bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Literacy e Imagem Corporal: uma Revisão Integrativa
Authors: Silva Igor Araujo da , Morgado Fabiane Frota da Rocha
Published: June 2023

A mídia, em conjunto com os pais e amigos, envolve aspectos socioculturais que configuram a principal tríade influenciadora da imagem corporal. Quando associado de modo acrítico, as mensagens midiáticas podem influenciar a imagem corporal de forma negativa. Desse modo, a media literacy surge como uma estratégia para o uso crítico da mídia, por meio da definição da competência de acesso, análise e entendimento das mensagens, principalmente, quando voltadas ao corpo. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar a produção científica referente à media literacy e imagem corporal de adolescentes e jovens adultos por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A seleção dos estudos ocorreu em três bases de dados, sendo essas: Scopus, Psyinfo e Web of Science. A seleção dos estudos aconteceu em fevereiro de 2022. Foi utilizado o cruzamento dos seguintes descritores: “media literacy” AND “body image”. Foram identificados 880 estudos. Destes, 22 artigos compuseram a presente revisão. Observou-se que adotar estratégias baseadas nos princípios da media literacy, ou seja, no realismo, semelhança e pensamento crítico em relação à mídia podem desencadear a promoção de uma imagem corporal positiva em adolescentes e jovens adultos, sendo fundamental que programas educacionais e/ou socioeducativos direcionados à referida população considerem a adoção da media literacy.
Palavras-chave: Mídia. Educação Física Escolar. Alfabetização Midiática. Letramento Midiático.
Abstract The media, together with parents and friends, are sociocultural aspects that configure the main influencer triad of body image. When uncritically associated, media messages can influence body image negatively. From a way, the Literacy Media emerges as a strategy for the critical use of the media by defining the competence of access, analysis and understanding of messages, especially when focused on the body. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific production regarding the literacy and body image of adolescents and young adults through an integrative literature review. The selection of studies took place in three databases, namely, Scopus, Psycho and Web of Science. The studies selection took place in February 2022. The crossing of the following descriptors was used: “Media Literacy” and “Body Image”. 880 studies were identified. Of these, 22 articles composed the present review. It has been observed that adopting strategies based on the principles of the literacy media, that is, the realism, similarity and critical thinking about the media, can trigger the promotion of a positive body image in adolescents and young adults, and it is essential that educational programs and/ or socio -educational directed to that population consider the adoption of media literacy.
Keywords: Media. School Physical Education. Media Literacy
O Significado das Integrais na Mecânica por Meio de Textos Escritos
Authors: Vidal Lúcio Ângelo , Tavares Andreia da Silva
Published: June 2023

A disciplina de Física envolve a linguagem matemática e o próprio idioma, assim sendo pode-se supor que a dificuldade em qualquer uma das duas linguagens anteriormente mencionadas acarretará dificuldades em Física. Levando-se em conta tal fato, o objetivo deste artigo foi analisar o desempenho de duas turmas de engenharia, em que uma dessas cursava Física Geral 2 e a outra Física Geral 3 no tocante à correta interpretação de integrais da mecânica por meio de textos escritos. A experiência em ensino foi realizada com quarenta alunos ao todo, sendo vinte e quatro da primeira turma e dezesseis da segunda turma, tendo sido aplicado um questionário constituído de seis perguntas e com dez alternativas cada. Os resultados mostraram que a turma de Física Geral 2 teve um desempenho ligeiramente melhor no teste do que a turma de Física Geral 3, entretanto, ambas não foram bem no teste e os acertos não chegaram à média de dois por aluno. Diante de tal resultado, sugere-se a inserção de textos elucidativos em conceitos que envolvam integrais na Mecânica. Experiências como essas são importantes para comprovar se o aluno consegue saber o significado de uma integral em todas as concepções possíveis.
Palavras-chave: Interpretação de Integrais. Integrais da Mecânica. Enunciados Escritos
AbstractThe discipline of Physics involves the mathematical language and the language itself, so it can be assumed that the difficulty in either of the two languages mentioned above will lead to difficulties in Physics. Taking this fact into account, the objective of this article was to analyze the performance of two engineering classes, one of which was studying General Physics 2 and the other General Physics 3, regarding the correct interpretation of integrals in mechanics through written texts. The teaching experience was carried out with forty students in all, twenty-four from the first class and sixteen from the second class, through a questionnaire consisting of six questions and with ten alternatives each. The results showed that the General Physics 2 class performed slightly better on the test than the General Physics 3 class, however both did not do well on the test and the correct answers did not reach the average of two per student. In view of this result, the insertion of explanatory texts is suggested in concepts that involve integrals in Mechanics. Experiences like these are important for the purpose of knowing whether the student can know the meaning of an integral in all the possible conceptions.
Keywords: Integrals Interpretation. Integrals of Mechanics. Written Statements
O Uso da Tecnologia Móvel como Estratégia Pedagógica: um Estudo de Caso para a Disciplina de Banco de Dados
Authors: Gueiber Ezequiel , Santos Júnior Guataçara dos , Lopes Rui Pedro , Silva Alessandra Dutra , Silva Sani de Carvalho Rutz da
Published: June 2023

O nível de isolamento em transações assíncronas em Sistemas Gerenciadores de Banco de Dados NoSQL é um assunto de difícil compreensão pelos alunos de graduação em computação. Por isto, este artigo usou como estratégias de ensino a criação de um aplicativo para dispositivos móveis, denominado de SGBDAssync, para motivar e auxiliar a aprendizagem de acadêmicos de uma instituição de ensino superior da região centro-oriental do Paraná-PR. A pesquisa é exploratória e o protótipo para tecnologia móvel – SGBDAssync - foi desenvolvido em sete estágios: Expor Ideia, Verificar Aceite/Rejeição, Relatar o Problema, Orientar o Desenvolvimento do Aplicativo, Criar o Aplicativo, Simular o problema e Avaliar a Aprendizagem. Para a avaliação da aprendizagem foi elaborado um questionário contendo perguntas categorizadas com a finalidade de medir o nível de motivação dos alunos ao criar o aplicativo e, também, verificar o conhecimento adquirido por eles sobre o conteúdo proposto. A partir das respostas, foi possível analisar os dados de forma qualitativa e qualitativa. Os resultados mostram que a criação de dispositivos móveis pelos alunos durante o processo de ensino os motivou para um melhor entendimento sobre o conteúdo e favoreceu a aprendizagem. Além disto, os alunos ficaram interessados porque foi uma forma diferente de expor o assunto. Mesmo diante das dificuldades na elaboração do aplicativo e do conteúdo abordado, os estudantes conseguiram compreender e solucionar o problema.
Palavras-chave: Aplicativos Móveis. Ensino Superior. NoSQL. Banco de Dados.
Abstract The Isolation Level of Asynchronous Transactions in NoSQL Database Systems is a subject that is difficult to understand by undergraduate degrees student in Computer Science. For this reason, this paper created a mobile device strategies application, SGBDAssync, to teach higher education in an institution in the region central-eastern Paraná-PR. SGBDAssync was developed in seven steps: Expose Idea, Accept/Reject, Report Problem, Guide Application, Create Application, Simulate or Evaluate Learning. For learning, it was elaborated on the development of categorized questions with the content evaluation and the proposed knowledge of the students. From the answers, it was possible to analyze the data qualitatively. The results show that the creation of mobile devices during the teaching and learning process motivates students. In addition, students learned to approach the subject differently and did not export mobile technology and knowledge content of solutions; they knew and solved the problem.
Keywords: Mobile Apps. Higher education. NoSQL. Database.
As Demandas da Graduação e a Relação com o Adoecimento Discente
Authors: Silva Steffany Almeida da , Rêgo Yasmin Allana Lira , Silva Givanildo
Published: June 2023

O contexto socioeconômico em que as universidades brasileiras estão inseridas está permeado por uma série de dificuldades que acabam por tornar o ambiente universitário, por vezes, hostil para seus estudantes. O objetivo principal da pesquisa foi analisar as demandas advindas da graduação e como essas podem contribuir com o adoecimento discente. A metodologia utilizada na pesquisa foi estruturada a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, tendo como método o estudo de caso. O instrumento utilizado para realizar a coleta de dados foi o questionário semiaberto. Os principais resultados da pesquisa apontaram que as demandas acadêmicas se configuram como um dos principais fatores, que causam ou agravam o quadro de adoecimento apresentado pelos discentes. Os relatos obtidos evidenciaram que os estudantes sofrem de sintomas que vão do sofrimento psicológico e emocional até questões de cunho físico e biológico.
Palavras-chave: Ensino Superior. Espaço Universitário. Estudantes.
Abstract The socioeconomic context in which Brazilian universities are inserted is permeated by a series of difficulties that end up making the university environment, at times, hostile to its students. The main objective of the research was analyze the demands arising from undergraduate degree and how they can contribute to student illness. The methodology used in the research was structured based on a qualitative approach, using the case study method. The instrument used to collect data was the semi-open questionnaire. The main results of the research showed that academic demands are configured as one of the main factors that cause or aggravate the illness presented by the students. The reports obtained showed that students suffer from symptoms ranging from psychological and emotional suffering to physical and biological issues.
Keyword: University Education. University Space. Students.
Innovación Educativa/Pedagógica con TIC en la Educación Superior en Brasil: Factores en Interacción
Authors: Mercado MarcianaMarciana María Córdoba , Lima Claudia Maria de
Published: June 2023

ResumenEste trabajo presenta una revisión de literatura de tesis de maestría y doctorado que analizan la innovación pedagógica/educativa y/o las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en la Educación superior de Brasil. Para ello se analizaron todas las tesis que abordan el tema agrupadas en la Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Disertações (BDTD) entre los años 2010 – 2019. De los 66 trabajos seleccionados a partir de la búsqueda con descriptores, solo 10 tesis se focalizan en el tema separadamente o en correlación directa. La revisión revela poca preocupación investigativa por las prácticas de los profesores universitarios innovadoras (con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación) en la modalidad presencial. Aunque los trabajos realizados muestren cambios significativos cuando se introducen prácticas con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación o innovadoras (con Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación), sigue siendo un campo poco explorado y los recursos tecnológicos utilizados develan una tímida inclusión y apropiación ‘innovadora’, como resultado de diversos factores en interacción.
Palabras clave: Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación. Práctica pedagógica. Universidad.
ResumoEste trabalho apresenta uma revisão de literatura de teses e dissertações que analisam a inovação educativa/pedagógica e/ou as Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação na Educação superior do Brasil. Se analisaram todas as produções que abordam a temática entre os anos 2010 – 2019, agrupadas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD). Dos 66 trabalhos selecionados mediante a busca dos descritores, só 10 produções focalizam-se no tema separadamente ou em correlação direta. A revisão revela pouca preocupação investigativa pelas práticas inovadoras dos professores universitários (com Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação) na modalidade presencial. Ainda que os trabalhos realizados apresentem mudanças significativas quando se empregam práticas com Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação ou inovadoras (com Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação), continua a ser um campo pouco explorado e os recursos tecnológicos utilizados evidenciam uma tímida incorporação e apropriação ‘inovadora’, resultado de diversos fatores em interação.
Palavras-chave: Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação. Prática Pedagógica. Universidade.
Uma Análise do Contexto Educacional de um Município do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Costa Anderson Alexandre , Guilherme Mayara Marques
Published: June 2023

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal apresentar uma perspectiva dos autores sobre a educação do município Rio Grande, localizado no interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa documental de cunho qualitativo, baseado em diversas fontes: legislação vigente, institutos de pesquisa e documentos contábeis. Através da análise dos dados foi possível verificar que a cidade vem aumentando, ao longo dos anos, o número de alunos matriculados em escolas próprias e os investimentos na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental, sua principal responsabilidade de acordo com a legislação vigente. Como pontos negativos foi possível verificar que os indicadores municipais do IDEB permaneceram sempre abaixo das metas nacionais estipuladas. Também foi verificado um número expressivo de eleitores do município com grau de instrução baixo. Sendo assim, conclui-se que uma educação efetiva não se faz apenas com aumento de investimentos, é necessária uma mudança de paradigma que valorize todos os envolvidos no processo de ensinamento, para haver uma melhor equidade social com oportunidades de crescimento profissional para toda a população.
Palavras-chave: Educação. Rio Grande. Plano Municipal Educação.
AbstractThe main objective of this article is to present an authors' perspective of the education of Rio Grande city, located in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul state. The study was carried out through a qualitative documentary research based on several sources: current legislation, research institutes and accounting documents. Through data analysis, it was verified that the city has increased over the years the number of students studying in its own schools and also increased the investments in childhood education and primary education, according to its main responsibility based in the current legislation. As negative points, it was found that the city's IDEB indicators have always remained below the stipulated national targets. There was also a significant number of voters in the city with a low level of education. Therefore, it is concluded that an effective education does not depend only on increased investments, it is necessary to change the educational paradigm that values everyone involved in the process, in order to have better social equity with opportunities for professional growth for the entire society.
Keywords: Education. Rio Grande City. Municipal Education Plan.
Trajetória de Vida de Professores de Educação Física: Percursos Pessoais, Formativos e Profissionais
Authors: Folle Alexandra , Benites Larissa Cerignoni , Duek Viviane Preichardt , Oliveira Vinícius Plentz de , Nascimento Raquel Krapp do , Farias Gelcemar Oliveira
Published: June 2023

A trajetória de vida é marcada por momentos como infância, adolescência e relações familiares, formação acadêmica, experiências profissionais e modos de vida, os quais influenciam e são influenciados pela vida profissional. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a trajetória de vida de professores de Educação Física, em final de carreira no magistério público, considerando os percursos pessoal, formativo e profissional. Participaram treze professores de Educação Física, do ensino público da cidade de Florianópolis (SC). Utilizou-se a técnica de investigação qualitativa Entrevista, Transcrição, Categorização e Interpretação (ETCI) para a coleta e a análise das informações. As informações obtidas revelaram que o percurso pessoal teve como pilares os familiares, que os incentivaram e serviram de referência para a profissão, mas também exigiram renúncias, mudanças e superação de desafios. O percurso da formação foi, predominantemente, marcado por experiências positivas (Educação Básica, formação inicial e continuada), enquanto o da profissão elucidou sentimentos de tomada de decisão, choque com o real (no início da carreira), aquisição de competências e conhecimentos tácitos (ao longo dos anos de magistério), além da necessidade de mudanças de trajetórias. Concluiu-se que, em sua maioria, os professores planejam se aposentar mais por insegurança quanto às regras de aposentadoria do que pelo interesse em se afastar da docência.
Palavras-chave: Docentes. Educação Básica. Entrevista. Pesquisa Qualitativa.
Abstract The life trajectory is marked by moments such as childhood, adolescence and family relationships, academic education, professional experiences and lifestyle, which influence and are influenced by professional life. The aim of the study was to analyze the life trajectory of Physical Education teachers at the ending of their career in public education, considering the personal, training and professional pathways. Thirteen physical education teachers from public education attended the study in the city of Florianópolis. The qualitative techniques used in the research was the technique Interview, Transcription, Categorization, and Interpretation. The information obtained revealed that the personal trajectory was based on the family members who encouraged them and served as a reference for the profession, but also demanded resignations, changes and overcoming challenges. The training trajectory was predominantly marked by positive experiences (basic education, initial and continuing education), while the profession way elucidated feelings of decision-making, shock with the real, acquisition of skills and tacit knowledge, in addition to changes in trajectories. Most of them plan to retire more due to insecurity about retirement rules than out of interest in getting away from teaching.
Keywords: Faculty. Basic Education. Interview. Qualitative Research.
Evaluation of Salivary Flow Rate in Patients undergoing Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Bispo Mayara Simões , Dantas Juliana Borges de Lima , Lima Hayana Ramos , Medrado Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto , Carrera Manoela , Campos Elisângela de Jesus , Martins Gabriela Botelho
Published: June 2023

AbstractChemotherapy for cancer treatment offers the possibility of eradicating neoplastic cells, however, its use can result in systemic and oral adverse effects, with emphasis on the qualitative-quantitative modification of saliva. To evaluate the stimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) in patients undergoing chemotherapy for treatment of solid malignancies. This was a cross-sectional study with twenty patients diagnosed with solid tumors undergoing chemotherapy with cytotoxic drugs. Subjects were submitted to stimulated sialometry in the 1st cycle of chemotherapy (baseline, 7th day and 14th day). Additionally, sociodemographic data regarding these patients were collected in a standardized questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis were performed, with a significance level of p<0.05. There was a predominance of women (75%) aged over 40 years old (90%). The most prevalent tumor location was breast (55%), followed by ovaries (15%), and the most used drug was cyclophosphamide (50%). In the sample, no statistically significant result was observed with regard to SFR (p>0.05) in the studied periods. The data suggest that the 1st cycle of chemotherapy was not able to induce significant changes in the SFR. New studies need to be performed for the prospective identification of potential changes in salivary parameters.
Keywords: Antineoplastic Agents. Neoplasms. Saliva.
ResumoA quimioterapia para tratamento do câncer oferece possibilidade de erradicação das células neoplásicas, todavia, seu emprego pode resultar em efeitos adversos sistêmicos e em cavidade oral, com destaque para modificação quali-quantitativa da saliva. Avaliar a velocidade de fluxo salivar (VFS) estimulado em pacientes sob quimioterapia para tratamento de neoplasias malignas sólidas. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, no qual vinte pacientes com tumores sólidos sob regime quimioterápico com drogas sabidamente citotóxicas, foram submetidos à sialometria estimulada no 1º ciclo de quimioterapia (baseline, 7º dia e 14º dia). Adicionalmente, foram coletados dados referentes às características sociodemográficas desses pacientes. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, com nível de significância p<0,05. Observou-se predominância de mulheres (75%) em idade acima dos 40 anos (90%). A localização do tumor mais prevalente foi a mama (55%), seguida de ovários (15%) e a droga mais utilizada foi a ciclofosfamida (50%). Na amostra não foi observado resultado estatisticamente significativo no que diz respeito à variável VFS (p>0,05) nos períodos estudados. Os dados sugerem que o 1° ciclo de quimioterapia não foi capaz de induzir alterações significativas na VFS. Novos estudos precisam ser realizados para a identificação prospectiva de potenciais alterações nos parâmetros salivares.
Palavras-chave: Antineoplásicos. Neoplasias. Saliva.
Sürdürülebilir ahşap koruma için nanoteknoloji potansiyelinin araştırılması
Authors: RAMAZANOĞLU Doğu , ÖZDEMİR Ferhat
Published: June 2023

Ahşabın korunması, ahşap ürünlerin yapısal ve estetik özelliklerinin muhafaza edilmesinde büyük öneme sahiptir. Geleneksel yöntemler arasında kimyasal işlemler, koruyucular ve kaplamalar yer alsa da, çevresel ve sağlık açısından olumsuz etkileri nedeniyle sürdürülebilir alternatiflere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Nanomalzemelerin kullanımı, ahşap koruması için yeni potansiyeller sunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, lignoselülozik malzemelere emprenye yöntemiyle nanopartiküller uygulanarak masif ahşabın su ve yangın direnci artırılmıştır ve bu işlem için ek enerji gerekmeksizin gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, büyük ölçekli üretim için daha maliyet-etkin ve enerji tasarruflu bir yaklaşım belirlemek ve ahşap endüstrisinde yeni ve rekabetçi malzemeler sunmaktır. Yüzey modifikasyonu ve karakterizasyon çalışmaları, SEM-EDX ve Optik Profilometre analizleri, termal mukavemet için TGA-DTA analizi, su direnci için % su alım testi ve renk değişim parametrelerini belirlemek için PCE-CSM 10 spektrofotometre kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çinko oksit (ZnO), Kitosan (Ch) ve kalay dioksit (SnO2) nanopartikülleri ile işlevselleştirilmiş ahşap yüzeyler, sırasıyla %64.0 %71.0 ve %73.0 su alma değerleri sergilemiştir. TEOS ile silanizasyon işlemi sonrasında ise su alma değerleri ilgili yüzeyler için %58.0 %59.0 ve %60.0 olarak belirlenmiştir. TGA ve DTA sonuçlarına göre, W-ZnO-TEOS numunesi en yüksek kütle korumasını göstermiş ve 340-375°C'de %62.1 (5.717 mg), 381-439°C'de ise %14.4 (1.328 mg) ağırlık kaybı yaşanmıştır. Bunu takiben, W-SnO2-TEOS numunesi 301-353°C'de %46.3 (7,050 mg) ve 431-469°C'de %15.4 (2.345 mg) ağırlık kaybı sergilemiştir. W-Ch-TEOS numunesi ise 342-365°C'de %66.4 (8.242 mg) ve 448-476°C'de %18.8 (2.335 mg) ağırlık kaybı göstermiştir. Genel olarak, W-SnO2-TEOS numunesi en yüksek su direncini sergilerken, W-ZnO-TEOS numunesi yangın koruması açısından en etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir.
ANALYSIS FINANCIAL RATIOS ON FINANCIAL DISTRESS OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANY LISTED ON INDONESIAN STOCK EXCHANGE IN 2017-2020 PERIOD
Authors: Inggamal Amelia
Published: June 2023

This study wants to see and analyze how the business and financial conditions of transportation companies affected by the covid-19 pandemic using financial ratios measured by CR, DER, ROA, and TATO, which are strengthened in the use of the Altman Z-Score Method as a detector financial distress. The method of this research using altman z-score to predict financial distress with financial ratios and also the data analyze with logistic regression. The result we can find and analyze the effect of liquidity ratio (CR), leverage ratio (DER), profitability ratio (ROA) and activity ratio (TATO) on financial distress condition in transportation company that listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the study from 2017-2020. This study aims to determine the effect of financial ratios, namely the liquidity ratio as measured by the Current Ratio (CR), the leverage ratio as measured by the Debt Equity Ratio (DER), the profitability ratio as measured by Return On Assets (ROA) and the activity ratio as measured by Total Assets Turnover (TATO) on financial distress conditions in transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the study period from 2017-2020. So, based on the results of the logistic regression that has been carried out in this study, Liquidity Ratio measured using the Current Ratio (CR) has a positive effect in predicting financial distress conditions, Leverage ratio as measured by using the Debt Equity Ratio (DER) has no effect in predicting financial distress, Profitability ratio as measured by using Return On Assets (ROA) has no effect in predicting financial distress in transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, and Activity ratio as measured using Total Assets Turnover (TATO) has a positive effect in predicting financial distress.
Effect of melatonin on hematological indices in cyclophosphamide induced hematotoxicity in mice
Authors: Babatola Adefunke Olarinre , Onaolapo Olakunle James , Onaolapo Adejoke Yetunde
Published: June 2023

Background: Cyclophosphamide use is often limited by associated hematotoxicity.  This study investigated the effects of melatonin on haematological indices in cyclophosphamide-induced hematotoxicity in mice.
Methods: Ninety mice weighing between 20-25 gm were randomly divided equally into nine groups (A-I). Group A (saline control) received 2 ml/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.) normal saline with 10 ml/kg distilled water orally, groups B, C and D (melatonin control) received i.p. normal saline with melatonin at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg orally, respectively. Group E (cyclophosphamide control) received 150 mg/kg/day i.p. cyclophosphamide with 10 ml/kg distilled water orally, while group F received 150 mg/kg/day cyclophosphamide with standard drug, (erythropoietin control) at 100 IU/kg.  Group G, H and I (treatment groups) received 150 mg/kg/day cyclophosphamide with melatonin at 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg/day orally.  Cyclophosphamide was administered on days 1 and 2 only, oral administrations occur once daily for 14 days. On day 15, animals were sacrificed and blood collected by cardiac puncture for assessment of haematological parameters; white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC) and platelets (PLT).
Results: The results showed a significant increase in WBC in groups C D, G and H (melatonin control; 10 mg/kg. 20 mg/kg and melatonin treatment; 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) and a significant (p=0.001) decrease in group E (cyclophosphamide control) compared to A (saline control). RBC increased significantly in groups B and D (melatonin control; 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg) and significantly decreased in group E (cyclophosphamide control) compared to group A (saline control). Compared to group E (cyclophosphamide control), RBC increased significantly in groups F-I (erythropoietin standard, melatonin treatment). PLT increased significantly in groups B, C, (melatonin control; 5mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) G, H and I (melatonin treatment) compared with groups A (saline control) and E (cyclophosphamide control) (p=0.001).
Conclusions: Melatonin has potential to attenuate cyclophosphamide-induced hematotoxicity in mice.
Determination of the bioavailability and biodistribution of a single dose of oral cholecalciferol/Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule by pharmacoscintigraphy- CalSci study
Authors: Sahay Rakesh , Saresa Hiten , Changani Mohit , Kotadia Ravi , Soni Ameet , Patel Pratik , Khanna Kushagra , Kumar Neeraj , Gupta Annie
Published: June 2023

Background: It is required to study the bioavailability and biodistribution of specific cholecalciferol formulation before prescribing. Pharmacoscintigraphy is an established radiological-imaging technique that is used to map various drug formulations as they traverses the human body (biodistribution) in real-time. We evaluated the bioavailability and biodistribution pattern, transit time, and gastrointestinal clearance of a single dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule 60,000 IU [an oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D) formulation] using pharmacoscintigraphy.
Methods: Six male healthy adult volunteers were administered a single oral dose of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule labelled with technetium-99m. Post-dosing, serial venous blood samples were collected till day 27 for the estimation of the plasma levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol levels. Different pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Sequential static gamma imaging was performed to evaluate the biodistribution of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule. Descriptive statistics was used. Various pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the concentration-time curves. Statistical analysis was carried out using Student’s t-test. Suitable multivariate analysis was performed based on the distribution of data. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS® Software (v 9.4).
Results: The overall absorption of Calcirol® soft gelatin capsule was 93.23%, which was fully from the small intestine. It led to achieving a sufficient level of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (>60 ng/ml) within 6 hours of oral intake. The levels of plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol increased (maximum around 6 and 18 days, respectively). The small intestinal residence time was around 16 hours. No adverse event was noted.
Conclusions: This was the first pharmacoscintigraphy study in the world which demonstrated the favourable bio-distribution of the Calcirol softgels supporting its role in vitamin D supplementation.
Predictors and coping strategies for stress, anxiety and depression among medical undergraduates and postgraduates in Puducherry
Authors: Mangaiarkkarasi A. , Akshita K.
Published: June 2023

Background: Higher proportion of medical students experience stress, anxiety and depression than compared to general population in Indian settings which are often underdiagnosed. This study aim was to assess the frequency, predictors and coping strategies of stress, anxiety and depression among the medical undergraduates and postgraduates of a tertiary care teaching hospital.
Methods: Questionnaire based online cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 medical undergraduates and post graduate students from June to July, 2021. Sociodemographic profile, questions from the depression, anxiety, stress scale-4 and details of coping strategies were collected. The data were analysed using SPSS 21.0   Descriptive statistics, Chi square test and Multinomial logistic regression analysis were used.  P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 21.5±3.1 years. Majority (63.1%) belonged to upper middle class. 92.3% joined the medical course with personal interest. The frequency of severe depression, anxiety and stress was 22.4%, 16.2% and 18% respectively. The frequency of extremely severe depression, anxiety and stress was 16.4%, 23.2% and 9% respectively. Acceptance, self-distraction and positive reframing were commonly followed coping strategies. Substance abuse and behavioural disengagement were the least followed. Significant association was observed between Emotion focused and avoidant coping with depression, anxiety and stress.
Conclusions: Higher frequency of depression (47.1%), anxiety (52.9%), and stress (38%), was observed among the students. Acceptance, positive reframing and self-distraction were commonly used coping strategies. Significant association seen with depression, anxiety and stress with emotion- focused and avoidant coping strategies.
A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study of medication adherence in children suffering from epilepsy attending pediatric out-patient department at a tertiary care teaching hospital
Authors: Joshi Khilen P. , Bhave Amol L. , Vyas Pratit P.
Published: June 2023

Background: Epilepsy is a common chronic disease presenting during childhood that requires long-term treatment. Rates of adherence to antiepileptic drugs are variable in children ranging from 25% to 75%. Non-adherent patients are more likely to experience frequent and recurrent seizures which drastically impact the health of the patient. This study was therefore conducted in order to assess the medication adherence of children suffering from epilepsy to the prescribed anti-epileptic drug therapy.
Methods: Children diagnosed with epilepsy aged 6-18 years were enrolled in the present cross-sectional questionnaire-based study after prior written informed consent and written informed assent. Children with co-morbidities were excluded from the study (as diagnosed by the Paediatrician). The case record form was filled after interviewing the patients. A questionnaire based on the Morisky medication adherence scale-8 (MMAS) was used to evaluate the quality of life of children.
Results: Total 243 patients got enrolled in the study. GTCS was found to be the most common type of epilepsy. Valproate was the most commonly used agent. Out of the 243 patients in total, 201 patients (83%) showed high adherence, 24 patients (10%) showed medium adherence and 18 patients (7%) showed poor adherence to the treatment prescribed. Patients on monotherapy showed higher adherence rates than patients on polytherapy. Medication adherence was highest with Valproate among monotherapy and valproate + carbamazepine among poly-therapy.
Conclusions: We conclude that monotherapy with anti-epileptic agents and patient satisfaction is positive predictors of medication adherence leading to a lesser impact of the disease on the child and improved health.
Clinical profile, management and post operative outcome in patients with anorectal malformations
Authors: Narad Sameer , Mishra Atul Kumar , Saxena Pankaj Kumar , Bhut Parth
Published: June 2023

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARM) form a very important group of anomalies dealt by pediatric surgeons. Identification of different forms of the anomaly, planning investigation and definitive surgical procedure to attain the final goal of a continent child, remains a difficult task till date. Aim of the study was to study complete clinical profile of the ARM patient, surgical procedure and post operative outcome with special emphasis on continence.
Methods: We conducted a study at Geetanjali medical college, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India for clinical profile and management of patients with ARM with assessment of post-operative outcome. All cases of ARM operated from August 2016 to June 2021 were included in the study. All aspects of the anomaly i.e., type, age and sex distribution, associated anomalies, surgical technique used and post op complications were assessed. Evaluation of continence was done by Kelly's scoring system.
Results: The 71% patients had staged surgery with posterior sagittal ano-rectoplasty (PSARP) being the most common procedure used (71%). Immediate post op complications were nil. Incontinence was present in 29% patients. Constipation was present in 46% patients. On assessing Kelly's scoring 96% patients had satisfactory score. Postoperative continence was achieved in 70.8% and in 83.3% patients after treatment (bowel management).
Conclusions: Meticulous planning and surgical technique with sphincter identification and proper placement of ano-rectum are most important to achieve desired results. Kelly's scoring is important to assess post operative results and plan management for incontinence. With aggressive bowel management it is possible to achieve reasonable continence and quality of life for even those anomalies with poor prognosis.
Association of anemia with acute lower respiratory tract infection in children aged 2 months to 5 years
Authors: Tailor Dixita , Bamnawat Subhash , Sareen Devendra , Jain Shubham
Published: June 2023

Background: In developing countries lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a major cause of death in children. Various risk factors like low birth weight, malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, lack of breastfeeding, poor socioeconomic status, large family size, young age and air pollution have been proposed for development of lower respiratory infections. Anemia is one of the commonest cofactor of LRTI.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted among 150 children in the age group of 2 months-5 years who attended the department of paediatrics during February 2021 to July 2022. Accordingly, 75 cases of LRTI and 75 normal controls (age and gender matched) were enrolled. Their parents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood investigations were done and documented in a proforma.
Results: On studying the age distribution, maximum children were in the age group of 1-3 years. Male preponderance was found with male: female ratio being 1.27:1. Study shows that 74.67% of the cases and 34.67% of the controls were found anemic. Anemia was found to be a significant risk factor for LRTI (p<0.001).
Conclusions: Anemia was significantly found in patients with LRTIs and these patients were found to be more susceptible to LRTIs. Prevention of anemia, due to whatever etiology, early diagnosis and treatment is important to reduce the incidence of LRTIs in children.
Evaluation of the synergistic effect of physiotherapy and preventive dental treatment on drooling in children with special healthcare needs
Authors: Metgud Deepa , Saxena Nivedita , M. Hugar Shivayogi , Laheri Richa , Kohli Neha
Published: June 2023

Drooling is the involuntary, passive spillage of saliva due to inability to handle oral secretions, normally occurring in infants and young children. It is considered abnormal to have problems with saliva control beyond the age of 4 years. Physiotherapy treatment including oral motor stimulation has been regularly used to decrease drooling but its effect along with dental treatment is unknown. Therefore, the study was conducted with the combined effect of physiotherapy and dental treatment on drooling in children with developmental disorders. A study with pre-post intervention experimental design was conducted to study the combined effect of physiotherapy and dental treatment. Ten children with developmental disorders in the age group of 4-12 years with a complaint of drooling were recruited from the pediatric out-patients department and child developmental centre of a tertiary care hospital and a special school in Belagavi, India. Pre interventions outcomes for drooling severity through 5-minute drooling quotient scale, impact of drooling through drooling impact scale and oral hygiene status through OHIS index were noted. Children were subjected to dental intervention consisting of oral prophylaxis and fluoride application followed by physiotherapy intervention consisting of oral motor stimulation thrice a week for 4 weeks. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results indicated a significant improvement in drooling with a mean difference of 11.20±4.87 and p=0.001 on the drooling impact scale and mean difference of 23.66±6.07 and p=0.001 on the 5- minute drooling scale. It also indicated a significant improvement in plaque scores with the mean difference of 0.25±0.16 and p=0.001 (p<0.05). This study showed that combination of physiotherapy and dental treatment is useful for the treatment of drooling in children with developmental disorders and shown that interdisciplinary approach is more effective in management of these children.
Interesting case of acute pancreatitis secondary to leptospirosis
Authors: Mundkur Suneel C. , Reddy Niharika , Moras Karen Janice , George Divya Mary , Pereira Rochelle Anne
Published: June 2023

Leptospirosis caused by Leptospira icterohemorrhagica is a severe, acute condition which can be complicated by multi-organ dysfunction renal failure, liver failure (jaundice), acute respiratory distress syndrome, rhabdomyolysis and bleeding manifestations such as petechiae, epistaxis, hematemesis, hemoptysis, malena, commonly we see characteristic conjunctival suffusion and may lead to fatal multiple organ dysfunction. Leptospirosis may be mistaken for diverse infectious diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, rickettsial disease, ehrlichiosis or hantavirus infection which may mimic leptospirosis. We reported an interesting and rare case of leptospirosis with acute pancreatitis who had a prolonged course.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease – two distinct clinical presentations
Authors: J. Deepthi , M. T. P. Mohammed , Smitha Sony , Aravind Smija , K. V. Radhamani , V. V. Radhakrishnan , Payora Ravikumar
Published: June 2023

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder caused by the development of immunoglobulin G autoantibody targeting MOG, which is expressed exclusively on the outer surface of the myelin sheath and plasma membrane of oligodendrocyte. MOGAD can present in different clinical spectrum including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis and relapsing courses of these presentations. Depending on the severity, acute attacks can be treated with I V methyl prednisolone, plasma exchange or IVIG as in any demyelinating disease. This report is about 2 children with MOG antibody positive disease who presented with different symptomatology, severity and outcome.
Accuracy of leukocyte esterase reagent strip test and platelet indices for early diagnosis of ascitic fluid infection in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Dutta Rajib , Rahman Mohammad M. , Patwary Rezaul I. , Imam Iftekhar , Ahmad Habib I. , Choudhury Shusmita D. , Datta Indrajit K. , Bhuiyan Tareq M.
Published: June 2023

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is one of the serious complexities in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. 30-50% of death may occur if it not treated properly. The leucocyte esterase reagent (LER) strip test is a special apparatus for prior detection of neutrophils in the ascetic fluid. The aim of the study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of the LER strip test and platelet indices in the early detection of SBP in cirrhotic patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of gastrointestinal hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders (GHPD), BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2018 to October 2019. A total of 110 indoor patients of liver cirrhosis with ascites were enrolled after fulfilment of the inclusion and exclusion criteria with adequate history taking and clinical examination.
Results: Out of 110 cases, 68 were male and 42 were female, and among them 23 (20.9%) patients had SBP. LER strip test at grade 4 set as a cut-off value which showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy was 91.3%, 90.8%, 70%, 97.5%, and 90% respectively. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were done by complete blood count, where the MPV cut-off value set as 12.5 fl showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 82.6%, 90.8%, 66%, 96.25%, and 88.18% respectively. PDW cut-off value set on 18.10% revealed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy was 82.6%, 83.9%, 50%, 95.71% and 79% respectively. ROC curve was plotted to set the cut-off value by examining sensitivity and specificity. Results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.
Conclusions: This study was undertaken to detect LER strip tests that showed significant results in bedside diagnosis of SBP. Apart from this, a significant increase in MPV and PDW was observed in SBP. So, LER strip tests and platelet indices measurement can be economical and reliable appliances for early diagnosis of SBP.
An observational study to assess the clinical profiles of patients with chronic liver disease
Authors: Suresh Anugraha , M. Praveen
Published: June 2023

Background: Chronic liver disease (CLD) is an escalating degradation of the functions of the liver exceeding for more than 6 months with a continued cycle of inflammation, destruction, and regeneration of the liver parenchyma. As per the data obtained from the 2017 Global Burden of Disease, there was a 11.4% increase in CLD related mortality since 2012. Thus, the main objective of this study was to study the clinical profile of patients with CLD.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 200 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria. The patients with presenting complaints suggesting of CLD were followed for confirmation of diagnosis. History and clinical examination were recorded as per a predefined proforma designed for the study.
Results: Almost four-fifth of the participants were male (79.5%). Most of the patients (87.5%) presented with abdominal distension and jaundice (80.5%). Half of the CLD patients (51.5%) belonged to Class B, followed by 46.5% of patients in class C of Child Turcotte Pugh. Liver function test, Renal function test and coagulation profile were deranged in majority of patient and USG abdomen showed features of CLD along with portal hypertension in approximately 82.5% of patients.
Conclusions: Male gender in the age-group of 41 to 60 years was mostly affected and mainly belonged to CTP class B and class C. Most common complications observed in CLD patients were hepatic encephalopathy followed by upper gastrointestinal bleed and coagulopathy.