bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE USE OF SEWAGE SLUDGE OF LARGE CITIES AND INDUSTRIAL CENTRES OF UKRAINE AS UNCONVENTIONAL ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
Authors: Dyshliuk V. Ye. , Harkavyi S. І.
Published: October 2020

Objective. Study ecological, hygienic and radio-ecological parameters of sewage sludge (SS) of large cities and industrial centres of Ukraine, which were formed under the influence of constantly growing technogenesis; establish the degree of waste pollution and give ecological and hygienicassessment of their suitability for systemic use in agriculture as unconventional organic fertilizers. Methods. Sanitary-microbiological, helminthological, toxicological (physical, radiochemical), comparative-analytical, statistical. Results. It was shown that under the conditions of constantlygrowing technogenesis, ecological and hygienic parameters of the studied SS after the final keepingon sludge beds were predominantly suitable for application as fertilizers. A group of cities whereSS have a high level of biological pollution and require more effective disinfection has been allocated. At the same time, in terms of the level of radioactive contamination, these SS predominantlycorrespond to the modern regional γ-background and belong to the category of radioactively contaminated. Conclusion. Ecological, hygienic and radioecological parameters of SS of large citiesand industrial centres of Ukraine, which were formed under the conditions of growing technogenesis in the pre-crisis period (and man-made accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant), afterfinal keeping on sludge beds generally meet the requirements for use as unconventional organic fertilizers. A group of cities where SS should be subject to more efficient decontamination due to biological pollution, a sufficient level of which can be achieved by adhering to technological processesin the treatment cycle at treatment plants, longer holding period on sludge beds (3 years or more),or biothermal processing with carbon-containing fillers to biocompost has been established.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF NICKEL NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Derevianko S. V. , Vasylchenko A. V. , Maharramzade N. I.
Published: October 2020

Objective. Study the biological activity of nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs) against pathogenic viruses and fungi, pathogens of farm animals and plants, investigate their bactericidal and growthregulating properties. Methods. Virological, microbiological and statistical. Virucidal activity of NiNPs was evaluated by the difference of virus titres in the control and under the action of NPs, bactericidal — by the difference of bacterial titres, fungicidal and fungistatic — by the difference of diameters of fungal colonies, growth-regulating — by the difference in leaf blade length and roots ofgerms of winter wheat. The antiviral activity of NPs was determined in the culture of versenalisedembryonic porcine kidney cells. Bactericidal activity was investigated in a liquid digest medium.Fungistatic activity was determined on wort agar. Wheat germs were germinated in Petri dishesaccording to generally accepted methods. The viral titre was calculated by Reed-Muench method.The bacterial titre was determined by seeding the suspensions on agar medium. Statistical processing was performed in Microsoft Office Excel and statsoft STATISTICA 12, using Student's t-test,post-hoc tests: Fisher’s least significant difference test and Duncan’s new multiple range test.Results. It was found that Ni NPs show high virucidal activity against Teschovirus A strainDniprovskyi-34, reducing the virus titre by 2.46 lg TCD50/cm3, and have a chemotherapeutic indexof 4. Ni NPs have low fungistatic activity against Acremonium cucurbitacearum 502, reducing theaverage diameter of colonies by 6.58 to 20.22 %. Regarding Acremonium strictum 048 and Fusarium sp. 072, Ni NPs have a slight stimulating activity, increasing the average diameter of the colonies by 10.18 to 12.44 % and 14.84 to 22.18 %, respectively. Under the action of Ni NPs, the titre ofBacillus subtilis ІМВ В-7023 and Pseudomonas chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens UKM B-306(2687) upon the cultivation of bacteria in meat-peptone broth significantly (by 80.96 to 82.77 %and 15.67 to 36.39 %, respectively) increases. Ni NPs exhibits growth-promoting properties onwheat germs, increasing the average length of leaf blades and roots by 41.79 and 36.76 %, respectively. Conclusion. According to the study findings, Ni NPs cannot be recommended for the creation of antifungal preparations. Further research is needed to develop Ni NP-based antiviral preparations, virucidal and disinfecting agents, growth- regulating products for cultivated plants, and toincrease the titre of beneficial soil bacteria.
EFFICIENCY OF NANOCOMPOSITE COMPLEX OF BACTERIAL PREPARATION AZOHRAN IN MILLET CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Liubchych О. H. , Hryshchenko R. Ye. , Hliieva О. V. , Roi А. О. , Kurdysh І. К.
Published: October 2020

Objective. Determine the efficiency of bacterization of millet seeds with a complex nanocomposite bacterial preparation Azohran (Azohran-nano) depending on the growing conditions of the culture; establish the effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with a biopreparation on the productivity of agrocenoses. Methods. Field experiment (to assess the influence of the studied factors onthe growth and development of plants and millet yield), measuring- and weight-based, economiccalculations, statistical. Results. During three-year observations, a positive effect of mineral fertilizers and pre-sowing inoculation of millet seeds with Azohran-nano on plant height, plant weightgain, heads weight and crop productivity was established. The height of plants in the variant withbacterization of seeds when growing millet without fertilizers in the stalking phase was higher by5.6 % than the corresponding parameters of the control variant and with the concomitant use offertilizers and bacterization this figure increased to 8.1 %. Seed inoculation had a positive effect onthe weight of millet heads.The efficiency of bacterization in the cultivation of the crop at the background without fertilizers was 6.3 %, and when the plants were cultivated using nutrition with nitrogen during the growing season, this figure increased by 11.5 %. The highest yields of millet were reported for seedtreatment with Azohran-nano. Yield in the control variant was 3.75 t/ha, while after the bacterization of seeds with the preparation, crop productivity increased by 16.5 % Upon the interaction between mineral fertilizers with nanocomposite preparation, parameters increased by 19.9–28.6 %.Under the influence of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds, the cost of 1 tonne of grain decreased, andthe net operating profit increased. Conclusion. The use of nanocomposite complex of the preparation Azohran-nano in millet cultivation technologies promotes the growth and development ofplants, increases crop productivity and is a highly efficient agricultural measure.
Lesson Learned... Again
Authors: Vasylyeva Olga
Published: October 2020

Epidemics provide learning opportunities. But some lessons from previous outbreaks became repetitive.
Possible Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) Inhibitors for Reducing Effects of Blood Glucose and also Blood Pressure
Authors: H Bando
Published: October 2020

Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) has been in focus for the pharmacotherapy of diabetes. SGLT2i contributes to decreasing blood pressure (BP) to some degree. BP changes were analyzed in 4 well-known mega-studies. They are Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients-Removing Excess Glucose (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) study, Canagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS), Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE) and Dapagliflozin Effect on CardiovascuLAR Events (DECLARE)-TIMI 58. The ultimate goal of antihypertensive and hypoglycemic agents is not the achievement of target values, but the suppression of cardiovascular events. SGLT-2i show excellent strategy for event suppression and adjunct method for hypertension.
Management of Narcotics Recidivist Prisoners
Authors: Putra Adi
Published: October 2020

Repetition of criminal acts or recidivists is a familiar phenomenon in Indonesia, especially acts of narcotics user recidivate, many factors cause a person to repeat his crime, such as economic interests, limited employment, low levels of education is a common problem someone takes a shortcut to get economic success. Correctional Institutions are expected to be able to become a place to return prisoners to become members of the community that are useful for themselves family and also the community but the reality is not as expected. The problem that will be discussed in the writing of this journal is to analyze the factors and how to deal with narcotics addicts so that they do not repeat their actions. Writing this journal uses qualitative methods and data obtained from Literature studies and Document studies. Based on the results of the Analysis of Literature studies and Document studies as well as previous research and discussion by the author emphasizes that the criminal process is said to fail when others commit the same and recurring crimes, and the factors that influence a person to become a narcotics addict to become recidivism are internal and external factors
The Effect of Viral Marketing on Purchase Decision with Customer Trust as Intervening Variable
Authors: Aprillio Rio Garia , Widodo Arry
Published: October 2020

The study aims to determine the level of influence of viral marketing on purchasing decisions through customer trust in favehotel Hyper Square Bandung. The condition shows more eagerness on their business, the more enhancement on its services. The variables in this study are viral marketing as an independent variable, purchasing decision as a dependent variable, and customer trust as an intervening variable. The used method of this study was a quantitative method with the type of research of descriptive associative with a sample of 400 respondents. The used sampling technique in this study was non-probability sampling. The used methods of data analysis in this research were descriptive analysis method and structural equation modeling (SEM). Data processing was performed by using SmartPLS 3.0 software for Windows. Research Result: (1) Viral marketing variable (X) has an influence significant with intervening variables of customer trust (Z). (2) The effect of intervening variable customer trust (Z)hasn an influence significant on purchase decision (Y). (3) The effect of viral marketing (X) has an influence significant on purchase decision (Y). (4) The indirect effect between viral marketing (X) and purchase decision (Y) through intervening variable customer trust (Z) has a positive indirect effect of 0.296 and t-statistics value of 9.950> 1.96, which means significant.
Sentiment Analysis of West Java International Airport (Bijb) Kertajati on Twitter
Authors: Intan Oka , Widiyanesti Sri
Published: October 2020

The rapid development of technology allows everything to accessed by the internet that causes many users of social media and one of the social media is Twitter. An interesting topic to discuss on Twitter is about new and fresh things that attract many users to get involved. One of the things that attract Twitter users is the construction of a new airport, namely Kertajati Airport, which has some problems with airport activities, such as the small number of visitors, lonely conditions of the airport, and decreased number of routes. This study aims to find out Twitter user sentiments towards Kertajati Airport in West Java to know the quality of Kertajati Airport. The method used in this study is sentiment analysis by looking at the calculation of how many positive and negative sentiment have been obtained with the most result so it can reflect the quality of Kertajati Airport and then there is a word cloud to see the spread of word related to sentiment. The results of this study indicate that the quality of the Kertajati Airport cannot be said to be good because the results of the sentiment analysis found that negative sentiments have more percentages than positive sentiments
The Effect of Marketing Strategy and Promotion Activities on Marketing Performance of Ritail Business
Authors: Suhandi Suhandi
Published: October 2020

Today's retail industry is experiencing rapid development along with technological advances and the construction of supporting facilities. Tangerang is one of the cities that is part of the Banten Province which is growing rapidly. rapid modernization affected the city, making it one of the largest cities in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of marketing strategies and promotional activities on the marketing performance of Retail Business Actors in Mall Plaza Bintaro. The method used was explanatory research with a sample of 96 respondents. The analysis technique uses statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study the marketing strategy has a significant effect on marketing performance by 38.2%, the hypothesis test obtained t count> t table or (7.625> 1.989). Promotional activities have a significant effect on marketing performance by 39.9%, the hypothesis test obtained t count> t table or (7.892> 1.989). Marketing strategy and promotion activities simultaneously have a significant effect on marketing performance by 48.9%, the hypothesis test is obtained F count> F table or (44.464> 2,700)
The Effect of Quality of Service and Corporate Image on Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Khoir Abdul
Published: October 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and corporate image on purchasing decisions at Alfamart South Tangerang Hospital. The method used is explanatory research with analytical techniques using statistical analysis with regression testing, correlation, determination, and hypothesis testing. The results of this study the quality of service significantly influence purchasing decisions by 40.3%, the hypothesis test obtained t count> t table or (7.967> 1.986). The company's image has a significant effect on purchasing decisions by 37.2%, the hypothesis test is obtained t count> t table or (7.466> 1.986). Service quality and corporate image simultaneously have a significant effect on purchasing decisions with a regression equation Y = 11,931 + 0,380X1 + 0,332X2 and the contribution of influence is 48.7%, the hypothesis test is obtained F count> F table or (44,091> 2,700).
The Influence of Advertising and Personal Selling on Buying Interest
Authors: Utama Adi
Published: October 2020

Clothing is very popular these days. Advertising and Personal Sales are very important for companies to promote and influence people to be interested in buying products. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of advertising on interest, to determine the effect of personal selling on buying interest, and to determine the effect of advertising and personal selling on Dr. Ricks Denim. The research method used is descriptive verification, a population of 19,500 people, with a sample of 100 respondents. The data analysis method uses multiple regression analysis and hypothesis testing. The results obtained from advertising affect buying interest in Dr. Ricks Denim. Overall respondents indicated that Dr. Ricks Denim Advertising still needs to be improved because there are still some ranks below the average such as information about product clothing models, clothing sizes according to information. Personal sales affect Dr. buying interest Ricks Denim. Overall respondents are considered quite good, this shows that Personal Selling still needs to be improved because there are still a number of ratings below the average. Advertising and personal selling affect Dr.'s buying interest Denim Ricks simultaneously show that Ho was rejected. Thus Personal Advertising and sales can increase consumer buying interest.
The Effect of Price and Taste on The Purchase
Authors: Hidayat Rahmat , Haryanti Intisari
Published: October 2020

Many business people who open a culinary business as a human need that serves fast food and drinks. Based on the habit of these people who prefer to buy fast food and drinks, it will benefit these business people, one of which is a culinary or restaurant business. Ranging from snacks to heavy food. Consisting of regional food, and even Korean food. Competition between culinary businesses is increasingly high. Aisy Drink is one of the hundreds of culinary businesses that sell fast food and beverages. Many menu choices provided, such as fried rice, noodles, and kebabs. Likewise, the drink, there are many choices of flavors. By carrying out the theme of hospitality, this place is a favorite choice of youth and other circles. However, buyers are increasingly here increasingly quiet. The results of observations by researchers with other similar businesses, the price in Aisy Drink is quite expensive, both food and drinks. The food was pegged at a price above twenty thousand, while the drinks were in the range of fifteen thousand rupiahs. The researcher is interested in researching this matter and the researcher hopes that this research can become an example for other prospective entrepreneurs, especially graduates from STIE Bima.
The Effect of Production Room Layout and Production Machine Maintenance on Production Effectiveness
Authors: Herdiansyah Muhammad
Published: October 2020

The intense business competition in the industrial world requires companies to always advance. Many ways did so that companies can more effective in all fields so that company productivity can increase. In relation, the Production Room Layout and Production Machine Maintenance are very influential in the creation of effectiveness in the production activities. This study aims to examine the effect of Production Room Layout and Machine Maintenance on Production Effectiveness at PT. Bintang Usaha Nasional. The population in this study is the number of employees in the production field of PT. Bintang Usaha Nasional as many as 30 people. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature study. The statistical analysis method used is Path Analysis with partial hypothesis testing (t-test) and simultaneous (f test). The results of the research show that all independent variables (Production Room Layout and Machine Maintenance) have a significant effect on the effectiveness of production at PT. Bintang Usaha Nasional. The Effect of Production Room Layout and Machine Maintenance on Production Effectiveness is 85.7%, while the remaining 14.3% comes from other variables besides the production room layout and machine maintenance.
Nauczanie śpiewu cerkiewnego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców Wojnowa w świetle rkp. BN akc. 8982
Authors: Sawicki Daniel
Published: October 2020

Artykuł jest próbą rekonstrukcji procesu nauczania śpiewu liturgicznego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców (wiernych Cerkwi prawosławnej nie uznających reform liturgicznych patriarchy Nikona) z Wojnowa. Autor dokonuje analizy jedynego zachowanego podręcznika do nauki śpiewu – tj. XIX-wiecznej Azbuki z Wojnowa pod kontem wpływu zawartych w nim treści na sposób nauczania śpiewu przyjęty w poszczególnych wspólnotach zamieszkujących wieś Wojnowo. Autor zwraca uwagę na modlitewny aspekt praktykowanego przez wspólnoty staroobrzędowców śpiewu, oraz jego wpływ na kształcenie kadr śpiewaczych.
Kilka uwag o badaniach nad historią recepcji
Authors: Laskowski Aleksander
Published: October 2020

Artykuł traktuje o historii badań nad recepcją w dziedzinie muzykologii oraz roli, jaką w ich zapoczątkowaniu odegrali Karol Berger, Michał Bristiger i Jan Stęszewski. Wedle Jima Samsona początek badań nad recepcją w dziedzinie muzykologii wiązać należy z konferencją zorganizowaną przez Hermanna Danusera i Friedhelma Krummachera w 1988 roku, tymczasem wydarzenie to poprzedziła konferencja zorganizowana przez Bristigera w Instytucie Nauk o Człowieku w Wiedniu w 1986 roku. Autor prezentuje wyniki badań nad nieopublikowanymi materiałami archiwalnymi dotyczącymi tej konferencji.
Organización social y visión ecológica de un sistema de riego andino
Authors: Bunker Stephen G. , Seligmann Linda J.
Published: October 2020

Conzedera que en un pueblo tienen sacado unas asecyas de los rríos o posos, de las lagunas o de estanques. En tiempo antiguo lo sacaron con tanto tavajo que ci avía de pagar y gastar se gastaría dies o doze mil pesos o veynte mil pesos. Que antes que fuese Ynga, como avía tanta suma de yndios y no tenía más que un rrey y señor, lo abrieron y lo sacaron las asecyas y todas las sementeras, andenes que ellos les llama para, chacra, larca. Y lo sacaron con mayor facilidad del mundo a mano cin herramienta; que parese que cada yndio alsava una piedra. Aquello bastava de la tanta suma de gente que avía.
Resolução de problemas do campo conceitual aditivo: uma análise das dificuldades e estratégias de alunos do 5º ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Baldim Barros Felipe Aparecido , Justulin Andresa Maria
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho visa apresentar uma análise das dificuldades e estratégias utilizadas para resolver problemas do campo aditivo de alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental. A Teoria dos Campos Conceituais junto à Resolução de Problemas constitui o referencial teórico desta pesquisa, que tem uma abordagem qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados foi elaborado um instrumento de avaliação com situações do campo aditivo que se classificam em: Composição, Transformação e Comparação, relacionando-as em prototípicas, de 1ª, 2ª, 3ª e 4ª extensões de dificuldade, tanto positivas quanto negativas. Os participantes da pesquisa foram alunos do 5° ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola municipal do interior do estado do Paraná. Os resultados sugerem que os alunos participantes, possivelmente, não foram estimulados a buscar maneiras diversas de resolver problemas nos anos iniciais, limitando-se, muitas vezes, à aplicação direta do algoritmo. Além disso, os alunos apresentaram dificuldades em problemas de composição negativa, em que foram cometidos erros na interpretação do que se pedia. Nos casos de transformação, os alunos mostraram dificuldades na busca do estado inicial e na própria transformação e nas situações de comparação, quando se buscava tanto o referido quanto o referente.
LINGKUNGAN EKSTERNAL BISNIS DALAM PERENCANAAN STRATEGIS SISTEM INFORMASI PADA PERUSAHAAN KERUPUK DI KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU
Authors: Sumardiono
Published: October 2020

Perkembangan perdangangan modern sangat dipengaruhi dengan kemajuan dan kemudahan dalam sistem informasi. Pelayanan bisnis dan pemasaran sangatlah menunjang dalam pengaksesan dunia digital yang biasa kita kenal dengan e-shop dan e-bisnis. Usaha di zaman milenial tentulah berkembang dalam usaha dari berukuran kecil sampai menengah (IKM) atau industri rumah (home industry). Dengan menjamurnya suatu industri rumah/ IKM, maka masyarakat dapat dikatakan memodernkan zaman, yang mana zaman sebelum mengenal digital hingga mengenal sistem digial. PD. Indrasari merupakan salah satu usaha rumahan atau IKM yang lingkup bisnisnya masih dapat dikatakan konvesional. Strategi bisnis yang masih datar, tanpa adanya layanan bisnis yang menggunakan teknologi dan sistem informasi. Untuk itu, perlunya ada konsep/ gagasan dalam pengembangan usaha yang menggunakan sistem informasi dengan melihat lingkungan bisnis eksternal yang ada di PD. Indrasari. Dengan menggunakan analisis PEST dan analisis Five Porter Forces di dalam metode Ward and Peppard menghasilkan suatu konsep bisnis terutama ekternal dalam pengembangan dan perencanaan strategi sistem informasi, sehingga persaingan bisnis akan lebih terasa oleh PD. Indrasari
Penggunaan Alat Peraga Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Penguasaan Materi Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Susilo Hardik
Published: October 2020

Untuk bisa mempelajari matematika dengan baik, kita perlu mengerjakannya yakni menggambarkan sesuatu dengan cara sendiri, menunjukkan contohnya, mencoba mempraktekkannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan sebanyak 3 putaran. Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu : rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi dan revisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN Karangtengah Prandon 2 dengan jumlah siswa 8 laki-laki dan 6 perempuan dengan tujuan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, data aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran serta data pengelolaan pembelajaran. Dari hasil analisis di dapat bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus II yaitu rata-rata nilai disiklus I : 7,0 dengan prosentase ketuntasan belajar hanya 70,6 %. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata disiklus II : 8,1 dengan prosentase ketuntasan belajar 81,47%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan alat peraga dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi siswa kelas IV SDN Karangtengah Prandon 2, serta metode ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pembelajaran Matematika di SD
CLAYEY SOIL AMENDMENT BY HYDROPHILIC NANO BENTONITE FOR LANDFILL COVER BARRIER: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Qasaimeh Ahmad , Sharo Abdulla A. , Bani-Melhem Khalid
Published: October 2020

Methane and carbon dioxide are of major concern as greenhouse gases; the landfills have the problem of controlling these gases.
Al Akaider in Jordan is the second biggest landfill suffers controlling gases as it lacks a cover design system. In this work, the main goal is to investigate
the appropriateness of amended expansive clayey soil in Irbid as a cover barrier. The expansive soil is unwanted in construction projects, thus the modification
of this expelled soil enables using it as a low cost landfill cover barrier. In this research, the effect of adding nano-clay material (Hydrophilic Nano Bentonite)
on the geotechnical characteristics, hydraulic conductivity, and gas transport coefficients of the clayey soil are studied. The soil samples were obtained from
Irbid city. Unconfined compressive strength and free swelling tests were performed on soil samples with different percentages of nano-clay added in the range
(0.1% to 1.2%) by weight. The results indicated that the addition of nano-clay at low percentages increases the strength of expansive soil up to 315 kPa at 0.6%
of nano-clay and the swelling potential decreased dramatically with the addition of nano-clay. The optimal percent of nano-clay was found to be 0.6%. The intrinsic
permeability of the amended soil was 6.03×10–15 m2. The average values of fluid transport coefficients were determined at 25 °C. The hydraulic conductivity for
water was about 6.5×10–10 m/s. Gas conductivity coefficients for CO2 and CH4 were 5×10–9 m/s and 2.5×10–9 m/s respectively. Gas diffusion coefficients for CO2
and CH4 were 3×10–6 m2/s and 4×10–6 m2/s respectively.
Mean Estimate Distances for Galaxies with Multiple Estimates in NED-D
Authors: Steer Ian
Published: October 2020

Numerous research topics rely on an improved cosmic distance scale (e.g., cosmology, gravitational waves) and the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database of Distances (NED-D) supports those efforts by tabulating multiple redshift-independent distances for 12,000 galaxies (e.g., Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) zero-point). Six methods for securing a mean estimate distance (MED) from the data are presented (e.g., indicator and Decision Tree). All six MEDs yield surprisingly consistent distances for the cases examined, including for the key benchmark LMC and M106 galaxies. The results underscore the utility of the NED-D MEDs in bolstering the cosmic distance scale and facilitating the identification of systematic trends.
The Central 300 pc of the Galaxy Probed by Infrared Spectra of H3
+ and CO. II. Expansion and Morphology of the Warm Diffuse Gas
Authors: Oka Takeshi , Geballe T. R.
Published: October 2020

Velocity profiles of a line of

at 3.7 μm produced in warm diffuse gas have been observed toward 18 stars in the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. Their longitude–velocity diagram indicates that the gas is radially expanding within the CMZ at speeds up to a maximum of ∼150 km s−1. The current momentum and energy in the gas are ∼5 × 108
M
⊙ km s−1 and ∼5 × 1053 erg. The motion is similar to that of the Expanding Molecular Ring discovered in 1972 by Kaifu et al. and by Scoville. We propose that the expanding gas seen in

is part of the same phenomenon, despite differences in estimates of density, morphology, and degree of rotation. The outward motion suggests that one or more ejection events occurred near the center of the CMZ (0.5–1) × 106 yr ago, which may be related to creation of the recently observed microwave bubble. These observations revive the circular face-on view of the CMZ proposed in 1972, which fell out of favor after 1991 when Binney et al. proposed that a face-on view of the CMZ would show it to have an elliptical shape, with high eccentricity. While that model may apply on kiloparsec scales, we argue that it is incorrect to apply it to the much smaller CMZ. We discuss the fate of the expanding gas, which appears to be eventual infall into the center, leading to episodes of star formation and violent events associated with accretion onto Sgr A*.
SN 2018fif: The Explosion of a Large Red Supergiant Discovered in Its Infancy by the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Soumagnac Maayane T. , Ganot Noam , Irani Ido , Gal-yam Avishay , Ofek Eran O. , Waxman Eli , Morag Jonathan , Yaron Ofer , Schulze Steve , Yang Yi , Rubin Adam , Cenko S. Bradley , Sollerman Jesper , Perley Daniel A. , Fremling Christoffer , Nugent Peter , Neill James D. , Karamehmetoglu Emir , Bellm Eric C. , Bruch Rachel J. , Burruss Rick , Cunningham Virginia , Dekany Richard , Golkhou V. Zach , Graham Matthew J. , Kasliwal Mansi M. , Konidaris Nicholas P , Kulkarni Shrinivas R. , Kupfer Thomas , Laher Russ R. , Masci Frank J. , Riddle Reed , Rigault Mickael , Rusholme Ben , van Roestel Jan , Zackay Barak
Published: October 2020

High-cadence transient surveys are able to capture supernovae closer to their first light than ever before. Applying analytical models to such early emission, we can constrain the progenitor stars’ properties. In this paper, we present observations of SN 2018fif (ZTF 18abokyfk). The supernova was discovered close to first light and monitored by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. Early spectroscopic observations suggest that the progenitor of SN 2018fif was surrounded by relatively small amounts of circumstellar material compared to all previous cases. This particularity, coupled with the high-cadence multiple-band coverage, makes it a good candidate to investigate using shock-cooling models. We employ the SOPRANOS code, an implementation of the model by Sapir & Waxman and its extension to early times by Morag et al. Compared with previous implementations, SOPRANOS has the advantage of including a careful account of the limited temporal validity domain of the shock-cooling model as well as allowing usage of the entirety of the early UV data. We find that the progenitor of SN 2018fif was a large red supergiant with a radius of

and an ejected mass of

. Our model also gives information on the explosion epoch, the progenitor’s inner structure, the shock velocity, and the extinction. The distribution of radii is double-peaked, with smaller radii corresponding to lower values of the extinction, earlier recombination times, and a better match to the early UV data. If these correlations persist in future objects, denser spectroscopic monitoring constraining the time of recombination, as well as accurate UV observations (e.g., with ULTRASAT), will help break the extinction/radius degeneracy and independently determine both.
Helium-rich Superluminous Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Yan Lin , Perley D. A. , Schulze S. , Lunnan R. , Sollerman J. , De K. , Chen Z. H. , Fremling C. , Gal-Yam A. , Taggart K. , Chen T.-W. , Andreoni I. , Bellm E. C. , Cunningham V. , Dekany R. , Duev D. A. , Fransson C. , Laher R. R. , Hankins M. , Ho A. Y. Q. , Jencson J. E. , Kaye S. , Kulkarni S. R. , Kasliwal M. M. , Golkhou V. Z. , Graham M. , Masci F. J. , Miller A. A. , Neill J. D. , Ofek E. , Porter M. , Mróz P. , Reiley D. , Riddle R. , Rigault M. , Rusholme B. , Shupe D. L. , Soumagnac M. T. , Smith R. , Tartaglia L. , Yao Y. , Yaron O.
Published: October 2020

Helium is expected to be present in the massive ejecta of some hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSN-I). However, until now only one event has been identified with He features in its photospheric spectra (PTF10hgi). We present the discovery of a new He-rich SLSN-I, ZTF19aawfbtg (SN2019hge), at z = 0.0866. This event has more than 10 optical spectra at phases from −41 to +103 days relative to the peak, most of which match well with that of PTF10hgi. Confirmation comes from a near-IR spectrum taken at +34 days, revealing He i features with P-Cygni profiles at 1.083 and 2.058 μm. Using the optical spectra of PTF10hgi and SN2019hge as templates, we examined 70 other SLSNe-I discovered by Zwicky Transient Facility in the first two years of operation and found five additional SLSNe-I with distinct He-features. The excitation of He i atoms in normal core-collapse supernovae requires nonthermal radiation, as proposed by previous studies. These He-rich events cannot be explained by the traditional 56Ni mixing model because of their blue spectra, high peak luminosities, and long rise timescales. Magnetar models offer a possible solution since pulsar winds naturally generate high-energy particles, potential sources of nonthermal excitation. An alternative model is the interaction between the ejecta and dense H-poor circumstellar material, which may be supported by observed undulations in the light curves. These six SLSNe-Ib have relatively low-peak luminosities (rest frame M

g
 = −20.06 ± 0.16).
Direct Imaging Discovery of a Young Brown Dwarf Companion to an A2V Star
Authors: Wagner Kevin , Apai Dániel , Kasper Markus , McClure Melissa , Robberto Massimo , Currie Thayne
Published: October 2020

We present the discovery and spectroscopy of HIP 75056Ab, a companion directly imaged at a very small separation of 0.″125 to an A2V star in the Scorpius–Centaurus OB2 association. Our observations utilized Very Large Telescope/Spectro-Polarimetric High-contrast Exoplanet Research Experiment between 2015 and 2019, enabling low-resolution spectroscopy (0.95–1.65 μm), dual-band imaging (2.1–2.25 μm), and relative astrometry over a four-year baseline. HIP 75056Ab is consistent with spectral types in the range of M6−L2 and T
eff ∼ 2000–2600 K. A comparison of the companion’s brightness to evolutionary tracks suggests a mass of ∼20–30 M
Jup. The astrometric measurements are consistent with an orbital semimajor axis of ∼15–45 au and an inclination close to face-on (i ≲ 35°). In this range of mass and orbital separation, HIP 75056Ab is likely at the low-mass end of the distribution of companions formed via disk instability, although a formation of the companion via core accretion cannot be excluded. The orbital constraints are consistent with the modest eccentricity values predicted by disk instability, a scenario that can be confirmed by further astrometric monitoring. HIP 75056Ab may be utilized as a low-mass atmospheric comparison to older, higher-mass brown dwarfs, and also to young giant planets. Finally, the detection of HIP 75056Ab at 0.″125 represents a milestone in detecting low-mass companions at separations corresponding to the habitable zones of nearby Sun-like stars.
Congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle – diagnosis with echocardiography, ventriculography and magnetic resonance imaging: clinical case
Authors: Adam Gloria , Tsareva Ina , Kirova Galina , Petrov Ivo
Published: October 2020

Myocardial diverticula are rare and incidental ﬁ ndings. They are most probably congenital anomalies of the cardiac wall, mainly of the left ventricle (LV), which in the majority of the cases are associated with other anomalies – cardiac, vascular or thoraco-abdominal. The lack of speciﬁ c clinical symptoms and electrocardiographic changes in the presence of cardiac diverticulum, make them most commonly an incidental ﬁ nding during a diagnostic imaging examination. The diagnosis of LV diverticulum can be made with echocardiography, left ventriculography, computed tomography or magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI). Among all, MRI gives the best morphologic assessment of the ventricular wall, the location and the relation of the diverticulum to surrounding structures and its dynamic behaviour during systole and diastole. MRI can rule out inﬂ ammatory, traumatic and ischemic cardiac pathology, and cardiomyopathy, and thus differentiate the diverticulum from another entity – myocardial crypts, pathologically formed focal aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm of the LV. Therefore, MRI is the preferred non-invasive method for evaluating the cardiac wall in detail and helps to differentiate and deﬁ nitively diagnose congenital cardiac diverticulum, which in most cases does not require therapeutic intervention.
Coronary Artery Disease Risk Assessment of Liver Transplant Candidates
Authors: Demirevska Liliya , Daskalov Ivaylo
Published: October 2020

Cardiovascular complications are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with end-stage liver disease undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Coronary artery disease (CAD) contributes to major portion of cardiovascular complications and therefore warrants evaluation in the preoperative period. Patients awaiting LT are a special subgroup that carries heterogeneous risk factors and has unique pathogenic and clinical characteristics. These patients usually demonstrate increased cardiac output and a compromised response to stress. Low systemic vascular resistance and bradycardia are also commonly seen in cirrhosis and can be aggravated by beta-blocker use. Current non-invasive tests that assess for subclinical CAD have low sensitivity, and altered hemodynamics during the LT surgery can unmask latent cardiovascular disease either intraoperatively or in the immediate postoperative period. This review focuses on the expanding body of evidence for diagnosis and risk stratiﬁ cation of CAD in LT candidates. The systematic approach to evaluate preoperative CAD risk in LT candidates may be helpful to optimize post-LT outcome.
Distribution and area of low voltage and dense scar zones and their relation to left atrial enlargement in ablation-naïve patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Shalganov Tchavdar , Stoyanov Milko , Mirazchiyski Metodi , Kunev Boyan
Published: October 2020

There is paucity of studies correlating the left atrial (LA) dilation and the LA total and abnormal voltage areas in patients with atrial ﬁ brillation (AF). We sought to determine the area of LA and its segments by high-density mapping in patients with paroxysmal AF, and to correlate the LA dilation deﬁ ned by echocardiography with the total and the abnormal LA areas. Material and Methods. Retrospective study of patients with paroxysmal AF and pulmonary vein isolation proceeded by high-density mapping in sinus rhythm. All had transthoracic echocardiography and LA dilation, if present, was graded as mild/moderate-severe. LA voltage was deﬁ ned as low (< 0.5 mV) or scar (< 0.1 mV). The LA was divided in 5 segments and the total and segmental area, low voltage area and scar area were measured. Data were presented as mean ± SD or median and interquartile interval (25-75%) depending on normality of distribution. Shapiro-Wilk test, Spearman T correlation, Kruskal-Wallis, and ANOVA analysis were used. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results.  Sixty-seven patients (66% males) were studied. LA enlargement was present in 58% (mild enlargement in 39%, moderate/severe in 19%). Low voltage and scar areas were found in both groups with and without LA dilation. Moderate correlation was found between the percentage of abnormal area and the degree of LA dilation (none vs mild vs moderate/severe), rho = 0.44, p = 0.0002. In patients with non-dilated LA the mean total LA area was 100.4 ± 17 cm2 and the abnormal area was < 10% (9.9%, 6.2-14.8%), with barely detectable scar. In patients with LA enlargement the total area was approximately 10% larger (109.8 cm2, 100.9-123.8 cm2), however the abnormal area was almost doubled (17.1%, 11.1-26.8%), and there were small yet measurable dense scar areas. Conclusions. Low voltage LA areas < 0.5 mV were found universally by high-density mapping in patients with paroxysmal AF, irrespective of the presence of LA enlargement. However, only patients with LA enlargement had measurable scar areas. The total abnormal area correlated moderately with the degree of LA dilation deﬁ ned by echocardiography.
Editorial
Authors: Gatzov Plamen
Published: October 2020

Editorial
Education
Authors: Gatzov Plamen
Published: October 2020

EDUCATION
FAIR Digital Objects and Natural Science Collection Data
Authors: Islam Sharif
Published: October 2020

The Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo) is a new Research Infrastructure that is working towards the unification of all European natural science collections under common curation, access policies, and practices (Addink et al. 2019). The physical specimens in the collections and the vast amount of data derived from and linked to these specimens are important building blocks for this unification process. Primarily coming from large scale digitization projects (Blagoderov et al. 2012) along with new types of data collection, curation, and sharing methods (e.g. Kays et al. 2020), these specimens hold data that are critical for different scientific endeavours (Cook et al. 2020, Hedrick et al. 2020). Therefore it is important that the data infrastructure and the relevant services can provide a long-term sustainable and reliable access to these data. To that end, DiSSCo is working towards transforming a fragmented landscape of the natural science collections into an integrated data infrastructure that can ensure that these data can be easily Findable, more Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable – in other words, comply with the FAIR Guiding Principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016).

A key decision for the design of this FAIR data infrastructure was to adopt FAIR Digital Objects (Wittenburg and Strawn 2019) that will enable the creation of Digital Specimen—a machine-actionable digital twin of the physical specimen (Lannom et al. 2020). This FAIR Digital Object by design, ensures FAIRness of the data (De Smedt et al. 2020) and thus will allow DiSSCo to provide services that are essential for natural science collection-based research. This talk summarises the motivation behind this adoption by showing how design decisions and best practices were influenced by the FAIR data principles, global discussions around FAIR Digital Objects and outputs from the Research Data Alliance (RDA) interest and working groups.
Four new species from the diatom (Bacillariophyceae) genus Adlafia Moser, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin from waterbodies of Vietnam
Authors: Glushchenko Anton M. , Kociolek John Patrick , Kuznetsova Irina V. , Kulikovskiy Maxim S.
Published: October 2020

Four species of the diatom genus Adlafia were found from waterbodies of Vietnam and described as new to science. Their formal descriptions are presented herein and they are illustrated by light and scanning electron micrographs. These new species are: A. lamdongiensis Glushch., Kulik. & Kociolek, sp. nov., A. babeiensis Glushch., Kulik. & Kociolek, sp. nov., A. vietnamensis Glushch., Kulik. & Kociolek, sp. nov. and A. dauiensis Glushch., Kulik. & Kociolek, sp. nov. These species are then compared to other similar taxa. Our new findings add to the number of species in this interesting genus and contribute to our understanding of the unique diatom flora found in Vietnam.
A new species of Cheiloneurus Westwood (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae) as a hyperparasitoid of the invasive cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, in China
Authors: Li Zhuomiao , Yao Tingting , Xu Zhihong , Meng Ling , Li Baoping
Published: October 2020

A new species, Cheiloneurus nankingensissp. nov., from Eastern China is described. It is similar to C. arabiacus Hayat but distinct from it in a number of morphological characters. It is a hyperparasitoid with the encyrtid wasp Aenasius arizonensis Girault, 1915 as the primary host and the cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) as the secondary host. A key to all seven species of Cheiloneurus known from China is presented.
Factors associated with male partner involvement in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in the Gokwe North District, Zimbabwe: A qualitative study
Authors: Chibango Vimbai
Published: October 2020

Male partners’ involvement in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) intervention programmes is crucial in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. However, male partner involvement in PMTCT is low in most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study aimed at exploring the major factors associated with male partner involvement in PMTCT of HIV programmes in the Gokwe North District of Zimbabwe. The study utilised qualitative methods. Data was collected using a pretested interview guide. Purposive sampling methods were used to select participants of focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Interviews were conducted from May to September 2015. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The study revealed that local traditional leaders played a role in mobilising men in communities. Awareness campaigns enhanced communities’ knowledge about PMTCT. Couple communication proved to be vital in promoting male involvement. However, stigmatisation against men utilising antenatal-care services, fear of HIV results and a lack of knowledge of the practices surrounding PMTCT of HIV programmes were hindrances to male partner involvement. Collaboration and engagement amongst stakeholders especially with traditional leadership can be essential in increasing male partner participation in PMTCT. Education has proved to be a catalyst in the de-stigmatisation of men in PMTCT programmes. Moreover, HIV counselling can illuminate an understanding on the implications of HIV test results. The significant contribution of this article is its demonstration of the role of African traditional leadership and belief systems in curbing HIV infections, particularly in terms of male partners’ involvement in PMTCT initiatives.Contribution: The significant contribution of this article is its demonstration of the role of African traditional leadership and belief systems in curbing HIV infections, particularly in terms of male partners’ involvement in PMTCT initiatives.