bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autologous, allogeneic, induced pluripotent stem cell or a combination stem cell therapy? Where are we headed in cartilage repair and why: a concise review
Authors: Vonk Lucienne A. , de Windt Tommy S. , Slaper-Cortenbach Ineke C. M. , Saris Daniël B. F.
Published: May 2015

The evolution of articular cartilage repair procedures has resulted in a variety of cell-based therapies that use both autologous and allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). As these cells are increasingly available and show promising results both in vitro and in vivo, cell-based strategies, which aim to improve ease of use and cost-effectiveness, are progressively explored. The use of MSCs in cartilage repair makes it possible to develop single-stage cell-based therapies. However, true single-stage procedures rely on one intervention, which will limit cell sources to fraction concentrates containing autologous MSCs or culture-expanded allogeneic MSCs. So far, it seems both autologous and allogeneic cells can safely be applied, but clinical studies are still ongoing and little information on clinical outcome is available. Further development of cell-based therapies may lead to clinical-grade, standardized, off-the-shelf products with easy handling for orthopedic surgeons. Although as of yet no preclinical or clinical studies are ongoing which explore the use of induced pluripotent stem cells for cartilage repair, a good manufacturing practice-grade induced pluripotent stem cell line might become the basis for such a product in the future, providing that cell fate can be controlled. The use of stem cells in clinical trials brings along new ethical issues, such as proper controls and selecting primary outcome measures. More clinical trials are needed to estimate detailed risk-benefit ratios and trials must be carefully designed to minimize risks and burdens for patients while choosing outcome measures that allow for adequate comparison with results from similar trials. In this review, we discuss the different aspects of new stem cell-based treatments, including safety and ethical issues, as well as provide an overview of current clinical trials exploring these approaches and future perspectives.
Two Zebrafish hsd3b Genes Are Distinct in Function, Expression, and Evolution
Authors: Lin Jen-Chieh , Hu Shing , Ho Pei-Hung , Hsu Hwei-Jan , Postlethwait John H. , Chung Bon-chu
Published: May 2015

HSD3B catalyzes the synthesis of δ4 steroids such as progesterone in the adrenals and gonads. Individuals lacking HSD3B2 activity experience congenital adrenal hyperplasia with imbalanced steroid synthesis. To develop a zebrafish model of HSD3B deficiency, we characterized 2 zebrafish hsd3b genes. Our phylogenetic and conserved synteny analyses showed that the tandemly duplicated human HSD3B1 and HSD3B2 genes are coorthologs of zebrafish hsd3b1 on chromosome 9 (Dre9), whereas the gene called hsd3b2 resides on Dre20 in an ancestral chromosome segment, from which its ortholog was lost in the tetrapod lineage. Zebrafish hsd3b1(Dre 9) was expressed in adult gonads and headkidney, which contains interrenal glands, the zebrafish counterpart of the tetrapod adrenal. Knockdown of hsd3b1(Dre 9) caused the interrenal and anterior pituitary to expand and pigmentation to increase, resembling human HSD3B2 deficiency. The zebrafish hsd3b2(Dre 20) gene was expressed in zebrafish early embryos as maternal transcripts that disappeared 1 day after fertilization. Morpholino inactivation of hsd3b2(Dre 20) led to embryo elongation, which was rescued by the injection of hsd3b2 mRNA. Thus, zebrafish hsd3b2(Dre 20) evolved independently of hsd3b1(Dre 9) with a morphogenetic function during early embryogenesis. Zebrafish hsd3b1(Dre 9), on the contrary, functions like mammalian HSD3B2, whose deficiency leads to congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
The Plantation-Auschwitz Tradition: Forced Labor and Free Markets in the Novels of William Styron
Authors: Christmas Danielle
Published: May 2015

In William Styron’s Sophie’s Choice and The Confessions of Nat Turner, and the responses to his novels, two contrasting discourses emerge: a commitment to the idea that histories of slavery and the Holocaust can be explained by economic motives, on one hand, and, on the other, a commitment to the idea that these histories are defined by racial sentiments against blacks and Jews, respectively. This essay considers Styron’s commitment to the economic explanation alongside the fate of that explanation in Robert William Fogel and Stanley Engerman’s controversial history of slavery, Time on the Cross. All of these works were controversial because critics claimed they failed to take racism seriously and, in failing to do so, produced exculpatory accounts of Holocaust and slavery perpetrators.
Optical Properties of Three Differently Colored Crystal Modifications of a 2,3-Dicyanopyrazine Dye
Authors: Okada Naoya , Eto Ryohei , Horiguchi-Babamoto Emi , Kobayashi Takashi , Naito Hiroyoshi , Shiro Motoo , Takahashi Hiromi , Matsumoto Shinya
Published: May 2015

Optical properties of three crystal modifications of 5-t-butyl-2,3-dicyano-6-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]pyrazine having different color appearances were measured and interpreted on the basis of crystal structure analysis. Two of the three modifications exhibited a bathochromic spectral shift both in absorption and fluorescence compared with those in a toluene solution of the dye. The crystal structure analysis revealed that a two-dimensional brick-wall structure is formed in both modifications. In contrast, the third modification showed a hypsochromic absorption shift with a large bathochromic fluorescence shift. The crystal structure of this modification was characterized by a one-dimensional stacked molecular column. The optical characteristics of the three modifications were qualitatively interpreted in terms of excitonic intermolecular interaction on the basis of their crystal structures.
Main Group Lewis Acids in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry: Beyond Electrophilic Boranes
Authors: Weicker Sarah A , Stephan Douglas W
Published: May 2015

The advent of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry almost a decade ago was based on the reactivity of sterically encumbered combinations of electrophilic boranes and phosphines with hydrogen. Since that time the chemistry has broadened dramatically in terms of reactivity and applications. Nonetheless, the majority of the work has continued to exploit the borane B(C6F5)3. In this review, we describe FLP chemistry that has developed by employing alternatives to this Lewis acid. Lewis acids derived from group 13, 14, and 15 based systems are described, thus demonstrating a growing area in the main group reactivity based on FLPs.
Professional Identity of Learners in Foreign Lifetime Learning System
Authors: Лысенко  , Lysenko V. , Демченко  , Demchenko A. , Липатова  , Lipatova S.
Published: May 2015

The article considers the problem of formation of students’ professional identity in the system of continuous education abroad, and reveals issues related

to professional identity, professional training and continuing education.
On Constructing the System of Elective Math Courses in Subject Oriented Education
Authors: Мардахаева  , Mardakhaeva Elena
Published: May 2015

Тhe paper is aimed to help the inconsistency between the training of school graduates and requirements of universities for first-year students through

the creation of training courses in profession-oriented classes. A variant of construction of elective courses for subject oriented classes is exemplified

though the analysis of several topics from «Mathematics and Informatics». A sample program of elective course «Arithmetic and geometric progression

and introduction to the theory of limits» recommended for all profiles is displayed. On the basis of these principles it is possible to develop other programs

of elective courses for majoring classes on various subjects. The program contains all the necessary components, along with examples of tasks, materials

for practical classes and individual work.
Comment on H. Nicholas's Paper “What is the Problem with Neoclassical Price Theory?”
Authors: Ezra Davar
Published: May 2015

This comment shows that Walras, the central figure among the Neoclassical school founders, describes a comprehensive theory of production, capital and money; hence, Nicholas's main claims that “the Neoclassical approach has a fundamentally flawed view of the determination of commodity prices because it conceives of them as being formed in the first instance in the process of exchange abstracting, in the sense of ignoring, production and money” are not based on Walras's theory, and they are unfounded and incorrect. Nicholas accepts the erroneous method of post-Walras authors, namely, when they discuss Walras's approach, the economy is presented either through the exchange economy or through the production economy; moreover, these representations differ from his original model and are incomplete. The result is that these two different theories, post-Walras authors' theory and Walras's original theory, have been identified with each other; and these terms are used interchangeably as if they are not any different from each other.
The role of the economic and behavioral circumstances in the IAS/IFRSâ€™s adoption (the case of developing countries)
Authors: Riahi Olfa , Khoufi Walid
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we suggest to study the impact of economic and behavioral factors on the decision to adopt IFRS in developing countries until the year 2013.By using the accounting approach of â€œinstitutional â€“environmentâ€ determinism and based on a sample of 76 developing countries. This work has allowed us to conclude that behavioral factors, mainly corruption, influence more than economic factors the decision of adopting or not IFRS by developing countries.
Objectos da Escola? Quando Novos Personagens Entram Em Cena
Authors: Gaspar da Silva Vera Lucia , De Graca Cruz Dominues Amante Lucia
Published: May 2015

Pretendemos refletir neste artigo acerca dos desafios da prática docente diante das tecnologias, aqui entendidas como componentes materiais da prática pedagógica. A intenção é articular uma reflexão que situe historicamente a entrada de diferentes objetos na cena educativa e retomar alguns elementos sobre sua relação com diferentes concepções teóricas clássicas sobre o processo de aprendizagem, bem como sua relação com as atuais concepções conectivistas. Equaciona-se e discute-se ainda a difícil articulação entre a inovação tecnológica e a escola, defendendo-se o reforço da profissionalidade docente e destacando-se os desafios que se colocam aos educadores na contemporaneidade, tendo em vista colocar os novos objetos tecnológicos a serviço da pedagogia e da aprendizagem na escola da era digital.
A depressão pós-parto e a figura materna : uma análise retrospectiva e contextual.
Authors: Pavão Corrêa Fernanda , Aparecida Serralha Conceição
Published: May 2015

Este estudo, de caráter exploratório-descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa, pretendeu buscar na fala de mulheres que foram acometidas pela depressão pós-parto, vivências em relação à maternidade que tiveram com suas próprias mães, e verificar se essas vivências influenciaram no desencadeamento da depressão. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com cinco mães e, posteriormente, analisados por meio da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria das participantes demonstrou relação conflituosa com suas mães e trouxeram fortes indícios de que os modelos de mulher (lugar e papel sociais) e de maternidade vivenciados e internalizados pelas participantes do estudo tiveram influência no desencadeamento e agravamento da depressão que as acometeu após o parto. O estudo avançou neste sentido, uma vez que tais modelos maternos sempre foram relacionados ao desempenho da jovem mãe, mas não ao surgimento e desenvolvimento da depressão. Tais indícios podem, assim, fomentar novos estudos que confirmem e ampliem esse conhecimento.
Factores protectores de la depresión en una muestra de adultos mayores en Puerto Rico : autoeficacia, escolaridad y otras variables socio-demográficas.
Authors: Serra Taylor José A , Irizarry-Robles Carol Y
Published: May 2015

El objetivo de esta investigación descriptiva-correlacional fue evaluar la relación entre autoeficacia, escolaridad y síntomas depresivos para identificar factores protectores de la depresión en una muestra de personas de edad avanzada de la población de Puerto Rico. Además, se examinaron otras variables sociodemográficas como el estado civil, con quién residen y el sexo, en relación con la autoeficacia y los síntomas depresivos. Se seleccionaron por disponibilidad 45 participantes con edades entre 60 y 86 años (M=69; DE=7.37). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Autoevaluativa de la Depresión de Zung (1965) y la Escala de Autoeficacia General de Baessler y Schwarcer (1996). La hipótesis planteó que, a mayor autoeficacia y escolaridad, menor sería el nivel de los síntomas depresivos en una muestra de adultos mayores de Puerto Rico. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron pruebas t y los Coeficientes de Correlación de Pearson y de Regresión Múltiple. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para la autoeficacia y la escolaridad entre quienes no presentaban depresión y los que presentaban depresión moderada o severa. Además, se encontraron mayores niveles de depresión y menores niveles de autoeficacia en quienes habían enviudado. Los resultados sugieren que altos niveles de escolaridad y autoeficacia son factores protectores de la depresión en los adultos mayores, mientras que la viudez es un factor de riesgo para la depresión.
Relación entre liderazgo transformacional y transaccional con la conducta de compartir conocimiento en dos empresas de servicios.
Authors: Durán Gamba Marta Gisela , Castañeda Zapata Delio Ignacio
Published: May 2015

El objetivo fue describir la relación entre el liderazgo transformacional-transaccional del líder con la conducta de compartir conocimiento de los colaboradores. Utilizando un diseño descriptivo-correlacional con análisis regresional y un muestreo incidental, se valoraron 150 trabajadores de dos empresas de Bogotá: 14 líderes y 136 colaboradores. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el Multifactor Leadership Questionarie de Bass & Avolio adaptado por Vega & Zavala (2004) y la escala de Compartir Conocimiento de Castañeda (2010). El análisis estadístico se realizó con el paquete estadístico IBM-SPSS STATISTIC 20,0. Entre los líderes se encontró que el 43% se caracteriza por un liderazgo de baja efectividad (bajo nivel transformacional y transaccional) y el 40%, por un liderazgo de rango completo (alto nivel transformacional y transaccional). En los colaboradores, el compartir conocimiento puntuó entre 4,3 y 5,4/6,0; sobresale compartir experiencias e ideas y, en menor nivel, compartir documentos y conocimientos. Desde la perspectiva de los jefes, el liderazgo transaccional correlacionó significativamente (r=0,63; p=0,01) con compartir conocimiento, pero esta conducta no correlacionó con el liderazgo transformacional (r=0,39; p=0,084). En los colaboradores, el liderazgo transformacional y el transaccional mostraron una relación significativa con compartir conocimiento (r=0,29; p<0,001; r=0,26; p=0,001, respectivamente). Se concluyó que en los líderes, el liderazgo transaccional se relaciona con la conducta de compartir conocimiento, y las recompensas tienen un rol importante. No se confirmó la relación entre liderazgo transformacional y la conducta de compartir conocimiento, pero ésta si se da en los colaboradores. Se sugiere a la cultura organizacional como variable mediadora en la relación entre liderazgo transformacional y compartir conocimiento.><0,001; r=0,26; p=0,001, respectivamente). Se concluyó que en los líderes, el liderazgo transaccional se relaciona con la conducta de compartir conocimiento, y las recompensas tienen un rol importante. No se confirmó la relación entre liderazgo transformacional y la conducta de compartir conocimiento, pero ésta si se da en los colaboradores. Se sugiere a la cultura organizacional como variable mediadora en la relación entre liderazgo transformacional y compartir conocimiento.
Habilitación de los modos activos del lenguaje a partir del modo reactivo observar
Authors: Gómez Fuentes Agustín Daniel , Zepeta García Enrique , García Pérez Zaira Jacqueline , Molina López Cecilia Magdalena
Published: May 2015

El propósito del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de habilitación lingüística en los modos activos del lenguaje señalar, hablar y escribir a partir del modo reactivo observar. Participaron 15 estudiantes experimentalmente ingenuos, doce hombres y tres mujeres, de 14 años de edad, alumnos de tercer grado de una escuela secundaria pública de la ciudad de Xalapa. Se utilizó un arreglo experimental de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden con figuras geométricas y un diseño experimental de tres grupos con prueba inicial, fase de familiarización, fase de exposición y prueba de habilitación. Los resultados sugieren que la exposición al modo observar habilitó las respuestas de igualación en los tres modos activos del lenguaje con distintos niveles de ejecución. El máximo nivel se obtuvo en hablar, el segundo en escribir y el mínimo en señalar. El porcentaje de respuestas de discriminación fue un poco más alto en semejanza en color, seguido por diferencia en color y forma, y un poco más bajo en semejanza en forma. Los resultados se discuten con base en el concepto de habilitación lingüística.
Traducción, adaptación al español y validación de la escala de bienestar mental de WARWICK-EDINBURGH en una muestra de adultos mayores argentinos.
Authors: Serrani Azcurra Daniel
Published: May 2015

El estudio analiza las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la Escala de Bienestar Mental de WarwickEdinburgh luego de realizar la traducción directa y revertida y su adaptación al español. Se validó la escala mediante su aplicación a una muestra de 910 adultos mayores argentinos, con edades comprendidas entre 71 y 96 años (media 81.4 años; DE 10.9 años). Se obtuvieron los siguientes indicadores: distribución de respuestas, consistencia interna, confiabilidad test-retest, validez de constructo, y se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. En cuatro de los ítems se debieron modificar los términos para mantener la equivalencia conceptual con el original. El índice de confiabilidad alfa de Cronbach (0.89), la correlación ítem-escala total (0.41-0.78), el índice test-retest medido mediante el coeficiente de correlación intra-clase (CCI) (0.91) mostraron un nivel satisfactorio. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró un RMSEA de 0.054, considerado aceptable; un valor CFI igual a 0.963, un valor de NNFI 0.925 (levemente inferior al deseado) y un GFI con un valor de 0.991. Se obtuvo una solución de dos factores, por lo cual no se pudo sostener la hipótesis de uni-dimensionalidad de la escala original. Se concluye que la escala traducida y adaptada al español para una muestra de adultos mayores no institucionalizados tiene un ajuste adecuado, con alta consistencia interna y buena confiabilidad test-retest, con iguales valores de constructo que el instrumento original, lo que permitiría su uso en la población adulta mayor.
Social Effects in the In-Flight Marketplace: Characterization and Managerial Implications
Authors: Gardete Pedro M.
Published: May 2015

This article investigates the in-flight marketplace, using detailed data of in-flight purchases to understand social effects in purchase behavior and determine their potential for designing marketing promotions. On average, a passenger is approximately 30% more likely to buy an item after being exposed to a lateral purchase. Analyses on the underlying mechanisms reveal that the classical social influence theories do not suffice to explain all the patterns in the data. The author proposes omission neglect, product contagion, and goal balancing as complementary theories. Finally, consumers’ willingness to buy is shown to be positively correlated with responsiveness to social influence. This finding indicates that homophily and social feedback effects—classically viewed in the literature as nuisances—can provide targeting value for the firm. By taking these factors into account during behavior-based targeting, firms can double the social spillovers of marketing actions.
Adverse effects of glucocorticoids: coagulopathy
Authors: Coelho Maria Caroline Alves , Santos Camila Vicente , Neto Leonardo Vieira , Gadelha Mônica R
Published: May 2015

Hypercortisolism is associated with various systemic manifestations, including central obesity, arterial hypertension, glucose intolerance/diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, nephrolithiasis, osteoporosis, gonadal dysfunction, susceptibility to infections, psychiatric disorders, and hypercoagulability. The activation of the hemostatic system contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have identified an increased risk of both unprovoked and postoperative thromboembolic events in patients with endogenous and exogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS). The risk for postoperative venous thromboembolism in endogenous CS is comparable to the risk after total hip or knee replacement under short-term prophylaxis. The mechanisms that are involved in the thromboembolic complications in hypercortisolism include endothelial dysfunction, hypercoagulability, and stasis (Virchow's triad). It seems that at least two factors from Virchow's triad must be present for the occurrence of a thrombotic event in these patients. Most studies have demonstrated that this hypercoagulable state is explained by increased levels of procoagulant factors, mainly factors VIII, IX, and von Willebrand factor, and also by an impaired fibrinolytic capacity, which mainly results from an elevation in plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Consequently, there is a shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time and increased thrombin generation. For these reasons, anticoagulant prophylaxis might be considered in patients with CS whenever they have concomitant prothrombotic risk factors. However, multicenter studies are needed to determine which patients will benefit from anticoagulant therapy and the dose and time of anticoagulation.
Carfilzomib is an effective anticancer agent in anaplastic thyroid cancer
Authors: Mehta Amit , Zhang Lisa , Boufraqech Myriem , Zhang Yaqin , Patel Dhaval , Shen Min , Kebebew Electron
Published: May 2015

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most aggressive human malignancies. Currently, there is no standard or effective therapy for ATC. Drug repurposing for cancer treatment is an emerging approach for identifying compounds that may have antineoplastic effects. The aim of this study was to use high-throughput drug library screening to identify and subsequently validate novel therapeutic agents with anticancer effects in ATC. We performed quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) in ATC cell lines (SW-1736, 8505C, and C-643), using a compound library of 3282 drugs. qHTS identified 100 compounds that were active in all three ATC cell lines. Proteasome inhibitors were one of the most active drug categories according to enrichment analysis. Of the three proteasome inhibitors screened, a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, carfilzomib, was the most active. Treatment of ATC cells with carfilzomib significantly inhibited cellular proliferation and induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Mechanistically, carfilzomib increased expression of p27 (CDKN1B) and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein ATF4. Pretreatment with carfilzomib reducedin vivometastases (lung, bone, liver, and kidney) and disease progression, and decreased N-cadherin expression. Carfilzomib treatment of mice with established, widely metastatic disease significantly increased their survival, without significant toxicity. Our findings support the use or clinical study of carfilzomib as a therapeutic option in patients with advanced and metastatic ATC.
Expression of ERG protein in prostate cancer: variability and biological correlates
Authors: Ayala Gustavo , Frolov Anna , Chatterjee Deyali , He Dandan , Hilsenbeck Susan , Ittmann Michael
Published: May 2015

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death of men in the USA. TheTMPRSS2/ERG (T/E)fusion gene is present in approximately 50% of prostate cancers and promotes tumor progressionin vivo. The presence of theT/Efusion gene is strongly associated with the expression of ERG protein, but emerging evidence indicates a significant interfocal and intrafocal variability in the levels of ERG protein expression. We therefore analyzed ERG protein expression by image analysis to objectively quantitate the extent of such heterogeneity, and confirmed significant interfocal and intrafocal variability of ERG protein expression levels in cancer expressing ERG. To define the pathways associated with ERG and its variable expression in prostate cancer, we have analyzed the correlations of ERG expression, as evaluated by immunohistochemistry, with 46 key proteins associated with signal transduction, transcriptional control, and other processes using a large tissue microarray with more than 500 prostate cancers. We found a significant correlation of ERG expression with the markers of activation of the PI3K, MYC, and NFκB pathways, which had previously been linked directly or indirectly to ERG expression. We have also identified significant correlations with novel proteins that have not been previously linked to ERG expression, including serum response factor, the p160 coactivator SRC1, and Sprouty1. Notably, SKP2 only correlated with a high level of ERG protein expression. Thus ERG expression is variable in prostate cancer and is associated with activation of multiple pathways and proteins including several potentially targetable pathways.
The molecular basis of the non-thyroidal illness syndrome
Authors: de Vries Emmely M , Fliers Eric , Boelen Anita
Published: May 2015

The ‘sick euthyroid syndrome’ or ‘non-thyroidal illness syndrome’ (NTIS) occurs in a large proportion of hospitalized patients and comprises a variety of alterations in the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid (HPT) axis that are observed during illness. One of the hallmarks of NTIS is decreased thyroid hormone (TH) serum concentrations, often viewed as an adaptive mechanism to save energy. Downregulation of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and of TSH production in the pituitary gland points to disturbed negative feedback regulation during illness. In addition to these alterations in the central component of the HPT axis, changes in TH metabolism occur in a variety of TH target tissues during NTIS, dependent on the timing, nature and severity of the illness. Cytokines, released during illness, are known to affect a variety of genes involved in TH metabolism and are therefore considered a major determinant of NTIS. The availability ofin vivoandin vitromodels for NTIS has elucidated part of the mechanisms involved in the sometimes paradoxical changes in the HPT axis and TH responsive tissues. However, the pathogenesis of NTIS is still incompletely understood. This review focusses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the tissue changes in TH metabolism and discusses the gaps that still require further research.
Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of Paralogous Terminal Septin Subunits Shs1 and Cdc11 inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Finnigan Gregory C , Takagi Julie , Cho Christina , Thorner Jeremy
Published: May 2015

Septins are a family of GTP-binding proteins considered to be cytoskeletal elements because they self-assemble into filaments and other higher-order structures in vivo. In budding yeast, septins establish a diffusion barrier at the bud neck between a mother and daughter cell, promote membrane curvature there, and serve as a scaffold to recruit other proteins to the site of cytokinesis. However, the mechanism by which any septin engages a partner protein has been unclear. The two most related and recently evolved subunits appear to be Cdc11 and Shs1, and the basic building blocks for assembling septin structures are hetero-octameric rods (Cdc11–Cdc12–Cdc3–Cdc10–Cdc10–Cdc3–Cdc12–Cdc11 and Shs1–Cdc12–Cdc3–Cdc10–Cdc10–Cdc3–Cdc12–Shs1). Loss of Cdc11 is not normally tolerated, whereas cells lacking Shs1 do not appear grossly abnormal. We established several different sensitized genetic backgrounds wherein Shs1 is indispensable, which allowed us to carry out the first comprehensive and detailed genetic analysis of Shs1  in vivo. Our analysis revealed several novel insights, including: (i) the sole portion of Shs1 essential for its function is a predicted coiled-coil-forming segment in its C-terminal extension (CTE); (ii) the CTE of Cdc11 shares this function; (iii) this role for the CTEs of Cdc11 and Shs1 is quite distinct from that of the CTEs of Cdc3 and Cdc12; and (iv) heterotypic Cdc11 and Shs1 junctions likely occur in vivo.

Related article in GENETICS: Finnigan, G. C. et al., 2015 The Carboxy-Terminal Tails of Septins Cdc11 and Shs1 Recruit Myosin-II Binding Factor Bni5 to the Bud Neck in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 200:  843–862.
The Rate and Molecular Spectrum of Spontaneous Mutations in the GC-Rich Multichromosome Genome of Burkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: Dillon Marcus M , Sung Way , Lynch Michael , Cooper Vaughn S
Published: May 2015

Spontaneous mutations are ultimately essential for evolutionary change and are also the root cause of many diseases. However, until recently, both biological and technical barriers have prevented detailed analyses of mutation profiles, constraining our understanding of the mutation process to a few model organisms and leaving major gaps in our understanding of the role of genome content and structure on mutation. Here, we present a genome-wide view of the molecular mutation spectrum in Burkholderia cenocepacia, a clinically relevant pathogen with high %GC content and multiple chromosomes. We find that B. cenocepacia has low genome-wide mutation rates with insertion–deletion mutations biased toward deletions, consistent with the idea that deletion pressure reduces prokaryotic genome sizes. Unlike prior studies of other organisms, mutations in B. cenocepacia are not AT biased, which suggests that at least some genomes with high %GC content experience unusual base-substitution mutation pressure. Importantly, we also observe variation in both the rates and spectra of mutations among chromosomes and elevated G:C > T:A transversions in late-replicating regions. Thus, although some patterns of mutation appear to be highly conserved across cellular life, others vary between species and even between chromosomes of the same species, potentially influencing the evolution of nucleotide composition and genome architecture.
The Transient Inactivation of the Master Cell Cycle Phosphatase Cdc14 Causes Genomic Instability in Diploid Cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Quevedo Oliver , Ramos-Pérez Cristina , Petes Thomas D , Machín Félix
Published: May 2015

Genomic instability is a common feature found in cancer cells . Accordingly, many tumor suppressor genes identified in familiar cancer syndromes are involved in the maintenance of the stability of the genome during every cell division and are commonly referred to as caretakers. Inactivating mutations and epigenetic silencing of caretakers are thought to be the most important mechanisms that explain cancer-related genome instability. However, little is known of whether transient inactivation of caretaker proteins could trigger genome instability and, if so, what types of instability would occur. In this work, we show that a brief and reversible inactivation, during just one cell cycle, of the key phosphatase Cdc14 in the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae is enough to result in diploid cells with multiple gross chromosomal rearrangements and changes in ploidy. Interestingly, we observed that such transient loss yields a characteristic fingerprint whereby trisomies are often found in small-sized chromosomes, and gross chromosome rearrangements, often associated with concomitant loss of heterozygosity, are detected mainly on the ribosomal DNA-bearing chromosome XII. Taking into account the key role of Cdc14 in preventing anaphase bridges, resetting replication origins, and controlling spindle dynamics in a well-defined window within anaphase, we speculate that the transient loss of Cdc14 activity causes cells to go through a single mitotic catastrophe with irreversible consequences for the genome stability of the progeny.
Chromosome-Specific Painting in Cucumis Species Using Bulked Oligonucleotides
Authors: Han Yonghua , Zhang Tao , Thammapichai Paradee , Weng Yiqun , Jiang Jiming
Published: May 2015

Chromosome-specific painting is a powerful technique in molecular cytogenetic and genome research. We developed an oligonucleotide (oligo)-based chromosome painting technique in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) that will be applicable in any plant species with a sequenced genome. Oligos specific to a single chromosome of cucumber were identified using a newly developed bioinformatic pipeline and then massively synthesized de novo in parallel. The synthesized oligos were amplified and labeled with biotin or digoxigenin for use in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). We developed three different probes with each containing 23,000–27,000 oligos. These probes spanned 8.3–17 Mb of DNA on targeted cucumber chromosomes and had the densities of 1.5–3.2 oligos per kilobases. These probes produced FISH signals on a single cucumber chromosome and were used to paint homeologous chromosomes in other Cucumis species diverged from cucumber for up to 12 million years. The bulked oligo probes allowed us to track a single chromosome in early stages during meiosis. We were able to precisely map the pairing between cucumber chromosome 7 and chromosome 1 of Cucumis hystrix in a F1 hybrid. These two homeologous chromosomes paired in 71% of prophase I cells but only 25% of metaphase I cells, which may provide an explanation of the higher recombination rates compared to the chiasma frequencies between homeologous chromosomes reported in plant hybrids.
Biology of the Sinus Node and its Disease
Authors: Choudhury Moinuddin , Boyett Mark R , Morris Gwilym M ,   Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,   Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,   Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK. E: Gwilym.Morris@manchester.ac.uk
Published: May 2015

The sinoatrial node (SAN) is the normal pacemaker of the heart and SAN dysfunction (SND) is common, but until recently the pathophysiology was incompletely understood. It was usually attributed to idiopathic age-related fibrosis and cell atrophy or ischaemia. It is now evident that changes in the electrophysiology of the SAN, known as electrical remodelling, is an important process that has been demonstrated in SND associated with heart failure, ageing, diabetes, atrial fibrillation and endurance exercise. Furthermore, familial SND has been identified and mutations have been characterised in key pacemaker genes of the SAN. This review summarises the current evidence regarding SAN function and the pathophysiology of SND.
Transformation of agricultural lands
Authors: Perovych Igor , Kereush Daria
Published: May 2015

One of the methods of land transformation is linear programming method, which is called the
simplex method. Its application allows us quickly and efficiently to build a model of optimal
use of land resources and helps to find such combination of the lands, that allows us to obtain
the maximum yield in money equivalent with given resources. The application of methods of
remote sensing (RS) as spatial information to solve the problems of land management, including
land transformation, becomes the most optimal in modern conditions.
Where is the rural territorial development going? Reflections on the theory and practice
Authors: Magel Holger
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the results of broad analyses of current situations in the field of rural development in Bavaria and the Federal Republic of Germany. It focuses on programs and European
Union legal and financial frameworks in the years 2014–2020. The author proposes many ideas
or approaches that can be applicable to all rural development actors, such as politicians, local governments administrators, scientists and local communities. In addition, the author presents own experiences as a former Head of Department and Director General of the Bavarian
Administration of Rural Development in the Bavarian State Ministry of Food, Agriculture and
Forestry. Also, the author’s experience as a university professor is invaluable. Its conclusions
evoke further research and implementation for projects in the field of rural development, for
both research and teaching institutions and administration at all levels – from European Union
to the municipal level.
BDOT500 database of physical topographic objects — basic qualitative analysis
Authors: Ślusarski Marek
Published: May 2015

Official databases, which gather spatial data, should include sets of metadata, which serve to
describe the information within. The fundamental element of a metadata set consists in the
features describing the quality and relative importance of geospatial data. In the present work,
we propose a method for the evaluation of database quality pertaining to databases of topographic objects (BDOT500) based on four criteria: location accuracy, completeness, validity (in
the sense of being up to date) and logical coherence. Overall quality evaluation of the BDOT500
database was carried out using the calculation of two estimation factors: average absolute value
and the coefficient of average variation. The method described herein is a useful device, which
allows for a quick and credible evaluation of the BDOT500 data quality at a basic level. Applying
the method does not require involving any additional means, as all the necessary information is
already recorded inside the database.
Association of IL-6 and CRP gene polymorphisms with obesity and metabolic disorders in children and adolescents
Authors: Todendi Pâmela F. , Klinger Elisa I. , Ferreira Michele B. , Reuter Cézane P. , Burgos Miria S. , Possuelo Lia G. , Valim Andréia R.M.
Published: May 2015

Activation of adipose tissue inflammation is associated with obesity caused by lipid accumulation in adipocytes. Through this activation, proinflammatory cytokines, such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) seem to influence metabolic disorders. The present study evaluated whether polymorphisms in the CRP (rs1205) and IL-6 (rs1800795, rs2069845) genes are associated with the development of metabolic disorders in children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed, consisting of 470 students from the municipality of Santa Cruz do Sul, Brazil, aged 7-17 years. Body mass index (BMI) was classified according to overweight and obesity. Genotyping was performed by real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR). Anthropometric characteristics, biochemical markers, immunological markers and blood pressure were assessed. Descriptive statistics, chi-square and logistic regression were used for the analyses. No association was detected between the rs1800795 polymorphism and the assessed variables. Individuals with the risk genotype in the rs1205 gene were associated with the risk of developing hypercholesterolemia (OR 2.79; CI 1.40, 5.57; p = 0.003). Carriers of the risk genotype in the rs2069845 gene are associated with the risk of developing obesity (OR 3.07; CI 1.08, 8.72; p = 0.03). The polymorphism rs2069845 was associated with obesity and rs1205 was associated with the risk of developing hypercholesterolemia in Brazilian schoolchildren.
Mangroves Response to Climate Change: A Review of Recent Findings on Mangrove Extension and Distribution
Authors: Godoy Mario D.P. , Lacerda Luiz D. de
Published: May 2015

Mangroves function as a natural coastline protection for erosion and inundation, providing important environmental services. Due to their geographical distribution at the continent-ocean interface, the mangrove habitat may suffer heavy impacts from global climate change, maximized by local human activities occurring in a given coastal region. This review analyzed the literature published over the last 25 years, on the documented response of mangroves to environmental change caused by global climate change, taking into consideration 104 case studies and predictive modeling, worldwide. Most studies appeared after the year 2000, as a response to the 1997 IPCC report. Although many reports showed that the world's mangrove area is decreasing due to direct anthropogenic pressure, several others, however, showed that in a variety of habitats mangroves are expanding as a response to global climate change. Worldwide, pole ward migration is extending the latitudinal limits of mangroves due to warmer winters and decreasing the frequency of extreme low temperatures, whereas in low-lying coastal plains, mangroves are migrating landward due to sea level rise, as demonstrated for the NE Brazilian coast. Taking into consideration climate change alone, mangroves in most areas will display a positive response. In some areas however, such as low-lying oceanic islands, such as in the Pacific and the Caribbean, and constrained coastlines, such as the SE Brazilian coast, mangroves will most probably not survive.
Quem é Classe Média no Brasil? Um Estudo sobre Identidades de Classe*
Authors: Salata André Ricardo
Published: May 2015

Este artigo busca contribuir para o debate atual sobre a classe média no Brasil, tendo como foco as identidades de classe e percepções dos brasileiros sobre a classe média. Na última década milhares de indivíduos atingiram níveis intermediários de renda, e passaram a fazer parte da camada mediana da população. No entanto, partimos da hipótese de que esses indivíduos não seriam aqueles que mais tipicamente se identificariam com essa classe. A fim de testá-la, trabalhamos com os dados provenientes da “Pesquisa sobre Classe Média” (Cesop/Unicamp, 2008), fazendo uso de estatísticas descritivas e modelos multivariados. Os resultados alcançados mostram que os indivíduos de perfil socioeconômico intermediário não são aqueles que habitualmente se percebem como classe média. De fato, é apenas entre aqueles mais privilegiados que podemos verificar uma identificação mais provável com esta classe. Além disso, também fica evidente que a imagem que se faz da classe média no Brasil diz respeito aos setores mais abastados, e não intermediários, da população.
“Dar uma Zoada”, “Botar a Maior Marra”: Dispositivos Morais de Jocosidade como Formas de Efetivação e sua Relação com a Crítica
Authors: Werneck Alexandre
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o papel desempenhado pela jocosidade em situações de crítica, que poderiam resultar em conflitos, mas que, por meio de dispositivos morais baseados no humor, mantêm a paz, sem prejuízo da própria crítica. O trabalho, baseado na observação etnográfica em ruas de um bairro periférico e do centro do Rio de Janeiro, enfatiza dois dispositivos: por um lado, a “zoação”, na qual a crítica é apresentada como se não fosse séria ou relevante, mas proporcionando ainda assim a colocação de algo em questão; e, de outro, a “marra”, na qual se recusa de forma competitiva a posição moral superior produzida pela crítica, atacando-se jocosamente o crítico com outra crítica, iniciando-se assim uma disputa. Em ambos os casos, a coordenação entre a forma-crítica ea forma-piada permitirão uma dupla mecânica de efetivação, sustentando um slack crítico, segundo o qual a percepção de negatividades morais permanece circulante, mas sem debates formais sobre princípios e ruptura da rotina.
A Família Homoparental na Ficção Televisiva: As Práticas Narrativas do Brasil e da Espanha como Relatos das Novas Representações Afetivo-Amorosas
Authors: Mesquita Aline Martins , Pavia Carme Ferré
Published: May 2015

Este artigo analisa o tratamento da família homoparental nas televisões do Brasil e Espanha. Destaca-se a interdisciplinaridade entre família, sociedade e ficção através de um recorte das obras Hospital Central (Telecinco, 2000-2012) e Páginas da Vida (Rede Globo, 2006-2007), com análise, em ambos os casos, de atributos de uma família homoparental de cada, e análise textual de conteúdo. Foi aplicada também técnica de suporte metodológico por meio de questionários com coletivos homossexuais dos dois países, a fim de obter dados sobre consumo e percepção. Os resultados encontrados ratificam a representação articulada entre desejo e tradição nas relações, e a tendência das obras de evitar o estereótipo homossexual. Observa-se a prática narrativa atrevida da série espanhola e o tratamento aprofundado de um casal formado por duas mulheres, à diferença da novela brasileira, em que o amor entre dois homens apresentou restrição na abordagem afetivo-amorosa e paterno-filial. Finalmente, detectam-se elementos para uma nova linha de estudo internacional: a família homoparental na televisão.
Equivalência semântica e confiabilidade da versão em português da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale
Authors: Silva Hugo Rafael de Souza e , Areco Kelsy Catherina Nema , Bandiera-Paiva Paulo , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Garcia Anália Nusya de Medeiros , Silveira Dartiu Xavier da
Published: May 2015

Objetivo Avaliar a equivalência semântica e a confiabilidade da Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale para o português (Brasil). Métodos O processo consistiu em cinco passos: tradução; retradução; revisão técnica e avaliação da equivalência semântica por profissionais; avaliação do instrumento por compreensão verbal por uma amostra de profissionais (n = 10) e de estudantes (n = 37); análise de consistência interna e estabilidade por meio do coeficiente de Cronbach e coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) respectivamente, em uma amostra de 359 estudantes de graduação. Resultados O instrumento apresentou no fim um excelente nível de compreensão verbal pela população-alvo, alfa de Cronbach de 0,92 e CCI de 0,81. Conclusão A versão adaptada do instrumento para o uso em nosso ambiente resultou em um instrumento equivalente do ponto de visão de equivalência semântica, assegurando a transferência do significado geral e referencial, mantendo níveis satisfatórios de confiabilidade.
Compreensão de leitura e consciência fonológica: evidências de validade de suas medidas
Authors: Suehiro Adriana Cristina Boulhoça , Santos Acácia Aparecida Angeli dos
Published: May 2015

O presente estudo buscou evidência de validade para medidas que avaliam construtos relacionados, a saber, a compreensão de leitura e a consciência fonológica. Participaram da pesquisa 112 crianças de ambos os gêneros, com idade entre 6 e 12 anos (M = 8,46; DP = 1,68), matriculadas no 2° e no 5° anos do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública do interior de São Paulo. Os estudantes foram submetidos ao teste de Cloze, ao Roteiro de Avaliação da Consciência Fonológica e à Prova de Consciência Fonológica por Produção Oral, sendo os dois últimos aplicados individualmente. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a existência de validade de critério por grupos contrastantes, uma vez que as crianças que obtiveram escores altos na Prova de Consciência Fonológica por Produção Oral também apresentaram desempenhos significativamente superiores no Cloze e no Roteiro de Avaliação da Consciência Fonológica.