bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIAGNOSIS CEPAT VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA TIPE A SUBTIPE H5 DARI SPESIMEN LAPANGAN DENGAN METODE ONESTEP SIMPLEX RT-PCR
Authors: Haryanto Aris , Andinita Duhita , Irianingsih Sri Handayani , Yudianingtyas Dini Wahyu
Published: October 2023

Virus avian influenza (AI) merupakan virus dengan materi genetik RNA single-stranded sense negatif, beramplop yang termasuk dalam famili Orthomyxoviridae. Onestep simplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) merupakan salah satu metode diagnosis yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendeteksi virus AI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menerapkan metode diagnosis cepat virus AI pada spesimen lapangan secara langsung dari pasar unggas berdasarkan amplifikasi RT-PCR gen M dan H5 dengan metode yang berbasis onestep simplex RT-PCR tanpa melalui proses inokulasi dan propagasi virus AI dalam telur ayam berembrio (TAB). Sebanyak 35 sampel spesimen lapangan dari swab trakea unggas yang berasal dari pasar unggas di Terban, Kotamadya Yogyakarta digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Amplifikasi DNA secara onestep simplex RT-PCR pada gen matriks (M) dilakukan terhadap seluruh sampel. Pada sampel-sampel yang menunjukkan hasil positif pada amplifikasi gen M kemudian dilakukan amplifikasi RT-PCR secara lebih lanjut untuk gen H5 virus AI. Produk hasil amplifikasi RT-PCR gen M dan H5 divisualisasikan menggunakan elektroforesis gel agarose konsentrasi 1% dengan pewarnaan SYBR® Safe DNA Gel Staining. Hasil amplifikasi RT-PCR gen M menunjukkan bahwa dari 35 sampel diperoleh 8 sampel positif terinfeksi virus AI tipe A yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya fragmen DNA sebesar 200 bp, sedangkan hasil amplifikasi gen H5 sebanyak 5 dari 8 sampel-sampel tersebut merupakan virus AI tipe A subtipe H5 yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya fragmen DNA sebesar 545 bp. Diagnosis cepat virus AI tipe A subtipe H5 secara langsung dari spesimen lapangan di pasar unggas dapat dilakukan dengan metode onestep simplex RT-PCR, namun metode diagnosis tersebut tidak dapat mendeteksi keberadaan virus AI dalam sampel yang virusnya terlalu sedikit.
PENEGUHAN DIAGNOSIS PENYAKIT NEWCASTLE DISEASE LAPANG PADA AYAM BURAS DI BALI MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK RT-PCR
Authors: Kencana Gusti Ayu Yuniati , Kardena I Made , Kade Mahardika I Gusti Ngurah
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendiagnosis kasus newcastle disease (ND) lapangan pada ayam bukan ras yang bersifat akut melalui hasil pemeriksaan di Laboratorium Patologi dan Laboratorium Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana tahun 2008-2009. Sebanyak sepuluh ekor sampel ayam buras telah diperiksa. Gejala klinis yang teramati meliputi: anoreksia, lesu, bersin, batuk, dan diare putih kehijauan dengan diagnosis sementara sebagai penyakit ND yang bersifat akut. Sampel diambil dari organ yang mengalami perubahan patognomonis seperti pada proventrikulus, ventrikulus, seka tonsil, paru-paru dan otak. Perbanyakan virus menggunakan telur ayam bertunas (TAB) umur 10 hari melalui ruang alantois dan diinkubasikan pada inkubator telur suhu 37° C selama 3 hari. Koleksi cairan alantois dilakukan pada hari ke-3, selanjutnya diidentifikasi dengan uji serologi hemaglutinasi (Haemaglutination-Inhibition Test/HA/HI) dengan teknik mikrotiter baku dan dikonfirmasi dengan uji reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) menggunakan primer FNDIFP (5’-CCCCGTTGGAGGCATAC-3’) dan FNDIBP (5’-TGTTGGCAGCATTTTGATTG-3’). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel kasus ayam bukan ras yang diperiksa positif terinfeksi oleh virus penyakit ND akut. Kajian ini mengindikasikan bahwa penyakit ND di Bali masih bersifat endemis.
PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK VESIKULA SEMINALIS MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA TETAPI TIDAK MEMENGARUHI KONSENTRASI SPERMATOZOA DAN TESTOSTERON TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Nizwan Siregar Tongku , Akmal Muslim , Wahyuni Sri , Tarigan Hermawaty , M Mulyadi , Nasution Idawati
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak vesikula seminalis terhadap kualitas spermatozoa dan konsentrasi

testosteron tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 20 ekor tikus putih jantan dewasa, galur Wistar, berumur 3 -4 bulan,

berat badan 250-300 g dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (K1, K2, K3, dan K4), masing-masing kelompok berturut-turut diberikan 0,2 ml NaCl

fisiologis, 25 μg cloprostenol, 0,2 ml ekstrak vesikula seminalis (EVS), dan 0,4 ml EVS secara intraperitoneal. Pada akhir perlakuan, seluruh

tikus dikorbankan secara dislocatio cervicalis. Selanjutnya, kauda duktus epididimis dinekropsi untuk dikoleksi spermatozoanya. Pemeriksaan

kualitas spermatozoa, meliputi motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa. Pemeriksaan konsentrasi testosteron serum darah dilakukan menggunakan

teknik enzymelinked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). Motilitas dan konsentrasi (x10

6

) spermatozoa pada kelompok K1; K2; K3; dan K4 masingmasing adalah 3,00±0,00; 3,20±0,28; 2,00±0,86; dan 3,20±0,28 dan 146,60±71,90; 187,80±60,80; 124,20±64,70; dan 129,40±27,07. Konsentrasi

testosteron pada kelompok K1; K2; K3; dan K4 masing-masing adalah 5,53+1,75; 4,68+4,56; 2,51+1,33; dan 2,40+1,60 ng/ml. Hasil penelitian

menunjukkan bahwa pemberian EVS mampu meningkatkan motilitas spermatozoa tetapi tidak memengaruhi konsentrasi spermatozoa dan

testosteron serum darah tikus putih.
SEBARAN GLYCOCONJUGATE PADA SEL EPITEL OVIDUK KANCIL (Tragulus javanicus)
Authors: H Hamny , Agungpriyono Srihadi , Djuwita Ita , Wahyuni Sri , Esthi Prasetyaningtyas Wahono , Nasution Idawati , Novelina Savitri
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi glycoconjugate yang terekspresi pada sel epitelium oviduk kancil (Tragulus javanicus). Dalam

penelitian ini digunakan satu oviduk kancil yang berasal dari satu ekor kancil b etina dewasa berumur lebih dari satu tahun. Sampel difiksasi

dengan larutan Bouin dan diproses menurut standar histologi sampai menjadi blok parafin dan dipotong dengan ketebalan 5 µm. Jenis lektin yang

digunakan adalah biotinylated (Con A, PNA, RCA, UEA I, dan WGA) dengan dosis masing-masing sebanyak 15 µg/ml. Hasil penelitian

diketahui bahwa glycoconjugate dengan residu gula galaktosa, glukosa, manosa, N-asetilgalaktosamin, N-asetilglukosamin, fukosa, dan asam

sialat ditemukan pada bagian apikal sel epitel dan di dalam sitoplasma. Glycoconjugate dengan residu gula N-asetilgalaktosamin merupakan

glycoconjugate yang paling banyak ditemukan di bagian apikal sel epitel dan di dalam sitoplasma dibandingkan dengan glycoconjugate dengan

residu gula lainnya.
POTENSI SUSPENSI DAN EKSTRAK DAUN KATUK SEBAGAI ANTELMINTIK TERHADAP NEMATODA GASTROINTESTINAL PADA TERNAK KAMBING
Authors: R Razali , A Azhari , Novita Andi , Reza Ferasyi Teuku , R Ridwan , Munandar Ari
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi ekstrak air dan ekstrak etanol daun katuk (Sauropus androgynus) sebagai antelmintik dalam

mengurangi jumlah nematoda gastrointestinal pada ternak kambing. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 15 ekor kambing kacang jantan lokal

berumur 1 tahun dengan bobot badan awal 12,6±1,15 kg. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan

3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Ketiga perlakuan tersebut adalah P0 (kontrol) hanya diberi akuades; P1, diberikan ekstrak air daun katuk sebanyak

7,44 g/hari; dan P2, diberikan ekstrak etanol daun katuk sejumlah 1,89 g/hari. Perlakuan diberikan per oral sebanyak 2 kali sehari selama 40 hari.

Makanan kambing berupa hijauan diberikan 2 kali sehari, sedangkan air minum diberikan ad libitum. Data berat badan dan jumlah nematoda

dalam feses dihitung pada hari ke-0, 10, 20, 30, dan 40 pascaperlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak air dan ekstrak

etanol daun katuk menurunkan jumlah telur nematoda gastrointestinal pada kambing secara signifikan (P
KAJIAN KADAR KORTISOL SAPI YANG DIPOTONG DI RUMAH POTONG HEWAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: S Sarmin , Hana Amelia , Heru Fibrianto Yuda , Mona Airin C.
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji tingkat stres sapi yang dipotong di Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Yogyakarta. Dalam penelitian ini

digunakan 20 ekor sapi yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yakni kelompok sapi yang dilakukan restraint dengan restraining box tipe Mark 1

(K1, n=13) dan kelompok sapi yang dilakukan restraint dengan metode konvensional (K2, n= 7). Masing-masing kelompok diambil darahnya

sebelum dan saat dipotong untuk diperiksa kadar kortisol dengan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Rata-rata kortisol sapi betina

sebelum vs setelah restraint pada K1 dan K2 masing-masing adalah 55,64±52,13 vs 21,23±20,63 ng/ml dan 127,48±150,19 vs 106,28+75,39

ng/ml. Rata-rata kortisol sapi jantan sebelum vs setelah restraint pada K1 dan K2 masing-masing adalah 40,28±38,12 vs 24,21±17,21 ng/ml dan

49,51±38,67 vs 69,62±63,98 ng/ml. Rata-rata kadar kortisol tanpa memperhatikan jenis kelamin pada K1 dan K2 masing-masing adalah

79,50±88,50 vs 95,80±69,69 ng/ml (P>0,05). Disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar kortisol sebagai indikator stres pada sapi-sapi

yang dipotong di RPH Yogyakarta yang mengalami restraint dengan restraining box tipe Mark 1 dan restraint metode konvensional.
ANALISIS KEMIRIPAN GENETIKA ANTARA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETTAWA HASIL KAWIN ALAM DENGAN INSEMINASI BUATAN BERDASARKAN RAPD
Authors: M Mudawamah , Retnaningtyas I.D. , Wadjdi M.F. , B Badriyah , Susilowati S. , A Aulanni’am , Ciptadi Gatot
Published: October 2023

Analisis genetika menggunakan random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) untuk mengetahui kemiripan genetika antara kambing

peranakan Ettawa (PE) hasil inseminasi buatan (IB) dan kawin alam (KA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 primer OPA hanya 10

primer yang bisa digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi fragmen deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) dalam kelompok kambing PE, yang terdiri atas 21

kambing hasil KA dan 19 kambing hasil IB. Berdasarkan profil DNA yang diperoleh dan hasil analisis dengan software numerical taxonomy and

multivariate analysis system (NTSYS) disimpulkan bahwa hubungan genetika antara kambing PE hasil kawin alam dengan inseminasi buatan

adalah sebesar 48% dan dikategorikan rendah.
IDENTIFIKASI TOKSOPLASMOSIS PADA FESES KUCING SECARA MIKROSKOPIS DAN SEROLOGIS
Authors: Nurcahyo Wisnu , Prastowo Joko , P Priyowidodo
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat prevalensi Toxoplasma pada kucing dan menyusun basis epidemiologis pada kucing yang sangat

penting dalam peranannya sebagai hospes definitif toksoplasmosis. Sampel serum darah dan feses kucing digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode

pemeriksaan menggunakan card agglutination Toxoplasma test (CATT) Pastorex™ Toxo kit dan metode sentrifus. Data yang dip eroleh

dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat prevalensi Toxoplasma dengan pemeriksaan serum darah kucing sebesar

6,8% dan pemeriksaan feses sebesar 9,4%. Infeksi toksoplasmosis yang terjadi pada kucing secara umum dari pemeriksaan klinis tidak

mempunyai gejala yang spesifik.
DIFERENSIAL LEUKOSIT DAN KETAHANAN HIDUP PADA UJI TANTANG Aeromonas hydrophila IKAN NILA YANG DIBERI STRES PANAS DAN SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG DAUN JALOH DALAM PAKAN
Authors: S Sugito , N Nurliana , Aliza Dwinna , S Samadi
Published: October 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek suplementasi tepung daun jaloh (Salix tetrasperma Roxb) (TDJ) dalam pakan terhadap nilai

diferensial leukosit dan ketahanan hidup setelah uji tantang dengan Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang dipelihara

pada akuarium diberi peningkatan suhu lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial 2x4. Faktor pertama adalah

penambahan jumlah tepung daun jaloh dalam pakan yaitu: 0% (P1), 5% (P2), 10% (P3), dan 15% (P4) dari berat pakan dan faktor kedua adalah

suhu air dalam akuarium yaitu 29±1 C (S1) dan 35±1 C (S2), sehingga didapat 8 kombinasi perlakuan yaitu: P1S1, P2S1, P3S1, P4S1, P1S2,

P2S2, P3S2, dan P4S2 dengan ulangan 10 ekor ikan per perlakuan. Sebanyak 80 ekor ikan nila dengan bobot badan 40-50 g secara acak dibagi ke

dalam 8 perlakuan. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 30 hari. Pada hari ke 31 dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah dan uji tantang. Hasil penelitian ini

menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi pakan dengan TDJ pada konsentrasi 5-15% tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai diferensial leukosit ikan nila yang

dipelihara pada suhu lingkungan yang berbeda. Suplementasi TDJ dalam pakan sebanyak 5-10% dapat mengurangi kematian ikan akibat infeksi

Aeromonas hydrophila terutama pada suhu 35±1 C. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ikan nila yang dipelihara pada akuarium

dengan suhu air 35±1 C dan diberi pakan yang disuplementasi TDJ 5-10% dapat meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh ikan nila.
4. Study of Knowledge, Attitude and Action of Buffalo Ranchers in the VillagesAround Nagan Raya Power Plant on the Impact of Fly Ash Exposure
Authors: Susanti Ira , Rinidar Rinidar , Sugito Sugito
Published: October 2023

One of the biggest contributors to air pollution is the production of coal fly-ash from the power plant industry. Fly-ash has an immediate impact on human and animal health around the power plant. Many buffaloes are maintained by Nagan Raya people and are often consumed by the community. The buffalo ranchers in this area release their livestock around the 110 MW Steam Power Plant that using low-rank coal. This ranchers’s behavior raises concerns about buffalo health due to exposure to fly ash. This study aims to examine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and action of buffalo ranchers to the impact of fly ash exposure on the buffalo they maintain. This research used a cross-sectional design. The research time was done in February 2018 by taking 30 samples as respondents in four villages around Nagan Raya Power Plant. The tools used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and actions were using questionnaires. Data were analyzed statistically with the Chi-Square Test through SPSS for Windows version 17.0. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between the knowledge of buffalo ranchers and the impact of fly-ash exposure (P 0.05) while the attitude and actions of buffalo ranchers had a significant relationship with the impact of fly-ash exposure (P 0.05, P 0 , 05). These results conclude that the buffalo ranchers in the villages around the plant have not understood the impact of fly-ash arising from coal in the Nagan Raya power plant. It is expected that the relevant parties to conduct counseling about the impact of fly-ash exposure and the way of good buffalo management.
6. In Vitro Insecticidal Activities of Ethanol Extract of Neem Leaves Against Heterodoxus Spiniger Lice In Dogs
Authors: Merdana I Made , Lewinsky Monica , Apsari Ida Ayu Pasti
Published: October 2023

Heterodoxus spiniger is a chewing lice that have been reported to infest dogs and cats. This ectoparasite is haematophagous and as an intermediate host in transmission of cysticercoids and egg of nematode worms. This study aims to determine the in vitro insecticidal activity of ethanol extract of neem leaf (Azadirachta indica) against H. spiniger. A total of 250 H. spiniger were divided into five groups with five replications, namely: P0 as a negative control group given placebo, P1 as a positive control group given deltamethrin 0.5EC 0.05%, and groups P2, P3 and P4 were given ethanol extract of neem leaves with concentrations of 2.5%, 5% and 10%. In each test, 10 lice samples were put into a petridish with a cotton swab that had been sprayed with the solution of each treatment, then the lice were treated again with fine spray evenly. The results showed that the in vitro ethanol extract of neem leaves had a very significant effect (P0.01) on the mortality of H. spiniger. The best results are shown at 5% concentration which is capable of killing 100% of lice in 30 minutes. It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of neem leaf has insecticidal activity against H. spiniger.
8. The Role of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus In Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex In Cattle Import Livestock At 2019 Periode
Authors: Susilo J , Siswanto J , Fadrial Karmil T. , Rusli Rusli , Nur Salim M. , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Riady Ginta , Dasrul Dasrul , Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi , Azhari Azhari , Novita Andi
Published: October 2023

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is one of the most important infectious diseases in cattle breeding. Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is a respiratory disease in mature and calf cattle which is a viral and bacterial superinfection including BVDV. The purpose of reseach is to study the role of BVDV in cases of Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), especially with the characteristic of lesions were granulomatous pneumonia. The material in this study was lung tissue that was fixed with 10% formaldehyde buffer of calf sampel collected in October and November 2019. The sample is processed in a pathology laboratory for hematoxyline eosin (HE) staining and followed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC). A total of 11 lung samples sent from imported beef cattle and dairy cattle with a diagnosis of pneumonia complex morphology continued with CPI testing with monoclonal antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus. Nine samples showed positive CPI results against BVDV and two other samples were negative. Bovine viral diarrhea virus is detected in all granulomatous pneumonia, so it has an important role in BRDC. Early detection, treatment and prevention of BRDC affected or followed by BVDV must be carried out programmatically.
10. Incidency And Fasciolosis Risk Factors In Cows In Pringsewu District, November 2019-January 2020
Authors: Valinata S , Susilo J , Pramono B , Fadrial Karmil T. , Hamzah Abdullah , A Gani Fadli , Jalaluddin M. , Harris Abdul
Published: October 2023

Fasciolosis is a parasitic disease caused by infection with Fasciola sp. Fasciolosis has a big impact due to death, reduction in life weight, loss of labor, forced cattle to be removed, decreased milk production and medical costs. Predisposing factors to fasciolosis include age, maintenance system, season and species. The purpose of this study is to determine the Incidency of Fasciola sp. in beef cattle and identify risk factors that influence in the Pringsewu District unit. Samples were obtained from four sub-districts in Pringsewu District, with a total sample of 120. Samples were tested in the parasitology laboratory Lampung Veterinary Institute by sedimentation method. The results of these tests found 36 positive samples of Fasciola sp. (30%). Results of data processing, the factor of a semi-intensive maintenance system has a risk of 3.82 times compared to an intensive maintenance system (OR = 10.16; P-value = 0.007; 95% CI = 1.63 - 8.94). The absence of a mass deworming program has a 1.38-fold risk compared to those with a mass deworming program (OR = 0.63; P-value = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.63 - 3.01). Female gender has a risk of 1.33 times compared to male sex (OR = 0.22; P-value = 0.00003; 95% CI = 0.40 - 4.45). Adults have a 1.57-fold risk compared to young age (OR = 0.95; P-value = 0.018; 95% CI = 0.63 - 3.90). The conclusion of this study is the Incidency  of fasciolosis in Pringsewu Regency is 30% with the highest Incidency  occurring in Adiluwih sub-district by 50%. The intensive maintenance system has significant results in cases of fasciolosis. Mass deworming programs, gender and age have no significant effect on the incidence of fasciolosis. The combination of an intensive maintenance system with the provision of an appropriate anti-helminthes is the best combination to deal with cases of fasciolosis in Pringsewu District.
3. Efficacy of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L) Cream sap Leucocytes in Inflammation Phase of Wound Healing
Authors: Risky Mita Nasuha , Lubis Triva Murtina , Salim M. Nur , Helmi Teuku Zahrial , Harris Abdul , Hennivanda Hennivanda , Masyitha Dian , Iskandar Cut Dahlia , Fitriani Fitriani , Hamzah Abdul , Karmil T. Fadrial
Published: October 2023

This study aims to determine the efficacy of giving jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) on the number of leukocytes in the inflammatory phase of wound healing in the mice’s skin. The method used is literature study research with qualitative techniques. The data used in this study comes from the result of studies that have been conducted and published in national or international online journals. References used are all research articles with data selection. The results of data analysis showed that the administration of jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) was effective in limiting or inhibiting the accumulation of leukocytes in the area of inflammation and could stimulate the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) in the inflammatory phase of wound healing of the mice’s skin. Based on these data it can be concluded that the efficacy of jatropha cream (Jatropha curcas L.) affects the number of leukocytes in the inflammatory phase of wound healing of mice's skin.
6. Erythrocyte Profile of Male Piglet Aged 31-Day Old (Sus scrofa domestica) in the Laboratory Animal Management Unit IPB University
Authors: Gunanti Gunanti , Ekastuti Damiana Rita , Rahmiati Dwi Utari , Falah Muhammad Fajrul , Erwin Erwin
Published: October 2023

Domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica) is well known as animal that used frequently as a research animal due to their similarity to human both in  terms of anatomy and physiology. Information regarding  standard value of domestic piglet’s hematology in Indonesia are still limited. The aim of this study was to obtain erythrocyte profiles of domestic piglets in Animal Laboratory and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University. The results of this study are expected to be used as an erythrocyte profiles reference of domestic piglets in Indonesia. Blood samples were collected from six male piglets in Animal Laboratory and Research Unit, Bogor Agricultural University through auricular vein, then the samples were put into a vaccuum tube containing anticoagulant (K3EDTA) for further test using hematology analyzer. The parameters used in this study consist of erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and erythrocyte indices. Data were analyzed descriptively in the form of mean ± standard deviation (minimum–maximum). The results of this study showed that the average of erythrocyte counts were 6,42 ± 1,03 millions/µL with 8,30 ± 1,51 g/dl hemoglobin concentration, hematocrite 29,80 ± 5,10%, MCV 46,47 ± 1,62 fL, MCH 12,83 ± 0, 65 pg, MCHC 27,75 ± 0,71 g/dL, and RDW 28,87 ± 3,86%.
Enhancing Waterflooding Performance Using a combined Data Driven and Physical Modeling Approach
Authors: Grijalva R. , Tellez C. , González C. , Parra J. , Eremiev F. , Florez F. , Frorup M. , Khataniar S. , Biniwale S. , Elfeel M. , García-Teijeiro X.
Published: October 2023

The waterflooding implementation in an Amazonian oil field has been a game-changer in the field development strategy, becoming the main production drive mechanism and investment focus. About 40% of the daily oil production comes from waterflooding projects. Hence, it is imperative to preserve integrated reservoir and field operation management through a customized pattern balancing methodology that accounts for a need to optimize the injection-extraction relationship minimizing early water breakthrough and avoiding operational issues.

This article presents a waterflooding pattern analysis tool that combines data-driven and physics-based Machine Learning models with a smart optimization workflow. This publication focuses on the theoretical foundation of the deployable prototype, which is based mainly on the application of an innovative physics data driven and ML model as well as its testing procedure. The tool has been tested in an area with nine deviated water injector wells and thirty-six deviated/horizontal producer wells, enabling quick analysis response based on different What-If and optimization scenarios. Users can assess the impact on production and waterflooding response by modifying operational parameters such as injection rates or liquid flow rates, or how to react if an oil-producing/water-injection well fails.

The engineering and operation teams use and share a tool that avoids personalized spreadsheets with off-dated information and non-auditable metrics behind the results. The data preparation capabilities of the new tool speed up the interaction of data-driven and physics models and make a more efficient data flow process integrated with Capacitance Resistance Model (CRM) (Yousef et al. 2005) analytic model. The teams experienced a step-change in productivity by reducing a complete iteration analysis from 23 to 5 hours. The optimization workflow generates possible injector-producer relationships for pattern analysis and short (weekly) and mid-term (90-day) forecasts. Users can test different scenarios, choose the optimum, and submit subsurface focused well-operating recommendations to field operations.
Purging Gas Plant Flare System Using Gas Turbine Generators Exhaust Emissions – A Novel Approach
Authors: Ali Mohamed G. , Besheer Ahmed H. , Hassanean M. H. M.
Published: October 2023

Within gas plant treatment operations; there are large amounts of gases used to sweep its flare piping network as purge gas to prevent air ingress and protect the system from back fire. The economic and environmental considerations to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) & save fuel are driving organizations to find alternative solutions to replace fuel gas purge using other safe & available sources.

Fundamentally, the main electrical power supply for a gas processing plant are Gas Turbine Generators (GTGs) which continuously produce large amounts of Carbon Dioxide (Co2) & Nitrogen (N2) emissions with flowing temperatures of approximately 400-500° C. Collecting these emissions in a waste heat recovery conduit & heating the hot oil medium (the main source of thermal energy to gas plant heat users) and/or Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG) (used as hydrate inhibitor) could be used as alternative solution for flare purging. This allows us to exploit this exhaust thermal energy efficiently as well as reducing the exhaust emissions temperature. The emissions will be then compressed from its normal atmospheric pressure to around 3.5 barg to meet the flare network purging requirements of positive pressure, helping to sweep the flare header preventing atmospheric air ingress. The analysis of emissions which was done by independent third party showed high percentage of Oxygen (O2) around 14%; which makes it unsafe to be used for flare purging purpose. Oxygen membrane put forward to overcome this challenge and remove this amount of Oxygen & purge flare network by almost pure Inert gases. This proposal being discussed here is to capture all quantities of the exhaust gas emissions to be the source of an inert gas utilized within flare systems, for purging purposes & saving environment as well as fuel gas flaring cost.
Reactive Transport Modelling for a More Rigorous Scaling Risk Evaluation and Mitigation in a Giant U.A.E Carbonate Field
Authors: Baraka-Lokmane S. , Wang X. , Bigno Y. , Decroux B. , Olsen J. , El Hassan M. , Younes D. , Singleton M. , Mackay E.
Published: October 2023

After years of peripheral water injection with no significant scaling issues, pattern water injection and water injection at the GOC (Inner Ring Water Injection, or IRWI) are planned to be implemented in various reservoirs of this giant field. In a few pilot pairs, seawater injection is already taking place at a smaller spacing than historically applied. This allows testing of the injection schemes and assessment of the effect of heterogeneities before deploying pattern water injection and IRWI in the longer term. In this context, the scaling risk at the producer has been evaluated.

The scaling risk assessment carried out with a thermodynamic prediction model has shown both SrSO4 and CaSO4 risks due to the mixing of formation water with injected seawater. This modelling fails to take account of geochemical reactions occurring in the reservoir; consequently, the scaling risk is usually overestimated. In this work, a reactive transport reservoir modelling tool has been used to investigate the impact of injection water composition on the scaling risk at the producer. In this model, the following are incorporated: aqueous component transport, partitioning of CO2 between aqueous and hydrocarbon phases, aqueous speciation reactions, mineral precipitation/dissolution reactions and heat transport. The simulations have considered full and reduced sulfate seawater injection with and without the presence of a thief zone. When full seawater is injected, the producer faces a risk of CaSO4 and no risk of SrSO4. This is the consequence of various coupled in situ mineral reactions, including dissolution and precipitation of carbonates and sulfates, which depend on propagation of temperature and CO2 desaturation fronts, as well as the other aqueous components. With the presence of a thief zone, SrSO4 presents a small scaling risk soon after seawater breakthrough; CaSO4 deposition has an initial peak soon after SrSO4 scaling. When reduced sulfate seawater is injected with and without the presence of the thief zone, there is no scaling risk for either SrSO4 or CaSO4. The results obtained by the reactive transport modelling tool match the general trends of scale deposition observed in the pattern injection well pair pilot to date. In this pilot a thief zone was identified in the vicinity of the injector and has contributed to accelerated water breakthrough at the producer. A peak in SrSO4 scale was observed in the early phase of water production, in agreement with the modelling results. A geochemical transport reservoir model was able to provide a full picture of seawater breakthrough at the production well, considering the impact of the thief zone. The required level of sulfate in the injected seawater, to prevent sulfate scales at the producer, has been determined. These results will help determine the scale mitigation strategy for the future development of this field.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Crude Oil Stabilizing Process Using Data-Driven Models
Authors: Al Rashid M.
Published: October 2023

Oil and Gas remain critical components of the world's energy supply mix and there is an increasing need for maximizing energy efficiency and minimizing the environmental impact associated with hydrocarbons (1). To address the trilemma of sustainability issues, including resources depletion, energy and oil diminution as well as ecosystem degradation, Abqaiq Plants, where over 5% of global oil production is processed, has developed a novel 3D interface with machine learning (ML) applications that drives a multi-objective optimization of crude oil stabilizing process to improve efficiency and GHG while maximizing economic and environmental sustainability (1). Machine Learning (ML) Model was developed and trained to understand optimal operating ranges of crude oil stabilization units and identify abnormalities and performance degradation. Bearing in mind the operation of world's largest array of stabilization columns, a tool was developed and embedded in a 3D platform to identify optimal feed distribution and energy usage in real-time. A second advanced data analytics tool was developed in-house for shell and tube (S&T) heat exchanger to predict leaks in real time to avoid product contamination and was embedded within the same platform. This 3D Visualization platform is used to display analysis outcome in a user-friendly display. Utilizing in-house expertise in designing tools to achieve objective in an accelerated manner as part of an agile process to support high performance and scalability.
Automated Well Log-Based Prediction of Formation Tops: Case Study of Norway Offshore Data
Authors: Shakirov A. B. , Lipko A. , Mezghani M.
Published: October 2023

A geological formation represents a combination of certain genetic types of rocks associated with the proximity of the sedimentation conditions occurring at certain stages of development of the main structural elements of the Earth's crust. In petroleum engineering, the knowledge on spatial distribution of formations is necessary for many applied tasks including construction of hydrocarbon field geological model, petrophysical modelling, basin and petroleum system modelling, calculation of hydrocarbon reserves, planning field development strategy, and many others [Ahmed, 2018; Garb, 1985].

There are different approaches in upstream industry (mainly in geophysics) to determine spatial distribution of formations and depth intervals of wells where the formations are altered. One of the main geophysical methods that enables reliable prediction of spatial distribution of the formation is seismic survey. The main benefit of the seismic survey is that it covers large areas and has solid geomechanical background to detect formation boundaries [Vail, 1987]. However, the ground seismic data has two advantages: (1) relatively low vertical resolution (~ ±20 m) and (2) requires well logging data to convert recorded signal (arrival time of sonic waves) to the depth values. During drilling of boreholes, the information on formation tops can be inferred from visual analysis of drill cuttings that are recovered from wells. Although that approach is cost-effective and has a good potential to be automated in real-time mode [Ismailova et al., 2022; Tolstaya et al., 2023], there are several disadvantages to be considered. The process of recovering drill cuttings from in situ conditions to the surface is complicated by many aspects, including well inclination, distribution of cuttings sizes, properties of drilling fluids, etc. [Zakerian et al., 2018]. Thus, this approach exhibits high uncertainties in absolute values of depth intervals. Moreover, in many cases the alteration of formations cannot be detected visually and requires laboratory support. To overcome the problems mentioned above, petroleum engineers conduct well logging. The main advantages of well logging are (1) high vertical resolution (~ ± 0.5 m) and (2) coverage of large depth intervals during investigations.
Robust, Economical, And Agile Well Construction Commissioning of Various Artificial Well Types in South of Oman
Authors: Mashrafi Salim Al , Naabi Omar AL , Azkawi Hafidh AL , Harrasi Said Al
Published: October 2023

Objectives/Scope

PDO is using novel artificial well types and Enhanced Oil recovery (EOR) technologies, i.e., long stroke, thermal, Polymer, etc. which call for managing the exotic materials, complex interfaces by adopting the advanced engineering and construction management techniques for timely commissioning/delivery of wells within stipulated budget.

HSE is imbedded and given, the following are the major value drivers.

The objective of this paper is to explain the methods and techniques that has been developed and implemented to realize the stipulated value drivers on complicated oil well types.

Methods, Procedures, Process

Below Methodology adopted to achieve the robust well delivery.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

Novel/Additive information

Novelty in Wells Standardization in engineering and materials packages with "fit for all" solutions with different type of artificial wells.

Innovative engineering approach used to optimize the well construction and commissioning efficient well delivery by developing the "VMB" and well delivery KPIs, using agile and KAIZEN methodology.

Developed a novel contacting strategy to integrate the well location construction with the drilling contractor to achieve the robustness in well commissioning led to cost and schedule benefits.
Intelligent Chemical Tracers Provide Zonal Flow Identification in a High Water Cut Well
Authors: Hatmi Safiya , Harthi Mahmood , Rashed Rasha
Published: October 2023

Monitoring zonal inflow production in horizontal wells with sucker rod pumps presents significant challenges due to limited accessibility post-completion. To address this issue, chemical inflow tracers were installed in a high water cut well. A steady-state campaign was conducted to identify the relative inflow production from each monitored zone.

The inflow chemical tracer systems were meticulously designed and manufactured to provide 3 years of oil tracer longevity and 2 years of water tracer longevity upon water breakthrough. These tracers were installed in the channels between the outer diameter (OD) of the base pipe and inner diameter (ID) of the wire wrap screen. The well was equipped with three distinct oil and three unique water tracer systems strategically placed across reservoir sections.

Surface samples were collected every 2 weeks over a period of 4 months during the well's normal production regime. These samples were subsequently analyzed in a specialized laboratory to determine the concentrations of both oil and water tracers.

The arrival of all tracer signals confirmed the presence of both oil and water in the monitored zones. Remarkably, the tracers also confirmed that, despite the well's 75% water cut, the zones where the tracers were placed continued to produce oil.

The campaign's results facilitated the identification of zones contributing most to water and oil production, thereby enabling the determination of the water source. This crucial information allowed the asset team to take remedial actions by investigating and pinpointing the water source, resulting in a significant increase in oil production and a reduction in water production.

The use of chemical inflow tracers enabled well monitoring without the need for intervention or additional equipment. By simply collecting samples from the surface, valuable insights into downhole well performance were obtained, enabling effective remediation techniques to decrease water production.
Ex Factor: Is Leveraging Mentoring & Sponsorship to Fast Track Diverse Leadership Pipelines Underestimated in Employee Experience (EX)?
Authors: Gustave N. W , Chapa K. G
Published: October 2023

Ever heard of the term, "glass ceiling"? It refers to barriers women and minorities face in the workplace. Corporations around the world have tried to find solutions, to diminish advancement barriers, yet for many women, people with disabilities and young employees it seems the glass ceiling has hardened to concrete. Research shows that having a diverse workforce and leaders increases revenue and innovation. Therefore businesses must leverage an employee centric mindset to understand from their employees how to create positive employee experiences and an inclusive work environment to remain competitive in the marketplace.

This paradigm shift in organisations’ people management practices, benefits the whole business ecosystem. By focusing on the whole person, you are then able to create a powerful employee experience. "Employee Experience is about creating a great work environment for people. It involves understanding the role that trust plays in the employment relationship and making sure people are listened to and have a voice in issues that impact" (CIPD, 2020). Employees are becoming "the consumers of the workplace," (Balasubramanian M, 2022) which means to unlock business performance, organisations must study the uniqueness of being human, and purposefully design work experiences from the viewpoint of employees to create a truly engaged workforce.

It is well documented that minorities experience a more difficult time building support networks inside their firm, have fewer mentors, and are neglected by high-status groups, which impact their chances of moving up the leadership ladder (Ely & Thomas 2020). This article addresses diversity from the perspective of how mentoring and sponsorship facilitates psychological safety, and can be tailored to promoting more minorities in leadership positions, and at the same time enhancing the employee experience. Opening the line of communication between talented minorities and power holders through strategic partnerships is imperative for companies to thrive in the future.
Cyclic Injection Scheme to Reduce Breakdown Pressure in Hydraulic Fracturing Wells: Case Study
Authors: Salah Mohamed , Al Hammadi Mohamed Thani , AL Marzooqi Afnan , Alshehhi Hajer Mohamed Ali J.
Published: October 2023

Globally, the development of unconventional resources has drastically played a pivotal role in the energy supply. The economic production from the unconventional reservoirs is a great challenge where these tight producing zones often exhibit extremely high in-situ stress with low permeability conditions, necessitating the hydraulic fracturing stimulation of each horizon to define fluid and assess productivity. This extreme in-situ stress condition poses a considerable high breakdown pressure, making the hydraulic fracturing techniques challenging when implemented to these types of reservoirs and often treatment parameters approach the equipment capabilities and operational limits without breaking down the formation or creating any fractures. Consequently, conventional techniques have yielded unsatisfactory outcomes, rendering the wells economically unviable. In this paper, a new approach has been developed to help reduce the formation breakdown pressure during the hydraulic fracturing treatment. The new approach encounters injection of hydraulic fracturing fluid in a series of hydraulic pulses schemes to induce fatigue failure damage and weaken rock tensile strength. This paper discusses the fatigue damage mechanism and constitutive relationship for rock subjected to cyclic stress. The mechanical response of rock under both monotonic and cyclic stress loading will be examined. The rate of fatigue damage evolution is influenced by the number of load cycles, stress amplitude and accumulated plastic deformation. This case study presents hydraulic fracturing technique, to reduce rock tensile strength, and induce fatigue damage to one of extremely in-situ stressed reservoirs which could not be broken-down by conventional hydraulic fracturing technique. The results of cyclic fracturing technique are summarized. The cyclic injection scheme fatigue response of rock reduces formation breakdown pressure by 16% compared to the results obtained in conventional hydraulic fracturing.
Managing Stealth Asphaltene Flow Assurance Potential Risk in Gas Injection Field Based on Data Science Using Over 20 years Accumulated Dataset
Authors: Yonebayashi H. , Hiraiwa T. , Khlaifi K. T. , Sakurai R. , Inokuma Y. , Bahri S. , Abed A. A. , Nomura Y. , Makishima K. , Tange M. , Sawata M. , Alkaabi S. H.
Published: October 2023

Gas injection into oil field is generally recognized to bring not only oil recovery improvement but also asphaltene destabilizing risks. Fortunately, a subject field has not caused any asphaltene-induced production deterioration in two main producing reservoirs during long term lean hydrocarbon gas injection. However, the recent first discovery of asphaltene deposits from the historical no-issued area in the field motivated us to do an immediate investigation for evaluating how critical risks might lurk and considering appropriate mitigation. The field has been applying pressure maintenance of peripheral powered sea water injection with the crestal lean hydrocarbon gas injection for two decades creating secondary gas cap surrounded by high GOR area. The first asphaltene deposits were observed from a producer near high but stable GOR area in the upper reservoir. Through the analysis of single phase bottomhole fluid from a similar positional relationship well near GOC in the lower reservoir, asphaltene precipitation behavior was investigated. The sample contained 0.1 wt% asphaltene with high colloidal instability index. Asphaltene onset was detected from lean hydrocarbon gas mixed-fluid using laser light scattering technique; however, the visual measurement using high pressure microscopy (minimum detection=1 μm) could not detect any asphaltene particles. This result implied that the gas injection causes asphaltene precipitation obviously but no aggregation leading deterioration of oil production. Namely, the precipitated but invisible asphaltenes can be still flowable. This stealth asphaltene behavior could well explain a possible mechanism of the first asphaltene observation in the upper reservoir. In the high GOR area, the stealth asphaltenes are precipitated and then flowed towards the asphaltene-observed well. After a certain amount of stealth asphaltene accumulation, the detectable deposits were finally observed. Since this mechanism might have possibility to expand, several mitigations were discussed for a future possible conservative scenario even keeping asphaltene problem-free production at this moment.
Towards Water Sustainability: A Success Story of Waste Water Reuse for Fracturing Operations
Authors: Alkhowaildi M. , Ruwayshid S. , Sahu Q. , Al Ali A.
Published: October 2023

Harnessing energy from natural gas has become critical in today's energy mix. Natural gas is considered a clean source of energy and plays a key role in supporting local and domestic energy demands. Extraction of these resources, often from tight reservoirs, was made possible with fracking technologies that require utilization of high volumes of fresh water. In light of the regional effort to alleviate burden on lacking freshwater resources and achieve sustainability, this paper captures a successful implementation of waste water re-use for fracturing operations.

A new zirconium-crosslinked, polysaccharide-based fracturing fluid system was formulated using waste water from industrial sources, i.e. evaporation water ponds associated with natural gas processing plants. The fracturing fluid was formulated in the lab using waste water samples and had undergone field demonstration using a stabilizing package that controls shear stability of the fracturing fluid through the zirconium crosslinker reaction kinetics. The core flooding and rheological characterization, comprising of shear resilience and shear recovery capabilities of the new fracturing fluid, are demonstrated through various shear history profiling experiments.

At a constant temperature of 300°F and under various shear profiles, the fluid succeeded in maintaining a viscosity above 300 cp for 2 hours. A proppant suspension test succeeded in showing excellent proppant suspension capability at elevated temperatures. Additionally, the core flooding experiments using delayed breaker chemistries yielded excellent regain permeability results (86% regain permeability), showcasing high cleanup potential of the new fracturing fluid.

The fluid was then successfully deployed in the field, treating two stages in carbonate formation. The post treatment results from deploying this in-house fracking fluid recipe while re-using waste water showed an excellent flowback and stable commercial gas rates with no indication of reservoir damage. Around 3,000 barrels of ground water was safely replaced using this source of water, successfully stimulating a tight formation with acid fracturing.

This technology proves the viability of waste water re-use in petroleum upstream operations. It enables water-use sustainability, groundwater conservation and supports circular water economy. This work can potentially pave the way for larger deployment schemes across wider different upstream operations that can further maximize value of existing water assets, that previously were largely discharged.