bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Money ethic endorsement, self‐reported income, and life satisfaction
Authors: Li‐Ping Tang Thomas , Luna‐Arocas Roberto , Whiteside Harold D.
Published: October 2003

This research examines the money ethic scale (budget, evil, equity, success, and motivator), self‐reported income, demographic variables, and life satisfaction among 207 professors in the USA and 102 professors in Spain. Results suggested that the female/male income ratio was 70.95 percent for American professors and 63.82 percent for Spanish professors. American faculty reported higher scores on factors budget, equity, and success, and lower scores on factor evil than their Spanish counterparts. Sex (male), factors budget, education, and work experience were predictors of American professors’ income, while work experience, sex (male), education, and factor motivator were predictors of Spanish professors’ income. For the American sample, marital status (married), factors budget, sex (male), a low level of education, and a low level of factor success were predictors of life satisfaction, whereas for the Spanish sample, marital status (married), young age, and factor budget were predictors of life satisfaction. Income was not related to life satisfaction in both samples.
International experience and academic careers
Authors: Richardson Julia , McKenna Steve
Published: October 2003

This paper focuses on the relatively unexplored link between international experience and academic careers. Drawing on a study of 30 British academics in four countries, it reports how they accounted for their decision to take an overseas appointment and how they evaluated that appointment. The contemporary career literature is used as a framework for analysis connecting the findings with “traditional” and “new” career themes. The desire to travel was found to be a key driver in taking the overseas appointment. When it came to evaluating the overseas appointment, however, upward career mobility in the context of increasing internationalisation was a major concern. The paper offers a number of key concerns for managers in institutions of higher education, particularly those concerned with the management and recruitment of international faculty.
Misplaced marketing Misplaced fears of off label prescription drug marketing
Authors: Galloway Chester S.
Published: October 2003

The United State Food and Drug Administration gives approval for prescription drugs that are shown to be safe and effective to treat specific conditions. But once the drug is available, physicians can prescribe it for other “off label” uses, the positive therapeutic side effects that are discovered by the medical communities’ own information networks. The pharmaceutical manufacturers would like to be able to tell other doctors about these positive side effects, but they are barred from such “off label marketing” practices except under very narrow conditions.
Marketing to older adults: an updated overview of present knowledge and practice
Authors: Moschis George P.
Published: October 2003

The changing demographics and the aging of the population are affecting the age composition of consumer markets. This, in turn, creates opportunities and challenges for organizations serving consumer markets. This article reviews some corporate challenges and opportunities facing the corporate American due to the aging marketplace. A list of actionable guidelines suggested for strategy development. These guidelines are based on present knowledge about the mature market. While the effectiveness of the recommended strategies is likely to vary across situations and sub‐segments, it is hoped that they would be effective in most settings.
Japanese attitudes toward American business involvement in Japan: an empirical investigation revisited
Authors: Akhter Syed H. , Hamada Toshikazu
Published: October 2003

Generation Xers in Japan continue to draw increasing attention not only because they constitute a promising segment for many products and services but also because they are expected to play a critical role in shaping their country’s political and economic relations with other countries. This paper examines their attitudes toward US products, businesses, and government. It also examines their behavioral intentions and their expectations of their government in terms of managing American business involvement in Japan. Findings and implications are presented.
What is innovation? And why aren’t companies doing more of it?
Authors: Kuczmarski Thomas D.
Published: October 2003

Though a commitment to innovation is the key to successful growth, the level of uncertainty involved and the concomitant risk deter companies from committing themselves totally to its implementation. Contributing to managers’ reluctance to face innovation are an ignorance and fear of what exactly it represents. This article lists ingredients of and directions for successful innovation, which can lead to real competitive advantage if followed correctly. However, senior management must assimilate the message fully before it can possible cascade down the organisation.
Consumer behavior of Chinese children: 1995‐2002
Authors: McNeal James U. , Yeh Chyon‐Hwa
Published: October 2003

Chinese children’s consumer behavior and their influence on the consumer behavior of their parents are examined in a manner that allows comparisons with major findings reported seven years ago. Most noticeable differences are that the children’s income has doubled and their spending has almost tripled during the time period. Additionally, their independent store visits have increased 32 per cent and the number of stores shopped independently, 81 per cent. Their influence on parent’s regular purchases reached 68.7 per cent and on durable goods purchases, 23.3 per cent.
Marketing to the self‐actualizing customer
Authors: Wolfe David B. , Sisodia Rajendra
Published: October 2003

Companies increasingly complain about a new band of “mysterious” consumers whose behavior is challenging the very foundation of modern consumer economies: materialistic aspirations. There is less interest in “things”. Designer labels are not the turn‐on like they were a few years ago. Despite significant means, many shoppers are passing up Lord & Taylor for Wal‐Mart. An especially valuable resource for these and other changes in consumer behavior that are altering the rules for successful marketplace engagement is the annals of adult development psychology. Epochal changes taking place in leading consumer behaviors owe much to the common midlife shift toward to self‐actualization.
The virtual automotive dealership revisited
Authors: Urban David J. , Hoffer George E.
Published: October 2003

Examines how the use of the World Wide Web has evolved in relation to automotive retailing. Reviews the authors’ model of virtual automotive dealership developed in an earlier article in this journal and discusses analytically the current state and future of virtual automotive distribution. Concludes that the element contributing most to the viability of the virtual dealership concept is the willingness of a manufacturer to establish a new line‐make in the US market.
Client satisfaction with English language centre service: insights from a New Zealand national survey
Authors: Walker John
Published: October 2003

The TESOL (teaching of English to speakers of other languages) sector in New Zealand is rapidly developing into a major educational service industry. Despite their growing national importance, little is known about the performance of the English language centres (ELCs) that constitute the industry. This study investigated levels of client satisfaction with New Zealand ELC service at a national level. The research took a services management approach, using a multilingual questionnaire covering nine dimensions of ELC service. The findings indicated that, overall, clients registered mere satisfaction with the service provided. Statistical analysis identified significant differences between levels of client satisfaction in terms of client age and nationality and between ELCs of different type and size. While service provider personal attributes were positively rated by respondents, these did not play a major role as predictors of client satisfaction or the willingness to recommend an ELC.
Basic education development in China: from finance reform to World Bank projects
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Bergquist Mary
Published: October 2003

Basic education (primary and junior secondary schooling) in China has experienced phenomenal development in the reform era from the late 1970s. The most important reform policies; namely, decentralization of governance and diversification of finance, have been translated into an unprecedented scale of resource mobilization for schooling expansion. This article examines China’s education finance reform and basic education development. It analyzes international aid and assistance, particularly major basic education projects financed by the World Bank and other international organizations. The article argues that China is not necessarily “in the driving seat” in cooperation with the World Bank, and that the bank does not play purely “a pivotal positive role” in helping develop Chinese basic education. In spite of its huge aid and assistance in China, the bank, to a certain extent, also contributes to the formation of China’s bifurcated schooling system.
Using the theory of policy networks and communities to explore who determines the Scottish higher education research policy: issues for educational managers
Authors: Grant Kevin , Edgar David
Published: October 2003

Historically, Scottish education policymaking has been implemented independently of central educational policy makers, with policymakers negotiating with a variety of interest groups and elected policy makers. The paper discusses Scotland’s research policy; the purpose of research and its possible link to teaching and learning, the function of a research policy and a critical discussion of the theory of policy networks and policy communities to establish the key players who “really” shape and set Scotland’s research policy. The paper draws on documentary evidence to support recommendations on how to enhance the policy‐making process to ensure a greater representation and more effective implementation at the “grass roots” level of Scottish researchers and their academic managers.
A case study using gap analysis to assess distance learning versus traditional course delivery
Authors: LaBay Duncan G. , Comm Clare L.
Published: October 2003

In this pilot study, the authors analyzed student‐faculty course evaluations at their university using gap analysis as derived from the SERVQUAL (service quality) model. Utilizing matched sections of an undergraduate management course, data were collected from students at the beginning of a semester in a traditional course setting and in a distance learning course. At the end of the semester, data were again collected from these same students. The purpose was to assess the differences between student expectations going into these courses at the beginning of the term and their final perceptions of these courses at the conclusion of the semester. The authors found that “gaps” do exist on various dimensions between expectations and perceptions in both distance learning and traditional course delivery. An ongoing longitudinal study, using the pilot study methodology, will provide conclusive findings.
Performance measures for academic departments
Authors: Al‐Turki Umar , Duffuaa Salih
Published: October 2003

Measuring the performance of academic departments received little attention compared to other industries due to their complex nature and difficulty in measuring their outputs. However, measures of performance are needed to assess whether they meet their set objectives and foster an environment of continuous improvement. The objective of this paper is to develop a performance measurement system for educational institutions. It outlines the properties of adequate performance measures and the steps for developing such measures in an educational environment. Three types of performance measures are proposed. These are outcomes, inputs and process measures. Suggestions are made to select the most appropriate and relevant performance measures pertinent to academic departments’ goals and objectives. Also the need, relevance and implementation issues in the context of the Saudi Arabian educational system has been discussed and highlighted in the paper.
Implementing knowledge management in academia: teaching the teachers
Authors: Tippins Michael J.
Published: October 2003

The ability to acquire, share, and utilize knowledge has become a critical organizational capability as businesses attempt to cope with a rapidly changing environment. Colleges of business, the critical suppliers of future business managers, are not immune to such environmental changes. As such, many academics have come to realize that they must adopt cultures that embrace continuous learning so that college programs can be periodically updated to meet changing demands. Unfortunately, given the nature of academia, the implementation of many knowledge management (KM) processes is often difficult. To address such difficulties, this paper first identifies several barriers that inhibit KM within the college context and then presents a multi‐step framework that can be used to identify the boundaries of a college’s knowledge base so that it can be reconciled with the body of knowledge and skills currently needed in industry. The paper also offers some general concluding remarks as to the importance of KM and its role in helping colleges of business remain relevant in the educational supply chain.
Management process for defining and monitoring teacher dispositions
Authors: Jackson Albee Julie , Piveral Joyce A.
Published: October 2003

This study describes one university’s effective management process for identifying dispositions of pre‐service teacher candidates. Identification of specific dispositions was solicited from university professors, pre‐service teachers, practicing teachers, professors, and administrators through 221 surveys, and was analyzed through the Delphi method. To evaluate if the teachers at differing levels similarly valued identified dispositions (i.e. professors, pre‐service, practicing, elementary, high school) a Pearson chi‐square analysis was conducted. Findings from this analysis showed that there was not a significant difference between the dispositions valued by various groups. This led to the development of an instrument to measure and monitor the dispositions of pre‐service teachers. A monitoring system to provide managers with a process to assist pre‐service teachers in improving areas of weakness was then developed.
Improving the fatigue life of a bare die flip chip by thinning
Authors: Alander T. , Suominen I. , Heino P. , Ristolainen E.
Published: October 2003

The solder joint reliability of FC components on organic substrates is questionable unless underfill is used to relieve the thermal strains. Besides the mechanical protection, underfill provides the solder and I.C. surface with protection against the environment. Underfilling is however, time‐consuming and expensive. In an electrical sense, the underfill has no beneficial function and should, therefore, be considered as a ballast in an electronic assembly. However, to obtain a satisfactory level of reliability without underfill some novel methods are required. Wafer thinning is often performed to fit a die into a thin package, e.g. in smart cards. In this paper, the issue of thinning a package is studied utilizing 3D finite element method models. Various die and board thicknesses are evaluated with respect to their effect on the reliability of FC solder bumps. In addition, a novel idea to increase the joint reliability is studied.
Mechanical characterization of Sn‐3.5Ag solder joints at various temperatures
Authors: Rhee H. , Subramanian K.N. , Lee A. , Lee J.G.
Published: October 2003

Deformation studies on eutectic Sn‐Ag solder (Sn‐3.5Ag in wt percent) joints were carried out at a range of temperatures using a rheometric solids analyzer (RSA‐III). Various performance parameters were evaluated with this equipment by subjecting geometrically realistic solder joints to shear loading at various temperatures (25, 75, 100, 125, and 150°C) with a nominal joint thickness of ∼100 μm and 1×1 mm solder joint area. Mechanical properties such as shear stress versus simple shear‐strain relationships, peak shear stress as a function of rate of simple shear‐strain and testing temperature, and creep parameters were evaluated to gain a better understanding of the parameters contributing to thermomechanical fatigue.
Failures of flip chip assemblies under thermal shock
Authors: Bo Cheng , Li Wang , Qun Zhang , Xia Gao , Xiaoming Xie , Kempe Wolfgang
Published: October 2003

Flip chip on board (FCOB) solder joint reliability under thermal shock stress was investigated. With underfill materials, the solder joint lifetime was increased from 37 to 1,300/2,480 cycles depending on the particular underfill material used. Through the use of CSAM, SEM, dye penetration tests and cross sectioning, the reliability of a FCOB assembly under thermal shock stress was evaluated. Both dye penetration and SEM fracture analysis can be used to measure quantitatively the extent of crack propagation for assemblies without underfill. A new failure mechanism, PCB cracking was also observed and discussed.
Thermal strain analysis of an electronics package using the SEM Moiré technique
Authors: Zhong Z.W. , Nah S.K.
Published: October 2003

This paper reports on a study of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) Moiré method. Tests were carried out by rotating the specimen grating slightly with respect to the electron scanning raster lines, to verify that the Moiré images captured were really due to the interference between specimen and reference gratings. The experimental results coincided well with the calculated theoretical values and with small measurement errors. Then, the shear strains experienced by the solder joints of a flip‐chip ball grid array specimen were investigated using the SEM Moiré method. The results were compared with those obtained using the optical Moiré method.
Understanding the implications of ICT adoption: insights from SMEs
Authors: Shiels Helen , McIvor Ronan , O'Reilly Dolores
Published: October 2003

The phenomenon of the Internet has forced businesses and organisations to examine their existing business practices and adopt new methods of working, both for existing and potential customers. This paper presents an analysis of a pilot study of 24 SMEs, which seeks to elicit the various determinants of employing ICTs and the level of sophistication of use. The paper analyses the approach used to facilitate the introduction and implementation of new technologies, with a view to achieving integration with business processes. The discussion, based on the initial findings, examines the circumstances for ICT success and strategic effects resulting from implementation and use of such technologies. A conceptual model provides a framework for determining the level of sophistication of SMEs in their exploitation of ICTs. The findings highlight that characteristics of the firm and industry sector are contributory factors to the extent of adoption and exploitation of ICTs by SMEs, to support business processes.
Scheduling for intermodal transport
Authors: Kelleher G. , El‐Rhalibi A. , Arshad F.
Published: October 2003

A logistics‐based project is described which addresses the need for better intermodal transport, whilst balancing economic and environmental gains through the use of Internet technologies. Pipeline intermodal system to support control, expedition and scheduling (PISCES) provides an integrating platform for using these technologies in processing and sharing commercially sensitive data within transport chains (i.e. road, rail and barge). The paper demonstrates how information from an Internet‐based system can be used to drive a scheduling tool to provide appropriate routes for the transport of goods, using a multimodal transport model.
School violence and globalisation
Authors: Debarbieux Eric
Published: October 2003

In recent years, violence in schools has become a major preoccupation all over the world. This has led to a considerable increase in the number of public policies and programmes aimed at tackling the problem, as well as to a very large number of empirical studies. In this article, we begin by showing that this research goes part of the way toward making up for the lack of administrative knowledge of the problem, in particular concerning the prevalence of the phenomenon. It examines the possibility of there being a link between the globalisation of worries about school violence and economic globalisation. To do so, it analyses the hypothetical link between school violence and social inequalities. The literature is precise on this question, opting in favour of there being a strong link between the two: the sociology of violence in schools is a sociology of social exclusion. Research also shows, however, that these causes that are external to schools are not the only explanation of the process and, in particular, that effects linked with the institutions themselves or the system give good reason to hope that action can be effective.
Tackling violence in schools: the role of UNESCO/Brazil
Authors: Werthein Jorge
Published: October 2003

Violence is still an alarming issue in Brazil, a country profoundly affected by social inequality. Since 1997, studies from UNESCO in Brazil have highlighted this worrying situation for youngsters from 15 to 24 years old, who are the portion of the population most exposed to violence, whether as victims, or agents. In terms of deaths that are caused by the so‐called external factors (i.e. homicides, traffic accidents and suicides), the quantitative data corresponding to the youth age groups are so high that they place Brazilian indices as the third highest in the world. In the light of the above, this paper provides a brief overview of the literature on the issue of violence in schools. In addition to that, the paper from the Director of the UNESCO Brasilia Office also analyses the series of studies and researches that UNESCO has been undertaking over the past years, an effort which would culminate into one of its most successful strategies to foster social inclusion through a community perspective, the “Making Room” program.
Responding to exclusion from school in England
Authors: Hayden Carol
Published: October 2003

This paper focuses on the issue of exclusion from school in England. Exclusion from school is seen as indicative of behaviour that teachers find unacceptable within school, as such it represents their limits to tolerance. Aggressive, disruptive and non‐compliant behaviour features strongly in reasons given by schools for excluding pupils. The word “violence” is still applied sparingly as a descriptor for pupil behaviour. An overview of the evidence about the scale and nature of school exclusion is provided, drawing on the author's empirical research in the field. The paper also presents an overview of policy responses to the issue and how these relate to broader issues of child welfare. The paper concludes by reviewing policy tensions relating to school exclusion, particularly in relation to the social inclusion agenda.
What Galileo knew
Authors: Royer Égide
Published: October 2003

As a researcher and educator, the author analyses the existing gap between the available knowledge on aggressive behaviours and violence in schools and the limited integration of effective practices in teacher training programs. With the understanding that the stress experienced by some teachers is directly involved, the author proposes a sample of the knowledge and the best school practices regarding violence prevention, with emphasis on ways to bridge the chasm between research and practice, recommendations for pre‐ and in‐service teacher training and specific skills and knowledge that should be part of all initial and in‐service training curricula.
Students’ antisocial and aggressive behavior: development and prediction
Authors: Fortin Laurier
Published: October 2003

Students’ antisocial behavior can often lead to violence in school. Longitudinal studies pertaining to antisocial behavior have contributed considerably to the development of knowledge in this field of research. This knowledge now enables us to identify the different developmental stages of aggressive and antisocial behavior during childhood and adolescence. Consequently, we are better able to identify antisocial behavior in the classroom, to describe the developmental pathways leading to antisocial behavior, to identify the risk factors relating to this issue and finally, to predict who might be at‐risk of developing antisocial behavior. In the past, antisocial behavior was conceived as following a single developmental pathway encompassing several categories of behavioral problems. Now, on the other hand, many studies demonstrate how the development of these behaviors can be explained through different pathways.
Regulating safe school communities: being responsive and restorative
Authors: Morrison Brenda E.
Published: October 2003

This paper will introduce a whole‐school approach to regulating safe school communities, based on principles of restorative justice. The idea is to move beyond regulatory formalism to a stance of response regulation, whereby the needs of the school community can be better met. The approach will incorporate a continuum of practices across three levels of regulation. The primary level of intervention targets all students, with an aim to develop students’ social and emotional competencies, particularly in the area of conflict resolution. This first stage aims to enable students to resolve their differences in caring and respectful ways. The secondary level of practices involves a larger number of participants in the resolution of the conflict or concern, as the problem has become protracted or has involved (and affected) a larger number of people. The tertiary level of intervention involves the participation of an even wider cross‐section of the school community, including parents, guardians, social workers, and others who have been affected. This intervention is typically used for serious incidents within the school, such as acts of serious violence. At each level, the processes involved are based on principles of restorative justice, such as inclusive and respectful dialogue. The aim is to build safe school communities through being more responsive and more restorative.
Guidelines for responding to student threats of violence
Authors: Cornell Dewey G.
Published: October 2003

A series of highly publicized school shootings in the USA generated the misperception of an epidemic of school violence. Fears of school violence stimulated an ill‐advised expansion of zero tolerance school discipline policies and the widespread dissemination of profiles or warning signs of potentially dangerous students for use by school administrators. This article presents the rationale for student threat assessment as an administrative alternative to zero tolerance or profiling. It describes the development and field‐testing of guidelines for school administrators to follow in investigating and resolving student threats of violence. Student threat assessment permits administrators to make reasonable judgments about the seriousness of a threat, to resolve most threats quickly and efficiently, and to reserve more labor‐intensive procedures for the most serious threats.
The principle of balance between companies' inventories and disturbances in logistics flows
Authors: Svensson Göran
Published: October 2003

Stresses the crucial importance of the balance between companies' policies of inventory management and the occurrence of disturbances in logistics flows. The study is based upon a mail survey in the automotive industry. It is concluded that there is in part a significant association between companies' inventories and disturbances in inbound and outbound logistics flows. The financial benefits that might be achieved through leanness in inventory management might also negatively influence the financial costs due to increased disturbances. Therefore, it is a crucial managerial task in the automotive industry to achieve a suitable balance between the inventory and the occurrence of disturbance within inbound and outbound logistics flows. It is this balance that generates the best managerial outcome in a competitive business setting. A principle of balance, a process of balance, and a typology of companies' inventories and disturbances in inbound or outbound logistics flows are introduced.
Developing a framework for evaluating the logistics costs in global sourcing processes
Authors: Zeng Amy Z. , Rossetti Christian
Published: October 2003

Global sourcing is becoming a prerequisite for companies competing in today's market. The logistics costs often comprise a large portion of the total global sourcing cost, thereby determining the effectiveness of this procurement strategy. However, evaluating the logistics cost in a global context is frequently difficult. This paper presents a five‐step evaluation framework and illustrates how this framework can be implemented using a case study at a leading firm in the US aviation industry and its part supplier in Chengdu, China. The framework not only identifies the key logistics cost items, but also suggests a way of quantifying each of the cost elements. The computational part of the framework can be easily implemented on spreadsheets and offers substantial flexibility to accommodate assessment of various transportation alternatives and sensitivity analysis.
The successful management of a small logistics company
Authors: Gunasekaran A. , Ngai E.W.T.
Published: October 2003

In this paper, a case study conducted on a small third‐party logistics (3PL) company in Hong Kong is presented. This company is interesting in that it has been designated as the “king” of Hong Kong's 3PL (in‐bound) logistics companies. The company has been successful in its overall business performance and in satisfying customers. This company's strategic alliances with both clients and customers have helped to improve the utilization of its resources, such as warehouse space and transportation fleets. Also, the company is in the process of expanding its operations across greater China, with the objective of becoming a full‐pledged 3PL company. The analysis of this case focuses on the critical success factors (strategies and technologies) that have allowed a small company started only in 1996 to become so successful in its operations. Also, a framework has been provided for the company to develop its logistics operations as a full‐pledged 3PL company.
An evaluation of school sex education team training
Authors: Walker Joy , Green Jackie , Tilford Sylvia
Published: October 2003

The provision of appropriate sex education for teachers has been identified as a key factor in improving the quality of sex and relationship education (SRE). This paper focuses on evaluating a sexual health training programme designed to prepare school teams to deliver high quality SRE. The evaluation followed up three schools prospectively and 11 schools retrospectively. Multiple methods were used to gather and triangulate qualitative and quantitative data from teachers, senior management, pupils and trainers. The training programme was found to have made positive contributions to SRE programme and policy development through building schools’ capacity to be responsive to young people’s needs, team building, personal and professional development, and greater collaboration in school between health and education services, parents and pupils. In the light of the findings, recommendations are made to guide future training.
The Dutch heart health community intervention “Hartslag Limburg”: evaluation design and baseline data
Authors: Ronda Gaby , Van Assema Patricia , Ruland Erik , Steenbakkers Mieke , Brug Johannes
Published: October 2003

Hartslag Limburg, a cardiovascular diseases (CVD) prevention programme, integrates a community strategy and a high‐risk strategy. The present paper presents the evaluation design for, and baseline data from, the community intervention. The conceptual framework of the community intervention and its evaluation study were based on programme planning and evaluation models. Within this framework, community organization principles and methods and health education theories and methods were applied. Pre‐test/post‐test control group designs were used to study changes at the individual and the organizational level. The baseline results confirm the need to carry out a comprehensive CVD prevention community project, and the appropriateness of the conceptual model that is used for the development of interventions.
Public health information programmes: can partnerships reduce costs?
Authors: Davis Jennifer , Lee Debra , Jarvis Kate , Zorbas Helen , Redman Sally
Published: October 2003

Despite evidence showing the benefits of early diagnosis of breast cancer many Australian women delay seeking advice when they find a change in their breast. This paper describes the process evaluation of a national programme to encourage women to see their general practitioner within three months of finding a breast change. The programme used a partnership approach involving different sectors of the community to deliver an inexpensive national programme with sustainable community components. The programme included strategies to promote messages through the news media, television commercials, community meetings across Australia and general practitioner based strategies. This paper reports on a process evaluation of the implementation of the programme; outcome measures will be available at a later stage.
Transforming information, education and communication in Vietnam
Authors: Laverack Glenn , Huy Dap Dao
Published: October 2003

This paper provides a description of the present structure and main channels of information, education and communication in Vietnam: the mass media; face‐to‐face communication; print materials; and opportunistic activities. These communication channels have traditionally been used separately, with limited inter‐sectoral collaboration for planning and limited resource allocation. This paper introduces an approach that has been designed to build on and strengthen existing capacity, quality and delivery of information, education and communication in Vietnam. The approach is based on the understanding that information, education and communication is more effective when a combination of channels is used as a part of the same intervention. The paper discusses some of the key challenges to transforming information, education and communication into a more sophisticated communication model. The paper may be of particular interest to practitioners in countries that are undergoing a similar transition and use similar structures and channels for communication.
Students as “co‐producers” of education: a proposed model of student socialisation and participation at tertiary institutions
Authors: Kotzé T.G. , du Plessis P.J.
Published: October 2003

Through their participation in an array of learning activities, students “co‐produce” their education. At the same time, they also contribute directly to their own satisfaction, quality and value perceptions. How can students be encouraged to fulfil their co‐production roles more effectively? Services marketing researchers have long acknowledged the important participatory role of service customers and have also tested models of the antecedents and consequences of customer socialisation and participation in a range of service settings. Presents a new conceptual model of student socialisation and participation to be tested in the context of higher education.
Quality assurance in education: internal, interface, and future
Authors: Cheong Cheng Yin
Published: October 2003

This paper aims to point out that the world‐wide education reforms for education quality are experiencing three waves based on different paradigms and theories of education quality and school effectiveness, and they result in different strategies and approaches to education assurance. The first wave of school reforms and initiatives focuses mainly on internal quality assurance and makes an effort to improve internal school performance, particularly the methods and processes of teaching and learning. The second wave emphasizes interface quality assurance in terms of organizational effectiveness, stakeholders’ satisfaction and market competitiveness and makes an effort to ensure satisfaction and accountability to the internal and external stakeholders. The coming improvement initiatives should be moving towards the third wave, which emphasizes strongly future quality assurance in terms of relevance to the new paradigm of education concerning contextualized multiple intelligences (CMI), globalization, localization and individualization.
Enhancing the quality of online higher education through measurement
Authors: Zhao Fang
Published: October 2003

The quality of online higher education is often subject to scepticism and criticism. Is the quality of teaching and learning in the virtual classroom the same as in the conventional classroom? That is the question often raised by the stakeholders of universities. The present literature review has found that there has been a great deal of research about technology implementation in online education with regard to cost and efficiency savings, along with a number of studies on online pedagogy. Drawing on the current principal literature, this study explores a range of issues affecting the quality of online higher education; examines a variety of perspectives on criteria for quality online teaching and learning; and proposes a methodological framework for the measurement of both the process and outcomes of online teaching and learning. Considers that the enhancement of quality and effectiveness of online higher education requires a framework to be implemented within universities. The proposed framework provides a practical guide to the stakeholders of universities in the assessment of quality of the online teaching and learning.
Evolution of admission standards in response to curriculum integration
Authors: Lawrence John J. , Pharr Steven
Published: October 2003

Admission standards are commonly employed as a means of maintaining the quality of an academic program’s student pool, and as a result, the program itself. The past decade has seen a number of efforts to integrate academic content and incorporate models of team‐based learning. While the emphasis and demands of these programs have changed, as well as the expectations of incoming students, admission standards have not. This study considers whether undergraduate business admission requirements developed and validated for traditional curricula remain valid admission standards for integrated programs. The relationship between student performance in various predictor courses and performance in upper level business courses is compared for students in an integrated program and those taking the traditional curriculum. Results indicate that the traditional predictor courses remain valid predictors of performance for the integrated program. Additionally, opportunities for improvement exist in the addition of courses emphasizing communication and reasoning skills.
Effect of perceived brand origin associations on consumer perceptions of quality
Authors: Thakor Mrugank V. , Lavack Anne M.
Published: October 2003

Reviews recent work in the country of origin and brand name literatures regarding the formation of perceptions regarding perceived brand origin. Based on this review, presents six hypotheses concerning such perceptions, including their effect on consumers’ ratings of quality. Using real brands in two experiments, finds support for several of our hypotheses relating to the effects of country of component source, country of manufacture, and country of corporate ownership. In particular, finds that country of manufacture had no effect on product quality evaluations when country of corporate ownership was also present.
Developing a public school entrepreneurship inventory
Authors: Eyal Ori , Inbar Dan E.
Published: October 2003

Entrepreneurship is one of the fundamental strategies of business organizations. However, the unique characteristics of entrepreneurship in education have not been fully examined. This study examines the concept of entrepreneurship in a centralized educational system, presents a tool for measuring educational entrepreneurship, and demonstrates its relevance by inquiring into the relationship between a school's geo‐social location and entrepreneurial profiles. The public school entrepreneurship inventory was tested on a representative sample of 1,395 elementary school teachers within the Israeli public school system. The results demonstrate high reliability and convergent validity of the instrument. The study explores the different entrepreneurial profiles existing within the Israeli educational system, and demonstrates the instrument's use in studying the degrees of freedom for school entrepreneurship in the same national expanse. The study has found that school entrepreneurship in the periphery is better able to exploit the freedom existing within the system than school entrepreneurship in the center. In all cases, however, this freedom is limited and schools’ entrepreneurship cannot go much beyond what is legitimized by the system. These findings are then explained by reference to the canonical mechanisms that serve as constant points of reference in a centralized educational system.
The persistence of autocratic management in small firms
Authors: Jones Oswald
Published: October 2003

TCS (previously the Teaching Company Scheme), claimed to be the UKs premier technology transfer mechanism, employs recent graduates to improve the competitiveness of primarily small and medium‐sized enterprises. The data are drawn from the author's experience of acting as academic supervisor on a two‐year TCS programme in PaperProds. Structuration theory acts as a “sensitising device” to the way in which the actions and discourses of owner‐managers in small firms exercise power. The author demonstrates the way in which managerial concerns with the “bottom line” gradually subverts broader conceptions of company “competitiveness” which include improving the skills, knowledge and commitment of shopfloor employees. In this particular programme the TCS associate found that he constantly had to reconcile the managing director's view that workers were disposable factors of production with his own implicitly “humanist” perspective.
Retention strategies in aerospace turnover: a case study
Authors: Applebaum Steven H. , Wunderlich John , Greenstone Elliot , Grenier Danny , Shapiro Barbara , Leroux Donald , Troeger Felix
Published: October 2003

Reviews the literature on organizational commitment as a factor contributing to successful retention strategies focusing on the critical aerospace industry. Other areas reviewed include: personal, work and cultural values; trust and empowerment; ethical behaviour; charismatic leadership and job satisfaction as they impact on commitment and retention. A survey was designed and interviews conducted with engineers in one of the world’s premier providers of micro aviation component technologies for training and optimization solutions for aerospace and defence clients. Survey questions were designed from the literature to examine employee perceptions of all variables identified. Proposed solutions and recommendations are included to support the survey results that were relatively encouraging for the organization under study. The basic objective of engineer retention was supported. Final critical recommendations did correlate with the literature and findings of the study.
Re‐incarnating life in the careers of women
Authors: Pringle Judith K. , McCulloch Dixon Kathi
Published: October 2003

Career research has been synonymous with paid work. The ensuing result is a picture of women’s careers framed by men’s experiences. In this paper career development theory is briefly traced to provide a context for a proposed model of women’s careers. This broad, non‐linear model aims to be inclusive of a diverse range of experiences without being deterministic. Internal and external influences in the developmental processes of women are taken into account. The model is built around four facets: explore; focus; rebalance; and revive, each of which is separated by a reflective period of reassessment. Explanation of the model is extended through the use of illustrative cases drawn from previous research. This proposed model of women’s careers is aimed to stimulate and extend discussion and research.
Predictors of workaholic behaviors among Australian psychologists
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Burgess Zena , Oberklaid Fay
Published: October 2003

This study tested a model predicting workaholic job behaviors among Australian psychologists. The model and measures had been used in a previous study of Canadian business school graduates. Four blocks of predictors were examined using hierarchical regression analyses: personal demographics; work situation characteristics; workaholism antecedents (personal beliefs and fears, workplace values supporting work‐personal life imbalance); and workaholism components. Data were collected using anonymous self‐report questionnaires. Findings replicated previous work; both workaholism antecedents and workaholism components generally accounted for significant increments in variance on the validating job behaviors controlling for personal demographics and work situation characteristics.
Constraints on the conformation of the cytoplasmic face of dark‐adapted and light‐excited rhodopsin inferred from antirhodopsin antibody imprints
Authors: Bailey Brian W. , Mumey Brendan , Hargrave Paul A. , Arendt Anatol , Ernst Oliver P. , Hofmann Klaus Peter , Callis Patrik R. , Burritt James B. , Jesaitis Algirdas J. , Dratz Edward A.
Published: October 2003

Rhodopsin is the best‐understood member of the large G protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. The G‐protein amplification cascade is triggered by poorly understood light‐induced conformational changes in rhodopsin that are homologous to changes caused by agonists in other GPCRs. We have applied the “antibody imprint” method to light‐activated rhodopsin in native membranes by using nine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against aqueous faces of rhodopsin. Epitopes recognized by these mAbs were found by selection from random peptide libraries displayed on phage. A new computer algorithm, FINDMAP, was used to map the epitopes to discontinuous segments of rhodopsin that are distant in the primary sequence but are in close spatial proximity in the structure. The proximity of a segment of the N‐terminal and the loop between helices VI and VIII found by FINDMAP is consistent with the X‐ray structure of the dark‐adapted rhodopsin. Epitopes to the cytoplasmic face segregated into two classes with different predicted spatial proximities of protein segments that correlate with different preferences of the antibodies for stabilizing the metarhodopsin I or metarhodopsin II conformations of light‐excited rhodopsin. Epitopes of antibodies that stabilize metarhodopsin II indicate conformational changes from dark‐adapted rhodopsin, including rearrangements of the C‐terminal tail and altered exposure of the cytoplasmic end of helix VI, a portion of the C‐3 loop, and helix VIII. As additional antibodies are subjected to antibody imprinting, this approach should provide increasingly detailed information on the conformation of light‐excited rhodopsin and be applicable to structural studies of other challenging protein targets.