bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three timepoint perioperative CEA levels are a prognostic factor for recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Stage II and III colorectal cancer
Authors: Mizuno Shodai , Shigeta Kohei , Hara Ryosuke , Sakamoto Kyoko , Nakadai Jumpei , Baba Hideo , Kikuchi Hiroto , Adachi Yoko , Shimada Takehiro , Suzumura Hirofumi , Sugiura Kiyoaki , Matsui Shimpei , Seishima Ryo , Okabayashi Koji , Kitagawa Yuko
Published: November 2024

Aim

To investigate the relationship between the three timepoint perioperative CEA (ttpCEA) calculated at three timepoints and recurrence during the perioperative period in Stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) patients.

Methods

We performed a multi‐institutional retrospective analysis of patients with Stage II and III CRC who underwent surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy from 2010 to 2020. Patient data from three facilities were used as training data, and data from three other facilities were used as validation data. The primary endpoint was the time to recurrence (TTR).

Results

A total of 538 patients were included for the training data. To validate the feasibility of ttpCEA, 329 patients were included for the validation data. Training data patients were categorized as ttpCEA low (n = 365) and ttpCEA high (n = 173). The 5‐y TTR was significantly greater in the ttpCEA‐low subgroup than in the ttpCEA‐high subgroup (84.3% vs. 69.6%, respectively; p < 0.001). Validation data patients were categorized as ttpCEA low (n = 221) and ttpCEA high (n = 108). The 5‐y TTR was significantly greater in the ttpCEA‐low subgroup than in the ttpCEA‐high subgroup (82.9% vs. 68.7%, respectively; p = 0.003).

Conclusion

The ttpCEA calculated from perioperative CEA levels at different timepoints was a prognostic factor for recurrence in Stage II and III CRC patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy according to both the training and validation data.
Long‐term effects of collaborative dementia care on quality of life and caregiver well‐being
Authors: Possin Katherine L. , Dulaney Sarah , Sideman Alissa B. , Wood Andrew J. , Allen I. Elaine , Bonasera Stephen J. , Merrilees Jennifer J. , Lee Kirby , Chiong Winston , Braley Tamara L. , Hooper Sarah , Kanzawa Mia , Gearhart Rosalie , Medsger Helen , Harrison Krista L. , Hunt Lauren J. , Kiekhofer Rachel E. , Chow Christopher , Miller Bruce L. , Guterman Elan L.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Collaborative dementia care models with care navigation, including the Care Ecosystem, improve outcomes for persons living with dementia (PLWDs) and their caregivers. The effects of continuous care over long periods have not been studied.

METHODS

In this randomized clinical trial with 456 PLWD–caregiver dyads with high caregiver burden, we evaluated the cumulative 5‐year treatment effect on PLWD quality of life, health care utilization, caregiver depression, self‐efficacy, and burden.

RESULTS

Five‐year participation was associated with higher quality of life, lower caregiver depression, and higher caregiver self‐efficacy (all p’s < 0.05) with a trend for lower burden (p = 0.07). Treatment effects were most robust during the first 2 years. The effects on emergency department visits and hospitalizations were not significant.

DISCUSSION

The benefits of collaborative dementia care on PLWD quality of life and caregiver well‐being are sustained for 5 years, and the dyads may experience the greatest benefit during the first 2 years.

Highlights

Collaborative dementia care with care navigation was evaluated over 5 years using a randomized clinical trial.

The care was associated with better quality of life for the person with dementia and well‐being for the caregiver.

The most robust treatment effects were in the first 2 years.
Homocysteine, neurodegenerative biomarkers, and APOE ε4 in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Lin William Z. , Yu Di , Xiong Lisa Y. , Zebarth Julia , Wang Ruoding , Fischer Corinne E. , Rajji Tarek K. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Tartaglia Carmela , Saposnik Gustavo , Swartz Richard H. , Grimes David A. , Lang Anthony E. , Hegele Robert A. , Farhan Sali , Ramirez Joel , Symons Sean , Goubran Maged , Binns Malcolm A. , Lou Wendy , Dixon Roger A. , Orange Joseph B. , Roberts Angela C. , Troyer Angela K. , Zetterberg Henrik , Herrmann Nathan , Rabin Jennifer S. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Masellis Mario , Lanctôt Krista L. , Black Sandra E. , Swardfager Walter ,   the ONDRI Investigators
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases; however, its relationship with the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele has not been well characterized.

METHODS

Participants clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease or mild cognitive impairment (AD/MCI), frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, or cerebrovascular disease were stratified by the presence of the APOE ε4 allele. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging, plasma amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration biomarkers, and cognitive performance were quantified.

RESULTS

Across all diagnostic groups, Hcy was associated with lower brain parenchymal fraction and greater neurofilament light chain in APOE ε4 non‐carriers only. In AD/MCI, Hcy was associated with phosphorylated tau 217 in APOE ε4 non‐carriers, but not in carriers. Exploratory analyses revealed interactions between Hcy and APOE ε4 on memory and visuospatial function.

DISCUSSION

Hcy may contribute to neurodegeneration depending on the presence of the APOE ε4 allele and specific disease processes. Trials on vitamin B12 supplementation may consider stratifying by APOE genotype.

Highlights

Homocysteine (Hcy) was associated with neurodegenerative biomarkers across disease groups.

Relationships with Hcy were predominantly found in apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 non‐carriers.

In Alzheimer's disease, associations between Hcy and phosphorylated tau 217 were found in APOE ε4 non‐carriers only.

Significant interactions existed between Hcy and APOE ε4 status on cognition.
Oropouche Virus: An Emerging Neuroinvasive Arbovirus
Authors: Pastula Daniel M. , Beckham J. David , Tyler Kenneth L.
Published: November 2024

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an arthropod‐borne virus (arbovirus) in the Orthobunyavirus genus and Peribunyaviridae viral family that is endemic to parts of South America, Central America, and the Caribbean. It has recently emerged in Cuba, and travel‐imported cases are recently being reported in the United States and Europe. Typically maintained in a sylvatic cycle between certain forest sloths, non‐human primates, birds, and mosquitoes, OROV disease outbreaks can occur in an urban cycle between certain biting midges and/or mosquitoes and humans. Clinically, approximately 60% of infections are symptomatic with an abrupt fever and non‐specific influenza‐like illness within 3 to 10 days. Many initial OROV infections can present similarly to chikungunya, dengue, and Zika virus infections. Interestingly, OROV infections can follow a biphasic course with recurrence of symptoms approximately 1 week after initial symptom onset. Concerningly, similar to Zika virus, it appears that vertical transmission of OROV may occur with potentially adverse effects on fetal development including miscarriages. Neuroinvasion of OROV occurs in animal models, and human cases of meningitis, encephalitis, and peri‐infectious Guillain‐Barré syndrome have all been reported. Diagnosis is either through detection of OROV nucleic acid, OROV immunoglobulin M, or OROV neutralizing antibodies in the serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid. No antiviral treatments are available, and there are no current vaccines. Preventing mosquito and biting midge bites is key. Neurologists should be aware of and report any potential neuroinvasive OROV disease cases to local/state/territorial health departments. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:28–33
Iodid‐Anion ermöglicht eine reduktive Kreuz‐Elektrophil‐Kupplung zur Herstellung tertiärer Amine
Authors: Lemmerer Miran , Tona Veronica , Just David , Vavrík Miloš , Maryasin Boris , Di Mauro Giovanni , B. zur Bonsen Andreas , Kaiser Daniel , Maulide Nuno
Published: November 2024

Die Reduktionskraft des Iodid‐Anions ist eine wenig erforschte Eigenschaft, die für die Kreuzkupplung elektrophiler, organischer Moleküle genutzt werden kann. Hier machen wir uns diese Eigenschaft zunutze, um tertiäre Amine durch die Kombination zweier einfacher Reagenzien herzustellen. Dabei handelt es sich um ein elektrophiles Kohlenstoffedukt und ein Iminiumiodid, das eine Doppelrolle erfüllt – sowohl als stickstoffhaltiger Baustein, als auch als Reduktionsmittel. Der zugrundeliegende Mechanismus dieses neuen Paradigmas der C−C‐Bindungsbildung wurde durch eine Kombination aus Experimenten und quantenchemischen Berechnungen untersucht.
Ligand‐Responsive Artificial Protein–Protein Communication for Field‐Deployable Cell‐Free Biosensing
Authors: Wang Ke , Liu Siqian , Zhou Shuqi , Qileng Aori , Wang Dingyi , Liu Yingju , Chen Chunlai , Lei Chunyang , Nie Zhou
Published: November 2024

Natural protein–protein communications, such as those between transcription factors (TFs) and RNA polymerases/ribosomes, underpin cell‐free biosensing systems operating on the transcription/translation (TXTL) paradigm. However, their deployment in field analysis is hampered by the delayed response (hour‐level) and the complex composition of in vitro TXTL systems. For this purpose, we present a de novo‐designed ligand‐responsive artificial protein–protein communication (LIRAC) by redefining the connection between TFs and non‐interacting CRISPR/Cas enzymes. By rationally designing a chimeric DNA adaptor and precisely regulating its binding affinities to both proteins, LIRAC immediately transduces target‐induced TF allostery into rapid CRISPR/Cas enzyme activation within a homogeneous system. Consequently, LIRAC obviates the need for RNA/protein biosynthesis inherent to conventional TXTL‐based cell‐free systems, substantially reducing reaction complexity and time (from hours to 10 minutes) with improved sensitivity and tunable dynamic range. Moreover, LIRAC exhibits excellent versatility and programmability for rapidly and sensitively detecting diverse contaminants, including antibiotics, heavy metal ions, and preservatives. It also enables the creation of a multi‐protein communication‐based tristate logic for the intelligent detection of multiple contaminants. Integrated with portable devices, LIRAC has been proven effective in the field analysis of environmental samples and personal care products, showcasing its potential for environmental and health monitoring.
Precise Photochemical Post‐Processing of Molecular Crystals
Authors: Qi Jianqun , Lan Linfeng , Chen Quanliang , Li Liang , Naumov Panče , Zhang Hongyu
Published: November 2024

Molecular crystals carry a great potential as new soft smart materials, with a plethora of recent examples overcoming the major obstacle of mechanical flexibility, and this research direction holds enormous potential to revolutionize optics, electronics, medicine, and space exploration. However, shaping organic crystals into desired shapes and sizes remains a major practical challenge due to the lack of control over the crystallization process, and the difficulties in mechanical post‐processing without introduction of defects that are usually imparted by their soft nature. Here we present an innovative approach that employs photochemical processing for precise and nondestructive cutting of a molecular crystal. Our proposed method uses light to post‐process crystals of the desired size and shape, similar to using light to cut other materials. This reaction induces strain, ensuring sharp cleavage without the need for melting or other processes. We further demonstrate the potential of this approach by producing crystals of arbitrary size, which can be used as controllable optical waveguides. Among other potential applications, this method can be used to prepare dynamic crystals, particularly those with aspect ratios crucial for mechanical deformation, such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, and sensing.
Unconventional Near‐Equilibrium Nucleation of Graphene on Si‐Terminated SiC(0001) Surface
Authors: Huang Haojie , Ren Zebin , Xue Xiao , Guo Haoyuancheng , Chen Jianyi , Guo Yunlong , Liu Yunqi , Dong Jichen
Published: November 2024

The transfer‐free character of graphene growth on Silicon Carbide (SiC) makes it compatible with state‐of‐the‐art Si semiconductor technologies for directly fabricating high‐end electronics. Although significant progress has been achieved in epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC recently, the underlying nucleation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present a theoretical study to elucidate graphene near‐equilibrium nucleation on Si‐terminated hexagonal‐SiC(0001) surface. It is found that the ultra‐large lattice mismatch between SiC(0001) surface and graphene and the highly localized electron distribution on SiC(0001) surface lead to a distinctive nucleation process: (i) Most of the magic carbon clusters on SiC(0001) show only C1 symmetry and are mainly composed of pentagonal rings; (ii) Two possible nucleation pathways are revealed, i.e., longitudinal and circular modes; (iii) Carbon clusters are more stable on flat terraces than near atomic step edges. Based on above findings, a graphene nucleation diagram on SiC(0001) is established and experimentally observed contradictories for graphene growth on SiC(0001) are answered. Our in‐depth understanding on graphene nucleation on SiC(0001) extends nucleation mechanisms of 2D crystals and will benefit high‐quality graphene growth on SiC(0001).
Nanomaterials‐Induced PANoptosis: A Promising Anti‐Tumor Strategy
Authors: Hou Guanghui , Chen Youdong , Lei Huali , Lu Shunyi , Cheng Liang
Published: November 2024

Malignant tumors pose a significant threat to global public health. Promoting programmed cell death in cancer cells has become a critical strategy for cancer treatment. PANoptosis, a newly discovered form of regulated cell death, integrates key molecular components of pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis, activating these three death pathways simultaneously to achieve synergistic multi‐mechanistic killing. PANoptosis significantly inhibits cancer cell growth and resistance and activates strong anti‐tumor immune response, making tumor‐specific induction of PANoptosis a potential cancer therapeutic strategy. Currently, cancer treatment research related to PANoptosis is focused mainly on the development of small molecules and cytokines. However, these approaches still face limitations in terms of metabolic stability and tumor specificity. The unique physicochemical properties and biological activities of nanomaterials hold significant promise for optimizing PANoptosis induction strategies. This review summarizes the concept and mechanisms of PANoptosis, highlights the latest applications of nanoagents in PANoptosis‐based anti‐cancer therapy, and discusses the challenges and future directions for clinical translation. It is hoped that this review will inspire further exploration and development of PANoptosis‐based cancer treatments, providing new perspectives for researchers in the field.
Confinement Microenvironment Regulation of Carbon Dots in Zeolite for Multi‐Mode Time‐Dependent Phosphorescence Color Evolution
Authors: Zong Siyu , Wang Bolun , Zhang Jiani , Yu Xiaowei , Zhou Yida , Chen Yuze , Zhang Tianjun , Li Jiyang
Published: November 2024

Matrix immobilization has been proven to be a favored method for enhancing the phosphorescence of carbon dots (CDs), however, it remains a significant challenge to realize time‐dependent phosphorescence colors (TDPC) by embedding CDs with single emission center. In this study, we present a novel matrix‐controlling strategy to regulate the microenvironment of CDs by doping limited Mn2+ in zeolite. The surrounding environment influences the surface state of the CDs, leading to the formation of different excitons. At low temperatures, Mn‐coordinated CDs (C‐CDs) show fast‐decaying green phosphorescence, while non‐coordinated CDs (NC‐CDs) exhibit inherent slow‐decaying blue phosphorescence. Notably, the energy transfer occurs between NC‐CDs and Mn2+ to produce an ultrafast‐decaying red phosphorescence, with the intensity of the red component increasing as the temperature rises. The interplay of these luminescent centers with distinct decay rates activates fascinating multi‐mode TDPC behavior as the temperature changes, resulting in dynamic afterglow evolutions from red to green at 298 K, orange to green at 273 K, and green to cyan to blue at 77 K. Leveraging the diverse luminescence of CDs@MnAPO‐5, a multi‐dimensional dynamic afterglow color pattern was developed for advanced anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Tailored Metal–Organic Framework‐Based Nanozymes for Enhanced Enzyme‐Like Catalysis
Authors: Yu Zhichao , Xu Zhenjin , Zeng Ruijin , Xu Man , Zou Minglang , Huang Da , Weng Zuquan , Tang Dianping
Published: November 2024

The global crisis of bacterial infections is exacerbated by the escalating threat of microbial antibiotic resistance. Nanozymes promise to provide ingenious solutions. Here, we reported a homogeneous catalytic structure of Pt nanoclusters with finely tuned metal–organic framework (ZIF‐8) channel structures for the treatment of infected wounds. Catalytic site normalization showed that the active site of the Pt aggregates structure with fine‐tuned pore modifications structure had a catalytic capacity of 14.903×105 min−1, which was 18.7 times higher than that of the Pt particles in monodisperse state in ZIF‐8 (0.793×105 min−1). In situ tests revealed that the change from homocleavage to heterocleavage of hydrogen peroxide at the interface of the nanozyme was one of the key reasons for the improvement of nanozyme activity. Density‐functional theory and kinetic simulations of the reaction interface jointly determine the role of the catalytic center and the substrate channel together. Metabolomics analysis showed that the developed nanozyme, working in conjunction with reactive oxygen species, could effectively block energy metabolic pathways within bacteria, leading to spontaneous apoptosis and bacterial rupture. This pioneering study elucidates new ideas for the regulation of artificial enzyme activity and provides new perspectives for the development of efficient antibiotic substitutes.
Arene Ring Expansion by Ruthenium η6‐Arene Complexes
Authors: Whitehurst William G. , Schulte Tim , Wang Zikuan , Waldbach Felix , Ritter Tobias
Published: November 2024

Transition metal π‐arene complexes enable the dearomatization of benzene rings to access diversified unsaturated carbocycles through multistep synthetic procedures involving sequential addition of nucleophiles and electrophiles. This work details a single‐step dearomatization process by reaction of Ru(η6‐arene) complexes with enolates derived from α‐halo or α‐(tosyloxy)esters to directly transform π‐coordinated arenes to ring‐expanded cycloheptatrienes.
Inverse Vulcanization of Aziridines: Enhancing Polysulfides for Superior Mechanical Strength and Adhesive Performance
Authors: Fan Jieai , Ju Changzheng , Fan Songjie , Li Xia , Zhang Zhen , Hadjichristidis Nikos
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel approach to inverse vulcanization by utilizing a commercially available triaziridine crosslinker as an alternative to conventional olefin‐based crosslinkers. The model reactions reveal a self‐catalyzed ring‐opening of “unactivated” aziridine with elemental sulfur, forming oligosulfide‐functionalized diamines. The triaziridine‐derived polysulfides exhibit impressive mechanical properties, achieving a maximum stress of ~8.3 MPa and an elongation at break of ~107 %. The incorporation of silicon dioxide (20 wt %) enhances the composite's rigidity, yielding a Young's modulus of ~0.94 GPa. Furthermore, these polysulfides display excellent adhesion strength on various substrates, such as aluminum (~7.0 MPa), walnut (~9.6 MPa), and steel (~11.0 MPa), with substantial retention of adhesion strength (~3.3 MPa on steel) at −196 °C. The straightforward synthetic process, combined with the accessibility of the triaziridine crosslinker, emphasizes the potential for further innovations in sulfur polymer chemistry.
Rapid, Non‐Invasive, Accurate Diagnosis and Efficient Clearance of Metastatic Lymph Nodes
Authors: Ling Sisi , Yang Hongchao , Wu Feng , Yang Xiaohu , Li Tuanwei , Zhang Yejun , Jiang Jiang , Li Chunyan , Wang Qiangbin
Published: November 2024

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is currently the standard procedure for clinical cancer diagnosis and treatment, but still faces the risks of false negatives and tumor metastasis, as well as time‐consuming pathological evaluation procedure. Herein, we proposed a near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) theranostic nanosystem (FLAGC) for rapid, non‐invasive, accurate diagnosis and efficient clearance of metastatic lymph nodes in breast cancer. Initialized by chlorin e6 (Ce6), a pH‐sensitive amphiphilic amino acid fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐L‐histidine (Fmoc‐His) was assembled with Gd3+, luminol, and AgAuSe quantum dots (AAS QDs) to form FLAGC. In FLAGC, luminol and AAS QDs form a NIR‐II chemical resonance energy transfer (CRET) system (Luminol‐AAS); Ce6 initiates the assembly and also serves as a photosensitizer. Upon subcutaneous injection, FLAGC is easily drained into SLNs, achieving their precise localization. Subsequently, the acidity of tumor microenvironment triggers the rapid disassembly of FLAGC, exposing Luminol‐AAS. myeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by tumor‐associated macrophages and neutrophils in SLNs mediates the oxidation of luminol, lighting up AAS QDs through the CRET process for precise diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes. Moreover, highly efficient clearance of positive lymph nodes is achieved through Ce6‐mediated photodynamic therapy. Our strategy provides a new paradigm for identifying and eliminating clinically metastatic lymph nodes.
Adamantane‐Type Nitridophosphate Phosphors AExLi10−2xP4N10 : Eu2+ via Medium‐Pressure Ion‐Exchange Reactions
Authors: Pritzl Reinhard M. , Buda Amalina T. , Witthaut Kristian , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

Nitridophosphates have emerged as promising host compounds in the field of solid‐state lighting. Their industrial relevance has increased significantly, mainly due to recent advances in synthetic approaches under medium‐pressure (MP) conditions, including ammonothermal synthesis and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). In this study, we report on the synthesis and characterization of the quaternary representatives CaxLi10−2xP4N10 (x=2, 2.7, 4) and Sr3Li4P4N10, prepared via a simplified ion exchange reaction under MP conditions, starting from the nitridophosphate‐based lithium ion conductor Li10P4N10. The synthesis route allowed for the preservation of the anionic [P4N10]10− structural motif of the starting material, while simultaneously introducing potential doping sites for Eu2+ by incorporating divalent alkaline earth cations (Ca2+/Sr2+). Upon excitation of Eu2+ doped samples with blue light, strong luminescence due to parity‐allowed 4f6(7F)5d1→4f7(8S7/2) transition can be observed in the red (Ca2Li6P4N10 : Eu2+: λmax=626 nm), yellow/orange (Ca2.7Li4.6P4N10 : Eu2+: λmax1=506 nm, λmax2=592 nm and Sr3Li4P4N10 : Eu2+: λmax=596 nm) and green (Ca4Li2P4N10 : Eu2+: λmax=546 nm) spectral regions of the visible light. The compounds presented, together with the simplified synthetic approach, demonstrate the significant potential of ion exchange on Li ion conductors for the development of novel nitridophosphates in the future.
A Pair of Deep Red Phosphorescent Responsive Emissive Cyclometalated Iridium (III) Complexes as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor and Effective Theranostic Photosensitizer
Authors: Yang Jiayan , Wang Ting , Wang Pengchao , Gao Chuanzhu , Yang Jing
Published: November 2024

Herein, two deep red phosphorescent responsive emissive cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes with CAIX inhibition moiety was designed and synthesized; they can penetrate into living cells quickly and mainly located in the lysosome. They showed a strong binding affinity towards CAIX in vitro and effectively reduced cellular expression of CAIX. Moreover, the tethered CAIX‐inhibition moiety of benzene sulfonamide can decrease the inherent cytotoxicity of Ir(III) complex towards normal cells and improve killing selectivity towards cancer cells in dark; Ir3 and Ir4 exhibit approximately five to eight times higher killing selectivity than that of cisplatin; they exhibit satisfied photodynamic therapy effect under irradiation of 425 nm, ultimately resulting in apoptosis of cancer cell, which is accompanied with weakening of extracellular acidification, increased inhibition of cellular CAIX expression, significant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and elevated level of reactive oxygen. Herein, our work may demonstrate that combination of inhibition CAIX and metal photosensitizer may provide a promising strategy for constructing a novel theranostic platform.
Antioxidants Recognition Colorimetric Sensor Array Based on Multicolor System
Authors: Huang Wei , Wen Hongkuan , Li Yao , Wang Wenhua , Long Dengying
Published: November 2024

A colorimetric sensor array with three identification signals has been developed to visually recognize five antioxidants based on CuFe Prussian blue analogs nanocubes (CuFe PBA NCs) and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB). The CuFe PBA NCs can oxidize TMB to produce three ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorption peaks at different wavelengths (370, 450, and 650 nm). Depending on the different reduction capacity of dopamine, cysteine, ascorbic acid, glutathione, and melatonin, the redox process can be inhibited to varying degrees, resulting in different changes in the signal generation of three identification elements. And in the presence of different antioxidants, the color of the solution also changes in different degrees. Five antioxidants (20 μM) can be identified by this colorimetric sensor array, and the identification accuracy was 100% for 40 unknown antioxidants. In addition, these antioxidants can also be quantified based on the regression equation between the concentration of the antioxidants and the absorbance change. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.990, and the detection limit is less than 3.5 μM.
A Systematic Study on the Polymerization Processes and Resulting Polymer Properties of Bioinspired Sesamol and Diamine‐Based Benzoxazines
Authors: Haubold Thorben S. , Abels Gideon , Koschek Katharina
Published: November 2024

Benzoxazine monomers based on sesamol and aliphatic diamines with a systematic variation of chain lengths were synthesized to study the influence of the diamine chain lengths on thermal and thermo‐mechanical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed an even‐odd effect as the melting point for monomers with an odd chain length was at least 35°C lower compared to their even counterparts. In addition, longer diamine chain lengths increased the beginning of the polymerization from 187°C for diaminoethane (DAE) up to 218°C for diaminohexane (DAH). Rheological analysis revealed a short time frame between the melting and polymerization for monomers based on diaminoethane, ‐propane or ‐butane preventing a polymerization. Polymerization was successful for sesamol benzoxazine with diaminopentane (S‐DAPe) and ‐hexane (S‐DAH) resulting polymers with high glass transition temperatures of up to 228°C for poly(S‐DAPe) and 231°C for poly(S‐DAH), respectively. Remarkably, it was found that S‐DAH could also be polymerized at a lower temperature of 155°C yielding a T
g of 175°C. Furthermore, MCC results showed that peak heat release rate and total heat release of the diamine based polybenzoxazines decrease with decreasing chain length. In comparison to other sesamol based benzoxazines the presence of diamine linkers result in bisbenzoxazines with higher T
g.
Substrate‐Dependent Stereoselective Synthesis of Pyrrolo[3,4‐b]Pyridin‐5‐Ones and Pyridyl Isoindoline‐1‐Ones Using Bis(benzotriazol‐1‐yl) Ligand
Authors: Yadav Mangal S. , Jaiswal Manoj K. , Kumar Sunil , Singh Sumit K. , Garai Somenath , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: November 2024

The documented work highlighted the synthesis of bis(benzotriazol‐1‐yl) methane derivatives using silicomolybdic acid (SMA) and successfully implemented in the stereoselective synthesis of diverse pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐5‐one and pyridyl isoindolinones derivatives in one‐pot. The pyridinamide precursor with diverse alkynes furnished Z‐selectivity of pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridin‐5‐one across exocyclic C=C bond while the various benzamides on treating with 2‐ethynyl pyridine afforded (E)‐pyridylisoindoline‐1‐ones as a major isomer. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction provides strong evidence in favor of the existence and orientation of developed compounds. The broad substrate scope, easy accessibility of substrates, high stereoselectivity, scale‐up synthesis, and crystal evidence demonstrate the merits of the current decorum.
Narrative abilities of autistic and non‐autistic adolescents: The role of mentalising and executive function
Authors: Harvey Anna , Spicer‐Cain Helen , Botting Nicola , Henry Lucy
Published: November 2024

Spoken narrative skills are important for adolescents in their everyday lives. Previous research suggests that producing well‐structured and coherent narratives may be challenging for autistic young people. Mentalising, also known as “advanced Theory of Mind” (ToM) and “Executive Function” (EF) are two cognitive abilities frequently explored in relation to autism, both of which may be implicated in narrative ability. The present study investigated these relationships in a group of autistic adolescents (N = 44) aged 11–15 years and a comparable non‐autistic group (N = 54) that did not significantly differ on age, sex, nonverbal cognitive ability, or receptive/expressive language skills. Participants were assessed on a video‐based spoken narrative task, scored for both overall structure (“story grammar”) and narrative coherence. A battery of tasks measuring mentalising and EF (working memory, inhibition, shifting, generativity) was also administered. Relationships between scores on cognitive measures and narrative performance were investigated using hierarchical linear regression analyses. Mentalising scores were found to significantly predict narrative performance across all outcome measures and were a stronger predictor than diagnostic group. Diagnostic group predicted narrative structure (“story grammar”) scores but not coherence scores. EF scores were not predictive of narrative ability in this sample. Mentalising skills appear to play an important role for both autistic and non‐autistic adolescents in the generation of narrative structure and coherence within spoken accounts.
Enantioselective Membranes for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Gogoi Monti , Goswami Rajiv , Borah Akhil Ranjan , Phukan Lachit , Hazarika Swapnali
Published: November 2024

In the past decade, significant advances have been made in the field of chiral separation, which is crucial for biological and pharmaceutical applications. Enantioselective membranes have emerged as a promising platform for efficient chiral separation due to their unique properties such as large surface area, tunable pore size, and high selectivity. These membranes are particularly effective in separating enantiomers because of their ability to facilitate selective interactions between the membrane material and chiral molecules. This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in enantioselective membranes for chiral separation. Key topics discussed include various membrane fabrication methods, functionalization approaches, and the characterization of membrane properties, specifically in the context of applications like drug delivery, biomolecule separation, and pharmaceutical analysis. Furthermore, the review addresses the current challenges, potential solutions, and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the direction for upcoming research.
Beyond technique: The role of the multidimensional nature of energy accounting in shaping a better world
Authors: Magliacani Michela , Maione Gennaro , Toscano Valentina , Sica Daniela
Published: November 2024

Adopting the “multidimensional nature of accounting” framework, this study aims to identify what factors hinder the adoption of energy accounting as a practice that shapes a better world. This paper wants to highlight that the social and moral dimensions of accounting cannot be taken for granted, since they can provide insights to the professional and research debate. The case study methodology is used to investigate energy accounting in the first Italian Renewable Energy Community (REC). Data were collected through open interview and focus group and processed with a qualitative content analysis. The findings highlight some specific technical, social, and moral factors that hinder the adoption of energy accounting in practice. Key propositions are provided to help organizations understand how to adopt energy accounting, going beyond its mere technical nature. Ways forward are proposed to cultivate more significant levels of aspiration to reduce the disconnection between accounting theory and practice.
Is dissection or prosection equal in dental anatomy education?
Authors: Karaca Bozdağ Zekiye , Çandır Buse Naz , Macunluoğlu Aslı Ceren , Gürses İlke Ali
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to investigate the learning outcomes and opinions about dissection and prosection methods among second‐year dental students. Twenty‐one dental students participated in the study. Two topographic subjects were selected from the head and neck region. Theoretical and practical pre‐tests for the first subject were presented. After the theoretical lecture, the students were randomly divided into dissection and prosection groups and a practical lesson was presented. A post‐test was then applied. On another day, the same steps were repeated for the second topographic topic, reversing the practice groups. A feedback questionnaire was supplied to the students at the end of the study. The questions in the first part of the feedback survey were scored using a 5‐point Likert scale, and the open‐ended questions in the second part were scored by creating a six‐step latent thematic analysis — main themes and sub‐themes. Post‐test scores were higher in both subjects (p < 0.001). While there was no difference between the pre‐ and post‐test student scores on practical questions in the first subject, the post‐test practical scores were higher in the second subject (p = 0.044). There was no significant difference between the dissection and prosection groups for either subject (p > 0.05). Most of the students (n = 18, 85.71%) stated that both methods were necessary for anatomy education. Some of them (n = 12, 57.41%) found prosection more useful and some (n = 5, 23.81%) found dissection more useful. In response to the answers to the open‐ended questions, four main themes were created and the results related to these main themes were collected in sub‐themes. This study shows that the preferred method of cadaveric education, whether dissection or prosection, has a positive effect on both students' emotions and learning outcomes. Institutions can use both methods in a balanced way when designing anatomy curricula in dental schools.
A Combinatorial Functional Precision Medicine Platform for Rapid Therapeutic Response Prediction in AML
Authors: Sahib Noor Rashidha Binte Meera , Mohamed Jameelah Sheik , Rashid Masturah Bte Mohd Abdul , Jayalakshmi  , Lin Yihao Clement , Chee Yen Lin , Fan Bingwen Eugene , De Mel Sanjay , Ooi Melissa Gaik Ming , Jen Wei‐Ying , Chow Edward Kai‐Hua
Published: November 2024

Background

Despite advances made in targeted biomarker‐based therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, remission is often short and followed by relapse and acquired resistance. Functional precision medicine (FPM) efforts have been shown to improve therapy selection guidance by incorporating comprehensive biological data to tailor individual treatment. However, effectively managing complex biological data, while also ensuring rapid conversion of actionable insights into clinical utility remains challenging.

Methods

We have evaluated the clinical applicability of quadratic phenotypic optimization platform (QPOP), to predict clinical response to combination therapies in AML and reveal patient‐centric insights into combination therapy sensitivities. In this prospective study, 51 primary samples from newly diagnosed (ND) or refractory/relapsed (R/R) AML patients were evaluated by QPOP following ex vivo drug testing.

Results

Individualized drug sensitivity reports were generated in 55/63 (87.3%) patient samples with a median turnaround time of 5 (4–10) days from sample collection to report generation. To evaluate clinical feasibility, QPOP‐predicted response was compared to clinical treatment outcomes and indicated concordant results with 83.3% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity and an overall 86.2% accuracy. Serial QPOP analysis in a FLT3‐mutant patient sample indicated decreased FLT3 inhibitor (FLT3i) sensitivity, which is concordant with increasing FLT3 allelic burden and drug resistance development. Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1)—AKT signaling was subsequently identified to contribute to resistance to FLT3i.

Conclusion

Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of applying QPOP as a functional combinatorial precision medicine platform to predict therapeutic sensitivities in AML and provides the basis for prospective clinical trials evaluating ex vivo‐guided combination therapy.
Longitudinal Trends of Comorbidities and Survival Among Kidney Cancer Patients in Asian Population
Authors: Jung Minji , Choo Eunjung , Li Jinhui , Deng Zhengyi , Langston Marvin E. , Lee Sukhyang , Chung Benjamin I.
Published: November 2024

Background

Comorbidity could influence cancer diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, or survival. Although comorbidity burden in kidney cancer patients is high, limited evidence exists on the longitudinal patterns of individual comorbidity prevalence and its impact on overall survival among kidney cancer patients, particularly in Asian populations.

Methods

We included adults diagnosed with kidney cancer between 2010 and 2021 using the Korean nationwide health insurance database. Comorbidities assessed were any 1 of 19 specific medical conditions, diagnosed within 1 year prior to cancer diagnosis. We calculated the incidence and age‐standardized incidence rate of kidney cancer, prevalence of individual medical conditions as single or multiple comorbidities, and overall survival probability of kidney cancer patients over a 12‐year period. We estimated the odds ratio (OR) of having individual and multiple comorbidities with age and sex as independent covariates and adjusted for other comorbidities. Kaplan–Meier curves were used for overall survival at different time frames up to 5 years of follow‐up.

Results

Among kidney cancer patients (N = 42,740), 68.7% were men, and median (interquartile range) age was 59 (49–68) years. Approximately 76% of patients had at least one comorbidity at the time of cancer diagnosis. Overall, hypertension (51.3%), dyslipidemia (40.2%), mild liver disease (27.4%), diabetes (25.1%), and peptic ulcer disease (18.9%) were the most prevalent comorbidities. The proportion of patients having three or more comorbidities continuously increased from 2010 (29.4%) to 2021 (44.9%). Having more comorbidities was associated with a lower probability of overall survival.

Conclusion

Comorbidities were prevalent in kidney cancer patients, and the proportions of patients with multiple conditions increased over time. Although survival probability increased over time, it was attenuated by having more comorbidities. Our data emphasizes the importance of comprehensive management for both cancer and comorbid conditions in kidney cancer patients.
Transfer Hydrogenative Cleavage of N═N Bond of Azoarenes to Aminoarenes Using Ruthenium Catalyst
Authors: Mohanty Aisa , Sinha Arindam , Kenguva Gowtham , Dandela Rambabu , Daw Prosenjit
Published: November 2024

Textile industry contaminants cause significant pollution of water resources, making them a major worry in the modern age. Azo dyes, one of the most harmful synthetic colors generated in textile industry pollutants, are particularly persistent in water bodies due to their chemical composition. In this study, an efficient transfer hydrogenative cleavage of the ─N═N─ moiety containing azoarene to their corresponding aminoarenes is accomplished using a terpyridine‐based ruthenium complex. This report depicts the suitable transformations from the azoarene by adopting a minimal base and catalyst loading. The preliminary mechanistic studies disclosed the selective conversion of azoarenes to its complete ─N═N─ cleavage products, aminoarenes, through the hydrazoarenes intermediate.
Nutation Spectroscopy of a Weakly Interacting Heterobimetallic Spin System
Authors: Appleton Jordan L. , Le Breton Nolwenn , Choua Sylvie , Ruppert Romain , Boudalis Athanassios K.
Published: November 2024

The use of VIV and CuII spins to design weakly coupled and dissymmetric spin systems has been examined. Such systems were synthesized using porphyrin‐based complexes, with external coordination sites allowing for the formation of dimers via a PdII linker ion. Continuous‐wave (CW) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy allowed the unequivocal magnetic characterization of the mononuclear precursors VO and Cu. The porphyrin dimer (VO)PdCu presented a broad and overlapped spectrum that was more pronounced than for the previously reported (VO)Pd(VO), hinting at the effect of weak interspin interactions between dissimilar spins. Pulsed EPR experiments on VO, (VO)Pd(VO) and (VO)PdCu samples diluted in a diamagnetic matrix confirmed that this complication is also present in the Field‐Swept Echo‐Detected (FSED) spectra of the heterometallic (VO)PdCu system. Despite the strongly overlapped field‐swept spectra, spin nutation experiments revealed two distinct oscillations in the case of (VO)PdCu, which are assigned to transitions with different spin characters. Remarkably, coherence is retained above liquid nitrogen temperatures for all complexes, in particular up to 295 K for VO and (VO)Pd(VO) and 150 K for (VO)PdCu.
Site‐Selective γ‐Trihalomethylation and γ‐Dihalomethylidenation of Silyl Dienol Ethers under Organophotoredox Catalysis
Authors: Banoun Camille , Bourdreux Flavien , Magnier Emmanuel , Dagousset Guillaume
Published: November 2024

We report a general remote tribromo‐ and trichloromethylation process using CBr4 and CBrCl3 as ready available sources of trihalomethyl radicals. This method operates under mild and metal‐free photocatalyzed conditions and enables the access to γ‐trihalomethylated enals with complete regioselectivity in up to 71 % isolated yield. Importantly, this protocol is easily adapted to the selective one‐pot synthesis of the corresponding γ‐dihalomethylidenated enals in up to 49 % overall yield. Mechanistic studies are in favor of a radical chain propagation initiated by an oxidative quenching of the photocatalyst.
Outcomes of Bolus Dose Furosemide Versus Continuous Infusion in Patients With Acute Decompensated Left Ventricular Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Khan Babar , Shuja Darab , Saqib Burhan ul Haq , Liaquat Maria , Malik Jahanzeb , Ashraf Amna , Karim Ali , Ahmed Iftikhar , Akhtar Waheed , Mehmoodi Amin
Published: November 2024

Background

This prospective, randomized trial aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of different intravenous diuretic regimens in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) patients.

Methods

ADHF patients were enrolled and randomized into three groups: continuous intravenous furosemide infusion (cIV), bolus furosemide injection (bI), and furosemide plus hypertonic saline solution (HSS). Clinical outcomes were assessed over 48 h.

Results

In a study involving 1276 patients admitted for ADHF, three therapeutic regimens (T × 1, T × 2, and T × 3) were compared. T × 1 administered an 80 mg furosemide intravenous bolus infusion twice daily to 479 patients, while T × 2 involved a continuous 16‐h infusion of 160 mg furosemide daily to 420 patients. T × 3 treated 377 patients with 160 mg furosemide combined with 150 mL of HSS containing 1.95% NaCl over 30 min. Yet, overall changes in renal markers such as BUN, Na, K, and serum creatinine did not differ significantly. Analysis of prespecified study endpoints revealed notable variations in hospitalization length among the treatment arms. T × 1 demonstrated a significantly shorter hospital stay (3.7 days) compared to T × 2 (6.6 days) and T × 3 (7.9 days). Conversely, alterations in serum creatinine at 48 h, overall changes in serum creatinine, body weight loss, and serum potassium levels did not significantly differ among the treatment groups.

Conclusion

While intravenous bolus of furosemide showed potential benefits in reducing hospitalization duration, limitations such as a small sample size and short‐term observation emphasize the need for larger studies to validate these outcomes further.
Embrace with caution: The limitations of generative artificial intelligence in responding to patient health care queries
Authors: Leslie Sarah E. , Durden Jakob A. , Tevis Sarah E.
Published: November 2024

Generative artificial intelligence offers promising avenues for patient education, but its current limitations necessitate a cautious and well informed approach to use. The health care system must adapt to emerging technologies while also striving to deliver timely and patient friendly communication and build trust with the populations they intend to serve.
The Relationship Between Metacognitive Beliefs and Suicidal Ideation Among Chinese Male Prisoners: A Network Analysis
Authors: Zeng Xiaoqing , Wang Mengye
Published: November 2024

Background

The relationship between metacognitive beliefs and suicidal ideation is complex, yet there is limited research exploring ‘the fine‐grained and comorbid pathways between the two variables’, particularly in prisoners.

Methods

Data were collected from prisoners who completed demographic surveys and psychological scales between February and March 2024. Demographic information included age, educational background and duration of imprisonment. The Metacognitions Questionnaire‐30 (MCQ‐30) and Self‐Rating Idea of Suicide Scale (SIOSS) were administered. Using R 4.2.3 software, a network model of metacognitive beliefs and suicidal ideation was constructed, with expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI) calculated to compare the roles of specific symptoms within the network.

Results

The network model revealed 21 significant edges between metacognitive beliefs and the suicidal ideation community. The most vital edges across communities included ‘Negative beliefs about worry’ and ‘Despair’, ‘Cognitive confidence’ and ‘Despair’, ‘Cognitive self‐consciousness’ and ‘Optimism’, and ‘Cognitive confidence’ and ‘Sleep’ (with edge weights of 0.30, 0.16, −0.16 and 0.11, respectively). ‘Despair’ demonstrated the highest EI value, exerting the strongest impact on the network. The highest BEI values were found for ‘Negative beliefs about worry’ and ‘Despair’.

Conclusion

Network analyses underscore the intricate interplay between metacognitive beliefs and suicidal ideation among prisoners at the symptom level. These findings highlight specific areas for therapeutic focus, potentially leading to more effective mental health support for incarcerated individuals.