bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis
Authors: Li Yuan , Cui Song , Zhang Zhixin , Zhuang Kezhang , Wang Zhennan , Zhang Qingping
Published: June 2020

A major challenge in maize (Zea mays) production is to achieve high grain yield (yield hereafter) by improving resource use efficiency. Using a dataset synthesized from 83 peer-reviewed articles, this study mainly investigated the effects of water and/or nitrogen (N) input on maize yield, water productivity (WP), and N use efficiency (NUE); and evaluated the effects caused by planting density, environmental (temperature, soil texture), and managerial factors (water and/or N input). The input of water increased maize yield, WP, and NUE only when the input was less than 314, 709, and 311 mm, respectively; input of N increased maize yield, WP, and NUE until input was greater than 250, 128, and 196 kg ha−1, respectively. Additionally, results of the mixed-effects model and random forest analysis suggested that mean annual temperature (MAT) was the most critical factor for narrowing gaps (between the actual and attainable variable, which was indicated as response ratio of the treatment relative to the control) of yield (RRY), WP (RRWP), and NUE (RRNUE), respectively. Specifically, RRY, RRWP, or RRNUE were negatively correlated to MAT when MAT was higher than 15 °C. Additionally, the structural equation model showed that water input and RRWP with the higher coefficient were more important than N input and RRNUE in improving RRY. These findings provide new insights into the causes and limitations of global maize production and offer some guidances for water and/or N managements.
The Prognostic Value of Deficient Mismatch Repair in Stage II–IVa Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in the Era of IMRT
Authors: Chen Fang-ming , Zhang Yun-xiang , Li Xiu-feng , Gao Jian-fang , Ma Hao , Wang Xiao-li , Li Yang , Li Cheng , Zhang Ya-nan , Zhang Ya-ting , Kan Hong-xing , Li Han , Zhang Shi-geng , Hao Fu-rong , Wang Ming-chen
Published: June 2020

In the era of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), it is important to analyse the prognostic value of deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In this study, in pretreatment biopsies of 69 patients with stage II–IVa NPC, the expression levels of MMR proteins, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2, were assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The median follow-up time was 37.5 months (3.1–87.4 months). 50.7% of cases (35/69) showed preserved expression of all 4 MMR proteins, which was interpreted as proficient mismatch repair (pMMR). Only 1.5% of cases (1/69) lost expression of all 4 MMR proteins, 26.1% of cases (18/69) have PMS2 loss alone and 21.7% of cases (15/69) lost expression of both PMS2 and MLH1. Thus, 49.3% of cases (34/69) lost expression of one or more MMR proteins, which was interpreted as dMMR. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in terms of sex, age, clinical stage, T category, N category or therapy regimens between the dMMR and pMMR groups. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that dMMR was an independent significant prognostic factor for distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) (dMMR vs pMMR: P = 0.01, HR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.09~0.75). Therefore, NPC patients with dMMR had significantly superior DMFS compared with patients with pMMR. It can be expected that dMMR will become a new independent prognostic factor for NPC.
Author Correction: CXXC5 as an unmethylated CpG dinucleotide binding protein contributes to estrogen-mediated cellular proliferation
Authors: Ayaz Gamze , Razizadeh Negin , Yaşar Pelin , Kars Gizem , Kahraman Deniz Cansen , Saatci Özge , Şahin Özgür , Çetin-Atalay Rengül , Muyan Mesut
Published: June 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
A Neural Network Approach to Identify the Peritumoral Invasive Areas in Glioblastoma Patients by Using MR Radiomics
Authors: Yan Jiun-Lin , Li Chao , van der Hoorn Anouk , Boonzaier Natalie R. , Matys Tomasz , Price Stephen J.
Published: June 2020

The challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma is the failure to identify the cancer invasive area outside the contrast-enhancing tumour which leads to the high local progression rate. Our study aims to identify its progression from the preoperative MR radiomics. 57 newly diagnosed cerebral glioblastoma patients were included. All patients received 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance surgery and postoperative temozolomide concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Preoperative 3 T MRI data including structure MR, perfusion MR, and DTI were obtained. Voxel-based radiomics features extracted from 37 patients were used in the convolutional neural network to train and as internal validation. Another 20 patients of the cohort were tested blindly as external validation. Our results showed that the peritumoural progression areas had higher signal intensity in FLAIR (p = 0.02), rCBV (p = 0.038), and T1C (p = 0.0004), and lower intensity in ADC (p = 0.029) and DTI-p (p = 0.001) compared to non-progression area. The identification of the peritumoural progression area was done by using a supervised convolutional neural network. There was an overall accuracy of 92.6% in the training set and 78.5% in the validation set. Multimodal MR radiomics can demonstrate distinct characteristics in areas of potential progression on preoperative MRI.
Recent effective population size in Eastern European plain Russians correlates with the key historical events
Authors: Yunusbaev Ural , Ionusbaev Arslan , Han Giyoun , Kwon Hyung Wook
Published: June 2020

Effective population size reflects the history of population growth, contraction, and structuring. When the effect of structuring is negligible, the inferred trajectory of the effective population size can be informative about the key events in the history of a population. We used the IBDNe and DoRIS approaches, which exploit the data on IBD sharing between genomes, to reconstruct the recent effective population size in two population datasets of Russians from Eastern European plain: (1) ethnic Russians sampled from the westernmost part of Russia; (2) ethnic Russians, Bashkirs, and Tatars sampled from the Volga-Ural region. In this way, we examined changes in effective population size among ethnic Russians that reside in their historical area at the West of the plain, and that expanded eastward to come into contact with the indigenous peoples at the East of the plain. We compared the inferred demographic trajectories of each ethnic group to written historical data related to demographic events such as migration, war, colonization, famine, establishment, and collapse of empires. According to IBDNe estimations, 200 generations (~6000 years) ago, the effective size of the ancestral populations of Russians, Bashkirs, and Tatars hovered around 3,000, 30,000, and 8,000 respectively. Then, the ethnic Russians exponentially grew with increasing rates for the last 115 generations and become the largest ethnic group of the plain. Russians do not show any drop in effective population size after the key historical conflicts, including the Mongol invasion. The only exception is a moderate drop in the 17th century, which is well known in Russian history as The Smuta. Our analyses suggest a more eventful recent population history for the two small ethnic groups that came into contact with ethnic Russians in the Volga-Ural region. We found that the effective population size of Bashkirs and Tatars started to decrease during the time of the Mongol invasion. Interestingly, there is an even stronger drop in the effective population size that coincides with the expansion of Russians to the East. Thus, 15–20 generations ago, i.e. in the 16–18th centuries in the trajectories of Bashkirs and Tatars, we observe the bottlenecks of four and twenty thousand, respectively. Our results on the recent effective population size correlate with the key events in the history of populations of the Eastern European plain and have importance for designing biomedical studies in the region.
Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from paddy fields and the yield of rice with different water and nitrogen management practices
Authors: Qi Dongliang , Wu Qixia , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: June 2020

The assessment and control of losses of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from paddy fields is critical to improve the quality of water and atmosphere on earth. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of three N managements (local common N fertilization practice, urea mixed with controlled-release N fertilizer, and optimized and reduced N fertilizer, designated CN, U + CRF and ON, respectively) on N and P losses through runoff and leaching from a paddy field, and yield of rice under shallow-irrigation and deep-sluice (SIDS) and continuous flooding irrigation (FI) in the Jianhan Plain of China in 2016. The results showed that, compared with FI, SIDS significantly reduced the frequency of irrigation and amount of irrigation water, resulting in an increase of 16.2% in rainfall use efficiency, and therefore, a reduction in the amount of surface runoff and water that had leached. This was responsible for the decreased total N (TN) and total P (TP) losses through runoff leaching under SIDS. The U + CRF and ON treatments resulted in a significant reduction in losses of TN through runoff and leaching and the loss of TP through leaching compared to CN. SIDS resulted in comparable or greater soil TN and TP contents in the 0–40 cm soil depths after rice harvest; N and P accumulation at the jointing, filling and maturity stages; and yield of grain compared to FI. Moreover, the U + CRF and ON improved or maintained accumulation of N and P and yield of rice compared to CN. Compared with FI coupled with CN, SIDS coupled with the U + CRF or ON treatments significantly reduced losses of N and P from paddy fields and enhanced or maintained the accumulation of N and P and yield of rice grains. In conclusion, SIDS coupled with the new N management could be an effective approach to reduce losses of N and P from paddy fields and would be a positive improvement for high yield of middle-season rice grains in the Jianhan Plain of central China and other regions with similar environments.
X-ray recharged long afterglow luminescent nanoparticles MgGeO3:Mn2+,Yb3+,Li+ in the first and second biological windows for long-term bioimaging
Authors: Zheng Shenghui , Shi Junpeng , Fu Xiaoyan , Wang Chengcheng , Sun Xia , Chen Changjian , Zhuang Yixi , Zou Xiaoyan , Li Yuechan , Zhang Hongwu
Published: June 2020

Nanosized dual window afterglow particles possess X-ray rechargeable and photo-stimulation properties for long-term bioimaging.
New application of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots: phosphorescent sensor for the rapid screening of chloramphenicol and tetracycline residues
Authors: Liu Zhenping , Hou Jingzhou , He Qiang , Luo Xiaogang , Huo Danqun , Hou Changjun
Published: June 2020

In this work, a new application of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots (Mn-ZnS QDs) was developed to screen chloramphenicol (CAP) and tetracycline (TC) residues simply and rapidly.
Bone-inspired healing of 3D-printed porous ceramics
Authors: Xin An , Yu Kunhao , Zhang Runrun , Ruan Bingyuan , McGaughey Allyson L. , Feng Zhangzhengrong , Lee Kyung Hoon , Chen Yong , Childress Amy E. , Wang Qiming
Published: June 2020

Inspired by bone healing, bacterial precipitation is harnessed to enable on-demand and autonomous healing of 3D-printed ceramics.
A bioinspired metal–organic approach to cross-linked functional 3D nanofibrous hydro- and aero-gels with effective mixture separation of nucleobases by molecular recognition
Authors: Vegas V. G. , Beobide G. , Castillo O. , Reyes E. , Gómez-García C. J. , Zamora F. , Amo-Ochoa P.
Published: June 2020

The direct reaction between Cu(CH3COO)2and uracil-1-acetic acid in water gives rise to the formation of a hydrogel consisting of entangled nanometric ribbons of a 1D Cu(ii) coordination polymer (CP) decorated with biocompatible uracil nucleobases.
Total synthesis of four stereoisomers of methyl 4,8,12-trimethylpentadecanoate, a major component of the sex pheromone of the stink bug Edessa meditabunda
Authors: Szczerbowski Daiane , Schulz Stefan , Zarbin Paulo Henrique Gorgatti
Published: June 2020

A convergent synthetic route was developed for the stereoselective synthesis of four stereoisomers of methyl 4,8,12-trimethylpentadecanoate. The Fouquet-Schlosser variant of the Grignard reaction was used as key steps.
Synthesis of poly(stearyl methacrylate)-poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer nanoparticles via RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate in mineral oil
Authors: György Csilla , Hunter Saul J. , Girou Chloé , Derry Matthew J. , Armes Steven P.
Published: June 2020

RAFT dispersion polymerization of 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate produces diblock copolymer spheres, worms or vesicles in mineral oil; the Pickering emulsifier performance of the spheres is examined.
Cyclic topology effects on the morphology of biocompatible and environment-friendly poly(ε-caprolactone) under nanoscale film confinement
Authors: Xiang Li , Ryu Wonyeong , Kim Jehan , Ree Moonhor
Published: June 2020

Quantitative grazing incidence X-ray scattering analysis combined with X-ray reflectivity using synchrotron radiation sources was explored for the first time cyclic topology effects on the nanoscale film morphology of poly(ε-caprolactone).
Oxidative cascade cyclization of 2-cyano-3-arylaniline derived acrylamides with toluenes, ethers, aliphatic alcohols or simple alkanes
Authors: Xia Wen-Jin , Xin Yangchun , Zhao Zhi-Wei , Chen Xin , Wang Xiang-Xiang , Li Yi , Wang Guanlin , Li Ya-Min
Published: June 2020

Oxidative radical cascade cyclization of 2-cyano-3-arylaniline derived acrylamides with a variety of hydrocarbons including toluenes, ethers, aliphatic alcohols and alkanes has been developed to construct alkyl substituted pyridophenanthridines.
Formicamycin biosynthesis involves a unique reductive ring contraction
Authors: Qin Zhiwei , Devine Rebecca , Booth Thomas J. , Farrar Elliot H. E. , Grayson Matthew N. , Hutchings Matthew I. , Wilkinson Barrie
Published: June 2020

Using a combination of biomimetic chemistry and molecular genetics we demonstrate that formicamycin biosynthesis proceeds via reductive Favorskii-like reaction.
A fluorescent ESIPT-based benzimidazole platform for the ratiometric two-photon imaging of ONOO−in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Odyniec Maria L. , Park Sang-Jun , Gardiner Jordan E. , Webb Emily C. , Sedgwick Adam C. , Yoon Juyoung , Bull Steven D. , Kim Hwan Myung , James Tony D.
Published: June 2020

In this work, we have developed an ESIPT benzimidazole-based platform for the two-photon cell imaging of ONOO− and a potential ONOO−-activated theranostic scaffold.
Noble gas endohedral fullerenes
Authors: Jalife Said , Arcudia Jessica , Pan Sudip , Merino Gabriel
Published: June 2020

This review focuses on the available experimental and theoretical investigations on noble gas (Ng) endohedral fullerenes, addressing the effects of confinement of one or more Ng atoms into the electronic structure and reactivity of fullerenes.
Measurement of the capillary interaction force between Janus colloidal particles trapped at a flat air/water interface
Authors: Carrasco-Fadanelli Virginia , Castillo Rolando
Published: June 2020

The capillary interaction force between spherical Janus particles trapped at the air–water interface is a sum of power laws.
Crack density in bloodstains
Authors: Choi Junhee , Kim Wonjung , Kim Ho-Young
Published: June 2020

This work presents a theoretical framework to understand the crack density of bloodstains by modeling whole blood as a suspension of binary size colloid particles.
Spatiotemporal control of calcium carbonate nucleation using mechanical deformations of elastic surfaces
Authors: Taylor Jay M. , Konda Abhiteja , Morin Stephen A.
Published: June 2020

We demonstrate that chemically modified elastic surfaces can be used to control crystal nucleation. By stretching the elastomer, we redistribute functional groups to tune interfacial energy and accelerate crystal nucleation.
Aqueous polypropylene glycol induces swelling and severe plasticization of high Tg amphiphilic copolymers containing hexafluoroisopropanol groups
Authors: Li Siyuan , Vogt Bryan D.
Published: June 2020

Not too big, not too small, but a narrow molecular weight range for poly(propylene glycol) where swelling of the copolymer increases tremendously for poly(propylene glycol).
Elasto-morphology of P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Authors: Munshi Joydeep , Chien TeYu , Chen Wei , Balasubramanian Ganesh
Published: June 2020

The effect of solution processing conditions on the elasto-morphology of a bulk heterojunction layer reveals a trade-off between thermo-mechanical stability and performance in organic solar cells.
Goal‐oriented design of optimal degree distribution for LT codes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Su Li
Published: June 2020

Goal‐oriented Luby transform (LT) codes are required in different scenarios. Based on the random walk model, analysis of ripple size evolution provides an effective method to design LT codes. However, the ripple addition in each step depends on both the number of symbols released in the current step and the ripple size in the last step, leading to distortion. Therefore, the authors propose a random walk algorithm with barrier (RWA‐B) to model the ripple addition directly. To evaluate the performance of ripple size evolution, they utilise generalised degree distribution algorithm to generate corresponding degree distribution. Through analysing the relationship between the performance of generated ripple size evolution and the parameters of RWA‐B, they design an iterator greedy algorithm to search the optimal ripple size evolution for desired goals. As a result, they compare three goal‐oriented degree distributions with others through numerical simulations. In binary erasure channel, both the memory usage oriented and block error rate (BER) oriented degree distributions outperform others with lowest average overhead, and the overhead oriented degree distribution outperforms others in terms of average overhead and average degree. In additive white Gaussian noise channel, the BER‐oriented degree distribution outperforms others in terms of BER and average overhead.
Optimisation of censoring‐based cooperative spectrum sensing approach with multiple antennas and imperfect reporting channel scenarios for cognitive radio network
Authors: Kumar Alok , Pandit Shweta , Singh Ghanshyam
Published: June 2020

In this article, we have employed an energy detector (ED)‐based cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) with multi‐antenna for cognitive radio network (CRN). The spectrum sensing error and energy efficiency (EE) are the key performance parameters in CRN which are affected by the threshold selection method, number of antennas employed at each cognitive user (CU), reporting error probability and cooperative fusion‐rule applied at fusion center (FC). Therefore, we have derived the expression for sensing error by considering the effect of all these parameters and have optimized the cooperative fusion‐rule at FC by formulating mathematical expression for optimal K in k‐out‐of‐M rule to minimize the sensing error. Since CSS improves the sensing performance of CRN at the cost of increased overhead bits due to more CUs reporting to FC, results reduced EE. We have employed censoring approach to reduce the energy consumption and hence increase the EE of CSS technique. Further, we have illustrated the sensing error and EE improvement achieved under the censoring approach when different threshold selection approaches are employed at each CU. The percentage EE enhancement in censoring approach are 19.53% and 19.9% with constant false‐alarm rate (CFAR) and minimized‐error probability (MEP) approaches, respectively in comparison to that of the non‐censoring approach.
Unified stability criteria for continuous‐time switched T‐S fuzzy systems
Authors: Liu Can , Mao Xiang , Zheng Qunxian , Zhang Hongbin
Published: June 2020

This study explores the unified stability problem for a class of continuous‐time switched non‐linear systems, in which the non‐linearities are described by the Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) fuzzy models. The ‘unified’ means that the switched system can be arbitrarily composed of either stable or unstable subsystems. Firstly, mode‐dependent average dwell time switching strategies are introduced, and the fast switching strategy is improved by a mode‐dependent bounded maximum average dwell time. Then, the subsystems are reclassified into ‘switching‐stable’ and ‘switching‐unstable’ subsystems. The state divergence will be absorbed by the ‘switching‐stable’ subsystems. Moreover, by constructing a time‐scheduled multiple Lyapunov function, the unified stability conditions are established. Finally, the effectiveness of the achieved results is validated by numerical examples.
Inference of chromospheric plasma parameters on the Sun
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Madjarska Maria S. , Kwak Hannah , Cho Kyuhyoun
Published: June 2020

The solar chromosphere can be observed well through strong absorption lines. We infer the physical parameters of chromospheric plasmas from these lines using a multilayer spectral inversion. This is a new technique of spectral inversion. We assume that the atmosphere consists of a finite number of layers. In each layer the absorption profile is constant and the source function varies with optical depth with a constant gradient. Specifically, we consider a three-layer model of radiative transfer where the lowest layer is identified with the photosphere and the two upper layers are identified with the chromosphere. The absorption profile in the photosphere is described by a Voigt function, and the profile in the chromosphere by a Gaussian function. This three-layer model is fully specified by 13 parameters. Four parameters can be fixed to prescribed values, and one parameter can be determined from the analysis of a satellite photospheric line. The remaining 8 parameters are determined from a constrained least-squares fitting. We applied the multilayer spectral inversion to the spectral data of the Hα and the Ca II 854.21 nm lines taken in a quiet region by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph (FISS) of the Goode Solar Telescope (GST). We find that our model successfully fits most of the observed profiles and produces regular maps of the model parameters. The combination of the inferred Doppler widths of the two lines yields reasonable estimates of temperature and nonthermal speed in the chromosphere. We conclude that our multilayer inversion is useful to infer chromospheric plasma parameters on the Sun.
Facteurs influençant l’adoption de l’innovation en agriculture en Algérie. Cas de deux cultures stratégiques : le blé dur et la pomme de terre
Authors: Bouzid Amel , Boudedja Karima , Cheriet Foued , Bouchetara Mehdi , Mellal Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Cet article tente de répondre à la question suivante : au-delà des caractéristiques de l’exploitation agricole, quels sont les autres facteurs qui influencent les différents types d’innovation dans les filières stratégiques de l’agriculture algérienne ? En effet, la politique algérienne actuelle ambitionne de moderniser les filières stratégiques pour accroître la production, substituer la production nationale à l’importation et augmenter le volume des exportations. Ce travail de recherche porte sur l’innovation agricole adoptée par les producteurs de blé dur et les producteurs de pomme de terre. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une enquête auprès d’une centaine d’agriculteurs et des entretiens qualitatifs auprès d’acteurs locaux du développement et de l’accompagnement agricoles. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le niveau d’innovation dans les techniques agricoles conventionnelles est appréciable : adoption de la rotation des cultures, introduction de nouveaux produits phytosanitaires, de désherbants et de fertilisants pour le blé dur ; adoption de nouvelles variétés, introduction de nouvelles machines et techniques de plantation pour la pomme de terre. Par contre, les innovations en matière de marketing, de commercialisation ou de techniques durables sont inexistantes pour le blé dur, alors que certaines innovations en matière d’organisation et de marketing sont observées chez les producteurs de pomme de terre. Globalement, ces derniers présentent une autonomie financière, sont plus jeunes, plus instruits et exploitent de plus grandes superficies que les producteurs de blé dur, ce qui semble expliquer leur propension à innover davantage. Enfin, les résultats suggèrent que les politiques de subvention et de garantie de la commercialisation pour les producteurs de blé dur freineraient l’innovation dans cette filière, alors que la forte concurrence entre régions nord et sud stimulerait l’innovation chez les producteurs de pomme de terre. À l’inverse, le statut non sécurisé du foncier dans cette dernière filière agirait comme un frein à l’innovation et aux investissements de long terme.
Two-particle correlations on transverse momentum: an untapped resource for studying relativistic heavy-ion collision dynamics
Authors: Ray Robert L. , Jentsch Alexander M.
Published: June 2020

Two-particle correlation projections onto two-dimensional transverse momentum coordinates (pt1,pt2) allow access to properties of the relativistic heavy-ion collision system which are complementary to that studied using angular correlations. Examples include the degree of thermal equilibration and the variance of dynamical fluctuations in hard-scattering processes. Results for minimum-bias Au + Au collisions at √sNN= 200 are presented, with the structures described by two phenomenological models. The correlations structures and extracted physical quantities are then compared to theoretical predictions. Conclusions from these comparisons regarding global equilibration, fluctuations in soft and semi-hard QCD processes, and the effects of the hot, dense collision medium are presented.
Self-similarity in Fluctuations and Clustering of Multiplicities
Authors: Rybczyński Maciej , Włodarczyk Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

In this talk we summarize the main results of our recent publication [1], where we describe the observed by the CERN NA49 experiment a non-monotonic behavior of the fluctuations in multiplicity as a function of centrality of the collision using the concept of correlations between produced particles promoting cluster formation. A new element is a use of log-normal distribution for particles in a cluster which emerges naturally when one considers particle production based on bivariate branching scenario [2].
Recent results from BABAR
Authors: Gary J. William
Published: June 2020

The BABAR Collaboration at SLAC continues to produce a wide variety of publications on interesting and unique topics despite having ceased data-collection operations more than 10 years ago. Presented here are the results of three recent studies. The first is on the direct measurement of the B± → K± X(3872) branching fraction, allowing the first determination of the branching fractions of the exotic X(3872) charmonium state. The second is a publication on the first observation of the D0 → K−π+e+e− branching fraction. The third is on searches for lepton flavor and lepton number violating decays in D0 meson decays, resulting in improvements over existing limits by factors that vary from 20 to almost 800 depending on the D0 decay channel.
Recent Results from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory
Authors: Malone Kelly
Published: June 2020

The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory, anextensive air shower detector consisting of 300 water Cherenkov tanks located at 4100m in Puebla, Mexico, has been surveying the TeV gamma-ray sky for almost five years. HAWC can observe steady sources, variable sources, transients, which allows for probes of both astrophysical and particle physics phenomena. This includes the production and propagation of cosmic rays, studies of Lorentz invariance violation, and dark matter searches. I will discuss recent HAWC results as well as the future of the observatory.
Studying particle acceleration from driven magnetic reconnection at the termination shock of a relativistic striped wind using particle-in-cell simulations
Authors: Lu Yingchao , Guo Fan , Kilian Patrick , Li Hui , Huang Chengkun , Liang Edison
Published: June 2020

A rotating pulsar creates a surrounding pulsar wind nebula (PWN) by steadily releasing an energetic wind into the interior of the expanding shockwave of supernova remnant or interstellar medium. At the termination shock of a PWN, the Poynting-flux- dominated relativistic striped wind is compressed. Magnetic reconnection is driven by the compression and converts magnetic energy into particle kinetic energy and accelerating particles to high energies. We carrying out particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations to study the shock structure as well as the energy conversion and particle acceleration mechanism. By analyzing particle trajectories, we find that many particles are accelerated by Fermi-type mechanism. The maximum energy for electrons and positrons can reach hundreds of TeV.
Amélioration des propriétés mécaniques des sols par biocimentation : étude mécanique et microstructurale
Authors: Dadda Abdelali , Emeriault Fabrice , Geindreau Christian , Esnault-Filet Annette , Garandet Aurélie
Published: June 2020

Le procédé de bio-cimentation est une technique prometteuse pour renforcer les sols lâches et de faible résistance mécanique. Cette technique a montré une très bonne efficacité pour plusieurs types de sols lors d’essais en laboratoire, dans des modèles physiques ou lors d’essais sur site. Dans le présent article, un protocole de biocimentation de sol par injection a été élaboré en laboratoire pour préparer des éprouvettes de sable de Fontainebleau à différents niveaux de cimentation. Des mesures de perméabilité et des essais triaxiaux drainés à différentes contraintes de confinement ont été réalisés sur ces éprouvettes. Ces essais ont été suivis par des observations microscopiques et aux rayons-X afin de comprendre l’impact microstructural de la précipitation de calcite. Dans l’ensemble, les résultats montrent une bonne répétabilité de la biocimentation par le protocole suivi, ainsi qu’une faible hétérogénéité dans le profil des éprouvettes biocimentées. Ces résultats ont montré aussi une augmentation importante de la résistance mécanique des éprouvettes de sable biocimenté. Par ailleurs, du point de vue microstructural, la précipitation de calcite est quasi-localisée au niveau des contacts entre grains, ce qui donne une très bonne efficacité mécanique (forte augmentation de cohésion), avec une faible diminution de perméabilité surtout pour les faibles niveaux de calcification.
Stellenwert und qualitative Voraussetzungen der Magnetresonanztomografie für die Therapieplanung beim lokal fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinom – Interdisziplinäre Empfehlungen
Authors: Attenberger Ulrike , Rödel Claus , Ghadimi Michael , Piso Pompilio , Arnold Dirk , Folprecht Gunnar , Geissler Michael , Hegewisch-Becker Susanna , Heinemann Volker , Kasper Stefan , Modest Dominik , Reinacher-Schick Anke , Seufferlein Thomas , Stein Alexander , Stintzing Sebastian , Hofheinz Ralf-Dieter
Published: June 2020

Zur Indikationsstellung und Stratifizierung der perioperativen Therapie des lokal fortgeschrittenen Rektumkarzinoms ist die Magnetresonanztomografie unverzichtbar. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden der Stellenwert der MRT-Diagnostik und die qualitativen Voraussetzungen dargestellt.
Peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy for gastroparesis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uemura Karime Lucas , Chaves Dalton , Bernardo Wanderley M. , Uemura Ricardo Sato , de Moura Diogo Turiani Hourneaux , de Moura Eduardo Guimarães Hourneaux
Published: June 2020

Background and aim Gastric peroral endoscopic pyloromyotomy (G-POEM) is a new therapeutic option for refractory gastroparesis (GP). A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effectiveness of G-POEM in refractory GP. For the quality of evidence, we used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Methods We performed a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, LILACS and the Science citation index for studies related to G-POEM from the inception of its technique through January 2019. We selected studies that analyzed the gastroparesis cardinal symptom index (GCSI) and 4-hour solid-phase gastric emptying scintigraphy (GES) before and after the procedure to verify the efficacy of G-POEM, the main outcome measured. An analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3.

Results Ten studies comprising 281 patients were included in this systematic review. The pooled mean difference in GCSI following the procedure was 1.76 (95 % CI: [1.43, 2.08], I2 = 72 %). We also performed GCSI subgroup analysis by follow-up duration that showed a pooled mean difference of 1.84 (95 % CI: [1.57, 2.12], I2 = 71 %). The pooled mean difference in GES after the procedure was 26.28 (95 % CI: [19.74, 32.83], I2 = 87 %), corresponding to a significant drop in percentage values of the gastric retention 4-hour scintigraphy.

Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrates that G-POEM is effective and shows promising outcomes in the clinical response and gastric emptying scintigraphy for gastroparesis. Therefore, it should be considered in the management of refractory gastroparesis.
Komorbiditäten bei Patienten mit juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis
Authors: Napp Ramona , Horneff Gerd
Published: June 2020

Ziele Untersuchung von Komorbiditäten bei juveniler idiopathischer Arthritis und Einfluss von JIA-Kategorie, Geschlecht und Therapie.

Methodik Datenbank des BiKeR Registers (Biologika-in-der-Kinderrheumatologie-Register), einer prospektiven, multizentrischen nichtinterventionellen Beobachtungsstudie. Klassifikation von 51 Komorbiditäten nach MedDRA unter Verwendung der Low-Level-Terms in 15 übergeordnete Kategorien. Vorbestehende Komorbiditäten wurden zur Bestimmung der Prävalenz, auftretende für die Inzidenz verwendet. Zum Vergleich wurden Häufigkeit bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach Literatur verwendet.

Ergebnisse Bei 898 von 3804 Patienten wurden 1141 prävalente und 658 inzidente Komorbiditäten während 12 527,5 Beobachtungsjahren dokumentiert. ⅓ aller Komorbiditäten waren ophthalmologische Erkrankungen, Uveitis und deren Komplikationen. Betroffen waren vor allem Patienten mit Oligoarthritis. In absteigender Reihung folgten Hashimoto-Thyreoiditis, Makrophagenaktivierungssyndrom (MAS), Allergien, Asthma bronchiale, Psoriasis und Vaskulitis. Atopische Erkrankungen waren seltener als erwartet. Muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen wie M. Perthes, Osteochondritis dissecans, Osteoporose und Bandscheibenvorfall waren häufiger, eine Skoliose seltener. Malignome kamen signifikant häufiger vor, insbesondere bei sJIA. Patienten mit sJIA hatten auch signifikant häufiger ein MAS und eine arterielle Hypertonie. Eine Adipositas war bei JIA nicht häufiger, wohl aber ein Diabetes mellitus.

Diskussion Patienten mit JIA zeigen eine Vielzahl von Komorbiditäten. Einige Komorbiditäten verdienen wegen ihrer Relevanz für die Morbidität und Mortalität im Langzeitverlauf besondere Aufmerksamkeit, vor allem Uveitis, muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus als kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor und Malignome.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,
Authors: Günther Albrecht , Best Norman
Published: June 2020

mit Verfassen dieser Zeilen zeigt sich in Zeiten der Coronavirus-Epidemie, wie
wichtig gut funktionierende Schnittstellen im Gesundheitssystem sind. Die aktuellen
Diskussionen zu den Vorteilen und Limitationen des Föderalismus in
Deutschland unterstreichen die Relevanz dieses Themas.
Nackenschmerzen bei Jetbesatzungen der Luftwaffe: Erste Ergebnisse
Authors: Pippig Torsten M. , Oertel Matthias
Published: June 2020

In dieser Studie gaben 14 % aller befragten 151 Jetpiloten und Waffensystemoffiziere (WSO) Nackenschmerzen an, weniger als in der vorliegenden flugmedizinischen Literatur. Am Untersuchungtag/Begutachtungtag waren alle LFF/WSO beschwerdefrei und die klinische Untersuchung der Halswirbelsäule (HWS) war regelrecht. Eine Erklärung dafür könnte die besondere Untersuchungssituation sein, ebenso die verwendete Definition des Nackenschmerzes bei Piloten, „significant flight-related neck pain“. Das sind Nackenschmerzen, die während des Flugdienstes auftreten und bis 48 Stunden nach dem Flug anhalten. In dieser Studie wird auch kurz auf die Häufigkeit und Gründe für Nackenbeschwerden bei Hubschrauberbesatzungen eingegangen.
Gastrointestinale Tumoren beim älteren und alten Patienten
Authors: Schulte Nadine , Ebert Matthias P. , Reissfelder Christoph , Härtel Nicolai
Published: June 2020

Ältere Patienten (65 Jahre und älter) stellen die Mehrheit der Patienten mit einer Krebsdiagnose dar. Für Ösophaguskarzinome liegt der Altersgipfel in der siebten bis achten Lebensdekade. Bei Magenkarzinomen ist 1/3 der Patienten älter als 75 Jahre, und ca. 45 % der Kolonkarzinom-Patienten sind ≥ 75 Jahre alt.

Aufgrund bestehender Komorbiditäten, altersbedingter Veränderungen und Polypharmazie stellen ältere und alte Patienten eine besondere Herausforderung in der Tumortherapie dar.

In Studien sind diese Patienten meist deutlich unterrepräsentiert, und dezidierte „Elderly“-Studien sind rar. Neue Operationsverfahren mit der minimalinvasiven Technik wie der Laparoskopie oder mit Telemanipulatoren liefern gerade für das Ösophagus- und Magenkarzinom Vorteile, die zukünftig für alte und ältere Patienten die postoperative Morbidität in Bezug auf kardiale und pulmonale Komplikationen deutlich senken können.

Bezüglich Chemotherapie zeigt sich eine gute Verträglichkeit von Fluoropyrimidinen und Oxaliplatin; von Triple-Therapien sollte eher Abstand genommen werden. Gerade die Immuntherapie bietet aufgrund des besseren Nebenwirkungsprofils eine interessante Alternative zur Standardchemotherapie.
Ayahuasca – Religion, Life-style oder Droge?
Authors: Neu Peter
Published: June 2020

Ayahuasca ist ein psychoaktives Getränk, welches seit wahrscheinlich hunderten von Jahren von indigenen Kulturen des Amazonas-Beckens als Medizin und Hilfsmittel bei religiösen Ritualen benutzt wird. Durch den Rucksacktourismus fanden die Substanz und die damit verbundenen Rituale auch Verbreitung in der westlichen Welt. Anhand eines klinischen Fallberichts wird ein Abriss der Verwendung, der Pharmakologie, des rechtlichen Status und unerwünschter Wirkungen gegeben und diskutiert.
Malariafälle bei Airline-Crews: Kasuistiken und Konsequenzen für die Prophylaxe
Authors: Wanner Elisabeth , Stutz Andreas , Ensslin Angela
Published: June 2020

Bei Reisen in Tropenregionen sind neben Touristen auch Piloten und Flugbegleiter weltweit operierender Fluggesellschaften einem Malariarisiko ausgesetzt. Insgesamt gilt das Risiko als gering, allerdings fehlen genaue Zahlen zur Anzahl von Crewerkrankungen 1, 2. Dar es Salaam ist die einzige malariagefährdete Afrikadestination von Swiss International Air Lines. Von 2002–2016 sind keine Malariaerkrankungen bei Crewmitgliedern vorgekommen. Im Anschluss an die große Regenzeit 2017 erkrankten insgesamt 9 Crewmitglieder an Malaria. Dies entspricht 2,6 % der im Jahr 2017 in der Schweiz vom Bundesamt für Gesundheit registrierten, importierten 340 Malariafälle 3. Diese außergewöhnliche Häufung von Malariafällen bei der Crew veranlasste Swiss Medical Services zu einer intensivierten internen Risikokommunikation. Zusätzlich wurde den Crews mit Destination Dar es Salaam neben den üblichen Mückenschutzmaßnahmen saisonal eine Malariaprophylaxe mit einer fixen Kombination aus Atovaquon und Proguanil (Malarone® und zahlreiche Generika) empfohlen.
Alles in einem Flash
Authors: Castigliego Giuliano
Published: June 2020

Das Flash-Konzept von Balint stellt das fruchtbarste Resultat seiner
lebenslangen, theoretisch-klinischen Forschungstätigkeit dar, es
lässt sich aber theoretisch nicht so leicht einfangen und
definieren.

Der Artikel befasst sich zunächst mit der Entwicklung der angewandten
Psychoanalyse von Balint und seiner bevorzugten Partner, der
Hausärzten. Daraufhin geht der Artikel auf das Flash-Konzept und auf
seine Theoretisierung ein. Dabei greift er auf Elemente zurück, die
nicht nur aus der psychoanalytischen Theorie stammen, sondern auch aus der
Phänomenologie (Empathie) und aus der Neurowissenschaft
(Spiegel-Neuronen). Das dadurch definierte Konzept von Flash kann
bereichernde Beiträge liefern, um das
„Sich-Einstimmen“ (Tuning in) zwischen Patient und
Therapeut, aber auch zwischen den Teilnehmenden einer Balintgruppe
untereinander, besser zu verstehen.
Urgent endoscopy in children: epidemiology in a large region of France
Authors: Norsa Lorenzo , Ferrari Alberto , Mosca Alexis , Talbotec Cecile , Campeotto Florence , Lemale Julie , Pigneur Bénédicte , Viala Jerome
Published: June 2020

Background and study aims The real burden of urgent endoscopy in children has not been studied yet. Our aim was to evaluate the need for urgent endoscopy in children.

Patients and methods Information was collected about all the calls that were received during the 24 hour on-call shift for pediatric endoscopy in the region of Ile-de-France (12.1 million inhabitants) during a 6 months period (February-July 2017).

Results A total of 237 calls (19 calls/y/100,000 children) were collected regarding children of an average age of 3.2 years (range 2 days-18 years). Most of the calls (68 %) were for foreign body ingestions. Gastroscopy was required in 32 % of children: 24 % of those calling for foreign body ingestion, 48 % for gastrointestinal bleeding, 63 % for caustic ingestions (P = 0.01). The average time between the call and the urgent endoscopy were below the international recommendations for each situation.

Conclusions Calling the endoscopist seems to have become a recurrent practice, although in most cases, urgent endoscopy did not appear necessary, especially for foreign body ingestion. This organization of pediatric endoscopy on call was able to guarantee the performance of urgent endoscopy in adequate timing for a highly populated region.
Nickel-Catalyzed Negishi-Type Arylation of Trialkylsulfonium Salts
Authors: Yorimitsu Hideki , Minami Hiroko , Nogi Keisuke
Published: June 2020

Negishi-type arylation of trialkylsulfonium salts with arylzinc reagents has been accomplished under nickel catalysis. The use of cyclohexanethiol as an additional ligand was found to be particularly important to promote C–S cleavage. The present reaction accommodates one-pot arylation of dialkyl sulfides by combining with S-methylation with MeOTf. Mechanistic experiments suggest that C–S cleavage would proceed via single-electron transfer (SET) to generate the most stable carbon-centered radical and that the thiolate ligand would promote the C–S cleavage and radical recombination step.
Iridium(III)-Catalyzed Difluoroalkylation–Bicyclization of 1,7-Enynes toward Benzo[a]fluoren-5-ones under Visible-Light Photoredox Conditions
Authors: Hao Wen-Juan , Jiang Bo , Huang Min-Hua
Published: June 2020

A new visible-light-induced Ir(III)-catalyzed difluoroalkylation–bicyclization of 1,7-enynes with ethyl 2-bromo-2,2-difluoroacetate (BrCF2CO2Et) is described, furnishing a wide range of difluoromethyl-containing benzo[a]fluoren-5-ones in good to excellent yields. The reaction is operationally simple, proceeds with high efficiency under mild conditions, and shows excellent functional group compatibility.
Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum: A Rare Cause of Chronic Epigastric Pain
Authors: Nassar Shadi , El-Kheir Alaa , Khaled Charif , Nassar Anis , Boujaoude Joseph , Tohme Cyril
Published: June 2020

Despite its first identification in 1885, intraluminal duodenal diverticulum remains a rare entity and only a few case reports are found in the literature. Its diagnosis is almost always delayed due to the lack of specific symptoms and to the very vague presentation consisting of mild epigastric discomfort. However, with the aid of new diagnostic modalities and imaging, it has become easier to diagnose this entity when its symptoms persist. Finally, it can remain undiagnosed in asymptomatic patients.
Caesarean Section of Multifetal Pregnancy
Authors: Tanigaki Shinji , Takemori Satoshi , Osaka Makoto , Watanabe Momoe , Kitamura Aya , Ueyama Sayaka , Tanaka Kei , Matsushima Miho , Kobayashi Youichi
Published: June 2020

Planned caesarean delivery (CD) did not significantly decrease or increase the risk of fetal or neonatal death or serious neonatal morbidity in twin pregnancy between 32 0/7 and 38 6/7 weeks of gestation, with the first twin in the vertex presentation. As prevalence rises for the second twin, emergency CD is necessary for delivery of the second twin after vaginal delivery of the first twin. Waiting after 38 weeks' gestation essentially requires close fetal and maternal surveillance to identify if those pregnancies may benefit to extend a gestational period. It is important to construct a system in which an emergency CD can be performed anytime. The caesarean section does not change in even multifetal pregnancy. Each step after laparotomy has few tips: (1) because the uterus strongly leans to the right, image the uterine rotation. To avoid thick vessels on the uterine lateral wall, perform long U-shaped incision using a scissor. 2) Ensure not to rupture the membrane of the second twin before delivery of the first twin. (3) Check the presentation of the second twin before rupture of that fetus's membrane. The second twin tends to change the presentation. If the upper uterine segment will clamp down and entrap the second twin, a vertical uterine incision is performed without hesitation. Women with multifetal pregnancy are at increased risk of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Mainly PPH is caused by uterine atony. Oxytocin should be prepared before starting the CD. All bleeding may not be recognized in the operation field. Do not lose the timing of blood transfusion.
HKA Angle—A Reliable Planning Parameter for High Tibial Osteotomy: A Theoretical Analysis Using Standing Whole-Leg Radiographs
Authors: Jiang Xu , Xie Kai , Han Xuequan , Ai Songtao , Wu Haishan , Wang Liao , Yan Mengning
Published: June 2020

High tibial osteotomy (HTO) is a recognized treatment for early-stage medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. Preoperative planning with standing whole-leg radiographs (WLRs) is essential for ensuring optimal postoperative alignment. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the theoretical accuracy of the wedge opening required for two different preoperative planning parameters in open-wedge HTO. The second purpose is to theoretically determine which parameter is superior. Preoperative planning for HTO was performed with standing WLRs for 39 knees with isolated medial osteoarthritis. The Miniaci preoperative planning method was applied to correct the hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle to 3to 6 degrees of valgus and the weight-bearing line (WBL) percentage within 60 to 70% of the width of the tibial plateau. To ensure that the HKA angle was between 3 and 6 degrees of valgus, the required accuracy window for the Miniaci angle was 3.25 ± 0.03 degrees (range, 3.20–3.30°). To ensure that the WBL percentage was between 60 and 70%, the accuracy window required for the Miniaci angle was 2.35 ± 0.13 degrees (range, 2.10–2.65°). This study suggests that to correct the HKA angle and the WBL percentage within the target range on two-dimensional WLRs, the Miniaci angle must be controlled to an accuracy of ± 1.63 and ± 1.18 degrees, respectively. Theoretically, the HKA angle is highly suitable as a preoperative planning parameter for HTO with a large permissible error and a small variability in the degree of change in the Miniaci angle (ΔMiniaci).