bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Thermal Modification Temperature of Spruce Wood and the Cutting and Fracture Parameters
Authors: Hlásková Luďka , Procházka Jiří , Novák Vít , Čermák Petr , Kopecký Zdeněk
Published: October 2021

This work examines the effect of thermal modification temperatures in the production of thermally modified wood on the cutting and fracture parameters when cutting heat-treated spruce wood by a circular sawblade machine. The samples were thermally modified at 160, 180, 200, and 220 °C. One sample was unmodified and was used as a reference sample. On the basis of the performed experiments, the fracture parameters (fracture toughness and shear yield strength) were calculated for the axial–perpendicular direction of cutting. In comparison with the theoretical assumptions, the influence of temperature on the cutting and fracture parameters was confirmed. Thermally treated wood is characterized by increased fragility and susceptibility to crack formation, as well as reduced density, bending strength, and shear strength. These properties significantly affect the size of the cutting force and feed force, as well as the fracture parameters. As the temperature increases, the values of these parameters decrease. The mentioned material characteristics could be useful for the optimization of the cutting process, as well as for the issue of energy consumption during the machining of heat-treated wood.
Gemological Characteristic Difference between Colorless CVD Synthetic Diamonds and Natural Diamonds
Authors: Lu Qi , Gong Huaiyu , Guo Qingfeng , Huang Xuren , Cai Jiayi
Published: October 2021

CVD synthetic diamond plays an important role in the jewelry market due to its excellent performance and low cost. In this paper, colorless CVD synthetic diamonds produced by a Chinese company were investigated in detail with their gemological, spectroscopic, and luminescent properties compared with natural colorless diamonds. Compared with natural diamonds, CVD synthetic diamonds have high-order interference color and more apparent abnormal birefringence. The results of infrared spectra indicate that all the CVD samples are classified as type IIa, while the natural samples belong to type Ia. The CVD samples show lamellar growth and mottled luminescence pattern and have blue, orange red, purple red, and blue fluorescence, respectively, while most of the natural samples show blue fluorescence. CVD diamonds show lamellar growth structure, and natural diamonds show irregular ring-like growth structure. Thus, multiple methods combined with analysis are required to distinguish synthetic diamonds from natural diamonds. This work provides an experimental basis for the identification of CVD synthetic diamonds.
Electronic Waste Low-Temperature Processing: An Alternative Thermochemical Pretreatment to Improve Component Separation
Authors: Oliveira Juliana S. S. , Hacha Ronald R. , d’Almeida Felipe S. , Almeida Caroline A. , Moura Francisco J. , Brocchi Eduardo A. , Souza Rodrigo F. M.
Published: October 2021

The production of electronic waste due to technological development, economic growth and increasing population has been rising fast, pushing for solutions before the environmental pressure achieves unprecedented levels. Recently, it was observed that many extractive metallurgy alternatives had been considered to recover value from this type of waste. Regarding pyrometallurgy, little is known about the low-temperature processing applied before fragmentation and subsequent component separation. Therefore, the present manuscript studies such alternative based on scanning electron microscopy characterization. The sample used in the study was supplied by a local recycling center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mass loss was constant at around 30% for temperatures higher than 300 °C. Based on this fact, the waste material was then submitted to low-temperature processing at 350 °C followed by attrition disassembling, size classification, and magnetic concentration steps. In the end, this first report of the project shows that 15% of the sample was recovered with metallic components with high economic value, such as Cu, Ni, and Au, indicating that such methods could be an interesting alternative to be explored in the future for the development of alternative electronic waste extraction routes.
Effects of Short-Term Ageing Temperature on Conventional and High-Temperature Properties of Paving-Grade Bitumen with Anti-Stripping and WMA Additives
Authors: Maciejewski Krzysztof , Ramiączek Piotr , Remisova Eva
Published: October 2021

The presented study explores the effects of decreased temperatures utilized in rolling thin-film oven (RTFOT) laboratory short-term ageing of asphalt binders based on 35/50- and 50/70-penetration paving-grade bitumen. Additionally, the effects of three additives used with these binders at different concentrations are evaluated: liquid anti-stripping agent, liquid warm-mix additive, and solid warm-mix additive. The resulting asphalt binders were subjected to basic (penetration at 25 °C, softening point, dynamic viscosity) and functional high-temperature characterization (G*/sin(δ), high critical temperature, non-recoverable creep compliance). It was found that the decreased short-term ageing temperatures may detrimentally impact the high-temperature grade of bituminous binders, but this effect can be mitigated by the use of appropriate additives. What is more, it was found that bituminous binders may respond differently to the aforementioned factors. Based on the results, it is advised that asphalt binders intended for use in warm-mix asphalts should be thoroughly tested to appropriately simulate the mixture production process and its effects.
Comparable Studies of Financial Bankruptcy Prediction Using Advanced Hybrid Intelligent Classification Models to Provide Early Warning in the Electronics Industry
Authors: Chen You-Shyang , Lin Chien-Ku , Lo Chih-Min , Chen Su-Fen , Liao Qi-Jun
Published: October 2021

In recent years in Taiwan, scholars who study financial bankruptcy have mostly focused on individual listed and over-the-counter (OTC) industries or the entire industry, while few have studied the independent electronics industry. Thus, this study investigated the application of an advanced hybrid Z-score bankruptcy prediction model in selecting financial ratios of listed companies in eight related electronics industries (semiconductor, computer, and peripherals, photoelectric, communication network, electronic components, electronic channel, information service, and other electronics industries) using data from 2000 to 2019. Based on 22 financial ratios of condition attributes and one decision attribute recommended and selected by experts and in the literature, this study used five classifiers for binary logistic regression analysis and in the decision tree. The experimental results show that for the Z-score model, samples analyzed using the five classifiers in five groups (1:1–5:1) of different ratios of companies, the bagging classifier scores are worse (40.82%) than when no feature selection method is used, while the logistic regression classifier and decision tree classifier (J48) result in better scores. However, it is significant that the bagging classifier score improved to over 90% after using the feature selection technique. In conclusion, it was found that the feature selection method can be effectively applied to improve the prediction accuracy, and three financial ratios (the liquidity ratio, debt ratio, and fixed assets turnover ratio) are identified as being the most important determinants affecting the prediction of financial bankruptcy in providing a useful reference for interested parties to evaluate capital allocation to avoid high investment risks.
An Intelligent Metaheuristic Binary Pigeon Optimization-Based Feature Selection and Big Data Classification in a MapReduce Environment
Authors: Abukhodair Felwa , Alsaggaf Wafaa , Jamal Amani Tariq , Abdel-Khalek Sayed , Mansour Romany F.
Published: October 2021

Big Data are highly effective for systematically extracting and analyzing massive data. It can be useful to manage data proficiently over the conventional data handling approaches. Recently, several schemes have been developed for handling big datasets with several features. At the same time, feature selection (FS) methodologies intend to eliminate repetitive, noisy, and unwanted features that degrade the classifier results. Since conventional methods have failed to attain scalability under massive data, the design of new Big Data classification models is essential. In this aspect, this study focuses on the design of metaheuristic optimization based on big data classification in a MapReduce (MOBDC-MR) environment. The MOBDC-MR technique aims to choose optimal features and effectively classify big data. In addition, the MOBDC-MR technique involves the design of a binary pigeon optimization algorithm (BPOA)-based FS technique to reduce the complexity and increase the accuracy. Beetle antenna search (BAS) with long short-term memory (LSTM) model is employed for big data classification. The presented MOBDC-MR technique has been realized on Hadoop with the MapReduce programming model. The effective performance of the MOBDC-MR technique was validated using a benchmark dataset and the results were investigated under several measures. The MOBDC-MR technique demonstrated promising performance over the other existing techniques under different dimensions.
Soft ωp-Open Sets and Soft ωp-Continuity in Soft Topological Spaces
Authors: Al Ghour Samer
Published: October 2021

We define soft ωp-openness as a strong form of soft pre-openness. We prove that the class of soft ωp-open sets is closed under soft union and do not form a soft topology, in general. We prove that soft ωp-open sets which are countable are soft open sets, and we prove that soft pre-open sets which are soft ω-open sets are soft ωp-open sets. In addition, we give a decomposition of soft ωp-open sets in terms of soft open sets and soft ω-dense sets. Moreover, we study the correspondence between the soft topology soft ωp-open sets in a soft topological space and its generated topological spaces, and vice versa. In addition to these, we define soft ωp-continuous functions as a new class of soft mappings which lies strictly between the classes of soft continuous functions and soft pre-continuous functions. We introduce several characterizations for soft pre-continuity and soft ωp-continuity. Finally, we study several relationships related to soft ωp-continuity.
Nature-Inspired Metaheuristic Techniques for Combinatorial Optimization Problems: Overview and Recent Advances
Authors: Rahman Md Ashikur , Sokkalingam Rajalingam , Othman Mahmod , Biswas Kallol , Abdullah Lazim , Abdul Kadir Evizal
Published: October 2021

Combinatorial optimization problems are often considered NP-hard problems in the field of decision science and the industrial revolution. As a successful transformation to tackle complex dimensional problems, metaheuristic algorithms have been implemented in a wide area of combinatorial optimization problems. Metaheuristic algorithms have been evolved and modified with respect to the problem nature since it was recommended for the first time. As there is a growing interest in incorporating necessary methods to develop metaheuristics, there is a need to rediscover the recent advancement of metaheuristics in combinatorial optimization. From the authors’ point of view, there is still a lack of comprehensive surveys on current research directions. Therefore, a substantial part of this paper is devoted to analyzing and discussing the modern age metaheuristic algorithms that gained popular use in mostly cited combinatorial optimization problems such as vehicle routing problems, traveling salesman problems, and supply chain network design problems. A survey of seven different metaheuristic algorithms (which are proposed after 2000) for combinatorial optimization problems is carried out in this study, apart from conventional metaheuristics like simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, and tabu search. These metaheuristics have been filtered through some key factors like easy parameter handling, the scope of hybridization as well as performance efficiency. In this study, a concise description of the framework of the selected algorithm is included. Finally, a technical analysis of the recent trends of implementation is discussed, along with the impacts of algorithm modification on performance, constraint handling strategy, the handling of multi-objective situations using hybridization, and future research opportunities.
An Application of Neutrosophic Set to Relative Importance Assignment in AHP
Authors: Harnpornchai Napat , Wonggattaleekam Wiriyaporn
Published: October 2021

The paper addresses a new facet of problem regarding the application of AHP in the real world. There are occasions that decision makers are not certain about relative importance assignment in pairwise comparison. The decision makers think the relative importance is among a set of scales, each of which is associated with a different possibility degree. A Discrete Single Valued Neutrosophic Number (DSVNN) with specified degrees of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity is employed to represent each assignment by taking into account all possible scales according to the decision maker’s thought. Each DSVNN assignment is transformed into a crisp value via a deneutrosophication using a similarity-to-absolute-truth measure. The obtained crisp scales are input to a pairwise comparison matrix for further analysis. The proposed neutrosophic set-based relative importance assignment is another additional novelty of the paper, which is different from all prior studies focusing only on the definition of measurement scales. The presented assignment emulates the real-world approach of decision making in human beings which may consider more than one possibility. It is also shown herein that the single and crisp relative importance assignment in the original AHP by Saaty is just a special case of the proposed methodology. The sensitivity analysis informs that when decision makers have neither absolute truth nor falsity about a scale, the proposed methodology is recommended for obtaining reliable relative importance scale. The applicability of the proposed methodology to the real-world problem is shown through the investment in equity market.
On K-Means Clustering with IVIF Datasets for Post-COVID-19 Recovery Efforts
Authors: Ocampo Lanndon , Aro Joerabell Lourdes , Evangelista Samantha Shane , Maturan Fatima , Selerio Egberto , Atibing Nadine May , Yamagishi Kafferine
Published: October 2021

The recovery efforts of the tourism and hospitality sector are compromised by the emergence of COVID-19 variants that can escape vaccines. Thus, maintaining non-pharmaceutical measures amidst massive vaccine rollouts is still relevant. The previous works which categorize tourist sites and restaurants according to the perceived degree of tourists’ and customers’ exposure to COVID-19 are deemed relevant for sectoral recovery. Due to the subjectivity of predetermining categories, along with the failure of capturing vagueness and uncertainty in the evaluation process, this work explores the use k-means clustering with dataset values expressed as interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets. In addition, the proposed method allows for the incorporation of criteria (or attribute) weights into the dataset, often not considered in traditional k-means clustering but relevant in clustering problems with attributes having varying priorities. Two previously reported case studies were analyzed to demonstrate the proposed approach, and comparative and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results show that the priorities of the criteria in evaluating tourist sites remain the same. However, in evaluating restaurants, customers put emphasis on the physical characteristics of the restaurants. The proposed approach assigns 12, 15, and eight sites to the “low exposure”, “moderate exposure”, and “high exposure” cluster, respectively, each with distinct characteristics. On the other hand, 16 restaurants are assigned “low exposure”, 16 to “moderate exposure”, and eight to “high exposure” clusters, also with distinct characteristics. The characteristics described in the clusters offer meaningful insights for sectoral recovery efforts. Findings also show that the proposed approach is robust to small parameter changes. Although idiosyncrasies exist in the results of both case studies, considering the characteristics of the resulting clusters, tourists or customers could evaluate any tourist site or restaurant according to their perceived exposure to COVID-19.
Provision of Palliative Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Ambulatory Care Organizations in the United States
Authors: Lieneck Cristian , Betancourt Jose , Daemen Cynthia , Eich Rhiannon , Monty Elisabeth , Petty Mindy Jo
Published: October 2021

Background and objectives: Ambulatory (outpatient) healthcare organizations continue to respond to the COVID-19 global pandemic using an array of initiatives to sustain a continuity of palliative care. Continuance of palliative care during major crises has been previously accomplished; however, the global pandemic presents new challenges to the US healthcare industry. Materials and methods: This systematic review queried four research databases to identify applicable studies related to the provision of palliative care during the pandemic in outpatient organizations within the United States. Results: There are two primary facilitators for the ongoing provision of palliative care for the outpatient segment of the United States healthcare industry: technology and advanced care planning. Researchers also identified two primary barriers in the outpatient setting impacting the continuance of palliative care: lack of resources and accessibility to care. Conclusions: This systematic review identified facilitators and barriers for palliative care initiatives in the United States that can further assist future outpatient (ambulatory care) providers at a global level as the pandemic and associated public health initiatives continue.
Prediction of Judkins Left Catheter Size during Left Transradial Coronary Angiography by Simple Chest Radiographic and Echocardiographic Index
Authors: Kwon Seong-Soon , Park Byoung-Won , Bang Duk-Won , Lee Min-Ho , Hyon Min-Su , Lee Seong-Soo
Published: October 2021

Background and Objectives: Appropriate catheter selection when conducting transradial coronary angiography (CAG) helps shorten examination time, preventing vascular complications and lowering medical expense. However, catheter selection is made based on the practitioner’s experience in almost all cases. Therefore, we undertook this study to define radiologic and echocardiographic indices that would enable physicians to anticipate appropriate catheter selection. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 244 undergoing transradial diagnostic CAG at an established center from February 2006 to April 2014. Patients who successfully underwent angiography with a JL3.5 catheter were defined as the control group, and patients who successfully underwent angiography after the catheter was replaced with a JL4.0 or higher were defined as the switched group. To identify predictors for appropriate catheter selection, radiologic and echocardiographic indices were analyzed. Results: A total of 122 patients in the switched group and 122 patients in the control group were analyzed in this study. Average age was 64.65 ± 8.6 years. In the radiographic index, the switched group exhibited a significantly higher mediastinal-thoracic ratio (0.27 ± 0.05 vs. 0.23 ± 0.03, p < 0.001. Additionally, the mediastinal-cardiac ratio was significantly greater in the switched group (0.50 ± 0.08 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05, p < 0.001). Aortic root diameter, which is used here as the echocardiographic index, was significantly larger in the switched group compared to the control group (34.94 ± 4.18 mm vs. 32.66 ± 3.99 mm, p < 0.001). In the multivariable logistic regression model, mediastinal-cardiac ratio (OR 5.197, 95% CI 2.608–10.355, p < 0.001) and increased aortic root (OR 2.115, 95% CI 1.144–3.912, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with catheter change. Conclusions: Mediastinal-cardiac ratio and aortic root diameter provide helpful and effective indices for appropriate catheter selection during transradial coronary angiography.
Can We Predict Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Behavior? Role of Genetic and Molecular Markers
Authors: Niciporuka Rita , Nazarovs Jurijs , Ozolins Arturs , Narbuts Zenons , Miklasevics Edvins , Gardovskis Janis
Published: October 2021

Thyroid cancer is ranked in ninth place among all the newly diagnosed cancer cases in 2020. Differentiated thyroid cancer behavior can vary from indolent to extremely aggressive. Currently, predictions of cancer prognosis are mainly based on clinicopathological features, which are direct consequences of cell and tissue microenvironment alterations. These alterations include genetic changes, cell cycle disorders, estrogen receptor expression abnormalities, enhanced epithelial-mesenchymal transition, extracellular matrix degradation, increased hypoxia, and consecutive neovascularization. All these processes are represented by specific genetic and molecular markers, which can further predict thyroid cancer development, progression, and prognosis. In conclusion, evaluation of cancer genetic and molecular patterns, in addition to clinicopathological features, can contribute to the identification of patients with a potentially worse prognosis. It is essential since it plays a crucial role in decision-making regarding initial surgery, postoperative treatment, and follow-up. To date, there is a large diversity in methodologies used in different studies, frequently leading to contradictory results. To evaluate the true significance of predictive markers, more comparable studies should be conducted.
Detection of Clinical and Subclinical Lumpy Skin Disease Using Ear Notch Testing and Skin Biopsies
Authors: Aerts Laetitia , Haegeman Andy , De Leeuw Ilse , Philips Wannes , Van Campe Willem , Behaeghel Isabelle , Mostin Laurent , De Clercq Kris
Published: October 2021

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) diagnosis is primarily based on clinical surveillance complemented by PCR of lesion crusts or nodule biopsies. Since LSD can be subclinical, the sensitivity of clinical surveillance could be lower than expected. Furthermore, real-time PCR for the detection of LSD viral DNA in blood samples from subclinical animals is only intermittently positive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate an acceptable, easily applicable and more sensitive testing method for the detection of clinical and subclinical LSD. An animal experiment was conducted to investigate ear notches and biopsies from unaffected skin taken from the neck and dorsal back as alternatives to blood samples. It was concluded that for early LSD confirmation, normal skin biopsies and ear notches are less fit for purpose, as LSDV DNA is only detectable in these samples several days after it is detectable in blood samples. On the other hand, blood samples are less advisable for the detection of subclinical animals, while ear notches and biopsies were positive for LSD viral DNA in all subclinically infected animals by 16 days post infection. In conclusion, ear notches could be used for surveillance to detect subclinical animals after removing the clinical animals from a herd, to regain trade by substantiating the freedom of disease or to support research on LSDV transmission from subclinical animals.
Novel Phage-Derived Depolymerase with Activity against Proteus mirabilis Biofilms
Authors: Rice Cormac J. , Kelly Stephen A. , O’Brien Seamus C. , Melaugh Erinn M. , Ganacias Jan C. B. , Chai Zheng Hua , Gilmore Brendan F. , Skvortsov Timofey
Published: October 2021

The adherence of Proteus mirabilis to the surface of urinary catheters leads to colonization and eventual blockage of the catheter lumen by unique crystalline biofilms produced by these opportunistic pathogens, making P. mirabilis one of the leading causes of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The Proteus biofilms reduce efficiency of antibiotic-based treatment, which in turn increases the risk of antibiotic resistance development. Bacteriophages and their enzymes have recently become investigated as alternative treatment options. In this study, a novel Proteus bacteriophage (vB_PmiS_PM-CJR) was isolated from an environmental sample and fully characterized. The phage displayed depolymerase activity and the subsequent genome analysis revealed the presence of a pectate lyase domain in its tail spike protein. The protein was heterologously expressed and purified; the ability of the purified tail spike to degrade Proteus biofilms was tested. We showed that the application of the tail spike protein was able to reduce the adherence of bacterial biofilm to plastic pegs in a MBEC (minimum biofilm eradication concentration) assay and improve the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with Proteus mirabilis. Our study is the first to successfully isolate and characterize a biofilm depolymerase from a Proteus phage, demonstrating the potential of this group of enzymes in treatment of Proteus infections.
Fractionation of Regenerated Silk Fibroin and Characterization of the Fractions
Authors: Aoki Masaaki , Masuda Yu , Ishikawa Kota , Tamada Yasushi
Published: October 2021

The molecular weight (MW) of regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) decreases during degumming and dissolving processes. Although MW and the MW distribution generally affect polymer material processability and properties, few reports have described studies examining the influences of MW and the distribution on silk fibroin (SF) material. To prepare different MW SF fractions, the appropriate conditions for fractionation of RSF by ammonium sulfate (AS) precipitation process were investigated. The MW and the distribution of each fraction were found using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After films of the fractionated SFs formed, the secondary structure, surface properties, and cell proliferation of films were evaluated. Nanofiber nonwoven mats and 3D porous sponges were fabricated using the fractionated SF aqueous solution. Then, their structures and mechanical properties were analyzed. The results showed AS precipitation using a dialysis membrane at low temperature to be a suitable fractionation method for RSF. Moreover, MW affects the nanofiber and sponge morphology and mechanical properties, although no influence of MW was observed on the secondary structure or crystallinity of the fabricated materials.
Encapsulation of Dyes in Luminescent Metal-Organic Frameworks for White Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Khurshid Aaqib , Sohail Muhammad , Qiu Weidong , Cao Derong , Su Shi-Jian
Published: October 2021

The development of white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) holds great promise for replacing traditional lighting devices due to high efficiency, low energy consumption and long lifetime. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with a wide range of luminescent behaviors are ideal candidates to produce white light emission in the phosphor-converted WLEDs. Encapsulation of emissive organic dyes is a simple way to obtain luminescent MOFs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the design and constructions of dye encapsulated luminescent MOFs phosphors. Different strategies are highlighted where white light emitting phosphors were obtained by combining fluorescent dyes with metal ions and linkers.
NanoSafe III: A User Friendly Safety Management System for Nanomaterials in Laboratories and Small Facilities
Authors: Buitrago Elina , Novello Anna Maria , Fink Alke , Riediker Michael , Rothen-Rutishauser Barbara , Meyer Thierry
Published: October 2021

Research in nanoscience continues to bring forward a steady stream of new nanomaterials and processes that are being developed and marketed. While scientific committees and expert groups deal with the harmonization of terminology and legal challenges, risk assessors in research labs continue to have to deal with the gap between regulations and rapidly developing information. The risk assessment of nanomaterial processes is currently slow and tedious because it is performed on a material-by-material basis. Safety data sheets are rarely available for (new) nanomaterials, and even when they are, they often lack nano-specific information. Exposure estimations or measurements are difficult to perform and require sophisticated and expensive equipment and personal expertise. The use of banding-based risk assessment tools for laboratory environments is an efficient way to evaluate the occupational risks associated with nanomaterials. Herein, we present an updated version of our risk assessment tool for working with nanomaterials based on a three-step control banding approach and the precautionary principle. The first step is to determine the hazard band of the nanomaterial. A decision tree allows the assignment of the material to one of three bands based on known or expected effects on human health. In the second step, the work exposure is evaluated and the processes are classified into three “nano” levels for each specific hazard band. The work exposure is estimated using a laboratory exposure model. The result of this calculation in combination with recommended occupational exposure limits (rOEL) for nanomaterials and an additional safety factor gives the final “nano” level. Finally, we update the technical, organizational, and personal protective measures to allow nanomaterial processes to be established in research environments.
Reply to Berk et al. Comment on “Moriconi et al. Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet as a Safe and Valuable Tool for Long-Term Glycemic Management in Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021, 13, 758”
Authors: Moriconi Eleonora , Camajani Elisabetta , Fabbri Andrea , Lenzi Andrea , Caprio Massimiliano
Published: October 2021

We thank the authors of the comment [...]
Stress Responsiveness and Emotional Eating Depend on Youngsters’ Chronic Stress Level and Overweight
Authors: Wijnant Kathleen , Klosowska Joanna , Braet Caroline , Verbeken Sandra , De Henauw Stefaan , Vanhaecke Lynn , Michels Nathalie
Published: October 2021

The persistent coexistence of stress and paediatric obesity involves interrelated psychophysiological mechanisms, which are believed to function as a vicious circle. Here, a key mechanistic role is assumed for stress responsiveness and eating behaviour. After a stress induction by the Trier Social Stress Test in youngsters (n = 137, 50.4% boys, 6–18 years), specifically those high in chronic stress level and overweight (partial η2 = 0.03–0.07) exhibited increased stress vulnerability (stronger relative salivary cortisol reactivity and weaker happiness recovery) and higher fat/sweet snack intake, compared to the normal-weight and low-stress reference group. Stress responsiveness seems to stimulate unhealthy and emotional eating, i.e., strong cortisol reactivity was linked to higher fat/sweet snack intake (β = 0.22) and weak autonomic system recovery was linked to high total and fat/sweet snack intake (β = 0.2–0.3). Additionally, stress responsiveness acted as a moderator. As a result, stress responsiveness and emotional eating might be targets to prevent stress-induced overweight.
Assessment of Risk Factors Associated with Cardiovascular Diseases in Overweight Women
Authors: Castro María-José , Jiménez José-María , López María , Cao María-José , Durán Manuel , Albertos Irene , García Sara , Ruiz-Tovar Jaime
Published: October 2021

The assessment of anthropometric variables has been shown to be useful as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in overweight and obese patients. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the relationship between breast volume and body mass index as an indicator of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women with overweight and mild obesity. A prospective observational study of 93 premenopausal women was performed. Evaluation of anthropometric measures included age, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, breast projection, and ptosis. Cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score, the triglycerides/HDL cholesterol ratio and the waist-hip ratio. Ninety-three women were included, with a mean 36.4 ± 7.5 years. Mean BMI was 27.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2, waist-to-Hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07, and mammary volume was 1045 ± 657.4 cm3. Mean body fat mass was 30.6 + 3.6% and mean visceral fat was 6.6 + 3.2%. The mean triglycerides to HDL ratio was 1.7 ± 0.8 and waist-to-hip ratio was 0.8 ± 0.07. Breast volume related to body mass index can be used as a predictor of cardiovascular risk in premenopausal women who are overweight and mildly obese.
Chrysanthemum morifolium Flower Extract Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Increases the Muscle Mitochondria Content and AMPK/SIRT1 Activities in Obese Rats
Authors: Lee Yoonjin , Lee Jaerin , Lee Mak-Soon , Chang Eugene , Kim Yangha
Published: October 2021

Decreased energy expenditure and chronically positive energy balance contribute to the prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions, such as dyslipidemia, hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and muscle mitochondrial defects. We investigated the effects of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat flower extract (CE) on obesity-induced inflammation and muscle mitochondria changes. Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and fed either a normal diet, 45% high-fat diet (HF), HF containing 0.2% CE, or 0.4% CE for 13 weeks. CE alleviated HF-increased adipose tissue mass and size, dyslipidemia, hepatic fat deposition, and systematic inflammation, and increased energy expenditure. CE significantly decreased gene expression involved in adipogenesis, pro-inflammation, and the M1 macrophage phenotype, as well as glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activities in epididymal adipose tissue. Moreover, CE supplementation improved hepatic fat accumulation and modulated gene expression related to fat synthesis and oxidation with an increase in adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity in the liver. Furthermore, CE increased muscle mitochondrial size, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, and gene expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis and function, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and PGC-1α-target genes, along with AMPK-SIRT1 activities in the skeletal muscle. These results suggest that CE attenuates obesity-associated inflammation by modulating the muscle AMPK-SIRT1 pathway.
The Effects of Specific Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Antioxidant Vitamins on Gait and Functional Capacity Parameters in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Aristotelous Panayiotis , Stefanakis Manos , Pantzaris Marios , Pattichis Constantinos S. , Calder Philip C. , Patrikios Ioannis S. , Sakkas Giorgos K. , Giannaki Christoforos D.
Published: October 2021

Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterized by, among other symptoms, impaired functional capacity and walking difficulties. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been found to improve MS patients’ clinical outcomes; however, their effect on other parameters associated with daily living activities need further investigation. The current study aimed to examine the effect of a 24-month supplementation with a cocktail dietary supplement formula, the NeuroaspisTM PLP10, containing specific omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs and specific antioxidant vitamins on gait and functional capacity parameters of patients with MS. Fifty-one relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients with low disability scores (age: 38.4 ± 7.1 years; 30 female) were randomized 1:1 to receive either a 20 mL daily dose of the dietary formula containing a mixture of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs (12,150 mg), vitamin A (0.6 mg), vitamin E (22 mg), and γ-tocopherol (760 mg), the OMEGA group (n = 27; age: 39 ± 8.3 years), or 20 mL placebo containing virgin olive oil, the placebo group (n = 24; age: 37.8 ± 5.3 years). The mean ± SD (standard deviation) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score for the placebo group was 2.36 and for the OMEGA group 2.22. All enrolled patients in the study were on Interferon-β treatment. Spatiotemporal gait parameters and gait deviation index (GDI) were assessed using a motion capture system. Functional capacity was examined using various functional tests such as the six-minute walk test (6MWT), two sit-to-stand tests (STS-5 and STS-60), and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). Isometric handgrip strength was assessed by a dynamometer. Leg strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. All assessments were performed at baseline and at 12 and 24 months of supplementation. A total of 36 patients completed the study (18 from each group). Six patients from the placebo group and 9 patients from the OMEGA group dropped out from the study or were lost to follow-up. The dietary supplement significantly improved the single support time and the step and stride time (p < 0.05), both spatiotemporal gait parameters. In addition, while GDI of the placebo group decreased by about 10% at 24 months, it increased by about 4% in the OMEGA group (p < 0.05). Moreover, performance in the STS-60 test improved in the OMEGA group (p < 0.05) and there was a tendency for improvement in the 6MWT and TUG tests. Long-term supplementation with high dosages of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs (compared to previous published clinical studies using PUFAs) and specific antioxidant vitamins improved some functional capacity and gait parameters in RRMS patients.
Does Acute Caffeine Supplementation Improve Physical Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes? Evidence from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gomez-Bruton Alejandro , Marin-Puyalto Jorge , Muñiz-Pardos Borja , Matute-Llorente Angel , Del Coso Juan , Gomez-Cabello Alba , Vicente-Rodriguez German , Casajus Jose A. , Lozano-Berges Gabriel
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Recent original research and meta-analyses suggest that acute caffeine supplementation improves exercise performance in team-sport athletes (TSA). Nonetheless, most of the studies testing the effects of caffeine on TSA included samples of male athletes, and there is no meta-analysis of the performance-enhancing effects of caffeine on female TSA. The aim of the present study was to synthesize the existing literature regarding the effect of caffeine supplementation on physical performance in adult female TSA. Methods: A search was performed in Pubmed/Medline, SPORTDiscus and Scopus. The search was performed from the inception of indexing until 1 September 2021. Crossover randomized controlled trials (RCT) assessing the effects of oral caffeine intake on several aspects of performance in female TSA were selected. The methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed for individual studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale (PEDro) and the RoB 2 tool. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences (SMD) was performed for several performance variables. Results: The search retrieved 18 articles that fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Overall, most of the studies were of excellent quality with a low risk of bias. The meta-analysis results showed that caffeine increased performance in specific team-sport skills (SMD: 0.384, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.077–0.691), countermovement jump (SMD: 0.208, CI: 0.079–0.337), total body impacts (SMD: 0.488; 95% CI: 0.050, 0.927) and handgrip strength (SMD: 0.395, CI: 0.126–0.665). No effects were found on the ratings of perceived exertion, squat jumps, agility, repeated sprint ability or agility tests performed after fatigue. Conclusions: The results of the meta-analysis revealed that acute caffeine intake was effective in increasing some aspects of team-sports performance in women athletes. Hence, caffeine could be considered as a supplementation strategy for female athletes competing in team sports.
Individualized versus Standardized Risk Assessment in Patients at High Risk for Adverse Drug Reactions (The IDrug Randomized Controlled Trial)–Never Change a Running System?
Authors: Just Katja S. , Scholl Catharina , Boehme Miriam , Kastenmüller Kathrin , Just Johannes M. , Bleckwenn Markus , Holdenrieder Stefan , Meier Florian , Weckbecker Klaus , Stingl Julia C.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to compare effects of an individualized with a standardized risk assessment for adverse drug reactions to improve drug treatment with antithrombotic drugs in older adults. A randomized controlled trial was conducted in general practitioner (GP) offices. Patients aged 60 years and older, multi-morbid, taking antithrombotic drugs and at least one additional drug continuously were randomized to individualized and standardized risk assessment groups. Patients were followed up for nine months. A composite endpoint defined as at least one bleeding, thromboembolic event or death reported via a trigger list was used. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. In total, N = 340 patients were enrolled from 43 GP offices. Patients in the individualized risk assessment group met the composite endpoint more often than in the standardized group (OR 1.63 [95%CI 1.02–2.63]) with multiple adjustments. The OR was higher in patients on phenprocoumon treatment (OR 1.99 [95%CI 1.05–3.76]), and not significant on DOAC treatment (OR 1.52 [95%CI 0.63–3.69]). Pharmacogenenetic variants of CYP2C9, 2C19 and VKORC1 were not observed to be associated with the composite endpoint. The results of this study may indicate that the time point for implementing individualized risk assessments is of importance.
Physicochemical Characteristics and In Vitro Toxicity/Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Favipiravir Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs)
Authors: Tulbah Alaa S. , Lee Wing-Hin
Published: October 2021

The rise of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases worldwide has driven the need to discover and develop novel therapeutics with superior efficacy to treat this disease. This study aims to develop an innovative aerosolized nano-formulation of favipiravir (FPV) as an anti-viral agent against coronavirus infection. The local delivery of FPV nanoparticles (NPs) via nebulization ensures that the drug can reach the site of infection, the lungs. Solid lipid NPs of favipiravir (FPV-SLNs) were formulated utilizing the hot-evaporation method. The physicochemical formulation properties were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The aerosol formulation performance was evaluated using an Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) at a flow rate of 15 L/min. The FPV-SLN formulation’s in vitro anti-viral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was also evaluated using the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen (hCoV-19/Egypt/NRC-3/2020 isolate). The FPV-SLNs’ morphology was defined utilizing transmission electron microscopy, showing an irregular shape. By means of FPV-SLNs’ nebulization, a fine particle fraction of 60.2 ± 1.7% was produced with 60.2 ± 1.7%, and this finding suggests that FPV-SLNs were appropriate for inhalation drug delivery with a particle size of 537.6 ± 55.72 nm. Importantly, the FPV-SLNs showed anti-viral activity against SARS-CoV-2 with CC50 and IC50 values of 449.6 and 29.9 µg/mL, respectively. This study suggests that inhaled solid lipid NPs of favipiravir could potentially be used against coronavirus.
Réz és ausztenites korrózióálló acél vegyes kötésének kialakítása ultrahangos hegesztéssel
Authors: Schramkó Márton , Kovács Tünde Anna
Published: October 2021

Különböző fémek között kohéziós kötés létrehozására számos lehetőség van. Vékony lemezek esetében jól alkalmazható hegesztési eljárás az ultrahangos hegesztés. Ezzel az eljárással gyorsan, kis hőbevitellel lehet kohéziós kötést létesíteni vékony lemezek között. A szerzők ebben a munkában tiszta réz és ausztenites korrózióálló acéllemezek ultrahangos hegesztésének optimális paramétereit igyekeztek meghatározni kísérleti úton. A réz és az ausztenites acél eltérő kémiai, fizikai és mechanikai tulajdonságai miatt a próbahegesztés hozott eredményt. A kísérletekhez a szerzők adott lemezvastagságú és méretű próbatesteket használtak fel, majd ezen paraméterek változtatása mellett hegesztették össze. Az előzetes elméleti és gyakorlati tapasztalatok alapján megválasztott paraméterek finomítását végezték el a kísérletsorozat során. A kísérleti hegesztésekhez Branson L20 típusú ultrahangos hegesztőberendezést alkalmaztak. A különböző paraméterekkel készült kötéseket húzó-nyíró vizsgálattal minősítették, a maximális erő értékével.
Unintended consequences of online consultations: a qualitative study in UK primary care
Authors: Turner Andrew , Morris Rebecca , Rakhra Dylan , Stevenson Fiona , McDonagh Lorraine , Hamilton Fiona , Atherton Helen , Farr Michelle , Blake Sarah , Banks Jon , Lasseter Gemma , Ziebland Sue , Hyde Emma , Powell John , Horwood Jeremy
Published: October 2021

Background

Health services are increasingly using digital tools to deliver care, and online consultations are being widely adopted in primary care settings. The intended consequences of online consultations are to increase patient access to care and increase the efficiency of care.

Aim

To identify and understand the unintended consequences of online consultations in primary care.

Design and setting

Qualitative interview study in eight general practices using online consultation tools in South West and North West England between February 2019 and January 2020.

Method

Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 19 patients and 18 general practice staff.

Results

Consequences of online consultations were identified that restricted patient access to care by making it difficult for some patients to communicate effectively with a GP and disadvantaging digitally-excluded patients. This stemmed from patient uncertainty about how their queries were dealt with, and whether practices used online consultations as their preferred method for patients to contact the practice. Consequences were identified that limited increases in practice efficiency by creating additional work, isolation, and dissatisfaction for some staff.

Conclusion

Unintended consequences often present operational challenges that are foreseeable and partly preventable. However, these challenges must be recognised and solutions resourced sufficiently. Not everyone may benefit and local decisions will need to be made about trade-offs. Process changes tailored to local circumstances are critical to making effective use of online consultation tools. Unintended consequences also present clinical challenges that result from asynchronous communication. Online consultation tools favour simple, well-formulated information exchange that leads to diffuse relationships and a more transactional style of medicine.