bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calorimetria indireta na monitoração hemodinâmica e metabólica em cães sob diferentes situações hemodinâmicas
Authors: Gehrcke M. I. , Regalin D. , Ronchi S. J. , Comassetto F. , Moraes A. N. , Oleskovicz N.
Published: November 2015

RESUMOA monitoração do estado hemodinâmico visa ao equilíbrio entre a oferta e a demanda de oxigênio tecidual. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a utilização da calorimetria indireta (CI) frente à termodiluição (TD) em cães sob diferentes estados hemodinâmicos. Utilizaram-se nove cães pesando 19,6±1,3kg, os quais foram anestesiados com isofluorano a 1,4V% (Basal), submetidos à ventilação mecânica (VM) e estados hipodinâmico (Hipo), com isofluorano a 3,5V%, e hiperdinâmico (Hiper), com dobutamina a 5µg/kg/min. Utilizou-se um cateter de Swan-Ganz para aferição do índice cardíaco (IC) por TD, cálculo do consumo de oxigênio pelo método de Fick (VO2Fick) e para coleta de sangue venoso central e misto. Com a CI, obtiveram-se os valores de consumo de oxigênio (VO2), produção de CO2(VCO2) e expirado de CO2 (EtCO2). Para a determinação do IC por CI, utilizou-se o princípio de Fick com os valores de VO2 e os sangues arteriais e venosos misto (Fickmix) ou central (Fickvc), e pela relação dos valores de VCO2 e EtCO2(FickCO2). A análise estatística compreendeu os testes de Dunnet, para diferença entre as fases, e Tukey, para diferenças entre os métodos (P≤0,05). Foram realizadas as análises de correlação de Pearson e de concordância de Bland-Altman. A CI forneceu valores de VO230 a 40% maiores que VO2Fick, mas identificou a redução no VO2 após a VM e Hipo, o que não ocorreu com VO2Fick. Os valores de VCO2diminuíram nas fases VM e Hipo. Houve redução do IC na fase Hipo com todos os métodos e aumento na fase Hiper com TD e Fickvc. Os valores de IC pelos métodos de Fickmixe Fickvc foram maiores que TD em todos os momentos, e FickCO2foi menor que TD na fase Hiper. Nenhum dos métodos apresentou concordância e correlação com a TD. Conclui-se que a CI pode ser utilizada na mensuração do VO2 e VCO2 de cães sob diferentes estados hemodinâmicos. Contudo, embora seja possível a identificação dos diferentes estados hemodinâmicos, os valores de IC não podem ser comparados à termodiluição.
MARKETING DE RELACIONAMENTO (CRM): ESTADO DA ARTE, REVISÃO BIBLIOMÉTRICA DA PRODUÇÃO NACIONAL DE PRIMEIRA LINHA, INSTITUCIONALIZAÇÃO DA PESQUISA NO BRASIL E AGENDA DE PESQUISA
Authors: DEMO GISELA , FOGAÇA NATASHA , PONTE VALTER , FERNANDES THAIS , CARDOSO HUMBERTO
Published: November 2015

RESUMOJá é consensual entre os principais autores da área de customer relationship management (CRM) ou marketing de relacionamento, a relevância da gestão estratégica do relacionamento entre as organizações e seus clientes, especialmente em um contexto de competitividade recrudescente. Destarte, este estudo enseja desenhar um panorama dos estudos sobre CRM, apresentando os resultados de uma revisão bibliométrica que abrange sínteses do estado da arte e dos estudos empíricos produzidos em periódicos nacionais de primeira linha (≥ Qualis Capes B1), no período compreendido entre 2001 e 2013, para destacar a produção no novo milênio. Tal análise permitiu o delineamento de uma agenda de pesquisa, bem como a institucionalização da pesquisa sobre CRM no Brasil. As informações extraídas dos artigos para análise foram: nome do periódico, ano de publicação, enquadramento do estudo, instituições de origem dos autores dos estudos e assuntos mais estudados dentro do tema CRM. No caso de estudos teórico- -empíricos, selecionaram-se os seguintes dados: a natureza do estudo, o setor em que a empresa pesquisada se insere, o ramo de atuação, os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados pelos pesquisadores e os métodos de análises de dados realizadas. Foram encontrados 52 artigos. As revistas REAd, RAC e Faces são as que possuem mais artigos publicados sobre CRM, sendo a USP a instituição que liderou as publicações no período analisado. O CRM no contexto business-to- -consumer (B2C) e suas variáveis correlatas (por exemplo, satisfação e lealdade) foram os assuntos mais trabalhados nos artigos, cuja maioria constituiu-se em trabalhos teórico-empíricos, de natureza quantitativa e com foco no setor privado da economia, mormente nos ramos bancário e varejista. Os resultados engendrados apontaram, de fato, a relevância estratégica para as organizações dos estudos sobre CRM, o que foi demonstrado por um patente aumento no interesse de pesquisadores, considerando a criação de grupos de pesquisa sobre CRM no Brasil e os indicadores de produção científica, técnica e de assessoria da base de dados da Plataforma Lattes.
Insight in bipolar disorder: a comparison between mania, depression and euthymia using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders
Authors: Silva Rafael de Assis da , Mograbi Daniel C. , Camelo Evelyn V. M. , Bifano Jaqueline , Wainstok Mayra , Silveira Luciana Angélica Silva , Cheniaux Elie
Published: November 2015

Objective: To evaluate whether having general insight into bipolar disorder and its symptoms is affected by the mood state of the patient, using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders, a hetero-application scale for people with mood disorders.Methods: Ninety-five patients with bipolar disorder were evaluated and divided into different groups according to the mood state presented during assessment (i.e., euthymia, mania and depression). Sociodemographic and clinical data (Hamilton Depression Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Clinical Global Impressions Scale) were recorded. Insight was evaluated using the Insight Scale for Affective Disorders.Results: Patients with bipolar disorder in mania show less insight about their condition than patients in depression or euthymia, and less insight about their symptoms than patients with depression, with the exception of awareness of weight change.Conclusions: Loss of insight during mania may have important implications for treatment compliance and adherence and needs to be taken into account in the clinical management of people with bipolar disorder.
Coordenação e controlo de movimentos musicais e desportivos: visão dinâmica da cognição e ação
Authors: Dias Gonçalo
Published: November 2015

Resumo:Este artigo estuda a coordenação e controlo de movimentos desportivos e musicais emergindo essencialmente da ação do executante, da tarefa e do envolvimento onde esta tem lugar. Para tal, numa visão dinâmica, conclui-se que o cérebro é apenas mais um elemento no controlo deste processo, não tendo nenhum papel hierarquicamente dominante.
Usabilidade de espaleiras de violino e viola
Authors: Kothe Fausto , Teixeira Clarissa Stefani , Felden Érico Pereira Gomes , Merino Eugenio Andrés Díaz
Published: November 2015

ResumoOs atributos necessários para o desenvolvimento de produtos podem ser avaliados e verificados por meio da usabilidade. No caso dos músicos de violino e viola, acessórios como a espaleira são necessários para melhorar o posicionamento, minimizar a tensão muscular na região do pescoço e liberar a mão esquerda para a digitação das notas. Mesmo assim, problemas como queixas musculoesqueléticas são indicados na literatura. Este estudo avaliou as espaleiras utilizadas por 10 músicos de uma orquestra, por meio dos princípios de usabilidade, e investigar a percepção dos músicos relacionada à satisfação, eficácia e eficiência das espaleiras, por meio de questionários com perguntas abertas. As problemáticas estão relacionadas à usabilidade, sendo as espaleiras consideradas eficazes para as práticas instrumentais, precisando ser mais eficientes, fazendo com que a correta postura seja mantida e que menores ocorrências musculoesqueléticas sejam geradas em função dos ajustes inadequados dos acessórios.
Considerações Sobre a Esperança em Rousseau
Authors: Soares Telmir de Souza
Published: November 2015

RESUMO:A Carta a Voltaire representa, entre outras coisas, a resposta de Rousseau às críticas feitas pelo filósofo francês ao Segundo discurso. Se o Discurso, segundo Voltaire, deveria ser considerado como uma peça contra o gênero humano, o Poema sobre o terremoto de Lisboa poderia ser lido, segundo Rousseau, como um libelo contra a providência. Nesse sentido, a Carta oportuniza ao pensador genebrino afirmar sua crença na providência e no otimismo, elementos fundamentais que são a base da esperança. A esperança, em Rousseau, se liga tanto ao sentimento quanto à razão: fundada na providência e no otimismo, ela acalenta nosso coração face às adversidades da vida, informando-nos que tudo vai bem com o todo. A esperança se relaciona à existência, à minha existência no agora; a esperança, em Rousseau, ajuda a viver no hoje, por isso ele reclama de Voltaire a transformação da esperança em engodo. Em suma, em Rousseau, a esperança está ligada ao presente e ao futuro, à razão e ao sentimento, e, em poucas palavras, à própria busca pela felicidade.
Update on diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Baddini-Martinez José , Baldi Bruno Guedes , Costa Cláudia Henrique da , Jezler Sérgio , Lima Mariana Silva , Rufino Rogério
Published: November 2015

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a type of chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia, of unknown etiology, which is associated with a progressive decrease in pulmonary function and with high mortality rates. Interest in and knowledge of this disorder have grown substantially in recent years. In this review article, we broadly discuss distinct aspects related to the diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We list the current diagnostic criteria and describe the therapeutic approaches currently available, symptomatic treatments, the action of new drugs that are effective in slowing the decline in pulmonary function, and indications for lung transplantation.
Diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration in various lung diseases
Authors: Ortakoylu Mediha Gonenc , Iliaz Sinem , Bahadir Ayse , Aslan Asuman , Iliaz Raim , Ozgul Mehmet Akif , Urer Halide Nur
Published: November 2015

Objective: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is a new method for the diagnosis and staging of lung disease, and its use is increasing worldwide. It has been used as a means of diagnosing lung cancer in its initial stages, and there are data supporting its use for the diagnosis of benign lung disease. The aim of this study was to share our experience with EBUS-TBNA and discuss its diagnostic value. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the results related to 159 patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA at our pulmonary medicine clinic between 2010 and 2013. We recorded the location and size of lymph nodes seen during EBUS. Lymph nodes that appeared to be affected on EBUS were sampled at least twice. We recorded the diagnostic results of EBUS-TBNA and (for cases in which EBUS-TBNA yielded an inconclusive diagnosis) the final diagnoses after further investigation and follow-up. Results: We evaluated 159 patients, of whom 89 (56%) were male and 70 (44%) were female. The mean age was 54.6 ± 14.2 years among the male patients and 51.9 ± 11.3 years among the female patients. Of the 159 patients evaluated, 115 (84%) were correctly diagnosed by EBUS. The diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA was 83% for benign granulomatous diseases and 77% for malignant diseases. Conclusions: The diagnostic value of EBUS-TBNA is also high for benign pathologies, such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis. In patients with mediastinal disorders, the use of EBUS-TBNA should be encouraged, primarily because it markedly reduces the need for mediastinoscopy.
Evaluation of Cycloate Followed by Evening Two-Leaf–Stage Phenmedipham Application in Fresh Market Spinach
Authors: Lati Ran N. , Mou Beiquan , Rachuy John S. , Fennimore Steven A.
Published: November 2015

Fresh market spinach has one primary herbicide, cycloate, which does not control all weeds. Previous studies demonstrated that cycloate PRE followed by (fb) phenmedipham at the four-leaf spinach stage is a safe and effective treatment. However, this treatment is not useful for the main growing season of fresh spinach due to its short crop cycle and the 21-d preharvest interval requirement of phenmedipham. This study evaluates the potential to use the combination of cycloate PRE fb phenmedipham on two-leaf spinach. Greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 2014 using three spinach varieties with low (‘Nordic' and ‘Sardinia') and high (‘Regal') tolerance to phenmedipham. Greenhouse studies revealed that phenmedipham at 90 g ai ha−1was safe to Regal when applied at the two-leaf stage. Sardinia was more susceptible to phenmedipham injury under high (310 W m−2) light conditions than low (258 W m−2) light conditions. Impact of time of day on phenmedipham safety was evaluated in the field: day-long exposure to high light intensity following morning applications vs. evening applications fb exposure to low light intensity. Injury estimations taken 3 d after treatment (DAT) were lower for evening than for morning applications. Nonetheless, injury 11 DAT and spinach yield evaluations found no differences between morning and evening applications. Subsequently, cycloate (1,700 g ha−1) PRE fb phenmedipham (90 and 180 g ha−1) applied in the evening at the two-leaf stage was evaluated. A reference treatment was cycloate PRE fb phenmedipham (270 g ha−1) at the four-leaf stage. Treatments with cycloate fb two-leaf phenmedipham at 90 and 180 g ha−1were safe to spinach and improved weed control compared to cycloate alone. Cycloate fb 180 g ha−1phenmedipham at the two-leaf stage reduced weed biomass by 88% compared to cycloate alone. This level of weed control was similar to the reference treatment. Results here show that phenmedipham applied at the two-leaf stage is safe to fresh market spinach and it has the potential to be used during most of the fresh spinach growing season.
Intracellular Phosphate Dynamics in Muscle Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy during Hemodialysis
Authors: Lemoine Sandrine , Fournier Thomas , Kocevar Gabriel , Belloi Amélie , Normand Gabrielle , Ibarrola Danielle , Sappey-Marinier Dominique , Juillard Laurent
Published: November 2015

Of the 600–700 mg inorganic phosphate (Pi) removed during a 4-hour hemodialysis session, a maximum of 10% may be extracted from the extracellular space. The origin of the other 90% of removed phosphate is unknown. This study tested the hypothesis that the main source of phosphate removed during hemodialysis is the intracellular compartment. Six binephrectomized pigs each underwent one 3-hour hemodialysis session, during which the extracorporeal circulation blood flow was maintained between 100 and 150 ml/min. To determine in vivo phosphate metabolism, we performed phosphorous (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy using a 1.5-Tesla system and a surface coil placed over the gluteal muscle region. 31P magnetic resonance spectra (repetition time =10 s; echo time =0.35 ms) were acquired every 160 seconds before, during, and after dialysis. During the dialysis sessions, plasma phosphate concentrations decreased rapidly (−30.4 %; P=0.003) and then, plateaued before increasing approximately 30 minutes before the end of the sessions; 16 mmol phosphate was removed in each session. When extracellular phosphate levels plateaued, intracellular Pi content increased significantly (11%; P<0.001). Moreover, βATP decreased significantly (P<0.001); however, calcium levels remained balanced. Results of this study show that intracellular Pi is the source of Pi removed during dialysis. The intracellular Pi increase may reflect cellular stress induced by hemodialysis and/or strong intracellular phosphate regulation.
Realized Bank Risk during the Great Recession
Authors: Altunbas Yener , Manganelli Simone , Marques-Ibanez David
Published: November 2015

In the years preceding the 2007-2009 financial crisis, forward-looking indicators of bank risk concentrated and suggested unusually low expectations of bank default. We assess whether the ex-ante (i.e. prior to the crisis) cross-sectional variability in bank characteristics is related to the ex-post (i.e. during the crisis) materialization of bank risk. Our tailor-made dataset crucially accounts for the different dimensions of realized bank risk including access to central bank liquidity during the crisis. We consistently find that less reliance on deposit funding, more aggressive credit growth, larger size and leverage were associated with larger levels of realized risk. The impact of these characteristics is particularly relevant for capturing the systemic dimensions of bank risk and tends to become stronger for the tail of the riskier banks. The majority of these characteristics also predicted bank risk as materialized before the financial crisis.
The Key Role of Knowledge-Oriented Leadership in Innovation Performance of Manufacturing and Commercial Companies of Guilan Province
Authors: Safari Alborz , Azadehdel Mohammad Raza
Published: November 2015

The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of knowledge oriented leadership on the innovation performance regarding to the role of knowledge management practices in manufacturing and commercial companies of Guilan province. The research is applied in terms of objective, and its methodology is descriptive. The population of study included manufacturing and commercial companies of Guilan province. To select a sample, convenience method was used .According to the Cochrane limited formula, total of 282 people were selected. Cronbach's alpha for reliability of the questionnaire was used. In this study, data were analyzed, by descriptive analysis, structural equation modeling and path analysis using SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.50. Findings show that knowledge-oriented leadership has effect on creation of knowledge and application knowledge. Knowledge creation and application of knowledge has effect on the innovation performance. It was found that knowledge management practices has a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and innovation performance.
Islam and Contemporary Society: Emerging Paradigms to Explain Muslim Communities
Authors: Masoom Muhammad Rehan
Published: November 2015

There is hardly any country, where most of the people do not follow a particular religious view, but no other religious groups need to address so many controversies as the Muslims do. Islam is no more merely a religion; it is a political agenda, a manifestation of orthodoxy, an enticement to establish particular ideology and many more. Islam has integrated a variety of political and social facet into it; hence diversity in comprehension emerged. Various scholars analyzed numerous aspects of Islam. This paper attempts to narrate the most imperative aspects of Islam in the modern day and tries to delineate the significant role that Islam plays in the life and living of individuals of all around the world.
Cultural Identity in Eugenia Kim’s The Calligrapher’s Daughter
Authors: Ng Wen Lee , Mani Manimangai , Wan Yahya Wan Roselezam
Published: November 2015

Eugenia Kim’s The Calligrapher’s Daughter (2009) is a well-received East Asian novel about a Korean Christian, Najin’s encounter with western culture. As an aristocratic woman, she is expected to uphold Korean tradition. However, as Najin realises that she is culturally marginalised by her father and the Korean traditional society mainly due to her gender, she picks up a foreign culture introduced to her, western culture. This move is extremely significant because after Najin driven by cultural marginalisation to embrace western culture, her cultural practices are no longer the same with traditional Korean women. This important turn of the novel has not been explored by scholars extensively. Thus, this study aims to depart from the cultural marginalisation faced by Najin. Furthermore, due to the fact that cultural identity formation is highly influenced by culture, there is a need to look into the changes of Najin’s cultural identity as she incorporates western culture into her Korean traditional culture. By investigating the changes of Najin’s cultural identity throughout the novel, this study finds that Najin has transformed from a nameless girl without an identity into an independent woman with the help of western education.
Nonverbal Communication in Business Negotiations and Business Meetings
Authors: Peleckis Kęstutis , Peleckienė Valentina , Peleckis Kęstutis
Published: November 2015

This paper examines the importance of reading the body language signals in business negotiations and business meetings. By observing the physical changes of the human body, gestures, can lead to a more or less realistic impression about opponent, feelings of the other person, his mood, thoughts, expectations, intentions, and their changes. In non-verbal body language are very much important things : human posture, dress, accessories, gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, smile, voice intonation, laughter, eye contact, eye signs, the distance between the communicators, touch, clap, dance, and physiological responses - sweating palms, forehead, paleness, resulting in acute facial, neck redness and others. Part of nonverbal communication signs, or in other words the body language signals are sent consciously (natural or play signs, signals), and the other part of the body signals is emitted into the environment unintentionally, when to the information received response is made immediately, instantly, instinctively and without thinking. Body language signals in business negotiations or business meetings are important in several aspects:- reveal the other person’s, the opponent's physical and emotional state as well as its evolution;- complement, reinforce or weaken the spoken language;- allows those who are able to read nonverbal communication signs, to determine more or less accurately whether oral language is true.
Gradual Transformation of Public Interest Theory and its Status in Iranian Constitution Law
Authors: Haddadi Mahdi , Raad Mohammad Mohseni
Published: November 2015

Public interest theory in governance and its reflection in Constitution Law are recently emerging in public law literature. Its concept and function differs country-by-country based on governing ideology of the society. Liberal states usually construe this theory by considering individual orientation and social states by society priority. The concept of public interest and the mechanism to achieve it in law and ethics philosophy in general and in Iranian Constitution in particular is a disputing discussion. We assume that any school construes public interest by its selected ideology in law philosophy and political theory. Likewise, by Iranian Constitution Law, it is perceived that respecting expediency especially “system expediency” has broad usage in governance especially upon revolution. Although respecting customary expediency does not seem so surprising.
Sexuality Social Justice and Social Work: Implications for Social Work Education
Authors: Galarza Jayleen , Anthony Becky
Published: November 2015

This article focuses on reviewing the existing peer- reviewed literature to offer a working definition of the term sexuality social justice and explore how sexuality social justice is currently understood and applied in social work education. The authors recommend that given the recent increased visibility and discussion of sexuality- related issues in society, it is imperative for social workers to apply a social justice lens when addressing sexuality issues in bachelor's- level programs and classrooms. Given the limited studies and literature that are focused specifically on the topic of sexuality social justice as applied to social work practice as well as on undergraduate social work education, implications for future practice and education are presented and elaborated on.
News Literacy in Social Work Education
Authors: Klemm Terri
Published: November 2015

This teaching note provides an introduction to the nascent field of news literacy and describes one small BSW program's approach to integrating news literacy into the social work curriculum to develop students' interest, knowledge, and ability to think critically about current events of relevance to social welfare policy. Sample assignments, grading rubrics, and experiential and multimedia classroom activities used by the author are presented. Social work program administrators and faculty are encouraged to recognize the importance of news literacy in social work education and to consider ways to incorporate news literacy into their own curricula. Resources are provided for social work educators and students who would like to learn more about news literacy.
Computerised tomographic profile of ethmoid roof on basis of keros classification among ethnic Kashmiri’s
Authors: Salroo Imran Nazir , Dar Nisar Hussain , Yousuf Aamir , Lone Kousar Sideeq
Published: November 2015

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ethmoid roof on computerized tomography of nose and paranasal sinuses of Kashmiri people and distribute them on basis of KEROS classification.

Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study, the randomly selected paranasal sinus computed tomography (PNS CT) scans coronal cuts .Total of One hundred PNS CT scans done at the SMHS Hospital from April 2015 to September 2015 were reviewed, and selected for study. The bilateral heights of the lateral lamellae of the cribriform plate were obtained, independently coded, and classified according to keros.

Results: The mean height of the lateral lamella among Kashmir’s was seen to be 5.08mm and 29% of patient’s CT PNS were classified as Keros I, 61% were classified as Keros II and 10% were classified as Keros III. There was significant difference in the distribution of Keros classification between the right and left lateral lamella. There was no significant difference in the height of the lateral lamella (t-test: p=0.98 on right side & p =0.89 on left side) and the distribution of Keros classification (Fisher’s Exact test: p = 0.823) among younger (1-14 year) and older (>14 year) Kashmiri age groups. There is significant difference in the height (t-test: p=0.03 on right side and p=0.03 on left side) and the distribution of Keros classification is statistically insignificant (Fishers Exact Test: p=0.11) between Kashmiri females and males.

Conclusions: Preoperative assessment of ethmoid roof anatomy and keros level is mandatory for alerting the surgeon of the potential iatrogenic injury during endoscopic sinus surgeries to minimize the grave complications during ESS.
Renal DCE-MRI Model Selection Using Bayesian Probability Theory
Authors: Beeman Scott C. , Osei-Owusu Patrick , Duan Chong , Engelbach John , Bretthorst G. Larry , Ackerman Joseph J. H. , Blumer Kendall J. , Garbow Joel R.
Published: November 2015

The goal of this work was to demonstrate the utility of Bayesian probability theory-based model selection for choosing the optimal mathematical model from among 4 competing models of renal dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) data. DCE-MRI data were collected on 21 mice with high (n = 7), low (n = 7), or normal (n = 7) renal blood flow (RBF). Model parameters and posterior probabilities of 4 renal DCE-MRI models were estimated using Bayesian-based methods. Models investigated included (1) an empirical model that contained a monoexponential decay (washout) term and a constant offset, (2) an empirical model with a biexponential decay term (empirical/biexponential model), (3) the Patlak–Rutland model, and (4) the 2-compartment kidney model. Joint Bayesian model selection/parameter estimation demonstrated that the empirical/biexponential model was strongly favored for all 3 cohorts, the modeled DCE signals that characterized each of the 3 cohorts were distinctly different, and individual empirical/biexponential model parameter values clearly distinguished cohorts of low and high RBF from one another. The Bayesian methods can be readily extended to a variety of model analyses, making it a versatile and valuable tool for model selection and parameter estimation.
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping: Contrast Mechanisms and Clinical Applications
Authors: Liu Chunlei , Wei Hongjiang , Gong Nan-Jie , Cronin Matthew , Dibb Russel , Decker Kyle
Published: November 2015

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a recently developed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for quantifying the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility within biological tissues. It first uses the frequency shift in the MRI signal to map the magnetic field profile within the tissue. The resulting field map is then used to determine the spatial distribution of the underlying magnetic susceptibility by solving an inverse problem. The solution is achieved by deconvolving the field map with a dipole field, under the assumption that the magnetic field results from a superposition of the dipole fields generated by all voxels and that each voxel has its own unique magnetic susceptibility. QSM provides an improved contrast-to-noise ratio for certain tissues and structures compared with its magnitude counterpart. More importantly, magnetic susceptibility directly reflects the molecular composition and cellular architecture of the tissue. Consequently, by quantifying magnetic susceptibility, QSM is becoming a quantitative imaging approach for characterizing normal and pathological tissue properties. This article reviews the mechanism that generates susceptibility contrast within tissues and some associated applications.
The Impact of Sources of Variability on Parametric Response Mapping of Lung CT Scans
Authors: Boes Jennifer L. , Bule Maria , Hoff Benjamin A. , Chamberlain Ryan , Lynch David A. , Stojanovska Jadranka , Martinez Fernando J. , Han Meilan K. , Kazerooni Ella A. , Ross Brian D. , Galbán Craig J.
Published: November 2015

Parametric response mapping (PRM) of inspiration and expiration computed tomography (CT) images improves the radiological phenotyping of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). PRM classifies individual voxels of lung parenchyma as normal, emphysematous, or nonemphysematous air trapping. In this study, bias and noise characteristics of the PRM methodology to CT and clinical procedures were evaluated to determine best practices for this quantitative technique. Twenty patients of varying COPD status with paired volumetric inspiration and expiration CT scans of the lungs were identified from the baseline COPDGene cohort. The impact of CT scanner manufacturer and reconstruction kernels were evaluated as potential sources of variability in PRM measurements along with simulations to quantify the impact of inspiration/expiration lung volume levels, misregistration, and image spacing on PRM measurements. Negligible variation in PRM metrics was observed when CT scanner type and reconstruction were consistent and inspiration/expiration lung volume levels were near target volumes. CT scanner Hounsfield unit drift occurred but remained difficult to ameliorate. Increasing levels of image misregistration and CT slice spacing were found to have a minor effect on PRM measurements. PRM-derived values were found to be most sensitive to lung volume levels and mismatched reconstruction kernels. As with other quantitative imaging techniques, reliable PRM measurements are attainable when consistent clinical and CT protocols are implemented.
La investigación: una actividad de rutina
Authors: Guzmán Marcos Manuel
Published: November 2015

La investigación en general es un termino que muy seguramente a la gran mayoría de las personas les llega a causar confusion o hasta rechazo, mas cuando se trata de Ia investigación científica, Ia cual se tiene como en un pedestal imaginando que es algo diafano y hasta sublime pero percibiendo a quienes logran hacer investigaci6n como personas muy experimentadas, con unas caracterfsticas muy especiales, quienes se concentran todo el tiempo detras de un gigantesco escritorio y se encierran en unos centros muy especializados de la ciencia y del saber con unos letreros muy modestos como "prohibido interrumpir... . genios pensando".
La producción de conocimiento en las sociedades contemporáneas
Authors: Arias Rey Rosa Judith
Published: November 2015

En algunos países en vía de desarrollo existe la falsa creencia de que Ia Investigación Científica se debe dejar a las grandes potencias, y que, para las necesidades "reales" del país, se dispone de científicos y tecnologos en cantidad y calidad suficientes.
¿Pueden las matemáticas ayudar a encontrar un avión desaparecido?
Authors: Roldán Jiménez Diego Gerardo
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se describe brevemente cómo herramientas elementales de las matemáticas y de la física sirvieron para soportar investigaciones en la búsqueda de aeronaves desaparecidas. En particular, se identifica qué tipo de principio físico utilizó la compañía Inmarsat como aporte para la investigación en la búsqueda del vuelo 370 de Malasia Airlines desaparecido el 08 de marzo de 2014. También, se menciona el teorema de Bayes como herramienta utilizada por la compañía de consultoría Metrón para encontrar la caja negra del vuelo 447 de Air France accidentado el 01 de junio de 2009 y cómo estos eventos han llevado a considerar nuevas políticas en cuanto a medidas de seguridad.
Air Force and Strategic Deterrence
Authors: Melamed Janiel
Published: November 2015

The following article presents an analytical approximation regarding the strategic deterrence of the air force in armed conflicts and modern warfare, concluding that despite being a relevant military tool for coercion, by its own faces great challenges to achieve decisive victories in the long term in conflicts with high level of radical ideological motivations.
La ciberguerra china desde la lógica de la guerra irrestricta
Authors: Mancera José Mauricio
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo se orienta a demostrar la notoria intención de China en el sentido de querer disputar la hegemonía global a los Estados Unidos, utilizando una doctrina en particular, llamada la Guerra Irrestricta, con una herramienta específica designada como la ciberguerra, comprendida como: nueva, productiva, discreta y poco comprometedora forma de lucha, en defensa de intereses nacionales, en la mayoría de los casos, contra un enemigo asimétrico y con un poder mucho mayor, como son los Estados Unidos. Las evidencias, hechos y datos presentados, permitirán comprender tales intenciones e intereses por parte de China.
Aprender haciendo en la virtualidad
Authors: Alba Mercedes , Orrego Crescencio
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo surge de una investigación que busca identificar estrategias metodológicas para que los estudiantes de postgrados utilicen herramientas virtuales en su desempeño profesional. La misma se realizó a través del modelo investigación aplicada, que utiliza la Cibernética Social, en sus fases de diagnóstico, planeación y gestión, desde el método descriptivo experimental. Ante la apropiación de las TIC existe cierta percepción en la sociedad, llevando a considerar que la presencia de la tecnología por sí misma mejora los procesos educativos, sin prestar mucha atención a los apoyos, andamiajes, que facilitan que un profesional - adulto - se motive, esfuerce y dedique para mejorar y desarrollar las competencias que el mundo de hoy le exige. Aún más, se apuesta a que las experiencias educativas centradas en el “aprender haciendo”, apoyadas en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC), en sí mismas son la clave para logar el uso de las herramientas tecnológicas, sin prestar atención a estrategias pedagógicas que permiten un efectivo aprendizaje de y con la tecnología. Luego de poner a prueba varías estrategias que se precisan en la investigación, como resultado de la experiencia, se logró identificar aquellas que permiten a los estudiantes mejorar su nivel en la cultura virtual, en la apropiación del lenguaje tecnológico y la motivación para acercarse con más confianza a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación.
Capacitación B-Learning, cambios en la práctica docente
Authors: Bolívar Salgado William Ernesto , Ochoa Valbuena María Patricia , Orrego Crescencio
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo resulta de la investigación Prácticas docentes: incidencia de una capacitación b-learning en proyectos telecolaborativos, dicho estudio buscó describir los cambios presentados en la práctica docente de un grupo de profesores de educación básica y media, de la Institución Educativa Departamental de Cundinamarca IEDC, ubicada en Zipaquirá (Colombia), a partir de una capacitación con modalidad b-learning en proyectos telecolaborativos. Para su realización, se utilizó una mezcla entre dos tipos de metodología: la primera de investigación DIATRIAC, que consiste en una triangulación concurrente, en donde se recolectan y analizan datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, y la segunda el Método descriptivo experimental. Durante el desarrollo de la investigación fueron utilizadas diferentes técnicas para la recolección de la información, que ayudaron a contar con tres escenarios para el análisis comparativo. Esta investigación identificó los aspectos que se movilizan, activan y desarrollan en el docente al participar en un curso específico, y además aporta lineamientos para el diseño de programas que fortalezcan la integración curricular de las TIC en las prácticas docentes. Además, a partir de los resultados se realizan propuestas que son importantes para lograr un mayor cambio en las prácticas docentes en línea del uso educativo de las TIC.
Cultura política, democracia y participación: más allá de las elecciones universitarias práctica de la Universidad de San Buenaventura
Authors: Molina Orjuela Douglas Eduardo
Published: November 2015

El presente artículo presenta una reflexión académica acerca de cómo la cultura política debe ser planteada como un fenómeno que supera las elecciones universitarias. Además, evidenciar cómo la democracia y la participación universitaria se presentan en la Universidad de San Buenaventura, sede Bogotá. A fin de sugerir un instructivo para adelantar procesos electorales y plantear actividades que busquen fortalecer la cultura política universitaria. La metodología utilizada es cualitativa, en cuanto a los métodos de recolección de información se resalta el análisis documental y análisis descriptivo.
Factores que intervienen en el desempeño de un piloto bajo diferentes condiciones de vuelo – revisión de tema
Authors: Olarte López Nancy Esperanza , Cabezas Burbano Yaciro , Echeverry Vásquez Gustavo Emilio
Published: November 2015

El propósito de este articulo es determinar cuáles factores influyen en la alteración de algunas medidas fisiológicas y mentales específicas presentadas en los pilotos durante el vuelo y cómo éstas intervienen en su comportamiento, teniendo en cuenta la variable operativa de carga de trabajo, importante en los protocolos de investigación de la aviación.Para estudiar esta variable a fondo tanto en la aviación militar y la comercial es necesario revisar, comparar y contrastar diferentes escenarios, condiciones, aeronaves e individuos, que permitan diferenciar cómo se experimentan estos cambios que a corto, mediano y largo plazo, intervienen en el estado de salud del individuo, llevando en ocasiones a consecuencias nefastas, surgiendo de esta manera cada vez más la necesidad de controlar estas medidas, transmitiéndolas en lo posible en tiempo real para su posterior monitoreo y análisis por parte del especialista, proporcionando de esta forma el incremento en el control y prevención de accidentes aéreos.
Enlaces de datos En VHF (VDL) dentro del contexto CNS/ATM para la prestación de los servicios de tránsito aéreo en Colombia
Authors: Gómez Gómez Édgar Leonardo , Ortiz Triviño Jorge Eduardo
Published: November 2015

En este artículo se analiza el protocolo de comunicaciones por enlaces de datos en VHF (VDL), el cual, junto con técnicas de posicionamiento satelital, es uno de los pilares fundamentales dentro del concepto CNS/ATM planteado por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI), el cual busca la implantación de nuevas tecnologías para la prestación de los servicios de tránsito aéreo en las áreas de comunicaciones, navegación y vigilancia de aeronaves a nivel mundial. Se presenta el tipo de sistemas usados actualmente por la Unidad Administrativa Especial de Aeronáutica Civil (UAEAC) para la prestación de estos servicios en Colombia, y se hace un comparativo para establecer las ventajas que tiene la implantación de las nuevas tecnologías planteadas en el concepto CNS/ATM, teniendo en cuenta las condiciones particulares de terreno y de flujo de tránsito aéreo que presenta Colombia. Además, se presentan los proyectos de implementación de subredes basadas en enlaces de datos VDL más relevantes a nivel mundial, los cuales permiten obtener resultados de pruebas de funcionamiento, como un paso fundamental hacia la consolidación a nivel mundial de este tipo de tecnología.
Enfoques de calidad en la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana
Authors: Pérez Uribe Rafael
Published: November 2015

Este artículo muestra algunas de las acciones más importantes de la Fuerza Aérea Colombiana para desarrollar, mantener y mejorar sus procesos relacionados con la gestión de calidad. Recoge los esfuerzos que sobre el tema ha desarrollado desde 1999 hasta la fecha de este documento (2009) y evidencia lo que se viene realizando en algunas de sus unidades de trabajo para facilitar el alcance de los objetivos y el desarrollo de la misión de la FAC.
Diseño y construcción de una turbina de gas para generación de baja potencia (TGBP) con ciclo regenerativo a partir de un turbocargador
Authors: Mondragón Cediel Cesar Eduardo , Pachón Hernández Diego Fernando , Escobar Garzón Arnold , Cerpa Bernal Rafael Mauricio
Published: November 2015

La ciudad de Cantagallo (Bolívar) en Colombia requiere 21kW de energía eléctrica para suplir las necesidades de su población ya que no tiene acceso a la red de interconexión eléctrica como muchas otras ciudades del país. La aplicación de la generación distribuida a partir de turbinas de gas de baja potencia (TGBP) para suplir estas necesidades es viable en Colombia, además las TGBP a partir de turbocargadores automotrices suplen completamente los requerimientos de la generación distribuida aislada y de soporte de la red de distribución en plantas, fábricas y edificios; por lo tanto se realiza el dise.o detallado y construcción de una TGBP que genera 30kW, cuyas características específicas y técnicas le permiten ser aplicable como sistema de Generación Distribuida en Colombia a partir de un turbocargador automotriz empleando el ciclo termodinámico regenerativo para disminuir  el consumo espec.fico de combustible (SFC) y por lo tanto aumentar la eficiencia del ciclo, con sus respectivos sistemas de inyección de combustible, ignición, lubricación y de adquisición de datos. Se realiza una metodolog.a de dise.o de: TGBP con ciclo regenerativo, de c.maras de combusti.n tubulares y de intercambiadores de calor (recuperadores) empleando fuentes bibliográficas especializadas en el desarrollo de motores a reacción a nivel mundial así como software FEA, CFD y tecnologías de fabricación asequibles y encontradas en Colombia.
Manual de procedimientos de investigación de sucesos de aviación, para el grupo de investigación de accidentes de la aeronáutica civil de Colombia
Authors: Montoya Murillo Angélica
Published: November 2015

En este trabajo de grado se analizan los conceptos e importancia de los manuales de procedimientos en la estructura de una organización y su contribución en el desarrollo de las investigaciones de accidentes. Mediante el Manual de procedimientos para el Grupo de Investigación de Accidentes de la Unidad Administrativa Especial Aeronáutica Civil, se busca generar una respuesta efectiva frente a un suceso de aviación a través de la estandarizaci.n de los procesos de Investigaci.n de Accidentes. El trabajo se enmarca dentro del tipo de investigación documental aplicada y descriptiva que se apoya en fuentes obtenidas en libros, artículos, manuales, oficios, gu.as y art.culos relacionados con la investigación de accidentes aéreos, para crear dise.os descriptivos por medio de procedimientos estándar y listas expandidas que describen los procesos involucrados en la investigación. Para lograr organizar estos procesos fue necesario estudiar y definir las tareas, así como las responsabilidades de cada uno de los miembros del grupo de investigación de accidentes para equilibrar las cargas de trabajo y crear sincronía en las fases de la investigación, diseñar formularios y listas de verificación para proporcionarle al investigador herramientas efectivas para el proceso investigativo.Como estrategia evaluativa del trabajo mismo en su fase de desarrollo, se efectuaron capacitaciones al Grupo de Investigaci.n de Accidentes de la Unidad Administrativa Especial Aeronáutica Civil, para la utilización del manual. Los resultados de la misma fueron analizados con el fin de sacar unas conclusiones y recomendaciones, las cuales corroboran la importancia de la implementación del presente manual por parte de los integrantes del Grupo.
Tiempo atmosférico meteorología y climatología
Authors: Delvasto Jaimes María Elena
Published: November 2015

Es muy comun emplear los terminos meteorologia, climatologia y tiempo atmosterlco sin hacer dlstlnclón alguna entre ellos; sin embargo, para interpretar y utilizar adecuadamente los pronósticos relacionados con este tema, es necesario precisar a que se refiere cada uno.
Diseño preliminar de la configuración de cabina para la aeronave de entrenamiento primario phaeton PT-01
Authors: Gaviria García Juan Esteban , Meriño D. Elias E.
Published: November 2015

El espacio en cabina de una aeronave influye directamente en las capacidades de la tripulación a la hora de realizar su trabajo. La comodidad, el ambiente, Ia iluminacion, la forma en que se presenta toda Ia información de la aeronave en los instrumentos son algunos de los factores que son considerados en toda situación de vuelo. La metodología de diseiio preliminar de este espacio de cabina y su interacción con la tripulacion basada en procesos de diseño centrados en el ser humano, sera el principal topico de este artículo.
Diseño de rotor para un aerogenerador de bajas velocidades
Authors: Arevalo Hugo A. , Gutierrez Jairo A. , Merayo Jhon E.
Published: November 2015

En los ultimos afios ha existido un creciente interes en el disefio y el estudio de turbinas eólicas de baja velocidad debido a la mayor cantidad de lugares donde este potencial eólico esta presente. Usando elementos de Ia teoría de momentum del alabe (BEM) y la teoría de la circulación, este articulo describe un metodo basado en el analisis del cambio de circulación y momentum a traves de cada estación del alabe, permitiendo calculos mas precisos y optimizando así el rendimiento del rotor en turbinas eólicas de eje horizontal, baja velocidad de viento y paso fijo. La comparaci6n de los resultados obtenidos con datos provenientes de turbinas eólicas reales muestra una alta similitud.
Ciencia y tecnología, perspectiva para Colombia
Authors: Mendivil Anaya Laura
Published: November 2015

El presente art iculo hace un recorrido por los siguientes temas: la importancia de la inversión en Ciencia y Tecnología, el panorama mundial de la inversión en Ciencia y Tecnología, así como la Ciencla y la Tecnología en Colombia, profundizando en el Sistema de Ciencia y Tecnología, el presupuesto asignado y las posibles rutas para cualificar el tema en el país.
Manual de emergencias aéreas y terrestres para servicio aéreo a territorios nacionales SATENA
Authors: Gómez Lince Julián Fernando , Támara Melo Juan Guillermo
Published: November 2015

La seguridad aérea es un tema de preocupación mundial, recientemente en la Unión Europea (UE), se ha aprobado una drástica legislación (Reglamento (CE) N° 2111 /2005 de 14 de diciembre de 2005) para el establecimiento de normas comunes para mantener el espacio aéreo europeo libre de compañías aéreas y aeronaves que se considere no son seguras.
Modernidad, cultura y educación
Authors: Guzmán Alfaro Marcos Manuel
Published: November 2015

Es importante comprender conceptos y filosofías como la modernidad que moldean la cultura, con el propósito de realizar un continuo auto análisis de la educación que se está impartiendo, siempre buscando una formación integral que produzca progreso individual y colectivo.