bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Ciência da Informação e os 200 anos da Independência Brasileira
Authors: Cunha Murilo Bastos da
Published: April 2018

O editorial comenta a importância de celebrar o Bicentenário da Independência do Brasil, a ser comemorado em setembro de 2022. Independentemente das atividades que possivelmente serão planejadas em outras áreas, o autor sugere que na Ciência da Informação também devam ser pensadas e executadas ações que ajudem a abrilhantar as comemorações do Bicentenário, a saber: novos conteúdos digitais pela Biblioteca Nacional, criação de bases de dados e análise da situação das bibliotecas, arquivos e museus. Neste segundo número de 2017 foram publicados 11 artigos.
Avaliação de bibliotecas escolares: a qualidade está nos olhos de quem a vê
Authors: Almeida Patrícia
Published: April 2018

Num modelo de gestão estratégica de serviços e sistemas de informação, a avaliação apresenta-se imprescindível para a verificação da qualidade e para a implementação de eventuais ações corretivas. Neste contexto, procura-se aferir a pertinência de um modelo avaliativo único bem como a adequação de um modelo específico. Para tal, realiza-se um estudo de caso de âmbito qualitativo, com caráter descritivo e analítico, sobre o Modelo de Avaliação da Biblioteca Escolar, desenhado pela Rede de Bibliotecas Escolares e utilizado em Portugal. Verifica-se que, embora haja méritos no modelo avaliativo único, o modelo em análise apresenta-se pouco flexível e raramente objetivo. Determina-se que este não se fundamenta consistentemente na opinião dos utilizadores do serviço e que não compromete suficientemente o sistema. Conclui-se, portanto, que o Modelo de Avaliação da Biblioteca Escolar não se revela um instrumento pertinente e adequado para a gestão estratégica das Bibliotecas Escolares.
Mecanismos de busca e as implicações nos aspectos de privacidade
Authors: Affonso Elaine Parra , Monteiro Silvana Drumond , Vidotti Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório , Sant'Ana Ricardo César Gonçalves
Published: April 2018

Os mecanismos de busca utilizam de estratégias para lidar com a sobrecarga de informações e disponibilizar resultados mais eficientes, tal como a busca personalizada, que ao coletar diversos dados dos participantes podem resultar em ameaças à privacidade. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de explicitar questões de privacidade, considerando aspectos de consciência e controle do usuário no processo de coleta de dados por parte dos mecanismos de busca. Realizou-se uma análise exploratória nas políticas de privacidade do Google e Bing para identificar possíveis dados coletados por esses mecanismos. Os dados foram agrupados em categorias e analisados tanto em relação à menção nas políticas quanto à possibilidade de controle do usuário. A menção à coleta de dados especificamente pelos mecanismos é pouca evidenciada, e embora haja possibilidade de controle, é necessário interpretar exaustivas políticas e configurações de privacidade para que o usuário tenha consciência sobre esse processo. Conclui-se que a díade privacidade-benefício pode implicar no controle sobre a coleta de dados, e a busca pela relevância nos resultados se sobrepõe à garantia de privacidade, pois quando usuários controlam suas configurações e limitam a coleta de dados, tornam menos relevantes os resultados, e ao personalizar, abrem portas de acesso a seus dados.
Balanced ScoreCard sua aplicação na identificação de necessidades de informação de usuários
Authors: Caribe Rita De Cássia do Vale
Published: April 2018

Tece reflexões quanto ao potencial de uso do Balanced ScoreCard (BSC) nos estudos de necessidades de informação das organizações. O BSC é uma metodologia de gestão estratégica, que tem como objetivo traduzir a missão, visão de futuro e a estratégia de empresas em um conjunto de objetivos/resultados e medidas de desempenho, que servem de base para um sistema de mensuração e de gestão estratégica, organizados de acordo com quatro perspectivas. As unidades de informação podem adotar o BSC de duas formas: integrando o BSC da organização, neste sentido está inserida na perspectiva de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento/crescimento, pois informação é considerada um ativo intangível, fundamental nas organizações. Por outro lado, as unidades de informação podem ser consideradas unidades de serviços compartilhados (Shared Service Units – SSU), que são unidades internas que prestam serviços à unidade estratégica de negócios (SBU), por este motivo podem ter seu próprio BSC. Em ambos os casos, os serviços e produtos de informação devem estar em sintonia e sincronia com a missão, visão de futuro e resultados previstos para a organização. Assim, as necessidades de informação das organizações são identificadas a partir do mapeamento dos processos organizacionais que integram as perspectivas do BSC, quando são identificados os inputs e os outputs de cada processo, dos quais a informação está sempre presente.
Adapting to climate changes: The challenge for rural farmers in the forest and southern Guinea savanna ecologies of Nigeria
Authors: A. T. Salami D. D. Sedegah S. A. Ajayi
Published: April 2018

Agriculture provides food for the ever growing population, supplies raw material for industrial sector and generates foreign exchange for economies. However, the onset and threat of climate change imposes stresses on rural farming activities given that agricultural activities are largely rain-fed in Nigeria. The research design adopted was the survey method with a population sample of 600 questionnaires and interview guide administered to 10 rural farming communities in Oyo and Osun States located within the forest and southern guinea savanna ecologies of Nigeria. Lack of capital (61.1% in Oyo and 57.2% in Osun) among other constraints such as lack of information, shortage of labour, lack of access to water, and poor health were identified as constraints to climate change adaptation by farmers. More than 80% (88.7% and 82.6%) of farmers acknowledged the climate had changed over the past 5-10 years mainly in terms of decrease in rain and change in its timing. The main implications for climate change are deterioration in quality of life, increased migration, and threats to social cohesion among others. The paper concludes that, the burden of climate change cannot be borne alone by rural farmers and recommends a rural development policy in providing support to rural farmers facing climate risks.
Supervisory Support as Moderator between Work Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions
Authors: Kumar Aneel , Channa Khalil Ahmed , Bhutto Niaz Ahmed
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research is to investigate supervisory support as moderator between work family conflict (WFC) and turnover intentions in banking sector employees, working in Sindh province of Pakistan. Primary data were collected through Likert type survey questionnaire, targeting the 181 employees, working in commercial banks. The findings of this study shows the significant positive effect of work family conflict on turnover intentions of employees. Moreover, supervisory support was found as the significant moderator of the relationship between work family conflict and turnover intentions. The moderating effect of supervisory support significantly reduced the turnover intentions level of employees which they experienced due to work family conflict.
Relationship of Abusive Supervision and Creativity of Academic Staff in Public Sector Universities: Mediating role of Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Asghar Sana , Sultana Sobia
Published: April 2018

The importance of knowledge management enhances the competitive advantage of an organization in today's knowledge-based economy is agreed upon. In this era of globalized economy, knowledge is the main driver for growth. Knowledge promotes creativity is proved in the extant literature which is effected by abusive supervision. In this present study, we examine the process through which abusive supervision affects the creativity of employees. In particular, with the likelihood that abusive supervision is related to creativity of the employees and mediated by knowledge sharing behavior. Thus, the aim of present study is to investigate the effect of abusive supervision on the creativity of academic staff in the public sector universities with the mediating role of knowledge sharing. In order to analyze the relationship among the variables involved in the study, utilized the quantitative research methodology, deductive approach and cross-sectional time horizon .The questionnaire survey technique was adopted to collect the data. A five-point Likert scales with significant measures was used. The targeted population of the present study was the academic staff of three universities (Lahore College for Women University, The University of the Punjab, and Government College University, Lahore). Total 330 employees were selected as a sample through utilizing the proportionate stratified random sampling technique and among them 298 was fit for the analysis. The statistical tool, SPSS and AMOS was utilized to analyze the collected data to obtain the results. The results of the study show that abusive supervision has a negative effect on employee creativity and knowledge sharing of employees whereas; knowledge sharing has significant positive effect on employee creativity. Though, knowledge sharing is partially mediating the relationship between abusive supervision and knowledge sharing.
PENGARUH MODAL KERJA DAN TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP PENDAPATAN USAHAMIKRO KECIL MENENGAH REBANA DI KECAMATAN BUNGAH KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Lestari Ayu Dwi
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this research is to identify the variables that affect the income of craftmen rebana District Bungah Gresik. This researhc used 36 respondent assample, Primer data were used in this research.. This research tested two independent variables, namely capital and labor that affect the dependent variable is income. The purpose of this research is also to find out the effect of working capital, and labor to earnings by using multiple linear regression analysis. The resultsof thr research showed that the variables significantly influence the working capital income, while labor not significant effect on income.
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, LAMA USAHA DAN JUMLAH TENAGA KERJA TERHADAP LABA PADA HOME INDUSTRY TAS DI KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Mahzunah Hidayatul
Published: April 2018

This research aims to influence the capital structure, the old business, and labor to profits at home Gresik bag industry. The population in this study of 120 self-employed home industry bags in Gresik, using Stratifed Proportionate Random Sampling, then obtained 89 samples of self-employed home industry in Gresik type bag. Researchers also tested three independent variables, namely capital structure, long effort and the amount of labor that affect earnings. The purpose of this study the influence of the capital structure, the old business, and labor to profit by using multiple linear regression analysis. These results indicate variable capital structure does not affect the profit and old variable effort and affect the amount of labor.
OPTIMALISASI WAKTU PEKERJAAN PEMBANGUNAN PERUMAHAN GREEN HILL GRESIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PERT DAN CPM
Authors: Masnunah Siti
Published: April 2018

This study aims to know the planning to control the project activities during the implementation phase. The success rate or failure of a project leads to less mature planning and less effective controls, resulting in project delays, increased implementation costs and lower quality. To set the time for completion of the project to be more effective and efficient can use PERT and CPM methods so as to reduce the impact of delays and swelling of implementation costs. The PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) method is a method that aims to reduce as much as possible delays, Production, and coordinate various parts of a job thoroughly and accelerate the completion of the project. While the CPM method is a method of planning and control projects that have cost data in the past. Based on the analysis results show the initial duration of the project with duration of 180 days (6 months) with the total cost of Rp. 73.599253,59. As a result of overtime work system, the duration of its activities to be 164 days with project cost of Rp. 55,089,267.07.
STRATEGI PERMODALAN PEDANGAN PASAR SOPONYONO DI KECAMATAN RUNGKUT KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Fajarwati Eka
Published: April 2018

The market is generally divided into two, namely traditional markets and modern markets. Traditional market is a market that has a simple buying and selling activities, there is a bargain with a means of payment in the form of cash. In addition, the market is not only a place for the community in meeting the daily needs, but also the center of the community's economic drive. Traditional market is an important channel in the distribution process of agribusiness products as big as food product of daily necessities. The competition of traditional markets and modern markets is getting tighter. The government is trying to assist the development of traditional markets in order to compete with modern markets by planning the revitalization and fostering of market management so that not only physical improvements are made but also services and market management mangement. Related to this problem is capital strategy applied by traditional market trader Soponyono in face of tight competition with modern market. This research method is descriptive study by using qualitative approach. Data collection techniques through (1) indepth interview, in-depth interviews until the data obtained is considered sufficient and (2) observation that is observing the learning process undertaken. The process of data analysis using capital strategy theory. The selection of this theory is based on the object of research that is Soponyono Surabaya Market so that it can know more deeply about the capital process of Soponyono market traders related to the problem of competition with modern market Based on the result of research known that capital strategy of traditional traders in facing modern market through banking funding, Private capital and BKM and BMT. Obstacles from the cooperation of management of Taman Remaja Surabaya by City Government
DEDIKASI GURU DITINJAU DARI PSYCHOLOGYCAL WELL-BEING
Authors: Sulistiana Sulistiana
Published: April 2018

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat psychological well-being terhadap tingkat dedikasi guru SMAN “X” di Gresik.Tipe penelitian korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian adalah berjumlah 62 guru SMAN Xdi Gresik. yang digunakan adalah seluruh GuruSMAN “X” sejumlah 62 orang.Kedua variabel diukur dengan skala likert.Koefisien reliabilitasskalapsychological well-being sebesar 0,888. Koefisien reliabilitas skala dedikasi guru sebesar 0,781. Data penelitian diolah dengan teknik regresi sederhana. Nilai F = 60.658 mengindikasikan persamaam garis regresi y = 25.023 + 357xadalah secara statistik signifikan. Nilai t hitung =7.788, dengan nilai p = 0,00< 0,05, sehinggaHo ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal itu berarti psychological well-beingberpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap dedikasi guru.Nilai R Square sebesar 0,503 menginformasikan bahwa sumbangan tingkat psychological well-being terhadap tingkat dedikasi guru sebesar 50,3%, sedangkan sisanya 49,7% dipengaruhi variabel lain yang tidak diteliti.
THE DIFFICULTIES OF EFL TEACHERS IN USING DIALOGUE JOURNAL IN TEACHING WRITING
Authors: Hamidah Alfi
Published: April 2018

This study is aimed to identify the difficulties faced by EFL teachers  in  teaching  writing process using dialogue journal at 7 th grade of SMP N 1 Kembangbahu Lamongan and to describe how the teachers solve their teaching writing process problems using dialogue journal.Keywords: A Dialogue Journal, Teaching Writing
Three Dimension Movie for the Students Ability in Narrative Writing
Authors: Faridah Fita
Published: April 2018

This present study is conducted in order to improve the students’ writing narrative text by  using Three  Dimension  Movie.  It  has  several  steps  the  first  is  Pre-writing  In  this  phase  the  teacher combined  with  writing  process  included:  planning  and  drafting.  The  second  is  Whilst-  writing activities, in this phase the teacher combined with writing process include: revising and editing and  the  third  is  Post-writing  activities,  post-writing  tasks  allow  for  reflection,  sharing,  or publishing of the final product. This study employed Classroom Action Research (CAR) as the research  design.  The  procedure  of  the  research  involved  four  stages:  planning  the  action, implementing, observing, and reflecting. Using three dimension movie is intended the students deep understood the story of movie.Keywords: writing narrative text, three demension movie, and classroom action research
Gesture Matematis Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Fungsi
Authors: Elvierayani Rivatul Ridho
Published: April 2018

Segala tindakan spontan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika merupakan gesture.  Penelitian  terhadap  tiga  kelompok  siswa  yangmana  setiap  kelompok  terdiri dari  dua  siswa  semuanya  menggunakan  gesture  berdasarkan  klasifikasi  McNeill. Gesture yang dilakukan sebanyak 53 gesture, diantaranya terdiri dari 13 gesture ikonik, 9  gesture  metaforik  dan  31  gesture  deiktik.  Gesture  ikonik,  metaforik  dan  deiktik ditemui  dalam  tiga  cara  baik  itu  disertai  ucapan  maupun  tidak  disertai  ucapan. Pertama  siswa  menggunakan  gesture  ikonik,  metaforik  dan  deiktik  di  atas  kertas, kedua  dilakukan  diatas  meja  dan  ketiga  dilakukan  di  udara.  Sesuai  dengan  hipotesis McNeill  bahwa  gesture  matematis  siswa  memiliki  gerakan-gerakan  khusus  untuk menjelaskan  istilah-  istilah  matematika,  dan  gerakan  ini  menyerupai  gerakan  isyarat namun tidak semuanya mengacu pada gerakan isyarat.Keywords: pemecahan masalah, gesture, gesture ikonik, gesture metaforik, gesture deiktik.
Acute liver failure
Authors: Bunchorntavakul Chalermrat
Published: April 2018

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life threatening condition defined by the evidence of hepatic injury, jaundice, coagulopathy, and encephalopathy in a patient without preexisting cirrhosis and with an illness duration of <26 weeks. The etiologies of ALF are heterogeneous: viral hepatitis being the most common in the East, whereas drug-induced, particularly acetaminophen, being the most common in the West. Over the past decades, the outcomes of ALF have been improving with early recognition and prompt initiation of etiology-specific therapy (especially N-acetylcysteine), complex intensive care protocols and urgent liver transplantation (LT). The most commonly used prognostic scoring systems include King’s College Criteria (more specific) and MELD (more sensitive). Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are reasons for high morbidity and mortality in the early phase; hypertonic saline is suggested for patients with high-risk for developing intracranial hypertension (ICH) and when ICH develops, mannitol is recommended as first-line therapy. Bacterial and fungal infections are very common necessitating strict preventive measures, careful surveillance and prompt aggressive antimicrobial therapy. Acute kidney injury develops in 50-70% of patients; mostly reversible in survivors and temporary dialysis is required in about 30% of cases. Overall 1-year survival after LT has been reported to be lower in patients with ALF as compared to those with cirrhosis; however following the first year this trend has been to be reversed and ALF patients have a better long-term survival. Extracorporeal liver support system, such as albumin dialysis and plasmapheresis, may serve as a bridge to LT and may increase LT-free survival in select cases.
Sistem Informasi Manajemen Ruang (Simeru) Kelas (Studi Kasus: FKTI Universitas Mulawarman)
Authors: Khairina Dyna Marisa , Maharani Septya , Hatta Heliza Rahmania
Published: April 2018

Manajemen ruang kelas yang baik tentunya berdampak pada kelancaran proses belajar mengajar.  Proses pembelajaran terkadang dapat terhambat ketika terjadi jam perkuliahan yang kosong atau adanya pergantian waktu kuliah diluar jadwal yang ada. Kondisi ini membuat pengelolaan ruang kelas menjadi bertabrakan sehingga pemakaian ruang kelas menjadi tidak terakomodir. Sistem informasi manajemen ruang (simeru) kelas dapat menjadi solusi untuk pengaturan penggunaan ruang kelas sehingga dapat mengakomodir dan meminimalisir adanya jadwal kuliah yang bertabrakan. Sistem ini bekerja dengan fungsi dapat mengelola penggunaan ruang kelas dengan model pemesanan/reservasi ruang disertai dengan waktu dan tempat sehingga menghindari terjadinya jadwal yang berjalan diwaktu dan tempat yang sama.
IMPLIKASI YURIDIS TERHADAP ISTRI DAN ANAK DARI PERKAWINAN KEDUA/KETIGA/KEEMPAT PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL YANG TIDAK DICATATKAN DITINJAU DARI UU NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 DAN PP NOMOR 45 TAHUN 1990 PERUBAHAN ATAS PP NOMOR 10 TAHUN 1983
Authors: Setyoningrum Novita
Published: April 2018

Perkawinan merupakan peristiwa penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Dimana perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir dan batin antara seorang pria dan seorang wanita untuk menjadi suami istri yang bertujuan membentuk keluarga bahagia kekal abadi berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Tidak terkecuali Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Pada dasarnya azas perkawinan di Indonesia adalah azas monogami. Meskipun poligami tidak dilarang selama memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan yang berlaku sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974. Khusus PNS ada aturan tersendiri mengenai poligami yang diatur dalam PP Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 juncto PP Nomor 10 Tahun 1983. Yang mana PNS (Pria) yang berkeinginan beristri lebih dari satu orang harus mendapatkan izin dari Pejabat. Dan jika dalam jangka satu (1) tahun perkawinan yang kedua/ketiga/keempat tersebut tidak dilaporkan akan mendapatkan sanksi. Sanksi untuk pelanggaran PNS telah diatur dalam PP Nomor 53 Tahun 2010 juncto PP Nomor 30 Tahun 1980. Karena dianggap sulit dan berbelit pada akhirnya banyak PNS yang melakukan perkawinan poligami secara siri/tidak dicatatkan. Dari sinilah akan timbul implikasi hukum terhadap istri dan anak dari perkawinan poligami yang tidak dicatatkan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Penelitian yuridis normatif adalah penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti sumber pustaka dan pada data sekunder saja.[1] Yang berupa norma hukum tertulis. Metode ini sangat berkaitan dengan pendekatan masalah, spesifikasi penelitian dan jenis bahan hukum yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis dimana dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih detail mengenai suatu gejala atau fenomena.Harapan yang ingin disampaikan peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah PNS pria yang akan melakukan perkawinan poligami hendaknya dilakukan sesuai aturan dan ketentuan yang berlaku berdasarkan PP Nomor 45 Tahun 1990 juncto PP Nomor 10 Tahun 1983. Agar peningkatan perkawinan poligami PNS Pria yang tidak dicatatkan, dapat ditekan jumlahnya. Dimana dalam perkawinan tersebut kedudukan istri dan anak menjadi tidak jelas dan tidak mendapatkan perlindungan secara hukum dari Negara. Kata Kunci:  Kedudukan Istri dan Anak, Perkawinan Poligami, PNS (Pria), Yang tidak dicatatkan.
A törtfogalom fejlődésének segítése az alsó és a felső tagozat határán
Authors: Karika Tímea , Csíkos Csaba
Published: April 2018

A tanulmány a törtfogalom fejlődésének segítéséről szól. Megoldandó probléma, hogy az alsó tagozat végére, 4. osztályban a tanulók jellemzően egyféle törtértelmezéssel találkoznak: egységtörtek és ezek többszörösei kerülnek elő, általában többféle manipulatív és képi szemléltetés mellett. Ehhez képest 5. osztályos kortól a törtek a racionális számok halmazának képviselőiként kerülnek elő, két egész szám hányadosaként. Ahhoz, hogy az alsó tagozaton kialakult törtfogalom megfelelően segítse a felső tagozatos tanulmányokat, szükségesnek látjuk a C. Neményi Eszter által „második értelmezésnek” nevezett törtértelmezés hangsúlyosabb megjelenését. A törtfogalom második értelmezése azt jelenti, hogy valamely egység többszöröseinek valahányad részeként tekintünk az egységtörtek többszöröseire. Javaslatunkat tankönyvrészletek elemzésével és a nemzetközi szakirodalomban megjelent kutatási eredményekkel támasztjuk alá.
Lingua E Mistificazione
Authors: Burtocci Gianni
Published: April 2018

A me, debbo dirlo chiaro e tondo, l'italiano di certi improvvisati docenti da un fastidio d'inferno. 11 loro e un italiano piatto, intonato sulla falsariga dell'inglese, scarnificato, ridotto all'osso; un italiano affetto da anemia perniciosa. Nel rniglior dei casi, privo di sinonimi, di frasi idiomatiche e vivaci locuzioni avverbiali, detto italiano e rigido come un matterello o un battaglio di campana. Si puo senz'altro sorridere indulgenti a certe espressioni di umili emigranti come "Battetiubbe" (bathtub), "fornitura" (furniture), "insuranza" (insurance) , "parcare" (to park), "smartone" (smart) etc. ed alla totale assenza del congiuntivo, ma jl sorriso si raggela subito non appena si scopre che questo fior di lingua, questo gioiello lessicale e sintattico appartiene anche a certi mistificatori, i quali, e par la dabbenaggine e l'ignoranza del prossimo, sdottoreggiano a spron battuto da cattedre e da pulpiti.
Literature or Language? French at the Undergraduate Level
Authors: O’Neill Mariel
Published: April 2018

When a student first enters a University level French class, he has behind him an average of five years of language training, and has read at least a few brief literary works. He is now on the threshold of what he has been told will be a completely new adventure—and unfortunately, he is sometimes disappointed. He is put through the same kinds of drills which have become all too familiar, presented with yet another grammar review and given some opportunity to converse in French, all of which he needs but fails to appreciate as this kind of course lacks the intellectual stimulation he is seeking. Naturally every University offers courses which are strictly literary, but these are not necessarily open to First Year students and in some universities, students who choose a literature course in First Year must do a language course as well.
Dusseldorf Seminar 1970
Authors: Huggett W. A.
Published: April 2018

“Wir haben heute als Gäste kanadische Lehrer!” “Today we have Canadian teachers as our guests.” The classroom teacher was speaking and the scene was the Realschule Wersten in Diisseldorf, Germany, during July, where twenty-one Canadian teachers of German were visiting German schools as guests of the Department of Cultural Affairs (equivalent to the Department of Education) of the Province of North Rhine-Westphalia. The Seminar, sponsored by Goethe House, Toronto, provided a two week summer course in Düsseldorf from July 2 to July 17. The teachers visited German schools, participated in excursions, visited the theatre and attended lectures. It was a busy schedule, but it was enjoyed by all. In addition to affording an opportunity to meet German teachers, the Seminar made it possible for teachers of German from across Canada to meet and to become acquainted.
Looking for a Better Text?
Authors: Thornton Gordon P.
Published: April 2018

“Rieu n’est parfait!” says le Renard in “Le Petit Prince”. Not even textbooks, say we all. But if at this season of the year you are setting forth on the quest for a better German text, have a very close look at “Sprich mal Deutsch!” by W. Rowlinson, Lecturer in Education at Sheffield University, and published in three books by the Oxford University Press. You may be pleasantly surprised to find the text that comes closest yet to perfection.
L’Enrichissement dans la première Année de français
Authors: Mischenko Mme Nicole
Published: April 2018

Le problème: Comment enrichir un programme tout en respectant ses limites? Plan: Entre enseigner un programme, en le suivant a la lettre, et l'enrichir il y a toute une marge de procèdes et de techniques qui comprend (a) l'enseignement préventif, (b) la reprise des structures de base, (c) et enfin l'enrichissement. Définition de l'enrichissement: L'enseignement préventif et surtout la reprise des structures déjà enseignées soot a la base de tout enrichissement et en sont la fondation même. Ceci mené a ma définition de l'enrichissement qui n'est pas, qui ne consiste pas a une addition d'un certain nombre de nouveaux mots de vocabulaire, ni même d'une certaine liste de nouvelles structures. L'enrichissement est une certaine manipulation des structures, une certaine dextérité avec les structures déjà enseignées et une adaptation des structures déjà enseignées a de nouvelles situations.
A Balanced Approach to Oral Testing
Authors: Meloche A. L.
Published: April 2018

The following text is taken from a paper presented to the Ontario Modern Language Teachers’ Fall Conference in Ottawa, October 1971. In Ontario no discussion of oral testing is complete without some mention of the Department of Education’s Grade 1 3 Oral Testing Kit for French in 1966. This is where this speaker would like to begin, in order to show the logical development of thought which led some teachers in Ottawa a few years ago to begin group oral testing on structures.
A Brief Glimpse of Mennonite Literature in Canada
Authors: Peters Elizabeth
Published: April 2018

In order to consider the cultural contribution of Mennonite literature to the Canadian literary mosaic, a preliminary view of the history, background and characteristics of the Mennonite ethnic group is essential. The term "Mennonites" originated during the Reformation period, and applies to a faction of the groups who considered the Reformation movement of Luther and Zwingli as incomplete. They established adult baptism, nonviolence, abstinence from military occupations, etc., as tenets of their faith. The name "Mennonites" came into use for the followers of Menno Simons, a former Catholic priest from Friesland, who was forced to leave the low countries and flee to Germany during Alba's counter-reformation, together with many who shared his faith. Having come from the low countries, they were proficient dyke-builders and settled in the Danzig area of Prussia and along the marshes of the Yistula and Nogat rivers. They were sober, quiet, industrious people, chiefly agrarian in their pursuits, although in earlier times many had been otherwise employed.
Grade 12: A New Approach
Authors: Howlett F. G.
Published: April 2018

Foreign language learning may be considered to have two fundamental goals: (a) the acquisition of linguistic skills, (b) knowledge of, and attitudes towards, the target culture. Nearly all foreign language teachers feel that the latter goal is an important one, that foreign language study plays a vital role in achieving the basic aim of a liberal education: a liberation of the mind from ignorance and its companion, prejudice, curing the students from xenophobia, ethnocentrism, chauvinism and other forms of provincialism, making them more sympathetic, open-minded, tolerant, peace-loving, and so forth. Statements like the following are by no means rare: "We firmly believe that foreign language study can and should be one of the really humanizing influences in ... education, and that it provides a unique key to the understanding and appreciation of other cultures."
Le parler de l’étudiant en classe de lecture en français langue étrangère: Une approche discursive
Authors: Faria Coracini Maria José Rodrigues
Published: April 2018

This paper intends to present the partial results of research in classroom interaction in courses of reading a foreign language (French) for special purposes in a Brazilian context. Students' talk will be analysed as a dependent and heterogeneous speech. Forty hours of class have been tape-recorded and notes have been taken by the researcher. Laconic and simple students' responses suggest an internalized representation of teacher and student roles, their mutual relations, their previous experiences in FL learning and finally their conceptions of reading in the foreign language. Moreover, we cannot forget that students' behaviour results basically from the historicity they are unconsciously involved.
Évolution de l’interlangue chez les élèves de la 1re à la 6e année en immersion française
Authors: Duchesne Hermann
Published: April 2018

Considering the renewed interest in introducing some creative form of teaching the structures of French in Immersion classes, the language production skills of a sample of students from grades 1 to 6 were analysed in order to better understand their general evolution and to identify the lexical and syntaxic structures that could benefit from strategic teaching that would be most economical in terms of times and energy. The results indicate a rapid growth of oral competencies in the first three years of acquisition, followed by a much slower rate of progress from year to year. It is also found that the structures most difficult to acquire tend to evolve in five recognizable patterns, although they can be influenced by many psychological, educational, socio-cultural, and situational factors. Finally, the pedagogical implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
French with a Little Help from Their Friends: Learning Together in Australian Late Immersion Programs
Authors: de Courcy Michèle
Published: April 2018

A study was conducted in 1991 to investigate the processes that underlie the acquisition of French by students in a late immersion context in Queensland, Australia. Three interesting features of the outcome of the students’ learning processes will be presented in this paper – the cooperative learning situation which developed, the “dialect” of this immersion school, and the students’ patterns of socialisation. An ethnographic style of data collection was used, covering seven months of the school year. One immersion school with students in Years 8, 9, 10, and another with students in Year 8 were involved in the study. Analysis of the data revealed that the students’ acquisition of the target language was a many-faceted process. In particular, the cooperative learning which develops because of the particular classroom and social situation may be a key part of this process.
Language as a Reflection of Culture: From Literal Meaning to Conceptual Awareness
Authors: Rogers Carmen Villegas
Published: April 2018

This article illustrates one approach to presenting language as a reflection of culture, taking as a topic the marked tendency in French to use negative terms to express positive concepts. Negation in French becomes a fertile source of pedagogical activities since it allows reflection upon at least three points to help students go beyond the mere grammatical context: first, a rich repertoire of negative elements not found in other languages; second, a preference in French toward the use of negative constructions in situations where the same ideas could be expressed in the affirmative ("Ce n'est pas mal"); and third, a look at negative traits commonly attributed to the French (a sense of distrust). As students become more aware of these phenomena, they will be in a position to begin to search for more subtle insights into the values, attitudes, and lifestyles of the target language group.
A National Survey: French Immersion Teachers' Preparation and Their Professional Development Needs
Authors: Day Elaine , Shapson Stan
Published: April 2018

This article discusses the findings of a national survey of the professional development needs of French immersion teachers. The survey, funded by the Secretary of State, Canada, and commissioned by the Canadian Association of Immersion Teachers, was designed to gather descriptive information on the pre- and inservice education of French immersion teachers and to determine their future professional development needs. It was conducted in spring, 1992 in over 650 schools in all provinces and territories of Canada. A sample of 2000 French immersion teachers, representing 17% of the estimated population of immersion teachers in Canada, was randomly chosen to participate. Conclusions of the survey are discussed in relation to the research literature on professional development, and recommendations are made to heighten the Association’s role as an advocate for the unique professional development needs of French immersion teachers.
La formation du professeur d’immersion française: une perspective historique
Authors: Obadia André A.
Published: April 2018

La formation des professeurs d’immersion devient depuis quelque temps le centre de préoccupation de nornbreux chercheurs et de nombreux éducateurs. Cette perspective historique des programmes de formation des professeurs d’immersion au Canada montre qu’après une certaine période d’hésitations et d’incertitude, les facultés d’éducation semblent mieux répondre aujourd’hui aux besoins des professeurs d’immersion, que ce soit clans le domaine de la formation initiale ou clans celui de la formation continue. Le domaine de l’enseignement immersif est en constante évolution et les enseignants en exercice désirent toujours améliorer leur enseignement. Il faudrait rester à l’écoute et continuer d’essayer de satisfaire à ces demandes.
Language documentation centres in Canada: A survey and future directions
Authors: Cumming Alister , Weinrib Alice , Paulauskas Stephanie , Hart Doug
Published: April 2018

This article reports results of a comprehensive survey undertaken to identify language documentation centres at Canadian universities, to describe their chief characteristics and functions, and to assess the feasibility of linking several of them electronically to provide greater access to users throughout the country and internationally. After initially identifying 31 centres in all regions of the country, we gathered detailed information from 15 centres fulfilling extensive roles related to language education, then we held follow-up telephone interviews with representatives of five of these centres in different regions of the country. Findings indicate similarities in the administration of these 15 language documentation centres and the types of people using them but differences in their purposes and scopes, the materials they contain, their funding sources, and their cataloguing systems. Interviewees noted various possible benefits and constraints with respect to the prospect of linking the centres electronically.
Stratégies pédagogiques et représentation de la langue dans l'enseignement des sciences en immersion française
Authors: Laplante Bernard
Published: April 2018

Cet article illustre comment les stratégies pédagogiques observées dans les classes de deux enseignantes de première année en immersion sont orientées par les différents aspects de leur représentation de la langue. La mise en oeuvre de ces stratégies leur permet d'amener les élèves à participer à des activités d'apprentissage où la langue est utilisée conformément à la représentation qu'elles s'en font. En participant à de telles activité, les élèves développent un savoir langagier qui correspond à la représentation que ces enseignantes se font de ce savoir. Ces activités se calquent sur le genre d'activités que ces enseignantes se représentent comme étant favorable au développement du savoir langagier des élèves, et ce, compte tenu de leur représentation de ces derniers en tant qu'apprenants d'une langue seconde.
A Study of the Attitudes and Motivation of High School Foreign Language Students
Authors: Dodick David J.
Published: April 2018

In this article, I review the literature on attitudes and motivation in second language (L2) learning and describe a teacher-as-researcher project that I undertook while student teaching in Rochester, New York in 1993. My goal was to determine why native-born American students in my class were less motivated and less successful at learning French than non-native-born students. Over a period of nine weeks, I made observations and conducted interviews with foreign language students and teachers at a local high school.

The data revealed that there were key differences in societal attitudes towards foreign languages which were due, in part, to cultural awareness. The data suggested that native-born American students' lack of exposure to foreign languages and cultures through vehicles such as the media was a factor in their relatively low level of motivation. On the other hand, non-native-born students' motivation developed at a younger age in their native countries, usually from greater exposure to a second language or culture.

The implication of this for foreign language teachers in countries with minimal use of an L2 is that they must develop a curriculum that places more emphasis on the cultural elements of language learning. I outline specific strategies for increasing students' motivation through greater cultural awareness.
Interrelations entre la mise en texte, la révision et le traitement de texte chez quatre scripteurs en langue seconde
Authors: Bisaillon Jocelyne
Published: April 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche dont le but était de décrire le comportement scriptural de quatre apprenants avancés en français langue seconde alors qu'ils rédigeaient avec le traitement de texte. Il en ressort que les scripteurs passent significativement plus de temps à corriger le texte déjà écrit qu'à mettre en mots leurs idées. Les mises en texte sont très courtes (4.10 mots) et les corrections se font surtout au niveau du mot. La non-maîtrise du traitement de texte est la cause de plus de la moitié des retours sur le texte, suivie de loin par les éléments de contenu. Des suggestions pédagogiques pour que le traitement de texte puisse être plus rentable au niveau de l'apprentissage de l'écrit en langue seconde ont ensuite été formulées.
Repetition in the Collaborative Discourse of L2 Learners: A Vygotskian Perspective
Authors: DiCamilla Frederick J. , Anton Marta
Published: April 2018

This study investigates the role of repetition in the discourse of students of Spanish as a second language working on a writing assignment in collaborative dyads. Data were taken from audio tapes of the dyads' collaborative sessions. The occurrences of repetition (of self or of the other member of the dyad) were analyzed from the theoretical perspective based on the work of L.S. Vygotsky (1978, 1986), which argues that 'sociocultural and mental activity are bound together in a dependent, symbolically mediated, relationship' (Lantolf & Pavlenko, 1995). This study shows that the sociocultural and mental activity of our subjects is mediated by the repetition of both Ll and L2 utterances, the effect of which is to create and maintain a shared perspective of the task (i.e., intersubjectivity) and to construct scaffolded help, which enables them to complete their tasks.
Le Français des affaires: Problèmes et perspectives
Authors: Lepetit Daniel
Published: April 2018

Pour enrayer la baisse des effectifs, les départements de français et de langues modernes ont créé, avec succès, des sections de français des affaires. Cette création implique des choix d'ordre pédagogique et d'ordre administratit qui ne sont pas sans modifier la structure des départements. Les réponses qui ont été enregistrées dans deux universités constitueront l'objet de notre propos. Les difficultés que la création de tels programmes entraînent et notamment les implications relatives à la titularisation et au statut du personnel chargé de cet enseignement seront évoquees. En effet, une étude bibliographique montre qu'il existe des limitations certaines, du point de vue de la recherche, dues à la nature spécifique du domaine étudié.
The Role of Human Response in the Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Authors: Schweitzer Don
Published: April 2018

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This article argues that as a saturated phenomenon, Jesus's resurrection has objective dimensions, but people also have a role to play in it, and in the present, part of that role can be described as taking the crucified people down from the cross. I begin by examining some recent discussions of Jesus's resurrection that understand it as an eschatological event in which people have a role to play. I then examine 1 Timothy 3:16 and other resurrection traditions to show that the resurrection is understood in the New Testament as an objective event that remains incomplete without peoples' participation in it. Augustine will then be shown to have continued this way of understanding the resurrection of Jesus with his notion of the “whole Christ.” The arguments of Ignacio Ellacuría and Jon Sobrino will be used to show that a significant part of this role in the present and foreseeable future consists in working to take the crucified people down from the cross. Finally, the notion that God's goodness is inherently self-diffusive will be used to help explain how Jesus's resurrection can be at once objectively real and yet still incomplete without people's participation in it.
Cycles Generated by the Consumer Durables Sector
Authors: Mihályi Péter , Zlatniczki Ádám , Telcs András
Published: April 2018

We conjecture that in highly developed economies business cycles show positive feedback mechanism in which the households amplify the crises by refraining to replace old durable goods to new ones. On the one hand, families do not suffer much if they stop buying new consumer durables, such as automobiles, the example we use in this paper, because it is perfectly rational for them to continue to drive their "old" vehicle for quite a while without much welfare loss. On the other hand, families drawing salary from the given sector do suffer from the decline of the demand and if the crisis is deep and the sector has strong influence on the entire economy, all households are effected at the end of the day. In the framework of a two-sector economy agent-based model, we illustrate our thesis with the fluctuations in US car sales in the period 2006-2014. Subsequently we use an agent-based simulation and show that our conjectures do hold if applied to real-life statistical data.
The Schema of the West and the Apparatus of Capture: Variations on Deleuze and Guattari
Authors: Walker Gavin
Published: April 2018

Deleuze and Guattari's work opens theoretical and political possibilities for us by demonstrating that the boundary between ‘the West’ and the ‘non-West’ is itself a historically unstable epistemological inscription on the surface of the earth, but one that nevertheless retraces itself over and over again. They show us that our political possibilities exist precisely in the ‘non-West’, so long as we understand this term not in the sense of an existing supposedly ‘non-Western’ territory or ‘substance’, but rather as a ‘line of flight’ beyond the nation-state, the form in which the ‘original division’ and creation of the social relation called ‘the West’ continues to (re)produce itself. They thus demonstrate that the way out of the Eurocentric epistemological order lies precisely in clarifying how ‘the West’ was created as an effect of the capitalist axiomatic and maintained by the repetition of this paradoxical ‘commencement’ in the form of the ‘anthropological difference’, congealed into the modern nation-state. In the pursuit of this moment, we will investigate the question of how the social surface is territorialised and enclosed for capitalist accumulation, how the purely heterogeneous topology of the social comes to be inscribed with the traces of the apparatus of capture.