bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-signal regulation of the GSK-3β homolog Rim11 governs meiosis entry in yeast
Authors: Kociemba Johanna , Jørgensen Andreas Christ Sølvsten , Tadic Nika , Harris Anthony , Sideri Theodora , Chan Wei Yee , Ibrahim Fairouz , Unal Elcin , Skehel Mark , Shahrezaei Vahid , Arguello-Miranda Orlando , van Werven Folkert J.
Published: September 2023

Starvation of budding yeast diploid cells induces the cell-fate program that drives meiosis and spore formation. Transcription activation of early meiotic genes (EMGs) requires the transcription activator Ime1, its DNA-binding partner Ume6, and GSK-3β kinase Rim11. Phosphorylation of Ume6 by Rim11 is key for EMG activation. We report that Rim11 integrates multiple input signals to control Ume6 phosphorylation and EMG transcription. Under nutrient-rich conditions PKA represses Rim11 to low levels while TORC1 keeps Rim11 localized to the cytoplasm. Inhibiting PKA and TORC1 induces Rim11 expression and nuclear localization. Remarkably, nuclear Rim11 is required, but not sufficient, for Rim11-dependent Ume6 phosphorylation. Additionally, Ime1 is an essential anchor protein for phosphorylating Ume6. Subsequently, Ume6-Ime1 coactivator complexes form that drive EMG transcription. Our results demonstrate how varied signalling inputs (PKA/TORC1/Ime1) integrated by Rim11 determine EMG expression and entry into meiosis. We propose that the signalling-regulatory network described here generates robustness in cell-fate control.
Decoding corruption in Brazilian construction multinationals
Authors: Barboza Tania , Da Rocha Angela
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate whether firms involved in a major corruption scandal, with broad ramifications across several emerging and advanced markets, design the content of their corporate codes of conduct to either improve corporate ethical standards and practices or merely manipulate the impression of stakeholders.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts an impression management perspective. It uses content analysis techniques to examine the codes of conduct adopted by seven Brazilian engineering and construction multinationals accused of corruption. The analysis covered five major themes: (1) forms of corruption, (2) values or principles, (3) interested parties, (4) procedures and routines and (5) punitive action.

Findings

The study provides detailed evidence that the codes of conduct adopted by these firms are mere artifices that aimed at meeting legal requirements but do not target the relevant corporate audience involved in grand corruption. At best, such a code may impede petty and bureaucratic corruption.

Originality/value

This research contributes to improving the understanding of how Latin American multinationals adopted codes of conduct after a major scandal and how they failed—at least to some extent—to design codes complying with established corporate governance principles. It shows that management manipulated the impression of stakeholders by selectively adopting or omitting certain terms, examining or concealing various issues and addressing mainly petty crimes rather than grand corruption. It also identifies areas where Western ethical values conflict with established practices and cultural norms in Latin America.
The effect of self-construal on solo dining intentions: an empirical study of Chinese consumers
Authors: Yan An , Ren Zhanzhi , Pei Feng , Zhu Xiaoxi
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine the effect of self-construal on solo dining intentions and its underlying mechanism through consumer emotions. Furthermore, the study also investigates the moderating effect of the composition of other diners on the relationship between self-construal and solo dining intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

A 2 (self-construal: independent vs interdependent) × 2 (other diners: solo diners vs social diners) between-subjects experimental design was adopted to test the hypotheses. The data were collected from 317 Chinese consumers, followed by an analysis using IBM SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0.

Findings

The findings indicate that consumers with an independent self-construal are more likely to have the intention to dine alone at a restaurant. Nevertheless, this effect is contingent upon the composition of other diners. The effect is significant only when nearby diners are social diners, and perceived enjoyment partly mediates the relationship. Conversely, when nearby diners are also solo diners, consumers' self-construals do not significantly affect their solo dining intentions. Moreover, the results indicate that consumers generally experience low levels of perceived stress when dining alone.

Originality/value

This study incorporates individual personality traits into research on solo diners and highlights the crucial role of positive emotions in solo dining, which provides insights for relevant enterprises to develop effective marketing strategies.
A performance-driving model for public-sector construction framework procurement in England
Authors: Lam Terence Y.M. , Gale Keith S.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

Construction frameworks are recognised by the UK Government as an integrated procurement path to deliver efficiency, collaboration and sustainability. This research paper aims to develop a performance-driving model for framework procurement to align with the government construction policy objectives.

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the causal relationships between project outcomes and performance drivers. A successive qualitative multiple-case study involving eight typical construction framework projects was examined to further explain casual relationships.

Findings

Conclusive results from the quantitative and qualitative analyses validated the performance-driving model, generalising a framework procurement principle that project outcomes of time, cost, quality, sustainability and closer relationships are significantly driven by supplier's task and contextual performance drivers, and client's organisational drivers.

Research limitations/implications

The investigation followed two major public-sector organisations in the UK: infrastructure offices of local authorities and estate offices of universities. Further research should be extended to other public-sector situations to enhance the model further.

Practical implications

Using this model, framework managers can drive project outcomes by applying task and contextual performance drivers in order to select the best suppliers at the procurement phase, and by adopting the client's organisational factors at both procurement and construction monitoring phases.

Social implications

The empirical evidence supports the use of frameworks by public sector policymakers as a key strategy to develop the performance drivers further and improve efficiency and quality outcomes.

Originality/value

The results will be of value to support the policy of public-sector works organisations contemplating using framework procurement for executing continuing construction activities.
Decent work in tourism and hospitality – a systematic literature review, classification, and research recommendations
Authors: Wang Danni , Cheung Catherine
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study aims to present the evolution of decent work studies. Findings point to several directions for future research efforts, including conceptualizing decent work and the pandemic’s associated impact. Results will help to guide government authorities to promote decent work by delivering fair income, increasing the stability and security of employment and monitoring employees’ work-life balance.

Design/methodology/approach

This review consists of knowledge mapping based on keywords from multidisciplinary studies on decent work and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) model on tourism and hospitality studies. First, keyword knowledge mapping was conducted in VOSviewer, resulting in 667 papers. Then, a PRISMA model generated a systematic review of the literature in tourism and hospitality based on 41 papers.

Findings

Knowledge mapping revealed six thematic clusters, namely, Labor Rights and Gender Equality, Sustainability and Health, Psychology of Working Theory, Conceptualization of Decent Work, Marginalized Groups and Unemployment and Job Quality. According to the PRISMA model, the conceptual evolution of decent work in tourism and hospitality can be divided into three stages: initial (1999–2008), emerging (2009–2018) and development (2019–present).

Research limitations/implications

Based on the findings, further interdisciplinary research into decent work is recommended. Scholars in the tourism and hospitality sector can incorporate other fields of decent work, such as psychology, to broaden the lens of studies to discover the role of meaning and purpose in the workplace and to promote the concept to its fullest extent. Furthermore, employees’ assessments of decent work might help businesses improve human resources management via corporate social responsibility measures.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first systematic review of decent work in tourism and hospitality. It shows that this notion is in its infancy, as most studies on the topic thus far have been empirical and descriptive. Nonetheless, most findings contribute to knowledge and practice by clarifying industry employment conditions.
Citizen participation as an organisational challenge in local government
Authors: Kurkela Kaisa , Kork Anna–Aurora , Jäntti Anni , Paananen Henna
Published: September 2023

Purpose

This study observes the organisational environment of fostering citizen participation in the context of local government. Creating systems of influential citizen participation requires the consideration of organisational prerequisites. This study asks which organisational elements contribute to successful citizen participation in local government.

Design/methodology/approach

The data consist of interviews with 14 key actors who work for the city of Helsinki. The interview content was subjected to abductive content analysis and reflected in the analytical framework based on previous literature on citizen participation. The analysis complements and adds insights to the existing literature.

Findings

This study illuminates three crucial elements of influential citizen participation: organisational structures, organisational culture and adequate resources. Additionally, the results revealed management to be a crucial enabling element. The findings highlight the importance of seeing citizen participation as an issue of governance and as a systemic part of the administration requiring intentional management efforts.

Originality/value

The study illustrates the key elements (structures, culture and resources) that should be considered when creating an influential citizen participation system. Additionally, the empirical analysis highlights the importance of management, which has been understudied in previous studies concerning citizen participation.
Young people's views and experiences of person‐centred planning: A systematic literature review
Authors: Gregory Richard , Atkinson Cathy
Published: September 2023

Person‐centred planning (PCP) is both a philosophy and method of service delivery across varied contexts. It is used in pathway planning for young people with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND) to promote positive transition outcomes. Due to idiosyncratic use, it is unclear how PCP meetings are organised and structured and to what extent this reflects fidelity to PCP as a philosophy. It is also unclear how young people experience PCP meetings and how this impacts transition. To explore this further, a systematic literature review was undertaken from which six studies were included and their data reported using PRISMA guidelines. Drawing upon Gestalt theory as an interpretive lens, findings from these studies suggest that PCP meetings comprise intersecting ‘foreground’ and ‘background’ elements, making PCP meetings a complex space requiring skilled facilitation. Limitations and recommendations for further research and practice are included.
A case report on multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency with severe myopathy and osteoporosis
Authors: Li Man , Lin Zong‐Han , Chen Ying‐Cheng , Lin Pan , Xie Yong Xin , Wei James Cheng‐Chung
Published: September 2023

A 35‐year‐old male patient presented fluctuating bilateral lower extremity weakness for 3 years. Physical examination showed grade 4 proximal muscle weakness in both lower extremities and grade 5 distal muscle weakness. Laboratory data revealed elevated creatine kinase, triglycerides, and cholesterol. Muscle pathology showed deposition of lipid droplet under the sarcolemma. Bone densitometry indicated severe osteoporosis. Next‐generation sequencing revealed a pathogenic mutation in the ETFDH gene. The patient was diagnosed with late‐onset multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. After riboflavin treatment, symptoms of the patient were relieved, physical endurance was restored, and bone mineral density was improved.
A socio‐ecological context moderates the association between communication skills and friendship satisfaction: Possible role of relational mobility
Authors: Fujiwara Ken , Takemura Kosuke
Published: September 2023

Good communication skills facilitate successful interpersonal relationships. However, the specific communication skills (encoding and decoding) required for establishing friendships can vary depending on aspects of the social context. We conducted a two‐wave longitudinal study in Japan to investigate the adaptive value of communication skills in different socio‐ecological contexts (i.e., different stages of university life). New college students are immersed in a high‐level relational mobility environment, where they have a greater range of options for forming new relationships and leaving old ones. Conversely, students beyond their second year experience less relational mobility. Cross‐lagged analyses indicated a positive association between decoding skill and friendship satisfaction 3 months later for senior students, who are likely to be in an environment characterised by low relational mobility. However, for first‐year students in a high‐relational‐mobility environment, the association was negative, supporting our hypothesis. Conversely, encoding skill did not demonstrate an association with satisfaction 3 months later. However, it was positively associated with satisfaction at each time point. Another cross‐lagged analysis revealed that satisfying relationships helped improve encoding skills. We further explore the socio‐ecological aspects related to the adaptive value of communication skills.
When intergroup contact correlates with gender‐prejudice beliefs of emerging adults
Authors: Endendijk Joyce J.
Published: September 2023

This study examined whether the contact emerging adults have with same‐gender and other‐gender friends, and other‐gender romantic partners is associated with their sexist and gender‐inequality beliefs, and whether these associations are moderated by their gender or gender contentedness (feeling content with one's gender). Dutch emerging adults (N = 381, 18–25 years old, 51% female) completed an online survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that more other‐gender contact was associated with less gender‐inequality beliefs and with less hostile sexism in people who felt less content with their gender, but with more hostile sexism in people who feel highly content with their gender. More same‐gender contact was associated with more benevolent sexism and gender‐inequality beliefs, as well as with men's hostile sexism. Contact with romantic partners was not associated with gender‐prejudice beliefs. Thus, same‐gender contact and other‐gender contact with friends each are associated with gender prejudice, depending on gender and gender contentedness.
Root vascular anatomy predicts maximum growth rates in savanna trees and grasses
Authors: Wargowsky Isabel K. , NeSmith Julienne E. , Gajjar Niki , Holdo Ricardo M.
Published: September 2023

Root‐based functional traits are relatively overlooked as drivers of savanna plant community dynamics, an important gap in water‐limited ecosystems. Recent work has shed light on patterns of trait coordination in roots, but less is known about the relationship between root functional traits, water acquisition, and plant demographic rates. Here, we investigated how fine‐root vascular and morphological traits are related in two dominant PFTs (C3 trees and C4 grasses from the savanna biome), whether root traits can predict plant relative growth rate (RGR), and whether root trait multivariate relationships differ in trees and grasses. We used root data from 21 tree and 18 grass species grown under greenhouse conditions, and quantified a suite of vascular and morphological root traits. We used a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify common axes of trait variation, compared trait correlation matrices between the two PFTs, and investigated the relationship between PCA axes and individual traits and RGR. We found that there was no clear single axis integrating vascular and morphological traits, but found that vascular anatomy predicted RGR in both trees and grasses. Trait correlation matrices differed in trees and grasses, suggesting potentially divergent patterns of trait coordination between the two functional types. Our results suggested that, despite differences in trait relationships between trees and grasses, root conductivity may constrain maximum growth rate in both PFTs, highlighting the critical role that water relations play in savanna vegetation dynamics and suggesting that root water transport capacity is an important predictor of plant performance in the savanna biome.
Treatment of dry age‐related macular degeneration: A review
Authors: Girgis Shenouda , Lee Lawrence R.
Published: September 2023

Age‐related macular degeneration is a global disease with a significant societal impact. The advent of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy (anti‐VEGF) has revolutionised the treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD). Dry age‐related macular degeneration (dAMD) is being investigated for possible therapeutic options. The therapeutic categories undergoing clinical trials include complement pathway inhibitors, visual cycle modulators, reduction of toxic byproducts, antioxidative therapy, neuroprotective agents, laser therapy, surgical options, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and miscellaneous treatments. Two intravitreal anti‐complement factors (pegcetacoplan and avacincaptad pegol) have recently shown phase 3 clinical trial evidence of a reduction in the growth of geographic atrophy. In this review, we provide an update on treatment options currently undergoing clinical research trials for the management of dAMD and preventing the progression of Geographic Atrophy (GA).
Novel devices for third‐space endoscopy procedures
Authors: Yang Dennis , Xiao Yasi , Draganov Peter V.
Published: September 2023

Third‐space endoscopy (TSE) is a subspecialty in interventional endoscopy that exploits the submucosa as a working space for the management of various gastrointestinal diseases. Over recent years, TSE has emerged as a viable alternative to surgery for the treatment of various conditions. The rapid dissemination and adoption of TSE has been largely supported by the advent of novel devices aimed to improve the efficacy and safety of these procedures. In this article, we review some of the recent developments in TSE devices and provide our initial experience with these instruments in clinical practice.
Long‐term effects of coronavirus disease 2019 on diabetes complications and mortality in people with diabetes: Two cohorts in the UK and Hong Kong
Authors: Wan Eric Yuk Fai , Mathur Sukriti , Zhang Ran , Lam Athene Hoi Ying , Wang Boyuan , Yan Vincent Ka Chun , Chui Celine Sze Ling , Li Xue , Wong Carlos King Ho , Lai Francisco Tsz Tsun , Cheung Ching Lung , Chan Esther Wai Yin , Tan Kathryn Choon Beng , Wong Ian Chi Kei
Published: September 2023

Aim

To evaluate the long‐term associations between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and diabetes complications and mortality, in patients with diabetes.

Materials and Methods

People with diabetes diagnosed with COVID‐19 infection (exposed group), from 16 March 2020 to 31 May 2021 from the UK Biobank (UKB cohort; n = 2456), and from 1 April 2020 to 31 May 2022 from the electronic health records in Hong Kong (HK cohort; n = 80 546), were recruited. Each patient was randomly matched with participants with diabetes but without COVID‐19 (unexposed group), based on age and sex (UKB, n = 41 801; HK, n = 391 849). Patients were followed for up to 18 months until 31 August 2021 for UKB, and up to 28 months until 15 August 2022 for HK. Characteristics between cohorts were further adjusted with Inverse Probability Treatment Weighting. Long‐term association of COVID‐19 with multi‐organ disease complications and all‐cause mortality after 21 days of diagnosis was evaluated by Cox regression.

Results

Compared with uninfected participants, patients with COVID‐19 infection with diabetes were consistently associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease [CHD]: hazard ratio [HR] [UKB]: 1.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.0, 2.4], HR [HK]: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.0, 1.5]; and stroke: HR [UKB]: 2.0 [95% CI: 1.1, 3.6], HR [HK]: 1.5 [95% CI: 1.3, 1.8]), microvascular disease (end stage renal disease: HR [UKB]: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.1, 4.0], HR [HK]: 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1, 1.4]) and all‐cause mortality (HR [UKB]: 4.6 [95% CI: 3.8, 5.5], HR [HK]: 2.6 [95% CI: 2.5, 2.8]), in both cohorts.

Conclusions

COVID‐19 infection is associated with long‐term increased risks of diabetes complications (especially cardiovascular complications, and mortality) in people with diabetes. Monitoring for signs/symptoms of developing these long‐term complications post‐COVID‐19 infection in the infected patient population of people with diabetes may be beneficial in minimizing their morbidity and mortality.
GRIN1 variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders reveal channel gating pathomechanisms
Authors: Ragnarsson Lotten , Zhang Zihan , Das Sooraj S. , Tran Poanna , Andersson Åsa , des Portes Vincent , Desmettre Altuzarra Cecilia , Remerand Ganaelle , Labalme Audrey , Chatron Nicolas , Sanlaville Damien , Lesca Gaetan , Anggono Victor , Vetter Irina , Keramidas Angelo
Published: September 2023

Objective

N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors are expressed at synaptic sites, where they mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission. NMDA receptors are critical to brain development and cognitive function. Natural variants to the GRIN1 gene, which encodes the obligatory GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor, are associated with severe neurological disorders that include epilepsy, intellectual disability, and developmental delay. Here, we investigated the pathogenicity of three missense variants to the GRIN1 gene, p. Ile148Val (GluN1‐3b[I481V]), p.Ala666Ser (GluN1‐3b[A666S]), and p.Tyr668His (GluN1‐3b[Y668H]).

Methods

Wild‐type and variant‐containing NMDA receptors were expressed in HEK293 cells and primary hippocampal neurons. Patch‐clamp electrophysiology and pharmacology were used to profile the functional properties of the receptors. Receptor surface expression was evaluated using fluorescently tagged receptors and microscopy.

Results

Our data demonstrate that the GluN1(I481V) variant is inhibited by the open pore blockers ketamine and memantine with reduce potency but otherwise has little effect on receptor function. By contrast, the other two variants exhibit gain‐of‐function molecular phenotypes. Glycine sensitivity was enhanced in receptors containing the GluN1(A666S) variant and the potency of pore block by memantine and ketamine was reduced, whereas that for MK‐801 was increased. The most pronounced functional deficits, however, were found in receptors containing the GluN1(Y668H) variant. GluN1(Y668H)/2A receptors showed impaired surface expression, were more sensitive to glycine and glutamate by an order of magnitude, and exhibited impaired block by extracellular magnesium ions, memantine, ketamine, and MK‐801. These variant receptors were also activated by either glutamate or glycine alone. Single‐receptor recordings revealed that this receptor variant opened to several conductance levels and activated more frequently than wild‐type GluN1/2A receptors.

Significance

Our study reveals a critical functional locus of the receptor (GluN1[Y668]) that couples receptor gating to ion channel conductance, which when mutated may be associated with neurological disorder.
Impact of body mass index on outcomes of inpatients with vertebral compression fractures in Japan: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Takahashi Kohei , Wakabayashi Hidetaka , Maeda Keisuke , Nagai Takako , Momosaki Ryo
Published: September 2023

Aim

The present study examined the relationship between body mass index and the ability to perform the activities of daily living in patients with vertebral compression fractures.

Methods

A retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged >65 years hospitalized with a vertebral compression fracture was carried out using a nationwide database in Japan. Body mass index was categorized as underweight (<18.5 kg/m2), normal weight (18.5–22.9 kg/m2), overweight (23.0–27.4 kg/m2) and obese (≥27.5 kg/m2) according to the World Health Organization criteria for the Asia–Pacific region. The primary outcome was Barthel Index gain, namely, the change in the Barthel Index score at discharge from that at admission. Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay and readmission within 30 days of discharge.

Results

Among 41 423 participants, 24.5% were classified as underweight, excluding those with missing body mass index data. The underweight group had a significantly lower Barthel Index gain than the normal, overweight and obese groups (median 20 vs 25 vs 30 vs 30, respectively, P < 0.001). The underweight group also had longer hospital stays and higher 30‐day readmission rates than the other groups. A multivariable analysis showed that being underweight was independently associated with a Barthel Index gain −3.63 points (95% confidence interval −4.58 to −2.68) lower than normal weight. Furthermore, being underweight was an independent variable affecting the length of hospital stay and readmission within 30 days (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In patients with vertebral compression fractures, being underweight leads to lower Barthel Index scores, longer hospital stays and increased readmissions within 30 days of discharge. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2023; 23: 788–794.
Stigmatizing commoning: How neoliberal hegemony eroded collective ability to deal with scarcity in Lebanon
Authors: Younes Dima
Published: September 2023

This paper examines how neoliberalism impedes the emergence of alternative organizations. Via a mix of (auto‐)ethnography and memory work, it explains how neoliberal values replacing more traditional ones eroded the collective capacity to bring solutions to scarcity problems in today's Lebanon. It points to the stigmatization of the role of mothers, who once were the “guardians” of organizing around commons, and the alternative values necessary for that. It shows how neoliberal values undermined relationships and decisions based on affect, and promoted individualization and market‐based expertise, thereby destroying the authority of traditional motherhood. Also, neoliberalism introduced the importance of branding and accumulation in a manner that made sharing very difficult. These changes in values prevented people who embraced neoliberal culture from benefiting from commoning practices in a context of scarcity. This happens at a time where scholars predict the end of the age of abundance and the importance of commoning as a social arrangement capable of ensuring overall well‐being. The paper concludes with a discussion of the necessity of de‐stigmatizing values that are not compatible with the neoliberal ideology for the sake of leaving open the possibility of organizing differently and adapting to a changing environment.
The clinicopathological spectrum of preclinical folliculitis keloidalis with correlation to its dermoscopic features: a cross‐sectional analytical study
Authors: Parker Altaaf , Parker Masood Ahmed , Schneider Johann , Jordaan Henry , Visser Willem
Published: September 2023

Background

Folliculitis keloidalis (FK) is a chronic hair disorder commonly affecting males with afro‐textured hair. It typically affects the nuchal area, but disease may also occur at extra‐nuchal sites. Few studies have investigated the histopathological aspects of preclinical FK. In addition to the histopathology of preclinical FK, this article is the first to describe the dermoscopic features of preclinical FK at extra‐nuchal sites.

Materials and methods

This study was conducted in a tertiary dermatological clinic. Twenty‐eight patients with a clinical diagnosis of FK were prospectively enrolled from 2014 to 2016. Dermoscopy was used to identify features that were not evident with the naked eye (preclinical). These sites were subsequently biopsied. The clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological features of these preclinical areas are described and correlated.

Results

Most patients suffered a chronic disease course (mean: 7.6 years) with 57.1% (n = 16) displaying extra‐nuchal involvement. Dermoscopy‐guided biopsy of preclinical lesions displayed perivascular dermatitis (82.1%), folliculocentric inflammation (46.3%), and fibrosis (64.3%). Novel dermoscopic findings were perifollicular scale, perifollicular erythema and pink‐white areas. The perifollicular scale was associated with fibrosis on histopathology (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This article lends further evidence for the existence of preclinical FK and describes its histological features. For the first time, it describes the dermoscopic features of preclinical FK. Dermoscopy may therefore be a useful tool to assess disease progression and treatment response.
Skin cancer characteristics during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic at a tertiary hospital in Latin America
Authors: Pauvels Lucas S. P. , Fiegenbaum Arthur B. , Bakos Renato M.
Published: September 2023

Background

The influence of the novel human coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic on skin cancer characteristics in Latin America is still poorly elucidated.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study which included patients diagnosed with skin cancer (basal cell carcinoma [BCC], cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma [cSCC], and primary cutaneous melanoma [cMM]) during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic (from March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) and the preceding year at our institution. The total number of skin cancer diagnoses and surgeries, as well as their topography, clinicopathological staging at diagnosis, and treatment delay were compared between the two periods.

Results

There was a 31.8% reduction in skin cancer diagnoses during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic at our institution. There was an increase in the proportion of low‐risk cancers according to the NCCN guidelines for BCCs (40.8–49%, P < 0.001) and cSCCs (41.7–49.6%, P = 0.03), but there was no difference in the distribution of other staging systems for the three types of cancer. We also found a significant reduction in surgeries for BCCs (−57.6%, P < 0.001) and cSCCs (−44.7%, P < 0.001) but not for cMM.

Conclusions

The first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic was associated with reduced numbers of skin cancer diagnoses and surgeries at our institution. This study provides an assessment of skin cancer characteristics during the first year of the pandemic in the Latin American population.
Clinical management of nonobstructive azoospermia: An update
Authors: Takeshima Teppei , Karibe Jurii , Saito Tomoki , Kuroda Shinnosuke , Komeya Mitsuru , Uemura Hiroji , Yumura Yasushi
Published: September 2023

Approximately 1% of the general male population has azoospermia, and nonobstructive azoospermia accounts for the majority of cases. The causes vary widely, including chromosomal and genetic abnormalities, varicocele, drug‐induced causes, and gonadotropin deficiency; however, the cause is often unknown. In azoospermia caused by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, gonadotropin replacement therapy can be expected to produce sperm in the ejaculate. In some cases, upfront varicocelectomy for nonobstructive azoospermia with varicocele may result in the appearance of ejaculated spermatozoa; however, the appropriate indication should be selected. Each guideline recommends microdissection testicular sperm extraction for nonobstructive azoospermia in terms of successful sperm retrieval and avoidance of complications. Sperm retrieval rates generally ranged from 20% to 70% but vary depending on the causative disease. Various attempts have been made to predict sperm retrieval and improve sperm retrieval rates; however, the evidence is insufficient. Further evidence accumulation is needed for salvage treatment in cases of failed sperm retrieval. In Japan, there is inadequate provision on the right to know the origin of children born from artificial insemination of donated sperm and the rights of sperm donors, as well as information on unrelated family members, and the development of these systems is challenging. In the future, it is hoped that the pathogenesis of nonobstructive azoospermia with an unknown cause will be elucidated and that technology for omics technologies, human spermatogenesis using pluripotent cells, and organ culture methods will be developed.
NLRP2 in health and disease
Authors: Zhang Tongtong , Xing Fei , Qu Mingcui , Yang Zhihu , Liu Yafei , Yao Yongchao , Xing Na
Published: September 2023

NLR family pyrin domain containing 2 (NLRP2) is a novel member of the Nod‐like receptor (NLR) family. However, our understanding of NLRP2 has long been ambiguous. NLRP2 may have a role in the innate immune response, but its ‘specific’ functions remain controversial. Although NLRP2 can initiate inflammasome and promote inflammation, it can also downregulate inflammatory signals. Additionally, NLRP2 has been reported to function in the reproductive system and shows high expression in the placenta. However, the exact role of NLRP2 in the reproductive system is unclear. Here, we highlight the most current progress on NLRP2 in inflammasome activation, effector function and regulation of nuclear factor‐κB. And we discuss functions of NLRP2 in inflammatory diseases, reproductive disorders and the potential implication of NLRP2 in human diseases.
COVID‐19 pandemic impact among adolescents with eating disorders referred to Italian psychiatric unit
Authors: Cappelletto Pietro , Luca Lisa De , Taddei Benedetta , Taddei Silvia , Nocentini Annalaura , Pisano Tiziana
Published: September 2023

Problem

The COVID‐19 pandemic has triggered or exacerbated eating disorders (EDs), especially in adolescents. This study examined the prevalence of admissions of patients with EDs at the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit from the pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic to March 2023 and explored the differences in dimensions of ED's symptomatology according to the year of access.

Methods

We included 174 children and adolescents, 94.3% females and 5.7% males, with a diagnosis of ED (Mage = 14.87; SD = 1.72). The Eating Disorder Inventory‐3 (EDI‐3), the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT) and Youth Self Report ASEBA (YSR) were assessed. A one‐way analysis of variance test was performed.

Findings

EDs' hospitalization prevalence was higher in the years 2020 and 2021 compared to pre‐COVID‐19 and the year 2022. Considering the ED psychopathology (EDI‐3), findings showed a higher score in the dimension of the push to thinness, body dissatisfaction, asceticism, and fear of maturity in the year 2021 compared to pre‐pandemic. Regarding the discomfort related to the image of one's own body (BUT), results showed an increase in the global severity index in the year 2022 compared to pre‐pandemic and in weight phobia in the year 2021 compared to the year 2020. Concerning the internalizing symptoms (YSR), a tendency was found for withdrawal/depression, with higher levels in the year 2022 compared to the year 2020.

Conclusions

Our study highlighted the increase of different types of EDs symptomatology related to concerns about weight, especially 2 and 3 years after the outbreak of the pandemic, on which the literature is still scarce, especially in the Italian context.
Bite force, body size, and octopamine mediate mating interactions in the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)
Authors: Adeola Fadeke , Lailvaux Simon
Published: September 2023

Mating interactions are rife with conflict because the evolutionary interests of males and females seldom coincide. Intersexual conflict affects sexual selection, yet the proximate factors underlying male coercive ability and female resistance are poorly understood. Male combat outcomes are often influenced by bite force, with superior biters being more likely to achieve victory over poorer biters in a range of species, including crickets. If good performers also achieve mating success through sexual coercion, then bite force might play a role in intersexual conflict as well. We tested the capacity of bite force to influence mating interactions in house crickets both directly by measuring bite forces of males and females and by altering male bite capacity through neuropharmacological manipulation. In addition, the invertebrate neurotransmitter octopamine both mediates aggression and underlies motivation to bite in male house crickets. By blocking octopamine receptors through the application of an antagonist, epinastine, we tested the effects of reduced bite force on male mating success. Our results show that male bite capacity, in combination with body size, influences both the likelihood and the outcomes of mating interactions, whereas treatment of males with epinastine eliminates motivation to mate. Our results suggest a functional role for bite force in affecting both sexual conflict and sexual selection and expand our knowledge of the influence of biogenic amines on reproductive behaviour.

Abstract

Animal functional capacities are relevant to sexual conflict, just as they are to sexual selection. Males orally supplemented with a synthetic neurohormone blocker, epinastine did not successfully mate with females. Control group males were more likely to have successfully mated with females at higher ratios, take a shorter amount of time to initiate mating and have longer spermatophore attachment times to females when they: Had higher bite force measurement than females.Were larger than females.These findings suggest that selection might act on such capacities in both males and females in A. domesticus, not only males.
You are not lab rats at teaching hospitals: A systematic review of resident and fellow participation leads to improved colonoscopy
Authors: Sun Chenyu , Chen Yue , Ma Shaodi , Liu Mengqing , Yau Vicky , Kim Na Hyun , Kailas Sujatha , Lowe Scott , Bentley Rachel , Chen Shuya , Liu Jie , Meng Muzi , Huang Yuting , Zhou Qin , Wu Yuyan
Published: September 2023

Background

Participation in colonoscopies is an essential aspect of endoscopic training. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of fellow/trainee participation on colonoscopy outcomes.

Methods

This meta‐analysis was registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). From database inception to July 2022, studies investigating fellow involvement and colonoscopy outcomes were searched across Cochrane library, PubMed, and other databases. The random‐effects model was applied to generate more conservative estimates. Sensitive analysis was conducted to explore whether the result would depend on a particular study. Egger's test and Begg's test were used to estimate the potential for publication bias.

Results

Seventeen studies including 30,062 participants were included. We found that fellow/trainee involvement enhanced the overall rates of adenoma detection and polyp detection (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.14–1.40, p < 0.001; OR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.02–1.63, p = 0.020, respectively). The mean number of adenoma/polyps per colonoscopy was also higher with fellow/trainee participation (MD = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.08–0.17, p < 0.001; MD = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.02–0.28, p = 0.020, respectively).

Conclusion

In addition to its educational purpose, fellow or trainee involvement is associated with beneficial effects on colonoscopy outcomes.
Influence of retainer design and number of inlay boxes on the biomechanical behavior of zirconia cantilever resin bonded fixed dental prosthesis
Authors: Kasem Ammar T. , Abo‐Madina Manal , Al‐Zordk Walid
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The development of dental adhesives with enhanced bond strength has assisted minimally invasive dentistry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture load and stress distribution pattern of two retainer designs for posterior cantilever resin bonded fixed dental protheses (RBFDPs).

Materials and Methods

Forty human mandibular molars were divided into two groups according to the retainer design; lingual coverage (LC) and occlusal coverage (OC) retainers. Each main group was then divided according to the number of inlay boxes (n = 10); one inlay and two inlay boxes. High translucency (3Y) zirconia was used to manufacture all restorations, and a dual‐polymerizing adhesive resin cement was used for bonding. All specimens underwent 10,000 cycles of thermocycling (5–55°C), 240,000 cycles of dynamic loading (50 N, descending speed v = 30 mm/second, frequency = 1.6 Hz), and failure load test. Both one‐way and two‐way ANOVA tests were used to analyze the data. The four models included in the in‐vitro study are part of the finite element analysis (FEA). When the restorations failed, maximal principal stress values on restorations, enamel, dentin, and luting resin were investigated.

Results

A statistically significant (p = 0.018) higher failure load was recorded for OC1 (627.00 ± 153.4 N) than the other groups; (548.0 ± 75.6 N, 521.20 ± 11.3 N, and 509.20 ± 14.9 N for LC1, LC2, and OC2, respectively). With regard to failure mode, one inlay box designs showed more favorable failure pattern than those of two inlay boxes. FEA showed higher stress magnitude transmitted to the tooth structure in models LC2 and OC2.

Conclusions

Lingual coverage and occlusal coverage retainers are promising designs capable to withstand the normal occlusal force for cantilever RBFDP in premolar area. The use of two inlay boxes decreased the fracture load of the two retainer designs and increased the stress transmitted to the tooth and resulted in high incidence of catastrophic failure.

Clinical Significance

Monolithic high translucent zirconia RBFDP could be considered as a viable treatment option to substitute missing posterior tooth, with improved esthetics and biocompatibility.
Dense dopaminergic innervation of the peri‐infarct cortex despite dopaminergic cell loss after a pure motor‐cortical stroke in rats
Authors: Frase Sibylle , Steddin Julius , Paschen Enya , Lenz Maximilian , Conforti Pasquale , Haas Carola A. , Vlachos Andreas , Schachtrup Christian , Hosp Jonas A.
Published: September 2023

After ischemic stroke, the cortex directly adjacent to the ischemic core (i.e., the peri‐infarct cortex, PIC) undergoes plastic changes that facilitate motor recovery. Dopaminergic signaling is thought to support this process. However, ischemic stroke also leads to the remote degeneration of dopaminergic midbrain neurons, possibly interfering with this beneficial effect. In this study, we assessed the reorganization of dopaminergic innervation of the PIC in a rat model of focal cortical stroke. Adult Sprague–Dawley rats either received a photothrombotic stroke (PTS) in the primary motor cortex (M1) or a sham operation. 30 days after PTS or sham procedure, the retrograde tracer Micro Ruby (MR) was injected into the PIC of stroke animals or into homotopic cortical areas of matched sham rats. Thus, dopaminergic midbrain neurons projecting into the PIC were identified based on MR signal and immunoreactivity against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for dopaminergic neurons. The density of dopaminergic innervation within the PIC was assessed by quantification of dopaminergic boutons indicated by TH‐immunoreactivity. Regarding postsynaptic processes, expression of dopamine receptors (D1‐ and D2) and a marker of the functional signal cascade (DARPP‐32) were visualized histologically. Despite a 25% ipsilesional loss of dopaminergic midbrain neurons after PTS, the number and spatial distribution of dopaminergic neurons projecting to the PIC was not different compared to sham controls. Moreover, the density of dopaminergic innervation in the PIC was significantly higher than in homotopic cortical areas of the sham group. Within the PIC, D1‐receptors were expressed in neurons, whereas D2‐receptors were confined to astrocytes. The intensity of D1‐ and DARPP‐32 expression appeared to be higher in the PIC compared to the contralesional homotopic cortex. Our data suggest a sprouting of dopaminergic fibers into the PIC and point to a role for dopaminergic signaling in reparative mechanisms post‐stroke, potentially related to recovery.

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CSF‐to‐blood toxins clearance is modulated by breathing through cranio–spinal CSF oscillation
Authors: Burman Ritambhar , Alperin Noam
Published: September 2023

Clearance of brain toxins occurs during sleep, although the mechanism remains unknown. Previous studies implied that the intracranial aqueductal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) oscillations are involved, but no mechanism was suggested. The rationale for focusing on the aqueductal CSF oscillations is unclear. This study focuses on the cranio–spinal CSF oscillation and the factors that modulate this flow. We propose a mechanism where increased cranio–spinal CSF movements enhance CSF‐to‐blood metabolic waste clearance through the spinal CSF re‐absorption sites. A recent study demonstrating that disturbed sleep impairs CSF‐to‐blood but not brain‐to‐CSF clearance, supports the fundamentals of our proposed mechanism. Eight healthy subjects underwent phase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging to quantify the effect of respiration on the cranio–spinal CSF oscillations. Maximal CSF volume displaced from the cranium to the spinal canal during each respiration and cardiac cycle were derived as measures of cranio–spinal CSF mixing level. Transition from normal to slow and abdominal breathing resulted in a 56% increase in the maximal displaced CSF volume. Maximal change in the arterial–venous blood volume, which is the driving force of the CSF oscillations, was increased by 41% during slow abdominal breathing. Cranio–spinal CSF oscillations are driven by the momentary difference between arterial inflow and venous outflow. Breathing modulates the CSF oscillation through changes in the venous outflow. The amount of toxins being transferred to the spinal canal during each respiratory cycle is significantly increased during slow and deeper abdominal breathing, which explains enhanced CSF‐to‐blood toxins clearance during slow‐wave sleep and poor clearance during disrupted sleep.
Individualising the social? The history of insomnia around 1900
Authors: Ahlheim Hannah
Published: September 2023

Using the example of the fin‐de‐siècle German Reich, this article outlines how insomnia emerged as a “disease of civilisation” in an industrialising society, defined by time‐specific notions, reflecting and strengthening the social norms of the time. Furthermore, it analyses the process of individualisation and flexibilisation that transferred the social struggles and economic demands of modernity onto the subject's body or soul. The history of insomnia around 1900 thus reveals a pattern of thought that shaped the understanding of the insomniac throughout the 20th century.