bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free surface groundwater flow solution using boundary collocation methods
Authors: Mužík Juraj , Bulko Roman
Published: September 2018

In this paper, two meshless numerical algorithms are developed for the solution of two-dimensional steady-state diffusion equation that describes the stationary groundwater flow. The proposed numerical methods, which are truly meshless, quadrature-free and boundary only, are based on the method of fundamental solutions and singular boundary method respectively. The diffusion equation is transformed into a Poisson-type equation with a known fundamental solution. Numerical examples with moving boundary are presented and compared to the solutions obtained by the finite element method.
Application of Geographic Information System for forward planning of the Russian Federation subject rural areas
Authors: Sheina Svetlana , Fedorovskaya Albina , Serdiukova Anastasia
Published: September 2018

The present article deals with the issues of elaboration and analysis of methods of rural areas planning within the framework of agro-industrial complex development in Rostov Region. In order to ensure a possibility of forward planning for the rural areas, a method of development planning for agro-industrial complex in the Russian Federation subject has been elaborated. This method consists of 5 stages and comprises analysis of agriculture development on both regional and federal levels, and foresees a transition onto the local level for each AIC object. Algorithm of land suitability for agricultural purposes underlies this method. This article describes all stages of algorithm implementation. One of the implementation stages is the identification of criteria for sustainable development of rural areas. Based on the mentioned criteria, and with the use of ArcGIS ESRI software, electronic maps demonstrating the natural resources potential, anthropogenic impact on the areas, and the existing situation regarding the development of agricultural industry branches in the region. Generation and analysis of electronic maps allowed to carry out a comprehensive evaluation of the Rostov Region territory. This article also covers a calculation of functional ranking, based on which the territories of the utmost priority for agricultural industry development have been identified in the region.
Methods of evaluation of organizational decisions
Authors: Oleinik Pavel , Cherednichenko Nadezhda
Published: September 2018

The article considers the levels of organizational and techno-logical documentation, solution of which is subject to evaluation (construc-tion projects organization, labor production projects, technologic maps, particular sections of documents and solution of local objectives). Groups and a list of applied assessment indicators are also given. The approaches of private and complex evaluation of organizational solutions are revealed - methods of criteria estimation (average weighted, additive, multiplicative, generalizing) methods for modeling indicators (continuity, combination, rhythmicity, uniformity, intensity of production labor), multiple correlation methods (polynomials of the 1st and nth degree). At the same time, the conditions for the expedient application of such methods with appropriate recommendations and explanations are described.
Technical Solutions for Improving the Safety of Housing and Communal Services
Authors: Galitskova Yulia , Balzannikov Mikhail
Published: September 2018

The article reports that one of the priority areas for the implementation of the Strategic Plan for the Development of the Housing and Communal Services of Russia for the period up to 2020 is the implementation of the most effective technologies used in the construction of public infrastructure facilities and the modernization of housing stock. Certain aspects of this strategy were considered by the authors in relation to urban facilities located in the riverbank zone of the large, high-water Volga River. The current condition of the riverbank zone near the city of Samara has been analyzed. Factors adversely affecting the riverbank slope and those influencing the change in conditions of its use are singled out. The authors have registered an increasing level of safety problems for urban facilities due to the loss of the slope stability. As possible measures to improve the stability of the slope and ensure environmental safety, technical and technological solutions developed with the participation of the authors are recommended.
Gypsum Expanded Clay Concrete for External Walls
Authors: Panchenko Alexander , Kozlov Nikita
Published: September 2018

The technology of multicomponent water-proof gypsum binder and gypsum expanded clay concrete with water resistance increased by 1.8–2.2 times comparing to the initial gypsum, and with a softening coefficient of 0.85–0.91, is developed and patented. The binder contains a complex mineral additive including a waste product, carbide silt, and biosilica. The use of the carbide silt (waste product from the acetylene production) together with the biosilica as the WPB components provides for both the engineering-and-economic efficiency and the ecological one. The energy consumption of the WPB production is considerably lower than that of other widely used binding agents based on the Portland cement due to the reduction of the electric power consumption by 2.5 to 3 times and that of the fuel by 3 to 3.5 times. Gypsum expanded clay concrete prepared on the basis of this binder has water resistance, freeze-thaw resistance and creep measure allowing to use it as a wall material for manufacturing wall blocks or for erecting monolithic buildings.
Formation of the organizational-managerial model of renovation of urban territories
Authors: Topchiy Dmitriy , Tokarskiy Andrey
Published: September 2018

The pace of modern urban development dictates special requirements for the structure of zoning and the designation of the territories of megacities. Formed requirements for the objects of residential and recreational areas, urban infrastructure and communications facilities. A special role in the issue of improving the comfort of the urban environment, is the process of renovation of production areas. One of the main principles of urban planning is the location of production in the outskirts of cities and settlements. However, with the development of urban areas, once located at the disposal of production, are surrounded by residential and administrative-office blocks. This “neighborhood” not only causes discomfort to residents, but also creates an excessive environmental burden on the environment. In addition, the territory of the city, and especially large megacities, have a much higher cadastral value of land, and, therefore, create an additional tax burden on production, as added value to the output. All these elements make the products uncompetitive, especially in comparison with similar products produced outside the metropolitan area. Thus, the process of output of production beyond the city limits is actually cyclical and uninterrupted. Territories that remain after the withdrawal of production facilities are subject to comprehensive analysis, taking into account the social needs of the city, and further renovation.
Drainage material produced from roofing waste
Authors: Lyapidevskaya Olga
Published: September 2018

As of today, the development of energy efficient and recycling technologies seems to be urgent. This article considers the problem of recycling of wastes in roofing industry, which is a serious environmental contamination source and creates a significant fire hazard. We have made an attempt to create a new drainage material from roofing waste. This material has the appearance of fibrous board, which is made of trimmings of bitumen-impregnated roofing roll materials thermally bonded in contact points. The technological scheme of the producing of the material was developed. The material was tested to determine its physical and mechanical properties (tensile and compressive strength, water permeability and porosity) and to optimize its technological parameters. According to the results of the experiment it was founded that the material has sufficient physical and mechanical properties, meets the technical requirements for drainage materials and can be recommended for use in underground construction.
Viscosity as a possible supplement to the empirical tests of bitumen
Authors: Holý Michal , Remišová Eva
Published: September 2018

The quality of bituminous binders used in the construction and maintenance of road surfaces is currently being assessed by empirical tests based on obtaining one value for specific boundary conditions that were designed around 100 years ago. However, these tests appear to be inadequate. Under laboratory conditions, all bitumen tests have the correct values, but if the bitumen binder is used in the asphalt mix in the road, sometimes we can see no standard properties and behavior than in the laboratory. We are increasingly faced with the issue of replacing empirical bitumen tests with performance related parameters as viscosity, complex shear modulus that can better and more accurately describe the behavior of bitumen not only in the laboratory but also in asphalt mixtures. In paper the viscosity results of ten bitumen samples (50/70 and PmB 45/80-75) at different temperatures are presented and compared with empirical tests as penetration and softening point.
Effect of the chute oscillations frequency on the speed of inertial-conveyor transportation of concrete mix
Authors: Osmanov Sergey G.
Published: September 2018

The paper represents the major advantages of use of the author’s technology of concrete mix feeding to the point of placement in a building site environment. The working procedure of the experimental research of the effect of frequency work regimes of involved in this case inertia conveyors with the working body in the form of a chute on the transportation speed of ready-mix concrete on the dense aggregate is described and proved. The results of this research are given, particularly, it is shown how an optimal frequency of chute oscillations depends on the angle of its slope and technological properties of transported mix.
Investment and construction project matrix as the basis of forming the highly effective organizational structure
Authors: Morozenko Andrey
Published: September 2018

The article covers the research results of the ways of forming the effective organizational structure for investment and construction project based on key events matrix. Current practice of investment and construction project development does not provide for project organizational structure detailed formation. Construction management plan (CMP) describes the organizational structure relatively and in general terms. Therefore, the customer confines himself only to development of staff’s schedule, and delegating the formation of organizational structure to the general contractor, what is moving the solution of this task to the construction site. A large number of participants form a spontaneous organizational structure, so the management of this structure becomes manual. This leads to the numerous adjustments to plans and construction schedules, as well as additions and changes in the technical documentation of the project. All this result in unstable work, unreasonable delays and, eventually, in quality deterioration, disruption of deadlines and rise in construction costs. This article describes the method of forming the highly effective investment and construction project’s organizational structure, which is based on the key events matrix that is the network functional model of project’s executive system. Its properties, transformation rules and the forming algorithm are described in details.
Calibration of test probes and experimental monitoring of changes in moisture of selected materials of subgrade structures
Authors: Dobeš Peter , Ižvolt Libor , Mečár Martin
Published: September 2018

The paper describes experimental activity carried out at the Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Žilina. It focuses on monitoring moisture changes in individual structural layers of the railway track body and its subgrade, performed on the railroad model, (1:1 scale). The Introduction characterizes the experimental stand models of the Department, used for monitoring the moisture changes in the structural layers. The second part of the paper focuses on the characteristics of the moisture determination method - time reflectometry (TDR method), and on the calibration of TRIME PICO IPH T3 probes for real materials of the experimental stand DRETM (crushed aggregate, fr. 0 / 31.5 mm - protective layer, crushed aggregate, fr. 0/63 mm - embankment, clay with the addition of river gravel – foundation). The calibration was a substantial prerequisite for the subsequent humidity monitoring of the railway models. The next part of the paper presents the recorded moisture values of the structural layer materials, built in the measuring profiles of the experimental stand DRETM, measured before and during the winter period 2017/2018. The Conclusion evaluates the measured values and the determination of the input moisture values that will be used for the numerical modeling of the thermal regime of subgrade structure by the SoilVision software.
Composite grouting mortar based on 3D-NKM - nanocrystalline inoculant
Authors: Panfilova Marina , Zubrev Nikolay , Novoselova Olga , Efremova Sania
Published: September 2018

For the waterproofing of tunnels and the uniform distribution of space between the lining of tunnels and rock, composite injection solutions are used. To improve the physical and mechanical properties of cement composites, the nanoconstruction effect is used, which is possible when using nanoparticles with extended geometry. Nano-additives and nanomodifiers consisting of nanoparticles, both natural and artificial and technogenic, can be used for the production of cement-containing solutions and concretes. For example, under certain conditions nanocrystalline powder of oxides and hydroxides of aluminum to nanotechnogenic raw materials can be referred to wastes of technogenic origin. The paper investigated the effect of nano-additives-boehmite, which is a waste of production, to increase the strength and frost resistance of plugging materials made on the basis of cement when administered. It is established that the use of boehmite as an additive in cements leads to an increase in the strength properties of concrete and increase its frost resistance, which is a prerequisite for long-term and reliable operation of the composite solution. Thus, the composite solution modified by boehmite is the basis for the creation of plugging solutions
Innovative methods of strengthening reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Mailyan Dmitry , Bogomazyuk Darya
Published: September 2018

The article considers some of the most innovative methods of reinforced concrete compressed elements: strengthening of elements with the help of pre-compressed longitudinal reinforcing elements, strengthening by means of concrete padding device, of low strength concrete, to strengthen the elements by biaxial transverse compression of concrete and method is to strengthen the elements with a pre-stretched diagonal reinforcement. The test results on deformation and rigidity of compressed reinforced concrete pillars are given. For each variant of rack reinforcement, depending on their flexibility and the relative eccentricity of the external force, the most technologically and economically feasible method of amplification is proposed.
The economic and technological efciency of building producton in view of contemporary industrial building materials
Authors: Tsapko Konstantin
Published: September 2018

Efficiency of construction production, economic category, expressing the achievement of construction and installation organizations the greatest result of production while minimizing the cost of material and labor resources. This publication examines the possibility of improving the efficiency of construction production through the use of innovative building materials and methods of their application. The methodological problem of the use of building materials, their choice depending on the long-term economic prospects. The questions of risk and uncertainty in the selection of effective building materials are considered.
Measurements and fire simulation models in road tunnels
Authors: Danišovič Peter , Šrámek Juraj , Hodoň Michal , Glasa Ján , Weisenpacher Peter , Valášek Lukáš
Published: September 2018

Ventilation system of road tunnel is one of the most important parts of the tunnel safety equipment, especially in view of the emergency event in the tunnel with fire. Last year we presented the testing and the first in situ measurements of our project entitled “Models of formation and spread of fire to increase safety of road tunnels”. With regard to our project schedule we performed also the second in situ experiment. Other part of this paper deals with computer simulations of fires of a selected Slovak road tunnel.
Influence of additives on properties of concrete with recycled aggregate and fly ash
Authors: Wydra Małgorzata
Published: September 2018

It is possible to considerably enhance the environmental friendliness of concrete production by increasing the usage of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in concrete industry [1, 2]. The idea of concrete with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), additives such as microsilica, metakaolin, fluidized fly ash and superplasticizers might be controversial - it assumes usage of waste material and expensive additives - it is popular though. The aim of this paper was to determine, what the frost resistance of such concrete is. Additionally tests of other properties (sorptivity, absorbability and air void parameters) were performed.
Value engineering method in Polish construction
Authors: Leśniak Agnieszka , Lendo-Siwicka Marzena
Published: September 2018

Value engineering is a method of searching for and eliminating unnecessary costs, while maintaining or even increasing the assumed functionality and quality of the structure, in accordance with the investor's requirements. The paper presents the definition and assumptions of value management in construction projects and presents the results of surveys conducted among Polish engineers. The aim of the research was to show whether Polish engineers and specialists in the field of construction have knowledge about value management and whether they put it into practice.
Stress analysis of metallic thick-walled high-pressure elbows overwrapped with composite material
Authors: Xiao Yong , Hu Yefa , Zhang Jinguang , Song Chunsheng , Huang Xiangyang , Liu Zhaobing
Published: September 2018

In this paper, Carbon fibre-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is used to reinforce metal elbow, which is a new concept and has the potential to improve the strength of metal elbow. For the elbow, the circumferential stress is the main factor for its failure. In this study, a new stress model of thick-walled high pressure elbow reinforced by composite material is presented to predict the stress distribution. Three-dimensional solid model of elbow is constructed and finite element simulations for the elbow are performed to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model. From the results obtained, the maximum circumferential stress of elbow being reinforced by CFRP is smaller than that of elbow not being reinforced by CFRP. The thinner the wall thickness of metal elbow, the more obvious the effect of CFRP will be. The thicker the wall thickness of metal elbow and the thinner the wall thickness of CFRP, the better the accuracy of stress model will be. When the wall thickness of metal elbow is 25 mm, the deviation is smaller than 4%. Therefore, the new stress model is suited for providing stress expression generally. In addition, failure analysis on metal elbow reinforced by CFRP shows that failure of metal layer is the major cause for failure of CFRP layer, i.e. if the metal layer do not fail, neither do CFRP layer. This provides more proof to justify the accuracy and application of the stress model considering the effect of CFRP.
Neuroendokrinologie – Körperliche Folgen von
Burnout
Authors: Nater Urs M.
Published: September 2018

Burnout ist das Ergebnis eines andauernden, nicht bewältigbaren
Stresszustands. Die damit einhergehenden biologischen Veränderungen wurden
insbesondere für die hormonelle Stressachse nachgewiesen. Die konzeptuelle
Unschärfe von Burnout und methodische Limitationen in der Literatur lassen
keine endgültigen Schlüsse zu. Die Ergebnisse legen jedoch nahe, dass eine
endokrine Fehlregulierung und Immunveränderungen Burnout-spezifische
Symptome erklären.
Psychotherapeut & Chef – Rechtstipps rund um das Thema
Personalverantwortung
Authors: Böhmig Carolin
Published: September 2018

Immer mehr niedergelassene Psychotherapeuten haben Angestellte in ihrer Praxis
– sei es als Sicherstellungsassistent, als Praxishilfe oder als angestellter
Psychotherapeut. Für den Praxisinhaber bedeutet die Stellung als Chef auch
neue Aufgaben und mehr Verantwortung. Dieser Artikel setzt sich in erster
Linie mit den Fragen auseinander, die mit der Anstellung eines
Psychotherapeuten in einer Praxis eines niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten
entstehen.
Erwerbsarbeit und psychische Erkrankung – eine
soziologisch-psychodynamische Untersuchung
Authors: Engelbach Ute , Flick Sabine , Alsdorf Nora
Published: September 2018

Ob Burnout Symptom der Moderne, Ausdruck des Kapitalismus oder
Mode-Erscheinung ist, darüber wird viel diskutiert 1. Es gibt zahlreiche Erkenntnisse zu
psychischen Belastungen in der Arbeitswelt – insbesondere in „modernen“,
entgrenzten und subjektivierten Arbeitsformen. In diesem Beitrag entwickeln
wir auf Basis unserer qualitativen Untersuchung Perspektiven zu
Erwerbsarbeit und psychischer Erkrankung aus psychodynamischer und
soziologischer Sicht.
Burnout und professionelle Entwicklung von
Psychotherapeuten
Authors: Willutzki Ulrike , Veith Andreas
Published: September 2018

Burnout tritt in allen Berufen und Gesellschaftsschichten auf – warum nicht auch
bei Psychotherapeuten? Der Beitrag ordnet Burnout-Prozesse in den Kontext
professioneller Entwicklungsprozesse ein. Dabei scheint die Reflexion von
Schwierigkeiten und Herausforderungen in der therapeutischen Arbeit die zentrale
Stellschraube für funktionale bzw. dysfunktionale Entwicklungen zu sein.
Burnout: Coaching versus Psychotherapie
Authors: Albrecht Arnd , Hillert Andreas , Albrecht Evelyn
Published: September 2018

Psychische Erkrankungen nehmen seit Jahren zu. Umso wichtiger ist die
Reintegration von Patienten in das Berufsleben. Kann Coaching synergistisch mit
Psychotherapie kombiniert werden oder in einigen Fällen sogar die Notwendigkeit
einer Psychotherapie verhindern? Angesichts mehrmonatiger Wartezeiten auf
ambulante Therapieplätze wäre das ein interessanter Lösungsansatz.
Neuroenhancement am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Moesgen Diana , Klein Michael
Published: September 2018

Immer mehr Menschen fühlen sich heutzutage den Anforderungen in Studium und Beruf
aus eigener Kraft nicht mehr gewachsen. Einige von ihnen greifen daher zu
verschreibungspflichtigen und illegalen Substanzen, um die erforderliche
Leistung zu erbringen. Aktuelle Daten belegen, dass die Anzahl der
Verschreibungen von z. B. Ritalin in letzter Zeit exorbitant gewachsen sei. Doch
worum geht es eigentlich beim sog. „Neuroenhancement“?
Autonome Störungen
Authors: Haensch Carl-Abrecht , Lührs Anke
Published: September 2018

Das autonome Nervensystem steuert unwillkürlich zahlreiche Vorgänge im menschlichen Körper. Erkrankungen des peripheren und/oder zentralen autonomen Netzwerks können daher mit einer großen Breite autonomer Dysfunktionen symptomatisch werden. Im Mittelpunkt autonomer Funktionsdiagnostik steht dabei besonders häufig die Diagnostik eines passageren Bewusstseinsverlustes oder einer orthostatischen Intoleranz auf Grund einer neurokardiogenen Synkope, orthostatischen Hypotonie oder eines Posturalen Tachykardiesyndroms.
Sonografie peripherer Nerven: Sonografische Anatomie
Authors: Schminke Ulf , von Sarnowski Bettina
Published: September 2018

Eine qualitativ hochwertige Ultraschalldiagnostik erfordert neben Kenntnissen der methodischen und technischen Grundlagen v. a. umfangreiche Kenntnisse der sonografischen Anatomie. Der folgende Artikel hat zum Ziel, die sonografische Anatomie der wichtigsten peripheren Nerven sowie deren Identifizierung mithilfe von anatomischen Landmarken wie Blutgefäßen, Muskelbäuchen und Knochenvorsprüngen zu illustrieren. Anhand von Abbildungen und Videos werden die komplexen Topografien der Nerven in der Regio cervicalis lateralis, der Regio axillaris und der Regio inguinalis sowie der Nerven der oberen und unteren Extremitäten dargestellt.
Ultrasound of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Bojunga Jörg
Published: September 2018

Thyroid nodules are a common finding in the general population. Ultrasonography is the most sensitive imaging tool for diagnosing thyroid nodules. However, sonographic differentiation of hormonally active versus inactive nodules, and in particular benign versus malignant nodules, remains unreliable. In this context, thyroid scintigraphy has its clinical significance predominantly in diagnosing hormonal activity of thyroid nodules. However, most nodules are benign and a significant number of patients undergo surgery for diagnostic rather than for therapeutic reasons. Efforts of the past years aimed to improve sonographic risk stratification, to predict malignancy of thyroid nodules through standardized diagnostic assessment of validated risk factors, in order to select patients who require further diagnostic workup. In the last years, several imaging and reporting systems, giving standardized categories with rates of malignancy, were evaluated as a basis for further clinical management. Recent technological developments, such as elastography, also show promising data and might be implemented into clinical practice. Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration is the key element in the diagnosis of sonographically suspicious thyroid nodules and significantly contributes to the diagnosis of malignancy versus benignity.
Catalyst-Free Three-Component Synthesis of Spirobenzimidazolidines Bearing an Indole Scaffold
Authors: Moghaddam F. , Moafi A. , Zamani Z. , Daneshfar M.
Published: September 2018

An efficient catalyst-free one-pot three-component reaction was developed for the synthesis of a new family of N- and S-containing spirocyclic compounds. Various derivatives of spirobenzimidazolidine containing an indole scaffold were synthesized for the first time in a modestly toxic solvent and under mild reaction conditions. The reaction times were of the order of several minutes, and all the products were obtained in moderate to high yields (overall yields 58–80%).
Complete Globe Avulsion in a 13-Year-Old Young Boy with Maxillofacial Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gurram Prashanthi , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Vivek N. , Chandran Sarvanan , Parthasarathy Priyadarshini , Saravana Kumar D.
Published: September 2018

Disability is defined as a physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities. Disability can be congenital or acquired. Modern medicine can only help such an individual with a better lifestyle, but can never cure the condition as a whole. As a result, one is forced to live with it through one's lifetime. Blindness/loss of vision is one such condition which is not only taxing physically but also psychologically especially in a young child. The authors present one such case of complete globe avulsion in maxillofacial trauma due to road traffic accident in a 13-year-old young boy. This case report discusses in detail about the etiology, biomechanics associated with orbital fractures, anophthalmic surgeries, and the various implantation options. The authors would also like to stress the importance of decision making regarding preservation of the globe or enucleation in an emergency situation such as this one, where the patient reports with a “popped out” eyeball. An ophthalmologist along with an oral and maxillofacial surgeon plays a significant role in primary management, restoration, and replacement influencing the final treatment outcome.
Epilepsy Surgery in Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis and Epilepsies: Review of Literature
Authors: Luat Aimee
Published: September 2018

There is lack of studies that explore the role of epilepsy surgery in the treatment of drug-refractory antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsies. Some case reports and series suggest that surgical treatment may still be an option, but compared with other etiologies, its surgical outcome seems to be less favorable. The following review summarizes the existing experience on the surgical treatment of drug-refractory seizures associated with antibody-associated autoimmune encephalitis and epilepsies.
Grundlagen und Praxis der Neuroanästhesie
Authors: Mölders Patrick , Alders Jörg
Published: September 2018

Zentrale Aspekte der Anästhesieführung bei neurochirurgischen Operationen sind das Aufrechterhalten der zerebralen Homöostase sowie die Vermeidung sekundärer Hirnschäden. Die wichtigsten Variablen sind zerebraler Metabolismus, zerebraler Blutfluss, zerebraler Perfusionsdruck, zerebrales Blutvolumen und ihr Einfluss auf den intrakraniellen Druck. Die Ausgewogenheit dieser Faktoren ist Ziel bei jeder neurochirurgischen Operation oder Intervention.
Pluralism and the problem of purity
Authors: Builes David
Published: September 2018

Ontological Pluralism is the thesis that there are different ways of being. In his recent paper, ‘The only way to be’, Trenton Merricks has presented an important challenge to Pluralism in the form of a dilemma. The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, I argue that Merricks’s argument against Pluralism, as stated, is unsound. I will argue that one horn of the dilemma is unproblematic for contemporary versions of Pluralism, defended by Jason Turner and Kris McDaniel, that are formulated in the framework of Ted Sider. However, my second task is to provide a new dilemma against Pluralism, which, when combined with Merricks’s arguments, constitutes a sound argument against all forms of Pluralism. The new dilemma will reveal that the real problem with Ontological Pluralism is its conflict with Ted Sider’s principle of Purity.
De novo construction of polyploid linkage maps using discrete graphical models
Authors: Behrouzi Pariya , Wit Ernst C
Published: September 2018

Motivation

Linkage maps are used to identify the location of genes responsible for traits and diseases. New sequencing techniques have created opportunities to substantially increase the density of genetic markers. Such revolutionary advances in technology have given rise to new challenges, such as creating high-density linkage maps. Current multiple testing approaches based on pairwise recombination fractions are underpowered in the high-dimensional setting and do not extend easily to polyploid species. To remedy these issues, we propose to construct linkage maps using graphical models either via a sparse Gaussian copula or a non-paranormal skeptic approach.

Results

We determine linkage groups, typically chromosomes, and the order of markers in each linkage group by inferring the conditional independence relationships among large numbers of markers in the genome. Through simulations, we illustrate the utility of our map construction method and compare its performance with other available methods, both when the data are clean and contain no missing observations and when data contain genotyping errors. Our comprehensive map construction method makes full use of the dosage SNP data to reconstruct linkage map for any bi-parental diploid and polyploid species. We apply the proposed method to three genotype datasets: barley, peanut and potato from diploid and polyploid populations.

Availability and implementation

The method is implemented in the R package netgwas which is freely available at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/netgwas.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The English Aristocracy and Mesne Feudalism in the Late Middle Ages
Authors: Ross James
Published: September 2018

Historians have generally argued that the feudal system in the later Middle Ages in England had declined into obsolescence, at least as far as the aristocracy were concerned, and little has been written in the last half-century on the subject. Yet not only were the greater landowners assiduous in keeping records of tenants holding land from them by knight’s service, serjeanty and socage, but evidence from these sources suggests that feudal rights and duties remained important. Revenues from feudal incidents (honorial courts, escheats, wardships and feudal aids) were fluctuating but often lucrative sources of income, though they had declined from thirteenth-century heights and were subject in the later fourteenth and fifteenth century to both political fluctuations and variability in quality of lordship. Lords also continued to insist on the personal performance of homage; the numbers involved, the high-status buildings in which the ceremony was performed (usually before important witnesses) and the solemnity of the ceremony itself suggest that homage was more important in the later Middle Ages than is generally acknowledged. Feudal tenants, indeed, played a significant part in aristocratic affinities. Defined in narrow terms as a system of relationships, feudalism was not moribund.
Pediatric Loss-of-Control Eating and Anxiety in Relation to Components of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Byrne Meghan E , Tanofsky-Kraff Marian , Kelly Nichole R , Grammer Anne Claire , Jaramillo Manuela , Mi Sarah J , Stojek Monika M , Shank Lisa M , Burke Natasha L , Cassidy Omni , Schvey Natasha A , Brady Sheila M , Demidowich Andrew P , Broadney Miranda M , Yanovski Susan Z , Yanovski Jack A
Published: September 2018

Objective

Pediatric loss-of-control (LOC) eating is associated with, and predictive of, gains in adiposity and adverse metabolic outcomes. In addition, some preliminary data suggest that anxiety may exacerbate the relationship of LOC eating with weight and metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related measures. We therefore examined whether anxiety moderated the relationship between LOC eating and body mass index z (BMIz), adiposity, and MetS-related measures in youth.

Methods

A convenience sample of non-treatment-seeking boys and girls of varying weight strata were interviewed to determine the presence of LOC eating and completed a questionnaire assessing trait anxiety. BMIz and MetS-related measures (blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and insulin) were measured after an overnight fast. Adiposity was assessed by air displacement plethysmography or dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, height, fat mass, and depressive symptoms, as appropriate.

Results

In all, 379 youths (13.0 ± 2.8 years; 53% female; BMIz = 0.8 ± 1.1; 22% with LOC eating) were studied. Anxiety was not significantly related to BMIz, adiposity, or MetS-related measures. However, anxiety and LOC eating interacted such that only among youth with LOC eating, anxiety was positively associated with fasting insulin (p = .02) and insulin resistance (p = .01). The interaction of anxiety and LOC eating was not significantly related to BMIz, adiposity, or any other MetS-related measure (ps = ns).

Conclusions

Only among non-treatment-seeking youth with LOC eating, anxiety may be associated with increased insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and explore mechanisms for these relationships.
“All the Progress to Be Made Will Be Made by Maladjusted Negroes”: Mae Mallory, Black Women’s Activism, and the Making of the Black Radical Tradition
Authors: Farmer Ashley D
Published: September 2018

Mae Mallory (1927–2007) was a radical political activist and a self-proclaimed “maladjusted Negro.” She played a foundational role in developing and sustaining the black freedom movement through her school desegregation protests in the 1950s, Black Power advocacy in the 1960s, and Pan-African and prisoner’s rights organizing in the 1970s and 1980s. She also espoused a politics defined by her commitment to a black, community-centered, working-class, gender-conscious, and anti-imperialist worldview. Mallory’s multifaceted organizing, intellectual production, and women-centered approach to radical politics have made her an outlier in traditional historical frameworks. However, her alternative intellectual and activist path is also generative in that it illuminates different aspects of black women’s political activism. This article examines Mallory’s organizing and intellectual production through the lens of “maladjustment.” It argues that her unconventional identifications, politics, and organizing trajectory not only showcase Mallory’s unique influence on the black radical tradition, they also offer an opportunity to rethink existing approaches to the study of black women’s activism. The essay offers one of the first overviews of Mallory’s life, organizing, and theorizing, in order to foreground her role in shaping multiple facets of black organizing. In doing so, it offers a larger commentary on how “maladjusted” women like Mallory challenge conventional narratives about the periodization, strategies, and legacies of the black freedom movement.
Constraints on the onset duration of the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Authors: Turner Sandra Kirtland
Published: September 2018

The Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma) provides a test case for investigating how the Earth system responds to rapid greenhouse gas-driven warming. However, current rates of carbon emissions are approximately 10 Pg C yr
−1
, whereas those proposed for the PETM span orders of magnitude—from ≪1 Pg C yr
−1
to greater than the anthropogenic rate. Emissions rate estimates for the PETM are hampered by uncertainty over the total mass of PETM carbon released as well as the PETM onset duration. Here, I review constraints on the onset duration of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that is characteristic of the event with a focus on carbon cycle model-based attempts that forgo the need for a traditional sedimentary age model. I also review and compare existing PETM carbon input scenarios employing the Earth system model cGENIE and suggest another possibility—that abrupt input of an isotopically depleted carbon source combined with elevated volcanic outgassing over a longer interval can together account for key features of the PETM CIE.

This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.
millepattesmicropeptides are an ancient developmental switch required for embryonic patterning
Authors: Ray Suparna , Rosenberg Miriam I , Chanut-Delalande Hélène , Decaras Amelie , Schwertner Barbara , Toubiana William , Auman Tzach , Schnellhammer Irene , Teuscher Matthias , Khila Abderrahman , Klingler Martin , Payre François
Published: September 2018

Small open reading frames (smORFs) that code for “micropeptides” (10-100 amino acids) exhibit remarkable evolutionary complexity. Conserved micropeptides encoded by themillepattes (mlpt)gene are essential inTriboliumfor embryogenesis but inDrosophila,function only in leg and cuticle differentiation. We find that a module identified inDrosophilatrichome patterning, comprising Mlpt, UBR3, and Shaven-baby (Svb), coordinates early embryo patterning in several insect orders. Intriguingly, Mlpt segmentation function can be re-awakened in theDrosophilablastoderm, demonstrating the potency of an ancestral developmental switch retained despite evolving embryonic patterning modes. smORFs likemillepattesthus illustrate plasticity of micropeptide functions despite constraints of essential genetic networks.

One sentence summary

A module comprising the small ORFs mlpt/pri/tal, the transcription factor Svb, and the ubiquitin ligase UBR3, possesses an ancestral function in insect embryo patterning which is lost in flies but reactivated when Svb expression is restored.
Two key events associated with a transposable element burst occurred during rice domestication
Authors: Chen Jinfeng , Lu Lu , Benjamin Jazmine , Diaz Stephanie , Hancock C. Nathan , Stajich Jason E. , Wessler Susan R.
Published: September 2018

Transposable elements shape genome evolution through periodic bursts of amplification. In this study we exploited knowledge of the components of themPing/Ping/PongTE family in four rice strains undergoingmPingbursts to track their copy numbers and distribution in a large collection of genomes from the wild progenitorOryza rufipogonand domesticatedOryza sativa(rice). We characterized two events that occurred to the autonomousPingelement and appear to be critical formPinghyperactivity. First, a point mutation near the end of the element created aPingvariant (Ping16A) with reduced transposition. The proportion of strains withPing16Ahas increased during domestication while the originalPing (Ping16G)has been dramatically reduced. Second, transposition ofPing16Ainto aStowawayelement generated a locus (Ping16A_Stow) whose presence correlates with strains that have highmPingcopies. Finally, demonstration thatPongelements have been stably silenced in all strains analyzed indicates that sustained activity of themPing/Pingfamily during domestication produced the components necessary for themPingburst, not the loss of epigenetic regulation.
Soil health pilot study in England: outcomes from an on- farm earthworm survey
Authors: Stroud Jacqueline L.
Published: September 2018

Earthworms are primary candidates for national soil health monitoring as they are ecosystem engineers that benefit both food production and ecosystem services associated with soil security. Supporting farmers to monitor soil health could help to achieve the policy aspiration of sustainable soils by 2030 in England; however, little is known about how to overcome participation barriers, appropriate methodologies (practical, cost-effective, usefulness) or training needs. This paper presents the results from a pilot #60minworms study which mobilised farmers to assess over >1300 ha farmland soils in spring 2018. The results interpretation framework is based on the presence of earthworms from each of the three ecological groups at each observation (20cm3pit) and spatially across a field (10 soil pits). Results showed that most fields have basic earthworm biodiversity, but 42 % fields may be at risk of over-cultivation as indicated by absence/rarity of epigeic and/or anecic earthworms; and earthworm counting is not a reliable indicator of earthworm biodiversity. Tillage had a negative impact (p < 0.05) on earthworm populations and organic matter management did not mitigate tillage impacts. In terms of farmer participation, Twitter and Farmers Weekly magazine were highly effective channels for recruitment. Direct feedback from participants included excellent scores in trust, value and satisfaction of the protocol (e.g. 100 % would do the test again) and 57 % would use their worm survey results to change their soil management practices. A key training need in terms of earthworm identification skills was reported. The trade-off between data quality, participation rates and fieldwork costs suggests there is potential to streamline the protocol further to #30minuteworms (5 pits), incurring farmer fieldwork costs of approximately £1.48 ha-1. At national scales, £14 million pounds across 4.7 M ha-1 in fieldwork costs per survey could be saved by farmer participation.
High altitude adaptation mitigates anemia risk associated with diabetes among the Mosuo of Southwest China
Authors: Su M , Wander K , Shenk MK , Blumenfield T , Li H , Mattison SM
Published: September 2018

Human populations native to high altitude regions (≥2500 m) exhibit numerous adaptations to hypoxic stress. On the Tibetan Plateau, these include modifications of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway to essentially uncouple erythropoiesis (red blood cell production) and blood hemoglobin (Hb) concentration—which normally increase in response to low oxygen—from hypoxia. Uncoupling of erythropoiesis and hypoxia is also observed among people with diabetes due to damage to kidney tissues. This is hypothesized to result in elevated risk for anemia among diabetics, which increases risk for cardiovascular disease and death. We tested the hypothesis that the independence of erythropoiesis from HIF among high-altitude adapted populations of the Tibetan Plateau may protect against diabetes-associated anemia. We investigated this hypothesis among the Mosuo, a population living in Yunnan Province, China (at ~2800 m altitude) that is undergoing rapid market integration and lifestyle change, with concomitant increase in risk for type 2 diabetes. We found that, although diabetes (glycated hemoglobin, HbA1c ≥6.5%) is associated with anemia (females: Hb<12g/dl; males: Hb<13g/dl) among the Chinese population as a whole (N: 5,606; OR: 1.48; p: 0.008), this is not the case among the Mosuo (N: 316; OR: 1.36; p: 0.532). Both pathways uncoupling hypoxia from erythropoiesis (diabetic disease and high altitude adaptation) are incompletely understood; their intersection in protecting Mosuo with diabetes from anemia may provide insight into the mechanisms underlying each. Further, these findings point to the importance of understanding how high-altitude adaptations interact with chronic disease processes, as populations like the Mosuo experience rapid market integration.
Wheat avenin-like protein and its significant Fusarium Head Blight resistant functions
Authors: Zhang Yujuan , Cao Xinyou , Juhasz Angela , Islam Shahidul , Qi Pengfei , She Maoyun , Zhu Zhanwang , Hu Xin , Yu Zitong , Wylie Steve , Dowla Mirza , Chen Xueyan , Yang Rongchang , Xia Xianchun , Zhang Jingjuan , Zhao Yun , Shi Nan , Dell Bernard , He Zhonghu , Ma Wujun
Published: September 2018

Wheat Avenin-like proteins (TaALP) are atypical storage proteins belonging to the Prolamin superfamily. Previous studies on ALPs have focused on the proteins’ positive effects on dough strength, whilst no correlation has been made between TaALPs and the plant immune system. Here, we performed genome-wide characterization of ALP encoding genes in bread wheat. In silico analyses indicated the presence of critical peptides in TaALPs that are active in the plant immune system. Pathogenesis-related nucleotide motifs were also identified in the putative promoter regions of TaALP encoding genes. RT-PCR was performed onTaALPand previously characterised pathogenesis resistance genes in developing wheat caryopses under control andFusarium graminearuminfection conditions. The results showed thatTaALPand NMT genes were upregulated uponF. graminearuminoculation. mRNA insitu hybridization showed thatTaALPgenes were expressed in the embryo, aleurone and sub-aleurone layer cells. SevenTaALPgenes were cloned for the expression of recombinant proteins inEscherichia coli, which displayed significant inhibitory function onF. graminearumunder anti-fungal tests. In addition, FHB index association analyses showed that allelic variations of two ALP genes on chromosome 7A were significantly correlated with FHB symptoms. Over-expression of an ALP gene on chromosome 7A showed an enhanced resistance to FHB. Yeast two Hybridization results revealed that ALPs have potential proteases inhibiting effect on metacaspases and beta-glucosidases. A vital infection process related pathogen protein,F. graminearumBeta-glucosidase was found to interact with ALPs. Our study is the first to report a class of wheat storage protein or gluten protein with biochemical functions. Due to its abundance in the grain and the important multi-functions, the results obtained in the current study are expected to have a significant impact on wheat research and industry.