bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrevista a Jayati Ghosh
Authors: Ghosh Jayati
Published: June 2021

Jayati Ghosh enseñó economía en la Universidad Jawaharlal Nehru de Nueva Delhi durante casi 35 años. En enero de 2021 se incorporó a la Universidad de Massachusetts Amherst. Es autora y/o editora de 19 libros, entre ellos Never Done and Poorly Paid: Women's Work in Globalising India (2009); el coeditado Elgar Handbook of Alternative Theories of Economic Development (2014); Demonetisation Decoded (2017), y Women Workers in the Informal Economy (de próxima publicación) y casi 200 artículos académicos. Ha recibido varios premios, entre ellos por sus distinguidas contribuciones a las ciencias sociales en la India en 2015; el Premio de Investigación sobre Trabajo Decente de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo en 2010; el Premio NordSud de Ciencias Sociales 2010, Italia. Ha asesorado a gobiernos de la India y de otros países, por ejemplo, como Presidenta de la Comisión de Andhra Pradesh sobre el Bienestar de los Agricultores en 2004, y miembro de la Comisión Nacional del Conocimiento de la India (2005-09). Es la Secretaria Ejecutiva de International Development Economics Associates (IDEAS), una red internacional de economistas del desarrollo heterodoxos. Ha sido consultora de organizaciones internacionales como la OIT, el PNUD, la UNCTAD, UN-DESA, UNRISD y ONU Mujeres, y es miembro de varias comisiones internacionales, como la Comisión Internacional para la Reforma de la Fiscalidad Corporativa Internacional (ICRICT) y la Comisión para la Transformación Económica Global de INET.
Entrevista a Alicia Girón
Authors: Girón Alicia
Published: June 2021

Alicia Girón es una economista mexicana, doctora en Estudios Latinoamericanos por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Sus principales líneas de investigación son economía financiera, particularmente relacionadas con los ciclos económicos, crisis financieras, deudas soberanas y sistemas financieros. Es integrante del Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas (IIEc) de su alma mater, instituto que dirigió entre 1994 y 2002. Desde 2010 hasta 2018 fue editora de la revista Problemas del Desarrollo. Revista Latinoamericana de Economía. Es coordinadora del Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África (PUEAA) desde 2017. Fue presidenta de la International Association for Feminist Economics (IAFFE) entre 2015 y 2016, e integrante del Alto Panel para el Empoderamiento Económico de las Mujeres de Naciones Unidas (2016-2017).
Organización vascular y anatomía del leño del tallo secundario de Piper hieronymi C. DC. (Piperaceae)
Authors: Beltrán Marisol , Pipo María Laura , Bodnar Josefina
Published: June 2021

Piper hieronymi es un arbusto o pequeño árbol que habita las selvas de Jujuy, Salta, Tucumán y Misiones, en Argentina. Sus tallos y ramas tienen nudos muy engrosados, y anatómicamente exhiben un arreglo policíclico de los haces vasculares. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar la organización vascular y el leño en tallos secundarios de P. hieronymi. Al igual que en otras especies de Piper, el sistema vascular está conformado por un sistema medular (SVM) y uno periférico (SVP). Ambos están constituidos por haces colaterales abiertos, asociados a casquetes de fibras. El SVM presenta un ciclo, a veces dos, de haces dispersos en una médula parenquimática lignificada. En el SVM se observaron diferencias en la disposición de los haces a nivel de nudos y entrenudos, debido a que estos haces son los encargados de la vascularización de las ramas. El SVP ocupa el mayor espesor del tallo. Presenta haces vasculares alargados que alternan con radios interfasciculares parenquimáticos, compuestos mayormente por células verticales. Además, muchos  haces están bifurcados por el desarrollo de radios fasciculares. El leño posee porosidad difusa, vasos en múltiples radiales cortos, dispuestos en un patrón radial, placas de perforación simple, punteaduras intervasculares escalariformes o alternas y parénquima axial paratraqueal vasicéntrico, y presenta algunas diferencias entre el SVM y el SVP. La anatomía del tallo secundario de P. hieronymi presenta similitudes con especies tanto de hábito arbustivo como lianescente, aunque la bifurcación de los haces del SVP hasta ahora sólo fue citada para especies arbustivas o arbóreas de pequeño porte.
Az autonóm járművek és a biztonságos közúti infrastruktúra
Authors: Borsos Attila , Koren Csaba
Published: June 2021

Az önvezető járművek fejlesztésével és állományuk növekedésével összefüggésben egyre inkább felvetődik az új járművek és az azokat kiszolgáló infrastruktúra viszonya. Ezért különösen fontos, hogy napjaink egyik jelentős és a közlekedést közvetlenül érintő kérdésével a tudomány minél intenzívebben foglalkozzon.
A közlekedési "sharing economy" rendszerek szabályozási szükségszerűsége
Authors: Szeri István , Berente István
Published: June 2021

A közlekedési „sharing economy” hatásaival való foglalkozás, valamennyi résztvevő számára előnyös lehet, ha jól meghatározott összefüggéseit e gyorsan növekvő tendenciákhoz igazítjuk, amelynek elsősorban a szabályozásban kell megjelennie. Ez persze nem jelentené azt, hogy a társadalom (állam) ne ismerje el a magánszemélyek jogait, hogy megosszák a tétlen vagy kihasználatlan eszközeiket, hanem ellenkezőleg a cél az lenne, hogy bevezessük ezeket a tevékenységeket a társadalmi kontroll alá, biztosítva ezzel az állampolgárok (utasok) jogait.
Cross-sectional Study on Sero-Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors:   Government Medical College, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, Tomar Shashi Prabha
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In India, laboratory diagnosis of SARS - CoV-2 infection has been mostly based on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Studies have shown that Viral titres peak within the first week of symptoms, but may decline post this time frame, thereby hampering RT-PCR based diagnostic strategies. These reasons have prompted the call for adoption of antibody testing as a potential source of data to address the gap in data and inform public health and governance policies oriented towards COVID-19. Materials and Methods: A Cross-sectional study with a sample size of 9000 was conducted for 11 days (Dec 11-21, 2020) including all the 79 wards under Jabalpur Municipal Corporation. Serum samples were tested for the presence of specific antibodies to COVID19 using ICMR-Kavach IgG ELISA kits. The data collected was compiled on Microsoft Excel and data analysis was carried out using STATA 15E statistical software. Result: Overall seroprevalence of the study population was found to be 28.70% (weighted). Wards of the city of Jabalpur were classified into three categories based on the case prevalence - High (27 wards), Medium (26 wards) and Low (26 wards). Based on the overall seroprevalence, the estimated number of total infections were calculated to be 3, 54,870 for the study population. Overall Case Infection Ratio was 31.41. Conclusion: The current seroprevalence study rightly provides information on proportion of the population exposed, however, the correlation between presence and absence of antibodies is not a marker of total or partial immunity. Hence, the golden rule of Social distancing, sanitization, personal protective equipment and public health measures have to be continued.
FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE III: ISODON LOPHANTHOIDES VAR. SESSILIS PENDRY (LAMIACEAE), A NEW VARIETY FROM NEPAL
Authors: Pendry Colin A
Published: June 2021

A new variety of Isodon lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) H.Hara is described and a key to the varieties of this species in Nepal is presented.
FLORA OF NEPAL NOTULAE II: PHLOMOIDES LONGIDENTATA PENDRY, A NEW SPECIES OF LABIATAE FROM NEPAL AND BHUTAN
Authors: Pendry C. A.
Published: June 2021

The species Phlomoides longidentata Pendry is described from Nepal and Bhutan and a key to the species of Phlomoides in Nepal is presented.
Human In Command Machine Learning
Authors:   , Holmberg Lars
Published: June 2021

Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) impact many aspects of human life, from recommending a significant other to assist the search for extraterrestrial life. The area develops rapidly and exiting unexplored design spaces are constantly laid bare. The focus in this work is one of these areas; ML systems where decisions concerning ML model training, usage and selection of target domain lay in the hands of domain experts. This work is then on ML systems that function as a tool that augments and/or enhance human capabilities. The approach presented is denoted Human In Command ML (HIC-ML) systems. To enquire into this research domain design experiments of varying fidelity were used. Two of these experiments focus on augmenting human capabilities and targets the domains commuting and sorting batteries. One experiment focuses on enhancing human capabilities by identifying similar hand-painted plates. The experiments are used as illustrative examples to explore settings where domain experts potentially can: independently train an ML model and in an iterative fashion, interact with it and interpret and understand its decisions. HIC-ML should be seen as a governance principle that focuses on adding value and meaning to users. In this work, concrete application areas are presented and discussed. To open up for designing ML-based products for the area an abstract model for HIC-ML is constructed and design guidelines are proposed. In addition, terminology and abstractions useful when designing for explicability are presented by imposing structure and rigidity derived from scientific explanations. Together, this opens up for a contextual shift in ML and makes new application areas probable, areas that naturally couples the usage of AI technology to human virtues and potentially, as a consequence, can result in a democratisation of the usage and knowledge concerning this powerful technology.
Relationship of Stress and Sleep Disorders in Faculty of Medical Students of Malahayati University during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Fasya Hasmarullah , Setiawati Octa Reni , Husna Ismalia , Pramesti Woro
Published: June 2021

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) announced on March 11, 2020 that the disease outbreak caused by the COVID-19 coronavirus is a global pandemic. Therefore those educational institutions ranging from preschool to tertiary levels are closed for a while. Lecture activities are carried out remotely through Online applications that support lecture activities. Educators and parents are confused about accompanying their children to study at home, while students are confused or stressed by online learning methods and extensive learning with many tasks, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This stress can cause adverse effects, such as high blood pressure, dizziness, sadness, attention, insomnia and other sleep abnormality, hypersensitivity, depression, etc. In some cases, stress can cause a variety of discomfort. Purposes: to find out the relationship between stress and sleep disorders in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The test conducted in this study is the Spearman test and quantitative type with analytic design and cross-sectional approach. The measuring instruments used were the DASS 42 questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scales 42) and the PSQI questionnaire. Results: respondents in this study were 60 respondents. The largest distribution among the stress variables was moderate stress level (40%), while the largest type of the two levels of sleep disorder is bad level (80%), and the results of the correlation analysis on the stress variable with sleep disorders obtained P=0.000 and the result of the correlation coefficient r=0.720. Conclusion: Based on the results of the Spearman test on the relationship between stress and sleep disorders, the P value was 0.000 (P<0.05) indicating that there was a relationship between sleep disorders and stress, while the r value was 0.720 or positive correlation, meaning that the higher the stress level, the higher the sleep disturbance, vice versa.
Primers application with the Tso31 gene target in the molecular identification of Taenia solium
Authors: Habibah Nur , Bekti Heri Setiyo , Kumara Dewi Ni Wayan Rika , Rinawati Luh Putu , Burhannuddin Burhannuddin , Rakhmawati Aprilia
Published: June 2021

Background: taeniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Taenia spp. Human taeniasis caused by Taenia solium can be acquired after consumption of raw insufficiently cooked infected pork meat. Pigs are intermediate host for T.solium. Pigs acquired this infection by eating human feces that contained T.solium eggs. Pigs infected with T.solium can be transmitted to humans. Purposes: identification of T.solium in pig is important because it is indicator of T.solium transmission. Microscopic examination of T.solium eggs is considered less effective and efficient so that many other methods are developed for T.solium detection such as molecular and immunology. Method: This method used specific primer which can detect the Tso31 gene in T.solium. Tso31 gene is one of the most promising antigens to differentiate T.solium from T.saginata. Pig feces samples were taken by random sampling technique from 7 pig farms in Denpasar. Result: from the 30 samples, we found one sample that which gave a single amplification product of 234 bp. This indicates that the pig farms in Denpasar have been infected with T.solium. Conclusion: it is necessary to do meat inspection properly in the market as well as health education about the dangers and impacts of T.solium infection in the community.
Postoperative complications in patients infected with covid-19 (review of literature)
Authors: Timerbulatov M. V. , Zabelin M. V. , Timerbulatov S. V. , Gafarova A. R. , Nizamutdinov T. R. , Timerbulatov V. M.
Published: June 2021

The article provides an analysis of the literature on the frequency and nature of postoperative complications in patients infected with a new coronavirus infection – COVID-19. Risk factors for the development of postoperative complications and mortality are considered; the presence of SARS-CoV-2 is a leading risk factor for these complications and mortality, significant risk factors are also patients age ≥70 years, male gender, cancer surgery, severity of the patient’s condition before surgery (3–5 points on the ASA scale), performance emergency operations, a significant amount of surgical interventions. Postoperative complications in patients with COVID-19 develop in 50 %, the mortality rate is 2 times higher compared with patients without coronavirus infection.
Laparoscopic decompression of the celiac trunk: tactical and technical aspects
Authors: Vasilevsky D. I. , Khamid Z. М. , Zakharenko A. A. , Korolkov A. Yu. , Balandov S. G. , Bagnenko S. F.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Currently, traditional methods and minimally invasive surgical technologies are used in the treatment of celiac trunk compression syndrome. The choice of treatment method remains a subject of discussion. The drawback of the classical approach – laparotomy – is a significant trauma to the tissues of the abdominal wall, the risk of adhesions, wound infection and hernias. The disadvantage of videosurgical techniques is the risk of developing life-threatening bleeding requiring conversion of access. The main cause of this complication is damage to the wall of the aorta, celiac trunk and its branches during the intervention.

Methods and materials. A set of tactical and technical principles was developed to reduce the risk of bleeding during laparoscopic decompression of the celiac trunk. The prerequisites were an assessment of the individual architectonics of the vessels according to 3D reconstruction data, the location of working instruments as parallel to the celiac trunk course, retrograde access to the compression zone, the use of an ultrasonic or bipolar dissector, contact with the vascular wall only with passive branches. With these principles surgical intervention was performed in 12 patients.

Results. Complication (bleeding from the branch of the lower phrenic artery) – occurred in one (8.3 %) case – was eliminated laparoscopically. The average duration of the operation was 85 minutes, the average hospital day after the operation was 5 days. Treatment results within 3 to 12 months were evaluated in 8 out of 12 (66.7 %) patients. In 7 (87.5 % of patients with the studied results) cases, complete regression of symptoms and restoration of normal blood flow were noted. One (12.5 %) person had a slight abdominal pain syndrome against the background of normal hemodynamics in the celiac trunk.

Conclusion. The presented data are comparable with the results of traditional surgical methods of treatment of celiac trunk compression syndrome and are the basis for further research.
High-resolution esophageal manometry in patients with achalasia
Authors: Smirnov A. A. , Kiriltseva M. M. , Luybchenko M. E. , Davletbaeva L. I. , Kochetkov A. V.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. At present, high-resolution esophageal manometry is the «gold standard» for the diagnosis of esophageal achalasia, based on the determination of the integrated relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter, the value of which in the case of achalasia must exceed 15 mm Hg (MMS System). However, in some patients with clinically and radiologically confirmed achalasia, this value is normal. There is no unified view of the cause of this phenomenon. We assumed that low pressure figures may be affected by incorrect installation of the manometric catheter.

Methods and materials. This research included 149 patients (61 by retrospective estimating the patients data and 88 new patients) with achalasia established during the period from January 2017 to March 2020. When it was impossible to localize the lower esophageal sphincter and take correct measurements during high-resolution manometry in new patients, the X-rays or upper endoscopy was performed to control the manometric catheter placement. If its’ placement was incorrect and the integrated relaxation pressure level was lower than 15 mmHg, repeated high-resolution manometry was performed with the over-the-guidewire manometric catheter placing.

Results. In 36 patients of both groups (24.2 %), the manometric data did not correspond to esophageal achalasia; in the prospective group, 12 out of the 19 patients had incorrect manometric data due to inability to visualize lower esophageal sphincter. In the prospective group, the manometric catheter was reinstalled by a guidewire, which allowed visualizing the signs of the lower esophageal sphincter in all cases, and in 15 out of 19 patients (79 %), the integrated relaxation pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter was more than 15 mm Hg.

Conclusions. In some cases, the over-the-guidewire installing makes it possible to pass catheter through the lower esophageal sphincter correctly, visualize the lower esophageal sphincter during the high-resolution manometry examination and obtain true pressure values.
Long-term results of open aorto-femoral reconstructions
Authors: Rakhmatillaev T. B. , Gusinskiy A. V. , Shlomin V. V. , Fionik O. V. , Shatravka A. V. , Mikhailov I. V. , Bondarenko P. B. , Puzdriak P. D.
Published: June 2021

The objective was to analyze the long-term results of open aorto-femoral reconstructions in order to optimize the approach to surgical treatment.

Methods and materials. The study included 548 patients with reconstructions of the aorto-femoral segment performed between 1999 and 2007. Of these, 293 patients underwent loop endarterectomy of the iliac arteries, 255 – after aorto-femoral bypass with a synthetic prosthesis. All interventions were performed against the critical lower limb ischemia. The superficial femoral arteries remained occluded in all cases. Outflow was carried out only in the deep femoral arteries and collateral vessels. Patients were under clinical supervision for 5 to 20 years. In the long-term period, most patients underwent interventions on the coronary, brachiocephalic arteries, as well as surgery for cancer.

Results. Timely correction of concomitant pathology made it possible to increase the survival rate of patients by the 10-year follow-up period to 72 %, and after 20 years this figure reached 63 %. The primary patency of the reconstructed segment after loop endarterectomy was significantly higher than after aorto-femoral bypass surgery. Secondary patency in the groups did not significantly differ and by 20 years of follow-up reached 76 %. A high level of patency of the operated segment was also provided by a large percentage of preserved limbs (80 % after 20 years). A study of the quality of life showed that, despite the persistence of intermittent claudication at the level of 400–800 meters, the vast majority of patients were satisfied with their life. Suppurations in the transplant area and the formation of false aneurysms in the area of anastomoses were found only in the group of aorto-femoral bypass grafts.

Conclusion. Open reconstructive operations on the aorto-femoral segment, such as loop endarterectomy and aorto-femoral bypass with adequate postoperative medical examination have good long-term results of survival, patency of the reconstructed segment, percentage of saved limbs and quality of life of patients. Complications in the form of suppuration in the transplant area and the formation of false aneurysms occur only after bypass.
Erosive and ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and bleeding in patients with critical lower limb ischemia and diabetes mellitus underwent endovascular interventions
Authors: Poliantsev A. A. , Frolov D. V. , Linchenko A. M. , Karpenko S. N. , Chernovolenko A. A. , Kaplunova E. V. , Dyachkova Yu. A.
Published: June 2021

The objective was to study the prevalence of erosive and ulcerative gastroduodenal lesions, bleedings of this localization and the relationship with factors predisposing to them in patients with critical lower limb ischemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent endovascular intervention for limb revascularization.

Methods and materials. The study included 81 patients aged 67.5±6.8 years, hospitalized in the department of vascular surgery with critical lower limb ischemia of atherosclerotic genesis and type 2 diabetes mellitus to perform revascularization by means of transluminal balloon angioplasty with stenting when indicated. In the preoperative period, all patients underwent fibrogastroduodenoscopy, according to the results of which a scoring assessment of the lesion of the gastric mucosa and duodenum was presented.

Results. All patients participating in the study were diagnosed with pathology of the gastroduodenal zone: in 95.1 % of the inflammatory nature, in 4.9 % of the ulcer. The relationship between the duration of rest pain, the fact of damage to the mucous membrane of the upper gastrointestinal tract and its severity was not revealed, but the relationship of erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and duodenum with the number of taken pain pills was determined. In patients with repeated endovascular intervention and / or amputation, gastrointestinal bleedings were more often recorded compared with study participants who underwent a single revascularization – 11.1 and 1.6 % of patients, respectively.

Conclusion. Erosive and ulcerative lesions of varying severity are present in all patients with critical lower limb ischemia on the background of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, patients with repeated endovascular interventions and / or amputations are more susceptible to bleeding. For the prevention of pathology of the stomach and duodenum, an in-depth diagnosis and a differentiated approach are required.
Optimization of surgical treatment of abdominal hernias in patients with obesity
Authors: Belokonev V. I. , Zakharov V. P. , Grachev D. B. , Pushkin S. Y. , Kovaleva Z. V. , Pushkina D. S.
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Among patients with primary and postoperative ventral hernias, obesity of various degrees is observed in more than 50 % of patients. A severe complication of obesity is the development of panniculus – a skin-subcutaneous apron of varying severity. The hernia surgeon often performs a panniculectomy, which requires justification, taking into account both the positive and negative consequences.

The objective was to improve the results of treatment of patients with hernias who are obese by developing a mathematical algorithm of indications for removing the skin-subcutaneous apron.

Methods and materials. The analysis of surgical treatment of 253 obese patients with hernia aged 20 to 90 years was performed. There were 44 males (17.4 %) and 209 females (82.6 %). There are 2 groups: the first (comparison group) included 129 patients whom the hernia excision was performed without removing the skin-subcutaneous apron; the second (main group) – 124 patients who had the excision of the skin-subcutaneous apron during surgery. Indications for panniculus removal were based on the proposed mathematical algorithm, which took into account the size, clinical manifestations, associated complications, and possible consequences after surgeries while preserving it.

Results. When considering the abdomen in patients with hernias and obesity from the side surface, the hanging apron in relation to the abdominal wall forms a truncated cone, or two conjugated cones that form significantly different moments of forces acting on the abdominal wall at different stages of development of the panniculus, and, therefore, can serve as the basis for the development of classification. Based on this mathematical model, the following classification of changes in the anterior abdominal wall in hernias and obesity is proposed: saggy belly; cutaneoussubcutaneous apron I, II, III degrees, which are based on calculated mathematical indicators and clinical manifestations of the disease. When treating patients with hernias and obesity during operations, the following tactical algorithms were followed: with a saggy stomach and panniculus of the 1st degree, the removal of the skin-subcutaneous apron can be refused; with the 2nd and 3rd degrees, its preservation contributes to the recurrence of the hernia due to the action of moments of forces that shift and pull the abdominal wall down.

Conclusions. Clinical observations of patients with hernias and obesity have shown that the removal of the skinsubcutaneous apron did not lead to an increase in the frequency of wound and systemic complications, and therefore it should be considered a necessary stage of surgery.
Use of a direct thrombin inhibitor for intraoperative anticoagulation during endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Komlev A. E. , Romakina V. V. , Imaev T. E. , Kolegaev A. S. , Kuchin I. V. , Akchurin R. S.
Published: June 2021

In the issue the authors report brief literature review and the case of use of bivalirudin as an alternative intraoperative anticoagulant for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.
Ergonomic Evaluation on Chicken Feeder Tool at Egg-Laying Chicken Farm SME
Authors: Putri Nilda Tri , Amrina Elita , Fatrias Dicky , Kamil Insannul , Humaida Nabila
Published: June 2021

This research aims to evaluate the egg-laying chicken feeder that was designed at egg-laying chicken farm small and medium enterprise (SME). The main reason of this tool design was due to the worker’s complain of feeling pain during the feeding process. Evaluation was performed based on Nordic Body Map questionnaire result, physiological workload, and NIOSH lifting equation calculation. The observed work ranged from the feed filling in the basket until all feeds were distributed. The results showed that the %CVL was in the range of 18%-30% and the energy consumption of workers was in the range of 1.24-3.00 Kcal/minute. Thus, physiologically, the work activities carried out by the feed workers were categorized as very light workload. Meanwhile, evaluation using Lifting Index (LI) methods in the process of feeding showed the LI value ranged from 0.9-1, therefore this activity is safe to perform manually. Based on the prototype evaluation on the feeding aid, the process of feeding activities was more effective 1.5 times faster than the old tools. In addition, with the use of this new tool, the feeding process was easier to adjust the dose each time.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la apendicitis aguda durante la pandemia: el daño colateral del COVID-19
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía General, Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas Norberto Quirno (CEMIC). Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Argentina, Barreiro María C. , Lanceloti Tomás , Salgado Roberto , Solinas David , Rodríguez Olivieri Manuela , Goya Micaela , Napolitano Milena , Oddi Ricardo L.
Published: June 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has generated changes regarding the management of patients with all kind of pathologies. Here we show the experience concerning the surgical treatment of acute appendicitis (AA) in a teaching hospital in the city of Buenos Aires during the lockdown, and its comparison with the same period of 2019 in order to assess the differences between the timing for consultation, intraoperative findings and the treatment outcome. Material and methods: A prospective database was retrospectively analyzed. We compared patients undergoing surgical treatment for AA in March-July of 2019 v. March-July 2020, taking into account the preoperative period and comparing the outcome regarding the surgical intervention and the impact in the postoperative period between the two groups. Results: 127 patients were included, 46 treated during the pandemic. Patients undergoing surgical treatment during the pandemic had a higher incidence of peritonitis (61.7% vs. 76.1%; p = 0.09) and higher requirement of abdominal drainage (9.9% vs. 23.9%; p = 0.03). There was an increase in the incidence of complications (10.9 vs. 4.9%; p: 0.21), reoperations (8.7 vs. 1.23%, p: 0.03), readmissions (6.5 vs. 0%, p: 0.02) and need for out-patient intravenous antibiotics (6.5 vs. 0%; p: 0.02). The average hospital length was of 1.89 (SD 2.04) and 3.24 (SD 7.31) for the groups operated before and during pandemic, respectively. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients undergoing surgical intervention because of AA decreased compared to the previous year, with increased complications in the postoperative period, higher compromise of the appendix, and longer hospital stay.
Manejo actualizado de las fracturas costales
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía de Tórax. Hospital Maciel. Montevideo. Uruguay, Carriquiry Guillermo M. , Trostchansky Julio
Published: June 2021

Rib fractures are the most common injuries in chest trauma. Fracture fixation has been traditionally performed in flail chest patients. Over the past years, the indication has been extended to multiple, severely displaced non-flail pattern fractures. Other less common indications for osteosynthesis have also been considered. Severe pneumonia and lung contusion requiring mechanical ventilation are considered contraindication for surgical fixation. The optimal timing for the intervention is the first week. Several devices have been developed for fracture fixation; titanium plates are the most commonly used. Rib fixation offers patients a more rapid recovery with shorter length of hospital stay and of intensive care unit stay with improved respiratory function and pain management in the short and long term.
In memoriam: Prof. Dr. Jesús M. Amenábar
Authors:   Hospital Centro de Salud Zenón - Tucumàsn Argentina, Ahualli Jorge
Published: June 2021

Professor Amenábar, from whom he inherited his medical and human conditions, Jesús had many things in common with his father, valuable genes that his brothers, Pilolo and Fufa, both physicians, also inherited. He graduated from the School of Medicine of the National University of Tucumán (UNT) on February 27, 1981.
Российские центры тибетской буддийской традиции: особенности и значение религиозных практик
Authors: Эрендженова Юлия Юрьевна
Published: June 2021

В статье анализируется субъективное значение религиозных практик тибетской традиции для самих российских буддистов. Рассмотрен историко-культурный контекст распространения тибетского буддизма на территории России, проанализировано функционирование современных буддийских организаций и проводимых ими религиозных практик.

Источниковой базой исследования выступил контент интернет-ресурсов, создаваемых и наполняемых самими буддистами, также в 2020 г. проведены авторские беседы с тремя авторитетными представителями российских центров тибетского буддизма: тулку (реинкарнацией святой личности) — Тэло Тулку Ринпоче, Шаджин-ламой Калмыкии; буддийским учителем — ламой Лопсан Чамзы, Кенсуром Управления Камбы-Ламы Республики Тыва и практикующим мирянином — Д. А. Никифоровым, главным редактором издательства «Дже Цонкапа» (г. Москва).

Деятельность, осуществляемая в большинстве российских буддийских организаций (монастырей и дхарма-центров), характеризуется сильным влиянием тибетской буддийской культуры. Все буддисты в равной степени совершают религиозные ритуалы, связанные с нравственными и тантрическими обязательствами, принятыми ими во время посвящений и благословений. К ним относятся традиционные подготовительные практики тибетского буддизма, медитации, тантрические ритуалы. Несмотря на то, что буддийская тантра рассматривается верующими преимущественно как индивидуальная практика, в то же время в буддийских организациях, особенно монастырях, регулярно проводятся тантрические ритуалы для широких масс верующих.

Представители буддийских центров с осторожностью предположили вероятные интенции своих духовных братьев и сестер. Поначалу большинство членов центров бывают эгоцентричны. Но мотивация практикующих претерпевает положительные изменения. Со временем погружение в философский дискурс, регулярные медитации и ритуалы приводят к более духовной и альтруистической интенции. Немаловажное значение при этом имеет коллективная форма практики. Систематические собрания верующих для совместных медитаций и ритуалов способствуют взаимной поддержке и укреплению духовной мотивации. Особое значение совместные буддийские практики приобрели в условиях пандемии COVID-19, когда люди нуждались в духовной поддержке.
Раннетувинский пласт в этническом составе бурят: quu, on, onqot, irkit, qol
Authors: Нанзатов Баир Зориктоевич
Published: June 2021

В статье был дополнен и расширен опыт авторского исследования происхождения бурятских этнонимов хоогой, онгой, онхотой, ирхидэй, холтубай, достоверно известных с XVII в. по русским источникам. Интерес к этой группе этнонимов обоснован их родством с известными среди тувинцев этнонимами куулар, ондар, иргит, хол, а также с предположительно раннетувинским этнонимом онкот, имеющими параллели также у алтайцев, хакасов, якутов, киргизов, казахов, алтайских урянхайцев, дархатов, хотогойтов, халха, хамниган, уратов и др. В основе методики исследования лежит словообразовательный и семантический анализ этнонимов, а также сравнительно-исторический, лингвогеографический и этимологический методы.

Наличие указанных этнонимов в бурятской среде в очередной раз отражает многогранность тюрко-монгольских взаимосвязей. Принадлежность их единой группе племен, генеалогическим предком которой был Обогон, образ которого в якутских преданиях известен как Омогой/Омогон, позволяет проследить тувинско-бурятско-якутские этнические связи. Наличие этнонима холтубай в этническом составе бурят, зафиксированного в XVII в., позволяет установить верхнюю дату его существования как минимум за столетие до проникновения русских в Бурятию. Фиксация окончаний род. п. –oi, с вариантами –dei и –toi, а также наличие окончания мн. ч. –s в якутской форме эргис позволяет установить верхнюю дату временем среднемонгольского языка. Наличие этнонимов в тувинской среде — куулар, ондар, иргит, хол — показывает параллельное развитие этих вариантов.

В результате исследования был выявлен раннетувинский (тобасский) пласт в этническом составе бурят; выявленные ареалы распространения этнонимов позволили очертить зоной их исходного распространения Восточносаянско-Прихубсугульский регион.
Буддийская икона из урочища Кызыл-Тей
Authors: Станулевич Надежда Алексеевна
Published: June 2021

Целью данной статьи является введение в научный оборот информации о буддийской иконе, обнаруженной А. Д. Грачом на юго-восточной части скального массива Кызыл-Тей (Тува) в 1953 г. Сама реликвия ныне хранится в Музее антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН. Поскольку полевые материалы археолога оказались утраченными, историю обнаружения иконы удалось восстановить по другим источникам — по архивным материалам и музейной документации Кунсткамеры. 
Отмечено, что находка связана с одной из историй спасения буддийских реликвий отдельными верующими в период, когда в регионе религия и религиозные служители подвергались репрессиям в 1930-х гг. А. Д. Грач узнал о тайнике от информанта — жителя Тувы и вывез найденное в Ленинград (Санкт-Петербург). 
Установлено, что на буддийской иконе изображена Белая Тара в «ваджрной позе». Икона написана на загрунтованном холсте. Изображение на холсте очерчено красной рамкой. Холст помещен в деревянную раму со стеклом. На внутренней стороне рамки нанесены три строки молитвенного текста на монгольском языке, которые транслитерированы и переведены.
Проблема статуса «я» как антропологической категории в буддийской философии
Authors: Нижников Сергей Анатольевич , Воробьев Валерий Владимирович
Published: June 2021

Опираясь на результаты современной российской буддологической науки, авторы проблематизируют такие устоявшиеся представления как статус «я», понимание нирваны, отрицание абсолюта и др. Показано, что данные концепты не столь однозначны, требуют своего уточнения и углубления, могут носить противоречивый диалектический характер, особенно это касается таких школ махаяны, как татхагатагарбха и ваджраяна. Анализ данных проблемных концептов и их уточнение необходимы для адекватного понимания как буддизма в его историческом развитии, так и истории философии в целом.

Выявляется общность взглядов современных российских буддологов на необходимость различения эмпирического и возможного абсолютного «Я» в буддизме, разницы в их онтологическом статусе. Проводится также сравнение с концепциями «Я» в западных философских течениях, прежде всего критицизме И. Канта. Отмечается как общность трансцендентальной установки в буддизме и кантианстве, так и различие в отношении к метафизике, пониманию духовного и этического. Рассматривается апофатизм в определении нирваны и трансцендентно-имманентный характер буддизма в сравнении с другими учениями, прежде всего христианством. Вскрытая проблемность в определении фундаментальных принципов и понятий махаяны требует дальнейшего углубленного изучения истории развития философии буддизма.
Буддизм и донские калмыки-казаки в социокультурном пространстве России
Authors: Уланов Мерген Санджиевич , Андреева Арья Александровна
Published: June 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности истории буддизма у донских калмыков-казаков. Тем самым отмечается, что среди казаков традиционно исторически были представители разных религий. Сама же ситуация становления калмыков-буддистов казаками рассматривается как не типичная.

Исторические события в регионе проживания калмыков в составе российской империи привели к тому, что часть из них в XVII в. переселилась к берегам Дона, где они получили статус казачьих войск. Несмотря на географическую оторванность от основной массы калмыцкого народа и вхождение в состав донского казачества, калмыки-казаки смогли сохранить свою этническую и конфессиональную идентичность. Более того, буддизм стал ключевым фактором сохранения национальной идентичности у калмыков. Именно он выделял их из состава других народов Области Войска Донского, став символом их этнической самобытности и консолидации.

Казачья администрация Дона была в свою очередь заинтересована в калмыках, как значительной военной силе, в силу чего религиозные отличия отходили на второй план. Несмотря на попытки ограничить количество хурулов и калмыцкого духовенства, а также поставить под контроль буддийскую церковь донских калмыков, последняя представляла собой достаточно сплоченную и организованную силу, влияние которой на калмыцкое население было значительным.
ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF NEURAL NETWORK ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATING BLOOD PRESSURE BASED ON ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND PHOTOPLETHISMOGRAPHY SIGNALS
Authors:   Omsk State Technical University, Omsk, Russia, Shchapova L. V.
Published: June 2021

Currently, the use of neural network algorithms for assessing health parameters is becoming more and more popular. The use of this mathematical apparatus in the processing and analysis of biomedical signals is of great interest to researchers. This article discusses the most popular neural network architectures used to determine human blood pressure, provides a comparative analysis of existing solutions, presents a summary table that reflects network parameters, training data and test results. In the conclusion of the work, conclusions are drawn about the prospects for using these algorithms to solve the problem of continuous monitoring of pressure.
Proposta de intervenção visando à implantação de protocolos clínicos nos serviços hospitalares
Authors: Saqueti Eufanio Estefano , Peres Lena Vânia Carneiro
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Propor uma intervenção planejada com a utilização de planejamento estratégico situacional (PES) para viabilizar a reimplantação do protocolo de cirurgia segura (PCS) e melhorar os resultados dos serviços hospitalares. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada com abordagem qualitativa realizada nos moldes de uma situação-problema em que os conhecimentos pré-adquiridos foram utilizados para viabilizar a reimplantação do PCS com base na identificação das principais causas modificáveis e descritas nos nós críticos, pelos atores envolvidos diretamente no processo de aplicação do PCS. Resultados: Com a utilização do PES, foi possível alinhar conhecimento técnico de maneira organizada, didática, acessível com as melhores evidências científicas, e viabilizar a reimplantação do PCS de modo que garanta a segurança do paciente cirúrgico. Conclusão: Produzir conhecimento científico foi fundamental para a obtenção do sucesso na proposta de reimplantação do PCS na instituição. Portanto, de forma inequívoca o PES pode ser uma ferramenta acessível, viável e eficaz para implantação de protocolos clínicos nos serviços hospitalares.
Ações virtuais de educação em saúde para população idosa: uma intervenção na comunidade
Authors: Santos Taiane Rocha da Silva , Lira Cinthia Ravena Figueiredo , Moura Luna Vitória Cajé , Santos Luzia Lima dos , Santos Kayck Mateus de Assis , Ramos Rafael Ribeiro , Silva Karinne da Silva Santos da , Oliveira Neila Nayara Moreira de
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: A presente pesquisa teve como intuito conhecer a percepção dos idosos de uma comunidade acerca da qualidade de vida, bem-estar e hábitos saudáveis. Métodos: Tratou-se de uma pesquisa, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratória e descritiva.  Fizeram parte da pesquisa os idosos que são cadastrados em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) do Recôncavo da Bahia.  O primeiro momento do estudo aconteceu presencialmente no início de 2020, enquanto os demais momentos aconteceram por meio de intervenções virtuais. A análise ocorreu inicialmente com base na observação diagnóstica, pontuando através do discurso destas pessoas idosas. Posteriormente foram produzidos materiais em formato de podcasts, abordando as demandas apresentadas. Resultados: Os idosos consideravam qualidade de vida como sinônimo de vida e saúde em todos os aspectos, especificamente, saúde física, emocional e espiritual; quanto às limitações e manutenção dos hábitos, foi identificado dores na realização de atividades, comprometimento cognitivo e dificuldade em desapegar de hábitos adquiridos desde a infância. Conclusão: Notou-se que os idosos desta pesquisa possuíam um vasto conhecimento acerca do assunto e empenhavam-se em adotar hábitos de vida que fossem saudáveis. Por outro lado, ficaram evidentes algumas dificuldades existentes na adoção destes hábitos, deixando claro o valor da educação em saúde.
Percepção de pessoas idosas sobre a influência da espiritualidade em sua saúde e qualidade de vida
Authors: Silva Luana da Cruz da , Marques Mariana da Silva de Jesus , Moura Luna Vitória Cajé , Rosa Rosangela Jeniffer Soares , Viana Anne Eugênia Ledo Gonçalves , Lima Jordelma Medeiros , Ribeiro Aldones Adenilton Sousa
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de pessoas idosas sobre a influência da espiritualidade, sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Foram entrevistados doze idosos que frequentavam um Grupo da Terceira Idade na zona rual de um Município do Recôncavo baiano, no ano de 2020. A coleta de dados foram utilizados um questionário e um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado. Os dados analisados com a utilização da técnica de análise temática de conteúdo de Bardin L. (2011). Resultados: Houve um índice favorável quanto a percepção desses indivíduos sobre a espiritualidade e a influência em sua saúde e qualidade de vida. É relevante ressaltar o quanto os mesmos aplicam essas práticas em suas vidas diárias como: orar, estudar artigos religiosos e dentre outras para ter comunhão com seu criador (Deus). Observou-se que esses idosos são bastante confiantes ao expressar sobre a importância de manter a confiança em uma divindade que os auxiliam em todos os momentos. Conclusão: A espiritualidade desempenha um papel apreciável na vivência desses indivíduos, concedendo uma perspectiva de segurança, para enfrentar as dificuldades do dia a dia e alento para os processos fisiológicos e patológicos que os acometem na terceira idade.
Wagners Mimik-Ideal in Idee und Praxis
Authors: Monschau Christina Lena
Published: June 2021

Steht man im Sinne einer ›historisch informierten Aufführungspraxis‹ vor der Rekonstruktion eines Werkes, so kommen womöglich spontan Aspekte wie die zeitgenössische Interpretation, die Art der Instrumente, Spieltechnik und Aussprache/Deklamation in den Sinn. Seltener wird die Mimik/Gestik bedacht. Gerade im Falle der Musikdramen von Richard Wagner ist jedoch das Szenische für die Wechselwirkung der Künste von immenser Wichtigkeit – so wird schon in den Gesammelten Schriften und Dichtungen deutlich, wie die Mimik bei Wagner für den Schaffensprozess, Mitwirkende und Rezipienten an Bedeutung gewinnt. Die Mimik, worunter Wagner die gesamte visuell erfahrbare »dramatische Absicht des Darstellers« zählt, steht in der Wagnerforschung weit hinter der Musik und den zur visuellen Erscheinung beitragenden Teilkünsten. In der folgenden Zusammenfassung eines eigentlich weitaus größeren Forschungsgebiets soll Wagners Mimik in Idee und Praxis skizziert und somit eine Vorstellung vermittelt werden, welche Bedeutung diese Teilkunst für die damalige wie auch heutige Umsetzung hat.
Mixed-Halide Triphenyl Methyl Radicals for Site-Selective Functionalization and Polymerization
Authors: Chen Lisa , Arnold Mona , Blinder Rémi , Jelezko Fedor , Kuehne Alexander
Published: June 2021

Derivatives of the stable, luminescent tris-2,4,6-trichlorophenylmethyl (TTM) radical exhibit unique doublet spin properties that are of interest for applications in optoelectronics, spintronics, and energy storage. However, the synthesis and variety of TTM-type donor-acceptor molecules with high quantum yields are limited by the symmetric chloride decoration and poor reactivity of chlorides in metal-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling reactions. Therefore, only few donor-acceptor molecules have been successfully coupled to the TTM radical motif. Here, we present a synthetic pathway to obtain mixed-halide derivatives of TTM, partly carrying bromo- instead of chloro-substituents, leading to improved reactivity and enabling site-specific cross-coupling reactions. These highly stable mixed-halide triphenyl methyl radicals represent a powerful tool to obtain complex, and so far inaccessible open-shell small molecules, as well as polymers.