bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Non-Destructive Testing of Log Knot Resistance Based on Improved Inverse-Distance-Weighted Interpolation Algorithm
Authors: Liu Fenglu , Chen Wenhao , Wang Qinhui , Xiao Jiawei
Published: October 2024

The objective of this paper is to propose a non-destructive resistance detection imaging algorithm for log knots based on improved inverse-distance-weighted interpolation algorithm, i.e., the eccentric circle-based inverse-distance-weighted (ECIDW) method, to predict the size, shape, and position of internal knots of logs; evaluate its precision and accuracy; and both lay a theoretical foundation and provide a scientific basis for predicting and assessing knots in standing trees. Six sample logs with natural knots were selected for this study. Resistance measurements were performed on the log cross-sections using a digital bridge, and resistance tomography was conducted using the improved ECIDW algorithm, which combines the azimuth search method with the eccentric circle search method. The results indicated that both the conventional inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) algorithm and the ECIDW algorithm accurately predicted the positions of the knots. However, neither algorithm was able to predict the shape of the knots with high precision, leading to some discrepancies between the predicted and actual knot shapes. The relative error (Dt1) between the knot areas measured by the IDW algorithm and the actual knot areas ranged from 18.97% to 88.34%. The relative error (Dt2) for the knot areas predicted by the ECIDW algorithm ranged from 1.82% to 74.16%. The average prediction accuracy for the knot areas using the IDW algorithm was 51.58%, compared to 72.90% using the ECIDW algorithm. This indicates that the ECIDW algorithm has higher accuracy in predicting knot areas compared to the conventional IDW algorithm. The ECIDW algorithm proposed in this paper provides a more reasonable and accurate prediction and evaluation of knots inside logs. Compared to the conventional IDW algorithm, the ECIDW algorithm demonstrates greater precision and accuracy in predicting the shape and size of knots. While the resistance method shows significant potential for predicting internal knots in logs and standing trees, further improvements to the algorithm were needed to enhance the imaging effects and the precision and accuracy of knot area and shape predictions.
CPH-Fmnet: An Optimized Deep Learning Model for Multi-View Stereo and Parameter Extraction in Complex Forest Scenes
Authors: Dai Lingnan , Chen Zhao , Zhang Xiaoli , Wang Dianchang , Huo Lishuo
Published: October 2024

The three-dimensional reconstruction of forests is crucial in remote sensing technology, ecological monitoring, and forestry management, as it yields precise forest structure and tree parameters, providing essential data support for forest resource management, evaluation, and sustainable development. Nevertheless, forest 3D reconstruction now encounters obstacles including higher equipment costs, reduced data collection efficiency, and complex data processing. This work introduces a unique deep learning model, CPH-Fmnet, designed to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of 3D reconstruction in intricate forest environments. CPH-Fmnet enhances the FPN Encoder-Decoder Architecture by meticulously incorporating the Channel Attention Mechanism (CA), Path Aggregation Module (PA), and High-Level Feature Selection Module (HFS), alongside the integration of the pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT), thereby significantly improving the model’s global feature extraction and local detail reconstruction abilities. We selected three representative sample plots in Haidian District, Beijing, China, as the study area and took forest stand sequence photos with an iPhone for the research. Comparative experiments with the conventional SfM + MVS and MVSFormer models, along with comprehensive parameter extraction and ablation studies, substantiated the enhanced efficacy of the proposed CPH-Fmnet model in addressing difficult circumstances such as intricate occlusions, poorly textured areas, and variations in lighting. The test results show that the model does better on a number of evaluation criteria. It has an RMSE of 1.353, an MAE of only 5.1%, an r value of 1.190, and a forest reconstruction rate of 100%, all of which are better than current methods. Furthermore, the model produced a more compact and precise 3D point cloud while accurately determining the properties of the forest trees. The findings indicate that CPH-Fmnet offers an innovative approach for forest resource management and ecological monitoring, characterized by cheap cost, high accuracy, and high efficiency.
Health IoT Threats: Survey of Risks and Vulnerabilities
Authors: Madanian Samaneh , Chinbat Tserendorj , Subasinghage Maduka , Airehrour David , Hassandoust Farkhondeh , Yongchareon Sira
Published: October 2024

The secure and efficient collection of patients’ vital information is a challenge faced by the healthcare industry. Through the adoption and application of Internet of Things (IoT), the healthcare industry has seen an improvement in the quality of delivered services and patient safety. However, IoT utilization in healthcare is challenging due to the sensitive nature of patients’ clinical information and communicating this across heterogeneous networks and among IoT devices. We conducted a semi-systematic literature review to provide an overview of IoT security and privacy challenges in the healthcare sector over time. We collected 279 studies from 5 scientific databases, of which 69 articles met the requirements for inclusion. We performed thematic and qualitative content analysis to extract trends and information. According to our analysis, the vulnerabilities in IoT in healthcare are classified into three main layers: perception, network, and application. We comprehensively reviewed IoT privacy and security threats on each layer. Different technological advancements were suggested to address the identified vulnerabilities in healthcare. This review has practical implications, emphasizing that healthcare organizations, software developers, and device manufacturers must prioritize healthcare IoT security and privacy. A comprehensive, multilayered security approach, security-by-design principles, and training for staff and end-users must be adopted. Regulators and policy makers must also establish and enforce standards and regulations that promote the security and privacy of healthcare IoT. Overall, this study underscores the importance of ensuring the security and privacy of healthcare IoT, with stakeholders’ coordinated efforts to address the complex and evolving security and privacy threats in this field. This can enhance healthcare IoT trust and reliability, reduce the risks of security and privacy issues and attacks, and ultimately improve healthcare delivery quality and safety.
Genomic Analysis of the Giant Red Shrimp (Aristaeomorpha foliacea) Using Next-Generation Sequencing: Set of Tools for Population Studies
Authors: Heras Sandra , Abras Alba , Palahí Aleix , García-Marín Jose-Luis , Roldán María Inés
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The giant red shrimp, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, is a valuable marine fishing resource. The conservation of species, especially exploited ones, depends on a good knowledge of their biology, as well as the development of appropriate management plans based on the identification of genetically differentiated units or genetic stocks. Microsatellites are widely used molecular markers to detect genetic stocks in penaeoid shrimps and prawns. This study aimed to develop and characterize new microsatellites for A. foliacea. Methods: Next-generation sequencing based on 454 pyrosequencing revealed 58 candidate microsatellite loci for A. foliacea. These were tested on a panel of 8 individuals representative of its worldwide geographical distribution, and 19 polymorphic loci were identified and subsequently validated and characterized in 30 individuals from a single population in the Mediterranean Sea. Results: As a result, 10 polymorphic loci were identified, which did not present linkage disequilibrium and showed a range of alleles per locus and an observed and expected heterozygosity of 2–10, 0.0667–0.5567, and 0.0661–0.8511, respectively. Nine out of these loci were under Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and showed a combined exclusion probability of 0.9202 and 0.9968 in parentage and identity analysis, respectively. Conclusions: This set of loci will provide a strong set of tools to (i) perform parentage studies and (ii) examine connectivity patterns (horizontal and vertical), including examining the population structure of this species at a variety of geographical scales and, particularly, between exploited populations in shallow waters and deeper unexploited populations.
Structural Analysis of Virus Regulatory N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Machinery of the Black Flying Fox (Pteropus alecto) and the Egyptian Fruit Bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) Shows Evolutionary Conservation Amongst Mammals
Authors: Nasr Asmaa , Copeland Nikki , Munir Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant RNA epitranscriptomic modification in eukaryotes. The m6A machinery includes cellular writer, eraser and reader proteins that regulate m6A. Pteropus alecto (P. alecto) (the Australian black flying fox) and Rousettus aegyptiacus (R. aegyptiacus) (the Egyptian fruit bat) are bats associated with several viral zoonoses yet neglected in the field of m6A epigenetics studies. Objectives: This study utilises various bioinformatics and in silico tools to genetically identify, characterise and annotate the m6A machinery in P. alecto and R. aegyptiacus. Methods: A range of bioinformatic tools were deployed to comprehensively characterise all known m6A-associated proteins of P. alecto and R. aegyptiacus. Results: Phylogenetically, the m6A fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) eraser placed the order Chiroptera (an order including all bat species) in a separate clade. Additionally, it showed the lowest identity matrices in P. alecto and R. aegyptiacus when compared to other mammals (74.1% and 72.8%) and Homo sapiens (84.0% and 76.1%), respectively. When compared to humans, genetic loci-based analysis of P. alecto and R. aegyptiacus showed syntenic conservation in multiple flanking genes of 8 out the 10 m6A-associated genes. Furthermore, amino acid alignment and protein tertiary structure of the two bats’ m6A machinery demonstrated conservation in the writers but not in erasers and readers, compared to humans. Conclusions: These studies provide foundational annotation and genetic characterisation of m6A machinery in two important species of bats which can be exploited to study bat–virus interactions at the interface of epitranscriptomics.
Mediating Monstrosity: The Threat of the (In)Visible in the MonsterVerse
Authors: Kopitz Linda
Published: October 2024

Drawing on Susan Sontag’s understanding of the anxieties about contemporary existence lurking beneath the surface of science fiction films, this article argues that the focus on media monitoring, mapping and materializing the giant monster in the MonsterVerse functions as a negotiation of the limits of visibility of catastrophe. Hiding, waiting, lurking underneath the surface in the “Hollow Earth”, the giant monsters are—paradoxically—invisible and hypervisible, absent and present at the same time. Throughout and across the films and series in the narrative universe, media in the MonsterVerse are charged with “proving” the threat of the (in)visible, while at the same time challenging mediated registers of truth and trustability. Making the monster is simultaneously presented as the promise and problem of technological mediation. With the emphasis on flashbacks to different time periods—including the 1940s in Kong: Skull Island (2017), the 1950s in Monarch: Legacy of Monsters (2023) and the 1990s in Godzilla (2014)—this not only appears to be about the mediatization of the monsters but rather their analogization. Captured in hand-drawn maps, grainy images and static sound recordings, proving the existence of the monstrous threat becomes a question of materiality as well.
Change in Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Rectal Cancer Between 2010 and 2022
Authors: Doelz Ailina , Blasko Daniel , Schweizer Claudia , Fitz Tim , Kallies Annett , Fietkau Rainer , Distel Luitpold
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Advanced rectal cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide and has a significant impact on public health. Because favorable and long-term survival has been achieved with multimodal therapy, patient quality of life is very important. The intention of this study was to assess patients’ quality of life using various functioning and symptom scores from the years 2010 to 2022 and to examine changes over time. Methods: Data on health-related quality of life were collected from rectal cancer patients treated at the University Hospital Erlangen in Germany over a period of 13 years. The EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the rectal cancer-specific module QLQ-CR38 were completed in this study by a total of 516 patients. The questionnaires were collected before, during and at annual follow-up visits after treatment. Statistical significance was defined as p-values < 0.05 as well as a difference of 10 or more percentage points. Results: The deterioration in scores is most pronounced immediately after radiochemotherapy, especially for pain (+19.8 pp), fatigue (+16.1 pp) and diarrhoea (+24.8 pp). One year after the end of therapy, most of the values are again comparable to or better than those of the German general population and only role functioning (−19.8 pp), social functioning (−24.6 pp), diarrhoea (−21.6 pp) and financial difficulties (−16.3 pp) are considerably worse. Some baselines deteriorate clearly over time from 2010 to 2022; these are role functioning (−23.9 pp), social functioning (−17.3 pp), body image (−15.2 pp), fatigue (+13.8 pp) and nausea and vomiting (+10.5 pp). Conclusions: An improvement in therapy in terms of a reduction in side effects and, thus, an improvement in quality of life over time could not be proven. The deterioration in individual scores over time does not appear to be a problem specific to rectal cancer patients, but rather, is associated with social developments or systemic healthcare factors in German society that are not directly related to oncological diseases.
Consideration of Antifungal Coverage in Treating Infections Related to Delayed Esophageal Perforation from Anterior Cervical Spine Hardware
Authors: Prasad Kavita , Ceremsak John , Gallant Jean-Nicolas , Kay Hannah G. , Gettler Erin B. , Campbell Benjamin R. , Carlile Catherine R. , Stephens Byron F. , Rohde Sarah L. , Wright Patty W. , Fiske Christina T.
Published: October 2024

(1) Background/Objectives: Delayed esophageal perforation following anterior cervical (spine) discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is rare but can lead to serious infectious complications. The treatment usually involves hardware explanation and prolonged intravenous antibiotics; however, there are scarce reports about the microbiology of these infections and corresponding targeted therapy. (2) Methods: Patients diagnosed or treated for delayed esophageal perforation after anterior cervical fusion between 2000–2020 at a tertiary medical center were studied. (3) Results: Seven patients with delayed esophageal perforation following ACDF were identified. The most common bacteria isolated included Streptococcus, Haemophilus, and Mycobacterium species. The cultures from five patients grew fungal species, including Candida albicans and C. glabrata. All the patients received several weeks of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and, notably, 5/7 patients received antifungal therapy targeting Candida. (4) Conclusions: Although the incidence of delayed esophageal perforation following ACDF is low, providers should remain aware of this entity due to the serious infectious complications. Most infections are polymicrobial in nature, and providers should consider empiric antifungal coverage specifically targeting Candida species when treating patients with this complication.
“I Don’t Have Any Limits”: A Qualitative Analysis of Individual Gambling Self-Control Strategies
Authors: Nolan Emily , Scheurich Rebecca , Hahmann Tara , Morvannou Adèle , Jobin Emilie Y. , Monson Eva
Published: October 2024

Despite existing knowledge on self-control strategies in the context of problem gambling, further insight is needed to understand a broader spectrum of self-control strategies among individuals who span the continuum of problem gambling. This qualitative study drew on the experiences and perceptions of individuals engaging in recreational gambling as well as those at the at-risk and problem gambling levels to explore various self-control strategies and their nuances. Thirty semi-structured interviews, guided by open-ended questions exploring how gamblers define and practice responsible gambling and their understanding of responsible gambling interventions, were conducted in Quebec, Canada. Thematic analysis identified three main themes: setting limits on frequency, time, and spending, playing smart (i.e., mindful gambling), and recognizing strategy limitations. Despite employing various strategies, participants struggled to maintain self-control. Maintaining self-control was particularly difficult for those with higher Problem Gambling Severity Index scores. These findings underscore the complexities of managing gambling behavior and, more specifically, these findings contribute to understanding the role of self-control in mitigating gambling problems. This study highlights the need to focus on developing comprehensive support systems and harm minimization measures within gambling environments to better support individuals across the gambling spectrum.
Characterization of the Coriolopsis gallica DyP for Its Potential to Biotransform Various Fluoroquinolones
Authors: Staita Karima , Akrout Imen , Lambert Julien , Turbé-Doan Annick , Lomascolo Anne , Faulds Craig B. , Zouari-Mechichi Héla , Sciara Giuliano , Mechichi Tahar , Record Eric
Published: October 2024

Coriolopsis gallica (Cga) is a white-rot fungus renowned for its ability to secrete ligninolytic enzymes that are capable of oxidizing phenolic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the biochemical characteristics of a dye-decolorizing peroxidase named CgaDyP1 and test its ability to biotransform antibiotics. CgaDyP1 was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. We fully characterized the biochemical properties of CgaDyP1 and evaluated its dye-decolorizing potential to confirm that it belongs to the DyP class of enzymes. We also tested its fluoroquinolone antibiotic biotransformation potential for possible biotechnological applications. Alignment of the primary amino acid sequence with DyP homolog sequences showed that CgaDyP1 has high similarity with other fungal DyPs. The recombinant CgaDyP1 exhibited activity on substrates such as ABTS and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) with optimal performance at a pH of 3, although activity at pH 2.5, pH 4, and pH5 diminished over time. Thermostability tests indicated that the enzyme remains stable at temperatures between 30 °C and 50 °C and retains 70% of its initial activity after 180 min at 50 °C. Tests on the effect of hydrogen peroxide on CgaDyP1 activity found peak activity at 0.25 mM H2O2. CgaDyP1 decolorized five industrial dyes, and kinetics data confirmed that it belongs to the DyP class of enzymes. CgaDyP1 was shown to biotransform some of the 7 recalcitrant fluoroquinolone antibiotics tested here, including levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and norfloxacin, and thus holds potential for biotechnological applications.
Identification of Key Enzymes and Genes Modulating L-Ascorbic Acid Metabolism During Fruit Development of Lycium chinense by Integrating Metabolome, Transcriptome, and Physiological Analysis
Authors: Yin Chongxin , Xie Huichun , Geng Guigong , Li Zuxia , Ma Jianxia , Wu Xiaozhuo , Qiu Quan-Sheng , Qiao Feng
Published: October 2024

Lycium chinense is acknowledged for its substantial nutritional benefits, particularly attributed to the high levels of ascorbic acid (AsA) found in its fruits. The “Mengqi No.1” variety of L. chinense, which is cultivated in Qinghai, is known for its high yield and exceptional quality. We utilized the “Mengqi No.1” variety as experimental materials and combined metabolomic, transcriptomic, and physiological analyses to investigate the metabolites, genes, and enzymes related to AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits. The results revealed nine differential metabolites associated with AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits across three stages, including 1D-Myo-Inositol-1,4-Bisphosphate, D-Fructose, L-(+)-Arabinose, I-Inositol, L-Arabinitol, D-Galactose-1-P, lactose, α-D-Glucose, and D-Glucose-6-P. Notably, the contents of D-Glucose-6-P, D-Galactose-1-P, and D-Fructose were increased as the fruit developed. Additionally, fresh weight, longitudinal length, and radial width were increased, while the contents of AsA and DHA were decreased. GalDH and DHAR are critical enzymes for the accumulation of AsA and DHA, exhibiting positive correlation coefficient. Furthermore, PMM1, PMM5, GME2, and GME3 were identified as key regulatory genes in the L-Galactose pathway of AsA synthesis, influencing D-Galactose-1-P, D-Glucose-6-P, α-D-Glucose, and D-Fructose. DHAR1 and DHAR2 are considered key positive regulator genes of AsA and DHA in the AsA-GSH cycle. However, the majority of genes (nine) act as negative regulators of AsA and DHA. These findings provide a foundation for the understanding of the regulatory mechanism of AsA metabolism in L. chinense fruits and offer insights into the utilization of AsA from L. chinense.
Antiviral Potential of Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Plant Extracts Against Chikungunya and Mayaro Viruses
Authors: Pires Ellen Caroline Feitoza , da Silva Francini Pereira , Schallenberger Karoline , Hermann Bruna Saraiva , Mallmann Larissa , Moura Wellington Souza , Ascêncio Sergio Donizeti , Barbosa Robson dos Santos , Soares Ilsamar Mendes , Fleck Juliane Deise , de Oliveira Eugênio Eduardo , Smagghe Guy , Ribeiro Bergmann Morais , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Souza
Published: October 2024

Chikungunya and Mayaro fevers are viral infectious diseases characterized by fever and arthralgia, for which there are currently no effective vaccines or treatments. The urgent need for novel antiviral agents against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) has led to interest in plant-based compounds that can disrupt the viral replication cycle. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc., a Neotropical plant traditionally used by Yucatec Maya healers as an antipyretic and antirheumatic, may hold potential as a source of antiviral agents. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral potential of C. alba methanolic extracts (CAH21 and CAH24) against CHIKV and MAYV through preliminary in vitro and in silico analyses. The cytotoxicity of two methanolic extracts from C. alba roots was assessed in Vero cells using the neutral red assay, and their viral activity was determined via plaque assay post-treatment. Given the observed antiviral effects, we used computational predictions to explore interactions between the multifunctional nsP2 proteases and secondary metabolites identified in C. alba extracts. The metabolites were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, and phenolic acids in the C. alba extracts. In vitro assays demonstrated that both extracts inhibited over 70% of activity against CHIKV and MAYV at a concentration of 60 µg/mL. In silico predictions suggested that the flavonoids naringin and vitexin had the highest affinity for the nsP2 proteases of CHIKV and MAYV, indicating their potential as viral inhibitors. Our findings revealed that C. alba extract represents a promising source of novel antiviral compounds.
HIV Protein Nef Induces Cardiomyopathy Through Induction of Bcl2 and p21
Authors: Kondrachuck Olena , Ciccone Pierce , Ford Nicole , Hong Kim , Kimura Yuka , Zi Jorgo , Yusuf Sumaya , Alkousa Aya , Tailor Nishit , Rajkumar Rithvik , Rappaport Jay , Gupta Manish K.
Published: October 2024

HIV-associated cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of death in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Although antiretroviral drugs suppress the viral load, they fail to remove the virus entirely. HIV-1 Nef protein is known to play a role in viral virulence and HIV latency. Expression of Nef protein can be detected in different organs, including cardiac tissue. Despite the established role of Nef protein in HIV-1 replication, its impact on organ function inside the human body is not clear. To understand the effect of Nef at the organ level, we created a new Nef-transgenic (Nef-TG) mouse that expresses Nef protein in the heart. Our study found that Nef expression caused inhibition of cardiac function and pathological changes in the heart with increased fibrosis, leading to heart failure and early mortality. Further, we found that cellular autophagy is significantly inhibited in the cardiac tissue of Nef-TG mice. Mechanistically, we found that Nef protein causes the accumulation of Bcl2 and Beclin-1 proteins in the tissue, which may affect the cellular autophagy system. Additionally, we found Nef expression causes upregulation of the cellular senescence marker p21 and senescence-associated β-galactosidase expression. Our findings suggest that the Nef-mediated inhibition of autophagy and induction of senescence markers may promote aging in PLWHA. Our mouse model could help us to understand the effect of Nef protein on organ function during latent HIV infection.
Seeds Priming with Bio-Silver Nanoparticles Protects Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seedlings Against Selected Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Stałanowska Karolina , Railean Viorica , Pomastowski Paweł , Pszczółkowska Agnieszka , Okorski Adam , Lahuta Lesław Bernard
Published: October 2024

Nano-priming is a relatively new seed treatment technique using metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), and such application of NPs may support the plants’ immunity. Recently we have shown that the that biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) used as short-term foliar treatment protect pea seedlings against D. pinodes and F. avenaceum. In the present study, the protection of peas against both fungal pathogens via seed priming with bio-AgNPs was analyzed. Moreover, the changes in the polar metabolic profiles of the seedlings caused by priming and infection were also compared. Seed priming with bio-AgNPs at concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L considerably reduced the symptoms and infection levels of both pathogens by over 70% and 90% for F. avenaceum and D. pinodes, respectively. Pathogens infection and nano-priming affected the metabolic profile of pea seedlings. The major changes in the primary metabolism were observed among carbohydrates and amino acids. In turn, this may result in changes in the expression and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Therefore, further investigation of the effect of nano-priming should focus on the changes in the secondary metabolism.
Dietary Restriction of Advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Detopoulou Paraskevi , Voulgaridou Gavriela , Seva Vasiliki , Kounetakis Odysseas , Desli Ios-Ioanna , Tsoumana Despoina , Dedes Vasilios , Papachristou Evridiki , Papadopoulou Sousana , Panoutsopoulos George
Published: October 2024

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are formed through non-enzymatic reactions between reducing sugars and proteins, nucleic acids or lipids (for example through hyperoxidation). In diabetes, elevated glucose levels provide more substrate for AGEs formation. AGEs can also be ingested through the diet from foods cooked at high temperatures, or containing much sugar. The present work aimed to review all published randomized controlled trials (RCT) on low-dietary AGE (L-dAGEs) interventions in patients with diabetes. Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane databases were searched (until 29 February 2024) with appropriate keywords (inclusion criteria: RCT, patients with diabetes, age > 18 years, outcomes related to inflammation, glucose, and lipids; exclusion criteria: non-RCTs, case-series, case reports and Letter to the Editor, or animal studies). The present review was registered to the Open Science Framework (OSF). From 7091 studies, seven were ultimately included. Bias was assessed with the updated Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A reduction in circulating AGEs was documented in 3/3 studies. No particular differences were documented in glycemic parameters after a L-dAGEs diet. Reductions in glucose levels were observed in one out of six studies (1/6), while HbA1c and HOMA did not change in any study (0/6 and 0/3, correspondingly). Lipid profile also changed in one out of four studies (1/4). More consistent results were observed for oxidative stress (beneficial effects in 3/3 studies) and inflammatory markers (beneficial effects in 4/4 studies). Other athero-protective effects, such as adiponectin increases, were reported. Limitations included the small sample size and the fact that dietary and physical activity habits were not considered in most studies. In conclusion, a L-dAGEs pattern may minimize AGEs accumulation and have beneficial effects on oxidative stress and inflammation indices, while its effects on glycemic and lipemic parameters are inconsistent and modest in patients with diabetes.
Genetic Polymorphisms Associated with Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF) Levels and F-Cell Numbers: A Systematic Review of Genome-Wide Association Studies
Authors: Stephanou Coralea , Menzel Stephan , Philipsen Sjaak , Kountouris Petros
Published: October 2024

Elevated fetal hemoglobin (HbF), which is partly controlled by genetic modifiers, ameliorates disease severity in β hemoglobinopathies. Understanding the genetic basis of this trait holds great promise for personalized therapeutic approaches. PubMed, MedRxiv, and the GWAS Catalog were searched up to May 2024 to identify eligible GWAS studies following PRISMA guidelines. Four independent reviewers screened, extracted, and synthesized data using narrative and descriptive methods. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Q-Genie tool. Pathway enrichment analysis was conducted on gene lists derived from the selected GWAS studies. Out of 113 initially screened studies, 62 underwent full-text review, and 16 met the inclusion criteria for quality assessment and data synthesis. A total of 939 significant SNP-trait associations (p-value < 1 × 10−5) were identified, mapping to 133 genes (23 with overlapping variant positions) and 103 intergenic sequences. Most SNP-trait associations converged around BCL11A (chr.2), HBS1L-MYB, (chr.6), olfactory receptor and beta globin (HBB) gene clusters (chr.11), with less frequent loci including FHIT (chr.3), ALDH8A1, BACH2, RPS6KA2, SGK1 (chr.6), JAZF1 (chr.7), MMP26 (chr.11), COCH (chr.14), ABCC1 (chr.16), CTC1, PFAS (chr.17), GCDH, KLF1, NFIX, and ZBTB7A (chr.19). Pathway analysis highlighted Gene Ontology (GO) terms and pathways related to olfaction, hemoglobin and haptoglobin binding, and oxygen carrier activity. This systematic review confirms established genetic modifiers of HbF level, while highlighting less frequently associated loci as promising areas for further research. Expanding research across ethnic populations is essential for advancing personalized therapies and enhancing outcomes for individuals with sickle cell disease or β-thalassemia.
Unveiling the Impact of Moderate and Severe Atopic Dermatitis: Insights on Burden, Clinical Characteristics, and Healthcare Resource Utilization in Adult Greek Patients from the APOLO Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Stratigos Alexander J. , Chasapi Vasiliki , Katoulis Alexander , Vakirlis Efstratios , Psarros Fotios , Georgiou Sophia , Vourdas Dimitrios , Makris Michael , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Gregoriou Stamatios , Skiadas Ioannis , Nakou Magda , Koulias Christopher ,   APOLO Study Group
Published: October 2024

Background: Moderate to severe (M2S) atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic condition impacting individuals, society, and healthcare systems. Considering the changing M2S-AD treatment landscape, this study assesses the M2S-AD burden in patients reaching referral centers in Greece. Methods: This was a multicenter, cross-sectional study. Patients aged 12 years or older with clinically diagnosed M2S-AD were enrolled. Data collected included clinical practice assessments and the following validated patient-reported instruments: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI); EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Level scale (EQ-5D-3L); Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM); Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS); and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment: General Health (WPAI:GH). A pain frequency/intensity/cause questionnaire and a sleep disturbance scale were also used. Results: Outcomes of 184 adults (51.1% female) with M2S-AD based on the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) are presented (n = 117 moderate; n = 67 severe). Among the patients, 14.8% were obese, 59.2% had allergic comorbidities, and 88.0% were receiving AD-specific therapy (systemic: 38.6%). The median age, disease duration, body surface area, and total EASI scores were 38.8 years, 11.8 years, 30.0%, and 16.9, respectively. The median DLQI score was 12.0, with ‘symptoms/feelings’ being the most affected domain. EQ-5D dimensions ‘anxiety/depression’ and ‘pain/discomfort’ were also affected (65.2% and 64.1% reporting problems, respectively). The median POEM score was 17.0. Pain, severe pruritus (PP-NRS ≥ 7), and sleep disturbance were reported by 80.4%, 62.0%, and 88.5%, respectively. The median WPAI:GH ‘work productivity loss’ and ‘activity impairment’ scores were 23.8% and 30.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Both moderate and severe AD patients reaching Greek specialized centers experience significant symptom burden and impairments in quality of life, sleep, work, and daily activities.
Missing Medical Data in Neurological Emergency Care Compromise Patient Safety and Healthcare Resources
Authors: Krey Lea , Rabea Ziad , Krause Olaf , Greten Stephan , Heck Johannes , Boeck Anna-Lena , Petri Susanne , Wegner Florian , Klietz Martin
Published: October 2024

Background: Acute care of patients in the emergency department (ED) can be very challenging when patients attend EDs without their important medical information. This is especially problematic for multimorbid patients under polypharmacy. The aim of this study was to assess systematically the frequency and clinical relevance of incomplete medical data upon ED admission. Methods: The study was conducted in the neurological ED of a German tertiary hospital. The availability and accuracy of medical data of all neurological patients in the ED were assessed upon arrival. Treating ED physicians were asked about the acute care of the patients to clarify whether missing data resulted in delays or complications in the emergency treatment. Additionally, doctors responsible for the inpatient care of patients who were admitted to a ward via the ED were questioned about the course of the inpatient stay to monitor how initially missing data might have influenced the hospital stay. Results: Medical data of 27% of the 272 included patients were missing or incomplete upon admission in the ED. The ED physicians had to make additional phone calls to gather information in 57% of these cases (vs. 22% in patients with complete data, p < 0.0001). Delays between 5 and 240 min were documented due to initially missing data. Unnecessary diagnostic procedures (e.g., lumbar puncture) were performed in 5% of these patients, thus compromising patient safety. Even the inpatient stay was complicated by initially missing data, as doctors still had to spend time (between 10 and 180 min) to gain relevant information. Retrospectively, 5% of hospitalizations could have been avoided if all medical information had been available upon ED admission. Conclusions: Missing medical data caused complications and delays in acute as well as inpatient care of patients admitted to the neurological ED. This compromised patient safety and led to a waste of medical resources and valuable time of the responsible medical team. Therefore, a comprehensive, digital data management system is urgently needed to improve patient safety and facilitate efficient patient care in the ED and beyond.
The Role of Screening for Venous Thromboembolism in Pelvic Trauma Patients: A Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Authors: Doroszewski Grzegorz , Kurzyna Marcin , Caban Adam
Published: October 2024

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a severe complication following pelvic trauma. Thromboprophylaxis has reduced the risk of VTE in the pelvic trauma population; nevertheless, the risk remains high. A substantial pulmonary embolism has emerged as the unexpected cause of death among patients presenting with ‘minor pelvic fractures’. The purpose of this study was to analyse the single-centre experience with a surveillance protocol. We hypothesised that DVT surveillance with VUS and CTPA may reduce the perioperative mortality–morbidity rate in the subpopulation of patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures. Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted with pelvic or acetabular fractures between January 2001 and December 2021. In April 2013, a screening protocol for VTE was introduced. This protocol included venous ultrasound and CTPA for patients with chest injuries. Patients from two groups—one screened for VTE and one without screening—were compared. Results: Of the 3186 patients with pelvic and/or acetabular fractures who were admitted, 1975 were not screened for VTE and 1211 underwent screening. There were more VTE cases in the screening group (5.62% vs. 0.86%, p < 0.001). Nine (0.46%) cases of sudden death occurred in the non-screening group, and all of them died with symptoms of acute PE. Since the screening was introduced, we have not encountered any deaths in the perioperative period (0.46 vs. 0, p = 0.02). Conclusions: The combined use of VUS and CTPA in chest-injured patients is a trustworthy means of screening for VTE, resulting in decreased mortality rates for those with pelvic and acetabular fractures by accurately diagnosing VTE during the perioperative phase.
Time Interval Between Right Ventricular Early Diastolic Velocity by Tissue and Pulse Wave Doppler: An Index of Right Atrial Pressure in Pulmonary Hypertension Patients
Authors: Colombo Costanza Natalia Julia , Corradi Francesco , Dammassa Valentino , Colombo Davide , Fasolino Alessandro , Acquaro Mauro , Price Susanna , Ghio Stefano , Tavazzi Guido
Published: October 2024

Background: A reversal of time difference between the onset of early diastolic velocity (e’) during tissue Doppler imaging and the onset of mitral inflow (E) has been observed in cases of elevated left atrial pressure. Whether this interval (Te’-E) may be useful to assess right atrial pressure has never been investigated, neither in healthy subjects nor in pulmonary hypertension patients. Methods: Right ventricular Te’-E was assessed in patients with pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension and compared with healthy volunteers who underwent comprehensive echocardiography examination. Te’-E is the difference between the interval from R wave at the superimposed electrocardiogram to the e’ wave during right ventricular tissue Doppler imaging and the interval from the R wave to transtricuspid E wave during pulsed wave Doppler imaging. Right atrial pressure was invasively measured in pulmonary hypertension patients. Results: Fifty-six patients were enrolled. Te’-E was prolonged in pulmonary hypertension subjects compared with healthy subjects (p < 0.001). Amongst the pulmonary hypertension patients, strong correlations were found between Te’-E and right atrial pressure (r = −0.885, p < 0.001), systolic pulmonary pressure (r = −0.85, p < 0.001) and the duration of tricuspid regurgitation (r = 0.72, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of Te’-E in identifying right atrial pressure higher than 15 mm of mercury was 0.992 (sensitivity 100%, specificity 83%). Conclusions: In contrast to the left ventricle, there is a delay in the proto-diastolic filling in pulmonary hypertension patients, which correlates with the increase in systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, tricuspid regurgitation duration and restrictive diastolic pattern.
Multimorbidity and Multiple Disabilities: Present Status and the Roles of Rehabilitation
Authors: Kohzuki Masahiro
Published: October 2024

The world is aging, and an increasing number of countries are becoming aged or super-aged societies. Japan has already become the world’s first super-aged society, with an aging rate of 29.1% of the entire population of the country. As of 15 September 2021, there were approximately 36.40 million people aged 65 years and over. The advent of the super-aged society has increased the possibility of multimorbidity and multiple disabilities (MMDs) in the elderly population. According to a survey by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the percentage of people with multiple disabilities of all people with physical disabilities has fluctuated between 4.0 and 7.0%, but rapidly increased to 8.9% in 2006 and 17.7% in 2016. This review aimed to establish the present status of MMDs and the rehabilitation for MMDs. In rehabilitation settings, patients with MMDs are more common than patients with a single disease or disability; however, evidence on MMD rehabilitation is insufficient. Inexperienced and unconfident medical professionals are overly cautious in providing rehabilitation; therefore, adequate rehabilitation is not provided. Furthermore, to respond to the rehabilitation needs of patients with MMDs, human resources need to be cultivated, and a scientific basis needs to be built. It is expected that MMD guidelines will soon be developed based on various case studies and surveys. In MMD rehabilitation, it is important to provide “wider, earlier, more intimate, and more connected rehabilitation”; for this, the training and cooperation of rehabilitation medical professionals is necessary.
Environmental DNA Metabarcoding of Cephalopod Diversity in the Tyrrhenian Deep Sea
Authors: La Torre Martina , Cussigh Alex , Crobe Valentina , Spiga Martina , Ferrari Alice , Cariani Alessia , Piattoni Federica , Costantini Federica , Franzellitti Silvia , Pallavicini Alberto , Stanković David , Stefanni Sergio
Published: October 2024

The deep sea, the largest biome on Earth, is the least explored and understood. This lack of knowledge hampers our ability to understand and protect this important environment. In this study, water and sediment samples were collected at different depths in the central Mediterranean (224–780 m), specifically, within the Dohrn Canyon and the Palinuro Seamount, to investigate the diversity of cephalopods and establish a baseline knowledge of their distribution in these sites to preserve their habitats and estimate the impacts of human-driven environmental changes. Key taxa identified included Heteroteuthis sp., Loligo sp., and Histioteuthis sp., which were the most abundant across all sampling stations. A low overlap in species detection was observed between water and sediment samples, confirming previous findings that the typology of environmental matrices used in eDNA metabarcoding has a significant impact on the organisms detected and, therefore, the integrated use of different matrices to better represent local biodiversity is recommended. Furthermore, this study highlights the limitations posed by gaps in reference databases, particularly for deep-sea organisms, and addresses these by emphasising the need for improved multi-marker approaches and expanded reference databases to enhance the accuracy of eDNA-based biodiversity assessment.
Challenges and Security Risks in the Red Sea: Impact of Houthi Attacks on Maritime Traffic
Authors: Rodriguez-Diaz Emilio , Alcaide J. I. , Garcia-Llave R.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the significant impact of Houthi insurgent activities on maritime traffic within the strategic Red Sea and Suez Canal routes, essential conduits for global trade. It explores the correlation between regional instability, exemplified by Houthi actions from 19 November 2023 to 5 February 2024, and changes in maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency. This study seeks to answer a critical question in transport geography: how does regional instability, exemplified by Houthi insurgent activities, affect the maritime traffic patterns and operational efficiency of the Red Sea and Suez Canal? Using descriptive statistics, qualitative analysis, and geospatial methods, this research highlights recent trends in maritime traffic and incidents, revealing spatial and geopolitical challenges in this crucial trade route. The findings indicate a notable decline in maritime activity in the Gulf of Aden and Suez Canal due to security concerns from Houthi attacks, prompting a significant shift to alternative routes, particularly around the Cape of Good Hope. This shift underscores the broader implications of regional instability on global trade and the importance of maintaining an uninterrupted maritime flow. This study also emphasizes the economic ramifications, such as increased operational costs and freight rates due to longer transit times and enhanced security measures. This research concludes with a call for improved maritime security protocols and international cooperation to protect these strategic maritime pathways. It contributes to the discourse on transport geography by quantifying the direct impacts of regional conflicts on maritime logistics and proposing strategies for future resilience, highlighting the interconnected nature of global trade and security and the need for collective action against evolving geopolitical challenges.