bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Type of Conjugate Gradient Technique for Solving Fuzzy Nonlinear Algebraic Equations
Authors: Khudhur Hisham M. , Abbo Khalil K.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we suggest a new method for the numerical solution of fuzzy nonlinear equations in parametric form using a new Conjugate Gradient Technique. Table of the numerical solution is given to show the efficiency of the proposed method and which is compared with classical algorithms such as (Fletcher and Reeves (FR), Polak and Ribiere (PRP), and Fletcher (CD)) techniques.
A Geometric Construction of Surface Complete (k, r)-cap in PG (3, 7)
Authors: Abdulla Ali Ahmed A. , Yahya Nada Yassen Kasm
Published: May 2021

The aim of this paper is to a geometric construction of Surface Complete (k, r)-cap in PG(3,7). We found that the maximum complete (k, 2)-cap which is called an ovaloid, exists in PG (3, 7) when k = 23. Moreover the complete (k, 3)-caps, (k, 4)-caps and (k, 5)-caps,(k,6)-caps, (k,7)-caps, (k,8)-caps, and we obtain a new example for theorem(2.8 ).
QⱤ and JCPI–Ɽings
Authors: Mahmood Raida D. , Mohammed Roua S.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we continue studies of several other authors, on QⱤ (quasi-regular) and JCPI (JCP-injective) rings. In particular, we investigate some characterizations of several basic properties of QⱤ and JCPI rings. Also, we prove that, if Ɽ is a semisimple and quasi duo, then Ɽ is strongly regular if and only if every simple singular right Ɽ-modules are JCPI.
Two Embedded Pairs for Solve Directly Third-Order Ordinary Differential Equation by Using Runge-Kutta Type Method (RKTGD)
Authors: Fawzi Firas A. , Abdullah Zeyad M. , Hussein Nazar K.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, two pairs of embedded Runge-Kutta (RK) type techniques for straightforwardly tackling third-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of the formv″′ = f(x, v, v′) signified as RKTGD strategies were proposed and explored. Relying on the order conditions, the primary pair with mathematical order 4 and 3 was called RKTGD4(3), while different has order 5 and 4, and was named RKTGD5(4). The new strategies were determined so that the higher-order techniques were exact and the lower order techniques would bring about the best error estimates. At that point, variables step-size codes were created to support the methods and utilized in solving a lot of third-order problems. Comparisons were made between mathematical results and existing embedded RK pairs within the scientific literature, that require the problems to be reduced into a system of first-order ODEs, and the effectiveness of the new RKTGD pairs have appeared.
Estimation the Shape Parameter for Power Function Distribution
Authors: Hamad Alaa M. , Selman Bareq B.
Published: May 2021

In the paper estimate of the shape parameter for power function distribution was proposed. For different sample sizes (small, medium, and large). Using different methods, Maximum likelihood method, Moment method, Shrinkage methods, and Least square method. mean square error (MSE) was implemented as an indicator of performance and comparisons of performance have been carried out through data analysis and computer simulation between the estimation methods according to the applied indicator. It was observed from the results that the shrinkage method (constant weight factor (sh2
)) estimates for the shape parameter are the best in performance for each case.
Parameters estimation of new mixed Weibull Rayleigh and Exponential distribution
Authors: Hussain Jassim N. , Shareef Ashraf Mohammed
Published: May 2021

A new idea of mixing was introduced in this paper. Mixing parameters; pi
where 0 ≤ pi
≤ 1 and

∑

i
=
1

n

p
i

=
1

are used to find a new distribution from mixing some distributions. Therefore, we can get many mixed distributions with several parameters. Three distributions Weibull, Rayleigh, and Exponential are mixed to get a new distribution which is more flexible than these distributions. The mixed distribution with a new parameter is representing the ratio of contribution of each of these distributions which are mixed. Several values of the mixing parameter were taken, and the properties of the mixed distribution were found. Two methods (MLE and OLS) of estimation are used to estimate the parameters of the new distribution. Simulation studies are used to prove the properties of new distribution and to apply the estimation method to estimate the parameters of new distribution.
g-Closed Soft Sets in Soft Closure Spaces
Authors: Majeed R N , Ekram S T
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present work is to define a new class of closed soft sets in soft closure spaces, namely, generalized closed soft sets (gc-soft sets, for short) which are defined over an initial universe set with a fixed set of parameters. This new class is a generalization to the class of closed soft sets. A necessary condition for a gc-soft set to be a soft closed is also obtainable. Moreover, the union and intersection of two gc-soft sets are discussed. Besides, some properties of gc-soft sets in the product soft closure spaces are also studied. Also, as an application of gc-soft sets a new soft separation axiom, namely

T

1
2

-soft closure space is introduced and its basic properties are investigated.
New Methods of Computing the Conjugate of Young Diagram
Authors: Basher Fatmah Ahmed , Mahmood Ammar Seddiq
Published: May 2021

Since the appearance of Young’s diagram, it has played a fundamental and pivotal role in many fields of mathematics, perhaps the most prominent of which is algebra, graph theory, number theory…etc, and many closely related relationships, perhaps among them The most prominent is called conjugation. Many people try to find a mathematical method to find the value of the hash value in its conjugated form. Here, we will propose two new methods for the same purpose.
On fuzzy soft normal operators
Authors: Dawood Salim , Jabur Ali Qassim
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we study and discuss a new type of normal operator which is fuzzy soft normal operator and given some properties with the characterization of this operator. Also, theorems related on fuzzy soft normal operator have been given. In addition, we introduce the relation between this operator and other types.
A Computational Procedure Using Robust Ranking Method to Formulate and Solve Fuzzy DEA Models
Authors: Lafta Mohammed Hadi , Sulaiman Ali A. , Al-Salih Rasheed
Published: May 2021

In some real-world applications, performance assessment often has to be considered under uncertainty with fuzzy input and output. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a new and effective approach to measuring the relative efficiency of decision-making units concerned with performance evaluation. Recently, DEA has studied with fuzzy input and output. In this paper, we present a computational procedure using a robust ranking method to formulate and solve fuzzy DEA models. Based on this approach, we convert the fuzzy DEA input and output from fuzzy form to crisp. Also, a case study has been presented as in [6] to assess the performance of eight manufacturing enterprises with fuzzy data.
The Direct and Converse Theorems for Best Approximation of Algebraic Polynomial in Lp, α
(X)
Authors: Auad Alaa Adnan , Fayyadh Mohammed Hamad
Published: May 2021

The direct and inverse algebraic polynomials approximation theorems in weighted spaces of unbounded functions are proved by using modulus of smoothness. Also, we obtain sharp Jackson ( direct ) inequality of algebraic approximation of unbounded functions in terms modulus of smoothness. In addition, constructive characterization of modulus of smoothness are considered.
Sequential unconstrained approach for solving index one constrained differential-algebraic optimal control problems
Authors: Zaboon Radhi A. , Abd Ghazwa F. , Dawood Shimaa M.
Published: May 2021

A constrained index-one differential algebraic optimal control problem is presented. The algebraic constraint is assumed to have an index one property. With the help of implicit function theorem, the reduced constrained optimal control problem in the state-space is then obtained. The main goal of this work is to solve the present problem by using an unconstrained sequential minimization approach. The necessary mathematical requirements, conditions and proofs are developed. Based on the obtained results, computational algorithm to solve this problem approximately is developed. Numerical illustrations of constrained differential algebraic optimal control problems are implemented. Due to the numerical results and their comparisons, an efficient approximate method is obtained.
Pseudo-Von Neumann Regular Graph of Commutative Ring
Authors: Arif Nabeel E. , Hasani Roslan , Khalel Nermen J.
Published: May 2021

Let R be a commutative ring. The Von.-Neuman regular (Shortly Vn. Neum. reg.) graph of

R
_

is a graph which its vertices are all items of R s. t. thither is an edge between vertices a, b if a+b is a Vn.-Neum. reg. item of R. Here a new definition of the Vn. Neum. reg. graph of R called pseudo–Vn.–Neum. reg. graph of R denoted by P-VG(R) is a graph with all items of R represents a vertex, and two different vertices a, b ∈ R are adjacent iff a = a2b or b = b2a. In this work, the main features of P-VG(R) are studied and some outstanding results. Also, we n—3 prove if P-VG(R), R= Zn and n ≥ 3, n is a prime then it is graph has

n
−
3

2

of cycle C3. Finally, we show that If R=Zp, where p is a prime number then the PG(R) ⊂ P-VG(R).
Using BAB to find Optimal Solution for Multi-Objective Function with Setup Time
Authors: Cheachen Hanan Ali , Joad Ghufran Khalil
Published: May 2021

In this paper we studied, the problem of scheduling jobs on a single machine to minimize the multiple objective function and family setup time. This objective function is (total discount completion time and maximum tardiness respectively) which formulated as

1
/

s
f

/

∑

j
=
1

n

∑

f
=
1

F

(
1
−

e

−
r

c

j
f

)
+

T

max

. for solving this problem, we derived a lower bound to be used in a branch and bound algorithm. We also proposed heuristic method in order to get an upper bound (near optimal solution). the proposed is number of dominance rules are considered to reduce the number of branches in the search tree. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to obtain one of the upper bounds is used. The computational results are calculated by coding (programing) the algorithms using (MATLAP) and the final results up to (17) product (jobs) in a reasonable time are introduced by tables and added at the end of the research.
Reliability of one Strength-four Stresses for Lomax Distribution
Authors: Khaleel Ahmed H.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we find the reliability R of a component when it is exposed to four independent stresses and it having one strength for Lomax distribution. the reliability R was estimated by using four different estimations (MLE, RgE, LSE, and WLSE) methods. A comparison was made between the results of estimating the reliability function by MSE and MAPE criteria, that will get from a Monte Carlo simulation study. We found that the performance of ML is the best to.
A Statistical Study on the Parameters of the Skew Normal Distribution Depending on the Use of the Genetic Algorithm Using the Simulation Method
Authors: Alkhafaji Murtadha Alaa , Saleh Rabab Abdulrida
Published: May 2021

Recent statistical research has witnessed activity on the study of skew normal distribution (SND) due to the fact that the data set does not fit well with the normal distribution due to Skewnessand excessive Kurtosis. For the purpose of estimating the parameters of the model (SND), the maximum likelihood method (ML) was used, but the probability equations of this method do not have clear solutions in the distribution (SND), and the problem was solved using the genetic algorithm (GA) and Other repetitive techniques are Newton Raphson, Nelder Mead and Iteratively Reweighting Algorithm, using the simulation method with different sample sizes and comparing the preference of results methods used based on criteria (Mean, Mse and Def). It has been concluded that (ML) capabilities using the (GA) of parameters (SND) are best in the case of a small or medium sample size and the best (IR) algorithm at a large sample size.
Simultaneous Approximation by Modification of Classical Szãsz Operators with Parameter s
Authors: Mohammed Ali J. , Abdul-Qader T.A. , Abdul-Hammed S. A.
Published: May 2021

This paper is approving the simultaneous approximation order by a modification family of the classical sequence of Szãsz operators. This modification depends on a real parameter s > −1/2. First, we show that this family (or its derivatives) converges to the function (or the corresponding derivatives) being approximated. Next, a Voronovski-type asymptotic formula for this family is given. The order of this approximation is improved from the order O(n
−1) (the order of the classical sequence) to the order O(n
−(2s+1)) whenever s > 0. Finally, the study supports by some numerical examples and discusses the results obtained.
Approximate Solution of 2-Dimensional VO Linear Fractional Partial Differential Equation
Authors: Hasan Nabaa N. , Salim Omar H.
Published: May 2021

The non-polynomial spline method has been used to solving 2-dimensional variable-order(VO) fractional partial differential equations (FPDE). For VO fractional derivative, described in the sense of the Caputo. The main objective of this study and advantage of the proposed method is to investigate a public approximation for the frequency of the trigonometric functions of the non-polynomial part of the spline function. The powerful algorithm of the proposed method gives high accuracy results.
Interval value fuzzy hyper AT-algebras
Authors: Ali Saba Hussein , Kareem Fatema F. , Tawfeeq Areej
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to a connection between two concepts which are an interval value fuzzy set and a hyper AT-algebra. Also, some properties of these concepts are found. The notions of IVF hyper AT-subalgebras, IVF hyper ideals and IVF hyper AT-ideals are defined. Then IVF (weak, strong) hyper ideals and IVF (weak, strong) hyper AT-ideals are discussed. After that, some relations among these ideals are presented and some interesting theorems are proved.
Neural network for minimizing tricriteria objective function for machine scheduling problem
Authors: Ali Faez Hassan , Chachan Hanan Ali , Abdulkareem Sharmeen Bakr
Published: May 2021

In this paper, neural networks (NN) are implemented to manipulate a problem of machine scheduling for a single machine to minimize multicriteria objective function: maximum tardiness, maximum late work and total late work simultaneously (Tmax, Vmax, ΣVj). Also the results of applying NN are compared with some exact methods, some heuristic methods and local search methods [7,14]. The used NN is learned by pack propagation algorithm for n = 3: 500 jobs. NN technique was be found to be effective and used to select the best efficient and optimal schedule which minimizes the objective function.
New Procedure for Selecting Raise Vector in Raising Regression
Authors: Jabbar Rifaat Saad Abdul , Niaf Mustafa Ismaeel
Published: May 2021

One of the most important things in raise regression is selecting the raise factor λ. A new procedure for selecting the raised vector have been prepared with new technique for choosing the raising factor λ. Three different criterion have been used to study of this procedure, namely, scalar mean square error (MSE), determination coefficients R2, and the variance inflation factor (VIF). Also, some examples have been given to illustrate our finding. Where the best MSE, acceptable R2, VIF and reduce simultaneously the multicollinearity among vectors are the main results of this procedure by giving better estimate for raise factor λ which may apply in different fields that suffered from the problem of multicollinearity.
Restrained Whole Domination in Graphs
Authors: Ibrahim T A , Omran A A
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we introduce a new definition of domination number in graphs called restrained whole domination number and denoted byɣrwh(G). Some bounds and results for restrained whole domination number are established. Moreover, this number is computed to the complement of certain graphs. Finally, the Effective the deletion or addition an edge or the deletion of a vertex of the graph has this number is discussed.
A 4D hyperchaotic Sprott S system with multistability and hidden attractors
Authors: Al-hayali Maryam A. , Al-Azzawi Fawzi Saad
Published: May 2021

This paper derived a new simple hyperchaotic system from the famous Sprott, S system via the linear state feedback control. Compared with the available systems, the new system has eight terms, one constant, two parameters control, and a single quadratic nonlinear term. So this system is considered a simple relying on the number of terms and nonlinearities. The proposed system without equilibrium points and exhibits chaotic hidden attractors. Also, multistability or coexisting attractors are found through experimental simulations using phase portraits and the Lyapunov spectrum. Finally, anti-synchronization is implemented in the new system.
Resolution of Weyl Module in the case of skew partitions (9,7)/(s,0), when s = 1,2
Authors: Hassan Haytham Razooki , Nazem Rania , Rahman Rania Abdul Nazem
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is, to study the resolution of a two-row weyl module in the case of skew partitions(9,7)/(s,0), when s=1,2, by using the technique of letter place algebra, place map(polarization) and contraction homotopy. The skew partitions case is one of the uncles of this study.
New restricted biased estimator based on modified unbiased ridge regression estimator
Authors: Mohammad Bader Aboud , Naif Mustafa Ismaeel
Published: May 2021

More researchers used biased estimators instead of the restricted least square estimator (RLS) that is unbiased to improve the efficiency of the estimator. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed new biased estimator, called restricted modified unbiased ridge regression (RMUR) based on modified unbiased ridge regression (MURR) that suggested by Batah and Gory (2009). By some theorems and a simulation study, we show that, this new estimator has desirable properties as the MUR and it is better than the RLS. A numerical example from literature is used to illustrate the results.
Truncated Exponential Topp Leone Exponential Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Al-Noor Nadia Hashim , Hilal Omar Ali
Published: May 2021

A new flexible compound distribution with three parameters named Truncated Exponential Topp Leone Exponential (TETLE) is introduced as a sub-model of a new generator family named Truncated Exponential Topp Leone-G. Several keys of its statistical properties, order statistics, entropies, reliability analysis, and reliability stress strength model are presented. The maximum likelihood estimation method is implemented to estimate the unknown parameters. Moreover, to assess the flexibility and usefulness, the TETLE distribution applied upon simulation and two real-life data set. The consistent and flexible performance of the maximum likelihood estimates is clearly appeared by the simulation results and the results of the real application clearly shown that the proposed distribution has superior output relative to other considered distributions for all information criteria.
Choosing the best eestimated regression equation for data subject to geometric distribution (Student data as a case study)
Authors: Al-Quraishi Osanma Abdulazeez kadhim
Published: May 2021

The geometric distribution is one of the discrete statistical distributions that is important, especially in the of population statistics, such as studying population growth and death and birth rates, The discrepancy in the quality of the estimated regression models and the inability to use some models of them because they do not possess the characteristics of good estimates, lead to a lack of confidence in their predictive or estimated accuracy, which necessitated the study of the geometric distribution to which the data are subject and the estimation of the distribution regression equation using some of the parameter estimation methods (kernel regression method, Liu method) for data represented by preparing secondary students in the holy Karbala governorate with 50 views, and after the comparison between the results of estimating the two methods using the Standards Comparison (AIC, BIC, MSE) and determining the optimal way to estimate the geometric distribution equation The kernel regression is the best because it has the smallest values of the Standards Comparison and was used for the purpose of predicting the preparation of secondary students for the time period (2021-2030).
The KR-Elliptic Curve Public Key Cryptosystem
Authors: Aljamaly Karrar Taher R. , Ajeena Ruma Kareem K.
Published: May 2021

The connection between some fundamental mathematical problems in number theory with cryptography has been done in this work. A new version of the elliptic curve public key cryptosystem (ECPKC) has been proposed by Karrar Taher and Ruma Ajeena. Their main idea is to design this cryptosystem focusses on generating the elliptic curve group, its order divides the Euler phi function that is computed securely based on two large primes. Faster and more secure computations to generate the keys, encryption and decryption processes, on the KR-ECPK algorithm are discussed. In comparing with other algorithms like RSA and ElGamal public key cryptosystem (EEPKC), the KR-ECPKC considers as an efficient algorithm. So, the KR-ECPKC is more appropriate for elliptic curve cryptographic applications.
Proton Irradiation the DNA of Human Cells
Authors: Oudah Osamah Nawfal , Saied Bashair Mohammed
Published: May 2021

Proton beam therapy provides favorable physical characteristics to kill cancer cells. It is known that all living organisms contain DNA, so we will simulate the bombardment of dry DNA of human’s body cells by protons. The knowledge of stopping powers is very important especially for ion beam cancer therapy. The simulations first-principles dynamics helps the mostly employed linear description of response theory. The study denotes that DNA has suffered ionization by proton bombarding, which leads to long–lasting harm to human or cancer DNA that empowers us to diagnose the latter and treat it with radiation. Through using Bethe and Ziegler’s equations, and also the SRIM programs, we determine the stopping power of the interaction of proton with human’s DNA at approximate energy of 1 to 2.5 MeV. The human’s DNA components are made of five main elements. All mathematical processes and analysis are achieved using Matlab program. The results are introduced in tables and figures. The researchers have formulated the power equation that denotes the values of stopping power according to the range of energy under investigation.
The effect of potassium substitution on the properties of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δCompound
Authors: Wadi Kassim Mahdi , Chillab Riyadh Kamil , Abdulateef Aqeel N. , Jasim Kareem A. , Shaban Auday H. , Hassan Maher A. , Jahil Sarab Saadi
Published: May 2021

This article reported investigations the effect of partial substitution potassium at calcium site for HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ system with x from 0 to 0.2. All samples were prepared using solid state reaction technique. The samples were subjected to gross structural characterization by X-ray diffraction. The XRD data for the prepared samples are consistent with the Hg-1223 phases, and the analysis showed that the structures are tetragonal. Increasing potassium level results in decreasing the mass density (from 1.53 to 1.51), volume fraction (from 76.4 to 71.9), lattice parameters c, c/a length of c. Electrical resistance was testing by four-probe technique to determine the critical temperature, and it is noticed that the non-potassium HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ compound has a critical temperature around 118 K, while introducing potassium in HgBa2Ca2-xKxCu3O8+δ compound with x=0.1 and 0.2 led to decrease the critical temperature to 110 K and 93 K, respectively.
Assessment of 222Rn gas concentrations in Educational laboratories of Department Physics in the College of Sciences, Al-Mustansiriya University
Authors: Hamad Hadeel Tariq , Karim Mahmood Salim , Kadhim Nada Farhan
Published: May 2021

In this article, internal CRn measure have been carried out in twenty-three locations various rooms and Laboratory of Department Physics in science college in the university of Mustansiriyah. CRn were measure by Rad-7 detector. The results show that, the maximum CRn in indoor rooms was found in Electronics Laboratory (64.9 Bq/m3), whilst the minimum CRn was found in room rapporteur of higher studies (2) / Department of Physics (24.3 Bq/m3), which was lower (200-300Bq/m3) indoor air and the value of parameters hazard indices were lower than the value of permissibility limit.
Antimicrobial activity by diffusion method using iron oxide nanoparticles prepared from (Rose plant) extract with rust iron
Authors: Abid Muslim A. , Latif L.A. , Kadhim Duha A. , Aziz Wisam J
Published: May 2021

This research succeeded in the prepared of iron oxide NPs using rose plant extract with rust iron extract at 300°C for two hours by simple chemical method. Iron oxide NPs have been developed as an death of antimicrobial as an alternative to toxic chemical drugs to prevent negative effects on human health. Iron oxide NPs were diagnosed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis, and Photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. XRD measurements explained the small crystalline size (61 nm) with (inverse cubic) structure (wustite) for (Fe0.9nO4) NPs at 300°C using rose plant extract. FESEM showed the average grain size of Fe902O NPs (wustite) rose plant extract at 300°C was 79.59 nm. PL spectrum determined a blue shift for the optical near band edge value was 2.75 eV for Fe0.911O NPs (wustite) at 300°C. Iron oxide NPs were applied in antimicrobial for removal of toxic bacterial by diffusion method. The success of this work will open wide new horizons for us in solving the problem of spent iron and how to get rid of it and the manufacture of new nanoparticles in medical treatments.
The substitutions of Strontium by yttrium and their effects on Bi2Sr2-xYxCa2Cu3O10+δ superconducting compound
Authors: Mohammed Laheeb A. , Jasim Kareem A.
Published: May 2021

Superconducting compound Bi2Sr2-xYxCa2Cu3O10+δ were Synthesized by method of solid state reaction, at 1033 K for 160 hours temperature of the sintering at normal atmospheric pressure where substitutions Yttrium oxide with Strontium. When Y2O3 concentration (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). All specimens of Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ superconducting compounds were examined. The resistivity of electrical was checked by the four point probe technique, It was found that the optimum and maximum transition temperature Tc = 125°K. The crystal structure studied by using XRD analysis and it was showed that the all specimens have tetragonal structures. Bi-2223phase increase by increasing Y2O3 concentration up x=0.4, The increasing addition Yttrium oxide concentration produce increasing in high-phase (Bi-2223) and c lattice parameter.
PV-Solar Power Generation in Educational Institutions
Authors: Oleiwi Fadhil Mahmood , Kasim Naseer K. , Atwan Ahmed F.
Published: May 2021

The PV solar system on the rooftop of buildings is a good source of renewable electric energy. Iraq has very large number of educational institutions with large non-invested rooftop with shortage of electrical energy supply. The present work aims at construction a simulation for PV-System action installed on rooftop of educational institutions in Baghdad using Green Power Solution (GPS) and PV-Syst programs. Based on the surface area of the schools’ roofs, the GPS program estimated three main PV-Systems which can be carried out, 63kW, 50kW, and 30kW in order to supply the electric power to selected school. Due to allocating few hours for school’s studying time along the year, the suitable PV-System is on-grid connection. The results indicated that the annual system performance ratio is 81.9% and the annual output power of these systems were 111.0 MWh/year, 88 MWh/year and 51.4 MWh/year respectively, 19.3MWh/year of them was consumed for this school and the rest is a feedback for grid. This green generation reduced the amount of emission CO2 by 73.981 tons, 62.216 tons and 36.3398 tons per year for systems 63kW, 50kW and 30kW respectively. The results also appear that the initial capital cost of each system can be recovered during the first six years of system operation.
A Comparison of Orthometric Heights Calculated from (GPS/Leveling) and (EGM08) Methods Based–GIS
Authors: Ghazal Nawal Khalaf , Saray Neran Saleh leaby
Published: May 2021

Interest in the study of global gravitational models has increased recently all over the world because it is necessary for height datum transformations. Today the International Center for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) provides the largest collection in the world produced through gravitational data from the gravitational satellite’s missions CHAMP, GRACE, and GOCE … Etc. To allow easy access through the internet with its more intelligent technologies, it is one of the International Gravity Organization’s services. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) has become one of the most preferred technologies in engineering surveying, a major dilemma in GPS survey lies in oval-based elevations. At the same time, orthometric heights are commonly used in the engineering field. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the measured heights by satellites assigned to the elliptical surface into orthometric heights and supported to the geoid surface (mean sea level) through an accurate geodetic model. The differences between orthometric measurement heights from DGPS/leveling data (obtained from 57 points in the study area) are increasingly used by professionals geographical information systems(GIS). However, the local determination of Geoid is necessary for better accuracy of the orthometric height from DGPS. This paper aims to introduce a modern technique for determining elevation, avoiding cumbersome and time-consuming spirit leveling operations. Fast vertical positioning can be obtained using DGPS with geoid models. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) is ± 0.19 m with high precision of DGPS derived with EGM08; thus, the more it describes the Earth’s gravitational field in more detail.
Effect of fillers (Bentonite - Zirconium) on the thermal behaviour of PVC polymer
Authors: Hasan Wasan K.
Published: May 2021

Thermal conductivity is one of the basic physical phenomena that can affect matter in heat quantities and explain what happens during the heat transfer process. The work indicates to the importance of investigate for effect of filler material Bentonite and ZrO2 on the thermal properties of polyvinyl chloride as a binder material with ratio of 3% compared with the ratio of Zirconium Oxide which was in the limits (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) besides Bentonite, the burn process was carried out at various temperatures 800,900,1000,1100 and1200°C. The results showed a decrease in the values of thermal conductivity from (0.5-0.3 W/m.K) when adding zirconium oxide, while increasing the percentage of the Bentonite with increasing and the burning temperature led to the increment of thermal conductivity for the prepared samples.
Measurement of uranium concentrations in urine samples of adult healthy groups in Najaf governorate with estimation of urine concentrations of 8-OHdG compound as biomarker for DNA damage
Authors: Abbas Samia K. , Saleh Dhuha S. , Hussain Hayder S.
Published: May 2021

In this study, 88 healthy adults in Al-Najaf governorate of Iraq have been divided into three groups according to the type of exposure to radiation including environmentally uranium exposures n=29 (G1), occupationally exposures n=27 (G2), and non-uranium exposures n=32 (G3). All groups were subjected for estimation of uranium concentration in urine samples using CR-39 SSNTD method beside measurement of urine concentrations of 8-OHdG compound as a biomarker for oxidative DNA damage using Elisa technique. Reactive oxygen species produced under the effect of many causes including ionizing radiation exposure, (0 H)free radical induced the formation of 8-OHdG compound from cellular and mitochondrial DNA through attack of C-8 in purine ring of guanine base. The results showed that mean values of uranium concentration were (1.836±0.426 μg/L), (2.02±0.404 μg/L) and (1.755± 0.437 μg/L) for group1, group2 and group3, respectively. While mean values for 8-OHdG were (49.810±15.484 ng/ml), (47.717±14.232ng/ml) and (46.769±14.249ng/ml) for the three groups, respectively. No significant statistical differences were recorded between all data obtained. These results suggested the presence of uranium pollution in all groups including the non-exposed group as compared with reference value of (WHO, 2004). Results also demonstrate the presence of DNA oxidative damage in all groups according to concentration levels of 8-OHdG in urine samples. Therefore, the uranium pollution in urine samples of the examined groups indicate the presence of chronic low dose radiation source in Najaf governorate, which might be the cause of DNA damage as reflected by the urinary levels of 8-OHdG compound.
Investigation Adsorption Mechanism of Methane Gas in Graphene and Copper Doped Nano-ribbon Using Density Function Theory
Authors: Al-Seady Mohammed A. , Grmasha Ruqayah Ali , Al-Aaraji Noor Al-Huda , Abduljalil Hayder M.
Published: May 2021

In this study, density function theory was used to evaluate geometrical and electronic properties for pure and doped system as well as adsorption energy. Pure graphene nano-ribbon appeared in plane surface during adsorption energy to have low sensitivity to methane gas. Its energy gap changed only in distance 1A because of the chemical adsorption. Doping mechanism enhanced the proprieties of graphene nano-ribbon. In geometrical structure, copper (Cu) atom stretching the nano system and it is a sign of modification. Additionally, energy gap was decreasing by doped in transition metal atom and become opening. Adsorption energy of doped system was higher than pure nano-ribbon. It was noticed that the doped transition metal enhanced the sensitivity of the system 6 times greater than pure graphene nano-ribbon. Doping graphene nano-ribbon by copper atom revealed to be a key to design chemical and physical gas sensor for methane gas.
Study the Relationship between Beta Decay Stability of Nuclide and its Shape for Some even-even Isobars
Authors: Jarallah Naz T , Nayyef Murtadha S
Published: May 2021

The aim of this work is to learn the relationship of the stability of (β) emitter isobars with their shape for some isobaric elements with even mass number (A=152 - 162). To reach this goal firstly the most stable isobar have been determined by plotting mass parabola (plotting the binding energy (B.E) as a function of the atomic number (Z)) for each isobaric family. Then three-dimensional representation graphics for each nucleus in these isobaric families have been plotted to illustrate the deformation in the shape of a nucleus. These three-dimensional representation graphics prepared by calculating the values of semi-axis minor (a), major (b) and (c) ellipsoid axis’s. Our results show that the shape of nuclides which is represented the most stable isobar in mass parabola are not spherical but they have some deformation in their shape, and need to emit a gamma ray to a chive more stable status and get spherical shape. The stable nuclides, which are determined from mass parabola, are different from the nuclides, which have less value of deformation.
Studying the nuclear structure of the (

66162Dy96

) deformed nucleus by using (IBM-1) and (VAVM) Models
Authors: Al-Kubaisi Ektefaa Adnan , Ali Kalaf Aobaid
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the nuclear structure of the deformed even-even

66

162

D

y

96

nucleus was studied using the first interacting boson model (IBM-1) to calculate the energy levels E(L) and the transitional energy (Eγ
). The energy bands, as well as the quadrupole moment (QL
) can be calculated to know the shape of the nucleus and the moment of inertia model, energy levels E(L), transitional energy (Eγ
) and the bands intersection. The current study showed that at dynamic symmetry SU (3), there is no effect of inertia moment on the shape of the rotational nuclei due to the absence of the phenomenon of back bending that belongs to this dynamic symmetry, through calculating the energy levels ratios found that

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162

D

y

96

nucleus belongs to the rotational dynamic symmetry SU (3). A comparison of the available practical results with the results calculated by (VAVM) and (IBM-1) showed that the (VAVM) model are better than the results calculated by (IBM-1).
Effect of deposition time on the structure, direct and indirect energy gap of nanoparticles CdO thin films deposited by chemical bath deposition technique
Authors: Jassim Salah Abdul-Jabbar , Ali Nassar Eman Mohammed
Published: May 2021

In this research, cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticle thin films have been prepared at room temperature using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique, and the effect of the deposition time were studied.CdOthin films have been deposited on glass substrate from cadmium chloride (CdCl2) ascd+2ions source and sodium hydroxide NaOH asO−2ions source. The pH value (acidity level) of the chemical bath was fixed at about 11. TheCdOthin films structures were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. It shows that all the prepared thin films have a cubic polycrystalline structure with a preferential orientation along (111) plane. All structural parameters were calculated. Particle size for the preferential orientation is calculated between (19.1-35.5 nm). It is found that the grain size increased with increasing the deposition time. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to study the optical properties, and a blue shift in the absorption peaks was noticed. The energy gap values (direct transition and indirect) calculated from the absorption spectrum located between (3.026-3.409 eV) for direct transitions and (2.197-2.917 eV) for indirect transitions, and this indicates that allCdOthin films prepared nanoparticles. We found that the energy gap decreased with increasing the deposition time.
Evaluation the reactions of production the radioactive Iodine-124
Authors: Hussein Aeshah Ali , Jarallah Naz T , Saied Mohamed Bashair
Published: May 2021

Nowadays, the field of radionuclide treatment is enjoying an exciting stage and preparing for further growth and progress in the future. For instance, in Asia, the large spread of liver and thyroid diseases has resulted in several new developments/clinical trials using molecular radiotherapy (i.e. targeted radionuclide therapy). Iodine-124 has unique physical properties including long half-life that adding an advantage for pharmacokinetics and radiopharmaceutical analysis. One of its applications in nuclear medicine is in Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The aim of the present work is to evaluate the production yield of 124I via calculated the excitation functions/stopping power for the reactionsnatTe(P, X)124I, 121 Sb(A, N)124I,natSb(A, X)124I and 123Sb(A,3N)124I in the energy range ( 3.87-62.95)MeV by using Mat-lab and SRIM programs.
Study of Pb Ions Removal from Aqueous Solutions by a Novel Sodium Formate-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Mustafa Hanan J. , Al-Saadi Tagreed M.
Published: May 2021

One of the problems that continuously happen from the past ages till the present time is the contamination of the water sources with heavy metal ions; as a continuation of the many studies have been done so far to solve this problem. Novel magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) coated with sodium formate (SF-Ni0.31Mg0.15Ag0.04Fe2.5O4)have been prepared using co-precipitation method. Characterization of the prepared SF-magnetite NPs was done by using the spectroscopic devices (XRD), (SEM), (EDX), (FT-IR), and (AAS). From the XRD spectrum it was found that the crystal structure of the prepared SF-magnetite NPs is a cubic inverse spinel structure, which has average crystallite size, the lattice constant, and X-ray density of 28.57 nm, 8.33 Å, 5.29 g/cm3, respectively. SEM images have shown that the prepared NPs have a sphere-like shape with a measured average crystallite size of 25.93 nm. By EDX spectrum the presence of the constituent elements was confirmed by giving their energy peaks (O: Kα=0.525), (Fe: Kα=6.4, Lα=0.705), (Ni: Kα=7.84, Lα=0.85), (Mg: Kα=1.25), and (Ag: Lα=2.98, Lβ=3.35). The attachment of the SF molecules to the magnetite NPs was proven by the FT-IR spectrum through appearing the absorption peaks in the SF-magnetite NPs spectrum at 1600cm−1and 3400cm−1return to the bonds (C=O) and (C-H stretch) in SF. By ASS results, adsorption of Pb ions was clearly influenced by SF coating giving removal rate (93%) at equilibrium time (10min) in the prepared solution of Pb(NO3)2salt, while for the wastewater samples the removal rate was (55%) - (100%).
Electrical and optical properties of ZnO, CuO thin films and fabrication of (ZnO/CuO) heterojunction solar cell by thermal treatment
Authors: Kashkool I.N. , Afanasjev V.P. , Mukhin N.V.
Published: May 2021

Electrical properties (carrier concentration, mobility, resistivity) of zinc oxide thin films deposited on glass substrates by (LPCVD) has been studied. Thermal annealing in air showed that ideal annealing temperature is about 250°C. Films of copper oxide (CuO) and (CuO/ZnO) solar cell were prepared by vacuum deposition of copper films followed by thermal annealing. structural properties of the CuO films and I-V characteristics were studied upon thermal annealing and showed that a photosensitive (ZnO/CuO) heterojunction may be obtained by thermal treatment temperature about 500°C.
Measurement of outdoor Radon Concentrations in Soil Samples collected from Karabuk University in Turkey by using CR-39 Detector
Authors: Mahdi Khalid H , Erer A Mustafa , Kanbur Ulvi , Ağduk Savaç , Oguz Serkan , Çakmak Necla
Published: May 2021

In this work, radon gas concentration in (35) samples of soil collected from Karabuk University in Turkey was measured by using nuclear track detector (CR-39). The content of radium, the rate of surface exhalation and the rate of mass exhalation have been assessed. The concentrations of radon were varied from (16.348 Bq.m−3) to (196.988 Bq.m−3). Results indicate that the equivalent content of radium varied from (0.386245 Bq.kg−1) to (4.654255 Bq.kg−1). The exhalation rate for surface varied from (0.002007 Bq.m−1.h−1) to (0.023031 Bq.m−1.h−1). The exhalation rate for mass varied from (0.000319 Bq.kg−1.h−1) to (0.00366 Bq.kg−1.h−1). All the obtained results found to be less than the corresponding limits for the world. Thus, based on the radon gas concentration and radiation, the equivalent content of radium (CRa), exhalation rate for the area (EArea) and exhalation rate for the mass (EMass) in this area have no risk to the human’s health.
The Effect of Adding SiC on Some of the Mechanical Properties of the Cu-Al2O3 System Using Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Ghareeb Suha M. , Allah Sabah Mahmoud Aman , Darweesh Salih Y.
Published: May 2021

Powder metallurgy is one of the simple ways employed to produce alloys that are used in many technological applications. In the recent work, different contents (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) of silicon carbide (≥ 63μm) were used as a reinforcement material on matrix ((90, 85, 80, 75 and 70) % Cu-10% Nano-Al2O3). The mixture was milled by a locally made mill for three consecutive times (2, 4 and 6) hours. After that, a compressor with the highest compaction capacity (20 tons) was used to compact the mixture. The mixture was compacted in a steel die through applying pressure of 5 tons for one minute. After sintering samples at 900°C for two hours, mechanical tests including Vickers hardness, diametric compressive strength and wear were applied as a function of the grinding time. The results showed that the best hardness of (119.4 Hv) is reached for the grinding time of six hours and the reinforcement of (20% SiC), while the highest compressive strength was obtained for same time of grinding with a reinforcement of (53.3 Mpa). Concerning the rate of wear, its value decreased to the lowest value at the same conditions above (1.10368*10-7 g/cm). Accordingly, the best characteristic parameters of the results appeared at 900°C, the grinding time of six hours, and reinforcement content of 20%.
Anatomical and chemical study on the growing Eriobotrya japonica in Anbar Governorate
Authors: Awad Lubab Mohamed , Hameed Ashwaq Talib
Published: May 2021

current research consists of an anatomical find out about of the Eriobotrya japonica from the Rosaceae in Anbar Governorate, which is in the structure of planted trees. The anatomical features of the s, leaf blade and market have been studied and its traits and floor have taxonomic significance in keeping apart and diagnosing this type. Appearance qualities can be linked with anatomical qualities to achieve an built-in classification. The quantity of layers and thickness of every organ, vascular bundles characteristics, wide variety of vessels, the traits of epidermal cells and cross-section structure are all studied contributing to taxonomic significance. The current study also dealt with the phenotypic characteristics of the stem, leaf and stalk, and it became clear through this study that the stems of the type Eriobotrya japonica were cylindrical and hard with many branches and were distinguished by a greenish-brown color. It is not a fixed characteristic of the single type in addition to the shape of the leaf, which is one of the important features in the classification. The stalk is characterized by being short and covered with hairy and green or yellowish green color, and these characteristics are important in the classification of this type. The fatty acids were detected in the hexane extract of Eriobotrya japonica in the gas chromatography device - GC, and the results indicated that this type contains fatty acids, the highest percentage of linoleic acid was 60% and the lowest Linolenic acid by 0.17%.
Research on the Design of Cutting Table Mechanism of Leafy Vegetable Harvester Based on Computer Technology
Authors: Yin Haifang , Wang Zhenhua
Published: May 2021

In view of the fact that vegetable harvesting in my country is still manual harvesting, with large labor force and low efficiency, a universal harvesting machine for stem and leaf vegetables has been developed. This machine has the advantages of simple operation and high efficiency. This article focuses on the machine design, working principle and technical situation of the harvester for stem and leaf vegetables. The modified machine has been verified by practice and realized the predetermined design function.
Research on Oil Painting Creation Based on Computer Technology
Authors: Liu Fangfei
Published: May 2021

Painting art can bring us the experience of life. The art of painting is the crystallization of thousands of years of Chinese culture. Many people like oil painting. This traditional art form can transform people’s thinking into a physical picture. In the process of oil painting creation, artistic conception needs to be rendered. With the rapid progress of science and technology, people found that computer technology can help the creation of oil painting[1]. This paper mainly describes the reference of computer technology to oil painting creation. This paper puts forward the indirect application of image processing technology and computer aided technology in oil painting creation.