bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid and label-free bacteria detection using a hybrid tri-layer dielectric integrated n-type organic field effect transistor
Authors: Dey Anamika , Singh Ashish , Dutta Deepanjalee , Ghosh Siddhartha Sankar , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: July 2019

An ultra-low voltage operated n-type OFET device that could detect and distinguish live bacteria with an LOD of 103 cfu mL−1 is developed.
Enzyme-triggered deshielding of nanoparticles and positive-charge mediated lysosomal escape for chemo/photo-combination therapy
Authors: Zhang X. Q. , Cai S. S. , He Y. M. , Zhang M. , Cao J. , Mei H. , Li S. , He B.
Published: July 2019

Smart nanoparticles with active-targeting, enzyme-triggered deshielding and positive-charge characteristics were fabricated for efficient chemo/photo-combination therapy.
Synergistic effect between electroactive tetraphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and AIE-active tetraphenylethylene for highly integrated electrochromic/electrofluorochromic performances
Authors: Sun Ningwei , Su Kaixin , Zhou Ziwei , Tian Xuzhou , Wang Daming , Vilbrandt Nicole , Fery Andreas , Lissel Franziska , Zhao Xiaogang , Chen Chunhai
Published: July 2019

A new design concept combines conjugated TPPA and AIE-active TPE units in an electroactive/fluorescent polymer with excellent properties: high fluorescence and on/off rates, superior cycling and long-term switching stability and fast response speed.
Instantaneous detection of explosive and toxic nitroaromatic compounds via donor–acceptor complexation
Authors: Lee Inkyu , Kwon Ji Eon , You Chungsuk , Kang Yeongkwon , Kim Bong-Gi
Published: July 2019

A porous membrane-type detection platform, fabricated with a carbazole-based fluorophore, was effective even at a 1.0 ppb TNT concentration.
Mechanochromic luminescence and color-tunable light-emitting devices of triphenylamine functionalized benzo[d,e]benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-7-one
Authors: Huang Bin , Jiang Dawei , Feng Yan , Chen Wen-Cheng , Zhang Ying , Cao Chen , Shen Dong , Ji Yigang , Wang Chen , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: July 2019

A novel donor–acceptor emitter exhibiting mechanochromic luminescence was used in light-emitting devices with tunable colors triggered by heat treatment.
A bacteriochlorin-diketopyrrolopyrrole triad as a donor for solution-processed bulk heterojunction organic solar cells
Authors: Ponsot Flavien , Bucher Léo , Desbois Nicolas , Rousselin Yoann , Mondal Pritam , Devillers Charles H. , Romieu Anthony , Gros Claude P. , Singhal Rahul , Sharma Ganesh D.
Published: July 2019

A bacteriochlorin-diketopyrrolopyrrole triad formally defined as an A–π–D–π–A electronic system is used as an efficient donor for bulk heterojunction solar cells, alone or combined to a diethynylpyrrole-based wide-bandgap small molecule donor.
Advancing next generation nanolithography with infiltration synthesis of hybrid nanocomposite resists
Authors: Tiwale Nikhil , Subramanian Ashwanth , Kisslinger Kim , Lu Ming , Kim Jiyoung , Stein Aaron , Nam Chang-Yong
Published: July 2019

Novel positive-tone hybrid resists developed by vapor-phase inorganic infiltration feature fully tunable resist performance parameters and high-aspect-ratio pattern transfer capability.
Effects of statin therapy on mean platelet volume in patients with risk of cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ji Shuaifei , Zhang Babo , Wang Xianda , Shi Heng , Yu Lixin , Wang Xiaocheng
Published: July 2019

Many studies have demonstrated the effects of statin therapy on platelet, but it is controversial that whether statin could reduce mean platelet volume (MPV) in patients with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. To further improve the clinical significance of MPV in those patients and explore new function of statin, we conducted this research. Relevant studies were selected by searching electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) and reference lists of related articles by hand. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and quality of the studies. Eventually, we included ten studies, a total of 1189 patients with the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Consolidating relevant data and comparing the changes of MPV before and after statin treatment, we found that statin could decrease MPV [standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.47 (−0.71–0.23)], which was statistically significant (P=0.0001). Subgroup analysis suggested that when ≥55 years, this decrease did not occur [SMD = −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06)]. Drug type, sample size, ethnicity, mean age and quality of included article were sources of heterogeneity. Therefore, statin therapy could reduce MPV significantly and exhibited antiplatelet activity, which is of great importance in clarifying the clinical significance of MPV in cardiovascular events and the prevention of cardiovascular events.
Strongly magnetic Ap stars in the Gaia DR2 Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
Authors: Scholz R.-D. , Chojnowski S. Drew , Hubrig S.
Published: July 2019

Context. Knowing the distribution of strongly magnetic Ap stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD) allows us to study the evolution of their magnetic fields across the main sequence (MS). With a newly extended Ap star sample from APOGEE and available Gaia DR2 data, we can now critically review the results of previous studies based on HIPPARCOS data.

Aims. To investigate our targets in the Gaia DR2 HRD, we need to define astrometric and photometric quality criteria to remove unreliable data from the HRD.

Methods. We used the Gaia DR2 renormalised unit weight error RUWE as our main quality criterion. We considered known (close) binaries in our sample compared to their (partly affected) astrometry and used the Gaia DR2 data to find common parallax and proper motion (CPPM) wide companions and open cluster members. We studied G, BP, and RP variability amplitudes and their significance as a function of magnitude. In colour-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) with absolute G magnitude (determined from inverted parallax) versus BP − RP colour and HRDs, where BP − RP is replaced by effective temperature, we studied the appearance of outliers with respect to their astrometric quality, binarity, and variability.

Results. We present a catalogue of 83 previously known and 154 new strongly magnetic Ap stars with Gaia DR2 data, including astrometric quality parameters, binary flags, information on cluster membership, variability amplitudes, and data from HIPPARCOS. Our astrometrically cleaned subsamples include 47 and 46 old and new Ap stars with parallaxes > 2 mas. Most of the known 26 binaries among all 237 stars and 14 out of 15 CMD/HRD outliers were excluded by astrometric criteria. The remaining 11 known binaries and a few highly variable objects mainly appear in the bright and red CMD/HRD parts. A CMD based on HIPPARCOS photometry and Gaia DR2 parallaxes shows a much more narrow distribution in the absolute V magnitudes of 75 common Ap stars over the full B − V colour range than the corresponding CMD based on HIPPARCOS parallaxes.
Wege in die Versorgung und Behandlungslatenzen bei stationären Patienten mit Anorexia und Bulimia nervosa
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Hupe Kerstin , Hessler Johannes Baltasar , Diedrich Alice , Huber Thomas , Rauh Elisabeth , Aita Stephen , Gärtner Thomas , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: July 2019

Ziel der Studie Die Untersuchung diente der Erfassung der Wege in die Versorgung sowie der Behandlungslatenzen von stationären Patienten mit Essstörungen.

Methodik 206 Patienten wurden anhand eines eigens erstellten Fragebogens befragt.

Ergebnisse Durchschnittlich vergingen nach Krankheitsbeginn bis zu 5 Jahre, bis eine Behandlung eingeleitet wurde. Die Diagnose einer Bulimia nervosa, ein höheres Alter und eine fehlende Problemwahrnehmung sagten höhere Behandlungslatenzen voraus.

Schlussfolgerung Die Behandlungslatenz sollte durch geeignete Maßnahmen verkürzt werden, um Chronifizierung zu vermeiden.
Psychopharmakamedikation in brandenburgischen Pflegeheimen – eine explorative Studie
Authors: May Susann , Greiner Timo , Thoma Samuel , von Peter Sebastian , Schwantes Ulrich , Rapp Michael A. , Heinze Martin , Dahling Volker
Published: July 2019

Ziel der Studie Psychopharmaka werden in Pflegeheimen oft verordnet und stellen zusammen mit allgemeiner Polypharmazie ein Risiko für unerwünschte Wirkungen und Arzneimittelwechselwirkungen dar.

Methodik Medikationsdaten (n = 398) wurden erhoben und Leitfadeninterviews bzw. Fokusgruppen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Etwa 70 % der Bewohner bekommen Psychopharmaka. Einfluss haben Arbeitsbelastung der Pflegenden, soziodemografische Entwicklung und Facharztmangel.

Schlussfolgerung Es muss ein Bewusstsein für Risiken durch Psychopharmaka geschaffen und gleichzeitig deren Reduktion angestrebt werden.
Zwangsmaßnahmen in der Psychiatrie – Auch lege artis durchgeführt besteht ein Risiko für Komplikationen
Authors: Kersting Xenia A. K. , Högenauer Hanna , Lam Alexandra P. , Janoschka Jonas , Philipsen Alexandra , Müller Helge H. O.
Published: July 2019

Zwangsmaßnahmen sind in der Psychiatrie das Mittel der letzten Wahl, wenn andere Maßnahmen versagen, um akute Gefahr für den Betroffenen oder das Umfeld abzuwenden. Dass trotz Einhalten aller Sicherheitsvorkehrungen Komplikationen auftreten können, zeigt der folgende Fall eines jungen Mannes, der aufgrund akuter Eigen- und Fremdgefährdung fixiert war und nach einem Lockerungsversuch, in dem er erneut bedrohlich fremdaggressiv agierte, bei der Refixierung einen „Segufix ®-Metalsockel“ verschluckte.
Relationship between Body Mass Index and Articular Injuries Accompanying Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear in Male Knees: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ulusoy Gökhan Ragıp , Kızılgöz Volkan , Sivrioğlu Ali Kemal
Published: July 2019

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of body mass index (BMI), as a modifiable risk factor, on meniscal, chondral, and ligamentous injuries, as well as on bone marrow edema accompanying anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. This retrospective observational study analyzed 84 male patients who underwent primary ACL reconstruction from 2015 to 2018. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 6 weeks of injury. Bone bruise, tendon, ligament, meniscal, and muscle injuries were evaluated. The surgery was performed within 3 months after the injury. Detailed arthroscopic findings (chondral, meniscal, and ligamentous injuries) were documented intraoperatively. The weight and height were used to quantify BMI (weight in kg/height in m2). Of the 84 male patients, 58 had associated articular injuries. The median age of the study population was 24 years (minimum: 17 years, maximum: 43 years) years. The mean BMI, height, and weight were 27.12 ± 0.78 kg/m2, 1.73 ± 0.01 m, and 81.17 ± 21.52 kg, respectively. The relationship between higher BMI and associated articular injuries (95% confidence interval [CI]) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). There was a statistically significant relationship between weight and associated articular injuries (p = 0.003). Height and age were not predictive factors. Higher BMI and weight were significant risk factors for associated articular injuries in the presence of ACL tear. Height was not found to be a predictive factor. Higher BMI was associated with increased risk of medial and/or lateral meniscus tears and bone bruising.
Scaphoid Fracture Patterns—Part One: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Drijkoningen Tessa , Mohamadi Amin , Luria Shai , Buijze Geert A.
Published: July 2019

Objective Using three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography models of acute scaphoid fractures, we looked for differences between volumetric size of the fracture fragments, recognizable groups, or a shared common fracture area.

Methods We studied 51 patients with an adequate computed tomography scan of an acute scaphoid fracture using 3D modeling. Fracture surfaces were identified and fragment volumetric size of the fracture fragments was measured. A principal component analysis was used to find groups. Density mapping was used to image probable common fracture areas in the scaphoid.

Results Forty-nine of 51 fractures had a similar pattern. It was not possible to identify subgroups based on fracture pattern. The mean volumetric size of the fracture fragments of the proximal (1.45 cm3 ± 0.49 cm3 standard deviation [SD]) and distal fracture fragments (1.53 cm3 ± 0.48 cm3 SD) was similar. There was a single common fracture area in the middle third of the bone. In the distal third, there were no horizontal fractures through—but only directly proximal to—the tubercle suggesting that these would be best classified as distal waist fractures.

Conclusion Acute scaphoid fractures mainly occur in the middle third of the bone and tend to divide the scaphoid in half by volumetric size of the fracture fragments. There were two distinct grouping patterns: fractures through the proximal and middle third were horizontal oblique, whereas fractures of the distal third were vertical oblique. It seems that scaphoid fractures might be classified into proximal pole fractures, a range of waist fractures, and tubercle avulsion fractures.

Level of evidence This is a Level IV study.
Enhancing image quality of ghost imaging by fuzzy c-means clustering method
Authors: Zhou Yang , Zhang Tian , Zhong Fei , Guo Shuxu
Published: July 2019

We presented a novel ghost imaging scheme based on fuzzy c-means clustering (FCM) to reduce measurements and improve the visibility of the reconstruction image. Different from the GI methods, the FCM model is first employed to partition the intensity values of the reference light path and probe light path. Then, the relative speckle patterns and bucket intensity values are selected with respect to the clustering results. Finally, the object can be obtained by conventional GI methods. From the considerable simulations and experimental results, we conclude that the proposed scheme can enhance the visibility of the reconstruction image by using much fewer data from measurements compared with the existing GI methods.
Using a two-stage approach to improving accuracy of resonance fatigue tests for large-scale wind turbine blades
Authors: Zhang Jinbo , Shi Kezhong , Li Xingxing , Yang Ke
Published: July 2019

The increasing size and complexity of wind turbine blade designs challenge the ability of traditional fatigue testing methods to accurately and efficiently reproduce load distributions representative of real world conditions. A new two-stage approach is proposed. In the first stage, the blade is subjected to a dual-axis resonance test, where additional masses are mounted to the blade to control the bending moment distribution. In the second stage, part of the blade is removed, allowing it to be exercised at a higher frequency and for more damage to be applied to the root and transitional sections. The results of the proposed method were compared with those of traditional testing methods for 38 m and 60 m blades. The results indicate that the new methods have the potential to significantly improve accuracy, but the testing duration will increase.
Controllable and tunable multiple optomechanically induced transparency and Fano resonance mediated by different mechanical resonators
Authors: Chen Hua-Jun , Zhao De-Ming , Wu Hong-Wei , Xu Hua-Feng
Published: July 2019

We demonstrate the multiple optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) and Fano resonance in a hybrid optomechanical system, in which an optical cavity is coupled to two mechanical resonators with interaction (such as Coulomb interaction) via radiation pressure. The probe transmission spectra experience the transition from single-mode OMIT to multiple OMIT with controlling the interaction of the two resonators, and we discuss the robustness of the system against the cavity decay rate. Compared with the situation of without considering the interaction of the two resonators, the transmission spectra present asymmetric Fano line shapes via manipulating the optomechanical coupling strengths between the optical cavity and the two resonators with taking into account the resonator interaction. Furthermore, we compare the results of identical mechanical resonators with the same mass and frequencies to different mechanical resonators with different mass and frequencies. The results indicate that the probe transmission spectra undergo a series of transition from Fano resonances to OMIT by controlling the different mechanical resonators as well as the interaction between the two mechanical resonators, and we can present a scheme to determine the resonator interaction via measuring the peaks splitting. Finally, the transparency windows in the probe transmission spectrum are accompanied by the rapid normal phase dispersion under different mechanical resonators, which may indicate the slow and fast light effect.
Efficient demultiplexed single-photon source with a quantum dot coupled to a nanophotonic waveguide
Authors: Hummel Thomas , Ouellet-Plamondon Claudéric , Ugur Ela , Kulkova Irina , Lund-Hansen Toke , Broome Matthew A. , Uppu Ravitej , Lodahl Peter
Published: July 2019

Planar nanostructures allow near-ideal extraction of emission from a quantum emitter embedded within, thereby realizing deterministic single-photon sources. Such a source can be transformed into M single-photon sources by implementing active temporal-to-spatial mode demultiplexing. We report on the realization of such a demultiplexed source based on a quantum dot embedded in a nanophotonic waveguide. Efficient outcoupling (>60%) from the waveguide into a single mode optical fiber is obtained with high-efficiency grating couplers. As a proof-of-concept, active demultiplexing into M = 4 spatial channels is demonstrated by the use of electro-optic modulators with an end-to-end efficiency of >81% into single-mode fibers. Overall, we demonstrate four-photon coincidence rates of >1 Hz even under nonresonant excitation of the quantum dot. The main limitation of the current source is the residual population of other exciton transitions, which corresponds to a finite preparation efficiency of the desired transition. We quantitatively extract a preparation efficiency of 15% using the second-order correlation function measurements. The experiment highlights the applicability of planar nanostructures as efficient multiphoton sources through temporal-to-spatial demultiplexing and lays out a clear path way of how to scale up toward demonstrating quantum advantages with the quantum dot sources.
Observation of topological Hall effect in antiferromagnetic FeRh film
Authors: Zhang Sheng , Xia Siyu , Cao Qingqi , Wang Dunhui , Liu Ronghua , Du Youwei
Published: July 2019

Noncollinear magnetic structures can give rise to peculiar Hall effects and hold promise for next-generation spintronic devices. We report the observation of the topological Hall effect (THE) through electrical transport measurements in antiferromagnetic B2-ordered FeRh thin films grown by sputtering techniques on a MgO (001) substrate. Combining with the spin glass behavior below the metamagnetic transition temperature from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism, we ascribe THE to the emergence of noncollinear spin texture arising from the competitions among various exchange interactions in the antiferromagnetic state. This observation opens the possibility to discover the topological Hall effect in centrosymmetric antiferromagnets in contrast to the widely reported B20-type chiral magnets, promoting the application of antiferromagnets in spintronic devices.
Single photon source based on an InGaN quantum dot in a site-controlled optical horn structure
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Wang Ping , Wang Tao , Li Duo , Chen Zhaoying , Chen Ling , Gao Kang , Li Mo , Zhang Jian , Ge Weikun , Arakawa Yasuhiko , Shen Bo , Holmes Mark , Wang Xinqiang
Published: July 2019

We report the realization of single photon emission from an InGaN quantum dot in a GaN inverted truncated-pyramid structure: a single photon horn. The structural parameters of the quantum dots, especially the quantum confinement in the (0001) direction, are well controlled by optimizing the planar single InGaN quantum well to be of ∼2 monolayers. Based on conventional nanoimprint pillars combining with a simple regrowth process, the single photon horn structure is realized with an efficient photon emission of 8 × 105 photons/s while still maintaining a g(2)(0) < 0.5 even at an extremely low excitation power of 35 nW (4.5 W cm−2).
Evaluation of the effects of otolith sampling strategies and ageing error on estimation of the age composition and growth curve for Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis
Authors: Chang Yi-Jay , Hsu Jhen , Shiao Jen-Chieh , Chang Shui-Kai
Published: July 2019

The age composition of the catch and the growth curve of a stock are fundamentally important in fish stock assessment, but these estimates are subject to various sources of uncertainty. Using the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) fisheries in the waters off Taiwan as an example, we developed a Monte Carlo simulation model to evaluate the effects of four otolith sampling methods (random otolith sampling, ROS; fixed otolith sampling, FOS; proportional otolith sampling, POS; and reweighting otolith sampling, REW), and ageing error (bias and imprecision) on estimations of age composition and growth curves. The results indicated that FOS has the lowest sampling accuracy, POS performs the best and that ROS is a more efficient method with lower estimation error. For an imprecise reader, the centre (median) of multiple age reads is a useful method to obtain accurate and precise estimates. Ageing bias had greater effects on the estimation of age composition and growth parameters than ageing imprecision or the selection of otolith sampling methods. In most cases, 500 otoliths should be an adequate sample size and could be the guideline for the biological sampling program of the T. orientalis Catch Documentation Scheme.
Fire behaviour and smoke modelling: model improvement and measurement needs for next-generation smoke research and forecasting systems
Authors: Liu Yongqiang , Kochanski Adam , Baker Kirk R. , Mell William , Linn Rodman , Paugam Ronan , Mandel Jan , Fournier Aime , Jenkins Mary Ann , Goodrick Scott , Achtemeier Gary , Zhao Fengjun , Ottmar Roger , French Nancy H. F. , Larkin Narasimhan , Brown Timothy , Hudak Andrew , Dickinson Matthew , Potter Brian , Clements Craig , Urbanski Shawn , Prichard Susan , Watts Adam , McNamara Derek
Published: July 2019

There is an urgent need for next-generation smoke research and forecasting (SRF) systems to meet the challenges of the growing air quality, health and safety concerns associated with wildland fire emissions. This review paper presents simulations and experiments of hypothetical prescribed burns with a suite of selected fire behaviour and smoke models and identifies major issues for model improvement and the most critical observational needs. The results are used to understand the new and improved capability required for the next-generation SRF systems and to support the design of the Fire and Smoke Model Evaluation Experiment (FASMEE) and other field campaigns. The next-generation SRF systems should have more coupling of fire, smoke and atmospheric processes. The development of the coupling capability requires comprehensive and spatially and temporally integrated measurements across the various disciplines to characterise flame and energy structure (e.g. individual cells, vertical heat profile and the height of well-mixing flaming gases), smoke structure (vertical distributions and multiple subplumes), ambient air processes (smoke eddy, entrainment and radiative effects of smoke aerosols) and fire emissions (for different fuel types and combustion conditions from flaming to residual smouldering), as well as night-time processes (smoke drainage and super-fog formation).
Ocean governance, integrated maritime security and its impact in the Gulf of Guinea: a lesson for Nigeria’s maritime sector and economy
Authors: Anoziea Chinyere , Umahi Timothy , Onuoha Godwin , Nwafor Ndubuisi , Alozie Onyedikachi Josiah
Published: July 2019

This article examines ocean governance in relation to issues of maritime security and transportation in Nigeria and highlights the contributions of the Gulf of Guinea Commission in addressing maritime security challenges plaguing the region. The efforts to tackle various crimes at sea show the extent to which an integrated response strategy on the part of States can help to overcome the scourge. The article recommends solutions the government in collaboration with neighbouring States and regulatory agencies at regional and national levels can employ in order to achieve effective ocean governance and economic development through an integrated maritime strategy and policy
The subversive rug or how art reconciles with suffering in the postcolonial Maghreb: a reading of Laila Lalami’s ‘The Storyteller’
Authors: Mami Fouad
Published: July 2019

Research on illegal immigration rarely checks the postmodernist propulsions that hinge on postcolonial subjects and their choices. In the following essay on Laila Lalami’s last piece, titled: ‘The Storyteller’ inHope and Other Dangerous Pursuits(2005), an argument is specified through the Moroccan-American author carefully tracing Murad’s rise from the dregs of angst. This rise reflects the lives of disenchanted Maghrebi youths seeking illegal immigration orharr’gaas part of impinging postmodernism on postcolonial experience. Embracing the future in Murad’s circumstances could be possible via affective, not cognitive, means, by investing in cultural memory. Following his deportation from Spain, Murad, the failedharr’ag, becomes emotionally damaged, a force of destruction propelling his own annihilation. Only when abiding by the story he learned from his deceased father does he notice his chances of reconciling with suffering. Through the medieval story of Ghomari, the rug weaver, whose art brought down a despot, Murad shakes off the two American tourists’ emotional oversight of what it means to be postcolonial. Eventually, Murad decides to become a writer: an artist and dreamer. By combining phenomenological, existential, and mythical insights, the essay highlights how Lalami’s story leads readers to discover an empowering narrative for the Maghrebi youth; affective empowerment rooted in shouldering responsibility and emulating the mythic hero.
Does enhanced footwear comfort affect oxygen consumption and running biomechanics?
Authors: Lindorfer Julia , Kröll Josef , Schwameder Hermann
Published: July 2019

Comfort as an essential parameter for running footwear is gaining importance in footwear research and development, and has also been proposed to decrease injury rate and improve metabolic demand in the paradigm of the comfort filter. The aims of this study were to determine differences in oxygen consumption and biomechanical variables associated with lower extremity injuries in response to running shoes of differing comfort. Fifteen male runners attended two testing sessions including an incremental lactate threshold test, a comfort assessment and treadmill running trials for the biomechanical and physiological measurements. Statistical analyses were performed on oxygen consumption, spatio‐temporal variables including foot‐ground angle and coupling angle variability of 12 couplings in five stride phases. No decrease in oxygen consumption was found in the most preferred shoe condition. Investigation of potential biomechanical contributors to changes in metabolic demands revealed differences in the stride rate between the most and least preferred condition. In coupling angle variability analyses, only one coupling (ankle dorsiflexion/plantarflexion to knee varus/valgus) yielded a significant difference between conditions in the phase including the touch down. Based on the findings of this study, previous suggestions regarding positive effects of enhanced footwear comfort during running cannot be supported – neither on economy nor on injury prevention perspective. However, a prospective study of lower extremity injury combined with measurements of biomechanical and physiological variables seems to be required for a definite support or contradiction of the comfort filter.
Polarized electron-beam acceleration driven by vortex laser pulses
Authors: Wu Yitong , Ji Liangliang , Geng Xuesong , Yu Qin , Wang Nengwen , Feng Bo , Guo Zhao , Wang Weiqing , Qin Chengyu , Yan Xue , Zhang Lingang , Thomas Johannes , Hützen Anna , Büscher Markus , Rakitzis T Peter , Pukhov Alexander , Shen Baifei , Li Ruxin
Published: July 2019

We propose a new approach based on an all-optical set-up for generating relativistic polarized electron beams via vortex Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) laser-driven wakefield acceleration. Using a pre-polarized gas target, we find that the topology of the vortex wakefield resolves the depolarization issue of the injected electrons. In full three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, incorporating the spin dynamics via the Thomas-Bargmann Michel Telegdi equation, the LG laser preserves the electron spin polarization by more than 80% while assuring efficient electron injection. The method releases the limit on beam flux for polarized electron acceleration and promises more than an order of magnitude boost in peak flux, as compared to Gaussian beams. These results suggest a promising table-top method to produce energetic polarized electron beams.
Localisation and transport in bidimensional random models with separable Hamiltonians
Authors: Corona-Patricio G , Kuhl U , Mortessagne F , Vignolo P , Tessieri L
Published: July 2019

We consider two bidimensional random models characterised by the following features: (a) their Hamiltonians are separable in polar coordinates and (b) the random part of the potential depends either on the angular coordinate or on the radial one, but not on both. The disorder correspondingly localises the angular or the radial part of the eigenfunctions. We analyse the analogies and the differences which exist between the selected 2D models and their 1D counterparts. We show how the analogies allow one to use correlated disorder to design a localisation length with pre-defined energy dependence and to produce directional localisation of the wavefunctions in models with angular disorder. We also discuss the importance of finite-size and resonance effects in shaping the eigenfunctions of the model with angular disorder; for the model with disorder associated to the radial variable we show under what conditions the localisation length coincides with the expression valid in the 1D case.
Kovats Retention Index analysis of flavor and fragrance compound using Biplot Statistical method in gas chromatography systems
Authors: Idroes R , Japnur A F , Suhendra R , Rusyana A
Published: July 2019

A lot of retention parameters have been introduced and used in chromatographic instrumentation analysis, one of which is the retention index. Retention index is a secondary parameter which in its calculation requires data retention time and dead time. This study uses data from flavor and fragrance retention indices with a variation of columns, boiling points and log Kow which aims to identify the level of similarity between compounds based on retention index using biplot statistical method. Biplot analysis is used to view object relationships based on the variables. The results showed that biplot could describe the relationship of a compound as an object and its retention index as a variable of 99.45 %. Based on the results, the compounds can be classified into three groups. The first group has a specific retention index that is lower than other groups. The second group has a high Log Kow whereas the third group is dominated by the influence of DB-Wax column compared to other columns. Columns DB-1, OV-101, and DB-5 have a positive correlation with the correlation level close to 1.00.
Isolation of Pectin from coffee pulp Arabica Gayo for the development of matrices membrane
Authors: Hasanah U , Setyowati M , Edwarsyah  , Efendi R , Safitri E , Idroes R , Heng L Y , Sani N D
Published: July 2019

Pectin from Arabica Gayo coffee pulp has been successfully isolated using citric acid as a solvent. The pectin extracted from the coffee pulp is determined by the extraction conditions. This study aims to produce pectin from dried coffee extract using citric acid using two factors, namely the difference factor of citric acid (1: 5 and 1: 20 b/v) and extraction time 75 and 150 minutes. The optimum ratio of Arabica Gayo coffee pulp with citric acid was 1:20 b/v with rendemen 7,8 % with 125 minute extraction time and at the temperature of 80 °C and pH 4. The methoxyl content of isolated pectin was 12.71 % and has been determined as high methoxyl pectin (HMP). The result of analysis with FTIR is known that the extract produced is pectin with comparison with pectin standard. The pectin has been used as a matrix membrane and showed its smooth surface gel form and smaller diameter from scanning electron microscopy (SEM).1
Deposition of polydopamine on the surface of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane as A UV-Shielding layer
Authors: Muchtar S , Wahab M , Mulyati S , Riza M , Arahman N
Published: July 2019

This paper discusses about the influence of polydopamine layer in enhancing UV resistance of PVDF membrane for membrane photocatalytic reactor application. The PVDF membrane was prepared by common NIPS method using DMAc as a solvent and PEG as a pore-forming additive. The polydopamine layer was deposited on the membrane surface by the facile dip-coating method through Tris-buffered dopamine polymerization. The UV-shielding effect of PDA layer was studied by comparing the changes in pure and PDA coated membrane coating before and after UV irradiation. The studied effects are in terms of changes in chemical, morphological structure and mechanical properties which observed by means of ATR-FTIR, FESEM instrumental analysis, and tensile measurement, respectively. The IR analysis showed that after PDA coating, the membrane surface is rich of catecholamine groups which greatly contributed as free radical scavengers. The change in chemical structure was seen on pure membrane which attributed to the rearrangement of polymer chemical structure caused by UV-induced photodegradation. FESEM imaging results showed that with PDA coating the membrane surface showed minimal damage in comparison to that of non-coated PVDF membrane. These results altogether confirmed, that the PDA layer can protect the membrane surface from UV-initiated free radicals attack.
Phytochemical screening and In vitro Cytotoxic activity of Hexane extract of Temurui (Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng) leaves against Human Cervical Cancer (HeLa) cell line
Authors: Amna U , Halimatussakdiah H , Wahyuningsih P , Saidi N , Nasution R , Astryna S Y
Published: July 2019

Cancer is a chronic disease caused by the growth of abnormal cells in body tissues and includes the second deadly disease in the world where the number of sufferers increases every year. Some chemotherapy prevention agents using synthetic drugs have been used to treat cancer, but it is relatively expensive and cause poisoning that limits their use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and develop natural anticancer drugs from hexane extract of Temurui (M. koenigii (Linn.) Spreng) leaves. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of terpenoids and steroids. Then, the hexane extract of Temurui leaves was screened for in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cell line by using the MTT assay. The result showed a very strong cytotoxic activity effect with CD50 values less than 1 μg/ml. This indicated as a potent cytotoxic activity agent for HeLa cancer cells. Therefore, it is expected to conduct further research for cytotoxic test of other cancer cell lines so that it could be developed as raw materials for the manufacture of new drugs.
Synthesis of Kieserite fertilizer by using natural magnesite Ore as raw material
Authors: Mulana F , Mustanir  , Fuadi Z
Published: July 2019

Magnesite ore is one kind of rare minerals that can be found in area of Aceh Besar District Province of Aceh, NTT Province and Southeast Sulawesi Province. The further treatment of this rare magnesite mineral containing mainly magnesium to form kieserite fertilizer product with composition magnesium and sulphur would be more benefit. The purpose of this study is to synthesize kieserite fertilizer from magnesite ore as raw material with addition of sulphur and to see whether the composition of prepared product meet the specification of kieserite fertilizer as stated in SNI 02-2807-1992. The synthesis was carried out by mixing the treated natural magnesite ore and the solid sulphur in a ball mill. The product of kieserite fertilizer was then analyzed according to SNI 02-2807-1992. The results showed that kieserite fertilizer can be produced from raw material of magnesite ore and a product met the SNI 02-2807-1992. The prospective product of kieserite fertilizer was obtained after mixing magnesite ore with addition 20 wt% of solid sulphur. The composition of prepared kieserite fertilizer was in range of 26.72 - 30.20 wt% for MgO, 20.29 - 23.93 wt% for S and 0.40 - 0.76 wt% for free water content with the prospective product composition was 30.20 wt% for MgO, 23.93 wt% for S and 0.45 wt% for free water content.
Effect of H2SO4 concentration on cellulose isolation from palm empty fruit bunches.
Authors: Nilawati N , Rahmi R , Desiyana L S
Published: July 2019

Isolation of cellulose from palm empty fruit bunches had been conducted. Isolation was conducted with H2O2 30% and H2SO4 with various concentrations (20, 30, 40, and 50%). Hydrolysis and bleaching processes were performed for 90 minutes. The obtained cellulose was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR analysis confirmed the typical bands of cellulose in the sample. XRD patterns showed increasing H2SO4 concentration on hydrolysis process increased crystallinity of cellulose. However, at H2SO4 concentration more than 40% the crystallinity of cellulose reduced. It was due to the reduction of crystalline part of cellulose.
Low density composite board from sugarcane residue and polymer of high density polyethylene
Authors: Sofyana  , Hisbullah  , Alam P N , Zuhra
Published: July 2019

Bagasse is one of biomass wastes often found in the sugar industry. In large quantities, such wastes are a problem for environmental sustainability because it is not handled properly. Likewise, plastic wastes are an environmental problem with difficulty coping. Both of these wastes can be integrated into a product with economic value by processing it into a composite board. The research aims to produce low-density composite boards and to study the process variables that influence its manufacturing process, namely the compressing temperature and Maleic Anhydride (MAH) as a coupling agent. HDPE plastic waste will be tested as an adhesive for the manufacture of composite boards. The composite board is made by preparing the raw material with the drying of the sugarcane residue and the dissolving of the plastic waste using xylene solvent. Furthermore, the mixing process is carried out with various coupling agents by 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%, as well as the hot press temperatures by 160, 180, and 200°C. The results showed that the optimum value of the hot press temperature of the composite board was 160°C with 10% coupling agent concentration. The value of the thickness expansion was in the range of 0.0021–0.0153%, the water absorption was 0.067–0.640%, and the average density was 449.80 kg/m3. Its MOE was 92.188–459.901 Mpa, the MOR was in the range of 1.92–3.07 Mpa, and the DSC analyses were 5.3 and 23.52 KJ/g at 2% and 10% MAH concentrations, respectively. The physical and mechanical tests of the composite board obtained have fulfilled the standard of SNI 03-2105-1996 with the exception for MOR.
Characterizing mode choice behaviors of the evacuees during emergency evacuation using a Logistic regression model
Authors: Sugiarto S , Lulusi  , Isya M , Taufik  , Haiqal M
Published: July 2019

The most crucial transportation components in studying individual decision-making behavior are mode choice that used by evacuees. Especially in typical emerging countries which private motorized transport is mostly used in daily activities. Mode choice evacuation behavior is viewed as one of the essential aspects in a transportation disaster planning. This study is aiming to investigate an individual’s preferences for selecting motorized and non-motorized modes for their evacuation during imaginary tsunami evacuation. The Stated Preference (SP) experimental data were collected in Kuta Raja sub-district, one of the most exposed sub-district in Banda Aceh. Binary logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the effects of several factors quantitatively and to identify the dominant factor that affected evacuation mode choice. The empirical result depicts that mode choice used by evacuee during an emergency evacuation is suggestively associated to the socio-demographic attributes such as male gender, age, government employee, low-income household, household member and motorcycle owned. It found that the medium-income households substantially rely on motorcycle mode for their evacuation. The more motorcycle owned within the household, the more likelihood of using motorcycle for their evacuation. The male gender and government employee also has a statistically positive correlation to the explanatory power of motorized transport used to evacuate.
Spatial extension as a housing strategy in Kampung Kota: A case study from Kampung Kingkit, central Jakarta
Authors: Kurniasari P , Gabe R T , Adianto J
Published: July 2019

The massive flood of urbanization implicates the shortage of affordable housing for low-income people in the big cities, especially in Jakarta. To live and survive in Jakarta, the kampung kota becomes the housing solution rather than problems, due to its ability in providing low-cost housing. While it solves the affordability and the proximity to job location issues, this type of settlement is responsible for several wicked problems to its dwellers, such as space scarcity. Additionally, it creates inevitable health and social problems. In order to overcome these ever-growing problems, the dwellers develop an adaptable social system, which takes form as a spatial extension in the alley for domestic and social activities. This paper takes Gang Kingkit (Central Jakarta) as one of the high-density kampung kota settlements to examine the type of spatial extension and how dwellers produce it. Through in-depth interview and direct observation, we discover that there is a social system which allows several types of spatial extension to emerge simultaneously or reciprocally in public space. The social systems are embedded and manifested in the distinctive spatial system, which effectively minimizes the problems of living in kampung kota.
Defensible space in urban housing in Indonesia
Authors: Muhyi M M , Gabe R T , Adianto J
Published: July 2019

Security in the housing is considered as one of the most important things in the fulfillment of occupant’s needs. However, there are still many cases of criminality that still occur in urban housing. Defensible space is a concept of residential environment design that is able to prevent crime. Through literature study methods, field observations, and interviews, this paper discusses how defensible space is created in urban housing in Indonesia as well as its effect on the quality of security created between two different types of organic dwellings in Bogor City. The explanation starts from the identification of physical characteristics that create territoriality, natural surveillance, image, and milieu. Then, the social and physical condition are associated with their effects on people’s behaviors. The result of our discovery is that physical and social conditions create the whole defensible space condition. In the middle-class urban housing, the environment condition still opens the opportunity for the criminals to commit the crime because the defensible space is not created as a whole. Contrarily, this is created in the lower-class urban housing as a whole. Therefore, the environment condition is free from any crime.
Influence of material application to wayfinding issue in underground station design
Authors: Fatinah A A , Kusuma N R , Arvanda E
Published: July 2019

Getting lost and disoriented due to the lack of legibility of the space are common problems found in underground stations. Wayfinding inside underground stations is often thought as being solely supported by the presence of signage and directory maps as the tools that help users to understand their orientation and route better. However, the influence of materials on wayfinding in underground stations is often overlooked. Hence this paper presents a comprehensive examination of literature studies and an analysis on Dhoby Ghaut Station in Singapore as case studies. This station serves three interchange MRT lines and complex routes, which renders wayfinding issues even more urgent. The goal of this paper is to examine the potential of contrasting the material application for effective wayfinding inside the underground station. To identify aspects regarding the impact of selection and placement of materials applied (on floors, walls, and ceilings of underground stations), literature and case study are carried out. The results indicate that the materials used in underground station influences wayfinding in varying degrees.
A review of vertical evacuation on tsunami mitigation case
Authors: Haiqal M , Sari L H , Evalina Z , Hasibuan P
Published: July 2019

Banda Aceh City was hit by a tsunami at the end of 2004. The experience of this great disaster directly or indirectly has led to many problems that are a must in finding the right solution. It is very important to do in order to minimize the disaster victims of the tsunami in the future. During the rehabilitation and reconstruction period after the 2004 earthquake and tsunami, between 2005 until now, various mitigation efforts have been carried out. One of the tsunami mitigation efforts is to build tsunami evacuation buildings. The city of Banda Aceh is one of the cities in Indonesia that has vertical tsunami evacuation facilities such as escape building. Although it still does not meet the expected availability standards, it can be called the right initial step for Banda Aceh City in the face of the tsunami disaster in the future. However, its existence will be in vain if the community does not use it to its full potential in their daily activities. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the escape building for vertical evacuation based on some supporting literature reviews.
Optimal conditions for selective reduction process of Nickel Laterite Ore
Authors: Nurjaman F , Sa’adah A , Suharno B
Published: July 2019

A low-grade nickel laterite ore from Indonesia was selected to investigate the effect of temperature and time of reduction upon the extraction of nickel through the selective reduction-magnetic separation process to produce the ferronickel. The nickel ore was mixed with5 wt.% of anthracite coal and 10 wt.% of sodium sulfate additive. The mixed ore was pelletized into 10-15 mm of diameter. A series of selective reduction processes were carried out into the pellet ores at various temperatures of 950-1150 °C for 60-120 minutes. The optimal selective reduction parameters of nickel laterite ore were observed clearly. The experimental results indicated that the reduction reactions proceed more completely at a higher temperature and longer reduction time. The optimum of nickel grade and recovery in the ferronickel concentrate was obtained at the reduction temperature of 1150 °C for 120 minutes, which was 8.45% and 72.1%, respectively. The increasing of temperatures and times of reduction process resulted in higher of troilite phase formation which suppressed the iron metallization and also increased the ferronickel particle size.