bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accelerating solar-powered desalination deployment through transferable learning
Authors: Wang Ruoqing , He Wei
Published: September 2024

Solar desalination offers a promising solution to the global water shortage, yet it is underutilized compared to traditional fossil fuel-driven methods. Past solar desalination research prioritized efficiency enhancement and cost reduction, overlooking critical knowledge gaps and specific needs for facilitating the technology’s adoption. Here we apply lessons from the successful development of photovoltaics and lithium-ion batteries to enhance the solar desalination impact’s on water scarcity. We analyze four decades of research, noting consistent cost decreases in key solar desalination technologies, alongside variable efficiency trends. Investigating cost reduction strategies in photovoltaics and batteries reveals opportunities to accelerate solar desalination uptake. Our findings reveal cost-saving potential through economies-of-scale and learning-by-doing particularly in system-level innovations, which could yield benefits already seen in the photovoltaics, batteries and some membrane materials but not yet in solar desalination systems. We also propose adopting standardized metrics to monitor consistent progress across different technologies but distinct learning curves tailored to application scenarios, promoting targeted advancements for widespread adoption.
Decreasing trend in destructive potential of tropical cyclones in the South Indian Ocean since the mid-1990s
Authors: Tu Shifei , Hu Zhenzhen , Liang Mei , Zhou Wen , Chan Johnny C. L. , Xu Jianjun
Published: September 2024

Tropical cyclone activity often leads to many adverse impacts and assessing their destructiveness is a crucial scientific concern. Here we investigated changes in the destructiveness of tropical cyclones worldwide using the power dissipation index and found that there is no clear trend in most basins, but a significant decrease in power dissipation index has been detected in the South Indian Ocean basin since 1994, which is almost entirely due to a decrease in both tropical cyclone frequency and duration in this basin. The decrease in tropical cyclone frequency is influenced by increased atmospheric stability. The decrease in tropical cyclone duration can be attributed to the changes in tropical cyclone locations. In addition, the weakened subtropical high is only observed in the South Indian Ocean (i.e., the Mascarene High), which is also associated with the decrease in tropical cyclone destructiveness. These findings have implications for assessing the destructive potential of future tropical cyclones.
Cardiac rehabilitation and secondary prevention of CVD: time to think about cardiovascular health rather than rehabilitation
Authors: Redfern Julie , Gallagher Robyn , Maiorana Andrew , Candelaria Dion , Hollings Matthew , Gauci Sarah , O’Neil Adrienne , Chaseling Georgia K. , Zhang Ling , Thomas Emma E. , Ghisi Gabriela L. M. , Gibson Irene , Hyun Karice , Beatty Alexis , Briffa Tom , Taylor Rod S. , Arena Ross , Jennings Catriona , Wood David , Grace Sherry L.
Published: September 2024

During the past century, there have been major developments in the medical and surgical treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). These advancements have resulted in more people surviving initial events and having reduced length of stay in hospital; consequently, there is an increasing number of people in need of ongoing and lifelong cardiovascular risk management. The physical and emotional effects of living with CVD are ongoing with broad challenges ranging from the individual to system level. However, post-discharge care of people with coronary disease continues to follow a 50-year-old cardiac rehabilitation model which focuses on the sub-acute phase and is of a finite in duration. The aim of this paper is to consider the concept of supporting survivors to live well with CVD rather than ‘rehabilitating’ them and propose factors for consideration in reframing secondary prevention towards optimizing cardiovascular health. We discuss deeply-held potential considerations and challenges associated with the concept of supporting survivors achieve optimal cardiovascular health and live well with CVD rather than ‘rehabilitating’ them. We propose the concept of 5 x P’s for reframing traditional cardiac rehabilitation towards the concept of cardiovascular health for survivors beyond ‘rehabilitation’. These include the need for personalization, processes, patient-centered care, parlance, and partnership. Taken together, consideration of challenges at the systems and population level will ultimately improve engagement with secondary prevention as well as outcomes for all people who need it.
Recent advances in understanding the roles of T cells in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Pu Jiu , Du Yimei
Published: September 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with severe outcomes like heart failure and stroke. Recent studies highlight the crucial role of T in AF. Clinical studies have observed elevated levels of CD4+CD28null T cells, Th17/Treg cells, CD8+ cells, and related markers in the peripheral blood or atrial tissue of AF patients, correlating with disease severity and cardiovascular events. These T cell subsets contribute to AF through: (1) releasing inflammatory factors like TNF-α and IL-17 which affect calcium homeostasis and electrical activity in atrial myocytes and/or promote atrial fibrosis; (2) recruiting inflammatory cells such as macrophages, causing local inflammation, oxidative stress, and atrial remodeling; (3) secreting cytotoxic proteins like perforin and granzymes, inducing apoptosis in atrial myocytes and affecting their action potentials; (4) direct contact, influencing atrial myocyte electrophysiology. Understanding these T cell-mediated mechanisms may uncover new therapeutic targets for AF.
Vehicle-to-grid response to a frequency contingency in a national grid
Authors: Sturmberg Bjorn C. P. , Hapuarachchi Lahiru , Jones Laura , Lucas-Healey Kathryn , van Biljon Justus
Published: September 2024

Vehicle-to-grid technology enables electric vehicles to contribute their large, high-power batteries to power systems reserves. Here we report the first demonstration of a fleet of vehicles discharging to support system security after a frequency contingency in a national grid. Our results highlight the potential of vehicle-to-grid, with vehicles discharging within 6 s of the contingency event, and shortcomings, with vehicles recommencing charging before the power system had fully recovered.
Environmental and private property contamination following the Norfolk Southern chemical spill and chemical fires in Ohio
Authors: Coelho Paula B. , Fitzgerald Gracie , Isaacson Kristofer , Diop Rasul , Prabhakar Gouri , Heffner Stephanie , Verma Akshat , Youngblood Jeffrey P. , Choi Youn Jeong , Surdyka Stefanie , Spears Samuel A. , Frisbee Marty D. , Del Real Katherine R. , Gustafson Lauren A. , Núñez-Torres Ana María , Proctor Caitlin R. , Lee Linda S. , Whitehead Heather D. , Doudrick Kyle , Harpur Brock A. , Whelton Andrew J.
Published: September 2024

In February 2023, a train derailment in Ohio caused a chemical spill and fires releasing contaminants into the air, soil, waterways, and buildings.
Effect of high pressure homogenization on in vitro digestibility and colon fermentability of pea protein-rich bread designed for elderly consumers
Authors: Moretton Martina , Casertano Melania , Pellegrini Nicoletta , Anese Monica , Fogliano Vincenzo , Capuano Edoardo
Published: September 2024

In vitro protein digestibility and fermentability were affected by reformulation and by physiological digestive conditions, with lower digestibility under elderly conditions compared to adult ones.
Biological effects and mechanisms of dietary chalcones: latest research progress, future research strategies, and challenges
Authors: Zhang Yun Liang , Sun Shuang Jiao , Zeng Li
Published: September 2024

Chalcones are widely distributed in food and have multiple biological activities; there are limitations and drawbacks in the application of dietary chalcones in food; future research strategies and key issues for dietary chalcones.
Correlating processing induced orientation with tensile properties for mass polymerized acrylonitrile butadiene styrene test specimens
Authors: Fernandez E. , Edeleva M. , Cardon L. , D'hooge D. R.
Published: September 2024

In this research, a clear link was established between high shear during processing, high orientation of the rubber phase, and superior tensile performance for mass polymerized acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (mABS).
Photocatalytic nanomaterials and their implications towards biomass conversion for renewable chemical and fuel production
Authors: Katre Shikha , Baghmare Pawan , Giri Ardhendu S.
Published: September 2024

Photocatalysis has recently gained popularity as a sustainable and energy-efficient method for converting biomass.
Highly sensitive label-free biomolecular detection using Au–WS2 nanohybrid based SERS substrates
Authors: Prakash Om , T Abhijith , Nagpal Priya , Perumal Vivekanandan , Karak Supravat , Singh Udai B. , Ghosh Santanu
Published: September 2024

Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based rapid and low-cost technologies for ultra-sensitive label-free detection and identification of molecular analytes.
Fano enhancement of SERS for rapid early diagnosis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Gong Tianxun , Wei Zhenjiang , Huang Libin , Hong Yan , Li Yuan , Chen Ke-ling , Huang Wen , Zhong Xiaojing , He Jinzhao , Lee Ming-Yi , Chang En-Chi , Kong Kien Voon , Zhang Xiaosheng , Zhou Zongguang
Published: September 2024

Patients benefit greatly from early detection of colorectal cancer, but present diagnostic procedures have high costs, low sensitivity, and low specificity.
Recent developments in the bio-mediated synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles using plant extracts for environmental and biomedical applications
Authors: Tran Giang Thanh , Nguyen Luan Minh , Nguyen Thuy Thi Thanh , Nguyen Dai Hai , Tran Thuan Van
Published: September 2024

Compared to chemical synthesis methods, green synthesis using plant extracts offers a sustainable and viable alternative for CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Here, we discuss the biomedical and environmental applications of bio-mediated CoFe2O4 nanoparticles.
Viral capsid structural assembly governs the reovirus binding interface to NgR1
Authors: dos Santos Natividade Rita , Dumitru Andra C. , Nicoli Alessandro , Strebl Michael , Sutherland Danica M. , Welsh Olivia L. , Ghulam Mustafa , Stehle Thilo , Dermody Terence S. , Di Pizio Antonella , Koehler Melanie , Alsteens David
Published: September 2024

We reveal how viral capsid protein organization and curvature critically influence the stability of reovirus–NgR1 interactions, with distinct differences observed between single proteins, 2D assemblies, and 3D viral particles.
Non-Kolbe oxidation driven electrochemical C(sp2)–H lactonization towards the synthesis of isocoumarins
Authors: Liu Chen , Liu Hongpeng , Zhang Gaoyuan , Liu Yunge , Liao Pei , Mei Yongqun , Zhang Yunfei
Published: September 2024

A novel method for electrochemical C(sp2)–H lactonization was developed.
A chemoselective radical cascade polarity-mismatched silylarylation of unactivated alkenes
Authors: Liu Liang , Yang Xiao , Tong Jinghui , Zhu Huajie , Ouyang Lu , Luo Renshi , Liao Jianhua
Published: September 2024

A practical method to access silylated pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles through an unusual intermolecular polarity-mismatched addition of a nucleophilic silyl radical to e-rich alkene SOMOphiles via a coordination-assisted interaction are presented.
A domino reaction strategy for facile and modular construction of synthetically challenging functionalized ortho-fluoroanilines
Authors: Grau Benedikt W. , Kohlbauer Sascha , Gu Yungyeong , Hahn Friedrich , Lösing Josephine , Wangen Christina , Stangier Maximilian , Ackermann Lutz , Marschall Manfred , Tsogoeva Svetlana B.
Published: September 2024

A new domino approach enables the simultaneous construction of a benzene ring, along with amine and fluorine installation. Resulting ortho-fluoroanilines can be used to synthesize new fluorinated azo dye and antiviral (tetrahydro)quinazolines.
Expression of Concern: Novel Schiff base Mn(iii) and Co(ii) complexes supported on Co nanoparticles: efficient and recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts for alcohol oxidation
Authors: Keypour Hassan , Saremi Shokoufeh Ghahri , Veisi Hojat , Azadbakht Reza
Published: September 2024

Expression of Concern for ‘Novel Schiff base Mn(iii) and Co(ii) complexes supported on Co nanoparticles: efficient and recyclable magnetic nanocatalysts for alcohol oxidation’ by Hassan Keypour et al., RSC Adv., 2016, 6, 77020–77029, https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA15967B.
Expression of concern: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles as a novel platform for electrocatalytic sensing applications
Authors: Baghayeri Mehdi , Veisi Hojat , Veisi Hamed , Maleki Behrooz , Karimi-Maleh Hassan , Beitollahi Hadi
Published: September 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Multi-walled carbon nanotubes decorated with palladium nanoparticles as a novel platform for electrocatalytic sensing applications’ by Mehdi Baghayeri et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 49595–49604, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA08536A.
Enhanced sensitivity in self-powered Dion–Jacobson perovskite X-ray detectors via a ternary-solvent-ink approach
Authors: Tao Liting , Ding Li , Li Yuyang , Liu Hui , Gao Meiping , Yang Deren , Fang Yanjun
Published: September 2024

A ternary-solvent-ink strategy is adopted to fabricate quasi-2D Dion–Jacobson perovskite films for X-ray detectors via a spray-coating process, which exhibit both high sensitivity and a low detection limit under self-powered operation mode.
Lignin cationization for the removal of phosphates and nitrates from effluents of wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Kewir Fannyuy V. , Astete Carlos E. , Nde Divine B. , Eberhard Jessica R. , Constant W. David , Sabliov Cristina M.
Published: September 2024

The removal of phosphates and nitrates from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents is important for preventing pollution of receiving waters.
Transmission scheme for collaborative‐RIS‐aided NOMA system with multiple channels
Authors: Li Heyi , Wang Hong , Li Peiqi , Wang Peiyu
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the combination of collaborative reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) with non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) to enhance the quality of service (QoS) in communication systems. By introducing collaborative RIS, a virtual line‐of‐sight (LoS) link can be established between the base station (BS) and the users. In this article, the aim is to minimize the total transmit power under the constraint of each user's QoS by optimizing the phase shifts and the power allocation coefficients. To proceed, two approaches are proposed with different complexities to solve the formulated power minimization problem. Specifically, in the first method, a sub‐channel allocation scheme based on the user locations is developed, and the phase shifts are optimized to obtain the minimum transmit power for fixed channel assignment, which is further addressed by using the alternating optimization and the sequence rotation methods. In the second approach, a joint optimization algorithm that achieves the channel assignment vectors and the phase shift coefficients in an alternative manner, and a sub‐channel assignment algorithm based on the equivalent channel gain is developed. The simulation results show that the proposed transmission scheme has the capability of improving system performance significantly compared with the conventional schemes.
A method for the reproduction of cello bow kinematics using a robotic arm and motion capture
Authors: Pàmies-Vilà Montserrat , Mayer Alexander , Matusiak Ewa , Chatziioannou Vasileios
Published: September 2024

Numerous experimental and theoretical methods have focused on the bow–string interaction in bowed string instruments, including several artificial bowing setups. The current research aims to present an experimental approach to reproduce bowing techniques using a robotic arm. First, optical motion capture is used to track the 3D kinematics of the bow. The cello bow and corpus are equipped with reflective markers. The cello is mounted on a playing platform. The recorded 3D trajectories of the bow markers are used to control the motion of the robotic arm. This process requires converting the 3D data between the coordinate frames of the two systems. This conversion is described in detail in this paper. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, an experienced cellist was asked to play an adapted piece on the cello, which was then repeated using the robotic arm. The robotic arm is capable of accurately reproducing the bow velocity, but even minimal variations in position can compromise proper bow–string contact. To illustrate this, the study compares two similar robotic situations and discusses the challenges of adapting the robot’s coordinates as a function of a given playing parameter or the sound produced.
The Variation Law of CO2 Adsorption / Desorption Energy of Coal under Infrared Action
Authors: Ma Kai
Published: September 2024

The adsorption / desorption process of coalbed methane is actually a process of mutual transformation between free state and adsorbed state of gas molecules. Because the molecular movement process is inevitably accompanied by energy changes, it is of great significance to study the energy changes in the process of CO2 adsorption / desorption of coal to study the migration law of coalbed methane. The adsorption and desorption characteristics of CO2 on coal under different infrared powers were studied by using the self-designed infrared isothermal adsorption / desorption simulation tester. The energy calculation theory in the adsorption / desorption process was used to obtain the energy change law in the adsorption / desorption process under the experimental conditions. The results show that the CO2 adsorption / desorption efficiency of coal under the action of power infrared can be explained from the energy point of view, and the free energy of the adsorption and desorption state is affected by the infrared power and pressure, which is consistent with the experimental results of CO2 adsorption / desorption of coal under the action of power infrared. The adsorption characteristic curves of different infrared powers have basically the same change trend, which all meet the cubic polynomial fitting relationship, and the fitting degree is high, R2 is above.
Green GDP Accounting Model Prioritizing Sustainable Development
Authors: Jin Chan , Guo Yuhan , Yang Siqiao , Liao Yuxuan , Li Lingxiao
Published: September 2024

In today's highly developed economic and social context, humanity is increasingly realizing the importance of sustainable development alongside the full utilization of resources. Consequently, some scholars advocate for the adoption of Green Gross Domestic Product (GGDP) as a more reflective measure of economic health, replacing GDP, while also assessing the sustainability of economic and social development. This paper, taking into account the direction of human society towards sustainable development, refines previous research efforts. Using forestry as an example, it establishes a GGDP accounting model based on the principle of maximum sustainable development and demonstrates its validity.
How our electricity market is efficiently utilized
Authors: Li Hao
Published: September 2024

In the context of low carbon economy, analyze China's current power energy structure, according to China's power market development status quo to analyze one by one, from the installed capacity of each energy generation, power generation, kWh cost, advantages and disadvantages for comparison. Thus in the regulation of power structure to recognize the importance of grid construction. And to provide ideas for the construction of new power grids.
Design Design and Discussion of Offshore Floating Platforms for Wind Turbines
Authors: Huo Zhiyu , Fan Wenjie
Published: September 2024

Alongside the development of human civilisations over the last century, the global demand and consumption of fossil fuels have experienced a significant increase. Consequently, environmentally friendly and sustainable designs are in high demand in every professional field. This report focuses on two designs of floating wind turbine platforms as well as related professional discussions in the field of fluid mechanics.
Ocean energy
Authors: Babarit Aurélien , Pinon Grégory , Achard Jean-Luc , Corre Christophe
Published: September 2024

This article presents the principles and technologies for converting the main renewable ocean energy resources (ocean thermal energy, wave energy and tidal energy) into electricity.

Their energy production potential is put into perspective in terms of the challenges of the energy transition.
Can Peripheral Arterial Tonometry and Biomarkers Help Identify Women Who Will Have Progressively Worsening Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy?
Authors: Clifford Caitlin M. , Hesson Ashley M. , Sangtani Ajleeta , Ganesh Santhi K. , Langen Elizabeth S.
Published: September 2024

Objective This study aimed to (1) evaluate whether endothelial dysfunction, as measured by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) indices and biomarker (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 [sFLT], brain natriuretic peptide [BNP]) levels at 34 weeks gestation, can predict progression from nonsevere to severe hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs); and (2) develop a clinical risk model for prediction of progression from nonsevere to severe HDP.

Study Design We prospectively enrolled patients with a singleton gestation carrying a nonsevere HDP diagnosis. Forty-five participants were enrolled for PAT evaluation and serum collection between 340/7 and 366/7 weeks. PAT indices (e.g., Augmentation Index normalized to a heart rate of 75 bpm [AI75]) and biomarker concentrations were assessed at enrollment. The primary outcome was progression from a nonsevere diagnosis in the late preterm period to a diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe features or superimposed preeclampsia. Statistical analyses included two-sample t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, and multivariate modeling.

Results Thirteen subjects (30%) progressed to severe disease. No significant differences in mean PAT indices between the outcome groups were found. We found a significant difference in mean sFLT values between the two groups (p = 0.02, area under the curve [AUC] of 0.609), but not in mean BNP values. An endothelial dysfunction index (presence of fetal growth restriction, “high” AI75, and positive systolic blood pressure slope) discriminated between progression and nonprogression (p = 0.03, AUC of 0.707).

Conclusion sFLT level was a marker of progression from nonsevere to severe HDP. Further, a novel endothelial dysfunction index discriminated between progression and nonprogression to severe disease with good performance.

Key Points
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and De-escalation of Surgery in Locally Advanced Breast Implant-associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Salgarello Marzia , Krupa Jaroslaw , Allchin Rebecca , Pilgrim Simon , Miall Fiona , Napoli Arianna Di , Martelli Maurizio , Tarantino Giulio
Published: September 2024

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma diagnosed in patients with a history of breast implants. Most patients develop a periprosthetic effusion at early stages of disease while less common presentations include a palpable mass, severe capsular contracture, lymphadenopathy, or cutaneous erythema. Due to the complex nature of this disease, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary for optimal management, particularly in locally advanced disease or inoperable patients. We present the successful use of neoadjuvant therapeutic protocols in two cases of locally advanced BIA-ALCL. The first case was a 52-year-old patient with a left breast mass-like stage III disease who underwent combined targeted immunotherapy and chemotherapy (brentuximab vedotin [BV]–cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone [CHP]). Following a complete radiological and metabolic response, the patient underwent bilateral implant removal, right total intact capsulectomy, left en bloc capsulectomy, and skin resection from the left inframammary fold in continuity with the capsule. The second case was a 65-year-old patient with right breast swelling and mass-like stage IIA disease who received targeted immunotherapy, BV. Following a complete metabolic response, she underwent bilateral implant removal and en bloc capsulectomy. A literature review and the reported cases suggest the effectiveness of targeted immunotherapy as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy in locally advanced BIA-ALCL in disease downstaging, surgical de-escalation, reduction of significant postoperative complications, and an acceptable tolerance profile. Although surgery is an essential part of treatment, the timing and type of intervention should be carefully planned, especially when primary, radical resection is uncertain.
Iron-Catalyzed Deboronation/Cyanoalkylation of Vinyl Boronic Acids with Cyclobutanone Ketoximes
Authors: Zhang Hua-Wei , Wang Yu-Zhao , Li Yan , Cheng Xiu-Fen , Zhang Han-Yue , Wang Zi-Ying , Xu Nuo , Su Yan-Qi
Published: September 2024

In this paper, an iron-catalyzed deboronation/cyanoalkylation of vinyl boronic acids for the preparation of distal cyanoalkyl alkenes with vinyl boronic acids as radical acceptor and activator is reported. In this reaction, various cyclobutanone oximes and substituted vinyl boronic acids can be transformed into the corresponding cyanoalkylated alkenes in moderate to good yields under these conditions. Mechanistic studies indicated that a single-electron transfer process may be involved in this transformation.
A Novel Synthesis of Substituted Benzo[1,2,4]triazine Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed Intermolecular N-Arylation of 2-Iodoaniline and Hydrazonoyl Chlorides
Authors: Nematpour Manijeh , Nouri Reihane
Published: September 2024

In this contribution, a speedy and direct approach for the synthesis of benzo[1,2,4]triazine derivatives via a copper-catalyzed intermolecular N-arylation of 2-iodoaniline and hydrazonoyl chlorides is described. The reaction proceeds in THF at room temperature with no need for any ligand. The use of simple and readily available starting materials, mild copper-catalytic reaction conditions, and good yields (72–92%) are remarkable specifications of this protocol.
Spatiotemporal determination of photoinduced strain in a Weyl semimetal
Authors: Wu Jianyu , Prasad Amit Kumar , Balatsky Alexander , Weissenrieder Jonas
Published: September 2024

The application of dynamic strain holds the potential to manipulate topological invariants in topological quantum materials. This study investigates dynamic structural deformation and strain modulation in the Weyl semimetal WTe2, focusing on the microscopic regions with static strain defects. The interplay of static strain fields, at local line defects, with dynamic strain induced from photo-excited coherent acoustic phonons results in the formation of local standing waves at the defect sites. The dynamic structural distortion is precisely determined utilizing ultrafast electron microscopy with nanometer spatial and gigahertz temporal resolutions. Numerical simulations are employed to interpret the experimental results and explain the mechanism for how the local strain fields are transiently modulated through light–matter interaction. This research provides the experimental foundation for investigating predicted phenomena such as the mixed axial-torsional anomaly, acoustogalvanic effect, and axial magnetoelectric effects in Weyl semimetals, and paves the road to manipulate quantum invariants through transient strain fields in quantum materials.
Volatile capacitance of resistor with differential resistance
Authors: Sun Yong , Yasunaga Hikaru , Shiraishi Masaya , Sakai Hiroyuki
Published: September 2024

The differential current dV/dR in a resistor forms a volatile capacitance across itself. When the differential current is less than the Ohm current, V/R, the volatile capacitance is positive. Conversely, when it exceeds the Ohm current, the volatile capacitance becomes negative. If the differential current equals the Ohm current, the volatile capacitance is zero. The transition of this volatile capacitance from positive to negative has been observed in a combination of multi-walled carbon nanotube material and vacuum space. Additionally, we have fabricated a two-dimensional planar inductor without a coil using this negative capacitor.
Modeling of nonlinear self-excited forces: A study on flutter characteristics and mechanisms of post-flutter behaviors
Authors: He Jiayong , Yu Chuanjin , Li Yongle , Zhao Liyang
Published: September 2024

The intrinsic physical relevance of higher-order self-excited force (SEF) components has received limited attention, and there is a dearth of formulas that adequately analyze the influence of SEF components on the post-flutter characteristics. Based on Taylor formulas and the principle of independence, semi-empirical polynomial SEF models are developed and validated. The energy input efficiency and role of each order SEF component are examined using the proposed models. By introducing the principle of energy equivalence and approximate average power, theoretical formulas designed to calculate the post-flutter characteristics are established. Finally, the applicability and robustness of the SEF models and theoretical formulas are discussed. Results show that the proposed models can obtain independent higher-order SEF components, which is conducive to the correct analysis of the SEF driving mechanisms. The theoretical formulas can accurately reconstruct the time-varying curves of the flutter characteristics, and the terms in the formulas can explicitly calculate and analyze the mechanism of each SEF model element. It is observed that the higher-order SEF components have a significant impact on the accurate reconstruction of SEFs while barely affecting the system energy. Moreover, the limit cycle oscillation generation mechanisms of the investigated two rectangular cylinders are different, but the variation of the flutter characteristics with time remain the same.
Cartesian mesh adaptation: Immersed boundary method based on high-order discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Ouyang Wenxuan , Huang Jianjian , Wang Tingting , An Wei , Liu Xuejun , Lyu Hongqiang
Published: September 2024

Immersed boundary method (IBM) can easily distinguish fluid and solid regions in the computational region, thereby the workload of complex grid generation can be reduced. To accurately characterize the solid geometry, a large number of cells are required near the solid surface. The h-adaptive algorithm is adopted to reduce the requirement for the number of cells. In addition, considering the inherent adaptability to the h-adaptive Cartesian grids of the discontinuous Galerkin method, a high-order discontinuous Galerkin solver with an IBM is developed. To validate the h-adaptive algorithm and the solver, three cases are tested, including the steady flow past the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics 0012 airfoil, the steady flow past a cylinder, and the unsteady flow past a cylinder. Compared with the non-adaptive cases, the h-adaptive cases need smaller total number of cells, and the numerical accuracy is significantly improved with an increasing degree of mesh refinement.
Droplet motions directed by an expansion section in the T-junctions
Authors: Pang Yan , Jiao Shaojie , Zhao Siyu , Lou Yi , Zhang Longxiang , Wang Xiang , Liu Zhaomiao
Published: September 2024

The controlled motion of droplets in microfluidic chips is a preliminary requirement to realize their functions. The influence of the expansion section on the droplet motion is mainly investigated in the T-junction. The droplet dynamic characteristics are analyzed at the junction and the applicable flow rate of the expansion section is explored. The expansion section can reduce the entered length and motion time of the droplet when droplets flow into the channel with it, and finally avoid the possibility of droplet splitting. Even under a large difference of the branch flow rate, the expansion section can direct the droplet into its located channel. It is found that with the increase in continuous phase flow rate, the effect of the expansion section on the droplet motion behavior is gradually weakened until it disappears. Moreover, the critical conditions of it can be obtained by theoretical calculation. The expansion section can direct droplet motion in both symmetric and asymmetric junctions. However, it is mainly achieved by influencing the interfacial tension of the droplets in the symmetric junction, while the key force is related to the droplet motion in the asymmetric junction. Specifically, the expansion section influences the differential pressure force to direct the droplet in the flow into the side branch (with expansion section) mode, but it varies the interfacial tension of the droplet in the flow into the main branch mode.
Squeeze force of a Maxwell fluid between circular smooth surfaces with simple harmonic motion
Authors: Mederos G. , Bautista O. , Méndez F. , Arcos J.
Published: September 2024

The force and mechanical power required to maintain the simple harmonic motion (SHM) of the upper circular surface squeezing a viscoelastic fluid film is analyzed. The amplitude of the displacement of the upper surface is very small compared to the gap width as a function of time. The smoothness of the upper and lower surfaces is characterized by the slip model with two constant parameters, a slip length and a critical surface shear stress. The nonlinear convection terms in the momentum equation are neglected since the viscous forces dominate the inertial forces. The acceleration and deceleration terms are retained since the upper plate oscillates harmonically and the velocity in the fluid is strictly periodic. An exact solution of the governing equations is found as a function of the Deborah number, the Womersley number, the slip length, and the critical surface shear stress. A circular region without slip condition, bounded by a time-dependent radius, appears when the shear stress of the fluid does not exceed a critical surface shear stress. In addition, an annular region with slip up to the radius of the disk appears when the critical surface shear stress is exceeded. Our results show that viscoelastic and hydrophobic effects together with the Womersley number and a critical surface stress cause changes in the amplitude and phase lag of the waveform of the time-dependent radius and the force acting on the wall surface to maintain the SHM of the upper disk.
Comparison of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of fixed-pitch and variable-pitch rotors
Authors: Yu Kukhwan , Ko Jeongwoo , Kim Younghoon , Lee Soogab
Published: September 2024

This research conducts a comparative analysis of the aerodynamic and aeroacoustic characteristics of fixed-pitch and variable-pitch controlled multirotors [i.e., revolution per minute (RPM) and collective pitch control]. The study encompasses single-, twin-, and quad-rotor configurations under hovering flight conditions. The unsteady blade motion is modeled as a function of RPM and pitch, fluctuating with frequency and amplitude. To comprehensively account for wake interaction effects, a free-wake vortex lattice method combined with acoustic analogy is utilized. The findings reveal that unsteady blade motion and wake interaction effects cause fluctuations in thrust and tip vortex trajectory. The thrust and tip vortex behavior exhibited greater instability in response to RPM fluctuations than to pitch fluctuations. Consequently, the axial unsteady loading noise was more pronounced under RPM fluctuations compared to pitch fluctuations. In both twin- and quad-rotor configurations, the wake interaction significantly influenced the characteristics of thrust and tip vortex behavior. In addition, spectral analysis demonstrated that the frequencies of unsteady blade motion and wake interaction determine the frequencies of thrust and tip vortex fluctuations as well as unsteady loading noise.
Dislocation evolution in anisotropic deformation of GaN under nanoindentation
Authors: Chen Kebei , Xue Mengfei , Chen Runkun , Dong Xiaoming , Gao Xiaodong , Wang Jianfeng , Han Sha , Song Wentao , Xu Ke
Published: September 2024

The exceptional performance of GaN semiconductors in lasers, wireless communication, and energy storage systems makes them crucial for future multi-functional devices. However, during the polishing of GaN wafers, abrasive particles can induce subsurface damage, compromising device performance. This study investigates dislocation loops in GaN single crystal to understand dislocation nucleation and glide under external stress. Using nanoindentation for compressive stress, we confirmed multiple slip system activation via transmission electron microscopy after pop-in. We also performed molecular dynamics to simulate the nucleation and multiplication of U-shaped dislocation loops. Furthermore, we developed a theoretical model using Peierls–Nabarro stress to quantify GaN's critical shear stress. Raman spectroscopy was also used to analyze shear stress on U-shaped loops, supporting our model. This study provides insights into GaN dislocation dynamics under mechanical stress, aiding in wafer defect evaluation during machining and offering guidance for dislocation evolution.
Electronic structure investigation and anisotropic phonon anharmonicity in ternary ZrGeTe4 single crystals
Authors: ur Rehman Zia , Muhammad Nisar , Muhammad Zahir , Kipczak Łucja , Islam Rajibul , Alarfaji Saleh S. , Babiński Adam , Molas Maciej R. , Liu Fengguang , Zhao Weisheng
Published: September 2024

Ternary two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides have gained immense attention because of their ability to overcome the intrinsic limitations of their binary counterparts. Layered 2D materials are important for future electronic and photonic devices owing to their low structural symmetry and in-plane anisotropy with tunable bandgap. Herein, the electronic structure and detailed vibrational properties of bulk ZrGeTe4 layered single crystals were investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and Raman scattering (RS). The ARPES results revealed an anisotropic Fermi surface of different momentum along kx and ky from the zone center and an anisotropic band structure with varying band curvatures along the high-symmetry directions. Furthermore, the RS of ZrGeTe4 was investigated under different polarizations and varying temperatures. The polarized RS exhibited twofold and fourfold symmetry orientations in different configurations, revealing the anisotropic phonon dispersions for bulk ZrGeTe4. The observed softening of Raman modes was corroborated with the anharmonic phonon dispersion, which was further supported by our third-order force constant calculations of thermal transport using density functional theory. Low lattice thermal conductivity with increasing temperature is linked with enhanced phonon–phonon scattering, which is evident from the decreased phonon lifetime and peak linewidth. In addition to these fundamental aspects, the anisotropic nature and unique layered structure of such materials reveal their bright future for next-generation nanoelectronic applications.
Insulin-inspired hippocampal neuron–targeting technology for protein drug delivery
Authors: Kamei Noriyasu , Ikeda Kento , Ohmoto Yuka , Fujisaki Seita , Shirata Ryusei , Maki Maya , Miyata Mika , Miyauchi Yuki , Nishiyama Nanaka , Yamada Mana , Ohigashi Yuna , Takeda-Morishita Mariko
Published: September 2024

Hippocampal neurons can be the first to be impaired with neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most drug candidates for causal therapy of AD cannot either enter the brain or accumulate around hippocampal neurons. Here, we genetically engineered insulin-fusion proteins, called hippocampal neuron–targeting (Ht) proteins, for targeting protein drugs to hippocampal neurons because insulin tends to accumulate in the neuronal cell layers of the hippocampus. In vitro examinations clarified that insulin and Ht proteins were internalized into the cultured hippocampal neurons through insulin receptor–mediated macropinocytosis. Cysteines were key determinants of the delivery of Ht proteins to hippocampal neurons, and insulin B chain mutant was most potent in delivering cargo proteins. In vivo accumulation of Ht proteins to hippocampal neuronal layers occurred after intracerebroventricular administration. Thus, hippocampal neuron–targeting technology can provide great help for developing protein drugs against neurodegenerative disorders.
Do speakers’ gestures affect listeners’ understanding of temporal relationships between events?
Authors: Yoshida Kai , Sekine Kazuki
Published: September 2024

This study investigated how the direction and movement of gestures affect mental representations of time. Previous
research by Tversky and Jamalian (2021) demonstrated that gestures influence how people
perceive temporal relationships, with participants’ drawings reflecting the shape (circular or linear) of the gestures they
observed. However, the influence of gesture direction was not examined. In the present study, 50 Japanese adults were exposed to
different types of gestures, including leftward and rightward linear or circular gestures. Participants were then asked to draw
diagrams representing the temporal flow of events. The results showed significant associations between the type of gesture and the
participants’ drawings. Specifically, the direction and form of the gestures — whether leftward or rightward, linear or circular —
significantly influenced how participants depicted temporal relationships. These findings highlight the importance of both gesture
direction and movement in shaping individuals’ mental representations of time.
Observation of Zero-Energy Modes with Possible Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking on Step Edge of CaKFe4As4
Authors: Cao 曹 Lu 路 , Li 李 Geng 更 , Liu 刘 Wenyao 文尧 , Liu 刘 Ya-Bin 亚彬 , Chen 陈 Hui 辉 , Xing 邢 Yuqing 宇庆 , Kong 孔 Lingyuan 令元 , Yang 杨 Fazhi 发枝 , Hu 胡 Quanxin 全欣 , Li 李 Meng 萌 , Zhou 周 Xingtai 兴泰 , Chen 陈 Zichao 子超 , Ke 柯 Chenhang 晨航 , Hu 胡 Lunhui 仑辉 , Cao 曹 Guang-Han 光旱 , Wu 吴 Congjun 从军 , Ding 丁 Hong 洪 , Gao 高 Hong-Jun 鸿钧
Published: September 2024

Topologically nontrivial Fe-based superconductors attract extensive attentions due to their ability of hosting Majorana zero modes (MZMs) which could be used for topological quantum computation. Topological defects such as vortex lines are required to generate MZMs. Here, we observe the robust edge states along the surface steps of CaKFe4As4. Remarkably, the tunneling spectra show a sharp zero-bias peak (ZBP) with multiple integer-quantized states at the step edge under zero magnetic field. We propose that the increasing hole doping around step edges may drive the local superconductivity into a state with possible spontaneous time-reversal symmetry breaking. Consequently, the ZBP can be interpreted as an MZM in an effective vortex in the superconducting topological surface state by proximity to the center of a tri-junction with different superconducting order parameters. Our results provide new insights into the interplay between topology and unconventional superconductivity, and pave a new path to generate MZMs without magnetic field.
Computational electron–phonon superconductivity: from theoretical physics to material science
Authors: Chen Shiya , Zheng Feng , Zhang Zhen , Wu Shunqing , Ho Kai-Ming , Antropov Vladimir , Sun Yang
Published: September 2024

The search for room-temperature superconductors is a major challenge in modern physics. The discovery of copper-oxide superconductors in 1986 brought hope but also revealed complex mechanisms that are difficult to analyze and compute. In contrast, the traditional electron–phonon coupling (EPC) mechanism facilitated the practical realization of superconductivity (SC) in metallic hydrogen. Since 2015, the discovery of new hydrogen compounds has shown that EPC can enable room-temperature SC under high pressures, driving extensive research. Advances in computational capabilities, especially exascale computing, now allow for the exploration of millions of materials. This paper reviews newly predicted superconducting systems in 2023–2024, focusing on hydrides, boron–carbon systems, and compounds with nitrogen, carbon, and pure metals. Although many computationally predicted high-Tcsuperconductors were not experimentally confirmed, some low-temperature superconductors were successfully synthesized. This paper provides a review of these developments and future research directions.
Multivariate growth analysis on D019–phase Mn3Ga kagome–based topological antiferromagnets
Authors: Chang Wei-Chih , Cheng Anqi , Gao Yangjun , Xu Feiya , Li Xu , Wu Yaping , Wu Zhiming , Kang Junyong
Published: September 2024

The combination of antiferromagnetism and topological properties in Mn3X (X = Sn,Ge,Ga) offers a unique platform to explore novel spin–dependent phenomena and develop innovative spintronic devices. Here, we have systematically investigated the phase transition of Mn3Ga thin films on SiO2(001)/Si substrates under various growth parameters such as seeding layer structure, annealing conditions, and film thickness. The relatively thick Mn3Ga films grown with Ru seeding exhibit a variety of polycrystalline hexagonal phases, including (002), and (201). The addition of a Ta layer to the conventional Ru seeding layer promotes the formation of nearly single–crystal antiferromagnetic (AF) Mn3Ga(002) phase from the relatively thin Mn3Ga films after annealing at 773 K. The investigation of the growth mechanism of Mn3Ga polycrystalline thin films provides a reference strategy for exploring Mn–based AF spintronic devices.
Reciprocal or nonreciprocal bimolecular interface and quantum entanglement
Authors: Wang Xing-Chen , Wang Jing-Wei , Cao Lian-Zhen , Zhao Jia-Qiang , Lü Dong-Yan , Sui Ji-Xiang , Dong Xiu-Juan , Li Bo , Wang Guang-Hui , Zhou Yuan
Published: September 2024

We study a hybrid system of a plasmonic cavity coupled to a pair of different molecular vibration modes with the strong optomechanical-like interactions. Here, this plasmonic cavity is considered as a quantum data bus and then assist several applications. For instance, it can first establish a bimolecular interface to ensure the reciprocal or non-reciprocal information transmission, and then engineer both molecules into the steady-state quantum entanglement of the continuous variable through the dissipative method. In contrast to the traditional optomechanical system, this hybrid system can provide the stronger optomechanical-like interactions and more convenient controls to the molecular quantum units. This investigation is believed to be able to further expand the practical application range of quantum technology.
Why do things expand on heating? A discussion on the need for asymmetric potentials to understand thermal expansion
Authors: Luchi Guilherme , Heidemann Leonardo , Prado Sandra
Published: September 2024

Understanding thermal expansion is pivotal in various contexts such as comprehending sea level rise due to climate change. Considering the importance of these topics for physics education, this article aims to clarify the characteristics of the models used to represent and explain thermal expansion. Limitations of the linear expansion equation commonly found in textbooks are shown, emphasising the importance of conceptual discussion about thermal expansion. Microscopic models are also explored, demonstrating the inadequacy of the harmonic oscillator model in explaining thermal expansion and introducing the necessity of employing asymmetric potentials. Through the graphic of the Lennard-Jones potential and an algebraic deduction akin to Enrico Fermi’s approach, the thermal expansion of solids and its relation with asymmetric interactions is explored.