bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Analysis of CYP2C9 with Reference to Drug Response in Epilepsy Patients of Pakistan
Authors: Maqbool Hafsa , Saleem Tayyaba , Sheikh Nadeem , Ashfaq Aqsa
Published: January 2022

Epilepsy is a major global issue. Epilepsy patients are treated with AED (antiepileptic drugs). Interindividual variability in drug response has been documented in several studies. The resistance to drug response may be attributed to genetic polymorphism. The current study was undertaken to investigate the CYP2C9 gene polymorphism associated with antiepileptic drug (AED) resistance in the Pakistani population. The current study included 337 individuals including 100 control subjects, 110 drug-resistant subjects, and 127 drug responders. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood, and amplification of rs1799853 (430C > T) and rs1057910 was carried out by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes of CYP2C9 SNPs were determined by Sanger’s sequencing. Astounding results were observed in the current study that none of the well-known reported SNPs of CYP2C9 was found in our Pakistani cohorts. However, a novel missense variant (c.374G > A) was found only in drug-resistant patients of the current study. According to the in silico analysis performed by PolyPhen-2, it was observed that this nonsynonymous substitution is likely to be pathogenic. The results of our study demonstrated that rs1799853 and rs1057910 may be involved in drug resistance in the Pakistani population. However, some other variants on CYP2C9 may play a critical role in AED resistance that needs to be explored.
Curcumin Targeting NF-κB/Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System Axis Ameliorates Muscle Atrophy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cachexia Mice
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zheng Jin , Chen Haitao , Li Xinrong , Ye Chenxiao , Zhang Fan , Zhang Zewei , Yao Qinghua , Guo Yong
Published: January 2022

Background. Curcumin is a polyphenol plant-derived compound with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant stress, and anticancer properties that make it have the potential to treat cancer cachexia. However, the role of it in breast cancer cachexia remains unclear. Methods. The 4T1 cells were subcutaneously injected into BALB/c mice to induce breast cancer cachexia. After tumor formation, the animals were divided into groups and given curcumin or saline interventions. The therapeutic effect of curcumin on breast cancer cachexia was characterized by tumor growth, changes in body mass and gastrocnemius mass, muscle function test, histopathology, and serum nutrition indexes. Mitochondrial function in muscle tissue was observed by transmission electron microscopy and ATP detection, muscle inflammatory factors were detected by ELISA, muscle differential metabolites were detected by 1HNMR metabolomics, and the muscle tissue ubiquitination levels and NF-KB expression were also analyzed by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Results. Dynamic in vivo bioluminescence imaging find that curcumin inhibited the growth of tumor in triple-negative breast cancer- (TNBC-) bearing mice, slowed down the loss of body weight and gastrocnemius weight, corrected the mitochondrial dysfunction and malnutrition status, and also significantly improved skeletal muscle function. ELISA analysis found that the level of inflammatory factors in muscle tissue was reduced. 1HNMR metabolomics analysis suggested that curcumin could regulate energy metabolism pathways. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis found that the expression of myogenic factor myogenin was increased and the expression of myodegradation factor myostatin was decreased in the gastrocnemius; the level of ubiquitination and activation of the NF-κB pathway were also declined. Conclusions. Curcumin reduces ubiquitination, inflammation in skeletal muscle by regulating the NF-KB/UPS axis and improves muscle malignant metabolic phenotype and mitochondrial dysfunction, to alleviate muscle atrophy and loss of function in mice with breast cancer cachexia.
Forecasting Methods in Various Applications Using Algorithm of Estimation Regression Models and Converting Data Sets into Markov Model
Authors: El Genidy Mohammed M. , Beheary Mokhtar S.
Published: January 2022

Water quality control helps in the estimation of water bodies and detects the span of pollutants and their effect on the neighboring environment. This is why the water quality of the northern part of Lake Manzala has been studied here from January to March, 2016. This study aims to model and create a program for linear and nonlinear regression of the water elements in Lake Manzala to assess and predict the water quality. Water samples have been extracted from various depths, and physio‐chemical properties and heavy metal concentrations have been evaluated. This study has proposed a new algorithm for predicting water quality called “Algorithm of Estimation Regression Model” (AERM). On the contrary, in renewable energy applications, statistical modeling and forecasting the solar radiation remains a significant issue with detect to reinforce power management. A new proposed method for forecasting the average Monthly Global Solar Energy (MGSE) in Queensland, Australia, is called, Converting Data Set into Markov Model (CDMM). It was used to obtain Markov transition probability matrices for three and six states of the solar energy. The proposed forecasting method yielded accurate results with minimal error.
SERPINE1 Overexpression Promotes Malignant Progression and Poor Prognosis of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Chen Shujia , Li Yuqiao , Zhu Yinghui , Fei Jiayue , Song Liaoyuan , Sun Guoyan , Guo Lianyi , Li Xiaofei
Published: January 2022

The serine protease inhibitor clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) is a major inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase, and has been implicated in the development and progression of a variety of tumors. In this study, mRNA microarray and TCGA database were used to comprehensively analyze the upregulation of SERPINE1 in gastric cancer (GC) tissues compared with the normal stomach tissues. Kaplan-Meier results confirmed that patients with high SERPINE1 expression exhibited worse overall survival and disease-free survival. In addition, cell proliferation, cell scratches, transwell migration and invasion assay showed that SERPINE1 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC ells. Western blot showed that the expression of VEGF and IL-6 was significantly upregulated after overexpression of SERPINE1. Meanwhile, SERPINE1 was positively correlated with the level of immune infiltration using the online analysis tools TISIDB and TIMER. And SERPINE1 expression increased with the increase of malignancy of GC which were detected by Immunohistochemistry. Finally, tumorigenesis experiments in nude mice further demonstrated that SERPINE1 could promote the occurrence and development of GC, while deletion of SERPINE1 inhibited the progression of GC. In summary, SERPINE1 was highly expressed in GC tissues, and SERPINE1 was helpful for differential diagnosis of pathological grade of gastric mucosal lesions. SERPINE1 might regulate the expression of VEGF and IL-6 through the VEGF signaling pathway and JAK-STAT3 inflammatory signaling pathway, thus ultimately affecting the invasion and migration of GC cells.
Phosphorylation at Ser 727 Increases STAT3 Interaction with PKCε Regulating Neuron–Glia Crosstalk via IL-6-Mediated Hyperalgesia In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Li Xiongjuan , Zhou Biqiang , Yang Han , Yang Xinping , Zhao Zhao , Pan Zhenglong , Liao Xinran , Jian Wenling , Liu Yuqiang , Lu Han , Xue Qingsheng , Luo Yan , Yu Buwei , Huang Huansen , Ma Daqing , Liu Zhiheng
Published: January 2022

Background and Aim. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) modulates neurons–glia crosstalk and subsequently triggers hyperalgesia. This study is aimed at investigating whether the interaction between protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediated IL-6-induced hyperalgesia and neurocyte activation. Methods. A rat hyperalgesia model was induced using an intraplantar injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) or an intrathecal injection of IL-6. Mechanical allodynia was evaluated using von Frey filament tests after intrathecal injections of T-5224 (c-Fos/AP-1 inhibitor), minocycline (Mino, a specific microglia inhibitor), L-2-aminoadipic acid (LAA, an astroglial toxin), PKCε inhibitor peptide, APTSTAT3-9R (STAT3 inhibitor), or anti-IL-6 antibody. The c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKCε, STAT3, pSTAT3Tyr705 and pSTAT3Ser727, and IL-6 expression at the spinal cord level was assessed by Western blot analysis. The interactive effects of PKCε and STAT3 were determined using immunofluorescence staining and immunoprecipitation in vivo and in vitro. Interleukin-6 promoter activity was examined using luciferase assays. Results. T-5224, Mino, and LAA attenuated FCA- or IL-6-mediated inflammatory pain, with a decrease in c-Fos, GFAP, Iba-1, PKCε, and IL-6 expression. PKCε inhibitor peptide and APTSTAT3-9R reversed FCA-induced nociceptive behavior, while decreasing pSTAT3Ser727, IL-6, c-Fos, GFAP, and Iba-1 expression and PKCε and STAT3 coexpression. Interleukin-6 promoter activity increased in the presence of PKCε and STAT3. The interaction with PKCε increased on phosphorylating STAT3 at Ser727 but not at Tyr705. Conclusion. STAT3 phosphorylation at Ser 727 and the interaction with PKCε contribute to hyperalgesia via the IL-6-mediated signaling pathway, thus regulating neuron–glia crosstalk during inflammatory pain.
An Efficient Adaptive Salp Swarm Algorithm Using Type II Fuzzy Entropy for Multilevel Thresholding Image Segmentation
Authors: Mahajan Shubham , Mittal Nitin , Salgotra Rohit , Masud Mehedi , Alhumyani Hesham A. , Pandit Amit Kant
Published: January 2022

Salp swarm algorithm (SSA) is an innovative contribution to smart swarm algorithms and has shown its utility in a wide range of research domains. While it is an efficient algorithm, it is noted that SSA suffers from several issues, including weak exploitation, convergence, and unstable exploitation and exploration. To overcome these, an improved SSA called as adaptive salp swarm algorithm (ASSA) was proposed. Thresholding is among the most effective image segmentation methods in which the objective function is described in relation of threshold values and their position in the histogram. Only if one threshold is assumed, a segmented image of two groups is obtained. But on other side, several groups in the output image are generated with multilevel thresholds. The methods proposed by authors previously were traditional measures to identify objective functions. However, the basic challenge with thresholding methods is defining the threshold numbers that the individual must choose. In this paper, ASSA, along with type II fuzzy entropy, is proposed. The technique presented is examined in context with multilevel image thresholding, specifically with ASSA. For this reason, the proposed method is tested using various images simultaneously with histograms. For evaluating the performance efficiency of the proposed method, the results are compared, and robustness is tested with the efficiency of the proposed method to multilevel segmentation of image; numerous images are utilized arbitrarily from datasets.
Cryptotanshinone Suppressed Postmenopausal Osteoporosis by Preventing RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis against Kidney Injury
Authors: Yang Wenjiu , Han Jing , Gong Shuo , Zhao Jun , Yu Tengbo , Ma Jinfeng
Published: January 2022

Background. Cryptotanshinone (CPT), an active component extracted from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, exhibits extensive favorable bioactive properties including anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antibacterial, and antitumor effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of CPT on osteogenesis and explore related mechanisms both in vivo and in vitro. Methods. In the in vivo experiment, ovariectomized (OVX) female rats were intragastrically administered with CPT at doses of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg for 13 consecutive weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was employed to detect bone mineral density (BMD). ELISA assay was leveraged to detect the biochemical parameters such as BUN and creatinine in the kidney samples. Bone and kidney sections were dyed by H&E and Masson staining kits. In the in vitro experiment, the RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated through the receptor activation of the nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) to establish an osteoclast differentiation model, and CPT’s protective effect against bone loss was evaluated. Differentiated osteoclasts were determined by TRAP staining. While, osteoclast-marker proteins such as NFATc1, c-Fos, and cathepsin K were identified by Western blot. Results. The results from in vivo experiments revealed that CPT could elevate bone mass and increase bone formation markers in OVX rats. Intriguingly, CPT administration noticeably ameliorated the kidney injury in OVX rats by suppressing BUN and restoring creatinine levels. Furthermore, the results from in vitro experiments suggested that CPT downregulated the protein expression of osteoclast-associated genes such as cathepsin K, c-Fos, and NFATc1 which hinted the related potential mechanisms. Conclusion. The evidence from in vivo and in vitro experiments suggested that CPT exerted antiosteoclastogenic effects by inhibiting the activation of osteoclast differentiation followed by suppressing the protein expressions of cathepsin K, c-Fos, and NFATc1 in osteoclast precursors, and it exhibited protective effects against kidney damage, which highlighted its advantage in clinical application.
Serum Gastrin and Pepsinogen Levels after Administration of Acid Secretion Inhibitors for Ulcers due to Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection in Patients with Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Abuduwaili Maidina , Boda Tomoyuki , Ito Masanori , Takigawa Hidehiko , Kotachi Takahiro , Matsuo Taiji , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji
Published: January 2022

Acid secretion inhibitors, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and potassium competitive acid blockers (PCABs), are used to treat ulcers after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer. These drugs can influence serum gastrin and pepsinogen (PG) levels; however, their definite effects remain unclear. This open-label, randomized study investigated the effect of acid secretion inhibitors on the serum gastrin and pepsinogen levels. In total, 76 patients were enrolled in the study. They underwent gastric ESD and received a PPI (

n
=
21

) or PCAB (

n
=
55

). Changes in the serum gastrin and PG levels before and 4 weeks after administration were examined. Patient factors associated with the alteration of serum PG or gastrin levels were identified. The median serum levels of gastrin, PGI, and PGII before the administration of the acid secretion inhibitors were 110.5 pg/mL, 36.4 ng/mL, and 8.9 ng/mL, respectively; after administration, the levels increased to 300 pg/mL, 64.7 ng/mL, and 15.8 ng/mL, respectively (

P
<
0.01

). Univariate analysis revealed that PCABs led to a more significant increase in the serum gastrin and PG levels as compared to PPIs. Furthermore, the PG levels were significantly increased in patients with previous Helicobacter pylori infections than in those with current infections. In conclusion, the serum gastrin and PG levels increased after the use of acid secretion inhibitors. This elevation was affected by the type of drug used, whereas the elevation in PGs was affected by the patient’s background as well.
Tradeoff Optimization Technology of Effectiveness-Cost for Satellite-Based on CAIV Method
Authors: Chen Zhiwei , Jiao Jian , De Xinlin , Fan Dongming
Published: January 2022

The tradeoff of effectiveness and cost is a vital problem for complex industrial systems, mainly applied in the weapons and aviation fields. As a typical complex industrial system, the effectiveness-cost tradeoff of the satellites becomes challenging and interesting. This paper takes a remote sensing satellite as a research object, and an integrated approach to assess and optimize its effectiveness and cost is proposed. The characteristic parameters are selected according to an analysis of its structure and mission. Furthermore, the effectiveness evaluation model is established based on the Availability-Dependability-Capability (ADC) model, and the cost parameter model is developed using historical data and regression analysis. According to the Cost as Independent Variable (CAIV) method, the objective function of the satellite effectiveness-cost with the effectiveness-cost tradeoff space is established. The objective function is solved and optimized using a genetic algorithm to achieve a more efficient and economical satellite design scheme.
Herbal Medicine Prescriptions for Functional Dyspepsia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea
Authors: Lee Boram , Ahn Eun Kyoung , Yang Changsop
Published: January 2022

Background. Herbal medicine is widely used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) in East Asian countries. We aimed to analyze the prescription patterns of herbal medicine for patients with FD in Korean medicine clinical settings through the analysis of national health insurance claims data over the past 10 years and to check how herbal medicine has been used for FD within the scope of national health insurance. Methods. All prescription data claimed to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service with the diagnosis of FD and herbal medicine prescriptions in 2010–2019 were reviewed. We estimated the demographics, clinical characteristics, and annual prescription amount and cost of each herbal medicine. Frequent comorbidities of FD were investigated by analyzing the frequency of the Korean standard classification of diseases codes used together with FD. Results. In total, 19,388,248 herbal medicine prescriptions were identified. Herbal medicine prescriptions were mostly claimed by women, the elderly, outpatients at Korean medicine clinics, and national health insurance; the number increased every year. The most frequently prescribed herbal medicine was Pingwei-san (Pyeongwi-san) (31.12%), followed by Xiangshapingwei-san (Hyangsapyeongwi-san) (23.20%), Qiongxia-tang (Gungha-tang) (6.31%), and Banxiaxiexin-tang (Banhasasim-tang) (6.25%). The total cost of herbal medicine prescriptions increased every year, and it was highest for Xiangshapingwei-san (Hyangsapyeongwi-san) (19.37%), followed by Banxiaxiexin-tang (Banhasasim-tang) (17.50%) and then Pingwei-san (Pyeongwi-san) (15.63%). Musculoskeletal and connective tissue diseases including low back pain and myalgia were the commonest comorbidities associated with FD. Conclusion. This is the first study to investigate the disease burden and actual prescription pattern of herbal medicine for FD using claim data. Future clinical research and related healthcare policies should be established based on our study.
Nonnative Teachers’ and Observers’ Evaluation of Teachers’ Teaching Quality: Perceptual Convergences and Divergences in Postobservation Conferences
Authors: Ameri Amirhamid Forough
Published: January 2022

One of the major purposes of observation is the improvement of instruction. In fact, observers evaluate teachers’ teaching quality and negotiate their critical comments with teachers in postobservation conferences. This paper was an attempt to investigate and compare Iranian EFL teachers’ and observers’ evaluations of teachers’ teaching quality. Specifically, we attempted to figure out any possible perceptual matches and/or mismatches between teachers and observers concerning teachers’ teaching quality. To this end, postobservation conferences between three Iranian EFL observers (one female and two male) and 11 Iranian EFL teachers who worked at a language institute in Iran were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Our findings indicated that two major themes were recurrent vis-à-vis observers’ evaluations; that is, their evaluations were mainly based on the specific teaching methodology of the institute as well as teachers’ and learners’ pronunciation and intonation. Three perceptual matches were found: teachers’ agreement with the observers’ comments regarding teaching methodology, pronunciation and stress patterns, as well as teachers’ general information. Furthermore, three major perceptual mismatches were found when teachers disagreed with the observers’ comments regarding teaching methodology, pronunciation and stress patterns, and teachers’ time management. Finally, our findings indicated that most of such perceptual mismatches were resolved through the dialogic interaction that occurred between the observers and teachers. A practical implication is that holding such postobservation conferences is of utmost importance as they might be mutually beneficial for both observers and teachers.
Sodium Butyrate Ameliorates Oxidative Stress-Induced Intestinal Epithelium Barrier Injury and Mitochondrial Damage through AMPK-Mitophagy Pathway
Authors: Li Xin , Wang Chunchun , Zhu Jiang , Lin Qian , Yu Minjie , Wen Jiashu , Feng Jie , Hu Caihong
Published: January 2022

Sodium butyrate has gained increasing attention for its vast beneficial effects. However, whether sodium butyrate could alleviate oxidative stress-induced intestinal dysfunction and mitochondrial damage of piglets and its underlying mechanism remains unclear. The present study used a hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced oxidative stress model to study whether sodium butyrate could alleviate oxidative stress, intestinal epithelium injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) in AMPK-mitophagy-dependent pathway. The results indicated that sodium butyrate alleviated the H2O2-induced oxidative stress, decreased the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and mRNA expression of genes related to mitochondrial function, and inhibited the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c (Cyt c). Sodium butyrate reduced the protein expression of recombinant NLR family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran 4 kDa (FD4) permeability and increased transepithelial resistance (TER) and the protein expression of tight junction. Sodium butyrate increased the expression of light-chain-associated protein B (LC3B) and Beclin-1, reduced the expression of P62, and enhanced mitophagy. However, the use of AMPK inhibitor or mitophagy inhibitor weakened the protective effect of sodium butyrate on mitochondrial function and intestinal epithelium barrier function and suppressed the induction effect of sodium butyrate on mitophagy. In addition, we also found that after interference with AMPKα, the protective effect of sodium butyrate on IPEC-J2 cells treated with H2O2 was suppressed, indicating that AMPKα is necessary for sodium butyrate to exert its protective effect. In summary, these results revealed that sodium butyrate induced mitophagy by activating AMPK, thereby alleviating oxidative stress, intestinal epithelium barrier injury, and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by H2O2.
Image Processing and Imaging Technology in Cardiac Medical Surgery
Authors: Han Li , Yang Yun
Published: January 2022

In this thesis, transesophageal multiplanar ultrasound probes are used to detect epicardial echocardiography during cardiac valve replacement surgery. We observed the heart structure and valve function, left ventricular systolic function, residual shunt, and other information. There were three patients in the ultrasound examination before cardiopulmonary bypass. This has new findings and supplements for preoperative diagnosis. So, we changed the surgical approach and surgical plan and increased the surgical content. Epicardial echocardiography is easy to operate and has a wide range of indications. It has particular clinical application value in cardiac surgery.
Environmentally Friendly Controlled Synthesis of Gold Nanostars with Collagen by One‐Step Reduction Method
Authors: Vo Quoc Khuong , Nguyen Anh Thu , Ho Huu Tien , Huynh Le Thanh Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Phuong Phong , Nguyen Thi Hong-Tham
Published: January 2022

In this study, gold nanostars (AuNSs) were prepared by a facile and environmentally friendly method through the one‐step reduction process with collagen as the stabilizing agent. The use of collagen, a highly biocompatible protein with many functional amines groups, can facilitate the simultaneous controlled synthesis and surface protecting of gold nanoparticles in one step. This synthetic process was operated in the aqueous solution of tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4) at room temperature, in which ascorbic acid serves as a reductive agent. The influence of collagen concentration (0.02‐0.06 mM) on the morphology of AuNSs was carefully studied to clarify its dual roles as stabilizing and controlling agents for the growth of the particles. Besides that, by simply adjusting reaction components such as the molar ratio of ascorbic acid to HAuCl4 and pH value, the length of the AuNS tips was also controlled. This study could offer a novel modified approach in the controlled synthesis process of AuNSs with the biomolecules collagen. The resulting AuNSs were then characterized by ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), zeta potential, Fourier transform‐infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and circular dichroism (CD), as well as selected area electron diffraction (SAED). UV‐Vis spectroscopy showed the formation of AuNSs with the maximum surface plasmon resonance peak at 600‐639 nm. TEM results revealed that the average particle size of the AuNSs stabilized by the collagen ranged from 27.39 nm to 41.55 nm, depending on the experimental composition and the pH values. HRTEM, EDS, and SAED results prove a more precise insight into the formation of pure gold nanocrystals. Analysis of the current results may also help better understand the growth mechanism of AuNSs during the synthesis process in the presence of collagen. The Au concentration quantified by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) technique after separating and decomposing with microwave‐assisted digestion exhibits that the synthesis of AuNSs has a high yield of 88.62%. Additionally, the colloidal stability of AuNS‐collagen against different NaCl concentrations, pH, temperatures, and storage time was also examined through UV‐Vis spectroscopy. The investigation results reveal that AuNS‐collagen remains stable in NaCl 2.0% (w/v), from mildly acidic to neutral pH (4‐7), below the temperature of 40°C, and within 21 days postsynthesis. The AuNS synthesized by this eco‐friendly method is promising for many potential applications in biomedical field.
Study on Factors Influencing the Viscosity of Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Used in Capsule-Mucous Sealers
Authors: Wang Fakai , Sun Zhongguang , Li Xuelong , Wang Kequan , Chen Deyou , Li Zhen
Published: January 2022

A decrease in the viscosity of a solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) is a commonly encountered problem in coalbed methane (CBM) pressure measurement with an apron CMC-Na sealer and capsule CMC-Na sealer. Studies have shown that the factors that can reduce the CMC-Na solution viscosity include the hydrogen ion concentration index (pH), the environmental temperature, the drilling and sealing time, and the high-pressure CBM gas environment. In this study, a homemade instrument for measuring the viscosity of a CMC-Na solution under high pressure was used to determine the change laws of the viscosity under different conditions, and comparative tests were performed to investigate various factors affecting the viscosity. The best solution for stabilizing the viscosity was determined and effectively applied at a coal mine site, where an overall improvement in the viscosity behaviour was observed.
The ROS/GRK2/HIF-1α/NLRP3 Pathway Mediates Pyroptosis of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes and the Regulation of Monomer Derivatives of Paeoniflorin
Authors: Hong Zhongyang , Zhang Xianzheng , Zhang Tianjing , Hu Ling , Liu Ruijin , Wang Pan , Wang Han , Yu Qianqian , Mei Dan , Xue Ziyang , Zhang Feng , Zhang Lingling
Published: January 2022

Hypoxia is an important factor in the development of synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The previous study of the research group found that monomeric derivatives of paeoniflorin (MDP) can alleviate joint inflammation in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis. This study revealed increased levels of hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α and N-terminal p30 fragment of GSDMD (GSDMD-N) in fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) of RA patients and AA rats, while MDP significantly inhibited their expression. Subsequently, FLS were exposed to a hypoxic environment or treated with cobalt ion in vitro. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed increased expression of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), HIF-1α, nucleotide-binding oligomerization segment-like receptor family 3 (NLRP3), ASC, caspase-1, cleaved-caspase-1, and GSDMD-N. Electron microscopy revealed FLS pyroptosis after exposure in hypoxia. Next, corresponding shRNAs were transferred into FLS to knock down hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α, and in turn, NLRP3 and western blot results confirmed the same. The enhanced level of GSDMD was reversed under hypoxia by inhibiting NLRP3 expression. Knockdown and overexpression of GRK2 in FLS revealed GRK2 to be a positive regulator of HIF-1α. Levels of GRK2 and HIF-1α were inhibited by eliminating excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, MDP reduced FLS pyroptosis through targeted inhibition of GRK2 phosphorylation. According to these findings, hypoxia induces FLS pyroptosis through the ROS/GRK2/HIF-1α/NLRP3 pathway, while MDP regulates this pathway to reduce FLS pyroptosis.
The Development of the Framework of Effective Teaching-Learning in Clinical Education: A Meta-Synthesis Approach
Authors: Ahmady Soleiman , Khani Hamed
Published: January 2022

Teaching as the center of every curriculum is a set of actions undertaken to create and facilitate student learning. In recent years, the number of qualitative studies of effective teaching in clinical education of undergraduate medical education has increased. As the number of research studies grows, it is necessary to aggregate them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to synthesize effective teaching-learning factors through the meta-synthesis in clinical education. In this study, the meta-synthesis approach was used to synthesize qualitative evidence in relation to effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. From 1990 to 2021, electronic databases and journals were searched to identify studies and publications on effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. Based on the combination and search strategies in the databases (OVID, PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Eric, Magiran, and SID), 33,799 and 56 studies were identified from other sources. Following reviewing the full text of the articles, 53 studies were selected. Forty-five studies were selected and included in the meta-synthesis process after critical appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program. The synthesis of qualitative evidence was developed as an effective teaching-learning framework in clinical education. Based on this comprehensive framework, effective teaching-learning in clinical education can be seen through behavioral or content (learner, teacher, and patient and their behaviors), social (collaborative learning community), pedagogical (instructional design and teaching-learning opportunities), contextual (positive and supportive clinical environment), and educational leadership (classroom management and structure) lenses. The current research is the first qualitative meta-synthesis to provide a thorough and comprehensive review of effective teaching-learning factors in clinical education. The results of this meta-synthesis provide a holistic view of clinical education and can help with clinical teaching-learning design.
Bioconvection Unsteady Magnetized Flow in a Horizontal Channel with Dufour and Soret Effects
Authors: Hussain Muzamil , Farooq Umer , Bano Gulfam , Cui Jifeng , Muhammad Taseer
Published: January 2022

In the current decade, bioconvection phenomenon has received a lot of attention in research because of its applications in the biological polymer synthesis, biosensors and biotechnology, pharmaceutical industry, microbial enhanced oil recovery, environmentally friendly applications, and continuous refinements in mathematical modeling. Therefore, this article is prepared to address the unsteady mixed bioconvection in electrically conducting fluid flow between two infinite parallel plates with magnetic field and first-order chemical reaction impacts. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer study has taken Dufour and Soret effects into account. The nonlinear coupled systems representing the continuity, momentum, energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms’ equations are renewed into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) by employing the similarity renovation. The renovated ODEs are interpreted by the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). Impacts of the different emerging parameters, namely, magnetic field parameter (

M

), heat generation parameter (

Q

), Dufour number (

D
u

), Soret number (

S
r

), Schmidt number (

S
c

), chemical reaction parameter (

K

0

), Prandtl number (

P
r

), squeezing parameter (

β

), Peclet number (

P
e

), and Lewis number (

L
e

) on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism profiles as well as the frictional drag, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganisms mass flux are presented. The main outcomes of this investigation are that the velocity profile rises as the squeezing parameter is increased, and clear enhancement is noticed in the temperature profile for augmented estimations of chemical reaction, heat generation/absorption, and Dufour parameters. There is a significant downward trend in the concentration profile and microorganism density for elevated values of Dufour and Soret parameters.
Evaluation of Different Rates of Ampligo Insecticide against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith); Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Coastal Savannah Agroecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Osae Michael Y. , Frimpong Justice O. , Sintim Joshua O. , Offei Benjamin K. , Marri Dinah , Ofori Selorm E. K.
Published: January 2022

The destructive nature of maize fall armyworm has triggered the importation of plenty of plant protection products onto the Ghanaian agrochemical marketplace. These imported chemicals sold at market places sometimes are unregistered for use in the Ghanaian environment. Thus, some importers do not do due diligence in testing the chemical agronomically to ascertain its mode of action and also being not harmful to beneficial insect species in the Ghanaian environment. It was in this view that three Ampligo concentrations or rates (0 ml/ha, 200 ml/ha, and 240 ml/ha) were tested against FAW on maize that were sown at a spacing of 60 cm × 60 cm. Treatments applied to maize were arranged in a randomised complete block design and replicated three times. Ampligo rates caused a very significant (

p

 < 0.05) reduction in FAW at 21 and 28 days after maize emergence. The damage to maize leaf on treated maize plot was significantly (

p

 < 0.05) different from that on the untreated. Thus, damage of FAW was more visible on maize leaves on control plots compared to the treated ones. A significantly (

p

 < 0.05) positive correlation existed between damage rating and FAW number. Furthermore, the Ampligo rates correlated negatively to FAW density at

p

 = 0.014 at 21 days after emergence. Also, FAW infestation did not impact maize grain yield. The study, therefore, concluded that Ampligo pesticide falls in low-risk plant protection product category with a very potent active ingredient that reduces FAW populations. We recommend that Ampligo should be applied between 14 and 21 days after emergence; two applications at one-week interval at 200 ml/ha are sufficient to sustain maize for the whole cropping season.
Peroxiredoxin-5 Knockdown Accelerates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice
Authors: Hu Chengyun , Dai Feibiao , Wang Jiawu , Jiang Lai , Wang Di , Gao Jie , Huang Jun , Luo Jianfeng , Tang Fei , Zhang Zhetao , Tang Chaoliang
Published: January 2022

A recent study showed that peroxiredoxins (Prxs) play an important role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the involvement of Prx5 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the role and mechanisms of Prx5 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to establish a pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy model. In this study, we found that Prx5 expression was upregulated in hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes. In addition, Prx5 knockdown accelerated pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice by activating oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Importantly, heart deterioration caused by Prx5 knockdown was related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation. These findings suggest that Prx5 could be a novel target for treating cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
The Recognition of Action Idea EEG with Deep Learning
Authors: Zou Guoxia
Published: January 2022

The recognition in electroencephalogram (EEG) of action idea is to identify what action people want to do by EEG. The significance of this project is to help people who have trouble in movement. Their action ideas are identified by EEG, and then robot hands can assist them to complete the action. This paper, with comparative experiments, used OpenBCI to collect EEG action ideas during static action and dynamic action and used the EEG recognition model Conv1D‐GRU to training and recognition action, respectively. The experimental result shows that the brain wave action idea is easier to recognize in static state. The accuracy of brain wave action idea recognition in dynamic state is only 72.27%, and the accuracy of brain wave action idea recognition in static state is 99.98%. The experimental result confirms that the action idea will be of great help to people with mobility difficulties.
[Retracted] Film and Television Animation Sensing and Visual Image by Computer Digital Image Technology
Authors: Lian Lu , Lei Tong
Published: January 2022

In order to study the application of computer digital image processing technology in film and television (FAT) animation visual sensing expression, by studying the principle of digital image processing technology and visual sensing technology, a spatial image adaptive steganography image enhancement algorithm by multiscale filters is proposed to carry out enhancement processing of the original image in FAT production. This algorithm can provide more high‐quality and refined original materials for FAT animation production, which is convenient for FAT animation postproduction to produce higher‐resolution and clear FAT works. Finally, the algorithm is verified. The results show that the spatial image adaptive steganography image enhancement algorithm has high security, and the highest average detection error rate is 25.06%. When α = 0.4, the security of the spatial image adaptive steganography image enhancement algorithm is up to 34.62% and the image distortion rate is low. The established image enhancement algorithm can significantly improve the security of the existing spatial image steganography algorithm under different embedding rates, especially at a high embedding rate; the improvement of the spatial domain steganography algorithm is greater. The proposed steganographic image enhancement algorithm by image preprocessing has higher security and better image enhancement effect.
lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 Promotes M1 Polarization of Macrophage and Inflammatory Response through the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK Pathway
Authors: Hu Dan , Wang Yuzhong , You Zhihuan , Lu Yingfei , Liang Caihong
Published: January 2022

Background. Macrophage-mediated inflammation plays an essential role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), as crucial regulators, participate in this process. We identified that lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was significantly upregulated in the plasma exosomes of coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) patients in a preliminary work. In the present study, we aim to assess the role of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 in macrophage-mediated inflammatory process of AS. Methods. The correlation between lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 and inflammatory factors was estimated firstly in plasma exosomes of CAD patients. Subsequently, we established lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockout macrophage model via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We then investigated the regulatory effects of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 on macrophage polarization and foam cell formation. Eventually, transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing was carried out to explore the contribution of differential genes and signaling pathways in this process. Results. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was highly expressed in the plasma exosomes of CAD patients and was positively correlated with the expression of inflammatory cytokines in plasma. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 inhibition significantly reduced the formation of foam cells. The expression of lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 was upregulated in M1 macrophage, and lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockout decreased the polarization of M1 macrophage. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 regulates macrophage polarization via the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusions. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 knockdown can inhibit M1 polarization of macrophage and inflammatory response through the TLR4-MyD88-MAPK signaling pathway. lnc-MRGPRF-6:1 is a vital regulator in macrophage-mediated inflammatory process of AS.
Exosome-Mediated miR-21 Was Involved in the Promotion of Structural and Functional Recovery Effect Produced by Electroacupuncture in Sciatic Nerve Injury
Authors: Liu Yu-pu , Yang Yi-duo , Mou Fang-fang , Zhu Jing , Li Han , Zhao Tian-tian , Zhao Yue , Shao Shui-jin , Cui Guo-hong , Guo Hai-dong
Published: January 2022

Purpose. Our study is aimed at investigating the mechanism by which electroacupuncture (EA) promoted nerve regeneration by regulating the release of exosomes and exosome-mediated miRNA-21 (miR-21) transmission. Furthermore, the effects of Schwann cells- (SC-) derived exosomes on the overexpression of miR-21 for the treatment of PNI were investigated. Methods. A sciatic nerve injury model of rat was constructed, and the expression of miR-21 in serum exosomes and damaged local nerves was detected using RT-qPCR after EA treatment. The exosomes were identified under a transmission electron microscope and using western blotting analysis. Then, the exosome release inhibitor, GW4869, and the miR-21-5p-sponge used for the knockdown of miR-21 were used to clarify the effects of exosomal miR-21 on nerve regeneration promoted by EA. The nerve conduction velocity recovery rate, sciatic nerve function index, and wet weight ratio of gastrocnemius muscle were determined to evaluate sciatic nerve function recovery. SC proliferation and the level of neurotrophic factors were assessed using immunofluorescence staining, and the expression levels of SPRY2 and miR-21 were detected using RT-qPCR analysis. Subsequently, the transmission of exosomal miR-21 from SC to the axon was verified in vitro. Finally, the exosomes derived from the SC infected with the miR-21 overexpression lentivirus were collected and used to treat the rat SNI model to explore the therapeutic role of SC-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-21. Results. We found that EA inhibited the release of serum exosomal miR-21 in a PNI model of rats during the early stage of PNI, while it promoted its release during later stages. EA enhanced the accumulation of miR-21 in the injured nerve and effectively promoted the recovery of nerve function after PNI. The treatment effect of EA was attenuated when the release of circulating exosomes was inhibited or when miR-21 was downregulated in local injury tissue via the miR-21-5p-sponge. Normal exosomes secreted by SC exhibited the ability to promote the recovery of nerve function, while the overexpression of miR-21 enhanced the effects of the exosomes. In addition, exosomal miR-21 secreted by SC could promote neurite outgrowth in vitro. Conclusion. Our results demonstrated the mechanism of EA on PNI from the perspective of exosome-mediated miR-21 transport and provided a theoretical basis for the use of exosomal miR-21 as a novel strategy for the treatment of PNI.
Wind Load and Wind Vibration Response of a TV Tower Based on Force Measurement Test in a Wind Tunnel
Authors: Xia Daqiao , Peng Kangfu
Published: January 2022

Television towers have a complex aerodynamic shape and low damping characteristics. As such, the wind load and the wind induction response are key factors in their design and maintenance. To study these two parameters of high‐rise TV towers, a wind tunnel force test was conducted at a height of 280 m using the Foshan TV tower as a model. The TV tower model was divided into seven detachable sections. Three wind fields with different turbulence intensities were simulated in the wind tunnel, corresponding to different sections, and lateral force tests were performed on each section using a high‐frequency dynamic balance. The experimental results were used to calculate the wind‐induced response when considering the modal (first three‐order) coupled response and were compared with the wind‐induced response calculated using the complete quadratic combination (CQC) method. The results revealed that equivalent static wind loads (ESQL) and CQC calculation methods were used in this study, and a higher degree of coincidence was observed, which may be useful in engineering practice.
Nilpotent Symmetries of a Model of 2D Diffeomorphism Invariant Theory: BRST Approach
Authors: Malik R. P.
Published: January 2022

Within the framework of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism, we discuss the full set of proper BRST and anti-BRST transformations for a 2D diffeomorphism invariant theory which is described by the Lagrangian density of a standard bosonic string. The above (anti-)BRST transformations are off-shell nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting. The latter property is valid on a submanifold of the space of quantum fields where the 2D version of the universal (anti-)BRST invariant Curci-Ferrari (CF) type of restrictions is satisfied. We derive the precise forms of the BRST and anti-BRST invariant Lagrangian densities as well as the exact expressions for the conserved (anti-)BRST and ghost charges. The lucid derivation of the proper anti-BRST symmetry transformations and the emergence of the CF-type restrictions are completely novel results for our present bosonic string which has already been discussed earlier in literature where only the BRST symmetry transformations have been pointed out. We briefly mention the derivation of the CF-type restrictions from the modified version of the Bonora-Tonin superfield approach, too.