bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
« Venir de loin » et « devenir pour un temps le patient sans le savoir » : deux conditions inhérentes au travail psychanalytique selon Ferenczi
Authors: Borgogno Franco
Published: January 2016

L’auteur présente ce que sont, selon Ferenczi, les conditions pour qu’un processus analytique soit réellement analytique. La première concerne le fait que les analystes, comme leurs patients, « viennent de loin », un concept de l’auteur (Borgogno, 2011). La seconde, strictement liée à la première, se rapporte à la conviction de Ferenczi selon laquelle le savoir psychanalytique n’est pas un produit de l’intellect mais un produit électivement viscéral, étant donné que si les analystes veulent vraiment comprendre leur patient, ils doivent alors d’abord « prendre sur eux-mêmes » sa souffrance, « devenant pour un temps, et pour ainsi dire, le patient lui-même ». L’auteur décrit le développement de ces deux conditions essentielles pour Ferenczi tout au long de son œuvre, de ses premiers écrits psychanalytiques à son Journal clinique .
Review of electron transport properties in bulk InGaAs and InAs at room temperature
Authors: Karishy Slyman , Ziadé Pierre , Sabatini Giulio , Marinchio Hugues , Palermo Christophe , Varani Luca , Mateos Javier , Gonzalez Tomas
Published: January 2016

A Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in In0.53Ga0.47As and InAs is performed in order to extract the main kinetic parameters: mean valley population, effective mass, drift velocity, mean energy, ohmic and differential mobility. Most of these quantities are crucial for the development of macroscopic numerical models. Moreover, for some calculated quantities, analytical interpolation equations are given in order to achieve easy implementation in numerical codes. A comparison between our Monte Carlo calculation and several experimental and theoretical calculations is also carried out in order to validate the results.
The dual property of number and velocity fluctuations of charge carriers in a macroscopic conductor under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions
Authors: Reggiani Lino , Alfinito Eleonora , Kuhn Tilmann
Published: January 2016

Fluctuation-dissipation relations are complemented by relating the macrovariables conductance and resistance, that describe dissipation, to the microvariables variance of carrier number and drift velocity fluctuations, that are the noise sources for constant voltage and constant current operation conditions, respectively. Thermal equilibrium implies a relationship between these two noise sources which follows from the reciprocity property of conductance and resistance. The boundary conditions of the measurement select the proper microscopic source of fluctuations to be related to the dissipation. An important consequence is that the source of shot noise, being associated with fluctuations of the carrier number inside the sample, is already present under equilibrium conditions, while the time scale of the source changes from an effective transport time to a current transit time when going from equilibrium to nonequilibrium conditions.
Analytical Solution of Hydrostatic Pocket Tilting
Authors: Stach Eduard , Falta Jiří , Sulitka Matěj
Published: January 2016

Tilting (parallelism error) of guiding surfaces may cause reduction of load capacity of hydrostatic (HS) guideways and bearings in machine tools (MT). Using coupled finite element (FE) computational models of MT structures, it is nowadays possible to determine the extent of guiding surfaces deformation caused by thermal effects, gravitational force, cutting forces and inertia effects. Assessment of maximum allowable tilt has so far been based merely on experience. The paper presents a detailed model developed for description of the effect of HS bearing tilt on the load capacity characteristics of HS guideways. The model allows an evaluation of the tilt influence on the change of the characteristics as well as determination of the limit values of allowable tilt in interaction with compliant machine tool structure. The proposed model is based on the model of flow over the land of the HS pocket under extended Navier-Stokes equation. The model is verified using an experimental test rig.
Influence of the Radial Gap under the Stator Blade on Flow Around the Hub-End of the Rotor Blade
Authors: Straka Petr , Němec Martin
Published: January 2016

This article deals with experimental and numerical investigation of flow in an axial turbine stage with prismatic blades which are not equipped with the shroud.Main attention is paid to explain the influence of the radial clearance under the stator blade on the flow around the rotor blade.The experiment was performed on the test rig equipped with the water brake dynamometer, torque meter and rotatable stator together with the linear probe manipulator.Numerical modelling was carried out for the unsteady flow using the ``sliding mesh'' interface between the stator and rotor wheels.Results of the numerical simulation are compared with the experimental data.
Study of Scale Effect in a Starved Elastohydrodynamically Lubricated Contact
Authors: Svoboda Petr , Kostal David , Křupka Ivan , Hartl Martin
Published: January 2016

The article describes an experimental investigation of scale effect in a starved elastohydrodynamically lubricated contact on lubricant film thickness. Lubricant film thickness and its distribution is one of the most important parameters determining the performance and life of machine parts. Current experimental and numerical studies are mostly connected with oil lubrication. However, greases are used in more than 80 % of all rolling bearings where the starvation phenomenon occurs most frequently. The aim of this work is to compare two approaches to measuring film thickness of different greases. The use of multiple contacts optical test rig based on thin film colorimetric interferometry for film thickness measurement has enables to obtain film thickness of starved contact and the film distribution. The experimental observation of full-scale model of bearing will help to understand better the behavior of real bearing. The evaluation of the experiment was made by chromatic interferometry. This method is used to measure thin lubrication films.
Flutter Derivatives of the Kao-Pin Hsi Cable-Supported Bridge
Authors: Buljac Andrija , Pospíšil Stanislav , Kozmar Hrvoje , Kuznetsov Sergej , Král Radomil
Published: January 2016

Long-span cable-supported bridges, characterized with low natural frequencies and mechanical damping, are very sensitive to wind effects. Therefore, investigation of the aeroelastic behaviour of bridges is particularly important when designing these complex engineering structures. The focus is on evaluation of dimensionless aeroelastic coefficients, i.e. flutter derivatives, which are considered as indicators of the aeroelastic stability of bridges. A comprehensive experimental study on dynamic wind-induced behaviour of the Kao-Pin Hsi Bridge in Taiwan is carried out in the Climatic Wind Tunnel of the Centre of Excellence Telč (CET), Czech Republic. The bridge-deck section is tested at a multipurpose experimental setup originally developed in the CET. Flutter derivatives are obtained by the means of the free-vibration technique for the double-degree-of-freedom (DDOF) system. The results are compared to those of a thin flat plate with large width to height ratio, which previously proved to be stable with respect to the flutter phenomenon. While the torsional instability is observed for the Kao-Pin Hsi bridge-deck section, the flat plate proves to be aeroelastically stable.
Bifurcations in Mathematical Model of Nonlinear Vibration of the Nuclear Fuel Rod
Authors: Dyk Štěpán , Zeman Vladimír
Published: January 2016

The paper deals with nonlinear phenomena that occurs during vibration of nuclear fuel rod (FR). The FR is considered as a system consisting of two impact-interacting subsystems FR cladding (zircalloy tube) and fuel pellets stack placed inside FR cladding. Between both subsystems, there is a small radial clearance. The FR is bottom-end-fixed, and at eight equidistant levels, the FR cladding is supported by spacer grids (SG). Both subsystems are modelled by means of finite element method for one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli continua. During fuel assembly (FA) motion caused by pressure pulsations of the coolant, the FR vibrates and impacts can possibly occur between FR cladding and fuel pellets stack. The paper focuses on qualitative change of vibration with change of bifurcation parameters clearance between FR cladding and fuel pellets stack and stiffness of spacer grids cells. The change of vibration quality is shown by extremes of relative radial displacements of both continua in discretization nodes and by phase trajectories. Dependence of impact motion on modal properties of both subsystems is shown.
Multibody Based Tool for Simulation of the Turbocharger Rotor Dynamics
Authors: Knotek Jiří , Novotný Pavel , Maršálek Ondřej
Published: January 2016

The turbocharger is a unique example of the rotating machinery. Not only for its very high speed, but also because of its compact design and difficult operating conditions (i.e. high temperature, harsh vibrations, etc.). Moreover, measuring of most parameters characterizing the rotor dynamics is a very difficult task. Thus, it is advantageous to replace the real turbocharger by computational model and determine the turbocharger rotor dynamics using simulation tool. The development of such tool will be presented in this paper.
Failure of Window Glass Plate under Blast Load
Authors: Makovička Daniel , Makovička Daniel
Published: January 2016

The paper deals with the response analysis of interaction of a gaseous shock wave and a glass plate structure with particular reference to the character of excitation wave and material characteristics of structure. The goal of this analysis is the determination of a hypothesis of failure of window glass plate on the basis of the actual plate rotation during extreme plate displacement. Pressures greater than the ultimate stress or plate rotation bring to the collapse of the glass plate structure. The assumptions and results of theoretical - numerical solution are compared with experiments in situ and in laboratory conditions.
Preliminary Investigations of Machine Frame Vibration Damping Using Eddy Current Principle
Authors: Stein George Juraj , Tobolka Peter , Chmúrny Rudolf
Published: January 2016

A novel approach to vibration attenuation, based on the eddy current principle, is described. The combined effects of all magnetic forces acting in the oscillatory system attenuate frame vibrations and, concurrently, decrease the damped natural frequency. A mathematical model of the forces balance in the oscillatory system was derived before. Some experimental results from a mock-up machine frame excited by an asynchronous motor are presented.
Numerical Solution of Wet Steam Flow through Blade Cascade
Authors: Hric Vladimír , Halama Jan
Published: January 2016

The paper concerns with the numerical modeling of wet steam flow through a blade cascade in transonic regime with non-equilibrium condensation in 2D. Real thermodynamics of vapor phase is implemented in the way which mostly avoid iterations in order to calculate thermodynamic properties. This equation of state is represented by the function for non-dimensional entropy with independent variables scaled density and scaled internal energy. Other equations of state are used for comparison, namely special gas equation which comes from IAPWS-95 formulation and simple pseudo perfect gas relation. We applied simple homogeneous non-equilibrium approach to model two-phase flow. Laminar compressible Navier-Stokes system of equations is used for the mixture properties. Liquid phase is described by the standard method of moments of droplet number distribution function. We consider obtained numerical results to be in good agreement with the measured data. We note the fact that robust and accurate closure of supplementary liquid system (nucleation rate and droplet growth model) is still not available and most often ad-hoc corrections are proposed by the authors. Results show differences among used equations of state as well. This is apparent mainly in the vicinity of condensation shock region on the suction side.
Crash Test of Carbon Composite
Authors: Petrů Michal , Syrovátková Martina , Novotná Martina
Published: January 2016

Composite structures are now increasingly used for their properties in all areas of industrial production where high specific strength is demanded. They gradually replace metal parts and components not only because they are lighter, but above all for their comparable and in many ways even better mechanical properties. Knowledge of behavior of simple synergies between the fibres and the matrix allows the prediction of behavior of complex components and their application in practice. The subject of this article is a description of an experiment and numerical model, that compares the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composite with the values obtained using analytical models. Carbon composite samples were studied in laboratory conditions through Barrier test (ie. Crash test).
Void Fraction Based Two Phase Flow Model of Supersaturated Moist Air
Authors: Hyhlík Tomáš
Published: January 2016

The article deals with the developed of the model of supersaturated moist air flow with condensation. The proposed model is suitable especially for the cases where the rate of change of state variables in the flow field is slow like the flow in natural draft wet-cooling towers and in general the low Mach number flow. Void fraction of gas phase is included in governing equations. Homogeneous equilibrium model, where the two phases are well mixed and have the same velocity, is used. The results of the numerical solutions of the convergent nozzle are presented. The numerical fluxes are based on AUSM + -up scheme and temporal discretization is based on four stage order three explicit strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta method with non-negative coefficients.
Stochastic Wang Tiles Generation Using the Discrete Element Method
Authors: Stránský Jan , Doškář Martin
Published: January 2016

An algorithm generating morphology of 2D and 3D stochastic Wang tiles is presented in thiscontribution. The algorithm is based on the discrete element method (DEM) and is therefore applicableprimarily for matrix-based microstructures with separate inclusions with emphasis on producingmaximally random dense packings. An open-source free DEM code YADE was used for all the computations.The method is illustrated with a 2D exemplary realization of Wang tiling and comparisonagainst Periodic Unit Cell representation in terms of spatial statistics is provided.
Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Tungsten Prepared by Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Vilémová Monika , Nevrlá Barbara , Pala Zdenek , Kocmanová Lenka , Janata Marek , Matějíček Jiří , Tonarová Dana
Published: January 2016

Tungsten is currently considered as the most suitable plasma facing material for the first wall of a nuclear fusion reactor. First wall will be subjected to harsh conditions that will gradually deteriorate properties of the wall material. Some studies point out that fine-grained tungsten could be more resistant to the structure and property changes than coarse-grained tungsten. However, tailoring of tungsten microstructure is very laborious. Due to its high melting point, tungsten is very often processed mechanically and subsequently sintered into a compact body. In this study, preparation of ultrafine-grained tungsten by mechanical processing in a planetary ball mill was examined. Three types of tungsten samples were compared. One was made from coarse grained tungsten powder consolidated by SPS (spark plasma sintering). Other two samples were prepared from the powder processed in a planetary ball mill with and without addition of Y2O3. After ball milling, the powders were consolidated by SPS, i.e. fast sintering process that allows preserving fine-grained structure of the powder material. Properties of the samples such as hardness and thermal conductivity were examined and correlated with the processing history and microstructure.
Testing of Energy Absorption Capability of Sandwich Structures Based on Metal Foams for Design of Protective Helmets
Authors: Zlámal Petr , Fíla Tomáš , Králík Vlastimil
Published: January 2016

Purpose of this study is investigation of energy absorption capability of the sandwich structures composed of combination of polystyrene and metal foam element and their suitability as new structure for design of protective helmets. Two types of the metal foams were experimentally tested and evaluated: Alporas (Shinko Wire Ltd., Japan) and Aluhab (Aluinvent Plc., Hungary). Samples of the sandwich structure are composed of two layers: bottom expanded polystyrene (EPS 200S) layer and upper metal foam layer which are glued together. Prepared samples are tested using a drop tower experiment to measure sample response (acceleration, reaction force) at different strain rates and energies. From acceleration/time history the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) is calculated as significant parameters in terms of protective helmets. Moreover, measured and derived characteristics are compared with pure EPS samples to obtain comparison of deformation behaviour between conventional structure for protective helmets and designed sandwich structures.
Computer-Aided Plastic Limit Analysis of Plates
Authors: Vančík Vladimír , Jirásek Milan
Published: January 2016

This article reports on a new tool for optimized design of reinforced concrete plates based on the yield-line theory. The primary focus is on the development of a computer program which can analyze arbitrary yield-line systems with one degree of freedom. The program includes a GUI for quick and intuitive input, and automatically performs analysis of yield-line systems regardless of the complexity of their analytical solution. Furthermore, optimization of orthotropic reinforcement is implemented. The possibility of yield-line analysis of systems with multiple degrees of freedom by linear programming is examined.
Adaptive Remeshing Technique in Discrete Models of Random Geometry
Authors: Eliáš Jan
Published: January 2016

The adaptive discretization technique for static discrete models of random geometry based on Voronoi cells is developed here. It is based on adding randomly located nodes into the highly stressed regions and updating the discretization based on those nodes before the crack may initiate in or propagate through the regions.
Analysis of Machine Tool Spindles under Load
Authors: Holub Michal , Vetiska Jan , Knobloch Josef , Minar Petr
Published: January 2016

This paper deals with a new experimental approach to the analysis of radial, axial, and tilt error movements of machine tool spindles under load. The main focus is on the identification of error spindle movements under different machine operation conditions between 500 - 5000 rev / min and loads in the range of 50 - 500 N. Errors of the spindle movements are measured on the cylindrical workpiece using capacitance sensors for different loads. The analysis of measurements of radial, axial, and tilt error movements of machine tool spindle indicates a dependency of loads and measured errors. The integration of error measurements into novel multi-body dynamic models of machine tool spindles is very important for prediction of machine behaviour during a cutting process and for prediction of workpiece geometric accuracy.
Implementation of k-kL-ω Turbulence Model for Compressible Flow into OpenFOAM
Authors: Kožíšek Martin , Fürst Jiří , Příhoda Jaromír , Doerffer Piotr
Published: January 2016

The article deals with results of the implementation of the k-kL-ω turbulence model for compressible transitional flow into OpenFOAM. This model was firstly proposed by Walters and Leylek [2] and utilizes the approach of the laminar kinetic energy in order to predict the transition between laminar and turbulent flows. The performance of the implemented model has been tested for the case of flow over a flat plate and the flow through VKI and SE 1050 turbine cascades. The properties of the implementation of the model for compressible flow simulations into OpenFOAM are discussed.
Probabilistic Nonlinear Analysis of Bubble Tower Structure due to Extreme Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Králik Juraj , Kralik Juraj
Published: January 2016

This paper presents an application of the probabilistic analysis of structural resistance of the bubble tower structure of a VVER 440/213. The evaluation is based on an extension of the smeared crack model developed on base of Kupfer's bidimensional failure criterion, rotated crack, CEB-FIP model of failure energy and implemented into the ANSYS system. The non-linear analysis was considered for the median values of the input data and the probabilistic analysis models the uncertainties of loads, material resistance and other modeling issues.
Steel Arch Stabilized by a Textile Membrane
Authors: Svoboda Ondřej , Machacek Josef
Published: January 2016

A slender steel arch supporting textile membranes in a complex membrane structure with respect to in-plane and out-of plane stability is investigated. In the last decades the textile membranes are widely used to cover both common and exclusive structures due to progress of new membrane materials with eminent properties. In comparison with use of a traditional roof decking these structures are much more economical and attractive. However, the complex analysis and computational design methods are demanding and still not codified. The real physical model of a membrane structure supported by two inner steel arches and covering a concert stage was constructed and tested in laboratory of CTU in Prague. The membrane used was the Précontraint 702S Ferrari1 prestressed textile membrane with PVC coating. The arches were hot-formed in a workshop from Grade S355J0 steel. The paper presents experimental results for: i) isolated inner arch, ii) complex structure of the membrane with supporting arches, both under symmetrical and asymmetrical loading. Furthermore the numerical nonlinear FEM model created in SOFiSTiK software package and its validation for the above structural configurations and loading is presented. Subsequent parametrical studies cover various levels of the membrane prestressing to show its significance for nonlinear behaviour and stability of the inner arch. Finally some recommendations concerning numerical modelling are presented.
Long-Term Trends in Annual Ground Snow Maxima for the Carpathian Region
Authors: Rózsás Árpád , Sýkora Miroslav , Vigh László Gergely
Published: January 2016

The current structural design provisions are prevalently based on experience and on the assumption of stationary meteorological conditions. However, the observations of past decades and advanced climate models show that this assumption is debatable. Therefore, this paper examines the historical long-term trends in ground snow load maxima, and their effect on structural reliability. For this purpose, the Carpathian region is selected, and data from a joint research effort of nine countries of the region are used. Annual maxima snow water equivalents are taken, and univariate generalized extreme value distribution is adopted as a probabilistic model. Stationary and five non-stationary distributions are fitted to the observations utilizing the maximum likelihood method. Statistical and information theory based approaches are used to compare the models and to identify trends. Additionally, reliability analyses are performed on a simple structure to explore the practical significance of the trends. The calculations show decreasing trends in annual maxima for most of the region. Although statistically significant changes are detected at many locations, the practical significance - with respect to structural reliability - is considerable only for a few, and the effect is favourable. The results indicate that contrary to the widespread practice in extreme event modelling, the exclusive use of statistical techniques on the analysed extremes is insufficient to identify practically significant trends. This should be demonstrated using practically relevant examples, e.g. reliability of structures.
Limit States Design and Partial Factors γM0 and γM1 in Metal Eurocodes
Authors: Balaz Ivan , Kolekova Yvona
Published: January 2016

Overview of values and definitions of material partial factors γM0 and γM1 used in all 20 parts of Eurocodes EN 1993 Design of steel structures [1] and in all 5 parts of EN 1999 Design of aluminium structures [2]. Applications of the γM0 and γM1 partial factors values and definitions in all clauses of EN 1993. Comparison of safety levels of former Czechoslovak standards (ČSN) with current Eurocodes. Proposals for correction of definitions and applications of γM0 and γM1 partial factors in all clauses of EN 1993. The overview and corrections enable to do better choice from five official options aiming to change current value γM1 = 1,0 valid in EN 1993-1-1 for buildings, which were presented at CEN/TC250 SC3 meetings in October 24th 2014 and in March 19th 2015 in Berlin.
Influence of Working Parameters and Primary Breakup Conditions on the Quality of Twin-Fluid Atomizers Spray Quality
Authors: Mlkvik Marek , Zaremba Matous , Stähle Philipp , Schuchmann Heike P. , Gaukel Volker , Jedelsky Jan
Published: January 2016

In this study we investigated four twin-fluid atomizers with different internal mixing mechanisms: Y-jet, outside in gas (OIG), outside in liquid (OIL) and CFT atomizers. The main goal was to relate the measured droplet sizes, characterized by the Sauter mean diameter (ID32), to the corresponding working regimes of atomizers and primary breakup conditions characterized by the criterion Dmax, estimated from critical Weber number of the primary breakup. For the OIL, OIG and CFT atomizers, the common relation of the primary breakup characteristics and normalized droplet sizes (ID32/Dmax) was found. As the Y-jet atomizer showed a different trend, which was related to the considerably lower Weber numbers of the near-nozzle flow, a change in the normalization criterion was necessary to obtain similar results as for other tested atomizers. The main benefit of presented results is the potential to predict spray droplet sizes entirely from primary breakup characteristics regardless of the atomizer’s design or the atomized liquid.
Modelling of the Influence of Vegetative Barrier on Concentration of PM10 and PM2,5 from Highway
Authors: Řezníček Hynek , Beneš Luděk
Published: January 2016

The influence of different types of the vegetative barrier near a highway on dustiness was studied. Transport, dispersion and sedimentation of pollutants PM10 and PM2.5 emitted from the highway was numerically simulated. Mathematical model was based on the Navier-Stokes equations for turbulent fluid flow in Boussinesq approximation. The AUSM-MUSCL scheme in finite volume formulation on structured orthogonal grid was used.The influence of the shape of the barrier and of its obstructing properties on the concentration of pollutants was studied.
Naive Donor NK Cell Repertoires Associated with Less Leukemia Relapse after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Björklund Andreas T. , Clancy Trevor , Goodridge Jodie P. , Béziat Vivien , Schaffer Marie , Hovig Eivind , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Ljungman Per T. , Malmberg Karl-Johan
Published: January 2016

Acute and latent human CMV cause profound changes in the NK cell repertoire, with expansion and differentiation of educated NK cells expressing self-specific inhibitory killer cell Ig-like receptors. In this study, we addressed whether such CMV-induced imprints on the donor NK cell repertoire influenced the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Hierarchical clustering of high-resolution immunophenotyping data covering key NK cell parameters, including frequencies of CD56bright, NKG2A+, NKG2C+, and CD57+ NK cell subsets, as well as the size of the educated NK cell subset, was linked to clinical outcomes. Clusters defining naive (NKG2A+CD57−NKG2C−) NK cell repertoires in the donor were associated with decreased risk for relapse in recipients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.27; p < 0.001). Furthermore, recipients with naive repertoires at 9–12 mo after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had increased disease-free survival (HR, 7.2; 95% CI: 1.6–33; p = 0.01) and increased overall survival (HR, 9.3; 95% CI: 1.1–77, p = 0.04). Conversely, patients with a relative increase in differentiated NK cells at 9–12 mo displayed a higher rate of late relapses (HR, 8.41; 95% CI: 6.7–11; p = 0.02), reduced disease-free survival (HR, 0.12; 95% CI: 0.12–0.74; p = 0.02), and reduced overall survival (HR, 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01–0.69; p = 0.02). Thus, our data suggest that naive donor NK cell repertoires are associated with protection against leukemia relapse after allogeneic HSCT.
Pivotal Role for CD16+ Monocytes in Immune Surveillance of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Waschbisch Anne , Schröder Sina , Schraudner Dana , Sammet Laura , Weksler Babette , Melms Arthur , Pfeifenbring Sabine , Stadelmann Christine , Schwab Stefan , Linker Ralf A.
Published: January 2016

Monocytes represent a heterogeneous population of primary immune effector cells. At least three different subsets can be distinguished based on expression of the low-affinity FcγRIII: CD14++CD16− classical monocytes, CD14++CD16+ intermediate monocytes, and CD14+CD16++ non-classical monocytes. Whereas CD16− classical monocytes are considered key players in multiple sclerosis (MS), little is known on CD16+ monocytes and how they contribute to the disease. In this study, we examined the frequency and phenotype of monocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain biopsy material derived from MS patients and controls. Furthermore, we addressed a possible monocyte dysfunction in MS and analyzed migratory properties of monocyte subsets using human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Our ex vivo studies demonstrated that CD16+ monocyte subpopulations are functional but numerically reduced in the peripheral blood of MS patients. CD16+ monocytes with an intermediate-like phenotype were found to be enriched in CSF and dominated the CSF monocyte population under noninflammatory conditions. In contrast, an inversed CD16+ to CD16− CSF monocyte ratio was observed in MS patients with relapsing-remitting disease. Newly infiltrating, hematogenous CD16+ monocytes were detected in a perivascular location within active MS lesions, and CD16+ monocytes facilitated CD4+ T cell trafficking in a blood–brain barrier model. Our findings support an important role of CD16+ monocytes in the steady-state immune surveillance of the CNS and suggest that CD16+ monocytes shift to sites of inflammation and contribute to the breakdown of the blood–brain barrier in CNS autoimmune diseases.
Allergy-Protective Arabinogalactan Modulates Human Dendritic Cells via C-Type Lectins and Inhibition of NF-κB
Authors: Peters Marcus , Guidato Patrick M. , Peters Karin , Megger Dominik A. , Sitek Barbara , Classen Birgit , Heise Esther M. , Bufe Albrecht
Published: January 2016

Arabinogalactan (AG) isolated from dust of a traditional farm prevents disease in murine models of allergy. However, it is unclear whether this polysaccharide has immune regulatory properties in humans. The aim of this study was to test the influence of AG on the immune-stimulating properties of human dendritic cells (DCs). Moreover, we sought to identify the receptor to which AG binds. AG was produced from plant callus tissue under sterile conditions to avoid the influence of pathogen-associated molecular patterns in subsequent experiments. The influence of AG on the human immune system was investigated by analyzing its impact on monocyte-derived DCs. To analyze whether the T cell stimulatory capacity of AG-stimulated DCs is altered, an MLR with naive Th cells was performed. We revealed that AG reduced T cell proliferation in a human MLR. In the search for a molecular mechanism, we found that AG binds to the immune modulatory receptors DC-specific ICAM-3–grabbing non integrin (DC-SIGN) and macrophage mannose receptor 1 (MMR-1). Stimulation of these receptors with AG simultaneously with TLR4 stimulation with LPS increased the expression of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase tripartite motif–containing protein 21 and decreased the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 in DCs. This led to a reduced activation profile with reduced costimulatory molecules and proinflammatory cytokine production. Blocking of MMR-1 or DC-SIGN with neutralizing Abs partially inhibits this effect. We conclude that AG dampens the activation of human DCs by LPS via binding to DC-SIGN and MMR-1, leading to attenuated TLR signaling. This results in a reduced T cell activation capacity of DCs.
Change in the mesiodistal axial inclination of the maxillary lateral teeth during the mixed dentition stage: Morphometric analysis of panoramic radiographs from two cases of mild crowding with a high canine
Authors: Masunaga Morio , Ueda Hiroshi , Shibaguchi Tatsuya , Tanne Kazuo
Published: January 2016

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes of the mesiodistal axial inclination of the maxillary lateral teeth relative to the functional occlusal plane (FOP) on panoramic radiographs in patients with Angle Class I maxillary anterior crowding with high canines during the mixed dentition stage.

Materials and Methods

Panoramic radiographs were used to measure the mesiodistal axial inclination of the teeth before orthodontic treatment in Cases 1 and 2. The long axes of the teeth were determined according to the previous study by Ursi et al. Finally, the angles between the long axes of teeth and the FOP were measured.

Results

The first premolar and canine showed mesial tipping in the alveolar bone during eruption. The crown of the second premolar was located close to the apex of the first molar and showed excessive mesial inclination relative to the long axis of the second deciduous molar. Before orthodontic treatment, considerable autonomous changes in the mesiodistal inclination were found in the canine and the second premolar in the maxillary alveolar bone during eruption. With respect to the first molar, the mesiodistal inclination was invariable, or the angle was almost 90° without any significant change during the observation period.

Conclusions

Based on the results of this study, two new findings are described. Autonomous changes in the inclination of the mesiodistal maxillary teeth were observed during exfoliation, particularly in the canine and second premolars. In addition, the eruption of the maxillary lateral teeth influenced the neighboring teeth, whereas the first molar maintained an environmentally defined position.
A multidisciplinary treatment approach of complete transposition of impacted maxillary left canine with maxillary first premolar in presence of bilateral congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors
Authors: Tekale Pawankumar Dnyandeo , Vakil Ketan K. , Vakil Jeegar K. , Agarwal Chetan O.
Published: January 2016

The maxillary permanent canine is the tooth most frequently involved, which is often transposed with the first premolar followed by transposition between the maxillary permanent canine and maxillary lateral incisor. This study describes the correction of complete transposition of the maxillary left first premolar with impacted permanent maxillary left canine and congenital missing maxillary lateral incisor. The current case report describes a multidisciplinary approach for the alignment of impacted and transposed teeth with surgical exposure of impacted maxillary canine and restorative treatment of transposed maxillary left first premolar. The satisfactory results were achieved with maximum three-dimensional control of tooth movement and without any iatrogenic damage.
Effect of fluoridated casein phospopeptide-amorphous-calcium phosphate complex, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: A comparative in vitro study
Authors: Shahariyar C. A Abdul , Mahale Anurag D. , Kumar Kishore , Rai Rohan
Published: January 2016

Objective

The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) complex, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of orthodontic brackets.

Materials and Methods

About sixty extracted healthy human premolar teeth with intact buccal enamel were divided into two equal groups to which brackets were bonded using self-etching primers (SEPs) and conventional means respectively. These were further equally divided into three subgroups - (1) control (2) CPP-ACP (3) chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash. The SBSs were then measured using a universal testing machine.

Results

SBS of the conventional group was significantly higher than the self-etching group. The intragroup differences were statistically insignificant.

Conclusion

CPP-ACP, chlorhexidine fluoride mouthwash did not adversely affect SBS of orthodontic brackets irrespective of the method of conditioning. Brackets bonded with conventional technique showed greater bond strengths as compared to those bonded with SEP.
Evaluation of stress patterns on maxillary posterior segment when intruded with mini implant anchorage: A three-dimensional finite element study
Authors: Pekhale Nikhita , Maheshwari Amit , Kumar Mukesh , Kerudi Veerendra V. , Patil Harshal , Patil Bhushan
Published: January 2016

Introduction

The aim of this study is to evaluate stress and displacement effects of maxillary posterior intrusion mechanics with mini-implant anchorage by using finite element method.

Materials and Methods

A computer stimulation of three-dimensional model maxilla with all teeth, PDL, bone, mini-implants, brackets, arch wire, force element, and transpalatal arch was constructed on the basis of average anatomic morphology. Finite element analysis was done to evaluate the amount of stress and its distribution during orthodontic intrusive force.

Results

Increased Von Mises stress values were observed in mesio-cervical region of first molar. The middle third of second premolar and second molar and regions adjacent to force application sites also showed relatively high stress values. Minimum stress values were observed in apical region of first premolar as it is away from force application.

Conclusion

Using three mini-implant and transpalatal arches, this study demonstrates that significant amount of true intrusion of maxillary molars could be obtained with lesser concentration of stresses in the apical area recorded.
The Nilpotent Regular Element Problem
Authors: Ara Pere , O’Meara Kevin C.
Published: January 2016

We use George Bergman’s recent normal form for universally adjoining an inner inverse to show that, for general rings, a nilpotent regular element x need not be unit-regular. This contrasts sharply with the situation for nilpotent regular elements in exchange rings (a large class of rings), and for general rings when all powers of the nilpotent element x are regular.
Stability of Vector Bundles on Curves and Degenerations
Authors: Osserman Brian
Published: January 2016

We introduce a weaker notion of (semi)stability for vector bundles on reducible curves that does not depend on a choice of polarization and suffices for many applications of degeneration techniques. We explore the basic properties of this alternate notion of (semi)stability. In a complementary direction, we record a proof of the existence of semistable extensions of vector bundles in suitable degenerations.
Urban landscape of Okazaki in Kyoto
Authors: Niglio Olimpia , Inoue Noriko
Published: January 2016

Kyoto has been the capital of Japan from 794 until when the capital has moved in 1868 to Tokyo with the end of Tokugawa Shoguns and the beginning of the Meiji Restoration. The loss of the seat of government was a shock to citizens of Kyoto as the city had been the Imperial and Cultural center of the nation for over 1.000 years. The combination of the court and the great temples had enlivened and enriched the life of the city. At the beginning of the founding of the capital, in the Heian period (794-1185) to east of Kyoto, was built a noble and religious place. This area is Okazaki. Here the Emperor Kammu (736-805) had created the city of Heian-kyo (Kyoto) in 794. This area was full of Temples and Shrines. Only in the Edo period (1603-1867) Okazaki area assumed the role of suburban agricultural zone which provided the food production to the urban habitants. But after the Meiji Restoration (1868-1912), the role of Okazaki area changes completely. In 1885, Kyoto prefecture started the great public canalization project as the water supply between Kyoto and Otsu of Shiga prefecture. Kyoto prefecture also planed the industrial district construction in Okazaki area. From the late nineteenth century Okazaki area became a symbol of the modernization of Kyoto city. This contribution intends to analyze the urban landscape composed of the different styles of architecture especially constructed after the Meiji period (1868-1912). Tangible and intangible signs remained as modern gardens, significant museums and cultural institutions among the ancient temples provide opportunities to reflect on the important role of suburban area of the historic city. These studies are supported by archival documents and by current measures and policies for landscape conservation by Kyoto Municipality.
The urban lighting in the rehabilitation of the minor historical centre. The design scenarios for the architectural valorisation and the energy efficiency improvement of the urban environment
Authors: De Berardinis Pierluigi , Marchionni Chiara , Capannolo Luisa
Published: January 2016

In the last decades, the topic of lighting of the historical minor centres is taking a prominent role in the cultural debate on the urban recovery interventions, because of the development of a greater awareness of the regenerative potential role that a careful planning system of urban lighting can take in this context.

The latter, which had a purely functional role in the past, has recently taken a figurative and emotional role, associated with the vision of the urban light scene during the night and its valorization.

The study of light, therefore, has inevitably turned into an instrument of knowledge and critical interpretation of the urban spaces, aimed both to functional recovery of the lighting network technology, and the regeneration of the urban image and its night scenes.

The needs that this sector should satisfy are multiple and, sometimes, conflicting: the need for road safety, the reduction of light pollution, the need for energy and cost savings.

The research aims to define an operative methodology to deal with the light planning in complex contexts as the minor historical centers, in which the concept of transformation of the urban scene clashes directly with the concept of preserving the identity features of the places and its constructive values and materials.

Among the goals, there is therefore the aim of highlighting the main gaps in the network, due both to plant engineering reasons and to the obsolescence of the existing lighting fixtures.

We operatively work in the urban voids system field, as spaces that characterize the urban scene. Through the knowledge of their dominant features it is possible to preserve their identity and, at the same time, enhance their singularity, with a suitable lighting project, which requires the study of materials, colors and consumption.

The purpose is to promote an urban development, able to produce positive economic, social and cultural effects, oriented to improve the quality of life, as well as to value the architectural and environmental heritage giving importance to energy and economic saving.
Enviromental responsability and corporate social responsability
Authors: Marí Farinós Jesús
Published: January 2016

The environmental management of companies and organizations in general is going to be internalized in the operation and management structures, linking conceptual and chronologically to improve corporate reputation, management excellence, knowledge and innovation. Embracing, undoubtedly too, with the assumption of an ethical commitment of the company to society: environmental sustainability and generational solidarity in the transmission of culture and values of that nature. The existing need to know the potential impact of business operations on society and the environment results in the appearance of a document, which may well be called a Sustainability Report or Social Balance, which is compiled from a series social indicators, which are the instruments responsible to reflect the value of the shares held by the company in social and environmental fields.
Youth-driven Youth-Adult Partnerships: A Phenoenological Exploration of Agricultural Education Teachers' Experiences
Authors: Watson Jennifer M. , Mazur Joan M. , Vincent Stacy K.
Published: January 2016

This phenomenological study explores the dimensions of youth–adult partnerships (YAPs) in agricultural mechanics classrooms in three rural schools. YAPs presume a positive learning collaboration between young people and adults who work together to achieve meaningful community-based change. Previous research on the development of YAPs has focused on non- school settings. However, in these agricultural mechanics courses, as part of a safety-focused curriculum, teachers engaged students in a collaborative project to build and install cost- effective rollover protective structures (CROPS) for local farmers’ tractors. Thus, the CROPS project provided a unique opportunity to explore the inclusion of youth-driven YAPs as an engagement model for teachers, students, and the broader community. The findings from this secondary analysis of interview data from CROPS project teachers are threefold. First, evidence emerged of the experiential, communal/collective, and youth-driven aspects of YAPs in teacher– student and student–student collaborations. Second, shifts in power balances present a key dimension of the youth-driven dimension of YAPs. Third, the CROPS project aligns well with a youth-driven YAP in that it promoted high-quality student engagement within the learning system. Finally, we discuss the implications for integrating YAPs into agricultural education projects and suggestions for further research.
Concerns Expressed by Agricultural Education Preservice Teachers in a Twitter-Based Electronic Community of Practice
Authors: Paulsen Thomas H. , Andersn Ryan G. , Tweeten Jaclyn F.
Published: January 2016

Student teaching is an important capstone experience in which preservice teacher candidates begin to learn the skills they need to become effective teachers. During this experience, candidates develop concerns for themselves as well as for their students. As preservice teachers encounter challenges and obstacles, it is important for them to communicate these concerns. Preservice teachers from Iowa State University participated in a Twitter-based electronic community of practice to express their teaching concerns. This study was designed to identify preservice teachers’ concerns and determine if they aligned with Moir’s (1990/2011) phases of first-year teaching. By understanding preservice teachers’ concerns in real time, teacher educators can better address the candidates’ self-adequacy concerns throughout the teacher preparation program. We recommend that preservice teachers express their concerns during student teaching through an electronic community of practice so teacher educators can address concerns in a timely manner.