bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direitos cívicos e políticos na infância e adolescência: da retórica da participação ao protagonismo infantil
Authors: Barbosa Inês
Published: December 2020

In this article we reflect on the 30 years of civil and political rights, legitimized by the Convention on the Rights of the Child. After a brief history and framing of these rights, we analyze concepts, practices and arenas of participation, paving the way for the defense of an approach for “child protagonism”. In this sense, the analysis highlights the constraints and possibilities of initiatives to promote participation. We ended with a reflection on the new challenges facing child and youth citizenship, launching some clues for debate.
Comparison of Post-mortem 7.0-Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brains of Alzheimer Patients with and without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
Authors:   Unitè 1171 “Degenerative and vascular cognitive disorders”, Université de Lille 2, Lille, France, Reuck Jacques De , Auger Florent , Durieux Nicolas , Maurage Claude-Alain , Deramecourt Vincent , Cordonnier Charlotte , Pasquier Florence , Leys Didier , Bordet Regis
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The influence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unexplored. The present post-mortem study investigated possible differences in the degree of hippocampal atrophy (HA) between AD patients with and without CAA using 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Also, the incidence of the hippocampal cortical micro-infarcts (HCoMIs) and hippocampal cortical micro-bleeds (HCoMBs) is compared to those in the neocortex. Methods: The examined post-mortem brains included 30 AD-CAA cases and 20 AD without CAA cases. The samples of the hippocampus were evaluated on the most representative coronal section with T2 and T2* MRI sequences. The average degree of HA was determined in both groups. The incidences of HCoMIs and HCoMBs, along with the frequency of CoMIs and CoMBs in the neocortex were compared in both groups: AD-with CAA and AD without CAA cases. Results: No significant differences were observed in the degree of HA and the incidence of hippocampal micro-infarcts (HMIs) and hippocampal micro-bleeds (HMBs) between the AD-CAA and the AD brains in contrast to the higher incidence of these cerebrovascular lesions in the neocortex of AD-CAA brains. The incidence of CoMIs and CoMBs in the neocortex showed similarity to that in the hippocampus of AD patients without CAA. Conclusions: CAA does not influence the degree of HA and the incidence of micro-infarcts (MIs) and micro-bleeds (MBs) in the hippocampus, in contrast to the high contribution of the latter with CAA in the neocortex. The hippocampus seems to be more spared from cerebrovascular involvement than the other parts of the brain.
Physical Activity, Nutritional Habits, and Sleep Behavior Among Health Profession Students and Employees of a Swiss University During and After COVID-19 Confinement: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Rogan Slavko , Luijckx Eefje , Taeymans Jan , Haas Karin , Baur Heiner
Published: December 2020

Background

SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus strain, has resulted in the COVID-19 pandemic since early 2020. To contain the transmission of this virus, the Swiss Federal Council ordered a nationwide lockdown of all nonessential businesses. Accordingly, students and employees of institutions for higher education were informed to continue their academic programs through home-office settings and online lectures.

Objective

This longitudinal survey aims to evaluate various lifestyle habits such as physical activity, nutritional habits, and sleep behavior among students and employees of a Swiss University of Applied Sciences during a 2-month period of confinement and social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic and 1 year thereafter.

Methods

This paper describes a protocol for a retrospective and prospective observational cohort study. Students and employees of Bern University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Professions, were invited to anonymously complete a web-based survey during the COVID-19 confinement period. This will be followed by a second survey, scheduled 1 year after the lockdown. Information on various lifestyle aspects, including physical activity, nutritional habits, and sleep behavior, will be collected using adaptations of existing validated questionnaires.

Results

This longitudinal study started during the government-ordered confinement period in Switzerland in mid-April 2020 and will end in mid-2021.

Conclusions

The findings of this survey will provide information about the impact of confinement during the COVID-19 crisis on the physical activity, nutritional habits, and sleep behavior of students and employees of a Swiss institute.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04502108; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04502108

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/25051
eHealth Delivery of Educational Content Using Selected Visual Methods to Improve Health Literacy on Lifestyle-Related Diseases: Literature Review (Preprint)
Authors: Aida Azusa , Svensson Thomas , Svensson Akiko Kishi , Chung Ung-Il , Yamauchi Toshimasa
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Lifestyle-related diseases, such as stroke, heart disease, and diabetes, are examples of noncommunicable diseases. Noncommunicable diseases are now the leading cause of death in the world, and their major causes are lifestyle related. The number of eHealth interventions is increasing, which is expected to improve individuals’ health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases.

OBJECTIVE

This literature review aims to identify existing literature published in the past decade on eHealth interventions aimed at improving health literacy on lifestyle-related diseases among the general population using selected visual methods, such as educational videos, films, and movies.

METHODS

A systematic literature search of the PubMed database was conducted in April 2019 for papers written in English and published from April 2, 2009, through April 2, 2019. A total of 538 papers were identified and screened in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flow diagram. Finally, 23 papers were included in this review.

RESULTS

The 23 papers were characterized according to study characteristics (author and year of publication, study design and region where the study was conducted, study objective, service platform, target disease and participant age, research period, outcomes, and research method); the playback time of the educational videos, films, and movies; and the evaluation of the study’s impacts on health literacy. A total of 7 studies compared results using statistical methods. Of these, 5 studies reported significant positive effects of the intervention on health literacy and health-related measures (eg, physical activity, body weight). Although most of the studies included educational content aimed at improving health literacy, only 7 studies measured health literacy. In addition, only 5 studies assessed literacy using health literacy measurement tools.

CONCLUSIONS

This review found that the provision of educational content was satisfactory in most eHealth studies using selected visual methods, such as videos, films, and movies. These findings suggest that eHealth interventions influence people’s health behaviors and that the need for this intervention is expected to increase. Despite the need to develop eHealth interventions, standardized measurement tools to evaluate health literacy are lacking. Further research is required to clarify acceptable health literacy measurements.
Design Features for Improving Mobile Health Intervention User Engagement: Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wei Yanxia , Zheng Pinpin , Deng Hui , Wang Xihui , Li Xiaomei , Fu Hua
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Well-designed mobile health (mHealth) interventions support a positive user experience; however, a high rate of disengagement has been reported as a common concern regarding mHealth interventions. To address this issue, it is necessary to summarize the design features that improve user engagement based on research over the past 10 years, during which time the popularity of mHealth interventions has rapidly increased due to the use of smartphones.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this review was to answer the question “Which design features improve user engagement with mHealth interventions?” by summarizing published literature with the purpose of guiding the design of future mHealth interventions.

METHODS

This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) checklist. Databases, namely, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid EMBASE, and Ovid PsycINFO, were searched for English and Chinese language papers published from January 2009 to June 2019. Thematic analysis was undertaken to assess the design features in eligible studies. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess study quality.

RESULTS

A total of 35 articles were included. The investigated mHealth interventions were mainly used in unhealthy lifestyle (n=17) and chronic disease (n=10) prevention programs. Mobile phone apps (n=24) were the most common delivery method. Qualitative (n=22) and mixed methods (n=9) designs were widely represented. We identified the following 7 themes that influenced user engagement: personalization (n=29), reinforcement (n=23), communication (n=20), navigation (n=17), credibility (n=16), message presentation (n=16), and interface aesthetics (n=7). A checklist was developed that contained these 7 design features and 29 corresponding specific implementations derived from the studies.

CONCLUSIONS

This systematic review and thematic synthesis identified useful design features that make an mHealth intervention more user friendly. We generated a checklist with evidence-based items to enable developers to use our findings easily. Future evaluations should use more robust quantitative approaches to elucidate the relationships between design features and user engagement.
Development of a Mobile App for Ecological Momentary Assessment of Circadian Data: Design Considerations and Usability Testing (Preprint)
Authors: Woolf Thomas B , Goheer Attia , Holzhauer Katherine , Martinez Jonathan , Coughlin Janelle W , Martin Lindsay , Zhao Di , Song Shanshan , Ahmad Yanif , Sokolinskyi Kostiantyn , Remayeva Tetyana , Clark Jeanne M , Bennett Wendy , Lehmann Harold
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

Collecting data on daily habits across a population of individuals is challenging. Mobile-based circadian ecological momentary assessment (cEMA) is a powerful frame for observing the impact of daily living on long-term health.

OBJECTIVE

In this paper, we (1) describe the design, testing, and rationale for specifications of a mobile-based cEMA app to collect timing of eating and sleeping data and (2) compare cEMA and survey data collected as part of a 6-month observational cohort study. The ultimate goal of this paper is to summarize our experience and lessons learned with the Daily24 mobile app and to highlight the pros and cons of this data collection modality.

METHODS

Design specifications for the Daily24 app were drafted by the study team based on the research questions and target audience for the cohort study. The associated backend was optimized to provide real-time data to the study team for participant monitoring and engagement. An external 8-member advisory board was consulted throughout the development process, and additional test users recruited as part of a qualitative study provided feedback through in-depth interviews.

RESULTS

After ≥4 days of at-home use, 37 qualitative study participants provided feedback on the app. The app generally received positive feedback from test users for being fast and easy to use. Test users identified several bugs and areas where modifications were necessary to in-app text and instructions and also provided feedback on the engagement strategy. Data collected through the mobile app captured more variability in eating windows than data collected through a one-time survey, though at a significant cost.

CONCLUSIONS

Researchers should consider the potential uses of a mobile app beyond the initial data collection when deciding whether the time and monetary expenditure are advisable for their situation and goals.
Physical Activity, Nutritional Habits, and Sleeping Behavior in Students and Employees of a Swiss University During the COVID-19 Lockdown Period: Questionnaire Survey Study (Preprint)
Authors: Taeymans Jan , Luijckx Eefje , Rogan Slavko , Haas Karin , Baur Heiner
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 led to the COVID-19 pandemic starting in January 2020. The Swiss Federal Council prescribed a lockdown of nonessential businesses. Students and employees of higher education institutions had to install home offices and participate in online lectures.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this survey study was to evaluate lifestyle habits, such as physical activity (PA), sitting time, nutritional habits (expressed as median modified Mediterranean Diet Score [mMDS]), alcohol consumption habits, and sleeping behavior during a 2-month period of confinement and social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Survey participants were students and employees of a Swiss university of applied sciences.

METHODS

All students and employees from Bern University of Applied Sciences, Department of Health Professions (ie, nursing, nutrition and dietetics, midwifery, and physiotherapy divisions) were invited to complete an anonymous online survey during the COVID-19 confinement period. Information on the lifestyle dimensions of PA, sitting time, nutritional and alcohol consumption habits, and sleep behavior was gathered using adaptations of validated questionnaires. Frequency analyses and nonparametric statistical methods were used for data analysis. Significance was set at 5% α level of error.

RESULTS

Prevalence of non-health-enhancing PA was 37.1%, with participants of the division of physiotherapy showing the lowest prevalence. Prevalence of long sitting time (>8 hours/day) was 36.1%. The median mMDS was 9, where the maximal score was 15, with participants of the division of nutrition and dietetics being more adherent to a Mediterranean diet as compared to the other groups. Prevalence of nonadherence to the Swiss alcohol consumption recommendations was 8.3%. Prevalence of low sleeping quality was 44.7%, while the median sleeping duration was 8 hours, which is considered healthy for adult populations.

CONCLUSIONS

In the group analysis, differences in PA, sitting time, and mMDS were observed between different divisions of health professions as well as between Bachelor of Science students, Master of Science students, and employees. Therefore, public health messages regarding healthy lifestyle habits during home confinement should be more group specific. The results of this study may provide support for the implementation of group-specific health promotion interventions at universities in pandemic conditions.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04502108; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04502108
Психосоциальные аспекты сахарного диабета
Authors: Xhardo E. , Agaçi F.
Published: December 2020

Сложные экологические, социальные, поведенческие и эмоциональные факторы, известные как психосоциальные, влияют на жизнь людей с сахарным диабетом (СД) как первого, так и второго типа и на достижение целевых результатов медицинского и психологического самочувствия. Поэтому люди с СД и члены их семей испытывают сложные, многогранные проблемы при интеграции в повседневную жизнь. Для получения оптимальных медицинских результатов и психологического благополучия необходима помощь, ориентированная на пациента, которая определяется как «предоставление помощи, уважающей и соответствующей индивидуальным предпочтениям, потребностям и ценностям пациента и гарантирующей, что ценности пациента управляют всеми клиническими решениями». Изменения образа жизни не менее важны, помимо чисто медицинских вмешательств, в лечении СД. СД приводит не только к развитию сосудистых и неврологических симптомов заболевания, часто эмоциональный дистресс и психосоциальное влияние на качество жизни этих пациентов затрудняют эффективное управление болезнью. Медицинский менеджмент СД требует от пациента выполнения назначенного специалистом лечения. В обзорной статье подчеркивается необходимость контроля за психосоциальными факторами, которые влияют на течение заболевания, психологическим состоянием (например, депрессия, тревожность, нарушения питания, когнитивные нарушения), а также медицинской грамотности и самоконтроля СД. Рекомендуется проводить скрининг на наличие когнитивных нарушений, деменции и депрессии у лиц старше 65 лет во время первого визита и ежегодно при необходимости, поскольку упомянутые состояния могут быть также проявлениями хронического нарушения мозгового кровообращения или дисциркуляторной энцефалопатии, а значит, их своевременная диагностика и лечение очень важны для увеличения продолжительности жизни пациентов. Задачей эндокринологов является определение начальных нарушений в психоэмоциональной сфере для предотвращения их трансформации в более тяжелые психические нарушения, требующие вмешательства врача-психиатра.
Nuestras experiencias en épocas de contingencia
Authors: Lejarazo Gómez Eva Florencia , Santos Santos Dra. Elvira
Published: December 2020

Estas fueron nuestras experiencias, durante la contingencia 2020-II.
Estructura de la Materia: del salón de clases a la casa con YouTube
Authors: Depablos-Rivera Osmary , Pérez-Figueroa Sara Elizabeth , Martínez Vázquez Ana
Published: December 2020

Ante la pandemia y el encierro, tuvimos que improvisar como todos. Lo que mejor funcionó fue grabar videos y hacer un canal de YouTube® donde los alumnos pudieran verlos, y hacer con los estudiantes actividades semanales que les permitieran trabajar las ideas centrales y ver si las habían comprendido. Además esto nos permitió hacer evaluaciones continuas. En nuestra opinión, lo que mejor funciona son videos de quince minutos de duración, que contengan información clara sobre una idea central. Cada video tiene un objetivo particular que corresponde con las actividades que los alumnos tendrán que realizar. Los videos se pueden consultar en el canal de YouTube® que se llama EstructuraMateriaCORONA.
Aprendizaje de las ciencias por indagación, en modalidad online, con alumnado de secundaria y alumnado universitario y en tiempos de la COVID-19. Dos realidades distintas, un nexo común y un argumento diferenciador
Authors: Álvarez-Herrero Juan Francisco
Published: December 2020

Se describen dos situaciones de procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje por indagación de las ciencias en dos realidades distintas. Ambas sufrieron los efectos del confinamiento por el estado de alarma provocado por la pandemia de la COVID-19 que obligó a nivel mundial, a replantear la modalidad de enseñanza, pasando a ser una enseñanza online en vez de una presencial. Por un lado, en una de las situaciones tenemos alumnado de Física y Química de educación secundaria y por otro lado, a alumnado universitario del grado de Maestro en Educación Infantil en la asignatura de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales. La docencia en ambos grupos de alumnado fue utilizando una metodología de aprendizaje por indagación, adaptándola a la situación y a las exigencias de una enseñanza online. En los dos grupos de alumnado se presentaron problemas e inconvenientes, así como también en los dos se constataron beneficios. Pero del análisis de las dos situaciones descritas se concluye que el alumnado universitario está mejor preparado y más concienciado ante una situación como la vivida por la pandemia del coronavirus y también más dispuesto a saber sobrellevar con éxito esa transición brusca que provocó el cambio de una enseñanza presencial a una online.
Experiencia docente en tiempos de la COVID-19
Authors: Morales Cabrera Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

Se presenta un testimonio sobre la experiencia docente vivida en la Universidad Veracruzana, a raiz de la problemática de salud generada por la COVID-19. En particular, se comentan las estrategias implementadas para una Experiencia Educativa de nivel licenciatura, perteneciente al área de ciencias de la ingeniería, en el programa de Ingeniería Química.
El aula invertida en tiempos del COVID-19
Authors: Janssen Camiel Herman Cornelis
Published: December 2020

La pandemia de COVID-19 ha cambiado la forma en que los profesores universitarios transmiten sus conocimientos a sus alumnos. Se ha acelerado la introducción de una nueva forma de enseñanza: el “aula invertida” (“flipped classroom” en inglés). El aula invertida permite impartir una clase interactiva y con mayor flexibilidad para adaptar la experiencia de aprendizaje. Esto ofrece varios beneficios en la época de COVID-19, donde el aprendizaje en línea se ha convertido en el estándar. El smartphone a menudo se ve como una distracción, sin embargo, en el ramo del aula invertida este puede convertirse en una divertida herramienta de monitoreo para el progreso del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Las experiencias adquiridas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 pueden ayudar en el desarrollo de nuevas formas de enseñanza.
2020: el año que vivimos virtualmente
Authors: Monroy Barreto Minerva , Rodríguez Salazar Ma. Teresa de Jesús , Aguilar Cordero Julio C. , Mercader Trejo Flora E. , Recillas Mota J. Jesús , Herrera Basurto Raúl , Zamora Martínez Olivia , Zaldívar Coria Iliana , García Valdés José de J. , Mendoza Solís Esperanza E. , Ramírez Arenas Stephany , Gómez Carrasco Arlett Gisela , Abán Estrella Alan Alberto , Morales Velázquez Ariana Janai , Bernal España Ilse Pamela , Gutiérrez Sánchez Caterin , Skladal Méndez Analaura , Delgadillo Mendoza Eric D.
Published: December 2020

Este es nuestro testimonio sobre lo que ha significado para nuestro grupo de trabajo iniciar un trabajo colectivo interinstitucional en el marco de un proyecto de innovación educativa en los tiempos de la pandemia. Habiendo sido aprobado para comenzar en 2020, el proyecto mencionado busca brindar herramientas a las alumnas y los alumnos de las carreras de la Facultad de Química de la UNAM para que consigan combinar la investigación empírica con la documental de una manera más estructurada y ágil, a través del empleo de diferentes materiales didácticos, tales como infografías, bases de datos, cápsulas de video, entre otros. La necesidad que se creó en todo el medio académico de apoyarse en las TICs para realizar una gran parte de las tareas de enseñanza e investigación, más allá de representar una aparente barrera para llevar a cabo las labores académicas relacionadas con el proyecto, contribuyó en gran medida a que se alcanzaran algunas de las metas fijadas originalmente para el primer año de desarrollo del mismo, si bien se tuvo que modificar y adaptar el planteamiento hecho originalmente a las nuevas condiciones de trabajo y de interacción social.
La enseñanza remota ante el COVID-19: Experiencias de la docencia en cuatro asignaturas de la UAM-I
Authors: Padilla-Zúñiga Jaqueline , Soto-Estrada Ana María , Serratos Iris , Castañeda-Villa Norma
Published: December 2020

En este trabajo presentamos algunas experiencias sobre la preparación y conducción de los cursos en el periodo previo, y durante el trimestre 20-I en un entorno completamente virtual debido a la contingencia sanitaria prevalente. Todos tuvimos que actuar en un corto plazo para adaptar cursos de Licenciatura y Posgrado que pudieran impartirse de manera remota. Un evento histórico en nuestra casa de estudios, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana y específicamente en la Unidad Iztapalapa (UAM-I).  Aquí se concentran las experiencias de cuatro profesoras que impartimos los cursos de: Transformaciones Químicas del Tronco General de Asignaturas, Introducción a las Ciencias de los Nanomateriales, curso optativo de la Licenciatura en Química; Química Inorgánica I de la Licenciatura en Química y Circuitos Eléctricos de la Licenciatura en Ingeniería Electrónica, todas ellas de la División de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería (DCBI). En este texto hemos incluido la contribución de dos alumnas de licenciatura y una profesora ayudante, que nos relataron sus experiencias de trabajo durante el trimestre 20-I en la UAM-I.

Esperamos que la información aquí contenida sea de utilidad a los profesores y a los alumnos para revisar el camino andado y para que todos nos sintamos orgullos de nuestros logros, a pesar de las faenas agotadoras y de los múltiples obstáculos técnicos que hubo que remontar.
Teorizar la teoría: un debate sobre la independencia epistemológica archivística
Authors: Fortes de Ávila Rodrigo , Navarro de Britto Matos Maria Teresa , Rendón Rojas Miguel Angel
Published: December 2020

Se analizan las discusiones que tuvieron lugar en las revistas American Archivist y Archivaria entre 1982 y 1999 que reflejan las luchas de la Archivística por su identidad como ciencia autónoma. Es posible identificar tres movimientos epistemológicos. El primero apunta la teoría como obstáculo, critica la ineficacia de las generalizaciones científicas, su búsqueda revela más una necesidad del reconocimiento social de la profesión. El segundo se refiere a la teoría como fundamento de cientificidad, que reconoce propiedades esenciales ligadas a la naturaleza de su objeto de estudio y la necesidad de estudiarlas y protegerlas. El último aborda la teoría como transgresión, es decir, como una herramienta de transformación que debe producir cambios indispensables en el desarrollo del campo y considerarla como una forma de liberar las restricciones impuestas por la tradición.
O assunto de obras literárias ficcionais: uma perspetiva de leitores portugueses
Authors: Almeida Patrícia De
Published: December 2020

La determinación de la materia en las obras de ficción es una tarea difícil debido a las especificidades del texto literario. Sin embargo, tal como señalan varios estudios, esta tarea es necesaria y posible de realizar mediante una aproximación a la materia con categorías y teniendo en cuenta el contexto y los usuarios de los servicios de información. Considerando esto, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo investigar las posibles categorías que forman parte de la materia en la ficción, desde la perspectiva de los usuarios de bibliotecas, comparándolas con aquéllas indicadas en la literatura científica internacional. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio de caso exploratorio y cualitativo en una biblioteca pública portuguesa. Los resultados muestran que la aproximación a la materia por categorías también resultó de interés para los usuarios lectores que participaron en la investigación, aunque no todas las categorías señaladas en los estudios internacionales resultaron pertinentes. Sin embargo, parece plausible la existencia de otra (sub)categoría para la descripción de la materia en ficción.
Problemas en la difusión de fonogramas desde instituciones de patrimonio y soluciones mediante procesos de gestión
Authors: Ramos-Simón Luis-Fernando , Miró-Charbonnier Ignacio
Published: December 2020

La gestión de los fonogramas en las instituciones de patrimonio plantea un sinfín de dificultades, sobre todo desde la perspectiva de los derechos de los titulares de las obras. El estudio describe un proceso de gestión documental, representado mediante diagramas de flujo, que está dirigido a resolver las principales dificultades a las que se enfrentan los gestores al momento de divulgar colecciones de fonogramas. En cuanto a la situación de los posibles titulares de derechos sobre los fonogramas, se analizan sucesivamente: a) los diferentes tipos de derechos sobre los documentos sonoros; b) la duración de la protección de los derechos de los autores; c) la duración de los derechos conexos; y d) algunos problemas específicos de la gestión de derechos de autor en las instituciones de patrimonio. En conjunto, el estudio ofrece una herramienta para dar respuesta a la mayoría de los problemas que puede plantear en este entorno la difusión de los fonogramas, y demuestra las ventajas de disponer de una política de derechos de autor en las instituciones, tanto para la gestión interna de sus colecciones de fonogramas como para la difusión de éstas en la sociedad actual.
The propagation of antisymmetric Lamb wave in the hollow cylinder
Authors:   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Myshkin Yuriy V. , Muravieva Olga V. , Voronchikhin Stanislav Yu. ,   IntroScan Technology, JSC, Pon'kina Alexandra A. ,   Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University, Korolev Stanislav A.
Published: December 2020

The article presents research on the propagation of an antisymmetric Lamb wave mode in a hollow steel cylinder with an outer diameter of 1020 mm and a wall thickness of 16 mm at frequencies of 50 and 120 kHz. Dispersion curves for a pipe and a plate are given, examples of which show their similarity in the frequency range from 5 kHz and the presence of higher-order modes. Experimental studies were carried out using piezoelectric transducers with dry point contact on a spiral welded pipe. The research results showed the combined effect of the geometric anisotropy and anisotropy of the pipe material properties on the propagation velocity of the antisymmetric Lamb wave mode. The maximum difference in velocity depending on the angle of deviation of the wave propagation trajectory (deviation angle) was 35 and 55 m/s at a frequency of 50 and 120 kHz, respectively. The effect of the pipe wall thickness on the character of the dependence of the velocity on the deviation angle in the presence of dispersion was established, which amounted to 20 m/s per 1 mm of wall thickness for a given pipe geometry. A qualitative description of the formation of the shape of the dependence of the wave velocity on the deviation angle, which has a minimum at 30 degrees and a maximum at 90 degrees, is presented.
TECNOLOGIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO: UMA TRAMA SUTIL EM PRÁTICAS DE AUTORIA E SUBJETIVAÇÃO NA ALFABETIZAÇÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: Chagas Maria de Fátima De Lima das , Pellanda Nize Maria Campos
Published: December 2020

Este texto trata de uma experiência vivida com estudantes do 5º ano de uma escola pública localizada no interior do Rio Grande do Norte em uma área de periferia. A experiência aconteceu em 2016, e, teve como objetivo viver práticas de alfabetização com 26 estudantes não-alfabetizados na faixa etária de 10 a 16 anos, considerando a subjetividade dos educandos, seus percursos de vida em interação com tecnologias digitais.  O contexto escolar dessa vivência é desenhado a partir de limitações estruturais e materiais. Tessitura com autores como: Freire (2008; 2001; 1992); Levy (2001); Simondon (2007); Emília Ferreiro (1999), Maturana e Varela (2011) e Ortega y Gasset (1963), Eizirik (2007), contribuíram com a discussão teórica deste fazer. A discussão é ancorada no paradigma da complexidade, ou seja, em uma abordagem que não separa as diferentes dimensões da realidade humana, tratando a realidade como fluxo, como devir. Na metodologia, utilizamos a cartografia como método de pesquisa que possibilitou acompanhar os processos vividos na experiência da pesquisa e organizarmos o percurso com os estudantes em oficinas; rodas de conversas; narrativas de si em exercícios de autoria e subjetivação. Como resultados, os 26 estudantes conseguiram produzir com autonomia seu percurso de alfabetização. Para compreender os resultados e as mudanças nas coordenações de ações dos estudantes, as narrativas de si foram o ponto de partida. Essas narrativas constituídas na experiência favoreceram pensamentos e reflexões sobre a importância de constituir redes subjetivas de autoria e afeto no contexto da escola / sala de aula. E, neste exercício de autoria coletiva e de subjetivação, com a inserção de tecnologias, incluindo as digitais nas práticas de leitura e escrita dos educandos, as aprendizagens foram sendo potencializadas. No final, foi possível perceber que em autoria, utilizando ferramentas tecnológicas como dispositivos de cognição e subjetivação, a produção de conhecimento não serviu apenas para favorecer o ato de ler, mas para a vida, para a potência de viver-conhecer.
How often do doctors report serious clinical incidents? A comparison to other healthcare workers and the experience of clinical incident reporting in the NHS.
Authors: Rahman Habib , Cornford Nicki
Published: December 2020

Rationale, aims and objectives: Clinical incident reports are the
primary means by which UK hospitals are alerted to avoidable harm in
healthcare. However, data demonstrating the patterns in real-world
reporting by healthcare workers have never been published in the UK.
Though this journal has previously published survey data describing the
discrepancies between respondents’ own behaviour compared to the
incidence of perceived avoidable harm, we set out to collect data on
actual reporting patterns between healthcare workers. Given the concerns
raised by Robert Francis following the Mid-Staffordshire Inquiry, we
specifically wished to examine the rate of reporting of doctors compared
to other healthcare workers. Methods: We selected for incidents causing
at least ‘moderate’ levels of harm, theorising that such levels of harm
are most likely to be noticed by doctors. Data from 2011 to 2019 from
the clinical governance departments of 2 NHS hospitals was requested and
all available data subsequently charted. Results: This is the first
study examining NHS incident reporting patterns in the medical
profession. We demonstrated a stark level of underreporting of clinical
incidents causing harm ranging from ‘moderate’ to death by doctors. This
was particularly dramatic at the non-consultant grade level. In 1
hospital, only 2 deaths were reported by non-consultant grade doctors in
6 years. Notably 1 hospital had not stored any incident reporting data
until 2017. Conclusion: The reporting behaviour of doctors has not
significantly changed despite the Francis Reports. This could be
improved by creating incentives for doctors to engage with patient
safety initiatives and disclosure of error, as well as the use of
automated systems.
Nur Baba'dan Bektaşi Kız'a Edebiyatta Bektaşî ve Kızılbaş/Alevîlere Yönelik Olum
Authors: Çakmak Yalçın
Published: December 2020

Bektaşiler ve Kızılbaş/Aleviler, resmi inanç Sünnilik dışı inançlarından ötürü 16. yüzyıldan itibaren aleyhte bir takım eleştirin muhatabı olmuştur. Sosyal taban ve inanç açısından çoğu yönden kesişen her iki inanç mensuplarının da özellikle dışa kapalı ritüellerinden ötürü çeşitli ithamlara maruz kaldıkları görülür. Bahse konu durum Osmanlı dönemi resmi belgelerinde dile getirildiği gibi Osmanlı topraklarında son dönem faaliyet gösteren Batılılar tarafından kaleme alınan metinlere de sirayet etmiştir.
Bektaşi ve Kızılbaş/Alevi topluluklarının dışa kapalı bu yapılarından ötürü maruz kaldıkları ithamların başında ise cinsel içerikli suçlamalar gelmektedir. Söz konusu topluluklara yönelik oluşan bu algı da özellikle Sünni topluluklarca dolaşıma sokulan kuşkular ekseninde bir merak unsuru olmuştur. Toplum tarafından beslenen bu merak da gerek Osmanlı gerekse Cumhuriyet dönemi edebiyatında konu edinilecektir. Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoğlu’nun 1913 tarihinde tefrika olarak kaleme alıp, 1922 yılında kitap haline getirdiği Nur Baba romanı bu husustaki ilk çalışmadır. Romanın uyandırdığı yankı ve içerik sonrasında yeni çalışmalara da ilham kaynağı olmuş, Bektaşilik ve Kızılbaş/Alevilik karşıtlığı Ömer Seyfeddin, Peyami Safa (Server Bedî) ve Niyazi Ahmet Banoğlu gibi edebiyatçılar tarafından ilerleyen yıllarda kaleme aldıkları genel ve müstakil çalışmalarda ele alınmıştır.
Bu makalede Nur Baba romanından başlayarak kronolojik bir seyir içerisinde Pamuk İpliği, Harem, Bir Genç Kız Bektaşiler Arasında ve Bektaşi Kız başlıklı hikâye ve romanlar üzerinden Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinden Cumhuriyet’in ortalarına değin Kızılbaş/Alevî ve Bektaşilere yönelik algıdaki aleyhteki sürekliliğin ele alınması amaçlanmaktadır.
Ulus-Devlet Oluşumunda Halk Dinini Folklorize Etmek: Aleviliğin Seküler Folklor
Authors: Coşkuner Murat
Published: December 2020

Din ve dinsel ayinler insanları bir araya getirme güçlerinden dolayı dinsel dünyanın olduğu kadar siyasal yaşamın gündeminden de hiç düşmemişler, siyasal iktidarın yapısına bağlı olarak dönüştürülmüş ve yeniden yorumlanmışlardır. Türkiye’de yönetici iktidar grubu ile Alevi-Kızılbaş toplulukları ve bu toplulukların ayinlerini böyle bir bağlam içerisinde değerlendirecek olan çalışma, günümüzde de etkilerinin güçlü bir şekilde yansıdığı Alevi-Kızılbaş toplulukların dinselliğinin görmezden gelinişinin ve onların dinsel ögelerinin seküler kültürel folklorik alana itilişinin nasıl mümkün kılındığını göstermeyi deneyecektir. Temelleri erken Cumhuriyet döneminde atılan Alevi-Kızılbaş toplulukların bu din dışı alana itiliş sürecinin yeni kurulan Türk ulus-devleti için iki önemli açılım sağladığı gösterilecektir. Ziya Gökalp ve Mehmet Fuad Köprülü’nün eserlerinin metin analizinin gerçekleştirilmesiyle oluşturulacak olan çalışma bu açılımlardan birinin, Türk toplumunun dinsel alanının homojenize edilmesi ötekinin ise Türk devletine din dışı bir seküler kültürel alan inşa edilmesi olduğunu iddia edecektir. Alevi-Kızılbaş toplulukların dinsel niteliklerinin görmezden gelinmesiyle Ehl-i Sünnet mezhebinin Türk toplumunun dinsel alanında tekel konumuna yükseltilebildiği ve din dışı folklorik alana itilen bu topluluklar sayesinde yeni kurulan Türk devletinin tarihte bir seküler kültürel alanı olduğu iddiasını desteklediği gösterilecektir. İki ana bölümden meydana gelecek olan çalışma kapsamında ilk bölümde din, halk dini ve milli toplumların oluşumu esnasında milliyetçi elitlerin bu toplumlar için milli bir din inşa ederken yaptıkları siyasal tercihlerin arkasındaki saikler öne çıkartılacaktır. İzleyen son bölümde ise milli Türk devletinin inşası ve kurumsallaşması esnasında Alevi-Kızılbaş toplulukların nasıl din dışı alana itildiğine ve bunun ne gibi sonuçlar ortaya çıkardığına odaklanılacaktır.
Idealization of j-approximation spaces
Authors: Hosny Mona
Published: December 2020

The current work concentrates on generating different topologies by using the
concept of the ideal. These topologies are used to make more thorough
studies on generalized rough set theory. The rough set theory was first
proposed by Pawlak in 1982. Its core concept is upper and lower
approximations. The principal goal of the rough set theory is reducing the
vagueness of a concept to uncertainty areas at their borders by increasing
the lower approximation and decreasing the upper approximation. For the
mentioned goal, different methods based on ideals are proposed to achieve
this aim. These methods are more accurate than the previous methods. Hence
it is very interesting in rough set context for removing the vagueness
(uncertainty).
On the generalized q-poly-Euler polynomials of the second kind
Authors: Kurt Veli
Published: December 2020

In this work, we define the generalized q-poly-Euler numbers of the second
kind of order ? and the generalized q-poly-Euler polynomials of the second
kind of order ?. We investigate some basic properties for these polynomials
and numbers. In addition, we obtain many identities, relations including the
Roger-Sz?go polynomials, the Al-Salam Carlitz polynomials, q-analogue
Stirling numbers of the second kind and two variable Bernoulli polynomials.
Kinetics of extracting magnesium from prefabricated pellets by silicothermic process under flowing argon atmosphere
Authors: Guo J.-H. , Fu D.-X. , Han J.-B. , Ji Z.-H. , Dou Z.-H. , Zhang T.-A.
Published: December 2020

The Pidgeon process is the main extraction method of magnesium, but its continuous production cannot be achieved due to the switch between vacuum and atmospheric pressure. Therefore, it is vital to realize continuous extraction of magnesium under atmospheric pressure. In this paper, the process of extracting magnesium from prefabricated pellets in flowing argon was proposed. The isothermal kinetic analysis of the reduction process was carried out. The results showed that the reduction process was controlled by diffusion process in 1 h, and the apparent activation energy of extracting magnesium from prefabricated pellets in flowing argon was 218.75 kJ/mol. Then the influence of experimental factors on the reduction rate was explored, including briquetting pressure, carrier gas flow rate, ferrosilicon content, reaction temperature and time. Through analysis and calculation, it was concluded that the main control step of diffusion process was silicon diffusion.
Audit Profession Development and Bank Loan Contracting
Authors: Ge Wenxia , Kang Tony , Song Byron Y. , Zhou Gaoguang
Published: December 2020

This study examines the relation between country-level audit profession development (APD) and bank loan contracting around the world. Using a sample of bank loan data from 35 countries, we find that stronger APD is associated with more favorable loan terms, such as lower loan spreads, fewer covenants, and larger loan amounts. These effects are stronger in countries with a weaker rule of law. We also find that stronger APD attracts significantly more lenders participating in loans and more foreign lenders leading loans. A breakdown of APD into three subcategories, namely, auditor education, auditor independence and liability, and auditor oversight, reveals that all three influence various contracting terms. We also provide evidence that stronger APD is associated with a higher degree of timely loss recognition. Collectively, our findings show that APD improves bank loan contracting terms.

Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources mentioned in the manuscript.

JEL Classification: F34; K20; M41; M42.
9. Pharmacologic Approaches to Glycemic Treatment: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
Authors:   American Diabetes Association
Published: December 2020

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
12. Older Adults:Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2021
Authors:   American Diabetes Association
Published: December 2020

The American Diabetes Association (ADA) “Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes” includes the ADA's current clinical practice recommendations and is intended to provide the components of diabetes care, general treatment goals and guidelines, and tools to evaluate quality of care. Members of the ADA Professional Practice Committee, a multidisciplinary expert committee (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SPPC), are responsible for updating the Standards of Care annually, or more frequently as warranted. For a detailed description of ADA standards, statements, and reports, as well as the evidence-grading system for ADA's clinical practice recommendations, please refer to the Standards of Care Introduction (https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-SINT). Readers who wish to comment on the Standards of Care are invited to do so at professional.diabetes.org/SOC.
Effect of infrared pulsated laser on the structural and optical properties of PVA/Sn0.75Cr0.25S2 nanocomposite films
Authors: Barakat M. M. E. , El-Shamy N. T. , Benthami K. , Alhazime Ali A. , Nouh S. A.
Published: December 2020

A polyvinyl alcohol/tin chromium disulphide (PVA/Sn0.75Cr0.25S2) nanocomposite (NCP) was synthesized by the thermolysis and casting routes. The resulted effect of laser, within fluences 2–28 J/cm2, on the structural and optical characterization of PVA/Sn0.75Cr0.25S2 NCP, was inspected by using XRD, FTIR, and UV spectroscopes. Additionally, the optical bandgap reduced from 3.47 to 2.77 eV on increasing the fluence to 28 J/cm2, indicating the growth in disordered phase. This was convoyed with a rise in the refractive index values from 2.28 to 2.46, revealing the spreading of the Sn0.75Cr0.25S2 nanoparticles (NPs) into the PVA matrix that reduces the anisotropic character of the NCP samples. Moreover, any color variation between the pristine and exposed NCP samples (color intensity, ΔE) was computed; the results show that the NCP films have a response to color modifications by laser, since ΔE increases from 21.45 to 134.97. According to the resulting enhancement in the optical characteristics of the developed NCP, it may be a suitable candidate as a material that is used in optoelectronic devices.
«Rom» som metafor i utviklingen av (kritisk) tenkning: En diskusjon av begrepene «kritisk tenkning» og «etisk bevissthet» i læreplanens overordnede del i lys av Hannah Arendt
Authors: Hustvedt Marianne
Published: December 2020

This article aims to discuss the key notions ‘critical thinking’ and ‘ethical consciousness’ in the new national curriculum in the light of the philosopher Hannah Arendt’s work The Life of the Mind. Much has been said about being critical, but not so much about thinking. It is the claim of the author that it is unclear in both the national curriculum and some of the pedagogical literature as to what characterizes thinking, and that this stems from a theoretical deficit for understanding the activity of thinking. The consequence is that concepts such as thinking and judgement are confused and thinking is instrumentalized. Hence the article proposes to see Arendt’s use of the metaphor ‘space’ and other spatial metaphors to determine hallmarks of the activity of thinking. A vital hallmark of Arendt’s work is the radical autonomy of thinking partly detached from judgment and instrumental purposes. The author thus attempts to give a critical but constructive contribution to the national curriculum’s description of thinking as ‘giving room for uncertainty and unpredictability’ which could be understood in light of Arendt’s thought.
Hva er det med Gilead? Det bibelske navnet Gilead i moderne romaner
Authors: Afset Bente
Published: December 2020

Two famous contemporary novelists, the Canadian writer Margaret Atwood and the American writer Marilynne Robinson, both use the biblical name Gilead in their novels. Atwood names the dystopian republic in The Handmaid’s Tale (1985) and The Testament (2019) Gilead, and Robinson uses Gilead both as title for her 2004 novel as well as a name for the little Midwestern town depicted there. Why Gilead? What possible meaning is gained in these modern texts by using this biblical name? To try to answer these questions the article first investigates texts associated with the toponym Gilead in the Hebrew Bible to elucidate possible meaning attached to it there, and secondly the meaning attached to Gilead in the novels. Inspirational for this investigation is the new subject curriculum for KRLE in Fagfornyelsen 2020 where learning outcome is described in very general terms. This means that for instance future Norwegian students’ biblical knowledge may be unequal throughout the country and most likely weaker than at present. Does that matter when it comes to appreciating such novels as the ones discussed here?
Association of Thymolsulfonephthalein and Cresolsulfonephthalein Anions with Cationic Cyanines in Aqueous Solution
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61077 Kharkiv, Ukraine, Shapovalov Serghiy , Kiseliova Yana ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody sq., 61077 Kharkiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2020

The formation of associates between one- or two-charged anions of sulfonephthalein dyes – thymolsulfonephthalein, cresolsulfonephthalein – and cyanine cations (pinacyanol, quinaldine red) has been considered in aqueous solution. Equilibrium association constants have been determined using spectrophotometric data. By semiempirical methods the enthalpy of formation and the eventual structure of ions and associates have been established.