bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Quality Analysis of the Last Decade's Most Heavily Cited Data Relative to Outcomes After Penile Prosthesis Placement
Authors: Chouhan Jyoti D. , Pearlman Amy M. , Kovell Robert C. , Terlecki Ryan P.
Published: April 2020

Background

The penile prosthesis has been used for men with erectile dysfunction for nearly 5 decades. Although many articles examine various outcome measures, wide variability exists in the quality of these studies.

Aim

We sought to critically evaluate the most referenced literature related to penile prosthesis outcomes over the last 10 years.

Methods

A PubMed search of the indexed English literature was performed using the search terms “prospective,” “penile prosthesis,” and “outcomes”, and all relevant publications from 2009 to 2019 were reviewed. In addition, we performed a Google Scholar search for the same interval using the search term “penile prosthesis outcomes” to evaluate manuscripts which have been most commonly cited. The most heavily cited manuscripts were sorted for relevancy using Google's internal algorithm, and then, the articles were reviewed by the authorship team for appropriateness of the subject matter. Articles with less than 10 citations were excluded. We used the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine Criteria as part of our evaluation of the published data involving independent research, as opposed to review articles summarizing previously published findings.

Results

We evaluated the most-cited literature of the past decade relevant to penile prosthesis outcomes and reported the major findings in regards to infection, erosion, extrusion, device reliability, and satisfaction (both the patient and partner). The majority of these studies are retrospective in nature.

Clinical Implications

From our review of the most commonly cited studies, there was no high-level evidence published in this area within the last 10 years. There are multiple barriers to producing these types of studies in the evaluation of penile prosthesis outcomes.

Strengths & Limitations

Using the most commonly cited articles allows us to understand the data that are being cited in other new publications. Focusing on the most cited articles on penile prosthesis outcomes in the last 10 years is a limitation as there have been many more studies published in this area.

Conclusion

While many studies have examined penile prosthesis outcomes, most of the heavily cited literature consists of low-level evidence. Higher quality research is necessary to better assess penile prosthesis outcomes.
Treatment Optimization in Multiple Sclerosis: Canadian MS Working Group Recommendations
Authors: Freedman Mark S. , Devonshire Virginia , Duquette Pierre , Giacomini Paul S. , Giuliani Fabrizio , Levin Michael C. , Montalban Xavier , Morrow Sarah A. , Oh Jiwon , Rotstein Dalia , Yeh E. Ann
Published: April 2020

The Canadian Multiple Sclerosis Working Group has updated its treatment optimization recommendations (TORs) on the optimal use of disease-modifying therapies for patients with all forms of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recommendations provide guidance on initiating effective treatment early in the course of disease, monitoring response to therapy, and modifying or switching therapies to optimize disease control. The current TORs also address the treatment of pediatric MS, progressive MS and the identification and treatment of aggressive forms of the disease. Newer therapies offer improved efficacy, but also have potential safety concerns that must be adequately balanced, notably when treatment sequencing is considered. There are added discussions regarding the management of pregnancy, the future potential of biomarkers and consideration as to when it may be prudent to stop therapy. These TORs are meant to be used and interpreted by all neurologists with a special interest in the management of MS.
Mobile home residence as a risk factor for adverse events among children in a mixed rural–urban community: A case for geospatial analysis
Authors: Patel Archna A. , Wheeler Philip H. , Wi Chung-Il , Derauf Chris , Ryu Euijung , Zahrieh David , Bjur Kara A. , Juhn Young J.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Given the significant health effects, we assessed geospatial patterns of adverse events (AEs), defined as physical or sexual abuse and accidents or poisonings at home, among children in a mixed rural–urban community.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based cohort study of children (<18 years) living in Olmsted County, Minnesota, to assess geographic patterns of AEs between April 2004 and March 2009 using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. We identified hotspots by calculating the relative difference between observed and expected case densities accounting for population characteristics ($$Relative\;Difference = {\rm{ }}{{Observed\;Case\;Density - Expected\;Case\;Density} \over {Expected\;Case\;Density}}$$; hotspot ≥ 0.33) using kernel density methods. A Bayesian geospatial logistic regression model was used to test for association of subject characteristics (including residential features) with AEs, adjusting for age, sex, and socioeconomic status (SES).

Results:

Of the 30,227 eligible children (<18 years), 974 (3.2%) experienced at least one AE. Of the nine total hotspots identified, five were mobile home communities (MHCs). Among non-Hispanic White children (85% of total children), those living in MHCs had higher AE prevalence compared to those outside MHCs, independent of SES (mean posterior odds ratio: 1.80; 95% credible interval: 1.22–2.54). MHC residency in minority children was not associated with higher prevalence of AEs. Of addresses requiring manual correction, 85.5% belonged to mobile homes.

Conclusions:

MHC residence is a significant unrecognized risk factor for AEs among non-Hispanic, White children in a mixed rural–urban community. Given plausible outreach difficulty due to address discrepancies, MHC residents might be a geographically underserved population for clinical care and research.
THE DE BRUIJN–NEWMAN CONSTANT IS NON-NEGATIVE
Authors: RODGERS BRAD , TAO TERENCE
Published: April 2020

For each$t\in \mathbb{R}$, we define the entire function$$\begin{eqnarray}H_{t}(z):=\int _{0}^{\infty }e^{tu^{2}}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(u)\cos (zu)\,du,\end{eqnarray}$$where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$is the super-exponentially decaying function$$\begin{eqnarray}\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}(u):=\mathop{\sum }_{n=1}^{\infty }(2\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}^{2}n^{4}e^{9u}-3\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}n^{2}e^{5u})\exp (-\unicode[STIX]{x1D70B}n^{2}e^{4u}).\end{eqnarray}$$Newman showed that there exists a finite constant$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$(thede Bruijn–Newman constant) such that the zeros of$H_{t}$are all real precisely when$t\geqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}$. The Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the assertion$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\leqslant 0$, and Newman conjectured the complementary bound$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}\geqslant 0$. In this paper, we establish Newman’s conjecture. The argument proceeds by assuming for contradiction that$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}<0$and then analyzing the dynamics of zeros of$H_{t}$(building on the work of Csordas, Smith and Varga) to obtain increasingly strong control on the zeros of$H_{t}$in the range$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6EC}<t\leqslant 0$, until one establishes that the zeros of$H_{0}$are in local equilibrium, in the sense that they locally behave (on average) as if they were equally spaced in an arithmetic progression, with gaps staying close to the global average gap size. But this latter claim is inconsistent with the known results about the local distribution of zeros of the Riemann zeta function, such as the pair correlation estimates of Montgomery.
Annual Variation in Atmospheric 14C Between 1700 BC and 1480 BC
Authors: Pearson Charlotte , Wacker Lukas , Bayliss Alex , Brown David , Salzer Matthew , Brewer Peter , Bollhalder Silvia , Boswijk Gretel , Hodgins Gregory
Published: April 2020

In 2018 Pearson et al. published a new sequence of annual radiocarbon (14C) data derived from oak (Quercus sp.) trees from Northern Ireland and bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) from North America across the period 1700–1500 BC. The study indicated that the more highly resolved shape of an annually based calibration dataset could improve the accuracy of 14C calibration during this period. This finding had implications for the controversial dating of the eruption of Thera in the Eastern Mediterranean. To test for interlaboratory variation and improve the robustness of the annual dataset for calibration purposes, we have generated a replicate sequence from the same Irish oaks at ETH Zürich. These data are compatible with the Irish oak 14C dataset previously produced at the University of Arizona and are used (along with additional data) to examine inter-tree and interlaboratory variation in multiyear annual 14C time-series. The results raise questions about regional 14C offsets at different scales and demonstrate the potential of annually resolved 14C for refining subdecadal and larger scale features for calibration, solar reconstruction, and multiproxy synchronization.
Longitudinal associations between dietary quality and Alzheimer’s disease genetic risk on cognitive performance among African American adults
Authors: Hossain Sharmin , Beydoun May A. , Weiss Jordan , Kuczmarski Marie F. , Evans Michele K. , Zonderman Alan B.
Published: April 2020

Poor diet quality (DQ) is associated with poor cognition and increased neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We are interested in the role of DQ on cognitive functioning (by sex and increasing genetic risk for AD), in a sample of African American (AA) middle-aged adults. We analysed a sub-group of participants (about 55 % women; mean follow-up time of about 4·7 years) from the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study with a genetic risk score for AD (hAlzScore). The Healthy Eating Index-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension and the mean adequacy ratio computed at baseline (2004–2009) and follow-up visits (2009–2013) were used to assess initial DQ and change over time. Linear mixed-effects regression models were utilised, adjusting for select covariates, selection bias and multiple testing. DQ change (ΔDQ) was associated with California Verbal Learning Test-List A – overall (0·15 (se 0·06), P = 0·008) and in women (0·21 (se 0·08), P = 0·006), at highest AD risk, indicating protective effects over time. Greater AD risk was longitudinally associated with poorer Clock Command Test scores in men. Poor DQ was positively and cross-sectionally associated with Trails B scores, but in women only. Better-quality diet was associated with a slower decline in verbal memory among AA women, with greater AD risk. Insufficient clinical evidence and/or mixed findings dictate that more studies are needed to investigate brain morphology and volume changes in relation to DQ in an at-risk population for AD, over time.
Analysing the seasonality of births in mainland China
Authors: Yang Yuxiang
Published: April 2020

The seasonality of human births varies in different countries and regions. Explanations for this variation have been divided into biological and behavioural factors. This paper documents birth seasonality in mainland China using data for a large sample from Chinaʼs Fifth National Population Census (FNPC) conducted in 2000. The main method used was the decomposition of monthly time series birth data into annual, seasonal and random trends. The results show large seasonal birth fluctuations, with a salient peak of October births. The study hypothesis is that this seasonal birth pattern is partially due to a home-bound wave of movement of people after the annual Spring Festival. Subsequent analysis of the calculated de-trended monthly births provided supportive evidence for this hypothesis. Further in-depth analysis showed that the magnitude of births varied with location and family characteristics. This result should inform researchers in the field of economics, where seasonality of births has been previously regarded as exogenous.
Filarial worms: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diversity in animals from Iran with emphasis on human cases
Authors: Ghasemi Ezatollah , Shamsinia Sadegh , Taghipour Ali , Anvari Davood , Bahadory Saeed , Shariatzadeh Seyyed Ali , Kordi Bahareh , Majidiani Hamidreza , Borji Hassan , Chaechi Nosrati MohammadReza , Yousefi Ali , Shams Morteza
Published: April 2020

Current systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate the prevalence reports of filariasis in animals in Iran along with human cases. Studies were screened, relevant papers were selected and the random-effect model was used by forest plot with 95% confidence interval (CI). Of 17 records of human case-reports, particularly from Khuzestan province (5 cases),Dirofilaria repenswas the most detected parasite (10 cases) with higher involvement of the right eye (7 cases) than other organs. Eleven animal species were reported to be parasitised by filarioids in Iran. The prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisin canids was 14.69% (95% CI: 10.33–19.67), with highest rates (20.92%; 95% CI: 13.84–29.03) in free-ranging dogs. Male (10.07%; 95% CI: 5.10–16.47) and more than 1-year old (20.77%; 95% CI: 8.66–36.42) dogs were more likely to be found infected. The frequency of other filarioids of zoonotic interest was:Acanthocheilonema reconditumin dogs 2.15% (95% CI: 0.71–4.33),Dipetalonema evansiin camels 10.16% (95% CI: 4.73–17.34),Onchocerca cervicalisin horses 3.63% (95% CI: 1.44–6.75%) andOnchocerca fasciata16.57% (95% CI: 10.12–24.24%) in camels. Still, our knowledge on parasitic filariae in Iran is limited and more investigation is needed in both human and animal populations.
Determination of shared genetic etiology and possible causal relations between tobacco smoking and depression
Authors: Yao Yinghao , Xu Yi , Cai Zhen , Liu Qiang , Ma Yunlong , Li Andria N. , Payne Thomas J. , Li Ming D.
Published: April 2020

Backgrounds

Cigarette smoking is strongly associated with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, any genetic etiology of such comorbidity and causal relations is poorly understood, especially at the genome-wide level.

Methods

In the present in silico research, we analyzed summary data from the genome-wide association study of the Psychiatric Genetic Consortium for MDD (n = 191 005) and UK Biobank for smoking (n = 337 030) by using various biostatistical methods including Bayesian colocalization analysis, LD score regression, variant effect size correlation analysis, and Mendelian randomization (MR).

Results

By adopting a gene prioritization approach, we identified 43 genes shared by MDD and smoking, which were significantly enriched in membrane potential, gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor activity, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathways, indicating that the comorbid mechanisms are involved in the neurotransmitter system. According to linkage disequilibrium score regression, we found a strong positive correlation between MDD and current smoking (rg = 0.365; p = 7.23 × 10−25) and a negative correlation between MDD and former smoking (rg = −0.298; p = 1.59 × 10−24). MR analysis suggested that genetic liability for depression increased smoking.

Conclusions

These findings inform the concomitant conditions of MDD and smoking and support the use of self-medication with smoking to counteract depression.
Delay discounting in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis and adults with schizophrenia
Authors: Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Chapman Hannah C. , Raugh Ian M. , Strauss Gregory P.
Published: April 2020

Background

Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and highly predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms in the CHR population are unclear. Two studies were conducted to evaluate whether abnormalities in a reward processing mechanism thought to be core to negative symptoms in SZ, value representation, also exist in CHR individuals and whether they are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.

Methods

Study 1 included 33 individuals in the chronic phase of illness who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (SZ) and 40 healthy controls (CN). Study 2 included 37 CHR participants and 45 CN. In both studies, participants completed the delay discounting (DD) task as a measure of value representation and the Brief Negative Symptom Scale was rated to measure negative symptoms.

Results

Results indicated that patients with SZ had steeper discounting rates than CN, indicating impairments in value representation. However, CHR participants were unimpaired on the DD task. In both studies, steeper discounting was associated with greater severity of negative symptoms.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that deficits in value representation are associated with negative symptoms transphasically.
Urbanization and emerging mental health issues
Authors: Ventriglio Antonio , Torales Julio , Castaldelli-Maia João M. , De Berardis Domenico , Bhugra Dinesh
Published: April 2020

Rapid urbanization worldwide is associated to an increase of population in the urban settings and this is leading to new emerging mental health issues. This narrative mini-review is based on a literature search conducted through PubMed and EMBASE. A total of 113 articles published on the issue of urban mental health have been selected, cited, reviewed, and summarized. There are emerging evidences about the association between urbanization and mental health issues. Urbanization affects mental health throughsocial, economic, andenvironmentalfactors. It has been shown that common mental syndromes report higher prevalence in the cities. Social disparities, social insecurity, pollution, and the lack of contact with nature are some of recognized factors affecting urban mental health. Further reserach studies and specific guidelines should be encouraged to help policy makers and urban designers to improve mental health and mental health care facilities in the cities; additional strategies to prevent and reduce mental illness in the urban settings should be also adopted globally.
Rice performance following exposure to a sublethal concentration of paraquat applied alone or in mixture with common residual herbicides
Authors: Lawrence Benjamin H. , Bond Jason A. , Golden Bobby R. , Allen Thomas W. , Reynolds Daniel B. , Bararpour Taghi
Published: April 2020

In glyphosate-resistant (GR) cropping systems, paraquat applied in mixtures with residual herbicides prior to crop emergence offers an alternative herbicide mode of action (MOA) to aid in GR weed management. Rice is sensitive to off-target herbicide movement; however, severity of injury can vary with herbicide, rate, and formulation. Therefore, research was conducted from 2015 to 2017 in Stoneville, MS, to characterize rice response to a sublethal concentration of paraquat applied at 84 g ai ha–1 in combination with common residual herbicides. Paraquat plus metribuzin injured rice 68% to 69% 14 and 28 d after treatment (DAT), which was 10% to 13% greater than injury following paraquat alone or paraquat plus fomesafen. Pooled across metribuzin and fomesafen treatments, paraquat reduced rough rice yields 23%. Paraquat plus 10 different residual herbicides injured rice ≥51% 28 DAT and reduced rough rice yields ≥21%. These studies indicate a severe negative impact on rice growth and development following exposure to a sublethal concentration of paraquat alone or in mixture with common residual herbicides. Therefore, applications of paraquat plus residual herbicides to fields in proximity to rice should be avoided if conditions are conducive for off-target movement.
Modeling Spatiotemporal Patterns of Ecosystem Metabolism and Organic Carbon Dynamics Affecting Hypoxia on the Louisiana Continental Shelf
Authors: Jarvis Brandon M. , Lehrter John C. , Lowe Lisa L. , Hagy James D. , Wan Yongshan , Murrell Michael C. , Ko Dong S. , Penta Bradley , Gould Richard W.
Published: April 2020

The hypoxic zone on the Louisiana Continental Shelf (LCS) forms each summer due to nutrient‐enhanced primary production and seasonal stratification associated with freshwater discharges from the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Basin (MARB). Recent field studies have identified highly productive shallow nearshore waters as an important component of shelf‐wide carbon production contributing to hypoxia formation. This study applied a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic‐biogeochemical model named CGEM (Coastal Generalized Ecosystem Model) to quantify the spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia, carbon production, respiration, and transport between nearshore and middle shelf regions where hypoxia is most prevalent. We first demonstrate that our simulations reproduced spatial and temporal patterns of carbon production, respiration, and bottom‐water oxygen gradients compared to field observations. We used multiyear simulations to quantify transport of particulate organic carbon (POC) from nearshore areas where riverine organic matter and phytoplankton carbon production are greatest. The spatial displacement of carbon production and respiration in our simulations was created by westward and offshore POC flux via phytoplankton carbon flux in the surface layer and POC flux in the bottom layer, supporting heterotrophic respiration on the middle shelf where hypoxia is frequently observed. These results support existing studies suggesting the importance of offshore carbon flux to hypoxia formation, particularly on the west shelf where hypoxic conditions are most variable.
TEC Map Completion Using DCGAN and Poisson Blending
Authors: Pan Yang , Jin Mingwu , Zhang Shunrong , Deng Yue
Published: April 2020

Because of the limited coverage of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, total electron content (TEC) maps are not complete. The processing to obtain complete TEC maps is time consuming and needs the collaboration of five international GNSS service (IGS) centers to consolidate final completed IGS TEC maps. The advance of deep learning offers powerful tools to perform certain tasks in data science, such as image completion (or inpainting). Among them, deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) is capable of learning the properties of the objects and recovering missing data effectively. With years of IGS TEC maps for training, the combination of DCGAN and Poisson blending (DCGAN‐PB) is able to effectively learn the completion process of IGS TEC maps. Both random and more realistic masks are used to test the performance of DCGAN‐PB. The results with random masks (15–40% missing data) show that DCGAN‐PB can achieve better TEC map completion than DCGAN alone, and more training data can significantly improve its generalization. For the cross‐validation experiment using the realistic mask from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)‐TEC data (~52% missing data), DCGAN‐PB achieves the average root mean squared error about three absolute TEC units (TECu) for high solar activity years and less than two TECu for low solar activity years, which is about 50% reduction of means and more than 50% reduction on standard deviations compared to two conventional single‐image inpainting methods. The DCGAN‐PB model can lead to an efficient automatic completion tool for TEC maps by minimizing the manual work.
Impacts of Bridge Piers on Scour at Downstream River Training Structures: Submerged Weir as an Example
Authors: Wang Lu , Melville Bruce W. , Shamseldin Asaad Y. , Nie Ruihua
Published: April 2020

River training structures are conventionally used to improve river stability and ecological conditions and to protect the upstream instream infrastructures from scour and erosion. A submerged weir is a typical river training structure usually built downstream of bridges for grade control. Flow over the weir can cause local scour, destabilizing both the structure and the trained river reach. It is therefore important for safe design to estimate the scour accurately and understand the effects of an upstream bridge pier on local scour at submerged weirs. This study describes experiments on the scour process at a submerged weir with an upstream bridge pier, varying the distance L between the two. In this study, 56 experiments were conducted using uniform coarse sand with a median grain size d50 = 0.85 mm in a sediment‐recirculating flume. For clear‐water scour, the experiments showed that the bedform induced by the pier scour process creates a scour‐and‐fill process upstream of the submerged weir; and the upstream pier can also affect the scour downstream of the submerged weir, through two mechanisms: (i) upstream sediment replenishment and (ii) flow section constriction. The mechanisms (i) and (ii) can reduce and increase the downstream clear‐water scour depth at the submerged weir, respectively. For live‐bed scour, a pier upstream can reduce and increase the scour depth upstream and downstream of the submerged weir, respectively. Based on the experimental data, the dependence of the scour depth at the submerged weir on L is evaluated.
A Neural Network‐Based Model for Daytime Vertical E×B Drift in the Indian Sector
Authors: Chaitanya P. Pavan , Patra A. K.
Published: April 2020

Observations of ionospheric vertical E×B drift are limited in the Indian sector. In this paper, we present an artificial neural network‐based model for inferring ionospheric daytime vertical E×B drift using ground‐based magnetometer and radar observations in the Indian sector. We have used E×B drift estimated using 150‐km echoes observed by the Gadanki mesosphere‐stratosphere‐troposphere radar and the difference in ground magnetic fields (ΔH) observed from Tirunelveli (magnetic latitude 0.4°N) and Alibag (magnetic latitude 13.0°N), providing a measure of electrojet current. We have used a feed forward neural network with error back propagation to train the network and estimated E×B drifts for the period 2006–2011. The model successfully reproduces the radar‐observed vertical E×B drifts. The model E×B drifts are also found to agree exceedingly well with those measured using the CINDI onboard the C/NOFS. The model seasonal mean drifts are found to differ considerably from those of Scherliess‐Fejer model. The neural network‐based model presented here is first of its kind from the Indian sector, presenting local time, day‐to‐day, and seasonal variations of daytime equatorial F region E×B drifts during magnetically quiet conditions. Results and the potential of the model for studying equatorial electrodynamics in the Indian sector are presented.
Diversity and evolution of surface polysaccharide synthesis loci in Enterobacteriales
Authors: Holt Kathryn E , Lassalle Florent , Wyres Kelly L , Wick Ryan , Mostowy Rafał J
Published: April 2020

Bacterial capsules and lipopolysaccharides are diverse surface polysaccharides (SPs) that serve as the frontline for interactions with the outside world. While SPs can evolve rapidly, their diversity and evolutionary dynamics across different taxonomic scales has not been investigated in detail. Here, we focused on the bacterial order Enterobacteriales (including the medically relevant Enterobacteriaceae), to carry out comparative genomics of two SP locus synthesis regions, cps and kps, using 27,334 genomes from 45 genera. We identified high-quality cps loci in 22 genera and kps in 11 genera, around 4% of which were detected in multiple species. We found SP loci to be highly dynamic genetic entities: their evolution was driven by high rates of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), both of whole loci and component genes, and relaxed purifying selection, yielding large repertoires of SP diversity. In spite of that, we found the presence of (near-)identical locus structures in distant taxonomic backgrounds that could not be explained by recent exchange, pointing to long-term selective preservation of locus structures in some populations. Our results reveal differences in evolutionary dynamics driving SP diversity within different bacterial species, with lineages of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter hormaechei and Klebsiella aerogenes most likely to share SP loci via recent exchange; and lineages of Salmonella enterica, Cronobacter sakazakii and Serratia marcescens most likely to share SP loci via other mechanisms such as long-term preservation. Overall, the evolution of SP loci in Enterobacteriales is driven by a range of evolutionary forces and their dynamics and relative importance varies between different species.
mPGES-1/PGE2 promotes the growth of T-ALL cells in vitro and in vivo by regulating the expression of MTDH via the EP3/cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway
Authors: Li Yiqing , Chen Jiaoting , Yang Wenjuan , Liu Hongyun , Wang Jieyu , Xiao Jie , Xie Shuangfeng , Ma Liping , Nie Danian
Published: April 2020

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive haematological malignancy that is characterized by a high frequency of induction failure and by early relapse. Many studies have revealed that metadherin (MTDH) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant solid tumours and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of tumours. However, the relationship between the expression of MTDH and T-ALL has not yet been reported, and the regulatory factors of MTDH are still unknown. Our previous studies found that mPGES-1/PGE2 was important for promoting the growth of leukaemia cells. In the present study, we found that MTDH was highly expressed in primary T-ALL cells and in the Jurkat cell line. Our results showed that mPGES-1/PGE2 regulates the expression of MTDH through the EP3/cAMP/PKA-CREB pathway in T-ALL cells. Downregulation of MTDH inhibits the growth of Jurkat cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that MTDH could be a potential target for the treatment of T-ALL.
A behavioral approach to instability pathways in financial markets
Authors: Spelta Alessandro , Flori Andrea , Pecora Nicolò , Buldyrev Sergey , Pammolli Fabio
Published: April 2020

We introduce an indicator that aims to detect the emergence of market instabilities by quantifying the intensity of self-organizing processes arising from stock returns’ co-movements. In financial markets, phenomena like imitation, herding and positive feedbacks characterize the emergence of endogenous instabilities, which can modify the qualitative and quantitative behavior of the underlying system. The impossibility to formalize ex-ante the dynamic laws that rule the evolution of financial systems motivates the use of a parsimonious synthetic indicator to detect the disruption of an existing equilibrium configuration. Here we show that the emergence of an interconnected sub-graph of stock returns co-movements from a broader market index is a signal of an out-of-equilibrium transition of the underlying system. To test the validity of our approach, we propose a model-free application that builds on the identification of up and down market phases.
Antiferromagnetic textures in BiFeO3 controlled by strain and electric field
Authors: Haykal A. , Fischer J. , Akhtar W. , Chauleau J.-Y. , Sando D. , Finco A. , Godel F. , Birkhölzer Y. A. , Carrétéro C. , Jaouen N. , Bibes M. , Viret M. , Fusil S. , Jacques V. , Garcia V.
Published: April 2020

Antiferromagnetic thin films are currently generating considerable excitement for low dissipation magnonics and spintronics. However, while tuneable antiferromagnetic textures form the backbone of functional devices, they are virtually unknown at the submicron scale. Here we image a wide variety of antiferromagnetic spin textures in multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films that can be tuned by strain and manipulated by electric fields through room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling. Using piezoresponse force microscopy and scanning NV magnetometry in self-organized ferroelectric patterns of BiFeO3, we reveal how strain stabilizes different types of non-collinear antiferromagnetic states (bulk-like and exotic spin cycloids) as well as collinear antiferromagnetic textures. Beyond these local-scale observations, resonant elastic X-ray scattering confirms the existence of both types of spin cycloids. Finally, we show that electric-field control of the ferroelectric landscape induces transitions either between collinear and non-collinear states or between different cycloids, offering perspectives for the design of reconfigurable antiferromagnetic spin textures on demand.
The quest for new physics with the Physics Beyond Colliders programme
Authors: Jaeckel Joerg , Lamont Mike , Vallée Claude
Published: April 2020

In recent years, interest in complementary methods to high-energy-frontier colliders to investigate the physics of elementary particles and forces has grown. This development is driven by the so-far negative results of searches for new particles with high masses at the Large Hadron Collider, and by theoretical attempts to account for neutrino masses and to solve cosmological puzzles such as dark matter, dark energy and the matter–antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. Traditionally, CERN has hosted a wealth of accelerator and non-accelerator projects below the high-energy frontier, in which more than a thousand physicists are currently involved. The Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) study was launched three years ago to explore the future of this field. Here we give an overview of the various PBC proposals, ranging from explorations of the dark sector to precision measurements of strongly interacting processes. The methodology employed to compare the reach of those projects — based on a set of common benchmark models — has raised interest in the collider, neutrino and non-accelerator communities and may provide a comprehensive overview of how the parameter range for physics beyond the Standard Model should be explored in the worldwide context.
Lasting signature of planting year weather on restored grasslands
Authors: Groves Anna M. , Bauer Jonathan T. , Brudvig Lars A.
Published: April 2020

Ecological restoration — the rebuilding of damaged or destroyed ecosystems — is a critical component of conservation efforts, but is hindered by inconsistent, unpredictable outcomes. We investigated a source of this variation that is anecdotally suggested by practitioners, but for which empirical evidence is rare: the weather conditions during the first growing season after planting. The idea of whether natural communities face long-term consequences from conditions even many years in the past, called historical contingency, is a debated idea in ecological research. Using a large dataset (83 sites) across a wide geographic distribution (three states), we find evidence that precipitation and temperatures in the planting year (2–19 years before present) affected the relative dominance of the sown (native target species) and non-sown (mostly non-native) species. We find strong support for lasting planting year weather effects in restored tallgrass prairies, thereby supporting the historically contingent model of community assembly in a real-world setting.
Author Correction: Domestication process modifies digestion ability in larvae of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis), a freshwater Teleostei
Authors: Palińska-Żarska Katarzyna , Woźny Maciej , Kamaszewski Maciej , Szudrowicz Hubert , Brzuzan Paweł , Żarski Daniel
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The cutaneous microbiome in hospitalized patients with pressure ulcers
Authors: de Wert Luuk A. , Rensen Sander S. , Soons Zita , Poeze Martijn , Bouvy Nicole D. , Penders John
Published: April 2020

This study investigated whether there are differences in the composition of the cutaneous microbiome of the unaffected skin between patients with pressure ulcers compared with those without pressure ulcers. The cutaneous microbiome of the unaffected skin of 15 patients with sacral pressure ulcers compared to 15 patients without pressure ulcers was analysed. It demonstrated that the inter-individual variation in skin microbiota of patients with pressure ulcers was significantly higher (P = 0.01). The abundance of 23 species was significantly different with Staphylococcus aureus and unclassified Enterococcus the most abundant species in patients with pressure ulcers. Random Forest models showed that eight species were associated with pressure ulcers occurrence in 81% of the patients. A subset of four species gave the strongest interaction. The presence of unclassified Enterococcus had the highest association with pressure ulcer occurrence. This study is the first to demonstrate that the cutaneous microbiome is altered in patients with pressure ulcers.
Approaching high-performance of ordered structure Sb2Te3 film via unique angular intraplanar grain boundaries
Authors: Tan Ming , Hao Liyu , Li Hui , Li Cong , Liu Xiaobiao , Yan Dali , Yang Tie , Deng Yuan
Published: April 2020

In this paper, we present an innovative electric-field-assisted magnetron-sputtering deposition method for films preparation. By grain boundary-engineering, we successeful obtained the ordered Sb2Te3 film with greatly high figure of merit via controlling external electric field. It has been found that the electric field can induce the change in the angle of intraplanar grain boundaries between (0 1 5) and (0 1 5) planes, which leads to the enhanced holes mobility and maintained low thermal conductivity. The energy filtering takes place at the angular intraplanar grain boundaries. At room temperature, a high ZT value of 1.75 can be achieved in the deposited Sb2Te3 film under 30 V external electric field. This is a very promising approach that the electric field induced deposition can develop high-performance Sb2Te3-based thermoelectric films.
The clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes of endometrial carcinoma coexisting with or arising in adenomyosis: A pilot study
Authors: Chao Xiaopei , Wu Ming , Ma Shuiqing , Tan Xianjie , Zhong Sen , Bi Yalan , Wu Huanwen , Lang Jinghe , Li Lei
Published: April 2020

Little is known about the epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of endometrial endometrioid carcinoma (EEC) coexisting with or arising in adenomyosis (EEC-A or EEC-AIA) due to their rarity. This study compared EEC-A and EEC-AIA with endometrial carcinoma without adenomyosis. Cases of endometrial cancer treated at the study center from June 1, 2010, to June 1, 2017, were reviewed. The epidemiological, clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes were compared among three groups of endometrioid subtypes: group A, stage IA endometrial carcinoma patients without coexisting adenomyosis; group B, patients with EEC-A; and group C, patients with EEC-AIA. Among the 2080 patients reviewed, groups A, B, and C included 1043, 230 and 28 patients, respectively. Patients in group A and group B had similar clinicopathological and survival outcomes. Patients in group C were significantly younger and had less gravidity and parity than patients in groups A and B. More tumors from group C were grade 1, and they had a smaller maximum diameter and less mismatch repair deficiency than those from groups A and B. After a median follow-up of 57.0 months, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates of groups A, B and C were 96%, 91% and 100% (p = 0.045), respectively; the 5-year overall survival (OS) rates were 98%, 93% and 100%, respectively (p = 0.001), in the Kaplan-Meier analysis. However, these difference disappeared in a subgroup of stage IA patients in univariate and multivariate analysis. Cox regression analysis in stage IA patients also revealed no significant differences in survival outcome across the three groups. In conclusion, EEC-AIA exhibited specific clinicopathological characteristics that were probably associated with favorable survival outcomes. The characteristics and survival outcomes of EEC-A were similar to those of EEC without adenomyosis in stage IA patients.
Author Correction: RNA Transcription and Splicing Errors as a Source of Cancer Frameshift Neoantigens for Vaccines
Authors: Shen Luhui , Zhang Jian , Lee HoJoon , Batista Milene Tavares , Johnston Stephen Albert
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Massive analysis of 64,628 bacterial genomes to decipher water reservoir and origin of mobile colistin resistance genes: is there another role for these enzymes?
Authors: Khedher Mariem Ben , Baron Sophie Alexandra , Riziki Toilhata , Ruimy Raymond , Raoult Didier , Diene Seydina M. , Rolain Jean-Marc
Published: April 2020

Since 2015, new worrying colistin resistance mechanism, mediated by mcr-1 gene has been reported worldwide along with eight newly described variants but their source(s) and reservoir(s) remain largely unexplored. Here, we conducted a massive bioinformatic analysis of bacterial genomes to investigate the reservoir and origin of mcr variants. We identified 13’658 MCR-1 homologous sequences in 494 bacterial genera. Moreover, analysis of 64’628 bacterial genomes (60 bacterial genera and 1’047 species) allows identifying a total of 6’651 significant positive hits (coverage >90% and similarity >50%) with the nine MCR variants from 39 bacterial genera and more than 1’050 species. A high number of MCR-1 was identified in Escherichia coli (n = 862). Interestingly, while almost all variants were identified in bacteria from different sources (i.e. human, animal, and environment), the last variant, MCR-9, was exclusively detected in bacteria from human. Although these variants could be identified in bacteria from human and animal sources, we found plenty MCR variants in unsuspected bacteria from environmental origin, especially from water sources. The ubiquitous presence of mcr variants in bacteria from water likely suggests another role in the biosphere of these enzymes as an unknown defense system against natural antimicrobial peptides and/or bacteriophage predation.
Author Correction: Modification of the head proteome of nurse honeybees (Apis mellifera) exposed to field-relevant doses of pesticides
Authors: Zaluski Rodrigo , Bittarello Alis Correia , Vieira José Cavalcante Souza , Braga Camila Pereira , Padilha Pedro de Magalhaes , Fernandes Mileni da Silva , Bovi Thaís de Souza , Orsi Ricardo de Oliveira
Published: April 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Sensitive and selective monitoring of the DNA damage-induced intracellular p21 protein and unraveling the role of the p21 protein in DNA repair and cell apoptosis by surface plasmon resonance
Authors: He Yuhan , Wang Zixiao , Hu Yuqing , Yi Xinyao , Wu Ling , Cao Zhong , Wang Jianxiu
Published: April 2020

Sensitive and selective monitoring of DNA damage-induced intracellular p21 protein is proposed using surface plasmon resonance. The method serves as a viable means for unraveling the role of p21 protein in DNA repair and cell apoptosis.
Temperature effects on the spatial distribution of electrolyte mixtures at the aqueous liquid–vapor interface
Authors: Eggimann Becky L. , Siepmann J. Ilja
Published: April 2020

Monte Carlo simulations indicate that an anion's propensity for interfacial adsorption increases with its size and is associated with an enthalpic gain and entropic cost for the largest anion.
Molecular design of anti-spindle-like molecules by use of siloxanyl terminals for a thermotropic bicontinuous cubic phase
Authors: Kawafuchi Akane , Kutsumizu Shoichi , Kawase Yuki , Tokiwa Issei , Udagawa Taro , Miwa Yohei
Published: April 2020

By modifying the three molecular moieties, siloxane terminal, alkyl spacer, and aromatic core part, the molecular requirements for the formation of bicontinuous cubic phases are presented.
Sulfate modified g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution: the role of sulfate in photocatalysis
Authors: Jiang Yabin , Sun Zongzhao , Chen Qianwen , Zhao Yun , Zeng Lei , Yang Chunzhen , Huang Feng , Huang Limin
Published: April 2020

A facile co-pyrolysis approach to synthesize sulfate modified g-C3N4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards hydrogen evolution.
Advances in metal–organic framework coatings: versatile synthesis and broad applications
Authors: Meng Jiashen , Liu Xiong , Niu Chaojiang , Pang Quan , Li Jiantao , Liu Fang , Liu Ziang , Mai Liqiang
Published: April 2020

This review article summarizes the recent advances in versatile synthesis strategies and broad applications of metal–organic framework coatings.
Controlling the morphology of metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials: metal oxides as primary architecture-directing agents
Authors: Hwang Jongkook , Ejsmont Aleksander , Freund Ralph , Goscianska Joanna , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Wuttke Stefan
Published: April 2020

We give a comprehensive overview of how the morphology control is an effective and versatile way to control the physicochemical properties of metal oxides that can be transferred to metal–organic frameworks and porous carbon materials.
The substitution of a single amino acid with its enantiomer for control over the adjuvant activity of self-assembling peptides
Authors: Li Mingyu , Liu Mingyuan , Shang Yuna , Ren Chunhua , Liu Jianfeng , Jin Hongxing , Wang Zhongyan
Published: April 2020

The substitution of a single amino acid with its enantiomer in Nap-GFFY conferred different self-assembly performances and distinct adjuvant activities on the corresponding peptides.
A review of affective chemistry education research and its implications for future research
Authors: Flaherty A. A.
Published: April 2020

In the past twenty years there has been a surge of research on chemistry students’ attitudes, self-efficacy, self-concept, expectations, values, interest, motivation, effort beliefs and achievement emotions. This research has sought to understand how students feel when learning chemistry and how this may be influencing how they perform. However the wealth of this research has yet to be reviewed as a whole to identify its major themes and findings. This article reports on a review of 91 affective chemistry education research studies published since the year 2000. A focus of this review is to survey the methodological approaches used throughout research. The main finding of this review is that quantitative research regimes overwhelmingly dominant the landscape of affective chemistry education research. Of the studies reviewed, 85% (n = 77) are quantitative, 10% (n = 9) are mixed-methods while just 5% (n = 5) are qualitative research studies. Five overarching themes of affective chemistry education research are revealed. These themes manifest as the purposes behind these research studies which include; (i) to measure and compare affective states across various student demographics and contexts (32%, n = 29), (ii) to assess the influence of a learning intervention on student affect (30%, n = 28), (iii) to correlate measured affective states to performance in exams (24%, n = 22), (iv) to develop and validate scales for chemistry education research (10%, n = 9) and (v) to quantitatively model affective theoretical frameworks (3%, n = 3). The dominance of quantitative research regimes to investigate student affect may be challenged given the highly subjective and unstable nature of measured affective states. The findings of this review offer a series of implications for affective chemistry education which will be later discussed with a view to indicating potential directions for future affective chemistry education research.
Enantioselective formal synthesis of the marine macrolide (−)-callyspongiolide
Authors: Urbina Aina , Llor Núria , Barbieri Maria Vittoria , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes
Published: April 2020

An enantioselective formal synthesis of the cytotoxic macrolide (−)-callyspongiolide, in eight steps from aldehyde 4, is reported.
Sulfoxide synthesis from sulfinate esters under Pummerer-like conditions
Authors: Kobayashi Akihiro , Matsuzawa Tsubasa , Hosoya Takamitsu , Yoshida Suguru
Published: April 2020

A facile synthetic method of allyl sulfoxides by S-allylation of sulfinate esters proceeds through sulfonium intermediates. On the basis of the plausible reaction mechanism, S-alkynylation and S-arylation were also accomplished.