bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NCCN Guidelines Insights: Prostate Cancer, Version 1.2021
Authors: Schaeffer Edward , Srinivas Sandy , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Bekelman Justin E. , Cheng Heather , D’Amico Anthony Victor , Davis Brian J. , Desai Neil , Dorff Tanya , Eastham James A. , Farrington Thomas A. , Gao Xin , Horwitz Eric Mark , Ippolito Joseph E. , Kuettel Michael R. , Lang Joshua M. , McKay Rana , McKenney Jesse , Netto George , Penson David F. , Pow-Sang Julio M. , Reiter Robert , Richey Sylvia , Roach, III Mack , Rosenfeld Stan , Shabsigh Ahmad , Spratt Daniel E. , Teply Benjamin A. , Tward Jonathan , Shead Dorothy A. , Freedman-Cass Deborah A.
Published: February 2021

The NCCN Guidelines for Prostate Cancer address staging and risk assessment after a prostate cancer diagnosis and include management options for localized, regional, and metastatic disease. Recommendations for disease monitoring and treatment of recurrent disease are also included. The NCCN Prostate Cancer Panel meets annually to reevaluate and update their recommendations based on new clinical data and input from within NCCN Member Institutions and from external entities. This article summarizes the panel’s discussions for the 2021 update of the guidelines with regard to systemic therapy for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Political and Metaphysical: Reflections on Identity, Education, and Justice
Authors: Bialystok Lauren
Published: February 2021

John Rawls (1985) famously argued that social justice ought not to concern itself with the metaphysical disputes that separate us as groups and individuals. Identity is supposed to be irrelevant to the deliberations of free and equal citizens. Since the recent turn toward right-wing populism, renewed attention has been devoted to the place of identity in contemporary Western societies. In this paper, building on key philosophical accounts of identity, I argue against both political liberalism’s confidence in identity-blind justice and some contemporary conceits of social justice education, according to which identity is the beginning and end of normative judgments. In the first section I show how identity appeals to a notional horizon of authenticity against which specific claims are adjudicated, and which takes on normative significance in its own right. I then consider two examples of recent controversies in Canada over the meaning of Indigenous identity and gender identity, respectively, which reveal latent tensions in the pursuit of social justice. In the final section I sketch the implications of these tensions for school-based education and the role of education in advancing identity talk more generally.
La adaptación de La Celestina de Luis Escobar y Huberto Pérez de la Ossa. Un análisis formal
Authors: Bastianes María
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo se propone estudiar la adaptación escénica de La Celestina que en el año 1957 realizaron Luis Escobar y Huberto Pérez de la Ossa para el montaje con el que el Teatro Eslava reabrió sus puertas. A partir de un modelo inspirado en el esquema de análisis de textos dramáticos de José Luis García Barrientos, las consideraciones de María Rosa Lida de Malkiel acerca de los recursos teatrales en la obra de Rojas y un método de cómputo de intervenciones similar al empleado por José Romera Castillo para estudiar la versión de Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, se ofrece un estudio detallado de lo que podríamos denominar rasgos formales de la dramaturgia, para diferenciarlos de aquellos motivados por el control de la censura.
Los orígenes del arcipreste de Talavera y del primer acto de La Celestina
Authors: Cáseda Teresa Jesús Fernando
Published: February 2021

Este artículo estudia los orígenes familiares de Alfonso Martínez de Toledo, posible autor del primer acto de La Celestina. Aporta algunos datos de interés sobre su biografía en relación con la composición de la obra y analiza su formación literaria. Establezco su proximidad al fenómeno teatral, especialmente a Piccolomini, a Petrarca y a la comedia humanística italiana y su labor al frente de las representaciones teatrales en Toledo durante los años cincuenta del siglo XV. Y añado algunas interesantes coincidencias de carácter lingüístico y literario entre el Corbacho y La Celestina.
Exposición «La Celestina» (1499) y Picasso (1968)
Authors: Gastañaga Ponce de León José Luis
Published: February 2021

N/A
Celestina: Documento bibliográfico (suplemento número 41)
Authors: Saguar García Amaranta , Paolini Devid
Published: February 2021

N/A
Desnaturando o licenciamento ambiental: a inconstitucionalidade dos prazos previstos no projeto de lei n. 654/2015
Authors: Cirne Mariana Barbosa , Fernandes Isabella Maria Martins
Published: February 2021

O licenciamento ambiental está no centro dos debates legislativos brasileiros. Apesar disso, nem sempre os pesquisadores do Direito se preocupam com a formação das leis. Diante dessa lacuna, este artigo pretende analisar contribuir para o debate legislativo ao demonstrar que os prazos estabelecidos para o licenciamento ambiental no projeto de lei nº 654/2015 do Senado Federal ofendem a constituição, por desnaturar este instrumento técnico e impossibilitar que se evite, mitigue ou compense a possível degradação ambiental causada por atividades ou obras. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica e de jurisprudência do Supremo Tribunal Federal sobre o tema, conjugada com a análise dos argumentos do processo legislativo, pretende-se demonstrar que a definição de prazos exíguos e peremptórios para a análise do licenciamento ambiental são inconstitucionais devido à inobservância do licenciamento como um instrumento técnico e necessário à garantia do direito fundamental constitucional de proteção ambiental intergeracional.
Crime e compensação: uma análise do insider trading no Brasil
Authors: Deodato Felipe , Mascarenhas Igor De Lucena , Carvalho Patricia
Published: February 2021

Este texto busca fomentar discussão a respeito da figura do insider trading, o detentor de informação privilegiada em negociação de ações, no âmbito da legislação brasileira. Em vários países essa prática do insider é condenada, pois acarreta um desequilíbrio nas transações de agências. Nos EUA a prática do insider vem regulada em rígidas disposições legais, dentre elas no Securities Exchange Act, ao passo que no Brasil a legislação é extremamente tolerante e insuficiente para dissuadir e prevenir a conduta penalmente tipificada. Torna-se imperiosa a revisão da legislação nacional para endurecer as penalidades e, sobretudo, tornar a fiscalização mais efetiva.
Baklagillerde simbiyotik kök nodül gelişimi
Authors: YÜZBAŞIOĞLU Elif
Published: February 2021

Baklagiller hem insan ve hayvan beslenmesi, hem de toprak verimliliğinin arttırılması yönünden önemli bir doğal kaynaktır. Baklagillerin ayırt edici bir özelliği de, çeşitli gram negatif kök nodül bakterileri ile azot- fiksasyonu simbiyotik ortaklığı kurma yetenekleridir. Bakteri ve bitki arasında gerçekleşen bu simbiyotik ilişki, bitkinin kök dokusunda özelleşmiş bir yapı olan nodül dokusu içerisinde gerçekleşmektedir. Nodül oluşumu, bitki kökleri tarafından salgılanan flavonoid sentezi ile başlayarak, bitki ve bakteri arasında gerçekleşen oldukça karmaşık bir dizi sinyal ilişkisini içermektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, bitki köklerinde oluşan nodül dokusunun oluşum mekanizması ayrıntılı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır.
INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF SbSeI UNDER HIGH PRESSURE BY FIRST PRINCIPLES CALCULATIONS
Authors: ÖZER Tahsin
Published: February 2021

The structural parameters, electronic structure, and charge density distribution of SbSeI compound under hydrostatic pressure of 0-200 kBar were investigated for the first time. Quantum Espresso software (QE) was used for all calculations. The electronic band structure calculations show that the forbidden band gap of the SbSeI compound has an indirect band in the 0-40 kBar pressure range and a direct band in the 80-200 kBar pressure range. The SbSeI compound is thought to undergo a possible structural phase transition at a pressure in the range of 40-80 kBar.
Rab5 and Rab11 maintain hematopoietic homeostasis by restricting multiple signaling pathways in Drosophila
Authors: Yu Shichao , Luo Fangzhou , Jin Li Hua
Published: February 2021

The hematopoietic system ofDrosophilais a powerful genetic model for studying hematopoiesis, and vesicle trafficking is important for signal transduction during various developmental processes; however, its interaction with hematopoiesis is currently largely unknown. In this article, we selected three endosome markers, Rab5, Rab7, and Rab11, that play a key role in membrane trafficking and determined whether they participate in hematopoiesis. InhibitingRab5orRab11in hemocytes or the cortical zone (CZ) significantly induced cell overproliferation and lamellocyte formation in circulating hemocytes and lymph glands and disrupted blood cell progenitor maintenance. Lamellocyte formation involves the JNK, Toll, and Ras/EGFR signaling pathways. Notably, lamellocyte formation was also associated with JNK-dependent autophagy. In conclusion, we identified Rab5 and Rab11 as novel regulators of hematopoiesis, and our results advance the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the maintenance of hematopoietic homeostasis as well as the pathology of blood disorders such as leukemia.
Developmental hourglass and heterochronic shifts in fin and limb development
Authors: Onimaru Koh , Tatsumi Kaori , Tanegashima Chiharu , Kadota Mitsutaka , Nishimura Osamu , Kuraku Shigehiro
Published: February 2021

How genetic changes are linked to morphological novelties and developmental constraints remains elusive. Here, we investigate genetic apparatuses that distinguish fish fins from tetrapod limbs by analyzing transcriptomes and open-chromatin regions (OCRs). Specifically, we compared mouse forelimb buds with the pectoral fin buds of an elasmobranch, the brown-banded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum). A transcriptomic comparison with an accurate orthology map revealed both a mass heterochrony and hourglass-shaped conservation of gene expression between fins and limbs. Furthermore, open-chromatin analysis suggested that access to conserved regulatory sequences is transiently increased during mid-stage limb development. During this stage, stage-specific and tissue-specific OCRs were also enriched. Together, early and late stages of fin/limb development are more permissive to mutations than middle stages, which may have contributed to major morphological changes during the fin-to-limb evolution. We hypothesize that the middle stages are constrained by regulatory complexity that results from dynamic and tissue-specific transcriptional controls.
The Europeanisation of Spanish Administrative Law through the Principle of Legitimate Expectations
Authors: Jiménez Luis Arroyo , Pascual Gabriel Doménech
Published: February 2021

This article describes the Europeanisation of Spanish administrative law as a result of the influence of the EU law general principle of legitimate expectations. It examines, firstly, whether the formal incorporation of the principle of legitimate expectations into national legislation
and case law has modified the substance of the latter, and if so, secondly, whether this has led to a weaker or a more robust protection of the legal status quo. To carry out that examination, the article considers the influence of the principle of legitimate expectations in two different
areas: in individual administrative decision-making, and in legislative and administrative rulemaking. Our conclusion is that the Europeanisation of Spanish administrative law through the principle of legitimate expectations has been variable and ambiguous.
Evaluation of resistance to wheat stem rust and identification of resistance genes in wheat lines from Heilongjiang province
Authors: Lin Qiujun , Gao Yue , Wu Xianxin , Ni Xinyu , Chen Rongzhen , Xuan Yuanhu , Li Tianya
Published: February 2021

Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, (Pgt) is a devastating disease in wheat production. The disease has been effectively controlled since the 1970s due to the widespread use of the Sr31 resistance gene. However, Sr31 has lost its effectiveness following the emergence and spread of the Ug99 race variants. Therefore, there is an urgent global effort to identify new germplasm resources effective against those races. In this study, the resistance to Pgt of 95 wheat advance lines from Heilongjiang Province was evaluated using three predominant races of Pgt, 21C3CTTTM, 34C0MKGSM, and 34C3MTGQM, in China at the seedling and adult plant stage. The presence of 6 Sr genes (Sr2, Sr24, Sr25, Sr26, Sr31, and Sr38) was evaluated using linked molecular markers. The results showed that 86 (90.5%) wheat lines had plant stage resistance to all three races. Molecular marker analysis showed that 24 wheat lines likely carried Sr38, 15 wheat lines likely carried Sr2, 11 wheat lines likely carried Sr31, while none of the wheat lines carried Sr24, Sr25, or Sr26. Furthermore, six out of the 95 wheat lines tested carried both Sr2 and Sr38, three contained both Sr31 and Sr38, and two wheat lines contained both Sr2 and Sr31. Wheat lines with known Sr genes may be used as donor parents for further breeding programs to provide resistance to stem rust.
Prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em idosas frequentadoras da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade – UATI
Authors: Leal Aires Pimentel Elisa , De Brito Oliveira Jocyel , Dos Anjos Santana Aline , Maia Lorena , Estrela Ramos Helton
Published: February 2021

Introdução: este artigo trata-se da prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em idosas frequentadoras da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade. Objetivo: avaliar as prevalências de sobrepeso e de obesidade associadas a fatores socioeconômicos e presença de comorbidades, em uma amostra de idosas não institucionalizadas de Salvador-BA, Brasil. Metodologia: um estudo transversal com uma amostra de 72 idosas com mais de 60 anos frequentadoras da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade (UATI) vinculada a Universidade Estadual da Bahia (UNEB). Foram aplicados questionários as participantes sobre aspectos pessoais, sócio-demográficos e presença de comorbidades. Resultados: os dados antropométricos avaliados foram o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) e da Circunferência da Cintura (CC). Associações entre as variáveis categóricas foram testadas utilizando o teste qui-quadrado com um nível de significância 5%. Observou-se que prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade de acordo com o IMC foi de 34,48% e 24,14%, respectivamente e 86,54% dos idosos apresentaram um substancial aumento da circunferência abdominal. Verificou-se que 13,46% dos indivíduos eram diabéticos, 63,46% hipertensos. Conclusão: neste estudo não houve associação com significância estatística entre excesso de peso e renda ou presença de comorbidades (Diabete Melito e Hipertensão).
Avaliação da cobertura da triagem auditiva neonatal nas macrorregiões de saúde do estado da Bahia entre os anos de 2011 a 2018.
Authors: Gomes Lôbo Morenah , Oliveira de Andrade Caio Leônidas , Alves Crésio
Published: February 2021

Introdução: a triagem auditiva neonatal (TAN) está disposta na Lei nº 12.303/2010, a qual, obriga a realização do teste da orelhinha em todos os hospitais e maternidades do Brasil. Porém, vários estados brasileiros ainda não atingiram o nível de cobertura satisfatória desse programa conforme preconizado. Objetivo: analisar a cobertura da triagem auditiva neonatal no período entre 2011 a 2018 nas macrorregiões do Estado da Bahia. Metodologia: estudo ecológico, quase-experimental, realizado por meio do tabulador genérico de domínio público desenvolvido pelo DATASUS. Resultados: a produção ambulatorial dos procedimentos da TAN no Estado da Bahia obteve crescimento considerável ao longo do período do estudo, porém os achados apontaram que as taxas de crescimentos anuais apresentaram um comportamento irregular no seu crescimento. Observou-se que a média das taxas de cobertura na Bahia é inferior à média nacional e muito discrepante quando comparada a média universal. Conclusão: os achados demonstraram que o Estado da Bahia segue com taxas de cobertura da TAN inferior ao preconizado pelo COMUSA (Comitê Multiprofissional de Saúde Auditiva), apresentando distribuição irregular na realização dos procedimentos, ausência de recursos tecnológicos em algumas macrorregiões, o que compromete o princípio da universalidade da TAN no Estado .
Acompanhamento audiológico de lactente com risco para sífilis congênita: relato de caso
Authors: Da Silva Santos Dayana , Castello Silva Pereira Maria Cecília , Pondé de Sena Eduardo
Published: February 2021

Objetivo: descrever o acompanhamento audiológico de uma criança com exame sorológico positivo para sífilis. Caso Clínico: E.G.M.L, com sorologia positiva para sífilis, com dois dias de vida, obteve resultado “falha” na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal, com Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes. Encaminada para o ambulatório da Clínica Escola de Fonoaudiologia, da Universidade Estadual da Bahia, retornou com quatro meses, quando realizou reteste das Emissões Otoacústicas Evocadas Transientes, que permaneceram ausentes; também se submeteu à imitanciometria, onde foram obtidas curvas timpanométricas “pico único”. A avaliação da condução nervosa com Potencial Evocado Auditivo do Tronco Encefálico do Tronco Encefálico mostrou-se normal na orelha esquerda, com limiares eletrofisiológicos presentes até a intensidade de 50 dB. Porém, houve despertar do sono e não foi possível avaliar a orelha direita. Em nova reavaliação, aos oito meses, a condução nervosa pelo mesmo processo apresentou normalidade na orelha direita. As condições nutricionais de E.G.M.L. eram então críticas, com desnutrição acentuada. O atendimento no âmbito audiológico foi temporariamente suspenso e houve encaminhamento para o setor de fisioterapia e nutrição da Universidade do Estado da Bahia. Discussão: o levantamento de questões audiológicas, em grupos de risco para alterações auditivas, visa à reabilitação e à garantia das condições ideais de comunicação. Neonatos com detecção precoce de alterações auditivas são candidatos ideais à amplificação e reabilitação. Conclusão: crianças com risco para sífilis congênita precisam ser avaliadas na Triagem Auditiva e acompanhadas no seguimento. Entretanto, algumas vezes torna-se difícil conscientizar a família. Essa continuidade é importante para assegurar a integridade dos sentidos e, no caso da audição, para favorecer o desenvolvimento adequado da criança.
RECOMENDAÇÕES PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE GESTÃO AMBIENTAL DE ACORDO COM A ISO 14001:2015
Authors: Rodrigues Romário Andrade , Almeida Edna , Oliveira Fábio , Nascimento Francisco
Published: February 2021

Com a reformulação da norma ISO14001, em 2015, surgiram novos desafios para as organizações implementarem o Sistemas de Gestão Ambiental (SGA). O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as alterações dos requisitos apresentados na versão da ISO 14001:2015 e propor recomendações para a implantação do SGA. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram realizar a análise documental comparativa dos requisitos das versões da norma (2004 e 2015) e utilizá-la como base para um estudo exploratório, por meio da aplicação de questionários para consultores e auditores que trabalhavam com a ISO 14001. A análise documental comparativa possibilitou a avaliação de 44 requisitos quanto às orientações para a implantação do SGA. Os resultados mostraram 07 itens classificados com grau de alteração alto; 12 itens, com grau de alteração médio; e 25 itens, com grau de alteração baixo. A partir das respostas aos 30 questionários e da análise documental realizada, este trabalho produziu 08 recomendações principais para ajudar as organizações na implantação do SGA, de acordo com a nova versão da ISO 14001. Além de ajudar no processo de desenvolvimento de SGAs, estas recomendações podem contribuir para novas pesquisas.

 

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO ISO 14001:2015
After the recasting of ISO 14001 normative, in 2015, new challenges were established in relation to the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) by the organizations. The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes of requirements presented in the ISO 14001:2015 version and to propose recommendations to the implementation of EMS. The methodological procedures adopted were the comparative documentary analysis of rule versions (2004 and 2015), serving as the basis for the exploratory study with application of surveys for consultants and auditors that worked with the ISO 14001. The comparative documentary analysis enabled the assessment of 44 requirements in relation to the orientations for the implementation of EMS. The results showed 07 items evaluated with high change level, 12 items evaluated with medium change level and 25 items evaluated with low change level. From the responses received of the 30 questionnaires and the documentary analysis realized, 08 main recommendations were established to help the organizations in the implementation of EMS based on the new ISO 14001 version. Besides contributing in the development process of EMS, these recommendations can help to new research.
As contradições sociais evidenciadas pelo novo coronavírus e a vida das mulheres no contexto da pandemia
Authors: Bispo Nívia De Morais , Caldeira Ariana Rocha
Published: February 2021

A pandemia do novo coronavírus revela e potencializa as contradições da sociedade capitalista, que mostra a sua face mais destrutiva: o lucro acima das vidas. Contraditoriamente, revela também a sua insustentabilidade. Neste manuscrito, apontamos algumas contradições que são evidenciadas e potencializadas pela pandemia e os impactos disso para a classe trabalhadora, de forma geral, e para as mulheres, em particular. Historicamente submetidas à dominação-exploração e opressão de gênero, de raça e de classe, as mulheres sentem os impactos desta pandemia em seus corpos. Os índices de violência contra mulher e de feminicídio, em função do isolamento social, crescem a cada dia. Entendemos que é necessário, do ponto de vista mais imediato, criar mecanismos de proteção às mulheres no atual contexto, embora reconheçamos o caráter necropolítico do Estado; e como tarefa histórica, entendemos que é preciso rumar para outra forma de produzir e reproduzir a vida, dada a barbárie do capitalismo. A luta por uma sociedade sem opressão passa pela luta contra os antagonismos de classe.

Palavras-Chave: Capitalismo; Pandemia do coronavírus; Classe trabalhadora; Vida de mulher
Alcances e limites do sindicalismo: contribuições críticas de Friedrich Engels e Karl Marx
Authors: Torres Michelangelo Marques
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo pretende indicar o modo como Friedrich Engels e Karl Marx focalizaram a luta e a organização sindical no interior do conflito entre o capital e o trabalho, a fim de conduzirmos o andamento da análise para sua contribuição ao conjunto do marxismo, inclusive, demonstrando como o trabalho de Engels impactou sobremaneira as concepções formuladas por Marx nessa seara. Nesse sentido, faremos uma síntese das contribuições da obra de Marx e Engels no tocante ao tema do sindicalismo e apontando, quando possível, seus enfrentamentos com (variadas) concepções reformistas, centristas, anarquistas, autonomistas e burocráticas – conforme é possível notar, diferentes concepções de sindicato encontram-se disponíveis na literatura.
As três graças do Mamulengo (a infância adulta, o jogo e a música)
Authors: Carrico André
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste texto é refletir acerca de procedimentos utilizados por brincantes de Teatro de Mamulengo no século XXI para manter a atenção do público e extrair a gargalhada de dentro de uma barraca de tecido rústico e com alguns bonecos de madeira. Nossa hipótese é a de que, entre os elementos que mantém o Teatro de Mamulengo como gênero eficiente destacam-se uma estética e linguagem ao mesmo tempo infantil e adulta, o jogo e a música.
AS CARACTERÍSTICAS DA DISCIPLINA TEORIA DA CONTABILIDADE NOS CURSOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS DAS UNIVERSIDADES DA REGIÃO NORDESTE
Authors: Cavalcante Junior Florisvaldo Cunha , Silva Leitão Carla Renata , Queiroz Neto Herrisson
Published: February 2021

Desde a publicação da Resolução no 03/1992, do Conselho Federal de Educação, a disciplina Teoria da Contabilidade tornou-se obrigatória nos cursos de Ciências Contábeis de todo o Brasil. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar as características da disciplina Teoria da Contabilidade nos cursos presenciais, das universidades federais e estaduais da região Nordeste. Sobre os procedimentos metodológicos, estes envolveram pesquisas bibliográfica e documental. Os aspectos analisados foram: o período em que em que a disciplina é ministrada, a carga horária, os pré-requisitos e os principais autores indicados na bibliografia básica. Os dados foram obtidos através de consulta ao Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) dos cursos. Espera-se, com esse estudo, que as instituições de ensino, percebam a necessidade de manterem alinhadas e uniformizadas, no tocante as características dos Cursos de Ciências Contábeis, sobretudo, na disciplina Teoria da Contabilidade, que foi objeto desse estudo. Acredita-se, que esse estudo vai contribuir para que as instituições tenham uma visão mais ampla, das metodologias que vem sendo adotadas pelas outras instituições, para que elas sejam possam convergir para uma equidade, possibilitando formação igualitária para todos os discentes. Como resultado, a pesquisa revelou que a maioria das instituições (65%) adotam a carga horária de 60 horas; prevalece a oferta nos 4º e 5º semestres do curso, com 25% e 35%, respectivamente, e verificou-se que 30% das instituições não exigem pré-requisito para a disciplina.
Alimentação, Artes e Ensino de Ciências: articulação para a formação de professores
Authors: Lobo Mônica Alves , De Sousa Guaracira Gouvêa
Published: February 2021

A valorização dos sentidos e a apreciação dos sabores são de extrema importância para a alimentação, seja na degustação ou no preparo dos alimentos. Atualmente vivemos numa cultura visual e auditiva, que subjuga as experiências que envolvem proximidade, como tocar, cheirar e provar. É preciso investir em ações educativas que resgatem o prazer da apreciação dos sabores dos alimentos naturais, sendo a escola um espaço profícuo para tal intento. Este trabalho objetiva oferecer discussão teórica para a proposta da Educação dos sentidos a partir de uma experiência de oficina de formação de professores de ciências. Diferentes formas de artes atuaram como mediadores para estimular a sensibilização dos sentidos. Durante as etapas da atividade os professores se surpreenderam com novas percepções de sabores e sensações, com as diferentes dimensões da alimentação e expuseram os desafios para a articulação interdisciplinar em suas práticas docentes a partir do tema apresentado na oficina.
The combined effect of long working hours and individual risk factors on cardiovascular disease: An interaction analysis
Authors: Lee Wanhyung , Lee Jongin , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul , Lee Yu Min , Lee Dong-Wook , Kang Mo-Yeol
Published: February 2021

Objectives

We examined whether the effect of long working hours on the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs depending on individual risk factors.

Methods

Seven-year follow-up data were extracted from the 2009 to 2016 waves of the Korea Health Panel Survey. Physician’s diagnosis or medication for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity were included as chronic disease status. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and exercise levels were considered as lifestyle behavior. Hazard ratios were calculated using the Cox regression models to evaluate the risk of CVD related to chronic diseases and unhealthy behavior, based on working hour groups, after adjusting for other covariates. The interactive effects of long working hours with or without chronic diseases and unhealthy behavior on CVD were assessed using the relative excess risk due to interaction and attributable proportion measures.

Results

There was a statistically significant interaction between long working hours and chronic diseases within the population, especially among male participants (P-value for interaction <.01 and .03, respectively). There were no significant interactions between unhealthy behavior and long working hours.

Conclusions

Long working hours and chronic disease have a synergistic negative effect on the risk of CVD.
A playbook for best practice and future research on investigative interviews
Authors: Granhag Par Anders
Published: February 2021

In this commentary, I offer several reflections on this important Special Issue focused on the science of investigative interviewing. While the number of syntheses and their quality are impressive, I note that a majority of the papers included in the issue focus on techniques for detecting deception. I urge scholars to focus also on developing and evaluating techniques for eliciting information from suspects and sources. I also comment on the important future directions discussed by authors of the Special Issue, including the importance of open science, further developing our empirical paradigms, increasing and diversifying our samples, and enhancing our study moderators and measures.
Discrete Choice Experiment on a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System for Temporomandibular Joints in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Tolend Mirkamal , Junhasavasdikul Thitiporn , Cron Randy Q. , Inarejos Clemente Emilio J. , von Kalle Thekla , Kellenberger Christian J. , Koos Bernd , Miller Elka , van Rossum Marion A. , Saurenmann Rotraud K. , Spiegel Lynn , Stimec Jennifer , Twilt Marinka , Tzaribachev Nikolay , Abramowicz Shelly , Appenzeller Simone , Arvidsson Linda Z. , Guleria Saurabh , Jaremko Jacob L. , Kirkhus Eva , Larheim Tore A. , Meyers Arthur B. , Panwar Jyoti , Resnick Cory M. , Shelmerdine Susan C. , Feldman Brian M. , Doria Andrea S. ,   for the OMERACT MRI in JIA Working Group
Published: February 2021

Objective

To determine the relative importance weights of items and grades of a newly developed additive outcome measure called the juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) (JAMRIS‐TMJ).

Methods

An adaptive partial‐profile, discrete choice experiment (DCE) survey using the 1000Minds platform was independently completed by members of an expert group consisting of radiologists and non‐radiologist clinicians to determine the group‐averaged relative weights for the JAMRIS‐TMJ. Subsequently, an image‐based vignette ranking exercise was done, during which experts individually rank ordered 14 patient vignettes for disease severity while blinded to the weights and unrestricted to JAMRIS‐TMJ assessment criteria. Validity of the weighted JAMRIS‐TMJ was tested by comparing the consensus‐graded, DCE‐weighted JAMRIS‐TMJ score of the vignettes with their unrestricted image‐based ranks provided by the experts.

Results

Nineteen experts completed the DCE survey, and 21 completed the vignette ranking exercise. Synovial thickening and joint enhancement showed higher weights per raw score compared to bone marrow items and effusion in the inflammatory domain, while erosions and condylar flattening showed nonlinear and higher weights compared to disk abnormalities in the damage domain. The weighted JAMRIS‐TMJ score of the vignettes correlated highly with the ranks from the unrestricted comparison method, with median Spearman's ρ of 0.92 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.87–0.95) for the inflammation and 0.93 (IQR 0.90–0.94) for the damage domain.

Conclusion

A DCE survey was used to quantify the importance weights of the items and grades of the JAMRIS‐TMJ. The weighted score showed high convergent validity with an unrestricted, holistic vignette ranking method.
Partially Functional Electrode Modifications for Rapid Detection of Dopamine in Urine
Authors: Shukla Rajendra P. , Aroosh Matan , Matzafi Alon , Ben‐Yoav Hadar
Published: February 2021

Designing functional materials as electrode coatings to transduce high‐quality information about redox molecules in biofluids is crucial for developing the next‐generation medical devices. Rapidly analyzing the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) urinary levels can enable point‐of‐care testing for neuroendocrine tumors. A novel sensing electrodes array modified with biopolymer chitosan and electrocatalytic carbon nanotube films that can generate cross‐reactive electrochemical signals from complex biofluids, such as undiluted urine, is presented. By generating cross‐reactive signals, the feasibility of quantifying DA levels from unprocessed urine samples is demonstrated. The films’ electrochemical activity is characterized and modeled the additive effect of the main redox interferants in urine (norepinephrine and uric acid) on the generated electrochemical signals that overlap and mask the electrochemical signature of DA. Finally, the feasibility of successfully quantifying urinary DA levels is demonstrated by investigating two calibration approaches: 1) using a synthetic solution (1.15 µmroot mean squared error (RMSE) and 4.2 µm limit‐of‐detection (LoD) values), and 2) directly using the urine samples (2.5 µmRMSE and 9.3 µmLoD values). The outcome of this work will enhance the understanding of the overlapping and masking electrochemical signatures and their interactions with functional materials, providing better analytical tools to differentiate redox molecules in highly complex biofluids.
Phase Selection in Mn–Si Alloys by Fast Solid‐State Reaction with Enhanced Skyrmion Stability
Authors: Li Zichao , Xie Yufang , Yuan Ye , Ji Yanda , Begeza Viktor , Cao Lei , Hübner René , Rebohle Lars , Helm Manfred , Nielsch Kornelius , Prucnal Slawomir , Zhou Shengqiang
Published: February 2021

B20‐type transition‐metal silicides or germanides are noncentrosymmetric materials hosting magnetic skyrmions, which are promising information carriers in spintronic devices. The prerequisite is to prepare thin films on technology‐relevant substrates with magnetic skyrmions stabilized at a broad temperature and magnetic‐field working window. A canonical example is the B20‐MnSi film grown on Si substrates. However, the as‐yet unavoidable contamination with MnSi1.7 occurs due to the lower nucleation temperature of this phase. In this work, a simple and efficient method to overcome this problem and prepare single‐phase MnSi films on Si substrates is reported. It is based on the millisecond reaction between metallic Mn and Si using flash‐lamp annealing (FLA). By controlling the FLA energy density, single‐phase MnSi or MnSi1.7 or their mixture can be grown at will. Compared with bulk MnSi, the prepared MnSi films show an increased Curie temperature of up to 41 K. In particular, the magnetic skyrmions are stable over a much wider temperature and magnetic‐field range than reported previously. The results constitute a novel phase selection approach for alloys and can help to enhance specific functional properties, such as the stability of magnetic skyrmions.
Host Modification of Layered Double Hydroxide Electrocatalyst to Boost the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Activity of Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Zhou Lei , Zhang Cong , Zhang Yunqi , Li Zhenhua , Shao Mingfei
Published: February 2021

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are regarded as an earth‐abundant and highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this work, a systematic strategy is demonstrated to simultaneously optimize the OER thermodynamic and kinetic activity via introducing a series of transition and main group metal atoms into the NiFe‐LDH host layers. Typically, V, Co, and Cr dopants largely promote the intrinsic activity of NiFe‐LDH through the effective electron transfer from Fe3+ in NiFe‐LDH laminate to the doping metals, while the introduction of V, Ti, and Mn into NiFe‐LDH facilitates the kinetics of water oxidation due to the increased conductivity induced by dopants. Furthermore, the detailed experiments and density functional theory calculations illustrate that the presence of suitable heteroatoms (V) lowers the activation energy barrier for OER rate‐limiting step as well as promotes the electron transfers by effective electronic modification. This work provides an effective strategy to modulate the OER activity of LDHs and determine their performance trends for a more rational design of high‐performed OER electrocatalysts.
Stabilizing γ‐MgH2 at Nanotwins in Mechanically Constrained Nanoparticles
Authors: Kammerer Jochen A. , Duan Xiaoyang , Neubrech Frank , Schröder Rasmus R. , Liu Na , Pfannmöller Martin
Published: February 2021

Reversible hydrogen uptake and the metal/dielectric transition make the Mg/MgH2 system a prime candidate for solid‐state hydrogen storage and dynamic plasmonics. However, high dehydrogenation temperatures and slow dehydrogenation hamper broad applicability. One promising strategy to improve dehydrogenation is the formation of metastable γ‐MgH2. A nanoparticle (NP) design, where γ‐MgH2 forms intrinsically during hydrogenation is presented and a formation mechanism based on transmission electron microscopy results is proposed. Volume expansion during hydrogenation causes compressive stress within the confined, anisotropic NPs, leading to plastic deformation of β‐MgH2 via (301)β twinning. It is proposed that these twins nucleate γ‐MgH2 nanolamellas, which are stabilized by residual compressive stress. Understanding this mechanism is a crucial step toward cycle‐stable, Mg‐based dynamic plasmonic and hydrogen‐storage materials with improved dehydrogenation. It is envisioned that a more general design of confined NPs utilizes the inherent volume expansion to reform γ‐MgH2 during each rehydrogenation.
Size‐Based Cationic Molecular Sieving through Solid‐State Nanochannels
Authors: Ali Mubarak , Nasir Saima , Froehlich Kristina , Ramirez Patricio , Cervera Javier , Mafe Salvador , Ensinger Wolfgang
Published: February 2021

The molecular sieving behavior of soft‐etched polyimide membranes having negatively charged nanochannels is described experimentally and theoretically using alkali metal–crown ether cationic complexes and alkylammonium cations. To this end, the electrical conduction and current rectification obtained with different alkali electrolyte solutions (LiCl, NaCl, and KCl) and crown ether molecules (12‐crown‐4, 15‐crown‐5, and 18‐crown‐6) are studied. The results suggest that only the [Li(12C4)]+ complex can readily permeate through the nanochannels because significant current decreases are obtained in the cases of the [Na(15C5)]+ and [K(18C6)]+ complexes. In solutions of organic cations ranging from ammonium (NH4+) to alkylammonium (R4N+) with increasing molecular size, only the smaller ions can conduct high electric currents, suggesting again that the membrane channels are in the nanometer range. Taken together, the observed current decreases and rectification phenomena demonstrate that the functionalized membranes allow a versatile combination of molecular and electrostatic sieving.
Bright Single Photon Emission from Quantum Dots Embedded in a Broadband Planar Optical Antenna
Authors: Huang Huiying , Manna Santanu , Schimpf Christian , Reindl Marcus , Yuan Xueyong , Zhang Yining , da Silva Saimon Filipe Covre , Rastelli Armando
Published: February 2021

Photonic structures capable of enhancing the light‐outcoupling efficiency of embedded epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) in a broad spectral range are attractive for the realization of bright sources of single photons and entangled photon pairs. In this work, a planar‐multilayer antenna is experimentally demonstrated for GaAs QDs embedded in AlGaAs membranes. The antenna consists of a metal (Au or Ag) reflector and a semi‐transparent metal (Ag) director, with a thin oxide layer (hafnium dioxide (HfO2) or aluminium oxide (Al2O3)) between metal and semiconductor layers. Simulations using the 3D finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method indicate a maximal efficiency of 43% (for collection optics with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.85), a wavelength‐dependent Purcell factor ranging from ≈0.7 to ≈1.45, strong directional emission characteristics, as well as a broad bandwidth of ≈30 nm. In the experiment, we find a Purcell factor compatible with the simulation results, a maximum collection efficiency as high as ≈19% and an ultralow multiphoton emission probability of 0.006 ± 0.005. The planar geometry, its compatibility with post‐growth tuning methods, facile fabrication, broad spectral bandwidth, and achieved performance make the presented structure competitive for solid‐state sources of quantum light.
Atomic‐Scale Visualization and Quantification of Configurational Entropy in Relation to Thermal Conductivity: A Proof‐of‐Principle Study int‐GeSb2Te4
Authors: Chen Yongjin , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yongsheng , Wu Hong , Peng Kunling , Yang Hengquan , Zhang Qing , Liu Xiaopeng , Chai Yisheng , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhang Ze , He Jian , Han Xiaodong , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: February 2021

It remains a daunting task to quantify the configurational entropy of a material from atom‐revolved electron microscopy images and correlate the results with the material's lattice thermal conductivity, which strides across statics, dynamics, and thermal transport of crystal lattice over orders of magnitudes in length and time. Here, a proof‐of‐principle study of atomic‐scale visualization and quantification of configurational entropy in relation to thermal conductivity in single crystalline trigonal GeSb2Te4(akat‐GeSb2Te4) with native atomic site disorder is reported. A concerted effort of larget‐GeSb2Te4single crystal growth, in‐lab developed analysis procedure of atomic column intensity, the visualization and quantification of configurational entropy including corresponding modulation, and thermal transport measurements enable an entropic “bottom‐up” perspective to the lattice thermal conductivity oft‐GeSb2Te4. It is uncovered that the configurational entropy increases phonon scattering and reduces phonon mean free path as well as promotes anharmonicity, thereby giving rise to low lattice thermal conductivity and promising thermoelectric performance. The current study sheds lights on an atomic scale bottom‐up configurational entropy design in diverse regimes of structural and functional materials research and applications.
All‐Cold Evaporation under One Sun with Zero Energy Loss by Using a Heatsink Inspired Solar Evaporator
Authors: Wu Xuan , Wu Zhiqing , Wang Yida , Gao Ting , Li Qin , Xu Haolan
Published: February 2021

Interfacial solar steam generation is a highly efficient and sustainable technology for clean water production and wastewater treatment. Although great progress has been achieved in improving evaporation rate and energy efficiency, it's still challenging to fully eliminate the energy loss to the surrounding environment during solar steam generation. To achieve this, a novel heatsink‐like evaporator (HSE) is developed herein. During solar evaporation, the temperature on the top solar evaporation surface can be regulated by the fin structures of the HSE. For the evaporators with 5 to 7 heatsink fins, the temperature of the solar evaporation surface is decreased to be lower than the ambient temperature, which fully eliminates the radiation, convection, and conduction heat losses, leading to the absolute cold evaporation over the entire evaporator under 1.0 sun irradiation. As a result, massive energy (4.26 W), which is over 170% of the received light energy, is harvested from the environment due to the temperature deficit, significantly enhancing the energy efficiency of solar steam generation. An extremely high evaporation rate of 4.10 kg m−2 h−1 is realized with a 6‐fin photothermal HSE, corresponding to an energy conversion efficiency far beyond the theoretical limit, assuming 100% light‐to‐vapor energy conversion.
Replica Symmetry Breaking in Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Bandgap Lasing
Authors: Kong Jinyuan , He Jijun , Zhang Junxi , Ma Jiajun , Xie Kang , Chen Jingjing , Hong Liang , Hu Zhijia
Published: February 2021

Spin glass theory is an interdisciplinary statistical theory that has been widely used to describe the complex physical systems in diverse fields. In photonic platforms, the characteristic phenomenon of the phase transition between paramagnetic and spin glass state, i.e., replica symmetry breaking (RSB), has been recently observed in random laser (RL) systems via analogies between optical modes and magnetic spins. Here, the RSB phenomenon in cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) bandgap lasing is reported. The CLC lasing arises from the edge of bandgap when the reflection spectrum edge of CLC spectrally overlaps with the fluorescence spectrum of dye. Different from the RL systems, where the RSB phenomenon is frequently observed, bandgap laser shows weak disorder due to its self‐assembled helical structure. Unexpectedly, based on the statistical study of the lasing spectra, the RSB can still be found when the bandgap laser operates at the threshold point. This RSB phenomenon is robust when the bandgap laser works at different temperatures and wavelengths. These results extend the scope of the feasibility of the spin glass theory in the photonic field, which boost the understanding of the interplay between system disorder and lasing statistical behavior.
Toward Bayesian Data Compression
Authors: Harth‐Kitzerow Johannes , Leike Reimar H. , Arras Philipp , Enßlin Torsten A.
Published: February 2021

In order to handle large datasets omnipresent in modern science, efficient compression algorithms are necessary. Here, a Bayesian data compression (BDC) algorithm that adapts to the specific measurement situation is derived in the context of signal reconstruction. BDC compresses a dataset under conservation of its posterior structure with minimal information loss given the prior knowledge on the signal, the quantity of interest. Its basic form is valid for Gaussian priors and likelihoods. For constant noise standard deviation, basic BDC becomes equivalent to a Bayesian analog of principal component analysis. Using metric Gaussian variational inference, BDC generalizes to non‐linear settings. In its current form, BDC requires the storage of effective instrument response functions for the compressed data and corresponding noise encoding the posterior covariance structure. Their memory demand counteract the compression gain. In order to improve this, sparsity of the compressed responses can be obtained by separating the data into patches and compressing them separately. The applicability of BDC is demonstrated by applying it to synthetic data and radio astronomical data. Still the algorithm needs further improvement as the computation time of the compression and subsequent inference exceeds the time of the inference with the original data.