bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of damage evolution in single‐lap and double‐lap bolted joints of carbon fiber reinforced polymer plates based on load distribution
Authors: Wang Haiyan , Feng Yan , Wang Qingchao , Yu Wanchun , Han Yan
Published: August 2024

It is important to study damage evolution as well as failure of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates bolted joints. Therefore, the quasi‐static tensile test on single‐lap and double‐lap CFRP plates bolted joints was conducted. Meanwhile, the tensile strength prediction model for titanium alloy bolted joint of CFRP plates was established based on the improved 3D Hashin failure criterion, then a theoretical model was proposed to accurately predict the load distributions and tilt angle of bolted joints. Thus, the load–displacement curves were divided into four stages, and load distributions at different stage points as well as the relationship between tilt angle of bolt and load variation were obtained. The damage evolution of single‐lap and double‐lap at different stage points was analyzed respectively, and failure mechanisms were revealed based on load distribution. The results show that the ultimate failure of single‐lap is caused by the intrusion of bolt head into CFRP plates, while double‐lap is caused by the compression deformation of central plate. The numerical simulation works are in high agreement with the experimental results.

Highlights

Calculate the load distribution at single‐lap and double‐lap bolted joints.

Obtain the relationship between bolts tilt angle and load variation.

Analysis of damage evolution in bolt‐hole wall of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) plates.

Using loads to reveal the failure mechanisms of single‐lap and double‐lap bolted joints of CFRP plates.
Preparation of aqueous silane‐graphene oxide co‐modified cellulose fibers/natural rubber composites via flash extrusion dispersion process
Authors: Li Xiangxu , Wu Lei , Lai Qingxiang , Xu Yifan , Wang He , Wang Chuansheng , Bian Huiguang
Published: August 2024

Cellulose fibers were modified via aqueous silane‐graphene oxide (GO) coordination by flash drying and extrusion dispersion process. The adsorption of GO reduced the polarity of the cellulose fiber surface and attenuated the agglomeration effect between the cellulose fibers, thus facilitating the dispersion of fibers in the rubber matrix. Adding aqueous 3‐aminopropylsilane oligomer (8150) incorporated active sites on the surface of cellulose fibers, thereby improving the interfacial binding properties of cellulose nano fibers (CNFs) and natural rubber (NR). After blending the modified CNFs with NR latex, high‐temperature flocculation was performed using an atomised flash device. Finally, CNF/NR was pre‐dispersed through a twin‐screw extruder, after which a CNF/NR masterbatch with excellent performance was prepared. Experimental results revealed that composites prepared using GO‐8150 via the flash drying‐twin‐screw dispersion process exhibited excellent dispersion characteristics, processing properties, mechanical properties, rolling resistance, wear resistance, and heat generation properties. Compared with traditional dry mixing, the composites prepared by flash drying‐twin‐screw dispersion process showed a 16.95% increase in tensile strength, 16.07% increase in 300% constant elongation, 19.01% reduction in abrasion consumption, 42.26% reduction in rolling resistance, and a reduction in the Payne effect. This study offers an efficient and environmentally friendly method for the high‐value utilization of natural fibers and the preparation of NR composites with excellent properties, while providing a green and nonpolluting modification process with no acidic liquid discharge.

Highlights

GO‐8150 reduces the polarity of the fibers and promotes dispersion.

The flash extrusion dispersion process achieves green flocculation.

42% lower rolling resistance for rubber composites.
Exploring Conformational Preferences in XC(W)ZY Molecules With X, Y = F, Cl, Br and W, Z = O, S, Se: Unraveling the Influence of Conjugative and Anomeric Interactions
Authors: Custodio Castro Michelle T. , Della Védova Carlos O. , Romano Rosana M.
Published: August 2024

The relative stabilities of the syn‐ and anti‐conformers of 72 molecules belonging to the XC(W)ZY type, with X, Y = F, Cl, Br and W, Z = O, S, Se, have been computed using the B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pVDZ approximation. The conformational preferences, represented by the energy differences between the two rotamers, exhibit a systematic trend in relation to both the halogen atoms and the chalcogen atoms. These computational predictions are in agreement with available experimental results. The NBO formalism was employed to assess the influence of both the conjugative and anomeric interactions on the relative energy of the conformers. It has been determined that the conjugative interaction provides a satisfactory explanation for the energy differences between rotamers. In contrast, the anomeric interactions favors the syn‐conformation in all cases. The relative stabilities between XC(W)ZY/YC(W)ZX and XC(W)ZY/XC(Z)WY constitutional isomers have also been computed and correlated with the experimental data.
Study of curing kinetics of 4‐ (dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene grafted HTPB and effect of catalysts by differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Hoque Ehtasimul , Ghosal Subhajit , Patil Rajendra S. , Jagadeeswar Rao T. V.
Published: August 2024

The cure kinetics of 4‐ (dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene grafted hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) with Isophorone diisocyante (IPDI) was investigated using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Furthermore, the catalytic effect of Iron (III) acetylacetonate (Fe(AA)3) and Dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) on the curing reaction was studied. The experimental data was fitted to Kissinger and Ozawa models, and the kinetic parameters were expressed as Arrhenius activation energy (E), pre‐exponential factor (A) and rate constants. The Crane model was explored to determine the reaction order of the curing reaction. The study categorically showed that the activation energy of the curing reaction with 4‐ (dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene grafted HTPB is higher as compared to the pure hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) based system. However, the rate of curing reaction is higher with 4‐ (dimethylsilyl) butyl ferrocene grafted HTPB as compared to HTPB, and the viscosity build‐up data is too aligned with the DSC kinetic study. In addition, both catalysts increased the rate of the curing reaction but Fe(AA)3 displayed a superior catalytic effect.
Metabolism of 2,4‐D in plants: comparative analysis of metabolic detoxification pathways in tolerant crops and resistant weeds
Authors: Torra Joel , Alcántara‐de la Cruz Ricardo , de Figueiredo Marcelo Rodrigues Alves , Gaines Todd A. , Jugulam Mithila , Merotto Aldo , Palma‐Bautista Candelario , Rojano‐Delgado Antonia M. , Riechers Dean E.
Published: August 2024

The commercialization of 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) latifolicide in 1945 marked the beginning of the selective herbicide market, with this active ingredient playing a pivotal role among commercial herbicides due to the natural tolerance of monocots compared with dicots. Due to its intricate mode of action, involving interactions within endogenous auxin signaling networks, 2,4‐D was initially considered a low‐risk herbicide to evolve weed resistance. However, the intensification of 2,4‐D use has contributed to the emergence of 2,4‐D‐resistant broadleaf weeds, challenging earlier beliefs. This review explores 2,4‐D tolerance in crops and evolved resistance in weeds, emphasizing an in‐depth understanding of 2,4‐D metabolic detoxification. Nine confirmed 2,4‐D‐resistant weed species, driven by rapid metabolism, highlight cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in Phase I and glycosyltransferases in Phase II as key enzymes. Resistance to 2,4‐D may also involve impaired translocation associated with mutations in auxin/indole‐3‐acetic acid (Aux/IAA) co‐receptor genes. Moreover, temperature variations affect 2,4‐D efficacy, with high temperatures increasing herbicide metabolism rates and reducing weed control, while drought stress did not affect 2,4‐D efficacy. Research on 2,4‐D resistance has primarily focused on non‐target‐site resistance (NTSR) mechanisms, including 2,4‐D metabolic detoxification, with limited exploration of the inheritance and genetic basis underlying these traits. Resistance to 2,4‐D in weeds is typically governed by a single gene, either dominant or incompletely dominant, raising questions about gain‐of‐function or loss‐of‐function mutations that confer resistance. Future research should unravel the physiological and molecular‐genetic basis of 2,4‐D NTSR, exploring potential cross‐resistance patterns and assessing fitness costs that may affect future evolution of auxin‐resistant weeds. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Solid‐State Quantum Emitters
Authors: Fox A. Mark
Published: August 2024

This perspective gives a tutorial overview of the development of solid‐state quantum emitters over the past three decades, focusing on the key parameters that are used to assess their performance for applications in quantum photonics. Specifically, it covers single‐photon purity and indistinguishability, source brightness, and on‐demand operation. The perspective includes a brief comparison of different material systems and concludes with a discussion of challenges that remain to be solved.
Proposed Scheme for a Cavity‐Based Quantum Battery
Authors: Hadipour Maryam , Haseli Soroush , Wang Dong , Haddadi Saeed
Published: August 2024

A scheme for quantum batteries consisting of an atom‐cavity interacting system under a structured reservoir in the non‐Markovian regime is proposed. A multi‐parameter regime for the cavity‐reservoir coupling and reveal how these parameters affect the performance of the quantum battery is investigated. Specifically, how two distinct types of environments impact the charging process of the quantum battery from a memory perspective is examined. The findings indicate that in a memory‐influenced environment, both the stored energy and the extractable work are higher compared to when the cavity interacts with a memory‐less environment. This proposed scheme is simple and may be achievable for realization and implementation.
Superconducting Properties of Layered Chalocogenides 1T$1T$‐RhSeTe
Authors: Patra Chandan , Agarwal Tarushi , Arushi  , Manna Poulami , Bhatt Neeraj , Singh Ravi Shankar , Singh Ravi Prakash
Published: August 2024

Platinum‐group transition‐metal dichalcogenides have emerged as a subject of considerable interest in condensed matter physics because of their remarkable topological properties and unconventional superconducting behavior. In this study, the synthesis and superconducting characteristics of a layered chalcogenide RhSeTe crystallized in the 1‐structure, known for hosting materials with nontrivial topology characteristics are reported. RhSeTe exhibits type‐II superconductivity, with a superconducting transition temperature of 4.72 K and a high upper critical field  4.06(7) T.
Quantum Architecture Search with Neural Predictor Based on Graph Measures
Authors: He Zhimin , Li Zhengjiang , Deng Maijie , Zheng Shenggen , Situ Haozhen , Li Lvzhou
Published: August 2024

Quantum architecture search (QAS) has attracted increasing attention owing to its remarkable ability to automate the design of quantum circuits for variational quantum algorithms (VQAs). However, evaluating the performance of numerous quantum circuits is essential to provide feedback for the search strategy, which inevitably renders QAS computationally expensive. Performance predictors have emerged as highly efficient evaluation methods to mitigate this challenge. However, the performance predictor faces a critical challenge in reducing the required number of circuit‐performance pairs for training. This study encodes circuit architecture by representing a quantum circuit as a relational graph that emphasizes message exchange. Subsequently, valuable information about circuit architecture is extracted through three types of graph measures, including distance‐based, degree‐based, and cluster‐based measures. The graph measures define a smooth space related to circuit performance, facilitating the training of the performance predictor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is assessed across three tasks within variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE): identifying the ground states of the Transverse Field Ising Model (TFIM), the Heisenberg model, and the molecule. The simulation results demonstrate notable enhancements in predictive accuracy achieved by our method, coupled with a substantial reduction in the required number of training samples for the predictor.
Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting with pulmonary artery compression symptoms, case reports
Authors: Habib Mhd Baraa , Ali Khaled , Fael Mohamad , Sabbagh Bana , Basrak Mohamad Talal , Alkhalaila Osama , Alshurafa Awni
Published: August 2024

Mediastinal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBC) may manifest in different presentations including systemic symptoms and local mass symptoms. We report two cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma presenting with pulmonary artery compression symptoms. The first case is of a 38‐year‐old Asian man which mimicked pulmonary embolism, and the second one is of a 27‐year‐old Asian woman who presented with fainting and respiratory symptoms due to local mass effect. Both cases were significantly improved after treatment. Local mass effect symptoms may be the first clinical presentation in DLBC lymphoma and should not be overlooked.
Active impedance control based adaptive locomotion for a bionic hexapod robot
Authors: Zhu Yaguang , Liu Chunchao , Yuan Pengfei , Li Dong
Published: August 2024

In recent years, with the continuous development of human exploration of the natural world, there has been a growing demand across various fields for robots capable of free movement in diverse environments. In this study, we address the issue of compliant control for a hexapod robot in diverse environments and propose a novel control method based on an adaptive impedance model for position control. Our approach enables the hexapod robot to stabilize foot force on complex terrains while preserving balance and body height. Specifically, we analyze the algorithm's parameters and stability by establishing the hexapod robot's structural and impedance control models. To tackle this challenge, we introduce an adaptive impedance control algorithm that estimates environmental parameters using Lyapunov's asymptotic stability theorem and achieves tracking of actual foot‐end forces to desired foot forces. Furthermore, to ensure body stability and height, we incorporate attitude feedback and body feedback. Experimental results from foot force control experiments conducted on a multilegged robot demonstrate that our proposed algorithm enhances the adaptability and robustness of the robot. This research holds significant implications for the stable control of hexapod robots in complex environments and has promising practical applications.
Sustainability in Agave tequilana weber farming: A life cycle assessment
Authors: Morales García Adrián Salvador , García‐Alcaraz Jorge Luis , Blanco Fernández Julio , Martínez Cámara Eduardo
Published: August 2024

Tequila is a popular alcoholic beverage made from Agave tequilana weber. This study presents a cradle‐to‐gate life cycle assessment (LCA) of the farming process of A. tequilana weber used in tequila production. Real data obtained from plantations at different stages of growth and maturation were used to evaluate the environmental impacts of the four stages of the farming process: land preparation and planting, nutrition, weed and pest control, and harvest and transport. Results showed that the production of one tonne of A. tequilana weber pineapple generates 11.85 kg CO2 eq, with the weed and pest control stages having the highest impact and the nutrition stage having the lowest impact. This study contributes significantly to the current understanding of the environmental impact of tequila production and provides insights into the sustainability of the farming process of A. tequilana weber.
The Clinical and Dermatoscopic Features of Penile Pigmentation in Men with Genital Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: James Mariel L. , Kravvas Georgios , Lallas Aimilios , Bunker Chris B.
Published: August 2024

Background

Benign male genital pigmentation is a confusing field with poorly defined terminology. This entity is frequently encountered in our male genital lichen sclerosus (MGLSc) cohort and suggests an association with prior inflammation, however there is a limited literature on the topic.

Objectives

This paper describes the attributes of 21 patients with MGLSc and features of benign genital pigmentation, reviews the existing literature on benign male genital pigmentation and makes recommendations for better practice.

Methods

We prospectively identified 21 patients with MGLSc and clinical diagnoses of benign penile pigmentation who attended specialist male genital dermatoses clinics. Relevant findings were abstracted from clinical notes, outpatient letters, medical photographs, dermatoscopic images and histological reports.

Results

The clinical features of this cohort are discussed and the dermatoscopic images analysed. 15 of 21 patients were followed up for over 2 years and all of these had stable appearance of pigmentation. 87% reported pigmentation to have emerged after the onset of MGLSc symptoms, with latency ranging from one to over 25 years. The terms lentiginosis, melanosis, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation are discussed in context of the existing literature.

Conclusions

We propose that genital lentiginosis and melanosis are clinically indistinguishable macroscopically and are on a clinical and histopathological spectrum. Although there is a compelling narrative that genital melanosis is most often truly benign, there is also emerging evidence to suggest an increased risk of penile melanoma in patients with MGLSc. Furthermore, pigmented lesions in MGLSc can portray concerning morphological features even when benign. A low threshold for biopsy and follow-up is thus warranted.
First‐Principles Calculation and In Situ Observation on the Precipitation of Inclusions during Solidification of a High Sulfur Steel
Authors: Yang Haixin , Ren Ying , Wang Jinshu , Zhang Lifeng
Published: August 2024

The precipitation process of inclusions in the high sulfur steel with the cerium addition is observed using the high‐temperature confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM). Rare earth (Re) inclusions formed in the molten steel, and MnS inclusions precipitate along grain boundaries or on oxide cores at the end of solidification. With the addition of cerium, the average aspect ratio of inclusions in the steel decreases from 6.5 to 5.0, and the addition of cerium effectively modifies the elongated MnS. Thermodynamic calculations show the inclusion transformation during solidification, yet it lacked the formation of Ce2O2S and Re sulfides. According to the first‐principles calculation, the priority of the inclusion formation was Ce2O3 > CeAlO3, Ce2O2S > CeS > Ce3S4 > MnS. The stability of MnS inclusions is much lower than that of cerium‐containing inclusions. It is in situ observed that the addition of cerium promotes the formation of cerium‐containing inclusions and reduces the precipitation of MnS in the high sulfur steel.
The contemporary context and complex challenges of preventing hazing
Authors: Biddix J. Patrick , Perlow Emily , Flavin Hailey , Simeon Akeya
Published: August 2024

Hazing is a longstanding tradition within student groups at American middle schools, high schools, and colleges. The pursuit of acceptance leads young adults to endure physical, mental, or emotional abuse through tolerated behaviors. In this article, we define hazing in the context of the secondary and college setting, exploring some of the reasons why hazing occurs and is tacitly permitted. We also discuss the challenges in preventing and eliminating hazing, providing recommendations for institutional leaders to consider when approaching hazing prevention.
Addressing hazing using a horizontal campus hazing model and matrix
Authors: Sasso Pietro A. , Joyce Brian , Veldkamp Stevan J.
Published: August 2024

The Piazza Center Horizontal Hazing Model conceptualizes the ways in which hazing transitions from pre‐college environments into higher education and across student constructed spaces such as student organizations or sorority and fraternity chapters. Hazing is multi‐tiered, occurring at individual, organizational, and community levels. This model helps practitioners better understand where to target interventions to disrupt hazing.
Analyzing hazing intervention and prevention responses through case studies
Authors: Veldkamp Stevan J. , Walker Jenny , Cangialosi William , Batey Benjamin
Published: August 2024

Hazing is a growing concern in US middle schools, high schools, and colleges. As more is understood about the complex phenomenon, so are strategies to prevent its occurrence and the cultures supporting it. This article reviews and critiques prevention strategies in four case studies set in high school, college, and student organization settings. A multi‐layered and multifaceted approach offers the most significant opportunity for impact when approaching hazing prevention.
Green communication systems via a wavefront multiplexing technique
Authors: Yeh Hen‐Geul , Lee Joe
Published: August 2024

A green communication scheme using an orthogonal wavefront (WF) multiplexing (Muxing) scheme spatially combined with orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques is proposed. It forms a spatial WF OFDM transceiver. The WF Muxing technique serves as the preprocessing and postprocessing method of the WF OFDM transceiver. With coordinated multiple point forward transmission, this spatial WF OFDM system establishes a communication network. It can be applied to multiple base stations (BSs) with down links to single or multiple mobile units (MUs). Although signals are received non‐coherently due to different distances between BSs and MUs, they can be compensated and coherently combined via adaptive equalizers at MUs. This is achieved by using pilot signals with an optimization method at the receiver of MUs. Simulation results demonstrate that the WF OFDM scheme obtains the same bit error rate (BER) as predicted by theory in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Moreover, the required effective equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) from BSs to the MUs is significantly reduced due to multiple non‐coherent transmission. Accordingly, the interference to adjacent frequency bands’ signals will be low. This green communication network is achieved via the combination of WF Muxing, OFDM, and optimization at the receiver together. More investigations are needed to show that this WF OFDM transceiver can be applied to frequency selective mobile fading channels.
Study on Conflict Management and Resolution for Urban Shared Parking Based on Multi‐Source Data
Authors: Xiong Jianqiang , Jian Shaoyong , Xiao Chuncai , Zhu Shuangxia , Wu Guangsheng
Published: August 2024

Urban car ownership in China is fast increasing as the country's urbanization rate and purchasing power improve. Parking difficulties have become one of the key factors affecting and constraining the efficiency of urban economic and social operations. Shared parking is an efficient strategy for addressing urban parking challenges and increasing parking space use. A thorough analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of conflict events in the process of urban shared parking. Based on the conflict information feedback, a dynamic model was proposed in this study for managing and adjusting the access authorization of shared parking spaces. In urban residential settings, this model helps to optimize and reliably control the sharing rate. Furthermore, this study suggested a conflict resolution strategy based on the priority of occupancy rights in response to the main causes of different kinds of shared parking conflicts. This will help to achieve a fair resolution of shared parking conflicts, increase residents' willingness and satisfaction with the shared parking model, and ultimately support the sustainable growth of urban shared parking. The management mechanism and conflict resolution method proposed in this study offer a technological basis for the effective administration and implementation of urban shared parking. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Emerging Market Vaccine Manufacturers: Untapped Potential for Improving Health and Social Outcomes Globally
Authors: Hayman Benoit , Petty Jeffrey S.
Published: August 2024

The suboptimal level of vaccine research and development globally contributes to millions of people losing their lives to vaccine‐preventable diseases each year, the vast majority of whom live in developing countries. Vaccine manufacturers based in developing countries are increasingly participating in vaccine research and development to improve the availability of these life‐saving vaccine products. To understand the extent to which these emerging market vaccine manufacturers can contribute to global vaccine research and development, and thus improve health and societal outcomes, we examined the capabilities, priorities, and strategies of these organizations. We identified that emerging market manufacturers often engage in partnerships and solicit external support to alleviate the technical and financial hurdles associated with the complexity and cost of vaccine development. Focusing on unmet medical needs facilitates emerging market manufacturers' access to partners and external support and is critical in establishing a reputation in the global vaccine research and development ecosystem.
Enhancing epoxy composite materials through lime‐treated sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber reinforcement: Morphological, mechanical, and flame‐retardant insights
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Oanh Doan Thi Yen , Van Ngo Thuy , Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong , Nguyen Minh Viet , Nguyen Thi Huong , Bui Thi Thu Trang , Le Thi Hong Nhung , Nguyen Manh Ha , Nguyen Quang Tung
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the utilization of sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber to reinforce epoxy composites, enhancing both mechanical and fire resistance properties. Initially, bagasse is collected, sun‐dried, and finely ground before being treated with lime water at concentrations of 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight. The treated bagasse is then mixed with epoxy resin and a hardening agent, followed by a curing process. For samples incorporating glass fibers, the fibers are manually integrated and cured similarly. The methodology involved detailed preparation of the bagasse, its treatment, and subsequent integration with epoxy resin. The mixture was processed under controlled conditions to ensure uniformity and quality. Mechanical properties such as tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, and impact resistance were measured. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was employed to assess thermal stability, while fire resistance was evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the 94‐V test method. Results demonstrated significant improvements in both mechanical and thermal properties with the addition of bagasse and glass fibers. The optimal treatment was identified at a 5% lime water concentration, yielding a tensile strength of 295.08 MPa, flexural strength of 371.24 MPa, compressive strength of 255.39 MPa, and Izod impact strength of 157.04 kJ/m2. TGA results showed the highest thermal stability at 5% concentration, with decomposition temperatures peaking at 402.52 °C. Fire resistance was markedly enhanced, achieving an LOI of 29.8% and meeting V2 level standards according to the 94‐V test method. In conclusion, treating sugarcane bagasse with a 5% lime water solution significantly enhances the mechanical and fire‐resistant properties of epoxy composites. The combination of sugarcane bagasse and glass fiber creates a robust material with high thermal stability and fire resistance, making it a viable option for applications requiring these enhanced properties.
Wind Speed‐Up in Wind Farm Wakes Quantified From Satellite SAR and Mesoscale Modeling
Authors: Hasager Charlotte Bay , Imber James , Fischereit Jana , Fujita Aito , Dimitriadou Krystallia , Badger Merete
Published: August 2024

Satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides ocean surface wind fields at 10 m above sea level. The objective is to investigate the capability of SAR satellite StriX observations for mapping offshore wind farm wakes. The focus is on the conditions under which an apparent wind speed‐up is generated, measured in 48% of the 67 images available. The results compare well to Sentinel‐1 observations, showing a 34% wind speed‐up rate during several years based on 1171 images. Three wind speed‐up cases have been studied in detail using the mesoscale Weather, Research, and Forecasting (WRF) model with two wind farm parameterizations. At 10 m above sea level, the SAR‐based observations and WRF model compare for most cases, though only when turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is included in the wind farm parameterization. The TKE mixes higher momentum downward in a stable atmosphere, causing surface wind speed‐up near the surface.
Integrating vision‐based AI and large language models for real‐time water pollution surveillance
Authors: Samuel Dinesh Jackson , Sermet Yusuf , Cwiertny David , Demir Ibrahim
Published: August 2024

Water pollution has become a major concern in recent years, affecting over 2 billion people worldwide, according to UNESCO. This pollution can occur by either naturally, such as algal blooms, or man‐made when toxic substances are released into water bodies like lakes, rivers, springs, and oceans. To address this issue and monitor surface‐level water pollution in local water bodies, an informative real‐time vision‐based surveillance system has been developed in conjunction with large language models (LLMs). This system has an integrated camera connected to a Raspberry Pi for processing input frames and is further linked to LLMs for generating contextual information regarding the type, causes, and impact of pollutants on both human health and the environment. This multi‐model setup enables local authorities to monitor water pollution and take necessary steps to mitigate it. To train the vision model, seven major types of pollutants found in water bodies like algal bloom, synthetic foams, dead fishes, oil spills, wooden logs, industrial waste run‐offs, and trashes were used for achieving accurate detection. ChatGPT API has been integrated with the model to generate contextual information about pollution detected. Thus, the multi‐model system can conduct surveillance over water bodies and autonomously alert local authorities to take immediate action, eliminating the need for human intervention.

Practitioner Points

Combines cameras and LLMs with Raspberry Pi for processing and generating pollutant information.

Uses YOLOv5 to detect algal blooms, synthetic foams, dead fish, oil spills, and industrial waste.

Supports various modules and environments, including drones and mobile apps for broad monitoring.

Educates on environmental healthand alerts authorities about water pollution.
Ethnographic Film, Fourth Cinema and Situated Knowledge Practices—from Colonial Film to Collaborative Research
Authors: Bee Julia
Published: August 2024

The text attempts to understand the development of collaborative audiovisual knowledge practices in anthropology as situated and diffractive knowledge (Haraway, Barad, Smith). By considering specific stages in the history of collaborative and participatory projects, the article argues that collaborative filmmaking is not only a decentering of one-sided authorship and one-sided modes of representation, but also a media-specific form of knowledge that is bound to and embedded in social contexts. Through the example of colonial film, the article describes stations of demarcation and attempts to decolonize film. Current film experiments with marginalized groups have their origins in “shared anthropologies” (Rouch) and have further developed this approach through more consistent forms of Fourth Cinema and power sharing with Indigenous communities. Film is thus also able to depict amateur knowledge practices within collaborative research projects.
Pre-stroke Functional Status in Patients Undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy: How Relevant Are False Estimations in the Emergency Setting?
Authors: Hasl Marian Maximilian , Pinho João , Baldus Sophie Gina , Gerhards Anna , Wiesmann Martin , Schulz Jörg B. , Reich Arno , Nikoubashman Omid
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The modified Rankin scale (mRS) is frequently used in the emergency setting to estimate pre-stroke functional status in stroke patients who are candidates to acute revascularization therapies (ps-mRS). We aimed to describe the agreement between pre-stroke mRS evaluated in the emergency department (ED-ps-mRS) and pre-stroke mRS evaluated comprehensively post-admission (PA-ps-mRS).

Methods

Retrospective study of consecutive ischemic stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy, with available ED-ps-mRS and PA-ps-mRS. ED-ps-mRS was evaluated by the treating neurologist and documented in the emergency stroke treatment protocol. PA-ps-mRS was retrospectively evaluated with information registered in the clinical record. Collection of baseline characteristics and 3‑month outcomes. Patients with ED-overestimated pre-stroke functional status (ED ps-mRS ≤ 2 and PA-ps-mRS ≥ 3) were compared to correct low and high ED-ps-mRS groups.

Results

We included 409 patients (median age 77 years, 50% female, median NIHSS 14). Concordance of dichotomized ED-ps-mRS and PA-ps-mRS (0–2 vs. 3–5) was found in 81.4% (Cohen’s kappa = 0.476, p < 0.001). ED-overestimated pre-stroke functional status was found in 69 patients (17%). Patients with ED-overestimated pre-stroke functional status were older (p < 0.001), more frequently presented diabetes (p < 0.001), previous stroke (p = 0.014) and less frequently presented 3‑month functional independence (p < 0.001) compared to patients with correct low ED-ps-mRS. No differences in pre-stroke baseline characteristics between overestimated and correct high ED-ps-mRS was found.

Conclusion

Disagreement between dichotomized ED-ps-mRS and PA-ps-mRS (0–2 vs. 3–5) occurred in 1/5 of patients. Overestimation of pre-stroke functional status may falsely reduce the expected proportion of patients achieving favourable 3‑month functional outcomes.
Conversion chemoradiotherapy combined with nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin in patients with locally advanced borderline-resectable or unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a phase i/ii prospective cohort study
Authors: Yu Nuo , Chen Xiankai , Li Jiao , Kang Xiaozheng , Wang Zhen , Zhang Ruixiang , Qin Jianjun , Li Yong , Zheng Qingfeng , Feng Guojie , Deng Lei , Zhang Tao , Wang Wenqing , Liu Wenyang , Wang Jianyang , Feng Qinfu , Lv Jima , Zhou Zongmei , Xiao Zefen , Bi Nan , Li Yin , Wang Xin
Published: August 2024

Background

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin as the regimen of conversional chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) in locally advanced borderline resectable or unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

Patients with locally advanced ESCC (cT3‑4, Nany, M0‑1, M1 was limited to lymph node metastasis in the supraclavicular area) were enrolled. All the patients received the cCRT of nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin. After the cCRT, those resectable patients received esophagectomy; those unresectable patients continued to receive the definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). The locoregional control (LRC), overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), distant metastasis free survival (DMFS), pathological complete response (pCR), R0 resection rate, adverse events (AEs) and postoperative complications were calculated.

Results

45 patients with ESCC treated from October 2019 to May 2021 were finally included. The median follow-up time was 30.3 months. The LRC, OS, EFS, DMFS at 1 and 2 years were 81.5%, 86.6%, 64.3%, 73.2 and 72.4%, 68.8%, 44.8%, 52.7% respectively. 21 patients (46.7%) received conversional chemoradiotherapy plus surgery (cCRT+S). The pCR rate and R0 resection rate were 47.6 and 84.0%. The LRC rate at 1 and 2 years were 95.0%, 87.1% in cCRT+S patitents and 69.3%, 58.7% in dCRT patients respectively (HR, 5.14; 95%CI, 1.10–23.94; P = 0.021). The toxicities during chemoradiotherapy were tolerated, and the most common grade 3–4 toxicitiy was radiation esophagitis (15.6%). The most common postoperative complication was pleural effusion (38.1%) and no grade ≥ IIIb complications were observed.

Conclusion

nab-paclitaxel plus cisplatin are safe as the regimen of conversional chemoradiotherapy of ESCC.
Self-powered wearable biosensor based on stencil-printed carbon nanotube electrodes for ethanol detection in sweat
Authors: Marchianò Verdiana , Tricase Angelo , Macchia Eleonora , Bollella Paolo , Torsi Luisa
Published: August 2024

Herein we introduce a novel water-based graphite ink modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, designed for the development of the first wearable self-powered biosensor enabling alcohol abuse detection through sweat analysis. The stencil-printed graphite (SPG) electrodes, printed onto a flexible substrate, were modified by casting multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), electrodepositing polymethylene blue (pMB) at the anode to serve as a catalyst for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation, and hemin at the cathode as a selective catalyst for H2O2 reduction. Notably, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was additionally physisorbed onto the anodic electrode, and alcohol oxidase (AOx) onto the cathodic electrode. The self-powered biosensor was assembled using the ADH/pMB-MWCNTs/SPG||AOx/Hemin-MWCNTs/SPG configuration, enabling the detection of ethanol as an analytical target, both at the anodic and cathodic electrodes. Its performance was assessed by measuring polarization curves with gradually increasing ethanol concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 mM. The biosensor demonstrated a linear detection range from 0.01 to 0.3 mM, with a detection limit (LOD) of 3 ± 1 µM and a sensitivity of 64 ± 2 μW mM−1, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 (RSD 8.1%, n = 10 electrode pairs). It exhibited robust operational stability (over 2800 s with continuous ethanol turnover) and excellent storage stability (approximately 93% of initial signal retained after 90 days). Finally, the biosensor array was integrated into a wristband and successfully evaluated for continuous alcohol abuse monitoring. This proposed system displays promising attributes for use as a flexible and wearable biosensor employing biocompatible water-based inks, offering potential applications in forensic contexts.

Graphical Abstract

A novel water-based graphite ink modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes designed for the development of a wearable self-powered biosensor enabling alcohol abuse detection through sweat analysis.
Feasibility Study for the Use of Gene Electrotransfer and Cell Electrofusion as a Single-Step Technique for the Generation of Activated Cancer Cell Vaccines
Authors: Ušaj Marko , Pavlin Mojca , Kandušer Maša
Published: August 2024

Cell-based therapies hold great potential for cancer immunotherapy. This approach is based on manipulation of dendritic cells to activate immune system against specific cancer antigens. For the development of an effective cell vaccine platform, gene transfer, and cell fusion have been used for modification of dendritic or tumor cells to express immune (co)stimulatory signals and to load dendritic cells with tumor antigens. Both, gene transfer and cell fusion can be achieved by single technique, a cell membrane electroporation. The cell membrane exposed to external electric field becomes temporarily permeable, enabling introduction of genetic material, and also fusogenic, enabling the fusion of cells in the close contact. We tested the feasability of combining gene electrotransfer and electrofusion into a single-step technique and evaluated the effects of electroporation buffer, pulse parameters, and cell membrane fluidity for single or combined method of gene delivery or cell fusdion. We determined the percentage of fused cells expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP) in a murine cell model of melanoma B16F1, cell line used in our previous studies. Our results suggest that gene electrotransfer and cell electrofusion can be applied in a single step. The percentage of viable hybrid cells expressing GFP depends on electric pulse parameters and the composition of the electroporation buffer. Furthermore, our results suggest that cell membrane fluidity is not related to the efficiency of the gene electrotransfer and electrofusion. The protocol is compatible with microfluidic devices, however further optimization of electric pulse parameters and buffers is still needed.

Graphical Abstract
The Rees quotient monoid M(abba) generates a variety with uncountably many subvarieties
Authors: Glasson Daniel
Published: August 2024

We utilise directed graphs called isoterm graphs to show that the variety generated by M(abba) has continuum many subvarieties.
Elevated Heavy Metal(loid) Blood and Feather Concentrations in Wetland Birds from Different Trophic Levels Indicate Exposure to Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Bjedov Dora , Bernal-Alviz Jorge , Buelvas-Soto Jorge Andrés , Jurman Laura Ana , Marrugo-Negrete José Luis
Published: August 2024

The research assessed the exposure to total mercury (THg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in Colombian wetland species of different trophic levels Platalea ajaja, Dendrocygna autumnalis and Nannopterum brasilianus. The results show high THg blood levels in P. ajaja (811.00 ± 349.60 µg L–1) and N. brasilianus (209.50 ± 27.92 µg L–1) with P. ajaja possibly exhibiting adverse effects. Blood Pb concentration was high in D. autumnalis (212.00 ± 208.10 µg L–1) and above the threshold for adverse effects, suggesting subclinical poisoning. Levels of blood As were below the assumed threshold for detrimental effect (20 μg L−1). The mean concentration of feather THg was below the assumed natural background levels (5 µg g−1) for all three species. Feather Pb levels exceeded the levels for assumed threshold effects in all sampled N. brasilianus (7.40 ± 0.51 µg g–1). Results for feather As concentration were below the threshold for adverse impacts in all species, although a positive correlation between As and THg concentrations was detected in P. ajaja feathers. The overall results could help understand how metal(loid)s biomagnify through trophic levels and how wetland species may serve as environmental indicators. By exploring the interactions of metal(loid)s within different matrices and body, this study offers insights into the dynamics of contaminant accumulation and distribution in the environment. This concept can be applied to wetlands worldwide, where bird species can serve as indicators of ecosystem health and the presence of contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids.
Outcome prediction based on [18F]FDG PET/CT in patients with pleural mesothelioma treated with ipilimumab and nivolumab +/- UV1 telomerase vaccine
Authors: Thunold Solfrid , Hernes Eivor , Farooqi Saima , Öjlert Åsa Kristina , Francis Roslyn J. , Nowak Anna K. , Szejniuk Weronika Maria , Nielsen Søren Steen , Cedres Susana , Perdigo Marc Simo , Sørensen Jens Benn , Meltzer Carin , Mikalsen Lars Tore Gyland , Helland Åslaug , Malinen Eirik , Haakensen Vilde Drageset
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The introduction of immunotherapy in pleural mesothelioma (PM) has highlighted the need for effective outcome predictors. This study explores the role of [18F]FDG PET/CT in predicting outcomes in PM treated with immunotherapy.

Methods

Patients from the NIPU trial, receiving ipilimumab and nivolumab +/- telomerase vaccine in second-line, were included. [18F]FDG PET/CT was obtained at baseline (n = 100) and at week-5 (n = 76). Metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and peak standardised uptake value (SUVpeak) were evaluated in relation to survival outcomes. Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess differences in MTV, total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) and SUVpeak between patients exhibiting an objective response, defined as either partial response or complete response according to the modified Response Criteria in Solid Tumours (mRECIST) and immune RECIST (iRECIST), and non-responders, defined as either stable disease or progressive disease as their best overall response.

Results

Univariate Cox regression revealed significant associations of MTV with OS (HR 1.36, CI: 1.14, 1.62, p < 0.001) and PFS (HR 1.18, CI: 1.03, 1.34, p = 0.02), while multivariate analysis showed a significant association with OS only (HR 1.35, CI: 1.09, 1.68, p = 0.007). While SUVpeak was not significantly associated with OS or PFS in univariate analyses, it was significantly associated with OS in multivariate analysis (HR 0.43, CI: 0.23, 0.80, p = 0.008). Objective responders had significant reductions in TLG, SUVmax and SUVpeak at week-5.

Conclusion

MTV provides prognostic value in PM treated with immunotherapy. High SUVpeak was not associated with inferior outcomes, which could be attributed to the distinct mechanisms of immunotherapy. Early reductions in PET metrics correlated with treatment response.

Study registration

The NIPU trial (NCT04300244) is registered at clinicaltrials.gov. https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04300244?cond=Pleural+Mesothelioma&cntry=NO&draw=2&rank=4
Computation of random time-shift distributions for stochastic population models
Authors: Morris Dylan , Maclean John , Black Andrew J.
Published: August 2024

Even in large systems, the effect of noise arising from when populations are initially small can persist to be measurable on the macroscale. A deterministic approximation to a stochastic model will fail to capture this effect, but it can be accurately approximated by including an additional random time-shift to the initial conditions. We present a efficient numerical method to compute this time-shift distribution for a large class of stochastic models. The method relies on differentiation of certain functional equations, which we show can be effectively automated by deriving rules for different types of model rates that arise commonly when mass-action mixing is assumed. Explicit computation of the time-shift distribution can be used to build a practical tool for the efficient generation of macroscopic trajectories of stochastic population models, without the need for costly stochastic simulations. Full code is provided to implement the calculations and we demonstrate the method on an epidemic model and a model of within-host viral dynamics.
A branch and cut algorithm to optimize a weighted sum-of-ratios in multiobjective mixed-integer fractional programming
Authors: Costa João Paulo , Alves Maria João
Published: August 2024

Multiobjective linear fractional programming is useful to model multiobjective problems where all or some of the objective functions are a ratio or proportion of one linear/affine function to another linear/affine function. In practice, many of such problems include integer variables. If the weighted-sum scalarization is used to compute efficient solutions to the multiobjective problem, then the scalar problem to be solved for each weight vector turns out to be a weighted sum-of-ratios. There are several algorithms reported in the literature to optimize weighted sum-of-ratios, but almost all of them cannot deal with integer variables. In this paper we propose a Branch & Cut algorithm to optimize weighted-sums of the objective functions in multiobjective mixed integer fractional programming (MOMIFP). Several theoretical properties that support the algorithm are presented and proved. Computational experiments with randomly generated general problems are presented and discussed, which show that the algorithm is able to deal with practical MOMIFP problems.