bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Caralluma edulis (Asclepiadaceae) and Verbena officinalis (Verbenaceae) whole plants against high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice
Authors: Ashfaq Aqsa , Khan Arif-ullah , Minhas Amber Mahmood , Aqeel Tahir , Assiri Asaad M. , Bukhari Ishfaq A.
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the anti-hyperlipidemic effect of Caralluma edulis and  Verbena officinalis.Methods: Phytochemical analysis of crude extracts of Caralluma edulis (Ce.Cr) and Verbena officinalis (Vo.Cr) were carried out. Hyperlipidemia was induced in mice with high-fat diet (HFD, 1.25 % w/w cholesterol, 0.5 % w/w cholic acid and 10 % v/w coconut oil). All the groups, except the saline-treated group, were fed on HFD for 4 weeks (lead-in period) to induce hyperlipidemia. Thereafter, the groups were treated with varying doses of the plant extract for 2 weeks (treatment period) as well as atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) reference standard. Body weight was measured fortnightly for all groups. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGs) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were assayed using Merck diagnostic kits. For histopathological analysis, liver slices were fixed in 10 % formalin and embedded in paraffin wax and was examined with the aid of hematoxylin and eosin staining (H & E).Results: Caralluma edulis (Ce.Cr) contains saponins, alkaloids, tannins, phenol, glycosides, terpenoids and flavonoids while Verbena officinalis (Vo.Cr) tested  positive for the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. HFD increased total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGs), low density  lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) compared to regulator diet (p < 0.001). Treatment of the animals with Ce.Cr and Vo.Cr dose-dependently (500 - 1000 mg/kg) reduced serum TC, TGs, LDL and VLDL (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, vs. HFD group) and raised high density lipoprotein (HDL) (p < 0.01, vs. HFD group), similar to that observed with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg). The  anti-hyperlipidemic effects of Ce.Cr and Vo.Cr were also confirmed via liver  histopathology results, showing improved structure with no hepatocellular necrosis and fat accumulation.Conclusion: These results indicate that Caralluma edulis and Verbena officinalis  exhibit antihyperlipidemic effect; thus, the plants have therapeutic potentials for the management of lipid disorders.Keywords: Caralluma edulis, Verbena officinalis, Anti-hyperlipidemia,   Hepatocellular necrosis
Anti-arthritic effect of total anthraquinone from Polygonum cuspidatum on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats
Authors: Wang Feng , Qiao Yan-hong , Niu Hui-min , Zhao Hong
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To study the anti-arthritic effect of total anthraquinone from Polygonum  cuspidatum (TAPC) on type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rats, and to  investigate the underlying mechanism(s).Methods: CIA rats were prepared and treated orally with TAPC at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, for 24 days. Paw volume and arthritis score were measured prior to TAPC treatment, and subsequently at 3-day intervals on days 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24. Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while synovial tissue TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17mRNA expressions were assayed by real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Thymus and spleen indices were also determined.Results: TAPC (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly alleviated paw swelling (p < 0.05), arthritis scores (p < 0.05) and thymus and spleen indices (p < 0.05) of CIA rats, when compared with the control rats. In addition, TAPC significantly decreased serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-17 (p < 0.01); and down-regulated their mRNA expressions in synovial tissues (p < 0.01).Conclusion: These results suggest that TAPC exerts good anti-arthritic activity in rats, most probably via suppression of inflammatory responses.Keywords: Polygonum cuspidatum, Anthraquinone, Type II collagen-induced  arthritis, Pro-inflammatory cytokines
Construction and evaluation of a novel triple cell epitopebased polypeptide vaccine against cow mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus
Authors: Liu Xiang , Chen Chunlin , Chen Chen , Marslin Gregory , Ding Rui , Wu Sanqiao
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To construct a novel triple cell epitope-based polypeptide vaccine against cow mastitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and  Streptococcus and to reduce the use of antibiotics.Methods: Based on bioinformatics approach, a novel triple epitope-based polypeptide (CM-TEP) was designed and subjected to Ni-NTA flow resin purification. Purified CM-TEP was immunized into mice to prepare a polyclonal antibody. Pull-down assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the interaction between CM-TEP antibodies and S. aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus. Active immunity mice and challenge of bacterial pathogens were used to detect immune protection of CM-TEP. Additionally, the optimal expressing conditions of CM-TEP strain were analyzed using orthogonal test design.Results: A novel cow mastitis triple cell epitope-based polypeptide (CM-TEP) with a MW of 36 kDa was designed, purified and used to immunize mice to prepare a  polyclonal antibody. Pull-down assays and ELISA data showed that CM-TEP  antibodies directly interacted with S. aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus. CM-TEP displayed a significant immune protective effect against infection by S. aureus (50 %, p < 0.05) and E. coli (54.54 %, p < 0.05) and provided some immune protective effect (30.78 %, p > 0.05) against Streptococcus. The optimum expressing conditions of CM-TEP were as follows: IPTG concentration of 0.3 mmol/L, strain OD600 value of 1, inducing temperature of 37 oC, and inducing time of 8 h.Conclusion: The findings suggest that epitope-based vaccine of CM-TEP may be a useful strategy for treating cow mastitis induced by S. aureus, E. coli and Streptococcus.Keywords: Cow mastitis, Epitope vaccine, Immunogenicity, Immune protective
Potential drug-drug interactions in the neurology ward of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan
Authors: Zafar Roheena , Chishti Kamran A. , Zahoor Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To identify and report the prevalence of potential drug-drug interactions (pDDIs) in a neurology ward, as well as their levels and association with risk factors.Methods: The study was conducted in the neurology ward of Northwest General Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Medical records of 205 randomly selected patients were retrospectively reviewed for potential drug-drug interactions using Micromedex Drug-Reax Software.Results: The total number of interactions identified were 633. About 96 % of the patients showed at least one type of potential interaction regardless of its severity. The identified pDDIs were categorized on the basis of severity, scientific evidence and onset. Based on severity, of the total of 633 pDDIs, 62.2 % were of major type while 31.8 % were of moderate type. On the basis of scientific evidence, 16.42 % were excellent type, 32.22 % in good category while fair category was the highest (55.60 %). The onset categories such as rapid (27.64 %), delayed (24.96 %) and non-specified onset (53.71 %) were also noted.Conclusion: Computerized DDIs programs are very helpful in minimizing harmful drug interactions. With this type of program, this better patient health outcomes can be achieved.Keywords: Drug-drug interaction, Patients, Drug reaction
Recent novel tumor gatekeepers and potential therapeutic approaches (2017)
Authors: Zahid Kashif Rafiq , Zada Hira Khan , Wassan Ghulam Mustafa , Hassan Waseem , Liu Ke , Liu Yanli , Liu Jinlin , Zhao Haobin , Qi Chao
Published: March 2021

Tumor remains a challenging task for oncology community. Drug resistance due to chemotherapy remain principal impediments  toward potential therapeutic strategies. Development of novel anti-cancer drugs or new targeted strategies to conquer drug  resistance is a key goal of cancer research. In this respect, novel tumor gatekeepers and innovative targeted strategies can be  helpful in overcoming drug resistance as well as improve currently used targeted therapies. In this review, efforts have been made to present some of the latest knowledge about novel tumor gatekeepers and new therapeutic strategies to improve the efficacy of  chemotherapy and give new hope to cancer patients to fight against cancer.Keywords: Cancer, Potent inhibitors, Gatekeepers, Therapeutic approaches, Oncogenic pathways
Preparation and characterization of N-benzyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan polymeric micelles for solubilization of poorly soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Authors: Woraphatphadung Thisirak , Sajomsang Warayuth , Rojanarata Theerasak , Akkaramongkolporn Prasert , Ngawhirunpat Tanasait , Opanasopit Praneet
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To investigate the solubilization of poorly water-soluble non-steroidal  anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in N-benzyl-N,O-succinyl chitosan (BSCS)  polymeric micellesMethods: BSCS was synthesized by reductive amination and succinylation,  respectively. NSAIDs; meloxicam (MX), piroxicam (PRX), ketoprofen (KP) and indomethacin (IND) were entrapped in the hydrophobic inner cores by evaporation method. The effects of drug structure on loading efficiency, particle size and surface charge of micelles were investigated.Results: The critical micelle concentration of BSCS micelles was 0.0385 mg/mL and cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells depends on the polymer concentration (IC50 = 3.23 ± 0.08 mg/mL). BSCS micelles were able to entrap MX, PRX, KP and IND and also improve the solubility of drugs. Drug loading efficiency was highly dependent on the drug molecules. The drug loading capacity of these BSCS micelles was in the following rank order: KP (282.9 μg/mg) > PRX (200.8 μg/mg) > MX (73.7 μg/mg) > IND (41.2 μg/mg). The highest loading efficiency was observed in KP-loaded BSCS micelles due to the attractive force between phenyl groups of KP and benzyl groups of the polymer. Particle size and surface charge were in the range of 312 - 433 nm and -38 to -41 mV, respectively.Conclusion: BSCS copolymer presents desirable attributes for enhancing the  solubility of hydrophobic drugs. Moreover, BSCS polymeric micelles might be beneficial carrier in a drug delivery system.Keywords: BSCS, polymeric micelles, solubilization, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
HIPK2 reduces the resistance of gastric cancer cells to cisplatin via p53 pathway
Authors: Mi Jiali , Zhang Xing , Jia Yingdong
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To uncover the functional effect of homologous domain-associated protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) on the viability of cisplatin (DDP)-resistant gastric cancer (GC) cells and elucidate the possible mechanism of action.Methods: The effect of DDP on GC viability and apoptotic rate was evaluated using MTT and flow cytometry (FCM) assays. The potential effect of HIPK2 on DDP sensitivity and cell apoptosis was investigated in the presence of cisplatin while the effect of HIPK2 on p53 activation was determined by immunoblot assay.Results: HIPK2 expression was decreased in DDP-resistant GC cell while upregulation of HIPK2 reduced growth, but promoted apoptosis in DDP-resistant GC cells. Further investigations showed that HIPK2 promoted p53 activation, while suppression of p53 weakened the inhibitory effect of HIPK2 on DDP-resistance in GC cells.Conclusion: The results suggest that HIPK2 is a promising and important therapeutic factor for the regulation of the resistance of GC cells to DDP. Thus, may have a role to play in the management of gastric cancer

Keywords: Gastric cancer, Cisplatin, HIPK2, Homologous domain-associated protein kinase 2, p53 pathway, Therapeutic target
LncRNA gas5 regulates granulosa cell apoptosis and viability following radiation by X-ray through sponging miR-205-5p and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway ingranulosa cell tumor of ovary
Authors: Li Yan , Ma Xing , Li Jun , He Saifei , Zhuang Juhua , Wang Guoyu , Ye Ying , Xia Wei
Published: March 2021

Purpose: The study explored the role of lncRNA gas5 in ovarian granulosa cells exposed to X-ray in granulosa cell tumor of  ovary(GCTO).

Methods:Exposed the KGN cell line (KALANG, Beijing, China) to X-ray to mimic the radiotherapy for GCSO patients in vitro, cell viability was checked by CCK8 assays. RT-qPCR detected the RNA expression of apoptosis-related genes while Western Blot for biomarkers in wnt/β-catenin signaling. Differential expressions of lncRNA gas5 were examined after cells exposed to X ray for 0,24,48hs. We over expressed gas5 and assessed resultant cell viabilities, apoptosis and signaling. The sponging between gas5 and miR-205-5p was verified through Luciferase Assay. CCK8, RT-qPCR and Western Blot were applied for investigations into the correlation between miR-205-5p and cell viability and apoptosis after miR-205-5p augmentation. Similarly, the interactions between the gas5 and  miR-205-5p were assessed after co-transfection of miR-205-5p mimics and oe-gas5. Last, wnt inhibitor was used to study the role of signaling pathway in KGN cells.

Results: Exposure of KGN toX-ray reduced cell viabilities and increased apoptosis. Gas5 had reduced expression in cells while  miR-205-5p increased. Gas5 upregulation could protect the cells from apoptosis and add to the cell viability and activation of wnt//β-catenin signaling. lncRNA gas5 targeted miR-205-5p and miR-205-5p mimics could counteract functions of up-regulated lncRNA gas5, regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Inactivation in Wnt/β-catenin could suppress cell viability.

Conclusions: lncRNA gas5 regulated the cell apoptosis and viability after cellular radiation, which might be a potential therapeutic target to combine into radiotherapy for GCTO patients in clinical stage.

Keywords: Ovary, proliferation, apoptosis, lncRNA gas5, x-ray
Effect of vitamin D on Becker muscular dystrophy: A review
Authors: Alasady Shaymaa H.
Published: March 2021

The correlation between Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and vitamin D has long been known, since vitamin D controls bone  turnover which occurs in this disease. Thus, vitamin D is beneficial to some extent to BMD patients due to the fact that it has long been known to play an important part in bone metabolism. According to recent studies which suggest association between vitamin D and multiple  diseases involving multiple organs, vitamin D may alleviate the pathophysiology of BMD. This review focuses on the benefits of vitamin D to BMD patients through alleviation of the pathophysiology and complications of the disease.

Keywords: Becker muscular dystrophy, Cardiomyopathy, Vitamin D
MiR-384-3p aggravates propofol induced apoptosis in developing neurons by targeting Wnt3a
Authors: Shi Xiaoling , Jia Wei
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of miR-384-3p toward propofol-treated neonatal rat hippocampal neurons and investigate its related molecular mechanism(s).Methods: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was employed to determine miR-384-3p expression levels in propofol-treated neonatal rat hippocampal neurons. Cell apoptosis and cell viability were evaluated by flow cytometry analysis and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, respectively. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporterassay were applied together to forecast and verify the interaction between miR-384-3p and Wnt3a. Wnt3a expression in transfected neonatal rat hippocampal neurons was assessed by Western blot assay.Results: Propofol induced apoptosis in developing neurons by upregulating miR-384-3p expression levels. Knockdown of miR-384-3p reduced propofol-induced apoptosis in developing neurons. Subsequent experiments indicated that miR-384-3p directly regulated Wnt3a expression via coupling with the 3′-untranslated region of Wnt3a. Furthermore, upregulation of Wnt3a expression levels alleviated propofol-induced cytotoxicity promoted by miR-384-3p (p < 0.01).Conclusion: MiR-384-3p aggravates propofol-induced apoptosis in developing neurons by targeting Wnt3a.

Keywords: MiR-384-3p, Wnt3a, Propofol, Apoptosis, Developing neurons
Balance de un mandato: la fuerza de la SEDEN son sus socios
Authors: Gómez Gómez Alicia , Ruiz Álvarez Mª Paz , Baena Ruiz Laura , Martínez Terceño Mª Ángeles
Published: March 2021

Cuando hace unos años depositasteis en nosotros vuestra confianza para que asumiéramos la dirección de la SEDEN, ya expresamos nuestros sentimientos de reconocimiento y respeto hacia todos los que nos precedieron en esta institución, los fundadores, juntas directivas y vocales y a todos los que hoy os encontráis aquí, por caminar juntos hacia un mismo fin.
Redescription of Polyplastron alaskum Dehority, 1974 (Ciliophora, Entodiniomorphida), a Rare Rumen Ciliate Species from Domestic and Wild Sheep
Authors: Cedrola Franciane , D'agosto Marta , Martinele Isabel , Júnio Pedroso Dias Roberto
Published: March 2021

The present study redescribes the species Polyplastron alaskum based on morphological characterization and provides, for the first time, data on its infraciliary bands pattern. Polyplastron alaskum was described in Alaskan dall montain sheep (Ovis dalli), and registered again only in the present study, 45 years later, inhabiting the rumen contents of domestic sheep (Ovis aries) in northeastern Brazil. All the taxonomic characters observed in the original description was observed in the present study. The infraciliary pattern in Polyplastron alaskum is slightly different of Diplodinium-type, observed in some ophryoscolecids belonging to the subfamily Diplodiniinae.
The First Record of Intestinal Ciliates from the Mountain Zebra (Equus zebra) in South Africa
Authors: Kornilova Olga , Tsushko Klara , Chistyakova Ludmila
Published: March 2021

This paper is a first report on species of endosymbiotic ciliates (Litostomatea, Trichostomatia) inhabiting the intestine of zebras in South Africa. Ciliates from Mountain Zebra were investigated for the first time in the world. The wild population of mountain zebras in general and the Cape Mountain Zebra subspecies in particular is low in numbers: this species is included as vulnerable in the IUCN Red List. Approximately 15 species of trichostome ciliates from 9 different genera were found in the samples collected from wild zebras in Western Cape, South Africa. Some of the ciliate species are also common to horses and other equids, while others are unique for zebras. The ciliates of Triplumaria genus common to elephants and rhinoceroses, and the species Blepharosphaera ceratotherii previously described in rhinoceroses were found in equids for the first time.
The Confessing Church (Bekennende Kirche) in Western Pomerania in Light of the Activity of St. Mary’s Parish in Koszalin (Köslin) and the Rev. Friedrich Onnasch (1881–1945)
Authors: Grzywacz Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The article deals with issues related to the history of the relations between churches as institutions, and their individual clergymen, and the Nazi state. The source referred to in this article is the intimate journal of Minister Friedrich Onnasch (1881–1945), the superintendent of the Koszalin Church District and parish priest of Saint Mary’s Church in Koszalin, murdered by Soviet troops in Barlinek in February 1945. A document written on a regular basis, never published, is a detailed account (though coded, due to censorship), showing the experience of the clerical office in a time of totalitarian oppression. It shows the situation in the Evangelical Church after 1933 and the commitment of Minister Friedrich Onnasch and others, among them Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945), associated with Pomerania, in the movement of the Confessing Church. It explores the areas of Christian religion in its Evangelical topography, limited to the space of the former Prussian province of Pommern (Provinz Pommern) and Western Pomerania after 1945.
Raz na wozie, raz pod wozem (transmisyjnym), czyli ewolucja relacji mediów i polityki zagranicznej
Authors: Szymańska Agnieszka
Published: March 2021

Znaczenie środków masowego przekazu w procesie planowania i realizacji polityki zagranicznej zmieniało się w czasie w zależności od możliwości technicznych mediów oraz obowiązującego paradygmatu dyplomacji. Celem artykułu jest analiza ewolucji, jaka dokonała się w tych relacjach w okresie od zakończenia II wojny światowej w kontekście wybranych wydarzeń historycznych. W ostatnich dziesięcioleciach wyróżnić można kilka etapów rozwoju wzajemnych relacji mediów i polityki zagranicznej, charakteryzujących się określonym układem oddziaływań oraz zależności mediów i dyplomacji, który w pewnych okresach w określonej sytuacji politycznej z różnym natężeniem cechowała albo wyraźna dominacja polityki nad mediami, albo wyraźnie uchwytny wpływ przekazu mediów na politykę. To, który z elementów układu zyskiwał w danym momencie przewagę, zależało głównie od aktualnego stanu rozwoju technologii przekazu oraz obowiązującego paradygmatu polityki zagranicznej. You Win Some, You Lose Some, or the Evolution of the Relations of Media and Foreign Policy The role of the media in the planning and implementation of foreign policy has changed over time, depending on the technical capabilities of the media and the existing diplomatic paradigm. The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution that has taken place in these fields since the end of World War II in the context of the selected historical events. In recent decades, several stages of the development of mutual relations between the media and foreign policy can be distinguished, characterized by a specific system of influence and dependence of the media and diplomacy, which in certain periods in a specific political situation was characterized with varying intensity either by a clear domination of politics over the media or a clearly noticeable influence of the media message on politics. Which of the elements of the system was gaining the advantage at a given moment depended mainly on the current state of development of the communication technology and the applicable foreign policy paradigm.
Metody, miejsca odbioru i rytuały towarzyszące percepcji treści telewizji tradycyjnej i WebTV wśród licealistów zamieszkujących województwo podkarpackie
Authors: Kinal Jarosław
Published: March 2021

Współczesny sposób korzystania z mediów zmienił strukturę i funkcje przestrzenną miejsc odbioru. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest wskazanie metod odbiorczych, miejsc odbioru i opis rytuałów, które towarzyszą obecnie młodym ludziom podczas korzystania z mediów. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród podkarpackich licealistów w 2018 roku. W badaniu zastosowano dwustopniowy sposób ustalenia agregatu badawczego: (1) pisma do dyrektorów wylosowanych 14 placówek oświatowych oraz (2) rozesłanie prośby o wypełnienie ankiety do osób deklarujących przynależność do jednostki edukacyjnej za pomocą otwartego konta na portalu Facebook. Zastosowanie wyszukiwania celowego w serwisie Facebook umożliwiło dotarcie z ankietą do uczniów będących w rzeczywistości członkami społeczności danej szkoły, co – w opinii autora niniejszej publikacji – było działaniem uniemożliwiającym generowanie odpowiedzi przez osoby niebędące w grupie badawczej. Przeprowadzenie badania wśród podkarpackich licealistów jest motywowane regionalnym charakterem badań prowadzonych w rzeszowskim ośrodku akademickim. Zagregowane i opracowane wyniki pozwoliły uprawdopodobnić postawione w procesie konceptualizacji badań hipotezy i stanowią przyczynek do dalszych badań zjawiska.

Methods, Places and Rituals Accompanying the Perception of the Content of Traditional Television and WebTV among High School Students Residing in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship

The modern way of using the media has changed the spatial structure and functions of the places of media reception. The aim of this article is to indicate the reception methods, the places of reception and the description of the rituals that accompany young people today when using the media. The article presents the results of the research conducted among secondary school students from Podkarpackie Voivodeship (in the South of Poland) in 2018. The study used a two-stage method of gathering the research material: 1) letters to directors of 14 randomly selected educational institutions were followed by (2) a request to fill in the questionnaire sent to students, using an open account on Facebook. The use of targeted search on Facebook made it possible to reach students who were actually members of the school’s community with the survey, the results of which made it possible to substantiate the hypotheses put forward in the process of conceptualization of research and constitute a contribution to further research on the phenomenon of rituals accompanying the perception of media content.
Dīmokratīs (Dημοκράτης) – organ prasowy greckich uchodźców w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej
Authors: Krawczuk Marcin
Published: March 2021

W artykule przedstawino podstawowe informacje na temat ukazującej się w latach 1952––1983 gazety Dīmokratīs (Dημοκράτης) wydawanej w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej przez grecką oraz macedońską społeczność i pełniącej funkcję jej organu prasowego. Obok prezentacji podstawowych faktów starano się także odpowiedzieć na pytania o rolę tej gazety dla jej odbiorców. W tym celu dokonano analizy treści zasobów gazety przechowywanych w Bibliotece Uniwersyteckiej w Warszawie, które należą do najkompletniejszych w kraju. Jako uzupełnienie informacji pozyskanych bezpośrednio z analizy czasopisma wykorzystano także publikacje na temat diaspory grecko-macedońskiej w PRL oraz bibliografie prasy powojennej. W świetle przeprowadzonych badań Dīmokratīs jawi się nie tylko jako organ informacyjny, ale też istotny element podtrzymywania tożsamości diaspory grecko-macedońskiej, zaś zachodzące przez lata przemiany jego treści odzwierciedlają jej zmieniającą się sytuację. Podkreślić należy, że Dīmokratīs był niemal niewykorzystywany w dotychczasowych, stosunkowo licznych i różnorodnych, publikacjach na temat diaspory grecko-macedońskiej w Polsce, tymczasem artykuł ukazuje wszechstronne możliwości wykorzystania tej gazety w badaniach nad tą tematyką. Dīmokratīs (Dημοκράτης) – the Press Organ of Greek Refugees in the Polish People’s Republic The aim of the article is to present basic information about the newspaper Dīmokratīs, (Dημοκράτης) which was published in the years 1952–1983 in Poland (in the Polish People’s Republic) by the Greek and Macedonian community as their press organ. The article focuses on the role of this newspaper for its readers. It presents the results of the content analysis of the volumes of the newspaper preserved in the University of Warsaw Library, the collection of which is among the most complete in the country. The information taken directly from the newspaper were supplemeneted with data taken from the publications about the Greek-Macedonian diaspora in Poland and from bibliographies of the Polish post-war press. In the light of the conducted research it is clear that Dīmokratīs was very important for integrating the Greek-Macedonian diaspora and reflected its historical development. It is worth mentioning that so far Dīmokratīs has hardly been used in the books and publications on the Greek-Macedonian diaspora in Poland, whereas this article shows the various possibilities of conducting further research based on this unique material.
Kulturowe źródła prawa i kulturowe uwarunkowania władzy politycznej. Wewnętrzny kolonializm i casus akulturacji prawnej Ślązaków
Authors: Ładykowski Paweł
Published: March 2021

Cultural Sources of Law and Conditions of Political Power. Internal Colonialism and the Case of Legal Acculturation of Silesians

The article addresses legal pluralism, namely the interaction of norms resulting from either custom or law, which takes place in the face of emancipation processes in Polish Silesia. It concerns legal conceptualizations of regional autonomy and the negotiations of the legal status of the regional group that aims at a higher level of sovereignty. Namely, investigating the relationship between cultural and legal norms, I analyse the judicial procedure regarding the way of adjudicating and defining Silesianness. Considering the existence of multiple parallel ethnic identities in Poland, I strive to illuminate the question of the legal definition of Polishness and the normative dimension of legal definition. I bring to light the making of the adjudication in the Polish justice system, and thus highlight the mechanisms present in the legislative process and rationalisations operating wherein. I am interested in the consequences of these processes for establishing the legal and the factual status of different groups. The conception of identity used by modern jurisdiction derives from the definition of the dominant group (of Poles) and works towards strengthening its status against the status of other, parallelly existing groups whose self-identities do not fall squarely within the hegemonic construction. My hypothesis is that the process of interpreting the law in force in Poland follows subjective ideas and is often drafted in programmatic terms.
Kimian States: The Case of Stative Passive Participles Corresponding to Roz- Object Experiencer Verbs in Polish
Authors: Malicka-Kleparska Anna
Published: March 2021

In this text we consider properties of stative passive participles corresponding to roz- Object Experiencer verbs in Polish. They are viewed in the light of the distinction between Davidsonian states (Davidson 1967) and Kimian states (Kim 1976). Polish statives with roz- passive participles seem to show features of both Kimian and Davidsonian states. We will consider the results of various tests proposed in the literature to discover the properties of the relevant Polish structures and offer an explanation for the areas in which roz- structures diverge from the characteristics of Kimian states.
Zarządzanie mediami społecznościowymi w kontekście realizacji projektów społecznych skierowanych przeciw mowie nienawiści na przykładzie projektu Grażyna Żarko. Katolicki głos w Internecie
Authors: Lusińska Anna
Published: March 2021

Social media management in the context of social projects against hate speech on the example of the project Grażyna Żarko. Catholic voice on the Internet

Argument/objective: In view of the growing negative phenomenon of hate speech in the social media, targeted informational and educational activities in the public sphere seem important and necessary, for the common good and in the common interest, as a reminder of respect for the other person and respect for his or her rights. The aim of the article is to identify and analyse the selected project in terms of the occurrence, spread and scale of the hate speech phenomenon in social media and to try to evaluate this type of communication. Research methods, research questions: The text uses methods such as case study, desk research and media content analysis. The following research questions were posed: how does the broadly understood civil society, and in principle its representatives, try to oppose hate speech? For what purpose are social projects against hate speech created and implemented? Do social projects against hate speech show the scale of this phenomenon, its horror and immorality? What image of Poles, including Polish Internet users (and in the case of a selected YouTube project) emerges from them? and how do they exchange views on the subject and what conclusions do they draw from this? Results and conclusions: Research has shown that when modern society, which is largely civic, starts to rebel against injustice, lack of respect for others, or socially unacceptable behaviour, including hate speech, it reaches for tools of opposition, among others. Projects such as these are born in this way: Incubator of Ideas, #StopMowieNienawiści, or the title one, analysed: Grażyna Żarko. Catholic Voice on the Internet. This non-commercial, over two months long project, and at the same time a media, Internet provocation carried out in the form of a Polish vlog, showed not only the enormous scale of the problem of “verbal violence”of Polish Internet users on the example of YouTube, but also the lack of preventive actions and responsibility, or rather criminal consequences, for example, incurred for this type of conduct. Cognitive value: The article is part of the discussion on the way and quality of communication of Polish society, with particular emphasis on hate speech, through new media.
Against “Ideologies”: “Freedom” of Science at Stake in Culture Wars
Authors: Zimniak-Hałajko Marta
Published: March 2021

The subject of this article is the analysis of selected institutional activities, including drafts of legislative initiatives and social actions that took place between 2018 and 2020 at Polish universities (and outside of them). Its goal is to define what can be expressed, who is entitled to speak within the academic realm and what can be said by an academic teacher or scientist during a public debate. These social actions and legislative initiatives are discussed in the broader context of activities of social movements having a clear ideological face (either left- or right-wing), protests against lectures, debates organised at universities that were labelled as “ideological”, as well as projects intended to promote specific visions of academic freedom along with corresponding regulations for universities.
Exercise Interventions Targeting Obesity in Persons With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: McMillan David W. , Maher Jennifer L. , Jacobs Kevin A. , Nash Mark S. , Gater David R.
Published: March 2021

Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in an array of cardiometabolic complications, with obesity being the most common component risk of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) in this population. Recent Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines for CMD in SCI recommend physical exercise as a primary treatment strategy for the management of CMD in SCI. However, the high prevalence of obesity in SCI and the pleiotropic nature of this body habitus warrant strategies for tailoring exercise to specifically target obesity. In general, exercise for obesity management should aim primarily to induce a negative energy balance and secondarily to increase the use of fat as a fuel source. In persons with SCI, reductions in the muscle mass that can be recruited during activity limit the capacity for exercise to induce a calorie deficit. Furthermore, the available musculature exhibits a decreased oxidative capacity, limiting the utilization of fat during exercise. These constraints must be considered when designing exercise interventions for obesity management in SCI. Certain forms of exercise have a greater therapeutic potential in this population partly due to impacts on metabolism during recovery from exercise and at rest. In this article, we propose that exercise for obesity in SCI should target large muscle groups and aim to induce hypertrophy to increase total energy expenditure response to training. Furthermore, although carbohydrate reliance will be high during activity, certain forms of exercise might induce meaningful postexercise shifts in the use of fat as a fuel. General activity in this population is important for many components of health, but low energy cost of daily activities and limitations in upper body volitional exercise mean that exercise interventions targeting utilization and hypertrophy of large muscle groups will likely be required for obesity management.
Energy Expenditure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Body Composition Following Arm Cycling or Functional Electrical Stimulation Exercises in Spinal Cord Injury: A 16-Week Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Farkas Gary J. , Gorgey Ashraf S. , Dolbow David R. , Berg Arthur S. , Gater David R.
Published: March 2021

Background: Physical deconditioning and inactivity following spinal cord injury (SCI) are associated with multiple cardiometabolic risks. To mitigate cardiometabolic risk, exercise is recommended, but it is poorly established whether arm cycling exercise (ACE) or functional electrical stimulation (FES) leg cycling yields superior benefits. Objectives: To determine the adaptations of 16 weeks of FES cycling and ACE on exercise energy expenditure (EEE), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and obesity after SCI. Methods: Thirteen physically untrained individuals were randomly assigned to FES (n = 6) or ACE (n = 7) exercise 5 days/week for 16 weeks. Pre- and post-intervention EEE, peak oxygen consumption (absolute and relative VO2Peak), and work were assessed using indirect calorimetry, while body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: Main effects were found for peak power (p < .001), absolute (p = .046) and relative (p = .042) VO2Peak, and peak work (p = .013). Compared to baseline, the ACE group increased in EEE (+85%, p = .002), peak power (+307%, p < .001), VO2Peak (absolute +21%, relative +22%, p ≤ .024), peak work (19% increase, p = .003), and total body fat decreased (-6%, p = .05). The FES group showed a decrease in percentage body fat mass (−5%, p = .008). The ACE group had higher EEE (p = .008), peak power (p < .001), and relative VO2Peak (p = .025) compared to postintervention values in the FES group. Conclusion: In the current study, ACE induced greater increases in EEE and CRF, whereas ACE and FES showed similar results on body fat. Exercise promotional efforts targeting persons with SCI should use both FES and ACE to reduce sedentary behavior and to optimize different health parameters after SCI.
The Streamers Dynamics Study by an Intelligent System Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Khodja Fouad , Mimoun Younes , Kherfane Riad Lakhdar
Published: March 2021

The formation and propagation of streamers is an important precursor to determine the characteristics of electrical breakdown of many HV electrode configurations. Understanding of the study of the interaction between the polymer surface and the development process of the streamer is of major importance when we want to improve internal and external performance insulation systems. In this context, a numerical tool using neural networks is developed. This model allows evaluating the speed of streamers as a function of the amplitude of voltage initiation and the nature of the insulating materials. For this, a database was created to train the neural model from a laboratory model. This investigation builds a database for predicting the propagation of streamers on the polymers surface by different neuronal methods and this presents an interesting tool for estimating the propagation phenomena in functions of very important parameters
Significados de los bienes sociales: alcances en la justicia distributiva / Meanings of social goods: scope in distributive justice
Authors: Ramírez Martínez María Teresa , Guerra González María del Rosario
Published: March 2021

Los principios éticos de la justicia distributiva se establecen mediante la importancia y sentido que diversas posturas teóricas le confieren a los bienes sociales. Se presenta un análisis sobre las limitantes en una sociedad plural y equitativa, al favorecer un solo tipo de bien social. El objetivo es contrastar tres corrientes filosóficas que abordan la teoría de la justicia, mediante propuestas de diversos precursores en el tema y concluir con una propuesta donde se incluyan distintos bienes que garanticen la diversidad de planes de vida y circunstancias. La primera pertenece al utilitarismo de Bentham y Mill; la segunda es de Rawls, filósofo liberal; en la tercera se incorpora “las capacidades” de Sen; la cuarta propuesta corresponde al filósofo de la tradición comunitarista Walzer. Por último, se integra la “teoría contractualista moral” de Scanlon. Por consiguiente, es imposible privilegiar un solo tipo de bien social, se propone la inclusión de la diversidad de significados y contextos como elementos que integren principios éticos filosóficos para el desarrollo de una sociedad justa e incluyente. Se utiliza como método el análisis y comparación de los autores con la finalidad de encontrar convergencias y divergencias entre éstos, lo cual permite ampliar la investigación para poder contextualizar cada postura teórica.
Fight back against segregation: the problem of ‘two schools under one roof’
Authors: Bakić Sarina , Mujagić Nermina
Published: March 2021

Authors analyse and conceptually problematise specific phenomena of ‘two schools under one roof’ in Bosnia and Herzegovina. They argue that education in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been routinely exposed to various, contradicting demands and pressures, which result in, among other contradictions, ‘two schools under one roof’, which presents one of the world’s phenomenon within education. The authors are eager to present this specific education issue to the global public and provide some answers on various consequences, which appeared in this contemporary segregation form in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One of the significant objectives is to underline the concept in which education should be a human practice of cognition that is not determined by ideological currents. Furthermore, authors using several sociological and political science aspects regarding education, in general, will investigate and enlighten this specific phenomenon of segregation that is unique not only in the local but in the global context as well. The main objective of this article will be to present viable solutions on how ‘two schools under one roof’ can be altered or even abolished.
Dwelling in the dearth: Colonia Mexico 68 in poverty & exclusion
Authors: Noibi Tajudeen , Ezomo Ojeiru , Pandey Digvijay
Published: March 2021

The growth of irregular settlements in Ciudad Juarez has largely contributed to the expansion of the city, where informal city expansion was later transformed to regular urbanization. The reason for this is not far-reaching as the agglomeration of migrants into the city frequently redefined its growth. Simultaneously, the economic significance of the city in the global capital process has further made it a destination point for the engagement of labour from the hinterland of Mexico to central and southern America. This paper investigates the historical context of the emergence of the lived experience amidst poverty and the social exclusion process in Colonia Mexico 68, a settlement to the west of the city of Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico, a vicinity surrounded by multinationals otherwise known as Maquiladoras. The inhabitants are known to be poor and live in poverty and exclusion. The investigation is based on ethnographic research using the Bristol Social Exclusion Model. (BSEM) to measure poverty and social exclusion despite the spatial proximity of the maquilas that empowered the residents. A random sampling of the population was executed through interviews and pictorial evidence. Supporting documented interviews were conducted with the staff of Asentamientos Humanos to further understand the narrative and lived experience of the inhabitants. Luckman and Berger’s subjective reality paradigm was adopted in the execution of the ethnographic findings. It was observed that social policy that focuses on education, training, social security, housing, and health provision would further improve the lives of the inhabitants and foster more forms of inclusion.
Lingüística Cognitiva y Constructivismo: un análisis comparativo / Cognitive Linguistics and Constructivism: a comparative analysis
Authors: Muminova Aziza
Published: March 2021

El presente artículo indaga los orígenes, bases y perspectivas teóricas que puede compartir la lingüística cognitiva con el constructivismo, teniendo en cuenta que son modelos y teorías que comienzan a formarse en la época de los años 50 respondiendo ante el absolutismo y positivismo de la modernidad. La investigación se realizó en función a un análisis comparativo, iluminando la historia de sus orígenes y sus principales fundamentos teóricos. Dentro de los resultados alcanzados, se evidencia que poseen similitudes en: su contexto histórico; la forma de relacionarse con otras ciencias; la manera como construyen el conocimiento y el lenguaje; y, la concepción de la realidad. Se pueden encontrar más semejanzas y también diferencias; sin embargo, el objeto del presente artículo es identificar similitudes básicas para abrir el dialogo y trazar un camino de reconocimiento teórico entre los dos modelos.
Presentación del Dossier. América Latina y el mundo frente al COVID-19: problemas, experiencias y debates abiertos a un año de la pandemia / Presentation of the Dossier. Latin America and the world facing COVID-19: problems, experiences and open debates one year after the pandemic
Authors: Luna-Nemecio Josemanuel , Morales Guzmán Jesús Carlos
Published: March 2021

Presentación Del Dossier América Latina y el mundo frente al COVID-19: problemas, experiencias y debates abiertos a un año de la pandemia
Spectacle and Trumpism
Authors: Miller Jacob C.
Published: March 2021

This radical and experimental book advances a new approach to understanding spectacle, one that helps us better understand how consumer culture paved the way for the post-truth politics of Donald Trump. Miller innovatively blends social and political theory, newspaper articles and contemporary commentary on Trump and Trumpism to provide a unique perspective on how capitalism intersects with and enables fascistic forms of power. His analysis contributes fresh insights to the rise of Trump and the politics of everyday consumer culture today.
KVALITET JAJA ORGANSKIH KOKOŠI NOSILJA U RAZLIČITIM FAZAMA PROIZVODNOG CIKLUSA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Rakonjac Simeon , Bogosavljevic-Boškovic Snežana ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Doskovic Vladimir ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, Lukic Miloš ,   Institute of Animal Husbandry, Serbia, Škrbic Zdneka ,   Institute of Animal Husbandry, Serbia, Petricevic Veselin ,   Institute of Animal Husbandry, Serbia, Petrovic Milun D. ,   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to determine the eggs and eggshell quality of organic laying hens at different stages of the one-year production cycle. Based on the results of these studies, it can be concluded that the organic eggs of 24-week-old Isa Brown layers had lower weight and a higher shape index than the eggs of 48- and 72-week-old hens. On the other hand, the eggs of 24- and 48-week-old laying hens had a higher albumen height and Haugh units, and less colored yolks compared to the eggs of 72-week-old hens. In terms of eggshell quality, 24-week-old hen eggs had a higher proportion, thickness and breaking strength and less shell deformation compared to 48- and 72-week-old hen eggs.