bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the stomach in adults: An analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics and molecular genetics
Authors: Wu Ruinuan , Zhao Yali , Wu Xikang , Gui Huihui , Liu Xia , Liu Zhaohui
Published: December 2024

Isolated gastric Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) occurs extremely rarely in adults. We characterized the clinicopathological and molecular genetics of this rare entity. We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathologic and prognostic features of 3 patients with isolated gastric LCH during the past 10 years, with a review of an additional 20 patients from the literature. A total of 23 patients with isolated gastric LCH were included in this study. There were 15 males and 8 females, with a mean age of 44.5 (median, 48; range, 21–68) years. Stomach discomfort and abdominal pain were the most common presenting symptoms. The lesions were mainly concentrated in the gastric body and antrum (21/23). Gastroscopy often revealed an elevated lesion/polyp. Molecular tests showed that BRAF-V600E gene mutations were found in 10/11 (42%) patients, while none of the patients (0/5) harbored KRAS gene mutations. None of the 23 patients received further treatment. Twenty patients had follow-up results (from 4 to 66 months). One patient with atypical morphological features died of unknown cause 2 months after removal of the tumor. One patient was found to have secondary lesions in the skull and axillary region. The other 18 patients survived without any evidence of disease progression during the follow-up period. In the daily diagnosis of gastroscopic biopsy, it is necessary to be aware of the possibility of LCH in patients with lesions in the gastric body or antrum if endoscopy reveals bulge/polypoid changes and heavy microscopic inflammation. In addition, we should be alert to the possibility of LCH with malignant transformation if the histological morphology exhibits tumor cell nucleoli and mitotic figures or necrosis. The immunohistochemical marker CD56 may help differentiate between LCH and Langerhans cell sarcoma when the morphology is difficult to determine. Molecular detection has shown that the mutation rate of BRAF in gastric LCH is up to 90.9%; more work is needed as the number of cases is small. Current data show a good prognosis for isolated gastric LCH in adults, but long-term follow-up for early detection of disease progression or systemic involvement is necessary.
Genetic variation and clinical phenotype analysis of hypermethioninemia caused by MAT1A gene mutation: Case report
Authors: Mu Jialin , Li Yulin , Sun Meng , Li Panpan , Wang Jingyun , Zou Hui
Published: December 2024

Rationale:

The high clinical heterogeneity of hypermethioninemia caused by MAT1A gene defects has resulted in a paucity of studies examining the association between clinical phenotypes, biochemical characteristics, and gene mutations in this patient group. Furthermore, the indications for therapeutic interventions in patients remain unclear. The objective of this study is to provide a foundation for clinical diagnosis, genetic counseling, and follow-up management of hypermethioninemia caused by MAT1A gene defects.

Patient concerns:

A retrospective analysis of children with hypermethioninemia at Jinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2016 to December 2023 was performed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The screened and diagnosed children were tested for gene mutations using second-generation sequencing technology and confirmed using Sanger sequencing.

Diagnoses:

Newborn MS/MS screening for diseases demonstrated an elevated methionine level, which was outside the reference range. Upon recalling the newborns, the methionine levels remained elevated, necessitating further refinement of genetic testing. Ultimately, genetic testing confirmed hypermethioninemia, which was attributed to a mutation in the MAT1A gene.

Interventions:

The intervention for the patients in this study took the following forms: regular follow-up without treatment (n = 3), intake of methionine-free milk powder without any medication (n = 4), intake of methionine-free milk powder with some medication, and eventually liver transplantation (n = 1).

Outcomes:

A total of 14 mutation types were detected, including 3 compound heterozygous mutation types (c.926G > T, c.37_38delCT, and c.316G > A) that have not been previously reported. One patient had monoheterozygous mutations, including the novel mutation c.550-1G > A. Eight cases were monitored over time, 7 of which demonstrated typical growth and development. One infant with growth retardation was fed a special formula lacking methionine. The patient underwent liver transplantation. Subsequent follow-up examinations showed methionine and homocysteine levels within normal limits and no further neurological manifestations.

Lessons:

Compound heterozygous mutations c.874C > T and c.896G > A may result in higher levels of methionine, affecting the central nervous system. For newborns with initial methionine levels of >500 µmol/L, treatment with a low-Met diet is recommended. Liver transplantation may be beneficial for children with severe hypermethioninemia, particularly in preventing central nervous system damage.
A rare perspective: fine-needle aspiration cytologic features of hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease: A case report
Authors: Shi Xiang , Wangsun Yingyuan , Wan Meiping , Li Sanyan
Published: December 2024

Rationale:

Castleman disease, also known as Castleman syndrome, is a rare, nonmalignant lymphoproliferative disorder. The localized subtype of this disease is primarily the hyaline vascular type of Castleman disease (HVCD). Although this disease is a benign lesion, the histologic features are similar to those of some malignant lymphomas, so an accurate diagnosis of the disease is required. Lymph node hyperplasia lesions are usually diagnosed mainly by relying on biopsy histopathology, but the surgical process is time-consuming and expensive, and a part of patients usually refuse to undergo this examination method. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a convenient, rapid, minimally invasive test for surface masses, and patients often receive cytopathology results in as little as a few minutes. Currently, there are few reports on the pathological features of FNAC in HVCD, so our cytopathological experience of using FNAC for rapid diagnosis of HVCD and other diseases that need to be differentiated are described in detail to give some meaningful references to the pathologists in recognizing HVCD from a rare cytological point of view.

Patient concerns:

A late 50s female patient presented to the hospital with a single subcutaneous enlarged nodule in the right side of the neck, which had been present for >6 months. The nodule exhibited a relatively clear border, and the patient presented with no signs of pain, no skin damage, and no other notable symptoms, but was concerned about the benignity or malignancy of the enlarged nodule.

Diagnoses:

To determine the exact diagnosis of the neck nodule, the patient first underwent FNAC, followed by surgical excision of the neck nodule for histopathologic examination.

Interventions:

Since HVCD is a benign lesion and the superficial neck nodes were removed by minimally invasive surgery, the patient did not receive any other interventions.

Outcomes:

We successfully and accurately diagnosed the rare HVCD using FNAC. Histologically similar lesion features of HVCD were successfully observed in cytology. The cytologic pattern of HVCD is distinctly different from that of other benign lymphoid tissue proliferative lesions or metastatic carcinomas.

Lessons:

This case shows important cytologic features for the diagnosis of HVCD using FNAC. The FNAC results showed abundant follicular dendritic cells and transparent blood vessels, and these cytologic features recapitulate the histopathologic alterations that were seen in HVCD. So by observing these cytologic features can help us to make an accurate diagnosis of HVCD using FNAC.
Umbilical needling therapy for neck pain during pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Zheng Lifang , Yao Shana , Jin Yabei , Sun Zhanling
Published: December 2024

Rationale:

Neck pain during pregnancy is a common disease during pregnancy. It is urgent to find a safe and effective method without side effects. Acupuncture therapy including umbilical needling has been widely used in many diseases. But there is no report in such cases.

Patient concerns:

We report a case of umbilical needling therapy for neck pain during pregnancy and explore its possible mechanism of action. A 35-year-old Chinese woman was pregnant for more than 7 months and had neck pain for 1 week.

Diagnoses:

Neck pain was diagnosed in Western medicine, and neck arthralgia in traditional Chinese medicine. The syndrome differentiation was wind-cold arthralgia.

Interventions:

One patient with neck pain during pregnancy was treated with umbilical needling. According to the 12 branches and the 8 trigrams in the umbilicus, the umbilical needling Zhuque 3 acupuncture and di Tiantai guayi acupuncture were used to treat neck pain during pregnancy. The clinical improvement was evaluated by the changes in clinical symptoms and signs and the improvement rate of the Visual Analogue Scale score.

Outcomes:

After 7 times umbilical needling treatments, the improvement rate of neck pain symptoms and Visual Analogue Scale score of pregnant women reached 100%.

Lessons:

These results show that umbilical needling therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of neck pain during pregnancy without affecting the fetus. Umbilical needling in neck pain treatment during pregnancy should be further investigated.
Subarachnoid anesthesia for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease treatment: A case report
Authors: Qin Zhengshan , Zhao Xin , Feng Jianguo , Li Jie
Published: December 2024

Rationale:

Sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD) is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting young males. This case report details the perioperative anesthetic management of a patient undergoing SPD surgery under subarachnoid anesthesia.

Patient concerns:

A 48-year-old obese male (body mass index 28 kg/m2) presented with recurrent sacrococcygeal swelling, pain, and purulent discharge for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a pilonidal sinus in the left subcutaneous sacrococcygeal region, with additional findings of degenerative vertebral changes and left paracentral disc protrusion at the fourth or fifth lumbar vertebrae.

Diagnoses:

SPD with abscess formation.

Interventions:

Following comprehensive evaluation, the patient underwent SPD excision under subarachnoid anesthesia. Lumbar puncture was performed at the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae interspace, and 2 mL of 0.6% ropivacaine was administered, achieving a sensory block up to the eighth thoracic vertebra level. The patient experienced transient respiratory difficulty during positional change from supine to prone, necessitating immediate reassessment of the block level and appropriate management. Vital signs were closely monitored intraoperatively, with meticulous postoperative follow-up.

Outcomes:

The surgery was completed successful with stable hemodynamics. No significant anesthesia-related complications were observed within 24 hours postoperatively.

Lessons:

Thorough preoperative assessment of local and systemic infection status is essential in SPD patients undergoing subarachnoid anesthesia. Intraoperative positional changes may affect the level of subarachnoid block, requiring vigilant monitoring of vital signs and respiratory function. Postoperative care should focus on potential anesthetic complications and wound care requirements. Individualized anesthetic management strategies are crucial for ensuring patient safety.
Impact of different teaching modes on medical students’ performance under the scoring criteria for multiple-choice questions: A meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Zhang Zhuo , Yu Ye , Jiang Mengqi , Deng Lili , Guo Lianying
Published: December 2024

Background:

Comparing the impact of different educational modes on medical students’ performance under the scoring criteria for multiple-choice questions, would provide a basis for selecting more appropriate and effective teaching modes for talent development.

Methods:

We searched databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science to collect publications on the comparison of medical students’ performance under the scoring criteria for multiple-choice questions and different teaching modes, with a focus on studies conducted between 2015 and 2024. Chinese search terms included multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice exam, medical students, flipped classroom, simulation teaching, team-based learning, and blended teaching. Equivalent English search terms were “multiple-choice questions,” “multiple-choice exam,” “medical student,” “flipped classroom,” “simulation teaching,” “team-based learning,” and “blended teaching.” Two researchers independently conducted publications screening, data extraction, and quality assessment, and performed meta-analysis using R 4.3.0 software.

Results:

This study included a total of 24 publications, among them 6 on flipped classroom teaching, 13 on simulation teaching, 2 on team-based learning, and 3 on blended teaching, covering 13 countries and involving 2086 participants in the experimental group and 2113 participants in the control group. Using scores from multiple-choice questions as the criterion, flipped classroom teaching and simulation teaching demonstrated significantly higher scores compared to traditional teaching, with standard mean differences (MDs) of 0.39 (95% CI: 0.14–0.65) and 0.33 (95% CI: 0.18–0.48), respectively. However, team-based learning and blended teaching showed no significant differences in scores compared to traditional teaching, with standard MDs of 0.48 (95% CI: −0.36 to 1.31) and −0.63 (95% CI: −1.85 to 0.59), respectively.

Conclusion:

Compared to traditional teaching, flipped classroom teaching and simulation teaching were more beneficial for students’ performance. It is recommended to continue implementing high-quality flipped classroom teaching and simulation teaching to address the challenges in medical education reform.
Examining a multigenerational nursing workforce
Authors: Hinthorne Summer
Published: December 2024

Healthcare institutions are observing cohorts of nurses from diverse generational backgrounds, each bringing their values, perspectives, and approaches to the profession.
Exploring the Impact of a Targeted Positive Psychological Intervention on Healthcare Workers' Subjective Happiness
Authors: Dunn Nancy , Nash Sara , Howard Paul , Whitney Lora Elizabeth , Gau Jeff , Ryan-Anzur Frieda , Halm Margo
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to generate new knowledge to improve healthcare worker (HCW) happiness.

BACKGROUND

Already trending upward, HCW burnout spiked during the pandemic reaching rates of 49% to 69%.

METHODS

This unblinded randomized controlled trial studied a positive psychological intervention's (PPI) impact on subjective happiness among 183 HCWs in a 644-bed community healthcare organization. The intervention had 2 phases: 1) reading The Happiness Advantage by Shawn Achor; and 2) participating in a 21-day challenge to adopt evidence-based happiness-boosting practices.

RESULTS

A statistically significant increase in subjective happiness was found in the intervention group compared with the control group over the 6-month follow-up period. Within the intervention group, subjective happiness was sustained by 70% at the 18-month follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

Offering the PPI may increase HCWs' subjective happiness. The study design should be strengthened and replicated.
Prioritizing protein targets for dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular diseases using Mendelian randomization in South Asians
Authors: Wu Siwei , Smith Alexander , Huang Jingxian , Otto Georg W. , Ko Yi-Hsuan , Yarmolinsky James , Gill Dipender , Rohatgi Anand , Tzoulaki Ioanna , Meena Devendra
Published: December 2024

South Asians are at higher risk of dyslipidaemia-a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We aimed to identify protein targets for dyslipidaemia and CVDs in this population. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, supplemented with MR-Egger, weighted median, colocalization, and generalized MR (GMR), to evaluate the effect of 2,800 plasma proteins on high/low/non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C/LDL-C/nonHDL-C), total cholesterol, and triglycerides. Observational analyses were conducted on MR findings with strong colocalization (posterior probability≥ 80%) and GMR findings. Univariate MR assessed lipid-associated proteins' effect on CVDs. Finally, we compared the potential causal effects of plasma proteins on lipids in South Asians with those in Europeans to study heterogeneity in the MR effects. We identified 29 genetically proxied proteins potentially causal to at least one lipid measure, 12 of which showed strong colocalization and GMR evidence, including ANGPTL3 and PCSK9. Notably, PCSK9 demonstrated a stronger association with LDL-C in European compared to South Asian (βEuropean= 0.37; 95% Confidence Interval (CI)= (0.36, 0.38), βSouth Asian= 0.16; 95% CI= (0.11, 0.21)). Observational analysis suggested significant interaction between PCSK9 levels with LDL-C levels in South Asians with South Asians having a significantly lower effect compared to other ethnicities (PCSK9*South Asian; β= -0.14; 95% CI= (-0.174, -0.107)). Additionally, we showed that CELSR2 is also linked with CAD in South Asians. Our study highlighted potential causal links between plasma proteins, dyslipidaemia, and CVD in South Asians, with significant heterogeneity across genetic ancestry groups. Larger studies in South Asians are needed to validate these findings.
Using text embeddings for deductive qualitative research at scale in physics education
Authors: Odden Tor Ole B. , Tyseng Halvor , Mjaaland Jonas Timmann , Kreutzer Markus Fleten , Malthe-Sørenssen Anders
Published: December 2024

We propose a technique for performing deductive qualitative data analysis at scale on text-based data. Using a natural language processing technique known as text embeddings, we create vector-based representations of texts in a high-dimensional meaning space within which it is possible to quantify differences in meaning as vector distances. To apply the technique, we build off prior work that used topic modeling via latent Dirichlet allocation to thematically analyze 18 years of the Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings literature. We first extend this analysis through 2023. Next, we create embeddings of all texts and, using representative articles from the 10 topics found by the LDA analysis, define centroids in the meaning space. We calculate the distances between every article and centroid and use the inverted, scaled distances between these centroids and articles to create an alternate topic model. We benchmark this model against the LDA model results and show that this embeddings model recovers most of the trends from that analysis. Finally, to illustrate the versatility of the method, we define eight new topic centroids derived from a review of the physics education research literature by Docktor and Mestre and reanalyze the literature using these researcher-defined topics. Based on these analyses, we critically discuss the features, uses, and limitations of this method and argue that it holds promise for flexible deductive qualitative analysis of a wide variety of text-based data that avoids many of the drawbacks inherent to prior NLP methods.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
MoNeRF: Deformable Neural Rendering for Talking Heads via Latent Motion Navigation
Authors: Li X. , Ding Y. , Li R. , Tang Z. , Li K.
Published: December 2024

Novel view synthesis for talking heads presents significant challenges due to the complex and diverse motion transformations involved. Conventional methods often resort to reliance on structure priors, like facial templates, to warp observed images into a canonical space conducive to rendering. However, the incorporation of such priors introduces a trade‐off‐while aiding in synthesis, they concurrently amplify model complexity, limiting generalizability to other deformable scenes. Departing from this paradigm, we introduce a pioneering solution: the motion‐conditioned neural radiance field, MoNeRF, designed to model talking heads through latent motion navigation. At the core of MoNeRF lies a novel approach utilizing a compact set of latent codes to represent orthogonal motion directions. This innovative strategy empowers MoNeRF to efficiently capture and depict intricate scene motion by linearly combining these latent codes. In an extended capability, MoNeRF facilitates motion control through latent code adjustments, supports view transfer based on reference videos, and seamlessly extends its applicability to model human bodies without necessitating structural modifications. Rigorous quantitative and qualitative experiments unequivocally demonstrate MoNeRF's superior performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art methods in talking head synthesis. We will release the source code upon publication.
Comparative Analysis of the Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Aged and Young Bone Marrow‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis
Authors: Wakale Shital , Chen Yang , Sun Antonia Rujia , Liyanage Chamikara , Gunter Jennifer , Batra Jyotsna , Crawford Ross , Sang Hongxun , Prasadam Indira
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA), a joint disease, burdens global healthcare due to aging and obesity. Recent studies show that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) contribute to joint homeostasis and OA management. However, the impact of donor age on BMSC‐derived EV efficacy remains underexplored. In this study, we investigated EV efficacy from young BMSCs (2‐month‐old) in mitigating OA, contrasting them with EVs from aged BMSCs (27‐month‐old). The study used destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery on mouse knee joints to induce accelerated OA. Cartilage degeneration markers and senescence markers' expression levels were investigated in response to EV treatment. The therapeutic impact of EVs on chondrocytes under inflammatory responses was also evaluated. Despite having similar morphologies, EVs from young BMSCs markedly decreased senescence and improved chondroprotection by activating the PTEN pathway while simultaneously suppressing the upregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathways, proving to be more effective than those from older BMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injections of EVs from young donors significantly mitigated OA progression by preserving cartilage and reducing synovitis in a surgical OA model using DMM in mice. These findings highlight that donor age as a critical determinant in the therapeutic potential of BMSC‐derived EVs for clinical use in OA treatment.
Creating Value on the Inside: Design‐Driven Innovation to Create New Meanings for Internal Stakeholders
Authors: Hayhurst Emily , Haats Tim
Published: December 2024

Design‐driven innovation (DDI) is an approach to innovation that focuses on creating new meanings for the products and services a company offers. DDI differs from other forms of innovation, which are typically more so driven by the development of breakthrough technologies or on addressing current market needs. It is argued that DDI is an effective approach to creating value and promoting the growth of a company. Research regarding DDI has largely focused on the outcomes for end‐users or overall company growth. While these outcomes are important, a lot goes on behind the scenes to successfully deliver them. Internal stakeholders such as managers and employees are responsible for delivering these outcomes, and research regarding value creation for them is currently limited. This paper serves as a starting point for further research by presenting a critical literature review that investigates how DDI could be a catalyst for innovation and growth through the creation of new meanings for internal stakeholders involved in the development of products and services. The result of this literature review is the identification of possible areas for intervention and a proposal for further primary research.
Patient Ecosystem Mapping (PEM): Supporting System‐Shifting in Healthcare
Authors: Inns Tom
Published: December 2024

Many approaches to innovation are active in the health sector, the majority derived from the world of quality improvement. While these methods are potent and can yield significant results, when used in healthcare they frequently concentrate on individual patient pathways or specific components of a healthcare system ‐ yet many of the challenges in healthcare are associated with patient and staff experiences and the poor interfaces between different parts of a service.

In the conventional quality improvement (QI) toolbox there are relatively few methods that support exploration of these more holistic challenges. Design and systems thinking, however, have much to offer. Design thinking has methods and frameworks that put the user at the centre, encourage divergent and convergent thinking, promote early prototyping & iteration and support collaboration through visualisation. Systems thinking helps map the complex connections and relationships between different actors and elements within a system, it explores flows & feedback loops and encourages looking at the system in its entirety from the perspectives of events, trends, connections and mindsets.

To translate design and systems thinking into action, healthcare professionals need design and systems methods that are framed around their very particular challenges, are described in the vocabulary of health and complement existing paradigms of quality improvement.

This paper describes how a Patient Ecosystem Mapping methodology has been developed that enables a healthcare team to build a ‘London Underground’ style map of the patient pathways within which they work and then use this to reflect on potential improvements. The principles of the mapping process are described.

Examples of how the Patient Ecosystem Mapping methodology has been used on various projects and Scotland and Northern Ireland are described. The maps have acted as Boundary Objects, breaking down silos and empowering teams to take ownership of their areas of healthcare. The way different frameworks from systems thinking, such as the iceberg model, have been used to help review the maps is also described.

The work is a case study in how design and systems thinking principles can be integrated into a working method with real world value. The work is also a case study in how non‐design professionals (from healthcare) can be upskilled in design approaches.
Ideological backtracking in ethnic parties: The case of the Swedish People's Party of Finland
Authors: Fittante Daniel , Himmelroos Staffan
Published: December 2024

Scholars have examined the effects of mainstreaming on ethnic parties in various geopolitical contexts throughout Europe. These ethnic parties consistently promote socially liberal policies, constrain ‘illiberal’ actors and prevent democratic backsliding. However, the mainstreaming of right‐wing populist (or far‐right) parties in Europe is causing mainstream ethnic parties to change their behaviours in some unexplored ways, too. In this analysis, we argue that right‐wing populists can cause ethnic parties to experience political relapse—that is, to backtrack on non‐ethnic ideological issues, thereby appearing to compromise on socially liberal policies. Political relapse occurs when ethnic and right‐wing populist parties must work together (such as in coalition governments). While political relapse can polarize and fragment ethnic parties, it also yields some strategic upshots—namely, by appealing to more conservative and disaffected voters. Based on the Swedish People's Party of Finland, this analysis explores the aftermath of the political relapse, which occurred as a result of the leadership's decision to form a coalition government with Finland's influential right‐wing party, the Finns Party, in 2023.
Infaunal and biogeochemical response to sand capping: insights from a laboratory study
Authors: Ahlmann Katrine G. , Quintana Cintia O. , Debrabant Kristian , Lo Andrea , Kristensen Erik
Published: December 2024

Managed realignment (MR) is a nature restoration approach, converting reclaimed areas threatened by sea‐level rise into marine habitats. However, the ecological functioning of newly formed marine ecosystems remains poorly understood, particularly concerning the suitability of newly inundated soils to support marine life. This study bridges that knowledge gap by examining how two infaunal species are affected by sand capping of fine‐grained and compact sediment after MR of Gyldensteen Coastal Lagoon, Denmark. Understanding these effects is crucial for successful MR outcomes. Our study focuses on the burrow‐dwelling polychaetes, Hediste diversicolor and Marenzelleria viridis, to elucidate the interplay between sand capping, sediment properties, and polychaete behavior. Results showed that sand capping influenced the two polychaetes differently. Hediste diversicolor had higher recovery without sand capping, whereas M. viridis showed higher recovery with sand capping. Bioturbation analysis also revealed differences in burrow ventilation and bioirrigation between the two species. Hediste diversicolor caused higher net ventilation in uncapped than sand capped sediment, while the opposite was apparent for M. viridis, corresponding with their highest (83 and 50%) recovery of individuals. The bioirrigation coefficient (α) from non‐local transport models similarly revealed that sand capping increased bioirrigation for M. viridis while inhibiting solute transport for H. diversicolor. Sand capping impacts benthic metabolism and biogeochemistry, with implications for species survival and ecosystem dynamics. Capping fine‐grained sediment with coarse sand favors certain infaunal species while hampering others. While this study was of relatively short duration, further research is needed to understand the long‐term consequences of sand capping.
Ponderación de factores asociados con la inseguridad alimentaria en hogares beneficiarios del Paquete Alimentario Familiar, Distrito Especial de Medellín 2022
Authors: Agudelo Martínez Maria Alejandra , Medina Rodríguez Mauricio , Bello Durán Luis Alberto , Torres Jaramillo Sara Valentina , Cifuentes Cuartas Juliana , Rengifo Hernández Karen Dayana
Published: December 2024

La inseguridad alimentaria y nutricional (INSAN) es la disponibilidad limitada para acceder a alimentos. Para el año 2015 la prevalencia de INSAN en los hogares del Distrito de Medellín fue del 53,6 %. Ante esta problemática el Distrito Especial de Medellín desarrolla la estrategia de Paquete Alimentario Familiar, cuyos beneficiarios se focalizan a partir de 10 variables sociodemográficas y la Escala Latinoamericana y Caribeña de Seguridad Alimentaria (ELCSA).
El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la ponderación entre los factores individuales y del hogar con el nivel de INSAN en familias beneficiarias de la estrategia Paquete Alimentario Familiar en el Distrito de Medellín, 2022.
Para ello, se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, de cohorte transversal, con disponibilidad del dato retrospectivo. Se tomaron 4 985 registros de familias participantes de la estrategia Paquete Alimentario Familiar correspondiente al año 2022, fueron analizadas variables individuales y del hogar en relación con la INSAN. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, inferencial y multivariada.
Como resultado, las variables incluidas en el modelo multivariado explican en un 19,5 % la presencia de INSAN severa en la población (R2 de Nagelkerke). Por el peso porcentual de cada variable se observa que aquellas que más contribuyen a explicar el evento de interés fueron: edad, ocupación, nivel educativo y desplazamiento forzado del jefe de hogar, y tener miembros del hogar con discapacidad.
De esta manera, se concluye que las variables incluidas en el instrumento de focalización poseen diferente peso al explicar la presencia de INSAN severa. Esta información es relevante para actualizar criterios de focalización dentro de proyecto con el fin de utilizar el recurso de forma más eficiente.
Communication in the Interdisciplinary Health Team in Intensive Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Herrera Corpas Katerine , Gómez Bustamante Edna
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Interdisciplinary communication is an essential component in intensive care. This is a specialized and multidimensional environment that requires continuous interaction among health team members. Effective communication is fundamental to patient outcomes, quality care, and safety. Objective: To describe the category "Communication: a key element for the interaction of nurses with the interdisciplinary team." Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using grounded theory analytical tools as per Corbin and Strauss. Twelve nurses from an adult intensive care unit participated. The sample was determined by data and theoretical saturation. In-depth interviews were conducted. Results: Communication is a key element for nurses' interaction with the interdisciplinary team. The following subcategories emerged: involving the team in patient care, precise and consistent communication, understanding and building empathy, communicating with trust and respect, and communication interference. Conclusions: The participating nurses consider communication an essential process in their interaction with the interdisciplinary health team. It serves as a means to exchange information, make joint decisions, and is characterized by being constant and fluid. They also recognize situations where communication interference occurs.
New “Flies” Around the Landfill
Authors: Nemo Leslie
Published: December 2024

Drones, planes, and satellites equipped with sensors are detecting methane emissions from landfills. The technology could improve upon existing survey methods to help landfill operators identify ways to cut back on their climate change contributions.
Ultrasensitive infrared spectroscopy via vibrational modulation of plasmonic scattering from a nanocavity
Authors: Jia Danchen , Cheng Ran , McNeely James H. , Zong Haonan , Teng Xinyan , Xu Xinxin , Cheng Ji-Xin
Published: December 2024

Most molecules and dielectric materials have characteristic bond vibrations or phonon modes in the mid-infrared regime. However, infrared absorption spectroscopy lacks the sensitivity for detecting trace analytes due to the low quantum efficiency of infrared sensors. Here, we report mid-infrared photothermal plasmonic scattering (MIP-PS) spectroscopy to push the infrared detection limit toward nearly a hundred molecules in a plasmonic nanocavity. The plasmon scattering from a nanoparticle-on-film cavity has extremely high sensitivity to the spacing defined by the analyte molecules inside the nanogap. Meanwhile, a 1000-fold infrared light intensity enhancement at the bond vibration frequency further boosts the interaction between mid-IR photons and analyte molecules. MIP-PS spectroscopic detection of nitrile or nitro group in ~130 molecules was demonstrated. This method heralds potential in ultrasensitive bond-selective biosensing and bioimaging.
The human auditory cortex concurrently tracks syllabic and phonemic timescales via acoustic spectral flux
Authors: Giroud Jérémy , Trébuchon Agnès , Mercier Manuel , Davis Matthew H. , Morillon Benjamin
Published: December 2024

Dynamical theories of speech processing propose that the auditory cortex parses acoustic information in parallel at the syllabic and phonemic timescales. We developed a paradigm to independently manipulate both linguistic timescales, and acquired intracranial recordings from 11 patients who are epileptic listening to French sentences. Our results indicate that (i) syllabic and phonemic timescales are both reflected in the acoustic spectral flux; (ii) during comprehension, the auditory cortex tracks the syllabic timescale in the theta range, while neural activity in the alpha-beta range phase locks to the phonemic timescale; (iii) these neural dynamics occur simultaneously and share a joint spatial location; (iv) the spectral flux embeds two timescales—in the theta and low-beta ranges—across 17 natural languages. These findings help us understand how the human brain extracts acoustic information from the continuous speech signal at multiple timescales simultaneously, a prerequisite for subsequent linguistic processing.
Scalable integration of photoresponsive highly aligned nanochannels for self-powered ionic devices
Authors: Huang Yaxin , Wu Changjin , Cao Yingnan , Zheng Jing , Zeng Binglin , Li Xiaofeng , Li Mingliang , Tang Jinyao
Published: December 2024

Artificial ionic nanochannels with light perception capabilities hold promise for creating ionic devices. Nevertheless, most research primarily focuses on regulating single nanochannels, leaving the cumulative effect of numerous nanochannels and their integration underexplored. We herein develop a biomimetic photoreceptor based on photoresponsive highly aligned nanochannels (pHANCs), which exhibit uniform channel heights, phototunable surface properties, and excellent compatibility with microfabrication techniques, enabling the scalable fabrication and integration into functional ionic devices. These pHANCs demonstrate exceptional ion selectivity and permeability due to the high surface charges and well-ordered conduits, resulting in outstanding energy harvesting from concentration gradients. Large-scale fabrication of pHANCs has been successfully realized, wherein hundreds of biomimetic photoreceptors produce an ultrahigh voltage over 76 volts, which has not been achieved previously. In addition, we demonstrate that the biomimetic photoreceptor can be further upscaled to be a self-powered ionic image sensor, capable of sensing and decoding incident light information.
Personalized College English Learning Based on Artificial Intelligence: Algorithm-Driven Adaptive Learning Method
Authors: Zhou Zhaoxing , Li Wenzhen
Published: December 2024

Technological developments in the field of education have contributed to the current surge in popularity of online courses. Every day, there is an exponential increase in both the rate of development and the availability of learning information. The trend in education systems across the world is toward putting the student at the center of everything. Education systems throughout the world are shifting toward a model that is more tailored to each individual student. This allows current technology to adapt different qualities of humans. Finding an appropriate learning strategy for a course with a large body of material that may be quite a challenge. The recommendation of a learning route aids students in methodically completing their coursework and reaching their objectives. Smart robots and computers are now able to comprehend individual-specific demands, technology advancements like AI, Machine Learning, and Big Data have made this possible. This paper suggests an AI-based learning-teaching model (AI-L-TM) for recommending learning paths that centers on analyzing learning performance and acquiring new information. Educational analytics improves a plethora of English-language individualized learning experiences by evaluating supplied data to provide valuable learning results. Through the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data mining methods, and classroom data gathering, this project seeks to enhance the English learning experiences of college and university students. Here, AI methods might be helpful for a number of reasons, such as creating a learning–teaching model that mimics human thinking and decision-making and reducing uncertainty to make the process more efficient. Using artificial intelligence techniques for adaptive educational systems within e-learning, this paper presents a range of topics related to the field. It discusses the pros and cons of these techniques, and how important they are for creating smarter and more adaptive environments for online learning.
College Students’ Ideological and Political Teaching Path Planning Method Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Yu Liang
Published: December 2024

This paper proposes a deep learning-based method for path planning of college students’ morality and faith instruction. Using a questionnaire and sampling inspection, the teaching effect index test and automatic monitoring of morality and faith teaching data are conducted. The feasible teaching strategy index of college students’ morality and faith teaching is based on students’ deep learning needs and expectations for ideological and political teaching in colleges and universities. The actual effect and teaching effect of teaching reform and innovation serve as the basic monitoring coefficient. Using deep learning and dynamic optimization detection methods, a feature clustering model for data collection and deep and surface learning of morality and faith instruction for college students is developed. A deep learning model for teaching morality and faith to college students is developed using a significant feature analysis method. Implement multidimensional spatial path optimization and data fitting. Perform quantitative regression analysis of college students’ critical, creative, and higher-order thinking in the index data of morality and faith teaching strategies. Detect and extract index data on morality and faith teaching strategies for college students. The test results show that this method improves the practicability and originality of morality and faith instruction for college students by optimizing the course planning and index data of feasible teaching strategies.
A Semi-Supervised Learning-Based Method for Recognizing Volleyball Players’ Arm Movement Trajectories
Authors: Ming Shen
Published: December 2024

In order to realize the recognition of athletes’ arm trajectories with low data labeling cost, a semi-supervised learning-based method is proposed for volleyball players’ arm trajectory recognition. A support vector machine framework is employed for the recognition of volleyball players’ arm trajectories. To augment the dataset of volleyball sports samples and minimize the expense of data labeling, semi-supervised learning techniques are incorporated. The optimization of the support vector machine is combined with graph-based semi-supervised learning to develop a graph-based fuzzy least-squares support vector machine, and the classification results of graph-based fuzzy least-squares support vector machine are solved by the dyadic form and the representation theorem. Complete the training. Input the recognized volleyball player’s movement data into the trained graph-based fuzzy least squares support vector machine, and output the recognition results of volleyball player’s arm trajectory. The experimental results show that the method has the highest recognition accuracy when the width of the Laplace kernel function is 15, and the method can accurately lock the athlete’s arm and track the athlete’s arm movement in the recognition of a real game.
Long Term Results of the Use of the Oxygen Carrier M101 as an Additive to Organ Preservation Solution
Authors: Zal Franck
Published: December 2024

Background: OXYOP was a national multicenter (six participating centers) clinical study investigating the safety and performance of the oxygen carrier M101 (HEMO2lifeⓇ) used ex vivo as an additive to the preservation solution in kidney transplantation.

Methods: A total of 60 consecutive grafts treated with HEMO2lifeⓇ were included between March 3rd and December 8th, 2016. Grafts were preserved either in static cold storage (standard donor) or on machine perfusion (extended criteria donor). To evaluate the safety and performance of HEMO2lifeⓇ, we compared the experimental group with a control group consisting of the contralateral kidneys (the paired kidneys that did not receive HEMO2lifeⓇ).

Results: This study reports the follow-up results of OXYOP patients after 48 months. We found a statistical difference in terms of patient survival at 48-month post-transplantation (98.3% with HEMO2lifeⓇ vs 86% without HEMO2lifeⓇ, [Formula: see text] = 0.016). Importantly, more patients in the control group were converted from calcineurin inhibitors to belatacept because of poor renal function vs none in the HEMO2lifeⓇ group.

Conclusions: These results demonstrated the major benefit of HEMO2lifeⓇin renal transplant preservation. HEMO2lifeⓇis the first hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier whose beneficial effect in organ preservation was established after 1 year and this is confirmed at 4-year post-transplant.
Workforce Development for the Semiconductor Industry – A Perspective
Authors: Gunarathne H.M.C.B. , Chaitanya Vimal
Published: December 2024

Both for civilian and military applications, the facilitating technology is semiconductor based. The United States has lost its leadership role in semiconductor chip production over the past several decades, creating potential threats to economic competitiveness and national security. The CHIPS and Science Act aims to address these issues by boosting United States chip-manufacturing industry and regaining the global leadership in chip production. With significant investment in chip production through this bill, STEM workforce shortage will only become more pronounced, which is projected to reach 1.4 million jobs in 2030 including semiconductor-specialized jobs. This article dwells on the need for sustainable workforce pipeline development and briefly explores the steps required to overcome the challenges involved. It emphasizes coordinated efforts among government agencies, industry, and educational institutions and projects a significant role for Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs). Along with major research universities, the MSIs need to develop their manufacturing programs and build the necessary facilities to educate and train a diverse semiconductor workforce to strengthen the U.S. semiconductor industry’s prospects of succeeding in a fierce global competition.