bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of imaging in acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Tong Elizabeth , Hou Qinghua , Fiebach Jochen B. , Wintermark Max
Published: January 2014

Neuroimaging has expanded beyond its traditional diagnostic role and become a critical tool in the evaluation and management of stroke. The objectives of imaging include prompt accurate diagnosis, treatment triage, prognosis prediction, and secondary preventative precautions. While capitalizing on the latest treatment options and expanding upon the “time is brain” doctrine, the ultimate goal of imaging is to maximize the number of treated patients and improve the outcome of one the most costly and morbid disease. A broad overview of comprehensive multimodal stroke imaging is presented here to affirm its utilization.
Antithrombotic selection and risk factor management in ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack
Authors: Katz Brian S. , Flemming Kelly D.
Published: January 2014

In addition to appropriate antithrombotic therapy, the identification and treatment of modifiable ischemic stroke risk factors can reduce the likelihood of recurrent stroke. Neurosurgeons should be knowledgeable of the specific risk factors and general recommendations for ischemic stroke, as they may play a significant role in the management options for patients with intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic disease. The authors of this article review the indications for and selection of antithrombotics in patients with cerebral ischemia. In addition, the identification and secondary prevention of select risk factors are discussed.
Effect of glibenclamide on the prevention of secondary brain injury following ischemic stroke in humans
Authors: Khanna Arjun , Walcott Brian P. , Kahle Kristopher T. , Simard J. Marc
Published: January 2014

Cerebral edema and hemorrhagic conversion are common, potentially devastating complications of ischemic stroke and are associated with high rates of mortality and poor functional outcomes. Recent work exploring the molecular pathophysiology of the neurogliovascular unit in ischemic stroke suggests that deranged cellular ion homeostasis due to altered function and regulation of ion pumps, channels, and secondary active transporters plays an integral role in the development of cytotoxic and vasogenic edema and hemorrhagic conversion. Among these proteins involved in ion homeostasis, the ischemia-induced, nonselective cation conductance formed by the SUR1-TRPM4 protein complex appears to play a prominent role and is potently inhibited by glibenclamide, an FDA-approved drug commonly used in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Several robust preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of glibenclamide blockade of SUR1-TRPM4 activity in reducing edema and hemorrhagic conversion in rodent models of ischemic stroke, prompting the study of the potential protective effects of glibenclamide in humans in an ongoing prospective phase II clinical trial. Preliminary data suggest glibenclamide significantly reduces cerebral edema and lowers the rate of hemorrhagic conversion following ischemic stroke, suggesting the potential use of glibenclamide to improve outcomes in humans.
Pial synangiosis for moyamoya syndrome in children with sickle cell anemia: a comprehensive review of reported cases
Authors: Kennedy Benjamin C. , McDowell Michael M. , Yang Peter H. , Wilson Caroline M. , Li Sida , Hankinson Todd C. , Feldstein Neil A. , Anderson Richard C. E.
Published: January 2014

Object

Pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) carry a significant risk of developing moyamoya syndrome (MMS) and brain ischemia. The authors sought to review the safety and efficacy of pial synangiosis in the treatment of MMS in children with SCA by performing a comprehensive review of all previously reported cases in the literature.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiographic records in 17 pediatric patients with SCA treated at the Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of New York (MSCHONY) who developed radiological evidence of MMS and underwent pial synangiosis between 1996 and 2012. The authors then added any additional reported cases of pial synangiosis for this population in the literature for a combined analysis of clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Results

The combined data consisted of 48 pial synangiosis procedures performed in 30 patients. Of these, 27 patients (90%) presented with seizure, stroke, or transient ischemic attack, whereas 3 (10%) were referred after transcranial Doppler screening. At the time of surgery, the median age was 12 years. Thirteen patients (43%) suffered an ischemic stroke while on chronic transfusion therapy. Long-term follow-up imaging (MR angiography or catheter angiography) at a mean of 25 months postoperatively was available in 39 (81%) treated hemispheres. In 34 (87%) of those hemispheres there were demonstrable collateral vessels on imaging. There were 4 neurological events in 1590 cumulative months of follow-up, or 1 event per 33 patient-years. In the patients in whom complete data were available (MSCHONY series, n = 17), the postoperative stroke rate was reduced more than 6-fold from the preoperative rate (p = 0.0003).

Conclusions

Pial synangiosis in patients with SCA, MMS, and brain ischemia appears to be a safe and effective treatment option. Transcranial Doppler and/or MRI screening in asymptomatic patients with SCA is recommended for the diagnosis of MMS.
Extracranial-intracranial bypass for ischemic cerebrovascular disease: what have we learned from the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study?
Authors: Reynolds Matthew R. , Derdeyn Colin P. , Grubb Robert L. , Powers William J. , Zipfel Gregory J.
Published: January 2014

Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) arterial bypass has been used in the treatment of various neurosurgical pathologies including skull base tumors requiring sacrifice of a large intracranial artery; complex intracranial aneurysms requiring trapping; and distal revascularization, moyamoya disease, and symptomatic cerebrovascular stenoocclusive disease. The latter indication has been the subject of intense investigations in several large randomized controlled trials, most recently the Carotid Occlusion Surgery Study (COSS). In the present literature review and synthesis, the authors examine the current evidence available for EC-IC arterial bypass for the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease including both extracranial carotid artery occlusive disease and intracranial atherosclerotic disease. They focus particular attention on EC-IC arterial bypass for the treatment of symptomatic hemodynamic cerebral ischemia and how lessons learned from the COSS might guide future investigations into the treatment of this disease.
Current endovascular treatment options for central retinal arterial occlusion: a review
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Gala Nihar B. , Karimi Reza J. , Turbin Roger E. , Gandhi Chirag D. , Prestigiacomo Charles J.
Published: January 2014

Central retinal artery occlusion, although relatively rare, is an ophthalmological emergency. If left untreated, complete blindness will ensue. Conventional therapies have not significantly improved outcomes compared with the natural history of the disease. Several case series of more recent endovascular approaches, such as intraarterial fibrinolysis, report successful outcomes. Still other studies regarding intraarterial fibrinolysis do not demonstrate any significantly better outcomes, with some even indicating increased complication rates. Therefore, the authors present a review of the current endovascular treatment options for central retinal artery occlusion.
The use of telemedicine in the management of acute stroke
Authors: Rubin Mark N. , Demaerschalk Bart M.
Published: January 2014

Cerebrovascular disease, including acute ischemic stroke, remains a major public health problem in the US and throughout the world. There has been a concerted effort to apply evidence-based practices to stroke care to improve primary and secondary prevention as well as poststroke outcomes. Geography and workforce shortages contribute to a disparity in stroke care, however, among the substantial proportion of the US population that lives outside the reach of an acute stroke–ready hospital or a primary or comprehensive stroke center. In an attempt to combat the rural-to-urban disparity and expand the availability of best stroke practices, Levine and Gorman proposed the development of telemedical outreach for acute stroke evaluation and management, which they called “telestroke.” Since then, the practice of telestroke has been found to have a high interrater agreement with a bedside assessment of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, to enhance correct thrombolysis decision making as compared with telephone-only consultation, and to be cost-effective. In light of these findings and the perception of benefit by acute stroke providers and patients, there has been growing interest in and a rapid expansion of telestroke networks in the US and internationally. There are legal and financial barriers to more widespread use of telemedicine in general, including telestroke. Further research is needed to understand the potential merits of telestroke infrastructure for the many phases of stroke care including poststroke hospitalization, prevention of complications, enhancing secondary prevention, and education of patients and providers.
Editorial: Workforce needs for endovascular acute ischemic stroke therapy: myth or reality?
Authors: Cloft Harry
Published: January 2014

The acute ischemic strokes amenable to intraarterial therapy probably number no more than 20,000 per year in the United States. The future demand for intraarterial reperfusion techniques may change, but the fraction of patients who require intraarterial thrombolysis is currently rather low, and the number of neurointerventionists is adequate. Each hospital caring for patients with acute stroke will need to determine its own demand for intraarterial therapy and employ an adequate supply of qualified neurointerventionists available to meet demand. Comprehensive stroke centers are now being designated and hopefully will foster a rational, regionalized approach to the delivery of endovascular therapies for stroke.
Endovascular stroke intervention in young patients with large vessel occlusions
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Starke Robert M. , Hasan David , Sidhu Nimrita , Singhal Saurabh , Hann Shannon , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Rosenwasser Robert , Jabbour Pascal
Published: January 2014

Object

Endovascular therapy has become a widely used method for achieving arterial recanalization in patients who are ineligible for intravenous thrombolysis or those in whom it is unsuccessful. Young stroke patients with large vessel occlusions may particularly benefit from endovascular intervention. This study aims to assess the authors' experience with the use of modern endovascular techniques to treat young patients (≤ 55 years old) with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusions.

Methods

Young patients (≤ 55 years old) undergoing endovascular intervention for acute ischemic stroke at the authors' institution were identified from a prospectively maintained database. Only those patients with a confirmed large vessel occlusion were included. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were determined at 90 days during a follow-up visit. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of outcome (mRS score 0–2).

Results

A total of 45 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients in this series was 45 ± 9.6 years. The mean admission NIH Stroke Scale score was 14.1 ± 5 (median 13.5). Mechanical thrombectomy was performed using the Solitaire FR device in 13 (29%) patients and the Merci/Penumbra systems in 32 (71%) patients. The rate of successful recanalization (Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction [TIMI] scale Grade II–III) was 93% (42/45). Only 1 patient (2.2%) had a symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage following intervention. One patient (2.2%) sustained a vessel perforation intraoperatively. The rate of 90-day favorable outcome (mRS score 0–2) was 77.5% and the rate of 90-day satisfactory outcome (mRS score 0–3) was 90%. The 90-day mortality rate was 7.5%. In multivariate analysis, postprocedure TIMI grade was the only statistically significant independent predictor of 90-day outcome (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.01–1.19; p = 0.05).

Conclusions

The results of this study demonstrate that endovascular therapy provides remarkably high rates of arterial recanalization and favorable outcomes in young patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusions. These findings support aggressive interventional strategies in these patients. Randomized, controlled trials reflecting modern acute ischemic stroke treatment will be needed to confirm the findings of this study.
Retrosigmoid approach for resection of an extraventricular choroid plexus papilloma in the cerebellopontine angle
Authors: Tan Lee A. , Fontes Ricardo B. , Byrne Richard W.
Published: January 2014

Choroid plexus papillomas (CPP) are uncommon benign brain tumors that usually arise in the fourth ventricle in adults and lateral ventricles in children. Extraventricular CPPs are rare and can be found primarily in the cerebellopontine angle (CPA). We present a case of primary extraventricular CPP in the right CPA successfully resected with retrosigmoid approach. Detailed surgical techniques of retrosigmoid craniotomy and tumor dissection are presented in high definition video with narration.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/6591en3nWlY.
Resection of large epidermoid tumors ventral to the brainstem: techniques to expand the operative corridor across the basilar artery
Authors: Cohen-Gadol Aaron A.
Published: January 2014

Epidermoid tumors comprise about 1% of all intracranial tumors. They are congenital lesions that arise from paramedian cisterns within the posterior fossa. These tumors present as heterogeneous hyperintense lesions on FLAIR and homogenous hyperintense lesions on DWI. Surgical resection remains the most accepted form of therapy, but epidermoid tumors may recur. These tumors are well exposed through a traditional retrosigmoid approach. The tumor can be removed relatively easily as it is avascular. However, the propensity of this tumor type to fill the small spaces within basal cisterns and attach to cranial nerves may make its complete resection challenging. Tumors resection has to preserve the surrounding arachnoid membranes encasing the cranial nerves.

The author presents the case of a 42-year-old woman with a 1-year history of imbalance and nystagmus. An MRI revealed a large right-sided CP angle epidermoid tumor filling the ventral brainstem cistern and extending to the contralateral side, compressing the brainstem. The accompanying video illustrates resection of this mass through an extended (exposing the sigmoid sinus) retrosigmoid approach. The author removed the tumor piecemeal while protecting the cranial nerves. Small pieces of affected arachnoid covering the cranial nerves were not significantly manipulated. To excise the tumor along the contralateral paramedian cistern, the author used the space between the V and VII/VII cranial nerves to expose the space contralateral to the basilar artery and remove additional tumor. This maneuver allowed gross total resection of the tumor without a need to employ a more elaborate skull base approach such as petrosectomy. At 3-month follow-up visit after surgery, the patient's neurological exam returned to normal.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/CzRb-GUvhog.
Vestibular schwannoma: suboccipital approach
Authors: Sheth Sameer A. , Tirino Jennifer L. , Martuza Robert L.
Published: January 2014

Microsurgery via the suboccipital approach is a common treatment option for vestibular schwannomas (VS). The procedure is performed under general anesthesia with cranial nerve monitoring in the supine position. Following suboccipital craniectomy, durotomy, CSF release from the foramen magnum, and identification of cranial nerve position, the tumor is debulked internally. The internal auditory canal is drilled and dissection of the tumor progresses. Following resection, the IAC is waxed and a fat graft placed. A watertight pericranial graft is sewn in and a titanium mesh cranioplasty placed. The muscle and skin are closed in layers.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/ialtKy3cuPU.
Combined transmastoid middle fossa approach for giant cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex: technique for “dual exhaust” drainage
Authors: Liu James K. , Jyung Robert W.
Published: January 2014

Cholesterol granulomas are cystic lesions that typically arise in the petrous apex as a result of an inflammatory giant-cell reaction to cholesterol crystal deposits that are formed when normal aeration and drainage of temporal bone air cells become occluded resulting in transudation of blood into the petrous air cells. Surgical strategies include simple cyst decompression, radical excision of the cyst wall, or fenestration and drainage with silastic tubing. The authors present a giant cholesterol granuloma compressing the cerebellopontine angle and brainstem in a 35 year-old male who presented with progressive facial nerve weakness, sensorineural hearing loss, and vertigo. A combined transmastoid middle fossa extradural approach was performed to remove the cyst contents and decompress the brain-stem. A near total excision of the cyst wall was achieved with a small remnant adherent to the posterior fossa dura. Two separate silastic catheters were placed into the cyst cavity to provide “dual exhaust” drainage. One catheter drained the cyst cavity into the sphenoid sinus via a window made in the anteromedial triangle between V1 and V2. The second catheter drained the cyst cavity into the mastoidectomy cavity and middle ear. Postoperative MRI demonstrated regression of the cyst and excellent decompression of the brainstem. The patient experienced return of normal facial nerve function while hearing loss remained unchanged. He remained free of recurrence at 4 years postoperatively. The theoretical advantages of cyst wall removal combined with dual catheter drainage are longer term patency of cyst drainage and decrease of cyst recurrence. In this operative video atlas report, we describe the step-by-step technique and illustrate the operative nuances and surgical pearls to safely and efficiently perform the “dual exhaust” catheter drainage and resection of a giant cholesterol granuloma via a combined transmastoid middle fossa approach.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/iZpYBP26ghA.
Retrosigmoid approach for resection of cerebellopontine angle meningioma and decompression of the trigeminal nerve
Authors: Tan Lee A. , Gerard Carter S. , Ahuja Sumeet K. , Moftakhar Roham
Published: January 2014

Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) lesions account for up to 10% of all intracranial tumors. The most common CPA lesions are vestibular schwannomas (70–80%), meningiomas (10–15%) and epidermoid cysts (5%). CPA tumors are estimated to be the secondary cause for up to 9.9% patients with trigeminal neuralgia. We demonstrate a case of medically refractory trigeminal neuralgia caused by a CPA meningioma that was successfully treated via retrosigmoid approach. The patient had immediate and dramatic symptomatic improvement after surgery. Detailed surgical techniques of retrosigmoid craniotomy and tumor dissection are presented in high definition video with narration.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/55j9QCQEsH8.
Partial labyrinthectomy presigmoid transpetrosal resection of petroclival meningioma
Authors: Rodgers Shaun D. , McMenomey Sean O. , Sen Chandranath
Published: January 2014

A petroclival meningioma represents a challenging tumor to resect in the cerebellopontine angle and ventral to the brain stem. Multiple cranial nerves and blood vessels may be intimately involved with the tumor. A partial labyrinthectomy presigmoid transpetrosal approach can facilitate resection while preserving hearing. This approach allows for a direct line of sight along the petrous bone while sealing the canals can preserve hearing. In this video operative manuscript, we demonstrate a step-by-step illustration of a partial labyrinthectomy presigmoid transpetrosal resection of a petroclival meningioma. This approach affords the best chance of hearing preservation and an opportunity for maximum tumor resection.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/29I4KEXz1vY.
Translabyrinthine resection of neurofibromatosis type 2 associated vestibular and facial schwannomas, repair of facial nerve, and placement of auditory brainstem implant
Authors: Schwartz Marc S. , Lekovic Gregory P. , Brackmann Derald E. , Voelker Courtney C. J.
Published: January 2014

We present video of gross-total resection of a large cerebellopontine angle tumor consisting of both vestibular and facial schwannoma components via the translabyrinthine route in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 2. The facial nerve is reconstructed using a greater auricular nerve graft, and an auditory brainstem implant is placed. Prior to surgery the patient had no facial nerve function on the operative side and had lost useful hearing. He also had usable vision only on the ipsilateral side and had contralateral vocal cord paralysis.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/IOkEND-0vhI.
Resection of a cystic brainstem hemangioblastoma via a retrosigmoid approach
Authors: Lee Brian , Marquez Yvette D. , Giannotta Steven L.
Published: January 2014

Lesions of the brainstem pose a technical challenge due to their close proximity to critical vascular structures, neural pathways, and nuclei. Hemangioblastomas are rare lesions of the central nervous system and can cause significant neurological dysfunction, primarily due to enlargement of the cystic component. This is especially relevant when hemangioblastomas occur in eloquent brainstem regions. However, the outcomes after hemangioblastoma resection are good if complete surgical resection of the tumor of the mural nodule, can be achieved. This video demonstrates the excision of a brainstem hemangioblastoma via a left retrosigmoid craniotomy under Stealth guidance.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/bCkuaPwMV20.
Retrosigmoid craniotomy for cerebellopontine angle/petroclival epidermoid cyst
Authors: Raza Shaan M. , DeMonte Franco
Published: January 2014

This video describes the surgical management of an epidermoid cyst within the cerebellopontine angle and petroclival region with involvement of cranial nerves V through XI and the vertebrobasilar system. A retrosigmoid craniotomy was performed for gross total resection of the lesion. The key steps of the procedure are discussed, including: positioning, soft tissue dissection, craniotomy, microsurgical dissection/resection, closure. Additionally, surgical nuances with regards to the safe maximal resection of such lesions are detailed.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/VEROVO5cYdU.
An endoscopic assisted retrosigmoid approach to the cerebello-pontine angle for resection of an epidermoid cyst
Authors: Safain Mina G. , Dent Walter C. , Heilman Carl B.
Published: January 2014

Epidermoid cysts are rare lesions accounting for 1% of intracranial tumors with approximately 50% located within the cerebello-pontine angle (CPA). Resection is complicated by their close anatomical relation to critical neurovascular structures and their tendency to be densely adherent making complete removal a significant neurosurgical challenge. We present a 35-year-old woman with left sided tongue numbness and lower lip paresthesias with a CPA epidermoid. An endoscopic assisted retrosigmoid approach was utilized for resection. A 30-degree endoscope was used to assist in removal of unseen tumor in Meckel's cave, medial to the lower cranial nerves, and along the ventral pons.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/bv0lMPbX7BY.
Transtemporal approach to the removal of a lateral pontine tumor
Authors: Couldwell William T. , Shelton Clough
Published: January 2014

This video demonstrates a very useful trajectory to a pontine lesion. A 68-year-old man presented with tongue numbness and weakness. The approach used was a transtemporal presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach to enable an orthogonal trajectory to the lateral pons. Following the transtemporal opening, the root entry zone of the trigeminal nerve and the root exit zone of the facial nerve are identified. The lateral pons is incised to access the tumor, which upon histological analysis was found to be a metastasis. Excellent visualization of the lateral pons is achieved. The opening, relevant anatomy, and closure are illustrated.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/vS5fCOY6vp8.
Retrosigmoid approach for resection of petroclival meningioma
Authors: Nanda Anil , Ambekar Sudheer
Published: January 2014

This video describes the classic retrosigmoid approach for the resection of petroclival lesions. In this procedure, a careful dissection of the tumor within the arachnoid plane from the neurovascular structures is described. The key steps in the procedure are outlined, and include positioning, tumor devascularization, decompression, dissection from lower cranial nerves, IV, V cranial nerves and the VII-VIII complex and from the brainstem and closure of the dura, bone flap and the incision.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/DmutL7dBOxI.
Retractorless translabyrinthine approach for resection of a large acoustic neuroma: operative video and technical nuances
Authors: Liu James K. , Jyung Robert W.
Published: January 2014

Large acoustic neuromas, greater than 3 cm, can be technically challenging tumors to remove because of their intimate relationship with the brainstem and surrounding cranial nerves. Successful tumor resection involves functional preservation of the facial nerve and neurovascular structures. The translabyrinthine approach is useful for surgical resection of acoustic neuromas of various sizes in patients with poor preoperative hearing. The presigmoid surgical corridor allows direct exposure of the tumor in the cerebellopontine angle without any fixed cerebellar retraction. Early identification of the facial nerve at the fundus facilitates facial nerve preservation. Large acoustic tumors can be readily removed with a retractorless translabyrinthine approach using dynamic mobilization of the sigmoid sinus. In this operative video atlas report, the authors demonstrate their operative nuances for resection of a large acoustic neuroma via a translabyrinthine approach using a retractorless technique. Facial nerve preservation is achieved by maintaining a plane of dissection between the tumor capsule and the tumor arachnoid so that a layer of arachnoid protects the blood supply to the facial nerve. Multilayered closure is achieved with a fascial sling technique in which an autologous fascia lata graft is sutured to the dural defect to suspend the fat graft in the mastoidectomy defect. We describe the step-by-step technique and illustrate the operative nuances and surgical pearls to safely and efficiently perform the retractorless translabyrinthine approach, tumor resection, facial nerve preservation, and multi-layered reconstruction of the skull base dural defect to prevent postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/ros98UxqVMw.
Resection of pontine cavernous malformation through the pontomedullary sulcus
Authors: Abla Adib Adnan , Clark Aaron J. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: January 2014

In this video, we illustrate a right far-lateral craniotomy for resection of a 13-mm cavernous malformation of the pons in a healthy 53-year-old female patient presenting with diplopia and right 6th nerve palsy. The cavernous malformation was surrounded by normal pons, but was within 1 mm of the pontomedullary sulcus. The lesion was exposed from below through a far lateral craniotomy and accessed through the vasoaccessory triangle, superior to olivary nucleus and 12th cranial nerve. The alternative retrosigmoid craniotomy would have involved significant transgression of the middle cerebellar peduncle. The patient had gross-total resection and some temporary increase in her abducens nerve palsy without any complication.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/f14RR3CHQkw.
Retrosigmoid craniotomy for clipping of two vertebrobasilar junction aneurysms
Authors: Abla Adib Adnan , Englot Dario J. , Lawton Michael T.
Published: January 2014

In this operative video, we demonstrate the approach to a 10-mm distal left vertebral artery and proximal basilar artery blister aneurysm in a 62-year-old male presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage. He initially underwent clipping of the ruptured ACoA aneurysm and two incidental right MCA aneurysms. Ten days later, the posterior circulation aneurysms were clipped through an extended retrosigmoid approach, working between cranial nerves 9–11 inferiorly and 7–8 superiorly. The vertebral artery was accessible from its dural entry site to the vertebrobasilar junction with the rostral limit of the exposure at the level of the tentorium. He underwent uneventful clipping of all aneurysms without postoperative morbidity.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/O0lF0gkFZxc.
A stepwise illustration of the retrosigmoid approach for resection of a cerebellopontine meningioma
Authors: Cıkla Ulaş , Kujoth Gregory C. , Başkaya Mustafa K.
Published: January 2014

The retrosigmoid approach is a work-horse approach to the cerebellopontine angle (CPA), providing access from the foremen magnum to the tentorium. Indications for this approach are variable such as resection of meningiomas, acoustic neuromas and epidermoid tumors, treatment of vascular lesions of vertebrobasilar system, vascular decompression of cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, X), cranial nerve neurectomies, and intrinsic lesions of the cerebellum and brainstem. In this video, we demonstrate the use of retrosigmoid craniotomy for resection of a large CPA meningioma, delineating all steps including positioning, mapping.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/kISkYS16Brk.
Combined petrosal approach for resection of petroclival meningioma
Authors: Asaoka Katsuyuki , Terasaka Shunsuke
Published: January 2014

The authors demonstrate a step-by-step surgical technique of the combined petrosal approach for resection of petroclival meningioma. The basic concept of this approach is the combination of the anterior– and posterior–petrosal approaches uniting the infra- and supratentorial surgical fields, thereby providing wide surgical exposure. Our techniques are featured by 1) mastoidectomy preceding craniotomy for minimal bone loss; 2) removal of the tentorium over the tumor for achieving devascularization and wide exposure; 3) water-tight dural closure by using autologous fascia graft, non-penetrating titanium clips, and multi-layered technique for avoiding postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/zMlNE8kMcHA.
Translabyrinthine resection of small intracanalicular acoustic tumor
Authors: Karampelas Ioannis , Wick Cameron , Semaan Maroun , Megerian Cliff A. , Bambakidis Nicholas C.
Published: January 2014

This case is an example of a translabyrinthine resection of a small intracanalicular acoustic tumor. The patient is a 69-year-old right-handed woman with complaints of progressive incapacitating vertigo and right-sided hearing loss worsening over the past 3 years. She had normal facial nerve function with imaging demonstrating progressive increase in size of a small right-sided acoustic tumor. A translabyrinthine approach was performed, and the mass was resected completely. Facial nerve function remained normal immediately after surgery.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/27ARlLLSbKE.
Left-sided retrosigmoid craniotomy for the resection of a vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Amenta Peter S. , Morcos Jacques J.
Published: January 2014

The cerebellopontine angle is the site for a wide-range of neoplastic and vascular pathologies. The retrosigmoid craniotomy remains the primary means by which to gain surgical access to this anatomically complex region. We present our standard technique for the completion of a retrosigmoid craniotomy and the resection of a left-sided vestibular schwannoma. Anatomy pertinent to the approach, including, the transverse and sigmoid sinuses, cranial nerves, and internal auditory canal (IAC) is displayed. Special emphasis is placed on patient positioning, adequate bone removal, and tumor resection. The drilling of the IAC and tumor dissection from the VII-VIII complex is also highlighted. Hearing preservation was achieved.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/FFZju5vcBi0.
Retrosigmoid craniotomy for resection of acoustic neuroma with hearing preservation: a video publication
Authors: Forbes Jonathan A. , Carlson Matthew L. , Godil Saniya S. , Bennett Marc L. , Wanna George B. , Weaver Kyle D.
Published: January 2014

In this publication, video format is utilized to review the operative technique of retrosigmoid craniotomy for resection of acoustic neuroma with attempted hearing preservation. Steps of the operative procedure are reviewed and salient principles and technical nuances useful in minimizing complications and maximizing efficacy are discussed.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/PBE5rQ7B0Ls.
Left retrosigmoid craniotomy for cavernous malformation of the middle cerebellar peduncle
Authors: Russin Jonathan , Fusco David J. , Spetzler Robert F.
Published: January 2014

We present a 25-year-old female with a history of multiple intracranial cavernous malformations complaining of vertigo. Imaging is significant for increasing size of a lesion in her left cerebellar peduncle. Given the proximity to the lateral border of the cerebellar peduncle, a retrosigmoid approach was chosen. After performing a craniotomy that exposed the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction, the dura was open and reflected. The arachnoid was sharply opened and cerebrospinal fluid was aspirated to allow the cerebellum to fall away from the petrous bone. The cerebellopontine fissure was then opened to visualize the lateral wall of the cerebellar peduncle. The cavernous malformation was entered and resected.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/P7mpVbaCiJE.
Retrosigmoid approach for resection of petrous apex meningioma
Authors: de Souza Daniel G. , Ditzel Filho Leo F. S. , Makonnen Girma , Zoli Matteo , Naudy Cristian , Muto Jun , Prevedello Daniel M.
Published: January 2014

We present the case of a 50-year-old female with a 1-year history of right-side facial numbness, as well as an electric shock-like sensation on the right-side of the face and tongue. She was previously diagnosed with vertigo and trigeminal neuralgia. MRI was obtained showing a large right cerebellopontine angle mass. A retrosigmoid approach was performed and total removal was achieved after dissection of tumor from brainstem and cranial nerves IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. Pathology confirmed the diagnosis of a meningioma (WHO Grade I). The patient was discharged neurologically intact on the third postoperative day free of complications.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/-tR0FtMiUDg.
Cochlear implant placement: round window approach
Authors: Backous Douglas D.
Published: January 2014

The indications for cochlear implantation continue to extend to patients with increased levels of residual hearing. Single-sided deafness and tinnitus are currently under various clinical trials as even further expansion of the application of cochlear implant device and programming technology is underway. This video details a round window and hearing preservation approach for cochlear implant placement, and incorporates the most recent advances in surgical technique.

The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/bDqkbboXrU4.
Introduction: Surgical Approaches to the Cerebellopontine Angle video supplement
Authors: Delashaw Johnny , Mayberg Marc
Published: January 2014

It is with great pleasure and pride we submit this Neurosurgical Focus video supplement on surgical approaches to the CPA angle. We had the privilege of viewing a multitude of videos describing surgical pathology and technique for lesions within the cerebellar pontine angle. The quality of work was outstanding! Hours of review were required to narrow down the videos for this supplement. This issue consists of 23 videos that we feel offer unique surgical pearls to the viewer in clinical evaluation, surgical planning and surgery, and outcomes. The videos are of different clinical problems and offer education for both the novice and expert skull base surgeon. We enjoyed being a part of this project, and feel very proud of its content and authors. We are confident that you will enjoy this supplement.
Die EU Timber Regulation und ihre Konsequenzen für die Schweiz
Authors: Pfannkuch Markus , Zabel Astrid
Published: January 2014

The EU Timber Regulation and its implications for Switzerland

In 2012, almost 96% of all Swiss wood exports were delivered into the European Union (EU). Since March 3rd, 2013, these exports are subject to the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR). Besides the Voluntary Partnership Agreements, this regulation constitutes the second policy package under the EU Forest Law Enforcement, Governance and Trade Action Plan (EU-FLEGT). The first part of this paper discusses the aims of the new timber regulation as a measure to combat illegal logging and illegal timber trade. The second part builds on expert interviews that were conducted with representatives of the industry, ministries, inter-trade organizations, as well as a politician and summarizes first experiences since the implementation of the policy as well as expected implications for the Swiss timber export sector. Moreover, four possible courses of action for Switzerland that were raised in the expert interviews are discussed: 1) integrating the EU Timber Regulation into the regulation on the declaration of wood and wood products, 2) creating a Swiss Timber Regulation in the course of the revision of the environmental protection law, 3) proactively providing information while avoiding a change of laws, and 4) a government guarantee for Swiss wood.
'The holy property of the entirety of the people': The Struggle for the 'German Forest' in Prussia, 1871-1914
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey K.
Published: January 2014

During the nineteenth century, German intellectuals articulated the notion that the nation's identity and social peace were rooted in public access to its forests. In the late nineteenth century, however, the Prussian state sought to tighten property laws, allowing landowners to exert more control over their property and exclude interlopers. First liberals and Catholics, then conservative agrarian reformers and radical nationalists, responded with hostility to these efforts, challenging landowning elites. Whereas the romanticisation of the 'German forest' has long been seen as an expression of landowners' efforts to manipulate national sentiment, these developments illustrate the complicated relationship between nature and nation in the late nineteenth century.
In-vitro Screening of some Chemicals and Biocontrol Agents against Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, the Causal Agent of Soft Rot of Potato (Solanum tuberosum)
Authors: Rashid M , Chowdhury MSM , Sultana N
Published: January 2014

Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora was isolated from the infected potato tuber and was identified by pathological, morphological and biochemical studies. Five chemicals viz. Cupravit 50 WP (Copper oxychloride), Sulcox 50 WP (Copper oxychloride), Champion 77 WP (Copper hydroxide), Indofil M- 45 (Mancozeb) and Bavistin 50 WP (Carbendazim) and five biocontrol agents viz. Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Trichoderma harzianum and Aspergillus flavus were screened out in vitro against the growth of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora by well diffusion method measuring the inhibition zone. Among the chemicals, Sulcox 50 WP (Copper oxychloride) was highly effective against it with 31.00 mm inhibition zone after 48 hours of incubation at 0.2% concentration when 100 ?l/well was used. In case of biocontrol agents, Bacillus subtilis was the best against the bacterium with 16.67 mm inhibition zone after 48 hours of incubation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17480 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 1-9
Productive and Reproductive Performances of Hilly and Jungle Fowl
Authors: Rahman MM , Faruque S , Islam MS , Islam MM , Mahmud A
Published: January 2014

A total of 43 (38 females and 5 males) adult native hilly chicken and 63 day-old chicks (44 hilly and 19 jungle fowl) were studied to understand their productive and reproductive performances under intensive management. The hen day egg production of hilly chicken during 11 months production period was 22.10% and average egg weight was 42.6 g. The adult body weights of female and male birds were 1701 g and 2690 g, respectively. The average daily feed consumption per bird was 101g during laying period. Hatchability of hilly chicken eggs was 91.35%. The day old chick weight of hilly chicken and jungle fowl was 29.4 g and 19.6 g, respectively (P?0.01). The body weight of hilly and jungle fowl were 503.8 g and 344.8 g, respectively, (P?0.05). There was no significant difference between hilly chicken and jungle fowl for feed consumption. Feed conversion ratios (FCR) were 2.80 and 4.4 for hilly chicken and jungle fowl, respectively (P?0.05). Mortality of adult birds during laying period was 16.4% and there was no chick mortality up to 8 weeks of age. Hilly chicken has shown potentiality to be used as meat type chicken. They require to reproduction freely under captivity to have a large number of breeding stocks for undertaking conservation and improvement programme. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17481 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 10-13
Evaluation of Soybean Meal as a Dietary Protein Source on the Performance of Labeo rohita (Ham.) Spawn Reared under Pond Condition
Authors: Jahan DA , Hussain L , Islam MA , Naima A
Published: January 2014

Growth of Labeo rohita spawn, fed on four formulated (almost iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric) diets containing fish meal, soybean meal, mustard oil cake and rice bran along with vitamin and mineral premix was studied at the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during 07 June to 19 July, 2006. Fish meal was replaced by soybean meal at the rates of 0, 25, 50 and 75% in Treatment 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. In a 42-day feeding trial, significantly higher growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and survival rate and slightly higher protein content in carcass were observed in Treatment 2 but the variation was not statistically significant. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17482 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 14-20
Evaluation of Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Genotypes for Higher Yield and Quality
Authors: Rahman MH , Patwary MM Alam , Barua H , Hossain M , Nahar S
Published: January 2014

Four orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) genotypes viz., CIP 194513.15, CIP 194515.15, CIP 441132 and CIP 440267.2 collected from International Potato Centre (CIP) and four BARI (Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute) - hybrid orange flesh sweet potato genotypes viz., H16/06, H19/06, H3/07 and H6/07 were evaluated against BARI SP-3 and BARI SP-4 having orange fleshed at Agricultural Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Pahartali, Chittagong for yield and quality. The highest (31.59 t/ha) tuberous root yield was found in CIP 194513.15 which was followed by CIP 440267.2 (30.97 t/ha) and the lowest yield (13.34 t/ha) was obtained in BARI SP 3. The maximum dry matter (29.83%) was obtained in H6/07 while the minimum dry matter (17.61%) was obtained in CIP 441132. Among the tested genotypes the highest (approximately) Vitamin A (919.2 ?g/100 g RE, FW) was recorded in CIP 440267.2, which had red skin and latex absent flesh and the lowest was (approximately) in H6/07 (Vit A 0.0 ?g/100 g RE, FW). The results of the present study indicated that CIP 440267.2 is suitable among the OFSP genotypes for cultivation in Bangladesh on the basis of yield and quality mainly carotinous. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17483 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 21-27
Effect of Seedling Age and Water Management on the Performance of Boro Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Variety BRRI Dhan28
Authors: Ali MS , Hasan MA , Sikder S , Islam MR , Hafiz MHR
Published: January 2014

A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Crop Physiology and Ecology Department, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh during November 2010 to May 2011 to find out the effect of seedlings age and water management on tillering behavior, growth dynamics, yield and yield contributing characters of BRRI dhan28. The experiment was laid out in two factors randomized complete block design with four replications taking two seedlings age i.e. 15 and 30-d-old seedlings at transplanting and two water management practices viz. continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation. Fifteen-d-old seedlings provided greater ability of tiller production, dry matter accumulation and more leaf area than those of 30-d-old seedlings but the ability was influenced more with intermittent irrigation than continuous flooding. Transplanting of younger seedlings provided more effective tillers hill-1, filled grains panicle-1, thousand grain weight and finally grain yield than those of the older one but the younger seedlings interacted with intermittent irrigation significantly to explore all of these parameters. Fifteen-d-old seedlings of took shorter time to be matured than 30-d-old seedlings in both continuous flooded and intermittent irrigated condition. Again the crop matured 2 days earlier in intermittent irrigated plots than continuous flooded plots for both 15 and 30-d-old seedlings. Finally it may be concluded that transplanting of younger seedlings in combination with intermittent irrigation performed the best in tiller production, growth dynamics, yield and yield contributing characters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17484 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 28-37
Comparison of Growth Performance and Meat Yield of Hilly Chicken under two Feeding Regimens
Authors: Rahman MM , Faruque S , Islam MS , Islam MN , Rashid MA
Published: January 2014

A total of 108 day-old chicks of hilly chicken were randomly allocated to either pellet form of high protein-energy diet (PHPE) or mash form of low protein-energy diet (MLPE) dietary group having 3 replications in each group. Birds were reared in cages and studied upto 10 weeks of age to compare their growth, feed efficiency and meat production under two feeding regimens. Six birds from each feeding regimen at the age of 8 week were slaughtered to analyze the meat yield characteristics. The live weight of the birds fed PHPE diet was significantly higher (699±18) than that of MLPE diet (492 ±10) at 8 weeks of age. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was better in PHPE diet (2.89±0.03) than in MLPE diet (3.22±0.09). The mortality was similar in birds under two different feeding regimens. Live weight (g) and edible parts weight (g) of birds fed on PHPE diet were significantly higher than that of birds fed on MLPE diet. Dressing percentage did not differ significantly between two feeding regimens. It was concluded that native chicken of hilly areas have the potentiality for meat production and they can utilize high protein energy diet more efficiently. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v11i2.17485 The Agriculturists 2013; 11(2) 38-43