bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Economic Value of Coastal Ecosystem Services: A Review
Authors: Mehvar Seyedabdolhossein , Filatova Tatiana , Dastgheib Ali , De Ruyter van Steveninck Erik , Ranasinghe Roshanka
Published: January 2018

The complexity of quantifying ecosystem services in monetary terms has long been a challenging issue for economists and ecologists. Many case specific valuation studies have been carried out in various parts of the World. Yet, a coherent review on the valuation of coastal ecosystem services (CES), which systematically describes fundamental concepts, analyzes reported applications, and addresses the issue of climate change (CC) impacts on the monetary value of CES is still lacking. Here, we take a step towards addressing this knowledge gap by pursuing a coherent review that aims to provide policy makers and researchers in multidisciplinary teams with a summary of the state-of-the-art and a guideline on the process of economic valuation of CES and potential changes in these values due to CC impacts. The article highlights the main concepts of CES valuation studies and offers a systematic analysis of the best practices by analyzing two global scale and 30 selected local and regional case studies, in which different CES have been valued. Our analysis shows that coral reefs and mangroves are among the most frequently valued ecosystems, while sea-grass beds are the least considered ones. Currently, tourism and recreation services as well as storm protection are two of the most considered services representing higher estimated value than other CES. In terms of the valuation techniques used, avoided damage, replacement and substitute cost method as well as stated preference method are among the most commonly used valuation techniques. Following the above analysis, we propose a methodological framework that provides step-wise guidance and better insight into the linkages between climate change impacts and the monetary value of CES. This highlights two main types of CC impacts on CES: one being the climate regulation services of coastal ecosystems, and the other being the monetary value of services, which is subject to substantial uncertainty. Finally, a systematic four-step approach is proposed to effectively monetize potential CC driven variations in the value of CES.
Analysis of Correlation in MEMS Gyroscope Array and its Influence on Accuracy Improvement for the Combined Angular Rate Signal
Authors: Xue Liang , Wang Xinguo , Yang Bo , Yuan Weizheng , Yuan Guangmin
Published: January 2018

Obtaining a correlation factor is a prerequisite for fusing multiple outputs of a mircoelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscope array and evaluating accuracy improvement. In this paper, a mathematical statistics method is established to analyze and obtain the practical correlation factor of a MEMS gyroscope array, which solves the problem of determining the Kalman filter (KF) covariance matrix Q and fusing the multiple gyroscope signals. The working principle and mathematical model of the sensor array fusion is briefly described, and then an optimal estimate of input rate signal is achieved by using of a steady-state KF gain in an off-line estimation approach. Both theoretical analysis and simulation show that the negative correlation factor has a favorable influence on accuracy improvement. Additionally, a four-gyro array system composed of four discrete individual gyroscopes was developed to test the correlation factor and its influence on KF accuracy improvement. The result showed that correlation factors have both positive and negative values; in particular, there exist differences for correlation factor between the different units in the array. The test results also indicated that the Angular Random Walk (ARW) of 1.57°/h0.5 and bias drift of 224.2°/h for a single gyroscope were reduced to 0.33°/h0.5 and 47.8°/h with some negative correlation factors existing in the gyroscope array, making a noise reduction factor of about 4.7, which is higher than that of a uncorrelated four-gyro array. The overall accuracy of the combined angular rate signal can be further improved if the negative correlation factors in the gyroscope array become larger.
Uniformly Dispersed and Re-Agglomerated Graphene Oxide-Based Cement Pastes: A Comparison of Rheological Properties, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure
Authors: Long Wu-Jian , Li Hao-Dao , Fang Chang-Le , Xing Feng
Published: January 2018

The properties of graphene oxide (GO)-based cement paste can be significantly affected by the state of GO dispersion. In this study, the effects of uniformly dispersed and re-agglomerated GO on the rheological, mechanical properties and microstructure of cement paste were systematically investigated. Two distinct dispersion states can be achieved by altering the mixing sequence: Polycarboxylate-ether (PCE) mixed with GO-cement or cement mixed with GO-PCE. The experimental results showed that the yield stress and plastic viscosity increased with the uniformly dispersed GO when compared to those of re-agglomerated GO cement paste. Moreover, the 3-day compressive and flexural strengths of uniformly dispersed GO paste were 8% and 27%, respectively, higher than those of re-agglomerated GO pastes. The results of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses demonstrated that uniformly dispersed GO more effectively promotes the formation of hydration products in hardened cement paste. Furthermore, a porosity analysis using mercury intrusion porosimetry revealed that the homogeneous dispersion of GO can better inhibit the formation of large-size pores and optimize the pore size distribution at 3 and 7 days than the re-agglomerated GO.
Transparent Low Electrostatic Charge Films Based on Carbon Nanotubes and Polypropylene. Homopolymer Cast Films
Authors: Quiñones-Jurado Zoe , Waldo-Mendoza Miguel , Mata-Padilla José , González-Morones Pablo , Martínez-Colunga Juan , Soriano-Corral Florentino , Cruz-Delgado Víctor , Ziolo Ronald , Avila-Orta Carlos
Published: January 2018

Use of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in external layers (A-layers) of ABA-trilayer polypropylene films was investigated, with the purpose of determining intrinsic and extrinsic factors that could lead to antistatic behavior of transparent films. The incorporation of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 wt % of MWCTNs in the A-layers was done by dilution through the masterbatch method. Masterbatches were fabricated using isotactic polypropylene (iPP) with different melt flow indexes 2.5, 34, and 1200 g/10 min, and using different ultrasound assist methods. It was found that films containing MWCNTs show surface electrical resistivity of 1012 and 1016 Ω/sq, regardless of the iPP melt flow index (MFI) and masterbatch fabrication method. However, electrostatic charge was found to depend upon the iPP MFI, the ultrasound assist method and MWCNT concentration. A percolation electron transport mechanism was determined most likely responsible for this behavior. Optical properties for films containing MWCNTs do not show significant differences compared to the reference film at MWCNT concentrations below 0.1 wt %. However, an enhancement in brightness was observed, and it was attributed to ordered iPP molecules wrapping the MWCNTs. Bright transparent films with low electrostatic charge were obtained even for MWCNTs concentrations as low as 0.01 wt %.
A Novel Method to Remove Fringes for Dispersive Hyperspectral VNIR Imagers Using Back-Illuminated CCDs
Authors: Hu Binlin , Sun Dexin , Liu Yinnian
Published: January 2018

Dispersive hyperspectral VNIR (visible and near-infrared) imagers using back-illuminated CCDs will suffer from interference fringes in near-infrared bands, which can cause a sensitivity modulation as high as 40% or more when the spectral resolution gets higher than 5 nm. In addition to the interference fringes that will change with time, there is fixed-pattern non-uniformity between pixels in the spatial dimension due to the small-scale roughness of the imager’s entrance slit, creating a much more complicated problem. A two-step method to remove fringes for dispersive hyperspectral VNIR imagers is proposed and evaluated. It first uses a ridge regression model to suppress the spectral fringes, and then computes spatial correction coefficients from the object data to correct the spatial fringes. In order to evaluate its effectiveness, the method was used to remove fringes for both the calibration data and object data collected from two VNIR grating-based hyperspectral imagers. Results show that the proposed method can preserve the original spectral shape, improve the image quality, and reduce the fringe amplitude in the 700–1000 nm region from about ±23% (10.7% RMSE) to about ±4% (1.9% RMSE). This method is particularly useful for spectra taken through a slit with a grating and shows flexible adaptability to object data, which suffer from time-varying interference fringes.
A Regression Model for Predicting Shape Deformation after Breast Conserving Surgery
Authors: Zolfagharnasab Hooshiar , Bessa Sílvia , Oliveira Sara , Faria Pedro , Teixeira João , Cardoso Jaime , Oliveira Hélder
Published: January 2018

Breast cancer treatments can have a negative impact on breast aesthetics, in case when surgery is intended to intersect tumor. For many years mastectomy was the only surgical option, but more recently breast conserving surgery (BCS) has been promoted as a liable alternative to treat cancer while preserving most part of the breast. However, there is still a significant number of BCS intervened patients who are unpleasant with the result of the treatment, which leads to self-image issues and emotional overloads. Surgeons recognize the value of a tool to predict the breast shape after BCS to facilitate surgeon/patient communication and allow more educated decisions; however, no such tool is available that is suited for clinical usage. These tools could serve as a way of visually sensing the aesthetic consequences of the treatment. In this research, it is intended to propose a methodology for predict the deformation after BCS by using machine learning techniques. Nonetheless, there is no appropriate dataset containing breast data before and after surgery in order to train a learning model. Therefore, an in-house semi-synthetic dataset is proposed to fulfill the requirement of this research. Using the proposed dataset, several learning methodologies were investigated, and promising outcomes are obtained.
Experimental Evaluation of UWB Indoor Positioning for Sport Postures
Authors: Ridolfi Matteo , Vandermeeren Stef , Defraye Jense , Steendam Heidi , Gerlo Joeri , De Clercq Dirk , Hoebeke Jeroen , De Poorter Eli
Published: January 2018

Radio frequency (RF)-based indoor positioning systems (IPSs) use wireless technologies (including Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and ultra-wide band (UWB)) to estimate the location of persons in areas where no Global Positioning System (GPS) reception is available, for example in indoor stadiums or sports halls. Of the above-mentioned forms of radio frequency (RF) technology, UWB is considered one of the most accurate approaches because it can provide positioning estimates with centimeter-level accuracy. However, it is not yet known whether UWB can also offer such accurate position estimates during strenuous dynamic activities in which moves are characterized by fast changes in direction and velocity. To answer this question, this paper investigates the capabilities of UWB indoor localization systems for tracking athletes during their complex (and most of the time unpredictable) movements. To this end, we analyze the impact of on-body tag placement locations and human movement patterns on localization accuracy and communication reliability. Moreover, two localization algorithms (particle filter and Kalman filter) with different optimizations (bias removal, non-line-of-sight (NLoS) detection, and path determination) are implemented. It is shown that although the optimal choice of optimization depends on the type of movement patterns, some of the improvements can reduce the localization error by up to 31%. Overall, depending on the selected optimization and on-body tag placement, our algorithms show good results in terms of positioning accuracy, with average errors in position estimates of 20 cm. This makes UWB a suitable approach for tracking dynamic athletic activities.
Sustainability Risk Evaluation for Large-Scale Hydropower Projects with Hybrid Uncertainty
Authors: Tang Weiyao , Li Zongmin , Tu Yan
Published: January 2018

As large-scale hydropower projects are influenced by many factors, risk evaluations are complex. This paper considers a hydropower project as a complex system from the perspective of sustainability risk, and divides it into three subsystems: the natural environment subsystem, the eco-environment subsystem and the socioeconomic subsystem. Risk-related factors and quantitative dimensions of each subsystem are comprehensively analyzed considering uncertainty of some quantitative dimensions solved by hybrid uncertainty methods, including fuzzy (e.g., the national health degree, the national happiness degree, the protection of cultural heritage), random (e.g., underground water levels, river width), and fuzzy random uncertainty (e.g., runoff volumes, precipitation). By calculating the sustainability risk-related degree in each of the risk-related factors, a sustainable risk-evaluation model is built. Based on the calculation results, the critical sustainability risk-related factors are identified and targeted to reduce the losses caused by sustainability risk factors of the hydropower project. A case study at the under-construction Baihetan hydropower station is presented to demonstrate the viability of the risk-evaluation model and to provide a reference for the sustainable risk evaluation of other large-scale hydropower projects.
Social Innovation in Smart Tourism Ecosystems: How Technology and Institutions Shape Sustainable Value Co-Creation
Authors: Polese Francesco , Botti Antonio , Grimaldi Mara , Monda Antonella , Vesci Massimiliano
Published: January 2018

In the service era, markets are reconceptualized as systems of actors interconnected through networked relationships based on resources exchange and producing value co-creation. Two of the main contemporary service research theories, Service-dominant logic and Service science, propose different organizational layouts for producing and harmonizing value co-creation: Service ecosystems and smart service systems. However, these two models show some limitations. So, this work aims at drawing an integrated model, the so called Smart service ecosystem that can be applied to hypercompetitive and experience-based sectors. The model was tested in the tourism sector by using a case study methodology. Ten interviews were administered to key informants to analyze their perception about the main dimensions of the smart service ecosystems. By adopting a holistic view, the results obtained can allow the elaboration of a framework which pinpoints: (1) the main stakeholder groups (actors); (2) the kind of resources exchanged (resource integration); (3) the tools employed (technology); (4) the institution exchange among users (institutions). Applying the model obtained to the tourism sector this work explores the main element-steps for managing and optimizing value co-creation and sustainability in the long run and thus for transitioning from innovation to social innovation.
Solving a More Flexible Home Health Care Scheduling and Routing Problem with Joint Patient and Nursing Staff Selection
Authors: Nasir Jamal , Dang Chuangyin
Published: January 2018

Development of an efficient and effective home health care (HHC) service system is a quite recent and challenging task for the HHC firms. This paper aims to develop an HHC service system in the perspective of long-term economic sustainability as well as operational efficiency. A more flexible mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated by incorporating the dynamic arrival and departure of patients along with the selection of new patients and nursing staff. An integrated model is proposed that jointly addresses: (i) patient selection; (ii) nurse hiring; (iii) nurse to patient assignment; and (iv) scheduling and routing decisions in a daily HHC planning problem. The proposed model extends the HHC problem from conventional scheduling and routing issues to demand and capacity management aspects. It enables an HHC firm to solve the daily scheduling and routing problem considering existing patients and nursing staff in combination with the simultaneous selection of new patients and nurses, and optimizing the existing routes by including new patients and nurses. The model considers planning issues related to compatibility, time restrictions, contract durations, idle time and workload balance. Two heuristic methods are proposed to solve the model by exploiting the variable neighborhood search (VNS) approach. Results obtained from the heuristic methods are compared with a CPLEX based solution. Numerical experiments performed on different data sets, show the efficiency and effectiveness of the solution methods to handle the considered problem.
Applications of Graph Spectral Techniques to Water Distribution Network Management
Authors: Di Nardo Armando , Giudicianni Carlo , Greco Roberto , Herrera Manuel , Santonastaso Giovanni
Published: January 2018

Cities depend on multiple heterogeneous, interconnected infrastructures to provide safe water to consumers. Given this complexity, efficient numerical techniques are needed to support optimal control and management of a water distribution network (WDN). This paper introduces a holistic analysis framework to support water utilities on the decision making process for an efficient supply management. The proposal is based on graph spectral techniques that take advantage of eigenvalues and eigenvectors properties of matrices that are associated with graphs. Instances of these matrices are the adjacency matrix and the Laplacian, among others. The interest for this application is to work on a graph that specifically represents a WDN. This is a complex network that is made by nodes corresponding to water sources and consumption points and links corresponding to pipes and valves. The aim is to face new challenges on urban water supply, ranging from computing approximations for network performance assessment to setting device positioning for efficient and automatic WDN division into district metered areas. It is consequently created a novel tool-set of graph spectral techniques adapted to improve main water management tasks and to simplify the identification of water losses through the definition of an optimal network partitioning. Two WDNs are used to analyze the proposed methodology. Firstly, the well-known network of C-Town is investigated for benchmarking of the proposed graph spectral framework. This allows for comparing the obtained results with others coming from previously proposed approaches in literature. The second case-study corresponds to an operational network. It shows the usefulness and optimality of the proposal to effectively manage a WDN.
SWRO-PRO System in “Mega-ton Water System” for Energy Reduction and Low Environmental Impact
Authors: Kurihara Masaru , Takeuchi Hiromu
Published: January 2018

Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes have been widely applied in seawater desalination (SWRO) and wastewater reclamation as the main desalination technology since 2000. SWRO plants face challenges to reduce energy consumption and brine disposal to lessen marine pollution. To tackle these challenges, a SWRO-PRO (Pressure Retarded Osmosis) System was proposed in the “Mega-ton Water System” project under the Japanese national project of the “Funding Program for World-Leading Innovative R&D on Science and Technology” (FIRST Program). To reduce the energy consumption of the main SWRO plant, an innovative low-pressure SWRO membrane and a next generation energy recovery device (ERD) were developed by the “Mega-ton Water System” project. In addition to this research and development, a new membrane process has been proposed and confirmed as a low-pressure multi-stage SWRO (LMS). A brine conversion two-stage SWRO system was invented 20 years ago, and has been in operation for over 15 years. Application of the SWRO membrane process to actual commercial plants was an important research theme. The low-pressure multi-stage SWRO System (LMS) was an innovative method of introducing a low-pressure membrane and the membrane element in the pressure vessel was designed to avoid heavy fouling of lead elements. As a result of these developments at mega-ton scale SWRO plants, a 20% energy reduction was possible in the SWRO system of the “Mega-ton Water System”. In the development of the PRO process, a PRO hollow fiber membrane module with a maximum 13.3 w/m2 of membrane power density using a 10-inch module was established at a prototype PRO plant. Thus, a 30% energy reduction was possible using the SWRO-PRO System in the “Mega-ton Water System” at mega-ton scale SWRO plants. The brine disposal problem was also solved by this system.
Mental Health Services Use by Melanoma Patients Receiving Adjuvant Interferon: Association of Pre-treatment Mental Health Care with Early Discontinuation
Authors: Hanna T. P. , Baetz T. , Xu J. , Miao Q. , Earle C. C. , Peng Y. , Booth C. M. , Petrella T. M. , McKay D. R. , Nguyen P. , Langley H. , Eisenhauer E.
Published: January 2018

Background: Although high-dose interferon (hd-ifn) is the sole approved adjuvant systemic treatment for melanoma in many jurisdictions, it is toxic. We sought to assess the population-level effects of hd-ifn toxicity, particularly neuropsychiatric toxicity, hypothesizing that such toxicity would have the greatest effect on mental health services use in advanced resected melanoma. Methods: This retrospective population-based registry study considered all melanoma patients receiving adjuvant hd-ifn in Ontario during 2008–2012. Toxicity was investigated through health services use compatible with hd-ifn toxicity (for example, mental health physician billings). Using stage data reported from cancer centres about a subset of patients (stages iib–iiic), a propensity-matched analysis compared such service use in patients who did and did not receive hd-ifn. Associations between early hd-ifn discontinuation and health services use were examined. Results: Of 718 melanoma patients who received hd-ifn, 12% were 65 years of age and older, and 83% had few or no comorbidities. One third of the patients experienced 1 or more toxicity-associated health care utilization events within 1 year of starting hd-ifn. Of 420 utilization events, 364 (87%) were mental health–related, with 54% being family practitioner visits, and 39% being psychiatrist visits. In the propensity-matched analysis, patients receiving hd-ifn were more likely than untreated matched controls to use a mental health service (p = 0.01), with 42% of the control group and 51% of the hd-ifn group using a mental health service in the period spanning the 12 months before to the 24 months after diagnosis. In the multivariable analysis, early drug discontinuation was more likely in the presence of pre-existing mental health issues (odds ratio: 2.0; 95% confidence limits: 1.1, 3.4). Conclusions: Stage iib–iiic melanoma patients carry a substantial burden of mental health services use whether or not receiving hd-ifn, highlighting an important survivorship issue for these patients. High-dose interferon is associated with more use of mental health services, and pre-treatment use of mental health services is associated with treatment discontinuation. That association should be kept in mind when hd-ifn is being considered.
Risk and Predictors of Suicide in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Analysis
Authors: Samawi H. H. , Shaheen A. A. , Tang P. A. , Heng D. Y. C. , Cheung W. Y. , Vickers M. M.
Published: January 2018

Background: The risk of suicide is higher for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) than for the general population. Given known differences in morbidity and sites of recurrence, we sought to compare the predictors of suicide for patients with colon cancer and with rectal cancer. Methods: Using the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, adult patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum during 1973–2009 were identified. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used to assess selected variables, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine predictors of suicide. Results: The database identified 187,996 patients with rectal cancer and 443,368 with colon cancer. Compared with the rectal cancer group, the colon cancer group was older (median age: 70 years vs. 67 years; p < 0.001) and included more women (51% vs. 43%, p < 0.001). Suicide rates were similar in the colon and rectal cancer groups [611 (0.14%) vs. 337 (0.18%), p < 0.001]. On univariate analysis, rectal cancer was a predictor of suicide [hazard ratio (hr): 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10 to 1.43]. However, after adjusting for clinical and pathology factors, rectal cancer was not a predictor of suicide (HR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.83 to 1.33). In the colon cancer cohort, independent predictors of suicide included older age, male sex, white race, and lack of primary resection. The aforementioned predictors, plus metastatic disease, similarly predicted suicide in the rectal cancer cohort. Conclusions: The suicide risk in CRC patients is low (<0.2%), and no difference was found based on location of the primary tumour. Sex, age, race, distant spread of disease, and intact primary tumour were the main predictors of suicide among CRC patients. Further studies and interventions are needed to target these high-risk groups.
Abstracts from the Poster Session of the 2017 American Massage Therapy Association National Convention
Authors: Authors Various
Published: January 2018

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Simulation and Investigation of Tire Tread Blocks Interaction with Ice
Authors: Ružinskas Andrius
Published: January 2018

The car tire is an essential subject analysing its interaction with the road. From tire’s tread condition, geometry and rubber compound depends grip and vehicle stability. This is especially relevant in winter time, when roads are covered with the layer of snow or ice. Generally, new tires are tested in real traffic conditions using vehicles. However, ensuring these conditions requires many resources and sometimes it could be a big challenge. For this reason, simulation of the tire interaction with the road becomes more important in nowadays tire researches. Since the tire is a complex engineering subject, the tire tread blocks could be separated for individual analysis. The interaction between the dry ice and the tread block with sipes was analysed using finite element analysis. The tread block was described using hyperelastic Mooney­Rivlin material model. The deformations, distribution of the contact pressure and shear stresses were obtained for the soft and hard rubber compounds with different vertical load conditions. Also a solid tread block interaction was analysed and it was found that values of contact pressure and shear stresses are much lower comparing to siped tread block.
Procurement with BIM: Lithuanian Situation Analysis and Further Development
Authors: Pavlovskis Miroslavas
Published: January 2018

This article deals with the role and importance of procurement in the context of Lithuanian construction, and distinguishes the main weaknesses of the public procurement. The implementation of BIM and MCDM technologies during public tendering is described. The foreign good practice is analyzed, where BIM and MCDM technology is used during organization of public tenders in the construction field. The possibilities of applying the building information model are examined throughout the entire procurement process. The procurement organization model is proposed, based on MCDM and BIM technologies. It is found that implementation of BIM and MCDM technologies in the public tenders will be beneficial for both the state and the entire construction sector by reducing project uncertainties, risk expo-sure, shortening the project documentation review and, therefore, the construction time of the object.
Arranging Parameters of Self-anchored Stressed Ribbon Supported on Arch Pedestrian Bridges
Authors: Karieta Vilius
Published: January 2018

Stressed ribbon pedestrian bridges are most graceful, efficient and economical strains of suspension bridges. However, these structures have a major disadvantage – very large horizontal support reactions, which result mainly to the construction cost. In order to discover new forms and to extend the limits of stressed ribbon bridges, in the end of twentieth century these constructions were started to combine with other bearing elements in cable­stayed, under­deck cable­stayed bridges and other structures. At the beginning of the twenty­first century stressed ribbon supported on arch structure was discovered. The paper presents reviews of suspension supported on arch footbridges and classification. Considered the main geometrical design parameters and their interdependence. The paper presents a method of how to balance self­anchored suspension supported on arch bridge design computational scheme.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: What Shapes the Distribution of Metals in Galaxies? Exploring the Roles of the Local Gas Fraction and Escape Velocity
Authors: Barrera-Ballesteros J. K. , Heckman T. , Sánchez S. F. , Zakamska N. L. , Cleary J. , Zhu G. , Brinkmann J. , Drory N. ,   THE MaNGA TEAM
Published: January 2018

We determine the local metallicity of the ionized gas for more than 9.2 × 105 star-forming regions (spaxels) located in 1023 nearby galaxies included in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV MaNGA integral field spectroscopy unit survey. We use the dust extinction derived from the Balmer decrement and the stellar template fitting in each spaxel to estimate the local gas and stellar mass densities, respectively. We also use the measured rotation curves to determine the local escape velocity (V
esc). We then analyze the relationships between the local metallicity and both the local gas fraction (μ) and V
esc. We find that metallicity decreases with both increasing μ and decreasing V
esc. By examining the residuals in these relations we show that the gas fraction plays a more primary role in the local chemical enrichment than does V
esc. We show that the gas-regulator model of chemical evolution provides a reasonable explanation of the metallicity on local scales. The best-fit parameters for this model are consistent with the metal loss caused by momentum-driven galactic outflows. We also argue that both the gas fraction and the local escape velocity are connected to the local stellar surface density, which in turn is a tracer of the epoch at which the dominant local stellar population formed.
Using Gravitational-wave Observations and Quasi-universal Relations to Constrain the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars
Authors: Rezzolla Luciano , Most Elias R. , Weih Lukas R.
Published: January 2018

Combining the GW observations of merging systems of binary neutron stars and quasi-universal relations, we set constraints on the maximum mass that can be attained by nonrotating stellar models of neutron stars. More specifically, exploiting the recent observation of the GW event GW170817 and drawing from basic arguments on kilonova modeling of GRB 170817A together with the quasi-universal relation between the maximum mass of nonrotating stellar models

and the maximum mass supported through uniform rotation

, we set limits for the maximum mass to be

, where the lower limit in this range comes from pulsar observations. Our estimate, which follows a very simple line of arguments and does not rely on the modeling of the electromagnetic signal in terms of numerical simulations, can be further refined as new detections become available. We briefly discuss the impact that our conclusions have on the equation of state of nuclear matter.
‘Oumuamua as a Messenger from the Local Association
Authors: Feng F. , Jones H. R. A.
Published: January 2018

With a hyperbolic trajectory around the Sun, ‘Oumuamua is the first confirmed interstellar object. However, its origin is poorly known. By simulating the orbits of 0.23 million local stars, we find 109 encounters with periastron less than 5 pc. ‘Oumuamua’s low peculiar velocity is suggestive of its origin from a young stellar association with similar velocity. In particular, we find that ’Oumuamua would have had slow encounters with at least five young stars belonging to the Local Association, thus suggesting these as plausible sites for formation and ejection. In addition to an extremely elongated shape, the available observational data for ‘Oumuamua indicates a red color, suggestive of a potentially organic-rich and activity-free surface. These characteristics seem consistent with formation through energetic collisions between planets and debris objects in the middle part of a young stellar system. We estimate an abundance of at least 6.0 × 10−3 au−3 for such interstellar objects with mean diameter larger than 100 m and find that it is likely that most of them will be ejected into the Galactic halo. Our Bayesian analysis of the available light curves indicates a rotation period of

, which is consistent with the estimation by Meech et al. and shorter than those in other literature. The codes and results are available on GitHub (https://github.com/phillippro/Oumuamua).
Galactic Cosmic-Ray Anistropy During the Forbush Decrease Starting 2013 April 13
Authors: Tortermpun U. , Ruffolo D. , Bieber J. W.
Published: January 2018

The flux of Galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) can undergo a Forbush decrease (FD) during the passage of a shock, sheath region, or magnetic flux rope associated with a coronal mass ejection (CME). Cosmic-ray observations during FDs can provide information complementary to in situ observations of the local plasma and magnetic field, because cosmic-ray distributions allow remote sensing of distant conditions. Here we develop techniques to determine the GCR anisotropy before and during an FD using data from the worldwide network of neutron monitors, for a case study of the FD starting on 2013 April 13. We find that at times with strong magnetic fluctuations and strong cosmic-ray scattering, there were spikes of high perpendicular anisotropy and weak parallel anisotropy. In contrast, within the CME flux rope there was a strong parallel anisotropy in the direction predicted from a theory of drift motions into one leg of the magnetic flux rope and out the other, confirming that the anisotropy can remotely sense a large-scale flow of GCRs through a magnetic flux structure.
Les identifications à l’œuvre dans l’interprétation
Authors: Szwec Gérard
Published: January 2018

L’auteur discute de la conception de « ce qui fait interprétation » selon Brigitte Eoche Duval, qui propose un modèle selon lequel une régression suffisante et des capacités de l’analyste à utiliser l’identification primaire permet le surgissement, entre l’analysant et lui, d’une forme commune sous forme d’un acte de parole. Ce dernier crée une crise dans la cure et va finir par faire interprétation. L’auteur étudie les identifications qui entrent en jeu dans l’interprétation, notamment les identifications hystériques dont il rappelle le rôle, et il rapporte les variations de ces identifications aux changements d’équilibre qui s’effectuent à certains moments entre investissements libidinaux et investissements narcissiques.
Effroi, rage, tout vole en éclats. Processus de confiance
Authors: Bayle Gérard
Published: January 2018

De façon silencieuse, certains processus psychiques s’associent dans la mise en place et le maintien de la confiance lorsque des risques de violence menacent une cure analytique. Ainsi, les processus tertiaires, le transfert de base et une certaine réserve interprétative peuvent se déployer face à l’imminence du traumatique en facilitant les enchaînements organisateurs qui vont du masochisme à la réorganisation névrotique en passant par les effets répétitifs d’après-coups. Ils sous-tendent les évolutions économiques et dynamiques de ces après-coups.
Le moteur de l’interprétation dans un binôme
Authors: Breccia Marina
Published: January 2018

L’interprétation, à la base du devenir du sujet dans le processus analytique, est elle aussi en devenir. La parole analytique, à l’intérieur du cadre, offre une intermédiation tertiaire, là où la parole est manquante ou bien là où elle tend à l’évacuation par un excès d’excitation traumatique. Il s’agit de chercher la parole affectivée, au sein de la répétition et de l’agir, et de la ramener à la preuve de réalité en faveur de la représentation. C’est dans le binôme transfert/contretransfert, métaphorisé dans l’image du moteur-planeur que se trouve le moteur d’une parole transformative.
Altérité et subjectivation
Authors: Lavallée Guy
Published: January 2018

Ces quelques notes complètent une position professionnelle « classique » qui ne rejette rien de ses héritages, permet la parole de l’analyste, évite l’aliénation du patient et assure un travail de fond de « désidentification » primaire, finalité implicite de toute analyse.
Densification du masochisme érogène, préalable à l’interprétation
Authors: Thomé-Renault Annette
Published: January 2018

Avec certains patients, avant qu’un véritable travail analytique interprétatif puisse s’instaurer dans un plaisir de fonctionnement psychique partagé, il est parfois nécessaire de densifier l’intrication pulsionnelle masochique érogène, ce qui peut être facilité par un aménagement du dispositif où sont pris en compte les vécus sensori-moteurs dans la relation transféro-contre-transférentielle pour leur donner un sens et les intégrer dans une histoire.
Donner parole, donner silence
Authors: Baldacci Jean-Louis
Published: January 2018

À partir de la formule de Rabelais, « Donner paroles est acte d’amoureux » est proposée une réflexion sur la mise en tension de la parole et du silence au cours du processus interprétatif. Silence, renoncement, détour, renversement, interprétation dans et de transfert, apparaissent comme les conditions de l’interprétation du transfert, celle qui met fin à la répétition au profit de la remémoration. Mais lorsque le processus rencontre sa limite, se trouve posée la question de savoir comment permettre au corps et à la sexualité infantile de retrouver le chemin de la parole.
Les mots des autres
Authors: Miller Patrick
Published: January 2018

La dimension traumatique de la rencontre analytique nous confronte parfois brutalement aux limites de nos capacités représentatives et figuratives. Pour avoir accès à une parole vivante l’analyste doit se déprendre des « mots des autres » et traverser l’épreuve d’une passivation activement acceptée.
Interpréter le bébé ? Le travail du psychanalyste avec les bébés et leurs parents
Authors: Angelergues Jacques
Published: January 2018

Pourquoi des psychanalystes avec les bébés ? Peut-être parce que la dimension inconsciente des processus à l’œuvre autour de la naissance, le poids du transgénérationnel et des traumatismes, et le cortège « démoniaque » des répétitions, le commandent. Le poids des mots qui entourent le berceau doit faire l’objet de l’attention et de la prudence contre-tranférentielle du psychanalyste.
Prélude à l’interprétation dans le transfert passionnel
Authors: Pons Nicolas Sylvie
Published: January 2018

L’auteure propose que dans les transferts passionnels, manifestation de la résistance, la réserve interprétative de l’analyste et le fait qu’il survive à la destructivité est un préalable à une parole interprétative qui assure le passage entre la reviviscence et le renoncement aux objets œdipiens.
Avec bon vent et avec bonne houle. Au-delà de l’interpréter : quelques considérations sur le développement des contenants
Authors: Mauro Manica
Published: January 2018

L’auteur prend en considération comment un des buts fondamentaux de l’analyse peut être le développement des contenants (Bion, 1970). À travers une présentation clinique, l’auteur reprend le concept freudien de sublimation et fait une distinction entre la possibilité des sublimations en K et la possibilité des sublimations en O, en les considérant comme des indicateurs d’un effet produit par le contenant sur le contenu et des indicateurs potentiels de l’évolution du processus psychanalytique.
L’obsession du sens et l’émergence du vivant
Authors: Dufour Jacques
Published: January 2018

À partir du renoncement de Freud à sa systématisation métapsychologique qui lui fit entendre une emprise traumatique et l’élaborer en antagonisme pulsionnel induisant une décomposition de la personnalité psychique, l’auteur analyse les conséquences de ce bouleversement théorique sur le travail analytique. Hérité du clivage, qui pervertit le langage et déchire le moi, un travail analytique dégagé de l’obsession du sens et fondé sur l’expérience partagée des spectres destructeurs, ouvrira une césure d’où émergeront des mots de l’interprétation qui font vivre et penser.
Théâtre et interprétation
Authors: Mesguich Daniel
Published: January 2018

Dans cette intervention, Daniel Mesguich interroge le lien entre théâtre et psychanalyse, et plus particulièrement le sens de l’interprétation au théâtre, la place du personnage qu’il distingue de la personne. Il analyse la modalité de la croyance du spectateur, modalité qui serait de l’ordre d’un « je sais bien, mais quand même », et explicite les rapports entre cinéma, opéra et théâtre.
Les conditions de scientificité des Big Data en science politique
Authors: Boyadjian Julien
Published: January 2018

Résumé Cet article propose de prolonger le débat initié par Dominique Boullier concernant l'influence des big data en sciences sociales. Sans remettre en cause l'idée selon laquelle l'analyse des phénomènes numériques peut nécessiter la constitution d'un nouveau courant épistémologique, on souhaite exposer, de manière complémentaire, un autre point de vue : les big data peuvent également permettre d'articuler les différentes traditions épistémologiques existantes des sciences sociales, à condition, premièrement, de combiner les nouvelles technologies numériques avec les méthodes d'enquête « traditionnelles » et, deuxièmement, de mobiliser les notions et concepts canoniques des sciences humaines et sociales pour analyser les phénomènes numériques.
Changes in Corneal Biomechanical Properties With Different Corneal Cross-linking Irradiances
Authors: Bao FangJun , Zheng YaRu , Liu Chang , Zheng XiaoBo , Zhao YiPing , Wang Yuan , Li LinNa , Wang QinMei , Chen ShiHao , Elsheikh Ahmed
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To evaluate whether different corneal cross-linking (CXL) irradiances, all with the same delivered total energy, achieve similar increases in corneal material stiffness.

METHODS:

One hundred twenty-six healthy white Japanese rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 18 each). After removing the epithelium of the left corneas, six groups were exposed to riboflavin (0.22% concentration by volume) and ultraviolet-A (370 nm) at different CXL irradiations, all with the same total dose (5.4 J/cm
2
), ranging from 3 mW/cm
2
for 30 minutes to 90 mW/cm
2
for 1 minute. The left corneas of the seventh group were exposed to riboflavin without irradiation. Twelve corneas of each group were prepared for inflation testing, where they were subjected to internal hydrostatic pressure simulating intraocular pressure, whereas the other six specimens were processed for electron microscopy measurements of fibril diameter and interfibrillar spacing. The inverse modeling process was used to estimate the tangent modulus of the tissue, which is considered an accurate measure of the material stiffness.

RESULTS:

The stiffening effect of CXL decreased when using high irradiation/short duration settings. Compared with the group with no irradiation (NUVA group), the tangent modulus increases reduced from 212.5% in the 3mW/30min group to 196.8% in the 90mW/1min group. These increases were significant (
P
< .05) in the 3mW/30min and 9mW/10min groups, but became insignificant in other CXL groups. The interfibrillar spacing in the anterior 50
μ
m of the corneal stroma also reduced with high irradiation/short duration settings, changing from 20.05 ± 1.89 nm in the NUVA group down to 13.06 ± 2.07 and 14.37 ± 1.90 nm in the 3mW/30min and 9mW/10min groups, respectively. These changes were significant (
P
< .05) between non-adjacent groups, but became non-significant otherwise. The corresponding changes in fibril diameter were small and nonsignificant in all cases (
P
> .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Because the effect of CXL in stiffening the tissue and reducing the interfibrillar spacing consistently decreased with reducing the irradiance duration, the Bunsen–Roscoe law may not be readily applicable in the CXL of corneal tissue.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):51–58.]
Autorefraction Versus Manifest Refraction in Patients With Keratoconus
Authors: Soeters Nienke , Muijzer Marc B. , Molenaar Jurrian , Godefrooij Daniel A. , Wisse Robert P.L.
Published: January 2018

PURPOSE:

To compare visual performance using autorefraction and manifest refraction assessments in patients with keratoconus and investigate whether autorefraction measurements lead to suboptimal visual performance.

METHODS:

Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was measured in 90 eyes of 61 patients with keratoconus with both autorefraction and manifest refraction, in a random order. Maximum keratometry (Kmax), cone location, and wavefront aberration were determined with Scheimpflug tomography. The difference between the autorefraction and manifest refraction outcomes was converted to vectors and a multivariable analysis was performed to identify potential underlying causes of this difference.

RESULTS:

A significantly better CDVA was achieved with manifest refraction (0.06 vs 0.29 logMAR [20/23 vs 20/38 Snellen],
P
< .001). After vector analysis, a mean difference of 4.83 diopters was found between autorefraction and manifest refraction. Increased Kmax was strongly and significantly associated with better visual performance of manifest refraction compared to autorefraction (B = 0.496,
P
= .002).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study showed that a superior CDVA is achieved with manifest refraction compared to autorefraction in patients with keratoconus. Furthermore, the difference between the two refraction methods increases as the cornea steepens. According to this study, autorefraction is unreliable in patients with keratoconus and should be avoided.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(1):30–34.]
En torno a la disyuntiva décima/subsidio en Castilla y la Corona de Aragón durante la Baja Edad Media
Authors: Morelló Baget Jordi
Published: January 2018

En este artículo, llevamos a cabo una sucinta revisión diacrónica y comparativa del largo proceso que, tanto en la Corona de Aragón como en Castilla, fue discurriendo en torno a dos formas de imposición fiscal extraordinaria (décimas y subsidios), que podemos tomar como representativas de un importante trasvase de renta eclesiástica a favor de la incipiente fiscalidad estatal. Siguiendo sucesivas fases cronológicas, desde el siglo XIII hasta la época de los Reyes Católicos, intentamos ver la frecuencia con la que ambas monarquías hicieron uso de ambos tipos de prestación, con o sin autorización papal, los diferentes motivos aducidos en cada caso, así como otras cuestiones relativas al consentimiento del clero y al papel de las asambleas eclesiásticas en la gestión de esas cargas. A pesar de ciertas divergencias y de las distintas dinámicas desarrolladas en cada reino, es obvio que ambas modalidades de contribución clerical condujeron al establecimiento cada vez más regular de impuestos sobre la renta, en tanto que constitutivos de una fiscalidad sustentada en base a la tasación de los beneficios eclesiásticos. Este artículo se ha elaborado a partir de una revisión selectiva de la producción bibliográfica y de la consulta, por lo que concierne a la Corona de Aragón, de fuentes archivísticas de primera mano.