bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shortening the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) from 42 items to 18 items
Authors: Kuijlaars Isolde A. R. , van der Net Janjaap , Buckner Tyler W. , Kempton Christine L. , Schutgens Roger E. G. , Fischer Kathelijn
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) was developed to measure activities and participation in persons with haemophilia (PWH). Shortening the questionnaire may facilitate use of the HAL.

Aim

The aim of this study was to determine which items of the HAL are redundant, to construct a shorter version of the HAL, and to determine the construct validity of the HALshort.

Methods

A secondary analysis was performed on pooled data of two published studies using the HAL (seven domains, 42 items, optimum score: 100) in adults with haemophilia A/B. Data were divided into a derivation (62%) and a validation set (38%). Redundant items were identified by evaluation of: floor and ceiling effects, proportions of missing and ‘not applicable’ responses, inter‐item correlations, component loadings in an exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, and item‐total correlations. Correlations with the SF‐36 and EQ‐5D‐5L were used to determine construct validity of the HALshort.

Results

Data on 680 PWH were evaluated. In the derivation dataset (n = 420), median age was 30 years (range 18–80), 43% had severe haemophilia and 61% received prophylaxis. Median (IQR) HAL sum score was 65.0 (55.7–88.8). The stepwise procedure resulted in a HALshort of 18 items with a median sum score of 63.3 (54.4–86.7). Construct validity was similar for the HAL and HALshort in the validation dataset (n = 260).

Conclusion

This clinimetric study resulted in a >50% shortening of the HAL. The 18‐item HALshort reduces patient burden and is expected to capture the information on activities and participation. The HALshort needs further validation.
Glypican‐1 as a target for fluorescence molecular imaging of bladder cancer
Authors: Polikarpov Dmitry M , Campbell Douglas H , Zaslavsky Alexander B , Lund Maria E , Wu Angela , Lu Yanling , Palapattu Ganesh S , Walsh Bradley J , Zvyagin Andrei V , Gillatt David A
Published: September 2021

Objectives

To investigate whether anti‐glypican‐1 antibody Miltuximab conjugated with near‐infrared dye IRDye800CW can be used for in vivo fluorescence imaging of urothelial carcinoma.

Methods

The conjugate, Miltuximab‐IRDye800CW, was produced and characterized by size exclusion chromatography and flow cytometry with glypican‐1‐expressing cells. Balb/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous urothelial carcinoma xenografts were intravenously injected with Miltuximab‐IRDye800CW or control IgG‐IRDye800CW and imaged daily by fluorescence imaging. After 10 days, tumors and major organs were collected for ex vivo study of the conjugate biodistribution, including its accumulation in the tumor.

Results

The intravenous injection of Miltuximab‐IRDye800CW to tumor‐bearing mice showed its specific accumulation in the tumors with the tumor‐to‐background ratio of 12.7 ± 2.4, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (4.6 ± 0.9, P < 0.005). The ex vivo imaging was consistent with the in vivo findings, with tumors from the mice injected with Miltuximab‐IRDye800CW being significantly brighter than the organs or the control tumors.

Conclusions

The highly specific accumulation and retention of Miltuximab‐IRDye800CW in glypican‐1‐expressing tumors in vivo shows its high potential for fluorescence imaging of urothelial carcinoma and warrants its further investigation toward clinical translation.
Microstructure evolution and mechanical behavior of a mullite fiber heat‐treated from 1100 to 1300°C
Authors: Zhang Wen , Yang Xiang , Huang Ming , Zhi‐hang Peng
Published: September 2021

In this paper, the effect of phase transformation on microstructure evolution and mechanical behaviors of mullite fibers was well investigated from 1100 to 1300°C. In such a narrow temperature range, the microstructure and mechanical properties showed great changes, which were significant to be studied. The temperature of the alumina phase transformation started at below 1100°C. The main phases in fibers were γ‐Al2O3 and δ‐Al2O3 with amorphous SiO2 at 1150°C. The stable α‐Al2O3 formed at 1200°C. Then the mullite phase reaction occurred. As the alumina phase reaction took place, the tensile strength increased with the increasing temperature. In particular, the filaments achieved the highest strength at 1150°C with 1.98 ± 0.17 GPa, and the Young's modulus was 163.08 ± 4.69 GPa, showing excellent mechanical performance. After 1200°C, the mullite phase reaction went on with the crystallization of orthorhombic mullite. The density of surface defects increased rapidly due to thermal grooving, which led to mechanical properties degrade sharply. The strength at 1200°C was 1.01 ± 0.15 GPa with a strength retention of 63.13%, and the Young's modulus was 184.14 ± 10.36 GPa. While at 1300°C, the tensile strength was 0.64 ± 0.14 GPa with a strength retention of only 40.00%.
Salt intake and salt‐reduction strategies in South Asia: From evidence to action
Authors: Ghimire Kamal , Mishra Shiva Raj , Satheesh Gautam , Neupane Dinesh , Sharma Abhishek , Panda Rajmohan , Kallestrup Per , Mclachlan Craig S
Published: September 2021

The World Health Organization recommends salt reduction as a cost‐effective intervention to prevent noncommunicable diseases. Salt‐reduction interventions are best tailored to the local context, taking into consideration the varying baseline salt‐intake levels, population's knowledge, attitude, and behaviors. Fundamental to reduction programs is the source of dietary salt‐intake. In South Asian countries, there is a paucity of such baseline evidence around factors that contribute to community salt intake. Upon reviewing the electronic literature databases and government websites through March 31, 2021, we summarized dietary salt intake levels and aimed to identify major sources of sodium in the diet. Information on the current salt reduction strategies in eight South Asian countries were summarized, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. One hundred twelve publications (out of identified 640) met our inclusion‐exclusion criteria for full text review. Twenty‐one studies were included in the review. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the US National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool. The primary result revealed that mean salt intake of South Asian countries was approximately twice (10 g/day) compared to WHO recommended intake (< 5 g/day). The significant proportion of salt intake is derived from salt additions during cooking and/or discretionary use at table. In most South Asian countries, there is limited data on population sodium intake based on 24‐h urinary methods and sources of dietary salt in diet. While salt reduction initiatives have been proposed in these countries, they are yet to be fully implemented and evaluated. Proven salt reduction strategies in high‐income countries could possibly be replicated in South Asian countries; however, further community‐health promotion studies are necessary to test the effectiveness and scalability of those strategies in the local context.
Landscape composition and configuration affect bees in the olive agroecosystem
Authors: Pascual Susana
Published: September 2021

Olive groves constitute a landscape that covers a large area in the Mediterranean basin, with essential economic importance, but which can also have environmental importance if an olive grove landscape is designed that favours populations of beneficial insects. Bees are also essential from an economic and environmental viewpoint and are in increasing decline. This work aimed to determine the landscape parameters in the olive agroecosystem that favour bee populations. Fifteen olive groves were sampled in central Spain throughout 2015 and 2016. Bees belonging to 6 families and 24 genera were captured. The most numerous family was Halictidae, and the most numerous genus Lasioglossum. The parameter that mostly affected the abundance and richness of bee genera was the scrubland area (CAMME), with a positive effect. The olive grove area (CAO) had a negative effect in general, although the responses of the different families vary slightly. The configuration of the landscape (MSI) also positively affected bees, which indicates the importance of maintaining linear elements with wild vegetation, to contribute to the maintenance of these important insects. Environmental conditions can affect the importance of olive grove as a supplier of resources for bees, being greater in dry and warm years.
Setting realistic expectations for an innovative program of home‐based care for vulnerable older persons
Authors: Gill Thomas M.
Published: September 2021

This editorial comments on the article by Szanton et al.
Actual needs and perceived supply of nursing supportive care among patients with cancer in mainland China: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Song Yongxia , Li Jingru , Feng Yuan , Li Shuwen , Hong Jingfang
Published: September 2021

Aim

Nurses are considered a major source of professional support for patients. However, little is known about what cancer patients need from nurses regarding professional support and the provision of services in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate professional nursing supportive care needs, perceived supply, and the possible gaps between the two for patients with cancer in mainland China.

Methods

A total of 390 inpatients with different types of cancer were recruited. The professional nursing supportive care scale was used to assess the needs for and perceived supply of various types of support.

Results

The information aspect was one of the most critical needs for supportive care, and the technical aspect was the one with the highest perceived level of supply. Significant mismatches between actual needs and perceived supply were identified.

Conclusions

Significant gaps existed between actual needs and perceived supply. Nurses should pay more attention to the higher actual needs and lower perceived levels of supply regarding supportive care for cancer patients.
Morphine‐induced kinase activation and localization in the periaqueductal gray of male and female mice
Authors: Ram Akila , Edwards Taylor M. , McCarty Ashley , McDermott Max V. , Bobeck Erin N.
Published: September 2021

Morphine is a potent opioid analgesic with high propensity for the development of antinociceptive tolerance. Morphine antinociception and tolerance are partially regulated by the midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). However, the majority of research evaluating mu‐opioid receptor signaling has focused on males. Here, we investigate kinase activation and localization patterns in the vlPAG following acute and chronic morphine treatment in both sexes. Male and female mice developed rapid antinociceptive tolerance to morphine (10 mg/kg i.p.) on the hot plate assay, but tolerance did not develop in males on the tail flick assay. Quantitative fluorescence immunohistochemistry was used to map and evaluate the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2), protein kinase‐C (PKC), and protein kinase‐A (PKA). We observed significantly greater phosphorylated ERK 1/2 in the vlPAG of chronic morphine‐treated animals which co‐localized with the endosomal marker, Eea1. We note that pPKC is significantly elevated in the vlPAG of both sexes following chronic morphine treatment. We also observed that although PKA activity is elevated following chronic morphine treatment in both sexes, there is a significant reduction in the nuclear translocation of its phosphorylated substrate. Taken together, this study demonstrates increased activation of ERK 1/2, PKC, and PKA in response to repeated morphine treatment. The study opens avenues to explore the impact of chronic morphine treatment on G‐protein signaling and kinase nuclear transport.

image
Craniofacial orientation and parietal bone morphology in adult modern humans
Authors: Pereira‐Pedro Ana Sofia , Bruner Emiliano
Published: September 2021

In adult humans, the orbits vary mostly in their orientation in relation to the frontal bone profile, while the orientation of the cranial base and face are associated with the anteroposterior dimensions of the parietal bone. Here we investigate the effect of parietal bone length on the orientation of the orbits, addressing craniofacial integration and head orientation. We applied shape analysis to a sample of computed tomography scans from 30 adult modern humans, capturing the outlines of the parietal and frontal bones, the orbits, and the lateral and midline cranial base, to investigate shape variation, covariation, and modularity. Results show that the orientation of the orbits varies in accordance with the anterior cranial base, and in association with changes in parietal bone longitudinal extension. Flatter, elongated parietal bones are associated with downwardly oriented orbits and cranial bases. Modularity analysis points to a significant integration among the orbits, anterior cranial base, and the frontal profile. While the orbits are morphologically integrated with the adjacent structures in terms of shape, the association with parietal bone size depends on the spatial relationship between the two blocks. Complementary changes in orbit and parietal bone might play a role in accommodating craniofacial variability and may contribute to maintain the functional axis of the head. To better understand how skull morphology and head posture relate, future studies should account for the spatial relationship between the head and the neck.
Fracture Resistance of Titanium and Fiber Dental Posts: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Qi Chong Hui , Sayed Mohammed E. , Johari Yanti , Ariffin Zaihan
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The fracture resistance of dental post systems is influenced by the material of the post. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to assess if there is a difference in fracture resistance between prefabricated dental titanium posts and fiber posts.

Methods

An online electronic search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for in vitro studies published from 2010 to 2020 in English. The retrieved eligible studies that compared the fracture resistance of titanium and fiber posts on human teeth were selected. The pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. In addition, the trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to test if the available studies are sufficient to make conclusive evidence.

Results

Of the 1165 retrieved studies, 17 studies were included in the qualitative analysis, while 16 studies were included in the quantitative analysis. Because of the high heterogeneity among studies, data from 10 studies were pooled and submitted to TSA. A total of 852 teeth were evaluated for fracture of the posts in 27 independent comparison groups. The pooled effect of the residual studies revealed no significant difference between titanium and fiber posts (SMD = –0.12; 95% CI = –0.30, 0.06; p = 0.20). Results of the TSA revealed no conclusive evidence.

Conclusions

The results of the current evidence revealed no significant difference between fiber and titanium posts. The evidence is insufficient, and more standardized in vitro studies are required.
Associations of sleep duration and sleep–wake rhythm with lung parenchymal abnormalities on computed tomography: The MESA study
Authors: Kim John S. , Dashti Hassan S. , Huang Tianyi , Cade Brian E. , Podolanczuk Anna J. , O'Hearn Daniel J. , Hoffman Eric A. , Wang Heming , Blaikley John , Barr R. Graham , Redline Susan
Published: September 2021

Impairment of the circadian rhythm promotes lung inflammation and fibrosis in pre‐clinical models. We aimed to examine whether short and/or long sleep duration and other markers of sleep–wake patterns are associated with a greater burden of lung parenchymal abnormalities on computed tomography among adults. We cross‐sectionally examined associations of sleep duration captured by actigraphy with interstitial lung abnormalities (n = 1111) and high attenuation areas (n = 1416) on computed tomography scan in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis at Exam 5 (2010–2013). We adjusted for potential confounders in logistic and linear regression models for interstitial lung abnormalities and high attenuation area, respectively. High attenuation area models were also adjusted for study site, lung volume imaged, radiation dose and stratified by body mass index. Secondary exposures were self‐reported sleep duration, sleep fragmentation index, sleep midpoint and chronotype. The mean age of those with longer sleep duration (≥ 8 hr) was 70 years and the prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities was 14%. Increasing actigraphy‐based sleep duration among participants with ≥ 8 hr of sleep was associated with a higher adjusted odds of interstitial lung abnormalities (odds ratio of 2.66 per 1‐hr increment, 95% confidence interval 1.42–4.99). Longer sleep duration and higher sleep fragmentation index were associated with greater high attenuation area on computed tomography among participants with a body mass index < 25 kg m−2 (p‐value for interaction < 0.02). Self‐reported sleep duration, later sleep midpoint and evening chronotype were not associated with outcomes. Actigraphy‐based longer sleep duration and sleep fragmentation were associated with a greater burden of lung abnormalities on computed tomography scan.
Influence of milling methods on the flow properties of ivory teff flour
Authors: Barretto Roselle , Buenavista Rañia Marie , Pandiselvam Ravi , Siliveru Kaliramesh
Published: September 2021

Increasing teff (Eragrostis tef) consumption has been recorded in recent years due to its gluten‐free nature and exceptional nutritional composition. Studies on the particle level that relates to processing and handling of teff flour are limited. The effect of different milling methods (roller mill, pin mill, and hammer mill) on size distribution, shape characteristics, and flowability of teff flour was evaluated. Physical properties (angle of repose, tapped and bulk densities, size distribution, and shape characteristics) and proximate composition were investigated and correlated with flow properties. Flowability was measured in terms of bulk, shear, and dynamic flow properties using the FT4 powder rheometer. Particle size distribution significantly (p < .05) influenced the angle of repose, aeration energy, and wall friction angle while shape characteristics (circularity and aspect ratio) significantly (p < .05) affected the aerated and tapped bulk densities and basic flow energy. Hammer‐milled flour had the highest aerated (548.00 kg/m3) and tapped bulk densities (804.33 kg/m3). Pin‐milled flour had the highest compressibility index (38.46%), Hausner ratio (1.62), angle of repose (71.57°), and wall friction angle (25.92° at 3 kPa) indicating poorer flowability. Stability index and specific energy did not vary significantly (p > .05) among the milled flours. Highest basic flow (1,191.03 mJ) and aerated energies (272.32 mJ) were required to induce flow in hammer‐milled flour due to greater proportion of large particles. Based on the flow function, all flours fall under the “easy flowing” category, but the pin‐milled flour exhibited the poorest flowability.
Noninvasive imaging of hollow structures and gas movement revealed the gas partial‐pressure‐gradient‐driven long‐distance gas movement in the aerenchyma along the leaf blade to submerged organs in rice
Authors: Yin Yong‐Gen , Mori Yoshinao , Suzui Nobuo , Kurita Keisuke , Yamaguchi Mitsutaka , Miyoshi Yuta , Nagao Yuto , Ashikari Motoyuki , Nagai Keisuke , Kawachi Naoki
Published: September 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa) plants have porous or hollow organs consisting of aerenchyma, which is presumed to function as a low‐resistance diffusion pathway for air to travel from the foliage above the water to submerged organs. However, gas movement in rice plants has yet to be visualized in real time.

In this study involving partially submerged rice plants, the leaves emerging from the water were fed nitrogen‐13‐labeled nitrogen ([13N]N2) tracer gas, and the gas movement downward along the leaf blade, leaf sheath, and internode over time was monitored.

The [13N]N2 gas arrived at the bottom of the plant within 10 min, which was 20 min earlier than carbon‐11 photoassimilates. The [13N]N2 gas movement was presumably mediated by diffusion along the aerenchyma network from the leaf blade to the root via nodes functioning as junctions, which were detected by X‐ray computed tomography.

These findings imply the diffusion of gas along the aerenchyma, which does not consume energy, has enabled plants to adapt to aquatic environments. Additionally, there were no major differences in [13N]N2 gas movement between paddy rice and deepwater rice plants, indicative of a common aeration mechanism in the two varieties, despite the difference in their response to flooding.
Something is true
Authors: Asay Jamin
Published: September 2021

The thesis that nothing is true has long been thought to be a self‐refuting position not worthy of serious philosophical consideration. Recently, however, the thesis ofalethic nihilism—that nothing is true—has been explicitly defended (notably by David Liggins). Nihilism is also, I argue, a consequence of other views about truth that have recently been advocated, such as fictionalism about truth and the inconsistency account. After offering an account of alethic nihilism, and how it purports to avoid the self‐refutation problem, I argue that it avoids the problem at the expense of changing the subject. I then present other arguments against nihilism and responses to the considerations offered in defense of it. The only tenable position is that something is indeed true.
The right to work and to live: The implications of India's NREGS program for missing women
Authors: Chaure Trupti , Hicks Daniel
Published: September 2021

Objective

Limited economic opportunity for women reduces their household bargaining power and the economic value of daughters, amplifying son preference. This paper studies India's National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (NREGS), the largest workfare program in the world.

Methods

In a setting where the gender gap in employment and wages are sizeable, NREGS represented both an income shock and a large relative improvement in the labor market for women. We use the staggered rollout of NREGS to show that districts that implemented the program earlier experienced an improvement in child sex ratios in favor of girls.

Results

We find that impacts exist only in rural areas, not in the urban counterparts of the same district, where NREGS did not operate. Furthermore, effects are larger in middle‐income and upper income districts and districts with the most skewed initial sex ratios, results which are inconsistent with an alternative selection story. Finally, the effects appear only for rural youth sex ratios, not for adult sex ratios, suggesting endogenous migration is not driving the results.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the adoption of NREGS may have decreased pressures associated with sex selection in India, lessening skewed sex ratios in rural areas.
Clothes dryer–induced heat stroke in three cats
Authors: Cudney Sarah E. , Wayne Annie , Rozanski Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To describe the clinical course of 3 cats successfully treated following clothes dryer–induced heat stroke.

Case series summary

Three cats were treated after accidental clothes dryer–induced heat stroke. All cats fulfilled canine heat stroke criteria and showed evidence of heat injury, including neurological dysfunction, corneal and mucosal ulceration, and evidence of rhabdomyolysis. Coagulopathy, acute liver injury, acute kidney injury, cardiac dysfunction, and gastrointestinal signs were seen in cats with a longer duration of dryer exposure.

New or unique information provided

Describes the management of cats after inadvertent clothes dryer–induced heat stroke.
Emergency treatment with intermittent hemodialysis for amikacin overdose in a cat
Authors: Mauro Katie D. , Culler Christine A. , Vigani Alessio
Published: September 2021

Objective

To describe the safety and use of intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) for the emergency treatment of a cat with an amikacin overdose.

Case summary

A cat was accidentally administered 400 mg (97.5 mg/kg, IV) of amikacin. Four hours after the time of the overdose, a single emergency IHD session to remove amikacin was performed. The 4‐hour IHD treatment allowed for the active removal of approximately 110 mg of amikacin. The plasma concentration of amikacin from the beginning to the end of the session decreased from approximately 160 μg/mL to a nontoxic concentration of 10 μg/mL. Following IHD treatment, the cat developed an International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) grade IV acute kidney injury (AKI) with a peak creatinine of 486 μmol/L (5.5 mg/dL) and was hospitalized for 4 days for supportive management of AKI. At the time of discharge, 4 days following the overdose, the AKI had resolved.

New or unique information provided

This is the first report describing the use and safety of using IHD for emergency removal of amikacin overdose in a cat.
Retrospective evaluation of fluid production at the time of thoracostomy tube removal following elective and emergency surgery in dogs (2010–2017): 185 cases
Authors: Racette Molly A. , Sharkey Leslie C. , Rendahl Aaron K. , Heinrich Daniel A. , Chow Rosalind S.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To report the rate of fluid production at the time of removal of thoracostomy tubes placed intraoperatively and to determine the association of this rate with specific patient factors, surgical factors, or clinical diagnosis. The secondary objective was to determine whether identification of pleural effusion within 2 weeks of thoracostomy tube removal was associated with the same variables.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

University teaching hospital.

Animals

One hundred eighty‐five client‐owned dogs with thoracostomy tubes placed intraoperatively between January 2010 and March 2017.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and Main Results

Thoracostomy tubes were removed at a median fluid production of 0.09 mL/kg/h (range, 0–7.0 m L/kg/h). Median fluid production at the time of thoracostomy tube removal was significantly higher in dogs with preoperative pleural effusion compared to dogs without preoperative pleural effusion (0.21 vs 0.05 mL/kg/h; P = 0.0001) and in dogs that had a median sternotomy compared to dogs that had a lateral thoracotomy (0.14 vs 0.09 mL/kg/h; P = 0.04). Of the 169 dogs available for follow‐up, 12 (7.1%) had pleural effusion within 2 weeks of removal of the thoracostomy tube. Detection of pleural effusion during the follow‐up period was significantly associated with the presence of preoperative pleural effusion (P = 0.0019) and the diagnosis (P = 0.01). A greater proportion of dogs with a lung lobe torsion (4/9, 44.4%) and idiopathic chylothorax (2/7, 28.5%) had pleural effusion within 2 weeks compared to other diagnoses. Reintervention was performed in 4.7% of dogs.

Conclusions

Thoracostomy tubes were removed at pleural fluid production rates that frequently exceeded current veterinary guidelines. However, the fluid production rate at the time of thoracostomy tube removal was not associated with the detection of pleural effusion within 2 weeks of thoracostomy tube removal, and the overall need for reintervention following thoracostomy tube removal was low (4.7%).
Retrospective analysis of hops toxicosis in dogs (2002‐2014): 71 cases
Authors: Pfaff Alexandra , Sobczak Brandy R. , Babyak Jonathan M. , O'Toole Therese E. , Rozanski Elizabeth A.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To describe a population of dogs with hops toxicosis, including clinical signs observed, treatments performed, patient outcome, and overall prognosis. Clinical findings and treatment interventions were evaluated for their potential effects on outcome. This study also aims to review hops toxicosis and treatment options.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Poison Control Center.

Animals

Seventy‐one dogs presenting for hops ingestion.

Interventions

None.

Measurements and main results

Records of 71 dogs with known hops ingestion from the ASPCA – Animal Poison Control Center (ASPCA‐APCC) database and the Tufts University medical record system were reviewed. Fifty‐nine (77%) of the dogs survived. The most common clinical signs on presentation were hyperthermia and tachycardia, with presenting temperatures and heart rates significantly higher in nonsurvivors. There was no significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors in regard to signalment. Time to presentation was shorter in survivors (5.0 vs 5.5 h;P < 0.0001). The median amount of hops ingested was higher in nonsurvivors (2 vs 2.5 oz;P < 0.0001). Hops ingestion caused hyperthermia in 96% (68/71) of dogs. The median time to death in the nonsurvivor group was 10.7 hours (2‐30 h). None of the decontamination, cooling, or treatment measures (dantrolene, cyproheptadine, sedatives) evaluated in this population were associated with improved survival. After adjusting for cooling, time to presentation, and dantrolene administration, every degree of elevation in temperature was associated with a 78% increased chance of death. All dogs that survived to discharge had complete resolution of clinical signs.

Conclusions

Hops toxicosis can result in significant hyperthermia, tachypnea, and tachycardia. Seventy‐seven percent of dogs survived with intensive treatment. Continued education of the potential for hops toxicosis is advised.
Determination of Maximum Water Infiltration Areas in Vacacaí-Mirim Basin in Southern Brazil
Authors: Da Cunha Kemerich Pedro Daniel , De Borba Willian Fernando , Kobiyama Masato , Martins Sérgio Roberto , Adeli Buriol Galileo , D’Avila Fernandes Gabriel , Balestrin Flores Carlos Eduardo , Boito de Souza Ericklis Edson , Gomes Cristiane , Mallmann Rohde Matias
Published: September 2021

A determinação das taxas de infiltração de água no solo é de fundamental importância, pois além de determinar a recarga de aquíferos estima a vulnerabilidade a contaminação a qual o mesmo está sujeito. Com base nisso o presente trabalho tem por objetivo determinar o índice de infiltração de água no solo pelo método DRASTIC na bacia hidrográfica do rio Vacacaí-Mirim, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a determinação desses índices, seguiu-se a metodologia descrita por Oliveira e Ferreira (2002), onde as análises para os parâmetros físicos foram obtidos no laboratório de física do solo da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen-RS. Os índices de facilidade a infiltração nos anos de 2010 e 2011 variaram de 10 (áreas pouco fissuradas) a 30 (áreas com altas perfurações). Com relação as áreas de infiltração máxima, no ano de 2010, 24 % da área da bacia apresentou tal condição, já para o ano de 2011, esse percentual caiu para 18,55 %. Com base nisso, a metodologia se mostra interessante para a determinação das taxas de infiltração de água na bacia hidrográfica do rio Vacacaí-Mirim. As áreas que mais se destacaram com as taxas de infiltração máxima localizam-se nas várzeas da bacia hidrográfica, onde predominam o cultivo de arroz, sendo assim é de fundamental importância a preservação de tais áreas com vista a manutenção da qualidade da água subterrânea no local.
Repetition detection and rapid auditory learning for stochastic tone clouds
Authors: Agus Trevor R. , Pressnitzer Daniel
Published: September 2021

Stochastic sounds are useful to probe auditory memory, as they require listeners to learn unpredictable and novel patterns under controlled experimental conditions. Previous studies using white noise or random click trains have demonstrated rapid auditory learning. Here, we explored perceptual learning with a more parametrically variable stimulus. These “tone clouds” were defined as broadband combinations of tone pips at randomized frequencies and onset times. Varying the number of tones covered a perceptual range from individually audible pips to noise-like stimuli. Results showed that listeners could detect and learn repeating patterns in tone clouds. Task difficulty varied depending on the density of tone pips, with sparse tone clouds the easiest. Rapid learning of individual tone clouds was observed for all densities, with a roughly constant benefit of learning irrespective of baseline performance. Variations in task difficulty were correlated to amplitude modulations in an auditory model. Tone clouds thus provide a tool to probe auditory learning in a variety of task-difficulty settings, which could be useful for clinical or neurophysiological studies. They also show that rapid auditory learning operates over a wide range of spectrotemporal complexity, essentially from melodies to noise.
Fast multipole accelerated boundary element methods for room acoustics
Authors: Gumerov Nail A. , Duraiswami Ramani
Published: September 2021

Direct and indirect boundary element methods, accelerated via the fast multipole method, are applied to numerical simulation of room acoustics for rooms of volume ∼150 m3 and frequencies up to 5 kHz on a workstation. As the parameter kD (wavenumber times room diameter) is large, stabilization of the previously developed fast algorithms is required for accuracy. A stabilization scheme is one of the key contributions of this paper. The computations are validated using well-known image source solutions for shoebox shaped rooms. Computations for L-shaped rooms are performed to illustrate the ability to capture diffractions. The ability to model in-room baffles and boundary openings (doors/windows) is also demonstrated. The largest case has kD > 1100 with a discretization of size 6 × 106 elements. The performance of different boundary integral formulations was compared, and their rates of convergence using a preconditioned flexible generalized minimal residual method were found to be substantially different. These promising results suggest a path to efficient simulations of room acoustics via high performance boundary element methods.
The MPA Guide: A framework to achieve global goals for the ocean
Authors: Grorud-Colvert Kirsten , Sullivan-Stack Jenna , Roberts Callum , Constant Vanessa , Horta e Costa Barbara , Pike Elizabeth P. , Kingston Naomi , Laffoley Dan , Sala Enric , Claudet Joachim , Friedlander Alan M. , Gill David A. , Lester Sarah E. , Day Jon C. , Gonçalves Emanuel J. , Ahmadia Gabby N. , Rand Matt , Villagomez Angelo , Ban Natalie C. , Gurney Georgina G. , Spalding Ana K. , Bennett Nathan J. , Briggs Johnny , Morgan Lance E. , Moffitt Russell , Deguignet Marine , Pikitch Ellen K. , Darling Emily S. , Jessen Sabine , Hameed Sarah O. , Di Carlo Giuseppe , Guidetti Paolo , Harris Jean M. , Torre Jorge , Kizilkaya Zafer , Agardy Tundi , Cury Philippe , Shah Nirmal J. , Sack Karen , Cao Ling , Fernandez Miriam , Lubchenco Jane
Published: September 2021

Consistency in conservation

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are now well established globally as tools for conservation, for enhancing marine biodiversity, and for promoting sustainable fisheries. That said, which regions are labeled as MPAs varies substantially, from those that full protect marine species and prohibit human extraction to those that permit everything from intensive fishing to mining. This inconsistency can in some cases inhibit both conservation and quantifying the proportion of the marine environment that is truly protected. Grorud-Colvert
et al
. review the consistency of MPAs and propose a framework by which levels of protection can be evaluated and improved. —SNV
Nucleolar maturation of the human small subunit processome
Authors: Singh Sameer , Vanden Broeck Arnaud , Miller Linamarie , Chaker-Margot Malik , Klinge Sebastian
Published: September 2021

Making ribosomes in human cells

The assembly of the human ribosome requires a vast number of assembly factors that first form a giant precursor of the ribosomal small subunit (SSU), the SSU processome. Singh
et al
. provide new insights into human ribosome assembly by using cryo–electron microscopy, x-ray crystallography, and functional studies to reveal the structures of the human SSU processome as it matures in the nucleolus. This study reveals the tightly controlled molecular choreography by which an ensemble of assembly factors controls early irreversible maturation steps that bring about the formation of the human SSU. —DJ
Leveraging the collective mind
The Power of Us
Jay J. Van Bavel and Dominic J. Packer
Little, Brown Spark, 2021. 320 pp.
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander
Published: September 2021

Shared social identities can better prepare us to confront societal problems
Getting droplets into shape
Authors: Snead Wilton T. , Gladfelter Amy S.
Published: September 2021

Protein clusters at interfaces control sizes and properties of biomolecular condensates
Welcome to science.org!
Authors: Thorp H. Holden
Published: September 2021

Over the past 2 weeks, the
Science
family of journals released its new website. Among the many big changes is its new URL:
science.org
(
sciencemag.org
will redirect to the new site). For those of us who remember the launch of
sciencemag.org
26 years ago, there is a nostalgic tug in retiring this web address, but
science.org
represents where we want to go with the journals. It’s also a moment to look back at how the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS, publisher of the
Science
journals) has led the way in online scholarly publishing.
A COVID-19 publishing revolution? Not yet
Authors: Brainard Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Preprints, lauded for fast dissemination, remain a small part of pandemic literature
A push to see ‘under the hood’ of 2020 census
Authors: Mervis Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Letter asks Census Bureau for “noisy” file to measure the impact of differential privacy
Genome Sequence of
Microbacterium
sp. Strain R1, Isolated from a
Synechococcus
Culture
Authors: Zhou Ruiyu , Liu Binbin , Liu Jihua , Wang Rui
Published: September 2021

Synechococcus
cultures in the laboratory are often associated with heterotrophic bacteria. Here, we report the genome sequence of the bacterium
Microbacterium
sp. strain R1, isolated from a culture of the estuarine
Synechococcus
strain CBW1107. Several secondary metabolites and transporter-related genes were identified in the genome of
Microbacterium
sp. strain R1.
Metagenome-Assembled Genome Sequences Obtained from a Reactivated Kombucha Microbial Community Exposed to a Mars-Like Environment outside the International Space Station
Authors: Lee Imchang , Barh Debmalya , Podolich Olga , Brenig Bertram , Tiwari Sandeep , Azevedo Vasco , Góes-Neto Aristóteles , Reva Oleg , Kozyrovska Natalia , de Vera Jean-Pierre , Kim Bong-Soo
Published: September 2021

Kombucha is a traditional tea fermented by symbiotic microbiota, and it has been known as a functional fermented product. Here, we report four microbial metagenome-assembled genome sequences (MAGs) reconstructed from the microbiomes in kombucha exposed to a Mars-like environment outside the International Space Station.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA291, Isolated from Cystic Fibrosis Sputum
Authors: Luong Tiffany , Schumann Ashley , Conrad Douglas , Roach Dwayne
Published: September 2021

Here, we report the genome sequence of PA291, a nonmucoid, multidrug-resistant strain of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
isolated from cystic fibrosis sputum. Short reads were
de novo
assembled into 190 contigs and scaffold assembled to a length of 6.26 Mbp. PhiSpy predicts that PA291 is free of prophages.
Chromosome-Scale Assembly of the Complete Genome Sequence of Leishmania (Mundinia) orientalis, Isolate LSCM4, Strain LV768
Authors: Almutairi Hatim , Urbaniak Michael D. , Bates Michelle D. , Jariyapan Narissara , Al-Salem Waleed S. , Dillon Rod J. , Bates Paul A. , Gatherer Derek
Published: September 2021

Leishmania
(Mundinia) orientalis
is a kinetoplastid parasite first isolated in 2014 in Thailand. We report the complete genome sequence of
L.
(
M.
)
orientalis
, sequenced using combined short-read and long-read technologies. This will facilitate greater understanding of this novel pathogen and its relationship to other members of the subgenus
Mundinia
.
Draft Genome Sequences of Heat Shock-Tolerant Microbes Isolated from a Spacecraft Assembly Facility
Authors: Wood Jason M. , Peres Julian B. , Bateh John , Singh Nitin K. , Aronson Heidi S. , Hendrickson Ryan , Mason Christopher E. , Venkateswaran Kasthuri
Published: September 2021

Heat shock-tolerant microorganisms belonging to the orders
Bacillales
and
Micrococcales
were isolated from the Spacecraft Assembly Facility at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and 63 draft genome sequences were assembled and identified. Further analyses of these genomes can provide insight into methods for preventing forward contamination.
Progressive accretion recorded in sedimentary rocks of the 3.28–3.23 Ga Fig Tree Group, Barberton Greenstone Belt
Authors: Drabon Nadja , Lowe Donald R.
Published: September 2021

One of the major challenges in early Earth geology is the interpretation of the nature of the crust and tectonic processes due to the limited exposures of Archean rocks. This question is predominantly addressed by numerical modeling, structural geology, geochemical analyses, and petrological approaches. Here we report on the reconstruction of one of the oldest, well-preserved volcano-sedimentary sequences on Earth, the 3.28–3.22 Ga Fig Tree Group in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa, based on geochronology, provenance, and stratigraphy to provide new constraints on the nature of tectonic processes in the Archean. The Fig Tree basin was asymmetric and the onset of deposition varied across the greenstone belt. The Fig Tree Group is now preserved in east-west oriented bands of fault-bounded structural belts with those preserved in the southern parts of the greenstone belt showing an onset of deposition at 3.28 Ga, those in the center at 3.26 Ga, and those in the north at 3.24 Ga. Stratigraphically, the rocks display a general up-section trend from deeper to shallower-water deposition and/or from finer- to coarser-grained sedimentary rocks. Associated with this up-section stratigraphic trend, the sedimentary rocks show a change in provenance from more regionally similar to more locally variable, and an increase in felsic volcanic activity, especially toward the closure of Fig Tree deposition. The data is consistent with formation of the Fig Tree Group in a compressional tectonic setting by deposition in a foreland basin that experienced progressive accretion of crustal terranes onto a northward prograding fold-and-thrust belt.
From subduction initiation to hot subduction: Life of a Neoarchean subduction zone from the Dengfeng Greenstone Belt, North China Craton
Authors: Deng Hao , Jia Ning , Kusky Timothy , Polat Ali , Peng Guanglei , Huang Bo , Wang Lu , Wang Junpeng
Published: September 2021

We report a spatially and temporally linked arc magmatic association of 2.55–2.50 Ga mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-affinity gabbros, arc-affinity basalts, high-Mg basalts/basaltic andesites (HMBA), Nb-enriched basalts (NEB), and a tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG)-like granodiorite from the Dengfeng greenstone belt (DFGB), North China Craton. These are identical to arc magmatic rock suites from hot subduction in the present plate mosaic, and resemble suites formed during subduction initiation. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry zircon U-Pb dating indicates that gabbros and granodiorites intruded at ca. 2.55 Ga and the HMBAs formed at ca. 2.50 Ga, indicating a long duration of subduction zone magmatic activity of at least 50 m.y. in the DFGB. The gabbros are characterized by flat light-rare earth element (LREE) patterns without negative Nb and Zr anomalies, showing a MORB-like geochemical affinity. Combined with previously reported normal-MORB-type basalts, we suggest that they may represent magmatic products during intraoceanic subduction initiation where their mantle source was slightly metasomatized by subduction-derived fluids during the initiation stage. The arc-affinity basalts are characterized by slightly enriched LREE patterns with negative Nb and Zr anomalies. The HMBAs have higher contents of MgO, Ni, and Cr and display more fractionated rare earth element (REE) patterns and large negative Nb and Zr anomalies than the arc-affinity basalts. The NEBs are characterized by high absolute contents of Nb (9.9–14 ppm) and high ratios of Nb/Laprimitive mantle (pm) (0.40–0.46) and Nb/Thpm (0.44–0.54), and moderately fractionated REE and minor negative Nb anomalies with no Zr anomalies. One granodiorite sample is characterized by a highly fractionated REE pattern and negative Nb and Zr anomalies. Geochemical modeling suggests that the association of the normal arc-affinity basalt (NAB)-HMBA-NEB can be interpreted to be generated by hybridization of mantle wedge peridotites by slab-derived TTG-like melts. Positive values of whole-rock εNd (t) and zircon εHf (t) of the 2.55–2.50 Ga magmatic associations are consistent with a long-term depleted mantle source for the mafic assemblage. The 2.55–2.50 Ga magmatic association from MORB-affinity gabbros and basalts to arc-affinity NAB-HMBA-NEB may record a continuous Neoarchean geodynamic process from intraoceanic subduction initiation to mature arc magmatism. The NAB-HMBA-NEB association with regional sanukitoids and high-Al TTGs indicates that hot subduction may have played an important role in the production of arc-related magmatism during the Archean.
Neurosyphilis in a suspected case of giant cell arteritis
Authors: Montebello Annalisa , Harmsworth Daniela , Cassar Paul John , Vella Sandro
Published: September 2021

A 67-year-old man had a few month history of deteriorating visual acuity. He had originally presented to ophthalmology with right-sided visual blurring. This subsequently progressed to involve the left eye. At this point, he was empirically treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, both orally and intravenously, with the suspicion that giant cell arteritis was causing acute visual deterioration of his left eye. Unfortunately, his symptoms did not improve. During an admission to hospital for a pneumonia, he underwent further investigations for this bilateral visual loss. He was diagnosed with left neuroretinitis and right vitritis. A thorough workup revealed positive syphilis serology and cerebrospinal fluid was positive on venereal disease research laboratory testing. He was diagnosed and treated for neurosyphilis with intravenous benzylpenicillin 4 million units 4 hourly for 14 days. His left-sided vision improved but he still suffers from severe visual impairment in his right eye.