bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statins: unexpected help in COVID-19
Authors: Gareeva D. F. , Musin T. I. , Pavlov V. N. , Davtyan P. A. , Ishmetov V. Sh. , Plotnikova M. R. , Pavlov A. V. , Cai Benzhi , Stricker P. , Carvalho K. , Zagidullin N. Sh.
Published: December 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a huge impact on the health of millions of people around the world on an unprecedented scale. Unfortunately, the process of creating effective antiviral drugs and vaccines is being delayed. Therefore, drugs that are already available and may have an effect on COVID-19 are being investigated. Due to the fact that viral infection often affects the cardiovascular system, causing myocardial infarction, viral myocarditis, tachyarrhythmias and stress cardiomyopathies, a theory was put forward that HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase) inhibitors (statins) can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in these patients. In recent years, this class of drugs has been proposed, including for viral infections, such as the influenza virus or MERS-CoV. The review discusses both the latest clinical data on the efficacy of statins in COVID-19 and the pleotropic mechanisms of statins that can limit the pathogenic effect of viruses. In particular, statins can act on lipid cell rafts (subdomains of the plasma membrane), decreasing their lipid concentration; limiting the interaction of the virus with the receptors of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and CD-147. Statins have an antiinflammatory effect (blocking the molecular mechanisms of inflammation, including NF-κB and NLRP3), limit the development of a “cytokine storm” in severe patients with COVID-19; can inhibit SARS-CoV-2 basic protease; influence coagulation, limit sympathetic activity and have other effects. In two large cohort observational studies (n = 96032 and n = 13981), hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who were taking statins showed a decrease in hospital mortality and mortality 28 days after the admission to the hospital. Thus, statins can play a role in the treatment of COVID-19.
Pelagic Sargassum Prediction and Marine Connectivity in the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Johnson Donald R. , Franks James S. , Oxenford Hazel A. , Cox Shelly-Ann L.
Published: December 2020

Since 2011, pelagic Sargassum has experienced extraordinary blooms in the Tropical Atlantic where a system of persistent but seasonally variable currents has retained and consolidated it in large masses. Although beneficial at sea, principally as a unique pelagic habitat, when Sargassum inundates the nearshore environment it can have catastrophic effects on tourism, fisheries, health, and local ecosystems. Providing advanced warning of arrival dates of large masses of Sargassum is critical for enabling preparations and planning for its removal, use, and mitigation. Predictions of arrival time and location involve satellite identification of Sargassum at sea together with ocean current data for forward model tracking. However, forecast ocean current data are generally valid for only 5—7 days. In this study, ocean currents from 2 models (HYCOM and OSCAR) are validated against satellite tracked drifters from the Global Drifter Program with vector correlation and with skill in replicating a drifter pathway. Various wind additions to the models are also tested. Although both models capture the surface current systems in the Tropical Atlantic, they are mediocre in performance along both boundaries. In contrast, a drifter based current data model with 0.5% wind addition had high skill levels. This skill—tested drifter—based model was then used to determine marine connectivity across the Tropical Atlantic and suggests a much broader spread of Sargassum in the eastern Tropical Atlantic than is presently observed by satellites, conforming to earlier hypotheses. This model forms the basis for seasonal scale Sargassum forecasting.
Pengembangan Buku Ajar Matematika Terintegrasi Nilai-Nilai Keislaman dalam Penanaman Karakter Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Kholil Mohammad , Usriyah Lailatul
Published: December 2020

Teaching materials is one important component in learning. Teaching material is packaged in an interesting learning resource so that it can help cultivation of character in student, especially elementary school students. At this age is the right time to instill the concept in children, especially concepts related to character. This is a challenge for teachers to be able to integrate concepts in subject matter with Islamic values that can help grow student character. Therefore, in this study the development of mathematics textbooks that integrated Islamic values in the character planting of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Zainul Hasan Balung students was carried out. The purpose of this study is 1) to explain the process of compiling mathematics textbook that integrated Islamic values for the cultivation of characters in students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Zainul Hasan Balung; and 2) Knowing the feasibility of mathematics textbooks that integrated Islamic values for the cultivation of character in students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Zainul Hasan Balung. The approach and type of research used in this study is Research and Development (RD). Research and development are a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. This research was designed using the Borg W.R. and Gall M.D. textbook development model. The development of this teaching material produces mathematics textbooks integrated Islamic values as a teacher and student companion book in learning mathematics. The resulting textbooks were tested on third grade student’s “A” of MI Zainul Hasan Balung. Trial of mathematics textbook products that integrated Islamic values to find out the attractiveness or feasibility of textbooks. From the calculations using formulas, the percentage of feasibility or attractiveness of the use of mathematics textbooks that integrated Islamic values is 84.30%. In accordance with the table of eligibility or validity shows that the results of the validation or the feasibility of developing a mathematic textbook that integrated Islamic values included in the category is very interesting
Analisis Butir Soal IPA Try Out USBN Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019 dalam Kaitannya dengan Level Kognitif
Authors: Huda Nuril , Wahyuni Tutik Sri
Published: December 2020

This research aims to: 1) find out the characteristics of the science items try out National Standar School Exams (USBN) in the academic year 2018/2019 based on Classical Test Theory (CTT); 2) find out the number of the science items try out USBN in the academic year 2018/2019 in relation to cognitive level. This type of research is a descriptive research with a quantitative approach. The data obtained was a computer answer sheet of 5022 students who took USBN try out of Elementary School 2019 on February 21, 2019 in Tulungagung Regency. The results showed that: 1) The characteristics of the science items try out USBN in the academic year 2018/2019 based on Classical Test Theory (CTT) in aspects of: a) validity of 35 items valid; b) the reliability value of 0.818 is very high; c) the level of difficulty level: 4 items (11.43%) are difficult, 9 items (25.71%) are moderate, 16 items (45.71%) are easy and 6 items (7.140%) are very easy; d) discriminating power: 3 items (8.57%) are bad, 12 items (34.29%) are good enough, 15 items (42.86%) are moderate, and 5 items (14.29%) are good; e) the quality of options: 17 items (48.57%) without revision, 9 items (25.71%) one option revision, 5 items (14.29%) 2 option revisions, and 4 items (11.43% ) wrong revision of 3 options; f) 13 items (37.14%) about the science try out USBN in the academic year 2018/2019 have quite good and good characteristics, so they can be included in the question bank; 2) items the science of  try out USBN in the academic year 2018/2019 in relationship with cognitive level, 11 items (31.43%) category L1 (knowledge), 10 items (28.57%) category L1 (understanding), 4 items (11.43%) category L2 (application), and 10 items (28.57%) category L3 (reasoning). Of the 13 items entered in the question bank with cognitive level, the science try out USBN in the academic year 2018/2019 was dominated at the cognitive level L1 (knowledge and understanding).
Profil Guru Pembelajar Di Indonesia Dalam Merespon Tantangan Pendidikan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Prastowo Andi
Published: December 2020

All sectors of community life in Indonesia, including the education sector, have been impacted by the change from the transition of the 3rd Industrial Revolution era to the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR) era, from the 20th to the 21st century. These changes have changed the paradigms, challenges and needs of teachers. However, the teacher profile that is in line with the educational needs of the 4IR Era is still being debated by academics today. This article examines the profile of teacher teachers in Indonesia in response to the needs of the 4IR era. This study uses a structured literature review research method. The findings from the study revealed that the profile of teacher-learners in Indonesia that is relevant to the challenges and needs of the 4IR Era are teachers should have a growth mindset, continue to learn and develop themselves while inspiring others to do the same. They are also having educational skills, personal skills, social skills, and professional, as well as digital skills.
Variation of Indonesian Language Teaching Techniques in Islamic Elementary School
Authors: Jannah Roudlotul
Published: December 2020

This research is aimed to identify some techniques used to teach The Indonesian language for elementary school. This qualitative research is conducted in Miftahul Ulum elementary school which is located in Kepohbaru Bojonegoro. The data collection techniques consist of interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The result shows that there are 14 techniques used in the lower level and 13 techniques in the upper level. From the varied techniques applied, there are three techniques which support listening skill development, six techniques support speaking skill development, four techniques support reading skill development, and four techniques support writing skill development. The variations of using language teaching technique have implication in mapping methods and techniques before learning is implemented. The mapping should appropriate for the students’ development phase.
Teaching Vocabulary Through Picture Cards in Islamic Elementary School A Case Study in Nida Suksa School, Thailand
Authors: Octaberlina Like Raskova , Anggarini Ida Fitri
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Nowdays, english as a subject learned in primary school level. Its because the important of english towards the student. This study was conducted aimed to know the influence of Picture Cards in teaching vocabulary to the third grade of Nida Suksa School, Thailand. The subjects of the research were students in the third grade. The researcher only took nine students in different abilities from a high level (3/1), middle level (3/2), and low level (3/3). The instrument used by the researcher was an interview. The result showed that the students still had difficulty in understanding the texts because of having a lack of vocabulary, long texts, and limited time to analyze the text in answering the question. The students studied vocabulary through Picture Cards, and they learned vocabulary tests from text book. Furthermore, the finding of this study was: Picture Cards is able to increase and enrich their vocabulary and their knowledge. The implication of Pictures Cards can motivate students to understand the text. Therefore, they can understand many texts in vocabulary tests.Keywords: Teaching Vocabulary, Picture Cards
Parents' Perspectives on Adverse Effects of Pharmacological Treatment of Depression on Parental Functioning
Authors: Boström Petra , Grundström Nicolina , Sand Peter , Strand Jennifer
Published: December 2020

Background

A substantial number of parents receive pharmacological treatment for depression. Pharmacological treatment is known to reduce symptoms, but has also various side effects.

Aim

The present study aimed to explore possible adverse effects of pharmacological treatment for depression on parental functioning.

Method

Six mothers and four fathers, diagnosed with depression, of children younger than 13 years were recruited via outpatient psychiatric clinics. Data was collected through individual semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Parents described how anxiety suppressants made them fatigued and drowsy which diminished their attention and ability to focus on the child. Moreover, antidepressants and anxiety suppressants were described to cause fatigue, emotional blunting, and restlessness, which made play and stimulation difficult. Emotional blunting, in turn, affected the parents' sense of commitment, empathy, and love for the child. Finally, parents raised concerns about child safety as hypnotics and anxiety suppressants made them unable to wake up at night.

Conclusions

Considering the substantial adverse effects described, parents of minor aged children within psychiatric care needs to be identified in order to offer systematic follow-ups of the effects of pharmacological treatment on parental functioning, and to make adjustments that are feasible from a parent and child perspective.
Establishing Self-World-Relations in Socio-Religious Practices. Looking at Roman Religious Communication
Authors: Rüpke Jörg
Published: December 2020

Partiendo de la noción de religión como comunicación y resonancia, este artículo analiza los detalles y las variedades de la comunicación religiosa en la antigua Roma. Ampliar el foco de atención tradicional en el “sacrificio” admitiendo que sacra facere era mucho más que “sacrificar” nos permite utilizar la abundante documentación que atestigua las múltiples facetas, relaciones pragmáticas y asociaciones cognitivas de los rituales para analizar las relaciones entre el mundo y el yo individual que se establecen en la ejecución de tales ceremonias. El artículo aborda el ritual religioso como una relación triangular entre los agentes humanos (tanto en papeles activos como pasivos), sus receptores “especiales” o “divinos” y los animales u objetos empleados en dicha comunicación no simplemente de manera casual, sino como elementos constitutivos de la misma. Sostiene, además, que las prácticas religiosas tienen una cualidad relacional específica que las hace particularmente importantes para establecer relaciones, poniendo en primer plano el carácter reflexivo y auto-observante de estas prácticas “intensificadas”. Con este telón de fondo, el cuerpo del estudio investiga las numerosas asociaciones e implicaciones conceptuales y materiales del ritual religioso romano, defendiendo así la maleabilidad individual y cultural de las relaciones rituales. Se construye un marco heurístico dentro del cual es posible afirmar que las relaciones entre el mundo y el yo se establecen y se vuelven habituales en prácticas que se caracterizan por incluir destinatarios no incuestionablemente plausibles y, en consecuencia, por ser más intensamente mediatizadas y más autorreflexivas que muchas otras prácticas sociales.
Rural Rites in Ovid’s Fasti
Authors: Hirt Maria
Published: December 2020

Este estudio analiza la presentación de los festivales rurales en los Fasti de Ovidio aplicando el concepto de “lived ancient religion”, especialmente la idea de apropiación individual de normas, acciones y creencias religiosas. Como obra literaria, los Fasti se inspiran en material de otros poetas augusteos y se apropian de él en favor de la composición literaria, particularmente dentro del contexto del calendario religioso romano. En el caso de los festivales rurales presentados en los Fasti, esta apropiación se observa, por ejemplo, en el tratamiento de la importancia de la paz para la vida rural. En los Fasti, las escenas rurales idealizadas no son objeto de deseo por parte del narrador, al contrario de lo que sucede, por ejemplo, en las elegías de Tibulo. En su lugar, la paz descrita es identificada con la Pax Augusta y el autor expresa su gratitud hacia el emperador que hace posible que los campesinos participantes en los festivales puedan disfrutar de dicha paz. De esta manera, los festivales rurales se relacionan con las políticas urbanas y con el calendario festivo urbano. En los Fasti, las comunidades rurales y urbanas que celebran los festivales no están aisladas una de la otra, puesto que comparten las mismas circunstancias (la Pax Augusta) y las mismas emociones (alegría y gratitud) y forman así una comunidad emocional.
The Thesean Ritual Landscape. Appropriation, Identity and Athenian Collective Memories
Authors: Cassell Ben S.
Published: December 2020

Un aspecto clave del crecimiento exponencial de la popularidad de Teseo entre los siglos VI y IV a.C. fue su creciente asociación con varios festivales y actos ritualizados. Fue especialmente el episodio de la aventura cretense el que dio forma a estos ritos. En sus reivindicadas y enfatizadas etiologías teseicas, estos festivales se revelan como mecanismos esenciales mediante los cuales se generaba la memoria cultural colectiva del héroe. Más allá de abordar simplemente el ritual como un objeto de expresión mnemónica, este artículo analiza los métodos contingentes y reconstructivos mediante los que se produce la memoria colectiva. Además, al examinar la experiencia corporeizada del recuerdo de Teseo, podemos valorar sobre un terreno mucho más firme su potencia creadora de diversas identidades atenienses.
Rituals and Habitus in the Ancient World. An Introduction
Authors: Begemann Elisabeth , Rieger Anna-Katharina , Rüpke Jörg , Spickermann Wolfgang , Waldner Katharina
Published: December 2020

Introducción
Disrupsi Nilai Keagamaan dalam Dakwah Virtual di Media Sosial Sebagai Komodifikasi Agama di Era Digital
Authors: Rustandi L. Rudy
Published: December 2020

In addition to being a necessity, the phenomenon of online social media usage of the community has its own complexity in a community order.  Facebook is one of the online social media that is on the platform initially intended for virtual social networking. The goal began to shift as the community needs and social media development itself. People have used it to achieve economic, social and even religious objectives. This research aims to know deeply the meaning behind the phenomenon disruption religious value on social media Facebook. The methods used in these study used qualitative methods. While the approach in this study used a thick description theory approach presented by Clifford Greetz. The results gained in this study were in-depth descriptions of the social dynamics of the community on Islamic ideology and political conflicts in Indonesia.
Kultivasi Budaya Pemuda Kubu dalam Hutan-hutan Dharmasraya Sumatera Barat
Authors: Arrozy Ahmad , Titis Nenan Angenani , Prastowo Fuji Riang
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe changes in the culture of youth Kubu in Dharmasraya Forest, West Sumatra. Bulangan forest was a place of origin and home for the Kubu community. The expansion of the oil palm company againts Bulangan Forest caused the Kubu community to move to Padang Hilalang forest and started to develop shifting cultivation. Nomad tradition (Melangun) began to be replaced because of Kubu community loss forest as living space due to the palm oil industry mechanism. The results of the study showed that there was a change in the forests which were the native habitat of the Kubu community. It made communal compulsion that it was necessary to continue swidden agriculture.  The economic transactions with the other communities are one of the accesses of the Kubu youth to interact with the outside of the forest, but at the same time seize the continuity tradition and the living space the young Kubu. This cultural research uses observational data and grounded theory methods based on the conceptualization of anthropological Kubu pioneered by Gerard Persoon (1989).
Inculcating Multicultural Education Through the Development of Religious Culture in Junior High School (SMP) Negeri 7 Mataram
Authors: Maimun Maimun
Published: December 2020

Multicultural education can be used as a media for the development of equal human potential, able to respect each other's differences in terms of religion, tribe, race, ethnicity, culture, and language. This study focuses on: (1) How is the concept of multicultural education through the development of religious culture in SMP Negeri 7 Mataram ?; and (2) What is the reality of multicultural education and religious culture developed in SMP Negeri 7 Mataram? This type of research is descriptive qualitative, describing the concepts and reality of the implementation of multicultural education with the development of religious culture. The results of this study are (1) The concept of Multicultural Education with the development of religious culture adapted to the vision, mission, and profile of the school that is building religious attitudes and behaviors that are reflected through cooperation, tolerance and culture in the community of school members by not ignoring religious concepts that embraced by each school citizen; and (2) The reality of multicultural education with the development of religious culture is reflected in the religious and social values ​​or norms of the activities of all school members, and the availability of adequate places of worship for students who are implementing religious programs for all religious adherents.
Translation Shifts in English-Indonesian Versions of Holy Quran Surah Az-Zalzalah
Authors: Algifari Rizki , Lestiono Riski
Published: December 2020

Translation shift is a part that is not far from what is referred to the notion of translation and constitutes a process in translating which aims to find the equivalent meaning between SL and TL. It is caused by the rules that every language has. Translation shifts are divided into 2 types that are category shift and level shift. Furthermore, category shifts fall into 4 categories which are structure shift, unit shift, class shift, and intra system shift. This current study aimed 1) to investigate the types of translation shift which are found in the English and Indonesian translation versions of the Holy Quran of Surah Az-Zalzalah and 2) to discover the most dominant shift appearing in the English and Indonesian translation versions of the Holy Quran of Surah Az-Zalzalah. To answer the quest, the design used in this study was qualitative. This study has affirmed that, except structure shift, there are 3 types of shifts belonging to the category shift found namely: class shift, unit shift, and intra-system shift. To wrap up, this study has revealed that not all category shifts and level shift are found in the Indonesian-English translation version of surah Az-Zalzalah.

Pergeseran bentuk (translation shift) merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari proses penerjemahan dan bertujuan untuk menemukan bentuk yang paling sesuai untuk memadankan makna dari bahasa sumber ke bahasa sasaran. Fenomena pergeseran ini disebabkan adanya perbedaan tata bahasa. Translation shift dibagi menjadi dua tipe, yaitu pergeseran kategori (category shift) dan pergeseran tingkat (level shift). Lebih lanjut, pergeseran kategori dibagi menjadi 4, yaitu pergeseran struktur (structure shift), pergeseran unit (unit shift), pergeseran kelas kata (class shift), dan pergeseran intrasistem (intra system shift). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menemukan bentuk-bentuk translation shift  dalam versi dwibahasa (Bahasa Inggris dan Bahasa Indonesia) Al-Quran Surat Az-Zalzalah, serta 2) menemukan pergeseran yang paling dominan dalam proses penerjemahan versi dwibahasa Al-Quran Surat Az-Zalzalah. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian kualitatif. Temuan penelitian ini adalah 3 bentuk pergeseran kategori yaitu: class shift, unit shift, dan intra system shift. Tidak ditemukan adanya pergeseran kategori berjenis pergeseran struktur. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa tidak semua bentuk translation shift ditemukan dalam versi dwibahasa Al-Quran Surat Az-Zalzalah.
Konstruksi Sufistik Pendidikan Multikultural Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan
Authors: Syaifuddin Helmi , Salis Rahmatullah , Mafrudlo Ahmad Mahfudzi
Published: December 2020

The aim of this research is to comprehensively understand the sufistic construction and the construction patterns of Sufistic values ​​in multicultural education. This study uses a qualitative method which stand on Peter L.Berger's social construction theory. The results of this study is that the construction, took place at the University of Yudharta Pasuruan was assisted by the vision and mission of the tertiary institution which became the perspective of the performance of the entire academic communities. On the other hand it is also based on understanding, awareness and transformation of knowledge. The dialectical entity of social construction theory runs perfectly, the entities are Externalization, Objectivation, and Internalization. Multicultural activities and behaviors are formed by and on the basis of mutually agreed understanding of religious texts, the teachings of the tarekat and the transformation of science in the classroom. The construction process which consists of habituation, institutionalization, and legitimacy helps the implementation of all multicultural behaviors and activities of the academics of Yudharta Pasuruan University.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui secara comprehensive konstruksi sufistik dan pola konstruksi nilai-nilai sufistik dalam pendidikan multikultural. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berdasarkan teori konstruksi sosial Peter L.Berger. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa konstruksi yang terjadi di Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan dibantu oleh visi misi perguruan tinggi yang menjadi cara pandang kinerja seluruh civitas akademika. Di lain hal juga didasarkan dari pemahaman, kesadaran dan transformasi ilmu. Entitas dialektika teori konstruksi sosial berjalan dengan sempurna, entitas tersebut adalah Eksternalisasi, Objektivasi, dan Internalisasi. Aktifitas dan perilaku multikultural terbentuk oleh dan atas dasar pemahaman yang disetujui bersama dari teks agama, ajaran tarekat dan transformasi ilmu di dalam kelas. Proses konstruksi yang terdiri dari pembiasaan, institusionalisasi, dan legitimasi membantu implementasi seluruh perilaku dan aktifitas multikultural para civitas akademika Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan.
COMMON ERROR IN USE CONJUNCTION IN WRITING
Authors: Najamuddin Najamuddin
Published: December 2020

Conjunction is used to make a sentence which having the cohesion and coherence in text. The absence of the right conjunction will result in having illogical meaning, and the message. Because of the important role of conjunctions in the writing process, this study aims to reveal the students’ common errors on the use of conjunction in their writing, and investigate types of errors that occur most frequently in students’ writing.

This part contains the necessary conjunction In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated CONJ or CNJ) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjoining construction. The term discourse marker is mostly used for conjunctions joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a “conjunction” must be defined for each language. In general, a conjunction is an invariable grammatical particle and it may or may not stand between the items in a conjunction.

A knowledge of words, phrases, clauses is essential to good writing and speaking, but it doesn’t mean neglected the other part of grammar. The correction of writing and speaking is to concentrate on what we are saying rather than on how we are saying it.
PEMANFAATAN PROGRAM APLIKASI GOOGLE CLASSROOM SEBAGAI UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PADA PERKULIAHAN DASAR-DASAR KEPENDIDIKAN
Authors: Ali Lalu Usman , Zaini Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) meningkatkan motivasi belajar mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan dasar-dasar kependidikan melalui pemanfatan program google classroom, (2) meningkatkan prestasi belajar mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan dasar-dasar kependidikan melalui pemanfatan program google classroom, dan (3) mendeskripsikan tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap pemanfatan program google classroom pada perkuliahan dasar-dasar kependidikan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Masing-masing siklus mencakup 4 tahapan yaitu perencanaan tindakan, pelaksanaan tindakan, evaluasi, dan refleksi. Hasil yang diperoleh pada siklus I yaitu rerata prestasi belajar mahasiswa sebesar 6,4 dengan presentase kelulusan sebesar 75,8 % Dan presentase ketidaklulusan sebesar 24,2 %, serta rerata motivasi belajar mahasiswa sebesar 77,5 dengan kategori positif. Hasil pada siklus II menunjukkan rerata prestasi belajar mahasiswa adalah 84,1 dengan presenase kelulusan sebesar 97,0 % dan presentase ketidaklulusan sebesar 3,0 % serta motivasi belajar mahasiswa sebesar 79,9 dengan kategori positif. Disamping itu, hasil penyebaran angket menunjukkan bahwa tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap pemanfaaatan google classroom sebesar 79,4 dengan kategori positif
Poland’s Migration Policy: Formation of Paradigm (1989–2019)
Authors: Vedeneeva V.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the development of Poland’s migration policy from the late 1980s until the present time. The transformation of this policy took place in direct proportion to socio-economic and political changes in the country. The first period was related to the beginning of a systemic transformation in Poland and understanding of the need for conceptual approaches to the problem of migration. During these years, the priorities of the migration policy were to ensure the country’s security, as well as to facilitate the access of Poles to the international labor market. The next stage was characterized by preparations for Poland’s accession to the EU. At this time, there was a gradual “Europeanization” of Polish law into which EU directives were implemented. Meanwhile, preliminary work began on the development of basic principles of the Poland’s migration policy. In the third stage, these basic principles were harmonized with European legislation, with priority given to solving national problems, especially in the economy which began to experience a shortage of labor. A number of EU directives concerning labor migrants were implemented in Polish legislation. There was also some liberalization of the access to the Polish labor market for foreigners from third countries – the citizens of six post-Soviet states: Belarus, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, Armenia and Georgia. During this period, there were changes in the policy of repatriation of ethnic Poles living outside the country. The fourth period includes ongoing changes related to the response to domestic challenges. The further evolution of the Poland’s migration policy and its format are largely determined by such factors as intensification of a negative demographic trend, the direct result of which is an acute shortage of labor and, therefore, high demand for foreign labor, that is growth in labor migration. The answer to these challenges is the development of a new migration strategy.
German Federal Republic and Crisis in Syria: Active Mediator or Passive Observer?
Authors: Pavlov N. , Khderi K.
Published: December 2020

During the Cold War, the involvement of the Federal Republic of Germany into the settlement of regional conflicts was insignificant. The situation started to change after German reunification which lead to the increase in Germany’s role in the international arena. Political, diplomatic and economic instruments started to belong to the main features of German foreign policy in the region and created a positive image among the Arab countries. Today, at first sight, the Middle East does not belong to the top priorities of German foreign policy. However, in the foreign policy hierar¬chy, the region is among the top three after Europe and the United States, ahead of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Berlin’s increased focus on the Middle East is determined by a number of factors. Among them are German historical responsibility towards Jewish people and obligation to ensure Israel’s right to existence and security; dependence of the German economy on energy resources from the Arab countries; region’s proximity to Europe, and such arising threats as terrorism, illegal migration and regional conflicts. In its turn, regional conflicts are a unique opportunity for the Federal Republic of Germany to declare itself as an international mediator and to participate in peace processes on an equal footing with such world powers as the United States of America, Russian Federation or the People’s Republic of China. Maneuvering between the Arab countries and Israel, the United States and the European partners as well as explosive situation in the region lead to decreased efficiency of German policy towards the Arab countries. In such circumstances, is Berlin ready to assume the role of international mediator in this constantly sensitive region, or would it prefer to remain a passive observer? The analysis of Germany’s policy in the region in the context of the Syrian crisis will help to answer the above stated question.
Modesty and Security: Attributes Associated With Comfort and Willingness to Engage in Telelactation
Authors: Louis-Jacques Adetola F. , Schafer Ellen J. , Livingston Taylor A. , Logan Rachel G. , Marhefka Stephanie L.
Published: December 2020

The objectives were to identify conditions under which mothers may be willing to use telelactation and explore associations between participant characteristics, willingness, and beliefs regarding telelactation use. Mothers 2-8 weeks postpartum were recruited from two Florida maternal care sites and surveyed to assess demographics, breastfeeding initiation, and potential telelactation use. Analyses included descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. Of the 88 participants, most were white, married, earned less than $50,000 per year, had access to technology, and were willing to use telelactation if it was free (80.7%) or over a secure server (63.6%). Fifty-six percent were willing to use telelactation if it involved feeding the baby without a cover, but only 45.5% were willing if their nipples may be seen. Those with higher odds of willingness to use telelaction under these modesty conditions were experienced using videochat, white, married, and of higher income. Mothers with security concerns had six times the odds of being uncomfortable with telelactation compared to mothers without concerns. While telelactation can improve access to critical services, willingness to use telelactation may depend on conditions of use and sociodemographics. During the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, these findings offer important insights for lactation professionals implementing virtual consultations.
Elevated Proportions of Activated NK Cells at Diagnosis Predict a Favourable Prognosis in Glioblastoma Patients
Authors: Lobinger Dominik , Gempt Jens , Sievert Wolfgang , Barz Melanie , Schmitt Sven , Nguyen Huyen , Stangl Stefan , Werner Caroline , Wang Fei , Wu Zhiyuan , Fan Hengyi , Zanth Hannah , Shevtsov Maxim , Pilz Matthias , Riederer Isabelle , Schwab Melissa , Schlegel Juergen , Multhoff Gabriele
Published: December 2020

Despite rapid progress in the treatment of many cancers, glioblastoma remains a devastating disease with dismal prognosis. Recombinant heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and IL-2 stimulate the cytolytic activity of NK cells against a large variety of highly aggressive human tumor cells presenting Hsp70 on their cell surface. Therefore, the intra- and extracellular Hsp70 expression was determined in gliomas together with activatory NK cell receptors which are known to interact with membrane-bound Hsp70 (mHsp70). All gliomas are mHsp70-positive and high grade gliomas overexpress Hsp70 in the nucleus and cytosol. Significantly increased extracellular Hsp70 levels are detected predominantly in glioblastomas with large necrotic areas. Overall survival (OS) is improved in patients with low Hsp70 serum levels indicating that high Hsp70 expression levels are associated with unfavorable prognosis. Progression-free survival (PFS) in glioblastoma patients correlates with elevated proportions of activated NK cells (CD56+/CD94+, CD3-/CD69+) at diagnosis. The stimulation of these NK cells in vivo might be related to the presence pro-inflammatory cytokines and the Danger Associated Pattern Molecule (DAMP) Hsp70 in the circulation. Of caution, glucocorticoid therapy reduces the prevalence of activated NK cells. In summary, elevated frequencies of activated NK cells at diagnosis predict a more favorable prognosis in glioblastoma patients.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Hospitalized Cases in Catalonia During the 2017-2018 Season
Authors: Acosta Lesly , Soldevila Nuria , Torner Nuria , Martínez Ana , Ayneto Xavier , Rius Cristina , Jane Mireia , Dominguez Angela
Published: December 2020

Seasonal flu is a common cause of hospital admission, especially in populations with comorbidities or extreme ages. The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of influenza vaccination in hospitalized laboratory confirmed influenza cases (HLCI). A retrospective case-to-case study of HLCI adults in Catalonia, during the 2017-2018 season was carried out. Differences in means, proportions, factors associated with vaccine effectiveness (VE) and intensive care unit (ICU) were assessed by t-test, Chi-squared test, logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression, accordingly. A total of 1414 HLCI aged 18 years and older were included in the analysis, 465 (33%) vaccinated, (of these 94% were ≥ 60 yrs.), 804 (56.9%) were men, 61% were type B influenza and 15.1% required ICU admission. An age of 60 or older was associated with lower ICU admission (OR 0.44; 95%CI 0.32-0.61; <0.001). Mean length of hospital stay (LOS) and ICU stay (LICS) did not differ significantly between vaccinated and unvaccinated, although ICU admission proportion did (11.2% in vaccinated vs. 17.1% in unvaccinated). A longer hospital stay was observed in those patients being admitted to ICU being 22.4 (SD 20.3) days vs 11.1(SD14.4) days (p<0,001) for those not admitted to ICU. Being vaccinated avoids ICU admission, aOR of 69% (95%CI 0.49-0.99; 0.04). Considering types A and B jointly, VE to avoid ICU admission was 31% (95%CI 1-52). For type B virus only, VE was 25% (95%CI 18-51). Annual influenza vaccination can reduce the need of admission to ICU in cases of laboratory confirmed influenza virus infections. A shorter mean hospital stay was observed in vaccinated cases, but the result is not statistically significant.
Superhydrophilic Coating of Pine Wood by Plasma Functionalization of Self-Assembled Polystyrene Spheres
Authors: Dahle Sebastian , Meuthen John , Gustus René , Prowald Alexandra , Viöl Wolfgang , Maus-Friedrichs Wolfgang
Published: December 2020

Self-assembling films typically used for colloidal lithography have been applied to pine wood substrates to change the surface wettability. Therefore, monodisperse polystyrene (PS) spheres have been deposited onto a rough pine wood substrate via dip coating. The resulting PS sphere film resembled a polycrystalline FCC-like structure with typical domain sizes of 5 – 15 single spheres. This self-assembled coating was further functionalized via an O2 plasma. This plasma treatment strongly influenced the particle sizes in the outermost layer, and hydroxyl as well as carbonyl groups were introduced to the PS spheres’ surfaces, thus generating a superhydrophilic behaviour.
Failure Analysis in Lithium-Ion Battery Production with FMEA-Based Large-Scale Bayesian Network
Authors: Kirchhof Michael , Haas Klaus , Kornas Thomas , Thiede Sebastian , Hirz Mario , Herrmann Christoph
Published: December 2020

The production of lithium-ion battery cells is characterized by a high degree of complexit due to numerous cause-effect relationships between process characteristics. Knowledge about the multi-stage production is spread among several experts, rendering tasks such as failure analysis challenging. In this paper, a method is presented, which includes expert knowledge acquisition in production ramp-up by combining Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) with a Bayesian Network. We show the effectiveness of this holistic method by building up a large scale, cross-process Bayesian Failure Network in lithium-ion battery production. Using this model, we are able to conduct root cause analyses as well as analyses of failure propagation. The former support operators in identifying root causes once a cell possesses a specific failure by calculating most-probable explanations matched to the individual battery cell data. The latter enable us to analyze propagation of failures and deviations in the production chain and thus provide support for placement of quality gates, leading to a significant reduction in scrap rate. Moreover, it gives an insight into which process steps are key drivers for which final product characteristics.
Minimum Relevant features to Obtain Explainable Systems for Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Using the Statlog Dataset
Authors: Porto Roberto , Molina Jose M. , Berlanga Antonio , Patricio Miguel A.
Published: December 2020

Learning systems have been very focused on creating models that are capable of obtaining the best results in error metrics. Recently, the focus has shifted to improvement in order to interpret and explain their results. The need for interpretation is greater when these models are used to support decision making. In some areas this becomes an indispensable requirement, such as in medicine. This paper focuses on the prediction of cardiovascular disease by analyzing the well-known Statlog (Heart) Data Set from the UCI’s Automated Learning Repository. This study will analyze the cost of making predictions easier to interpret by reducing the number of features that explain the classification of health status versus the cost in accuracy. It will be analyzed on a large set of classification techniques and performance metrics. Demonstrating that it is possible to make explainable and reliable models that have a good commitment to predictive performance.
Relationship of Trace Metal Covariates and pH Distribution in Groundwater within Gold mining and Non-Gold mining Areas in Ghana
Authors: Armah Frederick , Paintsil Arnold , Adu Michael , Yawson David Oscar , Odoi Justice
Published: December 2020

One of the most important defining characteristics of groundwater quality is pH as it fundamentally controls the amount and chemical form of many organic and inorganic solutes in groundwater. Groundwater data are frequently characterized by a wide degree of variability of the factors which possibly influence pH distribution. For this reason, it is challenging to link the spatio-temporal dynamics of pH to a single environmental factor by the ordinary least squares regression technique of the conditional mean. In this study, quantile regression was used to estimate the response of pH to nine environmental factors (As, Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and nitrates). Results of 25%, 50%, 75% quantile regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression were compared. The standard regression of the conditional means (OLS) underestimated the rates of change of pH due to the selected factors in comparison with the regression quantiles. The effect of arsenic increased for sampling locations with higher pH values (higher quantiles) likewise the influence of Pb and Mn. However, the effects of Cd and Fe decreased for sampling locations in higher quantiles. It can be concluded that these detected heterogeneities would be missed if this study had focused exclusively on the conditional means of the pH values. Consequently, quantile regression provides a more comprehensive account of possible spatio-temporal relationships between environmental covariates in groundwater. This study is one of the first to apply this technique on groundwater systems in sub-Saharan Africa. The approach is useful and interesting and has broad application for other mining environments especially tropical low-income countries where climatic conditions can drive rapid cycling or transformations of pollutants. It is also pertinent to geopolitical contexts where regulatory; monitoring and management capacities are weak and where mining pollution of groundwater largely occur.
Consumer Preferences for Meathybrids - Empiricalfindings from Belgium
Authors: Profeta Adriano , Baune Marie-Christin , Smetana Sergiy , Broucke Keshia , Van Royen Gert , Weiß Jochen , Heinz Volker , Terjung Nino
Published: December 2020

High levels of meat consumption are increasingly being criticised for ethical, environmental, and social reasons. Plant-based meat substitutes have been identified as healthy sources of protein in comparison to meat. This alternative offers several social, environmental and health benefits and may play a role in reducing meat consumption. However, there has been a lack of research on how specific meat substitute attributes can influence consumers to replace or partially replace meat in their diets. Research demonstrates that in many countries consumers are highly attached to meat. They consider it as an essential and integral element of their daily diet. For these consumers which are not interested in vegan or vegetarian alternatives to meat, so-called meathybrids could be a low-threshold option for a more sustainable food consumption behaviour. In meathybrids only a fraction of the meat product (e.g. 20% to 50%) is replaced with plant-based proteins. In this paper, the results of an online survey with 501 Belgium consumers are presented with focus on preferences and attitudes relating to meathyrids. The results show that more than fifty percent of consumers substitute meat at least occasionally. Thus, about half of the respondents reveal an eligible consumption behaviour in respect to sustainability and healthiness to a certain degree. Concerning the determinants of choosing either meathybrid or meat it becomes evident that a strong effect is exerted by the health perception. The healthier meathybrids are perceived, the higher is the choice probability. Thus, this egoistic motive seems to outperform altruistic motives like animal welfare or environmental concerns when it comes to choice for this new product category.