bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐Mediated Organic Neurohybrid Synapses
Authors: Lobosco Antonio , Lubrano Claudia , Rana Daniela , Montes Viviana Rincon , Musall Simon , Offenhäusser Andreas , Santoro Francesca
Published: October 2024

The development of organic artificial synapses that exhibit biomimicry features also may enable a more seamless integration of neuroelectronic devices in the nervous system, allowing artificial neuromodulation to be perceived as natural behavior by neuronal cells. Nevertheless, the capability to interact with both electroactive and non‐electroactive neurotransmitters remains a challenge since state‐of‐the‐art devices mainly rely on the oxidation of electroactive species. Here, the study proposes an organic artificial synapse engineered to enable interaction with non‐electroactive species present in the central nervous system. By integrating a conductive polymeric film functionalized with platinum nanoparticles, the device can catalyze the oxidation of electroactive molecules (i.e., H2O2) resulting from neurotransmitter‐specific enzymatic reactions following an enzymatic functionalization, therefore exhibiting neuromorphic functions driven by non‐electroactive neurotransmitters. The creation of devices that can interact with or monitor these neurotransmitters can be seen as a significant step toward innovative technologies to expand the understanding of the mechanisms underlying neurological disorders and the development of novel, more effective treatments for them.
Light‐Operated Diverse Logic Gates Enabled by Modulating Time‐Dependent Fluorescence of Dissipative Self‐Assemblies
Authors: Wei Jia‐Hao , Xing Junfei , Hou Xiao‐Fang , Chen Xu‐Man , Li Quan
Published: October 2024

Light‐fueled dissipative self‐assembly possesses enormous potential in the field of optical information due to controllable time‐dependent optical signals, but remains a great challenge for constructing intelligent light‐operated logic circuits due to the limited availability of optical signal inputs and outputs. Herein, a series of light‐fueled dissipative self‐assembly systems with variable optical signals are reported to realize diverse logic gates by modulating time‐dependent fluorescence variations of the loaded fluorophores. Three kinds of alkyl trimethylammonium homologs are employed to co‐assemble with a merocyanine‐based photoinduced amphiphile separately to construct a series of dissipative self‐assemblies, showing unexpectedly different fluorescence control behaviors of loaded fluorophores during light irradiation and thermal relaxation processes. The opposite monotonicity of time‐dependent emission intensity is achieved just by changing the excitation wavelength. Furthermore, by varying the types of trimethylammoniums and excitation wavelengths, a robust logic system is accomplished, integrating AND, XNOR, and XOR functions, which provides an effective pathway for advancing information transmission applications.
Xanthate‐Mediated Oxidation of Li2S as the Lithium‐Containing Cathode in Lithium−Sulfur Batteries with Extremely Low Overpotential
Authors: Wu Jialing , Ye Hualin , Hu Yongpan , Huang Wei , Zhu Xinxin , Chang Wanwan , Li Ya , Pan Baojun , Li Yanguang , Lu Jun
Published: October 2024

Lithium−sulfide (Li2S) has long been pursued as a lithium‐containing cathode material for high‐energy‐density lithium‐sulfur (Li−S) batteries. Unfortunately, its direct oxidation generally has a large overpotential, giving rise to low energy efficiency. The use of redox mediators to accelerate the conversion of solid Li2S to polysulfides represents a possible solution to lower the initial oxidation overpotential. However, most reported redox mediators exhibit significantly higher redox potentials than the desirable value. Herein, it is serendipitously found that lithium ethyl xanthate (LiEX) formed from the reaction among Li2S, ethanol, and CS2 at room temperature is an efficient redox mediator. It has a redox potential (≈2.3 V vs Li+/Li) close to the electrochemical oxidation potential of Li2S (2.25 V vs Li+/Li), which enables fast Li2S oxidation reaction kinetics, and more importantly, lowers the Li2S oxidation potential from ≈3.6 to ≈2.3 V. When further integrated with an Ni–NC catalyst in a tandem catalysis scheme, a remarkable specific capacity of ≈1100 mAh g−1 at 0.2 mA cm−2 and long cycle life of 1400 cycles with ∼73% capacity retention is achieved, outperforming those of other Li2S‐based cathode materials from recent literature.
Inspiration from Visual Ecology for Advancing Multifunctional Robotic Vision Systems: Bio‐inspired Electronic Eyes and Neuromorphic Image Sensors
Authors: Choi Changsoon , Lee Gil Ju , Chang Sehui , Song Young Min , Kim Dae‐Hyeong
Published: October 2024

In robotics, particularly for autonomous navigation and human–robot collaboration, the significance of unconventional imaging techniques and efficient data processing capabilities is paramount. The unstructured environments encountered by robots, coupled with complex missions assigned to them, present numerous challenges necessitating diverse visual functionalities, and consequently, the development of multifunctional robotic vision systems has become indispensable. Meanwhile, rich diversity inherent in animal vision systems, honed over evolutionary epochs to meet their survival demands across varied habitats, serves as a profound source of inspirations. Here, recent advancements in multifunctional robotic vision systems drawing inspiration from natural ocular structures and their visual perception mechanisms are delineated. First, unique imaging functionalities of natural eyes across terrestrial, aerial, and aquatic habitats and visual signal processing mechanism of humans are explored. Then, designs and functionalities of bio‐inspired electronic eyes are explored, engineered to mimic key components and underlying optical principles of natural eyes. Furthermore, neuromorphic image sensors are discussed, emulating functional properties of synapses, neurons, and retinas and thereby enhancing accuracy and efficiency of robotic vision tasks. Next, integration examples of electronic eyes with mobile robotic/biological systems are introduced. Finally, a forward‐looking outlook on the development of bio‐inspired electronic eyes and neuromorphic image sensors is provided.
High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells Based on Multifunctional Additives of Crown‐Ether‐Iodine Supra‐Molecules
Authors: Gui Junjie , Wang Yunpeng , Li Qingyu , Chen Qianyu , Wang Lidan , Xu Yunpeng , Yao Guangping , Fan Liangbiao , Du Ke‐Zhao , Sa Rongjian , Su Zisheng , Xiao Yaoming
Published: October 2024

The efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are influenced by various factors, such as controlling the migration of iodide anion (I−) and lithium cation (Li+), oxidizing the hole‐transport material of 2,2′,7,7′‐tetras(N,N‐p‐methoxyaniline)‐9,9′‐spirodifluorene (Spiro), and passivating the perovskite film. Herein, three multifunctional crown‐ether‐iodine (crown‐ether‐I2) supra‐molecules are investigated as activities in the hole transport layers (HTLs). Results indicate that the crown‐ether‐I2 can slowly release I2 to gently oxidize Spiro, and significantly improve the efficiency of PSCs. Moreover, the crown‐ether can contribute to stabilizing Li+ in HTL and passivating the defect sites on the upper interface of the perovskite layer, which can enhance the long‐term stability of PSCs. Furthermore, crown‐ether‐I2 can absorb I− to produce crown‐ether‐I3−, which can discharge I− to promote the self‐healing of I− defects and inhibit the migration of I− in the perovskite film, thereby further enhancing PSC's long‐term stability. PSC based on Dbenzo‐24‐Crown‐8‐Ether‐Iodine (DB24C8‐I2) achieves an impressive efficiency of 24.29%, which is much higher than that of the control device (22.28%). Additionally, the stability of the un‐encapsulated PSC with DB24C8‐I2 is significantly enhanced, while maintaining 96.9% of its original efficiency after 2000 h. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the efficiency and long‐term stability of PSCs.
Ultra‐Low BER Encrypted Communication Based on Self‐Powered Bipolar Photoresponse Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Xu Hangjie , Weng Yunxiang , Chen Kai , Wu Chao , Hu Haizheng , Guo Daoyou
Published: October 2024

Underwater visible light communication often faces risks such as susceptibility to external light source interference, signal distortion, and information leakage. The cuprous oxide modified gallium oxide nanorod arrays detector prepared in this study can generate bipolar photocurrents under dual‐wavelength ultraviolet light without external bias voltage. Based on it, the constructed self‐powered ultraviolet ASCII code communication system not only reduce power consumption but also significantly enhance anti‐interference capability. Furthermore, the developed solar‐blind ultraviolet AMI and HDB3 ternary code communication systems can realize non‐visible light secure communication and automatic error correction. Notably, the encrypted communication system assembled using the additive property of bipolar photocurrents can also significantly improve communication security and reliability, whose bit error rate is only 0.26‰. This achievement contributes to technical advancements in underwater channel encryption and provides valuable insights for the further application of encrypted communication coding techniques.
Synthesis of CF3CH2‐Amides/Propiolamides/Acrylamides: The TfOH Catalyzed Reactions of Nitrile Compounds with CF3CHN2
Authors: Devi Soni , Kumar Madan , Lamba Manisha , Goswami Avijit
Published: October 2024

An efficient and operationally simple protocol to access N‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroethyl)amides/propiolamides and acrylamides via direct conversion of easily accessible nitriles (aryl/alkyl/alkynyl/vinyl) and in situ generated CF3CHN2 as trifluoroethylating reagent has been developed. The protocol offers broad functional group tolerance under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the conversion of trifluoroethylated propiolamide into its triazole analog via Ru‐catalyzed [3+2] cycloadditions using BnN3 clearly indicates its versatility in the synthetic applications.
Seawater Electrolysis: Challenges, Recent Advances, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Feng Zhe , Zhang Mengyang , Gu Chen , Zhang Anlei , Wang Longlu
Published: October 2024

Driven by the advantages of hydrogen energy, such as environmental protection and high energy density, the market has an urgent demand for hydrogen energy. Currently, the primary methods for hydrogen production mainly include hydrogen generation from fossil fuels, industrial by‐products, and water electrolysis. Seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production, due to its advantages of cleanliness, environmental protection, and ease of integration with renewable energy sources, is considered the most promising method for hydrogen production. However, seawater electrolysis faces challenges such as the reduction of hydrogen production efficiency due to impurities in seawater, as well as high costs associated with system construction and operation. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to summarize optimization strategies for seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production to promote the development of this field. In this review, the current situation of hydrogen production by seawater electrolysis is first reviewed. Subsequently, the challenges faced by seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production are categorized and summarized, and solutions to these challenges are discussed in detail. Following this, an overview of an in situ large‐scale direct electrolysis hydrogen production system at sea is presented. Last but not least, suggestions and prospects for the development of seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production are provided.
Oncofetal MCB1 Is a Functional Biomarker for HCC Personalized Therapy
Authors: Xiang Daimin , Liu Junyu , Wang Yichuan , Hu Dingtao , Zhang Cheng , Zeng Tanlun , Jiang Weiqi , Liang Xijun , Dong Wei , Sun Wen , Xu Li , Li Hengyu , Shi Yihai , Zhang Jian , Liu Hui , Ding Jin
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide and lacks biomarkers for personalized therapy. Herein, it is reported that MCB1 could be a novel oncofetal protein that is upregulated in the preneoplastic lesions and serum of early HCC patients. Functional studies reveal that MCB1 modulated p53 protein degradation to promote T‐IC generation and drive HCC initiation. Furthermore, the MCB1/p53 axis is shown to determine the responses of hepatoma cells to conventional chemotherapeutics and predict transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) benefits in patients. Importantly, MCB1 can mediate sorafenib/lenvatinib resistance by downregulating two essential drug targets fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) expression in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Patient‐derived tumor organoids (PDOs), patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs), and patient cohorts analysis suggested that MCB1 levels in HCCs may determine the distinct responses to conventional therapeutics and targeted drugs. Furthermore, treatment of targeted drugs‐resistant HCC with adeno‐associated virus (AAV) targeting MCB1 or a proteasome inhibitor restores targeted drug response, suggesting their clinical significance in HCC combinational therapy. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that MCB1 could act as a driver for HCC initiation, a contributor to drug resistance, and a biomarker for individualized HCC therapy.
DeepPhylo: Phylogeny‐Aware Microbial Embeddings Enhanced Predictive Accuracy in Human Microbiome Data Analysis
Authors: Wang Bin , Shen Yulong , Fang Jingyan , Su Xiaoquan , Xu Zhenjiang Zech
Published: October 2024

Microbial data analysis poses significant challenges due to its high dimensionality, sparsity, and compositionality. Recent advances have shown that integrating abundance and phylogenetic information is an effective strategy for uncovering robust patterns and enhancing the predictive performance in microbiome studies. However, existing methods primarily focus on the hierarchical structure of phylogenetic trees, overlooking the evolutionary distances embedded within them. This study introduces DeepPhylo, a novel method that employs phylogeny‐aware amplicon embeddings to effectively integrate abundance and phylogenetic information. DeepPhylo improves both the unsupervised discriminatory power and supervised predictive accuracy of microbiome data analysis. Compared to the existing methods, DeepPhylo demonstrates superiority in informing biologically relevant insights across five real‐world microbiome use cases, including clustering of skin microbiomes, prediction of host chronological age and gender, diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) across 15 studies, and multilabel disease classification.
Multiplexed SERS Detection of Serum Cardiac Markers Using Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Zheng Peng , Wu Lintong , Raj Piyush , Kim Jeong Hee , Paidi Santosh Kumar , Semancik Steve , Barman Ishan
Published: October 2024

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) possesses exquisite molecular‐specific properties with single‐molecule sensitivity. Yet, translation of SERS into a quantitative analysis technique remains elusive owing to considerable fluctuation of the SERS intensity, which can be ascribed to the SERS uncertainty principle, a tradeoff between “reproducibility” and “enhancement”. To provide a potential solution, herein, an integrated multiplexed SERS biosensing strategy is proposed, which features two distinct advantages. First, a subwavelength‐structured plasmonic metasurface consisting of alternately stacked metal–dielectric pyramidal meta‐atoms is fabricated and could provide simultaneously enhanced electric and magnetic fields to enable spatially extended and weakly wavelength‐dependent SERS. Second, nanomechanical perturbations are harnessed to transduce signals in the form of SERS frequency shifts, which are not directly affected by the SERS uncertainty principle. By also employing 3D printing methods, a proof‐of‐concept study of multiplexed detection of a panel of serum cardiac biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction is provided. Success in the development of both the electric and magnetic fields‐active plasmonic metasurfaces could transform future designs of SERS substrates with newly endowed functionalities, and frequency shift‐based SERS multiplexing could open new opportunities to develop innovative quantitative optical techniques for applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
Thermally Drawn Polymeric Catheters for MR‐Guided Cardiovascular Intervention
Authors: Abdelaziz Mohamed E. M. K. , Tian Libaihe , Lottner Thomas , Reiss Simon , Heidt Timo , Maier Alexander , Düring Klaus , Mühlen Constantin von zur , Bock Michael , Yeatman Eric , Yang Guang‐Zhong , Temelkuran Burak
Published: October 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including congenital heart diseases (CHD), present significant global health challenges, emphasizing the need for safe and effective treatment modalities. Fluoroscopy‐guided endovascular interventions are widely utilized but raise concerns about ionizing radiation, especially in pediatric cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers a radiation‐free alternative with superior soft tissue visualization and functional insights. However, the lack of compatible instruments remains a major obstacle. An adapted thermal drawing platform that enables low‐cost and rapid prototyping of instruments for MR‐guided endovascular interventions is introduced. This platform is demonstrated through the development of two exemplary catheter systems: a tendon‐driven steerable catheter with helical lumina and an active tracking Tiger‐shaped catheter with an embedded coaxial wire. These catheters exhibit mechanical properties comparable to commercial counterparts and show promising outcomes in both in vitro and in vivo feasibility testing. This scalable thermal drawing platform addresses the limitations of existing manufacturing approaches and facilitates the exploration of diverse designs, potentially accelerating advancements in catheter technologies for MR‐guided cardiovascular interventions.
Toxic Effects of Tributyltin, Triphenyltin, and SnCl2 on the Development of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos
Authors: Barkhordari Aref , Hassan Jalal , Koohi Mohammad Kazem , Rahmati‐Holasoo Hooman , Pourshaban‐Shahrestani Ali
Published: October 2024

Tin (Sn) is one of the heavy metals to which various functions in biological development are attributed in small quantities, for example, a role in cell structure, enzyme activities, and protein and carbohydrate metabolism in fish. Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) are endocrine disrupting chemicals that are widely distributed in the aquatic environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of TBT, TPT, and SnCl2 on the embryonic development of zebrafish. In this study, zebrafish embryos were used to observe the acute toxicity of TBT, TPT, and SnCl2. Fish embryo toxicity analysis was performed for different TBT, TPT, and SnCl2 concentrations (1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 ng/L). Fertilized eggs in 24‐well plates (20 eggs in each concentration) were incubated at 26°C for 4 days, and embryo clotting, embryo heartbeat, and morphological abnormalities were recorded after 96 h. Coagulation increased significantly in a dose‐dependent manner, and TBT was able to induce coagulation in zebrafish embryos. Heartbeat changes significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in a dose‐dependent manner at different TBT doses (p < 0.05). The percentage of mortality was higher in embryos at trace levels of TBT, indicating that the embryos are more sensitive to the toxicity of TBT. TBT is therefore extremely toxic and can have fatal consequences for zebrafish embryos, ultimately leading to the extinction of species and a decline in biodiversity in the aquatic environment. After analyzing the images 96 h after fertilization and converting them to a teratogenic index score, it was found that the index for the two compounds TPT and TBT was 4.6 and 9.6 ng/L, respectively.
An Unusual Presentation of Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy‐Plus Case Caused by a Novel DNAJC30 Variant
Authors: Şenol Hüseyin Bahadır , Soydemir Didem , Polat Ayşe İpek , Aydın Adem , Hız Ayşe Semra , Yiş Uluç
Published: October 2024

Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is characterized by vision loss due to the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. LHON‐Plus refers to LHON with additional extraocular findings. Neurological conditions observed in LHON‐Plus include seizures, encephalopathy, movement disorders, neuropathy, and myopathy. Herein, we present a case with atypical LHON‐Plus caused by a novel DNAJC30 disease‐causing gene variant. A 15‐year‐old boy presented with acute headache, and blurred and decreased vision in both eyes. Although initial evaluation pointed toward idiopathic intracranial hypertension, the subsequent diagnostic process revealed unusual features like area postrema syndrome and T2 hyperintensity in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Consequently, antibody‐negative neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) was diagnosed and treatment was commenced. Recurrent episodes of elevated intracranial pressure necessitated the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Exome sequencing (ES) revealed a novel homozygous variant in the DNAJC30 gene 2 years after symptom onset. Atypical LHON presentations due to nuclear gene mutations may mimic other neuroinflammatory conditions like NMOSD, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and genetic testing. ES plays a crucial role in diagnosing complex neurological cases, enabling the identification of novel genetic variants associated with LHON and related disorders.
Research progress in OX40/OX40L in allergic diseases
Authors: Song Rongrong , Zhang Huanlei , Liang Zhuoping
Published: October 2024

OX40/OX40L are costimulatory molecules in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. Numerous studies have shown that OX40/OX40L are involved in immune regulation, especially in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells and the generation of memory T cells, which play important roles in allergic diseases. In recent years, the use of OX40/OX40L as therapeutic targets for treating T‐cell‐mediated diseases has attracted the interest of scholars. This paper reviews the role of OX40/OX40L in allergic diseases and the progress in clinical treatments targeting this signaling pathway.
A‐Site Engineering with Thiophene‐Based Ammonium for High‐Efficiency 2D/3D Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Guitao , Loi Hok‐Leung , Wang Tianyue , Deng Wenqiu , Guan Zhiqiang , Wei Qi , He Jiandong , Li Mingjie , Lee Chun‐Sing , Wang Jizheng , Zhang Qichun , Yan Feng
Published: October 2024

Tin halide perovskites are the most promising candidate materials for lead‐free perovskite solar cells (PSCs) thanks to their low toxicity and ideal band gap energies. The introduction of 2D/3D mixed perovskite phases in tin‐based PSCs (TPSCs) has proven to be the most effective approach to improving device efficiency and stability. However, a 2D perovskite phase normally shows relatively low carrier mobility, which will be unfavorable for carrier transfer in the devices. In this work, we used a thiophene‐based cation 2‐(thiophen‐3‐yl)ethan‐1‐aminium (3‐TEA) as a spacer to form a novel 2D perovskite phase in TPSCs, which shows the most promising effect on the performance enhancement in comparison with other cations like 2‐(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethan‐1‐aminium (2‐TEA) and benzene‐based 2‐phenylethan‐1‐aminium (PEA). Theoretical calculations reveal that 3‐TEA enables the most compact crystal packing of [SnI6]4− octahedral layers, resulting in the lowest hole effective mass and formation energy in the 2D phase. This effect significantly enhances device efficiency and stability by facilitating more efficient carrier transfer within the 2D phase. These findings indicate that thiophene‐based 2D perovskites are well‐suited for high‐performance TPSCs.
Das Trifluoroxygenat‐Anion [OF3]−: Spektroskopischer Nachweis einer Binären, Hypervalenten Sauerstoffspezies
Authors: Meyer Deniz F. , Medel Robert , Riedel Sebastian
Published: October 2024

Experimentelle Belege für hypervalente Verbindungen von Elementen der zweiten Periode sind in der Literatur selten. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir erstmals über das lange gesuchte binäre, hypervalente Trifluoroxygenat‐Anion [OF3]−. Es wurde gebildet durch die Reaktion von Sauerstoffdifluorid mit freien Fluorid‐Ionen, welche durch Laserablation von Alkalimetallfluoriden MF (M=Li−Cs) erzeugt wurden, und konnte unter kryogenen Bedingungen in Neonmatrizen isoliert werden. Das VSEPR‐Modell und Berechnungen auf CCSD(T)‐Niveau sagen eine C2v‐symmetrische T‐förmige Struktur mit einer kurzen und zwei langen O−F‐Bindungen für [OF3]− voraus. Dies wird durch FTIR‐Spektroskopie in Kombination mit Isotopenmarkierungs‐Experimente bestätigt. Eine Analyse der natürlichen lokalisierten Molekülorbitale zeigt das Vorliegen einer 2Z–2E‐Bindung und einer 3Z–4E‐Bindung an. Natural Resonance Theory weist auf die Bedeutung der Stabilität von [OF2]⋅− für die Stabilität von [OF3]− hin. Obwohl freies [OF2]⋅− nicht nachgewiesen wurde, konnten in denselben Experimenten die Spezies MOF2 (M=Na−Cs) beobachtet werden, die sich am besten als Kontaktionenpaar M+[OF2]⋅− beschreiben lassen.
One‐Step Synthesis of Novel Erlotinib Analogs Catalyzed by Nano‐CuO as Potent Anticancer Agent
Authors: Moghadam Fatemeh Azmian , Mokhtary Masoud , Evazalipour Mehdi
Published: October 2024

Twenty new substituted erlotinib analogs with anticancer activity were produced with good to excellent yields through the one‐step reaction of erlotinib, aromatic aldehydes, and cyclic secondary amines such as piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, N‐methylpiperazine, or imidazole using nano‐CuO in choline chloride: urea (ChCl:urea) solvent under ultrasound irradiation at 80°C. MTT protocol was applied to investigate the cytotoxicity of all produced substituted erlotinib analogs in A431 (human epidermoid carcinoma cell) and HU02 (foreskin fibroblast) cell lines. The results illustrated that at a concentration of less than 10 μM, the growth of A431 cells could be inhibited by the produced compounds. Compared to erlotinib as positive control, the highest cytotoxic activity with IC50 equal to 2.58 ± 0.57 μM belonged to compound 4c carrying 4‐fluorobenzene with piperidine substitution. All of the synthesized compounds showed significant cytotoxic activity on A431, while showing no apparent cytotoxicity to HU02. The reasons for the stronger cytotoxic activity 4c can be most probably attributed to the two phenomena of greater solubility of the fluoro derivative and the flexibility of piperidine. Based on this study, compound 4c is the most promising compound with anticancer properties.
Heart Engineering of Photovoltaic Devices: Preparation of New Ru Dyes Using Thioindigo and Phenothiazine
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Mozhgan , Nasiri Sohrab , Nutalapati Venkatramaiah , Gharanjig Kamaladin , Nunzi Jean Michel
Published: October 2024

Phenothiazine and thioindigo were used as substitutes to make new Ru dyes for DSSCs. The thioindigo unit is a notable molecule with strong technical qualities in these photosensitizers. As a result, research was done on the cyano substituent as an electron‐donating group. Both theoretical and experimental methods were used to assess the complexes' optical response. A better photovoltaic response is achieved by the cyano groups' efficient bonding with the semiconductor layer. Additionally, the complexes that were formed contain two different kinds of electron accepter substituents: cyanoacrylic acid and carboxylic acid, with efficiencies of 7.42% and 4.17%, respectively. Additionally, cosensitization was investigated and analyzed utilizing N719 and two generated complexes. DSSCs made with Complex 1 and 2 and N719 have corresponding efficiency percentages of 8.86% and 9.74%.
High Quantum Yields and Energy Transfer Efficiency of Lanthanide‐Based Coordination Polymers as Luminescent Thermometer in Low Temperature Range
Authors: Wang Jinzeng , Dong Jinning , Cui Mengjuan , Li Xiaolong , Wang Fang
Published: October 2024

Luminescent lanthanide‐based coordination polymers (LnCPs) present great potential in low‐temperature detection due to their convenience in contactless readout. High quantum yields and energy transfer efficiency are favored by LnCPs as luminescent thermometer. In this work, based on the thermogravimetric analysis and temperature‐dependent powder x‐ray diffraction, coordinated and isolated molecules of [Ln2(mip)3(H2O)8·4H2O]∞ (abbreviated as Ln2MIP) were removed by dehydration process. Combining luminescent measurement and calculation, both quantum yields and energy transfer efficiency between Tb3+ and Eu3+ have been greatly enhanced. Additionally, the Eu3+ intensity of dehydrated Gd0.2Tb1.08Eu0.72MIP displays excellent temperature sensing ability from 77 to 300 K with enhanced relative sensitivity. These results demonstrate the potential of LnCPs in low‐temperature sensing with high quantum yields and energy transfer efficiency.
Kia kōrerorero tonu ai: a review of the dialogue at the interface of Indigenous oral tradition and archaeology in Aotearoa New Zealand and Oceania
Authors: McIvor Isaac , Roa Tom , Waitoki Waikaremoana
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the previous theoretical interfaces of Indigenous oral tradition and archaeology in Oceania, specifically in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Historical processes of writing down kōrero, or oral histories, by amateur historians and ethnologists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, culminated in the romanticised traditions of the early Polynesian society and influenced contemporary archaeological scholarship. In response to criticisms, archaeologists attempted to validate kōrero using Western research methodologies. However, attempts often fell short and processual archaeologists of the mid‐late‐20th century considered oral tradition and archaeology as incapable of cross‐validation. Parallel ethnological scholarship focused on the symbolism in oral histories as indicators of their function in contemporary society or as legitimate forms of recounting actual historical events after critical evaluation. More recent archaeologists use kōrero about the last few centuries like any other historical source. Māori scholars have taken inspiration from previous theoretical arcs to position kōrero in a postmodern space of relative truths or to critically analyse its historical and functional values. The review concludes with how the interface of oral history and archaeology might follow Kaupapa Māori research methodologies and current materialist critiques of dominant settlement pattern theory.
Ein neues Rathaus für Hainburg
Authors: Kühn Noel , Rutschmann Andreas
Published: October 2024

Das neue Rathausgebäude in Hainburg vereint die Verwaltungen der Rathäuser Hainstadt und Klein‐Krotzenburg unter einem Dach. Das Haus wirkt in seiner Formensprache nicht wie ein klassischer Verwaltungsbau. Durch die großzügige Rücknahme des Erdgeschosses über eine Gebäudeecke und ein dahinter anschließendes gebäudehohes Atrium wirkt der Baukörper vielmehr wie ein leichter, einladender Pavillon mit Aufenthaltsqualität. Das Gebäude wurde in Holzbauweise errichtet. Der Holzbau ist nicht nur Bestandteil der Konstruktion, sondern auch gestaltendes Element im Innenraum. Einzig das Untergeschoss und der aussteifende Kern wurden in Massivbauweise ausgeführt. Neben dem Einsatz nachhaltiger Materialien folgt auch das Energiekonzept des Rathauses modernsten Ansprüchen. Die Stromversorgung des gesamten Gebäudes sowie der Betrieb der Luft/Wasser‐Wärmepumpen für die Fußbodenheizung werden vollständig über eine Photovoltaikanlage auf dem Dach abgedeckt. Die vertikal strukturierte Fassade erhielt eine Verkleidung aus bronzierten Blechen. Das darauf fallende Tageslicht erhöht den Eindruck eines Bauwerks von hoher architektonischer Qualität. Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt die planerischen Randbedingungen des Projekts und den Versuch einer konsequenten Umsetzung der architektonischen Idee im Tragwerk. Ein Schwerpunkt widmet sich der Betrachtung des ermittelten CO2‐Äquivalents am Beispiel der Decke über dem 1. OG.
Understanding the long‐term impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer outcomes: 12‐Month follow‐up data from the international, prospective COVIDSurg Cancer study
Authors: Alexander Cameron E. , Nathan Arjun , Light Alexander , Gao Chuanyu , Chan Vinson , Khadhouri Sinan , Gallagher Kevin , Byrnes Kevin G. , Walters Michael , Hughes Terry , Perry Rita , Okoth Kelvin , Magill Laura , Pinkney Thomas , John Joseph B. , McGrath John S. , Colquhoun Alexandra , Zhang Yuhao , Blackmur James , Etchill Eric , Tang Stanley , García Escudero Damián , Stewart Grant D. , Kasivisvanathan Veeru ,   COVIDSurg Collaborative
Published: October 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to report the 12‐month oncological outcomes for patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) within the prospective, international COVIDSurg Cancer study.

Patients and methods

Eligible patients were aged ≥18 years and scheduled for elective surgical management of NMIBC with curative intent (transurethral resection of bladder tumour [TURBT] or bladder biopsy) from 21 January to 14 April 2020. The primary outcome was disease recurrence within 12 months of previous elective TURBT/bladder biopsy. Secondary outcomes included disease progression within 12 months of previous elective TURBT/bladder biopsy, site‐declared delay to surgery from diagnosis as a consequence of COVID‐19 and deviation in standard care due to COVID‐19. Comparisons were made to cohorts from the pre‐pandemic era.

Results

Bladder cancer accounted for 2.2% (n = 446) of patients in the COVIDSurg Cancer study, with data contributed by 27 centres across 12 countries internationally. Within this included cohort, 229 patients had NMIBC and 12‐month follow‐up data available. On application of National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) criteria, 47.2% were classified as having high‐risk disease. Overall disease recurrence and progression rates were 29.3% and 9.7% at 12 months, respectively. In purely high‐risk pre‐pandemic cohorts, the International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) estimates a recurrence rate of 25% at 12 months, and the European Association of Urology (EAU) NMIBC 2021 scoring model estimates a 12‐month progression rate of 3.5%. As a consequence of the COVID‐19 pandemic, 10.9% of patients had site‐declared delay to TURBT/bladder biopsy; 7.4% did not undergo intravesical therapy or had early discontinuation of this; 9.2% did not undergo early repeat resection for high‐risk disease; and 18.3% had a delay to cystoscopic follow‐up surveillance.

Conclusions

This prospective study indicates that there were widespread deviations in usual care for NMIBC during the pandemic and that 12‐month oncological outcomes appear to be impaired compared to published pre‐pandemic outcomes.
Reliability of mpMRI in diagnosing cancer prostate following intravesical BCG for bladder cancer
Authors: Avudaiappan Arjun Pon , Prabhakar Pushan , Siretskiy Rachel , Renshaw Andrew , Eldefrawy Ahmed , Manoharan Murugesan
Published: October 2024

Background

Detecting carcinoma prostate (CaP) after intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy for non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) poses diagnostic challenges. Granulomatous prostatitis (GP) has an incidence of 0.8%–3.3% in post‐intravesical BCG patients and 6% incidence in a PIRADS 5 lesion on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). Patients with GP after intravesical BCG may have clinical, biochemical, and radiological features similar to CaP. In our study, we evaluate the reliability of mpMRI in diagnosing CaP after intravesical BCG therapy.

Materials and Methods

We reviewed the NMIBC patients treated with intravesical BCG therapy between 2017 and 2023 and investigated those who underwent mpMRI and MR fusion biopsy in suspicion of CaP. A total of 120 patients had intravesical BCG immunotherapy, and 10 patients met our selection criteria. We performed a descriptive analysis of these patients and assessed the sensitivity and specificity of mpMRI in diagnosing CaP.

Results

The sensitivity of mpMRI in detecting CaP was 100%, and the specificity was 28.6%. Similarly, the negative predictive value for detecting CaP was 100%, and the positive predictive value was 37.5%. Among patients evaluated with mpMRI, a PIRADS 4 or 5 lesion was seen in 8 (80%) patients, and there was no lesion in 2 (20%) patients. The mpMRI detected 1 lesion in 6 patients (60%) and 2 (20%) in 2 patients. The lesions had a PIRADS score of 4 and 5 in 6 (60%) and 2 (20%) patients, respectively. Among these lesions, 8 (80%) were in the peripheral zone and 2 (20%) in the transition zone. In the MR fusion biopsy of these 10 patients, 7 (70%) had granulomatous prostatitis, and 3 (30%) had CaP.

Conclusion

In our study on evaluating the reliability of mpMRI in diagnosing CaP among post‐intravesical BCG patients, we noted that although PIRADS in mpMRI had high sensitivity in identifying prostate lesions, its specificity for detecting CaP is limited.
Nichtlineare Analyse des Tragverhaltens von gefalteten Carbonbetonmodulen
Authors: Spartali Homam , Gomes Carlos , Klarmann Simon , Klinkel Sven , Chudoba Rostislav
Published: October 2024

Steigende Anforderungen an die Nachhaltigkeit von Bauwerken erfordern den Übergang von massiven zu dünnwandigen, hocheffizienten Bauteilen. Basierend auf der Faltbarkeit textiler Bewehrungen bieten dünnwandige Origami‐Faltschalen aus Carbonbeton eine effizient herstellbare Alternative zu traditionellen Stahlbetonstrukturen. Trotz intensiver Forschung existieren bislang keine etablierten Bemessungs‐ und Analysemethoden, die eine hinreichend genaue Vorhersage des Tragverhaltens gefalteter Schalen erlauben und somit eine zielgerichtete Entwicklung hinsichtlich Tragfähigkeit, Spannungsumlagerungen und Versagensmechanismen unterstützen können. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zwei FEM‐Modellierungsansätze zur Analyse von Faltschalenmodulen vorgestellt. In diesen Ansätzen wird die Carbonbewehrung sowohl in verschmierter als auch in aufgelöster Form modelliert. Das Materialverhalten des Betons wird mithilfe eines Schädigungsplastizitätsmodells abgebildet. Der Modellierungsansatz wird anhand von getesteten Prototypen validiert. Der Ansatz bildet eine allgemeine Grundlage für den Entwurf und die Analyse gefalteter Origami‐Schalen.
How the technologies behind self‐driving cars, social networks, ChatGPT, and DALL‐E2 are changing structural biology
Authors: Bochtler Matthias
Published: October 2024

The performance of deep Neural Networks (NNs) in the text (ChatGPT) and image (DALL‐E2) domains has attracted worldwide attention. Convolutional NNs (CNNs), Large Language Models (LLMs), Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models (DDPMs)/Noise Conditional Score Networks (NCSNs), and Graph NNs (GNNs) have impacted computer vision, language editing and translation, automated conversation, image generation, and social network management. Proteins can be viewed as texts written with the alphabet of amino acids, as images, or as graphs of interacting residues. Each of these perspectives suggests the use of tools from a different area of deep learning for protein structural biology. Here, I review how CNNs, LLMs, DDPMs/NCSNs, and GNNs have led to major advances in protein structure prediction, inverse folding, protein design, and small molecule design. This review is primarily intended as a deep learning primer for practicing experimental structural biologists. However, extensive references to the deep learning literature should also make it relevant to readers who have a background in machine learning, physics or statistics, and an interest in protein structural biology.
O‐GlcNAcylation regulates osteoblast differentiation through the morphological changes in mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Weng Yao , Wang Ziyi , Sitosari Heriati , Ono Mitsuaki , Okamura Hirohiko , Oohashi Toshitaka
Published: October 2024

To explore the potential mechanisms which O‐linked‐N‐acetylglucosaminylation (O‐GlcNAcylation) regulates osteogenesis, a publicly RNA‐seq dataset was re‐analyzed with literature‐mining and showed the primary targets of O‐GlcNAcylation in osteoblasts are mitochondria/cytoskeleton. Although the O‐GlcNAcylation‐regulated mitochondria/cytoskeleton has been extensively studied, its specific role during osteogenesis remains unclear. To address this, we knocked out Ogt (Ogt‐KO) in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. Then, significantly reduced osteoblast differentiation, motility, proliferation, mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (Mito–ER) coupling, volume of ER, nuclear tubulins, and oxygen metabolism were observed in Ogt‐KO cells. Through artificial intelligence (AI)‐predicted cellular structures, the time‐lapse live cells imaging with reactive‐oxygen‐species/hypoxia staining showed that lower cell proliferation and altered oxygen metabolism in the Ogt‐KO cells were correlated with the Mito–ER coupling. Bioinformatics analysis, combined with correlated mRNA and protein expression, suggested that Ezh2 and its downstream targets (Opa1, Gsk3a, Wnt3a, Hif1a, and Hspa9) may be involved in O‐GlcNAcylation‐regulated Mito–ER coupling, ultimately impacting osteoblast differentiation. In conclusion, our findings indicate that O‐GlcNAcylation‐regulated osteoblast differentiation is linked to morphological changes in mitochondria, cytoskeleton, and ER, with Ezh2 potentially playing a crucial role.
Effect of Acupuncture on Cognitive Function in Patients With Post‐Stroke Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Luo Ziyan , Li Wenxuan , Jiang Jieting , Sun Jie , Zhang Mingyue , Zhang Yaqing , Dong Lu , Li Kunpeng , Wu Caiqin
Published: October 2024

Aims and objective

To investigate the impact of acupuncture on post‐stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).

Background

PSCI is a major barrier to stroke patients’ rehabilitation, and acupuncture is one of the treatments. However, the benefit of acupuncture on PSCI is unclear.

Design

A meta‐analysis and systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods

Up to February 1, 2024, databases in PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched. The risk of bias was investigated using the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews of treatments. Random‐effect and fix‐effect models were used to report the effects.

Results

There were 29 randomized clinical trials with 2477 participants included. The findings demonstrated that the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores were higher in the acupuncture group than medicine group (mean difference [MD] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) CI [1.26, 2.23], I2 = 59%, p < 0.01). Compared to medicine group, the Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) score exhibited a significant decrease and demonstrated improvement in the acupuncture group. Statistically significant outcomes were observed in the Barthel Index scores and P300 event‐related potential (ERP). According to subgroup analysis, acupuncture was superior to conventional therapy for improving cognitive function in PSCI patients at 4 weeks after treatment.

Conclusion

Acupuncture therapy has shown promise in ameliorating cognitive deficits and enhancing daily functional abilities in individuals diagnosed with PSCI. But future research should focus on the duration and implement large sample, high‐quality RCTs.

Relevance to clinical practice

Clinical workers in practical clinical work can select appropriate acupoints according to the actual conditions of patients, as well as confirm the treatment course of PSCI patients, while paying attention to observing and evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture, to improve the health outcomes of patients in a patient‐centered way.
Effect of Relaxation‐Based Virtual Reality on Psychological and Physiological Stress of Substance Abusers Under Detoxification: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lotfinia Shahab , Yaseri Aram , Jamshidmofid Pardis , Nazari Fatemeh , Shahkaram Homa , Yaztappeh Jafar Sarani , Kianimoghadam Amir Sam
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Substance abuse is a widespread problem, with high rates of treatment dropout. Stress plays a crucial role in this problem, so innovative interventions with stressed patients can assist them in completing treatment.

Methods

This study is a randomized controlled trial with 60 participants who have substance abuse disorder undergoing detoxification at a residency facility in Tehran, Iran. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: watching a 360° video of nature, a 360° video of a city environment, or no virtual experience. The intervention was performed only for one session. Psychological stress was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule and Perceived Stress Scale before and after the intervention. Physiological stress was assessed through respiratory rate, skin conductance, and heart rate recordings during the virtual reality (VR) experience. Data analysis was performed using R software (version 4.2).

Results

Paired t‐test results indicated significant psychological differences before and after virtual nature experiences, but not in the control and city groups. The repeated measure ANOVA showed a significant reduction in skin conductance (p < 0.01) and respiratory rate (p < 0.01) scores in the nature group.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that VR relaxation could be a potentially beneficial intervention for reducing stress in patients during detoxification.
Crown‐Ether‐Based Artificial K+ Selective Ionic Filter
Authors: Xin Pengyang , Jiu Zhihui , Shi Linlin , Shu Yuqing , Song Yufei , Sun Yonghui
Published: October 2024

In this study, we have successfully synthesized bis (cholesterol‐dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐ether)‐pillar[5]arene compound 1 through a click reaction, which could spontaneously insert into lipid bilayers to form ion channel due to the membrane anchor cholesterol group and show significant transport activity of K+ superior to Na+, with a permeability ratio of K+/Na+ equal to 4.58. Compound 1 two crown ether modules act as selective filters similar to natural K+ channel, which are determined to 1 : 2 binding stoichiometry to K+ by Job's plot and NMR titration. This structurally unambiguously unimolecule artificial channel provides ideas for constructing highly K+/Na+ selective molecular filters.
Heterogenization of Palladium Trimer and Nanoparticles Through Polymerization Boosted Catalytic Efficiencies in Recyclable Coupling and Reduction Reactions
Authors: Wang Miaomiao , He Zhixin , Chen Meng , Fu Fangyu , Wang Yanlan
Published: October 2024

The development of heterogeneous palladium catalysts has shown continuous vitality in the field of catalysis and materials. In this work, we report one concise free radical polymerization approach to accomplish the aromatic palladium trimer functionalized polymers PSSy‐[Pd3]+ (2) and its derived palladium nanoparticles (3). Full characterizations could confirm the successful combination of cationic [Pd3]+ or nanoparticles with poly(p‐sulfonated styrene) skeleton. Compared to their monomeric tri‐palladium precursor (1) and common Pd(dba)2, Pd(PPh3)4, Pd(OAc)2, heterogeneous PSSy‐[Pd3]+ (2) shows much superior catalytic activities (0.15 mol %, TOF=1333.3 h−1) in the SMCC reaction. The identically ligated PdNPs (3) are formed in‐suit in the presence of NaBH4 and accomplish quantitative reduction of 4‐nitrophenol in just 320 s (0.50 mol %, TOF=2250 h−1). Moreover, these heterogeneous catalysts are reused for 5–6 times without significant loss of catalytic activity. Their superior catalytic ability is probably attributed to the synergistic effect of polymer entanglement and the tri‐palladium fragment. This work enlightens that the immobilization of palladium clusters or nanoparticles by polymerization could offer multiple advantages in stability, efficiency and recyclability for their involved catalyses and show far‐reaching future implications.