bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Immunomodulatory Factor Soluble B7-H4 in the Progress of Preeclampsia by Inhibiting Essential Functions of Extravillous Trophoblast Cells
Authors: Ma Yuyang , Duan Liyan , Reisch Beatrix , Kimmig Rainer , Iannaccone Antonella , Gellhaus Alexandra
Published: August 2024

A key aspect of preeclampsia pathophysiology is the reduced invasiveness of trophoblasts and the impairment of spiral artery remodelling. Understanding the causes of altered trophoblast function is critical to understand the development of preeclampsia. B7-H4, a checkpoint molecule, controls a wide range of processes, including T-cell activation, cytokine release, and tumour progression. Our previous findings indicated that B7-H4 levels are elevated in both maternal blood and placental villous tissue during the early stages of preeclampsia. Here, we investigated the function of B7-H4 in trophoblast physiology. Recombinant B7-H4 protein was used to treat human SGHPL-5 extravillous trophoblast cells. Biological functions were investigated using MTT, wound healing, and transwell assays. Signalling pathways were analysed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. The functionality of B7-H4 was further confirmed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis in placental tissues from control and preeclamptic patients following therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or standard of care treatment. This study showed that B7-H4 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of SGHPL-5 extravillous cells while promoting apoptosis by downregulating the PI3K/Akt/STAT3 signalling pathway. These results were consistently confirmed in placental tissues from preterm controls compared to early-onset preeclamptic placental tissues from patients treated with standard of care or TPE treatment. B7-H4 may play a role in the development of preeclampsia by inhibiting essential functions of extravillous trophoblast cells during placental development. One possible mechanism by which TPE improves pregnancy outcomes in preeclampsia is through the elimination of B7-H4 amongst other factors.
Parametric Optimization of Multi-Stage Flashing Desalination System Using Genetic Algorithm for Efficient Energy Utilization
Authors: Al bkoor Alrawashdeh Khalideh , Al-Samrraie La’aly , Al Bsoul Abeer , Khasawneh Ayat , Ammary Bashaar , Gul Eid
Published: August 2024

The technique of multi-stage desalination with brine recirculation (MSF-BR) is characterized by its high energy demand, necessitating the exploration of efficient operational methods to minimize energy consumption and enhance plant performance. In this research study, Matlab R2021a software was used to apply a genetic algorithm with the aim of determining the optimal values of the operating variables of the MSF-BR system within certain limits, considering energy consumption and feed seawater temperature variation. The study included improving several operational factors, including top brine temperature, steam temperature, feed seawater temperature, cooling water flow rate and make up flow rate, number of station stages, and the stages of the heat rejection section. The optimal maintenance period during the operational year was also determined. The results of the analysis were based on data from the Al-Khafji desalination plant, which consists of 16 stages and has a production capacity of 7,053,393.8 gallons/day. The study aimed to achieve two main objectives: increasing the gain output ratio (GOR) and reducing the proportion of the recovery ratio. The results showed that the optimal period for maintenance is January, where the performance ratio ranges between 0.987 and 9.38, compared to the currently used month of December, where the performance ratio ranges between 1.096 and 9.56. Optimal target values were set at the following operating parameters: 33.3 °C for feed seawater temperature, 98.67 °C for steam temperature, 95.62 °C for brine temperature, 1571.18 kg/s for cooling water flow rate, 1624.24 kg/s for feed water flow rate, 21 stages for the station, and two stages for the heat rejection section. To achieve the highest GOR, the number of stages and heat rejection section should be more than 19 and 2, respectively. In general, to achieve improvements in GOR and reduce energy consumption, it is recommended to maintain Tf in the range of 33–34 °C and set Mcw between 1050 and 1800 kg/s.
Portable and Visual Detection of Cytochrome c with Graphene Quantum Dots–Filter Paper Composite
Authors: Li Liangtong , Jiang Yongjian , Wang Ni , Feng Yusheng , Chen Binbin , Wang Jian
Published: August 2024

As a significant biomarker during the apoptosis process, cytochrome c (Cyt c) is considered as a critical component in the inherent apoptotic pathway, but the simple and portable detection still remains challengeable. In this work, a portable and visual sensing platform for Cyt c was developed based upon the fluorescence quenching of graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which could be finished within a few seconds. Herein, the absorption spectrum of Cyt c matched the emission spectrum of GQDs well, which could cause the fluorescence quenching of GQDs via the inner filter effect (IFE) in the range of 1–50 μg/mL with the limit of detection as low as 0.1 μg/mL. Furthermore, the intracellular Cyt c was imaged to observe the apoptosis process of cancer cells induced by staurosporine. To achieve the portable and visual detection of Cyt c, GQDs were deposited on the filter paper to form the solid platform, which displayed a gradual fluorescence quenching when different concentrations of Cyt c were present. Compared to the conventional methods, the proposed assay is low-cost, fast, portable, and visual, which will be useful for the investigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic cell death.
Antiarthritic and Antinociceptive Properties of Ylang-Ylang (Cananga odorata) Essential Oil in Experimental Models
Authors: Lossavaro Paloma Kênia de Moraes Berenguel , Felipe Josyelen Lousada , Lencina Joyce dos Santos , Bonfá Iluska Senna , de Souza Kamylla Fernanda Souza , Machado Lucas Luiz , Fernandes Mila Marluce Lima , Ferreira João Victor , Souza Maria Inês Lenz , Candeloro Luciane , Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite , Paredes-Gamero Edgar Julian , Parisotto Eduardo Benedetti , Toffoli-Kadri Mônica Cristina , Silva-Filho Saulo Euclides
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) essential oil (YEO) on models of experimental arthritis, persistent inflammation, and nociception in mice. YEO treatment at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg reduced the infiltration of leukocytes into the joint cavities of mice submitted to zymosan-induced arthritis 6 h and 7 days after arthritis induction. At these doses, YEO treatment reduced the formation of joint edema 4 and 6 h after arthritis induction, and at a dose of 200 mg/kg, YEO treatment reduced mechanical hyperalgesia 3 and 4 h after arthritis induction. At the dose of 200 mg/kg, YEO treatment reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and cartilage destruction in the zymosan-induced arthritis model, and reduced edema formation and mechanical hyperalgesia in the model of persistent inflammation (21 days) induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in mice. YEO treatment at a dose of 200 mg/kg reduced the nociceptive response in experimental models of nociception induced by acetic acid and formalin. The YEO treatment reduced inflammatory parameters in the experimental arthritis model, and presented antiarthritic, anti-hyperalgesic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory properties.
Decoupling Economic Growth from Carbon Emissions: A Transition toward Low-Carbon Energy Systems—A Critical Review
Authors: Gbadeyan Oluwatoyin J. , Muthivhi Joseph , Linganiso Linda Z. , Deenadayalu Nirmala
Published: August 2024

Climate change has become a global nightmare, and the awareness of the causes of carbon emissions has resulted in rigorous studies. These studies linked the increase in global warming with booming economic growth. Since global warming has become more apparent, researchers have explored ways to decouple economic activities from carbon growth. Economic and carbon growth must be decoupled to achieve a low-carbon economy to support the carbon-growth plan or emission-reduction strategy. The world is transitioning toward a carbon-neutral and green ecosystem, so finding ways to decouple carbon emissions from economic activities is an exciting topic to explore. This study reviews current information on the importance of decoupling energy from economic growth innovative techniques that thoroughly examine the challenges and constraints of low-carbon energy systems. In order to examine the detrimental effects of carbon emissions on ecosystems and the ways in which economic expansion contributes to carbon footprints, more than three hundred research papers were gathered using several search engines, including Elsevier and Google Scholar. This review revealed that decarbonization and dematerialization had been achieved without declining global economic growth. It also provides information on energy use and economic activities leading to global carbon emissions and alternative solutions to the global challenge of climate change. The decoupling methods commonly used to determine the impact of energy decarbonization on economic growth are explored. All the results suggest that economic growth is a primary mover of global carbon emission increase and must be separated to achieve a carbon environment.
Forest Loss Drivers and Landscape Pressures in a Northern Moroccan Protected Areas’ Network: Introducing a Novel Approach for Conservation Effectiveness Assessment
Authors: Boubekraoui Hamid , Attar Zineb , Maouni Yazid , Ghallab Abdelilah , Saidi Rabah , Maouni Abdelfettah
Published: August 2024

This study assesses the conservation effectiveness of 21 protected areas (PAs) in Northern Morocco, comprising 3 parks and 18 Sites of Ecological and Biological Interest (SBEIs), against five major landscape pressures (LSPs): deforestation, infrastructure extension, agricultural expansion, fires, and population growth. We propose a novel quantitative methodology using global remote sensing data and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA). Data were sourced from Global Forest Change (GFC), Global Land Analysis and Discovery (GLAD), Burned Area Product (MODIS Fire_CCI51), and World Population datasets. The combined impact of the five LSPs was measured using a cumulative effect index (CEI), calculated with the Shannon–Wiener formula at a 1 km2 scale. The CEI was analyzed alongside the distance to the PAs’ network using Moran’s index, identifying four spatial association types: high–high (HH), high–low (HL), low–low (LL), low–high (LH), and non-significant (NS) cells. This analysis defined four zones: inner zone (IZ), potential spillover effect zone (PSEZ), statistically non-significant zone (SNSZ), and non-potential effect zone (NPEZ). Conservation effectiveness was quantified using the conservation ratio (CR), which compared the prevalence of LL versus HL units within IZs and PSEZs. Four disturbance levels (very high, high, medium, and low) were assigned to CR values (0–25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–100%), resulting in sixteen potential conservation effectiveness typologies. Initial findings indicated similar deforestation patterns between protected and unprotected zones, with wildfires causing over half of forest losses within PAs. Conservation effectiveness results categorized the 21 PAs into nine typologies, from high conservation to very high disturbance levels. A significant positive correlation (71%) between CRs in both zones underscored the uniform impact of LSPs, regardless of protection status. However, protected natural area zones in the parks category showed minimal disruption, attributed to their advanced protection status. Finally, we developed a methodological framework for potential application in other regions based on this case study.
Negative and Positive Predictors of Anastomotic Leakage in Colorectal Cancer Patients—The Case of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio
Authors: Ioannidis Aristeidis , Tzikos Georgios , Smprini Aikaterini , Menni Alexandra-Eleftheria , Shrewsbury Anne , Stavrou George , Paramythiotis Daniel , Michalopoulos Antonios , Kotzampassi Katerina
Published: August 2024

Colorectal surgery for cancer is associated with a high rate of surgical complications, including anastomotic leakage. The ability to predict the risk of leakage early enough seems to be of high value, since it would facilitate the design of personalized treatment and duration of hospitalization. Although different studies present the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio [NLR] as having a strong predictive value, there is a discrepancy with respect to which postoperative day is the most reliable. We evaluated a series of NLR values, from the day before surgery up to the POD7, in a cohort of 245 colorectal surgery patients in order to clarify the best predictable score for the identification of the risk of anastomotic leakage. There were 28 patients with leaks. ROC curve analysis of NLR on POD1 indicates that a cut-off point ≥ 7.4 exerts a negative prediction for leakage (AUC 0.881, sensitivity 68.7%, specificity 96.4%, PPV 28.4%, and NPV of 99.3%), thus excluding 150 patients from the risk of leakage. Furthermore, the ROC curve analysis of NLR on POD4 indicates that a cut-off point ≥ 6.5 gives a positive prediction of leakage (AUC 0.698, sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 51.6%, PPV 17.6%, and NPV of 95.6%), thus indicating 52 patients as being at high risk of leakage. Finally, NLR failed to identify five leaks out of twenty-eight. These results strongly indicate the ability of NLR on POD1 to predict patients at low risk of developing a leak and then on POD4 to predict the high-risk patients. This makes our study particularly innovative, in that it enables doctors to concentrate on potential high-risk patients from POD1.
High-Risk HPV Screening Initiative in Kosovo—A Way to Optimize HPV Vaccination for Cervical Cancer
Authors: Bentz Jessica L. , Barney Rachael E. , Georgantzoglou Natalia , Manxhuka-Kerliu Suzana , Ibishi Vlora Ademi , Dacaj-Elshani Brikene , Bejarano Suyapa , Palumbo Paul E. , Suresh Arvind , LaRochelle Ethan P. M. , Keegan William P. , Wilson Teresa L. , Dokus Betty J. , Hershberger Kenneth C. , Gallagher Torrey L. , Allen Samantha F. , Palisoul Scott M. , Steinmetz Heather B. , Kennedy Linda S. , Tsongalis Gregory J.
Published: August 2024

Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection. There are 14 recognized hrHPV genotypes (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68), and hrHPV genotypes 16 and 18 comprise approximately 66% of all cases worldwide. An additional 15% of cervical cancers are caused by hrHPV genotypes 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Screening patients for hrHPV as a mechanism for implementation of early treatment is a proven strategy for decreasing the incidence of HPV-related neoplasia, cervical cancer in particular. Here, we present population data from an HPV screening initiative in Kosovo designed to better understand the prevalence of the country’s HPV burden and local incidence of cervical cancer by hrHPV genotype. Nearly 2000 women were screened for hrHPV using a real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) assay followed by melt curve analysis to establish the prevalence of hrHPV in Kosovo. Additionally, DNA was extracted from 200 formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded cervical tumors and tested for hrHPV using the same method. Cervical screening samples revealed a high prevalence of hrHPV genotypes 16 and 51, while cervical cancer specimens predominantly harbored genotypes 16, 18, and 45. This is the first comprehensive screening study for evaluating the prevalence of hrHPV genotypes in Kosovo on screening cervical brush samples and cervical neoplasms. Given the geographic distribution of hrHPV genotypes and the WHO’s global initiative to eliminate cervical cancer, this study can support and direct vaccination efforts to cover highly prevalent hrHPV genotypes in Kosovo’s at-risk population.
Efficacy of the CALM® Algorithm in Reducing Motion-Induced Artifacts in CBCT Imaging: A Fractal Dimension Analysis of Trabecular Bone
Authors: Khubrani Yahia H. , Geha Hassem , Katkar Rujuta A. , Maghsoodi-Zahedi Taraneh , Moore William , Abdelkarim Ahmed Z.
Published: August 2024

Objective: The primary goal of this investigation was to ascertain the efficacy of the CALM® motion artifact reduction algorithm in diminishing motion-induced blurriness in Cone Beam Computed Tomography [CBCT] images. The assessment was conducted through Fractal Dimension [FD] analysis of the trabecular bone. Methods and Materials: A desiccated human mandible was subjected to Planmeca ProMax 3D® scanning under eight distinct protocols, marked by variations in motion presence [at 5, 10, and 15 degrees] and the deployment of CALM®. In every scan, five distinct regions of interest [ROIs] were designated for FD analysis, meticulously avoiding tooth roots or cortical bone. The FD was computed employing the box-counting method with Image-J 1.53 software. Results: Our findings reveal that a 5-degree motion does not significantly disrupt FD analysis, while a 10-degree motion and beyond exhibit statistical differences and volatility among the sites and groups. A decreased FD value, signifying a less intricate or “rough” bone structure, correlated with amplified motion blurriness. The utilization of CALM® software seemed to counteract this effect in some instances, reconciling FD values to those akin to the control groups. Nonetheless, CALM®’s efficacy differed across sites and motion degrees. Interestingly, at one site, CALM® application in the absence of motion resulted in FD values considerably higher than all other groups. Conclusion: The study indicates that motion, particularly at 10 degrees or more, can considerably impact the FD analysis of trabecular bone in CBCT images. In some situations, the CALM® motion artifact reduction algorithm can alleviate this impact, though its effectiveness fluctuates depending on the site and degree of motion. This underscores the necessity of factoring in motion and the employment of artifact reduction algorithms during the interpretation of FD analysis outcomes in CBCT imaging. More research is necessary to refine the application of such algorithms and to comprehend their influence on different sites under varying motion degrees.
Peer Rejection and Academic Performance in Early Childhood: The Mediating Role of Special Educational Needs of Spanish Students
Authors: Martín-Antón Luis J. , Molinero-González Paula , Carbonero-Martín Miguel Á. , Arteaga-Cedeño Wendy L. , Rodríguez-Sáez José Luis
Published: August 2024

Peer rejection occurs at all stages of education, including infant education, and entails serious consequences, both immediately and in the future, in all areas of children’s development. This study aims to gain insight into the link between peer rejection and academic performance, mediated by the presence of special educational needs (SEN). The study involved the participation of 758 students (397 male) in the second cycle of early childhood education (3–6 years old) in Spain who were given a sociometric test to ascertain the sociometric distribution of each classroom. Their teachers were asked to record the academic performance of each student in terms of language, logic-mathematics, psychomotor ability, and overall performance. Teachers were also asked to identify whether or not students had SEN. By applying a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) that considered the presence or otherwise of peer rejection and the presence or otherwise of SEN as independent variables, results show that rejected students display poorer academic performance in all areas. The same was also found to be true for those with SEN. As a result, rejected students with SEN are seen to exhibit the poorest academic performance and suffer two-fold stigmatisation.
STEM Cooperating Teachers’ Professional Growth: The Positive Impacts of a Year-Long Clinical Residency Collaboration
Authors: Baker Kimberly M. , Stickney Katherine W. , Sachs Deborah D.
Published: August 2024

Teacher residency programs integrate coursework with clinical practice in a year-long residency in which pre-service teachers work under the guidance of a cooperating teacher who has demonstrated excellence in teaching and mentoring. The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons for serving as a cooperating teacher and investigate how clinical residency pre-service teachers promote growth in the professional practice of cooperating teachers as teachers and teacher leaders. In this longitudinal qualitative study, we gathered data through semi-structured interviews and responses to survey questions over a five-year period. Ten STEM cooperating teachers (six female and four male) with 7 to 18 years of full-time teaching experience in biology, chemistry, or mathematics participated. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the interview transcripts and survey responses. The primary motivation for serving as a cooperating teacher was the desire to share experiences and support new teachers. Cooperating teachers described the following benefits: increased self-reflection and continuing reflective practice; meaningful collaboration with pre-service teachers; learned new teaching strategies to enrich their own teaching practice; improved communication skills; and the impetus to become teacher leaders. These findings support that clinical residency teaching programs are beneficial for STEM cooperating teachers and promote their professional growth.
The Effects of the Virtual Background on French as a Second Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Hou Jiaqi
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this research was to investigate how the use of green screen technology affects vocabulary acquisition in LOTE (languages other than English) learners, particularly Chinese students learning French as a second foreign language. Two groups (a control group and an experimental group) with a total of 58 students participated in the study. Data were collected through in-class and delayed vocabulary tests, learning questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews. The study results demonstrate significant benefits in terms of providing an authentic learning experience, improving understanding, increasing motivation, and facilitating interaction. The results also confirm the technology’s effectiveness in enhancing both immediate and long-term vocabulary retention. The effectiveness is particularly evident for location-related words, as the technology provides visual context that facilitates recall of these words, which may not have easily retrievable mental images compared to more concrete words with tangible references. Further research can also be undertaken to compare the impact of virtual background on vocabulary retention with other immersive technologies. Nevertheless, virtual backgrounds are likely to be a cost-effective and accessible tool that can already offer promising improvements in learning outcomes and can be easily implemented with existing software like Zoom (5.2.0 or higher) and Tencent Meeting (1.3.0 or higher).
Institutional Ethos of Less Selective Massive Private Universities in Chile: Organizational Identities in a Competitive and Marketized University System
Authors: Quaresma Maria Luísa , Villalobos Cristóbal , Rojas-Murphy Andrés , Molina-Salas Francisco
Published: August 2024

This article aims to reflect on the institutional ethos of three Chilean, less selective massive private universities, analyzing their organizational identities, discourses, and practices and discussing how the dynamics of the competitive and marketized Chilean educational system influence this ethos. Through a qualitative design, which includes semi-structured interviews with key university staff members and direct observations in formal and informal instances, this article concludes that the ethos of these institutions is structured around four main axes: pluralism and student diversity; the pursuit of excellence as a competitive horizon; the construction of merit as a personal, family, and institutional effort; and education for employability, underpinned by professional ethics and social commitment. Furthermore, we find evidence that the logic of the university market shapes these private universities’ ethos transversally.
Development of Internalizing Mental Health Symptoms from Early Childhood to Late Adolescence
Authors: Katsantonis Ioannis G.
Published: August 2024

Children’s mental health symptoms’ development can be characterized by both continuity and discontinuity. However, existing studies ignore the potential discontinuity in children’s internalizing symptoms’ development. Hence, the current study examines continuous and discontinuous developmental trajectories using representative data from a sample of 2792 children (49.10% females) from the Growing Up in Australia cohort assessed seven times (ages 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16). Longitudinal measurement invariance analyses revealed that internalizing symptoms were comparable over time. Linear, quadratic, and piecewise latent growth curve models were deployed to estimate the trajectory of internalizing symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence. The analyses showed that internalizing symptoms were characterized by a quadratic-quadratic piecewise growth curve comprising two distinct phases of upward concave growth. Internalizing scores reduced steadily between ages 4 and 8 years but exhibited a slight upward curvature between ages 8 and 10 years. By age 14 years, the trajectory remained relatively stable but spiked between age 14 and 16 years. The two phases of internalizing symptoms’ development were largely unrelated. Overall, the study adds to the knowledge about the development of internalizing mental health from early childhood to late adolescence and highlights the need for additional support in late adolescence.
Effect of University Social Capital on Working Students’ Dropout Intentions: Insights from Estonia
Authors: Toyon Mohammad Abu Sayed
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the role of social capital within the university context in retaining working students. It specifically examines the effects of university social capital factors—such as teacher–student relationships, peer networks, and support services—on the dropout intentions of working students, emphasizing the mediating role of employability trust. Using a sample of 1902 working students from the Eurostudent VII survey, this study employed factor analysis techniques and structural equation modeling to derive its findings. The results indicated that university social capital significantly reduces dropout intentions among working students. Strong teacher–student relationships, satisfaction with support services, robust peer networks, and high employability trust positively influence this social capital. There is a statistically significant negative association between teacher–student relationships, peer networks, employability trust, and dropout intentions. Furthermore, the findings reveal that without enhancing students’ employability trust, the effectiveness of support services might be limited. These findings not only contribute to the discourse on student retention and the development of university social capital but also provide practical insights for higher education strategies aimed at supporting working students.
Research on the Teaching of Laser Chaotic Communication Based on Optisystem and Matlab Software
Authors: Zhou Xuefang , Li Minjun , Bi Meihua , Yang Guowei , Hu Miao
Published: August 2024

The utilization of chaotic optical communication, a physical layer security technology, has the potential to enhance the security of optical fiber networks. In this paper, we take knowledge acquired while teaching “A chaotic security system based on phase-intensity (P-I) electro-optic feedback” as an example and, in detail, introduce a teaching implementation process based on the combination of Optisystem and Matlab. Firstly, based on the Lang–Kobayashi (L-K) laser equation, the generation mechanism of electro-optic feedback chaos was explained. Secondly, the P-I electro-optic feedback chaos was analyzed theoretically with the help of Matlab. Finally, a laser chaotic optical communication system based on electro-optic feedback was built with the help of Optisystem (15.0.0) software, and the performance of the communication was simulated and analyzed through the design of system parameters. The teaching design model and facilitate the concretization of the abstract theory of “the principle of chaos generated by electro-optic feedback, the composition of chaotic optical communication system and the performance index of chaotic communication system”. Through after-class exercises and questionnaire surveys, it was verified that the teaching method is widely recognized by students and that it effectively improves the teaching effect of the course of laser chaotic communication and the students’ academic research ability.
A Confidential Batch Payment Scheme with Integrated Auditing for Enhanced Data Trading Security
Authors: Wang Zheng , Zhong Lin , Zhao Liutao , Wang Yujue , Zhu Zhongshan
Published: August 2024

Current data trading systems only support plaintext or unaudited private transactions. To overcome these, we present a confidential batch payment scheme with integrated auditing for enhanced data trading security. We use Castagnos–Laguillaumie (CL) homomorphic encryption and batch zero-knowledge proofs to construct the scheme. The scheme reduces decryption complexity and ciphertext length while enabling malicious model operations. In addition, it supports efficient batch payments to multiple recipients and includes features for payment statistic analysis and auditing. Experimental results indicate that the system efficiently handles encryption, decryption, and auditing tasks, completing each operation in an average of 0.89, 1.55, and 1.55 milliseconds, respectively.
A Compact MIMO Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Millimeter-Wave Communication
Authors: Merlos-Garza Erendira , Khan Zia U. , Khamas Salam K.
Published: August 2024

A Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (RDRA) design for mmWave-frequency-band MIMO metrics is proposed, with a compact, low-complexity, high-gain structure that is easy to fabricate and offers reduced inter–port isolation. The RDRA operates in the mmWave spectrum, featuring a compact size of 1.307λ0 × 1.307λ0, an impedance bandwidth of 6%, and a resonant frequency of 28 GHz, with a peak gain of 7 dBi. A four element MIMO system iteration was developed while maintaining the performance of the single element antenna. Additionally, a simple, low-complexity slot-etching technique was applied to achieve an average inter-port element isolation of 14 dB. The design also achieved a novel four-beam petal-splitting radiation pattern. The MIMO metrics, with an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of <0.5 and a diversity gain (DG) < 10, were successfully met. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.
Lightweight Certificate-Less Anonymous Authentication Key Negotiation Scheme in the 5G Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Wei Guoheng , Qin Yanlin , Kou Guangyue , Sun Zhihong
Published: August 2024

In the current 5G vehicle network system, there are security issues such as wireless intrusion, privacy leakage, and remote control. To address these challenges, an improved lightweight anonymous authentication key negotiation scheme based on certificate-less aggregate signatures is proposed and its security and efficiency are analyzed. The result shows that the scheme can offer security attributes including anonymity, traceability, and revocability, as well as effective identity authentication, and it can resist forgery attacks, man-in-the-middle attacks, tampering attacks, and smart card loss attacks. Moreover, compared with similar schemes, it possesses superior security and more efficient computational efficiency and less communication overhead, thereby being more appropriate for high-speed, large-capacity, low-latency, and resource-constrained 5G vehicle network application scenarios.
Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Based on a Variational Mode Decomposition–BiTCN–Psformer Hybrid Model
Authors: Xu Wu , Dai Wenjing , Li Dongyang , Wu Qingchang
Published: August 2024

Precise wind power forecasting is essential for the successful integration of wind power into the power grid and for mitigating the potential effects of wind power on the power system. To enhance the precision of predictions, a hybrid VMD-BiTCN-Psformer model was devised. Firstly, VMD divided the original sequence into several data components with varying time scales. Furthermore, the BiTCN network was utilized to extract the sequence features. These features, along with the climate features, were then input into the positional encoding and ProbSparse self-attention improved Transformer model. The outputs of these models were combined to obtain the ultimate wind power prediction results. For the prediction of the wind power in Fujian Province on April 26, four additional models were developed for comparison with the VMD-BiTCN-Psformer model. The VMD-BiTCN-Psformer model demonstrated the greatest level of forecast accuracy among all the models. The R2 increased by 22.27%, 12.38%, 8.93%, and 2.59%, respectively.
Enhancing the Carbon Reduction Potential in Ridesplitting through Evolutionary Game Strategies of Tripartite Stakeholders under Carbon-Inclusive Policy
Authors: Jin Zheyin , Li Ye , Gruyer Dominique , Tu Meiting
Published: August 2024

The advancement of emission reduction benefits in ridesplitting relies on a comprehensive carbon reduction incentive policy initiated by the government and implemented through the collaborative efforts of multiple stakeholders. The aim of this study is to understand the implementation mechanism and explore the carbon reduction potential of the Carbon-Inclusive Policy. A framework has been developed to explore an evolutionary stabilization strategy through a three-party evolutionary game model, which considers the crucial stakeholders of the government, shared mobility companies, and travelers. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis has been conducted across various scenarios on key factors to ensure the robustness and accuracy of findings. The study’s primary findings indicate that the government’s level of commitment to the Carbon-Inclusive Policy significantly influences strategic decisions and the pace of evolution among the three stakeholders in the evolutionary game. Companies critically assess the economic viability of ridesplitting, particularly in light of development costs and subsidy incentives. Government backing and increased ridesplitting adoption by travelers serve to mitigate risks, incentivizing companies to actively promote ridesplitting. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the necessity of balancing individual, company, and societal interests for sustainable transportation development, advocating for reasonable carbon tax credits and the promotion of novel development concepts such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. These findings serve as a significant resource for policymakers navigating the complexities of integrating carbon considerations into transportation policy frameworks, contributing to a deeper theoretical understanding of Carbon-Inclusive Policy implementation in the sector.
Mechanical Characterization of Sintered Silver Materials for Power Device Packaging: A Review
Authors: Wakamoto Keisuke , Namazu Takahiro
Published: August 2024

This paper reviews sintered silver (s-Ag) die-attach materials for wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor packaging. WBG devices that die-attach with s-Ag have attracted a lot of attention owing to their low energy loss and high temperature operation capabilities. For their practical operation, a reliability design should be established based on the failure of physics of the s-Ag die layer. This paper first focuses on the material characteristics of the s-Ag and tensile mechanical properties. Then, the s-Ag die-attach reliability is assessed with high-temperature storage, power cycling, and thermal shock tests. Each fracture mode was discussed by considering both the fracture surface analysis results and its mechanical properties. Finally, the effective reliability design parameters of the s-Ag die layer are introduced.
Precision Regulation Strategy for Regional Source, Grid, and Load Friendly Interaction Based on Double-Layer Sensitivity Model
Authors: Zhong Yongjie , Ji Ling , Tang Chengjun , Liu Wenbiao , Wang Zidong , Wang Weijie
Published: August 2024

The regional source–grid–load friendly interaction and precision regulation of adjustable resources with high sensitivity provide important support for the development of a new power system, improving its regulation ability and efficiency and promoting the safe, efficient, and reliable operation. Therefore, a precision regulation strategy for a regional source–grid–load friendly interaction based on a double-layer sensitivity model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, from the two perspectives of power grid-application requirements and power node-adjustable resources, the overall implementation process of the double-layer sensitivity analysis method is described, and the layered logic architecture of the precision regulation platform for regional source–grid–load friendly interaction is constructed in order to realize and apply the proposed double-layer sensitivity model and precision-regulation strategy. Secondly, the first-layer power transmission line-sensitivity analysis model is proposed for the power grid side to obtain the power transmission line-sensitivity matrix. A fine-grained second-layer adjustable resources sensitivity-analysis model is further established for the diversified adjustable resource aggregated under the power node to complete the quantitative ranking of adjustable resource-regulation sensitivity. Then, the application process of double-layer sensitivity analysis results is designed in detail, and the regulation sequence and regulation quantity of source and load are defined. Finally, taking a power system with seven lines, five power nodes, two power sources, and seven types of adjustable resources as an example, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed model and strategy are verified. The results indicate that the proposed precise regulation strategy can accurately select high-sensitivity power nodes and effectively sort high-sensitivity adjustable resources when solving the multiple scenarios’ application needs of power grids.
Research on the Configuration of a 100% Green Electricity Supplied Zero-Carbon Integrated Energy Station
Authors: Xie Jieyu , Chen Xingying , Yu Kun , Gan Lei , Hua Haochen , Wang Bo , Qu Yuelong
Published: August 2024

In the context of rapid growth in renewable energy installations and increasingly severe consumption issues, this paper designs a 100% green electricity supplied zero-carbon integrated energy station. It aims to analyze its configuration focusing on the following three core features: zero carbon emissions, 100% green electricity supply, and a centralized–distributed system structure. It discusses equipment selection and provides models for configuring upstream green electricity resources, power generation, energy storage, transformer, and energy conversion. The study examines the synergy between lithium-ion battery storage and modular molten salt thermal storage, along with the virtual energy storage characteristics formed by thermal load inertia, supported by mathematical models. Based on the data from a green electricity system in an Eastern Chinese city and typical load profiles, the paper validates a specific configuration for a 100% green electricity supplied zero-carbon integrated energy station, confirming model accuracy and calculating the required scale of upstream green electricity resources. It proves that establishing an electro-thermal storage synergy system is crucial for addressing the significant fluctuations in renewable energy output. It also argues that leveraging thermal load inertia to create virtual storage can reduce the investment in energy storage system construction.
Investigation of the Effects of Energy-Efficient Drying Techniques and Extraction Methods on the Bioactive and Functional Activity of Banana Inflorescence
Authors: Senevirathna Nuwanthi , Hassanpour Morteza , O’Hara Ian , Karim Azharul
Published: August 2024

Plant-derived foods with therapeutic potential have strong connection with both the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries. The effectiveness of these therapeutic properties is heavily influenced by the thermal treatment during drying and extraction methods. Traditional convective drying is a very energy incentive and lengthy process. Although some advanced and hybrid drying methods have been developed, these have not been applied in drying of banana inflorescence. In this study, we investigated the effects of freeze-drying (FD) and intermittent microwave convective drying (IMCD), as well as traditional convective oven drying (CD), on the polyphenol profile of banana inflorescence when extracted using the energy-efficient Accelerated Solvent Extraction method (ASE). Our findings revealed that the freeze-dried banana inflorescence powder exhibited the highest extraction of bioactive compounds when using 75% methanol at 100 °C as a solvent. It recovered 2906.3 ± 20.83 mg/100 g of the phenolic compounds and 63.12 ± 0.25% antioxidant activity under the optimal extraction conditions. While IMCD was found to be the second-best drying method in terms of preserving bioactive compounds, its operational time and cost were significantly lower compared to freeze-drying. Furthermore, our study confirmed the presence of medicinal compounds such as gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, catechin, ferulic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin in banana inflorescence. The development of innovative functional foods and pharmaceutical ingredients through green extraction methods and optimal drying conditions holds significant potential to save energy in the process, enhance human health, and promote environmental sustainability and circular economy processes. These efforts align with supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 and 12.
Enhanced Indoor Positioning System Using Ultra-Wideband Technology and Machine Learning Algorithms for Energy-Efficient Warehouse Management
Authors: Gnaś Dominik , Majerek Dariusz , Styła Michał , Adamkiewicz Przemysław , Skowron Stanisław , Sak-Skowron Monika , Ivashko Olena , Stokłosa Józef , Pietrzyk Robert
Published: August 2024

The following article presents a proprietary real-time localization system using temporal analysis techniques and detection and localization algorithms supported by machine learning mechanisms. It covers both the technological aspects, such as proprietary electronics, and the overall architecture of the system for managing human and fixed assets. Its origins lie in the ever-increasing degree of automation in the management of company processes and the energy optimization associated with reducing the execution time of tasks in an intelligent building supported by in-building navigation. The positioning and tracking of objects in the presented system was realized using ultra-wideband radio tag technology. An exceptional focus has been placed on reducing the energy requirements of the components in order to maximize battery runtime, generate savings in terms of more efficient management of other energy consumers in the building and increase the equipment’s overall lifespan.
The Comprehensive Effects of Nano Additives on Biodiesel Engines—A Review
Authors: Zheng Fangyuan , Cho Haeng Muk
Published: August 2024

In modern society where fossil fuel prices are increasing and environmental issues are becoming more severe, biodiesel, as a new type of clean fuel, is receiving increasing attention. Biodiesel has the advantages of renewability, environmental friendliness, and good fuel properties, demonstrating broad application prospects. However, the use of biodiesel also faces some challenges, such as higher density and kinematic viscosity, lower calorific value, etc. The application of nanoparticles in biodiesel engines helps to achieve the goal of clean fuel. In terms of fuel characteristics, nanoparticles increase the calorific value, cetane value, and flash point of the fuel, improving combustion efficiency and safety, but increasing density may affect combustion. The use of nanoparticles can promote micro explosions and secondary atomization of fuel, improve combustion characteristics, and increase cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and brake thermal efficiency while reducing fuel consumption. Nanoparticles reduce HC and CO emissions, improve combustion through higher oxygen and reaction area, and reduce incomplete combustion products. On the contrary, nanoparticles also increase CO2 emissions because better combustion conditions promote oxidation reactions. For NOX emissions, some nanoparticles lower the combustion temperature to reduce emissions, while others increase emissions. Comparison shows that all nanoparticles offer varying degrees of improvement in engine performance and emissions, but the improvement provided by TiO2 nanoparticles is significantly better than that of other nanoparticles. In the future, the synergistic effect of multiple nanoparticles should be explored to further improve performance and reduce emissions, achieving effects that cannot be achieved by a single nanoparticle.
Effects of Additives and Planting Density on Silage Performance and Bacterial Community of Novel Sorghum bicolor × S. propinquum Hybrids
Authors: Dou Qing , Luo Bin , Dai Xinghong , Wang Puchang , Guo Chao , Zhao Lili , Tang Yanhua , Yang Xuedong , Zhou Shufeng
Published: August 2024

In the enhancement of Novel Sorghum bicolor × S. propinquum Hybrid utilization, optimal planting densities and silage methods remain elusive. This study assesses the effects of planting densities, cellulase (CE), Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB), and their combination (LC) on fermentation quality and bacterial diversity of the hybrid silage. The experiment was carried out in a completely random block design with four additives and five planting densities (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) as follows (4 additives × 5 planting densities): a control group without additives (CK), a group treated with Lactobacillus buchneri (LAB), a group with cellulase (CE), and a group treated with a combination of LAB and CE (LC), maintaining triplicates per treatment. In this study, the additive treatment improved the fermentation quality of silage compared with the control. In the M2-LC group, the contents of crude protein (CP; 7.88%), ether extract (EE; 1.91%), and ash (7.76%) were the highest, while the pH (3.30) was the lowest. The water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC; 11.28%) content was the highest in the M3-CE group, the lactic acid (LA; 6.79%) content was the highest in the M4-CE group, and the acetic acid (AA; 7.71%) content was the highest in the M2-LAB group. Meanwhile, the neutral washing fiber (NDF; 53.17%) content was the lowest in the M5-CE group, the acid detergent fiber (ADF; 41.01%) content was the lowest in the M2-CE group, and the propionic acid (PA; 0.26%) content was the lowest in the M1-LAB group. Adding LC notably reduced bacterial diversity, boosted Lentilactobacillus, and curbed Proteobacteria. LAB and LC markedly improved amino acid metabolism over CE and CK. Conversely, beta-lactam resistance, flagellar assembly, and ascorbate/aldarate metabolism pathways were suppressed. In the future, we will explore a variety of additives and adjust the cutting height to improve its comprehensive quality, create an innovative path for silage production, promote the efficient use of agricultural resources, and provide high-quality feed for animal husbandry.