bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Über Personenverkennung nach dem Muster des sogenannten Capgras-Symptoms nnd verwandte Phänomene
Authors: Klempel K.
Published: February 2010

Two cases observed by the author illustrate that the phenomenon of false recognition of a double, named after Capgras, may be formally interpreted in just as many ways as Scheid has shown for false recognition of persons in general. The mistaken identification of doubles has been known as a rare form of false recognition and phenomenologically delineated in the literature since Kahlbaum (1866).
Die Bedeutung von Werthaltungen für die Schizophrenie
Authors: Erichsen F.
Published: February 2010

Personal attitudes are relevant to psychosis. They are reduced to essentials and split into the absolute antinomy of good and evil. This splitting process is seen by such different authors as Piaget, Binswanger, Klein and Selbach. By means of the splitting process, the person assures himself of his good valences, but incommodes himself, on the other hand, with the tension of incongruent dynamics. A compromise between these incongruent dynamics is hindered by rigidity and rigorism, which influence the preschizophrenic person and alienate him from reality. The instability of the preschizophrenic, his affective-cognitive inconsistency, was important in this context.
Larvierte Depressionen
Authors: Glatzel J.
Published: February 2010

The Masked Depression Syndrome is to be observed in two types which overlap eachother smoothly, i.e. as a vegetativ-depressive clinical picture and as a vital-depressive one. The expression masked depression is not a lucky one. The paper points out that such an expression means a peculiar characteristic of an endo-genic depression in which sadness is not the main symptom of the clinical picture. A masked depression in that sense is to be found not only within the clinical picture of a cyclothymia, i.e. either in a monopolar depressive, or in a bipolar manic-depressive clinical picture, but also during the course of a schizophrenia or within the endogenic field of limit cases as in the vitalised chronical depressive mood in neurotic depressions.
Interpretation als psychopathologische Methode
Authors: Peters U.H.
Published: February 2010

The object of a methodical reflexion is an attempt establish interpretation as a conscious method of psychiatry. This attempt was stimulated by the presently leading methodical directions of structuralism with reference to the original structuralistic idea and not its realisation in the so-called «French structuralism». Since psychopathology in the same way as linguistics and literature is equipped with a very complex and often verbal substratum it seems appropriate to follow these disciplines also as far as method is concerned taking into consideration the particularities of psychiatry at the same time. Among them is above all a more precise way to determine the procedure for interpretation. We can see that interpretative procedures can particularly easily be used in 4 different areas of interest of psychiatry: 1. Interpretation of the individual psychiatric case from a clinical-diagnostic as well as scientific viewpoint. 2. Interpretation of case histories. The interpretative evaluation of many case histories for the creation of general principles case study method). 3. Interpretation of the individual psychopathological phenomenon in its particular form and in its relation to the psychopathological context (analysis of phenomena). 4. Interpretation of the causes of a psychopathological clinical picture (causal-genetic diagnostic).
Glossolalia and Hallucination in Pentecostal Congregations
Authors: Goodman Felicitas D.
Published: February 2010

A diachronic study of glossolalia utterances in Apostolic congregations in Mexico produced evidence of an attenuation in this behavior over time. Similar observations also resulted regarding hallucinations. However, the two behaviors are integrated differently into the belief systems of these congregations. An analysis shows that this may be due to the significant differences between glossolalia and hallucination both in acquisition and rate of attenuation. The regularity of this attenuation makes it possible to distinguish the religiously interpreted behavior from pathological processes, while pointing up the dependence of the cultural structure of behavior on physiological processes.
Hysteria
Authors: Verbeek E.
Published: February 2010

The hysterical personality means an infantile personality plus ‘something extra’. This ‘extra’ which complements the infantilism of hysteria, are determined by the following constellation of factors: (1) an immature, underdeveloped, emotional personality with a feeble identity; (2) due to the relatively great need for warding off emotional influences, the personality is more vulnerable to emotional stress; (3) a predisposition to deficient repression, leading to insufficient mental defence; (4) an auxiliary auto-regulation in the form of states of lowered consciousness and convulsions or fits, to keep the overwhelming emotional influences outside his awareness. Freud elucidated the dynamic relationships in an impressive way; he described all that can be called neurotic in hysteria. But we know that hysteria encompasses more than various types of neurosis, and can also manifest itself in psychotic and psychopathic-like patterns of behaviour.
Zum Problem der epileptischen Psychosen
Authors: Hunger J.
Published: February 2010

Description of a case with epileptic psychosis symptomatically identical with schizophrenia and demonstrating the phenomenon of forced normalization.
Schizophrenie und Rigidität
Authors: Richtberg W.
Published: February 2010

The study presents an analysis of the relations between ‘cognitive rigidity’ (defined as a specific kind of discriminative learning) and 'personal rigidity' in schizophrenics and normals. The specific conditions of thinking and learning of the Luchins’ test used in our study reveal the cognitive rigidity to be significantly reduced in schizophrenics compared with normal groups, whereas schizophrenics tend to a considerable rigidity in their social relations. These findings are discussed under aspects of the overinclusion concept and the psychoanalytic theory of ego defence. Similar findings are reported of aging persons, whose social rigidity increases the more their cognitive functions are disturbed.
Suicidal Behaviour: An Attempt to Modify the Environment
Authors: Lukianowicz N.
Published: February 2010

A study was made of 91 women who following a suicidal attempt were admitted to a psychiatric hospital in Antrim, Northern Ireland, in 1971. The personality, psychiatric condition, intelligence, civil state, social class and religion of these patients were analyzed and compared with the same factors in a group of 100 female patients treated after a suicidal attempt in the same hospital in 1962 and 1963. The aim of the inquiry was to find out: (1) whether there were any changes in the incidence of suicidal attempts and in the methods used now and in 1962; (2) whether our hypothesis that suicidal behaviour is gain-motivated would be confirmed by the 1971 group of women. The findings in both groups seem to suggest that (1) the incidence of the suicidal attempts has almost doubled in the last decade; (2) there was a 20-percent decrease in alcohol abuse, and a 25-percent increase in drugs abuse within the last 10 years; (3) it would appear that, with the exception of the psychotic and psychopathic patients, in both groups of patients their suicidal behaviour was goal- and gain-directed, and aimed at changing the environment to the patient's benefit.
Letzte Aufzeichnungen – eine Analyse von 223 nach vollendeten Suiziden hinterlassenen Briefen und Mitteilungen
Authors: Kulawik H. , Decke D.
Published: February 2010

In this paper, 223 notes and messages left behind by suicides are subjected to a systematic analysis. Both the formal aspects and the contents are scrutinized. Contrary to expectations, the number of farewell lines written by women increased with advancing age. More than three-fourths of the messages left behind by elderly persons were very scanty or relatively short. In over one-third of the cases recorded, aggressive statements increase with advancing age in women, but decrease in the case of men. Moreover, with progressing age in women, there is a noticeable increase in self-accusatory statements as well. The motive for suicide mentioned with the greatest frequency is illness. In the second part of the paper, the findings are discussed and the author presents a number of inferences that are of practical value in suicide prevention work and the treatment of the suicide-prone.
Zum Krankheits-, Normen- und Verantwortungsbegriff in der psychiatrischen Begutachtung
Authors: Hunger J.
Published: February 2010

Every psychiatric forensic opinion is decisively determined by the underlying concepts of illness, norm and freedom of choice. Certain preconceived views which are used in forensic assessments to differentiate between offenders who are mentally ill or who are the product of a neurotic-psychopathic maldevelopment require re-examination. These views are a purely somatic concept of illness, a purely statistical concept of norm, or a concept of freedom based solely on philosophy.
Kreislaufanalytische Untersuchungen während der Herzübung des autogenen Trainings
Authors: Drunkenmölle C. , Lantzsch W.
Published: February 2010

In ten persons suffering from functional heart complaints without objective findings investigations of the circulatory system were performed during the heart exercises of the autogenic training. There was a decrease of heart-beat-volume and heart-minute-volume as well as of amplitude of blood pressure with a simultaneous increase of peripheral vascular resistance. The statistical significance was tested by the X-Test according to van der Waerden. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, speed of pulse wave and volume elasticity coefficient did not change.
The Psychiatric Syndrome of Infestation
Authors: Hopkinson G.
Published: February 2010

The history of the condition is traced from 1892 until the present day and the various views concerning the syndrome are examined. Eight patients exhibiting the syndrome are described, and the likely diagnoses discussed. It seems likely that delusions of infestation, whether based on haptic hallucinations or not, may arise in the course of a functional psychosis, an organic psychosyndrome or in the absence of demonstrable psychosis. In respect of these latter cases the question of delusions, or delusion-like ideas and the problem of paranoia are discussed.
Ein Vergleich der Aufnahmesituation zwischen langfristig hospitalisierten und wieder entlassenen Schizophrenen
Authors: Hartmann Wolfgang , Pauls Edlef
Published: February 2010

In comparing the case-records of discharged and long-term hospitalized schizophrenic patients it was found that the latter tended to be older, had been ill longer, had been isolated more often, were disadvantaged socially and had been admitted to hospital compulsorily; they had been more frequently diagnosed as defect schizophrenics and less rarely had adequate physical treatment. In conclusion it appears that long-term hospitalization is but the final outcome of a long drawn out process which is decisively influenced by social factors.
Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand der psychiatrischen Nichtsesshaftenforschung
Authors: Ritzel Günther
Published: February 2010

The frequency and forms of vagrancy are discussed. Following a historical review the results of psychiatric research into vagrancy conducted in the German-speaking world since the beginning of the 20th century are described against the background of the overall development of the discipline of psychiatry. Finally the present state of our knowledge of cause and origin of vagrancy is reported with special reference to social causes, and new research openings are shown.
Schizophrenia: Outcome in a Birth Year Cohort
Authors: Larson C.A. , Nyman G.E.
Published: February 2010

153 schizophrenic men from southern Sweden, hospitalized for schizophrenia and born between 1881 and 1900, experienced poor or favorable outcome independently of presence or absence of regressive schizophrenia in their sibs or parents. Homotypy for outcome was not observed within schizophrenic families. Poor prognosis was significantly more common in men with early onset of schizophrenic symptoms than in men with late manifestation of schizophrenia.
Beitrag zur Lithiumintoxikation bei therapeutischer Lithium-Serum-Konzentration
Authors: Waldmann K.-D. , Greger J. , Kluge H. , Gröschel W. , Zahlten W. , Hartmann W.
Published: February 2010

Toxic manifestations are reported, occurring during prophylactic lithium treatment of a woman with periodic depressions. They appeared as neurological and gastrointestinal symptoms as well as an organic psychosyndrome while the serum lithium level was within therapeutic levels. The connection of the earlier-mentioned symptoms and the lithium therapy could be established; the organic psychosyndrome appeared also to be due to the lithium. Particular aspects of the relations between lithium dosage and lithium serum levels, as well as changes in the potassium serum levels for the entire time of the treatment are described and discussed.
Bedrohliche Katatonie: Entität oder multigenetisches Syndrom?
Authors: Schmidt R.M. , Zacher G.
Published: February 2010

Using 50 case histories, an attempt is made to clarify the nosographic and clinical validity of fulminating catatonia as an entity amongst the psychoses. Four groups could be established: fulminating catatonia without organic disease; somatic diseases with fulminating catatonia; catatonic excitement states with an intercurrent organic process, and unclassifiable fulminating catatonia. On the basis of this analysis the syndrome cannot be regarded as possessing the characteristics of a special psychosis. Rather it seems more appropriate to regard fulminating catatonia as a nonspecific symptom complex induced by a multilayered causation.
Psychopathologische Syndrome bei Epilepsien
Authors: Diehl L.W.
Published: February 2010

Systematic presentation of psychopathological syndromes in epilepsy makes evident that the preoccupation with these phenomena is important to clarify essential problems in general psychiatry. There is a division into reversible and irreversible psycho-pathological syndromes. The different complexes of symptoms can nevertheless overlap. There is no nosologic specificity of psychopathological phenomena in epilepsy, which corresponds to general psychiatric experience. The division presented is to be understood as a coordinate system. The current state of development of pathological cerebral dysfunctions in an epileptic person is thus to be recorded in its course on the strength of psychopathological effects.
Polygraphische Reaktionstypen auf individual-spezifischen Stress
Authors: Müller E. , Presslich O. , Schuster P. , Zapotoczky H.G.
Published: February 2010

Thirty-two patients with neurotic, particularly polyphobic, disorders were polygraphically investigated (as regards their EEG, heart rate, respiratory rate, skin resistance and blinking rate) while at rest and while exposed either to nonspecific or to patient-specific verbal stimulation. The psychophysical values thus obtained were compared with data obtained from a list of psychic as well as autonomic symptoms. The conventional diagnostic categories of the neuroses did not correspond to any typical physiological patterns; but some such patterns do appear to be linked to certain abnormal affective states.
Zur Problematik des schizophrenen Selbstmordes, diskutiert an einem besonderen Fall
Authors: Ringel E. , Sonneck G.
Published: February 2010

With the help of an extensive self description written over a short period during the initial stages of a schizophrenic illness, a reconstruction could be made of the development of the psychosis as well as of a so-called ‘typical’ schizophrenic suicidal act. An attempt was made to differentiate the illness from ‘mediumistic psychoses’ as described by Bender (1972). The development towards the suicide, the passage through the characteristic stages and the establishment of the presuicidal syndrome were demonstrated. We believe that this case can contribute to a better psychopathological understanding of the suicidal tendency which builds up gradually at the beginning of a schizophrenic psychosis. The suicidal behavior on the other hand which often breaks through suddenly in advanced processes does require further detailed investigations.
Zur Psychopathologie zyklothym-depressiver Verläufe
Authors: Glatzel J.
Published: February 2010

Only some of the main symptoms of cyclothymic depression can be considered as autochthonic. The syndrome which usually constitutes the clinical picture of cyclothymia, and determines its transformation in the course of time, is the result of the patient’s coping patterns with the impairments caused by the illness and the modifications of the expectations of those with whom they interact. At the beginning, both sides try to keep the behavioral nonconformity below the level of social perception. Later on, the environment reacts to the behavioral disorder of the patient, branding him as mentally ill, and finally, the patient finds in his depressive delusions a new pseudo-identity, which allows him through his delusionally newly adopted role to create new interactional relationships, and in this way to achieve a partial come back to social life.
Der langfristige Verlauf schizophrener Späterkrankungen im Vergleich mit Schizophrenien aller Lebensalter
Authors: Gabriel E.
Published: February 2010

Bleuler’s (5) findings on the long term course of schizophrenias are compared with my own findings on the long term course of so called late onset schizophrenias as defined by Bleuler (4). The comparison is used to establish the characteristics of the entire course and of the tendencies of the later course (1.1–1.4 and 2.1–2.3). Similarities were found in the frequency of episodic courses and in the relative stability of the later course tendencies. Differences were found in the greater number of chronic courses, and in the rarity of recoveries after acute episodes, and also in the large number among our own cases of poor psychosocial adjustment after prolonged illnesses in later age. The significance of psycho-organic deterioration in old age is stressed as a factor in assessing the long term course of late onset schizophrenias as here defined.
Visual Evoked Responses and their Dispersion Pattern in Neurotic Patients
Authors: Crighel E. , Matei M. , Rosianu C.
Published: February 2010

The AVER (averaged visual evoked responses) and the DP (a pattern of dispersion resulting from the variability of each time point locked to the stimulus onset: D = f [t]) were studied in neurotics in comparison with controls. In neurotics without depression and/or anxiety the AVERs were normal and the DPs showed a shortening of the second period; in neurotics with depression and/or anxiety the AVERs were also normal but the second period of the DPs disappeared.
The Principle of Separate Responsibility and the Therapeutic Community
Authors: Silbermann R.M. , Schalken H.F.A. , de Jong H.
Published: February 2010

Within a psychiatric hospital it has been attempted to realize a maximum number of the elements of the therapeutic community. Problems here are the short median stays of patients and the rapid turnover of both patients and staff. What is more, a basic problem of the therapeutic community was encountered, namely that the interests of the individual patient and of the patients as a group are considered as identical. Thus there came about the development of the principle of separate responsibility, whereby a division of responsibility is made between the individual patient and the unit. Work is carried out by multidisciplinary and largely democratized teams.
Sexual and Other Abnormalities in the Family of a Transsexual
Authors: Hoenig J. , Duggan Elaine
Published: February 2010

A case of transsexualism with homosexuality of Kinsey type 6 is described, in whose maternal kinship were found a large number of persons with various types of sexual abnormalities including one case of probable transsexualism. The pattern of intermarriage produces from generation to generation an increasing number of children with such abnormalities. The patient and a number of relatives also show epilepsy. That disorder seems to exist mainly in the paternal kinship, and the coexistence of transsexualism and epilepsy in the patient seems coincidental.
A Motivation Evaluating Rating Scale for Chronic Impaired Schizophrenics (MERS)
Authors: Maller O.
Published: February 2010

The attempt is made to structure a rating scale intended to evaluate the motivational level of chronic impaired schizophrenics (defect-schizophrenia). The need for such a measuring tool is stressed, considering mainly the relatively poor symptomatology of these patients, the difficulties to discern changes in the patients’ condition and the fact that lack of motivation basically features the schizophrenic impairment. The scale strives to be as comprehensive as possible, extending from the lowest biological level to the highest social and cultural aspects of motivation.
über den Einfluss psychoorganischer Beeinträchtigung im Alter auf den Verlauf sogenannter Spätschizophrenien
Authors: Gabriel E.
Published: February 2010

Empirical findings are reported concerning the relationship between psychoorganic deterioration in old age and the course and clinical symptoms (delusions, presenting symptoms) of the so-called late schizophrenias. The probands were reexamined in their senium decades after the onset of the illness. A significant relationship was found between severe psychoorganic deterioration occurring in old age and a chronic course of the psychoses, generally and particularly in the senium, and between severe psychoorganic deterioration and the occurrence of schizophrenic thought-disorder as the main symptom. Absent or slight psychoorganic deterioration in old age was found significantly co-related to manic-depressive dysthymia as the main symptom. Further development of delusions appears to be independent of the degree of psychoorganic deterioration in old age.
Zur Frage einer zyklischen Basisstruktur neurotischer Störungen
Authors: Güttel B. , Schubert H. , Zapotoczky H.G.
Published: February 2010

The working hypothesis could be confirmed that a nuclear syndrome (Basis-syndrom) consisting of alterations in drive and mood as well as in autonomic activation, possibly contributing to neurotic disorders, is independent of such factors as sex, education, premorbid personality, duration of illness, age at onset of the illness, social mobility during the illness, number of pregnancies, family history, occupation, marital state, social class compared with that of parents, social contacts, or past physical illnesses. It was shown in a sample of 50 neurotic outpatients that the factor ‘past illnesses’ influenced the number of vegetative symptoms prior to therapy. The effect of psychotherapy on psychic and vegetative disturbances was greater in women with children, i.e., not in occupations. In patients whose social class was not changed during the illness, the number of vegetative symptoms diminished more than in the others. In all the other cases, improvement was not related to the factors mentioned. This can be interpreted as supporting the hypothesis.
Changing Time Perception with Antidepressant Drug Therapy
Authors: Edelstein E.
Published: February 2010

A pilot study on the time sense of ten depressed patients was performed before and during, as well as after, antidepressant therapy with tricyclic compounds. Short time spans were measured by two methods, giving them two different tasks. Measurements were performed in the morning as well as evening hours, in order to take into account diurnal variations. Accuracy of time estimation was considerably deviant. All except one patient overestimated time. With improvement, time sense also improved. Errors were still greater in the morning. The value of the results are discussed.
Confabulation of Denial in Senile Dementia
Authors: Gainotti Guido
Published: February 2010

Some forms of confabulation (‘confabulation of denial’) seem due to the need to deny demential dissolution by replacing information pointing to illness with expressions .suggesting normal health and efficiency. Seventy-six unselected patients affected by senile dementia were investigated in order to study the relationships between confabulation of denial and (a) stage attained by the demential process; (b) degree of memory loss, and (c) personality features and cultural models of the patients. Confabulations of denial were absent in the initial and the most advanced stages of dementia, whereas they frequently occurred in the stages of state and of evolution of illness. Memory loss did not seem to be directly responsible of the symptom, while personality features and social cultural models seemed to have a definite valence in the development of confabulation of denial. Some implications of these findings are discussed.
Treatment with Reserpine of Patients Resistant to Tricyclic Antidepressants
Authors: Hopkinson G.H. , Kenny F.
Published: February 2010

The literature concerning the therapeutic effects of the administration of reserpine to patients who fail to respond satisfactorily is discussed briefly. A double-blind study was conducted on 14 patients; eight were given 5 mg of reserpine i.m. and six were given 2 ml of normal saline on 2 successive days. The administration of the tricyclic antidepressants the patients had been taking, was continued. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale was administered on the day before treatment was commenced, and repeated on the fourth day. Statistical analysis revealed that the patients who received reserpine showed a highly significant improvement of a good quality. The mean fall in the Hamilton rating for the placebo group was 6 points, and in the reserpine group it was 18.87. The therapeutic significance of the findings is discussed.
Zum Längsschnittverlauf atypischer Psychosen
Authors: Hofmann G. , Grünberger J. , Hofmann H.
Published: February 2010

An attempt was made to classify the atypical psychoses according to crosssectional psychopathological criteria. We were able to separate two groups from a group of benign schizophrenics. The latter served more as a comparison group and were in every way similar to the nuclear group, except for a better social prognosis.
Psychologische Untersuchungen bei Patientinnen mit Mammakarzinom (Pilotstudie)
Authors: Drunkenmölle C.
Published: February 2010

A pilot study was undertaken on patients with breast carcinoma to establish guidelines for improvements in patient care and health education. Of 113 patients who were asked to attend for examination after they had completed ray therapy only 40 turned up. After a half hour exploration the patients were asked to fill in the following: a complaints inventory questionnaire according to Hess; the Raven’s progressive matrices; the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; the 16-PF of Cattell et al, and a questionnaire regarding attitudes to the illness. The connections between fear and length of delay were discussed. It appears possible to distinguish neurotic from non-neurotic patients with carcinoma. A few working hypotheses were developed which could be tested on a larger number of patients.
Konzepte und Vorzüge von Kurztests in der Psychopathologie
Authors: Lehrl S. , Kinzel W. , Knapp G. , Schubert H.
Published: February 2010

The term ‘short test’ (Kurztest) can signify a number of diverse concepts. An attempt was made to arrange these concepts systematically. This may have practical significance, as short tests in psychopathology assume growing importance and the terminology for purposes of communication will become more differentiated and precise. Short tests need not be of lower quality than normal procedures. On the contrary, particularly in the area of psychopathology, short tests can have a higher validity and reliability.
Gruppenexperiment zur Frage der Urteilskonvergenz und Realitätseinschätzung Schizophrener bei optischem Reizangebot
Authors: Hartwich Peter , Steinmeyer Eckhard
Published: February 2010

Eight acute schizophrenics were examined individually and in groups as to their congruence of judgement and as to their accuracy in estimations in response to various visual stimuli; they were compared in these respects with neurotics. The analysis of variance of the power of judgement showed: (a) there was no difference in the two groups of patients beyond what could be expected by chance alone, and (b) the congruence of judgement was the same in both groups. The analysis of variance of the accuracy in estimations showed that with increasing numbers of stimuli in the visual field the schizophrenics became less and less precise in their estimates. It was demonstrated under what conditions social-psychological findings can be applied to schizophrenic psychoses.
Delirium metabolicum und erstarrende Rückbildungsdepression im höheren Lebensalter
Authors: Dietrich Heinz
Published: February 2010

A melancholic-schizophrenic mixed psychosis is described in a 64-year-old man. It was diagnosed as a ‘rigid (or catatonic) involutional depression’ (Medow, 1922), showing besides hypochondriacal, nihilistic and micromanic delusions, a transient delusional syndrome of ‘Delirium metabolicum’ (Mendel, 1902), with zo-anthropy. An attempt was made to avoid the differential diagnostic classification of that clinical picture into involutional melancholia (296.0) and paranoid psychosis of involutional age (197.1) which, as in so many psychoses of the older age groups, is quite inadequate. Thus the psychopathological phenomena of the psychosis, which after all are the only reliable data, were attributed on the one hand to the senile deterioration and slight but demonstrable arteriosclerosis of the brain, and on the other hand, to the conspicuous premorbid characteristics which correspond to an anankastic psychopathy with a depressive-inadequate basic mood. It was considered as likely that the Delirium metabolicum represented an exogenous (organic) psychotic syndrome, and that the precipitation of the psychosis as well as its development into an enfeebled endstate was due to an organic brain lesion, while the catatoniformpsychomotor phenomena and the melancholic stupor were crystalisations of traits in the premorbid personality.
Kreislaufanalytische Untersuchungen bei Patienten mit essentieller Hypertonie während der ersten und zweiten Standardübung des autogenen Trainings
Authors: Lantzsch W.L. , Drunkenmölle C.
Published: February 2010

A group of ten hypertensive patients were examined as to their circulation at rest, before, and during, the first and second standard exercises of autogenic training. During the exercise there was a significant reduction in cardiac time volume. The expected simultaneous decrease in the total peripheral resistance could not be demonstrated by our methods. Its apparent rise is interpreted as a result of its dependence on the heart beat volume, but can also be understood as an abnormal reaction of a pathological functional state. To clarify this further it would be necessary to establish an isolated determination of that circulatory parameter. It could be shown that the minute-volume component of hypertension can be affected by autogenous training.
Plasma and Erythrocyte Concentrations of Lithium
Authors: Zerbi F. , Fenoglio L. , Tosca P.
Published: February 2010

The authors have studied the clinical response, EMG and EEG changes in 12 depressed patients after 28 days of lithium carbonate treatment of 1,200 mg daily. The findings confirm: (1) a high correlation between the degree of improvement and the RBC lithium: plasma lithium ratio on the 28th day; (2) a slight decrease in motor conduction velocity (m.c.v.) and increase of M-response duration during lithium treatment; (3) no correlation between EEG and lithium levels and percentage of improvement.
The Effect of Trance on Memory Content
Authors: Goodman Felicitas D.
Published: February 2010

In a Yucatecan crisis cult of short duration, the millenary expectations are remembered long after the dissolution of the cult. So is Satan who, it is felt, tempted the congregation. The cultural innovations instituted during the cult, however, are almost immediately forgotten. The differential recall is shown to be related to the quality of the trance behavior during the cult and to the threatening versus neutral content of the memory material.
Exogene Psychose eines Patienten mit Karzinoidsyndrom nach Behandlung mit p-Chlorophenylalanin (PCPA)
Authors: Gruner W.
Published: February 2010

A case is reported of a patient with carcinoid syndrome who developed a exogenous psychosis while under treatment with the serotonin-inhibitor Ρ-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Partial symptoms similar to delirium and schizophrenia were exhibited. The attached literature survey focuses on the psychological side effects of PCPA treatment. A discussion follows concerning noteworthy phenomenological similarities between the case reported and certain forms of amphetamine psychosis. Common biochemical mechanisms are hypothetically stated.
Clinical Treatment of post partum Delirium with Perfenazine and Lithium Carbonate
Authors: Silbermann R.M. , Beenen F. , de Jong H.
Published: February 2010

Despite the development of psychopharmaceutical therapy, post partum delirium was difficult to treat. The patients remained psychotic for long periods and the course was of the disease capricious due to the many relapses. A comparative study of two groups, one consisting of 6 patients and the other of 13, all with a typical post partum delirium was carried out. The symptomatic treatment of this syndrome with a combination of perfenazine and lithium carbonate produced relatively favorable results in our clinic. For the time being, at any rate, it seems to be the medication of choice.
Zur Informationsmenge bei der diagnostisch-therapeutischen Entscheidung des Psychiaters
Authors: Steinmeyer Eckhard M. , Hartwich Peter
Published: February 2010

So far, little systematic work has been done to investigate how information regarding psychiatric cases should best be presented in order to facilitate important medical decisions. For each of three groups of diseases: (a) schizophrenic reaction, paranoid, (b) manic-depressive, depressed, and (c) anxiety neurosis, we have described four different cases, systematically varying both quantitatively and qualitatively the information in each description. Categorical judgement was given by 15 psychiatrists on a nine-step rating scale with regard to three dimensions. In order to investigate the constancy of the judgements, the method of scaled pair comparisons was used according to the law of comparative judgement. After examination of the adequacy of the scaling models, the following results, among others, were obtained from the scale scores: the discrimination of the two cases of psychoses was highly significant, that of the anxiety neurosis was not significant.
Induzierter „Dermatozoenwahn“
Authors: Mester H.
Published: February 2010

Although only about 240 cases of ‘acarophobia’ are on record in zoological and medical literature, it can be seen that this delusional syndrome without doubt leads to psychoses of association more frequently than any other mental disturbance. The literature contains many references, and the author can give two examples from personal experience. At least every sixth patient suffering from delusions of parasitosis ‘infects’ relations. This really remarkable tendency to spread by psychological contagion on one or more dependent persons has been ignored by many writers. The supposition that such occurrences are very rare proves to be false. Sometimes the associated who acquired the symptoms in an absolutely identical fashion seem to be more worried by the vermin they hallucinate than the initiators are. The number of patients constituting an affected group is following a Neyman distribution. Emphasis is laid on the finding that the proportion of consanguineous persons within the sample of patients who showed an induced delusion of parasitosis is by far less high than in other psychopathological forms of communicated insanity.
Structural Heterogeneity Alone Is a Sufficient Substrate for Dynamic Instability and Altered Restitution
Authors: Engelman Zoar J. , Trew Mark L. , Smaill Bruce H.
Published: February 2010

Background—

Marked changes in ventricular APD restitution and associated alternans rhythm have been demonstrated in structural heart disease (SHD). However, whether this is due to structural heterogeneity or regional variation in cellular properties remains uncertain. In this study, we address the hypothesis that the structural heterogeneity associated with SHD is sufficient to alter dynamic restitution and increase the probability of electric instability.

Methods and Results—

Activation was simulated in a 14�14 mm
2
domain in the presence and absence (control) of a central region containing nonuniform discontinuities resembling patchy fibrosis. A modified LR1 cardiac activation model was used in a bidomain formulation with isotropic conductivities. Bipolar stimulation was imposed above the central region with coupling intervals decreasing progressively from 500 ms and then maintained at 105 ms. Structural discontinuities had little effect on electric activation at low stimulus rates, but activation time and APD distributions became highly nonuniform within and adjacent to the discontinuous region at high rates. Discordant APD alternans occurred in both “fibrosis” and control, but at lower stimulus rates and with markedly greater extent in the former. Tortuous conduction through the discontinuous region resulted in large fluctuations of diastolic intervals giving rise to regional electric instability, which modulates dynamic conduction velocity and APD restitution. This led to heterogeneous conduction block and reentry not observed in control.

Conclusions—

We show that structural discontinuities can amplify discordant alternans and provide a rate-dependent substrate for reentry. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms by which fibrosis may contribute to arrhythmogenesis.
Characterization, Mapping, and Catheter Ablation of Recurrent Atrial Tachycardias After Stepwise Ablation of Long-Lasting Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rostock Thomas , Drewitz Imke , Steven Daniel , Hoffmann Boris A. , Salukhe Tushar V. , Bock Karsten , Servatius Helge , Aydin Muhammet Ali , Meinertz Thomas , Willems Stephan
Published: February 2010

Background—

Atrial tachycardias (AT) often occur after ablation of long-lasting persistent AF (CAF) and are difficult to treat conservatively. This study evaluated mechanisms and success rates of conventional mapping and catheter ablation of recurrent ATs occurring late after stepwise ablation of CAF.

Methods and Results—

A total of 320 patients underwent de novo ablation of CAF using a stepwise ablation approach in 2006 to 2007 at our institution. This study comprised patients who presented with recurrent ATs at their first redo procedure after initial de novo CAF ablation. All procedures were guided by conventional mapping techniques exclusively. Sixty-one patients (63�10 years, 14 women) presented with their clinical AT at their redo procedure 7.7�4.4 months after initial de novo CAF ablation. A total of 133 ATs (2.2�0.9 per patient) were mapped. Forty-four (72%) were due to reentry; 17 (28%) were focal ATs. Reentry ATs were mainly characterized as roof and perimitral flutter (43% and 34%, respectively). Focal ATs mainly originated from the great thoracic veins (pulmonary veins: 41%, coronary sinus: 23%). Forty-five (74%) patients had conduction recovery of at least 1 pulmonary vein (mean, 1.2�0.8). Overall, 124 (93%) ATs could be ablated successfully. The mean procedure duration was 181�59 minutes, with a mean fluoroscopy time of 45�21 minutes. After a mean follow-up of 21�4 months, 50 (82%) patients were free of any arrhythmia recurrences after a single redo procedure.

Conclusions—

Although late recurrent ATs may have complex mechanisms, catheter ablation guided exclusively by conventional techniques is highly effective with excellent acute and long-term success rates.
Activation of the ROCK1 Branch of the Transforming Growth Factor-β Pathway Contributes to RAGE-Dependent Acceleration of Atherosclerosis in Diabetic ApoE-Null Mice
Authors: Bu De-xiu , Rai Vivek , Shen Xiaoping , Rosario Rosa , Lu Yan , D'Agati Vivette , Yan Shi Fang , Friedman Richard A. , Nuglozeh Edem , Schmidt Ann Marie
Published: February 2010

Rationale
:

The multiligand RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products) contributes to atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein (Apo)E-null mice.

Objective
:

To delineate the specific mechanisms by which RAGE accelerated atherosclerosis, we performed Affymetrix gene expression arrays on aortas of nondiabetic and diabetic ApoE-null mice expressing RAGE or devoid of RAGE at nine weeks of age, as this reflected a time point at which frank atherosclerotic lesions were not yet present, but that we would be able to identify the genes likely involved in diabetes- and RAGE-dependent atherogenesis.

Methods and Results
:

We report that there is very little overlap of the genes that are differentially expressed both in the onset of diabetes in ApoE-null mice, and in the effect of RAGE deletion in diabetic ApoE-null mice. Pathway-Express analysis revealed that the transforming growth factor-β pathway and focal adhesion pathways might be expected to play a significant role in both the mechanism by which diabetes facilitates the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in ApoE-null mice, and the mechanism by which deletion of RAGE ameliorates this effect. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy in aortic tissue and in primary cultures of murine aortic smooth muscle cells supported these findings.

Conclusions
:

Taken together, our work suggests that RAGE-dependent acceleration of atherosclerosis in ApoE-null mice is dependent, at least in part, on the action of the ROCK1 (rho-associated protein kinase 1) branch of the transforming growth factor-β pathway.
Aortic Arch Curvature and Atherosclerosis Have Overlapping Quantitative Trait Loci in a Cross Between 129S6/SvEvTac and C57BL/6J Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice
Authors: Tomita Hirofumi , Zhilicheva Svetlana , Kim Shinja , Maeda Nobuyo
Published: February 2010

Rationale
:

Apolipoprotein E-null mice with a 129S6/SvEvTac strain background (129-apoE) develop atherosclerotic plaques faster in the aortic arch but slower in the aortic root than those with a C57BL/6J background (B6-apoE). The shape of the aortic arch also differs in the 2 strains.

Objective
:

Because circulating plasma factors are the same at both locations, we tested the hypothesis that genetic factors affecting vascular geometry also affect the location and extent of atherosclerotic plaque development.

Methods and Results
:

Tests on the F2 progeny from a cross between 129-apoE-null and B6-apoE-null mice showed that the extent of atherosclerosis in the aortic arch is significantly correlated in males, but not in females, with the shape of arch curvature (
r
=0.34,
P
<0.0001) and weakly with the arch diameter (
r
=0.20,
P
=0.02). Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified 2 significant peaks for aortic arch lesion size on chromosome 1 (105 Mb, LOD=5.0, and 163 Mb, LOD=6.8), and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 15 (96 Mb, LOD=4.7). A significant QTL for aortic root lesion size was on chromosome 9 (61 Mb, LOD=6.9), but it was distinct from the QTLs for arch lesion size. Remarkably, the QTLs for susceptibility to atherosclerosis in the arch overlapped with a significant QTL that affects curvature of the arch on chromosome 1 (121 Mb, LOD=5.6) and a suggestive QTL on chromosome 15 (76 Mb, LOD=3.5).

Conclusions
:

The overlapping QTLs for curvature of the aortic arch and atherosclerosis support that the ontogeny of the aortic arch formation is a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Hyperlipidemia and Reduced White Matter Hyperintensity Volume in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Biffi Alessandro , Rahman Rosanna , Kanakis Allison , Butler Christi , Sonni Shruti , Massasa Efi , Cloonan Lisa , Gilson Aaron , Capozzo Karen , Cortellini Lynelle , Ois Angel , Cuadrado-Godia Elisa , Rodriguez-Campello Ana , Furie Karen L. , Roquer Jaume , Rosand Jonathan , Rost Natalia S.
Published: February 2010

Background and Purpose—

White matter hyperintensity (WMH), or leukoaraiosis, is a radiologic finding generally assumed to reflect diseased small cerebral vasculature. WMH has significant functional impact through its relation to cognitive decline and risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Accumulating evidence suggests that some manifestations of small-vessel disease such as intracerebral hemorrhage are associated with low levels of cholesterol. We sought to determine the relation between hyperlipidemia and WMH severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods—

We analyzed 2 independent, hospital-based AIS cohorts. Demographic and clinical data were collected prospectively. WMH was measured using semiautomated volumetric image analysis and a semiquantitative visual grading scale. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the relation between WMH severity and study variables.

Results—

A total of 631 and 504 subjects in the first and second cohorts, respectively, were included. In univariate analyses, advancing age and hypertension were associated with severity of WMH (
P
<0.001) in both cohorts. In the multivariable analysis, after controlling for age, sex, and significant risk factors in the univariate and age-adjusted analyses, patients with a history of hyperlipidemia had less severe WMH in both cohorts (
P
<0.01).

Conclusions—

Results from 2 independent cohorts demonstrate that AIS patients with a history of hyperlipidemia have less severe WMH at the time of stroke. These data support the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia may play a relatively protective role in cerebral small-vessel disease.