bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Smoking and Concentrations of Some Biochemical Parameters in Blood of Young Smokers
Authors: Sahab Khalid Shaalan
Published: July 2019

Cigarette smoking is main cause of lung cancer and one of the major causes for cardiovascular problems. Smoking causes changes to some blood contents.
The study aimed to identifying the influence of cigarette smoking on concentrations of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), glucose, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) and bilirubin in blood of young smokers.
The study conducted among 30 subjects of young smokers and compared with 20 non-smoker volunteers as control group. The biochemical parameters of blood among all subjects have been determined by using available commercial kits.
The results have been showed that the mean of the total serum bilirubin levels were lower in smokers when compared with controls but with significant (P > 0.05). Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels were found to be higher in smokers as compared to controls (P ≤ 0.05). The comparison between the estimated levels of triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein-c (LDL-C) in smokers and healthy controls subjects showed no significant increased (P > 0.05). Also there are no significant decrease in levels of HDL-C in smoking subjects as compared to controls
Conclusion: The conclusion from results, that smoke of cigarette can influence on biochemical parameters such as glucose, total cholesterol and bilirubin in early stages of smoking and produce a problems to cardiovascular system in early ages.
Investigation of Akuamma Seed Extract on Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Environment
Authors: Ezeugo J. O. , Onukwuli O. D. , Ikebudu K. O. , Ezechukwu V. C. , Nwaeto L. O.
Published: July 2019

Inhibitive impact of Akuamma seed (AS) extract toward 1.0M HCl corrosion of aluminum was examined using response surface methodology (RSM). Gravimetric (weight loss), potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques were used in the corrosion inhibition process. In all the method used, the seed extract acted as good corrosion inhibitor of aluminum in 1.0M HCl solution. Optimal inhibition efficiency of 72.6% was obtained at optimum inhibition concentration of 1.2g/l, temperature of 304.19k and maximized time of 11.53hrs. It showed that the plant extract has excellent inhibitive properties for the corrosion inhibition process. The values of kads are relatively small indicating that the interaction between the adsorbed extract molecules and aluminum surface is a physical process. The (AS) extract protects aluminum against pitting corrosion. The level of protection increases with increase extract concentrations. The extract inhibited both cathodic and anodic reactions and acted as mixed-type inhibitor.
Optimization of Phytochemical Screening Analysis of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaf Oil Extraction Process
Authors: Ezeugo J. O. , Nwanekezie M. N. , Onukwuli O. D. , Olisa-Bosah C. C. , Ezeh L. I.
Published: July 2019

Optimization of the process variables for the extraction of oil from Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaves) was studied. The effects of various process variables such as temperature, time, volume of solvent, particle size and their interaction on oil yield were investigated. A predictive model describing the oil yield in terms of process variables was derived from multiple regression analysis. Optimum yield of (54%) was predicted at extraction temperature of 50°C, extraction time of 40 min, leaf particle size of 150µm and 125ml volume of solvent but decreased with increase in leaf particle size. The extract was analysed to examine the physiochemical properties such as acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, viscosity, saponification value, specific gravity, moisture and ash contents using standard methods. Results revealed that the oil is edible and can find uses in food and pharmaceutical industries for spice and drug production respectively.
“Let’s help our own”
Authors: Murdocca Carmela
Published: July 2019

This article explores narratives of humanitarian compassion as rendered intelligible through the relational intersecting concerns about Syrian refugees and the suicide crisis in the Indigenous community of Attawapiskat, Ontario. Fuelled by a combination of anti-refugee rhetoric, racism and ongoing colonialism experienced by Indigenous people and communities, public and media discourse reveals how humanitarian governance is constitutive of the genealogy of settler colonialism. I suggest that examining the political genealogy of humanitarian governance in white settler colonialism assists in revealing the centrality of racial colonial violence in producing public and media discourse that is contingent upon the relational currencies of anti-refugee rhetoric, racism and humanitarian compassion. As expressions of a grammar of racial difference in liberal settler colonialism, these discourses ultimately reveal how racial colonial violence is constituted through the genealogy of humanitarianism.
Sürücü Davranışlarının Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmaları ile Sınıflandırılmasında Pencereleme Yönteminin Etkisi
Authors: YÜKSEL Asım Sinan , ATMACA Şerafettin
Published: July 2019

Günlük
yaşantımızda ulaşım önemli bir yere sahiptir. Birçok insan kara yolu ulaşımını
kullanıp bir noktadan başka bir noktaya kendi aracı ile gitmektedir. Gün
içerisinde insanların araç kullanımı sırasında yapmış olduğu bazı riskli
hareketler (ani hızlanma, ani yavaşlama, ani sağa dönüş, ani sola dönüş, ani
şerit değişimi vb.)  sonucunda kazalar
yaşanmaktadır. Sürücülerin yapmış olduğu bu riskli hareketler modellenip sürücü
profilleri oluşturulabilir. Oluşturulan sürücü profillerine göre sürücüler
uyarılabilir ya da araç kullanımı sırasında kazaya neden olabilecek bu
davranışları yapmaması için gerekli yaptırımlar uygulanabilir. Bu çalışmada,
sürücünün araç kullanımı sırasında sürüş verileri alınmış ve çeşitli makine
öğrenmesi algoritmaları ile sürücü davranışları (ani hızlanma, ani sağa dönüş,
ani sola dönüş) modellenmiştir. Bu modelleme sonucunda makine öğrenimi
algoritmalarının başarı oranları Rastgele Orman için 65,50%, Bayes Ağları için 47.97%,
Karar Tabloları için 59.55%, Yapay Sinir Ağları için 55.84% ve Destek Vektör
Makineleri için 53.82% olarak bulunmuştur. Sürücü davranışlarının
sınıflandırılmasındaki başarıyı artırabilmek için pencereleme yöntemi
kullanılmış ve Rastgele Orman’da 89,61%, Bayes Ağları’nda 90.90%, Karar
Tabloları’nda 92,20%, Yapay Sinir Ağları’nda 84,41%, Destek Vektör Makineleri’nde
90,90% başarı oranları elde edilmiştir. Sürücü davranışlarının modellenmesinde pencereleme
yöntemi olumlu etki oluştururken en yüksek başarı oranına sahip makine
öğrenmesi algoritması Karar Tabloları olarak belirlenmiştir.
Variasi Pertumbuhan dan Estimasi Parameter Genetik Semai Nyawai (Ficus variegata Blume)
Authors: Haryjanto Liliek
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Growth variation and genetic parameter estimation of Ficus variegata Blume seedlings were done at The Centre for Forest Biotechnology and Tree Improvement, Yogyakarta at 8 months of age. Genetic materials from Banyuwangi population which comprised of 15 families and Cilacap-Pangandaran population comprised of 19 families. The trial was designed as a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with family as treatment, 3 replications and each replication comprises 10 seedlings. The purpose of this study was to observe  growth variation and genetic parameter of these populations at seedlings level. Analysis of variance was performed to find out family effect on height and diameter traits. Analysis of variance component was used to estimate coefficient of genetic variation, heritability and genetic correlation. This study showed that family effect on height and diameter variation was very significant at both populations. The estimation of coefficient of genetic variation for height and diameter trait ranged from 10.80% (categorized as intermediate) to 18.04%  (categorized as high). Family heritability estimation for height trait ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 and diameter trait ranged from 0.89 to 0.96, both categorized as high. Strong genetic correlation for height and diameter trait ranged from 0.87 to 0.89.Keywords: Nyawai, Ficus variegata,  growth, genetic parameter, seedling.
Pertumbuhan dan Alokasi Biomassa Organ Tanaman Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni L.) yang Ditanam Pada Tanah Bekas Tambang Emas dengan Perlakuan Pupuk Kandang
Authors: Ambardini Sri , Ningsih Rita , Kali Yustina Rante
Published: July 2019

Abstract.  The purpose of this study is to determine the growth and biomass allocation of Mahagony plant organs are planted on ex-gold mining soil with manure treatment. The experimental research with four treatments are control (without manure), manure (cow, goat, chicken) with five replications. The plant growth parameters are observed consist of plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, rooth lenght, dry weight, and biomass percentage are located to leaves, stems and plant roots. The data are tested anova and continue with t-test. The result showed that the treatment of manure had efeect on the growth and mahagony planted on ex-golg mining soil. Plant biomass on all manure treatment are largest alloccated to leaves organ then to stems and roots. Based on t-test result that the cow manure treatment is better to supporting growth and biomass of mahagony plant than chicken manure, goat manure and control.Keywords: growth, biomass, mahagony, ex-gold mining soil, manure
Optimasi Pembentukan Bioflok Dari Skeletonema sp., Nitzschia sp. Dan Bakteri Probiotik Melalui Variasi pH Secara In Vitro
Authors: Malle Asnady Ibrahim
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Bioflok is a microbial community consisting of bacteria, protozoa and zooplankton, as a shrimp feed supplement containing amino acids methionin, vitamins, minerals and enzymes that can help the process of digestion of feed on shrimp. Bioflux is a suspension contained in water consisting of microalgae, and bacteria that are potentially developed in the field of aquaculture that is as natural food because of high protein content as well as an alternative solution to the problem of cultivation waste. This study aims to find out how optimization of biofloc formation from Skeletonema sp., Nitzschia sp. and probiotic bacteria through the optimum salinity level used on the Walne medium. This research was conducted at Biology Laboratory of Makassar State University. This research was an experimental research using Completely Randomized Design (RAL) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replications, ie treatment with pH 9, treatment with pH 8,5, treatment with pH 8, treatment with pH 7,5, treatment with pH 7 , pH 6.5 treatment, pH 6 treatment, and pH 5 treatment, on Walne medium using a combination of inoculant Skeletonema sp., Nitzschia sp. and probiotic bacteria. Parameters observed were biomass (dry weight) floc, floc volume, floc activity, temperature, pH, light intensity, and aeration rate. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued by Duncan test (α 0,05). The results showed that the treatment with pH 6.5 was the optimum salinity for biofloc formation shown by the highest floc biomass, the highest floc volume, and the highest floc activity with the floc volume indicator 0.01278 ml, dry weight (biomass) 0.00733 g / ml and floc activity 83.45 ml.Keywords: biofloc, ph, skeletonema sp., nitzschia sp., probiotic bacteria.
Evaluasi Kandungan Lemak Kasar dan BETN Silase Daun Lamtoro pada Level yang Berbeda Sebagai Bahan Pakan Utama Pakan Komplit
Authors: Juwandi Juwandi , Munir Munir , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the crude fat content and BETN silage combination of rice straw and lamtoro leaves at different levels as the main feed ingredients for complete feed. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment levels and 3 replications namely contro = 100% rice straw (control), 40% = 60% rice straw + 40% lamtoro leaf, 30% = 70% rice straw + 30% lamtoro leaves, 20% = 80% rice straw + 20% lamtoro leaves. The results showed that the mixing of rice straw and lamtoro leaves as a complete feed had a very significant effect on crude fat content and had a significant effect on BETN content. Based on the results and discussion of the study, it can be concluded that feed with a combination of rice straw and lamtoro leaves affects the crude fat content and BETN. Where the treatment of 40% with a combination of 60% rice straw material and 40% leucaena leaves showed the best results for fat content and BETN.Keywords: fat, BETN, rice straw, lamtoro leaf, and silage
Analisis Nilai pH dan Tingkat Kerusakan Silase Pakan Komplit yang Diformulasi Dengan Daun Lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) Sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminasia
Authors: Qadarullah M Nurul , Munir Munir , Irmayani Irmayani
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding lamtoro leaves (leucaenanleucocephale) on pH values and the level of damage at different levels. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatment levels and 3 replications, namely J0= lamtoro leaf 0%, J1= addition of lamtoro leaves 40%, J2=addition of lamtoro leaves 30%, J3=addition of lamtoroleaves 20%. The results showed that the addition of lamtoro leaves to feed silage has a very real effect. on average the highest to lowest pH value is J0 is (5.16), J1 is (3.83), J2 is (4.67), and J3 is (4.73). Average damage to the highest to lewest is J0 is (6.67), J1 is (1.76), J2 is (4.38), and J3 is (4.78). From the results of the study, it is known that the best treatment and recommended defects are J1 treatment with the addition of lamtoro leaves 40%. Keywords: pH, damage rate, complete feed silage, lamtoro leaf, and rice strawid
Kandungan Protein dan Kadar Air Bakso Daging Ayam Broiler pada Penambahan Bahan Pengenyal yang Berbeda
Authors: Rusli Rusli , Novieta Intan Dwi , Rasbawati Rasbawati
Published: July 2019

Abtract. The study aimed to determine the effect of different meatball enhancers on meatbel protein and to determine the effect of different meatball enhancers against meatball water content. This research was conducted in june 2018 at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries of the University of Muhammadiyah Parepare. Research using broiler chicken meat, water, flavorings, garlic, pepper, salt, egg white, carrageenan, gelatin, tissue, and ice cubes. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatment levels and three replications, namely T0 = without ingreadients, T1 = crisp egg white, T2 = crustacean, T = gelatin. The results of the study showed that with the addition of pulses that the protein content of meatballs had a very real effect and water content in meatball with the addition of different ingredients that are influential real to meatball water content. The highest average protein value to the lowest is T0 is 6.52, T2 is 6.46, T1 is 6.33, T3 is 4,15. The highest average water volues to the lowest were T1 at 63.35, T0 at 63.05, T3 at 62.58, and T2 at 62.44. From the results of the study, it is known that the best treatment and can be recommended is T2 treatment with karagenan crusher.Keywords: Proteins, water content, broiler chicken meat, egg white, carrageenan, and gelatin.
Efektivitas Ekstrak Pektin dari Kulit Buah Jeruk Bali (Citrus maxima) Sebagai Antimikroba
Authors: Wana Nur , Pagarra Halifah
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of pectin extract and antimicrobial activity of pectin extract from the skin of grapefruit (Citrus maxima) with variations in pH, temperature, and extraction time. This study was an experimental study with laboratory testing using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2x3x3 factorial three times repetition. Factor A is pH: 1.5 (A1), 2.5 (A2). Factor B is the heating temperature: 60°C (B1), 80°C (B2), 100oC (B3). Factor C is time: 60 minutes (C1), 90 minutes (C2), 120 minutes (C3). While the design measurement of antimicrobial activity is carried out by calculating the diameter of the inhibition zone (mm). All data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA (α = 0.05%, then continued by Tuckey's advanced test using SPSS). Extraction of pectin from the skin of grapefruit using a conventional method with hydrochloric acid (0.5N HCl). The extraction process was carried out by heating the hot plate by varying the temperature (60 oC; 80 oC; 100oC), pH (1.5; 2.5), and extraction time (60; 90; 120 minutes). Significant pectin yields obtained were tested for antimicrobial activity and measured inhibitory zones produced based on the diameter of the antimicrobial area. The results showed that extraction was influenced by pH, temperature, and extraction time and the highest pectin yield was obtained by extraction with ph 2.5, temperature 60oC, time 90 minutes as much as 27.8%. While the antimicrobial activity of pectin extract from the skin of grapefruit (Citrus maxima) has antibacterial activity because it can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus. However, it has no antifungal activity against Candida albicans.Keywords:  Grapefruit skin (Citrus axima), Pectin, extraction, antimicrobial activity.
Kandungan Kalsium (C) dan Fospor (P) Silase Kombinasi Jerami Padi dan Daun Lamtoro Sebagai Pakan Ternak Ruminansia
Authors: Basri Basri , Nurhaedah Nurhaedah , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the calcium (Ca) content and phosphorus (p) silage combination of rice straw and lamtoro leaves as a good feed for ruminants. The Research Method used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) which consisted of 4 treatments and each treatment was repeated 3 times namely J0 = 100% Rice Straw + 0% Leucaena Leaves (Control), J1 = 60% Rice Straw + 40% Leucaena Leaves, J2 = 70% Rice Straw + 30% Leucaena Leaf and J3 = 80% Rice Straw + 20% Leucaena Leaf. The results showed that the combination of rice straw silage and lamtoro leaves showed that there was a very significant effect (P <0.01) on calcium (ca) and phosphorus (p) on rice straw and lamtoro leaves. The average value of calcium from highest to lowest is J1 (0.86%), J2 (0.82%), J3 (0.75%) and J0 (0.59%). The highest to lowest phosphorus values were J1 (0.29%), J2 (0.27%), J3 (0.23%) and J0 (0.19%). From the results of the study, it is known that the best treatment and can be recommended is J1 treatment consisting of 60% rice straw and 40% lamtoro leaves.Keywords: Rice Straw; Lamtoro Leaves; Silage; Calcium; Phosphor; Ruminant animals
Uji Hemaglutinasi Assay pada Hemolimf Spodoptera exigua yang diberi Perlakuan Botani Pestisida
Authors: Suryani A.Irma , Anggraeni Tjandra
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The larval stage of the armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), has a high and polyphagous feeding activity so that these insects have the potential to be pests in agriculture. The use of botanical pesticides in this case Mirabilis jalapa, is expected to control agricultural pests so that research on the immune system of S. exigua larvae is carried out by observing lectins that play a role in analyzing foreign molecules that enter the insect's body. The results were obtained, the higher the M. jalapa concentration, at the concentration of M. jalapa 0.4% and 0.8%, the lower the hemolymf agglutination titers. This is thought to decrease the binding capacity of lectins to foreign molecules. So that M. jalapa has the potential to be used as an environmentally friendly botanical pesticide.Keywords: agricultural pests, botanical pesticides, lectin agglutination.
Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Rumput Laut pada Ransum Ayam Broiler terhadap Kadar Lemak dan Kolesterol
Authors: Juniarti Nurinsan , Ngitung Rosdiana , Hiola St. Fatmah
Published: July 2019

Abstract. This research aimed to know the effect of seaweed meal at broiler chicken rations to fat level and cholesterol. This research using an experimental with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treathments and 6 replications. Each treatment had 5 chickens test, so a total of 120 chickens test. The treatments given of the ration treatment without seaweed meal as control, ration with seaweed meal 3%, ration with seaweed meal 5%, ration with seaweed meal 7%. The parameters growth of broilers was the body weight chickens test did every week, carcass percentage, thorax percentage and abdominal fat percentage did at the end of experiment were after broiler 42 days. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with Duncan test α 0,05 use SPSS program version 13.0. The results showed that treatment with seaweed meal significantly decreased to body weight, but had not affected to carcass percentage, thorax percentage and abdominal fat percentage, for the analysis materials on meat fat level and cholesterol apparently treatment using seaweed meal 7% can lower meat fat level, and cholesterol.Keyword: seaweed meal, broiler chickens, fat, cholesterol.
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TGT (Teams Games Tournament) berbasis Macromedia terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Organik pada Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi STKIP YAPIM Maros
Authors: Rusdi Hikmah , Murti Warda
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKJenis penelitian ádalah penelitian eksperimen dengan subyek penelitian yaitu mahasiswa program studi pendidikan biologi yang sedang menempuh mata kuliah kimia organik pada semester genap (II) tahun akademik 2016/2017. Prosedur penelitian dilaksanakan melalui pembagian kelas berdasarkan perlakuan model pembelajaran yang diberikan, kelas eksperimen menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperati tipe TGT berbasis Macromedia dan kelas konstrol menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperati tipe TGT. Teknik Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan teknik pemberian pretest-postest untuk hasil belajar. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes essai yang telah divalidasi item. Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji hipotesis dengan bantuan SPSS Versi 21 for Windows serta analisis N-gain. Berdasarkan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (4,45 > 2,019). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TGT berbasis Macromedia terhadap hasil belajar kimia organik mahasiswa pendidikan biologi STKIP YAPIM Maros.Kata kunci: TGT, Macromedia, Hasil belajarABSTRACTThe type of research is experimental research with the subject of research that is the biology education program students who are taking organic chemistry course in the even semester (II) of  2016/2017 academic year. The research procedure was carried out through class division based on the treatment of the given learning model, the experimental class applied the cooperative learning model TGT based on Macromedia and the constrol class applied the TGT type. Technique Data collecting in this research is done by giving pretest-postest technique for learning result. The research instrument used is essay test which has validated the item. The collected data were then analyzed using normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis test with SPSS Version 21 for Windows and N-gain analysis. Based on t test was obtained t count> ttable (4.45> 2.019). The results of this study indicate that there is influence of cooperative learning model type Macromedia-based TGT on organic chemistry learning result of biology students STKIP YAPIM Maros.Keywords: TGT, Macromedia, Learning Result
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Numbered Heads Together (NHT) terhadap Aktivitas Belajar Siswa pada Materi Ikatan Kimia Kelas X 1 SMA Negeri 3 Watampone
Authors: Nurpaidah Sitti
Published: July 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan pembelajaran tipe numbered heads together (NHT) untuk mengetahui  aktivitas belajar siswa pada materi ikatan kimia siswa Kelas X 1 SMA Negeri 3 Watampone. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan sebanyak 2 siklus dan setiap siklus dilakukan sebanyak empat kali pertemuan termasuk tes setiap akhir siklus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi terhadap aktifitas siswa setiap akhir siklus di kelas tersebut dan catatan lapangan selama tindakan pembelajaran berlangsung. Dalam penelitian ini terlihat jelas bagaimana perubahan aktivitas siswa ketika pembelajaran berlangsung yaitu: (1) Siswa yang hadir selama siklus I mencapai 95% dan pada siklus II ada peningkatan menjadi 100%. (2) Siswa yang memperhatikan dan mencatat pelajaran mencapai 73,33% dan pada siklus II mencapai 96,67%. (3) Siswa yang aktif dalam diskusi kelompok pada siklus I dan siklus II sama-sama mencapai 100%, (4) Siswa yang bertanya tentang materi bahan ajar yang kurang jelas pada siklus I mencapai 8,34% dan pada siklus II mencapai 0%, (5) Siswa yang aktif dalam pemecahan masalah pada siklus I mencapai 40% dan pada siklus II mencapai 45%. (6) Siswa yang menjelaskan hasil diskusi kelompok di papan tulis mencapai 31,67% dan pada siklus II mencapai 53,33%.Kata Kunci : NHT, Aktivitas belajar, Ikatan kimiaABSTRACTThis study aims to apply the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning method  to determine student learning activities in the material of chemical bond of Class X 1 students of SMA 3 Watampone.This study was conducted in 2 cycles and each cycle is done as much four meetings including tests at each end of the cycle. Data collection is done by observation techniques to student activities and evaluation of learning outcomes at each end of the cycle in the class and field notes during the learning action. In this study it is clear how changes in student activity when learning takes place are: (1) Students who present during the cycle of the I reached 95% and a cycle II no increase in a 100%. (2) Students noticed and record the lessons achieve 73,33% and  at the cycle II achieve 96,67%. (3) Students active in the group discussions on cycle I and cycle II same the same reach 100%. (4) Students who asked about the material teaching materials less clear on cycle I achieve 8,34% and at the cycle II reach 0%. (5) Students active in resolution on cycle I reach 40% and at the cycle II reach 45%. (60 students who describes the results discussion groups in the board achieve 31,67% and at the cycle achieve 53,33%.Keywords: NHT, Learning activity, Chemical bonding
THE PONDOK EDUCATION ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FROM THE LENSES OF STATE RELIGIOUS DEPARTMENT AND COUNCIL OFFICIALS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ishak Maziahtusima , Tibek Siti Rugayah , Abd.Ghani Zulkiple , Idrus Mohd Muzhafar , Abdullah Hazlina , Mohd Nor Amir Husin , Mat Saad Noor Saazai , Darmi Ramiaida , Sulaiman @ Mohamed Adibah , Gunardi Setiyawan , Ja’afar Noornajihan , Ismail Noor Azizi , Ismail Hayati
Published: July 2019

Pondok Institution is one of the earliest institutions concentrating in Islamic education established especially in the Malay Peninsula. The growth of schools and madrasah administered by the government as well as private has reduced the development of the Pondok in the early 90s. However, at present, Pondok studies are burgeoning due to the high demand from the community. Although the Pondok institution can be regarded as pioneers in instituting Islamic education, a survey that has been conducted finds that there is no clear, transparent coordination in the curriculum or studies provided. This paper discusses some aspects of education in Pondok institutions, particularly on the challenges and impediments faced by the Pondok administrators from the point of view of officials in the Islamic Religious Department and the State Islamic Religious Council, who are invited during a roundtable discussion. Group interviews were conducted. The interview data were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically using ATLAS ti software. The study reveals that studies concerning Pondok institutions are increasingly gaining acceptance from local communities. In addition, there are three main factors that support the development of the present Pondok education which are the curriculum, finance, and management of the Pondok study itself. By focusing on issues and challenges surrounding Pondok education, this study is a start to a beginning of a worthwhile and meaningful discussion of what it means to develop Pondok institution and teach Islamic education within the Malaysian context.
SAND PLAY THERAPY APPROACH IN PREVENTING SOCIAL INTERACTION PROBLEMS AMONG CHILDREN'S PROBLEMS: A CASE STUDY IN SEKOLAH KEBANGSAAN MOYAN LAUT ASAJAYA, SARAWAK
Authors: Abu Samah Zuliza , Amat Salleh
Published: July 2019

This study was conducted to explore the counselor's experience using the sand play module in handling the social interaction of children of Sekolah Kebangsaan Moyan Laut Asajaya, Sarawak. The counselor uses a qualitative approach to conducting this study. The client for this study was year 4 female student that was chosen according to her the will and she also faces social problems. The data were obtained through observation, use of sand play, counseling session reports and client interviews recorded in three counseling sessions. This study uses a qualitative method of content analysis. The data obtained were processed and analyzed based on the developments that occurred during the counseling session process using the sand play therapy approach. Studies show that clients have succeeded in reducing fears to the counseling process, increasing the level of trust and simplifying the process of counseling sessions for example at the beginning of this counseling session the client feels fearful of his social problems with other children and is humiliated with counselors. However, after going through a counseling session using the sand play therapy approach, clients are more confident with themselves.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SKILLS ENTREPRENEURSHIP WITH ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION IN THE SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN AGAMA (SMKA)
Authors: Muhamad Akhsan Esmalaily , Othman Norasmah
Published: July 2019

Entrepreneurship skills are the skills of the students and they need to be flexible so that the skills are always used as well as to produce students with entrepreneurial determination. The entrepreneurship skills highlighted in this study are knowledge, creativity and social relationships. This paper aims to describe the students' entrepreneurial skills and to identify whether there is a relationship between entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial determination amongst secondary school students (SMKA). The study used a questionnaire as a research instrument and involved 196 students in SMKA were selected by strata process. The results of the data analyzed found that the overall level of entrepreneurship skills and entrepreneurship skills of SMKA students was at a high level. This clearly shows that SMKA students have a good level of entrepreneurial skills due to the more manageable school environment. The findings show that SMKA students also have a high commitment to become future entrepreneurs.
FOOD SECURITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors: Abdul Manap Nur Marina , Ismail Normaz Wana
Published: July 2019

The world has seen continued famine, starvation, and malnutrition. Starvation and malnutrition have a negative impact on health, leading to poor productivity, and thus gradually affecting overall economic growth. This paper estimates the impact of food security on the economic growth of dry-land developing countries. The objective of this study is to measures the impact of food security on economic growth directly and through poverty, life expectancy, and total employment. This study employs a dynamic panel data model known as the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The finding of this study has proved that food security has an impact on economic growth, especially in dry-land developing countries. This research has identified that food security has a significant positive impact on food security, as an increase in food security increases economic growth. Nonetheless, food security also has an impact on economic growth in terms of life expectancy, total employment, and poverty, whereas life expectancy and total employment with better food security have a positive impact on economic growth, reduction in poverty, achieving food security and enhancing economic growth.
THE LINK BETWEEN SERVICE QUALITY, CORPORATE IMAGE AND BEHAVIORAL INTENTION: SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE
Authors: Engriani Yunita , Permatasari Meirisa , Abror Abror , Patrisia Dina
Published: July 2019

This study aims to analyze the relationship between service quality, corporate image, customer satisfaction and behavioral intention of Garuda Indonesia Airways’ customers. This research also investigates the roles of customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The population of this study is all customers of Garuda Indonesia Airways. This study employs 150 customers as respondents. The data collection has been conducted by using a convenience sampling method. This research analyzes the data by using the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Partial Least Square (PLS). After some preliminary tests, this study found that service quality has a positive and significant impact on corporate image and customer satisfaction. Service quality has no significant direct impact on behavioral intention. The corporate image has significantly and positively related to behavioral intention. Customer satisfaction is a significant and positive antecedent of behavior intention. Even though there is no significant direct effect of service quality on behavioral intention, surprisingly, it has a significant indirect impact on behavioral intention through customer satisfaction as an intervening variable. Furthermore, some limitations and further research have been addressed.
THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT: USING STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING (SEM)
Authors: Milhem Marwan , Muda Habsah , Ahmed Khalil
Published: July 2019

Employee engagement helps businesses in attaining their goals. Employee engagement has been at the center of attention for human resource personnel and researchers who stated that employee engagement can be a key driver of an organization's business success. In Palestine, only 11% of employees are engaged in work. Many researchers recently have found that transformational leadership style has an impact on the work engagement of employees. The population involved in this study includes 5281 full-time employees of which a sample of 328 employees was selected. Moreover, this study is considered to be the first local method to find and analyze the current causal effect of perceived transformational leadership style on employee engagement within the context of Palestine. The data was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Analysis of Moments Structure (AMOS) was employed to answer the research questions and to test the hypotheses in this study. Results found that transformational leadership style has a significant effect on employee engagement. Results show that transformational leadership is perceived to be more effective leadership in Palestine context. In conclusion, these study findings supported the hypothesis, answered the research question, and achieved the objectives of this study. Additionally; this study has successfully addressed the gaps found in previous literature review has contributed to the body of knowledge, as well as in providing useful implications to the industry in the context of Palestine and Middle Eastern Region.
SUPPORT SYSTEM INFLUENCES TOWARDS THE VIABILITY OF TRANSITIONAL PROGRAMME IN AGRO ENTREPRENEURSHIP AMONG SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS WITH LEARNING DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Mohd Zainol Rosmiza , Ghazali Mimi Halida , Andin Christina , Kuok Choy Lam
Published: July 2019

The stigma of society that underestimates and restricts the opportunity of Disabled Person to be integrated into occupational organizations has caused them to be in the midst of poverty. Therefore, this group need to be exposed as early as formal education to develop vocational skills, especially entrepreneurship, in order to be able to remain independent in the future. The idea of mushroom cultivation programme by the Northern Corridor Implementation Authority (NCIA) and District Farmer’s Organisation (PPK) Seri Pulau, Pulau Pinang, to Special Needs Students (MBK) in the Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi (PPKI) in government secondary schools was set up as a basic transitional programme in agro-entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the capacity of the support system, consisting of administrators' support, teacher community support, parental involvement support and external agency support in developing agro-entrepreneurial skills among Special Needs Students (MBK) with Learning Difficulties as well as on the viability of the programme. The rationale for this study is that there are some schools that have ceased to carry out this programme although this good programme should have a continuation of developing agropreneur among pupils with Learning Difficulties. The design of qualitative studies (interviews) involved 14 Special Education teachers in 14 schools involved with the mushroom cultivation programme in Pulau Pinang. The findings showed that the support factors of administrators, teachers and external agencies greatly influence the viability of the mushroom cultivation programme to these Learning Difficulties students. While the support of parents and teachers is the most influential in developing entrepreneurial skills amongst these students. Even there is a lack of infrastructure, funding and technology assistance in mushroom cultivation in schools, the solid support and collaborative linkages between these parties was able to ensure the viability of the programme in providing agro-basic exposure on agro-entrepreneurship. In this regard, the support of administrators and senior officials such as the State Education Department (JPN) and the Ministry of Education (KPM) through capital injection and development training to teachers should be emphasized. Additionally, the factor of parents' relationship integrity with the support of the mushroom cultivation programme needs to be intact, so that the goal of forming agropreneur among students with Learning Difficulties will be achieved. Students in this category require collaboration ties and strong support from all parties in the course of forming their self-confidence to face the competitive working environment in future.
Community Empowerment Model Based on Islamic Education Institutions
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Imam , Mutakin Zulfa
Published: July 2019

The problem of community empowerment, especially among the middle class, is a critical issue for the government in achieving the success of the development. If in the early 1970s few social movements and government groups were actively concerned and capable of dealing with developmental issues, now the situation is much in tandem with the establishment of thousands of NGOs (non-governmental organisations). The emergence of one of the typologies of non-governmental organisations with the background of Islamic educational institutions involving Kiai and several santri as the backbone of the organisation became one of the forms of innovation of Islamic educational institutions which aimed to empower the community. One of the NGOs with Islamic education background is the Pesantren and Society Development Bureau (BPPM) Pesantren Maslakul Huda (PMH) Kajen Margoyoso Pati founded by Kiai M.A Sahal Mahfudh who is active in community empowerment action in the country.Masalah pemberdayaan masyarakat terutama masyarakat kalangan menengah kebawah merupakan masalah yang sangat penting bagi pemerintah dalam mencapai keberhasilan pembangunan. Jika pada awal tahun 1970-an hanya sedikit gerakan sosial dan kelompok pemerintah yang secara aktif peduli dan mampu menangani masalah pembangunan, kini keadaan tersebut sudah jauh berbeda dengan berdirinya ribuan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM). Munculnya salah satu tipologi LSM yang berlatar belakang lembaga pendidikan Islam dengan melibatkan Kiai serta sejumlah santri sebagai tulang punggung organisasi, menjadi salah satu bentuk inovasi lembaga pendidikan Islam yang bertujuan untuk memberdayakan masyarakat. Salah satu LSM yang berlatarbelakang lembaga pendidikan islam adalah Biro Pengembangan Pesantren dan Masyarakat (BPPM) Pesantren Maslakul Huda (PMH) Kajen Margoyoso Pati, Jawa Tengah yang didirikan oleh Kiai M.A Sahal Mahfudh yang berkiprah dalam aksi pemberdayaan masyarakat di Tanah Air.
Rancangan Program Aplikasi Al-Faraidh sebagai Media Pembelajaran Mawaris di MAN Model Banda Aceh
Authors: Sujud Amru , BJ Juanda , Vrianda Sandy
Published: July 2019

a b s t r a c tThis study aims to design a new system and method of application program Al-Faraidh as a medium of learning fiqih mawaris in MAN Model Banda Aceh. This research uses qualitative descriptive method, that is by collecting data through interview with fiqih teachers and literature study. The study of jurisprudence is difficult to achieve the expected competence, mawaris calculation is also still done manually. Students tend to be less interested in learning fiqih mawaris because it is considered too difficult. Therefore it is necessary to design an application program as a learning medium that facilitates and attracts students' attention. The design of the web-based application program can process the data muwaris (person who left the heirs), data of heirs along with his position against muwaris, heirs, muwaris reports, and recapitals report on the division of inheritance. The application program is expected to be an effective solution of the problem, thus simplifying the process of calculating the inheritance, especially in the process of learning.Keywords:Applications Alfaraidh, Mawaris, Media Learning a b s t r a kPenelitian ini bertujuan merancang sebuah sistem dan metode baru berupa program aplikasi Al-Faraidh sebagai media pembelajaran fiqih mawaris di MAN Model Banda Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu dengan mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara dengan Guru Fiqih dan studi pustaka. Pembelajaran fiqih mawaris sulit mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan, perhitungan mawarisnya juga masih dilakukan secara manual. Siswa cenderung kurang tertarik mempelajari fiqih mawaris karena dianggap terlalu sulit. Oleh karena itu diperlukan sebuah rancangan program aplikasi sebagai media pembelajaran yang memudahkan dan menarik perhatian siswa. Rancangan program aplikasi yang berbasis web tersebut dapat mengolah data muwaris (orang yang meninggalkan harta waris), data ahli waris beserta kedudukannya terhadap muwaris, harta waris, laporan muwaris, dan laporan rekap hasil pembagian harta waris. Program aplikasi tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi yang efektif dari permasalahan tersebut, sehingga mempermudah proses perhitungan harta waris, khususnya dalam proses pembelajaran.Kata Kunci:Aplikasi Alfaraidh, Mawaris, Media Pembelajaran
Pemahaman Msyarakat Kecamatan Baranti Terhadap Hoax di Media Sosial (Perspektif Hukum Islam)
Authors: Basri Rusdaya
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini mengkaji seputar pemahaman masyarakat Kecamatan Baranti terhadap hoax di medi sosial perspektif hukum Islam. Dengan mendasarkan pada sumber utama ajaran Islam, yaitu al-Qur’an, hadis dan hasil fatwa Ulama tentang hoax.Pada umumnya masyarakat Kec. Baranti Kab. Sidrap termasuk pembaca medsos yang cerdas dan bijak, hal ini didasarkan dengan pemahaman dan pengatahuan mereka yang mendalam tentang hoax yang tersebar di media sosial dan cara mengenali mana berita hoax dan mana berita yang benar, serta cara mengantisipasi bila mereka menerima berita hoax yang hampir setiap saat menjadi menu komsumsi bagi pemegang hp android di masyarakat Kec. Baranti Kab. Sidrap.Tokoh Agama sangat berperan pentingdalam memberikan pemahaman tentang bahaya hoax di media sosial, karena para Ustaz/da’i adalah seorang figur tokoh masyarakat yang sangat dipercaya oleh masyarakat.
Métodos con metodología, estudios con objetivo
Authors: Jiménez-Gómez Isidro , García-Ramos Francisco José
Published: July 2019

Sólo en una tercera parte de los trabajos empíricos sobre comunicación realizados en España es posible identificar algún procedimiento metodológico estandarizado (Martínez y Saperas Lapiedra, 2011). Y aún cuando en la investigación española se habla de metodología, la confusión se mantiene. Es demasiado frecuente presentar unas herramientas de análisis o de muestreo específicas como si fueran en sí mismas la metodología de la investigación. De la misma forma que se confunde en ocasiones el análisis de discurso, la entrevista en profundidad o el grupo focal con el diseño metodológico de tipo cualitativo, el muestreo con aspiración de representatividad se instaura como símbolo inequívoco del correcto diseño de corte cuantitativo, hasta el punto de pretender sustituir dicho diseño. En realidad, el muestreo sólo es una parte del proceso metodológico y de nada sirve si no funciona bajo un diseño previo del mismo y, ni siquiera cuando está bien realizado en el sentido técnico y se logra una muestra representativa, podemos asegurar que cumpla el objetivo para el que fue utilizado.

Por tanto, y a pesar de los distintos enfoques existentes sobre el papel que en la investigación debe tener el diseño metodológico, parece evidente que las herramientas o técnicas específicas son instrumentos que sólo funcionan cuando el propio diseño metodológico así lo pide. Poner en valor el papel de una fase de diseño metodológico es, en realidad, conectar con el problema epistemológico a resolver.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of immunostimulating mannosylated desmuramyl peptides
Authors: Ribić Rosana , Stojković Ranko , Milković Lidija , Antica Mariastefania , Cigler Marko , Tomić Srđanka
Published: July 2019

Muramyl dipeptide is the minimal structure of peptidoglycan with adjuvant properties. Replacement of theN-acetylmuramyl moiety and increase of lipophilicity are important approaches in the preparation of muramyl dipeptide analogues with improved pharmacological properties. Mannose receptors present on immunocompetent cells are pattern-recognition receptors and by mannose ligands binding they affect the immune system. Here we present the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel mannosylated desmuramyl peptide derivatives. Mannose was coupled to dipeptides containing a lipophilic adamantane on N- or C-terminus through a glycolyl or hydroxyisobutyryl linker. Adjuvant activities of synthesized compounds were investigated in the mouse model using ovalbumin as an antigen. Their activities were compared to the previously described mannosylated adamantane-containing desmuramyl peptide and peptidoglycan monomer. Tested compounds exhibited adjuvant activity and the strongest enhancement of IgG production was stimulated by compound21(Man-OCH2-ᴅ-(1-Ad)Gly-ʟ-Ala-ᴅ-isoGln).