bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Theoretical Basis for the Formation of the Financial Strategy of a Joint Stock Company
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Semenov Kostiantyn O.
Published: December 2024

The article is aimed at developing a theoretical basis for the formation of the financial strategy of a joint-stock company based on the identification of key features and areas of use of financial resources. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the theory of finance, institutional theory, as well as monographic method, comparative method, method of analysis, and system approach. The key areas of activity of a joint-stock company have been identified, based on this is has been revealed that financial resources perform the tasks of forming monetary capital, in particular: authorized capital, income, profit, reserves and other funds, their distribution, and exercise a control function over their creation and use. The study of the peculiarities of the organization of financial management in joint-stock companies made it possible to identify specific features and regularities that affect their financial stability and efficiency. It is substantiated that scientists focus on various aspects and features of the activities of joint-stock companies, the main of which are: their legal foundations, role in the development of the national economy; effective corporate governance aimed at the development of the entire corporate sector and adaptability in activities; implementation of a policy to protect shareholders’ rights and maximize investors’ confidence. Based on the carried out analysis of the interpretation by scientists of the concept itself, as well as for the translation of the essence and role of financial strategy in the activities of a joint stock company, several most important aspects have been identified, namely: strategic and program vectors of development; corporate approach to optimization processes with financial resources; systemic nature of relations; competitive component in strengthening financial positions in the market; a diversified view of the choice of funding sources; focus on the global environment in the formation of financial strategy.
Development of Brand Management of Enterprises in the Context of Digitalization
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Balanovska Tetiana I. , Sotnyk Viktoriia V. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Havrysh Oksana M. ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The aim of the study is to substantiate the need for the development of brand management in the context of digitalization. The article considers in detail the concept of brand and brand management, which is aimed at the formation, which is aimed at the formation, appropriate support and further development of the brand in order to achieve strategic goals and implement long-term programs (creating and maintaining competitive advantages of the brand, positioning, increasing consumer loyalty and brand strength), which leads to an increase in the cost of brand capital. It is found that, in general, the use of brand management provides additional opportunities for business entities in their activities, in particular, it allows identifying production, forming a reliable and professional team, introducing a wide product range, achieving a high level of marginality, increasing consumer loyalty and taking measures to reduce customer churn. In addition, during the study, the stages of introducing brand management into the activities of the enterprise were allocated, namely, assessing the main trends in the consumer market; determining the goals that the company wants to achieve; search for the target audience and effective marketing tools; making tactical decisions that allow you to promote the brand; planning the activities of the enterprise taking into account the existing budget, all the necessary resources, the target audience and seasonality; implementation of measures aimed at implementing strategic and tactical tasks with a timeline for achieving goals and responsibilities, as well as timely monitoring of the effectiveness of the Internet brand promotion strategy. To assess the place of brand management in the practical activities of enterprises in the context of digitalization, the main trends in the development of e-commerce in Ukraine and the directions of its development were considered, in particular: introduction into the activities of enterprises with online purchases of voice shopping, the continuation of the sale of goods through social networks, the search for goods in live broadcast services using platforms such as YouTube, Twitch, Facebook Live and the sale of goods through influencers.
An Integrated Approach to Bioeconomic Transformation Modeling: Identification of Vectors and Management Tools
Authors:   Vinnytsia National Technical University, Vostriakova Viktoriia I.
Published: December 2024

The task of bioeconomic transformation is a relevant vector for the development of the national economy of Ukraine in the context of both green and sustainable recovery and compliance with international obligations on global climate change, the growing demand for biological resources, overcoming geopolitical challenges and ensuring food security. The efficient use of biological resources and the valorization of biomass is becoming a key element in shaping a new economy aimed at reducing dependence on fossil resources and mitigating the impact on climate change. The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated approach to modeling the processes of bioeconomic transformation of socioeconomic systems, which takes into account the economic, environmental and social aspects of sustainable development and its use in managerial decision-making at all levels. Particular attention is paid to the identification of vectors of bioeconomic transformation and the analysis of available management tools that allow adapting the economy to new challenges and promoting sustainable development. The study is based on a theoretical review of available science-based methods and models, including the scenario approach, the use of general and partial equilibrium models, as well as optimization and environmental models. To analyze the processes of bioeconomic transformation, a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach using the principles of integration management was used. The study showed that integrated modeling is an important tool for predicting results, analyzing and managing the processes of bioeconomic transformation of socioeconomic systems. The application of an integrated approach allows to assess the interdependence between economic, environmental and social aspects of transformation processes, and can also be used to develop and improve appropriate strategies with minimization of risks and uncertainties. The results of the study are of practical importance for the formation of political and corporate management decisions aimed at ensuring the achievement of sustainable development goals, the preservation of biological resources and the creation of new jobs. The application of an integrated approach in modeling bioeconomic transformation will significantly contribute to overcoming critical challenges related to ensuring food security, reducing the negative impact on the environment, rational use of natural resources and creating new, «green» jobs. This study is an important step in the development of a new economic model of Ukraine in the process of its green recovery and European integration.
Formation of Personnel Security as a Direction of Staff Management Strategy in the Business Environment
Authors:   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Vasilieva Lesja M. , Minkovska Alona V. ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Irza Alina M. ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to study the process of formation of personnel security as a direction of staff management strategy in the business environment. It is emphasized that personnel security is a critical aspect of the HR strategy. The formation of personnel security is a strategic factor that allows the enterprise not only to protect itself from internal and external threats, but also to ensure stable development in a competitive business environment. Analyzing, systematizing and generalizing the scientific works of many authors, the views of researchers on the definition of the concept of «personnel security» are considered and it is determined that this is a complex system of measures aimed at protecting the interests of the enterprise from possible threats related to personnel. The analysis of threats to the personnel security of the enterprise has been carried out and it is established that they can have a diverse nature and affect the enterprise’s stability, efficiency and competitiveness. The basic principles of the formation of personnel security of the enterprise, which are the basic rules and approaches that help to ensure stability and protection from risks associated with staff, are substantiated. It is emphasized that the organization of the development of a personnel management strategy is effective when a systematic approach is applied, which provides comprehensive coverage of all aspects of management, taking into account the interrelations between them, flexibility and the ability to adapt to changes, involvement of all levels of the organization, as well as ensuring personnel security. It is determined that a strategic approach to personnel security management is a key element of the overall strategy of the enterprise, which is aimed at maintaining the sustainability, efficiency and competitiveness of the enterprise in the modern business environment.
The Use of Modern Marketing Technologies as a Tool to Enhance the Competitiveness of Enterprises
Authors:   Livestock Farming Institute of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Serov Volodymyr V. , Korol Yurii K. ,   Livestock Farming Institute of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

The current stage of market transformations of the economy is characterized not only by the globalization of economic relations, but also by uncertainty, chaotic competitive trends, and distortion of the system of economic relations, which forms, in turn, a very inconsistent environment of competition of enterprises, where the main conditions for their survival are organizational flexibility, dynamism, mobility and adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Under the influence of a changing external environment, enterprises face such problems as reduced competitiveness, decreased market share, decline in the level of profitability of production, decreased brand recognition, decrease in the share of loyal consumers, and others. Increasing the competitiveness of modern enterprises is inextricably linked to the need to manage competence in the field of technology, knowledge of costs and flexible changes in relation to a dynamically transforming environment. Modern marketing technologies are a powerful tool for increasing the competitiveness of enterprises, especially in the face of rapid changes in the market and global competition. Their use allows you to optimize business processes, improve the quality of customer service, strengthen your position in the market and ensure stable development in the future. Analytical technologies provide an opportunity to collect and analyze data about consumers and the market. This allows businesses to make more informed decisions, adapt to change, and implement more accurate marketing strategies. The use of modern technologies, such as mobile marketing and social media, allows for more personalized contacts with consumers, leading to increased brand loyalty and trust. Modern marketing technologies not only help businesses achieve short-term goals, but also contribute to their long-term development strategy. They enable businesses to remain agile and competitive in a changing market environment and effectively manage marketing processes, better engage with customers, and respond faster to market changes, leading to stable and sustainable business growth.
EDUCATIONAL INDICATORS AS A TOOL FOR ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN IMPLEMENTING ACADEMIC AUTONOMY IN BASIC SCHOOL
Authors:   SSI, Denysiuk Oksana ,   Institute of Educational Analytics, Tytarenko Nataliia ,   SSI;Institute of Educational Analytics;
Published: December 2024

The article considers the role of educational indicators in the context of transforming the managerial activity of the principal of a general secondary education institution (GSEI) in the process of reforming school education. It is determined that managerial activity in a modern educational institution has signs of academic autonomy and should be based on the cooperation of the teaching staff both within the educational institution and outside – with the community, which is the customer of educational services. The article focuses on the study of a number of components of the autonomy of an educational institution, namely, academic autonomy as an effective mechanism for the successful implementation of the New Ukrainian School (NUS) general secondary education reform. The authors have identified and analysed key indicators in this area, which were formed and applied during a monitoring study of teachers’ activities conducted by the State Scientific Institution;Institute of Educational Analytics; in 2023. The identified indicators describe the cooperation between the GSEI administration and the teaching staff, such as: areas of teachers’ cooperation within the GSEI, the principal’s support for teachers’ initiatives aimed at improving institutional performance, and the level of trust the principal places in the teaching staff. For example, almost a third of teachers reported that their principal tries to solve all tasks together with colleagues. Conversely, one in ten teachers noted that their principal tended to maintain sole control over all school processes. The latter indicator draws attention to the need to organise additional training for some principals in relation to their evolving role under the NUS reform. Thus, in addition to capturing the transformation processes, the indicators allowed us to make certain assumptions and formulate conclusions for managers to enhance the effectiveness of the reform.
INFORMATION SUPPORT FOR THE INTEGRATION OF UKRAINIAN REFUGEE SCHOOLCHILDREN INTO THE EDUCATION SYSTEMS OF DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors:   SSI, Londar Sergiy ,   Institute of Educational Analytics, Bosenko Oleksandr ,   SSI;Institute of Educational Analytics;
Published: December 2024

The article examines an author-designed research framework for developing a standardized informational framework to facilitate the integration of Ukrainian refugee schoolchildren into the educational systems of developed countries such as the United States, Canada and Germany. In the developed countries, evidence-based policymaking is institutio­nalized at the legislative level, enabling relatively seamless adoption of such frameworks. The standardized informational support may incorporate components derived from pre-existing datasets on refugee schoolchildren within the national Education Management Information System (EMIS), specifically Ukraine’s Automated Information Complex of Educational Management (AICEM), alongside supplementary data gathered from surveys and analyses of the educational and socio-economic challenges confronted by Ukrainian refugee schoolchildren and their families in host countries. The study outlines a research design featuring a cross-sectional survey of schoolchildren, their guardians and educators. The questionnaires encom­pass three principal dimensions: socio-economic, informational and psycho-emotional. The methodological framework entails rigorous statistical analysis of anonymized, disaggre­gated data segmented by age, gender and educational attainment. The findings of this research will enable the identification of critical challenges and the formulation of evidence-based recommendations for educational institutions and policymakers in host countries, taking into account the opportunities for remote learning, gender equity and inclusivity. Moreover, the study’s outcomes will contribute to enhancing intercultural dialogue and the social integration of refugee schoolchildren, which are crucial factors for their academic success. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of an approach that will enable for the creation of a standardized informational framework for refugee schoolchildren, and thus, identify effective strategies for addressing their educational challenges and alleviating the socio-economic issues faced by refugee families and their school-aged children in the host countries.
The Impact of Talent Management Strategies on Organizational Ingenuity: An Empirical Research in Some Colleges of the University of Baghdad
Authors: Mohammed Radhi* Amal , Abd Al Wadud Al-Abbasi Adel
Published: December 2024

The main object of this research is to test the effect of talent management strategies on organizational ingenuity in several colleges of the University of Baghdad (College of Physical Education for Girls, College of Physical Education and Physical Sciences, Main College of Fine Arts, and the sub-college of fine arts). The research problem is that there is a dearth of studies examining how talent management techniques affect organizational ingenuity. The research adopted the descriptive analytical approach to study the phenomenon thoroughly. The questionnaire was the main tool for collecting data and information. The research sample included heads of academic departments, administration directors, and divisional officials in the colleges under study, whose total number reached (95) participants out of a total of (120) directors. The data and information were analyzed, and hypotheses were tested by using appropriate statistical methods such as (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and simple regression) through utilizing the statistical program (AMOSS) in analyzing the responses of the participants. The results of the research were significant because of the presence of an important correlation between talent management strategies and organizational ingenuity. Also, there was the need for specialized departments to manage talent through the processes of attraction, recruitment, development, and investment to enhance organizational ingenuity and enable its employees to manage and thus improve their level of performance.
 
Paper type: Research paper
Psychological Empowerment and its Impact on Contextual Performance
Authors: Abd Hafid Doaa , Mahdi Saleh Khaled
Published: December 2024

Purpose: The purpose of the research was to determine if psychological empowerment might be regarded as a critical component in raising employees' contextual performance in the workplace. Or do other elements come into play when defining professional performance?
Theoretical framework: The goal of the study was to draw attention to how crucial contextual performance and psychological empowerment are as fundamental management ideas in the area under investigation.
Design/methodology/approach: The research used a descriptive methodology, resolution-based tool analysis, tabulation, and analysis using a ready statistical software. (SPSS). The Office of the Shia Endowment/Administrative and Financial Service was chosen by the researcher to represent the Study Community. There were 260 employees in the research sample. To arrive at the study's conclusions, statistical techniques such as CE, standard deviation, natural distribution test, persistence factor, and F test were used.
Findings: By analyzing the effects of psychological empowerment and its dimensions on the contextual performance of the employees of the studied organization, it is possible to demonstrate the connections between them.
Research, Practical & Social implications: The need for government agencies to ensure that employees in the research service are required and that there is a fair system of salaries and other allocations in comparison with other ministries so that workers do not feel bad in the workplace.
Originality/value: The results indicate that the number of publications is growing, and the management and business area is the one that contributes the most, with the countries that produce in co-authorship also providing the most publications
The Impact of Exchange Rate on the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Iraq for the period (2004-2022)
Authors: Ogge Mohi* Wijjdan , Siham Dawood Samir
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Measuring the connection between the effect of the (EX) and GDP in Iraq.
Theoretical Framework: The research addressed the impact of the exchange rate on Iraq's gross domestic product. The research problem revolves around the lack of an exchange rate policy that stimulates investment and production as a result of the economic challenges that Iraq is suffering from, especially since the exchange rate is linked to the trends of the general budget and imports, which led to the weakness of the impact of this monetary instrument on the economy. Therefore, the research raises the problem of whether the exchange rate used in Iraq impacts the gross domestic product.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The research approach describes the topic to be investigated through scientific accreditation and depicts the results that have been adhered to. An inductive approach was adopted to explain the theoretical aspects of the research, verify the hypothesis, and achieve the desired objectives of the study. In addition, a modern econometric approach was used to demonstrate the effectuation of (EX) on the structure of imports and GDP. The program (EViews10) was used, and the data used extended between (2004-2022).
Findings: The (EX) indirectly affects the GDP, especially when the dinar is devalued against the dollar, increasing production costs. This results in higher prices for locally produced goods compared to imported ones, and due to competition, local production declines, thereby reducing GDP.
Research, Practical & Social Implications: We propose a future research agenda and highlight the analysis of the nature of the connection between the (EX) and GDP in Iraq.
Originality/Value: The current study adds scientific value to previous studies through its results, especially since the results indicated that the rise in the exchange rate leads to an increase in demand for oil exports. What distinguishes the study is that it examines the relationship between the exchange rate and the domestic product in an oil country like Iraq that suffers from distortions in the local economy.
Asuhan Kebidanan Post Partum pada Ny. F dengan Nyeri Luka Perineum
Authors: Andi Putri Andini  , M Azrida , Thamrin Halida
Published: December 2024

Masa nifas merupakan masa yang paling rentan bagi ibu dikarenakan sebagai penyumbang kematian pada ibu yang cukup besar oleh karena itu, pada masa ini dibutuhkan pengawasan dan perawatan yang tepat agar perawatan masa nifas yang menjadi salah satu upaya untuk dapat membantu dan mempercepat proses kembali pulihnya alat-alat reproduksi, kebutuhan nutrisi, pencegahan infeksi serta dapat memulihkan kesehatan ibu. Pada masa nifas, ibu dapat mengalami berbagai masalah kesehatan, bahkan dapat berlanjut pada komplikasi masa nifas, sehingga masa ini menjadi cukup penting bagi tenaga kesehatan khususnya bidan melakukan pemantauan terhadap ibu nifas. Tujuan disusunnya studi kasus ini adalah untuk dapat melaksanakan asuhan kebidanan pada Ny. F dengan nyeri luka perineum. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus manajemen asuhan kebidanan 7 langkah varney dan catatan perkembangan dalam bentuk SOAP. Hasil pada studi kasus Ny. F dengan nyeri luka perineum tidak ditemukan adanya kendala dalam mengenai hal tersebut. Kesimpulan hasil study Ny. F post partum hari pertama dengan nyeri luka perineum di Klinik Pratama BKIA Rakyat, yaitu asuhan yang telah diberikan berhasil dengan ditandai keadaan umum ibu baik, air susu ibu sudah mulai lancar, ibu sudah tidak merasakan nyeri pada perineumnya dan tidak ada tanda-tanda infeksi ditemukan.
COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF TOPICAL CIPROFLOXACIN/DEXAMETHASONE WICK WITH ICHTHAMMOL/GLYCERIN WICK IN OTITIS EXTERNA
Authors: Asghar Ullah  , Din Israr Ud , Khan Imran , Liaqat Nazneen , Afridi Aafia , Haq Ihtisham Ul , Shakir Ullah
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To compare efficacy of 3% Ciprofloxacin1% Dexamethasone and 10% Ichthammol Glycerin as topical treatment regimen of acute otitis externa.Materials and Methods: This study was a Randomized Control Trial conducted over a six-month period, from May 2022 to November 2022, at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. A total of seventy patients, both male and female, aged between 12 and 60 years, who were diagnosed with moderate to severe acute otitis externa, were enrolled in the study. These patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: Group A, which received 3% ciprofloxacin and 1% dexamethasone, or Group B, which received 10% Ichthammol Glycerin. The efficacy of the treatments was evaluated on day 3 by assessing pain control, using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).Results: Each group contained 35 subjects each. Regarding baseline characteristics, both the groups were similar. The mean VAS score on day 1 was comparable among the 2 groups, i.e., 6.71± 1.15 in group A, and 6.73 ± 1.13 in group B. At day 3, mean VAS was lower in group A, i.e., 2.43 ± 1.36 SD in group A and 3.63 ± 2.04 SD in group B. The effi cacy of treatment was found to be 77.1% (27/35) in group A and 40% (14/35) in group B (p=0.002). Conclusion: The efficacy of Ciprofloxacin/Dexamethasone was significantly higher than Ichthammol Glycerin in terms of pain control in patients with moderate to severe acute otitis externa.
DENTAL PRACTITIONER’S AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE, AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE USE OF LASER TECHNOLOGY IN ENDODONTIC DISINFECTION: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Alam Fayyaz , Gul Kemia , Shah Fawad Ali , Yousafzai Brekhna , Zohaib Muhammad , Faiz Ur Rahman
Published: December 2024

Objectives: To determine dental practitioner’s awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards the use of laser technology in endodontic disinfection.Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 159 dental practitioners recruited through non-probability convenience sampling. Participants provided written informed consent and completed an online questionnaire covering demographics, awareness, and practical use of laser technology in endodontics. Chi-square tests applied to assess awareness among diff erent experience levels.Results: Among the 159 participants, the mean age was 33.08 ± 8.83years, with a higher proportion of males (n=95, 59.7%). While most respondents recognized the benefi ts of laser technology in endodontics, practical application was limited, with only 4.4% reporting its use. Significant differences were observed between respondents with 1-4 years and 5-8 years of experience in their familiarity with laser technology and beliefs about its application and outcomes. Barriers to adoption included cost concerns and perceived training accessibility.Conclusion: Although awareness of laser technology in endodontics is common among dental practitioners, its practical use is still limited. Overcoming obstacles like cost and access to training could promote wider adoption and potentially improve treatment outcomes in endodontic practice.
Tilaa tunteille? Narratiivinen muotokuva luottamuksen palauttamisesta työyhteisössä
Authors: Pöllänen Veera , Ikonen Mirjami
Published: December 2024

Työyhteisön toimijoiden väliseen luottamukseen sisältyy aina riski sen rikkoutumisesta, millä voi olla haitallisia seurauksia organisaatioille. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy esihenkilön ja työntekijöiden välisen luottamuksen uudelleenrakentamiseen luottamuksen rikkouduttua. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tunnistaa keinoja, joilla esihenkilö voi palauttaa työntekijöiden luottamuksen, sekä tarkastella luottamuksen palauttamisen prosessiin liittyviä tunnetiloja. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu 15 omakohtaisesta tarinasta, jotka kuvaavat luottamuksen palauttamisprosessia ja siihen liittyviä tunnetiloja. Narratiivisen muotokuvamenetelmän avulla luodaan kuva johtajasta, joka palauttaa luottamusta työyhteisössä. Muotokuvan avulla esitämme tulkintamme siitä, miten esihenkilö voi palauttaa luottamusta ja mikä on tunteiden rooli prosessissa. Tulosten perusteella ehdotamme, että tilan antaminen tunteista puhumiselle ja arvostava kuunteleminen ovat avaintekijöitä luottamuksen palauttamisessa. Tutkimus antaa viitteitä siitä, että luottamuksen palauttaminen on aktiivinen prosessi, joka vaatii aikaa ja molemminpuolista osallistumista, ja johon voi liittyä voimakkaita tunteita.  Kunnioittava keskustelu luottamuksen rikkoutumisen ja palauttamisen herättämistä tunteista näyttää edistävän luottamuksen palauttamista.
Pharmaceutical development and practical approach to synthesis of tropantiol radiopharmaceutical ([99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1) for diagnostic of neurodegenerative diseases (review)
Authors: Pavlenko E. P. , Malysheva A. O. , Larenkov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease are mainly associated with the formation of intraneuronal protein inclusions with Lewy bodies, and the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the Substantia nigra and their axons. Existing diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease often take into account symptoms occurring in the later stages of the disease. Thus, for a more accurate diagnosis in the early stages, it is necessary to confirm pathologic changes in brain tissue by molecular imaging methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). At the same time SPECT is a more accessible method of diagnostics of neurodegenerative diseases in comparison with PET, because of the possibility to obtain medical radionuclides for SPECT imaging using mobile generator systems, in particular 99Mo/99mTc generator. Among the formulations based on 99mTc and tropane derivatives proposed for dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging, [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 (technetium-99m-labeled tropantiol) is the most effective. Currently, various compositions of the freeze-dried kits for the synthesis of [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 have been proposed, facilitating the process of its production in situ, which, together with the availability of technetium-99m generator in a healthcare facility, as well as favorable pharmacokinetics, makes [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 a drug of choice for routine use in clinical practice.

Text. In this review, various approaches to design and optimize the composition of the freeze-dried kits for the synthesis of [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1, including the amount and ratio of active ingredient and excipients, synthesis conditions, in particular the temperature regime, synthesis time and pH of the reaction mixture, have been considered.

Conclusion. Development and optimization of the composition of the freeze-dried kits for the synthesis of [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 is an urgent task in the context of improving its use in clinical practice. Based on the published data, clear dependencies can be traced, which may form the basis for further development and optimization of the composition of the freeze-dried kits for [99mTc]Tc-TRODAT-1 synthesis for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases by SPECT in the Russian Federation.
Assessment of polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate effect on quercetin properties in binary solid dispersion prepared by hot melt extrussion
Authors: Danilova A. A. , Gusev K. A. , Arkhipova N. O. , Danilov L. G. , Vishnyakov E. V. , Maimistov D. N. , Flisyuk E. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction. Flavonoids, despite their pronounced therapeutic benefits, are limitedly used in medicine as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) owing to a complex of unsatisfactory physicochemical properties. In order to study the mentioned problem, we decided to use quercetin as model compound with extremely low water solubility and dissolution in gastrointestinal (GI) tract media. Therefore, the main idea appears to study the possibility and prospects of hot melt extrusion (HME) application for enhancement the solubility properties of quercetin in the composition of solid dispersion system (SDS) based on hydrophilic polymeric carrier (polyvinylpyrrolidone vinyl acetate, PVP/VA). Consequently, there is a necessity to select effective drug-to-polymer ratio in solid dispersion for providing better solubility and dissolution properties.

Aim. Assessment of PVP/VA effect on quercetin solubility properties in binary solid dispersion prepared by HME.

Materials and methods. Quercetin substance with purity 98 % was purchased from Molekula Limited, United Kingdom. PVP/VA (copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone with vinyl acetate in the ratio of 60 : 40, VIVAPHARM® PVP/VA 64) as carrier was procured from JRS PHARMA (JRS PHARMA GmbH & Co. KG, Germany). Quercetin SDS were prepared using micro-conical twin screw compounder HAAKE™ MiniCTW (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany). The obtained samples were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Quercetin quantitative content in SDS were determined by UV-spectrophotometry.

Results and discussion. The improvement of water solubility and dissolution rates of quercetin SDS in comparison with pure substance was observed for all solid dispersion compositions irrespective to drug-to-polymer ratio. Notably, with reduction of quercetin content in SDS compositions the PVP/VA contribution was increased. We found partial or even complete amorphization of API in formulations with 1 % and 5 % quercetin content, resulting in the improvement of water solubility properties, stability of solutions and increased dissolution rates in GI tract media. Water solubility of 1 % SDS relative to pure substance was enhanced by 353-fold. At the same time, the complete release of quercetin from 1 % SDS was achieved in 40 minutes in the hydrochloric acid and citrate buffer, and also quercetin dissolution of 90 % in 60 minute was observed in phosphate buffer.

Conclusion. 1 % quercetin SDS based on PVP/VA appears to be the most promising for solid dosage forms development.
Telephone triage of shortness of breath
Authors:   , Spek Michelle
Published: December 2024

Shortness of breath is a common reason for contacting out-of-hours primary care. Triage nurses use the Netherlands Triage Standard (NTS) to determine the urgency and type of medical care required. Our research indicates that the current triage process for patients with shortness of breath is neither sufficiently safe nor efficient. Almost half of patients with a potentially life-threatening condition are assigned a too low urgency, while around 40% of patients without such condition are given a higher urgency than necessary.
We therefore developed a new prediction model to improve the triage process. This model consists of two patient characteristics (age and gender), two call characteristics (calling at night and someone else calling on behalf of the patient), and four symptoms (coughing, fever, difficulty speaking in full sentences, and wheezing). When implemented in the NTS algorithm, the model has the potential to substantially improve the triage of patients with shortness of breath.
We also investigated how expressing concerns affects triage conversations. Concern can hinder efficient communication between triage nurses and patients, especially when concerns are not adequately addressed. The best approach is to acknowledge the patient’s concerns and then clearly outline the next steps in the triage process.
Finally, a literature review highlighted the key role of language in triage conversations. Language involves more than just the literal content; how and when questions are asked is as important as what is asked. Furthermore, automated decision-support systems, widely used by triage nurses, significantly shape the dynamics and flow of these conversations.
Dysregulated transfer RNA-derived small RNAs as potential gastric cancer biomarkers
Authors: Yuan Jie , Gu Wenchao , Xu Tianxin , Zhang Yan , Shen Lei , Yan Jianliang , Guan Xi , Chu Haidan , Yuan Ruoyu , Ju Shaoqing
Published: December 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is the kind of carcinoma that has the highest rates of morbidity and death worldwide. In the early stages of GC, there is currently an absence of sensitive and specific biomarkers. The newly-discovered class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) known as transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) is highly expressed in bodily fluids and neoplastic cells. High-throughput sequencing was initially employed to identify differentially expressed tsRNAs in early GC patients, followed by validation in patient serum, GC tissues, and cell lines by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). We identified dysregulated tsRNAs (the up-regulated tsRNAs included tRF-31-PNR8YP9LON4VD, tRF-30-MIF91SS2P4FI, and tRF-30-IK9NJ4S2I7L7, whereas the down-regulated tsRNAs included tRF-38-W6RM7KYUPRENRHD2, tRF-37-LBRY73W0K5KKOV2, tRF-36-JB59V3WD8YQ84VD, tRF-25-MBQ4NKKQBR, and tRF-36-0KFMNKYUHRF867D) in GC, and we verified that the serum of patients, GC cells and tissues both consistently expressed these tsRNAs. Additionally, GC patients’ serum had considerably greater expression levels of the three up-regulated tsRNAs than did healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of the three up-regulated tsRNAs were superior to those of CEA, CA199, and CA724 in the process of diagnosing GC, particularly in its early stages. This suggests that tsRNAs have great diagnostic efficacy and potential as new “liquid biopsy” biomarkers for the diagnosis of GC. Using bioinformatics software, we predicted that dysregulation of tsRNAs may be a potential regulatory mechanism for the development of GC.
From fear to fortitude: academic adjustment during COVID-19 among South African undergraduates
Authors: Tau Matumelo Maria , Mapaling Curwyn , Tsabedze Wandile Fundo
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The outbreak of COVID-19 introduced unprecedented uncertainty worldwide, with South Africa being no exception. There is a paucity of information on the impacts of academic adjustment and fear of COVID-19 among undergraduate students in a new university environment. This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic adjustment and fear of COVID-19 among undergraduate students enrolled at a South African University.

Methods

A cross-sectional correlational research design was employed, utilizing web-based questionnaires that combined the Academic Adjustment Scale and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The theoretical framework used was the self-transcendence theory, supported by theoretical perspectives on adjustment and differential susceptibility theories. A total of 501 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including simple linear regression correlation analysis and multivariate analysis of variance.

Results

Fear of COVID-19 showed a significant positive correlation with academic adjustment (r = 0.17, p < 0.001). Additionally, fear of COVID-19 was positively correlated with dimensions of academic adjustments, specifically academic achievement (r = 0.19, p < 0.001) and academic motivation (r = 0.20, p < 0.001).

Discussion

The study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation between fear of COVID-19 and academic adjustment. Therefore, it is crucial to implement interventions aimed at continuously enhancing students' academic adjustment as a seamless process.
Development and validation of a rapid and precise online sentence reading efficiency assessment
Authors: Yeatman Jason D. , Tran Jasmine E. , Burkhardt Amy K. , Ma Wanjing Anya , Mitchell Jamie L. , Yablonski Maya , Gijbels Liesbeth , Townley-Flores Carrie , Richie-Halford Adam
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The speed at which students can accurately read and understand connected text is at the foundation of reading development. Timed reading measures go under a variety of names (e.g., reading fluency, reading efficiency, etc) and involve different levels of demands on comprehension, making it hard to interpret the extent to which scores reflect differences in reading efficiency versus comprehension.

Methods

Here we define a new measure of silent sentence reading efficiency (SRE) and explore key aspects of item development for an unproctored, online SRE assessment (ROAR-SRE). In doing so, we set forth an argument for developing sentences that are simple assertions, with an unambiguous answer, requiring minimal background knowledge and vocabulary. We then run a large-scale validation study to document convergent validity between ROAR-SRE and other measures of reading. Finally we validate the reliability and accuracy of using artificial intelligence (AI) to generate matched test forms.

Results

We find that a short, one-minute SRE assessment is highly correlated with other reading measures and has exceptional reliability. Moreover, AI can automatically generate test forms that are matched to manually-authored test forms.

Discussion

Together these results highlight the potential for regular screening and progress monitoring at scale with ROAR-SRE.
Multi-scenario assessment of landscape ecological risk in the transitional zone between the warm temperate zone and the northern subtropical zone
Authors: Li Chenghang , Qin Fen , Liu Zhenzhen , Pan Ziwu , Gao Dongkai , Han Zhansheng
Published: December 2024

Climate transition zones are ecologically sensitive regions that respond to changes in complex natural conditions. Analyzing the spatiotemporal evolution trends and impact factors of landscape ecological risk is crucial for maintaining regional ecosystem security. However, research predominantly focused on the past analytical paradigm, which often needed more strategic predictions for future scenarios tailored to diverse developmental requirements. This study analyzed land use changes in the Huai River Basin during 2000, 2010, and 2020 and used the Future Land Use Simulation model to conduct a multi-scenario simulation for 2030. Subsequently, this study assessed the landscape ecological risk from 2000 to 2030 and analyzed the influencing mechanisms using the ridge regression model. The results showed that: (1) The primary transitions were concentrated between cropland and construction land. By 2030, the area of construction land was projected to continue to expand, with the greatest increase of 2906 km2 anticipated in the natural development scenario. (2) The overall spatial pattern of landscape ecological risk showed a “high in the east and low in the west” distribution, with the lowest risk areas predominating (accounting for over 43%). Over the past 20 years, the risk initially increased and then decreased, and by 2030, the risk was expected to decline further. (3) The risk exhibited significant positive spatial autocorrelation. By 2030, the constraint of spatial location on risk distribution would decrease. Local spatial clustering was mainly characterized by “Low-Low” regions (accounting for 20%). (4) Vegetation cover consistently correlated negatively with ecological risk and was the most influential factor, with relative contribution rates all exceeding 21%. The findings have provided a scientific reference for the ecological and environmental management of areas with intense human activity under complex climatic conditions.
Weak effects of conventional and biodegradable microplastics on marine microbial communities
Authors: Lora Ulises , Schenone Luca , Forn Irene , Peters Francesc , Piiparinen Jonna , Kaartokallio Hermanni , Lehtiniemi Maiju , Sala Maria Montserrat
Published: December 2024

Microplastics are ubiquitous in marine ecosystems and are suitable matrices for bacterial attachment and growth. Studies on the microbes growing on plastics are mainly done using flow cytometry and massive sequencing, which do not allow for the quantification of specific groups and their activity. Here we present the results from a mesocosm experiment, designed to compare the effects of biodegradable and conventional microplastics on planktonic communities of the Baltic Sea. Our specific aim was to study the effects on bacterial activity and abundance using epifluorescence microscopy techniques. Specifically, we applied BONCAT-FISH which simultaneously allows for phylogenetic identification and the detection of the activity of individual bacterial cells. In our experiment, mesocosms were filled with Baltic brackish seawater and amended with 20 microplastic beads·ml-1 in triplicates for several treatments: (i) None (control), (ii) PS, (iii) PLGA and (iv) PS + PLGA. Our results show a low impact of the presence and quality of microplastics on marine bacterial communities during the first 11 days of exposure, with only weak differences in the activity of bacterial communities growing with biodegradable or conventional microplastics additions.
Association between the heart rate to temperature ratio and 28-day mortality in patients with heart failure in intensive care unit: a multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fu Cheng , Lin Weiguo , Chen Xinglin , Hong WeiLi , Yan Shaorong , Lin Yuzhan
Published: December 2024

Background

Heart failure (HF) is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate. The precise relationship between the heart rate and temperature (HR/T) ratio and mortality in patients with HF remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the HR/T ratio and 28-day intensive care unit (ICU) mortality rates in patients with HF.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study analyzed the data of 3,790 patients with congestive heart failure in a large electronic database. Patients were divided into quartiles based on their HR/T ratio: Q1 (1.28–1.76), Q2 (2.44–2.72), Q3 (2.88–3.14), and Q4 (3.29–4.13). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between HR/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality.

Results

Patients with higher HR/T ratios had greater disease severity and higher mortality rates. In the fully adjusted regression model, a significant association was observed between HR/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality risk, with mortality increasing as HR/T ratio rose (OR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.17–2.04). An E-value analysis indicated that unmeasured confounders had a minimal impact on the results, confirming the robustness of the study.

Conclusion

Among ICU-admitted patients with HF, we identified a significant association between HR/T ratio and 28-day ICU mortality. As the HR/T ratio increased, the 28-day ICU mortality showed an upward trend.