bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Smoking during Pregnancy, Household Smoking after the Child’s Birth, and Childhood Proteinuria at Age 3 Years
Authors: Shinzawa Maki , Tanaka Shiro , Tokumasu Hironobu , Takada Daisuke , Tsukamoto Tatsuo , Yanagita Motoko , Kawakami Koji
Published: December 2016

Background and objectives

Smoking is a well known risk factor of proteinuria in adults; however, clinical studies in children are limited. The purpose of this study is to clarify the associations of maternal smoking during pregnancy and household smoking after the child’s birth with the risk of proteinuria at age 3 years old.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We performed a population–based retrospective cohort study on 44,595 children using data on prenatal health checkups, home visit neonatal health checkups, and health checkups at 4, 9, and 18 months and 3 years of age in Kobe City, Japan. Maternal smoking status (nonsmoker, past smoker, or current smoker) was collected with standardized questionnaires. The outcome of interest was the presence of proteinuria at 3 years of age defined as urinary protein ≥1+. To evaluate the association between child proteinuria and smoking status, we performed multivariate logistic regression model analyses adjusted for confounding factors.

Results

The prevalence rates of children in the maternal smoking groups (none, past, and current) were 78.9%, 4.4%, and 16.7%, respectively. The frequencies of child proteinuria defined as ≥1+ urinary protein were 1.7% in the current smoking group, 1.6% in the past smoking group, and 1.3% in the nonsmoking group. Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with child proteinuria (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.00 to 1.52; P=0.05) in the multiple logistic regression model, although nonmaternal family smoking during pregnancy was not significantly associated with child proteinuria (odds ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.19; P=0.77). We also found a similar association with household smoking after the child’s birth (odds ratio, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 1.54; P=0.06), although this observation was not significant.

Conclusions

Maternal smoking during pregnancy was one of the risk factors of childhood proteinuria. We also found a similar association with household smoking after the child’s birth, although this observation was not significant.
A “FORMAÇÃO DAS ALMAS” SERTANEJAS: QUANDO O POVO PERCEBE A REPÚBLICA E O PODER EM UMA REGIÃO DO INTERIOR DAS MINAS
Authors: Jesus Alysson Luiz Freitas de
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o contexto de início da República na região norte-mineira, especialmente a partir da ação política popular nesse contexto. A ideia é apresentar uma sociedade mais dinâmica, com maior capacidade de organização política, que procurou resolver as suas demandas por meio de instrumentos variados da ação política. A partir do estudo de documentos da Administração Pública da cidade, bem como jornais impressos, como o Correio do Norte, buscamos acesso ao cotidiano das relações na região, demonstrando como as ações coletivas se configuraram como elemento conformador da identidade política norte-mineira.

Palavras-chave: sociedade; poder; norte de Minas; ação política.

 

A "FORMATION OF SOULS" SERTANEJAS: WHEN PEOPLE REALIZE THE REPUBLIC AND POWER IN AN INTERIOR  REGION OF MINAS

Abstract

 This article has got the aim to evaluate the early Republic context in the north Mineira region, especially from the popular political action in this context. The idea is to present a more dynamic society, with greater capacity for political organization, which searched to address their demands through various instruments of political action. From the study of documents from the city's Public Administration and newspapers, such as the North Mail, we seek the access the daily relations in the region, demonstrating how the collective action is configured as a shaping element of the north-Mineira political identity.

Keywords: society; power; north of Minas; political action.

 

LA "FORMACIÓN DE LAS ALMAS" SERTANEJAS: CUANDO EL PUEBLO PERCIBE LA REPÚBLICA Y EL PODER EN REGIÓN DEL INTERIOR DE LAS MINAS

Resumen

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar el contexto de início de la República en región norte-minera, especialmente a partir de la acción política popular en este contexto. La idea es presentar una sociedad más lúdica, con mayor capacidad de organización política, que intenta resolver sua demandas por medios de herramientas variables de la acción política. A partir del estudio de documentos de la Administración Pública de la ciudad, bien como periódicos impresos, como el Correo del Norte, buscamos acceso al cotidiano de las relaciones en la región, demonstrando como las acciones coletivas se configuran como elemento conformador de identidad política norte-minera. Palabra-llave: sociedad; poder; norte de Minas; acción política.
Strategic stakeholder management by corporate social responsibility: Some conceptual thoughts
Authors: Stiglbauer Markus
Published: December 2016

The sustainability and responsibility of corporate strategic management has become an important issue in recent years, not only against the background of the current financial and economic crisis. Companies are expected not only to succeed economically, but also ecologically and socially. Companies can use the issue of corporate responsibility to capture new markets and opportunities. But new requirements arise. Thus, stakeholders may exert pressure on companies to assume social responsibility, whereas executives shall lead by example. This paper tries to assess possiblities to meet stakeholder expectations towards companies by implementing corporate social responsibility concepts. We identify primary and secondary stakeholders of companies by using salience theory and try to give conceptual answers how the well-known concept of Caroll‟s corporate social responsibility pyramid my help to improve the current situation and to take top management and supervisory boards into account to establish a change of focus on corporate social responsibility not just as a hot topic.
Governing ‘too big to fail’ banks
Authors: Mullineux Andy
Published: December 2016

This paper considers possible and proposed responses to the “To Big (complex, interconnected, important) To Fail (TBTF) Problem”. It argues that the corporate governance of large shareholder owned deposit taking banks is particularly problematic because of the implicit insurance their shareholders and bondholders enjoy, at the taxpayers expense. This creates issues of moral hazard and also competitive inequality, because TBTF banks can raise funds more cheaply than non-TBTF banks. The US pre-funded deposit insurance scheme with risk-related premia does a pretty good job managing the moral hazard issues relating to non-TBTF banks. A parallel mechanism involving a special resolution regime for TBTF banks and the equivalent of deposit insurance with risk-related premia needs to be put in place. Whether the scheme should be pre-funded or operated on a ex post „polluter pays‟ basis, and the associated tax regime for TBTF banks needs further consideration. Bondholders should not enjoy the current level of protection and „Co-Co‟ bonds may be part of the solution. Consumer Protection is a good idea and deposit taking banks should be regulated as other „utilities‟ are in the UK. The corporate governance problem would be simpler if all retail deposit taking banks were mutuals
Expectations, employment and prices: A suggested interpretation of the new ‘Farmerian’ economics
Authors: Guerrazzi Marco
Published: December 2016

This paper aims at providing a critical assessment of the new ‘Farmerian’ economics, i.e. the recent Farmer’s attempt to provide a new microfoundation of the General Theory grounded on modern search and business cycle theories. Specifically, I develop a theoretical model that summarizes the main arguments of the suggested approach by showing that a special importance has to be attached to the search mechanism, the choice of units and ‘animal spirits’ modelling. Thereafter, referring to selfmade real-business-cycle experiments, I discuss the main empirical implications of the resulting framework. Finally, I consider its policy implications by stressing the problematic nature of demand management interventions and the advisability of extending the role of the central bank in preventing financial bubbles and crashes.
Distress classification measures in the banking sector
Authors: Carapeto Maria , Moeller Scott , Faelten Anna , Vitkova Valeriya , Bortolotto Leonardo
Published: December 2016

This paper investigates distress classification measures in the banking sector. The power of ten different accounting measures is tested using media coverage as the benchmark for a sample of 1,175 banks which participated in merger and acquisitions or divestiture deals over the past 22 calendar years. According to the results of the study, a bank should be defined as distressed if the ratio of its non-performing loans to total loans is in the two highest deciles of the industry, using a three-year moving average. This measure is typically favored by practitioners, who maintain that other common measures, e.g., those involving provisions for loan losses, are not as accurate as they express only a managerial forecast. Interestingly, measures that capture capital adequacy too often depict the bank as healthy even if it is de facto distressed, while measures of asset quality, though highly correlated with each other, tend to overestimate the number of distressed banks.
Arqueologia regional e a construção das paisagens Guarani na margem esquerda do rio Paraná, Estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Noelli Francisco Silva , Corrêa Ângelo Alves
Published: December 2016

Este artigo é dedicado a mostrar alguns efeitos da presença Guarani na margem do rio Paraná, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Apresentamos aqui a compilação e uma análise dos dados arqueológicos com o objetivo de compreender os padrões de implantação dos sítios e apresentar aspectos do modelo de policultura agroflorestal usados para transformar meio ambiente em paisagem culturalmente modificada. A distribuição espacial das evidências arqueológicas associadas com dados históricos e etnográficos permitem concluir que os povos Guarani viveram (e ainda vivem) entre a foz do rio Iguaçu e a foz do rio Paranapanema por mais de 20 séculos, produzindo mudanças ambientais com suas técnicas de manejo agroflorestal.
Depósitos Pleistocênicos e Holocênicos associados a contextos arqueológicos de ar livre no Alto Ribatejo
Authors: Rosina Pierluigi , Gomes Hugo , Cunha Pedro P.
Published: December 2016

Os estudos arqueológicos sugerem padrões tecnológicos e de liquidação de recorrências e/ou convergências durante a transição do Pleistoceno-Holoceno. A fim de compreender melhor a sequência de ocupações humanas na região do Alto Ribatejo do Tejo inferior, um estudo geoarqueológico foi realizado, incluindo a caracterização sedimentológica de depósitos, a análise estratigráfica e a sua ligação com os contextos arqueológicos. O estudo sedimentar envolveu trabalhos de campo e de laboratório (análises de tamanho de grão e difração de raios X de agregados orientados para a identificação de minerais de argila). Um amplo espaço de tempo foi considerado, à procura de possíveis tendências dentro de uma determinada região de Portugal, o Alto Ribatejo. A fim de resolver esta questão, foram realizados estudos em diferentes depósitos: fluviais, coluviais, eólicos, eluviais e de origem antrópica. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo com base principalmente em sítios arqueológicos de ar livre que pertencem a diferentes fases culturais: do Paleolítico Superior, Epipaleolítico, Neolítico e Calcolítico. Os dados apoiam a interpretação de que as condições de clima frio do intervalo ~ 32 a 12 ka, gerando principalmente sedimentos coluviais e depósitos eólicos. Condições húmidas ou secas (temperadas) que levaram a mudanças nas paisagens culturais durante o Holoceno.
O Complexo Arqueológico de Palestina de Goiás/Brasil – uma avaliação dos conjuntos líticos mais antigos em contextualização macrorregional
Authors: Viana Sibeli Aparecida , Ramos Marcos Paulo M. , Rubin Julio Cezar Rubin de , Barberi Maira , Boëda Eric
Published: December 2016

Neste artigo apresentamos resultados iniciais advindos da retomada de pesquisa arqueológica no município de Palestina de Goiás (Região Arqueológica de Caiapônia). Apesar da expressiva abrangência temática da pesquisa na região, este trabalho foca na variabilidade tecnológica presente nos conjuntos líticos de dois sítios da região: GO-Cp-16 e GO-Cp-17 e seus aspectos geomorfológicos. Esses sítios são relacionados ao período do Holoceno Médio e a cultura material aqui analisada foi, majoritariamente, obtida pelas escavações realizadas entre 1979 e 1981. Também traz reflexões sobre o contexto macrorregional em que estes sítios se encontram.
Proposta de sequência tecnocultural da Serra da Capivara (Piauí) do Pleistoceno final ao Holoceno recente
Authors: Pagli Marina , Lucas Lívia De Oliveira e , Lourdeau Antoine
Published: December 2016

O potencial arqueológico excepcional da região da Serra da Capivara, no Piauí, já foi demonstrado em numerosas publicações, principalmente enfocadas nas representações rupestres dos abrigos (as “tocas”) e nas ocupações pleistocênicas, entre as mais antigas da América. Propomos aqui outra abordagem da pré-história da área, com uma apresentação das características e das mudanças dos sistemas técnicos ao longo da sequência de ocupação, do Pleistoceno final ao Holoceno recente. Baseamo-nos na análise direta dos vestígios líticos de três sítios (Toca do João Leite, Toca da Ema do Sítio do Brás, Toca do Baixão da Ana Maria) e nos dados acessíveis na bibliografia sobre outros sítios. A dúzia de sítios arqueológicos considerados nesse estudo abrange todo o período de ocupação da Serra da Capivara durante a pré-história. Podemos assim propor um novo olhar sobre a sequência técnica regional, que divide-se em quatro grandes momentos.
Prognostic value of EEG in West syndrome
Authors: Nikolic Dimitrije , Milovanovich Ivan , Medjo Biljana , Atanaskovic Marina , Ivanovski Petar , Nikolic Ana
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. West syndrome (WS) is an epileptic encephalopathy which is characterized by the trias: infantile spasms, psychomotor delay and specific electroencephalography (EEG) pattern. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of EEG in the therapy of West syndrome. Methods. This study group comprised 68 patients (40 boys and 28 girls) with the diagnosis of WS. Criteria for inclusion of patients in this study were the disease onset in the first or the second year of life, specific seizure type and a characteristic EEG pattern. All patients were divided into 2 groups: symptomatic (37 patients) and cryptogenic (31 patients) WS. The outcome was assessed through the response to the therapy (seizure control and EEG findings). Follow-up was at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after the diagnosis was established. Results. Three months after starting the treatment 80.6% of patients with improved EEG were seizure free (p < 0.01); 85.7% of patients with EEG improvement at 3 months check-up were seizure free after 6 months (p < 0.01); 82.8% of patients with better EEG findings after 3 months had no seizures after 12 months (p < 0.05). Also, the majority of patients with improvement in EEG at 6 month follow-up (95.8%) had no seizures at one year follow-up (p < 0.01). The presence of seizures during this period did not depend on EEG after 6 months of treatment (p > 0.05). Most of the patients with improved (89.7%) and unchanged (70.6%) EEG after 12 months had no seizures after two years, whereas the patients with worsened EEG were with seizures. Conclusion. Seizure control after 6, 12 and 24 months depended on EEG finding at 3 months follow up. Seizure control after 12 months correlated with EEG after 6 months. The correlation between EEG after 12 months and seizure control after 24 months was not clear. EEG at 6 months follow-up did not affect seizure control after 2 years.
Primary malignant teratoma of the mediastinum with poor outcome: A case report
Authors: Sazdanic-Velikic Danica , Skrbic Dusan , Povazan Djordje , Djuric Mirna , Vuckovic Dejan , Secen Nevena
Published: December 2016

Introduction. About 5%?10% of mediastinal tumors in adults are teratomas and about 85% of them are benign. Case report. We report a case of extragonadal malignant teratoma in a 39-year old man. The computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest revealed the soft-tissue density mass in the middle lobe of the lung. The posterolateral thoracotomy was performed and a mediastinal tumor of 25 cm was completely resected. Histopathological findings confirmed malignant teratoma. One month after the resection the positron emission tomography- computed tomography (PET/CT) scan of the whole body was performed and showed progression of the disease. Patient developed signs of the superior vena cava obstruction and received radiotherapy of the mediastinum and the metastatic lesion of the lumbal vertebra. After radiotherapy, the patient developed paraplegia and urinary incontinence and received the best supportive treatment. Conclusion. Primary extragonadal germ cell tumors have poor prognosis due to their relative chemoresistance and frequent findings of advanced disease after establishing the diagnosis.
The impact of accreditation on health care quality in hospitals
Authors: Markovic-Petrovic Gordana , Vukovic Mira , Jovic-Vranes Aleksandra
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. Accreditation is considered to be the oldest and most widespread mechanism of independent external evaluation of health care quality and is implemented in over 70 countries worldwide. Despite numerous studies in this field, there is still no solid evidence about its impact on health care quality and patient safety. The goal of this paper was to investigate if the accreditation process has an effect on the difference in values of health care quality indicators. Methods. The study was conducted in two tertiary level health care hospitals, one accredited, the other non-accredited. Values of seven quality indicators in the period before, during and immediately after the completion of accreditation (from 2007?2015), which measure health care quality, patient safety, the efficiency and productivity of the institution, were compared. Results. Of the seven monitored quality indicators, a positive effect of the accreditation process can be attributed to a shorter length of waiting for the first scheduled health check at the institution, shorter length of waiting for the first scheduled surgical check, lower rate of patients with decubitus as well as a decrease of the rate of hospital days per patient with acute myocardial infarction. No effect of accreditation was found on the mortality rate, mortality rate within the first 48 hours of hospitalization, and the average rate of hospital days per patient at the level of the institution. Conclusion. The process of accreditation undoubtedly intensifies activities that contribute to improving health care quality, which results in better health outcomes. Additional research in this field and new evidence about the relationship between accreditation and quality upgrading in health care institutions are required because this could motivate their managers to decide more easily to enter into this process and implement it, despite the additional efforts and financial investments associated with accreditation.
Discoloration of resin based composites in natural juices and energy drinks
Authors: Antonov Milica , Lenhardt Lea , Manojlovic Dragica , Milicevic Bojana , Dramicanin Miroslav
Published: December 2016

Background/Aim. Discoloration of dental restorations makes them aesthetically unacceptable and is a frequent reason for replacement of composite restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes of color and fluorescence of resin-based composites (RBCs) exposed to natural juices and energy drinks. Methods. Microhybrid composite Gradia DirectTM Extra Bleach White disc-shaped specimens (n = 35) were immersed in three different natural juices and four different energy drinks. Absorption spectra of natural juices and energy drinks, diffuse reflection and fluorescence of composite samples were measured prior and after seven- day immersion by spectrophotometer Thermo Evolution 600 and spectrofluorometer Fluorolog-3-221. Composite?s color was calculated from diffuse reflection spectra and expressed in CIELAB color space (Commission International de l?Eclairage). Results. All natural juices and energy drinks induced color change of resin based composites, but to the different extent. Only aronia and carrot juices induced total color change considerably higher than clinically acceptable threshold, 9.3 and 6.2, respectively. All energy drinks and aronia juice induced notable decrease in fluorescence; the highest change of 28% was evidenced in the case of aronia juice. Conclusion. Change of color and fluorescence will appear differently with various solutions due to different chemical composition and concentration of colorant species in different beverages. Solutions with higher optical absorption induced higher total color change. Discoloration of composites in aronia and carrot juices is similar to those earlier reported for red wine, tea and coffee.
Bilateral carotid-cavernous fistula presented with unilateral symptomatology
Authors: Stojcic Milan , Djuric Gordana , Zoric Lepsa
Published: December 2016

Introduction. Carotid-cavernous fistula presents an abnormal communication between carotid arterial system and the venous cavernous sinus. Due to anatomical characteristics of the sinus, the clinical picture is first manifested as ophthalmic problem. These fistulas are either of spontaneous or traumatic origin with different hemodynamics. They are usually on one side. However, bilateral carotidcavernous fistulas are rare and deserve special interest. Case report. We presented a 76-years-old female patient, who complained on diplopia and right eye protrusion and esotropia. Ophthalmological findings aroused suspicion of a right-side spontaneous carotid-cavernous fistula. Further non-invasive and invasive investigations confirmed our initial diagnosis. Unexpectedly, digital subtraction angiography revealed another fistula, on her left side. Both fistulas were of low flow and did not need therapy. Conclusion. Carotid- cavernous fistula represent certain diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Although they are not indicated in a clinical picture, sometimes bilateral fistulas can be found during appropriate diagnostic procedures.
Health Care Transition Preparation and Experiences in a U.S. National Sample of Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Garvey Katharine C. , Foster Nicole C. , Agarwal Shivani , DiMeglio Linda A. , Anderson Barbara J. , Corathers Sarah D. , Desimone Marisa E. , Libman Ingrid M. , Lyons Sarah K. , Peters Anne L. , Raymond Jennifer K. , Laffel Lori M.
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVE

Young adults with type 1 diabetes transitioning from pediatric to adult care are at risk for adverse outcomes. We developed a survey to evaluate transition experiences in two groups of young adults with type 1 diabetes, before (PEDS) and after (ADULT) transition to adult care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We fielded an electronic survey to young adults (18 to <30 years) at 60 T1D Exchange Clinic Registry centers.

RESULTS

Surveys were completed by 602 young adults, 303 in the PEDS group (60% female, age 20 ± 2 years) and 299 in the ADULT group (62% female, age 24 ± 3 years). In the PEDS group, mean anticipated transition age was 22 ± 2 years; 64% remained in pediatric care because of emotional attachment to the provider. The ADULT group transitioned at age 19 ± 2 years, mainly after pediatric provider recommendation. More than 80% of respondents reported receiving counseling on type 1 diabetes self-management and screening tests from pediatric providers, but less than half (43% PEDS and 33% ADULT) reported discussing reproductive health. In the PEDS group, half had discussed transfer with pediatric providers. Of the ADULT participants, 63% received an adult provider referral, and 66% felt mostly/completely prepared to transition. ADULT participants with fewer pretransition pediatric visits or who felt unprepared for transition had increased odds of gaps >6 months between pediatric and adult care. Receipt of transition preparation counseling was not associated with self-reported hemoglobin A1c <7.0% in either group.

CONCLUSIONS

These results support the need for intensive efforts to integrate transition preparation counseling and care coordination into pediatric type 1 diabetes care.
Serodiagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections by a novel NS1-based ELISA devoid of cross-reactivity with dengue virus antibodies: a multicohort study of assay performance, 2015 to 2016
Authors: Steinhagen Katja , Probst Christian , Radzimski Christiane , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Emmerich Petra , van Esbroeck Marjan , Schinkel Janke , Grobusch Martin P , Goorhuis Abraham , Warnecke Jens M , Lattwein Erik , Komorowski Lars , Deerberg Andrea , Saschenbrecker Sandra , Stöcker Winfried , Schlumberger Wolfgang
Published: December 2016

Serological diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections is challenging due to high cross-reactivity between flaviviruses. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of a novel anti-ZIKV ELISA based on recombinant ZIKV non-structural protein 1 (NS1). Assay sensitivity was examined using sera from 27 patients with reverse transcription (RT)-PCR-confirmed and 85 with suspected ZIKV infection. Specificity was analysed using sera from 1,015 healthy individuals. Samples from 252 patients with dengue virus (n = 93), West Nile virus (n = 34), Japanese encephalitis virus (n = 25), chikungunya virus (n = 19) or Plasmodium spp. (n = 69) infections and from 12 yellow fever-vaccinated individuals were also examined. In confirmed ZIKV specimens collected ≥ 6 days after symptom onset, ELISA sensitivity was 58.8% (95% confidence interval (CI): 36.0–78.4) for IgM, 88.2% (95% CI: 64.4–98.0) for IgG, and 100% (95% CI: 78.4–100) for IgM/IgG, at 99.8% (95% CI: 99.2–100) specificity. Cross-reactivity with high-level dengue virus antibodies was not detected. Among patients with potentially cross-reactive antibodies anti-ZIKV positive rates were 0.8% (95% CI: 0–3.0) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0–2.4) for IgM and IgG, respectively. Providing high specificity and low cross-reactivity, the NS1-based ELISA has the potential to aid in counselling patients, pregnant women and travellers after returning from ZIKV-endemic areas.
Performance evaluation of commercial maize hybrids across diverse Terai environments during the winter season in Nepal
Authors: Tripathi Mahendra Prasad , Shrestha Jiban , Gurung Dil Bahadur
Published: December 2016

The hybrid maize cultivars of multinational seed companies are gradually being popular among the farmers in Nepal. This paper reports on research finding of 117 maize hybrids of 20 seed companies assessed for grain yield and other traits at three sites in winter season of 2011 and 2012. The objective of the study was to identify superior maize hybrids suitable for winter time planting in eastern, central and inner Terai of Nepal. Across site analysis of variance revealed that highly significant effect of genotype and genotype × environment interaction (GEI) on grain yield of commercial hybrids. Overall, 47 genotypes of 16 seed companies identified as high yielding and stable based on superiority measures. The statistical analysis ranked topmost three genotypes among tested hybrids as P3856 (10515 kg ha-1), Bisco prince (8763 kg ha-1) as well as Shaktiman (8654 kg ha-1) in the first year; and 3022 (8378 kg ha-1), Kirtiman manik (8323 kg ha-1) as well as Top class (7996 kg ha-1) in the second year. It can be concluded that stable and good performing hybrids identified as potential commercial hybrids for general cultivation on similar environments in Nepal.
Grain yield stability of early maize genotypes
Authors: Kunwar Chitra Bahadur , Katuwal Ram Bahadur , Thapa Sailendra , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study was to estimate grain yield stability of early maize genotypes. Five early maize genotypes namely Pool-17, Arun1EV, Arun-4, Arun-2 and Farmer’s variety were evaluated using Randomized Complete Block Design along with three replications at four different locations namely Rampur, Rajahar, Pakhribas and Kabre districts of Nepal during summer seasons of three consecutive years from 2010 to 2012 under farmer’s fields. Genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot was used to identify superior genotype for grain yield and stability pattern. The genotypes Arun-1 EV and Arun-4 were better adapted for Kabre and Pakhribas where as pool-17 for Rajahar environments. The overall findings showed that Arun-1EV was more stable followed by Arun-2 therefore these two varieties can be recommended to farmers for cultivation in both environments.
Assessing the effect of phosphorus application on early growth of maize at Sunderbazar, Lamjung, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Ram Kumar , Amgain Lal Prasad , Aryal Sadikshya
Published: December 2016

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient element for maize production. A pot experiment was conducted during May-June, 2015 to assess the effects of different rates of P on early growth of maize plant at Sundarbazar, Lamjung. Two maize varieties (Rato Makai and Poshilo Makai-1) were subjected to four P levels (0 kg ha-1,13 kg ha-1, 18 kg ha-1, and 23 kg ha-1) in randomized complete block design with four replications. The effects of different P level on root elongation, root biomass, plant height, root shoot biomass ratio and total dry matter were investigated at 45 days after sowing. For all parameters, the maximum value was obtained when soil was added with 18 kg P ha-1 & the minimum value under the control of 0 kg P ha-1. Maize varieties differed significantly in terms of all the parameters under study, and Poshilo Makai-1 performed better than Rato Makai at all P levels. So, from this result, it can be concluded that Poshilo Makai-1 appeared to be P efficient over Rato Makai at early growth stage. However, it would be necessary to look at the response of crop up to maturity and at wider range of P to have the better insight of their relative performance.
Estimation of heterosis in yield and yield attributing traits in single cross hybrids of maize
Authors: Sharma Hari Prasad , Dhakal Krishna Hari , Kharel Raju , Shrestha Jiban
Published: December 2016

A field experiment was conducted at National Maize Research Program, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during winter season from 6th October, 2015 to 5th March 2016 to estimate different heterosis on single cross maize hybrids . Thirteen maize hybrids were tested randomized complete block design with three replications. Hybrid namely RML-98/RL-105 gave the highest standard heterosis (57.5%) for grain yield over CP-666 followed by RML-4/NML-2 (32.6%), RML-95/RL-105 (29%) and RML-5/RL-105 (20.6%). The hybrid RML-98/RL-105 produced the highest standard heterosis (75.1%) for grain yield over Rajkumar followed by RML-4/NML-2(50.2%), RML-95/RL-105(46.6%), RML-5/RL-105 and (35.7%). Mid and better parent heterosis were significantly higher for yield and yield attributes viz. ear length, ear diameter, no of kernel row per ear, no of kernel per row and test weight. The highest positive mid-parent heterosis for grain yield was found in RML-98/RL-105 followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. For the grain yield the better parent heterosis was the highest in RML-98/RL-105, followed by RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2. These results suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating hybrids namely RML-98/RL-105, RML-5/RL-105, RML-95/RL-105, and RML-4/NML-2.
Ceremonial Rhetoric and Civic Identity: The Case of the White Hat
Authors: Seiler Robert M. , Seiler Tamara P.
Published: December 2016

Canadians exploit a wide variety of symbolic resources to construct their regional and municipal identities, from the physical characteristics of their area to their community's rich historical past. People in Calgary project their civic identity through the city's distinctive community spirit, which has its roots in the myths of the western frontier. In this article, we analyze, from a cultural studies perspective, Calgary's practice of presenting visiting dignitaries with a white cowboy hat, a symbol of the city and of its unique brand of hospitality. We see the ceremony as a site of struggle, the dynamics of which have become increasingly apparent in recent years. We attempt to clarify how, via this ritual, those who arguably constitute the city's civic and business élite have drawn on the western heritage of southern Alberta – its ranching and agricultural history - to help construct a highly charged civic identity that has served during a period of rapid social change to downplay social cleavages and to promote corporate interests.
Furnishing the Pictures: Arthur S. Goss, Michael Ondaatje and the Imag(in)ing of Toronto
Authors: Duffy Dennis
Published: December 2016

There is more to the cameo appearance of civic photographer Arthur S. Goss (1880-1940) in Ondaatje's In the Skin of a Lion than another instance of historical verisimilitude. The city of Toronto's first official photographer, Goss's oeuvre provided Ondaatje with a set of civic images enabling him to reconstruct his version of the past, as shown in Duffy 1994. Goss's career as a civic official also entwined him in the careers of two of Toronto's most potent modernizers, Charles J. Hastings and Roland C. Harris (the latter a character in In the Skin of a Lion). They in turn produce the discourse of power that remains one of the novel's themes. Thus Ondaatje's Goss returns to life as the writer's fellow visionary.
Defining "Canadian": Anti-Americanism and Identity in Sir John A. Macdonald's Nationalism
Authors: Wood Patricia K.
Published: December 2016

The patriotic rhetoric of the general election of 1891, won by Sir John A. Macdonald's Conservative Party, was well-received at the time and echoed far into the twentieth century. While the campaign revolved around anti-Americanism, its language, images and symbols were referential to specific discourses of ethnicity, gender and class. These discourses privileged British-Canadian, middle-class males, who used this election to further entrench their positions of social, cultural and political power. In the newly formed Dominion of Canada, Macdonald and his supporters appropriated national and nationalist language that suggested inclusion and excluded or devalued others, in patterns that are still visible today.
The Group of Seven and the Tourist Landscape in Western Canada, or The More Things Change …
Authors: Jessup Lynda
Published: December 2016

Historians of Canadian culture have demonstrated increasing awareness that the Group of Seven and the ideas of nation advanced in and around their work were never as fully embraced by the public at large as once assumed. One reason is that the Group, and the cultural producers with whom they aligned themselves, worked from an urban perspective characteristic of Ontario regionalism. For Ontarians, the landscape in paintings by the Group of Seven was not a place of productive labour, nor a permanent home, but rather a place of recreation, a wilderness landscape of scenic value and spiritual renewal. Using the artists’ work in western Canada as a case study, this paper argues that this touristic experience of the non-human environment was intimately tied as well to the emergence of mass tourism, which took shape as a state-coordinated industry in Canada in the 1920s.
Vehicles of Nationalism: Defining Canada in the 1930s
Authors: Coutu Joan
Published: December 2016

This paper explores Canada as defined by the Ontario provincial politician T.B, McQuesten in the numerous “make-work” projects he oversaw in the 1930s: the reconstruction of numerous historic sites; the building of the Oakes Garden Theatre, the Clifton Gate Memorial Arch and the Rainbow Bridge at Niagara Falls; and the construction of the Queen Elizabeth Way and the St. Lawrence and Niagara Parkways. McQuesten’s teleological march of settlement and civilization is compared to contemporaneous definitions of Canada and is situated within the international pre-occupation with and the pursuit of modernity in the name of nationalism. His Canada is also evaluated against the parameters of postcolonial theory.
The Smokestack Leaned Toward Capitalism: An Examination of the Middle Way Program of the Antigonish Movement
Authors: MacAulay Scott
Published: December 2016

The article explores the ideological underpinnings of the Antigonish Movement of co-operative development and adult education which established itself in Nova Scotia in the 1930s. It is concluded that the ideology of the Antigonish Movement represented consent to, and reinforcement of, capitalist hegemony. This argument is contrary to the position taken by many Movement activists and writers who present the Movement as attempting to create a middle way between capitalism and socialism.
From Hewers of Wood to Producers of Pulp: True Crime in Canadian Pulp Magazines of the 1940s
Authors: Strange Carolyn , Loo Tina
Published: December 2016

In the 1940s, federal restrictions on the importation of U.S. publications spurred the growth of a Canadian pulp magazine industry, one branch of which was true crime. These cheap consumables, adorned with bawdy and violent cover imagery as well as sexually explicit advertisements, sometimes featured Canadian murder cases. True crime stories featured edgy dialogue and gumshoe argot but they remained within, and helped to define, the boundaries of heterosexuality, the racist moral hierarchies, and the certitude of explicable crime. Far from presenting authority figures in a dim light, Canadian true crime tales were written from the perspective of law men, the local police officers and the Mounties who doggedly gathered evidence and trailed unrepentant criminals. Writers took readers on journeys to morally dark places, particularly the remote north and the far west, where civilization along settled Euro-Canadian models had barely taken hold well into the twentieth century. Terrible murders, committed by ruthless criminals (typically Native men), threatened to rock the foundations of Canadian civilization but true crime reassured readers that the cops, the courts, and the gallows could and would always set it right. The industry declined by the 1950s, not on account of a moral-clean-up campaign but as a result of the pulp novel industry’s growth and the revocation of wartime importation bans.
Amelia Paget’s The People of the Plains: Imperialist and Ethnocritical Nostalgia
Authors: Hulan Shelley
Published: December 2016

Twentieth-century representations of nostalgia as the mourning of a lost, idealized, organic communal identity often obscure the simultaneous but contradictory possibilities that nostalgia provides to narrative. Amelia Paget’s anthropological account of Cree, Ojibway, Assiniboine and Sioux First Nations in Western Canada, The People of the Plains, makes use of an “imperialist nostalgia” that praises the West’s bright future as part of the new nation, while at the same time it deploys this same colonial mourning to introduce another version of nostalgia that undermines any celebration of the liberal nation-state. In this 1909 text, then, Paget manipulates nostalgia’s capacity both to conceal and to articulate criticisms of the past, and the present, about which she writes.
Science, Politics and Science Policy in Canada: Steps Towards a Renewed Critical Inquiry
Authors: Holdsworth David
Published: December 2016

In this essay, the author undertakes a critical review of Canadian science policy. This provides a framework in which to assess the current state of affairs of “science and politics in Canada.” It is shown in what way notions of state-administered science policy, as well as market-driven exchange, are problematic. Special attention is given to the emergence of the concept of innovation, first appearing in the Science Council of Canada’s 1968 Report #4, but now appearing uncritically throughout government documents on science and public policy. The core thesis of the essay, arising out of an analysis of the “essential tension” between the autonomy of science and the authority of politics, is that both the meaning of scientific practice and its relevance for public policy must be shaped by an ongoing critical discussion within civil society — a discussion that must not be dominated by either the State or markets.
Canadian Science at the Public/Private Divide: The NCE Experiment
Authors: Atkinson-Grosjean Janet
Published: December 2016

This essay understands the relation between politics and science in terms of the public/private and basic/applied distinctions. When policy makers speak of capturing the benefits of public research today, they tend to be talking about market returns rather than social returns. In essence, the social contract between science and society has become an economic contract, and public science has been discursively repositioned as a partner in the national system of innovation and the knowledge-based economy. When the state becomes a partner with academy and industry in the privatization of research, does it make sense to maintain distinctions between public and private, basic and applied? Are they differences that make no difference? If the distinctions collapse or are abandoned, what is Lost? What do the concepts mean today in terms of science policy and scientific practice? In this essay, the author addresses these questions through her research into Canadian science policy and Canada’s Networks of Centres of Excellence (NCE) program.
Les interprétations multiples de société distincte lors de l’accord Meech: une lecture du Toronto Star et de La Presse de Montréal
Authors: Conway Kyle
Published: December 2016

Il s’agit d’examiner les représentations divergentes du Québec comme société distincte faites par le Toronto Star et La Presse de Montréal lors des débats sur l’accord Meech en 1987. En nous appuyant sur une conception du discours journalistique comme dialogue, nous considérons la façon dont la peur d’une perte de pouvoir et le désir d’un pouvoir accru ont amené les Francophones et Anglophones canadiens à attribuer au terme de société distincte des sens différents.
Constructing Identity and Drawing Lines: The Textual Work of Ontario’s Safe Streets Act
Authors: Gingrich Luann Good
Published: December 2016

Using the text of Ontario’s Safe Streets Act (legislation in effect since January 2000), the author examines the processes and techniques employed in social policy discourse to ascribe identity for purposes of organizing people and distributing power. The approach to social inquiry used in this analysis is Dorothy Smith’s formulation of institutional ethnography. The author begins by documenting her own reading, or text-reader conversation, of the press release heralding the advent of the bill, permitting exposure of the textual procedures used to interact with and draw in the discourses predominant in the ideological frame. Examination of the act itself reveals some of the identity ascriptions contained within. The author concludes with an analysis of the constitution and ascription of identity as a practice of power and social control. This study incorporates expansion on the discourses of moral regulation, social exclusion and moral panic as they are implemented to construct and organize certain socio-political identities, including the community member, the law-abiding citizen as a consumer and the offender.
“Our Dear North Country”: Regional Identity and National Meaning in Ontario’s Georgian Bay
Authors: Campbell Claire
Published: December 2016

The maturation of regional perspectives, and the accompanying development of distinct regional identities based on landscape, is a story that lies at the heart of Canadian history. With time and experience, people gradually came to think of the east shore of Georgian Bay - an archipelago known as the “Thirty Thousand Islands” - as a separate place, distinct even from adjacent sections of the Great Lakes and Ontario’s “near north.” This essay looks at this process of adaptation from three angles. Artists and writers struggled to create a language appropriate to the place, most famously in works by the Group of Seven. Residents on the islands developed a community identity that emphasized the differences and practical concerns of life in a rugged maritime environment. As this Shield landscape became laden with nationalist meaning, however, place-specific images like the leaning pine were exported as generic symbols of the northland.
The Two Giovannis: P.K. Page’s Two Modernisms
Authors: Irvine Dean
Published: December 2016

Although P.K. Page published more of her poetry in the west-coast poetry magazine Contemporary Verse (1941-1953) than any other modernist periodical, critics and literary historians have primarily attended to her early affiliations with the Preview (1942-1945) group in Montreal. By shifting attention from her Preview period to her long-term involvement with the Contemporary Verse group, this study moves towards a reconfiguration of critical and literary-historical perspectives on the relationships among modernist poetics, gender, and little-magazine production that inform Page’s participation in Canadian modernist literary culture from the early 1950s to the mid-1950s. With the publication of her two “Giovanni” poems (“Giovanni and the Indians” and “After Rain”) in 1956 as its terminal points, this reconfigured history attends to the doubly-gendered contexts of Page’s modernist poetry and poetics, namely the sociality of gender in modernist little-magazine culture and the gender of her two modernisms.
Contact and Regional Variation in Attitudes towards Linguistic Duality in Canada
Authors: Adsett Margaret , Morin Michael
Published: December 2016

This study examines whether East-to-West variation in attitudes towards linguistic duality (English/French) in Canada can be explained by regional variation in the amount of contact with the other linguistic group. Results indicate that all of the contact variables tested, especially the ability to understand the other official language at a good-to-excellent level, contribute to a reduction in regional variation.
The Comparative “Continentalization” of Security and Defence Policy in North America and Europe: Canadian Multilateralism in a Unipolar World?
Authors: Haglund David G.
Published: December 2016

This essay seeks to assess the comparative significance of defence and security “continentalism” in both North America and Europe. In particular, it invokes the European example to shed light on the North American one, as a means of taking the measure of contemporary Canadian defence and security dispensations.

This essay departs from, and indeed turns on its head, the traditional (mythic) conceptualization of continentalism as a dispensation that betrays internationalism and, even worse, betrays Canada. Instead, the term is employed here as a tool of grand strategy that implies the pursuit of an internationalist, though hardly altruistic, agenda through deliberate but not exclusive reliance upon cooperation within a continental setting. Nor is Canada alone in using continentalist means to obtain broader internationalist ends; European states have been doing this for some time.

Will Canada continue to be able to incorporate elements of “continentalism” in furthering an internationalist security agenda? Here there must be some room for doubt, in large part for reasons that are beyond the control of policymakers in Ottawa, as they are to be found within the domestic American context. Still, there are some things Canadian leaders can and should do to minimize the geostrategic risks to Canada implicit in a “unipolar” world.