bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutrition during pregnancy: Influence on the gut microbiome and fetal development
Authors: Barrientos Gabriela , Ronchi Francesca , Conrad Melanie L.
Published: December 2023

Pregnancy is a finely tuned process, with the health and well‐being of the developing fetus determined by the metabolic status and dietary intake of the mother. The maternal gut microbiome is remodeled during pregnancy, and this, coupled with the maternal nutrient intake during gestation shapes the production of metabolites that can cross the placenta and affect fetal development. As posited by the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis, such environmental influences can have major effects on the developing organ systems. When occurring at particularly sensitive gestational time points, these developmental programming events can have long lasting effects on offspring adaptation to the postnatal environment, and major health implications later in life. This review will summarize current knowledge on how pregnancy and maternal dietary intake intrinsically and extrinsically modify maternal gut microbiota composition and metabolite production. Further, we will assess how these factors shape the fetal landscape and ultimately contribute to offspring health.

DOHaD, fetal development, metabolites, microbiome, nutrition, pregnancy, short‐chain fatty acids
Changing patterns in the epidemiology of drug allergy
Authors: Doña Immaculada , Torres Maria Jose , Celik Gulfem , Phillips Elizabeth , Tanno Luciana Kase , Castells Mariana
Published: December 2023

Drug allergy (DA) remains a complex and unaddressed problem worldwide that often deprives patients of optimal medication choices and places them at risk for life‐threatening reactions. Underdiagnosis and overdiagnosis are common and due to the lack of standardized definitions and biomarkers. The true burden of DA is unknown, and recent efforts in data gathering through electronic medical records are starting to provide emerging patterns around the world. Ten percent of the general population engaged in health care claim to have a DA, and the most common label is penicillin allergy. Up to 20% of emergency room visits for anaphylaxis are due to DA and 15%–20% of hospitalized patients report DA. It is estimated that DA will increase based on the availability and use of new and targeted antibiotics, vaccines, chemotherapies, biologicals, and small molecules, which are aimed at improving patient's options and quality of life. Global and regional variations in the prevalence of diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus and mycobacterial diseases, and the drugs used to treat these infections have an impact on DA. The aim of this review is to provide an update on the global impact of DA by presenting emerging data on drug epidemiology in adult and pediatric populations.
Anemia in liver transplant recipients: prevalence, severity, risk factors, and survival
Authors: Hegland Nina Øksnes , Rezahosseini Omid , Pedersen Christian Ross , Møller Dina Leth , Bugge Terese Brun , Wareham Neval Ete , Arentoft Nicoline Stender , Hillingsø Jens , Lund Thomas Kromann , Rasmussen Allan , Nielsen Susanne Dam
Published: December 2023

Information about anemia in liver transplant (LTx) recipients is scarce. We investigated the prevalence and severity of anemia before and within the first‐year post‐LTx, risk factors for having anemia before LTx, and 1‐year survival according to anemia status before LTx. This retrospective cohort study received data from The Knowledge Center for Transplantation database at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Uni‐ and multivariate logistic regression were used to investigate factors associated with anemia and a Kaplan–Meier plot to illustrate the probability of survival. We included 346 first‐time adult LTx recipients. The median age was 50 years (IQR: 42–57), and 203 (59%) were male. The prevalence of anemia before and 1‐year post‐LTx were 69 and 45%, respectively. Male sex (aOR 4.0 [95% CI: 2.2–7.2]; p < 0.001) and each unit increase in MELD score (aOR 1.2 [95% CI: 1.1–1.2]; p < 0.001) were positively associated with anemia before LTx. Compared to autoimmune liver diseases, LTx recipients with fulminant hepatic failure (aOR 0.03 [0.00–0.17]; p = 0.001) had lower odds for anemia. The 1‐year survival in LTx recipients who had and did not have anemia before transplantation were 93 and 91% (p = 0.47). Anemia was frequent among LTx recipients, and anemia before LTx did not affect 1‐year survival.
Long‐term survival and complications of Quad Zygoma Protocol with Anatomy‐Guided Approach in severely atrophic maxilla: A retrospective follow‐up analysis of up to 17 years
Authors: Davó Rubén , Fan Shengchi , Wang Feng , Wu Yiqun
Published: December 2023

Introduction

The objective of the study was to provide long‐term clinical outcomes and complications in the severely atrophic edentulous maxillae treated by means of the quad zygoma protocol (QZP) using the Anatomy‐Guided Approach (AGA).

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of all consecutive patients with severely atrophic edentulous maxilla and insufficient bone height and width in the anterior and posterior regions bilaterally, who underwent rehabilitation with the QZP between May 2006 and December 2021. All patients were followed for at least 1 year. All zygomatic implants (ZIs) were placed by the same surgeon. The primary endpoint of the study was the implant survival rate. Secondary endpoints were implant success rate, prosthesis success rate, complications, and Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life using the OHIP‐14 questionnaire.

Results

A total of 56 patients (men 16, women 40) with 224 ZIs (Nobel Biocare, n = 204; Straumann, n = 16; Southern Implant, n = 4) placement were included with a mean follow‐up period 8.8 ± 3.9 years (range, 1.2–17.0). The survival (success) rate was 97.7%. Five ZIs in four patients failed. The mean time between implant placement and failure was 8.6 years (range, 0.5–13.3). All patients received immediate loading with acrylic prosthesis. The successful rates for the definitive prosthesis were 98.2%. Forty‐two patients received posterior cantilever for rehabilitation of fixed definitive prosthesis. Local orofacial inflammation (35.7%) and Sinusitis (12.5%) were the most common complications, occurring at a mean follow‐up of 10.0 (range, 4.2–14.9) and 10.3 (range, 4.3–16.2) years, respectively. In 48 patients, the mean score of the OHIP‐14 questionnaire was 1.7 ± 2.6 with the follow‐up period of 9.0 ± 4.1 years.

Conclusions

The rehabilitation of severely atrophic edentulous maxilla using the QZP has shown a predictable and high survival rate in the long term. The implementation of an immediate loading protocol offers potential benefits in stabilizing ZIs with cross‐arch stabilization. Moreover, the use of a posterior cantilever in reconstruction can effectively establish functional occlusion through well‐distributed ZIs, eliminating the need for additional implant placement.
Cache‐aided multiuser UAV‐MEC networks for smart grid networks: A DDPG approach
Authors: Yang Chun , Wang Zhe , Xie Binyu
Published: December 2023

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an important research topic in the field of wireless communication and mobile computing, as it can effectively decrease the latency and energy consumption due to the trade‐off between the communication and computing, where some intensive computing tasks can be offloaded to computational access points (CAPs), especially when the wireless transmission channel is in good condition. This article studies how to intelligently allocate the computing capability and wireless bandwidth among users for a cache‐aided multi‐terminal multi‐CAP MEC network with non‐ideal channel estimation, where there are mobile terminals and CAPs in the network. Each terminal has some tasks that need to be computed in a fast and efficient way. For such a system, we first design the system by jointly considering the computing capability and wireless bandwidth allocation, where the computing and communication delay is used as the performance of metric. To optimize the system performance, we then employ deep deterministic policy gradient to learn an effective strategy on the allocation of computing capability and wireless bandwidth, in order to decrease the system delay as much as possible. Simulations are finally conducted to show the superiority of the proposed studies in this article, especially about the advantages from cache.
Intraoral primary syphilis mimicking lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: e Silva Larissa Doalla de Almeida , Silva Evânio Vilela , Silveira Heitor Albergoni , Silva Herberth Campos , Chahud Fernando , León Jorge Esquiche , Mesquita Ana Terezinha Marques
Published: December 2023

Syphilis can mimic, clinically and microscopically, many other diseases. By microscopy, typically syphilis presents with plasma cell infiltration, admixed with lymphocytes and macrophages, in lichenoid and/or perivascular/perineural distribution pattern. When exuberant, this inflammatory infiltrate can mimic a lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), notably plasma cell neoplasia or lymphoma. To date, about 12 cases of secondary syphilis, all but one in extraoral location, suggesting initially a LPD, have been published. Here, to our knowledge, we report an unusual case of intraoral primary syphilis initially suggesting LPD, notably lymphoid hyperplasia (pseudolymphoma); however, mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and follicular lymphoma could not be disregarded. Polyclonality of plasma cells on immunohistochemistry, in strict clinical correlation, was essential to arrive at the correct diagnosis.
Clinical effectiveness and cost‐impact after 2 years of a ketogenic diet and virtual coaching intervention for patients with diabetes
Authors: Strombotne Kiersten L. , Lum Jessica , Pizer Steven D. , Figueroa Stuart , Frakt Austin B. , Conlin Paul R.
Published: December 2023

Aim

We previously evaluated the impacts at 5 months of a digitally delivered coaching intervention in which participants are instructed to adhere to a very low carbohydrate, ketogenic diet. With extended follow‐up (24 months), we assessed the longer‐term effects of this intervention on changes in clinical outcomes, health care utilization and costs associated with outpatient, inpatient and emergency department use in the Veterans Health Administration.

Materials and Methods

We employed a difference‐in‐differences model with a waiting list control group to estimate the 24‐month change in glycated haemoglobin, body mass index, blood pressure, prescription medication use, health care utilization rates and associated costs. The analysis included 550 people with type 2 diabetes who were overweight or obese and enrolled in the Veterans Health Administration for health care. Data were obtained from electronic health records from 2018 to 2021.

Results

The virtual coaching and ketogenic diet intervention was associated with significant reductions in body mass index [−1.56 (SE 0.390)] and total monthly diabetes medication usage [−0.35 (SE 0.054)]. No statistically significant differences in glycated haemoglobin, blood pressure, outpatient visits, inpatient visits, or emergency department visits were observed. The intervention was associated with reductions in per‐patient, per‐month outpatient spending [−USD286.80 (SE 97.175)] and prescription drug costs (−USD105.40 (SE 30.332)].

Conclusions

A virtual coaching intervention with a ketogenic diet component offered modest effects on clinical and cost parameters in people with type 2 diabetes and with obesity or overweight. Health care systems should develop methods to assess participant progress and engagement over time if they adopt such interventions, to ensure continued patient engagement and goal achievement.
Predator densities alter the influence of non‐consumptive effects on the population dynamics of an agricultural pest
Authors: Mutz Jessie , Thaler Jennifer S. , Ugine Todd A. , Inouye Brian D. , Underwood Nora
Published: December 2023

Augmentative release of predators is used in agriculture to suppress pest populations and minimise crop damage. However, predators affect prey populations not only through consumption but by inducing changes to prey morphology, physiology, behaviour and life history. These risk‐induced trait responses can increase prey fitness, potentially reducing the efficacy of certain predators as biocontrol agents.

We investigated how non‐consumptive effects contribute to the overall influence of predators by modelling the effect of the predator Podisus maculiventris on the population dynamics of a major agricultural pest, the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). We developed a demographic model incorporating both consumption and non‐consumptive Podisus‐induced shifts in beetle reproductive strategy. Our model combines data from multiple mechanistic experiments showing that predator‐exposed beetles produce fewer offspring but increase offspring provisioning, and that provisioned larvae have increased survival when predators are present. We simulated beetle densities across multiple beetle generations and a range of predator densities.

The influence of non‐consumptive effects depended on predator density. At low predator densities, non‐consumptive effects strengthened the negative effect of predators by up to 45%, and risk‐induced changes to offspring provisioning had a stronger effect on prey densities than reduced offspring quantity. In contrast, at high predator densities, non‐consumptive effects changed the effect of predators by <5%, likely because beetle densities were very low both with and without non‐consumptive effects.

Our results suggest that even adaptive responses to predation risk by prey do not necessarily reduce the ability of predators to suppress pest populations.
Relationship between skill training and skill transfer through the example of bimanual motor learning
Authors: Schoenfeld Marleen J. , Thom Jude , Williams Jade , Stagg Charlotte J. , Zich Catharina
Published: December 2023

Skill training aims to improve the performance of the task at hand and aims to transfer the acquired skill to related tasks. Both skill training and skill transfer are part of our everyday lives, and essential for survival, and their importance is reflected in years of research. Despite these enormous efforts, however, the complex relationship between skill training and skill transfer is not yet portrayed completely. Building upon two theories, we probed this relationship through the example of bimanual learning with a large cross‐sectional design (N = 450) using an online framework. We designed five training tasks which differed in the variance of the training material (schema theory) and three transfer tasks differing in their similarity to the training task (identical elements theory).

Theoretically, the five training tasks and the three transfer tasks varied approximately linearly from each other. Empirical data, however, suggested merely the presence of three statistically different training tasks and two significantly different transfer tasks, indicating a nonlinear relationship. Against our expectation, Bayesian statistics suggested that the type of skill training was not related to the type of skill transfer. However, the amount of skill training was positively related to the amount of skill transfer.

Together, we showed that motor learning studies can be conducted online. Further, our results shed light on the complex relationship between skill training and skill transfer. Understanding this relationship has wide‐ranging practical implications for the general population, particularly for musicians, athletes and patients recovering from injury.
First report of Cryptocline taxicola (Helotiales: Helotiaceae) causing needle cast disease on common yew in Algeria
Authors: Aouali Souhila
Published: December 2023

This short report describes the occurrence of Cryptocline taxicola (Allesch.) Petr. causing needle cast on Taxus baccata L. trees in natural stands in Algeria. Symptoms of fungal infection were observed on the trees' crowns. Closer inspection of collected needles showed the presence of dark brown fungal fruiting bodies on the upper and the lower sides of the needles. The visual symptoms and the microscopical study allowed the fungus to be identified as C. taxicola. This is the first report of this pathogen in Algeria. A detailed description of the fungus is given.
Genome size variation and evolution during invasive range expansion in an introduced plant
Authors: Cang F. Alice , Welles Shana R. , Wong Jenny , Ziaee Maia , Dlugosch Katrina M.
Published: December 2023

Plants demonstrate exceptional variation in genome size across species, and their genome sizes can also vary dramatically across individuals and populations within species. This aspect of genetic variation can have consequences for traits and fitness, but few studies attributed genome size differentiation to ecological and evolutionary processes. Biological invasions present particularly useful natural laboratories to infer selective agents that might drive genome size shifts across environments and population histories. Here, we test hypotheses for the evolutionary causes of genome size variation across 14 invading populations of yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis, in California, United States. We use a survey of genome sizes and trait variation to ask: (1) Is variation in genome size associated with developmental trait variation? (2) Are genome sizes smaller toward the leading edge of the expansion, consistent with selection for “colonizer” traits? Or alternatively, does genome size increase toward the leading edge of the expansion, consistent with predicted consequences of founder effects and drift? (3) Finally, are genome sizes smaller at higher elevations, consistent with selection for shorter development times? We found that 2C DNA content varied 1.21‐fold among all samples, and was associated with flowering time variation, such that plants with larger genomes reproduced later, with lower lifetime capitula production. Genome sizes increased toward the leading edge of the invasion, but tended to decrease at higher elevations, consistent with genetic drift during range expansion but potentially strong selection for smaller genomes and faster development time at higher elevations. These results demonstrate how genome size variation can contribute to traits directly tied to reproductive success, and how selection and drift can shape that variation. We highlight the influence of genome size on dynamics underlying a rapid range expansion in a highly problematic invasive plant.
Resolution of two cases of ovarian abscesses in mares subjected to ovum pick up
Authors: Fernández‐Hernández Pablo , Valero‐González Marta , Fuentes‐Romero Beatriz , Iglesias‐García Manuel , Ezquerra‐Calvo Luis Javier , Martín‐Cuervo Maria , Macías‐García Beatriz
Published: December 2023

Background

Currently, for in vitro embryo production in live mares, immature oocytes are retrieved by transvaginal follicular aspiration or ovum pick up (OPU). Occasionally, ovarian abscesses have been described after OPU, but no current consensus exists on how to treat this condition.

Objectives

To describe diagnosis and successful treatment of ovarian abscesses in two mares subjected to OPU.

Study design

Case report.

Methods

Case records were reviewed and summarised.

Results

In the first case, a pony mare showed tachypnoea, tachycardia, high temperature, leukocytosis, left hindlimb lameness and slight increase in concentration of serum amyloid A. Ultrasonography revealed an increase in the size of the left ovary and two well defined structures suggestive of ovarian abscess. A left ovariectomy by standing laparoscopy was the treatment of choice: the diagnosis was confirmed, and bacterial culture produced heavy growth of Streptococcus equi Zooepidemicus. In the second mare, an abnormal structure was observed in the left ovary in a routine transrectal ultrasonographic exam in the absence of any clinical signs or abnormal blood parameters. A medical approach was chosen and a sample of the purulent material was aspirated with a transvaginal ultrasound‐guided approach. The sample yielded a heavy growth of Streptococcus equi Zooepidemicus after culture. Treatment was initiated with rifampicin and trimethoprim—sulfadiazine based on the antibiogram results and the abscess completely resolved after 40 days.

Main limitations

Limited to two cases.

Conclusions

Ovarian abscesses in mares can be successfully treated both surgically and medically.
Survival rates and factors associated with survival and laminitis of horses with acute diarrhoea admitted to referral institutions
Authors: Gomez Diego E. , Dunkel Bettina , Renaud David L. , Arroyo Luis G. , Schoster Angelika , Kopper Jamie J. , Byrne David ,   The MEDS group, Toribio Ramiro E.
Published: December 2023

Background

Clinicopathological findings and their association with the outcome and development of laminitis in horses with acute diarrhoea has not been investigated in a multicentre study across different geographic regions.

Objectives

Describe and compare clinicopathologic findings of diarrhoeic horses between different geographic regions, survival rates and factors associated with non‐survival and laminitis.

Study design

Multicentre retrospective case series.

Methods

Information from horses with acute diarrhoea presenting to participating institutions between 2016 and 2020 was collected, and clinicopathological data were compared between surviving and non‐surviving horses and horses that did and did not develop laminitis. Survival rates and seasonal and geographic differences were also investigated.

Results

One thousand four hundred thirty‐eight horses from 26 participating institutions from 4 continents were included; 76% survived to discharge with no differences identified between geographic regions. The survival proportion of horses with SIRS and creatinine concentrations > 159 μmol/L was 55% (154/279) compared with 81% (358/437) for those with SIRS and creatinine concentrations < 159 μmol/L (p < 0.001). The survival proportion of horses with SIRS that had an L‐lactate concentration > 2.8 mmol/L was 59% (175/298) compared with 81% (240/296) in horses with SIRS and L‐lactate concentration < 2.8 mmol/L (p < 0.001). The proportion of horses that developed laminitis was lower in Europe (4%, 19/479) compared with North America (8%, 52/619), Australia (8%, 12/138) and Latin America (11%, 16/146) (p < 0.05). More horses developed laminitis in the summer (46%, 39/85) compared with winter (18%, 15/85), spring (18%, 15/85) and fall (19%, 16/85) (p < 0.01). Horses with laminitis had greater odds of non‐survival than those without laminitis (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 2.47–5.65).

Main limitations

Not all variables were available for all horses due to the retrospective nature.

Conclusions

Clinicopathological findings in horses with acute diarrhoea and their association with survival are similar across geographic regions. However, developing laminitis secondary to diarrhoea is less common in Europe. In addition, factors associated with non‐survival were indicative of disease severity and subsequent cardiovascular compromise.
Exploring the experiences of heritage speakers as world language teachers of Spanish: Professional experiences and challenges
Authors: Novella Miguel Á. , Bustamante Carolina
Published: December 2023

This follow‐up study explored the experiences of eight Latina heritage speakers (HSs), who were initially enrolled in world language teacher preparation programs at two educational institutions in the United States and who became in‐service Spanish teachers. Using data from interviews, classroom observations, and a focus group, this qualitative multiple‐case study investigated their motivation to stay in the profession, professional development needs, challenges they experienced as teachers of Spanish, and how their self‐perceptions and attitudes about their use of Spanish evolved from pre‐ to in‐service teacher stages regarding their proficiency, use of code‐switching and register, and knowledge of grammar. Findings highlight the importance of supporting HSs as an essential component of teacher education programs and the workforce in world language teaching; the need for coursework that illuminates register differences but always values and legitimizes their own way of speaking; the need for world language education and Spanish language faculty in teacher preparation programs to establish common, coordinated goals for preservice teachers; and academic training for HSs in pedagogy and sociolinguistics, not only at the preservice teacher level, but also as professional development for all members in world language departments, in both K‐12 and higher education settings.
Evaluating Flow Distribution in a Multiaquifer Recharge Well Using an In Situ Flowmeter
Authors: Martinez Meredith B. , Widdowson Mark A.
Published: December 2023

Quantifying the flow rate distribution in a multiple‐screen recharge well is relevant to understanding groundwater flow and solute transport behavior in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) operations. In this study, an impeller flowmeter was deployed to measure flow rate distribution in a multiple‐screen MAR well under both recharge and pumping conditions screened in the multiple‐strata of the Virginia Coastal Plain aquifer system. Preferential flow distribution in the well was observed through the uppermost screens during recharge while flow distribution was more evenly distributed along all screens under pumping conditions. Analysis of flow along individual screens also indicates preferential flow to the upper part of the screen during both recharge and pumping. Comparison of flowmeter results under both recharge and pumping conditions to previous site‐specific measurements suggests that the distribution of flow may vary with time, depending on well screen condition and well rehabilitation efforts, and should be monitored over the duration of an MAR project. These results have implications for groundwater quality given that flow distribution in a multiscreen recharge well has profound impact on travel time and on transport modeling if flow is assumed to be steady and consistent under a range of operational conditions.
Association of bone mineral density and potential risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with severe haemophilia A
Authors: Biernat Monika Maria , Jędrzejuk Diana , Urbaniak‐Kujda Donata , Biernat Paweł , Laszkowska‐Lewko Magdalena , Landwójtowicz Marcin , Majdak Ewelina , Podolak‐Dawidziak Maria , Wróbel Tomasz
Published: December 2023

Introduction

In people with haemophilia (PWH), recurrent episodes of bleeding lead to joint deterioration and bone resorption. To date, the effects of various other factors on bone mineral density (BMD) reduction have found conflicting results.

Aim

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between BMD, bone mineral content (BMC), and trabecular bone score (TBS) parameters based on the dual X‐ray absorptiometry method (DXA) and potential risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with severe haemophilia A.

Methods

Fifty‐five men with severe haemophilia A, aged 18–68 years, and 59 healthy volunteer men were enrolled in this study. Densitometric‐derived lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD, BMC, and TBS were measured. Blood analyses were performed for morphology parameters, liver and kidney function parameters, and viral status. Serum levels of oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA‐S), parathormone, and vitamin D were measured.

Results

Patients showed significantly lower BMD compared to controls (p < .003). The result below the expected range for age was nearly double (6.82% vs. 3.92%) in PWH under 50 years old compared to controls. Haemophilic patients also exhibited significantly higher vitamin D3 deficiency (p < .0001), which was strongly associated with low TBS. Additionally, low body mass index and high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were correlated with low BMC and BMD.

Conclusions

This study confirms the prevalence of low BMD and BMC in patients with haemophilia in Poland. Factors that contribute to low BMD are primarily vitamin D deficiency, low BMI, high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, and low testosterone/oestradiol ratio.
A single‐centre experience of 29 total ankle replacement in haemophiliac patients: Therapeutic management, factor consumption and cost
Authors: Favrelle Louise , Masson Jean‐Baptiste , Parat Stéphanie , Carre Emmanuelle , Fessy Michel , Rioufol Catherine , Lienhart Anne , Chamouard Valérie , Besse Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2023

Introduction

In patients with haemophilia, repeated bleeding in large joints leads to chronic haemophilic arthropathy, a rare disease that can be managed surgically with ankle arthrodesis or with total ankle replacement (TAR). TAR has been reported to provide good surgical results in the medium/long‐term and allow preservation of joint mobility but the medical therapeutic management of the patients has not been described.

Aim

To describe the medical therapeutic management of TAR.

Methods

All patients with haemophilia A/B, with haemophilic ankle arthropathy, and who underwent TAR between April 2006 and October 2019 were retrospectively included. Factor consumption, perioperative and early complications, volume of blood lost, and orthopaedic data were collected.

Results

A total of 25 patients underwent 29 TAR (mean age was 44.7 years [range: 26–65]). In the 17 patients with HA without history of anti‐FVIII inhibitor, the mean ± SD consumption the day of surgery was 116 ± 16 UI/kg when clotting factors were administered by continuous infusion, 106 ± 13 UI/kg when SHL factors were administered by bolus infusion, and 75 ± 22 UI/kg when EHL factors were administered by bolus infusion. During hospitalisation, the mean factor cost was €38,073 (83.7% of the total cost of surgery). Mean blood loss was significantly lower in patients treated with tranexamic acid (164 mL, range: 40–300) than in those not (300 mL, range: 70–800; p = .01). Six patients had haematoma. The 10‐year survival free of any prosthesis removal/arthrodesis was estimated to be 92.2% (95% CI [83; 100]).

Conclusion

The medical therapeutic management of TAR is complex, carried out by a multidisciplinary team but effective in avoiding the occurrence of complications.
Butterfly community composition within a tropical urban landscape is influenced by habitat type and temperature
Authors: Ombugadu A. , Hassan Z. A. , Ibrahim J. I. , Atabo L. O. , Ayim J. O. , Attah S. A. , Maikenti J. I. , Parlato B. P. , Deme G. G.
Published: December 2023

The specific factors that influence spatial community or population dynamics are often elusive, and even less known is the impact of tropical urban landscapes on diverse species community assemblages.

To address this knowledge gap, we used a survey data set with 510 fruit‐feeding butterflies comprising 20 species across two heterogeneous habitats within a city in Nigeria. Next, we constructed generalised linear mixed models to understand the differential responses of the butterfly community to changes in environmental conditions across habitats.

Butterfly species community assemblages significantly differed between the two urban habitats, with butterfly species significantly higher in the savannah woodland compared with the gallery forest due to the optimal daily temperatures of the savannah woodland. However, butterfly richness was lower in the gallery forest due to extreme environmental conditions.

This study highlights that butterfly community changes in tropical urban landscapes are possibly responding to local microclimates and spatial heterogeneity across habitats.

For evidence‐based conservation management of tropical butterfly biodiversity, there would be need for a long‐term, extensive and systematic insect monitoring programme for butterflies across disturbed and undisturbed fragmented habitats harbouring diverse insect species.
Competition among invasive and endemic carrion fly species in theGalapagos Islandswith implications for biological control risk assessment
Authors: Ramirez Ismael E. , Yar Joselyn , Sinclair Bradley J. , Torres Ana K. , Causton Charlotte E. , Heimpel George E.
Published: December 2023

The composition of the necrobiome community in the Galapagos Islands is poorly understood, and nothing is known about the dynamics between endemic species and those introduced through human activity.

To determine the composition of the carrion fly community, specifically members of the families Muscidae, Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae, we deployed four kinds of carrion bait traps during the cool and hot seasons at two lowland and two highland sites on Santa Cruz Island within the Galapagos archipelago. We also conducted a laboratory experiment to assess resource competition between fly species encountered in the baiting study.

Of the eight fly species found in our baited traps, all were introduced except for the endemic sarcophagid,Sarothromyiops dasycnemis.Four endemic and one native carrion‐feeding species that had been previously recorded on this island were not found. The introduced sarcophagid,Peckia chrysostoma, was the most abundant fly species, comprising over half of the collected specimens, and it was highly dominant at the lowland sites. The endemic species,S. dasycnemis, was only recorded at the lowland sites during the hot season. On the other hand, the calliphorid species were dominant at the highland sites.

Experiments demonstrated thatP. chrysostomais a strong competitor against other carrion fly species in the Galapagos necrobiome, including the endemicS. dasycnemis.

A comparison of our data with historical records, combined with the results of our laboratory study, leads to the conclusion that introduced carrion fly species, such asP. chrysostoma, represent a threat to endemic carrion fly species, such asS. dasycnemis.

Three parasitoid species were reared from 19% of the collected fly puparia. Two of these species attacked fly larvae (Brachymeria podagricaandAphaeretasp.), whereas one species attacked fly puparia (Exoristobiasp.)

We discuss our results in light of the possibility of the purposeful introduction of a parasitoid as a biological control agent against the avian vampire fly (Philornis downsi; Diptera: Muscidae) in Galapagos.
Investigation of piroctone olamine delivery to the skin from single, binary and ternary solvent systems
Authors: Tang Chun Fung , Pudney Paul D. A. , Lane Majella E.
Published: December 2023

Objective

Disruption of the protective stratum corneum barrier increases the skin's vulnerability to microorganisms and facilitates conditions such as dandruff. Dandruff is a disorder of the scalp that causes increased scaling of the SC and is associated with Malassezia fungus. Consequently, many anti‐dandruff commercial products use anti‐fungal active ingredients such as piroctone olamine also known as Octopirox (OPX). OPX is an active ingredient used in a number of topical preparations for the management of dandruff. The characterization of the physicochemical properties of OPX was previously reported. The aim of the present work was to investigate a range of solvent systems for their effects on OPX interaction with human skin.

Methods

The solvents used in this study were propylene glycol (PG), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether or Transcutol® (TC), PG monolaurate (PGML), isopropyl myristate (IPM), caprylic/capric triglyceride or Labrafac™ Lipophile WL 1349 (LAB), PG caprylate or Capryol® 90 (CAP), isostearyl isostearate (ISIS) and Plurol® Oleique CC 497 (PIOI). The single solvent systems evaluated were PG, TC, PGML, IPM, ISIS and CAP. For the binary solvent systems, PG and TC were examined. Ternary solvent systems consisted of: PG, TC and LAB; PG, PGML and LAB; and PG, TC and IPM. The concentration of OPX used was 1% (w/v). Heat‐separated human epidermis was used for 24 h permeation experiments performed under finite dose conditions; mass balance studies were also conducted.

Results

For the six single solvents examined no permeation was evident. Skin permeation of OPX was observed for binary and ternary solvent systems. The highest permeation for all PG:TC binary solvent system ratios tested was from the PG:TC (75:25) system. For the ternary solvent systems investigated, highest cumulative permeation of OPX was observed for PG:PGML:LAB (60:30:10). Considering all systems, PG:TC (75:25) delivered the greatest amount of OPX through the skin. Although OPX is deposited in the skin following the application of neat solvents, higher skin retention values were generally observed for binary and ternary systems.

Conclusion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the permeation behaviour of OPX for a range of single, binary and ternary solvent systems.
Metabolomic profiling of health‐benefit compounds in fresh and preserved mustard greens
Authors: Tunsagool Paiboon , Pimpak Vipawan , Promwat Poowadol , Kwandee Pincha , Kruaweangmol Pongsakorn , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Withayagiat Ulaiwan
Published: December 2023

In today's consumer landscape, the health benefits of preserved foods, particularly pickled and salted mustard greens, are gaining recognition on a global scale. To compare health‐promoting compounds between fresh and preserved mustard greens, a comprehensive assessment using proximate composition analysis and untargeted metabolomics was conducted. The sub‐metabolome data revealed distinct profiles for each type of mustard greens, clearly seen in their separation through principal component analysis. The metabolite profiling identified 37 metabolites with significant differences (P‐value < 0.05, −log10 P‐value > 4). Fresh mustard greens were found to be rich in 16 identified metabolites, including sulfonic acids, purines, oxepanes, monosaccharides, fatty acids, amino acids and tripeptides, offering antioxidants, gut enhancers and immune boosters. In contrast, pickled mustard greens exhibited an abundance of 20 identified metabolites in the classes of flavonoids, amino acids and dipeptides, providing antioxidant properties. Salted mustard greens, on the other hand, primarily showcased a high level of uridine diphosphate glucose (a pyrimidine class metabolite), supporting glycoconjugate synthesis among all samples. This study highlights the prominent presence of various classes of metabolites associated with health‐benefit compounds in fresh and preserved mustard greens. These insights contribute to the evaluation of health benefits in the food industry when choosing between pickled and salted preservation methods.
“I was just a shell”: Mental health concerns for women in perimenopause and menopause
Authors: O'Reilly Kate , McDermid Fiona , McInnes Susan , Peters Kath
Published: December 2023

Early detection of deteriorating mental health for women who are experiencing symptoms associated with perimenopause and menopause is critical to ensure the well‐being of women. Unfortunately, many women during this phase of their lives find it difficult to access relevant and timely treatment. This concurrent mixed methods study using an online survey and qualitative interviews explored Australian women's knowledge and experiences of perimenopause and menopause and specifically reports on findings associated with women's mental health. Four hundred and eleven women completed the online survey in its entirety and 25 women participated in semi‐structured interviews between April and July 2022. Survey data were analysed using SPSS and, in this article, data are presented as descriptive statistics. Qualitative interviews were analysed using thematic analysis guided by Braun and Clarke (2013; 2019). Quantitative and qualitative data specific to women's mental health were integrated into three themes: (1) increased anxiety and depression, (2) a negative impact on emotions and (3) a negative impact on self‐worth. Findings from this study will help to inform clinical services for women as it highlights the need to improve education about perimenopause and menopause for healthcare providers and women.
Mapping the hotspots and future trends of electrical stimulation for peripheral nerve injury: A bibliometric analysis from 2002 to 2023
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhong Sen , Jin Xuehan , Fan Guoxin , Liao Xiang , Yang Xun , He Shisheng
Published: December 2023

Peripheral nerve injuries often result in severe personal and social burden, and even with surgical treatment, patients continue to have poor clinical outcomes. Over the past two decades, electrical stimulation has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and alleviate refractory neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to analyse this field using a bibliometric approach. Literature was searched through Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) for the years 2002–2023. Literature analysis included: (1) Describing publication trends in the field. (2) Exploring collaborative network relationships. (3) Finding research advances and research hotspots in the field. (4) Summarizing research trends in the field. With the number of studies in this field still increasing, a total of 693 publications were included in the analysis. This field of research is interdisciplinary in nature. Research hotspots include peripheral nerve regeneration, the treatment of neuropathic pain, materials for nerve injury repair, and the restoration of sensory function in patients with peripheral nerve injury. Correspondingly, the development of nerve conduits and systems for peripheral nerve electrical stimulation, clinical trials of peripheral nerve electrical stimulation, and tactile recovery and movement for amputees have shown significant promise as future research trends in this field.
RETRACTED: Effects of accelerated rehabilitation surgical care on the surgical site wound infection and postoperative complications in patients of lung cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fu Li‐Na , Xiao Bin
Published: December 2023

To comprehensively evaluate the effect of accelerated rehabilitation surgical care on perioperative wound infections and complications in patients undergoing lung cancer surgery. A comprehensive computerised search for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of accelerated rehabilitative surgical care applied to patients undergoing lung cancer surgery was conducted using the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from inception to September 2023. The literature was screened and evaluated by two investigators, and data were extracted from the final included literature. Stata software (version 17.0) was used for data analysis. Overall, 21 RCTs involving 2187 patients were included, including 1093 cases in the accelerated rehabilitation surgical care group and 1094 cases in the conventional care group. The analyses revealed that patients with lung cancer surgery who implemented accelerated rehabilitation surgical care were significantly less likely to develop postoperative wound infections (odds ratio [OR] = 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.49, p < 0.001) and postoperative complications (OR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.20–0.34, p < 0.001) and shortened the hospital length of stay (standardised mean differences [SMD] = −1.93, 95% CI: −2.32 to −1.53, and p < 0.001) compared with conventional care. The effect of accelerated rehabilitation surgical care intervention in the perioperative period of lung cancer surgery patients is remarkable, as it can effectively reduce the incidence of wound infection and complications, shorten hospitalisation time and promote patient recovery.
Inequality in Planning Capacity
Authors: Morton Jennifer M.
Published: December 2023

Planning allows us to coordinate our actions over time, and the ability to plan is crucial in many areas of our lives. I argue that while planning is deeply embedded in contemporary societies, not all individuals have equal access to the structures that support such planning. This article explores how external planning‐support structures are essential to our capacity to plan and how inequality in access to these structures can impact an individual's ability to deliberate and pursue long‐term plans. I conclude by suggesting that we need to think more deeply about unequal access to the structures that support planning directly, not just inequality in resources.
The ability of employee disclosures to reveal private information
Authors: Fan Yun , Fu Jiajia , Ji Yuan , Thomas Wayne B.
Published: December 2023

Managers may provide incomplete disclosure for various reasons (e.g., high processing costs, operating uncertainty, proprietary concerns, agency conflicts, etc.). In contrast, rank‐and‐file employees face fewer of these limitations. Through “wisdom of the crowd” displayed on social media, employees can aggregate their individual private beliefs to provide an informative business outlook. Using employee data from Glassdoor.com, we find that employee business outlook disclosures reveal more information in loan spreads of private lending contracts when firms have more opaque information environments. Furthermore, we observe that employee disclosures help to reveal more private information when the business outlook is worsening and as employees’ collective knowledge increases. This relation is more prominent when employees are expecting worsening performance, consistent with employee disclosures revealing more private bad news. Our study demonstrates the conditions under which employee disclosures on social media are more likely to disseminate private information.
Multiple radiologist review of adrenal CT still frequently misses lateralized surgical primary aldosteronism
Authors: Mah Darren , Kneteman Mark , Przybojewski Stefan J. , Kotha Vamshi , Kline Gregory A. , Leung Alexander A. , So C. Benny
Published: December 2023

Patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) have increased morbidity and mortality compared to those with essential hypertension. Accurate detection of lateralized PA is important so that affected patients can receive potentially curative adrenalectomy. However, around 40% of patients with lateralized PA have “normal” adrenal glands on computed tomography (CT). Additional independent review of imaging has been shown to improve diagnostic accuracy in many areas of imaging. Therefore, the authors sought to establish if multi‐reader re‐assessment of previously reported normal CT scans would result in increased detection of surgically remediable disease. The authors found that re‐assessment of CT imaging by one, two, or three additional radiologists (or a combination thereof) slightly increased the detection of lateralized disease, but these differences were not statistically significant (p > .05). Readers had low inter‐observer agreement (kappa = 0.17). If detection of a discrete nodule on CT was made a prerequisite for adrenal vein sampling (AVS), a second read by another reviewer would still result in an excess of missed cases (84.2%, 36.8%, and 65.8%, respectively, for each of the three independent reviewers). Therefore, a “normal” CT does not preclude the possibility of lateralized PA. Adrenal vein sampling should still be strongly considered wherever available and whenever surgery is considered for treatment of PA, irrespective of CT findings.