bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE DISINFECTION EFFICACY OF THE DRUG «PЕNOX-2»
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal agricultural research centre of the Republic of Dagestan» (FGBNU «FUNC RD»), Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Saypullaev M.S. , Koichuev A.U. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal agricultural research centre of the Republic of Dagestan» (FGBNU «FUNC RD»), Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Batyrova A.M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal agricultural research centre of the Republic of Dagestan» (FGBNU «FUNC RD»), Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Gajimuradova Z.T. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal agricultural research centre of the Republic of Dagestan» (FGBNU «FUNC RD»), Makhachkala, Russian Federation, Mirzoeva T.B. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «Federal agricultural research centre of the Republic of Dagestan» (FGBNU «FUNC RD»), Makhachkala, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The creation of highly effective, environmentally safe and cheap disinfectants is a priority task of veterinary science, for the rehabilitation of veterinary surveillance facilities. The article presents the results of laboratory tests of a new product «Penox-2» for simultaneous disinfection and whitewashing of veterinary surveillance objects. Museum cultures of Escherichia coli (1257 pieces), Staphylococcus aureus (209P pieces), mycobacteria (1257 pieces) were used as test microorganisms. (pieces B-5) and Bас. сereus (pieces 96). To simulate the natural contamination of test surfaces, inactivated blood serum from loschad was used. The quality of disinfection was studied by examining flushes from experimental and control test surfaces for the presence of a given test culture. At the same time, it was found that solutions of the drug «Penox-2» disinfects Escherichia coli on smooth surfaces for 15 minutes, and Staphylococcus aureus for 30 minutes, at the rate of 0.25 – 0.3 l / m2. Disinfection of Escherichia coli on rough (concrete, wood) test surfaces took place in 30 min., Staphylococcus aureus in 1 hour, at the rate of 0.5 l / m2.For decontamination of test surfaces contaminated with mycobacteria, a single irrigation with a solution of «Penox -2» was required, for 3 hours of exposure, and for spores You. cereus, with double irrigation, at the rate of 0.5 l / m2, exposure 3 hours. The results of research have shown that the solution of the drug «Penox-2» is an effective disinfectant against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
STUDY OF RESISTANCE OF THE PIG BODY WHEN USING A COMPLEX MICROFEED PRODUCT IN NUTRITION
Authors:   L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Podolsk, Moscow region, Russian Federation, Nikanova L.A.
Published: March 2021

The object of research is the components of feed additives, namely dihydroquercetin, blue-green algae spirulina and organic iodine, in various combinations used in feeding piglets from the first days of feeding and before transferring them to fattening, at the age of 90 days. Three groups of piglets, one control and two experimental ones, were formed according to the principle of analogues. Piglets of the first experimental group received to the general diet, a feed additive MKBA-1, consisting of Spirulina – 1 mg, dihydroquercetin – 3 mg, organic iodine – 1,5 mg per 1,5 kg of live weight per day; piglets of the second experimental group to the main diet received a feed supplement ICBA-1, consisting of Spirulina – 2 mg and dihydroquercetin – 2 mg per 3 kg of live weight per day. The use of dihydroquercetin, blue-green algae spirulina and organic iodine in various combinations in feeding piglets contributed to an increase in the adaptive ability of the body, pathogenetic reactivity and correction of metabolic processes, which provided a higher realization of the genetic potential of pigs. The introduction of feed additives into the diet of pigs contributed to an increase in the bactericidal activity of blood serum in the first experimental group by 1%, in the second experimental group by 14,1%, compared with the control group. The number of white blood cells in piglets of the experimental groups was lower and red blood cells is higher compared to piglets in the control group, which was reflected in the hemoglobin content of blood, which was higher than piglets from the control group by 2% and 8,9%, respectively.
THE PROBLEM OF RESISTANCE OF ARTHROPODS TO INSECTICIDAL AND ACARICIDAL DRUGS
Authors:   «Omsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russian Federation, Gerunov T.V. , Dorozhkin V.I. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology – Branch of Federal State Budget Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Center – K.I. Skryabin, Ya.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine, Russian Academy of Sciences» Moscow, Russian Federation, Tarasenko A.A. ,   «Omsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russian Federation, Gerunova L.K. ,   «Omsk State Agricultural University named after P.A. Stolypin», Omsk, Russian Federation, Chigrinski E.A. ,   «Omsk State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Omsk, Russian Federation, Shantyz A.Kh. ,   «Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin», Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

The introduction of intensive technologies in modern agricultural production involves the widespread use of chemicals to protect plants and animals, including insecticides and acaricides. However, the development of arthropods resistance to the used drugs significantly reduces the efficiency of the chemical method of controlling insects and mites. The article describes the basic mechanisms of the development of resistance on which the study of a comprehensive strategy of combating pests and pathogens in plants and animals based on. Multiple resistance in case of revealed resistance of target objects to multiple substances is of particular importance. Necessity for the development of new insecticidal and acaricidal preparations as well as the improvement of the principles of their application to slow down the development of resistance in arthropods is required. In animal husbandry, the problem is compounded by developing parallel resistance of infectious agents to antimicrobial agents. This requires the development of a scientific-based methodology of pharmacological prevention and treatment of infectious and parasitic diseases of animals, as well as chemical protection of plants against pests and diseases.
Online Learning and Motivational Strategies in the Backdrop of COVID-19: An EFL Perspective on Teachers and Students’ Perceptions at Tertiary Level in Pakistan
Authors: Dr. Mamona Yasmin Khan  , Syeda Ailya Raza  , Dr. Masroor Sibtain
Published: March 2021

Keeping in view the significant role of E-Learning during COVID-19 and psychological issues of students and teachers resulting from the abrupt shift of teaching-learning mode to online, it is imperative to have a good understanding of motivational strategies being employed in EFL classes during this period. The present research being descriptive is designed to explore the perceptions of Pakistani teachers and learners about motivational strategies used in EFL classrooms during emergency remote learning. The frameworks of Dornyei and Csize´s model of Motivation in the EFL context (1998) and for E-Learning Computer Assisted Language Learning via Videoconferencing by Davies (2008) have been adopted. Following the pragmatic paradigm, a mixed-method study was designed and data was collected through an online survey from one hundred students and interviews from five university-level teachers.  The findings revealed that teachers were more inclined to adopt and favor a student-centered approach to keep the EFL learners motivated, by maintaining a cooperative E-Learning environment, through using CALL’s Web-based approach of Videoconferencing and by extracting students’ responses.  Students, on the other hand, were found to be reluctant to take initiative; the reason may be the psychological trauma caused by the quarantine period during the first wave of COVID-19. The implications of the study will instill a new insight for researchers and language learners to consider the scenario of the COVID-19 Pandemic as a blessing in disguise, acting as a foundation stone towards digital advancement, in the Pakistani E-Learning context in general and in the E-EFL context in Particular.
Research on Material Language in the Renovation of Existing Industrial Buildings
Authors: Mo Shilong , Xu Kaixuan
Published: March 2021

Since the 1990s, China has implemented the policy of “suppress the second industry and develop the third industry” in order to promote the adjustment of social and economic structure, and thus the industry has begun to face industrial transformation. As time goes by, the material language of the existing industrial buildings gradually conveys a broken, desolate expressiveness, which makes people have a certain “sense of fright caused by the fracture of time”, and it has also brought negative impacts to the shaping of the image of a beautiful city. Therefore, we need to re-understand the expression methods of materials in existing industrial buildings according to the needs of the new era.

Louis Kahn once said, “It is easier for materials to reveal the existence of meaning than space, and materials are easier to decode and illustrate. The rich texture and color of materials make it easier to perceive and grasp by human senses and has a more direct meaning than space.” Therefore, this paper explains the material types (material vocabulary) in the renovation of existing industrial buildings in China, and then through the analysis of related cases, derives the strategy and methods for the renovation of existing industrial buildings in China (materials pragmatics).
A Brief Analysis of International Arbitration as a Form of Alternative Dispute Settlements
Authors: Gao Yifang
Published: March 2021

Over the past decades, the rapid expansion of cross-border commercial transactions has given rise to a concomitant increase in cross-border disputes. As a method of settling commercial disputes, in comparison with litigation, international arbitration has a lot of strengths, which is one reason why it is increasingly popular. Thus this article offers a brief analysis of international arbitration as a form of Alternative Dispute Settlements in order that the concept of international arbitration can be had a clear understanding.
Cultural Implication of Jiarong Tibetan Brocade Belt
Authors: Zhou Guangjie
Published: March 2021

Based on the on-the-spot investigation, interviews with craftsmen and craftsmen, as well as collection of historical documents and materials, case studies, etc., the aesthetic core value of Jiarong Tibetan brocade belt culture is recognized. Under the influence of globalization, the local traditional culture gradually lost its unique personality, and indirectly destroyed the traditional structure and identity of local society. Based on the skill analysis and cultural implication mining of Jiarong Tibetan flower weaving belt, this paper discusses how to transform and use local handicraft resources, so as to identify the practical significance and practical value of Jiarong Tibetan brocade handicraft culture connotation mining for local handicraft modernization practice and reshaping local culture and regional activation.
Competition Law in Australia of Section 46
Authors: Jia Xinxin
Published: March 2021

In 2016-2017 a landmark change was observed. The Competition and Consumer Act 2010 was amended in relation to Section 46 with the aim of strengthening the Competition law and policy in Australia and keep large corporations in check[1-2]. This essay will examine the impact of the replacement of the misuse of market power provision in old Section 46 with the effects test in the amended Act[3]. The purpose and impact of substantial lessening of competition under Section 46 would thus be examined with reference to case law and articles[4]
Transmission Mechanism of Globalization and Its Impact on Human Welfare Development in Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors:   Department of Economics, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria, Maku Olukayode , Alimi Olorunfemi ,   Department of Economics and Development Studies, Faculty of Management and Social Sciences, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, Ogwumike Fidelis ,   Department of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Published: March 2021

The increased intensity of globalization across borders integrated the sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries into the world economy as shown by the increasing degree of trade openness (from 55.4% in 1980–1984 to 65.6% in 2000–2015) and foreign direct investment as a percentage of GDP (from 0.3% in 1980–1984 to 2.85% in 2000–2015). The quality of life of the people in the region improved marginally regarding access to basic needs. However, the effects of globalization on access to basic needs such as water, sanitation, healthcare services have received little attention. Thus, this study investigates the impact of globalization on human welfare in sixteen SSA countries over the period 1980-2015. Using a panel fixed effect approach, the findings revealed that globalization through its various channels (trade openness, capital and financial flows and labour mobility and information technology), improves human welfare indicators in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the low level of good governance in the region deteriorates the development of human wellbeing. Thus, there is a need to improve the quality of overnance to enhance the welfare of the people through global interactions.
Economic Growth and Human Networking
Authors:   Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Jumonjibaru, Beppu-Shi, Oita-ken, Japan, Zhang Wei-Bin
Published: March 2021

The purpose of study is to examine the role of guanxi or human networks on economic development. We are concerned with dynamic interdependence between wealth, guanxi and human capital in a neoclassical growth model. Guanxi changes due to investment in human networking and can affect productivities of economic activities. Establishing guanxi costs time, consumer goods and capital goods. We introduce guanxi into the Solow-Uzawa growth model. We simulate the nonlinear dynamic model. The economic system has a unique stable equilibrium point. We are mainly concerned with the effects of changes in some parameters on the equilibrium and transitional processes of the economic dynamics. We get some insights into interdependence between guanxi and economic growth. For instance, if trust deteriorates among member of society which results in a rise in deterioration rate of guanxi, then the guanxi becomes weaker and the human capital falls; the household spends more hours on establishing guanxi and less hours on work; the national output, national capital and national output fall; the wage rate and rate of interest fall; and the per household wealth and consumption levels of two goods fall.
Evaluasi Manajemen Pemeliharaan Ternak Sapi Bali (Bos sondaicus) pada Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Kabawetan Kabupaten Kepahiang Provinsi Bengkulu
Authors: Herdiansah Riko , Suherman Dadang , Sutriyono Sutriyono
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi manajemen pemeliharaan sapi bali (Bos sondaicus) pada Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Kabawetan Kabupaten Kepahiang Provinsi Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah sensus dengan sampel 97 orang peternak sebagai responden. Hasil penelitian ini disajikan ke dalam bentuk tabel, selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif anallist. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Manajemen Pemeliharaan Ternak Sapi Bali (Bos sondaicus) pada Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Kabawetan, Kabupaten Kepahiang Provinsi Bengkulu tergolong baik, dilihat dari pola pemeliaraan yang mereka pilih.
Kata kunci : Manajemen, Pemeliharaan, Sapi Bali
Deskripsi sikap sosial ipa, normalitas ilmuan, kesenangan belajar ipa, dan ketertarikan menambah waktu sosial ipa
Authors: Wijayanto Eko
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian dilakukan di SMP 49 Muaro Jambi yang memiliki jumlah siswa sebanyak 23 orang siswa, penelitian ini sendiri bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran umum tentang deskripsi Sikap sosial IPA, Ketertarikan memperbanyak waktu belajar IPA, Normalitas Ilmuan pada siswa serta kesenangan bealajar IPA. Metodologi: Adapun pendekatan yang peneliti gunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif dan penelitian survei merupakan jenis penelitian yang digunakan yaitu dengan mengggunakan instrumen penelitian berupa angket. Dan untuk analisis data menggunakan teknik teknik analisis statistik deskriptif. Temuan utama: Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah pada indikator sikap sosial IPA sebanyak 30,4% yang sudah menerapkan sikap sosial IPA, Sebanyak 30,2% yang sudah menerapkan normalitas ilmuan, 39,1% siswa yang ketertarikan meluangkan waktu belajar IPA dan sebanyak 52% siswa senang Belajar IPA. Keterbaruan peneltian: Dapat dilihat bahwa, dengan mengetahui sikap siswa didalam pembelajaran, maka guru mampu memilih metode pembelajaran yang efektif.
Alat Test dan Kalibrasi Penerapan Alat Test dan Kalibrasi Flowmeter Solar pada Pabrik Pemanggangan Anoda PT INALUM
Authors:   Politeknik Jambi, Febbiyana Windi , Kurniawan Sigit , Isnen Maizal , Anugrah Seto
Published: March 2021

Peralatan instrumentasi alat ukur sangat berperan penting. Hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan oleh beberapa alat ukur yang sejenis belum tentu menunjukkan hasil yang sama, meskipun alat tersebut memiliki kesamaan tipe. Keakuratan semua alat ukur akan menurun dari waktu ke waktu. Namun, penurunan akurasi juga disebabkan oleh adanya aliran listrik atau lingkungan yang berbahaya. Perubahan tersebut bergantung pada jenis instrumen dan lingkungan tempat dimana alat itu digunakan. Agar alat instrument tersebut memiliki keakuratan dalam pengukuran dilakukan kalibrasi. Mengkalibrasi flowmeter solar menggunakan standar kalibrator bejana ukur yang telah ditera ulang. Pengkalibrasian dilakukan dengan cara pengambilan data laju aliran pada flowmeter yang dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran pada standar kalibrator. Hasil karakterisasi berdasarkan kalibrasi menunjukkan bahwa pembacaan error rata-rata 0.01% Sehingga alat siap untuk digunakan.
Analisis Dan Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pelacakan Lulusan Berbasis Website
Authors:   Politeknik Indonusa Surakarta, Susena Edi , Puspitasari Norma , Nur Laila Lutfi Ayu
Published: March 2021

SMK Negeri 1 Pedan Klaten is a school that has been around for a long time and has many graduates. Tracking graduates are still carried out in one direction, namely by filling out forms. The data obtained is then entered in the graduate ledger. This has resulted in not maximally handling graduates. Current graduate data cannot be used as a benchmark for knowing the activities and whereabouts of graduates. The current solution that is considered to improve graduate data is by developing a graduate tracking information system. Data collection methods used were observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The method of developing the system uses the Waterfall Model. Programming language is a Web programming language using Sublimetext and CSS text editors to create and edit and design. The databases used are PhpMyadmin and MySQL. The conclusion of this research is that the author has succeeded in analyzing and developing a graduate tracking information system in SMK Negeri 1 Pedan Klaten, the system is made by two users, namely admin and graduates. Admin can perform system management, while graduates can enter their current condition through this developed system. The system can make reports on the results of tracking graduates, the system can make it easy to search for graduate data.
Peningkatan Kinerja Motor Induksi Melalui Variasi Diameter Lilitan Kawat
Authors:   Politeknik Jambi, Agussationo Yudhi
Published: March 2021

Testing of 3 phase induction motors with a variety of wire diameters. First, find out the ideal wire size on an induction motor. Second, ratio of the power used on an induction motor with different winding wire sizes. Third, to find out the torque produced by an induction motor with different wire winding sizes. Then, The induction motor test was performed by taking the power data used on two motors with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm winding wire, RPM data and torque produced by an induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm and 0.5 mm. So, we can get the results the induction motor with a diameter of 0.6 mm wire uses as maximum power of 549.10 Watt or more than the induction motor with a diameter of a wire wound of 0.5 mm which only uses a maximum power of 345.95 Watt, the wire diameter induction motor winding 0.6 mm produces a maximum torque of 746.92 Nm or greater than an induction motor with a diameter of 0.5 mm winding wire which only produces a maximum torque of 383.97 Nm. So, It can be conclude that the more number of revolutions per minute (RPM), the torque produced will be smaller, then, the greater the torque produced, the more power is used.
Optimalisasi Sistem Kontrol Pompa Pengisian Air Pada Gedung Graha Dayaguna PT.JIEP
Authors:   Politeknik Jambi, Hamdani Rizky , Agussationo Yudhi , Isnen Maizal
Published: March 2021

Sistem kontrol pompa pengisian air yang saat ini digunakan pada gedung Graha Dayaguna – PT. JIEP menggunakan konsep open loop tanpa adanya umpan balik dari sistem pengisian sehingga cenderung tidak efisien. Optimalisasi sistem perlu dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dengan cara menambahkan komponen water level control dengan menggunakan 3 elektroda berfungsi sebagai sensor level yang diletakkan dalam bak penampungan air. Simulasi menggunakan software EKTS menunjukkan bahwa water level control dengan menggunakan elektroda dapat memonitor ketersediaan pasokan air. Implementasi dari penerapan water level control diyakini dapat meningkatkan efisiensi.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Persediaan Barang dengan Metode Waterfall
Authors:   Politeknik Jambi, Damanik Febrinita , Meilano Rezagi , wr Tanto
Published: March 2021

Proses pendataan barang masuk dan keluar, stok persediaan, dan pelaporan barang belum optimal saat pencarian data dikarenakan banyaknya data barang dan penampung datanya masih menggunakan spreadsheet. Dengan itu agar dapat optimal maka disarankan untuk menggunakan sistem informasi persediaan. Tujuan sistem informasi persediaan barang ini untuk mengatasi masalah yang muncul pada sistem yang sedang berjalan saat ini di PT. Zokkas Sejahtera Jambi serta menjadi solusi baik bagi perusahaan demi terciptanya sistem yang lebih cepat dan akurat dalam mengelola persediaan. Metode pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan sistem informasi persediaan barang berbasis web dengan metode FIFO yang memberikan kemudahan dalam memberikan informasi data persediaan barang melalui barang masuk dan barang keluar dengan menggunakan diagram arus data, DFD, ERD dan MySQL untuk pengolahan data
The Blue Economy in the Arctic Ocean: Governing Aquaculture in Alaska and North Norway
Authors:   High North Centre for Business and Governance, Nord University, Bodø, Norway, RASPOTNIK Andreas , ROTTEM Svein V. ,   Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker, Norway, ØSTHAGEN Andreas ,   Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Lysaker, Norway
Published: March 2021

In the Arctic, the concept of the blue economy is increasingly dominating discussions on regional development. This entails utilising the region’s ocean-based resources in a sustainable way – both from a global and local level, as well as from an environmental and economic perspective. A crucial aspect in this development is how blue activities are regulated. The UNCLOS-regime plays a vital part in providing the mechanisms and procedures for states to manage marine resources more broadly. However, the predominant mode of governance for Arctic maritime activities will remain unilateral management by each of the coastal states. Thus, the national and local legal and political framework needs to be mapped. In this article we will explore and explain how aqua/-mariculture is governed in the United States (Alaska) and Norway (North Norway). This will be done by examining how parameters for blue economic projects are defined and determined at the international, regional, national and local governance level. Thus, our article will illustrate the complexity behind the blue economy. There is no such thing as one blue economy and no such thing as one Arctic, but it is still possible to find common ground and avenues for knowledge and best practice exchange. By this we will bring the academic and political discussions about the blue economy on the right track.
The Power of Connectivity in the Arctic: Citizen Participation in Arctic Institutions
Authors:   Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, MIDDLETON Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Increasing business opportunities in the Arctic in the spheres of tourism, transport, mining, oil and gas and creative industries require efficient connectivity. Arctic territories offer an attractive place for data servers running on green energy. The subsea fiber cable connecting European High North territories with the US and Asia is an opportunity to improve connectivity in the Arctic. The opening of the Arctic sea creates preconditions for such a project. In this paper, I study existing Arctic institutions that deal with connectivity issues in the Arctic. As theoretical frameworks, I use Gaventa’s (1982) framework of power and powerlessness and stakeholder participation model. The power and powerlessness and modes of participation of stakeholders at the national and regional levels are investigated. I use secondary data, such as the EU and regional policies, statistical data on the topic of connectivity in the Arctic. The study contributes to the understanding of power structure and citizen participation in the Arctic institutions by using an example of connectivity in the Arctic. The findings suggest that Arctic institutions have very limited citizen participation opportunities due to their composition, working formats, and governance structures. Several suggestions for opening-up closed spaces to be inclusive of Arctic citizens perspectives are suggested.
National Identity as Driver of Tourism Development — the Study of Norway
Authors:   Nord University, Bodø, Norway, HØEGH-GULDBERG Olga , SEELER Sabrina ,   West Coast University of Applied Sciences, Heide, Germany
Published: March 2021

The urgent global need to decrease the dependence on natural resource extraction and find solutions for a sustainable future is also reflected in policies prioritized by the Norwegian government. Among others, tourism has been defined as a promising alternative for future economic development. Tourism in Norway has not remained unaffected by the global growth in international tourist arrivals. This growth is often neither geographically nor temporally equally apportioned, which hampers tourism’s transformative power of generating year-round and well-distributed income. Further, tourists are no longer purely driven by hedonic and relaxation needs: they also want to challenge themselves and deeply immerse themselves in foreign nature, culture, and other types of experiences. We argue that better integration of national identity can draw the needs of tourists and hosting communities nearer to each other and, thus, become a driver of tourism development. Based on a comprehensive literature, this conceptual paper explores the core elements of the Norwegian identity, including political and cultural values, national characteristics, interests, and lifestyles, and their integration by the tourism industry. We find that only some of these elements have been used by the industry and have often been commodified for economic gain. We discuss a few examples of how national identity can be translated into unique selling points that could generate sustainable development. This, however, requires strong governance, and coordinated and integrative destination management that involves stakeholders from within tourism and beyond, particularly local communities.
Global visual confidence
Authors: Lee Alan L. F. , de Gardelle Vincent , Mamassian Pascal
Published: March 2021

Visual confidence is the observers’ estimate of their precision in one single perceptual decision. Ultimately, however, observers often need to judge their confidence over a task in general rather than merely on one single decision. Here, we measured the global confidence acquired across multiple perceptual decisions. Participants performed a dual task on two series of oriented stimuli. The perceptual task was an orientation-discrimination judgment. The metacognitive task was a global confidence judgment: observers chose the series for which they felt they had performed better in the perceptual task. We found that choice accuracy in global confidence judgments improved as the number of items in the series increased, regardless of whether the global confidence judgment was made before (prospective) or after (retrospective) the perceptual decisions. This result is evidence that global confidence judgment was based on an integration of confidence information across multiple perceptual decisions rather than on a single one. Furthermore, we found a tendency for global confidence choices to be influenced by response times, and more so for recent perceptual decisions than earlier ones in the series of stimuli. Using model comparison, we found that global confidence is well described as a combination of noisy estimates of sensory evidence and position-weighted response-time evidence. In summary, humans can integrate information across multiple decisions to estimate global confidence, but this integration is not optimal, in particular because of biases in the use of response-time information.
Can activated long-term memory maintain serial order information?
Authors: Kowialiewski Benjamin , Lemaire Benoît , Majerus Steve , Portrat Sophie
Published: March 2021

The maintenance of serial order information is a core component of working memory (WM). Many theoretical models assume the existence of specific serial order mechanisms. Those are considered to be independent from the linguistic system supporting maintenance of item information. This is based on studies showing that psycholinguistic factors strongly affect the ability to maintain item information, while leaving order recall relatively unaffected. Recent language-based accounts suggest, however, that the linguistic system could provide mechanisms that are sufficient for serial order maintenance. A strong version of these accounts postulates serial order maintenance as emerging from the pattern of activation occurring in the linguistic system. In the present study, we tested this assumption via a computational modeling approach by implementing a purely activation-based architecture. We tested this architecture against several experiments involving the manipulation of semantic relatedness, a psycholinguistic variable that has been shown to interact with serial order processing in a complex manner. We show that this activation-based architecture struggles to account for interactions between semantic knowledge and serial order processing. This study fails to support activated long-term memory as an exclusive mechanism supporting serial order maintenance.
SOCIO LEGAL RESEARCH DALAM ILMU HUKUM
Authors: Fuad Fuad
Published: March 2021

Hukum berperan besar dalam kehidupan manusia khususnya pada masa transisi menuju pembaharuan hukum, begitupun dengan ilmu hukum yang mampu menghadirkan perspektif yang baru. Meskipun dalam perkembangannnya ilmu hukum tidak mampu memberikan data secara lengkap bagi pelaksanaan kekuasaan, namun keberadaan ilmu hukum yang memiliki metode pendekatan yang sistematis, kiranya menjadi hal yag berguna dalam perumusan hukum yang lebih baik. Interaksi yang terjadi antara ilmu hukum dengan ilmu-ilmu sosial lainnya menghadirkan sesuatu yang berbeda dalam konsep hukum dan pada akhirnya menjadi suatu pemahaman dengan perspektif sosiologis. Sehingga pada tataran teoritik, hal tersebut memunculkan sociology of law dan pada tataran filsafat memunculkan sociological jurisprudence. Ilmu hukum yang terus berkembang pada akhirnya menciptakan berbagai aliran, mulai aliran hukum alam (irasional dan rasional), aliran hukum positif (analitis dan murni), aliran utilitarianisme, mazhab sejarah, sociological jurisprudence, pragmatic legal realism, socio legal studies dan aliran hukum kritis. Hal ini menunjukkan proses searching the truth tidak pernah berhenti. Menjelaskan keterkaitan hukum, ilmu hukum, sociological jurisprudence, diperlukan suatu methode research yang tepat dan representatif. Karena melalui research akan ada temuan-temuan baru, berupa pengetahuan yang benar (truth, true, knowledge) dan pada akhirnya digunakan untuk menyelesaikan suatu permasalahan.
EKSEKUSI SEPIHAK OLEH PERUSAHAAN LEASING MENGGUNAKAN DEBT COLLECTOR TERHADAP OBYEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: Suryono Kelik Endro
Published: March 2021

Manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan secara alamiah akan selalu mencari peluabg/celah, dalah suatu hal untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya, kebutuhan atau keinginan tersebut untuk memiliki sesuatu untuk yang bersifat konsumtif ataupun sebagai sarana/ modal usaha, maka kemudian kebutuhan dan/ peluang bisnis di bidang leasing. Perusahaan pembiayaan ini menghadapi dilemma ketika konsumen/nasabah nya wanprestasi atau telat atau gagal bayar (bad debt). Perusahaan leasing akan berupaya mengembalikan hak nya yaitu baran yang telah menjadi jaminan fidusia, sepintas Nampak hubungan keperdataan, tapi kita ketahui bersama seringkali upaya untuk mengembalikan hak perusahaan leasing ini kesulitan, akhirnya beberapa dari perusahaan ini menggunakan jasa debt collector eksternal, atau karyawan perusahaan yang bertugas menjadi debt collector, disini akan menimpulkan implikasi hukum yang kompleks yaitu perdata dan kemungkinan pidana terkait upaya/ tindaka dari debt collector, terhap eksekusi jaminan fidusia secara sepihak. Maka pemerintah menerbitkan berbagai regulasi untuk melindungi para pihak, yaitu konsumen/nasabah yang acapkali menjadi pihak yang dirugikan/ subordinat, disisi lain keberlangsungan perushaan leasing (atau perusahaan apapun) adalah unsur penggerak perekonomian nasional. Maka penulis melakukan penelitian normative yang komprehensif dari sudut pandang perdata maupun pidana.
Komoditas Unggulan dan Potensial Sektor Pertanian Kabupaten Simalungun, Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Saragih Jef Rudiantho , Siburian Alvera , Harmain Ummu , Purba Tioner
Published: March 2021

Sektor Pertanian merupakan sektor dengan kontribusi terbesar dalam Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) Kabupaten Simalungun.  Namun pengembangan komoditas di sektor pertanian dinilai belum sepenuhnya berbasis pada komoditas basis dan tingkat pertumbuhannya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komoditas unggulan dan komoditas potensial sektor pertanian dalam arti luas.  Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Simalungun, pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2019.  Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu data produksi masing-masing komoditas pertanian tahun 2008-2017 diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Simalungun, Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Simalungun, dan Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Utara.  Data produksi dianalisis dengan Location Quotient (LQ) dan tipologi Klassen.  Pangsa Sektor Pertanian dalam PDRB Kabupaten Simalungun tahun 2008-2017 adalah rata-rata sebesar 49,53%.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis data produksi, dalam kurun waktu 2008-2017, komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Simalungun (kombinasi nilai LQ>1, tumbuh cepat)  adalah ubi jalar (tanaman pangan); kentang, kubis, buncis, bayam, mangga, dan pisang (hortikultura); kelapa sawit, kopi arabika, kakao, dan cengkeh (perkebunan rakyat); kerbau (peternakan); dan kegiatan perikanan budidaya.   Sementara komoditas potensial (nilai LQ>1, tumbuh lambat) adalah padi ladang, jagung, dan ubi kayu (tanaman pangan); bawang merah (hortikultura); kopi robusta, pinang, aren, dan vanili (perkebunan rakyat);  sapi, babi, dan ayam kampung (peternakan).  Komoditas basis namun relatif tertinggal adalah kacang tanah.  Sementara, komoditas nonbasis namun tergolong berkembang cepat adalah nangka, manggis, sawo, durian, pepaya, nenas, petsai, terung, cabai, tomat, karet, wortel, kacang panjang, dan kayu manis.
“He remains single, but it isn’t good for a man to be single…”: New Documents on the History of Private Life in Russia in the Second Half of the 17th Century
Authors: Бусарев И.А. , Козляков В.Н. , Севастьянова А.А.
Published: March 2021

В статье и Приложении к ней изучается архивная находка — рукописные сборники из приказов 1660–1670-х годов рязанских архиереев Илариона и Иосифа, представляющие собой документы церковного суда по «духовным делам», так называемые Записные книги судных дел двух рязанских иерархов XVII века. Краткую источниковедческую и археографическую характеристику рукописных сборников, как показало наше исследование, дал в начале XX века церковный историк С. Н. Введенский, опубликовавший некоторые из документов в Воронеже. В данной статье раскрывается уникальность рязанских исторических источников на примерах сюжетов
по истории частной жизни из материалов церковных судебных дел. Приводятся данные по вопросам жизни и быта сельских и городских общин, семейной жизни и семейного права в России XVI–XVII веков. Высказывается предположение о важности исторической информации, приведенной
в ряде документов, о судьбах и жизни возвращавшихся из плена служилых людей. Публикация этих документов в Приложении позволяет ввести в научный оборот значительное количество впервые обнаруженных источников 1660–1670-х годов.

The article and the supplement attached to it investigate archival materials, namely collections of manuscripts by archbishops Hilarion and Joseph in the 1660s–1670s. The manuscripts and decrees issued by the two archpriests are related to the ecclesiastical court. The archaeographic and historical value of the manuscripts was roughly estimated by church historian S. N. Vvedensky, who published his research in Voronezh in the early 20th century. The present article aims at highlighting the unique character of Ryazan historical sources and at analyzing stories pertaining to private lives and based on materials of the ecclesiastical court. The article provides data regarding the daily routine of rural and urban communities, family life and family law in Russia of the 16th–17th centuries. The authors assume that some documents are of great historical significance, for they tell us about the life and fate of former prisoners-of-war. By attaching a supplement to the article, the authors is enabled to investigate a significant amount of previously uninvestigated manuscripts dating back as far as the 1660s–1670s.
The Interpretation of the Cleansing Fire of Purgatory in J. Frith’s Disputation of Purgatory
Authors: Чугунова Т.Г.
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется интерпретация католического догмата о чистилище английским реформатором Дж. Фритом, представленная им в одноименном трактате «Спор о чистилище». Молодой теолог бросил вызов ведущим ученым того времени — своим соотечественникам Дж. Растеллу, Т. Мору, Дж. Фишеру, защищавшим доктрину о чистилище. Основываясь
на Священном Писании, английский реформатор отрицал материальное существование чистилища и трактовал «очистительный огонь» символически как скорбь, раскаяние, муки совести. Опираясь на метод герменевтического анализа текста, автор делает вывод, что Джон Фрит предложил иной взгляд на эту проблему. Чистилище, по его мнению, находится в земной жизни человека, где он борется со своими грехами, очищаясь Словом Божиим.

The article analyzes the interpretation of the catholic doctrine of purgatory presented by an English reformer J. Frith in his publication A Disputation of Purgatory. The young scholar defies the ideas expressed by his compatriots J. Rastell, Th. More, and J. Fisher (leading theology specialists of the time adhering to the doctrine of purgatory). The analysis of the Holly Scripture enabled the English reformer to reject the material existence of purgatory and to argue that the cleansing fire should be interpreted as a symbol of anguish, remorse, pangs of conscience. The author of the article employs the hermeneutic content analysis to prove that John Frith proposed a novel interpretation of the concept of purgatory. Frith believes that purgatory is our life where people fight their sins and are cleansed through God’s Word.
The Sentimentalism of W. Godwin’s Early Novels
Authors: Серегина М.А.
Published: March 2021

В статье рассматриваются ранние малоизученные романы английского писателя, журналиста и философа Уильяма Годвина «Деймон и Делия», «Имоджен» и «Итальянские письма». Цель данного исследования — выделение их сентиментальной основы, осознание ее эстетической значимости в художественной структуре произведений. Анализ ранних романов позволяет выделить в них характерные для сентиментализма особенности: преобладание естественного чувства над разумом, мотивы любования природой, возвышенным и прекрасным, восхищение искусством и сентиментальной поэзией, определившие характер героев и специфику сюжетно-мотивного комплекса. У. Годвин активно обращается к сентименталистской стилистике, используя как традиционные, так и оригинальные художественно-выразительные средства, которые основываются на контрасте как главном способе воздействия на читателя. Автор статьи приходит
к выводу, что на раннем этапе творчества писателя происходит становление стиля и особого способа художественного выражения его философских и политических идей, тем самым опровергается широко распространенное мнение о том, что ранние романы У. Годвина не содержат каких-либо важных для его философии идей. Кроме того, анализируемые романы исходя из их жанрово-стилевой специфики можно отнести к типично сентиментальным произведениям. Данное исследование и его результаты могут быть использованы для дальнейшего анализа и изучения раннего творчества У. Годвина и для создания более полной панорамы его работ.

The article treats an English writer, journalist and philosopher William Godwin’s previously underinvestigated novels “Damon and Delia”, “Imogen”, and “Italian Letters”. The aim of the research is to explore the sentimental aspects lying at the basis of the novels and to assess their aesthetic value. The analysis of W. Godwin’s early works enables one to trace in them some features characteristic of sentimental novels, such as prevalence of sentiment over common sense, fascination with nature, admiration for exquisite beauty, appreciation of art and sentimental poetry. All these characteristics account for the choice of personages and narrative devices. W. Godwin’s works abound with sentimentalism. The writer employs both traditional and unique stylistic devices, whose essence lies in contrast as the main means of affecting the reader. The author of the article concludes that W. Godwin’s early works bear witness to the evolution of W. Godwin’s writing style and to his search of literary devices which enable him to express his philosophical and political ideas. Therefore, the author of the article underlines that, contrary to widespread opinion, W. Godwin’s early works are not devoid of philosophical ideas. The author maintains that, judging by their genre characteristics, the analyzed novels can be classified as sentimental ones. The research can be used for further analysis of W. Godwin’s early novels and for the creation of a wider panorama of his works.
The Issue of Authorial Manifestations in J. Barnes’s Novel “Flaubert’s Parrot”
Authors: Царева Е.В.
Published: March 2021

В статье анализируется проблема автора в романе Дж. Барнса «Попугай Флобера». Проводится сравнение авторского начала в романе и в сборнике эссе Дж. Барнса “Something to Declare”. Доказывается связь между данными текстами. Анализируется фактический материал, представленный в сборнике эссе и в романе. Делается вывод о разнице представления материала в обоих текстах: в романе, в отличие от сборника эссе, есть альтернативные версии и вымышленные события. Кроме того, в романе автор вводит дополнительную повествовательную инстанцию — фигуру рассказчика по имени Джеффри Брэйтуэйт, используя ее как авторскую маску. От его имени рассказывается история путешествия героя по местам, связанным с жизнью
и творчеством Флобера. Это составляет основную часть повествования, что подтверждается и заглавием романа. Рассказ о жизни самого Брэйтуэйта лаконичен и фрагментарен. В статье подробно анализируется образ рассказчика, выделяются два уровня или две повествовательные инстанции. Первый уровень, во многом транслирующий взгляды Дж. Барнса, может быть охарактеризован как литературоведческий, второй уровень связан с психологическими проблемами несчастливого в браке рассказчика, отсылающего читателя к образу Шарля Бовари, героя романа Флобера.
В статье делается вывод о многоуровневом авторском начале в романе «Попугай Флобера». В сочетании с иронией и интертекстуальностью игра с авторским началом позволяет рассматривать роман Дж. Барнса «Попугай Флобера» как постмодернистский текст.

The article analyzes the issue of authorial manifestations in J. Barnes’s novel “Flaubert’s Parrot”. It compares the manifestation of the authorial identity in the novel and in J. Barnes’s essay collection “Something to Declare”. The article proves that there is a definite congeniality between the two texts.
However, the author of the article concludes that the manners of presenting information in the novel and essays are different, for the novel contains alternative versions of events and describes imaginary situations. Moreover, the author of the novel introduces a narrator, a certain Geoffrey Braithwaite who serves as his mouthpiece. It is the narrator who tells the story of the character’s travel across the places associated with Flaubert’s life and work. The travels constitute a major part of the narrative accounting for the title of the novel. The story of Braithwaite’s life is laconic and fragmentary. The article analyzes the image of the narrator and singles out two narrative levels, or aspects. The first level is largely associated with J. Barnes’s ideas and can be characterized as literary. The second level is related to Geoffrey Braithwaite, who experiences marital problems and reminds the readers of a Charles Bovary, a character of Flaubert’s novel. The article maintains that in the novel, the authorial identity is manifested at numerous levels. The author of the article underlines that due to the interplay of irony, intertextuality and authorial identity, J. Barnes’s novel “Flaubert’s Parrot” can be classified as postmodernist one.
Nano Bubble Lubrication for Flat Plates Skin Friction Reduction
Authors: Gunawan  , Utomo Allessandro Setyo Anggito , Yanuar
Published: March 2021

The movement of the solution in a pipe is one of the determinants of resistance in the pipe. The resistance occurs due to the solution's movement with the pipe walls in different directions in its displacement. Then, the frictional force is generated due to these differences in movement. This results in an obstacle resulting in high-pressure drop due to a large amount of skin friction. So, in this research, we need a new method to reduce internal resistance in pipes. Before investigating the pipe's internal flow, this study wants to see its function and effect on the flat plate as an attempt to validate the investigations that will be carried out for future research efforts. The study aims to show the lubrication effect produced by using a 50 µm bubble generated by a carbon-ceramic tube. The bubbles' injector distance ratio is 0.4 to 0.85 from the end of the plate. The power needed to produce the bubble is 2.2 kW on a plate with an area of 1x104 mm2. The reduction of skin friction was analyzed by capturing the shear stress that was reviewed using a load cell at fluid velocities at intervals of 1 to 20 m.s-1 with a difference of 1 m.s-1. The results obtained in this study are that when the fluid velocity is at 7 m.s-1 to 13 m.s-1, the distribution of nanobubbles will increase. Moreover, a reduction in drag by + 60.5 percent, and the optimum skin friction (Cv) ratio is at 0.4 to 0.6.