bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Niño–Southern Oscillation and internal sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Indian Ocean since 1675
Authors: Leupold Maike , Pfeiffer Miriam , Watanabe Takaaki K. , Reuning Lars , Garbe-Schönberg Dieter , Shen Chuan-Chou , Brummer Geert-Jan A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The dominant modes of climate variability on interannual
timescales in the tropical Indian Ocean are the El Niño–Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole. El Niño events have
occurred more frequently during recent decades, and it has been suggested
that an asymmetric ENSO teleconnection (warming during El Niño events is
stronger than cooling during La Niña events) caused the pronounced
warming of the western Indian Ocean. In this study, we test this hypothesis
using coral Sr∕Ca records from the central Indian Ocean (Chagos Archipelago)
to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in time windows from the
mid-Little Ice Age (1675–1716) to the present. Three sub-fossil massive
Porites corals were dated to the 17–18th century (one coral) and the 19–20th
century (two corals). Their records were compared with a published modern
coral Sr∕Ca record from the same site. All corals were subsampled at a
monthly resolution for Sr∕Ca measurements, which were measured using a
simultaneous inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Wavelet coherence analysis shows that interannual
variability in the four coral records is driven by ENSO, suggesting that the
ENSO–SST teleconnection in the central Indian Ocean has been stationary since the
17th century. To determine the symmetry of El Niño and La Niña
events, we compiled composite records of positive and negative ENSO-driven
SST anomaly events. We find similar magnitudes of warm and cold anomalies,
indicating a symmetric ENSO response in the tropical Indian Ocean. This
suggests that ENSO is not the main driver of central Indian Ocean warming.
Intercomparisons, Error Assessments, and Technical
Information on Historical Upper-Air Measurements
Authors: Imfeld Noemi , Haimberger Leopold , Sterin Alexander , Brugnara Yuri , Brönnimann Stefan
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Upper-air data form the backbone of weather analysis and reanalysis products, particularly in the pre-satellite era. However, they are particularly prone to errors and uncertainties, especially data from the early days of aerology. Information that allows to better characterize the errors of radiosonde data is important. This paper reports on an attempt to collect data from historical upper-air intercomparisons and from historical error assessments reaching back to the 1930s. The digitised numerical data will be made available through Copernicus Climate Change Services; here we publish the full information that includes images, literature, and other metadata that may be relevant and can be used to inform homogenization approaches or reanalysis production. The data collection described in this paper is available on PANGAEA https://www.pangaea.de/tok/9e5b464ba828e931103d3794d9ae1d4576f7a03d (Imfeld et al, in review).
Snow profile alignment and similarity assessment for aggregating, clustering, and evaluating snowpack model output for avalanche forecasting
Authors: Herla Florian , Horton Simon , Mair Patrick , Haegeli Pascal
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Snowpack models simulate the evolution of the snow stratigraphy based on meteorological inputs and have the potential to support avalanche risk management operations with complementary information relevant for their avalanche hazard assessment, especially in data-sparse regions or at times of unfavorable weather and hazard conditions. However, the adoption of snowpack models in operational avalanche forecasting has been limited, predominantly due to missing data processing algorithms and uncertainty around model validity. Thus, to enhance the usefulness of snowpack models for the avalanche industry, numerical methods are required that evaluate and summarize snowpack model output in accessible and relevant ways. We present algorithms that compare and assess generic snowpack data from both human observations and models, which consist of multidimensional sequences describing the snow characteristics of grain type, hardness, and age. Our approach exploits Dynamic Time Warping, a well-established method in the data sciences, to match layers between snow profiles and thereby align them. The similarity of the aligned profiles is then evaluated by our independent similarity measure based on characteristics relevant for avalanche hazard assessment. Since our methods provide the necessary quantitative link to data clustering and aggregating methods, we demonstrate how snowpack model output can be grouped and summarized according to similar hazard conditions. By emulating aspects of the human avalanche hazard assessment process, our methods aim to promote the operational application of snowpack models so that avalanche forecasters can begin to build an understanding of how to interpret and trust operational snowpack simulations.
Pedagogy and the Politics of Organizing in Mississippi
Authors: Nadasen Premilla
Published: January 2021

This article reflects on a community-directed collaboration between students at a four-year liberal arts institution and a local organization in Mississippi to develop an index of women's economic security.  It suggests that the collaborative nature of the course, as well as the relationship- and community-building witnessed in Mississippi offer counter-narratives to liberal individualism, southern conservatism, and the practice of social justice work.
We Don't Need Your Permission: The Era of Non-Affiliated Student Activism
Authors: Dolhinow Rebecca Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Student activism, just like any social movement, cycles through times of great excitment and visibility and times of near invisibility. The early 21st Century has been filled with new social movements in communities across the world and on campuses as well. These new student movements take up bold ideas and actions but from a different positionality than those before. In this paper, I explore the nature of new student movements in California through an ongoing ethnographic research project. In particular, this paper focuses on how student groups are using their identities and material experiences to draw on positionality in their work for justice. By positioning themselves outside of traditional student organizational relationships with universities, these student activists come from a position of greater freedom. But at what cost?
“Building that World”: Movements of Vision in the Carceral Classroom
Authors: Cates Rhiannon M. , Hall Benjamin J. , Broughton James , Reeves Andrew , Hocutt Ringwelski Faith , Zaro Kathryn , Richards Jenna , Roberts Lani
Published: January 2021

An article in which two teaching assistants and six students of a university course taught inside a correctional facility, "Writing as Activism," collaboratively examine their experience as co-teachers and co-learners in a humanities-based prison classroom. Fostered and framed by their instructor’s critical and transformative pedagogical approaches in this course, the authors locate integrated learning and collaborative writing within carceral classrooms as sites for intentional and resistant futures to be enacted and embodied as a practice of post-carceral world-building. The students enter their individual narratives into this location of their experience of envisioning and enacting resistant futures together in this space as a student movement dedicated and equipped to bring a world beyond prison into being.
Collective Visioning: Igniting the Radical Imagination
Authors: York Matt
Published: January 2021

As the spaces which once existed within the university for the co-imagining of liberatory political praxes diminish, social movements are increasingly reverting to methods of collective visioning which have been developed on the streets to theorise radical social change.  I argue that such methodologies provide important opportunities for a reappraisal of our hierarchical student/teacher relations, and make the case that we can collectively learn much more from within our movements than anyone might hope to teach us from outside.  The article traces our current movement wave, and locates contemporary forms of collective visioning within a wider lineage of knowledge co-production in social movements.  The neoliberal subversion of university education is examined, and proposals made for ways in which we might challenge these hegemonic conditions.  I conclude that the liberatory epistemologies and forms of knowledge co-production explored in this article offer significant potential for developing new modes of praxis for our current wave of ecological and anti-capitalist activists both inside and outside the university.
The Great Sham of the California State University System
Authors: Liz Sanchez
Published: January 2021

The Great Sham of the California State University System
Analysis of the floristic diversity in a southern Mediterranean ecosystem. Case of Bissa forest, Chlef (Algeria)
Authors: Zemmar Nabila , M’hammedi Bouzina Mahfoud , Ababou Adda , Belhacini Fatima , Hadidi Djahida
Published: January 2021

The forest of Bissa is a Mediterranean ecosystem, characterized by a high floristic diversity. In order to assess the floristic diversity in this forest, 133 floristic readings were conducted in this area between 2013 and 2017. As a result, it was possible to identify 151 species, 125 genus and 54 botanical families, with a clear dominance of Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae.  Biologically, this ecosystem was mainly dominated by therophytes (37%). Physiognomically, the phanerophytes were the most dominant types, whereas in term of phytogeography this forest was dominated by the Mediterranean type (50%). According to Shannon-Winner index, this area was characterized by a relatively low diversity (1.3 bit / ind), with a clear dominance of a few species. Finally this forest was relatively disturbed (42%) and under a strong anthropozoic influence.
Modelo de evaluación de la efectividad, continuidad y conectividad del sistema de áreas protegidas costeras mediante el análisis de su flora y vegetación
Authors: Salvo Tierra Ángel Enrique , Pereña Ortiz Jaime , Cortes-Molino Álvaro , Rodríguez Rodríguez David , Martínez-Vega Javier
Published: January 2021

Los ecosistemas litorales están fuertemente amenazados por el aumento del nivel del mar, las inundaciones y la litoralización de la población. Aunque se ha intensificado el esfuerzo por declarar áreas protegidas costeras, estas quedan fragmentadas en teselas circundadas por territorios artificalizados. La conectividad entre estas áreas protegidas es por tanto la garantía de la continuidad de los servicios ecosistémicos que proveen. Se propone un modelo para la evaluación de la eficacia potencial del sistema continuo de las áreas protegidas costeras en base al conocimiento de su flora y vegetación. El grado de efectividad pretende ser un indicador para la adopción de medidas de planificación territorial conducentes al fortalecimiento de la red como medida de salvaguarda de la biodiversidad. Para probar el modelo propuesto se ha elegido la costa de Andalucía (S de España), territorio bañado por el Mediterráneo y el Atlántico, susceptible de importantes impactos. Este segmento de costa ha sido sometido durante los últimos 60 años a fuertes presiones de origen antrópico.que han fragmentado y alterado la estructura, composición y funcionalidad de los ecosistemas litorales. Todo ello pone en riesgo tanto los valores que sirvieron para la declaración de un status de protección como la conectividad entre ecosistemas que garanticen la persistencia de sus servicios ecosistémicos. La metodología propuesta para medir la eficacia potencial del sistema se sustenta en el grado de protección legal, el valor fitocenótico y el grado de artificialización. A partir de la integración de los valores obtenidos se ha calculado la consistencia de los nodos y en definitiva la efectividad en red. La aplicación de este método pone de relevancia cuales son las áreas protegidas  más vulnerables ante las deficiencias de la red, en especial por las dificultades de conectividad.
Educación, Valores, Tecnología y Música. Hacia un modelo inclusivo que apueste por la igualdad y las relaciones interpersonales
Authors: Rodrigo Martín Isabel , Rodrigo Martín Luis , Viniegra Luis Mañas
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo parte de la reflexión teórica sobre la necesidad de un cambio en el sistema educativo que apueste por la inclusión, en el que se contemple la igualdad y desigualdad, las tecnologías y el factor relacional, y que ponga en funcionamiento metodologías que permitan dar respuesta a las diferentes necesidades de una población heterogénea. Desde este planteamiento, se formulan unos objetivos dirigidos a conseguir un modelo inclusivo que contemple los valores, las tecnologías y las relaciones interpersonales y se define una metodología teórica, actitudinal y experimental. Para ello, se realiza un proyecto educativo experimental en Educación Primaria que aborda el uso de las tecnologías de la información y los valores sociales. Tomando como eje vertebrador la música, se diseñan todas las actividades con la finalidad de mejorar el clima del aula y centro, así como el respeto y valoración de la diversidad asociada a nacionalidades, minorías, diversidad funcional… entre el alumnado. La evaluación del proyecto ofrece resultados cualitativos y cuantitativos satisfactorios, tanto en la adquisición de contenidos teóricos como en los procedimientos, valores y normas sociales, lo que permite concluir sobre la necesidad de establecer un modelo de Educación inclusiva donde tenga cabida todo el alumnado.
Consecuencias laringoscópicas, electroglotográficas, acústicas y sintomatológicas producidas por la sobrecarga vocal en mujeres con voces sanas y no entrenadas
Authors: Fuentes Aracena Christopher , Ahumada García Felipe , Arce Valiente Carlos , Arias Acevedo Jorge , Moya Cortés Pablo
Published: January 2021

La sobrecarga es una de las etapas del continuo de carga vocal. Actualmente, se considera que su investigación permite una mejor comprensión de la patología y sintomatología funcional de la voz. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar las consecuencias laringoscópicas, electroglotográficas, acústicas y sintomatológicas producidas por la sobrecarga vocal en mujeres con voces sanas y no entrenadas. Se examinó el comportamiento acústico, laringoscópico, electroglotográfico y sintomatológico de 30 mujeres que se sometieron a una tarea de sobrecarga vocal caracterizada por la lectura ininterrumpida de un texto durante 60 minutos, cuya intensidad fluctuó entre los 75 y 85 dB. A nivel laringoscópico, se observó mayor vascularización, aumento de la compresión supraglótica y cambios en la amplitud, simetría y onda mucosa. Acústicamente, se evidenció incremento significativo en la frecuencia fundamental e intensidad vocal. En la electroglotografía, el cociente de cierre y la fase abierta y cerrada disminuyeron significativamente, mientras que a nivel sintomatológico, la totalidad de la muestra expresó al menos un síntoma de fatiga vocal. En conclusión, los hallazgos observados son expresiones de la fatiga del mecanismo tiroaritenoideo y de la inflamación aguda de la cubierta cordal.
Raíces humanistas del transhumanismo tecnocientífico
Authors: Quevedo Martín David
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar en qué sentido el proyecto del transhumanismo tecnocientífico supone una revolución teórica que termine alterando radicalmente nuestra concepción tradicional del ser humano. Para ello, primero se presenta el debate contemporáneo entre las posturas bioconservadoras y posthumanistas con el propósito de señalar los argumentos más comunes que sostienen ambas. Después se discuten los principales conceptos que articulan este debate y que pueden reducirse a dos: la naturaleza y el humanismo. Para analizarlos son examinados a la luz de la tradición en la que se enmarcan y de los últimos desarrollos tecnocientíficos, mostrándose como sumamente problemáticos y multívocos como para poder dar una contestación suficiente al fenómeno transhumanista. A continuación, se muestra hasta qué punto el transhumanismo se halla imbricado dentro de la tradición del humanismo filosófico, examinando la consideración del ser humano que se desprende de éste y las distintas vertientes presentes. Al analizar minuciosamente el pensamiento humanístico clásico, es posible encontrar el marco de ideas y creencias necesarias para acabar definiendo al transhumanismo como la apoteosis y consumación del proyecto metafísico y antropocéntrico del humanismo teórico antiesencialista. Finalmente se propone reorientar el proyecto transhumanista primando las cuestiones políticas con el objetivo de que responda a intereses emancipatorios, necesarios para establecer un desarrollo de tipo humanista en sentido práctico que inspire la construcción de un sistema socio-económico alternativo.
O corpo inorgânico no jovem Marx: um conceito-limite de antropocentrismo
Authors: Butler Judith
Published: January 2021

n this text, based on an interlocution with Bruno Latour’s objection to the task of criticism, Judith Butler seeks to outline a way of approaching, from a contemporary perspective, Karl Marx’s 1844 economic-philosophical manuscripts. To this end, the author interrogates a famous but enigmatic paragraph in Marx’s early writings when he refers to nature as the inorganic body of man. So, first of all, Butler finds this paragraph in the larger text of Marx and offers an understanding of this idea within the context of the author’s general arguments. Finally, she suggests that a consideration of this notion of the inorganic body in Marx has current implications for criticism, especially with regard to the charge of anthropocentrism.
Using Children’s Literature to Teach the 4Cs of CLIL: A Systematic Review of EFL Studies
Authors: Graham Keith M. , Matthews Sharon D. , Eslami Zohreh R.
Published: January 2021

This systematic review examines whether the use of children’s literature in EFL classrooms supports the 4Cs of CLIL—content, communication, cognition, and culture. Previous research has shown many benefits for using children’s literature in English-dominant classroom settings, but it seems little attention has been given to its use in EFL contexts and no attention in CLIL. This study utilizes a systematic search strategy to collect and synthesize current research on children’s literature use in EFL settings in order to better understand how children’s literature may impact EFL student learning and, specifically, examine whether its use can meet the 4Cs of CLIL. Records from four databases were screened for studies using children’s literature in EFL settings, resulting in the inclusion of 15 articles. The analysis of the articles reveals that current research shows evidence that the use of children’s literature can help facilitate student learning in content, communication, cognition, and culture. However, despite this clear connection to the goals of CLIL, investigations on children’s literature remain absent from CLIL research. We believe this research lends support for the use of children’s literature in the CLIL classroom and calls for more attention, both by practitioners and researchers, toward the use of children’s literature in CLIL classrooms.
Surgical Resection of a Parietal Osteoma in a Domestic Ferret Using Advanced Neurosurgical Techniques
Authors: Paushter Aaron , Early Peter , Perkins Tyler , Applegate Jeffrey
Published: January 2021

A 3.5 yr old male neutered ferret presented with progressive enlargement of a right dorsocaudal skull mass that had occurred over 18 mo. Computed tomography imaging revealed a large (2.4 × 2.7 cm), well-defined, pedunculated osseous mass arising from the right parietal bone. Cytology was inconclusive, and surgical biopsy was consistent with an osteoma. Further enlargement of the mass occurred over the next 3 mo, at which time surgical intervention was pursued. The patient recovered well, despite the persistence of a bony defect at the former mass site, and no mass regrowth occurred in the 14 mo following the surgical resection. This is one of only two reports in the literature to document the surgical removal of an osteoma in a ferret, and this is the sole case in which a custom apparatus was fabricated for head stabilization, a multiaxis adjustable surgical table was used to improve access to the surgical site, and an ultrasonic scalpel was used for the mass resection.
Damage caused by crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster cf. solaris) outbreak to restored corals in the southern Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Sarabia Paulina , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor
Published: January 2021

In the last decades, managers and local communities have been turning to active restoration as a mechanism to recover damaged reefs affected at an unprecedented rate because of climate change, anthropogenic activities, and natural events, such as outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish
(COTS) Acanthaster spp. A coral restoration experiment was conducted in the southern Gulf of California (24°N, 110°W) starting in December 2017. By early 2018, unusually high numbers of Acanthaster cf. solaris appeared at the restoration plots causing significant
coral mortality. Fragment survivorship was significantly influenced by site with corals at Roca Swan showing a longer survival probability time [297.43 (SE 16.38) d] compared to El Corralito [133.81 (SE 7.73) d]. From April 2018 to June 2019, average abundance of A. cf. solaris
had surpassed 800 ind ha–1 at three sites, and their feeding resulted in high fragment mortality ranging from 39% at Roca Swan to 88% at El Corralito—a strong contrast to other restored reefs along the eastern Pacific where starfish were absent and annual fragment
mortality was <15%. La Paz Bay was the first area in the eastern tropical Pacific to suffer an A. cf. solaris outbreak in 2017–2018, severely hindering success of coral restoration programs.
Geology, Structural Analysis, and Paragenesis of the Arrow Uranium Deposit, Western Athabasca Basin, Saskatchewan, Canada: Implications for the Development of the Patterson Lake Corridor
Authors: Hillacre Sean , Ansdell Kevin , McEwan Brian
Published: January 2021

Recent significant discoveries of uranium mineralization in the southwestern Athabasca basin, northern Saskatchewan, Canada, have been associated with a series of geophysical conductors along a NE- to SW-trending structural zone, termed the Patterson Lake corridor. The Arrow deposit (indicated mineral resource: 256.6 Mlb U3O8; grade 4.03% U3O8) is along this trend, hosted exclusively in basement orthogneisses of the Taltson domain, and is the largest undeveloped uranium deposit in the basin. This study is the first detailed analysis of a deposit along this corridor and examines the relationships between the ductile framework and brittle reactivation of structures, mineral paragenesis, and uranium mineralization. Paragenetic information from hundreds of drill core samples and thin sections was integrated with structural analysis utilizing over 18,000 measurements of various structural features. The structural system at Arrow is interpreted as a partitioned, strike-slip–dominated, brittle-ductile fault system of complex Riedel-style geometry. The system developed along subvertical, NE- to SW-trending dextral high-strain zones formed syn- to post-D3 deformation, which were the focus of extensive premineralization metasomatism (quartz flooding, sericitization, chloritization), within the limb domain of a regional-scale fold structure. These zones evolved through post-Athabasca dextral and sinistral reactivation events, creating brittle fault linkages and dilation zones, allowing for hydrothermal fluid migration and resulting uraninite precipitation and associated alteration (white mica, chlorite, kaolinite, hematite, quartz veins). This study of the structural context of Arrow is important as it emphasizes that protracted reactivation of deep-seated structures and their subsidiaries was a fundamental control on uranium mineralization in the southwestern Athabasca basin.
Impact of the Application of IFRS 15 on the Profitability of Jordanian Telecom Companies (Case Study: Jordan Orange Telecom)
Authors: Khersiat Ola Mohammad
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the impact of applying IFRS 15 standard on the profitability of Jordanian telecommunications companies (case study: Jordan Orange Telecom). The study addresses three independent variables, namely, contract revenue, customer contract assets and customer contract liabilities and their impact on the ROA, ROE and PM in Orange Jordan. The researcher has investigated the relationship and impact of the independent variables on dependent variables by analysing financial statements after applying IFRS15 for 2017, 2018, 2019. The study concludes that there is a relationship and impact between contract revenue and ROA and ROE, where the correlation coefficient amounted to (99.8, 99.0) respectively, with a level of significance (0.02, 0.04). The coefficient of determination (R2) amounted to (99.6%), indicating that contract revenue interprets (99.6%) of the return on assets in Orange Telecom. Also, the coefficient of determination (R2) amounted to (99.9%), indicating that contract revenues interpret (99.9%) of the ROE in Orange Telecom. The correlation coefficient between contract revenue and PM amounted to (99.2) with a level of significance (0.08), where a correlation relationship is noticed but with a level of significance exceeding (0.05). As for customer contract assets and customer contract liabilities, no relationship or impact is found betweem these and ROA, ROE and PM in Jordan Orange Telecom.Accordingly, the study recommends that companies in Jordan should abide by IFRS15 in order to increase corporate profitability.
Evaluation of a quality improvement program to prevent healthcare acquired infections in an acute care hospital
Authors: Bernard Laurence , Biron Alain , Briand Anaïck , Taha Samy , Lavoie-Tremblay Mélanie
Published: January 2021

Objective: The general purpose of the study was to evaluate a specific prevention program and its effects on infection prevention practices as part of continuous improvements in patient safety. Infection prevention is a global priority aimed at reducing mortality and morbidity rates related to infections acquired while under care.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out through a documentation analysis and semi-structured interviews with 13 healthcare professionals working in a healthcare centre where the infection prevention program was developed and implemented.Results: The thematic analysis identified three major axes: perceptions concerning audits and huddles strategies, the positive effects of the program on team building and, finally, its sustainability and continuous improvement.Conclusions: Globally, program enhanced the habits of professionals by developing an accurate perception of infections and the way to manage the related risk. The program Controlling Specific Infections Successful Strategies (CSISS) is seen as effective and sustainable by the participants. It contributes to a collaborative safety culture to reduce nosocomial infection rates.
Patient Perception of Pain Control (Not Opiate Amount) Affects Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems and Press Ganey Satisfaction Scores After Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Ahmed Adil S. , Kim Ryan L. , Ramsamooj Harry , Roberts Michael , Downes Katheryne , Mir Hassan R.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Opiate abuse is a public health issue linked to prescribing. Prescribing increased partly in response to adopting pain as the fifth vital sign. Assessing pain control on patient satisfaction surveys, including government-mandated Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) and optional private surveys (Press Ganey) administered on hospital discharge, may contribute. This study evaluates whether opiate amounts affect orthopaedic trauma patient perception of pain control and overall hospital rating on HCAHPS and Press Ganey surveys.

Methods:

Consecutive adult patients >18 years surgically treated for isolated fractures (UE = upper extremity, LE = lower extremity, and PA = pelvis/acetabulum) at a level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. Hospital charts, HCAHPS, and Press Ganey data were reviewed; patients without survey responses were excluded. Data included comorbidities, psychiatric history, substance use, injury type, and surgery. Analysis included Spearman's rho for correlations, Wilcoxon rank-sum and Kruskal-Wallis for continuous variables, and adjusted ordinal regression to estimate association between opioid prescribing and patient ratings.

Results:

One hundred fifty-two total patients (UE 29, LE 112, and PA 11) with mean age of 57 years and median length of stay 3 days were included. Adjusted models showed longer duration outpatient prescriptions were associated with lower rating on how often inpatient pain was controlled (P = 0.002), lower total MME inpatient was associated with higher ratings (HCAHPS P = 0.015; Press Ganey, P = 0.03), lower average daily MME inpatient was associated with lower ratings (HCAHPS P = 0.008; Press Ganey, P = 0.037), and shorter outpatient prescription duration was associated with lower ratings (P = 0.008). Patient perception of pain control was strongly associated with overall HCAHPS (P < 0.05) and Press Ganey (P < 0.001) ratings.

Discussion:

Inpatient and outpatient opiate amounts and duration demonstrated some associations with overall scores. However, patients' pain control perception seems to have the strongest relationship with hospital rating. Counseling and multimodal pain control may lead to strong satisfaction scores without needing high opiates after orthopaedic trauma.
Prosthetic Bearing Surfaces in Anatomic and Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Stone Michael A. , Noorzad Ali S. , Namdari Surena , Abboud Joseph
Published: January 2021

Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and reverse TSA have provided an effective treatment for glenohumeral osteoarthritis; however, longevity of the procedure may be limited by osteolysis and polyethylene wear. In TSA, glenoid component failure occurs through several mechanisms, the most common being aseptic loosening and polyethylene wear. Newer bearing surfaces such as highly cross-linked ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene, vitamin E processing, ceramic heads, and pyrolytic carbon surfaces have shown improved wear characteristics in biomechanical and some early clinical studies. The purpose of this review is to provide a historical perspective and current state of the art of bearing surface technology in anatomic and reverse TSA.
Total Knee Arthroplasty in Freestanding Ambulatory Surgery Centers: 5-Year Retrospective Chart Review of 90-Day Postsurgical Outcomes and Health Care Resource Utilization
Authors: Mascioli Anthony A. , Shaw Marian L. , Boykin Shawn , Mahadevan Prakash , Wilder J. Heath , Bell J. Weston , Dabov Gregory D. , Toy Patrick C.
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Migration of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) procedures from the inpatient setting to outpatient venues, especially freestanding ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs), requires the use of reliable patient selection algorithms and standardized perioperative pathways to facilitate favorable outcomes for patients.

Methods:

This retrospective chart review included consecutive TKA procedures performed over a 5-year period between January 2014 and January 2019 at 2 freestanding ASCs. The patient selection algorithm was developed on the basis of patient comorbidities to minimize the potential for adverse events. All procedures were performed by one of eight orthopedic surgeons who were identified a priori as adhering to similar multimodal pain management regimens, including the use of spinal anesthesia, general or monitored-care anesthesia, adductor canal blocks, pericapsular injection of liposomal bupivacaine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, gabapentin, tramadol, acetaminophen, and oxycodone on an as-needed basis. Outcomes, including surgical complications, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and patient satisfaction, were measured before discharge and at a 90-day follow-up visit.

Results:

Four hundred thirty-nine TKA procedures in 386 patients were identified for inclusion. Of these patients, 115 (29.8%) were performed in patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status IIIa. Mean (standard deviation) length of stay at the ASC was 500 (107) minutes, including 136 (47) minutes of surgery and 201 (78) minutes to ambulation. The overall rates of surgical complications and 90-day hospital admissions were low (1.4% and 0.7%, respectively), as was the need for additional HCRU, including additional surgical procedures related to index surgery, emergency department visits, and unplanned clinic visits or calls. At the 90-day follow-up visit, 96% of patients reported being pleased with their outcomes.

Discussion:

With careful patient selection, standardized perioperative pathways, and multimodal analgesia protocols, TKA procedures can be performed in the ASC setting with low complication rates, minimal postdischarge HCRU, and high rates of patient satisfaction.

Level of evidence:

III
Seismic design of gravity retaining walls
Authors: Elms D. G. , Richards R.
Published: January 2021

Starting from the Mononobe-Okabe analysis, the seismic behaviour of gravity retaining walls is investigated. The importance of including wall inertia effects is demonstrated. The sensitivity of the results to changes in various parameters is explored: care must be taken in some ranges. For a moderately severe earthquake, it is shown that most walls will move, but that the movement is finite, and calculable. An approximate expression is given for the expected displacement. From this, a design approach is developed in which the designer chooses an allowable displacement, uses it to compute a design acceleration coefficient, and then computes the wall mass required.
Cowpea Response to Two Organic Fertilizers in the Nord Sudan Zone of Burkina Faso
Authors: Ouedraogo Jean , Serme Idriss , Lompo Désiré Jean Pascal , Sanon Sogo Bassirou , Ouattara Korodjouma
Published: January 2021

The Intensification of cowpea production is a priority because of its role in household income generation and its contribution to food security. To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizers on cowpea productivity, a dispersed block experiment design was set up in Saria in the semi-arid zone of Burkina Faso during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The combination of Biodeposit (Agro and Elixir) and Organova were used alone or in combination with mineral fertilizer. The results showed that during the two years, the highest cowpea grain yields were obtained with the Organova + the recommended mineral fertilizer and Biodeposit Agro + the recommended mineral fertilizer. The combination of organic fertilizers and recommended mineral fertilizer resulted in a 45% and 59% increase respectively with Organova and Biodeposit (Agro + Elixir). These two fertilizers then have the same effects on cowpea productivity. In the semi-arid zone where there is competition for organic resources, organic fertilizers can be used in combination with mineral fertilizer to improve cowpea productivity.
Skyline Tensile Forces in Cable Logging
Authors: Mologni Omar , Marchi Luca , Lyons Kevin C. , Grigolato Stefano , Cavalli Raffaele , Röser Dominik
Published: January 2021

Skyline tensile forces have been shown to frequently exceed the recommended safety limits during ordinary cable logging operations. Several models for skyline engineering analyses have been proposed. Although skyline tensile forces assume a dynamic behaviour, practical solutions are based on a static approach without consideration of the dynamic nature of the cable systems.The aim of this study was to compare field data of skyline tensile forces with the static calculations derived by dedicated available software such as SkylineXL. To overcome the limitation of static calculation, this work also aimed to simulate the actual response of the tensile fluctuations measured in the real environment by mean of a finite element model (FEM).Field observations of skyline tensile forces included 103 work cycles, recorded over four different cable lines in standing skyline configuration. Payload estimations, carriages positions, and time study of the logging operations were also collected in the field. The ground profiles and the cable line geometries were analysed using digital elevation models. The field data were then used to simulate the work cycles in SkylineXL. The dynamic response of six fully-suspended loads in a single-span cable line was also simulated by a dedicated FEM built through ANSYS®. The observed data and the software calculations were then compared.SkylineXL resulted particularly reliable in the prediction of the actual tensile forces, with RMSE ranging between 7.5 and 13.5 KN, linked to an average CV(RMSE) of 7.24%. The reliability in predicting the peak tensile forces was lower, reporting CV(RMSE) of 10.12%, but still not likely resulting in a safety or performance problem. If properly set-up and used, thus, SkylineXL could be considered appropriate for operational and practical purposes. This work, however, showed that finite element models could be successfully used for detailed analysis and simulation of the skyline tensile forces, including the dynamic oscillations due to the motion of the carriage and payload along the cable line. Further developments of this technique could also lead to the physical simulation and analysis of the log-to-ground interaction and the investigation of the breakout force during lateral skidding.
Impact of Rainy and Dry Seasons on Eucalypt Fuelwood Quality Logs Stored in Piles
Authors: Eufrade-Junior Humberto de Jesus , Spadim Emanuel Rangel , Rodrigues Sérgio Augusto , Pai Enzo Dal , Ballarin Adriano Wagner , Guerra Saulo Phillipe Sebastião
Published: January 2021

The natural drying of fuelwood is a common practice to improve its quality and increase the efficiency in the biomass-based energy supply chain. The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of seasons on the physical and chemical properties of wood logs stored in piles for energy purposes. The logs of Eucalyptus urophylla were stored in two periods of 160 days each throughout the year, autumn–winter (dry season) and spring–summer (rainy season). During the 320 days, the moisture content of wood and the weather parameters were measured daily. After the natural drying, the moisture content (wet basis) of wood reached 29.6%, and there was an increase of 47.6% in the low heating value (12.4 MJ kg-1 wet basis) after the storage in the autumn–winter, which is the most suitable period for air–drying of logs. The rainy storage reduced the higher heating value of wood, which suggested a biological degradation of biomass.
The effect of different colored light emitting diode illumination on egg laying performance, egg qualities, blood hormone levels and behavior patterns in Brown Tsaiya duck
Authors: Su Chin-Hui , Cheng Chih-Hsiang , Lin Jung-Hsin , Liu Hsiu-Chou , Yu Yen-Ting , Lin Chai-Ching , Chen Wei-Jung
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different colors produced by light emitting diode (LED) on Brown Tsaiya ducks.Methods: A total of 144 female Brown Tsaiya ducks were randomly allocated into three individual cage rearing chambers with different LED illumination colors as treatments. Three different treatments were: i) white color, ii) blue color, and iii) red color. The experiment periods were from ducks 21 to 49 weeks of age, determined traits included i) egg laying performance, ii) feed intake, iii) egg shell breaking strength, iv) egg shell thickness, v) egg Haugh unit, vi) egg weight, vii) serum Estradiol and Progesterone concentration, and viii) behavior pattern.Results: The results indicated that when compared with white and blue color, red color could stimulate ducks sexual maturation and raised the egg laying performance. The red light group was also observed to have the highest feed intake among three treatments. The blue treatment had the lowest egg shell breaking strength and the highest egg weight among three treatments, nevertheless, no significant difference was observed among three treatments on egg shell thickness and egg Haugh unit. The red light group had higher serum estradiol concentration than the white and blue groups, but no significant difference among treatments on the serum Progesterone concentration was found. The results of behavior pattern indicated that red light group showed more feeding and less resting behavior compared to the blue light group.Conclusion: We found a potential of applying red light illumination in the indoor laying duck raising system with positive results on egg laying performance and acceptable egg weight, equivalent egg qualities compared to white and blue light.
Eine ‚neuerfundene Gießkunst‘. Johann Albrecht von Sprinzenstein, Erzherzog Ferdinand II. und militär- technische Erﬁ ndungen im Europa des 16. Jahrhunderts — A ‛Novel Art of Casting’ . Johann Albrecht von Sprinzenstein, Archduke Ferdinand II, and Technical Inventions for the Military in Sixteenth-Century Europe
Authors: Mutz Marius
Published: January 2021

Die Rolle technischer Experten der Vormoderne in Prozessen der Staatsbildung ist seit geraumer Zeit Gegenstand technik- und wissenshistorischer Forschung. Zuletzt wurde dabei die Notwendigkeit betont, die sozialen Kontexte und kon­kreten Verfahren, in welchen Wissen Herrschaftsrelevanz zugesprochen wurde, ebenso zu untersuchen wie die Strategien und Ziele der beteiligten Akteure. Auf dem Feld militärtechnischen Wissens konnten dies ebenso Handwerker wie Diplomaten sein. Im Fürstendienst erfüllten sie oftmals unterschiedliche Funktionen und verfolgten doch auch eigene, ganz anders gelagerte Ziele. Auch Johann Albrecht von Sprinzenstein (1543-1598) betätigte sich zu­gleich als Diplomat und als militärtechnischer Fachmann. Als Geheimer Rat Erzherzog Ferdinands II. von Österreich nutzte er die Kommunikationswege und die Autorität seines Dienstherren, um eine Erﬁndung zu bewerben, die große Vorteile in der Kriegführung versprach - eine neue Gusstechnik zur Halbierung des Gewichts von Kanonen. Der Beitrag vergleicht am Beispiel der Reaktionen Herzog Wilhelms V. von Bayern und der Republik Venedig den Erfolg der Versuche, die Erﬁndung im Jahr 1583 mit Hilfe von erzher­zoglichen Empfehlungsschreiben zu verkaufen und privilegieren zu lassen. Wurde die Anfrage in beiden Territorien auf unterschiedliche Weise geprüft, so wurden neben funktionalen Erwägungen doch jeweils auch die politisch­sozialen Beziehungen zum Erﬁnder und seinem Patron in die Beurteilung einbezogen. Während Wilhelm V., der Zweifel an der Erﬁndung hegte, aber Sprinzenstein als Diplomat schätzte, eine respektvolle Absage erteilte, stellte die Republik Venedig aufgrund der Beteiligung des Erzherzogs ein Privileg aus. Ferdinand selbst nutzte die Erﬁndung, um sich in der Fürstengesellschaft, welche die Beschäftigung mit technischem Wissen schätzte, als militärtech­nisch kompetenter Herrscher zu präsentieren.
Kurskorrekturen eines Technokraten. Die politische Rechtswendung des Nachrichtentechnikers und Zukunftsforschers Karl Steinbuch nach 1970 — Course Corrections of a Technocrat. The Rightist Turn of the Information Technologist and Futurologist Karl Steinbuch after 1970
Authors: Guhl Anton F.
Published: January 2021

Karl Steinbuch (1917-2005) war ein Pionier in der Computertechnik und einﬂussreich in Futurologie und Kybernetik. Als Entwicklungsleiter bei Standard Elektronik Lorenz meldete er zahlreiche Patente an und entwickelte als Professor an der TH Karlsruhe 1961 eines der ersten künstlichen neuronalen Netze. Zugleich äußerte sich Steinbuch über Jahrzehnte politisch - mit Bestsellern und Artikeln, in Rundfunksendungen und im Fernsehen. Als Wahlkampfhelfer von Willy Brandt war er zugleich wissenschaftlicher Berater der SPD, ehe es 1972 zum oﬀenen Konﬂikt kam. Steinbuch näherte sich zunächst der Union, dann nationalistischen Standpunkten an. In der Person von Karl Steinbuch kristallisieren verschiedene Dimensionen des Verhältnisses von Technik und Politik, Technokratie und technological fix. Die Untersuchung der Wortmeldungen des Technik-Intellektuellen eröﬀnet somit Perspektiven, wie technisch strukturiertes Denken Vorstellungen über Gesellschaft und Politik prägen kann. Zugleich zeigt sich, dass ein konstantes Technikverständnis keineswegs zu konstanten politischen Ansichten führt, wenngleich eine Nähe zu autoritärem Denken oﬀenbar wird. Der Aufsatz liefert zudem neue Hinweise zur Biograﬁe Steinbuchs, deren weitere Erforschung aufgrund seiner zentralen Rolle in der politischen Kultur des deutschen Südwestens als Desiderat gekennzeichnet wird.
The Establishment of IIT Madras. German Cold War Development Assistance and Engineering Education in India — Das IIT Madras. Deutsche Entwicklungshilfe und indische Ingenieurausbildung im Kalten Krieg
Authors: Wittje Roland
Published: January 2021

The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras was established between 1959 and 1974 with assistance of the Federal Republic of Germany, which was the largest West German enterprise in the ﬁeld of technical education abroad. The support consisted of German experts for teaching and in setting up laboratories and workshops. In this article, I argue that the engagement of the Federal Republic at IIT Madras must be understood primarily as a political project. The Federal Republic saw itself in direct competition with the Soviet Union, but also with the USA and the UK, which in turn supported the establishment of the IITs in Bombay, Kanpur and Delhi. While West Germany’s engagement had initially been motivated by inﬂuencing India’s position on divided post-war Germany, this changed towards the end of the 1960s to the vested interest of German policymakers in long-term scientiﬁc and technical cooperation. The German assistance was reoriented, from workshop-based engineering education to setting up a technological research university. Planning and policy were guided by political premises, to which the educational and scientiﬁc aspects were subordinate, and German staﬀ was controlled and restricted in its scientiﬁc freedom. The German faculty saw themselves confronted with implementing a project which had been politically predeﬁned as a successful Indo-German collaboration, by establishing meaningful research and engineering training. As a case study, the article contributes to the important history of aid in technical educational as part of Westas well as East German development aid during the Cold War, which so far has received little if any attention among historians.