bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fear, Anger, and Hope: Adversity, Emotion, and Resilience among Syrian Refugees in the Netherlands
Authors: Fadhlia Tengku Nila , Sauter Disa A. , Doosje Bertjan
Published: July 2022

Background: Syrian refugees comprise the vast majority of refugees in the Netherlands. Although some research has been carried out on factors promoting refugee resilience, there have been few empirical studies on the resilience of Syrian refugees. Method: We used a qualitative method to develop an understanding of adversity, emotion, and the factors contributing to resilience in Syrian refugees. We interviewed eighteen adult Syrian refugees residing in the Netherlands and used thematic analysis to identify the themes. Results: We identified themes and organized them into three main parts describing the challenges (pre and post-resettlement), key emotions pertaining to those experiences, and resilience factors. We found six primary protective factors internally and externally promoting participants' resilience: future orientation, coping strategies, social support, opportunities, religiosity, and cultural identity. In addition, positive emotions constituted a key feature of refugees’ resilience. Conclusion: The results highlight the challenges and emotions in each stage of the Syrian refugees’ journey and the multitude of factors affecting their resilience. Our findings on religiosity and maintaining cultural identity suggest that resilience can be enhanced on a cultural level. So it is worth noting these aspects when designing prevention or intervention programs for Syrian refugees.
Bi-Global Stability Analysis of Hypersonic Streamwise Corner Flows
Authors: Xu Dongxiao , Xi Youcheng , Chen Xianliang , Ren Jie , Lu Enwei , Fu Song
Published: July 2022

The stability of hypersonic flows along a streamwise corner is studied here with bi-global stability theory for freestream Mach numbers 4.5 and 6.0. The steady laminar base flows are obtained by solving the corresponding self-similar solution for the corner plane and are in good agreement with direct numerical simulation. The base flow exhibits a pronounced low-speed region at the corner due to a secondary flow toward the corner causing an outflow along the corner bisector. The strength of the secondary flow increases with Mach number showing significant difference from the incompressible case. Two series of instability modes, corresponding to the slow and fast acoustic waves, are obtained in the Reynolds number-wavenumber stability diagram. In particular, the slow modes have higher frequencies and are of the second Mack modes stretched in the spanwise direction similar to the flat-plate boundary layer case. The leading slow mode has the most considerable growth rate, thus dominating the instability away from the corner. The fast instability mode F-I-even discovered in this work is an unique feature to the streamwise corner flow. This mode dominates the instability of the corner flow with increasing Mach-number effect.
Gender-Related Differences in the association of serum levels of vitamin D with body mass index in northern Iranian population: The PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)
Authors: Joukar Farahnaz , Asgharnezhad Mehrnaz , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Mojtahedi Kourosh , Salari Arsalan , Mansour-Ghanaei Alireza , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz
Published: July 2022

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency has now become a global problem throughout the world. The association between increasing body mass index (BMI) and vitamin D insufficiency has attracted great attention in recent researches. The aim was to study if BMI was independently associated with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a large population-based study, specify by gender.Methods: Data on 9520 adults 35 years and older participating in PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) were used. Serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D less than 20 ng/mL (50 nmol/L) was used as a measure of vitamin D inadequacy. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to estimate the strength of the association between vitamin D and BMI before and after adjusting for demographic factors and lifestyle variables. Results: After adjustment in male population, overweight (adjusted OR= 1.2, P = 0.03) and obese (adjusted OR= 1.4, P = 0.001) individuals were more likely to have vitamin D inadequacy than normal weight counterparts. Moreover, there was a weak inverse linear association between BMI and serum 25 OHD levels in males (β = -0.14, P value= 0.001). In contrast, no significant associations between BMI and serum 25 OHD levels were observed in females. In male population, higher BMI were associated with lower serum vitamin 25 (OH) D levels.Conclusions: However, this association was not observed in female population. The suggestion of current study for public health was special consideration to serum vitamin D levels in over weight and obese males.
Flicker elimination in grids with distributed generation using group predictive voltage and frequency regulators
Authors: Bulatov Yu. N.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we determine the control efficiency of grids with distributed generation and the possibility of eliminating flicker therein using group predictive voltage and frequency regulators. A small-size thermal power plant with the transformer connection to a power grid and consisting of three turbogenerators with a capacity of 2.5 MV·A each and a voltage of 6 kV was considered as a distributed generation plant. An isolated power supply system with three 2.5 MV·A gas turbine units each operating on static and motor loads was also considered. Automation control methods were used. Studies were conducted in the MatLab environment using the Simulink and SimPowerSystems simulation packages. The obtained results demonstrate that, upon temporarily activating the power load in the point of connecting a distributed generation unit and using inconsistent regulators, fluctuations occurring in the rotor speed and turbogenerator voltage indicate the presence of flicker effects. A similar situation can be caused by a sudden change in the forecast time for individual predictive speed controllers. Following the disconnection of a 0.4 s short circuit, a voltage flicker was found to occur in the vicinity of the gas turbine plant. However, local or group predictive regulators allow the problem of flicker emergence to be solved. The use of group predictive regulators allows flicker to be eliminated more effectively: the transient time is reduced by 1.7 and 2.7 times for the generator rotor speed and voltage, respectively. Moreover, for voltage, over-regulation is practically eliminated. The conducted computer simulation confirmed that flicker can be eliminated by applying group control of turbine generators using predictive speed controllers. Similarly, for a grid with gas turbine units, the use of predictive control algorithms made it possible to eliminate flicker without solving the problem of adjusting regulators. At the same time, group predictive regulators eliminate flicker more effectively, thereby improving the quality indicators of the control process.
Virginia Woolf's modernist narratives and cosmopolitanism focused on Three Guineas and Mrs. Dalloway
Authors:   British And American Language And Literature Association Of Korea, Park Hyungshin
Published: July 2022

The ideal of a cosmopolitan person’s being a ‘citizen of the world’ is multifaceted encompassing both conflicts between individuality and universality, affiliations to community, family and conflicts, plus displacements from home to home. This paper attempts to analyze Woolf’s feminist and modernist works Three Guineas and Mrs. Dalloway in the context of cosmopolitanism. Among the inconsistencies and contradictions in Woolf’s works, the question of how her cosmopolitanism can be compatible with her Englishness requires also a reexamination of related topics such as her alleged anti-Semitism and patriotism. Firstly, in order to advance the study of cosmopolitanism in Woolf’s modernist literature I will compare the speculations of Kwame Anthony Appiah’s rooted cosmopolitanism and Martha Nussbaum’s Stoic cosmopolitanism. Secondly, attentive especially to her eloquent statement in Three Guineas , “As a woman I want no country. As a woman my country is the whole world”, I will analyze the significance of Woolf’s contentions as to how marriage, nationality, and patriotism relate to the desire for world citizenship. Finally, in Mrs. Dalloway, focusing on the daily lives of immigrants, expatriates and foreigners living in the cosmopolitan city, London, I will interpret Woolf as being inseparably associated with feminist and pacifist patriotism and performing the ethical practice of cosmopolitanism—doing kindness to strangers—through her modernist narrative techniques and strategies.
Wonher Ji-Woon's The Five-color Tea-meditation
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Jang Joo-young
Published: July 2022

The Five-color Tea-meditation is one of Wonher Ji-Woon's Loving-kindness & Compassion Tea-meditations using five different colors of tea. The five colors are yellow, white, red, green, and blue. These five colors are not only the actual colors of tea, but also the colors created by imagination.
In this study, the Five-color Tea-meditation was considered from three perspectives based on the Buddhist perspective. First, in relation to the five colors, it is a viewpoint as a practice of kasina that appears in 『Visuddhimagga』. Second, it is the perspective of the practice of conformity expressed in the 『Mahā-Rāhulovāda Sutta』, in which the teachings of the Buddha are transmitted in relation to the Five-elements. Lastly, it is the perspective of mindfulness and the practice of the three supreme principles: 1) Sila or precepts 2) Samadhi or concentration 3) Prajna or transcendental wisdom.
The Five-color Tea-meditation is a well-integrated practice of Vipassana of mindfulness and Samatha of concentration based on loving-kindness and compassion, which can be said to be the trend of modern meditation. I think that by combining this with tea, we can expect the role of character education that protects oneself properly and cultivates moral character.
Tendencias tecnológicas en la transformación de la cultura organizacional a través del entendimiento del Cuadro de Mando Integral en una empresa prestadora de servicios públicos de energía
Authors: Carreño Flórez Edgar Farid , Ronquillo Villamil Carlos Vladimir
Published: July 2022

El Cuadro de Mando Integral (CMI) en la organización Centrales Eléctricas del Norte de Santander S.A. E.S.P. se ha utilizado bajo la perspectiva de masificar el acceso y conocimiento de su información a grupos de interés externos e internos, al aprovechar el creciente auge de la transformación digital. Se estudió el contexto actual de los responsables en los niveles directivos, líderes y profesionales P2, en relación a la divulgación, conocimiento, confiabilidad de la información, e implementación de acciones derivadas del CMI mediante una encuesta de percepción; se evaluaron las disyuntivas de las que se desprenden las principales causas de la necesidad abordada y se diseñó un programa de estrategias metodológicas para la transformación cultural. Como la empresa se encuentra en estado de transición en relación a las estrategias encaminadas a la cultura corporativa se sugirió la aplicación de instrumentos digitales gráficos, audiovisuales, influencers y disruptivos a los modos de gestión comunicacional actualmente implementados, en consistencia con el 58% de aceptación obtenido, en conjunto con actividades de socialización cuya información fue validada con un 45% de certeza. Se propuso un programa en el ciclo Deming para el desarrollo de una óptima gestión que tuvieron el propósito de garantizar la articulación y consolidación de fuentes fidedignas de información para la masificación, divulgación, aporte de conocimiento y realimentación a priori de los diversos niveles de la organización, en la que se exalta el lema CMI PARA TODOS
Nonpharmacological treatment of cognitive impairment: cognitive training guidelines
Authors: Kindarova A. A. , Fantalis D. , Preobrazhenskaya I. S.
Published: July 2022

Important aspects of the treatment of cognitive impairments are their early detection, prevention and timely prescription of drug therapy. The method of non-drug prevention and, at the same time, the treatment of cognitive impairment is cognitive training. There are cognitive training, cognitive stimulation and cognitive rehabilitation. The content of  cognitive training should be determined by the type and severity of the patient’s cognitive impairment; effectiveness depends, among other things, on the duration of the sessions and on the commitment of patients to cognitive training. At the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery of Sechenov University, guidelines have been developed that allow cognitive training for patients with mild and moderate cognitive impairments. The effectiveness of methodological recommendations has been confirmed by studies; they were introduced into the work of the neurological and neurosurgical departments of the clinic of nervous diseases of the Sechenov University. Taking into account the development of modern technologies, it seems interesting and important to create methods of cognitive training that will allow the patient to study using a smartphone, tablet or computer, and the doctor to remotely monitor the well-being and track the results of the patient’s therapy. In the fall of 2022, the Health Formula program will be launched on the basis of the My Health app, designed specifically to support patients with cognitive impairments. Health Formula is an online service for remote communication between a doctor and a patient, the purpose of which is to increase patient compliance and the effectiveness of the treatment itself. The application will contain a set of cognitive exercises to complement the prescribed drug therapy. At the initial stage, the course will be a balanced selection of video exercises, which will later be included in the global interactive program for patients with CI.
Insomnia: risk factors, sex- and age-specific features, and therapeutic approaches
Authors: Pizova N. V. , Pizov A. V. , Solovyov I. N.
Published: July 2022

Insomnia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, accompanied by symptoms such as irritability or fatigue during wakefulness. Insomnia is often divided into subtypes based on the prevailing symptom. Insomnia is a risk factor for developing other somatic and mental disorders such as cerebrovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, depression, and causes increased healthcare costs. Given the bidirectional association of insomnia with the development of other somatic and mental diseases, the term “comorbid insomnia” may be used. The etiology and pathophysiology of insomnia involve genetic, environmental, behavioural, and physiological factors. The goals of insomnia treatment are to improve quantitative and qualitative aspects of sleep, to reduce the distress and anxiety associated with poor sleep, and to improve daytime function. Efficacious treatments for insomnia include behavioural, cognitive, and pharmacological interventions. Simple behavioural interventions may be provided in primary care facilities, but lack of training in these techniques limits their use. Among pharmacological interventions, the most evidence exists for benzodiazepine receptor agonist drugs, although on-going concerns focus on their safety as compared to modest efficacy. Different “natural” and OTC drugs are used as sleeping medications, for instance melatonin-based drugs. Behavioural treatments should be used whenever possible, and drugs should be limited to the lowest necessary dose and shortest necessary duration.
Colchicine for the treatment of COVID-19: short path from theory to practice
Authors: Eliseev M. S. , Zheliabina O. V.
Published: July 2022

Colchicine is an alkaloid isolated from plants of the Colchicum genus. Colchicine has been used for thousands of years and remains one of the few drugs whose use remains relevant today. The therapeutic use of colchicine is widely known for gout, familial Mediterranean fever, Behcet’s disease, cardiovascular diseases (pericarditis, coronary heart disease, pericarditis, after coronary artery bypass grafting, etc.) and other diseases and is due to anti-inflammatory effects, which are based, including , inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin (IL)-1β production. The mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of colchicine are diverse. It is primarily an inhibitor of mitosis and microtubule assembly. Colchicine destroys the structure of microtubules and reduces the elasticity and relaxation of neutrophils, thereby preventing the extravasation of neutrophils from blood vessels to the site of inflammation. Systemic inflammation is also a hallmark of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which develops immunological disorders accompanied by the  production of  a large number of  pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has become the most urgent medical problem in the world in the last 2 years, given the mechanisms of inflammation similar to rheumatic diseases, is also considered a disease with the potential effectiveness of colchicine treatment. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines also have a trigger factor for the development of an exacerbation of arthritis. On average, colchicine use was associated with a 47% reduction in post-vaccination arthritis. This article provides an update on the mechanisms of action and current experience with colchicine in COVID-19, including in patients with microcrystalline arthritis.
TCU e PROSUB Controle externo de programa estratégico de defesa
Authors: Wellington Carlos
Published: July 2022

O controle externo do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) sobre o Programa de Desenvolvimento de Submarinos da Marinha do Brasil (PROSUB) contribui para a aderên- cia às regras de conformidade e para o aperfeiçoamento dos instrumentos de gestão, sobretudo no que se refere à transferência de tecnologia. O permanente esforço para aperfeiçoar métodos de trabalho e mitigar riscos induz a elevação do nível de gestão programática, permitindo à Administração Pública brasileira superar sua inicial imaturidade na condução de programas estratégicos de alta complexidade na área da Defesa. O controle externo contribui, ainda, para a transparência no uso dos recursos públicos destinados ao PROSUB e para a reafirmação de sua importância em termos do incremento nas capacida- des da Defesa e da absorção de tecnologias avançadas, com isso favorecendo sua legitimação junto à sociedade brasileira.
Computation of energy dissipation across the type-A piano key weir by using gene expression programming technique
Authors: Singh Deepak , Kumar Munendra
Published: July 2022

Energy dissipation across the weir and dam structures is a vital economic and technical solution for designing the downstream morphology of any hydraulic system. Accurately estimating the energy over any hydraulic system using traditional empirical formulas is tedious and challenging. Consequently, employing new and precise techniques still in high demand is crucial. In this study, the authors developed an empirical model for estimating the residual energy downstream of the type-A piano key weir (PKW) using gene expression programming (GEP) by considering six non-dimensional parameters: headwater ratio, magnification ratio, inlet to outlet width ratio, inlet to outlet key bottom slopes, inlet to outlet overhang portions and the number of cycles. The performance of the proposed models has been compared to empirical equations using the statistical factors coefficient of determination (R2), concordance coefficient (CC), and root mean square error (RMSE). The computed relative residual energy values using the proposed models are within ±10% of the observed ones. The proposed GEP model predicted the relative residual energy satisfactorily, with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.978 for training, 0.980 for testing and root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.032 and 0.029 for the training and testing datasets, respectively.
Development Trends of Regional Economies in Russia
Authors: Valentey S. D. , Bakhtizin A. R. , Borisova S. V. , Kol’chugina A. V. , Lykov L. N.
Published: July 2022

The expert community  is actively working to determine the depth of the consequences for the domestic economy of large-scale sanctions pressure. One of the directions of such an analysis is the assessment of the situation in the social sphere and in the real sector of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian  Federation.  It is obvious that the differences in the levels of development  of regional economies; varying degrees of depth of their immersion  in world economic relations; the volume of regional budget revenues received from the activities of foreign companies located on their territory and other factors will predetermine the amount of damage inflicted on Russian  regions. To minimize  its magnitude  and, most importantly, to develop  a viable  strategy for overcoming  the crisis,  it is not enough  to fix the scale of losses. An effective  strategy requires foresight,  and  it is impossible without  understanding the nature and direction of trends in the development  of regional economies, at least in the medium term. This article proposes one of the possible options for the methodology to answer these questions. The authors believe the approach is quite correct, because the trends in the development of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were studied based on an analysis of the situation that took place during the pandemic.  The first version of the methodology  was tested in 2021 and presented in issue 4 of the journal Federalism. Below  is a refined version of the methodology, the use of which  gave more reliable results.
Systemic Crisis 2022: Theoretical Aspect
Authors: Karavaeva I. V.
Published: July 2022

The  article  examines  the  process of  formation  and  manifestation   of  signs of  a  systemic crisis in the modern  economy.  The  article substantiates  why  the contradiction  between  the economic  and  social interests of economic  entities at all levels that arose in the context  of the COVID-19 pandemic  played  the role of a catalyst  in the formation  and  development of the modern  systemic crisis of a market  economy.  It is shown  that today the problems of global,  national  and  regional economic  security in their organic and  systemic relationship with  social /economic/  political/  bacteriological security are in the same row. The  author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development  of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community  in a crisis situation in 2022.  The  author of the article carried out a theoretical analysis of trends and risks in the development  of the economy of Russia and other leading countries of the world community in a crisis situation  in 2022.  The  article emphasizes  the importance  of strengthening sanctions  pressure on  the  Russian  economy  in  transforming  the  social factor  of national security into a socio-political  one and  in accelerating the development  of a systemic crisis in the modern economy.  The article shows what fundamental changes have occurred at the national  and interstate levels during the period of application of socio-political sanctions in the model of global economic relations. The  author explains on the basis of what  objective reasons traditional  principles of economic relations are being destroyed and new principles of economic  relations between  states and economic  counterparties  are being formed in the conditions  of the changed  socio-political situation  in the world.  The  article examines  the phenomenon  of geo-economic fragmentation  and  its relationship  with  the  change  in  the centers of development  and influence  in the global economy.  The author predicted the main characteristics of the functioning  of the new  system of economic relations in the post-crisis model of economic development  and Russia’s place in it.
Long Non-coding RNA UCA1 Regulates SRPK1 Expression Through miR-
99b-3p in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Xu Juan , Zheng Liu-hong , Hong Yi-nuo , Xuan Cheng , Yan Shu-ling , Lv Guo-Liang , Jiang Zheng-Gang , Ding Xian-Feng
Published: July 2022

Background:

Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is one of the most common malignancies of the
female reproductive organs, with a low survival rate primarily due to the lack of effective methods
for early diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective:

In this article, our motivation is to explore the lncRNA-related network mechanisms
involved in the pathogenesis of OC.

Methods:

Public lncRNAs and mRNA expression datasets for OC were collected from the Gene
Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. By integrated bioinformatics analysis, we constructed a
UCA1-miRNA-mRNA network. We studied lncRNA-related molecular modulation mechanism in
ovarian cancer cells based on MTT assay, dual luciferase reporter gene assays, quantitative realtime
PCR, and western blotting.

Results:

UCA1 was higher in ovarian tumor tissues and cells than normal tissues and cells. It was
demonstrated in this study that knockdown of UCA1 inhibited ovarian cancer cell viability, which a
miR-99b-3p inhibitor could reverse in vitro. Further, UCA1 was shown to regulate the expression of
SRPK1 by directly binding to miR-99b-3p.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that UCA1 functions as an oncogene in ovarian cancer.
Inhibition of UCA1/miR-99b-3p/SRPK1 axis may become a novel target for treating ovarian
cancer.
The Potential Therapeutic Impact of Metformin in Glioblastoma
Multiforme
Authors: Sanati Mehdi , Aminyavari Samaneh , Mollazadeh Hamid , Motamed-Sanaye Ali , Bibak Bahram , Mohtashami Elmira , Teng Yong , Afshari Amir R. , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: July 2022

In terms of frequency and aggressiveness, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is
undoubtedly the most frequent and fatal primary brain tumor. Despite advances in clinical
management, the response to current treatments is dismal, with a 2-year survival rate
varying between 6 and 12 percent. Metformin, a derivative of biguanide widely used in
treating type 2 diabetes, has been shown to extend the lifespan of patients with various
malignancies. There is limited evidence available on the long-term survival of GBM
patients who have taken metformin. This research examined the literature to assess the
connection between metformin's anticancer properties and GBM development. Clinical
findings, together with the preclinical data from animal models and cell lines, are included
in the present review. This comprehensive review covers not only the association of
hyperactivation of the AMPK pathway with the anticancer activity of metformin but also
other mechanisms underpinning its role in apoptosis, cell proliferation, metastasis, as
well as its chemo-radio-sensitizing behavior against GBM. Current challenges and future
directions for developments and applications of metformin-based therapeutics are also
discussed.
Absolute Configuration and Antileishmanial Activity of (–)-Cyclocolorenone
Isolated from Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae)
Authors: Monteiro Jackson , Passero Luiz Felipe D. , Jesus Jéssica A. , Laurenti Márcia D. , Lago João H. G. , Soares Marisi G. , Batista Andrea N. L. , Batista João M. , Sartorelli Patricia
Published: July 2022

Background:

The fractionation of the n-hexane phase of the EtOH extract from the leaves of Duguetia lanceolata (Annonaceae) led to the identification of the sesquiterpene (–)-cyclocolorenone.

Objective:

Chemical characterization, including determination of the absolute stereochemistry, and in vitro evaluation of antileishmanial activity of the sesquiterpene (–)-cyclocolorenone, isolated from D. lanceolata, were carried out.

Methods:

(–)-Cyclocolorenone was isolated from D. lanceolata leaves using different chromato-graphic steps and its structure was defined by analysis of NMR and ESI-HRMS data. Additionally, the absolute configuration of (–)-cyclocolorenone was ambiguously assigned by means of vibra-tional circular dichroism (VCD). Antileishmanial activity of (–)-cyclocolorenone was evaluated on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The integrity of the cell membrane of L. (L.) amazonensis was analyzed using the SYTOX green probe.

Results:

(–)-(1R,6S,7R,10R)-Cyclocolorenone displayed activity against promastigotes and amastigotes forms of L. (L.) amazonensis with IC50 of 4.54 and 28.44 , respectively. Further-more, this compound was non-toxic in J774 macrophage cells (CC50 > 458.71 ) with a selectivi-ty index > 100 (promastigotes) and > 32.2 (amastigotes). Additionally, (–)-cyclocolorenone was ob-served to target the parasite cell membrane.

Conclusion:

Obtained data suggested that (–)-cyclocolorenone, in which absolute configuration was determined, can be considered as a scaffold for the development of new drugs for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Therapeutics for the Management of Cytokine Release Syndrome in
COVID-19
Authors: Bhaskar Rakesh , Sinha Jitendra Kumar , Ghosh Shampa , Durgvanshi Shantanu , Han Sung Soo
Published: July 2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is the greatest pandemic of this era and has affected more than 10 million people across 213 nations. However, the etiology, management, and treatment of COVID-19 remain unknown. A better understanding of the novel virus would help in developing accurate diagnostic methods and efficacious drugs for the treatment of patients of all age groups. To control the pandemic urgently, many drugs are being repurposed and several clinical trials are in progress for the same. As cytokine storm has been observed to be one of the common mechanisms of immune response in COVID-19 patients, several drugs are under trials to control the cytokine storm. In this review, we discuss the different categories of drugs in clinical trials for the manage-ment of cytokine storms in COVID-19 patients. Hitherto, several promising candidates such as IL-1 and IL-6 inhibitors have failed to display efficacy in the trials. Only corticosteroid therapy has shown benefit so far, albeit limited to patients on ventilator support. Thus, it is crucial to seek novel strategies to combat hyperinflammation and increase survival in COVID-19 afflicted patients.
Bipolar Disorder and Manic-Like Symptoms in Alzheimer’s, Vascular and
Frontotemporal Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elefante Camilla , Brancati Giulio Emilio , Torrigiani Samuele , Amadori Salvatore , Ricciardulli Sara , Pistolesi Gabriele , Lattanzi Lorenzo , Perugi Giulio
Published: July 2022

Background:

An increased risk of manic episodes has been reported in patients with neurodegenerative
disorders, but the clinical features of bipolar disorder (BD) in different subtypes of
dementia have not been thoroughly investigated.

Objectives:

The main aim of this study is to systematically review clinical and therapeutic evidence
about manic syndromes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and
frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Since manic-mixed episodes have been associated to negative outcomes
in patients with dementia and often require medical intervention, we also critically summarized
selected studies with relevance for the treatment of mania in patients with cognitive decline.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.
PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Sixty-one articles
on patients with AD, VaD, or FTD and BD or (hypo) mania have been included.

Results:

Manic symptoms seem to be associated to disease progression in AD, have a greatly variable
temporal relationship with cognitive decline in VaD, and frequently coincide with or precede
cognitive impairment in FTD. Overall, mood stabilizers, and electroconvulsive therapy may be the
most effective treatments, while the benefits of short-term treatment with antipsychotic agents must
be balanced with the associated risks. Importantly, low-dose lithium salts may exert neuroprotective
activity in patients with AD.

Conclusion:

Prevalence, course, and characteristics of manic syndromes in patients with dementia
may be differentially affected by the nature of the underlying neurodegenerative conditions.
Neutrophil Heterogeneity and its Roles in the Inflammatory Network after
Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xie Meizhen , Hao Yulei , Feng Liangshu , Wang Tian , Yao Mengyue , Li Hui , Ma Di , Feng Jiachun
Published: July 2022

As the first peripheral immune cells to enter the brain after ischemic stroke, neutrophils
are important participants in stroke-related neuroinflammation. Neutrophils are quickly mobilized
from the periphery in response to a stroke episode and cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the ischemic
brain parenchyma. This process involves the mobilization and activation of neutrophils from
peripheral immune organs (including the bone marrow and spleen), their chemotaxis in the peripheral
blood, and their infiltration into the brain parenchyma (including disruption of the blood-brain
barrier, inflammatory effects on brain tissue, and interactions with other immune cell types). In the
past, it was believed that neutrophils aggravated brain injuries through the massive release of proteases,
reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory factors, and extracellular structures known as neutrophil
extracellular traps (NETs). With the failure of early clinical trials targeting neutrophils and
uncovering their underlying heterogeneity, our view of their role in ischemic stroke has become
more complex and multifaceted. As neutrophils can be divided into N1 and N2 phenotypes in tumors,
neutrophils have also been found to have similar phenotypes after ischemic stroke, and play
different roles in the development and prognosis of ischemic stroke. N1 neutrophils are dominant
during the acute phase of stroke (within three days) and are responsible for the damage to neural
structures via the aforementioned mechanisms. However, the proportion of N2 neutrophils gradually
increases in later phases, and this has a beneficial effect through the release of anti-inflammatory
factors and other neuroprotective mediators. Moreover, the N1 and N2 phenotypes are highly plastic
and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. The pronounced differences in their
function and their high degree of plasticity make these neutrophil subpopulations promising targets
for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
N-function Heterocycles as Promising Anticancer Agents: A Case Study
with a Decision Model in a Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Bulut Merve , Ökten Salih , Özcan Evrencan , Eren Tamer
Published: July 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the data according to five accepted criteria for the
effects of twenty promising anticancer agents on five different cancer types and determine the most
effective compounds for further in vitro and in vivo studies with a multi-criteria decision-making method
(MCDM), which rationalizes decision making in a fuzzy environment to avoid the high cost and time
requirements of further preclinical and clinical studies.

Methods:

Within the scope of the study, the weights of the five criteria were evaluated with the
Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PFAHP), which is one of the multi-criteria decisionmaking
methods, and a comparison was made with the criteria weights obtained as a result of the
Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. Moreover, the effects of criteria weights
calculated with PFAHP on evaluating alternatives were analyzed using different scenarios.

Results:

Experimentally, twenty N-heterocyclic quinoline derivatives with different substituents were
identified as promising anticancer agents. In this study, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model
was proposed to identify the most promising anticancer agents against all tested cell lines. Both the
experimental and model results indicated that 20, 17, 19, and 7 are the most promising anticancer agents
against the A549, HeLa, Hep3B, HT29, and MCF7 cell lines. Moreover, different scenarios were generated
and analyzed to prove the consistency of the proposed methodology.

Conclusion:

MCDM strongly suggests that compounds 20, 17, 19, and 7 can be further investigated for in
vivo studies.
Effect of Citrus Flavanones on Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sabahat Ribka , Azhar Sameen , Sajjad Rameen , Nadeem Fatima , Amjad Aruba , Hafeez Nawal , Nayab Taram , Wahid Saba , Tanweer Afifa
Published: July 2022

Background:

Fruits and vegetables play a significant role in the health and nutrition of
human beings. Flavanones being the major class of flavonoids are the main phytochemicals in citrus
fruits having several favorable effects, particularly in preventing diabetes.

Objective:

The purpose of this systematic review was to discuss the anti-diabetic potential of citrus
flavanones based on in-vivo studies.

Method:

A search of Google Scholar, PubMed, NCBI, Research Gate, Science Direct, HEC Digital
Library databases for articles that have been published since 2010 was conducted using the
keywords citrus, flavanones, and diabetes.

Results:

A total of 10 articles were identified, in which it was reported that 5 flavanones have antidiabetic
effects. These flavanones have many benefits, such as they help in glycemic control, regulate
the biomarkers of lipid profile, renal function, and modulate the signaling pathways that increase
insulin sensitivity and uptake of glucose, thus are responsible for preventing diabetes and
complications related to it.

Conclusion:

Therefore, citrus flavanones are the candidates having promising anti-diabetic potential
but their effect needs to be verified through human studies.
Charge Variants Analysis of a Bispecific Antibody Using a Fully Automated
One-step Capillary Isoelectric Focusing - Mass Spectrometry
Method
Authors: Wang Lan , Wu Gang , Yu Chuanfei , Wang Wenbo , Du Jialiang , Xu Gangling , Fu Zhihao
Published: July 2022

Background:

Bispecific antibody (BsAb) therapeutics have emerged as the next-generation immuno oncology therapy. The architecture of bsabs is inherently more complex than that of mAb therapeutics. As a result, prior knowledge of critical quality attributes (CQAs) assessment of mAbs is no longer inclusive for bsabs.

Objective:

The main objective of this work is to develop a fully automated one-step capillary isoelectric focusing – mass spectrometry (cIEF-MS) workflow for the charge variant analysis of a bispecific antibody molecule.

Method:

A number of critical factors for the method development are investigated: the performance of two commonly used ampholytes are compared; the impact of protein concentration for the cIEF-MS assay is examined; as for sample preparation, off-line and on-line desalting are compared; various combinations of Pharmalyte® 3-10 and 8-10.5 are considered.

Results:

In this fully automated workflow, the charge variants of this BsAb molecule are clearly separated and accurately identified. Based on six repeat injections, RSDs of the migration time of the identified charge variants are between 3 and 6%. The identified masses of each charge variant show a variation between 0.48 and 1.40 Da. The delta masses of the basic and acidic variants are from the most basic to the most acidic, -58.59, 162.26, 453.44, -907.47, 1,563.60, and 1,566.98 Da, respectively.

Conclusion:

Overall, the separation resolution, system sensitivity, robustness, and reproducibility of this fully automated cIEF-MS workflow, as demonstrated using this BsAb example, proves it a powerful assay for the quality assessment of recombinant protein therapeutics.
Phytochemical, Pharmacognostic, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ricinus
Communis Seed Oil: An Overview
Authors: Shekade Shubhangi V. , Shirolkar Satish V. , Deshkar Sanjeevani S. , Giram Prabhanjan S.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Castor oil is a multipurpose vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the
Ricinus communis from the family Euphorbiaceae. The castor oil contains a mixture of esters of saturated
and unsaturated fatty acids such as ricinoleic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid
linked to glycerol. The unique structure of major constituents of castor oil offers several functionalization
possibilities for transforming it into advanced functional material. Although castor oil is considered
nonedible, after purification, it is widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to review and compile the research work on castor oil, its
chemical composition, and different methods of extraction with their significance, and the use of castor
oil and its derivatives in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial applications.

Methods:

The literature related to castor oil and its applications was collected through different websites,
academic research portals, and databases, sorted and presented in this review.

Results:

Castor oil has been investigated for several medicinal applications including, antiulcer, antimicrobial,
bone degeneration, wound healing, and immune-booster, etc. Recently, castor oil and its
derivatives have been explored as lubricants, bioadhesives, polishing agents, insecticides, fertilizers,
biodiesel production, and vehicles for various drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the
chemical composition of castor oil, various methods for its extraction and purification, castor oil derivatives,
and different pharmacological, medicinal, industrial, and drug delivery applications.

Conclusion:

The castor oil and its derivatives offer numerous potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical,
agricultural, and cosmetic industry that has opened up several opportunities for research in
this area.
Molecular Interaction Study of Binary Liquid Solution Using
Ultrasonic Technique
Authors: Panda Subhraraj
Published: July 2022

Aim:

The major goal of this fascinating study was to determine the molecular interaction of the polymer dextran with urea in an aqueous media using a more straightforward technique.

Background:

Many physical approaches play important roles in identifying the molecular structure and molecular characteristics of various solutions. In recent years, advances in ultrasonic methods have become a potent tool for assessing information regarding the physical and chemical behaviour of liquid molecules.

Objective:

The acoustical parameters like “free volume, internal pressure, absorption coefficient, Rao’s constant, and Wada’s” constantare evaluated from the measured data. The significance gives subjective information on the type and quality of solute-solvent particle interactions in liquid solutions.

Methods:

Specific gravity bottles, Ostwald's viscometer, and multifrequency ultrasonic interferometer were used to determine density (ρ), viscosity (η), and ultrasonic speed (U) in binary systems of biopolymer dextran with urea at 313 K.

Results:

With thorough examination of the results, A careful study of the findings revealed the link between the solute and the solvent.. In the light of solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions, the fluctuation of these parameters with a change in dextran concentration and frequency has been examined.

Conclusion:

The thermo-acoustic value indicates that there is an atomic interaction in the solution. In the current systems, extremely weak molecular interactions such as solute-solvent, solute-solute, etc. are commonly seen. . The force and type of contact are largely determined by the structure.

Others:

Ultrasonic velocity measurements have proved useful in determining the nature of molecular interaction in pure liquids and binary solutions.
Economic security through criminal policies
Authors: Oliinyk Olena S. , Shestopalov Roman M. , Zarosylo Volodymyr O. , Stankovic Mykhaylo I. , Golubitsky Sergii G.
Published: July 2022

The article aims to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on economic security. Based on the study of legislative acts of the countries of the European Union, the United States, and relevant scientific literature, an analysis is made of the current situation in the field of economic security, exploring its constituent elements and factors influencing the security of the economy. Among them are ecology, the fight against crime, the financial and taxation spheres, innovative development, and the element itself as a component of the considered social relations, and processes, among others. The article outlines the key areas of public relations and other factors that influence the situation’s state concerning the issue addressed.
Ukraine’s constitutional doctrine of national security
Authors: Novytskyi Hryhorii V. , Shcherbyna Leonid I. , Pyvovarov Volodymyr V. , Kartamysheva Olha Ye. , Lysodyed Oleksandr
Published: July 2022

This article aims to set the foundations for a comprehensive legal system ensuring national security through establishing the scientific principles and framework legislation and developing a constitutional Ukrainian national security doctrine. The empirical basis for this research consists of published documents and materials concerning national security in the USA, particularly the US National Security Strategy. The drafting of the mentioned doctrine as a main scientific result is of national significance for Ukraine. Furthermore, the scientific results presented in the article, including principles, general scientific, system-structural, and legislative models, can be used for the democratic development of constitutional models in Eastern European countries to ensure national and collective security in the world.
The International Court of Justice and the international humanitarian law rules for armed conflicts
Authors: Arevalo-Ramírez Walter
Published: July 2022

This article analyzes the undermined importance of the International Court of Justice’s (ICJ) case law in interpreting international humanitarian law (IHL) and its relationship with public international law. It examines how the ICJ has elevated IHL to customary law, declaring it “intransgressible” and equating it with jus cogens, and identified particular obligations for the parties in conflict. The article studies how the Court has clarified the relationships between customary IHL with the law of treaties and has declared which elements of IHL constitute the most basic principles of humanity, applicable whether it is an international or non-international armed conflict. Finally, the text analyzes how the Court, has discouraged counterproductive separations between the application of IHL and international human rights law.
Методы исследования и управления микроплазменными процессами при синтезе покрытий
Authors: Мамаев А.И. , Мамаева В.А. , Беспалова Ю.Н.
Published: July 2022

The physical bases for determining the ignition and quenching potentials of microplasma discharges in solutions have been developed. Chronopotentiometric, chronoamperometric dependences on the conditions for obtaining coatings and the dependence of the time constant of the transient process on the voltage and duration of the process, as well as current-voltage dependences at the rates of rise and fall of the potential voltage from 106 to 108 V/s, are obtained. The developed method is applicable to control the process of deposition of microplasma non-metallic inorganic coatings and is the basis of the technique for in situ control of coating deposition. Key words: pulsed microplasma oxidation, current–voltage dependences, controlled synthesis of oxide coatings.