bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria: A review
Authors: Veskovic-Moracanin Slavica , Djukic Dragutin , Memisi Nurgin
Published: November 2014

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have an essential role in the production of
fermented products. With their metabolic activity, they influence the
ripening processes - leading to desired sensory qualities while at the same
time inhibiting the growth of undesired microorganisms. Because of their
dominant role during fermentation and because of a long tradition of
utilization, Lhave been designated as ?safe microbiota?. Biological
protection of LAB, as a naturally present and/or selected and intentionally
added microflora, is realized through the production of non-specific (lactic
acid, acetic acid and other volatile organic acids, hydrogen peroxide,
diacetyl, etc) and specific metabolites, bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are
extracellularly released proteins or peptides which possess certain
antibacterial activity towards certain types of microorganisms, usually
related to the producing bacteria. Today, bacteriocins represent a very
interesting potential for their application in the food industry. Their
application can reduce the use of synthetic preservatives and/or the
intensity of thermal treatment during food production consumer?s need for
safe, fresh and minimally-processed food. With the intention of realizing
this potential to the fullest, it is necessary to understand the nature of
bacteriocins, their production mechanisms, regulations and actions, as well
as the influence of external factors on the their antimicrobial activity. The
composition of food, i.e. its characteristics (pH, temperature, ingredients
and additives, types and quantities of epiphytic microbiota) and the actual
technological process used in production, can all influence the stability and
activity of the added bacteriocins. The future research in this field should
also aim to clarify this unknown aspect of the application of bacteriocins,
to provide the necessary knowledge about the optimization of the external
conditions and open up the possibility of discovering their new
producers.
Transmandibular and transcervical surgical approach in treatment of tongue base cancers - ten-year results
Authors: Jovic Rajko , Dragicevic Danijela , Canji Karol , Gasic Jugoslav , Djozic Masa
Published: November 2014

Introduction. The aim of this study was to present oncological and functional
results of surgical treatment of the base of tongue cancer by analyzing
retrospectively 115 patients treated during a ten-year period. During this
period, 150 patients with cancer of the base of tongue were diagnosed, which
accounts for 5.6% of all diagnosed head and neck cancers and 24.1% of all
oropharyngeal cancers. In 111 patients (96.5%), planocellular carcinoma with
various degrees of differentiation was pathohistologically verified. Neck
metastases were found in 88 (76.5%) patients. Advanced III and IV stages of
disease were verified in 92.9% of patients (stage III in 23.4%, IV A in
59.1%, IV % B in 10.4%). Transmandibular approach was performed in 5.2% of
patients, while 94.8% of patients were approached through pharynx The defects
were covered by primary reconstruction; the pectoralis major myocutaneous
flap was used in 4 patients . During immediate postoperative period, 17
(14.7%) patients developed complications: bleeding occurred in 7 patients
(6%), fistula and wound infection developed in 5 (4.3%) and 11 (9.5%)
patients, respectively. Postoperatively, 61 (53%) patients were treated by
radiation therapy. Swallowing function was resumed in all patients except in
three, who underwent gastrostomy due to the lesion of both hypoglossal
nerves. Gasrostoma was closed after six months when swallowing was resumed.
Local and regional recurrence developed in 13 (11.3%) and 24 (20.8%)
patients, respectively, and distant metastases developed in 4 (3.5%)
patients. Second primary cancer was diagnosed in 9 (7.8%) patients
Disease-specific 3-year survival rate (according to the T category) was 73%,
60%, 45% and 21% in patients with T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively.
Diseasespecific 3-year survival rate (according to category N) was 68% in N0
and 32%) in N +. The overall 3-year survival rate was 42%.
Acoustic analysis of voice in children with cochlear implants
Authors: Miljkovic Maja , Veselinovic Mila , Sokolovac Ivana , Dankuc Dragan , Komazec Zoran , Mumovic Gordana
Published: November 2014

Introduction. The focus of this study was the analysis of objective acoustic
characteristics of voice in children with cochlear implants. The objective
of this study was to compare acoustic parameters of voice in children with
cochlear implants and normal hearing children of the same age, and to
determine differences, if there were any. Material and Methods. There were
60 children (aged from 6 to 13) included in this prospective study. They
were divided into 2 groups: children with cochlear implants (30) and normal
hearing children with normal speech development (30). The most stable voice
sample was analyzed using a software program Dr Speech: Vocal Assessment.
Objective acoustic analysis of voice included 13 acoustic parameters.
Results. Standard deviation of fundamental frequency was significantly
(p=0.000) higher in children with cochlear implants, as well as the values
of harmonic to noise ratio (p=0.003) and signal to noise ratio (p=0.000)
parameters. Values of jitter %, shimmer %, normalized noise energy,
fundamental frequency tremor and amplitude tremor showed no significant
differences between the two groups. However, the values of parameters that
refer to voice frequency (habitual fundamental frequency, mean fundamental
frequency, min fundamental frequency and max fundamental frequency) and the
mean value of voice intensity (p=0.004), were significantly higher in the
boys and the girls with cochlear implants than in the normal hearing
children. Conclusion. Gender non-related parameters of hoarseness did not
show significant differences between the children with cochlear implants and
the normal hearing children; the results of cochlear implantation and voice
and speech education were therefore positive. However, the children with
cochlear implants of both gender showed significantly higher values of voice
intensity, voice pitch and insufficient control of voice pitch variation.
Impact of nasofrontal angle size on changes in nasal airway resistance before and after rhinoseptoplasty
Authors: Kljajic Vladimir , Erdevicki Ljiljana , Vlaski Ljiljana , Savovic Slobodan , Buljcik-Cupic Maja
Published: November 2014

The nose is the most prominent feature of the human face and in terms of
esthetics, it has a significant impact on the overall facial appearance, its
expression and beauty. In addition, it has other functions, which are much
more important, above all breathing, protection, the sense of smell and the
sound of the voice. The nasofrontal angle is the angle between the forehead
and the dorsum of the nose. It determines the prominence of the nasal
pyramid. A more acute nasofrontal angle is associated with a more prominent
nasal pyramid. The nasofrontal angle in the Greek nose is 180?. Although
authors have different opinions, the nasofrontal angle in Caucasian
population should be between 127? and 150?. This prospective, cross-sectional
study included 80 patients of both sexes who had undergone rhinoseptoplasty
at the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases of the Clinical Center of
Vojvodina. Of 80 patients, 22 were males. As for their age, 61% of patients
were between 18 and 25 years old. Analysis of the nasofrontal angle before
and after surgery, with a correlation coefficient of 0.4866, indicates that
preoperative parameters of the nasofrontal angle have a moderate impact on
the postoperative outcome. The impact analysis of the nasofrontal angle on
the airway resistance in the preoperative and postoperative period showed
distinct differences. Both functions can be best described by linear
regression equations. The rhinoseptoplasty procedure reduces the nasofrontal
angle to standard dimensions, consequently leading to reduction of the nasal
airway resistance.
"Silent sinus syndrome": One more indication for functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Jovancevic Ljiljana , Savovic Slobodan , Sotirovic-Senicar Slavica , Buljcik-Cupic Maja
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Silent sinus syndrome is a rare condition, characterized by
spontaneous and progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus associated with
atelectasis of the maxillary sinus and downward displacement of the orbital
floor. Patients with this syndrome present with ophthalmological complaints,
without any nasal or sinus symptoms. Silent sinus syndrome has a painless
course and slow development. It seems to be a consequence of maxillary sinus
hypoventilation due to obstruction of the ostiomeatal unit. The CT scan
findings are typical and definitely confirm the diagnosis of silent sinus
syndrome. Case report. We present the case of a 35-year-old woman, with no
history of orbital trauma or surgery. She had slight righthemifacial pressure
with no sinonasal symptoms. The patient had no double vision nor other
ophthalmological symptoms. The diagnosis of silent sinus syndrome was based
on the gradual onset of enophthalmos and hypoglobus, in the absence of
orbital trauma (including surgery) or prior symptoms of sinus disease. On
paranasal CT scans there was a complete opacification and atelectasis of the
right maxillary sinus with downward bowing of the orbital floor. The patient
was treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery, with no orbital repair.
Conclusion. Silent sinus syndrome presents with orbithopaties but is in fact
a rhinologic disease, so all ophthalmologists, rhinologists and radiologists
should know about it. The treatment of choice for silent sinus syndrome is
functional endoscopic sinus surgery, which should be performed with extra
care, by an experienced rhinosurgeon.
Tracheobronchial foreign body aspiration: A 13-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Dragicevic Danijela , Jovancevic Ljiljana , Jovic Rajko , Vlaski Ljiljana , Bozic Bojan
Published: November 2014

Introduction. Foreign body aspiration into the respiratory tract remains a
diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in clinical practice, especially in
young children, who are the most frequently affected age group. The aim of
this study was to present the results of treating the patients with foreign
body aspiration in all age groups. Material and Methods. The medical and
radiological records of 64 patients with confirmed foreign body out of 146
patients with suspected foreign body aspiration were retrospectively analyzed
during the period of 13 years (from 2001 to 2013). Results. A foreign body
was found in 64 (44%) of the 146 patients of all age groups with suspected
foreign body aspiration. The patients? age ranged between 11 months and 80
years. There were 84% children and 16% adults, and 63% of patients were male.
Time between the moment of aspiration and admission to the Department ranged
between 0.5 hours and 14 days, with majority of patients (70%) being admitted
during the first 24 hour. History of respiratory drama was present in 92% of
patients. Physical and radiological findings were positive in 66% and 47% of
patients, rescpectively. Organic vegetable foreign bodies accounted for 75%
of all cases, and they were most frequently found in the right main bronchus
(63%). All foreign bodies were successfully extracted by rigid bronchoscopy,
without serious complications and fatal outcomes. Conclusion. Bronchoscopy
should be performed in any case of suspected foreign body aspiration, even if
clinical and radiological findings are normal, in order to avoid serious and
possible life-threatening complications. More should be done to raise
awareness of this potentially preventable condition.
Lower and Upper Concept Lattices
Authors: Vaideanu Cristian
Published: November 2014

Formal Concept Analysis is a mathematical theory of data analysis using formal contexts and concept lattices. In this paper, two new types of concept lattices are introduced by using notions from domain theory (in particular, Hoare and Smyth powerdomains). Based on a Galois connection, we prove the fundamental theorem of the Formal Concept Analysis, as well as other properties of lower and upper formal concepts. In this way, we provide new models to represent and retrieve the information in data and knowledge systems.
Interpolation Operators on Some Triangles with Curved Sides
Authors: Cătinaş Teodora , Blaga Petru , Coman Gheorghe
Published: November 2014

This paper contains a survey regarding interpolation and Bernstein-type operators defined on triangles having one or all curved sides; we consider as well some of the product and Boolean sum operators. We study the interpolation properties, the orders of accuracy and the remainders of the generated approximation formulas.
A Topological Approach in the Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski Model of Set Theory
Authors: Alexandru Andrei , Ciobanu Gabriel
Published: November 2014

Lattices of subgroups are presented as algebraic domains. Given an arbitrary group, we define the Scott topology over the subgroups lattice of that group. A basis for this topology is expressed in terms of finitely generated subgroups. Several properties of the continuous functions with respect the Scott topology are obtained; they provide new order properties of groups. Finally there are expressed several properties of the group of permutations of atoms in a permutative model of set theory. We provide new properties of the extended interchange function by presenting some topological properties of its domain. Several order and topological properties of the sets in the Fraenkel-Mostowski model remains also valid in the Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski model, even one axiom in the axiomatic description of the Extended Fraenkel-Mostowski model is weaker than its homologue in the axiomatic description of the Fraenkel-Mostowski model.
The ω*-Open Open Topology for Function Spaces
Authors: Rajesh N. , Sudha P.
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we have introduce and study the concepts of ω*-open sets and ω*-open open topology for function spaces.
CDH1 Mutation in Two Patients with Hereditary Gastric Cancer
Authors: Pogodina Jelena , Ribenieks Roberts , Berzina Dace , Trofimovics Genadijs , Miklasevics Edvins
Published: November 2014

CDH1 is currently the only gene in which mutations are known to cause hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC). Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer is defined as a syndrome of inherited predisposition to cancer with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Specific criteria are used to identify patients with suspected HDGC and who should be investigated for CDH1 germline mutations. Accurate screening is mandatory for unaffected carriers ofCDH1 mutations and selected high-risk individuals could be considered for prophylactic gastrectomy.
Nonoperative Management of Grade IV Liver Injury for Elderly Patient
Authors: Stabina Solvita , Pupelis Guntars , Laguns Reinis , Kaminskis Aleksejs
Published: November 2014

According to current conventional practice 80% to 90% of hepatic injuries can be safely managed without operation. (2) Previously conservative management of the hepatic injuries were recommended for hemodynamically stable patients who did not require blood transfusion and number of trauma centres strongly recommended conservative strategy in alert patient who are able to cooperate with physical examination. However recent experience shows that the key factor in determining whether non-operative management (NOM) can be safely used is hemodynamic stability (HD) of the patient.(5)
Comparison of 2 Manual Therapy and Exercise Protocols for Cervical Radiculopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating Short-Term Effects
Authors: Langevin Pierre , Desmeules François , Lamothe Mélanie , Robitaille Simon , Roy Jean-Sébastien
Published: November 2014

Study Design

Participant- and assessor-blinded randomized clinical trial.

Objectives

To compare a rehabilitation program thought to increase the size of the intervertebral foramen (IVF) of the affected nerve root to a rehabilitation program that doesn't include any specific techniques thought to increase the size of the IVF in patients presenting with cervical radiculopathy (CR).

Background

Clinical approaches for the treatment of CR commonly include exercises and manual therapy techniques thought to increase the size of the IVF, but evidence regarding the effectiveness of these specific manual therapy techniques is scarce.

Methods

Thirty-six participants with CR were randomly assigned either to a group that received a manual therapy and exercise program aimed at increasing the size of the IVF of the affected nerve root (experimental group, n = 18) or to a group that received a manual therapy and exercise program without the specific goal of increasing the size of the IVF of the affected level and side (comparison group, n = 18). Primary (Neck Disability Index) and secondary (shortened version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire [QuickDASH] and numeric pain-rating scale) outcomes were evaluated at baseline, at the end of the 4-week program (week 4), and 4 weeks later (week 8). A mixed-model, 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze treatment effects.

Results

No significant group-by-time interaction or group effect was observed for Neck Disability Index, QuickDASH, and numeric pain-rating scale scores (P≥.14) following the intervention. However, both groups showed statistically and clinically significant improvement from baseline to week 4 and to week 8 in Neck Disability Index, QuickDASH, and numeric pain-rating scale scores (P<.05).

Conclusion

Results suggest that manual therapy and exercises are effective in reducing pain and functional limitations related to CR. The addition of techniques thought to increase the size of the IVF of the affected nerve root yielded no significant additional benefits. Given the absence of a “no treatment” group, a spontaneous resolution of symptoms cannot be excluded. However, the magnitude of improvement makes spontaneous resolution unlikely. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01500044).

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 1b-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(1):4–17. Epub 24 Nov 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5211
Validity of the Thessaly Test in Evaluating Meniscal Tears Compared With Arthroscopy: A Diagnostic Accuracy Study
Authors: Goossens Pjotr , Keijsers Ellen , van Geenen Rutger J.C. , Zijta André , van den Broek Maarten , Verhagen Arianne P. , Scholten-Peeters Gwendolijne G.M.
Published: November 2014

Study Design

Diagnostic accuracy study.

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the Thessaly test compared with an arthroscopic examination in patients with suspected meniscal tears.

Background

The Thessaly test was introduced to improve the diagnostic accuracy of the clinical examination in detecting meniscal tears. This test appears to be a valuable alternative to other meniscal clinical tests usually performed, but additional diagnostic accuracy data are required.

Methods

Patients with suspected meniscal tears, referred to a hospital for arthroscopic surgery, were eligible. The Thessaly test alone and the combination of the Thessaly and McMurray tests were considered as index tests, and arthroscopy was used as the reference test. Experienced physical therapists performed the Thessaly test at 20° of flexion and the McMurray test for both knees. The physical therapist was blinded to patient information, the affected knee, and the results from possible earlier diagnostic imaging. An orthopaedic surgeon blinded to the clinical test results from the physical therapist performed the arthroscopic examination.

Results

A total of 593 patients were included, of whom 493 (83%) had a meniscal tear, as determined by the arthroscopic examination. The Thessaly test had a sensitivity of 64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 60%, 68%), specificity of 53% (95% CI: 43%, 63%), positive predictive value of 87% (95% CI: 83%, 90%), negative predictive value of 23% (95% CI: 18%, 29%), and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.70) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59, 0.78), respectively. The combination of positive Thessaly and McMurray tests showed a sensitivity of 53% and specificity of 62%.

Conclusion

The results of the Thessaly test alone or combined with the McMurray test do not seem useful to determine the presence or absence of meniscal tears.

Level of Evidence

Diagnosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(1):18–24. Epub 24 Nov 2014. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5215
Rapid Assessment of Glass Etching/Corrosion using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring, QCM-D
Authors: Macakova Lubica , Kjellin Mikael , Andersson Martin , Löf Leif , Wnukowska Halina
Published: November 2014

A new method to determine glass corrosion/etching is presented. The method enables a rapid screening of formulations in terms of their glass etching tendency as well as identification of the main components responsible for giving rise to the etching. Up to four formulations can be evaluated during one day. The high sensitivity of the QCM-D instrument enables measuring the etching of thicknesses less than one nm. Therefore, the technique can be used efficiently to screen components in the formulations and aid in the development phase of new optimised dishwash detergent formulations. In a planned work we will investigate the correlation between the etching rate of thin sputtered glass films at the surface of QCM-D crystals and good performance in a standardized dishwasher test using melt-quenched glasses.
Micelle Based Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Chloroquine Phosphate in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma
Authors: Jan M. Rasul , Shah Jasmin , Javed M. Aamir , Yousaf Nageen
Published: November 2014

Simple, sensitive and economic spectrofluorimetric method has been described for the determination of chloroquine phosphate in pure form, pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma. In the developed method, fluorescence intensity of chloroquine phosphate was enhanced with 0.4 M sodium dodecyl sulfate in basic media of pH 10 at room temperature. The excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent chloroquine phosphate are 330 nm and 369 nm respectively. The developed approach has a broad linear range (0.03–5 μg mL−1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9976. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 3.38 × 10−3 μg mL−1 and 1.12 × 10−2 μg mL−1 respectively. The common additives and co-administered medications were investigated for their interferences effect in the assay. The method was validated statistically through recovery studies and successfully applied to chloroquine phosphate determination in bulk powder, pharmaceutical preparation and spiked human plasma samples. The percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.42–100.46 % for bulk powder, 97.48–101.21 % for pharmaceutical formulations and 96.49–98.48 % for spiked human plasma.
Synthesis and Characterization ofN-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine Surfactant
Authors: Han Fu , Gao Ya-di , Liu Yi-lang , Liang Yin-lian , Zhou Ya-wen , Xu Bao-cai
Published: November 2014

The synthesis and structural analysis of glucosamide surfactants of the general formula CnH2n+1NH(CH2)6NHCO(CHOH)4CH2OH (n = 8, 10, 12) were described, and the surface activity properties of the surfactants were studied, and the interfacial tensions betweenn-octane and the aqueous surfactant solution were measured.N-alkylhexanediamines were synthesized by the alkylation of the 1,6-hexanediamine with alkyl bromide. The glucosamide surfactants,N-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine (CnGA), were prepared by amidation of the precursor diamine with D-gluconic acid δ-lactone. They were structurally characterized by IR,1H NMR and MS. They reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 28–33 mN · m−1at concentration levels of (0.2–1.0) × 10−3mol · L−1, and reduced the interfacial tensions betweenn-octane and the aqueous surfactant solution to approximately 1–2 mN · m−1at concentration levels of (0.3–4.2) × 10−3mol · L−1.
Surfactant Assisted Enhancement of Bioremediation Rate for Hexavalent Chromium by Water Extract of Siris (Albizia lebbeck) Sawdust
Authors: Mukherjee Kakali , Ghosh Debranjan , Saha Bidyut
Published: November 2014

Cr(VI) is introduced into environment as a byproduct of industries. It is highly toxic. Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by various types of sawdust appears as a very cost-effective alternative for decontamination of Cr(VI) bearing effluents. In this work water extract of siris sawdust is used for the bioremediation of hexavalent chromium. Cr(VI) ions were reduced to Cr(III) ions as a result of oxidation of organic components present in the water extract of siris sawdust. Formation of Cr(III) is proved by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Functional groups involved in the reduction of Cr(VI) are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Bioremediation rate is increased by the use of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and neutral surfactant Triton-X-100 (TX-100). Here they act as micellar catalyst. Formation of micelles which is responsible for the catalysis of the process is proved by SEM and optical images of the solution. In absence of surfactants 39 % of the total chromium(VI) is reduced within 531 h whereas removal percentage increases upto 54 % in presence of TX-100. Again in presence of SDS the reduction process is almost 99 % complete within 531 h.
RNA interference targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α via a novel multifunctional surfactant attenuates glioma growth in an intracranial mouse model
Authors: Gillespie David L. , Aguirre Maria T. , Ravichandran Sandhya , Leishman Lisa L. , Berrondo Claudia , Gamboa Joseph T. , Wang Libo , King Rose , Wang Xuli , Tan Mingqian , Malamas Anthony , Lu Zheng-Rong , Jensen Randy L.
Published: November 2014

OBJECT

High-grade gliomas are the most common form of adult brain cancer, and patients have a dismal survival rate despite aggressive therapeutic measures. Intratumoral hypoxia is thought to be a main contributor to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of these tumors. Because hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the major mediator of hypoxia-regulated cellular control, inhibition of this transcription factor may reduce glioblastoma growth.

METHODS

Using an orthotopic mouse model with U87-LucNeo cells, the authors used RNA interference to knock down HIF-1α in vivo. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) was packaged using a novel multifunctional surfactant, 1-(aminoethyl) iminobis[N-(oleicylcysteinylhistinyl-1-aminoethyl)propionamide] (EHCO), a nucleic acid carrier that facilitates cellular uptake and intracellular release of siRNA. Stereotactic injection was used to deliver siRNA locally through a guide-screw system, and delivery/uptake was verified by imaging of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Osmotic pumps were used for extended siRNA delivery to model a commonly used human intracranial drug-delivery technique, convection-enhanced delivery.

RESULTS

Mice receiving daily siRNA injections targeting HIF-1α had a 79% lower tumor volume after 50 days of treatment than the controls. Levels of the HIF-1 transcriptional targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), c-MET, and carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) and markers for cell growth (MIB-1 and microvascular density) were also significantly lower. Altering the carrier EHCO by adding polyethylene glycol significantly increased the efficacy of drug delivery and subsequent survival.

CONCLUSIONS

Treating glioblastoma with siRNA targeting HIF-1α in vivo can significantly reduce tumor growth and increase survival in an intracranial mouse model, a finding that has direct clinical implications.
Clinical features and long-term outcomes of moyamoya disease: a single-center experience with 528 cases in China
Authors: Liu Xing-ju , Zhang Dong , Wang Shuo , Zhao Yuan-li , Teo Mario , Wang Rong , Cao Yong , Ye Xun , Kang Shuai , Zhao Ji-Zong
Published: November 2014

OBJECT

The aim of this study was to describe the baseline clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) based on a 25-year period at a single center in China.

METHODS

 Data obtained in 528 consecutive patients with MMD treated at the authors' hospital from 1984 to 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Events of transient ischemic attack, new infarction, and hemorrhage were included. The Kaplan-Meier risk of stroke was calculated.

RESULTS

 The mean (± SD) patient age was 26 ± 13 years (range 2–67 years), and the female/male ratio was 0.9:1. There were 332 cases of ischemia and 196 hemorrhages. Adults had a higher rate of bleeding than children (50.7% vs 14.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). One hundred twenty-two patients were treated conservatively, and 406 patients underwent revascularization procedures. Of 528 patients, 331 (62.7%) had at least 1 year of follow-up (median 39.5 months) and data from these patients were analyzed. Rebleeding and mortality rates in patients with hemorrhagic MMD (n = 104) were higher than in those with ischemic MMD (n = 227) (26.9% vs 2.2% [p < 0.001] and 4.8% vs 0.4% [p < 0.05], respectively). Twenty-five of 60 (41.7%) conservatively treated patients and 8 of 271 (2.9%) surgically treated patients experienced rebleeding events, a difference that was significant in the Kaplan-Meier curve of rebleeding (p < 0.01). An improvement in perfusion was found in 164 of 224 (73.2%) surgically treated patients 1 month after discharge. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of ischemic events in the surgical and conservative groups (18.8% and 28.3%, respectively; p = 0.09). Among the 104 hemorrhagic cases, rebleeding attacks were observed in 25 patients in the nonsurgical group (n = 60) and 3 patients in the surgical group (n = 44) (41.7% and 6.8%, respectively; OR 9.7 [95% CI 2.7–35.0]; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

 There was no difference in the sex distribution of Chinese patients with MMD. Patients with hemorrhagic MMD had a much higher rate of rebleeding and poorer prognosis than those with the ischemic type. Surgical revascularization procedures can improve cerebral perfusion and have a positive impact in preventing rebleeding in patients with hemorrhagic MMD.
On Blends and Abstractions: Children's Literature and the Mechanisms of Holocaust Representation
Authors: Pettitt Joanne
Published: November 2014

Critics have long since noted that children's literature of the Holocaust is caught between two binary oppositions: it must offer an emphatic didactic message whilst simultaneously providing an appropriate ‘safe’ distance between the implied reader and the atrocities committed. The result is that texts of this kind frequently consign the most brutal aspects of the story to the periphery of the narrative as a lack and the true horror of the Holocaust is reified in more conceptual forms. In other words, that which is said may be explained by that which is not said. Taking cognitive poetics as my methodological approach, I attempt to illustrate the ways in which the said/not-said binary can be usefully manipulated as a means of facilitating the requirements for both didacticism and appropriate suitability simultaneously. Through an examination of the uses of conceptual integration and metonymy, I demonstrate the power of – and issues surrounding – silence as a means of representation in itself.
Biosensors for Inorganic and Organic Arsenicals
Authors: Chen Jian , Rosen Barry
Published: November 2014

Arsenic is a natural environmental contaminant to which humans are routinely exposed and is strongly associated with human health problems, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. To date, a number of biosensors for the detection of arsenic involving the coupling of biological engineering and electrochemical techniques has been developed. The properties of whole-cell bacterial or cell-free biosensors are summarized in the present review with emphasis on their sensitivity and selectivity. Their limitations and future challenges are highlighted.
The Influence of Energy Targets and Economic Concerns in Design Strategies for a Residential Nearly-Zero Energy Building
Authors: Barthelmes Verena , Becchio Cristina , Bottero Marta , Corgnati Stefano
Published: November 2014

Finding cost-optimal solutions towards nearly-zero energy buildings in accordance with the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) is a challenging task. In order to reach the 20-20-20 targets, EU energy policy has introduced new ambitious levels for the large-scale spread of nearly-zero energy buildings (nZEBs) and the concept of the cost-optimal level, defined as the energy performance level, which leads to the lowest cost during the estimated economic lifecycle of the building. Consequently, building design has begun a challenge involving both energy targets and economic concerns. The aim of this research is to analyze an example building of a new single family house, using the cost-optimal methodology, in order to define how energy and economic aspects influence the preliminary design phase of the project and, in particular, the choice of the performance features of some components of the project itself, such as envelope elements and systems. The impact on energy performances of different configurations for the building envelope and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems was assessed with the dynamic simulation software EnergyPlus. Finally, the costs of the different design scenarios were estimated, according to the European Standard EN 15459:2007 to establish which of them had the lowest global cost and, consequently, represents the cost-optimal level for the design configurations analyzed. In order to test the stability of the results obtained, different sensitivity analyses were carried out.
Vitamin D and Psoriasis Pathology in the Mediterranean Region, Valencia (Spain)
Authors: Suárez-Varela Maria , Reguera-Leal Paloma , Grant William , Rubio-López Nuria , Llopis-González Agustín
Published: November 2014

Vitamin D has important immunomodulatory effects on psoriasis in the Mediterranean region. To measure vitamin D intake in subjects with and without psoriasis, and to find an association with relevant clinical features, a case-control study was performed using cases (n = 50, 50% participation rate) clinically diagnosed with psoriasis and 200 healthy subjects (39.5% participation rate), leaving a final sample of 104 people. A survey was conducted using a food frequency questionnaire and clinical histories. Cases and controls were compared using univariate and multivariate analyses. We observed insufficient intake of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) or ergocalciferol (vitamin D2) for both cases and controls. Patients with psoriasis were at greater risk of associated pathologies: dyslipidaemia (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 0.8–15.2); metabolic syndrome (OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 0.2–53.9); hypertension (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.4–7.2). Insufficient vitamin D intake in both psoriasis patients and controls in the Mediterranean population, and cardiovascular comorbility is more frequent in patients with psoriasis.
Influenza Vaccination Coverage among Adults in Korea: 2008–2009 to 2011–2012 Seasons
Authors: Yang Hye , Cho Sung-il
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to examine seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination coverage in adults from the 2008–2009 season to the 2011–2012 season, including pandemic and post-pandemic seasons in Korea. We collected data of self-reported vaccine use from the Korean Community Health Survey. We also collected information on socioeconomic status and health behaviors in subpopulations. We tested for linear trends among the data to investigate vaccine coverage before and after the pandemic; and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of obtaining the influenza vaccination. The results revealed a steady increase in vaccination coverage in every subgroup during four consecutive seasons. The highest rate of vaccine coverage (43.6%) occurred two years after the pandemic. Factors associated with vaccine receipt were: older age; lower education level; lower income; and health behaviors such as regular walking and receiving a health check-up. Smoking and drinking alcohol were inversely associated with vaccination. Having a chronic health condition was also a strong predictor of vaccine receipt. Though vaccination coverage rates were high in high-risk groups; disparities in coverage rates were substantial; particularly in young adults. Interventions are needed to minimize the coverage gaps among subgroups and to improve overall vaccination rates.
Childhood Acute Respiratory Infections and Household Environment in an Eastern Indonesian Urban Setting
Authors: Shibata Tomoyuki , Wilson James , Watson Lindsey , LeDuc Alyse , Meng Can , Ansariadi  , La Ane Ruslan , Manyullei Syamsuar , Maidin Alimin
Published: November 2014

This pilot study evaluated the potential effect of household environmental factors such as income, maternal characteristics, and indoor air pollution on children’s respiratory status in an Eastern Indonesian community. Household data were collected from cross-sectional (n = 461 participants) and preliminary childhood case-control surveys (pneumonia cases = 31 diagnosed within three months at a local health clinic; controls = 30). Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was measured in living rooms, kitchens, children’s bedrooms, and outside areas in close proximity once during the case-control household interviews (55 homes) and once per hour from 6 a.m. to midnight in 11 homes. The household survey showed that children were 1.98 times (p = 0.02) more likely to have coughing symptoms indicating respiratory infection, if mothers were not the primary caregivers. More children exhibited coughing if they were not exclusively breastfed (OR = 2.18; p = 0.06) or there was a possibility that their mothers were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy (OR = 2.05; p = 0.08). This study suggests that household incomes and mother’s education have an indirect effect on childhood pneumonia and respiratory illness. The concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 ranged from 0.5 to 35.7 µg/m3 and 7.7 to 575.7 µg/m3, respectively, based on grab samples. PM was significantly different between the case and control groups (p < 0.01). The study also suggests that ambient air may dilute indoor pollution, but also introduces pollution into the home from the community environment. Effective intervention programs need to be developed that consider multiple direct and indirect risk factors to protect children.
Methanobactin-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Supported over Al2O3 toward an Efficient Catalyst for Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Xin Jia-Ying , Lin Kai , Wang Yan , Xia Chun-Gu
Published: November 2014

Methanobactin (Mb) is a copper-binding peptide that appears to function as an agent for copper sequestration and uptake in methanotrophs. Mb can also bind and reduce Au(III) to Au(0). In this paper, Au/Al2O3 catalysts prepared by a novel incipient wetness-Mb-mediated bioreduction method were used for glucose oxidation. The catalysts were characterized, and the analysis revealed that very small gold nanoparticles with a particle size <4 nm were prepared by the incipient wetness-Mb-mediated bioreduction method, even at 1.0% Au loading (w/w). The influence of Au loading, calcination temperature and calcination time on the specific activity of Au/Al2O3 catalysts was systematically investigated. Experimental results showed that decomposing the Mb molecules properly by calcinations can enhance the specific activity of Au/Al2O3 catalysts, though they acted as reductant and protective agents during the catalyst preparation. Au/Al2O3 catalysts synthesized by the method exhibited optimum specific activity under operational synthesis conditions of Au loading of 1.0 wt % and calcined at 450 °C for 2 h. The catalysts were reused eight times, without a significant decrease in specific activity. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt at the preparation of Au/Al2O3 catalysts by Mb-mediated in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
Twist-1 Up-Regulation in Carcinoma Correlates to Poor Survival
Authors: Wushou Alimujiang , Hou Jing , Zhao Ya-Jun , Shao Zhi-Ming
Published: November 2014

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) facilitates tumor metastasis. Twist is a basic helix-loop-helix protein that modulates many target genes through E-box-responsive elements. There are two twist-like proteins, Twist-1 and Twist-2, sharing high structural homology in mammals. Twist-1 was found to be a key factor in the promotion of metastasis of cancer cells, and is known to induce EMT. Twist-1 participation in carcinoma progression and metastasis has been reported in a variety of tumors. However, controversy exists concerning the correlation between Twist-1 and prognostic value with respect to carcinoma. A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine whether the expression of Twist-1 was associated with the prognosis of carcinoma patients. This analysis included 17 studies: four studies evaluated lung cancer, three evaluated head and neck cancer, two evaluated breast cancer, two evaluated esophageal cancer, two evaluated liver cancer and one each evaluated osteosarcoma, bladder, cervical and ovarian cancer. A total of 2006 patients were enrolled in these studies, and the median trial sample size was 118 patients. Twist-1 expression was associated with worse overall survival (OS) at both 3 years (hazard ratio “HR” for death = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.86 to 2.45, p < 0.001) and 5 years (HR for death = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.29, p < 0.001). Expression of Twist-1 is associated with worse survival in carcinoma.
Potential Application of Curcumin and Its Analogues in the Treatment Strategy of Patients with Primary Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Terlikowska Katarzyna , Witkowska Anna , Zujko Malgorzata , Dobrzycka Bozena , Terlikowski Slawomir
Published: November 2014

Recent findings on the molecular basis of ovarian cancer development and progression create new opportunities to develop anticancer medications that would affect specific metabolic pathways and decrease side systemic toxicity of conventional treatment. Among new possibilities for cancer chemoprevention, much attention is paid to curcumin—A broad-spectrum anticancer polyphenolic derivative extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. According to ClinicalTrials.gov at present there are no running pilot studies, which could assess possible therapeutic benefits from curcumin supplementation to patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, the goal of this review was to evaluate potential preclinical properties of curcumin and its new analogues on the basis of in vivo and in vitro ovarian cancer studies. Curcumin and its different formulations have been shown to display multifunctional mechanisms of anticancer activity, not only in platinum-resistant primary epithelial ovarian cancer, but also in multidrug resistant cancer cells/xenografts models. Curcumin administered together with platinum-taxane chemotherapeutics have been reported to demonstrate synergistic effects, sensitize resistant cells to drugs, and decrease their biologically effective doses. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that curcumin, due to its long-term safety and an excellent profile of side effects should be considered as a beneficial support in ovarian cancer treatment strategies, especially in patients with platinum-resistant primary epithelial recurrent ovarian cancer or multidrug resistant disease. Although the prospect of curcumin and its formulations as anticancer agents in ovarian cancer treatment strategy appears to be challenging, and at the same time promising, there is a further need to evaluate its effectiveness in clinical studies.
Inter-Dye Distance Distributions Studied by a Combination of Single-Molecule FRET-Filtered Lifetime Measurements and a Weighted Accessible Volume (wAV) Algorithm
Authors: Höfig Henning , Gabba Matteo , Poblete Simón , Kempe Daryan , Fitter Jörg
Published: November 2014

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is an important tool for studying the structural and dynamical properties of biomolecules. The fact that both the internal dynamics of the biomolecule and the movements of the biomolecule-attached dyes can occur on similar timescales of nanoseconds is an inherent problem in FRET studies. By performing single-molecule FRET-filtered lifetime measurements, we are able to characterize the amplitude of the motions of fluorescent probes attached to double-stranded DNA standards by means of flexible linkers. With respect to previously proposed experimental approaches, we improved the precision and the accuracy of the inter-dye distance distribution parameters by filtering out the donor-only population with pulsed interleaved excitation. A coarse-grained model is employed to reproduce the experimentally determined inter-dye distance distributions. This approach can easily be extended to intrinsically flexible proteins allowing, under certain conditions, to decouple the macromolecule amplitude of motions from the contribution of the dye linkers.
Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Oil from the Fruit of Gardenia jasminoides and Its Antidepressant Activity
Authors: Tao Weiwei , Zhang Hailou , Xue Wenda , Ren Li , Xia Baomei , Zhou Xin , Wu Haoxin , Duan Jinao , Chen Gang
Published: November 2014

A response surface methodology was applied to optimize the variables affecting the supercritical ﬂuid carbon dioxide extraction of oil from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides using the Box–Behnken design. The optimum extraction parameters were an extraction temperature of 49.94 °C, an extraction pressure of 29.89 MPa and an extraction time of 93.82 min. Through a GC/MS analysis, we revealed 16 major components of the oil extract, which showed potent antidepressant effects in both of two behavior despair models in mice: tail suspension test and forced swimming test. Our results suggest that the oil extract of Gardenia jasminoides prepared using the supercritical ﬂuid carbon dioxide extraction may contain effective constituents to be used for depression therapy.
EOP, a Newly Synthesized Ethyl Pyruvate Derivative, Attenuates the Production of Inflammatory Mediators via p38, ERK and NF-κB Pathways in Lipopolysaccharide-Activated BV-2 Microglial Cells
Authors: Min Soon , More Sandeep , Park Ju-Young , Jeon Sae-Bom , Park Shin , Park Eun-Jung , Yoon Sung-Hwa , Choi Dong-Kug
Published: November 2014

Microglia-induced neuroinflammation is an important pathological mechanism influencing various neurodegenerative disorders. Excess activation of microglia produces a myriad of proinflammatory mediators that decimate neurons. Hence, therapeutic strategies aimed to suppress the activation of microglia might lead to advancements in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we synthesized a novel ethyl pyruvate derivative, named EOP (S-ethyl 2-oxopropanethioate) and studied its effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) in rat primary microglia and mouse BV-2 microglia. EOP significantly decreased the production of NO, inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase and other proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α, in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia. The phosphorylation levels of extracellular regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were also inhibited by EOP in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells. Overall, our observations indicate that EOP might be a promising therapeutic agent to diminish the development of neurodegenerative diseases associated with microglia activation.