bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Point Generation Method from a Lightweight Model for Dimensional Quality Management in Shipbuilding
Authors: Kwon Ki Youn
Published: January 2019

A ship is constructed by assembling blocks and installing outfits in the assembled ship structure. The measured data of real products and the design data are analyzed to prevent the loss caused by dimensional quality errors in shipbuilding. In recent years, 3D shapes have been used for efficient dimension quality management; however, it is difficult to deal with the large-scale Computer Aided Design (CAD) data required for managing extra-large blocks. A lightweight model is widely used for visualizing and sharing large data in Product Lifecycle Management. This model is mainly composed of triangular elements to minimize the file size and increase visibility. There are no problems with visually confirming the shape based on these triangular elements, but the model has a limitation when numerically calculating the exact position on a curve or a surface. In this article, we propose a method that uses a lightweight model to improve the efficiency of dimensional quality management. Accurate boundary curves are restored from the lightweight model used for visualization. After matching the connectivity of triangular elements, boundary element edges are extracted. Boundary curves are generated by connecting these boundary element edges. In addition, the density for tessellation was evaluated and found to be suitable for the shipbuilding process. The proposed method was tested on several models to demonstrate its feasibility.

1. Introduction

A ship is designed by dividing it into several blocks, which constitute the hull, and each block is constructed separately and assembled. Blocks are usually made by assembling small parts fabricated by machining steel plates, and the ship is constructed through the assembly of large blocks from the small blocks. For this process to be performed smoothly, errors are calculated between the design dimensions and manufactured dimensions, and then, the errors are used to correct for erroneous portions after constructing each block. In addition, the dimensions for outfitting and the positions of the hull structure are modified in the case of misalignment during the outfitting process such as installing pipes, equipment, and devices on the hull structure. Dimensional quality management is an activity performed to meet the dimensional quality that is required in the shipbuilding process, including at offshore manufacturing plants.
Acoustic Shadows: An Auditory Exploration of the Sense of Space
Authors: Dufour Frank
Published: January 2019

This paper examines the question of auditory detection of the movements of silent objects in noisy environments. The approach to studying and exploring this phenomenon is primarily based on the framework of the ecology of perception defined by James Gibson (Gibson, 1979) in the sense that it focuses on the direct auditory perception of events, or “structured energy that specifies properties of the environment” (Michaels & Carello, 1981 P. 157). The goal of this study is triple: -Theoretical; for various reasons, this kind of acoustic situations has not been extensively studied by traditional acoustics and psychoacoustics, therefore, this project demonstrates and supports the pertinence of the Ecology of Perception for the description and explanation of such complex phenomena. -Practical; like echolocation, perception of acoustic shadows can be improved by practice, this project intends to contribute to the acknowledgment of this way of listening and to help individuals placed in noisy environments without the support of vision acquiring a detailed detection of the movements occurring in these environments. -Artistic; this project explores a new artistic expression based on the creation and exploration of complex multisensory environments. Acoustic Shadows, a multimedia interactive composition is being developed on the premises of the ecological approach to perception. The last dimension of this project is meant to be a contribution to the sonic representation of space in films and in computer generated virtual environments by producing simulations of acoustic shadows.
The Word and the Sound: The Sonic Color-line in Frederick Douglass's 1845 Narrative
Authors: Stoever-Ackerman Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000246 EndHTML:0000003916 StartFragment:0000002694 EndFragment:0000003880 SourceURL:file://localhost/Users/jenniferstoever-ackerman/Desktop/Dropbox/revised_Stoever%20Ackerman_%20The%20Word%20and%20the%20Sound.docx “The Word and the Sound” examines the violence in Frederick Douglass’s iconic Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845) as an aural experience—not just a visual spectacle—arguing that the text is key to understanding the relationship between listening, race, and antebellum slavery. Douglass’s representations of divergent listening practices show how they shape (and are shaped by) race, revealing the aural edge of the ostensibly visual culture of white supremacy, or the “sonic color-line.”  This essay draws from archival material such as speech manuals and travel writing to document the sonic color-line, particularly the dominant association of nonverbal sound with the presumed irrationality of racial others. The subsequent sections close read key aural passages in the Narrative to amplify how Douglass exposes, manipulates, and subverts the sonic color-line, challenging his white readership to listen differently, even as he remains skeptical of their their ability to do so.
Recycling sound in Commercials
Authors: Larsen Charlotte Rørdam
Published: January 2019

Commercials offer the opportunity for intergenerational memory and impinge on cultural memory. TV commercials for foodstuffs often make reference to past times as a way of authenticating products. This is frequently achieved using visual cues, but in this paper I would like to demonstrate how such references to the past and ‘the good old days’ can be achieved through sounds. In particular, I will look at commercials for Danish non-dairy spreads, especially for OMA margarine. These commercials are notable in that they contain a melody and a slogan – ‘Say the name: OMA margarine’ – that have basically remained the same for 70 years. Together these identifiers make OMA an interesting Danish case to study. With reference to Ann Rigney’s memorial practices or mechanisms, the study aims to demonstrate how the auditory aspects of Danish margarine commercials for frying tend to be limited in variety: in general, the soundtracks of margarine commercials seem to merge into one, they are somewhat alike. The OMA commercials are no exception, but the OMA melody makes a distinction. In general the soundtracks of OMA margarine commercials (and the use of melody) seem to have shifted from using a predominantly semantic causal soundtrack to tracks using aesthetic and musicalised elements which are supposed to arouse more sensuous feelings in the consumers.
A Museological Approach: Radio as Immaterial Heritage
Authors: Mortensen Christian Hviid
Published: January 2019

Radio is a major part of our media heritage, but it is seldom featured in exhibitions or as part of museum collections. Museums traditionally operate with a material concept of artefacts, but with the advent of electronic and digital media the need for a broader concept to accommodate intangible forms of heritage, such as radio, has become apparent. This article outlines the challenges of conceptualising the sounds of radio as artefacts of cultural heritage to be exhibited in a museological context. These challenges range from the purely theoreti- cal matter of delineating intangible artefacts to more practical and methodological concerns about presenting these kinds of artefacts in exhibitions. An appreciative understanding of radio heritage calls for didactic strategies for bridging the knowledge gap that exists between the majority of modern audiences and the historic radio material. This article proposes possible responses to this challenge based on insights from learning and design theories.
What’s in a song: the case of Christopher Nolan’s Inception
Authors: Waeber Jacqueline
Published: January 2019

Overblown cinematography and excess of visual attraction are the key features in Christopher Nolan’s Inception (UK/USA, 2010), a film that eventually exhausts itself in its numerous tours de force. Yet, Inception’s multi-levelled phantasmagoria cannot escape to the mere materiality of the objects that regularly invade its cinematic space, and that are invoked for what they simply are: things. Throughout the film, their fastidious presence points towards a desire that Kracauer has identified as an “urge for concretion.” Not only does it provide a restraining counterpoint to the film’s constant negotiation of dream-like spaces, but it also mirrors one of cinema’s most enduring concerns: the obsession with the representation of the dense materiality of things.In Inception, one of these things — indeed, the most important of all — is not an object defined by its tactile materiality, but the fragment of a song: Edith Piaf’s 1960 recording of “Non, je ne regrette rien.” In this essay, I argue that Inception privileges a haptic treatment of this aural fragment in order to present the song as thing. While this song may be replete with pre-existing connotations that could potentially impact on the audience’s perception, its reduction to a brief fragment renders the meaning of its inter-textual potentialities illegible, but also singles out its sonic fabric in the aural foreground. Thus the paradoxical choice of a “vintage” recording that literally clashes with the glossy artificiality of the visual treatment (from objects to actors themselves). Although located at the purely aural level, the song fragment nevertheless resonates with Nolan’s well-known claim to anchor his visual effects in “real life” by giving them a “realistic style of patina”.
The resonating past - Stephen Vitiello’s World Trade Center Recordings as a lieu de mémoire
Authors: Vandsø Anette
Published: January 2019

Although many studies have focussed on the visual and textual media practices surrounding the cultural commemoration of 9/11, few have examined the audio media practices related to the event. As a response to this lack the article is an analysis of Stephen Vitiello’s World Trade Center Recordings: Winds After Hurricane Floyd (1999) as it was installed at the MoMA PS1 memorial exhibition September 11 (2011) which explored the ‘enduring and far-reaching resonance’ of the attacks. The piece is analysed as what Pierre Nora calls a lieu de mémoire, with a specific focus on what we, in line with media archaeologist Wolfgang Ernst, may call the technical ‘chrono-poetical’ folding of time. The aim of the article is to show how Vitiello’s work, due to its media specific archival practices, addresses the events of 9/11.
In and around The Bay: Water, Fish, Infrastructure
Authors: O’Brien Adam
Published: January 2019

An important theme in current studies of environmental representation is the
inadequacy of many narratological and stylistic techniques for registering
ecological complexity. This article argues that, in the case of cinema, water
constitutes an especially vivid example of an allusive natural subject, and it
examines the means by which one film, The Bay (Barry Levinson,
2012), manages to confront that challenge. It pays particular attention to
The Bay’s treatment of animal life, and its
acknowledgement of water’s infrastructural currency. The article draws on
the writings of ecocritical literary theorist Timothy Morton and media historian
and theorist John Durham Peters.
Stage rights!
Authors: Paxton Naomi
Published: January 2019

This book provides the first detailed account of the work of the Actresses' Franchise League, taking the story of the organisation further than ever before. Formulated as a historiographically innovative critical biography of the League over the fifty years of the organisation’s activities, this book invites a total reassessment of the League within both 20th Century industry networks and accepted narratives of the development of political theatre in the UK. Making a genuine contribution to both theatre and suffrage histories, this book looks in detail at the performative propaganda of the suffrage movement and the role of feminist actresses as activists during and after the campaign for Votes for Women. It explores the extensive networks of political and theatrical activism and social campaigning through which suffragist performers, playwrights and producers shaped their careers, and reveals how determined the Actresses' Franchise League was to be visible in public space, and to create equal opportunities for women in the theatre industry. Drawing on archival material, this book shows how members and allies of the League addressed a broad range of political and social issues through their work, how they presented and represented women and womanhood, and how the organisation, formed and embedded in the Edwardian period, diversified during and after the First and Second World Wars.
Proto-Punk and Poetry on St. Mark’s Place
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

Reminiscing about the Poetry Project at St. Mark’s Church, Victor Bockris effused “In those days [the early 1970s] the St Mark’s Poetry Project was on a par with Warhol’s Factory, Mickey Ruskin’s Max’s Kansas City and the Gotham Book Mart as a bastion of the influential underground art movements that were the emotional engines of New York.” This chapter explores what lured so many musicians to the Poetry Project at St. Mark’s Church, and analyzes how the writing performed on the pulpit at St. Mark’s and recorded in associated mimeograph magazines and LPs proved so attractive to Sanders, Reed, Smith, Hell and others.
Afterword
Authors: Kane Daniel
Published: January 2019

Making it onto the Billboard Chart’s Top 100 list in 1980, the Jim Carroll Band’s hit single “People Who Died” had – and continues to have - multiple lives. The fifth track on the Jim Carroll Band’s first album Catholic Boy, “People Who Died” is name-checked in novels (Jennifer Ball’s Catalyst; Michael Muhammad Knight’s The Taqwacores). It is summoned in autobiographies (Steve Rutz’s Renewing Your Mind; Vanessa Gezarri’s The Tender Soldier). We hear it in films as various as Steven Spielberg’s ET: The Extra Terrestrial; Fritz Kierch’s Tuff Turf; and Zack Snyder’s 2004 remake of George Romero’s Dawn of the Dead. And yet, despite the way Carroll’s “People Who Died” has resonated across the decades, few critics even bother to mention that Carroll’s song is inspired directly by Ted Berrigan’s poem “People Who Died,” first published in 1969. This chapter analyzes how the last great punk song on the last great punk album was actually modeled on a New York School poem.
The New Conservatives
Authors: Kolozi Peter
Published: January 2019

Post World War II conservative thinking witnessed a marked shift in criticism away from capitalism itself and to the state. Cold War conservatives’ anti-communism led many on the right to perceive economic systems in stark terms as either purely capitalistic or on the road to communism.
Infertility Wars
Authors: Pinto-Correia Clara
Published: January 2019

Although affecting nearly 6% of couples, infertility remains a taboo subject. It is not discussed by those who are afflicted by it, for whom it is often a source of private shame and pain. This chapter exposes the pain of infertility and the numerous types of damage that this secret has caused.
Natural Foods Stores
Authors: Davis Joshua Clark
Published: January 2019

Chapter five examines natural foods stores that sold vegetarian and organic products with the goal of advancing the causes of environmentalism, animal rights, and pacifism. Natural foods sellers understood their small, independent storefronts as ethical alternatives to American supermarkets and agribusinesses’ relentless pursuit of profit through exploitative labor and environmentally destructive systems of production and distribution. Like feminist businesses, natural foods stores were eager practitioners of cooperative ownership and collective management. By the late 1970s, the natural foods market had become more lucrative than anyone could have imagined a decade earlier. Yet as companies like Whole Foods Market aggressively pursued profits in the 1980s and ‘90s, they would move far from natural foods sellers’ original values of shared ownership, democratic workplaces, and collaboration with social movements.
Perseverance and Appropriation
Authors: Davis Joshua Clark
Published: January 2019

Chapter six traces activist businesses through the 1990s until today. They explore the significant but mixed legacy these enterprises have had on American business culture, as seen in a revived appreciation for small business, the emergence of a so-called “solidarity economy,” and corporations’ generous appropriation of the themes and language of liberation, social consciousness, and ethical business. Activist entrepreneurs’ impact on American business may be much less radical than they had originally hoped, but their vision lives on—albeit fragmented and diluted—in the language, products, and goals of countless American companies today.
Statistical Thermodynamics and Equilibrium Distribution
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: January 2019

Here we provide a simple, intuitive, introduction to statistical thermodynamics and its key concepts, particularly entropy and statistical equilibrium.
Fairness in Income Distribution
Authors: Venkatasubramanian Venkat
Published: January 2019

In this chapter, we develop the complete mathematical formalism for π‎-class societies at equilibrium. We prove that the fairest income inequality is lognormal, attained at equilibrium, in an ideal free market society. We also prove that it is unique, stable, social optimal, and moral. We prove that for a 2-class society, the equilibrium distributions are two non-overlapping lognormals, which can be easily mistaken for a lognormal-Pareto pair in practice.
Introduction
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes Charles Darwin’s theory as it related to brain evolution and gods. It then provides basic information about human brains and the nature of the research evidence used for this book. Finally, it explains parallel evolution, a key concept for the book.
Archaic Homo Sapiens (Neandertals)
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes the Neandertals as the best known example of Archaic Homo sapiens. Its behavior included the use of more sophisticated tools and weapons, especially those used for hunting. There is also evidence of helping fellow Neandertals, suggesting that cognitively the Neandertals had developed an awareness of others. Its brain was as large, or larger, as modern human brains and probably especially developed in the area of the temporo-parietal junction.
Modern Homo Sapiens
Authors: Torrey E. Fuller
Published: January 2019

This chapter describes modern Homo sapiens who emerged about 40,000 years ago. Behaviorally they were distinguished by burials with grave goods, highly sophisticated tools and weapons, memory devices, varied self-ornamentation, and the appearance of visual arts such as cave paintings and carved sculptures. Cognitively it appears that modern Homo sapiens had developed an autobiographical memory, the ability to time travel. This allowed them to understand that they would die as well as their dreams in which ancestors appeared. The result was a belief in life after death. Their brains had apparently especially developed in those areas known to be associated with autobiographical memory.
Venice's Intimate Empire
Authors: Maglaque Erin
Published: January 2019

During the Renaissance, the Venetian Mediterranean empire stretched from the lagoon city’s shores to the island of Cyprus. This vast empire was governed by aristocratic men: educated as humanists, they were sent out into the empire armed with ancient geographies and classical epics. Once there, they married women who were their own subjects, and in doing so crossed the boundaries of ethnic and religious identity which divided the early modern Mediterranean world. An Intimate Empire undertakes the first study of this relationship between humanism, empire, and family. Mining private writings, humanist geographies, letters, and extensive archival documentation, the book takes an intimate view into the emotions and subjectivities of imperial governors. It finds that it was within intimate life that one’s relationship to empire – to its politics, its shifting social structures, its metropolitan and colonial cultures – was determined.
Early detection and therapeutics
Authors: Januszewicz Wladyslaw , Fitzgerald Rebecca C.
Published: January 2019

Early detection, including cancer screening and surveillance, is emerging as one of the most important topics in modern oncology. Because symptomatic presentation remains the predominant route to cancer diagnosis, there is a growing interest in developing techniques to detect the disease at an early, curative stage. Moreover, growing understanding of cancer biology has paved the way for prevention studies with the focus on therapeutic interventions for premalignant conditions. Where there is a recognisable precursor stage, such as a colorectal adenoma or Barrett's metaplasia, the removal of abnormal tissue prevents the development of cancer and enables stratification of the patient to a high‐risk group requiring further surveillance. Here, we provide a review of the available technologies for early diagnosis and minimally‐invasive treatment.
Early detection and prevention
Authors: Dillner Joakim
Published: January 2019

The rapidly increasing incidence and mortality of cancer calls for a focused effort to increase the effect of cancer‐prevention efforts. In the area of early detection, there are major differences in the preventive impact of implemented screening policies, even when solid, evidence‐based international recommendations are issued. Studies are needed to determine why evidence‐based interventions are not used and to investigate why effects are less than predicted by solid research on the subject. Currently, population‐based screening is recommended only for three forms of cancer (cervical, breast and colorectal cancer) but, given the increasing cancer burden, efforts are required to facilitate the discovery of new biomarkers for screening, as well as the identification of barriers to implementation of new cancer screening discoveries. The creation of a network of excellence in research on Cancer Prevention (Cancer Prevention Europe) is likely to significantly contribute to progress in these areas. In the present review, some possible strategies to ensure progress are discussed, with specific examples from the cervical cancer screening area.
Performative Literacy: Children's Graphic‐Narrative‐Embodied Play
Authors: Wright Susan
Published: January 2019

Drawing and narrative are semiotic tools for children's communication of thoughts and feelings, both real and imaginary. Because they are composed from children's personal experiences, they are infused with deep meanings that link the emotions, the body, and the work of art itself in a dialectical relationship between, in particular, (1) embodied simulation and spatial‐temporal reasoning and (2) empathetic intention, emotion, and agency. Such knowledge‐building is enhanced and enriched through children's use of interconnected signs – visual, verbal, gestural – as they fashion real and imaginary worlds on paper. Children's rich, symbolic texts may be mediated through a type of performative semiosis, where teachers, parents, and other children create zones of proximal development with each other as they draw. Through a dialogic process, children co‐create artworks and narratives that are fundamentally philosophical and laden with developing values of self and worldviews. These are vital messages for art educators who work with young children.
Dosimetric verification of IMPT using a commercial heterogeneous phantom
Authors: Yasui Keisuke , Toshito Toshiyuki , Omachi Chihiro , Hayashi Kensuke , Kinou Hideto , Katsurada Masaki , Hayashi Naoki , Ogino Hiroyuki
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study was to propose a verification method and results of intensity‐modulated proton therapy (IMPT), using a commercially available heterogeneous phantom. We used a simple simulated head and neck and prostate phantom. An ionization chamber and radiochromic film were used for measurements of absolute dose and relative dose distribution. The measured doses were compared with calculated doses using a treatment planning system. We defined the uncertainty of the measurement point of the ionization chamber due to the effective point of the chamber and mechanical setup error as 2 mm and estimated the dose variation base on a 2 mm error. We prepared a HU‐relative stopping power conversion table and fluence correction factor that were specific to the heterogeneous phantom. The fluence correction factor was determined as a function of depth and was obtained from the ratio of the doses in water and in the phantom at the same effective depths. In the simulated prostate plan, composite doses of measurements and calculations agreed within ±1.3% and the maximum local dose differences of each field were 10.0%. Composite doses in the simulated head and neck plan agreed within 4.0% and the maximum local dose difference for each field was 12.0%. The dose difference for each field came within 2% when taking the measurement uncertainty into consideration. In the composite plan, the maximum dose uncertainty was estimated as 4.0% in the simulated prostate plan and 5.8% in the simulated head and neck plan. Film measurements showed good agreement, with more than 92.5% of points passing a gamma value (3%/3 mm). From these results, the heterogeneous phantom should be useful for verification of IMPT by using a phantom‐specific HU‐relative stopping power conversion, fluence correction factor, and dose error estimation due to the effective point of the chamber.
Romantic relationships and fading of affect for memories of the shared past
Authors: Zengel Bettina , Lee Ellen M. , Walker W. Richard , Skowronski John J.
Published: January 2019

The tendency for the affect associated with positive autobiographical events to fade less over time than the affect associated with negative autobiographical events (the fading affect bias, FAB) has been observed in a variety of contexts, but numerous mediators have been reported. This current study searches for the FAB, and for potential moderators of the FAB, in the context of romantic relationship memories. Both nonsexual types of memories and sexual types of memories showed the FAB. Moreover, the FAB emerged for memories of current relationships, but not for memories of past failed relationships. The FAB also emerged for securely attached individuals, but not for individuals exhibiting other attachment styles. In addition, the FAB was moderated by relationship quality, (for failed relationships) need to belong, sexual esteem, and sexual depression. Implications of these findings both for memory and for relationships are discussed.
Controlling Ambipolar Charge Transport in Isoindigo‐Based Conjugated Polymers by Altering Fluorine Substitution Position for High‐Performance Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Kim Minjun , Park Won‐Tae , Park Sang Ah , Park Cheol Woong , Ryu Seung Un , Lee Dae Hwan , Noh Yong‐Young , Park Taiho
Published: January 2019

A molecular design strategy to achieve highly balanced ambipolar charge transport for donor–acceptor (D–A) isoindigo (IIG)‐based copolymer through systematic selection of fluorination positions is reported. To study fluorine substitution site effects on electronic and structural properties, two fluorinated IIG‐based copolymers (PIIG‐iFT2 and PIIG‐oFT2) are synthesized, which contain two fluorine atoms at the bithiophene (T2) inner and outer site and compare them with a nonfluorinated copolymer of IIG and T2 (PIIG‐T2) as the reference polymer. Fluorination at the outer site of T2 in PIIG‐oFT2 polymer effectively lowers molecular energy levels and increases molecular planarity more than fluorination at the T2 inner site. PIIG‐oFT2 organic field‐effect transistors show highly balanced ambipolar mobility, hole mobility (μh)/electron mobility (μe) = 1 by increasing electron mobility, whereas PIIG‐T2 (μh/μe = 9.0) and PIIG‐iFT2 (μh/μe = 2.4) exhibit unbalanced ambipolar transport. The ambipolar complementary‐like inverter is also demonstrated by simple one‐time coating of PIIG‐oFT2 with gain = 21.
A Crosslinked Polytetrahydrofuran‐Borate‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Enabling Wide‐Working‐Temperature‐Range Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Du Aobing , Zhang Huanrui , Zhang Zhonghua , Zhao Jingwen , Cui Zili , Zhao Yimin , Dong Shanmu , Wang Longlong , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei
Published: January 2019

A polymer‐based magnesium (Mg) electrolyte is vital for boosting the development of high‐safety and flexible Mg batteries by virtue of its enormous advantages, such as significantly improved safety, potentially high energy density, ease of fabrication, and structural flexibility. Herein, a novel polytetrahydrofuran‐borate‐based gel polymer electrolyte coupling with glass fiber is synthesized via an in situ crosslinking reaction of magnesium borohydride [Mg(BH4)2] and hydroxyl‐terminated polytetrahydrofuran. This gel polymer electrolyte exhibits reversible Mg plating/stripping performance, high Mg‐ion conductivity, and remarkable Mg‐ion transfer number. The Mo6S8/Mg batteries assembled with this gel polymer electrolyte not only work well at wide temperature range (−20 to 60 °C) but also display unprecedented improvements in safety issues without suffering from internal short‐circuit failure even after a cutting test. This in situ crosslinking approach toward exploiting the Mg‐polymer electrolyte provides a promising strategy for achieving large‐scale application of Mg‐metal batteries.
A longitudinal study of work‐related psychosocial factors and injuries: Implications for the aging United States workforce
Authors: Baidwan Navneet K. , Gerberich Susan G. , Kim Hyun , Ryan Andrew , Church Timothy , Capistrant Beatrix
Published: January 2019

Introduction

This study aimed to identify psychosocial work factors that may individually or, in combination, influence injury outcomes among aging United States (U.S.) workers.

Methods

Data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (HRS) of 3305 working adults, aged 50 years and above, were used to identify associations between work‐related psychosocial factors and injury incidence from 2006 to 2014, using adjusted incidence rate ratios.

Results

Employees perceiving their work as high in psychological and physical demands/efforts, low in support, and rewards, compared to those in workplaces with low demands, high support, and high rewards, had a risk of injury two times greater. Males, compared with females, had a greater risk for injuries when interactions among several psychosocial work‐related factors were modeled.

Conclusions

The fact that important gender‐based differences emerged when interactions among the psychosocial factors and injury were modeled, suggests opportunities for further research and potential interventions to enhance the working environment.
Poly(lactic acid)–thermoplastic starch–cotton composites: Starch‐compatibilizing effects and composite biodegradability
Authors: de Macedo José Ricardo Nunes , dos Santos Demétrio Jackson , dos Santos Rosa Derval
Published: January 2019

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable, brittle, and high‐cost polymer, which can be applied over structural components and green packaging. In this study, we reinforced PLA with natural cotton (10 wt %) and thermoplastic starch (TPS; 3 wt %) to obtain a biodegradable and lower cost composite. TPS was incorporated in three distinct ways: it was blended, coated, and blended and coated. In this study, we investigated the compatibilization of TPS in the improvement of matrix‐reinforcement adhesion and increase in the tensile behavior without a compromise in biodegradation. The samples were investigated with thermal analysis, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, tensile testing, scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and hydrolytic degradation. The results show that the coupling effect was more pronounced in the PLATPS–cottonTPS(hybrid system with PLA and cotton) hybrid system. This formulation presented a higher glass‐transition temperature, thermal stability, storage modulus, wettability, and ductility. The TPS addition improved the adhesion between the matrix and starched cotton fiber and retarded abiotic biodegradation. These properties will allow for green applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47490.
Nafion membranes with a sulfonated organic additive for the use in vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Lee Yona , Kim Sangwon , Hempelmann Rolf , Jang Jong Hyun , Kim Hyoung‐Juhn , Han Jonghee , Kim Jihyun , Henkensmeier Dirk
Published: January 2019

Sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPCSA) was embedded into Nafion membranes in ratios of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt %. The absence of CuPCSA related peaks in WAXS patterns indicated that CuPCSA did not form crystalline phases during membrane formation. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were highest in the range of 2.5–5 wt % CuPCSA. As demonstrated for Nafion 212, the weight gain and swelling in water‐based solutions decreases when the sulfuric acid concentration increases from 0 to 2 M. In 2 M sulfuric acid, addition of CuPCSA increases the weight gain. In contact with VO2+, blue CuPCSA is oxidatively hydrolyzed to form colorless sulfonated phthalimide. XPS analysis showed that (1) this reaction is quantitative and (2) that the sulfonated phthalimide does not leach out from the membrane during operation in the flow battery. The coulomb efficiency increases with the amount of phthalimide. This affects the energy efficiency so strongly, that it follows the same trend as the coulomb efficiency. During cycling, the cell with Nafion/7.5 wt % filler showed the highest discharge capacity and the lowest difference between charge and discharge capacity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47547.
Carbon nanotubes array reinforced shape‐memory epoxy with fast responses to low‐power microwaves
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Wei , Liu Xiaopei , Zhang Chi , Zhou Hang , Song Shuwen
Published: January 2019

In this study, epoxy shape‐memory polymer (ESMP) was infiltrated into the scaffolds of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) array grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In the fabricated CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite, the CNTs interconnected with each other and a three‐dimensional (3D) network of the CNTs was formed. As a result, both thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite were higher than the random CNTs/ESMP composite fabricated by conventional high‐speed mechanical stirring. In the random CNTs/ESMP composite, the CNTs aggregated seriously in the matrix. Along the CNTs axis, The CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite showed a higher modulus and hardness than the random CNTs/ESMP composite, as revealed by nanoindentation tests. Under microwave radiation, the temperature of the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite increased more rapidly than pristine ESMP and the random CNTs/ESMP composite. Consequently, the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite showed a faster shape recovery speed compared with pristine ESMP and the random CNTs/ESMP composite in their microwave‐triggered shape memory behaviors. Especially, the CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite can recover the deformation fully in response to as low as 60 W microwaves. The presented CNTs array/ESMP nanocomposite with improved mechanical property and fast responses to low‐power microwaves may find potential applications in smart devices. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47563.
Authorship of Pauline epistles revisited
Authors: Savoy Jacques
Published: January 2019

The name Paul appears in 13 epistles, but is he the real author? According to different biblical scholars, the number of letters really attributed to Paul varies from 4 to 13, with a majority agreeing on seven. This article proposes to revisit this authorship attribution problem by considering two effective methods (Burrows' Delta, Labbé's intertextual distance). Based on these results, a hierarchical clustering is then applied showing that four clusters can be derived, namely: {Colossians‐Ephesians}, {1 and 2 Thessalonians}, {Titus, 1 and 2 Timothy}, and {Romans, Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians}. Moreover, a verification method based on the impostors' strategy indicates clearly that the group {Colossians‐Ephesians} is written by the same author who seems not to be Paul. The same conclusion can be found for the cluster {Titus, 1 and 2 Timothy}. The Letter to Philemon stays as a singleton, without any close stylistic relationship with the other epistles. Finally, a group of four letters {Romans, Galatians, 1 and 2 Corinthians} is certainly written by the same author (Paul), but the verification protocol also indicates that 2 Corinthians is related to 1 Thessalonians, rendering a clear and simple interpretation difficult.
Fabrication of NiC/MoC/NiMoO4 Heterostructured Nanorod Arrays as Stable Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Geng Shuo , Yang Weiwei , Yu Yongsheng
Published: January 2019

Developing noble‐metal‐free, earth‐abundant, highly active, and stable electrocatalysts with high efficiency for both hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions is of great importance for the development of overall water‐splitting devices, but still remains a challenging issue. Herein, a 3D heterostructured NiC/MoC/NiMoO4 electrocatalyst was prepared through a facile synthetic procedure. The electrocatalyst shows a superior catalytic activity and stability toward the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. The optimized NiC/MoC/NiMoO4 catalyst presents low overpotentials of 68 and 280 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 m KOH for the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, respectively. Assembled as an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, such a heterostructure shows quite a low cell voltage of 1.52 V at 10 mA cm−2 and remarkable stability for more than 20 h. This work provides a facile but efficient approach for the design and preparation of highly efficient bifunctional and self‐supported heterostructured electrocatalysts that can serve as promising candidates in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.
Anatoxin‐a adsorption by virgin and preloaded granular activated carbon
Authors: Vlad Silvia , Peldszus Sigrid , Anderson William B. , Huck Peter M.
Published: January 2019

Adsorption of the cyanotoxin anatoxin‐a (ANTX) in ultrapure water by five virgin and preloaded granular activated carbons (GACs) was examined using the bottle‐point technique; this article presents baseline adsorption data for ANTX not yet available in the literature. Of the virgin carbons, the two wood‐based carbons adsorbed ANTX more rapidly than the one coconut‐based or two coal‐based carbons. Virgin coal‐based carbons had the greatest equilibrium capacity (1.8–6.9 μg/mg at 1 μg/L aqueous ANTX) compared with their virgin coconut‐ and wood‐based counterparts (1.2 and 0.9–1.0 μg/mg, respectively). GAC preloading via exposure to surface water resulted in kinetic changes and reduced capacity. Preloaded coal‐based carbons adsorbed ANTX faster than the virgin equivalents. At environmentally relevant ANTX concentrations, coal‐based preloaded carbons retained higher equilibrium capacity (1.2 μg/mg) compared with coconut‐ and wood‐based carbons (1.0 and 0.6 μg/mg, respectively). Natural organic matter competition will affect adsorption performance and should be investigated.
Too good to be true? Psychological responses to uncommon options in risk–reward environments
Authors: Leuker Christina , Pachur Thorsten , Hertwig Ralph , Pleskac Timothy J.
Published: January 2019

Risks and rewards, or payoffs and probabilities, are inversely related in many choice environments. We investigated people's psychological responses to uncommon combinations of risk and reward that deviate from learned regularities (e.g., options that offer a high payoff with an unusually high probability) as they evaluated risky options. In two experiments (N = 183), participants first priced monetary gambles drawn from environments in which risks and rewards were negatively correlated, positively correlated, or uncorrelated. In later trials, they evaluated gambles with uncommon combinations of risk and reward—that is, options that deviated from the respective environment's risk–reward structure. Pricing, response times, and (in Experiment 2) pupil dilation were recorded. In both experiments, participants took more time when responding to uncommon compared to foreseeable options or when the same options were presented in an uncorrelated risk–reward environment. This result was most pronounced when the uncommon gambles offered higher expected values compared to the other gambles in the set. Moreover, these uncommon, high‐value options were associated with an increase in pupil size. These results suggest that people's evaluations of risky options are based not only on the options' payoffs and probabilities but also on the extent to which they fit the risk–reward structure of the environment.
Crossing boundaries: Exploring the theory, practice and possibility of a ‘Future 3’ curriculum
Authors: Pountney Richard , McPhail Graham
Published: January 2019

In this article, we examine a case of innovation in curriculum and pedagogy at a new school in the UK. We begin by outlining the 3 Futures model, which we use as a methodological heuristic in the case study of the school that appears to be both knowledge‐led and learner‐engaged; characteristics of the Future 3 scenario. In considering the school's curriculum, we also draw on a number of concepts from the work of Basil Bernstein: classification, framing and the idea of open schools, and a curriculum integration model developed by us to consider the degree of epistemic emphasis in the school's predominantly interdisciplinary curriculum. Together, these concepts provide the means to examine the organising principles of practice operating in the school, as links are drawn between the 3 Futures model, Bernstein's concepts and the data. We theorise this as a form of ‘opening up’, suggesting that even within the context of an interdisciplinary curriculum, access to powerful knowledge may be maintained in a whole‐school approach where the demands of both knowledge and knowers are brought into balance. The school's approach and the theorisation we offer may provide insights for other schools embarking on a futures model for education and for twenty‐first‐century educational discourses more generally.
Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriff auf Beton
Authors: Müller Matthias , Ludwig Horst‐Michael , Ehrhardt Dirk
Published: January 2019

Wiederholte Frost‐Tau‐Wechsel können in Zusammenhang mit der Einwirkung von Feuchtigkeit und Tausalzen eine Schädigung der Betonoberfläche durch Abwitterungen verursachen. Der Frost‐Tausalz‐Widerstand von Beton wird momentan vorwiegend über deskriptive Ansätze gewährleistet, also indirekt über Vorgaben zur Betonzusammensetzung und Nachbehandlung. Infolge des stetigen Wandels von Baustoffen und Bauweisen und dem damit verbundenen Verlust des Erfahrungshintergrunds wird mittelfristig das Performancekonzept auf der Basis genormter Prüfverfahren das deskriptive Konzept ablösen. Es ist zu erwarten, dass darüber hinaus auch für den Bereich des Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriffes probabilistische Modelle für eine Lebensdauerbemessung notwendig werden. Unverzichtbare Basis dafür ist ein tiefergreifendes Verständnis für den zugrunde liegenden Schadensmechanismus.

Obwohl der Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriff auf Beton seit vielen Jahrzehnten wichtiger Gegenstand der Forschung zur Betondauerhaftigkeit ist und eine Vielzahl von Schadensmodellen dazu entwickelt wurde, konnte eine widerspruchsfreie Beschreibung des Angriffes bisher nicht gegeben werden. In der jüngeren Vergangenheit wurden neue Schadenstheorien aufgestellt, die für sich in Anspruch nehmen, den Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriff umfassend abzubilden. Im Rahmen dieses Beitrags erfolgt eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit diesen neuartigen, aber auch mit den „historischen“ Modellen, um erste Grundlagen für eine Modellbildung des Frost‐Tausalz‐Angriffes zu legen.
Advancing environmental productivity: Organizational mindfulness and strategies
Authors: Umar Setiadi , Chunwe Gibson N.
Published: January 2019

This study investigates the importance of mindfulness‐based organization systems and policies on the organization's continuous efforts to become a greener company. The study is devised as a pooled cross‐sectional time series analysis of productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling of U.S. companies. The data set taken from U.S. Newsweek 500 recorded 600 companies dispersed into 63 industries during the period of 2012–2014 and provided 1,498 company–industry–year observations. The study found that systems and policies (e.g., deployment of third‐party auditors for its environmental metrics report; linkage of the remuneration of company's senior executive team with the achievement of environmental performance targets; and establishment of a committee at the Board of Directors' level whose mandate includes sustainability of the company in environment‐ and resource‐related matters) connect the company's mindfulness to its effort in improving the environmental quality through the company's productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling. The relationships are positive and significant. Also, systems and policies serve as a motivator for the firm to continue to improve upon the current achievements. The study emphasizes the importance of translating organizational and individual mindfulness into organization policies and systems in order to motivate the organization to continuously improve its productivity in energy consumption, water utilization, and waste generation and recycling leading to improvements in environmental quality.
Improved survival outcomes and restoration of graft‐vs‐leukemia effect by deferasirox after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Cho Byung‐Sik , Jeon Young‐Woo , Hahn A‐Reum , Lee Tai‐Hyang , Park Sung‐Soo , Yoon Jae‐Ho , Lee Sung‐Eun , Eom Ki‐Seong , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Lee Seok , Min Chang‐Ki , Cho Seok‐Goo , Lee Jong‐Wook , Min Woo‐Sung , Kim Hee‐Je
Published: January 2019

Deferasirox is an oral iron‐chelating agent having possible antileukemia and immune modulatory effects. Few reports have evaluated deferasirox in the setting of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). We investigated the impact of deferasirox after allo‐HSCT in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Of 326 consecutive patients undergoing allo‐HSCT in remission, analysis of 198 patients not receiving deferasirox revealed the negative prognostic effect of hyperferritinemia (≥1000 ng/mL) before and after allo‐HSCT on survival mainly due to increase in relapse. Of 276 patients with hyperferritinemia at 1 month after allo‐HSCT, 128 patients (46%) received deferasirox. Deferasirox induced a faster decline in serum ferritin level with a manageable safety profile, which significantly reduced relapse rather than nonrelapse mortality, resulting in better survival compared to patients not receiving deferasirox. Of note, the deferasirox group had a significantly higher incidence of chronic graft‐vs‐host disease, indicating improved graft‐vs‐leukemia (GVL) effects evidenced by the presence of suppressed regulatory T cells and sustained higher proportion of NK cells in peripheral blood. This study firstly demonstrates the improved survival and restoration of GVL effects of patients with AML by deferasirox, which also clarifies the detrimental effect of hyperferritinemia through after allo‐HSCT.