bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A maternal warm-reactive autoantibody presenting as a positive direct antiglobulin test in a neonate
Authors: Illiamson T.D. W , Liles L.H. , Blackall D.P.
Published: May 2021

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in pregnancy is a rare cause of hemolytic disease of the newborn. This report describes a neonate with a mild hemolytic process and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) presenting as the first manifestations of a maternal warm-reactive autoantibody. A full-term male neonate, blood group O, had a strongly positive DAT and laboratory evidence suggestive of a mild hemolytic process. The neonate’s mother was also group O and had a negative antibody screen. Umbilical cord blood testing revealed a panreactive eluate though the antibody was not detected in cord serum. The neonate’s mother was also found to have a positive DAT. A panagglutinin was identified in an eluate of her red cells, although the autoantibody could not be detected in her serum by a variety of sensitive techniques. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of maternal hemolysis.
Immunohematology
1997;13:6–8.
Quantitating fetomaternal hemorrhages of D+ red cells using an FITC-conjugated IgG monoclonal anti-D by flow cytometry: a case report
Authors: Lubenko A. , Collier R. , Williams M. , Hindmarch D. , Wilson S. , Pluck J.
Published: May 2021

Several methods for quantitating fetomaternal hemorrhages (FMHs) have been described; these include the Kleihauer-Betke and red cell rosetting tests, and flow cytometry that uses an indirect antiglobulin technique, employing either FITC-conjugated IgG/unlabeled anti-D or streptavidin conjugates with biotinylated anti-D to enumerate D+ red cells in maternal blood. We have used a recently described directly conjugated FITC anti-D for direct flow cytometric (direct FC) quantitation of FMH in a patient who presented with a large fetal bleed (approx. 80mL) as determined using the Kleihauer method. We compared the efficacy of the direct FC technique to the roset- ting and Kleihauer tests in estimating the quantity of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) to be administered to the mother to suppress Rh alloimmunization. Both the Kleihauer and the direct FC gave precise estimates of 80mL for the size of bleed, whereas the rosetting test failed to be as precise. The former tests predicted that a 10,000 iu dose (2,000 μ g) of RhIg would be adequate; the lack of alloanti-D in a maternal follow-up sample obtained 9 months after delivery supported this prediction and underlined the reliability of the direct FC method as an alternative to the Kleihauer method for quantitating large FMHs.
Immunohematology
1997;13:12–14.
Frequency of neutrophil-specific antigens among Koreans using the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test (GIFT)
Authors: Han K.S. , Um T.H.
Published: May 2021

NA1, NA2, NB1, NB2, NC1, and NE1 are a group of antigens specifically expressed on neutrophils. Antibodies against neutrophil-specific antigens are involved in alloimmune neonatal neutropenia (ANN), autoimmune neutropenia (AIN), and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI). We investigated the frequencies of NA1, NA2, NB1, and Mart antigens in 105 healthy Korean blood donors (65 males, 40 females) by the granulocyte indirect immunofluorescence test (GIFT) employing flow cytometry. Antigen and gene frequencies were: NA1, 0.78 and 0.53, respectively; NA2, 0.75 and 0.50, respectively; and NB1, 0.86 and 0.62, respectively. The Mart antigen was positive in all 105 subjects included in this study. The proportions of NB1-positive neutrophils among NB1-positive individuals were variable with a mean value of 72.0 ± 20.2% (range, 27–100%). Differences in the frequency of the NA1 antigen have been reported between Asian and Caucasian populations. Our data support this variation. In addition, it was found that the frequency of the NA1 antigen in Koreans is significantly lower than in Japanese and Chinese populations (p < 0.05).
Immunohematology
1997;13:15–16.
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction and paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria: an unusual association
Authors: Wodzinski M.A. , Collin R.C. , Booker D.J. , Stamps R. , Bellamy J.D. , Sokol R.J.
Published: May 2021

An 80-year-old female presented with melena and anemia due to bleeding from a benign gastric ulcer. Her blood group was O, D+. The serum contained anti-B and a weak anti-A (titer 2 at 18°C). She was inadvertently transfused with approximately 3.5 units of group A red blood cells with no initial ill effects. One week later, the antiA titer increased to 8 and the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) was weakly positive (IgG and C3d). The next day, intravascular hemolysis became evident. The DAT was still weakly positive and the serum contained a weak cold autoagglutinin, which did not correlate with the severity of the hemolysis. A Donath-Landsteiner test was performed and found to be strongly positive. The antibody showed P specificity, confirming a diagnosis of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH). Exchange transfusion was followed by rapid recovery even though the Donath-Landsteiner test remained positive for at least a month. The patient was well when last seen 11 months after presentation. It was thought that the original low titer of anti-A reflected compromised immune homeostasis in an elderly patient and that stimulation by incompatible blood in those circumstances resulted in a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction that triggered, exacerbated, or was accompanied by an autoimmune response manifesting as PCH.
Case report: reporting anti-G as anti-C+D may have misleading clinical implications
Authors: Mosley A.L. , Trich M.B. , Thomas N.C. , Sandler S.G.
Published: May 2021

Four months after a D– male was transfused with four units of D– red blood cells (RBCs), the results of a standard pretransfusion antibody screen and alloantibody identification panel detected anti-C+D in his serum. This report was interpreted by his physician to be evidence of alloimmunization to the D antigen, which triggered concern that the patient had been transfused previously with D+ RBCs as the result of an error in blood typing or personal identification. After a review of hospital records failed to identify such an error, consultation with a reference laboratory technologist confirmed that the serologic reactions resembled those of anti-C+D but were also consistent with antiC + anti-G. Additional testing confirmed that the reactions were due to anti-G, not anti-C+D. One of the four donors was identified to have the C+D– RBC phenotype, which is typically G+, thus identifying the stimulus for anti-G. Routine reporting of the detection of anti-C+D in the serum of D– people, without confirmatory testing or commentary about the possibility that anti-G may resemble anti-C+D, may mislead health care providers who are not familiar with the pertinent blood group serology.
Semiautomation of platelet HPA-1a phenotyping by SPRCA and ELISA
Authors: Mohabir L.A. , Porter L.
Published: May 2021

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and solid phase red cell adherence assay (SPRCA) were assessed for platelet HPA-1a typing in U well microplates. Both methods were partially automated by the use of the Tecan RSP 8051ID robotic sampler and the SLT 400 ATC plate reader with Soft2000 software. Pretreatment of the adherent platelets with chloroquine diphosphate or citric acid enabled anti-HPA-1a, even when contaminated with HLA class 1 antibodies, to be used for typing. Of 675 antenatal samples, 13 were identified as HPA-1a negative. A further 36 known donor HPA-1a negative samples were correctly typed by both methods. Concordant results were obtained for the ELISA and SPRCA. All presumed HPA-1a negatives were confirmed by either polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) or by monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). The two semiautomated systems provide simple, accurate, reproducible, and secure ways for large scale HPA-1a phenotyping. The SPRCA can also be performed as a manual technique for small batches of samples.
Virtual Lab Integration in Undergraduate Courses: Insights from Course Design and Implementation
Authors: Papaconstantinou Maria , Kilkenny Dawn , Garside Christopher , Ju William , Najafi Hedieh , Harrison Laurie
Published: May 2021

The instructors of four biology-related courses at a Canadian university integrated Labster virtual labs in their courses as a pre-lab activity, lecture substitute, or to provide lab experience in courses with no on-site labs. The instructors used a backward design approach to align the labs with the learning objectives of their courses and to connect the labs with their course assessments. A study was conducted to examine students’ perceptions of the usefulness of the virtual labs in terms of content knowledge and lab skills. At the end of each course, the instructors administered an anonymous survey in their classes. In total, 370 students participated. Across all four courses, survey results showed that at least 77% of the students found that virtual lab simulations helped them understand course concepts. At least 74% of the students navigated the virtual labs with no issues and 58% of the students found the simulations to be of high quality.
Évaluation du niveau de maîtrise des connaissances professionnelles TPACK d’enseignants du secondaire intégrant la simulation comme instrument pédagogique dans un cours : Étude de cas au Cameroun.
Authors: Dabove-Foueko Georges Modeste , Becerril Ortega Raquel
Published: May 2021

Cette contribution propose une classification des statuts de maîtrise des connaissances professionnelles activées dans l’enseignement d’un cours à l’aide de la simulation informatique. L’évaluation des domaines de connaissances réalisée s’appuie sur la catégorisation du TPACK[1] de (Mishra et Koehler, 2006) et implique 40 enseignants des lycées au Cameroun. L’analyse des données recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire Likert a révélé une configuration épistémologique constituée de trois statuts dominants de maîtrise des connaissances professionnelles parmi les enseignants. La classe n°1 réfère au statut de maîtrise composée majoritairement d’enseignants possédant un niveau « insuffisant ». Elle renferme les connaissances des contenus (CK), technologiques liées aux contenus (TCK) et technopédagogiques du contenu (TPCK). La classe n°2 renvoie au statut de maîtrise pour lequel la plupart des enseignants expriment un niveau « satisfaisant ». Elle adresse les connaissances pédagogiques liées aux contenus (PCK). Enfin, la classe n°3 correspond au statut de maîtrise pour lequel les enseignants se positionnent majoritairement au niveau « d’expert ». Celle-ci inclut les connaissances pédagogiques (PK), technologiques (TK) et technopédagogique (TPK). Ces résultats ouvrent la perspective d’une réflexion sur les actions à entreprendre pour développer la professionnalité des enseignants par le biais de la formation.
 
[1] Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge.
Teaching with Sandbox Games: Minecraft, Game-Based Learning, and 21st Century Competencies
Authors: Hébert Cristyne , Jenson Jennifer
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present the findings of a research study, working with 12 educators in a large urban school board in Ontario using Minecraft for 21st century competency development. We identify a number of pedagogical moves teachers made to support 21st century learning through communication and collaboration, both in the classroom and in the game world, and three approaches to play, directed/guided, scaffolded, and open, that represented a three tiers of critical thinking and creativity/innovation. We argue that while an open, exploratory sandbox game such as Minecraft can meaningfully aid students in the development of 21st century competencies, it is in fact teachers’ decisions around how the game will be used in the classroom that determine whether or not 21st century competency development is supported.
Boundary Crossing between Formal and Informal Learning Opportunities: A Pathway for Advancing e-Learning Sustainability
Authors: Bradshaw Kathlyn , Lock Jennifer , Parchoma Gale
Published: May 2021

In this article, third generation cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) (Engeström, 2011) will be the means for analyzing tensions and contradictions between formal and informal learning within a MOOC design. This article builds on previous work (Bradshaw, Parchoma & Lock, 2017) wherein cultural historical activity theory (CHAT) was used to establish formal and informal learning as activity systems. Formal and informal learning are considered in relation to designing learning for a MOOC environment.  Findings from an in situ study specifically examining CHAT elements in the process of design are considered in a movement towards making visible what those tasked with designing courses normally do not see in relation to informal learning. Implications for practice are presented in a CHAT-Informed MOOC design model intended to augment typical approaches to instructional design. The outcome is an argument for CHAT-Informed MOOC design model can intentionally address both formal and informal opportunities for learning.
Djalkiri Rom and Gifts, Talents, and Talent Development: Yolnu Way, an Australian Aboriginal Approach to Talent Development
Authors: Thraves Genevieve , Dhurrkay Miriam , Baker Penelope , Berman Jeanette
Published: May 2021

Giftedness has long been recognised as a cultural construct. Further, the processes and practices for developing talents are culturally influenced. Yet, there is little existing research into Australian Aboriginal understandings of giftedness and talent. There is a need to move beyond pan-Aboriginality when considering Australian Aboriginal views, and with this in mind, this paper reports the findings of an investigation into Yolŋu conceptions of giftedness, talent, and talent development. Importantly, for the Yolŋu participants in this study, these constructs are grounded in their foundation law (Djalkiri Rom). It follows that identification of giftedness relies on observation of traits and behaviours that, when harnessed, will serve these cultural priorities. It also follows that the practices and processes used by the Yolŋu to develop talents will be mediated by their cultural milieu. This has implications for young people from cultural minority backgrounds, including Australian Aboriginal students, who often find their approaches to giftedness and talent sidelined at school.
Homeschooling Gifted Learners: An Australian Perspective
Authors: Conejeros-Solar Maria Leonor , Smith Susen R.
Published: May 2021

Homeschooling has been a growing movement worldwide since the 1970s and a research topic for the last 30 years in Australia. Despite this body of knowledge, no studies have focused specifically on gifted homeschooling in this country. Using a qualitative approach, 10 mothers of 10 gifted children were interviewed; data were analysed using qualitative content analysis methodology. Five major themes emerged: (1) homeschooling motivations, (2) giftedness challenges, (3) homeschooling provision, (4) facilitators for homeschooling, and (5) barriers to homeschooling. In the findings, it was suggested that homeschooling is chosen for the majority of families as a healing process from a school system that has damaged them emotionally and cognitively. Families of gifted children value the freedom and flexibility of the homeschooling option to encourage their gifted children’s abilities and interests. The outcomes of this study present a clearer understanding of the decisional and implementation processes of home schooling carried out by families of gifted learners and its effect on their lives.
An Interview of Professor Tracey Riley
Authors: Ballam Nadine
Published: May 2021

This is an interview with Tracy Riley, Ph.D, Professor and Dean, Research at Massey University in Aotearoa New Zealand. Tracy is the most recent New Zealand scholar to reach Professorship in Aotearoa New Zealand, an achievement that represents the value and extent of her work in the field of giftedness and talent.
Impact of Moroccan Female MPs on the Decision Making Process: Challenges and Limitations
Authors: Bousmaha Ghita
Published: May 2021

The notion of gender has always been a debatable issue especially when it comes to power relations. This article is an attempt to shed light on the major forms and patterns that face these female MPs to impact the decision making process in relation to males. It focuses mainly on the nature and forms these MPs can have as decision makers. To achieve this aim, we look at the effectiveness of these women in decision zones. Female MPs were interviewed especially to evaluate the outcome of a long struggle that attempts to change the pre-constructed images associated with these female effectiveness. Moroccan female members of the parliament’s impact on decision making process is mostly governed by a set of cultural and political formations; it is not a question of time or space, but mostly in how these notions have been constructed to meet special aims.
The Radiological and Clinical Outcomes of Routinely Performed Second Head Computed Tomography in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: ER Anıl , ÇAĞLAR Aykut , AKGÜL Fatma , ULUSOY Emel , DUMAN Murat , YILMAZ Durgül
Published: May 2021

Aim: In this study, we aimed to assess how the routine use of a second head computed tomography (CT) scan contributed to therapeutic approach in children diagnosed with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods: The retrospective study included children with mild TBI who had traumatic lesions on initial head CT and underwent a second CT scan as performed routinely at our pediatric emergency department between August 2010 and August 2014. Patient data (age and sex, mechanism of trauma, symptoms, physical examination findings, results of the first and second head CT scans, time between the two scans, and medical and surgical treatments) were recorded.Results: A total of 113 patients met the inclusion criteria and 57.5% of them were male. The median patient age was 28 (interquartile range: 6.5–80) months. Seventy-two (63.7%) patients were asymptomatic on admission and there was no finding on physical examination in 54 (47.8%) patients. Of all traumatic lesions, 64.9% were linear skull fracture, 13.7% subdural hematoma, 13% contusion, 3.8% subarachnoid hemorrhage, 3% epidural hematoma, 0.8% intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and 0.8% depressed skull fracture. The routine second head CT scans were performed after 11±2.5 hours and revealed progression in 6.2% of the patients. No subsequent change in medical treatment or neurosurgical intervention occurred.Conclusion: Although the progression rate in routinely repeated CT at our emergency department was 6.2%, there was no change in the medical and neurosurgical interventions performed.
Determination of the Normal Range for Thyroid Uptake of Technetium-99m Pertechnetate in a Turkish population
Authors: GÜNGÖR Serkan
Published: May 2021

Aim: This study aimed to determine the normal range for thyroid uptake of technetium-99m (99mTc) pertechnetate in a Turkish population.Methods: The retrospective study included 73 (54 females, 19 males) consecutive euthyroid patients, all of whom underwent thyroid scintigraphy using 99mTc-pertechnetate as a component of parathyroid scintigraphy for parathyroid adenoma localization. The value of thyroid uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate at the 20th minute was calculated for each patient.Results: The mean patient age was 56.4±15.2 years; the mean thyroid-stimulating hormone level was 1.15±0.48 uIU/mL. The median and interquartile range values of 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake were 0.8% and 0.56–1.15%, respectively. The normal range for thyroid uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate was determined to be 0.26–1.64%. There was a negative correlation between 99mTc-pertechnetate uptake and age (r =-0.33, p=0.002).Conclusion: We propose that our new normal range for thyroid uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate based on significantly lower values compared with those currently in use in Turkey is appropriate for use to evaluate thyroid function in thyroid disorders in the population of Istanbul.
Industrial use of whey in the production of a yogurt-type fermented milk drink with Aloe vera L. (Asphodelaceae) crystals and Passiflora ligularis Juss. (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Gutiérrez Álzate Katherine , Beltrán Cotta Luis Alfonso , Granados Conde Clemente
Published: May 2021

Currently, the food industry searches for innovation and the use of natural and more economical resources. With this in mind, the industrial application of whey was used to elaborate a yogurt-type fermented milk drink with Aloe vera L. crystals (Asphodelaceae) and Passiflora ligularis Juss. (Passifloraceae). For this purpose, A. vera crystals and granadilla or passionfruit pulp, were extracted and added to the four formulations established. Physicochemical, bromatological, microbiological, and sensory analyses (hedonic test) were carried out. The formulations with the highest content of A. vera (F4) and granadilla (F2) showed the best results in bromatological, microbiological, and sensory properties. The A. vera crystals and the granadilla pulp are of great industrial value due to the improvement that their addition gave to the physicochemical, bromatological, microbiological, and sensory properties of the yogurt-type fermented milk drink.
Feasibility of Virtual Reality Audiological Testing: Prospective Study
Authors: Seol Hye Yoon , Kang Soojin , Lim Jihyun , Hong Sung Hwa , Moon Il Joon
Published: May 2021

Background

It has been noted in the literature that there is a gap between clinical assessment and real-world performance. Real-world conversations entail visual and audio information, yet there are not any audiological assessment tools that include visual information. Virtual reality (VR) technology has been applied to various areas, including audiology. However, the use of VR in speech-in-noise perception has not yet been investigated.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of virtual space (VS) on speech performance and its feasibility to be used as a speech test instrument. We hypothesized that individuals’ ability to recognize speech would improve when visual cues were provided.

Methods

A total of 30 individuals with normal hearing and 25 individuals with hearing loss completed pure-tone audiometry and the Korean version of the Hearing in Noise Test (K-HINT) under three conditions—conventional K-HINT (cK-HINT), VS on PC (VSPC), and VS head-mounted display (VSHMD)—at –10 dB, –5 dB, 0 dB, and +5 dB signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Participants listened to target speech and repeated it back to the tester for all conditions. Hearing aid users in the hearing loss group completed testing under unaided and aided conditions. A questionnaire was administered after testing to gather subjective opinions on the headset, the VSHMD condition, and test preference.

Results

Provision of visual information had a significant impact on speech performance between the normal hearing and hearing impaired groups. The Mann-Whitney U test showed statistical significance (P<.05) between the two groups under all test conditions. Hearing aid use led to better integration of audio and visual cues. Statistical significance through the Mann-Whitney U test was observed for –5 dB (P=.04) and 0 dB (P=.02) SNRs under the cK-HINT condition, as well as for –10 dB (P=.007) and 0 dB (P=.04) SNRs under the VSPC condition, between hearing aid and non–hearing aid users. Participants reported positive responses across almost all items on the questionnaire except for the weight of the headset. Participants preferred a test method with visual imagery, but found the headset to be heavy.

Conclusions

Findings are in line with previous literature that showed that visual cues were beneficial for communication. This is the first study to include hearing aid users with a more naturalistic stimulus and a relatively simple test environment, suggesting the feasibility of VR audiological testing in clinical practice.
Association of Depressive Symptoms with Rapid Kidney Function Decline in Adults with Normal Kidney Function
Authors: Zhang Zhuxian , He Panpan , Liu Mengyi , Zhou Chun , Liu Chengzhang , Li Huan , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Qinqin , Ye Ziliang , Wu Qimeng , Wang Guobao , Liang Min , Qin Xianhui
Published: May 2021

Background and objectives

The relationship of depressive symptoms with kidney function remains poorly investigated. We aimed to evaluate the prospective association between depressive symptoms and rapid decline in kidney function in Chinese adults with normal kidney function.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

A total of 4763 participants with eGFR≥60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at baseline were enrolled from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Baseline depressive symptoms were determined using a ten-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale with a cutoff score of greater than or equal to ten to define high depressive symptoms. The GFR was estimated by a combination of serum creatinine and cystatin C. The primary outcome was rapid decline in kidney function, defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of ≥5 ml/min per 1.73 m2. Secondary outcome was defined as an annualized decline in eGFR of ≥5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and to a level of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at the exit visit.

Results

During a median follow-up of 4 years (interquartile range, 3.92–4.00), 260 (6%) participants developed rapid decline in kidney function. Overall, there was a significant positive association between baseline depressive symptoms and rapid decline in kidney function (per five-scores increment; adjusted odds ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.28) after adjustments for major demographic, clinical, or psychosocial covariates. Consistently, compared with participants with low depressive symptoms (total Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale score less than ten), a significantly higher risk of rapid decline in kidney function was found among those with high depressive symptoms (total Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale score greater than or equal to ten; adjusted odds ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.88). Similar results were found for the secondary outcome (per five-scores increment; adjusted odds ratio, 1.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.51).

Conclusions

High depressive symptoms were significantly associated with a higher risk of rapid kidney function decline among Chinese adults with normal kidney function.
Brand Machiavelli
Authors: Jackson Dr. Michael
Published: May 2021

In this paper I analyze the reputation of Niccolò Machiavelli against the criteria of celebrity found in the Cultural Studies literature. Applied to Machiavelli these criteria include the detachment of his name from any substance of his works, life, or thought; trading on the recognition of his name; the appetite for biographies of him; and the integration of his very name into the common parlance in the adjective “Machiavellian” and the noun “Machiavellianism” which are widely used as self-explanatory in the media, press, and You Tube videos, music, and social media. The evidence adduced for these conclusions is mainly in books—print and digital—but incorporates film, plays, music, and commerce. In short, Machiavelli has accumulated sufficient media capital to be internalized into the popular culture and so rendered an immortal celebrity, i.e., that is Brand Machiavelli.
The Self-Reported Roles of Executive Functions, Behavior Experiences and Locus of Control in Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Roitsch Jane
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Myriad studies have endeavored to determine why people stutter. It has been suggested that prior experiences, self-perceptions, specific cognition abilities (i.e., executive functions), and/or whether a person perceives their stuttering to be controlled internally or externally can provide insight into stuttering behaviors. What is not known is whether a relationship exists between these variables has more influence on persons who stutter than another. This preliminary study used the Locus of Control of Behavior scale (LCB; Craig et al., 1984), Overall Assessment of the Speaker’s Experience of Stuttering; (OASES; Yaruss & Quesal, 2006, Yaruss & Quesal, 2008), and the Comprehensive Executive Function Inventory, (CEFI-A-SR; Naglieri & Goldstein, 2013) to better understand what relationships, if any, exist between locus of control of behavior, stuttering experiences, and executive functions in persons with fluency disorders.Method: A total of 116 adults who stutter completed online surveys which included demographic questions, the LCB, OASES, and CEFI-A-SR.Results: Self-monitoring was the lone executive function scale score demonstrating a relationship to LCB and OASES scores.Conclusions: An internal control of behavior and positive outlook on stuttering experiences as well as a sense of effective self-monitoring may be required for a person to manage stuttering behaviors effectively.
On Wars
Authors: Lane Jan-Erik
Published: May 2021

Representatives of the states of the world must find other means of conflict handling than warfare. The increasing tension between open and closed societies calls for new mechanisms of intergovernmental interaction. Intervention in Burma is necessary to hinder a new example of the meaninglessness of warfare. The war in Palestine fits perfectly the concept of a senseless warfare. The wisdom of classical theorists is no longer relevant in the nuclear stage of mankind.
Influence of Calcium Chloride and pH on the Soluble Complex of Basil Seed and Xanthan Gum with Whey Protein Concentrate
Authors: Sarraf Mozhdeh , Tabasi Sara Naji , Beig-Babaei Adel
Published: May 2021

Soluble Complex of Basil Seed and Xanthan Gum with Whey Protein
Concentrate
Red and blue light treatments of ripening bilberry fruits reveal differences in signaling through ABA regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: Samkumar Amos , Jones Dan , Karppinen Katja , Dare Andrew , Sipari Nina , Espley Richard , Martinussen Inger , Jaakola Laura
Published: May 2021

The biosynthesis of anthocyanins has been shown to be influenced by
light quality. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the
light-mediated regulation of fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis are not well
understood. In this study, we analyzed the effects of supplemental red
and blue light on the anthocyanin biosynthesis in non-climacteric
bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). After six days of continuous
irradiation during fruit ripening, both red and blue light elevated
concentration of total anthocyanins, but especially red light promoted
accumulation of delphinidins. Transcriptomic analysis of ripening
berries showed that both light treatments up-regulated all the major
anthocyanin structural genes, the key regulatory MYB transcription
factors and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthetic genes. However, higher
induction of specific genes of anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis
alongside ABA signal perception and metabolism were found in red light.
The difference in red and blue light signaling was found in NCED, ABA
receptor PYL and catabolic ABA-8’hydroxylase gene expression. Red light
also up-regulated expression of SNARE domain transporters, which may
indicate involvement of these proteins in vesicular trafficking of
anthocyanins during fruit ripening. Our results suggest differential
signal transduction and transport mechanisms between red and blue light
in in ABA- regulated anthocyanin and delphinidin biosynthesis during
non-climacteric fruit ripening.
Myelodysplastic Syndrome with Excess of Blasts - Long Term Partial Remission with Low Dose Prednisone, G-CSF and Epoetin Alfa
Authors: Islam Anwarul
Published: May 2021

We have used low-dose prednisone, in conjunction with granulocyte,
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and erythropoietin, to treat an
elderly patient with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with an excess of
blasts. Our findings indicate that such treatment is safe and may be
effective in the long term survival of patients with high-risk MDS.
Commentary: A Case of the Double Rarities
Authors: mulder michelle , D'Angelo Olivia
Published: May 2021

The authors report an exceptionally rare patient with findings of a
bicuspid aortic valve in conjunction with a mature cystic teratoma in a
middle-aged male presenting for symptomatic chest pain. Surgical
resection and valve replacement were performed, confirming the rare
cardiac tumor. While certainly interesting, this case highlights the
importance of maintaining a broad differential diagnosis and the
appropriate work-up, treatment and considerations for such rare
pathology.
Commentary: The bidirectional Glenn procedure can be useful in palliating late presenting patients with complex congenital heart disease
Authors: Lamberti John
Published: May 2021

The authors successfully utilize the bidirectional Glenn procedure to
palliate late presenting, cyanotic patients with complex congenital
heart disease. Additional information regarding preoperative diagnostic
testing would be helpful. There is little information regarding patient
screening and selection for the procedure. The short term results are
satisfactory, however, mid-term and longer follow-up data is lacking.
The treatment algorithm suggested by the report might be useful in other
settings.
Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Influenza vs. COVID-19 During the First Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Blazoski Cameron , Baram Michael , Hirose Hitoshi
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a refractory
treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to
influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2, also referred to as COVID-19). We conducted this study to
compare the outcomes of influenza patients treated with veno-venous-ECMO
(VV-ECMO) to COVID-19 patients treated with VV-ECMO, during the first
wave of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: Patients in our institution
with ARDS due to COVID-19 or influenza who were placed on ECMO between
August 1, 2010 and September 15, 2020 were included in this comparative,
retrospective study. To improve homogeneity, only VV -ECMO patients were
analyzed. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were extracted and
analyzed. Results: 28 COVID-19 patients and 17 influenza patients were
identified and included. ECMO survival rates were 68% (19/28) in
COVID-19 patients and 94% (16/17) in influenza patients (p=0.04).
30-day survival rates after ECMO decannulation were 54% (15/28) in
COVID-19 patients and 76% (13/17) in influenza patients (p=0.13).
COVID-19 patients spent a longer time on ECMO compared to flu patients
(21 days vs. 12 days, p=0.025), and more COVID-19 patients (26/28 vs.
2/17) were on immunomodulatory therapy prior to ECMO initiation
(p<0.001). COVID-19 patients had higher rates of new
infections during ECMO (50% vs. 18%, p=0.03) and bacterial pneumonia
(36% vs 6%, p=0.024). Conclusions: COVID-19 patients who were treated
in our institution with VV-ECMO had statistically lower ECMO survival
rates than influenza patients. It is possible that COVID-19
immunomodulation therapies may increase the risk of other superimposed
infections.
Patient Outcomes, Cost, and Length of Stay Associated With Biventricular Assist Devices in the United States (2009-2015)
Authors: Ali Hyeon Ju , Ehsan Afshin , Kennedy Kevin , Riley Peter , Seo Angie , Bajaj Navkaranbir , Singh Amitoj , Levine Daniel , Kiernan Michael , Sellke Frank , Yousefzai Rayan
Published: May 2021

Objectives: With recent advances in left ventricular assist device
(LVAD) technology, the utilization of LVADs has increased while
mortality, cost, and length of stay (LOS) have significantly decreased.
This study sought to determine the national trends of surgically
implanted biventricular assist devices (BiVADs). Methods: This is a
retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database
for internal BiVADs (n = 538) and external BiVADs (n = 727) from 2009 to
2015. Results: Utilization of all surgically implanted BiVADs decreased
(4.8% per year, p < 0.001), and was driven by a decline in
utilization of external BiVADs (9.4% per year, p < 0.001).
There was no significant change in BiVAD-associated mortality. However,
cost and LOS increased significantly, and these trends were isolated to
patients who died during their hospitalization. Patients with internal
BiVADs incurred higher cost than external BiVAD patients but were more
likely to survive. Conclusions: The decline in surgically implanted
BiVAD utilization may be due to an improvement in LVAD technology as
well as an increase in the availability of percutaneous temporary
circulatory support. Future prospective studies are needed to compare
various BiVAD configuration strategies and to optimize BiVAD patient
selection and perioperative care.
Leadership as a collective process
Authors: Abson Emma
Published: May 2021

As we have seen in the previous chapters of this book, one of the criticisms of a large section of leadership studies is that they still mostly focus on the role of those in formal leadership positions. The majority of leadership scholars still tend to study leadership from the perspective of the formal leaders, and with the preconception that leadership stems from a single source. This perspective is referred to as an entity-led perspective – viewing leadership through the lens of the behaviour of one person. By taking this entity-led perspective, leadership studies are still very narrow in focus. However, some scholars have begun to recognise the limitations of ‘heroic’ or entity-led leadership studies and have instead turned their focus from leadership as something a leader does, towards conceptualising leadership as an influence process (Langley & Tsoukas, 2017; Northouse, 2017).
Knowledge Management in Event Organisations
Authors: Stadler Raphaela
Published: May 2021

Provides an in-depth understanding of the challenging nature of events, where knowledge needs to be created and shared both pre-event and during the event, as well as stored effectively post-event. Generic KM frameworks and models are introduced, applied and adapted in order for event organisers to avoid ‘reinventing the wheel’ each year.
Appreciative Sharing of Knowledge
Authors: Stadler Raphaela
Published: May 2021

The previous chapters in this book have so far mainly focused on problem-solving approaches to knowledge management within event organisations. It has been argued that there are a lot of knowledge management challenges in event organisations, which need to be overcome in order for the organisation to be successful in the long run. This chapter presents an entirely different approach to knowledge management: it introduces Appreciative Inquiry as an approach to management based on an organisation’s strengths with regards to knowledge management, such as, for example, knowledge creation and knowledge sharing practices that are already working well. Applying the principles of Appreciative Inquiry and Appreciative Sharing of Knowledge, as defined by Cooperrider and Srivastva (1987), Cooperrider and Whitney (1999) and Thatchenkery and Chowdhry (2007), the aim is to utilise the strengths within the organisation, and learn from and further build on these strengths, in order to enhance the organisation’s knowledge management practices and ultimately its success overall. The first two sections of this chapter introduce Appreciative Inquiry and Appreciative Sharing of Knowledge as alternative approaches to knowledge management. They highlight key principles of these and provide examples as to how they can be applied to event organisations. The final section of the chapter more specifically discusses (positive) stories and storytelling within the Appreciative Sharing of Knowledge approach and focuses on how stories of success, achievement, and positive memories can be a useful tool within event organisations to create a shared understanding and knowledge of what the event is about, what it aims to achieve, and how to work together effectively and efficiently. It will be reemphasised that these tacit knowledge practices are invaluable within any organisation, and can provide a competitive advantage in the long term.
Cultural Elements of Knowledge Management
Authors: Stadler Raphaela
Published: May 2021

Organisational culture is, perhaps not surprisingly, by far the most researched topic in relation to knowledge management to date. It is widely argued that an open, collaborative culture enhances knowledge processes, activities and practices, and that this open culture will help organisations be successful in the long-run (see for example, Du Plessis, 2006; Kathiravelu et al., 2014; Intezari et al., 2017). Organisational values, assumptions, and the cultural context shape what employees believe in, their shared understanding of how things are done in the organisation, as well as their shared language. The process of meaning-making through different knowledge practices is therefore largely shaped by organisational culture and embedded in it (Hislop et al., 2018).
Power and Knowledge
Authors: Stadler Raphaela
Published: May 2021

This chapter discusses the links between knowledge and power and aims to demonstrate that, to “manage knowledge implies use of power, in terms of the ability of an organisation to achieve a collective sense of ‘what to do next’ and to exercise authority over the behaviour and communication patterns of internal and external agents – thereby influencing such things as who will interact with whom, on what basis, and to what purpose” (Clegg & Ray, 2003: 23). Power, knowledge, and the ‘rules of the game’ within an organisation (its political system, organisational culture, how things are done) are therefore intertwined; one cannot simply exist without the other. Clegg and Ray (2003: 23) go on to say, “the interaction of power and rules – to enable and constrain legitimate individual and collective actions – simultaneously shapes those actions. Rules shape actions that, in turn, have consequences for the evolution of rules and their interpretation in context.”
Glossary
Authors: Stadler Raphaela
Published: May 2021

Appreciative Inquiry to Tacit knowledge
Structural Elements of Knowledge Management
Authors: Stadler Raphaela
Published: May 2021

As outlined in the previous chapters, knowledge can be practised in many different ways and technology can only to some extent support these activities. There are other structural elements that organisations can put in place though, to support and enhance knowledge practices and knowledge management. This chapter starts with a brief overview of the relationship between human resource management and knowledge management. It has been argued that the two go hand-in-hand and that effective human resource management can positively contribute to creating both a structure and a culture for knowledge management. It will therefore be covered here in relation to organisational structure and then referred back to in Chapter 6, where organisational culture will be further explored. The literature on human resource management is vast and it should be noted that only HR practices that are particularly relevant to the events industry will be covered in depth in this chapter. Based on this introduction to HR and knowledge practices, the second part of the chapter will then explore different hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures that can enhance or inhibit knowledge management, such as top-down, bottom-up and middle-up-down knowledge management, as well as the creation of interdisciplinary teams and pods. While it is necessary to have these organisational structures in place, the structure of an organisation, however, is never fixed, but rather a dynamic constellation of relationships (Küpers, 2005). In terms of the relational and practice-based approach to knowledge management this is important to acknowledge, as it helps to understand the fluid and dynamic environment in which knowledge is practised. The chapter finishes with a discussion of specific knowledge management roles and responsibilities at different levels and for both internal and external stakeholders. These again are important to recognise in any organisation as they shape the way employees think about their roles in relation to knowledge management and therefore how they come to understand certain knowledge practices.
Scouting Interactive Games for Scouts Based on Embodied Interaction Using Embedded System
Authors: Wibowo Iwan Kurnianto , Cahyo Muhammad Andan
Published: May 2021

Scouts is the scouting level after the cub scout aged 11-15 years old. In their age range, they can use logical thinking in the form of physical objects to solve a problem. The development of the Scout Movement has had ups and downs, and recently the number of children interest in scouting activities decreases. The impact is the scouting insight they get isn't optimal. One strategy to solve this problem is by developed forms, tools, and learning media of scouting. Game is one of the learning media that can be used to create effective learning. The educational game is a popular learning media and widely developed by experts, as well as in Indonesia. Unfortunately, in the field of scouting, educational games are less developed. In this research, the author will build an educational scouting game for scouts. In the scouts level, they began to be introduced about communication code, skills, natural recognition, and others. Games created using Embodied Interaction technology. This technology allows users to control the game using body movement. The purpose of this game is to increase the interest and insight of children on Scout activities. From the results of research that has been done, it can be seen that after playing the game, 95,7% of children thought it is exciting, and 87% of them became enthusiastic join scouting activity. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test, scouting insight increased after playing the game with an average percentage of increased insight being 18.7%.
Removing BOD, COD, and Decolorization of Batik Cual Wastewater using Fenton Mechanism
Authors: Gusa Rika Favoria , Sari Diana Novita , Afriani Fitri , Sunanda Wahri , Tiandho Yuant
Published: May 2021

During the production of batik cual, thick-colored wastewater is produced. Unfortunately, the wastewater could damage the environment if it is disposed of without specific processing. The Fenton method is an advanced oxidation process (AOPs) that can degrade organic dyes found in liquid waste. In this research, the researchers studied the Fenton mechanism's application to the batik cual wastewater treatment. The Fenton's reagent used was H2O2 with FeSO4.7H2O. Some of the experimental wastewater treatment parameters were the values of biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), the degradation efficiency of difficult to decompose organic materials, and the color degradation efficiency in batik cual wastewater. The results show that the Fenton mechanism’s efficiency of removing color from batik cual wastewater is up to 97.8%, COD and BOD removal efficiencies are 76.3% and 75.2%, and the degradation efficiency of difficult to decompose organic matter is 76.8%. Also, the researchers found that the higher amounts of FeSO4.7H2O increase the removal parameters effectiveness. Therefore, the Fenton mechanism can effectively improve the quality of wastewater in batik cual production.