bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Localization of Glucose Transporter 10 to Hair Cells’ Cuticular Plate in the Mouse Inner Ear
Authors: Chen Bei , Wang Yunfeng , Geng Manying , Lin Xi , Tang Wenxue
Published: June 2018

This study aimed to investigate the localization pattern of glucose transporters (Gluts) in mouse cochlea. Genome-wide gene expression analysis using CodeLink™ bioarrays indicated that Glut1 and Glut10 were highly expressed (~10-fold) in mouse cochlea compared with the other members of glucose transporters (Glut2-6, Glut8, and Glut9). Semiquantitative RT-PCR and western blotting confirmed that Glut10 expression in mouse cochlea was high throughout the embryogenesis and postnatal development. Immunofluorescent staining showed that Glut10 protein was localized in the cuticular plate of the outer and inner cochlear hair cells and in the ampullary crest of the vestibular system. Based on these results, it was supposed that Glut10 may contribute to glucose transport from the endolymph to the hair cells across the cuticular plate.
Percutaneous Radiofrequency Ablation of Small (1–2 cm) Hepatocellular Carcinomas Inconspicuous on B-Mode Ultrasonographic Imaging: Usefulness of Combined Fusion Imaging with MRI and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography
Authors: Lee Min Woo , Lim Hyo Keun , Rhim Hyunchul , Cha Dong Ik , Kang Tae Wook , Song Kyoung Doo , Min Ji Hye , Gwak Geum-Youn , Kim Seonwoo , Lu David S. K.
Published: June 2018

Purpose. To assess usefulness of adding contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to fusion imaging (FI) for percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) inconspicuous on FI alone. Therapeutic outcomes of RFA under CEUS-added FI guidance for HCCs inconspicuous on FI alone were also evaluated. Methods. This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board and informed consent was obtained from all patients. Planning US was performed with FI for 126 patients with a single HCC (1–2 cm) to evaluate the feasibility of RFA by grading lesion conspicuity score using a four-point scale. RFA was performed under CEUS-added FI guidance for HCCs inconspicuous on FI alone. We evaluated how many HCCs initially inconspicuous on FI became conspicuous after adding CEUS. After CEUS-added FI-guided RFA, therapeutic outcomes including rates of technical success, primary technique efficacy, major complications, and local tumor progression were assessed. Results. After adding CEUS, 90.5% (19/21) of all tumors initially inconspicuous on FI became conspicuous, thus enabling direct targeting for RFA. Technical success and primary technique efficacy rates were 94.7% (18/19) and 100% (19/19), respectively. No major complications were observed after RFA. Cumulative local tumor progression rates after RFA were estimated to be 5.3%, 10.8%, and 10.8% at 1, 2, and 3 years, respectively. Conclusion. Adding CEUS to FI is useful for improving the conspicuity of HCCs inconspicuous on FI alone, thus enabling successful percutaneous RFA with excellent therapeutic outcomes.
The Orphan Nuclear Receptor 4A1: A Potential New Therapeutic Target for Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Qun , Liu Wen , Liu Fangyan , Ji Ailing , Li Yanzhang
Published: June 2018

Orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) is a transcriptional factor of the nuclear orphan receptor (NR4A) superfamily that has sparked interest across different research fields in recent years. Several studies have demonstrated that ligand-independent NR4A1 is an immediate-early response gene and the protein product is rapidly induced by a variety of stimuli. Hyperfunction or dysfunction of NR4A1 is implicated in various metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and energy balance, in major metabolic tissues, such as liver, skeletal muscle, pancreatic tissues, and adipose tissues. No endogenous ligands for NR4A1 have been identified, but numerous compounds that bind and activate or inactivate nuclear NR4A1 or induce cytoplasmic localization of NR4A1 have been identified. This review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the molecular biology and physiological functions of NR4A1. And we focus on the physiological functions of NR4A1 receptor to the development of the metabolic diseases, with a special focus on the impact on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver, adipose tissue, and islet.
A Homomorphic Network Coding Signature Scheme for Multiple Sources and its Application in IoT
Authors: Li Tong , Chen Wenbin , Tang Yi , Yan Hongyang
Published: June 2018

As a method for increasing throughput and improving reliability of routing, network coding has been widely used in decentralized IoT systems. When files are shared in the system, network coding signature techniques can help authenticate whether a modified packet in files is injected or not. However, in an IoT system, there are often multiple source devices each of which has its own authentication key, where existing single-source network coding signature schemes cannot work. In this paper, we study the problem of designing secure network coding signatures in the network with multiple sources and propose the multisource homomorphic network coding signature. We also give construction and prove its security.
The University of California, San Francisco Documentation System for Retinoblastoma: Preparing to Improve Staging Methods for This Disease
Authors: Damato Bertil , Afshar Armin R. , Everett Lesley , Banerjee Anuradha , Hetts Steven W.
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: Current retinoblastoma staging systems do not adequately describe the disease, especially in eyes with multiple tumors. The aims of this study were to develop methods for documenting individual tumors and to score disease burden over time. Methods: A coding system was devised to describe each tumor according to affected eye, meridian, anteroposterior location, activity, growth pattern, type of seed, and treatment. A scoring system for quantifying disease burden was developed, taking account of tumor number, size, spread, and secondary effects on the eye. Results: Our coding system allowed contemporaneous tumor documentation, producing datasets that enabled generation of fundus diagrams, Kaplan-Meier curves, and tables summarizing disease progression in individual tumors and eyes. Our data showed disparities between ocular and tumor documentation, e.g., indicating earlier tumor development in the left eye but younger age at presentation if disease was worse in the right eye. Actuarial rates of local treatment failure were lower when individual tumors were analyzed than when data were reported in terms of whole eyes. Conclusion: Our methods for documenting individual retinoblastomas have facilitated the review of patients’ progress in our routine practice and may provide data that could be used to refine retinoblastoma classifications in the future.
Ex vivo Rezafungin Adsorption and Clearance During Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Jang Soo Min , Hough Grayson , Mueller Bruce A.
Published: June 2018

Background/Aims: To determine adsorption and transmembrane clearances (CLTM) of rezafungin, a novel long-acting echinocandin, in continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). Methods: A validated ex vivo bovine blood CVVH model using polysulfone and AN69 hemodiafilters was used to evaluate urea and rezafungin CLTM at 3 different ultrafiltrate flow rates. Rezafungin adsorption to the CRRT apparatus was determined for each hemodiafilter. Results: The sieving coefficient (SC) from CVVH with 3 different ultrafiltrate flow rates was 0 for both HF1400 and Multiflow-150 hemodiafilters, while urea SC was approximately 1 at all flow rates. Hemodiafilter type and ultrafiltrate flow rate did not influence CLTM. Rezafungin adsorption to the CVVH apparatus was not observed for either hemodiafilter. Conclusion: Rezafungin is not removed by CVVH by membrane adsorption or via CLTM. Ultrafiltrate flow rates and hemodiafilter types are unlikely to influence rezafungin CLTM. No dosage adjustment of rezafungin is likely required for critically ill patients receiving CVVH.
IgE to the Mammalian Oligosaccharide Galactose-α-1,3-Galactose Is Associated With Increased Atheroma Volume and Plaques With Unstable Characteristics—Brief Report
Authors: Wilson Jeffrey M. , Nguyen Anh T. , Schuyler Alexander J. , Commins Scott P. , Taylor Angela M. , Platts-Mills Thomas A.E. , McNamara Coleen A.
Published: June 2018

Objective—

Emerging evidence suggests a link between coronary artery disease and type 2 immunity. We sought to test the hypothesis that IgE sensitization to the mammalian oligosaccharide galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal)—the target allergen of delayed anaphylaxis to red meat—is associated with coronary artery disease.

Approach and Results—

Total IgE and specific IgE to α-Gal were assayed on sera from 118 subjects who presented for cardiac catheterization and underwent intravascular ultrasound. IgE to α-Gal was detected in 26%, and atheroma burden was higher in sensitized subjects (
P
=0.02). Because α-Gal sensitization relates to an environmental exposure that could be a risk factor for early-onset coronary artery disease (ie, tick bites), we age stratified the cohort. In subjects ≤65 years of age, the strength of the association with atheroma burden was stronger (
P
<0.001), and plaques in the sensitized group had less stable features based on intravascular ultrasound. To address the specificity of the association with IgE to α-Gal, IgE to inhalants and peanut were assayed and were not associated with coronary artery disease. Total IgE and α-Gal–specific IgE were strongly associated with each other, but the strength of the relationship with atheroma burden was stronger for α-Gal–specific IgE. This association was significant when adjusted for sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, statin use, and total IgE (regression coefficient, 12.2; SE, 5.2;
P
=0.02).

Conclusions—

Increased atheroma burden and plaques with more unstable features were associated with IgE to α-Gal—an effect most pronounced in subjects ≤65 years of age. IgE sensitization to α-Gal may represent a novel, and potentially modifiable, risk factor for coronary atherosclerosis.
Sellaphora gologonica sp. nov. (Bacillariophyta, Sellaphoraceae), a new diatom species from a Mediterranean karst spring (Sardinia, Italy)
Authors: LAI GIUSEPPINA G. , ECTOR LUC , LUGLIÈ ANTONELLA , SECHI NICOLA , WETZEL CARLOS E.
Published: June 2018

A new epilithic Sellaphora (Bacillariophyceae) species from a karst spring of Sardinia is described based on light and scanning electron microscopic observations. Sellaphora gologonica sp. nov. shares similarities with small-celled Sellaphora previously described from Europe and particularly with S. atomoides, S. hafnearae and S. seminulum. Sellaphora gologonica seems to be related to S. seminulum based on the striae patterns and valve ultrastructure, as well as the sinuous raphe system. The main differences between S. gologonica and S. seminulum lies in its valve shape (small, elliptic to oval), not presenting capitated nor protracted apices, as in the later taxon. Sellaphora gologonica was discovered in freshwater habitats with slightly alkaline and oligotrophic waters presenting medium hardness and mineralization, at the smaller water emergence of karst spring system Su Gologone (Sardinia).
Hymenasplenium perriei (Aspleniaceae), a new fern species from Fiji
Authors: XU KE-WANG , ZHOU XIN-MAO , LIAO WEN-BO , ZHANG LI-BING
Published: June 2018

A new fern species, Hymenasplenium perriei (Aspleniaceae), from very shaded and wet rocks in southeastern Fiji, is described and illustrated based on our morphological and recent phylogenetic studies. The new species is distinguished by its phyllopodia 2–3(–10) mm apart, marginal teeth irregular and usually with notches, veins usually terminating in marginal teeth below the notch or sometimes in the teeth, and sori inframedial.
A new species of Namtokocoris Sites (Hemiptera: Naucoridae) from Thailand
Authors: VITHEEPRADIT AKEKAWAT
Published: June 2018

A new species of Namtokocoris was collected from the near-vertical rock surface of Krating Waterfall in Chanthaburi Province, Khao Khitchakut National Park in the eastern region of Thailand. This discovery brings the number of described species of this genus to seven. This species can be diagnosed by the lanceolate median process of the pygophore and a curved aedeagus without a hook in the male, and the straight posterior margin of mediosternite VI, slightly convex posterior margin of the subgenital plate (mediosternite VII) and weakly-developed lobe on the costal margin of the right hemelytron in the female. Illustrations of the new species including a habitus photograph, ecological notes, and diagnostic comparisons among congeners are provided.
Morphological evidence from immature stages further suggests Lignyodina being close to Tychiina (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini)
Authors: GOSIK RAFAŁ , SKUHROVEC JIŘÍ , TOŠEVSKI IVO , CALDARA ROBERTO
Published: June 2018

The relationship between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina of the Tychiini were tested on the basis of morphological characters from the immature stages. The mature larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi (Blatchley, 1916) and L. enucleator (Panzer, 1798) (Curculionidae, Curculioninae, Tychiini, Lignyodina) and the pupae of L. bischoffi are described in detail for the first time. To be sure about the correct taxonomic identification of the larvae, DNA sequences were obtained and compared for both the larvae and adults of these two species. Molecular data show that the two studied species of Lignyodes  Dejean, 1835 strongly differ in mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA. The immature stages (larva and pupa) of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator were compared with each other and with those known for other taxa representative of the tribe Tychiini and other tribes of Curculioninae. The larvae of Lignyodes bischoffi and L. enucleator differ in a few but important characters. The larvae and pupae of these two species belonging to Lignyodes s. str. are morphologically very similar to those of species in the other two subgenera of Lignyodes, Neotylopterus Clark, Whitehead & Warner, 1977 and Chionanthobius Pierce, 1912. On the basis of the detailed morphology of larvae and pupae, we agree that Lignyodes belong to Tychiini, sharing more features with species of this tribe than with those of other tribes of Curculioninae. New bionomic data concerning larval and pupal development and adult emergence are reported for both described species and confirm close relationships between the subtribes Lignyodina and Tychiina. On the other hand, strong molecular differences, corroborated by some relevant larval differences, between L. enucleator and L. bischoffi open up the issue whether Palaearctic and Nearctic species presently included in Lignyodes s. str. actually belong to the same subgenus.
Larval morphology of three species of Anteoninae (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae)
Authors: GUGLIELMINO ADALGISA , OLMI MASSIMO , MARLETTA ALESSANDRO , BÜCKLE CHRISTOPH
Published: June 2018

The last immature stage and the mature larva of Anteon flavicorne (Dalman) and Lonchodryinus ruficornis (Dalman) (Dryinidae, Anteoninae) are described. Figures and descriptions of some characters of the exuvia of the mature larva of Deinodryinus hispanicus (Olmi) are added. The immature larvae of the studied species are characterized by a layer (“mask”) covering the frontal region, the absence of cephalic vesicles, the body with its posterior region strongly bent ventrally, and the position on the host always on the thorax or between metathorax and abdomen. Main features of the mature larvae are the very long setae on the body and head, the labrum with few long sensory bristles and two sensory pits and with an apical row of sensory bristles, the epipharynx with two sensilla, the subtriangular labium with narrow subquadrate spinneret, and the bulb-shaped spiracles of approximately equal size in thorax and abdomen. The cocoon is built in the ground and covered by soil particles.
Preliminary molecular phylogeny of beetle cockroaches (Diploptera) and notes on male and female genitalia (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Diplopterinae)
Authors: LI XIN-RAN , LI MENG , WANG ZONG-QING
Published: June 2018

The beetle cockroach, or genus Diploptera Saussure, has been reviewed recently, with unresolved issues remaining. New materials facilitated a molecular phylogenetic study and further comparisons of male and female genitalia among known species. We performed phylogenetic estimates based on two mitochondrial DNA fragments: 657 bases of COI gene and 376 bases of 16S rRNA gene. We used codon model and doublet model (secondary structure) for COI and 16S respectively, and the predicted secondary structure of sequenced 16S fragment is illustrated. The phylogeny revealed that 1) D. bicolor Hanitsch is a junior synonym of D. maculata Hanitsch, and therefore D. pulchra Anisyutkin is also a new synonym of the latter because of its synonymy with D. bicolor; and 2) D. punctata (Eschscholtz) can be reliably determined only for specimens from Hawaii and continental Asia, and distributional records of this species require re-examination. The male phallic complex and female valvulae are generalized with diagrams, and interspecific differences are discussed. Genital structures of Diploptera are not significantly varied. We notice a superficial linkage between hook-like phallomere and pronotum: a protrusion on the inner margin of hook-apex sclerite is combined with an angular pronotum; whilst no protrusion, no pronotal angles. The differences in valvulae lie with the third valvulae and the anterior arch of second valvifer ring; these may have taxonomic implications. The uniformity in physical property of oothecae suggests that all Diploptera species, not only D. punctata, are viviparous.
Taxonomic notes on Palearctic Podalonia Fernald, 1927 (Hymenoptera, Sphecidae), with descriptions of four new species
Authors: DANILOV YURIY N.
Published: June 2018

Nine species of Podalonia are treated. Lectotypes are designated for Ammophila andrei F. Morawitz, 1889 and Ammophila kozlovii Kohl, 1906. Four new species are described and illustrated: P. asiatica (Russia, China, and Mongolia), P. gussakovskii (Tajikistan), P. kazenasi (Kazakhstan), and P. nazarovae (Tajikistan). The hitherto unknown females of P. albohirsuta Tsuneki, 1971 and P. hirsutaffinis (Tsuneki, 1971) are described. Additional information is provided for the males of P. andrei (F. Morawitz, 1889) and P. kozlovii (Kohl, 1906). Podalonia turcestanica (Dalla Torre, 1897) is resurrected from synonymy. P. albohirsuta Tsuneki, 1971 is newly recorded for Kazakhstan and P. hirsutaffinis (Tsuneki, 1971) for Kyrgyzstan and Russia.
To the revision of the genus Thionia Stål (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea, Issidae), with description of new genera and new subtribe
Authors: GNEZDILOV VLADIMIR M.
Published: June 2018

New subtribe, Oronoquina subtrib. n., is erected for the genus Oronoqua Fennah, 1947 in the tribe Thioniini Melichar. New genera, Fowlerium gen. n. (type species: Thionia naso Fowler, 1905) and Aplos gen. n. (type species: Issus simplex Germar, 1830) are erected in the subtribe Thioniina Melichar. Thionia acuta Doering, 1941 and T. producta Van Duzee, 1908 are transferred to Fowlerium gen. n. The photos of type specimen of Issus cinctifrons Stål, 1854 are examined and compared with original description of Issus rubrocostatus Spinola, 1839 (currently Thionia rubrocostata (Spinola, 1839)). I. cinctifrons is reinstalled from synonymy with I. rubrocostatus as Thionia cinctifrons (Stål, 1854). Diagnosis of Thionia sensu stricto is given basing on the characters of T. cinctifrons. Generic status of Cheiloceps Uhler, 1895 is discussed and confirmed. Thionia argo Fennah, 1949, T. anguillana Fennah, 1965, T. borinqueta Caldwell et Martorell, 1951, and T. puertoricensis Caldwell et Martorell, 1951 are transferred to the genus Cheiloceps Uhler. Hind wing venation characters of Issidae are discussed.
Acmaeodera (Ptychomus) kubani sp.n. from Northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, with notes on the taxonomic composition of the subgenus Ptychomus Marseul, 1866 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Polycestinae: Acmaeoderini)
Authors: VOLKOVITSH MARK G.
Published: June 2018

Acmaeodera (Ptychomus) kubani sp. n. from Algeria, Libya and Egypt together with A. (P.) kubani saudita subsp. n. from Saudi Arabia are described, illustrated and compared with closely related species. Species-groups A. (P.) arabica Gory, 1840, A. (P.) polita (Klug, 1829) (with A. polita and A. foudrasii Solier, 1833 subgroups) and A. (P.) argodi Kerremans, 1907 are established within subgenus Ptychomus Marseul, 1866; diagnostic characters and composition of these groups are discussed.
Diversity of the Pacific–Japan Pattern among CMIP5 Models: Role of SST Anomalies and Atmospheric Mean Flow
Authors: Gong Hainan , Wang Lin , Chen Wen , Wu Renguang , Huang Gang , Nath Debashis
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the reproducibility of the spatial structure and amplitude of the observed Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern in the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models. In particular, the role of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) and atmospheric mean flow in the diverse reproducibility of the PJ pattern among models is investigated. Based on the pattern correlation between simulated and observed PJ patterns, models are categorized into high and low correlation groups, referred to as HCG and LCG, respectively. The observed cold SSTAs in the western North Pacific (WNP) and equatorial central Pacific, organized convection and precipitation anomalies, and Rossby wave response are reproduced well in HCG models, whereas these features are not present in LCG models. The summer SSTAs are closely tied to the preceding El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its temporal evolution in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean in both observations and models, but the SSTAs in the Indian Ocean are weak in both HCG and LCG, implying a weak Indian Ocean capacitor effect. As a result, the reproducibility of the amplitude of the WNP center of the PJ pattern is mainly modulated by the SSTAs and local air–sea feedback over the WNP in the models. On the other hand, a model with stronger climatological southerly along the coast of East Asia tends to produce more realistic amplitude of the midlatitude center of the PJ pattern with clearer poleward wave-activity fluxes due to more efficient local barotropic energy conversion from the mean flow.
The Atmospheric Moisture Residence Time and Reference Time for Moisture Tracking over China
Authors: Wang Ning , Zeng Xin-Min , Zheng Yiqun , Zhu Jian , Jiang Shanhu
Published: June 2018

This paper studies the atmospheric moisture residence times over China for the period 1980–2009 using the dynamic recycling model (DRM). We define both the residence times for atmospheric moisture of precipitation (backward tracking) and evaporation (forward tracking) and show that each has significant spatial and seasonal variations. The area-averaged precipitation-moisture residence time is approximately 8.3 days, while the evaporation residence time is approximately 6.3 days. In addition, we investigate the concept of “tracking time” or time selected for moisture tracking in numerical source–sink studies. The area-averaged backward and forward tracking times at the 90% threshold (i.e., when 90% of initial moisture is attributed for tracking) are approximately 22 and 15 days, respectively. Finally, we theoretically deduced the explicit expressions for residence and tracking times for idealized cases and found the analytical proportional relationship between these times. In this way, the analytical link between residence time and e-folding time was reestablished. This proportional relationship was further verified against the DRM-derived values. In the DRM results, the proportional relation generally fluctuates along the trajectory, which leads to the differences between the theoretical and the DRM-derived values. These results can enhance our understanding of water cycling, and they are likely to help choose tracking times in relevant studies.
Diffusive Convection under Rapidly Varying Conditions
Authors: Umlauf Lars , Holtermann Peter L. , Gillner Christiane A. , Prien Ralf D. , Merckelbach Lucas , Carpenter Jeffrey R.
Published: June 2018

In most observations of diffusive convection in the ocean and in lakes, the characteristic diffusive staircases evolve over long time scales under quasi-stationary background conditions. In the Baltic Sea, however, diffusive staircases develop inside the flanks of intermittent intrusions that induce strong inverse temperature gradients over a vertical range of a few meters, varying on time scales of hours to days. Here, results are discussed from an extensive field campaign conducted in summer 2016 in the southern Baltic Sea, including temperature microstructure data from ocean gliders and an autonomous profiling platform. We find conditions favorable for diffusive instability in the vicinity of warm and cold intrusions with density ratios as small as Rρ = 1.3. The staircases evolving under these conditions are characterized by a small number of steps (typically 1–4) with order 0.1–1-m thickness, temperature differences exceeding 1 K across individual diffusive interfaces, and exceptionally large diffusive heat fluxes of order 10 W m−2. The standard heat flux parameterization of Kelley agrees within a factor of 2 with the directly observed interfacial heat fluxes, except for large fluxes at low Rρ, which are strongly overestimated. The glider surveys reveal a surprisingly small lateral coherency of order 100 m of the staircase patterns, and a spreading of the diffusively unstable intrusions across isopycnals.
Severely impaired terminal erythroid differentiation as an independent prognostic marker in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Ali Abdullah Mahmood , Huang Yumin , Pinheiro Ronald Feitosa , Xue Fumin , Hu Jingping , Iverson Nicholas , Hoehn Daniela , Coutinho Diego , Kayani Jehanzeb , Chernak Brian , Lane Joseph , Hillyer Christopher , Galili Naomi , Jurcic Joseph , Mohandas Narla , An Xiuli , Raza Azra
Published: June 2018

Key Points

TED is defective in patients with MDS. TED is an independent prognostic factor for survival in MDS.
Valproate in combination with rituximab and CHOP as first-line therapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (VALFRID)
Authors: Drott Kristina , Hagberg Hans , Papworth Karin , Relander Thomas , Jerkeman Mats
Published: June 2018

Key Points

This trial evaluates addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproate to standard R-CHOP therapy in DLBCL. Addition of valproate to R-CHOP is a promising strategy in DLBCL, but auditory side effects warrant monitoring.
Spatio-temporal neural stem cell behavior leads to both perfect and imperfect structural brain regeneration in adult newts
Authors: Urata Yuko , Yamashita Wataru , Inoue Takeshi , Agata Kiyokazu
Published: June 2018

Adult newts can regenerate large parts of their brain from adult neural stem cells (NSCs), but how adult NSCs reorganize brain structures during regeneration remains unclear. In development, elaborate brain structures are produced under broadly coordinated regulations of embryonic NSCs in the neural tube, whereas brain regeneration entails exquisite control of the re-establishment of certain brain parts, suggesting that a yet-unknown mechanism directs NSCs upon partial brain excision. Here we report that upon excision of a quarter of the adult newt (Pleurodeles waltl) mesencephalon, active participation of local NSCs around specific brain subregions’ boundaries leads to some imperfect and some perfect brain regeneration along an individual's rostrocaudal axis. Regeneration phenotypes depend on how wound closing occurs using local NSCs, and perfect regeneration replicates development-like processes, but takes more than 1 year. Our findings indicate that newt brain regeneration is supported by modularity of boundary-domain NSCs with self-organizing ability in neighboring fields.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Clocks and meals keep mice from being cool
Authors: van der Vinne Vincent , Bingaman Mark J. , Weaver David R. , Swoap Steven J.
Published: June 2018

Daily torpor is used by small mammals to reduce daily energy expenditure in response to energetic challenges. Optimizing the timing of daily torpor allows mammals to maximize its energetic benefits and, accordingly, torpor typically occurs in the late night and early morning in most species. The regulatory mechanisms underlying such temporal regulation have however not been elucidated. Direct control by the circadian clock and indirect control through the timing of food intake have both been suggested as possible mechanisms. Here, feeding cycles outside of the circadian range and brain-specific mutations of circadian clock genes (Vgat-Cre+ CK1δfl/fl εfl/+; Vgat-Cre+ Bmal1fl/fl) were used to separate the roles of the circadian clock and food timing in controlling the timing of daily torpor in mice. These experiments revealed that the timing of daily torpor is transiently inhibited by feeding, while the circadian clock is the major determinant of the timing of torpor. Torpor never occurred during the early part of the circadian active phase, but is preferentially initiated late in the subjective night. Food intake disrupted torpor in the first 4-6 h after feeding by preventing or interrupting torpor bouts. Following interruption, re-initiation of torpor was unlikely until after the next circadian active phase. Overall, these results demonstrate that feeding transiently inhibits torpor while the central circadian clock gates the timing of daily torpor in response to energetic challenges by restricting the initiation of torpor to a specific circadian phase.
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and radiogenomic biomarkers for glioma characterisation: a systematic review
Authors: Seow Pohchoo , Wong Jeannie Hsiu Ding , Ahmad-Annuar Azlina , Mahajan Abhishek , Abdullah Nor Aniza , Ramli Norlisah
Published: June 2018

Objective: 

The diversity of tumour characteristics among glioma patients, even within same tumour grade, is a big challenge for disease outcome prediction. A possible approach for improved radiological imaging could come from combining information obtained at the molecular level. This review assembles recent evidence highlighting the value of using radiogenomic biomarkers to infer the underlying biology of gliomas and its correlation with imaging features. 

Methods: 

A literature search was done for articles published between 2002 and 2017 on Medline electronic databases. Of 249 titles identified, 38 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 14 articles related to quantifiable imaging parameters (heterogeneity, vascularity, diffusion, cell density, infiltrations, perfusion, and metabolite changes) and 24 articles relevant to molecular biomarkers linked to imaging. 

Results: 

Genes found to correlate with various imaging phenotypes were EGFR, MGMT, IDH1, VEGF, PDGF, TP53, and Ki-67. EGFR is the most studied gene related to imaging characteristics in the studies reviewed (41.7%), followed by MGMT (20.8%) and IDH1 (16.7%). A summary of the relationship amongst glioma morphology, gene expressions, imaging characteristics, prognosis and therapeutic response are presented. 

Conclusion:

The use of radiogenomics can provide insights to understanding tumour biology and the underlying molecular pathways. Certain MRI characteristics that show strong correlations with EGFR, MGMT and IDH1 could be used as imaging biomarkers. Knowing the pathways involved in tumour progression and their associated imaging patterns may assist in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment management, while facilitating personalised medicine.

Advances in knowledge: 

Radiogenomics can offer clinicians better insight into diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic responses of glioma.
Review: Robert Henke, Poverty and Charity in Early Modern Theater and Performance.
Authors: Drábek Pavel
Published: June 2018

This review considers Robert Henke's Poverty and Charity in Early Modern Theater and Performance (2015).
Despreparação para a morte de Roberto Bozzetti
Authors: Martins Marcelo Diniz
Published: June 2018

Resenha do terceiro livro de poesia de Roberto Bozzetti, Despreparação para a morte, lançado em 2017 pela editora Texto Território. A tópica da escrita sobre a morte é ressaltada dentro da perspectiva histórica da ironia e da autor-ironia.
Amar, escrever, Saber de si: a questão da autorreflexividade nos diários das femmes de lettres Aline De Lens (1881–1925) e Catherine Pozzi (1882-1934).
Authors: PINTO ALINE MAGALHÃES
Published: June 2018

Resumo: Atualmente, a escrita autorreferencial ou “escrita de si” (Self-writing) vêm atraindo a atenção de muitos pesquisadores, interessados em perscrutar na intimidade e na memória individual os processos sociais, culturais, políticos e discursivos que movimentam a conformação do indivíduo moderno e a historicidade de sua relação com a sociedade.  Neste panorama mais amplo, e cada vez mais explorado, nossa proposta de pesquisa foca-se, de maneira comparativa-contrastativa, em dois registros textuais deveras singulares: os escritos autobiográficos de Catherine Pozzi e Aline De Lens. Nossa hipótese será: em um escrito autorreferencial ou escrita de si, a relação entre o eu-autor e o eu que se deixa retratar não poderia ser regulada por um valor de verdade que se orienta pela adequação ao que de fato ocorreu i.e. valor sob o qual se sustenta a especificidade do discurso historiográfico. Tampouco será satisfatório assumir a fatalidade de um eu ficcional que se expressa numa “literatura”. Nesse sentido, o discurso autorreferencial aparece como uma forma que flutua entre o pragmático e o fictício. Dirigindo-se inicialmente para o registro do que foi libera-se dessa amarra transformando-se num espelho que, ao exigir sinceridade para obter autenticidade - tal qual o autorretrato na pintura –, abre um abismo reflexivo, característico da Alta Modernidade.   Palavras-chave: Discurso autorreferencial; subjetividade; reflexividade; diários.
An evaluation of how trainee nursing associates (TNAs) balance being a ‘worker’ and a ‘learner’ in clinical practice: an early experience study. Part 1/2
Authors: Coghill Elaine
Published: June 2018

In December 2015, the Government announced plans to introduce a ‘nursing associate’ role to bridge the gap between healthcare support workers and registered nurses ( Gummer, 2015 ). The role, according to the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC), will be to deliver hands-on care that will allow registered nurses to spend increasing time on clinical duties and take more of a lead in decisions about patient care ( Merrifield, 2015 ).

In July 2016, Health Education England said that this role was to be introduced in a two-phase process, with 1000 trainee nursing associates (TNAs) recruited in December 2016 to start in January 2017 and a second pilot phase with a further 1000 TNAs recruited to start in April 2017. In January 2017, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) subsequently agreed to the DHSC's request to become the regulator for nursing associates and has been consulting on various aspects of its responsibilities since.

The aim of the author's project was to undertake an early-experience evaluation of TNA roles across the northeast of England, focusing on how the TNAs balance being a ‘worker’ and a ‘learner’ in clinical practice, in order to inform future cohorts.

The results found give rise to a number of areas for discussion, including: role clarity; placement models; mentorship and protected learning time. These are helping to inform the third phase of TNA recruitment in 2018 in the northeast of England and will be fed back into the national evaluation.
Assessment of Digital PCR as a Primary Reference Measurement Procedure to Support Advances in Precision Medicine
Authors: Whale Alexandra S , Jones Gerwyn M , Pavšič Jernej , Dreo Tanja , Redshaw Nicholas , Akyürek Sema , Akgöz Müslüm , Divieto Carla , Sassi Maria Paola , He Hua-Jun , Cole Kenneth D , Bae Young-Kyung , Park Sang-Ryoul , Deprez Liesbet , Corbisier Philippe , Garrigou Sonia , Taly Valérie , Larios Raquel , Cowen Simon , O'Sullivan Denise M , Bushell Claire A , Goenaga-Infante Heidi , Foy Carole A , Woolford Alison J , Parkes Helen , Huggett Jim F , Devonshire Alison S
Published: June 2018

BACKGROUND

Genetic testing of tumor tissue and circulating cell-free DNA for somatic variants guides patient treatment of many cancers. Such measurements will be fundamental in the future support of precision medicine. However, there are currently no primary reference measurement procedures available for nucleic acid quantification that would support translation of tests for circulating tumor DNA into routine use.

METHODS

We assessed the accuracy of digital PCR (dPCR) for copy number quantification of a frequently occurring single-nucleotide variant in colorectal cancer (KRAS c.35G>A, p.Gly12Asp, from hereon termed G12D) by evaluating potential sources of uncertainty that influence dPCR measurement.

RESULTS

Concentration values for samples of KRAS G12D and wild-type plasmid templates varied by <1.2-fold when measured using 5 different assays with varying detection chemistry (hydrolysis, scorpion probes, and intercalating dyes) and <1.3-fold with 4 commercial dPCR platforms. Measurement trueness of a selected dPCR assay and platform was validated by comparison with an orthogonal method (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The candidate dPCR reference measurement procedure showed linear quantification over a wide range of copies per reaction and high repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility (CV, 2%–8% and 5%–10%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

This work validates dPCR as an SI-traceable reference measurement procedure based on enumeration and demonstrates how it can be applied for assignment of copy number concentration and fractional abundance values to DNA reference materials in an aqueous solution. High-accuracy measurements using dPCR will support the implementation and traceable standardization of molecular diagnostic procedures needed for advancements in precision medicine.
Exhibition Review
Authors: Johnson Grant Klarich
Published: June 2018

15th ISTANBUL BIENNIAL, A GOOD NEIGHBOUR Curated by Elmgreen & Dragset, Istanbul, various locations, 16 September – 12 November 2017
There’ll always be an England – Butlins, Brexit and the heterotopic body
Authors: O’Thomas Mark
Published: June 2018

This article addresses the role of entertainment and performance in the holiday camp today as a way of understanding its interface with contemporary concerns around the impact of mass immigration and consequent emerging nationalisms. Focusing on the British Butlins holiday camp, which still maintains its original base in the English north-east coastal town of Skegness, the article builds on the work of earlier studies of leisure camps (and camps in general) in locating the function of entertainment as a key engine in driving forward a sense of ‘England’ that is at the same time nostalgic and isolationist. Within the context of the UK referendum result on 15 June 2016 to exit the European Union, alongside recent concerns of new manifestations of racism and the marginalization of foreign nationals working in the United Kingdom, the article addresses the paradox of the use of a mode that has the capacity to engender empathy as a way of objectifying the Other and consolidating a notion of a single sovereign state. Ultimately, while acknowledging the contribution made by contemporary philosophers such as Giorgio Agamben to the field, the article revisits and finds Foucault’s notion of heterotopias as a more dextrous way of conceiving of the ways in which entertainments are planned, produced and performed at British leisure camps today.
“Meu Pai Ainda Está Aqui, nas Pessoas”: Sentidos Subjetivos Nas Relações de Trabalho em uma Empresa Familiar
Authors: Andrade Lilia Paula , Cappelle Mônica Carvalho Alves , Campos Rafaella Cristina , Brito Mozar José de
Published: June 2018

Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender os sentidos subjetivos relacionados ao trabalho na perspectiva dos trabalhadores de uma empresa familiar. Para tanto, utilizou-se a epistemologia qualitativa de Fernando Luis González Rey como abordagem teórico-epistemológica. Quatro entrevistas foram realizadas com os trabalhadores dessa empresa. Os resultados confirmaram a existência de: i) sentidos subjetivos influenciados pela história de vida do fundador da empresa; ii) sentido subjetivo de trabalho como extensão da vida do fundador; iii) sentimento de pertencimento à organização; e iv) ligação estabelecida entre os próprios trabalhadores da empresa. A pesquisa realizada contribui para o entendimento dos pressupostos teóricos dos sentidos subjetivos no trabalho e ajuda na compreensão da lógica de gestão em empresas familiares. O caso evidencia que a subjetividade desenvolve-se em meio a práticas sociais. Dessa maneira, os sentidos subjetivos no trabalho recebem influências de um contexto sócio-histórico e de questões conscientes e inconscientes.
Plant-Based Solutions to Global Livestock Anthelmintic Resistance
Authors: French Katherine E.
Published: June 2018

Anthelmintic resistance in livestock is increasing globally. Livestock intestinal parasites now develop resistance to synthetic anthelmintics within 2–10 years, collectively costing billions of dollars annually in lost revenue around the world.  Over-reliance on commercial drugs and dips and changes in livestock management practices are key drivers of this trend.  To date, current research has focused on identifying new anthelmintics from bacterial and fungal sources or even synthesizing new drugs that target parasite metabolism or reproduction. Plant-derived anthelmintics are a promising alternative, yet to date major research funders and scientists have overlooked this option. Until the mid-20th century, rural communities relied on plant-based methods of controlling livestock parasites. These methods include feeding livestock specific medicinal plants and trees, grazing livestock on herbal leys, and changing where livestock grazed based on ecological factors (e.g., flooding) that increased parasite burdens. Many historic texts and ethnological accounts record the ethnobotanical knowledge of rural communities and the plants they used to control livestock intestinal parasites. Some traditions persist today yet the farmers, graziers, and shepherds who hold this knowledge are rapidly disappearing and with them perhaps a potential long-term solution to anthelmintic resistance. This short perspective piece will cover recent research using ethnobotanical data as a means to identifying potential new anthelmintics; the morphological, physiological, and metabolic effect of plant secondary metabolites on parasites; and an overview of “best practices” which can reduce bias in assessments of plant bioactivity and increase reproducibility of test results. This will hopefully bring recent advances in ethnobiology, chemistry, and ecology to new audiences, and, potentially, spark new interest in using medicinal plants to improve livestock health.
Talbotowski paradygmat wizualności fotografii
Authors: Czekalski Stanisław
Published: June 2018

The concept of visuality proposed by Norman Bryson, which refers to conscious perception determined by a system of concepts and knowledge of the visible, is related in the paper to the relationship between two kinds and ideas of photography, introduced respectively by Louis J. Daguerre and William H. Fox Talbot. The discourse about daguerrotypy stresses the quasi-telescopic properties of the picture whose visually ungraspable surface triggers an effect of reaching with the eye far beyond it toward even the farthest details, invisible without a looking glass but still clearly visible in the picture. In response to this feature, Talbot connected the photographic picture primarily with the effects of transferring the relations of shadow and light to contrast on the surface of photosensitive paper. He referred the “photogenic drawing” to a tradition older than the Albertian paradigm of the illusion of perspective adopted by Daguerre in his famous views of the streets of Paris from the window. His technique, called “skiagraphy,” Talbot associated with an ancient legend about the origin of drawing as the art of fixing shadows on a flat surface. His photographs of Lacock Abbey windows were a paradigmatic example that determined the understanding of each photo on the level of its basic self-reflexive content: in the first place, the photographic picture shows how reality before the camera lens projects its “skiagraphic” drawing – a “stamp,” as it were – on the paper surface, and how the forms of objects are reduced to that surface and grasped on it. In his Pencil of Nature, Talbot connected photographic pictures with text, determining the visual status of print photography as replica – both repetition of the highly appreciated daguerrotypy, and a rival response to it, showing the advantages of Calotypy based on the visible proximity of the picture and the surface. Thanks to the properties of Calotypy, precise “fixing of shadows” allows one to arrest despite the flow of time and fix in a visual structure what is the most volatile and changeable.
Pałając pragnieniem. Narodziny fotografii
Authors: Batchen Goeffrey
Published: June 2018

Pałając pragnieniem. Narodziny fotografii
Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome
Authors: Jain Mili , Ali Wahid , Singh Brijendra Bahadur , Verma Nishant , Kumar Ashutosh
Published: June 2018

Background

Hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome is a rare entity with an unknown pathogenetic link.

Case presentation

We report a case of an 8-month-old female with thalassemia major and increased triglyceride (TG) levels. The clinical features were as in classical thalassemia except for a white discoloration of the plasma. After exclusion of familial triglyceridemia and secondary causes (hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, drugs etc.), a diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia thalassemia syndrome was made.

Conclusions

The high levels of TG in these patients are associated with oxidative stress and higher risk of acute pancreatitis and coronary diseases. An early recognition is thus essential. In our patient, the levels reduced after a transfusion therapy similar to previous reports.
The rise of person agreement in East Lezgic: Assessing the role of frequency
Authors: Bogomolova Natalia
Published: June 2018

Grammaticalization is often considered to reflect frequent co-occurrence of certain elements in certain positions. This paper tests the frequency-based account of the grammaticalization of person agreement, comparing the grammaticalization of person agreement in Tabasaran, a Lezgic language, with the syntax of free pronouns in closely related Agul. Our assumption is that the situation in Agul, where person marking is not grammaticalized, approximately reflects a diachronic stage prior to the grammaticalization of person marking in closely related Tabasaran. We find little evidence in support of a frequency-based approach, at least when frequency is treated in terms of global frequencies. We do, however, identify a highly frequent verb that already in Agul appears to regularly associate with the pattern that has generalized to become person agreement in Tabasaran. We suggest specific information structural configurations associated with this verb, which have provided the impetus for the development. More generally, we show that while global measures of frequency may not yield the correct predictions, investigating the syntactic constructions associated with individual lexical items may be more revealing, and provide a more realistic model for reconstructing the paths of syntactic change involving the generalization of existing and quite local patterns.