bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Actualization of the idea of legal nurturing in the context of a modern transitive society development
Authors: Rybak Svetlana , Krygina Irina
Published: November 2019

The article is devoted to the scientific-theoretical analysis of the problem associated with the development of the idea of legal education in terms of a modern transitive society, the formation of the law-educational policy of the state in the context of the ongoing transformational processes, and the necessity to improve law-educational technologies as a modern form of realization of the educational and upbringing activity. The aim of the work is to actualize scientific and research interest to the problem of legal education and legal nurturing in order to optimize the activity of the state in the given direction and to implement the unified legal policy in the system of legal education and legal nurturing. The carried out analysis based on the system-structural, functional, and comparative approaches allowed to reveal and substantiate the scientific and theoretical concepts of the modern educational and legal nurturing process in the study. The given categorical characteristics of the modern legal nurturing model and of the legal education reflect forming in the Russian legal space of the institutional legal environment affecting the state and social processes of modern Russian society.
Delir erkennen in 3 Schritten
Authors: von Haken Rebecca , Hansen Hans-Christian
Published: November 2019

Background Clinicians are commonly confronted with the differential diagnosis of altered mental status, impaired cognition and altered level of consciousness in hospitalized patients including those admitted to medical, geriatric, emergency, intensive and post-operative care units. Although delirium is the most common acute neuropsychiatric condition in the acute hospital setting this diagnosis is commonly delayed, made too late or missed altogether.

Difficulties and importance of timely diagnosis The causes of delirious states are manifold. Both, direct damage to the brain tissue as well as encephalopathy as a result of other medical diseases, can be the cause of delirium. Depending on the predisposition delirious syndromes can be provoked by minor medical interventions. Clinical presentation is very variable, but remains largely independent of the triggering mechanisms. Purely catatonic, hypoactive, hyperactive and excitatory types as well as mixed forms can be distinguished.

Immediate diagnosis of a delirious syndrome and rapid elucidation of its causes are keys for the implementation of curative therapy. There is a need to act fast because delirious phases are associated with significantly longer hospital stay and increased morbidity as a result of long-term cognitive deficits as well as increased mortality. As negative outcome is closely linked to the duration of a delirious episode, early diagnosis and rapid termination of the delirium constitute a significant positive predictor of outcome. In this respect, delirium represents an emergency, with or without concomitant cerebral or extracerebral symptoms.
Transitionspsychiatrie – Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze
Authors: Banaschewski Tobias , Fegert Jörg M. , Freyberger Harald , Karow Anne , Reif Andreas , Schaff Christa , Voderholzer Ulrich , Driessen Martin
Published: November 2019

Brüche in der psychiatrischen Versorgung beim Übergang vom Jugend- in das Erwachsenalter führen – gerade bei schweren psychischen Erkrankungen – häufig zu einer erheblichen Behandlungsverzögerung und einer besonders hohen Rate von Therapieabbrüchen mit hohem Risiko für frühe Chronifizierungen. Die gemeinsame Task-Force Transition der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie (DGKJP) und der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN) hat daher allgemeine, sektoren- und störungsspezifische Lücken im deutschen psychiatrischen Versorgungssystem analysiert, die einer gelingenden Transition ins erwachsenenpsychiatrische Versorgungssystem entgegenstehen. Der Artikel fasst die Ergebnisse der Task-Force zusammen, skizziert die Ziele und Herausforderungen transitionspsychiatrischer Behandlungsmodelle und deren strukturelle und fachliche Voraussetzungen. Daraus werden die Forderungen und Empfehlungen an Psychiatrieplanung, Gesundheits- und Forschungspolitik sowie Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung weitergeleitet, um die Transition von einer adoleszentenzentrierten hin zu einer erwachsenenorientierten psychiatrischen Versorgung in Zukunft optimal zu gestalten.
Therapie der ambulant erworbenen und nosokomialen Pneumonie
Authors: Kramme Evelyn , Dalhoff Klaus , Ewig Santiago
Published: November 2019

Die ambulant erworbene Pneumonie (community-acquired pneumonia, CAP) ist weltweit die häufigste vital bedrohliche Infektion. In Deutschland wird sie mit zunehmender Alterung der Gesellschaft mehr und mehr zu einer geriatrischen Erkrankung. Entscheidend für die Therapie ist die Schweregradbeurteilung, die nach dem CRB65-Score erfolgt. In der Klinik wird zur Abklärung der Ätiologie eine mikrobiologische Basisdiagnostik empfohlen, diese besteht aus respiratorischer Kultur, Blutkulturen, bei mittelschwerer und insbesondere schwerer Pneumonie auch dem Legionellen-Antigentest im Urin. Weitere Tests sind nach anamnestischen Hinweisen gezielt einzusetzen. Die Auswahl der Therapie wird bei der CAP in erster Linie vom Schweregrad bestimmt. Die Therapiedauer sollte bei CAP nicht mehr als 5–7 Tage betragen.

Die nosokomiale Pneumonie spielt eine Hauptrolle unter den im Krankenhaus erworbenen Infektionen. Die Mehrzahl der Fälle tritt bei beatmeten Patienten auf. Anders als bei der CAP prägen „Problemkeime“ wie Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobakterien und Pseudomonas aeruginosa das Erregerspektrum der nosokomialen Pneumonie. Eine Zunahme multiresistenter Erreger (MRE) wird weltweit beobachtet. Die Wahl der kalkulierten Therapie erfolgt nach dem MRE-Risiko und dem Schweregrad der Infektion. Eine regelhafte initiale Kombinationstherapie wird nur noch dann empfohlen, wenn sowohl ein erhöhtes MRE-Risiko als auch Schweregradkriterien vorliegen. Deeskalation und Antibiotic Stewardship (ABS) sind integraler Bestandteil des Therapiekonzepts, dabei geht es vorrangig um die Begrenzung des Antibiotikaeinsatzes.
Activities of Serum Adenosine Deaminase and its Isoenzymes in
Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing
Spondylitis and Myasthenia Gravis
Authors: Zhao-wei Gao , Zhao Guan-hua , Li Rui-cheng , Wang Hui-ping , Liu Chong , Zhang Hui-zhong , Dong Ke
Published: November 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes and
diagnostic value of serum ADA activity in autoimmune diseases, including
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing
spondylitis (AS), and myasthenia gravis (MG).

Methods Serum ADA activity, including total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes
(ADA1 and ADA2), was determined in patients with different autoimmune diseases
(144 RA, 114 SLE, 55 AS, 68 MG). The changes in serum ADA activity in patients
were analysed. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was
applied to evaluate the diagnostic performance of serum ADA activity.

Results Compared with healthy controls, the serum tADA activity in SLE
patients was significantly increased (p<0.001), while the serum tADA
activity in patients with RA, AS and MG did not change (p>0.05). The ROC
analysis showed that the optimal cut-off value of serum tADA activity for SLE
diagnosis was 10.5 U/L (79.8% specificity and
74.6% sensitivity; likelihood ratio (LR): 3.693; p<0.001).
Moreover, our results showed that there were no significant changes of ADA1 and
ADA2 activity in RA, AS and MG patients, while the serum ADA2 activity was
significantly increased in SLE patients. The ROC analysis showed that ADA2
activity could be used in diagnosing SLE with 75.4% specificity and
78.1% sensitivity (LR: 3.175). Based on the ROC curve analysis, serum
tADA activity (79.8% specificity and 74.6% sensitivity;
likelihood ratio (LR): 3.693) and ADA2 activity (75.4% specificity and
78.1% sensitivity; LR: 3.175) are unlikely to be used in diagnosing SLE.
Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between tADA activity and SLE
disease activity (r=0.303, p=0.010). Notably, serum tADA
activity in SLE patients with arthritis was higher than in patients without
arthritis (p=0.005), which suggests that tADA activity might be related
to lupus arthritis.

Conclusion These findings suggest that serum tADA and ADA2 activity might
play an important role in SLE progression.
Immunsuppression beim nierentransplantierten Patienten über 65 Lebensjahre
Authors: Reshetnik Alexander
Published: November 2019

Ältere Patienten stellen eine zunehmende Population unter den Transplantierten. Leider sind die empirischen Daten zur immunsuppressiven Therapie in diesem Kollektiv bislang begrenzt. Die vorhandene Evidenz deutet jedoch darauf hin, dass verfügbare moderne Immunsuppressionsprotokolle unter Beachtung spezieller Besonderheiten bei älteren Patienten auch in dieser Klientel problemlos eingesetzt werden können. Dennoch sollten zukünftige randomisierte Studien ältere Empfänger einschließen, um die Empirik in dieser zunehmend größeren Population zu erweitern.
Introduction of Disc Material into the Vertebral Canal by Fenestration of Thoracolumbar Discs Following Decompressive Surgery
Authors: Harris Georgina , Freeman Paul
Published: November 2019

Objective Intervertebral disc extrusion is a common disease affecting chondrodystrophic dogs. It has been reported that fenestration of thoracolumbar intervertebral discs reduces recurrence of disc extrusion and is associated with a low complication rate. One complication reported is iatrogenic introduction of disc material into the canal directly following fenestration. This study aimed to ascertain if, and at what frequency, additional disc material may be introduced into the vertebral canal by fenestration of the affected disc following decompressive surgery.

Study Design Twenty-one dogs that underwent hemilaminectomy and disc fenestration for the treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion had intraoperative assessment of the vertebral canal before and after fenestration. The spinal cord was first decompressed by hemilaminectomy and removal of all visible extruded disc material within the vertebral canal. Once no further material was visible, manual fenestration of the affected disc was performed. The vertebral canal was re-inspected, and the presence or absence of additional material was noted and included in the surgery report.

Results Seven dogs showed the presence of new disc material in the vertebral canal post fenestration.

This preliminary study shows that additional disc material can be forced into the vertebral canal by fenestration following decompressive surgery, with a frequency of 7/21.

Conclusion This illustrates the importance of checking the vertebral canal after fenestration of an extruded intervertebral disc.
Position and Relations of Ovary in Developing Human Fetuses
Authors: Momin Ambath D. , Singh Naranbabu
Published: November 2019

Aim: The aim of the study is to relook into the gross development of human ovary and its relation to other pelvic organs. Materials and methods:The materials studied consisted of 52 normal human female fetuses of different gestational ages starting from 14th week to 40 weeks, collected from Dept, of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RIMS, Imphal with permission from the local ethical committee. Results: The ovaries are almond shaped and are located in false pelvis till term. The orientations of the ovaries were different at different age groups. Till 16 week the ovary was found to be placed vertically, at 18 weeks obliquely in 66.66% and vertically in 33.33% instances. Thereafter ovaries were placed obliquely in the false pelvis till 29th week. At 30th week they were found to be almost horizontal till 38th week of gestation and at 40th week they regained oblique orientation. Weight and all the dimensions of the ovary were found to increase with increasing gestational weeks. The weight and dimension of right ovary was slightly more than that of left ovary. During early weeks ovarian size is greater than that of uterus but as the age advances, size of uterus becomes bigger than ovary. Conclusion: Ovaries lie vertically in early weeks of gestation and become oblique in mid trimester. The ovary becomes temporarily horizontal at the end of third trimester only to become oblique at term. The detailed knowledge of developmental anatomy will help the clinician to deal with the diseases related to ovary.
The Morphometric study of Internal acoustic meatus in dry skulls of South Indian adults
Authors: KV Vinay ,   Pretty R,   Vishal K,   Beena N
Published: November 2019

Background: The internal acoustic meatus (IAM) is a bony canal present between labyrinth and posterior cranial fossa. The normal morphometry of IAM is useful during evaluation of cases of skull trauma, congenital anomalies of IAM affecting the individual nerves, and in pre evaluation of surgeries of ear. The present study was done to determine the normal dimensions of IAM and to have a morphological database of the IAM for South Indian population. Materials & methods: The present study was conducted on 37 temporal bones of adult skulls. The impression of IAM was taken by injecting polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material into the IAM and the dimensions were measured by using digital vernier callipers on right and left side separately. The height and width of IAM at porous, middle and fundus were measured and tabulated. Results: As there was no significant statistical difference between the parameters of right and left sides the data were pooled together. The mean height & width of IAM at porous end was 4.5mm & 6.42mm respectively. The mean height & width of IAC at its middle portion was 4.04mm & 4.91mm respectively. The mean height & width of IAM at the fundus was 3.8mm and 4.60mm respectively. The superior length & inferior length was 8.60 & 8.70mm respectively. Conclusion:This study provides a ready reference for dimensions of IAM of adult dry skull in South Indian population. The present study confirms that there is difference in the dimensions of IAM among different races and regions and thus emphasizes the need to have normal data for our population.
Error-Based Teaching Approach Decreases Vessel Anastomosis Errors: A Pilot Study
Authors: de Haas Eric , Stone Jill P. , de Haas William , Schrag Christiaan H.
Published: November 2019

Background Microsurgical anastomosis of vessels is a challenging skill that surgical residents should practice on models before attempting in the clinical setting. These skills are often taught using synthetic materials, animal tissue, or live animal models. With increasing constraints on surgical resident's time, it is important to maximize efficiency of microsurgical training. The purpose of this study is to determine if teaching surgical residents about common vessel anastomosis errors decreases the total number of suture errors during a 4-day training course.

Methods Plastic surgery residents (R1–R3) were randomly assigned to receive additional teaching focused on either common microsurgical errors or traditional microsurgical manuals. The residents then performed anastomosis on rat femoral arteries in which the total number of sutures and errors were recorded by staff microsurgeons who were blinded to the intervention.

Results Residents who received teaching on common microsurgical errors performed a total of 73 sutures of which 12 were errors. The control group who studied using traditional microsurgical manuals performed a total of 125 sutures of which 38 were errors. There was a statistically significant decrease in the total number of suture errors (Fisher's exact test; p-value = 0.04) and in the number of partial depth bite errors (Fisher's exact test p-value = 0.03).

Conclusion Teaching surgical residents about common vessel anastomosis errors decreased the total number of errors when compared with traditional education methods using microsurgery manuals. Partial depth bite errors were also decreased through error-based teaching.
Pott’s Spine with Tubercular Meningitis and Primary Optic Atrophy: An Enigma with a Rare Cautionary Tale
Authors: Khan Khursheed Alam , Saraswat Kunj Bihari , Marbate Tushar , Gupta Ashok
Published: November 2019

Tuberculosis of spine, known as Pott’s spine, is a significant health risk. Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis with lack of timely interventions lead to serious neurological complications and is associated with morbidity and mortality. We present a case of Pott’s spine who developed tubercular meningitis with decreased vision due to primary optic atrophy, to highlight the significance of thorough clinical and neuroradiological workup with instillation of prompt antitubercular therapy in patients of central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS TB). This association of Pott’s spine with decreased vision secondary to primary optic atrophy due to tubercular involvement of the second cranial nerve is very rare. Here, associated risk factors, varied clinical presentations, complications, and treatment of CNS TB are reviewed.
Management of Hyperactive Delirium in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Case Series of Three Young Children
Authors: Jesus Anna O. , Jones Lotte , Linares Rebecca , Buck Marcia L. , Frank Deborah U.
Published: November 2019

Children in the intensive care unit (ICU) are at high risk of developing delirium, given their underlying disease processes, the adverse effects of treatments and medications, and the stressful, abnormal environment. If prevention and nonpharmacologic measures to treat delirium are unsuccessful, atypical antipsychotics are considered, although they are not approved by Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of pediatric delirium and could have significant adverse side effects. This case report presents three pediatric patients with hyperactive ICU delirium that risked life-threating complications who were successfully treated with short courses of atypical antipsychotic medications.
Endovascular Treatment of Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction after Liver Transplant
Authors: Pandhi Mithil B. , Lipnik Andrew J. , Niemeyer Matthew M.
Published: November 2019

Liver transplantation provides definitive treatment to address acute or chronic end-stage liver disease and its complications. Hepatic venous outflow obstruction is an infrequent complication of liver transplantation that affects graft survival by compromising outflow via transplant hepatic veins or inferior vena cava. It can occur in the early postoperative phase or in a delayed manner, resulting in venous congestion, graft dysfunction, graft failure, and death. This article addresses the pathophysiology of venous outflow obstruction as it relates to different surgical techniques and patient populations, the noninvasive tools for diagnosis, and the endovascular options for treatment along with their safety, efficacy, and durability.
Microphysiological systems modeling acute respiratory distress syndrome that capture mechanical force-induced injury-inflammation-repair
Authors: Viola Hannah , Chang Jonathan , Grunwell Jocelyn R. , Hecker Louise , Tirouvanziam Rabindra , Grotberg James B. , Takayama Shuichi
Published: November 2019

Complex in vitro models of the tissue microenvironment, termed microphysiological systems, have enormous potential to transform the process of discovering drugs and disease mechanisms. Such a paradigm shift is urgently needed in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), an acute lung condition with no successful therapies and a 40% mortality rate. Here, we consider how microphysiological systems could improve understanding of biological mechanisms driving ARDS and ultimately improve the success of therapies in clinical trials. We first discuss how microphysiological systems could explain the biological mechanisms underlying the segregation of ARDS patients into two clinically distinct phenotypes. Then, we contend that ARDS-mimetic microphysiological systems should recapitulate three critical aspects of the distal airway microenvironment, namely, mechanical force, inflammation, and fibrosis, and we review models that incorporate each of these aspects. Finally, we recognize the substantial challenges associated with combining inflammation, fibrosis, and/or mechanical force in microphysiological systems. Nevertheless, complex in vitro models are a novel paradigm for studying ARDS, and they could ultimately improve patient care.
Wake transitions of flexible foils in a viscous uniform flow
Authors: Kim Min Je , Lee Jae Hwa
Published: November 2019

The effects of flexibility on the wake structures of a foil under a heaving motion in a viscous uniform flow are numerically studied using an immersed boundary method. An inspection of the phase diagram of the wake structures in a map of the chord-length-based dimensionless heaving amplitude (AL) and Strouhal number (StL) shows that the wake transition boundaries of the rigid foil are well predicted by constant amplitude-based Strouhal number (StA) lines, similar to previous studies. However, the wake transition boundaries of the flexible foil are predictable by constant StA lines only for high StL cases. A large deformation angle of a flexible foil by the amplitude difference and phase difference between the leading and trailing edge cross-stream displacements reduces the effective leading edge velocity, with an accompanying decrease in the leading edge circulation. However, the trailing edge circulation for a flexible foil is increased due to increased trailing edge amplitude. The sum of the leading and trailing edge circulations plays an important role in determining the wake pattern behind a rigid and flexible foil, and wake transitions are observed beyond critical circulations. The decrease in the thrust coefficient for large values of StL and AL is closely associated with the generation of a complex wake pattern behind a foil, and the complex wake is a direct consequence of sufficiently large leading edge circulation. A critical effective phase velocity in a vortex dipole model is proposed to predict the maximum thrust coefficient without a complex wake pattern.
Combined temperature and density series for fluid-phase properties. II. Lennard-Jones spheres
Authors: Elliott J. Richard , Schultz Andrew J. , Kofke David A.
Published: November 2019

In Paper I [J. R. Elliott, A. J. Schultz, and D. A. Kofke, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 114110 (2015)] of this series, a methodology was presented for computing the coefficients of a power series of the Helmholtz energy in reciprocal temperature, β, through density series based on cluster integral expansions. Previously, power series in β were evaluated by thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) using molecular simulation of a reference fluid. The present methodology uses cluster integrals to evaluate coefficients of the density expansion at each individual order of temperature. While Paper I [J. R. Elliott, A. J. Schultz, and D. A. Kofke, J. Chem. Phys. 143, 114110 (2015)] developed this methodology for square well (SW) spheres, the present work extends the methodology to Lennard-Jones (LJ) spheres, where the reference fluid is the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potential. Comparisons of TPT coefficients computed from cluster integrals to those from molecular simulation show good agreement through third order in β when coefficients are expressed with effective approximants. Notably, the agreement for LJ spheres is much better than for SW spheres although fewer coefficients of the density series (B2–B5) are available than for SW spheres (B2–B6). The coefficients for Bi(β) of the reference fluid are shown to follow a simple relationship to the virial coefficients of hard sphere fluids, corrected for the temperature dependency of the equivalent hard sphere diameter. This lays the foundation for a correlation of the second virial coefficient of LJ spheres B2(β) that extrapolates to infinite order in temperature. This correlation of B2(β) provides a basis for estimating the low density limit of TPT coefficients at all orders in temperature, facilitating a recursive extrapolation formula to estimate TPT coefficients of fourth order and higher over the entire density range. The applicability of the resulting equation of state is demonstrated by computing the thermodynamic properties for LJ spheres and comparing to standard simulation results.
Plasma diagnostic tools for ECR ion sources—What can we learn from these experiments for the next generation sources
Authors: Tarvainen O. , Kalvas T. , Koivisto H. , Kronholm R. , Marttinen M. , Sakildien M. , Toivanen V. , Izotov I. , Skalyga V. , Angot J.
Published: November 2019

The order-of-magnitude performance leaps of ECR ion sources over the past decades result from improvements to the magnetic plasma confinement, increases in the microwave heating frequency, and techniques to stabilize the plasma at high densities. Parallel to the technical development of the ion sources themselves, significant effort has been directed into the development of their plasma diagnostic tools. We review the recent results of Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source (ECRIS) plasma diagnostics highlighting a number of selected examples of plasma density, electron energy distribution, and ion confinement time measurements, obtained mostly with the second-generation sources operating at frequencies from 10 to 18 GHz. The development of minimum-B ECR ion sources based on the superposition of solenoid and sextupole fields has long relied on semiempirical scaling laws for the strength of the magnetic field with increasing plasma heating frequency. This approach is becoming increasingly difficult with the looming limits of superconducting technologies being able to satisfy the magnetic field requirements at frequencies approaching 60 GHz. Thus, we discuss alternative ECRIS concepts and proposed modifications to existing sources that are supported by the current understanding derived from the plasma diagnostics experiments.
Optimization design of magnetic filter for the prototype RF negative ion source at ASIPP
Authors: Hu Chundong , Wang Qi , Wei Jianglong , Xie Yahong , Liang Lizhen , Xu Yongjian , Gu Yuming , Jiang Caichao
Published: November 2019

For a prestudy of the key science and technology of the RF negative ion source for fusion application, a negative RF ion source test facility was developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (ASIPP). The magnetic filter field in front of the extraction system plays an important role in reducing the loss of negative hydrogen ions and inhibiting coextraction of electrons. The existing filter field of the prototype ion source is generated by permanent magnets arranged on both sides of the expansion chamber; the gradient and the uniformity of the field are poor, resulting in a large plasma distribution unevenness in the experiment. In order to reduce the B→×∇B drift and the beam deflection, the plasma nonuniformity, and the beam alignment, its gradient should be as low as possible, especially near the Plasma Grid (PG), while its strength should be as low as possible inside both the driver and the extraction region. Hence, the magnetic filter field generated by the permanent magnet and the PG current with return wires is proposed. A finite element analysis method is used to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field throughout the ion source, especially the filter profile along the centerline perpendicular to the PG and the section parallel to the PG. Several cases were compared and the final design provides a more uniform magnetic field in the region within 70 mm above the plasma grid, while the field strength is around 5 mT and the integral BdL quantity is greater than 1.2 mTm.
Redox-based memristive devices for new computing paradigm
Authors: Dittmann R. , Strachan J. P.
Published: November 2019

Memristive devices have been a hot topic in nanoelectronics for the last two decades in both academia and industry. Originally proposed as digital (binary) nonvolatile random access memories, research in this field was predominantly driven by the search for higher performance solid-state drive technologies (e.g., flash replacement) or higher density memories (storage class memory). However, based on their large dynamic range in resistance with analog-tunability along with complex switching dynamics, memristive devices enable revolutionary novel functions and computing paradigms. We present the prospects, opportunities, and materials challenges of memristive devices in computing applications, both near and far terms. Memristive devices offer at least three main types of novel computing applications: in-memory computing, analog computing, and state dynamics. We will present the status in the understanding of the most common redox-based memristive devices while addressing the challenges that materials research will need to tackle in the future. In order to pave the way toward novel computing paradigms, a rational design of the materials stacks will be required, enabling nanoscale control over the ionic dynamics that gives these devices their variety of capabilities.
Analytical gradients and derivative couplings for dynamically weighted complete active space self-consistent field
Authors: Glover W. J. , Paz A. S. P. , Thongyod W. , Punwong C.
Published: November 2019

We recently introduced a Dynamically Weighted Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (DW-CASSCF) electronic structure for excited-state dynamics. In this Communication, we reformulate analytical gradients at this level of theory using a Lagrangian approach, thereby reducing the required number of coupled-perturbed CASSCF calculations to one per state gradient. In addition, we derive and implement derivative couplings at the DW-CASSCF level for the first time. We demonstrate the new formulation of DW-CASSCF gradients by optimizing a conical intersection for the p-hydroxybenzylidene-imidazolinone anion, the green fluorescent protein chromophore, to shed light on its observed radiationless decay dynamics in the ultraviolet region.
Referrals from primary care to community mental health teams: what’s missing?
Authors: Allwood Cath , O'Brien Anthony , Glue Paul
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTIONTransfer of care from primary to specialist mental health services almost always requires a referral by hardcopy letter or sent via a structured electronic form. The quality and content of referrals can vary, leading to delays in treatment.
AIMThe aim of the research was to explore the quality and content of referral letters received by two urban New Zealand community mental health teams.
METHODSA retrospective audit of 4 months’ worth of referrals (n=92) from primary care to specialist mental health services was undertaken using an audit tool created from a review of literature.
RESULTSThe audit identified gaps in the information provided by referrers, including a lack of evidence of treatment in primary care before referral, risk information, information relating to physical health concerns or co-existing problems, evidence of client consent to referral, and recording of ethnicity. Thirty-seven percent of referrals were considered to be of poor quality. Compared to hardcopy letters, referrals generated by an electronic referral system were of a better quality and contained more information. More than 40% of referrals were not accepted, although the reasons for this were not assessed as part of this audit.
DISCUSSIONBetter integration of primary and secondary mental health care by using electronic referral templates may reduce the number of inappropriate or incomplete referrals. Referrals from primary care to specialist mental health services vary in content and quality, with many falling below a level that specialist services can accept. This impacts on the efficacy of services and ultimately on patients’ journeys between primary and secondary care. Development of a standard referral template for use by primary care services may improve the quality of referrals.
Magnetic handshake materials as a scale-invariant platform for programmed self-assembly
Authors: Niu Ran , Du Chrisy Xiyu , Esposito Edward , Ng Jakin , Brenner Michael P. , McEuen Paul L. , Cohen Itai
Published: November 2019

Significance

Programmable self-assembly of smart, digital, and structurally complex materials from simple components remains a long-standing goal of material science. Here, we propose an assembly platform where information is encoded into building blocks using arrays of magnets that induce specific binding. Similar to current state-of-the-art platforms, magnetic encoding can achieve controlled polymerization of lone panels, complementary binding of panel strands, and 3D assembly of panel nets. This platform, however, has several advantages over current methods in that the approach is scale-invariant, has tunable mechanical strength, and has high information capacity for programmable self-assembly. We envision that this approach will lead to the formation of structures that transmit information, act as mechanical elements, or function as machines across length scales.
Inhibition of dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 perturbs 26S proteasome-addicted neoplastic progression
Authors: Banerjee Sourav , Wei Tiantian , Wang Jue , Lee Jenna J. , Gutierrez Haydee L. , Chapman Owen , Wiley Sandra E. , Mayfield Joshua E. , Tandon Vasudha , Juarez Edwin F. , Chavez Lukas , Liang Ruqi , Sah Robert L. , Costello Caitlin , Mesirov Jill P. , de la Vega Laureano , Cooper Kimberly L. , Dixon Jack E. , Xiao Junyu , Lei Xiaoguang
Published: November 2019

Dependence on the 26S proteasome is an Achilles’ heel for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and multiple myeloma (MM). The therapeutic proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, successfully targets MM but often leads to drug-resistant disease relapse and fails in breast cancer. Here we show that a 26S proteasome-regulating kinase, DYRK2, is a therapeutic target for both MM and TNBC. Genome editing or small-molecule mediated inhibition of DYRK2 significantly reduces 26S proteasome activity, bypasses bortezomib resistance, and dramatically delays in vivo tumor growth in MM and TNBC thereby promoting survival. We further characterized the ability of LDN192960, a potent and selective DYRK2-inhibitor, to alleviate tumor burden in vivo. The drug docks into the active site of DYRK2 and partially inhibits all 3 core peptidase activities of the proteasome. Our results suggest that targeting 26S proteasome regulators will pave the way for therapeutic strategies in MM and TNBC.
Systematic phenomics analysis of autism-associated genes reveals parallel networks underlying reversible impairments in habituation
Authors: McDiarmid Troy A. , Belmadani Manuel , Liang Joseph , Meili Fabian , Mathews Eleanor A. , Mullen Gregory P. , Hendi Ardalan , Wong Wan-Rong , Rand James B. , Mizumoto Kota , Haas Kurt , Pavlidis Paul , Rankin Catharine H.
Published: November 2019

A major challenge facing the genetics of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is the large and growing number of candidate risk genes and gene variants of unknown functional significance. Here, we used
Caenorhabditis elegans
to systematically functionally characterize ASD-associated genes in vivo. Using our custom machine vision system, we quantified 26 phenotypes spanning morphology, locomotion, tactile sensitivity, and habituation learning in 135 strains each carrying a mutation in an ortholog of an ASD-associated gene. We identified hundreds of genotype–phenotype relationships ranging from severe developmental delays and uncoordinated movement to subtle deficits in sensory and learning behaviors. We clustered genes by similarity in phenomic profiles and used epistasis analysis to discover parallel networks centered on
CHD8•chd-7
and
NLGN3•nlg-1
that underlie mechanosensory hyperresponsivity and impaired habituation learning. We then leveraged our data for in vivo functional assays to gauge missense variant effect. Expression of wild-type NLG-1 in
nlg-1
mutant
C. elegans
rescued their sensory and learning impairments. Testing the rescuing ability of conserved ASD-associated neuroligin variants revealed varied partial loss of function despite proper subcellular localization. Finally, we used CRISPR-Cas9 auxin-inducible degradation to determine that phenotypic abnormalities caused by developmental loss of NLG-1 can be reversed by adult expression. This work charts the phenotypic landscape of ASD-associated genes, offers in vivo variant functional assays, and potential therapeutic targets for ASD.
Evolutionary regain of lost gene circuit function
Authors: Kheir Gouda Mirna , Manhart Michael , Balázsi Gábor
Published: November 2019

Evolutionary reversibility—the ability to regain a lost function—is an important problem both in evolutionary and synthetic biology, where repairing natural or synthetic systems broken by evolutionary processes may be valuable. Here, we use a synthetic positive-feedback (PF) gene circuit integrated into haploid
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cells to test if the population can restore lost PF function. In previous evolution experiments, mutations in a gene eliminated the fitness costs of PF activation. Since PF activation also provides drug resistance, exposing such compromised or broken mutants to both drug and inducer should create selection pressure to regain drug resistance and possibly PF function. Indeed, evolving 7 PF mutant strains in the presence of drug revealed 3 adaptation scenarios through genomic, PF-external mutations that elevate PF basal expression, possibly by affecting transcription, translation, degradation, and other fundamental cellular processes. Nonfunctional mutants gained drug resistance without ever developing high expression, while quasifunctional and dysfunctional PF mutants developed high expression nongenetically, which then diminished, although more slowly for dysfunctional mutants where revertant clones arose. These results highlight how intracellular context, such as the growth rate, can affect regulatory network dynamics and evolutionary dynamics, which has important consequences for understanding the evolution of drug resistance and developing future synthetic biology applications.
Migrating bison engineer the green wave
Authors: Geremia Chris , Merkle Jerod A. , Eacker Daniel R. , Wallen Rick L. , White P. J. , Hebblewhite Mark , Kauffman Matthew J.
Published: November 2019

Newly emerging plants provide the best forage for herbivores. To exploit this fleeting resource, migrating herbivores align their movements to surf the wave of spring green-up. With new technology to track migrating animals, the Green Wave Hypothesis has steadily gained empirical support across a diversity of migratory taxa. This hypothesis assumes the green wave is controlled by variation in climate, weather, and topography, and its progression dictates the timing, pace, and extent of migrations. However, aggregate grazers that are also capable of engineering grassland ecosystems make some of the world’s most impressive migrations, and it is unclear how the green wave determines their movements. Here we show that Yellowstone’s bison (
Bison bison
) do not choreograph their migratory movements to the wave of spring green-up. Instead, bison modify the green wave as they migrate and graze. While most bison surfed during early spring, they eventually slowed and let the green wave pass them by. However, small-scale experiments indicated that feedback from grazing sustained forage quality. Most importantly, a 6-fold decadal shift in bison density revealed that intense grazing caused grasslands to green up faster, more intensely, and for a longer duration. Our finding broadens our understanding of the ways in which animal movements underpin the foraging benefit of migration. The widely accepted Green Wave Hypothesis needs to be revised to include large aggregate grazers that not only move to find forage, but also engineer plant phenology through grazing, thereby shaping their own migratory movements.
Calling Mr Speaker ‘Mr Speaker’
Authors: Bull Peter , Fetzer Anita , Kádár Dániel Z.
Published: November 2019

Prime Minister’s Questions (PMQs) in the UK House of Commons is a ritual event, governed by a cluster of conventions. Members of Parliament (MPs) must address their remarks to the Prime Minister (PM) through the medium of the Speaker of the House, who is responsible for maintaining order during debates, and determining which MP may speak next. Due to the sacred role of the Speaker and the prevalence of conventionalised conflict avoidance between the PM and those who ask challenging questions, PMQs resembles archaic tribal councils, in which rights and obligations prevail. Yet, the importance of conventionalised indirectness and the sacred role of the Speaker do not correlate with a lack of face-threats and challenges. PMQs represents an aggressive ritual setting in which the ritual roles and rules only offer a façade to package aggression, and indeed may operate as interactional resources whereby participants can even increase the efficiency of their verbal attacks. Thus, PMQs embodies a scene that ritual experts define as ‘anti-structural’ in character: in this setting, the normative expectation in daily life to avoid conflict is temporarily suspended, to such an extent that conflict has become the ritual norm and is regarded as quintessential to this parliamentary institution.
Short‐term effects of differential learning and contextual interference in a goalkeeper‐like task: Visuomotor response time and motor control
Authors: Serrien Ben , Tassignon Bruno , Verschueren Jo , Meeusen Romain , Baeyens Jean‐Pierre
Published: November 2019

In this experiment, we compared changes in visuomotor performance and motor control after a single session of differential learning (DL) and contextual interference (CI) in a reaching task to mimic goalkeeping. Subjects (nDL = nCI = 16) stood in front of a wall with six LED‐light targets that flashed on in a random order and subjects had to move their hand in front of it as fast as possible in order to extinguish the target. After the pre‐test subjects followed a DL or CI training session, followed immediately by a post‐test, followed by one hour of rest and a retention test. Performance and motor control were measured respectively by visuomotor response time (VMRT) and an Index of Motor Abundance (IMA; reflecting the strength of movement synergies) calculated with Uncontrolled Manifold analysis. A mixed‐effects Bayesian ANOVA model was used to evaluate differences in changes in both parameters between both training groups. Averaged over the six targets, the decrease in VMRT was stronger for DL than CI at the post‐test (interference effect) but not at retention. The IMA was on average increased at post‐ and retention test in both groups, indicating stronger synergies between the degrees‐of‐freedom. While the ANOVA for IMA was not conclusive, the changes were likely not different between both learning methods. Thus, while an interference effect was found for CI but not DL in terms of performance on the task, no such effect was observed on the behavioural level in terms of the strength of movement synergies.
Direct observation of paramagnetic spin fluctuations in LaFe13−xSix
Authors: Faske Tom , Radulov Iliya A , Hölzel Markus , Gutfleisch Oliver , Donner Wolfgang
Published: November 2019

Spin fluctuations are a crucial driving force for magnetic phase transitions, but their presence usually is indirectly deduced from macroscopic variables like volume, magnetization or electrical resistivity. Here we report on the direct observation of spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic regime of the magnetocaloric model system LaFe11.6Si1.4 in the form of neutron diffuse scattering. To confirm the magnetic origin of the diffuse scattering, we correlate the temperature dependence of the diffuse intensity with ac magnetic susceptibility and x-ray diffraction experiments under magnetic field. Strong spin fluctuations are already observable at 295 K and their presence alters the thermal contraction behavior of LaFe11.6Si1.4 down to the Curie temperature of the first-order magneto-structural transition at 190 K. We explain the influence of the spin fluctuation amplitude on the lattice parameter in the framework of the internal magnetic pressure model and find that the critical forced magnetostriction follows Takashi’s spin fluctuation theory for itinerant electron systems.
Folding points of unimodal inverse limit spaces
Authors: Alvin Lori , Anušić Ana , Bruin Henk , Činč Jernej
Published: November 2019

Williams’ work from the 1960s and 1970s provides a thorough understanding of hyperbolic one-dimensional attractors through their representation as inverse limits. In fact, point in a uniformly hyperbolic attractor has a neighbourhood that is homeomorphic to a Cantor set of open arcs. In order to understand the topology of non-uniformly hyperbolic attractors better, we study the existence and prevalence of points with more complicated local structures in simple models of planar attractors, focusing on unimodal inverse limits setting. Such points whose neighbourhoods are not homeomorphic to the product of a Cantor set and an open arc are called folding points. We distinguish between various types of folding points and study how the dynamics of the underlying unimodal map affects their structures. Specifically, we characterise unimodal inverse limit spaces for which every folding point is an endpoint.
Improving fast-particle confinement in quasi-axisymmetric stellarator optimization
Authors: Henneberg S A , Drevlak M , Helander P
Published: November 2019

A method to improve fast-particle confinement during quasi-axisymmetric stellarator optimization has been identified. Quasi-axisymmetric (qa) stellarator designs have improved neoclassical transport due to their special symmetry of the magnetic field strength. Previously, it has been shown that, in general, quasi-symmetry can only be obtained on one single flux surface (Garren and Boozer 1991 Phys. Fluids B 3 2805–21). Even though quasi-symmetry can be a crucial property of stellarator design, there is no established convention for choosing the flux surface on which this should be optimized. To address this question, the flux surface on which quasi-axisymmetry is optimized has been varied in a qa configuration. The optimal location was found to lie between half radius and the plasma edge, since this allows for two beneficial features: it increases the number of flux-surfaces with improved quasi-axisymmetry and it increases the volume enclosed by the flux surface with the best qa quality.
Practical issues of twin-field quantum key distribution
Authors: Lu Feng-Yu , Yin Zhen-Qiang , Wang Rong , Fan-Yuan Guan-Jie , Wang Shuang , He De-Yong , Chen Wei , Huang Wei , Xu Bing-Jie , Guo Guang-Can , Han Zheng-Fu
Published: November 2019

Twin-field quantum key distribution(TF-QKD) protocol and its variants, such as phase-matching QKD, sending-or-not-sending QKD and no phase post-selection TF-QKD(NPP-TFQKD), are very promising for long-distance applications. However, there are still some gaps between theory and practice in these protocols. Concretely, a finite-key size analysis is still missing, and the intensity fluctuations are not taken into account. To address the finite-key size effect, we first give the key rate of NPP-TFQKD against collective attack in finite-key size region and then prove it can be against coherent attack. To deal with the intensity fluctuations, we present an analytical formula of 4-intensity decoy state NPP-TFQKD and a practical intensity fluctuation model. Finally, through detailed simulations, we show NPP-TFQKD can still keep its superiority of high key rate and long achievable distance.