bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and resistance to antibacterial agents in Salmonella enterica strains isolated from poultry products in Northern Kazakhstan
Authors: Mendybayeva Anara , Abilova Zulkyya , Bulashev Aitbay , Rychshanova Raushan
Published: March 2023

Background and Aim: Salmonella is one of the main causative agents of foodborne infections. The source of the pathogen, in most cases, is poultry products. The intensification of poultry farming and the constant and uncontrolled use of antimicrobials has led to an increase in the level of antibiotic resistance, especially in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the level of sensitivity to antimicrobial agents in Salmonella enterica strains isolated from poultry products in Northern Kazakhstan, as well as to determine the genetic mechanisms of resistance and the presence of integrons.

Materials and Methods: In total, 398 samples of poultry products sold in Northern Kazakhstan were selected. Salmonella strains were isolated from product samples using microbiological methods. Salmonella was identified based on morphological, biochemical, and serological methods, as well as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sensitivity testing for antimicrobial agents was performed using the disk diffusion method. The detection of resistance genes was performed using PCR and gel electrophoresis.

Results: Out of 398 samples of poultry products, a total of 46 Salmonella isolates were obtained. Most of the isolates belong to the serovar Salmonella Enteritidis (80.4%). The assessment of sensitivity to antibacterial agents showed that Salmonella was mainly resistant to nalidixic acid (63%), furadonin (60.9%), ofloxacin (45.6%), and tetracycline (39.1%). In 64.3% of cases, Salmonella was resistant to three or more groups of antibacterial agents. Resistance genes such as tetA, tetB, blaTEM, aadA, sul3, and catII, as well as integrons of two classes (teg1 and teg2), were identified.

Conclusion: Poultry products contain antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella, as well as genes encoding resistance mechanisms. The results emphasize the need for constant monitoring of not only pathogenic microorganisms but also their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents. The potential threat to human health requires a unified approach to the problem of antibiotic resistance from representatives of both public health and the agroindustrial complex.

Keywords: antibiotic resistance, food safety, poultry, resistance genes, Salmonella.
Synthesis of Pyrope Garnet with High Samarium Content at 5 GPa and 1300 °C
Authors: Lin V.V. , Chepurov A.A. , Zhimulev E.I. , Turkin A.I.
Published: March 2023

In natural garnets associated with diamonds, an increased content of "light" rare-earth elements, especially samarium, is often noticed. There are various estimates of the composition of the crystallization medium. Experimental data on the synthesis of Cr-rich garnets containing rare-earth elements are still scarce. The experiments were carried out on a multi-anvil apparatus of the “split-sphere” type (BARS) at a pressure of 5 GPa and a temperature of 1300 °С. The high pressure cell was made of Zr02 and CaO. A tubular graphite element was used as a heater. The measurement error of pressure and temperature was ± 0.2 GPa and ± 25 °С. The starting materials for the experiments were natural serpentine-antigorite, chromium spinel, and corundum. As a result of the experiments, pyrope crystals with a high content of samarium were synthesized in the range of 0.77 to 2.34 wt% Sm2O3. The study demonstrates that the interaction of components in the serpentine-chromite-corundum-Sm system in the presence of fluid leads to crystallization of pyrope garnet with samarium content exceeding the values known for natural garnets associated with diamond.
Мodulus of Elasticity as a Function of a Process in Hereditary Mechanics
Authors: Рымкевич Павел Павлович , Rymkevich O.V.
Published: March 2023

The article considers the problem of determining the modulus of elasticity for polymer materials. The measurement process of these materials is considerably complex, mainly due to the fact that they comply with the laws of viscoelasticity. The Boltzmann — Volterra method is applied to the consideration of the behavior of a hereditarily elastic body, namely, to synthetic threads. We revealed that the elastic modulus for polymer materials is not a constant value and depends on the frequency of exposure during the deformation of the material. It is particularly noted that the modulus of elasticity is not a function of the state, but a function of the process. In this regard, it is necessary to consider various modes of deformation, namely static, acoustic, and dynamic modes. The Boltzmann heredity principle is utilized to provide a clear understanding of the concepts of static, dynamic, and acoustic modulus of elasticity. Furthermore, the applicability of the Boltzmann equation to dynamic mechanical processes is analyzed using two methods — the hierarchy of relaxation times and the method of linearization. In addition, the concept of the interaction core of static and dynamic parts of deformation is introduced. This concept helps to explain the relationship between the static and dynamic moduli of elasticity and their impact on material properties.
Approaches to Studying Collective Behavior Models in Competitive Markets: Peculiarities and Insights
Authors: Algazina Yu.G. , Algazina D.G.
Published: March 2023

The paper addresses the problem of achieving Nash equilibrium in an oligopoly market where common knowledge is absent. It explores two approaches to study the convergence conditions of the dynamics in a linear oligopoly model with any number of Cournot or Stackelberg reflexive agents.

The first approach utilizes indicator functions to guide agents in adjusting their outputs to reach the optimum under existing competitors' outputs. The second approach uses norms of transition matrices from iteration to iteration in the computational process. The paper presents the authors' research results, including necessary mathematical lemmas and statements, and computational experiments with the models.

The paper emphasizes several important features of the approaches, such as the conditions for individual agent choices that ensure the convergence to equilibrium of collective behavior dynamics for duopoly and any number of agents in the market, the convergence criteria of the dynamics, and the calculation of indicator functions and norms of transition matrices.
Simulation of Varicella Zoster Virus Spread Process
Authors: Kozlov D.Yu. , Kulshin A.V. , Передельская Екатерина Александровна , Safyanova T.V. , Khvorova L.A.
Published: March 2023

The article focuses on the development and implementation of a simulation model that predicts the spread of chickenpox in a population. It addresses issues related to strategic planning and management of vaccination against the Varicella Zoster virus, with a specific focus on the Altai Krai. The article presents the results of economic efficiency calculations for a single vaccination program targeting 6-year-old children.

The simulation model utilizes a computational algorithm to predict the dynamics of the spread of chickenpox. The study examines various types of vaccination programs for children and compares the simulation results with real medical data from the Altai Krai. Statistical data on the incidence of chickenpox is used to inform the model.

The study identifies optimal vaccination parameters and strategies for the Altai Krai through testing the simulation model. The model is implemented using Python programming language and graphically visualizes the virus's spread for different types of vaccination programs and in the absence of vaccination.
Gravity’s Impact on Flow Patterns in Liquid-Gas Systems with Mass Transfer Considerations
Authors: Makarov E.E.
Published: March 2023

This paper investigates bilayer flows of liquid and cocurrent gas in an inclined channel with considerations for heat and mass transfer at the thermocapillary interface, which remains undeformable. The mathematical modeling is based on exact solutions of the special Ostroumov — Birikh type of Navier — Stokes equations in the Oberbek — Boussinesq approximation, accounting for the effect of thermodiffusion and diffusive thermal conductivity effect in the gas-vapor layer. Vapor in the gas is assumed to be a passive admixture that does not affect the properties of the gas. The paper considers the case with the vapor concentration function satisfying the condition of zero vapor flux on the upper wall of the channel. The working system chosen for this study is <>, for which the paper provides examples of velocity profiles, temperature, and vapor concentration distribution in the upper layer. The study analyzes the effect of gravitational influence on the flow pattern and the value of the mass flow rate. The paper presents results for cases when the condition of closed liquid flow is fulfilled, at a negative value of the parameter determining the longitudinal temperature gradient, and at a given value of the gas flow rate.
Multidimensional Data Analysis of Social and Economic Development in Russian Federation Regions
Authors: Yudintsev A.Yu. , Troshkina G.N.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we examine the social and economic development level of the Russian Federation regions in 2021 using data from the Federal State Statistics Service. We employ multidimensional data analysis techniques to reduce the non-orthogonal variables via factor analysis to a small, orthogonal factor space, determine the optimal number of clusters via tree classification, and perform cluster analysis in the factor space. We calculate the position of the regions in the factor space, determine the location, composition, and statistical characteristics of clusters, and compute the volumes and densities of clusters. We identify the densest clusters, including those with close proximity and regions with significant variations from the average level of social and economic development. The study utilizes machine and graphical methods of computational mathematics and has both theoretical and practical implications.
représentations initiales des élèves et le processus de problématisation en classe de sciences
Authors: Evrard Thierry , Plumat Jim
Published: March 2023

Si l’enseignement des sciences reste complexe, voire difficile, pour les enseignants du fait de l’omniprésence des conceptions premières des élèves, véritables scories dans le processus pédagogique, l’apprentissage est également pénible pour les élèves pour qui les sciences ne font pas ou plus nécessairement sens. Il faut reconnaître que la plupart du temps, les élèves ne sont pas associés à certains processus de construction des sciences comme la modélisation ou la conceptualisation, pourtant essentiels pour assurer de la compréhension. La démarche d’investigation, et plus particulièrement la problématisation pourrait dès lors constituer une alternative intéressante du fait qu’elle incite les élèves à participer d’emblée à la dimension épistémologique des sciences en développant chez eux des compétences transversales importantes comme l’argumentation. Si la problématisation en classe de sciences se révèle être une ingénierie méthodologique motivante pour les élèves, elle apparaît également exigeante pour l’enseignant.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A POWER CABLE CURRENT-CONDUCTING CORE HEATING TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ELECTROTHERMAL PROCESSES IN CABLE LINE DIGITAL TWINS
Authors:   South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia, Kolesnikov I.E. , Gorshkov K.E. , Korzhov A.V.
Published: March 2023

This article deals with the implementation of diagnostics and monitoring of the current-conducting part and insulation state of high-voltage cable lines in real time using digital twins. The problems of thermal accounting and the fea-tures of modeling electrothermal heating processes in power cables are determined. A mathematical electrothermal model of a power cable for a cable line digital twin is proposed, based on the decomposition of its dynamic thermal resistance in-to the sum of exponential components, which makes it possible to calculate the instantaneous values of the heating temper-ature of a current-conducting cable core in real time with insignificant amounts of calculations on the discretization interval of the calculation. The results of calculation using the heating temperature model for a single-core power cable with a three-phase short circuit in the network are presented.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF HEATING AN ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR WITH A SQUIRREL-CAGE ROTOR BASED ON AN EQUIVALENT THERMAL CIRCUIT
Authors: Valiullin K.R. , Tushev S.I.
Published: March 2023

The largest share of failures of asynchronous motors in industry is associated with overheating of the stator winding insulation as a result of improper operation of the equipment. In this paper, methods of mathematical modeling of thermal processes of an asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor are applied to assess the thermal state of the elements of the electric motor design. The simulation is based on the method of equivalent thermal circuits for stationary heating. The mathematical model consisting of 10 main units of the electric machine is taken as a basis. The aim of the paper is to experimentally test the adequacy of the proposed mathematical model and evaluate the possibi­lity of its application for diagnosing the state of the electric motor by measuring the stator current without using built-in sensors. The simulation results were verified experimentally using thermal imaging equipment. Based on the results of comparing the mathematical model and experimental data, it was concluded that the proposed model can be used to study the thermal regimes of an asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor.
Wasyl Stefanyk i Stanisław Przybyszewski: na skrzyżowaniu dróg życiowych i twórczych
Authors: Jaremczuk Anastazja
Published: March 2023

Artykuł poświęcony jest komparatystycznemu badaniu wybranych aspektów życia i twórczości dwóch słynnych pisarzy okresu modernizmu: ukraińskiego nowelisty Wasyla Stefanyka i polskiego poety, prozaika oraz dramaturga Stanisława Przybyszewskiego. Autorka próbuje odnaleźć cechy wspólne w biografii, światopoglądzie i aktywności twórczej obu pisarzy. Łącząca tych artystów przyjaźń dotyczy okresu krakowskiego. Stefanyk przez dziewięć lat studiował w Krakowie, natomiast Przybyszewski właśnie w tym czasie zostaje jednym z liderów ruchu artystycznego Młodej Polski. Dowiedziono, iż Przybyszewski wywarł znaczny wpływ na aktywność literacką ukraińskiego nowelisty w zakresie światopoglądu, a także psychologii twórczości.
A non-geodesic analogue of Reshetnyak’s majorization theorem
Authors: Toyoda Tetsu
Published: March 2023

For any real number

κ

\kappa

and any integer

n
≥
4

n\ge 4

, the

Cycl

n

(

κ

)

{{\rm{Cycl}}}_{n}\left(\kappa )

condition introduced by Gromov (CAT(κ)-spaces: construction and concentration, Zap. Nauchn. Sem. S.-Peterburg. Otdel. Mat. Inst. Steklov. (POMI) 280 (2001), (Geom. i Topol. 7), 100–140, 299–300) is a necessary condition for a metric space to admit an isometric embedding into a

CAT

(

κ

)

{\rm{CAT}}\left(\kappa )

space. For geodesic metric spaces, satisfying the

Cycl

4

(

κ

)

{{\rm{Cycl}}}_{4}\left(\kappa )

condition is equivalent to being

CAT

(

κ

)

{\rm{CAT}}\left(\kappa )

. In this article, we prove an analogue of Reshetnyak’s majorization theorem for (possibly non-geodesic) metric spaces that satisfy the

Cycl

4

(

κ

)

{{\rm{Cycl}}}_{4}\left(\kappa )

condition. It follows from our result that for general metric spaces, the

Cycl

4

(

κ

)

{{\rm{Cycl}}}_{4}\left(\kappa )

condition implies the

Cycl

n

(

κ

)

{{\rm{Cycl}}}_{n}\left(\kappa )

conditions for all integers

n
≥
5

n\ge 5

.
Seeing the wood for the trees: predictive margins for random forests
Authors: Sönning Lukas , Grafmiller Jason
Published: March 2023

Classification trees and random forests offer a number of attractive features to corpus data analysts. However, the way in which these models are typically reported – a decision tree and/or set of variable importance scores – offers insufficient information if interest centers on the (form of) relationship between (multiple) predictors and the outcome. This paper develops predictive margins as an interpretative approach to ensemble techniques such as random forests. These are model summaries in the form of adjusted predictions, which provide a clearer picture of patterns in the data and allow us to query a model on potential nonlinear associations and interactions among predictor variables. The present paper outlines the general strategy for forming predictive margins and addresses methodological issues from an explicitly (corpus) linguistic perspective. For illustration, we use data on the English genitive alternation and provide an R package and code for their implementation.
Guaranteed Lower Eigenvalue Bounds for Steklov Operators Using Conforming Finite Element Methods
Authors: Nakano Taiga , Li Qin , Yue Meiling , Liu Xuefeng
Published: March 2023

For the eigenvalue problem of the Steklov differential operator, an algorithm based on the conforming finite element method (FEM) is proposed to provide guaranteed lower bounds for the eigenvalues.
The proposed lower eigenvalue bounds utilize the a priori error estimation for FEM solutions to non-homogeneous Neumann boundary value problems,
which is obtained by constructing the hypercircle for the corresponding FEM spaces and boundary conditions.
Numerical examples demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed method.
The asymptotic behaviors of solutions for higher-order (m
1, m
2)-coupled Kirchhoff models with nonlinear strong damping
Authors: Lv Penghui , Lin Guoguang , Lv Xiaojun
Published: March 2023

The Kirchhoff model is derived from the vibration problem of stretchable strings. This article focuses on the long-time dynamics of a class of higher-order coupled Kirchhoff systems with nonlinear strong damping. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions of these equations in different spaces are proved by prior estimation and the Faedo-Galerkin method. Subsequently, the family of global attractors of these problems is proved using the compactness theorem. In this article, we systematically propose the definition and proof process of the family of global attractors and enrich the related conclusions of higher-order coupled Kirchhoff models. The conclusions lay a theoretical foundation for future practical applications.
On Busemann–Feller extensions of translation invariant density differentiation bases
Authors: Japaridze Irakli
Published: March 2023

It is known that a translation invariant density differentiation basis B formed of convex sets and its Busemann–Feller extension

B
BF

{B_{\operatorname{BF}}}

have similar properties, in particular, the Busemann–Feller extension differentiates the same class of non-negative functions as the basis B. We prove the optimality of the convexity condition in this result.
Some new characterizations of EP elements, partial isometries and strongly EP elements in rings with involution
Authors: Hu Tangjie , Li Jiaqi , Wang Qiuyu , Wei Junchao
Published: March 2023

This paper mainly gives some sufficient and necessary conditions for an element in a ring to be

EP

{\mathrm{EP}}

, partial isometry and strongly

EP

{\mathrm{EP}}

by some equalities, using the solutions of certain equations and constructing the invertible elements in a ring.
Risk factors for shunting at 12 months following open fetal repair of spina bifida by mini-hysterotomy
Authors: Neves da Rocha Luana Sarmento , Bunduki Victor , Cardeal Daniel Dante , de Amorim Filho Antônio Gomes , Nani Fernando Souza , Peres Stela Verzinhasse , de Carvalho Werther Brunow , de Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , de Carvalho Mário Henrique Burlacchini
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Open spina bifida (OSB) is the most common neural tube defect. Prenatal repair reduces the need for ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) due to hydrocephalus from 80–90% to 40–50%. We aimed to determine which variables work as risk factors for VPS at 12 months of age in our population.

Methods

Thirty-nine patients underwent prenatal repair of OSB by mini-hysterotomy. The main outcome was occurrence of VPS in the first 12 months of life. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (OR) between prenatal variables and the need for shunting.

Results

VPS at 12 months occurred in 34.2% of the children. Larger ventricle size before surgery (62.5% ≥15 mm; 46.2% between 12 and 15 mm; 11.8% <12 mm; p=0.008), higher lesion level (80% >L2, vs. 17.9% ≤L3; p=0.002; OR, 18.4 [2.96–114.30]), and later gestational age at surgery (25.25 ± 1.18 vs. 24.37 ± 1.06 weeks; p=0.036; OR, 2.23 [1.05–4.74]) were related to increased need for shunting. In the multivariate analysis, larger ventricle size before surgery (≥15 mm vs. <12 mm; p=0.046; OR, 1.35 [1.01–1.82]) and higher lesion level (>L2 vs. ≤L3; p=0.004; OR, 39.52 [3.25–480.69]) were risk factors for shunting.

Conclusions

Larger ventricle size before surgery (≥15 mm) and higher lesion level (>L2) are independent risk factors for VPS at 12 months of age in fetuses undergoing prenatal repair of OSB by mini-hysterotomy in the studied population.
A systematic review and critical evaluation of quality of clinical practice guidelines on fetal growth restriction
Authors: Alameddine Sara , Capannolo Giulia , Rizzo Giuseppe , Khalil Asma , Di Girolamo Raffaella , Iacovella Carlotta , Liberati Marco , Patrizi Lodovico , Acharya Ganesh , Odibo Anthony O , D’Antonio Francesco
Published: March 2023

Introduction

To systematically identify and critically assess the quality of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on management fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Content

Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, Scopus and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify all relevant CPGs on FGR.

Diagnostic criteria of FGR, recommended growth charts, recommendation for detailed anatomical assessment and invasive testing, frequency of fetal growth scans, fetal monitoring, hospital admission, drugs administrations, timing at delivery, induction of labor, postnatal assessment and placental histopathological were assessed. Quality assessment was evaluated by AGREE II tool. Twelve CPGs were included. Twenty-five percent (3/12) of CPS adopted the recently published Delphi consensus, 58.3% (7/12) an estimated fetal weight (EFW)/abdominal circumference (AC) EFW/AC <10th percentile, 8.3% (1/12) an EFW/AC <5th percentile while one CPG defined FGR as an arrest of growth or a shift in its rate measured longitudinally. Fifty percent (6/12) of CPGs recommended the use of customized growth charts to assess fetal growth. Regarding the frequency of Doppler assessment, in case of absent or reversed end-diastolic flow in the umbilical artery 8.3% (1/12) CPGs recommended assessment every 24–48, 16.7% (2/12) every 48–72 h, 1 CPG generically recommended assessment 1–2 times per week, while 25 (3/12) did not specifically report the frequency of assessment. Only 3 CPGs reported recommendation on the type of Induction of Labor to adopt. The AGREE II standardized domain scores for the first overall assessment (OA1) had a mean of 50%.

Outlook

There is significant heterogeneity in the management of pregnancies complicated by FGR in published CPGs.
Voltage Lifts of Graphs from a Category Theory Viewpoint
Authors: Jenča Gejza
Published: March 2023

We prove that the notion of a voltage graph lift comes from an adjunction between the category of voltage graphs and the category of group labeled graphs.
Hardy-Leindler Type Inequalities for Multiple Integrals on Time Scales
Authors: Nosheen Ammara , Awan Khalid Mahmood , Khan Khuram Ali , Ahmad Hijaz , Qadeer Atia Tul
Published: March 2023

Hardy-Leindler type inequalities and their converses for multiple integrals on time scales are proved by using Fubini’s theorem and induction principle. Some generalized versions of Hardy, Wirtinger and Leindler inequalities in both continuous and discrete cases are also derived in seek of applications.
Evaluation of Norm of (p, q)-Bernstein Operators
Authors: Khan Nabiullah , Saif Mohd , Usman Talha
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we aim to study about the estimation of norm of (p, q)-Bernstein operators

B

p
,
q

n

$\mathcal{B}_{p,q}^{n}$

in C[0,1] for the case q > p > 1 by applying (p, q)-calculus and divided difference analogue of (p, q)-Bernstein operators. Some basic theorem and related results are also discussed in this paper. Here, the extra parameter p shows more flexibility by choosing the value of p.
Monocular depth sensing using metalens
Authors: Yang Fan , Lin Hung-I , Chen Peng , Hu Juejun , Gu Tian
Published: March 2023

3-D depth sensing is essential for many applications ranging from consumer electronics to robotics. Passive depth sensing techniques based on a double-helix (DH) point-spread-function (PSF) feature high depth estimation precision, minimal power consumption, and reduced system complexity compared to active sensing methods. Here, we propose and experimentally implemented a polarization-multiplexed DH metalens designed using an autonomous direct search algorithm, which utilizes two contra-rotating DH PSFs encoded in orthogonal polarization states to enable monocular depth perception. Using a reconstruction algorithm that we developed, concurrent depth calculation and scene reconstruction with minimum distortion and high resolution in all three dimensions were demonstrated.
Breakfast habits and knowledge: Study involving participants from Brazil and Portugal
Authors: Guiné Raquel P. F. , Gonçalves Carolina , Carpes Solange Teresinha , Vieira Viviane Laudelino , Florença Sofia G. , Gonçalves João Carlos , Anjos Ofélia
Published: March 2023

Breakfast has been considered one of the most important meals of the day. While breakfast habits and their consequences on children’s health and performance are well documented, studies on the adult population are still lacking. The aim of this study is to observe the breakfast consumption habits of Portuguese and Brazilian adults to understand the importance attributed to this meal, which leads people to have breakfast or to skip it, and also what types of food are consumed. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was carried out in both countries, and the data were collected through the internet. A convenience sample consisting of 694 participants (380 from Brazil and 314 from Portugal) were used in this study, all were adults who gave informed consent to participate in the research. The results showed that the majority of participants consumed breakfast every day (74.4% in Brazil and 78.3% in Portugal), and they did it at home (94.4 and 94.3% for Brazilians and Portuguese, respectively). The results also showed that the reasons for consuming breakfast and skipping it are very similar in both countries. People say they do not have breakfast because they do not want to eat in the morning or they do not have time. The reasons to always have breakfast include providing energy, satiety from night fasting, preventing hunger until lunch, because they like it, or simply because it is a habit. The level of knowledge was slightly higher among Portuguese than Brazilian participants and was found to vary according to the habits of having breakfast or skipping it and also according to country, sex, BMI class, and school level. In conclusion, breakfast habits were found to be very similar in both countries’, but the knowledge was higher among the Portuguese than the Brazilian participants. Breakfast is linked to a healthy lifestyle, and individuals’ behaviours and beliefs must be taken into account to promote health and well-being, thus diminishing the burden of noncommunicable diseases related to improper eating habits and dietary patterns.
Semistrukturierte Interviews mit jüdisch-deutschen Ärztinnen und Ärzten über Verlust, Trauer und ärztliche Trauerbegleitung
Authors: Tschebiner David
Published: March 2023

Fragestellung: Vorliegende Studie beschäftigt sich mit der Trauerbegleitungspraxis sechs jüdisch-deutscher Ärztinnen und Ärzte, ihren Perspektiven auf Verlust, Trauer und ärztliche Trauerbegleitung sowie der Frage, inwiefern ihre Biografie und ihre Religiosität/Spiritualität (R/S) diese formen.

Methode: Hierzu wurden semistrukturierte Interviews geführt und mittels einer adaptierten Version der Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Philipp Mayring ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse: Die Intensität und Komplexität des trauerbegleitenden Kontaktes hängt u. a. vom Belastungspotenzial des Verlusts, der persönlichen Identifikation mit den Betreuten sowie der gegenseitigen Sympathie ab.

Inhaltlich finden sich „klassisch ärztliche“ Verhaltensweisen (z. B. Medikation, Überweisung); die Respondenten beleuchten jedoch auch schulmedizinisch wenig beachtete interaktionelle Phänomene (z. B. „Mitgefühl“, „für jemanden da sein“) und erörtern u. a. den vieldeutigen Trauerbegriff sowie das Spannungsfeld zwischen Professionalität und emotionaler Intimität im Kontakt.

Als einflussnehmend auf ihre Trauerbegleitung beschreiben die Respondenten private und berufliche Trauererfahrungen, die Auseinandersetzung mit Religionsethik (z. B.  in Bezug auf Ideen der Nächstenliebe und des Leids) sowie Auswirkungen der jüdischen Verfolgungsgeschichte auf ihre subjektive Lebenswelt. Über den Einfluss ihrer selbstbeurteilten R/S erlauben die Studienergebnisse keine verlässliche Aussage.

Diskussion: Vorliegende Untersuchung sensibilisiert für zwischenmenschliche Konflikte, Rollenbilder sowie Bedürfnisse innerhalb der Beziehung zwischen Ärzten und Trauernden und zeigt auf, wie der Zugang zur eigenen Trauerbegleitungspraxis geformt wird bzw. wie diese aussehen kann. Damit bietet sie einen Ansatz zur aktiven Definition und Entwicklung der eigenen ärztlich-trauerbegleitenden Funktion.
DrosophilaTachykininergic Neurons Modulate the Activity of Two Groups of Receptor-Expressing Neurons to Regulate Aggressive Tone
Authors: Wohl Margot P. , Liu Jett , Asahina Kenta
Published: March 2023

Neuropeptides influence animal behaviors through complex molecular and cellular mechanisms, the physiological and behavioral effects of which are difficult to predict solely from synaptic connectivity. Many neuropeptides can activate multiple receptors, whose ligand affinity and downstream signaling cascades are often different from one another. Although we know that the diverse pharmacological characteristics of neuropeptide receptors form the basis of unique neuromodulatory effects on distinct downstream cells, it remains unclear exactly how different receptors shape the downstream activity patterns triggered by a single neuronal neuropeptide source. Here, we uncovered two separate downstream targets that are differentially modulated by tachykinin, an aggression-promoting neuropeptide inDrosophila. Tachykinin from a single male-specific neuronal type recruits two separate downstream groups of neurons. One downstream group, synaptically connected to the tachykinergic neurons, expresses the receptorTkR86Cand is necessary for aggression. Here, tachykinin supports cholinergic excitatory synaptic transmission between the tachykinergic andTkR86Cdownstream neurons. The other downstream group expresses theTkR99Dreceptor and is recruited primarily when tachykinin is overexpressed in the source neurons. Differential activity patterns in the two groups of downstream neurons correlate with levels of male aggression triggered by the tachykininergic neurons. These findings highlight how the amount of neuropeptide released from a small number of neurons can reshape the activity patterns of multiple downstream neuronal populations. Our results lay the foundation for further investigations into the neurophysiological mechanism by which a neuropeptide controls complex behaviors.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropeptides control a variety of innate behaviors, including social behaviors, in both animals and humans. Unlike fast-acting neurotransmitters, neuropeptides can elicit distinct physiological responses in different downstream neurons. How such diverse physiological effects coordinate complex social interactions remains unknown. This study uncovers the firstin vivoexample of a neuropeptisde from a single neuronal source eliciting distinct physiological responses in multiple downstream neurons that express different neuropeptide receptors. Understanding the unique motif of neuropeptidergic modulation, which may not be easily predicted from a synaptic connectivity map, can help elucidate how neuropeptides orchestrate complex behaviors by modulating multiple target neurons simultaneously.
Changes in Resting State Functional Connectivity Associated with Dynamic Adaptation of Wrist Movements
Authors: Farrens Andria J. , Vahdat Shahabeddin , Sergi Fabrizio
Published: March 2023

Dynamic adaptation is an error-driven process of adjusting planned motor actions to changes in task dynamics (Shadmehr, 2017). Adapted motor plans are consolidated into memories that contribute to better performance on re-exposure. Consolidation begins within 15 min following training (Criscimagna-Hemminger and Shadmehr, 2008), and can be measured via changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC). For dynamic adaptation, rsFC has not been quantified on this timescale, nor has its relationship to adaptative behavior been established. We used a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible robot, the MR-SoftWrist (Erwin et al., 2017), to quantify rsFC specific to dynamic adaptation of wrist movements and subsequent memory formation in a mixed-sex cohort of human participants. We acquired fMRI during a motor execution and a dynamic adaptation task to localize brain networks of interest, and quantified rsFC within these networks in three 10-min windows occurring immediately before and after each task. The next day, we assessed behavioral retention. We used a mixed model of rsFC measured in each time window to identify changes in rsFC with task performance, and linear regression to identify the relationship between rsFC and behavior. Following the dynamic adaptation task, rsFC increased within the cortico-cerebellar network and decreased interhemispherically within the cortical sensorimotor network. Increases within the cortico-cerebellar network were specific to dynamic adaptation, as they were associated with behavioral measures of adaptation and retention, indicating that this network has a functional role in consolidation. Instead, decreases in rsFC within the cortical sensorimotor network were associated with motor control processes independent from adaptation and retention.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMotor memory consolidation processes have been studied via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) by analyzing changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) occurring more than 30 min after adaptation. However, it is unknown whether consolidation processes are detectable immediately (<15 min) following dynamic adaptation. We used an fMRI-compatible wrist robot to localize brain regions involved in dynamic adaptation in the cortico-thalamic-cerebellar (CTC) and cortical sensorimotor networks and quantified changes in rsFC within each network immediately after adaptation. Different patterns of change in rsFC were observed compared with studies conducted at longer latencies. Increases in rsFC in the cortico-cerebellar network were specific to adaptation and retention, while interhemispheric decreases in the cortical sensorimotor network were associated with alternate motor control processes but not with memory formation.
Goal Choices Modify Frontotemporal Memory Representations
Authors: Srinivasan Aditya , Riceberg Justin S. , Goodman Michael R. , Srinivasan Arvind , Guise Kevin G. , Shapiro Matthew L.
Published: March 2023

Adapting flexibly to changing circumstances is guided by memory of past choices, their outcomes in similar circumstances, and a method for choosing among potential actions. The hippocampus (HPC) is needed to remember episodes, and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) helps guide memory retrieval. Single-unit activity in the HPC and PFC correlates with such cognitive functions. Previous work recorded CA1 and mPFC activity as male rats performed a spatial reversal task in a plus maze that requires both structures, found that PFC activity helps reactivate HPC representations of pending goal choices but did not describe frontotemporal interactions after choices. We describe these interactions after choices here. CA1 activity tracked both current goal location and the past starting location of single trials; PFC activity tracked current goal location better than past start location. CA1 and PFC reciprocally modulated representations of each other both before and after goal choices. After choices, CA1 activity predicted changes in PFC activity in subsequent trials, and the magnitude of this prediction correlated with faster learning. In contrast, PFC start arm activity more strongly modulated CA1 activity after choices correlated with slower learning. Together, the results suggest post-choice HPC activity conveys retrospective signals to the PFC, which combines different paths to common goals into rules. In subsequent trials, prechoice mPFC activity modulates prospective CA1 signals informing goal selection.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHPC and PFC activity supports cognitive flexibility in changing circumstances. HPC signals represent behavioral episodes that link the start, choice, and goal of paths. PFC signals represent rules that guide goal-directed actions. Although prior studies described HPC–PFC interactions preceding decisions in the plus maze, post-decision interactions were not investigated. Here, we show post-choice HPC and PFC activity distinguished the start and goal of paths, and CA1 signaled the past start of each trial more accurately than mPFC. Postchoice CA1 activity modulated subsequent PFC activity, so rewarded actions were more likely to occur. Together, the results show that in changing circumstances, HPC retrospective codes modulate subsequent PFC coding, which in turn modulates HPC prospective codes that predict choices.
Microglial Cytokines Mediate Plasticity Induced by 10 Hz Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Eichler Amelie , Kleidonas Dimitrios , Turi Zsolt , Fliegauf Maximilian , Kirsch Matthias , Pfeifer Dietmar , Masuda Takahiro , Prinz Marco , Lenz Maximilian , Vlachos Andreas
Published: March 2023

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, sense the activity of neurons and regulate physiological brain functions. They have been implicated in the pathology of brain diseases associated with alterations in neural excitability and plasticity. However, experimental and therapeutic approaches that modulate microglia function in a brain region-specific manner have not been established. In this study, we tested for the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a clinically used noninvasive brain stimulation technique, on microglia-mediated synaptic plasticity; 10 Hz electromagnetic stimulation triggered a release of plasticity-promoting cytokines from microglia in mouse organotypic brain tissue cultures of both sexes, while no significant changes in microglial morphology or microglia dynamics were observed. Indeed, substitution of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin 6 (IL6) preserved synaptic plasticity induced by 10 Hz stimulation in the absence of microglia. Consistent with these findings,in vivodepletion of microglia abolished rTMS-induced changes in neurotransmission in the mPFC of anesthetized mice of both sexes. We conclude that rTMS affects neural excitability and plasticity by modulating the release of cytokines from microglia.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that induces cortical plasticity. Despite its wide use in neuroscience and clinical practice (e.g., depression treatment), the cellular and molecular mechanisms of rTMS-mediated plasticity remain not well understood. Herein, we report an important role of microglia and plasticity-promoting cytokines in synaptic plasticity induced by 10 Hz rTMS in organotypic slice cultures and anesthetized mice, thereby identifying microglia-mediated synaptic adaptation as a target of rTMS-based interventions.
Using the Discovery of Penicillin Resistance to Teach Nature of Science & Natural Selection
Authors: Lenning Elizabeth , Rudge David
Published: March 2023

The discovery of and research into penicillin resistance by Sir Edward Abraham and Sir Ernst Chain can be used to teach the concept of natural selection and also multiple nature of science (NOS) objectives associated with Next Generation Science Standards, such as “scientific knowledge is based on empirical evidence” and “science is a human endeavor.” After a brief history of Abraham and Chain’s work, we share a detailed multiday lesson plan and rationale for use in an eighth-grade in-person life science classroom. The instructional strategies discussed include analysis of excerpts of Abraham and Chain’s published work through a case study jigsaw using an explicit and reflective approach to teaching NOS. The explicit approach used here is the direct instruction of NOS concepts, while the reflective approach allows students to think about and reflect on what they are learning. Instruction includes close reading, direct instruction, small and large group discussions, and writing. Students are asked to create a scavenger hunt map at the end of the multiday lesson and are assessed with an online five-question pre- and post-assessment.
Using Pipe Cleaners to Bring Proteins to Life
Authors: Johnson Sara L. , Bucklin Carrie Jo
Published: March 2023

Proteins are challenging molecules for students to understand, consisting of multiple components interacting in a variety of ways. As instructors, we have observed this information is hard for students to process, both when learning about proteins initially in introductory classes, and when learning about specific details in upper-level courses. This pipe cleaner activity is designed for use in any science class that teaches protein folding, from upper-level high school through upper-level college courses. Pipe cleaners are a simple, familiar, and cost-effective manipulative model that can be used in multiple class types.
“Los Frikis”
Authors: Torre Pérez Carmen
Published: March 2023

This article examines the culturally complex context of the 1980s in Cuba through the little-known figure of the frikis, an underground culture linked to rock and metal music that flourished at a time of growing discontent with the country’s political regime. The revolutionary government marginalized frikis because of their interest in Anglo-American culture and because their social and aesthetic practices did not align with their vision of the ideal revolutionary citizen. Frikis were officially considered social parasites, hedonistic and indifferent in their attitude towards mainstream society, but their behavior and practices were, more than just parasitic or careless, rather thoughtful choices. They built their scene as a social alternative to the establishment that would allow them to express socio-political and cultural interests different from those stipulated by the government, and their rise in the 1980s can be seen as an early manifestation of the post-socialist subjectivities that would develop after the Soviet Bloc collapsed. Through the analysis of ethnographic interviews and short stories, this article explores the creative strategies frikis used to build a shared identity, protest, and survive in the face of State repression, becoming socio-cultural antecedents for other underground cultures, such as punk, which would flourish in a post-Soviet context.
The Influence of Teacher Gender on Student Human Capital Development: An Empirical Study Based on Data from China Education Panel Survey
Authors: Liang Wenyan
Published: March 2023

Based on data from China Education Panel Survey, this article examined the impact of teacher gender on student human capital development at the junior secondary education level. The research findings showed that female teachers were more capable of promoting cognitive and non-cognitive ability development of both girl and boy students than their male counterparts; and that student cognitive and non-cognitive performance was significantly and negatively related to the increase in the percentages of male teachers in the class and school.
A Mixed-Methods Study of Secondary Student and Teacher Attitudes to Mobile Education Apps in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Krochinak Sarah , Cui Sunny , Ajayi Babatunde , Egonu Remare , Kim Esther
Published: March 2023

With the advent of smartphones, laptops, and other various portable devices, the ability to incorporate technology into the classroom has increased dramatically in the last few decades. This study evaluates the perceptions and attitudes of both students and teachers in relation to mobile apps that assist in classroom learning. The research used a mixed-methods approach that collected demographic information and conducted qualitative interviews to determine the perceptions of mobile apps to students and teachers. Cross-sectional data was collected from participants and analyzed for associations. 43 students and 6 teachers were recruited and interviewed. The participants were asked about their thoughts on mobile educational apps, and their interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. For students, themes were centered on barriers to educational app adoption, barriers to continued use of education apps, tracking progress, credibility, and goal setting/reminders. For teachers, themes identified that influenced mobile app use, and criteria used for mobile app selection was identified. Future research should aim to assess quantitative improvements in mobile educational app use within the classroom.
La República en la escena teatral a partir de 1975
Authors: Fernández Cordero Carolina
Published: March 2023

El presente trabajo explora la relación entre la Segunda República y la escena teatral posfranquista. Para ello traza un recorrido histórico que va desde finales de los 70 hasta la actualidad y repasa las diferentes maneras en que se ha configurado el imaginario de la Segunda República en la escena, dedicando especial atención a El camarada oscuro, de Alfonso Sastre, y Anarchia 36, de Jerónimo López Mozo.Palabras clave: Teatro, Alfonso Sastre, López Mozo, imaginario republicano.Abstract: This article explores the relationship between The Second Spanish Republic and the theater after Franco’s death. It draws a historical overview from the last 70s to the present, revisiting the republican imaginary, with a special focus on El camarada oscuro, by Alfonso Sastre, and Anarchia 36, by Jerónimo López Mozo.Key words: Theater, Alfonso Sastre, López Mozo, Republican imaginary.
La literatura de Luisa Carnés durante la Segunda República: Tea rooms
Authors: Arias Careaga Raquel
Published: March 2023

La novela que publicó Luisa Carnés en 1934, Tea rooms. Mujeres obreras, es uno de los textos literarios más interesantes del momento. Su reflexión sobre la posición de la mujer en el mundo del trabajo en la España de la época, la modernidad de su estilo, estructura, voz narrativa e innovación literaria convierten este texto en un referente obligado del surgimiento de una cultura realmente nueva en los años 30 del siglo pasado. Todo ello enmarcado, además, en un intenso compromiso con la realidad histórica del momento.Palabras clave: trabajo, mujer obrera, Segunda República, innovación estilística.Abstract: In 1934 Luisa Carnés edited one of the most interesting novels in that moment: Tea rooms. Mujeres obreras. Her opinion about woman’s position in the labor world in Spain, the modernism of her text and her style, structure, narrative voice, and literary innovation become this novel in a necessary referent to talk about an authentic new culture during the 30’ in XX century. And all of this aspects hardly joined in a compromise with historic reality.Key words: job, women’s work, Second Spanish Republic, stylistic innovation