bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Management and First Aid Knowledge of Trekkers in Nepal
Authors: Lechner K. , Scharfenberg C. , Hettlich E.M. , Giet S. , Morrison Audry , Schöffl Volker , Küpper Thomas
Published: March 2022

Background: Trekking in Nepal is popular and generally safe. However preventable trekking injuries and deaths are often the result of poor risk managementand lack of skills – i.e. acute mountain sickness (AMS) and specific First Aid (FA). Shlim and Gallie’s reviews in 1992 and 2004 of trekking deaths here found a fivefold higher risk for fatal outcomes in organized trekking tours (OT) compared to independently organised trekkers (IT), including preventable deaths (i.e. AMS). Our survey sought to identify the AMS, FA and risk management knowledge/skills of OT and IT whilst trekking in Nepal. Methods: Based on previous pilot studies at the Khumbu region in Nepal, and on risk management information provided by leading German trekking operators, a survey was conducted using two questionnaires: one each for OT and IT.The study site was Manang (3,500m) in Annapurna region, Nepal. All trekkers passing through this site who volunteered their participation were included. For evaluation descriptive statistical methods and non-parametric tests were used. Results: 442 questionnaires were completed (155 OT; 287 IT). Mean agewas 36.4 +/– 12.0y and 61% were male. Mountaineering experience was low and FA training was scarce in both groups. IT (92.7%) followed acclimatization recommendations and 59.2% carried AMS medication, compared respectively to OT at 63.2% and 25.2%. Only 27.1% of OT had repatriation plans for a medical emergency. Conclusions: Most of OT and IT were inexperienced in mountaineering and in mountain emergencies. The preparedness of OT overall was inadequate and over-reliant on the organisers whose skills may also be inadequate when responding to an emergency. Responsible trekking should require that more than one person in a group have adequate, up-to-date riskassessment/management and FA skills specific to the trek, and in particular an understanding of altitude profile, AMS, and individual abilities.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF THE BACTERIAL COMMUNITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE ROVE BEETLE, Paederus fuscipes CURTIS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) IN PENANG
Authors: SUFIAN MARYAM , ABDULLAH AL-ASHRAF AMIRUL , ZUHARAH WAN FATMA
Published: March 2022

The rove beetle, Paederus fuscipes Curtis has caused tremendous dermatitis once unintentionally crushed against human skin due to their potent toxic released called paederin produce by the endosymbiont bacteria. The genus Pseudomonas was hypothesized to be the endosymbiont bacteria involved in the production of paederin in Paederus. However, no extensive studies have been performed to investigate the existence of other bacteria, and the relationship between the endosymbiont counts amongst male and female P. fuscipes beetles. We found that P. fuscipes harbours surprising numbers of bacteria diversity with a total of 20 different bacterial species identified. Bacillus, Serratia, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas bacteria were the dominated genus found in all collected beetles from all light trap locations. However, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa Migula is the medically important species and is commonly known to cause severe dermatitis lesions to humans. Our results revealed the P. aeruginosa  counts cultured on Pseudomonas medium was found higher total mean bacteria counts in fuscipes females (2.58 x 105 ± 2.73 x 104 cell) compared to male beetles (5.68 x 104 ± 3.70 x 103 cells). We demonstrated that a large diversity of bacterial community has been isolated from both male and female P. fuscipes, however P. aeruginosa colonies were frequently detected in females compared to male beetles. These results can be used in future studies to investigate the possible impact of these bacterial counts on the concentration of paederin produced in P. fuscipes.
GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND POST-HARVEST QUALITY OF GIFT TILAPIA REARED IN TWO DIFFERENT CULTURE SYSTEMS
Authors: MOHD ZIN FARAH FARHANIM , ABDUL BASRI NAJAMUDDIN , AL-AZAD SUJJAT , MUSTAFA SALEEM , SHAPAWI ROSSITA
Published: March 2022

The growth performance, feed utilization, sensory evaluation, proximate and fatty acid composition of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) reared in different aquaculture systems (tank and cage culture in pond) were examined in a 126-day feeding trial. Throughout the feeding trial, fish were fed commercial tilapia feed twice a day at 3% of their body weight. Significantly higher final body weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices were yielded in GIFT tilapia cultured in pond than in tank. In contrast, GIFT tilapia cultured in tank showed significantly higher survival rate than GIFT tilapia cultured in pond. Higher positive scores of sensory evaluation test were observed in both treatments, indicating the good acceptance of consumers towards GIFT tilapia. Meanwhile, higher contents of 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 of GIFT tilapia fillets from tank culture system than those cultured in cage were mainly influenced by significantly different size of fish and maturity factor during harvest. In general, it can be concluded that the performance of GIFT tilapia reared in pond culture system was better than those in tank culture system with benefits of early harvest and faster growth rate. On the other hand, tank culture system also has its own advantages in terms of higher survival rate and better fatty acid profile.
DNA BARCODING OF COMMON MALAYSIAN SPIDERS USING THE CYTOCHROME OXIDASE I (COI) GENE
Authors: ABDUL RAHMAN AHMAD MUKHLIS , KOAY KEK CHIAN , MOHTAR JOHAN ARIFF , ABDULLAH NURUL AIN HARMIZA , JAMIL ANWARDI , ABDUL SHUKOR MOHD MUSHAHRIL
Published: March 2022

For the last twenty years, many newly described spiders were collected from Malaysia and in fact, more than 11,000 species were recorded in Peninsular Malaysia as well as in Sabah and Sarawak states. Scientists have put an immense effort on untangling the spider biology from its physical structure and behavior to silks and venoms. However, working with spiders is impeded by the difficulties in species identification via solely morphological methods. Thus, DNA barcoding is an alternative technique that employs standard fragment to facilitate species identification. Isolation of genomic DNA from three Malaysian spiders were performed using NucleoSpin® DNA insect extraction kit. Amplification of reference mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene employing PCR with two set of primers followed by the DNA sequencing and validation through phylogenetic analysis were carried out. The commercial extraction kit was effective for the recovery of good quality of intact genomic DNA band as indicated by the integrity analysis. Both set of primers successfully amplified 100% of the samples with approximately 600 – 700 bp of PCR products. The obtained sequences (610 bp to 692 bp) were compared with the sequences available in Gene Bank. BLAST and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the analyzed individual samples belong to Nephila pilipes, Neoscona nautica and Crossopriza lyoni, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis provided unique insight into the evolutionary relationship of each analyzed sample. This study aids in an accurate identification of the selected local spider species at molecular level using the COI gene.
EFFECT OF COMPRESSION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF READY-TO-EAT (RTE) SPINACH VARIETIES
Authors: ARIFFIN SITI HAJAR , GKATZIONIS KONSTANTINOS , BAKALIS SERAFIM
Published: March 2022

Compression-induced injury is frequently encountered during handling, packaging, transporting, and storage. In this study, compression test was performed using a mechanical tester, Universal Testing Machine Z030 (Zwick/Roell, Germany). Spinach varieties (Teen, Organic, Salad, and Baby) were used to study the response of spinach varieties towards stress. For single loading/unloading compression, maximum work (MaxW) and area under the curve (AUC) required to compress Organic spinach were found to be the highest followed by Teen and Salad spinach. The MaxW and AUC were found to be decreasing after storage which showed that the total work generated to compress the leaves was reduced due to texture degradation of the product after storage. For multiple loading/unloading compression, as the number of compressions increased, the MaxW decreased. Similar trend was observed at day 6. Apart from that, the MaxW for all the three spinach types were found to be similar at the 5th compression. This shows that regardless of the spinach types, they reached maximum resistance towards stress after the 5th consecutive compression. Under 200 N compression, leaves with stem required higher energy to compress compared to leaves without stem. However, for leaves compressed under 50 N and 100 N, the difference was only noticed on the 1st compression. The MaxW was found to be similar for leaves with stem and without stem starting from the 2nd compression till the 5th compression. The irregular and larger cell size of Organic spinach as compared to round-shaped and smaller cell size of Teen and Salad spinach may contribute to the ability of the Organic spinach tissue to have higher resistance towards mechanical stress during compression.
OPTIMISATION OF MIXED DRINK MADE FROM RED CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea L.) AND ROSELLE (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) EXTRACTS
Authors: NUR FARAH HANI M , HUDA-FAUJAN N , HAFIZA Y , FARIDAH H , ARIFIN N
Published: March 2022

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for optimising the formulation and processing parameters of red cabbage- roselle mixed drink. In this study, four independent variables namely red cabbage-roselle extracts concentration (30 to 70%), stingless honey concentration (1–10%), pasteurisation temperature (70–90°C), and pasteurisation time (30–300 s) were studied in order to determine the effect of the formulation (ingredients) and processing parameters towards the colour and anthocyanins content of the mixed drinks. Thirty different experimental combinations generated by RSM design were studied on the responses

i.e. colour values (L*, a*, b*) and total anthocyanin content of red cabbage-roselle mixed drink. The optimal formulation and processing condition were obtained with a 70% combination of red cabbage-roselle extracts concentration and 1% of stingless honey concentration, with pasteurisation temperature, and time of 70.01°C and 284.07 s, respectively. In order to verify the models, the experimental values were compared with the predicted values to check the adequacy of the models. The experimental values were found to be in agreement with those predicted, thus, indicating the suitability of the models used by RSM to optimise the formulation and processing parameters of mixed drinks made from red cabbage and roselle extracts.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ROOT COMPLEXITY OF Rhizophora apiculata AND SEDIMENTATION AT PANTAI KELANANG, SELANGOR
Authors: RAHEMAN NURAQILAH YUSRA , NORDIN RAIHAN MOHD , ABDULLAH MAIZAH , HASSIM MUHAMAD FAIRUS NOOR
Published: March 2022

Roots play important roles in tree structural adaptation and accumulation of nutrients during growth. This is particularly critical for mangrove trees that facing strong current and weak based for implantation in the sand. However, how the complexity of mangrove roots contributes to structural adaptation and affect sedimentation remains unelucidated. In this study, the complexity of Rhizophora apiculata’s roots influence the sedimentation under the root structures and at the walkway area in Pantai Kelanang, Morib were investigated. The complexity of R. apiculata pneumatophores was computationally analyzed. The sediment composition was measured using a wet-sieve method and laser diffraction method. The correlative analysis shows that no definite pattern between angles and lengths of R. apiculata roots. Assessment of sediment composition shows significant differences between walkways and under the roots. There is a high accumulation of organic matter and sand in sediment samples from under the roots. While the walkway has a high accumulation of clays and silt than others. Mathematical scoring reveals a positive association between root complexities with the accumulation of organic matters and sand in both areas. While sand and clay accumulation are inversely associated.
ISOLATION AND NILE RED SCREENING OF INDIGENOUS MICROALGAE SPECIES FROM PAHANG LAKES AS POTENTIAL LIPID SOURCE IN AQUACULTURE FEED
Authors: ZAKARIA MUHAMMAD FAIZ , HARIS NOORAZILAH , ABD WAHID MOHD EFFENDY , KATAYAMA TOMOYO , JUSOH MALINNA
Published: March 2022

The high nutritional composition of microalgae that includes lipids is considered as one of the promising alternative lipid sources for animal feeds enrichment. Since microalgae have higher photosynthetic efficiencies than terrestrial plants, highly adaptable to environmental changes, and do not compete with conventional agriculture for resources, the inclusion of lipid sources from microalgae in feed could help the sustainability of livestock production systems. This study has reported the indigenous microalgae strains from Pahang lakes and determined lipid-rich strains that have the potential for alternative lipid sources. Pure isolated strains were identified using an 18S rDNA marker. The microalgae strain biomass was determined for 15 days. Meanwhile, the screening for high-rich lipid contents in microalgae strains was carried out using Nile Red fluorescent dye. A total of 11 strains were successfully isolated that consist of 8 different species (Carteria radiosa, Spongiosaccinopsis terrestris, Desmodesmus sp., Desmodesmus abundans, Dendodesmus brasiliensis, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Mychonastes timauensis, and Mychonastes ovahimbae). Results showed that PHG C01, PHG C02, and PHG F03 have the highest biomass production among all strains. Meanwhile, for lipid production, PHG B01 and PHG F03 showed the highest results. Thus, PHG B01 and PHG F03 strains were chosen as potential candidates to be used as an alternative lipid source in animal feed feedstock.
PEDOMETER-MEASURED WALKING STEPS AND LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: A STUDY IN KUALA NERUS, TERENGGANU
Authors: ASRI NUR AFIFAH MUHAMAD , ALI ASMA’ , JAAFAR SITI NUR ‘AFIFAH , JALIL ABBE MALEYKI MHD , KAMARUDIN KHAIRIL SHAZMIN
Published: March 2022

The Malaysia Ministry of Health introduced the 10,000 Steps Program to embrace physical activity and increase the quality of life among the Malaysian population. Thus, this cross-sectional study aims to determine the walking steps, and level of physical activity among adults in Kuala Nerus, Terengganu. A convenience sample of 90 adults aged 18 to 59 years old had their two-days walking steps assessed using an Omron HJ-320 pedometer. Meanwhile, physical activity was measured using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The Spearman correlation coefficient is used to assess the relationship between the number of walking steps based on the pedometer, and physical activity level. The result shows that the average median steps/day of the respondents was 5096 (3744). Only 6.7% of respondents achieved the 10,000 recommended steps. The respondents were generally categorized as low active for their walking steps and physical activity level. There was a significantly low relationship between physical activity and walking (r=0.214, p=0.043). This indicates that the physical activity level among respondents was relatively related by their number of walking steps. In conclusion, a pedometer can be part of an effective tool for measuring daily physical activity. Awareness programs are strongly encouraged to increase the physical activity level among the population.
Two new species of Nepenthes from north Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Salmon Bruce R. , Maulder Ricky G.
Published: March 2022

The species Nepenthes mikei and Nepenthes xiphioides (Nepenthaceae) from Gunung Pangulubau, North
Sumatra, Indonesia are described and illustrated
Nepenthes sibuyanensis, a new Nepenthes from Sibuyan, a remote island of the Philippines
Authors: Nerz Joachim , Alt Thomas , Mann Phill , Smith Trend
Published: March 2022

Nepenthes sibuyanensis, a new species of Nepenthes from Mt. Guintguintin on Sibuyan Island, Philippines is described and illustrated
Uji Kesesuaian Hasil Penilaian Status Volume Intravaskular Antara Diameter Vena Cava Inferior (IVC) dengan Vascular Pedicle Width (VPW)
Authors: Sedono Rudyanto , Majdid Amir S. , Hamidiana Farahniar
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Kondisi hipovolemia atau hipervolemia dapat meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Baku emas penilaian status volume intravaskular adalah pemeriksaan immunoassay yang bersifat invasif, sulit, dan lama sehingga klinisi mencari teknik yang tidak invasif, mudah, dan singkat. Pemeriksaan diameter inferior vena cava (IVC) dengan ultrasonografi (USG) dan vascular pedicle width (VPW) dengan radiografi dada merupakan teknik noninvasif yang mulai digunakan untuk menilai status volume intravaskular. Pemeriksaan VPW dapat dilakukan di instansi yang tidak memiliki ultrasonografi (USG). Uji kesesuaian IVC dan VPW dalam menilai status volume intravaskular hanya pernah dilakukan pada pasien dengan ventilasi mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil penilaian status volume intravaskular antara teknik USG diameter IVC dengan teknik radiografi dada VPW pada pasien bernapas spontan.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis observasional analitik potong lintang untuk mengetahui kesesuaian hasil penilaian status volume intravaskular dengan metode IVC dan VPW pada pasien di Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD). Penelitian dilakukan setelah mendapatkan persetujuan etik dan tanda tangan subjek pada lembar informed consent. Sebanyak 39 subjek dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini. Pengukuran VPW dari hasil radiografi dada di IGD dilanjutkan dengan pengukuran diameter serta collapsibility index IVC dengan USG. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan secara statistik dengan menghitung Koefisien Kappa.

Hasil: Nilai median diameter IVC 1,1 cm (0,46–3 cm). Nilai median collapsibility index IVC 33% (10,2–100%). Nilai median VPW 5,7 cm (3,5–10,8 cm). Tidak ada kesesuaian antara diameter rerata IVC dengan VPW (koefisien Kappa -0,085). Tidak ada kesesuaian antara diameter maksimal IVC dengan VPW (koefisien Kappa -0,123). Kesesuaian juga tidak didapatkan dari collapsibility index dengan VPW (koefisien Kappa 0,069).

Simpulan: Tidak didapatkan kesesuaian antara penilaian status volume intravaskular dengan metode pengukuran diameter IVC dan metode pengukuran VPW.

Kata Kunci: Status volume intravaskular; inferior vena cava; vascular pedicle width
Analgesia pada Pasien Pediatri
Authors: Tantri Aida Rosita
Published: March 2022

Anak bukanlah miniatur orang dewasa. Kalimat ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata antara pasien dewasa dan anak. Anak-anak, terutama bayi yang baru berusia beberapa bulan, sangat berbeda dari orang dewasa. Perbedaan anatomi, fisiologi, dan psikologi antara dewasa dan anak-anak perlu dipahami dengan baik agar dapat memberikan pelayanan medis yang baik terutama  untuk pasien pediatri. Anak-anak yang belum bisa berkomunikasi dengan baik membuat dokter terkadang hanya bisa menebak yang dirasakan dan dialami oleh pasien. Mitos yang menyatakan bahwa bayi dan anak  tidak merasakan nyeri atau merasakan nyeri yang mebih ringan dibandingkan  pasien dewasa. Pemahaman ini membuat deteksi dan penanganan nyeri pada pasien pediatri menjadi tidak adekuat. Penanganan nyeri yang efektif dan adekuat dapat meminimalisir respon stress akut dan sensitasi sistem saraf pusat yang dapat menyebabkan peningkatan persepsi nyeri, dan gangguan tingkah laku di kemudian hari. Faktanya, bayi yang dirawat di Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) rata-rata menjalani 75 tindakan yang menimbulkan rasa nyeri selama dirawat di NICU dengan rerata 10 tindakan per hari,  dimana 79,2% tindakan dilakukan tanpa menggunakan analgetik. Fakta ini membuktikan bahwa masih banyak kesalahan pemahaman konsep nyeri pada pasien pediatri. Tatalaksana nyeri dapat berupa tatalaksana farmakologi dan non-farmakologi. Tatalaksana nyeri pada pediatrik memerlukan kerjasama tim dari berbagai disiplin ilmu untuk melakukan asesmen rutin dan mendiskusikan program tatalaksana nyeri yang terbaik untuk pasien.
De-resusitasi Dini dengan Target Balans Negatif pada Pasien Pediatrik dengan Demam Berdarah Dengue untuk Mencegah Disfungsi Organ Multipel
Authors: Handoko Lukas , Yohanes George
Published: March 2022

Resusitasi cairan adalah langkah awal untuk mengimbangi kebocoran plasma pada demam berdarah dengue. Ketika resusitasi cairan tercapai, cairan resusitasi yang masuk kedalam tubuh akan di redistribusi ke jaringan dan berakhir dengan edema jaringan. Disfungsi multi organ dapat terjadi akibat edema jaringan. Dalam konsep ROSE, Malbrain mengemukakan konsep evakuasi cairan untuk mencegah gangguan multi organ. Konsep ROSE terdiri dari tahapan-tahapan resusitasi, optimalisasi, stabilisasi, dan evakuasi.

Pada kasus ini, anak laki - laki 5 tahun, keluhan demam dengan diagnosis demam berdarah dengue. Masuk ICU dengan penurunan kesadaran dengan disertai efusi pleura kanan. Balans kumulatif +2089 ml dengan persen fluid overload 11,7% setelah resusitasi cairan di IGD. Furosemid diberikan dalam rangka deresusitasi dini untuk mencapai balans cairan negatif.

Sebagai kesimpulan, pemberian diuretika dini sebagai de-resusitasi merupakan intervensi yang dilakukan untuk membatasi perkembangan balans cairan positif yang dapat memperbaiki luaran pada pasien DBD. Strategi balans negatif dapat digunakan dalam managemen cairan untuk mencegah disfungsi organ multipel.
Efek Pemberian Lidokain Intravena Kontinu Intraoperasi terhadap Kebutuhan Isofluran dan Pemakaian Fentanil pada Operasi Dekompresi dan Stabilisasi Posterior Vertebra
Authors: Anshori Taufik , Takdir Musba Andi Muhammad , Ratnawati
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Mual muntah dan nyeri pasca operasi menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dan ketidakpuasan pasien setelah menjalani pembedahan dengan anestesi umum. Kejadian ini meningkat dengan penggunaan gas anestesi dan opioid dosis tinggi. Lidokain intravena perioperatif pada hewan dapat mengurangi minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) gas anestesi dan konsumsi opioid intraoperatif. Hingga saat ini belum ada penelitian mengenai pengaruh pemberian infus Lidokain kontinyu selama operasi  terhadap penggunaan gas anestesi Isoflurane dan total konsumsi opioid intraoperatif pada operasi orthopedi.

Tujuan: Menilai pengaruh pemberian bolus lidokain intravena 1,5 mg/kgBB sebelum intubasi endotrakeal diikuti dengan infus lidokain intravena 1,5 mg/kgBB/jam selama operasi dengan anestesi umum, terhadap jumlah penggunaan gas anestesi Isoflurane  dan total konsumsi opioid intraoperasi dekompresi dan stabilisasi posterior vertebra.

Metode: Penelitian uji klinis acak terkontrol secara acak tersamar ganda. Sebanyak 40 subyek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dibagi secara acak menjadi dua kelompok: kelompok Lidokain, yaitu kelompok yang mendapatkan bolus Lidokain 2% intravena 1,5 mg/kgBB pada 1 menit sebelum intubasi endotrakeal dan diikuti dengan infus Lidokain intravena 1,5 mg/kgBB/jam/syringe pump secara kontinyu selama operasi; kelompok kontrol, yaitu kelompok yang mendapatkan plasebo NaCl 0,9%. Selama operasi dilakukan pemantauan tekanan darah, laju jantung, elektrokardioram, dan saturasi oksigen dan nilai qNOX-qCON pada monitor. Tekanan arteri rata-rata dan laju jantung diukur setiap 3 menit.

Hasil: Laju jantung tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna kecuali pada menit ke 60. Tekanan darah sistolik, diastolik, dan tekanan arteri rata-rata tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna antara kedua kelompok. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada nilai qNOX dan qCON. Jumlah total penggunaan gas Isoflurane dan Fentanyl pada kelompok Lidokain secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan pada kelompok kontrol.

Simpulan: Lidokain intravena 1,5 mg/kgBB sebelum intubasi dilanjutkan infus Lidokain 1,5 mg/kgBB/jam menurunkan kebutuhan gas Isoflurane serta opioid intraoperatif selama operasi dekompresi dan stabilisasi posterior vertebra.
Perbandingan Efek Kombinasi Levobupivakain 0,1% 2 mg Fentanyl 25 μg dengan Bupivakain 0,1% 2 mg Fentanyl 25 μg Intratekal Terhadap Hemodinamik, Intensitas Nyeri dan Durasi Persalinan pada Persalinan Normal
Authors: Albert Winata  , Husain Alamsyah Ambo Ala , Musba Andi Muhammad Takdir
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Nyeri pada proses persalinan merupakan masalah yang kompleks. Respons fisiologis ibu terhadap nyeri persalinan dapat memengaruhi kesejahteraan ibu dan janin serta kemajuan persalinan. Regional analgesia dengan menggunakan kombinasi anestesi lokal dan opioid merupakan teknik yang paling populer. Penggunaan levobupivakain intratekal untuk manajemen nyeri persalinan mulai mengalami peningkatan karena memiliki efek samping minimal terhadap sistem saraf pusat, kardiovaskular dan blok motorik, namun efeknya masih kontroversial. 

Metode: Penelitian uji klinis tersamar tunggal. Sebanyak 38 subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok bupi1 yang mendapatkan analgesia persalinan intratekal dengan bupivakain 0.1% + fentanyl 25 µg dan kelompok levo1 yang mendapatkan levobupivakain 0.1% + fentanyl 25 µg. Penilaian hemodinamik (tekanan arteri rerata dan laju nadi), nyeri dengan menggunakan visual analogue scale (VAS), dan blok motorik dengan menggunakan skala bromage dilakukan sesaat sebelum diberikan analgesia intratekal dan 30 menit setelah diberikan analgesia intratekal. Pada kedua kelompok dilakukan pencatatan waktu lama persalinan yang dimulai dari sesaat dilakukan analgesia spinal hingga bayi lahir.

Hasil: Perubahan tekanan arteri rerata tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara kedua kelompok. Pada kedua kelompok terjadi penurunan signifikan pada nilai rerata VAS, dimana perubahan VAS pada kelompok levo1 lebih besar secara signifikan dibandingkan pada kelompok bupi1. Bromage akhir 1 hanya ditemukan pada kelompok bupi1, sedangkan bromage akhir 0 ditemukan lebih banyak pada kelompok levo1, perbedaan ini signifikan secara statistik. Durasi persalinan tidak berbeda secara signifikan antara kedua kelompok.

Simpulan: Levobupivakain 0,1% 2 mg dan fentanyl 25 µg intratekal dapat menjadi alternatif bupivakain pada analgesia persalinan karena memiliki efek perubahan hemodinamik yang sama, analgesia yang baik dengan blok motorik yang lebih rendah.
Perbandingan Keberhasilan dan Kemudahan Intubasi dengan Bonfils antara Teknik Pendekatan Midline dan Retromolar pada Maneken
Authors: Alatas Anas , Sugiarto Adhrie , Sari Shendy Meike
Published: March 2022

Latar belakang. Bonfils adalah alat fiberoptik kaku yang dapat digunakan untuk intubasi baik pada jalan nafas normal maupun sulit. Penelitian ini membandingkan teknik pendekatan midline dan retromolar dalam melakukan intubasi dengan Bonfils pada suatu pelatihan dengan subjek penelitian adalah PPDS Departemen Anestesiologi dan Terapi Intensif FKUI/RSCM tahap mandiri dan paripurna. Pelatihan pada maneken ini dilakukan di SIMUBEAR IMERI. Subjek tidak terbiasa menggunakan Bonfils, sehingga pelatihan ini menjadi kesempatan yang baik. Terdapat 10 langkah DOPS yang harus dikerjakan oleh setiap subjek untuk masing-masing teknik. Penelitian ini menilai DOPS, lama waktu intubasi dan jumlah upaya yang dilakukan untuk melakukan intubasi dengan Bonfils.

Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan uji eksperimental, acak, tidak tersamar, crossover yang dilakukan pada bulan September 2018. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 45 orang yang diambil dengan metode total sampling, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yang berbeda dalam sekuens. Kelompok 1 terdiri dari 23 orang yang melakukan intubasi dengan Bonfils pendekatan midline terlebih dahulu kemudian pendekatan retromolar dan kelompok 2 terdiri dari 22 orang yang melakukan sebaliknya. Uji statistik data kategorik berpasangan menggunakan uji McNemar dan data numerik berpasangan dengan uji Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test.

Hasil. Keberhasilan intubasi dengan Bonfils melalui pendekatan midline pada DOPS 1, DOPS 2 dan pada kasus jalan nafas sulit sebesar 71,1%, 86,7%, 88,9%, sedangkan pada pendekatan retromolar adalah 68,8%, 68,9%, 64,4%. Lama waktu intubasi yang diperlukan untuk pendekatan midlinepada jalan nafas normal dan sulit adalah 59 (18-224) detik dan 55 (24-146) detik, sedangkan pada pendekatan retromolar adalah 64 (38-200) detik dan 74,5 (26-254) detik. Kemudahan melakukan intubasi dengan Bonfils dinilai dari jumlah upaya yang dilakukan oleh subjek sebanyak 1x, yaitu pada pendekatan midline 64,4% dan retromolar 35,6% pada jalan nafas normal, dan 66,7% serta 46,7% pada jalan nafas sulit.

Simpulan. Keberhasilan dan kemudahan intubasi dengan Bonfils melalui pendekatan midline lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pendekatan retromolar pada maneken.
Hubungan Kejadian Tromboembolisme Vaskular Terhadap Mortalitas COVID-19: Sebuah Studi Literatur
Authors: Anwar Raihanah , Huspa Fitri Agustina , Bisri Yulianti
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: COVID-19, infeksi virus akibat SARS-CoV-2, menampilkan berbagai gambaran klinis dari gejala asimtomatik hingga kematian. Respons inflamasi pada COVID-19 menyebabkan fase hiperkoagulasi dan mengakibatkan lebih dari 25% kejadian tromboembolisme pada pasien rawat inap COVID-19. Pada tromboembolisme, terjadi elevasi level D-dimer, hal ini berasosiasi dengan perburukan prognosis dan mortalitas pasien COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penelitian yang menganalisis hubungan kejadian tromboembolisme pada COVID-19 dan mortalitas. Diharapkan, penelitian ini dapat menjadi dasar bagi para klinisi untuk mengevaluasi penatalaksanaan COVID-19.

Metode: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan studi literatur dengan kata kunci “Thromboembolism” atau “Venous Thromboembolism”, “COVID-19”, “SARS-CoV-2” atau “Coronavirus Disease 2019”, dan “Mortality” melalui database PubMed dan disaring berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditetapkan.

Hasil: Dari 4 artikel yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi, dua artikel menyatakan adanya hubungan kejadian tromboembolisme dengan kematian pada pasien COVID-19 dan dua artikel menyatakan tidak ada hubungan. Untuk mengklarifikasi dua pernyataan yang kontradiktif tersebut, peneliti mencari lebih dalam penelitian yang mendukung.

Simpulan: Keempat artikel yang dianalisis melaporkan tingginya kejadian tromboembolisme pada pasien COVID-19. Dua di antaranya menyatakan asosiasi antara tromboembolisme dan kematian pada COVID-19 dan sisanya menyatakan tidak ada asosisasi. Namun, pertanyaan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan kejadian tromboembolisme pada COVID-19 dengan kematian masih belum dapat diketahui.
Anestetik Lokal dan Prosedur Endoskopi Saluran Cerna
Authors: Tantri Aida Rosita
Published: March 2022

Prosedur endoskopi saluran cerna adalah prosedur yang saat ini sudah rutin dikerjakan dengan menggunakan sedatif dan analgesik intravena. Tujuan penggunaan kedua zat tersebut selama prosedur endoskopi adalah untuk mengurangi kecemasan dan ketidaknyamanan pasien, meningkatkan kualitas dari hasil endoskopi, dan mengurangi ingatan pasien terhadap tindakan endoskopi.1 Tindakan endoskopi umumnya dilaksanakan dengan sedasi sedang, yang dapat dicapai dengan pemberian agen sedasi secara titrasi agar tindakan endoskopi dapat berjalan lancar dan aman bagi pasien.2  

Walau sudah mencapai level sedasi sedang, gag reflex masih seringkali terjadi pada pasien. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, ahli anestesi dapat menambahkan fentanyl atau remifentanyl. Penambahan opioid juga dapat diberikan, namun perlu berhati-hati karena dapat mengakibatkan depresi napas dan pergeseran level sedasi. Pasien dapat jatuh pada level sedasi yang lebih dalam sehingga membutuhkan bantuan jalan napas, respirasi atau bahkan kardiovaskular.3 

Kebutuhan metode dalam mengurangi nyeri dan gag reflex selama tindakan endoskopi sangat diperlukan. Penggunaan anestetik lokal yang benar dan efektif dapat mengurangi dosis sedasi dan komplikasi yang ditimbulkan. Salah satu jenis anestetik lokal yang sering digunakan adalah lidokain.4 

Lidokain, sebelumnya juga disebut sebagai lignokain, adalah agen anestesi lokal golongan amida yang pertama kali disintesis pada tahun 1940-an oleh Nils Löfgren dan Bengt Lundquist, dengan mengembangkan turunan dari xylidine. 

Selain jenisnya, pemberian anestetik lokal pada prosedur endoskopi harus dipastikan memiliki sebaran yang merata pada struktur jalan nafas atas untuk mencegah gag reflex yang diduga berasal dari reseptor yang terdapat pada lipatan palatoglossal dan palatopharyngeal, dasar lidah, palatum, uvula, dan dinding faring bagian belakang.6 Penggunaan lidokain dalam bentuk spray dan inhalasi dapat dimanfaatkan pada prosedur endoskopi saluran cerna atas, namun tentu saja pemilihan cara pemberian lidokain harus memperhatikan tingkat efektivitas dan kenyamanan pasien. Pada edisi ini, Heriwardito dkk7 membandingkan kedua cara pemberian lidokain tersebut dalam mengurangi kejadian gag reflex dan rerata rescue dose propofol yang diperlukan.
Efek Efedrin 10 mg atau Ondansetron 4 mg Sebagai Profilaksis Hipotensi Pasca Anestesi Spinal pada Seksio Sesarea: Sebuah Uji Acak Tersamar Tunggal
Authors: Holiwono Albertus Magnus Mario , Hisbullah  , Syamsul Hilal Salam
Published: March 2022

Latar Belakang: Persalinan melalui Seksio Caesaria (SC) merupakan prosedur operasi yang semakin sering digunakan di negara berkembang saat ini. Hipotensi pasca anestesi spinal pada pembedahan Seksio Sesaria sering terjadi dan dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesadaran dan kolaps kardiovaskular. Efedrin dan Ondansetron telah dilaporkan dapat mencegah hipotensi setelah anestesi spinal. Namun, hingga saat ini masih terdapat kontroversi mengenai penggunaannya. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Efedrin atau Ondansetron profilaksis terhadap hipotensi pasca anestesi spinal pada pembedahan Seksio Sesarea.

Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan uji klinis acak tersamar tunggal tiga kelompok, dilakukan pada pasien yang menjalani SC pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2020 pada RS afiliasi. Kelompok intervensi mendapatkan Efedrin 10mg atau Ondansetron 4mg intravena, dan NaCl 0.9% sebagai pembanding. Pengukuran data hemodinamik (sistol, diastol, MAP, dan laju nadi) dilakukan setiap 2 menit dalam 18 menit pertama dan dilanjutkan setiap 10 menit sampai prosedur pembedahan selesai. Kejadian efek samping mulai dicatat setelah anestesi spinal hingga 24 jam pascabedah. Jumlah rescue dengan Efedrin antar kelompok juga dicatat. Uji t berpasangan dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan antar waktu. Uji ANOVA dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan antar kelompok pada unit waktu dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%

Hasil: Penurunan profil diastol dan MAP lebih sedikit pada kelompok Efedrin dan Ondansetron dibandingkan kelompok kontrol. Laju nadi lebih rendah secara umum pada kelompok Efedrin dan Ondansetron. Enam sampel pada kelompok efedrin dan ondansetron, dan sepuluh sampel pada kontrol mendapatkan rescue vasopressor. Total rescue pada kelompok efedrin, odansetron dan kontrol adalah 75mg, 110mg, dan 145mg. Total sampel yang mengalami mual pada kelompok efedrin, ondansentron, dan kotrol adalah 4 sampel, 2 sampel, dan 6 sampel.

Simpulan: Pemberian Efedrin 10mg atau Ondansetron 4mg profilaksis mengurangi hipotensi pasca spinal, mengurangi kebutuhan rescue terutama pada pemberian Efedrin, dan mengurangi kejadian mual muntah terutama pada pemberian Ondansetron.
Emboli Paru pada COVID-19
Authors: Fatoni Arie Zainul , Dzakiyyah Nasywa Florean , Soeiono Christian Ambrosius
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 adalah sebuah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV- 2) dan telah dinyatakan sebagai pandemi oleh WHO. Spektrum klinis penyakit ini begitu luas, mulai dari asimtomatik hingga Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Pada penyakit COVID-19, terdapat keadaan gangguan hiperkoagulabulitas dan hiperinflamasi/ cytokine storm, yang dapat menimbulkan komplikasi berupa emboli paru (EP). Gejala yang muncul biasanya berupa sesak, batuk, dan nyeri pleuritic; dengan tanda berupa takipneu, takikardi, dan sianosis pada keadaan yang parah. Penegakkan diagnosis emboli paru dilakukan berdasarkan temuan klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Sampai sekarang belum ada bukti yang cukup terkait penggunaan marker tertentu sebagai acuan diagnosis klinis dari EP. Berbagai ssistem skoring pun dibuat sebagai panduan untuk diagnosis dan juga sebagai upaya dalam melakukan stratifikasi risiko. Manajemen emboli paru pada COVID-19 dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu terapi profilaksis dan terapeutik, baik secara farmakologis maupun non farmakologis. Prognosis EP COVID-19 lebih baik apabila dilakukan diagnosis dini dan tatalaksana dini berhasil dilakukan.
Korelasi Kadar ScVO2 dengan Skor Sequential Organ Failure Assesment (SOFA) pada Pasien Sepsis di Intensive Care Unit (ICU) RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta
Authors: Woyka Swanita , Purwoko  , Ardana
Published: March 2022

Pendahuluan: Sepsis merupakan disfungsi organ yang mengancam jiwa yang disebabkan disregulasi respons host terhadap infeksi. ScVO2 telah dipertimbangkan sebagai faktor prognosis yang sesuai di berbagai situasi klinik pada pasien dengan sakit kritis. Skor SOFA adalah penilaian disfungsi organ yang terjadi pada sepsis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis korelasi kadar ScVO2 dengan skor sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) pada pasien sepsis.

Metode: Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang terhadap 32 sampel darah dan data klinis pasien sepsis yang dirawat di ICU RSUD Dr. Moewardi di Surakarta pada bulan April-September 2018, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan program komputer dengan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat melalui uji pearson.

Hasil: Korelasi kadar SCVO2 dengan skor SOFA mendapatkan nilai r=-0,389 dan nilai p =0,028 yang menunjukkan terdapat hubungan negatif dan signifikan antara kadar SCVO2 dengan SOFA Skor.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat korelasi antara kadar SCVO2 dengan skor Sequential Organ Failure Assesment score (SOFA score) pada pasien sepsis.
Intubasi dengan Menggunakan Laringoskop McCoy dan Macintosh
Authors: Lubis Andriamuri Primaputra
Published: March 2022

Tindakan intubasi endotrakeal memiliki tingkat kesuksesan yang sangat tinggi pada pasien-pasien yang akan dilakukan tindakan anestesi secara elektif. Sedangkan, pada kasus-kasus emergensi ataupun kasus-kasus sulit intubasi, tindakan intubasi endotrakeal menjadi tantangan dan membuka perspektif berbeda. Laringoskop merupakan suatu instrumen yang digunakan untuk memeriksa regio laring dan memfasilitasi tindakan intubasi endotrakeal. Berbagai macam penelitian dilakukan di berbagai negara untuk menilai penggunaan blade laringoskop termasuk diantaranya untuk menilai tanggapan kardiovaskular dan kemudahan tindakan intubasi intubasi. Di Indonesia sendiri, penelitian yang serupa pernah dilakukan dengan penduduk dengan ras Melayu.
Comparative Analysis of a Novel Material, GPRA as Partial Replacement in Coarse Aggregate with Individual Materials
Authors: Shah Obair Bilal , Kumar Ashish , Chandel Dr. Sandeep Kumar
Published: March 2022

GPRA is a unique material made up of shredded glass, plastic, rubber, and aluminum particles. Concrete is abundantly used building material on the planet, requiring around 12.6 billion tons of natural resources to produce. All of the elements in concrete are partially or completely replaced by a variety of waste products, such as fly ash, rice husk ash, wheat straw ash, and so on. Rapid urbanization and industrialization around the world has resulted in large amounts of plastic trash and waste tyre rubber being deposited. This trash can be used to lower the coarse aggregate content of concrete when used in the proper conditions. This research work looks at the potential of a novel compound GPRA i.e. (Glass, Plastic, Rubber, Aluminum) as a partial replacement in coarse aggregate. Though there has been enough research on use of waste materials as replacement in concrete structures with an aim to curb pollution levels. This research work aims to utilize properties of waste materials which may give a higher performance than individually using of waste materials and while lowering of various pollution levels with cost effective ways for partial replacement of coarse aggregates in concrete, shredded waste materials for GPRA with sizes ranging from 4.75 to 20 mm will be employed. This investigation will use an M30 design mix with a target mean strength of 42 n/mm2. GPRA will be used to partially replace coarse aggregate in the following percentages: 10%, 30%, and 40%. The C.S., S.T.S., and F.S. of GPRA in hardened concrete has to be compared to the individual replacement of these waste materials.
Improvisation of Round Robin Algorithm
Authors: Gupta Aishna , Rajkumar Patil Darshan
Published: March 2022

We are trying to improvise the existing Round Robin Algorithm and test its performance across host OS and VM as well. We would be testing the performance of the improvised algorithm on the Cent OS running on Virtual Box.. We have worked on the scheduling algorithm specifically Round Robin Scheduling in our lab classes. Basically, we will be finding out the best way to properly select the “Time Quantum” so as to get Minimum ‘Waiting Time’ and ‘Turnaround Time’. After looking into so many research papers, we have found that, by sorting the processes in increasing order of their burst time and taking median of all the burst time, we can minimize the waiting and turnaround time.
Enhancement of Security in Wireless Sensor Network by Using Trust Evaluation and TCP/IP Based Technology
Authors: Das Rahul , Dwivedi Dr. Mona
Published: March 2022

Today Wireless network technology are widely used technology in many organizations. Wireless LANs transmit and receive data without physical channel means over the air so no need for a wired connection. For this radio frequency (RF) technology is used. Without any cables attached, a wireless network allows devices to remain linked to the network. The main advantage of wireless network is that it is typically cheaper, simpler, quicker to set up as wireless network does not require expensive wiring. Mainly radio communication is used to implement wireless communication networks. At physical level of OSI model network structure this implementation takes place. Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, Wi-Fi local networks & terrestrial microwave networks. The advent of wireless sensor network has given birth to new kinds of routing algorithms and new security threats.
Age and Gender Prediction using Caffe Model and OpenCV
Authors: Shaban Sharik , Singh Ravinder Pal , Mehra Dr. Monika
Published: March 2022

Automatic classification of age and gender has become crucial for a rising number of applications, especially as social platforms and social media have risen. However, there is still substantial lack of performance of present approaches in real-world photos, especially when compared to the enormous performance jumps reported lately in the associated facial recognition job. In this research we show that a considerable gain in performance may be achieved by the application of convolution neural networks (CNN). This work is primarily designed to construct an algorithm that accurately guesses a person's age and gender.Haar cascade is one of the most often utilised approaches. In this research we provide a model that can help Haar Cascade to determine a person's gender. The model trained the classifier as positive and negative pictures using diverse photos of men and women. Various face characteristics are removed. With the help of Haar Cascade, the classifier determines if the picture input is men or women. Even with insufficient data, it functions effectively. A deep education framework created with Caffe is used to do the age or sex approximation task. Our model is able to detect multiple faces in single image and predict age and gender of all faces present in the image.
Regression and Classification Model Based Predictive Maintenance of Aircrafts Using Neural Network
Authors: Maqbool Humaira , Mehra Dr. Monika
Published: March 2022

One of the key objectives of today's businesses and mills is to predict machine problems. Failures must be avoided, because downtimes represent expensive expenses and a loss of productivity. This is why the number of remaining cycles (RULs) until the failure occurs is vital in machine maintenance. The estimations of the RUL should be based on earlier observations, whenever possible under the same conditions. In the research of RUL estimates, the creation of systems that monitor current equipment conditions is becoming crucial. I employed Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) in my project to determine an aircraft's remaining usable lives. The aircraft's functioning condition is also forecast. The former is done by a regression method, using a classification methodology predicted by working circumstances. In order to estimate operating conditions and remaining usable life of the aircraft, data utilized for LSTM models training are derived from 21 aircraft sensor readings located at different locations with three distinct settings.
"Derivation of Kinetic Equations for Free-Radical Nonbranched-Chain Processes of Hydrocarbon and Hydrogen Oxidation"
Authors: Silaev Michael M.
Published: March 2022

The derivation of kinetic equations for the oxidation processes by the free-radical nonbranched-chain mechanism is shown. This derivation is based on the proposed reaction scheme for the initiated addition of free radicals to the multiple bond of the molecular oxygen includes the addition reaction of the peroxyl free radical to the oxygen molecule to form the tetraoxyl free radical. This reaction competes with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in this scheme involves a few of free radicals, one of which (tetraoxyl) is relatively low-reactive and inhibits the chain process by shortening of the kinetic chain length. The rate equations (containing one to three parameters to be determined directly) are deduced using the quasi-steady-state treatment. The kinetic description with use the obtained rate equations is applied to the γ-induced nonbranched-chain processes of the free-radical oxidation of liquid o-xylene at 373 K and hydrogen dissolved in water containing different amounts of dioxygen at 296 K. The ratios of rate constants of competing reactions and rate constants of addition reactions to the molecular oxygen are defined. In these processes the oxygen with the increase of its concentration begins to act as an oxidation autoinhibitor (or an antioxidant), and the rate of peroxide formation as a function of the dissolved oxygen concentration has a maximum. It is shown that a maximum in these curves arises from the competition between hydrocarbon (or hydrogen) molecules and dioxygen for reacting with the emerging peroxyl 1:1 adduct radical. From the energetic standpoint possible nonchain pathways of the free-radical oxidation of hydrogen and the routes of ozone decay via the reaction with the hydroxyl free radical in the upper atmosphere (including the addition yielding the hydrotetraoxyl free radical, which can be an intermediate in the sequence of conversions of biologically hazardous UV radiation energy) were examined. The energetics of the key radical-molecule gas-phase reactions is considered.