bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counting sumsets and sum-free sets modulo a prime
Authors: Green B. , Ruzsa I. Z.
Published: April 2016

Let p be a prime. A set A of residues modulo p is said to be sum-free if there are no solutions to a = a′ + a″ with a, a′, a″ ∈ A. We show that there are 2p/3+o(p) such sets. We also count the number of distinct sets of the form B + B, where B is a set of residues modulo p. Once again, there are 2p/3+o(p) such sets.
Gender and Sexual Minority Youth in Nonmetropolitan Communities: Individual- and Community-Level Needs for Support
Authors: Paceley Megan S.
Published: April 2016

Gender and sexual minority (GSM) youth are at risk of mental and physical health problems due to experiences of stigmatization and marginalization. GSM youth in nonmetropolitan communities may be at increased risk, yet have less access to other GSM people and resources. Given GSM youth's risks, the lack of research in nonmetropolitan areas, and the need for interventions to meet the needs of GSM youth, this study aimed to establish an understanding of what nonmetropolitan GSM youth perceive as their needs for support within their small communities. Using grounded theory, qualitative interviews were conducted with 34 youth. Findings revealed 4 categories of needs: reduction in isolation, social acceptance and visibility, emotional support and safety, and GSM identity development.
Field study to analyse luminous comfort in classrooms
Authors: Yıldız Yusuf , Caner Ismail , Ilten Nadir , Karaoglan Aslan Deniz
Published: April 2016

This study analysed current daylighting conditions in terms of luminous comfort in the classrooms of Balikesir University in Turkey. This was managed through a questionnaire survey and numerical simulations in 16 different classrooms of the Faculty of Engineering-Architecture. The simulation study considered the differences in the performance parameters daylighting level, illuminance uniformity and daylighting factors in order to compare them with the values defined in the standards. Collected for the survey were 818 questionnaires, and these were analysed to understand the students’ perception of luminous comfort in classrooms by using SPSS 22.0 and Minitab 16. The simulation results showed that performance factors in all classrooms were lower than the standard values. Therefore, daylighting can be necessary together with artificial lighting based on the distance from window at the same time. This result revealed that design of artificial lighting is as significant as the design of classrooms. According to the survey results, the perception of luminous comfort is mostly affected by orientation, distance from windows and difference in gender. Furthermore, the students mostly preferred both natural and artificial lighting. This matched well with the simulation results. In conclusion, this paper proposes guidelines for designing high-performance classrooms in terms of luminous comfort.
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Effects of strapping the tendo-Achilles
Authors: Puckree T , Augustine E , Ramdani A , Padayachee K , Lin J
Published: April 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 9-13
The effects of an L-methionine combination supplement on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections and performance in ultramarathon runners before, during and after ultra-endurance exercise
Authors: Harden LM , Neveling N , Rossouw F , Semple SJ , Marx FE , Rossouw J , Rogers G
Published: April 2016

Objective. To evaluate whether supplementation with an L-methionine combination would reduce the incidence of upper respiratory tract symptoms (URTS) and improve performance in ultramarathon runners. Design. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Setting. Twenty-one ultramarathon runners (17 males, 4 females) preparing for participation in an 87.3 km ultramarathon. Interventions. L-methionine combination supplement (L-methionine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid and magnesium) or placebo containing potato starch. Main outcome measures. Incidence of URTS was recorded during the runner's preparation for an ultramarathon race (75 days) and recovery from the same (75 days). CD4+, CD8+ cell counts and ratios were measured pre race, immediately post race and 75 days post race. VO2max and endurance fitness (percentage VO2max at 4 mmol-1 lactate concentration) were measured during the preparation for the race. Results. During the preparation period the incidence of URTS was 36% in the supplement group and 80% in the placebo group (p = 0.08). The incidence of URTS during the 3 weeks post race was 27% in the supplement group and 40% in the placebo group (p = 0.65). The CD4+/CD8+ cell ratios were not significantly different between groups. Endurance fitness prior to the race and race times were not significantly different. Conclusions. Although the findings of the current study show that an L-methionine combination supplement did not reduce the incidence of URTS or improve performance in ultramarathon runners, benefits may be found with a more detailed investigation using larger sample sizes and immunosuppressed athletes. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol.16(1) 2004: 10-16
Get the message out!
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Get the message out!
Skinny fashion – a role for sports medicine?
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Skinny fashion – a role for sports medicine?
Validity and reliability of a physical activity/inactivity questionnaire in South African primary schoolgirls
Authors: Mciza ZJ , Goedecke JH , Lambert EV
Published: April 2016

Objective. We sought to determine the validity and reliability of a self-report physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) measuring physical activity/inactivity in South African schoolgirls of different ethnic origins. Methods. Construct validity of the PAQ was tested against physical activity energy expenditure estimated from an ACTIVITYGRAM and inactivity from reported television programme viewing in 332 girls (ages 9 - 12 yrs, grades 4 - 5). Body composition (WHO BMI percentiles and percentage body fat) was used as an indirect measure of validity for the PAQ. Test-retest reliability of the PAQ was assessed in a convenience sample of 14 girls. Results. Weak but significant associations were found between the body composition and PAQ-derived total energy expenditure (r=-0.18; p
Effectiveness of early quadriceps exercises after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Pumell C
Published: April 2016

Objective. To systematically review the published information regarding the effectiveness and safety of early postoperative quadriceps muscle exercise training on pain, joint laxity, function and range of motion in postoperative anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction adult patients. Data sources. Five databases (CINAHL, PEDro, Pubmed, Science Direct and the Cochrane Library) were searched for studies published from January 1990 to May 2007. Study selection. Publications describing research into the effectiveness of early quadriceps exercises after ACL reconstruction were included. A total of three eligible articles met the inclusion criteria. Data extraction. A review of the three eligible studies was undertaken to describe the key study components. The PEDro Scale was used to determine the methodological quality of the selected trials and the level of evidence of all the eligible studies was categorised according to the evidence hierarchy by Lloyd-Smith.24 Relevant data were extracted by the two reviewer groups to reduce bias. Data synthesis. Due to study heterogeneity a meta-analysis could not be conducted. Effect sizes were calculated provided that sufficient data were provided. Outcome measures included range of motion (ROM), functional performance, pain  and knee laxity. The methodological quality of the studies did not vary considerably across the studies and the average PEDro score was 66%. Marginal significant differences were noted in knee ROM at 1 month postoperatively, pain day 1 postoperatively, knee laxity and subjective evaluation of function at 6 months postoperatively. Conclusion. Early quadriceps exercises can be performed safely in the first 2 postoperative weeks, but clinically significant gains in ROM, function, pain and knee laxity were not evident. Further research should include standardised interventions, measurement time frames and outcome measurement tools to allow for a meta- analysis to be conducted
Do we have a niche market?
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Do we have a niche market?
Medication use by Team South Africa during the XXVIIIth Olympiad: A model for quantity estimation for multi-coded team events
Authors: Derman WE
Published: April 2016

Objective. This descriptive study was undertaken to report the medications used by the athletes and officials of Team South Africa at the 2004 Olympic Games and to provide a model for the estimation of quantities to be used for planning support to future events. Setting. South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Methods. The names of the medications, including the dosage and quantity of medications dispensed, were recorded in the pharmacy stock control book at the South African medical facility, 2004 Olympic Games, Athens, Greece. Retrospective review of patient files and medical encounter forms was also undertaken to check against the pharmacy stock control book to ensure complete data capture of dispensed medications. Main outcome measures. Quantities of medications consumed during the observation period. The units of medication consumed per travelling team member were calculated by dividing the number of units (tablets, capsules, tubes, inhalers, bottles and ampoules) used during the trip by the total number of travelling team members. Results. Complete records of medications included in the travelling pharmacy are described. Quantities of medications included ranged from single units to 2 250 units and percentage use of various medications varied from 0% to 100% of stocks. Units per team member ranged from 0 to 9.43. Medications were consumed from all categories of agents. The most utilised agents included the analgesics, musculoskeletal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents as well as certain vitamin and mineral supplements. Conclusions. This study describes the consumption of pharmacological agents by the athletes and officials of Team South Africa during the Athens 2004 Olympic Games. It also provides a model to assist with the estimation of quantities of medications to be included in the travelling pharmacy for future international multicoded sports events. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (3) 2008: pp. 78-84
Autonomic response to exercise as measured by cardiovascular variability
Authors: Grant CC , Ker JA
Published: April 2016

Motivation. There is growing interest in the use of cardiovascular variability indicators as measures of autonomic activity, even though reported results are not always comparable or as expected. This review aims to determine the consistency of results reported on the autonomic response to physical exercise as measured by heart rate variability, blood pressure variability and baroreceptor sensitivity. Method. An Ovid MEDLINE Database search for the period 1950 - March 2008 produced 46 articles for review. The published articles that evaluate the effect of exercise on the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are summarised in three categories: the response of the ANS during a bout of exercise, directly after exercise (recovery measurements), and after a long-term exercise programme. Results. Articles on the effect of training on the ANS as measured by cardiovascular variability indicators show increased variability, decreased variability, and no change in variability. Conclusion. Findings in this review emphasise that standardisation and refinement of these measuring tools are essential to produce results that can be repeated and used as reference. Standardisation is essential as these measurements are increasingly employed in studies regarding investigations of central autonomic regulation, those exploring the link between psychological pro cesses and physiological functioning, and those indicating ANS activity in response to exercise, training and overtraining. This review shows that important aspects are inter-individual differences, duration and intensity of the exercise programme, and choice and specific implementation of variability analysis techniques. South African Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 20 (4) 2008: pp. 102-108
Proliferation of information – the good the bad and the ugly
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Proliferation of information – the good the bad and the ugly
Role of qualitative research in exercise science and sports medicine
Authors: Draper C
Published: April 2016

Qualitative research is featuring more frequently in health sciences research, a field in which the ‘hard sciences’ and statistics have traditionally dominated. For example, within the fields of exercise science and sports medicine, qualitative research methods are included to evaluate intervention programmes. These methods are also being used in studies that require measurement of behavioural perspectives, such as an understanding of individuals’ motivations, attitudes, beliefs and perceptions. Qualitative research methods are also becoming increasingly useful in the investigation of contextual factors that impact on physical activity and sporting performance. The purpose of this article is to clarify the role of qualitative research in exercise science and sports medicine and provide the reader with a basic understanding of the basis of qualitative research. Qualitative data collection and analysis, sampling strategies in qualitative research, the role of the qualitative researcher, and issues of scientific rigour regarding qualitative research will be addressed.
South African Sports Medicine Association (SASMA) consensus statement on policy for managing athletes with disorders of sexual development (DSD)
Authors: . .
Published: April 2016

SASMA views disorders of sexual development (DSD) as a medical condition that has profound physical and psychological effects on not only the individuals affected, but also their families. Like any other disorder, this condition has to be managed with a view to offer the best outcomes for affected individuals. When the attending physician identifies stigmata suggesting DSD in a newborn there should be proper consultation and education of parents.
Measure, so you can manage
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Measure, so you can manage
Conferences – do they still serve a purpose?
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Conferences- do they still serve a purpose?
Endurance Training - Science and Practice
Authors: Capostagno B
Published: April 2016

Endurance Training - Science and Practice
Attitudes and behaviours of top-level junior rugby union coaches towards the coaching of proper contact technique in the tackle – a pilot study
Authors: Hendricks S , Sarembock M
Published: April 2016

Background. Coaching strategies for effective technique and injury prevention have been proposed for the tackle. Despite this, little isknown about current coaching attitudes and the behaviours of coaches towards proper contact technique in the tackle, especially at thejunior level.Objective. To report on the attitudes and behaviours of junior rugby union coaches towards coaching of proper contact technique in thetackle.Methods. Seven coaches of the top 8 rugby-playing schools (Premier Division) in the Western Province Rugby Union participated in thestudy (representing 88% of the entire population of top-level junior coaches in the region). Coaches completed a questionnaire, modelledon previous research, surveying attitudes and behaviours towards tackling.Results. Proper technique for injury prevention was rated as very important (57%) and important (29%), with 14% undecided. Propertechnique to improve performance was rated as very important (57%) and important (43%). To further develop coaching knowledgeand to develop new training methods, ‘coaching colleagues’ (very much – 71%; mean rating 4.7; 95% CI 4.3 - 5.2) was rated as the mostoften used.Conclusion. Collectively, the coaches in this study demonstrated a positive attitude towards injury prevention and performance. Additionalmeans of communicating information to coaches, other than the traditional channels, have also been highlighted here.
The prevalence of clinical signs of ankle instability in club rugby players
Authors: Mellet E , Stewart A
Published: April 2016

Background. Ankle injuries are one of the most common injuries in sport and have a high recurrence rate.Aim. To determine the prevalence of clinical signs of ankle injuries in club rugby players in South Gauteng.Methods. Institutional ethical clearance was obtained for the study. Of the 180 players from 9 clubs who were eligible for participation in thestudy, 76% (n=137) were recuited. Informed consent was obtained before players were asked to complete a battery of tests. Each player wasasked to complete a demographic questionnaire and the Olerud and Molander questionnaire to determine the prevalence of clinical signs ofperceived instability. The prevalence of clinical signs of mechanical instability was determined by the anterior drawer test (ADT) and talartilt test (TTT). Balance and proprioception were assessed by the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and this was used to determine theprevalence of clinical signs of functional instability.Results. The prevalence of perceived instability was 44%. The prevalence of clinical signs of mechanical ankle instability was 33%. There was anincreased prevalence of mechanical instability in players who had a history of previous ankle injuries: ADT left (p=0.003); ADT right (p=0.01);TTT left (p=0.001); TTT right (p=0.08), both tests positive left (p=0.001) and both tests positive right (p=0.03). The prevalence of clinical signsof functional ankle instability depended on the surface and visual input, and was greater as the challenge or perturbation increased.Conclusion. There was a high prevalence of clinical signs of ankle instability in club rugby players for perceived, mechanical and functionalinstability. Those with previously injured ankles were more likely to have unstable ankles.
The state of women’s rugby union in South Africa: Recommendations for long-term participant development
Authors: Posthumus M
Published: April 2016

Several international rugby unions, including the South African Rugby Union, have adopted the long-term athlete development (LTAD) model, which is based on physiological principles that categorise players into specific stages of development. The original model proposes different age categories for boys and girls within each specific stage of development. This review: (i) discusses the current state of junior female rugby in South Africa; (ii) discusses the evidence for gender-specific differences in the LTAD model; and (iii) recommends a future strategy for LTAD within female rugby in South Africa, considering the current approaches of other international unions.
The legend of plantar neuropraxia in long-distance athletes
Authors: Kellogg DS , Joslin J
Published: April 2016

Background. Legend has it that endurance athletes who develop plantar foot pain during long-distance running frequently experience an eventual relief of pain due to a transient neuropraxia brought on by continued activity.Objective. To evaluate the nature of this legend, we assessed long-distance runners for the presence of sensory deficits before and after completion of an ultramarathon, expecting to find an induced neuropraxia  and abnormal sensory results.Methods. Twenty-five adult participants of an ultramarathon were evaluated prior to their 50/100 km run and again upon completion of the race. Neurosensory testing was performed using a 10 g monofilament at 4 locations on each foot and a 128 Hz tuning fork at one location on each foot. The same techniques were used prior to, and at conclusion of the race.Results. We detected no neuropraxia or sensory deficits in any participant, despite reports by the same subjects that they had experienced the phenomenon during the race. While runners commonly report losing sensation in their feet during long runs, we were unable to demonstrate any sensory deficit with simple field-based testing.Conclusion. We believe that there is room for additional research to be performed using more sensitive means of neurosensory evaluation.
Evaluating the quality of science in exercise and sports medicine
Authors: Lambert M
Published: April 2016

Evaluating the quality of science in exercise and sports medicine
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the forearm of a rower
Authors: Volcke P , Kirby J H , Viviers P L , Viljoen J T
Published: April 2016

This case report describes chronic exertional compartment syndrome in the forearm of a professional rower. We consider this to be a rare anatomical location for this type of syndrome. Morever, not much is known about its clinical presentation and the subsequent optimal medical management thereof.
Steps that count: Pedometer-measured physical activity, self-reported physical activity and current physical guidelines ‒ how do they relate?
Authors: Pillay Julian David , Kolbe-Alexander Tracy L , Proper Karin I , Tomaz Simone A , Van Mechelen Willem , Lambert Estelle V
Published: April 2016

Background. The association between self-perceived and actual physical activity, with particular reference to physical activity guidelines, may be an important factor in determining the extent of uptake of and compliance with physical activity.Objectives. To examine the association between self-perceived and actual physical activity in relation to physical activity guidelines, with reference to volume, intensity and duration of steps/day, and to establish the level of agreement between pedometer-measured and selfreported ambulatory physical activity, in relation to current guidelines.Methods. A convenience sample of adults (N=312; mean (standard deviation) age 37 (9) years), wore a pedometer (minimum 3 consecutive days) and completed a questionnaire that included information on physical activity patterns. Analyses of covariance, adjusted for age and gender, compared volume- and intensity-based steps according to meeting/not meeting guidelines (self-reported). The extent of agreement between self-reported and pedometer-measured physical activity was also determined.Results. Average (SD) steps/day were 6 574 (3 541). Of a total of 312 participants’ self-reported data, those meeting guidelines (n=63) accumulated significantly more steps/day than those not meeting guidelines (8 753 (4 251) v. 6 022 (3 114) total steps/day and 1 772 (2 020) v. 421 (1 140) aerobic steps/day, respectively; p<0.0001). More than half of the group who self-reported meeting the guidelines did not meet guidelines as per pedometer data.Conclusion. The use of pedometers as an alternative and/or adjunct to self-reported measures is an area for consideration. Steps/day recommendations that consider intensity-based steps may provide significant effects in improving fitness and health.
Body mass index and associated physical activity levels in 7 - 10-year-old children in primary schools in Port Elizabeth
Authors: Baard M
Published: April 2016

Background. Declining levels of physical activity coupled with the rising incidence of childhood obesity in developing countries are of health concern. Current daily recommendations for preadolescent children are to accumulate 60 min of moderate physical activity per day. In South Africa, physical education forms part of the life skills curriculum, but children have limited school time to engage in physical activity. As many obesogenic behaviours are learnt in childhood and track into adulthood, physical activity should be promoted at a young age and should be a research priority. Objectives. To explore and determine the association between body mass index (BMI) and daily physical activity levels as expressed in metabolic equivalent of task (MET) in 7 - 10-year-old children in quintile-5 English-medium primary schools in Port Elizabeth. Methods. A quantitative, descriptive, one-way, cross-sectional design utilising random sampling was used. A once-off survey comprised anthropometric assessment of height and weight of 713 participants. Age- and gender-specific prevalence rates of overweight, obesity and underweight were calculated based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut-off points. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and χ2 tests were performed. A validated once-off interviewer-administered physical activity questionnaire was utilised to determine daily energy costs. Results. The BMI of the majority of children fell within the norm and was coupled with high levels of daily physical activity (average of 893 METs). No significant relationship was found for BMI and physical activity (p=0.8). Conclusion. Daily level of physical activity is not significantly related to BMI in urban children from an economically privileged setting
Boxer safety, and the relationship between the referee and the ringside physician
Authors: Sethi N K
Published: April 2016

Both the referee and the ringside physician areentrusted with the safety of the boxer in the ring. TheUniform Boxing Rules (approved August 25, 2001,Amended August 2, 2002, Amended July 3, 2008)recognise the referee as the sole arbiter of a bout andthe only individual authorised to stop a contest. Unified rules ofmixed martial arts (MMA) and some boxing commissions recogniseboth the referee and the ringside physician as arbiters of a fight, andthe only individuals authorised to enter the fight area at any timeduring competition and stop a fight when the combatant’s safetyis compromised. Irrespective of who stops the fight, the stoppageshould be timely and fair to the combatants and their corners; apremature stoppage is unfair to the boxers, their corners, the promoterand the public, while a fight stopped too late risks serious injury andeven death of the boxer.[1]Stoppage from inside the
The incidence of injuries and exposure time of professional football club players in the Premier Soccer League during football season
Authors: Calligeris T
Published: April 2016

Background. Data on the incidence of football injuries and exposure time of players during matches and training in the South African (SA) Premier Soccer League (PSL) are lacking. Objective. To calculate the incidence of injuries and the exposure time (practice and match) of the players of a PSL team over a full season. Methods. Injury and training data of the players in the squad (N=32) were recorded on a daily basis by the medical support staff, according to the methods of the Football Medical Assessment and Research Centre (F-MARC) protocol. Results. One hundred and thirty injuries were recorded in the season. The most affected body parts were the thigh (n=27, 21%) and ankle (n=27, 21%). The overall incidence was 13.4 injuries per 1 000 player-hours. The incidence during training was 6.6 injuries/1 000 playerhours and during matches 88.9 injuries/1 000 player-hours. The most frequent injury was haematoma/contusion/bruising (n=43, 33%). Of the total injuries, 12% were recurrent. Injury through contact with another player was high (62%). Seventy-six per cent of the injuries were not associated with any violation of the laws of the game. The average time off due to injury was 8 days. The total exposure time over the full season resulted in a combined average of 18 162 minutes (~303 hours). Conclusion. These data differ from the data in European studies. Injury and exposure data measured throughout the season have the potential to identify risks and mechanisms of injuries. This study highlights the necessity for all clubs in the PSL to adopt a standardised injury monitoring programme, using standardised methodology, so that the management of professional players in SA may be improved.
The cricket bowling performance of different racial groups at a junior provincial level in South Africa
Authors: Taliep M S
Published: April 2016

Objective. To investigate the difference in performance and bowling opportunity of black African (BA), coloured/Indian (C/I) and white(W) cricket bowlers at a junior provincial level in South Africa between 2006 and 2012.Methods. Data of all players performing in the South African interprovincial under-13 (U13), under-15 (U15) and under-19 (U19)tournaments were analysed. Bowling performance (bowling average and the top 20 wicket takers relative to their par representation) andbowling opportunity (number of overs bowled) were compared between racial groups.Results. There were no significant differences in the bowling averages between BA bowlers and the other racial groups between 2008 and 2012.BA bowling averages were only significantly worse than W bowlers in the U13s in 2006 and U19s in 2007. BA bowling averages were also onlysignificantly worse than C/I in the U13s and U15s in 2007. BA bowlers were below par representation in the top 20 wicket takers in each yearfor the U15s and U19s and below par representation for the U13s in 2007 - 2009 and 2011. The performance of C/I and W bowlers was relativelysimilar across the age groups. BA players bowled significantly fewer overs than W bowlers in the U13s in 2006, in the U15s in 2007 and 2009and in the U19s in 2006, 2007, 2010 and 2011. C/I bowlers bowled significantly fewer overs than W bowlers in the U13s in 2008 and 2009.Conclusion. The bowling averages of the different racial groups are similar. However, there were relatively few BA bowlers in the top 20wicket takers each year. This could be because of a lack of highly skilled BA bowlers or the lack of opportunity provided to BA bowlers tobowl in these tournaments.
The Relation between Conversational Strategies Used in Hard News Interview to the Roles of Being a Particular Institutional Representative: An Analysis
Authors: Nik Azim Nik Ahmad Farhan
Published: April 2016

A normal conversation often follows a single transition in which adjacency pair demands co-related and immediate feedback. However, when this synergy is violated to some extent, it is believed that this will lead to unequal turn-taking especially in institutional dialogue. Different social settings could also allow some conversational participants to be dominant or less dominant. This study will investigate the effect of institutional role by using some of the strategy proposed by Heritage (1997). Heritage asserts that these four strategies that will be discussed in this paper namely turn-taking organization, turn design organization, sequence organization and repair organization, enables researcher to determine the institutional field or roles of any speaker in a conversation. Other factor such as lexical choices, which may likely to be associated with the speaker’s institutional representation will also be analyzed.
A Thematic Analysis of the Medical Practitioners ’Reaction towards Patients’ Explanation in Notifying their Health Condition in Malaysia3
Authors: Wan Shaharuddin Wan Yusoff , Muda Mariah , See Soo Yin
Published: April 2016

Effective interpersonal communication between patients and the medical practitioners has always been the medium for information exchange between both parties. This qualitative research is conducted to determine how the medical practitioners react to the patients’ complaints in any given medical interaction settings. The data for the entire research were obtained through in-depth interviews, conducted with six informants. The purposive sampling method was utilized to determine the appropriate informants to be chosen with the traits of a psychiatric patient diagnosed with any psychiatric complication. The data were analysed by deriving themes from the in-depth interviews using thematic analysis method. The data acquired from the informants have contributed to a few themes which have indicated the medical practitioners’ reaction to the patients’ complaints. Based on the findings, the researcher has concluded that the medical practitioners involved in treating the informants were not responsive enough to the patients’ complaint.
Antithrombotic activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa): A review
Authors: Sirisidthi Kanjana , Kosai Piya , Jiraungkoorskul Kanitta , Jiraungkoorskul* Wannee
Published: April 2016

The venous and arterial thromboembolic disorders are still be the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Now a days, the concept of “healthy diets” is very popular in the present lifestyle. So, the use of antithrombotic agents is of considerable interest in the role of natural food products and their bioactive components in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. Moreover, epidemiologic studies have provided evidence that foods with the thrombolytic/fibrinolytic effect could reduce the risk of thrombosis. “Blood thinner foods” have the antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and/or fibrinolytic properties. Natural foods that contain salicylates can mimic some of the antiplatelet effects of cardiovascular drug like aspirin. Fruits (i.e., grapefruit, guava, kiwi, pineapple, and watermelon), vegetables (i.e., alfalfa, beans, corn, potato, radish, and zucchini), and spices (i.e., chili, curry, ginger, rosemary and turmeric) are reported that they are containing salicylates compounds. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a small rhizomatous perennial herb belonging to Zingiberaceae family originating from Southeastern Asia. It is a folk remedy for applying on fresh cuts to stop bleeding and for the healing of wound. Further, turmeric has been shown to possess anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Its phytochemical substances are alkaloids, curcuminoids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, which all of these contribute to its remedial properties. This article provides a brief overview of the antithrombotic activity of turmeric, C. longa to further provide an up-to-date review showing its importance.
Genetic divergence, correlation and path coefficient analysis for the yield components of pigeonpea genotypes
Authors: Pushpavalli SNCVL , Sudhakar C. , Rani C. Sudha , Rajeswari R. Raja , Rani C. Jyothi
Published: April 2016

The present investigation was carried out using thirty two pigeonpea genotypes during kharif 2013-14 to obtain the knowledge of correlation, path coefficient analysis for the yield components and genetic divergence. The range of GCV was observed from 9.81 to 40.88% for the traits under study which provides information regarding the extent of variability present among the genotypes. Seed yield was significantly and positively correlated with number of secondary branches/plant, pods/plant and 100-seed weight. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of secondary branches exhibited maximum direct effect followed by number of pods/plant and 100 seed weight. The genotypes were grouped into eight different clusters based on Mahalonobis D2 statistics. Clusters II and III exhibited maximum inter cluster distance of 8.80. Days to 50% flowering contributed to maximum genetic divergence followed by seed yield. Genotypes in cluster III recorded highest mean value for days to maturity, number of secondary branches and seed yield.
Using the Alberta Continuity of Services Observer-Rated Scale to Measure Continuity of Care in a Psychiatric Population
Authors: Vandyk Amanda Digel , VanDenKerkhof Elizabeth G. , Graham Ian D. , Harrison Margaret B.
Published: April 2016

Background and Purpose: Continuity of care (CoC) is an important component in the delivery of quality mental health care. Yet, its measurement is inconsistent. We explored the use of the Alberta Continuity of Services Scale for Mental Health (ACSS-MH) observer-rated scale and compared CoC scores in 2 groups (N = 140) of individuals with mental health complaints (5+ and 1 emergency department [ED] visits/year). Methods: Secondary analysis of health record data. Results: The application of the ACSS-MH observer-rated scale in our population is discussed, as well as differences in CoC scores by group. Conclusions: The ACSS-MH observer-rated scale may be useful for obtaining CoC scores in several mental health populations. Minor modifications (e.g., to response options) are suggested that may improve scoring accuracy. Research is needed to further explore the relationship between CoC and ED use.
The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale in Critical Care Nurses: A Psychometric Analysis
Authors: Mealer Meredith , Schmiege Sarah J. , Meek Paula
Published: April 2016

Objective: (a) To investigate the factor structure of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) in critical care nurses, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and (b) to assess reliability and known group differences of the CD-RISC on critical care nurses. Methods: CD-RISC surveys were collected on 744 critical care nurses across the United States. An abridged version of the CD-RISC was used for the EFA and CFA. Further reliability and known group differences were also tested. Results: EFA identified 3 factors with eigenvalues >1.0 and an explained variance of 59%. The factors were labeled personal competence, perseverance, and leadership, and each factor had salient loadings. The 3-factor CFA provided good fit to the data, χ2 = 243.1, p < .001; RMSEA = .062; CFI = .935, although correlations among the 3 factors were high (.78–.86). A 1-factor model was subsequently tested but did not produce a better fit, and model comparison analyses supported retention of the 3-factor model. Known group differences was supported as intensive care unit (ICU) nurses with a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had significantly lower total resilience scores (M = 75.43) compared to those without a diagnosis of PTSD (M = 83.21; t = 5.01; p < .001). Discussion: The current investigation found that the 3-factor structure provided the best fit for the data on the abridged version of the CD-RISC in a population of ICU nurses. Analyses also supported the reliability and known group differences of the 16-item measure. Further research is needed to examine trait and capacity features of resilience as it relates to this population.
O reencantamento científico do mundo e suas direções
Authors: Mocellim Alan Delazeri
Published: April 2016

Max Weber compreendeu o desencantamento científico do mundo como um processo que se desenvolveu através da ciência empírica e experimental, e que teve como consequência a redução da natureza a um mecanismo causal desprovido de valor. Apesar do diagnóstico weberiano de um desencantamento do mundo, cada vez mais nos deparamos com discursos e teorias que reforçam a possibilidade de um reencantamento do mundo. De um lado, os defensores da hipótese do reencantamento do mundo defendem que esse estaria acontecendo por meio da religião, enquanto outros argumentam que a ciência que possibilitaria um reencantamento. Nos ateremos ao problema do reencantamento científico do mundo, apresentando as principais posições nesse debate e diferenciando enfoques conforme sua compreensão do que seria um desencantamento ou reencantamento do mundo.
Neoliberalismo e pós-neoliberalismo na américa latina: contribuições de Alberto Acosta a partir equador
Authors: De Barros Flavia Lessa
Published: April 2016

Apresenta-se uma revisãodas abordagensde Acosta sobre o neoliberalismo e o pós-neoliberalismo no Equador ena América Latina. Acosta contribui para o debate sobre o extrativismo na expansão do capitalismo mundialesob o neoliberalismo. Observa-se como as estruturas e as dinâmicas da arquitetura financeira internacional são centrais na operacionalização do capitalismo neoliberal e mantêm o extrativismo estratégico na reprodução da geopolítica Norte-Sul. Enfoca-se a análise de Acosta sobre a experiência do Equador, as ambiguidades, os limites e os desafios para mudanças estruturais que viabilizem a ruptura e a superação do neoliberalismo e do extrativismo.Identificam-se as principais tendências do pós-neoliberalismo e duas alternativas concebidas por Acostapara um paradigma contra-hegemônico e antisistêmico: a reforma da arquitetura financeira internacional e o BuenVivir.
Dancing from the Inside Out: Lessons in the Body as Text
Authors: Young Pamela
Published: April 2016

Teachers who have been literally “born and raised” into the tradition of print-based literacy teaching may experience difficulty with conceptualizing and implementing multiple literacies and multiple texts into their classrooms. In this article, the author enrolls in a jazz dance class to gain “inside out” experience with dance as literacy and the body as text, and considers how dance can broaden the world of the literacy classroom.
Investigating Preservice Teachers’ Understandings of Critical Media Literacy
Authors: Robertson Lorayne , Hughes Janette M.
Published: April 2016

This paper examines preservice teachers’ understandings of critical media literacy as they designed critical media literacy lessons in an initial teacher education language and literacy course for K-6 teachers. The teachers reflected on their initial understandings about social justice, designed several pre-tasks, designed and taught critical media literacy lessons, and then reflected on teaching critical media literacy to elementary school students.  The results of this two-year study indicate that while the preservice teachers seemed willing to address social justice issues and they used digital literacies in interesting and engaging ways, some of them faced challenges articulating and focusing their own understandings in media literacy lessons.
Finding Wisdom in Practice: The Genesis of the Salty Chip, A Canadian Multiliteracies Collaborative
Authors: Hibbert Kathy
Published: April 2016

Using a narrative approach of ‘scenario building’, this paper documents the author’s quest to find her own wisdom in her professional practice and considers that quest in light of recent theorizing in the area of New Literacies research.  Through the telling of four critical incidents and a subsequent analysis drawing on theories of cultural studies, critical literacy, critical pedagogy and critical disabilities studies, the author explores the process that led to the development of the Salty Chip: A Canadian Multiliteracies Collaborative. The network challenges outdated institutional frameworks that privilege developmentalism and practices rooted in intellectual measurement and standardization, and considers how new forms of participation that include digital spaces mediate our evolving subjectivities and cultural practices.
The Development of Exemplary Teaching Practices in Reading Instruction among Five Francophone Teachers
Authors: Turcotte Catherine
Published: April 2016

Effective reading instruction is considered one the best means of preventing school failure. This study examines how effective teaching practices of reading are formed among five exemplary elementary school teachers. By using a life history protocol informed by phenomenology, these teachers describe their past and present experiences as readers and teachers, and then explain the meaning they make out of these experiences. Individual and comparative analysis reveal that, although these teachers exhibit different experiences and teaching strategies, they share many personal and contextual experiences, such as reading models and engagement, reflection on practice and the importance of sharing experiences.
A Nested Model of Academic Writing Approaches: Chinese International Graduate Students’ Views of English Academic Writing
Authors: Zhang Zheng
Published: April 2016

Adopting Lea and Street’s (1998) three models of academic writing (i.e., the study skills, academic socialization, and academic literacies), this qualitative study explored 10 Chinese international graduate (CIG) students’ perceptions of differing literacy practices in a different academic milieu and in various disciplines at a Canadian university. The findings reveal how different epistemologies in different cultures and disciplines have impacted these CIG students’ English academic writing. This paper acknowledges the limitations of the exclusive use of skills study and academic socialisation orientations in writing support for international students. It recommends a nested model of writing support, which is more inclusive and transformative in nature.
Moving Forward: The Inclusion of Characters with Down Syndrome in Children’s Picture Books
Authors: Kalke-Klita Tracey
Published: April 2016

This article analyzes fifteen children’s picture books published over the past twenty-five years that include a character with Down syndrome (DS). From the perspective of both an educator and a parent of a child with DS, this article focuses on the changes in these picture books over time, the common threads connecting these books, an evaluation of these titles, and suggestions for use in the educational setting. In addition, an annotated bibliography is provided.
Scaffolding Student Writing
Authors: Price Elaine A. , Harkins Mary Jane
Published: April 2016

Improvement of student writing continues to be a focus for teachers.  An effective approach to scaffolding student writing is through the utilization of researched-based tools and strategies.  This study examined the effectiveness of teacher-prepared criteria/information handouts to the use of a teacher-adapted graphic organizer for improvement of student book-response writing.  Through a student-completed survey generalization, or environmental change, was also investigated.  Evidence supports generalization, and findings indicate significant increases within student book-response writing for the number of areas included for analysis, number of points made, and number of supporting points.  Implications for students, teachers, and future research are considered.
EFL Textbook Analysis: A Case Study
Authors: Mohd Sidek Harison
Published: April 2016

The purpose of the present study was to determine how well Malaysian EFL Secondary Curriculum prepares upper secondary students for tertiary reading in English. This study is explorative in nature. The data for this study were acquired from a Malaysian national EFL upper secondary textbook. The data were in the form of comprehension reading passages in the selected EFL textbook. In this case study, reading instructional design in the EFL textbook was analyzed in terms of types and the grade-level length of passages used in the textbook. The findings show that reading instructional design in the EFL textbook significantly emphasizes the use of narrative passages with the majority of the passages being below grade-level texts.
Investigating Adolescent Critical Literacy Engagement
Authors: Bonsor Kurki Sarah Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

In this paper the author considers adolescents’ important texts and how they are adopting a critical literacy approach towards them. Qualitative data are presented that demonstrate how critically minded these adolescents are when engaging with texts. The author suggests approaches teachers can take to enhance the relationship between literacy curriculum and teenagers’ text-based interests. A tool for evaluating adolescents’ approach to texts is presented to assist teachers so they can move their students beyond evaluative thinking into a transformative position. This article concludes with suggestions for how teachers can develop their own critical literacy approach to texts and curriculum.
Community Literacy: Commodifying Children's Spaces
Authors: Wason-Ellam Linda , Ward Angela , Fey Cynthia , King Anna-Leah , Gilchrist Brenda , Townsend Lynne
Published: April 2016

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