bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision tree accelerated CTU partition algorithm for intra prediction in versatile video coding
Authors: Teng Guowei , Xiong Danqi , Ma Ran , An Ping
Published: November 2021

Versatile video coding (VVC) achieves enormous improvement over the advanced high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard due to the adoption of the quadtree with nested multi-type tree (QTMT) partition structure and other coding tools. However, the computational complexity increases dramatically as well. To tackle this problem, we propose a decision tree accelerated coding tree units (CTU) partition algorithm for intra prediction in VVC. Firstly, specially designated image features are extracted to characterize the coding unit (CU) complexity. Then, the trained decision tree is employed to predict the partition results. Finally, based on our newly designed intra prediction framework, the partition process is early terminated or redundant partition modes are screened out. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm could achieve around 52% encoding time reduction for various test video sequences on average with only 1.75% Bjontegaard delta bit rate increase compared with the reference test model VTM9.0 of VVC.
Maternal methylmercury exposure changes the proteomic profile of the offspring’s salivary glands: Prospects on translational toxicology
Authors: Cunha Nascimento Priscila , Alana Bragança Aragão Walessa , Oliveira Bittencourt Leonardo , Dionizio Aline , A. R. Buzalaf Marilia , Crespo-Lopez Maria Elena , Lima Rafael Rodrigues
Published: November 2021

Background

Methylmercury (MeHg) remains a public health issue since developing organisms are particularly vulnerable to this environmental contaminant. This study investigated the effect of maternal MeHg exposure on the modulation of proteomic profile of parotid (PA), submandibular (SM), and sublingual (SL) glands of offspring rats.

Materials and methods

Pregnant Wistar rats were daily exposed to 40 μg/kg MeHg during both gestational and lactation periods. The proteomic profiles of the major salivary glands of the offspring rats were analyzed through mass spectrometry.

Results

The offspring rats exposed to MeHg showed significant alterations in the proteomic profiles of the PA, SM, and SL glands. Altered proteins were associated with cytoskeleton components, tissue morphogenesis, and response to stimulus and stress.

Conclusion

This original study showed that maternal MeHg exposure significantly modulates the expression of proteins and induces alterations in the proteomic profiles of developing salivary glands.
Exogenous application of moringa leaf extract improves growth, biochemical attributes, and productivity of late-sown quinoa
Authors: Rashid Nabila , Khan Shahbaz , Wahid Abdul , Ibrar Danish , Irshad Sohail , Bakhsh Ali , Hasnain Zuhair , Alkahtani Jawaher , Alwahibi Mona S. , Gawwad Mohamed Ragab Abdel , Zuan Ali Tan Kee
Published: November 2021

Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has gained significant popularity among agricultural scientists and farmers throughout the world due to its high nutritive value. It is cultivated under a range of soil and climatic conditions; however, late sowing adversely affects its productivity and yield due to shorter growth period. Inorganic and organic phyto-stimulants are promising for improving growth, development, and yield of field crops under stressful environments. Field experiments were conducted during crop cultivation seasons of 2016–17 and 2017–18, to explore the role of inorganic (hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid) and organic [moringa leaf extract (MLE) and sorghum water extract (sorgaab)] phyto-stimulants in improving growth and productivity of quinoa (cultivar UAF-Q7). Hydrogen peroxide at 100 μM, ascorbic acid at 500 μM, MLE at 3% and sorgaab at 3% were exogenously applied at anthesis stage of quinoa cultivated under normal (November 21st and 19th during 2016 and 2017) and late-sown (December 26th and 25th during 2016 and 2017) conditions. Application of inorganic and organic phyto-stimulants significantly improved biochemical, physiological, growth and yield attributes of quinoa under late sown conditions. The highest improvement in these traits was recorded for MLE. Application of MLE resulted in higher chlorophyll a and b contents, stomatal conductance, and sub-stomatal concentration of CO2 under normal and late-sowing. The highest improvement in soluble phenolics, anthocyanins, free amino acids and proline, and mineral elements in roots, shoot and grains were observed for MLE application. Growth attributes, including plant height, plant fresh weight and panicle length were significantly improved with MLE application as compared to the rest of the treatments. The highest 1000-grain weight and grain yield per plant were noted for MLE application under normal and late-sowing. These findings depict that MLE has extensive crop growth promoting potential through improving physiological and biochemical activities. Hence, MLE can be applied to improve growth and productivity of quinoa under normal and late-sown conditions.
NKX2-1 re-expression induces cell death through apoptosis and necrosis in dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells
Authors: Ito Yuko , Furuya Fumihiko , Taki Katsumi , Suzuki Hideaki , Shimura Hiroki
Published: November 2021

NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) is a thyroid transcription factor essential for proper thyroid formation and maintaining its physiological function. In thyroid cancer, NKX2-1 expression decreases in parallel with declined differentiation. However, the molecular pathways and mechanisms connecting NKX2-1 to thyroid cancer phenotypes are largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the effects of NKX2-1 re-expression on dedifferentiated thyroid cancer cell death and explore the underlying mechanisms. A human papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line lacking NKX2-1 expression was infected with an adenoviral vector containing Nkx2-1. Cell viability decreased after Nkx2-1 transduction and apoptosis and necrosis were detected. Arginase 2 (ARG2), regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4), and RGS5 mRNA expression was greatly increased in Nkx2-1-transducted cells. After suppressing these genes by siRNA, cell death, apoptosis, and necrosis decreased in RGS4 knockdown cells. These findings demonstrated that cell death was induced via apoptosis and necrosis by NKX2-1 re-expression and involves RGS4.
Climate change effects on desert ecosystems: A case study on the keystone species of the Namib Desert Welwitschia mirabilis
Authors: Bombi Pierluigi , Salvi Daniele , Shuuya Titus , Vignoli Leonardo , Wassenaar Theo
Published: November 2021

Deserts have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystems to global climate change. In this study, we examine the spatial and demographic response of a keystone endemic plant of the Namib Desert (Welwitschia mirabilis), for which displacement and reduction of suitable climate has been foreseen under future conditions. The main aim is to assess the association between ongoing climate change and geographical patterns of welwitschia health, reproductive status, and size. We collected data on welwitschia distribution, health condition, reproductive status, and plant size in northern Namibia. We used ecological niche models to predict the expected geographic shift of suitability under climate change scenarios. For each variable, we compared our field measurements with the expected ongoing change in climate suitability. Finally, we tested the presence of simple geographical gradients in the observed patterns. The historically realized thermal niche of welwitschia will be almost completely unavailable in the next 30 years in northern Namibia. Expected reductions of climatic suitability in our study sites were strongly associated with indicators of negative population conditions, namely lower plant health, reduced recruitment and increased adult mortality. Population condition does not follow simple latitudinal or altitudinal gradients. The observed pattern of population traits is consistent with climate change trends and projections. This makes welwitschia a suitable bioindicator (i.e. a ‘sentinel’) for climate change effect in the Namib Desert ecosystems. Our spatially explicit approach, combining suitability modeling with geographic combinations of population conditions measured in the field, could be extensively adopted to identify sentinel species, and detect population responses to climate change in other regions and ecosystems.
Magnification effect on fine motor skills of dental students
Authors: Wajngarten Danielle , Pazos Júlia Margato , Menegazzo Vinícius Perassoli , Novo Juliana Pimentel Duarte , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso
Published: November 2021

Objectives

This study observed the effect of different magnification systems on dental students’ real and perceived fine motor skills.

Methods

This was a laboratory-based experimental study. Students in the fifth year of an undergraduate dentistry program (N = 92) participated in this study. The dependent variables were real motor skills, perceived motor skills and time required to complete the fine motor skills test. The independent variable was the use of a magnification system under four conditions. For each condition, the Dental Manual Dexterity Assessment was performed, which consisted of inserting the #3195FF bur into targets positioned on a Styrofoam plate. The accuracy of each penetration of the targets was scored, using a point system with a maximum possible score of 246 points. Students’ perceived fine motor skills were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) that ranged from zero for no skills to ten for maximum skills. A descriptive statistical analysis and the repeated measures ANOVA were performed (α = 0.05).

Results

The Galilean and Keplerian loupes were found to positively affect students’ real fine motor skills (p<0.01); however, perceived fine motor skills and time were significantly better (p<0.01) under the naked eye.

Conclusions

Dental students’ real fine motor skills were better when Galilean and Keplerian loupes were used, but the perceived fine motor skills were not.
FACEHBI: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF RISK FACTORS, BIOMARKERS AND COGNITION IN A COHORT OF INDIVIDUALS WITH SUBJECTIVE COGNITIVE DECLINE. STUDY RATIONALE AND RESEARCH PROTOCOLS
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez O. , Sanabria A. , Perez-Cordon A. , Sanchez-Ruiz D. , Abdelnour C. , Valero S. , Hernandez I. , Rosende-Roca M. , Mauleon A. , Vargas L. , Alegret M. , Espinosa A. , Ortega G. , Guitart M. , Gailhajanet A. , Sotolongo-Grau O. , Moreno-Grau S. , Ruiz S. , Tarragona M. , Serra J. , Martin E. , Peleja E. , Lomeña F. , Campos F. , Vivas A. , Gomez-Chiari M. , Tejero M.A. , Giménez J. , Pesini P. , Sarasa M. , Martinez G. , Ruiz A. , Tarraga L. , Boada M.
Published: November 2021

Background: Long-term longitudinal studies with multimodal biomarkers are needed to delve into the knowledge of preclinical AD. Subjective cognitive decline has been proposed as a risk factor for the development of cognitive impairment. Thus, including individuals with SCD in observational studies may be a cost-effective strategy to increase the prevalence of preclinical AD in the sample. Objectives: To describe the rationale, research protocols and baseline characteristics of participants in the Fundació ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI). Design: FACEHBI is a clinical trial (EudraCT: 2014-000798-38) embedded within a long-term observational study of individuals with SCD. Setting: Participants have been recruited at the memory clinic of Fundació ACE (Barcelona) from two different sources: patients referred by a general practitioner and individuals from an Open House Initiative. Participants: 200 individuals diagnosed with SCD with a strictly normal performance in a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Measurements: Individuals will undergo an extensive neuropsychological protocol, risk factor assessment and a set of multimodal biomarkers including florbetaben PET, structural and functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, determination of amyloid species in plasma and neurophthalmologic assessment with optical coherence tomography. Results: Two hundred individuals have been recruited in 15 months. Mean age was 65.9 years; mean MMSE was 29.2 with a mean of 14.8 years of education. Conclusions: FACEHBI is a long-term study of cognition, biomarkers and lifestyle that has been designed upon an innovative symptom-based approach using SCD as target population. It will shed light on the pathophysiology of preclinical AD and the role of SCD as a risk marker for the development of cognitive impairment.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF READINESS COHORTS IN ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE RESEARCH
Authors: Milne R. , Bunnik E. , Tromp K. , Bemelmans S. , Badger S. , Gove D. , Maman M. , Schermer M. , Truyen L. , Brayne C. , Richard E.
Published: November 2021

There is growing interest in the development of novel approaches to secondary prevention trials in Alzheimer’s disease to facilitate screening and recruitment of research participants and to reduce the time and costs associated with clinical trials. Several international research collaborations are setting up research infrastructures that link existing research cohorts, studies or patient registries to establish ‘trial-ready’ or ‘readiness’ cohorts. From these cohorts, individuals are recruited into clinical trial platforms. In setting up such research infrastructures, researchers must make ethically challenging design decisions in at least three areas: re-contacting participants in existing research studies, obtaining informed consent for participation in a readiness cohort, and disclosure of Alzheimer’s disease-related biomarkers. These ethical considerations have been examined by a dedicated workgroup within the European Prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia (EPAD) project, a trans-European longitudinal cohort and adaptive proof-of-concept clinical trial platform. This paper offers recommendations for the ethical management of re-contact, informed consent and risk disclosure which may be of value to other research collaborations in the process of developing readiness cohorts for prevention trials in Alzheimer’s disease and other disease areas.
SHORT-TERM PRACTICE EFFECTS AND AMYLOID DEPOSITION: PROVIDING INFORMATION ABOVE AND BEYOND BASELINE COGNITION
Authors: Duff K. , Hammers D.B. , Dalley B.C.A. , Suhrie K.R. , Atkinson T.J. , Rasmussen K.M. , Horn, K.P. , Beardmore B.E. , Burrell L.D. , Foster N.L. , Hoffman J. M.
Published: November 2021

Background: Practice effects, which are improvements in cognitive test scores due to repeated exposure to testing materials, may provide information about Alzheimer’s disease pathology, which could be useful for clinical trials enrichment. Objectives: The current study sought to add to the limited literature on short-term practice effects on cognitive tests and their relationship to amyloid deposition on neuroimaging. Participants: Twenty-seven, non-demented older adults (9 cognitively intact, 18 with mild cognitive impairment) received amyloid imaging with 18F-Flutemetamol, and two cognitive testing sessions across one week to determine practice effects. Results: A composite measure of 18F-Flutemetamol uptake correlated significantly with all seven cognitive tests scores on the baseline battery (r’s = -0.61 – 0.59, all p’s<0.05), with higher uptake indicating poorer cognition. Practice effects significantly added to the relationship (above and beyond the baseline associations) with 18F-Flutemetamol uptake on 4 of the 7 cognitive test scores (partial r’s = -0.45 – 0.44, p’s<0.05), with higher uptake indicating poorer practice effects. The odds ratio of being “amyloid positive” was 13.5 times higher in individuals with low practice effects compared to high practice effects. Conclusions: Short-term practice effects over one week may be predictive of progressive dementia and serve as an affordable screening tool to enrich samples for preventative clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease.
Peculiar aspects of cracking in prestressed reinforced concrete T-beams
Authors: Karpiuk Vasyl , Somina Yuliia , Karpiuk Fedir , Karpiuk Irina
Published: November 2021

In order to study the cracking of prestressed reinforced concrete T-shaped beam structures, the authors planned and carried out a full-scale experiment with five variable factors. The following factors were chosen as variable factors: the relative span of the shear, the ratio of the table overhang width to the thickness of the beam rib, the ratio of the table overhang thickness to the working height of the beam section, the coefficient of transverse reinforcement, the level of prestressing in the working reinforcement. The article describes the cracking process and the destruction of test beams. It was found that the loading level of an opening of inclined cracks is 53% larger than the loading level of a normal crack opening. Mathematical models of bending moments and transverse forces of cracking were built using the “COMPEX” software. Also, the mathematical models of the crack opening width and the projection length of a dangerous inclined crack were obtained. These models are based on the experimental data. Analysing the obtained models, the complex influence of variable factors on the main parameters of crack formation and crack resistance was established. In particular, it was found that the prestress level in the working reinforcement has the greatest effect on the bending moment of cracking. In this case, the value of the shear force of cracking significantly depends on both the prestressing level in the reinforcement and the relative span of the shear. On the basis of the experimental data, the empirical expression is obtained for determining the projection of a dangerous inclined crack for prestressed reinforced concrete T-shaped beams. The resulting equation can be used to calculate a shear reinforcement.
Preliminary prospects of a Carnot-battery based on a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle
Authors: Rindt Karin , Hrdlička František , Novotný Václav
Published: November 2021

As a part of the change towards a higher usage of renewable energy sources, which naturally deliver the energy intermittently, the need for energy storage systems is increasing. For the compensation of the disturbance in power production due to inter-day to seasonal weather changes, a long-term energy storage is required. In the spectrum of storage systems, one out of a few geographically independent possibilities is the use of heat to store electricity, so-called Carnot-batteries. This paper presents a Pumped Thermal Energy Storage (PTES) system based on a recuperated and recompressed supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle. It is analysed if this configuration of a Brayton cycle, which is most advantageous for supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles, can be favourably integrated into a Carnot-battery and if a similar high efficiency can be achieved, despite the constraints caused by the integration. The modelled PTES operates at a pressure ratio of 3 with a low nominal pressure of 8 MPa, in a temperature range between 16 °C and 513 °C. The modelled system provides a round-trip efficiency of 38.9 % and was designed for a maximum of 3.5 MW electric power output. The research shows that an acceptable round-trip efficiency can be achieved with a recuperated and recompressed Brayton Cycle employing supercritical CO2 as the working fluid. However, a higher efficiency would be expected to justify the complexity of the configuration.
Subjective approach to optimal cross-sectional design of biodegradable magnesium alloy stent undergoing heterogeneous corrosion
Authors: Zarei Najmeh , Anvar Seyed Ahmad , Goenezen Sevan
Published: November 2021

Existing biodegradable Magnesium Alloy Stents (MAS) have several drawbacks, such as high restenosis, hasty degradation, and bulky cross-section, that limit their widespread application in a current clinical practice. To find the optimum stent with the smallest possible cross-section and adequate scaffolding ability, a 3D finite element model of 25 MAS stents of different cross-sectional dimensions were analysed while localized corrosion was underway. For the stent geometric design, a generic sine-wave ring of biodegradable magnesium alloy (AZ31) was selected. Previous studies have shown that the long-term performance of MAS was characterized by two key features: Stent Recoil Percent (SRP) and Stent Radial Stiffness (SRS). In this research, the variation with time of these two features during the corrosion phase was monitored for the 25 stents. To find the optimum profile design of the stent subjectively (without using optimization codes and with much less computational costs), radial recoil was limited to 27 % (corresponding to about 10 % probability of in-stent diameter stenosis after an almost complete degradation) and the stent with the highest radial stiffness was selected.The comparison of the recoil performance of 25 stents during the heterogeneous corrosion phase showed that four stents would satisfy the recoil criterion and among these four, the one having a width of 0.161 mm and a thickness of 0.110 mm, showed a 24 % – 49 % higher radial stiffness at the end of the corrosion phase. Accordingly, this stent, which also showed a 23.28 % mass loss, was selected as the optimum choice and it has a thinner cross-sectional profile than commercially available MAS, which leads to a greater deliverability and lower rates of restenosis.
Duración de la jornada escolar y mejora del aprendizaje: Impacto del Programa Escuelas de Tiempo Completo en una entidad mexicana
Authors: Pedroza Luis Horacio , Ruiz Guadalupe , López Alma Yadhira
Published: November 2021

El Programa Escuelas de Tiempo Completo se constituyó como una política enfocada a promover la mejora del aprendizaje y desarrollo integral mediante la ampliación de la jornada escolar en la Educación Básica. Esta investigación tiene como propósito evaluar el impacto de dicho programa en el estado de Aguascalientes, México. Se analizaron los datos censales de las evaluaciones: Evaluación Nacional de Logros Académicos en Centros Escolares (ENLACE) y Plan Nacional para la Evaluación de los Aprendizajes (PLANEA) correspondientes a varias cohortes de escuelas primarias y secundarias, mediante el modelo de diferencias en diferencias. Los resultados indican impactos positivos solo en las cohortes de escuelas que tienen un rendimiento bajo y un mayor grado de marginación. El impacto en primaria oscila entre .151 y .329 desviaciones estándar y en secundaria entre .207 y .355. El artículo se suma a un corpus de estudios que examinan la política de ampliación del horario y sus efectos en los aprendizajes de los niños. Se discute sobre la calidad y cantidad del tiempo escolar y la pertinencia de focalizar la implementación del programa en poblaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad, mismas que, de acuerdo con la evidencia, pueden beneficiarse en mayor medida de este tipo de políticas.
Nothing to Bragg About: Examining the Search for Autistic Representation in History
Authors: Winter Cameron
Published: November 2021

Using the career of infamous Confederate General Braxton Bragg as a case study, this article poses questions about how we search for and discuss possible examples of Autistic people in history. The article contends that we need to reconsider what we hope to accomplish when posthumously diagnosing historical figures and the way in which those discussions are structured, cautioning against both the hunt for role models and the tendency towards defining people by their disability.
What is it About our Story: Does Ergodicity help us Understand Equity from a Neurodiverse Perspective?
Authors: Sheppard Joseph
Published: November 2021

This article explores the dynamics of equity and ergodicity in a psychological lab context including navigating consent (commitments) and transparency (debriefs). The article explores how evolutionary determinants are translated into competitive gameplay in human social interactions and how cooperative gameplay based on cultural stories counteracts harms associated with competition. Other themes that are explored is a love of learning at the center of cooperative storytelling. An Indigenous form of perspective-taking called etuaptmumk or "two-eyed seeing," developed by First Nations Mi'kmaw Elder Albert Marshall, is used as an example of ergodic intervention as a balance to cognitive biases. How are concepts of dignity and respect, as support for equity in needs, and a recognition of community member competencies and contributions, work to nurture a neurodiverse writing community where individuals can openly navigate consent, transparency, consensus, and inclusion? What are both the theoretical and practical implications of using multimodal expression such as writing on a neurodiverse community?
Bosnia and Herzegovina under the Communist Regime: an Outlook on Educational Policy
Authors: Šušnjara Snježana
Published: November 2021

Bosnia and Herzegovina as one of the nine republics of Yugoslavia was always among the poorest republics in the former state. However, the school system, as it was the case in the totalitarian regimes, was under direct control of the state. The state had the power to influence school programs and to decide who could apply for school profession. After World War II, education became compulsory for all children and the state could have influenced easily all aspects of education. The state conception how to educate a new society and how to produce a common Yugoslav identity was in focus of the new ideology and those who did not agree with this concept were exposed to negative connotations and even to persecution. Human rights of an individual were openly proclaimed but not respected. Totalitarian societies commonly expect the system of education to operate as a main transformational force that will facilitate the creation of the new man in the social order they have proclaimed. After the split of the Soviet model of pedagogy (1945–1949), the changes occurred in education when the communists established a new regime with universal characteristics of the Yugoslavian education which differentiated among the republics in accordance with their own specificities. Bosnia and Herzegovina with its multi-ethnic nature occupied a special place inside the common state as a model that served as a creation of possible, multiethnic, socialist Yugoslavia.
Totalitarianism and the Violation of Human Rights in Education. The Case of Slovenia
Authors: Kodelja Ingrid , Kodelja Zdenko
Published: November 2021

Slovenian schools were victims of the totalitarianism of Italian Fascism from the advent of fascist rule in 1922 until the capitulation of Italy in 1943 and of German Nazism during World War II (1941–1945). However, the question remains whether schools in Slovenia were victims of totalitarianism after the war, too. The answer depends on whether the socialist regime was merely undemocratic or also totalitarian. But even if the state at that time was not totalitarian, it violated human rights also in the field of education. According to the European Court of Human Rights, the State is forbidden to pursue an aim of indoctrination in public schools – as was the case in Slovenia – because indoctrination is considered to not respect parents’ religious and philosophical convictions. In this paper it will be shown that the state also violated two other human rights of their citizens which are in close connection to this parents’ right, namely, the right of parents to choose private schools based on specific moral, religious or secular values; and (if there are not such schools) the right to establish them. Both of these rights were violated because private schools, except religious schools for the education of priests, were forbidden. These rights were violated in the socialist republic of Slovenia even though ex-Yugoslavia (one of whose constitutive parts was at that time Slovenia) signed and ratified these international documents on human rights.
EFL college students writing anxiety of English language education at Universitas Internasional Batam
Authors: Pratiwi Theodesia Lady
Published: November 2021

Writing is considered to be the most difficult skill to master for EFL students. This experience was faced by English Language Education (ELE) students at Universitas Internasional Batam (UIB). Based on the observation, the results of their writings were not satisfying. This study assumed that the students might feel anxious when they were writing in English. Therefore, this study aims to examine the types and causes of writing anxiety of ELE students at UIB. This study employed explanatory design of mixed method research. The research instruments were questionnaires adopted from SLWAI and CWAI developed by Cheng (2004). To extend the deeper analysis, this study conducted interviews to the high- and low-level writing anxiety students. This study found that the most dominant levels of writing anxiety is high-anxiety (71.43%). In terms of writing anxiety, this study found that cognitive anxiety is the most dominant type with the mean of 26.37. Next, when studying the cause of writing anxiety, the most dominant cause was linguistic difficulties. This result was in line with the interviews with high-and low- writing anxiety students. Students with both high and low writing anxiety still found that linguistic difficulties affect their writing anxiety. Therefore, the learning process at English Language Education needs to be equipped with sufficient linguistic competences in the first year, such as vocabulary, grammar, and punctuation.
Strategies and creativity used by fansubbers in subtitling 'Hot and Young Seoul Trip X NCT Life' to overcome language barriers
Authors: Damayanti Syafira Ilyas , Hartono Rudi
Published: November 2021

This research focuses on the subtitling strategies and creative subtitling used in translating the Korean variety show Hot and Young Seoul Trip X NCT LIFE (2018) into Indonesian and the impact of fan subtitles to overcome language barriers. In order to draw more understanding, qualitative content analysis was applied to describe the subtitling strategies and creative subtitling used by the fansubbers in producing Indonesian subtitles. An online survey was conducted to determine the impact of the subtitling from the fans' perspective. The research findings on subtitling strategies were obtained from 1599 data and showed that there were eight strategies applied in this research. Amid those strategies, transfer with 1434 data found is the most used strategy, followed by imitation, dislocation, expansion, paraphrase, transcription, condensation, and deletion. Then, the creative subtitling used in the work using different colors, fonts, and punctuation that is influenced by field (topic), tenor (relationship), and mode (circumstances). The online survey results prescribe that the subtitles of the fan help the audience overcome language barriers by producing translated audiovisual content into their language. Therefore, the fansubbers' decision to combine subtitling strategies and creative subtitling helps the foreign audiences overcome language barriers
Who is afraid of the Gods? Rethinking escapism in Nigerian dramatic literature
Authors: Oluwasuji Olutoba Gboyega
Published: November 2021

Escapism can mean different things to diverse sets of people in various fields of study. To some people, it can mean escape to reality, while some can denote it as an escape to entertainment or distraction from boredom. Escapism in this paper takes a different turn and adopts the term to identify how different decisions can be influenced in any socio-cultural setting. Using South Western Nigeria as a case study, this paper questions the possible interpretations of escapism and the extent to which leaders, especially, identify with them. This paper uses Ahmed Yerima's Sacred Mutters and Iyase to explore the issue of misinterpretation and human machination to escape punishment from the gods. "Sacred Mutters" and "Iyase" highlight leaders' plight before their ascension into power, and the issue of human carelessness, and how he or she is misguided by his or her own intellectual and spiritual interests. The paper argues that modernization and Westernisation had crippled most of the significant and core aspects of African norms, values, and traditions. This degradation has affected the criminal justice system of the people. Against this background, the paper adopts Olawole Famule's connective cultural theory to explore escapism, misinterpretation, and machination in Nigerian discourse. The paper concludes that escapism is the main cause of corruption in the socio-political landscape of Nigeria and calls for a return to traditional African system.
Fructose-induced severe hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes mellitus: a cautionary tale
Authors: Dugic Ana , Kryk Michael , Mellenthin Claudia , Braig Christoph , Catanese Lorenzo , Petermann Sandy , Kothmann Jürgen , Mühldorfer Steffen
Published: November 2021

Drinking fruit juice is an increasingly popular health trend, as it is widely perceived as a source of vitamins and nutrients. However, high fructose load in fruit beverages can have harmful metabolic effects. When consumed in high amounts, fructose is linked with hypertriglyceridemia, fatty liver and insulin resistance. We present an unusual case of a patient with severe asymptomatic hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of 9182 mg/dL) and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, who reported a daily intake of 15 L of fruit juice over several weeks before presentation. The patient was referred to our emergency department with blood glucose of 527 mg/dL and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 17.3%. Interestingly, features of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state were absent. The patient was overweight with an otherwise unremarkable physical exam. Lipase levels, liver function tests and inflammatory markers were closely monitored and remained unremarkable. The initial therapeutic approach included i.v. volume resuscitation, insulin and heparin. Additionally, plasmapheresis was performed to prevent potentially fatal complications of hypertriglyceridemia. The patient was counseled on balanced nutrition and detrimental effects of fruit beverages. He was discharged home 6 days after admission. At a 2-week follow-up visit, his triglyceride level was 419 mg/dL, total cholesterol was 221 mg/dL and HbA1c was 12.7%. The present case highlights the role of fructose overconsumption as a contributory factor for severe hypertriglyceridemia in a patient with newly diagnosed diabetes. We discuss metabolic effects of uncontrolled fructose ingestion, as well as the interplay of primary and secondary factors, in the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by diabetes.

Learning points

Excessive dietary fructose intake can exacerbate hypertriglyceridemia in patients with underlying type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and absence of diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state.

When consumed in large amounts, fructose is considered a highly lipogenic nutrient linked with postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and de novo hepatic lipogenesis (DNL).

Severe lipemia (triglyceride plasma level > 9000 mg/dL) could be asymptomatic and not necessarily complicated by acute pancreatitis, although lipase levels should be closely monitored.

Plasmapheresis is an effective adjunct treatment option for rapid lowering of high serum lipids, which is paramount to prevent acute complications of severe hypertriglyceridemia.
Comprehensive selection of the wood properties of Paulownia clones grown in the hilly region of southern China
Authors: Feng Yanzhi , Cui Lingjun , Zhao Yang , Qiao Jie , Wang Baoping , Yang Chaowei , Zhou Haijiang , Chang Delong
Published: November 2021

The wood properties of Paulownia clones determine their ultimate price and uses. This study selected superior clones with good color and mechanical properties using selection indexes. Variation in 23 5-year-old Paulownia clones was analyzed using genetic parameters, correlation analysis, and a comprehensive assessment of two color characteristics [color difference (ΔE) and whiteness (WH)] and six mechanical properties [density (ρ), hardness of the tangential, radial, and end surfaces (Ht, Hr, and He), and cleavage strength of the tangential and radial surfaces (qt, qr)]. There were significant differences (p < 0.01) in each of the eight traits among the 23 clones. There were significant negative phenotypic and genetic correlations between ΔE and WH. The six mechanical properties were significantly positively correlated genetically, showing significant positive phenotypic correlations with each other, except for ρ, Ht, and qt. With a selection rate of 8.70%, clones MB04 and L01 were selected as superior using the comprehensive selection index. Compared with the control (9501), the genetic gains of clones MB04 and L01 in ΔE, WH, ρ, qr, qt, He, Hr, and Ht were 0.40, 0.21, 10.32, 12.57, 14.81, 26.05, 28.04, and 6.84%, respectively, and the actual gains were 0.59, 0.31, 17.21, 28.45, 28.09, 34.90, 40.08, and 11.12%.
Non-marital Fertility in Metropolises in Ukraine
Authors: SLYUSAR L. I. , AKSYONOVA S. Yu.
Published: November 2021

In Ukraine, the increasing share of children born out of marriage during the fi rst two decades of our country independence was in line with European trends and became consequence of the intensifi cation of the modernization process of many spheres of public life. In Ukraine, every fi ft h child is born out of wedlock, and this indicator is one of the lowest among European countries. Th ere are signifi cant diff erences in the prevalence of illegitimate births within the country between regions and settlements of diff erent types. Th e purpose of our study is comprehensive analysis of the peculiarities of childbearing out of marriage in the metropolises of Ukraine, its dynamics and structural characteristics. An in-depth analysis of illemethods are comparison, graphical presentation of analysis results, generalization methods, analogies. Lviv is a city with pronounced traditional matrimonial behavior and more strong preferences for classical family values and has the lowest share of children born out of marriage. Kharkiv, Dnipro, and Odesa are characterized by the relatively high level of out-ofwedlock births that can most likely be explained by more intensive demographic modernization and transformation. Th e decrease in the proportion of illegitimate births among all births is the general trend in the cities of Ukraine. In metropolises of our country the share of children born out of marriage is much lower than in the oblast of their location and other urban areas; except for Lviv, where the difference between the indicators is minimal. Compared to other settlements, the metropolises are characterized by smaller share of the youngest women among mothers who were not married at the childbearing moment and higher share of women 35 years and older. Metropolises have the same age profi le of the proportion of illegitimate births as other territories: the illegitimate births are the most common among women under 20 years of age, women of 25-29 years have the lowest share; among the women 30 years and older the share of births out of marriage gradually increases, but remains much lower than that for youngest mothers. Th e mean age of mother at the birth of child out of marriage is usually lower than similar indicator that takes into account all births. Th e mean age of mother at the birth of child out of marriage in the metropolises signifi cantly exceeds the corresponding indicators in the area of their location and in Ukraine as a whole. Structural diff erences in out-of-wedlock births refl ect changes in its factors in favor of “desired” motherhood.
Quality of Life Temporal Aspects in International Migration Studies
Authors: MAIDANIK I. P.
Published: November 2021

The article is devoted to revealing the scientifi c potential of temporal aspects in studying the quality of life of international migrants. Th e purpose of this paper is to initiate a scientifi c discussion on temporal indicators of population well-being and present empirical evidence of their importance in migration research. Th e scientifi c novelty lies in revealing the widespread use of temporal elements in the structure of systems for quality of life assessing, substantiation the need to use time indicators in studies of international migrants’ well-being. Th e article uses methods of system approach, analysis and synthesis, grouping, comparison. Th e study showed that contemporary approaches of the quality of life analysis abounds with time-dependent elements. However, conceptualization of temporality is absent there. Temporal indicators connected with duration and rhythm are most oft en used. Th e main empirical basis for studying the migrants’ quality of life in this article is the results of the European Social Survey (ESS). Th e reference group for comparing the migrants’ well-being in this study is local population. Th e integrated indicator of quality of life assessment, the average happiness score, is used. It shows almost identical overall values of this indicator for both population groups (the diff erence was 0.1 points on a 10-point scale). Th ere was a lack of territorial universality to identify a happier group because in half of the analyzed countries the locals were happier than newcomers whereas in the rest of the territories there was the opposite situation or the same values of the indicator. Th e average happiness scores and life satisfaction scores among migrants decrease in parallel with the increase in length of stay in the destination country. A separate eff ect of age and length of stay temporal characteristics on the quality of life of international migrants is established. The degree of freedom, the agency to infl uence their own lives is considered a separate temporal element of the migrants’ well-being. According to the ESS, the average value of this indicator for newcomers and locals coincides.
Guidelines for Pediatric Home Health Care
Authors: Care AAP Section on Home Health
Published: November 2021

The 2nd edition provides "best practice" guidelines written in collaboration with key home health care professionals. Comprehensive and easy-to-use, the new second edition provides a practical approach to establishing safe, medically necessary, family-centered home care for pediatric patients.
Medicolegal Issues in Pediatrics
Authors:   AAP Committee on Medical Liability and Risk Management
Published: November 2021

Medical liability continues to be a fact of life for pediatricians. One third of pediatricians will be sued for medical liability over the course of their careers. Pediatricians need to be aware of this fact and take steps to reduce the likelihood of being sued. Medicolegal Issues in Pediatrics, offers a wide range of medicolegal topics that affect the practice of pediatrics from residency through retirement. It provides pediatricians with detailed information on common pediatric malpractice claims and specific risk management strategies to reduce the threat of being sued and make it easier to defend a claim.
Pediatric Otolaryngology
Authors:   AAP Section on Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Published: November 2021

Pediatric Otolaryngology gives you one place to look for expert help with virtually any commonly encountered pediatric ENT condition. Get the answers you need for on-target ENT diagnosis, treatment and referral
Pediatric Nutrition
Authors:   AAP Committee on Nutrition
Published: November 2021

Prepared by the AAP Committee on Nutrition with contributions from more than 100 experienced practitioners, the 7th edition puts nutrition-related information at your fingertips.
Pediatric ICD-10-CM
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics
Published: November 2021

In this first edition, Pediatric ICD-10-CM: A Manual for Provider-Based Coding strives to bring to the pediatric provider, coder, and biller the most accurate and easy-to use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Composed entirely with a pediatrics focus, this manual exclusively features codes and guidelines for physician- and provider-based coding, all in a simplified yet familiar format.

The full draft of the ICD-10-CM code set comes in at well over 1,000 pages. This book condenses that large and potentially cumbersome book into 400 pages of the most relevant,pediatrics-related codes and guidelines. It also fully integrates into the tabular list specific chapter and code guidelines. Guideline are now included directly at the chapter and code level, ensuring that coders will always use the right codes in right circumstances

Features include

Integrated codes and guidelines

Simplified yet familiar layout

Tabular and indexed navigation

Pediatric-focused and provider-based guidance

And more...

Contents Include:

ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting: FY 2015

Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00-B99)

Neoplasms (C00-D49)

Diseases of the Blood and Blood-Forming Organs and Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism (D50-D89)

Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases (E00-E89)

Mental, Behavioral and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (F01-F99)

Diseases of the Nervous System (G00-G99)

Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00-H59)

Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (H60-H95)

Diseases of the Circulatory System (I00-I99)

Diseases of the Respiratory System (J00-J99)

Diseases of the Digestive System (K00-K95)

Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (L00-L99)

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (M00-M99)

Diseases of the Genitourinary System (N00-N99)

Pregnancy, Childbirth, Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (P00-P99)

Congenital Malformations, Deformations and Chromosomal Abnormalities (Q00-Q99)

Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings (R00-R99)

Injury, Poisoning and Consequences of Certain Other External Causes (S00-T88)

External Causes of Morbidity (V00-Y99)

Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact With Health Services (Z00-Z99)
Pediatric Psychopharmacology for Primary Care
Authors: Riddle Mark A.
Published: November 2021

Confidently prescribe, monitor, and manage medications for childhood mental disorders. This game-changing new AAP resource arms you with a unique strategic approach -- plus practice-tested, condition-specific treatment recommendations.
Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation (NRP), 7th Ed
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics,   American Heart Association
Published: November 2021

The Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP) is an educational program jointly sponsored with the American Heart Association (AHA). The course conveys an evidence-based approach to care of the newborn at birth and facilitates effective team-based care for healthcare professionals who care for newborns at the time of delivery.
Pediatric ICD-10-CM 2018: A Manual for Provider-Based Coding
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Coding and Nomenclature
Published: November 2021

For the pediatric provider, coder, and biller, here's the most helpful and easy-to-use manual on ICD-10-CM yet. Featuring a laser-sharp pediatrics focus, it provides codes and guidelines in a simplified, yet familiar format.

This purpose-built tool streamlines the coding process by condensing the vast ICD-10-CM code set to only pediatric-centered guidelines and codes. This yields a 50% reduction of codes to search for faster, efficient coding. The guidelines are included directly at the chapter and code level, helping ensure that coders will always use the right codes in the right situations. Tabular, indexed navigation helps you find needed items fast.

KEY FEATURES:

Updated for the October 1, 2017 release of ICD-10-CM codes

Pediatrics-focused and provider-based coding guidance

Integrated codes and guidelines
Pediatric Environmental Health
Authors:   American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Environmental Health
Published: November 2021

Significantly revised and updated, the fourth edition of this popular AAP policy manual helps you identify, prevent, and treat pediatric environmental health problems. The updated manual, also known as “The Green Book,” has new information about lead and other impurities in drinking water, e-cigarettes and tobacco, exposure to indoor and outdoor air pollution, and chemicals in food and personal care products. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/pediatric-environmental-health-4th-edition-paperback/