bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AGU Chapman Conferences
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Ionospheric Plasmas in the Magnetosphere: Sources, Mechanism, and Consequences (Yosemite National Park, Calif., February 2–5, 1986) Convenor: Dennis Gallagher Attendance: 60; Modeling of Rainfall Fields (Caracas, Venezuela, March 24–27, 1986) Convenors: Ignacio Rodriguez‐Iturbe and Vijay Gupta Attendance: 36; Fast Glacier Flow: Ice Streams, Surging, and Tidewater Glaciers (Whistler Village, Canada, May 5–8, 1986) Convenor: Garry Clarke Attendance: 74; Microbial Processes in the Transport, Fate, and In Situ Treatment of Subsurface Contaminants (Snowbird, Utah, October 1–3, 1986) Convenors: Fred Molz, James Mercer, and John Wilson Attendance: 157; El Nino: An International Symposium (Guayaquil, Ecuador, October 27–31, 1986) Convenor: David Enfield Attendance: 140.
Advocacy and AGU
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In May 1982, the AGU Council approved the following policy on the Union's role in advocacy on public issues.

The American Geophysical Union is an association of scientists, scholars, and interested lay public for the purpose of advancing geophysical science. The Union shares a collateral sense of responsibility to assure that the results of geophysical research are made available to benefit all mankind. The Union encourages its members to exercise their individual sense of responsibility in addressing political and social issues. Should they choose to act collectively on such issues, other organizations exist for such purposes. The American Geophysical Union, as a society, should preserve its unique position as an objective source of analysis and commentary for the full spectrum of geophysical science. Accordingly, the following policies should guide the American Geophysical Union's role as an advocate:
1985 magnetic models for the United States
Authors: Pedie Norman W.
Published: October 2011

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed new mathematical models of the magnetic field in the United States. The models describe the direction and intensity of the field at the beginning of 1985 and the rate of change expected during the next few years. They were derived from several tens of thousands of original field measurements from land, marine, and aerial surveys; from values synthesized from the Magsat‐based International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) model for 1985; and from recent data from magnetic observations and repeat stations. The models will serve as the basis for a new set of magnetic charts, now in preparation. Figure 1 is a simplified small‐scale version of the chart of declination.
JGR‐Solid Earth and Planets editor Seth A. Stein
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

Seth A. Stein, one of the editors of the Journal of Geophysical Research—Solid Earth and Planets, says that his approach to editing the journal is based on the premise that authors, reviewers, and editors are all drawn from the same community: the journal's readers. “We all want JGR to publish interesting papers of the highest possible quality. Each of us believes that the papers we review are improved by our comments. It follows, although it is a little harder for most of us to accept, that our own papers generally contain better science and are more useful to readers as a result of reviews,” Stein told Eos.

Stein, an associate professor of geological sciences at Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.), is one of the seven editors of JGR—Solid Earth and Planets for 1987 and 1988 (see box). His specialties are tectonophysics and seismology.
NSF to fund superconductors research
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has launched a new initiative to speed U.S. research on superconducting materials. The new effort includes two programs: one for basic research on superconducting materials, sponsored by NSF's Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, and one for research on ways to process these materials into useful forms, sponsored by the Directorate for Engineering.

Superconducting materials can carry electricity without loss from resistance. Recent research breakthroughs have brought to light new “high‐temperature” superconducting materials that can function above the boiling point of nitrogen (77 K or −196°C) and may lead to commercial applications in areas such as electric power generation and distribution, microelectronics, remote sensing, medical diagnostic systems, and transportation (Eos, March 24, 1987, p. 161).
AGU Chapman Conference on El Niño
Authors: Enfield David
Published: October 2011

The AGU Chapman Conference on El Niño was convened by David Enfield (Oregon State University, Corvallis) in Guayaquil, Ecuador, during October 27–31, 1986. This meeting brought together about 130 marine and atmospheric scientists from many developed and developing nations and from widely varied disciplinary backgrounds who share a common interest in the variegated aspects of El Niño research. The conference was organized by AGU under a grant from the National Science Foundation, which funded the U.S.‐based organizational and travel costs for participants from the developed nations. These researchers were mostly from the United States, with a number of others from Europe and Australia. The conference could not possibly have succeeded, however, without the joint sponsorship of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the South Pacific Permanent Commission (SPPC). These groups financed the local hosting expenses as well as the travel costs for the participants from the developing nations, most of whom came from Latin America. The Instituto Nacional de Pesca, under the able direction of Roberto Jimenez, hosted the meeting and provided local organization, including the invaluable assistance of simultaneous translation in Spanish and English. (About half the participants had Spanish as their primary language, while the other half were more fluent in English).
AAU Moratorium on earmarking funds for facilities
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A majority of the member institutions of the Association of American Universities (AAU) recently voted to observe a ban on seeking congressionally earmarked funding for research facilities. The vote represented part of AAU's response to a report on facilities funding that was issued by a working committee (the so‐called “Langenberg Committee,” named for chairman Donald N. Langenberg, chancellor of the University of Illinois at Chicago) that was sponsored by AAU, among others (Eos, May 19, 1987, p. 530). In recent years, an increasing number of colleges and universities have sought and received direct congressional appropriations earmarked for their research facilities without conventional merit review.
Pluto may have an atmosphere
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

New evidence suggests that Pluto may have a more substantial atmosphere than the tenuous methane atmosphere that had been hinted at by earlier data. The new findings are based on results from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) and on extensive observations taken through telescopes on Earth over the past 3 years.

Edward F. Tedesco, Glenn J. Veeder, and R. Scott Dunbar of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (Pasadena, Calif.) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Larry A. Lebofsky of the University of Arizona (Tucson) reported their results in the May 14, 1987, issue of Nature. They said that Pluto's thermal characteristics, as measured twice in 1983 by IRAS, support the suggestion that Pluto has a substantial methane atmosphere.
U.S.‐PRC Exchange Program
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Applications are being sought for a short term exchange program for scholars from the United States and the People's Republic of China during the 1988–1989 academic year. The Visiting Scholar Exchange Program will provide awards for research and lecture visits of 1 to 3 months' duration by scholars in the natural sciences, engineering, social sciences, and humanities.
1987 William Bowie Medal to Robert N. Clayton
Authors: Goldsmith Julian R. , Clayton Robert N.
Published: October 2011

In my mind's eye I still see Bob Clayton as he was first introduced to me by Sam Epstein, nodding hello from behind an extraction line at Caltech [the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena], where he was a graduate student. After getting his degree in chemistry, Bob went to Penn State [Pennsylvania State University, University Park] for 2 years but was lured to Chicago in 1958 when Harold Urey “retired.” Bob is exceedingly conscientious and more dedicated to excellence in science than anyone I know, and he awed those who may have expected a replacement for Urey by striding along his own new and clearly blazed trails. But Bob does the very best job possible in everything he does; in research, in teaching, in administration, and in service activities, and I'm glad I won't be around to worry about the void he leaves at retirement. Incidentally, I find it awkward in his presence to say anything good about him. He does not engage in small talk and unnecessary speculation and does not express subjective opinions; I fear he will challenge these Clayton‐directed judgments as subjective, irrespective of their laudatory nature.
U.S. competitiveness compromised by outdated research facilities
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

American industrial competitiveness is compromised by the effects of outdated university research and educational facilities, by the resulting slowed pace of university research, by a diminished knowledge base, and by an inability to train students in technological disciplines, according to the president of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md.

Steven Muller testified before the House Committee on Science, Space, and Technology in support of H.R. 1905, the University Research Facilities Revitatilization Act of 1987. The bill, introduced by Rep. Robert A. Roe (D‐N.J.), would create in the National Science Foundation (NSF) a 10‐year, $250‐million‐per‐year program for the repair, renovation, and replacement of research laboratories in U.S. colleges and universities.
Waterman Award nominations sought
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Science Foundation (NSF) is seeking nominations of candidates for the Alan T. Waterman Award. This honor, which gives recognition to an outstanding young researcher in any field of science, mathematics, or engineering, was established by Congress in 1975 to mark NSF's 25th anniversary.

According to NSF's announcement, candidates for the award must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are 35 years of age or younger (or not more than 5 years beyond receipt of a Ph.D. degree) by December 31, 1987. They should have completed enough scientific or engineering research to have demonstrated, by their own accomplishments, that they have outstanding capability and exceptional promise for significant achievements in the future. In addition, NSF states, the candidates should exhibit quality, innovation, and potential for discovery in their research.
NASA establishes office of exploration
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has a new Office of Exploration that will coordinate agency activities that would “expand the human presence beyond Earth,” particularly to the moon and Mars.

Sally K. Ride is serving as the office's acting assistant administrator until mid August. Ride, the first U.S. woman in space, has been in charge of a NASA study to determine a possible new major space goal for the United States. Her study group recently identified four major areas for concentrated examination as possible initiatives for a new national space objective:

intensive study of Earth systems for better understanding of how to protect Earth's environment,

a stepped‐up robotic program to explore the planets, moons, and other solar system bodies,

the establishment of a scientific base and a permanent human presence on the moon, and

intensive exploration of Mars by robot, followed by human exploration of the planet.
Louis J. Battan 1923”1986
Authors: Atlas David
Published: October 2011

Dr. Louis J. Battan died on October 29, 1986, after a short illness. Although he had been a professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Arizon a since 1958 and director of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics there from 1973 to 1982 (and associate director from 1958 to 1973), his activities on the national and international scenes were so varied that he was known in different ways by the numerous communities with which he was involved. However, all who knew him shared his uncommonly good humor, took pride in his friendship, and respected his wisdom and good judgment. Lou is survived by his wife Jeanette, daughter Suzette, and son Paul.

Battan was born in New York City on February 9, 1923. He was the second of four sons born to Annibale and Luisa Battan, immigrants to the United States from the village of Vigo in the Tyrolean Alps of Austria. He grew up in Brooklyn, N.Y., in a family environment that encouraged the highest moral standards and a devotion to hard work and self‐reliance, qualities that remained with him throughout his life.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman: (1) the dissertation title, (2) author's name, (3) name of the degree‐granting department and institution, (4) faculty advisor, (5) month and year degree was awarded, and (6) category o f dissertation subject (Atmospheric Sciences, Hydrology, Ocean Sciences, Solid Earth, or Space Sciences).
June streamflow
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Streamflow was in the normal to above‐normal range at about 58% of the 191 reporting index streamflow‐gaging stations in southern Canada, the United States, and Puerto Rico, according the the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). This is about the same percentage of stations with flow in this range that occurred during May 1987 and during May 1986.
Scientists with disabilities listed
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A directory published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) will contain listings of some 950 scientists and engineers with disabilities. The second edition of the Resource Directory of Scientists and Engineers With Disabilities contains information about the scientific interest, gender, geographic location, and disabilities of people from a variety of fields.
More time for space telescope proposals
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The deadline for proposals from amateur astronomers to use the Hubble Space Telescope has been extended from June 30, 1987, until the date of the next space shuttle flight, presently slated for June 1988. When the telescope is launched into orbit, several hours of observing time per year will be available for amateur projects. Linking the deadline to the shuttle liftoff is a way of insuring the timeliness of proposals; possible future delays in scheduling of shuttle flights (including the telescope mission) will be reflected in the timetable for amateur projects, according to a spokesman for the Space Telescope Science Institute (STSI) at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md. STSI coordinates plans fo the telescope and is operated for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration by a university consortium, t h e Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. Inquiries about amateur proposals should be made to the American Association of Variable Star Observers, (AAVSO), 25 Birch St., Cambridge, MA 02138. The AAVSO is an association of seven amateur astronomical organizations whose members include the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers.
Rainfall runoff model development and applications
Authors: Franz Delbert
Published: October 2011

The afternoon portion of this 1987 AGU Fall Meeting session (chaired by Delbert Franz, Linsley, Kraeger Associates, Los Gatos, Calif., and Alan Lumb, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Reston, Va.), was designed by the Hydrology Section's Surface Runoff Committee to focus on the applications of rainfall runoff models in water resources engineering practice. As a result, the majority of the speakers were consultants, with the remainder being from governmental agencies. The topics represented the spectrum of current applications of rainfall runoff models.
Large‐scale climatic and hydrologic variability and interactions
Authors: Koch Roy W.
Published: October 2011

A special session entitled “Large Scale Climatic and Hydrologic Variability and Interactions” was held at the 1986 AGU Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif. Sponsored jointly by the Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences sections, the conference objective was to explore the current state of understanding and methods of analysis appropriate to climate and hydrologic processes on large time scales (e.g., seasonal or annual) and over broad areas (e.g., continental). In particular, the interactions between climate and hydrologic processes and observed variability were addressed.
General session on surface water
Authors: Puente Carlos E.
Published: October 2011

The AGU Hydrology Section's General Surface Water session at the 1987 Fall Meeting was varied in scope. It started with a paper by L. Chiu (Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) and B. Kedem (University of Maryland, College Park) on estimation of the average rainfall rate over an area. The authors proposed a mixed distribution model specified by three parameters that give the probability of rain and the distribution of the rainy portion. They found that the GATE (GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment, where GARP is Global Atmospheric Research Program) rainfall data followed a lognormal distribution during rainfall events. The three parameters of the model were observed to vary as the averaging area increased. When large averaging was done on the GATE data, the distribution became more skewed, with the lognormal distribution providing a good fit.
Ocean Sciences Section objectives
Authors: Gordon Arnold L.
Published: October 2011

Earlier this year, I set up an ad hoc Objectives Committee for the AGU Ocean Sciences Section (OSS). This committee met and discussed two topics of growing concern to U.S. oceanographers: the schedule of AGU/OSS national meetings, and the future of The Oceanography Report (TOR) in Eos.

The committee members present for the discussion were the current OSS section officers, President Arnold Gordon, President‐Elect Barbara Hickey, and Secretary Rana Fine; past OSS presidents Chris Mooers and Worth Nowlin, Jr.; TOR Editor David Brooks; American Society of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO) President Richard Barber; and invited members Melbourne Briscoe and Constance Sancetta. Past OSS presidents Joe Reid and James O'Brien were unable to attend the meeting. AGU headquarters (Washington, D.C.) was represented at the meeting by William Sackett, who was the 1986–1987 Richard Montgomery Field Fellow.
Plumbing the Big G in Greenland
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A group of scientists has been going to great lengths (and depths) to measure the universal gravitational constant G. They have just returned from Greenland with the data that they hope will allow the most accurate determination ever of this fundamental constant. More importantly, the results may show variations in G, proving the existence of a fifth force in the universe. The measurements could have important implications for mundane tasks such as the calculation of the mass of planets and for more sublime matters such as the construction of a unified field theory.
Chapman Conference on Ionospheric Plasma in the Magnetosphere
Authors: Gallagher D. L. , Burch J. L. , Klumpar D. M. , Moore T. E. , Waite J. H.
Published: October 2011

An AGU Chapman Conference dedicated to discussion of the role of ionospheric plasma in the magnetosphere was held in Yosemite, Calif., during February 3–6, 1986. Conference sponsors were the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Office of Space Science and Applications, and the American Geophysical Union.

The conference was structured around three major topics: the sources of ionospheric plasma in the magnetosphere, the mechanisms for ionospheric outflow into the magnetosphere, and the consequences of ionospheric plasma in the magnetosphere. Experimental data was presented to illustrate the outflow of ionospheric ions from the dayside cusp/cleft region and from regions of electron precipitation, as well as ion outflows associated with Birkeland currents and inverted V events. The interaction between these ionospheric ions and magnetospheric particles and fields was explored, with special attention to the generation of waves and to the subsequent nonlinear interaction of the waves back on the plasma. Topics of interest included the generation of broadband electrostatic noise and the heating of light ion populations near the magnetic equator. Special emphasis was placed on the mechanisms of transverse ion energization responsible for the formation of ion conies, particularly the heating that is associated with ion cyclotron waves, lower hybrid waves, and electrostatic shocks.
Comparing GEOSAT altimetry and sea level
Authors: Wyrtki Klaus
Published: October 2011

The April 1987 issue of the Climate Diagnostics Bulletin of the U.S. National Weather Service contains a set of eight maps of sea surface topography of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, derived from the GEOSAT altimeter by Laury Miller and Robert Cheney (National Geodetic Survey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, Md.). The maps cover the area between 8°N and 8°S and from 174°E to 114°W, are contoured at intervals of 2 cm, and cover the period from December 1, 1986, to March 15, 1987, at intervals of 15 days. Contours range from a maximum of +14 cm to a minimum of −16 cm. The data are obviously smoothed in both time and space and show features with meridional scales of a few hundred kilometers and zonal scales of a few thousand kilometers.
Best Student Papers for 1987 Spring Meeting
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

As they did at previous national meetings, several AGU sections selected Best Student Papers at the 1987 Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md., during May 1987 as a means of encouraging student participation.

Pal Wessel was selected by the Geodesy Section to receive their Best Student Paper Award for his paper entitled “Global Gravity Crossover Corrections: Implications and Applications,” which was coauthored by A. B. Watts (Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO), Palisades, N.Y.). Wessel received his B.Sc. (1982) and M.S. (1984) from the University of Oslo, Norway, in applied geophysics, while working on inversion of gravity anomalies over a continental rift (Oslo Graben). He is currently a Ph.D. candidate at LDGO. Wessel's research in gravity includes statistical analysis of shipboard gravity data, gridding algorithms, and computation of gravimetric geoids. He is also working on flexre of young oceanic lithosphere caused by thermal stresses.
Robert E. Holzer in celebration of his 80th birthday
Authors: Russell C. T. , Brook Marx , Ruttenberg S. , Smith E.J. , Slavin J.A.
Published: October 2011

On December 5, 1986, some of Robert E. Holzer's friends, colleagues, family, and former students gathered at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), to celebrate his 80th birthday and to reminisce about events and experiences covering 5 decades of his career. Four speakers presented vignettes of their days with Holzer. Marx Brook (New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro) told of the early years in New Mexico. Stan Ruttenburg (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colo.) covered the move to California. Ed Smith (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.) recalled the early years in space research. And Jim Slavin (National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.) described the postretirement years, when Bob became a very active researcher once again. To put the vignettes that follow in perspective, we briefly summarize Bob Holzer's career to date.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. I n addition, statements by the candidates for Union and Section Presidents‐Elect will appear. The materials for the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section and the Atmospheric Sciences Section appear below. The material for the Planetology Section appeared in the September 8 issue, and that for the Geodesy Section in the September 15 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices appeare d in Eos on J u ne 16, 1987.
AGU Forum to meet in San Francisco
Authors: Anderson Don
Published: October 2011

In conjunction with the AGU Fall Meeting, there will be a meeting of the AGU Forum: Members are the AGU Executive Council, the Past President, and the Presidents and Presidents‐Elect of all of the sections. At the Forum meeting, opportunities and priorities for scientific activities that will advance geophysics and contribute to our understanding of Earth and the Solar System will be discussed. The results will be published in Eos. Subsequent AGU efforts to make sure these important scientific activities take place will be based on the results of the Forum meeting.

The results of this Forum activity could affect much of geophysics. Your views and opinions are important, and I encourage you to make them known before the 1987 Fall Meeting. To facilitate this process, we will publish them as letters to the editor in the Forum section o f Eos. The scientific importance of increasing the ties between individual disciplines of geophysics makes such a broad exposure of the issues particularly appropriate. You can, of course, also communicate your views directly to members of the Forum.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and Section Presidents‐Elect will appear. The materials for the Hydrology Section appear below. The material for the Planetology Section appeared in the September 8 issue, that for the Geodesy Section in the September 15 issue, that for the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section and that for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the September 22 issue, that for the Seismology and Ocean Sciences sections in the September 29 issue, and that for the Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism and the Solar‐Planetary Relationships sections in the October 6 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices appeared in Eos on June 16, 1987.
Global climate on tape
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Data on ocean climate from 17 countries is now available on magnetic tape from the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) in Washington, D.C. The Global Ocean Climate Data Base covers the period September 1978–March 1980 and includes four types of data: oceanographic hydrocast (bottle) data, conductivity/salinity‐temperature‐depth data, expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data, and Eulerian current (current meter) data. Prices and more information may be obtained by writing to National Oceanographic Data Center User Services Branch NOAA/NESDIS E/OC21 Washington, DC 20235 (Telephone: 202‐673‐5549; E‐MAIL: NODC.WDCA on OMNET/MAIL)
Applications available for NSF, NATO Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

About 810 fellowships will be awarded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) next spring, including 685 NSF Graduate Fellowships, 75 NSF Minority Graduate Fellowships, and about 50 NATO Postdoctoral Fellowships. Competition for the fellowships is open to citizens and nationals of the United States; applications are now available.

NSF Graduate Fellowships are awarded for study leading to a master's or doctoral degree at any nonprofit U.S. or foreign institution of higher education offering advanced degrees in science or engineering. New Fellows will receive a stipend of $12,300 for 12 months of tenure, and a cost‐of‐education allowance of up to $6000 per year, in lieu of tuition and fee charges, will be provided to the institution chosen by the Fellow.
NOZE 3 proposals wanted
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Division of Polar Programs of the National Science Foundation (NSF) has announced a special proposal selection process for research projects related to the annual decrease in stratospheric ozone over Anarctica in the austral spring.

The NSF division has, along with other agencies, supported the first and second National Ozone Expeditions (NOZE 1 and 2) during August–October 1986 and 1987. NOZE 3 is expected to be flown to McMurdo Station, Antarctica, in August 1988. Palmer Station is also accessible during the austral winter. The deadline for proposals for logistical support and research to be conducted during NOZE 3 is January 15, 1988. Proposal kits may be ordered by calling NSF's Division of Polar Programs at 202‐357‐7817.
U.S. Seismology Network announced
Authors: Simpson David W.
Published: October 2011

The recording of earthquakes in the United States will take on a new dimension over the next decade with the announced development of a National Seismic Network by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). While a new National Seismic Network will significantly improve the U.S. ability to monitor earthquakes at the national and global scale, its capabilities will complement and enhance, rather than replace, most existing networks for detailed monitoring of regional and local seismicity.

As described by USGS in a report released in June 1987, the National Seismic Network will be aimed primarily at providing uniform coverage of felt earthquakes in the United States and significant events worldwide. The network will allow the National Earthquake Information Service (NEIS) to improve significantly its ability to provide immediate and accurate locations of earthquakes for emergency response and public information. Installation of the network will start in 1988 in the eastern half of the country, with support from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Controversy on the opening of the Japan Sea
Authors: Kono Masaru
Published: October 2011

The islands of Japan make up one of the most thoroughly studied island arcs in the world. Their earthquakes, volcanic activity, and other phenomena, accompanied by the present‐day plate subduction, are intensively monitored, and the evolutionary history of the arc is well documented by abundant geophysical and geological observations. However, the formation process of the Japan Sea, which separates the Japanese islands from the eastern edge of the Asian continent, is still not very well understood.
Remote instruction in groundwater hydrology
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Wright State University (Dayton, Ohio) is preparing for the seventh cycle of the Interactive Remote Instructional System (IRIS) Groundwater Hydrology Program. The IRIS Program consists of two comprehensive hydrogeology courses that are offered simultaneously, with sessions beginning in mid‐January and mid‐July.

Each course lasts 22 weeks. Course 1 covers the principles of hydrogeology, groundwater flow behavior, hydrogeochemistry and groundwater exploration, and measurement techniques. Course 2 takes the technical aspects of hydrogeology and applies them to situations commonly found in the field and industry. The IRIS P r o g r am evolved to meet the needs of participants by developing a curriculum which reflects current trends in groundwater investigations and enabling the participant to continue in their present job.
History of hydrology: Developments in hydrometeorology
Authors: Clark Robert A.
Published: October 2011

This 1986 AGU Fall Meeting session included six papers. The first three related to bridging the gap between hydrology and hydrometeorology, and the last three related to the concepts of probable maximum precipitation (PMP) and precipitation frequency estimates. The session was well attended and created considerable discussion concerning some historical aspects related to hydrometeorological development.

The paper by V. Yevjevich (George Washington University, Washington, D.C.) discussed historical progress in three areas: understanding and description of geophysical processes, precipitation‐to‐runoff transfer processes, and understanding of modeling of space/time runoff processes. He cited examples taken from African studies that related to these areas. D. Dawdy (hydrologic consultant, San Francisco, Calif.), presented an overview of rainfall runoff modeling that began with the 1960 development of the Stanford Watershed Model by R. K. Linsley (then at Stanford). His discussion was of considerable interest, since he outlined developments in that field over the past 25–30 years, including some developments in which he was an active participant. D. A. Woolhiser (Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, Ariz.), presented an excellent summary of the history of watershed hydrology research by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service (ARS). Many experimental watersheds were developed by ARS after its creation in 1954. Excellent sets of hydrometeorological data are available for many of these watersheds.
Rapid and far‐reaching hydrologic processes in the vadose zone
Authors: Germann Peter F.
Published: October 2011

The AGU Hydrology Section sponsored a session on rapid and far‐reaching hydrologic processes in the vadose zone at the 1987 AGU Spring Meeting in Baltimore, Md. The 20 presentations attracted attention to a topic of gaining importance a n d recognition in various areas of hydrology. The emerging nature of the subject and the need for more generally applicable concepts were expressed in several contributions. The issues ranged from theoretical and experimental considerations of water flow and solute transport in fractures of unsaturated rocks to observations and experiments in blocks and columns of undisturbed soils and in engineered liners to the hydrology of entire fields, hillslopes, and catchments.
Section candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos is carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. In addition, statements by the candidates for Union and Section Presidents‐Elect will appear. The material for the Tectonophysics Section appears below. The material for t h e Planetology Section appeared in the September 8 issue, that for the Geodesy Section in the September 15 issue, that for the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section and that for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the September 22 issue, that for the Seismology and Ocean Sciences sections in the September 29 issue. The material for the Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism and the Solar‐Planetary Relationships sections appeared in the October 6 issue, and the material for the Hydrology Section was in the October 20 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices appeared in Eos on June 16, 1987.
Long time series study of oceanic ecosystems
Authors: Wiebe Peter H. , Miller Charles B. , McGowan John A. , Knox Robert A.
Published: October 2011

Better understanding of the structure and function of natural ecosystems is now widely regarded as essential to protecting the habitability of our planet. Fortunately, the oceans are not yet at the stage of exploitation and rapid alteration that terrestrial environments, especially the tropical rain forests, are now experiencing. Our wise use of the oceans in the future, however, will depend upon having a firm and fundamental understanding of why marine ecosystems are structured the way they are, how they function, and what are the forces that hold them together or make them change. There is still time to acquire the requisite knowledge, and we believe that prolonged direct observation at open ocean sites can contribute greatly. The logistics for this are of a reasonable scale. New (but tested) measurement and data processing techniques can produce a very extensive yet manageable data set. Therefore, to enhance our basic scientific understanding and to provide information for future management decisions, we propose that a program for multiyear occupation of midocean stations should be designed and fielded by the international oceanographic community.
AGU Fall Meeting information
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The meeting is also organized by themes that cut across interdisciplinary fields and allow meeting attendees to move from section to section while following one avenue of geophysics. Themes at this meeting will include:
Advanced sensors fly on Landsat 6
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2011

New systems to sense ocean color and temperature and to acquire data in thermal infrared wavelengths will form part of a 6000‐pound (∼2700‐kg) payload on Landsat 6, due to be launched in early 1991. The new remote sensing satellite will carry the Sea Wide Field Sensor (Sea‐WiFS) and a thermal infrared (TIR) capability, in addition to the Enhanced Thematic Mapper now used on Landsats 4 and 5.

The color and temperature data from Sea‐WiFS will provide information on currents, weather, and the global distribution of phytoplankton and fish that feed on them. TIR applications include measurement and evaluation of vegetation patterns, groundwater resources, snow cover, and crop yield.
[Reply to “Space Station?” by L. H. Meredith] Yes
Authors: Banks Peter M.
Published: October 2011

In Eos, September 29, p. 770, Editor in Chief A. F. Spilhaus Jr., invited readers to respond to the Forum piece Space Station? by L. H. Meredith. Meredith observed that most space station discussion has been about its design and cost, arguing that objectives and use also merit discussion. He asserted “that the only basis on which the Space Station can be justified is that of reasserting U.S. pre‐eminence in space by creating a permanent manned presence and of providing a required step toward the manned exploration of the Solar System.” Letters in this Forum are replies to Meredith's opinions.

After 3 years of service on a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Committee devoted to studying the U.S./International space Station in the context of scientific uses, I have come to the following conclusions that may be of interest to the geophysics research community.
[Reply to “Space Station?” by L.H. Meredith] On the future of the United States in space
Authors: Van Allen James A.
Published: October 2011

It is no news that the space programs of the United States, both civil and military, have been acutely disabled since the Challenger accident in January 1986. Billions of dollars' worth of high‐priority commercial, scientific, and military spacecraft are backing up in the launching queue, but within the civil sector, no effective effort has yet been made to remedy this disgraceful situation. In fact, the present inflexible policy runs in the opposite direction — that is, to worsen the situation.

The likelihood of such a national disability was foreseen in testimony before a subcommittee of the Senate appropriations committee on June 29, 1971, by then—Senator Walter Mondale, Thomas Gold, Brian O'Leary, and myself. At that time, advocates of the development of a fleet of manned space shuttles promised the Congress that each of the proposed shuttles would deliver 50,000 pounds of payload into low Earth orbit at a launching cost of $100 per pound; that each shuttle would have a useful lifetime of 100 missions; that by the early 1980s the United States would be conducting 50 shuttle flights per year (i.e., about one per week) for civil purposes alone; and that all expendable launch vehicles would thereby be rendered obsolete.
New program name shows research scope
Authors: Duprey Nancy
Published: October 2011

The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Program of Princeton University (Princeton, N.J.) has changed its name to the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences. The new name was chosen to better reflect the scope of research conducted by the students and staff of the program. Research areas range from climate dynamics, middle atmospheric dynamics and chemistry, radiative transfer, atmosphere‐ocean interaction, and ocean geochemistry and the carbon cycle to large‐scale atmospheric and oceanic dynamics, frontal dynamics, boundary layer turbulence, and fundamental problems in geophysical fluid dynamics.
Coastal physical oceanography: The next decade
Authors:   The Boulder Group
Published: October 2011

A workshop was held at Boulder, Colo., March 30–April 1, 1987, to consider plans for U.S. research on the physical oceanography of the continental margins. The meeting was convened by R. C. Beardsley (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Woods Hole, Mass.) and J. S. Allen (Oregon State University (OSU), Corvallis), with K. H. Brink (WHOI) as facilitator and G. T. Csanady (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Va.) as rapporteur. A list of those present is given in Table 1. During the first 2 days, the participants presented their views on the current state of knowledge of the various physical processes important in the waters o f the continental margins. These presentations sketched the boundaries of knowledge and illustrated the diversity and vigor of current research on the U.S. margins. The speakers gave their projections of the goals and needs of future research and suggested directions for a national program.
Disconnection events in comet Halley during the ICE‐Halley Radial Period
Authors: Brosius Jeffrey
Published: October 2011

The combination of International Cometary Explorer (ICE) data and International Halley Watch (IHW) photographs of Comet Halley have provided strong evidence that an interplanetary magnetic field polarity reversal alone is sufficient to bring about a disconnection event (DE), in which the entire visible plasma (ion) tail separates from and flows downstream of the comet head. The possibility that a compression region in the solar wind can also bring about a DE is not precluded; however, neither of the two DEs in the study reported here could be clearly attributed to a compression region alone.
Dusty Plasma Workshop
Authors: Horanyi Mihaly , Houpis Harry L.F.
Published: October 2011

A small group of scientists gathered together in Tallahassee, Fla., February 10–12, 1987, for the Second Annual Workshop on Dusty Plasma Physics. Inspired by the success of the first workshop, held in San Diego, Calif., January 1986, coconvenors Mihaly Horanyi (Florida State University, Tallahassee) and Harry Houpis (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor) decided to keep the small, informal format of 1‐2 hour talks with open discussion throughout.
COCORP looks at Moho results, plans new lines
Authors: Nelson K. Douglas
Published: October 2011

The Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) met Septmber 22–23, 1987, at Cornell University (Ithaca, N.Y.) to examine recent progress in deep reflection profiling and to review and develop plans for the future. The tone of the meeting reflected the atmosphere of excitement and discovery that currently pervades this field of study worldwide. A highlight was a review of the recent explosive growth of deep reflection profiling abroad. Such growth clearly shows that deep reflection profiling is recognized worldwide as the preeminent tool for examining the deep structure of the continental lithosphere. Major themes underpinning the committees' deliberations included the nature and behavior of the continental Moho, reflection profiling in Precambrian cratons, and the role of supercomputing in deep reflection processing and interpretation
Economy, security slow EEZ work
Authors: Maggs William Ward
Published: October 2011

The goal of a November 17–19, 1987, conference on the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) was a cooperative scientific plan for the next decade of mapping of and research on the huge expanse of ocean floor lying within 200 nautical miles of U.S. shores. But two hard realities were evident in the speeches, discussions, and recommendations of the participants: Both economics and U.S. national security interests are stalling basic scientific research on the EEZ. The root of these problems, according to the conferees, is the lack of centralized national management of the marine dominion proclaimed by President Reagan in 1983.
Theory of Planetary Atmospheres: An Introduction to Their Physics and Chemistry
Authors: Muller C.
Published: October 2011

This textbook describes the entire field of atmospheric physics for Earth and the planets, from surface levels to just below the magnetospheres. The protean talents of the authors have led to seven chapters: vertical structure of an atmosphere; hydrodynamics of atmospheres; chemistry and dynamics of Earth's stratosphere; planetary astronomy; ionospheres; airglows, auroras, and aeronomy; and finally, stability of planetary atmospheres. iDespite these encyclopedic contents, Aerothe book is never a mere compilation of disparate computer and observational results; simple scientific rationales and analysis are always given priority, without eliminating theoretical developments in the examples taken from planetary cases.
Publication Committee highlights
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Publications Committee met at AGU headquarters on November 17, 1987. Seven members of the committee, one invited guest, and several staff members participated in a lively full‐day meeting.

The committee is responsible for the oversight of all Union publications, for developing policies to guide this area of Union activities, and for advising Council on matters related to the program. The journals, books, translations, and electronic information services are under the committee's purview.
[Comment on “Space station?”] Not now
Authors: Keppler Erhard
Published: October 2011

When the shuttle development started, its acceptance was greatly supported by the promise of a $100/kg transport fare. From 1985, this has risen to $ll,000/kg (and never dropped since), which gives an interesting clue to the reliability of cost estimates for the Space Station. It is very likely that the Challenger disaster will cause another price jump due to increase safety requirements and may lift the price per transported kilogram beyond perhaps $20,000/kg.
Become an AGU supporting member
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

You can extend your commitment to the continuing vitality of geophysics by helping AGU to build funds that will provide for new initiatives and assist in funding some of the nonrevenue programs of AGU, such as the congressional science fellowship, minority student scholarships, and student travel grants. The AGU Development Committee is seeking gifts and contributions toward building the endowment of the Union: The vitality of AGU and the vitality of geophysics march hand in hand.
New IAHS publication puts hydrology in perspective
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The International Symposium on Water for the Future, held in Rome during April 1987, examined the history of hydrology and water resources development. The symposium was convened jointly with the International Association for Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) and the International Association for Hydraulic Research (IAHR). IAHS prepublished papers in a volume entitled Hydrology in Perspective, while IAHR was responsible for prepublishing Water Resources Development in Perspective. The papers covered a very wide range of topics—everything from the hydrological activities of the Aztec civilization to hydrological data collection by satellite.