bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Sandplay Therapy in the Mental Health Education of Vocational College Students
Authors: Xu Xiaojing , Zhang Yanhua , Liu Libin
Published: June 2022

Objective. To analyze the application and effect of sandplay therapy in higher vocational students’ mental health. Method. 350 sophomores of 2019 in a higher vocational college were randomly selected, and 72 subjects of depressed students (

SAS
≥
50

) were selected from 350 sophomores and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group, each group 9, preparing one set of chamber equipment, adopting the same group before and after test experiment design. The intervention group was, respectively, given 8 individual box court game tutoring, once a week for each person. The control group did not intervene. By comparing the intervention group with the control group, the intervention effect of sandplay therapy on anxiety of experimental group members was investigated. Results. Among 350 respondents, 72 had SAS

scores
≥
50

, and the incidence of anxiety symptoms was 20.57%. Since there was only 1 case with SAS

score
≥
70

, it was incorporated into the group with SAS score ranging from 60 to 59. After treatment, SAS scores of students with mild to moderate anxiety in the intervention group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant. The difference before and after control group was not statistically significant. After sandplay therapy, the differences in SAS scores between the intervention group and the control group were found to be statistically significant for both mild and moderate anxiety. Conclusion. Sandplay therapy in the higher vocational college students’ mental health education could promote the mental health of students, and it effectively improves students’ psychological quality.
The Innovation of College Students’ Ideological and Political Education under the Intelligent Environment of Internet of Things
Authors: Wang Xia
Published: June 2022

With the development of the times and the continuous improvement of the requirements for college students’ political literacy and identity, the informatization reform and educational innovation of college students’ ideological and political education have become the focus and difficulty of teaching reform. The ideological and political education in most domestic colleges and universities still focuses on the elaboration of theoretical knowledge, ignoring the importance of social practice. Therefore, this paper puts forward the research on the innovation of college students’ ideological and political education in the intelligent environment of the Internet of things, constructs the college ideological and political education training cloud system through the Internet of Things technology and AR technology, and promotes the realization of the purpose of college students’ participation in social practice. The experimental results show that the college ideological and political education training cloud system based on AR and Internet of Things technology can improve the interaction and participation of ideological and political courses, stimulate students’ interest and enthusiasm, deepen students’ understanding of the content of ideological and political education, and better understand the importance of ideological and political education. At the same time, the system is also the exploration and practice of teaching innovation of ideological and political education in the intelligent environment of Internet of Things. It is a new attempt of ideological and political education reform in colleges and universities.
Mathematical Problems in Engineering Improved CNP-Method-Based Local Real-Time Cooperative Task Allocation of Heterogeneous Multi-UAV in Communication-Constrained Environment
Authors: Xie Tao , Guo Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaofeng , Yu Jiayang , zhang Zhe
Published: June 2022

UAVs are widely employed in military and civilian fields because of their inherent advantages. The cooperative task allocation of multi-UAV is more in conformity with the requirements of UAV application scenarios, which has become a hot research topic. However, resource consumption allocation and the application scenarios of communication constraints are often ignored. This paper proposes a distributed multi-UAV task allocation method based on improved CNP to solve the local cooperative task allocation problem of heterogeneous multi-UAV in the communication-constrained environment. The improved CNP-based method can be divided into four stages: task release, bid application, coalition formation, and signing contracts. In the task release stage, we proposed the adaptive maximum number setting method of information transfer times and the information consistency method to solve conflicts in the local communication network. In the process of coalition formation, the resource consumption allocation algorithm based on the Gini coefficient is proposed to keep the resource difference between UAVs in the coalition within a reasonable range. The simulation results demonstrate that improved CNP-method-based cooperative task allocation can handle the local real-time task allocation problem of heterogeneous multi-UAV under communication constraints; it obtains greater task rewards and spends less time on task completion than the resource-welfare-based method, PTCFA. Simultaneously, the resource consumption algorithm makes the UAV swarm maintain a more reasonable resource difference to maximize the number of missions completed.
Study on OBE Teaching Concept in the Context of Deep Learning for the Construction of University Mathematics Microcourses
Authors: Qiao Yan , Fu Haiming
Published: June 2022

Outcome-Based Education (OBE) is a goal-based educational system in which each part of education is around outcomes. By the end of the course, every student should have achieved the goal. Outcome-Based Education (OBE) involves various teaching methods and is not restricted to any specified way of teaching. Based on the targeted results, the teacher will mentor the students by acting as an instructor, trainer, and facilitator. The Deep Learning Technology of Artificial Intelligence is applied in various applications to carry out automation and physical tasks without human intervention along with data transfer through wireless networking. In this research, an Apriori Algorithm supports the identification of a suitable method for the teaching process (the OBE Teaching concept) through the outcome of the learning process. This optimization of identification of suitable method is performed with the implementation of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) in the construction of the University Mathematics Course. The study results proved that the proposed algorithm provides an accuracy of 98.87%. The proposed algorithm can be trained further based on different rules to attain some increased performance of the methodology.
Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab for Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Real World Experience
Authors: Hall Benjamin James , Bhojwani Ajay Ashok , Wong Helen , Law Andrea , Flint Helen , Ahmed Eliyaz , Innes Helen , Cliff Joanne , Malik Zaf , O’Hagan Julie Elizabeth , Hall Allison , Sripadam Rajaram , Tolan Shaun , Ali Zulfiqar , Hart Clare , Errington Douglas , Alam Farida , Giuliani Rosa , Mehta Shaveta , Khanduri Sheena , Thorp Nicky , Jackson Richard , Cicconi Silvia , Palmieri Carlo
Published: June 2022

Background. Randomized studies of neoadjuvant (NA) trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined with chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancers (BC) have reported pathological complete response (pCR) rates of 39 to 61%. This study aimed to determine the real-world efficacy and toxicity of NA trastuzumab and pertuzumab combined with chemotherapy in a UK tertiary referral cancer centre. Methods. HER2-positive early BC patients given neoadjuvant chemotherapy with trastuzumab and pertuzumab between October 2016 and February 2018 at our tertiary referral cancer centre were identified via pharmacy records. Clinico-pathological information, treatment regimens, treatment-emergent toxicities, operative details, and pathological responses and outcomes were recorded. Results. 78 female patients were identified; 2 had bilateral diseases and 48 of 78 (62%) were node positive at presentation. 55 of 80 (71%) tumours were ER-positive. PCR occurred in 37 of 78 (46.3%; 95% CI: 35.3–57.2%) patients. 14 of 23 (60.8%) patients with ER-negative tumours achieved pCR; 23 of 55 (41.8%) were ER-positive and 6 of 19 (31.6%) were ER-positive and PgR-positive. No cardiac toxicity was documented. Diarrhoea occurred in 53 of 72 (74%) patients. Grade 3–4 toxicity occurred in ≥2% patients. These were diarrhoea, fatigue, and infection. The Median follow up period was 45.2 months (95% CI 43.8–46.3) with 71 of 78 (91.0%) remaining disease-free and 72 of 78 (92.3%) alive. Estimated OS at 2 years 86% (95% CI: 75–99%). Conclusion. This data confirms the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with dual HER2 directed therapy. While no cardiac toxicity was observed, diarrhoea occurred frequently. The low pCR rate observed in ER and PgR-positive BCs warrants further investigation and consideration of strategies to increase the pCR rate.
Intelligent Deep Learning Enabled Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Detection and Classification Using Biomedical Images
Authors: Alanazi Adwan A. , Khayyat Manal M. , Khayyat Mashael M. , Elamin Elnaim Bushra M. , Abdel-Khalek Sayed
Published: June 2022

Oral cancer is one of the lethal diseases among the available malignant tumors globally, and it has become a challenging health issue in developing and low-to-middle income countries. The prognosis of oral cancer remains poor because over 50% of patients are recognized at advanced stages. Earlier detection and screening models for oral cancer are mainly based on experts’ knowledge, and it necessitates an automated tool for oral cancer detection. The recent developments of computational intelligence (CI) and computer vision-based approaches help to accomplish enhanced performance in medical-image-related tasks. This article develops an intelligent deep learning enabled oral squamous cell carcinoma detection and classification (IDL-OSCDC) technique using biomedical images. The presented IDL-OSCDC model involves the recognition and classification of oral cancer on biomedical images. The proposed IDL-OSCDC model employs Gabor filtering (GF) as a preprocessing step to eliminate noise content. In addition, the NasNet model is exploited for the generation of high-level deep features from the input images. Moreover, an enhanced grasshopper optimization algorithm (EGOA)-based deep belief network (DBN) model is employed for oral cancer detection and classification. The hyperparameter tuning of the DBN model is performed using the EGOA algorithm which in turn boosts the classification outcomes. The experimentation outcomes of the IDL-OSCDC model using a benchmark biomedical imaging dataset highlighted its promising performance over the other methods with maximum

accu

y

,

prec

n

,

reca

l

, and

F

score

of 95%, 96.15%, 93.75%, and 94.67% correspondingly.
MMW-NOMA: An Uplink NOMA Communication System Based on the Node Pairing Algorithm of Maximum and Minimum Weight in Underwater Acoustic Networks
Authors: Gao Guohong , Wang Jianping , Chen Xuejun , Liu Quan , Zhai Ruizhi , Ma Jianwei
Published: June 2022

In orthogonal multiple access (OMA) communication systems, resources are allocated to numerous users based on time, frequency, or code domains. The low bandwidth of the underwater acoustic network limits the number of nodes that can be supported by the OMA system, due to limited resources. The innovative concept of nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) provides a solution that offers more nodes and increases spectral efficiency. As a promising technique, it optimizes power allocation through channel characteristics and adopts serial interference cancellation algorithms to decode the signal at the receiver. This paper introduces an underwater communication system based on the node pairing algorithm of maximum and minimum weight (MMW-NOMA). First, we build the system model in a UAN scenario. Second, we present the node pairing strategy. Third, we design a node replacement mechanism. Furthermore, we offer a power allocation algorithm. Finally, we compare the performance of MMW-NOMA with randomly paired NOMA (RP-NOMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Numerical results show that MMW-NOMA outperforms RP-NOMA and OFDM in throughput, mean square error, and energy efficiency. However, the complexity of MMW-NOMA is slightly higher than that of RP-NOMA but significantly lower than OFDM. These results show that MMW-NOMA achieves a reasonable trade-off between performance and complexity.
Effects of Plasma Exchange Combined with Immunoglobulin Therapy on Consciousness, Immune Function, and Prognosis in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis Crisis: A Prospective Randomized Test
Authors: Peng Xu , Xie Xiao-Bi , Tan Hong , Zhang Dan , Jiang Bo-Tao , Liu Jie , Li Shuang , Chen Ya-Rui , Xie Tao-Yang
Published: June 2022

Background. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an acquired autoimmune disease. The main clinical features of MG are skeletal muscle fatigue and pathological fatigue, which worsen at night or after fatigue, such as dyspnea, dysphagia, and systemic weakness. Plasma exchange (PE) is often used in patients with acute exacerbation of MG. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a collection of immunoglobulins from thousands of donors. IVIG can replace a variety of immunosuppressants or PE. However, the effect of PE or IVIG on patients’ consciousness, immune function, and prognosis is not clear. Objective. A prospective randomized test of the effects of PE combined with immunoglobulin on consciousness, immune function, and prognosis in patients with myasthenia gravis crisis (MGC). Methods. Sixty patients with MGC treated from February 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled in our hospital. The cases who received PE were set as the PE group, and those who received PE combined with immunoglobulin were set as the PE+immunoglobulin group. The efficacy, clinical score, state of consciousness, immune function, acetylcholine receptor antibody (AChR-Ab), lymphocyte (LYM), albumin (ALB) levels, and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared. Results. The improvement rate was 100.005% in the treatment group and 83.33% in the PE group. After treatment, the clinical score of the PE+immunoglobulin group was lower than that of the PE group, and the clinical relative score of the PE+immunoglobulin group was higher than that of the PE group (

P
<
0.05

). The number of conscious people in the PE+immunoglobulin group was more than that in the PE group (

P
<
0.05

). Immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin G in the PE+immunoglobulin group were higher than those in the PE group (

P
<
0.05

). The levels of AChR-Ab and ALB in the PE+immunoglobulin group were higher than those in the PE group, while the level of LYM in the PE+immunoglobulin group was lower than that in the PE group. The incidence of skin system, gastrointestinal system, nervous system, and systemic damage in the PE+immunoglobulin group was lower than that in the PE group (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The treatment of MGC with PE combined with immunoglobulin can not only effectively enhance the consciousness and immune function of patients but also effectively promote the prognosis, and the safety of treatment can be guaranteed.
The Effects of Er Xian Decoction Combined with Baduanjin Exercise on Bone Mineral Density, Lower Limb Balance Function, and Mental Health in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Li Keqiang , Yu Hongli , Lin Xiaojun , Su Yuying , Gao Lifeng , Song Minjia , Fan Hongying , Krokosz Daniel , Yang Huixin , Lipowski Mariusz
Published: June 2022

Background. Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common disease in older women that can severely jeopardize their health. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of Er xian decoction (EXD) or Baduanjin exercise (BE) on PMOP. However, reports on the effect of EXD combined with BE on PMOP are limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of EXD combined with BE on bone mineral density (BMD), lower limb balance, and mental health in women with PMOP. Methods. A 1 : 1 : 1 simple randomization technique was employed. Fifty participants with postmenopausal osteoporosis were allocated to three groups: the EXD group (EXD = 15); the BE group (BE = 18); and the combined group (EXD + BE = 17). After both 8 weeks and 16 weeks of intervention treatment, participants improved significantly with respect to BMD and the one-leg standing test (OLST), Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up and go (TUG) test, self-anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). The results were used to compare the effect of the intervention on BMD, lower limb balance function, and mental health in patients with PMOP. Results. Compared to the EXD and BE groups, the EXD + BE group showed the strongest effects on BMD, lower limb balance function, and mental health (p<0.01). A correlation between BMD and lower limb balance and mental health was noted in the EXD + BE group. The change in mental health (SAS score) was correlated with BMD (femoral neck) improvement. Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that EXD combined with BE (EXD + BE) may have a therapeutic advantage over both monotherapies for treating BMD, lower limb balance function, and mental health in patients with PMOP. The feasibility of the approach for a large-scale RCT was also confirmed. Er xian decoction combined with Baduanjin exercise (EXD + BE) might offer a viable treatment alternative for participants with postmenopausal osteoporosis given its promising effects in disease control and treatment, with good efficacy and safety profiles.
Vocational Therapy of Physical Training for Children’s Learning Motivation and Psychological Cognition
Authors: Du Geng , Tao Tao
Published: June 2022

Childhood is an essential length for the formation and improvement of people’s quite a number of psychological abilities; however, due to the damaging consequences of heredity, disease, surroundings, and education, it will carry poor outcomes to the ordinary improvement of kid’s psychology. Good body satisfactory and wholesome psychology are vital which ensure to adapt to social competition. Carrying out suitable body exercise can decorate students’ horrible psychological conditions, alter kid’s negative emotions, promote students’ intellectual enchantment, and enhance students’ willpower. This paper researches the relationship between kid’s gaining knowledge of motivation and psychological cognition and sports activity education occupational therapy, tries to discover out the influence of kid’s studying motivation and psychological cognition on kid’s sports activity coaching occupational therapy, analyses kid’s sports coaching motivation from inside causes, and focuses on how to make college students extra inclined from controlling motivation to self-sustaining motivation, so that college students are inclined to take part in finding out about sports activities and structuring a robust activity in body education.
Design of 3D Hybrid Plant Extract/Marine and Bovine Collagen Matrixes as Potential Dermal Scaffolds for Skin Wound Healing
Authors: Lahmar Aida , Rjab Maroua , Sioud Fairouz , Selmi Mouna , Salek Abir , Kilani-Jaziri Soumaya , Chekir Ghedira Leila
Published: June 2022

Tissue engineering involves the use of smart biomimetic hybrid matrices to reinforce the cellular interaction with the matrix and restore native properties after regeneration. In this study, we highlight the potential of 3D collagen sponges soaked with bioactive extract, to enhance the wound healing process in vivo. Acid-soluble collagen from two sources, marine and bovine, were extracted and characterized physiochemically using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SDS-PAGE. Our results confirmed that the extracted collagens were mainly composed of collagen type I with slight molecular structure differences. Both collagens present two different α chains (α1 and α2) and one β chain. Highly interconnected 3D scaffolds from collagen from the skin are designed and added by the widely known healing plants Pistacia lentiscus and Calendula officinalis. The resulting 3D collagen matrices possess fine biocompatibility with skin cells, Hacat (keratinocytes), and 3T3-L1 (fibroblasts) cells. To evaluate the potential wound healing effect, a collagen sponge soaked with the bioactive extract was tested on BALB/c mice. Our findings confirmed that sponges significantly improve animal re-epithelialization by increasing wound closure. Consequently, spongy collagen scaffolds loaded with Pistacia lentiscus and Calendula officinalis could be used as potential wound dressing material.
Semianalytical Solution for Thermal Consolidation of Viscoelastic Marine Clay with the Fractional Order Derivative
Authors: Wen Minjie , Li Lichen , Qiu Xinchen , Tian Yi , Wang Kuihua , Liu Kaifu , Wu Wenbing
Published: June 2022

The deformation property of marine clay under a heat source has received considerable attention in the geotechnical literature. In this paper, a three‐parameter fractional order derivative model is introduced into the thermo‐hydro‐mechanical coupling governing equations with thermal filtration and thermo‐osmosis to simulate viscoelastic characteristics of marine clay. The excess pore pressure, temperature increment, and displacement of marine clay are derived by using the Laplace transform method, and the semianalytical solution for the one‐dimensional thermal consolidation in the time domain is derived by using a numerical inversion of the inverse Laplace transform. The influence of the order of the fractional derivative, material parameters, and phenomenological coefficient on thermal consolidation is investigated based on the present solutions. It is shown that the influence of the fractional derivative parameter on the excess pore pressure and displacement of marine clay depends on the properties of soil mass, and the temperature increment has an obvious effect on the thermal filtration and thermo‐osmosis process.
Analysis of Athletes’ Training Characteristics Based on Action Statistics of Image Processing
Authors: Li Haozhen , Hu Ruizhe
Published: June 2022

Sports and physical exercise are so closely related that they cannot be described separately. The standardization of physical movements requires athletes to constantly improve their planning. Only when they approach the standard, the improvement of sports level is just around the corner. However, the traditional training standard method is limited by human factors and backward technology, and there are many drawbacks, and athletes’ training cannot reach the best state. In this paper, image deblurring is processed to get the reconstruction model of high-resolution image. Through the experiment on the statistics of the competition, the movement of transfer, out of bounds and arm holding in the standing stage, and the movement of rolling bridge and lifting and holding in the kneeling stage are predicted and prevented. For 55 kg, the key to win is the rolling bridge and lifting action; 60 kg attaches importance to the importance of tactical defense. These two lightweight competitions focus on comprehensive training, while the 120 kg heavyweight competition is more in pursuit of strength. Finally, the experiment runs well, and the data and effect can meet the design goal of this paper. The specific details of the optimization and improvement need to be improved in the next step.
Photoperiod Sensitivity and Variability of Agromorphological Traits and Brix Content of Sweet Sorghum Cultivated in Burkina Faso under Two Sowing Dates
Authors: Sawadogo N. , Tiendrebéogo J. , Naoura G. , Béré T. L. K. , Tondé W. H. , Sawadogo B. , Bationo-Kando P.
Published: June 2022

Sweet sorghum is mainly cultivated for the sweetness of its stems and the quality of its fodder. Unfortunately, its cultivation is gradually being abandoned in Burkina Faso due to climatic hazards. In a general context of strong variations in the rainfall regime, it is, therefore, important to determine the effect of the sowing period on the expression of agromorphological traits and Brix content. Thus, 29 sweet sorghum accessions were evaluated using 15 quantitative variables in a three-replicate Fisher block design with two sowing dates spaced 25 days apart. The results of the study showed that only stalk length (pr. = 0.519) and internode length (pr. = 0.367) were not significantly influenced by sowing date. Indeed, delayed sowing resulted in an increase in the number of vegetative (+2.44) and useful (+1.3) tillers, as well as Brix (+1.16%). However, a reduction in leaf area (−4.35 cm × 1.43 cm), plant height (−85.69 cm), panicle length (−2.63 cm), and panicle weight (−6.19 g), as well as a reduction in the sowing-to-flowering cycle from 3 to 21 days, was obtained at the second sowing date. Thus, all accessions are sensitive to photoperiod with photoperiodic coefficients varying from 0.19 (GB02) to 0.93 (BSA5). These results could be exploited in the sweet sorghum improvement program.
Yield and Coverage of Active Case Finding Interventions for Tuberculosis Control:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Deya Ruth W. , Masese Linnet N. , Jaoko Walter , Muhwa Jeremiah Chakaya , Mbugua Lilian , Horne David J. , Graham Susan M.
Published: June 2022

Background. Active case finding (ACF) for tuberculosis (TB) is a key strategy to reduce diagnostic delays, expedite treatment, and prevent transmission. Objective. Our objective was to identify the populations, settings, screening and diagnostic approaches that optimize coverage (proportion of those targeted who were screened) and yield (proportion of those screened who had active TB) in ACF programs. Methods. We performed a comprehensive search to identify studies published from 1980-2016 that reported the coverage and yield of different ACF approaches. For each outcome, we conducted meta-analyses of single proportions to produce estimates across studies, followed by meta-regression to identify predictors. Findings. Of 3,972 publications identified, 224 met criteria after full-text review. Most individuals who were targeted successfully completed screening, for a pooled coverage estimate of 93.5%. The pooled yield of active TB across studies was 3.2%. Settings with the highest yield were internally-displaced persons camps (15.6%) and healthcare facilities (6.9%). When compared to symptom screening as the reference standard, studies that screened individuals regardless of symptoms using microscopy, culture, or GeneXpert®MTB/RIF (Xpert) had 3.7% higher case yield. In particular, microbiological screening (usually microscopy) as the initial test, followed by culture or Xpert for diagnosis had 3.6% higher yield than symptom screening followed by microscopy for diagnosis. In a model adjusted for use of Xpert testing, approaches targeting persons living with HIV (PLWH) had a 4.9% higher yield than those targeting the general population. In all models, studies targeting children had higher yield (4.8%-5.7%) than those targeting adults. Conclusion. ACF activities can be implemented successfully in various populations and settings. Screening yield was highest in internally-displaced person and healthcare settings, and among PLWH and children. In high-prevalence settings, ACF approaches that screen individuals with laboratory tests regardless of symptoms have higher yield than approaches focused on symptomatic individuals.
Concept of Environmental Communications in the Environmental Rewards Mechanism to Build Harmonic Relations Between the Hulu – Hilir Communities in the Cidanau Watershed
Authors: Winangsih Rahmi , Mulyasih Rahmi , Berthanila Rethorika , Fuqoha F , Marthalena M , Firdausi Indrianti Azhar
Published: June 2022

Environmental communication is indispensable for human development at this time, this cannot be separated from the declining quality and quantity of natural resources in the community. Therefore, the mechanism for rewarding environmental services is a new system that can support the preservation of the environment because the reward for environmental services will form cooperation between the upstream community as a group that maintains and preserves the environment so that the environmental ecosystem is maintained with downstream communities who enjoy natural resources that are protected by the community. upstream. The purpose of this research is to focus more on how FKDC can implement environmental communication so that communication between upstream and downstream communities can be harmoniously established. The results of the research show that the environmental communication implemented by FKDC is running optimally, this can be seen from the environmental service mechanism process that has been running for ten years
Digital Health–Enabled Clinical Trials in Stroke: Ready for Prime Time?
Authors: Berwanger Otavio , Machline-Carrion M. Julia
Published: June 2022

As stroke continues to represent a major global health care problem, advancing our knowledge of new effective and safe stroke interventions represents a public health priority. The identification of these therapies requires the conduct of high-quality and well-powered randomized clinical trials. Despite its potential to inform clinical practice, traditional randomized clinical trial models have their drawbacks, including elevated costs, long completion times, failure to recruit the target sample sizes, lack of diversity, and complex operational procedures. Therefore, improving the participants’ experience and trials’ overall efficiency constitutes an important unmet need. Innovative models such as virtual and decentralized patient-centric trials have been proposed as a valuable strategy in this pursuit. In this narrative review, we discuss the limitations of traditional randomized clinical trial models and present the concept, advantages, and challenges of decentralized digitally enabled approaches to the conduct of stroke clinical trials.
Normalization of Aperiodic Electrocorticography Components Indicates Fine Motor Recovery After Sensory Cortical Stroke in Mice
Authors: Biskamp Jonatan , Isla Cainzos Sara , Higgen Focko L. , Gerloff Christian , Magnus Tim
Published: June 2022

Background:

Electrophysiological signatures of ischemic stroke might help to develop a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of recovery. However, to identify critical windows for novel treatment approaches, suitable readout parameters in vivo with the potential to close the gap between functional modifications within the peri-infarct cortex and behavioral outcome on the systems-level are still lacking.

Methods:

Wild-type mice were trained in a skilled reaching task and underwent permanent distal medial cerebral artery occlusion or sham intervention. Functional deficits and their recovery were monitored both behaviorally and electrophysiologically recording multichannel electrocorticography from both hemispheres.

Results:

Ischemic strokes are located in sensory cortical areas. Affected mice presented fine motor deficits of their contralateral forepaw. Analyses of electrocorticography signals from awake animals demonstrated a modulation of the shape of power spectral density in the vicinity of the infarct. While power spectral density consists of both rhythmic oscillatory and nonrhythmic, aperiodic components, the alteration of spectrum shape was reflected in a transient increase of aperiodic exponents in the peri-infarct cortex. The relative power and frequency of slow oscillations remained unchanged. Exponents derived from motor areas significantly correlated with fine motor recovery, thus indicating functional modifications of neuronal activity.

Conclusions:

Aperiodic spectral exponents exhibited a unique spatiotemporal profile in the mouse cortex after stroke and might complement future translational studies providing a dynamic link from pathophysiology to behavior.
Beefy Outlaws: Beef Consumption in Water Margin and Its Song-Yuan Antecedents
Authors: Yue Isaac
Published: June 2022

When it comes to the favorite food of the outlaws of Mount Liang, beef is the undisputed champion. The 120-chapter edition of Water Margin has nearly 50 scenes that depict the heroes feasting heartily on beef. The next most frequently evoked type of meat is mutton, but the number of times it is mentioned is only half that of beef and the relevant scenes are depicted with far less detail. Because cattle slaughter and the sale of beef were strictly forbidden during the Song dynasty, an expanding community of researchers considers this choice of food as a subtle reflection of the bandits’ defiance of law and order. However, this school of thought has yet to sufficiently take into account several elements, including the extent to which this law was enforced during the Song dynasty, when the adventures of Song Jiang and his sworn brothers took place; society’s attitude toward beef consumption during this same period; the compilation of the novel in the Ming dynasty and the author’s awareness of historical facts; and the limited presence of beef in the Song-Yuan antecedents of the novel.

Taking these points into consideration, this article reexamines the motif of beef consumption in Water Margin and the development of this theme through a historical lens. To do so, it first focuses on the legal issues pertaining to cattle slaughter and the sale of beef during the Song dynasty. Particular attention is paid to the enforcement of relevant laws and the circulation and popularity of black-market beef during this period. Then, it highlights the discrepancies between the way in which beef consumption is presented in the Ming novel and historical facts, followed by a discussion of the portrayal of meat consumption in Yuan dramas featuring Song Jiang and his gang of outlaws. In the end, by thoroughly considering the presentation of food in the developmental history of Water Margin, from Yuan dramas to the Ming novel, this article sheds light on the importance of this subject as a literary motif in medieval Chinese literature.
The Elusive zemskii sbor, or: Taxation without Representation in Russian Turkestan?
Authors: Penati Beatrice
Published: June 2022

Historiography on the sblizhenie effort is abundant, as is the scholarship on the variable geometries of citizenship (grazhdanstvennost’) in reference to Tsarist Turkestan and to other parts of the Russian empire. More generally, the existence of local self-government organs, or zemstva, gradually introduced across parts of the empire from the 1860s onwards, was indeed one of the proxies for the degree of integration of a certain province or gubernia within the imperial fabric. Crucially, the zemstva were responsible for raising and spending a specific local tax, the zemskii sbor, which could be used for various tasks often close to the heart of local communities and their elites, from infrastructure to schooling and public hygiene. In Turkestan, zemstva did not exist when Lykoshin or Pahlen were writing – and were not established even during the revolution. The zemskii sbor, however, was regularly collected. This essay explains how the zemskii sbor was calculated and paid in Turkestan – an aspect still murky in the extant historiography. This is done on the basis of published and archival documents which include quantitative data, especially templates of tax ledgers and budgetary compilations, as well as by commenting on several flashpoints in the history of this tax in the region. The relation between the zemskii sbor and other levies is also clarified. In addition, the last part of the essay identifies how the revenue from the zemskii sbor was spent in Turkestan, and how this changed over time in the last decades of colonial rule. Knowing how the money was spent is relevant for understanding the implications of the absence of local government organs to preside over such expenditure.
Becoming Behbudiy
Authors: Welsford Thomas
Published: June 2022

Mahmud Khwajah b. Bihbud Khwajah, more commonly known to posterity as Behbudiy, is widely regarded as a foundational figure in the Muslim reformist movement that took shape in early 20th-century Turkestan. But while an inordinate number of studies have discussed his journalistic, literary, pedagogical and political activities, very little work has been done to consider his legal career. Drawing on a range of archival materials held at the Uzbekistan Central State Archive, the present article explores Behbudiy’s activities as a Muslim jurist, and shows how a better understanding of these activities can help to contextualise, and in some cases to ironise, the political vision he articulated in his well-known writings. The article concludes by considering the currently ongoing debate between those historians of modern Central Asia who emphasise the significance of Behbudiy and other so-called Jadids and those who reject such a view, and suggests that the picture of Behbudiy that emerges from our archivally-focused study offers a point of congruence between these two contending opinions.
From Folk Epics to Epic Monuments: Studying and Publishing Epic Lore in the Soviet Union (1920s–1960s)
Authors: Jacquesson Svetlana
Published: June 2022

In this article, I problematize the existing analyses of the 1952 conference on the Manas epic either as a salvage operation conducted by USSR Academy of Sciences or as a locally mounted defence in response to the party-led offensive against Turkic national epics. I argue that notwithstanding the efforts invested in the elaboration of a distinctively Soviet approach to the study of folklore – an approach of a Marxist-Leninist extraction articulated around the concept of “folkness” – in the case of epics the boundary between “folk” and “national” remained blurred and easily instrumentalized, both by the detractors of epic lore and by its defenders. Until the early 1950s this blurred boundary led to frequent and abrupt movements between celebrating epics and castigating them, movements that were as much contingent on USSR domestic policies as on its frantic desire to distance Soviet scholarly traditions from “bourgeois” science. I also posit that because of the uncertain boundary between “folk” and “national” and the propensity of these concepts to feed from and spill into politics and geopolitics, the “solution” to the 1952 crisis, pace Bennigsen (1975), could not have been political. Instead, the 1952 Manas conference helped save epic lore in the Soviet Union only to the extent that it triggered a series of follow-up events at which metropolitan scholars reconceptualised epic lore from folk epics that were crucial for the identity of Soviet nations and the vitality of their national literatures to “epic monuments” that were irreversibly consigned to the past. Such a reconceptualization helped solve some of the dilemmas pestering the work of epic scholars and reassert the renown of the Soviet Union as the land of epic treasure trove.
Down and Out in Khandu and Qarakhoja: An Autobiography from Late Qing Turfan
Authors: Schluessel Eric
Published: June 2022

In the summer of 2014, I ran across a short (21-folio) manuscript in the collection of the Institute for Oriental Manuscripts (Institut Vostochnix Rukopisiei) in St. Petersburg, Russia. The Dmitrieva catalog of Turkic manuscripts at the IVR describes the manuscript as follows: “Autograph by a poor man from Qarakhoja in Xinjiang with information about the life of Uyghurs at that time.” It was written in or before 1909. Qarakhoja is a town in the Turfan Depression in eastern Xinjiang, and this text is a memoir or autobiography of a literate but not wealthy man named Obulmahdi (Abū ‘l-Mahdī), recounting his life from his childhood in the 1850s through the first decade of the twentieth century. It presents a record of a complex life on the margins of society in the last years of the Qing empire’s (1636/44–1912) rule in Xinjiang.
At the Coronation! A Khivan Ambassador Makes It to Moscow (1762)
Authors: Abdurasulov Ulfat , Sartori Paolo
Published: June 2022

Based on documentary material collected from the archives in Astrakhan and Moscow, the present article sheds light on a Khivan embassy to Moscow in 1762 for the coronation of Empress Catherine II. Prior to this diplomatic mission, Khivan diplomats had sought with little success to be granted access to the Romanovs’ court. While this mission was little different from those that preceded it, the political circumstances in Russia within which it took place were significantly distinct; and against this political backdrop, the mission seems to have acquired unexpected significance. Indeed, the visit of the Khivan envoy in 1762 was clearly welcomed by Catherine herself who, lacking any legal claim to the Romanov throne – either by heredity or by designation – was eager to attract as many foreign emissaries to her coronation ceremony as possible. Yet the proposals of the Khivan envoy regarding the current state of trade across the Caspian Sea elicited great interest and were embraced by some factions at court. In this article we recount the story of this embassy and present several documents originally written in eighteenth-century Cyrillic handwriting (skoropis’) which surround this specific diplomatic encounter.
First record of a deep-sea tardigrade from the South China Sea, Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Halechiniscidae)
Authors: BAI LIFEN , WANG XIAOGU , GAO XIAOHUI , LI YUJIE , FONTOURA PAULO
Published: June 2022

The knowledge of marine tardigrades in the South China Sea (Western Pacific Ocean) is very scarce, with only four species from shallow waters recorded until now. The first deep-sea (1530–1624 m bsl) tardigrade species from this sea, Halechiniscus janus sp. nov. (Arthrotardigrada: Halechiniscidae), is described here. Specimens of the new species have four wrinkled digits without peduncles on each leg, terminated by simple crescent-shaped claws, and primary clavae clearly shorter than cirri A, both inserted on a common cirrophore, as typical for the genus Halechiniscus Richters, 1908. The new species differs from all other Halechiniscus species by its cylindrical body and conical head; by the presence of semispherical secondary clavae, and by sensory organs on legs IV consisting of a short cirrophore followed by a short papilla terminated in a peculiar short bipartite tip. The discovery of this new bathyal species, with its peculiar morphological traits, brings new insights not only to the biogeography and ecology of tardigrades, but also to the understanding of the only partially resolved systematics of the diversified family Halechiniscidae.
Special Non-Newtonian Third-Grade Fluid Flow with Magnetic Field: A Numerical Study
Authors: Wahiduzzaman Mohammad
Published: June 2022

The Buongiorno model is utilized for the non-Newtonian third-grade fluid. With non-linear radiation and magnetic action, it incorporates both Brownian motion and thermophoresis processes. Aim this research is to look at non-Newtonian third-grade fluid boundary layer flow with non-linear
solar energy thermal radiation and the magnetic effect. The similarity transformation is used to convert nonlinear PDEs into ODEs. Then numerically solved by shooting technique and the sixth-order R-K method. For various physical parameters, derived findings are graphically discussed. We believe
that the current findings can be utilized to explain the non-Newtonian properties of second and third-grade fluids, as well as for applications in tribology, the automobile industry, and other fields.
On the Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Peristaltic Flow of a Hyperbolic Tangent Fluid in a Tapered Asymmetric Channel
Authors: Naduvinamani N. B. , Guttedar Anita Siddayya , Devindrappa Laxmi
Published: June 2022

We have considered the peristaltic mechanism of incompressible viscous hyperbolic tangent fluid with the impact of uniform magnetic field. The tapered asymmetric channel is assumed to be designed due to a peristaltic wave train on the non uniform walls taking different amplitudes and
phase. This model anticipates the shear thinning phenomenon very precisely and are being used frequently in laboratory experiments and industries. Here we consider the Reynolds number to be small enough and wavelength for simplification of two dimensional equations of a hyperbolic tangent
fluid. The non-linear governing equations for the tangent hyperbolic fluid are solved by utilising Regular perturbation methodology. The exact solutions for the pressure gradient and pressure rise are determined analytically. Its behaviour is discussed computationally with reference to different
physical parameters.
Analysing the Exponentially Varying Viscosity of Micropolar Carreau Nanofluid Flow with Variable Fluid Properties in Stretching Porous Sheet
Authors: Rama Devi Sagiraju Veera Venkata , Reddy Machireddy Gnaneswara
Published: June 2022

In this study, the researchers assumed a thermal energy system with variable controlling properties, mainly like varying viscosity parameters, and power-law index, which has an impact on the overall procedure. Variable thermo-physical features of induced magnetic field on Carreau flow
settled with micropolar nanofluid are explored on account of wide range of applications. The micropolar fluids theory focuses on a type of fluids that have tiny effects resulting from the fluid’s micro-motions. Evaluating an micropolar nanofluid’s electrically conducting flows
in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) by virtue of the thermal device is crucial in present metalworking and metallurgy processes. Therefore, the proposed research came with a novel method of neural network with optimization technique also to calculate the accurate result of varying parameters. The
obtained differential equation with partial derivatives is transformed into differential equations with ordinary coefficients using the transformation functions. Consecutively, the differential equations with ordinary coefficients are solved using the solution methods of Adam predictor collector
and Runge Kutta Fehlberg methods. The thermal extrusion system includes profiles of angular velocity, velocity, concentration, magnetic field, and temperature, in addition to the governing parameters for each. The effectiveness of values acquired by the solution approach was inadequate to
continue the investigation, thus a neural network based quaternion values technique was used in solving differential equations to obtain the optimized values of the novel parameters studied in this research. The Mat Lab software is used to carry out for this research’s execution. The
research focuses on the varying parameter of viscosity of the nanofluid, therefore the profiles considered was resultant as that the concentration, temperature, and angular velocity profiles decreases as the values of 0.233886, 0.220491, and 0.107346 in addition to a rise in viscosity parameter.
However, the velocity rises with the value of 0.970122 as the viscosity parameter values are steadily increased. The effect of utilizing a genetic algorithm based quaternion neural network to optimise the values of the result is compared to two other optimization strategies (MLP + GA and MLP
+ GD), moreover to the solved numerical values. The novel optimization technique with neural networks gives a better result than the existing methods and the solved numerical values. As a result, this study examined at the MHD based micropolar Carreau nanofluid’s mass and heat transfer
on a permeable stretching surface of an induced magnetic field, and it came up with accurate values optimised by a novel neural network model with a genetic algorithm, which gives less error in training and testing data.