bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rome à la campagne : les décors en pierre de la villa de la Grande Boussue à Nouvelles (Mons, Belgique)
Authors: Coquelet Catherine , Dreesen Roland , Goemaere Éric , Leblois Éric , Raepsaet-Charlier Marie-Thérèse
Published: October 2023

La villa gallo-romaine de la Grande Boussue est située sur le versant méridional du bassin de la Haine, en province de Hainaut (Belgique). Les campagnes de fouilles successives, menées à la fin du xixe s., puis de 1964 à 1985, démontrent l’étendue et la richesse de cet établissement rural de la cité des Nerviens, distant de 16 km à peine de sa capitale, Bavay. Au cours de ces interventions, une quantité importante de roches ornementales a été recueillie. Celles-ci suggèrent la présence de revêtements d’applique en pierre dans plusieurs pièces de la villa, notamment les bains. Une grande partie appartient cependant au décor complexe d’une pièce chauffée, restée en usage jusque dans les dernières décennies du iiie s. apr. J.-C. Son caractère ostentatoire, son confort et ses dimensions conduisent à l’interpréter comme une salle de réception aménagée à l’écart des bains. Cette étude a nécessité par ailleurs une relecture approfondie des données de fouilles pour l’ensemble du site : confrontées aux chronologies appuyées par les analyses de mobilier déjà réalisées, elles permettent de proposer un schéma de développement général pour cet établissement dont la superficie, estimée au minimum à 4 ha, pourrait être nettement revue à la hausse, eu égard à son extension présumée et son statut aristocratique.
A novel finite element approximation of anisotropic curve shortening flow
Authors: Deckelnick Klaus , Nürnberg Robert
Published: October 2023

We extend the DeTurck trick from the classical isotropic curve shortening flow to the anisotropic setting. Here, the anisotropic energy density is allowed to depend on space, which allows an interpretation in the context of Finsler metrics, giving rise to, for instance, geodesic curvature flow in Riemannian manifolds. Assuming that the density is strictly convex and smooth, we introduce a novel weak formulation for anisotropic curve shortening flow. We then derive an optimal

H^1

-error bound for a continuous-in-time semidiscrete finite element approximation that uses piecewise linear elements. In addition, we consider some fully practical fully discrete schemes and prove their unconditional stability. Finally, we present several numerical simulations, including some convergence experiments that confirm the derived error bound, as well as applications to crystalline curvature flow and geodesic curvature flow.
Accessibility and utilization of healthcare services among diabetic patients: Is diabetes a poor man’s ailment?
Authors: Eseadi Chiedu , Amedu Amos Nnaemeka , Ilechukwu Leonard Chidi , Ngwu Millicent O , Ossai Osita Victor
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Kidney involvement in patients with diabetes has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to overt proteinuria and kidney failure. The development of kidney disease in diabetes is associated with structural changes in multiple kidney compartments, such as the vascular system and glomeruli. Glomerular alterations include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, loss of podocytes, and segmental mesangiolysis, which may lead to microaneurysms and the development of pathognomonic Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. Beyond lesions directly related to diabetes, awareness of the possible coexistence of nondiabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes is increasing. These nondiabetic lesions include focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and other primary or secondary renal disorders. Differential diagnosis of these conditions is crucial in guiding clinical management and therapeutic approaches. However, the relationship between diabetes and the kidney is bidirectional; thus, new-onset diabetes may also occur as a complication of the treatment in patients with renal diseases. Here, we review the complex and multifaceted correlation between diabetes and kidney diseases and discuss clinical presentation and course, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic oppor-tunities offered by novel drugs.
Effects of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk factors for insulin resistance
Authors: Sun Li-Jie , Lu Ji-Xuan , Li Xin-Yu , Zheng Tian-Sheng , Zhan Xiao-Rong
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Kidney involvement in patients with diabetes has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to overt proteinuria and kidney failure. The development of kidney disease in diabetes is associated with structural changes in multiple kidney compartments, such as the vascular system and glomeruli. Glomerular alterations include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, loss of podocytes, and segmental mesangiolysis, which may lead to microaneurysms and the development of pathognomonic Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. Beyond lesions directly related to diabetes, awareness of the possible coexistence of nondiabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes is increasing. These nondiabetic lesions include focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and other primary or secondary renal disorders. Differential diagnosis of these conditions is crucial in guiding clinical management and therapeutic approaches. However, the relationship between diabetes and the kidney is bidirectional; thus, new-onset diabetes may also occur as a complication of the treatment in patients with renal diseases. Here, we review the complex and multifaceted correlation between diabetes and kidney diseases and discuss clinical presentation and course, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic oppor-tunities offered by novel drugs.
Effects of insulin aspart and metformin on gestational diabetes mellitus and inflammatory markers
Authors: Wang Yan , Song Min , Qi Bang-Ruo
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Kidney involvement in patients with diabetes has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to overt proteinuria and kidney failure. The development of kidney disease in diabetes is associated with structural changes in multiple kidney compartments, such as the vascular system and glomeruli. Glomerular alterations include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, loss of podocytes, and segmental mesangiolysis, which may lead to microaneurysms and the development of pathognomonic Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. Beyond lesions directly related to diabetes, awareness of the possible coexistence of nondiabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes is increasing. These nondiabetic lesions include focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and other primary or secondary renal disorders. Differential diagnosis of these conditions is crucial in guiding clinical management and therapeutic approaches. However, the relationship between diabetes and the kidney is bidirectional; thus, new-onset diabetes may also occur as a complication of the treatment in patients with renal diseases. Here, we review the complex and multifaceted correlation between diabetes and kidney diseases and discuss clinical presentation and course, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic oppor-tunities offered by novel drugs.
Characteristics of glucose change in diabetes mellitus generalized through continuous wavelet transform processing: A preliminary study
Authors: Nakamura Yoichi , Furukawa Shinya
Published: October 2023

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease. Kidney involvement in patients with diabetes has a wide spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic to overt proteinuria and kidney failure. The development of kidney disease in diabetes is associated with structural changes in multiple kidney compartments, such as the vascular system and glomeruli. Glomerular alterations include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, loss of podocytes, and segmental mesangiolysis, which may lead to microaneurysms and the development of pathognomonic Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules. Beyond lesions directly related to diabetes, awareness of the possible coexistence of nondiabetic kidney disease in patients with diabetes is increasing. These nondiabetic lesions include focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, IgA nephropathy, and other primary or secondary renal disorders. Differential diagnosis of these conditions is crucial in guiding clinical management and therapeutic approaches. However, the relationship between diabetes and the kidney is bidirectional; thus, new-onset diabetes may also occur as a complication of the treatment in patients with renal diseases. Here, we review the complex and multifaceted correlation between diabetes and kidney diseases and discuss clinical presentation and course, differential diagnosis, and therapeutic oppor-tunities offered by novel drugs.
Reviewers
Authors: Sandu Corina
Published: October 2023

Reviewers
Composite and Bonded Structure Inspector: Training Document
Authors:   AMS CACRC Commercial Aircraft Composite Repair Committee
Published: October 2023

This document provides recommendations concerning the minimum knowledge and skill guidelines for a composite and metal bond repair inspector.

Teaching levels have been assigned to this curriculum to define the knowledge, skills and abilities needed to inspect repairs. Minimum hours of instruction have been provided to ensure adequate lecture and laboratory coverage of all subject matter. These minimums may be exceeded, and may include an increase in the total number of training hours and/or increases in the teaching levels.
Test and Test Procedures for SAE 100R Series Hydraulic Hose and Hose Assemblies
Authors:   Hydraulic Hose and Hose Fittings Committee
Published: October 2023

This SAE Standard gives methods for testing and evaluating performance of the SAE 100R series of hydraulic hose and hose assemblies (hose and attached end fittings) used in hydraulic fluid power systems.

Specific tests and performance criteria for evaluating hose assemblies used in hydraulic service are in accordance with the requirements for hose in the respective specifications of SAE J517.

This document further establishes a uniform means of testing and evaluating performance of hydraulic hose assemblies.
Degradation Of Synthetic Dyes By Green Synthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Using Leaf Extract
Authors: Dr. Jeldi Anitha  , Lukas Gelibo  , Dr. Srikanth Komarabathina  , Dr. CH.AI.Raju
Published: October 2023

The Textile effluent toxicity is currently a worldwide concern. To address this issue, this study introduced a low-cost, environmentally friendly technique for toxic dye adsorption. Green synthesis has gotten a lot of attention in materials science as a reliable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly method for making a variety of materials/Nano-materials, such as metal/metal oxide nanomaterial’s, hybrid materials, and bio inspired materials. As a result, green synthesis is seen as an important tool for reducing the harmful effects of traditional method. When the aqueous leaf extract was added to the silver nitrate solution, the reaction medium's color changed from pale yellow to brown, indicating that the silver ions were reduced to silver nanoparticles. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to identify the synthesized silver nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine dispersion and morphology. The effective functional molecules responsible for the reduction and stabilization of silver nanoparticles synthesized by leaf extract were identified using the FESEM and FTIR spectrum. The present experimentation carried out in a batch process using sorption method. The optimization studies are pH, concentration, temperature and the green synthesized silver nanoparticles effectively degraded the dye by nearly 95 percent.
Halal Supply Chain Strategy for Etawa Goat Milk to Increase Sales Volume in Senduro Lumajang Village
Authors: Hikmah Lailatul
Published: October 2023

This research aims to identify and analyze halal supply chain strategies that can increase the sales volume of Etawa goat milk in Senduro Village, Lumajang. Etawa goat milk is a product with significant potential in the local market, especially due to the increasing demand for halal products. This research employs a qualitative descriptive analysis method to gather data on market characteristics, production processes, distribution, and challenges faced by Etawa goat milk producers. Additionally, the research involves interviews with stakeholders in the supply chain. The findings of this research identify several strategies that can be implemented to increase the sales volume of Etawa goat milk in Senduro Village, Lumajang. These strategies include improving product quality, obtaining halal certification, enhancing distribution efficiency, and improving marketing efforts. The implementation of these strategies is expected to provide significant economic benefits to Etawa goat milk producers and contribute positively to the local community's economic development. This research can serve as a guide for Etawa goat milk producers and other stakeholders in developing a more effective and sustainable supply chain in an environment that prioritizes halal aspects.
Factores protectores y resiliencia en escolares de una zona rural de México
Authors: Arredondo Josefina Sarai Candia , Martínez Martha Patricia Trujillo , Facundo Francisco Rafael Guzmán , Marquez Arodi Tizoc , Vazquez Annel González
Published: October 2023

Introducción: Se reporta que en México los niños de 1 a 14 años ha experimentado algún método violento, 6 de cada 10 ha sufrido agresión psicológica proveniente de familiares. Aunado a lo anterior se describe a la zona rural como aquella que cuenta con características de riesgo, existe evidencia que muestra que una de las características que puede evitar estos riesgos es la resiliencia. Objetivo: describir y analizar la relación entre los factores de protección y la resiliencia. Metodo: Diseño, descriptivo, correlacional, muestra 303 escolares. Resultados: El 47.4% de los escolares reportó resiliencia alta. Existe una relación positiva y significativa de la atmósfera familiar con la resiliencia (r=.274, p<.001), del apoyo social con la resiliencia (r=.219, p<.001), y de afrontamiento eficaz y resiliencia (r=.250, p<.001). Conclusiones: enfermería cuenta con información oportuna para prevenir riesgos y promover la salud, a través del fortalecimiento de la resiliencia en escolares de zonas rurales.
GOLDBACH'S PROBLEMS
Authors:   Pensioner,citizen of Ukraine,(IndependentResearcherWetzlarGermany., Mykhaylo Khusid
Published: October 2023

The Goldbach-Euler binary problem is formulated as follows: Any even number, starting from 4, can be represented as the sum of two primes. The ternary Goldbach problem is formulated as follows: Every odd number greater than 7 can be represented as the sum of three odd primes, which was finally solved in 2013.[1]-[8].In 1995, Olivier Ramare proved that any even number is the sum of no more than 6 primes.[9]
Autoregressive Vector (VAR) Method in Analyzing Inflation Persistence in Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Marlina Nisa , Suriadi Irwan ,   Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram
Published: October 2023

One of the most important economic variables is inflation. It is known that some changes in each major variable in the economy are caused by the rate of inflation, such as unemployment and future economic conditions. This is what makes inflation a variable that is often observed and tested, both theoretically and empirically. Economic development is said to run well if supported by stable inflation values, which will later serve to make the population more prosperous in the future. This research is a quantitative research using secondary data, namely inflation and CPI data from January 2018 to December 2022. Data obtained from Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. This study aims to see persistence in Indonesia and see the effect of CPI on inflation both in the long and short term. Where the model used in this study is using the VAR model of differential levels, because the data is not stationary at the level level. Determination of the optimal lag length is obtained from the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) value. The results of the analysis show that the persistence of inflation in Indonesia is fairly high. This is because the lag value in inflation is close to 1 or even more, which is 6.71. The high persistence of inflation is expected to cause shocks that affect the inflation rate in Indonesia. Then the length of time it takes for inflation to return to the equilibrium position is about 1 year and a half or 18 months. Furthermore, for the effect of inflation on CPI, in this case it has an influence in the long run, while for the short term influence is only influenced by its own variables.
Development of Useful Cultural Tourism Increase Labor Absorption and Income in Baubau City Souteast Sulawesi Province
Authors:   Department of Oral Tradition, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Suraya Rahmat Sewa , Boni Yohanes ,   Department of Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, Halu Oleo University, Saputri Shinta Arjunita ,   Department of Oral Tradition, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Halu Oleo University, Marhini La Ode ,   Department of Oral Tradition, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Halu Oleo University
Published: October 2023

This research was carried out in 2020. The problem of cultural tourism in Baubau City is low productivity and competitiveness caused by the not yet optimal utilization of the potential of cultural tourism resources, the lack of integrated promotion systems, weak policy implementation, and inadequate infrastructure supporting cultural tourism. The results of the CPI analysis show that cultural tourism in Baubau City: (1) Tourist destinations in the Wolio Palace area (a) Wolio Palace Mosque average value of CPI 629, (b) Tombs of the Kings of Buton with an average value of CPI 427, (c) Historical sites of the Wolio Kingdom average CPI value of 424, (2) Art tourism destinations (a) Buton traditional dances average CPI value of 737, (b) Buton regional songs average CPI value of 559. (3) Wolio cultural tourism destinations (a) Wolio traditional clothing culture average CPI value 607, (b) Haroa culture average CPI value of 579, (c) Pakande-kandea culture average CPI value of 580, (d) Gotong royong culture average CPI value of 767. Concern for cultural values related to the monumental value of the Wolio Sultanate is an important part of the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Preservation of Wolio culture as a method of designing preservation with the collaboration of local government, traditional leaders, and the private sector through cultural galleries, cultural promotion, and cultural festivals, so that the younger generation loves and preserves the culture of the Buton area which will contribute to employment and community income.
Flexor Tendon Injuries and Hand Tendinorrhaphy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Hospital de Especialidades Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente. Guadalajara, Jalisco, México., Cisneros Roberto Alejandro Ruiz Velasco , Lepe Rosales Andrés Alejandro ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Guadajalara, Jalisco, México, Bross Mejía Michelle ,   Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara. Guadajalara, Jalisco, México., Toledo García José Ignacio ,   Universidad de Guadalajara LAMAR, Campus Vallarta. Guadalajara Jalisco. México., Gutierrez Flores Hector ,   Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Baja California, México.
Published: October 2023

Flexor tendon injuries of the hand represent a challenging clinical entity with significant functional implications. This comprehensive article delves into the intricate realm of flexor tendon injuries, shedding light on the pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and treatment modalities, with a primary focus on the surgical technique of tendinorrhaphy. The article commences with an exploration of the anatomy and biomechanics of flexor tendons, elucidating the pivotal role they play in hand function. It subsequently outlines the diverse etiologies that lead to tendon injuries, encompassing traumatic, iatrogenic, and spontaneous causes, while emphasizing the importance of prompt and accurate diagnosis through clinical assessment, imaging, and functional testing. A detailed exposition of the principles and techniques of tendinorrhaphy follows, elucidating the surgical intricacies involved in repairing damaged flexor tendons. The article discusses suture materials, repair methods, and rehabilitation protocols, highlighting the importance of postoperative care and meticulous hand therapy in optimizing outcomes. Furthermore, this article critically reviews emerging trends and innovations in the field, including the use of tissue engineering, biomaterials, and minimally invasive approaches, all of which hold promise for enhancing the management of flexor tendon injuries. In conclusion, this article offers a comprehensive overview of flexor tendon injuries in the hand and underscores the pivotal role of tendinorrhaphy as a cornerstone in their treatment. With a holistic perspective on the subject, it provides clinicians and researchers with a valuable resource to navigate the intricacies of this challenging clinical scenario and fosters ongoing advancements in the field of hand surgery.
Executive-Legislative Relationship and National Development in Nigeria: Focus on the 8th National Assembly (2015-2019)
Authors:   Department of Political Science Enugu State University Of Science And Technology (Esut), Nnenna Nwokoroeze Chinonye
Published: October 2023

This study accessed the impact of executive-legislature relations on national development in Nigeria with special emphasis on the 8th National Assembly which ran its course from 2015 to 2019. The objective of the study is to determine the extent to which the relationship between the executive and the 8th National Assembly have impacted on national development in Nigeria within the period under review. This study anchored on structural-functional approach propounded by Gabriel Almond, ex-post facto research design, documentary method of data collection and qualitative descriptive method of data analysis. It discovered that the fragile relationship between the executive and the 8th National Assembly negatively impacted on national development in Nigeria, so it went further to recommend that the National Orientation Agency must take it as a paramount duty to conduct periodic seminars for our legislators and executives in order to tune their minds toward national development.
The History of Yoro Port from 1948 to 2022
Authors:   Université Marien Ngouabi,Republic of Congo,Brazzaville, SAH Zéphirin
Published: October 2023

Brazzaville, a former Teke village of M'foa like most African cities, is a colonial city founded in 1880 by Pierre Savorgnan De Brazza. From its creation to the independence of the Congo, the city inherited from the French colonial state ce rtain places of history and infrastructure, among which there is the river port of Yoro in Brazzaville. This place of contact and exchange I s a place of memory in the same way as the city that bears it. This study proposes to analyze the different stages of the history o f this port which is a former fishing village of Impila in the Teke country on the lands of King Makoko. It is the result of our field investigations, documentary research and in the archives.
Review on Poultry Production System, Trends and Development Strategies in Ethiopia
Authors:   Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Mechara Agricultural Research Center, Mechara, Ethiopia, Urgesa Lensa
Published: October 2023

Ethiopia has considerable livestock resource and poultry population is second ranked preceded by cattle. Besides their important and numbers, little is known about their production systems, population growth, egg utilization trends and development strategies in Ethiopia. The Ethiopian poultry population is almost entirely composed of indigenous chicken and recent estimates showed that poultry 81.7%, 10.9%, and 7.4% are indigenous, hybrids and exotic, respectively. The distribution of poultry population in Ethiopia is diverging from region to region. Oromia region has the largest number of poultry population followed by Amhara, South Nation and Nationality People of Ethiopia (SNNP). Poultry production system in Ethiopia is indigenous and an integral part of farming system. Based on the objective, breed, flock size, housing, feeding, health, biosecurity level and technology used, the poultry production system in Ethiopia can be classified into extensive or scavenging, semi-intensive, small-scale intensive and large scale commercial poultry production system. The extensive scavenging and small-extensive scavenging systems are the dominant forms of poultry production in Ethiopia. The poultry population growth over the year almost stagnant because of high poultry mortality due to lack of adaptation of introduced exotic poultry, diseases, predators prevalent in the scavenging production systems and limited expansion of commercial poultry production both in terms of number of operators and volume of operation. The poultry sector did not have a clear roadmap guiding its development until the recent production of the LMP. The future study should be attention on to expansion of large-scale commercial poultry production system, constraints of poultry population growth, adaption of introduced exotic poultry breeds and the reason for eggs sale and household consumption fluctuated.
Examining the Average Citation Index of Education in Rural Australia (Now the Australian and International Journal of Rural Education)
Authors: Drummond Aaron , Halsey R. John
Published: October 2023

The journal Education in Rural Australia (now the Australian and International Journal of Rural Education) has been in existence since 1991. During the Excellence in Research Australia (ERA) period, the journal maintained a B ranking, indicating that it was a quality journal within a specialised field. With the abolishment of the ERA journal rankings, it is important to find other methods to measure the journal's quality. We used Google Scholar to determine the number of citations each paper in the journal received. Using these citations, we calculated an average citation index across four two-year periods to determine an index of journal use, which can be compared to conventional measures, such as Thomson-Reuters' Impact Factortm. Specifically, the number of citations the journal received in indexed peer-reviewed journals in a given year to articles it published in the two years prior was divided by the total number of articles published in the two years prior the year for the index calculation. Using this formula, we determined the average citation index of Education in Rural Australia to be 0.65 in 2011. This result indicates that Education in Rural Australia's mean citations have increased considerably in the last years, up from average citation indices of 0.09 in 2010 and 0.4 in 2009. The journal's growing average citation index is a reflection of the journal's improving quality, and the average citation index may be used to improve the journal's marketing and (with continued calculation) track the success of editorial policy changes and attempted market expansions (e.g., the growing international focus of the journal). The journal's current citation practices are examined, and methods for increasing the average citation indices are discussed. It is suggested that an online-first publication option be adopted by the journal in order to increase the speed of dissemination (and hence citation), and the breadth of the journal's readership.
Success and Sustainability in Rural P-12 Schools Defining a Successful School - Queensland Style
Authors: O'Neill Brian
Published: October 2023

What makes a successful rural P-12 school? This paper will review the notions of a successful school and will challenge the dominant voice of quantitative data as the yardstick for such success. In doing so, this paper will focus on qualitative measures including those aspects which are ignored by the quantitative data. Reference will be made to the Calen District State College and the Glenden State School (a P-12 school in a mining community) and the projects which these schools offer their students to provide them with a competitive edge in the job market. Phenomenographic research will be conducted to ascertain students’ conceptions regarding the success of these schools and their projects.
Will Learning Social Inclusion Assist Rural Networks?
Authors: Marchant Jill
Published: October 2023

Current research on social networks in some rural communities reports continuing demise despite efforts to build resilient communities. Several factors are identified as contributing to social decline including globalisation and rural social characteristics. Particular rural social characteristics, such as strong social bonds among members of rural communities may not extend to those deemed as “outsiders”: thus restricting the information and skills afforded by extended social networks. It is predicted that rural communities may fail unless they are able to renew existing social structures to more socially inclusion arrangements. It is proposed that better social inclusion of individuals will supply novel solutions to innovate rural communities.

Globalisation intensifies the demands on social networks, leading to the rearrangement of social institutions in rural communities. Rapid rearrangement of rural institutions impacts the wellbeing of rural people and threatens rural futures. The viability goals of rural communities are proposed to be linked to social concepts, such as liveability and sustainability. It is anticipated that viability challenges may be partly met through social strategies, such as social inclusion, which expand the social networks of rural communities.

Australian government initiatives such as the National Social Inclusion Principles are intended to curb growing inequity between people and regions. Contemporary social inclusion initiatives focussed on social participation are discussed. Somewhat in contrast to a social participation focus, education is forwarded as reliably associated with a range of positive social outcomes. Literacy education is argued to be the basis of positive outcomes in both self-realisation and social achievement. Suggestions are made for the role of further research involving contributions from adult rural literacy students. It is anticipated that this outlook will allow an examination of social strategies, which benefit individuals and community networks.
Attractiveness of Regional Towns
Authors: Drummond Aaron , Palmer Matthew A. , Halsey R. John
Published: October 2023

We examined whether the presence of higher education facilities made regional towns more attractive as potential residences. Metropolitan undergraduate students reported that they were more willing to live in a regional town with (vs. without) a university. Importantly, this applied regardless of whether they intended to work or study at the university. Perceived quality of life - defined as a combination of resident sociability and happiness, and the estimated amount of activities within the town - mediated the effect of university presence on residency likelihood ratings, suggesting that the presence of a university prompted participants to infer a higher quality of life for town residents. These results have implications for policy to counteract out-migration from regional areas, which threatens food security.
The Challenges and Opportunities Experienced by Parent Supervisors in Primary School Distance Education
Authors: Downes Natalie
Published: October 2023

For a number of very remote students in Australia, distance education is regarded as the most effective means of providing access to primary school education. For these students isolation is experienced not only in relation to distance from a physical school, but also from a professionally trained educator and the instructional benefits this provides. In bridging the gap between the teacher and student the parent supervisor is vital. However little is known about their role and the challenges and opportunities it affords them in educating their children by this means. This paper reports on a research project that examined the role of parent supervisors in primary school distance education with the aim of understanding how they experience their role. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with volunteer parent supervisors of New South Wales primary school distance education students to gain insight into their practices and the opportunities and challenges they face in their role. Interview transcripts were analysed using a three step data coding framework to explore the themes that emerged in their experiences. This revealed that while most parent supervisors do not have formal qualifications in education, they undertake many tasks akin to those of a teacher and experience similar challenges to new teachers. In particular, supervisors have a crucial role in implementing lessons, motivating and engaging their children in learning, preparing for the lessons, assisting with problems their children encounter and monitoring their children’s progress. One of the main challenges parent supervisors experience is uncertainty, with many doubting their effectiveness in relation to technicalities in key learning areas and managing multi-age groupings. Parent supervisors report that the challenges are outweighed by the opportunities their role provides, particularly their close involvement with their children’s learning and the sense of reward they gain from this. Through this research a deeper understanding of the challenges and opportunities parent supervisors encounter will enable planning for their role to be improved. It contributes to the broader understanding of rural education by bringing the experiences of an often overlooked cohort of educators into the research literature who are essential to education in rural Australia.
Professional Distance-Mentoring of Beginning Design and Technology Home Economics Teachers
Authors: Cooper M.G. , Williams J. , Awidi Isaiah
Published: October 2023

This paper reports a research project that was conducted in 2009 and 2010 to support new teachers in the areas of Design and Technology and Home Economics. As a result of a retraining program, teachers in these areas were posted to remote schools, and the concern was that the combined difficulties of a new teaching area and a remote location would result in a high attrition rate. A mentoring program was established by linking experienced teachers with these new teachers and facilitating organized communication between them. The nature and frequency of the communication was monitored, resulting in conclusions that the program was beneficial for both the experienced teachers as mentors and the new teachers as mentees.
Highly prized by the mentees were the quality resources they received electronically from their mentors, and this was especially the case for those in the more remote locations. The mentors expressed appreciation at being able to give something back to the profession in terms of supporting these new graduates, and some mentors believed that the process assisted them with their own teaching by providing them with the opportunity to reflect on the problems faced by the mentee.
There were critical times of need for the mentees each school term with weeks one, six, and seven being the weeks that the most contacts were made over the course of the six school-terms of the project. The major topics that were discussed most frequently over the course of the six school-terms of the project were, in order, teaching ideas and strategies, accessing good resources, classroom routines or procedures, assistance with academic content, and behaviour management issues.
Overall, the evaluation of the early support program demonstrated that professional distance-mentoring is an effective way of encouraging and assisting new teachers placed in remote schools, and there is strong evidence that such a program can assist to build teacher confidence and self-efficacy.
Examining the Satisfaction Levels of Continual Professional Development Provided by a Rural Accounting Professional Body
Authors: Halabi Abdel K.
Published: October 2023

The Society for the Provision of Education in Rural Australia (SPERA) recognises education as a lifelong process, and there is a need for continuing education and training to be available to rural communities. This paper examines the satisfaction levels of accounting continual professional development (CPD) when provided by a rural accounting professional body. Prior research has noted that rural accountants are disadvantaged when completing CPD because professional accounting bodies are city centric, and cost is prohibitive. Results of this study show that when CPD is locally provided this led to high levels of satisfaction. Implications for professional accounting bodies and rural accountants are discussed, as well as limitations and areas for further research.
Authentic and Engaging Virtual Practice Teaching for Rural and Remote Pre-Service Teachers
Authors: Gregory Sue
Published: October 2023

Imagine being able practise your teaching techniques when enrolled in a teaching degree without the use of a ‘live’ classroom. It is a common phenomenon for off-campus (online) pre-service teachers living in rural and remote regions to not have access of schools to practise their teaching skills. Discussed in this article is a solution to this ever-increasing problem of finding a classroom of students where pre-service teachers can engage in their teaching to practise ideas and techniques in an authentic teaching environment. They practise from their own home, through a virtual school created in Second Life, complete with teacher and student avatars and role-play scenarios.
Rural Leadership Preparation Associated with Higher Job Satisfaction
Authors: Drummond Aaron , Halsey R. John
Published: October 2023

The retention rates of principals in rural areas are lower than in urban contexts, and the preparation of such leaders is often lacking (Clarke, Stevans, & Wildy, 2006; Gates, Ringel, Santibañez, Guarino, Ghosh-Dastidar & Brown, 2006). Rural school leaders who do not receive early preparation may be less able to perform in their jobs and hence experience poorer job satisfaction. Herein we investigate whether rural school leaders who received preparation prior to their appointment experience higher levels of job satisfaction in their roles than those who received no such preparation. Across 658 rural school leaders, we find a small increase in job satisfaction for rural principals who received formal preparation prior to the commencement of their leadership position than those who did not, even after controlling for demographic and school factors. The increased satisfaction for prepared principals remained statistically significant even after we statistically controlled for the number of years they had been an educational leader. Formal preparation of rural principals may result in long lasting small increases in job satisfaction, and may play a role in larger strategies to increase rural school leaders’ job satisfaction.
Study on the physiochemical and microbial content of drinking water in and around Al-Nasiriyah province
Authors: Safa Fadhil  , Amani Jasim  , Amal Kamel
Published: October 2023

Objective: To identify microbial contents of water by physical and chemical analysesin different regions in a Middle East country.Methods: The prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in and around Al-Nassirya province ofIraq from March to July 2021, and comprised drinking water samples taken from water stations in citycentre as well as Al-Dawaya, Al-Shatrah and Al-Nasr districts in the outskirts. Analysis included estimationof turbidity, temperatures, potential of hydrogen, total hardness, and estimation of chlorine, calcium andsodium measured in The-Qar university laboratories, Data was analysed using SPSS version 17. T-test wasused to compare the mean values. A p-value of Less than or Equal to 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Of the 10 water samples 1(10%) was collected from the city centre, 4(40%) from Al-Dawaya district,2(20%) from Shatra district and 3(30%) from Al-Nasr district. Significant differences were found in thesamples collected from city centre compared to those from the countryside (p<0.29). Turbidity was less(1.7) in samples from the city centre compared to the three countryside water stations. High levels ofchlorine (26), concentration of calcium (199) and sodium (479) were moderately high in samples fromAl-Nasiriya city. Microbial growth was detected in samples from Al-Nasr and Al-Dawaya districts whereEscherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and cryptosporidiumparrum were detected in some water stations.Conclusion: Countryside water stations showed changes in standard physiochemical normal values andcontamination of drinking water with microorganisms.Keywords: Chlorine, Cryptosporidium parvum, Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptosporidiosis,Cryptosporidium, Escherichia coli, Sodium.
The role of Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-ALPHA) serum level and genetic polymorphisms with cutaneous leishmania infections
Authors: Eman Salman Khamaes  , Ali Hafedh Abbas  , Nagham Yaseenm Al-Bayati
Published: October 2023

Objective: To assess the role of tumour necrosis factor alpha level and genotyping in susceptibility to leishmaniasis.Method: The case-control study was conducted from March to July 2021 at Baqubah Teaching Hospital, Diyala, Iraq,and comprised patients of cutaneous leishmaniasis in group A and healthy controls in group B. The serum level andsingle nucleotide polymorphisms of tumour necrosis factor-alpha rs41297589 and rs1800629 were compared betweenthe groups. Data was analysed using SPSS 28.Results: Of the 150 subjects, there were 75(50%) in group A; 39(52%) males and 36(48%) females with mean age23.91±13.14 years. The remaining 75(50%) subjects were in group B; 38(50.7%) males and 37(49.3%) females withmean age 22.84±4.35 years. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha level in group A was 55.81±39.64 compared to 7.51±3.61in group B (p<0.05). Single nucleotide polymorphism rs41297589 showed that TT genotype and T allele weresignificantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05), while rs1800629 showed that GA genotype and Aallele were significantly increased in group A compared to group B (p<0.05). The serum level of tumour necrosis factoralphain group A was increased in TT genotype compared to other genotypes at rs41297589, and in GA genotypecompared to other genotypes at rs1800629 (p<0.05).Conclusions: There was a significant association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha serum level and geneticpolymorphisms rs41297589 and rs1800629 among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.Keywords: Polymorphism, Nucleotide, Alleles, Psychodidae, Leishmania, Parasites, Cutaneous, Nucleotides.
Workplace stress among healthcare workers in Kut city, Iraq, 2020
Authors: Fatima Haran Deham  , Alaa Kadhim Jasim  , Khalied Yassen Zakair
Published: October 2023

Objective: To identify workplace stress in healthcare workers.Method: The cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted at Al-Kut and Al-Karamah hospitals in Kut,Iraq, from October 2019 to March 2020, and comprised health professionals regardless of age and gender.Data was collected through a pilot-tested questionnaire which was validated by a panel of experts. Datawas analysed using SPSS 25.Results: Of the 266 subjects, 133(50%) were from each of the two hospitals. Overall, there were 156(58.6%)females and 110(41.4%) males. There were 195(73.3%) subjects aged <30 years, 40(15%) aged 31-40 yearsand 31(11.7%) aged >40 years (p=0.625). There were 19(7.1%) physicians 72(27.1%) nurses, 88(33.1%)technicians and 87(32.7%) other healthcare workers. Stress was found in 20(7.5%) subjects; 13(65%) inAl-Karamah Hospital and 7(35%) in Al-Kut Hospital (p=0.245).Conclusion: The prevalence of stress was low among the health workers studied.Keywords: Stress, Ergonomics, Healthcare, Workers, Workplace.
Study on prevalence of cigarette smoking among a sample of students of technical institute of Babylon
Authors: Israa Dawood Salim
Published: October 2023

Objective: To determine the prevalence of smoking among students, and to identify the reasons for smoking.Method: The cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted from April 1 to May 9, 2019, at theTechnical Institute, Al-Furat University, Babylon, Iraq, and comprised students of either gender who were selectedrandomly. Data was collected through structured interviews using a questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.Results: Of the 147 subjects, 115(78.2%) were males and 32(21.8%) females. The largest age group was 19-28 years125(85%), and 115(78.2%) hailed from rural areas. There were 78(53%) smokers; 73(63.5%) from among males and5(15.6%) from among females. The most cited reason for smoking was feeling of enjoyment 40%. Smoking wassignificantly associated with age, gender as well as level and type of education (p<0.05). The association of friendsand family with the smoking habit was significant (p<0.05). Among the smokers, 72(92.3%) were aware of the harmfuleffects of the habit (p<0.05).Conclusion: Cigarette smoking was found to be widespread among the students.Keywords: Smoking, Family, Tobacco, Habits, Masculinity, Students, Smokers.
Molecular detection of virulence genes in pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different clinical infections
Authors: Enass Abdul Kadhum Almkhadhree  , Kawther Adnan Alqaseer  , Khairi Jameel AL Ruaby
Published: October 2023

Objective: To isolate pseudomonas aeruginosa from different clinical specimens, and to detect virulence factors.Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted at Al-Zharr Hospital and private clinics in Kut city of Wasit provincein Iraq from October 15, 2021, to April 30, 2022, and comprised samples obtained from different patient sites, such aswound swabs, ear swabs, urine samples, burn swabs and respiratory tract swabs. The samples were subjected tomolecular testing using, among other tools, polymerase chain reaction. The isolates were cultured on different media,such as blood agar, MacConkey agar and cetrimide agar, and were further diagnosed by biochemical testing. Datawas analysed using SPSS 20.Results:Of the 212 samples, there were 70(33%) wound swabs, 53(25%) ear swabs, 41(19.3%) urine samples, 33(15.6%)burn swabs and 15(7%) respiratory tract swabs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified in 54(25.47%) isolates viaculture-based characterisation. All 54(100%) isolates were positive for mexR and toxA on polymerase chain reaction,44(81.48%) were positive for exoU gene, 43(79.62%) for exoT gene, 36 (66.66) for exoT gen, 35(64.81%) for plcH, geneand 14(25.92 %) for exoS gene.Conclusions: Wound swabs were found to be the most common site for pseudomonas aeruginosa, followed by earswabs and urine samples.Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Virulence, Agar, Cetrimonium, Virulence, Burns, Polymerase chain reaction, DNA.