bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three saprobic Dothideomycetes from the aerial parts of mangrove trees with polyphenism in Striatiguttula
Authors: Kumar Vinit , Thambugala Kasun M , Sarma V Venkatesh , Cheewangkoon R , Wen Ting Chi
Published: February 2021

Fungi inhabiting the aerial parts of two mangrove trees, Nypa fruticans, and Rhizophora apiculata, were studied from the central region of Thailand, utilizing morpho-molecular characteristics. Three different fungal taxa were isolated including Rhytidhysteron kirshnacephalus sp. nov., Lasiodiplodia citricola and Striatiguttula phoenicis. Sexual morphs are reported for these three taxa and the asexual morph of Striatiguttula phoenicis is identified based on molecular data. This is the first asexual morph report for the genus Striatiguttula as well as the family Striatiguttulaceae. The new isolate of Striatiguttula phoenicis differs slightly from other extant species in the genus in terms of measurements of ascomata, asci, ascospores, and thickness of peridium. Also, a pigmented hamathecium was observed in this species. The morphological results are congruent to the phylogenetic results of previous studies and support Striatiguttula phoenicis as a new host record from Nypa fruticans. Rhytidhysteron kirshnacephalus was collected from dead twigs of a standing Rhizophora apiculata in Cha-am and it has significant morphological and molecular differences to support its establishment as a novel taxon. Phylogenetically, Rhytidhysteron kirshnacephalus forms a sister clade to Rh. magnoliae, but has different ascomatal characters, including, smooth margins without striations and black pruina. Lasiodiplodia citricola is another species from Cha-am and a new record from Thai mangroves. Detailed descriptions of the isolates, along with their potential ecological roles, are provided. We have also provided the occurrence of fungi from the aerial parts of mangrove trees worldwide.
Spatial-temporal Assessment of historical and projected drought events over Isiolo County, Kenya using Self Calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index
Authors: Ochieng phillip , Nyandega Isaiah , Wambua Boniface
Published: February 2021

This study was to determine the spatiotemporal characteristics of historical and projected drought events throughout Isiolo County, Kenya, through using self-calibrating Palmer drought severity index (scPDSI). The scPDSI is a complex and robust drought index that applies the water balance model by incorporating the role played by evapotranspiration and soil properties on drought analysis therefore making it appropriate to identify the linkages between meteorological, agricultural and hydrological droughts. The historical scPDSI was computed at a monthly timescale using a 39-year long monthly mean precipitation data from Climate Hazard Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS) and monthly average temperature data from the Climate Research Unit (CRU). The climatological (1950-1996) available water holding capacity (AWHC) of the soil was obtained from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC) for biochemical dynamics at a spatial resolution of 1o x 1o. The projected scPDSI under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) was computed using bias corrected monthly temperature and precipitation model output data from Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX). The datasets were extracted for ten grid points in the County. The scPDSI was used to assess the historical and projected duration, severity, and intensity of droughts. The major significant historical and projected drought events and their characteristics were clearly identified using the run theory. ScPDSI runs have shown that more severe drought events dominated the period between 1980 and 2000. ScPDSI had the longest dry event duration of 61 months and a severity of 126.412 with adverse effects on the eastern locations. The projected drought events identified Mar 2046 –Mar 2048 under RCP4.5 to be the most severe drought lasting for 25 months with severity of 59.292 while under RCP8.5 run Nov 2042 – Nov 2046 is identified as the most severe, 114.362 with the duration of water stress anticipated to last for 49 months. To examine the spatial variability of the drought events in the County, the Empirical Orthogonal Analysis (EOF) was applied to the historical and projected scPDSI time series. The EOF results indicated that the two leading eigen vectors accounted for over 85% of the spatial variability for both historical and projected droughts under the RCPs. Subsequently, the Mann-Kendall (MK) test was applied to the projected scPDSI, temperature and precipitation timeseries in order to determine the local expected drought trends. The MK test of the identified significant increase in trend for temperatures under RCP8.5 and precipitation under RCP4.5 towards the end of the last decade under the study period considered. Both scenarios showed a decline in trends of drought events in Isiolo County from 2020-2050.
Effects of management of infection source of echinococcosis in Linzhi, Tibet autonomous region of China
Authors: Wang Ying , Ma Bing-Cheng , Wang Liying , Quzhen Gongsang , Pang Hua-Sheng
Published: February 2021

Background Echinococcosis is highly endemic in western and northern China, Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) is the most serious prevalent area. Linzhi is located in southeastern part of TAR. Dogs are the primary infection source for the transmission of echinococcosis to humans. A control and prevention campaign based on dog management has been implemented in the past three years. This study aims to evaluate the effects of dog management on the infection rate of dogs.Methods Data of dog population, registration and de-worming of seven counties/district in Linzhi between 2017 and 2019 were obtained from the annual prevention and control report. Domestic dog fecal samples were collected from each endemic town of seven counties/district in Linzhi in 2019 to determine the infection of domestic dogs using coproantigen ELISA. Data analysis was processed using SPSS statistics to compare dog infection rate between 2016 and 2019 by chi-square test, and maps were mapped using ArcGIS.Results In Linzhi, domestic dog population has decreased from 17407 in 2017 to 12663 in 2019, whilethe registration rate has increased from 75.9% in 2017 to 98.6% in 2019. Similarly, stray dog populationhas decreased from 14336 in 2017 to 11837 in 2019, while sheltered ratehas increased from 84.6% in 2017 to 96.6% in 2019.Dog de-worming frequency has increased from four times per annum in 2017 to 12 times in 2019, indicating that approximately every dog was dewormed monthly. A total number of 2715 dog fecal samples were collected for coproantigen ELISA assay. The dog infection rate was 2.8% (77/2715) in 2019, which was significantly lower than7.3% (45/618) in 2016 (P<0.05).Conclusions Increased dog registration, decreased dog population, and increased dog de-worming frequency contributed to significantly decreased the dog infection rate in Linzhi, TAR. Control and prevention campaign based on dog management could significantly decrease dog infection with Echinococcus spp. in echinococcosis endemic areas.
The Use of Virtual Reality to Reduce Stress among Night-Shift Anesthesiologists: Study Protocol for a Cross-Over Trial
Authors: Chen Chaojin , Chen Liubing , Shen Ning , Luo Chenfang , Wang Ren , Fang Hongyi , Zhang Qi , Hei Ziqing
Published: February 2021

Background: Because of the lack of anesthesia workforce, anesthesiologists are forced to work overtime and more night shifts; this can disturb their biological rhythm and cause severe stress and depression, potentially leading to negative and even devastating outcomes for both themselves and patients. Virtual reality (VR), which is a new method to reduce stress and pain for patients, has been widely used in biomedical fields. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential effectiveness of VR technology in reducing stress among night-shift anesthesiologists.Methods: In this randomized controlled, crossover, single-center clinical trial, a total of 30 anesthesiologists will be enrolled and randomized in a 1:1 allocation to either the VR immersion group (intervention group) or the routine night-shift group (control group) with a washout of 1 week. Anesthesiologists in the intervention group will undergo VR immersion twice, while anesthesiologists in the control group will not watch VR videos during the night shift. The primary outcome will be the difference in the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) score between the two groups. Secondary outcomes will include the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS), perceived stress scores (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20) scores; levels of satisfaction among the participants; incidence of arrhythmia; and incidence of chest tightness, headache, and palpitations.Discussion: It is unknown whether the use of VR technology during the night shift can reduce stress among anesthesiologists. With the widespread use of VR technology, a positive result in this trial could spur hospitals to apply VR technology to reduce stress among night-shift doctors in every department and provide a relatively relaxed working environment.Trial registration: ChiCTR2000031025
Different effects of monophasic pulses and biphasic pulses applied by a bipolar stimulation electrode in the rat hippocampal CA1 region
Authors: Yuan Yue , Zheng Lvpiao , Feng Zhouyan , Yang Gangsheng
Published: February 2021

Background: Electrical pulse stimulations have been applied in brain for treating certain diseases such as movement disorders. High-frequency stimulations (HFS) of biphasic pulses have been used in clinic stimulations, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), to minimize the risk of tissue damages caused by the electrical stimulations. However, HFS sequences of monophasic pulses have often been used in animal experiments for studying neuronal responses to the stimulations. It is not clear yet what the differences of the neuronal responses to the HFS of monophasic pulses from the HFS of biphasic pulses are. Methods: To investigate the neuronal responses to the two types of pulses, orthodromic-HFS (O-HFS) and antidromic-HFS (A-HFS) of biphasic and monophasic pulses (1-min) were delivered by bipolar electrodes respectively to the Schaffer collaterals (i.e., afferent fibers) and the alveus fibers (i.e., efferent fibers) of the rat hippocampal CA1 region in-vivo. Evoked population spikes of CA1 pyramidal neurons to the HFSs were recorded in the CA1 region. In addition, single pulses of antidromic- and orthodromic-test stimuli were applied before and after HFSs to evaluate the baseline and the recovery of neuronal activity, respectively. Results: Spreading depression (SD) appeared during sequences of 200 Hz monophasic O-HFS with a high incidence (4/5), but did not appear during corresponding 200 Hz biphasic O-HFS (0/6). A preceding burst of population spikes appeared before the SD waveforms. Then, the SD propagated slowly, silenced neuronal firing temporarily and resulted in partial recovery of orthodromically-evoked population spikes (OPS) after the end of O-HFS. No SD events appeared during the O-HFS with a lower frequency of 100 Hz of monophasic or biphasic pulses (0/5 and 0/6, respectively), neither during the A-HFS of 200 Hz pulses (0/9). The antidromically-evoked population spikes (APS) after 200 Hz biphasic A-HFS recovered to baseline level within ~2 min. However, the APS only recovered partially after the 200 Hz A-HFS of monophasic pulses.Conclusions: The O-HFS with a higher frequency of monophasic pulses can induce the abnormal neuron activity of SD and the A-HFS of monophasic pulses can cause a persisting attenuation of neuronal excitability, indicating neuronal damages caused by monophasic stimulations in brain tissues. The results provide guidance for proper stimulation protocols in clinic and animal experiments.
Parasite genetic diversity reflects continued residual malaria transmission in Vhembe District, a hotspot in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Authors: Gwarinda Hazel B. , Tessema Sofonias K. , Raman Jaishree , Greenhouse Bryan , Birkholtz Lyn-Marie
Published: February 2021

Background South Africa aims to eliminate malaria transmission by 2023. However, despite sustained vector control efforts and case management interventions, the Vhembe District remains a malaria transmission hotspot. To better understand Plasmodium falciparum transmission dynamics in the area, this study characterized the genetic diversity of parasites circulating within the Vhembe District.Methods A total of 1153 falciparum-positive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were randomly collected from seven clinics within the district, over three consecutive years (2016, 2017 and 2018) during the wet and dry malaria transmission seasons. Using 26 neutral microsatellite markers, differences in genetic diversity were described using a multiparameter scale of multiplicity of infection (MOI), inbreeding metric (Fws), number of unique alleles (A), expected heterozygosity (He), multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic differentiation, and were associated with temporal and geospatial variances. Results A total of 747 (65%) samples were successfully genotyped. Moderate to high genetic diversity (mean He = 0.74 ± 0.03) was observed in the parasite population. This was ascribed to high allelic richness (mean A = 12.2 ± 1.2). The majority of samples (99%) had unique multi-locus genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity in the sample set. Complex infections were observed in 66% of samples (mean MOI = 2.13 ± 0.04), with 33% of infections showing high within-host diversity as described by the Fws metric. Low, but significant LD (standardised index of association, ISA = 0.08, P < 0.001) was observed that indicates recombination of distinct clones. Limited impact of temporal (FST range -0.00005 to 0.0003) and spatial (FST = –0.028 to 0.023) variation on genetic diversity existed during the sampling timeframe and study sites respectively. Conclusion Consistent with the Vhembe District’s classification as a 'high' transmission setting within South Africa, P. falciparum diversity in the area was moderate to high and complex. This study showed that genetic diversity within the parasite population reflects the continued residual transmission observed in the Vhembe District. This data can be used as a reference point for the assessment of the effectiveness of on-going interventions over time, the identification of imported cases and/or outbreaks, as well as monitoring for the potential spread of anti-malarial drug resistance.
RDmap: A Map for Exploring Rare Diseases
Authors: Yang Jian , Dong Cong , Duan Huilong , Shu Qiang , Li Haomin
Published: February 2021

Background: The complexity of the phenotypic characteristics and molecular bases of many rare human genetic diseases makes the diagnosis of such diseases a challenge for clinicians. A map for visualizing, locating and navigating rare diseases based on similarity will help clinicians and researchers understand and easily explore these diseases. Methods: A distance matrix of rare diseases included in Orphanet was measured by calculating the quantitative distance among phenotypes and pathogenic genes based on Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) and Gene Ontology (GO), and each disease was mapped into Euclidean space. A rare disease map, enhanced by clustering classes and disease information, was developed based on ECharts. Results: A rare disease map called RDmap was published at http://rdmap.nbscn.org. Total 3,287 rare diseases are included in the phenotype-based map, and 3,789 rare genetic diseases are included in the gene-based map; 1,718 overlapping diseases are connected between two maps. RDmap works similarly to the widely used Google Map service and supports zooming and panning. The phenotype similarity base disease location function performed better than traditional keyword searches in an in silico evaluation, and 20 published cases of rare diseases also demonstrated that RDmap can assist clinicians in seeking the rare disease diagnosis. Conclusion: RDmap is the first user-interactive map-style rare disease knowledgebase. It will help clinicians and researchers explore the increasingly complicated realm of rare genetic diseases.
ETUDE DE LA SENSIBILITE VARIETALE DE LA TOMATE (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) AU FLETRISSEMENT BACTERIEN DU A RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM DANS LA VALLEE DU FLEUVE SENEGAL
Authors:   Institut senegalais de recherches agricoles (ISRA)/Centre pour le Developpement de lHorticulture (CDH), BP : 3120 Dakar Bel-Air Senegal., Drame Boubacar , Demba Kane Papa ,   Institut senegalais de recherches agricoles (ISRA)/Centre pour le Developpement de lHorticulture (CDH), BP : 3120 Dakar Bel-Air Senegal., Aziz Mbaye Abdoul ,   Institut senegalais de recherches agricoles (ISRA)/Centre pour le Developpement de lHorticulture (CDH), BP : 3120 Dakar Bel-Air Senegal., Faye Abdoulaye ,   Direction de la Protecton des Vegetaux (DPV), Laboratoire de Phytopathologie BP : 20054 Thiaroye, Senegal., Noba Kandioura ,   Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Faculte des Sciences et Techniques, Departement de Biologie vegetale, BP : 5005 Dakar, Senegal.
Published: February 2021

La tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) occupe le second rang des cultures horticoles au Senegal et joue un role socio-economique important dans leconomie senegalaise. Les zones de production au niveau des parcelles de production de tomate industrielle dans la vallee du fleuve Senegal connaissent lemergence de degats recurrents causes par le fletrissement bacterien. Des etudes comparatives dune dizaine de varietes de tomates selon leur sensibilite au fletrissement bacterien pour la selection varietale tolerantes ont ete effectuees durant deux campagnes de production en milieu paysan avec un dispositif randomise. Lessai a ete dispose en bloc aleatoire complet avec trois repetitions. Les observations et mesures ont porte sur la sensibilite des varietes au fletrissement bacterien et sur les rendements obtenus Ã la recolte. Sur la base de levaluation des parametres agronomiques et de lincidence par rapport au pathogene, les varietes Mongal, Cobra, Makis f1 et Platinum 701 F1 ont montre une tolerance au fletrissement bacterien durant les deux annees successives dessai.
UNDERSTANDING LA LIGA: ARE MATCH PERFORMANCES AND PLAYER MARKET VALUE RELATED?
Authors: Sengupta Shounak
Published: February 2021

Football- one of the most popular sports worldwide, has emerged as a huge centre of business. Through this research study, I aim to understand the relationship between match performances of footballers and their respective values in the European Transfer Market. This paper explores this particular trend in the latest season of La Liga 2019/20 (Spanish Division one football). This study also focuses on understanding whether players of foreign nationalities have been understood to have a higher value compared to the home-grown players of the league.
BEHAVIOR THERAPY PRINCIPLES, RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS
Authors:   Tom Mboya University College., Chemutai Kimaiyo Lilian
Published: February 2021

Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods through regular interactions (counselling sessions) with clients to help them change behaviour and overcome problems with the aim of improving their well being and mental health. Psychotherapists may be psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers or professional counsellors. This paper examines Behaviour Therapy approach which is one form of psychotherapy available for use by practitioners. It outlines the key ideas of behavior therapy, recent developments in the field and contributions in the field of behavior medicine.
MITOTICALLY ACTIVE LEIOMYOMAS OF THE UTERUS: ABOUT TWO CASES
Authors:   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., El Hilali Fouzia , Aalalou Hayat ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., Mohamed Lemine Meimouna ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., Karam Saoud Mohamed ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., a Nissrinemamouni ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., Errarhay Sanaa ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., Bouchikhi Chahrazed ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco., Banani Abdelaziz ,   Departement of Gynecology-Obstetrics 1, Hassan II University Hospital Center,Fez, Morroco.
Published: February 2021

Mitotically active leiomyomasis a rare histologic entity of smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. They have the same clinical behavior as an oridinary leiomyoma, histologically characterized by a mitotic activity higher than 5mitoses/high power field, without necrosis or cellular atypia. We report two cases of patients aged 48 and 61 years old respectively, presenting abdominal mass, their paraclinical examinations evoked a uterine leiomyosarcoma, a radical treatment was performed for the two patients, the anatomopathologic examination showedleiomyomas with increased mitotic activity.
UNCOMMON ANORECTAL PATHOLOGY: ANORECTAL MELANOMA
Authors:   Pathology Department, Mohammed Vi University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Boukis Fatima , Boujguenna Imane ,   Pathology Department, Mohammed Vi University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Fakhri Anass ,   Pathology Department, Mohammed Vi University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco., Rais Hanane ,   Pathology Department, Mohammed Vi University Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco.
Published: February 2021

Anorectal melanoma (AM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, characterized by a poor prognosis. It accounts for 0.4â€“1.6% of all melanomas, and only 1% of anorectal malignant tumors [1]. It is difficult to diagnose due to the hidden site and nonspecific symptoms, occurring usually at a late stage. The most common symptom is rectal bleeding. There are various histological variants of AM. There is currently no consensus of treatment the typical therapeutic approach remains surgical resection however, this is not associated with improved overall survival [2,3]. We present a case of a 52-year old male complaining of rectal bleeding and pain for about 4 months, which were attributed to hemorrhoids. Rectal examination revealed an irregular mass near the anal verge. Biopsies were taken for analysis, they were fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin embedded and routinely stained with Hematoxylinâ€“ Eosin. Immunohistochemical investigations were done by using antibodies against cytokeratin (CK), P40, HMB45 and Melan A.
Lo psicosocial, una lectura que trascienda la unión de conceptos y relaciones
Authors: Trujillo Urrego Andrés Santiago , Palacios Moreno Lina Patricia
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de la siguiente reflexión consiste en hacer una lectura acerca de la noción de lo psicosocial. Esta convoca a una revisión crítica para aportar elementos de reflexión en la realización de intervenciones psicosociales o caracterizar las formas de comprender procesos de transformación social que impliquen al sujeto y a la comunidad. En este sentido, se interroga ¿de qué manera los profesionales de las ciencias sociales y humanas hacen lectura de contexto e intervienen bajo este híbrido conceptual? Para ello se parte de la crítica hacia el uso indiscriminado del concepto en las múltiples formas en que este es utilizado por parte de los profesionales de las ciencias sociales y humanas; asimismo, de la lectura de este a la luz de la psicología social, gracias a la cual se trasciende el mero uso del concepto y se profundiza en lo que implicaría la unión de lo “psico” y lo “social” en la variedad de discursos y prácticas que existen hoy día en nuestros contextos sociales, posibilitando así una nueva comprensión del sujeto desde la interacción social y el relacionamiento en la construcción de la realidad. Desde esta perspectiva se pretende reflexionar sobre lo psicosocial para conocer la incidencia en las transformaciones sociales.
Herramientas de autocuidado para el profesional psicosocial como factor protector de su salud mental y bienestar
Authors: Díaz Torres Carolina , Gómez Villa Claudia Andrea , Corredor Díaz Stefany , Quiceno Garcés Yudi Girlesa , Rodríguez Bustamante Alexander
Published: February 2021

El texto esboza de una manera reflexiva el lugar de los factores protectores que son vitales para el trabajo de los profesionales en el contexto psicosocial; surgen, entonces, algunas de las herramientas encausadas al apoyo sistemático que desde el bienestar individual será vital pensarlo y actuarlo en pro de una mejor calidad de vida en lo profesional y personal. Dentro de los hallazgos se viabiliza la importancia del autocuidado, cuidado de sí y lo paradojal del estar bien para que otros estén bien, y el encuentro terapéutico como alternativa para privilegiar la palabra, el discurso, el apoyo a otros que apoyan y la formación institucional y gremial que se traduce en apuestas políticas y gremiales hacia el cuidar a quien se dispone profesionalmente a cuidar a otros. ¡Vaya tarea la que se propone!
Efficient use of the insurance sector potential adjusted for its shadowing: Case of Ukraine
Authors: Melnyk Mariana , Zhabynets Olha , Myshchyshyn Ivanna , Orlov Volodymyr
Published: February 2021

The insurance sector plays a critical role in the economy, providing protection and security of the state and influencing its social and economic development. However, having a significant potential for development, the sector cannot fully realize it due to many problems, including its shadowing. Using the method of unprofitable enterprises analysis, which is applied by the Ministry for Development of Economy, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine to determine the level of the shadow economy, considering the type of economic activity, the level of shadowing of the insurance services sector in Ukraine and its regions in 2013 and 2018 was calculated. The calculation results showed an increase in the shadow level of the insurance services sector both in Ukraine as a whole and in the separate regions. To evaluate the effectiveness of the insurance sector potential, given the calculated level of shadowing, a comprehensive assessment was carried out by standardizing the values of selected indicators characterizing the potential of the insurance sector in the context of Ukraine’s socio-economic development. The indicators of the efficient use of the insurance services sector potential in Ukrainian regions, calculated using an integrated assessment, showed an increase in the efficiency of using the potential of the insurance sector in three out of five analyzed regions. Zaporizhzhia region demonstrated the most significant growth. It has been proven that an increase in the volume of services provided is a key factor in increasing the social and economic efficiency of the insurance sector.
Dynamic capabilities of family business: a catalyst for survival and growth
Authors: Morgan Morgan , E. Okon Emmanuel , Amadi Christian , Emu Winifred , Ogar Anthony
Published: February 2021

The purpose of the study is to investigate the dynamic capabilities of family business as a catalyst for survival and growth in Nigeria. A quantitative technique involving a descriptive survey was adopted for the study. A questionnaire measurement instrument was constructed and deployed on a sample of 410 respondents in the selected family businesses. Copies of the questionnaire measurement instrument were conveniently distributed to employees of the selected family businesses to obtain data for the study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to validate the constructs in the measurement instrument. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to estimate the structural relationship between constructs of family business dynamic capabilities for survival and growth. The results showed that sensing and seizing, learning and reconfiguration and succession planning capabilities of family business have a significant positive effect on survival and growth. Therefore, family business managers should effectively deploy sensing and seizing, learning and reconfiguration and succession planning capabilities to enhance business survival and growth.
AcknowledgmentsThe authors express gratitude to anonymous reviewers, the journal editor and all the authors whose works were used in this study. The authors are grateful to the management of the family businesses included in the study for their approval for the administration of the questionnaire instrument and to the survey respondents who gave their views on the issues raised in the questionnaire instrument.
Study on flow dynamic characteristic of bladder pressure pulsation attenuator based on dynamic mesh technology
Authors: Xin Qing , Zhang Yongxiang , Li Jiawei
Published: February 2021

To solve the problem that the flow dynamic characteristic of the bladder pressure pulsation attenuator cannot be quantitatively analyzed, a bladder pressure pulsation attenuator was taken as the research object, and the dynamic mesh technology was combined with the User-Defined-Function (UDF) to numerically simulate the working process of the attenuator. Overcoming the divergence problem in finite-element fluid calculation and the negative volume problem in mesh updating process, the bladder pressure pulsation attenuator was dynamically simulated under different fluctuating frequencies and different inflatable pressure, the change of internal flow field was monitored in time. The results show that the resistance loss through the attenuator increases with the increase of the frequency and the increase of the charging pressure. The local resistance loss is much higher than the frictional resistance loss. The simulation results match the experimental results, that verifies the model's validity and correctness, and also provides a new method and idea to improve bladder attenuator's resistance loss and analyze the variable boundary problem.
ПОДГОТОВКА ВИДЕОСЮЖЕТА КАК ФОРМА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ИНДИВИДУАЛЬНОГО ЗАДАНИЯ ПО УЧЕБНОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ ПО ФАРМАКОГНОЗИИ
Authors: Е.В. Михайлова , Г.И. Шведов , Н.Ю. Кузьменко
Published: February 2021

Based on existing experience, interactive forms of fulfilling an individual task in educational practice in pharmacognosy are considered.
ДИНАМИКА ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ СТРУКТУР ПАРАНЕВРИЯ В ПОСТНАТАЛЬНОМ ОНТОГЕНЕЗЕ
Authors: К.А. Бородина , М.А. Затолокина , В.В. Харченко , М.А. Затолокина , Е.С. Мишина , В.В. Цымбалюк
Published: February 2021

Currently, there is a lot of literature and research that reflects data on the structure of the peripheral nervous system. However, it should be noted that the results available in the sources do not contain a full range of data on the structural features of paraneural structures and have some contradictions. In addition, data on the morphological features of the structure of the paranephrium of peripheral nerves in ontogenesis are practically absent. This was the beginning of our research, in order to obtain new, more in-depth data on the age-related variability of the peripheral nerve paraneurium.
Preparation of a hybrids APT@MIL by one-step solvent-thermal method for effectively degrading organics
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Gao Di , He Yufeng , Li Bozhen , Song Pengfei , Wang Rongmin
Published: February 2021

The attapulgite (APT), a typical nano-rod structured clay was introduced to MIL-101(Fe), a typical eco-friendly iron-based Metal-Organic Framework material (MOF), during the preparation by a one-step solvothermal method, which afforded a novel APT and MOF hybrid (APT@MIL). Based on the characterization of SEM, FT-IR and XRD, it was found that the rod-like crystals of APT determined the size of MIL-101(Fe) while maintaining its regular octahedral crystal form, and the crystal size of MIL-101(Fe) in APT@MIL enlarged 4 times. It was also discovered that the rod-like APT were evenly distributed in MIL-101(Fe) crystals. Using APT@MIL as the photocatalyst, some organic dyes were photodegraded in simulated sunlight. The analysis indicated that APT@MIL has high adsorption and photodegradation activity, the removal rate of methylene blue was up to 99.5%. Finally, the photocatalytic activity of APT@MIL was verified by UV-Vis DRS, photoluminescence spectra. The thermodynamic adsorption, kinetic characteristics adsorption, and removal mechanism of APT@MIL are also discussed. In summary, a novel hybrid material APT@MIL was successfully prepared with good adsorption and photocatalytic performance. It is expected to be used in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.
Glycyrrhizin as a Potential Treatment for the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Al-Kamel Habeb , Grundmann Oliver
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 is an emerging viral infection of zoonotic origin that is closely related to the
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused an outbreak in 2003. Therefore,
scientists named the new virus SARS-CoV-2. On March 11, 2020, The World Health Organization
(WHO) recognized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. At present, three vaccines have been approved
or are being considered for approval by national regulatory agencies to immunize against COVID-
19. However, the vaccines do not remain widely available, and no specific treatment against the virus is
available. The pathogenesis and proliferation pathways of SARS-CoV-2 are still not well known. Thus, in
this article, the saponin glycyrrhizin is discussed as a new potential therapeutic agent of natural origin (licorice
root, Glycyrrhiza glabra) for the potential treatment of COVID-19 infections.
Rapid Analytical Methods for Food Integrity Analysis: A Short Review
Authors: Bodner Martina
Published: February 2021

Food integrity could be jeopardized by different types of food frauds. The concept of
food integrity is composed of three pillars: (i) food quality, i.e., number of features, objective and
subjective, of food that are acceptable to consumers and meet their expectations; (ii) food authenticity,
namely the ability to follow the movement of a feed or food through specified stage(s) of production,
processing, and distribution; and (iii) food safety, which is the probability of not becoming
ill after consuming a food. Food fraud, i.e., modifications of food characteristics and/or ingredients,
can affect the quality, authenticity and safety of food products. Moreover, these practices can
affect consumers’ expectations and trust. In this review, applications of vibrational spectroscopy-
(NIR and FT-IR) and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) for food quality, authenticity
and safety analysis will be discussed. Examples of how vibrational spectroscopy and proton
transfer reaction – mass spectrometry applied to food integrity analysis will be given with regards
to oils, milk and dairy products, and coffee.
Utilization of Experimental Design for the Establishment and Optimization of RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Two Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/benzodiazepines Combinations in the Presence of their Related Compounds
Authors: El Zaher Asmaa Ahmed , El Kady Ehab Farouk , El Ghwas Hind Ezzat , El Houssini Ola Mohamed
Published: February 2021

Background:

Design of experiment (DOE) is considered the most powerful tool to identify factors that affect variation and improve the response by tuning these factors. In the present work, DOE was applied to establish an innovative, sensitive and precise HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of Escitalopram oxalate, Paroxetine hydrochloride hemihydrate and Clonazepam in presence of their related compounds in drug substance and drug products.

Methods:

Buffer molarity, % organic modifier (acetonitrile content) at the beginning/end of the gradient,
flow rate at the beginning/end of the gradient, pH of the mobile phase, and column temperature
were screened using Plackett-Burman design (PBD) model. The main effect plot showed that
% organic modifier at the beginning/end of gradient and flow rate at the beginning of gradient were
statistically significant variables influencing peaks resolution (p<0.05). Box-Behnken design (BBD)
was then used as an optimization model in order to achieve the highest possible resolution with
the least possible experimental trials through studying the interaction and quadratic effects of these
three factors. Finally, the optimum condition for predicated peak resolution could be achieved by
the desirability function.

Results:

After optimization, chromatographic separation was attained on Agilent Zorbax SB C18 (4.6×250mm, 5µm) column using gradient elution of mobile phase: (A) potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.7; 0.025M) and (B) acetonitrile at ambient column temperature with the last eluted compound at less than 17 min. The flow rate was maintained at 1/2.3 mLmin-1 with UV detection at 245/210 nm using time programming.

Conclusion:

The optimized chromatographic method was used for stability indicating assay of the cited drugs in presence of their related compounds according to ICH Q2R1 guidelines.
The Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) Analysis and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus cohnii Isolated from Clinical Samples in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Delfani Somayeh , Rezaei Faranak , Soroush Setareh , Shakib Pegah
Published: February 2021

Background:

Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci
is responsible for hospital and community-acquired infections.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic-resistance patterns,
antibiotic-resistance genes, namely, ermA, ermB, ermC, blaZ, msrA, tetK, tetM,
mup, and vanA, biofilm formation, and prevalence of different SCCmec types
among the Staphylococcus cohnii strains isolated from clinical samples in
Tehran, Iran.

Methods:

In this study, S. cohnii isolates were screened from the clinical samples
from March 2012 to February 2013 in Tehran, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility
test and inducible clindamycin resistance were evaluated by disc diffusion
method, and resistance genes were examined using Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR) assays. Then, biofilm formation assay was analyzed by Microtiter-plate
test to detect the icaA and icaD genes. The SCCmec and the Arginine Catabolite
Mobile Element (ACME) typing were performed using the PCR method.

Results:

From twenty S. cohnii, all isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 95% of
the S. cohnii was defined as Multidrug Resistance (MDR) strains. The ermB,
ermC, and vanA genes were not detected in any isolates; however, the blaZ gene
had the highest frequency. 95% of the S. cohnii isolates produced biofilm. Also,
4 SCCmec types, including V, IV, III+ (C2), VIII+ (AB1), were identified. Therefore,
the majority of SCCmec were untypable. Based on the ACME typing, arcA
and opp3 genes were positive in 13 (65%) and 1 (5%) isolates, respectively.

Conclusion:

Due to the high antimicrobial resistance and the spread of untypable
SCCmec among the isolates studied, the control and treatment of methicillin-resistant
S. cohnii in hospitals and public health centers is a significant concern.
Rate and Performance Enhancement of LDPC Codes Using Collection of Punctured Codes Decoding (CPCD)
Authors: Hassan Rana A. , Fonseka John P.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes have received significant interest in
a variety of communication systems due to their superior performance and reasonable decoding complexity.

Methods:

A novel Collection of Punctured Codes Decoding (CPCD) technique that considers a code as
a collection of its punctured codes is proposed. Two forms of CPCD, serial CPCD that decodes each
punctured code serially and parallel CPCD that decodes each punctured code in parallel, are discussed.
In contrast to other modifications of LDPC decoding documented in the literature, the proposed CPCD
technique views a LDPC code as a collection of punctured LDPC codes, where all punctured codes are
derived from the original LDPC code by removing different portions of its parity bits. CPCD technique
decodes each punctured code separately and exchanges extrinsic information obtained from that decoding
among all other punctured codes for their decoding. Hence, as the iterations increase, the information
obtained in the decoding of punctured codes improve making CPCD perform better than standard
decoding.

Results:

It is demonstrated that both serial and parallel CPCD have about the same decoding complexity
compared with standard Sum Product Algorithm (SPA) decoding. It is also demonstrated that while
serial CPCD has about the same decoding delay compared with standard SPA decoding, parallel CPCD
can decrease the decoding delay, however, at the expense of processing power.

Conclusion:

Numerical results demonstrate that CPCD can either significantly improve the performance,
or significantly increase the code rate of LDPC codes.
valores patrimoniales de la Unidad Vecinal Santa Marina en el Callao desde la mirada de sus residentes y vecinos
Authors: Mechato Lara Fiorella
Published: February 2021

La conservación del patrimonio es posible cuando sus actores trabajan en conjunto y en diálogo permanente; no se puede hablar de patrimonio si sus principales actores no saben reconocer el valor patrimonial del objeto. Por eso, fomentar la educación patrimonial en la población resulta clave para identificar las potencialidades de su conservación. Bajo un enfoque social, la investigación tiene como objetivo ubicar los valores patrimoniales, sobre la base de la clasificación de la Dra. Cristina Nieto Pérez (Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, España), en la Unidad Vecinal Santa Marina del Callao desde las opiniones y percepciones de sus actores directos: los residentes del lugar, los estudiantes, especialistas y expertos, e instituciones municipales. Mediante instrumentos como el uso de encuestas, entrevistas, sesiones en grupos de enfoque, y fichas de análisis se identificaron los valores patrimoniales, cuyos resultados revelaron diferencias en su reconocimiento según el contexto social pero una valoración más firme en una dimensión común.
Measuring U.S. Foreign Policy Effectiveness
Authors: Guiora Amos N. , Minutolo Marcel C. , Vargas Luis G.
Published: February 2021

This manuscript presents a methodology whereby policymakers can assess the United States’ influence in the world. This submission differs from most scholarship on the topic in that it develops a return on effort score which takes into consideration the US goals and priorities. In terms of methodology, this manuscript applies the Analytic Network Process to develop relative priorities associated with the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal framework while considering key drivers (military and economic) across combatant commands and regions. This study’s conclusions will assist US military and policy practitioners in allocating resources and capabilities across the world to maximize the US influence relative to its goals.
What Makes Tangible Incentives Motivating? Development of Justifiability and Social Utility Scales
Authors: Jeffrey Scott A.
Published: February 2021

In two surveys of working adults, the authors develop scales for the latent variables of justifiability and social utility. Statistical analysis shows that the statements developed provide good measurement of these variables. Using these scales will help researchers understand how tangible incentive motivate employees. In addition, firms can use employee responses to these statements to optimize the design and implementation of their incentive programs
Формирование и исследование оптических свойств локально растянутых Ge микроструктур, встроенных в резонаторы
Authors: Юрасов Д.В. , Байдакова Н.А. , Вербус В.А. , Гусев Н.С. , Морозова Е.Е. , Шенгуров Д.В. , Яблонский А.Н. , Новиков А.В.
Published: February 2021

In this work, formation of locally tensile strained Ge structures (micro-bridges) on SOI substrates embedded into microcavities is reported and their optical properties are discussed. The cavity compatible with the shape of the active region was designed in such a way as to provide an effective localization of the electromagnetic field in the active region of the structure, as well as to minimize the strain redistribution due to the cavity formation. Micro-photoluminescence (PL) studies have shown a remarkable enhancement of the PL intensity for the locally strained areas as compared to the initial Ge film. It was shown that the formation of a microcavity leads to a decrease in the maximum strain in the active region of the structure, but provides an overall increase in the PL intensity.
Анализ пороговых условий и эффективности генерации замкнутых мод в больших прямоугольных резонаторах на основе лазерных гетероструктур AlGaAs/GaAs/InGaAs
Authors: Подоскин А.А. , Романович Д.Н. , Шашкин И.С. , Гаврина П.С. , Соколова З.Н. , Слипченко С.О. , Пихтин Н.А.
Published: February 2021

Threshold conditions and efficiency analsis of a semiconductor laser emitter with a large (1x1mm) rectangular resonator based on AlGaAs/GaAs/ InGaAs heterostructures for high-power strip lasers operating on high-Q internally circulating structures is presented. Two designs of emitters with different laser radiation propagation region characteristics are proposed, and the possibility of differential efficiency characteristic as high as high-power broad lasers (70% and more) is demonstrated.