bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN EXPERIMENTAL SOCIOLINGUISTIC STUDY OF LANGUAGE VARIATION IN JORDANIAN ARABIC
Authors: Al-Ali Mohammed Nahar , Arafa Heba Isam Mahmoud
Published: December 2020

The use of instrumental techniques in studies on the correlation of social variables with consonantal variation is a new trend in linguistic research. This trend is part of a new eclectic research area called socio-phonetics. This technique, to our knowledge, has not been so far utilized in investigating the phonological variations in Arabic. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the social impact of gender and educational setting on patterns of variation in the use of /θ/, / dʒ /and /ð/ by means of instrumental as well as auditory techniques. A pictorial interview was used to elicit data from the speech of 40 male and female respondents from two educational backgrounds. The main results of the study indicate that gender and educational setting differences affect the use of linguistic variants. Auditory examination reveals that men and individuals with high school education have a higher tendency to maintain the use of local variants, whereas women and individuals with university education have a higher tendency to adopt non-local prestigious variants. Furthermore, employment of acoustic measurements uncovered that in the use of local variants female respondents tend to consciously lower the degree of salience of these variants. In conclusion, male and female speech behavior depends on social priority. Men are driven by the concept of masculinity and toughness, while women are driven by prestige and softness.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF ENGLISH
Authors: Davis Graeme
Published: December 2020

There has never been a language like English. Mother tongue to around 375 million people and second language to many hundreds of millions more, the first language of business and the internet, English is truly a world-wide language. English has a unique position as the essential language skill for the world, for it is in English that the world is communicating. It is the prime beneficiary of the world-wide communications revolution and the only language ever to have achieved global status. In recorded history – in a little over one-thousand five-hundred years - it has grown from the local dialect of a minor Germanic tribe of a few thousand people living in the north of continental Europe to become the most widespread language ever. Never before has any language achieved the status now enjoyed by English, nor could this dominance have been predicted. How English has become the global language is a natural area for enquiry.
STYLISTIC APPROACH OF JULIAN THE EMPEROR AND GREGORY NAZIANZEAN
Authors: Alexandropoulos George
Published: December 2020

This study examines the rhetorical practice in both orators, Gregory Nazianzean and Julian the Emperor. Its purpose is to describe their style and explain the way of their rhetoric choices into a multidisciplinary framework.
TALKING TO, FOR AND ABOUT THE TV: AN ANALYSIS OF NFL FANS’ DISCOURSE
Authors: Brenner Kathryn , Burns Kerry , Ewald Jennifer D
Published: December 2020

Underrepresented in sport discourse literature, the usually private interactions among television viewers provided the context for this research. The present study built directly on previous findings regarding TV viewer interaction, sport discourse, and speakers’ multiple identities by analyzing the linguistic features of interactions among four male family members while watching televised football in their home. Participants used prosodic features to frame utterances while taking on the voice of fan, coach, or commentator and talking to, for, or about the TV. In general, these viewers talked ‘to’ the TV as fans and coaches, ‘for’ the TV as commentators, and ‘about’ the TV in all three roles. The findings are of potential interest to researchers as well as marketing and advertising companies.
Evaluation of High-Throughput Next-Generation Sequencing Applied in the Pathogenic Diagnosis of Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Fang Yuan , Wang Tao , Jin Li , Li Zhi-Tao , Zhang Jian-Qing , Yang Yang , Zeng Zhong , Huang Han Fei
Published: December 2020

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) has been one of the biggest headaches for clinicians, as it not only aggravates symptoms but also increases the length of stay, the cost of hospitalization, and the side effects caused by antibiotics. It is an urgent need for clinicians to develop timely and accurate methods to find microorganisms. Currently, the gold standard for diagnosing BSI is blood culture, but it takes three to eight days to produce results, and its positive rate is extremely low. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has emerged as a better technology desperately needed by doctors and patients to diagnose BSI. Objectives: This study compared NGS and blood culture methods in clinical patients with BSI. Methods: In this study, blood culture and NGS were used to analyze the blood of patients with BSI in different departments of the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. Results: Next-generation sequencing detected 60 pathogens in 63 blood samples, while blood culture detected 15 pathogens in 336 blood samples from 63 patients who were clinically considered to be infected. Pathogens detected by NGS included bacteria, fungi, and viruses, while blood culture only found bacteria and fungi. The positive rates of blood culture diagnosis and NGS diagnosis in BSI patients were 23.8% (15/63) (CI: 13.3% - 34.3%) and 95% (60/63) (CI: 90% - 100%), respectively. Conclusions: Our results showed that NGS creates a new diagnostic platform for patients with BSI. Its wide detection range, high positive rate, and characteristics of rapid detection will benefit patients with BSI.
Víctor Fraiz Villanueva. Proceso a la FETE y a la escuela republicana
Authors: De Gabriel Fernández Narciso
Published: December 2020

The repression exerted by the Franco regime on teachers mainly affected people with a left-leaning ideology who defended Republican secularism. This circumstance was quite common among the members of the Spanish Federation of Education Workers, especially among the organization’s leaders. One of these leaders was Víctor Fraiz Villanueva, a native of Pontevedra, who was court-martialed twice because of his political, union and teaching activities. He was tried in 1934 and again in 1937, and was eventually executed by a firing squad. This article examines the last three years of his life.
El nacimiento de la arquitectura escolar española (1869-1886)
Authors: Rodríguez Méndez Francisco Javier
Published: December 2020

In the middle of the 19th century scarcely a single town in Spain had its own school building, and most of the existing ones lacked the minimum conditions necessary for teaching. During the Sexenio Democrático (1868-1874), the progressive liberalist wing promoted the construction of schoolbuildings, launching a call for models of primary state schools in 1869. The significance of this call was such that it could be considered as the early  dawn of Spanish school architecture, even if the ensuing process and results are debatable. The construction of the Escuela Modelo in Madrid, the Escuelas Aguirre in Cuenca and Madrid, and the Jardines de la Infancia – the first Froebelian institution in Spain, also located in the capital – can be considered to have derived from this contest from 1869.
From «School Buildings» to «School Architecture» – School Technicians, Grand School Buildings and Educational Architecture in Prussia and the USA in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Töpper Daniel , Isensee Fanny
Published: December 2020

The history of school buildings is commonly written as a history of architecture, focusing on outstanding architects and buildings. However, the connection between pedagogical-administrative prescriptions and educational architecture has been studied less, particularly in the nineteenth century. This article highlights the often-overlooked agency of school technicians and proposes to interpret the nineteenth-century history of building schools as a history of implementing pedagogical-administrative objectives. The design of schools followed the inner differentiation of school curricula, at the same time being affected by the growth of school sizes prompted by school management structures and their efficiency aims. We will show how in larger cities the initial one-classroom schools developed into multiple-classroom buildings, taking on their final form in “grand school buildings”. The organizational developments tried and tested here would later become the national standard, with rural schools following with a certain delay. In order to grasp the emergence of the phenomena of these “grand school buildings” we combine the Prussian and US-American cases in their transatlantic connection  in order to comprehend the transnational dimension of school building norms. Being closely connected through mutual observation, the US and Prussian contexts established two decisive aspects: in the Prussian case, the division into separate classrooms as functional units of school construction was implemented, while in the United States additional school rooms such as the assembly hall and specific subject-related rooms were introduced. “Grand school buildings” initiated the interest of the architectural profession, leading to negotiations between school technicians and architects.
Viajar por la Mar del Sur… De toponimia y cartografía histórica
Authors: Aguirre Lora Georgina Maria Esther
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this text is to approach an especially attractive territory, that of the Californias, which since its origins has been the setting for fascinating stories. These accounts have for the most part remained in the collective memory of the inhabitants of the region, constituting for them a source of pride and contributing to the imaginary inherent to the region’s name itself. The lore figures into the area’s changing cartographic expressions over  the centuries, belying the fixed, static image suggested by the crystallized iconographic representations of successive maps as well as the changing names of the region,and their obliviousness to the stories contained in them. Thus, this text delves into the dimensions of historical cartography and toponymy to examinethe case of the Californias, an instance that we suggest be integrated into the learning of geographical knowledge.
Collaborative vulnerability metadata acceptance process (CVMAP) for CVE numbering authorities (CNAs) and authorized data publishers
Authors: Waltermire David , Christopher Turner
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this document is to leverage the strength of technical knowledge provided by theCommon Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) Numbering Authorities (CNAs) and the application of consistent and unbiased CVE record metadata provided by the National Vulnerability Database (NVD) analysts through the formalization of a CVE record metadata submission process. This process will enable outside entities to submit CVE record metadata and allow this data to be presented to the end user with little to no NVD analyst involvement. For instances where the CVE record metadata is provided, the NVD analyst will serve in the role ofauditor to ensure that consistent transparency and quality standards are applied, maintained, and communicated. Public recognition of the upstream participants’ level of effort and consistency of data will be displayed on the public NVD website’s CVE detail page to encourage and incentivize participation.
De la « coéducation » à la « démission parentale » : le discours sur les parents dans un projet pédagogique expérimental français (1970-2000)
Authors: Allam Marie-Charlotte
Published: December 2020

Cet article étudie les discours sur la socialisation et sur les pratiques éducatives familiales chez les enseignants d’écoles expérimentales d’un quartier populaire en France. Il analyse la manière dont se structure, des années 1970 aux années 2000, un discours sur les parents qui porte un jugement sur certaines catégories de familles. À l’aide d’entretiens biographiques avec des enseignants du quartier et des archives publiques et privées, le texte interroge la tension entre le projet d’école alternatif qui attribue à l’éducation parentale un rôle dans l’émancipation des enfants, et l’émergence chez les enseignants d’un discours dépréciatif sur certains modes de socialisation familiale. Il montre que, dès le départ, les instruments de concertation et de participation des parents sont peu ou pas investis par les parents issus de milieux populaires. Ce phénomène s’exacerbe dans les années 1980, tandis que le quartier se paupérise et que la pérennité de l’expérience pédagogique est menacée par des changements institutionnels et politiques. L’émergence d’un discours sur la « démission parentale » chez les enseignants témoigne alors d’une distance sociale croissante et d’un désajustement des attentes éducatives entre parents et enseignants.
Les enjeux éthiques de la recherche en ergothérapie : un portrait préoccupant
Authors: Drolet Marie-Josée , Girard Karoline
Published: December 2020

Les enjeux éthiques de la recherche dans le domaine de la santé sont bien documentés. Les enjeux éthiques de la recherche en ergothérapie commencent, pour leur part, à susciter de l’intérêt de la part des chercheurs. Cela dit, aucune recherche n’a documenté les enjeux éthiques vécus par les ergothérapeutes qui font de la recherche en contexte académique au Québec. C’est ce que révèle la recension des écrits à l’origine de la présente recherche qualitative dont les résultats sont ici présentés. Cet article présente aussi les résultats d’une recherche qualitative menée auprès de onze femmes ergothérapeutes-chercheuses du Québec. Un devis qualitatif d’inspiration phénoménologique a été utilisé. Des entretiens semi-dirigés ont été menés pour discuter des enjeux éthiques vécus en recherche dans le domaine de l’ergothérapie. Trois unités de sens émergent des données narratives, à savoir que les enjeux éthiques sont liés : 1) à l’environnement de la recherche; 2) aux personnes et à leurs interactions; ou 3) à l’occupation qu’est la recherche. Globalement, les résultats de l’étude et ceux recensés dans les écrits s’entendent sur le fait que les chercheurs en santé, dont ceux en ergothérapie, évoluent dans un contexte peu favorable aux découvertes scientifiques et à la conduite responsable en recherche. Les enjeux éthiques de la recherche sont principalement de nature systémique, ce qui contribue à la mise en place d’environnements de travail malsains qui en plus de nuire aux relations interpersonnelles, nuisent à la santé et au bien-être au travail des chercheurs et impactent négativement la vie personnelle et familiale des chercheurs. Quatre résultats inédits émergent de l’étude, soit : 1) le monde académique valorise l’individualisme; 2) des ergothérapeutes font preuve de rébellion à l’endroit de comités d’éthique de la recherche; 3) les milieux cliniques et académiques sont trop déconnectés; et 4) les devis quantitatifs peuvent contribuer à l’exclusion de populations vulnérables.
News Media Representations of Responsibility for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Requiring Liver Transplantation
Authors: Serota Kristie , Bannerman Grace , Hong Rachel , Buchman Daniel Z
Published: December 2020

Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD) is a common indication for liver transplantation yet it is considered ethically controversial in academic, clinical and public discourses. Various social groups consider people with ARLD as personally responsible for their condition and question whether they should have access to a scarce resource. How the news media constructs responsibility for ARLD may influence public opinions toward those who are ill as well as related healthcare policies. Since the organ transplantation system relies on the willingness of individuals to donate organs, understanding how the media portrays controversial issues is a matter of vital importance for public health and health policy. We investigated how responsibility for ARLD requiring liver transplantation is presented for public consumption in the news media. Using a keyword search of two online news databases, we selected 81 articles from the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States. We analyzed the articles using a discursive psychological approach. We found that the news media ascribed responsibility for ARLD to three main actors: individuals with ARLD, biological predisposition, and policy and industry representatives. How responsibility for ARLD requiring liver transplantation is presented in the news media may have implications for people diagnosed with other substance-related disorders who present for transplant candidacy or are on the transplant waiting list. Investigating how responsibility for ARLD is constructed in news media may provide insights into how responsibility is understood in other stigmatized health conditions and its potential implications for population health equity.
The Meaning and Importance of Genetic Relatedness: Fertility Preservation Decision Making Among Israeli Adolescent Cancer Survivors and Their Parents
Authors: Barlevy Dorit , Elger Bernice S. , Wangmo Tenzin , Ash Shifra , Ravitsky Vardit
Published: December 2020

Background: With multiple options available today to become a parent, how does the matter of genetic relatedness factor into adolescent cancer patients’ fertility preservation (FP) decision making? This study reports on and normatively analyzes this aspect of FP decision making.Methods: A convenience sample of Israeli adolescent cancer survivors and their parents were invited to participate in individual, semi-structured interviews.Results: In discussing the importance of genetic relatedness to future children or grandchildren, participants repeatedly brought up the interrelated issues of nature, normalcy, and personal identity. Regardless of preference or ambivalence for genetic relatedness, the majority of participants were aware of alternative parenting options and noted both their advantages and disadvantages. However, knowledge of alternative parenting options was not uniform.Conclusions: To ensure that adolescent patients and their parents make informed FP decisions that meet their personal goals and values, it is important for physicians to discuss alternative parenting options with them in a culturally sensitive manner. Greater credence also should be given to those who question the importance of genetic relatedness.
La gestation pour autrui au regard de l’éthique et du droit
Authors: Zaouaq Karim
Published: December 2020

Dans un marché mondial de procréation fort évolutif, la GPA en tant que forme de maternité de substitution, se pratique aujourd’hui de plus en plus et suscite de nombreuses problématiques éthiques en termes de respect de la dignité des femmes, d’indisponibilité de son corps, de prise en compte de l’intérêt supérieur de l’enfant à naitre et d’établissement de sa filiation. Face à de tels questionnements éthiques, la réponse juridique en droit international fut timide alors que celle des États fût foncièrement disparate variant entre des régimes d’interdiction ou d’encadrement légal de cette pratique et d’autres qui la tolèrent, mais ne la réglementent pas. Cet article propose d’analyser les différents enjeux éthiques que soulève la GPA, avant de s’arrêter sur les divers courants juridiques interdisant ou autorisant totalement ou partiellement cette pratique, tout en étudiant le traitement juridique réservé par le droit international à cette question.
Archéologues et Autochtones : quelle réconciliation possible quand l’éthique et la perspective des uns et des autres divergent?
Authors: Gates St-Pierre Christian
Published: December 2020

La décolonisation de la science et la réconciliation avec les communautés autochtones mènent les archéologues vers de nouvelles pratiques archéologiques plus collaboratives et respectueuses des enjeux, des considérations et des perspectives autochtones concernées. Malgré les conséquences généralement positives émanant de ce type de projet, des tensions peuvent surgir entre les différentes parties prenantes lorsque leurs besoins et objectifs ne concordent pas. L’étude de cas fictive présentée ici illustre la complexité de telles situations et les dilemmes éthiques qui peuvent en découler.
La recherche en bioanthropologie dans un contexte muséologique : comment gérer les collections de squelettes humains mal identifiés?
Authors: Ribot Isabelle
Published: December 2020

Cette étude de cas fictive décrit le contexte muséologique dans lequel les chercheurs en bioanthropologie doivent parfois travailler. Elle met en évidence les défis éthiques en lien avec la gestion des collections de squelettes humains, dont l’identification est encore possible avec des documents écrits anciens qui étaient « oubliés » mais ont été « retrouvés ».
Les parentés narratives dans l’oeuvre de Tierno Monénembo
Authors: Mangeon Anthony
Published: December 2020

Parmi les douze récits qui constituent à ce jour l’oeuvre romanesque de Tierno Monénembo, on peut noter un choix récurrent : six romans (Un rêve utile, Pelourinho, Peuls, Le Terroriste noir, Les Coqs cubains chantent à minuit, Bled) donnent à entendre l’acte narratif comme une parole adressée à un interlocuteur présent ou absent. Cette technique du « récit adressé », qui entretient d’étroites similitudes avec le « roman parlant » théorisé par Jérôme Meizoz, est non seulement un moyen de manifester divers liens entre narrateurs et narrataires, mais aussi l’occasion d’établir des parentés significatives entre les récits et leur personnel romanesque. L’oeuvre peut ainsi se lire comme un dialogue ininterrompu entre les vivants et les morts, ou bien entre l’Afrique, l’Europe et l’Amérique. Le présent article étudie donc les « parentés narratives » dans six romans de Tierno Monénembo, et il montre comment ces derniers diffractent différemment la question de la filiation tout en présentant entre eux certaines similitudes.
« Deux moi dissociées » : la folie comme espace de négociation dans Pagli d’Ananda Devi
Authors: Stewart Alexandra
Published: December 2020

Dans Pagli, la folie peut être lue comme la marque ultime de la transgression féminine. Daya, personnage principal du roman, est une femme hindoue mariée de la société mauricienne ; en refusant d’obéir à ses multiples obligations, elle est dès lors identifiée comme pagli (« folle » en hindi). Or, pour Daya, son incarcération dans un poulailler mène contradictoirement à une libération de l’esprit. Elle revendique le nom Pagli, qui est pour elle un signe de sa capacité d’échapper à son destin de femme. Par son exclusion de la société hindoue mauricienne, Daya se débarrasse de ses limites et devient capable d’appréhender son entourage et d’agir sur lui. Cet article analyse les motifs grotesques du redoublement, de l’hybridité et de la métamorphose en lisant la double-identité de Daya comme une représentation de l’identité multiple de Maurice, et sa folie comme une indication que la société qui l’entoure, société qui cherche à catégoriser, à diviser et à séparer ses cultures variées, s’est déréglée et ne fonctionne pas. Notre hypothèse est que la folie de Daya est une sorte de tiers-espace neutre où une négociation entre les différentes cultures qui jouent un rôle dans la société mauricienne serait possible.
La «Gloria de Niquea» y la «Torre del Universo»: dos edificaciones mágicas subordinadas al 'ars narrandi' de Feliciano de Silva
Authors: Navarro Hermoso Julia
Published: December 2020

El artículo estudia un tema relacionado con las obras caballerescas de Feliciano de Silva: la construcción de los episodiosmágicos. Se analizan en concreto dos aventuras incluidas en Amadís de Grecia y Florisel de Niquea (I): «La Gloriade Niquea» y «La Torre del Universo». Se seleccionan estos episodios por ser claves en la trama y por representarla artificialidad de las construcciones mágicas. Ambos contienen un significado y una función narrativa que se desarrollanen la trama argumental de las dos obras, y que permiten posicionar a Silva, debido al tratamiento literario queotorga a estas aventuras, como autor plenamente renacentista.
Una burla de Feliciano de Silva sobre el hombre salvaje en la Tercera parte del «Florisel de Niquea»
Authors: Del Río Alberto
Published: December 2020

Estudio de un episodio de la Tercera parte del Florisel de Niquea de Feliciano de Silva (capítulo 77) en el que se combinan una burla ("recaudo falso") al legendario hombre salvaje, en su función de tenante en la heráldica, y las enseñanzas morales que derivan del asalto al Castillo de Amor. Se resalta la similitud con las representaciones del motivo en tabletas de escribir, cofrecillos y espejos de marfil de la época.
La discòrdia entre ferrers i teixidors al «Tirant lo Blanc»: entrades reials, imaginari carnavalesc i motius folklòrics
Authors: Beltran Rafael
Published: December 2020

La discòrdia («divís») entre els oficis de ferrers i teixidors, que té lloc en la secció inicial del Tirant lo Blanc (cap. 41), és un dels episodis més coneguts de la novel·la, degut a la seua originalitat temàtica, els seus protagonistes burgesos i el desenllaç sorprenent del conflicte. L’article examina la realitat històrica de les desfilades i entrades reials en l’època, i les disputes entre els oficis que s’hi donen; les crítiques generalitzades als juristes i l’experiència negativa de Joanot Martorell amb juristes; les processons literàries, religioses i carnavalesques, on apareixen els oficis en conflicte; els motius de la forca, els traïdors penjats (com ara Judes) i els penjats cap per avall; i, finalment, el tema del Judici final en rondalles i exemples. En conclusió, el tema de la justícia aplicada arbitràriament parteix de l’àmbit històric, però serà transformat, gràcies a l’ajut de l’imaginari carnavalesc, en una grotesca rondalla folklòrica sobre una decisió injusta, però intel·ligent.
Nave, Joan, «Joanot», Alzira, Bromera, 2017
Authors: Serra Clàudia
Published: December 2020

Ressenya de l'espectacle teatral de Joan Nave, Joanot, i del llibret, publicat amb introd. Ramon X. Rosselló, Alzira, Bromera, 2017.
An Overview of the Application of Deep Learning in Short-Read Sequence Classification
Authors: Bebris Kristaps , Polaka Inese
Published: December 2020

Advances in sequencing technology have led to an ever increasing amount of available short-read sequencing data. This has, consequently, exacerbated the need for efficient and precise classification tools that can be used in the analysis of these data. As it stands, recent years have shown that massive leaps in performance can be achieved when it comes to approaches that are based on heuristics, and apart from these improvements there has been an ever increasing interest in applying deep learning techniques to revolutionize this classification task. We attempt to study these approaches and to evaluate their performance in a reproducible fashion to get a better perspective on the current state of deep learning based methods when it comes to the classification of short-read sequencing data
Initial Dataset Dimension Reduction Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Užga-Rebrovs Oļegs , Kuļešova Gaļina
Published: December 2020

Any data in an implicit form contain information of interest to the researcher. The purpose of data analysis is to extract this information. The original data may contain redundant elements and noise, distorting these data to one degree or another. Therefore, it seems necessary to subject the data to preliminary processing. Reducing the dimension of the initial data makes it possible to remove interfering factors and present the data in a form suitable for further analysis. The paper considers an approach to reducing the dimensionality of the original data based on principal component analysis.
Cloud Strategy Development for Medium and Small Business
Authors: Bolozdiņa Dmitrijs , Pirta-Dreimane Rūta , Romānovs Andrejs
Published: December 2020

The authors, within the present research, aim at making more extensive use of ICT by developing a cloud service strategy that will contribute to the dissemination of knowledge and help in deployment. Companies will be able to assess their readiness to implement cloud services, explore the approaches, benefits and disadvantages of cloud services. Cloud services are a solution to most SMEs, regardless of size, activity or existing ICT infrastructure. Smaller companies can implement SaaS-type solutions, but companies with advanced ICT infrastructure can focus on IaaS and PaaS-type solutions.
Effects of Achievement Goal Orientation Types on Subjective Well-being
Authors: Putri Tasya Nafasya , Saleh Airin Yustikarini
Published: December 2020

In the midst of increasing academic pressure, the subjective well-being of high school students tends to decline as they undergo the school years. In this regard, measuring subjective well-being in specific contexts is necessary to ensure thorough and accurate information that better represents their situation. For this purpose, the study uses subjective well-being in school, which consists of school satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect. Out of the variables that correlate to subjective well-being in school, achievement goal orientation needs more attention. Thus, the study examines the effects of each type of goal orientation on subjective well-being in school using a 2 × 2 framework. Based on linear regression analysis, mastery-approach goal, performance-approach goal, and performance-avoidance goal have a significant effect on the subjective well-being of 11th-grade high school students in school. However, the opposite is true for the mastery-avoidance goal. The research supports previous research and provides broad information about achievement goal orientation as described by the 2 × 2 framework.
La reparación directa como recurso efectivo y adecuado para la reparación de violaciones de derechos humanos
Authors: Navarrete Frías Ana María
Published: December 2020

La obra La reparación directa como recurso efectivo y adecuado para la reparación de violaciones de derechos humanos se desarrolló con base a una metodología descriptiva y de análisis documental, de tratados internacionales de derechos humanos del Sistema Universal de Protección de Derechos Humanos y del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos y de sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, a partir de los cuales se analizan los acápites relacionados a las reparaciones y a los recursos de jurisdicción interna contenidos en los mismos, con el fin de identificar los elementos constitutivos y requisitos que debe tener un recurso judicial interno para ser considerado efectivo y adecuado para reparar violaciones de derechos humanos. Se hace un análisis documental, con tendencia cualitativa, de las sentencias proferidas por la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos contra Colombia y de las sentencias del Consejo de Estado proferidas en procesos de reparación directa en los que se analice la responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado por violaciones de derechos humanos a partir de la nueva tendencia adoptada desde el año 2007; con el fin de analizar dichos pronunciamientos judiciales en lo referente (i) al concepto que adopta la CrIDH respecto de la reparación directa en cada caso; (ii) las reparaciones que son impuestas por la CrIDH en cada caso; y (iii) las reparaciones que son impuestas por el Consejo de Estado. Por último, se recurre a una metodología jurídico propositiva, la cual se utilizará para establecer recomendaciones con relación a la reparación directa, a partir del análisis realizado durante la investigación.
Frequency conversion sinusoidal chaotic neural network and its application
Authors: Hu Zhi-Qiang  , Li Wen-Jing  , Qiao Jun-Fei  ,   Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;,   Beijing Key Laboratory of Computational Intelligence and Intelligent System, Beijing 100124, China
Published: December 2020

The optimization performance of transiently chaotic neural network (TCNN) is affected by various factors such as chaotic characteristic, model parameters, and annealing function, and its capacity of global optimization is limited. It is demonstrated that the non-monotonic activation function can generate richer chaotic characteristic than the monotonic activation function in the TCNN model. Besides, the activation function involving neurobiological mechanism can not only reflect the rich brain activity in brain waves, but also enhance the non-linear dynamic characteristic, which may further improve the global optimization ability. Hence, a novel chaotic neuron model is proposed with the non-monotonic activation function based on the neurobiological mechanisms from the electroencephalogram.
The electroencephalogram consists of five brain waves (i.e., , , , , and waves) which are defined by the quality and intensity of brain waves with different frequency bands ranging from 0.5 Hz to 100 Hz. The brain wave with a higher frequency and a lower amplitude represents a more active brain. Researches demonstrate that the five brain waves can be simplified into sinusoidal waves with different frequencies. Hence, a frequency conversion sinusoidal (FCS) function which has the consistent frequency range and features with brain waves is designed based on the above neurobiological mechanisms. Then a novel chaotic neuron model with non-monotonic activation function which is composed of the FCS function and sigmoid function, is proposed for richer chaotic dynamic characteristic. The reversed bifurcation and the Lyapunov exponent of the chaotic neuron are given and the dynamic system is analyzed, indicating that the proposed FCS neuron model owns richer chaotic dynamic characteristic than transiently chaotic neuron model due to its special non-monotonic activation function.
Based on the neuron model, a novel transiently-chaotic neural networkfrequency conversion sinusoidal chaotic neural network (FCSCNN) is constructed and the basis of model parameter selection is provided as well. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, the FCSCNN is applied to nonlinear function optimization and 10-city, 30-city, 75-city traveling salesman problem. The experimental results show that 1) the FCSCNN has a good performance under the condition of moderate a, smaller cA(0) and 2(0); 2) on the basis of the appropriate model parameters, the FCSCNN has better global optimization ability and optimization accuracy than Hopfield neural network, TCNN, improved-TCNN due to its richer chaotic characteristic in complicated combinational optimization problem, especially in middle and large scale problem.
Synchronization of uncertain fractional-order chaotic systems with time delay based on adaptive neural network control
Authors: Lin Fei-Fei  , Zeng Zhe-Zhao  ,   College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410076, China
Published: December 2020

Time delay frequently appears in many phenomena of real life and the presence of time delay in a chaotic system leads to its complexity. It is of great practical significance to study the synchronization control of fractional-order chaotic systems with time delay. This is because it is closer to the real life and its dynamical behavior is more complex. However, the chaotic system is usually uncertain or unknown, and may also be affected by external disturbances, which cannot make the ideal model accurately describe the actual system. Moreover, in most of existing researches, they are difficult to realize the synchronization control of fractional-order time delay chaotic systems with unknown terms.
In this paper, for the synchronization problems of the different structural fractional-order time delay chaotic systems with completely unknown nonlinear uncertain terms and external disturbances, based on Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network controller, which is accompanied by integer-order adaptive laws of parameters, is established. The controller combines RBF neural network and adaptive control technology, the RBF neural network is employed to approximate the unknown nonlinear functions, and the adaptive laws are used to adjust corresponding parameters of the controller. The system stability is analyzed by constructing a quadratic Lyapunov function. This method not only avoids the fractional derivative of the quadratic Lyapunov function, but also ensures that the adaptive laws are integer-order. Based on Barbalat lemma, it is proved that the synchronization error tends to zero asymptotically. In the numerical simulation, the uncertain fractional-order Liu chaotic system with time delay is chosen as the driving system, and the uncertain fractional-order Chen chaotic system with time delay is used as the response system. The simulation results show that the controller can realize the synchronization control of the different structural fractional-order chaotic systems with time delay, and has the advantages of fast response speed, good control effect, and strong anti-interference ability. From the perspective of long-term application, the synchronization of different structures has greater research significance and more development prospect than self synchronization. Therefore, the results of this study have great theoretical significance, and have a great application value in the field of secure communication.
Computational study of two-body and three-body dissociation of CH3I2+
Authors: Sun Qi-Xiang  , Yan Bing  ,   Faculty of Information Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;,   Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
Published: December 2020

As one of the simplest alkyl halides, methyl iodide is extensively investigated in the research fields of the photodissociation and photoionization. In the experimental investigations of ionization and dissociation, many molecular fragments, such as Iq+(q3), CHn+(n3), H+, etc., are observed in the mass spectrum of CH3I. While the mechanisms for dissociation and ionization are not completely understood. As the doubly-ionized product, CH3I2+ exhibits different isomer structures and isomerization reactions. The dissociation channels of different isomers in combination with the corresponding transition states of CH3I2+ are helpful for better understanding the dissociation and ionization dynamics of CH3I in an intense laser field.
In our present work, the dissociation channels of CH3I2+ are investigated by the density functional and couple cluster theory. The geometries and energies corresponding to the local isomers and the transition states of CH3I, CH3I+ and CH3I2+ are computed. The first and second ionization energies we measured are in good agreement with experimental values. Our computational results show that the ground state of the CH3I2+ is a triplet one with 3A2 symmetry. Totally 11 two-body and 15 three-body dissociation channels of the CH3I2+ on both the lowest singlet and the lowest triplet potential energy surfaces are computed and analyzed in detail. Our computations indicate that seven two-body dissociations channels, i.e., six singlet and one triplet ones, are exergonic, in which CH3I2+(1A')CH2++HI+(4A1) is the easiest process to achieve; four exergonic three-body dissociation channels with three on singlet potential energy surface and one on triplet potential energy surface are found. The possible mechanisms for producing the dissociative ionized fragments observed in experiments, CH3+, H+, and I+, are presented; furthermore, the dissociation channels generating other ions not observed in experiments, such as H3+ et al, are also given for further experimental study. The detailed information about dissociation channels and fragments is summarized for further experimental comparisons. In the computations, we find that the density functional theory and CCSD(T) methods give different energy orders for a few dissociation potential energy surfaces; and in this work, the analysis and discussion are performed based on the CCSD(T) results. Our computations indicate that the dissociation channels on singlet and triplet potential energy surface exhibit different behaviors.
Study of Eu 4f76snl Rydberg states
Authors: Chang Xin-Xin  , Shen Li  , Wu Xiao-Rui  , Dai Chang-Jian  ,   College of Science, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China;,   Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Devices, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300384, China
Published: December 2020

The three-step two-color resonant ionization method and three-step three-color isolated-core excitation (ICE) technique are used to study the spectra of the highly excited bound states systematically, either Eu 4f76snl Rydberg states or other valence states converging to the higher ionization limits. Specifically, the highly excited bound states are populated from the ground state via three different 4f76s6p intermediate states, thereby establishing the three different excitation schemes. The schemes are designed to allow us to assign a J-quantum number uniquely to a given highly excited state with the selection rules of J-quantum number for each excitation scheme by comparing their corresponding photoionization spectra, which are obtained with three-step two-color resonant ionization method. By tuning the wavelength of the second laser, the 56 highly excited bound states located in the energy region between 42250 cm-1 and 44510 cm-1 are detected. To explore their spectroscopic information, more efforts have been made 1) to judge whether an excited state is a bound Rydberg state and to observe whether it may be excited further to an autoionizing state by using the ICE technique; 2) to deduce the principal quantum number of the given bound Rydberg states, and to observe whether they are converged to the same ionization limit by calculating their quantum defects with respect to several ionization limits. Based on the above manipulations, all detected highly excited bound states can be classified as the two categories: bound Eu 4f76snl Rydberg states and other valence states converging to the higher ionization limits, such as the Eu 4f75dnl states. Specifically, to fulfill the ICE technique, it is necessary to make a resonance transition from the 4f76snl Rydberg states to the 4f76p1/2nl autoionizing states with the third dye laser whose wavelength is scanned around the Eu 4f76s+-4f76p1/2+ ionic line. Once the Eu 4f76snl Rydberg states are recognized with the ICE technique, the identification of their orbital quantum numbers is a primary task to determine their electron configurations. With all the efforts mentioned and existing information, three Rydberg states can be assigned to the 4f76s10s(8S9/2), 4f76s9d(8D9/2) and 4f76s9d(6D7/2), whereas the rest can be regarded as highly excited valence states.
One color resonance two-photon ionization spectra of p-methoxybenzonitrile
Authors: Li Xin  , Zhao Yan  , Jin Ying-Hui  , Wang Xiao-Rui  , Yu Xie-Qiu  , Wu Mei  , Han Yu-Xing  , Yang Yong-Gang  , Li Chang-Yong  , Jia Suo-Tang  ,   State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optic Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;,   College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
Published: December 2020

p-methoxybenzonitrile is an important chemical and industrial material which has been widely used in many fields, such as medicine, chemistry, photoelectron, etc. In this paper, we use the technologies of supersonic molecular beam, resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometer to obtain the high-resolution one color resonance two-photon ionization spectra of p-methoxybenzonitrile in a vibrational wavenumber range of 0-2400 cm-1. In order to analyze the experimental results, the theoretical calculations are performed. The molecular structure, energy, and vibration frequencies at the electronic excited state S1 are computed with time-dependent density functional theory at the level of B3PW91/6-311 g++**. According to the calculated results, the observed bands are assigned by the method of Varsanyi and Szoke. The band origin of the S1S0 electronic transition of p-methoxybenzonitrile is determined to be (355492) cm-1. A lot of vibrational bands of the electronic excited state S1 are observed. The results show that the vibrational modes of 9b, 6b, 15 and 1 are very easy to activate in a wavenumber range of 0-800 cm-1. There are also a lot of intense bands in a wavenumber range of 800-1600 cm-1. In addition to the fundamental vibrations, many combined vibrations between breathing and other fundamental vibrations are found. Several vibrations in this range are located at OCH3 and CN group. Most of the bands in a range of 1600-2400 cm-1 correspond to ones in the range of 800-1600 cm-1. Except for the bands appearing at 1664 and 2156 cm-1, which are assigned to 15011301 and (CN) (CN stretching) respectively, the remaining bands in the range of 1600-2400 cm-1 are assigned as the combined vibrations between the breathing and the corresponding modes in the range of 800-1600 cm-1, i.e., the combined vibrations between the breathing overtone and other fundamental modes. Our theoretical calculations show that except for CN stretching vibration at 2162 cm-1, there is no fundamental frequency in a range of 1600-3000 cm-1, which is consistent with our experimental result and assignment. The fundamental of the breathing vibration 11 and its second overtone vibration 12 are very strong. The third overtone frequency 13 can be identified unambiguously. This is an important characteristic of p-methoxybenzonitrile, which is different from that of the usual polyatomic molecule. These results provide important reference for future researches on Rydberg states, chemical kinetics and zero kinetic energy spectroscopy of p-methoxybenzonitrile.