bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Age-dependent effects of systemic administration of oxytetracycline on the viscoelastic properties of rat tail tendons as a mechanistic basis for pharmacological treatment of flexural limb deformities in foals
Authors: Wintz Leslie R. , Lavagnino Michael , Gardner Keri L. , Sedlak Aleksa M. , Arnoczky Steven P.
Published: November 2012

Objective—To describe the effect of systemically administered oxytetracycline on the viscoelastic properties of rat tail tendon fascicles (TTfs) to provide a mechanistic rationale for pharmacological treatment of flexural limb deformities in foals.

Sample—TTfs from ten 1-month-old and ten 6-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Procedures—5 rats in each age group were administered oxytetracycline (50 mg/kg, IP, q 24 h) for 4 days. The remaining 5 rats in each age group served as untreated controls. Five days after initiation of oxytetracycline treatment, TTfs were collected and their viscoelastic properties were evaluated via a stress-relaxation protocol. Maximum modulus and equilibrium modulus were compared via a 2-way ANOVA. Collagen fibril size, density, and orientation in TTfs were compared between treated and control rats.

Results—Viscoelastic properties were significantly decreased in TTfs from 1-month-old oxytetracycline-treated rats, compared with those in TTfs from 1-month-old control rats. Oxytetracycline had no effect on the viscoelastic properties of TTfs from 6-month-old rats. Collagen fibril size, density, and orientation in TTfs from 1-month-old rats did not differ between oxytetracycline-treated and control rats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirmed that systemically administered oxytetracycline decreased the viscoelastic properties of TTfs from 1-month-old rats but not those of TTfs from 6-month-old rats. The decrease in viscoelastic properties associated with oxytetracycline treatment does not appear to be caused by altered collagen fibril diameter or organization. The age-dependent effect of oxytetracycline on the viscoelastic properties of tendons may be related to its effect on the maturation of the extracellular matrix of developing tendons.
Estimates of the pharmacokinetics of famciclovir and its active metabolite penciclovir in young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus)
Authors: Brock A. Paige , Isaza Ramiro , Hunter Robert P. , Richman Laura K. , Montali Richard J. , Schmitt Dennis L. , Koch David E. , Lindsay William A.
Published: November 2012

Objective—To determine plasma pharmacokinetics of penciclovir following oral and rectal administration of famciclovir to young Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).

Animals—6 healthy Asian elephants (5 females and 1 male), 4.5 to 9 years old and weighing 1,646 to 2,438 kg.

Procedures—Famciclovir was administered orally or rectally in accordance with an incomplete crossover design. Three treatment groups, each comprising 4 elephants, received single doses of famciclovir (5 mg/kg, PO, or 5 or 15 mg/kg, rectally); there was a minimum 12-week washout period between subsequent famciclovir administrations. Serial blood samples were collected after each administration. Samples were analyzed for famciclovir and penciclovir with a validated liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy assay.

Results—Famciclovir was tolerated well for both routes of administration and underwent complete biotransformation to the active metabolite, penciclovir. Mean maximum plasma concentration of penciclovir was 1.3 μg/mL at 1.1 hours after oral administration of 5 mg/kg. Similar results were detected after rectal administration of 5 mg/kg. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 3.6 μg/mL at 0.66 hours after rectal administration of 15 mg/kg; this concentration was similar to results reported for humans receiving 7 mg/kg orally.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Juvenile Asian elephants are susceptible to elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus. Although most infections are fatal, case reports indicate administration of famciclovir has been associated with survival of 3 elephants. In Asian elephants, a dose of 8 to 15 mg of famciclovir/kg given orally or rectally at least every 8 hours may result in penciclovir concentrations that are considered therapeutic in humans.
Use of the oxygen content–based index, Fshunt, as an indicator of pulmonary venous admixture at various inspired oxygen fractions in anesthetized sheep
Authors: Araos Joaquin D. , Larenza M. Paula , Boston Raymond C. , De Monte Valentina , De Marzo Carmelinda , Grasso Salvatore , Haskins Steve C. , Crovace Antonio , Staffieri Francesco
Published: November 2012

Objective—To evaluate the use of the oxygen content–based index, Fshunt, as an indicator of venous admixture (s/t) at various fractions of inspired oxygen (Fio2s) in anesthetized sheep undergoing Flung or 2-lung ventilation.

Animals—6 healthy adult female sheep.

Procedures—Sheep were anesthetized and administered 5 different Fio2s (0.21, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00) in random order during 2-lung mechanical ventilation. Arterial and mixed venous blood samples were obtained at each Fio2 after a 15-minute stabilization period. Vital capacity alveolar recruitment maneuvers were performed after blood collection. The previously used Fio2 sequence was reversed for sample collection during Flung ventilation. Blood samples were analyzed for arterial, pulmonary end-capillary, and mixed venous oxygen content and partial pressure and for hemoglobin concentration. Oxygen hemoglobin saturation, s/t, Fshunt, and oxygen tension–based indices (OTIs; including Pao2:Fio2, alveolar-arterial difference in partial pressure of oxygen [Pao2 – Pao2], [Pao2 – Pao2]:Fio2, [Pao2 – Pao2]:Pao2, and Pao2:Pao2) were calculated at each Fio2; associations were evaluated with linear regression analysis, concordance, and correlation tests. Intermethod agreement between s/t and Fshunt was tested via Bland-Altman analysis.

Results—Strong and significant associations and substantial agreement were detected between Fshunt and s/t. Relationships between OTIs and s/t varied, but overall correlations were weak.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Whereas OTIs were generally poor indicators of s/t, Fshunt was a good indicator of s/t at various Fio2s, regardless of the magnitude of s/t, and could be potentially used as a surrogate for s/t measurements in healthy sheep.
Axial stiffness and ring deformation of complete and incomplete single ring circular external skeletal fixator constructs
Authors: Hudson Caleb C. , Lewis Daniel D. , Cross Alan R. , Horodyski MaryBeth , Banks Scott A. , Pozzi Antonio
Published: November 2012

Objective—To compare the axial stiffness, maximum axial displacement, and ring deformation during axial loading of single complete and incomplete circular (ring) external skeletal fixator constructs.

Sample—32 groups of single ring constructs (5 constructs/group).

Procedures—Single ring constructs assembled with 2 divergent 1.6-mm-diameter Kirschner wires were used to stabilize a 60-mm-long segment of 16-mm-diameter acetyl resin rod. Construct variables included ring type (complete or incomplete), ring diameter (50, 66, 84, or 118 mm), and fixation wire tension (0, 30, 60, or 90 kg). Axial loading was performed with a materials testing system. Construct secant stiffness and maximum displacement were calculated from the load-displacement curves generated for each construct. Ring deformation was calculated by comparing ring diameter during and after construct loading to ring diameter prior to testing.

Results—Complete ring constructs had greater axial stiffness than did the 66-, 84-, and 118-mm-diameter incomplete ring constructs. As fixation wire tension increased, construct stiffness increased in the 66-, 84-, and 118-mm-diameter incomplete ring constructs. Maximum axial displacement decreased with increasing fixation wire tension, and complete ring constructs allowed less displacement than did incomplete ring constructs. Incomplete rings were deformed by wire tensioning and construct loading.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Mechanical performance of the 66-, 84-, and 118-mm-diameter incomplete ring constructs improved when wire tension was applied, but these constructs were not as stiff as and allowed greater displacement than did complete ring constructs of comparable diameter. For clinical practice, tensioning the wires placed on 84- and 118-mm-diameter incomplete rings to 60 kg is recommended.
Long-term outcome of cats and dogs with acute kidney injury treated with intermittent hemodialysis: 135 cases (1997–2010)
Authors: Eatroff Adam E. , Langston Cathy E. , Chalhoub Serge , Poeppel Karen , Mitelberg Eleonora
Published: November 2012

Objective—To determine the long-term outcome for small animal patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) treated with intermittent hemodialysis (IHD).

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—42 cats and 93 dogs treated with IHD for AKI.

Procedures—Medical records of cats and dogs treated with IHD for AKI from January 1997 to October 2010 were reviewed. Standard methods of survival analysis with Kaplan-Meier product limit curves were used. The log-rank, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to determine whether outcome, number of IHD treatments, or duration of hospitalization was different when dogs and cats were classified according to specific variables.

Results—The overall survival rate at the time of hospital discharge was 50% (21/42) for cats and 53% (49/93) for dogs. The overall survival rate 30 days after hospital discharge was 48% (20/42) for cats and 42% (39/93) for dogs. The overall survival rate 365 days after hospital discharge was 38% (16/42) for cats and 33% (31/93) for dogs. For all-cause mortality, the median survival time was 7 days (95% confidence interval, 0 to 835 days) for cats and 9 days (95% confidence interval, 0 to 55 days) for dogs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats and dogs with AKI treated with IHD have survival rates similar to those of human patients. Although there was a high mortality rate prior to hospital discharge, those patients that survived to discharge had a high probability of long-term survival.
Preparation of a new metallomicelle catalyst for the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate
Authors: Xie Jia-Qing , Li Ci , Wang Min , Jiang Bing-Ying
Published: November 2012

A new metallomicellar system containing cerium(III), a macrocylic polyamine ligand, and the nonionic surfactant Brij35(polyoxyethylene(23) lauryl ether) was prepared and used as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP). Catalytic rate of the BNPP hydrolysis was measured kinetically using the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The results indicate that the metallomicellar system has relatively high stability and excellent catalytic function in the BNPP hydrolysis; also, the reaction rate of the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis increased by a factor of ca. 1 × 1010 compared to the BNPP spontaneous hydrolysis due to the catalytic effect of the active species and the local concentration effect of the micelles in the metallomicellar system. Experimental results also showed that the mono-hydroxy complex containing the macrocyclic polyamine ligand and cerium(III) is the real active species in the BNPP catalytic hydrolysis, and that the micelles provide a useful catalytic environment for the reaction. On basis of the research results, the reaction mechanism of BNPP catalytic hydrolysis has been proposed.
Modelling of kinetics of microbial degradation of simulated leachate from tobacco dust waste
Authors: Ćosić Ivana , Vuković Marija , Gomzi Zoran , Briški Felicita
Published: November 2012

This paper presents a kinetic analysis of the biodegradation of organic pollutants in a batch bioreactor and investigates the kinetic properties of activated sludge using different mathematical models. The treatment was conducted for different initial concentrations of leachate from 500 mg dm−3 to 5000 mg dm−3 and initial concentrations of activated sludge from 1.84 g dm−3 to 6.62 g dm−3 over 48 h. Four different kinetic models were applied to the data. The kinetic analysis was performed with the traditional Monod model, the modified Monod model with endogenous metabolism, the Haldane model, and the Haldane model extended to include endogenous metabolic consumption and known as the Endo-Haldane model. Kinetic parameters for each model were determined using differential analysis and the Nelder-Mead method of non-linear regression. The lowest deviations and very good matches with the experimental data were achieved using the Endo-Haldane model. This indicated that this model best described the process of biodegradation of leachate from tobacco waste composting. This is due to this model incorporating the effects both of inhibition and endogenous metabolism.
Synthesis and catalytic performance of MCM-41 modified with tetracarboxylphthalocyanine
Authors: Zhang Ya-Ping , Xue Ke-Chuang , Zhang Wei-Ping , Song Chao , Zhang Rong-Lan , Zhao Jian-She
Published: November 2012

A series of tetracarboxylphthalocyanines (MPc(COOH)4, M = H, Mn(II), Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II)) were anchored onto MCM-41 by the following procedures: functionalization of MCM-41 with (EtO)3SiCH2CH2CH2NH2 reacting with surface Si-OH, and anchoring MPc(COOH)4 onto MCM-41 with a substitution reaction between chloroformyl and amino groups. The samples were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Catalytic activity of oxidation was tested using solutions of ethanethiol in petroleum ether and thiophene in octane; CoPc-CONH-MCM-41 displayed the highest conversion ratio of 90.15 % and 93.79 %, respectively.
Creative Workshops as a Qualitative Research Tool
Authors: Richards Martyn
Published: November 2012

Many commentators tell us that the qualitative research tools in most common use, while fit for many purposes, are ineffective in discovering the emotional reasons behind behaviour. In my arena - children and young people's research - I am seeking to address this with the development of creative workshops. With this, I have for the first time combined my dual backgrounds of qualitative research and drama (before retraining as a researcher, I was in theatre for 15 years as an actor and director, including many productions for children). Workshops will comprise a mix of research and drama exercises, together accessing areas normally hidden during, for instance, standard focus groups. The impetus for this development comes from a current trend to involve storytelling in research in some way or another.
‘Pick Any’ Measures Contaminate Brand Image Studies
Authors: Dolnicar Sara , Rossiter John R. , Grün Bettina
Published: November 2012

Brand image measures using the typical ‘pick any’ answer format have been shown to be unstable (Rungie et al. 2005). In the present study, we find that these poor stability results are mainly caused by the pick-any measure itself because it allows consumers to evade reporting true associations. Using a forcedchoice binary measure, we find that stable brand attribute associations are in fact present with much higher incidence (70%), thus outperforming both the measures predominantly used in industry (pick-any, 41%) and academia (7-point scale measure, 59%). Under simulated optimal conditions, the forced-choice binary measure leads to 90% stability of brand-attribute associations and is therefore recommended as the optimal answer format for brand image studies.
One, Few or Many?: An Integrated Framework for Identifying the Items in Measurement Scales
Authors: Malhotra Naresh K. , Mukhopadhyay Soumya , Liu Xiaoyan , Dash Satyabhusan
Published: November 2012

Churchill (1979) proposed a detailed procedure for the development of better multi-item measures that has become popular. Recently, however, many scholars have challenged this dominant paradigm. They argue that, in many marketing contexts where the target construct has a precise and concrete definition, long multi-item measures can be substituted by shorter measures with fewer items, or even single-item measures. This has resulted in the controversy around the relative superiority of single- versus multi-item scales. We review the extant literature to summarise various arguments in favour of (or against) multi-item and singleitem measures, respectively. Moreover, we propose an integrated framework for developing a new scale, reducing long multi-item scales to shorter multi-item measures or to single-item measures, or to expand an existing short (single-item) scale. The significant contributions of this paper to the literature are identified.
Thermally activated redox-processes in V2O5-x
under high oxygen partial pressures investigated by means of impedance spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering
Authors: Harth Manuel , Mitdank Rüdiger , Habel Daniela , Görke Oliver , Tovar Michael , Winter Helmut , Schubert Helmut
Published: November 2012

Electrochemical methods have been applied in the catalytic system V2O5 in order to investigate the redox properties and their correlation with catalytic properties. Temperature programmed conductivity measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy enabled us to determine the onset of a thermally induced reduction at about 380°C. Rutherford backscattering analysis provides evidence for a reduction from V+5 to V+4. Experiments under different oxygen partial pressures showed that the vanadyl oxygen is involved in the reduction process and it was possible to determine the energy of formation for an oxygen vacancy as 1.23 ± 0.03 eV. The removability of the vanadyl oxygen is assumed to be a key factor for the catalytic activity so that it can be characterized by macroscopic transport properties.
Adherence to Pancreatic Enzyme Supplementation: In Adolescents with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Faulkner Colleen , Taper L. Janette , Scott Marjorie
Published: November 2012

Purpose: Levels of adherence to pancreatic enzyme supplementation were investigated in Atlantic Canada adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF).

Methods: Participants were recruited from CF clinics at the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia, and the Janeway Children’s Health & Rehabilitation Centre in St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador. Self-report questionnaires were mailed to potential participants (n=51) by clinic staff and completed surveys (n=9) were mailed to the principal investigator.

Results: Nine adolescents (mean age 15.2 ± 1.9 years) participated in the study. The adherence survey indicated that the majority perceived themselves to be adherent to taking enzymes with meals (67%), but only 44% perceived themselves to be adherent to taking enzymes with snacks. Recorded amounts of enzymes, taken over three days, indicated that 67% of participants were actually adherent to taking enzymes with meals and 56% with snacks. Including those who correctly predicted non-adherence, 56% and 44% of participants accurately predicted their adherence to taking enzymes with meals and snacks, respectively.

Conclusions: Adherence rates in the literature vary because of differences in definition and measurement. In the CF population, adherence has been shown to have a positive effect on quality of life. Results for this small group of patients suggest that Atlantic Canada adolescents with CF are able to estimate correctly their adherence to taking pancreatic enzymes, but definite conclusions cannot be made because of the small number of respondents.
Impact of particular antiepileptic drugs on the survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Guthrie Greg D. , Eljamel Sam
Published: November 2012

Object

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common astrocytic brain tumor and carries a dire prognosis. Despite current therapeutic options—surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy—survival varies from 11.3 to 14.6 months. A group of drugs known as histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDIs) has demonstrated a potentially beneficial role in cancer treatment, particularly in combination with other therapies. A drug that exhibits potential as an HDI is sodium valproate (VPA), which is frequently used to treat seizures in patients with cerebral neoplasms. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of VPA as an antitumor agent in the management of patients with GBM.

Methods

A review was conducted in terms of how HDIs work, the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and the effects of AEDs on survival in a local cohort of patients diagnosed with GBM. The local cohort of patients was determined by reviewing the electronic histopathology and AED informatics systems. A meta-analysis of papers on the use of AEDs in GBM was also performed.

Results

The local cohort consisted of 236 patients with GBM, 210 of whom had complete data available for analysis, a median age of 62 years, and 1-year survival of 26%. Patients treated with AEDs had a significantly longer survival than those who were not (Mantel-Cox log-rank test 19.617, p < 0.001). Those treated with VPA had significantly longer survival than those who did not receive an AED (Mantel-Cox log-rank test 17.506, p < 0.001), and patients treated with VPA had a significantly longer survival than those who had received other AEDs (Mantel-Cox log-rank test 5.303, p < 0.02).

Conclusions

Authors of this study demonstrated evidence supporting the theory that VPA may benefit patients with GBM in terms of survival.
Laser speckle imaging identification of increases in cortical microcirculatory blood flow induced by motor activity during awake craniotomy
Authors: Klijn Eva , Hulscher Hester C. , Balvers Rutger K. , Holland Wim P. J. , Bakker Jan , Vincent Arnaud J. P. E. , Dirven Clemens M. F. , Ince Can
Published: November 2012

Object

The goal of awake neurosurgery is to maximize resection of brain lesions with minimal injury to functional brain areas. Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a noninvasive macroscopic technique with high spatial and temporal resolution used to monitor changes in capillary perfusion. In this study, the authors hypothesized that LSI can be useful as a noncontact method of functional brain mapping during awake craniotomy for tumor removal. Such a modality would be an advance in this type of neurosurgery since current practice involves the application of invasive intraoperative single-point electrocortical (electrode) stimulation and measurements.

Methods

After opening the dura mater, patients were woken up, and LSI was set up to image the exposed brain area. Patients were instructed to follow a rest-activation-rest protocol in which activation consisted of the hand-clenching motor task. Subsequently, exposed brain areas were mapped for functional motor areas by using standard electrocortical stimulation (ECS). Changes in the LSI signal were analyzed offline and compared with the results of ECS.

Results

In functional motor areas of the hand mapped with ECS, cortical blood flow measured using LSI significantly increased from 2052 ± 818 AU to 2471 ± 675 AU during hand clenching, whereas capillary blood flow did not change in the control regions (areas mapped using ECS with no functional activity).

Conclusions

The main finding of this study was that changes in laser speckle perfusion as a measure of cortical microvascular blood flow when performing a motor task with the hand relate well to the ECS map. The authors have shown the feasibility of using LSI for direct visualization of cortical microcirculatory blood flow changes during neurosurgery.
Outcome after transfer of intercostal nerves to the nerve of triceps long head in 25 adult patients with total brachial plexus root avulsion injury
Authors: Gao KaiMing , Lao Jie , Zhao Xin , Gu YuDong
Published: November 2012

Object

The intercostal nerves (ICNs) have been used to repair the triceps branch in some organizations in the world, but the reported results differ significantly. The effect of this procedure requires evaluation. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the outcome of ICN transfer to the nerve of the long head of the triceps muscle and to determine the factors affecting the outcome of this procedure.

Methods

A retrospective review was conducted in 25 patients with global root avulsion brachial plexus injuries who underwent ICN transfer. The nerves of the long head of the triceps were the recipient nerves in all patients. The ICNs were used in 2 different ways: 2 ICNs were used as donor nerves in 18 patients, and 3 ICNs were used in 7 patients. The mean follow-up period was 5.6 years.

Results

The effective rate of motor recovery in the 25 patients was 56% for the function of the long head of the triceps. There was no significant difference in functional recovery between the patients with 2 or 3 ICN transfers. The outcome of this procedure was not altered if combined with phrenic nerve transfer to the biceps branch. Patients in whom surgery was delayed 6 months or less achieved better results.

Conclusions

The transfer of ICNs to the nerve of long head of the triceps is an effective procedure for treating global brachial plexus avulsion injuries, even if combined with phrenic nerve transfer to the biceps branch. Two ICNs appear to be sufficient for donation. The earlier the surgery is performed, the better are the results achieved.
Surgical indication and outcome in patients with postoperative retethered cord syndrome
Authors: Hayashi Toshiaki , Takemoto Jun , Ochiai Tatsuhiro , Kimiwada Tomomi , Shirane Reizo , Sakai Kiyohide , Nakagawa Haruo , Tominaga Teiji
Published: November 2012

Object

After untethering of spinal dysraphism, some patients present with neurological deterioration, defined as retethered cord syndrome. It is known that surgical untethering is an option for improving the symptoms of retethered cord syndrome. Previous reports have shown that postoperative improvement in retethered cord syndrome was noted in the majority of patients presenting with pain, and in more patients with motor weakness than in those with urological symptoms. The authors speculate that subjective symptoms may be detected while symptoms are still reversible. In contrast, changes in urological function are less easy to diagnose, and delays in treatment may be complicated by advanced symptoms. In this study, patients with retethered cord syndrome were evaluated to investigate the benefits of performing routine urodynamic study to detect detrusor overactivity, which is considered to be a subclinical change of urological function, and to investigate the efficacy of early untethering surgery on the symptoms of retethered cord syndrome.

Methods

Surgical indications and outcomes of 78 untethering operations (20 for myelomeningocele, 58 for spinal lipoma) for retethered cord syndrome were examined. Diagnosis of retethered cord syndrome was defined by a multidisciplinary spina bifida team, and included routine urodynamic study.

Results

Preoperative symptoms included urological symptoms (70%), lower-extremity symptoms (45%), and others. The most frequent urological symptom was detrusor overactivity detected by urodynamic study (88.7%). Urinary incontinence was only found in 9.4% of patients. Postoperatively, progressive motor weakness improved in all patients, and sensory symptoms improved in 94%. Urological symptoms improved in 80% of the patients with urinary incontinence and in 75% of the patients with detrusor overactivity. Postoperative urodynamic study showed a significant increase in bladder volume (p < 0.05). The most common complication was temporary lower leg paresthesia that recovered at follow-up. Aggravated dysuria was noted in 3 patients.

Conclusions

Early untethering operations offer symptomatic relief to patients with retethered cord syndrome. Urodynamic study findings, especially detrusor overactivity, are considered to be the most significant indicators for early diagnosis of retethered cord syndrome.
Behind the Battle Lines of History as Politics: An International and Intergenerational Methodology for Testing the Social Identity Thesis of History Education
Authors: Taylor Tony , Collins Sue
Published: November 2012

This article critiques popular assumptions that underlie the ongoing politicisation of school history curriculum as an agent of social identity and behaviour. It raises some key research questions which need further investigation and suggests a potential methodology for establishing evidence-based understanding of the relationship between history education, historical consciousness, identity politics and civil discord. The proposed methodology is based on comparative research of the lived experience of history education and social disposition in two generations in three modern democratic nations each of which represent in their recent histories different models of social integration. The article suggests that without such evidence-based theorisation of the relationship between historical consciousness and social identity, the evolution of history curricula will remain vulnerable to the ongoing incursions of hostile but poorly conceived political rhetoric.
Towards Automatic Vandalism Detection in OpenStreetMap
Authors: Neis Pascal , Goetz Marcus , Zipf Alexander
Published: November 2012

The OpenStreetMap (OSM) project, a well-known source of freely available worldwide geodata collected by volunteers, has experienced a consistent increase in popularity in recent years. One of the main caveats that is closely related to this popularity increase is different types of vandalism that occur in the projects database. Since the applicability and reliability of crowd-sourced geodata, as well as the success of the whole community, are heavily affected by such cases of vandalism, it is essential to counteract those occurrences. The question, however, is: How can the OSM project protect itself against data vandalism? To be able to give a sophisticated answer to this question, different cases of vandalism in the OSM project have been analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the current OSM database and its contributions have been investigated by applying a variety of tests based on other Web 2.0 vandalism detection tools. The results gathered from these prior steps were used to develop a rule-based system for the automated detection of vandalism in OSM. The developed prototype provides useful information about the vandalism types and their impact on the OSM project data.
Effects of Nickel, Chlorpyrifos and Their Mixture on the Dictyostelium discoideum Proteome
Authors: Boatti Lara , Robotti Elisa , Marengo Emilio , Viarengo Aldo , Marsano Francesco
Published: November 2012

Mixtures of chemicals can have additive, synergistic or antagonistic interactions. We investigated the effects of the exposure to nickel, the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos at effect concentrations (EC) of 25% and 50% and their binary mixture (Ec25 + EC25) on Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae based on lysosomal membrane stability (LMS). We treated D. discoideum with these compounds under controlled laboratory conditions and evaluated the changes in protein levels using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) proteomic approach. Nickel treatment at EC25 induced changes in 14 protein spots, 12 of which were down-regulated. Treatment with nickel at EC50 resulted in changes in 15 spots, 10 of which were down-regulated. Treatment with chlorpyrifos at EC25 induced changes in six spots, all of which were down-regulated; treatment with chlorpyrifos at EC50 induced changes in 13 spots, five of which were down-regulated. The mixture corresponding to EC25 of each compound induced changes in 19 spots, 13 of which were down-regulated. The data together reveal that a different protein expression signature exists for each treatment, and that only a few proteins are modulated in multiple different treatments. For a simple binary mixture, the proteomic response does not allow for the identification of each toxicant. The protein spots that showed significant differences were identified by mass spectrometry, which revealed modulations of proteins involved in metal detoxification, stress adaptation, the oxidative stress response and other cellular processes.
1-{4-[(1-Isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinolin-4yl)amino]phenyl}ethanone
Authors: Dinesha  , Viveka Shivapura , Laxmeshwar Sandeep S. , Nagaraja Gundibasappa Karikannar
Published: November 2012

The title compound (3) is synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of 4-chloro-1-isobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]quinoline 2 with 4-amino acetophenone in n-butanol. Newly prepared imiquimod derivative (3) is characterized by IR, NMR and mass spectral data.
Isolation and Identification of the Phenolic Compounds from the Roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Liu Xin , Zhang Zi-Long , He Lu , Wang Zhe , Wang Guang-Shu
Published: November 2012

Four phenolic compounds were isolated from the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, their structures were identified as methyl 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosy-5-hydroxy-3-methoxylbenzoate (1), 3,3′,4′-tri-O-methylellagic acid (2), fisetinidol-(4α-8)-catechin (3), and (+)-catechin (4). Compound 1 is a new phenolic glycoside and compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the Sanguisorba genus for the first time. Compounds 1–4 were also assayed for their antioxidant activities using the DPPH free radical assay.
A Vegetation Index to Estimate Terrestrial Gross Primary Production Capacity for the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C)/Second-Generation Global Imager (SGLI) Satellite Sensor
Authors: Thanyapraneedkul Juthasinee , Muramatsu Kanako , Daigo Motomasa , Furumi Shinobu , Soyama Noriko , Nasahara Kenlo Nishida , Muraoka Hiroyuki , Noda Hibiki M. , Nagai Shin , Maeda Takahisa , Mano Masayoshi , Mizoguchi Yasuko
Published: November 2012

To estimate global gross primary production (GPP), which is an important parameter for studies of vegetation productivity and the carbon cycle, satellite data are useful. In 2014, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to launch the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) satellite carrying the second-generation global imager (SGLI). The data obtained will be used to estimate global GPP. The rate of photosynthesis depends on photosynthesis reduction and photosynthetic capacity, which is the maximum photosynthetic velocity at light saturation under adequate environmental conditions. Photosynthesis reduction is influenced by weather conditions, and photosynthetic capacity is influenced by chlorophyll and RuBisCo content. To develop the GPP estimation algorithm, we focus on photosynthetic capacity because chlorophyll content can be detected by optical sensors. We hypothesized that the maximum rate of low-stress GPP (called “GPP capacity”) is mainly dependent on the chlorophyll content that can be detected by a vegetation index (VI). The objective of this study was to select an appropriate VI with which to estimate global GPP capacity with the GCOM-C/SGLI. We analyzed reflectance data to select the VI that has the best linear correlation with chlorophyll content at the leaf scale and with GPP capacity at canopy and satellite scales. At the satellite scale, flux data of seven dominant plant functional types and reflectance data obtained by the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used because SGLI data were not available. The results indicated that the green chlorophyll index, CIgreen(ρNIR/ρgreen-1), had a strong linear correlation with chlorophyll content at the leaf scale (R2 = 0.87, p < 0.001) and with GPP capacity at the canopy (R2 = 0.78, p < 0.001) and satellite scales (R2 = 0.72, p < 0.01). Therefore, CIgreen is a robust and suitable vegetation index for estimating global GPP capacity.
Track Detection in Railway Sidings Based on MEMS Gyroscope Sensors
Authors: Broquetas Antoni , Comerón Adolf , Gelonch Antoni , Fuertes Josep M. , Castro J. Antonio , Felip Damià , López Miguel A. , Pulido José A.
Published: November 2012

The paper presents a two-step technique for real-time track detection in single-track railway sidings using low-cost MEMS gyroscopes. The objective is to reliably know the path the train has taken in a switch, diverted or main road, immediately after the train head leaves the switch. The signal delivered by the gyroscope is first processed by an adaptive low-pass filter that rejects noise and converts the temporal turn rate data in degree/second units into spatial turn rate data in degree/meter. The conversion is based on the travelled distance taken from odometer data. The filter is implemented to achieve a speed-dependent cut-off frequency to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. Although direct comparison of the filtered turn rate signal with a predetermined threshold is possible, the paper shows that better detection performance can be achieved by processing the turn rate signal with a filter matched to the rail switch curvature parameters. Implementation aspects of the track detector have been optimized for real-time operation. The detector has been tested with both simulated data and real data acquired in railway campaigns.
Paper Withdrawn by the Authors before the Issue Release
Authors: Lin Shu-Kun
Published: November 2012

The following paper: “Jung, S.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, S. Bloom Filter-Based Advanced Traceback Scheme in Wireless Sensor Networks. Sensors 2012, 12, 16250-16261.” has been withdrawn at the request of the authors before the issue release of Sensors Volume 12, Issue 12. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause. [...]
The Staphylococci Phages Family: An Overview
Authors: Deghorain Marie , Van Melderen Laurence
Published: November 2012

Due to their crucial role in pathogenesis and virulence, phages of Staphylococcus aureus have been extensively studied. Most of them encode and disseminate potent staphylococcal virulence factors. In addition, their movements contribute to the extraordinary versatility and adaptability of this prominent pathogen by improving genome plasticity. In addition to S. aureus, phages from coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are gaining increasing interest. Some of these species, such as S. epidermidis, cause nosocomial infections and are therefore problematic for public health. This review provides an overview of the staphylococcal phages family extended to CoNS phages. At the morphological level, all these phages characterized so far belong to the Caudovirales order and are mainly temperate Siphoviridae. At the molecular level, comparative genomics revealed an extensive mosaicism, with genes organized into functional modules that are frequently exchanged between phages. Evolutionary relationships within this family, as well as with other families, have been highlighted. All these aspects are of crucial importance for our understanding of evolution and emergence of pathogens among bacterial species such as Staphylococci.
Anatomy, ultrastructure, and secretory activity of the floral nectaries in Swietenia macrophylla (Meliaceae)
Authors: Paiva Elder A. S.
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: While mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is one of the most important forest species in the Amazon region, little is known about its reproductive biology. Knowledge about the nectary structure and dynamics of nectar production of this species represent a key step toward understanding its relationship with pollinators.

• Methods: Mahogany tree floral buds and flowers in anthesis were collected, fixed, and processed for study by light and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of nectar and the nectary pigments was also studied.

• Key results: Both staminate and pistillate flowers have nectaries, which contain a papillose epidermis and stomata. The nectariferous tissue is parenchymatous, with the cell cytoplasm primarily containing mitochondria and plastids. Secretory activity initiates at the beginning of anthesis, which occurs at nightfall. Flowers undergoing anthesis become structurally modified, with starch grains in the plastids disappearing. The number of plastoglobuli in the plastids also increases when nectaries change color from pale yellow to intense red. Pistillate and staminate flowers produce meager nectar rewards.

• Conclusions: Changes in plastoglobuli number seem to be related to an increase in carotenes and color changes during anthesis. Carotenes can be linked to the protection of the plant against oxidative stress, which results from secretory activities. Nectary color has a limited role as a pollinator attractant. Floral rewards comprise small nectar droplets in both flower types, in addition to a few pollen grains in staminate flowers. These meager rewards are probably adapted to attract small generalist insects.
Comment Winnicott a découvert « son » enfant
Authors: Lehmann Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2012

L’enfant de Winnicott a été découvert par lui en trois étapes. La première a été celle du couple nourrice-nourrisson. La seconde, à travers l’analyse des psychotiques, celle du « développement affectif primaire ». La troisième, celle du chevauchement des deux aires de jeu.
« J'apprendrai à lire à 18 ans ! » : déchiffrage d'un désir
Authors: Saladin Catherine
Published: November 2012

Quelle place le symptôme de « l’enfant qui n’apprend pas » occupe-t-il pour les parents, le pédagogue, le psychanalyste et comment entendre la demande de cet enfant dans le cadre du CMP ?
De l'analyse en institution ? Ou de la parole vagabonde
Authors: Djerbi Frédérique
Published: November 2012

À partir de la clinique quotidienne d’une consultation en CMPP pour enfants, il s’agit ici de dégager ce qui rend la parole opérante, là même où se concentrent les enjeux d’une ségrégation sociale de plus en plus féroce.
Les « enfants-sorciers » ou les rejetons de la guerre en Afrique Équatoriale. Un défi pour l'anthropologie psychanalytique
Authors: Degorge Virginie , Douville Olivier
Published: November 2012

Prenant appui sur leurs expériences de terrain en Afrique auprès d’enfants et d’adolescents errants, et pour certains d’entre eux, anciens enfants sous la guerre, les auteurs interrogent le sens et la fonction de l’apparition du terme d’enfant-sorcier. Ce terme qui désigne souvent des enfants et des adolescents en grande précarité est le symptôme d’une cassure très importante des systèmes traditionnels de filiation et d’affiliation. Quelles conséquences ce phénomène a-t-il au plan anthropologique et clinique ?
Peut-on faire virtuellement équipe ?
Authors: Chevrier Sylvie
Published: November 2012

Résumé À l’heure de la mise en réseau à l’échelle planétaire, des équipes de travail dispersées sur plusieurs continents et reliées par des moyens technologiques sont enjointes de réaliser des projets communs. Peut-on faire équipe quand les membres se tiennent à distance, sont issus de multiples cultures, s’expriment dans plusieurs langues, appartiennent à des institutions diverses et se rattachent à des identités professionnelles différentes ? Cet article s’appuie sur l’étude de trois équipes virtuelles dans le secteur des télécommunications pour analyser les processus de management, de leadership et de communication mobilisés dans ces équipes ainsi que leurs effets sur les interactions sociales. Malgré une série d’obstacles à l’engagement, à l’identification sociale et au développement du sentiment d’appartenance, la variété des dynamiques sociales à l’œuvre montre que les termes d’« équipe virtuelle » ne constituent pas une oxymore.
L'interstitiel et la fabrique de l'équipe
Authors: Fustier Paul
Published: November 2012

Résumé Dans la vie en institution, il existe des espaces-temps paradoxaux qui sont des lieux où s’entremêlent des échanges concernant les pratiques professionnelles mais aussi la vie privée. Ces zones de « travail-non travail » nommés espaces interstitiels sont des espace-temps qui ont affaire à la fabrique de l’équipe. L’apparente banalité des paroles qui s’y échangent recouvre en vérité des affects puissants ; c’est, en effet, dans les interstices, que les membres d’une institution expérimentent le plaisir de vivre ensemble en se reconnaissant mutuellement comme étant partiellement des semblables. Cette reconnaissance mutuelle dans le « faire équipe » provient du partage d’une même utopie, celle qui s’exprime dans la légende des origines de l’institution. Dans les interstices se produit un travail groupal de la pensée concernant la place que les pratiques professionnelles laissent au Désir.
L'équipe, l'adolescent et la violence : figures et aménagements
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’accueil des adolescents en institution contraint les professionnels à des modalités d’aménagement des liens au sein de l’équipe qui se déploient en écho des problématiques adolescentes, marquées par une propension à l’agir. Ces aménagements, qui seront ici nommés figures de l’institution , ont pour fonction de permettre aux professionnels de survivre à la violence déposée par les adolescents. Ces figures de l’institution, figures paradoxales dont l’on peut situer la définition dans le fil des travaux de René Kaës sur les alliances inconscientes, visent tout à la fois à organiser les liens au sein de l’équipe et de l’institution et à se proposer comme espace de traitement de la problématique des adolescents accueillis.
Temps sportif, santé du champion et logique de l'urgence
Authors: Viaud Baptiste , Papin Bruno
Published: November 2012

Résumé Le sportif de haut niveau doit user de son corps sans l’user. Pour autant, les processus de construction des élites sportives, basés sur de multiples phases de sélections, sont responsables d’une inévitable érosion des corps. À partir d’une enquête de terrain qui mobilise des entretiens et des observations auprès de sportifs, d’entraîneurs et de médecins dans des disciplines sportives diverses, nous avons souhaité interroger les façons dont s’organise la gestion sanitaire des corps dans l’espace de la haute performance. Nous montrons en particulier que les médecins du sport de terrain, contribuent à façonner de nouvelles normes sanitaires qui se définissent dans l’urgence du calendrier des compétitions.
Les conceptions de la santé chez des collégiens issus de quartiers défavorisés
Authors: Duchateau Guillaume
Published: November 2012

Résumé Cette étude vise à connaître les conceptions de la santé des collégiens de quartiers défavorisés. La méthodologie est celle de l’entretien. La capacité à assumer ses activités de façon optimale, d’avoir des habitudes de vie saines et la santé mentale caractérisent leur conception. Ils mettent en avant l’absence de pollution, l’importance du paysage et la pratique d’une activité physique comme paramètres indispensables de santé. La mère est la principale informatrice en la matière, et la télévision une des sources d’information médiatique. Les collégiens ont peu abordé les problèmes de santé omniprésents à l’adolescence : traumatismes routiers, suicides, maladies sexuellement transmissibles.
La responsabilité
Authors: Prairat Eirick
Published: November 2012

Résumé Penser une éthique éducative à l’heure où le droit ne cesse de gagner du terrain, tel est le défi qu’entend relever cet article. Dans la première section, Eirik Prairat montre que l’éthique éducative traditionnelle s’est réfléchie comme une éthique de l’exemplarité, de la responsabilité au sens où répondre signifie répondre de soi. Dans les deux sections suivantes, les pensées de Lévinas et de Jonas permettent d’examiner comment la responsabilité prend une coloration morale, devenant « responsabilité pour autrui ». Dans les dernières sections, inspirées par la pensée lévinassienne, l’auteur définit les contours d’une éthique de la responsabilité.