bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The use of morphometric characters to discriminate populations of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae)
Authors: SOLEIMANI AHMAD , KARY NASER EIVAZIAN , MOSLEHI SHALALEH
Published: May 2023

In a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in the northwest of Iran, eleven isolates of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were recovered mainly from the soil samples of apple orchards. The isolates were identified morphologically and molecularly. To unravel intraspecific variation, morphometric characters of different life stages, including hermaphrodite, female, male and infective juvenile (IJ), were evaluated to see efficiencies in discrimination of H. bacteriophora populations isolated from relatively limited geographical regions. Morphometric data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), canonical analysis (CAN), and also cluster analysis. Significant differences in morphometrics were recorded between the studied populations. The results of the PCA on IJ variables showed that the first two PC account for more than 99% of the total variance. Variables including distance from anterior end to the base of the pharynx (Es) and distance from anterior end to nerve ring (Nr) showed the highest factor loading. Cluster analysis put the studied populations in five well-defined groups. Resulted PC1 and PC2 for females account 63% of the total variance. Females variables include body length (L), distance from anterior end to excretory pore (EP), length divided by width (A), length divided by Es (B), length divided by tail length (C), and anal body width (Abw), tail length (TL), EP divided by TL ×100 (E) were effective in discrimination of the populations into three distinct groups. The first two PC from hermaphrodite variables accounted for 66% of the total variance. Variables include L, A, B, and C had efficient factor loading on PC1, and PC2. Cluster analysis of hermaphrodite morphometrics yielded five distinct groups among populations. For male variables PC1, and PC2 accounted 60.04% of the total variance, and body width, Abw, TL and, E were the most efficient in PC1 and PC2 was affected efficiently by Es and EP. The results of PCA showed that the highest discrimination among the studied H. bacteriophora population occurred with female variables.
A new species of tiger beetle (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from the Death Valley ecosystem
Authors: DURAN DANIEL P. , CHAMBERS AARON W. , NELSON KRISTIE N. , ROMAN STEPHEN J.
Published: May 2023

A new tiger beetle species, Cicindela timbisha Duran, Chambers, Nelson & Roman n. sp., of the tribe Cicindelini, is described from the Death Valley ecoregion of eastern California, USA. It is most similar to C. senilis G.Horn, 1866 but is distinguished on the basis of multiple morphological characteristics, including differences in maculations, chaetotaxy of the antennae and a statistically significant difference in body size (P<0.001). The new species also differs from C. senilis in that it is found in an isolated freshwater spring in an inland basin east of the Sierra Nevada mountains, whereas C. senilis is found in saline soils, primarily coastal areas and inland plains, west of the Sierra Nevada range.
How Post-Immunization COVID-19 Context Affected Residents’ Evacuation Behavior during Hurricane Ida
Authors: Polen Amy , Collins Jennifer , Dunn Elizabeth , Murphy Stephen , Jernigan Isabelle , McSweeney Killian , Zhu Yi-Jie
Published: May 2023

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, decision-making during disasters fundamentally changed to accommodate the combined risks of hurricanes and infectious diseases. Prior research conducted in 2020 by Collins et al. examined how individuals changed their intended evacuation decision-making during the pandemic or their actual evacuation decisions during Hurricanes Laura and Sally. Hurricane Ida provided further data on evacuation decision-making when vaccinations and masks were widely available. A digital survey was disseminated to individuals affected by Hurricane Ida in 2021. Respondents provided information about their actual evacuation choices and perceptions of public shelters and COVID-19 risks. In comparison with the 2020 hurricane season, more individuals have reduced negative perceptions of hurricane shelters. However, individuals were less likely to utilize public shelters than in the 2020 season, with 11.4% more individuals stating they would definitely or probably avoid using shelters in 2021. Fewer individuals identified that COVID-19 was a primary reason they chose to stay home during Hurricane Ida (19.5% as compared with 86.8% during Hurricanes Laura and Sally). Furthermore, respondents with health risks for severe COVID-19 symptoms were no more likely to evacuate than those respondents who had no health risks. Potentially, as the pandemic progressed and vaccine availability and COVID-19 management improved, COVID-19 has had less impact on evacuation decision-making. The results from this work should guide planners in emergency management and public health in future hurricane seasons and future pandemics or other outbreaks to anticipate behavior changes and properly manage infectious disease threats.
User Perceptions of AI-Based Comment Filtering Technology
Authors: Oh Yu Won , Park Chong Hyun
Published: May 2023

As artificial intelligence (AI)-powered technology enables the efficient processing of large volumes of comments, more companies, including news publications, are experimenting with and adopting AI moderation to manage their commenting platforms. However, the resulting user experiences have been largely underexplored in relation to these technical advances in comments section management. This study used an experiment to examine the impact of AI filters on individuals’ perceptions about comments sections (i.e., bias, credibility, positive and negative affect, and use intention). The findings indicate that AI moderation had statistically significant impacts on perceived credibility and use intention. Beyond the main effects, priming with a deceptive comment issue moderated the impacts of comment filtering on user perceptions as well.
Identification of Glucose-6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficient Patients Using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Using Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis in Aqueous Blood Samples
Authors: Martin Miguela , Wongwattanakul Molin , Khemtonglang Noppmats , Kiatchoosakun Pakaphan , Heraud Philip , Jearanaikoon Patcharee , Wood Bayden R.
Published: May 2023

Glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked blood disease that affects 400 million people globally and is especially prevalent in malaria-endemic regions. A significant portion of carriers are asymptomatic and undiagnosed posing complications in the eradication of malaria as it restricts the types of drugs used for malaria treatment. A simple and accurate diagnosis of the deficiency is vital in the eradication of malaria. In this study, we investigate the potential of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) as a diagnostic technique for G6PD deficiency. Venous blood samples were collected in lithium heparin anticoagulant tubes from G6PD partial and fully deficient volunteers, n  =  17, and normal volunteers, n  =  59, in Khon Kaen, Thailand. Spectra of aqueous and dry samples were acquired of whole blood, plasma, and red blood cells, and modeled using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). PLS-DA modeling resulted in a sensitivity of 0.800 and specificity of 0.800 correctly classifying fully deficient participants as well as a majority of partially deficient females who are often misdiagnosed as normal by current screening methods. The viability of utilizing aqueous samples has always been hindered by the variability of hydration in the sample, but by employing multicurve curve resolution-alternating least squares to subtract water from each sample we are able to produce high-quality spectra with minimized water contributions. The approach shows proof of principle that ATR FT-IR combined with multivariate data analysis could become a frontline screening tool for G6PD deficiency by improving tailored drug treatments and ultimately saving lives.
Maternal Awareness of Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants and Children Up to the Age of 6 Years: A Cross-sectional Study in Jordan
Authors: Al-Qudah Safa’a Ali , Abu-Hussein Leyla A. A. , Al Sbaihi Samar
Published: May 2023

Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide health problem. The current study aims to evaluate mothers’ habits and knowledge regarding vitamin D deficiency in kids up to the age of 6. A questionnaire was made available online among mothers of children between 0 and 6 years. Most mothers (65.7%) were aged between 30 and 40 years. Sunlight was identified as the main source of vitamin D by most participants (89.1%), while fish and eggs were reported to be the main dietary sources of vitamin D by most participants (63.7% and 65.2%, respectively). Most participants identified the benefits of vitamin D, risk factors, and complications of vitamin D deficiency. The majority (86.4%) think they need more information on vitamin D deficiency in children. A moderate knowledge level was reported among more than half of the participants although there was inadequate knowledge in certain domains of vitamin D knowledge. More education is required for mothers about vitamin D deficiency.
Canada’s Shift Towards the Indo-Pacific: Economic and Trade Aspects
Authors: Verma Shubham
Published: May 2023

Canada had always been considered as an Atlantic nation because of its strong traditional ties with the Europe. The paper is an attempt to analyse this conception of Canada and it tries to establish Canada as a Pacific nation. It primarily focuses on Canada’s economic and trade ties with the Asian and Pacific countries. The paper investigates the earlier Asia Pacific constructs and attempts to explain the gradual shift towards the construct of Indo Pacific. It also underlies the subtle difference between the two constructs. In an attempt to establish this the paper focuses on Canada’s potential to develop an Indo Pacific construct which is based on its position of rule of law and liberal internationalism and cooperation with like minded countries. The paper analyses Canada’s position in the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans Pacific Partnership and how this could help Canada to justify and develop its Indo Pacific narrative.
Use of “demonstration farm” videos to affect attitude change toward animal welfare on beef, egg, and fish farms in China
Authors: Yang Yifei , Liu Tianxu , Nilsson Danielle , Hartcher Kate , Shih Hao-Yu , Wu Zhong-Hong , Liu Zhong-Ying , Sinclair Michelle , Samayoa Xochitl , Henning Kate , Descovich Kris
Published: May 2023

“Demonstration farms” can disseminate knowledge on farming practices and help to promote animal welfare. When on-farm visits are impractical, remote demonstrations are a feasible alternative. This study used videos of higher welfare beef, fish and free-range egg farms in China. It aimed to determine whether the videos affected attitudes and intentions toward animal welfare and whether such videos are useful training tools. Participants indicated a high acceptability of demonstration farm videos for learning about their industry and the needs of animals. Videos shifted participant attitudes toward animal welfare, but only when actively engaged in rating the farm on specific characteristics. Attitude changes suggested participants gained a greater understanding of animal welfare, a greater intention to improve on-farm welfare, and more confidence in peer support for welfare innovations after viewing the video. The findings indicate videos of demonstration farms are useful for remote training but passive viewing may be insufficient to create change, and outcomes should be monitored for success.
The Relationship Between Exercise, Cathepsin B, and Cognitive Functions: Systematic Review
Authors: Gökçe Evrim , Gün Neslişah
Published: May 2023

Exercise has been shown repeatedly to improve cognitive functions. Many investigators have reported that peripheral signal molecules play an important role in regulating exercise-induced cognitive improvement. In this review we aimed to evaluate and clarify the literature to date that has focused on the relationship between Cathepsin B, cognitive functions, and exercise. We conducted a systematic review of the following databases from their inception until 10 April 2022: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database. The search strategy was comprised of (“cathepsin b”) AND (exercise OR “physical activity”) AND (cognit*). We followed three different quality appraisal tools to ensure the quality of the included studies. Eight studies assessing the effects of exercise on peripheral Cathepsin B levels and cognitive outcomes were included. Half of these studies indicated that exercise increased peripheral Cathepsin B levels and improved cognitive function. Further carefully designed studies focusing on the effects of exercise on peripheral Cathepsin B levels and cognitive performance are needed to better comprehend the underlying mechanisms of these relationships.
Moderating Impact of Dispositional Mindfulness in the Relationship Between Future Expectancies and Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Erguler Hasan , Ferreira Nuno , Adonis Marios , Koushiou Maria
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Mindfulness has been studied under cultivated or dispositional divisions where the latter has strong implications for psychological well-being in meditators and non-meditators alike. In addition, future expectations, or prospections, regarding the occurrence of important events in a person’s future have recently been hypothesized to be the main cause behind symptoms of major depression. There is, however, a lack of empirical research looking at possible links between dispositional mindfulness, as understood in its facet structure, and future expectations as understood via perceived risk of occurrence and vividness of mental imagery when prompted to imagine a given list of positive and negative prospective event item lists. Therefore, this research aimed at examining how dispositional mindfulness may be related to probabilistic risk assessments of positive and negative future events (Stage I); and how mental imagery vividness may be moderated by mindfulness facets (Stage II).

Methods

Both stages included healthy participants and incorporated the PROCESS macro for moderated regression analysis done with the SPSS software. Stage I included 204 voluntary college students, and Stage II was conducted online with a public sample of 110 adults.

Results

Although no interaction effect was found in Stage I, nonreactivity to inner experience facet of dispositional mindfulness moderated the relationship between negative imagery vividness and psychological distress in Stage II (F(1,103) = 4.00, R2 change=.018, p <.05).

Conclusions

This is a novel finding that could inform a future line of research looking into the relationship between prospection and mindfulness, holding a potential for informing research on mindfulness-based interventions.
Law and political Islam’s transformations: Egyptian Islamists and the notions of a civil state and a religious party
Authors: STEUER Clément , BLOUËT Alexis , BOURAS Naïma
Published: May 2023

Two notions have been at the center of the Egyptian constitutional debates since 2011: the ‘civil state’ and the ‘religious party’. The Muslim Brothers have played on the ambiguity of the notion of a ‘civil state’ as being neither secular nor theocratic, just as their understanding of an Islamic state. The Salafi al-Nūr Party has long refused to embrace the notion. Nevertheless, in 2019 it obtained from the Parliament’s Speaker a definition close to the one defended by the Muslim Brothers and endorsed it as a victory against the secular interpretation of the term. The same ambiguity appears regarding the notion of a ‘religious party’. The al-Nūr Party tried to prevent the interdiction of such parties in the 2014 Constitution. At the same time, it distances itself from the notion, and abides by the law, including Christian members, presenting female candidates, and organically separating political and religious activities.
Development of a Heart Rate Variability Prediction Equation Through Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Using Physical Characteristics and Heart Rate Variables
Authors: Kim Sung-Woo , Park Hun-Young , Jung Hoeryong , Park Sin-Ae , Lim Kiwon
Published: May 2023

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an effective tool for objectively evaluating physiological stress indices in psychological states. This study aimed to develop multiple linear regression equations to predict HRV variables using physical characteristics, body composition, and heart rate (HR) variables (eg, sex, age, height, weight, body mass index, fat-free mass, percent body fat, resting HR, maximal HR, and HR reserve) in Korean adults. Six hundred eighty adults (male, n = 236, female, n = 444) participated in this study. HRV variable estimation multiple linear regression equations were developed using a stepwise technique. The regression equation’s coefficient of determination for time-domain variables was significantly high (SDNN = adjusted R2: 73.6%, P < .001; RMSSD = adjusted R2: 84.0%, P < .001; NN50 = adjusted R2: 98.0%, P < .001; pNN50 = adjusted R2: 99.5%, P < .001). The coefficient of determination of the regression equation for the frequency-domain variables was high without VLF (TP = adjusted R2: 75.0%, P < .001; LF = adjusted R2: 77.6%, P < .001; VLF = adjusted R2: 30.1%, P < .001; HF = adjusted R2: 71.3%, P < .001). Healthcare professionals, researchers, and the general public can quickly evaluate their psychological conditions using the HRV variables prediction equation.
On the Production of Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA) Compounds with Metallic Stearates Based on Zinc, Magnesium and Cobalt. Investigation of Torque Rheometry and Thermal Properties
Authors: Cordeiro Edson Souza , Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , da Silva Renata Arcelino , Ramos Wellen Renate Maria , de Carvalho Laura Hecker , de Souza Dayanne Diniz
Published: May 2023

The addition effects of zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), and magnesium (Mg) based metallic stearates into poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix were investigated through torque rheometry, thermogravimetry (TG) and in the Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). PLA compounds/metallic stearates were processed using an internal laboratory mixer with 0.25 wt% Zn, Co, and Mg. Torque rheometry results indicated that PLA/stearate compounds showed higher thermomechanical degradation during processing related to PLA. PLA viscosity is reduced upon stearates addition, especially in the compound with Zn. This behavior suggested PLA chain scission in the presence of metallic stearates during processing, corroborating the decrease in the torque plots. PLA/Zn started to lose weight at lower temperatures than the other compounds, indicating higher pro-oxidant potential. It was observed that Co and Zn significantly reduced the glass transition temperature (Tg), as well as PLA’s crystalline parameters, which suggests PLA’s molecular scission during processing, heading to greater flexibility and reducing Tg. Zn stearate was the most aggressive to PLA’s thermomechanical degradation, suggesting a stronger pro-degradant effect.
Reconstruction of Adult Tubular Esophageal Duplication with Supraclavicular Artery Island Flap: A Rare Case Presentation
Authors: Yang Xin , Jiang Zheng , Liu Jun , Chen Fei
Published: May 2023

Adult esophageal duplication (ED) is a rare congenital anomaly that is rarely encountered in clinical practice. There have been only a few reported cases of adult tubular esophageal duplication. A patient presented with symptoms of odynophagia and dysphagia. Upon examination, gastroscopy and X-ray contrast imaging revealed the formation of a fistula in the upper esophagus that connected to a sinus tract running along the esophagus. After managing the initial infection, an open surgery was performed. The esophageal tubular duplication was removed and the defect was reconstructed using a supraclavicular artery island (SAI) flap. The post-operative recovery was uneventful and the patient’s odynophagia and dysphagia were relieved. In conclusion, ED can be effectively diagnosed through esophagogram and gastroscopy. Surgical excision is currently the preferred treatment option, and the use of the SAI flap technique shows great promise in reconstructing the esophageal defect after surgery.
Effect of dysmorphic plantar arch on venous hemodynamics of the lower limb
Authors: Tsimba Laure , Rastel Didier , Dechandon Emilie , Vincent Patrick , Micholet Céline , Chaigneau Cyril , Avril Stéphane , Aguirre Miquel
Published: May 2023

Background

The role of the plantar venous pump (PVP) on venous return is evident but the effects of the foot morphology have never been characterized properly.

Method

52 healthy volunteers—26 with normal plantar arch (control) and 26 with dysmorphic plantar arch (in two subgroups: 13 flat feet, 13 hollow feet)—were included. Using Doppler ultrasound, we measured the diameter and the peak systolic velocity in the large veins of the lower limb after PVP stimulation by manual compression and bodyweight transfer.

Result

The mean peak systolic velocity of the studied veins varied from 12.2 cm/s to 41.7 cm/s in the control group and from 10.9 cm/s to 39.1 cm/s in the dysmorphic plantar group. The foot arch morphology did not affect significantly the venous blood flows, except in the great saphenous vein during manual compression.

Conclusion

The plantar morphology did not induce a significant increase of venous blood velocity resulting from PVP stimulation.
The effectiveness of the anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy infliximab in neuro-Behçet’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mohammed Reem Hamdy A , Woldeamanuel Yohannes W
Published: May 2023

Objective

To study the effectiveness of infliximab for the treatment of refractory central neuro-Behçet’s disease.

Methods

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the research question was designed using the ‘Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcomes’ (PICO) model and the search methodology was developed according to the PRISMA statement. The study was registered on PROSPERO. Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for articles published in English between January 2000 and January 2020. Data were analysed using Meta-Essentials software, version 10.12. Treatment effect size was determined by a random effects model. Interstudy heterogeneity was explored using I2 statistics. Cumulative meta-analysis was conducted to assess the temporal trend for accumulating evidence.

Results

Twenty-one studies, comprising 64 patients (mean age, 38 .21 years and mean disease duration, 84.76 months) were included. Effect-size analysis showed that 93.7% of the treated patients in the analysis were responders to infliximab therapy (95% confidence interval 0.88, 0.993). There was no significant inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). Cumulative analysis showed accumulating evidence favoring increasing effectiveness over the last 20 years.

Conclusion

Infliximab showed considerable therapeutic effectiveness in the treatment of refractory neuro-Behçet’s disease.
Epstein–Barr virus-associated poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Huang Xiao-Peng , Li Hai-Hong , Chen Ze-Tan
Published: May 2023

Primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated poorly differentiated nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma (NAC) is an extremely rare tumor. In this study, we report a case of EBV-associated poorly differentiated NAC in a 35-year-old man who presented with a clogging sensation in the right ear for 1 month. The first biopsy of the nasopharynx was suggestive of nonkeratinizing carcinoma with weak positivity for CK5/6 and p63. Based on magnetic resonance imaging of the nasopharynx and neck, chest computed tomography, abdominal ultrasound, and whole-body bone scan, the patient was diagnosed with T3N2M0 disease. After the patient received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, concurrent chemoradiotherapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy, partial remission was observed. However, reassessment after 7 months of treatment revealed tumor enlargement. Transnasal endoscopic resection was performed to remove the nasopharyngeal tumor. The postoperative immunostaining results were as follows: CK5/6 (−), p63 (−), MOC31 (+), and Ber-EP4 (+). Meanwhile, EBV-encoded RNA in situ hybridization was positive. A final diagnosis of EBV-associated poorly differentiated NAC was made. Then, the patient received chemotherapy and irradiation but died several months later because of disease progression. Our patient presented with highly malignant EBV-associated poorly differentiated NAC insensitive to chemoradiotherapy with a short survival time of 27 months.
Comparative Assessment of Success Rate Between Silver Nanoparticle Coated and Uncoated Infra-zygomatic Bone Screws: A Split-Mouth Study
Authors: MK Anushree , AV Arun , CM Mahesh , Reddy Vinay P. , Shetty Balamohan , Joshi Naveen
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In orthodontic treatment, infra-zygomatic crest screws have been effectively used in the correction of borderline skeletal malocclusion. The success of bone screws depends on factors such as biomechanical factors, placement technique, and microbial factors. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the success rate as well as assess the microbiota of silver nanoparticle coated and uncoated infra zygomatic crest (IZC) screws on clinical application.

Method

A sample of 36 stainless steel IZC screws was divided into 2 groups. Group I- Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coated (n = 18) and group II uncoated (n = 18). A total of 18 patients (4 male, 14 female; mean age 22.58±3.52) received IZC screws (coated or uncoated) via a double-blind, split-mouth design. The success rate was evaluated based on the stability of IZC screws. And also molecular analysis was carried out using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism complemented with cloning and identification of species.

Results

The success rate was higher in group I (77.80%) than in group II (50.00%). The mean rank for terminal restriction fragments in AgNP coated group (14.92%) was significantly lower than the uncoated group (22.08%) (P<0.05). The cloning results revealed a major difference in the predominant species composition between AgNP-coated (Prevotella oris sp.) and uncoated IZC screw (Capnocytophaga leadbetteri).

Conclusion

The success rate for AgNP-coated IZC screws was higher compared to uncoated screws, while predominant bacteria present in coated and uncoated samples were found to be of different biological significance which needs to be explored subsequently.
Exploring Tree-Based Machine Learning Models to Estimate the Ultimate Pile Capacity From Cone Penetration Test Data
Authors: Shoaib Mohammad Moontakim , Abu-Farsakh Murad Y.
Published: May 2023

Several approaches have been developed to estimate the ultimate capacity of piles, such as static and dynamic load tests, static analysis from soil borings, and directly utilizing in-situ test results. Recently, there has been increased interest in using in-situ cone penetration test (CPT) to estimate pile capacity. Several analytical pile-CPT methods have been developed, which involve several correlation assumptions that can affect their accuracy. In this paper, three tree-based machine learning (ML) models, namely decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and gradient boosted tree (GBT), are developed for estimating the ultimate capacity of piles from CPT data. A database that contains 80 pile load tests and associated CPT data collected in Louisiana was used to develop these ML models. The measured ultimate pile capacity (Qm) was determined using Davisson’s interpretation method from the load–settlement curve of each pile load test. Among the developed ML models, GBT demonstrated the most accurate ML model compared with the others. The estimation of ultimate pile capacity from the GBT model is compared with those obtained from the four best-performing direct pile-CPT methods (based on a previous study): the University of Florida (UF), probabilistic, European Regional Technical Committee 3 (ERTC3), and Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC) methods. The GBT and pile-CPT methods were evaluated and ranked based on analysis of multiple statistical criteria. The results clearly showed that the GBT model outperforms the four direct pile-CPT methods for estimating the ultimate capacity of piles.
Modernity and collective subjectivity in Marcel Gauchet
Authors: Hewson Mark T.
Published: May 2023

This article examines Marcel Gauchet’s claim that the political history of religion is the key to a new understanding of contemporary liberal democratic societies in the shape that they have come to assume since the 1970s. The Disenchantment of the World presents a history of religion starting out from the thesis that, from the perspective of universal history, the primary function of religion can be identified with the production of the unity and identity of societies. Present-day liberal democracies, it is argued, perform the same function through an alternative disposition of the constitutive elements of collective life. Where religions institute the identity of the society by accepting dependence upon a supernatural origin, contemporary society is organized as a ‘subjective form of social functioning’, in the sense that it is able to create and transform itself. Gauchet argues that the central structural features of contemporary society – the administrative state, the separation of civil society and the freedom of individuals, and the global orientation to the future – allow the practical accomplishment of the ideal of autonomy announced by the tradition of modern and revolutionary political thought. The explication of this logic establishes the preconditions for the criticism of these societies, by showing the historical decision and the internal articulations that give them their cohesion.
Prediction of oxygen distribution in the waste mass from an aeration well in bioreactor landfills
Authors: Zhu Lei , Jin Jiaxu , Liu Lei , Gao Tengfei , Li Ruoxin , Du Yuelin
Published: May 2023

The key to upgrade the efficiency of aerobic remediation of landfills is to determine the distribution characteristics of oxygen concentration during aerobic ventilation. This study discusses the distribution law of oxygen concentration with time and radial distance based on a single-well aeration test at an old landfill site. The transient analytical solution of the radial oxygen concentration distribution was deduced using the gas continuity equation and approximation of calculus and logarithmic functions. Oxygen concentration data from the field monitoring were compared with the results predicted by the analytical solution. The results indicated that the oxygen concentration initially increased and then decreased with prolonged aeration time. With an increase in radial distance, the oxygen concentration rapidly declined, followed by a gradual decrease. The influence radius of the aeration well increased slightly when the aeration pressure increased from 2 to 20 kPa. The field test data agreed with the analytical solution prediction results, preliminarily verifying the reliability of the oxygen concentration prediction model. Results from this study provide a basis of guidelines for the design, operation and maintenance management of a landfill aerobic restoration project.
Factor Structure of the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory in Youth on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: McCrimmon Adam W. , Bernier Abdullah S. , McLeod Justin , Pagaling Rachel , Montgomery Janine Newton , Kingston Sydney , Nordstokke David
Published: May 2023

Examination of emotional intelligence (EI) of autistic individuals has gained popularity. These efforts have included the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory, Youth Version (BarOn EQ-i YV); however, this measure was not standardized with this population and so its utility and the accuracy of its factor structure for this population is questionable. This study examined how well the factor structure as represented by a sample of autistic children and youth aligns with that described in the measure’s technical manual to clarify considerations for use. Results indicate poor metrics of model fit. Some factors were significantly correlated, though this was attenuated somewhat upon correction for multiple analyses. Two items from the interpersonal factor were negatively loaded, suggesting they should be subtracted from other items in that factor (in contrast to the standardized model). Implications for EI construct validity, understanding of EI in autism, and use of EI measures for this population are discussed.
Sleep Characteristics in Pediatric Anti–N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gombolay Grace , Morris Morgan , Loerinc Leah , Blackwell Laura , Howarth Robyn
Published: May 2023

Background: Rates of sleep problems in children with anti –N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis are unknown. Methods: We used a retrospective observational cohort database of children with a diagnosis of NMDA receptor encephalitis at a single freestanding institution. One-year outcomes were assessed with the pediatric modified Rankin Score (mRS), with 0 to 2 as good and 3 or greater as poor outcome. Results: Ninety-five percent (39/41) of children with NMDA receptor encephalitis had sleep dysfunction at onset; 34% (11/32) reported sleep problems at 1 year. Sleep problems at onset and propofol use were not associated with poor outcomes at 1 year. Poor sleep at 1 year correlated with mRS scores (range 2-5) at 1 year. Discussion: High rates of sleep dysfunction occur in children with NMDA receptor encephalitis. Persistent sleep problems at 1 year may correlate with outcomes as assessed by mRS at 1 year. Further studies comparing the relationship of poor sleep with outcomes in NMDA receptor encephalitis are needed.
The Experiences of Teacher Candidates With Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Strimel Morgan M. , Nagro Sarah A. , Baker Pamela H. , Thoma Colleen A.
Published: May 2023

Despite the availability of disability resource centers and reasonable accommodations to facilitate access among teacher candidates with disabilities, research has shown that access alone may not be conducive to equitable educational experiences that promote program retention and completion. The purpose of this systematic review of the literature was to synthesize existing research on the experiences of teacher candidates with disabilities in teacher preparation programs and present implications and future directions for research, policy, and practice in higher education disability resources and special education teacher preparation to advance both access and equity in these settings. Results from five total articles showed that teacher candidates with disabilities experienced several barriers to access in their teacher preparation programs that negatively impacted their personal and professional outcomes. The authors conclude with a discussion of future directions for research, policy, and practice in both special education teacher preparation and higher education disability resources.
Commonality and Variation in How Special Education Faculty Teach Classroom Management
Authors: Youngs Peter , Hirsch Shanna E. , Nagro Sarah , Kennedy Michael
Published: May 2023

Research demonstrates a clear link between implementing proactive classroom management practices and positive student outcomes. Thus, it is important to examine how teachers are prepared to enact such practices. In this qualitative study, the authors draw on interviews with 35 special education faculty members at 32 institutions of higher education (IHEs) to investigate how they helped teacher candidates acquire classroom management knowledge and skills. Their analyses reveal striking similarities with regard to participants’ course content and assessments. There is considerable variation, though, in participants’ use of research-based pedagogical practices in teaching classroom management. Most participants who use two or more research-based pedagogical practices place a strong emphasis on providing candidates with foundational knowledge about special education and/or addressing three or more inter-related classroom management topics in their work with candidates. In contrast, participants who use zero or one research-based pedagogical practices are more likely to rely on practical experience in teaching classroom management.
Hospitalizations, Emergency Department Visits, and Home Health Use Among Older Adults With Sensory Loss
Authors: Wallace Laura G. , Hirschman Karen B. , Huang Liming , Cacchione Pamela Z. , Naylor Mary D.
Published: May 2023

Objectives: This study examines healthcare resource use (hospitalizations, emergency department [ED] visits, and home health episodes) among adults 65 and older diagnosed with hearing, vision, or dual sensory loss (SL) seen in the primary care setting of an academic health system. Methods: Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between SL (identified using ICD-10 codes) and healthcare resource use for 45,000 primary care patients. Results: The sample included 5.5% ( N = 2479) with hearing loss, 10.4% ( N = 4697) with vision loss, and 1.0% with dual SL ( N = 469). Hearing loss increased the likelihood of having an ED visit (OR = 1.22, CI: 1.07–1.39), and home health services (OR = 1.27, CI: 1.07–1.51) compared to older adults without any SL. Vision loss reduced the likelihood of having a hospitalization (OR = .81, CI: .73–.91). Discussion: Findings support research into the drivers of healthcare use among older adults with sensory loss.
Fiat Lux: Light and Pedagogy for the 21st Century
Authors: Lech James C. , Halma Matthew T.J. , Obajuluwa Adejoke O. , Baker Malcolm , Hamblin Michael R.
Published: May 2023

Background

The relationship between the quality of the learning environment and student outcomes is receiving more serious attention from educational psychologists, neurologists, ophthalmologists, orthopedists, surgeons, oncologists, architects, ergonomists, nutritionists, and Michelin star chefs. There is a role for ergonomic office and school design to positively impact worker and student productivity, and one design attribute drawing attention is the indoor lit environment. In this review, we expand upon the role that light plays in education, as it has enabled millions of pupils to read at late hours, which were previously too dark. However, still unappreciated is the biological effects of artificial light on circadian rhythm and its subsequent impacts on health and learning outcomes.

This review describes the current state of light in the educational environment, its impact, and the effect of certain inexpensive and easy-to-implement adaptations to better support student growth, learning and development. We find that the current lighting environment for pupils is sub-optima based on biological mechanism and may be improved through cost effective interventions. These interventions can achieve greater biological harmonization and improve learner outcomes.

Key Message

The impact of the lighting environment in educational institutions on pupil biology has received minimal attention thus far. The current lighting environment in schools is not conducive to student health and educational performance. Cost-effective approaches can have an outsized impact on student health and educational attainment. We strongly recommend educational institutions take the lit environment into account when designing educational programs.
Addition of a Buccinator Musculomucosal Flap Improves Surgical Outcomes of Conventional two-Flap Palatoplasty: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yaguchi Kiichiro , Noguchi Masahiko , Fujita Kenya , Nagai Fumio , Yuzuriha Shunsuke
Published: May 2023

Objective

The surgical outcomes of novel two-flap palatoplasty adding a buccinator musculomucosal flap were compared with those of conventional two-flap palatoplasty to clarify the effects of lengthening the nasal mucosa of the soft palate using a BMMF in cleft lip and palate or cleft palate cases.

Design

Retrospective, comparative study

Setting

Tertiary, cleft team

Patients

Non-syndromic patients undergoing primary cleft palate repair using two-flap palatoplasty with BMMF (BMMF group) or conventional two-flap palatoplasty (non-BMMF group)

Interventions

Palatoplasty between January 2012 and March 2020

Main Outcome Measures

Perceptual Japanese speech evaluation, rate of an indication for additional speech surgery (AS), rate of incidence of oronasal fistula (IF) including spontaneously closing fistula, and rate of occurrence of oronasal fistula (OF) present for more than 3 months.

Results

Of 92 analyzed patients, 70 received two-flap palatoplasty with BMMF and 22 received two-flap palatoplasty. In the BMMF and non-BMMF groups, the respective percentage of hypernasality (no, mild) was 91.4% and 77.2%, no nasal emission was 71.4% and 63.6%, velopharyngeal function (competent, borderline competent) was 83.7% and 77.4%, intelligibility (very good, good) was 93.7% and 86.4%, AS was 1.4% and 13.6%, IF was 7.1% and 36.4%, and OF was 1.4% and 9.1%. Significant improvements were observed for AS (p  =  0.0412) and IF (p  =  0.00195) in the BMMF group, with no recorded major adverse effects.

Conclusion

Adding a BMMF on the nasal side of the soft palate to conventional two-flap palatoplasty significantly improved postoperative outcomes. This approach may therefore be a good option for cleft palate treatment.
“Your Skin Crawled Every Time He Touched You”: A Secondary Qualitative Analysis Exploring Bagwell-Gray's Taxonomy of Intimate Partner Sexual Violence
Authors: Tutty Leslie M. , Ogden Cindy , Nixon Kendra L.
Published: May 2023

Bagwell-Gray et al. developed a taxonomy of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) focusing on type of force (physical or nonphysical) and type of sexual activity (penetration or no penetration). The current secondary descriptive qualitative analysis of interviews with 89 Canadian women IPV victims assessed IPSV that fit Bagwell-Gray's taxonomy. About half (46 or 51.7%) described sexual violence, most commonly sexual abuse (26 or 29.2%), sexual assaults (17 or 19%), and sexual coercion (16 or 17.9%), with overlap across categories. Forced sexual activity was seldom mentioned (3 or 3.4%). Implications for service providers and researchers are provided.
Morphological and functional assessment of the tear film and meibomian glands in keratoconus
Authors: Uçakhan Ömür Ö. , Özcan Gökçen
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To evaluate morphological and functional state of the meibomian glands (MG) in keratoconus patients.

Methods

One hundred eyes of 100 keratoconus patients and 100 eyes of 100 age-matched control subjects were included into this study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores, non-invasive break up time (NIBUT), findings of meibography, staining with fluorescein of the ocular surface, tear film break-up time (TBUT), and Schirmer I test were documented in all patients’ eyes and control eyes and were compared between the groups .

Results

The mean TBUT and NIBUT were significantly lower, corneal staining and OSDI scores were statistically greater in the keratoconus group (p < 0.05). The mean meiboscore, partial gland, gland dropout and gland thickening scores for upper/lower eyelids were significantly greater in keratoconus patients than controls (p < 0.05). The NIBUT measurements significantly correlated with MG loss in upper/lower eyelids (p < 0.05). The severity of keratoconus seemed to correlate with meiboscore, partial gland, gland thickening scores in upper/lower eyelids.

Conclusion

Our data suggests that corneal ectasia in keratoconus is related with alterations in ocular surface, tear film function and MG morphology. Early screening and treatment of MG dysfunction may improve ocular surface quality and allow better disease management in keratoconus patients.
The impact of retro imagery on historic travel intentions
Authors: Schibik Aaron J. , Shields Peggy O. , Schibik Timothy J.
Published: May 2023

Popular travel destinations worldwide are often visited because they are historically significant. As such, many historic locations are promoted using historical imagery. While tourist attractions and travel destinations advertise based on their historical significance, few studies have looked at how the use of history impacts consumer perceptions of the aforementioned travel destinations. This paper examines how retro imagery in visual-based marketing appeals influences consumers’ desire to travel to popular tourist locations. The study reported here utilizes two experiments with a travel destination with a known association with retro imagery and nostalgic advertising.
Research on vibration mechanism of the low-to-medium-speed maglev train-track-at-ground-structure system
Authors: Wang Dangxiong , Li Xiaozhen
Published: May 2023

The at-ground-structure supports the maglev track on the subgrade segment and receives the subgrade’s equally distributed elastic support to ensure the holding track running of the maglev train. A complicated maglev train-track-at-ground-structure coupled system is produced, negatively affecting the stable operation of the train. To explore the vibration mechanism, an elaborate maglev train-track-at-ground-structure coupled system was established considering active levitation control, and field tests confirmed the reliability of the numerical method. Firstly, the natural frequencies of track-at-ground-structure were investigated. Then, characteristics of this coupled system were examined in terms of its dynamic interaction mechanism, dynamic response characteristics and vibration frequency spectrum distribution. Finally, the vehicle-induced resonance mechanism and anti-vibration methods of the at-ground-structure were analyzed. The results show that the high-frequency vibrations exist in both the F-rail and at-ground-structure obviously, and create varied wavelengths affecting the maglev train’s running stability. The high frequency resonance phenomena easily produce when loading frequency of neighboring levitation forces is near to fundamental frequency of at-ground-structure, and disappears while the two frequencies are avoided.
Labour market status and mortality risk: The Finnmark cohort study 1987–2017
Authors: Jakobsen Monika Dybdahl , Braaten Tonje
Published: May 2023

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate the age-varying mortality risk associated with different labour market status categories.

Methods:

Data from a population-based survey carried out among adults aged 30–62 years in Finnmark in 1987/1988 were linked to the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry to identify all deaths occurring by December 2017. We used flexible parametric survival models to examine the age-varying associations between different labour market status categories (no paid work/homemaker, part-time work, full-time work, unemployment benefits, sick leave/rehabilitation allowance, and disability pension) and mortality.

Results:

Men with part-time work, unemployment benefits, sick leave/rehabilitation allowance, or disability pension had an increased mortality risk compared with men with full-time work; however, these findings were restricted to ages below 60–70 years, varying with labour market status category. For women, excess mortality was linked to disability pension in the younger age groups; in older age groups it was linked to the labour market status category no paid work/homemaker. Non-employment was associated with low education level compared with full-time employment.

Conclusions:

The study showed increased mortality risk for some non-employment categories, with decreasing relative risk with age. Our findings suggest that the increased mortality risk is partly explained by health, pre-existing illnesses, and health-related behaviour and partly by other factors, such as social network and economic factors.