bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La hipertextualidad entre literatura y cine: el caso de Charlie y la fábrica de chocolate, de Roald Dahl
Authors: Salido-López José Vicente , Salido-López Pedro V.
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo trata de analizar la esencia del proceso de adaptación cinematográfica de obras literarias a partir del caso concreto de Charlie y la fábrica de chocolate, de Roald Dahl. La adaptación cinematográfica supone una serie de intervenciones en distintos niveles significativos que convierten el proceso en mucho más que en una traducción del elemento literario a lenguaje audiovisual. Las dos versiones cinematográficas de la novela de Dahl nos permitirán comprobar las estrategias que se llevan a cabo en cada uno de esos niveles y explicar las diferencias de los productos finales.
Contemplating Sustainable Coastal Tourism in Balekambang Beach, Indonesia
Authors: S. H. Hengky,
Published: December 2016

Indonesia's tourism development continues to be encouraged for the sake of Indonesia made tourism the number one in the world. In fact, many people believe in tourism 2020 Indonesia so-world examples. The Minister of Tourism, believes the expected increase of 20 million travelers arrived in 2020. Along with the advent of globalization and the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community, the District Government of Malang intends to develop coastal tourism, which is a source of income and constructed within the region, in particular, the field of tourism, in order to compete with other regions, not only domestically, but also abroad. This study aims, is to respond to the regent Malang's aims by contemplating sustainable coastal tourism in Balekambang beach. The result from this study is based on its concept indicating that these destinations are quite friendly environment with the gap of minimizing environment impacts and preserving its environment. The effort of preserve that environment shows the lowest performance on the existing condition. It's validated by the concern of minimizing an environmental impact, needs to be improved. The evidence shows from a previous story about it. Thereby, too many overlapping government-regulations in managing the using of the environment for tourism enterprises (coastal). In addition, utilization an environment for tourism is generally more concerned with the economic contribution to the treasury of the effort to control and sustainable environmental management.
Corporate Financial Constraints and Internal Capital Markets: Evidence from Emerging Countries
Authors: Ugurlu Mine , Altiok-Yilmaz Ayse , Akben-Selcuk Elif
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates whether the internal capital markets of business groups mitigate the financial constraints of affiliated firms,and affect their financing policies.It aims to extend the evidence on internal capital markets to emerging countries where financing constraints are prevalent, and adds to the literature on trade credit by revealing that the distressed group-affiliated firms rely less on trade credit than their non-affiliated counterparts despite the positive relation between trade credit and distress. Group firms that have high investments in prior periods use less trade credit in the subsequent periods than non-affiliated firms. The study rests on panel data regressions covering 3906 firms from six emerging countries for the 2006-2012 period. The findings indicate that the Q-sensitivity of the investments of affiliated firms is lower than that of their unaffiliated counterparts in all countries and that the investment cash flow sensitivity of affiliates is lower in five countries, strongly indicating that group-affiliated firms are financially less constrained. The distressed group firms use significantly lower leverage than distressed unaffiliated firms despite the positive relation between distress and leverage. Group firms in high–Q industries invest less than unaffiliated firms. This paper contributes to the existing literature on internal capital markets by expanding the scope to emerging countries where market imperfections and financing constraints are more pronounced, and provides strong evidence for the role of business groups, prevalent in most emerging countries, in mitigating the constraints on the investments and financing choices of the group-affiliated firms.
Spinal Realignment for Adult Deformity: Three-column Osteotomies Alter Total Hip Acetabular Component Positioning
Authors: Barry Jeffrey J. , Yucekul Altug , Theologis Alexander A. , Hansen Erik N. , Ames Christopher , Deviren Vedat
Published: December 2016

Introduction:

A goal of adult spinal deformity surgery is correction of sagittal imbalance by increasing lumbar lordosis (LL), allowing a previously retroverted pelvis to normalize as evidenced by decreases in pelvic tilt (PT). Realignment of pelvic orientation may alter the position of preexisting total hip arthroplasties (THAs).

Methods:

Twenty-seven patients with unilateral THA who underwent thoracolumbar fusions for adult spinal deformity from the pelvis to L1 or above were retrospectively reviewed (levels fused, 10.3 [range, 6 to 17]; age, 70 ± 9 years). Comparisons of preoperative and postoperative spinal deformity parameters, acetabular tilt (AT), and acetabular cup abduction angle (CAA) were performed, with subgroup analysis for those who had undergone three-column osteotomy and those who had not.

Results:

Preoperative deformity was severe, with findings of a sagittal vertical axis >9 cm, PT >25°, and pelvic incidence-LL >20°. Postoperatively, AT decreased significantly (−7° ± 10°; P < 0.001), signifying relative acetabular retroversion. Comparing patients with three-column osteotomy versus those without, AT changes were greater in those with three-column osteotomy (11° ± 7° and −2 ± 10°, respectively; P = 0.024). AT was significantly correlated with changes of PT (r = 0.704; P < 0.001) and LL (r = −0.481; P = 0.011). AT decreased (ie, retroverted) 1° for every 3.23° of LL or 1.13° of PT correction. The coronal plane CAA did not change substantially.

Discussion:

Spinal deformity correction, with techniques such as three-column osteotomy, result in significant THA acetabular component repositioning in the sagittal plane. Resultant decreased AT (ie, retroversion) theoretically may affect tribology, wear, and joint stability and warrants further investigation.
What is the Affect by Leader Emotion in an Organization? Exploring the Effects of Leader Emotion on Leader Role and Employee Impression
Authors: Lin Mei-Mei
Published: December 2016

Because communication media is existence that leads to public figures change public affairs get easier via their speech statement or article. Above lures makes this work considers character of the leader would significant influence to whole enterprise operation. Therefore this work supposes leader emotion maybe positive emotion or negative emotion would affect the relationship between leader role and employee impression. According to the result of statistical analysis reveals emotion that involve with positive emotion and negative emotion of leader is moderator to influence the relationship between leader role and employee impression. If a company would like to create a designate employee impression style could be focus on leader character also employee impression built upon the leader emotion. Thus this work explains rank- and-file employees impression created will be different in positive leader emotion or negative leader emotion. Emotion of leader would deep and far affect a company through employees indirectly.
The International Criminal Responsibility of Governments in the Process of Globalization
Authors: Foroughi Fazlollah , Mirzaei Mohammad
Published: December 2016

The effects of globalization, is the globalization of responsibilities. Due to globalization, global or international criminal responsibility of the perpetrators of the crime will follow. States as one of the international actors are also not exempt from this, and the issue of criminal responsibility for them, because the rulers of communication and sensitivity to its governance principles, coupled with a lot of complexity. According to the principle of necessity, anticipate criminal responsibility of states to prevent and avoid a lot of international crimes by nature and only with the support and assistance of States in the international dimension, to establish international order and security, in line with the process of globalization is inevitable. However, with the removal of Article 19 of the draft international responsibility of the State, approved by the International Law Commission, represents the most important source of international criminal responsibility of the government, doubt the government, there is no criminal liability, it should be stressed that the elimination of the need for It does not prejudice the existence of numerous international documents and procedures, are an expression of this. The fact is that many of the behaviors that violate the rules of universal acceptance of the international community, can be done only by governments and civil responsibility only for governments to violate the rules of universal and important, in accordance with the principles of justice and international law, such as the need to maintain international peace and order of the international community, that it makes some states of the vacuum to be exploited. In order to resolve ambiguities about the criminal responsibility of the state, should the use of existing capacity of the international community, including the UN and the Security Council, to build the infrastructure and the necessary arrangements for the progressive development of these institutions, such as that for the International Criminal Court done.
Designing Communication Design
Authors: Løvlie Anders Sundnes
Published: December 2016

Innovating in the field of new media genres requires methods for producing designs that can succeed in being disseminated and used outside of design research labs. This article uses the author's experiences with the development of university courses in communication design to address the research question: How can we design courses to give students the competencies they need to work as designers of new media? Based on existing approaches from UX design and other fields, I present a model that has demonstrated its usefulness in the development of commercial products and services. The model emphasises rapid techniques for user research and ideation; genre analysis; use of pitching and storytelling as a form of prototyping; and humanist methods for evaluation and critique.
STRES MENADŽMENT, TIPOVI I NAČIN PRIMJENE ODBRAMBENIH SISTEMA U OTKLANJANJU STRESA NA RADNOM MJESTU
Authors: Hujdurović Emir
Published: December 2016

U radu su predstavljeni elementi koji su karakteristični za stres menadžment u radnim organizacijam, obzirom da je u posljednje vrijeme ovom pitanju posvećena pažnja iz više razloga. Osnovni problem predstavlja to što stres na radnom mjestu utiče na kvalitet rada, zatim uticaj stresa prenosi se na okruženje, porodicu i društvo u cjelini. Značajno za menadžment organizacije je činjenica da je neophodno prepoznati pojavu stresa, a nadalje odrediti koji je tip stresa u pitanju i da li isti direktno utiče na organizaciju, što je kroz nekoliko segmenata prikazano u radu. Završni dio rada posvećen je stategiji kontrole stresa na radnom mjestu.
KONFERENCIJA ZA NOVINARE KAO SPECIJALNI DOGAĐAJ
Authors: Zuber Ljubomir , Božičević Zlatko
Published: December 2016

Da bi događaj bio adekvatno promovisan u javnosti nezaobilazna je podrška medija i za nju je potrebno obezbijediti odgovarajuće uslove. Najotvorenijim metodom promocije može se smatrati konferencija za novinare jer se istovremeno daju informacije i može se čuti povratna reakcija novinara kao predstavnika javnosti i odgovoriti na njihova pitanja koja često obuhvataju i teme koje odstupaju od prvobitno planiranih za konferenciju. Takve teme ne treba odbacivati pod izgovorom da „to nije na dnevnom redu“ već im treba prići sa posebnom pažnjom i upravo na takvim neplaniranim i često „teškim“ i provokativnim pitanjima pokušati ojačati sopstveni imidž ili imidž organizacije u cjelini. Zbog toga je priprema za konferenciju veoma važna posebno u segmentu pažljivog odabira predstavnika organizacije na konferenciji za novinare. Svjedoci smo brojnih neupućenih i nekompetentnih sagovornika koji ne/svjesno narušavaju imidž organizacije pa i na „običnim“, trivijalnim temama ili pitanjima novinara.
SOCIOLOŠKA TEORIJA EMILE DURKHEIM I RAZVOJ PRAVNE SOCIOLOGIJE
Authors: Kustura Mensur
Published: December 2016

Tekst pod naslovom „Sociološka teorija Emile Durkheim i razvoj pravne sociologije“, tematizira ulogu i znaĉenje francuskog sociologa Emile Durkheim u nastanku i razvoju opšte sociologije i pravne sociologije. Emile Durkheim predstavlja jednog od najznaĉajnih sociologa na podruĉju pravne sociologije ne samo u Francuskoj nego i u internacionalnim dimenzijama.
ZAJEDNIČKA TRGOVINSKA POLITIKA EU U LISABONSKOJ ERI
Authors: Savić Biljana
Published: December 2016

Zajedniĉka trgovinska politika EU je bila i ostala jedna od najvaţnijih oblasti vanjskih odnosa Evropske unije. U iskljuĉivoj je nadleţnosti EU još od Rimskog ugovora iz 1957. godine, kada su drţave ĉlanice prihvatile da prenesu suverenitet iz domena trgovinske politike na nadnacionalni nivo. Evropska unija je vodeći svjetski izvoznik i uvoznik robe i najveći izvoznik i uvoznik komercijalnih usluga. MeĊutim, posljednjih godina dolazi do relativnog opadanja trţišne moći EU kao rezultat strukturnih promjena u meĊunarodnoj trgovini. Lisabonski ugovor donosi niz promjena trgovinskoj politici EU sa ciljem jaĉanja uloge EU u svjetskoj areni. Zajedniĉka trgovinska politika EU eksplicitno se proširuje na trgovinu uslugama, trgovinske aspekte prava na intelektualnu svojinu i oblast stranih direktnih investicija. Ugovor integriše trgovinsku i investicionu politiku u oblast vanjske akcije EU i njenim principima formalno podvrgava zajedniĉku trgovinsku politiku. Sa stupanjem na snagu Lisabonskog ugovora, zajedniĉka trgovinska politika EU ulazi u novu, Lisabonsku eru sa ojaĉanom ulogom Evropskog parlamenta u oblikovanju i implementiranju trgovinske politike.
INDIKATORI EKONOMIČNOSTI KORIŠĆENJA KAPACITETA U FUNKCIJI TRŽIŠNOG POZICIONIRANJA
Authors: Đidić Zekija
Published: December 2016

Ekonomiĉnost je parcijalni izraz mezoekonomskog kvaliteta posmatran sa stanovišta trošenja elemenata proizvodnje. Princip ekonomiĉnosti zahtijeva ostvarivanje odreĊene proizvodnje sa što manjim trošenjem elemenata proizvodnje. Trošenje u procesu reprodukcije izraţava se naturalno u vidu fiziĉkih utrošaka elemenata proizvodnje i finansijski u vidu troškova. Ekonomiĉnost moţe biti naturalno i finansijski izraţena. Podsistem ekonomiĉnosti prekriva, pored proizvodne i sferu razmjene. Proizvodna sfera, a posebno razmjenska je odgovorna za ekonomiĉnost. Racionalnim trošenjem elemenata proizvodnje, stvaraju se uslovi za ostvarivanje veće akumulacije viška sredstava. U podsistemu ekonomiĉnosti, rezultati su tretirani kao fiziĉki proizvod (Q) i ukupan prihod (C), a ulaganja kao utrošci (U) i troškovi (T).
PRIMJERI POZITIVNE PRAKSE OBRAZOVANJA IZ PREDUZETNIŠTVA U SVIJETU I PRIMJENA TIH ZNANJA U RS I BIH
Authors: Kecman Branislav
Published: December 2016

Ljudima koji pokreću vlastiti biznis od velike koristi su znanja i odgovarajuća uĉenja i obuke, da bi usvojili odreĊene vještine i znali voditi vlastiti biznis. Stoga drţave, ĉlanice EU, sve više okreću paţnju na promociju preduzetništva u obrazovanju i obuci, ĉime ţele razviti i podrţati interes svojih graĊana za preduzetništvo. Izvještaji Povelje EU pokazuju kako zemlje ĉlanice razraĊuju okvirne programe podrške preduzetniĉkoj inicijativi i pozitivnim stavovima prema preduzetništvu. Pokrenuto je nekoliko novih projekata usmjerenih na srednje škole: projekti kojima se uĉenici stavljaju u direktan kontakt sa preduzetnicima; uĉenicima srednjih škola pomaţe se kako osnovati i razviti firmu; poseban program je program proširenja znanja nastavnika o preduzetništvu.
UPRAVLJANJE TROŠKOVIMA PROJEKTA
Authors: Šušić Ilija
Published: December 2016

Savremena literatura u oblasti raĉunovodstva definiše trošak kao “resurs koji je ţrtvovan ili potrošen radi postizanja konkretnog cilja. Vebsterov rijeĉnik definiše trošak kao „nešto od ĉega se odustaje, kako bi se došlo do neĉega drugog. “ Troškovi projekta predstavljaju novĉana sredstva koja su potrebna i koja se troše u toku realizacije projekta i jedan su od osnovnih faktora upravljanja. S obzirom da projekti imaju cijenu koštanja i koriste resurse koji bi se mogli iskoristiti i na drugi naĉin, veoma je bitno da rukovodioci projekta razumiju razliĉite mogućnosti i prednosti kvalitetnog upravljanja troškovima projekta.Upravljanje troškovima projekta obuhvata procese koji su neophodni za realizaciju projekta u okvriru odo-brenog budţeta. Rukovodioci projekta moraju osigurati da njihovi projekti budu dobro definisani, da imaju dobre procjene vremena i troškova i imaju realistiĉan budţet u ĉijem su usvajanju liĉno uĉestvovali. Posao rukovodioca projekta je da zadovolji stejkholdere, uz stalnu teţnju ka smanjenju i kontroli troškova.Ostvarenje cilja projekta u mnogome zavisi od ispravne procjene troškova i pravilnog budţetiranja prije poĉetka realizacije bilo kojeg projekta, predviĊeni troškovi moraju biti identifikovani i mjerljivi. S druge strane po završetku projekta, svi nastali troškovi moraju biti evidentirani i saĉuvani u nekoj arhivi, kako bi se osigurali kontrolom troškova da su svi nastali troškovi u skladu s poĉetnim oĉekivanjima, u mjeri u kojoj je to moguće.
STRATEŠKI RAZVOJ MALIH I SREDNJIH PREDUZEĆA REPUBLIKE SRPSKE I FEDERACIJE BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE
Authors: Čović Esad
Published: December 2016

Predmet istraţivanja su razvoj malih i srednjih preduzeća, kompanija ili akcionarskih društava u Republici Srpskoj i Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine , sa akcentom na poljoprivredu, poljoprivredno preraĊivaĉke kapacitete, turistiĉka preduzeća iz raznih oblasti kao jedini mogući faktor oporavka preduzeća u krizi i naravno razvoja privrede u Bosni i Hercegovini bez obzira na njene entitete, kantone i distrikt.Novonastalim preduzetnicima, preduzimaĉima i vlasnicima privrednih subjekata u Republici Srpskoj i Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine vjerovatno ovi navodi nisu dovoljno jasni, a vjerovatno i nemaju dovoljan broj struĉnih menadţera koji bi im skrenuli paţnju na novi naĉin poslovanja i opstanka na trţištu kao jasni konkurenti.U ovom sluĉaju trţišna privreda je kapitalistiĉka i ima takmiĉarski duh na evropskom i svjetskom trţištu. Moramo imati na umu da se trţišna privreda odvija po principu navedene teorije igara pri ĉemu se dobit stavlja u isti kontekst ravnopravnosti pobjednik-gubitnik kao kod igre na sreću znanja i sposobnosti.Mala i srednja preduzeća u Republici srpskoj i Federaciji Bosne i Hercegovine nisu imuna na vanjske udare koji dolaze globalizacijom odnosa Evropske unije pa se to ukazuje kao neophodnost definisanja njihove razvojne strategije koji u principu radi opstanka sva preduzeća moraju imati kako smo već rekli jasan strateški razvoj za radi liĉnih interesa.
Top 100 Cited Foot and Ankle–Related Articles
Authors: DeHeer Patrick A. , Adams William , Grebenyuk Faye-Rose , Meshulam Eric , Miskin Kory , Koch Tiffany Truong , Groh Corey
Published: December 2016

Background: Article citations are a well-accepted method of evaluating the influence or impact of a particular article. Other medical specialties have published the top cited articles in their specialty. To date, an analysis of the foot and ankle podiatric medicine–related article citation method has not been published.

Methods: Three citation indices were used on October 10, 2014, February 20, 2015, and May 1, 2015, to determine the top 100 cited foot and ankle–related articles.

Results: Most of the top 100 cited foot and ankle podiatric medicine–related articles were published in The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery by medical doctors in the United States in the past two decades, with most of the article topics being the diabetic foot or trauma. The predominant level of evidence for the articles is evenly distributed among levels III, IV, and V.

Conclusions: Podiatric medical research and publication has made great strides during the past two decades, particularly in the diabetic foot, but continued research and peer-reviewed journal publication in additional areas regarding the foot and ankle must become a priority in the podiatric medical community.
The Effect of Walking Speed on Foot Kinematics is Modified When Increased Pronation is Induced
Authors: Hornestam Joana F. , Souza Thales R. , Arantes Paula , Ocarino Juliana , Silva Paula L.
Published: December 2016

Background: The relation between walking speed and foot kinematics during gait is not well established, and neither is it clear whether this relation is modified in the presence of factors expected to increase pronation (eg, abnormal foot alignment). Understanding how foot kinematics is affected by walking speed under varying conditions could contribute to our understanding of stresses to the musculoskeletal system during walking. We evaluated the effect of walking speed on foot kinematics in the frontal plane during gait and determined whether this effect is modified by using medially inclined insoles that force the foot into increased pronation.

Methods: Twenty-six healthy young adults were assessed while walking on a treadmill wearing flat insoles and wearing medially inclined insoles. Foot kinematics in the frontal plane was measured with a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Data were analyzed during the stance phase of gait.

Results: There was no main effect of speed on average calcaneal position. However, there was a significant insole type × walking speed interaction effect. In the flat insole condition, increased walking speed was associated with a less inverted average calcaneal position (or greater magnitudes of eversion), whereas in the inclined insole condition, higher speeds were associated with a less everted average calcaneal position (or increased magnitudes of inversion).

Conclusions: The magnitude of foot eversion increases at faster gait speeds under typical conditions. In the presence of factors that induce excessive pronation, however, this effect is reversed. Results suggest that individuals use greater active control of foot motion at faster speeds in the presence of excessive pronation to improve push-off efficiency. Potential clinical consequences of this functional strategy are discussed.
Dendritic trafficking faces physiologically critical speed-precision tradeoffs
Authors: Williams Alex H , O'Donnell Cian , Sejnowski Terrence J , O'Leary Timothy
Published: December 2016

Nervous system function requires intracellular transport of channels, receptors, mRNAs, and other cargo throughout complex neuronal morphologies. Local signals such as synaptic input can regulate cargo trafficking, motivating the leading conceptual model of neuron-wide transport, sometimes called the ‘sushi-belt model’ (Doyle and Kiebler, 2011). Current theories and experiments are based on this model, yet its predictions are not rigorously understood. We formalized the sushi belt model mathematically, and show that it can achieve arbitrarily complex spatial distributions of cargo in reconstructed morphologies. However, the model also predicts an unavoidable, morphology dependent tradeoff between speed, precision and metabolic efficiency of cargo transport. With experimental estimates of trafficking kinetics, the model predicts delays of many hours or days for modestly accurate and efficient cargo delivery throughout a dendritic tree. These findings challenge current understanding of the efficacy of nucleus-to-synapse trafficking and may explain the prevalence of local biosynthesis in neurons.
Binocular matching of thalamocortical and intracortical circuits in the mouse visual cortex
Authors: Gu Yu , Cang Jianhua
Published: December 2016

Visual cortical neurons are tuned to similar orientations through the two eyes. The binocularly-matched orientation preference is established during a critical period in early life, but the underlying circuit mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we optogenetically isolated the thalamocortical and intracortical excitatory inputs to individual layer 4 neurons and studied their binocular matching. In adult mice, the thalamic and cortical inputs representing the same eyes are similarly tuned and both are matched binocularly. In mice before the critical period, the thalamic input is already slightly matched, but the weak matching is not manifested due to random connections in the cortex, especially those serving the ipsilateral eye. Binocular matching is thus mediated by orientation-specific changes in intracortical connections and further improvement of thalamic matching. Together, our results suggest that the feed-forward thalamic input may play a key role in initiating and guiding the functional refinement of cortical circuits in critical period development.
Urinary Concentrations of Organophosphate Flame-Retardant Metabolites in the US Population
Authors: Huang Yu-Song , Shi Hui-Zhong , Huang Xi , Pan Yi-Ming , Wang Yu-Chen , Gao Zi-Jun , Jiang Pei-Yao , Yang Wen-Yi
Published: September 2024

Importance

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are an important group of pollutants associated with endocrine disorders, cancer, and nephrotoxicity. However, temporal trends in OPFR metabolite concentrations remain understudied.

Objectives

To examine changes in urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among US children, youths, and adults from 2011 to 2020, and to evaluate whether sociodemographic factors were associated with variations in temporal trends.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based cross-sectional study used data from 4 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2020 [to March 2020 before the COVID-19 pandemic]). The study included children and youths (aged 6-19 years) and adults (aged ≥20 years) with valid urinary concentrations of the following OPFR metabolites: bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEtP), bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPhP), and dibutyl phosphate (DBuP). Data analysis was performed between February and May 2024.

Exposures

Calendar year and key sociodemographic subgroups (age, race and ethnicity, sex, educational attainment, and poverty-to-income ratio).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among children, youths, and adults. Survey-weighted linear regression models were applied to estimate trends.

Results

The study population of 10 549 NHANES participants included 3154 children and youths (mean [SE] age, 12.5 [0.1] years; 51.2% were male) and 7395 adults (mean [SE] age, 47.8 [0.4] years; 52.0% were women). Among children and youths, mean (95% CI) BCEtP concentrations decreased from 0.68 (0.60-0.77) μg/L in 2011-2012 to 0.41 (0.37-0.45) μg/L in 2017-2020 (P for trend < .001). Among adults, mean (95% CI) BCEtP concentrations decreased from 0.43 (0.37-0.50) μg/L in 2011-2012 to 0.29 (0.27-0.33) μg/L in 2017-2020 (P for trend < .001), and mean BCPP concentrations decreased from 0.15 (0.14-0.17) μg/L to 0.13 (0.12-0.14) μg/L (P for trend = .002). Parent level of educational attainment was associated with concentrations of BCPP and BCEtP among children and youths; however, no significant differences among adults were observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study identified variations in temporal trends in urinary concentrations of OPFR metabolites among the US population from 2011 to 2020. In addition, substantial disparities in exposure levels persisted among children with different levels of parent educational attainment. These findings suggest that policy makers should consider socioeconomic factors to further reduce OPFR exposure and promote equity, ensuring a safe living environment for all individuals.
Predicting Suicides Among US Army Soldiers After Leaving Active Service
Authors: Kennedy Chris J. , Kearns Jaclyn C. , Geraci Joseph C. , Gildea Sarah M. , Hwang Irving H. , King Andrew J. , Liu Howard , Luedtke Alex , Marx Brian P. , Papini Santiago , Petukhova Maria V. , Sampson Nancy A. , Smoller Jordan W. , Wolock Charles J. , Zainal Nur Hani , Stein Murray B. , Ursano Robert J. , Wagner James R. , Kessler Ronald C.
Published: September 2024

Importance

The suicide rate of military servicemembers increases sharply after returning to civilian life. Identifying high-risk servicemembers before they leave service could help target preventive interventions.

Objective

To develop a model based on administrative data for regular US Army soldiers that can predict suicides 1 to 120 months after leaving active service.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this prognostic study, a consolidated administrative database was created for all regular US Army soldiers who left service from 2010 through 2019. Machine learning models were trained to predict suicides over the next 1 to 120 months in a random 70% training sample. Validation was implemented in the remaining 30%. Data were analyzed from March 2023 through March 2024.

Main outcome and measures

The outcome was suicide in the National Death Index. Predictors came from administrative records available before leaving service on sociodemographics, Army career characteristics, psychopathologic risk factors, indicators of physical health, social networks and supports, and stressors.

Results

Of the 800 579 soldiers in the cohort (84.9% male; median [IQR] age at discharge, 26 [23-33] years), 2084 suicides had occurred as of December 31, 2019 (51.6 per 100 000 person-years). A lasso model assuming consistent slopes over time discriminated as well over all but the shortest risk horizons as more complex stacked generalization ensemble machine learning models. Test sample area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.87 (SE = 0.06) for suicides in the first month after leaving service to 0.72 (SE = 0.003) for suicides over 120 months. The 10% of soldiers with highest predicted risk accounted for between 30.7% (SE = 1.8) and 46.6% (SE = 6.6) of all suicides across horizons. Calibration was for the most part better for the lasso model than the super learner model (both estimated over 120-month horizons.) Net benefit of a model-informed prevention strategy was positive compared with intervene-with-all or intervene-with-none strategies over a range of plausible intervention thresholds. Sociodemographics, Army career characteristics, and psychopathologic risk factors were the most important classes of predictors.

Conclusions and relevance

These results demonstrated that a model based on administrative variables available at the time of leaving active Army service can predict suicides with meaningful accuracy over the subsequent decade. However, final determination of cost-effectiveness would require information beyond the scope of this report about intervention content, costs, and effects over relevant horizons in relation to the monetary value placed on preventing suicides.
Iridium Single‐Atom‐Ensembles Stabilized on Mn‐Substituted Spinel Oxide for Durable Acidic Water Electrolysis
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Gil‐Sepulcre Marcos , Lee Jinsun , Bui Viet Q. , Wang Yue , Rüdiger Olaf , Kim Min Gyu , DeBeer Serena , Tüysüz Harun
Published: September 2024

Exploring single‐atom‐catalysts for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of paramount importance for cost‐effective hydrogen production via acidic water electrolyzers. However, the limited durability of most single‐atom‐catalysts and Ir/Ru‐based oxides under harsh acidic OER conditions, primarily attributed to excessive lattice oxygen participation resulting in metal‐leaching and structural collapse, hinders their practical application. Herein, an innovative strategy is developed to fabricate short‐range Ir single‐atom‐ensembles (IrSAE) stabilized on the surface of Mn‐substituted spinel Co3O4 (IrSAE‐CMO), which exhibits excellent mass activity and significantly improved durability (degradation‐rate: ≈2 mV h−1), outperforming benchmark IrO2 (≈44 mV h−1) and conventional Irsingle‐atoms on pristine‐Co3O4 for acidic OER. First‐principle calculations reveal that Mn‐substitution in the octahedral sites of Co3O4 substantially reduces the migration energy barrier for Irsingle‐atoms on the CMO surface compared to pristine‐Co3O4, facilitating the migration of Irsingle‐atoms to form strongly correlated IrSAE during pyrolysis. Extensive ex situ characterization, operando X‐ray absorption and Raman spectroscopies, pH‐dependence activity tests, and theoretical calculations indicate that the rigid IrSAE with appropriate Ir–Ir distance stabilized on the CMO surface effectively suppresses lattice oxygen participation while promoting direct O─O radical coupling, thereby mitigating Ir‐dissolution and structural collapse, boosting the stability in an acidic environment.
Mimicking Antiferroelectrics with Ferroelectric Superlattices
Authors: Yin Chunhai , Li Yaqi , Zatterin Edoardo , Rusu Dorin , Stylianidis Evgenios , Hadjimichael Marios , Aramberri Hugo , Iñiguez‐González Jorge , Conroy Michele , Zubko Pavlo
Published: September 2024

Antiferroelectric oxides are promising materials for applications in high‐density energy storage, solid‐state cooling, and negative capacitance devices. However, the range of oxide antiferroelectrics available today is rather limited. In this work, it is demonstrated that antiferroelectric properties can be electrostatically engineered in artificially layered ferroelectric superlattices. Using a combination of synchrotron X‐ray nanodiffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, macroscopic electrical measurements, and lateral and vertical piezoresponse force microscopy in parallel‐plate capacitor geometry, a highly reversible field‐induced transition is observed from a stable in‐plane polarized state to a state with in‐plane and out‐of‐plane polarized nanodomains that mimics, at the domain level, the nonpolar to polar transition of traditional antiferroelectrics, with corresponding polarization‐voltage double hysteresis and comparable energy storage capacity. Furthermore, it is found that such superlattices exhibit large out‐of‐plane dielectric responses without involving flux‐closure domain dynamics. These results demonstrate that electrostatic and strain engineering in artificially layered materials offers a promising route for the creation of synthetic antiferroelectrics.
Toward a Radically Simple Multi‐Modal Nasal Spray for Preventing Respiratory Infections
Authors: Joseph John , Baby Helna Mary , Quintero Joselyn Rojas , Kenney Devin , Mebratu Yohannes A , Bhatia Eshant , Shah Purna , Swain Kabir , Lee Dongtak , Kaur Shahdeep , Li Xiang‐Ling , Mwangi John , Snapper Olivia , Nair Remya , Agus Eli , Ranganathan Sruthi , Kage Julian , Gao Jingjing , Luo James N , Yu Anthony , Park Dongsung , Douam Florian , Tesfaigzi Yohannes , Karp Jeffrey M , Joshi Nitin
Published: September 2024

Nasal sprays for pre‐exposure prophylaxis against respiratory infections show limited protection (20–70%), largely due to their single mechanism of action—either neutralizing pathogens or blocking their entry at the nasal lining, and a failure to maximize the capture of respiratory droplets, allowing them to potentially rebound and reach deeper airways. This report introduces the Pathogen Capture and Neutralizing Spray (PCANS), which utilizes a multi‐modal approach to enhance efficacy. PCANS coats the nasal cavity, capturing large respiratory droplets from the air, and serving as a physical barrier against a broad spectrum of viruses and bacteria, while rapidly neutralizing them with over 99.99% effectiveness. The formulation consists of excipients identified from the FDA's Inactive Ingredient Database and Generally Recognized as Safe list to maximize efficacy for each step in the multi‐modal approach. PCANS demonstrates nasal retention for up to 8 hours in mice. In a severe Influenza A mouse model, a single pre‐exposure dose of PCANS leads to a >99.99% reduction in lung viral titer and ensures 100% survival, compared to 0% in the control group. PCANS suppresses pathological manifestations and offers protection for at least 4 hours. This data suggest PCANS as a promising daily‐use prophylactic against respiratory infections.
Constitutive Androstane Receptor Regulates Germ Cell Homeostasis, Sperm Quality, and Male Fertility via Akt‐Foxo1 Pathway
Authors: Monrose Mélusine , Holota Hélène , Martinez Guillaume , Damon‐Soubeyrand Christelle , Thirouard Laura , Martinot Emmanuelle , Battistelli Edwige , de Haze Angélique , Bravard Stéphanie , Tamisier Christelle , Caira Françoise , Coutton Charles , Barbotin Anne‐Laure , Boursier Angèle , Lakhal Laila , Beaudoin Claude , Volle David H.
Published: September 2024

Male sexual function can be disrupted by exposure to exogenous compounds that cause testicular physiological alterations. The constitutive androstane receptor (Car) is a receptor for both endobiotics and xenobiotics involved in detoxification. However, its role in male fertility, particularly in regard to the reprotoxic effects of environmental pollutants, remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of the Car signaling pathway in male fertility. In vivo, in vitro, and pharmacological approaches are utilized in wild‐type and Car‐deficient mouse models. The results indicate that Car inhibition impaired male fertility due to altered sperm quality, specifically histone retention, which is correlated with an increased percentage of dying offspring in utero. The data highlighted interactions among Car, Akt, Foxo1, and histone acetylation. This study demonstrates that Car is crucial in germ cell homeostasis and male fertility. Further research on the Car signaling pathway is necessary to reveal unidentified causes of altered fertility and understand the harmful impact of environmental molecules on male fertility and offspring health.
Magneto‐Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis: Boosting Nitrite Reduction Activity by the Optimized Magnetic Field Induced Spin Polarized System
Authors: Adalder Ashadul , Mitra Koushik , Barman Narad , Thapa Ranjit , Bhowmick Sourav , Ghorai Uttam Kumar
Published: September 2024

Using low and optimized magnetic field along with electric field is a novel strategy to facilitate electrochemical nitrite reduction reaction (NO2RR). Herein, the magnetic field assisted electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis employing spin‐thrusted β‐MnPc at 95 mT magnetic field is explored. The calculated rate of ammonia generation is 16603.4 µg h−1 mgcat−1, which is almost twice that of the nonpolarized manganese phthalocyanine (MnPc) catalyst. Additionally, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) at –0.9 V versus RHE is found to be 92.9%, significantly higher compared to the nonpolarized MnPc catalyst. In presence of external magnetic field, MnPc catalysts provide a better electron transfer channel which results in a lower charge transfer resistance and hence better electrochemical performances. Density functional theory (DFT) result further verifies that magnetic field induced β‐MnPc has a lower potential barrier (0.51 eV) for the protonation of NO* than nonpolarized β‐MnPc (1.08 eV), which confirms the enhanced electrochemical nitrite reduction to ammonia.
Revealing the Internal Structure of the Great Tumulus of Apollonia by Means of Seismic Tomography
Authors: Bogiatzis Petros , Vargemezis George , Tsokas Gregory , Amanatidou Eftychia , Karamitrou Alexandra , Karaoulis Marios
Published: September 2024

The Great Tumulus of Apollonia in northern Greece, with a diameter of ~100 m and a height of 19 m, is among the largest of its kind in the region of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia. It is located north of the ancient city of Apollonia and recently became the focus of limited archaeological excavations, which revealed a looted Macedonian tomb. Archaeological findings and other evidence from the tumulus and its surroundings suggest that it may have been used more than once; therefore, the existence of more tombs in its interior is possible. In this work, we investigate the internal structure of the monument by means of 3‐D seismic travel time tomography. Using direct sparse methods, we calculate efficiently the full model resolution matrix that allows us to investigate the robustness of the tomographic model. Our results suggest a complex structure with variable properties between the east and the western side of the tumulus. We also detect several regions that may be associated with additional burial locations or other possible targets of archaeological interest.
Ein Ausblick auf das Zusammenspiel von Faltprozess und Drapierbarkeit der Textilbewehrung
Authors: Bhat Shantanu , Heins Kira , Bertram Christian , Reinertz Olivier , Schmitz Katharina , Gries Thomas
Published: September 2024

Die Herstellung von textilbewehrten (TRC) Betonbauteilen, insbesondere durch Preforming, beruht traditionell stark auf iterativen Prozessen und Entscheidungen. Dieser Ansatz ist zwar bei bestimmten etablierten TRC‐Anwendungen effektiv, führt aber zu einem erheblichen Planungsaufwand und birgt das Risiko des Übersehens von technisch oder wirtschaftlich vorteilhafteren Alternativen. In diesem Beitrag wird vorgeschlagen, die Prinzipien der gefalteten tragenden Strukturen als Grundlage für die Produktionslinie von TRC‐Komponenten zu nutzen. Diese neuartige Methodik bedingt sowohl Material‐ als auch Prozessanforderungen und konzentriert sich auf die Verwendung von gefalteten Schalungen und deren Auswirkungen auf die Drapierbarkeit von Bewehrungstextilien. Ausgehend von ersten Erkenntnissen aus dem Bereich der Faltschalung und der Analyse der Drapierbarkeit von textilen Gitterbewehrungen werden die Zusammenhänge und Abhängigkeiten zwischen dem Material „Textil“, dem Prozess „Faltschalung“ und dem Produkt „gefaltete tragende TRC‐Strukturen“ aufgezeigt sowie die Herausforderungen dieser Teilgebiete offengelegt. Auf diese Weise soll die Studie die Produktionsplanung rationalisieren, die Abhängigkeit von traditionellen Methoden verringern und Wege für die Einbeziehung innovativer Materialien und Prozesse in die TRC‐Produktion eröffnen. Der Ansatz birgt ein erhebliches Potenzial für die wirtschaftliche Rentabilität von gefalteten tragenden TRC‐Strukturen.
Visible‐light enhanced tetracycline degradation via SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO ternary heterostructures
Authors: Sheela Johnrose Arul Hency , Kunapalli Chaitanya Kumar , Saravanan P. , Radhakrishnan Kothalam , Dinesh Ayyar , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Praburaman L. , Nivetha M. Sherlin
Published: September 2024

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of a SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO nanocomposite for tetracycline (TC) degradation under visible light irradiation. The nanocomposite was precisely designed to enhance structural stability, charge transfer efficiency, and catalytic activity. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the structural integrity of the SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO composite, demonstrating excellent reusability and resistance to photo‐corrosion after multiple cycles. Photocatalytic experiments revealed that the SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO nanocomposite significantly outperformed individual SnO2/TiO2‐Ni and rGO catalysts, achieving a remarkable 94.6% degradation of TC within 60 min. The degradation process followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, with a rate constant (k) of 0.046 min−1. The Z‐scheme charge transfer mechanism facilitated efficient separation and migration of photogenerated charge carriers, generating reactive oxygen species such as superoxide (•O2−) and hydroxyl (•OH) radicals crucial for the oxidation of TC. Radical scavenger studies confirmed that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals were the primary active species. The SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO composite also exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining high catalytic performance over four consecutive cycles. These findings suggest that the SnO2/TiO2‐Ni@rGO nanocomposite is a promising candidate for the efficient and sustainable photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants like TC, offering significant potential for environmental remediation applications.
Self‐reported immune status and COVID‐19 associated subjective cognitive functioning in post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: Examination of an Irish cohort
Authors: Holland Jessica , Brown Sinead , O'Flanagan Susan , Savinelli Stefano , McCann Kathleen , Gaynor Keith , Mallon Patrick , Feeney Eoin , Kenny Grace , Boyd Christine , O'Keeffe Fiadhnait , Bramham Jessica
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Cognitive changes are very frequently reported by people with post‐COVID‐19 syndrome (PCS), but there is limited understanding of the underpinning mechanisms leading to these difficulties. It is possible that cognitive difficulties are related to immune status and/or low mood. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between immune status and cognitive functioning in PCS, while considering whether depression symptoms also influence this association.

Methods

Participants were recruited in an online study of cognitive and psychological consequences of PCS, involving individuals attending a post‐COVID clinic in an acute general hospital in Ireland, and a comparison sample of age‐ and sex‐matched community controls who had also been infected with COVID‐19 but had not experienced PCS. Participants with PCS (n = 71) and community controls (n = 50) completed the immune status questionnaire, Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy‐Fatigue Scale (FACIT‐F).

Results

Significant differences were observed between groups in terms of perceived immune status, perceived cognitive function, depression scores, and fatigue, with the “PCS” group reporting lower immune status, more cognitive difficulties, and higher levels of depression and fatigue. Regression analysis in the PCS group indicated that immune status and depression significantly contributed to variance in subjective cognitive functioning, with immune status remaining a significant predictor of cognitive functioning scores even when accounting for depression, fatigue, and other covariates related to PCS, such as Body Mass Index (BMI).

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that subjective cognitive functioning is influenced by self‐reported immune status in PCS, emphasising the importance of immune status, cognitive, and mood screening as part of routine clinical care in PCS.