bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is There a Place for Anthropology in Social Science History?
Authors: Kasakoff Alice Bee
Published: July 2021

Imagine a fourfold table in which one dimension is “present versus past” and the other “exotic versus home.” Traditionally, social and cultural anthropology’s domain has been the exotic’s present and history’s domain the home’s past. A third box, the home’s present, has been occupied by sociology, while the fourth, the exotic’s past, has usually been the province of anthropologists too because other disciplines—with the exception, perhaps, of ethnohistorians—are usually even less interested in exotic peoples’ past than in their present. These domains are now in flux. I argue, in what follows, that only when the oversimplified ideas about time and space that have created them are seriously questioned will anthropology find a secure “place” in social science history.
Russian–German five-year-olds: What omissions in sentence repetition tell us about linguistic knowledge, memory skills and their interrelation
Authors: STADTMILLER Elizabeth , LINDNER Katrin , SÜSS Assunta , GAGARINA Natalia
Published: July 2021

In error analyses using sentence repetition data, most authors focus on word types of omissions. The current study considers serial order in omission patterns independent of functional categories. Data was collected from Russian and German sentence repetition tasks performed by 53 five-year-old bilingual children. Number and positions of word omissions were analyzed. Serial order effects were found in both languages: medial errors made up the largest percentage of errors. Then, the position of omissions was compared to visuo-verbal n-back working memory and non-verbal visual forward short-term memory scores using stepwise hierarchical linear regression models, taking into account demographic variables and receptive language. The interaction differed between languages: there was a significant negative association between omissions in the medial position in German and the final position in Russian and the visuo-verbal n-back memory score. Our study contributes to the understanding of how working memory and language are intertwined in sentence repetition.
Quantification of Trace-Level Silicon Doping in AlxGa1–xN Films Using Wavelength-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis
Authors: Spasevski Lucia , Buse Ben , Edwards Paul R. , Hunter Daniel A. , Enslin Johannes , Foronda Humberto M. , Wernicke Tim , Mehnke Frank , Parbrook Peter J. , Kneissl Michael , Martin Robert W.
Published: July 2021

Wavelength-dispersive X-ray (WDX) spectroscopy was used to measure silicon atom concentrations in the range 35–100 ppm [corresponding to (3–9) × 1018 cm−3] in doped AlxGa1–xN films using an electron probe microanalyser also equipped with a cathodoluminescence (CL) spectrometer. Doping with Si is the usual way to produce the n-type conducting layers that are critical in GaN- and AlxGa1–xN-based devices such as LEDs and laser diodes. Previously, we have shown excellent agreement for Mg dopant concentrations in p-GaN measured by WDX with values from the more widely used technique of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). However, a discrepancy between these methods has been reported when quantifying the n-type dopant, silicon. We identify the cause of discrepancy as inherent sample contamination and propose a way to correct this using a calibration relation. This new approach, using a method combining data derived from SIMS measurements on both GaN and AlxGa1–xN samples, provides the means to measure the Si content in these samples with account taken of variations in the ZAF corrections. This method presents a cost-effective and time-saving way to measure the Si doping and can also benefit from simultaneously measuring other signals, such as CL and electron channeling contrast imaging.
Impact of Nutrient Additions on Free‐Living Nitrogen Fixation in Litter and Soil of Two French‐Guianese Lowland Tropical Forests
Authors: Van Langenhove Leandro , Depaepe Thomas , Verryckt Lore T. , Vallicrosa Helena , Fuchslueger Lucia , Lugli Laynara F. , Bréchet Laëtitia , Ogaya Roma , Llusia Joan , Urbina Ifigenia , Gargallo‐Garriga Albert , Grau Oriol , Richter Andreas , Penuelas Josep , Van Der Straeten Dominique , Janssens Ivan A.
Published: July 2021

In tropical forests, free‐living Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) in soil and litter tends to decrease when substrate N concentrations increase, whereas increasing phosphorus (P) and molybdenum (Mo) soil and litter concentrations have been shown to stimulate free‐living BNF rates. Yet, very few studies explored the effects of adding N, P, and Mo together in a single large‐scale fertilization experiment, which would teach us which of these elements constrain or limit BNF activities. At two distinct forest sites in French Guiana, we performed a 3‐year in situ nutrient addition study to explore the effects of N, P, and Mo additions on leaf litter and soil BNF. Additionally, we conducted a short‐term laboratory study with the same nutrient addition treatments (+N, +N+P, +P, +Mo, and +P+Mo). We found that N additions alone suppressed litter free‐living BNF in the field, but not in the short‐term laboratory study, while litter free‐living BNF remained unchanged in response to N+P additions. Additionally, we found that P and P+Mo additions stimulated BNF in leaf litter, both in the field and in the lab, while Mo alone yielded no changes. Soil BNF increased with P and P+Mo additions in only one of the field sites, while in the other site soil BNF increased with Mo and P+Mo additions. We concluded that increased substrate N concentrations suppress BNF. Moreover, both P and Mo have the potential to limit free‐living BNF in these tropical forests, but the balance between P versus Mo limitation is determined by site‐specific characteristics of nutrient supply and demand.
Hydroclimate Dipole Drives Multi‐Centennial Variability in the Western Tropical North Atlantic Margin During the Middle and Late Holocene
Authors: Sullivan Richard M. , van Hengstum Peter J. , Coats Sloan J. , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Tamalavage Anne E. , Winkler Tyler S. , Albury Nancy A.
Published: July 2021

Meridional shifts of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH) western edge create a dipole that drives hydroclimate variability in the southeastern United States and Caribbean region. Southwest displacements suppress rainfall in the southern Caribbean. Northwest displacements drive southeast United States and northern Caribbean drying. Projections for the 21st century suggest a more meridionally displaced NASH, which jeopardizes Caribbean island communities dependent on rain‐fed aquifers. While recent work indicates that Atlantic and Pacific Ocean‐atmosphere variability influenced the NASH during the instrumental period, little is known about NASH behavior and subsequent hydroclimate responses over longer timescales. To address this limitation, we developed a ∼6000‐years long rainfall record through the analysis of calcite raft deposits archived within sediments from a coastal sinkhole in the northeast Bahamas (Abaco Island). Increased (decreased) calcite raft deposition provides evidence for increased (decreased) rainfall driven by NASH variability. We use simulations from the Community Earth System Model to support this interpretation. These simulations improve our understanding of NASH behavior on timescales congruous with the reconstruction and suggest an important role for the state of the Pacific Ocean. Furthermore, model simulations and a compilation of regional hydroclimate reconstructions reveal that the NASH‐driven dipole dominates northern and southern Caribbean rainfall on centennial timescales. These results bring Holocene Caribbean hydroclimate variability into sharper focus while providing important context for present and future changes to regional climate. Additionally, this study highlights the need for improved future predictions of the state of the Pacific Ocean to best inform water scarcity mitigation strategies for at‐risk Caribbean communities.
Spatiotemporal Variations of Spring Indices in China and Their Physical Mechanisms
Authors: Yan Jingjing , Feng Song , Huang Wei , Yang Yujie , Xie Tingting
Published: July 2021

Spring indices refer to the onset date of Spring, which quantify the phenological events in Spring. The average spring index (Avg‐SI) is defined as the average of the first leaf index (the date of early spring) and the first bloom index (the date of late spring) in this study. This study calculated the Avg‐SI in China for 2,780 weather stations during 1951–2014. The long‐term mean Avg‐SI suggested that the spring onset gradually delayed with the increase of latitudes and altitudes. The long‐term trend indicated earlier onset of spring in nearly all sub‐regions in China. The spatiotemporal variations of Avg‐SI were analyzed using the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) method. The first EOF mode suggested a homogenous pattern across China. This mode is closely linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), which impacts the atmospheric circulation and temperature across Eurasia. Warm phase of AMO is associated with positive geopotential height (HGT) anomalies and warmer spring in China. The second EOF mode suggested a north‐south zonal pattern, which is linked to the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the East Asian Trough Strength. Positive phases of AO lead to positive HGT anomalies over the northern China but negative HGT anomalies over the southern China. Together they lead to a weaker East Asian Trough and less cold air intrusions to the northern China, which in turn cause earlier onset of spring in this region.
Effects of adiposity on the human plasma proteome: observational and Mendelian randomisation estimates
Authors: Goudswaard Lucy J. , Bell Joshua A. , Hughes David A. , Corbin Laura J. , Walter Klaudia , Davey Smith George , Soranzo Nicole , Danesh John , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Ouwehand Willem H. , Watkins Nicholas A. , Roberts David J. , Butterworth Adam S. , Hers Ingeborg , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: July 2021

Background

Variation in adiposity is associated with cardiometabolic disease outcomes, but mechanisms leading from this exposure to disease are unclear. This study aimed to estimate effects of body mass index (BMI) on an extensive set of circulating proteins.

Methods

We used SomaLogic proteomic data from up to 2737 healthy participants from the INTERVAL study. Associations between self-reported BMI and 3622 unique plasma proteins were explored using linear regression. These were complemented by Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses using a genetic risk score (GRS) comprised of 654 BMI-associated polymorphisms from a recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of adult BMI. A disease enrichment analysis was performed using DAVID Bioinformatics 6.8 for proteins which were altered by BMI.

Results

Observationally, BMI was associated with 1576 proteins (P < 1.4 × 10−5), with particularly strong evidence for a positive association with leptin and fatty acid-binding protein-4 (FABP4), and a negative association with sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). Observational estimates were likely confounded, but the GRS for BMI did not associate with measured confounders. MR analyses provided evidence for a causal relationship between BMI and eight proteins including leptin (0.63 standard deviation (SD) per SD BMI, 95% CI 0.48–0.79, P = 1.6 × 10−15), FABP4 (0.64 SD per SD BMI, 95% CI 0.46–0.83, P = 6.7 × 10−12) and SHBG (−0.45 SD per SD BMI, 95% CI −0.65 to −0.25, P = 1.4 × 10−5). There was agreement in the magnitude of observational and MR estimates (R2 = 0.33) and evidence that proteins most strongly altered by BMI were enriched for genes involved in cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for a broad impact of adiposity on the human proteome. Proteins strongly altered by BMI include those involved in regulating appetite, sex hormones and inflammation; such proteins are also enriched for cardiovascular disease-related genes. Altogether, results help focus attention onto new proteomic signatures of obesity-related disease.
Biological basis for novel mesothelioma therapies
Authors: Obacz Joanna , Yung Henry , Shamseddin Marie , Linnane Emily , Liu Xiewen , Azad Arsalan A. , Rassl Doris M. , Fairen-Jimenez David , Rintoul Robert C. , Nikolić Marko Z. , Marciniak Stefan J.
Published: July 2021

Mesothelioma is an aggressive cancer that is associated with exposure to asbestos. Although asbestos is banned in several countries, including the UK, an epidemic of mesothelioma is predicted to affect middle-income countries during this century owing to their heavy consumption of asbestos. The prognosis for patients with mesothelioma is poor, reflecting a failure of conventional chemotherapy that has ultimately resulted from an inadequate understanding of its biology. However, recent work has revolutionised the study of mesothelioma, identifying genetic and pathophysiological vulnerabilities, including the loss of tumour suppressors, epigenetic dysregulation and susceptibility to nutrient stress. We discuss how this knowledge, combined with advances in immunotherapy, is enabling the development of novel targeted therapies.
Preventive effect of sensorimotor exercise and resistance training on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Müller Jana , Weiler Markus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Haag Georg Martin , Steindorf Karen , Wick Wolfgang , Wiskemann Joachim
Published: July 2021

Background

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, unpleasant and usually long-lasting side effect of neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. This study aimed to investigate the preventive potential of sensorimotor- (SMT) and resistance training (RT) on CIPN.

Methods

Patients (N = 170) were randomised to SMT, RT or usual care (UC). Both exercise groups trained 3×/week for a total of 105 min/week during neurotoxic chemotherapy (mean length: 20 weeks). Before and 3 weeks after neurotoxic chemotherapy, CIPN signs/symptoms were assessed via Total Neuropathy Score (TNSr; primary endpoint) and EORTC QLQ-CIPN15 questionnaire. In addition, balance (centre of pressure), muscle strength (isokinetic), quality of life (QoL, EORTC QLQ-C30) and relative chemotherapy dose intensity (RDI) were investigated. The follow-up period covered 6 months after the end of chemotherapy.

Results

Intention-to-treat analyses (N = 159) revealed no differences regarding CIPN signs/symptoms. Exploratory per-protocol analyses (minimum training attendance rate 67%; N = 89) indicated that subjectively perceived sensory symptoms in the feet increased less during chemotherapy in the adherent exercisers (pooled group: SMT+RT) than in the UC group (−8.3 points (−16.1 to −0.4); P = 0.039, ES = 1.27). Furthermore, adherent exercisers received a higher RDI (96.6 ± 4.8 vs. 92.2 ± 9.4; P = 0.045), showed a better course of muscular strength (+20.8 Nm (11.2–30.4); P < 0.001, ES = 0.57) and QoL (+12.9 points (3.9–21.8); P = 0.005, ES = 0.64). During follow-up, CIPN signs/symptoms persisted in all groups.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that SMT and/or RT alleviate subjectively perceived sensory CIPN symptoms in the feet and other clinically relevant cancer therapy-related outcomes, if an appropriate training stimulus is achieved.

Clinical trial registration

NCT02871284.
DCLK1 isoforms and aberrant Notch signaling in the regulation of human and murine colitis
Authors: Roy Badal C. , Ahmed Ishfaq , Stubbs Jason , Zhang Jun , Attard Thomas , Septer Seth , Welch Danny , Anant Shrikant , Sampath Venkatesh , Umar Shahid
Published: July 2021

Alternative promoter usage generates long and short isoforms (DCLK1-L and DCLK1-S) of doublecortin-like kinase-1 (DCLK1). Tight control of Notch signaling is important to prevent and restitute inflammation in the intestine. Our aim was to investigate whether Notch1–DCLK1 axis regulates the mucosal immune responses to infection and whether this is phenocopied in human models of colitis. In the FFPE (formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded) sections prepared from the colons of ulcerative colitis (UC) and immune-mediated colitis (IRAEC) patients, expression of DCLK1 isoforms correlated positively with Notch1 and negatively with a transcriptional repressor, FoxD3 (Forkhead Box D3). DCLK1 protein staining in these sections was predominantly sub-epithelial (stromal) wherein DCLK1 co-localized with NICD, CD68, CD11c, and neutrophil elastase (NE). NE also co-stained with Citrullinated-H3 indicating the presence of neutrophil extracellular traps. In human neutrophils, elevated levels of DCLK1-S, CXCL-10, Ly6G, MPO, NE, and Notch1/2 in LPS-treated cells were inhibited when LPS was added in conjunction with Notch blocker dibenzazepine (DBZ; LPS + DBZ group). In CR-infected Rag1−/− mice, higher levels of DCLK1 in the colonic crypts were inhibited when mice received DBZ for 10 days coincident with significant dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and colitis. Concurrently, DCLK1 immunoreactivity shifted toward the stroma in CR + DBZ mice with predominance of DCLK1-S that coincided with higher Notch1 levels. Upon antibiotic treatment, partial restoration of crypt DCLK1, reduction in MPO activity, and increased survival followed. When intestinal epithelial cell-specific Dclk1-knockout (Dclk1ΔIEC) or Dclk1ΔIEC;Rag1−/− double knockout (DKO) mice were infected with CR and given a single dose of DBZ, they developed barrier defect and severe colitis with higher levels of stromal DCLK1-S, Ly6G, NE, and Notch1. We therefore propose that, by regulating the mucosal immune responses, the Notch–DCLK1 axis may be integral to the development of murine or human colitis.
MiR-146a regulates regulatory T cells to suppress heart transplant rejection in mice
Authors: Lu Jian , Wang Weiwei , Li Peiyuan , Wang Xiaodong , Gao Chao , Zhang Baotong , Du Xuezhi , Liu Yanhong , Yang Yong , Qi Feng
Published: July 2021

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), which characteristically express forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3), are essential for the induction of immune tolerance. Here, we investigated microRNA-146a (miR-146a), a miRNA that is widely expressed in Tregs and closely related to their homeostasis and function, with the aim of enhancing the function of Tregs by regulating miR-146a and then suppressing transplant rejection. The effect of the absence of miR-146a on Treg function in the presence or absence of rapamycin was detected in both a mouse heart transplantation model and cell co-cultures in vitro. The absence of miR-146a exerted a mild tissue-protective effect by transiently prolonging allograft survival and reducing the infiltration of CD4+and CD8+T cells into the allografts. Meanwhile, the absence of miR-146a increased Treg expansion but impaired the ability of Tregs to restrict T helper cell type 1 (Th1) responses. A miR-146a deficiency combined with interferon (IFN)-γ blockade repaired the impaired Treg function, further prolonged allograft survival, and alleviated rejection. Importantly, miR-146a regulated Tregs mainly through the IFN-γ/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 pathway, which is implicated in Treg function to inhibit Th1 responses. Our data suggest miR-146a controls a specific aspect of Treg function, and modulation of miR-146a may enhance Treg efficacy in alleviating heart transplant rejection in mice.
Chiral logic computing with twisted antiferromagnetic magnon modes
Authors: Jia Chenglong , Chen Min , Schäffer Alexander F. , Berakdar Jamal
Published: July 2021

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials offer an exciting platform for ultrafast information handling with low cross-talks and compatibility with existing technology. Particularly interesting for low-energy cost computing is the spin wave-based realization of logic gates, which has been demonstrated experimentally for ferromagnetic waveguides. Here, we predict chiral magnonic eigenmodes with a finite intrinsic, magnonic orbital angular momentum ℓ in AFM waveguides. ℓ is an unbounded integer determined by the spatial topology of the mode. We show how these chiral modes can serve for multiplex AFM magnonic computing by demonstrating the operation of several symmetry- and topology-protected logic gates. A Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction may arise at the waveguide boundaries, allowing coupling to external electric fields and resulting in a Faraday effect. The uncovered aspects highlight the potential of AFM spintronics for swift data communication and handling with high fidelity and at a low-energy cost.
Synthesis of high surface area CaSO4·0.5H2O nanorods using calcium ethoxide as precursor
Authors: Burgos-Ruiz Miguel , Pelayo-Punzano Gloria , Ruiz-Agudo Encarnacion , Elert Kerstin , Rodriguez-Navarro Carlos
Published: July 2021

A novel synthesis route yields highly reactive nanobassanite with the largest surface area ever reported and with potential applications in biomedicine and heritage conservation.
A trifunctional self-immolative spacer enables drug release with two non-sequential enzymatic cleavages
Authors: Dal Corso Alberto , Arosio Simone , Arrighetti Noemi , Perego Paola , Belvisi Laura , Pignataro Luca , Gennari Cesare
Published: July 2021

The enzymatic dephosphorylation of a self-immolative spacer accelerates cargo release and acts as an additional and independent trigger in protease-sensitive prodrugs.
Methodology for functionalization of water oxidation catalyst IrOx nanoparticles with hydrophobic and multi-functionalized chromophores
Authors: Fontana Liniquer A. , Rigolin Vitor H. , Braga Carolyne B. , Ornelas Catia , Megiatto Jackson D.
Published: July 2021

A straightforward “click” chemistry methodology for the sensitization of water soluble iridium oxide nanoparticles with hydrophobic and multi-functionalized porphyrin-based chromophores is described.
The Fermi level as an energy reference in liquid jet X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of aqueous solutions
Authors: Pérez Ramírez Lucía , Boucly Anthony , Saudrais Florent , Bournel Fabrice , Gallet Jean-Jacques , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Milosavljević Aleksandar R. , Nicolas Christophe , Rochet François
Published: July 2021

Adding a known redox couple to an aqueous solution gives liquid-jet XPS a natural energy reference, the Fermi level.
Dynamic heterogeneity and viscosity decoupling: origin and analytical prediction
Authors: Das Nilimesh , Sen Pratik
Published: July 2021

A simple analytical model was constructed and validated to understand and predict viscosity decoupling and dynamic heterogeneity in solvent media. We assumed that the SE relationship is locally satisfied but their spatial average shows a breakdown.
Compositional flexibility in Li–N–H materials: implications for ammonia catalysis and hydrogen storage
Authors: Makepeace Joshua W. , Brittain Jake M. , Sukhwani Manghnani Alisha , Murray Claire A. , Wood Thomas J. , David William I. F.
Published: July 2021

A wide solid solution based on the lithium imide anti-fluorite structure is demonstrated and related to its energy storage functions.
Impacts of environmental levels of hydrogen peroxide and oxyanions on the redox activity of MnO2 particles
Authors: Jia Daqing , Li Qinzhi , Luo Tao , Monfort Olivier , Mailhot Gilles , Brigante Marcello , Hanna Khalil
Published: July 2021

A H2O2/MnO2 molar ratio as low as 0.03 can affect the redox activity of MnO2 particles and their reactivity in natural systems.
Natural organic matter adsorption conditions influence photocatalytic reaction pathways of phosphate-treated titanium dioxide nanoparticles
Authors: Mathew Riya A. , Wu Gang , Zhang Ye , Shakiba Sheyda , Yao Yan , Tsai Ah-Lim , Louie Stacey M.
Published: July 2021

This research identifies mechanisms by which residual natural organic matter coatings can promote or hinder the reactivity of phosphate-treated titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
Unique CO2-switched cellulose solution properties in the CO2/DBU/DMSO solvent system and the preparation of regenerated materials
Authors: Zhang Lihua , Shi Wentao , Sheng Hailiang , Feng Song , Yao Minglong , Chen Peng , Zheng Qiang , Xie Haibo
Published: July 2021

Taking advantage of the unique CO2-switched cellulose solution properties in CO2/DBU/DMSO solvent system, the thermal-induced CO2 release provides an alternative approach to prepare regenerated cellulose materials with IVI crystalline structure.
Structural features of indoline donors in D–A-π-A type organic sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Tanaka Ellie , Mikhailov Maxim S. , Gudim Nikita S. , Knyazeva Ekaterina A. , Mikhalchenko Ludmila V. , Robertson Neil , Rakitin Oleg A.
Published: July 2021

Novel D–A-π-A organic sensitizers for DSSCs based on benzothiadiazole internal acceptor (A) and N-substituted indolines fused with cyclopentane or cyclohexane as donor (D) with the best PCE of 5.8% were reported.
A novel sulfate-bridged binuclear copper(ii) complex: structure, optical, ADMET andin vivoapproach in a murine model of bone metastasis
Authors: Hchicha Khouloud , Korb Marcus , Badraoui Riadh , Naïli Houcine
Published: July 2021

A novel complex, formulated as [Cu2(μ3-SO4)2(C4H6N2)4], showed significant ameliorative effects on tumor osteolytic lesions in malignant Walker 256/B breast cancer-induced bone metastases.
Cobalt supported on carbon nanotubes for methane chemical vapor deposition for the production of new carbon nanotubes
Authors: Esteves Laura M. , Oliveira Hugo A. , Xing Yutao , Passos Fabio B.
Published: July 2021

Well-structured CNT were produced over Co/CNT catalysts. The final products do not require a purification procedure for support catalyst removal.
Synthesis of ultrafine AuPd bimetallic nanoparticles using a magnetite-cored poly(propyleneimine) dendrimer template and its sustainable catalysis of the Suzuki coupling reaction
Authors: Rangasamy Rajmohan , Lakshmi Kannappan , Selvaraj Mari
Published: July 2021

A rational synthesis of magnetically recyclable PPI dendrimer encapsulated AuPd bimetallic nanoparticle and its catalytic examination in the Suzuki coupling reaction.
Function of cofactor Akirin2 in the regulation of gene expression in model human Caucasian neutrophil-like HL60 cells
Authors: Artigas-Jerónimo Sara , Villar Margarita , Estrada-Peña Agustín , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Alberdi Pilar , de la Fuente José
Published: July 2021

The Akirin family of transcription cofactors are involved throughout the metazoan in the regulation of different biological processes such as immunity, interdigital regression, muscle and neural development. Akirin do not have catalytic or DNA-binding capability and exert its regulatory function primarily through interacting proteins such as transcription factors, chromatin remodelers, and RNA-associated proteins. In this study, we focused on the human Akirin2 regulome and interactome in neutrophil-like model human Caucasian promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells. Our hypothesis is that metazoan evolved to have Akirin2 functional complements and different Akirin2-mediated mechanisms for the regulation of gene expression. To address this hypothesis, experiments were conducted using transcriptomics, proteomics and systems biology approaches in akirin2 knockdown and wildtype HL60 cells to characterize Akirin2 gene/protein targets, functional complements and to provide evidence of different mechanisms that may be involved in Akirin2-mediated regulation of gene expression. The results revealed Akirin2 gene/protein targets in multiple biological processes with higher representation of immunity and identified immune response genes as candidate Akirin2 functional complements. In addition to linking chromatin remodelers with transcriptional activation, Akirin2 also interacts with histone H3.1 for regulation of gene expression.
Stress tolerance and productive longevity of cows with intensive milk production technologies
Authors: Donnik I.M. , Loretts O.G. , Chechenikhina O.S.
Published: July 2021

The studies were carried out on black-and-white cattle of the Ural intra-breed type, bred at the enterprises of the Sverdlovsk region. The studied groups of animals are formed depending on the milking technology (milking in a milk pipe, in milking parlors, robotic milking). The level of hormones in the groups of cows, where intensive milking technologies were used, is higher than in the groups of linear milking in the milk pipeline: prolactin by 17.2 ng / ml; adrenocorticotropic hormone by 10.3 pg / ml; cortisol by 5.3 nmol / l. The number of heifers with a high type of stress tolerance is on average 6.3% less in groups where intensive milking technologies were used in comparison with linear milking in a milk pipe.
The role of corticosterone in the regulation of the cellular composition of chicken blood during the stress reaction
Authors: Derkho M.A. , Sajfutdinova L.N. , Strizhikov V.K. , Strizhikova S.V. , Ponomaryova T.A.
Published: July 2021

The influence of hen layer density on the variability of the number of red blood cells, heterophiles and lymphocytes in the blood, the secretory activity of adrenal glands, estimated by the level of corti-costerone and cortisol, as well as the presence of interrelations between hormones and blood cells by calculating complex indices, were studied. Chickens, as the research object, were kept in cages, under conditions of standard layer density and increased by 1.5 and 2.0 times. We found that chickens adapt to an increase in layer density by one and a half times, pro-vided that egg production decreases to 33.33%; two times exceed of the regulatory requirements for laying does not correspond to the adaptive abilities of birds. Depending on the level of layer density excess (stress factor) in chicken blood, the concentration of corticosterone and cortisol increases, determining a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and an in-crease in heterophiles against the background of the preservation of red blood cells, reflecting the “energy price” of adaptation. Corticosterone af-fects the relationship of red blood cells with lymphocytes and heterophiles, determining the variability of the values of the indices reflecting the ratio of red blood cells and lymphocytes (ISEL), red blood cells and hetero-philes (ISEG), red blood cells, lymphocytes and corticosterone (ISELC), red blood cells, heterophiles and corticosterone (ISEGC) and the integral index of red blood cells-heterophiles-lymphocytes and corticosterone (IIEGLC).
Assessment of ecological safety of fish from anthropogenically polluted freshwater reservoir
Authors: Bastanov R.I. , Shakirova S.S. , Gumenyuk O.A. , Derkho A.O. , Krasnoperva E.A.
Published: July 2021

The content of heavy metals in fish of different ecological groups in the conditions of the Argazinsky reservoir (Russia) has been studied, its ecological safety when used as a product nutrition was given. The material of the study was “local” fish (bream, pike, perch, roach, whitefish) caught by fishermen. The content of heavy metals was determined by atomic absorption method. Compared to muscular tissue, bone tissue has been found to accumulate more manganese, zinc, cadmium, lead, cobalt, nickel, iron (except for roach), copper, except for perch. The value of the metal pollution index (Pi) is greater than one in bream muscles in nickel, lead and cobalt; pike — nickel. The multifactor index of metal contamination (MPI) in the muscular tissue of fish are located in the following order: bream > pike > roach, whitefish > perch. Pi >1.0 value in skeletal tissue of bream in lead, nickel, cobalt, manganese, cadmium, zinc, iron; pike — lead, nickel, cadmium, zinc, manganese; perch — lead, cadmium; roach — zinc, cobalt, lead, cadmium; whitefish — manganese, lead, cadmium. By the magnitude of MPI, the skeletal tissue is ranked in the following order: pike > bream > whitefish > roach > perch. Pike MPI=3, 85, bream MPI=3, 10. The following row is formed by the value of fish fatness: perch > roach > whitefish > bream > pike. The fatness amount in the body of pike and bream is affected by excessively accumulated metals (nickel, cobalt and lead in bream, nickel, cadmium, and lead in pike), and in perch, roach, and whitefish - essential (iron, cobalt, copper and zinc in perch, manganese, iron and copper in roach, manganese, cobalt and zinc in whitefish).
Evaluating the growth of replacement heifers from different seed bulls
Authors: Gorelik O.V. , Harlap S. Yu. , Neverova O.P. , Sen M.N. , Galushina P.S. , Sorokina N.I.
Published: July 2021

In the Sverdlovsk region Holsteinized Black Pied cattle of the Ural type are bred which are represented by large, highly productive animals with a high genetic potential for productivity. Great importance is attached to the rearing replacement calves. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of the live weight of replacement heifers from different seed bulls during rearing and its dependency on the age of the first insemination. The highest average daily weight gains were in the dairy period of heifers development, they ranged from 989 g for the daughters of the bull Thunderline to 1054 g for their peers from the bull Maximum. There were also high average daily gains during this period when rearing heifers from the bull Renigend. In the second period of rearing from 6 to 10 months of age there was a decrease in the average daily weight gain in all groups. Heifers from different seed bulls reach the required live weight for the first insemination at different ages. Maximum’s daughters, which had the weight of 399.4 kg at the age of 12.9 months. reached the required live weight most quickly. Their peers from other seed bulls reached the aforementioned live weight only at the age of 13.7 months.
Efficiency evaluation of cornea crosslinking in septic ulcers in small pets
Authors: Lukashina U.E. , Slesarenko N.A. , Shilkin A.G.
Published: July 2021

The article presents the morphological substantiation of the feasibility of using corneal collagen crosslinking, as well as comparative characteristics of standard therapeutic animal treatment with septic cornea ulcers and modified crosslinking. Methods of ophthalmological examination of small pets after modified crosslinking revealed the most favorable (in 91.2% of cases) recovery in comparison with the standard therapeutic technique, which is confirmed by keratomalacia inhibition, acceleration of corneal epithelization rate and reduction (by 40%) of rehabilitation period of the animal.
Experience in treatment of thermal burns in dogs
Authors: Shnyakina T.N. , Shcherbakov N.P. , Bryukhanchikova N.M. , Medvedeva L.V. , Bezin A.N.
Published: July 2021

Burns take 3rd place among peacetime injuries and represent a major medical and veterinary problem [1]. Effective treatment of thermal burns in animals as well as prevention of post-burn complications are an important task for a veterinarian [2]. However the treatment of animal burns in veterinary medicine has not been sufficiently developed [3]. When prescribing treatment it is necessary to take into account the degree of burn, the area and depth of damage, the presence of complications, the general condition of the animal. It is important to know that with thermal burns not only local pathological and morphological changes occur, but also general changes on the part of various organs and systems in particular protein and water-salt metabolism is disrupted, toxins accumulate, the body's defenses are decreased, and burn exhaustion is developed. In this case the degree of the general reaction of the body directly depends on the depth and area of burns [4]. Therefore the treatment should provide for anesthesia, be aimed at combating infection and intoxication of the body, and also take into account the phases of the wound process and the peculiarities of their healing [5]. For the treatment of thermal burns in animals we have proposed two methods depending on the degree of burns: a bandage method for treating second-degree burns using a complex drug mixture No. 1 and a non-bandage method for treating third-degree burns using a complex drug mixture No. 2 in combination with a short novocaine blockade. Both have shown high therapeutic efficacy.
Evaluation of the herd reproduction program with sexed seed in a large agricultural enterprise
Authors: Barkova А.S. , Shurmanova E.I. , Eroshenko E.S. , Kurochkina N.G. , Baranova A.A.
Published: July 2021

For diary herding, milk production is one of the determining factors of effective actions. That is why it’s very important to get a high percentage of heifers into a processing of herd reproducing, which became possible after introduction of sexed seed – sperm, which cells are divided concerning the sex. Using of sexed seed allows us to repair the herd more quickly, and also to increase the realization volume of heifers by breed enterprises, which very good influence on their profitability. Provided of researching analyses showed us, that using the seed divided by sex into a large agricultural enterprise, the fertility rate is lower on 5-8%, than we will use the traditional seed, and female calves are much higher.
The reaction of the thyroid gland to the thyrotropic hormone “load” in high and low-yielding cows
Authors: Eremenko V.I. , Gorozhankina G.A. , Vanina N.V. , Shuklin S.I. , Blednov A.I.
Published: July 2021

The studies were carried out on cows of Holstein black-and-white breed. 2 groups of 10 heads each were formed. The milk yield for lactation was 10 thousand kg in the first group, and - 5 thousand kg in the second group. Blood was collected from the subcaudal vein monthly during lactation. T3 and T4 were determined in the blood serum. The functional “load” on the thyroid gland was performed at the peak of lactation (3 months) and at its end - at 9 months. The TSH preparation at a dose of 0.5 u/kg of live weight was administered intramuscularly on an empty stomach before morning feeding. T3 and T4 hormones in the blood were determined before the injection of TSH and 0.5 one and two hours after the injection. Kath was calculated using the formula Т1 – Т0 / Т0 where Kath is the coefficient of activity of thyroid hormones. T0 – T3 and T4 levels before TSH injection T1 – T3 and T4 levels 2 hours after TSH injection. During lactation, the level of milk production and thyroid hormones varies inversely with the average daily milk yield. During the period of high milk productivity (2,3,4 months of lactation), the concentration of T3 and T4 in both groups was low, and later increased and was maximum in the 8th month of lactation. The functional reserves of the thyroid gland in high-yielding cows in 3 and 9 months of lactation are lower in relation to low-yielding cows.
Formation of the oil flax yield in the conditions of the Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Kolotov A.P.
Published: July 2021

Oil flax was grown on gray forest soils of the Middle Urals in the period 2012-2020. The purpose of the research was to identify changes in the yield structure of various oil flax varieties and its productivity, depending on the growing conditions. The research used the method of field experience and statistical processing of experimental data. It was found that the conditions of the year of growing oil flax had a noticeable effect on the number of formed capsules on the plant, seeds in one capsule and the mass of 1000 seeds. Small seeds of all varieties were formed in the conditions of warm and dry 2012, and the largest seeds were obtained in cool and wet 2015. The average yield of oil flax seeds was 1.90-2.14 t/ha, the maximum yield was 2.88 t/ha, provided by the Ural variety in 2017. The yield variability level by 77.7 % was determined by environmental conditions, the influence of genotypes caused 6.6% of yield variation, and the interaction of genotype x environment - 14.9 %.
The problem of lending to agricultural enterprises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yekimov Sergey , Guzhina Galina , Lukyanov Pavel , Bespalova Olga , Kucherenko Dmitriy
Published: July 2021

The main obstacle to the implementation of lending to agricultural enterprises is the high cost of credit. In our opinion, an adequate state agricultural policy should increase the interest of commercial banks in providing loans. In our opinion, it should be aimed at increasing the availability of bank loans for agricultural enterprises. For this purpose, it is advisable to partially compensate the payment of bank interest by agricultural enterprises. In the world practice in the banking sector, negative rates of return on deposits have found application. Commercial banks are able to borrow money at a discount rate. At the moment, there is a practice according to which the Central Bank has only one discount rate. In our opinion, there could be several discount rates at the same time. We hold the view that depending on the purposes to which the commercial bank directs the funds received from the Central Bank, the size of the Central Bank’s discount rate may be different and even have a negative value. We believe that the negative discount rate applied by the central bank for lending to commercial banks to continue providing loans for the purchase of agricultural machinery could encourage them to issue loans to agricultural enterprises. In our opinion, the use of a negative discount rate of the Central Bank in some cases may contribute to the realization of the bank’s credit potential and enhance its lending activities.
Intensification of mass transfer with chemical reaction under conditions of concentration-capillary convection
Authors: Ermakov S.A. , Ermakov A.A. , Mankov A.V. , Muratov Yu.R. , Koparulina A.E.
Published: July 2021

The regularities of mass transfer with a chemical reaction in the system of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (solid medium) / butyric acid (transportable component) / carbon tetrachloride (dispersed phase) in spray extractors are studied. It is shown that the resulting chemocapillary instability can significantly reduce the height of the transfer unit. The conditions for the occurrence of spontaneous concentration-capillary convection during mass transfer with a chemical reaction under conditions of constrained drop movement are determined.
Digitalization of agricultural industrial complex, application of robotics in agriculture
Authors: Baimukhamedov Malik , Baimukhamedova Auzhan , Baimukhamedova Gulzada , Aimurzinov Murat
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the issues of digitalization of the agro-industrial complex. It is noted that one of the important areas of digitalization is the development of information technologies and robotization of agriculture. High efficiency is achieved by those industries that effectively use robotic means – (Repair and Maintenance Stations) - drones, unmanned agricultural machines (tractors, seeders, cultivators, etc.). The advantages of using RMS in agriculture are shown. Kazakhstan produces, various seeders and cultivators, combines for picking berries, self-driving machines for spraying in fields, gardens and other RMS. Work is underway to create quadrocopters intended for use in agriculture, and the structure and mathematical model of the quadrocopter are described in the following article.
Ecological and economic education: as the basis for the formation of modern relations
Authors: Krasnoperova E.A.
Published: July 2021

The strategic direction of the greening of agricultural production is the education and formation of appropriate thinking of all groups of the population. The article deals with the essence of environmental education, and the education of rural residents as a continuous process. This process begins at an early age and ends with a period when a person shares the acquired and accumulated knowledge and experience with young people. We distinguish five stages of the formation of knowledge and experience throughout his life. Each of the designated stages has its own goal and objectives and different duration.
The model of an agrarian entrepreneurial university
Authors: Korotkova E.A. , Karabut M.A. , Shorokhov P.N.
Published: July 2021

This paper considers the implementation of the Strategy for the development of the agrobusiness of the Sverdlovsk region. The conclusion is confirmed concerning insufficient development of the business environment in the agrarian sector. Approaches and methods of transformation of the classical agrarian university into an entrepreneurial one on the example of the Ural State Agrarian University are discussed: knowledge generation, teaching and translation of knowledge into practice; reshaping of the university’s internal environment; modification of interactions with the external environment developing the university’s innovation environment. The results of the project and their significance are predicted: the creation of a modern system of educational, scientific and design-entrepreneurial environment. New educational products will be developed. A set of indicators and marks of compliance of the agrarian university to the entrepreneurial type will be introduced. The uniqueness of this project has been found. The thing is that the Ural State Agrarian University is not a classical or purely technical university and this expands its ability to enter various areas of the region’s life: economic, social and technological. The article concludes that the implementation of the project will meet the needs of the agriculture cluster of the Sverdlovsk region in the development of intellectual entrepreneurship and avoid primitive mechanisms of collection and independent implementation of their agricultural products by residents.
Improving knowledge management is an urgent direction for the effective functioning and development of modern agriculture
Authors: Voronin B.A. , Chupina I.P. , Voronina Ya.V. , Mitin A.N. , Zarubina E.V.
Published: July 2021

Modern Russian agriculture functions in the context of new guidelines associated with the introduction of innovative scientific achievements into production based on the knowledge of world agricultural science and an interdisciplinary approach to scientific research in the agricultural sector. As noted by J. Harrigton and F. Vole in the book “Excellence in Knowledge Management” [1] – «knowledge is information transformed into the ability to act effectively». «Knowledge is a mixture of experience, practices, traditions, values, conceptual information, expert judgment and healthy intuition, providing a comprehensive platform for evaluating and implementing new experiences and information in an organization». Knowledge management consists in obtaining (extracting) knowledge and systematizing it by collecting, storing, searching and registering intellectual assets (copyright, patent, licenses, etc.). It is important to disseminate (transfer) the acquired new knowledge both within the corporation and in the external sphere, as well as in the education system in order to create an interactive learning environment.