bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Timely surveillance and temporal calibration of disease response against human infectious diseases
Authors: Najeebullah Kamran , Liebig Jessica , Darbro Jonathan , Jurdak Raja , Paini Dean
Published: October 2021

Background

Disease surveillance and response are critical components of epidemic preparedness. The disease response, in most cases, is a set of reactive measures that follow the outcomes of the disease surveillance. Hence, timely surveillance is a prerequisite for an effective response.

Methodology/principal findings

We apply epidemiological soundness criteria in combination with the Latent Influence Point Process and time-to-event models to construct a disease spread network. The network implicitly quantifies the fertility (whether a case leads to secondary cases) and reproduction (number of secondary cases per infectious case) of the cases as well as the size and generations (of the infection chain) of the outbreaks. We test our approach by applying it to historic dengue case data from Australia. Using the data, we empirically confirm that high morbidity relates positively with delay in disease response. Moreover, we identify what constitutes timely surveillance by applying various thresholds of disease response delay to the network and report their impact on case fertility, reproduction, number of generations and ultimately, outbreak size. We observe that enforcing a response delay threshold of 5 days leads to a large average reduction across all parameters (occurrence 87%, reproduction 83%, outbreak size 80% and outbreak generations 47%), whereas extending the threshold to 10 days, in comparison, significantly limits the effectiveness of the response actions. Lastly, we identify the components of the disease surveillance system that can be calibrated to achieve the identified thresholds.

Conclusion

We identify practically achievable, timely surveillance thresholds (on temporal scale) that lead to an effective response and identify how they can be satisfied. Our approach can be utilized to provide guidelines on spatially and demographically targeted resource allocation for public awareness campaigns as well as to improve diagnostic abilities and turn-around times for the doctors and laboratories involved.
Identifying modifiable risk factors of lung cancer: Indications from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Ding Jie , Tu Zhenxing , Chen Hongquan , Liu Zhiguang
Published: October 2021

Background

Lung cancer is the major cause of mortality in tumor patients. While its incidence rate has recently declined, it is still far from satisfactory and its potential modifiable risk factors should be explored.

Methods

We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causal relationship between potentially modifiable risk factors (namely smoking behavior, alcohol intake, anthropometric traits, blood pressure, lipidemic traits, glycemic traits, and fasting insulin) and lung cancer. Besides, a bi-directional MR analysis was carried out to disentangle the complex relationship between different risk factors. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was utilized to combine the estimation for each SNP. Cochrane’s Q value was used to evaluate heterogeneity and two methods, including MR-Egger intercept and MR-PRESSO, were adopted to detect horizontal pleiotropy.

Results

Three kinds of smoking behavior were all causally associated with lung cancer. Overall, smokers were more likely to suffer from lung cancer compared with non-smokers (OR = 2.58 [1.95, 3.40], p-value = 2.07 x 10−11), and quitting smoking could reduce the risk (OR = 4.29[2.60, 7.07], p-value = 1.23 x 10−8). Furthermore, we found a dose-response relationship between the number of cigarettes and lung cancer (OR = 6.10 [5.35, 6.96], p-value = 4.43x10-161). Lower HDL cholesterol could marginally increase the risk of lung cancer, but become insignificant after Bonferroni correction (OR = 0.82 [0.68, 1.00], p-value = 0.045). In addition, we noted no direct causal relationship between other risk factors and lung cancer. Neither heterogeneity nor pleiotropy was observed in this study. However, when treating the smoking behavior as the outcome, we found the increased BMI could elevate the number of cigarettes per day (beta = 0.139[0.104, 0.175], p-value = 1.99x10-14) and a similar effect was observed for the waist circumference and hip circumference. Additionally, the elevation of SBP could also marginally increase the number of cigarettes per day (beta = 0.001 [0.0002, 0.002], p-value = 0.018).

Conclusion

Smoking behavior might be the most direct and effective modifiable way to reduce the risk of lung cancer. Meanwhile, smoking behavior can be affected by other risk factors, especially obesity.
Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
Authors: Goto Yuta , Ogawa Tetsuya , Kakehata Gaku , Sazuka Naoya , Okubo Atsushi , Wakita Yoshihiro , Iso Shigeo , Kanosue Kazuyuki
Published: October 2021

The effect of the different training regimes and histories on the spatiotemporal characteristics of human running was evaluated in four groups of subjects who had different histories of engagement in running-specific training; sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals. Subjects ran at a variety of velocities, ranging from slowest to fastest, over 30 trials in a random order. Group averages of maximal running velocities, ranked from fastest to slowest, were: sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals. The velocity-cadence-step length (V-C-S) relationship, made by plotting step length against cadence at each velocity tested, was analyzed with the segmented regression method, utilizing two regression lines. In all subject groups, there was a critical velocity, defined as the inflection point, in the relationship. In the velocity ranges below and above the inflection point (slower and faster velocity ranges), velocity was modulated primarily by altering step length and by altering cadence, respectively. This pattern was commonly observed in all four groups, not only in sprinters and distance runners, as has already been reported, but also in active athletes and sedentary individuals. This pattern may reflect an energy saving strategy. When the data from all groups were combined, there were significant correlations between maximal running velocity and both running velocity and step length at the inflection point. In spite of the wide variety of athletic experience of the subjects, as well as their maximum running velocities, the inflection point appeared at a similar cadence (3.0 ± 0.2 steps/s) and at a similar relative velocity (65–70%Vmax). These results imply that the influence of running-specific training on the inflection point is minimal.
Human genital antibody-mediated inhibition of Chlamydia trachomatis infection and evidence for ompA genotype-specific neutralization
Authors: Ardizzone Caleb M. , Albritton Hannah L. , Lillis Rebecca A. , Bagnetto Caitlyn E. L. , Shen Li , Cavacini Lisa A. , Kozlowski Pamela A. , Quayle Alison J.
Published: October 2021

The endocervix, the primary site ofChlamydia trachomatis(Ct) infection in women, has a unique repertoire of locally synthesized IgG and secretory IgA (SIgA) with contributions from serum IgG. Here, we assessed the ability of genital and serum-derived IgG and IgA from women with a recent positive Ct test to neutralize Ct elementary bodies (EBs) and inhibit inclusion formationin vitroin human endocervical epithelial cells. We also determined if neutralization was influenced by the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of the infecting strain, as indicated byompAgene sequencing and genotyping. At equivalent low concentrations of Ct EB (D/UW-3/Cx + E/UW-5/Cx)-specific antibody, genital-derived IgG and IgA and serum IgA, but not serum IgG, significantly inhibited inclusion formation, with genital IgA being most effective, followed by genital IgG, then serum IgA. The well-characterized Ct genotype D strain, D/UW-3/Cx, was neutralized by serum-derived IgG from patients infected with genotype D strains, genital IgG from patients infected with genotype D or E strains, and by genital IgA from patients infected with genotype D, E, or F strains. Additionally, inhibition of D/UW-3/Cx infection by whole serum, rather than purified immunoglobulin, was associated with levels of serum EB-specific IgG rather than the genotype of infecting strain. In contrast, a Ct genotype Ia clinical isolate, Ia/LSU-56/Cx, was neutralized by whole serum in a genotype and genogroup-specific manner, and inhibition also correlated with EB-specific IgG concentrations in serum. Taken together, these data suggest that (i) genital IgA most effectively inhibits Ct infectionin vitro, (ii) human antibody-mediated inhibition of Ct infection is significantly influenced by theompAgenotype of the infecting strain, (iii) the genital antibody repertoire develops or matures differently compared to systemic antibody, and (iv)ompAgenotype-specificity of inhibition of infection by whole serum can be overcome by high concentrations of Ct-specific IgG.
Stigma as a barrier to addressing childhood trauma in conversation with trauma survivors: A study in the general population
Authors: Schomerus Georg , Schindler Stephanie , Rechenberg Theresia , Gfesser Tobias , Grabe Hans J. , Liebergesell Mario , Sander Christian , Ulke Christine , Speerforck Sven
Published: October 2021

Victims of childhood trauma report shame and anticipation of stigma, leading to non-disclosure and avoidance of help. Stigma is potentially aggravating the mental health consequences of childhood trauma. So far there is no comprehensive study examining stigma toward adult survivors of various forms of childhood trauma, and it is unclear whether stigma interferes with reaching out to affected individuals. In a vignette study based on a representative sample of the German general population (N = 1320; 47.7% male) we randomly allocated participants to brief case vignettes pertaining to past childhood sexual/physical abuse or accidents, and adult physical abuse. Stigma was elicited by applying the Social Distance Scale, assessing respondents’ attitudes/stereotypes toward the persons in the vignette and their reluctance to address the specific trauma in conversation. While one aim was to establish the prevalence of stigma toward persons with CT, we hypothesized that attitudes differ according to type of trauma. Of the respondents, 45% indicated they were unlikely to reach out to a victim of childhood sexual abuse, 38% to a victim of childhood physical abuse, 31% to someone reporting a childhood accident and 25% to someone reporting adult physical abuse. Contrary to our expectations, childhood sexual abuse did not consistently elicit more stigma than childhood physical abuse in Krukall-Wallis tests. Equally, childhood interpersonal trauma did not consistently elicit more stigma than childhood accidental trauma. Structural equation modeling revealed social distance as mediator of the relationship between negative stereotypes and reluctance to address childhood trauma in conversation. Our analyses further revealed an ambiguous role of negative stereotypes in addressing childhood trauma in conversation with trauma victims, which has yet to be examined. There is evidence for stigma associated with having survived childhood trauma, which is interfering with offering help.
El retrato de Franco, el de José Antonio y el crucifijo. Construcción de la identidad nacional en los escolares de posguerra
Authors: Sonlleva Velasco Miriam , Sanz Simón Carlos , Torrego Egido Luis
Published: October 2021

La memoria de los escolares de posguerra guarda el recuerdo de una infancia marcada por la huella del nacionalcatolicismo. La estrecha vinculación entre la Iglesia y el Estado, tras el fin de las hostilidades, sentó los cimientos para la construcción de la identidad nacional en los estudiantes. En el artículo que presentamos, analizamos la narración de las vivencias infantiles del grupo de población nacido durante la guerra, para recomponer cómo fue transmitido ese ideario, a través de la interacción entre el estudiante y su contexto más próximo. A partir de la metodología biográfico-narrativa, –centrada en cuatro relatos de vida realizados a dos hombres y dos mujeres de clases populares, cuya infancia se enmarca en los años cuarenta– profundizamos en la consolidación del ideario político, religioso y moral franquista, a través de las enseñanzas que los niños y las niñas recibían en la escuela y se potenciaban a partir de otros conocimientos no formales, aprendidos desde las relaciones familiares y sociales. Constatamos que el uso de las fuentes orales desvela la conformación de elementos muy relevantes de la construcción de la identidad nacional, en especial los más propiamente subjetivos, como los procesos de naturalización de la discriminación, la asunción de la arbitrariedad del poder o el valor de las rutinas, los símbolos y las celebraciones religiosas o patrióticas.
Rehabilitación vestibular en pacientes con vértigo y trastorno de la personalidad
Authors: Gutiérrez Gallardo Ana , Salom Coveñas Carmen , Porras Alonso Eulalia Carmen
Published: October 2021

Introducción y objetivo: La presencia de trastornos de la personalidad en pacientes con vértigo ha sido referenciada en diferentes trabajos. Las conexiones del sistema vestibular y el procesamiento de emociones es la causa que apoya dicha asociación. La rehabilitación vestibular se perfila como el tratamiento para el vértigo crónico no compensado, pero suscita la duda de si será suficiente por si sola en pacientes con trastornos de la personalidad o si debe acompañarse de otras terapias dirigidas a estas alteraciones. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la posible influencia de los trastornos de personalidad en la autopercepción de la discapacidad mediante el Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) y en los parámetros de la posturografía estática, antes y después de la rehabilitación vestibular. Método: Estudio prospectivo de 55 pacientes diagnosticados de vértigo crónico periférico o central a los que se trató con ocho sesiones de rehabilitación vestibular. Los pacientes cumplimentaron el DHI y el cuestionario Salamanca al inicio y al final del tratamiento. Resultados: El 65% de los pacientes tenían trastornos de la personalidad. Los rasgos de ansiedad se asociaron a vértigo periférico y los rasgos esquizoides a vértigo central. En todos los pacientes, la puntuación del DHI mejoró (p< 0,01), al igual que algunos parámetros del control del limite de estabilidad (p<0.01). Por otro lado, no se encontró relación entre las variables independientes edad, sexo, diagnóstico clínico y trastorno de la personalidad con los resultados. Conclusiones: En nuestro estudio, los resultados muestran la eficacia de la rehabilitación vestibular en pacientes con vértigo crónico, independientemente de su asociación con trastornos de personalidad.
A Drosophila melanogaster Atg8 fehérjék lipidációtól független szerepeinek a vizsgálata
Authors: Jipa András
Published: October 2021

Az Atg8 fontos szerepet tölt be az autofagoszómák biogenézisében az eukarióta élőlényekben. Ezen felül ez a leggyakrabban használt marker az autofágia követésére, köszönhetően annak, hogy kovalens módon kötődik a fagofór lipidjéhez. Az Atg8 fehérjecsalád jelentős redundanciát mutat a többsejtű állatokban és a növényekben egyaránt, ennek ellenére Drosophila fajokban csak két Atg8 homológot írtak le. Munkám során reverz genetikai megközelítés alkalmazásával kimutattuk Drosophila melanogaster modellorganizmuson, hogy a lipidálódott Atg8a szükséges az autofágia folyamatához. Ugyanakkor azt is kimutattuk lárvális középbél első felében található vakbelek és a nyálmirigy sejthalál modelljén, hogy a nem lipidálódott forma szerepet játszik az egyedfejlődés függő sejthalálban. Ugyanakkor kimutattuk, hogy az Atg8b kizárólag hím ivarvonalban fejeződik ki és ennek megfelelően erős hím steril fenotípusa van, mivel elvesztette hímivarsejtjei elvesztették a mozgásképességüket. Ugyanakkor ezen szerepének betöltéséhez herék szintjén sem tölt be funkciót az autofágiában. Ezt azzal is igazultuk, hogy a lipidálatlan Atg8b transzgénikus kifejeztetése ivarvonalon képes menekíteni az Atg8b mutáns fenotípusát. Továbbá kísérleteink alapján arra a következtetésre jutottunk, hogy az Atg8a és az Atg8b különböző funkciói a herék ivarvonal szintjén elsősorban nem szekvenciafüggő, hanem génkefejeződés mintázatával és mértékével függ össze. Az Atg8 nem kanonikus funkcióiból levonhatjuk azt a következtetést, hogy bár a különböző lipidációért felelős Atg gének elvesztése az autofágia meghibásodását okozzák, ennek ellenére nem okoznak jelentős fejlődésbiológiai zavart és hím sterilitást.
Trilha Interpretativa em Unidade de Conservação na Caatinga
Authors: Martins de Oliveira Júnior Geraldo , Maranhão dos Santos Ednilza , Menezes da Silva Luiz Augustinho
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho teve por objetivo promover ações educativas e de sensibilização para conservação da caatinga através de trilhas interpretativas, estimulando o olhar investigativo, o protagonismo e a interdisciplinaridade. Foi desenvolvido com 39 alunos da Escola de Referência em Ensino Médio Desembargador João Paes, cidade de Serrita-PE, a partir da utilização de trilhas interpretativas em uma Unidade de Conservação de uso sustentável, Floresta Nacional de Negreiros, Serrita/PE (FLONA). Nessa vivência os participantes registraram os aspectos bióticos e abióticos da caatinga que foram socializados na escola através de uma exposição. A atividade na trilha proporcionou um olhar investigativo e interdisciplinar, promovendo discussões durante sua execução, sendo perceptível a empolgação dos educandos na realização das atividades no decorrer da vivência. O protagonismo no planejamento, o compartilhamento de ideias entre os grupos, a organização do material coletado (registro fotográfico e diálogos) antes e durante a exposição, a trilha na escola foi marcante, evidenciando o aprendizado teórico, procedimental e atitudinal.
Estratégias Pedagógicas no Ensino de Ciências para estudantes surdos no momento de Ensino remoto
Authors: Vieira Claudia Regina , Jinkings Julia Bueno , Calixto Santos Larissa Elen , Brandão Drumond Louise Victórie
Published: October 2021

A chegada da Covid-19 impôs diferentes tipos de desafios para a Humanidade. A Educação também precisou se adaptar a essa nova realidade. Os professores do Ensino Médio e da Escola Preparatória, locais onde as coletas foram realizadas, precisaram reorganizar-se para propor a continuidade das atividades a distância levando em consideração os estudantes surdos usuários da Libras. Neste contexto este trabalho teve como objetivo inserir três estudantes do Ensino Médio na pesquisa científica como participantes do projeto Iniciação Científica para estudantes de Ensino Médio realizada na Universidade Federal do ABC - UFABC a partir da seleção e análise de algumas atividades para ensino de Ciências com ênfase a Física, Química e Biologia. As atividades foram coletadas na Escola Preparatória e comparadas com as atividades realizadas pelas pesquisadoras do Ensino Médio em sua unidade escolar, uma escola bilingue de educação para surdos, amparadas pela literatura trabalhada com a orientadora.  A partir do trabalho as estudantes apontam como resultados algumas recomendações para os professores desde o preparo das atividades até a escolha da Plataforma online que permita uma visualização e por consequência uma melhor possibilidade de participação e interação para os estudantes surdos.
Textos multimodais no ensino de língua espanhola e letramentos críticos
Authors: Dos Santos França Simone
Published: October 2021

Neste texto são analisadas atividades multimodais presentes no livro Cercanía Joven de língua espanhola, observando como elas podem favorecer um trabalho voltado para o letramento crítico. Tal trabalho justifica-se por contribuir para a produção científica da linha de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras, pois tem como foco dois temas relevantes no contexto educacional brasileiro atual: o letramento crítico e a elaboração de livros didáticos. As análises apontam para o fato de que as atividades multimodais presentes no livro em questão maximizam a relação entre o educando e a proposta na perspectiva do letramento crítico,  no entanto, o trabalho com os textos ainda pode ser aprofundado a fim de contemplar outros aspectos, tais como, questões de gênero e práticas sociais para uma visão mais crítica.
Desafios profissionais da equipe especializada de apoio à aprendizagem frente à pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Bonfim Francisca , Martins Rossato Maristela , Silva Santana Lopes Telma
Published: October 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar os desafios enfrentados pela Equipe Especializada de Apoio à Aprendizagem – EEAA na atuação em uma escola da rede pública, no contexto do Programa Escola em Casa-DF, implementado para atender as necessidades emergenciais decorrentes da pandemia da COVID-19. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa realizada com base nos pressupostos teóricos da psicologia cultural-histórica mediante observações reflexivas, registro em diário de campo e dinâmicas conversacionais com a psicóloga e a pedagoga da equipe, atuantes na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental. Concluímos que, embora ainda predomine uma educação conteudista, esta tem sido tensionada pela situação de distanciamento social, que requer integrar o ensino às tecnologias digitais. Em meio aos problemas decorrentes do ineditismo do momento vivido, a equipe se reinventou, desenvolvendo ações e relações pedagógicas de acolhimento, afetividade, criatividade e sociabilidade para dar suporte aos professores, alunos e famílias. Evidenciamos que a nova configuração de trabalho da equipe favoreceu deslocamentos simbólico-emocionais geradores de novas produções subjetivas na comunidade escolar que possibilitaram um clima emocional favorável à retomada das atividades pedagógicas num enfrentamento coletivo da nova realidade de trabalho, oportunizando um viés para retomada do debate sobre a interface tecnologia e educação e o papel social da escola.
Ações afirmativas na Faculdade de Educação da UFRGS:
Authors: PRETTO FLAVIO LUIZ
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo trata da análise sobre as políticas de ações afirmativas na educação superior implementadas pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS. O estudo baseou-se em dados colhidos por pesquisa realizada no Laboratório de Informática de Ensino Superior – LIES – da Faculdade de Educação – FACED – na qual nove alunos cotistas do curso de pedagogia que acessam o referido laboratório foram entrevistados a fim de ouvir suas considerações sobre o funcionamento do espaço. A partir dos dados coletados nas entrevistas semiestruturadas com esses estudantes, foi possível concluir que o LIES acena para possibilidades de contribuir para o processo de democratização do acesso ao conhecimento para os alunos de classes populares, entre esses, os cotistas. Além da análise das contribuições do laboratório, optou-se também por investigar programas de apoio empreendidos pela UFRGS capazes de promover a permanência dos alunos cotistas no curso de pedagogia. O estudo apontou avanços no processo de inclusão socioeducativa a partir da implementação das ações afirmativas pela universidade e mostrou algumas consequências práticas para a vida acadêmica dos alunos cotistas.
mica dos alunos cotistas.
A medicalização do fracasso escolar na concepção dos pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças com queixa escolar
Authors: Cassiano Silva Janaina , Arruda Nunes Ana Clara de
Published: October 2021

As intervenções médicas na área da educação são cada vez mais frequentes e recorrentes como alternativa para superação do fracasso escolar das crianças. Nesse sentido, o estudo investigou a medicalização do fracasso escolar na concepção dos pais e/ou responsáveis de crianças com queixa escolar. Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa pautada na Teoria Histórico-Cultural com a participação de cinco (5) responsáveis pelas crianças com queixa escolar atendidas no ano de 2019, no projeto de extensão Orientação à Queixa Escolar da Universidade Federal de Catalão.  Para a obtenção dos dados realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas analisadas à luz da Teoria Histórico-Cultural. Notou-se posicionamento contrário à medicalização do fracasso escolar por parte das responsáveis, além disso, elas apontaram a escola como principal lugar de produção da queixa escolar. As entrevistadas relataram melhoras no comportamento e na superação da queixa escolar das crianças, mediante a participação no projeto de extensão Orientação à Queixa Escolar. Dessa forma, a mediação de qualidade pautada em questões sociais, históricas e educacionais foi observada como eficaz para a superação do fracasso escolar.
Paradoxial embolism as a cause of ischemic stroke in patient with sinus venosus atrial septal defect
Authors: Kulesh A. A. , Mekhryakov S. A. , Syromyatnikova L. I. , Gorst N. H. , Drobakha S. O. , Nikolaeva E. V.
Published: October 2021

We present a case report of a middle-aged patient with a rare sinus venosus atrial septal defect (ASD) and ischemic stroke that developed due to paradoxical embolism. Occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery led to a stroke with cognitive impairment, acalculia, and apraxia. Diagnostic ultrasound features of this anomaly in suspected cases are discussed. In the presented case, verification of the stroke cause became possible due to the contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the heart. ASD detection made it possible to refer the patient to the surgical treatment necessary to prevent both recurrent cerebral accidents and the progression of pulmonary hypertension, and the prevention of the development of right ventricular heart failure.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic (case report)
Authors: Tiuvina N. A. , Maksimova T. N. , Prokhorova S. V. , Vysokova V. O.
Published: October 2021

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected not only the somatic health of people but also their mental health and the organization of mental health care. Self-isolation, quarantine, extensive media coverage of the situation, a large amount of inaccurate information, and conflicting recommendations – all this has led to an increase in admission of patients who have not previously had mental illness to psychiatrists. As a confirmation of the influence of the above factors on the population's mental health, we present a case report of a 25-year-old patient who first came to a psychiatric clinic due to the obsessive-compulsive disorder that developed due to the pandemic.
Antiplatelet therapy in stroke prevention after non-cardioembolic transient ischemic attack
Authors: Fonyakin A. V. , Geraskina L. A. , Maksimova M. Yu.
Published: October 2021

The review shows modern concepts on the role of antiplatelet therapy in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients after non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). We present an analytical characteristic of all antiplatelet agents that have been studied in randomized controlled trials worldwide. We demonstrate the advantages and disadvantages of each agent in monotherapy and in combination. New ideas about the rationality of the use of combined antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and acetylsalicylic acid in the first 24 hours and no more than 90 days in patients with minor ischemic stroke or TIA are discussed. The efficacy and safety of new antiplatelet agents are analyzed. The basic principles of choosing antiplatelet agents in patients after ischemic noncardioembolic stroke/TIA are outlined.
Consensus of expert advices on routing, diagnosis, and management of patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Boyko A. N. , Bakhtiyarova K. Z. , Brylev L. V. , Zakharova M. N. , Kasatkin D. S. , Korobko D. S. , Kotov S. V. , Krasnov V. S. , Malkova N. A. , Popova E. V. , Sivertseva S. A. , Simaniv T. O. , Sokolova A. A. , Totolyan N. A. , Trushnikova T. N. , Khabirov F. A. , Khachanova N. V.
Published: October 2021

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSDs) are autoimmune inflammatory disorders accompanied by central nervous system damage, widespread immunemediated demyelination, and axonal damage, involving mainly the optic nerves, spinal cord, and area postrema. The diagnostic capabilities, administration and routing of patients, and therapeutic approaches to this disease need to be improved. During several expert councils held in 2019–2021 in different regions of the Russian Federation, we discussed multiple issues related to various aspects of medical care for patients with NMOSDs. As a result, the experts developed further steps necessary to improve the medical care to these patients: to write and publish clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of NMOSDs; to consider the possibility of optimizing the NMOSDs diagnostic program including the aquaporin-4 antibodies (AQP4-IgG) testing; to evaluate the implementation of a set of measures aimed at including the corresponding laboratory investigations into the system of state guarantees (together with the institutions of the Ministry of Health of Russia), if there is clinical and economic feasibility; to include the issues of timely NMOSDs evaluation in educational programs initiated by the scientific medical community, in order to raise awareness of primary care neurologists in relation to the clinical and neuroimaging signs of probable NMOSDs; to assess the possibility of introducing routing schemes for patients with NMOSDs at the regional level; to work out a decision on the collection of NMOSDs epidemiological and clinical data in the Russian Federation.
Association of polymorphic variants of genes (HTR2A, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, CLOCK, DRD2) and insomnia in alcohol dependence syndrome
Authors: Efremov I. S. , Asadullin A. R. , Dobrodeeva V. S. , Shnayder N. A. , Akhmetova E. A. , Tukhvatullina D. R. , Krupitsky E. M. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: October 2021

The majority of patients with alcohol dependence syndrome suffer from sleep disorders, particularly insomnia, associated with a number of critical clinical aspects, increased suicide risk, anxiety and depression. The authors of relevant publications indicate associations between polymorphic melatonin genes and melatonin metabolism and symptoms of sleep disorders. However, the literature review failed to reveal any studies on the role of genetic polymorphism of circadian rhythm regulators in sleep disorders in patients with alcohol dependence.

Objective: to determine the associations of polymorphic variants of genes HTR2A, MTNR1A, MTNR1B, CLOCK, DRD2 with sleep disorders risk in alcohol dependence syndrome.

Patients and methods. 307 patients with alcohol dependence syndrome were screened, including 61 women (21%) and 246 (79%) men (mean age – 41.92±7.9 years). The presence and severity of sleep disorders were assessed by the Insomnia Severity Index. In addition, 10 ml of venous blood sample was obtained from all participants. Genotyping of single nucleotide variants of HTR2A (rs6313), MTNR1A (rs34532313), MTNR1B (rs10830963), CLOCK (rs1801260), DRD2 (rs1800497) genes was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted using parametric and nonparametric methods.

Results and discussion. The carriage of the *G allele of the polymorphic variant of the MTNR1B (rs10830963) gene, and its genotypes are associated with a greater risk of insomnia than the carriage of *С/*С genotype. The carriage of the *С allele of the polymorphic variant of the CLOCK (rs1801260) gene, as well as the *С/*Т genotype, are associated with the presence of sleep disorders. No associations between polymorphic variants of the HTR2A (rs6313), DRD2 (rs1800497) genes and insomnia risk were detected in patients with alcohol dependence syndrome.

Conclusion. The found associations reveal prospects for future research on melatonin's role in the pathophysiology of sleep disorders in patients with alcohol dependence and pathogenetic therapy for insomnia.
Difficult issues in the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a neurologist's point of view
Authors: Kulesh A. A.
Published: October 2021

The article evaluates recent perspectives about the role of oral anticoagulants in the secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke. The timing of prescribing drugs for ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack is discussed in accordance with current clinical guidelines and the results of clinical trials. The issues of prescribing oral anticoagulants in some problematic situations, such as the elderly and senile age, reperfusion therapy, presence of hemorrhagic transformation, combined atherosclerosis of major head and neck arteries, cerebral microangiopathy, history of intracerebral hemorrhage, cryptogenic stroke, and low patient compliance are considered. Finally, an anticoagulant therapy algorithm in the acute period of cardioembolic stroke is presented.
Ultrafast Computation of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction by Using Temporal Intensity Variation in Cine Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Pednekar Amol S. , Cheong Benjamin Y.C. , Muthupillai Raja
Published: October 2021

Cardiac magnetic resonance enables comprehensive cardiac evaluation; however, intense time and labor requirements for data acquisition and processing have discouraged many clinicians from using it. We have developed an alternative image-processing algorithm that requires minimal user interaction: an ultrafast algorithm that computes left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by using temporal intensity variation in cine balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP) short-axis images, with or without contrast medium. We evaluated the algorithm's performance against an expert observer's analysis for segmenting the LV cavity in 65 study participants (LVEF range, 12%–70%). In 12 instances, contrast medium was administered before cine imaging. Bland-Altman analysis revealed quantitative effects of LV basal, midcavity, and apical morphologic variation on the algorithm's accuracy.

Total computation time for the LV stack was <2.5 seconds. The algorithm accurately delineated endocardial boundaries in 1,132 of 1,216 slices (93%). When contours in the extreme basal and apical slices were not adequate, they were replaced with manually drawn contours. The Bland-Altman mean differences were <1.2 mL (0.8%) for end-diastolic volume, <5 mL (6%) for end-systolic volume, and <3% for LVEF. Standard deviation of the difference was ≤4.1% of LV volume for all sections except the midcavity in end-systole (8.3% of end-systolic volume).

We conclude that temporal intensity variation–based ultrafast LVEF computation is clinically accurate across a range of LV shapes and wall motions and is suitable for postcontrast cine SSFP imaging. Our algorithm enables real-time processing of cine bSSFP images on a commercial scanner console within 3 seconds in an unobtrusive automated process.
SYNCHRONICZNOŚĆ WYSTĘPOWANIA ŚREDNICH ROCZNYCH STANÓW WODY JEZIOR PRZYBRZEŻNYCH I MORZA BAŁTYCKIEGO
Authors: PERZ ADAM , PLEWA KATARZYNA
Published: October 2021

Water level fluctuations of coastal lakes are more dynamic than in case of other lakes located in the medium latitude zone. In this study, mean annual values of water level of 6 coastal lakes (Resko Przymorskie, Jamno, Bukowo, Gardno, Łebsko, Druzno) of southern coast of the Baltic Sea and sea water level were analyzed, using correlation coefficient, it was also pointed at possibility of modelling dependencies between chosen variables using Copula theory. The highest correlation coefficient was noted for the pair Łebsko Lake–Baltic Sea, gauge station in Łeba (0.91), and the lowest one for the pair Jamno Lake–Baltic Sea, gauge station in Kołobrzeg (0.67). The results of correlation analysis were proved by analysis using Archimedean Copulas. The highest synchronicity in relation to sea water levels was observed for Łebsko Lake (77.54%), the lowest one for Jamno Lake (59.98%). The method on the basis of Copula functions applied in the study shows that not only traditional correlation methods allow to verify dependencies and their strength between data series. There was noted strong dependency between correlation coefficient values and synchronicity. The obtained results allow to conclude that there is diversified strength of dependencies between mean annual water levels of coastal lakes in Poland and mean annual water levels of the Baltic Sea.
CHARAKTERYSTYKA OPADÓW ATMOSFERYCZNYCH W GORZOWIE WIELKOPOLSKIM W LATACH 1951–2016
Authors: SZYGA-PLUTA KATARZYNA , WOJTKOWIAK DOMINIKA
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the work is to characterize the precipitation occurrence and the synoptic conditions of the extreme cases in Gorzów Wielkopolski. In the paper the daily precipitation data from IMGW-PIB for Gorzów Wielkopolski station in years 1951–2016 were used. The average monthly, annual and seasonal sums were calculated and the intensity of precipitation was analyzed. Days without any precipitation were also included. Special attention was paid to extreme precipitation cases and their synoptic conditions. The average precipitation in the research period was 547,1 mm. On average, as much as 80% during the year were days with very low (0.1–1.0 mm) and low (1.1–5.0 mm) precipitation, and 13% with moderate (5.1–10.0 mm). Extreme daily precipitation totals in Gorzów Wielkopolski (95th percentile) occur mainly in summer and spring. They are associated with the transition of the atmospheric front or with the development of convection over heated land.
Estrutura e relação composição florística-ambiente em uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, MG
Authors: Silva Leovandes Soares , Soares Cassiano Cardoso Costa , Oliveira Paula Alves , Mendonça Filho Carlos Victor , Botrel Rejane Tavares , Machado Evandro Luiz Mendonça
Published: October 2021

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a estrutura e a diversidade florística em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual, no Parque Nacional das Sempre-vivas, Minas Gerais, com o propósito de identificar se a composição das espécies está relacionada com as variáveis ambientais e espaciais. Foram alocadas 30 parcelas de 400 m2 (20 × 20 m), distribuídas de forma sistemática. Em cada parcela foram identificados e mensurados os indivíduos vivos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5,0 cm. Foram também coletadas amostras de solo (profundidade de 0–20 cm), para posteriores análises químicas e físicas. Foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociológicos clássicos, índice de diversidade de Shannon (H’) e equabilidade de Pielou (J’), distribuição diamétrica e análises multivariadas de redundância (RDA). As análises edáficas mostraram que essa comunidade possui solo de textura argilosa e baixa disponibilidade de macronutrientes. Já as variáveis ambientais (cota média, cálcio, manganês, cobre, fósforo e areia) tiveram correlação significativa com a distribuição das espéceis (p < 0,05), o componente ambiental e espacial explicaram 15% da distribuição das espécies. A proporção não explicada indica de que outras variáveis não mensuradas nesse estudo prevalecem na estruturação dessa comunidade. Foram encontrados 2187 indivíduos, 51 famílias botânicas, divididos em: grupo I com 1017 indivíduos e 128 espécies, grupo II 794 indivíduos e 132 espécies e grupo III 376 indivíduos e 97 espécies. As espécies Licania hoehne e Ocotea corymbosa possuem os maiores valores de importância. A distribuição diamétrica mostra que a maioria dos indivíduos se concentram nas primeiras classes diamétricas.
Vegetação inside: uma análise comparativa de pigmentos foliares e fluorescência da clorofila em plantas variegadas
Authors: Taques Rhuann Carlo Viero , Lima Patricia Carla Giloni , De Lima Vanderlei Aparecido
Published: October 2021

Plantas características de ambientes de sub-bosque apresentam colorações variadas em suas folhas denominadas de variegações. Estas tendem a regular, por meio de suas concentrações de pigmentos foliares, seus processos fotossintéticos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi comparar as concentrações de pigmentos foliares e de parâmetros da fluorescência da clorofila a em quatro espécies de plantas variegadas, Fittonia albivenis, Alternanthera ficoidea, Tradescantia spathacea e Hypoestes phyllostachya, bem como das espécies controles, Jasminum mesnyi e Tradescantia pallida, para determinar quais são mais propicias aos ambientes residenciais com altas e baixas intensidades luminosas. A análise dos pigmentos foliares foi realizada por espectrofotometria e a de emissão de fluorescência da clorofila a através do fluorômetro PAM-2500, cujos parâmetros foram calculados a partir do teste-JIP. Os teores de clorofila a variaram de 27,67 a 110,88 (μg mL-1 gMF-1), os de clorofila b variaram de 10,29 a 40,64 (μg mL-1 gMF-1). Os títulos de carotenoides variaram de 2,6275 a 26,1925 (μg mL-1 gMF-1) e os de antocianinas variaram de 0,00 a 2,26 (μg mL-1 gMF-1), sendo que os maiores títulos ocorreram na espécie controle J. mesnyi e na variegada F. albivenis. Os parâmetros da fluorescência diferiram estatisticamente entre as plantas variegadas em relação aos controles. Concluímos que a espécie T. spathacea apresenta melhor adaptação a ambientes com altos índices de radiação luminosa. Em ambientes com maior variação desta as espécies H. phyllostachya e A. ficoidea se desenvolverão melhor. Por fim, a espécie F. albivenis deve ser mantida em ambientes com baixos índices de radiação luminosa.
Hogyan látják a múzeumok a felsőoktatással való kapcsolatot és a továbbfejlesztés lehetőségeit?
Authors: Nagy Magdolna
Published: October 2021

2020 áprilisában a Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum – Múzeumi Oktatási és Módszertani Központ (MOKK) országos kutatást indított a muzeális intézmények és a felsőoktatás kapcsolatának vizsgálatára. A kvantitatív és kvalitatív részből álló komplex kutatás célja az volt, hogy feltérképezze az együttműködés gyakorlatát, tapasztalatait, nehézségeit. A kutatás kiindulópontként szolgálhat a MOKK jövőbeni módszertani fejlesztésének, amely a kapcsolatépítés elősegítésére irányul. A kutatás aktualitását az a 19 mintaprojekt is megerősítette, amelyekben a muzeális intézmények a felsőoktatási intézmények bevonásával dolgoztak ki és/vagy valósítottak meg múzeumpedagógiai programokat a köznevelés számára. A kutatás mind a múzeumok, mind az egyetemek irányából megvizsgálta a partnerségeket és kitért mindkét oldalon a mintaprojektek hatásvizsgálatára is. A múzeumok és a mintaprojektekben nem szereplő felsőoktatási intézmények kutatását a MOKK végezte, jelen tanulmány ezt foglalja össze. A vizsgálat alapján megállapítható, hogy jelenleg az egyetemeknek nagyobb érdeke fűződik a múzeumi partnerséghez, mint fordítva. Az együttműködések akadályozó tényezői között a forráshiány, a kapacitáshiány, a földrajzi távolság és a hallgatók korlátozott szabadideje dominál. További együttműködéseket eredményezhetne, ha mindkét fél több ismerettel rendelkezne a másik intézmény tevékenységeiről, az együttműködés lehetséges területeiről, formáiról, valamint arról, hogy mit nyújthatnak egymásnak.
The Global Configuration of Visual Stimuli Alters Co-Fluctuations of Cross-Hemispheric Human Brain Activity
Authors: Nasr Shahin , Kleinfeld David , Polimeni Jonathan R.
Published: October 2021

We tested how a stimulus gestalt, defined by the neuronal interaction between local and global features of a stimulus, is represented within human primary visual cortex (V1). We used high-resolution fMRI, which serves as a surrogate of neuronal activation, to measure co-fluctuations within subregions of V1 as (male and female) subjects were presented with peripheral stimuli, each with different global configurations. We found stronger cross-hemisphere correlations when fine-scale V1 cortical subregions represented parts of the same object compared with different objects. This result was consistent with the vertical bias in global processing and, critically, was independent of the task and local discontinuities within objects. Thus, despite the relatively small receptive fields of neurons within V1, global stimulus configuration affects neuronal processing via correlated fluctuations between regions that represent different sectors of the visual field.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe provide the first evidence for the impact of global stimulus configuration on cross-hemispheric fMRI fluctuations, measured in human primary visual cortex. Our results are consistent with changes in the level of γ-band synchrony, which has been shown to be affected by global stimulus configuration, being reflected in the level fMRI co-fluctuations. These data help narrow the gap between knowledge of global stimulus configuration encoding at the single-neuron level versus at the behavioral level.
VURGULU ELEKTRİK ALAN ÖN İŞLEMİ İLE DEREOTUNDAN FENOLİKLERİN EKSTRAKSİYONU: DONDURUP ÇÖZÜNDÜRME, ISIL İŞLEM, MİKRODALGA ÖN İŞLEMLERİ VE SOLVENT EKSTRAKSİYONU İLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: FİNCAN Mustafa , ÇİFTCİ Yasemin
Published: October 2021

Bu çalışmada 3-4 kV/cm aralığındaki vurgulu elektrik alan uygulamasının dereotu dokusunu bozma düzeyleri elektriksel iletkenlik bazlı bir parçalanma indeksi ile tahmin edilip, en yüksek bozunumu sağlayan şartlarda fenoliklerin ekstrakte edilebilirliği katı-sıvı ekstraksiyon sisteminde incelenmiştir. Ekstraksiyon sonunda, toplam fenolik içerik (TFİ), antioksidan kapasite (AK) ve antiradikal aktivite (AA) değerleri ölçülüp, diğer ön işlemlerinki (dondurma-çözme, mikrodalga, solvent işlemi ve ısıl işlem) ile karşılaştırılmıştır. En yüksek indeks (61.43 ± 5.17) 4 kV/cm’de 99x10µs lik uygulama şartlarında gözlenmiş olup, buda dereotunun parçalanma direncinin çalışmada kıyaslanan parankim dokularından ve yenilebilir yapraklardan yüksek olduğuna işaret etmiştir. Vurgulu elektrik alan destekli ekstraksiyonun TFİ ve AK değerleri dondurup-çözündürme ön işleminden yaklaşık %35 oranında düşük bulunurken, ısıl işlem içeren (mikrodalga, solvent işlemi ve ısıl işlem) yöntemlerden ortalamada %68 oranında düşük tespit edilmiştir. Vurgulu elektrik alan önişleminde ekstraksiyon veriminin, doku parçalanma düzeyinden ve fenoliklerin polifenol oksidaz (PPO) tarafından bozulmasından etkilendiği şeklinde yorumlanmıştır.
Sea-ice associated carbon flux in Arctic spring
Authors: Ehrlich J. , Bluhm B. A. , Peeken I. , Massicotte P. , Schaafsma F. L. , Castellani G. , Brandt A. , Flores H.
Published: October 2021

The Svalbard region faces drastic environmental changes, including sea-ice loss and “Atlantification” of Arctic waters, caused primarily by climate warming. These changes result in shifts in the sea-ice-associated (sympagic) community structure, with consequences for the sympagic food web and carbon cycling. To evaluate the role of sympagic biota as a source, sink, and transmitter of carbon, we sampled pack ice and under-ice water (0–2 m) north of Svalbard in spring 2015 by sea-ice coring and under-ice trawling. We estimated biomass and primary production of ice algae and under-ice phytoplankton as well as biomass, carbon demand, and secondary production of sea-ice meiofauna (>10 µm) and under-ice fauna (>300 µm). Sea-ice meiofauna biomass (0.1–2.8 mg C m–2) was dominated by harpacticoid copepods (92%), nauplii (4%), and Ciliophora (3%). Under-ice fauna biomass (3.2–62.7 mg C m–2) was dominated by Calanus copepods (54%). Appendicularia contributed 23% through their high abundance at one station. Herbivorous sympagic fauna dominated the carbon demand across the study area, estimated at 2 mg C m–2 day–1 for ice algae and 4 mg C m–2 day–1 for phytoplankton. This demand was covered by the mean primary production of ice algae (11 mg C m–2 day–1) and phytoplankton (30 mg C m–2 day–1). Hence, potentially 35 mg C m–2 day–1 of algal material could sink from the sympagic realm to deeper layers. The demand of carnivorous under-ice fauna (0.3 mg C m–2 day–1) was barely covered by sympagic secondary production (0.3 mg C m–2 day–1). Our study emphasizes the importance of under-ice fauna for the carbon flux from sea ice to pelagic and benthic habitats and provides a baseline for future comparisons in the context of climate change.