bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score is valid for a wide spectrum of polyneuropathies
Authors: Abraham A. , Barnett C. , Katzberg H. D. , Lovblom L. E. , Perkins B. A. , Bril V.
Published: November 2017

Background and purpose

The Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (TCNS) is a valid and reliable scale for the diagnosis and staging of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy. In this study, we aimed to explore the performance of the TCNS in non‐diabetic polyneuropathies.

Methods

We performed a prospective study from November 2016 to May 2017 of patients with non‐diabetic polyneuropathy. Patients had clinical, electrophysiological and functional assessments of their polyneuropathy, and the findings were correlated with the TCNS.

Results

The TCNS correlated with all clinical, electrophysiological and disability measures of polyneuropathy, mostly at a moderate level (e.g. r = −0.58 for sural nerve action potential amplitude). Higher TCNS severity grades were associated with worse polyneuropathy on all measures in the lower limbs, and with worse electrophysiological parameters and vibration perception thresholds in the upper limbs. The scale also showed excellent reliability and accuracy (kappa, 0.92–0.93 for inter‐ and intra‐observer reliability; area under the receiver operating characteristics curve, 0.93).

Conclusion

The TCNS is a valid and reliable scale for a wide spectrum of polyneuropathies, and might be useful in clinical practise and research for the diagnosis and staging of polyneuropathy.
Dehydration of metapelites during high‐P metamorphism: The coupling between fluid sources and fluid sinks
Authors: Schorn Simon
Published: November 2017

Polymetamorphic metapelites and embedded eclogites share a complex, episodic interplay of dehydration and fluid infiltration at the eclogite type‐locality (Saualpe–Koralpe, Eastern Alps, Austria). The metapelites inherited a fluid content (i.e. mineral‐bound OH expressed in terms of mol.% H2O) of ∼6–7 mol.% H2O from high‐T–low‐P metamorphism experienced during the Permian. At or near Pmax of the subsequent Eoalpine event (∼20 kbar and 680°C), the breakdown of paragonite to Na‐rich clinopyroxene and kyanite in metapelites released a discrete pulse of hydrous fluid. Prior to the dehydration event, the rocks were largely fluid absent, allowing only limited re‐equilibration during the prograde Eoalpine evolution. Similarly, Permian‐aged gabbros have persisted metastably due to the absence of a catalyst prior to fluid‐induced re‐equilibration. The fluid triggered partial to complete eclogitization along a fluid infiltration front partially preserved in metagabbro. Near‐isothermal decompression to ∼7.5–10 kbar and 670–690°C took place under fluid‐absent conditions. After decompression, a second breakdown of phengitic white mica and garnet produced muscovite, biotite, plagioclase and ∼0.1–0.7 mol.% H2O that enhanced extensive fluid‐aided re‐equilibration of the metapelites. Potential relicts of high‐P assemblages were largely obliterated and replaced by the recurrent amphibolite facies assemblage garnet+biotite+staurolite+kyanite+muscovite+plagioclase+ilmenite+quartz. The hydrous fluid originating from the metapelites infiltrated the embedded eclogites at these P–T conditions and induced the local breakdown of the peak assemblage omphacite and garnet to fine‐grained symplectites of diopside and plagioclase. Further fluid infiltration led to the formation of hornblende–quartz poikiloblasts at the expense of the symplectites. The metapelites re‐equilibrated until the growth of retrograde staurolite consumed any remaining free fluid, thereby terminating the process. Further re‐equilibration is inhibited by both the lack of a catalytic fluid and H2O as a reactant essential for rehydration reactions. The interplay between fluid sources and fluid sinks describes a closed cycle for the rocks at the eclogite type‐locality. Final, near‐isobaric cooling is indicated by a slight increase of XFe in garnet rims. Post‐decompression dehydration and fluid‐aided re‐equilibration arrested by the introduction of staurolite might explain the apparently homogeneous retrogression conditions as well as the notorious absence of diagnostic high‐P assemblages in metapelites at the eclogite type‐locality.
A stress‐associated protein, AtSAP13, from Arabidopsis thaliana provides tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses
Authors: Dixit Anirudha , Tomar Parul , Vaine Evan , Abdullah Hesham , Hazen Samuel , Dhankher Om Parkash
Published: November 2017

Members of Stress‐Associated Protein (SAP) family in plants have been shown to impart tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses, however, their mode of action in providing tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses is largely unknown. There are 14 SAP genes in Arabidopsis thaliana containing A20, AN1, and Cys2‐His2 zinc finger domains. AtSAP13, a member of the SAP family, carries two AN1 zinc finger domains and an additional Cys2‐His2 domain. AtSAP13 transcripts showed upregulation in response to Cd, ABA, and salt stresses. AtSAP13 overexpression lines showed strong tolerance to toxic metals (AsIII, Cd, and Zn), drought, and salt stress. Further, transgenic lines accumulated significantly higher amounts of Zn, but less As and Cd accumulation in shoots and roots. AtSAP13 promoter–GUS fusion studies showed GUS expression predominantly in the vascular tissue, hydathodes, and the apical meristem and region of root maturation and elongation as well as the root hairs. At the subcellular level, the AtSAP13–eGFP fusion protein was found to localize in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Through yeast one‐hybrid assay, we identified several AP2/EREBP family transcription factors that interacted with the AtSAP13 promoter. AtSAP13 and its homologues will be highly useful for developing climate resilient crops.
The periodontal pocket: pathogenesis, histopathology and consequences
Authors: Bosshardt Dieter D.
Published: November 2017

The conversion of junctional epithelium to pocket epithelium is regarded as a hallmark in the development of periodontitis. Knowledge of factors contributing to the initiation and progression of pocket formation is important and may result in the development of better preventive measures and improve healing outcomes after therapeutic interventions. The periodontal pocket is a pathologically deepened gingival sulcus. In healthy periodontal conditions, the defense mechanisms are generally sufficient to control the constant microbiological challenge through a normally functioning junctional epithelium and the concentrated powerful mass of inflammatory and immune cells and macromolecules transmigrating through this epithelium. In contrast, destruction of the structural integrity of the junctional epithelium, which includes disruption of cell‐to‐cell contacts and detachment from the tooth surface, consequently leading to pocket formation, disequilibrates this delicate defense system. Deepening of the pocket apically, and also horizontal expansion of the biofilm on the tooth root, puts this system to a grueling test. There is no more this powerful concentration of defense cells and macromolecules that are discharged at the sulcus bottom and that face a relatively small biofilm surface in the gingival sulcus. In a pocket situation, the defense cells and the macromolecules are directly discharged into the periodontal pocket and the majority of epithelial cells directly face the biofilm. The thinning of the epithelium and its ulceration increase the chance for invasion of microorganisms and their products into the soft connective tissue and this aggravates the situation. Depending on the severity and duration of disease, a vicious circle may develop in the pocket environment, which is difficult or impossible to break without therapeutic intervention.
Using voltage‐sensor toxins and their molecular targets to investigate NaV1.8 gating
Authors: Gilchrist John , Bosmans Frank
Published: November 2017

Voltage‐gated sodium (NaV) channel gating is a complex phenomenon which involves a distinct contribution of four integral voltage‐sensing domains (VSDI, VSDII, VSDIII and VSDIV). Utilizing accrued pharmacological and structural insights, we build on an established chimera approach to introduce animal toxin sensitivity in each VSD of an acceptor channel by transferring in portable S3b–S4 motifs from the four VSDs of a toxin‐susceptible donor channel (NaV1.2). By doing so, we observe that in NaV1.8, a relatively unexplored channel subtype with distinctly slow gating kinetics, VSDI–III participate in channel opening whereas VSDIV can regulate opening as well as fast inactivation. These results illustrate the effectiveness of a pharmacological approach to investigate the mechanism underlying gating of a mammalian NaV channel complex.

image
Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Operation With Jet Fuel and Water Injection in a Single Cylinder Diesel CFR Engine
Authors: Cowart Jim , Bowes Kevin , Walker Michael , Hamilton Len , Luning Prak Dianne
Published: November 2017

Conventional Navy jet fuel ‘5’ (JP-5) was operated in a Waukesha single cylinder diesel Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine with intake port jet fuel injection under a range of compression ratios (CR). At the lowest CR of 12, a small range of engine loads in the lower torque or gross indicated mean effective pressure (gIMEP) range could be attained. As the engine CR was increased only a very limited range of loads were attained since heavy engine ‘knocking’ occurred. Navy jet fuel is a reactive fuel (cetane number 46), and thus could not tolerate higher CRs without premature combustion. Intake port water injection was then applied in order to cool the intake air charge and delay the jet fuel HCCI start of combustion. As a result, a range of HCCI operation (gIMEP from 1 to 5 bar) could be attained across a range of CRs. In general, with this approach, combustion phasing with port fuel and water injection advanced with increasing CR resulting in lower efficiencies at the higher CRs. Exhaust carbon monoxide (CO) was minimum in mid-HCCI operating range suggesting a trade-off of poor light load lean combustion, and the steadily diluted higher load operation with increasing water content. Companion analysis suggests that the thermal energy for water evaporation was principally provided by the engine walls. Further, the dilution effect of the water resulted in lower overall charge temperatures which further lowered the overall reactivity of jet fuel in the engine allowing reasonable HCCI operation.
Stripe order in the underdoped region of the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Authors: Zheng Bo-Xiao , Chung Chia-Min , Corboz Philippe , Ehlers Georg , Qin Ming-Pu , Noack Reinhard M. , Shi Hao , White Steven R. , Zhang Shiwei , Chan Garnet Kin-Lic
Published: November 2017

Numerics converging on stripes

The Hubbard model (HM) describes the behavior of interacting particles on a lattice where the particles can hop from one lattice site to the next. Although it appears simple, solving the HM when the interactions are repulsive, the particles are fermions, and the temperature is low—all of which applies in the case of correlated electron systems—is computationally challenging. Two groups have tackled this important problem. Huang
et al.
studied a three-band version of the HM at finite temperature, whereas Zheng
et al.
used five complementary numerical methods that kept each other in check to discern the ground state of the HM. Both groups found evidence for stripes, or one-dimensional charge and/or spin density modulations.

Science
, this issue p.
1161
, p.
1155
The target landscape of clinical kinase drugs
Authors: Klaeger Susan , Heinzlmeir Stephanie , Wilhelm Mathias , Polzer Harald , Vick Binje , Koenig Paul-Albert , Reinecke Maria , Ruprecht Benjamin , Petzoldt Svenja , Meng Chen , Zecha Jana , Reiter Katrin , Qiao Huichao , Helm Dominic , Koch Heiner , Schoof Melanie , Canevari Giulia , Casale Elena , Depaolini Stefania Re , Feuchtinger Annette , Wu Zhixiang , Schmidt Tobias , Rueckert Lars , Becker Wilhelm , Huenges Jan , Garz Anne-Kathrin , Gohlke Bjoern-Oliver , Zolg Daniel Paul , Kayser Gian , Vooder Tonu , Preissner Robert , Hahne Hannes , Tõnisson Neeme , Kramer Karl , Götze Katharina , Bassermann Florian , Schlegl Judith , Ehrlich Hans-Christian , Aiche Stephan , Walch Axel , Greif Philipp A. , Schneider Sabine , Felder Eduard Rudolf , Ruland Juergen , Médard Guillaume , Jeremias Irmela , Spiekermann Karsten , Kuster Bernhard
Published: November 2017

An atlas for drug interactions

Kinase inhibitors are an important class of drugs that block certain enzymes involved in diseases such as cancer and inflammatory disorders. There are hundreds of kinases within the human body, so knowing the kinase “target” of each drug is essential for developing successful treatment strategies. Sometimes clinical trials can fail because drugs bind more than one target. Yet sometimes off-target effects can be beneficial, and drugs can be repurposed for treatment of additional diseases. Klaeger
et al.
performed a comprehensive analysis of 243 kinase inhibitors that are either approved for use or in clinical trials. They provide an open-access resource of target summaries that could help researchers develop better drugs, understand how existing drugs work, and design more effective clinical trials.

Science
, this issue p.
eaan4368
Ocean biogeochemistry modeled with emergent trait-based genomics
Authors: Coles V. J. , Stukel M. R. , Brooks M. T. , Burd A. , Crump B. C. , Moran M. A. , Paul J. H. , Satinsky B. M. , Yager P. L. , Zielinski B. L. , Hood R. R.
Published: November 2017

Functional ocean biogeography

Marine ecosystems are well represented in metagenomic and transcriptomic data. These data are not routinely used to test ecosystem models that explore ocean biogeography or biogeochemistry. Coles
et al.
built a model in which genes for a range of functions were assigned to different suites of simulated microbes (see the Perspective by Rynearson). Communities emerged from the model with realistic biogeographical and biogeochemical profiles when compared to microbial data collected from the Amazon River plume. However, functional composition trumped the details of taxonomy, and different, coevolving community compositions emerged that provided similar biogeochemical outcomes.

Science
, this issue p.
1149
; see also p.
1129
Selective increase in CO
2
electroreduction activity at grain-boundary surface terminations
Authors: Mariano Ruperto G. , McKelvey Kim , White Henry S. , Kanan Matthew W.
Published: November 2017

Going with the grain boundaries

Bulk defects in a metal, such as grain boundaries, can create regions of increased strain at its surface that could affect its catalytic activity. Mariano
et al.
studied the electroreduction of CO
2
to CO on polycrystalline gold films, a reaction that competes with H
2
evolution. By annealing the films to create larger grains, they could change the types and distribution of grain boundaries at the surface. Scanning electrochemical cell microscopy revealed that the dislocation density correlated with CO
2
electroreduction activity, but such defects had no effect on H
2
evolution.

Science
, this issue p.
1187
Organocalcium-mediated nucleophilic alkylation of benzene
Authors: Wilson Andrew S. S. , Hill Michael S. , Mahon Mary F. , Dinoi Chiara , Maron Laurent
Published: November 2017

Calcium can breach benzene's defenses

Calcium plays a major, multifaceted role in biology and mineralogy. In organic chemistry, though, it is largely overlooked and overshadowed by the carbon compounds of its cousins lithium and magnesium. Wilson
et al.
now report that the element was just biding its time: Several organocalcium compounds that they prepared can alkylate benzene by displacing a hydride, with no need for a more conventionally reactive leaving group such as chloride (see the Perspective by Mulvey). This surprising, previously elusive reaction attests to the unusual nucleophilicity of the carbons bound to calcium.

Science
, this issue p.
1168
; see also p.
1132
Bone voyage—Osteoblasts remotely control tumors
Authors: Zhang Haiying , Lyden David
Published: November 2017

Tumor-driven systemic activation of osteoblasts in the bone promotes lung tumor growth
The persistent current and energy spectrum on a driven mesoscopic LC-circuit with Josephson junction
Authors: Pahlavani Hassan
Published: November 2017

The quantum theory for a mesoscopic electric circuit including a Josephson junction with charge discreteness is studied. By considering coupling energy of the mesoscopic capacitor in Josephson junction device, a Hamiltonian describing the dynamics of a quantum mesoscopic electric LC-circuit with charge discreteness is introduced. We first calculate the persistent current on a quantum driven ring including Josephson junction. Then we obtain the persistent current and energy spectrum of a quantum mesoscopic electrical circuit which includes capacitor, inductor, time-dependent external source and Josephson junction.
mTOR as Regulator of Lifespan, Aging, and Cellular Senescence: A Mini-Review
Authors: Weichhart Thomas
Published: November 2017

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) network is an evolutionary conserved signaling hub that senses and integrates environmental and intracellular nutrient and growth factor signals to coordinate basic cellular and organismal responses such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation depending on the individual cell and tissue. A growing list of evidence suggests that mTOR signaling influences longevity and aging. Inhibition of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) with rapamycin is currently the only known pharmacological treatment that increases lifespan in all model organisms studied. This review discusses the potential mechanisms how mTOR signaling controls lifespan and influences aging-related processes such as cellular senescence, metabolism, and stem cell function. Understanding these processes might provide novel therapeutic approaches to influence longevity and aging-related diseases.
Islam in the Echo Chamber: Ahmadiyya and Shi’a Identities in Indonesian and Malaysian Online Discourses
Authors: Schäfer Saskia
Published: November 2017

This article traces the usage of scholarly categories in online public discourses in Indonesia and Malaysia. I make two main arguments: First, digital dissemination and discussion of such categories accelerate and distort the reductions that are part of scholarly work. Second, these reductions in online debates contribute to a homogenization of positions on Islam on the level of actors as well as the level of arguments. Muslim authority on matters of creed has become more monopolized by a small group of scholars since the mid-2000s, and a broad spectrum of positions has become concentrated into a few homogenized group identities. This homogenization is driven by the increased use of new media, especially the internet. One effect of this is that more extreme positions on Islamic interpretations have become acceptable in the public spheres in Southeast Asia.
Notes on distribution and ecology of Philonthus spinipes Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) in the Polish Carpathians
Authors: MAZUR ANDRZEJ , GUO WANYUE , GÓRZ ANDRZEJ
Published: November 2017

Philonthus spinipes Sharp for the first time was described from East Asia (Sharp 1874). Presently the species occurs in the whole Palaearctic region. Original distribution of this species is difficult to define because it has obviously extended its distribution range westwards (Schillhammer 1999).
The change of depository of a collection of scale insects by Ryoichi Takahashi (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha)
Authors: WILLIAMS DOUGLAS J.
Published: November 2017

Ryoichi Takahashi (1898–1963) was a Japanese entomologist with considerable expertise on the Sternorrhyncha of the Far East and southern Asia. Most of his early articles were in Japanese, the first being published in 1916; but later he also wrote many articles in English. At first he published mainly on aphids (Aphidomorpha) and whiteflies (Aleyrodomorpha). His first article on scale insects did not appear until 1928, describing species from Formosa (Taiwan), where he worked at the Government Agricultural Research Institute. He produced a further 73 articles on scale insects (García et al. 2017). In total, he published almost 420 articles according to Ito and Sorin (1963).
Association of liver cirrhosis severity with type 2 diabetes mellitus in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Makol Ankita , Kanthaje Shruthi , Dhiman Radha K , Kalra Naveen , Chawla Yogesh K , Chakraborti Anuradha
Published: November 2017

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the association of T2DM with liver cirrhosis and therapy response in HCC patients is not clear. Hence, in this study, we have evaluated the influence of T2DM on liver cirrhosis severity of HCC and sorafenib response. HCC patients were divided in two groups: T2DM (n = 20) and non-T2DM (nT2DM; n = 50). We found significantly higher number of patients in T2DM group had decompensated liver disease with Child–Turcotte–Pugh score ≥ 7. Additionally, 71.4% patients were observed to be sorafenib sensitive in T2DM group which was significantly higher as compared to 30% in nT2DM group. This study has highlighted the predisposition of HCC patients with T2DM toward more severe liver disease who were found to be better respondents of sorafenib.

Impact statement

We have explored the association of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on liver cirrhosis severity along with response toward sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Most HCC patients exhibit prior history of liver cirrhosis that results following long span of chronic liver disease. T2DM constitutes as an important risk factor for HCC development which is known to elevate its incidence. Further, sorafenib is the FDA approved therapy for HCC whose therapeutic outcome is not investigated in HCC patients with T2DM till date. This observation-based study has unveiled a positive association between T2DM and severity of liver cirrhosis as well as sorafenib response in HCC as examined in a clinical setting.
Platelets and vascular integrity: how platelets prevent bleeding in inflammation
Authors: Ho-Tin-Noé Benoit , Boulaftali Yacine , Camerer Eric
Published: November 2017

Platelets play a central role in primary hemostasis by forming aggregates that plug holes in injured vessels. Half a century ago, detailed studies of the microvasculature by electron microscopy revealed that under inflammatory conditions that do not induce major disruption to vascular structure, individual platelets are mobilized to the vessel wall, where they interact with leukocytes and appear to seal gaps that arise between endothelial cells. Recent developments in genetic engineering and intravital microscopy have allowed further molecular and temporal characterization of these events. Surprisingly, it turns out that platelets support the recruitment of leukocytes to sites of inflammation. In parallel, however, they exercise their hemostatic function by securing the integrity of inflamed blood vessels to prevent bleeding from sites of leukocyte infiltration. It thus appears that platelets not only serve in concert as building blocks of the hemostatic plug but also act individually as gatekeepers of the vascular wall to help preserve vascular integrity while coordinating host defense. Variants of this recently appreciated hemostatic function of platelets that we refer to as “inflammation-associated hemostasis” are engaged in different contexts in which the endothelium is challenged or dysfunctional. Although the distinguishing characteristics of these variants and the underlying mechanisms of inflammation-associated hemostasis remain to be fully elucidated, they can differ notably from those supporting thrombosis, thus presenting therapeutic opportunities.
Avaliação carencial de ferro em adolescentes de Vitória da Conquista - BA
Authors: Brito Lilian Freitas de , Teles Mauro Fernandes , Araujo Filipe Ferraz de , Duarte Stenio Fernando Pimentel
Published: November 2017

A carência de ferro é uma alteração nutricional muito comum no mundo e compõe a maior causa de anemia relacionada às condições onde há falha na alimentação, perda crônica de sangue ou no tempo em que decorre um crescimento rápido, como na adolescência. Esta carência ocasiona prejuízos no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor, no apetite, na capacidade de aprendizagem, na evolução e na resposta do sistema imunológico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com delineamento epidemiológico transversal, de caráter retrospectivo e descritivo e abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi realizada no primeiro semestre de 2017 no município de Vitória da Conquista, localizado na região sudoeste da Bahia, com o objetivo de estudar e avaliar a deficiência de ferro associada a anemia em adolescentes. Concluindo assim que a deficiência do ferro ocorreu em ambos os sexos devido as perdas que foram observadas com relevância nos períodos de desenvolvimento dos adolescentes.
The estimation of competitive positions of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs on pharmaceutical market of Ukraine
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Kostiuk V. H.
Published: November 2017

The aim of our analysis is the estimation of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) competitiveness level, calculation of capacity, share and saturation of studied segment of market that allow to improve the competitive strategies of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: According to the results of content-analysis of foreign and native economic literature, we elaborated the methodology of estimation of NSAID competitive positions that consists of six main stages. The offered model of estimation of competitiveness of the studied group of medicines is based on the construction of competition map of medicines on the example of non-selective NSAID as the largest group by the number of presented trade names (TN) using the calculation of market share of medicines for 2015-2016 and dynamics of its growth.

RESULTS: The results of NSAID TN distribution in groups according to the market share volume testify that only 8 TN of medicines among 74 are the leaders of market and 10 TN are characterized with strong competitive position. At the same time 51 NSAID TN are outsiders and 5 TN have weak competitive position.

The results of NSAID TN distribution in groups according to the change of their competitive position allow state that 16 TN among 74 have fast worsening competitive position, 43 TN belong to the group with worsening competitive position and only 5 TN has competitive position, characterized by fast improvement.

CONCLUSION: The analysis of position, occupied by NSAID TN in matrix, demonstrated that 8 TM of medicines are the leaders of the market. At the same time 51 medicines TN are outsiders. The results of research demonstrated that 59 NSAID TN are characterized with worsening and fast worsening competitive positions.
Weekly changes in prey availability for and the selective feeding of sea trout (Salmo trutta L.) larvae stocked in small forest streams
Authors: Domagała Józef , Czerniawski Robert , Krepski Tomasz
Published: November 2017

This study examined the availability of food and its selection by sea trout Salmo trutta L. fry in the first four weeks of life after yolk sac resorption. The food base and stomach contents of sea trout fry after release in the wild were determined. The study was performed in two small forest streams from April 25 to May 23, 2014. Macro-zoobenthos that comprised the food base for the fry were collected from the streams weekly using a bottom scraper. On the same day, the fry were captured with electrofishing gear. Analysis of the width of the benthic organisms in the food base and in the fish stomachs indicated the prey size range that the fish were feeding on. Further, the study showed that all food items found in both streams during the study weeks were also represented in the intensity of the fish: Cyclopoida, the larvae of Baetidae, Simuliidae and Nemouridae.
Kontinuität der Krise, Krise der Kontinuität? – Zur Geschichte wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken im Nationalsozialismus
Authors: Enderle Wilfried
Published: November 2017

Die Forschung zur Geschichte wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland ist in den letzten Jahren durch zahlreiche Studien zu einzelnen Bibliotheken und Bibliothekaren sowie insbesondere auch durch die Konjunktur der NS-Provenienzforschung weiter vorangetrieben worden. Der Aufsatz greift diese Forschungen sowie neuere Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftsgeschichte auf, um den Blick auf einige zentrale zeitgenössische bibliothekspolitische Entwicklungen zu lenken. Dabei wird deutlich, wie sehr die durch den Ersten Weltkrieg und die Wirtschaftskrisen der Weimarer Republik ausgelösten krisenhaften Momente die Bibliotheken und das bibliothekspolitische Handeln der führenden Bibliothekare durchgängig prägten und ein spezifisches Interpretament für die Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus bildete, das sie von der Geschichte anderer Institutionen und Fächer im damaligen Wissenschaftsbetrieb unterschied.
Alteration of Adsorption Selectivity of LSX Zeolite in Li+ and H+ forms towards CO2 and N2O
Authors: Leonova A.A. , Mel’gunov M.S.
Published: November 2017

The adsorption and textural properties of LSX zeolite after cation exchange both in LiCl and NH
Design and Optimization of Rectangular Waveguide Filter based on Direct Coupled Resonators
Authors: Damou Mehdi , Nouri Keltouma , Feham Mohammed , Chetioui Mohammed
Published: November 2017

The waveguide filter structure is treated by two softwares (HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology)). Numerical example is given in this article to demonstrate, step by step, the application of the approach to the design of resonator, direct coupled waveguide and microstrip filters based on electromagnetic (EM) simulations. For this design procedure, the filter structure is simulated by successively adding one resonator at a time. To continue the work illustrates how to design a fourth order coupled resonator based rectangular waveguide circuit in the traditional way. With a large number of variables, such tuning work consumes a lot of time and the convergence of the final result is not guaranteed. A fourth order X-band bandpass filter with a center frequency of 11 GHz and a fractional bandwidth FBW = 0,0273 is designed using this procedure and presented here as an example. The simulated results by CST are presented and compared withthe results simulated by a high-frequency structure simulator. Good agreement between the simulated HFSSand simulated results by CST is observed.
Distribution and Host Record of Bruchophagus Robiniae (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) in Turkey
Authors: Zerova M. D. , Fursov V. N. , Klymenko S. I.
Published: November 2017

For the first time the phytophagous chalcid wasp B. robiniae was reared from host seeds of Robinia viscosa Ventenat, in the environs of Ankara, Turkey. New data on biology and distribution are given.
Korruption, Ämterkauf und Patronage in Florenz. Informelle Politik im italienischen Stadtstaat und der Toskana
Authors: Steinwender Clemens Leopold
Published: November 2017

Corruption, purchase of administrative office and patronage in Florence. Informal politics in the italian city state and Tuscany   This proseminar – paper deals with the corruption and Patronage in late medieval and modern age Florence. The reign of the Medici is especially looked at with prominent figures such as Lorenzo de Medici or Cosimo de Medici. The necessary institutions for this to happen are adressed as well as the forms these practices had. The ties with the pope and the church are also a part of the paper. As will be shown, the leaders of Florence often had to tolerate forms of corruption due to the nature of this italian city state.
Heinrich von Rottenburg in seinem geographischen Umfeld
Authors: Anderlan Anna
Published: November 2017

Abstract The geographical environment of Heinrich of Rottenburg The following seminar paper analyses the mobility of the aristocrat Heinrich of Rottenburg, who lived in the turn of the 14th to the 15th century. He was one of the most powerful and wealthiest Tyroleans and was continually travelling around by command of duke Friedrich IV. This paper tries to illustrate Heinrich of Rottenburg's travel accounts and under which conditions they took place. For this purpose, it is also necessary to take his life into consideration. The main findings of this thesis rely on the original account book of Heinrich of Rottenburg.
The Pashtuns, the Taliban, and America’s Longest War
Authors: Shah Kriti M.
Published: November 2017

As the United States’ war in Afghanistan enters its 16th year, the Taliban insurgency shows no signs of waning; therefore it is worth deliberating aspects of the movement that have been ignored or forgotten by the West. Pashtuns, many of whom are loyal Taliban members, are an integral part of the instability that has wracked Afghanistan for generations. This paper seeks to understand the Pashtuns in Afghanistan and Pakistan, exploring their role in any resolution to the war.
Analisis de restos oseos humanos: demografia, calidad de vida y caracteristicas fisicas de los pobladores de la region de cuenca de la Laguna Merin (R.O.U)
Authors: Sanz Mónica
Published: November 2017

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La protección penal del medio ambiente. Análisis del art. 338 del Código Penal colombiano sobre minería ilegal
Authors: Sánchez Zapata Sebastián Felipe
Published: November 2017

El estudio de la criminalidad medio-ambiental comprende todo un elenco de problemas jurídico-penales de muy difícil solución. Basta acudir a las dificultades que sobresalen al momento de definir el bien jurídico protegido, el desvalor de acción y resultado, las leyes penales en blanco, la relación de causalidad, etc. Un acercamiento, aunque sea superficial, a las dificultades ínsitas de estas categorías revela el uso que se está dando, en nuestro contexto, a la retórica apuesta del legislador por proteger concretos objetos materiales como los yacimientos mineros, las aguas y el material de arrastre. El texto, desde una perspectiva penal, expone la realidad de la  minería ilegal en Colombia y las formas institucionales de reacción contra ella.
Incorporating the Tuning Approach in Higher Education curricular reforms and course design in Tanzania for enhancing graduates’ competencies: stakeholders’ views
Authors: Ishengoma Johnson Muchunguzi
Published: November 2017

Available documentary and researchevidencesreveal that the majority of Tanzania universities’ graduates (public and private universities) lack competencies or technical skills (employability skills) required for the job market and by potential employers, despite massive curricular reforms implemented in the public higher education sector since the early 1990s. Lack of employability skills which consequently leads to graduate unemployment or un-employability is attributable to the fact that curricular reforms and design in Tanzania public universities undertaken by lecturers and professors do not incorporate basic Tuning principles of competence-based teaching and learning which puts emphasis on competencies and skills by identifying generic and specific competencies during course design or curriculum reform. This study using the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM)’s School of Education sought to: (1) explore faculty and students’ views on the application of the Tuning approach in curricular reforms and degree/course design as a mitigation of university graduates’ unemployment and un-employability, (2) solicit stakeholders’(academic staff and students) perceptions of Tuning approach and its relevance in higher education curriculum reforms and design to make higher education more competence-based, and (3) find out students perceived causes of graduate unemployment and un-employability and whether the application of Tuning approach in curriculum reforms and design in universities can be a solution to graduate unemployment. Findings from the study reveal that both faculty and students concur that application of Tuning approach in higher education reforms and curricular design could enhance graduates competences and skills and reduce graduate unemployment.Published online: 30 November 2017
Augusto en las primeras historias de España y en los programas iconográficos del Renacimiento
Authors: Mora Gloria
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Es frecuente en las historias de España la alusión a ciertos personajes de la historia de Roma destacando el papel fundamental que desempeñaron en la historia antigua de España y de la misma Roma, como César, fundador de ciudades, o Trajano y los llamados “emperadores españoles”. El propósito de este trabajo es rastrear el tratamiento que recibió Augusto en la historiografía española de época medieval y del Renacimiento desde las crónicas de Lucas de Tuy, Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada y las Estorias de Alfonso X el Sabio hasta los relatos de los cronistas reales Elio Antonio de Nebrija, Florián de Ocampo y Ambrosio de Morales. Se estudiará también la presencia de Augusto en las colecciones y los programas iconográficos de la monarquía.Palabras clave: Augusto, Historiografía española, Programas iconográficos del Renacimiento, Coleccionismo de antigüedades.Abstract: It is common in Spanish historiography to allude to certain characters in the history of Rome by highlighting their crucial role in the ancient history of Spain and in Rome itself, e.g., Caesar, founder of cities, or Trajan and the so-called “Spanish emperors”. The purpose of this paper is to follow the treatment received by Augustus in the Spanish historiography of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance using the chronicles of Lucas de Tuy, Rodrigo Ximénez de Rada, the Estorias of Alfonso X the Wise, and the stories of the royal chroniclers Elio Antonio de Nebrija, Florián de Ocampo and Ambrosio de Morales. The presence of Augustus in collections and iconographic programmes of the monarchy is also studied.Key words: Augustus, Spanish Historiography, Iconographic programs of the Renaissance, Collection of antiquities.
Augusto en la historiografía del XIX en España
Authors: Romero Recio Mirella
Published: November 2017

Resumen: La figura de Augusto no tuvo gran atractivo para los historiadores españoles del siglo XIX. Más interesados en destacar la labor de los emperadores de origen hispano, las Historias de España no dedicaron demasiada atención a la labor de quien cerró las conquistas militares romanas en la Península Ibérica. Las contradicciones fueron constantes en una historiografía que abordó la etapa augústea casi siempre de manera colateral y que no profundizó de manera exhaustiva en el conocimiento de este periodo histórico. Sin embargo, como muestra este artículo, Augusto no pasó desapercibido en la historiografía española decimonónica.Palabras clave: Emperador Augusto, Historiografía española, Historia de Roma, siglo XIX.Abstract: The figure of Augustus did little to attract the attention of 19th century Spanish historians. They were more interested in highlighting the work of emperors of Hispanic descent, thus the Histories of Spain dedicated little space to the Roman military leader who conquered the Iberian Peninsula. There are constant contradictions in the historiography, which approached the Augustan period almost exclusively side on, never plunging into the knowledge with exhaustive depth. However, as this article shows, Augustus did not go completely unnoticed in the 19th century Spanish historiography.Key words: Emperor Augustus, Spanish historiography, history of Rome, 19th century.
THE EFFECT OF ALPHA LIPOIC ACID ON BLASTOCYST EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT IN VIVO IN MICE (Mus musculus) EXPOSED CIGARETTE SMOKE
Authors: Said Syahruddin , Prianto Adi Setyawan , Pramadipta Senri Utama
Published: November 2017

This study was conducted to find out effect of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) on the development of in vivo blastocyst embryo in mice (Mus musculus) exposed in cigarettes smoke. This study used 30 mice divided into 6 treatment groups factorial 2x3. Factor A is treatment of ALA (0; 16.5 μM; 49.5 μM) per orally. Factor B is the treatment of cigarette smoke (with and without cigarette smoke). Giving cigarette smoke was done by covering the cage with plastic having two holes for cigarette smoke and airflow. The data obtained were analyzed using a complete randomized design (RAL) 2x3, followed by parametric Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-Test, and Post Hoc Duncan test. The development of embryo of mice reaching blastocyst stage at ALA with dose 16,5 μM (16.00±7.12) were significantly higher (p<0.05) than negative control (13.50±1.73), but no significant effect with ALA dose 49.5 μM (19.25±4.03). The development of mice blastocyst embryos exposed to cigarette smoke (7.25±2.99) were significantly lower (p<0.05) compared with negative control. When the mice exposed to cigarette smoke were given ALA, the development of the blastocyst embryo returned to normal as in control, where the doses of 16.5 μM and 49.5 μM were not significantly different. It can be concluded that (1) ALA dose 16.5 μM and 49.5 μM have positive effect on blastocyst development in vivo, (2) cigarette smoke have negative effect on blastocyst development, (3) ALA 16.5 μM and 49.5 μM per orally capable counteract the oxidative stress caused by exposure to cigarette smoke.
Sensitizing Capacities and Cross-Reactivity Patterns of Some Diisocyanates and Amines Using the Guinea-Pig Maximization Test. Can p-phenylenediamine be Used as a Marker for Diisocyanate Contact Allergy?
Authors: Hamada Haneen , Zimerson Erik , Bruze Magnus , Isaksson Marléne , Engfeldt Malin
Published: November 2017

Background:

Isocyanates are mainly considered respiratory allergens but can also cause contact allergy. Diphenylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-MDA) has been considered a marker for diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) contact allergy. Furthermore, overrepresentation of positive patch-test reactions top-phenylenediamine (PPD) in 4,4′-MDA positive patients have been reported.

Objectives:

To investigate the sensitizing capacities of toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) and PPD and the cross-reactivity of 4,4′-MDA, 2,4-TDI, dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-DMDA), dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (4,4′-DMDI), 4,4′-MDI and PPD.

Methods:

The Guinea Pig Maximization Test (GPMT) was used.

Results:

PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to PPD showed cross-reactivity to 4,4′-MDA (p<0.001). Animals sensitized to 4,4′-MDA did not show cross-reactivity to PPD. 8 animals sensitized to 2,4-TDI were sacrificed due to toxic reactions at the induction site and could thus not be fully evaluated.

Conclusion:

PPD was shown to be a strong sensitizer. However, it cannot be used as a marker for isocyanate contact allergy. On the other hand, positive reactions to 4,4′-MDA could indicate a PPD allergy. The intradermal induction concentration of 2,4-TDI (0.70% w/v) can induce strong local toxic reactions in guinea-pigs and should be lowered.
Importance of Samsarjana Krama
Authors: Raghavani Hemang U. , Kalsariya Bharat , Satani Kishor G. , Bhatt Kunjal H.
Published: November 2017

Panchakarma are unique procedures, with help of these procedures one can cure patient as well as help individual to maintain his health. So for proper manifestation of these Karma one should follow all the instruction mention by Acharya. Paschata Karma of Panchakarma is as important as Pradhana Karma because if Paschata Karma, particular Samsarjana Krama, is not done properly patient cannot recover his health properly and his Agni gets disturbed. Here Krutanna Kalpna like Peya, Vilepi, Yusha, Mamsa Rasa etc. play important role to restore patient health and increase the Agni. Here an attempt has been made to explain the importance of Samsarjana Krama.
A review on efficacy of Kayaseka in Pakshaghata
Authors: Marpallikar Jayant , Rao Niranjan , U. Shreekanth , A. Pooja B.
Published: November 2017

Man has always feared two things death and disease. Stroke is a disease which appears suddenly with strong pathophysiology. It is responsible for more dependency than any other disease since it hampers the functional ability of person sometimes it may even lead to death. As birds need both wings to maintain posture, co-ordination of movements, execution of different movements similarly humans need both halves. If a bird loses its one wing it is unable to fly and even live due to depraved morbidity. In the same way when person suffers from stroke he is a like bird with clipped wings. Pakshaghata is a Vatavyadhi. Acharyas have established it under Astamahagada. In all types of Vatavyadhi, Snehana and Swedana are mentioned as a line of treatment. Acharya Charaka advocates the use of Ushnaveerya Parisheka in the mitigation of Vata Dosha. Induction of Swedana by unique procedure of pouring liquid by warm medicated oil on body is known as Parisheka Sweda. When it is performed on whole body along with the Abhyanga, is known as Kayaseka.
Youth policy in forming participatory culture
Authors: Прибытков Юрий , Pribytkov Yuriy
Published: November 2017

Youth policy and the youth in Russian politics are the central theme of the article. The author identifies contemporary issues and promising areas for developing youth policy and youth participation in policy-making within participatory culture development. By the example of “NIU “MPEI” (“National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”) branch in Volzhsky, Volgograd region, it is proposed to establish a public organization in the form of social movement in the development of university and society communication networks. The aim of the study is to work out modalities of integrating young people harmoniously into social and political practices as well as its development of participatory culture in Russia based on the analysis of political practices against youth and scientific literature. Systems approach, analysis and participant observation are the basis of the conducted research. Results of the research can be considered the fact that a harmonious approach to the integration of young people into social and political practices and the development of its participatory culture are adopted. Research materials are designed to improve government and municipal performance management in the area of youth policy, political parties and public organizations. Materials would also be useful to scientists and experts involved in youth issues and its socialization.
Compressible flow through solar chimneys with variable cross section - an exact solution
Authors: Djordjevic Vladan , Cocic Aleksandar
Published: November 2017

Buoyancy driven, adiabatic and compressible flow in relatively high solar chimneys is treated in the paper analytically by using one-dimensional model of flow. General equations written suitably in a non-dimensional form are used for a qualitative discussion pertaining to the mutual effects of gravity, viscosity and varying cross section of the chimney. It is shown that in case of low Mach number flow these equations possess exact solutions obtainable by ordinary mathematical methods for any given chimney shape. Also shown, and demonstrated on an example, is the procedure of evaluation of the chimney shape that satisfies a condition imposed beforehand upon the flow. For better insight into the role of various parameters the solutions are presented in the form of power series expansions.