bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine Learning Based Prediction Model for Using Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Risk of Adverse Events
Authors: Lu Juan , Wang Ling , Bennamoun Mohammed , Ward Isaac , An Senjian , Sohel Ferdous , Chow Benjamin JW , Dwivedi Girish , Sanfilippo Frank M
Published: January 2021

To investigate the usefulness of machine learning approaches on linked administrative health data at the population level in predicting older patients’ one-year risk of adverse events after supplied with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Patients from a Western Australian cardiovascular population who were supplied with NSAIDs between 1 Jan 2003 and 31 Dec 2004 were identified from Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme data. Comorbidities from linked hospital admissions data and medication history were inputs. Admissions for acute coronary syndrome or deaths within one year from the last supply date were outputs. Machine learning classification methods were used to build models to predict ACS and optimise their performance, measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity and specificity. There were 69007 patients in the NSAIDs cohort with mean age 76 years and 54.3% were female. 1882 patients were admitted for acute coronary syndrome and 5405 patients dead within one year after their last supply of NSAIDs. The multi-layer neural network, gradient boosting machine and support vector machine were applied to build various classification models. The models achieved an average AUC-ROC score of 0.72 predicting ACS and 0.84 predicting death. Machine learning models applied to linked administrative data can potentially improve adverse event risk prediction. Further investigation of additional data and approaches are required further to improve the performance for adverse event risk prediction.
The Variation of Air Purification Benefit Provided by Street Tree Assemblages in Shenyang, China
Authors: Yao Jing , Chen Wei , Liu Miao , Wang Xiaobo , Chen Nina , He Xingyuan
Published: January 2021

Background: Street trees assemblage is a widespread natural component in the cities and provides a wide range of ecosystem services to the cities. However, the distribution of street trees assemblage within a city is inequal. In this paper, we took air purification benefit provided by street trees for example to examine how urban form, urban geography and drivers of vegetation management affect the variation of ecosystem services provided by street trees in metropolitan Shenyang, Northeastern China. The i-Tree Street (2018) was utilizing to evaluate air purification benefit provided by street trees.Results: We analyze the results using 2 indices: per kilometer benefit and average tree benefit. The results showed us that (1) both indices didn’t vary along the population gradient. (2) The per kilometer benefit had a decreasing trend along the urban-suburban gradient. (3) The districts which had the highest per kilometer benefit and average tree benefit are neither the old ones nor the newest one, but the districts start to develop from around 2002 and 2003.Conclusions: We infer that the public policy is a main driver of vegetation management, especially for street trees, because street tree is closely related to road/street development which is closely related to economic development of a region. Besides, there could be a time lag effect for ecosystem services provided by trees.
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitism and Associated Risk Factors in Rural and Urban Areas of Southern Algeria: a Four-year Community Based Study
Authors: Sebaa Soumia , Behnke Jerzy M. , Baroudi Djamel , Hakem Ahcene , Abu-Madi Marawan
Published: January 2021

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are amongst the most common infections worldwide and have been identified as one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality among disadvantaged populations. This community based study was conducted to assess the magnitude and pattern of intestinal parasitism and to identify the key risk factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections in Laghouat province, south Algeria.Methods: Stool samples were collected from 2277 symptomatic and asymptomatic patients aged 1-89 years old. Structured questionnaire were used to identify environmental, socio demographic and behavioral factors. Stool specimens were collected and examined for intestinal parasitic infection. Results: More than 33% of participants were found to be infected for at least one protozoan and/or helminth parasite. Of these, the most common parasites were Blastocystis spp. (17.79%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (8.78%), Giardia intestinalis (4.22%), Entamoeba coli (4.08%) and more rarely Endolimax nana, Cryptosporidium spp, Trichomonas intestinalis, Enterobius vermicularis, Taenia spp., and a single case of Trichuris trichiura. Multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between prevalence and species richness of combined protozoan parasites and contact with animal, living in rural areas and relying primarily on tap water, particularly in young individuals. Analysis of temporal consistency showed a high rate of infection in rural locations in the spring of 2018 and a firm relationship between school children and tap water was also detected. Conclusions: The high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among the Laghouat population, with identification of several risk factors indicates that parasitic infections are important public health problems. Therefore, several strategies are recommended in order to effectively reduce these infections including good animal husbandry practices, health education focused on good personal hygiene practices especially for school children, availability of safe drinking water and adequate sanitation.
Impact of Surgical Site Infection To Outcome In Patients With Operatively Treated Tibial Plateau Fractures– A Retrospective Multicenter Study
Authors: Henkelmann Ralf , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Glaab Richard , Mende Meinhard , Ull Christopher , Braun Philipp-Johannes , Gensior Tobias J. , Katthagen Christoph , Hepp Pierre
Published: January 2021

Background: Tibial plateau fractures (TPF) can be a life changing injury. Surgical site infection (SSI) occur in 3-10% and is a feared complication. Aim of this study was to evalute the impact of SSI to outcome in patients with operatively treated TPF.Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study in seven participating countries. Between January 2005 and December 2014 all participating centers have followed up patients with SSI. In addition, three centers followed up patients without SSI as a reference group. Descriptive data and follow up data with patient reported outcome scores (KOOS, Lysholm) were evaluated. Statistic analyses were performed with IBM SPSS and two-sided tests to the significance level of α = 0.05. Results: In summary, 287 patients (41 with SSI and 246 without SSI) with an average follow-up of 75.9 ± 35.9 months were included in this study. Patients with a SSI had a significant poorer Outcome in KOOS5 (48.7 ± 23.2 vs. 71.5 ± 23.5; p < 0.001) and Lysholm (51.4 ± 24.0 vs. 71.4 ± 23.5; p < 0.001) compared to patients without SSI. This significant difference was also evident in the KOOS subscores pain (57.9 ± 22,9 vs. 75.0 ± 22.3; p < 0.001), symptoms (54.5 ± 28.8 vs. 75.4 ± 23.4; p < 0.001), ADL (48.8 ± 27.5 vs. 80.5 ± 22.6; p < 0.001) and QOL (37.8 ± 31.5 vs. 56.4 ± 30.2; p = 0.001).Conclusion: Patients with SSI differed significantly from patients without SSI in terms of gender, smoking and drug addiction. The trauma-associated data showed a significant difference in the severity of fracture morphology, concomitant injuries (especially open fracture and compartment syndrome), and the incidence of polytraumata. In terms of PRO, a significantly poorer outcome was recorded in patients with SSI.
Image Classification of Osteoporotic Vertebral Fracture with Endplate-disc Complex Injury
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Wang Song , Wang Qing , Yang Jin , Xu Shuang
Published: January 2021

Background The purpose of this study was to observe the condition of osteoporosis vertebral fracture(OVF) combined with endplate-disc complex (EDC) injury through MRI and CT, and to classify the degree of EDC injury according to the changes in the signal and morphology of the EDC on the image.Methods A total of 479 cases of OVF were included in this study. Baseline data were recorded. We investigate the incidence of EDC injury, observed the morphology and signal changes of EDC injury through MRI and CT, and divided it into grades 0-4 according to the severity of injury.We compared whether there were differences in the degree of EDC injury among different vertebral fractures, bone mineral density(BMD), and severity of vertebral fractures. Results Among 479 patients, 321 cases had EDC injury adjacent to fractured vertebral body. Among them, 158 cases were grade 0, 66 cases were grade 1, 72 cases were grade 2, 78 cases were grade 3, and 92 cases were grade 4. The degree of EDC injury combined with thoracolumbar vertebral fractures was more serious than that of thoracic and lumbar vertebral body fractures.Vertebral fractures with severe osteoporosis were combined with more severe EDC injury. The more severe the vertebral fracture, the more severe the combined EDC injury.Conclusion This study found that the incidence rate of EDC injury reached 67.0%. To patients with OVF, severe osteoporosis, and severe fractures in the thoracolumbar segments often have more severe EDC injury.
Neonatal Tactile Stimulation Modulates Dendritic Spine Densities in Somatosensory Cortex of Adult WAG/Rij rats
Authors: Ilbay Gul , Balikci Aymen , Kokturk Sibel , Yilmaz Melda Yardimoglu , Ates Nurbay
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of our study is to examine the effects of neonatal tactile stimulatons on the brain structures that previously defined as the focus of epilepsy in the Wistar-Albino-Glaxo from Rijswijk (WAG/Rij) rat brain with genetic absence epilepsy.Methods: In the present research, morphology and density of dendritic spines were analyzed in the somatosensory cortex (SoCx) of WAG/Rij rats (non stimulated control, tactile-stimulated and maternal separated rats) and healthy Wistar (non-epileptic) rats. To achieve this, a Golgi-Cox method was used.Results: Dendritic spine number in layer V of the SoCx has been detected significantly higher in adult WAG/Rij rats at post natal day 150 in comparison to non-epileptic adult control Wistar rats (p<0,001). Moreover, quantitative analyses of dendrite structure in adult WAG/Rij rats showed a decrease in dendrite spine density of pyramidal neurons of SoCx which occurred in early neonatal exposure to maternal separation (MS) and tactile stimulation (TS) (p<0,001).Conclusions: Our findings provide the first evidence that tactile stimulations during the early postnatal period have a long-term impact on dendrite structure in WAG/Rij rat’s brain and suggest a reduction in dendrite spine density is linked to absence seizure reduction.
An internet-based self-help intervention for people with psychological distress due to COVID-19: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Brog Noemi Anja , Hegy Julia , Berger Thomas , Znoj Hansjörg
Published: January 2021

Background: The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) has reached pandemic status and is affecting countries all over the world. The COVID-19 pandemic is accompanied by various stressors that require adjustment in everyday life and possibly changes in personal future prospects. While some individuals cope well with these challenges, some develop psychological distress including depressive symptoms, anxiety or stress. Internet-based self-help interventions have proven to be effective in the treatment of various mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. Based on that, we developed an internet-based self-help program for individuals with psychological distress due to the situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. The 3-week self-help program consists of 6 modules comprising texts, videos, figures and exercises. Participants can request guidance within the self-help program (guidance on demand). The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of the self-help program compared to a waiting control condition.Methods: The design is a parallel group randomized controlled trial. Participants are allocated to a 3-week self-help intervention plus care as usual or a 3-week waiting period with only care as usual. There are follow-ups after 6 weeks and 18 weeks. At least 80 participants with COVID-19 pandemic related psychological distress will be recruited. Primary outcome are depressive symptoms. Secondary outcomes include anxiety and chronic stress, suicidal experiences and behaviour, health-related quality of life, generalized optimism and pessimism, embitterment, optimistic self-beliefs, emotion regulation skills, loneliness, resilience and the satisfaction with and usability of the self-help program.Discussion: To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies investigating the efficacy of an internet-based self-help program for psychological distress due to the situation surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the results of this study may give further insight into the use of internet-based self-help programs in pandemic-related psychological distress.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04380909, Retrospectively registered on 8 May 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04380909
LncRNA Malat1 regulates iPSC-derived β-cell differentiation by targeting the miR-15b-5p/Ihh axis
Authors: Wang Yao , Lin Xinxing , Lv Jin , Zhu Jiachen , Fan Haowen , Sha Jinqi , Xu Zhen , Zhu Biwen , Guo Qinsong , Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Shajun
Published: January 2021

Background: Differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived β-like cells is a novel strategy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. Elucidation of the regulatory mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in β-like cells derived from iPSCs is important for understanding the development of the pancreas and pancreatic β-cells and may improve the quality of β-like cells for stem cell therapy.Methods: β-like cells were derived from iPSCs in a three-step protocol. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were carried out to screen the differentially expressed lncRNAs and identify the putative target genes separately. LncRNA Malat1 was chosen for further research. Series of loss and gain of functions experiments were performed to study the biological function of this lncRNA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were carried out to separately detect the functions of pancreatic β-cells at the mRNA and protein levels. Cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA fractionation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to determine the subcellar location of lncRNA Malat1 in β-like cells. Flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to examine the differentiation and insulin secretion of β-like cells after stimulation with different glucose concentrations. Structural interactions between lncRNA Malat1 and miR-15b-5p and between miR-15b-5p and Ihh were detected by dual luciferase reporter assays (LRAs).Results: We found that the expression of lncRNA Malat1 declined during differentiation, and overexpression of this lncRNA notably impaired the differentiation and maturation of β-like cells derived from iPSCs in vitro and in vivo. Localized to the cytoplasm, lncRNA Malat1 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-15b-5p to regulate the expression of Ihh according to bioinformatics prediction, mechanistic analysis and downstream experiments.Conclusion: This study established an unreported regulatory network of lncRNA Malat1 and the miR-15b-5p/Ihh axis during the differentiation of iPSCs into β-like cells. In addition to acting as an oncogene promoting tumorigenesis, lncRNA Malat1 may be an effective and novel target for treatment of diabetes in the future.
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL MINORITY RIGHTS PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: Nahorna V.O.
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the evolutionary development of international legal regulation in the field of protection of the national minority rights from the Westphalian system of international relations to the present. The aspiration of non-dominant groups to preserve their cultural, religious, or ethnic background was manifested simultaneously with the emergence of nation-states in the seventeenth century. However, since then, the international community has not reached a consensus on the content of the concept of minority: a unified approach to the issue has not been elaborated in either international legal acts, law doctrine, or judicial practice. At the universal level, the protection of minority rights in international law was institutionalized only during the functioning of the League of Nations. The established procedures for the implementation and control over the observance of minority rights within the League of Nations were elaborated in sufficient detail and provided for effective collective security measures to resolve international disputes and problems arising in connection with the protection of minority rights. Indeed, this system also had a number of significant shortcomings that were subsequently taken into account when establishing mechanisms for the protection of minority rights within the United Nations. In reviewing international legal acts after 1945, the following general tendency should be emphasized. It concerns the adoption of a large array of documents in this field, most of which are advisory and general in nature. This is explained by the fact that minority issues are a sensitive area of public relations, and states are reluctant to make this sphere regulated by international law. The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995) became the first legally binding legislative act on the protection of minorities in general, and this fact makes it fundamentally important. The absence of the norms directly aimed at the protection of national minorities in the catalog of rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) cannot but affects the efficient application of the mechanism of the European Court by national minorities. However, the link between human rights violations and minority rights allows the latter to fight for the restoration of individual human rights protected by the European Convention, which undoubtedly plays a positive role in the context of the protection of collective minority rights.
Keywords: national minorities, periodization, universal system for the protection of human rights, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, ECHR.
THE JURIDICAL NATURE OF TERMINATION OF SUBJECTIVE CIVIL RIGHT
Authors: Pohrebniak V.Ya.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the consideration of the essence of termination of subjective civil right as juridical possibilities of appropriate person ensured by provisions of civil law of Ukraine. Ignoring the widespread understanding of termination of subjective civil right as the termination of its belonging to a person the author proposes an alternative point of view on this problem. The independent character of appropriate phenomenon determines the necessity of designation the essence of its termination as an element of juridical reality. In this context, the termination not always mean the termination of belonging of appropriate subjective civil right to a person. The problem is researched by the author in the context of structural connection between elements of juridical construction of civil relationship and terminative influence of juridical facts over them. Particularly the order of termination of the subjective civil right related to its realization and to a waiver of it is analyzed. Considerable attention is paid to termination of the subjective civil right that is the result of the termination of a subjective civil obligation that corresponds to such right, termination of subject and object of relationship. The author also determines juridical schematizations related to the complex influence of terminative circumstances over civil relationships. The content of the sign of absolute termination of a subjective civil right is concretized in the article. It is defined that it means termination of subjective civil right absolutely, but not the only termination its belonging to bearer. The termination of subjective civil right doesn’t relate to its emergence at another person that is the transfer of the right. It is defined that termination of subjective civil rights also characterized by finality. This characteristic concretizes juridical situations in which appropriate juridical consequences appear. Finality means that the termination of the right doesn’t provide its renascence at the appropriate person in concrete circumstances of the juridical situation. The article contains the author’s definition of termination of subjective civil rights.
Keywords: termination of right, termination of the relationship, waiver of a right, the realization of right, absolute termination, finality termination.
IMPROVING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL MEASURES FOR THE PREVENTION OF OFFENSES AGAINST OFFICIALS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION BODIES
Authors: Rusanyuk U. Y.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the identification of ways of increasing the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses by officials of public administration bodies. Ways to increase the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration bodies are differentiated into organizational, methodological, information, technical and legal. The article substantiates that organizational factors of increasing the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration are aimed at neutralizing and reducing the impact of the negative consequences of violation of the performance of official duties by these officials. Among the organizational ways of improving the efficiency of the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration, bodies are the improvement of the system of subjects of such activity, forms and methods of preventive work, coordination of their efforts in counteracting offenses in the system of public administration. It is determined that the key to improving the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration is the systematic development of methodological recommendations for subdivisions (officials) of public administration on the prevention of offenses of official nature, the implementation of special training for the purpose of training which may lead to the commission of offenses by an official. The article is devoted to the analysis of technical measures of prevention of offenses of officials of public administration bodies, covering special technologies, rules, means that prevent the occurrence of negative consequences in the process of social activity of people, committing offenses. The article substantiates that improving the implementation of administrative and legal measures for the prevention of offenses of officials of public administration requires the development of a clear regulatory framework for the neutralization of conditions that facilitate the commission of administrative offenses.
Keywords: offenses, public administration bodies, officials, prevention of offenses, administrative and legal measures of prevention of offenses of public administration officials, counteraction to offenses.
REFORMING THE PROSECUTOR’S BODIES AS A WAY TO CLEAN THE LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: Harust Y.V. , Vasilenko M.P.
Published: January 2021

This article analyzes the structure of the prosecuting authorities and their functions. The scientific material fully reveals the reasons for the reform of the prosecuting authorities and why the reform is taking place in the personnel sphere. The statistics, which show the percentage of people in our country who do not trust the prosecuting authorities, due to its alleged corporate secrecy from politicians and the public. The purpose of the Attorney General was determined by the consequences of the total cleansing of outdated and possibly corrupt personnel, as well as the destruction of the image of the prosecutor’s office that existed until recently, and the equalization of prosecutors with ordinary public servants, in order to secure public confidence in the prosecutor’s office. In a scholarly article, we have analyzed and examined some of the major issues we consider to be involved in this transformation and the possible consequences of such rapid changes, their issues and solutions, and the stages of the reform and how it will take place. Ways to improve this reform have been proposed. Also, some variants of developments regarding the improvement and effective fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them by the prosecutors were suggested, in our opinion, the problem of this issue in this aspect was most expediently reflected in this article. It has been suggested that a new prosecutor’s office should be formed as an
example of forming a Verkhovna Rada, where no one looks at rationality and professionalism, experience and practical skills, where the formation and staffing of workers can only take place in the presence of nepotism or friendly relations. Some aspects of the development of such events are given if a “monopoly” comes to power in our country, and the management of legislative acts will allow some entities not to destroy corruption schemes, but to support, promote and create them in the future for
a profit.
Keywords: prosecution bodies, legislation, law, Attorney General of Ukraine, reform, legal system.
Covid-19 and Library Public Space Transformations
Authors: ANTONENKO Nadiia , RUMILETS Tetiana
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the transformation of library spaces that occurred as a result of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, as well as the directions of further spatial changes in library spaces under new pandemic conditions. The study is based on the integrated use of research methods. As part of the study, the functional-planning organization of library spaces was analyzed before and during the pandemic, and the content of the crisis of the social institution of libraries in the new conditions was formulated. The experience of transformations of other types of buildings – offices, restaurants, hospitals, etc. – was examined and the appropriateness of using these design techniques in library spaces was examined, individual planning techniques were highlighted as fundamental for further space-planning transformations, and considered as basic recommendations for adaptations, reconstruction and construction of new library buildings. Particular attention is paid to updating the focus on maintaining public health, including through the more active implementation of appropriate environmental standards in the construction.
Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: KALEMBA Katarzyna
Published: January 2021

Wastewater treatment plants are becoming an important part of circular economy. In addition to the classic role of wastewater treatment plants, they are gaining a new important mission to fulfil. According to the Nutrients-Energy-Water (N-E-W) paradigm, wastewater treatment plants should also focus on energy production and resource recovery. Intensification of biogas production is an important element in improving the energy efficiency of wastewater treatment plants. This can be achieved by introducing sewage sludge co-digestion with organic substrate, thermal hydrolysis and disintegration of the sludge. Water renewal, which includes a number of processes to restore the water features of the wastewater, is also becoming an important objective. Intensive research is being carried out on the production of bioplastics by bacteria inhabiting municipal and industrial sewage. Technologies for recovery of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) from sewage and sludge are also advanced. The paper presents current trends in the development of sewage treatment plants based on the assumptions of circular economy and current policy of the European Green Deal.
Modeling of Environmental-Energy Efficiency of the Biogas Installation with Heat Supplying of the Biomass Fermentation Process
Authors: RATUSHNIAK Georgiy , BIKS Yuriy , LYALYUK Olena , RATUSHNYAK Olga , LYALYUK Andriy
Published: January 2021

The determinants of profitability and environmental friendliness of bioconversion are noted in the paper. As one of the major factors the reduction of thermal energy costs for the fermentation of organic wastes in their utilization is proposed to take into consideration. The expediency of using renewable energy sources for thermal stabilization of the fermentation process, especially in the thermophilic mode of organic fermentation, is emphasized. The energy efficiency biogas installation with structural and technological scheme is given as an example. It receives thermal energy to increase its efficiency from a solar collector and a heat pump. It is proposed to evaluate the energy efficiency of a biogas plant taking into account the cost of bioconversion products and the costs of providing this process. A mathematical model was proposed to substantiate the environmental-economic efficiency of a biogas installation with the minimum energy costs for the thermal stabilization of the biomass fermentation process. The model is based on fuzzy set theory which uses linguistic variables. Linguistic variables take into account the influence of quantitative and qualitative factors on the objective function.
The Problem of Measurement Equivalence or Invariance in Instruments
Authors: (OTBİÇER) ACAR Tülin
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to discuss the validity of equivalence in the sample groups of young and adult; females and males in the scale of assessing the attitudes towards foreign language skills and to offer the researchers that will use this scale certain evidence based on data. No measurement equivalence/invariance was found in adult and young groups. Consequently, measurement equivalence/invariance based on gender variable was not present, either. The absence of measurement equivalence/invariance is in fact a fundamental proof that the measurement instrument is specific to the group that it is intended for. For this reason, researchers should evaluate cross-validity or multi-group analyses on the basis of the traits that are measured using the measurement instrument. It is not always negative not to have measurement equivalence/invariance during the process of gathering validity evidences.
La alegría de ser nada
Authors: Garrido-Maturano Ángel Enrique
Published: January 2021

El artículo analiza el discurso de S. Kierkegaard  “Todo buen don y toda dádiva perfecta viene de arriba” y lo articula con otros dos Discursos edificantes. La articulación procura, primero, elucidar por qué el sí mismo auténtico es aquel que asume que no puede nada. Segundo, muestra  silencio, obediencia y alegría como las actitudes fundamentales sobre cuya base el sí mismo auténtico es en el mundo y caracteriza la fe originaria implícita en ellas como su condición de posibilidad. Finalmente,  explicita el mundo en el que es el sí mismo auténtico como sitio justo abierto a la espera del reino.
‘World’ and ‘Paradigm’ in Heidegger and Kuhn
Authors: Belgrano Mateo
Published: January 2021

My goal in this paper is to compare Heidegger’s philosophy of science with Thomas Kuhn’s. With this comparison I want to pursue two goals: 1) using Kuhn’s arsenal of conceptual tools, to make Heidegger’s position appear in a clearer fashion; and 2) to show that Heidegger’s and Kuhn’s positions are not so different as one might expect. I will, thus, suggest that these philosophies can be compatible. I will show that, even if there are differences, there are many similarities as well. I will address three issues: 1) the differences and similarities between Kuhn’s notion of paradigm and Heidegger’s notion of world; 2) the analogous concepts of “normal science” and “calculating thinking”; and 3) the source of intelligibility in both authors. Here, I believe, is where the main difference between both thinkers lays.
A Gas Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Inorganic Gases and Light Hydrocarbons Generated in Thermochemical Processes
Authors: Silva Valdislaine , Pessoa Filho José , Sousa Raquel , Carvalho Solidônio , Borges Valério , Ferreira Cassius , Starling Maria Clara , Trovó Alam
Published: January 2021

This paper reports a method for simultaneous determination of H2, O2, N2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, C3H4 (propadiene and propyne), C3H6, C3H8 and C4H10 (n-butane and iso-butane) by gas chromatography using thermal conductivity and flame ionization detectors. A single porous layer open tubular column (0.53 mm internal diameter × 30 m length × 30 μm thick) was applied and no catalytic converter was needed to convert CO and CO2 into CH4 to enable identification by a flame ionization detector. The most appropriate chromatographic conditions were defined for the method and it was validated according to the recommendations of the National Health Surveillance Agency and the National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality. Chromatographic conditions defined for the target gases presented satisfactory linearity (r > 0.99), and limits of detection ranged between 0.0916 and 2.75 ppm. High accuracy (98-101%) obtained for the gas chromatography/thermal conductivity detector/flame ionization detector method associated to low relative standard deviation (< 2%) confirmed its applicability in routine quantification of target gases formed during the pyrolysis of municipal refuse-derived fuel.
SOSIO EMOSIONAL DALAM MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MASALAH TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR KIMIA DITINJAU DARI KOGNITIF SISWA MADRASAH ALIYAH
Authors: Hidayah Malikhatul
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan prestasi bela- jar kimia dengan kondisi sosio emosional yang mencipkatan suatu kondisi yang belajar yang baik,efektif serta efisien: (1) antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran eksplorasi, elaborasi, konfirmasi (EEK), (2) terhadap pengaruh interaksi model pembelajaran dengan gaya kognitif, (3) antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembela- jaran berbasis masalah dan pembelajaran EEK pada siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif field independent, dan (4) antara siswa yang mengikuti model pembelajaran berbasis masalah dan EEK pada siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif field dependent. Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen dengan rancangan faktorial 2x2 posttest only control group design. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X  Madrasah Aliyah Walisongo Jepara tahun pela- jaran 2013/2014. Pengambilan kelas penelitian berdasarkan teknik intake kelas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif dan Anova dua jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) perbedaan signifikan terhadap variable prestasi belajar kimia dan kondisi sosio emosional siswa se- cara bersama-sama (F=2,944; p0,05). Artinya, prestasi belajar kimia dan kondisi sosio emosional siswa bersama-sama menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara model pembelajaran; (2) interaksi antara model pembela- jaran dan gaya kognitif secara bersama terhadap prestasi belajar kimia dan kondisi sosio emosional siswa (F=47,456; p0,05); (3) perbedaan signifikan variabel model pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar kimia dan kondisi sosio emosional siswa untuk siswa yang bergaya kognitif field independent (F=34,337; p0,05); (4) perbedaan signifikan variabel model pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar kimia dan kondisi sosio emosional siswa untuk siswa yang memiliki gaya kognitif field dependent (F=17,912; p0,05).
ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN DASAR MENGAJAR MAHASISWA CALON GURU KIMIA (STUDI PADA PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN MAHASISWA TADRIS KIMIA)
Authors: S Mulyatun
Published: January 2021

Pembekalan praktis kependidikan bagi mahasiswa calon guru di LPTK mutlak diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi calon guru ke- tika terjun di dunia pendidikan. Pembekalan ini dapat dilakukan melalui berbagai kegiatan, diantaranya melalui praktik pengajaran secara mikro (microteaching) maupun melalui praktik mengajar secara riil di sekolah (Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan).  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menge- tahui tingkat penguasaan keterampilan dasar mengajar calon guru Tadris Kimia Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Walisongo pada kegiatan Praktik Pengala- man Lapangan (PPL).Penelitian dilaksanakan di Program Studi Tadris Kimia Fakultas Tar- biyah IAIN Walisongo Semarang dengan melibatkan mahasiswa Tadris Kimia yang mengambil mata kuliah Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan. Data diperoleh dengan metode observasi pada kegiatan pembelajaran di kelas oleh mahasiswa calon guru Kimia. Delapan keterampilan dasar mengajar mahasiswa diamati dan dianalisis pada pelaksanaan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan  meliputi  (1)  Keterampilan  bertanya,  (2)  Keterampilan  mem- beri penguatan, (3) Keterampilan mengadakan variasi, (4) Keterampilan menjelaskan, (5) Keterampilan membuka dan menutup pelajaran, (6) Ket- erampilan membimbing diskusi kelompok kecil, (7) Keterampilan menge- lola kelas, (8) Keterampilan mengajar kelompok kecil dan perorangan.Delapan keterampilan dasar mengajar Mahasiswa Tadris Kimia pada pelaksanaan PPL secara keseluruhan adalah baik dangan persentase pe- nilaian mencapai 69,59%. Keterampilan dasar mengajar mahasiswa Tad- ris Kimia yang paling menonjol adalah ketrampilan memberi penguatan (74,14%), sedangkan ketrampilan yang paling rendah adalah keterampilan mengadakan variasi (64,86%).
PENINGKATKAN KETUNTASAN DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA KELAS XB SEMESTER I SMA NEGERI I GUBUG MENGGUNAKAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN PADA POKOK BAHASAN GERAK LURUS TAHUN PELAJARAN 2013 / 2014
Authors: Rahmadi Deny
Published: January 2021

Dari data hasil belajar Fisika Pokok Bahasan Besaran dan Satuan nilai rata-rata siswa kelas  XB SMA Negeri I Gubug tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 masih di bawah 6,0. Ini menunjukkan masih rendahnya ketuntasan belajar siswa kelas   XB SMA Negeri I Gubug tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 Kabu- paten Grobogan tahun pelajaran 2013/2014 dimana KKM yang ditetapkan oleh Sekolah adalah 75. Proses pembelajaran dalam penelitian ini mengu- nakan modul pembelajaran fisika.Obyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XB SMA Negeri I Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan tahun pelajaran 2013/2014. Data penelitian dianalisis secara teknik diskriptip. Dari analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar mengalami peningkatan dibanding sebelum menggunakan modul pembelajaran. Begitu juga un- tuk hasil belajar afektif, kognitif dan psikomotor mengalami peningkatan dalam tiap siklusnya.
BERTUHAN TANPA AGAMA?
Authors: Suyono Yusuf
Published: January 2021

Manusia adalah makhluk misterius, karena dibekali fakultas akal yang bisa melahirkan pemikiran-pemikiran yang sangat menge-jutkan penalaran awam. “Against religion, why we should try to live without it? “, “Spirituality yes, organized religion no “, “God is dead “ dan be¬la¬¬kangan “Bertuhan tanpa agama" adalah contoh-contoh pemi¬kir¬an yang dilahirkan oleh manusia lewat fakultas akal yang dimilikinya itu. Contoh-contoh itu bisa diambil nilai po¬sitif¬nya yaitu ba¬gaimana menjadikan agama resmi yang di¬peluk manusia ini fungsional untuk kebaikan ma¬nusia. Agama harus mem¬bawa kebaikan bagi peme¬luk¬nya khususnya dan manusia umum¬nya, kare¬na agama haki¬kat¬nya adalah ajaran-ajaran berupa petunjuk-petunjuk yang misinya mem¬ba¬ha¬gia¬kan manu¬sia. Sebab kalau tidak diambil nilai posi¬tifnya, pernyataan-pernyataan seperti itu akan mem¬buat para agamawan keba¬karan jenggot. Demi¬kian juga, pernyataan-pernyataan tersebut harus dipahami secara filosofis karena per¬nyataan-per¬¬nyataan ter¬sebut dalam dunia filsafat merupakan hal yang abash-absah saja. Kata Kunci: Impossible being, necessary being, al-Iktinah, eksis¬ten¬¬sialisme, Prima Causa
PEMIKIRAN PEMBARUAN TEOLOGI ISLAM SYAH WALI ALLAH AD-DAHLAWI
Authors: Munir Ghazali
Published: January 2021

Pemikiran pembaruan teologi Islam Syah Wali Allah ad-Dahlawi tidak hanya berfokus terhadap ajaran Islam tertentu belaka, tetapi bersifat komprehensif. Baik terhadap aspek politik, pemahaman terhadap ajaran Islam, dan lainnya. Serta menyeru untuk kembali kepada al-Qur’an dan as-Sunnah, dan mayoritas sahabat dan tabi’in. Aspek politik, ia mengajak kembali pada sistem khulafa’urrasyidin, mendamaikan perbedaan paham yang ada pada mazhab, membersihkan kepercayaan dari non Islam, ijtihad disesuaikan dengan tuntutan zaman
PAHAM INGKAR SUNAH DI INDONESIA (STUDI TENTANG PEMIKIRANNYA)
Authors: Khon Abdul Majid
Published: January 2021

Paham Ingkar Sunah Indonesia timbul dari ketidak tahuannya tentang status Sunah dalam beragama dan tentang fungsi Sunah  terhadap al-Qur’an. Semangat belajar mereka hanya pada  al-Qur’an. Tetapi  sayangnya mereka sangat minim penguasaan ilmu-ilmu dasar untuk memahami al-Qur’an seperti bahasa Arab,  tata bahasa dan  sastranya, ilmu-ilmu Tafsir dan lain-lain. Mayoritas  ide-ide penolakan  Sunah ditransfer dari orientalis yang sengaja meng­hembuskan di dunia Islam untuk menyesatkan umat. Inti  pandangan mereka  bahwa dalam beragama  hanyalah al-Qur’an karena kesem­pur­­naannya sedangkan Sunah atau hadis dipan­dang sebagai dongeng yang diciptakan oleh se­bagian umat Islam belakangan. Mengikuti Hadis mimicu perpecahan umat yang  meneybabkan kelemahan dan kehancuran umat
MENYEMAI NASIONALISME DARI SPIRIT AGAMA: UPAYA MEREDAM RADIKALISME BERAGAMA
Authors: Amin Nasihun
Published: January 2021

Indonesia adalah negara yang paling majemuk. Harus diakui bahwa pengelolaan terhadapnya merupakan pekerjaan yang tidak mudah. Apalagi meleburkan dalam sebuah pemahaman bahwa dalam kemajemukan tersebut ada kesatuan yang harus dipegang dan diperjuangkan bersama. Oleh kjarena itu, Sumpah Pemuda yang didengungkan pada 28 Oktober 1928  adalah prestasi luar biasa yang patut mendapatkan apresiasi. Demikian pula, kesanggupan para pendiri bangsa, terutama yang berbasis agama Islam,  untuk dan demi nasionalisme  kemudian mereka menundukkan egoisme karena adanya posisi mayoritasnya juga harus mendapatkan   penghargaan. Hanya saja, belakangan ini, di beberapa kalangan semangat nasionalisme sedikit mulai melemah justru karena dipicu oleh semangat keagamaan. Mengingat kondisi demikian, maka perlu ditumbuhkan semangat nasionalisme berbasis spirit agama sehingga menjadi seorang pemeluk agama sejati adalah seorang nasionalis sejati
REFLEKSI HISTORIS PENDIDIKAN RASULULLAH Potret Untuk Pendidikan Karakter Anak Bangsa
Authors: AHMAD ASKAR
Published: January 2021

Pendidikan karakter adalah kata kunci untuk membentuk dan memperkuat kepribadian anak bangsa. Kartakter yang kuat merupakan modal utama dalam mengembangkan bangsa yang berperadaban untuk memasuki percaturan dan persaingan yang semakin mengglobal. Bangsa yang berkarakter kuat sangat ditentukan oleh proses pendidikan. Proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran yang berkarakter merupakan kunci utama bagi terbentuknya kepribadian yang berkarakter, hal ini sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh proses pendidikan dan pembelajaran yang dilalui dan dikembangkan oleh Rasulullah saw.
HADIS PREDIKTIF DALAM KITAB AL-BUKHARI
Authors: Idris Abdul Fattah
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This study of predictive hadith in the book al-Bukhārī give results; first, that all the predictive sanad are sīngle transmission (aḥad). The predictive hadith through sīngle transmission cannot be credible when it occurs tadlīs, suspicion and ghaira ittiṣāl (not continued). Second, the predictive of matan hadith is a tradition which should not be leaned by the Prophet. However, it is learned by the companions of the Prophet. Is name is mauquf hadith, If is leaned by tabi'in or itba' tabi'in generation, it is called a maqtu’. The state of validity in matan predictive Hadith, depends on the state of the validity in sanad of Hadith. The state of avoiding disability (‘illat) of hadith sanad, is very decisive against the state on the validity of hadith matan, However, the state of validity on the hadith sanad is not necessarily a validity on the hadith matan. Therefore, some of predictive of hadith in book of Sahih al-Bukhari found disability in sanad of Hadith and in matan of hadith. In short, the direct or indirect predictive hadith in the the book of al-Bukhārī has disability ('illat), because it contains the contrary to the Qur'an, a political nature, and theological and dogmatic feud. Abstrak: Studi terhadap hadis prediktif dalam kitab al-Bukhārī ini memberi tiga hasil; pertama bahwa semua sanad predikif itu merupakan transmisi tunggal (aḥad). Hadis prediktif melalu transmisi tunggal tidak kredibel ketika terjadi tadlīs, kecurigaan, dan ghaira ittiṣāl (tidak bersambung). Kedua, bahwa matan hadis prediksi sebuah hadis yang seharusnya tidak di-marfu‘-kan kepada Nabi, tetapi merupakan hadis mauquf yang disandarkan kepada sahabat, dan maqtu‘ yang disandarkan kepada tābi‘īn atau itba‘tābi‘īn. keadaan kredibilitas matan hadis prediksi, tergantung pada keadaan kriteria sanad hadis. Kriteria terhindar dari ‘illat (cacat) pada sanad hadis adalah sangat menentukan terhadap keadaan kredibilitas matan hadis, tetapi keadaan kredibilitas pada sanad hadis tidak serta merta menjadi kredibilitas pada matan hadis. Sebagian matan hadis prediktif dalam kitab Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī mempunyai ‘illat dalam sanad hadis dan ‘illat dalam matan hadis. Matan hadis-hadis prediksi yang diteliti baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung adalah mengandung ‘illat karena bertentangan dengan al-Quran, mengandung hal-hal yang bersifat politis, serta mengandung pertentangan teologis dan dogmatis. Keywrods: Hadis, Sunnah, Kriteria, Sanad, Matan, dan Prediktif