bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visual Prey Detection Responses of Piscivorous Trout and Salmon: Effects of Light,Turbidity,and Prey Size
Authors: Hansen Adam G. , Beauchamp David A. , Schoen Erik R.
Published: April 2013

Visual foraging models provide a useful framework for predicting distribution,foraging success,and predation risk in pelagic communities; however,the visual prey detection capabilities of different predator species within and among taxonomic groups have not been sufficiently evaluated. Our primary objective was to more adequately characterize variation in the reaction distances of piscivorous salmonids by evaluating important anadromous taxa. We measured reaction distances of yearling Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and adult Coastal Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii clarkii to fish prey over a range of prey sizes and ecologically relevant light and turbidity levels. Reaction distances of Coastal Cutthroat Trout increased rapidly with increasing light intensity (lx) and attained an average maximum of 187.1 cm above a light threshold of 18.0 lx. Reaction distances of Chinook Salmon increased at a slower rate to a maximum of 122.1 cm above a light threshold of 24.9 lx,declined exponentially with turbidity beyond a threshold of 1.65 NTU,and declined for prey sizes less than 50 mm FL. Reaction distances of Coastal Cutthroat Trout were consistently higher than those of Chinook Salmon across all light levels; this difference could not be attributed to the greater FLs of the Coastal Cutthroat Trout. Results from this and previous studies show that the functional form of reaction distance is similar across piscivorous salmonid species and life stages,but the magnitude of the response can vary considerably. Therefore,to adequately predict the strength of predation effects in pelagic communities,species‐ and life‐stage‐specific responses must be considered.
Signs of Mission: Material Semeiosis and Nineteenth-Century Tswana Architecture
Authors: Crossland Zoë
Published: April 2013

The missionary encounter between the London Missionary Society and Sotho-Tswana communities of southern Africa has been explored by Jean and John Comaroff as work that took place at the level of both signs and practices. In this article, I consider what a Peircean semeiotic might offer to this narrative. I argue that it provides ways to disrupt the sometimes binary relationship of signs and practices while also providing opportunities for productive interdisciplinary conversations about the affective, material, and processual nature of changes in belief and practice.
Signs of the Soul: Toward a Semiotics of Religious Subjectivity
Authors: Leone Massimo
Published: April 2013

Taking as a point of departure the description and depiction of the anima ragionevole e beata (sensible and blessed soul) in Ripa’s Iconologia, this essay inquires, from a semiotic point of view, into the labyrinthine development of the Christian imaginary of the soul, considered one of the sources of the cultural semiotics of modern and contemporary subjectivities. Placed between the Greek model of visual representations of psyché, incarnated by countless fleeting but visible beings (sirens, birds, butterflies, snakes, etc.), and the Jewish model of a vital breath that, having to resemble the divine one, must shun any iconic rendering, the Christian imaginary of the soul develops—in parallel with the Christian theology of the soul—paradoxically, seeking to combine its depiction and, simultaneously, the denial of it.
The one dimensional free Poincaré inequality
Authors: Ledoux Michel , Popescu Ionel
Published: April 2013

In this paper we discuss the natural candidate for the one dimensional free Poincaré inequality. Two main strong points sustain this candidacy. One is the random matrix heuristic and the other the relations with the other free functional inequalities, namely, the free transportation and Log-Sobolev inequalities. As in the classical case the Poincaré is implied by the others. This investigation is driven by a nice lemma of Haagerup which relates logarithmic potentials and Chebyshev polynomials. The Poincaré inequality revolves around the counting number operator for the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind with respect to the arcsine law on

[
−
2
,
2
]

[-2,2]

. This counting number operator appears naturally in a representation of the minimum of the logarithmic energy with external fields discovered in Analyticity of the planar limit of a matrix model by S. Garoufalidis and the second author as well as in the perturbation of logarithmic energy with external fields, which is the essential connection between all these inequalities.
A unifying kinetic framework for modeling oxidoreductase-catalyzed reactions
Authors: Chang Ivan , Baldi Pierre
Published: April 2013

Motivation: Oxidoreductases are a fundamental class of enzymes responsible for the catalysis of oxidation–reduction reactions, crucial in most bioenergetic metabolic pathways. From their common root in the ancient prebiotic environment, oxidoreductases have evolved into diverse and elaborate protein structures with specific kinetic properties and mechanisms adapted to their individual functional roles and environmental conditions. While accurate kinetic modeling of oxidoreductases is thus important, current models suffer from limitations to the steady-state domain, lack empirical validation or are too specialized to a single system or set of conditions.

Results: To address these limitations, we introduce a novel unifying modeling framework for kinetic descriptions of oxidoreductases. The framework is based on a set of seven elementary reactions that (i) form the basis for 69 pairs of enzyme state transitions for encoding various specific microscopic intra-enzyme reaction networks (micro-models), and (ii) lead to various specific macroscopic steady-state kinetic equations (macro-models) via thermodynamic assumptions. Thus, a synergistic bridge between the micro and macro kinetics can be achieved, enabling us to extract unitary rate constants, simulate reaction variance and validate the micro-models using steady-state empirical data. To help facilitate the application of this framework, we make available RedoxMech: a Mathematica™ software package that automates the generation and customization of micro-models.

Availability: The Mathematica™ source code for RedoxMech, the documentation and the experimental datasets are all available from: http://www.igb.uci.edu/tools/sb/metabolic-modeling.

Contact:  pfbaldi@ics.uci.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Systematic tracking of dysregulated modules identifies novel genes in cancer
Authors: Srihari Sriganesh , Ragan Mark A.
Published: April 2013

Motivation: Deciphering the modus operandi of dysregulated cellular mechanisms in cancer is critical to implicate novel cancer genes and develop effective anti-cancer therapies. Fundamental to this is meticulous tracking of the behavior of core modules, including complexes and pathways across specific conditions in cancer.

Results: Here, we performed a straightforward yet systematic identification and comparison of modules across pancreatic normal and cancer tissue conditions by integrating PPI, gene-expression and mutation data. Our analysis revealed interesting change-patterns in gene composition and expression correlation particularly affecting modules responsible for genome stability. Although in most cases these changes indicated impairment of essential functions (e.g. of DNA damage repair), in several other cases we noticed strengthening of modules possibly abetting cancer. Some of these compensatory modules showed switches in transcription regulation and recruitment of tumor inducers (e.g. SOX2 through overexpression). In-depth analysis revealed novel genes in pancreatic cancer, which showed susceptibility to copy-number alterations (e.g. for USP15 in 17 of 67 cases), supported by literature evidence for their involvement in other tumors (e.g. USP15 in glioblastoma). Two of the identified genes, YWHAE and DISC1, further supported the nexus between neural genes and pancreatic carcinogenesis. Extension of this assessment to BRCA1 and BRCA2 breast tumors showed specific differences even across the two sub-types and revealed novel genes involved therein (e.g. TRIM5 and NCOA6).

Availability: Our software CONTOURv1 is available at: http://bioinformatics.org.au/tools-data/.

Contact:  m.ragan@uq.edu.au

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
e-MERLIN resolves Betelgeuse at λ 5 cm: hotspots at 5 R⋆
Authors: Richards A. M. S. , Davis R. J. , Decin L. , Etoka S. , Harper G. M. , Lim J. J. , Garrington S. T. , Gray M. D. , McDonald I. , O’Gorman E. , Wittkowski M.
Published: April 2013

Convection, pulsation and magnetic fields have all been suggested as mechanisms for the transport of mass and energy from the optical photosphere of red supergiants, out to the region where the stellar wind is launched. We imaged the red supergiant Betelgeuse at 0.06–0.18 arcsec resolution, using e-Multi-Element Radio-Linked Interferometer Network (e-MERLIN) at 5.5–6.0 GHz, with a sensitivity of ∼10 μJy beam−1. Most of the radio emission comes from within an ellipse (0.235 × 0.218) arcsec2 (∼5 times the optical radius), with a flux density of 1.62 mJy, giving an average brightness temperature ∼1250 K. This radio photosphere contains two hotspots of 0.53 and 0.79 mJy beam−1, separated by 90 mas, with brightness temperatures 5400 ± 600 K and 3800 ± 500 K. Similar hotspots, at more than double the distance from the photosphere of those seen in any other regime, were detected by the less-sensitive ‘old’ MERLIN in 1992, 1995 and 1996 and many exceed the photospheric temperature of 3600 K. Such brightness temperatures are high enough to emanate from pockets of chromospheric plasma. Other possibilities include local shock heating, the convective dredge-up of hot material or exceptionally cool, low-density regions, transparent down to the hottest layer at ∼40 mas radius. We also detect an arc 0.2–0.3 arcsec to the SW, brightness temperature ∼150 K, in a similar direction to extensions seen on both smaller and larger scales in the infrared and in CO at mm wavelengths. These preliminary results will be followed by further e-MERLIN, Very Large Array and Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) observations to help resolve the problem of mass elevation from 1 to 10 R⋆ in red supergiants.
The role of bacteriocins as selfish genetic elements
Authors: Inglis R. Fredrik , Bayramoglu Bihter , Gillor Osnat , Ackermann Martin
Published: April 2013

Bacteria produce a wide arsenal of toxic compounds in order to kill competing species. Bacteriocins, protein-based toxins produced by nearly all bacteria, have generally been considered a ubiquitous anti-competitor strategy, used to kill competing bacterial strains. Some of these bacteriocins are encoded on plasmids, which also code for closely linked immunity compounds (thereby rendering toxin producing cells immune to their own toxin). However, the production of bacteriocins can also be interpreted as a means to promote plasmid stability by preferentially selecting for cells carrying the plasmid. If, for example, a cell were to lose the plasmid, it would no longer produce the immunity compound and would be killed by its bacteriocin-producing clone mates. In this respect, bacteriocins can be regarded as similar to previously described toxin–antitoxin systems that are able promote the stable transmission of plasmids to daughter cells. In order to test this prediction, we carried out an experimental evolution study using the bacterium
Escherichia coli
, finding that bacteriocins can indeed select for the stable maintenance of plasmids. This suggests that bacteriocins can act primarily as selfish genetic elements promoting their own transmission in the population, which may help explain their unique ecology and evolution.
Sibling competition and hunger increase allostatic load in spotted hyaenas
Authors: Benhaiem Sarah , Hofer Heribert , Dehnhard Martin , Helms Janine , East Marion L.
Published: April 2013

Allostatis is the process of maintaining homeostatis through behavioural or physiological responses to challenges, and its cumulative energetic cost is termed allostatic load. The allostatic load hypothesis predicts that hunger and the mechanisms that establish and maintain social dominance should have a strong impact on allostatic load. In spotted hyaenas, dominance between twin siblings emerges during intense early competition for maternal milk and involves trained winner/loser effects
.
Conflict over access to teats declines with age as behavioural dominance conventions are established. In young litters, the allostatic load of subordinates measured in terms of faecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations (fGMCs) should be higher than that of dominants. When low milk provisioning threatens survival, hungry subordinates are more assertive, particularly when competing against a dominant sister. Dominants challenged by assertive subordinates should have allostatic loads and fGMCs above those of dominants with subordinates that adhere to dominance conventions. We show that in young litters, subordinates had significantly higher fGMCs than dominants, and dominant sisters had significantly higher fGMCs than dominant brothers. When hungry, both dominants and subordinates had significantly higher fGMCs than when fed. Our results provide evidence that hunger and sibling competition affect allostatic load in spotted hyaenas.
A digital process for additive manufacturing of occlusal splints: a clinical pilot study
Authors: Salmi Mika , Paloheimo Kaija-Stiina , Tuomi Jukka , Ingman Tuula , Mäkitie Antti
Published: April 2013

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a digital process for manufacturing of occlusal splints. An alginate impression was taken from the upper and lower jaws of a patient with temporomandibular disorder owing to cross bite and wear of the teeth, and then digitized using a table laser scanner. The scanned model was repaired using the 3D
ata
E
xpert
software, and a splint was designed with the V
iscam
RP software. A splint was manufactured from a biocompatible liquid photopolymer by stereolithography. The system employed in the process was SLA 350. The splint was worn nightly for six months. The patient adapted to the splint well and found it comfortable to use. The splint relieved tension in the patient's bite muscles. No sign of tooth wear or significant splint wear was detected after six months of testing. Modern digital technology enables us to manufacture clinically functional occlusal splints, which might reduce costs, dental technician working time and chair-side time. Maximum-dimensional errors of approximately 1 mm were found at thin walls and sharp corners of the splint when compared with the digital model.
How the tooth got its stripes: patterning via strain-cued motility
Authors: Cox Brian N.
Published: April 2013

We hypothesize that a population of migrating cells can form patterns when changes in local strains owing to relative cell motions induce changes in cell motility. That the mechanism originates in competing rates of motion distinguishes it from mechanisms involving strain energy gradients, e.g. those generated by surface energy effects or eigenstrains among cells, and diffusion–reaction mechanisms involving chemical signalling factors. The theory is tested by its ability to reproduce the morphological characteristics of enamel in the mouse incisor. Dental enamel is formed during amelogenesis by a population of ameloblasts that move about laterally within an expanding curved sheet, subject to continuously evolving spatial and temporal gradients in strain. Discrete-cell simulations of this process compute the changing strain environment of all cells and predict cell trajectories by invoking simple rules for the motion of an individual cell in response to its strain environment. The rules balance a tendency for cells to enhance relative sliding motion against a tendency to maintain uniform cell–cell separation. The simulations account for observed waviness in the enamel microstructure, the speed and shape of the ‘commencement front’ that separates domains of migrating secretory-stage ameloblasts from those that are not yet migrating, the initiation and sustainment of layered, fracture-resistant decussation patterns (cross-plied microstructure) and the transition from decussating inner enamel to non-decussating outer enamel. All these characteristics can be correctly predicted with the use of a single scalar adjustable parameter.
Axisymmetric wave propagation in finitely deformed dielectric elastomer tubes
Authors: Shmuel Gal , deBotton Gal
Published: April 2013

Wave propagation in hollow dielectric elastomer cylinders is studied. The quasi-static deformation of the tube owing to a combination of radial electric field and mechanical loading is determined first. Two combinations are accounted for, one at which the tube is free to expand in the axial direction, and another at which the tube is axially pre-stretched and restricted from elongating. Subsequently, longitudinal axisymmetric incremental motions are superposed on the underlying state. The governing equations in the tube and in the surrounding space are formulated and a numerical procedure is used in order to solve the resulting set of equations. The fundamental mode in the frequency spectrum is determined for thin, intermediate and thick wall tubes. The influences of the tube geometry, the mechanical pre-stretch and particularly the electric bias field are examined. An important observation is the ability to manipulate the propagation of the waves by adjusting the electromechanical bias field. This infers the use of dielectric elastomers in tubular configurations as active waveguides or isolators by a proper tuning of the electrostatic stimuli.
Gene Discovery of Modular Diterpene Metabolism in Nonmodel Systems
Authors: Zerbe Philipp , Hamberger Björn , Yuen Macaire M.S. , Chiang Angela , Sandhu Harpreet K. , Madilao Lina L. , Nguyen Anh , Hamberger Britta , Bach Søren Spanner , Bohlmann Jörg
Published: April 2013

Plants produce over 10,000 different diterpenes of specialized (secondary) metabolism, and fewer diterpenes of general (primary) metabolism. Specialized diterpenes may have functions in ecological interactions of plants with other organisms and also benefit humanity as pharmaceuticals, fragrances, resins, and other industrial bioproducts. Examples of high-value diterpenes are taxol and forskolin pharmaceuticals or ambroxide fragrances. Yields and purity of diterpenes obtained from natural sources or by chemical synthesis are often insufficient for large-volume or high-end applications. Improvement of agricultural or biotechnological diterpene production requires knowledge of biosynthetic genes and enzymes. However, specialized diterpene pathways are extremely diverse across the plant kingdom, and most specialized diterpenes are taxonomically restricted to a few plant species, genera, or families. Consequently, there is no single reference system to guide gene discovery and rapid annotation of specialized diterpene pathways. Functional diversification of genes and plasticity of enzyme functions of these pathways further complicate correct annotation. To address this challenge, we used a set of 10 different plant species to develop a general strategy for diterpene gene discovery in nonmodel systems. The approach combines metabolite-guided transcriptome resources, custom diterpene synthase (diTPS) and cytochrome P450 reference gene databases, phylogenies, and, as shown for select diTPSs, single and coupled enzyme assays using microbial and plant expression systems. In the 10 species, we identified 46 new diTPS candidates and over 400 putatively terpenoid-related P450s in a resource of nearly 1 million predicted transcripts of diterpene-accumulating tissues. Phylogenetic patterns of lineage-specific blooms of genes guided functional characterization.
Tribenzylphosphane and its hydrochloride salt, tribenzylphosphonium hydrogen dichloride–tribenzylphosphane (1/1)
Authors: Levason William , Pugh David , Reid Gillian
Published: April 2013

Tribenzylphosphane, PBz3(C21H21P), crystallizes in a notably different unit cell to its Group 15 analogues NBz3and SbBz3. The packing is dominated by face–edge π-interactions which result in infinite columns of molecules parallel to thebaxis; these columns are linked by further face–edge π-interactions into sheets of columns parallel to the [101] direction. Its hydrochloride salt, tribenzylphosphonium hydrogen dichloride–tribenzylphosphane (1/1), lies on a threefold axis within a trigonal crystal system. It exists in the solid state as a hydrogen-bridged dimer with the composition [H(PBz3)2]+[HCl2]−(C42H43P2+·HCl2−). The cation is the first structurally authenticated example of a phosphane acting as a hydrogen-bond acceptor to a phosphonium group and the cations are linked into a three-dimensional network through intermolecular face–edge π-interactions.
The information content of farmland value surveys
Authors: Kuethe Todd H. , Ifft Jennifer
Published: April 2013

Purpose

Farmland plays a critical role in the financial health of the agricultural sector. As a result, a number of institutions closely monitor farm real estate markets and publicly report estimated farmland values. This study aims to compare the information content of reported farmland values from three institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

A state space model is formulated to link observed price estimates to the unobservable value of farmland. The model considers reported values over the period 1965‐2010 for Iowa from three surveys: Iowa State Extension Service, the Federal Reserve, and the USDA.

Findings

The values reported by Iowa State receive the greatest weight in estimating the unobservable market value, yet the appreciation rates implied by the USDA estimates most closely track those of the unobservable value.

Originality/value

This study is the first to estimate the unobservable value of farm real estate based on observed estimates. The empirical procedure offers a number of unique advantages. It combines information from data reported at both annual and quarterly intervals and addresses potential problems related to cointegration, nonstationarity, and nonlinearity.
Unobservable fuzzy Petri net diagnosis technique
Authors: An Ruoming , Liang Wei
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to resolve the problem of complex system diagnosis with unobservable events such as Hall thruster.

Design/methodology/approach

Fault class is defined by unobservable transitions subset. Every fault class is departed into four levels of alarm. The level of alarm for a fault class is identified by constructing basis reachability graph and computing j vector and basis marking. Certain factor values of diagnosis results are given by introducing two fuzzy operators. A two‐directional reasoning strategy is adopted which are forward reasoning and backward reasoning.

Findings

Using basis reachability graph and notions of basis marking and j vector, fuzzy Petri net with unobservable transitions can resolve the diagnosis problems with high accuracy and efficiency.

Research limitations/implications

The relationship between unobservable events must be known.

Practical implications

The method shows its superiority when it is applied to unobservable systems such as spacecraft.

Originality/value

A novel fuzzy Petri net framework for unobservable system multi‐fault diagnosis is put forward which introduces some new ideas.
Self‐reflexivity as the practice of empathy
Authors: Katila Saija , Meriläinen Susan
Published: April 2013

Purpose

This paper acts as a commentary on the paper “Self‐reflexivity scrutinized: (pro‐)feminist men learning that gender matters” (Styhre and Tienari, 2013).

Design/methodology/approach

The following discussion seeks to build on Styhre and Tienari's argumentation and points to arguments of agreement and disagreement.

Findings

First, the authors argue that while self‐reflexivity cannot be fully taken into account it would be detrimental to social change to restrict it to accidental, haphazard happenings. Second, they argue that perhaps Styhre and Tienari do not always take self‐reflexivity far enough. In order to increase our understanding of why particular kinds of structural hierarchies take place in academia, it is important to locate these incidents within a system of practices that contribute to the marginalisation/privileging of certain groups of people.

Practical implications

The authors further see it as a researcher's moral obligation to at least attempt to overcome the identity‐related, cultural, political and structural conditions that make self‐reflexivity difficult, tiresome and emotionally constraining. We should encourage ourselves to have an ongoing conversation with our whole self about what we are experiencing as we are experiencing it, not only after a critical incident has taken place.

Originality/value

In conclusion, the authors are more inclined to argue along the lines of Alvessonet al., who see reflexivity as a skill or capacity that can be developed, while remaining in consensus with Styhre and Tienari that it can never be fully under the control of the researcher or practitioner.
Classification of human resources based on measurement of tacit knowledge
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Akhavan Peyman , Nourizadeh Mozhden
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate employees of an organization in order to evaluate and classify them based on their tacit knowledge. Therefore, in this paper, staff's tacit knowledge is measured at the individual level, in automotive sector.

Design/methodology/approach

Repertory grid technique has been used as a mechanism to aid the elicitation and evaluation of individuals’ personal constructs. Then, Pathfinder analysis was carried out to examine the individual's knowledge structure. The similarities between knowledge structure of expert and novice was measured by the set‐theoretic index C, in order to classify staff and ultimately, for analysis of each group, Idiogrid software was used.

Findings

Based on closeness index, all employees were classified into four categories. Respondent's perceptions were evaluated by comparing the mental model graphs of the individuals in different categories with experts’ graphs. Ultimately, the best or the most effective HR practices were determined for managing knowledge workers.

Research limitations/implications

This study may help HRM department to differentiate between low and high‐performing employees for determining the most effective HR practices to manage staff. Furthermore, it has significant implications in team building and designing a knowledge map within organizations.

Originality/value

This paper reveals effective linkages between human resource management and knowledge management.
Application of grey linear control theory for price regulation in China's real estate market
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Xin
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a grey linear control system for regulating the price of China's real estate and provide the necessary support to assist the relevant management departments with their policy making.

Design/methodology/approach

A grey state equation of the real estate market price that can reflect both the market supply‐demand price mechanism and the production price mechanism is proposed based on the economic cybernetics. Also, the grey control linear theory is used to demonstrate the disequilibrium fluctuation control system for the China's real estate market with uncertain parameters.

Findings

The price disequilibrium fluctuation control system for China's real estate market has been in a critical state. The system would reach a balanced state in 2013, if the real estate price in 2010 and 2011 firstly decreased 244.41 yuan/m2 and 62.33 yuan/m2, respectively, and then increased 60.88 yuan/m2 in 2012. The disequilibrium state will continue for years before it reaches a balanced state.

Research limitations/implications

Due to the complexity of operation of grey numbers, the present technique still cannot analyze the properties of the grey control system exactly and further research is needed.

Practical implications

The modelled results can help the relevant management departments steady China's real estate market by price regulation.

Originality/value

A new approach to study the price regulation system of a real estate market is proposed based on grey linear control theory.
Towards compatibility between artificial and psychometric personality models
Authors: Kadri Faisal L.
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the statistical link between an artificial personality model and the leading psychometric model.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was conducted made of two parts: a 40‐sentence humor appreciation survey corresponding to the artificial personality model, and a 50‐sentence Big 5 psychometric survey. The cross‐correlation between the scales of the two parts was computed, and exploratory factor analysis performed on the Big 5 scores using three different sample age spreads.

Findings

The cross‐correlation coefficients between the artificial and psychometric personality scores supported the suggestion that there is compatibility between the two, albeit their absolute values were not as high as other studies due to the small sample size. Also, when computing factor analysis on Big 5 scores it was found that the loading of two factors identified as motivational went down systematically with the size of the sample, which empirically supports the suggestion that motivational and cognitive factors are distinct.

Research limitations/implications

The size of sample was not sufficient to reach a conclusive decision but the evidence was supportive and promising for additional research.

Practical implications

The compatibility between the artificial and psychometric personality models means that psychometric scores of real persons can be uploaded into artificial personalities in order to mimic real conversation and behaviour.

Social implications

Improvement of man‐machine interface, facilitating education.

Originality/value

Correlating the scores of different personality scores is not new, but correlating with artificial personality dimensions defined by humor appreciation scores is new. The suggestion that there is qualitative difference between factors of well established psychometric model is new and could have far reaching implications.
Hispanic marketing and communication resources: a selective bibliography
Authors: Blas Nataly
Published: April 2013

Purpose‐ The purpose of this article is to highlight and describe information resources on Hispanic marketing for practitioners and scholars in the field – as well as librarians collecting resources in the Communication and Business subject areas.Design/methodology/approach‐ This article provides an overview of Hispanic marketing resources that were published within the last ten years. A few key sources on Hispanic culture and Hispanic statistics are included for a holistic picture of the Hispanic impact in the US consumer market.Findings‐ The paper reveals that marketers and advertisers are keeping a close eye on the Hispanic consumer market as the Hispanic population in the US continues to increase. Yet, there are few scholarly sources examining and discussing Hispanic marketing communication.Originality/value‐ With only a handful of information sources on Hispanic marketing communication, it is eminent to get scholarly research that teaches our future generations of marketers to conduct leading research and serve as an innovative resource for the Hispanic marketing industry.
Uncovering the intellectual development of the Journal of Organizational Change Management
Authors: Giraud Laurent , Autissier David
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to identify the documents which have had the greatest impact on the Journal of Organizational Change Management (JOCM) articles and to analyze the evolution of the intellectual structure of the journal.

Design/methodology/approach

A knowledge‐stock analysis is performed to assess major trends of the JOCM. A bibliometric study is then conducted thanks to citation and co‐citation analysis about the documents which are the most cited by the articles published in the JOCM (between 1995 and 2011).

Findings

Through the results of their analysis, the authors: describe the growing stock of knowledge of the JOCM over time; identify the documents having the strongest influence on the JOCM articles; and pinpoint the evolution of the intellectual structure of the journal.

Research limitations/implications

Although the sample of retained articles seems representative of the JOCM publication efforts, the data set presents some limitations. There are also some limits inherent to the research design and to the bibliometric methods. The intention of the present research is to give a quantitative overview of the intellectual evolution of the journal.

Practical implications

Grasping the intellectual development of the JOCM enables researchers and practitioners to better understand how issues are being approached by authors who publish in this journal. It also stimulates the scholarly debate.

Originality/value

This knowledge‐stock and bibliometric study is the first to be concerned with the JOCM.
Making and breaking sense: an inquiry into the reputation change
Authors: Aula Pekka , Mantere Saku
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand knowledge of reputation change as a social process and to explore the implications of a social constructivist view of reputation for the challenge of reputation management.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors analyze the main characteristics of a social constructivist view of reputation, and study its implications for the task of reputation management by means of an interpretative arena model of reputation change.

Findings

The authors build a framework for analyzing reputation change as dialogical interaction between an organization and active stakeholders.

Practical implications

The arena model is a tool for analyzing the task of corporate reputation change management across a variety of contexts. The arena model provides a conceptual tool for making sense of the crucial and intricate challenge of strategic reputation management, which places organizations engaging in struggles and collaborations with the stakeholders in symbolic environments.

Originality/value

The arena model is the first framework seeking to bridge the theoretical challenge of social constructivism with the managerial task of reputation change.
Change and stability interaction processes in SMEs: a comparative case study
Authors: Humberto Mejia‐Morelos Jorge , Grima François , Trepo Georges
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to explore interactions between change and stability during the implementation of a specific change initiative (ISO 9000). It attempts to develop a theoretical framework on change and stability management in small firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses a process approach based on retrospective comparative case study methodology. Data collection in the six companies lasted over a year. This gives the opportunity to contrast failed change initiatives against successful ones.

Findings

Two models emerged from this approach; they support the notion that change and stability could be complementary during the different phases of the change initiative the authors analyzed. The findings show that total absence of stability variables in the change initiative could have negative effect on results.

Research limitations/implications

The research is based on a multiple case study approach, which limits the generalizability of the findings.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies that applies and empirically tests the change and stability relation in small firms.
Leading to learning and competitive intelligence
Authors: Trong Tuan Luu
Published: April 2013

Purpose

This research aims to examine whether there is the chain effect from corporate social responsibility (CSR) and emotional intelligence (EI) to organizational learning and competitive intelligence in chemical companies in a Vietnam business setting.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze a set of 403 responses returned from self‐administered structured questionnaires sent to 620 middle level managers.

Findings

Research findings reveal the impacts of ethical CSR and EI on organizationally beneficial upward influence behaviors, which promote organizational learning. Learning in organizations then acts as an antecedent to competitive intelligence.

Originality/value

To activate the transformation of individual knowledge into organizational knowledge, managers should role model and inspire members to share, from emotions to ethical values, so that they can transcend their self‐interests to develop organizationally beneficial behaviors. Organizational knowledge, from this learning process, will help members discern competitive opportunities.
Three proven rules: discovering how exceptional companies think
Authors: Raynor Michael E. , Ahmed Mumtaz
Published: April 2013

Purpose

After many years of researching data for thousands of companies the authors identified a population of 377 exceptional companies in two categories: 199 Miracle Workers, or the best of the best, and 178 Long Runners – still exceptional, but at a lower level. This paper aims to examine these two categories.

Design/methodology/approach

With the flaws of previous searches for the secret to exceptional corporate performance in mind, the authors began theirs with a radical premise: that what constitutes stand‐out performance is not obvious. It is not enough simply to set up a performance benchmark, no matter how demanding it might seem, and see who clears it.

Findings

By studying how exceptional companies thought about decisions they made the authors derived three rules that were key to outstanding performance.

Research limitations/implications

The methodology behind the research is complex and deserves careful study. It is discussed in several chapters of the authors' new book Three Rules: How Exceptional Companies Beat the Odds.

Practical implications

The authors' research suggests that the most profitable course of action is to devote resources to tackling the hard problem of creating anew the non‐price value customers will pay for, not the hard problem of how to remain profitable at lower prices.

Originality/value

These three rules apply to almost every decision within the purview of senior management. When applying them, the authors conclude that the most profitable course of action is to devote company resources to tackling the hard problem of creating anew the non‐price value customers will pay for, not the hard problem of how to remain profitable at lower prices.
What went wrong at Boeing
Authors: Denning Stephen
Published: April 2013

Purpose

At the beginning of 2013, Boing's revolutionary 787 airliner suffered a host of problems and then the fleet was grounded because of a fires caused when lithium‐ion batteries overheated. This paper aims to look at the way the company managed the risks of innovation and how outsourcing added to this risk.

Design/methodology/approach

According to his research, which includes news reports and published internal reports, the author believes that Boeing problems with the 787 Dreamliner that led to its grounding can be blamed on how it went about outsourcing, both in the USA and beyond.

Findings

The paper reveals that the 787 involved not merely the outsourcing of a known technology. It involved major technological innovations unproven in any airplane.

Practical implications

Some degree of offshoring is an inevitable aspect of manufacturing a complex product like an airplane, but the cultural and language differences and the physical distances involved in a lengthy supply chain create additional risks. Mitigating them requires substantial and continuing communications with the suppliers and on‐site involvement, thereby generating additional cost.

Originality/value

The author offers a set of recommendations for company executives planning to offshore projects that involve major technological innovations.
Motorola's global financial supply chain strategy
Authors: Blackman Ian D. , Holland Christopher P. , Westcott Timothy
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to define and explore the concept of financial supply chain strategy in a global business environment. The paper aims to illustrate the concepts with a detailed case study of Motorola's global financial supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a detailed, longitudinal case study analysis of a focal organisation and its economic partners in a financial supply chain. The case study combines qualitative analysis of the strategy evolution with extensive time‐series data and quantitative analyses of the performance of the financial supply chain.

Findings

The financial supply chain is an integral component of Motorola's overall supply chain management strategy. Physical product, information systems and financial flows are closely aligned with each other throughout the supply chain incorporating Motorola, its customers, suppliers and banks. The overall trend is towards the development of an integrated global financial supply chain in which cash flows mirror product flows. Motorola shares financial data with its suppliers as part of a cooperative strategy that generates cost savings for Motorola and its suppliers in areas such as foreign exchange and cash balances. The cooperative strategy also improves the quality of the payments process measured by six sigma techniques and produces strategic benefits such as risk reduction for the supply chain as a whole in areas such as foreign exchange and payments. A strategy of this type is only possible by taking a global perspective of the financial supply chain.

Research limitations/implications

The development of financial supply chains has not been fully addressed in the supply chain management literature. This paper defines this relatively new topic area and explains its significance in its own right, and also in terms of the inter‐relationships between finance and manufacturing supply chains. A research agenda for financial supply chains is proposed that describes a range of new research opportunities in this area.

Practical implications

The development of integrated financial supply chains will lead to significant savings in terms of funding, banking and administrative costs associated with treasury and payment activities. The implementation and nature of the strategic change also highlight important strategic planning and implementation issues associated with financial supply chains.

Originality/value

The strategic importance of financial supply chains for business and academic researchers is demonstrated through the definition of this topic and the application of a research framework to a detailed study of Motorola's global financial supply chain using time‐series data of strategy evolution and financial supply chain performance. The research findings and comparison with theory support the assertion that this is a relatively new and unexplored problem area that is of direct relevance and interest to researchers in supply chain management.
Risk and resilience in agri‐food supply chains: the case of the ASDA PorkLink supply chain in Scotland
Authors: Leat Philip , Revoredo‐Giha Cesar
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The paper examines one of Scotland's major pork supply chains and seeks to identify the key risks and challenges involved in developing a resilient agri‐food supply system, particularly with regard to primary product supply, and to show how risk management and collaboration amongst stakeholders can increase chain resilience.

Design/methodology/approach

The case study involved in‐depth interviews with seven people involved in the chain and its management.

Findings

Reduced supply chain vulnerability to risks arose through horizontal collaboration amongst producers, and vertical collaboration with the processor and retailer. Producers improved market and price security, and pig performance. For the processor and retailer the collaboration generated greater security of supply of an assured quality, improved communication with suppliers, and reduced demand risk as they could assure consumers on quality, animal welfare and product provenance.

Research limitations/implications

The study's findings are based on the analysis of a particular supply chain, but the cooperative concerned currently produces over half of Scotland's weekly pig production.

Practical implications

The findings are highly transferable to other agri‐food supply chains. Producers' successful efforts to deal with different risks and the role of collaboration in enhancing chain resilience are illustrated.

Originality/value

The case is interesting because pigmeat supply profitability has been under constant pressure. It discusses the risks faced by all chain participants and the collective development of a chain which is relatively resilient to variations in price, production and supply.
Communication managers in the dominant coalition
Authors: Kanihan Stacey Frank , Hansen Kathleen A. , Blair Sara , Shore Marta , Myers Jun
Published: April 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine formal and informal types of power, and identify the characteristics of corporate communications managers who are in the dominant coalition.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper reports on results of a survey sent to a representative sample of S&P 500 corporate communications managers and CEOs in the USA Data about industry sector, company size, annual revenue and profitability were collected for the responding companies and a random sample of 100 non‐responding companies. The responding companies (n=161) did not significantly differ from the non‐responding companies

Findings

The paper finds that four attributes of informal power differentiate communications managers who are in the dominant coalition from those who are not: reciprocal trust, strategic business decision‐making, social inclusion and communication expertise.

Research limitations/implications

Future research should explore whether any of the 37 percent of communications managers in the dominant coalition at these top companies come from backgrounds significantly different from those of the executive elite.

Practical implications

The paper supports the organizational theory of the importance of informal power as a prerequisite to be in the dominant coalition – particularly friendship and “being included.” Communications managers who are in the dominant coalition are in a better position to institute ethical and excellent (symmetrical) communication practices. The findings of this study have implications for the likely success (or lack thereof) of managers with diverse backgrounds of being included in the dominant coalition.

Originality/value

The paper provides quantitative, generalizable results based on a representative sample where many previous studies have relied on qualitative data alone.