bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The First Electroanalytical Study Of Umifenovir (Arbidol) Used As A Potential Antiviral Drug For The Treatment of SARS-CoV-2: A Voltammetric Quantification On The Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode By Using Anionic Surfactant Media
Authors: Özok Hande İzem , Kıran Musa , Yunusoğlu Oruç , Yardım Yavuz
Published: January 2023

In this work, an electroanalytical procedure for sensing umifenovir (arbidol) by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SW-AdSV) was developed utilizing an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode. Measurements of umifenovir using cyclic voltammetry with phosphate buffer solution (PBS, 0.1 M, pH 2.5) revealed irreversible behaviour, adsorption-controlled as well as an ill-defined (+1.13 V, PA1) and a well-defined (+1.47 V, PA2) two oxidation peaks. Umifenovir oxidations depend critically on supporting electrolytes and pH. The second oxidation peak (PA2) current of the umifenovir was enhanced by adding sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic surfactant) in the chosen supporting electrolyte. Umifenovir was quantified using its second oxidation peak (PA2) at about +1.39 V. Using the optimized condition, the oxidation peak current of PA2 showed a linear relationship for umifenovir determination in the concentration range from 0.005 to 1.0 μg ml−1 (9.73 × 10−9−1.95 × 10−6 M), with a detection limit of 0.0014 μg ml−1 (2.72 × 10−9 M) in PBS (PH 2.5) with SDS. Finally, the developed approach was successfully utilized to determine umifenovir in the pharmaceutical formulation and urine samples. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first electroanalytical approach for voltammetric sensing of umifenovir.
Review—Fundamental Uranium Electrochemistry and Spectroscopy in Molten Salt Systems
Authors: Hege Nicole , Jackson Jessica , Shafer Jenifer
Published: January 2023

Uranium is a key element used for nuclear energy production. Some advanced reactor designs, specifically molten salt reactors, will continue to use uranium as the fissile material for energy production. These new technologies require an intimate understanding of uranium chemistry during and after energy production. This review covers contemporary research on the coordination chemistry and behavior of uranium with the coolant and pyroprocessing salts as proposed for use in future reactor designs. Discussed topics include the nature of U redox reactions involving the reduction of U(III) to U metal and oxidation of U(III) to U(IV). These systems have been interrogated using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and optical and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. Insights obtained into the electrode potentials, the uranium species, and their diffusion coefficients in alkali halide melts from decades of research are summarized selectively. Perspectives are provided on the importance of unifying studies for comparison across multiple institutions. The application of synchrotron radiation research and multimodal approaches involving two (or more) probes, such as the widespread combination of UV–visible spectroscopy and electroanalysis known as spectroelectrochemistry, can provide new knowledge about the main process of uranium electrorefining—diffusion, as will be demonstrated in this review through the lack of comparable results.
The Effect of National Insight and Religious Moderation on Radical Behavior of Secondary School Students
Authors: Kustati Martin , Indra Ristapawa , Efendi  , Ritonga Mahyudin , Nelmawarni  , Yulia  , Karni Awis
Published: January 2023

The study aimed to reveal the effect of nationalism, historical knowledge, religious moderation, Islamism, and radical thinking on radical behavior of the young generation in public high schools in Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The samples were grade XII students from four schools out of 16 schools. All indicators met the requirements of the validity and reliability test with Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Convergent validity test (variance extracted (VE) ≥ 0.50) obtained three constructs that meet the requirements to proceed to the analysis structure mode. The finding showed that nationalism construct did not affect the radical behavior construct with Sig. 0.203 > 0.05, while religious moderation construct did not affect radical behavior construct with Sig. 0.629 > 0.05. Meanwhile, the results of the multiple regression analysis showed that the constructs of nationalism and religious moderation simultaneously did not affect the construct of radical behavior. The finding illustrated that public high school students in Padang had a good understanding of nationalism and a moderate attitude in religious life so that there was no potential for the radicalism behavior among the young generation, especially for public high school students in Padang, West Sumatra. The practical implication of this research is that the school leaderships will formulate controlled regulations regarding the implementation of religious and clerical activities carried out by the Intraschool Student Organization (ISSO). In short, they will not be infiltrated by radical ideas from external parties.
First Evidence of Fowl Adenovirus Induced Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Chicken in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Nazrul , Rahman Md. Mostafizer , Rahman Md. Khalesur , Alam Jahangir
Published: January 2023

Background. The livestock sector contributes 1.90% to the GDP in Bangladesh during 2021–22. Poultry is one of the important subsectors struggling with diseases. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) cause numerous diseases resulting in economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. Several FAdV serotypes cause inclusion body hepatitis in chicken. Although FAdV infection was suspected, there was no confirmatory report from Bangladesh. The study was conducted to investigate the FAdV infection and antibodies in chicken. Methods. A total of 50 samples, each composed of liver and spleen, were collected from different chickens of Gazipur, Dinajpur, and Panchagarh district. Each location belongs to A, B, and C poultry zones of Bangladesh, respectively. Viruses were detected by real-time PCR and conventional PCR. Blood samples (n = 303) were collected at the beginning and after the recovery from infection and tested by indirect ELISA. Sequencing of PCR products was done for serotyping and phylogenetic analysis. Results. Clinical signs were observed including anorexia, drowsiness, ruffled feathers, reduced body weight, lack of uniformity, and high mortality (15–25%). Enlarged friable liver with yellow to tan color mottled with the focal soft area, fluid in pericardial sac, swollen and hemorrhagic kidneys, enlarged congested spleen and pancreas, etc. were found on postmortem examination. FAdVs were detected in 90% of the flocks except commercial layer flock from Dinajpur. Three serotypes, namely, 8b (70%), 11 (10%), and 5 (10%) were detected. Anti-FAdV antibody was detected in 80% flocks at the beginning of infection and in 90% of the flocks after recovery from infection. The antibody titer increases significantly (

p
<
0.05

) after recovery from infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Bangladeshi FAdVs have close identity with viruses from Asia, Europe, and South and North America. Conclusions. These findings suggested that several introductions of FAdVs were taken place in Bangladesh. To combat the disease, vaccination along with maintenance of biosecurity is essential.
Mathematical and Numerical Modelling of Interference of Immune Cells in the Tumour Environment
Authors: Sinha Sweta , Singh Paramjeet , Koksal Mehmet Emir
Published: January 2023

In this article, the behaviour of tumour growth and its interaction with the immune system have been studied using a mathematical model in the form of partial differential equations. However, the development of tumours and how they interact with the immune system make up an extremely complex and little-understood system. A new mathematical model has been proposed to gain insight into the role of immune response in the tumour microenvironment when no treatment is applied. The resulting model is a set of partial differential equations made up of four variables: the population density of tumour cells, two different types of immune cells (CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells), and nutrition content. Such kinds of systems also occur frequently in science and engineering. The interaction of tumour and immune cells is exemplified by predator-prey models in ecology, in which tumour cells act as prey and immune cells act as predators. The tumour-immune cell interaction is expressed via Holling’s Type-III and Beddington-DeAngelis functional responses. The combination of finite volume and finite element method is used to approximate the system numerically because these approximations are more suitable for time-dependent systems having diffusion. Finally, numerical simulations show that the methods perform well and depict the behaviour of the model.
Influence of Genomic Landscape on Cancer Immunotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Ovarian Cancer: Biomarker Analyses from the IMagyn050 Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Landen Charles N. , Molinero Luciana , Hamidi Habib , Sehouli Jalid , Miller Austin , Moore Kathleen N. , Taskiran Cagatay , Bookman Michael , Lindemann Kristina , Anderson Charles , Berger Regina , Myers Tashanna , Beiner Mario , Reid Thomas , Van Nieuwenhuysen Els , Green Andrew , Okamoto Aikou , Aghajanian Carol , Thaker Premal H. , Blank Stephanie V. , Khor Victor K. , Chang Ching-Wei , Lin Yvonne G. , Pignata Sandro
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

To explore whether patients with BRCA1/2-mutated or homologous recombination deficient (HRD) ovarian cancers benefitted from atezolizumab in the phase III IMagyn050 (NCT03038100) trial.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer were randomized to either atezolizumab or placebo with standard chemotherapy and bevacizumab. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status of tumor-infiltrating immune cells (IC) was determined centrally (VENTANA SP142 assay). Genomic alterations, including deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations, genomic loss of heterozygosity (gLOH), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI), were evaluated using the FoundationOne assay. HRD was defined as gLOH ≥ 16%, regardless of BRCA1/2 mutation status. Potential associations between progression-free survival (PFS) and genomic biomarkers were evaluated using standard correlation analyses and log-rank of Kaplan–Meier estimates.

Results:

Among biomarker-evaluable samples, 22% (234/1,050) harbored BRCA1/2 mutations and 46% (446/980) were HRD. Median TMB was low irrespective of BRCA1/2 or HRD. Only 3% (29/1,024) had TMB ≥10 mut/Mb, and 0.3% (3/1,022) were MSI-high. PFS was better in BRCA2-mutated versus BRCA2–non-mutated tumors and in HRD versus proficient tumors. PD-L1 positivity (≥1% expression on ICs) was associated with HRD but not BRCA1/2 mutations. PFS was not improved by adding atezolizumab in BRCA2-mutated or HRD tumors; there was a trend toward enhanced PFS with atezolizumab in BRCA1-mutated tumors.

Conclusions:

Most ovarian tumors have low TMB despite BRCA1/2 mutations or HRD. Neither BRCA1/2 mutation nor HRD predicted enhanced benefit from atezolizumab. This is the first randomized double-blind trial in ovarian cancer demonstrating that genomic instability triggered by BRCA1/2 mutation or HRD is not associated with improved sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

See related commentary by Al-Rawi et al., p. 1645
O Campo e o Laboratório na Ciência do Patrimônio
Authors: Cavicchioli Andrea , Ueno Helene Mariko
Published: January 2023

Nesse trabalho discutimos como a ciência do patrimônio, entendida como a vertente de investigação que se utiliza de técnicas avançadas de análise das propriedades dos materiais que compõem os artefatos artístico-culturais, pode ampliar o alcance de sua capacidade de contribuir para a conservação do patrimônio cultural material com a incorporação de práticas de pesquisa de campo, muito comuns em outras áreas do saber. A observação atenta das feições dos espaços de conservação complementadas por depoimentos de atores locais, a caracterização das dinâmicas de uso e manutenção dos ambientes e das diferentes formas de interferências humanas nas propriedades que determinam a qualidade ambiental de tais contextos ou sua influência direta nos próprios artefatos são alguns dos elementos ponderados numa análise conduzida com base na nossa experiência empírica e com o auxílio de um repertório pessoal de imagens para ilustrar nossos argumentos.
Gestão Ambiental na Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades: o curso, a disciplina, o profissional
Authors: Ueno Helene Mariko , Cavicchioli Andrea
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo apresentamos o curso de Gestão Ambiental da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades em seu contexto institucional, características do curso, seus estudantes e dos gestores ambientais. Os resultados integram dados organizados por bolsistas em diversos projetos de pesquisa e mostram que o gestor ambiental é cidadão crítico que ingressa no curso acreditando em seu potencial de transformar o mundo. As áreas de interesse e atuação profissional tendem a se manter no percurso acadêmico, desde o ingresso, e incluem temas diversos em instituições públicas, privadas ou de interesse social. Isso se alinha ao gestor ambiental idealizado no Projeto Político Pedagógico do curso, e mostra a necessidade da formação interdisciplinar para atuar na gestão ambiental considerando a complexidade da origem, estudo de impactos e soluções de problemas ambientais. Apesar das dificuldades relacionadas ao processo ensino-aprendizagem e questões pessoais levarem alguns ao abandono do curso, o gestor ambiental passa a valorizá-las como desafios superados e aprendizagens importantes ou necessárias.
Les Politiques Publiques, Facteurs Déterminants
Authors: Mello-Théry Neli Aparecida
Published: January 2023

Ce texte est extrait d’un document issu de recherches réalisées dans le cadre des programmes de recherche Duramaz et Duramaz 2, grâce à des financements de l'ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche), qui ont permis de mener deux longues missions de recherche sur le terrain à Parauapebas (Pará), en 2007 et 2014. Le document est inédit, il n’est disponible qu’en pdf sur le site d’archives ouvertes HalSHS, sous le titre Et au milieu coule l'Igarapé gelado. Les paysans, la Cooper, la Mairie et la Vale à Parauapebas (Pará, Amazonie brésilienne). Il fait partie de la première partie du texte, « Un exemple de développement durable, la coopérative fruticole Cooper ? », rédigée par Évelyne Gauché, Guillaume Marchand, Neli Aparecida de Mello-Théry, Hervé Théry et Véronique Van Tilbeurgh, qui ont participé á la première mission, avec l'appui de Rovaine Ribeiro.
Pleomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia in Dilated Cardiomyopathy Predicts Ventricular Tachycardia Recurrence After Ablation Independent From Cardiac Function: Comparison With Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease
Authors: Kimura Yoshitaka , de Riva Marta , Ebert Micaela , Glashan Claire , Wijnmaalen Adrianus P. , Piers Sebastiaan R. , Dekkers Olaf M. , Trines Serge A. , Zeppenfeld Katja
Published: January 2023

Background:

In dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), outcome after catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) is modest, compared with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Pleomorphic VT (PL-VT) has been associated with fibrotic remodeling and end-stage heart failure in IHD. The prognostic role of PL-VT in DCM is unknown.

Methods:

Consecutive IHD (2009–2016) or DCM (2008–2018) patients undergoing ablation for monomorphic VT were included. PL-VT was defined as ≥1 spontaneous change of the 12-lead VT-morphology during the same induced VT episode. Patients were followed for VT recurrence and mortality.

Results:

A total of 247 patients (86% men; 63±13 years; IHD n=152; DCM n=95) underwent ablation for monomorphic VT. PL-VT was observed in 22 and 29 patients with IHD and DCM, respectively (14% versus 31%,
P
=0.003). In IHD, PL-VT was associated with lower LVEF (28±9% versus 34±12%,
P
=0.02) and only observed in those with LVEF<40%. In contrast, in DCM, PL-VT was not related to LVEF and induced in 27% of patients with LVEF>40%. During a median follow-up of 30 months, 79 (32%) patients died (IHD 48; DCM 31;
P
=0.88) and 120 (49%) had VT recurrence (IHD 59; DCM 61;
P
<0.001). PL-VT was associated with mortality in IHD but not in DCM. In IHD, VT recurrence was independently associated with LVEF, number of induced VTs, and procedural noncomplete success. Of note, in DCM, PL-VT (HR, 2.62 [95% CI, 1.47–4.69]), pathogenic mutation (HR, 2.13 [95% CI, 1.16–3.91]), and anteroseptal VT substrate (HR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.00–3.07]) independently predicted VT recurrence.

Conclusions:

In IHD, PL-VT was associated with low LVEF and mortality. In DCM, PL-VT was not associated with mortality but a predictor of VT recurrence independent from LVEF. PL-VT in DCM may indicate a specific arrhythmic substrate difficult to control by current ablation techniques.
Chronic Kidney Disease Induces Proarrhythmic Remodeling
Authors: King Benjamin M.N. , Mintz Shana , Lin Xianming , Morley Gregory E. , Schlamp Florencia , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Fishman Glenn I.
Published: January 2023

Background:

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at increased risk of developing cardiac arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death; however, the basis for this association is incompletely known.

Methods:

Here, using murine models of CKD, we examined interactions between kidney disease progression and structural, electrophysiological, and molecular cardiac remodeling.

Results:

C57BL/6 mice with adenine supplemented in their diet developed progressive CKD. Electrocardiographically, CKD mice developed significant QT prolongation and episodes of bradycardia. Optical mapping of isolated-perfused hearts using voltage-sensitive dyes revealed significant prolongation of action potential duration with no change in epicardial conduction velocity. Patch-clamp studies of isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes revealed changes in sodium and potassium currents consistent with action potential duration prolongation. Global transcriptional profiling identified dysregulated expression of cellular stress response proteins RBM3 (RNA-binding motif protein 3) and CIRP (cold-inducible RNA-binding protein) that may underlay the ion channel remodeling. Unexpectedly, we found that female sex is a protective factor in the progression of CKD and its cardiac sequelae.

Conclusions:

Our data provide novel insights into the association between CKD and pathologic proarrhythmic cardiac remodeling. Cardiac cellular stress response pathways represent potential targets for pharmacologic intervention for CKD-induced heart rhythm disorders.
The Emergence of Argument Structure in Artificial Languages
Authors: Bosc Tom , Vincent Pascal
Published: January 2023

Computational approaches to the study of language emergence can help us understand how natural languages are shaped by cognitive and sociocultural factors. Previous work focused on tasks where agents refer to a single entity. In contrast, we study how agents predicate, that is, how they express that some relation holds between several entities. We introduce a setup where agents talk about a variable number of entities that can be partially observed by the listener. In the presence of a least-effort pressure, they tend to discuss only entities that are not observed by the listener. Thus we can obtain artificial phrases that denote a single entity, as well as artificial sentences that denote several entities. In natural languages, if we ignore the verb, phrases are usually concatenated, either in a specific order or by adding case markers to form sentences. Our setup allows us to quantify how much this holds in emergent languages using a metric we call concatenability. We also measure transitivity, which quantifies the importance of word order. We demonstrate the usefulness of this new setup and metrics for studying factors that influence argument structure. We compare agents having access to input representations structured into pre-segmented objects with properties, versus unstructured representations. Our results indicate that the awareness of object structure yields a more natural sentence organization.
FaithDial: A Faithful Benchmark for Information-Seeking Dialogue
Authors: Dziri Nouha , Kamalloo Ehsan , Milton Sivan , Zaiane Osmar , Yu Mo , Ponti Edoardo M. , Reddy Siva
Published: January 2023

The goal of information-seeking dialogue is to respond to seeker queries with natural language utterances that are grounded on knowledge sources. However, dialogue systems often produce unsupported utterances, a phenomenon known as hallucination. To mitigate this behavior, we adopt a data-centric solution and create FaithDial, a new benchmark for hallucination-free dialogues, by editing hallucinated responses in the Wizard of Wikipedia (WoW) benchmark. We observe that FaithDial is more faithful than WoW while also maintaining engaging conversations. We show that FaithDial can serve as training signal for: i) a hallucination critic, which discriminates whether an utterance is faithful or not, and boosts the performance by 12.8 F1 score on the BEGIN benchmark compared to existing datasets for dialogue coherence; ii) high-quality dialogue generation. We benchmark a series of state-of-the-art models and propose an auxiliary contrastive objective that achieves the highest level of faithfulness and abstractiveness based on several automated metrics. Further, we find that the benefits of FaithDial generalize to zero-shot transfer on other datasets, such as CMU-Dog and TopicalChat. Finally, human evaluation reveals that responses generated by models trained on FaithDial are perceived as more interpretable, cooperative, and engaging.
Annotated checklist of Georgian oribatid mites—II
Authors: MURVANIDZE MAKA , TODRIA NINO , MARAUN MARK , MUMLADZE LEVAN
Published: January 2023

The checklist of oribatid mites from Georgia is updated using sampling data from more than 230 locations during field works conducted between 2016 and 2022. We report 32 species of oribatid mites, sixteen of them were collected between 2017 and 2019, six were missing in Checklist I, while eleven species are new records for the country. The genus Ameronothrus was found in Georgia for the first time, but could not be identified to species level. Additional information about the distribution of Epilohmannia styriaca Schuster, 1960, Sphaerozetes orbicularis (C.L. Koch, 1835) and Fuscozetes fuscipes (C.L. Koch, 1844) is given. For each species we provide notes about regional and global distribution as well as information about their ecology. This list brings the number of identified species known for Georgia up to 563.
Prison Religion: Exploring the Link Between Pre- and In-prison Experiences to Religious Activity
Authors: Said Iman , Butler H. Daniel
Published: January 2023

Participation in prison-based religious programs has received a wealth of scholarly attention. Evidence shows that participation can provide critical coping mechanisms and access to a social support network. But despite a wealth of research, less work explores the pre-prison and in-prison attributes and experiences that may increase overall religious activity while in prison. We use data from the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities to explore the covariates of religious engagement, uncovering the critical role of adverse experiences including pre-prison physical abuse and in-prison depression. Our findings highlight the need to further explore the influence of extra religious attributes and contribute to scholarship on the role of faith based prison programing in the lives of incarcerated individuals.
Why Do Regular and Reversed Items Load on Separate Factors? Response Difficulty vs. Item Extremity
Authors: Kam Chester Chun Seng
Published: January 2023

When constructing measurement scales, regular and reversed items are often used (e.g., “I am satisfied with my job”/“I am not satisfied with my job”). Some methodologists recommend excluding reversed items because they are more difficult to understand and therefore engender a second, artificial factor distinct from the regular-item factor. The current study compares two explanations for why a construct’s dimensionality may become distorted: response difficulty and item extremity. Two types of reversed items were created: negation items (“The conditions of my life are not good”) and polar opposites (“The conditions of my life are bad”), with the former type having higher response difficulty. When extreme wording was used (e.g., “excellent/terrible” instead of “good/bad”), negation items did not load on a factor distinct from regular items, but polar opposites did. Results thus support item extremity over response difficulty as an explanation for dimensionality distortion. Given that scale developers seldom check for extremity, it is unsurprising that regular and polar opposite items often load on distinct factors.
Response Time of Young Children With Complex Communication Needs Following a Communication Opportunity
Authors: Sun Tiantian , Bowles Ryan , Douglas Sarah N. , Plavnick Joshua
Published: January 2023

Children with complex communication needs (CCN) who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) often need more time to process and respond when communicating with others. This study employed a survival analysis approach exploring child response-time patterns following different communication opportunities for young children with CCN who use AAC. The results showed a median of 1.87 s response time with significant individual variability. Children took less time to communicate following a choice or a question than following a comment. AAC modeling was also associated with shorter response times. Additionally, the more opportunities that occurred without a child response, the longer child response time tended to be. Our findings suggest that if the child does not make a response attempt, instead of repeating communication opportunities, communication partners should consistently wait and use questions and choices along with modeling to increase child communication.
Development and verification of a cure-dependent visco-thermo-elastic simulation model for predicting the process-induced surface waviness of continuous fiber reinforced thermosets
Authors: Lorenz N. , Gröger B. , Müller-Pabel M. , Gerritzen J. , Müller J. , Wang A. , Fischer K. , Gude M. , Hopmann Ch.
Published: January 2023

Process-induced surface waviness effects represent a major concern for series production of high-quality lightweight structures based on fiber reinforced plastics (FRP). This paper suggests a method for the numerical prediction of these effects by using the example of processing glass fiber reinforced plastics (GFRP) in a resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The influence of reaction kinetics, chemical shrinkage and cure-dependent viscoelastic properties of the resin are taken into account. Furthermore, the dependence of surface quality on curing cycle, consolidation pressure, textile architecture and thickness of neat resin layer (NRL) at the part surface are investigated. The work is based on published material data and a visco-thermo-elastic simulation approach which has been previously presented and validated. All numerical results are compared to the surfaces of FRP plates that were manufactured with the corresponding parameter variations. Based on a literature survey, different surface waviness values have been identified for comparison of experimental and numerical results. Satisfactory agreement between experiments and simulations is found. Furthermore, it is shown that the analyzed NRL thickness has no relevant influence on the surface waviness while the curing temperature significantly affects the surface waviness. The role of relaxation-induced change of the surface waviness is highlighted by performing long-term measurements and corresponding time-dependent simulations. It is concluded that relaxation plays a decisive role in the appropriate selection of the subsequent surface finishing process. The suggested simulation approach provides a basis for optimization strategies to improve surface quality and reduce post-processing effort.
The Stubborn Persistence of Grief Stage Theory
Authors: Daniel Terri
Published: January 2023

Bereavement professionals who keep up with current research have wisely discarded the “five stages of grief” theory in favor of more contemporary, more functional models, including continuing bonds, tasks of grieving, meaning-reconstruction, the six Rs of mourning, and the dual-process model. But the stage theory has stubbornly persisted, despite a steady stream of criticism in academia and countless commentaries on the dangers of using it in bereavement counseling. Public support and pockets of professional endorsement for the stages continues to exist, undeterred by the knowledge that there is very little, if any, evidence to support its usefulness. Because there is a tendency for the general public to embrace ideas popularized in mainstream media, the stage theory clings tenaciously to public acceptance.
Beyond Wokeness: Why We Should All Be Using a More “Sensitive” Measure of Self-Reported Gender Identity
Authors: Marcotte Melissa , Cichoń Marta , DeSalvo Nathan , Medeiros Kayla , Gadbois Stephen , Alberti-Silverstein Jennifer
Published: January 2023

Gender plays a significant role in an individual’s experiences and behaviors, as well as their expectations of others. Researchers have long operationalized gender using limited, mutually exclusive categories that fail to capture the rich variability within a gender-diverse population. While open-ended responses or multi-item scales may be a socially progressive approach and necessary for some gender-based research (e.g., Bauer et al., 2017), it may be unsuitable and statistically unfeasible for quantitative researchers in other areas. We analyzed responses from over 700 gender-diverse participants in the U.S. on a series of unipolar scales (i.e., gender identity, expression, and perception by others) that granted participants the flexibility of selecting a comprehensive self-definition while still enabling quantitative analysis of group differences as well as capturing maximum within-group variability. Using a cluster analysis, we found that participants’ responses were best represented by five categories: Archetypical Men ( n = 169), Archetypical Women ( n = 168), Intertypical Men ( n = 158), Intertypical Women ( n = 126), and Nonconforming ( n = 85) . We explore the variability of characteristics and beliefs (e.g., gender norms, sexist beliefs) within and between traditional sex and these new gender categories. In this paper, we discuss theoretical considerations for future research and how using this comprehensive operationalization of gender can expand our understanding of “gender differences'' beyond the current scientific assumptions and barriers.
“Do You Need Someone to Share With?”: Exchange and Demand Sharing in Social Cannabis Supply
Authors: Bræmer Marie Højlund , Søgaard Thomas Friis
Published: January 2023

Social supply plays a key role in bottom level cannabis markets. In outlining how social supply of cannabis differs from commercial market exchange, existing studies have argued that social supply is typically driven by two cultural logics: reciprocal gift-giving and sharing. Importantly, researchers have depicted sharing as a sub-version of a more generalized pattern of reciprocation and/or described sharing as a type of transfer that is motivated by altruism on the part of the giver. However, in this article, we argue that if we are to develop a more nuanced understanding of the sharing aspects of social supply, we need a more refined understanding of sharing. Based on interviews with 38 young cannabis users from Denmark, this article draws on recent anthropological theories of sharing and the concept of “demand sharing” in demonstrating how social cannabis supply is driven both by reciprocal logics, but also by hitherto overlooked sharing logics that cannot easily be captured by the categories reciprocity or altruism. More specifically, we analyze the important role played by receivers in facilitating sharing processes. We outline how diverse “receiver demands” are often the precondition for creating the social pressure that leads those who have, to allow others to take. In this way, this article contributes to a more detailed understanding of the complex transfer processes fueling social supply of illicit drugs.
“Stop Talking and Act”: The Battle between Tough on Crime Policing and Guardianship of Black Juvenile Gangs in Philadelphia, 1958-1969
Authors: Dirkson Menika
Published: January 2023

The 1958 robbery and murder of international student, In-Ho Oh, by eleven black teenagers in West Philadelphia created public outcry on the issue of black gangs in desegregating neighborhoods. The interracial homicide unofficially sparked a full-fledged tough on crime program by police and city officials. From 1958 to 1969, police and city officials became more concerned about black gangs because they feared white flight and white middle-class disinvestment from inner-city businesses and institutions that fed Philadelphia’s tax base. However, black community activists believed the “gang problem” could be solved with education, recreation, social welfare, and job training. Nevertheless, Philadelphia’s police department and City Council handled black gang activity with tough on crime policing and mass incarceration while black community activists provided “guardianship” to black youth to keep them out of the prison system and promote a positive reputation of black citizens.
Enterprise risk management and investment efficiency: Australian evidence from risk management committees
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Jia Jing , (Ellie) Chapple Larelle
Published: January 2023

This study investigates whether and how effective risk management committees (RMCs) improve corporate investment efficiency. Using a sample of listed companies included in the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) 300 index, we document that effective RMCs improve investments’ sensitivity to growth opportunities and profitability. The results also reveal that effective RMCs enhance corporate investment efficiency by restricting not only over- but also underinvestment. Subsequent analyses demonstrate that the positive effect of RMCs on investment efficiency is due to the reduced information asymmetry and free cash flow problems. Furthermore, we find a more pronounced effect of RMCs on investment efficiency when companies experience a high level of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and financial constraint.

JEL Classifications:

G14, G34, M41
Challenging the Perceptions of Human Tendon Allografts: Influence of Donor Age, Sex, Height, and Tendon on Biomechanical Properties
Authors: Ashton Dylan M. , Blaker Carina L. , Hartnell Nicholas , Haubruck Patrick , Hefferan Samantha A. , Little Christopher B. , Clarke Elizabeth C.
Published: January 2023

Background:

The use of allograft tendons has increased for primary and revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, but allograft supply is currently limited to a narrow range of tendons and donors up to the age of 65 years. Expanding the range of donors and tendons could help offset an increasing clinical demand.

Purpose:

To investigate the effects of donor age, sex, height, and specific tendon on the mechanical properties of a range of human lower leg tendons.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Nine tendons were retrieved from 39 fresh-frozen human cadaveric lower legs (35 donors [13 female, 22 male]; age, 49-99 years; height, 57-85 inches [145-216 cm]) including: Achilles tendon, tibialis posterior and anterior, fibularis longus and brevis, flexor and extensor hallucis longus, plantaris, and flexor digitorum longus. Tendons underwent tensile loading to failure measuring cross-sectional area (CSA), maximum load, strain at failure, ultimate tensile strength, and elastic modulus. Results from 332 tendons were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression, accounting for donor age, sex, height, and weight.

Results:

Mechanical properties were significantly different among tendons and were substantially greater than the effects of donor characteristics. Significant effects of donor sex, age, and height were limited to specific tendons: Achilles tendon, tibialis posterior, and tibialis anterior. All other tendons were unaffected. The Achilles tendon was most influenced by donor variables: greater CSA in men (β = 15.45 mm2; Šidák adjusted P < .0001), decreased maximum load with each year of increased age (β = −17.20 N per year; adjusted P = .0253), and increased CSA (β = 1.92 mm2 per inch; adjusted P < .0001) and maximum load (β = 86.40 N per inch; adjusted P < .0001) with each inch of increased height.

Conclusion:

Mechanical properties vary significantly across different human tendons. The effects of donor age, sex, and height are relatively small, are limited to specific tendons, and affect different tendons uniquely. The findings indicate that age negatively affected only the Achilles tendon (maximum load) and challenge the exclusion of donors aged >65 years across all tendon grafts.

Clinical Relevance:

The findings support including a broader range of tendons for use as allografts for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and reviewing the current exclusion criterion of donors aged >65 years.
Difficult Conversations: Outcomes of Emergency Department Nurse-Directed Goals-of-Care Discussions
Authors: Bigelow Suzanne , Medzon Ron , Siegel Mari , Jin Ruyun
Published: January 2023

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of addressing goals-of-care (GOC) with selected patients in the emergency department (ED), GOC documentation, hospital utilization, and patient satisfaction. Method: This is a single-center, retrospective, and prospective, observational convenience-sample study. ED registered nurses (ED RNs) received standardized GOC conversation training. Their selection criteria included a selection interview, a minimum of 3 years of ED clinical experience, and current employment in the ED. ED RNs used a standardized GOC questionnaire. Patient inclusion criteria included age ≥18 years and one or more of the following: chronic kidney disease ≥ stage III, congestive heart failure with an ejection fraction ≤ 40%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with home oxygen use, and/or malignancy with metastasis. GOC conversations were recorded in the electronic medical record (EMR). Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment (POLST) forms were completed as appropriate. Select individual patient data for the 12 months prior to the conversation were compared with the following 12 months. Results: Over 6 months, 94 of 133 patients who were approached consented to the GOC discussion with the RN. All 94 enrolled patients had their GOC recorded into the EMR. One-third already had a completed POLST form prior to ED arrival. 50% without a POLST on ED arrival left with a completed POLST. Eighty-four patients survived the index visit and 46 patients survived to study completion. Patient satisfaction with the interaction was high: In the cohort who survived past the index visit, 95% rated their experience at 4/5 or 5/5 (Likert scale, 5: strongly agree, 1: strongly disagree). In the survival-to-study completion cohort, 100% rated their experience as 4/5 or 5/5. Subsequent median ED visits decreased by 15% (1.0-4.0 interquartile range). There were no statistically significant changes in hospitalizations (both decreased by 25%, 0-3.0) or intensive care unit admissions (0%, 0-0). Conclusions: An ED RN-led GOC conversation had high patient satisfaction and 100% GOC documentation in the EMR. There was a significant increase in ED POLST form completion. There were no significant changes noted in subsequent hospitalizations, length of hospitalization, or intensive care unit utilization.
‘Sissy capital’ and the governance of non-normative genders in China’s platform economy
Authors: Wang Shuaishuai , Bao Hongwei
Published: January 2023

This article examines Chinese government censorship in the intersection between queer and fan cultures and the government’s regulation of big tech companies and platform economies in the 2020s conjuncture. In the context of booming platform industries and proliferating queer representations, the government issued explicit directives to censor the representation of ‘sissy men’, or androgynous and effeminate male celebrities, on video streaming platforms in 2021. Accused of encouraging ‘sissy capital’ (娘炮资本), the digital platforms that produce or host these videos have also been closely scrutinized. Focusing on the discourse of sissy capital, this article traces how the term has been used in state policies and mainstream media to discern the power relations that produce such a discourse. It argues that in the context of China’s fast-developing digital platform economy in which the pink economy plays a part, the governance of non-normative sexualities and platform industries has converged in the government’s efforts to define and regulate culture in an era of digital capitalism. The term sissy capital points to the gendered dimension of capital as well as the political economy of queerness; it also contributes to a more nuanced understanding of contemporary governing rationalities and techniques in a digital, non-Western, and illiberal context.
Repeat Buccal Flaps Successfully Reduce Hypernasality in a Patient with Cleft Palate
Authors: Green Jackson , Lignieres Austin , Obinero Chioma G. , Nguyen Phuong D. , Greives Matthew R.
Published: January 2023

Surgical intervention can contribute to the development of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) leading to hypernasality and regurgitation. In this case, a patient with a history of bilateral buccal flaps used for her primary CP repair presented to clinic with hypernasality and VPI as assessed by speech exam and imaging. She underwent repeat bilateral buccal flap palatal lengthening with division of the pedicles 3 months later. Three months after her division, her hypernasality score improved from moderate to mild and her posterior gap decreased. This study concluded buccal flaps can be used a second time for patients needing palatal revisions for VPI.
Up-Titration of Sacubitril/Valsartan Among Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Matsumura Koichiro , Ijichi Takeshi , Morimoto Junko , Takabayashi Kensuke , Miho Mitsunori , Ueno Keisuke , Yagi Eijiro , Takase Toru , Ueno Masafumi , Nakazawa Gaku
Published: January 2023

Aims:

In recent large trials, sacubitril/valsartan demonstrated favorable effects in patients with HF. However, many patients do not achieve the target dose of treatment. This study investigated the factors linked to up-titration of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods:

Using a multicenter retrospective database, 204 consecutive patients with HFpEF (left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 40%) who were treated with sacubitril/valsartan between October 2020 and March 2022 were analyzed. Up-titration was defined as an increase in dosage above 24/26 mg BID beyond 12 weeks after the initiation of sacubitril/valsartan.

Results:

Among the patients, 55% underwent up-titration, and 8% discontinued the drug. The baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in patients with up-titration than in those with no up-titration; SBP values similar to that at baseline were observed between the 2 groups at 2 to 4 weeks and at 12 weeks after the commencement of sacubitril/valsartan treatment. The majority of those who discontinued sacubitril/valsartan did so because of hypotension. The multivariable logistic regression model showed that a history of hypertension, history of atrial fibrillation, baseline SBP, and baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were associated with sacubitril/valsartan up-titration.

Conclusion:

Approximately half of all patients did not undergo up-titration, and 8% of those with HFpEF discontinued the sacubitril/valsartan therapy. For aggressive up-titration and continuation of sacubitril/valsartan, patients with lower baseline SBP, renal dysfunction, absence of a history of hypertension, and presence of atrial fibrillation may require more careful monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Prediction of Lower Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Risk After Knee/Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Wang Xinguang , Xi Hanxu , Geng Xiao , Li Yang , Zhao Minwei , Li Feng , Li Zijian , Ji Hong , Tian Hua
Published: January 2023

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common postoperative complication of knee/hip arthroplasty. There is a continued need for artificial intelligence-based methods of predicting lower extremity DVT risk after knee/hip arthroplasty. In this study, we performed a retrospective study to analyse the data from patients who underwent primary knee/hip arthroplasty between January 2017 and December 2021 with postoperative bilateral lower extremity venous ultrasonography. Patients’ features were extracted from electronic health records (EHRs) and assigned to the training (80%) and test (20%) datasets using six models: eXtreme gradient boosting, random forest, support vector machines, logistic regression, ensemble, and backpropagation neural network. The Caprini score was calculated according to the Caprini score measurement scale, and the corresponding optimal cut-off Caprini score was calculated according to the largest Youden index. In total, 6897 cases of knee/hip arthroplasty were included (average age, 65.5 ± 8.9 years; 1702 men), among which 1161 (16.8%) were positive and 5736 (83.2%) were negative for deep vein thrombosis. Among the six models, the ensemble model had the highest area under the curve [0.9206 (0.8956, 0.9364)], with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1 score of 0.8027, 0.9059, 0.6100, 0.9573 and 0.7003, respectively. The corresponding optimal cut-off Caprini score was 10, with an area under the curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of 0.5703, 0.8915, 0.2491, 0.1937, 0.9191, and 0.3183, respectively. In conclusion, machine learning models based on EHRs can help predict the risk of deep vein thrombosis after knee/hip arthroplasty.
Returning to critical pedagogy in a world of datafication
Authors: Pronzato Riccardo , Markham Annette N
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a further extension of the sociotechnical logics of digital platforms to every realm of social life. Given the colonialist, oppressive and exploitative dynamics through which digital platforms work, several scholars supported the need to embrace an openly activist role to help individuals contrast the ways in which they are trapped in loops of dependency and trajectorism. Drawing on the results of 40 auto-ethnographic diaries, this paper showcases the usefulness of critical pedagogical techniques in enhancing critical awareness regarding hegemonic datafication structures, while also arguing that despite a good level of consciousness raising, it remains difficult for people to go beyond subalternity and make more concrete changes in personal and collective behaviors. We contend that to break persistent feelings of dependency, it is necessary to go further with a two-step process combining autoethnographic tools, aimed at increasing critical algorithmic awareness, with the development of data science skills that can help individuals acquiring more precise knowledge schemes and scaling down the power of giant corporations, thereby building individual and collective capacities to use data for developing counter-narratives about possible futures.