bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Passive Third-Order Cascade PLL Filter
Authors: Feng Lin , Wu Chu , Jin Bo , Wu Zhen Yu
Published: June 2011

In this paper, the traditional passive loop filter is improved, and a new type of Cascade Third-order filter structure and Graphical Phase Design method is proposed, which greatly simplifies high-order PLL filter’s design, analysis and calculation. According to graphical phase design principle, parameters for cascade third-order filter could be figured out from the given formula, the derived result is simulated in the form of Bode plots and Unit-step response with Pspice software and the loop target under different parameters is compared. Experiments show that this third-order filter could significantly improve the stability of PLL, deeply attenuate the phase detector’s high-frequency noise and is well adapted to the loop gain change. Users can also change the design parameters flexibly according to the system requirements with this filter.
Affine Reconstruction Based on Parallel Plane and Infinity Point
Authors: Zhao Yue , Hu Xiao Hua
Published: June 2011

Affine reconstruction is to restore the affine shape of the object. Generally, there are two ways of achieving, one is to determine the plane at infinity, another is to determine the plane homography. Using the homography which had determined the plane at infinity achieve affine reconstruction. In this paper, firstly give out the homography of infinity plane and the algorithm of affine reconstruction, then proved: if the scene contains a set of parallel planes and a infinity point, the homography of infinity plane can be obtained and affine reconstruction can be linearly got in the scene. Computer simulation and real experiments show that the linear affine reconstruction algorithm is correct, and the approach has a good precision.
Segmentation and Tracking of Human in Crowded Environments
Authors: Man Jun Feng , Lin Hai Yu , Li Qian Qian , Wen Xiang Bing
Published: June 2011

The occlusion problem in crowded people environment makes human segmentation and tracking more difficult in video surveillance. Thus, a human segmentation method combing human model with body edge curve is presented. Because segmentation may result in serious defect and distortion, robust BP neural network model is adopted as tracking mode. For improving autonomous learning ability of BP network, Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (HDP) is used to decide whether new types of human body characteristic data is generated, which provides decision basis for BP network learning. The simulation experiments confirm that the method presented in this paper can effectively solve the problem of partial human body occlusion. Meanwhile, this method has unique advantage of simplicity and real-time over others.
Research on Pounding Response at Expansion Joint in the Linear Bridge and the Curved Bridge under Earthquake
Authors: Wang Tian Li , Li Qing Ning
Published: June 2011

Aiming at pounding damage at expansion joint in a bridge under earthquake, the paper builds space dynamic models of a curved bridge and a linear bridge with expansion joint. Using nonlinear time history analysis, the paper contrasts the difference of pounding response at expansion joint in the linear bridge and the curved bridge and gives their simulation result under eight types of seismic input. The result indicates that the pounding response at expansion joint of curved bridge is larger and more obvious than that of linear bridge, especially at abutment expansion joint.
Numerical Study of the Characteristics of Wave-Wave Interactions in Multiphase Wave Field Near Coastal Area
Authors: Shih Ruey Syan
Published: June 2011

Numerical investigations of multiphase irregular wave field are presented by using the BEM, which incorporates the interaction between incoming wave and reflected wave in the coastal area. This study discusses the case of multi-component wave generation using the 2D-NWT, which incorporates the wave-wave interactions between various conditions of incoming waves and high frequency reflected waves, including the variation of wave field and particle trajectory. The surf beats in the surf zone is mainly the cause of the cross-shore motion, and the generations of high frequency harmonics waves, these phenomena will be study accordingly in this preliminary study for the modeling of oscillations cause by surf beat and back swash, the generation of high frequency multi-phase reflected wave are carried out to investigate the deformation of wave profile, wave field and particle path-line.
Influence of Earthquake Attack Angle on Seismic Demands for Structures under Bi-Directional Ground Motions
Authors: Zhang Yu , Li Quan Wang , Fan Jian Sheng
Published: June 2011

The earthquake may attack the structural building from any angle, but in current seismic design codes, this type of uncertainty is seldom accounted. The uncertainty associated with the direction of earthquake excitation was considered in this paper, and its effect on structural responses was investigated. For this purpose, a simple 3-dimensional model with symmetric plan was established, which had fundamental periods ranged from 0.1s to 5.0s, and was subjected to a set of 30 ground motion pairs for which both linear and nonlinear time history analyses were performed. Analyzing results showed that, on average, the elastic roof acceleration is 32% underestimated, and the inelastic roof displacement is 18% underestimated if the variation of earthquake excitation direction is not consider. Recognizing this, a modification factor for the seismic demand was proposed thorough a statistical analysis, which guarantees a probability of 95% design safety
Dynamic Characteristics of Base-Isolated Steel Frame under Seismic Ground Motion
Authors: Saeed Masoomi Mohammad , Osman Siti Aminah , Jahanshahi Ali
Published: June 2011

This paper presents the performance of base-isolated steel structures under the seismic load. The main goals of this study are to evaluate the effectiveness of base isolation systems for steel structures against earthquake loads; to verify the modal analysis of steel frame compared with the hand calculation results; and development of a simulating method for base-isolated structure’s responses. Two models were considered in this study, one a steel structure with base-isolated and the other without base-isolated system. The nonlinear time-history analysis of both structures under El Centro 1940 seismic ground motion was used based on finite element method through SAP2000. The mentioned frames were analyzed by Eigenvalue method for linear analysis and Ritz-vector method for nonlinear analysis. Simulation results were presented as time-acceleration graphs for each story, period and frequency of both structures for the first three modes.
Prediction of Target Displacement of Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kameli Iman , Miri Mahmoud , Raji Ali
Published: June 2011

In this paper, the application of artificial neural network (ANN) in predicting seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) frames with masonry infilled walls is investigated. The objective of this research is to predict roof displacement and base shear (ANN outputs) in the target displacement. The total of 855 database were prepared for modeling neural network using finite element method (FEM) by changing six parameters (the input parameters of ANN) including the number of bays, the number of stories, thickness of masonry infill, infilled wall ratio, existence of soft story and design spectral acceleration. A training set of 513 prepared database were used as training data and the validation set of 342 database were used as validation data in the next step. In the present study, two ANNs were trained; a multilayer perseptron (MLP) with Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) back propagation algorithms and a Radial Basis function (RBF), both with different structures and the best structure for each of them was obtained. The performance of ANNs was evaluated using mean square error (MSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) criteria. Results indicate that using both MLP and RBF ANNs for predicting target displacement have been appropriate and have low error as well as high speed. Furthermore, RBF network has a higher speed in training process of data compared to MLP network.
Analysis on the Moment-Curvature Relationship for Prestressed UHPFRC Beams without Stirrup
Authors: Han Sang Mook , Guo Qing Yong
Published: June 2011

To simplify the analysis, an elastic perfectly plastic stress-strain law was presented for UHPFRC. The post-cracking behavior was described by the average constant post-crack tensile strength. A strain parameter μ is proposed to evaluate the performance and efficiency of steel fibre reinforcement. 8 rectangular beams were tested in this investigation. Based on the proposed constitutive model, the full history of their flexural moment-curvature relationship for UHPFRC beams was calculated and compared with experimental data on prestressed UHPFRC beams. Good agreement between calculated strengths and experimental data was obtained.
Effect of Parameters on Equivalent Number of Cycles Using ‎Nonlinear Seismic Site Response Analysis
Authors: Gheibi Emad , Bagheripour Mohammad Hosein
Published: June 2011

The concept of equivalent number of uniform stress cycles, is essential for assessment of soil liquefaction potential. In this regard, various procedures are used to convert random acceleration time history to uniform cycles having amplitude of 0.65 of peak acceleration. Equivalent number of cycles (Neq) defines equivalent energy generated by harmonic loading as that imposed by irregular motion during an earthquake. Neq is assumed to be a function of earthquake magnitude. Over the past years, in accordance with development in methods of soil liquefaction evaluation, various methods have been proposed to determinate equivalent number of cycles. In particular, parameters like site to source distance (r), have been related directly to Neq. In this study, more than 80 earthquake records have been investigated and their Neqs are assessed using energy approach and nonlinear site response analysis. It is shown that equivalent number of cycles is related to earthquake magnitude (M), r and depth of originated signals. Unlike previous methods which result in scatter in output data, current approach has led to more uniform and consistent results for each earthquake.
Study of Seismic Collapse Damage Based on Structural System Method
Authors: Yue Li , Zhao Shi Chun
Published: June 2011

Through analysis of seismic collapse damages of buildings during Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes, structural system method is proposed to expound the relationship between structural system and energy and to analyze their applications in the study of seismic collapse.
Study on Reconstruction Program of Cereals Infrastructure after the Wenchuan Earthquake - with the City of Mianyang for Example
Authors: Chen Gui Xiang , Xiao Zhao Ran , Shan Ming
Published: June 2011

This article investigated the damage conditions of cereals infrastructures in city of Mianyang, Sichuan province, after the ‘5.12’ Wenchuan Earthquake. The guidelines of restoration and reconstruction program with cereals infrastructure were brought forward in this paper. Based on the analysis of local cereals production and consumption, as well as the prediction of social development in the future, this article proposed respectively the restoration and reconstruction projects those should be planned. Economic benefit and social benefit to be brought by these projects were also analyzed. This paper will provide some references to the recovery of other cities those also destroyed in the earthquake.
Seismic Behaviour Experimental Study of the D-Type Energy Dissipating Eccentrically Brace
Authors: Pan Xiu Zhen , Hao Ji Ping , Gao Jie
Published: June 2011

Because the repairing work of beam and floor after earthquake were great, and the cost were higher, the generalize application of eccentrically braced steel frame were limited. A new braced steel frame system was suggested, which was energy dissipating eccentrically brace. The experimental data of new and conventional D-type eccentrically braced steel frame system were achieved by two specimens under cyclic loading. Results indicated that the new system could put off yielding, reduce earthquake input energy and breakage of the link, reduce repairing load after earthquake, and have preferable ductility and enough lateral stiffness. The new braced steel frame system which had gained patent of invention in Chinese was practical and costly that it could be applied in present project.
Experimental Study on Direct Performance-Based Behaviour of High-Performance Concrete Shear Walls
Authors: Liang Xing Wen , Kou Jia Liang , Deng Ming Ke
Published: June 2011

Based on the experimental results of 5 high-performance concrete shear walls, the failure mode, failure mechanism and deformation capacity of shear walls are studied. The new reinforcement method of several bar rings like a chain along boundary element in plastic hinge zone is verified to improve the deformation capacity of shear walls effectively, it indicates that the rotation of plastic hinge zone is related to the damage level of shear walls well. According to the damage level, the storey drift ratio and the rotation of plastic hinge zone are both used as the performance controlling indicators of shear wall structures.
Experimental Investigation on Seismic Behaviors of High-Performance Concrete Shear Walls of Rectangular Section
Authors: Liang Xing Wen , Kou Jia Liang , Deng Ming Ke
Published: June 2011

The paper explores the failure mode, failure mechanism and deformation capacity of medium-high and low-rise shear walls. The experimental results from load-tests of 5 high-performance concrete shear walls with 1.5 and 1.0 shear span ratio indicate that the shear walls deformation capacity benefits from several bar rings like a chain along boundary element in plastic hinge zone, showing that shear wall deformation capacity design is reliable to a certain extent, in that the plastic hinge zone often influences the damage level of shear walls. With the damage at different stages, the paper divides the performance of shear wall structure into three kinds: serviceability, life-safety and collapse-prevention. Accordingly, it is proposed that the performance controlling indicators for shear wall structures is composed of storey drift ratio and the rotation of plastic hinge zone, and also provides consult values for each performance level.
Experimental Study of Uniaxial Tensile of High Performance Ductile Engineered Cementitious Composites
Authors: Kou Jia Liang , Deng Ming Ke , Liang Xing Wen
Published: June 2011

The tensile properties of high performance ductile engineered cementitious composites are tested through 60 specimens divided into 5 groups according to adding 5 various PVA fibres, the tensile strength, tensile elasticity modulus and the tensile pseudostrain-hardening stress-strain curves are obtained, the corresponding matrices are also tested for tension, the tensile strength relationships between different PVA fibres, and between tensile elasticity modulus and tensile strength are proposed according to the test results. In addition, multicracking can be see, and the ultimate tensile strain of partial high performance ductile engineered cementitious composites with filling different PVA fibres can reach to 3% which is 1000 times of the plain concrete. The influences of matrix and the different PVA fibres on ultimate tensile strain, peak stress and peak strain are analyzed by experimental data. At last, the tensile pseudostrain-hardening stress-strain curves are discussed, the experimental conclusions can provide a lot of experimental and theoretical bases for making the composites hold the high ductility consumption ability.
Five-Element Connection Number Method for Seismic Damage Evaluation on RC Structure
Authors: Li Fan Xiu
Published: June 2011

In view of the problem that seismic damage evaluation for reinforced concrete structure are difficult to quantify, a new model for seismic damage evaluation was established by five-element connection number based on set pair analysis in the paper, which took internal damage index, maximum inter-storey drift, number of inelastic cycles and energy-concentrated quotient as evaluation factors. All indexes can be summarized into five-element connection number. Four different types of structure are analyzed on the model with more satisfactory results. Compared with the matter-element analysis evaluation method, this model is perfect, the evaluating result is more reasonable and its resolving power is higher. By this practical example, the model proved to be effective in seismic damage evaluation on reinforced concrete structure.
Seismic Performance Analysis of Buried Pipeline
Authors: He Shuang Hua , Li Zhi Peng , Zhang Xin Zhong
Published: June 2011

Taking the breakage of the conduit joints caused by seismic wave propagation as main failure mode, seismic performance analysis of the pipeline was performed with wave theory method by considering pipe’s axial deformation. Influencing factors of pipe’s deformation such as seismic wave’s incident angle, shear wave velocity, pipeline’s diameter and wall thickness were deeply discussed. Two different methods for calculating axial deformation transfer coefficient were presented to check pipeline’s seismic deformation.
The Seismic Experiment of Steel Frame with GRC Lath
Authors: Lu Lin Feng , Zhang Tao , Fang Wen Qi
Published: June 2011

Two 1:4 scale wall specimen was tested under cyclic load to determine its seismic behavior, the responses of the steel frame with GRC lath are studied such as the failure modes, hysteretic behavior, ductility, energy dissipation, and the experimental results were compared with the steel frame. The testing data analysis indicated that bearing capacity, lateral stiffness, ductility and energy dissipation of the steel frame with GRC light hollow lath are superior to the steel moment frame, the steel frame with GRC lath is an ideal lateral resistant system. The prolapse of GRC lath from the frame did not appear, so the steel frame with GRC lath could be better used in the earthquake zone. Due to the collapse of connection of lath with frame, the ductility coefficient of the system is generally between 2 and 3, it is less than requirement of the seismic design specifications, and therefore a suggestion is that the seismic design of steel frame with GRC lath can be according to non-filled wall frame structure.
Research on Aseismatic Reinforcement of a Frame Structure Energy Dissipation and Shock Absorption
Authors: Ji Hui , Zhao Hong Sheng
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a seismic reinforcement approach to a frame structure, which was added from four-storey to six-storey, and is located at degree-8 earthquake intensity zone and type-II site, by using the Friction Damper. Firstly, the dynamic performance of the original structure had been tested and the performance parameters had been gotten, which were used to build up the F.E. model and to check its accuracy. Secondly, the structure simulation analysis was conducted by using the constructed F.E. model. Finally, the seismic strengthening of the frame structure being added to six-story was analyzed and calculated by using Friction Damper. This has effectively improved the structure seismic performance and the seismic performance of the reinforced structure meets well with the seismic code requirements. This approach will be helpful for the structural design engineers and the researchers.
Study on Shear Strength of SRC Beam-Column Connections
Authors: Jia Jin Qing , Zhu Wei Qing , Meng Gang , Yao Da Li
Published: June 2011

This paper proposes a new model to predict the horizontal shear strength of SRC, especially SRHC/SRUHC, beam-column connections on the basics of previous models developed for RC and RCS connections. The model divides the contributions to shear strength of a connection into three parts, the contribution of steel web, inner strut and outer strut. The predicted values coincide with experiment results very well, which proves that the model is suitable for SRC connections. It is found that the inner strut plays a dominant role in the strength mechanisms in SRC joints, so adequate web stiffeners in joints should be provided. It is the stirrups in a joint, rather than concrete strut, that usually determine how much contribution the outer strut mechanism provides to the joint.
Optimized Fuzzy Logic Controller for Semi-Active Control of Buildings Using Particle Swarm Optimization
Authors: Ostadali Makhmalbaf Mohammadreza , Amin Tutunchian Mohammad , Zabihi Samani Masoud
Published: June 2011

Control devices can be used in structures to attenuate undesirable vibration on engineering structures. In order to mitigate the response of structures during the earthquakes and high intensity winds semi active control has been widely used. Semi-active control need less energy in compare with active control. So they are more reliable and more effective in mitigating the effects of earthquakes. MR damper are semi active control devices that are managed by sending external voltage supply. The inducing current monitoring of MR dampers are intelligently managed by fuzzy logic control (FLC). Validation of fuzzy logic controller that is optimized by a particle swarm optimization(PSO) is pursued in this study. Finally, optimal fuzzy logic controller is identified and validated through numerical simulation for seismic excitation. In 3-storey benchmark building, results showed that optimized fuzzy logic controller was robust and effective in reduction of both displacement and acceleration responses.
Research on Post-Fire Bearing Capacity of Ceramsite Concrete Filled Steel Tubular Short Columns
Authors: Wang Xin Tang , Zhou Ming , Yin Jie , Ji Yao
Published: June 2011

Mechanical behavior and bearing capacity of ceramsite concrete filled steel tubular short column (noted as CCSSC) subjected to fire load are experimentally investigated. Effect of the parameters, such as the maximum value of fire temperatures, fire duration on the strength and ductility of the two types of specimens were especially discussed. The experimental results show that all the specimens of CCSSC have higher post-fire bearing capacity and better ductility, and there was no descent segment in load-displacement curves of the most specimens after the fire load was subjected. It was concluded that the maximum response temperature of specimens and fire duration time has great effect on the axial bearing capacity of concrete-filled steel tubular short columns subjected to fire, and the concrete mix proportion has some effect on both of bearing capacity and ductility of CCSSC subjected to fire load.
An Analytic Solution for the Diffraction of Plane P Waves by a Cylindrical Inclusion in Half Space
Authors: Li Da Guang , Gao Xue Ping , Ying Zhang
Published: June 2011

This paper presents an analytic solution for the diffraction of plane P waves by a cylindrical inclusion in half space by Fourier-Bessel wave function expansion method, in which the flat surface of half space is approximated by a large curved surface. The equation can be constructed by the continue boundary and the free surface condition. Based on parametric analysis, the impact of the inclusion on surface displacement amplitude is discussed. It is illustrated that there is large difference of the diffraction characteristics between the hard inclusion and soft inclusion. The displacement response depends strongly on the incident angle and frequency. The diffraction effect can be ignored with large embedded depth of the inclusion.
Analysis of Vertical Isolation and Earthquake Prevention on Isolation Structure
Authors: Zhao Nan , Ma Kai , Geng Hai Xia , Li Ting
Published: June 2011

According to Fast Fourier Transform we can work out main frequency of vertical vibration wave. Combining natural frequency of vibration of the structure we evaluate whether isolation layer have effect. Combine with a multi-tower with a large base structure located above subway, We use time history method and consider different vertical tensile-compressive stiffness of rubber bearing, Storey acceleration response of the structure under vertical earthquake and subway vibration was calculated. The result shows that it have no effect that isolation layer with regard to vertical earthquake, but have obvious effect to reduce subway vibration, At the same time, storey acceleration response is reduced markedly, comfort level can be increased greatly.
Elastic-Plastic Analysis on Damaged Multi-Tower Isolation Structure with an Enlarged Base
Authors: Zhao Nan , Geng Hai Xia , Ma Kai , Li Kang Ning
Published: June 2011

The analysis on earthquake response of one multi-tower isolation structure with an enlarged base in rare earthquake and aftershocks was carried out using elastic time history analysis method. It includes the damping effect of structure, plastic deformation of members and plastic hinges distribution in structure. The results show that isolation structure comes to plastic state under rare earthquake lighter, vertical elements remain flexible under earthquake aftershocks, the plastic hinges on horizontal members are deepen, but the structure can meet the requirement while it is renovated. Plastic hinges first appear in the bottom of structure, then they gradually develop upwards, Plastic hinges are generated at the ends of beams, but not occur in columns and walls. The displacement of structure under rare earthquake is mainly concentrated on isolation layer and it can take energy consumption by large displacement.
A Direct Displacement-Based Design Method Based on Chinese Code of Base Isolated Structures
Authors: Sun Zhen , Liu Wei Qing , Wang Shu Guang , Zhou Ding , Du Dong Sheng
Published: June 2011

A simple and efficient direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method is introduced to base isolated (BI) structures. Assuming the vibration mode of superstructure to be the shear type and considering the BI structure to be an equivalent single degree of freedom (ESDOF) system with spring and damper at the seismic isolation layer. The acceleration response spectrum in Chinese code is converted to displacement response spectrum. Corresponding to the design displacement, the equivalent period is obtained. The relationship of the deign displacement, equivalent period, equivalent stiffness and base shear of the system can be derived from the given formulations. Then, the distribution of the base shear along the floors is obtained. This method has been applied to the design of a 12-story BI structure with lead rubber bearings in high intensity zone in Suqian city, Jiangsu province. The results show that the method is feasible for the design of BI structures.
Vibration Mitigation Effect of a Friction Damper with Variable Resistances on the Steel Frame Structure
Authors: Zhang Peng Bo , Sun Yu Ping , Zhao Shi Chun
Published: June 2011

Analytical study was conducted to investigate effect of friction dampers on vibration control of steel frame structures. The friction dampers installed in a ten-storey sample frame structure have two levels of fictional resistances. Unlike the conventional friction damper which has one frictional resistance, the friction dampers with variable resistances (VRFD) can apply two levels of frictional resistances, the lower resistance of which is attended to absorb the seismic energy by a moderate earthquake or a strong wind, and the higher one of which is expected to dissipate the seismic energy induced by a severe earthquake. The time-historey analytical results of the sample frame have indicated that the VRFD could not only mitigate the seismic response of the frame structure under a moderate earthquake more effectively than the conventional frictional damper, but also provide the same level of damping effect to the structure under severe earthquake as the conventional one.
Analysis of Cantilever Column under the Isolation Device Considering Additional Moment
Authors: Zhang Hua Ying , Li Hui , Zhang Xin , Pan Rui Song
Published: June 2011

In the isolation system, the design of vertical bearing member under the isolation devices needs higher safety reliability than the upper structure because of the importance of it. A method of considering second-order moment caused by superstructure horizontal shift is put forward, so that to analysis the stress and strain in the FEM of cantilever column. Analysis result of the FEM lead to the following conclusions that this method can effectively balance the decrease of stiffness, which is caused by the shift of superstructure on the isolators.
Ductility of Concrete-Filled Steel Box Columns with Binding Bars Subjected to Axial Compression
Authors: Long Yue Ling , Cai Jian
Published: June 2011

Ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars and those without binding bars were discussed based on the experimental study. Two current methods were used to assess the ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars and those without binding bars. Results show that binding bars can increase ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns. Ductility of concrete-filled steel box columns with binding bars at closer spacing is considerably better than that of concrete-filled steel box columns without binding bars.
Seismic Design of Reasonable Spacing between Anti-Slide Pole Board Wall of High and Steep Slope in High-Intensity Earthquake Region
Authors: Liang Bo , Liu De Gong , Chen Lin Jie , Yu Chao
Published: June 2011

The determination of reasonable pile spacing is one of the key technologies in anti-slide pole board wall design. The previous study on soil arch effect merely consider the action of long duration load instead of short-term load (seismic force). Based on the soil arch effect, this paper take account of side slope grade and the influence of seismic force, and analyze the strained condition of soil arch between piles. Through the controlling conditions by soil arch effect, the paper obtain a reasonable formula for calculating pile spacing.Combining with high intensity earthquake, this paper analyze the relation between pile spacing and landslide thrust behind piles,soil cohesion stress and internal frictional angle. Finally, it takes the anti-slide pole board wall project in Chongqing-Lichuan railway for example to analyze and validate , then come to the point that there is a difference between general design and seismic design of anti-slide pole board wall.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridges
Authors: Li Gang Jin , Zhang Wen Hua
Published: June 2011

As important junction in lifeline transportation system, bridges are the most seismic vulnerable components. Based on the capacity/demand (C/D) analysis of bridge components, a practical method is established for seismic fragility assessment of long-span cable-stayed bridges. Depending on this approach, the seismic vulnerability assessment of the Wangdong Bridge, a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 638m in Anhui Province, is conducted, and the feasibility of the approach is verified.
Seismic Resistance of Unreinforced Brick Masonry Buildings: An Experimental Study
Authors: Ullah Azmat , Shahzada Khan , Khan Akhtar Naeem , Naseer Amjad , Ashraf Mohammad , Shoaib Muhammad
Published: June 2011

This paper presents a study on seismic resistance of typical single and double storey masonry buildings constructed in the southern districts of Pakhthunkhwa, Pakistan. Two types of bricks; wooden and rice husk burnt bricks, have been investigated in combination with mud and cement-sand mortar. Plane and reinforced specimens have been tested in axial compression and diagonal compression. Analysis of the experimental results show that both single and double storey buildings constructed in the study area with mud mortar and mud plaster are seismically vulnerable. However application of the wire mesh on wall surface subsequently plastered increases the strength significantly and make the structure resistant to the earthquake forces.
Earthquake Disaster Mitigation through Retrofitting of Unreinforced Concrete Block Masonry Buildings
Authors: Shoaib Muhammad , Naseer Amjad , Shahzada Khan , Naeem Khan Akhtar , Ashraf M.
Published: June 2011

This paper presents an experimental study on the improvement of unreinforced block masonry buildings against earthquake disasters. Unreinforced concrete block masonry piers have been tested for lateral strength before and after retrofitting. Welded mesh and injection of cement grout techniques have been used for piers retrofitting. The analysis of experimental results demonstrates that proper retrofitting can decrease the risk to concrete block masonry buildings in future scenario earthquakes. Retrofitting increases not only the overall strength of unreinforced masonry piers but also the ductility.
Study on Opposite Folded Plate Anaerobic Reactor in Treatment of Low Concentration Sewage
Authors: Song Tie Hong , Long Tao , Wang Ping
Published: June 2011

With the demands of quantity and quality for water are increasing rapidly and a lot of wastewater treatment processes are difficult to be used abroad. Therefore, how to enhance the efficiency and to reduce consumption is the key to solve these problems. For purpose of enhancing mass transfer in the system, the reactor was modified with the structure characteristic of opposite folded plate. and the system with the characteristic of multi-phase anaerobe of compartments longitudinally down reactor and two-double phase of sludge- biomembrane in every compartment. The results was when the HRT≥6h and the sludge retention time (SRT) was controlled 120 days, the pilot-scale opposite folded plate hybrid anaerobic reactor (OFPHAR) was Two-phase Anaerobic system. The trial results indicated that the optimal HRT was 6h at (25±2) °C, and the corresponding removal rates of COD, TP and TN removal rates were 78.58%, 35.15%, 39.17% respectively.
Experimental Study on Combing Chloramine and Potassium Permanganate to Inactivate Total Coliform Group
Authors: Tian Xiao Yan , Zhang Wei
Published: June 2011

The inactivation efficacy of total coliform group is compared with independent of chloramine, potassium permanganate, and the combination of the two using prepared water samples. The results show that, firstly, the combination effect is slightly better than that of individual chloramine disinfection at the same dosage. According to the Berenbaum formula, when the concentration ratio of chloramine and potassium permanganate is 0.71, there is a synergistic effection on inactivating total coliform group.
On the Influencing Factors of Fugitive Dust Control System Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors: Peng Hao Ming , Tu Guo Min , Zhang Zhong Qiu
Published: June 2011

Constructs the pollution control system of fugitive dust for the first time, identifies the main influencing factors of the system, analyses the influence degree of the factors with AHP, proposes prevention is the main direction of fugitive dust control, and points out the control methods of fugitive dust must pay attention to the factors about human and management.
Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) in Zhuankou Area of Wuhan
Authors: Mi Tie , Yu Xin Ming
Published: June 2011

Wuhan Economic & Technological Development Zone (WEDZ) is situated to Zhuankou area, Wuhan. WEDZ is a national level development zone approved by the State Council of P.R.C. in April 1993. With nearly 20 years development history, WEDZ has grown into an important engine in economic development of Wuhan City. Meanwhile, atmospheric environment quality has become more and more worse, and paid on more and more attention. Great importance is attached to the identification of the sources of ambient particulates. The purpose of this study was to identify and estimate the contribution of major sources to atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) matter in Zhuankou area, Wuhan. In the study, the technique of factor analysis (FA) was employed to identify and quantify the major sources of atmospheric pollutant in Zhuankou area, Wuhan. The results indicate that the major sources of atmospheric pollutant in Zhuankou area are mainly construction and soil fugitive dust, coal-firing and motor vehicle.
Study on Removal of Organic Matter by Enhanced Filtration with Iron-Coated Ceramsite
Authors: Gao Gui Qing , Ju Hai Yan , Ju Zhi Jie
Published: June 2011

Coating of iron-oxide can improve the surface characters of original filter media, and will enhance filtration efficiency, this study assume the high-temperature method to prepare iron-coated ceramsite. Four coating parameters were investigated: pH value, FeCl3 concentration, baking temperature and baking time. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-Ray diffraction were used to observe the surface properties of the coated layer. Using iron-coated ceramsite in enhanced filtration, removal properties of organic matter were studied. The experimental result indicated under the modifying condition of 0.4 pH value, 2mol/L FeCl3, 650°C baking temperature and 3h baking time, the iron-coated ceramsite has the best removal of organic matter. It has bigger specific surface area. The removal efficiency was increased with the increment of the influent concentration of organic matter and the decrease of velocity. When the pH value was slightly acid, the effect on organic matter removing was best.
Pilot-Scale Study on Treatment of High-Algae and Low-Turbidity Source Water by Air Flotation in South China
Authors: Gao Gui Qing , Ju Hai Yan , Li Du Wang
Published: June 2011

The pilot-scale experiment of air flotation was carried out for reservoir water treatment of Shenzhen in order to provide reference for waterplant. The results show the turbidity of raw water is higher or lower than 15NTU, the optimum dosage of poly aluminum chloride (PAC) is 1.65mg/L and 1.25mg/L respectively. When the turbidity of raw water is between 3NTU and 32NTU, the amount of algae is less than 1.08×107unit/L, the removal rate of air flotation for turbidity and algae is 89.3% and 92.7% respectively; besides, the average removal rate of air flotation on CODMn is 32.6%, 21.2% of TOC is removed at least. Air flotation has preferable treatment effect on high–algae and low-turbidity water, adapts to treat micro-polluted water in South China.
Exterior Wall Insulation Technology
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li De Ying
Published: June 2011

Exterior wall insulation technology is an effective way on saving energy. By using this technology, building envelope insulation performance can be improved, energy is saved and wall structure can also be improved which extends the life of building envelope. So it is worthy to further promoting the use of the emerging technology. This article discusses the advantages and types of insulation, and some problems need to be noted when constructing in order to ensure the quality of the wall insulation.
Experiment Research on Phosphorus Recovery in PTMEG Wastewater
Authors: Liu Jing , Ren Qing Kai , Tian Xi , Qu Hong , Zhang Wen Hua , Bian De Jun
Published: June 2011

The experiment on phosphorus recovery in PTMEG wastewater by crystallization was studied. The influences of molar ratio, precipitation time, stirring speed on the amount of crystals and structure characterization have been studied. The results indicated that under molar ratio 1.5:1, stirring speed about 200r/min and precipitation time 2h, PO43- removal ratio above 85%, the morphology of obtained crystals was related to the stirring speed and the X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the crystals had a high purity.
Engineering Example of High Concentration Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Processed by UBF Craft
Authors: Huang Shi Yuan , Huang Qiang , Chen Sheng Bing , Gao Yuan Yuan
Published: June 2011

The multi-methods of UBF-biological contact oxidation - enhanced coagulation- precipitation - fiber sand filtration has been applied to treatment a dyeing and printing wastewater, because it is with the characteristics of large flow, high CODcr, high chromaticity and toxic substances. The result showed: when the feed wate under the conditions of CODcr, BOD5, SS quality concentrations were 15000mg / L, 250mg / L,> 800mg / L and chromaticity blow 1000 times, effluent water quality can meet grade one of the national integrated wastewater discharge standards (GB8978-1996).
Field Plate Load Tests on Dredged Sediment Dump Pond with Cement Solidified Crust Above
Authors: Zhang Chun Lei , Liu Qing Song , Liu Jin Bao
Published: June 2011

In order to improve the bearing capacity of dredged sediment dump pond for succeeding foundation reinforcement construction, upper layer was placed with a layer of cement solidified crust (CSC). For the special double layer foundation, field plate load tests were conducted to study the behaviors of failure mode, deformation and ultimate bearing capacity. Test results show the failure mode of the double layer foundation takes punch failure mode, the settlement around 10-15cm, the failure angle around 33-36 degree, the ultimate bearing capacities have a lineal relationship with the unconfined compressive strength and thickness of CSC, respectively.
Measures on a Building in Beijing for Energy Saving
Authors: Zhou Yu Jie , Sun Jin Dong , Zhang Qing Hua
Published: June 2011

Energy conservation guides and supports people to save energy of existing buildings energy through policy guidance and painstaking ideological work. Through demonstration projects, a set of building energy efficiency market transformation model has been formed. This paper introduces the overview of the building, room function, the air conditioning system, maintenance of the structure as the fundamental basis for energy saving. On this basis, suitable energy-saving proposals and measures for the building are proposed.
Effects of Perforation Pollution Zone on Fracture Initiation
Authors: Wang Su Ling , Li Qing Bin , Sun Zhen Xu , Tian Zheng Wei
Published: June 2011

Fracture initiation is a key factor of hydraulic fracturing, as lack of research on fracture initiation position.The perforation geostress mechanical model of low permeability reservoir is built according to the rock mechanics, seepage mechanics, elastic-plastic mechanics, considering solid-fluid coupling and rock material nonlinearity. Adopting the transient analysis, low-permeability reservoir geostress distribution of different stages is obtained using the finite element, such as drilling - cementing - perforation –fracturing. Determine the fracture initiation position and fracture pressure combining with the rock failure criterion. Calculated on well Ao332-32, the error rate of initiation pressure between test and calculation is 3.5 percent. It is proved that the model is reasonable.
Sewage Treatment of Post-Denitrification Oxic/Anoxic Biological Filter
Authors: Li Wei , Hu Xiao Min , Wei Wei , Sun Tie Heng
Published: June 2011

The paper is intended to investigate the effect of denitrification and COD removal in the post-denitrification biological filter process, adding an external carbon source. Tow carbon sources are dosed, methanol and sewage. The experiment performs in a tow-classes biological filter, oxic zone and anoxic zone, indicate that denitrification rate can be instantaneously increased through the addition of either carbon source. The perfect inputs flow of methanol and sewage are 20 mg/L and 0.2Q (Q is the effluent flow). These results indicate that methanol is better than sewage to denitrification as carbon source and the effluent concentration of COD was low.
Application of Value Engineering to the Ductility Design of RC Frame Columns with High Compression Ratio
Authors: Guo Jun Qing , Fu Zhou Can
Published: June 2011

This paper expatiates the prominent effect of axial compression ratios on the ductility of reinforced concrete frame columns and the limits of the ratios in Code for Seismic Design of Buildings and summarizes the ductility design methods of frame columns with high compression ratios. The principles of value engineering were adopted to analyze the major factors affecting the ductility of reinforced concrete frame columns. The cost of columns with high compression ratios and different types of ties in a real project was calculated and relevant analysis and evaluations were conducted according to Value Coefficient Discriminance. At last the optimum ductility design method for frame columns with high compression ratios was put forth, with which reference can be made in design.
Effect of Environment Factors on Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Phosphate Reduction System
Authors: Yao Chen , Gan Chun Juan , Zhou Jian
Published: June 2011

Effect of environment factors such as initial pH value, dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature on phosphorus removal efficiency of phosphate reduction system was discussed in treating pickled mustard tube wastewater. Results indicate that environment factors have significant influence on dephosphorization efficiency. And, the impact of DO on phosphate reduction is mainly by affecting the distribution of micro-environment inner biofilm, manifest as phosphate removal rate decreased with a fall in DO concentration, while overhigh DO can lead to detachment of biofilm, thus causing the increase of effluent COD concentration, and so DO need to be controlled in the range of 6 mg/L. Moreover, a higher temperature is more beneficial to phosphorus removal by PRB. Unfortunately, exorbitant temperature can result in mass rearing of Leuconostoc characterized with poor flocculability in reactor, and that cause turbidity in effluent appeared as a rise in COD of effluent. Hence, the optimal temperature is found to be about 30°C.
Efficient Star-up of Partial Nitrification Process in Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor with Domestic Wastewater at Room Temperature
Authors: Zeng Tao Tao , Li Dong , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2011

This study focused on star-up of the partial nitriﬁcation in sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) with domestic wastewater at room temperature. No signiﬁcant nitrate formation was observed during the full period of operation and the nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) was successfully outcompeted. When influent ammonium concentration decreased from 200mg/L to 80mg/L, a stable inﬂuent at a ratio of 1.03 NO2-N/NH4-N was produced after 44 continuous cycles（33d）and that indicated partial nitrification achievement. A recommended start-up strategy based on high FA concentration and aeration control was proposed to achieve partial nitrification with low ammonium strength wastewater at room temperature.
Research on Diversified Subjects of Environmental Performance Evaluation for Local Party and Government Leaders
Authors: Zhou Jing Kun
Published: June 2011

This paper is about how diversification of evaluation subjects promotes reform of evaluation means of environmental performances of local Party and government leaders, completes evaluation index system, improves transparency and scientificalness of the evaluation and strengthens democratic supervision to the evaluations; besides, it suggests a series of measures, which are about building independent evaluation committee for environmental performances of Party and government leaders, setting diversified evaluation subjects and weight system in a scientific way, completing legislative work attended by diversified subjects, enhancing trainings for diversified evaluation subjects, cultivating performance management culture participated by diversified evaluation subjects, etc.
Assessment of Water Quality Using Grey Relational Analysis and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Cheng Yong Qian , Ma Hong Mei , Song Qian Wu , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2011

This paper investigates the comprehensive assessment of water quality, which is generally a multi-attribute assessment problem. In this context, the grey relational analysis is adopted to settle the no uniformity problem of water quality attributes. The principal component analysis is applied to calculate the weighting values corresponding to various attributes of water quality so that their relative importance can be properly and objectively described. Results of study reveal that grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis can effectively solve the multi-attribute water quality assessment. The method is universal and can be a useful tool to improve the comprehensive assessment of water quality.