bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary N-Acetyl-Beta-D-Glucosaminidase Index Activity Normal Values in Healthy Wistar Rats
Authors: CODEA Andrei Răzvan , MIRCEAN Mircea , SARPATAKI Orsolya , SEVASTRE Bogdan , GIURGIU Gavril , POPOVICI Cristian , SCURTU Iuliu , NEAGU Daniela , OANA Liviu
Published: May 2018

Reference values have a major importance in describing the diversity of healthy individuals variables. These are population reference ranges (RIs) that comprise 95% of the healthy population. The determination of biological markers, like urinary NAG and creatinine, is considered a simple, rapid and non-invasive method for detecting and monitoring renal tubular function under different conditions. Calculation of the urinary NAG index provides a good estimate of the excretion of the two markers over a 24 hour period. An increase of the urinary NAG index may precede increases in standard parameters used in the diagnosis of renal disease, especially in cases of acute tubular lesions. With the purpose of detecting deviations of the urinary NAG index, this study established the reference values in Wistar rats. Urine samples were collected from 100 healthy Wistar rats, 50 males and 50 females. NAG and creatinine were determined, and subsequently the NAG index was calculated for reference value establishing. The mean value of NAG index was found to be 5.81±1.68 (U / g) for healthy females and 4.10±0.90 (U / g) for healthy males.
Q-Fever Antibodies in Romanian Small Ruminants
Authors: BARAITAREANU Stelian , DAN Marius , DANES Doina
Published: May 2018

Small ruminants serum samples from Romanian Counties were investigated by iELISA Q-fever Coxiella burnetii Antibody test kit (IDEXX Laboratories, Liebefeld-Bern, Switzerland), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. In Giurgiu County 10/15 goats serum samples were positive and all sheep samples (6/6) were negative. In Sibiu County 5/75 sheep samples were positive. In Constanta County all goat samples (10/10) were negative. In Braila County all goat samples (95/95) were negative and 10/55 sheep samples were positive. Prevalence of sero-positive results and their distribution does not provide enough data to design a surveillance program, but support the hypothesis of the presence of the pathogen in Braila, Giurgiu and Sibiu Counties. Further studies must be carry on statistically relevant sampling system.
Overview On The Epidemiological Situation And The Brucellosis’ Control, Between 1974 -2014, In West Bank, Palestine
Authors: AWWAD Elena , SBEIH Younis , AWWAD Osama , FARRAJ Mohammad , ESSAWI Tamer , ADWAN Kamel , MANASRA Asad , BĂRĂITĂREANU Stelian , GURĂU Maria Rodica , DANEȘ Doina
Published: May 2018

Brucellosis in Palestine is a problem of huge concern due to the human health impact, as consequence of the high prevalence level of the infection in livestock. The purpose of the research was to give an insight of the current epidemiological peculiarities of the brucellosis in livestock versus human population. This paper processed all data of the brucellosis’ control program and the epidemio-surveillance results. The seroprevalence of brucellosis in 1999, was 18% in sheep and goat and 80% in flocks, and more than 800 human cases. As result of mass vaccination, with 80% coverage vaccination rate, the decrease of brucellosis was registered: 4.8% in animals and 40% in flock; human infection less than 200 cases. The main conclusion of our study is that the vaccination must be in force up to the level of prevalence, below 2% in animals, allowing the next step, the “test-and-slaughter” strategy, toward the eradication goal.
Thoughts on Drug Policy, Public Health, and Crime: More Support for Decriminalization
Authors: Husak Douglas
Published: May 2018

In this paper I describe the nature of my interest in drug policy; discuss questions about whether and why drugs pose a public health problem; present some empirical results that bear on whether drug proscriptions might be justified because of their causal role in contributing to crime; hazard a few observations about how a society should deal with drug problems; and comment on the recent opiate epidemic plaguing much of the United States. My overall conclusion is that a good rationale for drug prohibitions has yet to be found, and the liberal alternative to criminalization, which recommends that drug use be treated as a public health problem, is problematic as well---even though it certainly would be an improvement on the status quo.
The Norwegian Criminal Regulation of Drugs: An Overview and Some Principled Challenges
Authors: Jacobsen Jørn , Taslaman Selma
Published: May 2018

This article describes and critically analyses the current state of the Norwegian criminal regulation of drugs. The first parts of the article describe the contemporary rules and Norway’s international obligations in this field of law. The following part addresses the official justification of this regulation. Here, the article scrutinises the official justification for the contemporary regulation, in particular the criminalisation of use and minor possession of drugs. The analysis applies the principle opted for by the Norwegian legislator as a guiding criminalisation principle in the preparation of the Criminal Code of 2005, i.e. the harm principle. The article does not completely reject the possibility for justifying the regulation, but concludes that the contemporary regulation at least rests on an insufficient normative basis. The final section critically discusses the high levels of punishment applied in Norway in the drug context.
Intoxication and Self-Induced Criminal Incapacity in Norwegian Law
Authors: Gröning Linda , Myklebust Ingrid Marie
Published: May 2018

This article provides an explanation and analysis of the regulation of criminal incapacity and intoxication in Norwegian criminal law. The current rule on this matter is found in section 20 of the Norwegian Penal Code. This rule is strict and does not require that the defendant was culpable in creating his or her incapacity (or for committing the crime in this condition). The authors explain how this rule has been subject to critique, in particular because it compromises the principle of guilt. On this background, they offer a broader picture of Norwegian criminal law, by examining the alternative solutions found in the Penal Code of 1902 and in the two recent law proposals NOU 2014:10 and Prop. 154 L (2016-2017) – which provide for a shift in focus to self-induced criminal incapacity. The authors argue that the guilt principle must be the guiding perspective for the construction of rules on intoxication and self-induced criminal incapacity. On this basis, they argue that the current rule should be abolished, and that the proposal in NOU 2014:10 is the most adequate alternative, although it is also coupled with some problems. They conclude that the operationalisation of the guilt principle requires a larger engagement in the philosophical debate on the matter than what has so far been the case in Norwegian criminal law.
Chilling Effect as a European Court of Human Rights’ Concept in Media Law Cases
Authors: Baumbach Trine
Published: May 2018

In few of the many cases where the European Court of Human Rights has found a violation of Article 10, the Court has simultaneously stated that a specific restriction or sanction has an actual or a potential chilling effect for press freedom. The Article examines by way of the Court’s case law the notion of ‘chilling effect’. It is concluded that ‘chilling effect’ is a strong notion reserved for cases where something genuine is at stake. The notion points beyond the case at hand and has a negative impact on the applicant’s future task or – in its most severe form – a negative impact on the press as such to the outmost detriment of the public debate, the control of the establishment, and, thereby, to the impairment of society as a whole.
The Effect of Real Estate Prices on Chinese Bank Performance
Authors: Jain Anil K. , Mackey Samuel M.
Published: May 2018

This note examines how a major fall in real estate prices could affect banks' performances.
Determining the mechanisms and priorities to achieve regularity in the shape of spaces of traditional housing in the city of Mosul
Authors: Al-Sanjary Dr. Hasan
Published: May 2018

Regularity in the shape of spaces in traditional house in the city of Mosul formed an important challenge for the designer, especially with the negative impact of the irregular shape of the dwelling and its limited area. This reinforces the assumption that there is a set of procedures adopted by the designer as mechanisms to achieve this characteristic in the dwelling spaces or to distribute the effect of irregularity between different spaces with priorities correspond to their functions performance efficiency.

The research aims to identify the mechanisms adopted by the designer to achieve regularity and priorities for achieving between dwelling spaces (as an indicator of its relative importance and the efficiency of its containment of the living activities), and this gives us a clearer understanding of the spaces basic design and the way of living.

To achieve this, a set of hypotheses were tested by measuring spaces regularity of a sample of traditional houses in Mosul , to design the mechanisms used to achieve regularity and its priorities between different house spaces , and the relevance of these mechanisms and priorities with the affect of the shape characteristics of house plot or the spaces characteristics , activities and its spatial organization in the dwelling.
SEMANTICS OF PHYSICAL VIOLENCE IN NOVEL “PĪTERS VYLĀNS” BY ČENČU JEZUPS
Authors: Purinaša Ligija
Published: May 2018

Physical violence is a social phenomenon, which is mostly connected with human psychology. There are two main instincts typical of human beings: instinct of life and instinct of death. Violence is one of death instincts. Čenču Jezups (real name Jezups Kindzuļs, 1888–1941?) was a Latgalian public figure, agronomist, publicist and writer. His novel “Pīters Vylāns” is written about 1905 Russian Revolution, which also occurred in the territory of Latvia and Latgale and was one of the most forcible periods in the history of Latvia during the 20th century. Bearing in mind that language is always linked with thinking and language usage reflects author’s view of the world, the aim of this research is to analyse semantics of lexis connected with physical violence. The author of this research has selected the methods of semantic field theory, linguacultural approach, and analysis of semantic components. There is much discussion about meaning in linguistics and semantics, which shows that semantic analysis is often a subjective process depending on researcher’s interpretation. To obtain reliable results, this research is based on the theory about semantic roles and how they display physical violence. Major or core semantic roles are Aggressor, Victim and Cause. The author of this research is interested in interpersonal physical violence, which appears in novel “Pīters Vylāns” as Subjects or Objects of physical violence. There are several functional levels of physical violence lexis: 1) it is actualized in context with 1905 Russian Revolution; 2) it is a way, how to give a masculine voice in novel; 3) subjects and objects of psychical violence are interacting; 4) it demonstrates some features of patriarchal thinking. A number of verbs are used to describe violence, which means that violence is very active and it includes lot of persons as aggressors or victims, or both. In some cases subjects of physical violence are anonymous. Usage of pronouns is also important, because they help to describe violence. For example, “I” as storyteller , “you” in dialogue function, “he” or “she” as the third person or somebody and “we” as group of aggressors or victims. Domestic violence is directed to husband or wife and mostly it is described as men’s power over women, but in some cases also women are aggressors.
SYMMETRY OF CHRACTERS IN INGA ĀBELE’S NOVEL “KLŪGU MŪKS”
Authors: Senkāne Olga
Published: May 2018

The prototype of the central character in Inga Ābele’s (1972) award winning novel “Klūgu mūks” (Wicker Monk, 2014) is Francis Trasuns (1864–1926), a well-known Latgalian patriot, catholic priest, politician, cultural and social figure and writer. The novel is set at the end of 19th century and early 20th century, during the time of the National Awakening. F. Trasuns was one of the most significant personalities in the history of the first Latgalian awakening in St Petersburg. He contributed greatly to the creation and promotion of Latgalian self-confidence, spiritual and cultural development and political growth. He was the first Latgalian ever to be elected to the national parliament – State Duma of the Russian Empire. The private life of F. Trasuns was dramatic, difficult and marked by conflicts. On September 20, 1925, he was officially excommunicated – banished from the Catholic Church. He was accused of arrogance, defiance of his religious authorities, wearing civilian clothes and concubinage. The myth about F. Trasuns enjoying undivided social support in the last years of his life emerged soon after his death, when he became a symbol of struggle against ignorance and blind devotion to clerical dogmas. The educational and literary heritage of F. Trasuns (sketches, literary portraits, poems, a play, translations and feuilletons) should be understood as commentaries to his views, convictions and activities. The cultural philosophy of Richard Rorty and Euclid’s five geometrical axioms were used in the analysis of the novel to prove the symmetry of relationship between men and women characters. The symmetry of characters is revealed through the metaphor of wicker weaving (for example, a basket) that expresses many meanings including a parallel, cross, circle etc. Wicker weaving in the novel symbolises the product of a natural material and human work – interaction of nature and culture – the main condition for the existence of a small nation.
Сlinical features of newborn children in patients with perinatal losses
Authors: Ivanova Lidiia A. , Titkova Elena V.
Published: May 2018

The article presents the data of a complex analysis of the course of the early period of the newborn in children born to 456 women who were delivered in the maternity hospitals of St. Petersburg and the Leningrad Region in 2009-2016. These patients were divided into the main group (99 women who gave birth to live children who died in the first 7 days of life) and a comparison group (357 women who gave birth to live children who survived the first 7 days). Estimated the duration of pregnancy at the time of delivery, clinical features of newborn children in the group of patients with perinatal losses, in comparison with the control group, were analyzed. The article compares the anthropometric data of newborns (weight and height at birth), Apgar scores, and the frequency of fetal hypotrophy. The results of the clinical analysis of the blood of newborn children of the patients of the main and control groups (hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and venous blood glucose) were also evaluated. A number of significant differences in the main group and comparison group that can be regarded as predictors of perinatal fetal death have been identified. Thus, the risk group for perinatal fetal death includes preterm newborns with hypotrophy, low body weight, smaller body length, a low Apgar score, changes in the clinical analysis of blood (lowering of hemoglobin, erythrocytes and platelets, and an increase in the level of venous blood glucose). The level of leukocytes in peripheral blood in newborns in both groups is not significantly different.
The effectiveness of applying medical rehabilitation methods during pregnancy in order to relieve back pain caused by dorsopathy
Authors: Vaganova Yanina A. , Suslova Galina A. , Gaiducov Sergei N. , Bobko Anna Ya.
Published: May 2018

The study is held in order to estimate the efficiency of applying the methods of manual therapy on pregnant women during the second and third trimesters of their pregnancy to relieve pain caused by dorsopathy. During the period from October 2015 until March 2017 was defined a “study” group (n = 25) and the “control” group (n = 25) of pregnant women with the diagnosis of “dorsopathy” (mostly osteochondrosis 66%, scoliosis 18%, intervertebral hernia 16%). The age of pregnant women is ranged from 22 up to 39 years with the gestational term from 18 to 38 weeks. During the study the following methods are used: cranio-sacral technique, traction technique, myofascial release, post-isometric relaxation, and soft tissue techniques. The number of therapy sessions for pregnant women with dorsopathy is ranged from 1 to 4. To assess the quality of life and, separately, of the pain syndrome was used McGill questionnaire, visual analogue scale (VAS), verbal rating scale, questionnaire EuroQol-5D, Oswestry questionnaire, as well as medical and social characteristics of pregnant women with this pathology. Decrease of pain syndrome was noted in patients already after the first session. Preliminary results were already evaluated and allow us to speak about the effectiveness of applying manual therapy for pregnant women at their II and III trimesters of pregnancy. The data obtained not only prove the reduction but also the complete elimination of the back pain syndrome caused by dorsopathy.
A meta-analysis of prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations of the airways
Authors: Kuranova Liudmila B. , Breusenko Dmitrii V. , Zakharova Maria L.
Published: May 2018

Congenital malformations of the respiratory tract is an important issue. They cause more than 100 deaths annually in the Russian Federation. The definition and classification of congenital malformations of the respiratory tract are described and developed by Je. A. Cvetkov. The ultrasound is the primal method used in prenatal diagnosis of congenital malformations of the upper respiratory tract. Starting from the age of 17-23 weeks old, the ultrasound shows the following signs: hyperechoic lungs, dilatation of the lower respiratory tract, flattening of the diaphragm. This ultrasound pattern is typical for Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS). If the doctor suspects an identifying of these signs, a follow-up examination is recommended. If the congenital obstruction of the upper respiratory tract is diagnosed during the pregnancy, the childbirth for patients must be performed in the hospital, where it is possible to perform tracheotomy and artificial ventilation of the lungs to the newborn, to operate him with placental support. This type of surgical treatment by the EXIT method (The ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure) is a new stage in neonatal surgery. A meta-analysis of 15 articles in the foreign literature about the detection of CHAOS from 1993 to 2014 was conducted. The analysis includes studies with more than 5 described cases. The statistics of diagnosis and treatment of congenital malformations of the larynx of patients of the ENT clinic of SPbSPMU for the period from 2003 to 2016 with the diagnosis of congenital malformation of the larynx is presented.
Features of the initial vegetative tone and vegetative reactivity in vegetative-vascular dysfunction of the hypotensive type in childhood
Authors: Buryak Vladimir N. , Zhuravleva Natalia S. , Pokusaeva Oksana S.
Published: May 2018

VVD hypotensive type significantly reduces the quality of life, prevents normal growth and differentiation of organs and tissues of the child’s body, promotes the formation of a number of life-threatening pathological processes in adulthood. In order to determine the initial vegetative tonus in 63 children aged 11-14 years suffering from hypotensive type VVD, the averaged values of cardiointervalograms consisting of 100 consecutive cardiocycles were determined. Vegetative reactivity has been studied through the conduct and evaluation of a clinoortostatic test, consisting in the sequential recording of blood pressure and cardiograms first in a horizontal and then in an upright position. As a control group, 27 practically healthy peers were examined, who underwent a similar complex of clinical, laboratory and instrumental studies. Statistical processing of the obtained results was carried out by parametric and nonparametric methods with the help of STATISTICA and Microsoft Excel for Windows packages on the IBM “Pentium 166” computer. As a result of the study, a significant difference in vegetative tone was found in children with hypotensive VVD from normal. In this case, vegetative status is characterized either by the initial high level of functioning of sympathoadrenal regulatory mechanisms with insufficient increase in their adaptive activity or by the predominance of the initial cholinergic vegetative tension and the corresponding hypersympathicotonic reactivity, which is the marker of the greatest threat of transformation in this group of children of the hypersensitive type to the hypertensive and then into hypertensive disease.
Large-cell calcifying sertoli cell tumor of the testis
Authors: KILIÇ BAĞIR Emine , AÇIKALIN Arbil , ÇALIŞ Elif , ERDOĞAN Şeyda
Published: May 2018

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The opinions of Turkish maternity care providers in different provinces on women’s preferences for mode of delivery
Authors: OKUMUŞ Filiz , OYMAKÇIER EVGİN Kübra
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The study aims to find out the opinions of physicians, midwives and trainees working in the different regions of Turkey on women’s mode of delivery preferences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted between January- March 2016 with maternity care providers (MCPs) who had worked in Adana and Siirt for at least six months. The study sample was selected using the cluster-sampling method. The data were collected from 320 MCPs with semi-structured interview form. The data analysis was performed using the SPSS 22.0 software package. Results: The study showed that according to the MCPs, women preferred caesarean section (CS) due to their concerns about health care providers behaviors during birth, requests for birth time planning and their suggestion from the physician or suggestions from other women. The MCPs expressed that women’s preference of vaginal delivery (VD) was affected by physician suggestions and from the opinion that the natural way of giving birth was healthier for their babies and it is traditional attitudes. The MCPs in Siirt stated more often that women preferred VD due to their traditional attitudes, comparing to the MCPs in Adana.Conclusion: This study has strengthened the opinion that physicians play a key role in women’s delivery mode preferences. It is intriguing that in Siirt, where the rate of CS is lower than the average rate in Turkey, women commonly preferred VD due to their traditions attitudes.
Omuz iç rotasyonunun korakohumeral ve akromiyo aralığa etkisinin üç boyutlu tomografi ile değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Çetinkaya Mehmet , Koçkara Nizamettin , Özer Mustafa , Ataoğlu Muhammet Baybars , Genç Erdinç , Kanatlı Ulunay
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı korakohumeral aralık ve akromiyohumeral aralık miktarının omzun pasif iç rotasyonu ile gerçekten azalıp azalmadığını değerlendirmektiGereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada Mayıs 2016 ile Ekim 2016 arasında poliklinikte rotator kılıf hasarı ön tanısı ile bilgisayarlı tomografi artrografi çekilen hastalar kullanıldı. Bilgisayarlı tomografi artrografi tetkiki omuz nötral ve iç rotasyonda olmak üzere iki kez yapıldı ve görüntülerin 3 boyutlu  rekonstrüksiyonları oluşturuldu. Bu iki bilgisayarlı tomografi tetkikinin 3 boyutlu bilgisayarlı tomografi görüntülerinde korakohumeral aralık ve akromiyohumeral aralık ölçümleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya yaş ortalamaları 64.06±9.06 olan 17 hasta dahil edildi. Tam kat supraspinatus yırtığı olanlarla olmayanlar değerlendirildiğinde, korakohumeral aralık ve akromiyohumeral aralığın omzun nötral ve iç rotasyonundaki ölçümlerinin ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark görülmedi. Kadın ve erkekler arasında ölçüm ortalaması arasında istatistiksel fark yoktu.Sonuç: Omzun pasif iç rotasyonu ile korakohumeral aralık anlamlı derecede daralmaktadır. Üç boyutlu bilgisayarlı tomografi ile yapılan ölçümler korakoid anatomisi ve korakoidin çeşitli parametreleri ile ilgili bize daha güvenilir bilgi verebilirler.
Korakoid taşma ile subskapularis yırtıklarının ilişkisi
Authors: Çetinkaya Mehmet , Ataoğlu Muhammet Baybars , Özer Mustafa , Ayanoğlu Tacettin , Kaptan Ahmet Yiğit , Kanatlı Ulunay
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı izole subskapularis yırtıklarında etiyolojik bir faktör olan subkorakoid sıkışmada korakoid taşmanın bir risk faktörü olarak geçerliliğini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Omuz artroskopisi uygulanan hastalardan izole subskapularis ve izole tam kat supraspinatus yırtıklı hastalar randomize olarak seçilerek iki grup oluşturuldu. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme ve ameliyat videoları retrospektif olarak tekrar incelenerek T1 aksiyel manyetik rezonans görüntüleme kesitlerinde korakoid taşma miktarı ve korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı oranı hesaplandı ve ortalamaları karşılaştırıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmada her iki grupta 28’er hasta olmak üzere toplam 56 hasta vardı. Hastaların yaş ortalamaları Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 48.71±9.66 ve 64.85±6.1 olarak bulundu. Cinsiyet ve ameliyat olan taraf bakımından fark yoktu. Ortalama korakoid taşma değerleri Grup 1 ve 2’de sırasıyla 16.08±5.6 ve 14.65±5.92, korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı oranı ise 0.33±0.11 ve 0.29±0.11 bulundu. Ortalama korakoid taşma ve korakoid taşma/humerus başı çapı değerleri bakımından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı.Sonuç: Korakoid taşma ile subkorakoid sıkışma arasında istatistiksel olarak gerçek anlamda bir ilişki yoktur. Subskapularis yırtıklarında varlığı hala tartışmalı olan subkorakoid sıkışmaya bu çalışma ile de kanıt bulunamamıştır.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of juvenile delinquents
Authors: Avcil Sibelnur , Avcil Mücahit , Yılmaz Nevzat
Published: May 2018

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to examine the socio-demographic characteristics of the juvenile delinquents, who were sent to a university hospital by judicial authorities in order to prepare an expert report in accordance with Clause 31/2 of the Turkish Penal Code (TPC), and their families as well as nature of the offence, co morbid psychiatric diagnosis, and the prepared report results. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by reviewing retrospectively the file records of children and adolescents who were required to be reported in accordance with Clause 31/2 of TPC in Outpatient Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of a university hospital by judicial authorities between 01.04.2013 and 01.04.2015. From the judicial file records, socio-demographic characteristics of the cases and their families, WISC-R (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised) results, clinical evaluation results and information related to the judicial event were obtained. Results: It was found that 11.1% of the cases (n=7) were female and 88.9% (n=56) were male. Theft (40.5%) was on the first rank among the crime types committed by the cases who were claimed to get involved in crime. As a result of the clinical evaluation it was determined that 49.2% of the cases (n=31) had normal intelligence level, 38.1% (n=24) had borderline intelligence level, and 12.7% (n=8) had mental retardation. Conclusions: The intellectual limitations in juvenile delinquents, socio-economic difficulties, and frequency of the low education levels in both children and families are remarkable. In order to reduce juvenile delinquency, it is considered as necessary to determine the needs of children at risk and take appropriate protective and supportive measures.
Comparison of the effects of intrathecal fentanyl and intrathecal morphine on postoperative pain for inguinal hernia repair
Authors: Kılıçkaya Refika , Şahin Tuna , Güleç Ersel , Balcı Mehtap , Balcı Fatih
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of intrathecal fentanyl and intrathecal morphine combined with spinal anesthesia on postoperative pain control for inguinal hernia repair.Materials and Methods: Fifty patients aged 18-60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II scheduled for elective inguinal hernia repair surgery were enrolled in this prospective randomized double-blinded study. Patients received spinal anesthesia with either 25 mcg fentanyl plus 12.5 mg heavy bupivacaine intrathecally (group F, n=25) or 0.1 mg morphine plus 12.5 mg heavy bupivacaine intrathecally (group M, n=25).Hemodynamic parameters, time to first analgesic requirement, postoperative pain scores, the number of analgesic requirements and side effects over postoperative 24 h were recorded.Results: Pain scores were significantly lower in group M compared with group F in the postoperative 24 h. The time to first analgesic requirement was higher in group M than group F. Analgesic requirement was higher in group F than group M for postoperative 24 h. Conclusion: We concluded that the addition of 0.1 mg morphine intrathecally to 12.5 mg heavy bupivacaine provides improved postoperative analgesia, especially after postoperative 12 h than 25 mcg fentanyl for inguinal hernia repair under spinal anesthesia.
Histopathological subtypes of pediatric lymphomas and relation to Ebstein-Barr virus: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study
Authors: KILIÇ BAĞIR Emine , AÇIKALIN Arbil , ERGİN Melek , SEZGİN Gülay , KÜPELİ Serhan , SEYDAOĞLU Gülşah
Published: May 2018

Aim: Lymphomas are the second most common malignant disease after leukemia
and brain tumors in developing
contries. Ebstein-Barr virus has a
initiator role in the development of lymphoma,
but it is known that socioeconomic conditions, genetic features and the immune
supressive factors is also important. We aimed to explore the histopathologic
subtypes of pediatric lymphomas and their relation with Ebstein-Barr virüs infection
in our region.Material
and Methods: In this
retrospective study, 87 children
including 36 cases with hodgkin lymphoma and 51 cases with non-hodgkin lymphoma
were included in the study. The pathologic slides were used to investigate immunohistochemical staining with Ebstein-Barr
virüs latent membrane protein-1 and in-situ hybridization.
Results: The most common histopathological subtype in hodgkin lymphoma cases  were mixed cellular classical Hodgkin lymphoma
(55.6%) followed by nodular sclerosis classical hodgkin lymphoma (16.6%). The most common histopathological subtype in non-Hodgkin
lymphoma cases was Burkitt lymphoma
(51.0%) followed by precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (13.7%). Ebstein-Barr
virüs latent membrane protein-1 was positive in 29 Hodgkin lymphoma. All non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases were
stained negative with ımmunohistochemical. The positive staining rate of  Hodgkin lymphoma cases with  in-situ hybridization
was 83.3% and this rate was
27.5% in non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases. The differences between groups for both
staining methods were statistically significant (p<0.001)

Conclusion: The results of this study show that the distribution of histopatholojik
subtypes of pediatric lymphomas similar to in developing countries. And we have
observed that in-situ hybridization is
more specific than immunohistochemistry because Ebstein-Barr virus positivity is more detected in in-situ hybridization.
Cardiac effects of hemodialysis in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Arslan Alev , Küçükosmanoğlu Osman , Noyan Zekiye Aytül , Özbarlas Nazan
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate cardiac functions before and after hemodialysis in children with chronical renal failure.Materials and Methods: The study comprised 24 children undergoing hemodialysis more then six months. Conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography was performed, NT-proBNP levels were measured before and after hemodialysis. Echocardiographic results were compared regard to hydration status which measured with body composition monitor and hypotension event during dialysis. Results: Myocardial performance indices which gained with tissue Doppler echo were high in 22 patient. Mitral E/A ratio significantly decreased after hemodialysis. NT-proBNP levels were high but no difference was determined after dialysis. Nine patient experienced hypotension but nonsignificant difference was detected regarding echocardiographic findings and NT-proBNP levels. Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction is frequent in chronical renal failure. Tissue Doppler echocardiography and myocardial performance index supply a more proper evaluation of global and regional cardiac function in chronical renal failure due to less hydration affectability. NT-proBNP should be monitored for cardiac dysfunction in chronical renal failure. Body composition monitor should be used in children for setting the ultrafiltration volume.
Intrascleral sutureless fixation of three-piece intraocular lens for aphakia management
Authors: Çiloğlu Emine , Ünal Fikret
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to report the technique of sutureless intrascleral fixation (SIF) of three-piece foldable intraocular lens (IOL) in patients with insufficient posterior capsule support.Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective case series. We performed our modified technique on 54 patients. A 27-gauge needle was used to remove the haptics of the IOL from the scleral tunnel. The tips of the haptic were cautherized and then inserted into the scleral tunnel. The preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and complications were evaluated.Results: Fifty-four patients (24 women, 30 men) were included. The mean age was 52.4±14.5 years. The mean follow-up was 12±6.8 months. The mean preoperative BCVA (Snellen) was 20/500. At the postoperative first month, the mean BCVA was 20/80. The mean preoperative IOP was 12.5±3.5 mm Hg, at first month it was 12.8±6.5 mm Hg. Postoperative complications included subconjunctival hemorrhage in 12 patients, hyphema in 2 patients, and vitreous hemorrhage in 1 patient. There was no occurrence of haptic exposure, IOL tilted or decentration during the follow-up in this study.Conclusion: SIF of three-piece IOL is a reliable, rapid and easy to apply method. There are no significant changes in IOP and no permanent complications after surgery. It is also a succesful method in view of the consequential apparent improvement in visual acuity.
Cancerous cell lines alter their genomic organization and karyotype with increased passage number: a cytogenetic study
Authors: YILMAZ M. Bertan , TUNÇ Erdal , ILGAZ N. Seda , ÖKSÜZ Hale , ÖZTECİK Ezgi , ÖZPAK Lütfiye , ÖCAL İşıl , PAZARBAŞI Ayfer , DEMİRHAN Osman
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The limited use of mammals in human health related scientific research has led to the development of new research strategies like cell culture techniques. Commercially available cancerous cell lines that are well characterized by cytogenetics and biochemical markers allow comparison of results among different laboratories. However, as these cell lines tend to be maintained in culture over long periods of time, mutations can occur that may change characteristics and responses of cell lines that have initially been identified or non-existed at earlier passages. Here we cytogenetically investigated the chromosomal rearrangements in repeated cultures of six different cell lines over continuous passages. Method: MCF7, HCT116, A549, SHSY5Y, HEPG2, and NIH3T3 cell lines were cultured in DMEM containing 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin.  GTG banding procedure was used for the analysis of metaphase chromosomes, at least 20 metaphases were analyzed per cell line. Results: We found chromosome number variations and structural changes in the all examined cell cultures as the passage numbers increase. Conclusion: Cell lines have long been used in research to test drugs, to delineate molecular mechanisms, to understand the environmental effects and so on. The most important feature of a cell line is its genotype and karyotype similarities with their host organism. Cancer Cell lines, possess genomic/chromosomal instability that also lead them to change their phenotype along with their karyotype from one passage to next. Therefore, it is always best to verify karyotype before employing a specific cell line in a research project.
Effectiveness of Bobath therapy on balance in cerebral palsy
Authors: Kavlak Erdoğan , Ünal Ayşe , Tekin Fatih , Altuğ Filiz
Published: May 2018

Purpose: Weakness on balance control is one of the most common problems for children with cerebral palsy. Present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of 8 week-Bobath therapy on balance in children with diparetic or hemiparetic cerebral palsy.Materials and Methods: A total of 15 cerebral palsy diagnosed children (8 diparesis, 7 hemiparesis) aged 5-14 years, were included in this study. Children could walk independently or by using a walking aid. The demographic data were saved for each case. Gross Motor Function Classification System and Gross Motor Function Measure were used to determine level of motor function. 1 Minute Walking Test, 10-meter Walking Test, Pediatric Balance Scale for balance ability and Functional Independence Measure for children (WeeFIM) for assessing of independence in activities of daily living were used. Bobath therapy were applied to children one 60-minute session, 2 days a week and 8 weeks in total. All evaluations were performed before treatment and repeated after treatment program.Results: After 8-week Bobath therapy, the results showed that improvement in motor function, level of functional independence and balance scores were statistically significant. Conclusion: Bobath therapy improves functional motor ability, independence level on daily living activities, and also balance ability in children with cerebral palsy.
Effects of dentin graft on bone mineral density of newly formed bone: an experimental animal study
Authors: MERCAN Uğur , SÜMER Mahmut , UÇAK SEMİRGEN Sibel , BALLI Umut , BETİL KABAK Yonca , ŞENYURT Özgün
Published: May 2018

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone mineral density of dentin used as bone graft material in bone defects. Materials and Methods: Sixteen male New Zealand white rabbits were used. Two critical-size calvarial bone defects were created in each rabbit and filled with different types of grafts. The bone defects were divided into four groups. The defects in group A1 were filled with processed dentin from human teeth; group A2 was filled with processed dentin from rabbit teeth; group B1 was filled with bovine bone (Bio-Oss), and the defects in group B2 were left empty. Bone mineral density was evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the 4th and 12th weeks. Results: The bone mineral density values at the 4th week were not statistically different among groups A1, A2 and B1. However, the bone mineral density values at the 12th weeks were significantly higher for group B1 than the other groups. Histopathologic evaluations showed better bone-healing for group B1 than  group A1 and A2. Conclusion: Dentin grafts and bovine bone graft have similar outcomes according to the bone mineral density values at the early term of bone-healing (4 weeks). However, in the late term of bone-healing (12 weeks), bone mineral density values of bovine bone were better than the other groups.
Bir milia en plak olgusu
Authors: CENK Hülya , SARAÇ Gülbahar , ŞAHİN Nurhan
Published: May 2018

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Aquaporin 2 mutasyonu saptanan konjenital nefrojenik diabetes insipiduslu bir olgu
Authors: ATMIŞ Bahriye , MELEK Engin , HALİLOĞLU Belma , KARABAY BAYAZIT Aysun , ANARAT Ali
Published: May 2018

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Relationship between pulmonary and cognitive functions in myotonic dystrophy type 1: a preliminary study
Authors: Evlice Ahmet , Kuleci Sedat , Koç Filiz
Published: May 2018

Purpose: We aim to evaluate the correlation of neurocognitive findings with pulmonary functions in Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1).Materials and Methods: This is an observational prospective (between 2013-2015 years) cross-sectional single center study at Neurology and Chest clinics of Cukurova University. Mini mental state examination, forward and backward digit span, verbal fluency (semantic and lexical), clock drawing, verbal and visual memory, pulmonar function tests, arterial blood gas samples were performed to DM1 patients and control group. The presence of correlation between neurocognitive tests and pulmonary function, arterial blood gas samples were researched in DM1. Results: There were significant differences between DM1 (10 male, 14 female) and control group (12 male, 9 female) on verbal fluency, clock drawing, forward and backward digit span tests. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between verbal fluency and respiratory function tests (total lung capacity) in DM1.Conclusion: In the present study; we encountered a positive correlation between total lung capacity and verbal fluency in DM1. Pulmonary function tests and neurocognitive assessment should be performed concomitantly in DM1 patients. This provides early detection and treatment of cognitive impairment and loss of pulmonary functions.
Kalıcı tünelli hemodiyaliz kateterlerinin etkinliği ve uzun dönem sonuçları
Authors: ARPACI Taner , ÖZER Caner , YILDIZ Altan
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada son dönem böbrek yetmezliği hastalarına takılan tünelli kalıcı hemodiyaliz kateterlerinin uzun dönem etkinliğinin ve kateter disfonksiyonuna yol açan komplikasyonların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Son dönem böbrek yetmezliği tanılı 40 hastaya iki yıllık çalışma süresinde ultrasonografi ve floroskopi eşliğinde toplam 68 adet kalıcı hemodiyaliz kateteri takıldı. Erken ve geç dönemde ortaya çıkan komplikasyonlar retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Ortalama primer, sekonder ve total kateter ömürleri hesaplandı.Bulgular: Yaşları 20 ile 80 arasında (ortalama 58,2) değişen 40 hastanın 28'i kadın (%70), 12'si erkekti (%30). Uzun dönem komplikasyonlar toplam 58 kez saptandı (1000 kateter gününde 5.2 kez). Kateter trombozu, 10 hastada toplam 28 kez (2.5/1000 kateter günü), kateter bağımlı sepsis 14 hastada toplam 14 kez (1.25/1000 kateter günü), kateterin spontan yerinden çıkması 3 hastada toplam 3 kez (0.27/1000 kateter günü), kateter giriş yerinden kanama 6 hastada toplam 7 kez (0.63/1000 kateter günü), yetersiz kan akımı 3 hastada toplam 3 kez (0.27/1000 kateter günü) saptandı. Buna göre ortalama primer kateter ömrü 186 gün, sekonder kateter ömrü 133 gün ve genel kateter ömrü 164 gün olarak hesaplandı.  Sonuç: Kronik hemodiyalizde nativ arteriovenöz (AV) fistül günümüzde en ideal vasküler girişim yoludur. Çeşitli nedenlerle AV fistül kullanamayan hastalarda tünelli kalıcı hemodiyaliz kateterleri iyi bir alternatiftir.
Şizofreni hastalarında fiziksel hastalık eş tanılarının değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Demirel Döngel Betül , Demirkol Mehmet Emin , Tamam Lut
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmada şizofreni
hastalarının fiziksel hastalık eş tanı profillerinin çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Fiziksel hastalıkların sosyodemografik verilere ve klinik özelliklere göre
farklılıklar gösterip göstermediğinin tanımlanması planlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Çukurova
Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Balcalı Hastanesi Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Anabilim Dalı’nda ve Adana Doktor Ekrem Tok Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları
Hastanesi’nde tedavi görmekte olan şizofreni hastaları alındı. Görüşmeler tek
bir görüşmeci tarafından 30-45 dakikada gerçekleştirildi. Görüşme sırasında
sosyodemografik veri formu, fiziksel hastalıklar listesi ve mevcut fiziksel
hastalık listesi görüşmeci tarafından dolduruldu.

Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 537 hasta
katılmıştır. Hastaların 219'u (%40,8) kadın, 318'i (%59,2) erkektir. Hastaların
yaş ortalaması 38,50 ±12,21'dir. Hastaların 495'inde (%92,2) herhangi bir fiziksel
hastalık olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu hastalıklardan en sık görüleni 458 (%85,3)
hastayla ağız-diş sağlığı problemleridir. Daha sonra ise obezite gelmektedir
(170 hasta, %31,7). 3. sıklıkta gözlenen hastalık diyabet olup 50 (%9,3)
hastada bulunmuştur. Ardından ise hipertansiyon ve hiperlipidemi gelmektedir
(her ikisi de 39 hastada saptanmıştır, %7,3).

Sonuç: Elde ettiğimiz bulgular
şizofreni hastalarının büyük çoğunluğunun bir fiziksel hastalık eş tanısı
olduğunu göstermiştir. Şizofreni hastalarının genel tıbbi durumu ilgilendiren
hastalıklarına karşı özenli olmamaları nedeniyle bir kısım hastalıklarının
tanısının atlandığı da düşünülünce bu oranların çok daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna
varılabilir. Bazı hastalıkların sıklıklarının şizofreni hastalarında arttığına
da dikkat edilirse şizofreni hastalarının en önemli ölüm sebeplerinden olan fiziksel
hastalık eş tanılarının etkin şekilde tanılanması ve tedavi edilmesi
gerekliliği kanaatine varılmıştır.
Negative effects of polygamy on family members in the province of Diyarbakir, Turkey
Authors: Okan İbiloğlu Aslıhan , Atlı Abdullah , Özkan Mustafa
Published: May 2018

Purpose: We aimed to here, determine whether the different sociodemographic and clinical variables of polygamous and monogamous marriages.Materials and Methods: 104 polygamous husbands with 56 monogamous husbands from Diyarbakir which located in southeastern region of Turkey, were face to face interviewed, by the researchers.  Complaints of all participants were assessed through the SCL-90-R test.Results: Our findings show that about 75% of the husbands were pleased to in polygamous marriages. There was significantly differences between senior wives and junior wives’ ages, in polygamous marriage. Polygamous husbands' GSI subscore, in SCL-90-R, along with their psychoticism, hostility and phobic anxiety's sub-scores were significantly higher than scores of monogamous husbands. Conclusion: A growing number of studies show that, polygamous marriage is associated with depressive and anxiety disorders, somatization disorders and a loss of self-esteem. In addition to, having the responsibility of supporting “multiple women and children”, men can have different problems in a polygamous marriage. It should be noted that, polygamy is a complex phenomenon with deep cultural, social, economic, and political roots that has been associated with child’s, husband’s and wive’s mental health symptoms. Our results, polygamous marriages are associated with higher risk for psychiatric disorders among the all family members, regardless of their education, family socioeconomic profiles and household composition as well as these results highlighted important implications for clinical practices and future researches.
Arka kapsül bütünlüğü olmayan olgularda arka kamara göz içi mercek implantasyonu
Authors: Şingar Özdemir Evin , Altıparmak Uğur Emrah , Ünlü Nurten , Özdemir Yaprak Arzu , Duman Sunay
Published: May 2018

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı yeterli arka kapsüler desteği olmayan hastalarda primer iris-fiksasyonlu ve skleral fiksasyonlu arka kamara göz içi mercek implantasyonlarının sonuçlarını karşılaştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Katarakt ameliyatı sırasında yetersiz arka kapsül desteği nedeniyle primer sütüre arka kamara göz içi mercek implantasyonu yapılan hastaların prospektif analizi yapıldı. En iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği, görme keskinliği artışı ve gelişen komplikasyonlar değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Çalışmamızda 13 hastaya (%30,2) iris-fiksasyonlu ve 30 hastaya (% 69,8) skleral fiksasyonlu arka kamara göz içi mercek implantasyonu uygulandı. İris fiksasyonlu grupta 11 hastada (%84,6), skleral fiksasyonlu grupta 25 hastada (%83,3) görme keskinliği , Snellen eşeline göre en az 1 sıra arttı. İris fiksasyonlu grupta % 30,8 hastada (n = 4), skleral fiksasyonlu grupta  % 50 hastada (n = 15) 0,5 ve üzerinde en iyi düzeltilmiş görme keskinliği mevcuttu. Sonuç: Primer iris-fiksasyonlu ve skleral fiksasyonlu arka kamara göz içi mercek implantasyonları tatmin edici görsel sonuçlar vermektedir. Sütüre arka kamara göz içi merceğin fikse edileceği bölgenin seçiminde altı çizilmesi gereken noktalar; gözünün ameliyat öncesi durumu, arka kamara göz içi merceğin fikse edilecek bölgenin durumu, lensin türü ve cerrahın tercihidir.