bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identités – Sexualités
Authors: Zervis Christos
Published: December 2019

L’auteur propose d’étudier l’impact des structurations psychiques – faites grâce à des « langages » et des codes symboliques qui s’imposent par le social lors du développement psycho-sexuel – sur la constitution parallèle de l’identité sexuelle et de l’objet sexuel. La conclusion est que l’objet de la pulsion provient de la partie clivée du contenu identitaire du moi lors du passage symbolique. C’est le terrain représentationnel auto-érotique où se rencontrent l’identitaire avec l’objectal.
Balafres du corps, genre neutre
Authors: Cupa Dominique
Published: December 2019

Le dépassement du complexe de castration dépend des stades préœdipiens qui, en après-coup, apparaissent comme des précurseurs de la castration. S’ils sont trop traumatiques, comme lors d’une maladie somatique chronique, les conflits qui en résultent tendent à se résoudre par le genre neutre. Le travail analytique peut concourir à la construction de fantasmes de scène primitive qui réorganisent en partie la conflictualité ambivalentielle et celle de la bisexualité psychique via les identifications.
Couleurs originaires du féminin et du masculin
Authors: de Vriendt-Goldman Claire
Published: December 2019

« Psyché originaire est bisexuelle, n’en sait rien. » La psyché de l’ infans est soumise à des messages compromis par des éléments du sexuel infantile parental. Cette contamination s’inscrit sous forme de traces sensorimotrices et émotionnelles, constituant un fond protorepésentatif originaire, qui, la vie durant, pourra être utilisé dans les intégrations bisexuelles imputables aux modelages psychiques, mais aussi biologiques, familiaux, culturels et sociétaux.
Discussion : l’investissement de la bisexualité de l’enfant par les parents
Authors: de Vriendt-Goldman Claire , Suarez-Labat Hélène
Published: December 2019

Les auteures reprennent la discussion menée à la suite de leurs interventions afin d’éclairer les différents niveaux d’identifications primaires et secondaires en jeu dans l’investissement de la bisexualité de l’enfant par les parents. Elles retiennent trois mouvements pour analyser les principales voies d’intégration de la bisexualité psychique chez l’enfant, ses effets sur la psyché parentale et ses multiples implications dans les relations avec l’analyste.
Le psychanalyste et le psychésoma. Transformer le destin en destinée, un enjeu psychosomatique
Authors: Press Jacques
Published: December 2019

L’auteur reprend la distinction établie par C. Bollas entre destin et destinée et soutient qu’elle comporte une dimension psychosomatique fondamentale. Transformer le destin inéluctable en une destinée assumée constituerait l’enjeu de toute vie et engage l’entièreté du psychosoma. Il en donne un exemple clinique, celui d’un patient dont il a pu suivre le parcours et les somatisations sur près de trente ans.
Construction de la capacité de représentation
Authors: Anzieu-Premmereur Christine
Published: December 2019

La rencontre avec une mère suicidaire et son nouveau-né, puis la thérapie analytique de la dyade pendant 5 années, ont permis un travail de construction d’un espace psychique et de jeux sensoriels autour de la peau et du tonus moteur. L’activité de construction de l’analyste passe par un travail de ressenti et de pensée où la nécessité économique l’emporte, l’analyste remplissant la fonction d’un moi-auxiliaire. Travail aux origines de la constitution de la représentation, où corps et sexualité infantile sont au premier plan.
Jeux de langage philosophiques. Jeux de langage poétiques. Wittgenstein et Ponge
Authors: Batt Noëlle
Published: December 2019

En s’appuyant sur la notion de « ressemblance de famille » développée par Wittgenstein dans les Recherches philosophiques et préparée par les paragraphes des Dictées. À Friedrich Waismann et pour Moritz Schlick consacrés aux concepts de « vague », de « flou », de « mal délimité », cet article se propose de procéder à une comparaison entre les enjeux et les modalités concrètes des jeux de langage relevant chez Wittgenstein d’une grammaire philosophique et ceux auxquels donne lieu l’écriture poétique, en étudiant tout particulièrement les combinaisons langagières que propose le poète Francis Ponge dans « La Mounine ou note après coup sur un ciel de Provence », extrait du volume La Rage de l’expression.
Pragmatique de la relation/propriété interne : l’aspect
Authors: R. Moreno Arley
Published: December 2019

Un bon exemple d’exigence éthique en même temps que théorique, en philosophie, est celui de l’évolution de la conception de relation interne ou propriété interne dans la pensée de Wittgenstein, du Tractatus à ses derniers écrits. Ce qui en réalité peut surprendre, dans cet exemple, est de constater une proximité complexe entre deux domaines traditionnellement aussi éloignés que ceux de l’Éthique et de l’Épistémologie.
Les historiens tunisiens face à la justice transitionnelle : autopsie d’un conflit
Authors: Znaien Nessim
Published: December 2019

L’objet de cet article est d’étudier, au moyen d’une dizaine d’entretiens semi-directifs, les relations entre le processus de justice transitionnelle et les historiens professionnels tunisiens, dans un contexte où très peu d’entre eux ont participé aux activités d’une instance, censée pourtant interroger l’histoire tunisienne depuis plus de soixante ans. Le conflit entre l’Instance Vérité et Dignité (IVD) et la majeure partie de la sphère académique s’est cristallisé en deux temps. Tout d’abord à partir de 2014, l’IVD est rentrée en concurrence avec les Archives nationales pour la récupération et la constitution d’un fond de documents concernant les années de la dictature. Par la suite, certains membres de l’IVD ont appelé à « réécrire l’histoire » ou ont pris directement position sur certaines questions historiographiques, provoquant l’ire de certains historiens. La médiatisation soudaine de certaines questions historiographiques ou des enjeux entourant les archives a ainsi pu faire accéder certains historiens à des réseaux politiques ou à la sphère médiatique accélérant la constitution de rapports de force, entre différents réseaux, et participant à un remodelage des courants académiques, initié dès les années 1990.
Les marques transcodiques dans les disciplines non linguistiques
Authors: Faupin Elisabeth
Published: December 2019

Dans cette contribution nous analysons les marques transcodiques dans les cours de mathématiques et d’histoire-géographie en collège. La question qui se dégage ici est la manière dont les langues des élèves pourraient être utilisées par l’enseignant en classe pour véhiculer le savoir disciplinaire et comme tremplin vers la langue de scolarisation afin de faciliter le processus d’intégration scolaire et sociale.
Paroles de migrants
Authors: Pascaud Antoine
Published: December 2019

À partir d’enquêtes réalisées auprès des communautés portugaise, espagnole et grecque de Bordeaux, nous proposons d’interroger la place de l’école dans le bilinguisme français/langue d’origine chez les migrants. Certaines alternatives mises en place par les communautés (associations) ou par les migrants eux-mêmes (transmission intergénérationnelle, retour dans le pays d’origine) seront également examinées.
Complexité énonciative et structurelle dans les romans de la première moitié du XXe siècle
Authors: Djebbar Imène
Published: December 2019

Puisque la littérature de la première moitié du XXe siècle s’intéressait moins au contenu fictionnel qu’à la structure de l’œuvre, moins à l’énoncé qu’à la situation d’énonciation, cette recherche se propose d’étudier la complexité énonciative et structurelle dont faisait preuve le roman de cette période. Pour cela, il s’agit dans cet article d’interroger le lien existant entre narration, forme et structure dans deux romans illustres de la première moitié du XXe siècle : L’Atlantide de Pierre Benoit et L’Immoraliste d’André Gide.
Zhuangzi et l’Anthropocène
Authors: Gaffric Gwennaël , Heurtebise Jean-Yves
Published: December 2019

Le Zhuangzi, célèbre recueil de textes philosophiques écrits entre le IIIe et le IVe siècles en Chine, bénéficie aujourd’hui d’un regain d’intérêt manifesté par les philosophes de toutes nationalités s’intéressant aux questions d’éthique environnementale. Nous essayons de porter un regard critique sur la manière dont ce « canon de la spiritualité orientale » est présenté comme un antidote « non-occidental » aux nouveaux défis de notre temps nés de la crise écologique et de l’entrée dans l’Anthropocène, prétendument nés de l’Occident
« Hirvi Dharti, Stri Shakti, Manav Murti »
Authors: Burgart Goutal Jeanne
Published: December 2019

En quoi les concepts et points de vue développés par le féminisme, à première vue sans lien avec la crise environnementale, permettent-ils en fait de féconder la pensée écologiste ? À travers l'étude des discussions que l'écoféminisme a tissées au fil du temps avec d'autres courants, je voudrais montrer que, loin de n'être qu'un cas particulier de la pensée écologiste, il constitue un outil de critique et de dépassement de la façon même dont les problèmes y sont généralement posés
La métaphore du viol de la terre
Authors: Moutel Noémie
Published: December 2019

Le concept métaphorique que cet article propose d’étudier est celui du viol de la terre. C’est à la lumière des constats écoféministes contemporains, qui soulignent la consubstantialité de l’exploitation des femmes et des ressources naturelles, qu’il nous semble pertinent d’observer la récurrence de cette métaphore dans les représentations culturelles occidentales. Il s’agit ainsi de rendre saillant un mode de pensée et d’action caractéristique du néo-libéralisme blanc et patriarcal
Dans le labyrinthe du film-cerveau : du concept à l’espace mental
Authors: Beylot Pierre
Published: December 2019

Quel rapport le cinéma entretient-il avec la pensée ? C’est au travers de la métaphore du « film-cerveau » proposée par Gilles Deleuze que nous envisageons cette question sous trois aspects : celui de la pensée en acte du cinéaste qui déploie une armature conceptuelle qui enveloppe et circonscrit le développement du récit sans que, cependant, celui-ci lui soit totalement inféodé ; le deuxième aspect est celui du monde fictionnel envisagé comme monde-cerveau peuplé de figures – monolithe, labyrinthe, huis clos… – où se cristallise la relation entre espace mental et espace physique ; enfin, la corporéité du film-cerveau s’affirme dans la relation entre l’œil et le cerveau quand le cinéma de Kubrick donne à voir des univers mentaux obsessionnels et traumatiques et souligne en même temps les limites de cette exploration psychique. Ce parcours dans le labyrinthe du film-cerveau sera mené au travers d’une période particulièrement dense de la création kubrickienne, allant de 2001 (1968) à Shining (1980).
Les Masques de la vanité. Kubrick, Schnitzler, Ophüls, Maupassant
Authors: Plasseraud Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

Adaptation de La Nouvelle Rêvée d’Arthur Schnitzler, Eyes Wide Shut propose une bifurcation intertextuelle au cours de laquelle le film intègre au récit, qui dans l’ensemble suit plutôt fidèlement celui de la nouvelle, une référence au premier sketch du Plaisir de Max Ophüls. Cette référence est l’occasion d’une étude sur les jeux de renvois qu’opère Kubrick entre Schnitzler, Maupassant et Ophüls, qui oriente l’interprétation que l’on peut donner du film dans le sens d’une réflexion sur la vanité de l’existence, thème qui se trouve chez ces trois auteurs mais que Kubrick prolonge à sa manière.
The Kubrick Cinematic UniverseMethod
Authors: Munday Rod
Published: December 2019

Cet article explore l’œuvre de Kubrick en tant qu’univers cinématique. Le terme d’univers cinématique origine chez les fans de comics, de films et de séries télévisées désireux de perpétuer un univers narratif, et a récemment été récupéré par les producteurs de franchises cinématographiques à succès telles que la saga Star Wars. Ces utilisations du terme permettent d’en proposer une définition, soit un système clos dans lequel une méta-narration de cet « univers » représente la synthèse de diverses narrations jusqu’alors développées séparément et isolément. Nous appliquerons les concepts issus de la topologie des réseaux à l’étude textuelle des films de Kubrick. L’internet offre un exemple de système auto-organisé qui fait l’objet d’une branche des mathématiques appelée topologie des réseaux. Ce qui était auparavant envisagé comme un réseau de distribution aléatoire (constitué de serveurs informatiques et de réseaux) est désormais compris comme un réseau invariant d’échelle, une plateforme de correspondances auto-organisée. Ces découvertes furent appliquées à l’étude de nombreux phénomènes allant des cellules aux galaxies. On peut ainsi inférer que tout mode d’auto-organisation suit ce même schéma. Nous étudierons par conséquent le corpus filmique de Kubrick comme un réseau invariant d’échelle (en nous concentrant sur ses trois premières œuvres pour les besoins de cet article) et appliquerons les principes de la topologie des réseaux afin d’en explorer les points communs et les différences, et ce avec un double objectif : il s’agira de découvrir les correspondances auto-organisées de l’univers kubrickien (ces thèmes et motifs grâce auxquels l’œuvre trouve son unité), et d’en déduire les questionnements centraux du cinéaste Kubrick. Cette approche explore ainsi une nouvelle méthode permettant d’étudier le travail d’un auteur en se concentrant sur son corpus plutôt que sur une œuvre individuelle.
Presidential Address to The 14th National Council Meeting of the South African Society of Physiotherapy
Authors: Levy K. M.
Published: December 2019

No abstract available
The at risk autistic child and his familiy
Authors: Bührmann M. V.
Published: December 2019

Autism is a poorly understood and obscure condition. This article clarifies some of the diverse causes and symptoms of the condition. The role of the physiotherapist in the treatment of the autistic child has not been explored in South Africa and the author offers some suggestions as to the areas in which physiotherapy could be of use.
A reappraisal of evaluation of final year student performance
Authors: Hill Jennifer M.
Published: December 2019

The author takes a look at evaluation of the physiotherapy student. She discusses the criteria necessary for evaluation and gives some suggestions as to methods which can be used.
Understanding the specific nature of the East Asia Neolithic transition
Authors: Yanshina Oksana
Published: December 2019

The main subject of this article is to define the specific nature of the Palaeolithic-Neolithic transition in East Asia. A comparative analysis of regional East Asian data was run in order to achieve this. As a result, three dissimilar models of the Neolithic transition were distinguished: Meso-Neolithic, Subneolithic, and Neolithic proper. The first and last are similar to their counterparts in the western part of Eurasia, but the Subneolithic is unique for East Asia. Regarding chronology, two stages of Neolithic transition can be clearly recognized in this region. The new Subneolithic type of hunter-gatherer cultures occurred during the first stage around the Sea of Japan. At the second stage, the transition to food production started in central and north-central China. In between, there was a cultural, spatial and temporal gap splitting up the transitional process into two isolated episodes.
‘Robust chronologies’ or ‘Bayesian illusion’? Some critical remarks on the use of chronological modelling
Authors: Strien Hans-Christoph
Published: December 2019

The explanatory power of Bayesian chronological modelling is often overestimated, leading to an uncritical belief in the reliability of each isolated model without the necessary look at archaeological connections between different models. The methodical pitfalls of this approach, especially in combination with inaccurate use of typochronological methods, are highlighted for Linear Pottery Culture (ger. Linienbandkeramik – LBK) and Middle Neolithic chronological models from Central Europe (Jakucs et al. 2016; Denaire et al. 2017; Bánffy et al. 2018). A more critical approach to Bayesian modelling, considering possible mathematical artefacts and the deficits of the actual calibration curve as well as the inherent imprecision of the used typochronological dates, seems to be required.
Real and ideal European maritime transfers along the Atlantic coast during the Neolithic
Authors: Cassen Serge , Rodríguez-Rellán Carlos , Fábregas Valcarce Ramon , Grimaud Valentin , Pailler Yvan , Schulz Paulsson Bettina
Published: December 2019

The history of research on the Neolithic of the Atlantic façade shows how speculation about prehistoric mobility, especially across the sea, is mainly based on three types of archaeological evidence: megalithic monuments, rare stones, and pottery decoration. With the aim of approaching the issue from other perspectives, we have focused on the Morbihan area, a focal point of the European Neolithic during the mid-5th millennium BC. The analysis of this area has allowed us to grasp which objects, ideas and beliefs may have been desired, adopted and imitated at the time. We shall begin with an architectural concept, the standing stone. These were sometimes engraved with signs that can be directly compared between Brittany, Galicia (NW Spain) and Portugal, but for which there are no intermediate parallels in other areas of the French or Spanish coast. The unique accumulation and transformation of polished blades made of Alpine rocks and found inside tombs or in other sort of depositions in the Carnac region allowed us to establish a second link with Galicia and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, where certain types of the axes were imitated using a set of different rocks (sillimanite, amphibolite). Finally, the variscites and turquoises from different Spanish regions were used for the manufacture of beads and pendants at the Carnacean tombs, without it being possible – once again – to retrieve similar objects in the intermediate areas. The mastery ofdirect Atlantic sea routes is posed as an explanation for this geographical distribution. But, beyond the information drawn from specific artefacts – whose presence/absence should not be used in excess as an argument to endorse or underrate such movements across the ocean – we will return to a more poetic and universal phenomenon: the spell of the sea. Therefore, we will focus on the depictions of boats on the stelae of Morbihan to open such a debate.
The meaning of projectile points in the Late Neolithic of the Northern Levant
Authors: Dietrich Laura , Rokitta-Krumnow Dörte , Dietrich Oliver
Published: December 2019

Our contribution explores the possibilities of inferring the functions of Late Neolithic projectile points from the settlement of Shir, Syria. Use-wear and metrical values are applied to differentiate between arrowheads, darts and thrusting spears, followed by a discussion of hints for use for hunting or as weapons for interpersonal conflict. Weapons get larger and more visible exactly in the moment when hunting declines as a basis for subsistence. This economical transformation would have produced considerable change for individuals who previously defined themselves as hunters. The social practice of hunting may (at least partially) have been substituted by prowess in interpersonal conflict.
New interdisciplinary research on Neolithic-Eneolithic sites in the Low Volga River region
Authors: Kulkova Marianna A. , Vybornov Alexandr A. , Yudin Aleksandr , Doga Nataliya , Popov Aleksandr
Published: December 2019

The Neolithic and Eneolithic sites in the Low Volga River region have been poorly investigated in comparison with other territories due to a small number of excavated sites. On the Algay site and the Oroshaemoe I settlement there is evidence of the earliest appearance of Neolithic pottery and the first sign of domestication in the Eneolithic period within the Volgo-Ural territory. Archaeological, lithological, grain-size analyses, mineralogical-geochemical methods and radiocarbon dating of cultural deposits have been applied to reconstruct the palaeoenvironment in the Holocene in this area. The results show that the landscape-climatic conditions in the steppe area of the Lower Volga basin strongly affected the development and adaptation of ancient societies.
New Uruk finds in NW Iran:
Authors: Abedi Akbar , Heidari Reza , Salimi Salah , Eskandari Nasir
Published: December 2019

During 2007 archaeological survey of Little Zab River in Sardasht district in northwest Iran, six typical Uruk (Uruk-related) sites were brought to light. One of the important ones is Tepe Badamyar Rabat, with typical Bevelled Rim Bowls pottery that is considered as the first evidence of Uruk materials in northwest Iran. In addition to Rabat, the Uruk materials found in Tepe Baghi, Tepe Waliv, Tepe Molla Yousef, Tepe Lavin and Tepe Goman provide an opportunity for studying the one millennium gap between Hasanlu VIIIA (Pisdeli) and VIIC (Kura-Araxes) in the southern parts of Lake Urmia, which is seen as a key unknown period in the archaeology of NW Iran. The Uruk evidence found in the mentioned sites mainly belongs to the Middle and Late Uruk periods (3600/3500–3100 BC).
Barcın Höyük, a seventh millennium settlement in the Eastern Marmara region of Turkey
Authors: Gerritsen Fokke , Özbal Rana
Published: December 2019

Recent excavations at the site of Barcın Höyük provide a detailed view of a settlement founded and inhabited during the early stages of the Neolithic of the Marmara Region of northwestern Anatolia. The occupation history of the site complements and extends further back in time the regional sequence as it had been established for the eastern Marmara Region on the basis of excavations at nearby Mentese, Aktopraklık and Ilıpınar, and Fikirtepe and Pendik in the Istanbul environs. The site of Barcın Höyük is therefore of critical importance for our understanding of the initial neolithisation of northwestern Anatolia. This paper summarizes some of the main findings of the Barcın Höyük excavations with regard to the Neolithic occupation phases.
The first vs. second stage of neolithisation in Polish territories (to say nothing of the third?)
Authors: Nowak Marek
Published: December 2019

The origins of the Neolithic in Polish territories are associated with migrations of groups of the Linear Band Pottery culture (LBK) after the mid-6th millennium BC. Communities of this culture only settled in enclaves distinguished by ecological conditions favourable to farming (‘LBK neolithisation’). This situation persisted into the 5th millennium BC, when these enclaves were inhabited by post-Linear groups. This state of affairs changed from c. 4000 BC onwards due to the formation and spectacular territorial expansion of the Funnel Beaker culture (TRB). In the territories under consideration this expansion covered the areas previously inhabited by both hunter-gatherers (‘TRB neolithisation’) and farmers. Some of the Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers did not accept TRB patterns. They successfully carried on their traditional lifestyle until the Early Bronze Age although some changes in their material culture are visible (including ‘ceramisation’).
The Early Neolithic pottery of Keçiçayiri and its place in the North-western Anatolian Neolithisation process
Authors: Sari Deniz , Akyol Semsettin
Published: December 2019

The region of Inner North-western Anatolia was a key node in the transmission of the Neolithic lifestyle from the Near East to Marmara, and from there to the Balkans and the rest of Europe. It formed the intersection between several important routes and trade networks, and the settlement of Keçiçayırı, the subject of this paper, had an essential role in the transfer of cultural elements during the Neolithic. The settlement is located on a natural communication route that connects the region of Emirdag-Bolvadin with Eskisehir across the mountainous area of Phrygia, between the distribution areas of the Hacılar and Fikirtepe cultural groups. Finds from the site include both Pre-Pottery Neolithic material and Early Neolithic ceramics, and it is therefore among the earliest permanent settlements of the Eskisehir region, and contains some of the earliest evidence for the Neolithisation process. In this paper, the pottery assemblage of the Early Neolithic settlement at Keçiçayırı is discussed, and its place in the spread of Neolithisation from the Near East to Northwestern Anatolia is evaluated when compared to other known sites.
Oligopoly price discrimination, competitive pressure and total output
Authors: Aguirre Iñaki
Published: December 2019

This paper extends the traditional analysis of the output effect under monopoly (third-degree) price discrimination to a multimarket oligopoly. The author shows that under oligopoly price discrimination, differences in competitive pressure, measured by the number of firms, across markets are more important than the relative demand curvature when determining the effect on total output.
Impact van IFRS 15
Authors: Van der Kuij-Groenberg Katja , Pronk Maarten
Published: December 2019

IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers is voor het eerst van toepassing op jaarrekeningen met een boekjaar aanvangend op of na 1 januari 2018. Wij analyseren de effecten van deze nieuwe standaard voor 66 Europese beursgenoteerde ondernemingen. In een meerderheid van de onderzochte jaarrekeningen is het effect van de eerste toepassing van IFRS 15 op eigen vermogen en omzet niet materieel. Bedrijfstakken die het meest zijn geraakt, zijn Telecommunications en Utilities. De timing van de omzet wordt het meest genoemd als oorzaak van de impact, gevolgd door het activeren van de kosten van het verkrijgen van een contract. De werkelijke impact wijkt niet veel af van de vorig jaar ingeschatte impact.
Klimaatgerelateerde informatie in het jaarverslag
Authors: Kamp-Roelands Nancy , Van den Ende Hugo , De Jong Martijn
Published: December 2019

Klimaatverandering heeft een steeds grotere impact op onze maatschappij. Ook de financiële gevolgen worden steeds zichtbaarder. De Europese commissie heeft daarom als aanvulling op de richtlijn niet-financiële informatie in juli 2019 meer gedetailleerde aanbevelingen gepubliceerd voor klimaatgerelateerde informatie in de verantwoording door ondernemingen. Dit onderzoek, onder AEX- en AMX-ondernemingen, toont aan dat ondernemingen in het bestuursverslag met name transparant zijn over operationele aspecten van klimaat in de bedrijfsvoering. Informatie over meer strategische aspecten, inbedding in remuneratie en risicomanagement kan verder worden verbeterd. Als we de onderzochte ondernemingen analyseren naar omvang in omzet, dan zijn de grotere ondernemingen in het algemeen transparanter dan de kleinere ondernemingen. De grotere ondernemingen verstrekken meer detailinformatie over de relevante onderwerpen over klimaat dan de kleinere ondernemingen.
An increase in methane emissions from tropical Africa between 2010 and 2016 inferred from satellite data
Authors: Lunt Mark F. , Palmer Paul I. , Feng Liang , Taylor Christopher M. , Boesch Hartmut , Parker Robert J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Emissions of methane (CH4) from tropical ecosystems, and how they
respond to changes in climate, represent one of the biggest
uncertainties associated with the global CH4 budget. Historically,
this has been due to the dearth of pan-tropical in situ measurements,
which is particularly acute in Africa. By virtue of their superior
spatial coverage, satellite observations of atmospheric CH4
columns can help to narrow down some of the uncertainties in the
tropical CH4 emission budget. We use proxy column retrievals of
atmospheric CH4 (XCH4) from the Japanese Greenhouse gases
Observing Satellite (GOSAT) and the nested version of the GEOS-Chem
atmospheric chemistry and transport model
(0.5∘×0.625∘) to infer emissions from tropical
Africa between 2010 and 2016. Proxy retrievals of XCH4 are less
sensitive to scattering due to clouds and aerosol than full physics retrievals, but the method assumes
that the global distribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) is known. We
explore the sensitivity of inferred a posteriori emissions to
this source of systematic error by using two different XCH4 data
products that are determined using different model CO2 fields. We
infer monthly emissions from GOSAT XCH4 data using a hierarchical
Bayesian framework, allowing us to report seasonal cycles and trends
in annual mean values. We find mean tropical African emissions between 2010 and 2016 range
from 76 (74–78) to 80 (78–82) Tg yr−1,
depending on the proxy XCH4 data used, with larger differences in
Northern Hemisphere Africa than Southern Hemisphere Africa. We find a
robust positive linear trend in tropical African CH4 emissions for our 7-year study period, with values of 1.5 (1.1–1.9) Tg yr−1
or 2.1 (1.7–2.5) Tg yr−1, depending on the CO2 data
product used in the proxy retrieval. This linear emissions trend accounts for around a third of the global emissions growth rate during this period. A substantial portion of this increase is due to a short-term increase in emissions of 3 Tg yr−1 between 2011 and 2015 from the Sudd in South Sudan. Using satellite land surface temperature anomalies and altimetry data, we find this increase in CH4 emissions is consistent with an increase in wetland extent due to increased inflow from the White Nile, although the data indicate that the Sudd was anomalously dry at the start of our inversion period. We find a strong seasonality in emissions across Northern Hemisphere Africa, with the timing of the seasonal emissions peak coincident with the seasonal peak in ground water storage. In contrast, we find that a posteriori CH4 emissions from the wetland area of the Congo Basin are approximately constant throughout the year, consistent with less temporal variability in wetland extent, and significantly smaller than a priori estimates.
Quantifying burning efficiency in Megacities using NO2 / CO ratio from the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI)
Authors: Lama Srijana , Houweling Sander , Boersma K. Folkert , Aben Ilse , van der Gon Hugo A. C. Denier , Krol Maarten C. , Dolman A. J. , Borsdorff Tobias , Lorente Alba
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This study investigates the use of co-located NO2 and CO retrievals from the TROPOMI satellite to improve the quantification of burning efficiency and emission factors over the mega-cities of Tehran, Mexico City, Cairo, Riyadh, Lahore and Los Angeles. Local enhancement of CO and NO2 above megacities are well captured by TROPOMI at relatively short averaging times. In this study, the Upwind Background and Plume rotation methods are used to investigate the accuracy of satellite derived ∆NO2 / ∆CO ratios. The column enhancement ratios derived using these two methods vary by 5 to 30 % across the selected megacities. TROPOMI derived column enhancement ratios are compared with emission ratios from the EDGAR v4.3.2 and MACCity, 2018 emission inventories. TROPOMI correlates strongly (r = 0.85 and 0.7) with EDGAR and MACCity showing the highest emission ratio for Riyadh and lowest for Lahore. However, inventory derived emission ratios are higher by 60 to 80 % compared to TROPOMI column enhancement ratios across the six megacities. The short lifetime of NO2 and different vertical sensitivity of TROPOMI NO2 and CO explain most of this difference. We present a method to translate TROPOMI retrieved column enhancement ratios into corresponding emission ratio, accounting for these influences. Except for Los Angeles, TROPOMI derived emission ratios are close (within 10 to 25 %) to MACCity. For EDGAR, however, emission ratios are higher by ~80 % for Cairo, 30 to 45 % for Riyadh and ~70 % for Los Angeles. The air quality monitoring networks in Los Angeles and Mexico City are used to validate the use of TROPOMI. Over Mexico City, these measurements are consistent with TROPOMI, EDGAR and MACCIty derived emission ratios. For Los Angeles, however, EDGAR and MACCity are higher by a factor 5 compared to TROPOMI. The ground-based measurements are consistent with a poorer burning efficiency in Los Angeles as inferred from TROPOMI, demonstrating its potential to monitor burning efficiency.
Development of on-site self-calibration and retrieval methods for sky-radiometer observations of precipitable water vapor
Authors: Momoi Masahiro , Kudo Rei , Aoki Kazuma , Mori Tatsuhiro , Miura Kazuhiko , Okamoto Hiroshi , Irie Hitoshi , Shoji Yoshinori , Uchiyama Akihiro , Ijima Osamu , Takano Matsumi , Nakajima Teruyuki
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Prede sky-radiometer, whose aerosol channels are calibrated by on-site measurements (the Improved Langley method), has been used for continuous long-term observation of aerosol properties. However, continuous long-term observation of precipitable water vapor (PWV) by sky-radiometer remain challenge, because the water vapor channel is generally calibrated by the standard Langley method at limited observation sites (e.g., the Mauna Loa Observatory). In this study, we developed SKYMAP, a new onsite self-calibration method for the water vapor channel of the Prede sky-radiometer using diffuse radiances normalized by direct solar irradiance. The SKYMAP algorithm consists of three steps. First, aerosol optical and microphysical properties are retrieved using direct solar irradiances and the normalized diffuse radiances at aerosol channels. The aerosol optical properties at the water vapor channel are interpolated from those at aerosol channels. Second, the transmittance of PWV is retrieved using the diffuse radiance normalized to the direct solar irradiance at the water vapor channel, which does not need the calibration constant. Third, the calibration constant at the water vapor channel is estimated from the transmittance of PWV and aerosol optical properties. Intensive sensitivity tests of SKYMAP using simulated data of the sky-radiometer showed that the calibration constant is retrieved reasonably well for PWV < 2 cm, indicating that SKYMAP can calibrate the water vapor channel on-site in dry conditions. Then SKYMAP was applied to actual measurements in the dry season at two sites (Tsukuba and Chiba, Japan). Because the SKYMAP algorithm is useful for clear-sky and low PWV (< 2 cm) conditions, the water vapor channel was calibrated for the dry season. After determining the calibration constant, PWV is able to be retrieved using direct solar irradiances for the whole year. The retrieved PWV values correspond well to those derived from a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, a microwave radiometer, and a AERONET sun-sky radiometer at both sites (correlation coefficient γ > 0.96), indicating that the Prede sky-radiometer provides both aerosol and PWV data based on its unique on-site calibration methods.
A 16-year dataset (2000–2015) of high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global surface solar radiation
Authors: Tang Wenjun , Yang Kun , Qin Jun , Li Xin , Niu Xiaolei
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The recent release of the International Satellite Cloud
Climatology Project (ISCCP) HXG cloud products and new ERA5 reanalysis data
enabled us to produce a global surface solar radiation (SSR) dataset: a
16-year (2000–2015) high-resolution (3 h, 10 km) global SSR dataset using an
improved physical parameterization scheme. The main inputs were cloud
optical depth from ISCCP-HXG cloud products; the water vapor, surface
pressure and ozone from ERA5 reanalysis data; and albedo and aerosol from
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The
estimated SSR data were evaluated against surface observations measured at 42 stations of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and 90 radiation
stations of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). Validation
against the BSRN data indicated that the mean bias error (MBE), root mean
square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R) for the instantaneous SSR
estimates at 10 km scale were −11.5 W m−2, 113.5 W m−2 and 0.92,
respectively. When the estimated instantaneous SSR data were upscaled to 90 km, its error was clearly reduced, with RMSE decreasing to 93.4 W m−2
and R increasing to 0.95. For daily SSR estimates at 90 km scale, the MBE,
RMSE and R at the BSRN were −5.8 W m−2, 33.1 W m−2 and 0.95,
respectively. These error metrics at the CMA radiation stations were 2.1 W m−2, 26.9 W m−2 and 0.95, respectively. Comparisons with other
global satellite radiation products indicated that our SSR estimates were
generally better than those of the ISCCP flux dataset (ISCCP-FD), the global
energy and water cycle experiment surface radiation budget (GEWEX-SRB), and
the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). Our SSR dataset will contribute
to the land-surface process simulations and the photovoltaic applications in
the future. The dataset is available
at  https://doi.org/10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270112 (Tang, 2019).
Stepwise chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace element analysis of microfractured Hadean zircon
Authors: Brenhin Keller C. , Boehnke Patrick , Schoene Blair , Harrison T. Mark
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The Hadean Jack Hills zircons represent the oldest known terrestrial material, providing a unique and truly direct record of Hadean Earth history. This zircon population has been extensively studied via high-spatial-resolution high-throughput in situ isotopic and elemental analysis techniques, such as secondary ionization mass spectrometry (SIMS), but not by comparatively destructive, high-temporal-precision (<0.05 % two-sigma) thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). In order to better understand the lead loss and alteration history of terrestrial Hadean zircons, we conduct stepwise chemical abrasion–isotope dilution–thermal ionization mass spectrometry with trace element analysis (CA-ID-TIMS-TEA) on manually microfractured Hadean Jack Hills zircon fragments previously dated by SIMS. We conducted three successive HF leaching steps on each individual zircon fragment, followed by column chromatography to isolate U–Pb and trace element fractions. Following isotopic and elemental analysis, the result is an independent age and trace element composition for each leachate of each zircon fragment. We observe ∼50 Myr of age heterogeneity in concordant residues from a single zircon grain, along with a protracted history of post-Hadean Pb loss with at least two modes circa ∼0 and 2–4 Ga. Meanwhile, stepwise leachate trace element chemistry reveals enrichments of light rare earth elements, uranium, thorium, and radiogenic lead in early leached domains relative to the zircon residue. In addition to confirming the efficacy of the LREE-I alteration index and providing new insight into the mechanism of chemical abrasion, the interpretation and reconciliation of these results suggest that Pb loss is largely driven by low-temperature aqueous recrystallization and that regional thermal events may act to halt – not initiate – Pb loss from metamict domains in the Hadean Jack Hills zircons.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: December 2019

Journal of Agricultural Studies would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issueReviewers for Volume 4, Number 3 Carlos Alberto Zúniga GonzálezChenlin HuEwa MoliszewskaGerardo OjedaJeong HwanMing-Chi WeiPramod Kumar MishraSahar BahmaniZakaria Fouad AbdallahZhao ChenZoi M. Parissi  Richard WilliamsEditorJournal of Agricultural Studies-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Vol. 6, No. 4, December 2018
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: December 2019

Journal of Agricultural Studies would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 4Abhishek A. Cukkemane, Bijasu Agri Research Laboratory LLP, IndiaAftab Alam, Edenworks Inc. New York, USAAnil Kumar Matta, Vaddeswaram, Guntur dst, IndiaBabak Mohammadi, University of Tehran, IranChenlin Hu, The Ohio State University, USAEben von Well, Agricultural Research Council, South AfricaEliana Mariela Werbin, National University of Cordoba, ArgentinianErnest Baafi, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaIl Rae Rho, Gyeongsang National University, South KoreaJiban Shrestha, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, NepalSait Engindeniz, Ege University Faculty of Agriculture, TurkeySelmi Houc, University of Jandouba, TunisiaServet Aras, Bozok University, TurkeySomaia Alkhair, Alzaeim Alazhari University, Saudi ArabiaSoto Caro Ariel Reinaldo, Universidad de Concepción, ChileZakaria Fouad Abdallah, National Research Centre, Egypt Richard Williams,EditorJournal of Agricultural Studies-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Fall-related self-efficacy in adults poststroke: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Söderborg Jessica , Hellström Karin
Published: December 2019

Aims: The overall aim was to describe and examine if there is a difference between men and women in fall-related self-efficacy (SE). Another aim was to examine the strength of associations between fall-related SE and physical function and health-related quality of life (QoL) in community-living individuals poststroke. Methods: A cros-ssectional study was conducted within two weeks of admission to rehabilitation or first week follow-up after discharge from hospital. Used tests were fall-related self-efficacy (FES-S), Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC), 10 meter walking test (10 mWT), the functional independence measure (FIM), and health-related QoL (EQ5D). The analysis was based on 37 individuals with a mean age off 68.5 years. Results: The results showed that physical factors but not QoL had association with perceived confidence in task performing without falling. No gender difference was shown. Conclusion: In this study physical function was associated with fall-related SE.
La cláusula de mediación como método alternativo de resolución de conflictos en el comercio internacional
Authors: Cortez Raudes Alicia Guadalupe
Published: December 2019

En el presente trabajo de investigación se analiza la institución de la mediación en el marco de las relaciones comerciales, con particular énfasis en la importancia y pertinencia de contener una cláusula de mediación en la estructura de los contratos mercantiles de índole internacional para la solución de controversias de manera alterna a la sede jurisdiccional o arbitral, así como las ventajas que estas ofrece. Se estudia la normativa nacional comparándola con la Ley Modelo sobre Conciliación Comercial propuesta por la CNUDMI, y se realizó una pequeña comparación con la Ley de Mediación sobre asuntos civiles y mercantiles de España.
Elemento punitivo en la figura del castigo corporal en Nicaragua
Authors: Berríos Flores María Belén , Castellón Rocha Noel Enrique
Published: December 2019

El estudio de la figura del castigo corporal y con este la particularidad de las instituciones de poder, no se puede encasillar en una mera disposición académica o en una necesidad impuesta por argumentos de orden económico, político o autoritario. Es también su naturaleza humanista la que da luz al presente artículo, porque en calidad de ser una exigencia el deber de su estudio y difusión, tratamos el ejercicio como aspectos de poderío y la incidencia de estos en la sociedad, todo desde la perspectiva de los principios jurídicos y constitucionales y la condición protectora de los Derechos Humanos.   

En este artículo se exponen tres aspectos principales de estudio del ejercicio punitivo: desarrollo histórico, la reforma al elemento punitivo, su uso y efectos en el actual paradigma normativo y práctico nicaragüense.

Con ese propósito, se hace una revisión crítica de las propuestas que se han sometido a un estudio sobre el fenómeno del evento punitivo, así como del propio sistema penal y la normativa nicaragüense, procurando sistematizar más que en un carácter teórico, de revisión y análisis, una forma de brindar aportes fundamentales que develen también los desaciertos de todo un sistema práctico y normativo.
El proceso monitorio en el sistema jurídico nicaragüense
Authors: Robleto Arana Cristian Alberto
Published: December 2019

El Código Procesal Civil de Nicaragua (Ley No. 902) introdujo el proceso monitorio, aplicable a las reclamaciones de dinero, en cantidad líquida, vencida, y exigible. Es un procedimiento sencillo y ágil, al que pueden acudir los acreedores que dispongan de un principio de prueba documental del crédito que se pretende. Su fin es obtener un título ejecutivo de manera más rápida de lo que supone seguir un proceso declarativo. Este trabajo investigativo expone los principales fundamentos del proceso monitorio, con relación a los requisitos de admisión del requerimiento de pago, la posición que adopta el deudor y que tiene un efecto jurídico, como puede ser el despacho de la ejecución por la cantidad adeudada, así como la oposición que dará lugar a conocer otro procedimiento como es el juicio sumario.
La Educación Intercultural pertinente y de calidad: “un derecho en camino”
Authors: Dixon Carlos Bernardine
Published: December 2019

El objetivo de este ensayo consiste en ofrecer algunas reflexiones sobre la Educación Intercultural en la Regiones Autónomas a partir de las experiencias del Sistema Educativo Autonómico Regional (SEAR) y de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN), dos procesos desarrollados en el área de educación como una reivindicación derecho humano de los pueblos indígenas, afrodescendientes y comunidades étnicas en la región. Procesos, en los que hay grandes avances, también hay muchos retos por superar para avanzar hacia esa educación que un día soñaron mujeres y hombres de la Costa Caribe. Una educación de calidad para y por la vida, es la educación basada en su propia filosofía de vida, desde su propia cosmovisión y en función de los principios y prácticas del buen vivir, es una de las principales demandas históricas de los pueblos originarios, que se ha hecho sin duda presente en la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (Hooker-Blandford, 2017), materializada, en su máxima expresión, en el Sistema Educativo Autonómico Regional y en la creación de instancias educativas pertinentes, caso de la universidad comunitaria intercultural, URACCAN. Tanto el SEAR como URACCAN representan un salto de significación “histórica”, al integrar, de manera explícita y articulada, el enfoque intercultural y de género, como ejes estructurantes del modelo educativo, integrando así la propuesta de dos sujetos sociales: las organizaciones indígenas y afrodescendientes y las organizaciones de mujeres. Partiendo de lo anterior las reflexiones están en torno a una educación para el cambio, género e Interculturalidad en el SEAR, la Universidad Comunitaria Intercultural, la Interculturalización de la Educación Superior, desafíos para lograr la interculturalización de la educación superior.