bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary resistive switching in core–shell nanowires
Authors: Vasisth Shangradhanva E. , Nino Juan C.
Published: October 2021

Highly dense, energy-efficient, and fast neuromorphic architectures emulating the computational abilities of the brain use memristors to emulate synapses in the analog or digital systems. Core–shell nanowires provide us with new opportunities for neuromorphic hardware integration. In this work, we have fabricated core–shell nanowires using a combination of bottom-up and top-down techniques. Additionally, we have demonstrated eightwise and counter-eightwise bipolar resistive switching (BRS). Remarkably, for the first time along with BRS, we have also demonstrated complementary resistive switching (CRS) in core–shell nanowires. Here, Pt was used as the conductive core and HfO2 as the memristive shell with Ti as the top electrode. The resistive switching properties were characterized by I–V curves and pulse operation modes. The cycling endurance in the BRS mode was 1000 cycles with an off–on ratio of ∼13 and resistance was retained for 104 s. Additionally, the compliance current used to form the nanowire in the BRS mode influenced the CRS operation by lowering the peak operating current. Additionally, current density–electric field analysis performed to determine charge conduction mechanisms revealed that the wires exhibit a thermionic emission mechanism in the high resistance state and Ohmic conduction mechanism in the low resistance state during the BRS mode of operation and hopping conduction mechanism in state 0 and space-charge-limited conduction mechanism in state 1 during the CRS mode of operation. This observed versatility in the mode of operation makes core–shell nanowires of significant interest for use as synaptic elements in neuromorphic network architectures.
Magnonic topological insulator realized in 2D magnetic skyrmion crystals
Authors: Xie Kaile , Zhang Lifa , Ma Fusheng
Published: October 2021

With the concept of topological order of electronic states in crystals being proposed, the pursuit of topological phases in various systems has become an important subject of modern physical science. The existence of antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction caused by spin–orbit coupling in magnetic systems leads to the non-reciprocal propagation of magnons, which is a key factor to realize the magnonic analog of an electronic topological insulator (TI). Here, a two-dimensional magnetic skyrmion crystal (SkX) is introduced as a platform for realizing magnonic TI. It is numerically demonstrated that nonchiral and chiral edge states could exist in different magnonic bandgaps. The nonchiral edge magnons can propagate to both directions simultaneously along the boundary of the SkX with different wavelengths and group velocities. By contrast, chiral edge magnons are topologically protected, resulting in the unidirectional propagation along the boundaries and the robustness against defects or disorders. Furthermore, the chirality and the presence of edge magnons can be manipulated by the polarity of skyrmions and the width of the second magnonic bandgap via the magnetic field. Our findings could provide a skyrmionic paradigm for investigating topological magnonics and even quantum magnonics.
Hydration-controlled excited-state relaxation in protonated dopamine studied by cryogenic ion spectroscopy
Authors: Hirata Keisuke , Kasai Ken-ichi , Grégoire Gilles , Ishiuchi Shun-ichi , Fujii Masaaki
Published: October 2021

Ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectra of protonated dopamine (DAH+) and its hydrated clusters DAH+(H2O)1–3 are measured by cryogenic ion spectroscopy. DAH+ monomer and hydrated clusters with up to two water molecules show a broad UV spectrum, while it turns to a sharp, well-resolved one for DAH+–(H2O)3. Excited state calculations of DAH+(H2O)3 reproduce these spectral features. The conformer-selected IR spectrum of DAH+(H2O)3 is measured by IR dip spectroscopy, and its structure is assigned with the help of quantum chemical calculations. The excited state lifetime of DAH+ is much shorter than 20 ps, the cross correlation of the ps lasers, revealing a fast relaxation dynamics. The minimal energy path along the NH → π proton transfer coordinate exhibits a low energy barrier in the monomer, while this path is blocked by the high energy barrier in DAH+(H2O)3. It is concluded that the excited state proton transfer in DAH+ is inhibited by water-insertion.
Deep eutectic solvents—The vital link between ionic liquids and ionic solutions
Authors: Abbott Andrew P. , Edler Karen J. , Page Alister J.
Published: October 2021

When selecting a solvent for a given solute, the strongly held idiom “like dissolves like”, meaning that polar solvents are used for polar solutes, is often used. This idea has resulted from the concept that most molecular solvents are homogeneous. In a deep eutectic solvent (DES), however, both components can be ionic or non-ionic, polar or non-polar. By tuning the components, DESs can solubilize a wide variety of solutes, often mixing hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, and the mixture can be designed to control phase behavior. The liquids often contain significant short-length order, and preferential solvation of one component often occurs. The addition of small polar molecules such as water or alcohols results in non-homogeneous liquids, which have significantly decreased viscosity and increased ionic conductivity. Accordingly, the areas covered in this special issue focus on structure and dynamics, solvation, the mobility of charged species, and the ability to obtain controllable phase behavior by adding polar diluents or using hydrophobic DESs.
The low-complexity domain of the FUS RNA binding protein self-assembles via the mutually exclusive use of two distinct cross-β cores
Authors: Kato Masato , McKnight Steven L.
Published: October 2021

Significance

Single amino acid changes causative of neurologic disease often map to the cross-β forming regions of low-complexity (LC) domains. All such mutations studied to date lead to enhanced avidity of cross-β interactions. The LC domain of the fused in sarcoma (FUS) RNA binding protein contains three different regions that are capable of forming labile cross-β interactions. Here we describe the perplexing effect of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing mutations localized to the LC domain of FUS to substantially weaken its ability to form one of its three cross-β interactions. An understanding of how these mutations abet uncontrolled polymerization of the FUS LC domain may represent an important clue as to how LC domains achieve their proper biological function.
The linguistic construction of business decisions
Authors: Szenes Eszter
Published: October 2021

This paper models analytical tools for identifying the linguistic resources at play in constructingbusiness decision-makingin high-scoring undergraduate business reports from a systemic functional linguistic perspective. Drawing on the discourse semantic system ofappraisaland coupling theory in systemic functional linguistics, this paper illustrates a process for analysing the linguistic construction of investment opportunities and risks in undergraduate business reports through the ‘coupling’ of different types of discourse semantic meanings. This study has pedagogical implications for making explicit the key language resources critical for constructing business decisions in undergraduate business studies.
Language in action
Authors: Doran Yaegan J. , Caldwell David , Ross Andrew S.
Published: October 2021

This paper explores language in sport. It draws on systemic functional linguistics to map variations in language
as coaches and players change situation, from setting up drills and giving feedback to calling for the ball during the intensity
of play. In particular, it explores grammatical and phonological shifts as coaches and players move more toward the
‘language–in–action’ pole of mode. It shows that the more language is used in relation to intense action on the field, the less
this meaning is given by the ‘higher levels’ of language (both its higher strata and higher ranks) and the more meaning that is
given by the ‘lower levels’ (lower strata and lower ranks). In terms of strata this shifts meaning from the higher stratum of
lexicogrammar to the lower stratum of phonology; in terms of rank, this breaks down clause structures to rely heavily on
group/phrase and word choices and flattens phonological patterns of intonation, rhythm and syllable structures to rely more on
voice quality and timing. This paper thus maps a rich space of registerial variation with significant deviations from typical
English patterns.
Theoretical optimal shape of a longest reach cantilever
Authors: Atanackovic Teodor M
Published: October 2021

The problem of finding the shape of initially straight elastic cantilever that minimizes volume, and satisfies certain condition at the free end is analyzed. The recently analyzed longest reach problem follows as a special case. New results are presented about shape of the cantilever, having prescribed volume and having longest reach. The Pontryagin’s maximum principle with cross-sectional area as ‘control’ is used in the optimization procedure.
Bandgap and wave propagation of spring–mass–truss elastic metamaterial with a scissor-like structure
Authors: Li Yingli , Li Hao , Liu Xiang , Yan Shiguang
Published: October 2021

Inspired by the inertial amplification mechanism and bandgap characteristic of periodic structures, a type of scissor-like elastic metamaterial is studied for low-frequency vibration attenuation in this paper. Firstly, the 1DOF (degree of freedom) scissor-like chain consisting of masses, trusses, and springs is investigated. The formation of inertial amplification is illustrated, that is, input horizontal movements are converted into larger vertical movements of vertex masses by a scissor-like structure. The resonance and anti-resonance phenomena in transmission curves are explained. Especially, the optimal configuration for low-frequency attenuation is obtained by analytical expressions of the dispersion relation. Then, a 2DOF spring–mass–truss chain is considered to open a bandgap below the vibration attenuation range of the 1DOF chain. The relative movement of masses at different frequencies is explored to understand the bandgap generation. The influence of parameters including the mass ratio, tensile stiffness ratio, shear stiffness ratio, and angle on bandgap boundaries is discussed. Finally, the spatial propagation of a wavelet packet is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the proposed structure in terms of minimizing a broadband excitation transmission. The transmitted component of a wavelet packet through three units of the proposed structure is only 3.8%, which is 22.8% of that through the classic 1D local resonance metamaterial.
Green synthesis of Nd substituted Co-Ni nanospinel ferrites: a structural, magnetic, and antibacterial/anticancer investigation
Authors: Almessiere Munirah A , Slimani Yassine , Rehman Suriya , Khan Firdos A , Sertkol Murat , Baykal Abdulhadi
Published: October 2021

Co0.5Ni0.5Nd0.02Fe1.98O4(CoNiNdFO) nanospinel ferrites (NSFs) with and without plant extracts (cardamom seeds, date fruits, flaxseed, tragacanth gum, lavender seeds, and moringa) were prepared using a sol-gel approach. The impact of utilizing different plant extracts on the structural, morphological, and magnetic features of the final products is discussed. Room temperature (300 K) magnetization findings illustrate superparamagnetic (SPM) characteristics for the products synthesized using the cardamom and moringa plant extracts mediated sol-gel approach, whereas the remaining products display ferromagnetic characteristics. On the other hand, lower temperature (10 K) magnetization curves indicate that all the prepared samples exhibit ferromagnetic (FM) behavior. It was found that the magnetic parameters vary greatly with the synthesis approach, plant extract solution, distribution of cations, morphology, and size of NSFs, spin canting, etc. The obtained results indicate that the different synthesis approaches employed in the present investigation are simple, inexpensive, and eco-friendly, and could lead to obtaining interesting magnetic properties. The biological applications of these NSFs were examined. The impact of NSFs with and without cardamom and moringa extracts on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) was assessed by checking cell viability using 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining methods. The treatments of NSFs with and without cardamom and moringa extracts decreased cancer cell viability. We calculated the inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for NSFs with and without cardamom and moringa extracts. The treatment of NSFs with and without cardamom and moringa extracts on HCT-116 cells and HeLa cells induced a significant decrease in cancer viability, as revealed by MTT assay. The treatment of NSFs with and without cardamom and moringa extracts caused a noteworthy decrease in colon cancer cells as the number of DAPI stained cells was found to be less in the treated cells. The evaluation of the anti-staphylococcal activity of NSFs with and without cardamom and moringa extracts via the colony-forming unit (CFU) method showed growth inhibition ofS. aureus. It was observed that the nanoparticles synthesized via green synthesis had a marked cell count reduction, proving the microbial toxicity of nanoparticles toS. aureus.
Unusual dynamic susceptibility arising from soft ferromagnetic domains in MnBi8Te13 and Sb-doped MnBi

2n

Te

3n+1

(n = 2, 3)
Authors: Hu Chaowei , Tanatar Makariy A , Prozorov Ruslan , Ni Ni
Published: October 2021

MnBi

2
n

Te

3
n
+
1

(MBT) is the first intrinsic magnetic topological insulator and is promising to host emergent phenomena such as quantum anomalous Hall effect. They can be made ferromagnetic by having

n
 
⩾
 
4

or with Sb doping. We studied the magnetic dynamics in a few selected ferromagnetic (FM) MBT compounds, including MnBi8Te13 and Sb doped MnBi

2
n

Te

3
n
+
1

(

n
=
2
,
3
)

using AC susceptibility and magneto-optical imaging. Slow relaxation behavior is observed in all three compounds, suggesting its universality among FM MBT. We attribute the origin of the relaxation behavior to the irreversible domain movements since they only appear below the saturation fields when ferromagnetic domains form. The very soft ferromagnetic domain nature is revealed by the low-field fine-structured domains and high-field sea-urchin-shaped remanent-state domains imaged via our magneto-optical measurements. Finally, we ascribe the rare ‘double-peak’ behavior observed in the AC susceptibility under small DC bias fields to the very soft ferromagnetic domain formations.
Unveiling the formation and control of unique swirling discharge pattern in helium plasma candle device
Authors: Abdelaziz Ayman A , Teramoto Yoshiyuki , Kim Hyun-Ha
Published: October 2021

The generation of a large cold plasma jet while maintaining the reproducibility and homogeneity of the discharge is one of the major challenges encountered by the plasma community to efficiently apply this technology in the industry. Here, we report on the discharge in a recently developed device called the plasma candle (PC), wherein a stable plasma jet with a diameter of 20 mm can be generated at atmospheric pressure and temperature. Unlike the discharge morphology previously reported for conventional plasma jet devices, the unique configuration of PC device resulted in distinctive discharge patterns. Homogenous discharge was generated in the electrode gap and followed by a swirling discharge toward the tube nozzle. Fast photography and electrical measurements revealed that filament propagation and its morphology form the visually observable swirl discharge. Detailed analysis indicated that residual helium metastable species (Hem) and their penning ionization play an essential role in the discharge mode and its transition, which was verified by changing the feeding gas and the frequency of the applied voltage. For instance, it is found that only filamentary discharge was observed along the entire tube at frequencies less than 3 kHz, at which the time between consecutive discharges was long enough for Hem decay. Consequently, the homogenous discharge pattern was recovered by increasing the pre-ionization levels by adding a trace of impurities (N2, O2 or H2O) to the feeding gas. However, the level of these impurities must be carefully adjusted to achieve a homogenous discharge without negatively affecting the jet properties. A trivial change in the gas impurity, in the range of adsorption and desorption of water from the gas tubing, is sufficient to cause a noticeable change and instability in the discharge mode. This finding is critical to predicting the production of reactive species and plasma-surface interaction for different applications.
Electron and hole capture processes in Cu-doped glass exhibiting radiophotoluminescence
Authors: Hashikawa Ryo , Takada Yuya , Nishi Yusaku , Kinomura Atsushi , Saito Takeshi , Okada Arifumi , Wakasugi Takashi , Kadono Kohei
Published: October 2021

Radiophotoluminescence (RPL) is a radiation effect, and materials exhibiting RPL can be used in dosimeters. In this study, we observed remarkable RPL in Cu-doped aluminoborosilicate and silica glasses upon their exposure to 60Co γ-rays. The RPL intensity increased proportionally with the irradiation dose up to several hundreds of grays and then saturated beyond a certain dose level. An equation was derived theoretically to express the relationship between the RPL intensity and irradiation dose based on the RPL mechanism, in which copper ions, Cu2+ and Cu+, capture electrons and holes, generated by the irradiation, respectively, resulting in a change in the valence. The equation fitted well with the experimental results, providing two parameters for the equation. These parameters are associated with the saturation dose level and sensitivity, which are important for the application of materials to dosimeters. These parameters were discussed based on electron and hole capture processes in the RPL mechanism.
A strategy to identify materials exhibiting a large nonlinear phononics response: tuning the ultrafast structural response of LaAlO3 with pressure
Authors: Kaaret Jeffrey Z , Khalsa Guru , Benedek Nicole A
Published: October 2021

We use theory and first-principles calculations to investigate how structural changes induced by ultrafast optical excitation of infrared-active phonons change with hydrostatic pressure in LaAlO3. Our calculations show that the observed structural changes are sensitive to pressure, with the largest changes occurring at pressures near the boundary between the cubic perovskite and rhombohedral phases. We rationalize our findings by defining a figure of merit that depends only on intrinsic materials quantities, and show that the peak response near the phase boundary is dictated by different microscopic materials properties depending on the particular phonon mode being excited. Our work demonstrates how it is possible to systematically identify materials that may exhibit particularly large changes in structure and properties due to optical excitation of infrared-active phonons.
Study of structural, electronic and magnetic properties of Ti doped Co2FeGe Heusler alloy: Co2Fe1−x
Ti
x
Ge (x = 0, 0.5, and 0.75)
Authors: Mitra Srimanta , Ahmad Aquil , Chakrabarti Shamik , Biswas Sajib , Das Amal Kumar
Published: October 2021

Tunability of structural, magnetic and electronic properties of Co2FeGe Heusler alloy is experimentally demonstrated by doping Ti in the Fe site (i.e. Co2Fe1−x
Ti
x
Ge), followed by in-depth first principle calculations. Co2FeGe in its pure phase shows very high saturation magnetization, Curie temperature and spin-wave stiffness constant which were reported in our earlier work. With gradual increase in Ti doping concentration (x = 0.5 and 0.75), the experimental saturation magnetization is found to be decreased to 4.3 μ
B/f.u. and 3.1 μ
B/f.u. respectively as compared to the parent alloy (x = 0) having the saturation magnetization of 6.1 μ
B/f.u. Variation of spinwave stiffness constant is also studied for different x and found to be decreasing from peak value of 10.4 nm2 meV (for x = 0) to the least value of 2.56 nm2 meV for x = 0.5. Justification of the experimental results is given with first principle calculations. Computational phase diagram of the alloys is found in terms of formation energy showing that the doping in Fe site (i.e. Co2Fe1−x
Ti
x
Ge) is more stable rather than in Co site (i.e. Co2−x
FeTi
x
Ge). The change in magnetic moment and half-metallicity with Ti doping concentration is better explained under GGA + U approach as compared to GGA approach signifying that the electron–electron correlation (U) has a distinct role to play in the alloys. Effect of variation of U for Ti atom is studied and optimized with reference to the experimental results. The dynamical stability of the Co2Fe1−x
Ti
x
Ge alloy crystal structure is explained in terms of phonon dispersion relations and the effect of U on the phonon density of states is also explored. Close agreement between the experimental and theoretical results is observed.
Ultrasonic frequency response of fiber Bragg grating under direct and remote adhesive bonding configurations
Authors: Navratil Andrew , Wee Junghyun , Peters Kara
Published: October 2021

Ultrasonic inspection based structural health monitoring is a powerful technique for damage detection in a structure. Ultrasonic waves are often excited at different frequencies to detect damages of different sizes, therefore understanding the frequency response of the sensor can be used to optimize the sensor performance. Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are widely used for this ultrasound collection. The sensitivity of FBGs to a particular ultrasonic frequency is a function of the FBG length and the ultrasonic wavelength. Recently the authors demonstrated that its ultrasound sensitivity is improved for some conditions when the FBG is bonded at a distance away from the adhesive bond, referred to as remote bonding. However, the frequency response of this configuration has not been studied. Therefore, in this paper we measure and compare the ultrasonic frequency responses between a conventional directly bonded FBG and remotely bonded FBG. In theory, the FBG sensitivity varies as a function of ultrasound wavelength-to-grating length (λ/L) ratio. Therefore, for this experimental study, we maintain L constant and vary λ by changing the frequency of the input ultrasonic waves. We demonstrate that there is a region, below a cut-off values of λ/L, for which the remotely bonded FBG output has a higher sensitivity to the Lamb wave amplitude than the directly bonded FBG. The exact value of this λ/L cut-off depends on the mechanical properties of the structure, the windowing of the input Lamb wave, and the FBG properties. We also demonstrate that windowing the Lamb wave excitation signal has a similar affect to apodizing the FBG sensor in modifying the sensitivity response curve.
An affine moment invariant for multi-component shapes
Authors: Žunić Joviša , Stojmenović Miloš
Published: October 2021

We introduce an image based algorithmic tool for analyzing multi-component shapes. The method allocates a number to a shape, herein called a multi-component shape measure. This number/measure is invariant with respect to affine transformations and is established based on the theoretical framework developed here. In addition, the method is easy to implement and fast to compute. We provide two small but illustrative examples related to the analysis of both aerial and celestial galaxy imagery. We also provide some synthetic examples for a better understanding of the behavior of the measure.
Phase-field simulation of Cu enriched nanoparticles with variation of defects migration energy under neutron irradiation
Authors: Maqbool Shahid , Li Yongsheng , Muhammad Suleman , Yan Zhengwei
Published: October 2021

Neutron radiation induces point defects and affects the diffusivity of atoms and the kinetics of precipitation. The phase-field simulation reveals the influence of migration energy of vacancy on the radiation-enhanced precipitation in Fe–Cu alloy. The study shows that radiation-enhanced diffusion (RED) also depends on the diffusivity of vacancy-associated migration energy and not only on the dose rate; the low migration energy of vacancy results in accelerated precipitation and a higher volume fraction of Cu precipitates. Interestingly, decreasing migration energy from 1.0 eV to 0.9 eV results in a 30% increase in the precipitates’ volume fraction. Also, the combination of the lowest dose rate 5.0 × 10−3 dpa s−1 and highest migration energy 1.0 eV delays the precipitation. The study also examines the influence of migration energy of vacancy on the radius of Cu precipitates. The lowest migration energy, 0.9 eV, increases the radius up to one-third. Finally, the work presents the drawbacks of the analytical digital image processing technique in the quantitative comparison with the script.
Comparative analysis of numerical methods for constitutive modeling of shape memory alloys
Authors: Bhatt Nisha , Soni Sanjeev , Singla Ashish
Published: October 2021

This article presents a comparative analysis of four numerical approaches—Newton Raphson method, trust region dogleg method, implicit solver (IS) based method considering a proposed simplified differential phase kinetics as well as an existing arbitrary loading based phase kinetics to solve the constitutive equation of shape memory alloy (SMA). These numerical methods can be applied to model any SMA-based actuator under thermo-mechanical loading. To demonstrate these methods, a configuration of SMA wire with a normal bias spring is considered as a case study, and its mathematical model is solved with the above-mentioned numerical approaches. Further, a comparative study is carried out that compares the solutions obtained via these methods and with the published literature. It highlights the numerical stability, computational time, and the level of complexity for the implementation of the numerical methods. The study details out both the merits and demerits of the presented numerical methods and the computational algorithms to implement these methods. Among the discussed methods, it is concluded that the IS-based numerical method with the proposed differential form of Chung’s phase kinetics model seems better for implementing the constitutive modeling for the selected case study.
Personalized 3D-printed anthropomorphic phantoms for dosimetry in charged particle fields
Authors: Halloran Andrew , Newhauser Wayne , Chu Connel , Donahue William
Published: October 2021

Anthropomorphic phantoms used for radiation dose measurements are designed to mimic human tissue in shape, size, and tissue composition. Reference phantoms are widely available and are sufficiently similar to many, but not all, human subjects. 3D printing has the potential to overcome some of these shortcomings by enabling rapid fabrication of personalized phantoms for individual human subjects based on radiographic imaging data. Objective. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of personalized 3D printed phantoms for charged particle therapy. To accomplish this, we measured dose distributions from 6 to 20 MeV electron beams, incident on printed and molded slices of phantoms. Approach. Specifically, we determined the radiological properties of 3D printed phantoms, including beam penetration range. Additionally, we designed and printed a personalized head phantom to compare results obtained with a commercial, reference head phantom for quality assurance of therapeutic electron beam dose calculations. Main Results. For regions of soft tissue, gamma index analyses revealed a 3D printed slice was able to adequately model the same electron beam penetration ranges as the molded reference slice. The printed, personalized phantom provided superior dosimetric accuracy compared to the molded reference phantom for electron beam dose calculations at all electron beam energies. However, current limitations in the ability to print high-density structures, such as bone, limited pass rates of 60% or better at 16 and 20 MeV electron beam energies. Significance. This study showed that creating personalized phantoms using 3D printing techniques is a feasible way to substantially improve the accuracy of dose measurements of therapeutic electron beams, but further improvements in printing techniques are necessary in order to increase the printable density in phantoms.
A wearable metasurface for high efficiency, free-positioning omnidirectional wireless power transfer
Authors: Wang Hanwei , Chen Yun-Sheng , Zhao Yang
Published: October 2021

We introduce a design principle of metasurfaces that can form any desired distribution of magnetic field for high-efficiency wireless power transfer centered at 200 kHz, which can be used to efficiently charge implanted medical devices. This metasurface can improve the power transfer efficiency for both single-user and multi-user cases by over tenfold compared to those without the metasurface. Our design enables a robust field distribution to the positions of the transmitting and receiving coils, as well as the geometric distortions of the metasurface itself, demonstrating its feasibility as a wearable device. With our design, the field distribution and subsequent power division among the multiple users can be readily controlled from equal distribution to any selective user(s). When incorporating a three-dimensional unit cell of the metasurface, we theoretically demonstrate an omnidirectional control of the field orientation to achieve a high-efficiency wireless power transfer for multiple users.
Universality test of short range nucleon-nucleon correlations in nuclei with strange and charmed probes
Authors: Kiselev Yu. T.
Published: October 2021

Understanding the EMC effect and its relation to the short-range nucleon-nucleon correlations (SRC) in nuclei is a major challenge for modern nuclear physics. One of the key aspects of the connection between these phenomena is the universality. The universality states that the SRC is responsible for the EMC effect and that the modification of the partonic structure of the SRC is the same in different nuclei. The flavor dependence of the universality is one of the unanswered questions. The investigations conducted to date have demonstrated the existence and universality of the SRC for light

and

quarks. Recently, it was suggested that the universality for heavy flavors can be studied through their deep subthreshold production in

and eA collisions. In this paper, we discuss an alternative possibility to access the strange and gluon high-X structure of the SRC and to establish universality for heavy flavors using nuclear semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (nSIDIS), which probes different quark flavor combinations depending on the final state hadron. The specific reaction can be "tagged" by observation of a strange or charmed particle registered in coincidence with the scattering lepton. The universality of the SRC can be tested in the kinematic region, i.e.,

, where the contribution to the cross section from SRC becomes dominant. Exploring the strangeness, charmonium, and open charm will shed light on the role of quarks and gluons in nuclei, thereby developing an understanding of how nuclei emerge within QCD.
Experimental investigation of shape memory polymer hybrid nanocomposites modified by carbon fiber reinforced multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
Authors: Markad Kanif , Lal Achchhe
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the effect of the variations of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modification in shape memory polymer hybrid composites concerning their mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory characterizations. The process of fabrication includes preparation of the MWCNT/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites by shear mixing, ultrasonication, magnetic stirring, and subsequent molding by hand layup method. The appropriate post-processing was performed for the curing and cutting to prepare the samples for the mechanical and thermomechanical characterizations as per the ASTM standards. An enhancement in the thermomechanical properties was noticed due to the incorporation of the MWCNT. These observations were also validated with improvement in the interfacial bonding between the carbon fiber and the modified matrix, as shown in the morphological fractography. The tensile strengths were improved by 18%, 39%, and 26% with the incorporation of 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% modified MWCNT nanocomposites as compared to pure unmodified SMPC. However, the shape recovery of all the configurations of the shape memory polymer hybrid composites was not compromised on polymer-modified remaining almost unchanged at 94%.
Sputter deposition of Mo-alumina cermet solar selective coatings: Interrelation between residual oxygen incorporation, structure and optical properties
Authors: Becerril-Gonzalez J J , Castro-Chong A M , Oskam G , Arés-Muzio O
Published: October 2021

Mo/alumina cermet-based selective coatings are of great interest for concentrated solar-thermal power systems, in particular, parabolic trough collectors. We report on the sputter deposition of high-performance multilayer Mo/alumina cermet coatings on stainless steel with a solar absorptance of 94% and a thermal emittance of 8% (at 400 °C), and excellent thermal stability. The selective coatings were deposited in a 0.95 m3 sputtering chamber in order to correlate the deposition parameters, such as presence of residual gases, deposition power, and sputtering method (DC or RF), with the coating composition and the resulting optical properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy have been applied to quantitatively describe the effect of residual oxygen on the distribution of oxidation states of Mo in the metallic infrared reflector layer, the high and low metallic volume fraction cermet layers, as well as the composition of the alumina top layer. The results provide strategies to obtain optimal selective coatings under conditions where residual oxygen cannot be avoided, which are essential for a successful transition from a laboratory to pre-industrial scale of vacuum deposition systems.
Effect of energy requirements in the growth of brain tumor: a theoretical approach
Authors: Boruah Dibyajyoti
Published: October 2021

A malignant tumor is an uncontrolled growth of tissues receiving energy in form of the nutrients provided by the microvascular networks. It is proposed that the supplied energy to a tumor is used for three purposes: the creation of new cells, maintenance of tumor cells, and tumor volume expansion by overcoming external pressure. A mathematical model studying the effects of energy required for maintenance and overcoming external pressure, the energy required creating a single cell, death rate, and tumor cell density on tumor development has been formulated. Including a term, residual energy for tumor growth in the tumor growth equation, the well-known logistic equation has been re-derived for tumors. Analytical solutions have been developed, and numerical analysis for the growth in brain tumors with the variation of parameters related to energy supply, the energy required for maintenance, and expansion of tumor has been performed. Expressions for the tumor growth rate(r) and carrying capacity(C) of the tumor are formulated in terms of the parameters used in the model. The range of ‘r’, estimated using our model is found within the ranges of tumor growth rates in gliomas reported by the other researchers. Selecting the model parameters precisely for a particular individual, the tumor growth rate and carrying capacity could be estimated accurately. Our study indicates that the actual growth rate and carrying capacity of a tumor reduce and tumor saturation time increases with the increase of death rate, the energy required for a single cell division, and energy requirement for the tumor cell maintenance.
A quantitative analysis of overspray in Aerosol Jet® printing
Authors: Feng James Q , Ramm Alex , Renn Michael J
Published: October 2021

As Aerosol Jet® (AJ) printing is becoming more attractive to additive manufacturing, printed electronics, among other applications, reducing or minimizing the amount of ink droplets landing in unintended regions—known as the overspray—has been elevated on the agenda for print quality control and improvement. Many AJ users had discussed the overspray issue associated with AJ printing, while the metrology for quantified evaluation of overspray is still lacking. In this work, the likely physical mechanism for inducing overspray is analyzed along with a set of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We then present a 2D image processing method for quantitatively evaluating the severity of overspray in terms of its percent area coverage versus a normalized distance from printed line edge. Our results show that the amount of overspray of AJ printing seems to scale with the printed line width (LW), and usually to become negligible (e.g. percent area coverage of overspray < 1%) beyond 30%–40% of LW from line edges. The overspray is shown to often decrease by increasing the jet velocity and sheath-to-mist ratio. Without loss of generality and for concise illustration, herewith we use only one representative ink to print test samples for the quantitative overspray analysis. The results have been found to bear a resemblance to AJ printed features with many other inks.
Solving the Dirac equation in central potential for muonic hydrogen atom with point-like nucleus
Authors: Kena Eshetu Diriba , Adera Gashaw Bekele
Published: October 2021

Muon has properties very similar to an electron. For this reason, it is possible to replace one of the electrons in an atom by a muon to form a muonic atom. The main purpose of this study is to calculate the energy eigenvalues and to study the probability density of muonic hydrogen with point like nucleus. Numerical results have generated using Matlab software programming language. The reduced mass of muon has been used in order to correct the error incurred by the assumption that the nucleus of muonic hydrogen is point-like which in turn gives it an infinite mass. The energy eigenvalues for different states have been calculated using the rest and reduced masses of muon, and the result have been tabulated. According to these results, the relativistic quantum description is not responsible for the lamb shift. The Probability density shows that muon is much more likely to be found near the nucleus of hydrogen atom for the ground state when compared with the excited states.
Exploitation by asymmetry of information reference in coevolutionary learning in prisoner’s dilemma game
Authors: Fujimoto Yuma , Kaneko Kunihiko
Published: October 2021

Mutual relationships, such as cooperation and exploitation, are the basis of human and other biological societies. The foundations of these relationships are rooted in the decision making of individuals, and whether they choose to be selfish or altruistic. How individuals choose their behaviors can be analyzed using a strategy optimization process in the framework of game theory. Previous studies have shown that reference to individuals’ previous actions plays an important role in their choice of strategies and establishment of social relationships. A fundamental question remains as to whether an individual with more information can exploit another who has less information when learning the choice of strategies. Here we demonstrate that a player using a memory-one strategy, who can refer to their own previous action and that of their opponent, can be exploited by a reactive player, who only has the information of the other player, based on mutual adaptive learning. This is counterintuitive because the former has more choice in strategies and can potentially obtain a higher payoff. We demonstrated this by formulating the learning process of strategy choices to optimize the payoffs in terms of coupled replicator dynamics and applying it to the prisoner’s dilemma game. Further, we show that the player using a memory-one strategy, by referring to their previous experience, can sometimes act more generous toward the opponent’s defection, thereby accepting the opponent’s exploitation. Mainly, we found that through adaptive learning, a player with limited information usually exploits the player with more information, leading to asymmetric exploitation.
Radial symmetry for an elliptic PDE with a free boundary
Authors: El Hajj Layan , Shahgholian Henrik
Published: October 2021

In this paper we prove symmetry for solutions to the semi-linear elliptic equation

Δ
u
=
f
(
u
)

 in 

B
1

,

0
≤
u
>
M
,

 in 

B
1

,

u
=
M
,

 on 
∂

B
1

,

\begin{equation*} \Delta u = f(u) \quad \text { in } B_1, \qquad 0 \leq u > M, \quad \text { in } B_1, \qquad u = M, \quad \text { on } \partial B_1, \end{equation*}

where

M
>
0

M>0

is a constant, and

B
1

B_1

is the unit ball. Under certain assumptions on the r.h.s.

f
(
u
)

f (u)

, the

C
1

C^1

-regularity of the free boundary

∂
{
u
>
0
}

\partial \{u>0\}

and a second order asymptotic expansion for

u
u

at free boundary points, we derive the spherical symmetry of solutions. A key tool, in addition to the classical moving plane technique, is a boundary Harnack principle (with r.h.s.) that replaces Serrin’s celebrated boundary point lemma, which is not available in our case due to lack of

C
2

C^2

-regularity of solutions.
preMLI: a pre-trained method to uncover microRNA–lncRNA potential interactions
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Jiang Likun , Jin Shuting , Zeng Xiangxiang , Liu Xiangrong
Published: October 2021

The interaction between microribonucleic acid and long non-coding ribonucleic acid plays a very important role in biological processes, and the prediction of the one is of great significance to the study of its mechanism of action. Due to the limitations of traditional biological experiment methods, more and more computational methods are applied to this field. However, the existing methods often have problems, such as inadequate acquisition of potential features of the sequence due to simple coding and the need to manually extract features as input. We propose a deep learning model, preMLI, based on rna2vec pre-training and deep feature mining mechanism. We use rna2vec to train the ribonucleic acid (RNA) dataset and to obtain the RNA word vector representation and then mine the RNA sequence features separately and finally concatenate the two feature vectors as the input of the prediction task. The preMLI performs better than existing methods on benchmark datasets and has cross-species prediction capabilities. Experiments show that both pre-training and deep feature mining mechanisms have a positive impact on the prediction performance of the model. To be more specific, pre-training can provide more accurate word vector representations. The deep feature mining mechanism also improves the prediction performance of the model. Meanwhile, The preMLI only needs RNA sequence as the input of the model and has better cross-species prediction performance than the most advanced prediction models, which have reference value for related research.
42 An Analysis of Virtual Fracture Clinics in Orthopaedic Trauma in the UK During the Coronavirus Crisis
Authors: Rhind J H , Ramhamadany E , Collins R , Govilkar S , Dass D , Hay S
Published: October 2021

Aim

Virtual Fracture Clinics (VFC) are advocated by new Orthopaedic (British Orthopaedic Association) and National Health Service (NHS) guidelines in the United Kingdom. We discuss benefits and limitations, reviewing the literature. As well as recommendations on introducing a VFC service during the Coronavirus pandemic and into the future.

Method

A narrative review identifying current literature on virtual fracture clinic outcomes when compared to traditional model fracture clinics in the UK. We identify 9 relevant publications related to VFC.

Results

The Glasgow Model initiated in 2011 has become the benchmark. Clinical efficiency can be improved, reducing the number of ED referrals seen in VFC by 15%-28% and face to face consultations by 65%. 33-60% of patients may be discharged after review in the VFC. Some studies have shown no negative impact on the Emergency Department (ED), the time to discharge was not increased. Patients satisfaction ranges from 91%-97% using a VFC service, and there may be cost saving benefits annually from £67,385-£212,705. Non-attendance may be reduced by 75% and there are educational opportunities for trainees. However, evidence is limited, 28% of patients prefer face-to-face consultations and not all have access to internet or email (72%).

Conclusions

We propose a pathway integrating the VFC model, whilst having Senior Orthopaedic decision makers available in ED, during normal working hours, to cope with the pandemic. Beyond the pandemic, evidence suggests the Glasgow model is viable for day-to-day practice.
60 The Effect of the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic on Periprosthetic Joint Infection in Hip Fracture Surgery
Authors: Hillier D , MacDonald S , Thackray A , Emms N , Howard N
Published: October 2021

Aim

To assess whether this change of practice had an effect on the infection rate in hip fracture surgery.

Method

An audit was conducted to assess the re-operation rate on hip fracture patients over the three months of the initial “lockdown” (23rd March to 23rd May 2020) and compared to the 2 months immediately before and the same period in 2019. Cases were identified from the Theatre ORACLE system (GE Healthcare). Anonymised patient data was collected from the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) and paper case notes.

Results

During the pandemic period, a total of 45 patients underwent surgery for hip fractures with a median age 84 years (range 28-95 years). These represent similar cohorts to the periods immediately before lockdown and the previous year. The infection rate increased from 0% in the 2019 period to 2.5% prior to lockdown and 11.1% after the lockdown measures were implemented. All infections were in patients who received hemiarthroplasty. The rate of total hip replacement went down from 19.1% in 2019 to 10.0% just before the pandemic and just 4.4% during the pandemic

Conclusions

There was a marked increase in the number of re-operations for infection in patients who received hemiarthroplasty for hip fractures during the lockdown period.