bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TFIP11 promotes replication fork reversal to preserve genome stability
Authors: Chen Junliang , Wu Mingjie , Yang Yulan , Ruan Chunyan , Luo Yi , Song Lizhi , Wu Ting , Huang Jun , Yang Bing , Liu Ting
Published: February 2024

Replication fork reversal, a critical protective mechanism against replication stress in higher eukaryotic cells, is orchestrated via a series of coordinated enzymatic reactions. The Bloom syndrome gene product, BLM, a member of the highly conserved RecQ helicase family, is implicated in this process, yet its precise regulation and role remain poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that the GCFC domain-containing protein TFIP11 forms a complex with the BLM helicase. TFIP11 exhibits a preference for binding to DNA substrates that mimic the structure generated at stalled replication forks. Loss of either TFIP11 or BLM leads to the accumulation of the other protein at stalled forks. This abnormal accumulation, in turn, impairs RAD51-mediated fork reversal and slowing, sensitizes cells to replication stress-inducing agents, and enhances chromosomal instability. These findings reveal a previously unidentified regulatory mechanism that modulates the activities of BLM and RAD51 at stalled forks, thereby impacting genome integrity.
A surface strategy boosting the ethylene selectivity for CO2 reduction and in situ mechanistic insights
Authors: Yao Yinchao , Shi Tong , Chen Wenxing , Wu Jiehua , Fan Yunying , Liu Yichun , Cao Liang , Chen Zhuo
Published: February 2024

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into ethylene, as opposed to traditional industrial methods, represents a more environmentally friendly and promising technical approach. However, achieving high activity of ethylene remains a huge challenge due to the numerous possible reaction pathways. Here, we construct a hierarchical nanoelectrode composed of CuO treated with dodecanethiol to achieve elevated ethylene activity with a Faradaic efficiency reaching 79.5%. Through on in situ investigations, it is observed that dodecanethiol modification not only facilitates CO2 transfer and enhances *CO coverage on the catalyst surfaces, but also stabilizes Cu(100) facet. Density functional theory calculations of activation energy barriers of the asymmetrical C–C coupling between *CO and *CHO further support that the greatly increased selectivity of ethylene is attributed to the thiol-stabilized Cu(100). Our findings not only provide an effective strategy to design and construct Cu-based catalysts for highly selective CO2 to ethylene, but also offer deep insights into the mechanism of CO2 to ethylene.
Unraveling the crystallization kinetics of the Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change compound with a machine-learned interatomic potential
Authors: Abou El Kheir Omar , Bonati Luigi , Parrinello Michele , Bernasconi Marco
Published: February 2024

The phase change compound Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST225) is exploited in advanced non-volatile electronic memories and in neuromorphic devices which both rely on a fast and reversible transition between the crystalline and amorphous phases induced by Joule heating. The crystallization kinetics of GST225 is a key functional feature for the operation of these devices. We report here on the development of a machine-learned interatomic potential for GST225 that allowed us to perform large scale molecular dynamics simulations (over 10,000 atoms for over 100 ns) to uncover the details of the crystallization kinetics in a wide range of temperatures of interest for the programming of the devices. The potential is obtained by fitting with a deep neural network (NN) scheme a large quantum-mechanical database generated within density functional theory. The availability of a highly efficient and yet highly accurate NN potential opens the possibility to simulate phase change materials at the length and time scales of the real devices.
How are cell and tissue structure and function influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?
Authors: Davis Trent , Tabury Kevin , Zhu Shouan , Angeloni Debora , Baatout Sarah , Benchoua Alexandra , Bereiter-Hahn Juergen , Bottai Daniele , Buchheim Judith-Irina , Calvaruso Marco , Carnero-Diaz Eugénie , Castiglioni Sara , Cavalieri Duccio , Ceccarelli Gabriele , Choukér Alexander , Cialdai Francesca , Ciofani Gianni , Coppola Giuseppe , Cusella Gabriella , Degl’Innocenti Andrea , Desaphy Jean-Francois , Frippiat Jean-Pol , Gelinsky Michael , Genchi Giada , Grano Maria , Grimm Daniela , Guignandon Alain , Hahn Christiane , Hatton Jason , Herranz Raúl , Hellweg Christine E. , Iorio Carlo Saverio , Karapantsios Thodoris , van Loon Jack J.W.A. , Lulli Matteo , Maier Jeanette , Malda Jos , Mamaca Emina , Morbidelli Lucia , van Ombergen Angelique , Osterman Andreas , Ovsianikov Aleksandr , Pampaloni Francesco , Pavezlorie Elizabeth , Pereda-Campos Veronica , Przybyla Cyrille , Puhl Christopher , Rettberg Petra , Rizzo Angela Maria , Robson-Brown Kate , Rossi Leonardo , Russo Giorgio , Salvetti Alessandra , Santucci Daniela , Sperl Matthias , Tavella Sara , Thielemann Christiane , Willaert Ronnie , Szewczyk Nathaniel , Monici Monica
Published: February 2024

Progress in mechanobiology allowed us to better understand the important role of mechanical forces in the regulation of biological processes. Space research in the field of life sciences clearly showed that gravity plays a crucial role in biological processes. The space environment offers the unique opportunity to carry out experiments without gravity, helping us not only to understand the effects of gravitational alterations on biological systems but also the mechanisms underlying mechanoperception and cell/tissue response to mechanical and gravitational stresses. Despite the progress made so far, for future space exploration programs it is necessary to increase our knowledge on the mechanotransduction processes as well as on the molecular mechanisms underlying microgravity-induced cell and tissue alterations. This white paper reports the suggestions and recommendations of the SciSpacE Science Community for the elaboration of the section of the European Space Agency roadmap “Biology in Space and Analogue Environments” focusing on “How are cells and tissues influenced by gravity and what are the gravity perception mechanisms?” The knowledge gaps that prevent the Science Community from fully answering this question and the activities proposed to fill them are discussed.
Intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton integrated with soft bioelectronics and deep learning for intention-driven augmentation
Authors: Lee Jinwoo , Kwon Kangkyu , Soltis Ira , Matthews Jared , Lee Yoon Jae , Kim Hojoong , Romero Lissette , Zavanelli Nathan , Kwon Youngjin , Kwon Shinjae , Lee Jimin , Na Yewon , Lee Sung Hoon , Yu Ki Jun , Shinohara Minoru , Hammond Frank L. , Yeo Woon-Hong
Published: February 2024

The age and stroke-associated decline in musculoskeletal strength degrades the ability to perform daily human tasks using the upper extremities. Here, we introduce an intelligent upper-limb exoskeleton system that utilizes deep learning to predict human intention for strength augmentation. The embedded soft wearable sensors provide sensory feedback by collecting real-time muscle activities, which are simultaneously computed to determine the user’s intended movement. Cloud-based deep learning predicts four upper-limb joint motions with an average accuracy of 96.2% at a 500–550 ms response rate, suggesting that the exoskeleton operates just by human intention. In addition, an array of soft pneumatics assists the intended movements by providing 897 newtons of force while generating a displacement of 87 mm at maximum. The intent-driven exoskeleton can reduce human muscle activities by 3.7 times on average compared to the unassisted exoskeleton.
Single dose recombinant VSV based vaccine elicits robust and durable neutralizing antibody against Hantaan virus
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu He , Wei Jing , Dang Yamei , Wang Yuan , Yang Qiqi , Zhang Liang , Ye Chuantao , Wang Bin , Jin Xiaolei , Cheng Linfeng , Ma Hongwei , Dong Yangchao , Li Yinghui , Bai Yinlan , Lv Xin , Lei Yingfeng , Xu Zhikai , Ye Wei , Zhang Fanglin
Published: February 2024

Hantaan virus (HTNV) is a pathogenic orthohantavirus prevalent in East Asia that is known to cause hemorrhagic fever with severe renal syndrome (HFRS), which has a high fatality rate. However, a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccine is not currently available against this virus. Although inactivated vaccines have been certified and used in endemic regions for decades, the neutralizing antibody (NAb) titer induced by inactivated vaccines is low and the immunization schedule is complicated, requiring at least three injections spanning approximately 6 months to 1 year. Replication-competent vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccines provide prolonged protection after a single injection. In this study, we successfully engineered the HTNV glycoprotein (GP) in the VSV genome by replacing the VSV-G open reading frame. The resulting recombinant (r) rVSV-HTNV-GP was rescued, and the immunogenicity of GP was similar to that of HTNV. BALB/c mice immunized with rVSV-HTNV-GP showed a high titer of NAb against HTNV after a single injection. Notably, the cross-reactive NAb response induced by rVSV-HTNV-GP against Seoul virus (an orthohantavirus) was higher than that induced by three sequential injections of inactivated vaccines. Upon challenge with HTNV, rVSV-HTNV-GP-immunized mice showed a profoundly reduced viral burden in multiple tissues, and inflammation in the lungs and liver was nearly undetectable. Moreover, a single injection of rVSV-HTNV-GP established a prolonged immunological memory status as the NAbs were sustained for over 1 year and provided long-term protection against HTNV infection. The findings of our study can support further development of an rVSV-HTNV-GP-based HTNV vaccine with a simplified immunization schedule.
Subjective long-term emotional and social effects of recreational MDMA use: the role of setting and intentions
Authors: Elmer Timon , Vannoy Tanya K. , Studerus Erich , Lyubomirsky Sonja
Published: February 2024

MDMA is a recreational drug commonly used to enhance euphoria, but it is also used in non-party settings with self-insight or social connection intentions. Yet, little is known about whether distinct consumer groups are formed based on consumption setting and intention. We aimed to characterize different types of recreational MDMA users based on consumption setting and intentions, and to examine their differences in perceptions of long-term social-emotional effects of MDMA use. We analyzed self-reports of 766 individuals (ages 18–61, mostly from Western countries), reporting on their MDMA consumption habits and perceived effects. We used a K-medoids clustering algorithm to identify distinct types of consumption settings and intentions. We identified three setting types – party settings with friends (N = 388), private home settings (N = 132), mixed settings (N = 246) – and three intention types – euphoria and energy (N = 302), self-insight (N = 219), mixed intentions (N = 245). Members of the self-insight and mixed intentions clusters reported considerably more long-term socio-emotional benefits than members of the euphoria and energy cluster. No differences were observed between the setting clusters. In this particular sample, more long-term benefits than harms were reported. Our findings suggest that the long-term social-emotional benefits of MDMA are associated with whether users seek self-insight or have mixed intentions.
Estimation bias and agreement limits between two common self-report methods of habitual sleep duration in epidemiological surveys
Authors: Korman Maria , Zarina Daria , Tkachev Vadim , Merikanto Ilona , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Bjelajac Adrijana Koscec , Penzel Thomas , Landtblom Anne-Marie , Benedict Christian , Chan Ngan Yin , Wing Yun Kwok , Dauvilliers Yves , Morin Charles M. , Matsui Kentaro , Nadorff Michael , Bolstad Courtney J. , Chung Frances , Mota-Rolim Sérgio , De Gennaro Luigi , Plazzi Giuseppe , Yordanova Juliana , Holzinger Brigitte , Partinen Markku , Reis Cátia
Published: February 2024

Accurate measurement of habitual sleep duration (HSD) is crucial for understanding the relationship between sleep and health. This study aimed to assess the bias and agreement limits between two commonly used short HSD self-report methods, considering sleep quality (SQ) and social jetlag (SJL) as potential predictors of bias. Data from 10,268 participants in the International COVID Sleep Study-II (ICOSS-II) were used. Method-Self and Method-MCTQ were compared. Method-Self involved a single question about average nightly sleep duration (HSDself), while Method-MCTQ estimated HSD from reported sleep times on workdays (HSDMCTQwork) and free days (HSDMCTQfree). Sleep quality was evaluated using a Likert scale and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) to explore its influence on estimation bias. HSDself was on average 42.41 ± 67.42 min lower than HSDMCTQweek, with an agreement range within ± 133 min. The bias and agreement range between methods increased with poorer SQ. HSDMCTQwork showed less bias and better agreement with HSDself compared to HSDMCTQfree. Sleep duration irregularity was − 43.35 ± 78.26 min on average. Subjective sleep quality predicted a significant proportion of variance in HSDself and estimation bias. The two methods showed very poor agreement and a significant systematic bias, both worsening with poorer SQ. Method-MCTQ considered sleep intervals without adjusting for SQ issues such as wakefulness after sleep onset but accounted for sleep irregularity and sleeping in on free days, while Method-Self reflected respondents’ interpretation of their sleep, focusing on their sleep on workdays. Including an SQ-related question in surveys may help bidirectionally adjust the possible bias and enhance the accuracy of sleep-health studies.
Improving the structural, optical, and electrical properties of carboxymethyl cellulose/starch/selenium oxide nanocomposites for flexible electronic devices
Authors: El Sayed Adel M. , Alanazi Tarek I.
Published: February 2024

Nanocomposites based on biopolymers are interesting materials owing to their multifunctionality and ease of preparation. In this study, the solution casting method was used to mix selenium oxide nanoparticles (SeO2 NP) made by a solvothermal method into a bio-blend of carboxymethyl cellulose and starch (CMC/St). XRD analysis showed that SeO2 NP increased the amorphous portion inside the blend. HR-TEM revealed the spherical morphology of these NP with an average diameter of 16.88 nm. The FE-SEM indicated a satisfactory uniform distribution and homogeneity in the surface morphology of the films. FTIR confirmed the interaction between SeO2 and the blend functional groups. The films preserved good transmission after doping, and their direct and indirect band gaps decreased. The refractive index, absorption index, optical conductivity, and other dispersion parameters were improved after SeO2 loading. The DC conductivity of the blend is in the range of 3.8 × 10−7 to 5.6 × 10−4 S/m and improved after loading SeO2 NP. The IV characteristic curves in the temperature range of 300–415 K were studied to figure out the conduction mechanism in the CMC/St/SeO2 composites. Because the optical and electrical properties improved, these nanocomposites could be used for coatings and other things like waveguides, photovoltaic cells, and light-emitting diodes.
Synthesis and biodegradation testing of some synthetic oils based on ester
Authors: Shazly Reham I. El , El-Sheshtawy Huda S. , Ahmed Nehal S. , Nassar Amal M.
Published: February 2024

Synthetic ester oils are widely used in many applications due to their ideal cleaning properties, lubricating performance and assured polarity. The majority of esters oils are more biodegradable. than any other base stock. For instance, oil soluble polyalkyleneglycols (PAGs) or polyalphaolephins (PAOs), are only biodegradable in the lower viscosity grades. The goal of this study is to create some synthetic base oils by two major protocols; the first is esterifying valeric acid with various glycols (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol and poly (ethylene glycol 400). The second involves esterification of propanoic acid, heptanoic acid, or octanoic acid with ethylene glycol. The reaction yield varies between 85 and 94%. The chemical composition of the prepared esters was examined using various spectroscopic methods (Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The thermal properties investigation by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed pronounced thermal stability of the prepared esters. The biodegradability was verified versus two bacterial isolates (B1, B2). The results showed that percentage of degradation of the lube oil was in the range of 34% to 84% after 3 days of incubation. Moreover, the rheological study revealed that the prepared esters exhibited Newtonian rheological behaviours. Viscosity examination displayed that the esters based on ethylene glycol, such as (A), had the highest VI: 179 values when compared to those based on higher glycols. Viscosity and viscosity index results showed slight increase as the number of carbon atoms in the acid chain increases. At last, most of the synthesized esters possessed pour points ≤ − 32 °C: ≤ − 40 except in case of using higher acids like heptanoic acid and octanoic acid in preparation the pour point increases to − 9 °C and − 15 °C.
Tunnel construction in shallow soft rock using the pipe shed support
Authors: Bao Liangliang , Wei Feng
Published: February 2024

In order to clarify the impact mechanism of shallow buried soft rock tunnel excavation on the upper existing highway, as well as the mechanism of pipe shed reinforcement, a combination of theoretical analysis and on-site monitoring was used to conduct in-depth research on the Diantou Tunnel Crossing the existing highway project of Dayong Expressway. The impact of shallow buried soft rock tunnel crossing construction on the existing highway and safety control issues were studied, a new deformation control index, namely deformation difference rate, was introduced. The results show that the main lateral area of influence of rock deformation is within a distance of one diameter, and the overall area of influence is within a distance of twice the diameter. From the perspective of axial tunnel deformation, the deformation of surrounding rock tends to be stable when the excavation face passes through the monitoring section about twice the tunnel diameter. Effectively controlling rock deformation depends on the total amount of settlement deformation, the change rate of deformation, and the difference rate of deformation. For V-class shallow buried tunnel surrounding rock, in order to prevent cracks on the surface, the cumulative deformation of the surrounding rock needs to be less than 50 mm, the change rate needs to be less than 3 mm/day, and the difference rate needs to be less than 5 mm/m. Finally, the proposed control standard for surface subsidence is given for similar engineering reference.
Embracing firefly flash pattern variability with data-driven species classification
Authors: Martin Owen , Nguyen Chantal , Sarfati Raphael , Chowdhury Murad , Iuzzolino Michael L. , Nguyen Dieu My T. , Layer Ryan M. , Peleg Orit
Published: February 2024

Many nocturnally active fireflies use precisely timed bioluminescent patterns to identify mates, making them especially vulnerable to light pollution. As urbanization continues to brighten the night sky, firefly populations are under constant stress, and close to half of the species are now threatened. Ensuring the survival of firefly biodiversity depends on a large-scale conservation effort to monitor and protect thousands of populations. While species can be identified by their flash patterns, current methods require expert measurement and manual classification and are infeasible given the number and geographic distribution of fireflies. Here we present the application of a recurrent neural network (RNN) for accurate automated firefly flash pattern classification. Using recordings from commodity cameras, we can extract flash trajectories of individuals within a swarm and classify their species with an accuracy of approximately seventy percent. In addition to its potential in population monitoring, automated classification provides the means to study firefly behavior at the population level. We employ the classifier to measure and characterize the variability within and between swarms, unlocking a new dimension of their behavior. Our method is open source, and deployment in community science applications could revolutionize our ability to monitor and understand firefly populations.
Steady state engineering of a two-level system by the mixed-state inverse engineering scheme
Authors: Wang M. Z. , Ma W. , Wu S. L.
Published: February 2024

The mixed-state inverse engineering scheme is a control scheme used for engineering the quantum state of a driven open quantum system from an initial steady state to a final steady state. In this paper, we present an analytical study of this scheme applied to the driven two-level model coupled to a heat reservoir. Typically, when the purity of the quantum state varies, incoherent control techniques are required for mixed-state engineering. However, we show that for both Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics, coherent control protocols can transfer the quantum state into the target state. This simplification comes at a cost, as the evolution of the quantum state must be limited to restricted conditions, resulting in special trajectories in its Hilbert space that connect the initial and target states.
Understanding the lived-experience and support-needs of people living with antimicrobial resistance in the UK through interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Hamilton Ryan A. , Lond Benjamin , Wilde Lucina , Williamson Iain
Published: February 2024

In the UK nearly 54,000 infections were caused by serious resistant bacteria in 2022 but there is a lack of evidence regarding the long-term impact on patients’ lives nor what support they need. This research aimed to answer the question: “What are the key elements of experience and support needs of people living with AMR in the UK?”. In-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with nine people who had been living with resistant infections or colonisation for 12-months or longer. Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to study the accounts and illustrate individuals’ experiences and support-needs. Participants experienced marginalisation and isolation but also empowerment; described across three major themes: (1) I live in fear and stigma: The long-term impact of AMR; (2) I am battling on my own: A journey toward self-advocacy; and (3) I like to share my story: The role of AMR communities. All participants perceived a lack of knowledge, information, and support from clinicians; difficulties accessing reliable and understandable information; and lack of understanding from family and friends. Charities and online groups provided support with coping with their situation and improving mental health and wellbeing. Understandable and relatable information regarding the science of AMR, transmission, prevention, and living with AMR needs to be provided by clinicians and healthcare services around the time of diagnosis to readily available after diagnosis.
Landscape connectivity for predicting the spread of ASF in the European wild boar population
Authors: Goicolea Teresa , Cisneros-Araújo Pablo , Vega Cecilia Aguilar , Sánchez-Vizcaíno Jose Manuel , Mateo-Sánchez MCruz , Bosch Jaime
Published: February 2024

African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious and highly fatal disease affecting wild and domestic swine, which is unstoppably spreading worldwide. In Europe, wild boars are one of the main drivers of spread, transmission, and maintenance of the disease. Landscape connectivity studies are the main discipline to analyze wild-species dispersal networks, and it can be an essential tool to predict dispersal-wild boar movement routes and probabilities and therefore the associated potential ASF spread through the suitable habitat. We aimed to integrate wild boar habitat connectivity predictions with their occurrence, population abundance, and ASF notifications to calculate the impact (i.e., the capacity of a landscape feature to favor ASF spread) and the risk (i.e., the likelihood of a habitat patch becoming infected) of wild boar infection across Europe. Furthermore, we tested the accuracy of the risk of infection by comparing the results with the temporal distribution of ASF cases. Our findings identified the areas with the highest impact and risk factors within Europe's central and Eastern regions where ASF is currently distributed. Additionally, the impact factor was 31 times higher on habitat patches that were infected vs non-infected, proving the utility of the proposed approach and the key role of wild boar movements in ASF-spread. All data and resulting maps are openly accessible and usable.
The influence of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on prefrontal TDCS effects on aggression
Authors: Weidler Carmen , Hofhansel Lena , Regenbogen Christina , Müller Dario , Clemens Benjamin , Montag Christian , Reif Andreas , Habel Ute
Published: February 2024

Increasing dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) enhances cognitive control and might reduce aggression. The Val158Met polymorphism within the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (rs4680) plays a pivotal role in prefrontal dopamine signaling, displaying associations with aggressive behavior, and potentially influencing the effects of tDCS. In a double-blind, sham-controlled study, we investigated the influence of rs4680 on tDCS effects on aggression. While undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, 89 healthy male participants performed the Taylor aggression paradigm before and immediately after tDCS. Actively stimulated participants (n = 45) received anodal tDCS (1.5 mA) for 20 min targeting the right DLPFC. Carriers of the val-allele (val+; n = 46; active tDCS n = 23) were compared to met-allele homozygotes (val−; n = 43; active tDCS n = 22). Analysis revealed decreased aggressive behavior in the val− group following active tDCS (p < 0.001). The val+ group showed increased aggression during the second session (p < 0.001) with an even higher increase following active as compared to sham tDCS (p < 0.001). No effects of stimulation or rs4680 on brain activation were found. Our study provides evidence for opposite tDCS effects on aggressive behavior in val-carriers and val-noncarriers. By shedding light on genetic factors predicting tDCS responsivity, the study will help to pave the way toward individualized—and thus more effective—tDCS treatment options.
Metaheuristic aided structural topology optimization method for heat sink design with low electromagnetic interference
Authors: Al Ali Musaddiq , Shimoda Masatoshi , Benaissa Brahim , Kobayashi Masakazu , Takeuchi Tsunehiro , Al-Shawk Ameer , Ranjbar Sina
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the application of the Metaheuristic Aided Structural Topology Optimization (MASTO) method as a novel approach to address the multiphysics design challenge of creating a heat sink with both high heat conductivity and minimal Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). A distinctive 2D layout with elongated fins is examined for electromagnetic traits, highlighting resonance-related EMI concerns. MASTO proves to be a valuable tool for navigating the complex design space, yielding thoughtfully optimized solutions that harmonize efficient heat dissipation with effective EMI control. By merging simulation findings with practical observations, this study underscores the potential of the MASTO method in achieving effective designs for intricate multiphysics optimization problems. Specifically, the method's capacity to address the complex interplay of heat transfer with convection and the suppression of electromagnetic emissions is showcased. Moreover, the study demonstrates the feasibility of translating these solutions into tangible outcomes through manufacturing processes.
Influence of the argon admixture on the reactive oxide species formation inside an atmospheric pressure oxygen plasma jet
Authors: Barkhordari Ali , Karimian Saeed , Shahsavari Sajedeh , Krawczyk Dorota , Rodero Antonio
Published: February 2024

In this work, a new atmospheric pressure plasma generated in a wire-to-multiwire dielectric barrier discharge on pure oxygen is introduced. This special geometry of 13 wires (one central wire and 12 ones on the external tube) is feeding by a radio frequency (RF) power (13.56 MHz, 1 kW) and produces a stable discharge. The capacity of this device to produce oxygen reactive species and the influence of Ar gas mixture (1–3%) on this production are investigated. The main characteristics of this DBD plasma are measured using optical emission spectroscopy techniques. The rotational, vibrational, and excitation temperatures along with the electron density are determined from OH (A2Σ → X2Π) band and the Stark broadening of the hydrogen atomic line at 486.1 nm, respectively. The temporal evolution and spatial distribution of charged and reactive species in this plasma are also numerically studied by a Global scheme and a two-dimension fluid model based on drift–diffusion approximation. A kinetic dominated by electron collisions is obtained for this plasma. The generation and movement of electrons, positive and negative ions in the wire-to-multiwire configuration are analyzed and discussed according to changes the electric field and plasma frequency. It is shown that the density of both charged and reactive species increases by adding a small amount of argon to the oxygen plasma while the electron temperature reduces in this configuration. A high level of agreement is observed between the experimental and simulation results for the electron density and temperature in this DBD plasma.
Prediction of xerostomia in elderly based on clinical characteristics and salivary flow rate with machine learning
Authors: Lee Yeon-Hee , Won Jong Hyun , Auh Q.-Schick , Noh Yung-Kyun , Lee Sung-Woo
Published: February 2024

Xerostomia may be accompanied by changes in salivary flow rate and the incidence increases in elderly. We aimed to use machine learning algorithms, to identify significant predictors for the presence of xerostomia. This study is the first to predict xerostomia with salivary flow rate in elderly based on artificial intelligence. In a cross-sectional study, 829 patients with oral discomfort were enrolled, and six features (sex, age, unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates (UFR and SFR, respectively), number of systemic diseases, and medication usage) were used in four machine learning algorithms to predict the presence of xerostomia. The incidence of xerostomia increased with age. The SFR was significantly higher than the UFR, and the UFR and SFR were significantly correlated. The UFR, but not SFR, decreased with age significantly. In patients more than 60 years of age, the UFR had a significantly higher predictive accuracy for xerostomia than the SFR. Using machine learning algorithms with tenfold cross-validation, the prediction accuracy increased significantly. In particular, the prediction accuracy of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm that combined UFR and SFR data was significantly better than either UFR or SFR individually. Moreover, when sex, age, number of systemic diseases, and number of medications were added to the MLP model, the prediction accuracy increased from 56 to 68%.
Sensor extended imaging workflow for creating fit for purpose models in basic and applied cell biology
Authors: Schueler Julia , Sjöman Heikki , Kriesi Carlo
Published: February 2024

While various engineering disciplines spent years on developing methods and workflows to increase their R&D efficiency, the field of cell biology has seen limited evolution in the fundamental approaches to interact with living cells. Perturbations are mostly of chemical nature, and physiologically relevant contexts and stimuli are left with limited attention, resulting in a solution space constrained within the boundaries of presently manageable perturbations. To predict in the laboratory how a drug will work in a human patient, cell biology must have a closer look at life and strive to mimic the human being in all his complexity. By implementing an iterative process from perturbation to measurement and vice versa, the authors suggest using a sensor-extended imaging workflow to implement product development practices to cell biology, opening a physiologically relevant solution space for the development of truly translational and predictive fit for purpose in vitro cell models.
A three-electrode dual-power-supply electrochemical pumping system for fast and energy efficient lithium extraction and recovery from solutions
Authors: Sasaki Kazuya , Shin-mura Kiyoto , Honda Shunsuke , Tazoe Hirofumi , Niwa Eiki
Published: February 2024

The demand for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) for use in electric vehicles, which is key to realizing a decarbonized society, is accelerating. However, the supply of Li resources has recently become a major issue, thereby necessitating the development of economical and sustainable technologies of brine/seawater-based Li extraction and recycling Li from spent LIBs. This paper presents an innovative electrochemical pumping technology based on a new cell structure for Li extraction/recovery. This system can provide large electrochemical driving forces while preventing the occurrence of electronic conduction due to electrolyte reduction. This electrochemical pumping system allows extraction/recovery of Li ions from the anode side to the cathode side, rather than the diffusion of other ions, due to the ion-diffusion-bottleneck size of the electrolyte material. Using this system, high-purity Li can be collected with high energy efficiency and at least 464 times faster than that via conventional electrochemical pumping, even with a commercially available Li-ion electrolyte plate.
Crystal structures and stimuli-responsive properties for three novel D–A type salicylhydrazide–viologen compounds with free radical properties under ambient conditions
Authors: Xu Yu-Ru , Zheng Wen-Hui , Fang Zong-Bin , Huang Jian-Cai , Wu Shu-Ting
Published: February 2024

Three novel hydrazide viologen compounds were synthesized and studied by X-ray single crystal diffraction, and their stable free radical properties, hydrochromic properties and photocurrent effects were studied.
Stimuli-instructed sequential morphological transformations for molecular imaging
Authors: Chen Peiyao , Meng Liling , Zhang Tuotuo , Sun Yao
Published: February 2024

Dual stimuli-instructed cascade self-assembly and disassembly or tandem self-assembly of probes for molecular imaging were summarized and discussed in this review. Current challenges and perspective ideas in this field were also highlighted.
A hetero-bimetallic Ru(ii)–Ir(iii) photosensitizer for effective cancer photodynamic therapy under hypoxia
Authors: Zheng Mengsi , Lin Xinlin , Xiong Kai , Zhang Xiting , Chen Yu , Ji Liangnian , Chao Hui
Published: February 2024

A hetero-bimetallic Ru(ii)–Ir(iii) complex Ru-Ir was developed to act as a type-I and type-II dual photosensitizer for effective cancer photodynamic therapy under hypoxia.
Integrative studies of ionic liquid interface layers: bridging experiments, theoretical models and simulations
Authors: An Rong , Wu Nanhua , Gao Qingwei , Dong Yihui , Laaksonen Aatto , Shah Faiz Ullah , Ji Xiaoyan , Fuchs Harald
Published: February 2024

Integrative “experiment–simulation–thermodynamic modeling” is highly demanded for qualitatively and quantitatively correlating the ionic liquids interface layer structuring to the overall properties, performance, and function.
Transition metal-free C(sp3)–H selenation of β-ketosulfones
Authors: Abdukerem Dilshat , Chen Hui , Mao Zechuan , Xia Kun , Zhu Wenli , Liu Changhong , Yu Yuming , Abdukader Ablimit
Published: February 2024

Direct C(sp3)-H selenation, which is most atom economical, remains a formidable challenge, and only a few examples have been reported to date. In this article, we introduce the transition metal-free C(sp3)-H selenation with β-ketosulfones and diselenides as the material source.
Artificial Intelligence to Determine Fetal Sex
Authors: Frisch Emily H. , Jain Anant , Jin Mike , Duhaime Erik P. , Malshe Amol , Corey Steve , Allen Robert , Duggan Nicole M. , Fischetti Chanel E.
Published: February 2024

Objective This proof-of-concept study assessed how confidently an artificial intelligence (AI) model can determine the sex of a fetus from an ultrasound image.

Study Design Analysis was performed using 19,212 ultrasound image slices from a high-volume fetal sex determination practice. This dataset was split into a training set (11,769) and test set (7,443). A computer vision model was trained using a transfer learning approach with EfficientNetB4 architecture as base. The performance of the computer vision model was evaluated on the hold out test set. Accuracy, Cohen's Kappa and Multiclass Receiver Operating Characteristic area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of the model.

Results The AI model achieved an Accuracy of 88.27% on the holdout test set and a Cohen's Kappa score 0.843. The ROC AUC score for Male was calculated to be 0.896, for Female a score of 0.897, for Unable to Assess a score of 0.916, and for Text Added a score of 0.981 was achieved.

Conclusion This novel AI model proved to have a high rate of fetal sex capture that could be of significant use in areas where ultrasound expertise is not readily available.

Key Points
Femoral Tunnel Position in Anatomical Double-bundle ACL Reconstruction is not Affected by Blumensaat's Line Morphology
Authors: Yahagi Yoshiyuki , Iriuchishima Takanori , Iwama Genki , Suruga Makoto , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to reveal the influence of the morphological variations of the Blumensaat's line on anteromedial (AM) and posterolateral (PL) femoral tunnel position in anatomical double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.

Fifty-three subjects undergoing anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction were included (29 female, 24 male; median age 27.4 years; range: 14–50 years). Using an inside-out transportal technique, the PL tunnel position was made on a line drawn vertically from the bottommost point of the lateral condyle at 90 degrees of knee flexion, spanning a distance of 5 to 8 mm, to the edge of the joint cartilage. AM tunnel position was made 2 mm distal to the PL tunnel position. Following Iriuchishima's classification, the morphology of the Blumensaat's line was classified into straight and hill (large and small) types. Femoral tunnel position was determined using the quadrant method. A Mann–Whitney U test was performed to compare straight and hill type knees according to AM and PL femoral tunnel position.

There were 18 straight and 35 hill type knees (13 small and 22 large hill). AM and PL femoral tunnel position in straight type knees were 21.7 ± 7.0 and 33.6 ± 10.5% in the shallow–deep direction, and 42.1 ± 11.1 and 72.1 ± 8.5% in the high–low direction, respectively. In hill type knees, AM and PL femoral tunnel position were 21.3 ± 5.8 and 36.9 ± 7.1% in the shallow–deep direction, and 44.6 ± 10.7 and 72.1 ± 9.7% in the high–low direction, respectively. No significant difference in AM or PL femoral tunnel position was detected between straight and hill type knees.

AM and PL femoral tunnel position in anatomical double-bundle ACL reconstruction was not affected by the morphological variations of the Blumensaat's line. Surgeons do not need to consider Blumensaat's line morphology if AM and PL femoral tunnel position is targeted at the bottommost point of the lateral condyle. This was a level of evidence III study.
Stoma Self-care: Knowledge and Practices among Ostomates with Intestinal Stoma
Authors: Kang Harmeet Kaur , Choudhary Mamta
Published: February 2024

The objectives of the study were: (1) to assess the knowledge of ostomates regarding self-care of stoma, (2) to assess the practices of ostomates during self-care of stoma, and (3) to find out the association of knowledge of ostomates regarding self-care of stoma with selected clinical and sociodemographic variables.The study was conducted in stoma clinic of selected tertiary care hospitals, New Delhi, India using cross-sectional and descriptive study design. Two hundred and fifty subjects with intestinal stoma were recruited in the study using total enumerative sampling technique. Data were collected using self-structured questionnaire that was developed utilizing an adapted version of the “home management guidelines for stoma care.” Slightly more than half of the subjects (50.4%) had good knowledge regarding self-stoma care. However, 44.8% of subjects had average knowledge regarding stoma self-care, and only 4.8% had poor knowledge regarding self-stoma care. Duration of stoma, status of stoma (whether temporary or permanent), training received regarding stoma care, and subjects linked with stoma group were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in predicting knowledge regarding stoma self-care. The study emphasizes on educational needs of ostomates and recommends developing strategies to meet these needs.
FLT3 and IDH1/2 Inhibitors for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Focused Clinical Narrative Review of Forthcoming Drugs from an Indian Context
Authors: Singh Suvir , Jain Kunal , Singh Jagdeep , Garg Nitish , Arora Akriti
Published: February 2024

Therapeutic approaches for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have witnessed minimal evolution in recent decades, primarily relying on advancements in supportive care and transplantation to drive improvements in overall survival rates. However, treatment with intensive chemotherapy may not be feasible for patients with advanced age or reduced fitness, and outcomes for patients with relapsed/refractory disease continue to be suboptimal. Several agents with a novel mechanism of action have been developed in the past decade and have shown efficacy in patients with both newly diagnosed and relapsed AML. Out of these, several FLT3 (FMS like tyrosine kinase 3) and IDH1/2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2) inhibitors have received regulatory approval in specific clinical settings and are available for clinical use. This is an actively expanding field with several ongoing clinical trials in advanced phases. We provide a focused narrative review of drugs from these two categories with available clinical data.
Inverse Calculation and Regularization Process for the Solar Aspect System (SAS) of HXI Payload on ASO-S Spacecraft
Authors: Yu Ji-Rui , Ruan Ping , Su Yang , He Ying-Hong , Tao Jin-You , Zhang Zhe , Guo Song , Xue Bin , Yang Jian-Feng
Published: February 2024

For the ASO-S/HXI payload, the accuracy of the flare reconstruction is reliant on important factors such as the alignment of the dual grating and the precise measurement of observation orientation. To guarantee optimal functionality of the instrument throughout its life cycle, the Solar Aspect System (SAS) is imperative to ensure that measurements are accurate and reliable. This is achieved by capturing the target motion and utilizing a physical model-based inversion algorithm. However, the SAS optical system’s inversion model is a typical ill-posed inverse problem due to its optical parameters, which results in small target sampling errors triggering unacceptable shifts in the solution. To enhance inversion accuracy and make it more robust against observation errors, we suggest dividing the inversion operation into two stages based on the SAS spot motion model. First, the as-rigid-as-possible (ARAP) transformation algorithm calculates the relative rotations and an intermediate variable between the substrates. Second, we solve an inversion linear equation for the relative translation of the substrates, the offset of the optical axes, and the observation orientation. To address the ill-posed challenge, the Tikhonov method grounded on the discrepancy criterion and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method founded on the Bayesian framework are utilized. The simulation results exhibit that the ARAP method achieves a solution with a rotational error of roughly ±3.″5 (1/2-quantile); both regularization techniques are successful in enhancing the stability of the solution, the variance of error in the MAP method is even smaller—it achieves a translational error of approximately ±18 μm (1/2-quantile) in comparison to the Tikhonov method’s error of around ±24 μm (1/2-quantile). Furthermore, the SAS practical application data indicates the method’s usability in this study. Lastly, this paper discusses the intrinsic interconnections between the regularization methods.
Occult cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism: A nested case-control study
Authors: Sánchez-López Verónica , Marín-Romero Samira , Ferrer-Galván Marta , Elías-Hernández Teresa , Lobo Beristain José Luis , Ballaz Quincoces Aitor , Jara-Palomares Luis , Rodríguez Martorell Francisco Javier , Castro María José , Marín Hinojosa Carmen , López-Campos José Luis , Otero-Candelera Remedios
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Detecting occult cancer in patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a significant challenge. Our objective was to investigate the potential predictive role of coagulation-related biomarkers in the diagnosis of occult malignancies.

Methods

We conducted a nested case-control study with a 1-year prospective cohort of 214 patients with unprovoked VTE, with a focus on identifying occult cancer. At the time of VTE diagnosis, we measured various biomarkers, including soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin), dimerized plasmin fragment D (D-dimer), platelets, leukocytes, hemoglobin, total extracellular vesicles (EVs), EVs expressing tissue factor on their surface (TF+EVs), and EVs expressing P-selectin on their surface (Psel+EVs) in all participants.

Results

We observed statistically significant increased levels of sP-selectin (P = .015) in patients with occult cancer. Despite an increase in Psel+EVs, TF+EVs, D-dimer, and platelets within this group, however, no significant differences were found. When sP-selectin exceeded 62 ng/mL and D-dimer surpassed 10,000 µg/L, the diagnosis of occult cancer demonstrated a specificity of up to 91% (95% CI, 79.9%-96.7%).

Conclusions

The combination of sP-selectin and D-dimer can be a valuable biomarker in detecting occult cancer in patients with unprovoked VTE. Further research is necessary to ascertain whether easily measurable biomarkers such as sP-selectin and D-dimer can effectively distinguish between patients who have VTE with and without hidden malignancies.
A liar-like paradox for rational reflection principles
Authors: Schechter Joshua
Published: February 2024

This article shows that there is a liar-like paradox that arises for rational credence that relies only on very weak logical and credal principles. The paradox depends on a weak rational reflection principle, logical principles governing conjunction and principles governing the relationship between rational credence and proof. To respond to this paradox, we must either reject even very weak rational reflection principles or reject some highly plausible logical or credal principle.