bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The utility of Apc-mutant rats in modeling human colon cancer
Authors: Irving Amy A. , Yoshimi Kazuto , Hart Marcia L. , Parker Taybor , Clipson Linda , Ford Madeline R. , Kuramoto Takashi , Dove William F. , Amos-Landgraf James M.
Published: October 2014

Prior to the advent of genetic engineering in the mouse, the rat was the model of choice for investigating the etiology of cancer. Now, recent advances in the manipulation of the rat genome, combined with a growing recognition of the physiological differences between mice and rats, have reignited interest in the rat as a model of human cancer. Two recently developed rat models, the polyposis in the rat colon (Pirc) and Kyoto Apc Delta (KAD) strains, each carry mutations in the intestinal-cancer-associated adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) gene. In contrast to mouse models carrying Apc mutations, in which cancers develop mainly in the small intestine rather than in the colon and there is no gender bias, these rat models exhibit colonic predisposition and gender-specific susceptibility, as seen in human colon cancer. The rat also provides other experimental resources as a model organism that are not provided by the mouse: the structure of its chromosomes facilitates the analysis of genomic events, the size of its colon permits longitudinal analysis of tumor growth, and the size of biological samples from the animal facilitates multiplexed molecular analyses of the tumor and its host. Thus, the underlying biology and experimental resources of these rat models provide important avenues for investigation. We anticipate that advances in disease modeling in the rat will synergize with resources that are being developed in the mouse to provide a deeper understanding of human colon cancer.
Localization of K+, H+, Na+ and Ca2+ fluxes to the excretory pore in Caenorhabditis elegans: application of scanning ion-selective microelectrodes
Authors: Adlimoghaddam Aida , Weihrauch Dirk , O'Donnell Michael J.
Published: October 2014

Although C. elegans is commonly used as a model organism for studies of cell biology, development and physiology, the small size of the worm has impeded measurements of ion transport by the excretory cell and hypodermis. In this paper we have used the scanning ion-selective microelectrode technique to measure efflux and influx of K+, H+, Na+ and Ca2+ in intact worms. Transport of ion into, or out of, immobilized worms produces small gradients in ion concentration in the unstirred layer near the worm’s surface. These gradients are readily detectable with ion-selective microelectrodes and the corresponding ion fluxes can be estimated using the Fick equation. Our data show that effluxes of K+, H+, Na+ and Ca2+ are localized to the region of the excretory pore, consistent with release of these ions from the excretory cell, and that effluxes increase after experimental preloading with Na+, K+ or Ca2+. In addition, the hypodermis is a site of Na+ influx.
Current controversies in the initial post-surgical radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Blumhardt Ralph , Wolin Ely A , Phillips William T , Salman Umber A , Walker Ronald C , Stack Brendan C , Metter Darlene
Published: October 2014

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and the fifth most common cancer in women. DTC therapy requires a multimodal approach, including surgery, which is beyond the scope of this paper. However, for over 50 years, the post-operative management of the DTC post-thyroidectomy patient has included radioactive iodine (RAI) ablation and/or therapy. Before 2000, a typical RAI post-operative dose recommendation was 100 mCi for remnant ablation, 150 mCi for locoregional nodal disease, and 175–200 mCi for distant metastases. Recent recommendations have been made to decrease the dose in order to limit the perceived adverse effects of RAI including salivary gland dysfunction and inducing secondary primary malignancies. A significant controversy has thus arisen regarding the use of RAI, particularly in the management of the low-risk DTC patient. This debate includes the definition of the low-risk patient, RAI dose selection, and whether or not RAI is needed in all patients. To allow the reader to form an opinion regarding post-operative RAI therapy in DTC, a literature review of the risks and benefits is presented.
A Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Constraints to Life History Evolution in a Wild Population of Red Deer
Authors: Walling Craig A , Morrissey Michael B , Foerster Katharina , Clutton-Brock Tim H , Pemberton Josephine M , Kruuk Loeske E B
Published: October 2014

Evolutionary theory predicts that genetic constraints should be widespread, but empirical support for their existence is surprisingly rare. Commonly applied univariate and bivariate approaches to detecting genetic constraints can underestimate their prevalence, with important aspects potentially tractable only within a multivariate framework. However, multivariate genetic analyses of data from natural populations are challenging because of modest sample sizes, incomplete pedigrees, and missing data. Here we present results from a study of a comprehensive set of life history traits (juvenile survival, age at first breeding, annual fecundity, and longevity) for both males and females in a wild, pedigreed, population of red deer (Cervus elaphus). We use factor analytic modeling of the genetic variance–covariance matrix (G) to reduce the dimensionality of the problem and take a multivariate approach to estimating genetic constraints. We consider a range of metrics designed to assess the effect of G on the deflection of a predicted response to selection away from the direction of fastest adaptation and on the evolvability of the traits. We found limited support for genetic constraint through genetic covariances between traits, both within sex and between sexes. We discuss these results with respect to other recent findings and to the problems of estimating these parameters for natural populations.
Impossibility theorems in multiple von Wright’s preference logic
Authors: Boricic Branislav
Published: October 2014

By using the standard combining logics technique (D. M. Gabbay 1999) we
define a generalization of von Wright?s preference logic (G. H. von Wright
1963) enabling to express, on an almost propositional level, the individual
and the social preference relations simultaneously. In this context we
present and prove the counterparts of crucial results of the Arrow-Sen social
choice theory, including impossibility theorems (K. Arrow 1951 and A. K. Sen
1970b), as well as some logical interdependencies between the dictatorship
condition and the Pareto rule, and thus demonstrate the power and
applicability of combining logics method in mathematical economics.
Influence of thermal treatment on the structure and in vitro bioactivity of sol-gel prepared CaO-SiO2-P2O5 glass-ceramics
Authors: Radev Lachezar
Published: October 2014

Nowadays there is a substantial practical interest in the in vitro
bioactivity of calcium silicate phosphate (CSP) glass-ceramics and carbonate
apatite (CO3HA) formation on their surfaces after in vitro test in simulated
body fluid (SBF). The main purpose of the presented article is the evaluation
of the chemical composition of the gel with nominal composition 70.59
CaO:28.23 SiO2:1.18 P2O5 (mol.%) on the structure, crystallization behaviour
and in vitro bioactivity in SBF solution for 14 and 28 days. The prepared
glass-ceramics have been synthesized via a polystep sol-gel method. The
structure of the obtaining samples was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD)
analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning
electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX).
After thermal treatment of the samples XRD confirmed the presence of
?-Ca2SiO4 and Ca15(PO4)2(SiO4)6, and indicated that at 1500?C
Ca15(PO4)2(SiO4)6 becomes predominant phase. FTIR revealed the presence of
all characteristics bands for calcium silicate phosphate (CSP) bonds. SEM
monitors the presence of particles with different morphology. After in vitro
test in SBF, FTIR depicted that B-type carbonate containing hydroxyapatite
(CO3HA) is preferentially formed on the immersed glass-ceramics. SEMof the
precipitated layers showed the presence of HA spheres. The changes in SBF
solution after soaking the samples were recorded by inductively coupled
plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
Pointing to Shaun Tan's The Arrival and Re-imagining Visual Poetics in Research
Authors: Bjartveit Carolyn J. , Panayotidis E. Lisa
Published: October 2014

In this article, the authors discuss how Shaun Tan's graphic novel The Arrival (2006) opened a polyphonic dialogue with culturally diverse early childhood educators. Using visual, graphic and symbolic languages provided alternative ways for the research participants to express their experiences and understandings of being recent immigrants. Analyzing and interpreting the stories that the participants narrated, the authors noted their linguistic, aesthetic and embodied responses to Tan's visual poetry – specifically the physical act of pointing to the images. The research raises multiple questions for consideration: How might The Arrival (and other graphic narratives) be used as an elucidative prompt for understanding caregiver/teacher practice in early childhood education and in educational research more broadly? How can visual research methodologies enhance the complex interrelations among curriculum, diversity and visuality in early childhood education? And, lastly, how can such imaginal and playful approaches point to deeper considerations around intercultural dialogue, social relations, pedagogy and the curriculum in early childhood education settings? Graphic novels provoke intercultural dialogue in research interviews and point to new research methodologies. They enhance cultural understandings among students, scholars and educators at post-secondary and pre-K-12 levels, providing insights into how culturally diverse educators and students can live and learn together in an always complex world.
‘Relationships for Me are the Key for Everything’: Early Childhood Teachers' Subjectivities as Relational Professionals
Authors: Warren Alison
Published: October 2014

Relational professionalism in early childhood teaching has been described as reflecting professional ethic of care values, as well as historical maternalist views. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, early childhood teachers negotiate conflicting contexts of professionalisation and maternalism. A strategic plan for early childhood education has emphasised teaching qualifications, and professional standards regulate early childhood teacher education and teacher registration. This article discusses findings from two participants involved in a post-structural study of newly qualified early childhood teachers' negotiations of their subjectivities within three dominant discourses. The authority discourse positioned the participants as claimed by the authority of qualifications and accountability requirements, while also claiming authority as knowledgeable and qualified. The identity work discourse positioned participants as responsible for shaping their own professional identities. A dominant discourse of relational professionalism positioned participants as relational professionals who engaged in warm, trusting and positive professional relationships. Data from two participants shows how they engaged in discursive practices in individual and complex ways in order to actively negotiate their subjectivities within the relational professionalism discourse.
Helping Chinese Children Become More Creative
Authors: Huang Pingting , Szente Judit
Published: October 2014

This article provides information about children's creativity in the People's Republic of China. More specifically, it introduces the Chinese cultural and social background along with the school and family environments as they relate to young children's creativity. The article also provides some suggestions for schools and families to foster creativity as a crucial skill in the twenty-first century.
Comparison of personality traits, attitude toward orthodontic treatment, and pain perception and experience before and after orthodontic treatment
Authors: Abu Alhaija Elham S. , Abu Nabaa Mona A. , Al Maaitah Emad F. , Al-Omairi Mahmoud K.
Published: October 2014

Objective: 

To compare personality traits, attitude toward orthodontic treatment, and pain perception and experience before and after orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods: 

One hundred subjects (50 male and 50 female) were included in this study. The mean (SD) age was 17.5 (2.05) years at T1 and 19.15 (2.32) years at T2. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires that included assessment of patients' personality traits, attitudes toward orthodontic treatment, and pain perception/experience. Subjects completed the questionnaires at two different times: before orthodontic treatment (T1) and after fixed orthodontic treatment (T2). Subjects were treated by fixed orthodontic appliances for an average (SD) period of 18.64 (0.35) months. Paired sample t-test and chi-square test were used to detect any differences.

Results: 

Significant changes in personality traits were detected after orthodontic treatment irrespective of gender. Neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness scores were improved (P < .001). A positive attitude toward orthodontic treatment was reported at T1 (4.31 [±1.26]) and improved at T2 (3.98 [±1.16]) irrespective of gender (P < .05). The average (SD) expected pain score (T1) was 4.73 (1.88) and the average (SD) experienced pain score (T2) was 4.63 (1.58). Significant difference in the expected and experienced pain scores was not detected (P  =  .11).

Conclusions: 

Personality traits and attitude toward orthodontic treatment improved after orthodontic treatment. Reported actual pain experience during orthodontic treatment was similar to that expected before treatment.
Central Nervous Insulin Administration Does Not Potentiate the Acute Glucoregulatory Impact of Concurrent Mild Hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Ott Volker , Lehnert Hendrik , Staub Josefine , Wönne Kathrin , Born Jan , Hallschmid Manfred
Published: October 2014

Experiments in rodents suggest that hypothalamic insulin signaling essentially contributes to the acute control of peripheral glucose homeostasis. Against this background, we investigated in healthy humans whether intranasal (IN) insulin, which is known to effectively reach the brain compartment, impacts systemic glucose metabolism. Twenty overnight-fasted healthy, normal-weight men were IN administered 210 and 420 international units [IU] (10 and 20 IU every 15 min) of the insulin analog aspart (ins-asp) and placebo, respectively, during experimental sessions lasting 6 h. The use of ins-asp rather than human insulin enabled us to disentangle exogenous and endogenous insulin kinetics. IN insulin dose-dependently decreased plasma glucose concentrations while reducing C-peptide and attenuating endogenous insulin levels. However, we also observed a slight dose-dependent permeation of ins-asp into the circulation. In control experiments mimicking the systemic but not the central nervous uptake of the IN 210 IU dose via intravenous infusion of ins-asp at a dose of 0.12 IU/kg/24 h (n = 10), we obtained essentially identical effects on fasting plasma glucose concentrations. This pattern indicates that sustained IN insulin administration to the human brain to enhance central nervous insulin signaling does not acutely alter systemic glucose homeostasis beyond effects accounted for by concurrent mild hyperinsulinemia.
The Effect of Social Comparison with Peers on Self-Evaluation
Authors: Tsai Chia-Ching , Yang Yung-Kai , Cheng Chia-Hsin
Published: October 2014

Social comparison refers to self-evaluation against other people. When people are outperformed by peers in a domain relevant (irrelevant) to them, it negatively (positively) affects how they evaluate themselves, compared to an irrelevant (relevant) domain. Whether a domain is self-relevant or self-irrelevant, the comparison direction and closeness should interact on how people evaluate themselves. Taiwanese undergraduates ( N = 276) ages 19 to 22 years ( M = 20.5, SD = 1.8), participated to assess whether the results from Western samples would be similar to those in an Asian sample, which were expected to be more collectivist.
Using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model Approach to Explore the Role of Age, Motor Proficiency, and Cognitive Styles in Children's Reach Estimation Accuracy
Authors: Caçola Priscila M. , Pant Mohan D.
Published: October 2014

The purpose was to use a multi-level statistical technique to analyze how children's age, motor proficiency, and cognitive styles interact to affect accuracy on reach estimation tasks via Motor Imagery and Visual Imagery. Results from the Generalized Linear Mixed Model analysis (GLMM) indicated that only the 7-year-old age group had significant random intercepts for both tasks. Motor proficiency predicted accuracy in reach tasks, and cognitive styles (object scale) predicted accuracy in the motor imagery task. GLMM analysis is suitable to explore age and other parameters of development. In this case, it allowed an assessment of motor proficiency interacting with age to shape how children represent, plan, and act on the environment.
Habitual Physical Activity of Independently Ambulant Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: Are They Doing Enough?
Authors: Mitchell Louise E. , Ziviani Jenny , Boyd Roslyn N.
Published: October 2014

Background

Despite the health benefits of regular physical activity, children with cerebral palsy (CP) are thought to participate in reduced levels of physical activity.

Objective

The study objective was to assess physical activity and determine the proportion adhering to the recommended 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily in independently ambulant children and adolescents with unilateral CP.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study.

Method

Children (N=102; 52 boys, 50 girls; mean age=11 years 3 months, SD=2 years 4 months) with spastic hemiplegia classified at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I (n=44) and II (n=58) recorded physical activity over 4 days using an accelerometer. Activity counts were converted to daily and hourly time spent inactive and in light physical activity or MVPA using uniaxial cutpoints (inactive: ≤100 vertical counts·min−1, light: 101 to 2,295 vertical counts·min−1, MVPA: ≥2,296 vertical counts·min−1) and recorded step counts. Differences between groups were examined using t tests.

Results

Of a potential 396 days, 341 days (86%) were recorded. The average wear time was 11:44 (SD=1:56) hours. On a typical day, participants recorded 438 (SD=234) counts·min−1, took 7,541 (SD=3,894) steps, spent 8:36 (SD=1:09) hours inactive, spent 2:38 (SD=0:51) hours in light activity, and spent 0:44 (SD=0:26) hours in MVPA. Only 25% of participants met the recommended level of MVPA on at least one day. Physical activity was highest in boys (versus girls), in children (versus adolescents), and on weekdays (versus weekends).

Limitations

Participants were limited to children with unilateral spasticity who were classified at GMFCS levels I and II.

Conclusions

The majority of independently ambulant children with unilateral CP did not perform sufficient physical activity to meet public health recommendations.
Use of sensory and motor action potentials to identify the position of trigeminal nerve divisions for radiofrequency thermocoagulation
Authors: Lin Bo , Lu Xuguang , Zhai Xinli , Cai Zhigang
Published: October 2014

Object

The objective of this study was to develop an electrophysiological method for intraoperative localization of the trigeminal nerve branches during radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RFTC).

Methods

Twenty-three patients who were scheduled to undergo RFTC were included. The trigeminal nerve root was stimulated through the foramen ovale using the radiofrequency cannula. Antidromic responses were recorded from the target division through supraorbital, infraorbital, and mental foramina electrodes, and an additional electrode at the masseter muscle. Sensory and motor action responses, as well as verbal and masseter contraction responses, were recorded and correlated.

Results

The antidromic responses were easily recorded in the target division in all 23 patients, and they were invariably correlated with the patient's verbal responses. The potentials were recorded successively from V1 to V3. The amplitude in each division before and after RFTC showed little difference in response to electrical stimulation with the same current. The motor trigeminal nerve action potentials were recorded in 10 patients; 7 of these patients had postoperative masseter muscle weakness, while the remaining 3 had normal masseter muscle function. Potentials with low amplitudes were usually obtained from neighboring divisions, but no unexpected denervation of any branches was observed. All the patients experienced immediate pain relief after the procedure.

Conclusions

This technique is sensitive and easy to apply. The sensory and motor potentials matched the verbal responses and the complications. Although it cannot completely substitute for the patient's verbal response, this approach is helpful in uncooperative patients, and it predicts and reduces the incidence of masseter muscle weakness. The use of these complementary techniques could increase the chances of treatment success.
Sex differences in the effect of progesterone after controlled cortical impact in adolescent mice: a preliminary study
Authors: Mannix Rebekah , Berglass Jacqueline , Berkner Justin , Moleus Philippe , Qiu Jianhua , Jantzie Lauren L. , Meehan William P. , Stanley Rachel M. , Robinson Shenandoah
Published: October 2014

Object

While progesterone has been well studied in experimental models of adult traumatic brain injury (TBI), it has not been evaluated in pediatric models. The study of promising interventions in pediatric TBI is important because children have the highest public health burden of such injuries. Therapies that are beneficial in adults may not necessarily be effective in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether progesterone treatment improves outcomes in an experimental model of pediatric TBI.

Methods

The authors determined whether progesterone administered after controlled cortical impact (CCI) improves functional and histopathological outcomes in 4-week-old mice. Both male and female mice (58 mice total) were included in this study, as the majority of prior studies have used only male and/or reproductively senescent females. Mice were randomized to treatment with progesterone or vehicle and to CCI injury or sham injury. Motor (wire grip test) and memory (Morris water maze) testing were performed to determine the effect of progesterone on TBI. Lesion volume was also assessed.

Results

Compared with their vehicle-treated counterparts, the progesterone-treated CCI-injured male mice had improved motor performance (p < 0.001). In contrast, progesterone-treated CCI-injured female mice had a worse performance than their vehicle-treated counterparts (p = 0.001). Progesterone treatment had no effect on spatial memory performance or lesion volume in injured male or female mice.

Conclusions

These data suggest a sex-specific effect of progesterone treatment after CCI in adolescent mice and could inform clinical trials in children.
Effects of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony–stimulating factor on glial scar formation after spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Chung Joonho , Kim Moon Hang , Yoon Yong Je , Kim Kil Hwan , Park So Ra , Choi Byung Hyune
Published: October 2014

Object

This study investigated the effects of granulocyte colony–stimulating factor (G-CSF) on glial scar formation after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats and compared the therapeutic effects between G-CSF and granulocytemacrophage colony–stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to evaluate G-CSF as a potential substitute for GM-CSF in clinical application.

Methods

Rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: a sham-operated group (Group 1), an SCI group without treatment (Group 2), an SCI group treated with G-CSF (Group 3), and an SCI group treated with GM-CSF (Group 4). G-CSF and GM-CSF were administered via intraperitoneal injection immediately after SCI. The effects of G-CSF and GM-CSF on functional recovery, glial scar formation, and axonal regeneration were evaluated and compared.

Results

The rats in Groups 3 and 4 showed better functional recovery and more decreased cavity sizes than those in Group 2 (p < 0.05). Both G-CSF and GM-CSF suppressed intensive expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein around the cavity at 4 weeks and reduced the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (p < 0.05). Also, early administration of G-CSF and GM-CSF protected axon fibers from destructive injury and facilitated axonal regeneration. There were no significant differences in comparisons of functional recovery, glial scar formation, and axonal regeneration between G-CSF and GM-CSF.

Conclusions

G-CSF suppressed glial scar formation after SCI in rats, possibly by restricting the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, which might facilitate functional recovery from SCI. GM-CSF and G-CSF had similar effects on glial scar formation and functional recovery after SCI, suggesting that G-CSF can potentially be substituted for GM-CSF in the treatment of SCI.
Simulation Study on Polarization-Independent Microlens Arrays Utilizing Blue Phase Liquid Crystals with Spatially-Distributed Kerr Constants
Authors: Chen Hung-Shan , Chen Michael , Chang Chia-Ming , Wang Yu-Jen , Lin Yi-Hsin
Published: October 2014

Polarization independent liquid crystal (LC) microlens arrays based on controlling the spatial distribution of the Kerr constants of blue phase LC are simulated. Each sub-lens with a parabolic distribution of Kerr constants results in a parabolic phase profile when a homogeneous electric field is applied. We evaluate the phase distribution under different applied voltages, and the focusing properties of the microlens arrays are simulated. We also calculate polarization dependency of the microlenses arrays at oblique incidence of light. The impact of this study is to provide polarizer-free, electrically tunable focusing microlens arrays with simple electrode design based on the Kerr effect.
Evolution of Antimicrobial Peptides to Self-Assembled Peptides for Biomaterial Applications
Authors: McCloskey Alice , Gilmore Brendan , Laverty Garry
Published: October 2014

Biomaterial-related infections are a persistent burden on patient health, recovery, mortality and healthcare budgets. Self-assembled antimicrobial peptides have evolved from the area of antimicrobial peptides. Peptides serve as important weapons in nature, and increasingly medicine, for combating microbial infection and biofilms. Self-assembled peptides harness a “bottom-up” approach, whereby the primary peptide sequence may be modified with natural and unnatural amino acids to produce an inherently antimicrobial hydrogel. Gelation may be tailored to occur in the presence of physiological and infective indicators (e.g. pH, enzymes) and therefore allow local, targeted antimicrobial therapy at the site of infection. Peptides demonstrate inherent biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, biodegradability and numerous functional groups. They are therefore prime candidates for the production of polymeric molecules that have the potential to be conjugated to biomaterials with precision. Non-native chemistries and functional groups are easily incorporated into the peptide backbone allowing peptide hydrogels to be tailored to specific functional requirements. This article reviews an area of increasing interest, namely self-assembled peptides and their potential therapeutic applications as innovative hydrogels and biomaterials in the prevention of biofilm-related infection.
The Effect of Different Global Navigation Satellite System Methods on Positioning Accuracy in Elite Alpine Skiing
Authors: Gilgien Matthias , Spörri Jörg , Limpach Philippe , Geiger Alain , Müller Erich
Published: October 2014

In sport science, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are frequently applied to capture athletes’ position, velocity and acceleration. Application of GNSS includes a large range of different GNSS technologies and methods. To date no study has comprehensively compared the different GNSS methods applied. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of differential and non-differential solutions, different satellite systems and different GNSS signal frequencies on position accuracy. Twelve alpine ski racers were equipped with high-end GNSS devices while performing runs on a giant slalom course. The skiers’ GNSS antenna positions were calculated in three satellite signal obstruction conditions using five different GNSS methods. The GNSS antenna positions were compared to a video-based photogrammetric reference system over one turn and against the most valid GNSS method over the entire run. Furthermore, the time for acquisitioning differential GNSS solutions was assessed for four differential methods. The only GNSS method that consistently yielded sub-decimetre position accuracy in typical alpine skiing conditions was a differential method using American (GPS) and Russian (GLONASS) satellite systems and the satellite signal frequencies L1 and L2. Under conditions of minimal satellite signal obstruction, valid results were also achieved when either the satellite system GLONASS or the frequency L2 was dropped from the best configuration. All other methods failed to fulfill the accuracy requirements needed to detect relevant differences in the kinematics of alpine skiers, even in conditions favorable for GNSS measurements. The methods with good positioning accuracy had also the shortest times to compute differential solutions. This paper highlights the importance to choose appropriate methods to meet the accuracy requirements for sport applications.
Resistance Mutations are Rare among Protease Inhibitor Treatment-Naive Hepatitis C Genotype-1 Patients with or without HIV Coinfection
Authors: Lisboa-Neto Gaspar , Noble Caroline F , Pinho João R Rebello , Malta Fernanda M , Gomes-Gouvêa Michele S , Alvarado-Mora Mónica V , Da Silva Mariliza H , Leite Andrea GB , Piccoli Leonora Z , Rodrigues Flaviane K , Carrilho Flair J , Mendes-Correa Maria C
Published: October 2014

Background

HCV has a high replication rate and a lack of proofreading activity, leading to a greatly diverse viral population. This diversity may lead to emergence of resistant strains in direct-acting antiviral therapy. The frequency of naturally occurring HCV protease inhibitor (PI) mutations has been addressed in many countries, but there are few data on the prevalence of these mutations in Brazilian patients.

Methods

We evaluated the sequence of HCV NS3 protease gene in 247 patients (135 HCV-monoinfected and 112 HIV–HCV-coinfected patients). HCV RNA was extracted from plasma and a fragment of 765 base pairs from the NS3 region was amplified and sequenced with Sanger-based technology.

Results

HIV–HCV-coinfected patients were more likely to be older than 40 years and have an HCV subtype-1a infection. Overall, 21.9% of patients had at least one amino acid substitution in the NS3 region; 14 patients (5.7%) harboured at least one resistance mutation (T54S, V55A, Q80R) and the Q80K mutation was not found in our case series. There was no difference between monoinfected and coinfected patients regarding the frequency of natural polymorphisms and resistance mutations.

Conclusions

Baseline HCV NS3 amino acid substitutions identified herein are considered mostly natural polymorphisms with no clinical impact on PI-based therapy. The identified resistance mutations may be associated with low-level resistance to PIs in vitro. Q80K substitution seems to be a rare event in Brazil. HIV coinfection was not associated with a greater frequency of such substitutions in the studied sample.
L' Attribut de l' objet, une complémentation nucléaire ?
Authors: Pierrard Michel , Havu Eva
Published: October 2014

Certains identifient une fonction attributive étendue, une fonction syntaxique sui generis pouvant se rattacher tant à l’objet direct qu’au sujet, qui engloberait les attributs du sujet (AS), les divers types d’attributs de l’objet (AO) ou encore des AS de verbes intransitifs (ASS). Notre étude veut spécifier le statut syntaxique des AO et des ASS en examinant les aspects suivants : (1) le degré d’homologie syntaxique de ces tours avec les AS d’une part ou avec les adjoints adjectivaux et participiaux d’autre part ; (2) leur rapport avec la complémentation nucléaire, dans la mesure où ils semblent établir une prédication seconde située au-delà de la complémentation verbale. L’approche proposée caractérise et délimite la fonction des AO et des ASS sans fonder celle-ci sur un rapport être -copule, aléatoire sur le plan syntaxique, et en distinguant ainsi ces tours de la construction AS. Elle inscrit le fonctionnement des constructions AO et ASS dans la co-prédication adjectivante et positionne les différentes constructions étudiées sur un axe allant de la macro- à la micro-syntaxe.
Quelques remarques sur un complément circonstanciel qui n'en est pas toujours un
Authors: Pilecka Ewa
Published: October 2014

L’article est consacré à la description du fonctionnement en français contemporain de la collocation V de N (de type Hurler de rage, rayonner de bonheur, mourir d’ennui …, où le substantif est un nom d’affect, d’état psychologique ou de sensation, et le verbe en désigne une manifestation observable). L’examen du corpus des textes du web francophone permet de constater le passage de l’interprétation initiale en termes de cause/conséquence vers celle où le substantif joue le rôle du prédicat central, et le verbe a la fonction d’intensifieur.
Pseudo-interrogatives satellisées
Authors: Corminboeuf Gilles
Published: October 2014

On étudie des constructions binaires juxtaposées de type {P inv , Q} qui comportent une inversion de pronom clitique sujet dans leur partie initiale, comme cet exemple de presse écrite [ Est-ce l’effet du printemps ? ] P [ Les esprits qui veulent réformer nos institutions s’échauffent .] Q . Après une comparaison avec les constructions articulées par toujours est-il que et une analyse des indices récurrents dans la structure, on montre au plan argumentatif qu’en quelque sorte l’affirmation du fait Q donne rétroactivement un peu de crédit à une de ses causes possibles exprimée dans P.
Le siècle mineur
Authors: Grelet Stany , Mangeot Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé Entretien avec Arlette Farge.
Radiographie d'une dent creuse
Authors: Pagès Yves
Published: October 2014

Résumé On connaît de réputation le despotisme éclairé de Catherine II la Grande (1729-1796). Elle fut tout autant protectrice des philosophes des Lumières et défenderesse jalouse des privilèges de la Noblesse russe ; confidente épistolaire de Diderot et ennemie jurée d’une paysannerie réduite au pire asservissement. Veuve plus ou moins homicide - sur la personne de son mari, le germanophile Pierre III -, elle lui préféra le prince Grigori Alexandrovitch Potemkine, amant de la nouvelle impératrice et éminence (...)
Avant-propos
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe , Wajeman Lise
Published: October 2014

Résumé Pourquoi un dossier sur la Révolution des œillets ?
Saudade et révolution
Authors: Renouard Jean-Philippe
Published: October 2014

Résumé « Il nous est difficile de distinguer si c’est notre passé qui est notre futur, ou notre futur notre passé. »Fernando PessoaEduardo Lourenço est l’une des figures intellectuelles majeures du Portugal actuel, auteur de nombreux essais consacrés à Cam’es, Montaigne, Pessoa. Quatre ans après la Révolution des œillets, il fait paraître Psychanalyse mythique du destin portugais, long article repris en 1997 dans Mythologie de la Saudade, où il stigmatise « l’irréalisme permanent de l’image que les Portugais (...)
Geneviève Berkeley, enseignante au camp de réfugiés palestiniens de Qalendaya
Authors: Zaoui Pierre
Published: October 2014

Résumé Geneviève est une amie gréco-canadienne. Depuis octobre, après deux ans au Liban, elle est chargée par l’UNRWA (l’agence des Nations Unies pour l’aide aux réfugiés en Cisjordanie) de la formation des institutrices palestiniennes du camp de Qalendaya, en Cisjordanie, entre Jérusalem et Ramallah. Plus tard, dans un restaurant juif de Jaffa donnant sur toute la baie de Tel-Aviv, elle éclatera en larmes : « Mais ce n’est pas possible, comment peuvent-ils vivre comme ça, comme si de rien n’était ? À 80 kilomètres c’est la guerre, tous les jours des gamins se font tuer ou blesser ! Ce sont tous des fascistes ou quoi ? »
Différence et indifférence : l'Afrique et la passivité des intellectuels
Authors: Franche Dominique
Published: October 2014

Résumé À en croire certains nostalgiques, l’Afrique noire serait une « passion française ». Pourtant, son devenir intéresse aussi peu les Français que ceux qu’il est convenu de nommer les « intellectuels ».
Trop de plaisir nuit
Authors: Jobard Fabien
Published: October 2014

Résumé le droit administratif à l’assaut de la Love et de la Fuckparade
Fêtes libres ?
Authors: Vix Christophe
Published: October 2014

Résumé une histoire du mouvement techno en France (1989-2004)
Une vie en peinture
Authors: Bertrand Anne
Published: October 2014

Résumé entretien avec Jean Louis Schefer
Tenir (à) la caisse
Authors: Blanchard Emmanuel , Duchêne Laurence , Grelet Stany
Published: October 2014

Résumé notes sur l’assurance maladie
Hypoglycemia and Diabetes: An Update of Current Trends and Treatment
Authors: Frazzitta Marie
Published: October 2014

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is a complication of diabetes treatment that can cause harm and prevent optimal glycemic control. The problem can be minimized through the identification of risk factors, use of tools, appropriate drug regimens, and education. Every effort needs to be made to help minimize the risk and prevent the associated complications.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2014;45(10):432–434.
Agreement of Urine Specific Gravity Measurements Between Manual and Digital Refractometers
Authors: Minton Dawn M. , O'Neal Eric Kyle , Torres-McGehee Toni Marie
Published: October 2014

Context:

Urine specific gravity (Usg), measured by a handheld manual refractometer (MAN), has been recognized as a valid and practical means of assessing hydration status. Newer, digital refractometers are faster and more user friendly but have not been validated against the traditional MAN.

Objective:

To compare the reliability and validity of 2 digital refractometer models and a MAN.

Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:

Sample of convenience was recruited from the local university and surrounding community (n = 82).

Intervention(s):

Participants provided multiple urine samples (n = 124) over a 5-month period under various hydration conditions.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Urine specific gravity was compared among a MAN, a digital refractometer requiring the prism to be dipped (DIP) into a urine sample, and a digital refractometer that requires urine to be pipetted (PIP) onto its prism for analysis.

Results:

The MAN measurements were strongly correlated with the DIP (r = 0.99, P < .001) and PIP (r = 0.97, P < .001) measurements. Bland-Altman analyses revealed slight mean underestimation (95% upper and lower levels of agreement) between MAN and DIP (−0.0012 [0.0028] and PIP −0.0011 [0.0035], respectively) and trends toward increased underestimation at higher Usg. Measurement error ≥ .005 was greater for PIP (4/124, 3.2%) than for DIP (2/124, 1.6%).

Conclusions:

Negligible differences were exhibited between PIP and DIP, with both displaying acceptable reliability and validity compared with the MAN. However, the Bland-Altman analysis suggests underestimation bias for the DIP and PIP as Usg increases, with the potential for rare but substantial underestimation when using PIP that should be recognized by clinicians, particularly when used as a screening measure in weight-class sports.
A mudança técnica e o processo de diferenciação dos sistemas de produção pesqueira do Litoral do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Andriguetto Filho José Milton
Published: October 2014

A pesca marítima do Paraná apresenta grande complexidade, composta por uma grande diversidade de ambientes aquáticos, uma variedade de práticas, em sua maior parte em regime de li vre acesso, diferentes origens culturais dos pescadores, seus movimentos migratórios, níveis de inserçao no mercado e usos de outros recursos naturais. Em meio a essa complexidade, seis sistemas de produçao pesqueira foram reconhecidos em etapa anterior da pesquisa. O presente trabalho explora a hipótese de que aqueles sistemas estão relacionados por uma história evolutiva de diferenciação. Aplica-se uma abordagem interdisciplinar, concebendo-se os sistemas de produção como novos níveis de integração entre sistemasnaturais e sociais. Dados sobre demografia, práticas e técnicas de pesca, comercialização da produção e outras fontes de renda e variáveis geográficas e ambientais foram obtidos em 1997, de várias fontes primárias e secundárias, incluindo entrevistas em 22 vilas e bairros pesqueiros. Os dados permitiram o desenvolvimento de um modelo evolutivo que descreve os padrões de diferenciação dos seis sistemas atuais. Estes têm um ancestral agro-pesqueiro no século XVIII e se diferenciam no século XX, quando aagricultura é desfavorecida. A diferenciação dos sistemas é causada principalmente pela evoluçao do mercado, dinâmicas demográficas, particularmente imigração, e inovação técnica, incluindo a invenção de novos equipamentos. Enquanto parte da pesca experimenta um processo de intensificaçao e maiorinserção no mercado, alguns sistemas parecem em curso de desaparecimento. A gestão e a pesquisa não têm considerado as diferentes realidades da pesca paranaense, falhando, portanto, ao abordar problemas de meio ambiente e desenvolvimento.
Phytochemical study of aerial parts from Phlomis tuberosa L
Authors: Javzan S , Selenge D
Published: October 2014

Three iridoid glycoside lamiide(I), Ipolamiide(II) and ipolamiide(III) were isolated from N-butanol fractions obtained from the column chromatography of methanol extract from the aerial parts of Phlomis tuberosa. In addition, iridoid cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid, 7-methyl-, methyl ester and phenol, 4-(3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy were determined from the chloroform fraction of methanol extract of aerial parts from Phlomis tuberosa. Isolation and structural elucidation of compounds were accomplished by PTLC, TLC, CC and spectroscopic methods (UV, 13C and 1H NMR and DEPT, GC-MS). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.192 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p20-24
Composition of iron ores from Mongolian western region and its applicability for cement production
Authors: Tserenkhand B , Sanjaasuren R , Solongo P
Published: October 2014

In this research were studied the chemical and mineral compositions of some iron ores in Mongolian the western region. Also the study investigated the effect of calcium fluoride on decomposition temperatures of calcite in the raw mix for obtaining cement clinker. The chemical investigation result showed that iron oxide (Fe2O3) content in the western Mongolian iron ores represents in Uvgondatsan (Khovd) – 87.23%, Suul Khar (Khovd) – 85.00% and Kharganat (Uvs) – 89.29%, respectively. Iron ores of Kharganat and Uvgundatsan are mostly contained magnetite (Fe3O4) while iron ore of Suul Khar is mostly contained hematite (Fe2O3). The decomposition temperature of calcite (CaCO3) was reduced by 5°C, 10°C, and 15°C when calcium fluoride (CaF2) in the raw mix for obtaining cement clinker that consists of Shokhoit limestone, Shal clay and Kharganat iron ore was added up 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjc.v14i0.204 Mongolian Journal of Chemistry 14 (40), 2013, p75-79
Jardines y urbanizaciones, nuevas naturalezas urbanas en el litoral de la provincia de Alicante
Authors: Morote Seguido Álvaro Francisco , Hernández Hernández María
Published: October 2014

La última expansión residencial acaecida en el litoral mediterráneo ha provocado importantes repercusiones territoriales. El objetivo de esta investigación es poner de manifiesto una de ellas: la proliferación de nuevas tipologías urbanas y la presencia de áreas ajardinadas. Identificar los factores que han posibilitado la génesis de esas nuevas tipologías urbanas que predominan en el litoral de Alicante y conocer los rasgos que definen a uno de esos elementos (los jardines) constituyen los objetivos de esta publicación. Metodológicamente, se adopta un enfoque integrado por el cual se combinan metodologías cuantitativas (análisis de bases de datos) y cualitativas (entrevistas). La presencia de un importante colectivo de población procedente del centro y norte de Europa unido a rasgos climáticos y el precio del agua justifican la tipología de jardín predominante, el denominado jardín mediterráneo.
Urban Metabolism: A review of recent literature on the subject
Authors: Dinarès Marta
Published: October 2014

Urban areas are the primary habitat for a majority of the global population. The development of cities not only entails a fundamental change in human settlement patterns but also a dramatic transformation of the physical environment. Thus, urban areas and their development are at the centre of all discussions on sustainability and/or sustainable development. This review essay introduces the notion of Urban Metabolism (UM), a term that provides a conceptual framework to study how a city functions, and hence, a way to address the sustainability issue of a city. Due to the significance and scope of the subject, the notion of UM is interpreted and thus approached differently across diverse disciplines from both the natural and social science fields. In order to comprehend the commonalities and controversies between them, the present review also briefly introduces the historical roots of the term. This review reveals the increasing significance of a rich and rapidly evolving field of research on the metabolism of urban areas.
Hill, Margot (2013). Climate change and water governance. Adaptative capacity in Chile and Switzerland
Authors: Gabarda Mallorquí Ariadna
Published: October 2014

Hill, Margot (2013)Climate change and water governance. Adaptative capacity in Chile and SwitzerlandDordrecht, Països Baixos: Springer, 345 p.ISBN 978-94-007-5795-0