bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chylothorax – a Rare Complication after Cardiac Surgery (a Case Report)
Authors: Manďák Jiří , Habal Petr , Štětina Milan , Harrer Jan
Published: May 2016

Chylothorax is a rare but severe complication of cardiac surgery. The authors present the case of a 76-year-old woman suffering from ischemic heart disease, after coronary artery bypass grafting that included a left internal mammary artery pedicle graft. On the ninth postoperative day the left-sided fluidothorax developed. The results of biochemical analysis were consistent with the chyle. Combined treatment with pleural drainage and total parenteral nutrition was effective.
Caco-2 Cells, Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) and Biowaiter
Authors: Smetanová Libuše , Štětinová Věra , Svoboda Zbyněk , Květina Jaroslav
Published: May 2016

Almost all orally administered drugs are absorbed across the intestinal mucosa. The Caco-2 monolayers are used as an in vitro model to predict drug absorption in humans and to explore mechanism of drug absorption. The Caco-2 cells are derived from a human colon adenocarcinoma and spontaneously differentiate to form confluent monolayer of polarized cells structurally and functionally resembling the small intestinal epithelium. For studying drug permeability, Caco-2 cells are seeded onto the Transwell inserts with semipermeable membrane and grown to late confluence (21 days). After determination of cell viability, the integrity of monolayer is checked by phenol red permeability and by 14C-mannitol permeability. The transport from apical to basolateral (AP-BL) and basolateral to apical (BL-AP) is studied by adding the diluted drug on the apical or basolateral side and withdrawing the samples from the opposite compartment, respectively, for HPLC analysis or liquid scintillation spectrometry. Ca2+- free transport medium is used to determine paracellular component of the drug transport. On the basis of permeability and solubility, drugs can be categorized into four classes of Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS). For certain drugs, the BCS-based biowaiver approach can be used which enables to reduce in vivo bioequivalence studies.
“Meeting of Styles” and the online infrastructures of graffiti
Authors: Blommaert Jan
Published: May 2016

Based on an analysis of a globalized graffiti-event called Meeting of Styles, in Berchem (Antwerp, Belgium), August 2015, this paper makes two elementary points. One, and in general sociological terms, understanding contemporary social and cultural processes is difficult when we do not take into account the complex dialectics between “offline” and “online” dimensions of these processes. Two, more specifically, this also applies to linguistic landscape analysis, where localist interpretations of signs in public space now need to take into account the intense connections between such “offline” signs and “online” infrastructures of knowledge, interaction and identity that attribute meaning, function and value to such signs. While both points appear self-evident, their implications for theory and analysis are profound and in need of exploration.
Investigating mediation styles of second language listener verbal reports
Authors: Yeldham Michael , Chen Rainbow Tsai-Hung
Published: May 2016

This study investigated verbal report styles for eliciting strategies data from second language listeners. It examined outcomes from three different mediation (prompting) styles, one style unprompted and the two others prompted, after the learners were first provided with low-prescriptive instructions on how to complete the report. Also, the unprompted style was additionally examined after the provision of more-prescriptive instructions to observe the effect of this greater learner guidance. Theoretically, the core of the study examined two competing cognitive perspectives on verbal reporting. One, from an information processing perspective, is that verbal reports elicit the best insight into individuals’ strategic processes when prompts are kept to a minimum. The other perspective, a constructivist one, advocates the use of prompts in the form of researcher questions, mainly to help guide the report. Seventeen Taiwanese EFL learners participated in the study, with data gathered from each through a verbal report followed by a semi-structured interview. It was found that researcher prompting was both strongly favored by the learners and clearly elicited the best data for second language listener strategies research. The results also indicated that unprompted reports were little more effective when preceded by more-prescriptive instructions.
The Use of IUPAC Names in Glossaries
Authors: Templeton Doug
Published: May 2016

In a series of Glossaries related to terminology in toxicology and published in
Crystal structure of dimethyl 5-(dibenzylamino)isophthalate, C24H23NO4
Authors: Li Yaping , Sun Dajun , Ming Julia , Su Guanfang
Published: May 2016

C24H23NO4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.492(6) Å, b = 9.259(4) Å, c = 15.993(8) Å, β = 94.009(9)°, V = 1993.0(16) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0409, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1201, T = 293(2) K.
Integration of low-dimensional materials for energy-harvesting applications: current progress, scope, challenges, and opportunities
Authors: Amer Moh R. , Alaskar Yazeed , Qasem Hussam , Alsaffar Fadhel , Alhussain Abdulrahman
Published: May 2016

During the past few years, scientists have shown that climate change is a serious problem that mandates adequate solutions. Greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide contribute to heat trapping in the atmosphere, which increases the global temperature. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and the carbon footprint to zero is an essential step toward maintaining a 2°C temperature change. In doing so, researchers and scientists have focused much attention on finding alternative technologies that provide clean and sustainable energy. In particular, nanotechnology can offer this alternative solution to the ongoing energy crisis. The recent progress in nanomaterial research has focused on the development of high-efficiency optoelectronics, batteries, low-power electronics, and thermoelectric devices for energy generation applications. With the emergence of new nanomaterials, such as carbonaceous materials and transition metal dichalcogenides, new physics have emerged. Scientists and engineers are still eager to answer some of the fundamental issues concerning these nanomaterials, including optical, electrical, and thermal properties. Yet, to this day, nanotechnology solutions to provide a sustainable energy are hinged by the ability to control and fully understand the properties of these nanomaterials. Here, we highlight some of the recent progress carried out in nano-optoelectronics, and share our thoughts on the opportunities and challenges facing low-dimensional devices to generate clean and sustainable energy.
Zum Ursprung der Stabdolche und stabdolchartiger Waffen in Europa
Authors: Horn Christian , Schenck Tine
Published: May 2016

Stabdolche gelten nach wie vor in weiten Teilen der europäischen Forschung als relativ kurzlebige Erscheinung der Frühbronzezeit. In diesem Beitrag wird für eine erste Nachweisbarkeit von Stabdolchen aus Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen in der ersten Hälfte des 4. Jts. v. Chr. plädiert. Im Weiteren wird aufgezeigt, dass die Idee, Klingen und Spitzen stabdolchartig zu schäften, bereits im vierten und frühen dritten Jts. v. Chr. von Zentralitalien bis nach Südskandinavien weit verbreitet war. Diskutiert werden eine rechtwinklige Schäftung und der Gebrauch „dicker Spitzen“ der Trichterbecherkultur als Waffe. In die Diskussion einbezogen werden Gebrauchsspuranalysen von 115 Klingen. Erörtert wird eine Waffenfunktion der sog. Geweihspitzen aus den Seeufersiedlungen der Schweiz sowie der Versuch einiger Forscher, die Idee, Waffen stabdolchartig zu schäften, zeitlich und geografisch zu verorten. Als technologischer Ursprung werden Werkzeuge benannt, die es aufgrund ihrer Multifunktionalität möglich erscheinen lassen, dass sich Stabdolche als innovative neue Waffe an verschiedenen Orten und zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten entwickelten.
Innovations in European Bronze Age textiles
Authors: Bender Jørgensen Lise , Rast-Eicher Antoinette
Published: May 2016

Während der Bronzezeit kam es in Europas nach dem Aufkommen von Wolle als neuem Rohstoff zu einer Reihe von Innovationen im Bereich der Textilien. Neue Analysen und die Nutzung der SEMMikroskopie erbrachten eine Vielzahl von Informationen zur Verwendung von Pflanzenfasern und Wolle, insbesondere zur Frage, wie und in welchem Umfang Wolle vor dem Spinnen sortiert und verarbeitet wurde. Als weitere Neuerungen anzuführen sind die Dekoration von Textilien durch Stickereien und die Köperbindung. Auch die Werkzeuge zur Textilbearbeitung veränderten sich, um Wolle verarbeiten zu können. Der Beitrag stellt Nachweise für die Faserverarbeitung vor und beschreibt, wie das Aufkommen der Wolle weitere Innovationen in der Textilherstellung nach sich zog.
Bronzization: The Bronze Age as Pre-Modern Globalization
Authors: Vandkilde Helle
Published: May 2016

Ist es möglich, die Bronzezeit im Sinne der soziologisch definierten Begrifflichkeit “Globalisierung” zu fassen? Der Beitrag folgt dieser Fragestellung auf analytischem Wege, aber auch in der Diskussion ihrer Merkmale auf Basis moderner und zeitgenössischer Geschichtsschreibung. Sichtbar wird, dass die Bronzezeit als einzigartiges Beispiel der Verschränkung eines kontinentübergreifenden afrikanisch-eurasischen Großraumes anzusehen ist, der sich um etwa 2000 v. Chr. herausbildete und um ca. 1200 v. Chr. wieder verschwand. Um die Bronzezeit als ein entsprechend globalisiertes Phänomen betrachten zu können, wurde der Begriff “bronzization” eingeführt, der die Bronze als entscheidende Ressource eines historischen Wandels über den Zeitraum von 800 Jahren fasst und in den Mittelpunkt der Forschung stellt.
Eine Insel der Pazifisten im Meer der Krieger? Anmerkungen zu einem Grabinventar von Aasø, Seeland
Authors: Przybył* Marzena J.
Published: May 2016

Der Artikel behandelt das in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderst zufällig entdeckte Männergrab von Aasø auf Seeland. Seine Ausstattung gehört zu den reichsten Männerbestattungen Seelands der spätrömischen Kaiserzeit. Neben einem Satz von provinzialrömischen Gefäßen, Spielsteinen, Spielbrett-, Horn- und Gürtelbeschlägen, wurden in ihm – was untypisch für die Bestattungssitten Seelands ist – Bewaffnungselemente gefunden. Das Inventar ist Ausgangspunkt für Erörterungen hinsichtlich des „Waffentabus“ im Bestattungsritual auf Seeland – eines Brauches, der diese Insel von benachbarten Gebieten über die gesamte jüngere vorrömische Eisenzeit, römische Kaiserzeit und frühe Völkerwanderungszeit unterscheidet. Besprochen werden auch formale und technologische Merkmale des im Inventar von Aasø gefundenen Schildbuckels, der zwar anderen zeitgleichen Schildbuckeln aus Nordeuropa entspricht, der aufgrund seiner Herstellungsweise aber deutlich an römische Erzeugnisse erinnert.

Ein separates Thema, das in Zusammenhang mit im Grab gefundenen Gürtelteilen zur Sprache kommt, sind die bisher wenig deutlichen Verbindungen Seelands mit dem südöstlichen Ostseeraum.

Weil keine Angaben über die Lage der Inventarteile im Grab von Aasø vorliegen, mussten sie anhand der Angaben über andere spätrömerzeitliche Gräbern von Seeland rekonstruiert werden. In Anlehnung an die zugänglichen Daten in diesem Bereich lassen sich einige allgemeine Regelmäßigkeiten hinsichtlich der Deponierungsweise der Beigaben in spätkaiserzeitlichen seeländischen Gräbern feststellen. Weiterhin wird auch eine Analyse zur sozialen Differenzierung der in den Gebieten entlang des Flusses Suså ehemals siedelnden Populationen vorgestellt. Diese mikroregionale Untersuchung kann anhand der aus jener Region bekannten spätrömischen Grabinventare, wie z. B. auch das Grabinventar von Aasø, durchgeführt werden.
Estimating stochastic volatility models using realized measures
Authors: Bekierman Jeremias , Gribisch Bastian
Published: May 2016

This paper extends the basic stochastic volatility (SV) model in order to incorporate the realized variance (RV) as an additional measure for the latent daily volatility. The particular model we use explicitly accounts for the dependency between daily returns and measurement errors of the realized volatility estimate. Within a simulation study we investigate the form of the dependency. In order to capture the long memory property of asset volatility, we explore different autoregressive dynamics for the latent volatility process, including heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) dynamics and a two-component approach. We estimate the model using simulated maximum likelihood based on efficient importance sampling (EIS), producing numerically accurate parameter estimates and filtered state sequences. The model is applied to daily asset returns and realized variances of New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) traded stocks. Estimation results indicate that accounting for the dependency of returns and realized measures significantly affects the estimation results and improves the model fit for all autoregressive dynamics.
Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) Phenol Compounds Degradation by Means of a Visible Light Activated Titanium Dioxide-Based Photocatalyst
Authors: Cuomo Francesca , Venditti Francesco , Cinelli Giuseppe , Ceglie Andrea , Lopez Francesco
Published: May 2016

The use of titanium dioxide as heterogeneous photocatalyst is drawing considerable attention for water and air
purification and remediation. Recently, TiO2 particles have been modified in order to make this material
attractive for industrial and environmental remediation usage. In the present study, phenolic compounds of olive mill
wastewater (OMW) were degraded in the presence of glucose-doped titanium particles (CDT) through a photocatalysis process
activated by visible light. The photocatalyst effectiveness towards the polluted wastewater from olive oil industry was
tested on systems having different initial concentrations of phenols and in the presence of different amounts of CDT. For
kinetic analysis the role of Ti/TPh ratio (amount of catalyst/amount of total phenols) was
investigated. The rate constant (k
2) and the amounts of species adsorbed on adsorbent at equilibrium (q

e
) of
each reaction were calculated by fitting kinetics data to a second-order kinetic adsorption model. The results collected
at different Ti/TPh ratios showed that the amount of phenols that can be removed from the water solution
linearly increases with the Ti/TPh ratio till a maximum value (optimal ratio) at which no further
degradation of phenolic compounds was obtainable. Such kind of parameter allows to identify the optimal value of catalyst
and the initial substrate concentration for a high level of degradation. The results showed in this study can have an
important impact for an applicative point of view.
Analisis Sifat Fisika dan Kimia Lignin Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit asal Desa Sape, Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Suhartati Siti , Puspito Rachmat , Rizali Fikri , Anggraini Dian
Published: May 2016

Analysis of the physical and chemical properties of palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) lignin from Sape village in Sanggau, West Borneo has been done. This research was aimed to find extract and isolate the EFB lignin, to determine density, and viscosity of black liquor containing EFB lignin and to find the purity, moisture content and ash content of isolated EFB lignin. Black liquor was extracted by using reflux process and the lignin was isolated by using organosolv process. The result showed that the density and viscosity of the black liquor was 0.9658 g/mL and 1.4565 Ns/m2, respectively. The isolated lignin isolated has purity about 64.64% with moisture content about 3.07% and the ash content about 30.34%. The data from this analysis became the basis of utilization of lignin TKKS in some lignin-based industries. Key words: Analysis of physical and chemical properties, lignin, EFB DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v2i1.3102
Revisión del agave y el mezcal
Authors: Chavez-Parga María Del Carmen , Pérez Hernández Elia , González Hernández Juan Carlos
Published: May 2016

En el presente trabajo, se efectuó una compilación de investigaciones realizadas sobre las diferentes etapas del proceso productivo del mezcal a partir de agave en algunas regiones productoras de México; con el propósito de explicar las problemáticas que enfrenta la cadena productiva agave-mezcal y las estrategias científicas que se han desarrollado para solucionarlas. Con ello se pretende lograr su resistencia y persistencia productiva en el mercado, elaborando un producto que cumpla con las características químicas establecidas por las normas oficiales mexicanas de producción y certificación de calidad, además de ofrecer posibles medidas de control en los procesos para estandarizar el producto y finalmente lograr etapas más eficientes en el proceso de producción.
Efecto de carbón tipo lignito sobre el crecimiento y producción de pigmentos de Arthrospira platensis
Authors: Rivera Gonzalez Massiel Vanesa , Gómez Gómez Liliana , Cubillos Hinojosa Juan Guillermo , Peralta Castilla Arnaldo
Published: May 2016

La producción de biomasa y pigmentos a partir de Arthrospira platensis ha cobrado gran importancia, debido a que estos tienen aplicaciones en producción de alimentos, metabolitos de interés biotecnológico e industrial. No obstante, para la producción de biomasa y pigmentos se han utilizadodiversos sustratos que generan altos costos. Se estudió el crecimiento y producción de pigmentos de A. platensis bajo la influencia de seis concentraciones de carbón de bajo rango (CBR) tipo lignito (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 mg/L) frente a una concentración de AIA (80 mg/L), se realizaron cultivos en batch en medio Zarrouk suplementados con CBR tipo lignito y AIA, bajo condiciones de aireación constante y fotoperiodos de 12:12 horas, durante 33 días. Los valores promedios más altos que se obtuvieron en cuanto a producción de biomasa y pigmentos se lograron en los cultivos suplementados con 50 y 60 mg/L de CBR tipo lignito con respecto a los controles. Los resultados  obtenidos dan constancia al uso potencial del CBR como materia orgánica humificada, rica en nutrientes para el cultivo A. platensis que podrían ser aprovechado en medios acuíferos que son expuestos a la explotación carbonífera, contribuyendo a procesos de depuración y biorremediación de aguas contaminadas con materiales carboníferos.
Interacciones de las proteínas disulfuro isomerasa y de choque térmico Hsc70 con proteínas estructurales recombinantes purificadas de rotavirus
Authors: Moreno Luz Y. , Guerrero Carlos A. , Acosta Orlando
Published: May 2016

Introducción. La entrada de rotavirus a las células parece estar mediado por interacciones secuenciales entre las proteínas estructurales virales y algunas moléculas de la superficie celular. Sin embargo, los mecanismos por los cuales el rotavirus infecta la célula diana aún no se comprenden bien. Existe alguna evidencia que muestra que las proteínas estructurales de rotavirus VP5* y VP8* interactúan con algunas moléculas de la superficie celular. La disponibilidad de las proteínas estructurales de rotavirus recombinantes en cantidad suficiente se ha convertido en un aspecto importante para la identificación de las interacciones específicas de los receptores virus-célula durante los eventos tempranos del proceso infeccioso. Objetivo. El propósito del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis de las interacciones entre las proteínas estructurales de rotavirus recombinante VP5*, VP8* y VP6, y las proteínas celulares Hsc70 y PDI utilizando sus versiones recombinantes purificadas. Materiales y métodos. Las proteínas recombinantes de rotavirus VP5* y VP8* y las proteínas recombinantes celulares Hsc70 y PDI se expresaron en E. BL21 (DE3), mientras que VP6 se expresó en células MA104 con virus vaccinia recombinante transfectada. La interacción entre el rotavirus y las proteínas celulares se estudió mediante ELISA, co-inmunoprecipitación y SDS-PAGE/ Western. Resultados. Las condiciones óptimas para la expresión de proteínas recombinantes se determinaron y se generaron anticuerpos contra ellas. Los resultados sugirieron que las proteínas virales rVP5* y rVP6 interactúan con Hsc70 y PDI in vitro. También se encontró que éstas proteínas virales recombinantes interactúan con Hsc70 en las balsas lipídicas (“Rafts”) en un cultivo celular. El tratamiento de las células, ya sea con DLP o rVP6 produjo significativamente la inhibición de la infección por rotavirus. Conclusión. Los resultados permiten concluir que rVP5 * y rVP6 interactúan con Hsc70 y PDI durante el proceso de la infección por rotavirus.
Caracterización molecular de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides aislado de plantas de ñame de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana utilizando la técnica “DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF)”
Authors: Giraldo Marroquín Natalia , Bustamante Rodríguez Silvia Lizette , Pinzón Gutiérrez Yeimy Alexandra , Buitrago Hurtado Gustavo
Published: May 2016

La antracnosis en ñame, causada por el hongo Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, es una enfermedad relevante que posee el potencial de destruir el 100% de la cosecha, convirtiéndose en la principal limitante fitosanitaria para el rendimiento del cultivo en el país. Esta es una situación preocupante considerando que aproximadamente 35.000 familias de pequeños y medianos agricultores de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana subsisten de este cultivo; es por esto que el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar molecularmente 42 aislamientos del hongo procedentes de plantas de ñame con síntomas de la enfermedad, utilizando la técnica molecular “DNA Amplification Fingerprinting (DAF)”, caracterizada por su resolución en la determinación de la variabilidad genética de diferentes organismos. Para la determinación de polimorfismos, se amplificaron 16 marcadores DAF implementando iniciadores tipo decámero, los cuales fueron visualizados por electroforesis en microchip con el equipo MCE-202 MultiNA. Se evaluó la reproducibilidad de la técnica DAF. La amplificación arrojó 391 bandas inequívocamente polimórficas en todas las muestras, el coeficiente de Dice identificó cinco grupos con 0.30% de similaridad y el índice de diversidad genética fue de 0.28; datos que reflejan un alto grado de variabilidad en la colección estudiada de C. gloeosporioides. Ésta puede deberse, al intercambio de germoplasma, a su condición heterotálica, a las mutaciones y al alto potencial de dispersión de las conidias que le permiten mantener la viabilidad bajo condiciones adversas. Por último, se encontró que DAF es una técnica reproducible, confirmando que es una metodología fiable para la caracterización molecular de hongos.
Surface Analytical Investigation on Organometal Triiodide Perovskite
Authors: Li Youzhen , Xu Xuemei , Wang Chenggong , Wang Congong , Xie Fangyan , Huang Jinsong , Gao Yongli
Published: May 2016

Lead halide perovskites have proven their great power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the last few years and attracted more and more attentions. Evaporation is an important method to get high quality perovskite films, especially for surface and interface investigation, which is important for the solar cell performance. In this paper, we present our investigations on growing PbI2 and CH3NH3I films by evaporation, and then CH3NH3PbI3 films by co-evaporation. X-ray photoemisson spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the films. The results showed that CH3NH3I film was not stable in vacuum. Both N and I decreased in vacuum with time elapsing. PbI2 and CH3NH3PbI3 films are quite stable. The atomic ratio of CH3NH3PbI3 films (C: N: Pb: I =1.29:1.07:1.00:2.94) is very close to the ideal CH3NH3PbI3, which indicates that evaporation is a good method to get high quality perovskite films with accurate atomic ratio.
Early Craniofacial Defects in Zebrafish that Have Reduced Function of a Wnt-Interacting Extracellular Matrix Protein, Tinagl1
Authors: Neiswender Hannah , Navarre Sammy , Kozlowski David J. , Lemosy Ellen K.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Tinagl1 has a weak genetic association with craniosynostosis, but its functions in cartilage and bone development are unknown. Knockdown of Tinagl1 in zebrafish embryos allowed an initial characterization of its potential effects on craniofacial cartilage development and a test of whether these effects could involve Wnt signaling.

Results

Tinagl1 knockdown resulted in dose-dependent reductions and defects in ventral pharyngeal arch cartilages as well as the ethmoid plate, a zebrafish correlate to the palate. These defects could be correlated to reduced numbers of cranial neural crest cells in the pharyngeal arches and could be reproduced with comanipulation of Tinagl1 and Wnt3a by morpholino-based knockdown.

Conclusions

These results suggest that Tinagl1 is required early in the proliferation or migration of cranial neural crest cells and that its effects are mediated via Wnt3a signaling. Because Wnt3a is among the Wnts that contribute to nonsyndromic cleft lip and cleft palate in mouse and man, further investigation of Tinagl1 may help to elucidate mechanisms underlying these disorders.
Protection of the African Lion: A Critical Analysis of the Current International Legal Regime
Authors: Watts Samantha
Published: May 2016

This article looks at the current international regime that pertains to the African lion, a species that needs adequate protection across its range (a range that does not adhere to state boundaries). This analysis comes at a time when threats such as habitat and prey loss, retaliatory killing, trophy hunting and trade, are all impacting the remaining populations of African lions. The species is in danger of rapid population decline and possible extinction in the near future. Two decades ago there was an abundance of African lions, roughly 100 000, on the continent. But at present there are less than 32 000, while some believe there to be as little as 15 000 left. This decline is mainly due to the threats noted above. African lions are currently listed as "vulnerable" on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species. This listing is being contested by commentators who believe that the species now requires an "endangered" status. African lion populations, and the threats to the species, extend across state boundaries. Therefore, international law is of particular importance in providing conservation and protection measures to the species. Creating conservation obligations at a global level allows for more uniform action, implementation and enforcement of legislation at regional and local levels. Therefore this article looks at each threat to African lion populations in detail and then assesses the international legal regime pertaining to each of these threats, and whether that regime is adequate. The Convention on Biological Diversity, Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora and the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance are but some of the international instruments that are analysed. This article outlines the arguments that the international legal framework is not acceptable for the protection of the species, and addresses both the positive and negative aspects of this regime. It is found that the international legal regime for the African lion is in fact not effective in achieving the protection and survival of the species. Some changes are recommended, and the best way forward through an international legal lens is outlined. The security and viability of the African lion is uncertain, and legal protection of the species needs to be clear to start ensuring their survival in the future. With the increase in threats to the species and African lions already regionally endangered in some parts of Africa, it is obvious that some legal changes need to be made to ensure greater protection of the African lion at an international level.
Superdeep Tests and Experiments at 9.1 km and 4 km
Authors: Harms Ulrich , Kück Jochem
Published: May 2016

The Continental Deep Drilling Program of Germany (in German: Kontinentales Tiefbohrprogramm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, abbreviated as KTB) was a scientific drilling project near the town of Windischeschenbach, Bavaria. The KTB Depth Laboratory comprises two 9.1 km and 4 km deep, water-filled boreholes in crystalline basement rocks just 200 meters apart from each other. Available equipment such as cables, winches, geophysical borehole tools as well as workshops and office infrastructure allows for in-situ tests and experiments at different pressure and temperature conditions. The two stable wells are large-diameter steel-cased and have been geophysically monitored in detail since 1996.
Desdobramento da Função Qualidade-QFD Aplicado ao Planejamento de Processos em uma Empresa Metal-Mecânica: Estudo de Caso
Authors: Carreira Marcio Luis , De Oliveira Rodrigo Setra
Published: May 2016

O principal atributo que deve ser perseguido por empresas de todos os setores é a competitividade. O Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD) trabalha as informações necessárias para o desenvolvimento do produto e do processo, as quais são dispostas numa série de matrizes interdependentes e inter-relacionadas. Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação do método QFD no desenvolvimento dos processos industriais de uma empresa metal-mecânica de médio porte, avaliando o potencial de uso dessa ferramenta. No estudo de caso realizado, ficou evidente a importância de sua aplicação, pois contribui para o fornecimento de um produto segundo as características do cliente, para o engajamento das pessoas na execução de trabalhos em grupo, para o compartilhamento das informações e o planejamento de metas para melhoria da qualidade dos setores envolvidos da empresa.
Um Estudo Sobre a Atual Comunicação Interna da Empresa Construmak Máquinas e Equipamentos Ltda
Authors: Calazans Alcemir Pinho
Published: May 2016

O processo de comunicação é essencial para o ser humano, como forma de compreensão e relacionamento, com importância também para as organizações. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o processo de comunicação na empresa Construmak Máquinas e Equipamentos Ltda., situada no município de Dourados – MS. Para atingir este objetivo, foi realizada uma pesquisa com os colaboradores da empresa em relação a sua percepção sobre o processo de comunicação interna. Os resultados apontaram que o principal canal de comunicação interno utilizado pela empresa é o telefone. Contudo, as informações são emitidas com baixa frequência. No entanto, apesar da baixa frequência no repasse das informações, este é realizado de forma clara e com bom entendimento pelos colaboradores. Os principais problemas encontrados
estão relacionados às metas e objetivos da empresa, uma vez que a maioria dos colaboradores não soube responder. Desta forma, conclui-se que a empresa necessita de melhorias no processo de comunicação, principalmente, relacionados com a frequência na emissão das informações e divulgação de metas e objetivos setoriais e empresariais.
Perfil epidemiológico de las afecciones del pie en una consulta de podología
Authors: Pérez García Sergio , Tovaruela Carrión Natalia , Rosende Bautista Carolina , Pita Galdo Francisco , Pedreira Márquez Rocío , Alonso Tajes Francisco
Published: May 2016

Objetivos: Conocer el perfil epidemiológico de los pacientes de una clínica de podología, y a su vez valorar correlaciones y variables asociadas a la aparición de patologías para establecer resultados que permitan discutir la literatura científica y establecer una población diana para mejorar tanto la prevención como el tratamiento de los problemas más frecuentes del pie.Metodología: Análisis cuantitativo de las historias clínicas de los Pacientes de una Clínica Podológica de la provincia de A Coruña. Estudio no experimental descriptivo con análisis retrospectivo de una muestra representativa de la población con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (p≤0.05) y una precisión de ±6%.Resultados: 236 historias clínicas han sido seleccionadas aleatoriamente. El tipo de paciente más presente son las mujeres de mediana edad y el principal motivo de consulta ha sido padecer dolor en los pies (81.36%). Se ha obtenido una alta prevalencia de afectaciones queratopáticas en el pie (74.6%), así como de onicopatías (55.1%).Conclusiones: El sexo femenino y la edad avanzada son las variables que han demostrado una potente asociación estadística con la aparición de afecciones podológicas. La población diana en la que centrar una acción preventiva en cuanto a las afecciones del pie, sería la población escolar. Llevando a cabo una concienciación del uso de un calzado adecuado para el pie del usuario, la actividad a realizar y a la superficie donde esta se realiza; especialmente en la población adolescente femenina, que es la que comienza a desarrollar el uso de calzado inadecuadoPalabras clave: Epidemiología, pie, podología, perfil epidemiológico, afecciones podológicas.
Immersion Pulmonary Edema in the setting of Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Reed Tara Mireille
Published: May 2016

Immersion Pulmonary Edema (IPE) is a unique medical condition being increasingly described in the medical literature as sudden-onset pulmonary edema in the setting of scuba diving and/or swimming. We report on three patients with unique presentations of IPE with associated development of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC). All three cases occurred in Oahu, Hawaii and were seen by the same cardiologist within a span of seven years. Each patient was scuba diving with sudden onset dyspnea with pulmonary edema on chest x-ray. Cardiac catheterization revealed no significant epicardial stenosis or thrombosis. EKGs showed typical evolution of symmetric T wave inversion. Wall motion abnormalities resolved.  IPE and TTC may occur together and may be more common than initially thought. Physical and emotional stressors are known to trigger TTC. TTC should be considered as a possible complication of IPE. Initial workup should include EKGs, cardiac enzymes, echocardiogram and, in the appropriate situation, cardiac catheterization. 
'GET QT': Clinical Criteria to Differentiate Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy from STEMI
Authors: Vaidya Gaurang , Jaiswal Abhishek Jaiswal , Madhira Bhaskara
Published: May 2016

Introduction: Presentation of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) may closely mimic ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and clinicians are often faced with a dilemma when cardiac catheterization is unavailable or contraindicated.

Methods: Age-matched 42 TCM and 55 STEMI patients admitted in SUNY Upstate Hospital, Syracuse, NY were retrospectively compared for characteristics at presentation.

Results: 12 TCM patients (26%) had ST elevations in the initial EKG. Mean QTc interval was significantly prolonged in TCM (469ms vs 443ms,p=0.001). The peak Troponin T (TnTp) level in TCM was significantly less(1.15ng/ml vs 6.04ng/ml;p=0.001) and the time to peak troponin T (Tp) was lower(3.7 hours versus 12.4 hours,p=0.001). Mean LV ejection fraction(EF) was 36% in TCM versus 47.4% in STEMI (p=0.001).

Significance (p<0.05) was noted for 5 predictors on multiple regression namely: Gender, EF, TnTp, QTc interval and Tp. A prediction model was then developed, giving a score of one for each positive finding: female gender, EF< 40%, TnTp< 2ng/ml, QTc> 470ms in the initial EKG and Tp< 6 hours (GET QT criteria). The presence of 3 or more predictors had a sensitivity of 88.8%, specificity of 95.1% and negative predictive value of 90.9% to diagnose TCM. Though there have been recent publications proposing various criteria to distinguish the two diseases, this is the first proposing highly specific and all-inclusive combined laboratory, EKG and echocardiography criteria.

Conclusion: Females with early and low peaking troponins; prolonged QTc; low EF were likely to have TCM. With the proposed prediction model- presence of 3 or more factors is highly specific to diagnose TCM.

 

 
Büchner, Woyzeck, Zé: por que usar o verso em cena?
Authors: Marques Fernando
Published: May 2016

Resumo Na primeira parte deste artigo, mencionamos as obras do escritor alemão Georg Büchner (1813-1837), considerando especialmente o drama Woyzeck. Ressaltamos a novidade temática e estética dessa peça, pioneira em apresentar um homem despossuído no papel principal, obra com a qual Büchner se converteria em precursor de naturalistas e expressionistas. Nas seces finais, abordamos as razões para compor a peça Zé, adaptação em verso e canções de Woyzeck. O verso pode conferir ao texto certas qualidades musicais, as quais ampliam o campo de significações da peça teatral. Exemplos tomados a Zé são utilizados para expor tais hipóteses.   Abstract In the first part of this article we mention the works of the German writer Georg Bu?chner (1813- 1837), especially considering the drama Woyzeck. We emphasize the aesthetic and thematic novelty of this play, a pioneer in presenting a disposses- sed man in the lead role, work with which Bu?chner would become the precursor of naturalists and expressionists. In the final sections, we discuss the reasons for composing the play Ze?, adaptation in song and verse of Woyzeck. The verse can give the text some musical qualities, which amplify the meanings of the play. Examples taken from Ze? are used to expose such hypotheses.
Reflexões sobre a Formação do Educador Musica de Agora
Authors: Tourinho Cristina
Published: May 2016

Resumo Este artigo reflete sobre as possibilidades de atuaçãoo dos licenciados em música e o exercício profissional. Atualmente são demandadas novas formas de atuação, para as quais nenhum currículo pode prever e atender todas as nuances. Então, é preciso refletir acerca do futuro ainda enquanto estudante, exercitando o diálogo, enfrentando desafios e participando ativamente da própria avaliação. Na disciplina “Instrumento Suplementar – Violão” da Escola de Música da UFBA está sendo realizada uma investigação que almeja conscientizar os estudantes acerca da sua trajetória acadêmica e aprendizado instrumental.   Abstract IThis article reflects about the professional practice and performance of undergraduates students and opportunities in music and professional practice. Nowadays new forms of action are demanded, for which any curriculum could anticipate and preview every nuance. So, it is necessary to think about the future as a student, practicing dialogue, facing challenges and actively participating in the self-assessment. In the discipline “Supplementary Instrument - Guitar” of Music Schoolf of Federal University of Bahia is being performed an investigation that aims to educate students about their academic career and instrumental learning.
Notas videográficas: o gesto altermodernista na obra "365 day project" de Jonas Mekas
Authors: Castro Simões Letícia
Published: May 2016

O artigo pretende analisar as imbricações entre artes visuais e linguagem cinematográfica no pensamento acerca de uma estética videográfica. Toma-se como objeto analítico o projeto “365 Day Project”, de Jonas Mekas. Partindo da afirmação do autor Philippe Dubois de que os conceitos da linguagem cinematográfica não são suficientes para problematizar as práticas videográficas, a pesquisa utiliza conceitos comuns à teoria da imagem e à filosofia da arte, especificamente os conceitos de “altermodernismo”, desenvolvido por Nicolas Bourriaud e de “gesto”, desenvolvido por Giorgio Agamben, para discutir o modo como a relação entre as obras videográficas e os dispositivos audiovisuais se torna produtora de subjetividades em um campo híbrido à linguagem do cinema e das artes visuais.
Reflexões sobre a modelagem como estratégia de estudo: relatos de duas investigações com estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação
Authors: Capparelli Gerling Cristina , Freitas Stefanie
Published: May 2016

Neste texto apresentamos os relatos de duas investigações baseadas na modelagem como ferramenta de desenvolvimento musical e pianístico de estudantes em níveis acadêmicos distintos. No primeiro estudo delineamos os resultados de três estudos de caso de estudantes de graduação e no segundo discutimos os resultados com uma amostra de nove participantes vinculados à graduação e à pós-graduação em música da UFRGS. A hipótese proposta de modelagem induzida foi confirmada. Nas duas amostras, a modelagem estimulou a ampliação de recursos expressivos e o desenvolvimento de ideias artísticas individualizadas, além de fornecer estratégias de manipulação de parâmetros temporais no estudo do instrumento.
Ensaio sobre a construção hermenêutica de um tempo narrativo em música
Authors: Angelo Bruno
Published: May 2016

Este é um ensaio especulativo, que aborda algumas questões sobre o tempo como um fator relevante na análise musical, as quais persistem como debate aberto aqui e em outros textos concernentes à teoria da música. Qual a origem do tempo na experiência musical; e qual o nosso papel, como ouvintes, em sua concepção: tais problemáticas servem de impulso para a argumentação aqui proposta, e estabelecem a base para uma abordagem ambivalente da ideia de tempo na música, a qual envolve conceitos da fenomenologia e teoria da metáfora. Como complementação, realizo um breve estudo analítico sobre minha peça para piano intitulada Pandorga. À guisa de conclusão, implicações em relação ao impacto potencial dessa abordagem sobre a análise musical são discutidas.
Motivaciones que impulsan al cambio de trayectoria vital en los emprendedores (Pasto, Colombia, 2012-2013)
Authors: Solarte Solarte Claudia Magali , Solarte Solarte Martha Lida , Arcos Guerrero Carlos
Published: May 2016

Este documento es producto de una investigación, cuyo objetivo general fue analizar las motivaciones que impulsan al cambio de trayectoria vital en los emprendedores de la ciudad de Pasto. Se trabajó con creadores de microempresas y pequeñas empresas, con quienes, bajo el enfoque de investigación cuantitativo, método empírico-analítico y tipo descriptivo, a través de una encuesta, se identificaron dichas motivaciones y se determinó cuáles de ellas tuvieron mayor incidencia. Para un mejor manejo de la información, se clasificaron las motivaciones de emprendimiento según la adaptación realizada por Rodrigo Varela sobre la teoría de Albert Shapero en cuanto a la clasificación de impulsos positivos, neutros y negativos, en la cual se tienen en cuenta componentes socioculturales, educativos e investigativos que constituyen niveles de apreciación para desentrañar motivaciones particulares que hacen posible una acción empresarial, a partir de conocimientos, valores, aptitudes, actitudes y competencias.
La calidad de vida del propietario de la empresa familiar, caso empresas de Ambato, Tungurahua, Ecuador
Authors: Santamaría-Freire Edwin Javier , Pico-Barrionuevo Fanny Paulina
Published: May 2016

La provincia de Tungurahua, cuya capital es Ambato, se ha caracterizado por su alta concentración de empresas, por lo que es necesario determinar los elementos relacionados con la calidad de vida de los empresarios, para identificar su nivel de bienestar con respecto a su actividad económica y estilo de vida. Se identifican como elementos de la calidad de vida: acceso a la educación, acceso a la salud, recursos para gastos de casa, adquisición de bienes, tiempo para la familia, tiempo para ocio, espacios sociales y dependencia empresa-familia. De los aspectos relacionados con la calidad de vida se agrupan los elementos en categorías que generan bienestar: dedicación a la familia, bienestar de la familia, círculo social y dependencia empresa-propietario, que aparece como un aspecto negativo, con respecto al cual se requieren planes de gestión administrativa que mejoren este indicador.
Effect of pectin coating on colour and quality of dehydrated pineapple during storage
Authors: Saini C. S. , Sharma H. K.
Published: May 2016

The effect of storage on the colour and quality parameters of uncoated and pectin coated dehydrated pineapple samples were studied during storage. The dehydrated pineapple samples were packed in aluminium foil pouches and stored at 30 ± 1°C and 75% RH. The colour change was determined using L*, a*, b*, hue, total colour difference and browning index values. The kinetics of changes in colour parameters was determined using zero-order and first-order reaction kinetics. Non-linear regression of experimental data was done to obtain the reaction rate constants. L*, b*, and hue values decreased, while a*, total colour difference and browning index increased during storage in both coated and uncoated samples. Both the models were found to describe the data of colour parameters adequately. The correlation coefficient value of most of the colour parameters was more than 0.95 indicating good agreement between experimental and model predicted values. The browning was more observed in uncoated samples than coated samples, which increased in the later stages of storage. Rehydration ratio decreased, while moisture content increased with storage. The sensory evaluation scores of coated samples remained acceptable for longer period than uncoated samples.
Effect of autoclaving and cooling on resistant starch formation in rice starch
Authors: Lilia-Baby  , Suman K. T. , Krishnan S. , Indira V.
Published: May 2016

A study was undertaken to standardise processing treatments for optimising resistant starch (RS) formation in rice starch. The effect of processing conditions on the RS content of rice starch was studied in 48 treatments by autoclaving at 121°C and 141°C for 20, 40 and 60 minutes without moisture and with 10, 20 and 40 percentage moisture levels. After autoclaving, the samples were cooled at room temperature and at -20°C. The yield of RS was found to be maximum in samples autoclaved at 141°C for 40 minutes with 10 per cent moisture and cooled at -20°C. Increasing the duration of autoclaving up to 60 minutes at a lower temperature of 121°C was also found to be effective in improving the RS content of rice starch. RS formation not only depends on a single factor but also on multiple factors like time and temperature of autoclaving, moisture as well as cooling conditions.
Promising inhibition of krait snake’s venom acetylcholinesterase by Salix nigra and its role as anticancer, antioxidant agent
Authors: Ahmed Wasim , Ahmad Mushtaq , Khan Rahmat A , Mustaq Nadia
Published: May 2016

Snakebites are considered a neglected tropical disease that affects thousands of people worldwide. The available antivenoms are associated with numerous side effects. As an alternative, researchers have extensively studied the plants in order to obtain some unusual treatment. The current study was conceded to evaluate the effects of salix nigra (Black willow) against krait snake venom acetylcholinesterase and its role as anti-cancer, anti-oxidant agent. Standard protocols of Ellman, Meyer, Gyamfi and Ruch were used for enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer and free radicals scavenging assays respectively. The methanolic extract of Salix nigra proved to possess neutralization properties against krait snake (Bungarus Sindanus) venom acetylcholinesterase. Statistical data of the results showed that Salix nigra extract inhibited the krait venom acetylcholinesterase through concentration dependent manner. Kinetic analysis using Lineweaver Burk plot revealed that Salix nigra caused competitive type of inhibition i.e. km value increased while Vmax remain constant with an increase of extract’s concentration. The calculated IC50 value of Salix nigra was found to be 177μg/ml. In DPPH free radical scavenging assay, extract showed good scavenging potential with IC50 value of 317μg/ml. Similarly, using H2O2 free radicals, the % scavenging of the extract at 100, 250, 500 and 1000μg/ml was 41, 54, 69 and 74% in comparison with ascorbic acid. Moreover, the extract exhibited good cytotoxic activity against brine shrimps in a dose dependent manner. The present work suggests, for the first time, that Salix nigra extract can be used not only as a potent inhibitor of snake venom acetylcholinesterase but also for the eradication of free radicals along with significant anticancer activity.