bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of RootLocus with Application to the Design of PD Controller for Linear Control Systems
Authors: Liaw Der Cherng , Liu Chao Wei
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the break-away and break-in (BABI) condition used in root-locus approach for two-parameter linear control systemsis derived. The condition for one-parameter control system can also be obtained from those results, which agrees with the well-known results by using sensitivity function (e.g., Kuo, 2009). Based on those conditions, an algorithm is proposed to construct the PD control gains of linear control systems for meeting designed specifications of timing response. Compared with the conventional design by using root-contours, the proposed approach can give a guideline for choosing control gains instead of those obtained by trial-and-error from the root-contours scheme. An example of the 3rd-order linear systemwith PD control is also given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed design.
EEG Classification for BCI Based on CSP and SVM-GA
Authors: Yang Hao , Wu Song
Published: October 2013

Electroencephalogram (EEG) is generally used in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications to measure the brain signals. However, the multichannel EEG signals characterized by unrelated and redundant features will deteriorate the classification accuracy. This paper presents a method based on common spatial pattern (CSP) for feature extraction and support vector machine with genetic algorithm (SVM-GA) as a classifier, the GA is used to optimize the kernel parameters setting. The proposed algorithm is performed on data set Iva of BCI Competition III. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional linear discriminant analysis (LDA) in average classification performance.
The Research of Power Grid Reserve Capacity Model Based on Equivalent Continuous Load
Authors: Sun Hong Fei , Gong Li Dong , Zhou Lan Ping
Published: October 2013

With economic development, power load is continuing to grow, power scale and install capacity have somewhat expanded. While there are some uncertain factors which lead to the power insufficient, and bring great losses to the development of national economy. This paper base on equivalent continuous load curve and curve fitting theory, establish mathematical model, and research the reasonable power reserve capacity and reserve rate.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Stick-Slip Friction on a Metal Surface
Authors: Uehara Takuya
Published: October 2013

Friction on the atomistic scale was simulated using a molecular dynamics model consisting of a slider and substrate. The slider is in contact with the substrate through interatomic forces, while being pulled by a spring connected to a tractor moving parallel to the substrate surface at a constant velocity. The frictional force, which is defined as the force working on the connecting spring, is registered as the slider moves over the substrate, and consequently stick-slip behavior is observed. The static frictional force is higher if the lattice mismatch between slider and substrate is smaller. The sliding velocity affects whether atoms can rapidly settle into a stable site, and hence affects the kinetic friction; at high velocities, the atoms are forcibly moved resulting in a smaller kinetic friction force and a steady force curve.
Finite Element Analysis of the Piston Thermal Load in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Zheng Qing Ping , Ma Chun Yan , Zhang Jie Zhong
Published: October 2013

Three-dimensional modeling and finite element analysis on the diesel engine piston is carried out in the paper. The distribution of temperature, stress and strain within piston at the rated conditions of the engine are obtained from the simulation. The calculated temperature is consistent with the results of the piston surface temperature which is obtained by hardness plug method, thus confirming the model's validity. The calculated maximum temperature is 374 °C and the minimum temperature is 144 °C. The maximum stress is 118MPa located between the piston skirt above the pin hole and the third ring groove. The maximum thermal strain appears at the piston top with the value of 6.29×10-3. Finally, the temperature simulation of the piston adopted oil-splashing cooling is implemented. It is proved that thermal load can be further reduced through cooling measure.
Development of CAD-to-CAE Model Preparation Technology
Authors: Kubota Tetsuyuki , Chow Peter
Published: October 2013

This paper explains and demonstrates how to reduce time for preparation of 3-dimensional (3D) geometrical Computer-Aided-Engineering (CAE) model from 3D Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) data. In generally, CAE model preparation is labor intensive and takes long time. Main part of preparation work is simplification of 3D-CAD data to decrease mesh scale and without impacting the solution accuracy. The purpose of this study is to create automatic CAE model preparation technology for reduction of preparation time. In this study, automatic model preparation method is developed by using of geometrical and topological information of 3D-CAD data. Benchmark test is performed to proof the efficiency of the method.
Deformation Solution in Thin Ring Plates with Circular Holes
Authors: Arab Najmeddin
Published: October 2013

In this research, deformation process of a thin ring plate with circular hole has been analyzed. Regarding the material characteristics and forming facilities, various forming in a blank with are possible Deep drawing without variation in central hole diameter and also by variation in hole diameter and Flanging when the outer diameter of blank is constant or variable. By taking into account the thickness variations, and work hardening, the forming of thin ring plate at plane stress condition has been considered. It is shown that the deformation procedure of each point in the blank can be describe by non-linear vector function of plasticity.
Study of the Tool Life and the Tool Wear Mechanisms in the Production of Holes in Stainless Steel
Authors: Jurko Jozef , Panda Anton
Published: October 2013

The content of this article also focuses on the analysis of the tool life of screw drills. This paper presents the conclusions of tests on a stainless steel DIN 1.4301.The results of the article are conclusions for working theory and practice for drilling of stainless steels. Based on the cutting tests, cutting speeds of 30 to 60 m/min, feed rate of 0.04to0.1 mm and screw drill carbide monolite.
Change of Material Deformation under the Machined Surface when Drilling Steel C45 and DIN 1.4301
Authors: Jurko Jozef , Panda Anton
Published: October 2013

The basic hypothesis of this article focuses on the study changes in deformation under the machined surface of stainless steels and steel C45 when drilling. The problem of drilling holes with diameter D=5 to 12.5 mm resides in the fact that 25 to 30% of these holes do not comply with prescribed requested requirements. This article presents the results of experiments focusing on the study of the damage process in helical drills with diameter d=8.0 mm when drilling into austenitic stainless steel DIN 1.4301 and steel C45. This study also includes an analysis of accompanying phenomena in the cutting zone by measuring some selected parameters.
A 3D Finite Element Simulation of Cold Roll Forming of Wrought Magnesium Alloy Sheets
Authors: Watari Hisaki , Hamano Hidemitsu , Nishida Shi Ichi , Asou Hayato
Published: October 2013

In recent several years, although production of magnesium has risen dramatically, production of magnesium alloy sheet remains still at a very low level in practical use. The major barrier to greatly increased magnesium alloy use has been in still primarily high manufacturing cost as well as poor work ability of wrought magnesium sheet alloys. One of the author has investigated in cold roll forming of magnesium alloy, however detailed forming characteristics of the wrought magnesium alloy sheets has not been clarified. The aim of the study is to confirm possibilities of practical use of wrought magnesium alloy by using told roll forming process. A three dimensional elasto-plastic analysis by finite element method (FEM) has been conducted to examine the shapes of cross section, spring back characteristics, bending strains and longitudinal membrane strain of magnesium alloy sheet and cold rolled steel sheet during forming.
The Structure and Adhesion of Zr/TiAlN Coatings on High-Speed Steel and Cemented Carbide Substrates
Authors: Xian Guang , Zhao Hai Bo , Fan Hong Yuan , Du Hao
Published: October 2013

Zr/TiAlN coatings as well as single TiAlN coatings were deposited on high-speed steel and cemented carbide substrates by medium frequency magnetron sputtering. The crystal structure and cross-sectional morphology of coatings were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The adhesion of coatings to substrate was measured by Rockwell indention tests. These investigations show that the main diffraction peak of Zr/TiAlN and TiAlN coatings are corresponding to the TiN phase. The preferred orientation of out TiAlN coatings is obviously affected by Zr interlayer and substrate materials. The TiAlN coatings both on HSS and cemented carbide substrates exhibit a columnar structure. But, the columnar morphology of Zr/TiAlN on cemented carbide substrate becomes ambiguous and this structure of Zr/TiAlN coatings on HSS substrate even changes to isometric. The Rockwell indention results indicate that the adhesion of TiAlN coatings is significantly improved by adding Zr interlayer both on HSS substrate and cemented carbide substrate.
A Stochastic Collocation Method for Uncertainty Analysis of Fatigue Damage Prognosis
Authors: Xie Li Jun , Tang He Sheng , Xue Song Tao
Published: October 2013

This article proposes a stochastic collocation method to investigate the uncertainty quantification in fatigue damage prognosis where experimental data are limited and only interval bounds on uncertain parameters are given. The method derived from tensor-products or sparse grids consists in a Galerkin approximation in random space, requires the use of structured collocation point sets and naturally leads to the solution of uncoupled deterministic problems as in the Monte Carlo approach. The distribution of remaining useful life can be acquired by dividing each interval into several small parts and assuming the corresponding random variable obeys uniform distribution in the small range. Compared with Monte Carlo method and interval arithmetic, this approach is much more efficient, time-saving and gets more accurate predictions. An experimental investigation of fatigue life prediction of a metallic plate with a central crack is presented to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Develop on Tutorial Courseware for the Theoretical Mechanics Based on the Basic Conception
Authors: Ren Yan Rong
Published: October 2013

Pointing to the problems of students vague and ambiguous basic concepts on teaching the theoretical mechanics, the training courseware for the theoretical mechanics on the basis of basic concepts based on the Visual basic has been developed. The important points and difficulties have been concluded and the self-test system has been developed. The multiple choice question and judging problem have been concluded, which can provide better conditions for students to study and master this course.
Research of Parallel Machine Scheduling with Flexible Resources Based on Nested Partition Method
Authors: Sun Hong Fei , Liu Xiao Dang , Hou Wei
Published: October 2013

In the fierce market competition environment, to maximize the production efficiency, manufacturing enterprises mostly adopt the many varieties of small batch and discrete mode of production. The production process has the very strong flexibility. But the production process are lack of scheduling management or parallel machine production unit mostly adopts the scheduling method of static quota system, so the flexible resource in enterprise production system parallel machine scheduling began to reveal inadequate and it has reduce the production efficiency of the enterprise. This paper provide the Nested Partition Method for the problem, establishing the mathematic models for dynamic scheduling, and developing the corresponding algorithm, in order to improve the utilization rate of equipment and flexible resource.
Preparation and Characterization of Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles Labeled with Technetium-99m Pertectnetate
Authors: Tsai Chang Shu , Liu Wei Chung , Chen Hong Yi , Hsu Wei Chun
Published: October 2013

In the aspect of biomedical diagnosis, magnetic nanoparticle can be used as drug carrier and MRI/ SPECT/ PET contrast agents. Magnetic fluid hyperthermia is one of the most important cancer therapies. Magnetic nanoparticles display their unique features as heating mediators for hyperthermia. In this study, Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticle was prepared by using chemical co-precipitation method. Tc-99m pertechnetate with Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles is prepared by using magnet adsorption method. An attempt was also made to evaluate the application in the field of magnetic targeted drug delivery and radioactive targeted cancer treatment in the future. In this work, preparation and characterization of non-polymer and polymer (dextran) coated Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles labeled with technetium-99m pertectnetate were evaluated and served as precursors study. The Tc-99m labeling efficiency of in-house Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) and commercial kit were ca.98.4 % and 85% (n=5), under the same conc. of 6mM, 0.1 ml of SnCl2·2H2O, respectively. The Tc-99m labeling efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles with its dextran-coated was ca. 58.2% (n=5) at the same conc. and volume of SnCl2·2H2O. The in-vitro stabilities of the 3 kinds of magnetite magnetic fluids were higher than 96.0% (n=5) during 2 hours. The reducing agent of SnCl2·2H2O plays a key role due to its reducing ability for Tc-99m pertechnetate. The optimal reaction time of SnCl2·2H2O with Tc-99m is better under 1 hour. In conclusion, the Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticle labeled with Tc-99m pertechnetate has shown good qualities for its labeling efficiency and stability. It may be feasible preliminary to utilize in the application of magnetic targeted drug delivery of bio-medicine.
Laboratory Experiments on Effects of Water Jet on Heat-Affected Concretes
Authors: Bodnárová Lenka , Sitek Libor , Foldyna Josef , Klich Jiří , Hlaváček Petr
Published: October 2013

The paper is dealing with the effects of flat high-speed water jet on concretes affected by high temperature. Research should help to correct use of water jet technology in repair works on concrete structures especially after wildfires in tunnels, underground garages, etc., which are exposed to enormous thermal stress.
Application Using Sugar Sediment to Enhance Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete
Authors: Thongtha Atthakorn , Maneewan Somchai , Punlek Chantana , Ungkoon Yothin
Published: October 2013

The effect of fine sand replacement by the sugar sediment (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 weight %) on the physical and mechanical properties was studied in this work. The physical and mechanical properties of AAC with various contents of sugar sediment were focused on the density, the humidity, the water absorption, the open porosity volume, the compressive strength and the flexural strength. The average density, humidity, water absorption, volume of open porosity, compressive strength and flexural strength of all compositions had the value in the range of 0.57-0.61 g/cm3, 23.0-26.7 %, 0.38-0.40 g/cm3, 259-287 cm3, 4.4-5.9 N/mm2and 1.03-1.82 N/mm2, respectively. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength were found from the AAC sample with the sugar sediment content of 30%, which were 5.9 N/mm2and 18.14 N/mm2. Moreover, these samples also exhibited the density (0.60 g/cm3), the humidity (23.6%), the water absorption (0.39 g/cm3) and the volume of open porosity (272 cm3) were claimed in quality class of 4. The specimens of AAC with the sugar sediment content of 0-40% were claimed in quality class of 4, which based on the Thai Industrial Standard 1505-1998.
Calculating Algorithm for Torsional Stiffness of Conductors-Spacers
Authors: Qin Li , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2013

In galloping of transmission lines, the twist of bundled conductors plays an important role. So the research of torsional stiffness of conductors-spacers for in-depth study of the galloping of the transmission lines is important.In addition to considering the impact of previous studies involving some of the torsional stiffness of bundled conductors factors (such as the torsional stiffness of sub conductor, the actual tension, etc.), but also the effects of sag and line height difference are considered. Finally a theoretical torsional stiffness of conductors-spacers formula is deduced. With the previous formula and the measured data on the different conductor types, different sub conductor spacing and different initial tension conditions, theresults of this formula are closer to the measured data.
The Comprehensive Utilization of Fly Ash
Authors: Xu Shu Qin
Published: October 2013

China is a big country of production of fly ash, in this paper, the development status of China's coal ash and its comprehensive application situation, has analyzed the importance and the economy of the comprehensive utilization of fly ash.To provide reliable data for the comprehensive utilization of fly ash.
Research on Parameter Optimization Design of Unstable Water Injection for Heterogeneous Reservoir
Authors: Yang Man Ping , Zhang Feng , Li Shuo Lan , Xi Wan Cheng
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the orthogonal experimental design method is used to study the influences of various factors on unstable water flooding development effects aiming at the seven geological reservoir factors and five engineering factors that influence the unstable water flooding development effects of anisotropic reservoirs. Twenty seven (27) experimental programs are proposed in this paper. Compared with conventional water flooding, most of them can increase the recovery efficiency in a certain degree and the best one can increase it by 2.73%. The visual analyses of range and variance on the experimental results indicate that the key factors affecting the recovery efficiency increase of unstable water flooding are working system, amplitude of fluctuation, relative waterflood frequency and waterflood timing; the moderate factors are reservoir rhythmicity, capillary pressure, water injection cycle and the wettability; and the minor factors are permeability ratio, rock compressibility, viscosity of crude oil and the coefficient of variation. The development engineering factors have the highest influence, followed by the geological factors. An optimum program is achieved after optimizing the development engineering parameters.The average EOR efficiency it achives is 3.83%,which is higher than the preferred plan in the orthogonal experimental design,the parameter optimization effect is scientific and rreasonable.
CuIn1-xGaxSe2 Thin Films Prepared by Co-Evaporation Technique
Authors: Wu Ya Fen , Lee Jiunn Chyi
Published: October 2013

The optical properties of Cu-poor CuIn1-xGaxSe2 thin films with different gallium contents grown by co-evaporated technique were studied. Measurements of photoluminescence and photoreflectance were performed on the samples. The photoluminescence and photoreflectance emission peaks observed around 1.1 eV are attributed to donor-acceptor pair luminescence. These donor-acceptor pair emissions are considered to originate from relatively shallow acceptor and donor energy levels. With increasing gallium content, the emission peaks shift towards higher levels of photon energy, and the linewidths of the luminescence spectra for the samples become wider, which we attributes to the greater statistical disorder between indium and gallium. Moreover, the conversion efficiency of the CuIn1-xGaxSe2-based solar cells is obtained. The measured results coincide with the inference given by the photoluminescence spectra.
Broadband Light Harvesting Enhancement in Thin Film Solar Cells with Surface and Back Reflector Grating Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Xiang Yin , Jiang Li Yong
Published: October 2013

Nanostructures with top subwavelength hybrid dielectric gratings and metallic triangle back reflector in Si thin film solar cells (TFSCs) are introduced in this paper. Compared with the studied light-trapping structures with normal surface and bottom gratings, our optimized structure has a better performance. We can achieve above 26 percent average cell efficiency enhancement in contrast to the normal flat cells and about 40 percent increase with the transverse magnetic (TM) polarized irradiation only.
Hydrocarbon Prospect of Block VI, East Gobi Basin
Authors: Wang Lian Jin , Chen Yan Jun , Yang Chou Chou
Published: October 2013

2D seismic reflection data and magnetism data, gravity data and electrical data together define the overall subsurface structure of the East Gobi basin (EGB), and reflect Jurassic-Cretaceous intracontinental rift evolution through deposition of at least five distinct stratigraphic sequences. Three major NE-SW trending fault zones divide the basin[. In the paper, through strata sequence description and sedimentary facies analysis, as well as zone appraisal for the oil and gas in the study area, we conclude that western step-fault zone of the block VI of EGB was most favorable pay, then the reverse faulted-nose structure in the east, while in the western slope and eastern fault zone, their hydrocarbon prospect need further proved.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of LiFe (PO4)(1-x/3)Fx/C as a Cathode Material
Authors: Song Shi Tao , Wu Su Xia , Zhang Zhi Wei , Peng You Shun
Published: October 2013

on doping is an effective means to improve the performance of LiFePO4 material. In the present study, composites LiFe (PO4)(1-x/3)Fx/C (x=0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10) were synthesized by carbothermal reduction method. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope, and their electrochemical performances were investigated by constant current charge-discharge experiment. The results indicated that the low concentration F dopant did not affect the structure of LiFePO4 but considerable improved its electrochemical performances. The LiFe (PO4)0.98F0.06/C materials showed better electrochemical performances than LiFePO4/C. At 0.2 C discharging rate, the LiFe (PO4)0.98F0.06/C materials was capable of delivering reversible specific capacity of 165.1 mAh/g, with fairly stable cycleability. The excellent performance indicates that this mix-doped composite was a very promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries.
Software to Improve Control System in an Ethanol Distillation Process
Authors: de Albuquerque André Ribeiro Lins , Peixoto Cecília Sosa Arias , Teruo Kawamoto Júnior Luiz , Duarte Georgea , Schmitz Jones Erni , Xavier Cesar
Published: October 2013

This work has developed a predictive control solution based on specific models for the process of ethanol distillation. The advantages of such control are relative to the prediction of the consequences of the disturbances by the model, thus enabling the control action to be done in a previous manner, resulting in the minimization of the variables fluctuation controlled by the process. This results in, among other advantages, energy economy, in the improvement of the ethanol produced and in the increasing production capacity. Another desirable characteristic in this control mode is its capacity to act in non-linear systems as is the case of the distillation columns. Finally, it must be noted that with the application of an advanced control solution, as proposed in this study, it becomes viable, in a second moment, for the ethanol plants to operate in multiple operational conditions, such as: 1) maximum energy economy (scarcity of raw material, for example) and: 2) maximum production condition (for situations with excess of materials to be distilled). The models developed in this project will consist of purely empirical models. Several tests will be done in the different types of models to measure the precision and robustness. The proposed control strategy demonstrated be able to control selected control loops adequately. Steam savings and reduction of product losses were observed.
Enhancement of Thermodynamics Property of Gold-Nanofluids Synthesized in Thermal Storage Alkali Chlorate Salt for Concentration Solar Plants
Authors: Wu Di , Liu Shi
Published: October 2013

Concentrated solar thermal power generation is becoming a very attractive renewable energy production system among all the different renewable options, as it has have a better potential for dispatchability. Thus, of all components, thermal storage is a key one. However, it is also one of the less developed. The appropriate heat transfer fluid and storage medium is a key technological issue for the future success of solar thermal technologies. Molten salt as the most promising thermal energy storage medium in large-scale industrial application, the method which can improve the thermal storage ability should be proposed. But studies on this area are rare.This study will lay a foundation for the application of gold nanoparticles in molten salt which can remarkably improve the thermodynamic property. Thermal analysis methods and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are utilized to provide a review of the gold-salt composite materials microstructure.
Photovoltaic Cell Parameters Identification Using Nonlinear Mathematical Programming
Authors: Al-Hamadi Helal
Published: October 2013

This paper proposes a mathematical programming based approach for optimal estimation of photovoltaic cell model parameters. In this study, solar cell models are used to represent the current-voltage characteristics of the solar cell. The model is represented as a non-linear function that relates the cell current and voltage with some parameters to be estimated. No direct general analytical solution exists for such function. Given the input-output characteristic data of the solar cell, a mathematical programming technique is used to solve a set of transcendental equations to optimally estimate the solar cell parameters.
DWT-PLS Regression on Near-Infrared Spectra for Moisture Determination of Coal
Authors: Yang Xiao Li , Wang Fan , Wang Wen Chao , Chen Yun Xiu , Chen Ji Shu
Published: October 2013

We studied moisture determination in bituminous coal and lignitic coal samples using near-infrared (NIR) spectra. This research was developed by applying partial least squares regression (PLS) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Firstly, the NIR spectra were pre-processed by DWT for fitting and compression. Then, the compressed data were used to build regression model with PLS for moisture determination in coal samples. Compression performance at different resolution scales was investigated. Using the compressed data, PLS can obtain more accurate result than using raw spectra. The number of principal component in PLS model was investigated too. The results show DWT-PLS can obtain satisfactory determination performance for moisture analysis in bituminous coal and lignitic coal.
Numerical Simulation Analysis on Hazardous Area of Oil Gas Leakage and Dispersion in Underground Fuel Depot
Authors: Wang Dong , Jiang Xin Sheng , Ou Yi Hong , Zhou Jian Zhong
Published: October 2013

This paper is aimed to show that oil gas dispersion model of underground fuel depot are useful for predicting hazardous areas and choosing emergency response strategy. For this purpose, the factors affecting the dispersion process in the long narrow underground fuel depot are analyzed and the simulation model is put forward. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data and show the effects of oil gas flow rate and concentration on the hazardous areas.
Study on Multilateral well Productivity Prediction Technology
Authors: Wu Xiao Dong , Wang Rui He , Wang Yi Ning , Zhang Zhuang
Published: October 2013

The production of a multilateral horizontal well is higher than the production of a vertical well, even than that of a unilateral horizontal well. Nonetheless, the stimulation effect is significantly influenced by the branch parameters, and the impacts of branch parameters on the productivity of a multilateral horizontal well are rather complex. In this paper, the factors which affect the productivity of multilateral horizontal wells are preliminarily analyzed with the laboratory method of physical simulation. Then, a semi-analytical coupling model of wellbore flow and reservoir flow is built, and the multilateral horizontal wells are simulated to investigate the impacts of branch parameters on the stimulation effect of multilateral horizontal wells.
The Current Situation of the Development of Biofuels and Main Technical Problems
Authors: He Chang Wei
Published: October 2013

This paper provides three types of modern bio-fuels transformation approach, and the corresponding products as well as their world-wide production and application situation. The paper also analyses the advantage and disadvantage of Marine biological fuel and current challenges. Developing bio-fuels should not simply consider energy exploitation, but should concern setting up matched production system and multi-functional frameworks, highly integrating environmental, social, and economic resources, so as to achieve goal of long-term sustainable development.
Impact Analysis of Ignition Energy for Gas Explosive Limit
Authors: Meng Xiang Bao , Yu Guo Liang , Yao Qing Guo , Bao Chun Yan
Published: October 2013

Under the different experimental condition of ignition energy, the variations of gas explosive limit were obtained. The explosive limit ranges from 4.86% to 16.72%, under the condition of high ignition energy of 450 J. The result is quite different from the theoretical explosion limit range from 5% to 16%, thus providing a new basis to effectively prevent the gas explosion accidents.
Experimental Study of Solar-Air Composite Heat Pump System
Authors: Quan Zhen Hua , Wang Gang , Zhao Yao Hua , Deng Yue Chao , Xu Peng
Published: October 2013

In the light of low efficiency of photovoltaic power generation and the problems of air source heat pumps application in the cold regions, this paper developed a composite evaporator and designed a new type of solar-air composite heat pump system, which was comprised of independently developed solar photovoltaic-thermal collector based on flat plate micro heat pipe and air source heat pump. The performances of heat pump system were studied experimentally, including water temperature of the heating tank, suction and discharge pressure, and performance of heat pump. When 73L water in the heating tank was heated by 1 HP heat pump from 15°C to 50°C at the ambient temperature of 5°C, the running time of dual heat source operation conditions was 5.14% shorter than that of separate air heat source operation conditions. Meanwhile, COP increased by 5.99%.
Research and Application of 'Distribution Acquisition-Centralized Analysis' Vibration Monitoring Mode for Wind Turbine
Authors: Zhang Jin , Gu Yue , Xu Jia , Wang Jian Guo
Published: October 2013

With the rapid development of wind power in recent years, the wind power industry has gradually shifted from infrastructure construction to equipment operation and maintenance. The importance of the operation and maintenance of the wind turbine is increasingly apparent. A new vibration monitoring mode of wind turbine, called distribution acquisition-Centralized analysis, has been established by full investigation and study. This mode involves information technology, electronics technology and automation control technology. It is based on the mechanical movement principle and the principles of mechanics analysis. Throughout the one-year application of this vibration monitoring mode in wind farms, it is obseraved that: this model can grasp the operational status of the key equipment of the wind turbine, and effectively identify potential failures in a timely manner. This mode reduces costs of maintenance, improves equipment reliability and extends equipments operation time.
Research on Optimization Design for Independent Island Micro-Grid
Authors: Liu Hong Da , Zhang Li , Zhang Wen Hao , Qu Sheng Yue
Published: October 2013

nland grid cannot reach and cover the islands, and it is also difficult to complete the construction of the cross-sea grid, for these islands are usually far from the mainland. The research on the island micro-grid (solar/wind/tide/battery) is carried out based on the corresponding practical project on a island. The multi-object optimizing design method mainly based on the Deficiency of Power Supply Probability (DPSP) and the Levelised Unit Electricity Cost (LUEC) which represent the reliability of the power supply and the economical efficiency of the micro-grid system, respectively. The traversal algorithm is employed to obtain the capacity optimization configuration for the distributed generation units and the battery bank in the independent micro-grid. Meanwhile, a software designed for the capacity optimization configuration of the island hybrid system is presented. At last, the specific design for a independent island micro-grid is proposed, which validate the effeteness of the method presented in this paper.
The Virtual Optimization Design on the Variable-Pitch Actuator of Wind Turbine
Authors: Sun Tao , Qin Lu Fang
Published: October 2013

According to the load calculation of blade, the required maximum torque of rotational blade is obtained. A mathematic analysis method can be used to deduce the following results: the thrust of hydraulic cylinder is related to crank length, the connecting rod length, the eccentricity, the installation angle, and the variable-pitch driving force. Finally, the optimal values of pitch-controlled actuator are obtained. Based on three-dimensional modeling, assembly and dynamic simulation analysis, the virtual design of variable blade pitch mechanism is completed by using the software Pro/E. By means of dynamic simulation analysis, the rationality of this design is verified, facilitating the further on development mechanism's optimized design.
Analysis on Residual Capacity of Steel after High Temperature
Authors: Yang Xiu Ying
Published: October 2013

Steel material is very sensitive to temperature, the physical and mechanical properties at high temperature are distinct with those at room temperature. Taking steel beams as the research objects, based on EUROCODE3 for the steel properties at high temperature, this paper established numerical models and analyzed the carrying capacity of steel beams under different temperatures. According to the analysis, it is concluded that the higher the temperature, the lower the subsequent carrying capacity of the steel beam, and the formulas between them are defined by fitting the data.
Finite Element Analysis of Seismic Resistance of Masonry Structure in Rural China
Authors: Tang Fang
Published: October 2013

Buildings with masonry structures in rural areas of China have been the most severely damaged ones in earthquake disasters. This paper has analyzed the failure characteristics of rural masonry buildings in earthquake by summarizing the existing researches of the seismic resistance of masonry structures in rural areas, with its focus on the research of the intensity from VI to X. The constitutive relation model of damage developed by Yang Weizhong is used for the seismic analysis of rural masonry structures in combination with the failure criteria for masonry structures. The finite element software ANSYS is applied for the simulation and the results show that the damage of China's rural masonry structures regularly tends to weaken from the bottom to the top, with the seismic capacity of horizontal walls superior to longitudinal walls. As for vertical walls, due to their weak capacity, damage immediately occurs to them even in medium intensity earthquakes.
Analysis Importance of Developing Energy Saving Residential Building of Towns and Villages in Severe Cold Regions of Jilin Province
Authors: Qian Yong Mei , Wang Ruo Zhu , Yu Han
Published: October 2013

In this paper, through the analyzing the present situation of residential building of towns and villages in severe cold region of Jilin Province, it put forward that the existing problems of residential building of towns and villages, combined with the special climatic characteristics of Jilin Province located in the severe cold region, the importance of actively applying energy-saving measures is pointed out in the construction of residential building design, providing theoretical support for the development of the construction of energy saving residential building of towns and villages in severe cold region.
The Application Analysis of Temperature and Humidity Independent Control System for an Office Building in Beijing
Authors: Liu Qian Qian , Jing You Yin , Wang Jiang Jiang
Published: October 2013

The temperature and humidity independent control air-conditioning system's basic principle and relative equipments was introduced, and it with high energy efficiency and can be driven by low grade heat source. Selects a typical office building located in Beijing as the analysis object. The building annual hourly cooling and moisture loads were calculated by DeST. This system was compared with traditional condensation dehumidification air conditioning system in the COP and the energy saving.
EcoSmart: An Application for Smartphones for Monitoring Driving Economy
Authors: Astarita Vittorio , Festa Demetrio Carmine , Mongelli Domenico W.E.
Published: October 2013

nstantaneous consumption models are designed to provide an accurate description of fuel consumption by relating the instantaneous rate of consumption with the vehicle acceleration, speed and the engine dynamics. In principle, instantaneous consumption models allow users to calculate the fuel consumption for any profile of vehicle operation. Some kind of models that take into account only driving dynamics can be used to describe the variability of consumption. The procedure used by this type of models is to establish reference matrices (related to specific time intervals) that for each combination of speed and acceleration determine the rate of fuel consumption. This paper Describes the design of a mobile application for the estimation of consumption, and user behavior, that applies models of instantaneous consumption. A preliminary experimental survey has been the carried out to obtain a large data base related to the acquisition of cinematic and engine parameters to allow the development of the mobile application. The experimental acquisition of parameters was accomplished in dynamic driving, connecting the OBDII port to different models of vehicles. With this procedure, reference matrices of fuel consumption for each specific class of emission (as required by ECE 15.03 - Directive 78/665/EEC and ECE 15.04 - Directive 83/351/EEC) have been obtained. The mobile phone application, after receiving as input the vehicle specifications provided by the user, can associate the specified matrix of consumption to the cinematic parameters (instant speed and acceleration obtained by GPS measures) and by using each pair of speed and acceleration can give an estimate of consumption values. At the end of the trip the user can take view of all device information on consumption also by geo-displaying the information on a map (showing the path and the related point by point consumptions). The output of the system, that can also provide information related to the dynamic behaviour and energy management in the user guide style, have been confronted with real consumption data. The advantage of the application is to estimate fuel consumption and driving style, from just GPS data, without connecting the phone to OBDII port.
Study on Technology of Green Construction Material-Saving and Material Resources Utilization
Authors: Liu Xu Ling
Published: October 2013

With the increasing development of society and the economy, the concept of green construction gradually attracts the much attention, and has been more widely used. In the green construction process, materials and energy-saving is a very important aspect. The rapid development in information technology today, information technology in all walks of life have been fully applied. The digital technology has provided us with the opportunity of a construction design in a virtual environment. This paper first describes the concept of green construction, and then expounds the specific of technology on utilization of green construction material-saving and material resources,through combining with specific examples, expounds the specific benefits of green construction.
Research on Treatment of Algaes in Slightly Polluted Yellow River Water Using Combined Process
Authors: Liu Shuai Xia , Chen Yong
Published: October 2013

Research on removing algae in slightly polluted Yellow River water using four combined processes , compared the effect in removing algae of every combined process , It will provide a reference for the profess of treatment drinking water using Yellow River water as headwaters for the future.
The Optimal Method of Natural Gas Distribution of China
Authors: Zhang Ru Fei , Liu Li Jun
Published: October 2013

For one thing Energy distribution is an important link during the countrys sustainable development for another it is the key issue that decides whether a county is up to the international standard, therefore, increasingly importance has been attached to the selection and distribution of the energy. From the perspective of practical applications and the situation of Chinas natural gas assumption, we set up model and forecast China next three years natural gas assumption. Based on it, we found models in different industries, which maximize the degree of satisfaction of the natural gas consumption distributed to diverse vocations.
Data Envelopment Analysis to Evaluate Photovoltaic Plants in Italy
Authors: Cucchiella Federica , Gastaldi Massimo
Published: October 2013

The growing concern in the negative effects of fossil fuels on the environment and the heavy dependency on fossil fuels imports has forced many countries to use renewable energy sources. The Kyoto Protocol and the EU policies are examples of political goals fostering the use of these green sources. In this paper the efficiency of photovoltaic technology is evaluated with Data Envelopment Analysis in Italy considering installed power capacity, solar irradiation, investment and operating costs as inputs and energy intensity and the CO2 avoided as outputs; the more and the less efficient region is selected and an accurate analysis of the obtained resultsis outlined. The policy implications of the obtained results conclude the paper.
Preparation and Application of Light Conversionfilm Forexploiting Solar Energy
Authors: Sun Quan Min , Hu Guang Qi , Lin Zu Xing , Yu Lin Liang , Liu Xiao Tang , Yu Ying Sen
Published: October 2013

For take fully advantage of solar energy, the blue light conversion agent Ca0.6Sr0.4F2:Eu2+,Sm3+and the red light conversion agent CaS:Eu2+ were prepared in this paper. X-ray power diffraction (XRD) analysisconfirmed the phase formationof these light conversion agents.The luminescence intensity influencedby theconcentration of rare-earth-doped was discussed.Measuring results revealed thatthe blue and red agents canabsorb 375nm, 570nm radiations and emit 435nm, 640nmlight, respectively.The emitting spectra of them are matchedwith the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll. Light conversion film was prepared by introducing light conversion agents into polyethylene (PE). The trials of vegetables plantingin greenhouses that covered by conversion filmsindicate thatconversion films are able to enhance the availability of solar energy, and accelerate the ripening of vegetables, increase yield higher than 19.8%.
Effects of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal on Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Qi , Mo Hai Na , Lou Zi Qiao , Yang Ke Meng , Sun Yue , He Yuan Jun , Chen De Yuan
Published: October 2013

We have designed lateral contact thin film silicon-based solar cells with and without one-dimensional photonic crystals as back surface field layer. The photonic crystal comprises a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) for trapping the light. Simulations demonstrate that energy conversion efficiency and short circuit current ISC for c-Si solar cells with the photonic crystal structure are increased to 21.11% and 27.0 mA, respectively, from 18.33% and 22.8mA of the one without photonic crystal. In addition, the effects of DBRs consisting of different materials are investigated in our simulations. When the refractive index difference between sub-layers of the DBR is larger, the forbidden band width is broader, the reflectance of the DBR is higher, and more photons are reflected and trapped into the active region, then the absorption efficiency and the energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell are both increased. The bigger the refractive index difference of the DBRs sub-layers is, the broader the forbidden band width is. In addition, a-Si solar cells with and without DBR are also discussed.
The Design Method of Extended Range Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chen Ding Yue , Wang Li Feng , Chen Li Hao , Sun Yu , Bao Jian Chao
Published: October 2013

The energy and the environment are two main factors restraining the development of automobile industry. Besides its high feasibility, hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) also holds the advantages concerning with energy and environment. This article will discuss on the work mode and specific design scheme of the extended range electric vehicles (EREVs), one of HEVs most important research direction.
Research on Single-Stage Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System Based on orCAD/PSpice Analog Behavioral Model
Authors: Fang Bo , Guo Li Hui
Published: October 2013

According to mathematical physics model of PV Cell, the simulation model of Si PV array as well as controller model of PV power system is constructed with adoption of orCAD/PSpice10.5 ABM. On this basis, single-stage grid-connected PV system is simulated, and the system which is influenced by intensity of illumination and temperature is analyzed with CAD/PSpice simulation. The simulation results shows that large PV array power system can be simulated to a high approximation degree with CAD/PSpice ABM, and simulation of grid-connected PV power system based on orCAD/PSpice ABM is of practical significance.
Slaughterhouse Wastes: A Review on Regulations and Current Technologies for Biogas Production
Authors: Carlini Maurizio , Castellucci Sonia , Cocchi Silvia , Allegrini Elena
Published: October 2013

In recent years the use of waste biomass for energy generation is becoming an increasingly attractive opportunity, since it leads to several advantages, such as the possibility to eliminate wastes producing energy. As a consequence, the dependence on conventional fossil fuels and global warming can be further reduced. Animal By-Product (ABP) represents a waste produced especially during the slaughter of animals for human consumption, disposal of dead animals and disease control measures. ABPs disposal could lead to high costs and risks for the ecosystem: hence, they shall be used in a sustainable way, minimising health and environmental risks. In the present work, the use of Slaughterhouse Wastes (SHWs) in Anaerobic Digestion (AD) process has been investigated. In Europe biogas production from SHWs must comply with the Regulations No 1069/2009 and No 142/2011 which are carefully described in this study. Furthermore, some previous surveys on AD and co-digestion of ABPs with/without other substrates have been considered and compared in order to fix a starting point for future tests on this subject.