bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dreaming of pipes: Kathmandu’s long-delayed Melamchi Water Supply Project
Authors: Rest Matthäus
Published: August 2018

For a generation, people in Kathmandu have been waiting for a large drinking water diversion project to relieve them of a severe water shortage. Recounting the history of the Melamchi Water Supply Project through interviews, project documentation, and media reports, this article argues that an analysis of unfinished infrastructure has to take into account the recalcitrance of more-than-human forms, in particular matter like water and rock, as well as institutions like government ministries and international donor agencies. In the case of Melamchi, the lack of control over both matter and such institutional actors delayed the completion of the project – as is the case with a number of large-scale hydropower projects in the country. Despite this obvious inability to complete infrastructures, elites have built the promise of a prosperous future for Nepal on its water resources and the export of electricity. By conceptualizing Melamchi as an infrastructural meshwork in Ingold’s understanding and Nepal as an unfinished hydraulic state, I aim to contribute to the growing literature complicating Wittfogel’s idea of the hydrosocial.
Effects of l-Carnitine on the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone, Luteinizing Hormone, Testosterone, and Testicular Tissue Oxidative Stress Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Rezaei Nourollah , Mardanshahi Tahereh , Shafaroudi Majid Malekzadeh , Abedian Saeed , Mohammadi Hamid , Zare Zohre
Published: August 2018

The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant property of l-carnitine (LC) on serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone (TH) and testis oxidative stress in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The rats were divided into the following groups: group I, control; group II, LC 100 mg/kg/d; group III, diabetic; and groups IV to VI, diabetic rats treated with 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/d of LC, respectively. Daily injections were given intraperitoneally for 7 weeks. At the end of experimental period, after sacrificing the rats, FSH, LH, TH, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), mitochondrial function (MTT), protein carbonyl (PC), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured. STZ caused an elevation of MDA, ROS, and PC ( P < .001) with reduction of GSH, CAT, TAC, and MTT ( P < .001) in the serum levels. Group VI had significantly increased FSH, LH, and TH levels versus the untreated diabetic group ( P < .001). Although groups V and VI significantly decreased MDA ( P < .001), PC ( P < .01), and ROS ( P < .01) compared with the untreated diabetic group; only in group VI, the activity of GSH ( P < .001), CAT ( P < .01), TAC ( P < .001), and MTT ( P < .001) significantly increased. The results of the present study suggest that LC decreased diabetes-induced oxidative stress complications and also improved serum level of FSH, LH, and TH by reducing levels of lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidant enzymes.
Foundation News
Authors: Ford Linda
Published: August 2018

SEG scholarships provide important tangible benefits to students, such as funding to cover tuition, fees, and other education-related expenses, but the intangible benefits are critical as well. Recognition of achievement by a professional organization such as SEG encourages students in the early stages of their education to continue pursuing and developing their interests in geophysics. SEG scholarships play a crucial role in advancing the mission of connecting the world of applied geophysics.
Annual Meeting preview
Authors: Taylor Kelsy
Published: August 2018

Set your sails to join more than 6000 geoscientists from all over the world in Anaheim, California, for the SEG International Exposition and 88th Annual Meeting 14–19 October. This year marks the meeting's return to the West Coast and Anaheim in particular. The meeting hasn't been held in the city since 1988, and the only instance prior to that was in 1972.
Exploratory analysis of affiliation information in Geophysics articles from 1936 to 2017
Authors: Vlad Ioan
Published: August 2018

Author affiliation information has been extracted from the online issues of Geophysics dating back to 1936. This information has been parsed to identify which affiliations belong to the industry, which belong to research institutions, and which belong to individual universities. Visualizing this data uncovered long-term trends, such as the exponential growth in the yearly number of articles published, the continuous decline of industry publications in relative terms since 1936 and in absolute terms since 1981, the decline in publications by some countries and rise in publications by others, and the increase in collaboration measures such as the number of authors per article and team size. Understanding these trends may be valuable both for institutional decision making and for individual career planning.
Reviews
Authors: MacGregor Lucy , Avakian Robert W.
Published: August 2018

Computational Statistics in the Earth Sciences, by Alan Chave, ISBN 978-1-10709-600-4, 2017, Cambridge University Press, 464 p. Fluid-Induced Seismicity, by Serge A. Shapiro, ISBN: 978-1-108-44792-8, 2018, Cambridge University Press, 298 p.
Effects of Leptin on the Skeleton
Authors: Reid Ian R , Baldock Paul A , Cornish Jillian
Published: August 2018

Leptin originates in adipocytes, including those in bone marrow, and circulates in concentrations 20 to 90 times higher than those in the cerebrospinal fluid. It has direct anabolic effects on osteoblasts and chondrocytes, but it also influences bone indirectly, via the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system, via changes in body weight, and via effects on the production of other hormones (e.g., pituitary). Leptin’s role in bone physiology is determined by the balance of these conflicting effects. Reflecting this inconsistency, the leptin-deficient mouse has reduced length and bone mineral content of long bones but increased vertebral trabecular bone. A consistent bone phenotype in human leptin deficiency has not been established. Systemic leptin administration in animals and humans usually exerts a positive effect on bone mass, and leptin administration into the cerebral ventricles usually normalizes the bone phenotype in leptin-deficient mice. Reflecting the role of the sympathetic nervous system in mediating the central catabolic effects of leptin on the skeleton, β-adrenergic agonists and antagonists have major effects on bone in mice, but this is not consistently seen in humans. The balance of the central and peripheral effects of leptin on bone remains an area of substantial controversy and might vary between species and according to other factors such as body weight, baseline circulating leptin levels, and the presence of specific pathologies. In humans, leptin is likely to contribute to the positive relationship observed between adiposity and bone density, which allows the skeleton to respond appropriately to changes in soft tissue mass.
Critical Consideration of Myxedema Coma in the Postoperative Setting: A Case Report
Authors: Tran Minh , Vincent Lauren , Ho Gordon , Kelly Kaitlyn , Bouvet Michael , Meier Angela
Published: August 2018

Myxedema coma is a rare but highly fatal condition with reported mortality >40%–50%. Early recognition and prompt treatment are critical for survival. Here we describe a case of possible postoperative myxedema coma after subacute neck hematoma evacuation after hemithyroidectomy in a patient on concurrent amiodarone therapy. Symptoms included somnolence, hypothermia, and prolonged QTc with torsades de pointes resistant to magnesium therapy requiring defibrillation and overdrive pacing. Consideration of the possible diagnosis of myxedema coma resulted in prompt therapy and symptom resolution within 48 hours. Thyroid disorders, although rare, should be considered in the postoperative setting.
Inadvertent Spinal Anesthesia During Ultrasound-Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Nerve Block in a Patient With Nerve Root Sheath Cyst: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Xu Xiaoqing , Yuan Hongjie
Published: August 2018

An ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral nerve block was administered for left-sided abdominal pain. Lidocaine 0.4% (9.5 mL) was injected. Spinal anesthesia developed after the injection that resolved after 3 hours. One week later, a magnetic resonance imaging scan of thoracic spine identified a left T10 nerve root sheath cyst. It was postulated that the local anesthetic was injected into the cyst, which communicated with the subarachnoid space. This case report demonstrates the anatomic variations of nerve root sheath cyst sites and the risk of injection into intranerve root sheath cysts during interventional procedures.
Idebenone and coenzyme Q10 are novel PPARα/γ ligands, with potential for treatment of fatty liver diseases
Authors: Tiefenbach Jens , Magomedova Lilia , Liu Jiabao , Reunov Arkadiy A. , Tsai Ricky , Eappen Neena S. , Jockusch Rebecca A. , Nislow Corey , Cummins Carolyn L. , Krause Henry M.
Published: August 2018

Current peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-targeted drugs, such as the PPARγ-directed diabetes drug rosiglitazone, are associated with undesirable side effects due to robust agonist activity in non-target tissues. To find new PPAR ligands with fewer toxic effects, we generated transgenic zebrafish that can be screened in high throughput for new tissue-selective PPAR partial agonists. A structural analog of coenzyme Q10 (idebenone) that elicits spatially restricted partial agonist activity for both PPARα and PPARγ was identified. Coenzyme Q10 was also found to bind and activate both PPARs in a similar fashion, suggesting an endogenous role in relaying the states of mitochondria, peroxisomes and cellular redox to the two receptors. Testing idebenone in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes revealed the ability to reverse fatty liver development. These findings indicate new mechanisms of action for both PPARα and PPARγ, and new potential treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and steatosis.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and performance
Authors: Kekäläinen Jukka , Oskoei Párástu , Janhunen Matti , Koskinen Heikki , Kortet Raine , Huuskonen Hannu
Published: August 2018

Sperm pre-fertilization environment has recently been suggested to mediate remarkable transgenerational consequences for offspring phenotype (transgenerational plasticity, TGB), but the adaptive significance of the process has remained unclear. Here, we studied the transgenerational effects of sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment in a cold-adapted salmonid, the European whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.). We used a full-factorial breeding design where the eggs of five females were fertilized with the milt of 10 males that had been pre-incubated at two different temperatures (3.5°C and 6.5°C) for 15 hours prior to fertilization. Thermal manipulation did not affect sperm motility, cell size, fertilization success or embryo mortality. However, offspring that were fertilized with warm-treated milt were smaller and had poorer swimming performance than their full-siblings that had been fertilized with cold-treated milt. Furthermore, the effect of milt treatment on embryo mortality varied among different females (treatment×female interaction) and male-female combinations (treatment×female×male interaction). Together these results indicate that sperm pre-fertilization thermal environment shapes offspring phenotype and post-hatching performance and modify both the magnitude of female (dam) effects and the compatibility of the gametes. Generally, our results suggest that short-term changes in sperm thermal conditions may have negative impact for offspring fitness. Thus, sperm thermal environment may have an important role in determining the adaptation potential of organisms to climate change. Detailed mechanism(s) behind our findings require further attention.
Identification of the role of Rh protein in ammonia excretion of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus
Authors: Si Lingjun , Pan Luqing , Wang Hongdan , Zhang Xin
Published: August 2018

In Portunus trituberculatus, a full-length cDNA of Rhesus-like glycoprotein (Rh protein), the whole 478 amino acids, has been identified in gills, which plays an essential role in ammonia (NH3 /NH4+) excretion. Phylogenetic analysis of the Rh-like proteins from crabs was clustered, showing high conservation of the ammonium transporter domain and transmembrane segments essential to the function of Rh protein. Rh protein of P. trituberculatus (PtRh) was detected in all tested tissues, and showed the highest expression in gills. To further characterize the role of PtRh in ammonia metabolism and excretion, a double-stranded RNA-mediated RNA interference of PtRh was employed. The knockdown of PtRh up-regulated mRNA expression of ammonia excretion related genes aquaporin (AQP), K+-channel, vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP), increased activities of Na+ /K+ -ATPase (NKA) and V-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), whereas the Na+/H+-exchanger (NHE) expression reduced firstly and then elevated. dsRNA-mediated reductions in PtRh significantly reduced ammonia excretion rate and increased ammonia and glutamine (Gln) levels in hemolymph, together with increase of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activites, indicating a central role for PtRh in ammonia excretion and detoxification mechanisms. Taken together, we conclude that the Rh protein is a primary contributor to ammonia excretion of P. trituberculatus, which may be the basis of their ability to inhabit benthic water with high ammonia levels.
Effects of temperature on juvenile Dungeness crab,Metacarcinus magister(Dana): survival, moulting, and mTOR signalling and neuropeptide gene expression in eyestalk ganglia, moulting gland (Y-organ), and heart
Authors: Wittmann Astrid C. , Benrabaa Samiha A. M. , López-Cerón Diego Alejandro , Chang Ernest S. , Mykles Donald L.
Published: August 2018

Mechanistic target of rapamymcin (mTOR) is a highly conserved protein kinase that controls cellular protein synthesis and energy homeostasis. We hypothesize that mTOR integrates intrinsic signals (moulting hormones) and extrinsic signals (thermal stress) to regulate moulting and growth in decapod crustaceans. The effects of temperature on survival, moulting, and mRNA levels of mTOR signalling genes (Mm-Rheb, Mm-mTOR, Mm-AMPKα, Mm-S6K, and Mm-AKT) and neuropeptides (Mm-CHH and Mm-MIH) were quantified in juvenile Metacarcinus magister. Crabs at different moult stages (12 d, 18 d or 26 d postmoult) were transferred from ambient temperature (∼15°C) to temperatures between 5 and 30°C for up to 14 days. Survival was 97-100% from 5 to 20°C, but none survived at 25°C and 30°C. Moult stage progression accelerated from 5 to 15°C, but not further at 20°C. In eyestalk ganglia, Mm-Rheb, Mm-AMPKα, and Mm-AKT mRNA levels decreased with increasing temperatures. Mm-MIH and Mm-CHH mRNA levels were lowest in the eyestalk ganglia of mid-premoult animals at 20°C. In Y-organ, Mm-Rheb mRNA level decreased with increasing temperature and increased during premoult and was positively correlated with haemolymph ecdysteroid titre. In heart, moult stage had no effect on mTOR signalling gene mRNA levels; only Mm-Rheb, Mm-S6K, and Mm-mTOR mRNA levels were higher in intermoult animals at 10°C. These data suggest that temperature compensation of neuropeptide and mTOR signalling gene expression in eyestalk ganglia and Y-organ contributes to regulate moulting in the 10°C to 20°C range. The limited warm compensation in heart may contribute to mortality at temperatures above 20°C.
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Series of Binuclear Pd(II) Biscatecholato Complexes: Non-Innocent Ligand-Based Approach to a Wide Range of Variation in Near-Infrared Absorptions of Mixed-Valence Complexes
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Kadowaki Tomoya , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Ozawa Yoshiki , Yoshimoto Soichiro , Abe Masaaki
Published: August 2018

In this study, we report synthesis of a new series of mixed-valence (MV) complexes having intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) energies variable from the first to the third telecommunication window. This wide-range modulation was achieved by variation of covalently-dimerized catecholato ligands, in combination with Pd(II) ions, which lowered the oxidation potentials and enabled access to MV states. Importantly, we found that regulation of the conjugation lengths enabled energy gap control and annulation of an additional benzene ring switched the nature of the IVCT transitions. These changes were accompanied by a cross-over from moderately delocalized Class II to delocalized Class III character according to the Robin-Day classification. Through accurate comparisons with well-known ferrocene counterparts and their hetero-conjugate, our non-innocent ligand-based approach is found to be effective for controlling IVCT parameters. These findings offer a new approach to materials design for electro-optic switching.
The Market for Used Capital: Endogenous Irreversibility and Reallocation over the Business Cycle
Authors: Lanteri Andrea
Published: August 2018

This paper studies the business-cycle dynamics of secondary markets for physical capital and their effects on the macroeconomy. In the data, both capital reallocation and the price of used capital are procyclical. To rationalize these facts, I propose a model with endogenous partial irreversibility, where used investment goods are imperfect substitutes for new ones because of firm-level capital specificity. Equilibrium dynamics in the market for used capital induce countercyclical dispersion of marginal products of capital, propagate movements in aggregate TFP, and provide a microfoundation for state-dependent nonconvex capital adjustment costs. (JEL E22, E23, E32, G31)
Equal but Inequitable: Who Benefits from Gender-Neutral Tenure Clock Stopping Policies?
Authors: Antecol Heather , Bedard Kelly , Stearns Jenna
Published: August 2018

Many skilled professional occupations are characterized by an early period of intensive skill accumulation and career establishment. Examples include law firm associates, surgical residents, and untenured faculty at research-intensive universities. High female exit rates are sometimes blamed on the inability of new mothers to survive the sustained negative productivity shock associated with childbearing and early childrearing in these environments. Gender-neutral family policies have been adopted in some professions in an attempt to “level the playing field.” The gender-neutral tenure clock stopping policies adopted by the majority of research-intensive universities in the United States in recent decades are an excellent example. But to date, there is no empirical evidence showing that these policies help women. Using a unique dataset on the universe of assistant professor hires at top-50 economics departments from 1980–2005, we show that the adoption of gender-neutral tenure clock stopping policies substantially reduced female tenure rates while substantially increasing male tenure rates. However, these policies do not reduce the probability that either men or women eventually earn tenure in the profession. (JEL I23, J16, J24, J32, J44)
Central sensitization and pain hypersensitivity: Some critical considerations.
Authors: van den Broeke Emanuel N.
Published: August 2018

Since its discovery, central sensitization has gained enormous popularity. It is widely used to explain pain hypersensitivity in a wide range of clinical pain conditions. However, at present there is no general consensus on the definition of central sensitization. Moreover, the use of the term central sensitization in the clinical domain has been criticized. The aim of this paper is to foster the discussion on the definition of central sensitization and its use.
Carbapenems as water soluble organocatalysts
Authors: Williams Thomas L. , Nödling Alexander R. , Tsai Yu-Hsuan , Luk Louis Y. P.
Published: August 2018

Background: Identification of organocatalysts functioning in aqueous environments will provide methods for more sustainable chemical transformations and allow tandem reactions with biocatalysts, like enzymes. Here we examine three water-soluble carbapenem antibiotics (meropenem, doripenem, and ertapenem) as secondary amine organocatalysts in aqueous environments.

Methods: The Michael addition of nitromethane to cinnamaldehyde was used as the model reaction. The reactions were monitored by 1H NMR, and the enantioselectivity was determined by chiral HPLC.  

Results: The effects of buffer components, pH, organic co-solvents and anchoring into a protein scaffold were investigated. Moderate yields of the Michael addition were obtained in buffer alone. The use of methanol as a co-solvent in a ratio of 1:1 increases the yield by 50%. Anchoring of the catalysts into a protein backbone reverses the enatioselectivity of the reaction.

Conclusions: Despite only moderate yields and enantioselectivities being obtained, this study lays the foundations for future development of efficient organocatalysis in aqueous environments.
Biologia de Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) em folhas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava)
Authors: Alvarenga Clarice Diniz , Souza Hugo Ribeiro , Giustolin Teresinha Augusta , Matrangolo Carlos Augusto Rodrigues , Silva Joseilton Faria
Published: August 2018

Resumo: A biologia de Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray foi estudada em laboratório, quando estes insetos foram alimentados com folhas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). Espécimes de C. phyllinus, recém eclodidos e alimentados com folhas de goiabeira foram mantidos em gaiolas adaptadas de garrafas pet de 2 L, as quais foram trocadas à medida que as dimensões do corpo destes insetos aumentavam. Foram avaliados o período de incubação, o número e a duração dos ínstares ninfais de machos e fêmeas, a longevidade dos adultos, o período de pré-oviposição e de oviposição, o número de ovos por fêmeas e a viabilidade destes. O período de incubação foi de 115,45 dias, a duração média do período ninfal dos machos foi de 102,62 e 117,67 dias, para os insetos com cinco e seis instares, respectivamente. Para as fêmeas o período ninfal médio foi de 163,27 e 179,25 dias, para os insetos com oito e nove instares, respectivamente. Os períodos de pré-oviposição e oviposição foram de 29,44 e 164,4 dias, respectivamente. Cada fêmea colocou, em média, 392,33 ovos, com viabilidade média de 22,26%. As fêmeas possuem uma longevidade maior do que a dos machos, podendo viver até oito meses de idade, enquanto, os machos vivem no máximo cinco meses de idade. Essa espécie possui baixa capacidade reprodutiva, principalmente devido ao longo período embrionário e a baixa viabilidade dos ovos.Biology of Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae) reared on guava tree leaves (Psidium guajava)Abstract: The biology of Cladomorphus phyllinus Gray was studied in laboratory, when these insects were fed with guava tree leaves (Psidium guajava L.). Newly hatched specimens of C. phyllinus and fed guava tree leaves were kept in cages adapted from 2 L pet bottles, which were changed as the body dimensions of these insects increased. The incubation period, number and duration of nymph instars of males and females, adult longevity, pre-oviposition and oviposition period, number of eggs per females and viability were evaluated. The incubation period was 115.45 days, the mean duration of the nymph males period was 102.62 and 117.67 days for insects with five and six instars, respectively. For females the mean nymph period was 163.27 and 179.25 days for insects with eight and nine instars, respectively. The pre-oviposition and oviposition periods were 29.44 and 164.4 days, respectively. Each female placed, on average, 392.33 eggs, with average viability of 22.26%. Females have a longer longevity than males, and can live up to eight months of age, while males live at most five months of age. This species has low reproductive capacity, mainly due to the long embryonic period and the low viability of the eggs.
Who Consults Us and Why? An Evaluation of Medicine Consult/Comanagement Services at Academic Medical Centers
Authors: Wang Emily S. , Moreland Christopher , Shoffeitt Michael , Leykum Luci K. ,   Medicine Consult/Comanagement Consortium
Published: August 2018

Although general medicine consultation is an integral component of inpatient medical care and a requirement of internal medicine training, little is known about current consultative practice. We used a cross‐sectional, prospective survey design to examine current practices at 11 academic medical centers over four two‐week periods from July 2014 through July 2015. Out of 11 consult services, four had comanagement agreements with surgical services, primarily with orthopedic surgery. We collected data regarding 1,264 consultation requests. Most requests (82.2%) originated from surgical services, with most requests originating from either orthopedic surgery (44.4%) or neurosurgery (11.6%). The most common reason for consultation at sites with a consult and comanagement service was medical management/comanagement (23.3%) and at sites with a consultonly service was preoperative evaluation (16.4%). On average, consultants addressed more than two reasons per encounter. Many of these reasons were unidentified by the consulting service. Learners on these services should perform comprehensive evaluations to identify potentially unidentified issues.
Sparse Recovery via Partial Regularization: Models, Theory, and Algorithms
Authors: Lu Zhaosong , Li Xiaorui
Published: August 2018

In the context of sparse recovery, it is known that most of the existing regularizers such as ℓ1 suffer from some bias incurred by some leading entries (in magnitude) of the associated vector. To neutralize this bias, we propose a class of models with partial regularizers for recovering a sparse solution of a linear system. We show that every local minimizer of these models is substantially sparse or the magnitude of all of its nonzero entries is above a uniform constant depending only on the data of the linear system. Moreover, for a class of partial regularizers, any global minimizer of these models is a sparsest solution to the linear system. We also establish some sufficient conditions for local or global recovery of the sparsest solution to the linear system, among which one of the conditions is weaker than the best-known restricted isometry property condition for sparse recovery by ℓ1. In addition, a first-order augmented Lagrangian (FAL) method is proposed for solving these models, in which each subproblem is solved by a nonmonotone proximal gradient (NPG) method. Despite the complication of the partial regularizers, we show that each proximal subproblem in NPG can be solved as a certain number of one-dimensional optimization problems, which usually have a closed-form solution. We also show that any accumulation point of the sequence generated by FAL is a first-order stationary point of the models. Numerical results on compressed sensing and sparse logistic regression demonstrate that the proposed models substantially outperform the widely used ones in the literature in terms of solution quality.
Analysis of the International Responsibility System of Climate Change
Authors: Davanlou Mona , Abbas Poorhashemi Seyed , Zare Ali , Abdollahi Mohsen
Published: August 2018

International state responsibility is one of the most attractive and most important and, at the same time, the most complex area of international law, and its precise explanation, as well as its commitment, plays a great role in the development of international law enforcement. Today, climate change is one of the common and significant concerns of the international community. Despite the sensitivity and importance of the issue, there has been no significant correlation to solve this problem. With regard to the international law approach, this study seeks to use the subject of international responsibility as an effective mechanism for combating climate change. Moreover, it tries to address Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Consensus in addition to brief look at the past, focusing on recent developments on climate change, and relying on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in order to summarize the latest achievements of international law in this field. Besides, it also discusses the effective liability of the states that can prevent and compensate for these changes.
Investigation of Waste Water Quality Parameters Discharged from Textile Manufacturing Industries of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahasanur Rabbi M. , Hossen Jewel , Mirja Sarwar Md. , Kanti Roy Pijush , Binte Shaheed Sharmin , Mehedi Hasan M.
Published: August 2018

Textile manufacturing sector is the strongest root of the economy of Bangladesh while pollution by inappropriate management of waste water from textile dyeing industries is one of the major environmental problems. Textile processing employs an assortment of chemicals, contingent upon the idea of the crude materials and items. Environmental problems caused by the the textile industry are mainly the discharges of waste water. The wellspring of waste water contamination are the wet handling steps which incorporate measuring, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, coloring, printing etc. The present study was aimed at physico-chemical evaluation of waste water discharged by some garments industries. While in some waste water high pH values have been recorded, the pH values of the waste water before and after treatments were found in between the standard range. The Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS) and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) values for waste water before treatment were found to be much higher than the permissible limits. For some industries the BOD, COD, TDS and TSS values of the outlet water from effluent treatment plant (ETP) were also found beyond the standard limits.
Repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty for prosthetic hip re-infection
Authors: Brown T. S. , Fehring K. A. , Ollivier M. , Mabry T. M. , Hanssen A. D. , Abdel M. P.
Published: August 2018

Aims

Recurrent infection following two-stage revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) for prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication. The purpose of this study was to report the survival of repeat two-stage revision hip arthroplasty, describe complications, and identify risk factors for failure.

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively identified 19 hips (19 patients) that had undergone repeat two-stage revision THA for infection between 2000 to 2013. There were seven female patients (37%) and the mean age was 60 years (30 to 85). Survival free from revision was assessed via Kaplan–Meier analysis. The patients were classified according to the Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) system, and risk factors for failure were identified. Mean follow-up was four years (2 to 11).

Results

Gram-positive bacteria were responsible for 16/17 (94%) of the re-infections where microbes were identified. Following the repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty, survival free from any revision was 74% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56% to 96%, 14 at risk) at two years and 45% (95% CI 25% to 75%, five at risk) at five years. Failure to control infection resulted in re-operation or revision in 42%A of patients (8/19). Survival free from revision was not dependent on host grade.

Conclusion

Re-infection after two-stage exchange hip arthroplasty for PJI presents a challenging scenario. Repeat two-stage exchange arthroplasty has a low survival free from revision at five years (45%) and a high rate of re-infection (42%). Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:1157–61.
PULVERIZAÇÃO HIDROPNEUMÁTICA USANDO EQUIPAMENTOS COM E SEM ASSISTÊNCIA ELETROSTÁTICA EM CAFEEIRO CONILON
Authors: Da Vitória Edney Leandro , Rodrigues Joice Paraguassú , Simon Carla Da Penha , Pereira Raphaela Correia
Published: August 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar a deposição de calda pulverizada e espectro de gotas no cafeeiro Conilon e as perdas proporcionadas com pulverizador hidropneumático, com e sem assistência eletrostática. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com oito tratamentos (volumes de calda) e quatro repetições. Os volumes de calda com e sem assistência eletrostática, após diferirem em todas as características avaliadas no teste Skott-Knott, foram estudados separadamente. Para análise estatística da deposição, utilizou-se o esquema fatorial 4 (volumes de calda) x 2 (posições). Para análise do espectro de gotas, utilizou-se o esquema fatorial 4 (volumes de calda) x 3 (posições). Os volumes de calda pulverizados com a assistência eletrostática mostram resultados promissores para a tecnologia de aplicação dos produtos fitossanitários no cafeeiro Conilon, visto que a endoderiva foi reduzida em até 850%, a exoderiva em 323% e apresentou índices satisfatórios de cobertura e densidade de gotas.
PROBABILITY OF PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONS OCCURRENCE IN DIFFERENT LANDFORMS
Authors: Lima Julião Soares de Souza , Silva Samuel Assis , Pereira Daniel Pena , Altoé Marcelo Soares
Published: August 2018

Knowing the variation of particle-size fractions, considering the relief forms, contributes for understanding the variation of other soil attributes. This work aimed to study the spatial distribution of the probability of particle-size fractions occurrence (clay, silt, very fine sand, fine sand, coarse sand, and total sand) in a clayey Oxisol with predominance of concave and convex curvatures. A sampling grid with 94 sampling points in 33x33m spacing at a depth of 0–0.20 m was built using a GPS. The spatial analysis was performed through indicator kriging. The spherical model was fit for all soil fractions, with ranges varying from 130 m to 280 m. In the region of convex curvature, the clay fraction presented the highest probability of occurrence (0.75 to 1.00), whereas in the concave region the coarse sand and total sand fractions presented the highest probability of occurrence. The very fine sand fraction and the silt did not present pattern of distribution in relation to the dominant curvatures of the relief.
NOTA TÉCNICA: MÉTODO PARA SELEÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES EM AGROINDÚSTRIAS DE MICRO E PEQUENO PORTE
Authors: Lima Luiz Paulo de , Ferreira Aline Gomes , Lommez Vaz Lucas Rafael , Andrade Willian Rufino , Souza Ferreira Cecília De Fátima
Published: August 2018

O tratamento adequado de resíduos agroindustriais é obrigatório, independentemente do perfil e do porte da atividade. Contudo, a seleção de um sistema de tratamento considerando aspectos econômicos, ambientais e sociais não é uma decisão simples. Dessa forma, neste estudo, propõe-se um método para a tomada de decisão no processo de escolha de sistema de tratamento de efluentes agroindustriais. O método proposto baseia-se na pontuação ponderada de indicadores de sustentabilidade para direcionar a tomada de decisão, levando-se em consideração as especificidades do empreendimento. A fim de exemplificar a utilização do método, utilizou-se um estudo de caso para um laticínio de pequeno porte. Os resultados indicaram que o método apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável para a seleção de sistemas de tratamento de efluentes agroindustriais de micro e pequeno porte. No estudo de caso proposto, o sistema de tratamento mais adequado foi o constituído de tratamento preliminar, seguido de reator anaeróbio (UASB). A principal vantagem do método é a capacidade de ajuste dos indicadores e de seus respectivos pesos, em função das especificidades de cada projeto. Entretanto, essa subjetividade associada à escolha dos indicadores e à atribuição dos pesos pode resultar em tomadas de decisão inadequadas, caso estes aspectos não sejam avaliados adequadamente.
Improvement of DSOGI PLL Synchronization Algorithm with Filter on Three-Phase Grid-connected Photovoltaic System
Authors: Izah Rofiatul , Subiyanto Subiyanto , Prastiyanto Dhidik
Published: August 2018

Synchronous Reference Frame Phase Locked Loop (SRF PLL) has been widely used for synchronization three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. On the grid fault, SRF PLL distorted by negative sequence component and grid harmonic that caused an error in estimating parameter because of ripple and oscillation. This work combined SRF PLL with Dual Second Order Generalized Integrator (DSOGI) and filter to minimize ripple and minimize oscillation in the phase estimation and frequency estimation. DSOGI was used for filtering and obtaining the 90o shifted versions from the vαβ signals. These signals (vαβ) were generated from three phase grid voltage signal using Clarke transform. The vαβ signal was the inputs to the positive-sequence calculator (PSC). The positive-sequence vαβ was transformed to the dq synchronous reference frame and became an input to SRF-PLL to create the estimation frequency. This estimation frequency from SRF PLL was filtered by the low-pass filter to decrease grid harmonic. Moreover, the output of low-pass filter was a frequency adaptive. The performance of DSOGI PLL with filter is compared with DSOGI PLL, SRF PLL, and IEEE standard 1547(TM)-2003. The improvement of DSOGI PLL with filter gave better performances than DSOGI PLL and SRF PLLbecause it minimized ripples and oscillations in the phase and frequency estimations.
BRIDGING THE GAPS : A PARADIGMATIC INSIGHT INTO PHILOSOPHY OF LAW
Authors: Indarti Erlyn
Published: August 2018

Paradigm represents a worldview that defines, for its holder, the nature of theworld, the individual's place in it, and the range of possible relationships to thatworld and its parts. It comprises of four main elements, i.e. ontology, epistemology,methodology, and methods. Within the discipline of law, there seem to be two setsof gaps separating philosophy of law's building blocks that dissociate, first, legalpractice from legal theory and, second, legal science from legal philosophy. It isthe purpose of this article, with the help of paradigmatic insight, to bridge thosegaps.Keywords: law, philosophy of law, paradigm, paradigmatic study of law
CONSTITUTIONAL HERMENEUTIC: A FAITH IN CONSTITUTION INTERPRETATION
Authors: Hermawan M. Ilham
Published: August 2018

Hermeneutics can be used as a foundation of understanding on the interpretation of the constitution. Hermeneutic goal is not to develop a set of rules or procedures (methods) on textual interpretation, but as meta in the interpretation. Problems of constitutional interpretation cannot be blasted between theories that exist in the interpretation of the constitution. Clash between theories will not be able to resolve the constitutional issue. Each theory has a foundation of rationality and justification of each method. Therefore, the settlement should be drawn more into the realm of deep again, i.e. into the realm of ontology. The purpose is not to develop a set of rules or procedures on the interpretation of the text “method (be cognitive)” but the search for answers to no interpretation itself “ontis”. So objectivity lies in philosophy, then identified “not on what we do or we should do (in interpretation), but what happens to us other than what we want and do”. So it is clear that the hermeneutic assemble themselves on things that are ontological, and identify relationships that cannot be changed between the reader with the text, in the past and the present, which appears at the beginning of understanding. Keywords : constitutional, hermeneutic, constitution interpretation
BATANG STEAM POWER PLANT, THE STRUGGLE OF INTERESTS BETWEEN THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Priyono Ery Agus
Published: August 2018

The electricity power crisis will hit the island of Java 2018 due to growth in electrical load continues to increase with growth per year to reach about nine percent. Steam Power Plant in Batang District has become the main hope in overcoming the electricity power crisis, especially in Java and Bali.Construction of the power plant in the district of Batang situated on land and at sea. There is no problem with land area because it has in accordance with the Spatial Batang District regulation, but the position at sea It crash to Government Law (PP) no. 26 year 2008 of National Spatial Plan. It triggers a conflict between central and local governments on the one hand with the local community on the other hand. Resolution of the conflict can not be patterned positivistic application of the law but the application of laws that are pluralism that enables a win-win solution.
JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM THROUGH DIVERSION AND RESTORATIVE JUSTICE POLICY
Authors: Listyarini Dyah
Published: August 2018

Indonesia as a state of law has ratified several international human rights instruments, especially the Convention on the Rights of the Child, in which the state should ensure the protection, respect, fulfillment, promotion, and enforcement of children's rights. In fact, many children have been treated unjustly in the fulfillment of their rights when conflicting with the law.  Methods of legal protection of the rights of children conflicting with the law are based on the provision that “every child has the right to survive, grow and develop as well as the right to protection from violence and discrimination”. Other ways to protect children’s rights may also include the policy that children conflicting with the law should be treated humanely in accordance with their dignity and rights; special personnel should be provided for their companion and counseling; sanctions should be appropriated for the best interests of the children; and special facilities and infrastructure for children should be equally provided. This means that appropriate sanctions should hence be supported through the process of resolving cases using the principle of “diverse and restorative justice  The concept of diverse and restorative justice can be applied to the crime of under 7th-year punishments and non-repeated crime. Methods for handling children who have conflicts with the law have hitherto emphasized on normative juridical processes such as investigation, prosecution, and examination of the case by the judge (in court). The processes, however, have not guidelines or technical manuals for law enforcement officers to implement the non-litigation settlement for children cases
TAKAFUL AGENT MUST FOSTER PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF TAKAFUL
Authors: Ahmad Samsuri Muhammad Adi Zhafri , Jamal Jasri
Published: August 2018

The Takaful industries need agents to market the Takaful products to the public. Takaful agents play a great role in current marketing practice for Takaful distribution. Besides representing their operators and products, the agents would present this Takaful as an Islamic Insurance. The agents need to foster public understanding of Takaful instead of Conventional Insurance. To achieve this, all of the values as stated in the Al-Quran and practice through the Sunnah will be implemented by the Takaful agents to realize the objective of Takaful as an Islamic alternative for conventional Insurance. Of course this can be an option for the public to choose either one, but still, as Muslim people, we should support Takaful for Muslim sake.
THE PROLIFERATION SYMPTOMS OF POLITICAL DYNASTIES IN BANTEN UNDER THE ERA OF GOVERNOR RATU ATUT CHOSIYAH'S
Authors: Sutisna Agus
Published: August 2018

Since forming into independent provinces, apart from West Java, Banten political life was marked by the strengthening of the symptoms of a political dynasty, both at the provincial and district and city. At the provincial level, the dominance of the local strongmen, Tb. Chasan Sochib in political of Banten very prominent and managed to put his son, Ratu Atut Chosiyah the governorship for almost two periods (2006-2011 and 2011-2014). Post success in occupying the post of governor, hypothetically Ratu Atut successfully build and develop a political dynasty to the various arenas of public life. This research was carried out on the object of governance and practices of government power governor of Banten province, with the aim to identify and explain how the practice of political dynasties or political kinship in Banten province in the era of the leadership of Governor Ratu Atut Chosiyah proliferate (distribution, diasporic) in various arenas of public life. This study used a qualitative approach, the method of collecting data and information through interviews, triangulation, literature and documents. The results showed that the practice of political dynasties in the era of the leadership of Governor Ratu Atut Chosiyah in Banten show any symptoms of the spread (proliferation, diasporic), not only in the realm of executive and legislative power, but also spread in many arenas of life of society, such as the arena business life, socio-cultural, educational, and organizational.
MUDHARABAH FINANCING SUPERVISION OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN INDONESIA
Authors: Heradhyaksa Bagas , Markom Ruzian
Published: August 2018

The regulation in Indonesia states that the supervision of mudharabah financing is the right of Islamic bank. The Regulation of Indonesian Bank number 7/46/PBI/2005 section 6 subsection C and in The Circular Letter of Indonesian Bank number 10/14/Dpbs states that the supervision is done by reviewing and requesting evidence from customer's business result report without being given more detailed about the procedure of conducting mudharabah financing supervision. The purpose of this research is to analyze regulation that regarding the mudharabah financing supervision inIslamic banking. The methodology used in this research is empirical juridical method. We applied the method by comparing between the existing regulations with the reality that occurred in the field. This study found that a more detailed regulation regarding supervision of mudharabah financing was needed. This is so that the process of monitoring mudharabah financing has a strong legal basis and standard among Islamic bank. Moreover, the customer can also understand the steps that should be taken in the implementation of mudharabah financing supervision.
Environmental Sustainability Analysis as a Competitive Strategy in the Hotel Industry of Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: López-Illán Beatriz , Ibarra-Michel Juan Pedro
Published: August 2018

This case study analyses characteristics of the implementation of environmental strategies in hotels. Results were found to be highly variable between hotels. They also highlight the need for greater momentum for this new type of business model. For the development of this research, a multi-method study approach was adopted, with a mixed methodology to the hotel industry of the state of Sinaloa, Mexico. This was done through executive interviews in addition to the application of a compliance guide to 11 companies selected from the sector. Relevant aspects are considered through a review of the hotel sector and sustainability, consumer trends, sustainability in the tourism market and development phases for corporate sustainability.