bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genoarchitectonics of the larval zebrafish diencephalon
Authors: Wullimann Mario F. , Mokayes Nouwar , Shainer Inbal , Kuehn Enrico , Baier Herwig
Published: November 2023

The brain is spatially organized into subdivisions, nuclei and areas, which often correspond to functional and developmental units. A segmentation of brain regions in the form of a consensus atlas facilitates mechanistic studies and is a prerequisite for sharing information among neuroanatomists. Gene expression patterns objectively delineate boundaries between brain regions and provide information about their developmental and evolutionary histories. To generate a detailed molecular map of the larval zebrafish diencephalon, we took advantage of the Max Planck Zebrafish Brain (mapzebrain) atlas, which aligns hundreds of transcript and transgene expression patterns in a shared coordinate system. Inspection and co‐visualization of close to 50 marker genes have allowed us to resolve the tripartite prosomeric scaffold of the diencephalon at unprecedented resolution. This approach clarified the genoarchitectonic partitioning of the alar diencephalon into pretectum (alar part of prosomere P1), thalamus (alar part of prosomere P2, with habenula and pineal complex), and prethalamus (alar part of prosomere P3). We further identified the region of the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus, as well as the posterior and anterior parts of the posterior tuberculum, as molecularly distinct basal parts of prosomeres 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Some of the markers examined allowed us to locate glutamatergic, GABAergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and various neuropeptidergic domains in the larval zebrafish diencephalon. Our molecular neuroanatomical approach has thus (1) yielded an objective and internally consistent interpretation of the prosomere boundaries within the zebrafish forebrain; has (2) produced a list of markers, which in sparse combinations label the subdivisions of the diencephalon; and is (3) setting the stage for further functional and developmental studies in this vertebrate brain.
Construction of supramolecular dimer based on benzothiazole derivative through host–guest interaction for photocatalysis
Authors: Li Xin‐Long , Wang Yue‐Bo , Wang Ying , Zhang Rong‐Zhen , Dong Rui‐Zhi , Liu Hui , Yu Shengsheng , Han Ning , Xing Ling‐Bao
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the development of photocatalysts based on noncovalent strategies has shown an important role in medical and organic materials. Herein, an organic fluorescent dye benzothiazole derivative (2‐(N,N‐diethylanilin‐4‐yl)‐4,6‐bis(3‐methylpyrazol‐1‐yl)‐1,3,5‐triazine [MPBT]) was designed and synthesized. It was encapsulated in the cavity of cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) to form a supramolecular dimer through host–guest interaction, which converted the dye into a highly efficient photocatalyst. With the formation of 2MPBT‐CB[8] supramolecular dimer, the emergence of host‐enhanced charge transfer interactions could significantly facilitate singlet to triplet through intersystem crossing. At the same time, the alternating structure of 2MPBT‐CB[8] facilitated the triplet states for further energy transfer and electron transfer. In addition, the electron transfer process with electron donor generated cationic free radical and photocatalyst negative ion free radical (), which in turn reacted with oxygen (O2) to form superoxide anion radical (). The generated could be used to catalyze the oxidative hydroxylation of aryl boronic acid. Therefore, the 2MPBT‐CB[8] had become a highly efficient photocatalyst for the oxidative hydroxylation of aryl boronic acid. This strategy of supramolecular dimerization provides a new strategy for the development of new photocatalysts based on noncovalent interactions.
Toward a new linpack‐like benchmark for heterogeneous computing resources
Authors: Carracciuolo Luisa , Mele Valeria , Sabella Gianluca
Published: November 2023

This work describes some first efforts to design a new Linpack‐like benchmark useful to evaluate the performance of Heterogeneous Computing Resources. The benchmark is based on the Schur Complement reformulation of the solution of a linear equation system. Details about its implementation and evaluation, mainly in terms of performance scalability, are presented for a computing environment based on multi NVIDIA GP‐GPUs nodes connected by an Infiniband network.
Bit duplication technique to generate hard quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problems with adjustable sizes
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Nakano Koji , Ito Yasuaki , Takafuji Daisuke , Yazane Takashi , Yano Junko , Kato Takumi , Ozaki Shiro , Mori Rie , Katsuki Ryota
Published: November 2023

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is a combinatorial optimization to find an optimal binary solution vector that minimizes the energy value defined by a quadratic formula of binary variables in the vector. The main contribution of this article is to propose the bit duplication technique that can specify the number of duplicated bits, so that it can generate hard QUBO problem with adjustable sizes. The idea is to duplicate specified number of bits and then to give constraints so that the corresponding two bits take the same binary values. By this technique, any QUBO problem with bits is converted to a hard QUBO problem with bits . We use random QUBO problems, N‐Queen problems, traveling salesman problem and maximum weight matching problems for experiments. The performance of QUBO solvers including Gurobi optimizer, Fixstars Amplify AE, OpenJij with SA, D‐Wave samplers with SA, D‐Wave hybrid and ABS2 QUBO solver are evaluated for solving these QUBO problems. The experimental results show that only a small scale of duplicated bits can make QUBO problems harder. Hence, the bit duplication technique is a potent method to generate hard QUBO problems and generated QUBO problems can be used as benchmark problems for evaluating the search performance of QUBO solvers.
Design of Superior Electrocatalysts for Proton‐Exchange Membrane‐Water Electrolyzers: Importance of Catalyst Stability and Evolution
Authors: Guo Xiaoxuan , Wang Yongsheng , Zhu Wei , Zhuang Zhongbin
Published: November 2023

By virtue of the high energy conversion efficiency and compact facility, proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising green hydrogen production technology ready for commercial applications. However, catalyst stability is a challenging but often‐ignored topic for the electrocatalyst design, which retards the device applications of many newly‐developed electrocatalysts. By defining catalyst stability as the function of activity versus time, we ascribe the stability issue to the evolution of catalysts or catalyst layers during the water electrolysis. We trace the instability sources of electrocatalysts as the function versus time for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid and classify them into internal and external sources. Accordingly, we summarize the latest studies for stability improvements into five strategies, i. e., thermodynamic stable active site construction, precatalyst design, support regulation, superwetting electrode fabrication, and catalyst‐ionomer interface engineering. With the help of ex‐situ/ in‐situ characterizations and theoretical calculations, an in‐depth understanding of the instability sources benefits the rational development of highly active and stable HER/OER electrocatalysts for PEMWE applications.
A Dose‐Finding Study to Guide Use of Verapamil as an Adjunctive Therapy in Tuberculosis
Authors: Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran , Szumowski John D. , Akbar Nabila , Shanmugasundaram Prema , Jain Anilkumar , Bathragiri Marasamy , Pattnaik Manoranjan , Turuk Jyotirmayee , Karunaianantham Ramesh , Balakrishnan Senthilkumar , Pati Sanghamitra , Kumar A. K. Hemanth , Rathore Manoj Kumar , Raja Jegadeesh , Naidu K. Raghu , Horn John , Whitworth Laura , Sewell Roger , Ramakrishnan Lalita , Swaminathan Soumya , Edelstein Paul H.
Published: November 2023

Induction of mycobacterial efflux pumps is a cause of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug tolerance, a barrier to shortening antitubercular treatment. Verapamil inhibits Mtb efflux pumps that mediate tolerance to rifampin, a cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Verapamil's mycobacterial efflux pump inhibition also limits Mtb growth in macrophages in the absence of antibiotic treatment. These findings suggest that verapamil could be used as an adjunctive therapy for TB treatment shortening. However, verapamil is rapidly and substantially metabolized when co‐administered with rifampin. We determined in a dose‐escalation clinical trial of persons with pulmonary TB that rifampin‐induced clearance of verapamil can be countered without toxicity by the administration of larger than usual doses of verapamil. An oral dosage of 360 mg sustained‐release (SR) verapamil given every 12 hours concomitantly with rifampin achieved median verapamil exposures of 903.1 ng.h/mL (area under the curve (AUC)0‐12 h) in the 18 participants receiving this highest studied verapamil dose; these AUC findings are similar to those in persons receiving daily doses of 240 mg verapamil SR but not rifampin. Moreover, norverapamil:verapamil, R:S verapamil, and R:S norverapamil AUC ratios were all significantly greater than those of historical controls receiving SR verapamil in the absence of rifampin. Thus, rifampin administration favors the less‐cardioactive verapamil metabolites and enantiomers that retain similar Mtb efflux inhibitory activity to verapamil, increasing overall benefit. Finally, rifampin exposures were 50% greater after verapamil administration, which may also be advantageous. Our findings suggest that a higher dosage of verapamil can be safely used as adjunctive treatment in rifampin‐containing treatment regimens.
Matching byOSPrognostic Score to Construct External Controls in Lung Cancer Clinical Trials
Authors: Loureiro Hugo , Roller Andreas , Schneider Meike , Talavera‐López Carlos , Becker Tim , Bauer‐Mehren Anna
Published: November 2023

External controls (eControls) leverage historical data to create non‐randomized control arms. The lack of randomization can result in confounding between the experimental and eControl cohorts. To balance potentially confounding variables between the cohorts, one of the proposed methods is to match on prognostic scores. Still, the performance of prognostic scores to construct eControls in oncology has not been analyzed yet. Using an electronic health record‐derived de‐identified database, we constructed eControls using one of three methods: ROPRO, a state‐of‐the‐art prognostic score, or either a propensity score composed of five (5Vars) or 27 covariates (ROPROvars). We compared the performance of these methods in estimating the overall survival (OS) hazard ratio (HR) of 11 recent advanced non‐small cell lung cancer. The ROPRO eControls had a lower OS HR error (median absolute deviation (MAD), 0.072, confidence interval (CI): 0.036–0.185), than the 5Vars (MAD 0.081, CI: 0.025–0.283) and ROPROvars eControls (MAD 0.087, CI: 0.054–0.383). Notably, the OS HR errors for all methods were even lower in the phase III studies. Moreover, the ROPRO eControl cohorts included, on average, more patients than the 5Vars (6.54%) and ROPROvars cohorts (11.7%). The eControls matched with the prognostic score reproduced the controls more reliably than propensity scores composed of the underlying variables. Additionally, prognostic scores could allow eControls to be built on many prognostic variables without a significant increase in the variability of the propensity score, which would decrease the number of matched patients.
Design of Single‐Atom Catalysts for E lectrocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan , Wei Xiaoxiao , Chen Wangqian , Qian Guangfu , Chen Changzhou , Wang Shuangfei , Min Douyong
Published: November 2023

The Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) can be used to solve environmental problems as well as energy shortage. However, ENRR still faces the problems of low NH3 yield and low selectivity. The NH3 yield and selectivity in ENRR are affected by multiple factors such as electrolytic cells, electrolytes, and catalysts, etc. Among these catalysts are at the core of ENRR research. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with intrinsic activity have become an emerging technology for numerous energy regeneration, including ENRR. In particular, regulating the microenvironment of SACs (hydrogen evolution reaction inhibition, carrier engineering, metal‐carrier interaction, etc.) can break through the limitation of intrinsic activity of SACs. Therefore, this Review first introduces the basic principles of NRR and outlines the key factors affecting ENRR. Then a comprehensive summary is given of the progress of SACs (precious metals, non‐precious metals, non‐metallic) and diatomic catalysts (DACs) in ENRR. The impact of SACs microenvironmental regulation on ENRR is highlighted. Finally, further research directions for SACs in ENRR are discussed.
Continuous Fatty Acid Decarboxylation using an Immobilized Photodecarboxylase in a Membrane Reactor
Authors: Zhou Jianle , Hollmann Frank , He Qi , Chen Wen , Ma Yunjian , Wang Yonghua
Published: November 2023

The realm of photobiocatalytic alkane biofuel synthesis has burgeoned recently; however, the current dearth of well‐established and scalable production methodologies in this domain remains conspicuous. In this investigation, we engineered a modified form of membrane‐associated fatty acid photodecarboxylase sourced from Micractinium conductrix (McFAP). This endeavour resulted in creating an innovative assembled photoenzyme‐membrane (protein load 5 mg cm−2), subsequently integrated into an illuminated flow apparatus to achieve uninterrupted generation of alkane biofuels. Through batch experiments, the photoenzyme‐membrane exhibited its prowess in converting fatty acids spanning varying chain lengths (C6–C18). Following this, the membrane‐flow mesoscale reactor attained a maximum space‐time yield of 1.2 mmol L−1 h−1 (C8) and demonstrated commendable catalytic proficiency across eight consecutive cycles, culminating in a cumulative runtime of eight hours. These findings collectively underscored the photoenzyme‐membrane's capability to facilitate the biotransformation of diverse fatty acids, furnishing valuable benchmarks for the conversion of biomass via photobiocatalysis.
Boost‐flyback converter: Experimental assessment of recent control techniques
Authors: Muñoz Juan‐Guillermo , Angulo‐García David , Angulo Fabiola
Published: November 2023

The boost‐flyback converter is a type of DC‐DC power converter that allows for efficient step‐up voltage conversion. Despite its potential for achieving high voltage gains, there is a lack of comprehensive analysis and practical implementation of reliable control methods for this converter. To date, only a few control techniques have been thoroughly examined and, more importantly, validated on hardware for this specific converter. In this paper, a comprehensive evaluation of two control techniques is presented, namely, zero average surface (ZAS) and hysteresis band (HB) control, for the boost‐flyback converter. Insights into the performance of these techniques and their applicability in real‐world scenarios are provided by experimental investigation. Experimental results have shown that the ZAS controller, while promising in theory, requires the inclusion of a secondary feed‐forward control loop to achieve accurate regulation of the output and effective disturbance rejection. This finding has highlighted the sensitivity of the ZAS control to measurement noise and the importance of careful consideration when implementing it in hardware. By providing a detailed comparison and insights into the performance of these control techniques, this study contributes to the advancement of control strategies for the boost‐flyback converter and guides future research in this field.
The m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 promotes codon‐dependent oncogenic translation by stabilising tRNA in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Wenlong , Zhou Ruixin , Ding Ying , Li Xinying
Published: November 2023

Background

Translation dysregulation plays a crucial role in tumourigenesis and cancer progression. Oncogenic translation relies on the stability and availability of tRNAs for protein synthesis, making them potential targets for cancer therapy.

Methods

This study performed immunohistochemistry analysis to assess NSUN2 levels in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, to elucidate the impact of NSUN2 on anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) malignancy, phenotypic assays were conducted. Drug inhibition and time‐dependent plots were employed to analyse drug resistance. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and bisulphite sequencing were used to investigate the m5C methylation of tRNA at both global and single‐base levels. Puromycin intake and high‐frequency codon reporter assays verified the protein translation level. By combining mRNA and ribosome profiling, a series of downstream proteins and codon usage bias were identified. The acquired data were further validated by tRNA sequencing.

Results

This study observed that the tRNA m5C methyltransferase NSUN2 was up‐regulated in ATC and is associated with dedifferentiation. Furthermore, NSUN2 knockdown repressed ATC formation, proliferation, invasion and migration both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, NSUN2 repression enhanced the sensitivity of ATC to genotoxic drugs. Mechanically, NSUN2 catalyses tRNA structure‐related m5C modification, stabilising tRNA that maintains homeostasis and rapidly transports amino acids, particularly leucine. This stable tRNA has a substantially increased efficiency necessary to support a pro‐cancer translation program including c‐Myc, BCL2, RAB31, JUNB and TRAF2. Additionally, the NSUN2‐mediated variations in m5C levels and different tRNA Leu iso‐decoder families, partially contribute to a codon‐dependent translation bias. Surprisingly, targeting NSUN2 disrupted the c‐Myc to NSUN2 cycle in ATC.

Conclusions

This research revealed that a pro‐tumour m5C methyltransferase, dynamic tRNA stability regulation and downstream oncogenes, c‐Myc, elicits a codon‐dependent oncogenic translation network that enhances ATC growth and formation. Furthermore, it provides new opportunities for targeting translation reprogramming in cancer cells.
H. pylori‐induced NF‐κB‐PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF axis drives gastric cancer progression and cancer‐associated fibroblast‐mediated tumour microenvironment remodelling
Authors: Chen Bonan , Liu Xiaoli , Yu Peiyao , Xie Fuda , Kwan Johnny S. H. , Chan Wai Nok , Fang Canbin , Zhang Jinglin , Cheung Alvin H. K. , Chow Chit , Leung Gloria W. M. , Leung Kam Tong , Shi Shihua , Zhang Bin , Wang Shouyu , Xu Dazhi , Fu Kaili , Wong Chi Chun , Wu William K. K. , Chan Michael W. Y. , Tang Patrick M. K. , Tsang Chi Man , Lo Kwok Wai , Tse Gary M. K. , Yu Jun , To Ka Fai , Kang Wei
Published: November 2023

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumours in East Asia countries and is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori utilizes virulence factors, CagA and VacA, to up‐regulate pro‐inflammatory cytokines and activate NF‐κB signaling. Meanwhile, the PIEZO1 upregulation and cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) enrichment were found in GC progression. However, the mechanisms of PIEZO1 upregulation and its involvement in GC progression have not been fully elucidated.

Methods

The CAF enrichment and clinical significance were investigated in animal models and primary samples. The expression of NF‐κB and PIEZO1 in GC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry staining, and expression correlation was analysed in multiple GC datasets. GSEA and Western blot analysis revealed the YAP1‐CTGF axis regulation by PIEZO1. The stimulatory effects of CTGF on CAFs were validated by the co‐culture system and animal studies. Patient‐derived organoid and peritoneal dissemination models were employed to confirm the role of the PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF cascade in GC.

Results

Both CAF signature and PIEZO1 were positively correlated with H. pylori infection. PIEZO1, a mechanosensor, was confirmed as a direct downstream of NF‐κB to promote the transformation from intestinal metaplasia to GC. Mechanistic studies revealed that PIEZO1 transduced the oncogenic signal from NF‐κB into YAP1 signaling, a well‐documented oncogenic pathway in GC progression. PIEZO1 expression was positively correlated with the YAP1 signature (CTGF, CYR61, and c‐Myc, etc.) in primary samples. The secreted CTGF by cancer cells stimulated the CAF infiltration to form a stiffened collagen‐enrichment microenvironment, thus activating PIEZO1 to form a positive feedback loop. Both PIEZO1 depletion by shRNA and CTGF inhibition by Procyanidin C1 enhanced the efficacy of 5‐FU in suppressing the GC cell peritoneal metastasis.

Conclusion

This study elucidates a novel driving PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF force, which opens a novel therapeutic avenue to block the transformation from precancerous lesions to GC. H. pylori‐NF‐κB activates the PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF axis to remodel the GC microenvironment by promoting CAF infiltration. Targeting PIEZO1‐YAP1‐CTGF plus chemotherapy might serve as a potential therapeutic option to block GC progression and peritoneal metastasis.
Bird species responses to rangeland management in relation to their traits: Rio de la Plata Grasslands as a case study
Authors: Aldabe Joaquín , Morán‐López Teresa , Soca Pablo , Blumetto Oscar , Morales Juan Manuel
Published: November 2023

Areas used for livestock production and dominated by native grasses represent a unique opportunity to reconcile biodiversity conservation and livestock production. However, limited knowledge of individual species’ responses to rangeland management restricts our capacity to design grazing practices that favor endangered species and other priority birds. In this work, we applied Hierarchical Modelling of Species Communities (HMSC) to study individual species responses, as well as the influence of traits on such responses, to variables related to rangeland management using birds of the Rio de la Plata Grasslands as a case study. Based on presence–absence data collected in 454 paddocks across 46 ranches we inferred the response of 69 species considering imperfect detection. This degree of detail fills a major gap in rangeland management, as species‐level responses can be used to achieve targeted conservation goals other than maximizing richness or abundance. We found that artificial pastures had an overall negative impact on many bird species, whereas the presence of tussocks had a positive effect, including all threatened species. Grassland specialists were in general sensitive to grass height and tended to respond positively to tussocks but negatively to tree cover. Controlling grass height via adjustments in stocking rate can be a useful tool to favor grassland specialists. To favor a wide range of bird species in ranches, a mosaic of short and tall native grasslands with patches of tussocks and trees is desirable. We also found that species‐specific responses were modulated by their traits: small‐sized birds responded positively to tussocks and tree cover while large species responded negatively to increasing grass height. Ground foragers preferred short grass while birds that scarcely use this stratum were not affected by grass height. Results on the influence of traits on bird responses are an important novelty in relation to previous work in rangelands and potentially increase our predicting capacity and model transferability across grassland regions.
Evaluating dietary restriction as a maintaining factor in binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Bartholomay Julia , Schaefer Lauren M. , Forester Glen , Crosby Ross D. , Peterson Carol B. , Crow Scott J. , Engel Scott G. , Wonderlich Stephen A.
Published: November 2023

Objective

Prominent theories of binge‐eating (BE) maintenance highlight dietary restriction as a key precipitant of BE episodes. Consequently, treatment approaches for eating disorders (including binge‐eating disorder; BED) seek to reduce dietary restriction in order to improve BE symptoms. The present study tested the hypothesis that dietary restriction promotes BE among 112 individuals with BED.

Methods

Participants completed a 7‐day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol before and after completing 17 weeks of either Integrative Cognitive‐Affective Therapy or guided self‐help cognitive behavioral therapy. Analyses examined whether dietary restriction on 1 day of the baseline EMA protocol predicted risk for BE later that same day, and on the following day. Changes in dietary restriction over the course of treatment were also evaluated as a predictor of change in BE from pre‐treatment to post‐treatment. Baseline dietary restraint was examined as a moderator of the above associations.

Results

Dietary restriction did not predict BE later the same day, and changes in restriction were not related to changes in BE across treatment, regardless of baseline dietary restraint levels. Restriction on 1 day did predict increased BE risk on the following day for individuals with higher levels of dietary restraint, but not those with lower levels.

Discussion

These findings challenge the assumption that dietary restriction maintains BE among all individuals with BED. Rather, results suggest that dietary restriction may be largely unrelated to BE maintenance in this population, and that reducing dietary restriction generally does not have the intended effect on BE frequency.
Synthesis of Octahydroperylene, the Framework of Altertoxin III
Authors: Gutsche Maximilian , Podlech Joachim
Published: November 2023

Routes to the framework of perylenequinone‐derived mycotoxins of the dihydroanthracene type are described. Starting with anthracene derivatives, attachment of C3 units at positions 9 and 10 and twofold cyclization would furnish the required pentacycle. Heck‐type couplings, SN2 additions of enolates, alkynyl and allyl additions turned out to be not successful, while addition of a Grignard reagent prepared from acetal‐protected 3‐bromopropionaldehyde to anthraflavic acid methyl ester, subsequent acetal cleavage, and Birch reduction furnished octahydroperylene in only four steps.
Energy Efficient Transshipment of Ammonia: A Numerical Study of Various Terminal Concepts
Authors: Pfeifer Marcel , Holtz Dorian , Müller Karsten
Published: November 2023

For the global transport and trade of hydrogen, ship transport is of central importance. Ammonia is a promising option for this task. In the ammonia molecule, hydrogen is stored through chemical bonding to nitrogen. In comparison to liquid hydrogen, liquid ammonia shows a higher volumetric energy density and shows advantages in terms of handling. To establish ammonia as a global climate‐neutral energy carrier, the production of green ammonia as well as an efficient supply chain plays important factors. Terminals are an essential part of the process chain as they enable the transshipment from ship to land and vice versa. In this study, the efficiency of various ammonia terminal concepts dealing with both pressure‐liquefied and cold‐liquefied green ammonia is targeted. Multiple terminal concepts are analyzed by thermodynamic investigation as well as numerical simulation. The concepts are compared by system behavior as well as electricity and heat demand under typical bunkering scenarios. The analysis of the concepts produces general design criteria for an efficient terminal design. It is shown that an export terminal is most efficient with a multistage expansion. Furthermore, the integration of the pressure tank as a condenser proves to be particularly suitable for an import terminal.
Antiseizure effect of MEK inhibitor in a child with neurofibromatosis type 1—Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy and optic pathway glioma
Authors: Barrière Sarah , Faure‐Conter Cécile , Leblond Pierre , Philippe Michael , des Portes Vincent , Lion François Laurence , de Bellescize Julitta , Sabatier Isabelle
Published: November 2023

Background

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder due to a mutation in NF1 gene, resulting in phenotypically heterogeneous systemic manifestations. Patients with NF1 are prone to develop neoplasms of the central nervous system (CNS) and are particularly at risk for optic pathway gliomas (OPG). Epilepsy is another recognized neurologic complication in patients with NF1, with a prevalence estimated between 4% and 14%. Several case reports and early phase clinical trials have demonstrated that the mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitors (MEKi) are effective in NF1‐low‐grade gliomas (LGGs), but their influence on seizure activity in humans has not been established.

Case study

Here, we report a patient with NF1 and developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) harboring pharmacoresistant tonic seizures, and progressive optic pathway glioma (OPG). By using a MEKi therapy for her OPG, we observed an end to epileptic seizures as well as a significant improvement of interictal EEG abnormalities, despite a lack of tumor reduction.

Conclusion

MEK inhibitor therapy should be considered for patients with NF1 and refractory epilepsy.
Evaluation of the effect of gluten‐free diet and Mediterranean diet on autoimmune system in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis
Authors: Ülker Mutlu Tuçe , Çolak Gözde Arıtıcı , Baş Murat , Erdem Mustafa Genco
Published: November 2023

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease in which thyroid cells are attacked through cell‐and antibody‐mediated immune processes. A gluten‐free diet reduces antibody concentration and regulates thyroid autoimmunization. Mediterranean diet reduces oxidative stress. This study evaluates the short‐term effects of Mediterranean, gluten‐free, and Mediterranean gluten‐free dietary patterns on thyroid function and autoantibody levels of patients. The 40 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis included in the study were randomly divided into four groups (defined as gluten‐free, Mediterranean, Mediterranean gluten‐free, and controls) for 12 weeks. Thyroid function tests, autoantibody levels, and food consumption were recorded at the beginning and end of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in TSH levels of the groups before the intervention, but a statistically significant difference was found afterward (p < 0.05). Free T3 hormone levels showed a statistically significant difference across the groups before and after the intervention (p < 0.05). Free T3 hormone levels increased significantly in all intervention groups after the intervention, with the highest increase in the Mediterranean group (p < 0.05). In the intervention groups, anti‐TPO and anti‐Tg levels decreased after the intervention; however, this difference was not significant across groups (p > 0.05). In addition, body weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumference averages decreased significantly in all intervention groups compared with controls (p < 0.05). The study achieved an increase in Free T3 hormone levels in the intervention groups. The most marked difference was seen in the Mediterranean gluten‐free diet model, which may be due to the anti‐inflammatory effect of both Mediterranean and gluten‐free diets and the loss of body weight as a result of the intervention.
Nutritional intake and determinants of nutritional quality changes from pregnancy to postpartum—a longitudinal study
Authors: Forsby Mathilda , Hulander Erik , Amberntsson Anna , Brembeck Petra , Winkvist Anna , Bärebring Linnea , Augustin Hanna
Published: November 2023

Nutrient requirements vary across the reproductive cycle, but research on changes in nutritional intake and quality from pregnancy to beyond the lactation period is limited. Thus, we aimed to study nutritional intake and quality changes, among Swedish pregnant participants from late pregnancy to 18 months postpartum and to study the determinants of nutritional quality changes. Participants (n = 72) were studied longitudinally from the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum (2 weeks 4, 12, and 18 months postpartum). At each visit, participant characteristics and 4‐day food diaries were collected. Nutritional quality was assessed by energy adjusted Nutrient Rich Food Index 11.3. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the determinants of change in nutritional quality. Intakes of carbohydrate energy percentage (E%), fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, and potassium were higher in the third trimester compared to postpartum, whereas intakes of E% protein and monounsaturated fat were lower. Adherence to recommended intakes was low at all study visits for saturated fat (4%–11%), fiber (15%–39%), vitamin D (8%–14%), folate (0%–2%), and iron (6%–21%). Overall, nutritional quality did not differ significantly from third trimester to postpartum. Shorter duration (<4 months) of lactation was negatively related to nutritional quality changes, whereas higher age was positively related to changes. In conclusion, nutritional intake from pregnancy to postpartum changed, whereas quality remained relatively stable, with age and lactation duration as determinants. Identification of people at risk of adverse dietary changes from pregnancy to the postpartum period should be further addressed in future larger and more diverse study populations.
Characterization of gluten‐free cupcakes without sucrose based on defatted soybean flour and monk fruit
Authors: Bahraminejad Mahshid , Rostami Omid , Heydari Mahshid , Moradian Mohammadhadi , Abdolmaleki Khadije
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to produce and characterize a novel gluten‐free cupcake for celiac and diabetes people. For this purpose, wheat flour and sugar in the cupcake formulation were fully replaced with soy flour and monk fruit. Also, samples containing wheat flour with sugar and monk fruit were prepared for comparison. The gluten‐free cupcake without sucrose had a less specific volume and porosity index. To improve these properties, Cydonia oblonga (Cydonia Vulgaris) and Plantago ovata (Plantago genus) were used individually and in combination at concentrations of 1 and 2%. The cake containing no gum was made as a control as well. It was observed that addition of gums had positive effects on the specific volume, porosity index, and weight loss of cakes, but their incorporation increased their hardness. Based on the results, the fabrication of a novel and successful gluten‐free cupcake replaced with soy flour, monk fruit, and gum is possible.
Computational models can distinguish the contribution from different mechanisms to familiarity recognition
Authors: Read John , Delhaye Emma , Sougné Jacques
Published: November 2023

Familiarity is the strange feeling of knowing that something has already been seen in our past. Over the past decades, several attempts have been made to model familiarity using artificial neural networks. Recently, two learning algorithms successfully reproduced the functioning of the perirhinal cortex, a key structure involved during familiarity: Hebbian and anti‐Hebbian learning. However, performance of these learning rules is very different from one to another thus raising the question of their complementarity. In this work, we designed two distinct computational models that combined Deep Learning and a Hebbian learning rule to reproduce familiarity on natural images, the Hebbian model and the anti‐Hebbian model, respectively. We compared the performance of both models during different simulations to highlight the inner functioning of both learning rules. We showed that the anti‐Hebbian model fits human behavioral data whereas the Hebbian model fails to fit the data under large training set sizes. Besides, we observed that only our Hebbian model is highly sensitive to homogeneity between images. Taken together, we interpreted these results considering the distinction between absolute and relative familiarity. With our framework, we proposed a novel way to distinguish the contribution of these familiarity mechanisms to the overall feeling of familiarity. By viewing them as complementary, our two models allow us to make new testable predictions that could be of interest to shed light on the familiarity phenomenon.
IPv6 addressing scheme to enhance the performance by mitigating reconnaissance attack
Authors: Pragya  , Kumar Bijendra
Published: November 2023

In resource‐constrained networks, IPv6 addresses are assigned to devices using SLAAC‐based EUI‐64, which generates unique addresses. However, the constant interface identifier (IID) across networks makes it vulnerable to reconnaissance attacks like location tracking, network activity correlation, address scanning, etc. This research work introduces a new addressing strategy that utilizes the Elegant Pairing function to guarantee the generation of nonpredictable unique IPv6 addresses, thereby mitigating different types of reconnaissance attacks. The proposed scheme achieves 100% address success rate (ASR) based on experimental evaluation while effectively thwarting reconnaissance attacks. Importantly, it achieves security enhancements without additional communication overhead and energy consumption.
Puberty Is Delayed in Male Growth Hormone Receptor Gene—Disrupted Mice
Authors: KEENE DAVID E. , SUESCUN MARIA O. , BOSTWICK MELISSA G. , CHANDRASHEKAR VARADARAJ , BARTKE ANDRZEJ , KOPCHICK JOHN J.
Published: November 2023

The role of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) in the initiation of puberty and testicular function is poorly understood. Growth hormone (GH) receptor (R) gene‐disrupted mice or GHR gene “knockouts” (GHR‐KO) are GH resistant and IGF‐I deficient. To assess whether the age of sexual maturation is affected by the absence of IGF‐I, various parameters of sexual development including testicular and accessory reproductive organ weights, balanopreputial separation, germ cell development, and intratesticular testosterone levels were determined in normal and GHR‐KO mice between the ages of 25 and 60 days. In addition, at 36 days of age, the testosterone response to luteinizing hormone (LH) treatment was assessed in these mice. The results indicate that the balanopreputial separation was delayed 5 days, and a significant increase in the weights of the seminal vesicles (SV) occurred later in GHR‐KO mice than in normal animals (between 30 and 35 days and between 35 and 40 days, respectively). Also, the weights of testes and epididymii were significantly reduced in GHR‐KO mice. The intratesticular testosterone levels and the testosterone response to LH treatment were attenuated in GHR gene‐disrupted mice. Furthermore, elongated spermatids appeared later in the testes of GHR‐KO mice than in the testes of normal mice. These results suggest that the absence of IGF‐I secretion delays the normal course of sexual maturation in male GHR‐KO mice, indicating that IGF‐I plays an important role in the initiation of puberty in male mice.
Interpenetrating alginate network as drug delivery matrix: Effects on protein stability and release
Authors: Monteiro Ana P. F. , Pérez‐Jiménez Aurora , Spitzlei Claire , Caucheteux Joachim , Alves Vitor Delgado , Lambert Stéphanie , Grandfils Christian
Published: November 2023

The study investigates the rheological properties and protein release capacity of a uniform hydrogel composed of sodium alginate (SA) and poloxamer (P407). The hydrogel is prepared through the sustained release of calcium ions, resulting in a reinforced and homogeneous interpenetrating networks (IPNs) of SA and P407 polymeric chains. By adjusting the amount of crosslink agent, the hydrogel exhibites an adjustable dissolution ratio and adaptable gelling time. Moreover, the composite showed a well‐structured network and superior mechanical strength, enabling the sustained release of both calcium ions and Soybean Trypsin Inhibitor (STI) protein, a model of Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP). Importantly, the protein release kinetic can be tuned based on the SA content in the polymeric blend, highlighting the versatile nature of this hydrogel for drug delivery purposes.
Inhibition of autophagy enhances the anticancer effect of Schisandrin B on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Tang Qinglai , Li Shisheng , Yang Xinming , Zhang Ying , Tang Xiaojun , Huang Peiying , Yin Danhui
Published: November 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is among the most common malignant tumors worldwide and has a poor prognosis. Autophagy regulation has been proposed as a possible treatment option for HNSCC. Schisandrin B (Sch B) exerts anticancer effects by regulating apoptosis and autophagy, but the anticancer effect of Sch B in HNSCC remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Sch B on human Cal27 HNSCC cells and to further reveal its potential regulatory mechanisms. The anticancer effect of Sch B was evaluated in vitro by flow cytometry, clonogenic assays, and Western blot analysis. The regulatory mechanism of Sch B‐induced apoptosis and autophagy was further explored by polymerase chain reaction, luciferase assay, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection. The results showed that Sch B significantly induced apoptosis and autophagy in Cal27 cells and that inhibition of autophagy enhanced the apoptotic effect of Sch B on Cal27 cells. Additionally, Sch B‐activated autophagy in Cal27 cells was dependent on the nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway, and ROS acted as a regulator of the NF‐B pathway. N‐acetylcysteine, a scavenger of ROS, inhibited Sch B‐dependent autophagy via the NF‐κB pathway. Based on the results, Sch B is a potential therapeutic agent for HNSCC and activates the NF‐κB pathway by increasing ROS production, which subsequently promotes autophagy in HNSCC cells. Therefore, the strategy of enhancing the anticancer effect of Sch B by inhibiting autophagy deserves further attention.
Quality and educational content of Douyin and TikTok short videos on early screening of rectal cancer
Authors: Li Lian‐Shuo , Luo Xiao‐Juan , Shu Xin‐Peng , Li Zi‐Wei , Liu Fei , Liu Xu‐Rui , Tong Yue , Lv Quan , Liu Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Wei , Peng Dong
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim

The aim of this study was to assess the quality and content of videos on Douyin and TikTok for their educational role on early screening of rectal cancer (RC).

Methods

We conducted a search for videos related to RC on the Douyin and TikTok applications on 20 April 2023. The search was conducted in Chinese on Douyin and in English and Japanese on TikTok. A sample of the first 100 videos recommended by the software was selected for each language group. The content of the videos was evaluated using a content scorecard, while the quality of the videos was assessed using DISCERN. Subsequently, we conducted two partial correlations: one between the DISCERN score and the number of likes, and another between the video content score and the number of likes.

Results

This study encompassed a total of 89 Chinese, 54 English, and 51 Japanese videos. After selection, 78 Chinese, 38 English, and 25 Japanese videos were identified to contain content related to early screening for RC, prompting further quality assessment. Notably, videos in the Chinese language showed the highest DISCERN score (P < 0.05). In terms of partial correlation analysis, it was observed that both the content score and DISCERN score did not show a significant correlation with the number of likes (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

In terms of quality score and content score, the Chinese videos on Douyin show superiority over the English and Japanese videos on TikTok. However, there is potential for improving the overall appeal of the Chinese videos.
A Reliability Generalization Meta‐Analysis of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale
Authors: Sen Sedat , Yörük Süreyya
Published: November 2023

The Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K‐DOCS) is a self‐reported rating scale that measures creative behaviors in five areas. Despite the vast amount of research on the scale, the internal consistency reliability of K‐DOCS scores have not been examined. Specifically, there is no study on the overall reliability coefficients, the variation in the reliability of scores, and reliability induction. In the present study, reliability generalization meta‐analyses were conducted to address these issues. The sample consisted of 56 studies that produced 60 Cronbach's alpha coefficients in total. The pooled alpha values were estimated to be .904 (total scale), .825 (Self/Everyday subscale), .858 (Scholarly subscale), .887 (Performance subscale), .867 (Scientific subscale), and .861 (Artistic subscale). The moderator analyses showed that the reliability estimates of K‐DOCS total scores and Self/Everyday subscale scores did not differ with respect to any of the moderator variables. On the other hand, certain variables affected the alpha coefficients for Scholarly (educational level, SD of the age, and mean age), Performance (continent, educational level, ethnicity, Caucasian percentage, SD of the age, and mean age), Scientific (language, test version, continent, country, ethnicity, SD of the age, and mean age), and Artistic (continent, language, country, mean age, and total mean score) subscale scores. Finally, the reliability induction rate was 39.62%, and there were no statistically significant differences between the inducing and reporting studies with respect to the continuous variables (mean of the total score, means and SDs of the sample age, and percentages of female and Caucasian). Our findings indicate that the K‐DOCS provides highly reliable scores. However, certain variables contribute to systematic errors in Scholarly, Performance, Scientific, and Artistic subscale scores. Hence, scores on these subscales should be interpreted with caution. Due to a high amount of variation in the reliability coefficients, reliability induction is not advised for the K‐DOCS.
Investigation the nutritional properties of Auricularia auricula pulp fermented with Lactobacillus strains and their effects on gut microbiota
Authors: Li Hongcai , Tan Pei , Lei Wenzhi , Yang Siqi , Fan Lingjia , Yang Taihao , Guo Chunfeng , Gao Zhenpeng
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Auricularia auricula is rich in bioactive components, and microbial fermentation can further dramatically increase its content and bioavailability. However, there are few studies on the relationship between fermented A. auricula pulp (FAAP) and gut microbiota. In this study, standard strains Lactobacillus plantarum 21801 and 21805 purchased from the China Center of Industrial Culture Collection were used to ferment A. auricula pulp at a ratio of 2:1, with an inoculum of 5%, a fermentation temperature of 31 °C, and a fermentation time of 22 h. The nutritional properties, aroma, and color of FAAP and their effects on the body characteristics of mice and the structure and abundance of gut microbiota are discussed.

RESULTS

The results showed that, compared with A. auricula pulp, FAAP significantly increased the nutritional properties while maintaining favorable sensory quality and flavor profiles. Among them, the content of total polyphenols and total flavonoids reached 22.04 μg mL−1 and 20.56 μg mL−1 respectively, and the 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid free‐radical scavenging rate increased to 73.21%. The consumption of FAAP had no negative effects on weight or liver and kidney function in mice and dramatically enhanced the antioxidant capacity in the liver and serum. The production of short‐chain fatty acids in the gut was promoted, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, norank_f__Muribaculaceae and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae) increased, and the growth of some pathogenic bacteria (Helicobacter, Mucispirillum, and Alloprevotella) was inhibited.

CONCLUSION

These findings demonstrate that FAAP is rich in nutrients and has unique functional properties that promote host health and regulate the gut microbiota. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.