bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profile of The Development of Interpersonal Intelligence for Class XI MIPA Students at SMA Negeri 1 Bungo Jambi Province
Authors: Febri Yadi Heri yanto Heri , Zaini Ahmad , Dianto Mori
Published: August 2022

This research is motivated by the fact that there are still students who are less able to relate socially with other people. Students' problems related to interpersonal intelligence, it can be seen that the behavior of students in class XI mipa SMA Negeri 1 Bungo has problems regarding interpersonal intelligence in general at school. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of interpersonal intelligence of students in class XI MIPA at SMA Negeri 1 Bumgo 1.) To reveal the interpersonal intelligence of students seen from social sensitivity. 2.) To reveal the interpersonal intelligence of students seen from social insight. 3.) To reveal the interpersonal intelligence of students seen from social communication. This type of research is descriptive quantitative, the research population of students in SMA Negeri 1 Bungo the sample to be carried out in the study is 133 students. The sample in this study is class XI MIPA by using random sampling technique. The results of the study on the Interpersonal Intelligence Development Profile of Students in Class XI Mipa SMA Negeri 1 Bungo Jambi Province seen from the identification results were generally in the very high range with a percentage of 60.90%. This means that many students have very high interpersonal intelligence in SMA Negeri 1 Bungo. Then interpersonal intelligence is divided into 3 indicators, namely: 1) interpersonal intelligence can be seen from social sensitivity is in the very high category 67.67%, 2) interpersonal intelligence can be seen from social insight is in the very high category 56.39%, 3) Interpersonal intelligence can be seen from social communication which is in the very high category of 60.15%. Based on the results of the study, it can be recommended to students in order to further improve interpersonal intelligence well
Evaluation of The Implementation of Group Guidance Services at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin
Authors: Ramadhan Andra , Kardo Rici , Imelda Usman Citra
Published: August 2022

The background of this research is that there has not been an evaluation of group guidance services carried out by BK teachers at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin so that the success of the group guidance services provided has not been measured in terms of effectiveness and success. This study aims to describe: 1) Evaluation of the implementation of group guidance services at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin seen from the evaluation process, 2) Evaluation of the implementation of group guidance services at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin seen from the evaluation of results. This type of research is descriptive quantitative. The population of this study were all students of class XI IPS SMA Negeri 2 Merangin who were members of the group guidance service group. The sampling technique was carried out with a total sampling of 29 people. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire which was analyzed using the percentage technique. The results of this study on the evaluation of the implementation of group guidance services at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin which showed that: 1) the evaluation of the implementation of group guidance services at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin was in the good category with a percentage of 44.83%. 2) evaluation of the implementation of group guidance services at SMA Negeri 2 Merangin seen from the evaluation results are in the good category with a percentage of 44.83%. This research is recommended for BK teachers to evaluate guidance and counseling services, especially group guidance services on a regular basis, because through this evaluation teachers can get information about the success of the services provided
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS SCALE-MODIFIED KUPPUSWAMY SCALE FOR THE YEAR 2022
Authors: Gunjan Kumar  , Dash Payal , Jayeshmit Patnaik  , Gitanjali Pany
Published: August 2022

Socioeconomic status is one of the most essential indicators to evaluate the health status and nutritional status of a family. Many composite indexes have been proposed. Few international scales are Hollingshead scale, Nakao and Treas scale, Blishen, Carroll, and Moore scale, In India, the scales can be categorised into those scales applicable in rural, urban or both. The various scales are Rahudkar scale, B. G Prasad scale, Udai Parikh scale, Jalota scale, Kuppuswamy scale, Gaur classification and Bhardwaj scale for children, SC Tiwari and Amrish Kumar and Agarwal scale. Updated modified Kuppuswamy scales is the most commonly and widely socioeconomic status scale in India in urban settings. But due to rapidly growing economic rate, the available scales have been ineffective. Therefore, in this review article the Kuppuswamy scale has been updated for the year 2022.
Perceptions of Covid-19 in school children of 6-12 years in Thiruvallur district-A Cross sectional Study
Authors: Karthiga Mohankumar  , Sarika Balaganesh
Published: August 2022

Background: It is important to know current level of knowledge, perception and practices about COVID-19of children for their safety when left on their own in community. Knowing this would help the policy makers,parent and teachers to decide the appropriate ways and content that needs to be explained to them in order toensure the appropriate steps are taken by children to protect themselves when not supervised.

Objective- To find level of knowledge (spread, symptom), perception about the disease and its outcome, and practice ofsafety precautions about COVID-19 by school going children of age 6 years to 16 years using a questionnairein Quiz format as per score of the quiz.

Method- A survey in the form of Quiz was devised and circulated on school groups and social media. Willing parents were asked to get it filled from their children. Total 786 responses were obtained in months‟ time (15 May-15 June 2020). Collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results: More than 90 % of the children believed that fever, cough and sore throat wasthe signs of COVID-19. Children were not aware that loss of smell was the sign of COVID 19. 84% of thechildren answered than recovery is possible after COVID -19 viral infection and 13% of the children was notsure.

Conclusion: Students were aware about the pandemic which the world is under and the signs of covidvirus is also well known by the students. Television and social media played a vital role in transferringinformation.
SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE - A REVIEW
Authors: Sasikumar P  , Hariprasath Nagarajan
Published: August 2022

Despite the fact that the prevalence and severity of dental caries in children has decreased in recent decades, children from low socioeconomic backgrounds continue to endure the consequences of dental caries in many developed and developing nations. The antibacterial action of silver compounds has been demonstrated through the use of silver compounds for the prevention and treatment of various infections for over a century. Though silver diamine fluoride (SDF) was used to prevent dental cavities in Japan throughout the 1970s, it was little known in the rest of the globe. A 38 percent (44,800 ppm fluoride) SDF solution is now widely used in several countries to prevent cavities and relieve hypersensitivity in primary and permanent teeth. SDF application to prevent dental cavities is a non-invasive, rapid, and uncomplicated technique. According to reports from published studies, SDF application did not cause serious pulpal damage. It does, however, have some disadvantages, such as black darkening of carious teeth and an unpleasant metallic taste. However, due to its low cost and ease of usage, SDF appears to be a good therapeutic agent for use in community dental health projects.
INTEGRATIVE DENTISTRY –WHAT, WHEN AND HOW
Authors: Ananthalakshmi R
Published: August 2022

The Indian medical system and ministry of AYUSH recognizes Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani Siddha and Homeopathy (AYUSH) as CAM (Complementary and alternative medicine) and also promote organizations/institutions that practice AYUSH health services and research. Various oral pathologies have been explained in Ayurveda with treatment. Yoga is a mind-body medicine, considered to be originated from India. Similarly other forms of CAM like siddha, Unani, homeopathy, naturopathy, acupressure/acupuncture, Reiki, pranic healing etc., have preventive and curative effect for oral diseases and can be used as an adjunct in general dentistry. This is a short summary of complementary and alternative medicines which can be integrated with dentistry.
Salivary duct carcinoma- Role of accurate diagnosis for an accurate therapy
Authors: T.P.Keertthana  , Leena Dennis Joseph  , C N Sai Shalini  , S Saravanan
Published: August 2022

Salivary duct carcinoma is an aggressive subtype of primary salivary gland carcinoma with advanced stage at presentation, high rates of metastasis and recurrence. It is most commonly seen in parotid gland of older men with microscopic resemblance to high-grade breast ductal carcinoma. Salivary duct carcinoma mainly affects men over 50 years of age and accounts for 5% to 10% of all salivary gland malignancies. Characteristic histomorphology and immunohistochemical expression of Androgen Receptor (AR) aids the diagnosis of salivary duct carcinoma. Fine-needle aspiration typically reveals cytologic features of high-grade carcinoma. Heterologous alterations have been recognized in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes such as TP53, HRAS, PIK3CA, PTEN, and BRAF as well as AR and HER2. Targeted therapy against these genes may help in broadening treatment options for salivary duct carcinoma. Salivary Duct Carcinoma is one of the most aggressive salivary malignancies with 33% local recurrence and 45% metastasis. We report a case of a 75 years old female patient, who presented with a swelling obliterating the retromandibular groove. FNAC & histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of salivary duct carcinoma.
PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Dinesh Yasothkumar  , Ramalingam Karthikeyan , Ramani Pratibha , Vivigdha Vedha , Neralla Mahathi
Published: August 2022

Pleomorphic adenoma is a benign salivary gland neoplasm with its most common site of origin being the parotid gland, usually involving the superficial lobe of the parotid gland. Pleomorphic adenoma is a painless swelling which gradually increases in size if left untreated. It has a female predilection and occurs within the age range of 30-60 years. Here we report a rare case of a pleomorphic adenoma of the right submandibular gland presented by a 33 years old that was diagnosed using cytology, histopathology and managed by surgical excision.
MICRONUCLEI IN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Hasmath Afreen
Published: August 2022

Micronuclei are small chromatin bodies that appear in the cytoplasm by the condensation of acrocentric chromosomal fragments or by whole chromosome, lagging behind the cell division.Micronuclei in oral exfoliated epithelial cells are widely used as a biomarker of chromosomal damage, genome instability and cancer risk in humans.In oral exfoliated cells these micronuclei are induced by variety of carcinogenic compounds ,which have been suggested to be most common cause of premalignant lesion ,conditions and oral cancer and thus can be used as a biomarker for cytogenetic damage.In this review ,the formation of these important nuclear anomalies that are commonly seen in cancer and are indicative of genome dmage that could increase the risk of developmental and degenerative diseases.
What mental illness means in different cultures: Perceptions of mental health among refugees from various countries of origin
Authors: Moses Sarah , Holmes David
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Mental illness remains a significant issue in refugees worldwide. Internationally, there continues to be stigma surrounding mental health, mental illness, and mental health treatment. Cultural stigma is just one of many barriers to mental healthcare for refugees. Perceptions of mental health are culture-specific and continue to play a role in refugees.

Purpose: The purpose of this review study is to make distinctions between the perceptions of mental health of refugees based on country of origin because knowing these cultural differences has the potential to improve refugee mental healthcare. This knowledge could contribute to treatment approaches and help break some of the barriers to mental healthcare for refugees.

Methodology: An extensive literature review of relevant articles published between 2000-2021 was performed using the databases APA PsycInfo, Global Health, MEDLINE via Ovid, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, and Google Scholar. The following search terms, in addition to other related and relevant terms, were used: “mental health, refugees, mental health barriers, perceptions of mental illness, country of origin.”

Results: There were both numerous similarities and differences between the perceptions of mental health among refugees from different cultures. There were similarities in terms of mental health stigma, with certain cultures thinking of mental health/illness as taboo, as shameful, or associating it with evil spirits. A few of the cultures studied had similar ideas about the causes of mental illness, believing it was due to traumatic events or possession by evil spirits. The refugee groups had some common treatment options, including informal conversation, religious-based ideas, and community-level solutions. Some differences between refugees from different cultures involved certain symptoms associated with mental health, including physical symptoms, and differing degrees of religiosity.

Discussion: Based on studies reviewed about the perceptions of mental health of various refugee cultures, many recommendations are proposed to improve refugee mental healthcare. Suggestions include focusing on cultural competency and community-level solutions, in addition to implementing mobile health clinics and telehealth.

Conclusions: This review discusses the perceptions of mental health, mental illness, and mental health treatment of refugees from numerous countries of origin. It is unique in its inclusion of different groups of refugees. Culture seems to play a significant role in the perceptions encountered. Keeping culture in mind, several recommendations are made to improve refugee mental healthcare, such as more integrative treatment methods and telehealth.
Witness as Victim: Clinical Encounters with Children Who Observed Violence
Authors: Itskovich Galina
Published: August 2022

In the spring months of 2022, Human Rights Watch, the international humanitarian group, released stunning details of the carnage in the regions around Chernihiv and Kyiv that Russia left behind. In a report released from May 2022, Human Rights Watch stated that it was currently investigating 22 potential summary executions, nine other unlawful killings, six possible kidnappings, seven cases of torture and 21 reported incidents of other forms of “unlawful confinement in inhuman and degrading conditions” carried out by Russian forces against civilians. But even this report doesn’t take into account traumatic impact on witnesses. Having witnessed the crime once, the witness continues to see the world through the prism of the observed violence
Analyzing The Effect of Foreign Capital Movements on Human Development in Developing Countries: A System GMM Approach
Authors: Anjum Sadia , Farooq Fatima , Chaudhry Imran Sharif , Ali Sharafat , Ahmed Waqas , Waqas Hamid
Published: August 2022

Foreign Capital Inflows (FCIs) have been playing a robust role in economic growth and development of the capital-deficient developing economies. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), workers’ remittances, and Official Development Assistance (ODA) are the major FCIs for developing economies. Previous empirical studies have concluded mixed impacts of such flows on human development in recipient economies. The present study examines the impacts of FDI, remittances, and ODA flows on human development in a larger panel of 71 developing economies from 2001 to 2019 using the system GMM econometric technique. The results show a positive and statistically significant impact of FDI and remittances on human development measured by the Human Development Index (HDI). Whereas, ODA has been found to have a negative impact on human development in selected developing economies. In addition, the study also concludes the positive impact of GDP and governance indicators on the human development of these economies. The findings of the study provide a comprehensive insight into the roles of FCIs in setting the human development trajectory of the developing economies. It provides guidelines for the policymakers and the governments to frame feasible and efficient policies to achieve the objective of human development in capital-starved developing countries.
Parametric Distribution’s Scrutiny over the Exchange Rate of Bitcoin
Authors: Khalid Umair , Syeda Asnia Arif  , Muhammad Umair Khan
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The research aims to analyze the log-returns of Bitcoin exchange rates against the US Dollar and Chinese Yuan by applying parametric distributions for understanding behavior and suggesting a best-fitted distribution.

Design/Methodology/Approach: Methodology involves the volatility risk analysis using the GARCH model for analyzing the behavior of Bitcoin Exchange rates of USD and CNY.

Findings: The results showed that the Weibull distribution gives the best fit to both of the currencies’ exchange rates

Implications/Originality/Value: The exchange rates of Bitcoin analyzed in this study in midst of myriad other cryptocurrencies using parametric distributions thereby encouraging the application of nonparametric and semiparametric distributions in similar scenarios. The application of this study would enable not only individual investors but also institutional investors and venture capital firms to stay informed of alternating trends and movements through distributions for predicting future returns.
Entrepreneurship in Spain: An Analysis Based on GEI Model
Authors: Jabeen Shaista
Published: August 2022

This paper has analyzed the entrepreneurial ecosystem in Spain, using the GEI (global entrepreneurship index). In this paper, first, the existing literature on entrepreneurship in Spain is reviewed, followed by a review of the EE concept (Entrepreneurial Ecosystem). After that, the level of entrepreneurship in Spain is analyzed with the help of indicators such as Self-employment and TEA. To analyze both individual and institutional indicators, the GEI (Global Entrepreneurship Index) has been utilized. The EE in Spain is compared with France and Germany, it is found that Spain is lagging in 12 pillars of GEI sub-indices in contrast with these countries. Then based on Penalty for Bottleneck methodology, policy suggestions have been made for Spain.
ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY EVALUATION OF MICROORGANISMS ISOLATED FROM POULTRY WATER IN AWKA METROPOLIS
Authors: OKAFOR UGOCHUKWU CHUKWUMA , UGWUEGBULEM PRISCA-MARIS
Published: August 2022

The research was aimed at determining the microorganisms that are responsible for the contamination of poultry water in Awka metropolis and to evaluate the susceptibility of these organisms to some antimicrobial agents in the case of infections arising from water given to poultry. Three (3) poultry water samples were collected from three different poultry farms all in Awka metropolis and were microbiologically analyzed using standard methods. The bacterial isolates include Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Five fungal species were isolated which were identified as Aspergillus sp., Mucor spp., Fusarium spp., Cryptococcus spp., Candida spp. Using the standard disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates was determined against antimicrobial agents. The effectiveness of the antimicrobials or the susceptibility of the isolates were defined in percentage as follows: Rocephin (7.7%), Pefloxacin (10.9%), Gentamycin (9.3%), Ciprofloxacin (8.8%), Streptomycin (10.4%), Ampiclox (9.5%), Septrin (11.0%), Zinnacef (10.7%), Erythromycin (11.8%), Amoxacillin (10.0%), Nitrofurantoin(12.0%) (for antibacterial) and Nystatin (37.0%), Fluconazole (27.0%), Ketoconazole (36.0%) (for antifungal). For the antibiotics, Isolate-1 was more susceptible to Erythromycin and Rocephin but resistant to Streptomycin. Isolate-2 was more susceptible to Nitrofurantoin, but resistant to SXT(0.0%), GET(0.0%) and AMC(0.0%),. Isolate-3 was more susceptible to Nitrofurantoin and Erythromycin but least susceptible to GET(10.9%). For the antifungals, Isolate-1 was more susceptible to FLU(51.0%) but least susceptible to NYS(21.5%). Isolate-2 was more susceptible to KET(42.8%) but least susceptible to FLU(23.7%). Isolate 3 was more susceptible to FLU(40.8%) but least susceptible to KET(28.7%). Isolate-4 was more susceptible to NYS(55.6%), resistant to FLU(0.0%) but least susceptible to KET(44.4%). Isolate-5 was more susceptible to NYS(50.5%) but least susceptible to KET(21.0%). Fungal resistance was seen among Fluconazole. Thus, Nitrofurantoin, erythromycin and Nystatin should be the first line of prescription in cases of poultry infections and diseases caused by bacteria and fungi respectively in the poultry houses.
Candidatas à presidência da República:
Authors: Garcia Janete Monteiro
Published: August 2022

O artigo analisa, sob o prisma da semiótica discursiva de Greimas, notícias publicadas na mídia impressa brasileira acerca das candidatas a presidente do Brasil, entre os anos de 1989 a 2018. O estudo contempla as interações sincréticas entre a linguagem verbal e visual, com foco em publicações de o O Estado de S.Paulo, Folha de S.Paulo, O Globo, da Veja, Isto É, Exame e Época. Identificam-se isotopias temáticas e figurativas que reconstroem estereótipos de gênero colocando a mulher em uma posição de “submissa” e “dependente” do masculino, isto é, como actante que não consegue se firmar como sujeito, permanecendo no papel de “ajudante”, que é incapaz de exercer tarefas requeridas pelo cargo político ocupado e/ou almejado.

Palavras-chave: Mulheres, Semiótica, Política, Mídia Impressa.
Intuition und transrationales Denken aus integraler Perspektive
Authors: Schatz Anastasia
Published: August 2022

Do humans and organizations need a new approach in order to cope with the conditions of this world? Intuition and a transrational way of thinking seem to play a vital role here. Wilber´s Integral Theory allows for any phenomenon to be viewed from a comprehensive perspective. In accordance with the four dimensions of the AQAL model, in this book, lifelike aspects are structured regarding human being, system, culture and values, thereby, building the foundation for a subsequent qualitative study. An artist, an author, a coach and a consultant function as experts and contribute to a topic-related reality excerpt and point to something crucial: transrational thinking.
Perspective Chapter: Pedagogical Approaches and Access to Education among Early Childhood Education Learners with Disabilities in Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic – Review of Available Literature
Authors: Nampijja Margaret , Ayiro Lillian , Nalugya Ruth
Published: August 2022

The COVID 19 pandemic suddenly hit the world disrupting access to education especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, threatening the future of millions of learners. This chapter discusses the effects of COVID-19 on early childhood education (ECE) for learners with disabilities in Africa, focusing on three questions: (1) What pedagogical approaches were used to enable access to education among ECE learners with disabilities during the COVID 19 pandemic? (2) How was access to education for ECE learners with disabilities, and what challenges and opportunities were experienced? (3) How can access to quality and equitable learning for ECE learners with disabilities during the crisis be improved? Literature revealed that the pandemic aggravated the hardships in accessing learning programs among learners with disabilities widening the gap between them and their counterparts. Countries resorted to remote and digital pedagogical approaches to enable continuity of learning; however, many did not cater for learners with disabilities. Where disabilities were catered for, the reach and utilization were limited by lack of resources and capacity. Concerted efforts promoting effective inclusive learning are critical for the current and future pandemics. Barriers to provision of equitable education, and long-term effects of COVID 19 on in ECE learners with disabilities should be investigated.
Electrical Circuits as Dynamical Systems
Authors: G. Gheorghe Alexandru , E. Marin Mihai
Published: August 2022

An electrical circuit containing at least one dynamic circuit element (inductor or capacitor) is an example of a dynamic system. The behavior of inductors and capacitors is described using differential equations in terms of voltages and currents. The resulting set of differential equations can be rewritten as state equations in normal form. The eigenvalues of the state matrix can be used to verify the stability of the circuit. The most fitted numerical methods to integrate electrical circuit differential equations are the Euler Method (Forward and Backward), the Trapezoidal Rule, and the Gear Method of second to sixth degree, for circuits having stiff equations. These methods are implemented, with adjustable time-step integration, in the majority of circuit simulation software, such as SPICE. The analytical solution can also be computed, for small-size circuits, applying the Laplace Transform. It is interesting to compare the graphical presentation of numerically and analytically obtained solutions. While the numerical methods can be used for both linear and nonlinear circuits, the Laplace Transform is mostly used for linear circuits. A method of using it for nonlinear circuits is also presented.
Perspective Chapter: Microfluidic Technologies for On-Site Detection and Quantification of Infectious Diseases – The Experience with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
Authors: Escobar Andres , Xu Chang-qing
Published: August 2022

Over the last 2 years, the economic and infrastructural damage incurred by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has exposed several limitations in the world’s preparedness for a pandemic-level virus. Conventional diagnostic techniques that were key in minimizing the potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were limited in their overall effectiveness as on-site diagnostic devices due to systematic inefficiencies. The most prevalent of said inefficiencies include their large turnaround times, operational costs, the need for laboratory equipment, and skilled personnel to conduct the test. This left many people in the early stages of the pandemic without the means to test themselves readily and reliably while minimizing further transmission. This unmet demand created a vacuum in the healthcare system, as well as in industry, that drove innovation in several types of diagnostic platforms, including microfluidic and non-microfluidic devices. In this chapter, we will explore how integrated microfluidic technologies have facilitated the improvements of previously existing diagnostic platforms for fast and accurate on-site detection of infectious diseases.
Clinical and Biological Overlap between Schizophrenia, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Trauma and Stress-Related Disorders: The Three-Tree Model of SCZ-ASD-TSRD
Authors: Shimizu Hitomi , Morimoto Yoshiro , Yamamoto Naoki , Kumazaki Hirokazu , Ozawa Hiroki , Imamura Akira
Published: August 2022

There is significant overlap in the clinical and neurobiological profiles of schizophrenia (SCZ), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and trauma- and stress-related disorders (TSRDs); moreover, they often co-occur as comorbid disorders. Although current international classification criteria and those in the psychiatry/psychology field recognize such comorbidities, the assessment and treatment of these patients are provided as independent disorders. In this chapter, we summarize the current understanding of the attributes shared by the three disorders and discuss the possible contributors to the development of SCZ, ASD, and TSRD, which include environmental, genetic, and biological factors. We also propose a three-tree model that represents the clinical and biological relationships among the three diseases as a new perspective for assessing and treating these disorders. A comprehensive understanding of these disorders will enable improvements in medical care for patients with these illnesses.
Evidence of a Neuroinflammatory Model of Tinnitus
Authors: Ahmed Raheel , Ahmed Rumana
Published: August 2022

Emerging literature has highlighted the relationship between inflammatory and neuroinflammatory biomarkers and tinnitus. Neuroinflammation may help to explain the mechanisms underpinning hyperactivity in the cochlea, cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body, and the auditory cortex in those with tinnitus. Glial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokines may cause excitatory-inhibitory synaptic imbalance. Advancing our understanding of these mechanisms may help elucidate the pathogenesis of tinnitus and lead to improvement in subtyping subjective tinnitus. The chapter explores our current understanding of the neuroinflammatory model within the context of the classical auditory pathway and what we can infer about the underlying mechanisms based on these studies.
Effects of Maternal Nicotine Exposure on Fibronectin Expression in the Kidney of Mouse Newborns in Embryonic and Milking Period
Authors: Shariati-Kohbanani Mahdi , Shabanizadeh Ahmad , Taghipour Zahra , Taghavi Mohammad Mohsen
Published: August 2022

Background: Tobacco use in various forms, including hookah, has increased in recent years, especially among young people, who are the group of reproductive age. In the present study, the effect of nicotine on fibronectin expression as a component of basement membrane and extracellular matrix was evaluated in the kidney tissue of neonates whose mothers were exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy and lactation period. Methods: Fibronectin expression on days 1, 7, 14, and 21 after delivery was evaluated in the kidneys of Balb/C mice neonates whose mothers were exposed to cigarette smoking during pregnancy and lactation periods. Immunohistochemical and real-time PCR evaluations were performed, and a comparison was made with the control groups. In the experimental groups, nicotine dissolved in saline was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 2 mg/kg daily until the desired day. Results: Our results demonstrated that the expression level of fibronectin increased in nicotine-administrated newborns compared to the healthy controls on days 1 (P = 0.043) and 7 (P = 0.008). The intensity of color reaction on days 1 and 7 was significantly higher in the main kidney structures, including glomeruli and proximal and distal convoluted tubules, in the experimental group than in the control group. The maximum fibronectin expression level was observed on day 7 in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Conclusions: Nicotine may decrease glomerular filtration rate by increasing fibronectin expression in the basement membrane and extracellular matrix, thereby justifying renal failure in infants exposed to nicotine during embryonic and lactation periods.
Evaluation of Psychiatric Counseling for Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in a University-Affiliated General Hospital in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Salehian Razieh , Nasr Esfahani Mehdi , Roshani Daem , Abdi Mahnaz
Published: August 2022

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a number of psychiatric problems in patients; however, mental healthcare in these patients does not appear to be adequate. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of psychological care provided to COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital and the most common reasons for psychiatric counseling. Methods: This study examined the electronic medical records of all COVID-19-positive patients admitted to Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in Tehran, Iran, within April 1 and September 30, 2020 (approximately 2200 cases). Results: Psychiatric consultation was requested for 5.45% of admitted patients with COVID-19 diagnosis based on a positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. More than half of those who received psychiatric counseling had a previous psychiatric disorder. The most common reason for requesting psychiatric counseling in patients with a previous psychiatric disorder was the patient’s evaluation and management; the most common reason in patients without a psychiatric disorder was agitation and lack of cooperation. The most common diagnosis in patients with a positive history of psychiatric disorder was bipolar disorders (33.9%), followed by opioid use disorder (29%). Adjustment disorder (54%) and delirium (26%) were the most common diagnoses in patients without a history of psychiatric disease. Conclusions: The current study showed that psychiatric counseling in COVID-19 patients was limited to a small number, including those with a positive history of psychiatric illnesses and prominent psychiatric symptoms.
How Is Patriotism a Virtue?
Authors: Lu M. T. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

Alasdair MacIntyre once famously asked “is patriotism is a virtue?” but never quite answered the question. In this paper, I seek to provide a more concrete response by analyzing whether patriotism fits the model of an Aristotelian natural virtue. Since Aristotle himself does not offer an extensive discussion of patriotism as a virtue, I take my inspiration from St. Thomas who does clearly regard something like patriotism as a part of the natural virtue of piety. After exploring the significance of Thomas’s key claim that patriotism is owed to the “sources of our being,” I sketch the structure of moral virtue in Aristotle with an emphasis on his claim that all the virtues are . Finally, I show how patriotism fits the model of an Aristotelian natural moral virtue and conclude by addressing a few natural objections.
Sibling Longevity
Authors: Boes Alisan , Boes Duane C. , Hillis Nichola
Published: August 2022

We explore the statistical likelihood of one, or more, siblings in a family of nine surviving to 100 years of age.
GPS: The Dog Leash Problem
Authors: Powers Robert , Chamberlin Michelle , Dutmer William
Published: August 2022

Growing Problem Solvers provides four original, related, classroom-ready mathematical tasks, one for each grade band. Together, these tasks illustrate the trajectory of learners’ growth as problem solvers across their years of school mathematics.
Espacios de afinidad docente en Twitter
Authors: Marcelo-Martínez Paula , Marcelo Carlos
Published: August 2022

Twitter has become a meeting and affinity space for teachers that allows the generation of online informal learning communities. Through the analysis of a total of 22,897 tweets that included the hashtag #Claustrovirtual distributed between the months of March 2020 and January 2022, we have analyzed the frequency and temporal distribution of publication. Through the Graphext program we have carried out an analysis of social networks, specifying the degree of centrality and betweenness centrality, which has allowed us to know the leadership roles assumed by the most active teachers in the hashtag. Through the analysis carried out, we have identified four roles in social networks: transceivers, transmitters, transcenders and traders. To descriptively analyze why and for what teachers use the #Claustrovirtual, we designed an instrument composed of 8 dimensions that was answered by 81 teachers with a high level of participation in the #Claustrovirtual. Among the results obtained, we found that these teachers use the hashtag in their publications both to locate and turn to teachers with more experience, as well as to raise doubts and questions to the community or ask for support from it.

Twitter se ha constituido en un espacio de encuentro y afinidad de docentes que permite  la generación de comunidades de aprendizaje informal en línea. A través del análisis de un total de 22.897 tuits que incluyeron el hashtag #Claustrovirtual distribuidos entre los meses de marzo de 2020 a enero de 2022 hemos analizado la frecuencia y distribución temporal de publicación. Mediante el programa Graphext hemos realizado un análisis de redes sociales, concretando el grado de centralidad y centralidad de intermediación, lo que nos ha permitido conocer los roles de liderazgo que asumen los docentes más activos en el hashtag. A través del análisis realizado hemos identificado cuatro roles en las redes sociales: emisores, transmisores, difusores e intermediadores. Para analizar de manera descriptiva por qué y para qué utilizan los docentes el #Claustrovirtual diseñamos un instrumento compuesto por 8 dimensiones que fue respondido por 81 docentes con un alto nivel de participación en el #Claustrovirtual. Entre los resultados obtenidos, encontramos que estos docentes hacen uso de hashtag en sus publicaciones tanto para localizar y recurrir a docentes con más experiencia, así como para plantear dudas y preguntas a la comunidad o pedir apoyo a la misma.
La competencia matemática de futuros maestros antes y después del confinamiento por la Covid-19
Authors: Nortes Martínez-Artero María Rosa , Nortes Checa Andrés
Published: August 2022

INTRODUCTION. Due to the pandemic, teachers and students have changed their way of teaching and learning. METHOD. To see if the competence in school mathematics in future teachers has varied before and after the confinement by Covid-19, a sample of four groups of students has been taken, two from the 2019/20 academic year, and another two from the 2021/22 academic year, belonging to the bilingual group and to a normal group who passed the sixth grade test to assess mathematical competence. RESULTS. The results indicate a considerable decrease in this two-year period in mathematical competence in Numbers, Measurement, Geometry and Uncertainty, and also in the three cognitive processes, the lowest being Knowing and reproducing. The differences are significant, while there are none between the results of the bilingual group and those of the normal group. CONCLUSIONS. The quarantine period and the online teaching format received have been able to influence the mathematical competence of future teachers.

INTRODUCCIÓN. Debido a la pandemia profesores y alumnos han cambiado su forma de enseñar y de aprender. MÉTODO. Para ver si ha variado la competencia en matemática escolar en futuros maestros antes y después del confinamiento por la Covid-19, se ha tomado una muestra de cuatro grupos de alumnos, dos del curso 2019/20, y otros dos del curso 2021/22, pertenecientes al grupo bilingüe y a un grupo normal a los que se les pasó la prueba de sexto de primaria de evaluación de la competencia matemática. RESULTADOS. Los resultados indican un descenso considerable en este periodo de dos años en la competencia matemática en Números, Medida, Geometría e Incertidumbre, y también en los tres procesos cognitivos, siendo el que más baja Conocer y reproducir. Las diferencias son significativas, mientras que no las hay entre los resultados del grupo bilingüe y los del grupo normal. CONCLUSIONES. El periodo de cuarentena y el formato de enseñanza online recibido han podido influir en la competencia matemática de los futuros maestros.
Fashion and physical recreation, or factors shaping the fashion trends of physical recreation of Primorye
Authors: Berbenets Olga Anatolyevna
Published: August 2022

The subject of the study is the formation of fashion trends of physical recreation of residents of Primorsky Krai. Based on the theories developed by philosophers and culturologists, the phenomenon of fashion was analyzed from the standpoint of its conceptual understanding as imitation of someone, which appeared as a reflection of the flaws of the elite. As a result, the fashion has its own functions: 1) contributed to some kind of social alignment between the elite and the masses; 2) contributed to the development of individuality.It was found that the fashion phenomenon is present not only in clothing, style, is an element of everyday life, but also has an impact on lifestyle and physical activity. Among the factors influencing the formation of fashionable trends of physical recreation, the author identified: 1) the appearance of modernized types of sports equipment, which are based on engineering and design ideas; 2) the development of new sports training techniques, acquaintance with which occurs through visual means of communication and the Internet; 3) the factor of business development, focused either on the provision of services or the sale of sporting goods; 4) state policy on popularization of mass sports and physical recreation through investment in the construction of sports infrastructure facilities. The article reveals the role of factors that influenced the formation of fashion trends for the physical recreation of the population of Primorsky Krai in 1970 – 2021. Tasks: to reveal the mutual influence of fashion trends and progress on the formation of fashionable trends in physical education of Primorye residents. The source base of the article consists of regulatory documents of the Government of the Russian Federation and Primorsky Krai, interviews (strategies, programs). The methodological basis of the article is the concept of everyday life, supplemented by economic and cultural-gender approaches that have had the greatest impact on the formation of fashion trends of physical recreation of residents of Primorsky Krai, reflected in the works of cultural scientists, philosophers.
Os animais peçonhentos na Saúde Pública
Authors: Souza Claudio Maurício Vieira de , Bochner Rosany
Published: August 2022

O livro discute os múltiplos fatores que envolvem os acidentes e problemas de saúde causados por animais peçonhentos, especialmente entre as populações mais vulneráveis. Os dois autores são pesquisadores pertencentes a uma geração formada em um dos tantos momentos especiais da trajetória da saúde pública no Brasil: a implantação do Programa Nacional de Ofidismo, em 1986. Dividido em quatro capítulos, o volume tem caráter introdutório e busca provocar a curiosidade do leitor para algumas das dimensões envolvidas nos acidentes por animais peçonhentos. Dessa forma, a obra se distancia das abordagens que se concentram apenas nos aspectos biológicos e médicos dessas questões, mostrando como o modelo de atenção aos acidentes por animais peçonhentos vem funcionando como um ecossistema de políticas públicas do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).
Of One Blood
Authors: Hopkins Pauline
Published: August 2022

A mixed-race Harvard medical student stumbles upon a hidden Ethiopian city, the inhabitants of which possess both advanced technologies and mystical powers.

Long before Marvel Comics gave us Wakanda, a high-tech African country that has never been colonized, this 1903 novel gave readers Reuel Briggs—a mixed-race Harvard medical student, passing as white, who stumbles upon Telassar. In this long-hidden Ethiopian city, whose wise, peaceful inhabitants possess both advanced technologies and mystical powers, Reuel discovers the incredible secret of his own birth. Now, he must decide whether to return to the life he's built, and the woman he loves, back in America—or play a role in helping Telassar take its rightful place on the world stage. Considered one of the earliest articulations of Black internationalism, Of One Blood takes as its theme the notion that race is a social construct perpetuated by racists.

Minister Faust is best known as author of The Coyote Kings of the Space-Age Bachelor Pad (2004) and 2007's Kindred Award-winning From the Notebooks of Dr. Brain (retitled Shrinking the Heroes, it also received the Philip K. Dick Award Special Citation). An award-winning journalist, community organizer, teacher, and workshop designer, Faust is also a former television host and producer, radio broadcaster, and podcaster. His 2011 TEDx talk, “The Cure For Death by Smalltalk,” has been viewed more than 840,000 times.
An Experienced Ethnologist’s Thoughts on Digitalization, Open Access, and Open Data as New Research Assets
Authors:   Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo, Norway, Gustavsson Anders
Published: August 2022

During the last two years of Covid pandemic we have seen the issues related to digitalization, Open Access, and Open Data (meaning open access to research results and research data) become more salient. Scientists have been unable to access archives and libraries in person, or to meet colleagues and students in physical meetings in the form of seminars, conferences or congresses. Distance has become the key word. Digital contacts have become the norm that shapes the scientific working day. In this subjectively oriented article, I intend to describe and comment on the new situation scientists have to face. These comments are based on my own background as a scientist since the 1970s. Scientists need to recognize the new opportunities that are offered by the new digital tools. This became particularly important in the conditions of the sudden pandemic outbreak in the early 2020s. What can we, scientists, learn from this development?
Suicide Games, Abandoned Houses, and Thirst For Danger: The Youth’s Personal Experience Narratives and the Media’s Moral Panics about Semi-Supernatural Challenges in Estonia
Authors:   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Tartu, Estonia, Hiiemäe Reet , Tins Andrus ,   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia
Published: August 2022

The article looks at the dynamics of the media and real life in relation to the so-called dangerous folklore of teenagers, which includes, for example, contacts with aggressive (semi-)supernatural fear creatures, frightening experiences in abandoned houses and notions of so-called suicide games. The authors analyse the interactions between media reality and youth behaviour and related developments in folklore. It is concluded that the presentation of media information in the form of moral panic mainly based on the concept of young people’s vulnerability, which focuses on extreme risk examples, does not support safer coping, but focuses only on certain types of risk behaviour, often ignoring other concerns and the complexity of problems but also natural self-protecting mechanisms of the youth.
Children as Consumers and Co-Creators of Cultural Products: The Impact of Foreign Films on Estonian Children’s Culture in the 1950s
Authors:   Estonian Folklore Archives, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia, Tuisk Astrid
Published: August 2022

This article gives a folkloristic insight into how cinema and films influenced Estonian children’s culture in the late 1940s and in the 1950s. During this period, Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union. Due to the lack of Soviet film production at that time, the cinemas began to show American, German, and other films of the 1930s, so-called foreign films or trophies. The post-World War II trophy films, which differed from Soviet films in both themes and images, but also ideals, characters, and soundtrack, became box-office hits. The source material comes from the relevant essays sent to the Estonian Folklore Archives at the Estonian Literary Museum. As memories show, cinema and films had a strong influence on children and young people. Trophy films had an impact on children’s culture, and children’s games and activities found inspiration in them. Children build the culture of their peers, being both consumers of the culture and creating a culture of their own based on the culture of adults. Adult films helped them to socialise and take part in cultural exchanges.