bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Debris Flow: Topographical Data and Discharge Rate Study
Authors: Kim Namgyun , Jun Byonghee
Published: December 2023

This study used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for aerial photogrammetry at the Seonseri debris flow site in Gokseong-gun, triggered by heavy rainfall in August 2020. Survey data facilitated the generation of orthographic images and high-resolution digital surface mode (DSM). Finite difference method (FDM) numerical analysis simulated debris flow, exploring the impact of discharge rate and topographic data among input variables. Applying the rational formula for determining debris flow discharge rate emphasized the significance of maximum rainfall intensity just before the event, with high estimated values for runoff coefficient and soil concentration. The study highlighted significant variations in debris flow simulation results based on topographical data accuracy, emphasizing the crucial role of precise site-specific topographical data.
Fire Resistance Performances of Composite Roofs According to Application and Non-Application of Purlin
Authors: Choi Suhwan , Lee Jaesung , Kang Kyeongsin , You Jisun
Published: December 2023

This study evaluates the risks of roof collapse for three types of roofs designed for 1-h fire resistance performance: a roof system with a purlin, a roof system without a purlin, and a unit roofing system without a purlin. The roof system with the purlin and the unit roofing system satisfied 1-h fire resistance performance, however, the roof system without the purlin did not. It was determined that the roof systems with and without purlin were at risk of casualties owing to the rapid increases in deformations after 30 min in the fire experimental test. The maximum deformation of the unit roofing system was larger than that of the other systems. However, because the deformation over time showed a linear behavior, the risk of collapse owing to the rapid increase in deformation was considered to be the lowest.
Evaluation of Compressive Strength of UHPC Cured in A Winter Low-temperature
Authors: Lim Kwangmo , Yoon Yongsik , Koh Kyungtaek , Kim Kyongchul
Published: December 2023

Deteriorating concrete quality is a typical problem reported in a low-temperature environment in winter. Therefore, efforts to evaluate and secure the quality of concrete are always carried out. In this study, the researchers primarily focused on developing curing methods and improving the quality of mixing materials, including chemical admixture, to secure compressive strength of concrete. The study investigated the compressive strength of concrete according to its age and observed that the compressive strength increases under the experimental conditions without any additional protection measures for the winter season. The compressive strength of the cured concrete was measured at 0 and -15 ℃ for 100 MPa Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). Additionally, the property of compressive strength was compared with that of UHPC, which suffered damage due to the cold, went through a certain recovery period at room temperature. Consequently, it was confirmed that UHPC, damaged from the cold weather, achieved the specific compressive strength after 84 days. The findings from this study can enhance further understanding of the characteristics of UHPC in winter environments and contribute to establishing a construction plan for withstanding the winter seasons.
Developing a Methodology to Establish Response Zones based on Travel Time for Controlling the Spread of Water Quality Incidents in Water Supply Systems
Authors: Yu Jin Kyung , Lee Seung Yeon , On Byeong Heon , Jeon Tae Min , Yoo Do Guen
Published: December 2023

Water quality issues may arise within the water pipe network system due to external contamination from water leaks, aging pipes leading to damage, and the presence of suspended sediments resulting from changes in hydraulic direction. Promptly addressing these water quality problems during the supply process is crucial, as delays can swiftly escalate health risks for residents and cause economic damage to the region. Therefore, developing control techniques is imperative to minimize the rapid dissemination of accidents. This study aims to proactively identify and calculate the spread pattern of water quality incidents within the pipe network, utilizing residence time as a critical factor. A practical and efficient spread control zoning methodology was proposed to curtail the expansion of accidents. Applying the proposed methodology to the pipe network system in Cty A (Korea) involved quantitative analysis of newly defined areas based on the target residence time intended for practical management and control during water quality accidents. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the proposed method offers the potential to establish a novel concept of a response area for rapid reactions to water quality incidents. This facilitates the design of a zone centered around valves essential for crisis response, thereby creating an area with precise control over the spread of water quality accidents within a target response time.
Developing Cluster-based Fire Following Earthquake Risk Evaluation Method using Building Registration Data
Authors: Taewook Kang , Shin Jiuk , Kim Dong-gyu , Kang Jae-Do
Published: December 2023

The Pohang earthquake raised concerns about the potential occurrence of fire-following earthquake (FFE). The United States and Japan effectively manage FFE risks through ignition and fire-burned ratio assessments. This study introduced a streamlined method for assessing FFE risk by leveraging a public building database (e.g., building registration data). The proposed method was applied to the Pohang regions. Hence, the ignition and fire spread calculation methods employed in the United States and Japan were adapted to suit the domestic database. The method was then implemented in clusters identified in the Pohang region. The fire-burned ratios, accompanied by the covering volume fraction (CVF) for each cluster, were computed using the extracted and newly developed building information. This method was used to evaluate the FFE risks in the Pohang areas.
A Study on the Quantification of Demand Management (Improving Revenue Water Ratio) through the Analysis of Water Use Characteristics in Seomjin River Basin
Authors: Choi Sijung , Kang Seongkyu , Noh HuiSeong , CheonKyu Choi
Published: December 2023

Demand management is crucial for securing water resources in Korea, with ongoing efforts to enhance water efficiency. However, there is a lack of sufficient analysis and planning regarding the amount of water that can be obtained through demand management. This study quantitatively analyzes the impact of demand management by investigating and constructing a realistic water supply and demand network for the Seomjin River basin. Subsequently, a water budget analysis was conducted. Water use efficiency in various regions was assessed through a water budget analysis. This involved comparing water withdrawal from the source with the actual consumer usage. Additionally, potential gains in water resources through enhanced revenue water ratios—a demand management measure—were calculated, and suitable areas for utilization were identified. In addition, by examining various factors, the analysis identified and presented the area with the highest impact on demand management (improving revenue water ratio). The results aim to furnish relevant information for future demand management-related projects.
Evaluating Serviceability Limit State in a Long-span Skating Stadium Through Natural Frequency Analysis
Authors: Lee Gayoon , Lee Sung-Min , Kim Jae-Hyun , Lee Kihak
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the application of vibration analysis to ensure user safety and establish an efficient management plan for the future utilization of sports facilities. The first natural frequency of the facility was documented at 3.2 Hz, while the second and third frequencies were measured at 3.56 Hz and 4.22 Hz, respectively. Experts posit that amplification is probable when the natural frequency aligns with the second and third modes. Resonance manifested at 1.8 Hz and 2.1 Hz dynamic activities within the anticipated frequency range, resulting in notable amplitude enhancements. Therefore, Constraining rhythmic actions that may elicit repetitive movements when using sports facilities is imperative to uphold serviceability and safety standards.
Variation by Institution in Sexual Harassment Experiences Among US Medical Interns
Authors: Viglianti Elizabeth M. , Oliverio Andrea L. , Pereira-Lima Karina , Frank Elena , Meeks Lisa M. , Sen Srijan , Bohnert Amy S. B.
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study investigates possible institutional and specialty variations in experiences of sexual harassment among US medical interns.
Pet Ownership, Living Alone, and Cognitive Decline Among Adults 50 Years and Older
Authors: Li Yanzhi , Wang Wanxin , Zhu Liwan , Yang Liwen , Wu Herui , Zhang Xiaojuan , Guo Lan , Lu Ciyong
Published: December 2023

Importance

It remains unclear whether pet ownership is associated with cognitive decline and to what extent pet ownership mitigates the association between living alone and cognitive decline.

Objective

To explore the association of pet ownership with cognitive decline, the interaction between pet ownership and living alone, and the extent to which pet ownership mitigates the association between living alone and cognitive decline in older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used data from waves 5 (June 2010 to July 2011) to 9 (from June 2018 to July 2019) in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Participants included adults 50 years and older. Data were analyzed from April 1 to June 30, 2023.

Exposures

Pet ownership and living alone in wave 5.

Main Outcomes and Measures

In waves 5 to 9, verbal memory and verbal fluency were assessed, and composite verbal cognition was further calculated.

Results

Of the 7945 participants included, the mean (SD) age was 66.3 (8.8) years, and 4446 (56.0%) were women. Pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in composite verbal cognition (β = 0.008 [95% CI, 0.002-0.014] SD/y), verbal memory (β = 0.006 [95% CI, 0.001-0.012] SD/y), and verbal fluency (β = 0.007 [95% CI, 0.001-0.013] SD/y). Three-way interaction tests showed that living alone was a significant modifier in all 3 associations. Stratified analyses showed that pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in composite verbal cognition (β = 0.023 [95% CI, 0.011-0.035] SD/y), verbal memory (β = 0.021 [95% CI, 0.008-0.034] SD/y), and verbal fluency (β = 0.018 [95% CI, 0.005-0.030] SD/y) among individuals living alone, but not among those living with others. Joint association analyses showed no significant difference in rates of decline in composite verbal cognition, verbal memory, or verbal fluency between pet owners living alone and pet owners living with others.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study, pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in verbal memory and verbal fluency among older adults living alone, but not among those living with others, and pet ownership offset the associations between living alone and declining rates in verbal memory and verbal fluency. Further studies are needed to assess whether pet ownership slows the rate of cognitive decline in older adults living alone.
Misclassification of Both Influenza Infection and Oseltamivir Exposure Status in Administrative Data
Authors: Bassett Hannah K. , Coon Eric R. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Snow Kathleen , Wheeler Maya , Schroeder Alan R.
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study examines documented hospitalization for influenza and administration of neuraminidase inhibitors in US children.
Platinum
Authors: Lansdown Alan B. G.
Published: December 2023

Platinum is ubiquitous in the human environment and is present in plants and animals, human food chains, airborne particles in inner‐city areas, and factory environments. It is a rare transitional metal with many uses in medicine, dentistry, and industrial applications. These include catalytic converters, electrical engineering, computers, space science, chemical syntheses, and jewelry. Platinum forms numerous durable alloys for clinical and industrial applications, and very many inorganic and organic compounds some of which are profound oxidizing agents and corrosive to skin and eyes. Others like the co‐ordination complexes, which are antimitotic through DNA binding, are potent anticancer drugs.

The toxicity profile for platinum compounds is incomplete but permitted exposure levels (PEL) are shown for key materials. Respiratory distress, allergy, and hypersensitivity are principal hazards encountered through inhalation of airborne nanoparticles in mining, recycling, and emissions from vehicle exhaust systems. Metabolic pathways and excretion patterns involving liver and kidneys are discussed in relation to population studies. Urine analyses are clinical measures of platinum exposure. The anticancer/antimitotic drugs includingcis‐platin and carboplatin are clinically efficacious but cause nephrotoxicity, ear and sensi‐neural hearing, and possible carcinogenicity. Children are more sensitive.

Experiments in animal models and cultured cells have contributed little in the understanding of hazards associated with platinum and related compounds. Whilst evidence of mutagenicity, DNA binding, clastogenicity is presented in standard laboratory screens, the 15th National Toxicology Program, Report on Carcinogens (2021) states thatcis‐platin should be reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen, despite no conclusive human epidemiological studies being available.
A four‐dimensional dynamic conformal arc approach for real‐time tumor tracking: A retrospective treatment planning study
Authors: Yau Timothy , Kempe Jeff , Gaede Stewart
Published: December 2023

Purpose

For many thoracic tumors, patient respiration can introduce a significant amount of variability in tumor position that must be accounted for during radiotherapy. Of all existing techniques, real‐time dynamic tumor tracking (DTT) represents the most ideal motion management strategy but can be limited by the treatment delivery technique. Our objective was to analyze the dosimetric performance of a dynamic conformal arc (DCA) approach to tumor tracking on standard linear accelerators that may offer similar dosimetric benefit, but with less complexity compared to intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT).

Methods

Ten patients who previously received free‐breathing VMAT for lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Patient 4D‐CT and respiratory traces were simultaneously acquired prior to treatment and re‐planned with DCA and VMAT using the Eclipse v15.6 Treatment Planning System with gated, deep inspiration breath hold (DIBH), and motion encompassment techniques taken into consideration, generating seven new plans per patient. DTT with DCA was simulated using an in‐house MATLAB script to parse the radiation dose into each phase of the 4D‐CT based on the patient's respiratory trace. Dose distributions were normalized to the same prescription and analyzed using dose volume histograms (DVHs). DVH metrics were assessed using ANOVA with subsequent paired t‐tests.

Results

The DCA‐based DTT plans outperformed or showed comparable performance in their DVH metrics compared to all other combinations of treatment techniques while using motion management in normal lung sparing (p < 0.05). Normal lung sparing was not significantly different when comparing DCA‐based DTT to gated and DIBH VMAT (p > 0.05), while both outperformed the corresponding DCA plans (p < 0.05). Simulated treatment times using DCA‐based DTT were significantly shorter than both gating and DIBH plans (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

A DCA‐based DTT technique showed significant advantages over conventional motion encompassment treatments in lung cancer radiotherapy, with comparable performance to stricter techniques like gating and DIBH while conferring greater time‐saving benefits.
Satellite‐Based On‐Orbit Printing of 3D Tumor Models
Authors: Mo Xingwu , Zhang Yanmei , Wang Zixuan , Zhou Xianhao , Zhang Zhenrui , Fang Yongcong , Fan Zilian , Guo Yihan , Zhang Ting , Xiong Zhuo
Published: December 2023

Space three dimension (3D） bioprinting provides a precise and bionic tumor model for evaluating the compound effect of the space environment on tumors, thereby providing insight into the progress of the disease and potential treatments. However, space 3D bioprinting faces several challenges, including prelaunch uncertainty, possible liquid leakage, long‐term culture in space, automatic equipment control, data acquisition, and transmission. Here, a novel satellite‐based 3D bioprinting device with high structural strength, small volume, and low weight (<6 kg) is developed. A microgel‐based biphasic thermosensitive bioink and suspension medium that supports the on‐orbit printing and in situ culture of complex tumor models is developed. An intelligent control algorithm that enables the automatic control of 3D printing, autofocusing, fluorescence imaging, and data transfer back to the ground is developed. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that on‐orbit printing of tumor models is achieved in space with stable morphology and moderate viability via a satellite. It is found that 3D tumor models are more sensitive to antitumor drugs in space than on Earth. This study opens up a new avenue for 3D bioprinting in space and offers new possibilities for future research in space life science and medicine.
Porifera‐Inspired Lightweight, Thin, Wrinkle‐Resistance, and Multifunctional MXene Foam
Authors: Pan Fei , Shi Yuyang , Yang Yang , Guo Hongtao , Li Lixin , Jiang Haojie , Wang Xiao , Zeng Zhihui , Lu Wei
Published: December 2023

Transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) demonstrate a massive potential in constructing lightweight, multifunctional wearable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shields for application in various fields. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to develop a facile, scalable approach to prepare the MXene‐based macrostructures characterized by low density, low thickness, high mechanical flexibility, and high EMI SE at the same time. Herein, the ultrathin MXene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Ag foams with a porifera‐inspired hierarchically porous microstructure are prepared by combining Zn2+ diffusion induction and hard template methods. The hierarchical porosity, which includes a mesoporous skeleton and a microporous MXene network within the skeleton, not only exerts a regulatory effect on stress distribution during compression, making the foams rubber‐like resistant to wrinkling but also provides more channels for multiple reflections of electromagnetic waves. Due to the interaction between Ag nanosheets, MXene/rGO, and porous structure, it is possible to produce an outstanding EMI shielding performance with the specific surface shielding effectiveness reaching 109152.4 dB cm2 g−1. Furthermore, the foams exhibit multifunctionalities, such as transverse Joule heating, longitudinal heat insulation, self‐cleaning, fire resistance, and motion detection. These discoveries open up a novel pathway for the development of lightweight MXene‐based materials with considerable application potential in wearable electromagnetic anti‐interference devices.
Terahertz Conductivity of Free‐Standing 3D Covalent Organic Framework Membranes Fabricated via Triple‐Layer‐Dual Interfacial Approach
Authors: Puthukkudi Adithyan , Nath Satyapriya , Shee Payel , Dutta Arpita , Rajput Chetan V. , Bommakanti Suresh , Mohapatra Jeebanjyoti , Samal Mahalaxmi , Anwar Sharmistha , Pal Shovon , Biswal Bishnu P.
Published: December 2023

Processable covalent organic framework membranes (COFM) are emerging as potential semiconducting materials for device applications. Nevertheless, the fabrication of crystalline and free‐standing 3D COFMs is challenging. In this work, a unique time and solvent‐efficient triple‐layer‐dual interfacial (TLDI) approach for the simultaneous synthesis of two 3D COFMs from a single system is developed. Besides, for the first time, the optical conductivity of these free‐standing 3D COFMs is analyzed using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy in transmission mode. Interestingly, these membranes show excellent transmittance at THz frequencies with very high intrinsic THz conductivities. The evaluated scattering time and plasma frequency of the free carriers of the COFMs are highly promising for future applications in optoelectronic devices in THz frequencies.
Vertical Graphene/Pentacene Single Crystal/Graphene Transistors for Self‐Powered Weak Light Detection and High‐Speed Imaging
Authors: Du Qianqian , Zheng Xialian , Zhang Yuting , Zhang Yanxun , Liu Yunlong , Wang Fengqiu , Liu Cailong , Zhang Linglong , Wang Wenjun , Qin Shuchao
Published: December 2023

Organic semiconductors are promising candidates for next‐generation photodetectors owing to their unique properties including large absorption coefficient and intrinsic mechanical flexibility. However, limited by high defect density, large exciton binding energy, and short exciton diffusion length, many challenges remain for fabricating high‐performance organic photodetectors, especially for scenarios where weak light sensing and high‐speed imaging are required. Herein, by coupling single‐crystal pentacene with monolayer graphene, a vertical organic phototransistor with excellent zero‐bias photon detecting capacity is demonstrated. Under self‐powered weak light condition, the responsivity and specific detectivity are 2.86 AW−1 and 3.3 × 1011 Jones (based on experiment spectral noise density), respectively. It is demonstrated that weak light down to 25 nWcm−2 can be detected. When operating with an external bias, the responsivity of the device increases dramatically (up to 105 AW−1), and a better 3 dB bandwidth (≈74 kHz) is obtained. Finally, imaging functionality is demonstrated by employing this vertical transistor as a single‐sensing pixel. This work suggests organic single crystals exhibit enormous potential in advanced optoelectronic systems, and may provide a viable route for weak light detecting and high‐speed imaging.
Can Electrochemical Aptasensors Achieve the Commercial Success of Glucose Biosensors?
Authors: Ardalan Sina , Ignaszak Anna
Published: December 2023

Enzymes and antibodies are widely available biorecognition elements in bioanalytical tools such as personal glucose monitoring (PGM) devices and lateral flow assays (LFA). Meanwhile, electrochemical aptamer‐based (EAB) sensors are promising affinity‐based bioanalytical tools with potential advantages over such conventional bioassays. However, several critical factors affect the stability of EAB sensors, pivotal for their commercialization including 1) electrode defects due to surface treatment methods, 2) hampering effects of redox molecules, 3) electrical potential‐induced aptamer detachment, 4) thermal‐induced monolayer solubilization, 5) biochemical/enzymatic degradation, 6) biofouling, and 7) inadequate statistical design and analysis in EAB sensor fabrication. Herein, antidotes for the obstacles are proposed by applying novel surface treatment methods, adapting redox molecule, tuning electrochemical tests, tweaking backfilling agents, and anti‐bio‐fouling coatings. Nonetheless, the obstacles are a driving force to clear pathways toward bringing EAB sensors to the market for therapeutic drug and metabolite monitoring, point of care sensors, macromolecule detection, and pathogen diagnostics.
Induction of Fatty Acid Oxidation Underlies DNA Damage‐Induced Cell Death and Ameliorates Obesity‐Driven Chemoresistance
Authors: Hwang Sunsook , Yang Seungyeon , Park Kyungsoo , Kim Byungjoo , Kim Minjoong , Shin Seungmin , Yoo Ahyoung , Ahn Jiyun , Jang Juneil , Yim Yeong Shin , Seong Rho H. , Jeong Seung Min
Published: December 2023

The DNA damage response is essential for preserving genome integrity and eliminating damaged cells. Although cellular metabolism plays a central role in cell fate decision between proliferation, survival, or death, the metabolic response to DNA damage remains largely obscure. Here, this work shows that DNA damage induces fatty acid oxidation (FAO), which is required for DNA damage‐induced cell death. Mechanistically, FAO induction increases cellular acetyl‐CoA levels and promotes N‐alpha‐acetylation of caspase‐2, leading to cell death. Whereas chemotherapy increases FAO related genes through peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα), accelerated hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α stabilization by tumor cells in obese mice impedes the upregulation of FAO, which contributes to its chemoresistance. Finally, this work finds that improving FAO by PPARα activation ameliorates obesity‐driven chemoresistance and enhances the outcomes of chemotherapy in obese mice. These findings reveal the shift toward FAO induction is an important metabolic response to DNA damage and may provide effective therapeutic strategies for cancer patients with obesity.
Hydrogel Crosslinked with Nanoparticles for Prevention of Surgical Hemorrhage and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Qi , Wu Han , Li Xu , Li Min‐Yu , Li Zhen‐Li , Xu Xin‐Fei , Gu Li‐Hui , Yin Dong‐Xu , Shen Feng , Huang Dong‐Sheng , Yang Tian
Published: December 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is acknowledged as an immunosuppressive neoplasm, whereby the inactive microenvironment facilitates immune tolerance and evasion of HCC. Post‐surgical resected liver cancer exhibits a proclivity for relapse, rendering prevention of recurrence challenging as it may transpire at any point subsequent to surgery. Among the various anti‐recurrence interventions, the primary clinical approach involving the administration of regimens atezolizumab and bevacizumab (A+T) is deemed the most efficacious in reversing the tumor microenvironment, albeit still lacking in complete satisfaction. Therefore, the objective is to utilize a recently developed block copolymer as a protective carrier for two specific monoclonal antibody drugs. Subsequently, a modified hemostatic hydrogel will be synthesized for application during hepatic surgery. The immunotherapy impact of this approach is significantly prolonged and intensified due to the combined hemostasis properties and controlled release of the constituents within the synthesized nanocomposite hydrogel. Furthermore, these nanocomposite hydrogels exhibit remarkable efficacy in preventing postoperative wound bleeding and substantially enhancing the safety of liver cancer resection. This research on the anti‐recurrence hydrogel system presents a novel therapeutic approach for addressing local recurrence of liver cancer, potentially offering a substantial contribution to the field of surgical treatment for liver cancer in the future.
Phase Transition Liquid Metal Enabled Emerging Biomedical Technologies and Applications
Authors: Gao Shang , Yang Yaxiong , Falchevskaya Aleksandra S. , Vinogradov Vladimir V. , Yuan Bo , Liu Jing , Sun Xuyang
Published: December 2023

Phase change materials that can absorb or release large amounts of heat during phase transition, play a critical role in many important processes, including heat dissipation, thermal energy storage, and solar energy utilization. In general, phase change materials are usually encapsulated in passive modules to provide assurance for energy management. The shape and mechanical changes of these materials are greatly ignored. An emerging class of phase change materials, liquid metals (LMs) have attracted significant interest beyond thermal management, including in transformable robots, flexible electronics, soft actuators, and biomedicine. Interestingly, the melting point of LM is highly tunable around body temperature, allowing it to experience considerable stiffness change when interacting with human organisms during solid–liquid change, which brings about novel phenomena, applied technologies, and therapeutic methods, such as mechanical destruction of tumors, neural electrode implantation technique, and embolization therapy. This review focuses on the technology, regulation, and application of the phase change process along with diverse changes of LM to facilitate emerging biomedical applications based on the influences of mechanical stiffness change and versatile regulation strategies. Typical applications will also be categorized and summarized. Lastly, the advantages and challenges of using the unique and reversible process for biomedicine will be discussed.
Metal‐Organic Framework Glass as a Functional Filler Enables Enhanced Performance of Solid‐State Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ding Junwei , Du Tao , Thomsen Emil H. , Andresen David , Fischer Mathias R. , Møller Anders K. , Petersen Andreas R. , Pedersen Andreas K. , Jensen Lars R. , Wang Shiwen , Smedskjaer Morten M.
Published: December 2023

Polymers are promising candidates as solid‐state electrolytes due to their performance and processability, but fillers play a critical role in adjusting the polymer network structure and electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Most fillers studied so far are anisotropic, limiting the possibility of homogeneous ion transport. Here, applying metal‐organic framework (MOF) glass as an isotropic functional filler, solid‐state polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes are prepared. Calorimetric and diffusion kinetics tests show that the MOF glass addition reduces the glass transition temperature of the polymer phase, improving the mobility of the polymer chains, and thereby facilitating lithium (Li) ion transport. By also incorporating the lithium salt and ionic liquid (IL), Li–Li symmetric cell tests of the PEO‐lithium salt‐MOF glass‐IL electrolyte reveal low overpotential, indicating low interfacial impedance. Simulations show that the isotropic structure of the MOF glass facilitates the wettability of the IL by enhancing interfacial interactions, leading to a less confined IL structure that promotes Li‐ion mobility. Finally, the obtained electrolyte is used to construct Li–lithium iron phosphate full batteries that feature high cycle stability and rate capability. This work therefore demonstrates how an isotropic functional filler can be used to enhance the electrochemical performance of solid‐state polymer electrolytes.
Mechanical Metamaterials for Handwritten Digits Recognition
Authors: Wu Lingling , Lu Yuyang , Li Penghui , Wang Yong , Xue Jiacheng , Tian Xiaoyong , Ge Shenhao , Li Xiaowen , Zhai Zirui , Lu Junqiang , Lu Xiaoli , Li Dichen , Jiang Hanqing
Published: December 2023

The increasing needs for new types of computing lie in the requirements in harsh environments. In this study, the successful development of a non‐electrical neural network is presented that functions based on mechanical computing. By overcoming the challenges of low mechanical signal transmission efficiency and intricate layout design methodologies, a mechanical neural network based on bistable kirigami‐based mechanical metamaterials have designed. In preliminary tests, the system exhibits high reliability in recognizing handwritten digits and proves operable in low‐temperature environments. This work paves the way for a new, alternative computing system with broad applications in areas where electricity is not accessible. By integrating with the traditional electronic computers, the present system lays the foundation for a more diversified form of computing.
Gate‐tunable Thermoelectric Effect in Oxide Thin Films at Room Temperature
Authors: Chatterjee Arindom , Lobato Carlos Nunez , Rosendal Victor , Anhøj Thomas Aarøe , Grivel Jean‐Claude , Trier Felix , Christensen Dennis Valbjørn , Pryds Nini
Published: December 2023

Over the past several decades, major efforts have been directed toward the optimization of carrier concentrations to maximize thermoelectric performance. Chemical doping is an effective way to control carriers, but electrostatic gating provides a continuous tuning knob that enables effective and dynamic changes to the carrier density. Here, a method is reported that uses an electric‐double‐layer (EDL) transistor‐based ionic liquids gating to adjust the thermoelectric properties of thin films made from Nb‐doped SrTiO3 (Nb‐STO). This technique allows us to effectively change these properties at room temperature by varying the concentration of charge carriers within a broad range. A combination of lower film thickness and intrinsic carrier concentration leads to an enhanced ionic liquid‐gated response, resulting in an 18‐fold enhancement in power factor at room temperature for a 14 nm thin 4% Nb‐STO film at gate voltages within ±3.0 V. The present study offers new insights and strategies toward enhanced gate tunable thermoelectric properties in thin films.
A novel neuroimaging signature for ADRD risk stratification in the community
Authors: Satizabal Claudia L. , Beiser Alexa S. , Fletcher Evan , Seshadri Sudha , DeCarli Charles
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

Early risk stratification for clinical dementia could lead to preventive therapies. We identified and validated a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signature for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ARDR).

METHODS

An MRI ADRD signature was derived from cortical thickness maps in Framingham Heart Study (FHS) participants with AD dementia and matched controls. The signature was related to the risk of ADRD and cognitive function in FHS. Results were replicated in the University of California Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (UCD‐ADRC) cohort.

RESULTS

Participants in the bottom quartile of the signature had more than three times increased risk for ADRD compared to those in the upper three quartiles (P < 0.001). Greater thickness in the signature was related to better general cognition (P < 0.01) and episodic memory (P = 0.01). Results replicated in UCD‐ADRC.

DISCUSSION

We identified a robust neuroimaging biomarker for persons at increased risk of ADRD. Other cohorts will further test the validity of this biomarker.
Alterations of Cortical Structure and Neurophysiology in Parkinson's Disease Are Aligned with Neurochemical Systems
Authors: Wiesman Alex I. , da Silva Castanheira Jason , Fon Edward A. , Baillet Sylvain ,   PREVENT‐AD Research Group,   Quebec Parkinson Network
Published: December 2023

Objective

Parkinson's disease (PD) affects the structural integrity and neurophysiological signaling of the cortex. These alterations are related to the motor and cognitive symptoms of the disease. How these changes are related to the neurochemical systems of the cortex is unknown.

Methods

We used T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure cortical thickness and task‐free neurophysiological activity in patients with idiopathic PD (nMEG = 79, nMRI = 65) and matched healthy controls (nMEG = 65, nMRI = 37). Using linear mixed‐effects models, we examined the topographical alignment of cortical structural and neurophysiological alterations in PD with cortical atlases of 19 neurotransmitter receptor and transporter densities.

Results

We found that neurophysiological alterations in PD occur primarily in brain regions rich in acetylcholinergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic systems, with protective implications for cognitive and psychiatric symptoms. In contrast, cortical thinning occurs preferentially in regions rich in noradrenergic systems, and the strength of this alignment relates to motor deficits.

Interpretation

This study shows that the spatial organization of neurophysiological and structural alterations in PD is relevant for nonmotor and motor impairments. The data also advance the identification of the neurochemical systems implicated. The approach uses novel nested atlas modeling methodology that is transferrable to research in other neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases and syndromes. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:802–816
Friction properties of graphene reinforced nitrile rubber composites after thermal oxidation aging: Experiment and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Yu Mengmeng , Yang Yadi , Jiang Bowen , Bai Genyuan
Published: December 2023

We established friction models for pure NBR, GNS/NBR, and GO/NBR composites through molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Our study focused on the impact of GNS and GO on the friction properties of nitrile rubber (NBR) composite materials after undergoing thermal oxygen aging. Based on the simulation results, it can be observed that the GNS/NBR and GO/NBR composites' coefficient of friction (COF) decreases by 20.8% and 24.8%, respectively, at 348 K. Additionally, the abrasion rate is reduced by 17.4% and 25.7%, respectively, for the same composites. Adding GNS and GO can effectively improve the friction performance of the NBR composite system, and compared with GNS, GO shows a better enhancement effect. Pure NBR and GO/NBR composite materials were prepared by mechanical blending method, and the friction properties of GO‐enhanced NBR composite materials were studied. The experimental results show that the GO/NBR composite material can maintain a low friction and wear coefficient after thermal and oxygen aging. It shows that adding GO can effectively improve the friction properties of NBR composite systems and slow down the weakening effect of aging on the friction properties of NBR composite materials. This is because the GO surface contains wealthy functional groups such as epoxy groups, which enhances the binding strength between the GO and NBR interface so that the GO/NBR composite material exhibits better friction properties and thermal oxygen aging resistance. In addition, the wear surface was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing the damage mechanism of friction and wear of NBR composite materials.
Prognostic Role of Interferon‐λ3 in Anti–Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Gene 5–Positive Dermatomyositis‐Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Authors: Fukada Atsuki , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Hozumi Hironao , Koda Keigo , Akamatsu Taisuke , Oyama Yoshiyuki , Satake Yasuomi , Niwa Mitsuru , Kaida Yusuke , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Yokomura Koshi , Koshimizu Naoki , Toyoshima Mikio , Imokawa Shiro , Hashimoto Dai , Yoshida Akira , Gono Takahisa , Kuwana Masataka , Yamano Yasuhiko , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Yamashita Keita , Maekawa Masato , Mori Kazutaka , Inoue Yusuke , Yasui Hideki , Suzuki Yuzo , Karayama Masato , Furuhashi Kazuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Inui Naoki , Suda Takafumi
Published: December 2023

Objective

Interferon‐λ3 (IFNλ3) is a cytokine with antiviral functions on barrier surfaces, and it is associated with disease activity in autoimmune diseases. This study assessed the clinical significance of serum IFNλ3 levels in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM)–associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods

We measured serum IFNλ3 levels in 221 patients with PM/DM‐ILD (155 in the derivation cohort, 66 in the validation cohort) and 38 controls. We evaluated factors associated with mortality risk among 79 patients with anti‐melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) antibody–positive DM‐ILD.

Results

Serum IFNλ3 levels at diagnosis were significantly higher in patients with PM/DM‐ILD than in healthy controls. Remarkably, serum IFNλ3 levels were specifically increased in patients with anti‐MDA5 antibody–positive DM‐ILD in both the derivation and validation cohorts. In anti‐MDA5 antibody–positive DM‐ILD, patients with high IFNλ3 levels (>120 pg/mL) had significantly lower survival rates than those with low IFNλ3 levels (≤120 pg/mL). A multivariate analysis revealed that high IFNλ3 levels, as well as old age and low Pao2, were significantly associated with poor prognoses in patients with anti‐MDA5 antibody–positive DM‐ILD. In a classification analysis of patients with anti‐MDA5 antibody–positive DM‐ILD based on age, IFNλ3 level, and Pao2, patients with old age (>53 years), high IFNλ3 levels (>120 pg/mL), and low Pao2 (<75 mm Hg) had the worst survival. In lung pathologic analyses, IFNλ3‐positive staining was observed in macrophages, airway epithelial cells, the pleural region, and intrapulmonary veins in patients with anti‐MDA5 antibody–positive DM‐ILD.

Conclusion

Serum IFNλ3 is a promising biomarker for identifying patients at high risk of poor outcomes in anti‐MDA5 antibody–positive DM‐ILD.
How do higher degree research students and supervisors navigate ethics‐in‐practice for educational research in sensitive or ‘fragile’ contexts?
Authors: Burke Rachel , Baker Sally , Molla Tebeje , Cabiles Bonita , Fox Alison
Published: December 2023

The past decade has seen increased attention paid to the ethical complexities of educational research undertaken in sensitive or ‘fragile’ settings, where trauma, marginalisation and socio‐political precarity are prevalent. Yet, despite increased awareness of micro‐ethical issues encountered in the field, there is limited research that engages with these issues from the perspective of higher degree research (HDR) students, and few studies that focus on supervisory practices to promote micro‐ethical reflexivity. Here, we draw on interviews with HDR students and supervisors researching in the fragile context of forced migration and related settings of conflict and crisis, exploring issues of gendered violence, sexuality, cultural and linguistic marginalisation, and mental and physical well‐being, to explore their experiences with micro‐ethical complexities in fieldwork. We consider student and supervisor sense of preparedness to engage reflexively with micro‐ethical challenges and identify key supports for navigating ethics‐related dilemmas. Importantly, in exploring gaps in extant supports, we consider issues of individual, collective and institutional responsibility regarding HDR student and supervisor engagement with micro‐ethics, posing key questions about duty of care for novice researchers working in fragile or sensitive contexts.
A biothiols and H2O2 responsive fluorescence probe for selective cancer imaging
Authors: Yin Nan , Qin Guixin , Wang Yuting , Tang Jiali , Yao Xin , Xu Qingling
Published: December 2023

Identification of cancer from normal tissues is important for early diagnosis of cancer. Combined detection of multiple tumor markers is important for accurate diagnosis. It is urgent to develop fluorescent probes that are responsive to multiple cancer characterizations for selective cancer imaging. Herein, we designed a novel near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe (IRAPA) using a hemi‐cyanine skeleton as fluorophore and 3‐acrylamidopropanoic ester as recognizing unit that is responsive to both oxidative and reductive molecules. IRAPA has faint fluorescence emission as the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process is blocked. H2O2, glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) can individually induce the hydrolysis of ester bond and give fluorescent NIR IROH. IRAPA shows low cytotoxicity and produces strong fluorescence specifically in cancer cells/tissues. While the normal cells/tissues showed very weak fluorescence. Moreover, IRAPA shows higher differences between cancer and normal cells compared to probes that only response to biothiols or ROS.
Clear the air via dividends: Corporates' response to air pollution
Authors: Li Weiping , Zhang Xuezhi , Cheng Shuyi , Ren Xiaohang
Published: December 2023

Based on China A‐share listed firms, we investigate how firms respond to air pollution using the dividend payout policy. We highlight the signaling role of dividends, documenting that firms pay higher dividends to appease and attract investors when facing more severe pollution. This effect is more pronounced when investor attention is high and less salient if shareholder governance is strong, reinforcing the signaling hypothesis and substitute model of dividend theory. Our results reject the hypothesis that air pollution decreases dividend payouts by enlarging a firm's financial constraints and cash flow uncertainty.
A multi‐level analysis of individual green entrepreneurial orientation: Evidence from Taiwan's environmental protection sectors
Authors: Huang Yi‐Chun , Shih Li‐Ting , Cheng Zhao‐Hong
Published: December 2023

Green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO) plays a pivotal role in reconciling economic growth with environmental sustainability. This research focuses on the individual green entrepreneurial orientation (IGEO) of mid‐level managers. In particular, it aims to explore how individual, environmental, and organizational factors foster IGEO. The data were collected from a total of 102 small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs), as well as 510 mid‐level managers operating within Taiwan's environmental protection sector. Subsequently, the gathered data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) techniques. The study found that green opportunity identification and entrepreneurial motivation notably influence various aspects of IGEO. In addition, elements like a green institutional environment, corporate green resources, and corporate environmental policies significantly boost IGEO. However, no significant links were found between a green institutional environment and green innovativeness or between corporate environmental policies and green proactiveness. This study provides a valuable contribution to GEO research, specifically focusing on SMEs and environmentally sustainable initiatives within developing economies.
Regulating the relationship between Zn2+ and water molecules in electrolytes for aqueous zinc‐based batteries
Authors: Chen Jiahao , Yan Zhongfu , Li Kun , Hu Anjun , Yang Borui , Li Ting , He Miao , Li Yuanjian , Wei Seh Zhi , Long Jianping
Published: December 2023

Aqueous zinc‐based batteries (AZBs) with the advantages of high safety, low cost, and satisfactory energy density are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for future energy storage systems. Rampant dendrite growth and severe side reactions that occur at the Zn anode hinder its further development. Recently, a growing number of studies have demonstrated that side reactions are closely related to the active water molecules belonging to the Zn2+ solvated structure in the electrolyte, and reducing the occurrence of side reactions by regulating the relationship between the above two has proven to be a reliable pathway. Nevertheless, a systematic summary of the intrinsic mechanisms and practical applications of the route is lacking. This review presents a detailed description of the close connection between H2O and side reactions at Zn anodes and gives a comprehensive review of experimental strategies to inhibit side reactions by modulating the relationship between Zn2+ and H2O, including anode interface engineering and electrolyte engineering. In addition, further implementation of the above strategies and the modification means for future Zn anodes are discussed.