bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-IR absorbing Bodipy functionalized SPIONs: a potential magnetic nanoplatform for diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Ertem Elif , Bekdemir Ahmet , Atilgan Ahmet , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: April 2014

Photodynamic therapy (PDT), especially with the recent advances in photosensitizer (PS) design, has already been established as a noninvasive technique for cancer treatment. Recently, near-IR-based absorbing PSs that have a rising potency to implement light-triggered tumor ablation have attracted much attention since near-IR light in the 650–850 nm range penetrates more deeply in tissues. Up to now, numerous nanomaterials tailored to suitable sizes have been studied for effective delivery of PSs. In this study, four different types of Bodipy-based PSs were covalently attached to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) active, biocompatible, and nontoxic nanocarriers and generation of singlet oxygen capabilities were evaluated. It was demonstrated that these core-shell nanoparticles are promising delivery vehicles of PSs for use in diagnosis and therapy.
AlPO4-coated V2 O5 nanoplatelet and its electrochemical properties in aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Zhang Honglai , Yang Jie , Xiao Qichang , Li Zhaohui , Lei Gangtie , Xiao Qizhen
Published: April 2014

Vanadium pentoxide (V2 O5) nanoplatelet was prepared through an exfoliation method by using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as intercalating template. To improve its electrochemical performance in the aqueous electrolyte, the nanoplatelet was coated with amorphous AlPO4 by sol-gel method. The effect of this coating layer on the rate and cycling properties is investigated by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge. The 1.6 % AlPO4-coated sample could deliver an initial capacity of 128 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C rate, and remain 99 % of the initial one after 50 cycles. The discharge capacities in the first cycle are 119, 113, and 104 mAh g–1 at the rates of 0.3, 1.5, and 3 C, respectively. The corresponding maintaining ratios are 98, 92, and 87 % after 50 cycles. The results suggest the AlPO4-coated V2 O5 nanoplatelet has good rate capability and cycling performance, indicating its promising application as an anode material in aqueous rechargeable lithium batteries.
The flexural behaviors of the impacted composite single-lap adhesive joints
Authors: Ergun Emin , Çallioğlu Hasan
Published: April 2014

This experimental study deals with the flexural behaviors of composite single-lap adhesive joints after impact tests. Increasing impact energies are applied at the center of the composite plates having three different overlap lengths. It is shown that the overlap lengths and impact energy levels affect considerably the impact responses of the composite single-lap joints. It is also shown that the bending stiffness of the composite increases with increasing overlap length. For this reason, after the impact tests, how these effects influence the flexural behaviors of the impacted composite lap joints was also investigated. The flexural loads of the impacted and non-impacted composite single-lap joints were determined and compared with each other. It is shown that the residual flexural loads after impact increase with increasing overlap lengths but decrease with increasing impact energy.
Specialized Functions of Nav1.5 and Nav1.9 Channels in Electrogenesis of Myenteric Neurons in Intact Mouse Ganglia
Authors: Osorio Nancy , Korogod Sergiy , Delmas Patrick
Published: April 2014

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels play a central role in gastrointestinal physiology because they transmit depolarizing impulses in enteric neurons, thereby enabling the coordination of intestinal motility. However, little is known about the ion channel machinery that specifies firing pattern of enteric neurons. Here, we usedin situpatch-clamp recording of myenteric neurons from mice to define functionally the Nav channel subtypes responsible for the electrical signature of myenteric neurons. We found that mouse myenteric neurons exhibit two types of tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+currents: an early inactivating Na+current (INaT) and a persistent Na+current (INaP).INaTwas encountered in all myenteric neurons, whereasINaPwas preferentially found in Dogiel type II sensory neurons. Knock-out mouse studies, in combination with pharmacological assays, indicate thatINaTis carried by theScn5a-encoded “cardiac” Nav1.5, whereasINaPis attributed to theScn11a-encoded Nav1.9. Current-clamp experiments show that Nav1.9 flows at subthreshold voltages, generating tonic firing. In addition, action potential (AP) clamp reveals that Nav1.5 contributes to the upstroke velocity of APs, whereas Nav1.9, which remains active during the falling phase, opposes AP repolarization. We developed a computational model of a Dogiel type II myenteric neuron that successfully reproduces all experimentally observed phenomena and highlights the differential roles of Nav1.5 and Nav1.9 in the control of excitability. Our data illustrate how excitability can be finely tuned to provide specific firing templates by the selective deployment of Nav1.5 and Nav1.9 isoforms. We propose that Nav-dependent ENS disorders of excitability may play important roles in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases.
Temporal Analysis of Reference Frames in Parietal Cortex Area 5d during Reach Planning
Authors: Bremner Lindsay R. , Andersen Richard A.
Published: April 2014

The neural encoding of spatial and postural reference frames in posterior parietal cortex has traditionally been studied during fixed epochs, but the temporal evolution of these representations (or lack thereof) can provide insight into the underlying computations and functions of this region. Here we present single-unit data recorded from two rhesus macaques during a reach planning task. We found that area 5d coded the position of the hand relative to gaze before presentation of the reach target, but switched to coding the target location relative to hand position soon after target presentation. In the pretarget period the most relevant information for success in the task is the position of the hand relative to gaze; however, after target onset, the most task-relevant spatial relationship is the location of the target relative to the hand. The switch in coding suggests that population activity in area 5d may represent postural and spatial information in the reference frame that is most pertinent at each stage of the task. Moreover, although target−hand coding was dominant from soon after the reach target onset, this representation was not static but built in strength as movement onset approached, which we speculate could reflect a role for this region in building an accurate state estimate for the limb. We conclude that representations in area 5d are more flexible and dynamic than previously reported.
Mutation of Putative GRK Phosphorylation Sites in the Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1R) Confers Resistance to Cannabinoid Tolerance and Hypersensitivity to Cannabinoids in Mice
Authors: Morgan Daniel J. , Davis Brian J. , Kearn Chris S. , Marcus David , Cook Alex J. , Wager-Miller Jim , Straiker Alex , Myoga Michael H. , Karduck Jeffrey , Leishman Emma , Sim-Selley Laura J. , Czyzyk Traci A. , Bradshaw Heather B. , Selley Dana E. , Mackie Ken
Published: April 2014

For many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R), desensitization has been proposed as a principal mechanism driving initial tolerance to agonists. GPCR desensitization typically requires phosphorylation by a G-protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) and interaction of the phosphorylated receptor with an arrestin. In simple model systems, CB1R is desensitized by GRK phosphorylation at two serine residues (S426 and S430). However, the role of these serine residues in tolerance and dependence for cannabinoidsin vivowas unclear. Therefore, we generated mice where S426 and S430 were mutated to nonphosphorylatable alanines (S426A/S430A). S426A/S430A mutant mice were more sensitive to acutely administered delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), have delayed tolerance to Δ9-THC, and showed increased dependence for Δ9-THC. S426A/S430A mutants also showed increased responses to elevated levels of endogenous cannabinoids. CB1R desensitization in the periaqueductal gray and spinal cord following 7 d of treatment with Δ9-THC was absent in S426A/S430A mutants. Δ9-THC-induced downregulation of CB1R in the spinal cord was also absent in S426A/S430A mutants. Cultured autaptic hippocampal neurons from S426A/S430A mice showed enhanced endocannabinoid-mediated depolarization-induced suppression of excitation (DSE) and reduced agonist-mediated desensitization of DSE. These results indicate that S426 and S430 play major roles in the acute response to, tolerance to, and dependence on cannabinoids. Additionally, S426A/S430A mice are a novel model for studying pathophysiological processes thought to involve excessive endocannabinoid signaling such as drug addiction and metabolic disease. These mice also validate the approach of mutating GRK phosphorylation sites involved in desensitization as a general means to confer exaggerated signaling to GPCRsin vivo.
Cholinergic Modulation of Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Regulates Synaptic Strength and Spine Calcium in Cartwheel Cells of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
Authors: He Shan , Wang Ya-Xian , Petralia Ronald S. , Brenowitz Stephan D.
Published: April 2014

Acetylcholine is a neuromodulatory transmitter that controls synaptic plasticity and sensory processing in many brain regions. The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) is an auditory brainstem nucleus that integrates auditory signals from the cochlea with multisensory inputs from several brainstem nuclei and receives prominent cholinergic projections. In the auditory periphery, cholinergic modulation serves a neuroprotective function, reducing cochlear output under high sound levels. However, the role of cholinergic signaling in the DCN is less understood. Here we examine postsynaptic mechanisms of cholinergic modulation at glutamatergic synapses formed by parallel fiber axons onto cartwheel cells (CWCs) in the apical DCN circuit from mouse brainstem slice using calcium (Ca) imaging combined with two-photon laser glutamate uncaging onto CWC spines. Activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) significantly increased the amplitude of both uncaging-evoked EPSPs (uEPSPs) and spine Ca transients. Our results demonstrate that mAChRs in CWC spines act by suppressing large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels, and this effect is mediated through the cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway. Blocking BK channels relieves voltage-dependent magnesium block of NMDA receptors, thereby enhancing uEPSPs and spine Ca transients. Finally, we demonstrate that mAChR activation inhibits L-type Ca channels and thus may contribute to the suppression of BK channels by mAChRs. In summary, we demonstrate a novel role for BK channels in regulating glutamatergic transmission and show that this mechanism is under modulatory control of mAChRs.
Ezh2 Regulates Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Memory
Authors: Zhang Juan , Ji Fen , Liu Yanli , Lei Xuepei , Li Hong , Ji Guangju , Yuan Zengqiang , Jiao Jianwei
Published: April 2014

Adult neurogenesis is thought to be crucial for preserving cognitive functions, which is tightly controlled by various epigenetic regulators. As the methyltransferase of histone H3K27, the role of Ezh2 in neurogenesis of adult mice and its mechanism of action are largely unknown. Here, we show that Ezh2 is expressed in actively dividing neural stem cells (NSCs)/progenitor cells as well as mature neurons, but not in quiescent NSCs in the subgranular zone. The deletion ofEzh2in NSCs/progenitor cells results in a reduction in progenitor cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found that Ezh2 regulates progenitor cell proliferation by suppressing Pten expression and promoting the activation of Akt-mTOR. Moreover, the loss ofEzh2in progenitor cells leads to a decrease in the number of neurons, which was observed by long-term tracing. Strikingly, conditional knockout ofEzh2ultimately results in impairments in spatial learning and memory, contextual fear memory, and pattern separation. Our findings demonstrate the essential role of Ezh2 in the proliferation of progenitor cells, thus providing insight into the molecular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis in preserving cognitive functions.
Microvibrissae-Based Texture Discrimination
Authors: Kuruppath Praveen , Gugig Erez , Azouz Rony
Published: April 2014

Rodents use their whiskers to detect a variety of tactile features of their environment. They do so by using two functionally distinct whisker systems: the macrovibrissae and microvibrissae. To determine the functional role of unexplored microvibrissae, we recorded from the cortical area representing the frontobuccal pad in anesthetized rats while presenting moving textures of varying coarseness. We find that surface coarseness is coded by the discharge rates of frontobuccal pad cortical neurons. Cortical neurons can use this response measure to robustly and reliably discriminate between the different textures. While neuronal discharge rates carry tactile information, the highly reproducible firing patterns of these neurons suggest that a single spike train may contain sufficient information to encode the stimulus. Together, these results indicate that rodents may use their microvibrissae to distinguish between surfaces having subtly different textures and shapes.
Differential Stability of PNS and CNS Nodal Complexes When Neuronal Neurofascin Is Lost
Authors: Desmazieres Anne , Zonta Barbara , Zhang Ao , Wu Lai-Man N. , Sherman Diane L. , Brophy Peter J.
Published: April 2014

Fast, saltatory conduction in myelinated nerves requires the clustering of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) at nodes of Ranvier in a nodal complex. TheNeurofascin(Nfasc) gene encodes neuronal Neurofascin 186 (Nfasc186) at the node and glial Neurofascin 155 at the paranode, and these proteins play a key role in node assembly. However, their role in the maintenance and stability of the node is less well understood. Here we show that by inducible ablation ofNfascin neurons in adult mice, Nfasc186 expression is reduced by >99% and 94% at PNS and CNS nodes, respectively. Gliomedin and NrCAM at PNS and brevican at CNS nodes are largely lost with neuronal neurofascin; however, Nav at nodes of Ranvier persist, albeit with ∼40% reduction in expression levels. βIV Spectrin, ankyrin G, and, to a lesser extent, the β1 subunit of the sodium channel, are less affected at the PNS node than in the CNS. Nevertheless, there is a 38% reduction in PNS conduction velocity. Loss of Nfasc186 provokes CNS paranodal disorganization, but this does not contribute to loss of Nav. These results show that Nav at PNS nodes are still maintained in a nodal complex when neuronal neurofascin is depleted, whereas the retention of nodal Nav in the CNS, despite more extensive dissolution of the complex, suggests a supportive role for the partially disrupted paranodal axoglial junction in selectively maintaining Nav at the CNS node.
EphA4-Mediated Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract Misprojections Are Necessary for Bilateral Voluntary Movements But Not Bilateral Stereotypic Locomotion
Authors: Serradj Najet , Paixão Sónia , Sobocki Tomasz , Feinberg Mitchell , Klein Rüdiger , Kullander Klas , Martin John H.
Published: April 2014

In this study, we took advantage of the reported role of EphA4 in determining the contralateral spinal projection of the corticospinal tract (CST) to investigate the effects of ipsilateral misprojections on voluntary movements and stereotypic locomotion. Null EphA4 mutations produce robust ipsilateral CST misprojections, resulting in bilateral corticospinal tracts. We hypothesize that a unilateral voluntary limb movement, not a stereotypic locomotor movement, will become a bilateral movement in EphA4 knock-out mice with a bilateral CST. However, in EphA4 full knock-outs, spinal interneurons also develop bilateral misprojections. Aberrant bilateral spinal circuits could thus transform unilateral corticospinal control signals into bilateral movements. We therefore studied mice with conditional forebrain deletion of the EphA4 gene under control by Emx1, a gene expressed in the forebrain that affects the developing CST but spares brainstem motor pathways and spinal motor circuits. We examined two conditional knock-outs targeting forebrain EphA4 during performance of stereotypic locomotion and voluntary movement: adaptive locomotion over obstacles and exploratory reaching. We found that the conditional knock-outs used alternate stepping, not hopping, during overground locomotion, suggesting normal central pattern generator function and supporting our hypothesis of minimal CST involvement in the moment-to-moment control of stereotypic locomotion. In contrast, the conditional knock-outs showed bilateral voluntary movements under conditions when single limb movements are normally produced and, as a basis for this aberrant control, developed a bilateral motor map in motor cortex that is driven by the aberrant ipsilateral CST misprojections. Therefore, a specific change in CST connectivity is associated with and explains a change in voluntary movement.
DRD1andDRD2Genotypes Modulate Processing Modes of Goal Activation Processes during Action Cascading
Authors: Stock Ann-Kathrin , Arning Larissa , Epplen Jörg T. , Beste Christian
Published: April 2014

Dopamine plays an important role in action selection, but little is known about the influence of different dopamine receptor systems on the subprocesses occurring during the cascading of actions. Because action selection and cascading can be accomplished in a serial manner or a parallel manner, we investigated the potential effects of DRD1 (rs4531) and DRD2 (rs6277) receptor polymorphisms on this dimension. We gathered behavioral and neurophysiological data from healthy human subjects (n= 162) and applied mathematical constraints to quantify their action selection strategy on a serial-parallel continuum. The behavioral results show a more serial and more effective action cascading strategy in homozygous DRD1 G allele carriers, who are assumed to have a higher D1 receptor efficiency than carriers of the A allele. In the group of homozygous DRD2 T-allele carriers, who have a higher striatal density of D2 receptors than C-allele carriers, we found a less effective and more parallel action cascading strategy. These findings suggest that, within the same sample, a higher D1 efficiency seems to shift the action cascading strategy toward a more serial processing mode, whereas the D2 receptors seem to promote a shift in the opposite direction by inducing a more parallel processing mode. Furthermore, the neurophysiological analysis shows that the observed differences are not based on attentional differences or basic inhibition. Instead, processes linking stimulus processing and response execution seem to differentiate between more serial and more parallel processing groups.
Firing Modes of Dopamine Neurons Drive Bidirectional GIRK Channel Plasticity
Authors: Lalive Arnaud L. , Munoz Michaelanne B. , Bellone Camilla , Slesinger Paul A. , Lüscher Christian , Tan Kelly R.
Published: April 2014

G-protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels contribute to the resting membrane potential of many neurons, including dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). VTA DA neurons are bistable, firing in two modes: one characterized by bursts of action potentials, the other by tonic firing at a lower frequency. Here we provide evidence that these firing modes drive bidirectional plasticity of GIRK channel-mediated currents. In acute midbrain slices of mice, we observed thatin vitroburst activation of VTA DA neurons potentiated GIRK currents whereas tonic firing depressed these currents. This plasticity was not specific to the metabotropic receptor activating the GIRK channels, as direct activation of GIRK channels by nonhydrolyzable GTP also potentiated the currents. The plasticity of GIRK currents required NMDA receptor and CaMKII activation, and involved protein trafficking through specific PDZ domains of GIRK2c and GIRK3 subunit isoforms. Prolonged tonic firing may thus enhance the probability to switch into burst-firing mode, which then potentiates GIRK currents and favors the return to baseline. In conclusion, activity-dependent GIRK channel plasticity may represent a slow destabilization process favoring the switch between the two firing modes of VTA DA neurons.
Ionotropic NMDA Receptor Signaling Is Required for the Induction of Long-Term Depression in the Mouse Hippocampal CA1 Region
Authors: Babiec Walter E. , Guglietta Ryan , Jami Shekib A. , Morishita Wade , Malenka Robert C. , O'Dell Thomas J.
Published: April 2014

Previous studies have provided strong support for the notion that NMDAR-mediated increases in postsynaptic Ca2+have a crucial role in the induction of long-term depression (LTD). This view has recently been challenged, however, by findings suggesting that LTD induction is instead attributable to an ion channel-independent, metabotropic form of NMDAR signaling. Thus, to explore the role of ionotropic versus metabotropic NMDAR signaling in LTD, we examined the effects of varying extracellular Ca2+levels or blocking NMDAR channel ion fluxes with MK-801 on LTD and NMDAR signaling in the mouse hippocampal CA1 region. We find that the induction of LTD in the adult hippocampus is highly sensitive to extracellular Ca2+levels and that MK-801 blocks NMDAR-dependent LTD in the hippocampus of both adult and immature mice. Moreover, MK-801 inhibits NMDAR-mediated activation of p38-MAPK and dephosphorylation of AMPAR GluA1 subunits at sites implicated in LTD. Thus, our results indicate that the induction of LTD in the hippocampal CA1 region is dependent on ionotropic, rather than metabotropic, NMDAR signaling.
Approximation of the periodical functions of high smoothness by the rightangled Fourier sums
Authors: Novikov O.O. , Rovenska O.G.
Published: April 2014

We obtain asymptotic equalities for upper bounds of the deviations of the right-angled Fourier sums taken over classes of periodical functions of two variables of high smoothness. These equalities in corresponding cases guarantee the solvability of the Kolmogorov–Nikol’skii problem for the right-angled Fourier sums on the specified classes of functions.
Operator calculus on the class of Sato’s hyperfunctions
Authors: Patra M.I. , Sharyn S.V.
Published: April 2014

We construct a functional calculus for generators of analytic semigroups of operators on a Banach space. The symbol class of the calculus consists of hyperfunctions with a compact support in $[0,\infty)$. Domain of constructed calculus is dense in the Banach space.
Asymptotic behavior of averaging of entire functions of improved regular growth
Authors: Khats’ R.V.
Published: April 2014

Using the Fourier series method for entire functions, we investigate the asymptotic behavior of averaging of entire functions of improved regular growth.
Two-step secant type method with approximation of the inverse operator
Authors: Shakhno S.M. , Yarmola H.P.
Published: April 2014

The two-step secant type method with a consistent approximation of the inverse operator for solving nonlinear equations is proposed. The local convergence of the proposed method is studied and the quadratic convergence order is established. A numerical experiment is made on the test problems.
On estimations of solutions of one convolution type equation
Authors: Vynnytskyi B.V. , Dilnyi V.M.
Published: April 2014

We consider a convolution type equation in a semi-strip for the functions belonging to the Hardy-Smirnov space. Estimations of solutions are obtained in terms of analytic continuation.
Some convergence regions of branched continued fractions of special form
Authors: Baran O.E.
Published: April 2014

Some circular and parabolic convergence regions for branched continued fractions of special form are established.
The completeness of a normed space is equivalent to the homogeneity of its space of closed bounded convex sets
Authors: Hetman I.
Published: April 2014

We prove that an infinite-dimensional normed space $X$ is complete if and only if the space $\mathrm{BConv}_H(X)$ of all non-empty bounded closed convex subsets of $X$ is topologically homogeneous.
Weak Darboux property and transitivity of linear mappings on topological vector spaces
Authors: Maslyuchenko V.K. , Nesterenko V.V.
Published: April 2014

It is shown that every linear mapping on topological vector spaces always has weak Darboux property, therefore, it is continuous if and only if it is transitive. For finite-dimensional mapping $f$ with values in Hausdorff topological vector space the following conditions are equivalent: (i) $f$ is continuous; (ii) graph of $f$ is closed; (iii) kernel of $f$ is closed; (iv) $f$ is transition map.
Один аналог нерiвностi Вiмана для iнтегралiв Лапласа, залежних вiд малого параметра
Authors: Ovchar I.Ye. , Skaskiv O.B.
Published: April 2014

Встановлюються асимптотичнi оцiнки зверху iнтегралiв типу Лапласа.
Asymptotic behavior of entire functions of improved regular growth in the metric of $L^p[0, 2\pi]$
Authors: Khats’ R.V.
Published: April 2014

We describe an asymptotic behavior of entire functions of improved regular growth with zeros on a finite system of rays in the metric of $L^p[0, 2\pi]$.
Structural and Electrical Characteristics of Ternary Oxide SmGdO3 for Logic and Memory Devices
Authors: Sharma Yogesh , Misra Pankaj , Katiyar Ram S.
Published: April 2014

We report on the structural and electrical characteristics of bulk and thin film of ternary oxide SmGdO3. Bulk sample of SmGdO3 was prepared by pelletizing and sintering the calcined mixture of predetermined amount of Sm2O3 and Gd2O3 powders. The crystalline structure of the sample was studied by X-ray diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy. Capacitance and leakage current measurements on bulk sample revealed a high and linear dielectric constant of ∼ 19 with low dielectric loss and leakage current which is suitable for gate dielectric application in CMOS logic devices and high-k MIM capacitors. In addition, the non-volatile resistive memory switching phenomenon was studied in thin films of SmGdO3 which were deposited by pulsed laser deposition using sintered pellet of SmGdO3 as target. Commercially available Pt/TiO2/SiO2/(100) Si was used as substrate and top Pt electrode of lateral dimension 40×40μm2 were deposited by sputtering to construct Pt/SmGdO3/Pt MIM devices. After initial forming process which occurred at comparatively higher voltage, the Pt/SmGdO3/Pt devices showed repeatable unipolar switching between high and low resistance states with low and well defined switching voltages. These properties indicate suitability of this material for the emerging logic and memory device applications.
Contribution clinico-psychologique à l'étude de la schizophrénie des jeunes
Authors: Schachter M.
Published: April 2014

Nous présentons l'observation clinique et psychologique d'un jeune homme atteint d'un syndrome schizophrénique; l'étude montre qu'à la puberté il présentait déjà une série de manifestations rentrant dans la sphère du comportement schizophréniforme. Alors, l'examen clinique laissait la porte ouverte à des interpretations libérales, quant à la validité du diagnostic; on aurait pu considérér alors le jeune pubertaire comme un caractériel ou comme un sujet plus ou moins original. Au test de Rorschach pratiqué à ce moment, l'ensemble des constatations faites démontrait l'existence indiscutable d'un attachement net avec l'ambiance. Par contre, à l'âge de 18 ans 9 mois, le tableau schizophrénique est cliniquement indiscutable. Au Rorschach on note des modifications três nombreuses, três significatives (surtout en ce qui concerne la dissolution et la disparition des facteurs de la syntonie). Cependant, le test ne présente pas les caractères considérés comme "spécifiques" de la schizophrénic C'est, par contre, dans le test projectif de van Lennep que la nature dissociative du tableaux clinique fut démontrée de façon claire et nette.
Hidrocefalia ou hidranencefalia: valor da transiluminação do crânio no diagnóstico diferencial. Estudo anátomo-clínico de dois casos
Authors: Lefèvre Antonio B. , Zaclis José , Valente Maria I.
Published: April 2014

São apresentados dois casos anátomo-clínicos, um de hidranencefalia e outro de hidrocefalia congênita por estenose do aqueduto de Sylvius. O exame neurológico revelou, nos dois casos, um quadro semelhante, cujas caracte- rísticas lembram as encontradas em um recém-nascido normal. Nos dois casos foi feita a transiluminação do crânio e o estudo da circulação cerebral por meio de carótido-angiografia. Dos fatos observados podem ser destacados os seguintes aspectos: 1) A transiluminação não parece ser elemento seguro para o diagnóstico diferencial entre a hidrocefalia e a hidranencefalia, pois, no caso de hidrocefalia (caso 2) foi obtida nítida transparência, enquanto que no caso de hidranencefalia (caso 1) esta prova foi completamente negativa; deve notar-se que o liqüido contido no interior do crânio do paciente de hidranencefalia era fortemente turvo, o que talvez explique não ter sido obtida a transiluminação. 2) Não houve correspondência entre a distribuição arterial observada pela carótido-angiografia e os achados anátomo-patológicos verificados no caso de hidranencefalia; as artérias cerebral anterior e cerebral média foram nitidamente visualizadas e não obstante havia falta das porções dos hemisférios que seriam supridas por estas artérias; ao contrário, o território irrigado pela cerebral posterior estava relativamente bastante desenvolvido, embora esta artéria estivesse representada apenas por penachos de vasos tortuosos, curtos e muito delgados. 3) As presentes observações não permitem avaliar a importância da eletrencefalografia no diagnóstico diferencial entre hidrocefalia e hidranencefalia, pois não foi possível realizar o traçado no caso 2 (hidranencefalia).
Persistência da anastomose carótido-basilar: a propósito de um caso revelado pela angiografia cerebral
Authors: Zaclis José
Published: April 2014

Publicando êste caso, o autor eleva para 23 o total dos casos registrados de persistência da anastomose carótido-basilar. Trata-se de caso cujo paciente foi submetido a estudo angiográfico injetando o contraste sucessivamente em ambas as artérias carótidas e no sistema vértebro-basilar. Êste é o sétimo caso com demonstração angiográfica da persistência da comunicação entre a carótida e a basilar. A presença desta anomalia condiciona modificações na hemodinâmica intracraniana demonstradas neste caso.
Criptococose do sistema nervoso central. Registro de um caso
Authors: Tolosa Adherbal , Spina-França A. , Lacaz C. da Silva
Published: April 2014

Registro de caso de criptococose do sistema nervoso central, cujo diagnóstico foi estabelecido pelo exame do liqüido cefalorraquidiano. A presença do criptococo, verificada no exame direto, foi confirmada por culturas. O paciente apresentava quadro irritativo meníngeo, ao qual se associaram, ulteriormente, distúrbios encefálicos difusos e síndrome de hipertensão intracraniana. Evolução fatal após 4 meses de doença; foi tentada a sulfamido-terapia, sem resultado. O exame necroscópico confirmou a existência de leptomeningite difusa e micro-abscessos disseminados no córtex cerebral; o óbito foi relacionado à compressão bulbar por hérnia das tonsilas cerebelares.
Descrição anatômica da articulação metacarpo-falângica em ovinos
Authors: Bianchi Pedro K.F.C. , Martins Edvaldo A.N. , Portugal Eloi , Kfoury Júnior José Roberto , Gonçalez Patrícia O.
Published: April 2014

A descrição anatômica articular evidencia os fatores padrões para as condições biomecânicas que devem ser consideradas na seleção do animal de uma determinada espécie. Dessa forma, objetivou-se descrever a articulação metacarpo-falângica na espécie ovina, em relação a sua arquitetura, considerando o volume, recessos, comunicações e relações no aspecto anatômico macroscópico. Para tanto, foram utilizados dez animais adultos da espécie ovina, raça Santa Inês, machos e fêmeas, escolhidos aleatoriamente. A cápsula articular teve uma dimensão média de 3,05 cm e uma capacidade volumétri-ca média de 3,99 ml; as comunicações ocorreram em um grau médio de expansão do Látex nas faces dorsal (56,7%) e palmar (53,3%); as comunicações proximais nas faces dorsal, palmar e dorso-palmar apareceram em 100,0% dos casos; os recessos estiveram presentes nas extremidades distais. Nesse contexto, conclui-se, que a articulação metacarpo-falângica de ovinos apresenta-se com relações topográficas semelhantes à descrita para os demais ruminantes, possuindo comunicações em sua porção proximal e recessos distalmente.
Hemograma e proteínas de fase aguda de bezerros sadios do nascimento aos 30 dias de idade
Authors: Rocha Thaís G. , Nociti Ricardo P. , Sampaio Alexandre A.M. , Fagliari José J.
Published: April 2014

O conhecimento da dinâmica das alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos e na cinética das proteínas de fase aguda em animais saudáveis nas primeiras semanas de vida é essencial para a interpretação correta dessas avaliações em situações de morbidez e para diferenciar animais sadios e enfermos de forma confiável. Com o intuito de avaliar a cinética desses parâmetros no primeiro mês de vida de bezerros de corte sadios, filhos de vacas primíparas ou pluríparas, amostras de sangue foram coletadas antes da ingestão de colostro e 1, 2, 7, 15 e 30 dias após o nascimento. Os parâmetros eritrocitários foram influenciados pelo número de partos das vacas e o leucograma mostrou alterações características de influência do cortisol fetal liberado por ocasião do nascimento. O teor sérico de proteína total aumentou significativamente após a ingestão do colostro. As concentrações de ceruloplasmina, haptoglobina e proteínas de pesos moleculares 33 kDa e 23 kDa aumentaram significativamente no primeiro dia de vida, seja pela resposta ao nascimento ou pela ingestão do colostro, enquanto os teores de transferrina, albumina e α1-glicoproteína ácida mantiveram-se relativamente estáveis nos primeiros dias de vida, aumentando gradualmente até os 30 dias de idade.
Morfometria do coração e dos vasos da base e sua implicação no mergulho em Chelonia mydas
Authors: Braz Janine K.F.S. , Queiroz Maria Sara M. , Oliveira Moacir F. , Moura Carlos E.B.
Published: April 2014

Objetivou-se caracterizar a morfologia das câmaras cardíacas e das artérias aortas e pulmonares da espécie Chelonia mydas. Foram avaliados 11 espécimes de C. mydas mortas coletadas no litoral do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Os animais foram necropsiados para a obtenção do coração, fragmentos das artérias aorta e pulmonares direita e esquerda. Os vasos adquiridos foram fixados em formol e submetidos ao processamento histológico de rotina e coloração com Técnica de Verhoff modificada. Enquanto, do coração, os parâmetros largura, altura base-ápice e a circunferência ventricular foram mensurados por meio do paquímetro. Nessa espécie a microscopia das artérias pulmonares e artérias aortas variaram de acordo com o antímero. A maior espessura relativa do Cavum Venosum (CV) auxilia no bombeamento cardíaco durante o mergulho e sua menor espessura direita é uma vantagem para a dilatação ventricular durante a imersão profunda enquanto que a quantificação das lâminas elásticas e fibras musculares da túnica média das artérias aortas e pulmonares direita e esquerda comprovaram que a túnica média das aortas predomina o componente elástico vs. muscular, entretanto, nas artérias pulmonares o componente elástico não-predomina. Essa angioarquitetura pode estar relacionada com a capacidade de mergulho, favorecendo um maior aproveitamento do sangue oxigenado armazenado previamente durante o período de apneia.
Anatomical and histological characteristics of teeth in agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831)
Authors: Silva Daiane C. Baia da , Fagundes Nathália C.F. , Teixeira Francisco B. , Penha Nelson E.A. da , Santana Luana N. da Silva , Mendes-Oliveira Ana Cristina , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: April 2014

The agouti species Dasyprocta prymnolopha (D. prymnolopha) is a medium-sized rodent, diurnal, and characteristic of northeastern Brazil, south of the Amazon. Several studies have been made on these rodents. However, there is a lack of analysis of masticatory system, in particular morphology of the teeth. Thus, this research seeks to describe anatomical and histological aspects of the agouti teeth. For this purpose, we used adult agouti, in which measurements and descriptions of teeth and dental tissues were made. It was observed that the dental arch of D. prymnolopha comprises of twenty teeth, evenly distributed in the upper and lower arch, being inferior teeth larger than their corresponding higher. The incisors are larger, and between the posterior premolars and molars, there is a gradual increase in length in the anterior-posterior arch. In microscopic examination, a prismatic appearance was observed consisting of enamel prisms arranged in different directions, behind the enamel and dentin with standard tubular dentinal tubules with variable diameter and far between, also showing a sinuous path from the inner portion to the junction with more superficial enamel. Morphological analysis of dental tissues showed that an enamel with structural organization adapted to the act of chewing and high impact dentin compatible with standard tubular function resilience and mechanical damping of masticatory forces, as found in larger animals, confirming the understanding of eating habits that define much of its ecological functions within the ecosystem they inhabit.
Oxidative metabolism and muscle biochemical profile of polo horses supplemented with an ADE vitamin complex
Authors: Weigel Rebeca A. , Lima Alessandra Silva , Morgado Aline Alberti , Nunes Giovanna Rocha , Miriam Maurício M. , Hagen Stefano F. , Fernandes Wilson R. , Sucupira Maria C.A.
Published: April 2014

Horses used for the game of polo experience abrupt and frequent changes in exercise intensity. To meet this variable energy demand, the horses use both aerobic and anaerobic pathways in varying proportions and intensities. In this context, there must be a balance between the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of antioxidants to prevent oxidative stress and its consequences. The effect of supplementation with an ADE vitamin complex on oxidative metabolism was evaluated in 18 crossbred horses randomly divided between a treated group (TG) and a control group (CG). The TG animals received the ADE vitamin complex (1mL/50 kg of body weight) by deep intramuscular injection at 30 and 15 days before the game. The CG horses received 10ml of saline by the same administration route and schedule. During the polo match, the animals played for a total of 7.5 min. Blood samples were collected on the same days as the treatments were administered, and immediately before and at 15, 90 and 180 minutes after the game. The concentrations of creatine phosphokinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lactate, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the blood samples. After the game, the TG demonstrated higher levels of AST, lactate and glucose than the CG, suggesting more efficient energy use by the treated animals. The higher GSH and lower lactate levels in the TG before the game suggest the presence of a greater antioxidant supply in the treated animals. The maintenance of the MDA levels indicates that neither of the groups exhibited oxidative stress.
Comparison of methods for determination of nutrient digestibility of a dry kibble diet for ocelots
Authors: Carvalho Anderson L. de , Oliveira Vladimir de , Moraes Wanderlei de , Cubas Zalmir S. , Rinaldi Alcides R. , Oliveira Marcos J. de , Almeida Rosana. P. de , Bordignon Leonardo A.F.
Published: April 2014

In this experiment, methods of total fecal collection (TFC) and internal markers (acid-insoluble ash - AIA, crude fiber - CF, and acid-detergent fiber - ADF) were compared for determination of the coefficients of apparent digestibility (CAD) for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), nitrogen-free extracts (NFE), and gross energy (GE) of commercial feline dry kibble for ocelots (Leopardus pardalis). Six adult animals, weighing 12.45±1.37 kg, gradually received experimental kibble in their usual diet until the beginning of the experiment and were submitted to an adaptation period ten days prior to the collection period. CAD obtained by TFC, AIA, CF, and ADF were, respectively, 73.7, 76.83, 62.01, and 46.03% for dry matter; 81.9, 84.8, 75.8, and 63.8% for crude protein; 85, 86.7, 78.5, and 69.1% for ether extract; 78.52, 79.55, 69.11, and 53.04% for nitrogen-free extracts; and 80.5, 82.2, 71.4, and 58.4% for gross energy. The AIA method showed to be efficient in determining coefficients of apparent digestibility and may contribute to investigations on the digestibility of diets for wild felines. In comparison to the items of ocelot's usual diet, the kibble used in this paper provided an adequate nutritional supply with reduced daily costs per animal.
Efeitos do estresse da orquiectomia na citologia broncoalveolar de bezerros da raça Holandesa
Authors: Bellinazzi Jessyca Beraldi , Bertagnon Heloisa Godoi , Batista Camila Freitas , Santos Bruna Parapinski dos , Lima Maria Gabriela Barbosa , Lima Daniel Magalhães , Benesi Fernando Jose , Della Libera Alice Maria Melville
Published: April 2014

A identificação do impacto que certas formas de estresse causam ao bem estar animal e equilíbrio orgânico, representa um desafio á adoção de boas práticas de criação. Assim, a presente pesquisa verificou o impacto de um desafio doloroso rotineiro dos bovinos na imunidade pulmonar e sistêmica. Avaliou-se hemograma e cortisol, em quatro momentos, sendo M1, M6, M7 e M8 (respectivamente sete dias antes e um, três e oito dias depois do desafio doloroso) e citologia broncolaveolar, obtida por broncoscopia, nos momentos M1, M6 e M8. Houve uma redução dos valores do eritrograma no primeiro dia após o desafio, compatível com anaplasmose e agravada pela perda de sangue durante a cirurgia e um influxo de leucócitos para a região pulmonar. Oito dias após o desafio, evidenciou-se aumento de cortisol, gerando uma leucocitose por neutrofilia e monocitose no sangue com provável redução de quimiotaxia para o pulmão, tornando o trato respiratório potencialmente mais susceptível a infecções, sugerindo que esta prática de manejo, mesmo acompanhado de protocolo analgésico, pode ser considerada um fator de risco a penumonias afetando o bem estar animal.
Avaliação das características do líquido ruminal, hemogasometria, atividade pedométrica e diagnóstico de laminite subclínica em vacas leiteiras
Authors: Rodrigues Mirian , Deschk Maurício , Santos Guilherme G.F. , Perri Silvia H.V. , Merenda Victoria R. , Hussni Carlos A. , Alves Ana Liz G. , Rodrigues Celso A.
Published: April 2014

Este estudo objetivou avaliar as características do líquido ruminal, hemogasometria, atividade pedométrica e ocorrência laminite subclínica, por meio da presença de enfermidades podais secundárias, em vacas leiteiras de alta produção, provenientes de um rebanho comercial. Foram avaliadas 200 vacas holandesas, oriundas da mesma propriedade, localizada na região de Araçatuba, SP, divididas em quatro grupos, sendo estes estabelecidos a partir da produtividade diária. Inicialmente procedeu-se o exame clínico dos animais, seguido da colheita de amostras do líquido ruminal, por meio de sondagem esofágica, sendo este avaliado quanto ao pH, cor, odor, consistência, sedimentação, flutuação e prova de redução pelo azul de metileno. Também foram colhidas amostras de sangue venoso para hemogasometria, além da coleta dos dados da pedometria (número de passos) e produção de leite diária das vacas. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados e submetidos à análise de correlação. Nenhum animal avaliado apresentou alterações no pH ruminal, bem como não foram encontrados distúrbios do desequilíbrio ácido básico, pois os valores de pH sanguíneo, PCO2, TCO2, HCO3- e EB estavam dentro da normalidade, durante a análise hemogasométrica. A pedometria foi efetiva como método de triagem para as vacas acometidas de afecções podais, pois se observou a redução no número de passos devido à dor, correlacionada a menor produção leiteira. Contudo, a identificação destas afecções, somente foi possível mediante exame clínico específico dos dígitos. A ocorrência das afecções podais em 49,5% do rebanho deveu-se aos fatores de riscos presentes na propriedade, como o concreto abrasivo e instalações inadequadas, associados também a possível ocorrência de acidose ruminal subaguda, não diagnosticada pela metodologia utilizada. A correlação entre os valores do pH ruminal, pedometria e hemogasometria se mostrou eficiente para o diagnóstico precoce das afecções podais e também no estabelecimento da etiologia destas enfermidades. A laminite subclínica acometeu primariamente as vacas do rebanho, considerando a etiologia multifatorial desta afecção, ocorrência e distribuição das enfermidades podais diagnosticadas.
Insights on bovine genetic engineering and cloning
Authors: Bressan Fabiana F. , Sangalli Juliano R. , Pessôa Laís V.F. , Pires Pedro R.L. , Meirelles Flávio V.
Published: April 2014

Transgenic technology has become an essential tool for the development of animal biotechnologies, and animal cloning through somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enabled the generation of genetically modified animals utilizing previously modified and selected cell lineages as nuclei donors, assuring therefore the generation of homogeneous herds expressing the desired modification. The present study aimed to discuss the use of SCNT as an important methodology for the production of transgenic herds, and also some recent insights on genetic modification of nuclei donors and possible effects of gene induction of pluripotency on SCNT.
Detailed soil survey of an experimental watershed representative of the Brazilian Coastal Plains and its practical application
Authors: Santos Walbert Júnior Reis dos , Curi Nilton , Silva Sérgio Henrique Godinho , Fonseca Sebastião da , Silva Elidiane da , Marques João José
Published: April 2014

This paper presents a detailed soil survey of an experimental watershed with representative pedoclimatic characteristics of the Coastal Plains in Espírito Santo State and its practical applications. For the pedological survey, 35 observation sites and three soil profiles were sampled and described, which were morphologically characterized and subjected to physical (particle size) and chemical analyses (routine and sulfuric acid digestion). The soil map was made using the geographic information system ArcGIS 9.3. This GIS software was also used to generate the digital elevation model (DEM) for identifying the slope classes. SAGA software was used to calculate the topographic wetness index (WI) which aided in a more accurate separation of Haplic Organosol from other soils. The predominant soil class in the watershed was the dystrophic/dystrocohesive Yellow Argisol (97%), containing morphological, chemical and physical characteristics representative of the most expressive Coastal Plains soils. Geoprocessing tools and techniques aided to make the watershed soil map.