bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Screening and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Protease Producing Bacillus circulans from Mangrove Sediments Pitchavaram, South East Coast of India
Authors: Kumar R. Sadeesh , Rajesh R. , Gokulakrishnan S. , Subramanian J.
Published: October 2022

Regulation and production of Fibrinolytic enzymes from bacterial sources especially from Bacillus strains has taken a leading role in the medical sciences for the treatment of cardiovascular disorders as it removes thrombus or clots adding to its significant role in curing human health issues saving millions. Significant progress has been made during the last few years on the studies of fibrinolytic enzymes in identifying, cloning, purification, characterization and overproduction of these for commercialization in medical sciences and in fields like detergents development. Production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus circulans was done using Nutrient broth medium. In addition, a strong fibrinolytic enzyme was purified from the cultivation media. The purified enzyme was almost homogeneous with other species of same genus, as examined by SDS−PAGE and sephadex G-75 column chromatography. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 7-12, an optimal temperature of 50 °C, for fibrin hydrolysis. The molecular mass estimated by gel filtration was 24 to36 KDa. Further studies for characterization and structural elucidation are necessary for their medicinal applications and molecular biological characteristics.
Pharmacognostical Studies on Oxystelma esculentum (L.F) R. Br. ex Schltes, a Medicinal Plant
Authors: Savitha G. , Balamurugan S.
Published: October 2022

The present investigation has been carried out to study the anatomical features of root, rhizome, stem, leaf and petiole for evaluating the Oxystelma esculentum, an important medicinal plant used in the traditional systems of medicine. This study provides referential pharmaco-botanical information for correct identification of this plant.
Using Geoelectric Soundings for Estimation of Hydraulic Characteristics of Aquifers in the Coastal Area of Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Fatoba J.O. , Omolayo S.D. , Adigun E.O.
Published: October 2022

Electrical resistivity investigation was carried out at Ibeju Lekki, Southwestern Nigeria. The thrust of this study is to determine the geoelectrical parameters of the shallow aquifer and estimate the hydraulic characteristics of this aquifer unit from the surface geophysics. The area falls within the Dahomey basin of the Nigeria sedimentary terrain. Twenty-one VES were conducted using Shlumberger array with a maximum half current electrode (AB/2) of 100 m giving total spread of 200 m. Data were interpreted using partial curve matching technique and assisted 1-D forward modeling with WINRESIST software. The qualitative interpretation revealed KQ curves (ρ1 < ρ2 > ρ3 > ρ4) and KH curve (ρ1 < ρ2 > ρ3 < ρ4). The geoelectric section generated from the results of the VES revealed a four geo-electric layers; these include topsoil with resistivity ranging from 213-5404 Ωm, dry sand with resistivity values vary from 301to 17178 Ωm, saturated sand with resistivity varying from 110 to1724 Ωm and sand (saline water content) with resistivity values of between 8 and 97 Ωm. The major aquifer in the area occurs at the third geoelectric layer. The depth to this aquifer is of between 0.7m and 6.0m and the layer thickness is between 0.2 m and 19.9 m. The hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer estimated from the geoelectric parameters reveal that the aquifer has porosity values of between 29.4 % and 57.7 %, protective capacities of between 0.00013 and 0.015 mhos, transverse resistance ranges from 345-18502 Ωm2, transmissivity values vary from 13 to 310 m2/day and hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.8-65 m/day. The results show that the aquifer is characterized by high porosity and low protective capacities of overburden layers indicating that it is highly vulnerable to surface contamination. It has high transverse resistance, high transmissivity, and high hydraulic conductivity indicating that the aquifer can transmit water at higher rate and sustain the need of the community. This study has demonstrated the efficacy of surface geophysics in estimating hydraulic characteristics of an aquifer where pumping test data are not available and also to determine its vulnerability to surface contaminants.
Identification of Potential Off-Targets of Chemotherapeutic Agent Sorafenib: A Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Sahrawat Tammanna R. , Chawla Parul
Published: October 2022

B-Raf is a multi- drug target serine/threonine protein kinase, involved in the transduction of mitogenic signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. Mutated B-Raf causes overactive downstream signaling via MEK and ERK, leading to excessive cell proliferation and survival, independent of growth factors causing cancers such as Pancreatic carcinoma. A novel bi-aryl urea- Sorafenib, is a potent inhibitor of Raf-1 that has been approved for the treatment of a number of cancers including pancreatic cancer. The present investigation was designed to identify the potential off-targets of Sorafenib which could be responsible for its reported undesirable side effects. Molecular docking was used to test the efficacy of structural analogs of Sorafenib against B-Raf using FlexX and it was found that the analog with CID:10151557 had a high potency with minimum number of clashes, low lipophilic score and high match score, similar to Sorafenib. To identify the potential off-target/s of Sorafenib, macromolecular surface similarity detection software MEDIT SA MED-SuMo was used and the results obtained were validated through literature. The possible off-targets obtained belonged to the family of protein tyrosine kinases i.e. VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta, Flt-3, and c-KIT, each of which were docked with Sorafenib. Based on high docking scores and similarity with B-Raf for its binding site interacting residues, it was concluded that Vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase receptor (VEGFR) is a potential off-target of anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agent Sorafenib.
REP-PCR Analysis to Study Prokaryotic Biodiversity from Lake Meyghan
Authors: Naghoni Ali , Emtiazi Giti , Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , Etemadifar Zahra , Fazeli Seyed Abolhassan Shahzadeh
Published: October 2022

Repetitive extragenic palindromic elements-polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR) with 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) genes sequences successfully used for the analysis of microbial community. In this study, the prokaryotic community in Lake Meyghan described by using rep-PCR analysis along with 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The water samples were collected from Lake Meyghan in November 2013. All samples were diluted and cultured on three different media. To estimate the number of prokaryotes per milliliter of the lake we used quantitative real‑time PCR (qPCR). Rep-PCR combination with 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate prokaryotes biodiversity in the lake. 305 strains were isolated in this work; 113 isolates for green region, 102 isolates for red region, and 90 isolates for white region. The dendrograms generated 10, 7, and 9 clusters for a 70 % similarity cut-off for green, red, and white regions, respectively. Based on rep-PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the recovered isolates were dominated by (77.5 %) Halobacteriacae and many isolates were related to the genera Halorubrum, Haloarcula, Haloterrigena, Natrinema, and Halovivax in the white region. In the red region more isolated strains (57.5 %) belonged to Bacillaceae and the remaining 42.5 % of isolates belonged to archaea domain, Halorubrum, and Haloarcula. In the green region members of Gammaproteobacteria were recoverd, this region was dominant with Pseudoalteromonas, Salinivibrio, and Aliidiomarina.
Studies on some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Cyanophycean Members and Correlation Coefficient of Eutrophic Ponds in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Elayaraj B. , Selvaraju M.
Published: October 2022

The present study deals with the statistical analysis of physico-chemical parameters and cyanophycean members of two pond water quality of Chidambaram, Cuddalore district (Tamil Nadu). The qualities of pond water were analyzed for six months. Eleven important parameters were included in statistical analysis. The qualities of pond water have been assessed by calculating mean, standard deviation and correlation coefficient. Correlation studies of hydrobiology with physico-chemical parameters revealed that the relationship between phytoplankton density in general and that of the specific groups are highly complex and often controlled by interactions of different factors. In the both pond water the correlation coefficient test revealed that cyanophycean members positively correlated with temperature, pH, CO2, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, BOD and COD at 1 % and 5 % level significant, where as it is negatively correlated with acidity and dissolved oxygen. In the present study it can be concluded that the cyanophycean members are highly tolerant organisms. They prefer to grow at higher temperatures and in highly alkaline, BOD and COD waters. Hence they can with stand high levels of contaminated waters of Thillai Kali Kovil pond, when compared to Ilamiyakkinar Kovil pond.
Effect of Chromium on Growth, Biochemicals and Nutrient Accumulation of Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Nagarajan M. , Ganesh K. Sankar
Published: October 2022

Chromium is a heavy metal; this element is considered as an environmental hazard. Toxicity effects of chromium on growth and development of plants including inhibition of germination process decrease of growth and biomass of plant. The aim of this research is to study accumulation of Chromium along with nutrients and its effect on the growth of Paddy plant (Oryza sativa L). Thus, paddy seedlings grown in petriplates lined with filter paper undergoing, different treatments of Cr (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 mg/L). After one week seedlings were removed and morpho physiological parameters like root length, shoot length and dry weight of plants and Biochemicals ,accumulation of nutrients along with Cr in roots and shoots were determined. The results indicated that the concentrations more than 100 mg/L chromium cause the reduction of morphophysiology parameters in the treatment plants rather than control plant and Cr addition in the cultures caused enhancement of chromium content in roots and shoots of plant seedlings. Similarly the biochemicals and nutrient accumulation also affected by increasing concentrations of chromium. It was also noted that accumulation of chromium in the roots was much higher than the shoots of the seedlings under treatment.
Text Mining Approach to Analyse the Relation between Obesity and Breast Cancer Data
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Thakur Priyanka , Gupta Kanika , Pal Amit
Published: October 2022

Biomedical research needs to leverage and exploit large amount of information reported in scientific publication. Literature data collected from publications has to be managed to extract information, transforms into an understandable structure using text mining approaches. Text mining refers to the process of deriving high-quality information from text by finding relationships between entities which do not show direct associations. Therefore, as an example of this approach, we present the link between two diseases i.e. breast cancer and obesity.Obesity is known to be associated with cancer mortality, but little is known about the link between lifetime changes in BMI of obese person and cancer mortality in both males and females. In this article, literature data for obesity and breast cancer was obtained using PubMed database and then methodologies which employs groups of common genes and keywords with their frequency of occurrence in the data were used, aimed to establish relation between obesity and breast cancer visualized using Pi-charts and bar graphs. From the data analysis, we obtained 1 gene which showed the link between both the diseases and validated using statistical analysis and disease-connect web server. We also proposed 8 common higher frequency keywords which could be used for indexing while searching the literature for obesity and breast cancer in combination.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study of Phenol Removal from Water Using Activated Carbon Synthesizes from Avocado Kernel Seed
Authors: Dejene Kassahun , Siraj Khalid , Kitte Shimeles Addisu
Published: October 2022

This study was aimed for removal of phenol from water using activated carbon synthesize from avocado kernel seeds by adsorption onto it. For adsorption process cleaned and washed avocado kernel seeds (Persea americana) were dried at 100°C in an oven overnight and carbonization was carried out by increasing the furnace temperature at a rate of 5 °C/min to a final temperature of 800 °C for 160 minutes. Then, the activated carbon was powdered and sieved, washed with distilled water until the solution pH reached 7.0. Optimization of activated carbon was performed through effects of solution pH, contact time; initial phenol concentration and temperature of the adsorption. The kinetic studies of the adsorption process were achieved by verifying various models and the data obtained was best fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The isotherms models were analyzed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin to validate the adsorption process. It was found that Langmuir model was best fitted to the obtained result for both adsorbents.
Ameliorative Effect of CaCl2 on Growth, Membrane Permeability and Nutrient Uptake in Oryza sativa Grown at High NaCl Salinity
Authors: Anbu D. , Sivasankaramoorthy S.
Published: October 2022

A pot culture was carried out with Oryza sativa L. vari-Co-39, to investigate the effects of supplementary calcium chloride on plants grown at NaCl (50mM) concentration. Treatments were: (1) Control: nutrient solution alone (C); (2) nutrient solution plus 50mM sodium chloride (NaCl); (3) nutrient solution plus 10mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (4) nutrient solution plus 15mM calcium chloride (CaCl2); (5) nutrient solution and 50 mM NaCl plus supplementary 10 mM CaCl2 (NaCl + CaCl2); and (6) 50 mM NaCl plus additional mixture of 15 mM CaCl2 in nutrient solution (NaCl + CaCl2). The plants grown under salt stress produced low dry weight and relative water content than those grown in standard nutrient solution and in CaCl2 alone. Supplemental calcium chloride added to nutrient solution containing salt significantly improved growth and relative water content. Membrane permeability increased with high NaCl application and these increases in root membrane permeability were decreased with supplementary Ca. The concentration of chloride (Cl) increases highly for all treatments. Sodium (Na) concentration in plant tissues increased in both shoots and roots at high NaCl treatment. Application of supplementary Ca lowered Na concentration. Concentrations of Ca. K and N were at deficient ranges in the plants grown at high NaCl levels and these deficiencies were corrected by supplementary Ca. The ameliorating effect of Ca on growth and physiological variables could reduce the negative effect of salinity of Oryza sativa L., plants.
Oncology Research Output and its Citation Analysis at Continental Level: A Study (2003-2012)
Authors: Pandita Ramesh , Singh Shivendra
Published: October 2022

The present study examines the research output and citation analysis in the field of Oncology, a branch of medical science which deals with the study and treatment of tumours, what we commonly know as cancer. Cancer as a disease is not confined to a particular region or a country, but is a global phenomenon and is still beyond the complete understanding and control of medicos. Research in the field of biomedical sciences in general and oncology is particular is undertaken at global level with almost each country contributing its bit in understating and control of disease. The study makes an empirical assessment of the research output and growth in the field of oncology at continental level for the period 2003-2012 and evaluates the aspects like research growth, citation analysis, h-Index etc. Data for the present study has been retrieved from the SCImago Journal and Country Ranking, which is totally based on the SCOPUS data source. Findings: - A total of 310593 research papers were published across six continents of the world during the period 2003-2012. Europe emerged the largest continent with its publication share of (124598, 40.11 %). Europe is followed by North America with its share percentage of (102897, 33.12 %) and Asia with (70555, 22.71 %). The contribution of Oceania, South America & Africa to the world oncology research is not that encouraging, as such there is greater need to promote oncology research in these continents. African contribution to global oncology research during the period remained (2215, 0.71 %), South American (3009, 0.96 %) and Oceania contributed (7319, 2.35 %). Oncology research publication on average during the period of study grew annually at 8.15 %, while as at continental level Africa registered highest annual publication growth of 19.08 %. North America and Europe are the only continents which recorded publication's growth below the average global growth.
Genotoxicity Detection with Special Reference to Micronucleation in the Erythrocytes of Fish Species due to Water Pollution - A Mini Review
Authors: Talapatra Soumendra Nath , Nandy Abantika
Published: October 2022

Water pollution is a matter of great concern in lentic and lotic ecosystems. Generally water pollutants like heavy metals, organic compounds, etc. generate from industries and domestic activities. All of these pose serious threat to the fish population in freshwater as well as marine water bodies. An impact caused by water pollutants especially genotoxins depend not only upon its concentration, but also on the duration (acute and chronic exposure) and showed individual and/or combination of pollutants or genotoxins. Genotoxicity of fish with special reference to micronucleus induction in the erythrocytes of fish is an easy screening of water pollution. The present review deals with past and present research works of major water pollutants discharge and their impact on several fish species from available literatures.
Leachate Characterization and Leachate Pollution Index from Landfill Dump Sites in Warri Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Godwin Asibor , Oghenekohwiroro Edjere
Published: October 2022

The paucity of standard engineered landfills in Nigeria has given rise to the proliferation of open waste dumpsites. The environment can be impacted by leachates from these dumpsites if not properly managed. This study assessed the characteristics of leachates from three open dumpsites in Warri Metropolis and its contamination potential using leachate pollution index (LPI). The dump sites had low pH with acidic level lower than the recommended limit. The calculated LPI values of the three sites ranges from 6.377 to 7.438. These values are low when compared to open dumpsites in other metropolitan areas of similar climatic conditions. The low value of LPI for leachate indicates relatively lower contaminant potential due to low concentrations of heavy metals, relatively young age of the landfill as well as low population and organic origin of the wastes. The calculated low LPI value does not in any way preclude the continuous monitoring of the dumpsites as the values recorded are just slightly below the threshold level. It is recommended that there should be an upgrade of all open dumpsites to a standard engineered landfill with a robust and effective monitoring put to curtail future release of deleterious materials from these dumpsites.
The Trail of the Eagles’ Nests - Tourist Attraction in Bydlin
Authors: Vierek Aleksandra
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this paper is an attempt to demonstrate and evaluate natural and cultural values of the small town, which is rarely visited by tourists. Bydlin area is located within both walking and bicycling touristic route “The trail of the Eagles’ Nests”. The tourist sights and geotouristic values of Bydlin country, was presented. All three selected tourist sites and one geosites have highly cultural, historic and geological values. Described town can be an alternative for well-known and crowded places for tourists from Poland. This is the proposal for a short few hours educational natural and historical trail for tourists with different preferences and predisposition.
Aspects of the Reproductive Biology of Black-Striped Pipefish Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathidae) in the Zaporizke Reservoir, Ukraine
Authors: Marenkov Oleh
Published: October 2022

Black-striped pipefish Syngnathus abaster Risso, 1827 (Actinopterygii: Syngnathidae) has successfully spread in freshwater ecosystems of Ponto-Caspian basin. Monitoring studies show a steady increase in the number and biomass of pipefish in waters of Dnipro region. It is highly adaptable and breeds in a fresh water. This fact indicates the physiological plasticity of the reproductive system and ability to adapt to new environmental conditions. In the Zaporizke Reservoir pipefish spawns at a temperature of 18.0–22.0°C in the coastal area of the reservoir. Pipefish with a body length of 8.9 to 12.5 cm had gonads with weight of about 0.13 g, and the number of eggs ranged from 26 to 68. The maximum fertility had female 155 mm long and it reached 69 eggs. Size of eggs reached about 1.2±0.05 mm. The histological analysis of the gonads of pipefish and research of histometric measurements of eggs of fish at various stages of development was first conducted. In the period before pipefish spawning, there were eggs in different stages of maturity in the ovaries: oocyte in the phase of primary follicle «С», oocyte in the phase of vacuolation «D3», oocyte in the phase of trophoplasmatic growth «Е», beginning phase of mature follicle «F». Research of pipefish reproduction has important theoretical and practical significance for resolving issues with the spread of this species and its adaptation to new conditions.
Study on Physical-Chemical Characters and Heritability for Yield Components in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Thu Ha Pham Thi , Khang Do Tan , Tuyen Phung Thi , Minh Truong Ngoc , Xuan Tran Dang , Thi Lang Nguyen , Buu Bui Chi
Published: October 2022

Present study was performed to analysis both physical and chemical properties of rice germplasm and heritability for yield components in combinations. A total of 44 lines/varieties obtained from Cuu Long Rice Research Institute genebank, and 30 F1 generation combinations were evaluated. The results showed that the rice line IR79008-B-11-B-B-1 showed overall good physical characters (head rice, grain length, grain width, chalkiness). In terms of chemical characteristics, three varieties IR75499-73-1-B, OM6162, and OM4900 were found to have good amylose content, gel consistency, protein content, gelatinization temperature, and aroma. A very notable finding was that the cross between OM6162/SwarnaSub1 that low amylose content (20.2%), high gel consistency (78.2 mm), high protein content (8.1%), appropriate gelatinization temperature (scale 5), low chalkiness (level 0), high heritability (0.9) for grain yield trait/cluster, and (0.84) for the number of panicles/cluster. Moreover these characters consist of plant height, panicles lenght, number of panicles/cluster, number of filled grains/panicle, number of unfilled/panicle, and grain yield/ cluster showed moderate to high heritability of mean for combination OM6162/SwarnaSub1. The results suggest that the grain yield trait/cluster and the number of panicles/cluster are important yield contributing traits to rice breeders for selecting ideal combinations for higher yield and quality of next generations.
Mutagenic Effect of Gamma Rays and EMS on Seed Germination, Seedling Height Reduction and Survivability of Chick Pea (Cicer arietinum L.) Var. Co-4
Authors: Umavathi S. , Mullainathan L.
Published: October 2022

The effect of gamma irradiation and EMS treatment on seed germination and seedling height of Chick pea (Cicer arietinum. L.). In this regard Co-4 variety of chick pea was subjected to different doses/concentrations of gamma rays (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kR) and EMS (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mM) for inducing mutation. The effect of mutagen was observed on the basis of percentage of seed germination, seedling height reduction at 15th day and survivability. From the result it was observed that, the percentage of seed germination, seedling height reduction at 15th day and survivability were significantly decreased with increasing doses/concentrations of mutagen. The effective doses/ concentrations which caused 50 % growth reduction were 40kR in gamma rays and 30 mM in EMS.
Screening of Different Extracts of Marine Macro Green Algae for Larvicidal Activity against Dengue Fever Mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culiadae)
Authors: Adaikala Raj G. , Jayaraman M. , Krishnamoorthy S. , Chandrasekaran M. , Venkatesalu V.
Published: October 2022

The present study larvicidal activities of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol extracts of Halimeda macroloba, Decsne, Caulerpa racemosa (Frosk) Weber-Van-Bosses and Ulva lactuca Lin, (Chlorophyceae) against Aedes aegypti. The marine macro green algae extracts were tested against early 4th instar larvae of A. aegypti using WHO protocol and concentrations of 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm. The observed mortality was made 24 and 48 h after treatment, data was subjected to probit analysis to determine the lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) of the treated larvae of the tested species.Among the tested extracts the maximum efficicacy was observed in the ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extracts of the seaweeds showed the presence of terpenoids, tannins and phenolic compounds stronger than the other extracts. The results revealed that all the extracts showed varied levels of larvicidal activity against A. aegypti tested. However, the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa showed remarkable larvicidal activity against A. aegypti (LC50=579.9 and LC90=1255.4 ppm values at 24 h and LC50 =495.4 and LC90 =1073.9 ppm at 48 h) followed by U. lactuca (LC50=588.1 and LC90=1290.7 ppm values at 24 h, and LC50= 530.8 and LC90= 1160.0 ppm at 48 h), respectively. The lowest larval mortality was observed with hexane extract of H. macroloba against A. aegypti with values of LC50=1116.8 and LC90= 1824.5 ppm (after 24 h) and LC50=1059.9 and LC90=1768.3 ppm (after 24 h). The present studies indicate that the larvicidal activity and phytochemicals derived from the ethyl acetate extract of C. racemosa have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly approach and effective mosquito vector control agent.
المدخل السنني إلى خريطة المقاصد الكلية في القرآن الكريم
Authors: برغوث الطيب
Published: October 2022

تطرح هذه المحاضرة المهمة مقاربات مهمّة ومحاولات تجديدية ونظرات جادة في منهجية التعامل مع مقاصد القرآن الكريم. يرى المحاضر أنّ الحاجة ملحّة وضرورية، وأن الوقت قد حان لبناء فقه الكليات المقاصدية القرآنية، بعيدًا عن الفقه التجزيئي، وقد قدّم للقارئ خريطة مدخلية ضرورية موسومة بــ«معالم المنظومة السننية الكونية الكلية المتكاملة» المتوازنة الأبعاد، يتضمنّها مفهوم «الصراط المستقيم»، ووصفها بأنها الدليل المعرفي والعملي الصحيح، الذي يقود حركة الإنسان في الأرض نحو التوافق الذاتي، والانسجام الاجتماعي، والتكامل الحضاري والكوني، ويحقّق أعلى مستويات أصالتها الفكرية والأخلاقية، وفعاليتها الإنجازية، وتكامليتها الوظيفية، واطراديتها التاريخية النموذجية القصوى. ويؤكّد المحاضر أنّ القرآن الكريم لا يستعيد مكانته المحورية في نفوسنا، ولا يؤثر فيها التأثير الشامل العميق المتوازن الفعال، إلا إذا تمكنّا من استخلاص هذه الخريطة السننية الكونية الكلية التي يرسمها للحياة البشرية، وتفاعلنا معها بشكل شامل وعميق ومتوازن، وضبطنا حياتنا كلها على ضوء متطلباتها. وتستوعب هذه الخريطة جلّ حركات الفعل الإنساني، وتشمل: دائرة تأسيس الوعي الغائي بالوجود الكوني والبشري، ومنظومات السنن الكلية الناظمة لحركة الاستخلاف البشري في الأرض، ومنظومات سنن التسخير الكونية الكلية، ومنظومات سنن الوقاية الحضارية الكلية. كما يؤكّد المحاضر أن دراسة المقاصد الكلية للقرآن الكريم واستخلاصها هي التي ستفضي بنا إلى وضع أيدينا على حقيقة هذه الخريطة، بعيدًا عن النزعة الوعظية العاطفية، وبعيدًا عن المنهجية التجزيئية الإنكفائية الموغلة في التبعيضية المتنافرة.
Optimisation of the Construction Plan of Assembled Concrete Structures in Other Courtyard Buildings Based on Grey Clustering
Authors: Chen Mo , Feng Yulong , Kong Weilun
Published: October 2022

The assembled concrete structure is a common construction solution in the current building industry, and it is debatable how to further improve the construction efficiency of the pointed claw assembled concrete structure. The study proposes a grey clustering method based on the improved OWA operator as a means to obtain more effective construction evaluation indicators. In performance tests, it was shown that the grey clustering method under the OWA operator optimisation is more capable of computing features for large amounts of data than traditional grey clustering, with an execution time of less than 200s. In the application tests of the construction scheme, the study showed that the proposed optimisation scheme has a more effective safety evaluation, shorter construction period and lower resource consumption. These results show that the use of grey clustering is effective in optimising the construction of assembled concrete structures, and that the optimised solutions show better reduction in construction time and resource utilisation than traditional construction solutions, so that the rational use of grey clustering in assembled buildings will help the construction industry to achieve greater efficiency in construction.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Frequently Reported Somatically Mutated Genes of Triple-negative Breast Cancer and Comparison with Top Mutated Genes from the BRCA-UK Project
Authors: Hilario Allan , Medina John Robert , Nevado Jose , Silao Catherine Lynn
Published: October 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype with uncertain causation except for some subtypes with known genetic etiology. It is associated with heritability and is considered a genetically heterogeneous disease. TNBC is associated with a poorer prognosis, is more aggressive in clinical course, has poorer treatment response, and has poorer survival. This study was done to review the differentially somatically mutated genes in published literature according to the frequency of articles cited, GO and STRING analyses performed, and comparison done with the genetic profile of the BRCA-UK Project TNBC cohort. A literature search was done in PubMed using specified mesh words. The top 54 frequently reported genes were characterized using GO and STRING protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses. The set of genes cited in literature was compared with the top 50 somatically mutated genes in the BRCA-UK Project cohort. The top ten most frequently reported mutated genes in the literature were TP53, PIK3CA, PTEN, PALB2, RB1, ATM, AKT1, CDH1, EGFR, and KMT2C. GO analysis showed enrichment in themes associated with cell proliferation and enhanced cellular metabolism. STRING PPI analysis further showed involvement in proto-oncogene activation, cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, evasion of apoptosis, loss of tumor suppression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and metastasis. It also suggested involvements in interacting signaling pathways such as P13K/AKT/mTOR, NOTCH, BRCA2, RAS/MAPK, and PK pathways. Interestingly, upon comparison with the BRCA-UK Project cohort, the number of dissimilar genes were more than the shared genes, which include TP53, TTN, SYNE1, and USH2A. The genetic profile of TNBC from literature provides a tumor microenvironment that reflects the aggressive biological behavior and poor clinical outcomes of TNBC. This can be used to elucidate the cancer biology of TNBC and provides biomarkers for possible prognosticators and targets for drug development and future research.
Properties and Potential Applications of Carboxymethyl-kappa-carrageenan Hydrogels Crosslinked by Gamma Radiation
Authors: Tranquilan-Aranilla Charito , Barba Bin Jeremiah , Relleve Lorna , Nagasawa Naotsugu
Published: October 2022

Carboxymethyl κ-carrageenan (CMKC), with different degrees of substitution (DSs), were gamma-irradiated in viscous or paste solutions. Successfully synthezised chemically crosslinked hydrogels showed dependence on the DS, concentration, and radiation dose. The highest gel fraction was 76% exhibited by CMkC-3s hydrogel with a DS of 1.58. The hydrogels showed different swelling degrees in water and saline. Swelling behavior vs. time, in both solvents, corresponded to 2nd-order kinetics. The CMkC-3s at 20% concentration irradiated at 15 kGy had the highest water absorption of 334 g water/g dry gel. Selected hydrogels were evaluated for applications as wound dressing, as water retainer in sandy soil, and as metal adsorbent. As a wound dressing, CMkC-2s and CMkC-3s hydrogels exhibited considerable tensile strengths, abilities to absorb pseudo extracellular fluid, and extractables with pH/conductivity conducive for healing promotion. Also, the CMkC-3s hydrogel had no cytotoxic potential based on the MTT test. As water retainer in sandy soil, test samples with 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% CMkC-3s granules initially retained 25.1%, 32.2%, and 42.6% water, respectively, compared to 19.2% of the sandy soil alone. On Day 7, the three sandy soil-CMkC groups still had 13.7–29.3% water, while the control had only 3.85%. In the batch adsorption studies, the hydrogels adsorbed Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ heavy metals in the solution at different capacities, with Cd2+ as the highly adsorbed and Pb2+ as the least. The CMkC-3s hydrogel showed the highest metal uptake and adsorption efficiency, followed by CMkC-2s, then CMkC-1s. The CMkC-3s hydrogel, further tested on pH effect, exhibited optimum metal uptake at neutral pH.
HPLC Isolate from the Leaves of Kaffir Lime (Citrus hystrix DC) Exhibits Selective Cytotoxicity Against Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line, MCF-7
Authors: Almenario Fatima Mariz , Jacinto Sonia
Published: October 2022

The increasing mortality and morbidity rate caused by breast cancer warrants the need to screen for compounds ideal for chemotherapeutic application. This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of Citrus hystrix leaves utilizing a bioactivity-guided fractionation scheme. Using various chromatographic techniques, the fractions were subjected to MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2- yl)-2, diphenyltetrazo-lium bromide] assay to determine cytotoxicity and bioassays to confirm apoptosis as the mode of cell death. The results revealed that the crude extract was moderately cytotoxic against human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) but not to other cancer cell lines tested. Solvent partitioning of the crude extract revealed that hexane partition exhibited the highest cytotoxicity (IC50: 23 μg/mL) to MCF-7. Sequentially, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) of the hexane partition separated VLC 7 (IC50: 17.2 μg/mL) with the highest percent yield. Hence, VLC 7 was subjected to gravity column chromatography (GCC), where GCC 7.4 exhibited promising cytotoxicity to MCF-7 (IC50: 14.6 μg/mL). Selectivity index (SI) indicated that GCC 7.4 was highly selective against MCF-7 (SI > 2), relative to non-cancer cell lines NIH3T3, HDFn, and AA8. Interestingly, GCC 7.4 induced apoptosis as confirmed by several markers including phosphatidylserine (PS) membrane translocation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. To further purify the components present in GCC 7.4, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed. HPLC 7.4.5 was active against MCF-7 (IC50: 5.5 μg/mL) without being cytotoxic against the non-cancer cell line NIH3T3. Overall, the results demonstrated that C. hystrix leaves possess promising compounds that are highly selective and cytotoxic against MCF-7 by inducing apoptosis.
First Record of Fungi Isolated from Thrips tabaci Lindeman on Garlic (Ilocos White) in Batac, Philippines
Authors: Reyes Cecilia , Mintu Cynthia , Dalisay Teresita
Published: October 2022

The study aimed to isolate, and identify fungi associated with live adult female Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) from garlic (Ilocos White) in Tubug Experimental Area of Mariano Marcos State University in Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. Thrips were collected randomly from garlic (Ilocos White) plants within 200 m2 area in one garlic field of about 400 m2 using the tapping/beating method. Thrips were sorted and examined under the microscope. For the isolation of fungi, 20 live adult female thrips were selected from the collection consisting of females and larvae. Standard isolation of fungi from thrips was conducted and pure cultures of fungal isolates were maintained on PDA (potato dextrose agar) slants. Fungal isolates were processed for DNA extraction, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification, and gel electrophoresis. Forward and reverse reads were paired to generate a consensus sequence, which was used in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) queries to determine taxonomic identity. Out of the 10 fungal isolates, nine were identified as Fusarium proliferatum while one is Aspergillus candidus based on ITS (internal transcribed spacer) gene sequence. They both belong to Class Ascomycota. F. proliferatum on PDA shows varying characteristics of its mycelial growth from being scanty to fluffy, off-white to light yellow, brown, or purple while A. candidatus exhibits the entire margin and bluish-green pigmentation with a fertile layer composed of catenate conidia formed from the vesicle of the conidiophore. F. proliferatum was dominant among the isolates. The manner of isolating them from Thrips tabaci proved that they are endophytes living within them, and these are new records in the Philippines.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Controlled Release Property Evaluation of Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Alginate (CMC/Alg) Encapsulated NPK Fertilizers
Authors: Mesias Vince , Penaloza David
Published: October 2022

This work described the successful preparation of encapsulated nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizers with the use of carboxymethyl cellulose/alginate (CMC/Alg) blend employing citric acid (CA) as the crosslinking agent. The study involved the preparation, characterization, release studies, and efficacy evaluation of the said fertilizer system. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and fluorescence spectroscopic methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis, and zeta potential measurements showed the successful formation of spherical particles with varying sizes (ranging from 733–1200 nm) via crosslinking. Release profiles of the CMC/Alg NPK conformed to the standards of controlled-release fertilizer with a maximum release rate of 50% for CMC/Alg NPK in 30 d. Investigation of the release mechanism using the Korsmeyer-Peppas mathematical model showed that the release of nutrients is governed by both coating material relaxation and diffusion processes. Controlled release behavior was demonstrated as confirmed in the efficacy evaluation of the prepared fertilizer in a 2-mo pot experiment using mung bean.
Determination of Dose Distributions by High-energy Electrons in Alumina Pellets Using Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Hila Frederick , Solomon Haydee , Baule Andrea , Dingle Cheri Anne , Guillermo Neil Raymund , Cervera Rinlee Butch
Published: October 2022

Electron beam accelerators are broadly used to study the effects of ionizing radiation on the properties of materials. These accelerators are also used to study radiation effects in some important ceramics such as alumina. The produced high-energy electrons at MeV energies will deposit doses that are typically non-uniformly distributed within the entire material. Such distributions provide valuable information regarding the degree of internal and surface changes owing to the irradiation. In the present study, the Monte Carlo (MC) method was used to obtain the dose distributions of high-energy electrons to alumina ceramic in pellet form. The distributions obtained via MCNP5 (Monte Carlo N-Particle version 5) were normalized by experimental values. For the energy of the simulated electrons, both monoenergetic and polyenergetic source electron energies were evaluated. The distributions of the depth-dose, depth-energy, and the top and bottom surface 2D dose mesh were obtained. Results showed that either assumption of monoenergetic or polyenergetic source electron energies resulted in similar depth-dose curves. The depth-energy results showed a larger spread in energy distributions for polyenergetic as compared to monoenergetic source electrons; nonetheless, the average doses for both were similar. The 2D dose maps showed a uniform dose distribution at the top pellet surface and a significantly non-uniform distribution at the bottom of the pellet. These results emphasize the effectiveness of the MC method in determining non-uniform doses within materials, which can be used in quantifying the changes in the material properties at each separate area of the electron irradiated object.
Evaluation of the Influence of Thoron on Portable Radon Measurement Devices
Authors: Iwaoka Kazuki , Negami Ryoju , Tamakuma Yuki , Hosoda Masahiro , Palad Lorna Jean , Tokonami Shinji , Feliciano Chitho , Kanda Reiko
Published: October 2022

Radiation exposure due to 222Rn is recognized as a matter of international concern for its health risk to humans. Portable devices for 222Rn concentration measurements, which are user-friendly, can be easily installed and provides a direct readout of values of 222Rn concentration on the built-in LCD (liquid-crystal display) and internal storage. However, there is a possibility that 220Rn can influence experiments for 222Rn measurement because of some similarity in their element properties. In this preliminary study, the influence of 220Rn on the performance of two commercial portable devices for 222Rn measurements was investigated. It was found that the indicated value for radon concentration in these devices could be affected by the presence of thoron gas.
Morphological and Leaf Anatomical Characteristics of Different Variants of Narra (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) Seedlings
Authors: Flores Hannah Mari Carmela , Quimado Marilyn , Tinio Crusty , Maldia Lerma , Combalicer Marilyn
Published: October 2022

Pterocarpus indicus, commonly known as narra, is one of the native leguminous trees in the Philippines that has occupied wide geographic distribution resulting in variability of its morphological and structural characteristics. In this study, the morphological and leaf anatomical features of four P. indicus variants (smooth narra – SN, short prickly narra – PNS, medium prickly narra – PNM, and long prickly narra – PNL) in Mount Makiling Forest Reserve (MMFR) were characterized. Based on seven morphological parameters, the mean root length, mean leaf number, and mean leaf area significantly separated the two major P. indicus forms. SN has a higher mean leaf number but shorter mean root length and smaller mean leaf area compared to the three variants of prickly narra (PNS, PNM, and PNL). Within the prickly narra (PN) variants, PNS and PNM showed distinct similarities based on six morphological parameters. At the same time, PNL seedlings have higher root-shoot ratio and mean biomass, indicating the greater capacity of this variant to store photosynthate material in its roots. The leaf anatomical parameters confirmed the similar features of two PN variants (PNS and PNM). Furthermore, the SN and PNL were significantly distinguished by the palisade and spongy mesophyll, xylem, and phloem area, where SN was considerably higher in all parameters except in the phloem area. This indicates that SN has a higher photosynthetic rate and has high storage capacity and ease of transport of water and organic matter. Thus, the morphological attributes and anatomical parameters contribute to further differentiating the two major forms of P. indicus.
Film Conductivity Affects the Electric Double Layer Formation in Iridium-based Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Bastatas Lyndon
Published: October 2022

Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) from ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) are promising candidates for low-cost lighting system because they are easy to make using solution-based technologies and air-stable materials with simple architecture. Typically, they are fabricated as single-layer devices whose active region acts as mixed conductor as well as the emissive layer. Once the LEEC device is applied with a bias, ions redistribute and accumulate near the electrodes to form electric double layers (EDLs). The EDLs facilitate facile charge carrier injections that lead to efficient operation of the devices. In this work, iridium(III)- based LEEC devices of various active layer thickness were fabricated via spin coating. We investigated the connection between the initial responses of sandwich LEECs and the width of EDL that formed in the devices. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that the film conductivity decreases with film thickness. Operating the devices with constant bias showed that the turn-on time increases and the rate of current growth decreases as the active layer thickness of the device is increased. By formulating the device operation into an equivalent circuit and then extracting the device parameters, it was revealed that the width of EDL follows with the film thickness, which was also confirmed by the ionic charge transport modeling studies. In addition, the device modeling studies also showed that the difference in the mobility between the anions and cations can contribute to the asymmetry of the EDL effective width that formed near each electrode. Overall, this work reports that the width of the EDL formed in iridium-based LEECs is affected by the film conductivity.
STUDI MENDALAM KONSEP KESELAMATAN DALAM LINGKUNGAN BAPTIS DI MASA KINI
Authors: Montang Ricky Donald , Andi Sophian
Published: October 2022

Konsep keselamatan merupakan suatu konsep atau doktrin yang sangat fundamental dalam kehidupan orang percaya, yang harus dipahami dengan baik dan benar sesuai dengan ajaran Firman Tuhan. Karena itu, mempelajarinya atau menelitinya secara mendalam merupakan sesuatu yang sangat penting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki secara mendalam konsep keselamatan dalam lingkungan Baptis masa kini.

Metode penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis kualitatif melalui metode studi pustaka (library research). Tahapan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menghimpun beberapa sumber kepustakaan, baik yang bersifat primer maupun sekunder. Setelah itu, melakukan klasifikasi data yang sesuai dengan formula penelitian. Kemudian selanjutnya melakukan pengelohan data, dengan cara mengutip referensi untuk dijadikan sebagai temuan penelitian, yang kemudian diabstraksikan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang utuh dan komprehensif, yang kemudian ditafsirkan dengan pendekatan teologis sehingga menghasilkan pengetahuan untuk menarik kesimpulan.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep keselamatan dalam lingkungan Baptis masa kini sesuai dengan ajaran Firman Allah, yaitu hanya karena iman kepada Yesus Kristus, yang dibuktikan melalui pertobatan dari dosa-dosa dan ketaatan kepada Firman Tuhan.
Hardening technique for men 40-50 years for winter swimming
Authors: Svetlakova M. V. , Konstantinova V. V.
Published: October 2022

An extremely important means of preventing "cold" diseases is the use of various hardening procedures. Many of the previously frequently ill people stop getting sick at all or get sick 2-3 times less often after they begin to systematically actively harden. When hardening, the body develops resistance to cooling and, thereby, to "colds" and some other diseases.

Purpose - the influence of various hardening factors on the development of a training effect for cooling and what factors of influence and their combinations (strong or weak, conduction, followed by warming up, self-massage, etc.) are the most optimal.

Methods and organization of the study: The mode of accelerated local adaptation was used in the experiment. The task of the study was to find out how all these various factors influence the development of a training effect for cooling.