bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uma proposta de ensino para ampliar o repertório cultural para o gênero redação do ENEM, a partir de letras de música: uma abordagem dialógica
Authors: Oliveira Cláudia de Fátima , Silva Ana Carolina Belleze , Nascimento Frabicia Petrolini de Sena do
Published: October 2024

A pesquisa diz respeito à relevância das letras de músicas brasileiras contemporâneas na reflexão crítica sobre a violência e seus impactos sociais. No contexto atual, a violência permeia diversas esferas da sociedade brasileira, desde manifestações urbanas até formas mais sutis de controle social. Diante disso, esse estudo investigou como as representações da violência presentes nessas letras podem influenciar a percepção dos ouvintes e contribuir para debates sobre justiça social e direitos humanos. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada envolveu uma abordagem qualitativa, com análise de conteúdo das letras, explorando o impacto dessas músicas em seu repertório sociocultural e reflexões sobre questões sociais com o ENEM. Os resultados, por sua vez, revelaram que as letras de músicas são ferramentas poderosas para ampliar o repertório cultural dos alunos e promover uma reflexão crítica sobre temas complexos. Os estudantes demonstraram um engajamento com as músicas, relacionando-as às suas próprias experiências e desenvolvendo uma consciência crítica e cidadã. Essas descobertas destacam a importância de métodos educacionais inovadores que incorporam elementos culturais contemporâneos, sugerindo que as letras de músicas podem enriquecer práticas pedagógicas mais inclusivas e contextualizadas. Por fim, essse estudo reforça a relevância das letras de músicas como recursos didáticos na educação, apontando para suas potenciais implicações na promoção de um aprendizado reflexivo em diferentes contextos educacionais.
Biostimulant application and green basil biomass production
Authors: Guerra Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura , Santos Paloma Andrade , Santos Edeilton Borges dos , Evangelista Régila Santos , Araújo Bianca Ferreira de , Paiva Lucas Carvalho
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the use of the biostimulant Stimulate® on the biomass production of green basil. A randomized block design was used, in a 5x2 factorial scheme with six replications, analyzing different concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mL L-1 of water) and application method (single application and split into 2 times). Harvesting was performed 60 days after transplanting. The variables evaluated were plant height, counting of the number of secondary and tertiary shoots, root length and volume, fresh and dry matter mass, leaf area and essential oil yield. There was no interaction between the concentrations of Stimulate® and the application method. However, there was an increase in all variables analyzed with the concentration of 20 mL per L of water. The application of the biostimulant Stimulate® had an effect on biomass production, plant height, canopy diameter, secondary and tertiary shoots, length and volume of the root system, fresh matter mass of the aerial part and root. Increases in these variables were also observed in response to increased concentrations of Stimulate® and accumulation of green basil essential oil.
Reestruturando a comunicação interna: mais transparência, adesão e eficiência para a preta distribuidora
Authors: Lima Amanda Assunção de , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Junior José Roberto Lira
Published: October 2024

A comunicação é algo indispensável em uma organização, tendo isso em mente, o presente artigo visa propor uma significativa melhora na comunicação interna da Preta Distribuidora, empresa de pequeno porte localizada na cidade de Manaus-AM. A organização tem como objetivos gerais: implementação de processos de comunicação eficaz, treinamento aplicado para as atividades alcançando melhores qualificações, desenvolvimento dos colaboradores com os colegas de trabalho, buscando um melhor ambiente organizacional, visto que, uma empresa que possui boa comunicação entre os colaboradores, produz melhores resultados, através das novas implementações que visam utilizar ferramentas organizacionais que otimizem a comunicação dos gestores com os colaboradores. A organização implementou Departamento de Relações Públicas, um otimizado sistema de Endomarketing, Ferramente Bizagi para melhor gestão dos processos, Intranet e o uso de comunicação formal, buscando sempre um feedback dos líderes com os colaboradores. Com esses novos recursos, o resultado tem sido significativo na organização, havendo melhor desempenho e permitindo que os colaboradores fiquem motivados a darem seu melhor, pois serão reconhecidos na área em que atuam. Esta pesquisa abordou temas como: tipos de comunicação informal e formal, comunicação interna e externa. Buscando as melhores soluções para impulsionar o crescimento da organização.
Rectus Abdominis Sheath Hematoma Following Cesarean Section: A Case Series
Authors: Manning Sarah , Barhan Sheela , Massengill Jason
Published: October 2024

This case series describes two patients who underwent Cesarean section complicated by a rectus abdominis sheath hematoma that did not immediately resolve following exploratory laparotomy. One of the patients required an additional procedure by interventional radiology. Both patients had similar presentations. Both were noted to have symptomatic anemia on postoperative day 1 with an acute drop in hemoglobin. This was accompanied by severe abdominal pain and distension on physical exam. Computerized tomography (CT) abdomen/pelvis demonstrated evidence of active bleeding within the anterior abdominal wall musculature. Due to increasing concern for intrabdominal hemorrhage in the setting of an acute abdominal exam, the decision was made to proceed with an exploratory laparotomy. A substantial amount of blood was evacuated from the abdomen with greater than 1500 cc of estimated blood loss in both cases. A Jackson-Pratt drain was placed and had increased output immediately postoperatively. Both patients received blood products. One developed a consumptive coagulopathy. Interventional Radiology was consulted following exploratory laparotomy to consider intravascular embolization of the inferior epigastric arteries, which was eventually performed in one of the cases. The patients were discharged on hospital day 5 in good condition. Rectus abdominis sheath hematomas are a rare complication that can lead to significant postpartum hemorrhage. Prompt recognition and management is vital to avoid significant morbidity and mortality. Algorithms exist to guide treatment and standardize patient care. Despite using sound clinical judgment in line with existing algorithms, both patients had delayed resolution of their bleeding following initial management, requiring additional intervention.
¿La salud mental una realidad o un brote esquizofrénico?
Authors: Gonzalez Yara Santiago Alejandro , Lizcano Triana Julieta
Published: October 2024

La salud mental es un tema de cuidado, ya que en una época se veía como algo extraño y no se le daba importancia a los diferentes trastornos mentales que están presentes en la población. La salud mental ha venido tomando fuerza en los últimos años, pero no fue hasta la llegada de la pandemia que se vio la problemática a nivel mundial ya que se aumentó en gran medida los casos de depresión, ansiedad y esquizofrenia; por lo tanto para concientizar, se dará a conocer que causas, síntomas y cómo puede ser tratada, dándole un enfoque al territorio colombiano.
Reseña de charla dada en coloquio de la Facultad de Ciencias, a cargo de Ximena Serrano: Periodismo Científico contra la Desinformación
Authors: Suárez Alfonso Aura Elena
Published: October 2024

Durante el Coloquio de la Facultad de Ciencias, Ximena Serrano Gil, presidenta de la Asociación Colombiana de Periodismo y directora de Divulgación Científica en Naturavisión Imágenes Científicas, ofreció una charla titulada "Periodismo Científico contra la Desinformación". La charla abordó la importancia de la comunicación, divulgación y periodismo científico.
EVALUATION OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT NEED AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH SELF-ESTEEM AND ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF PATIENTS RECEIVING CARE AT SAIDU COLLEGE OF DENTISTRY, SWAT
Authors: KHAN EB , QURESHI AH , JAFRI AR , AHMAD M , RASHID HU , NAZ H , KAINAT . , KHAN JA
Published: October 2024

Orthodontic treatment needs can impact both self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). The relationship between these factors, particularly in a developing region, remains underexplored. Objective: To investigate the relationship between orthodontic treatment needs, self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life among patients at Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Saidu College of Dentistry, Swat and included 115 participants aged 8-30 years. Data were collected using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) over a six-month period. Demographic variables such as age, gender and socioeconomic status were also analyzed. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests such as chi-square and t-tests were employed to evaluate associations between variables, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 115 participants, 59.1% were male and 40.9% were female. Age groups were distributed as 33% (8-15 years), 39.1% (15-22 years) and 27.8% (22-30 years). Socioeconomic analysis revealed that 25.2% belonged to the upper class, 49.6% to the middle class and 25.2% to the poor class. Severe orthodontic treatment needs were identified in 36.5% of participants. Self-esteem scores were unaffected by gender, age, or socioeconomic status. In contrast, oral health impact scores were notably high, with a mean OHIP-14 score of 19.77±17.7, indicating a significant need for comprehensive oral health care. Conclusion: Despite high orthodontic treatment needs, participants exhibited stable self-esteem levels, suggesting resilience in psychosocial health. The findings emphasize the strong connection between orthodontic needs, OHRQoL and patient demographics, providing important insights for oral health professionals in addressing both clinical and psychological aspects of care.
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURGICAL TEAM COMMUNICATION AND PATIENT OUTCOMES
Authors: AI SZ , HUSSAIN S , ALAM SI , HUSSAIN Y , ASHRAF M , ALI N
Published: October 2024

Surgical team plays a vital role in the care of patients during the surgery. For safe patient outcomes, surgical team members must effectively communicate within the surgical site. Communication breakdowns in the complex operating room atmosphere can result in unfavorable outcomes. To reduce risks, avoid errors and provide the best possible care for patients, the surgical team must communicate clearly and effectively with one another. Enhancing the quality of surgical treatment requires an understanding of the connection between communication and patient results. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the connection between patient satisfaction outcomes and surgical communication between teams focusing on how the improved communication practices can enhance the patient safety in terms of care quality and satisfaction level in surgical setting. Method: The study comprised of 187 health care providers between the ages of 18 and 65 who were examined for the association between surgical team communication and patient outcomes after ethical approval from Hospital ethical committee. Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the District Headquarters Teaching Hospital, Kohat Development Authority Kohat from January 2022 to July 2022. Data was Analyzed on SPSS and shown in tables. Results: The analysis shows a strong positive correlation (.595) between team communication and patient outcomes, with healthcare professionals that rates the quality of communication at an average of 3.84 out of 5, which is closely linked to a decrease in surgical complications and an increase in patient satisfaction. Sticking and communicating according to communication protocols was rated at 3.76, underlining its importance in patient safety improvements. Conclusions: The study affirms the crucial impact of effective communication among surgical team members on improving patient outcomes and safety in the operating site. The enhanced communication directly relates with faster patient recovery, lesser complications and higher patient satisfaction.
Estimating reference evapotranspiration for Shahat region in Libya using genetic programming
Authors: Abdelatty Osama A. , Momen Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

أجريت هذه الدراسة لتقدير البخر نتح المرجعي (ETo) لمنطقة شحات في ليبيا باستخدام البرمجة الجينية (GP) مقارنة بمعادلة الفاو بنمان مونتيث (FPM56). حيث تم استخدام البيانات المناخية لمحطة أرصاد شحات للفترة من عام 1963 وحتى عام 1999. تم استخدام ستة تركيبات مختلفة من متغيرات الأرصاد الجوية المتاحة مثل متوسط درجة حرارة الهواء(Tmean)، ومتوسط الرطوبة النسبية (RHmean)، والإشعاع الشمسي فوق الغلاف الجوي (Ra)، هذا الأخير يتم حسابه بمعرفة الموقع والتوقيت خلال السنة. تم تدريب نموذج (GP) باستخدام 70% من البيانات المناخية وتم اختباره باستخدام 30% المتبقية. بينت قيم المؤشرات الإحصائية التي تم الحصول عليها في هذه الدراسة أن الجذر التربيعي لمتوسط مربع الخطأ ومعامل التحديد ومعامل ناش-ساتكليف للكفاءة تراوحت بين 0.26 و0.98 (ملم. يوم-1)؛ 0.67 و0.98؛ 0.66 و0.98 على التوالي خلال فترة الاختبار. لذلك تمثل نماذج (GP) خياراً رائعاً لتقدير(ETo) عندما تكون البيانات المناخية شحيحة.
A preliminary recording of insects on the island of Farwa Northwest of Libya
Authors: Elmareme Hoda M. , Etriieki Abdulhamed M. , Mkhebesh Asmaa D. , Bataw Ali A. , Albarbar Munay A. , Ben Omar Nahad S.
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to present the first record of insect families in Farwa Island. Farwa Island is the largest and most important island in Libya; located in Northern west part of Libya in the Mediterranean, its insect fauna is poorly studied. Short time intensive collection of insect samples was conducted in four areas (mouth of the valley, bay of containers, center of the Island, and Ras-Attalgha) in February, March and April 2021. Different methods were used for insect collection, sorting, preservation and later identification to the lowest taxonomic level and verification. 9 orders, 31 families, 40 genera and 58 insect species were collected in the study; the center of the Island had the highest numerical density and diversity of insect fauna due to its diverse vegetation compared to other areas. Diverse suitable habitats and absent insect control measures provided suitable environmental conditions for insects breeding, feeding and hiding from enemies. This study constitutes the first comprehensive survey of insect fauna on Farwa Island and adds significant value to the ongoing assessment of insect diversity in Libya. A long-term study has to be conducted to investigate detailed information about the abundance and diversity of insects and other arthropods on Farwa Island.
Levels of heavy metals in some popular brands of cigarettes marketed in Al-Bayda- Libya
Authors: Ibrahim Dalal Moustafa , Mohammem Azza Hussien , Ibrahim Heiam Khamis , Ali Wafaa Blqasem
Published: October 2024

Three commonly smoked cigarette brands from the Libyan market were randomly chosen and evaluated for heavy metals using Atomic Adsorption Spectrometry (type of local in Libya, type of more the trade in Libya, and type of global imported L&N, KENT, and MANCHESTER are among the brands available. The concentrations of Pb and Cd were determined to be in the range of 0.93-0. 99 mg/L and 0.68-0.82 mg/L, respectively, according to the findings of the analysis. In comparison to the Cd metal, Pb concentrations were highest in all brands, whereas cadmium concentrations were lowest in MANCHESTER and highest in L&N. In general, the levels of metal content in all of the brands were excessive when compared to WHO standards. The findings not only emphasized the dangers of cigarette smoking, but also the potential toxicity of heavy metals in each brand of cigarette. Keywords: Metals, Toxicity,
Mycoflora Detection in Some Dry Plants Used in Libyan Folk Medicine
Authors: El-Gali Zahra I. , Elghli Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

أُجريت الدراسة الحالية لبحث الفطريات المرافقة لبعض النباتات الجافة المُستعملة في الطب الشعبي. جُمعت أوراق خمسة عشر عينة تعود لخمسة نباتات هي: السدر، الزريقة، الغار، الجوافة، والسنامكي تم شراؤها من محلات عطارة مختلفة في مدينة البيضاء. قُدر المُحتوى الرطوبي ومستوى التلوث في العينات باستخدام الاجار المائي فيما تمت التنقية على الوسط PSA، وبينت النتائج تسجيل أعلى مُحتوى رطوبي 50% و25% في أوراق الجوافة والغار على التوالي. تم تعريف سبعة أجناس فطرية ضمت 12 نوعاً مختلفاً: Alternaria alternata، Aspergillus flavus، A. carbonarius، A. niger،  A. parasiticus، Cheatomium globosm، C. funicola، Cheatomium sp.، Cladosporium cladosporides، Phoma sp، Pealosporium herbarum و Ulocladium charturm. سجل نبات الجوافة وجود 14 عزلة فطرية بتكرار 38.9% متبوعاً بــ11عزلة في نبات الغار وتكرار 30.6%. كانت أعلى كثافة 15.7% للفطريات A. alternata وA. niger متبوعاً بـــ13.7% لــــC. funicola وأقل كثافة 2% لــــ P. herbarium. اختبار قُدرة العزلات على إنتاج السموم في الوسط PSA بالتعريض لأبخرة الأمونيا السائلة بين أن الأنواع A. flavus، A. carbonarius و A. niger مُنتجة للسموم.
N-Nitrozodietyloamina. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych wielkości narażenia zawodowego
Authors:   Barbara Frydrych, Szymańska Jadwiga ,   Elżbieta Bruchajzer
Published: October 2024

N-Nitrozodietyloamina (NDEA) jest żółtą, oleistą cieczą, wrażliwą na światło. Do źródeł narażenia na nitrozoaminy (w tym NDEA) zaliczamy: tytoń, wyroby gumowe, kosmetyki, pestycydy i niektóre farmaceutyki. Najwyższe poziomy narażenia zawodowego na nitrozoaminy dotyczą przemysłu gumowego. W Polsce w 2021 r. liczba osób narażonych zawodowo na N-nitrozodietyloaminę wynosiła 49 (w 6 zakładach pracy). Działanie mutagenne i genotoksyczne N-nitrozodietyloaminy obserwowano zarówno w warunkach in vitro, jak i in vivo. Nie znaleziono danych na temat wchłaniania i dystrybucji N-nitrozodietyloaminy. Brak jest informacji na temat zatruć ludzi oraz danych epidemiologicznych dotyczących jedynie N-nitrozodietyloaminy. N-Nitrozodietyloaminę można zaklasyfikować (ze względu na toksyczność ostrą) do kategorii 3 na podstawie zasad CLP. W badaniach krótkoterminowych N-nitrozodietyloamina wywierała działanie hepatotoksyczne. Po wielokrotnym podaniu zwierzętom N-nitrozodietyloaminy zanotowano zmiany nowotworowe. W opinii IARC (1987) N-nitrozodietyloamina była rakotwórcza dla wszystkich testowanych zwierząt. Na tej podstawie IARC sklasyfikowała ten związek jako prawdopodobnie rakotwórczy dla ludzi (grupa 2A). W Polsce do tej pory nie ustalono wartości NDS i/lub NDSCh dla N-nitrozodietyloaminy. Przygotowane opracowanie zostało wykonane zgodnie z proponowaną przez Komisję Europejską listą substancji zalecanych do naukowego opracowania i/lub weryfikacji normatywów higienicznych w ramach regulacji polityki bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy (OSH). Proponuje się przyjąć dla N-nitrozodietyloaminy za wartość NDS stężenie 0,0007 mg/m3 (0,0002 ppm) i oznakowanie „Carc 1B” – działanie rakotwórcze kategorii zagrożenia 1B z przypisem „H350 – może powodować raka”. Brak jest podstaw do ustalenia wartości NDSCh oraz wartości dopuszczalnej w materiale biologicznym DSB. Zakres tematyczny artykułu obejmuje zagadnienia zdrowia oraz bezpieczeństwa i higieny środowiska pracy będące przedmiotem badań z zakresu nauk o zdrowiu oraz inżynierii środowiska.
Tempus
Authors: Weinrich Harald
Published: October 2024

Tempus argues that tenses have been widely misunderstood by language users, linguists, and literary critics alike. They must be considered not in themselves, but as any given sentence interacts with surrounding statements, in an approach that the book names text linguistics. The principal impact of tense selection is not to indicate time but to focus the stance of the writer or speaker. Western European languages then typically have two groups of tenses, narrative tenses that report information, whether fictional or real, and discussion tenses that communicate attitudes and positions. Within these groups tenses distinguish the relationships of the different pieces of information in the text to one another in terms of ordering and in terms of relative importance. Tempus explores its initial insight through consideration of varying tense patterns as aspects of style in the Romance languages, German, English, and Latin, with close readings of short stories, novels, and poems from antiquity to modern times as well as of colloquial speech and child language, and with particular attention to combinations of different tenses, of tenses with pronouns and adverbs, and other special uses. It also considers the history of tense usage, particularly the shifting relation of simple past and present perfect in French and the disappearance of the simple past in South German dialects, and it concludes with observations about tense usage in Greek, Latin, and world languages.
Introduction
Authors: Dugan Katherine , Park Karen E.
Published: October 2024

American Patroness begins with an introduction that situates the collection within three larger contexts. First, it explores the history of devotion to Mary in the US, beginning with the surge of shrines built in the twentieth century and culminating with re-interpretations of Marian devotion in the early twenty-first century. Second, this introduction considers the boundaries around what counts as a shrine. This theoretical introduction to the study of shrines explores how those boundaries are constructed, who maintains them, and what happens when they become porous. This section also gestures to how the study of shrines interacts with other key themes of this collection, including pilgrimage, material religion, lay and hierarchical divisions, and devotional practices. Third, this introduction examines how each chapter’s focus on a particular shrine sheds light on broader themes in the study of American religion. As co-editors, we argue that the collection’s series of deep dives into particular shrines allows for expansive reconsideration of the landscape of US Catholicism. The introduction concludes with a brief survey of the three parts of the collection and an overview of each contribution.
Alain Locke, José Vasconcelos, and José Martí, on Race, Nationality, and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: Carter Jacoby Adeshei
Published: October 2024

The racial perspectives of José Vasconcelos, Alain Locke, and José Martí, as each relates to their cosmopolitan visions, are considered. The chapter argues that Martí’s position poses serious challenges to the racialism of Vasconcelos and Locke. Against Vasconcelos, Martí argues that the supposed superiority of the “Cosmic Race” is false, that the notion of racial amalgamation reifies racial difference, and that all forms of racialism obstruct the success of an independent nation. Possible responses to these arguments by Vasconcelos are considered. The chapter concludes that although their various positions are not at odds in ways that the two philosophers may have envisioned, several of Martí’s challenges are unanswerable by Vasconcelos. Against Locke, Martí argues that racialism aimed at social uplift for an oppressed group perpetuates racism, and that racial identification impedes individuals’ abilities to form more meaningful associations. Locke’s and Martí’s positions are more complementary than either may have thought. Locke’s racialism does not commit him to the continued existence of races and something like Locke’s reconstructionist view of race would likely be required by Martí’s position as one works towards elimination. The chapter ends by arguing that an inter-American philosophy of race has theoretical, practical, and historical advantages.
Listening to the Dead and Filling the Void
Authors: Nakao Maika
Published: October 2024

Maika Nakao focuses on the life and activism of Akizuki Tatsuichirō, who was a doctor, hibakusha, and eventual chief physician at St. Francis Hospital in Nagasaki. Akizuki had at one time studied medicine under Nagai Takashi, but he rejected Nagai’s interpretation of the bombing as God’s Providence, instead embracing the peace and social activism of the Nagasaki-based activist groups in the years and decades following the war. Nakao discusses the way that Akizuki drew on both his work as a doctor and his religious faith in his decades-long work as a peace activist to give voice to hibakusha, including the dead who could not speak for themselves, and to reimagine and reshape knowledge and narratives of ground zero. Akizuki’s work with other hibakusha and memory activists in the city was key to creating the testimony movement of the city, which began in force in the late-1960s.
White Supremacy, the American Militia, and the Legacy of the Civil War Era
Authors: Gannon Barbara A.
Published: October 2024

This essay examines how white supremacy linked the seemingly disparate antebellum state sponsored militias and contemporary anti-government private militias. In the antebellum era, states organized their own military forces, which were often larger than the regular US Army. The free states, particularly in the Northeast, had no need to hold millions of men and women to forced labor and allowed their militia forces to atrophy. Not surprisingly, the slave states maintained robust militia organizations to maintain control over their enslaved population. The roots of twenty-first century unofficial “militias” may be found in the antebellum Southern militias. Modern militias make a direct connection between their twenty-first century groups and the eighteenth-century Second Amendment written for these state militias. Moreover, these organizations have appropriated an arcane militia term—muster, a gathering for military drill—to establish a militarized public space for their activities. Similarly, modern militias attempting to control undocumented immigrants’ border crossings is no different than antebellum militiamen assigned to slave patrols who hunted undocumented enslaved men and women. Contemporary anti-government groups’ appropriation of the term militia reflects members’ fundamental understanding of the antebellum militia system designed to protect white supremacy.
“Give Me My Rights”
Authors: Lande Jonathan
Published: October 2024

During the Civil War, black soldiers from the North had faith that battlefield courage would earn them citizenship and end slavery, so they trudged through the war’s grizzliest scenes. Yet some in the ranks would not tolerate the violent, racist punishments of white officers and combatted the injustices. This piece addresses the modes of resistance—nonviolent protest and political violence—and primary reasons for the men’s actions. The chapter argues that the army protesters are important to remember, especially as activists sickened by the devaluing of black humanity assemble in the summer of 2020. Although protesters peacefully demonstrate, critics often characterize them as agents of lawlessness. Critics elide the history of black resistance in their denunciations and distract from a sober assessment of activists’ demands for justice.
Fighting for Black Humanity
Authors: Turner Nicole Myers
Published: October 2024

The murder of George Floyd under the knee of a Minneapolis police officer on Memorial Day weekend touched off a summer of global protests that centered issues of police brutality and amplified calls for police reform. These protests took off in the midst of a global pandemic that disproportionately affected and killed Black and Brown people, and heightened awareness about the ills of the moment and also the unresolved legacies of the Reconstruction era. The inequitable treatment and outcomes, the depraved indifference to Black life instantiated in laws and practices, hearken back to the limitations of Reconstruction’s early policies and practices in contraband camps. They also point toward the strategies that free and freedpeople deployed to challenge the underlying anti-Black logic that supported slavery and needed to be undone in order to make meaningful freedom. The work of post-emancipation Black Christian associations suggest that we need the marriage of policy change and reform of ideas about the recognition and acknowledgement of Black humanity in order to finally realize the promises of Reconstruction.
Prologue: A Rights Primer
Authors: Roeber A. G.
Published: October 2024

This Prologue provides definitions of differing kinds of rights and privileges claimed from ancient to modern sources. It explains the first contact of Orthodox missionaries with the First Peoples of Alaska and the subsequent disputes over their rights, and the privileges of the Orthodox bishops and clergy when confronted with Anglo-American constitutional and legal claims. The Prologue provides the reader with the basis for understanding the topics of the following chapters.
Rights of and for a Self-Governed American Orthodox Church
Authors: Roeber A. G.
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the question of the right of self-governance and self-determination by the Orthodox in North America. Governed by charters granted by mother churches abroad, the former Russian-American metropolia obtained a grant of autocephaly from the Russian Church that was not recognized by Patriarch Athenagoras of Constantinople. Arab-speaking Americans led by Metropolitan Philip agreed with the principle of the right of American Orthodox to self-governance. In such disputes, especially where property rights and the rights of clergy versus laity were concerned, American courts increasingly turned to “neutral principles” in resolving such disputes. That development posed potential threats to what some had argued, namely, that American law had historically regarded religious disputes differently from conflicts where religious organizations were not involved.
New Critical Nostalgia
Authors: Rovee Christopher
Published: October 2024

New Critical Nostalgia explores literary study’s nostalgic attachments to its past, while asking how romanticism has figured in the stories that literary professionals tell about their field. This book recasts an essential episode in the historiography of English: the powerful rejection of romanticism by American New Critics. Through intensive considerations of some classic works of mid-twentieth century criticism, read in light of the tectonic growth of the modern American university, this book reveals literary study’s profound investment in the romantic lyric. It shows that the romantic lyric’s special affect, nostalgia, has informed literary scholars’ investments from the very beginning of the field’s modern era, pushing the discipline forward in the face of its perennially uncertain future. New Critical Nostalgia’s individual chapters engage with a set of major critical figures—John Crowe Ransom, Josephine Miles, Cleanth Brooks, Robert Penn Warren, M. H. Abrams, and W. K. Wimsatt—as they respond to poetry by William Wordsworth, Percy Shelley, John Keats, and Lord Byron. These engagements with the romantic lyric are traced both in influential published work and in unpublished correspondence, notes, and teaching materials. Mixing historical, biographical, and critical analysis, this book shows how readers of multiple methodological schools, working in radically different academic locales, wrangled over what it means to read—and over how to read romanticism—with nothing less than the future of literary studies at stake.
Beyond Hostile Islands
Authors: McKay Daniel , Porter Patrick
Published: October 2024

Beyond Hostile Islands examines five of the most significant historical and thematic areas associated with the Pacific War: island combat, economic competition, internment, imprisonment, and the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Throughout, the central issues pivot around the question of how or whether at all New Zealand fiction writing differs from that of the United States. Can a sense of islandness, the “tyranny of distance,” Māori cultural heritage, or the political legacies of the nuclear-free movement provide grounds for distinctive authorial insights? As an opening gambit, Beyond Hostile Islands puts forward the term “ideological coproduction” to describe how a territorially and demographically smaller national culture may accede to the essentials of a given ideology while differing in ways that reflect the historical and provincial dimensions that are important to it. Appropriately, the literary texts under examination are set in a wide variety of locales, including Bougainville, Kwajalein Atoll, New Mexico, Ontario, and the Solomon Islands, among others. The book concludes with a deliberately open-ended pose, in the full expectation that literary writing on the Pacific War will grow in range and richness, aided in turn by the growth of Pacific Studies as a research area.
Camera Men: Postwar Japan-Bashing
Authors: McKay Daniel
Published: October 2024

Do wartime ideologies require the conditions of warfare in order to gain purchase on a national conversation? This chapter argues the contrary, taking the Japan-US “trade wars” of the 1980s as a case-in-point. During that decade, business representatives and labor unions in the US raised concerns about Japanese corporations outcompeting domestic industries. The rhetoric surrounding these debates became infused with essentialist commentary on the Japanese national character, along with speculation that corporate takeovers amounted to another form of warfare—one that Japan was likelier to win. By contrast, New Zealand possessed no hi-tech or heavy industries sufficient to warrant attention from the Japanese. Yet the increased presence of Japanese tourists in that country was likewise figured in menacing terms. Focusing on Japanese cameras as a leitmotif, close readings of Michael Crichton’s novel Rising Sun (1992) and short stories by Keri Hulme and Vivienne Plumb make these aspects plain, while an examination of Ruth Ozeki’s novel My Year of Meats (1998) reveals a counter-critique.
A Death Mark
Authors: Rogozinski Jacob , Razavi Sephr , Ginzburg Carlo
Published: October 2024

The search for the “diabolical mark” imprinted by Satan on their bodies is one of the main techniques used to unmask women who are accused of being witches. The meaning of this mark becomes clearer if it is situated in the history of stigmata: of body markings, valorizing, sacralizing, or stigmatizing, of their prohibition by the Church and of their reappearance at the end of the Middle Ages when the threat of undifferentiation was to be fought by re-marking the social groups considered as threats.
“I wish Old Abe had a son or some kin or kine up here in danger”
Authors: Wilson Keith P.
Published: October 2024

Based largely on Daniel’s reports of his participation in General Sibley’s 1862 and 1863 punitive expeditions, Chapter 2 discusses the Densmore brothers’ war against the Dakota. In his narrative, Daniel reveals three themes linked to race, landscape, and family honor. At first, Daniel’s attitude to Minnesota’s Indian population was ambivalent. While he vehemently decried Dakota raiders, he was aware that some Dakota had protected settlers and had also suffered attacks. However, this empathy dissipated after he was ordered to guard Dakota prisoners and experienced first-hand the impact of Indian attacks on settlers. Daniel also believed his time on Sibley’s expeditions taught him how to read the hostile landscape in a way that revealed the alleged pathology of its inhabitants. Daniel honored his family by archiving his correspondence. He also sent Indian artifacts, the spoils of conquest, home. In his letters, he often included incidents and descriptions, for example the internment of a soldier, that indirectly revealed the magnitude of his own personal sacrifices. For their part, the folks at home honored Daniel’s service by writing letters that focused on kinship ties and community news rather than his Indian adventures. They believed this approach bound him tightly to them and reminded him that he was fighting as their representative.
Introduction
Authors: Mor Liron
Published: October 2024

What are some of the problems, methods and stakes involved in thinking about conflict, both in general and in the Israeli-Palestinian context in particular? Situating the upcoming study in relation to existing scholarly conversations and explaining the need for reconsidering “conflict” at this time, this chapter offers three axiomatic statements about the construct known as “the Israeli-Palestinian conflict”: it does not take place between two; it is not separate from its literatures; and it is not, in fact, a conflict. Three questions about conflict more broadly correspond to these negative statements: what is conflict? What does it involve and what colonial histories might it obscure? And how is poetics related to conflicts and to the possibility of thinking them otherwise? Through these provisional statements and questions, the chapter offers a brief historical and conceptual overview of the parties concerned, including the specific roles of Western imperial powers and Mizrahi Jews, and reflects on the main terms of the book—Palestine-Israel, poetics and politics, and conflict.
Levaṭim
Authors: Mor Liron
Published: October 2024

Analyzing pre-State Hebrew prose, this chapter introduces early Zionist ideology and its relationship to the Orient. Focusing on the writing of Haim Hazaz (1898–1973), it detects a core Zionist poetic technique—the recurrent narration of ceaseless dilemmas (levaṭim in Hebrew). By displacing political contradictions to the psychological realm, Hazaz—like other Hebrew writers of the 1930s and 1940s—simultaneously participates in and morally distances himself from the Zionist project. In Hazaz’s writing, endless melancholic levaṭim not only rhetorically remove both narrator and author from the realm of action, thus freeing them of political responsibility and easing colonization; they also disorient his protagonist, literally pitting him against the Orient within and without him, thus registering the dis-Orienting colonial relationship of Zionism to its various Easts—Eastern European exile, Oriental (Mizrahi) Jews, and Palestine. Like judgment, levaṭim set up clear oppositions and assume an intending subject who supposedly chooses between them; unlike judgment, however, they frustrate the moment of solution, leading to endless oscillation. Paradoxically, it is through this failure that Hazaz, like Zionism, achieves resolution, producing an ideal superiority over nature—an ability to “see beyond” it into its true potentials—that is then applied to the East and the Eastern.
The Nongovernmental Organization
Authors: Paustian Megan Cole
Published: October 2024

The fifth and final chapter, “The Nongovernmental Organization,” responds to a growing body of African fiction that, rather than confronting foreign aid directly, seeks smaller-scale alternatives centered on African agency, sidelining the role of the foreign altruist. Within these novels, Western aid is peripheral at best. Through readings of Chimamanda Adichie’s Half of a Yellow Sun and Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o’s Wizard of the Crow, this chapter explores the on-the-ground narratives of third sector care that get left out when humanitarianism is defined, as it generally is, by Western intervention. This analysis reveals not only how Africa has entered global consciousness through the discourse of the NGO but how that discourse has affected African consciousness of the globe. In situating humanitarian fictions outside the typical aid frame, Adichie and Ngũgĩ complicate the third sector approach and repoliticize the nominally apolitical “humanitarian space.”
Reading Now: The Catastrophic Modernity of Julia de Burgos
Authors: Mendoza-de Jesús Ronald
Published: October 2024

Part III puts in practice the non-historicist concept of dangerous historicity and the historical methodology of the dialectical image by offering a historical reading of Julia de Burgos’s first poetry volume, Poema en veinte surcos (1938). This section shows that de Burgos is the yet unrecognized poet of Puerto Rican modernity. De Burgos’s modernism is primarily ontological, taking the form of an attempt to institute a mode of gendered, embodied selfhood immune to the fungibilizing and alienating forces of modern life. To do so, however, de Burgos must reproduce many of the foundational violences of modernity, including the positioning of Blackness as a mode of life that embodies what I call, following Alexander Weheliye, a “fleshly surplus” that, paradoxically, justifies its abjection in order to shore up the mode of self that Poema institutes.
Introduction: French Agents in the Ottoman Empire
Authors: Szabari Antónia
Published: October 2024

The Introduction explores the meanings of race in sixteenth-century France in the context of critical race theory, French-Ottoman relations, cosmopolitanism, materialism, and fictions of agency.
Abolish the Family!
Authors: Lezra Jacques
Published: October 2024

This chapter approaches family abolition through the question of the putative necessity of family relations—both consanguinal relations; the sorts of relations of kind that can be built to create classes of like interests (and like identities); and elective, playful (in David Graeber’s sense) assemblages. Modal relativism (Fine); the Blue Beard story, in various mediations; and Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents furnish the material for a critique of family abolition as currently imagined (Lewis, O’Brien) and for elaborating a different account of what the chapter calls contubernial association.
Duke John and Finland’s Church 1556–1563
Authors: Lavery Jason
Published: October 2024

The short period of John’s duchy (1556–1563) has received significant attention from historians of Finland’s sixteenth century, but relatively little attention has been paid to Duke John’s ecclesiastical policies. This investigation reveals that John sought to maximise control over the church just as he did over other parts of his duchy’s administration. His activities demonstrate that he upheld his father’s conviction that he held the right of ius reformandi, the right of the temporal authorities to regulate religion in their realms. As duke, John grew his power over the clergy and thus the church in three ways. First, he sought clerical loyalty. Second, after first continuing his father’s confiscations of the church’s property, he turned to support the clergy and its parishes with direct financial support. Third, he made pastoral appointments bypassing ecclesiastical and royal administration. This drive to assert control over the church contributed to conflict between John and his brother King Eric XIV. Although John lost his duchy in 1563 to Eric because of this conflict, many of the clergymen whom he appointed and supported still held office when he overthrew Eric in 1568. This cohort of clergymen largely supported the king as he implemented controversial changes in the Swedish kingdom’s church.
Keywords: John III, King of Sweden; John, Duke of Finland; Duchy of Finland; reformation; clergy
Beginning of Works on Tropical Resistance in the Vietnam-Russia Tropical Center
Authors: Bobrov Vladimir V.
Published: October 2024

The article provides descriptions of biodeteriorations and tropical resistance and of the work of the first expedition team to assess the effect of termites on materials and equipment in 1988-1989 in Vietnam.
CONSUMER CONFUSION AND ITS IMPACT ON DECISION MAKING AMONG FEMALE CONSUMERS IN INDONESIA’S ONLINE COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE INDUSTRY
Authors: Marshanda Tristandinata
Published: October 2024

This study examines consumer confusion and its impact on decision-making among female consumers in Indonesia's online cosmetics and personal care industry. With the rise of online shopping due to its convenience and extensive product information, consumer confusion—defined as the inability to correctly interpret various aspects of product information—has become a significant issue. A mixed-method approach was used, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. Data was collected through an online survey and analyzed using PLS-SEM, followed by semi-structured interviews that were manually coded through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings reveal that informational sources—overload, similarity, and ambiguity positively impact overall consumer confusion. Additionally, utilitarian decision-makers show higher levels of confusion compared to hedonic decision-makers. Previous brand experience was found to mitigate the negative effects of overload and ambiguity confusion on decision quality and enhance decision quality in the case of similarity confusion. Furthermore, overload and ambiguity confusion negatively impacts decision quality, whereas similarity confusion shows a positive impact. Finally, all informational sources of confusion positively impact decision postponement and cognitive dissonance. This study extends existing knowledge in marketing and consumer behavior, particularly regarding consumer confusion in the cosmetics sector. It offers practical insights for companies and brand managers to develop strategies that reduce consumer confusion, such as simplifying decision-making processes, providing clear product information, and leveraging previous brand experiences. These strategies aim to enhance decision quality, reduce decision postponement, and mitigate cognitive dissonance among consumers. Finally, the study suggests directions for future research in consumer confusion.
Analysis of State Changes in English Causative Constructions: Insights from Construction Grammar
Authors: Tran Quang Hai
Published: October 2024

This research aims to explore how English causative constructions convey changes in state, using the frameworks of Construction Grammar and Radical Construction Grammar. The 310 English language samples were selected based on their relevance to illustrating transitions caused by internal or external factors, sourced from reliable texts, diverse contexts, varied grammatical constructions, and common usage patterns. Through a thorough examination of syntax and semantics, the study aims to illustrate how causative constructions effectively capture dynamic processes and cognitive perceptions. Emphasis is placed on the roles of the agent and patient, with the analysis seeking to uncover how these structures deal with causality and, crucially, changes in state. The findings show that causative structures in English mainly depict physical changes, although there is still a significant representation of emotional and mental changes. This analysis reveals the universal and language-specific aspects of causative constructions and provides insights into how they are used in everyday conversations and cognitive activities.