bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The problem of using the cost-benefit analysis in making decisions about electromobility development in urban public transport in Poland
Authors: Mercik Anna
Published: April 2022

Motivation: Polish Act on Electromobility and Alternative Fuels obliges 83 cities to prepare every three years cost-benefit analysis (CBAs) using zero-emission buses (ZEBs) in urban public transport. First-time obligated institutions prepared them in 2018. The organisations indicated in the Act on Electromobility, and Alternative Fuels had experience using this tool, e.g. applying for EU co-financing of investment projects. However, the analysis of the selected documents shows significant differences in the approach to developing CBAs.

Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the most critical problems related to the use of CBA as a decision-making tool for the implementation of investments involving the performance of ZEBs in urban public transport. The study identifies the main advantages and limitations of the instrument. It also proposes introducing requirements by the legislator, which could increase the comparability of CBA results and thus reduce the uncertainty of decisions.

Results: Using CBA as a decision-making tool requires maintaining an appropriate methodological regime. It involves the identification of alternative projects that allow the realisation of the objectives set by the decision-maker. Its essence is to identify the undertaking that will allow achieving the best results from the organisation’s point of view and from the social, environmental, and economic perspective. The research indicates that the lack of explicit guidelines from the legislator concerning the methodology of CBA preparation for the needs of ZEB implementation hinders comparability of the obtained results and reduces uncertainty of decisions made on their basis.
The legitimacy of introducing a simple joint-stock company into the Polish legal order
Authors: Ryszkowski Karol , Witoszek-Kubicka Aleksandra
Published: April 2022

Motivation: The paper focuses on the legitimacy of introducing the simple joint-stock company (PSA) into the Polish legal order by referring to the financing of the initial phase of business operations. Describes the issue of capital gap, especially significant for capital-intensive innovative enterprises that have a problem obtaining financing due to high operational risk. The work also shows the importance of choosing capital financing sources due to financial risk and development opportunities. It presents an unconventional solution on raising funds for activities through crowdfunding. The paper attempts to answer questions about the legitimacy of introducing a simple joint-stock company into the Polish legal system and potential benefits and threats from the use of this type of company by startups.

Aim: The paper proposes two research aims; verification of the legitimacy of introducing a simple joint-stock company in-to the Polish legal order and presentation of possible impact of the introduction of PSA on the use of crowdfunding as a start-ups financing source.

Results: Thanks to the analysis of the acts and the literature on the subject, potential advantages and disadvantages of introducing PSA into the Polish legal system were identified. The authors take the position that combining the features of a limited liability company with a joint stock company may be the legislator’s response to the needs of the startup community.
Perception of the quality costs in historical hospitality services: evidence from Poland
Authors: Sadkowski Wojciech , Sala Krzysztof
Published: April 2022

Motivation: The hospitality industry is one of the most important elements of modern tourism. Among the many types of hotels, historical hotels are worth special attention. Such facilities are among the most sublime types of hotels. Opening and operation of historical hotels is connected with costly procedures of renovation and revitalisation, proper arrangement combining tradition with modern technological achievements, as well as ensuring the expected level of quality according to assigned categorisation. The research is motivated by the uniqueness and specificity of historical hotels on the tourist market, including in particular aspects of ensuring an appropriate level of quality.

Aim: The aim of the article is to evaluate the level of knowledge about the quality costs and their calculation in historical hotel services. To properly achieve the objectives of the research, the case study of one of the oldest historical hotels in Poland, the Sycamore Manor Hotel, was used.

Results: Quality costs and their calculation are not used in historical hospitality services. The low level of employees’ knowledge of quality costs, which requires further education and appropriate training, may result from the optional use of the management accounting tool, i.e. quality costing. The employees of the Sycamore Manor Hotel are aware of the implemented processes and their importance in the context of the quality of the provided services, but the lack of involvement of the organisation in the quality costs deprives it of the possibility to gain a competitive advantage on the demanding market of hotel services.
Facial rejuvenation treatments: a clinical review of botulinum toxin A, microneedling, hyaluronic acid dermal filler and intense pulsed light
Authors: Coleman Emma
Published: April 2022

Facial rejuvenation treatments include any injectables or skin interventions that make the face appear younger. This article aims to improve treatment outcomes by assisting practitioners in selecting optimum treatment for patients depending on their individual needs, whether that is wrinkle reduction, long-term improvement of skin elasticity, reduction in pigmentation, tightening or all of these. This review includes clinical analyses of botulinum toxin, microneedling, hyaluronic acid dermal filler and intense pulsed light, including evidence and arguments for the benefits and limitations in each case.
Allergic rhinitis and its impact on airways disease
Authors: Salvador Laia Castro , Chen Christabelle , Ali Runa
Published: April 2022

Allergic rhinitis is linked to an increased risk of asthma development. Laia Castro Salvador et al discuss the impact of allergic rhinitis and how it can be managed

Allergic rhinitis is characterised by symptoms including rhinorrhoea, sneezing, nasal obstruction and itching, which have a great impact on the patient's quality of life. Allergic rhinitis can be classified depending on the frequency and severity of symptoms, and can be sub-divided into seasonal and perennial. Allergic rhinitis is linked to an increased risk of asthma development and both diseases are believed to be different expressions of the same inflammatory process. The aim of the treatment is improving the patient's quality of life by relieving symptoms. Management of allergic rhinitis will encompass a combination of allergen avoidance, pharmacological therapies and patient education and adherence.
RESEARCH ROUNDUP
Authors: Winter George
Published: April 2022

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that are of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
The Effect of Pangasius Djambal Gelatin Treatment on the Lymphocyte Cells after Tooth Extraction
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Effendi Muhammad Chair , Mardiyantoro Fredy ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Firani Novi Khila ,   Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia, Taufiq Ahmad ,   Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang 65145, Indonesia, Nugraha Ibnu Putra ,   Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Abstract Inflammation is a phase of the wound healing process that occurs after tooth extraction which is influenced by the immune system. Lymphocytes are one type of cell in the immune system that have an important role in the inflammation process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Pangasius djambal gelatin treatment on the enhancing lymphocyte cell count after tooth extraction in Rattus norvegicus. In this study, the in vivo true experimental laboratories with a post-test group design was maintained. In this study, we performed 3 control groups without treatment by the Pangasius djambal gelatin and 3 treatment groups with 100 mg/mL Pangasius djambal gelatin on the post-extraction wound of the mandibular left lateral incisor of Rattus norvegicus. Each group consists of 5 rats. The lymphocyte cells count in the tooth socket tissue was evaluated on days 3, 5, and 7. The control groups' lymphocyte cells count decreased significantly from 32 to 17.2 from day 3 to day 7. Interestingly, the lymphocyte cells of treatment groups increased from 92.2 to 114.6 from day 3 to day 7. Furthermore, a very strong positive correlation between the observation time and lymphocyte cell count was observed in this work (r = 0.838; very strong). Therefore, the Pangasius djambal gelatin opens new potency to increase the lymphocyte cells count after tooth extraction. Keywords: Pangasius djambal fish, Lymphocytes, Tooth extraction, Intraperitoneal anesthesia
Vaginal Hygiene, but not Physical Activity Level Associate to the Event of Pathological Leukorrhea among Female Students of Sport Program
Authors:   Midwifery Program Study, Faculty of Medicine University Airlangga 60131, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Kirana Titania Arfinisa , Purwanto Bambang ,   Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine University Airlangga 60131, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, Anis Wahyul ,   Midwifery Program Study, Faculty of Medicine University Airlangga 60131, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Published: April 2022

Abstract In 2020, more than 70% of vaginal discharge complaints were pathological among Indonesian adolescent girls. Analyzing of the risk factors for pathological vaginal discharge could be the first step in leukorrhea prevention. The level of physical activity and vaginal hygiene behavior were factors potentially associate to the event of pathological leukorrhea. It was uncertain whether the level of physical activity or vaginal hygiene behavior be the risk factor of pathological leukorrhea. This study was aimed to investigate the main risk factor of pathological leukorrhea among female who are active in sports. This study was cross-sectional design among 70 students of Sport Program in Surabaya. The subject was randomly obtained and characterized for the level of physical activity and vaginal hygiene behavior, such as the frequency of panties replacement, panties material, urinary hygiene, vaginal soap/antiseptic, and panty liners utilization. The relationship was determined using Chi-square test. The relationship found between the event of pathological leukorrhea only with urinary hygiene (p-value 0.007). Pathological leukorrhea found mostly among female who wipe vulva from rear to fore after urinary. The level of physical activity and other vaginal hygiene did not associate to pathological leukorrhea event among female in Sports Program. Vaginal hygiene, but not physical activity level associate to the event of pathological leukorrhea among female students. Keywords: Leukorrhea, Vaginal hygiene, Urinary, Physical Activity
Effects of Lanna Music for Relaxation on Reducing Stress in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors:   Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Wannachaiyakul Saranya , Klunklin Areewan ,   School of Nursing, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand, Sansiriphun Nantaporn ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Deeluea Jirawan ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Niyomkar Srimana ,   Department of Pediatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kunaviktikul Wipada ,   School of Nursing, Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi 11120, Thailand, Charoenpakdee Prachayaporn ,   Research Administration, Academic Services, and International Relations Section, Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: April 2022

Abstract Music is an evidence-based, complementary therapy used as a holistic approach for enhancing the quality of life. The music focuses on all levels of consciousness and promotes healing through sound and physical response which can reduce anxiety, resulting in relaxation. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Lanna music for relaxation and reducing stress. A randomized controlled trial enrolled 52 persons with mild to moderate stress and/or depression. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, who listened to Lanna music for 60 minutes, or the control group, who were instructed to lie down in a comfortable position without the Lanna music. In addition, demographic data, blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate, alpha brain wave frequency and the responses to the relaxation visual analog rating scale were collected. Descriptive statistics, a repeated measures ANOVA, a paired t-test and an independent t-test were used to test the effects of Lanna music in reducing stress. The analysis showed a significant reduction (P < .05) in the mean score of heart rate, respiration rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (P < .05) after listening to the traditional Lanna music. Additionally, there was no significant increase in the mean score of the alpha brain wave after 30 minutes. The study results showed that Lanna music for relaxation had an overall significant effect on stress reduction. Listening to Lanna music can reduce heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure, especially increasing the alpha brain waves which has the clinical impact of stress reduction and relaxation responses. These findings indicated the positive effect of traditional Lanna music for relaxation and reducing stress. Keywords: Randomized controlled trial, Lanna music, Stress
A Review on Potential of Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms in Silviculture of Neolamarckia cadamba to Industrial Timber Production Areas (ITPAs) in Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, Quan Alan Chua Yee , Nissom Peter Morin ,   Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, Tung Tan Lee ,   Faculty of Engineering, Computing and Science, Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93350 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

Abstract Sarawak had around 62% forest area coverage in 2018, contributed 40% of forest area in Malaysia. Two million hectares of licensed forest area was designated as Industrial Timber Production Areas (ITPAs) to sustain industrial timber production. Neolamarckia cadamba was one of the tropical indigenous timber species selected for the development of ITPAs. The selection is based on its local environment adaptation, pest and disease resistance, fast growing properties, soil maintenance contributions, its wood quality suitable for plywood industry. Tropical soils are infamous for poor plant available nutrients profile, contributed by high precipitation rate in tropical climate and acidic soil orders. Plant growth promoting microorganisms in wild environment would be a feasible solution for N. cadamba planting activities. Such studies on N. cadamba were limited whilst drafting this review paper. Nonetheless, potential strains, i.e Nitrogen fixing microorganisms, phosphate solubilising microorganisms and potassium solubilising microorganisms, were discussed. They could potentially provide three major plant available nutrients. For industrial production, their processing with solid, liquid or solid-liquid integrated carrier materials would provide long shelf-life, better survivability in the field and easy handling in different application strategies. Keywords: Biofertilisers, Neolamarckia cadamba, plant growth promoting microorganisms, Malaysia, tropical soils
Protective and Osteogenic Effects of Crude Water Extract from Cuscuta japonica Choisy at Gene Expression Level in Human Gingival Cells
Authors:   Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Kantawong Fahsai , Sadeeyamoo Suraiya ,   Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Wongsit Peeraya ,   Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Tungjai Montree ,   Department of Radiologie Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Wanachantararak Phenphichar ,   The Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Udomsom Suruk ,   Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Yang Jianghua ,   Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand,   Orofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration Laboratory, the Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China, Sathirachinda Ataya ,   Chemical and Systems Biology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
Published: April 2022

Abstract This study focused on observing change of gene expression after long-term treatment with high dose of crude water extract from seeds of Cuscuta japonica Choisy (Japanese dodder). The aim of this study was to study the protective and osteogenic effects of dodder seed extract at gene expression level in human gingival cells. In this research, dodder seeds were blended and boiled in water before freeze-drying to preserve as dried powder. Total phenolic content and antioxidant assay were performed. MTT assay was performed with human gingival cells. The concentrations of 100, 250 and 500 µg / mL had no effect on cell viability when cultivated for 48 hours. The extract at the concentration of 250 µg / mL was chosen to treat human gingival cells for many time points to observe the expressions of osteogenic, inflammatory, antioxidant and cancer gene markers by real-time PCR. The results showed that dodder seed water extract could increase the expressions of osteogenic markers; OPN, OCN and Col-I genes. Moreover, dodder seed water extract induced mineralization of human gingival cells cultured in 3D structure. Change of BCL2, CAS3 and LC3 expression indicated involvement in apoptotic process of dodder seed water extract. Significant changes in gene expression of antioxidant markers (GST1, SOD1 and TXNRD1), inflammatory marker (Cox-2) and epithelial cell marker (α-SMA) without change of important cancer genes were observed. These evidences suggested that seeds of Cuscuta japonica Choisy could benefit the application in regenerative medicine and alternative medicine. Keywords: Cuscuta japonica Choisy, Antioxidant, Osteogenic effects, Gene expression
Development and validation of a prognostic nomogram for open elbow arthrolysis
Authors: Liu Weixuan , Sun Ziyang , Xiong Hao , Liu Junjian , Lu Jiuzhou , Cai Bin , Wang Wei , Fan Cunyi
Published: April 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to develop and internally validate a prognostic nomogram to predict the probability of gaining a functional range of motion (ROM ≥ 120°) after open arthrolysis of the elbow in patients with post-traumatic stiffness of the elbow.

Methods

We developed the Shanghai Prediction Model for Elbow Stiffness Surgical Outcome (SPESSO) based on a dataset of 551 patients who underwent open arthrolysis of the elbow in four institutions. Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected from medical records. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model was used to optimize the selection of relevant features. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to build the SPESSO. Its prediction performance was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index) and a calibration graph. Internal validation was conducted using bootstrapping validation.

Results

BMI, the duration of stiffness, the preoperative ROM, the preoperative intensity of pain, and grade of post-traumatic osteoarthritis of the elbow were identified as predictors of outcome and incorporated to construct the nomogram. SPESSO displayed good discrimination with a C-index of 0.73 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.81). A high C-index value of 0.70 could still be reached in the interval validation. The calibration graph showed good agreement between the nomogram prediction and the outcome.

Conclusion

The newly developed SPESSO is a valid and convenient model which can be used to predict the outcome of open arthrolysis of the elbow. It could assist clinicians in counselling patients regarding the choice and expectations of treatment. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(4):486–494.
Finite-size and quantum effects in plasmonics: manifestations and theoretical modelling [Invited]
Authors: Stamatopoulou P. Elli , Tserkezis Christos
Published: April 2022

The tremendous growth of the field of plasmonics in the past twenty years owes much to the pre-existence of solid theoretical foundations. Rather than calling for the introduction of radically new theory and computational techniques, plasmonics required, to a large extent, application of some of the most fundamental laws in physics, namely Maxwell’s equations, albeit adjusted to the nanoscale. The success of this description, which was triggered by the rapid advances in nanofabrication, makes a striking example of new effects and novel applications emerging by applying known physics to a different context. Nevertheless, the prosperous recipe of treating nanostructures within the framework of classical electrodynamics and with use of macroscopic, bulk material response functions (known as the local-response approximation, LRA) has its own limitations, and inevitably fails once the relevant length scales approach the few- to sub-nm regime, dominated by characteristic length scales such as the electron mean free path and the Fermi wavelength. Here we provide a review of the main non-classical effects that emerge when crossing the border between the macroscopic and atomistic worlds. We study the physical mechanisms involved, highlight experimental manifestations thereof and focus on the theoretical efforts developed in the quest for models that implement atomistic descriptions into otherwise classical-electrodynamic calculations for mesoscopic plasmonic nanostructures.
Marvelous MIRI
Authors: Wills Stewart
Published: April 2022

The Webb Space Telescope's Mid-Infrared
Instrument-the coolest optical gadget in space-is getting
ready for its close-up.
Population genomics of the grapevine pathogen Eutypa lata reveals evidence for population expansion and intraspecific differences in secondary metabolite gene clusters
Authors: Onetto Cristobal A. , Sosnowski Mark R. , Van Den Heuvel Steven , Borneman Anthony R.
Published: April 2022

Eutypa dieback of grapevine is an important disease caused by the generalist Ascomycete fungus Eutypa lata. Despite the relevance of this species to the global wine industry, its genomic diversity remains unknown, with only a single publicly available genome assembly. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics was performed on forty Australian E. lata isolates to understand the genome evolution, adaptation, population size and structure of these isolates. Phylogenetic and linkage disequilibrium decay analyses provided evidence of extensive gene flow through sexual recombination between isolates obtained from different geographic locations and hosts. Investigation of the genetic diversity of these isolates suggested rapid population expansion, likely as a consequence of the recent growth of the Australian wine industry. Genomic regions affected by selective sweeps were shown to be enriched for genes associated with secondary metabolite clusters and included genes encoding proteins with a role in nutrient acquisition, degradation of host cell wall and metal and drug resistance, suggesting recent adaptation to both abiotic factors and potentially host genotypes. Genome synteny analysis using long-read genome assemblies showed significant intraspecific genomic plasticity with extensive chromosomal rearrangements impacting the secondary metabolite production potential of this species. Finally, k-mer based GWAS analysis identified a potential locus associated with mycelia recovery in canes of Vitis vinifera that will require further investigations.
Larval source reduction with a purpose: Designing and evaluating a household- and school-based intervention in coastal Kenya
Authors: Forsyth Jenna E. , Kempinsky Arielle , Pitchik Helen O. , Alberts Catharina J. , Mutuku Francis M. , Kibe Lydiah , Ardoin Nicole M. , LaBeaud A. Desiree
Published: April 2022

Background

Since Aedes aegypti mosquitoes preferentially breed in domestic containers, control efforts focus on larval source reduction. Our objectives were to design and test the effectiveness of a source reduction intervention to improve caregiver knowledge and behaviors in coastal Kenya.

Methodology/Principal findings

We conducted a cluster-randomized controlled trial with 261 households from 5 control villages and 259 households from 5 intervention villages. From each household, one child (10–16 years old) and his or her primary caregiver participated in the intervention. We assessed caregiver knowledge and behavior at baseline, as well as 3 and 12 months after the intervention. We assessed household entomological indices at baseline and 12 months after the intervention to avoid seasonal interference. We conducted qualitative interviews with 34 caregivers to understand barriers and facilitators to change. We counted and weighed containers collected by children and parents during a community container clean-up and recycling event. After 12 months, caregiver knowledge about and self-reported behavior related to at least one source reduction technique was more than 50 percentage points higher in the intervention compared to control arm (adjusted risk differences for knowledge: 0.69, 95% CI [0.56 to 0.82], and behavior: 0.58 [0.43 to 0.73]). Respondents stated that other family members’ actions were the primary barriers to proper container management. The number of containers at households did not differ significantly across arms even though children and parents collected 17,200 containers (1 ton of plastics) which were used to planted 4,000 native trees as part of the community event.

Conclusions/Significance

Our study demonstrates that source reduction interventions can be effective if designed with an understanding of the social and entomological context. Further, source reduction is not an individual issue, but rather a social/communal issue, requiring the participation of other household and community members to be sustained.
Mid-range visual deficits after stroke: Prevalence and co-occurrence
Authors: Lammers Nikki A. , Van den Berg Nils S. , Lugtmeijer Selma , Smits Anouk R. , Pinto Yair , de Haan Edward H. F. ,   the visual brain group
Published: April 2022

Visual deficits are common after stroke and are powerful predictors for the chronic functional outcome. However, while basic visual field and recognition deficits are relatively easy to assess with standardized methods, selective deficits in visual primitives, such as shape or motion, are harder to identify, as they often require a symmetrical bilateral posterior lesion in order to provoke full field deficits. Therefore, we do not know how often they occur. Nevertheless, they can have severe repercussions for daily-life functioning. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and co-occurrence of hemifield “mid-range” visual deficits (i.e. color, shape, location, orientation, correlated motion, contrast, texture and glossiness), using a novel experimental set-up with a gaze-contingent presentation of the stimuli. To this end, a prospective cohort of 220 ischemic (sub)cortical stroke patients and a healthy control group was assessed with this set-up. When comparing performance of patients with controls, the results showed that deficits in motion-perception were most prevalent (26%), followed by color (22%), texture (22%), location (21%), orientation (18%), contrast (14%), shape (14%) and glossiness (13%). 63% of the stroke patients showed one or more mid-range visual deficits. Overlap of deficits was small; they mostly occurred in isolation or co-occurred with only one or two other deficits. To conclude, it was found that deficits in “mid-range” visual functions were very prevalent. These deficits are likely to affect the chronic post-stroke condition. Since we found no strong patterns of co-occurrences, we suggest that an assessment of deficits at this level of visual processing requires screening the full range of visual functions.
Cross-population selection signatures in Canchim composite beef cattle
Authors: Duarte Igor Nelson Herculano , Bessa Ayrton Fernandes de Oliveira , Rola Luciana Diniz , Genuíno Maria Victória Henrique , Rocha Iasmin Marques , Marcondes Cintia Righetti , Regitano Luciana Correia de Almeida , Munari Danísio Prado , Berry Donagh Pearse , Buzanskas Marcos Eli
Published: April 2022

Analyses of livestock genomes have been used to detect selection signatures, which are genomic regions associated with traits under selection leading to a change in allele frequency. The objective of the present study was to characterize selection signatures in Canchim composite beef cattle using cross-population analyses with the founder Nelore and Charolais breeds. High-density single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes were available on 395 Canchim representing the target population, along with genotypes from 809 Nelore and 897 Charolais animals representing the reference populations. Most of the selection signatures were co-located with genes whose functions agree with the expectations of the breeding programs; these genes have previously been reported to associate with meat quality, as well as reproductive traits. Identified genes were related to immunity, adaptation, morphology, as well as behavior, could give new perspectives for understanding the genetic architecture of Canchim. Some selection signatures identified genes that were recently introduced in Canchim, such as the loci related to the polled trait.
Drivers and barriers to sustained use of Blair ventilated improved pit latrine after nearly four decades in rural Zimbabwe
Authors: Kanda Artwell , Ncube Esper Jacobeth , Voyi Kuku
Published: April 2022

Background

Some latrines remain unused even under conditions of high coverage in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries. Not much is known on household latrine use in the long term in the absence of an intervention. The current work assesses drivers and barriers to sustained use of a ventilated improved pit latrine (Blair VIP) design where it originated and how rural households adapt it to climate change.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted from November 2020 to May 2021 among rural households of Mbire district, Zimbabwe. A cross sectional survey of 238 households with Blair ventilated improved pit (BVIP) latrines was conducted using a questionnaire and a latrine observation checklist. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Qualitative data were collected using six focus groups among house heads and analysed by thematic analysis.

Result

The latrine has perceived health, non-health and hygiene benefits for its sustained use. However, there are design, environmental and social barriers. The quantitative study indicated that determinants of latrine use were contextual (individual and household levels) and technology (individual level) factors. Focus groups indicated that latrine use was influenced by social, technology and contextual factors at multiple level factors. Interplay of factors influenced the intention to adapt the BVIP latrine to climate change. Local climate change adaptation strategies for the latrine were odour and erosion control, construction of the conventional latrine design and raised structures.

Conclusion

The conventional BVIP latrine design is durable and relatively resilient to climate change with high local household use. High construction cost of the latrine causes households to build incomplete and poor quality designs which affect odour and fly control. These are barriers to sustained latrine use. The government should implement the new sanitation policy which considers alternative sanitation options and offer community support for adapting sanitation to climate change.
Mixed convective flow of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid through a permeable stretching sheet with first-order chemical reaction
Authors: Saeed Anwar , Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Aldhabani Musaad S. , Dawar Abdullah , Kumam Poom , Kumam Wiyada
Published: April 2022

This research article presents the magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow through an extending surface embedded in a porous medium. Furthermore, the Casson fluid flow is investigated under the effects of thermal radiation, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and chemical reaction. The analytical solution of the modeled problem is utilized with the help of homotopy analysis method (HAM). The convergence region of the applied technique is portrayed graphically. The impacts of the embedded factors on the flow profiles are exhibited with the help of figures. Furthermore, numerical values of the surface drag force, heat, and mass transfer rates are highlighted via table. The results show that the augmented Darcy number, Casson and magnetic parameters have declined the velocity profile of the Casson fluid flow. Growth in Brownian motion augments the chaotic motion amongst the particles due to which the kinetic energy of the particles transforms to heat energy which consequently augmented the thermal profile, while reduced the concentration profile. The mass and energy profiles are positively effects with the increment of thermophoresis term. And the growing values of chemical reaction and Lewis number cause a reduction in the diffusivity of mass of fluid due to which less transfer of mass takes place that weakens the concentration layer thickness and declines the concentration profiles.
Effects of regional limb perfusion technique on concentrations of antibiotic achieved at the target site: A meta-analysis
Authors: Redding Laurel E. , Elzer Elizabeth J. , Ortved Kyla F.
Published: April 2022

Intravenous regional limb perfusions (RLP) are widely used in equine medicine to treat distal limb infections, including synovial sepsis. RLPs are generally deemed successful if the peak antibiotic concentration (Cmax) in the sampled synovial structure is at least 8–10 times the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the bacteria of interest. Despite extensive experimentation and widespread clinical use, the optimal technique for performing a successful perfusion remains unclear. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of technique on synovial concentrations of antibiotic and to assess under which conditions Cmax:MIC ≥ 10. A literature search including the terms “horse”, “equine”, and “regional limb perfusion” between 1990 and 2021 was performed. Cmax (μg/ml) and measures of dispersion were extracted from studies and Cmax:MIC was calculated for sensitive and resistant bacteria. Variables included in the analysis included synovial structure sampled, antibiotic dose, tourniquet location, tourniquet duration, general anesthesia versus standing sedation, perfusate volume, tourniquet type, and the concurrent use of local analgesia. Mixed effects meta-regression was performed, and variables significantly associated with the outcome on univariable analysis were added to a multivariable meta-regression model in a step-wise manner. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the robustness of our findings. Thirty-six studies with 123 arms (permutations of dose, route, location and timing) were included. Cmax:MIC ranged from 1 to 348 for sensitive bacteria and 0.25 to 87 for resistant bacteria, with mean (SD) time to peak concentration (Tmax) of 29.0 (8.8) minutes. Meta-analyses generated summary values (θ) of 42.8 x MIC and 10.7 x MIC for susceptible and resistant bacteria, respectively, though because of high heterogeneity among studies (I2= 98.8), these summary variables were not considered reliable. Meta-regression showed that the only variables for which there were statistically significant differences in outcome were the type of tourniquet and the concurrent use of local analgesia: perfusions performed with a wide rubber tourniquet and perfusions performed with the addition of local analgesia achieved significantly greater concentrations of antibiotic. The majority of arms achieved Cmax:MIC ≥ 10 for sensitive bacteria but not resistant bacteria. Our results suggest that wide rubber tourniquets and concurrent local analgesia should be strongly considered for use in RLP and that adequate therapeutic concentrations (Cmax:MIC ≥ 10) are often achieved across a variety of techniques for susceptible but not resistant pathogens.
Correlation of the disease-specific Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) classification and health-related quality of life (15D) in coronary artery disease patients
Authors: Kotajärvi Jarno , Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Hartikainen Juha , Miettinen Heikki , Viljakainen Marketta , Martikainen Janne , Roine Risto P. , Lavikainen Piia
Published: April 2022

Background

Generic health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and disease-specific instruments measure HRQoL from different aspects, although generic instruments often contain dimensions that reflect common symptoms. We evaluated how the change in 15D HRQoL and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grading of angina severity correlate among coronary artery disease patients during 12-month follow-up.

Methods

Altogether 1 271 patients scheduled for coronary angiography between June 2015 and February 2017 returned the 15D HRQoL and CCS questionnaires before angiography and after one-year follow-up as a part of routine clinical practice. Spearman correlations between one-year changes in the CCS and the 15D and its dimensions were evaluated. Changes in 15D were classified into 5 categories based on the reported minimal important difference (MID) for the instrument.

Results

Change in the CCS grade correlated moderately with the MID-based change in the 15D (r = 0.33, 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.39). Correlations between these instruments were similar in different age groups, between sexes and treatment modalities. Of the individual 15D dimensions, changes in breathing (r = 0.40) and vitality (r = 0.30) had the strongest correlations with CCS change.

Conclusion

The symptom-based evaluation of the change in the CCS grade may not catch the full benefit or harm of the treatment and vice versa, a generic instrument, such as 15D, likely does not fully capture change in disease-specific symptoms. Thus, generic and disease-specific instruments are complementary and should be used in conjunction.
Visual segmentation of complex naturalistic structures in an infant eye-tracking search task
Authors: Schlegelmilch Karola , Wertz Annie E.
Published: April 2022

An infant’s everyday visual environment is composed of a complex array of entities, some of which are well integrated into their surroundings. Although infants are already sensitive to some categories in their first year of life, it is not clear which visual information supports their detection of meaningful elements within naturalistic scenes. Here we investigated the impact of image characteristics on 8-month-olds’ search performance using a gaze contingent eye-tracking search task. Infants had to detect a target patch on a background image. The stimuli consisted of images taken from three categories: vegetation, non-living natural elements (e.g., stones), and manmade artifacts, for which we also assessed target background differences in lower- and higher-level visual properties. Our results showed that larger target-background differences in the statistical properties scaling invariance and entropy, and also stimulus backgrounds including low pictorial depth, predicted better detection performance. Furthermore, category membership only affected search performance if supported by luminance contrast. Data from an adult comparison group also indicated that infants’ search performance relied more on lower-order visual properties than adults. Taken together, these results suggest that infants use a combination of property- and category-related information to parse complex visual stimuli.
Image-guided procedures in the hybrid operating room: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Spenkelink Ilse M. , Heidkamp Jan , Fütterer Jurgen J. , Rovers Maroeska M.
Published: April 2022

Background

The shift from open to minimally invasive procedures with growing complexity has increased the demand for advanced intraoperative medical technologies. The hybrid operating room (OR) combines the functionality of a standard OR with fixed advanced imaging systems to facilitate minimally invasive image-guided procedures.

Objective

This systematic scoping review provides an overview of the use of the hybrid OR over the years, and reports on the encountered advantages and challenges.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases for studies that described procedures being performed with the aid of 3D imaging in the hybrid OR.

Results

The search identified 123 studies that described 44 distinct procedures, divided over nine clinical disciplines. The number of studies increased from two in 2010 to 15 in the first five months of 2020. Ninety-nine (80%) of the studies described how 3D imaging was performed in the hybrid OR; 95 (96%) used cone-beam CT; four (4%) used multi-detector CT. Advantages and challenges of the hybrid OR were described in 94 (76%) and 34 (35%) studies, respectively. The most frequently reported advantage of using a hybrid OR is the achievement of more accurate treatment results, whereas elongation of the procedure time is the most important challenge, followed by an increase in radiation dose.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the growing number of clinical disciplines that uses the hybrid OR shows its wide functionality. To optimize its use, future comparative studies should be conducted to investigate which procedures really benefit from being performed in the hybrid OR.
Evaluation the possibility of vortex-induced resonance for a multistage pressure reducing valve
Authors: Xu Dongtao , Ge Changrong , Li Ying , Liu Yuejuan
Published: April 2022

A multistage pressure reducing valve is presented in this paper. The pressure reducing components are specially designed to not only control the flow rate but also effectively prevent the cavitation vibration. However, when the fluid flows through the pressure reducing components, the divergence and shedding of the vortices in the flow field seriously affect the stability of the valve and cause vortex-induced vibration. Especially, the main frequency of the vortex shedding is in the same frequency range as the modal frequency of the valve, the vortex-induced resonance of the valve occurs. It seriously affects the safety of a control system. In this paper, by monitoring the lift coefficient of the vortex cross flow in the valve, the frequency spectrum information of the lift coefficient is used as the novelty indexes to indicate vortex-induced vibration of the fluid in the valve. The main frequency and amplitude of vortex-induced vibration are obtained. The factors affecting the vortex-induced vibration of the fluid are analyzed. The results indicate that vortex-induced vibration is the most serious when the valve is opened or closed. The variation of the flow velocity and the pressure difference have obvious effects on vortex-induced vibration of the valve. The intensity of the variation affects the main frequency and amplitude of vortex-induced vibration. Using thermal-fluid-solid coupling modal analysis instead of traditional modal analysis, the modal frequency under the working state of the valve is obtained. It is compared with the main frequency of vortex shedding, and vortex-induced resonance does not occur in the multistage pressure reducing valve.
System design and production practices of aquaponic stakeholders
Authors: Pattillo D. Allen , Hager Janelle V. , Cline David J. , Roy Luke A. , Hanson Terrill R.
Published: April 2022

Aquaponics is an agricultural practice incorporating aquaculture and hydroponic principles. This study assesses the current system design and production practices of the aquaponic industry, compares these metrics by stakeholder group, identifies trends, and provides recommendations for future development. An electronic survey of aquaponic stakeholders was conducted from December 2019 to June 2020 targeting hobbyists, producers, and educators from various aquaponic-focused professional associations, email and social media groups. Of 378 total responses, 84% came from the United States and were clustered in plant hardiness zones five to nine. Aquaponic systems were commonly homemade/do-it-yourself (DIY), many of which incorporated commercially available (turn-key) technology. Most growers used coupled systems that integrated recirculating aquaculture systems and either deep-water culture (DWC) or media bed hydroponic units. Common plant lighting sources were sunlight and light emitting diode (LED). Water sources were typically municipal or wells. Personal labor input was typically less than 20 hrs/wk. Funding sources were primarily personal funds, followed by government grants, and private investor funds. System sizes varied greatly, but the median area was 50 to 500 ft2 for hobbyists and educators and 500 to 3,000 ft2 for producers. Respondents commonly sold vegetable produce, training and education, food fish, and microgreens. Tilapia and ornamental fish were commonly grown, with 16 other species reported. Common crops were lettuce, leafy greens, basil, tomatoes, peppers, and herbs with many additional lesser-grown crops reported, including cannabis. Overall, the industry still growing, with a large portion of stakeholders having less than two years of experience. However, veteran growers have remained in operation, particularly in the producer and educator groups. The survey results suggest a shift away from outdoor systems, media beds, tomatoes, ornamental fish, and perch production, and a shift toward decoupled systems, DWC, drip irrigation, and wicking beds, larger system area, leafy greens, and trout/salmon production compared to previous industry surveys. The reduced diversity of plant species grown suggest some level of crop standardization. Commercial producers tended to sell more types of products than other stakeholders, suggesting that diversification of offerings may be key to profitability. The combined production area specified by respondents indicates the industry has grown substantially in recent years. Finally, the presence of bank loan-funded operations suggests increased knowledge and comfort with aquaponics among lenders.