bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What makes Paris look like Paris?
Authors: Doersch Carl , Singh Saurabh , Gupta Abhinav , Sivic Josef , Efros Alexei A.
Published: November 2015

Given a large repository of geo-tagged imagery, we seek to automatically find visual elements, for example windows, balconies, and street signs, that are most distinctive for a certain geo-spatial area, for example the city of Paris. This is a tremendously difficult task as the visual features distinguishing architectural elements of different places can be very subtle. In addition, we face a hard search problem: given all possible patches in all images, which of them are both frequently occurring
and
geographically informative? To address these issues, we propose to use a discriminative clustering approach able to take into account the weak geographic supervision. We show that geographically representative image elements can be discovered automatically from Google Street View imagery in a discriminative manner. We demonstrate that these elements are visually interpretable and perceptually geo-informative. The discovered visual elements can also support a variety of
computational geography
tasks, such as mapping architectural correspondences and influences within and across cities, finding representative elements at different geo-spatial scales, and geographically informed image retrieval.
The digital dark age
Authors: Anderson David
Published: November 2015

…and why it will have to wait.
Coupled ethical-epistemic analysis in teaching ethics
Authors: Tuana Nancy
Published: November 2015

Critical reflection on value choices.
Pickled patches
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: November 2015

On repositories of patches and tension between security professionals and in-house developers.
The case for banning killer robots
Authors: Goose Stephen
Published: November 2015

Ban the bots? Considering both sides of the argument for and against.
Peripheral vascular reactivity and serum BDNF responses to aerobic training are impaired by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism
Authors: Lemos José R. , Alves Cleber R. , de Souza Sílvia B. C. , Marsiglia Julia D. C. , Silva Michelle S. M. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Teixeira Antônio L. , Vieira Erica L. M. , Krieger José E. , Negrão Carlos E. , Alves Guilherme B. , de Oliveira Edilamar M. , Bolani Wladimir , Dias Rodrigo G. , Trombetta Ivani C.
Published: November 2015

Besides neuronal plasticity, the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is also important in vascular function. The BDNF has been associated with angiogenesis through its specific receptor tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB). Additionally, Val66Met polymorphism decreases activity-induced BDNF. Since BDNF and TrkB are expressed in vascular endothelial cells and aerobic exercise training can increase serum BDNF, this study aimed to test the hypotheses: 1) Serum BDNF levels modulate peripheral blood flow; 2) The Val66Met BDNF polymorphism impairs exercise training-induced vasodilation. We genotyped 304 healthy male volunteers (Val66Val, n = 221; Val66Met, n = 83) who underwent intense aerobic exercise training on a running track three times/wk for 4 mo. We evaluated pre- and post-exercise training serum BDNF and proBDNF concentration, heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MBP), forearm blood flow (FBF), and forearm vascular resistance (FVR). In the pre-exercise training, BDNF, proBDNF, BDNF/proBDNF ratio, FBF, and FVR were similar between genotypes. After exercise training, functional capacity (V̇o2 peak) increased and HR decreased similarly in both groups. Val66Val, but not Val66Met, increased BDNF (interaction, P = 0.04) and BDNF/proBDNF ratio (interaction, P < 0.001). Interestingly, FBF (interaction, P = 0.04) and the FVR (interaction, P = 0.01) responses during handgrip exercise (HG) improved in Val66Val compared with Val66Met, even with similar responses of HR and MBP. There were association between BDNF/proBDNF ratio and FBF (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and FVR (r = −0.58, P < 0.001) during HG exercise. These results show that peripheral vascular reactivity and serum BDNF responses to exercise training are impaired by the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and such responsiveness is associated with serum BDNF concentrations in healthy subjects.
Antimicrobial Potential of Crude Extract of Curvularia lunata, an Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Cymbopogon caesius
Authors: Avinash K. S. , Ashwini H. S. , Babu H. N. Ramesh , Krishnamurthy Y. L.
Published: November 2015

Cymbopogon caesius grass is an aromatic tall grass species which grows in waste field and along the edges of crop fields in Karnataka. From this grass fungal endophytes were isolated on PDA medium and identified as Curvularia lunata. The fungus was cultured on Potato Dextrose broth for production of fungal metabolites. Ethyl acetate extract of the C. lunata was obtained by liquid-liquid partition of broth of endophyte and evaporation. Dried crude extract was tested for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. The extract showed antimicrobial nature against all the test pathogens. Crude extract of C. lunata is highly active against Staphylococcus aureus with the inhibition percentage of 92 and Candida albicans with 81 percent inhibition.
Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peel Extract as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Ashassi-Sorkhabi Habib , Mirzaee Shoja , Rostamikia Taghi , Bagheri Robabeh
Published: November 2015

The inhibition effect of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) on the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution was investigated. The polarization, mass loss, and electrochemical impendence techniques were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibition performance of the pomegranate peel extract. The results revealed that PPE acts as a corrosion inhibitor in HCl solution. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of extract concentration. The inhibition action was attributed to the adsorption of the chemical compounds present in the extract solution, on mild steel surface.
Pattern of Presentation and Utilization of Services for Mental and Neurological Disorders in Northeastern Nigeria: A Ten-Year Study
Authors: Mohammed Said Jidda , Jibril Abdulmalik , Isah Rabbebe , Beida Omeiza
Published: November 2015

Mental and neurological disorders are common in the primary health care settings. The organization of mental health services focuses on a vertical approach. The northeast as other low income regions has weak mental health services with potentially huge mental health burden. The manner of presentations and utilization of these services by the population may assist in determining treatment gap. We investigated the pattern and geographical distribution of presentations with mental disorders and explored the linkages with primary care in northeastern Nigeria over the last decade. A retrospective review of hospital-based records of all the available mental health service units in the region was conducted over a decade spanning between January 2001 and December 2011. A total of 47, 664 patients attended available mental health facilities within the past decade in the northeast. Overwhelming majority (83%,n=39,800) attended the region’s tertiary mental health facility. A substantial proportion (30%,n=14,440) had primary physical illness, while 18%,n=8606, had primary neurologic disorders. The commonest physical comorbidity was hypertension (4%) and diabetes (2%). A significant proportion of the populace with mental disorders appeared not to be accessing mental health care services, even when it is available. Meaningful efforts to improve access to mental health services in the northeast region of Nigeria will require successful integration of mental health into primary and general medical services.
Energy-Based Optimal Ranking of the Interior Modes for Reduced-Order Models under Periodic Excitation
Authors: Palomba Ilaria , Richiedei Dario , Trevisani Alberto
Published: November 2015

This paper introduces a novel method for ranking and selecting the interior modes to be retained in the Craig-Bampton model reduction, in the case of linear vibrating systems under periodic excitation. The aim of the method is to provide an effective ranking of such modes and hence an optimal sequence according to which the interior modes should be progressively included to achieve a desired accuracy of the reduced-order model at the frequencies of interest, while keeping model dimensions to a minimum. An energy-based ranking (EBR) method is proposed, which exploits analytical coefficients to evaluate the contribution of each interior mode to the forced response of the full-order system. The application of the method to two representative systems is discussed: an ultrasonic horn and a vibratory feeder. The results show that the EBR method provides a very effective ranking of the most important interior modes and that it outperforms other state-of-the-art benchmark techniques.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Inner Functions to Be inQK(p,p-2)-Spaces
Authors: Reijonen Atte
Published: November 2015

Under some regularity conditions onK, inner functions inQK(p,p-2)-spaces are characterized in the following way: an inner function belongs toQK(p,p-2)if and only if it is a Blaschke product associated with{zn}satisfyingsupa∈D∑nK(1-|φa(zn)|)<∞, whereφa(z)=(a-z)/(1-a¯z). The result generalizes earlier theorems in (Essén et al., 2006) and (Pérez-González and Rättyä, 2009).
Calcium PretreatedHevea brasiliensisSawdust for Copper Removal: Batch and Column Study
Authors: Biswas Swarup , Mishra Umesh
Published: November 2015

Calcium pretreatedHevea brasiliensissawdust has been used as an effective and efficient adsorbent for the removal of copper ion from the contaminated water. Batch experiment was conducted to check the effect of pH, initial concentration, contact time, and adsorbent dose. The results conclude that adsorption capacity of adsorbent was influenced by operating parameters. Maximum adsorption capacity found from the batch adsorption process was 37.74 mg/g at pH of 5.6. Various isotherm models like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were used to compare the theoretical and experimental data, whereas the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to study the kinetics of the batch adsorption process. Dynamic studies were also conducted in packed-bed column using different bed depths and the maximum adsorption capacity of 34.29 was achieved. Characterizations of the adsorbent were done by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.
A Novel M2M Backbone Network Architecture
Authors: Dong Feihong , Huang Qinfei , Li Hongjun , Kong Bo , Zhang Wei
Published: November 2015

Network architecture analysis is a curial issue for a large scale Machine-To-Machine (M2M) network. Considering an M2M backbone network which consists of distributed satellite clusters in geosynchronous orbit (GEO), a new distributed satellite cluster network (DSCN) hybrid topology architecture is proposed in this paper. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the conceptions of domains, strong/weak link, hubs, small world, and degree realizability are proposed for the first time in the DSCN based M2M backbone networks. How these features affect the network is given through analysis and simulation. By employing Network Science Theory, a strong constraint DSCN topology is presented. In addition, we compare the DSCN with several typical network topologies. Results show that the proposed hybrid architecture realizes a stunning trade-off between the efficiency and robustness.
Association of Polymorphisms of Phase I Metabolizing Genes with Sister Chromatid Exchanges in Occupational Workers Exposed to Toluene Used in Paint Thinners
Authors: Priya Kanu , Yadav Anita , Kumar Neeraj , Gulati Sachin , Aggarwal Neeraj , Gupta Ranjan
Published: November 2015

This study investigated genetic damage in paint workers mainly exposed to toluene as it is a major solvent used in paint thinners. Sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay was used as biomarker of genotoxicity. Blood samples were collected from 30 paint workers and 30 control subjects matched with respect to age and other confounding factors except for exposure to toluene. SCE frequency was found to be significantly higher in paint workers (4.81±0.92) as compared to control individuals (1.73±0.54) (p<0.05). We also investigated influence of polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1m2 genes on SCE frequency. Our results showed that there was significant increase in frequencies of SCE among the mutant genotypes of CYP2E1 and CYP1A1m2 as compared to wild genotypes. Our study indicated that long term exposure of toluene can increase genotoxic risk in paint workers.
Constrained Controllability of theh-Difference Fractional Control Systems with Caputo Type Operator
Authors: Pawluszewicz Ewa
Published: November 2015

The problem of controllability to a given convex target set of linear fractional systems withh-difference fractional operator of Caputo type is studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions of controllability with constrained controllers for such systems are given. Problem of approximation of a continuous-time system with Caputo fractional differential by a discrete-time system withh-difference fractional operator of Caputo type is discussed.
Solution‐Based High‐Density Arrays of Dielectric Microsphere Structures for Improved Crystal Quality of III‐Nitride Layers on Si Substrates
Authors: Lee Ho-Jun , Lee Kye-Jin , Choi Kwang-Yong , Eum Jung-Hyun , Lee Dong-Kun , Lee Dong-Seon , Bae Si-Young
Published: November 2015

The recent development of dielectric microsphere lithography has been able to open up new means of performing simple and easy patterning on the semiconductor surfaces. Here, we report uniform and high‐density arrays of microspheres using a solution‐based spin‐coating method. The arrays of microspheres were used for etching mask to form the arrays of III‐nitride microrods. By regrowing GaN layer on the microrod structures, high‐quality GaN layer was achieved in terms of surface morphology as well as XRD characterization. To apply the advantages such as improved crystal quality and light extraction enhancement, light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown and then fabricated. The regrown LEDs with microspheres showed much improved optical output power and forward voltage characteristics in the same current injection. Therefore, we believe that this approach is quite useful for the development of high efficiency LEDs for future lighting.
Protective Efficacy of an Inactive Vaccine Based on the LY02 Isolate against AcuteHaemophilus parasuisInfection in Piglets
Authors: Li Xiao-Hua , Zhao Guo-Zhen , Qiu Long-Xin , Dai Ai-Ling , Wu Wang-Wei , Yang Xiao-Yan
Published: November 2015

Haemophilus parasuiscan cause Glässer’s disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. The current prevention of Glässer’s disease is mainly based on the inactive vaccines; however, the protective efficacy usually fails in heterogeneous or homologous challenges. Here, the predominant lineage ofH. parasuis(LY02 strain) in Fujian province, China, characterized as serovar 5, was used to evaluate the protective immunity against acuteH. parasuisinfection in piglets after inactivation. Following challenging withH. parasuis,only mild lesions in the pigs immunized with the killed vaccine were observed, whereas the typical symptoms of Glässer’s disease presented in the nonimmunized piglets. A strong IgG immune response was induced by the inactive vaccine. CD4+and CD8+T lymphocyte levels were increased, indicating the potent cellular immune responses were elicited. The significantly high levels of IL-2, IL-4, TGF-β, and IFN-γin sera from pigs immunized with this killed vaccine suggested that the mixed Th1 and Th2 immune responses were induced, associated with the high protection againstH. parasuisinfection compared to the nonimmunized animals. This study indicated that the inactivated LY02 strain ofH. parasuiscould serve as a potential vaccine candidate to prevent the prevalence ofH. parasuisin Fujian province, China.
Optimization and Characterization of Artesunate‐Loaded Chitosan‐Decorated Poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) Acid Nanoparticles
Authors: Ho Hoang Nhan , Tran Tuan Hiep , Tran Trong Bien , Yong Chul Soon , Nguyen Chien Ngoc
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study was to optimize the formulation of artesunate‐loaded chitosan‐ (CS‐) decorated poly(D,L‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as well as evaluate their characteristics. CS‐to‐PLGA mass ratio, pH of CS solution, and experimental temperature were optimized using response surface methodology to understand their effects on size and zeta potential of nanoparticles. The optimized formulation showed the close agreement between predicted and experimental values (all bias below 5%). The presence of CS was confirmed by positive surface charge and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. A spherical‐like shape of particles was observed in range of small size around 190 nm. This CS layer restricted initial burst release of drug from carriers in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8. In addition, CS‐coated NPs enhanced the intracellular uptake, in vitro cytotoxicity, and apoptosis‐induced nuclei behaviors compared with CS‐uncoated NPs as well as free drug in MCF‐7 and A549 cancer cells.
Disease Classification and Biomarker Discovery Using ECG Data
Authors: Huang Rong , Zhou Yingchun
Published: November 2015

In the recent decade, disease classification and biomarker discovery have become increasingly important in modern biological and medical research. ECGs are comparatively low-cost and noninvasive in screening and diagnosing heart diseases. With the development of personal ECG monitors, large amounts of ECGs are recorded and stored; therefore, fast and efficient algorithms are called for to analyze the data and make diagnosis. In this paper, an efficient and easy-to-interpret procedure of cardiac disease classification is developed through novel feature extraction methods and comparison of classifiers. Motivated by the observation that the distributions of various measures on ECGs of the diseased group are often skewed, heavy-tailed, or multimodal, we characterize the distributions by sample quantiles which outperform sample means. Three classifiers are compared in application both to all features and to dimension-reduced features by PCA: stepwise discriminant analysis (SDA), SVM, and LASSO logistic regression. It is found that SDA applied to dimension-reduced features by PCA is the most stable and effective procedure, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy being 89.68%, 84.62%, and 88.52%, respectively.
A Rare Entity: Adult Asymptomatic Giant Vallecular Cyst
Authors: Torun Mümtaz Taner , Seçkin Ender , Tuncel Ümit , Kılıç Caner , Özkan Özalkan
Published: November 2015

Background. Cysts in the larynx are rare and generally asymptomatic. However, large cysts in adults can be symptomatic. If they are symptomatic, they typically present with respiratory and feeding difficulties. They are usually benign in terms of pathology. Several surgical techniques may be used for treatment.Case Report. A 56-year-old man presented to our clinic with hoarseness. Routine laryngeal examination revealed a giant mass and the larynx could not be visualized. At magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a cystic mass originating from the vallecula was detected. There was no pathology at the glottic level. We planned tracheotomy for the airway and endoscopic surgery for excision. The mass was excised using CO2laser and was reported as benign.Conclusion. An asymptomatic vallecular cyst may cause difficult intubation in any operation. It may also cause respiratory or other complications. Airway management should be led by an ear, nose, and throat surgeon, since tracheotomy may be required. Endoscopic excision with CO2laser is a good choice for treatment in elective cases. In this report, we discuss the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with an asymptomatic giant vallecular cyst.
Association between Estrogen Receptor-αGene XbaI and PvuII Polymorphisms and Periodontitis Susceptibility: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Weng Hong , Zhang Chao , Hu Yuan-Yuan , Yuan Rui-Xia , Zuo Hong-Xia , Yan Jin-Zhu , Niu Yu-Ming
Published: November 2015

Background. Certain studies have previously explored the association between the estrogen receptor-α(ER-α) gene polymorphisms and periodontitis susceptibility, although the current results are controversial. The present study, using meta-analysis, aimed to investigate the nature of the genetic susceptibility of the ER-αfor developing periodontitis.Methods. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases was conducted up to January 8, 2015. Statistical manipulation was performed using Stata version 13.0 software. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confident intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association in five genetic models.Results. A total of 17 eligible case-control studies from seven identified publications consisting of nine studies for the XbaI polymorphism and eight studies for the PvuII polymorphism were included in the meta-analysis. We found elevated risk of periodontitis in XbaI XX genotype carriers. Moreover, subgroup analyses demonstrated increased risk for chronic periodontitis of XbaI XX genotype carriers, specifically in the Chinese Han female population. No significant association was observed between PvuII polymorphism and periodontitis.Conclusion. Current evidence indicated that the homozygote (XX) genotype of ER-αgene XbaI polymorphism, but not PvuII mutation, may increase the risk of chronic periodontitis, specifically in the Chinese Han female population.
Deep Assessment: A Novel Framework for Improving the Care of People with Very Advanced Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lyons Gordon , Arthur-Kelly Michael , Eidels Ami , Mavratzakis Aimee
Published: November 2015

Best practice in understanding and caring for people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease presents extraordinary challenges. Their severe and deteriorating cognitive impairments are such that carers find progressive difficulty in authentically ascertaining and responding to interests, preferences, and needs. Deep assessment, a novel multifaceted framework drawn from research into the experiences of others with severe cognitive impairments, has potential to empower carers and other support professionals to develop an enhanced understanding of people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease and so deliver better calibrated care in attempts to maximize quality of life. Deep assessment uses a combination of techniques, namely, Behaviour State Observation, Triangulated Proxy Reporting, and Startle Reflex Modulation Measurement, to deliver a comprehensive and deep assessment of the inner states (awareness, preferences, likes, and dislikes) of people who cannot reliably self-report. This paper explains deep assessment and its current applications. It then suggests how it can be applied to people with advanced Alzheimer’s disease to develop others’ understanding of their inner states and to help improve their quality of life. An illustrative hypothetical vignette is used to amplify this framework. We discuss the potential utility and efficacy of this technique for this population and we also propose other human conditions that may benefit from research using a deep assessment approach.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Concentrations in Drinking Water in Villages along the Huai River in China and Their Association with High Cancer Incidence in Local Population
Authors: Pan En chun , Sun Hong , Xu Qiu jin , Zhang Qin , Liu Lin fei , Chen Xiao dong , Xu Yan
Published: November 2015

This study aims to evaluate the carcinogenic risk of PAHs in the drinking water of counties along the Huai River in China and study their associations with high cancer incidence in local population. We investigated 20 villages with high cancer incidence rates as the risk group and 20 villages with low rates as the control group. Water samples from each village were collected in the winter and summer seasons to analyze the concentrations of 16 PAHs. The carcinogenic risks of the PAHs were calculated for each village using a health risk assessment approach. Results showed that PAHs concentrations in 27.2% of the water samples were higher than the allowable values in China. However, no significant difference in water PAHs concentrations was observed between the risk and control groups (P>0.05), and no correlation was found between water PAHs concentrations and cancer incidence in these villages. The average upper bound carcinogenic risks were less than1×10-4in both groups. In conclusion, PAHs were present in the drinking water of the studied villages, but their carcinogenic risks remained within acceptable limits. PAHs in local drinking water might not be the major environmental cause of the high cancer incidences.
Performance of LED Fluorescence Microscopy for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV Positive Individuals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Getachew Konjit , Abebe Tamrat , Kebede Abebaw , Mihret Adane , Melkamu Getachew
Published: November 2015

Background. Despite its lower sensitivity, smear microscopy remains the main diagnostic method for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) in resource-limited countries as TB culturing methods like LJ (Lowenstein-Jensen) are expensive to use as a routine base. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of LED-FM for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals.Methods. Cross-sectional study was conducted in Zewditu Memorial Hospital and Teklehaimanot Health Center HIV/ART clinics in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Each sample was stained with ZN and Auramine O staining and examined with bright-field microscope and LED-FM microscope, respectively. LJ culture was used as a reference.Results. Out of 178 study participants, twenty-four (13.5%) patients were confirmed as positive for MTB with LJ culture. The yield of ZN microscopy and LED-FM in direct and concentrated sample was 3.9%, 8.4%, 6.2%, and 8.4%, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of direct ZN microscopy were 29.2%, 100%, 100%, and 90.1%, respectively, and of LED-FM microscopy in direct sputum sample were 62.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.5%, respectively.Conclusion. LED-FM has better sensitivity for the diagnosis of PTB in HIV positive individuals as compared to conventional ZN microscopy. LED-FM can be used as an alternative to conventional ZN microscopy.
Effects of Activating Mutations on EGFR Cellular Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Recycling Determined Using SILAC Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Greig Michael J. , Niessen Sherry , Weinrich Scott L. , Feng Jun Li , Shi Manli , Johnson Ted O.
Published: November 2015

Rapid mutations of proteins that are targeted in cancer therapy often lead to drug resistance. Often, the mutation directly affects a drug’s binding site, effectively blocking binding of the drug, but these mutations can have other effects such as changing the protein turnover half-life. Utilizing SILAC MS, we measured the cellular turnover rates of an important non-small cell lung cancer target, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Wild-type (WT) EGFR, EGFR with a single activating mutant (Del 746–750 or L858R), and the drug-resistant double mutant (L858R/T790M) EGFR were analyzed. In non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, EGFR turnover rates ranged from 28 hours in A431 cells (WT) to 7.5 hours in the PC-9 cells (Del 746–750 mutant). The measurement of EGFR turnover rate in PC-9 cells dosed with irreversible inhibitors has additional complexity due to inhibitor effects on cell viability and results were reported as a range. Finally, essential amino acid recycling (K and R) was measured in different cell lines. The recycling was different in each cell line, but the overall inclusion of the effect of amino acid recycling on calculating EGFR turnover rates resulted in a 10–20% reduction in rates.
Mortality and One-Year Functional Outcome in Elderly and Very Old Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries: Observed and Predicted
Authors: Røe Cecilie , Skandsen Toril , Manskow Unn , Ader Tiina , Anke Audny
Published: November 2015

The aim of the present study was to evaluate mortality and functional outcome in old and very old patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare to the predicted outcome according to the internet based CRASH (Corticosteroid Randomization After Significant Head injury) model based prediction, from the Medical Research Council (MRC).Methods.Prospective, national multicenter study including patients with severe TBI ≥65 years. Predicted mortality and outcome were calculated based on clinical information (CRASH basic) (age, GCS score, and pupil reactivity to light), as well as with additional CT findings (CRASH CT). Observed 14-day mortality and favorable/unfavorable outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale at one year was compared to the predicted outcome according to the CRASH models.Results.97 patients, mean age 75 (SD 7) years, 64% men, were included. Two patients were lost to follow-up; 48 died within 14 days. The predicted versus the observed odds ratio (OR) for mortality was 2.65. Unfavorable outcome (GOSE < 5) was observed at one year follow-up in 72% of patients. The CRASH models predicted unfavorable outcome in all patients.Conclusion.The CRASH model overestimated mortality and unfavorable outcome in old and very old Norwegian patients with severe TBI.
MicroRNA-381 Negatively Regulates TLR4 Signaling in A549 Cells in Response to LPS Stimulation
Authors: Xu Zhihao , Dong Dapeng , Chen Xiaofei , Huang Huaqiong , Wen Shenglan
Published: November 2015

It is widely reported that miR-381 is dysregulated in various tumors. However, the specific role of miR-381 in respiratory infections has not been reported. To probe this role, A549 cells were pretreated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. The level of miR-381 was detected using RT-qPCR. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines was determined using an ELISA kit and western blotting. Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict the target genes of miR-381, and a luciferase reporter assay was used to validate the expression of the target genes. miR-381 expression was increased in A549 cells treated with LPS, which is a ligand of TLRs. Further study revealed that the overexpression of miR-381 increased the activity of NF-κB signaling, thereby increasing the expression of IL-6, TNFα, and COX-2. Further study revealed that IκBα was a target gene of miR-381. The upregulation of miR-381 under LPS stimulation contributes to respiratory infections mainly by targeting IκBα.
Artery of Percheron Infarction as an Unusual Cause of Korsakoff’s Syndrome
Authors: Zhou Yongxing , Fox Derrick , Anand Abhishek , Elhaj Amal , Kapoor Arushi , Najibi Faranak , Kim Han , Weir Roger , Jayam-Trouth Annapurni
Published: November 2015

The Korsakoff syndrome is defined as “an abnormal mental state in which memory and learning are affected out of all proportion to other cognitive functions in an otherwise alert and responsive patient.” Confabulation refers to false or erroneous memories arising, not deliberately, in the context of a neurological amnesia and is often thought of as pathognomonic of the Korsakoff syndrome. Although the exact pathophysiology is unknown, various studies have identified brain lesions in the thalami, mammillary bodies, and frontal cortex. We report a case of a 68-year-old male presenting with acute altered mental status on July 16, 2015. The neuropsychological dysfunctions included prominent Korsakoff’s syndrome, which became apparent when the altered mental status resolved. Amnesia was accompanied by prominent confabulation, disorientation, and lack of insight into his own disability. Neuroradiological data indicated that the intralaminar and dorsomedial nuclei in bilateral thalami were infarcted by occlusion of the artery of Percheron. We believe that ours is one of few reported cases of Korsakoff syndrome in a patient with infarction involving the territory of the artery of Percheron. We conclude that bilateral thalamic lesions could cause Korsakoff’s syndrome and the intralaminar and dorsomedial nuclei might be important structures in the pathogenesis of confabulation.
Acrylamide and Glycidamide Hemoglobin Adducts and Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Nested Case–Control Study in Nonsmoking Postmenopausal Women from the EPIC Cohort
Authors: Obón-Santacana Mireia , Lujan-Barroso Leila , Travis Ruth C. , Freisling Heinz , Ferrari Pietro , Severi Gianluca , Baglietto Laura , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , Fortner Renée T. , Ose Jennifer , Boeing Heiner , Menéndez Virginia , Sánchez-Cantalejo Emilio , Chamosa Saioa , Castaño José María Huerta , Ardanaz Eva , Khaw Kay-Tee , Wareham Nick , Merritt Melissa A. , Gunter Marc J. , Trichopoulou Antonia , Papatesta Eleni-Maria , Klinaki Eleni , Saieva Calogero , Tagliabue Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Sacerdote Carlotta , Mattiello Amalia , Bueno-de-Mesquita H.B. , Peeters Petra H. , Onland-Moret N. Charlotte , Idahl Annika , Lundin Eva , Weiderpass Elisabete , Vesper Hubert W. , Riboli Elio , Duell Eric J.
Published: November 2015

Background: Acrylamide was classified as “probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A)” by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the fourth cause of cancer mortality in women. Five epidemiological studies have evaluated the association between EOC risk and dietary acrylamide intake assessed using food frequency questionnaires, and one nested case–control study evaluated hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide (HbAA) and its metabolite glycidamide (HbGA) and EOC risk; the results of these studies were inconsistent.

Methods: A nested case–control study in nonsmoking postmenopausal women (334 cases, 417 controls) was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between HbAA, HbGA, HbAA+HbGA, and HbGA/HbAA and EOC and invasive serous EOC risk.

Results: No overall associations were observed between biomarkers of acrylamide exposure analyzed in quintiles and EOC risk; however, positive associations were observed between some middle quintiles of HbGA and HbAA+HbGA. Elevated but nonstatistically significant ORs for serous EOC were observed for HbGA and HbAA+HbGA (ORQ5vsQ1, 1.91; 95% CI, 0.96–3.81 and ORQ5vsQ1, 1.90; 95% CI, 0.94–3.83, respectively); however, no linear dose–response trends were observed.

Conclusion: This EPIC nested case–control study failed to observe a clear association between biomarkers of acrylamide exposure and the risk of EOC or invasive serous EOC.

Impact: It is unlikely that dietary acrylamide exposure increases ovarian cancer risk; however, additional studies with larger sample size should be performed to exclude any possible association with EOC risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(1); 127–34. ©2015 AACR.
Superoxide Dismutase 1 Regulation of CXCR4-Mediated Signaling in Prostate Cancer Cells is Dependent on Cellular Oxidative State
Authors: Young Brent , Purcell Chad , Kuang Yi-Qun , Charette Nicholle , Dupré Denis J.
Published: November 2015

Background/Aims: CXCL12, acting via one of its G protein-coupled receptors, CXCR4, is a chemoattractant for a broad range of cell types, including several types of cancer cells. Elevated expression of CXCR4, and its ligand CXCL12, play important roles in promoting cancer metastasis. Cancer cells have the potential for rapid and unlimited growth in an area that may have restricted blood supply, as oxidative stress is a common feature of solid tumors. Recent studies have reported that enhanced expression of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a critical enzyme responsible for regulation of superoxide radicals, may increase the aggressive and invasive potential of malignant cells in some cancers. Methods: We used a variety of biochemical approaches and a prostate cancer cell line to study the effects of SOD1 on CXCR4 signaling. Results: Here, we report a direct interaction between SOD1 and CXCR4. We showed that SOD1 interacts directly with the first intracellular loop (ICL1) of CXCR4 and that the CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated regulation of AKT activation, apoptosis and cell migration in prostate cancer (PCa) cells is differentially modulated under normal versus hypoxic conditions when SOD1 is present. Conclusions: This study highlights a potential new regulatory mechanism by which a sensor of the oxidative environment could directly regulate signal transduction of a receptor involved in cancer cell survival and migration.
Common Variants in the Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) Gene Influence SHBG Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Abu-Hijleh Tala M. , Gammoh Emily , Al-Busaidi Amna S. , Malalla Zainab H. , Madan Samira , Mahmood Naeema , Almawi Wassim Y.
Published: November 2015

Background: Decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). SHBG polymorphisms associated with reduced SHBG production were tested for their association with PCOS, but with inconclusive results. We tested whether altered SHBG levels and SHBG variants were associated with PCOS. Methods: The study subjects included 242 women with PCOS and 238 control women. SHBG genotyping was done by real-time PCR. Results: Higher minor allele frequency of rs13894, rs858521 and rs727428 was seen in PCOS cases, and significant differences in rs858521 and rs727428 genotypes distribution were seen between PCOS cases and controls. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed the association of only rs727428 with PCOS. Though it was not statistically significant, serum SHBG levels were reduced according to rs727428 genotypes in PCOS cases than in controls. Carriage of rs727428 minor allele was associated with significant increases in free/bioactive testosterone in PCOS cases. Seven-locus (rs9898876-rs13894-rs858521-rs1799941-rs6257-rs6259-rs727428) haploview analysis showed increased frequency of GCCGTGA, GTCGTGA and GTCATGG, and reduced frequency of GTCGTGG haplotypes in PCOS cases than in controls, thus conferring disease susceptibility and protective nature to these haplotypes, respectively. Conclusion: Specific SHBG variants affecting serum SHBG levels and SHBG haplotypes are associated with PCOS, suggesting the role for SHBG as PCOS candidate gene.
Orbital Extension of an Unsuspected Choroidal Melanoma Presumably through an Aqueous Tube Shunt
Authors: Kiratli Hayyam , Koç İrem , Tarlan Berçin
Published: November 2015

Aims: To report a patient with unrecognized small macular melanoma, who gradually developed neovascular glaucoma that was treated with an Ahmed valve. We presume that tumor cells gained access to the orbit through this aqueous drainage device. Methods: The medical records pertaining to 5 different centers, the results of imaging studies, the clinical course of the patient and histopathological findings were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A 61-year-old man presented with a blind and painful proptotic right eye. Retinal hemorrhage had been suspected 3 years earlier and followed accordingly thereafter. Yearly performed MRI studies demonstrated the steady growth of the hemorrhagic lesion/tumor. Meanwhile, he developed neovascular glaucoma first treated unsuccessfully with cyclocryotherapy then with implantation of an Ahmed valve. Right proptosis became evident within a year, and a final MRI study revealed a large retrobulbar mass. Orbital exenteration was performed and histopathological examination showed intraocular and orbital epithelioid cell melanoma. Tumor cells were also found within the reservoir of the Ahmed valve. The patient died of widespread metastases 1 year later. Conclusions: Ahmed valve implantation in an eye with unsuspected macular choroidal melanoma may ultimately be associated with extraocular extension and orbital tumor formation.
Prevalence of Hyperkalemia in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Loutradis Charalampos , Tolika Panagiota , Skodra Alexandra , Avdelidou Afroditi , Sarafidis Pantelis A.
Published: November 2015

Background: Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-threatening disorder, usually complicating chronic kidney disease (CKD). Factors superimposed to reduced renal function are further elevating hyperkalemia risk, but their contribution is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of hyperkalemia in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with CKD. Methods: This is a nested case-control study of 180 type-2 diabetic and 180 non-diabetic patients with CKD followed in a Nephrology outpatient clinic, matched for gender, age and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Type-1 diabetes or end-stage renal disease patients were excluded. Prevalence of hyperkalemia was defined as potassium >5 mEq/l or use of sodium polystyrene sulfonate, and further by potassium >5, ≥5.2 and ≥5.5 mEq/l. It was calculated in both groups in whole and CKD stages separately. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify factors associated with hyperkalemia. Results: The prevalence of hyperkalemia was higher in diabetic CKD patients (27.2 vs. 20%, p = 0.107) and remained around 30% higher with all secondary definitions used, but never reached statistical significance. In Stage 2, no difference was noted (8.7 vs. 17.4%, p = 0.665); in Stage 3, it was significantly higher in diabetics (28.6 vs. 17.5%, p = 0.036); and in Stage 4, it was equally high in both groups (35.5 vs. 32.3%, p = 0.788). In multivariate analysis, Stage 4 CKD (OR 4.535, 95% CI 1.561-13.173), use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs; OR 2.228, 95% CI 1.254-3.958) and smoking (OR 2.254, 95% CI 1.218-4.171) were independently associated with hyperkalemia. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus was found to elevate the prevalence of hyperkalemia only in CKD Stage 3 patients (moderately impaired renal function). Advanced CKD at Stage 4 and ACEIs are major determinants of hyperkalemia occurrence.
Association of Central Versus Brachial Blood Pressure With Target-Organ Damage
Authors: Kollias Anastasios , Lagou Styliani , Zeniodi Maria Elena , Boubouchairopoulou Nadia , Stergiou George S.
Published: November 2015

Accumulating evidence suggests that central blood pressure (BP) may reflect the hemodynamic stress on target organs more accurately than brachial BP. A systematic review assessing the relationship of central versus brachial BP with preclinical target-organ damage was performed. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional data showed that central compared with brachial systolic BP was more closely associated with (1) left ventricular mass index (12 studies, n=6431; weighted age [SD], 49.9 [13.1] years; 51% hypertensives): pooled correlation coefficients
r
=0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.23–0.37 versus
r
=0.26; 95% CI, 0.19–0.33, respectively;
P
<0.01 for difference; (2) carotid intima-media thickness (7 studies, n=6136; weighted age, 55.6 [13.2] years; 48% hypertensives):
r
=0.27; 95% CI, 0.19–0.34 versus
r
=0.23; 95% CI, 0.16–0.30, respectively;
P
<0.01 for difference; (3) pulse-wave velocity (14 studies, n=3699; weighted age, 53.9 [13.3] years; 53% hypertensives):
r
=0.42; 95% CI, 0.37–0.47 versus
r
=0.39; 95% CI, 0.33–0.45, respectively;
P
<0.01 for difference. Four studies assessing urine albumin excretion (n=3718; weighted age, 56.4 [5] years; 69% hypertensives) reported similar correlations (
P
=not significant) with central (
r
=0.22; 95% CI, 0.14–0.29) and brachial systolic BP (
r
=0.22; 95% CI, 0.12–0.32). Similar findings were observed for central compared with brachial pulse pressure in terms of relationship with target-organ damage. Metaregression analyses did not reveal any significant effect of age. In conclusion, central compared with brachial BP seems to be more strongly associated with most of the investigated indices of preclinical organ damage.
Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Inhibits Angiotensin II–Induced Vascular Remodeling via Downregulation of β-Catenin
Authors: Cui Mingli , Cai Zhaohua , Chu Shichun , Sun Zhe , Wang Xiaolei , Hu Liuhua , Yi Jing , Shen Linghong , He Ben
Published: November 2015

Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the predominant effector peptide of the renin–angiotensin system. Ang II contributes to vascular remodeling in many cardiovascular diseases (eg, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, and aneurysm). Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 has a crucial role in the functional regulation of vascular cells. The objective of this study was to define the specific role of Nur77 in Ang II–induced vascular remodeling. Nur77 expression was initially found to be elevated in medial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of thoracic aortas from mice continuously infused with Ang II for 2 weeks using a subcutaneous osmotic minipump. Cellular studies revealed that Nur77 expression was upregulated by Ang II via the MAPK/PKA-CREB signaling pathway. Ang II–induced proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching were significantly enhanced in VSMCs isolated from Nur77
−/−
mice compared with wild-type VSMCs. Consistent with the role in VSMCs, we found that compared with wild-type mice, Nur77
−/−
mice had elevated aortic medial areas and luminal diameters, more severe elastin disruption and collagen deposition, increased VSMC proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase production, and decreased VSMC-specific genes SM-22α and α-actin expression, after 2 weeks of exogenous Ang II administration. The results of additional experiments suggested that Nur77 suppressed Ang II–induced β-catenin signaling pathway activation by promoting β-catenin degradation and inhibiting its transcriptional activity. Our findings indicated that Nur77 is a critical negative regulator of Ang II–induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and phenotypic switching via the downregulation of β-catenin activity. Nur77 may reduce Ang II–induced vascular remodeling involved in many cardiovascular diseases.
N‐glycome Profile Levels Relate to Silent Brain Infarcts in a Cohort of Hypertensives
Authors: Vilar‐Bergua Andrea , Riba‐Llena Iolanda , Vanhooren Valerie , Dewaele Sylviane , Libert Claude , Penalba Anna , Montaner Joan , Delgado Pilar
Published: November 2015

Background

Silent brain infarcts (
SBI
s) are highly prevalent in the aged population and relate to the occurrence of further stroke and dementia. Serum N‐glycome levels have been previously associated with aging and they might be related as well to the presence of
SBI
s and age‐related white matter hyperintensities.

Methods and Results

We determined the serum N‐glycome profile in a cohort study comprising 972 subjects and evaluated the relationship between N‐glycome levels and the presence and number of
SBI
s and with age‐related white matter hyperintensities grades, assessed by brain magnetic resonance imaging. Decreasing concentrations of bigalacto core‐α‐1,6‐fucosylated biantennary glycan and increasing concentrations of branching α‐1,3‐fucosylated triantennary glycan remained as independent predictors of
SBI
s (odds ratio 0.4, 95%
CI
0.3–0.7 and odds ratio 1.8, 95%
CI
1–3.2, respectively), after controlling for the presence of age and classic vascular risk factors. A similar pattern was found to be related to an increasing number of
SBI
s and white matter hyperintensities grade.

Conclusions

N‐glycome levels might be potentially useful as biomarkers for the presence of silent cerebrovascular disease.