bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Homicide Followed by Suicide a Phenomenon in Itself? A Comparison of Homicide and Homicide–Suicide in Spain
Authors: Santos-Hermoso Jorge , González-Álvarez José Luis , García-Collantes Ángel , Alcázar-Córcoles Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2020

The phenomenon of homicide followed by suicide (HS) has a low prevalence worldwide, although the literature has identified that these cases represent a significant percentage in homicide subtypes such as intimate partner homicide or filicide. In the present study, HS ( n = 41) and homicides in which the perpetrator did not commit suicide after the event ( n = 556) are compared. The information was extracted from police reports of homicides committed in Spain between 2010 and 2012 and belonging to the jurisdictions of the National Police and Civil Guard. The results showed that out of the total number of homicides analyzed, HS accounted for 4.9%, which implies a rate of 0.05 per 100,000 inhabitants. The findings of the study show that the profile of a HS victim of a 52-year-old Spanish woman. The perpetrator is of Spanish origin, 50 years old, unemployed, or retired, with a mental disorder, and with substance use being uncommon at the time of the event. HS events take place at the perpetrator’s home, are related to interpersonal conflicts, involve a single perpetrator, several victims, and are mainly committed with a firearm. The findings are mostly consistent with previous studies and the prevalence of HS in the couple setting is highlighted (56.5%). However, the importance of studying cases outside of this setting is emphasized since it has been found that 30.5% of cases involve other family relationships and 13% occurred outside the domestic sphere.
Policy as Punishment and Distraction: The Double Helix of Racialized Sexual Harassment of Black Girls
Authors: Wilmot Jennifer M. , Migliarini Valentina , Ancy Annamma Subini
Published: December 2020

Black girls’ experiences with sexual harassment in schools remain critically understudied. To mediate this void, this study explored the role of educators and school policy as disrupting or perpetuating racialized sexual harassment toward them. Using a disability critical race theory (DisCrit) framework, we argue educator response and education policy create a nexus of subjugation that makes Black girls increasingly vulnerable to experience racialized sexual harassment at the hands of adults and peers, while largely failing to provide protection from or recourse for such harassment.
Insight into the structure of polystyrene-poly(methyl methacrylate) core-shell particles synthesized by seeded suspension polymerization
Authors: Rostami H , Abbasi F , Jalili K , Mehravar E , Najafpour M
Published: December 2020

Core-shell particles were synthesized employing seeded suspension polymerization. Suspension polystyrene (PS) particles were used as seeds, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was synthesized in the presence of polystyrene seeds. A combination of solvent extraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy techniques were employed to study the structure and morphology of synthesized particles. The results suggested a core-inner shell-outer shell structure for the synthesized particles in which the PS core was covered by a PMMA-rich inner shell and a very thin PS-rich outer shell. The size and concentration of PMMA domains decreased from the outer shell toward the core of the particle, and particle morphology was mainly controlled by the limitations to the diffusion of MMA through the polymer particle.
Book review: Ranganathan Namita, Understanding Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Sachdeva Suman
Published: December 2020

Ranganathan Namita, Understanding Childhood and Adolescence. New Delhi: SAGE Publications, 2020, 405 pages, ₹695, ISBN: 9789353882280.
Selection of optimal composition of MR fluid for a brake designed using MOGA optimization coupled with magnetic FEA analysis
Authors: Acharya Subash , Saini Tak Radhe Shyam , Sundaram Vishal , Kumar Hemantha
Published: December 2020

The design of Magnetorheological (MR) brake and the composition of MR fluid (MRF) used in it have a significant effect on its performance and hence an effort has been made in this study to determine the optimal dimensions of MR brake and composition of MRF suitable for the brake application. Initially, optimum parameters of MR brake were computed considering the properties of commercially available MRF 132DG fluid using multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) optimization. This was performed in MATLAB software coupled with magnetostatic analyses in ANSYS APDL software. The braking torque of designed MR brake utilizing MRF 132DG fluid was experimentally determined and validated with analytical ones. Further, selection of optimal composition of MRF was done considering In-house MRF samples composed of different combinations of particle mass fractions, mean particle diameters and base oil viscosities. A design of experiments (DOE) technique was employed and braking torque corresponding to the synthesized MRF samples at different speeds and current supplied were measured along with the variation of shaft speed during braking process. Grounded on the experimental results, using MOGA optimization technique, MRF composed of smaller sized iron particles (2.91 microns) with mass fraction of 80.95% and lower viscosity base oil (50 cSt) was selected as optimal composition of MRF for use in MR brake. Maximization of field induced braking torque and minimization of off-state torque were chosen as the objective functions for both the optimal design of MR brake and selection of optimal composition of MRF. Finally, the sedimentation stability of MRFs were investigated.
“You Can’t Ignore a Number This Big”: Gender, Risk, and Responsibility in Online Advocacy for Women’s Brain Health
Authors: Mohr Victoria , Kleinherenbrink Annelies , Varis Piia
Published: December 2020

Alzheimer’s disease affects more women than men and has therefore been highlighted as a women’s issue. However, there is much debate regarding the nature of this gap, with some studies pointing to sex/gender differences in longevity to explain the disparity. Against this background of empirical uncertainty, we ask how online women’s brain health campaigns position women as specifically at risk of developing the disease. Using a multimodal approach, we examine how these platforms relate womanhood to risk, prevention, and responsibility. Four main themes emerged: risk quantification, risk management, risk dispersion, and the gendering of risk. We confirm previous studies that identified a dual discourse in which Alzheimer’s is represented as both a catastrophic threat and as a fate that individuals can and must prevent. We find that both constructions are intensified on women-oriented platforms compared with nonspecific websites. Ethical implications of the individualization and gendering of risk and responsibility are discussed.
A Predictive Model of Intrinsic Factors Associated with Long-Stay Nursing Home Care After Hospitalization
Authors: Flanagan Jane , Boltz Marie , Ji Ming
Published: December 2020

We aimed to build a predictive model with intrinsic factors measured upon admission to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) post-acute care (PAC) to identify older adults transferred from SNFs to long-term care (LTC) instead of home. We analyzed data from Massachusetts in 23,662 persons admitted to SNFs from PAC in 2013. Explanatory logistic regression analysis identified single “intrinsic predictors” related to LTC placement. To assess overfitting, the logistic regression predictive model was cross-validated and evaluated by its receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A 12-variable predictive model with “intrinsic predictors” demonstrated both high in-sample and out-of-sample predictive accuracy in the receiver operating characteristic ROC and area under the ROC among patients at risk of LTC placement. This predictive model may be used for early identification of patients at risk for LTC after hospitalization in order to support targeted rehabilitative approaches and resource planning.
Intersections of Childhood Victimization Experiences, Gender, and Dominance: The Makings for Sexual Coercion Transnationally?
Authors: Delaney Aimée X.
Published: December 2020

Although the use of sexual violence has been widely researched, data on sexual offending tend to be limited. Since adverse childhood experiences have been found to be correlated with being a victim of sexually coercive behavior, more research is needed to understand the impact of adverse childhood experiences on the perpetration of sexually coercive behaviors. Yet, there is little published research explaining such risk factors for sexually coercive behaviors and even less transnationally. This study seeks to expand the current literature by exploring the impact of violence and dominance-based beliefs on sexually coercive behaviors. Using data from the International Dating Violence Survey, the results from multilevel modeling regression analysis indicate that beliefs in relational dominance moderate the relationship between violent childhood experiences and sexually coercive behaviors. More importantly, despite theoretical premises that men engage in more sexually coercive behaviors, the results found that sexually coercive behaviors are more prevalent among those who hold dominance-based belief systems over intimate partners regardless of gender. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Mainstream Protest Reporting in the Contemporary Media Environment: Exploring (In)Stability and Adherence to Protest Paradigm From 1998 to 2017
Authors: Gil-Lopez Teresa
Published: December 2020

This study uses content analysis of protest coverage and sourcing practices by five major U.S. daily newspapers over the past two decades (1998–2017) to examine the prevalence and evolution of a set of devices of representation present in news coverage of protest groups. They have been traditionally ascribed to a pattern of mainstream coverage deemed marginalizing of protest groups, the “protest paradigm.” The study concludes that the prevalence of marginalizing devices is stable over time, and that the degree of adherence to the paradigm in news stories systematically varies across protest type and geography. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Antecedents of tourist trip planning autonomy: The moderating effects of a global economic crisis
Authors: Fernández-Herrero Milagros , Hernández-Maestro Rosa María , González-Benito Óscar
Published: December 2020

With national data from tourists who reside in Spain, this article researches antecedents of tourist autonomy in trip planning, including both tourists’ characteristics and details of their trips. The results indicate positive relationships of tourists’ educational background and their travel experience with autonomy but negative relationships of trip length with autonomy. These data from Spain also highlight the role of the last global economic crisis, revealing its moderating influence on the relationships among several of the antecedent factors and autonomy. These results in turn have relevant managerial implications for tourism operators.
Corona crimes: How pandemic narratives change criminal landscapes
Authors: Sandberg Sveinung , Fondevila Gustavo
Published: December 2020

The epidemic psychology of pandemics creates an atmosphere of panic and fear that can expedite new laws and facilitate criminogenic narrative arousal. Using narrative criminology, we discuss crimes that emerged from pandemic narratives in the early phases of the disease in Mexico. We show how pandemic master narratives have unexpected criminogenic effects; can be negotiated to make them criminogenic; and are opposed by more fundamentally criminogenic counter-narratives. We also show how pandemics repurpose justifications for traditional crimes and offer an opportunity for narrative repositioning of “criminals”. Societal crises intensify the continuous narrative negotiation that always underlies the meaning of crime. Pandemics can therefore act as a prism through which social scientists can see how crime is an ongoing narrative accomplishment.
Treatment of Distal Forearm Fractures in Children
Authors: Sinikumpu J.-J. , Nietosvaara Y.
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims:

Distal forearm is the most common fracture location in the growing skeleton. The aim of this article is to describe the current practice of these fractures.

Materials and Methods:

Case series accompanied by experts’ opinion.

Results and Conclusion:

Most of these injuries are benign incomplete distal metaphyseal torus fractures best treated with a dorsal below elbow splint for 2–3 weeks with no follow-up. Completely displaced metaphyseal fractures in prepubertal children can be either immobilized in bayonet position after axial alignment or fixed with K-wires after reduction. Complete fractures of distal metaphysis in adolescents should heal in near anatomic alignment because remodeling is uncertain. We advocate reduction of most greenstick and complete fractures at the distal metaphyseal diaphyseal junction and radiographic follow-up to monitor fracture alignment. Physeal fractures in adolescents and intra-articular fractures in children of all ages should be anatomically reduced. We perform most of our osteosyntheses with K-wires.
The meaning of autonomy when living with dementia: A Q-method investigation
Authors: Wolfe Sarah E , Greenhill Beth , Butchard Sarah , Day Jennie
Published: December 2020

Background and Aims

Sensitivity to the rights of people with dementia is a key principle cited in the World Health Organisation’s global action plan on dementia. Some critics question whether rights-based approaches embody loose and ill-defined ideas incapable of bringing about meaningful change. Exercising the right to autonomy is considered a core problem for people living with dementia. The tradition of individual sovereignty dominates ideas about autonomy, although the person as an individual is not a cross-culturally universal concept. This study explored the viewpoints of people with dementia and family carers regarding the meaning of autonomy with a view to informing rights-based practice.

Methods

Twenty participants, people living with dementia and family carers, each conducted a Q-sort of statements regarding the meaning of autonomy. A by-person factor analysis was used to identify patterns in how the range of statements about autonomy were ranked.

Results

Three factors emerged: retaining independence and self-expression, accepting dependence but being included and opportunity for connection. There was some agreement across these different views regarding the importance of being given time to think before making decisions and being kept active.

Conclusions

This study highlights the need for a person-centred approach to supporting people with dementia to claim their rights and the importance of adopting a stance of curiosity and critical thinking in rights-based training and professional practice. The findings suggest a variety of meaningful stories of autonomy and the possibility of further developing existing rights-based frameworks for dementia care.
Did the 2011 Change to NFL Rookie Compensation Alter How Sunk Costs Affect Utilization?
Authors: Wesley Keefer Quinn Andrew
Published: December 2020

The 2011 NFL collective bargaining agreement introduced significant changes to rookie compensation, including a rookie wage scale. We test if the new rules changed how sunk costs affect utilization for drafted rookies. Our regression discontinuity results show a robust sunk-cost fallacy that is similar in magnitude to the one documented under the previous agreement. Second-round selections play significantly less than their first-round counterparts, as measured by percentage of games started, total snaps played, and percentage of snaps played. However, the effect is not evident beyond the rookie season. Additional results show coaching success and coaching changes are important factors.
T Cell Factor 4 Is Involved in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Regulating Long Non-Coding RNA HCP5
Authors: Wang Rui , Cai Jidong , Xie Shangnao , Zhao Chunlei , Wang Yi , Cao Deming , Li Gang
Published: December 2020

The annual incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma has increased dramatically. T cell factor 4 (TCF4) is an important component of Wnt signaling pathway.However, the role of TCF4 in PTC remains unknown. In this study, TCF4 was observed to overexpress in PTC patients and cells by qRT-PCR assay. The colony formation assay, Edu staining and transwell assay indicated thatoverexpression of TCF4 promoted cell proliferation and invasion of TCP-1 cells, whereas knockdown of TCF4 inhibited cell proliferation and invasion of IHH-4 cells. To investigate the mechanism of TCF4 in PTC cells, the luciferase assay demonstrated that TCF4 could modulate HCP5 expression. Besides, GLuc-ON promoter reporter assayproved that TCF4 could bind to HCP5 promoter. Further, knockdown of HCP5 could significantly up-regulated miR-15a, miR-216a-5p, miR-22-3p, miR-139-5p, miR-203, miR-27a-3p and miR-320, and down-regulated miR-186-5p in IHH-4 cells, which might be potential downstream of TFC4/HCP5 axis. In conclusion, up-regulation TCF4 can promote HCP5 expression via binding to HCP5 promoter. It may be the first time to prove that TCF4 regulates HCP5 in PTC, which provides a novel sight for treatment of PTC.
Clinical Characteristics and Prognostic Analysis of Patients With Signet Ring Cell Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Yu Jia Mi , Zhan Zhou Wei , Zhen Jing Xian , Wang Xiao Jie , Chen Yu , Lin Jing , Chen Ling , Chen Li Zhu , Huang Yu Fang , Guo Zeng Qing
Published: December 2020

We do not know the clinical and prognostic factors that influence the survival of patients with gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRC). Therefore, a retrospective review was undertaken of 219 patients with SRC who had undergone gastrectomy between January 2009 and December 2012 in our hospital. Patient age, sex, TNM stage, vessel carcinoma embolus, perineural invasion, tumor site and operation type, postoperative chemotherapy, and five-year overall survival were recorded and evaluated. In our study, 93 cases (42.5%) were signet ring cell carcinoma only, and 126 cases (57.5%) were signet ring cell carcinoma coexisting with other components (such as adenocarcinoma or mucus adenocarcinoma). Eighty-three patients were female, 136 were male, 46 occurred at the gastroesophageal junction (21.0%), 63 at the fundus/body (28.8%), 80 were antrum/pylorus (36.5%), and 30 were whole stomach (13.7%). The prognosis of gastric antrum/ pylorus cancer was the best (P < 0.05). There were 133 patients (60.7%) with stage III, and the single factor analysis showed that the earlier the stage, the better the prognosis. The overall five-year survival rate was 30.1% in all patients. One-hundred and 41 patients (64.4%) received D2 radical surgery, 64 (29.2%) received D1 radical operation, and 14 (6.4%) received palliative resection, and the patients who received D2 had the best overall survival (P < 0.05). The survival time of the paclitaxel-based regimen in postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy tended to be prolonged. There was no statistical difference in overall survival between the percentage of signet-ring cells and sex. In summary, age, tumor stage, and surgical resection combined with D2 lymphadenectomy were independent prognostic factors for SRC. Adjuvant chemotherapy with a paclitaxel-based regimen may improve the survival of patients with SRC.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in Breast Cancer Patients at a Medical Center in Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chin Chieh-Ying , Chen Yung-Hsiang , Wu Shin-Chung , Liu Chien-Ting , Lee Yun-Fang , Tsai Ming-Yen
Published: December 2020

Background

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming more common in medical practice, but little is known about the concurrent use of CAM and conventional treatment. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the types of CAM used and their prevalence in a regional patient cohort with breast cancer (BC).

Methods

BC patients were interviewed with a structured questionnaire survey on the use of CAM in southern Taiwan at an Integrative Breast Cancer Center (IBCC). The National Centre for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH) classification was used to group responses. Over a period of 8 months, all patients receiving treatment for cancer at the IBCC were approached.

Results

A total of 106 BC patients completed the survey (response rate: 79.7%). The prevalence of CAM use was 82.4%. Patients who were employed, were receiving radiotherapy and hormone therapy, and had cancer for a longer duration were more likely to use CAM ( P < .05). Multivariate analysis identified employment as an independent predictor of CAM use (OR = 6.92; 95% CI = 1.33-36.15). Dietary supplementation (n = 69, 82.1%) was the type of CAM most frequently used, followed by exercise (n = 48, 57.1%) and traditional Chinese medicine (n = 29, 34.5%). The main reason for using CAM was to ameliorate the side effects of conventional therapies. Almost half (46.4%) of these CAM users did not disclose that they were using it in medical consultations with their physicians. Most chose to use CAM due to recommendations from family and friends.

Conclusion

A large portion of BC patients at the IBCC undergoing anti-cancer treatment courses used CAM, but less than half discussed it with their physicians. Given the high prevalence of CAM, it would be justifiable to direct further resources toward this service so that cancer patients can benefit from a holistic approach to their treatment.
Our Metadata Problem and the Curation Crew Solution: Employing Non-Specialist Undergraduate Students in Data Remediation
Authors: Rhodes Marissa C.
Published: December 2020

This case study describes the challenges faced by A Journal of the Plague Year: An Archive of COVID-19 ( JOTPY) in achieving metadata consistency despite the project’s success at capturing rich metadata for its nearly 10,000 objects. The problem of inconsistency was amplified by JOTPY’s model of shared authority and its status as a global curatorial consortium with dozens of partners. JOTPY was able to address this issue of metadata consistency by employing, training, and tasking hourly student curators called the Curation Crew. The Curation Crew underwent rigorous curatorial training and was, despite their lack of experience in archival curation, able to achieve an impressive level of curatorial consistency. They are now recognized as JOTPY’s greatest quality control assets and have even begun to, themselves, contribute to the development of best practices. In addition to their data-cleaning tasks, the Curation Crew also directs its labors toward recording their own thoughts and feelings by generating several submissions per week. As metadata consistency improves, the Curation Crew’s labor is being redirected toward a wider range of tasks such as oral history transcription and targeted collecting.
The decoupled vector-control of PMSM based on nonlinear multi-input multi-output decoupling ADRC
Authors: Liu Yihua , Wen Jiayi , Xu Dacheng , Huang Zhijian , Zhou Hong
Published: December 2020

The Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is widely used in many fields. Aiming at nonlinearity, strong coupling and uncertainty of the PMSM, this paper proposes a nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) decoupling PMSM algorithm based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC). A Lower-Upper matrix factorization approach is introduced to solve a general inverse of the measured time-varying matrix in real-time decoupling ADRC. This PMSM is based on the vector control. First, the PMSM model and vector control are simulated. Then, a first-order ADRC is introduced and used to replace the PID controller in the d and q axis of PMSM respectively. The simulation shows that the replaced system has a smaller fluctuation, faster response and better stability. Finally, the nonlinear MIMO decoupling ADRC and its inverse matrix method are deduced. Then, the decoupling PMSM control based on ADRC is verified. The simulation shows that this system has a better static and dynamic performance, and it conforms to the PMSM characteristics better. All this shows that the nonlinear MIMO decoupling ADRC is a better strategy for the PMSM. The presented algorithm also has advantage in method compared with some recent results of decoupling PMSM control.
Measurement and simulation of fluid flow field in the pipe of magnetic capsule robot
Authors: Puhua Tang , Liang Liang , Yanghui Xiang
Published: December 2020

Through the combination of experimental measurement and CFD (computational fluid dynamics) method, the fluid flow characteristics in the pipe of magnetic capsule robot for intestinal tract are studied. The PIV (particle imaging velocimetry) system is used to measure the fluid flow field around the magnetic-controlled capsule robot under certain translational and rotational speeds, and the rich flow field information (streamline, velocity, and vorticity) is obtained. At the same time, the CFD software is used to calculate the corresponding flow field and the force acting on the capsule robot, and the calculated value is basically consistent with the experimental value. The results show that, driven by the external permanent magnet, the magnetic capsule robot makes corresponding precession movement in the pipe filled with silicone oil, and the movement track is wavy. When the pipe diameter is increased, the fluid streamline around the capsule robot is more stable, the vorticity value is smaller, the resistance and resisting moment of the capsule robot in the forward direction become smaller. The PIV measurement method and CFD method used in this paper can be applied to the fluid flow field measurement and mechanical analysis of the smaller size capsule robot in the liquid environment.
Where have all the followers gone?
Authors: Kempster Steve , Schedlitzki Doris , Edwards Gareth
Published: December 2020

In this short article, we explore and problematise the axiomatic assumption of follower in the field of leadership studies notably the leader–follower axiom as the essential foundation of much leadership theorising. We do so, firstly by drawing on our experiences of exploring followership conceptually, and secondly, by reviewing conversations with executive MBA students. From these sources, we argue that the absence of identifications with followership offers a challenge to leadership assumptions around the socio-materiality of followers and their relations with leaders within organisational contexts. This leads us to questions like: what if follower identifications do not typically exist or are rejected in everyday organisational working contexts – despite discursive labelling of individuals as followers or following practices? Would or should leadership research and its examination of leader–follower dynamics fundamentally change and in what ways? We explore these questions and suggest very different orientations that might appear with regards to notions of the leadership relationship, leading and following dynamics, practice-based attention to leadership and perhaps very different approaches to leadership development. Such a (re)appraisal of the leadership lexicon may move notions of follower identification out of social constructions of organisational leadership and towards social media (Facebook, Twitter and Instagram) – where the phenomenon of being a follower is ever present, but is redefined as a phenomenon of vicarious fantasy associated with interest, curiosity and entertainment.
Thiol-independent peptide ligation: A review of mechanisms
Authors: Bedford Colin T
Published: December 2020

The mechanisms of several types of thiol-independent peptide ligation reported over the past 14 years have been reviewed.
Combinatory transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells with flavonoid small molecule in acellular nerve graft promotes sciatic nerve regeneration
Authors: Li Wen-yuan , Jia Hua , Wang Zhen-Dong , Zhai Feng-guo , Sun Guang-da , Ma Duo , Liu Gui-Bo , Li Chun-Mei , Wang Ying
Published: December 2020

Previous animal studies have demonstrated that the flavonoid small-molecule TrkB agonist, 7, 8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), promotes axon regeneration in transected peripheral nerves. In the present study, we investigated the combined effects of 7, 8-DHF treatment and bone marrow-derived stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) engraftment into acellular nerve allografts (ANAs) and explore relevant mechanisms that may be involved. Our results show that TrkB and downstream ERK1/2 phosphorylation are increased upon 7, 8-DHF treatment compared to the negative control group. Also, 7, 8-DHF promotes proliferation, survival, and Schwann-like cell differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. While selective ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 suppressed the effect of upregulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and decreased cell proliferation, survival, and Schwann-like cell differentiation partially induced by 7, 8-DHF. In vivo, 7, 8-DHF promotes survival of transplanted BMSCs and upregulates axonal growth and myelination in regenerating ANAs. 7, 8-DHF+BMSCs also improved motor endplate density of target musculature. These benefits were associated with increased motor functional recovery. 7, 8-DHF+BMSCs significantly upregulated TrkB and ERK1/2 phosphorylation expression in regenerating ANA, and increased TrkB expression in the lumbar spinal cord. The mechanism of 7, 8-DHF action may be related to its ability to upregulate TrkB signaling, and downstream activation of survival signaling molecules ERK1/2 in the regenerating ANAs and spinal cord and improved survival of transplanted BMSCs. This study provides novel foundational data connecting the benefits of 7, 8-DHF treatment in neural injury and repair to BMSCs biology and function and demonstrates a potential combination approach for the treatment of injured peripheral nerve via nerve graft transplant.
Statin-associated anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy with dermatomyositis-like features: A case report
Authors: Lim Darosa , Landon-Cardinal Océane , Ellezam Benjamin , Belisle Annie , Genois Annie , Sirois Jennifer , Bourré-Tessier Josiane
Published: December 2020

Anti-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy is a subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy which may be associated with statin exposure. It presents with severe proximal muscle weakness, high creatine kinase levels and muscle fiber necrosis. Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins and immunosuppressants is often necessary. This entity is not commonly known among dermatologists as there are usually no extramuscular manifestations. We report a rare case of statin-associated anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy with dermatomyositis-like cutaneous features. The possibility of anti-HMGCR immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy should be considered in patients with cutaneous dermatomyositis-like features associated with severe proximal muscle weakness, highly elevated creatine kinase levels and possible statin exposure. This indicates the importance of muscle biopsy and specific autoantibody testing for accurate diagnosis, as well as significant therapeutic implications.
Mainstream Marginalization: Secret Political Organizing Through Social Media
Authors: Van Duyn Emily
Published: December 2020

Scholars have addressed how the socially marginalized, individuals with fringe viewpoints, or the politically marginalized in authoritarian regimes use social media to organize or connect in secret. Yet intensifying partisan polarization and prejudice in the United States has made it necessary to study how mainstream partisans in liberal democracies use social media to organize in secret. This study explores why mainstream partisans in the United States—average Republicans or Democrats—organize in secret online and analyzes the unique functions of social media for political organizing amid contextual marginalization. Through interviews with group leaders and a digital ethnography of a secret Facebook group in the United States, I find that mainstream partisans use social media to form secret political groups when they are the minority in their local community and that the online secret group serves several unique functions for members. First, the group operates as a community of solidarity for those reticent to disclose their political beliefs and as a community of contention to criticize and revitalize the minority Party in their region. The group also operates as a community of practice, allowing members to learn and rehearse communication among like-minded others. These findings hold implications for how scholars study communication in a digital and polarized era and how practitioners gauge public opinion.
The Use of Telegram for Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images: Gendered Affordances and the Construction of Masculinities
Authors: Semenzin Silvia , Bainotti Lucia
Published: December 2020

This article analyses the role of Telegram in orienting, amplifying, and normalizing the non-consensual diffusion of intimate images (NCII). We focus on the sense of anonymity, the platform’s weak regulation, and the possibility of creating large male communities, arguing that these affordances are “gendered affordances” as they orient male participants’ harassment behaviors and, in concert with an established misogynist culture, contribute to the reinstatement of hegemonic masculinity. The research draws on data collected through an online covert ethnography of Italian Telegram channels and groups.
Articulating Networked Citizenship on the Russian Internet: A Case for Competing Affordances
Authors: Lokot Tetyana
Published: December 2020

The Russian government’s crackdown on free speech online has seen social media users jailed and fined for publishing critical content. Digital rights activists have cautioned Russians to delete their accounts on platforms that cooperate with law enforcement, but also have advocated for the use of privacy and secure tools. How do these actions inform emergent articulations of networked citizenship in Russia? Using activity reports published online by the state Internet regulator and two digital activist groups, I conduct a narrative analysis of how both parties interpret networked citizenship. I find that the networked authoritarian Russian state embraces the ideal of the dutiful networked citizen online as visible, vulnerable, and controlled, exploiting the melding of public and private aspects of networked publics. Instead, Russian digital rights activists advocate for a self-actualizing networked citizen who exercises agency online by becoming less visible, often ephemeral, and therefore, more secure. This reinterpretation contests the traditional affordances of networked publics and questions conventional ideas of citizenship, agency, and digital rights in the context of non-democratic societies.
Analyzing Project Management Methods in Organizing Sports Events
Authors: Schnitzer Martin , Kronberger Kathrin , Bazzanella Filippo , Wenger Sebastian
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use and importance of project management (PM) methods in organizing sports events (SEs). Furthermore, the study analyzed differences in usage and importance of PM methods in relation to the type of SE. Finally, reasons for and obstacles to the implementation of PM methods in organizing SEs were identified. To assess the research questions, a quantitative survey ( n = 78) and a focus group discussion ( n = 5) were carried out. The results showed that PM methods were employed for SEs with higher usage and importance rates in large compared with small SEs. Requirements by event stakeholders, knowledge transfer, confidence building, progress control, and justification as well as opportunities to save money by introducing an improved planning process were identified as the main reasons for using PM in the organization of SEs. This study is the first work to provide an overview of the usage of specific PM methods in organizing SEs.
Transition-To-Adulthood Profiles and Well-Being: Similarities and Distinctions Among Urban and Remote Contexts
Authors: Boisvert Stéphanie , Dion Jacinthe , Poulin François , Blackburn Marie-Ève , Brault Marie-Christine , Gaudreault Marco , Auclair Julie
Published: December 2020

In this study, two different contexts were examined to identify and describe transition-to-adulthood profiles at age 25 (based on four adulthood markers) and to determine whether these profiles differ in well-being at age 25. Two French-Canadian samples (urban sample, N = 321; remote sample, N = 363) completed questionnaires at age 25 regarding adulthood markers (having left school, being a parent or expecting a child, having left the parental home, and being in a romantic relationship) and well-being (depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and self-esteem). A person-centered approach helped determine the presence of five distinct profiles for both samples: workers, parents, independent students, singles, late bloomers. The results indicated similarities and differences between contexts regarding the experience of transition to adulthood and demonstrated that youth’s well-being is associated with their profile and their context. This study contributes to the literature on emerging adulthood by describing heterogeneity in the transition to adulthood.
Systematic Review of Sleep Quality Before and After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair: Are Improvements Experienced and Maintained?
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Movasagghi Kamran , Rossi David M. , Polce Evan M. , Cohn Matthew R. , Karhade Aditya V. , Chahla Jorge
Published: December 2020

Background:

Poor sleep quality is prevalent among patients with rotator cuff tears (RCTs) and negatively influences the potential for healing and quality of life. However, there is a paucity of literature describing the magnitude and timing of changes in sleep quality after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR).

Purpose:

(1) To evaluate the prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR and (2) to determine the timing and magnitude of changes in sleep quality after RCR.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

PubMed, OVID/Medline, and Cochrane databases were queried in January 2020 for literature investigating the prevalence of poor sleep quality in patients with RCTs or changes in sleep quality after arthroscopic RCR. Data pertaining to study characteristics, risk of bias, sleep quality assessments, and clinical outcomes were extracted. A qualitative analysis of the prevalence of poor sleep quality and changes in sleep quality was performed.

Results:

A total of 8 studies (1034 patients) were included. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) ranged from 5.2 to 15.0 preoperatively among all studies, while the frequency of patients experiencing poor sleep quality ranged from 40.8% to 89.0% in 4 studies. Four studies reported the mean PSQI at a minimum of 6 months postoperatively, which ranged from 4.2 to 7.1. Four studies did not report the PSQI score or the proportion of patients who experienced poor postoperative sleep quality. One study evaluated the PSQI at 12 months postoperatively, which decreased to 4.2 from 5.8 at 6 months. One study evaluated the PSQI at 24 months postoperatively, which decreased to 5.5 from 6.2 at 6 months.

Conclusion:

Patients with RCTs have a high prevalence of poor sleep quality. Consistent improvements in sleep quality are observed in the 6 months after arthroscopic RCR, but there is limited evidence based on the available data to characterize changes in sleep quality beyond this time. More evidence is needed to characterize changes in sleep quality beyond 6 months and how these changes are perceived by this patient population.
Decline in Marriage Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States
Authors: Wagner Brandon G. , Choi Kate H. , Cohen Philip N.
Published: December 2020

In the social upheaval arising from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we do not yet know how union formation, particularly marriage, has been affected. Using administration records—marriage certificates and applications—gathered from settings representing a variety of COVID-19 experiences in the United States, the authors compare counts of recorded marriages in 2020 against those from the same period in 2019. There is a dramatic decrease in year-to-date cumulative marriages in 2020 compared with 2019 in each case. Similar patterns are observed for the Seattle metropolitan area when analyzing the cumulative number of marriage applications, a leading indicator of marriages in the near future. Year-to-date declines in marriage are unlikely to be due solely to closure of government agencies that administer marriage certification or reporting delays. Together, these findings suggest that marriage has declined during the COVID-19 outbreak and may continue to do so, at least in the short term.
The City as Museum: Guwahati’s Biodiversity Heritage as an Urban Opportunity
Authors: Pasari Mudita
Published: December 2020

Between the dialectic of nature and human intervention, we often discover ourselves being stuck between extremes. To see human intervention as either completely good or bad is a reductionist view which the author challenges through her work.

She accepts that concepts like climate change are slow processes, invisible in short time spans, hence difficult to grasp by humans. Her work strives to bring observation of change through positive reinforcement of small human actions which can have a beneficial ecological impact.

Using this method to encourage seeing as a tool to believing, the author has developed a relatability model which has proved effective in her work, so far. In this article, she presents the model in the context of a pilot project conducted in Guwahati, Assam.

The project documents a few endangered and common animal species in the city, hoping to highlight the coexistence of these as a form of natural heritage.
Impacts of Inflammation‐Based Prognostic Scores on Survival in Patients With Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Iuchi Hiroyuki , Kyutoku Takayuki , Ito Kotoko , Matsumoto Hayato , Ohori Junichiro , Yamashita Masaru
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate the predictive accuracies of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), neutrophil‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as prognostic factors for patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC).

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

University hospital.

Methods

The records of 106 patients who were histologically diagnosed with HSCC between January 2007 and December 2017 were reviewed. mGPS, NLR, and PLR were analyzed; univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the prognosis of overall survival (OS).

Results

The overall 5‐year survival rates of patients with mGPS0, mGPS1, and mGPS2 were 82.0%, 41.9%, and 13.5%, respectively. The overall 5‐year survival rates of patients with low and high NLRs and with low and high PLRs were 83.8%, 46.2%, 57.0%, and 59.1%, respectively. mGPS (P <. 001) and NLR (P <. 05) were independently associated with OS, whereas PLR was not. For stage IV HSCC, only mGPS was independently associated with OS (P =. 004).

Conclusion

mGPS is an excellent prognostic factor for patients with HSCC.
COVID-19—The Pandemic of the 21st Century and Correlation With Cardiovascular System—A Single Center Experience
Authors: Modi Ranjan , Khetrapal Shaan , Modi Sunil , Singh Abhishek Vikram , Mishra Nikesh
Published: December 2020

Objective:

To analyze the data of the cardiac comorbidities, investigational modalities, laboratory parameters, and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 related to cardiovascular system hospitalized in our center.

Methods:

Confirmed cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) COVID-19 infection by positive result on polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal sample, who were admitted to Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, Delhi, were included in the study. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, and test results related to cardiovascular diseases were collected and analyzed.

Results:

The study included 1012 patients, admitted in our institute with a COVID-19 positive report. The mean age of the patients was 54.6 ± 6.8 years. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1. The demographic characteristics included diabetes in 38%, hypertensives 45%, history of coronary artery disease 22%, and chronic kidney disease 30%. A total of 426 patients were all treated on HCQS. A total of 7 patients were primigravida with full term pregnancy. The patients were also stratified according to age and demographic characteristics were noted. The total number deceased were 41 with 971 patients making complete recovery. The results showed no change in QTc interval in survivors and nonsurvivors. D-dimer, ferritin, and LDH were raised in all nonsurvivors compared to survivors. Even thrombocytopenia and low albumin levels were noted in nonsurvivors.

Conclusions:

The study revealed no significant change in QTc interval in survivors and nonsurvivors on HCQS. Critically ill patients showed the trends of being underweight, low albumin levels, thrombocytopenia, raised D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ferritin levels. Further studies on larger numbers are needed to confirm these findings.
Dependency parsing of biomedical text with BERT
Authors: Kanerva Jenna , Ginter Filip , Pyysalo Sampo
Published: December 2020

Background: 

Syntactic analysis, or parsing, is a key task in natural language processing and a required component for many text mining approaches. In recent years, Universal Dependencies (UD) has emerged as the leading formalism for dependency parsing. While a number of recent tasks centering on UD have substantially advanced the state of the art in multilingual parsing, there has been only little study of parsing texts from specialized domains such as biomedicine.

Methods: 

We explore the application of state-of-the-art neural dependency parsing methods to biomedical text using the recently introduced CRAFT-SA shared task dataset. The CRAFT-SA task broadly follows the UD representation and recent UD task conventions, allowing us to fine-tune the UD-compatible Turku Neural Parser and UDify neural parsers to the task. We further evaluate the effect of transfer learning using a broad selection of BERT models, including several models pre-trained specifically for biomedical text processing.

Results: 

We find that recently introduced neural parsing technology is capable of generating highly accurate analyses of biomedical text, substantially improving on the best performance reported in the original CRAFT-SA shared task. We also find that initialization using a deep transfer learning model pre-trained on in-domain texts is key to maximizing the performance of the parsing methods.