bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Examining the Angular Effects of UAV-LS on Vegetation Metrics Using a Framework for Mediating Effects
Authors: Liu Yang , Shan Yu , Ying Hong , Wala Du , Zhang Xiang , Ruhan A , Rina Su , Rina Su
Published: August 2022

Discrete point cloud data from unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAV-LS) can provide information on the three-dimensional structure of a forest, the leaf area index (LAI) at the landscape or sample plot scales, the distribution of the vertical forest structure at a fine resolution, and other information. The retrieved parameters, however, may be affected in a non-negligible way by the inclusion of scan angle information. In this study, we introduced a relational model that encompasses the angular effect, predicted the mechanism of this effect, and extracted the vegetation structure indices that the angular effect might influence. Second, we quantified the direct and indirect effects, particularly the magnitude of the angular effect in broadleaf forests, and used mediated effects to investigate the components and processes that influence the angular effect. The findings demonstrate that some of the differences between the LAIe extracted by UAV-LS and the Decagon LAIe considering the angular effect of UAV-LS can be explained by adjusting physical LiDAR parameters (aerial height, laser divergence fraction, and scanning angle) and vertical forest structure variables. Along continuous and closed forest vertical gradients, the indirect angle impact is negative for the upper canopy and positive for the understory. Three-dimensional vegetation measurements were created using multiangle LiDAR data. In conclusion, this article (1) addresses the angular effect in UAV-LS; and (2) discusses how the angular effect affects 3D vegetation parameters such as LAIe, demonstrates the nonlinear trend of the angular effect, and demonstrates how multiangle LiDAR data can be used to obtain 3D vegetation parameters. This study serves as a reference for reducing the uncertainty in simulations of the angular effect and vegetation light transmission, in addition to the uncertainty in analyses of the vegetation characteristics determined by UAV-LS (e.g., the uncertainty of LAIe).
Assessment of Possible Production Leakage from Implementing the EU Biodiversity Strategy on Forest Product Markets
Authors: Schier Franziska , Iost Susanne , Seintsch Björn , Weimar Holger , Dieter Matthias
Published: August 2022

The EU Biodiversity Strategy (EUBDS) for 2030 aims at regaining biodiversity by strengthening the protection of nature in the European Union. This study models and analyses possible impacts of the EUBDS on the production and trade of forest-based products in the EU and non-EU countries in two alternative scenarios. Implementing EUBDS measures would allow a maximum EU roundwood production of roughly 281 M m3 in 2030 in the intensive and 490 M m3 in the moderate scenario. Since in the reference scenario, the EU roundwood production amounts to 539 M m3 in 2030, this represent a reduction of −48% and −9% in 2030, respectively. Until 2050, the production further decreases and accounts for 42% and 90% of the reference production. Globally, the EU roundwood production deficit is compensated partly (roughly between 50%–60%) by increasing production of roundwood in non-EU countries (e.g., USA, Russia, Canada, China and Brazil) whereas the remaining share of the EU production deficit is no longer produced and consumed worldwide. In the EU, reduced roundwood availability leads to a lower production of wood-based products, although, apparent consumption of wood-based products remains similar. This is mainly caused by significantly lower export volumes of wood-based products and, for some product groups, by significantly increased imports as well. This is partly due to unchanged assumptions regarding income and thus, demand patterns. However, on a global level, decreased production and consumption of wood-based products could lead to a growing use of non-bio-based resources to substitute wood-products. Our study also shows that the magnitude of effects strongly depends on how much the use of forest resources is actually restricted.
Structural Characterization and Functional Properties of Flaxseed Hydrocolloids and Their Application
Authors: Lorenc František , Jarošová Markéta , Bedrníček Jan , Smetana Pavel , Bárta Jan
Published: August 2022

Flaxseed is an excellent source of valuable nutrients and is also considered a functional food. There are two types of hydrocolloids in flaxseed: flaxseed gum and proteins. Flaxseed gum exhibits emulsifying and foaming activities or can be used as a thickening and gelling agent. Due to its form of soluble fiber, flaxseed gum is related to many health benefits. Flaxseed proteins have various functional properties based on their physicochemical properties. While albumins possess the emulsion-forming ability, globulins better serve as foaming agents. Flaxseed proteins may also serve as a source of functional peptides with interesting biological and health-related activities. Functional properties and health-related benefits predetermine the application of these hydrocolloids, mainly in the food industry or medicine. Although these properties of flaxseed hydrocolloids have been recently and extensively studied, they are still not widely used on the industrial scale compared to other popular plant gums and proteins. The aim of this review was to present, discuss and highlight the recent discoveries in the structural characteristics and functional and biological properties of these versatile hydrocolloids with respect to factors affecting their characteristics and offer new insights into their potential applications as comparable alternatives to the other natural hydrocolloids or as the sources of novel functional products.
Preparation, Characterization, and Application of Modified Starch/Chitosan/Sweet Orange Oil Microcapsules
Authors: Qiu Liang , Ma Hui , Luo Qinghua , Bai Chan , Xiong Guangquan , Jin Shiwei , Wang Juguang , Zu Xiaoyan , Li Hailan , Liao Tao
Published: August 2022

Aquatic products have an important role in global agriculture, but the challenges associated with preservation have limited their marketability. Essential oil (EO), such as sweet orange oil (SOEO), has been widely used for preservation due to its excellent antibacterial ability. However, the volatilization of EO limits its application in food preservation. In this study, SOEO was extracted from sweet orange peel by steam distillation and then stored in microcapsules. The components of the microcapsules were as follows: the porous starch was chosen as an adsorbed substrate to store SOEO (PS/SOEO), and sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CMCS) were used as shell material to delay the volatilization of SOEO using the sharp pore coagulation method. Our results showed that the main antibacterial ingredients in SOEO were aldehydes (33.93%) and d-limonene (15.38%). The microcapsules were of an irregular shape (oval), and the size of the microcapsules was 1.2 ± 0.1 cm as measured by a digital micrometer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that there were a lot of pores on the surface of the starch after modification, but sodium alginate and chitosan could well encapsulate these pores. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis also showed that SOEO was successful encapsulated into the porous starch. The results of compression test and releasing kinetics studies suggested that CMCS and SA improved the mechanical and slow-releasing ability of SOEO microcapsules. The best antibacterial performance was obtained when 0.8 g of SOEO microcapsules was added. Finally, the shelf life of crawfish could be extended to 6 days by SOEO microcapsule (1/10 g, SOEO microcapsule/crawfish) under room temperature. These results provide a systematic understanding of the antibacterial capabilities of sweet orange essential oil microcapsules, which can contribute to the development of preservation methods for aquatic products.
Assessment and Prediction of Fish Freshness Using Mathematical Modelling: A Review
Authors: García Míriam R. , Ferez-Rubio Jose Antonio , Vilas Carlos
Published: August 2022

Fish freshness can be considered as the combination of different nutritional and organoleptic attributes that rapidly deteriorate after fish capture, i.e., during processing (cutting, gutting, packaging), storage, transport, distribution, and retail. The rate at which this degradation occurs is affected by several stress variables such as temperature, water activity, or pH, among others. The food industry is aware that fish freshness is a key feature influencing consumers’ willingness to pay for the product. Therefore, tools that allow rapid and reliable assessment and prediction of the attributes related to freshness are gaining relevance. The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive review of the mathematical models used to describe and predict the changes in the key quality indicators in fresh fish and shellfish during storage. The work also briefly describes such indicators, discusses the most relevant stress factors affecting the quality of fresh fish, and presents a bibliometric analysis of the results obtained from a systematic literature search on the subject.
Microbial Evaluation of Ozone Water Combined with Ultrasound Cleaning on Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii)
Authors: Ling Yuzhao , Tan Hongyuan , Shen Lingwei , Wei Lingyun , Xiong Guangquan , Wang Lan , Wu Wenjin , Qiao Yu
Published: August 2022

The effects of ozone water (OW) and ultrasound cleaning (UL) on microbial community diversity of crayfish were studied through microbial viable count and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that compared with the control (CK), the ozone water combined with ultrasound cleaning (OCU) showed a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic viable count (PVC), mesophilic viable count (MVC), Pseudomonas, hydrogen sulfide-producing bacteria (HSPB), molds and yeasts. Concretely, the TVC of the CK, OW, UL and OCU were 5.09, 4.55, 4.32 and 4.06 log CFU/g, respectively. The dominant bacterium in untreated crayfish was Chryseobacterium, and its relative abundance was reduced by combined treatment. Color measurement and sensory evaluation suggested that a satisfactory sensory experience could be obtained on the crayfish applied with OCU. In brief, OCU could be used as a cleaning strategy to control the microbial quality of crayfish and have no influence on its quality.
Can Groups Improve Expert Economic and Financial Forecasts?
Authors: Smith Warwick , Hanea Anca M. , Burgman Mark A.
Published: August 2022

Economic and financial forecasts are important for business planning and government policy but are notoriously challenging. We take advantage of recent advances in individual and group judgement, and a data set of economic and financial forecasts compiled over 25 years, consisting of multiple individual and institutional estimates, to test the claim that nominal groups will make more accurate economic and financial forecast than individuals. We validate the forecasts using the subsequent published (real) outcomes, explore the performance of nominal groups against institutions, identify potential superforecasters and discuss the benefits of implementing structured judgment techniques to improve economic and financial forecasts.
Pioneering Black African American Women Chemists and Pharmacists
Authors: Núñez Valdés Juan , Pablos Pons Fernando de , Ramos Carrillo Antonio
Published: August 2022

It is assumed that the history of modern science in Africa began between the last two decades of the 19th century and the first two or three of the 20th century [...]
The Operating Parameters, Structural Composition, and Fuel Sustainability Aspects of PEM Fuel Cells: A Mini Review
Authors: Tawalbeh Muhammad , Alarab Suma , Al-Othman Amani , Javed Rana Muhammad Nauman
Published: August 2022

This mini review discusses the sustainability aspects of various fuels for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). PEMFCs operate by converting the chemical energy in a fuel into electrical energy. The most crucial parameters in the operation process are the temperature, pressure, relative humidity, and air stoichiometry ratio, as presented in this work. The classical structure of a PEMFC consists of a proton exchange membrane, anode electrode, cathode electrode, catalyst layers (CLs), microporous layer (MPLs), gas diffusion layers (GDLs), two bipolar plates (BPs), and gas flow channels (GFCs). The mechanical behavior and the conductivity of the protons are highly dependent on the structure of the MEAs. This review discusses the various fuels and their production paths from sustainable sources. For the fuel production process to be renewable and sustainable, a hydrogen electrolyzer could be powered from solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, or hydroelectric energy, to produce hydrogen, which in turn could be fed into the fuel cell. This paper also reviews biomass-based routes for sustainable fuel production.
Determination of the Stray Light-Induced Noise from the Baffle in the Cryogenic Trapping Area of Advanced Virgo in O5
Authors: Romero-Rodríguez Alba , Martínez Mario , Mir Lluïsa M. , Yamamoto Hiroaki
Published: August 2022

As part of the Advanced Virgo upgrade for the O5 observation run in 2026, a more powerful laser and larger end mirrors in the Fabry–Perot cavities will be installed. The new optical configuration will increase the laser beam waist in the cryogenic trapping area close to the end towers. This could require enlarging the apertures in the vacuum pipe, now dictated by the presence of a baffle, in order to avoid beam clipping and noise due to coupling with baffle vibrations, potentially leading to a significant background to the gravitational-wave signals. This is a delicate operation that would require displacing the cryotrap and the end tower. In this study, we compute the expected back-scattering from the existing cryogenic trap baffle and compare it to the expected Virgo sensitivity in O5 to determine whether the existing hardware configuration constitutes a threat for the future performance of the detector.
The “Diabetes Comorbidome”: A Different Way for Health Professionals to Approach the Comorbidity Burden of Diabetes
Authors: Corrao Salvatore , Natoli Giuseppe , Nobili Alessandro , Mannucci Pier , Perticone Francesco , Arcoraci Vincenzo , Argano Christiano
Published: August 2022

(1) Background: The disease burden related to diabetes is increasing greatly, particularly in older subjects. A more comprehensive approach towards the assessment and management of diabetes’ comorbidities is necessary. The aim of this study was to implement our previous data identifying and representing the prevalence of the comorbidities, their association with mortality, and the strength of their relationship in hospitalized elderly patients with diabetes, developing, at the same time, a new graphic representation model of the comorbidome called “Diabetes Comorbidome”. (2) Methods: Data were collected from the RePoSi register. Comorbidities, socio-demographic data, severity and comorbidity indexes (Cumulative Illness rating Scale CIRS-SI and CIRS-CI), and functional status (Barthel Index), were recorded. Mortality rates were assessed in hospital and 3 and 12 months after discharge. (3) Results: Of the 4714 hospitalized elderly patients, 1378 had diabetes. The comorbidities distribution showed that arterial hypertension (57.1%), ischemic heart disease (31.4%), chronic renal failure (28.8%), atrial fibrillation (25.6%), and COPD (22.7%), were the more frequent in subjects with diabetes. The graphic comorbidome showed that the strongest predictors of death at in hospital and at the 3-month follow-up were dementia and cancer. At the 1-year follow-up, cancer was the first comorbidity independently associated with mortality. (4) Conclusions: The “Diabetes Comorbidome” represents the perfect instrument for determining the prevalence of comorbidities and the strength of their relationship with risk of death, as well as the need for an effective treatment for improving clinical outcomes.
“Diffused Geoparks”: Territorial Integration as Solution for a Shared Sustainable Growth Based on Geotourism in Italy, Japan and Tunisia
Authors: Varriale Roberta , Genovese Laura , Aldighieri Barbara
Published: August 2022

The concept of a UNESCO Global Geopark (UGGp) itself implies that the integration of geological, biological and anthropogenic factors and related values, both tangible and intangible, are at the base of any interpretation, communication, educative practices and enhancement aiming at strengthening the sense of place in local communities, as well as guiding those areas toward sustainable economic growth. However, the measures and good practices codified for UGGps limit their impact on the properties’ boundaries, sometimes neglecting the strong natural, social and cultural link between the listed areas, their surroundings and other serial geosites. The paper introduces a five-step study on selected examples of Geoparks and geosites in Italy, Japan and Tunisia, sometimes also including areas inscribed in the UNESCO list as cultural sites, focusing on the possible role of UGGps as drivers for sustainable development of geotourism. The research considers the contextualization of UNESCO UGGps within a broader territorial scale, introducing the concept of Diffused Geopark as a new opportunity in protection and management practices and as a driver for local economies and internationalization of lesser-known contexts.
Bio-Management of Root-Knot Nematodes on Cucumber Using Biocidal Effects of Some Brassicaceae Crops
Authors: El-Remaly Eman , Osman Ahmed A. , El-Gawad Hany G. Abd , Althobaiti Fayez , Albogami Sarah , Dessoky Eldessoky S. , El-Mogy Mohamed M.
Published: August 2022

Biofumigant and crop sequencing are effective and safe control system activators that maintain soil fertility and reduce pest populations. The study goals were to find new pesticide-free therapies for root-knot nematode management on cucumbers to maintain high yields and protect the environment and human health. In 2018 and 2019, the research employed a fully randomized block design under field conditions with five treatments and control: two bio- fumigants, cultivation of cucumber after broccoli plantlets incorporation (BPI) and radish plantlets incorporation (RPI), two crop sequence treatments (cultivation after broccoli (BCS) and radish (RCS), and nematicide treatment). Cucumber cultivation after BPI treatment exhibited the best horticultural traits, which reflected positively on early and total productivity. The increased yield was gained by suppressing all nematode parameters, the number of nematode larvae, galls, and egg masses, as well as egg hatching reduction. The most effective biocides, total phenols, myrosinase activity, total glucosinolates (GSLs), and isothiocyanates (ITCs) in brassica crops were estimated for their pesticide properties. The highest amount was released with BPI treatment, compared to adult plants and radish in its two stages. The bio-managed treatments revealed superior effectiveness compared to nematicide application and control to suppress the nematode population while enhancing cucumber growth and production.
Biology, Diagnostics, Pathogenomics and Mitigation Strategies of Jackfruit-Bronzing Bacterium Pantoea stewartii subspecies stewartii: What Do We Know So Far about This Culprit?
Authors: Ibrahim Rohaya , Ismail Siti Izera , Ina-Salwany Md Yasin , Zulperi Dzarifah
Published: August 2022

Jackfruit-bronzing disease, caused by Pantoea stewartii subsp. stewartii, has recently become more common in the jackfruit crop. Jackfruit-bronzing disease was first discovered in the Philippines in 2014 and spread to Malaysia and Mexico in 2017. Outbreaks of the disease reduced the quality of fresh jackfruit, lowered the market value of local jackfruit, and caused yield losses to the production and financial setbacks to the processors. This disease is more aggressive toward jackfruits with a sweeter flavor and high Brix composition. Symptoms are observable when the fruit is cut open, indicated by the appearance of rusty specks and yellowish-orange to reddish discoloration of the infected pulps and rags. Extensive research is needed to better understand the pathogen’s nature and pathogenicity, supporting future disease prevention and recognition of the pathogen-host interaction. This review explores the significance of the jackfruit-bronzing bacterium, its biology, diagnostics, and pathogenomics, emphasizing the pathogen’s virulence and the management strategies to mitigate this disease. Understanding this destructive bacterium will guide growers and agricultural practitioners to develop the most efficient and sustainable jackfruit-bronzing control methods.
Identification and Expression Analysis of CKX Gene Family in Brassica juncea var. tumida and Their Functional Analysis in Stem Development
Authors: Li Mengyao , Zhou Jin , Gong Li , Zhang Ran , Wang Yan , Wang Chao , Du Xiaoming , Luo Ya , Zhang Yong , Wang Xiaorong , Tang Haoru
Published: August 2022

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX) is a specific enzyme affecting plant growth, development, and yield by mediating the metabolism of endogenous cytokinins in a dual catalytic mode. This study aims to reveal the distribution and associated properties of CKX gene family members in the whole genome of Brassica juncea, lay a theoretical basis for further exploration of the biological function of BjuCKX genes, and provide genetic resources to improve the breeding quality of B. juncea. We screened BjuCKX genes with typical FAD-binding and CK binding domains and identified them using bioinformatics methods. In addition, we analyzed physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationship, gene structure, conservative motif, cis-acting element of promoter, and expression pattern of BjuCKX gene family members. Endogenous hormone levels (GA3, ZR, IAA, ABA, BR and MeJA) were also determined in different developmental periods using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 23 BjuCKX genes were identified, and they were renamed BjuCKX01~BjuCKX23. Further analysis revealed that the amino acid number of 23 BjuCKX proteins ranged from 333 to 1337 aa, the molecular weight ranged 36.58 to 148.49 kDa, whereas the theoretical isoelectric point ranged from 4.94 to 9.10. The phylogenetic tree clustering analysis can group family members into four subgroups. Collinearity analysis revealed that genes were not evenly distributed on the chromosome, with a pair of tandem repeats. Meanwhile, BjuCKX genes located on each chromosome revealed cross collinearity caused by fragment replication. The genes were more conserved in structure. In the upstream region of promoter, there were several cis-acting elements, including plant growth and development, hormone response, and biological and abiotic stress. Combined with transcriptome data, BjuCKX gene expression has been demonstrated to be different at varying developmental stages of the stem. RT-qPCR further confirmed that BjuCKX genes were involved in stem development and affects growth by regulating endogenous hormone levels.
Stigma, Discrimination and Disclosure of the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis in the Workplace: A Systematic Review
Authors: Vitturi Bruno Kusznir , Rahmani Alborz , Dini Guglielmo , Montecucco Alfredo , Debarbieri Nicoletta , Bandiera Paolo , Ponzio Michela , Battaglia Mario Alberto , Persechino Benedetta , Inglese Matilde , Durando Paolo
Published: August 2022

The objective of the study was to describe and analyze the stigma, discrimination and the disclosure of the diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in the workplace. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022320437). We systematically searched four scientific databases with key search terms. We included any original peer-reviewed articles reporting the stigma or discrimination experienced at work due to MS or the disclosure of the diagnosis of MS in the workplace. No time limits were set for the search. An appraisal of the individual study quality was performed with the JBI critical appraisal checklist. Overall, 26 studies were deemed to fulfil all the eligibility criteria. The total number of participants in this review was 9571. The prevalence of people with MS who experience some degree of stigma in the workplace can be as high as 79.2%. Those who report greater feelings of discrimination are more likely to be unemployed. The prevalence of employers’ and co-workers’ awareness of the diagnosis varies from 31.7 to 90.2%. The main reason for non-disclosure is the fear of being discriminated against. The psychosocial work environment needs to be taken into consideration as part of public and individual policies to promote the health of patients with MS.
Exposure to Green, Blue and Historic Environments and Mental Well-Being: A Comparison between Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Display and Flat Screen Exposure
Authors: Reece Rebecca , Bornioli Anna , Bray Isabelle , Newbutt Nigel , Satenstein David , Alford Chris
Published: August 2022

Improving the mental health of urban residents is a global public health priority. This study builds on existing work that demonstrates the ability of virtual exposure to restorative environments to improve population mental health. It compares the restorative effects of green, blue and historic environments delivered by both flat screen and immersive virtual reality technology, and triangulates data from psychological, physiological and qualitative sources. Results from the subjective measure analyses showed that exposures to all the experimental videos were associated with self-reported reduced anxiety and improved mood, although the historic environment was associated with a smaller reduction of anxiety (p < 0.01). These results were supported by the qualitative accounts. For two of the electroencephalography (EEG) frequency bands, higher levels of activity were observed for historic environments. In relation to the mode of delivery, the subjective measures did not suggest any effect, while for the EEG analyses there was evidence of a significant effect of technology across three out of four frequency bands. In conclusion, this study adds to the evidence that the benefits of restorative environments can be delivered through virtual exposure and suggests that virtual reality may provide greater levels of immersion than flat screen viewing.
Existential and Spiritual Attitudes of Polish Medical and Nursing Staff towards Death
Authors: Zdziarski Krzysztof , Zabielska Paulina , Wieder-Huszla Sylwia , Bąk Iwona , Cheba Katarzyna , Głowacka Mariola , Karakiewicz Beata
Published: August 2022

Issues related to death are difficult areas of human existence and are most often considered in terms of ethical or non-ethical behaviour. The aim of the research was to examine the attitudes of Polish medical and nursing personnel towards death. The research was conducted among medical (110 people) and nursing staff (110 people) working in Polish hospitals and representing 16 regions. The Questionnaire About Attitudes to Death (DAP-R-PL) was used. The attitude of medical staff, taking into account the holistic approach to the patient in his existential–spiritual dimension, is an extremely important element of professional care. The study outlines the attitudes of medical and nursing staff towards death. Medical personnel under examination demonstrate a mature attitude towards death. In light of this research, health care workers show great commitment to helping dying people with existential and spiritual needs.
Seasonally Dependent Change of the Number of Fractures after 50 Years of Age in Poland—Analysis of Combined Health Care and Climate Datasets
Authors: Jedynasty Kinga , Zięba Mariusz , Adamski Jakub , Czech Marcin , Głuszko Piotr , Gozdowski Dariusz , Szypowska Agnieszka , Śliwczyński Andrzej , Walicka Magdalena , Franek Edward
Published: August 2022

Aim: The incidence of fractures correlates with many independent and interrelated factors. The aim of the study was to examine trends in fracture incidence and to find possible reasons for changes. Materials and methods: A complete dataset of Polish population aged above 50 from the National Heath Fund—which is a single, state-owned payer for the health service procedures in Poland—covering the years between 2010 and 2015 was analyzed along with climate dataset. Results: The analysis indicated that there was a substantial and statistically significant decrease in the incidence of forearm and hip fractures (p = 0.007 and 0.007, respectively). On the other side, there was a statistically significant increase in incidence of humerus and lumbar fractures (p = 0.002, p < 0.001, respectively). The observed changes (especially decrease in forearm and hip fracture incidence) happened mostly in the cold season and were correlated to mean-temperature changes during the assessed time period. Conclusion: In the analysis based on the dataset obtained from fracture-related database collected in Poland in the years 2010–2015 in the population of patients over 50 years of age, we observed that the changes of fracture incidence during the observation period are associated with and may be dependent on the season (warmer versus colder) and on mean temperature increase during the observation period.
Proof of Concept of a 6-Month Person-Oriented Exercise Intervention ‘MultiPill-Exercise’ among Patients at Risk of or with Multiple Chronic Diseases: Results of a One-Group Pilot Trial
Authors: Schweda Simone , Munz Barbara , Burgstahler Christof , Niess Andreas Michael , Roesel Inka , Sudeck Gorden , Krauss Inga
Published: August 2022

Physical exercise has been shown to be effective in the treatment of non-communicable chronic diseases. However, patients with multiple chronic diseases (multimorbidity) have received little attention in health policy. This pilot trial served as a proof of concept of a 6-months person-oriented exercise intervention for people at risk of or with diagnosed cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, overweight and/or hip/knee osteoarthritis, regarding effects on health outcomes as well as adherence and safety. The intervention (‘MultiPill-Exercise’) was designed to promote physical exercise participation, considering an individual perspective by addressing personal and environmental factors. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (t0) and after three- (t3) and six-months (t6). The primary outcome was self-reported physical exercise participation in minutes/week comparing t3 and t6 vs. t0. Secondary outcomes included cardio-respiratory fitness (maximum oxygen uptake VO2peak during incremental cycling ergometry), isometric peak torque of knee extensors and flexors, health-related quality of life (Veterans Rand 12 with its subscales of perceived general health (GH), mental health (MCS), and physical health (PCS)) and blood levels. Adherence to exercise (% of attended sessions during the first 12-weeks of the intervention) and adverse events were monitored as well. Data were analyzed using a non-parametric procedure for longitudinal data, estimating rank means (MRank) and relative treatment effects (RTE) as well as linear-mixed effect models for parametric data. The primary endpoint of physical exercise participation was significantly higher at t3 and t6 compared to baseline (t3 vs. t0: MRank = 77.1, p < 0.001, RTE: 0.66; t6 vs. t0: MRank = 70.6, p < 0.001, RTE = 0.60). Improvements at both follow-up time points compared to t0 were also found for relative VO2peak (t3 vs. t0 = 2.6 mL/kg/min, p < 0.001; t6 vs. t0 = 2.0 mL/kg/min, p = 0.001), strength of knee extensors (t3 vs. t0 = 11.7 Nm, p = 0.007; t6 vs. t0= 18.1 Nm, p < 0.001) and GH (t3 vs. t0 = 16.2, p = 0.003; t6 vs. t0 = 13.4, p = 0.008). No changes were found for MCS, PCS and for blood levels. Overall exercise adherence was 77%. No serious adverse events were recorded. Results of this pilot trial represent a first proof of concept for the intervention ‘MultiPill-Exercise’ that will now be implemented and evaluated in a real-world health care setting.
Indoor Household Exposures and Associated Morbidity and Mortality Outcomes in Children and Adults in South Africa
Authors: Morakinyo Oyewale Mayowa , Mokgobu Matlou Ingrid
Published: August 2022

Human exposure to indoor pollution is one of the most well-established ways that housing affects health. We conducted a review to document evidence on the morbidity and mortality outcomes associated with indoor household exposures in children and adults in South Africa. The authors conducted a scientific review of the publicly available literature up to April 2022 using different search engines (PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar) to identify the literature that assessed the link between indoor household exposures and morbidity and mortality outcomes in children and adults. A total of 16 studies with 16,920 participants were included. Bioaerosols, allergens, dampness, tobacco smoking, household cooking and heating fuels, particulate matter, gaseous pollutants and indoor spray residue play a significant role in different morbidity outcomes. These health outcomes include dental caries, asthma, tuberculosis, severe airway inflammation, airway blockage, wheeze, rhinitis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, phlegm on the chest, current rhinoconjunctivitis, hay fever, poor early life immune function, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational hypertension, and increased incidence of nasopharyngeal bacteria, which may predispose people to lower respiratory tract infections. The findings of this research highlight the need for more initiatives, programs, strategies, and policies to better reduce the negative consequences of indoor household exposures.
Transport Infrastructure, High-Quality Development and Industrial Pollution: Fresh Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Xiaole , Dong Feng , Pan Yuling , Liu Yajie
Published: August 2022

To achieve high-quality development, transport infrastructure will play a crucial role in China’s economic growth, but its damage to the ecological environment has not been paid enough attention. This study was based on panel data for 30 Chinese provinces for the period of 2004–2017. A comprehensive index system for high-quality development based on the new development concept was developed. This high-quality development index used the entropy weight method and integrated transport infrastructure, high-quality development, and industrial pollution into a comprehensive framework, and systematically examined the effects of transport infrastructure and high-quality development on industrial pollution emissions. It was found that transport infrastructure significantly contributed to industrial pollution emissions, and there was a regional heterogeneity and time lag, with high-quality development and industrial pollution having an inverted “U”-shaped relationship. Further analysis showed that transport infrastructure significantly affected high-quality development and industrial pollution through industrial agglomeration, reduced the inhibitory effect on high-quality development by promoting industrial agglomeration, and reduced industrial pollution emissions by promoting industrial agglomeration.
Occupational Stress in Chinese Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study of Doctoral Supervisors
Authors: Wang Xueyu
Published: August 2022

This qualitative study is intended to explore the factors that contribute to the occupational stress suffered by Chinese doctoral supervisors and the kind of measures needed to effectively address the issue. Through purposive and snowballing sampling, 30 Chinese doctoral supervisors in different disciplines of natural science and social science were selected. A semi-structured interview protocol was used, and the data were analyzed based on grounded theory methodology. Chinese doctoral supervisors experienced varied stressors of nuanced nature, which could be categorized into two core categories, i.e., performance-appraisal-related factors and Ph.D. student-related factors, which were further divided into 18 subcategories and 10 higher-level categories. Chinese doctoral supervisors are under various sources of stress, corroborating with and reinforcing previous research findings in respect to occupational stress worldwide. Through the analysis of the stress triggers, suggestions are presented in regard to what mental health professionals and educational policy makers can do to address the issue of concern for doctoral supervisors.
Behavioral Patterns of Depression Patients and Control Population
Authors: Carreira-Míguez María , Navarro-Jiménez Eduardo , Clemente-Suárez Vicente Javier
Published: August 2022

Behavioral and multifactorial factors, such as psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity habits, are factors that control depression. The objective of the present study was to analyze the differences in the behavioral, psychological, nutritional, dental pathology, and physical activity patterns of the depressed and control population. Forty-eight participants with depression (45.7 ± 12.0) and one hundred participants in a control group without any pathology or medication (48.9 ± 7.9) were interviewed using an online questionnaire. The multifactorial items of psychology, oral behavior, nutritional habits, and physical activity profile were analyzed through a set of questionnaires. The results showed how the depression group showed significantly higher psychological measures related to personality, anxiety, depression, loneliness, perceived stress, and psychological inflexibility than the control group. The control group showed significantly higher weekly vitality, vitality at the end of the week, weekly frequency of juice, wine, coffee, fresh vegetable salad, and Bristol scale than the depression group. Higher values of migraine headache, weekly soft drink frequency, and digestion after meals were found in the depression group. In addition, patients with depression also presented poor dental health, presenting higher rates of gastritis or heartburn, dry mouth, dental sensitivity, and sick days per year than the control group. Both groups presented a pattern of low physical activity. This information allows a better understanding of a multifactorial disease, as well as the creation of intervention and prevention protocols for this disease at a behavioral and lifestyle level.
Barriers Involved in the Safety Management Systems: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Qiao Weiliang , Huang Enze , Guo Hongtongyang , Liu Yang , Ma Xiaoxue
Published: August 2022

Safety barriers are widely accepted in various industries as effective risk management tools to prevent hazardous events and mitigate the consequences caused by these events. Studies on safety barriers have been increasing in recent decades; therefore, the general idea of this article is to present a systematic review of the field. The purpose of this article is threefold: (1) to map various networks for the barrier-related articles collected from WoS; (2) to summarize the advances of the safety barrier at both the individual level and barrier management level on the basis of six issues, and (3) to propose the research perspectives associated with safety barriers considering the latest theories and methodologies in the field of safety management. Based on the findings and insights obtained from the literature collected by a bibliometric and systematic review, studies on barrier management within the complex socio-technical system are analyzed, and the framework of “risk-barrier capacity” is proposed for future development, in which the challenges stemming from industrial intelligence may be solved through resilience theory. Meanwhile, intelligent technologies are also able to serve as health status monitoring devices for various barrier elements.
The Impact Relationships between Scientific and Technological Innovation, Industrial Structure Advancement and Carbon Footprints in China Based on the PVAR Model
Authors: Dai Shengli , Wang Yingying , Zhang Weimin
Published: August 2022

As one of the three major engines of economic growth in China, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration has become one of the regions with the highest energy consumption intensity. To investigate the dynamic relationships between scientific and technological innovation, industrial structure advancement and carbon footprints, panel data in BTH from 2006 to 2019 was selected, and a Panel Vector Auto-Regressive (PVAR) model was established to conduct an empirical study. The conclusions show that there is a causal relationship between the industrial structure advancement and carbon footprints, and the influence of each on the other is significant. The impact of scientific and technological innovation on carbon footprints has a “rebound effect”. Scientific and technological innovation can accelerate the process of industrial structure advancement. Carbon footprints have a significant backward forcing effect on both industrial structure advancement and scientific and technological innovation, with impact coefficients of 0.0671 and 0.2120, respectively. Compared with scientific and technological innovation, the industrial structure advancement has a greater impact on carbon footprints, with a variance contribution of 25.4%. The research findings are conducive to providing policy support for the coordinated development of BTH and promoting the realization of the Double Carbon goal.
Sex Differences in Traditional School Bullying Perpetration and Victimization among Adolescents: A Chain-Mediating Effect
Authors: Yang Minqi , Guo Hanxiao , Chu Meimei , Leng Chongle , Qu Chunyu , Tian Kexin , Jing Yuying , Xu Mengge , Guo Xicheng , Yang Liuqi , Li Xiaomeng
Published: August 2022

The study explored sex differences in traditional school bullying perpetration and victimization among Chinese adolescents and the effects of Machiavellianism and school climate. Data were collected from 727 adolescents (M = 16.8 years, SD = 0.9) who completed the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, Kiddie Machiavellian Scale, and School Climate Perception Questionnaire. Results showed: (1) boys were more likely to bully others and be bullied; (2) both Machiavellianism and school climate partially mediated sex differences in school bullying perpetration and victimization; (3) the chain-mediating effect of Machiavellianism and school climate on sex differences in bullying perpetration and victimization was significant. These results provide insight into the sex differences in Chinese traditional school bullying perpetration and victimization. The implications are interpreted and discussed.
The Lack of Ireland’s Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) Regulation Viewed under the Lens of the Patient’s Experience
Authors: Ronan Lauraine , McDermott Olivia , Butler Mary , Trubetskaya Anna
Published: August 2022

Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) treatment is unregulated in Ireland, although it is practised there. Within Europe, Ireland is one of the only European countries without any form of AHR-specific regulation. This study aims to investigate the experiences and viewpoints of Irish women undergoing AHR treatments and establish if the lack of legislation is affecting these experiences. A quantitative survey was carried out on women undergoing AHR treatment in Irish clinics. Patients highlighted a lack of information in terms of end-to-end care and poor information around treatments and success rates. Key issues highlighted included unanticipated high treatment costs and add-on treatment costs, lack of financial support from the government, no redress process in the event of dissatisfaction, and generally an overall feeling of a lack of support both from the AHR clinics and the Irish government. This study offers a real-time view of the Irish AHR system from the patient’s experience of AHR and under the lens of the lack of a legislative system. In early 2022, the Irish government announced that it would adopt its bill around AHR treatment and that subsidies for AHR treatment are to come into effect, which will alleviate some financial pressures on patients. Further studies of the legislation carried out post implementation will provide more information about the impact of having a legislated AHR process on the patients.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction through Technological Innovation: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Provinces
Authors: Liu Yanran , Tang Lei , Liu Guangfu
Published: August 2022

Energy consumption and industrial activities are the primary sources of carbon emissions. As the “world’s factory” and the largest carbon emitter, China has been emphasizing the core role of technological innovation in promoting industrial structure upgrades (ISU) and energy efficiency (EE) to reduce carbon emissions from industrial production and energy consumption. This study investigated the mechanism (through ISU and EE) and spillover effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction using the panel dataset of 30 Chinese provinces from 2008 to 2019 and spatial econometrics models. The study concluded that (1) technological innovation had a negative direct effect on provincial carbon emissions, while it also showed a spatial spillover effect on neighboring provinces; (2) technological innovation had an indirect effect on provincial carbon emissions reduction through the mediation of energy efficiency improvement, while the mediation effect of industrial structure upgrading is not yet significant; and (3) the effect of technological innovation on carbon emission reduction showed heterogeneity in the eastern, central, and western regions of China. This study provided empirical and theoretical references to decision-makers in China and other developing countries in promoting technological and carbon control policies. More specifically, direct technology investment and indirect investment in industrial structure upgrades and energy efficiency could help with regional carbon emissions reduction.
Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 Serology Testing and Pandemic Anxiety: A Study of Pediatric Healthcare Workers
Authors: Li Natasha , Martin Sarah R. , Heyming Theodore W. , Knudsen-Robbins Chloe , Sanger Terence , Kain Zeev N.
Published: August 2022

Background: Limited access to SARS-CoV-2 testing has been identified as a potential source of anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs), but the impact of repeated testing on pandemic-related anxiety in pediatric HCWs has not been examined. We sought to understand the impact of repeated SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing on pediatric HCWs’ COVID-19 anxiety. Methods: This longitudinal cohort study was conducted between April and July 2020. Participants, 362 pediatric HCWs, underwent rapid SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing either every 96 h or weekly and were asked to rate their COVID-19 anxiety on a visual analog scale. Changes in self-reported anxiety from the study baseline were calculated for each testing day response. Bivariate analyses, repeated measures, and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine demographics associated with changes in anxiety. Results: Baseline COVID-19 anxiety was significantly higher in HCWs with less than 10 years of experience (Z = −2.63, p = 0.009), in females compared to males (Z = −3.66 p < 0.001), and in nurses compared to other HCWs (F (3,302) = 6.04, p = 0.003). After excluding participants who received a positive test result, repeated measures analyses indicated that anxiety decreased over time (F (5,835) = 3.14, p = 0.008). Of the HCWs who reported decreased anxiety, 57 (29.8%) had a clinically meaningful decrease (≥30%) and Emergency Department (ED) HCWs were 1.97 times more likely to report a clinically meaningful decrease in anxiety (X2 (1) = 5.05, p = 0.025). Conclusions: The results suggest that repeated SARS-CoV-2 antibody serology testing is associated with decreased COVID-19 anxiety in HCWs. Routine screening for the disease may be a helpful strategy in attenuating pandemic-related anxiety in pediatric HCWs.