bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic and genetic differentiation of qualitative traits in sheep ecotype from Cameroon Western Highlands
Authors: Djoufack Yannick Tadakeng , Meutchieye Félix , Manjeli Yacouba
Published: February 2022

This study was carried out in the highlands zone, west region of Cameroon to evaluate the distribution and frequency of sheep qualitative traits. Four hundred and three (403) adult sheep were randomly sampled in the study area. The qualitative traits observed were the presence or not of toggles, beard, horns and the sheep coat color (white, black, white-black and white-brown). The main results showed that the traits observed were variable according to the locality and sex of the animal. The sheep from the Bamboutos Division have the highest toggles frequency (21.69%) compared to those of the Noun Division whose frequency was the lowest (11.67%). Toggles were present in both sexes with higher frequency of 18.18% in females compared to the males (9.47%). Beard was almost non-existent in the two localities as well as in the two sexes. Horns were present in sheep of all the investigated localities and in both sexes, with higher frequency in males (90.53%) compared to females (8.12%). The action of the gene responsible for the color of the coat was variable as far as any locality was concerned. The predominant color observed was white. The gene frequencies recorded for the presence of the toggles (Waw), beard (Brb) and horns (HoP) were 0.06%, 0.00% and 0.35%, respectively. These values were far below the expected Mendelian value of 0.75. These low frequencies observed would indicate that the sheep populations of the highlands of the west region of Cameroon were variegated without proper actions of artificial selection, opening ways for genetic improvement.
Genetic polymorphism in the POU1F1 gene in Kalahari Red and two Nigerian goat breeds and their relationship with litter size
Authors: Olasege Babatunde Shittu , Bemji Martha Nchang , Ibeagha -Awemu Eveline Mengwi , Adamu Mani Isa , Mathew Wheto , Sulaimon Ganiu Damilare , Ayinde Musa Olarenwaju , Sodimu Basirat Olasumbo , Ogunniyi Damilola Abimbola , Okwelum Ngozi , Oluwatosi Bamidele O
Published: February 2022

POU1F1 gene controls cell differentiation and animal growth by binding to target DNA promoter sequence, thereby auto-regulating its own expression and expression of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and thyroid-stimulating hormone beta sub-unit (TSHβ) genes. Therefore, the exploration of caprine POU1F1 gene polymorphisms may be vital in the formulation of conservation and breed improvement strategies.  In this study, POU1F1 gene was characterized for sequence polymorphisms in 366 individuals from two Nigerian goat breeds ((West African Dwarf (WAD) and Red Sokoto (RS)) and one South African goat breed (Kalahari (KR)). The effects of polymorphisms on litter size were investigated using linear mixed model. Two intronic mutations (g.306G>A and g.11236C>T) were identified. However, no significant association was found between the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) and litter size in the three populations. The genetic distance based on POU1F1 investigated region revealed that the two Nigerian breeds and the South African breed were identical (pairwise genetic distance of 0.00). Phylogenetic tree constructed from the pairwise distance clustered the three breeds into a single clade with the two Nigerian goat breeds having a more recent common ancestor. Structural analysis of the POU1F1 protein confirmed that Pit-Oct-Unc transcription factors domain (POU) and Homeodomain (HOX) domains are conserved in mammals, with several overlapping sub-domains across the same region in all the three populations. We found a subdomain Subfamily of SANT domain or myb/SANT-like domain in Adf-1 (MADF) in goat, cattle, buffalo and camel that has not been reported in mammals
Morphological characterization of an Algerian Sighthound known as The Sloughi raised in the Wilaya of Tlemcen, Northwest of Algeria.
Authors: HADDAM Hadi Youssouf , Mennani Achour , Hamel Wissam , Benhamadi Mohamed Amine , LABBACI Madani , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

The "Sloughi" is a North African sighthound that the World Canine Organization recognizes as a Moroccan greyhound (breed standard n 188). The aim of this study is to compare the distribution of the body measurements of the Algerian sighthound by sex, sampling zones and body coat color. Sixteen morphometric variables were measured and six indices were estimated (format, massiveness, bone, head/neck, muzzle/head, withers/rump) in 30 adult unrelated animals (21 males and 9 females). The impact of sex on variables and indices was assessed using the t-test, while that of the sampling zones and that of the coat color using ANOVA. The mean values for withers height, height at rump, head length, muzzle length, ears length, neck length, body length, tail length, muzzle circumference, head circumference, neck circumference, chest circumference, waist circumference, thigh circumference, forearm circumference, wrist circumference were 71.85, 70.61, 25.24, 10.83, 13.16, 21.23, 68.44, 43.55, 21.50, 33.63, 41.27, 73.35, 48.73, 34.48, 14.67 and 10.81 cm, respectively. The results showed that there was no sexual dimorphism according to the phenotypic traits, the difference between the animals was only due to their body measurements. Males had more developed measurable traits than females, and the mean of Shannon’s diversity index for all variables was 0.99363
The Bankim Pigs: A Native Cameroonian Breed Assessed by Biometric Features
Authors: Siewe Audrey Tchakam , Manjeli Yacouba , Meutchieye Félix
Published: February 2022

In order to study the biodiversity of Cameroon’s indigenous pigs, this study was carried out from December 2017 to July 2018 in the Sudano-Guinean zone of Cameroon, precisely in the Bankim subdivision. Data on morphology and body measurements (17) were collected in eight localities from 287 randomly selected pigs of both sexes aged at least 8 months and analyzed. Diversity analyses showed that there is a significant variability in the population. Color pattern results show that Bankim pig has a multiple Coat color with a tendency of bicolor prevalence (58%). The ear orientations of pig were mainly front erected (65.50%). Body measurements were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different among the localities except for hair length. The major body indices indicated that the Bankim pig could be an interesting candidate for meat production in small scale farming. According to the discriminant factorial analysis, the population may consist of three genetic types. Phylogenetic analysis showed that one of the genetic types is at genetic equidistance from the two others. The observed genetic variability within the studied populations may offer opportunity for genetic improvement.
Phenotypic characteristics of native edible snails Achatina fulica and Archachatina marginata in equatorial region of Cameroon
Authors: Tsayo Tchinda Sandrine , Meutchieye Félix , Etchu Kingsley , Nkwendem Djouatsa Maria Gorothy , Dongmo Djiotsa Francis , Ngoula Ferdinand
Published: February 2022

Between February and May 2019, in the equatorial forest urbanized area of Cameroon (Mfoundi), a study was conducted and aimed to contribute on a better understanding of the biodiversity of edible snails for their genetic improvement and conservation. A total of 693 adult snails of two species: Archachatina marginata and Achatina fulica were collected in the various localities (Odza, Mbankolo, Biyem-assi, Nyom, Nkolbisson and Simbok). Information about biometric morpho characters was collected using a survey sheet, an electronic scale of 7000g capacity with accuracy of plus or minus 1g, a sliding foot with an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 millimeter. A digital camera will be used for the subsequent morphological assessment of the animals. Results revealed significant influence of locality on all the morphobiometric characteristics. The shell color of A. marginata was black with yellowish stripes and the red tip was the most frequent (62.85%); while for the species A. fulica it was brown with white stripes and white tip (76.09%). The most common color of the foot in A. marginata was brown with white traces (41.70%) and in A. fulica, it was black (82.50%). The number of shell turns in A. marginata was higher in the localities of Mbankolo (5.36±0.12) and Odza (5.38±0.05) while in A. fulica it was higher in the locality of Simbok (7.41±0.49). Concerning body measurements (in mm), the total body length of A. marginata was higher in Nkolbisson (88.10±1.30) and that of A. fulica was greater in Simbok (112.25±12.16). The live weight (g) of A. marginata was higher in Mbankolo (70±0.00) on the other hand, that of A. fulica was higher in Simbok (80±0.02) and Nyom (80±0.12). The diversity observed suggests that edible snails constitutes rich natural genetic resources enough variability to envisage genetic improvement and develop preservation schemes for these snails mostly collected from wild
Behavioural instability as an indicator of personality within captive populations of Rothschild Giraffes
Authors: Berthelsen Anne Katrine Leth , Kjeldgaard Bertram Brix , Møller-Lassesen Katrine , Larsen Ninna , Urup Patrick , Ellegård Jensen Stine , Jensen Trine Hammer , Pertoldi Cino , Alstrup Aage Kristian Olsen , Pagh Sussie
Published: February 2022

The novel concept of behavioural instability has proven suitable for  studying the behavior and personality in zoo animals. Individual personality  has an impact on how the zoo best perform environmental enrichment,  and behavioural diversity of captive populations intended to potentially  repopulate wild habitats. This study aims to prove the presence of recognizable  personalities in Rothschild giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi), as well as  to investigate whether visitor numbers affect the behavioural expressions  in this species. Six giraffes (bot young and adults) were filmed in Aalborg  Zoo, and the recordings were subsequently analysed. The procured data was then analysed using a series of tests primarily focusing on behavioural reaction  norms. The results shows that distinct personalities exist within the groups of  Rothschild giraffes. However, the number of visitors exhibited no statistical  significance upon the behaviour of the individuals. It can thereby be concluded that  specimens of Rothschild giraffes possess unique personality traits which are worth defining in order to ensure behavioural diversity.
Identification and characterization of Common Sage in the wilaya of Tlemcen
Authors: Achir Mohammed , Benserida Yassine , Senhadji Alaa Abir zohor , Taibi Warda , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

As part of the study of the biodiversity of plant genetic resources, in general and medicinal plants, in particular, we are interested in the study of an aromatic plant of Mediterranean origin, the Salvia officinalis known under the name of Mramiya , plant used in traditional medicine. Due to the absence of ethnic data and studies of racial characterizations of this species in Algeria, it is useful to contribute to the morphometric study of the sage population in the Tlemcen region. A collection of 100 plants, spread over five localities in this wilaya, is the subject of this investigation. Twenty-three measurements and 16 phenotypic characters were selected for this study. The effect of the region was studied; this factor was found to have a significant effect on the studied traits. A principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple correspondences analysis (MCA) was performed on the phenotypic characteristics, which revealed inertias corresponding to 18. 93% and 14.439% , 14.02% and 11.59% respectively for the first two principal components. This analysis made it possible to establish remarkable phenotypic differences, which have implications to be considered in the characterization program of this plant. An extraction of essential oils was performed to get an idea of the yield potential of two regions. The hydrodistillation of the aerial part of the Officinal Sage in the two regions Marsa Ben M’hidi and Ghazaouet gives a yield of 16.42% and 14.36%, respectively.
Assessing agro-morphological diversity of chickpea accessions in western Algeria
Authors: Bouri Amina , Mediouni Mohamed Rida , Kaouadji Zoubida , Meghili Imene , Gaouar Suheil Bechir Semir
Published: February 2022

The chickpea is a very important food species in Algeria whose cultivated type is Kabuli and it is the one of the largest seed legumes. Ten chickpea genotypes were characterized for different agro-morphological traits in order to estimate the genetic diversity. For this purpose, an experimental culture test (completely randomized block system) was conducted at the pilot farm of El Hamaddouche in Tlemcen. Analysis of variance showed a high level of significance for many traits. The Shannon and Weaver index H' (mean) of this collection (0.29) reflects a weak morphological diversity. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed for all traits and explained 60.43% of the total variability. The genotypes were grouped into five clusters by reference to the chosen axes. Genotypes forming the same group are closely related to each other according to their common agro-morphological traits, the same pattern was observed for the Hierarchical Ascendent Classification (HAC). Cluster analysis and correspondence analysis summarizes that there is a close resemblance between genotypes from different regions, implying that there are no relationships between geographic origins and genetic diversity.
Morphometrical Variation of Carob tree (Ceratoniasiliqua L) in Algeria.
Authors: Gadoum Abdelkader , Chahbar Mohamed , Adda Ahmed , Sahnoune Mohamed , Aid Fatiha
Published: February 2022

Mediterranean ecosystems are subject to the influence of particular climatic conditions characterized by scarcity or irregular rainfall and long dry summer periods. These climatic restrictions generally disturb the vegetation. In order to overcome these problems. The use of pioneer tree species, adapted to climatic hazards, remains the most recommended solution. The carob tree (C.siliqua) is an agro-sylvo-pastoral species with enormous socio-economic and ecological interests. This Mediterranean tree is favourably established in semi-arid and arid areas. For the success of reforestation projects, the management and preservation of this species requires prior assessment and characterization of their variability. This approach is based on multidisciplinary studies involving the analysis of the diversity of agro-morphological, adaptive traits. In this context, the present study aims to explore, using agro-morpho-metric markers of the carob tree in central and north-western Algeria. We use the pods and leaves to identify, label or characterize the different collections or germplasm of the carob tree in the world. This study was carried out on the variability of nine morpho-metric traits related to fruits (pods) and leaves through a comparative study at the level of provenances (Larabaa, BordjBounaama, Aflou, Remchi and Ain Sefra). Carob plants from three contrasting ecotypes of Ceratoniasiliqua (Remchi ecotype from the sub-humid stage, Tissemsilt and BordjBounaama ecotype from the semi-arid stage and Ain Sefra and Aflou ecotype from the arid stage) were subjected to a thorough biometric study of the leaves and pods collected after a field survey in June-July 2013. The results showed the highest mean values for the majority of the traits studied, thus indicating the importance of the provenance factor. Based on the analyses of variance and their decomposition, and depending on the biometric traits studied, the carob resource management strategy can be chosen either for the pod factor (pod weight, pod length, number of seeds per pod and number of infested seeds per pod) or the leaf factor (petiole length and leaf area). In the case of our collections, the longest size was recorded in the Bordj Bounaama population (16.66 cm ± 2.36) and Remchi (16.10 cm ± 2.78) and the smallest in the Aflou population (9.40 cm ± 1, 27). Indeed, a positive correlation between the measured parameters (length, width, thickness and weight of the pod) was observed. Differences between ecotypes were observed for all morphological traits studied.
Behavioural Differences in Captive Sumatran Tigers (Panthera tigrissumatrae)
Authors: Hangstrup Camilla Weje , Hentzen Sarah Vernersen , Lauridsen Ditte Grønnegaard , Nielsen Michelle , Linder Anne Cathrine , Alstrup Age Kristian Olsen , Pagh Sussie , Jensen Trine Hammer , Pertoldi Cino
Published: February 2022

Measuring behavioural differences for captive Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigrissumatrae) is a useful tool for the optimisation of captive environments and animal welfare. Behavioural differences can be measured by comparing several individuals and by comparing days with enrichment to days without enrichment. The behaviour of two individuals can vary for reasons such as age and sex, where age can play a part in the activity level of an individual as well as age-related diseases can impact behavior. Using statistical analyses on data collected by observing tigers (n=4) in Aalborg Zoo, Denmark, throughout 15 days, it was possible to visualize and calculate significant changes in behaviour when comparing enrichment and control days. The main focus of this study was the individual behavioural differences on enrichment and control days.All individuals showed increased activity on enrichment days. This study also aimed to investigate whether meloxicam had an effect on the behaviourof an aged male Sumatran tiger as a tool to assess if he had pain. No significant behavioural changes were observed in the behaviour of the tiger with or without meloxicam treatment. In conclusion, there were differences in the behaviour of individuals of different age andsex and how the individuals reacted to enrichment.
Biometric Assessment of Blackbelly Sheep in Central Africa
Authors: MEKA ZIBI II , Martin Arthur , Meutchieye Félix , Tadakeng Yannick , Fonteh Florence
Published: February 2022

The Genetic and phenotypic characterization of the Central AfricanBlackbelly sheep was carried outfrom April 1st to November 30th2019. A total 288adults sheep were sampled in order to assess the genetic diversity of the Blackbelly population in 3 Central Africa countries (Cameroun, Congo Brazzaville and Gabon).A total of twenty-two (22) body measurements were collected with the aid of metric tools(i.e.,headlength, head width, hornlength, ear length, neck length, neck circumference, total body length, trunk length, height at withers, height at back, height at rump, chest circumference, chest depth, chest width, rump width, rump length, front leg length, rear leg length, tail length, canon bone circumference, nipple length and body weight). The latter was used to calculate twelve (12)indices (sub-sternal gracility, ear-length, format, compactness, massiveness, chest,slenderness, frame, body, dactylo-thoracic, caudal and ear) in a bid to appreciate the functional relationship between measurements. Phenotypic dimorphism (P ≤ 0.05) has been observed between the Blackbelly sheep of different countries, with the highest and heaviest animals coming from Congo (HW= 62.217 ± 5.288 and BW = 27.44 ± 6.08kg), the longest from Gabon (TBL = 84.69 ± 8.70) and the largest (CW=15.01± 2.531 and RW=14.716 a± 2.351) from Cameroon. A perfect correlation was recorded between BW and TC. Principal Component Analysis reveals that six main components explain 73.1% of the observed variability in the body measurements of Blackbelly sheep population of Central Africa. The first two components which have eigenvalues greater than 3 and explain 25.44% (CP1) and 17.41% (CP2) of the variability in body measurements, can be considered for an improvement and selection program. Hence, the height at back and thethoracic circumference appear to be the most interesting measurements to beconsidered for the selection and conservation of the Blackbelly sheep.
Genetic diversity evaluation of Tetraclinis articulata L. in Algeria
Authors: Kermouni Serradj Ahmed Marwane , Tebbal Safa Hadhoum , Touenti Djamila , Benchaib Ghizlane , Bouri Amina
Published: February 2022

Tetraclinis articulata is an endemic, medicinal and aromatic species of the cupressaceae family with an economic importance. The objective of our study is based on the morpho-metric characterization of a 210 individual sample from seven populations distributed in five regions in western Algeria: Tlemcen (Ain fezza (Yfri forest), Ain Ghraba (Ahfire forest), Beni Snous (Zarifate forest)), Ain Temouchent ( Madagh 2 forest) , Oran (the Virgin forest) , Relizane ( Zemmora forest)  and finely Sidi Bel Abbes  (Tenira forest) using eight morphological traits :Circumference of the tree (CRF),The tree height (TH),The tree crown (TCR), The length of primary branch (LgB1),The length of secondary branch (Lg B2),The length of the needles(LgNd) which were statistically studied using the R software. Phenotypic diversity was determined by the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') at different levels. The estimated H' showed a large phenotypic variability for different traits with a mean of 0.90. The results of the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and hierarchical clustering (HCA) showed a clear distinction between the populations. The extraction of essential oils was done for all populations; the yield of essential oils from the trees of the Beni Snouss population was higher than the other populations which is very important for future economic perspectives and we all so found that there is a negative correlation between the yield of essential oils and The length of the needles (LgNd) which can be used to identify the subjects with the best performance.
Multivariate analysis of body weight, morphometric and thermo-physiological traits of indigenous pigs under tropical conditions
Authors: Yakubu Abdulmojeed , Durven Galle , Hagan Julius
Published: February 2022

The study aimed at describing objectively the interdependence among the morphological and heat tolerance traits of Nigerian indigenous pigs and to predict body weight from conformation traits. Data on body weight, eight linear body measurements (BL, CG, CD, WH, RH, EL, SL and TL) and three thermo-physiological parameters were measured on 150 randomly selected pigs of three growth stages (piglets, growers and finishers) from February to December, 2020. The animals were managed in an extensive system in Plateau State, north central Nigeria. General linear model was used to study growth stage and sex effects including their interaction. Multivariate principal component analysis was used for the size, shape and heat tolerance determination while the animals were classified using canonical discriminant analysis.  The stepwise regression was used for body weight prediction. The results showed that finishers had significantly higher (P<0.05) body weight, body length, chest girth, chest depth, withers height, rump height, ear length, snout length and tail length, followed by growers while the least values were recorded in piglets. Pulse rate was not significantly different (P>0.05) between piglets and finishers, although the latter had higher respiratory rate (39.48±0.53 vs. 39.90±0.53 vs. 36.77±0.75). However, rectal temperature was similar (P>0.05) among the three pig categories. With the exception of tail length, sexual dimorphism was observed in all the morphometric traits with higher values recorded for males. However, the three thermo-physiological traits were not affected by sex (P>0.05). BW was highly and positively correlated with most biometric traits (r = 0.80-0.93, 0.66-0.80 and 0.83-0.93; P<0.01 for piglets, growers and finishers, respectively). Three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) were extracted for optimal balance of the animals.  Withers height, ear length and body weight were found to be the most discriminating variables to separate the pig categories. Classification results showed that 100% of piglets, 96.7% of growers and 96.7% of finishers were correctly assigned to their distinct populations. The present Information could be exploited in devising appropriate management and breeding programs for tropically adapted pigs in Nigeria.
Morphometric Characterization and Identification of Some Varieties of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) in the Wilaya of Tlemcen
Authors: Rahmani Fatima Zohra , Benyahia Sarah , Bellatreche Amina , Taibi Warda
Published: February 2022

The common pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a perennial tree, drought tolerant, able to growin poor and alkaline soils. It has beenconsidered as one of the oldest and most famous tree. Because of its richness in nutrients andversatile uses, it gained a huge economic interest. This fruit tree has been the subject of significantgenetic improvement globally. However, in Algeria no such improvement program has been undertaken. In order to developnew varieties that match the needed criteria, and to preserve, restore and enhance the diversity of existing genetic material, this study was conducted for morphometric analysis for the identification and characterization of the common pomegranate in the wilaya of Tlemcen. The data werecollected from farmers of five municipalities:Fellaoucen, Remchi, Nedroma, Ghazaouet and Ain Ghrabaon 9(nine) quantitative and 8 (eight) qualitative measurements (based on the recommendations of the Union for the Protection of new varieties of plants),from  five fruis, and 100arils of 65 pomegranates plants,The data were analyzed  using R software following SPSS, The principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical classification (CAH), Shannon and Weaver diversity index, and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were also made. This study revealed the existence of a large morphological diversity
The Possible Regulation Model To Optimize The Automatic Exchange Of Information (Aeoi) In Indonesia Through Directorate General Of Taxation, Ministry Of Finance And Financial Services Authority
Authors: Candini Tivana Arbiani , Marditia Putri Purbasari Raharningtyas , Kelly Kwannaka Kelly , Liany Jeanny
Published: February 2022

Tax Treaty is a bilateral(two-party) agreement made by two or more than two countries to resolve some issues involving double taxation, transfer pricing, and treaty shopping. Several governments and organizations use model treaties generally as starting points, such as OECD Model Convention and US Model Convention. As a member of G20, Indonesia has participated in The Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) provides for the automatic exchange of predefined set of financial accounts information between tax authorities, based on The Common Reporting Standard (CRS), as also mentioned in Tax Information Exchange Agreement (TIEA) implemented in 2018. In order to implement AEoI the Indonesian regulator needs to review the Banking Law and the Tax Provisions and Procedures,  There is an urgent need to regulate a regulation as a standard that will be used in CSR, support the tax reform and to enhance the capacity and the authority of Directorate General of Taxation, Ministry of Finance and Financial Services Authority, while still considering the protection for the Bank Secrecy. This research will formulate a model regulation that can facilitate the implementation of the AEoI, by carrying out a study in 3 countries, which is Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore
Elektrik Direnç Nokta Kaynak Parametrelerinin TWIP/Martenizitik Çeliklerin Kaynağında Porozite Oluşumuna Etkisi
Authors: ÖZEN Fatih , İLHAN Erdinç , ASLANLAR Salim
Published: February 2022

Bu çalışmada, AHSS çelik ailesinden iki önemli çelik olan TWIP ve Martenzitik çeliklerinin birleştirilmesi esnasında oluşan porozite problemi araştırılmıştır. Kaynak akımı ve kaynak süresinin porozite oluşumuna etkisi incelenmiştir. Porozitenin makro ve mikroskopik incelenmesi yapılmış ve porozitenin alan olarak oluşum miktarı kaynak parametreleri açısından incelenerek grafiksel olarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, kaynak süresi ve kaynak akımı arttıkça porozite miktarı artmıştır. En yüksek porozite miktarı 16.2% olarak 30 periyot kaynak süresi ve 12 kA kaynak akımında gerçekleşmiştir.
Perovskite tetragonality modeling for functional properties enhancement using Newtonian search based support vector regression computational method
Authors: Okoye Peter Chibuike , Azi Samuel Ogochukwu , Owolabi Taoreed O.
Published: February 2022

Tetragonality occurs as a result of stretching the crystal structural lattice of perovskite along one of its lattice vectors such that the three axes are mutually perpendicular with two of the axes having equal lengths. This tetragonality distortion easily triggers functional properties such as pyroelectricity, ferroelectricity, capacitance and piezoelectricity among others, while synthesizing functional ceramics for a particular application. This work addresses and circumvents the challenges of experimental stress involved in functional ceramics synthesis by developing Newtonian search based support vector regression (GSB-SVR) model for perovskite tetragonality prediction using dopants concentration and ionic radii as the model predictors. The performance of proposed GSB-SVR model is compared with the existing method and better performance is obtained. The influence of lanthanides and zirconium incorporation on functional ceramics on the material tetragonality is also modeled by the developed GSB-SVR model. The precision of the developed model, its easily fetched predictors  and pre-laboratory ability to effectively and efficiently model the perovskite tetragonality are of high importance in tailoring and enhancing functional properties of materials for desired applications.
Los fluidos relativistas y la filosofía de la ciencia
Authors: Brun-Battistini Dominique
Published: February 2022

Se describe el cambio en un paradigma dentro de las investigaciones realizadas en el campo de la hidrodinámica relativista desde el punto de vista de la teoría cinética, referente fundamentalmente al uso de una ecuación constitutiva diferente. Se relata los obstáculos, esto es, la oposición a la novedad en el mundo académico internacional, haciendo notar que los preceptos de la filosofía de la ciencia de Kuhn y Latour, entre otros, están más vigentes que nunca.
Structure Boundary Separating using Gravity Data for Central and Southern Parts of the East Java Basin Beneath the Quaternary Volcanic Deposits
Authors: Novianto Ardian , Sutanto  , Suharsono  , Prasetyadi Carolus , Setiawan Jatmiko
Published: February 2022

Stratigraphic interpretation shows that the relationship between Cenozoic volcanic rocks deposited in the Southern Mountains and marine clastic volcanic rocks in the Kendeng Basin possibly forms a stratigraphic transition bordered by the major fault that is yet to be defined. The thick Quaternary volcanic deposits obstruct field observation on the surface. Miocene outcrops in limited presence are found on the volcanic slope, positioned relatively more to the north than the same outcrop. This feature indicates major thrusting in southern Java that moved it to the north. The gravity data analysis was used to obtain the field observation and identify the subsurface geology. Total Horizontal Derivative analysis of the gravity data showed a major fault boundary with a relative west-east direction separating the high Bouguer anomaly area in the south from a large negative area of about -50 mGal in the north. Second Vertical Derivative analysis reconstructed the fault slope direction and showed a south-facing slope with a large angle. Based on the combination of the surface data and the subsurface analysis, the boundary is a major fault with a west-east direction on the south side of the Quaternary volcanic range and a south-facing slope. It is interpreted as the result of the compressive tectonics that formed the fold-thrust belt system.
Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Seawater in the Coastal Areas around Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
Authors: Asih Andrea Sumarah , Zamroni Akhmad , Alwi Wahyudiansyah , Sagala Saurina Tua , Putra Adam Sukma
Published: February 2022

Due to anthropogenic influences that can cause heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment, it is essential to know the amounts of heavy metals in coastal seawater to assess the potential damage of the ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to assess heavy metal concentrations (Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn) in seawater in the coastal areas around Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This study will be useful for the assessment and monitoring of marine pollution around the study area. A total of 9 water samples were collected in the close of nine types of coastal land use, namely mangrove ecosystem, tourist attraction, airport, harbor, mining area, bare land, shrimp pond, agricultural land, and settlement around Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province in June 2021. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, and Zn were not detected, concentrations were below the limit of detection. The Pb concentrations at all sampling locations did not comply with seawater quality standards for ports, marine tourism, or marine biota based on the Ministry of Environment Decree No. 51, the year 2004 regulation. The source of Pb in the study area was estimated from anthropogenic and natural sources. The anthropogenic sources were corrosion of junk metal items, automobile traffic, resuspension of lead-contaminated soil dust, boat navigation, painting of boats, a coking coal transport service, fishing port, the supply of fuel, fertilizer, fuel for mining equipment, and transportation of mining activities. While the natural sources were the concentration of Pb contained in iron sand (a part of Quarterly Alluvium) eroded due to waves and wind then mixed in seawater.
The Application of Watershed Delineation Technique and Water Harvesting Analysis to Select and Design Small Dams: A Case Study in Qara-Hanjeer Subbasin, Kirkuk-NE Iraq
Authors: Sadeq Soran N. , Mohammad Juma K.
Published: February 2022

The rainwater harvesting technique is one of the solutions to overcome the effect of water shortage crises in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, the feasibility of using small dams in water harvesting has been examined at Qara- Hanjeer sub-basin that lies east of Kirkuk, N-Iraq with a surface area of 503.88 Km2. Watershed boundary for entire basin has been delineated comparatively by mask method, using hydrology toolset in ArcGIS (10) software. Direct surface runoff is calculated using Soil Conservation Service Curve Number method based on data from Kirkuk meteorological station for the period (1995-2020), information obtained from land use map, and soil type, the basin is divided into six zones with different CN values, Moreover, for average annual rainfall (334.33 mm/year), water surplus was 190.2 mm and surface runoff was 25.77 mm representing 7.708 % of the total rainfall. The runoff depth was 167.03 mm/year and the total annual harvested runoff is 12.99x106 m3 Several temporary and semi-permanent check dams could be built across the valleys, with height (< 3m.). These dams are of low cost, reduce the loss of runoff water, improve agriculture, tourism and add impetus to the ecosystem programs in Qara-Hanjeer city.
Using Pumping Tests and Two Techniques of the Water Balance to Assess the Aquifer Hydraulic Characteristics and the Groundwater Recharge of Shewasoor Sub-Basin Kirkuk, NE Iraq
Authors: Fattah Agha Banaz Adeeb , Al-Tamimi Omer S.
Published: February 2022

Shewasoor sub-Basin represents one of the hydrogeological sub-basins of the Lower Zab River and covers an area of 160 km². It is located between longitude (44º 31' 23.9" – 44º 37' 75") and latitudes (35º 45' 28.9"–35º 48' 59"). The basin is bounded from the north and northeast by the Taqtaq anticline and Chamchamal anticline represents the western and southwest boundaries, while the southeast boundary is a surface water divide with the Al- Khassah River sub-basin. The groundwater distribution levels and movement maps show that the water depths range between 414-862 m a.s.l, and it moves in line with the movement of water surface drainage, as it moves from the east, southeast, south, and southwest (recharge areas) towards the northwest regions, while the water depths vary from the ground level between relatively deep in the southwestern part to medium and shallow in the rest of the parts. An evaluation of the hydraulic characteristic and groundwater recharge by two techniques of the water balance for aquifers of the study area has been carried out. The results showed that the hydraulic properties, transmissivity value ranges between 5.6 - 169 m²/day, the hydraulic conductivity values range between 0.67 - 5.1 m/day, and the storage coefficient values, ranging from the lowest value (0.0013) to the highest value (0.27). The results reflected that the types of the aquifers are unconfined and semi-confined as well as heterogeneous and anisotropic. after analyzing and calculating the climatological parameters of Koya meteorological station as the nearest station to the Shewassor area, showed the water surplus is equal to 333.94 mm which represent 53.8% of the annual rainfall value (628.3mm) and the surface water is equal to 138.5mm as a runoff. 199.44mm (31.74%) out of the annual rainfall is percolated to recharge the aquifers of Shewasoor, while water table fluctuation method WTF showed there are two zones of specific yield in the study area and the groundwater recharge is 232.06mm, so can be said that the 215.8mm is the average of the groundwater recharge in Shewasoor sub-basin. Finally, and by using the groundwater flow net analyzing technique that the amount of groundwater discharged from the study area is about 12 million m3 (MCM) and the renewal groundwater storage is 19.42 million m3 (MCM), which means there is 7.39 million m3 is groundwater can be invested as a safe investment.
Tahap Kepuasan Pelajar Terhadap Aplikasi Dalam Talian Dan Si-kap Pensyarah Dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Di Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Semasa Pandemik Covid-19
Authors: Kirin Arwansyah bin , Ismail Faisal Husen , Masruri Muhammad , Marpuah Siti , Ahmad Hafizah Binti , Wan Zahari Wan Shahira Mardhiah binti
Published: February 2022

The era of the Covid-19 pandemic that hit the whole country clearly had a huge impact on the world community in all sectors. Malaysia is no exception to face the disruptive effects of this pandemic, especially on education issues. Therefore, Malaysia had to take drastic measures to curb the spread of this pandemic by enforcing the Movement Control Order (MCO). Among the main essence of MCO is the directive to close institutions of higher education. This matter will cause a huge impact on the country's education system. Therefore, an initiative that is teaching and learning (PdP) virtually or online is fully implemented in the country to ensure that learning activities do not stop due to the spread of this pandemic. The study found that students began to lose interest in virtual learning. Students begin to feel less confident with online learning sessions. Indirectly, student’s disciplinary problems will increase thus affecting student’s mental health issues. In addition, new norms in living have had a negative impact on student’s learning sessions with lecturers. The attitude of lecturers who do not understand the situation of students is the main challenge of online learning sessions. It will be a problem that students will begin to lose focus, not be able to follow the rhythm of learning and eventually will drop out of knowledge. This study is focusing on student satisfaction with online applications and lecturer’s attitudes towards students should be conducted. Therefore, this study aims to examine the level of student’s satisfaction with online applications and the attitudes of lecturers in distance learning. To achieve this objective, the researcher uses a quantitative method to conduct a survey through a questionnaire using Google Form. This study took a sample of students from Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor consisting of undergraduate and diploma students. Data collection through Google Form is channeled using the medium of Whatsapp, Telegram and e-mail. This data analysis uses the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS 2.3) to strengthen the study. The results of the study found that the students have high satisfaction with the online application conducted by UTHM during Online Distance Learning (ODL). Similarly, the level of satisfaction of the students towards the attitude of the lecturers who were seen to be very satisfied during the learning sessions.
The Gap between the Graduates of the University & the Labour Market Requirements (Graduates of Linguistics & Translation of Department of Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka as a Sample)
Authors: Munas Mohamed Haneefa Abdul , Abd. Rahman Akmal Khuzairy Bin , Mahsoom Abdul Rauff Mohamed
Published: February 2022

This study aims to analyze employability of the graduates of the linguistics and translation of Department of Arabic Language, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. It attempts to answer an important question: do the graduates meet the demands of the labor market? Following a vigorous thematic analysis of the qualitative perceptions of the selected graduates, the study finds that there is a widening gap between the skills of the graduates and the expectations of the labor market. The paper identified several reasons for that phenomenon through critically analyzing the available data. As such, firstly, the graduates perceive that overall curriculum of the course, under which they were trained, is not compatible with the national and international standards. Secondly, the course does not focus enough on providing its students with the required level of practical training in this field of study. Thirdly, they highlighted that natural incompetency of the graduates in terms of grasping the linguistic skills also prevents some from meeting the demands of labor market. Based on the analysis, finally, the paper suggests that existing curriculum needs to be improved in line with the national and international standards and the Department should incorporate the experts of the field in that process. and this paper further recommends that student recruitment process for this course must be further scrutinized and critically reevaluated to ensure that only those who are competent, are allowed to enroll in the course.
The Position of Leaning Forward to Reduce Breathing of COPD Patients: Literature Review
Authors: Riri Maria Riri
Published: February 2022

COPD patients often experience shortness of breath as a result of inflammation in the lungs that develops in the long term. COPD is generally characterized by difficulty breathing, coughing with phlegm, and wheezing or wheezing. In this condition, the patient often finds a comfortable position to reduce shortness of breath. The aim of this study was to look at appropriate and effective interventions in reducing spasms in COPD patients. This literature study was created by analyzing scientific articles, at least in retrospective research from 2012 to 2020 and in English. Data obtained from databases include Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, Proquest and Google Scholar with the keywords position for breathing in COPD, position forward lean trunk for short breathing in COPD, and best position for COPD. The results of this literature obtained 5 articles that match the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results have been found that the forward leaning position is effective in reducing shortness of breath in COPD patients because of the involvement of the respiratory accessory muscles so that the pulmonary ventilation process is good.
ANALISIS KONDISI EKSISTING JALAN LINGKAR SELATAN KOTA SERANG (STUDI KASUS: SEGMEN DEPAN INDOMARET–SPBU CIRACAS)
Authors: Shomad Abdush , Artiwi Nila Prasetyo , Sari Fitri Aida
Published: February 2022

Kota Serang sebagai pusat pemerintahan dan pusat administrasi di Provinsi Banten memiliki pengaruh secara langsung terhadap tingkat kepadatan lalu lintas di Kota Serang. Hal ini terlihat pada Jalan Lingkar Selatan yang menjadi jalan strategis sekaligus alternatif karena meng-hubungkan dengan Pusat Pemerintahan Provinsi Banten/KP3B, pusat Kota Serang, Kampus UPI, dan penghubung ke daerah industri Kota Cilegon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja Jalan Lingkar Selatan ruas persimpangan Sayabulu–persimpangan Ciracas tepatnya segmen depan Indomaret–SPBU Ciracas pada kondisi eksisting dan 20 tahun men-datang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif menggunakan metode Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia/MKJI 1997. Berdasarkan hasil survei lapangan diperoleh nilai arus lalu lintas tertinggi terjadi pada hari kerja. Berdasarkan analisis perhitungan diperoleh nilai arus puncak harian (Q) sebesar 1868,2 smp/jam untuk kedua arah dan nilai kapasitas (C) sebesar 2203,7 smp/jam, nilai derajat kejenuhan (DS) sebesar 0,85 untuk kedua arah dengan tingkat pelayanan (LOS) kategori D pada kondisi eksisting. Berdasarkan hasil survei dan analisis perhitungan, perlu dilakukan upaya peningkatan kinerja lalu lintas baik secara kuantitatif maupun kualitatif.

Kata kunci: Jalan Lingkar Selatan, Kondisi Eksisting, Kinerja Ruas Jalan
Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu tentang Pencegahan Covid-19 pada Balita di Praktik Bidan Mandiri Romauli Medan Marelan Tahun 2021
Authors: Gori Ariyanti
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh sindrom pernapasan akut coronavirus 2. Gejala pada anak yang terkonfirmasi Covid-19 muncul gejala yaitu hidung tersumbat, demam, batuk kering nyeri tenggorokan, nyeri dada, nyeri perut, muntah, mual, dan diare. Klasifikasi berdasarkan usia pada anak yang menderita covid-19 adalah 5,8% berusia 6-17 tahun dan 2,3% balita (0-5) tahun . Angka kesembuhan untuk balita yaitu 2,3% dan angka kematiannya 0,9%. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui  tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap ibu tentang pencegahan covid-19 pada balita di Praktik Bidan Mandiri(PBM) Romauli Tahun 2021.
Metode: Metode penelitian adalah survey deskriptif dengan menggunakan teknik sample purposive sampling. Sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu semua ibu yang memiliki balita yang melakukan kunjungan di PBM Romauli pada bulan April Tahun 2021 sebanyak 30 orang.
Hasil. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa dari 30 orang responden terdapat 28 responden (93,3%) yang memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan 2 responden (6,7%) memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup dan sikap ibu tentang pencegahan covid-19 sebesar 96,7. Oleh karena itu, disarankan kepada semua ibu yang memililki balita selalu meningkatkan pengetahuan maupun sikap agar dapat menerapkan tindakan pencegahan covid-19 pada balita dengan baik