bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topical Ketoprofen Versus Placebo in Treatment of Acute Ankle Sprain in the Emergency Department
Authors: Serinken Mustafa , Eken Cenker , Elicabuk Hayri
Published: May 2016

Background:

Topical agents have been shown to be effective in soft tissue injuries and commonly used in outpatient clinics. However, the data regarding topical agents in the emergency department is insufficient, and they are not used often in the emergency department setting. The present study aimed to compare the effect of 2.5% topical ketoprofen (gel form) to placebo in patients presenting with ankle sprain to the emergency department.

Methods:

Patients presenting with ankle sprain composed the study population. Study patients were randomized into 2 study arms: 2.5% ketoprofen gel and placebo administered over a 5-cm area locally. Pain alleviation was measured by visual analog scale at 15 and 30 minutes. A total of 100 patients were included in the final analysis.

Results:

The median pain reduction in ketoprofen and placebo groups at 15 minutes was 27 (19.8-33.4) and 9 (7.6-17), respectively. The median pain reduction at 30 minutes for both groups was 42 (36-50.8) and 20 (17.6-24.4), respectively. Pain improvement either at 15 minutes (median difference: 16 [9-22]) or 30 minutes (median difference: 21 [15-27]) was better in the ketoprofen group than placebo. There were no adverse effects in either group.

Conclusion:

Ketoprofen gel was superior to placebo at 30 minutes in alleviating pain secondary to ankle sprain in the ED with a high safety profile. Further studies are needed concerning the effect of ketoprofen gel for long-term effects.

Level of Evidence:

Level I, high quality prospective randomized study.
Blast test and numerical simulation of point-supported glazing
Authors: Chen Suwen , Zhu Chen-Guang , Li Guo-Qiang , Lu Yong
Published: May 2016

The blast resistance of point-supported laminated glass curtain wall has been investigated by means of field blast tests and numerical simulation. Nine site blast tests were carried out, considering two types of glass thickness and six TNT charges ranging from 0.4 to 30 kg. The overpressure and displacement time histories were measured and the failure modes were observed. The overpressure obtained from the measurement panel exhibited a typical pattern of near-field blast with a steep increase followed by a rapid decay within a few milliseconds. The displacement response of the laminated glass panels increased with the increase in the TNT charge almost linearly in the smaller tests (scaled distance ranging 4.5–7 m/kg1/3), which was in line with the increase in the blast impulse in these tests. The failure mode of the point-supported laminated glass panels was featured by tearing off of the polyvinyl butyral layer around the support area, while the glass shards still adhered to the polyvinyl butyral interlayer. Nonlinear dynamic finite element simulation agrees reasonably well with the results from the blast tests. Severe stress concentration has been predicted to occur at the rim of the support holes, leading to initiation of failure at these supports, and this also agrees with the failure mode observed from the blast test. Finally, parametric studies are carried out to investigate the influence of TNT charge weight and the geometric parameters of the panel on the blast response of the glass curtain wall.
A Public Policy Advocacy Project to Promote Food Security
Authors: Atkey Kayla M. , Raine Kim D. , Storey Kate E. , Willows Noreen D.
Published: May 2016

To achieve food security in Canada, comprehensive approaches are required, which involve action at the public policy level. This qualitative study explored the experiences of 14 stakeholders engaging in a 9-month participatory public policy advocacy project to promote community food security in the province of Alberta through the initiation of a campaign to develop a Universal School Food Strategy. Through this exploration, four main themes were identified; a positive and open space to contribute ideas, diversity and common ground, confidence and capacity, and uncertainty. Findings from this study suggest that the participatory advocacy project provided a positive and open space for stakeholders to contribute ideas, through which the group was able to narrow its focus and establish a goal for advocacy. The project also seems to have contributed to the group’s confidence and capacity to engage in advocacy by creating a space for learning and knowledge sharing, though stakeholders expressed uncertainty regarding some aspects of the project. Findings from this study support the use of participatory approaches as a strategy for facilitating engagement in public policy advocacy and provide insight into one group’s advocacy experience, which may help to inform community-based researchers and advocates in the development of advocacy initiatives to promote community food security elsewhere.
Exploring Instructional Strategies and Learning Theoretical Foundations of eHealth and mHealth Education Interventions
Authors: Tamim Suha R. , Grant Michael M.
Published: May 2016

This qualitative study aimed at exploring how health professionals use theories and models from the field of education to create ehealth and mhealth education interventions in an effort to provide insights for future research and practice on the development and implementation of health promotion initiatives. A purposeful sample of 12 participants was selected, using criterion and snowballing sampling strategies. Data were collected and analyzed from semistructured interviews, planning materials, and artifacts. The findings revealed that none of the participants used a specific learning theory or an instructional model in their interventions. However, based on participants’ description, three themes emerged: (1) connections to behaviorist approaches to learning, (2) connections to cognitivist approaches to learning, and (3) connections to constructivist approaches to learning. Suggested implications for practice are (1) the design of a guidebook on the interplay of learning theories, instructional models, and health education and (2) the establishment of communities of practice. Further research can (1) investigate how learning theories and models intertwine with health behavior theories and models, (2) evaluate how the different instructional strategies presented in this study affect learning outcomes and health behavior change processes, and (3) investigate factors behind the instructional strategies choices made by health professionals.
Dynamic responses of a wind turbine drivetrain under turbulent wind and voltage disturbance conditions
Authors: Li Chengwu , Zhou Yunpeng , Lim Teik C , Sun Guohua
Published: May 2016

Wind energy is known as one of the most efficient clean renewable energy sources and has attracted extensive research interests in both academic and industry fields. In this study, the effects of turbulent wind and voltage disturbance on a wind turbine drivetrain are analyzed, and a wind turbine drivetrain dynamic model combined with the electric model of a doubly fed induction generator is established. The proposed model is able to account for the dynamic interaction between turbulent wind, voltage disturbance, and mechanical system. Also, the effects of time-varying meshing stiffness, transmission error, and bearing stiffness are included in the mechanical part of the coupled dynamic model. From the resultant model, system modes are computed. In addition, by considering the actual control strategies in the simulation process, the effects of turbulent wind and voltage disturbance on the geared rotor system are analyzed. The computational results show that the turbulent wind and voltage disturbance can cause adverse effects on the wind turbine drivetrain, especially the gearbox. A series of parametric studies are also performed to understand the influences of generator and gearbox parameters on the drivetrain system dynamics. Finally, the appropriate generator parameters having a positive effect on the gearbox in alleviating the extreme loads and the modeling approach for investigating the transient performance of generator are discussed.
Attentional bias toward high-calorie food-cues and trait motor impulsivity interactively predict weight gain
Authors: Meule Adrian , Platte Petra
Published: May 2016

Strong bottom-up impulses and weak top-down control may interactively lead to overeating and, consequently, weight gain. In the present study, female university freshmen were tested at the start of the first semester and again at the start of the second semester. Attentional bias toward high- or low-calorie food-cues was assessed using a dot-probe paradigm and participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. Attentional bias and motor impulsivity interactively predicted change in body mass index: motor impulsivity positively predicted weight gain only when participants showed an attentional bias toward high-calorie food-cues. Attentional and non-planning impulsivity were unrelated to weight change. Results support findings showing that weight gain is prospectively predicted by a combination of weak top-down control (i.e. high impulsivity) and strong bottom-up impulses (i.e. high automatic motivational drive toward high-calorie food stimuli). They also highlight the fact that only specific aspects of impulsivity are relevant in eating and weight regulation.
An Exploratory Study on Instructor Conduct and Characteristics in the Online Classroom as Predictors of Student Participation
Authors: Vincent Pamela , Pilotti Maura , Hardy Pamela
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the relationship between instructors’ defining characteristics (including conduct, personality traits, and past experiences of ingratitude) and student participation in online asynchronous course discussions. Data on traits and experiences were collected from 165 instructors in a variety of disciplines, and analyses of conduct exhibited by instructors and students in mandatory discussion forums were performed. In this study, the amount of time an instructor spent in discussion forums was positively correlated with the amount of time students spent in the course. Manner of relating to students was positively correlated with the number of student replies to the instructor. An instructor’s openness to experience was related to students’ overall response rates. This distinctive pattern fosters further inquiry into the unique aspects of the pedagogy of asynchronous online learning.
India’s Second Green Revolution: Portends for Future and Possible Alternatives
Authors: Bajpai Vikas
Published: May 2016

While the First Green Revolution (FGR) in India saw the advent of agribusiness in the role of providing technological inputs for agricultural revolution, the Second Green Revolution (SGR) is directed at building the dominance of multinational agribusiness corporations in conjunction with the Indian corporate sector at every level of the country’s food chain. The article draws upon the experiences of the states targeted by FGR to conclude that the SGR cannot but have catastrophic consequences in the given socio-economic milieu of the states to which SGR is targeted. An attempt has also been made to suggest alternative strategies for ensuring the food security in India.
So What “Should” We Use? Evaluating the Impact of Five Racial Measures on Markers of Social Inequality
Authors: Howell Junia , Emerson Michael O.
Published: May 2016

In recent years, researchers have increasingly noted the malleability of racial boundaries across time, context, and life course. Although this research has advanced our knowledge of the maintenance and perceptions of racial groups, it has introduced a new question: If we are attempting to best capture the actual variation in racial inequality, how should we operationalize race? Using the 2006 wave of the Portraits of American Life Study, a national-level, in-home survey with extensive race measures and oversamples of Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians, the authors identify five ways that race can be and to varying degrees is operationalized: census, combined race/ethnic, pentagon, triracial, and skin tone measures. Using the Vuong non-nested model tests, the authors compare the effectiveness of these five measurements in predicting three measures of social inequality: household income, education, and self-rated health. The authors find that overall, Hollinger’s ethnoracial pentagon is best able to capture existing inequality. Thus, for scholars attempting to understand variation in contemporary racial inequality, this research suggests that scholars should use five monoracial categories: White, Black, Hispanic, Native American and Asian.
The Effect of Phentolamine on Reversing Soft Tissue Anesthesia
Authors: Verma V. , Ramamoorthi M. , Morris M. , Siddiqui F. , Esfandiari S.
Published: May 2016

Long-lasting numbness of soft tissues such as lips, tongue, and cheeks after dental anesthesia is not only unpleasant but has the potential to cause self-inflicted damage to the numb tissue. Phentolamine mesylate, when injected in vicinity to the site of local anesthesia, accelerates the absorption of local anesthesia. Dental use of this drug was approved in the United States and Canada in 2008 and 2014, respectively. The rapidly increasing popularity of this novel technology (intraoral phentolamine injections) warrants a health technology assessment for clinicians. A medical librarian conducted a systematic literature search (up to March 1, 2016) for any clinical study involving intraoral phentolamine injection. Meta-analysis of the efficacy data from 4 clinical studies supports the role of intraoral phentolamine injections in shortening the duration of numbness after local anesthesia. No publication bias was found in the selected studies. The selected studies identified no serious adverse events other than pain at the site of injection and some postprocedural pain. Our cost-effectiveness analysis shows phentolamine mesylate to be an effective treatment modality when compared with no treatment, sham, or placebo injection. Phentolamine mesylate incurs an additional cost (in US dollars) of $0.13 to $0.16 per minute of reversing the soft tissue local anesthesia and $0.38 to $0.46, when compared with sham or placebo injection, after a noninvasive dental procedure. The literature lacked substantial evidence in favor of clinical benefits, such as a decrease in self-inflicted injuries. Only a subgroup of the dental patient population undergoing specific dental procedures would benefit from accelerated recovery from numbness.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Intraoral phentolamine to reverse numbness is a new intervention with ambiguous utility. With consideration of cost and patient preference, evidence generated by this report may be used in clinical decision making and case selection for this intervention.
Effectiveness of interventions for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and mental health problems: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Koslowski Nadine , Klein Kristina , Arnold Katrin , Kösters Markus , Schützwohl Matthias , Salize Hans Joachim , Puschner Bernd
Published: May 2016

Background

There is a lack of available evidence in relation to the effectiveness of interventions for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disability and mental health problems.

Aims

To evaluate the efficacy of interventions for adults with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities and co-occurring mental health problems.

Method

An electronic literature search of the databases Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and EBM Reviews aimed at identifying randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials testing any type of intervention (psychotherapy, biological or system level) for people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities (IQ score 35–69) targeting comorbid mental health problems. Additionally a meta-analysis was conducted.

Results

Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. No significant effect was found for the predefined outcome domains behavioural problems, depression, anxiety, quality of life and functioning. The effect size for depression (d= 0.49) was moderate but non-significant. Quality of studies was moderate and heterogeneity was high.

Conclusions

There is no compelling evidence supporting interventions aiming at improving mental health problems in people with mild to moderate intellectual disability. The number of available trials is too low for definite conclusions. Some interventions are promising and should be evaluated further in larger and more rigorous trials.
Back Pain and Neuraxial Anesthesia
Authors: Benzon Honorio T. , Asher Yogen G. , Hartrick Craig T.
Published: May 2016

The incidence of back pain after neuraxial anesthesia in the adult population is not different from that after general anesthesia. The pain is usually mild, localized in the low back, rarely radiates to the lower extremities, and has a duration of only a few days. The risk factors for development of back pain include the lithotomy position, multiple attempts at block placement, duration of surgery longer than 2.5 hours, body mass index ≥32 kg/m2, and a history of back pain. However, there is no permanent worsening of preexisting back pain after neuraxial anesthesia. The back pain has been attributed to tears in the ligaments, fascia, or bone with localized bleeding; immobility of the spine; relaxation of the paraspinal muscles under anesthesia; flattening of the normal lumbar convexity; and stretching and straining of the lumbosacral ligaments and joint capsules. The addition of an anti-inflammatory drug to the local anesthetic used for skin infiltration may decrease the incidence and severity of back pain. The use of spinal or epidural anesthesia in the adult, non-obstetric and obstetric populations should depend on the advantages offered by the technique and not on the occurrence of back pain after the procedure. Additional studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of epidural dexamethasone, or other steroids, or the addition of an anti-inflammatory drug to the local anesthetic infiltration for the prevention of back pain after neuraxial anesthesia. Future studies should involve a physician with expertise in the evaluation of chronic low back pain to help identify the cause of the back pain and institute appropriate treatment(s).
Narrative and Normative Pattern: On Interpreting Fiction, with Special Regard to (Un)Reliability
Authors: Yacobi Tamar
Published: May 2016

Interpretive disputes about the text's implied normative framework (its aesthetics, ideology, reality-model) involve the reliability of the fictive narrator who mediates between interpreter and implied author. Narrative and normative reconstruction must go together. But how to determine the relations between the text's overt (narratorial) and implicit (authorial) frameworks, considering that the one can never be taken on trust and the other can never speak except through its questionable proxy? Here two modes of discourse necessarily interact, one given (in or as fiction) and the other hypothetical (behind the fiction). As regards the norms of communication, the first mode depends for its reliability on the second; as regards the forms of communication, the second depends for its discovery on the first.

Though omnipresent, our difficulties in relating narrative to normative structure yet vary widely, and this essay considers three major variables that affect every interpretive activity: (1) the conventionality of the implied system of norms; (2) its degree of explicitness; and (3) the control of interpretive difficulties through compensation systems. Some texts simplify the reader's task by reducing fictional mediation to a minimum. Their norms are (a) conventional in cultural context; (b) explicitly formulated by (c) a speaker who would appear, or has proved, reliable. This transparent communication is favored by popular literature and by didactic or strongly ideological texts. The other extreme combines divergence, implicitness, and unreliability into the opaque (or ambiguous) discourse typical of modernism and experimental narrative. The intermediate cases have at least one variable that facilitates interpretation, so making up for the more problematic sides of the discourse. For instance, explicitness often compensates for deviance, where (as in Tolstoy's Kreutzer Sonata) the work advocates idiosyncratic norms.
Grounds for Reclamation: Fascism and Postfascism in the Pontine Marshes
Authors: Stewart-Steinberg Suzanne
Published: May 2016

Fascism’s success in building communities and structures of conviviality was for many years avoided by the critical scholarship on Italian fascism. More recently, however, fascist land reclamation has become a favored topic in Italian historiographical revisionism: it has become an argument for the regime’s “revolutionary” aspects.

This article argues that “land reclamation” was a fundamental policy and ideology of Italian fascism. It claims that reclamation furnishes the literal and figurative grounds of consent to the regime: this is to say, reclamation as policy and ideology was not only successful in creating consent but was a crucial site for its creation: reclamation was rooted in the idea of a politics and discourse that arise from the ground. This essay is an intervention into these debates: it argues that “land reclamation” is the tool used now by revisionist postfascist discourses in a new politics of memory.
Language and Metaphysics Rejoined: Thomas Linacre and Grammar beyond the Sign
Authors: Leeds John
Published: May 2016

Recent scholarship has asserted that Renaissance humanists adopted an effectively poststructuralist view of language as a sign system independent of extramental reality. But language involves more than signs, and this scholarly position squares poorly with the theory of verbal mood advanced by Thomas Linacre (1460–1524), physician and founding father of English humanism. As grammarian, Linacre adds a sixth mood to the five inherited from Priscian, classifying almost every use of Priscian's subjunctive mood under his new heading, the potential mood. As physician, Linacre translates texts from Galen that show his view of physiology to be thoroughly Aristotelian, grounded as it is on the distinction between actuality and potentiality. On this basis, Linacre rejects the standard rhetorical approach to the moods as “affections of the mind,” preferring instead a philosophical view. By shifting the subjunctive functions to his potential mood, Linacre gives us a verbal system in which the indicative and subjunctive moods represent not just dispositions of mind but basic aspects of extramental being, the actual and the potential. In so doing, Linacre asserts a fundamental continuity between grammar and metaphysical reality.
Visualizing Sacred History: Peter Dell's Resurrection and Lutheran Image Theology
Authors: Nelson Jennifer
Published: May 2016

In 1529, Peter Dell the Elder (1490–1552) made a relief sculpture of the Resurrection for Duke Heinrich of Saxony. At this time, Heinrich was shifting toward his wife Katharina's Lutheranism despite his elder brother Georg's disapproval. The relief's disjunctive, nonillusionistic appearance resonates with Lutheran image theology. Its maintenance of visual difference exemplifies a faith in sacred history's power to transcend historical difference; the relief depicts Heinrich's conversion as one sacrohistorical event among many. The relief's disjunctive appearance also provides an occasion to propose the general heuristic term “chimerism” to describe a specific kind of visual form: not a hybrid that fuses different visual modes, but a chimera that joins unlike features while preserving their differences.
State policy of counteraction to distribution of extremism among young people: problem aspects
Authors: Хмызова  , Khmyzova Elena
Published: May 2016

The article is devoted to the actual problems connected with manifestation of extremist behavior among youth. The basic principles of counteraction of extremist activity are revealed. The analysis of the legislative base regulating policy of counteraction to extremism in the Russian Federation is provided. The author shows the mechanism of state policy realization on counteraction to extremism among young people. The priority measures of the Russian state policy directed to decrease in a possibility of involvement of youth in the extremist organizations and associations are revealed and generalized.
Priority measures of state regulation of labor market in the Russian Federation
Authors: Малик  , Malik Elena , Абрамова  , Abramova Anastasiya
Published: May 2016

The authors have analysed bases and principles of state policy of work and employment of the population in modern Russia. Social and economic conditions of policy formation of work and employment of the population at the federal and regional levels are revealed. The authors have proved an objective requirement of using optimum ways of creation of working conditions both at the federal, and regional levels. Factors of increasing overall performance of public service employment of the population in modern social and economic conditions of the Russian reality are specified.
Constitutional and legal institute of public hearings:procedures and problems of implementation
Authors: Федина  , Fedina Svetlana
Published: May 2016

The article presents the main aspects of the legal regulation of public hearings in the municipalities (on the basis of the municipality “Orel City”). The order of organization and procedure of public hearings is considered. The author analyzed the current status and importance of public hearings and determined the most common problems of this legal Institute; recommendations for their solution are offered.
Teaching children good inhaler technique
Authors: McMurray Ann , Westwood Julie
Published: May 2016

Poor inhaler technique can lead to poor symptom control, reduced school attendance and an increase in emergency visits. School nurses can play an important role in teaching children and young people, as well as their families and school staff correct inhaler technique. This article provides an overview of some the most common types of inhalers and associated technique.
Reducing the risk of skin cancer: The importance of sun protection at school
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2016

Most skin cancers, which are among the most common malignancies in the UK, follow excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and are, therefore, potentially preventable. In general, most people receive much of their lifetime UV exposure as children and adolescents, and sun damage during childhood markedly increases the risk of developing skin cancer in later life. This article considers elements that nurses could include in their school's safe sun policies and when educating pupils, parents and staff. In addition, school nurses could encourage the curriculum and timetable to consider sun protection and inform architectural discussions. Sunlight is, however, the main source of vitamin D in the UK. People who avoid all sun exposure should consider having their serum vitamin D measured. If levels are reduced or deficient, nurses could consider suggesting increasing vitamin D intake.
What to do if you are worried a child or young person is at risk of, or has been radicalised
Authors: Hayward Melanie
Published: May 2016

The ‘What to do if’ series aims to provide school nursing practitioners with practical safeguarding information on a variety of issues. This first article focusses on radicalisation.
Sex and Relationship Education (SRE): How do we compare?
Authors: Dawe Natasha
Published: May 2016

Natasha Dawe shares her views on the state of Sex and Relationship Education in the UK and looks at what lessons we could learn from other countries.
Nutritional necessities for the covering stallion
Authors: Mitchell Briony
Published: May 2016

Briony Mitchell MSc (Hons) senior nutritionist at Baileys Horse Feeds discusses the importance of good quality nutrition when feeding for breeding
A day in the life of an intern at the Animal Health Trust
Authors: Routh Jenny
Published: May 2016

Jenny Routh relates her experiences as a newly qualified vet at one of the UK's best known referral centres
Better together: the benefits of collaboration
Authors: Westen Hanna
Published: May 2016

Hanna Westen, campaigns officer for research and education at World Horse Welfare, discusses the charity's ethos and key achievements as a result of partnership working
Are you getting the best from your budget?
Authors: Rawstrone Annette
Published: May 2016

In the second part of our three-part series, Annette Rawstrone talks to providers to find out how they are making their budgets stretch when they shop for quality ingredients. She discovers it is all in the planning.
Always in the loop
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: May 2016

Apps are rapidly taking over from websites, texting and email as a way for nurseries to keep parents fully informed. Sal McKeown talks to a nursery group in Scotland to find out what its customised app offers.
Look what I saw!
Authors: Garner Lynne
Published: May 2016

Real animals and mythical beasts people Moira Butterfield's lift-the-flap book, I Saw A Shark, which provides opportunities to engage children with observations, counting, and exploring the natural world.
Got magnetism?
Authors: White Hilary
Published: May 2016

All budding scientists need to start their careers with hands-on exploration – and magnets are a great way to spark a child's interest in what can be the beginning of scientific study, says Hilary White.
A special visitor
Authors: Harries Judith
Published: May 2016

When used by skilled practitioners, Persona Dolls are a powerful resource for encouraging children to think and talk about their emotions and understand difference. Judith Harries provides an introduction.
Exploring the Nature of Narrative Analysis in Maps: the Case Study of the Georgia-South Ossetia Conflict
Authors: Minde Julie
Published: May 2016

The use of narrative analyses has been used to further our understanding of conflict.  While maps have been recognized as objects of power and identity, study of them as narratives has until recently been under-developed. This paper will present exploratory narrative study of maps and mapping associated with a conflict case study; Georgia and South Ossetia in the Caucasus. Texts and stories embedded into Western cartographical maps will be examined using structuralist, functionalist and post-structuralist analyses.
How to Construct a Common Narrative from among the Competing Accounts: Narrative templates as cultural limiters to narrative transformations
Authors: Garagozov Rauf
Published: May 2016

Narrative approach to interethnic conflicts considers them as competing stories. In this con-nection, it is argued that for effective conflict resolution the competing narratives should un-dergo certain transformations that could bring them towards their convergence into a common one.  However, discussions of narrative transformations to conflict resolution often fail to differentiate between surface narratives and underlying schematic narrative templates. In this regard schematic narrative templates which are deeply entrenched with patterns of collective memory and identity can serve as “cultural limiter” which restrains the process of narrative transformations.  This thesis is illustrated through the narrative analysis of the BBC Russian Service video report “Karabakh: Two Versions of the Story” (aired on 18th April, 2011). In the analysis of the BBC video report the author employs some procedures which are suggested by the model of “chronotopic” method.
Influences of Mold Fungi Colonization on Wheat Straw–Polypropylene Composites
Authors: He Chunxia , Yao Xuexia , Xue Jiao , Xiong Jing , Zhao Limei
Published: May 2016

Wheat straw–polypropylene (PP) composites were formed by mixing compression molding to evaluate the susceptibility to mold fungi colonization. The surface morphology, water absorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and color variation of the wheat straw–PP composites were investigated before and after colonization with five kinds of mold fungi (after 1, 2, 3, and 4 wk). Macromorphologic and micromorphologic observations indicated fungal colonization was not obvious during the first week, and the wheat straw was perfectly encapsulated in the PP matrix. The original cracks became small holes when the outer wheat straw at the top surface was degraded after fungal colonization for 2 weeks. Consequently, the inner wheat straw was exposed to the fungal environment, and fungal colonization increased. Similar change trends were obtained through FT-IR spectra and color-change analyses. Some characteristic peak ratios in the FT-IR spectra were calculated to investigate the relative degradation rate. Results showed that the fungi used in this study preferentially degraded hemicellulose, followed by lignin, and then cellulose. The carbonyl and lignin indices were used to illustrate the loss in wheat straw mass during the process of colonization. The carbonyl index showed good correlation with the color change. A similar conclusion was obtained for the lignin index. The correlation analyses suggest color change has a close relationship to the process of degradation in wheat straw.
Selecting Statistical Procedures for Quality Control Planning Based on Risk Management
Authors: Yago Martín , Alcover Silvia
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

According to the traditional approach to statistical QC planning, the performance of QC procedures is assessed in terms of its probability of rejecting an analytical run that contains critical size errors (PEDC). Recently, the maximum expected increase in the number of unacceptable patient results reported during the presence of an undetected out-of-control error condition [Max E(NUF)], has been proposed as an alternative QC performance measure because it is more related to the current introduction of risk management concepts for QC planning in the clinical laboratory.

METHODS

We used a statistical model to investigate the relationship between PEDC and Max E(NUF) for simple QC procedures widely used in clinical laboratories and to construct charts relating Max E(NUF) with the capability of the analytical process that allow for QC planning based on the risk of harm to a patient due to the report of erroneous results.

RESULTS

A QC procedure shows nearly the same Max E(NUF) value when used for controlling analytical processes with the same capability, and there is a close relationship between PEDC and Max E(NUF) for simple QC procedures; therefore, the value of PEDC can be estimated from the value of Max E(NUF) and vice versa. QC procedures selected by their high PEDC value are also characterized by a low value for Max E(NUF).

CONCLUSIONS

The PEDC value can be used for estimating the probability of patient harm, allowing for the selection of appropriate QC procedures in QC planning based on risk management.
Interview with Harrison Blum
Authors: Williamson Amanda
Published: May 2016

This interview with Harrison Blum explores his current work in Buddhism, movement studies and mindfulness practices. Here, Harrison shares some of his approaches to Buddhism, education and movement practices, as well as his background and interest in Buddhism. I ask questions such as:
how can Buddhist precepts and principles enhance improvisational dance modalities?; and what are the health benefits, for a dancer, when applying Buddhist principles to dance practice?
Reflections on the Yearbook from the 1990’s to the Present
Authors: Silva J. S. , Ball M. J.
Published: May 2016

The authors highlight IMIA’s progress over the past twenty years as a key bridging organization that translates health informatics theory into practice. In contrast, they describe that electronic health record (EHR) systems built in the 20th Century are not meeting the needs of clinical users. Moreover, these EHRs are not architected to keep pace with the rapid changes in the evolving health ecosystem. They conclude that 21st Century health IT systems need to be architected into an ecosystem-wide suite of interacting complex adaptive systems that support individuals, clinicians, managers and policy-makers with the high value/high usability computing paradigm that dominates the Internet today.
Integration of Information for Patient Care: 2015 Redux
Authors: Rienhoff O.
Published: May 2016

Medical workstations are getting more and more powerful – however for the last decades they have been slow in making their way into the everyday life in medical care. In some resource rich organisations or smaller countries, their advance has gone further than elsewhere – however, a tipping point has not been reached. Again and again, new technologies and developments are pushing the need for integration of workstations into medical processes – currently the quantified self wave – however more options lead to more complexity and this growing complexity makes it more difficult to integrate the power of medical workstations in given culturally primed scenarios.
Love in a time of Ebola: reflections on theology of medicine in resource-challenged environments
Authors: Sloane Andrew
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a much needed (philosophical and) theological framework for the practice of Christian medicine in resource-challenged environments. While “health and healing” are often seen as determining the nature and goals of medicine, I believe that this distorts our understanding and practice of medicine. Rather, medicine is about care: it is an expression of a community’s solidarity with people whose inherent vulnerability and finitude is exposed by the physical or psychological disruptions occasioned by disease, disability, or disaster; it aims to so care for them that their inherent worth as members of the human community is affirmed and that they are able to function well in community, where possible, and to the best of our ability in the circumstances in which we find ourselves. This both requires costly service in contexts of scarcity and informs the kind of care that ought to be provided to those in need.
Christian involvement in Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Downing Raymond
Published: May 2016

The Sustainable Development Goals are the latest means to attempt to attain health for all as an end. This article examines this means from a Biblical perspective, asking Christians to examine not only the means we use to achieve ends, but more profoundly the way we determine what our ends are.
Teleradiology service for mission hospitals: initial experiences in Ethiopia and Kenya
Authors: Larrison Matthew , Cheng Stanley G. , McManus Stephen
Published: May 2016

Throughout their history, mission hospitals have provided high quality and lifesaving medical care to regions of the world where medical care is sparse. These hospitals are generally built and equipped through a combination of governmental and non-governmental sources. As advances in diagnostic medical imaging have progressed and become mainstream in the developed world, mission hospitals have adopted advanced imaging modalities. These modalities provide early diagnosis and treatment options for their patients. In addition to the installation and operation of advanced imaging equipment, the need for professional expert interpretation of these studies remains a challenge for mission hospitals. Historically these hospitals have used either voluntary services on site or paid for interpretations from local radiologists; however, with the introduction of high speed internet, teleradiology has become a possibility. This article describes the teleradiology experience of two mission hospitals in rural Africa.
Human, snake, and environmental factors in human-snake conflict in North Bihar — a one-year descriptive study
Authors: Longkumer Takanungsang , Armstrong Lois Joy , Santra Vishal , Finny Philip
Published: May 2016

Background: The state of Bihar has the third largest number of snakebite deaths in India. The purpose of this study is to explore the factors related to human-snake conflicts in northwest Bihar and southern Nepal. Using these findings, various strategies were proposed to reduce the incidence of snakebites.
Method: Data were collected from 609 patients at Duncan Hospital in Raxaul, Bihar, India between 1 July 2012 and 30 June 2013. Patients were included if they had a history of snakebite or unknown bites. Patients with symptoms of envenomation but no known bites were also included, as were patients who were dead on arrival due to a snakebite.
Results: The 10-19 year old age group is the peak age group (28.4%) for snakebite. There is a slight preponderance of males (52.7%). 51.4% of bites occurred on the foot/ankle. The envenomation rate was 12.6%. The mortality rate of those envenomed that arrived at the hospital alive was 6.3%. Fourteen people were dead on arrival at the hospital.
75% of people were unable to identify what, or what type of snake, bit them. Common Wolf Snakes (Lycodon aulicus) were the most common snakes brought to the hospital, followed by Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja). Patients who brought snakes to the hospital and attempted identification were all successful at identifying cobras, but all those who brought in Common Wolf Snakes incorrectly identified them as Kraits.
The highest monthly frequency of snakebites occurred between June and September; while on a daily basis, the highest frequency occurred between 1700hrs-2200hrs, the time in which 39.1% of all bites occurred.
59.2% of the bites occurred in and around the house. Farming, housework, sleeping, playing, and toileting in fields were the activities most commonly occurring when bitten. Sleeping on the floor increased the risk of envenomation [OR= 5.8, 95%CI 1.8-18.6], while sleeping under a mosquito net decreased the risk of envenomation [OR= 0.17, 95%CI 0.04-0.6].
Conclusion: Snakebite is a rural hazard in Northern Bihar, not just an occupational hazard. Use of toilets and sleeping on beds with well tucked in mosquito nets may help prevent snakebites. Education to reduce the risk of snakebites should begin in childhood and be regularly reinforced prior to the rainy season. Prevention measures should include environmental management such as keeping eating areas clean and keeping food storage and sleeping areas a distance apart.
Arrhythmia in Congenital Heart Disease – A Current Perspective
Authors: O’Neill Louisa , Chubb Henry , O’Neill Mark D ,   Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King’s College London, London, UK,   Department of Cardiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital and Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK,   Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King’s College London, London, UK,   Department of Cardiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital and Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK,   Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King’s College London, London, UK,   Department of Cardiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital and Evelina Children’s Hospital, London, UK
Published: May 2016

Cardiac arrhythmia is a common presenting complaint in adult patients with treated congenital heart disease. (CHD) Advances in surgical and electrophysiological intervention, combined with improved mechanistic understanding, mean that effective arrhythmia treatment is a realistic expectation for this challenging patient group. This short commentary outlines the current paradigm for arrhythmia management across the spectrum of adult congenital heart disease.
Involvement of Regucalcin in Protein Synthesis and Proteolysis: Regulation of the Enzyme Activity in the Cytoplasm and Nucleus
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayoshi
Published: May 2016

Regucalcin was discovered in 1978 as a novel calcium-binding protein. The name, regucalcin, was proposed for this calcium-binding protein, which regulates various Ca2+- or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent enzyme activations. The regucalcin gene (gene symbol;rgn) is localized on the X chromosome. Regucalcin has been demonstrated to play a multifunctional role in the regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, signal transduction, gene expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis in various types of cells and tissues. The cytoplasmic regucalcin translocases to the nucleus and suppresses nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis. Moreover, regucalcin has been shown to reveal a suppressive effect on protein synthesis and a stimulatory effect on protein degradation. Regucalcin has been found to inhibit aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and activate thiol protease. Â Regucalcin may play a suppressive role in the regulation of protein turnover in cells.
Répteis que um dia dominaram os mares
Authors: Sgarbi Geraldo Norberto Chaves , Bittencourt Jonathas , Marinho Thiago da Silva
Published: May 2016

A Era Mesozoica é um período fascinante para a evolução da vida na Terra. Diversos grupos com representantes na fauna atual, como os lissanfíbios, mamíferos, aves, tartarugas, lagartos, serpentes e crocodilos surgiram e se diversificaram nessa era. Os dinossauros e pterossauros também ocorrem nesse intervalo do tempo geológico, tornando-o conhecido como a Era dos Répteis. Menos conhecido do grande público é o fato de que os mares e oceanos dessa época também foram dominados por répteis extintos, incluindo ictiossauros, plesiossauros e mosassauros. Sua singular anatomia e completa extinção no fim do Mesozoico exercem fascínio desde que foram descobertos a partir do século 18. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo fornecer subsídios ao ensino de ciências, biologia e geografia para docentes da Educação Básica (Ensino Fundamental e Médio) sobre os principais grupos de répteis marinhos da Era Mesozoica, abordando anatomia, modo de vida, evolução, além de aspectos sobre sua descoberta e implicações para a história da ciência.
Is India ready for “Digital Disruption”?
Authors: Shome Prof. Swaha , Suri Prof. Davinder
Published: May 2016

According to many, India has the potential to become one of the largest digitized economies in the world. By end of 2016, most sectors in the Indian economy ranging from healthcare to education, banking and finance as well as retail will face challenges and opportunities through digital disruption. In this fast changing scenario, the euphoria of new marketing opportunities may however be dampened by the reality of considering how sustainable such digital disruptions will be in the long run. One key element in this sustainability is the network readiness of the economy. The World Economic Forum publishes Networked Readiness Rankings for all economies where India is ranked 89 out of 143 countries for the year 2015 and India’s rank has been declining consistently declining since 2013. This is a clear indication that despite the digital revolution which is now called the fourth industrial revolution, India may not be able to harness its full potential if the networked readiness of the country does not improve. The services sector of the Indian economy which contributes close to 60 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product should see incremental growth as the networked readiness improves. This paper seeks to examine this relationship as well as the reasons for the declining rank on Network Readiness. Only when such challenges are addressed both by the private sector as well as the Government can we be confident that the digital disruption will indeed add a long run value for the economy.
Complex Network Theory and Its Application Research on P2P Networks
Authors: Jian Feng , Dandan Shi
Published: May 2016

Advances in complex networks of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks were reviewed and summarized. The paper outlines some important topological properties such as degree, average path length and clustering coefficient at first, and then three kinds of most important network mechanism models are introduced, including random graph model, small world model and scale-free model. A simple description about research status for P2P networks based on complex networks is made from three aspects: positive research, network mechanism model, network broadcast and control. Some developing prospects of complex networks of P2P are pointed out finally. Complex network provides new ideas and methods to deal with many complex problems including P2P networks.