bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imagery makes social media captivating! Aesthetic value in a consumer-as-value-maximizer framework
Authors: Aljukhadar Muhammad , Bériault Poirier Amélie , Senecal Sylvain
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Social media bring about the imagery of people, places and products. Showing particular success in attracting women and millennials, these media (e.g. Instagram, Snapchat and Pinterest) are built around imagery consumption. This paper follows a qualitative theory building approach to extend the theory of consumption values and develop a framework based on the values social media deliver to consumers that explain their use outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach

The framework was analytically developed based on a review of the literature. In contrast to frameworks such as stimulus-organism-response (S-O-R), the framework proposes that people consume social media to maximize relevant values, namely, the aesthetic, social and learning value. Then, a study based on semi-structured interviews is performed to elaborate on the values and their undertakings.

Findings

The paper defines the consumption’s aesthetic value and underscores it as a focal driver of social media use and a key concept in social commerce. Data analysis suggests that aesthetic value engenders such responses as consumer’s inspiration, infinity sensation and habitual entertainment. Additional drivers of social media users are social and learning values. The social value engenders self-expression and social privacy, whereas the learning value engenders resourcefulness and parallel shopping.

Originality/value

This paper stipulates that people consume (i.e. use) social media to maximize relevant values, which, in turn, result in two groups of responses (inner and outer responses). The framework indicates that the relevant values mediate the relation between a stimulus (e.g. social media use) and response (e.g. entertainment, inspiration and behavioral intent). It highlights the centrality of aesthetic value in digital marketing and social commerce environments. The framework, thus, contrary to S-O-R, views the consumer as a maximizer of values rather than (a) processor of emotional and cognitive rejoinders.
Corporate innovation in a world of common ownership
Authors: Chiao Cheng-Huei , Qiu Bin , Wang Bin
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of common ownership on corporate innovation, including innovation input, innovation output and postgrant patents.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses the ordinary least square model and the difference-in-differences technique to evaluate the effect of institutional interlocking shareholdings on the life cycle of corporate innovation.

Findings

The results show that common ownership impedes innovation measured by patent grants and citations through reduced R&D expenditures. However, common ownership protects postgrant patents by lowering the likelihood that a co-owned firm gets involved in patent litigation and by accelerating the settlement of lawsuits between co-owned firms.

Practical implications

From a regulatory perspective, common ownership in younger firms that rely heavily on R&D investment to produce innovation outputs is detrimental and needs to be regulated. However, common ownership in mature firms, which hold a big pool of patents or rely on acquiring patents to compete, is of less concern because of the protective role detected.

Originality/value

The paper provides a first comprehensive look into how same-industry common ownership affects innovation input, innovation output and postgrant patents. The research also reconciles the anticompetitive effect and the coordinative effect of common ownership documented in the literature.
Racial and ethnic disparities in youth perceptions of police in the community and school: considering the effects of multilevel factors
Authors: Zhang Gary , Nakamoto Jonathan , Cerna Rebeca
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Recent publicized incidents involving police and youth, particularly minorities, may undermine attitudes toward police. This research examines the effect of race/ethnicity on youth attitudes toward police in two contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

This study utilizes survey data from 17,000 youth in California aggregated with data on poverty and crime. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) is used to examine the effects of individual and structural factors on perceptions of the police in the community and in school.

Findings

Race/ethnicity is related to perceptions of police in both contexts even after accounting for structural factors, with Blacks and Hispanics having less positive perceptions than Whites and Asians. Differences in perceptions between racial/ethnic groups were larger for police in the community than school police. Structural factors were associated with perceptions of police in the community but not at school.

Originality/value

This study differs from much of the previous literature examining race and attitudes toward police, which has largely focused on adults. The current study examines youth attitudes toward the police in two separate contexts and considers the influence of structural factors.
Scale development and validation of shared mental models of information and communication technology (ICT SMM)
Authors: Müller Rebecca , Antoni Conny H.
Published: September 2020

Purpose

Virtual teams are on the rise and many companies are implementing them to compete for the most talented experts. However, the use of information and communication technology (ICT), on which virtual teams depend, often ends in communication chaos. Research has shown that shared mental models (SMM), which are knowledge structures on team level, enhance team communication. In teams, which use ICTs, shared mental models of ICTs (ICT SMM) seem to be important. However, few studies that investigated ICT SMM have used different measurements that restrict their generalization. The purpose of this study is to define ICT SMM as well as develop and validate an ICT SMM scale.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a cross-sectional questionnaire in two different samples (N1 = 117 students and N2 = 165 employees).

Findings

The results of item and factor analyses indicated that ICT SMM contain at least two facets, ICT functionalities and task-specific ICT use and are distinct from teamwork, taskwork and temporal SMM. The ICT SMM scale reached good validity and reliability. On an individual level, ICT SMM were positively associated with perceived team performance and coordination and negatively with ineffective communication, workload and frustration.

Research limitations/implications

Future research using teams as sample to validate the ICT SMM scale seems to be promising.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that developed and validated a rating scale to measure SMM of ICT in different samples.
Relative accuracy of social and medical determinants of suicide in electronic health records
Authors: Alemi Farrokh , Avramovic Sanja , Renshaw Keith D. , Kanchi Rania , Schwartz Mark
Published: September 2020

Objective

This paper compares the accuracy of predicting suicide from Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) or history of illness.

Population Studied

5 313 965 Veterans who at least had two primary care visits between 2008 and 2016.

Study Design

The dependent variable was suicide or intentional self‐injury. The independent variables were 10 495 International Classification of Disease (ICD) Version 9 codes, age, and gender. The ICD codes included 40 V‐codes used for measuring SDoH, such as family disruption, family history of substance abuse, lack of education, legal impediments, social isolation, unemployment, and homelessness. The sample was randomly divided into training (90 percent) and validation (10 percent) sets. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AROC) was used to measure accuracy of predictions in the validation set.

Principal Findings

Separate analyses were done for inpatient and outpatient codes; the results were similar. In the hospitalized group, the mean age was 67.2 years, and 92.1 percent were male. The mean number of medical diagnostic codes during the study period was 37; and 12.9 percent had at least one SDoH V‐code. At least one episode of suicide or intentional self‐injury occurred in 1.89 percent of cases. SDoH V‐codes, on average, elevated the risk of suicide or intentional self‐injury by 24‐fold (ranging from 4‐ to 86‐fold). An index of 40 SDoH codes predicted suicide or intentional self‐injury with an AROC of 0.64. An index of 10 445 medical diagnoses, without SDoH V‐codes, had AROC of 0.77. The combined SDoH and medical diagnoses codes also had AROC of 0.77.

Conclusion

In predicting suicide or intentional self‐harm, SDoH V‐codes add negligible information beyond what is already available in medical diagnosis codes.

Implications for Practice

Policies that affect SDoH (eg, housing policies, resilience training) may not have an impact on suicide rates, if they do not change the underlying medical causes of SDoH.
Crossing and Understanding: Funds of Knowledge among Romani Households
Authors: Kuo Hsiao‐Chin
Published: September 2020

Public perceptions about the Roma are perpetuated with deeply ingrained prejudices. Crossing sociocultural boundaries, this study sought a firsthand, contextual understanding about the Roma through funds of knowledge framework. Findings illustrated a sense of active agency, as the household members employed resources and opportunities despite the rapid changes and challenges in their surroundings. The analysis sheds light on educational policymaking and initiatives, as well as advancing funds of knowledge framework theorizing and implementing.
The Extent of Hypothetical Bias in Willingness to Accept
Authors: Penn Jerrod M. , Hu Wuyang
Published: September 2020

Hypothetical bias (HB) is often considered a main source of weakness for valuation surveys of any kind and the bias is thought to be even stronger if the valuation process is framed as willingness to accept (WTA) rather than willingness to pay (WTP). Using data collected after reviewing both published and unpublished articles, we conduct a meta‐analysis of whether and to what extent WTA studies may have HB. Out of the eighty‐six records from twenty‐one studies that used WTA elicitation methods in both hypothetical and real elicitations, one study appears to have influenced the perception of extreme HB in WTA. Most exhibit no evidence of HB or evidence that it is a less severe problem for hypothetical WTA studies compared to historic patterns for WTP studies. We then conduct a field experiment eliciting both hypothetical and real WTA for a container of honey. Results show no evidence of HB based on no significant difference in WTA between the two treatments. Our findings challenge the long‐held belief to avoid WTA elicitations for fear of exaggerated economic values and associated HB.
Hyperferritinemia in patients with COVID‐19: An opportunity for iron chelation?
Authors: Vlahakos Vassilios D. , Marathias Katerina P. , Arkadopoulos Nikolaos , Vlahakos Demetrios V.
Published: September 2020

Studies from China on COVID‐19 revealed that nonsurvivors had cytokine storm with high IL‐6 and hyperferritinemia. Iron liberated from necrotic cells may catalyze free radical production and amplify lipid peroxidation causing membrane dysfunction and multiorgan failure. Consequently, iron chelators have been successfully utilized in various experimental and clinical models of cytokine storm and multiorgan damage, such as in ischemia‐reperfusion injury, sepsis, and infections. Since viral replication may be influenced by iron accumulation, iron chelation has been proven beneficial in a variety of viral infections, such as HIV‐1, hepatitis B virus, Mengovirus, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Enterovirus 71, and West Nile virus. In this commentary, we elaborate on the idea of considering iron chelation as a therapeutic modality in patients with severe COVID‐19 infection. For critically ill patients in the ICU, intravenous deferoxamine would provide sufficient and rapid iron chelation to ameliorate cytokine storm, whereas in less severe cases an oral chelator could prevent the development of excessive inflammatory response.
Beyond dexamethasone, emerging immuno‐thrombotic therapies for COVID‐19
Authors: Jensen Melanie Peta , George Marc , Gilroy Derek , Sofat Reecha
Published: September 2020

Host immunity is required to clear SARS‐CoV‐2, and inability to clear the virus because of host or pathogen factors renders those infected at risk of poor outcomes. Estimates of those who are able to clear the virus with asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic COVID‐19 remain unclear, and dependent on widespread testing. However, evidence is emerging that in severe cases, pathological mechanisms of hyperinflammation and coagulopathy ensue, the former supported by results from the RECOVERY trial demonstrating a reduction in mortality with dexamethasone in advanced COVID‐19. It remains unclear whether these pathogenic pathways are secondary to a failure to clear the virus because of maladaptive immune responses or if these are sequential COVID‐19 defining illnesses. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these cascades is essential to formulating rationale therapeutic approaches beyond the use of dexamethasone. Here, we review the pathophysiology thought to underlie COVID‐19 with clinical correlates and the current therapeutic approaches being investigated.
Transtexuality and the Precarious Materials of Dissent (1973): Radicalism in Cecilia Vicuña, Felipe Ehrenberg and the Beau Geste Press (1970–1976)
Authors: Segre Erica
Published: September 2020

The article analyses the material strategies of dissent through two transtextual bookworks, Cecilia Vicuña's Sabor a mi (Vicuña, 1973) and Felipe Ehrenberg's Pussywillow (1973) produced at the Beau Geste Press radical collective. Contesting Pinochet's coup in Chile, they resorted to visibly undisciplined responses to ‘the New Disorder now in power’. Experimenting with embodied poetics based on the page as a site of resistance, on textual construction predicated on relational impetus, they exploited litter and impoverished materials. Heterodox aesthetics at the BGP personified equivocal gender imagery. Word objects and body contours transmogrified to bring to the surface the interpenetrated textures of perception, identity and language.
Reutilisation of hydrothermal vent complexes for focused fluid flow on continental margins (Modgunn Arch, Norwegian Sea)
Authors: Roelofse Chantelle , Alves Tiago M. , Omosanya Kamal’deen O.
Published: September 2020

Conventional three‐dimensional (3D) seismic data reveal abundant igneous activity on the Modgunn Arch, mid‐Norwegian margin. Magmatic sills and associated hydrothermal vent complexes located at various depths prove the repeated utilisation of Paleocene‐Eocene magmatic conduits. In total, 125 sills and 85 hydrothermal vent complexes were identified and mapped, with vent complexes ranging in diameter from 300 to 3,100 m and sills from 0.5 to 50 km. Three examples of stacked vent complexes are presented, revealing large eruptions of hydrothermal fluids vertically through the same conduit, from sills to the palaeo‐sea floor. The vent complexes are found throughout Paleocene strata (66–56 Ma), whilst at least ten (10) vents were active during the Eocene. This study emphasises the importance of characterising ancient magmatic structures, as hydrothermal conduits and vent structures were, and may still be, reutilised as preferential fluid flow pathways to shallower strata. A minimum of four phases of hydrothermal vent complex formation are inferred. Cretaceous faults are both bypassed and used for magma and fluid flow. The reutilisation of magmatic structures here described may bring to light previously overlooked plays and renew interest in exploring magma‐rich continental margins.
The relationship between the Family Empowerment Scale and Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 in Young Children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Pierce Samuel R. , Skorup Julie , Paremski Athylia C. , Prosser Laura A.
Published: September 2020

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of motor disability in children. A concept to consider in order to meet the needs of children with CP and their families is family empowerment. Family empowerment can be defined as the process by which families acquire the skills, knowledge and resources to allow them to gain control and improve the quality of their lives. The relationship between gross motor function and family empowerment may be important because children with CP vary so widely in their ability to perform motor skills, which may affect their family's levels of empowerment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between the Family Empowerment Scale (FES) and Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 (GMFM‐66) in children with CP who were under 3 years of age.

Methods

Forty‐one children with a mean age of 23.8 months participated in this study. The FES was completed by the participants' parents or regular caregivers and includes a total score and subscales of empowerment in the family, in service situations and in community/political environments. The GMFM‐66 was administered by a physical therapist and consists of a total score of gross motor function (GMFM‐66) and subscores for Dimension B (sitting), Dimension C (crawling and kneeling), Dimension D (standing) and Dimension E (walking, running and jumping).

Results

Statistically significant positive correlations were found between the FES total and GMFM (total score and Dimensions B–E) with coefficients varying from 0.43–0.62. Significant relationships were also found between most subscales of the FES and the GMFM‐66.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence of a relationship between family empowerment and gross motor function in young children with CP and suggests that caregivers of children with higher gross motor function report higher levels of self‐efficacy.
Promoting family well‐being and social cohesion: The networking and relational approach of an innovative welfare service in the Italian context
Authors: Balenzano Caterina
Published: September 2020

This evaluation study examined a Family Services Centre (FSC) operating in a socio‐culturally deprived suburban area of Southern Italy to explore how promoting innovative practices to meet increasingly complex family needs. The research used a case study approach and a mixed‐methods design: the service's documents underwent a documentary analysis; users' trends and satisfaction levels were examined using quantitative data; service's identity and changes in the perceptions of professionals were analysed by qualitative techniques. Overall, the data highlighted the fact that the FSC can be considered an effective prevention instrument: its family support practices, oriented to the ASPIRE model, ensure accessibility, empowerment and a strengths‐based approach. Thanks to its strengthened mediator role, client participation and caseworkers' ideas, it represents an environment conducive to the development of innovation in social practices, influencing local social policies regarding child and family welfare. Despite its changes, the FSC still promotes family well‐being and social cohesion within the community with its innovative multilevel and multimethod approach. Considerations and lessons learned by this case study could stimulate decision makers and social practitioners to reflect on innovative models to meet families' needs.
Learning disabilities matter
Authors: Horridge Karen
Published: September 2020

Video Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8csdJ3myMy8&t=2s
Child neurology, COVID‐19, and crisis in society
Authors: Pearl Phillip L
Published: September 2020

Video Podcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=du9HqKBn0SM&t=1s
Differences between Australian adolescents with eating disorder symptoms who are in treatment or not in treatment for an eating disorder
Authors: Trompeter Nora , Bussey Kay , Forbes Miriam K. , Mond Jonathan , Hay Phillipa , Basten Christopher , Goldstein Mandy , Thornton Christopher , Heruc Gabriella , Byrne Susan , Griffiths Scott , Lonergan Alexandra , Touyz Stephen , Mitchison Deborah
Published: September 2020

Background

Mental health problems frequently occur during adolescence, however, few adolescents seek treatment for these problems, especially for eating disorders. The current study aimed to quantify how adolescents in a clinical sample (ie, those receiving treatment for an eating disorder), differ in terms of psychological factors (eating disorder symptoms and psychological distress), compared to adolescents with eating pathology in a community sample (ie, those not receiving treatment).

Method

Data were used from a community sample of adolescents with eating disorder pathology who have not sought treatment (n = 1011) and a clinical sample of adolescents presenting at eating disorder services for treatment (n = 153). Participants reported demographics and completed questionnaires assessing weight/shape concerns, disordered eating and psychological distress.

Results

Adolescents with a lower BMI, more frequent purging and higher weight/shape concerns were more common in the clinical sample, while those engaging in more frequent driven exercise were less common in the clinical sample. The samples did not differ in severity of psychological distress.

Conclusions

The findings highlight the need for increasing mental health literacy about the role of BMI and driven exercise in eating disorder symptom presentation to increase early detection of these disorders among adolescents.
Effect of the Dry Ashing Method on Cadmium Isotope Measurements in Soil and Plant Samples
Authors: Lv Wei‐Xin , Yin Hao‐Ming , Liu Meng‐Shu , Huang Fang , Yu Hui‐Min
Published: September 2020

A dry ashing method is commonly used to remove organic material from samples prior to geochemical analysis. In the course of this study, the Cd isotope ratios of a series of soil and plant reference materials and samples were studied to evaluate the effect of the dry ashing method on measurement results of Cd isotope ratios. The samples were pre‐treated using the dry ashing method and high‐pressure bomb for comparison. The results show that the digestion using high‐pressure bombs did not lead to Cd loss, but using the dry ashing method would cause different proportions of Cd loss. The whole range of Cd isotope difference between two methods was from −0.07‰ to 3.01‰. There was also an obvious difference in measured Cd isotope ratios from the same leaf sample pre‐treated independently by the dry ashing method, indicating that the amount of Cd loss and the effect on Cd isotope measurement during dry ashing is related to the properties of the samples. Therefore, dry ashing may not be appropriate for the removal of organic material in Cd isotope ratio measurement, especially for samples with high organic contents. The δ114/110Cd values of reference materials NIST SRM 1573a and GSD‐30 are reported for the first time in this study.
Melatonin for Acute Treatment of Migraine in Children and Adolescents: A Pilot Randomized Trial
Authors: Gelfand Amy A. , Ross Alexandra C. , Irwin Samantha L. , Greene Kaitlin A. , Qubty William F. , Allen I. Elaine
Published: September 2020

Objective

To determine what dose of melatonin is most effective for treating migraine acutely in children and adolescents.

Background

Acute migraine medications may not work for all patients and may cause side effects. Melatonin is effective for migraine prevention in adults and has been used acutely for procedural pain in children. Our goal was to determine whether a “high” or “low” dose of melatonin is more effective for treating migraine acutely in youth.

Methods

In this pilot, randomized, open‐label, single‐center, dose‐finding trial, children and adolescents aged 4‐17 years with episodic migraine were randomized to “high‐dose” or “low‐dose” dose melatonin (<40 kg: 4 mg vs. 1 mg; ≥40 kg: 8 mg vs. 2 mg). The primary outcome measure was change in mean pain score between time 0 and 2 hours. Secondary outcomes included 2‐hour pain‐relief and pain‐freedom rates.

Results

Eighty‐four participants (n = 42 per group) were enrolled in this study. Mean (SD) participant age was 11.8 (3.5) years and 55% (46/84) were female. Mean (SD) headache days/month was 5.6 (3.8). Sixty‐six (79%) participants provided outcome data and were included in the analyses,n = 24 in the high‐dose group andn = 22 in the low‐dose group. The drop‐out rate was 43% (18/42) in the high‐dose group vs. 48% (20/42) in the low‐dose group. Mean (SD) change in pain intensity at 2 hours was −2.7 (2.1) cm in the high‐dose group vs. −2.3 (2.1) cm in the low‐dose group (p = .581), a difference of 0.4 cm (95% CI: −1.17 to 1.92). Two‐hour pain‐freedom rate was 41% (7/17) vs. 27% (4/15) in the high‐dose vs. low‐dose groups (p = .415), and 2‐hour pain‐relief rate was 94% (16/17) vs. 80% (12/15), (p = .482). There were no serious adverse events. Napping occurred in the majority (67% (14/21) high dose vs. 47% (9/19) low dose). Higher mg/kg dose of melatonin and napping were each independently associated with greater headache benefit.

Conclusions

As an acute treatment for pediatric migraine, both low and high doses of melatonin were associated with pain reduction; however, study drop‐out was high. Higher dose and napping after treatment predicted greater benefit.
What do the changing patterns of comorbidity burden in people living with HIV mean for long‐term management? Perspectives from European HIV cohorts
Authors: d'Arminio Monforte A , Bonnet F , Bucher HC , Pourcher V , Pantazis N , Pelchen‐Matthews A , Touloumi G , Wolf E
Published: September 2020

Undoubtedly, comorbidities complicate long‐term HIV management and have significant cost implications for healthcare systems. A better understanding of these comorbidities and underlying causes would allow for a more considered and proactive approach to the long‐term management of HIV. This review examines cross‐sectional analyses of six European cohort studies (Athens Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, Aquitaine Cohort, EuroSIDA Cohort study, French claims EGB, German InGef Cohort and the Italian Cohort of Individuals, Naïve for Antiretrovirals), which included individuals with HIV followed over a certain period of time. Based on these cohorts, we examined how comorbidities have changed over time; how they compromise HIV management; and how much of a financial burden they impart. These data also provided a framework to explore the major issues of ageing and HIV and the practical implications of managing such issues in real‐life practice.
Microstructures and strengths of microporous MgO‐Al2O3 refractory aggregates using two types of magnesite
Authors: Huang Yifan , Chen Zhe , Yan Wen , Dai Yajie , Li Guangqiang , Wang Qiang , Li Nan , Li Yawei
Published: September 2020

Six microporous MgO‐Al2O3 refractory aggregates were prepared with Al(OH)3 and two different types of magnesite powders via an in‐situ decomposition pore‐forming technique. One magnesite powder contained more CaO (Magnesite C), the other one contained more SiO2 and Al2O3 impurities (Magnesite SA). Effects of magnesite powder type and content (11 wt.%, 36 wt.% and 77 wt.%) on the phase compositions, microstructures and mechanical strengths of the prepared microporous aggregates were investigated by X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), mercury porosimetry measurements, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), etc. With the addition of 11 wt.% and 77 wt.% magnesite, the type of magnesite had only a small effect on the microporous corundum‐spinel and periclase‐spinel aggregates, while great influence on the microporous spinel aggregates was observed with 36 wt.% addition. This was mainly because of the sintering process with liquid phase. The best microporous MgO‐Al2O3 refractory aggregates, which had an apparent porosity of 39.1%, a median pore size of 3.38 μm and a compressive strength of 66.3 MPa, were prepared by using 36 wt.% Magnesite C. This work has practical significance for the efficient utilization of magnesite and the development of energy‐saving lightweight MgO‐Al2O3 refractories.
How does water and salt stress affect the germination and initial growth of Brazilian soya bean cultivars?
Authors: Zuffo Alan Mario , Steiner Fábio , Sousa Tiago de Oliveira , Aguilera Jorge González , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , de Alcântara Neto Francisco , Ratke Rafael Felippe
Published: September 2020

The effects of water and salt stress on rate of germination and seedling growth were investigated under laboratory conditions in 46 soya bean genotypes from Central‐West region of Brazil to verify how these stresses may limit crop establishment during the initial growth stage and also to identify the most tolerant genotypes to drought and salinity. Mild water and salt stresses were imposed by seed exposure to –0.20 MPa iso‐osmotic solutions with polyethylene glycol—PEG 6000 (119.57 g/L) or NaCl (2.357 g/L) for 12 days at 25°C. The germination percentage, seedling length and seedling dry matter were measured, and then, salt or drought tolerance indexes were calculated. The “NS 5909 RG,” “NS 7000 IPRO,” “NS 7338IPRO,” “FPS Solimões RR,” “NS 5151 IPRO,” “SYN 13610 IPRO,” “LG 60177 IPRO,” “NS 6909 IPRO” and “BMX Desafio RR” were identified as the most drought‐tolerant genotypes, whereas under salinity conditions, the genotypes “5D 615 RR,” “BMX Desafio RR,” “5D 6215 IPRO” and “BMX Ponta IPRO” were identified as tolerant. The “BMX Desafio RR” is the genotype most adapted to both stress conditions and, therefore, should be used under conditions of water shortage and excess salt in the soil at sowing time.
Clinical presentation and outcomes of hospitalized adults with COVID‐19: A systematic review
Authors: Keller Kristin Garrett , Reangsing Chuntana , Schneider Joanne Kraenzle
Published: September 2020

Aims

The aims of this review were to: (a) determine the clinical presentation; and (b) outcomes of adult hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 to provide practicing nurses with a cogent and concise clinical impression of COVID‐19 patients.

Design

We conducted a systematic review of early published, peer‐reviewed, original research where researchers presented data from adult hospitalized COVID‐19 patients regarding their presenting signs, symptoms, and definitive survival outcomes.

Data Sources

We searched the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus for relevant articles published between 1 January 2020 ‐18 May 2020.

Review Methods

We extracted data from each study and synthesized them across primary sources using a literature matrix table to provide a global impression of this rapidly growing body of literature.

Results

We retrieved 97 mainly descriptive observational studies. SARS‐CoV‐2 is efficiently transmitted between humans, particularly those in close contact. Symptomatic COVID‐19 patients can present with a broad array of nonspecific symptoms. Fever and cough are the most commonly reported symptoms; some patients have atypical presentations. In patients with respiratory decompensation, disease progression can be rapid. Some patients experience mild symptoms that are self‐limited; others experience organ failure and death. Risk factors for poor outcomes include older age, chronic medical conditions, male gender, obesity, and presenting with signs of declining respiratory status.

Conclusion

Nurses can mitigate the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 and sequelae of COVID‐19 with prompt and capable responses.

Impact

This study addresses the problem of the continued spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 while little is known about this virus. This review provides nurses with a summary of the most current evidence regarding the signs, symptoms, and outcomes of adult hospitalized COVID‐19 patients that they might identify COVID‐19 patients rapidly on presentation to medical care and be attuned to indicators of patient decompensation.
Tracking the migration of red‐necked stint Calidris ruficollis reveals marathon flights and unexpected conservation challenges
Authors: Mu Tong , Tomkovich Pavel S. , Loktionov Egor Y. , Syroechkovskiy Evgeny E. , Wilcove David S.
Published: September 2020

Effective conservation of migratory species depends on understanding both migratory connectivity and migration strategy. The red‐necked stint Calidris ruficollis is a small, highly migratory sandpiper of the East Asian–Australasian Flyway, which is classified as 'Near Threatened' due to ongoing population declines. We tracked the migration of three red‐necked stints breeding in southern Chukotka, Russia, using geolocators, and supplemented our tracking data with re‐sighting records of color‐flagged individuals. The three birds, all of which bred within 2 km of each other, wintered in three different localities spanning nearly 5000 km. One individual completed its northward migration of >9400 km in two marathon flights; the second leg of that journey was completed in a nonstop flight of 5350 km. The successful conservation of just this one population requires protection of wintering sites across a vast area, coupled with key staging sites along the flyway. We suggest that other migratory species may pose similar conservation challenges.
Clinical benefits and safety of renal denervation in severe arterial hypertension: A long‐term follow‐up study
Authors: Naduvathumuriyil Tino , Held Ulrike , Steigmiller Klaus , Denegri Andrea , Cantatore Silviya , Obeid Slayman , Flammer Andreas J. , Ruschitzka Frank , Lüscher Thomas F. , Sudano Isabella
Published: September 2020

The clinical benefits of renal denervation are still under discussion, since randomized controlled clinical studies have provided inconsistent results. The present retrospective study examined the clinical effects of renal denervation with focus on office blood pressure, heart rate, and changes in renal function. Patients with treatment‐resistant hypertension (blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg in spite of 3 antihypertensive drugs including a diuretic) underwent renal denervation at the University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland and were followed up until 36 months. Renal denervation was performed using 3 different renal denervation systems. The primary outcome consisted of change in office blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma creatinine at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after renal denervation. 58 patients underwent renal denervation between August 2010 and December 2017. After exclusion, 50 patients were included in the analyses. At 36 months, the mean office systolic and diastolic blood pressure change was −26.4/‐8.8 mm Hg (95% CI: −34.6 to −18.2/‐13.5 to −4.2 mm Hg; P < .001 for both). Office heart rate showed no significant change during follow‐up (P = .361). Plasma creatinine increased from 90.6 µmol/L (95% CI: 82.1 to 99.0 µmol/L) at baseline to 102.1 µmol/L (95% CI: 95.8 to 108.3 µmol/L) at 36 months (P = .007). No major adverse events occurred. Renal denervation is a safe and effective procedure for patients with treatment‐resistant hypertension with a clinically significant antihypertensive effect. Further randomized trials are needed to determine the specific context within which renal denervation should be considered a therapeutic option in antihypertensive care.
Brief online certification course for measuring blood pressure with an automated blood pressure device. A free new resource to support World Hypertension Day Oct 17, 2020
Authors: Campbell Norm R. C. , Khalsa Tej , Ordunez Pedro , Rodriguez Morales Yenny A. , Zhang Xin‐Hua , Parati Gianfranco , Padwal Raj , Tsuyuki Ross T. , Cloutier Lyne , Sharman James E.
Published: September 2020

Detection, diagnosis, and treatment of hypertension require accurate blood pressure assessment. However, in clinical practice, lack of training in or nonadherence to measurement recommendations, lack of patient preparation, unsuitable environments where blood pressure is measured, and inaccurate and inappropriate equipment are widespread and commonly lead to inaccurate blood pressure readings. This has led to calls to require regular training and certification for people assessing blood pressure. Hence, the Pan American Health Organization in collaboration with Resolve to Save Lives, the World Hypertension League, Lancet Commission on Hypertension Group, and Hypertension Canada has developed a free brief training and certification course in blood pressure measurement. The course is available at www. The release of the online certification course is timed to help support World Hypertension Day. This year World Hypertension Day has been delayed to October 17 due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. For 2020, the World Hypertension League calls on all health care professionals, health care professional organizations, and indeed all of society, to assess the blood pressure of all adults, measure blood pressure accurately, and achieve blood pressure control in those with hypertension.
Group education program for hypertension control
Authors: Meredith Ashley H. , Schmelz Andrew N. , Dawkins Emily , Carter Amy
Published: September 2020

Hypertension continues to be a health crisis, with multiple approaches attempting to define best practices for management. The objective of our hypertension group education program is to improve patient health outcomes through engaging a multidisciplinary health professional team. A 6‐hour group curriculum was created with a focus on nutrition, lifestyle, and medication approaches to hypertension management, while incorporating personally identified behavior change goals and barriers. Outcomes were tracked pre‐program, at program completion, and 6 and 12 months post‐program completion. Program participants demonstrated immediate and sustained improvements in blood pressure readings and attainment of personal behavior change goals. Group hypertension education classes are an effective way to care for patients. Additional healthcare resources should be dedicated to creating and evaluating educational delivery models that are sustainable and provide results over time, including financial implications to the health system.
Social determinants status and hypertension: A Nationwide Cross‐sectional Study in China
Authors: Zheng Congyi , Wang Zengwu , Wang Xin , Chen Zuo , Zhang Linfeng , Kang Yuting , Yang Ying , Jiang Linlin , Gao Runlin ,   for the China Hypertension Survey Investigators
Published: September 2020

To explore the association between unbalanced social determinants status and hypertension (HTN) in China, we conducted a cross‐sectional survey in a sample of 299 220 Chinese in 2012 to 2015. Social determinants status were measured with: (a) district‐level:Per capita GDP (Per_GDP), the number of hospital beds per 1000 residents (Per 1000_bed) and tertiary industry added value (TIAV); (b) individual‐level: education and employment conditions. Compared with the poorest level of Per_GDP, the middle and richest group had higher risk of HTN [OR, 95%CI: 1.12 (1.09‐1.14) and 0.99 (0.96‐1.02)] and higher possibility of HTN awareness, treatment, and control. Higher risk of HTN and lower possibility of awareness, treatment, and control were associated with elevated Per 1000_bed in rural area. Higher possibility of HTN control was associated with the higher TIAV (Ptrend < .001). Those with middle (OR, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.84‐0.88) and senior (OR, 95%CI: 0.72, 0.69‐0.76) education had a decreased risk of HTN and higher HTN control possibility compared to primary. And participants in retirement/unemployment conditions had a higher risk of HTN and higher possibility of HTN awareness, treatment, and control compared with the job‐holders. This study provides evidence from China that social determinants status has a detectable association with HTN. People with a higher economic area living, lower level of education, or retirement/ unemployment conditions has a higher risk of HTN, especially for male or rural residents. And lower possibility of HTN awareness, treatment, and control were associated with worse economic development and social circumstances environment, lower education level, and employment/student conditions.
Anthropometry did not approach adequate predictive accuracies for detecting elevated fasting plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c levels among Chinese children aged 7–9 years
Authors: You Ying‐Bin , Zhou Hua , Han Jing , Zhu Yan‐Hui , Zan Ding , Zhang Qing‐Ying
Published: September 2020

Aims/Introduction

Elevated concentrations of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are well‐established independent risk factors for progression to diabetes, cardiovascular comorbidities and mortality. Most previous studies on the relationships of anthropometric measures with hyperglycemia were carried out among adults and adolescents, but few data are available for the performance predication of the predictors for diagnosing elevated FPG or HbA1c among young children.

Materials and Methods

Involving 5,556 students of aged 7–9 years, a school‐based cross‐sectional survey was carried out between March and June 2019 in Shenzhen, China. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was utilized.

Results

The median was 4.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3–4.8) mmol/L for FPG and 5.3% (IQR 5.1–5.5%) for HbA1c levels for all participants. For detecting elevated FPG, weight (0.651, IQR 0.583–0.719) and waist circumference (0.650, IQR 0.584–0.717) showed the highest area under the curve and 95% confidence interval, followed by body mass index and the z‐score of body mass index (both 0.635, IQR 0.567–0.703); other anthropometric measures showed poorer diagnostic efficiencies or no ability. For detecting elevated HbA1c, lower efficiencies for the Conicity Index (0.651, IQR 0.583–0.719), waist‐to‐height ratio, waist‐to‐hip ratio and waist‐to‐chest ratio were shown. The correlations of FPG and HbA1c levels with anthropometric indices were weak (Spearman’s r ≤ 0.179).

Conclusions

None of the evaluated anthropometric indicators approached an adequate predictive accuracy for the detection of elevated FPG or HbA1c levels in Shenzhen children aged 7–9 years. The current study did not recommend anthropometry screening for prediabetes in young children.
Elevated Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Stroke among the Mexican Older Population
Authors: Meza Erika , Eng Chloe W. , Sáenz Joseph L. , Gilsanz Paola , Glymour Medellena Maria , Torres Jacqueline M.
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

Several longitudinal studies in high‐income countries suggest that depression increases stroke risk. However, few prior studies have evaluated this association in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), where rapidly aging populations may have markedly different vascular risk profiles.

DESIGN

Prospective cohort study.

SETTING

The Mexican Health and Aging Study is a national population‐based study of older adults in Mexico.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 10,693 Mexican adults aged 50 and older enrolled in 2001 with no history of prior stroke.

MEASUREMENTS

Depressive symptoms were assessed with a modified 9‐item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (elevated depressive symptom cutoff ≥5) in 2001 and 2003. We evaluated associations between baseline and short‐term (2‐year) changes in elevated depressive symptoms (categorized as stable low, recently remitted, recent‐onset, or stable high symptoms) with incident self‐reported or next‐of‐kin reported doctor‐diagnosed stroke through 2015 using Cox proportional hazards models and sensitivity analyses applying inverse probability weights.

RESULTS

Over an average follow‐up of 11.4 years (standard deviation = 4.2), 10,693 respondents reported 546 incident strokes. Individuals with elevated baseline depressive symptoms experienced a moderately higher hazard of incident stroke (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .95–1.36) compared with those without elevated baseline depressive symptoms. In analyses of short‐term changes in elevated depressive symptoms (n = 8,808; 414 incident stokes), participants with recent‐onset (HR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.06–1.81) or stable high (HR = 1.42; 95% CI = 1.10–1.84) elevated depressive symptoms had a greater hazard of incident stroke compared to those with stable low/no depressive symptoms, whereas recently remitted (HR = 1.01; 95% CI = .74–1.37) symptoms was not associated with stroke hazard.

CONCLUSION

Strategies to reduce depressive symptoms merit evaluation as approaches to prevent stroke in middle‐income countries. Findings are similar to those in high‐income countries but should be replicated in other LMICs.
Finding Strength in Vulnerability: Ethical Approaches when Conducting Research with Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Mollard Elizabeth , Hatton‐Bowers Holly , Tippens Julie
Published: September 2020

Researchers who desire to make positive changes for vulnerable populations often conduct problem‐focused studies. Although problem‐focused research is important, when such studies are not carefully designed, their results can contribute to a deficit discourse. A deficit discourse is a narrative that describes the person through a myopic lens of negativity characterized only by illness, death, depression, failure, or the like. Deficit discourse negatively affects how health care providers and society interact with vulnerable people. This article discusses deficit discourse in health care and strengths‐based research: an ethical approach to working with vulnerable individuals in research settings and a strategy to overcome deficit discourse. Strengths‐based research approaches balance risks with countermeasures that include areas that are positive and amenable to growth or intervention. Strengths‐based research can be conducted using qualitative, quantitative, or mixed‐methods methodology. Strengths‐based research should be culturally relevant and population‐specific, often including the individuals of study throughout the process. By modifying the research approach, critical problems can be identified and addressed while also emphasizing positive ways to empower individuals and improve their lives. Additionally, these changes better the way researchers and health care providers view and care for people while also challenging deficit discourses in society at large.
Characterization and heme oxygenase‐1 content of extracellular vesicles in human biofluids
Authors: Cressatti Marisa , Galindez Julia M. , Juwara Lamin , Orlovetskie Natalie , Velly Ana M. , Eintracht Shaun , Liberman Adrienne , Gornitsky Mervyn , Schipper Hyman M.
Published: September 2020

Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1), a highly inducible stress protein that degrades heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide, and free ferrous iron, is increased in blood and other biofluids of subjects with various systemic and neurological disorders. HO‐1 does not contain an N‐terminal signal peptide and the mechanism responsible for its secretion remains unknown. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane‐bound inclusions that transport microRNAs, messenger RNAs, lipids, and proteins among diverse cellular and extracellular compartments. The objective of the current study was to determine whether EVs in human biofluids contain HO‐1, and whether the latter may be transported in EVs from brain to periphery. Total, L1 cell adhesion molecule protein (L1CAM)‐enriched (neuron‐derived), and glutamate aspartate transporter 1 (GLAST)‐enriched (astrocyte‐derived) EVs were purified from five different human biofluids (saliva [n = 40], plasma [n = 14], serum [n = 10], urine [n = 10], and cerebrospinal fluid [n = 11]) using polymer precipitation and immuno‐affinity‐based capture methods. L1CAM‐enriched, GLAST‐enriched, and L1CAM/GLAST‐depleted (LGD) EV, along with EV‐depleted (EVD), fractions were validated by nanoparticle tracking analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blot. HO‐1 was assayed in all fractions using ELISA and western blot. The majority of HO‐1 protein was localized to LGD, L1CAM‐enriched, and GLAST‐enriched EVs of all human biofluids surveyed after adjusting for age and sex, with little HO‐1 protein detected in EVD fractions. HO‐1 protein in human biofluids is predominantly localized to EV compartments. A substantial proportion of EV HO‐1 in peripheral human biofluids is derived from the central nervous system and may contribute to the systemic manifestations of various neurological conditions.

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