bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PHILIPPINES: THE CHALLENGES OF MORO AND LUMAD POWER-SHARING IN THE BANGSAMORO
Authors: PEREZ Jose Mikhail
Published: July 2021

Two self-ascribed ethnic groups—Moro and Lumad—are native to Mindanao in the southern Philippines. Both groups share a common history of oppression from Western colonialism, Christian resettlement, and capitalist interests where the former has waged a more organized insurgency against the Philippine government in the late twentieth century. Due to the political superiority of the Moros, the Lumads are often left marginalized in the various peace processes in Mindanao due to their accommodation to the Moro’s call for the creation of anautonomous region under an internal power-sharing agreement. This form of double marginalization against the Lumad promotes a sense of internal colonialism where such arrangements are only left between the Bangsamoro regional government and the Philippine national government, thereby forcing the latter to accommodate to Moro interests. Analyzing the text of the recent peace agreements between the Republic of the Philippines and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (GRP-MILF), the article attempts to understand the conflict dynamics between Moros and Lumads under power-sharing and power-dividing measures. The article concludes that consociationalismin ethnically divided societies often lead to more ethnic cleavages if done haphazardly to favor certain interests while leaving ethnic minorities at a disadvantage. Keywords: Moro, Lumad, Mindanao, Bangsamoro, consociationalism, identity politics.
Sostenibilidad de la deuda pública en México, antes y después del COVID-19, 2018-2024
Authors: Rivas Valdivia Juan Carlos
Published: July 2021

En este documento se presenta una estimación contable y econométrica para el análisis de sostenibilidad de la deuda para México durante el periodo 2018-2024. El estudio pone especial énfasis en las trayectorias de deuda y en los factores internos y externos que pueden modificar dichas sendas, incluyendo la pandemia por COVID-19. El análisis concluye que algunos de los choques internos o externos extremos, modelados sobre la dinámica de la deuda pública en México, ponen en riesgo la sostenibilidad de su trayectoria en el mediano y largo plazo para el país.
La NAIRU y la informalidad en el mercado laboral mexicano
Authors: Aguilar Argaez Ana María , Alcaraz Carlo , Ramírez Claudia , Rodríguez Pérez Cid Alonso
Published: July 2021

La tasa de desempleo no aceleradora de la inflación (NAIRU, por sus siglas en inglés) no es directamente observable y la presencia de trabajadores informales impone un desafío adicional en su estimación. En este artículo, presentamos una estimación de la NAIRU tradicional para México y una medida alternativa que incluye la informalidad como un indicador de subutilización laboral. Encontramos que ambas medidas de la NAIRU y los indicadores de holgura del mercado laboral asociados siguen patrones similares a lo largo del tiempo. Sin embargo, la holgura estimada con el indicador que incluye la informalidad parece predecir las presiones inflacionarias con mayor precisión cuando la brecha de desempleo es cercana a cero.
Tras el Brexit: ¿La adopción de un acuerdo de libre movilidad de personas entre España y Reino Unido como modo de gestión de las migraciones?
Authors:   Catedrático de Derecho Europeo y de Migraciones, University of Bristol (Reino Unido), Acosta Diego , Guest Ashleigh , Odriozola Ignacio , Soares Sophia
Published: July 2021

Tras la salida del Reino Unido de la Unión Europea, la libre circulación de personas ha llegado a su fin entre ambos bloques. Esto ha supuesto un enorme deterioro de los derechos de los ciudadanos británicos en la Unión y de los europeos en el Reino Unido. Dada la importancia de los flujos migratorios en ambas direcciones, este artículo investiga la posibilidad de adoptar acuerdos bilaterales de libre movilidad de personas. Dichos acuerdos son muy comunes en perspectiva comparada a nivel mundial y europeo. Teniendo en cuenta que los británicos representan el tercer grupo más numeroso de no nacionales en España, así como el importante número de ciudadanos españoles en el Reino Unido, el estudio explora las posibilidades legales y políticas de que el primer acuerdo de dicho tipo fuese firmado entre ambos países, así como el contenido que podría incluir.
Profile of microbial community of organic and conventional rice field using metagenomic analysis
Authors: Trisnastuti Arum Asri , Purwanto Edi , Susilowati Ari
Published: July 2021

Organic farming can increase the diversity of soil bacterial. This research aimed to compare the profile of microbial community of organic and conventional rice fields in early (0 Day After Planting/DAP), mid (15 DAP), and late (45 DAP) fertilizer application period. The total DNA genome from the soil sample was extracted then analyzed metagenomically using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). There was nine genus of bacteria found in high relative abundance, 95.28%, while 4.72% included in Domain of Archaea (genus Methanosaeta). Phylum of Firmicutes (genus Clostridium has 24.50% relative abundance, Bacillus 11.90%, Lactobacillus 9.69%); Proteobacteria (genus Defluviicoccus 12.10%, Buchnera 18.46%, Rosenbergiella 2.46%); and Actinobacteria (genus Nocardioides 12.21%, and Streptomyces 3.96%). Meanwhile, the average plant height of organic rice fields was shorter than conventional rice fields got directly measured coincided with soil sampled. Based on alpha and beta diversity analysis, the highest community diversity and abundance were found in organic rice field soil samples taken at 45 DAP, i.e., at the end of the fertilizer application period. However, in both organic and conventional rice field soils, there was almost no significant difference in the bacterial community, so it impacts that organic and conventional systems do not make a real difference in the total N, P available, CEC, and pH values. It makes a significant difference in organic C and organic matters.
Typification and taxonomic notes of Smilacaceae species in Java
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Lulut Dwi , Abinawanto Abinawanto , Ardiyani Marlina , Salamah Andi , Haryadi Agus
Published: July 2021

Smilacaceae is known as a taxa with wide phenotypic variation and their taxonomical complexities remain unsolved. The three species of Smilacaceae housed in Java, are given nomenclature history. Since all the potential sources of original material have been investigated, but nothing has been identified, three neotypifications were designated here. Herbarium specimen of Koorders 34990β in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) was chosen as the neotype of Smilax klotzschii. The de Groot & Wehlburg RD52 herbarium specimen in BO was chosen as the neotype of S. nageliana and Blume 463 herbarium specimen in L was chosen as the neotype of S. odoratissima.
Increasing the potential of Cajuput leaf waste as cattle feed through fermentation pretreatment
Authors: Widiana Ana , Ukit Ukit , Kusumah Prayoga , Hanifah Hana , Wiharyati Ayu
Published: July 2021

Waste of cajuput leaves (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) has the potential to be used as an alternative cattle feed because it has a fairly high nutritional content. The nutritional content of cajuput leaf waste needs to be improved before being used as an alternative feed. The fermentation process can increase nutrient content in cajuput leaf waste and increase the digestibility of organic matter (OMD), dry matter digestibility (DMD), Ammonia (NH3), and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA). This study aimed to determine the improvement of cajuput leaf waste nutrition with the help of yeast as well as the effect of fermented cajuput leaf waste along with a mixture of concentrates and field grass on digestibility, NH3, and VFA which were carried out in vitro test. The results showed the nutritional content of cajuput leaf waste fermented by yeast of Aspergillus chevalieri had the best value of protein 16.03%, fiber 16.92%, and fat 5.93%. The treatment R4 (50% cajuput leaf waste + 25% concentrate + 25% field grass) had the best digestibility (DMD=46.12%; DMO=32.08%), NH3 (8.37mM) and VFA (168.5mM) production.
Identification endophytic fungi of Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus L.) as solubilizing phosphate and indole-3-acetic acid producers
Authors: Kusmiyati Nur , Wicaksono Septian Tri , Maknuna Durrotul
Published: July 2021

Low phosphate content in the soil can cause insufficient plant needs. Besides, the endophytic fungi of nutgrass have the potential as a phosphate solvent and can produce IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid). This study aimed to determine the levels of solubilizing phosphate and production of IAA (Indole-3-Acetic Acid) by the endophytic fungi of nutgrass and to identify the isolates based on rDNA-ITS sequences. The methods used were the isolation of endophytic fungi, analysis of solubilizing levels of phosphate and IAA production, and molecular analysis with rDNA-ITS sequences. Results of isolation and purification, found five isolates coded URT1, URT2, URT3, URT4, and URT5. The endophytic fungi of nutgrass were able to solubilizing phosphate levels around 54.03 - 87.83 ppm, with the highest levels produced by URT4 isolate. IAA levels around 5.58 - 45.50 ppm, with the highest levels produced by URT1 isolate. Based on molecular analysis with rDNA-ITS sequences, it showed that URT4 had 97.42% similarity to Aspergillus tereus species, while UTR1 had 100% similarity to Fusarium oxyporum species. To conclude, the endophytic fungi of nutgrass from A. tereus and F. oxyporum species have high levels of solubilizing phosphate and IAA production so that they are potential candidates for biofertilizer.
التغيير في معنى المفرد والجمع في القرآن الكريم / Changes in Lexical Meaning of Singular and Plural Words in the Quran
Authors: Abubakar Achmad , Pallawagau Baso , Pabbajah M. Taufiq Hidayat
Published: July 2021

حاولت هذه الدراسة  الكشف عن أسرار استعمال المفرد والجمع في غير معناهما الأصلي في القرآن الكريم، وتتكون قضية هذه الدراسة مجيئ استعمال المفرد والجمع في غير معناهما الأصلي في القرآن الكريم،  والأسرار البلاغية في مجيء المفرد والجمع خارجاً عن معناهما الأصلي في القرآن الكريم وأمّا نوع البحث المستخدم في هذه الدراسة فهو البحث الوصفي النوعي وطريقة جمع البيانات من خلال الدراسة التوثيقية لأنها من ضمن البحوث المكتبية، وتحليل البيانات عن طريقة تحليل فني بلاغي على أساس المنطق الاستقرائي. ونتيجة البحث تشير إلى مجيئ استعمال المفرد والجمع في غير معناهما الأصلي في عدة آيات قرآنية؛ لأن التنوع في استعمال المفرد والجمع يؤدي وظائف أساسية في الخطاب القرآني. الأسرار البلاغية أو الدلالات البلاغية في استعمال الجمع عن المثنى والمفرد تأتي للتعميم، والمبالغة، والتكثير والتعظيم واستعمال المفرد عن الجمع يفيد التقليل والتصغير والتحقير والتوبيخ،  وقد يفيد المبالغة والإيجاز ورعاية الفاصلة. والمستفاد من هذه الدراسة نلاحظ أن القرآن الكريم يتوجه بالمتلقي إلى التأثير السريع والمباشر، وهذا منسجم مع الفكرة الإنسانية التي يخاطبها ليخدم الهدف من تنزيله من عند رب كريم رؤوف بعباده يهدف إلى هدايتهم للإيمان والتصديق بأقصر الطرق. الكلمات المفتاحية: استعمال الجمع، استعمال المفرد، الأسرار البلاغيةAbstract:This study aims to uncover the wisdom of using singular (mufrad) and plural (jamak) words that violate its original meaning. The research problem consists of two questions: what are the use of singular and plural words that violate the original meaning of the Qur'an? What is the wisdom and secret behind the use of singular and plural words that violate its original meaning in the Qur'an? The type of research is qualitative descriptive, the data collection method is library research and the data analysis used language arts (balaqhah) analysis. The results show that the use of singular and plural words that violate its original meaning is found in the Qur'anic clauses. The variety use of singular and plural is a fundamental function of the Quranic language. The wisdoms and connotations balaqhah, the use of plural mean mutsanna' (two) and singular denote common, exaggerated (hyperbola), many, and admirable meanings, whereas the use of a single word meaning plural indicates little, contempt, ostracize, humiliation, ridicule or criticisms and sometimes indicate excessive, concise and adaptable meaning. The implication of this study is that the Qur'an has a direct effect on its readers and listeners. This is in line with the human mind as the target, to implement the purpose of the Qur'an revealed by Allah SWT, to give guidance to people so they can quickly believe.
The Effect of NaOH Concentration on Cellulose Levels of Kepok Banana Hump (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Authors: Ningsi Surya , Tahar Nurshalati , Syahrana Nur Azizah , Arifin Yuri Erika
Published: July 2021

The high cellulose content of Kepok banana hump has great potential to be used as a pharmaceutical excipient. This research aims to determine the effect of NaOH concentration on cellulose levels from kepok banana hump. NaOH solution was made in five concentrations, namely 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5% and 15%. Cellulose levels were analyzed using the Chesson method. The research results showed that the NaOH solution with a concentration of 5%; 7.5%; 10%; 12.5% and 15% yielded cellulose content of 12.5%, 15.9%, 64.9%, 60.7% and 41.9%. The highest cellulose content is produced at a concentration of 10% NaOH solution.
ENGLISH MATERIAL NEEDS OF AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS: AN ESP APPROACH
Authors: Wijayanti Farida Indri , Nugroho Arif
Published: July 2021

English for automotive technology is a specific discipline in which the students require particular language learning materials to meet their academic and future career needs. Hence, contextual material is a prerequisite to achieving the success of language learning. Drawing on this issue, the present study identified the English material needs of automotive technology students for working in vehicle inspection. The required data were collected using a web-based questionnaire and semi-structured interview from 186 students, 7 English lecturers, and 44 graduates of Poltrada Bali and PKTJ Tegal Indonesia who were purposively selected as the participants. This study classified English materials into content areas of automotive technology, language skills, and linguistic features. The results revealed that content areas needed by the students included vehicle components and their performances, ranging from engine system to support components. This study further suggested that speaking and reading were the most frequently needed skills than the other two skills because of the rapid growth of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) and the needs of international information exchange in the automotive field. It was also depicted that the students preferred applied terminologies and translation to grammar since many automotive technology references and vehicle inspection were normally written in English. The results of this study could serve as an overview for lecturers and institution in automotive technology program to create standard syllabus and contextual material textbooks for the students.
ADMINISTERING CLASSES IN VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: FACILITATIONS, PRINCIPLES, EDUCATORS’ ROLES AND INTERACTIONS
Authors: Usemahu Nur Afni Mahiya , Fernandita Yulia
Published: July 2021

This study investigates teachers’ competencies in the implementation of facilities, principles, educators’ roles, and interactions in the Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). Using explanatory sequential mixed method, it aims to examine whether all those competencies such as learning system tools and resources, technology quality, and workload management are considered throughout the learning process. In total, 102 students from the Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teachers’ Training at Antasari State Islamic University were involved in the survey. Fourteen of them, as well as three lecturers, were then interviewed. The results indicate that despite students’ limited access to the internet, lecturers attempt to provide all students’ facilities. However, in some departments, various learning activities, monitoring, and feedback still need to be improved. The lecturers generally execute the principle of the virtual learning environment. The students mostly believe that lecturers are aware of their roles, and manage their interactions well. In conclusion, the study suggests teachers’ competencies in the virtual learning environment and calls for further studies in this subject.
STUDENTS' LITERACY CULTURE IN NON DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AREA (PESANTREN)
Authors: Ryandini Elda Yulia , Puspitasari Devi
Published: July 2021

Literacy is a social practice. In the past, literacy was only focused on reading and writing. Recently, literacy can happen everywhere, become a culture and people can make meaning of the practice. Literacy also cannot be separated from technology nowadays. Most people become digital natives to accomplish their daily business in which it is also the literacy activities. This study wants to clarify students’ preference in reading, to know students’ multimodal literacy, to probe students’ literacy practice in Pesantren, and to probe students’ literacy cultures if there are some digital technology stuffs. By applying qualitative approach using questionnaires and semi-structured interview to students, the results showed that mostly students were not really love reading (medium) in Pesantren because of no any book collections, the obligation of their own regulation to finish what they have read, boredom reading, no much time to read due to some other activities in Pesantren and preference to sleep rather than to read in Pesantren. Students also preferred reading novel as their multimodal literacy in Pesantren. The following answers, students conveyed that they felt so-so after doing literacy practice. The last, the answers related to the literacy culture if they meet some digital technology stuffs were various. Most students would not read at all at home when they get holiday. Most students also were very agreed if they have access to digital technology stuffs in Pesantren, but the claims also showed that the presence of digital technology stuffs would disturb their reading quality. Therefore, the students’ literacy cultures in non-digital technology area are average because they have various main activities of Pesantren to do and the availability of the access to some digital technology stuffs in Pesantren are seen disturbing.
INVESTIGATING STUDENT-TEACHER RATIO AS A FACTOR IN READING PERFORMANCE: THE CASE OF THE PHILIPPINES
Authors: Ancho Inero , Galang Aljon , Dela Cruz Aaron , Dela Cruz Ria
Published: July 2021

This paper attempts to investigate the student-teacher ratio of various Southeast Asian nations and each country’s reading performance through the lens of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) scores. This paper employed a purely secondary analysis using data available online. The first phase of the research involved revisiting online documents about the student-teacher ratio in the classroom among selected Southeast Asian nations. In the second phase, reading test scores presented in this study are sourced from PISA. The last phase is the comparison and contrast of the data through a tabular presentation. Findings reveal that the countries with a ratio having the least number of students per teacher ranked higher compared with those with a nation having the greatest number of students per teacher. Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei Darussalam with a ratio ranging from 8 to 11.6 per teacher scored 408-549 points in the PISA Reading Test while Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines with a ratio ranging from 15 to 36 students per teacher scored 340-393 points. It is undeniable that the student population in the classroom positively impacts the teaching and learning processes, particularly in reading as contextualized in this study. The government should recognize the dire need for schools to be provided with appropriate funds to sustain the public education system. Careful analysis of the presented data shows the connection between student-teacher ratio and reading performance as manifested by test scores. It is undeniable that the student population in the classroom positively impacts the teaching and learning processes, particularly in reading as contextualized in this study.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTIVE OF ENGLISH ONLINE LEARNING DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Zahro Ianatuz
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to know the students’ perspective of English online learning during Covid-19 pandemic regarding readiness aspect, learning performance, and the obstacles students face in learning distance. This study used qualitative research and it was conducted from September until January in 12 meetings of distance learning using online applications. The questionnaires were given to 42 first-semester students of social faculty of IKIP PGRI Jember. The result showed that almost all students had good preparation before joining English online learning. However, students faced some main problem during online learning: unstable internet connection, losing their concentration starring at the screen of hand-phone or computer, and spending more money to buy internet quota. In conclusion, there were students’ perspective in English online learning, i.e. 1) students have good English motivation motivation; they prepare the equipment needed before joining the online learning. 2) The lecture’s style to teach English, students prefer to use the bilingual method to make them easier to understand the materials. 3) Google meet and zoom applications are the most chosen application used in virtual meetings because they provide good interaction between teachers and students. 4) The obstacles in online learning faced by students. i.e. unstable internet, lose concentration.
STRATEGI KEPALA SEKOLAH DALAM MENGIMPLEMENTASIKAN MANAJEMEN BERBASIS SEKOLAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MUTU SEKOLAH
Authors: Malaikosa Yes Matheos Lasarus
Published: July 2021

Abstract: Principal Strategies in Implementing School Based Management to Improve School Quality This study aims to obtain an overview of the principal's strategy in implementing school-based management to improve school quality. Education has a strategic role in preparing the quality of human resources to respond to the industrial revolution 4.0. This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design, the researcher tries to understand the meaning of events and interactions by involving the principal, teachers, students, school staff, as well as the business world and the industrial world, so that researchers can understand the concepts and strategies related to the principal's strategy in implementing school-based management to improve school quality. The findings of the study show that school principals are able to implement SBM to improve the quality of education, by directly involving teachers, education staff, students, school committees, parents, alumni, stakeholders and the community to formulate a vision, mission, and objectives, as well as strategic targets for SMA Negeri 1 Kupang and Giovanni Catholic High School. Implementing SBM, the principal in an objective, transparent and accountable manner in conducting ongoing evaluations of short and long term programs, and always sending program implementation reports to all parties including stakeholders.Abstrak: Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Mengimplementasikan Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Sekolah Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai strategi kepala sekolah dalam mengimplementasikan manajemen berbasis sekolah untuk meningkatkan mutu sekolah. Pendidikan memiliki peran strategis untuk menyiapkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dalam merespon revolusi industri 4.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi multikasus. Peneliti berusaha memahami makna peristiwa serta interaksi dengan melibatkan kepala sekolah, guru, peserta didik, staf sekolah, serta dunia usaha dan industri, sehingga peneliti dapat memahami konsep serta strategi kepala sekolah dalam mengimplementasikan manajemen berbasis sekolah untuk meningkatkan mutu sekolah. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah mampu mengimplementasikan MBS dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dengan melibatkan langsung guru, tenaga kependidikan, peserta didik, komite sekolah, orang tua, alumni, dan stakeholder serta masyarakat untuk merumuskan visi, misi, dan tujuan, serta sasaran strategis pada SMA Negeri 1 Kupang dan SMA Katolik Giovanni. Implementasi MBS yang dilakukan kepala sekolah secara objektif, transparan dan akuntabel dalam melakukan evaluasi secara berkelanjutan terhadap program jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, serta selalu mengirim laporan pelaksanaan program kepada semua pihak termasuk stakeholder.
THE INFLUENCE OF HEADMASTER LEADERSHIP AND ENVIRONMENT TOWARD COMPETENCY OF TEACHERS IN MUHAMMADIYAH PRIMARY SCHOOL IN BONTONOMPO, GOWA
Authors: Juhamri Juhamri
Published: July 2021

This research examines the influence of headmaster leadership as well its circumstances toward the competence of teachers in Muhammadiyah Primary school. It employs a quantitative research methodology. The results of the questionnaire processed show that the influence of the leadership of the head of the madrasah and the madrasah environment together on the professional competence of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah teachers in Bontonompo and South Bontonompo Districts, Gowa Regency is not positive. However, the researchers suggest that the influence of the Leadership of Madrasah Principals on Professional Competence is positive. The results of this study are related to Muhammad Surya's theory which states that the school environment includes living objects in the form of the closest human being in the form of the closest human that surrounds him, namely the family. Family is the main and first educational environment because humans get education for the first time from the family environment before knowing other environments.
Muslim Inventions and The Global Fight Against COVID-19
Authors: Syeed Safiyyah Sabreen
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 has wreaked havoc all across the globe, whether it be through the  rising number of cases, deaths, lockdowns, economic slowdown or just the media induced panic. In this sense we are all affected by the 'virus'. As the world grapples with this pandemic, there is a notable resonance with the past, especially between the global defense against the pandemic and the great medical  innovations of the Islamic golden age. During the Islamic scientific revolution, Muslims became pioneers in the field of medical science. Inspired by the Quran and the various Hadith that consider the science of healing a sacred endeavor, Muslims made ground breaking discoveries in different areas of medicine like anatomy, pharmacology, physiology, surgery, epidemiology and so on. These contributions led to the significant growth in the field of medical science and its various branches and went on to influence the modern medical revolution. In the present survey an effort is made to discuss the historical roots of the global medical response and measures made to combat the COVID-19 pandemic and the various significant contributions of Medieval Muslim scientists in this field.
CHILDREN'S SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Gumiandari Septi , Nafi'a Ilman , Selamet Selamet
Published: July 2021

Anti-social behaviors in children is now common. Aggressive behavior, bullying, egocentrism, fighting, prejudice and so on indicate the failure of parenting and teacher education to social and emotional development in children. This study aims to analyze the development of children's social emotions from an Islamic perspective. Through the literature study approach, there are 3 stages of social emotional development in Islam: (1) the first stage starts from birth to 7 years of age. At this stage, ethics education must be taught to children through continuous stimulus, response and imitation because the child's cognitive development is not yet perfect; (2) the second stage starts from 7 to 15 years of age. This stage is called the tamyiz stage in Islam. Children can tell the difference between good and bad. At this stage parental supervision should be increased; and (3) the third stage from 15 years of age and over. Children must already have knowledge, understanding and habits of commendable behavior, because this praiseworthy behavior is always repeated and accustomed to in the first and second stages. In this case, the family plays an important role in shaping the personality of children who are mature in dealing with problems that arise along with social and emotional development. In Islam, the problems faced by children will definitely be in accordance with their respective capacities and can still be overcome. Through problems, their faith and devotion were tested by Allah SWT. Patience and fortitude are one's potential. With intelligence given by God, children can easily know and understand the nature of every challenge and difficulty. Therefore, children must always be educated so they always have positive prejudice (husnudzan) rather than negative prejudice (suudzan), both for themselves, others and Allah.
TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODS USED BY PROPHET MUHAMMAD P.B.U.H AND THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN VETERINARY ANATOMY EDUCATION
Authors: Mohamed Reda
Published: July 2021

The use of various teaching methods allows the teachers to accommodate the different learning styles of the students and allow the students to be active learners and to understand the subjects better as well as to be motivated to learn more. Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) was the first perfect teacher and instructor, and one of his duties was to teach people the revelations that he received from Allah. He selected the best and most effective brilliant methods of teaching, thus helping the listener to clearly understand and remember the knowledge he taught. The learning-teaching methods of the Prophet Muhammad were extracted from his education activities such as face- to-face lecturer, writing method, Question-Answer method, teaching by practice, practical lessoning, brainstorming, and drawing to teach the foundations of Islam. Learning-teaching methods and techniques that the Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) used in spreading his mission were proven to be effective and successful by applying them in today’s educational understanding of veterinary anatomy.
Scientific Management and Religious Views
Authors: Mohiuddin Md Golam
Published: July 2021

The main purpose of the study is to discuss Taylorism, known to us as scientific management, in the life code given to mankind by which was brought into existence in the life of prophet Muhammad (SAW) according to the Quran and Sunnah(Traditions of prophet), existing in an old, week, ignorant (Zahelia) social system, the main objectives of the management of prophet by investigating the worn out and inactive social system with utmost care and selection was to make the best utilization of human skill through establishing mutual good relation, eliminating conflicts and confusion by the best organizational strength of Islam.
FAKTOR DETERMINAN DEPRESI POSTPARTUM DI WILAYAH KABUPATEN KLATEN JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Murwati Murwati , Suroso Suroso , Wahyuni Sri
Published: July 2021

Ibu yang tidak berhasil menyesuaikan diri dengan peran barunya setelah melahirkan dapat mengalami gangguan psikologis seperti depresi postpartum. Prevalensi depresi postpartum diperkirakan berjumlah 1,9% - 82,1% di negara berkembang dan sekitar 5,2% - 74,0% di negara maju. Di Indonesia khususnya di Klaten Jawa Tengah ditemukan sebanyak 36% kejadian depresi postpartum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor determinan depresi postpartum di wilayah Kabupaten Klaten Jawa Tengah. Sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan purposive consequtive sampling, yaitu ibu nifas hari ke-3 s.d ke-7 dan tidak ada riwayat penyakit menular serta gangguan jiwa. Jumlah sampel kasus yaitu 35 orang dan 70 sampel kontrol (1 : 2). Data diambil dengan menggunakan kuesioner biodata dan EPDS atau Edinburg postnatal Depression Scale dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada hubungan antara umur ibu dengan kejadian depresi postpartum (umur <20 dan >35 tahun) saat melahirkan. Sedangkan pekerjaan, paritas, rencana mempunyai anak, riwayat persalinan, keberadaan orang yang membantu aktifitas sehari-hari, dan kelancaran ASI tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian depresi postpartum.
PAJOGE ANGKONG : PESONA PEREMPUAN DALAM TUBUH LAKI-LAKI
Authors: Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Rosmini Rosmini
Published: July 2021

Penelitian Pajoge Angkong: Pesona Perempuan dalam Tubuh Laki-Laki merupakan pelacakan untuk mengungkap kehadiran dan bentuk Pajoge Angkong dalam Masyarakat Bone dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnokoreologis dalam membedah Pajoge Angkong secara teks dan kontekstual, yang didukung dengan beberapa teori dan di tuliskan secara deskriptif kualitatif. Teori bentuk digunakan untuk mengungkap elemen- elemen yang terintegrasi menjadi satu kesatuan yang utuh sebagai wujud sajian tari Pajoge Angkong serta menguak kehadiran Pajoge Angkong dalam masyarakat Bone, yang di dapatkan dari studi Pustaka, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pajoge Angkong memiliki bentuk penyajian yang tidak terlepas dari tata aturan dalam masyarakat Bone. Keseluruhan teks tari maupun teks pertunjukan Pajoge Angkong merupakan simbol yang memiliki makna dalam masyarakat Bone. Kehadiran Pajoge Angkong dalam masyarakat Bone sesungguhnya merupakan tameng bagi penari Pajoge Makkunrai pada masa lampau.
THE EFFECT OF ABDOMINAL STRETCHING EXERCISE ON THE INTENSITY OF DYSMENORRHEA
Authors: Nurfitri Nurfitri , Amaliah Andi Rizky , Sriyanah Nour
Published: July 2021

Aim: to assess the effect of abdominal stretching exercise on the reduction of intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girl students at the State Senior High School. Method: This study was a quasi-experiment using a pretest-posttest research design with a total of the study samples were 40 respondents by purposive sampling technique. Assessment of the effect of abdominal stretching exercise was carried out before and after 8 abdominal stretching exercise trials. The gathered data were processed and analyzed using the paired samples t-test using IBM SPSS statistical software, version 26. Results of the present study demonstrated a significant effect of abdominal stretching exercise on the reduction of dysmenorrheal intensity (P < 0.05). Discussion The effects of high-intensity exercise on progesterone, prostaglandin metabolites (13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F2 alpha (KDPGF2α), TNF-α, and pain intensity were found to be increased in progesterone and decreased KDPGF2α, TNF-α, and pain intensity after exercise high intensity is relative without exercise. The mechanisms underlying high-intensity exercise-induced analgesia use hormones (progesterone) and cytokine-mediated mechanisms to reduce pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea. Conclusion: abdominal stretching exercise significantly reduced the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girl students. Therefore, abdominal stretching exercise is beneficial to be used as an alternative method in reducing intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls.
THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION TO EDUCATIONAL METHODS
Authors: Achruh Andi , Rasyid Muhammad Rusydi , Nursalam Nursalam , U. M. Shabir
Published: July 2021

Abstract:Islamic education is a system consisting of several important components that are interconnected. Among the existing components is the method of education. This study aimed to determine the learning methods used in Islamic education. This research used library research with a qualitative approach. Data sources were derived from various works of literature, including books, articles, newspapers, and documents. The data analysis techniques used were content and descriptive analyses. The finding indicated that several teaching methods used in Islamic education, including; 1) Lecture method, 2) Discussion method, 3) Demonstration method, 4) Insertion method, 5) Wrapping method, and 6) Inquiry method. Therefore, teachers are required to choose and determine the right method so that the achievement of educational goals can be carried out effectively and efficiently.Abstrak:Pendidikan Islam merupakan suatu sistem yang terdiri dari beberapa komponen penting yang saling berhubungan. Diantara komponen yang ada adalah metode pendidikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui metode pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sumber data berasal dari berbagai karya kepustakaan, antara lain buku, artikel, surat kabar, dan dokumen. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis isi dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa metode pengajaran yang digunakan dalam pendidikan Islam antara lain: 1) Metode Ceramah, 2) Metode Diskusi, 3) Metode Demonstrasi, 4) Metode Sisipan, 5) Metode Bungkus, dan 6) Metode Inquiry. Oleh karena itu, guru dituntut untuk memilih dan menentukan metode yang tepat agar pencapaian tujuan pendidikan dapat terlaksana secara efektif dan efisien.
LIBERALISM AND DEMOCRACY IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Authors: Marjuni Marjuni , Yuspiani Yuspiani , Suban Alwan
Published: July 2021

Abstract:In the perspective of Islamic education, the concept of liberalism and democracy in education is about owning academic freedom, in which a lecturer can teach, and the students have the right to learn without limitation and mixing it with irrational thoughts. This paper aims to elaborate on the nature and the development of liberalism and democracy in Islamic higher education from different sources. The type of research used in this study was library research. The data were taken from various books and articles related to the topic then analyzed using content analysis. Based on the findings, the theory of the Islamic education philosophy about the concept of liberalism and democracy were so sustainable to provide possible solutions in education management, educational facilities, and infrastructure. Also, it could be a solution for educators to implement teaching methods or approaches that are more suitable for the learning process.Abstrak:Dalam perspektif pendidikan Islam, konsep liberalisme dan demokrasi dalam pendidikan adalah tentang memiliki kebebasan akademik, dimana seorang dosen dapat mengajar, dan mahasiswa berhak untuk belajar tanpa batasan dan mencampurkannya dengan pemikiran-pemikiran yang irasional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengelaborasi sifat dan perkembangan liberalisme dan demokrasi di perguruan tinggi Islam dari berbagai sumber. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan. Data diambil dari berbagai buku dan artikel yang berkaitan dengan topik tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan analisis isi. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, teori filosofi pendidikan Islam tentang konsep liberalisme dan demokrasi yang begitu lestari dapat memberikan solusi yang memungkinkan dalam pengelolaan pendidikan, sarana dan prasarana pendidikan. Selain itu, dapat menjadi solusi bagi pendidik untuk menerapkan metode atau pendekatan pengajaran yang lebih sesuai untuk proses pembelajaran.
THE ERROR ANALYSIS OF INTERLINGUAL AND INTRALINGUAL INTERFERENCES OF THE STUDENTS: A CASE STUDY OF TOURISM STUDY PROGRAM
Authors: Sari Putu Pande Novita , Budasi I Gede , Adnyani Ni Luh Putu Sri , Suwastini Ni Komang Arie
Published: July 2021

Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the students' interlingual and intralingual interferences of Tourism Study Program at a State University in North Bali. A qualitative approach was applied by examining the students' final projects of English writing for the academic year 2020/2021.  In this case study, 15 final projects were chosen using the purposive sampling technique. Data collection was done through reading, note-taking, classifying, and describing. The findings revealed that the most frequent interlingual form produced by the students was using Indonesian Syntax Pattern, while the intralingual form was the simplifications. Therefore, interlingual and intralingual interferences were found in the students' final project. There are two implications of this study, i.e. (i) teachers need to enhance their pedagogy for the teaching and learning sessions, particularly English grammar, (ii) students should learn more the English grammatical rules, which they can access many sources to learn English through watching a movie, listening to songs, talking with native speakers, reading novels and magazines.Abstrak:Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis interlingual dan intralingual mahasiswa Program Studi Pariwisata di salah satu Universitas Negeri di Bali Utara. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan menguji tugas akhir siswa dalam penulisan bahasa Inggris pada tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Dalam studi kasus ini, dipilih 15 tugas akhir dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui membaca, mencatat, mengklasifikasi, dan mendeskripsikan. Hasil temuan mengungkapkan bentuk interlingual yang paling sering dihasilkan oleh siswa adalah menggunakan Pola Sintaks Bahasa Indonesia sedangkan bentuk intralingualnya adalah penyederhanaan. Dengan dimikian, terdapat error interlingual dan intralingual dalam tugas akhir mahasiswa. Ada dua implikasi dari penelitian ini, yaitu (i) pengajar perlu meningkatkan pedagogi mereka untuk proses belajar mengajar khususnya tata bahasa Inggris, (ii) pembelajar harus mempelajari lebih lanjut aturan tata bahasa Inggris. Mereka dapat mengakses banyak sumber untuk belajar bahasa Inggris seperti menonton film, mendengarkan lagu, berbicara dengan penutur asli, membaca novel maupun majalah.
A paradigm shift in mathematical physics, Part 2: A new local realism explains Bell test & other experiments
Authors: Boyd Jeffrey H.
Published: July 2021

An earlier article in this journal introduced a renegade theory called the Theory of Elementary Waves (TEW). Whereas quantum mathematics (QM) is a science of observables, TEW is a science of physical nature independent of the observer. They are symmetrical: complement and support each other. That article left three dangling threads that this article addresses: 1. Our claim that TEW is the only local realistic theory that can explain Bell test experiments, 2. Focusing on the medium in which elementary waves move, and 3. Demonstrating that there is zero experimental support wave particle duality. TEW is neither the hidden variable theory of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR), nor the absorber theory of Wheeler and Feynman, nor an offshoot nor variant of quantum theory. It is a new paradigm, discovered by a dissident, Lewis E. Little who, after his PhD in physics, worked alone for decades outside the ivory tower of academic physics searching for and eventually finding a theory that explains quantum experiments based on local realism. The fate of new paradigms, unfortunately, is to be rejected as gibberish by leaders of the old paradigm. Plate tectonics was dismissed as absurd during the twentieth century.
El proceso de madurez del personaje fílmico. El caso de Lucía en Silencio roto, de Montxo Armendáriz
Authors: Goikoetxea Pérez Ander
Published: July 2021

El héroe de las mil caras (Joseph Campbell, 1949) es considerada una referencia obligada para los guionistas que vayan a narrar la historia de un largometraje. Este estudio pretende corroborar que a menudo el cine contemporáneo sigue los patrones descubiertos por el mitólogo estadounidense. Mediante el análisis de Lucía en Silencio roto (Armendáriz, 2001) se pretende comprender las claves que exponen el proceso iniciático del personaje fílmico con el objetivo de saber sobre la idoneidad de la aplicación de dichos patrones en las narrativas del cine de hoy en día. El enfoque escogido por el director es idóneo para transmitir la evolución que desea mostrar, ya que este tipo de focalización ayuda a la identificación del espectador.
Cineastas españoles del cambio de siglo en la órbita de la ciencia ficción
Authors: Madrid Brito Débora
Published: July 2021

En la renovación del cine español a partir de la década de 1990 tiene un papel crucial, ampliamente señalado en las historias recientes del cine español, el recurso a los géneros cinematográficos como fórmula narrativa. En este contexto la ciencia ficción, uno de los casos aún por estudiar en profundidad, se ha ido haciendo cada vez más presente en la producción cinematográfica española. En este artículo proponemos un repaso por las principales aportaciones españolas al género en el periodo de finales del siglo XX y primeras décadas del XXI, prestando atención a cómo los cineastas del momento han contribuido, también desde la ciencia ficción, ha desdibujar la frontera que tradicionalmente ha separado el cine de géneros y el cine de autor o contrapuesto el cine lo géneros a la identidad nacional de nuestro cine.
La Visión trágica de la vida. Una intersección clave entre la filosofía de Friedrich Nietzsche y la filmografía de Woody Allen
Authors: Acle Vicente Daniel
Published: July 2021

La filmografía de Woody Allen ha sido ampliamente analizada desde la óptica del ámbito de la filosofía. Estas investigaciones hacen un análisis holístico en el que relacionan cuestiones amplias como cultura de masas, política, psicoanálisis, muerte o sexualidad, con el cine del director neoyorquino. En muchos de estos estudios aparece, como es lógico, la figura de Nietzsche, pues es uno de los pensadores con más repercusión en la cultura occidental a lo largo del siglo XX. Sin embargo, el carácter holístico de estas investigacones impiden la realización de un análisis más exhaustivo de las posibles relaciones entre filósofo y cineasta. Este artículo pretende cubrir este vacío, centrándose en uno de los puntos clave en el pensamiento de Nietzsche y la filmografía de Allen: la visión trágica de la vida, fraguada a partir de el azar-suerte y el devenir-muerte, dos conceptos clave tanto para el cineasta como para el filósofo.
El cine digital de Jess Franco (1999-2012): reciclaje y posmodernidad
Authors: Mendíbil Blanco Alejandro
Published: July 2021

El artículo se ocupa de la última etapa de cine digital del director Jess Franco, figura de relevancia internacional en el terreno de la serie B, en la que experimenta con un cine muy marginal que no obstante se anticipa a cuestiones vigentes del cine de la posmodernidad. Desde Carne fresca (Tender Flesh, 1997) hasta su última película, rodada un año antes de su muerte, Revenge of the Alligator Ladies (2012), Franco explora las posibilidades de la grabación y posproducción en video digital para trazar un discurso que reflexiona sobre su propia obra y sus fuentes literarias, a la vez que renuncia de manera visceral a las convenciones cinematográficas clásicas. El texto se dedica a comparar las tendencias comunes en la historia y el discurso de este grupo de veinte películas con los rasgos que caracterizan el cine de la modernidad y la posmodernidad, como la fragmentación de las historias, el reciclaje de relatos e iconos de la cultura popular, la intertextualidad y la relación estrecha entre los creadores y su público.
Sustratos de hierofanías, arquetipos y rituales en el cine de M. Gutiérrez Aragón
Authors: Sánchez Noriega José Luis
Published: July 2021

Se propone una aproximación nueva al cine de Manuel Gutiérrez Aragón, hasta ahora estudiado desde perspectivas políticas o, sobre todo, literarias y mitológicas con categorías como magia, fabulación, figuras heroicas, etc. Se realiza una hermenéutica de esa filmografía desde formas de lo sagrado establecidas por la fenomenología de las religiones que sobresalen particularmente en las películas Camada negra, El corazón del bosque, Demonios en el jardín, La mitad del cielo y Todos estamos invitados: el bosque y el árbol sagrado, el arquetipo de la Madre nutricia y el ritual de la comida. Ello permite considerar cómo en un medio de tan solo cien años, como es el cine, también tienen lugar hierofanías, arquetipos y rituales de la milenaria historia de las religiones. Contrasta este sustrato de religiosidad pagana de raíces telúricas y vínculos con las deidades agrarias con el contemporáneo catolicismo español.