bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with adolescent malnutrition among Nigerian students
Authors: Abdulkarim Aishatu Ahmed , Otuneye Adekunle T , Ahmed Patience , Shattima Dennis R
Published: August 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with malnutrition among adolescents. Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adolescents (10-19 years) in secondary schools. A multistage sampling technique was employed.Setting: Senior secondary schools in The Abuja Municipal area council, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. Participants: A total of 1700 students from 8 selected schools. All schools in the Abuja Municipal Area council (AMAC) were stratified into urban and rural schools. Eight schools were selected by balloting from a list of schools obtained from the Education centre. A school was selected from each of the four major districts of AMAC and four schools were selected from the rural making a total of 8 schools. Although the consent of the school authorities was obtained, individual subject also consented to the study before being enrolled.Study: The study excluded those adolescents who were physically challenged thus limiting physical activity. Sociodemographic information was obtained using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Subjects height and weight was taken using the floor-type height (H) and weight (W) measuring scale model ZT-120 using Massachusetts Department of Public Health Protocol. Main outcome measure: The nutritional status was determined using the formula: BMI= W/H2, where W=weight (in kilograms) and H=height (in meters). The age and sex specific height and BMI percentile for each subject was determined using the 2007 WHO Height and BMI growth charts for age 5-19 years. The students were then classified into one of the following categories using previously used standards: normal, stunted, wasted, overweight or obese. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 17 statistical package. A regression analysis of all investigated factors was done to determine those with significant association to malnutrition.Results: The mean age was 14.43±1.94 years; male 688, female 862, M:F ratio 1.1.3. Mean BMI, weight and height were 20.31±3.07kg/m2, 51.07±10.80 kg, and 157.88±9.33 cm. The prevalence of overweight, stunting, obesity and wasting was documented as 13.2% (205/1550), 11.3% (175/1550), 2.6% (41/1550) and 1.7% (27/1550) respectively. Low social class, male gender, hawking after school and rural setting were associated with stunting (p<0.05) and female gender and watching Television for more than 3 hours daily were associated with overweight (p<0.05). Obesity occurred more in urban areas.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.243-248
Effectiveness of combined chain exercises on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Olagbegi Oladapo Michael , Adegoke Babatunde Olusola Adeleke , Odole Adesola C
Published: August 2016

Objective: This randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of twelve-week open, closed and combined kinetic-chain exercises (OKCEs, CKCEs and CCEs) on pain and physical function (PF) in the management of knee osteoarthritis.Method: Ninety-six consecutive patients with knee OA were randomly assigned to one of OKCE, CKCE and CCE groups. Participants average daily pain (ADP), pain before and after walking (PBW and PAW), were evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale while PF was assessed using Ibadan Knee/Hip Osteoarthritis Outcome Measure.Results: Seventy-nine participants completed the study but data of another 4 participants who completed only 8-week treatment were included in data analysis (total=83; mean age = 61.10±13.75 years). The groups demographic and dependent variables were comparable at baseline but CCE group demonstrated significantly more reductions (p < 0.05) in ADP, PBW and PAW than OKCE and CKCE groups at weeks 4, 8 and 12 of the study. However, there were significant within group improvements (p < 0.05) in all four variables for the three groups. Conclusion: CCEs are better than OKCEs and CKCEs for pain reduction in though all three exercise regimens are singly effective. CCEs are recommended for improving treatment outcome for pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.178-188
Comparison between Effectiveness of Pomegranate Juice (Punica granatum) and Simvastatin for Lowering Blood LDL Level in Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Authors: Ariani Ariani , Hawa Putrya , Akhmad Syaefudin Ali
Published: August 2016

Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death in developed and developing countries. In Indonesia 26% of death is caused by CHD. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for CHD. Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug which has a significant number of side effects such as myopathy. While, Pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) contains anthocyanin, cathechins, tanin, vitamin C and vitamine E which have beneficial effects to decrease blood LDL level. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of pomegranate juice (Punica granatum) and simvastatin in lowering blood LDL level of hypercholesterolemic male rats (Rattus novergicus).Methodology: This experimental study was executed following by pre and post control group design. This study used 15 male Wistar rats that were divided into three groups as 2% DMSO, simvastatin and pomegranate juice. Blood LDL level was examined at day-0 and day-15 of trial period. Result: Dependent T-test reveals that both pomegranate juice and simvastatin group showed significant difference in lowering blood LDL level before and after treatment. The result of Kruskal Wallis test showed that both pomegranate juice and simvastatin group have more significant efficacy than 2% DMSO. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between effectiveness of pomegranate juice and simvastatin group. Conclusion: Both Pomegranate juice and simvastatin are effective in lowering blood LDL level of hypercholesterolemia male rats and there is no significant difference between effectiveness of pomegranate juice and simvastatin.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.216-219
Effects of Solvent Polarity on Solvation Free Energy, Dipole Moment, Polarizability, Hyperpolarizability and Molecular Properties of Metronidazole
Authors: Khan Mohammad Firoz , Rashid Ridwan Bin , Mian Md Yeunus , Rahman Mohammad S , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: August 2016

A computational study of medium effect on solvation free energy, dipole moment, polarizability, hyperpolarizability and different molecular properties like chemical hardness & softness, chemical potential, electronegativity and electrophilicity index of metronidazole have been reported in this paper. Becke, 3-parameter, Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) level of theory with 6-31G (d,p) basis set was applied for gas phase and solution. The effect of solvent polarity on solvation free energy, dipole moment, polarizability, hyperpolarizability and molecular properties were calculated by employing Solvation Model on Density (SMD). The solvation free energies and dipole moment of metronidazole were found to be increased in nonpolar to polar solvents. The dipole moment of metronidazole was higher in different solvent than that of the gas phase. Moreover, from non-polar to polar solvents the chemical potential, electronegativity and electrophilicity index were increased. On the other hand, opposite relation was found in the case of chemical hardness and softness. The results obtained in this study may lead to understand the stability and reactivity of metronidazole and the results will be of assistance to use the title molecule as reaction intermediates and pharmaceuticals.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 9-14, 2016
Pd@[nBu4][Br] as a Simple Catalytic System for N-Alkylation Reactions with Alcohols
Authors: Cacciuttolo Bastien , Pascu Oana , Aymonier Cyril , Pucheault Mathieu
Published: August 2016

Palladium nanoparticles, simply and briefly generated in commercial and cheap onium salts using supercritical carbon dioxide, have been found to be an effective catalytic system for additive free N-alkylation reaction using alcohols via cascade oxidation/condensation/reduction steps.
A Versatile Axle for the Construction of Disassemblage Rotaxanes
Authors: Powers Lucas , Smithrud David
Published: August 2016

Rotaxanes are unique mechanical devices that hold great promise as sensors. We report on two new rotaxanes that contain an acid or base sensitive trigger and readily disassemble in a wide range of environments. Disassemblage was observed under TLC and 1H-NMR analysis. The axle is highly charged, which enhances solubility in aqueous environments, and can be readily derivatized with sensor components. The trigger was swapped in a one-pot method, which is promising for the rapid production of a series of sensors.
Semiflexible Polymers in the Bulk and Confined by Planar Walls
Authors: Egorov Sergei , Milchev Andrey , Binder Kurt
Published: August 2016

Semiflexible polymers in solution under good solvent conditions can undergo an isotropic-nematic transition. This transition is reminiscent of the well-known entropically-driven transition of hard rods described by Onsager’s theory, but the flexibility of the macromolecules causes specific differences in behavior, such as anomalous long wavelength fluctuations in the ordered phase, which can be understood by the concept of the deflection length. A brief review of the recent progress in the understanding of these problems is given, summarizing results obtained by large-scale molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory. These results include also the interaction of semiflexible polymers with hard walls and the wall-induced nematic order, which can give rise to capillary nematization in thin film geometry. Various earlier theoretical approaches to these problems are briefly mentioned, and an outlook on the status of experiments is given. It is argued that in many cases of interest, it is not possible to describe the scaled densities at the isotropic-nematic transition as functions of the ratio of the contour length and the persistence length alone, but the dependence on the ratio of chain diameter and persistence length also needs to be considered.
ABOUT EXOBIOLOGY: THE CASE FOR DWARF K STARS
Authors: Cuntz M. , Guinan E. F.
Published: August 2016

One of the most fundamental topics of exobiology concerns the identification of stars with environments consistent with life. Although it is believed that most types of main-sequence stars might be able to support life, particularly extremophiles, special requirements appear to be necessary for the development and sustainability of advanced life forms. From our study, orange main-sequence stars, ranging from spectral type late-G to mid-K (with a maximum at early K), are most promising. Our analysis considers a variety of aspects, including (1) the frequency of the various types of stars, (2) the speed of stellar evolution in their lifetimes, (3) the size of the stellar climatological habitable zones (CLI-HZs), (4) the strengths and persistence of their magnetic-dynamo-generated X-ray–UV emissions, and (5) the frequency and severity of flares, including superflares; both (4) and (5) greatly reduce the suitability of red dwarfs to host life-bearing planets. The various phenomena show pronounced dependencies on the stellar key parameters such as effective temperature and mass, permitting the assessment of the astrobiological significance of various types of stars. Thus, we developed a “Habitable-Planetary-Real-Estate Parameter” (HabPREP) that provides a measure for stars that are most suitable for planets with life. Early K stars are found to have the highest HabPREP values, indicating that they may be “Goldilocks” stars for life-hosting planets. Red dwarfs are numerous, with long lifetimes, but their narrow CLI-HZs and hazards from magnetic activity make them less suitable for hosting exolife. Moreover, we provide X-ray–far-UV irradiances for G0 V–M5 V stars over a wide range of ages.
DO CIRCUMNUCLEAR DENSE GAS DISKS DRIVE MASS ACCRETION ONTO SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES?
Authors: Izumi Takuma , Kawakatu Nozomu , Kohno Kotaro
Published: August 2016

We present a positive correlation between the mass of dense molecular gas (

) of ∼100 pc scale circumnuclear disks (CNDs) and the black hole mass accretion rate (

) in a total of 10 Seyfert galaxies, based on data compiled from the literature and an archive (median aperture θ
med = 220 pc). A typical

of CNDs is 107–8

, estimated from the luminosity of the dense gas tracer, the HCN(1–0) emission line. Because dense molecular gas is the site of star formation, this correlation is virtually equivalent to the one between the nuclear star-formation rate and

revealed previously. Moreover, the

correlation was tighter for CND-scale gas than for the gas on kiloparsec or larger scales. This indicates that CNDs likely play an important role in fueling black holes, whereas greater than kiloparesec scale gas does not. To demonstrate a possible approach for studying the CND-scale accretion process with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we used a mass accretion model where angular momentum loss due to supernova explosions is vital. Based on the model prediction, we suggest that only the partial fraction of the mass accreted from the CND (

) is consumed as

. However,

agrees well with the total nuclear mass flow rate (i.e.,

+ outflow rate). Although these results are still tentative with large uncertainties, they support the view that star formation in CNDs can drive mass accretion onto supermassive black holes in Seyfert galaxies.
ACCRETION FLOW PROPERTIES OF MAXI J1543–564 DURING 2011 OUTBURST FROM THE TCAF SOLUTION
Authors: Chatterjee Debjit , Debnath Dipak , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Mondal Santanu , Jana Arghajit
Published: August 2016

We derive accretion flow properties of the transient black hole candidate (BHC) MAXI J1543–564 using the RXTE data. We use the two-component advective flow (TCAF) solution to fit the data of the initial rising phase of outburst (from 2011 May 10 to 15). The 2.5–25 keV spectra are fitted using the TCAF solution fits file as a local additive table model in XSPEC. We extract physical flow parameters such as the two-component (Keplerian disk and sub-Keplerian halo) accretion rates and size and the property of the Compton cloud (post-shock region close to a black hole). Similar to other classical transient BHCs, monotonic evolution of low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) is observed during the rising phase of the outburst, which is fitted with the propagating oscillatory shock (POS) model, which describes how the Compton cloud properties change from day to day. From the nature of variations of TCAF model fitted physical flow parameters and QPOs, we only found hard-intermediate and soft-intermediate spectral states during this phase of the outburst under study. We also calculated the frequency of the dominating QPOs from the TCAF model fitted shock parameters and found that they roughly match with the observed and POS model fitted values. From our spectro-temporal study of the source with TCAF and POS models, the most probable mass of the BHC is found to be 12.6–14.0 M
⊙, or

.
Idiosyncratic Adverse Reactions to Psychotropic Medications
Authors: Stevens Jonathan R. , Rodgers Joshua J. , Stern Theodore A.
Published: August 2016

Idiosyncratic adverse events related to psychotropic medications are prevalent and problematic, and they are the most frequent cause of postmarketing (or black-box) warnings and withdrawals of drugs from the market. This review examines the clinical nature of idiosyncratic adverse events, predictors of their onset, and the role of clinician awareness in avoiding irreversible and serious injury from medications prescribed for psychiatric conditions. Idiosyncratic reactions can be minimized or avoided by knowledge of risk factors, cautious use (or avoidance) of specific agents in subpopulations at risk, informed dose titration, and careful monitoring of clinical response.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2016;46(8):456–465.]
OH reactivity at a rural site (Wangdu) in the North
China Plain: Contributions from OH reactants and
experimental OH budget
Authors: Fuchs Hendrik , Tan Zhaofeng , Lu Keding , Bohn Birger , Broch Sebastian , Brown Steven S. , Dong Huabin , Gomm Sebastian , Häseler Rolf , He Lingyan , Hofzumahaus Andreas , Holland Frank , Li Xin , Liu Ying , Lu Sihua , Min Kyung-Eun , Rohrer Franz , Shao Min , Wang Baolin , Wang Ming , Wu Yusheng , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yingson , Wahner Andreas , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: August 2016

Abstract. In 2014, a large, comprehensive field campaign was conducted in the densely populated North China Plain. The measurement site was located in a botanic garden close to the smaller town Wangdu without major industry, but influenced by regional transportation of air pollution. The loss rate coefficient of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals (OH) was quantified by direct measurements of the OH reactivity. Values ranged between 10 and 20 1/s for most of the daytime. Highest values were reached in the late night with maximum values around 40 1/s. OH reactants mainly originated from anthropogenic activities as indicated (1) by a good correlation between measured OH reactivity and carbon monoxide, and (2) by a high contribution of nitrogen oxide species to the OH reactivity. Measured total OH reactivities can be well explained by measured trace gas concentrations including organic compounds, oxygenated organic compounds, CO and nitrogen oxides. Significant, unexplained OH reactivity was only observed during nights, when biomass burning of agricultural waste occurred on surrounding fields. OH reactivity measurements also allow investigating the chemical OH budget. During this campaign, the OH destruction rate calculated from measured OH reactivity and measured OH concentration was balanced by the sum of OH production from ozone and nitrous acid photolysis and OH regeneration from hydroperoxyl radicals within the uncertainty of measurements. However, also a tendency for higher OH destruction compared to OH production at lower concentrations of nitric oxide is observed consistent with previous findings in field campaigns in China.
Climate engineering by mimicking the natural dust climate control:
the Iron Salt Aerosols method
Authors: Oeste Franz Dietrich , de Richter Renaud , Ming Tingzhen , Caillol Sylvain
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Power stations, ship, and air traffic are among the most potent greenhouse gas emitters and primarily responsible for global warming. Iron salt aerosols (ISA) exert a cooling effect on climate in several ways. This article aims firstly to examine all direct and indirect natural climate cooling mechanisms driven by tropospheric aerosol particles composed partly of iron and chloride, showing their cooperation and interaction within the different environmental compartments. It then looks at a proposal to enhance the cooling effects by ISA in order to reach the CoP 21 optimistic target level of a global temperature increase of between 1.5 and 2 °C. Using mineral dust as a natural analogue tool, the proposed ISA method might be able to reduce climate warming by mimicking the same method used by nature during the glacial periods. The first estimations made in this article show that by doubling the current natural ISA emissions into the troposphere, i.e. by about 0.3 Tg Fe per year, artificial ISA would enable the prevention or even reversal of global warming. The ISA method proposed integrates technical and economically feasible tools.
StreamFlow 1.0: An extension to the spatially distributed snow model Alpine3D for hydrological modeling and deterministic stream temperature prediction
Authors: Gallice Aurélien , Bavay Mathias , Brauchli Tristan , Comola Francesco , Lehning Michael , Huwald Hendrik
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Climate change is expected to strongly impact the hydrological and thermal regimes of Alpine rivers within the coming decades. In this context, the development of hydrological models accounting for the specific dynamics of Alpine catchments appears as a one of the promising approaches to reduce our uncertainty on future mountain hydrology. This paper describes the improvements brought to StreamFlow, an existing model for hydrological and stream temperature prediction built as an external extension to the physically-based snow model Alpine3D. StreamFlow's source code has been entirely written anew, taking advantage of object-oriented programming to significantly improve its structure and ease the implementation of future developments. The source code is now publicly available online, along with a complete documentation. A special emphasis has been put on modularity during the re-implementation of StreamFlow, so that many model aspects can be represented using different alternatives. For example, several options are now available to model the advection of water within the stream. This allows for an easy and fast comparison between different approaches and helps in defining more reliable uncertainty estimates of the model forecasts. In particular, a case study in a Swiss Alpine catchment reveals that the stream temperature predictions are particularly sensitive to the approach used to model the temperature of subsurface runoff, a fact which has been poorly reported in the literature to date. Based on the case study, StreamFlow is shown to reproduce hourly mean discharge with a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of 0.82, and hourly mean temperature with a NSE of 0.78.
Sensitivity of future continental United States water deficit projections to
general circulation models, the evapotranspiration estimation method, and the
greenhouse gas emission scenario
Authors: Chang Seungwoo , Graham Wendy D. , Hwang Syewoon , Muñoz-Carpena Rafael
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Projecting water deficit under various possible future climate scenarios depends on the choice of general circulation model (GCM), reference evapotranspiration (ET0) estimation method, and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) trajectory. The relative contribution of each of these factors must be evaluated in order to choose an appropriate ensemble of future scenarios for water resources planning. In this study variance-based global sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo filtering were used to evaluate the relative sensitivity of projected changes in precipitation (P), ET0, and water deficit (defined here as P–ET0) to choice of GCM, ET0 estimation method, and RCP trajectory over the continental United States (US) for two distinct future periods: 2030–2060 (future period 1) and 2070–2100 (future period 2). A total of 9 GCMs, 10 ET0 methods, and 3 RCP trajectories were used to quantify the range of future projections and estimate the relative sensitivity of future projections to each of these factors. In general, for all regions of the continental US, changes in future precipitation are most sensitive to the choice of GCM, while changes in future ET0 are most sensitive to the choice of ET0 estimation method. For changes in future water deficit, the choice of GCM is the most influential factor in the cool season (December–March), and the choice of ET0 estimation method is most important in the warm season (May–October) for all regions except the Southeast US, where GCMs and ET0 have approximately equal influence throughout most of the year. Although the choice of RCP trajectory is generally less important than the choice of GCM or ET0 method, the impact of RCP trajectory increases in future period 2 over future period 1 for all factors. Monte Carlo filtering results indicate that particular GCMs and ET0 methods drive the projection of wetter or drier future conditions much more than RCP trajectory; however, the set of GCMs and ET0 methods that produce wetter or drier projections varies substantially by region. Results of this study indicate that, in addition to using an ensemble of GCMs and several RCP trajectories, a range of regionally relevant ET0 estimation methods should be used to develop a robust range of future conditions for water resources planning under climate change.
Surgical Management of Pediatric Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Kim Young-Jo
Published: August 2016

In pediatric patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip with late presentation or failure of nonsurgical treatment, surgical management is indicated. The goal of surgery is to obtain a stable reduction to promote development of the femoral head and acetabulum while avoiding osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the need for further surgery. Treatment is related to the age of the patient and the degree of soft-tissue contracture or bony deformity present. As a general rule, in children aged <12 months, closed reduction and spica casting is preferred. Children aged 12 to 18 months may require open reduction, which can be performed safely through a medial or anterior approach. In children aged 18 months to 3 years, residual bony deformity can be corrected with a femoral or pelvic osteotomy in addition to open reduction. In children with complex deformity or in children aged >3 years, both pelvic and femoral osteotomies are commonly required to stabilize an open reduction.
Effective Implementation of TVET—Industry Partnership for Employability of Graduates through Work Integrated Learning in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Ernest O. Ugwoke , Helen A. Ezeji, , Nathaniel I. Edeh, , Ernest A. C. Etonyeaku,
Published: August 2016

This study is centered on the implementation of work integrated learning by Nigerian universities in partnership with industries. Descriptive survey method was adopted for the study and 45-item structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 117 TVET lecturers in universities that offer TVET courses in South-Eastern Nigeria. The results of the study showed that work integrated learning is implemented to low extent by the universities, and the implementation is constrained by many factors such as poor teacher quality, lack of policy and curriculum provisions for work integrated learning experiences and activities. Many strategies that can enhance the implementation of TVET-based work integrated learning by Nigeria universities were also identified. Based on the findings, it was recommended that government, TVET institutions and other stakeholders should give more support and encouragement for effective implementation of work integrated learning by universities in Nigeria in partnership with industries.
Dissocier les effets facilitants et les effets délétères de l’émotion sur la cognition
Authors: Dolcos Florin , Denkova Ekaterina
Published: August 2016

L’émotion est une « arme à double tranchant » qui peut soit améliorer, soit détériorer des aspects divers de notre cognition et de notre comportement. Par exemple, la charge émotionnelle d’un événement peut attirer l’attention et renforcer la mémoire de cet événement, par contre une information émotionnelle, sans pertinence pour la tâche cognitive en cours, peut être considérée comme une distraction et ainsi entraîner la détérioration de la performance à cette tâche. Ces effets opposés de l’émotion peuvent être identifiés à différents niveaux, à la fois au sein du même processus cognitif et à travers des processus cognitifs différents, ou à un niveau plus général, comme dans le cas de la réponse au stress. Cette revue présente des données nouvelles qui permettent de mieux comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les effets opposés de l’émotion sur la cognition chez le sujet sain ainsi que dans le cas de dysfonctionnements liés à des désordres affectifs. Les questions discutées dans cette revue sont d’une grande importance pour arriver à mieux comprendre les mécanismes impliqués dans les relations entre émotion et cognition dans le fonctionnement sain ainsi que dans les troubles émotionnels où les effets de l’émotion sur la cognition sont intensifiés. Globalement, la présente revue souligne la nécessité de considérer et identifier les facteurs qui peuvent avoir une influence sur les effets de facilitation et les effets de dégradation des émotions sur la cognition.
L’influence de la puberté sur les circuits neuronaux sous-tendant la régulation des émotions : implications pour la compréhension des risques de troubles affectifs
Authors: Ladouceur Cecile D.
Published: August 2016

L’adolescence, avec le début de la puberté, représente une période développementale durant laquelle il existe une plus grande vulnérabilité pour l’émergence de psychopathologies telle que les troubles affectifs. C’est également une importante période de maturation des circuits neuronaux sous-tendant la régulation des émotions, suggérant ainsi la possibilité que certains mécanismes neurodéveloppementaux puissent contribuer à cette vulnérabilité. Bien que plusieurs études épidémiologiques suggèrent une prévalence plus élevée de troubles dépressifs durant la puberté chez les filles, les chercheurs ne font que commencer à se pencher sur la question de l’influence spécifique de la puberté sur le développement des circuits fronto-striato-limbiques sous-tendant la régulation des émotions. Cet article inclut a) la présentation d’études en imagerie par résonance magnétique axées sur l’étude du développement cérébral sous-tendant les émotions pendant la puberté ; b) le traitement de l’importance de l’étude du développement cérébral pendant la puberté afin d’élucider les facteurs prédisposant aux troubles affectifs ; c) une intégration des recherches scientifiques en neuroscience affective du développement en vue de développer des stratégies d’intervention pour les troubles affectifs chez l’adolescent.
Cognition sociale et sens de l’agentivité en autisme : de l’action à l’interaction
Authors: Lafleur Alexis , Soulières Isabelle , Forgeot d’Arc Baudoin
Published: August 2016

Le sens de l’agentivité (SdA) consiste à détecter que l’on est la cause d’une action (Gallagher, 2000). Il est lié au contrôle moteur, mais également à la conscience de soi et pourrait jouer un rôle important dans l’interaction sociale. Le trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) est caractérisé par une altération des interactions sociales et de la communication (DSM-5 ; APA, 2013), et est souvent perçu comme relevant d’un déficit primaire de fonctions spécifiques à la cognition sociale. Pourtant, le contrôle moteur est également altéré dans le TSA. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les symptômes moteurs et l’atteinte de l’interaction sociale pourraient relever d’une même atteinte du SdA. Nous présentons d’abord les modèles explicatifs généraux et les bases neurofonctionnelles du SdA implicite et explicite (Synofziket al., 2008), puis les manifestations de ses perturbations dans d’autres troubles neuropsychiatriques comme la schizophrénie. Dans le TSA, la formation atypique des modèles internes de l’action lors de l’apprentissage moteur (Haswellet al., 2009) pourrait être à l’origine de l’altération du SdA implicite. Le manque de fidélité des indices d’agentivité sensorimoteurs (Zallaet al., 2015) pourrait de façon concomitante entraîner l’altération du SdA explicite. Nous discutons les principales manifestations cliniques du TSA qui seraient reliées aux altérations du SdA (difficultés dans la théorie de l’esprit et l’imitation, déficits de la coordination et des praxies, etc.)
Neurostimulation du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral : quels effets sur la symptomatologie, l’humeur et les émotions dans la dépression et la schizophrénie ?
Authors: Psomiades Marion , Fonteneau Clara , Suaud-Chagny Marie-Françoise , Haesebaert Frédéric , Brunelin Jérôme
Published: August 2016

La stimulation magnétique transcrânienne répétée (rTMS) et la stimulation transcrânienne par courant continu (tDCS) sont des techniques de stimulation cérébrale non invasive actuellement utilisées comme solutions thérapeutiques dans plusieurs pathologies psychiatriques. Appliquées au niveau du cortex préfrontal dorsolatéral (CPFDL), elles ont montré leur efficacité pour diminuer les symptômes pharmacorésistants chez les patients déprimés et chez les patients schizophrènes avec symptômes négatifs prédominants (SN). Le CPFDL est une structure cérébrale impliquée dans l’expression de ces symptômes et dans d’autres processus dysfonctionnels de ces deux pathologies comme les processus émotionnels. Le but de cette revue est d’établir s’il existe ou non un lien entre l’amélioration clinique et la modulation des processus émotionnels suite à la stimulation du CPFDL dans ces deux pathologies. Les données collectées montrent que l’amélioration des processus émotionnels n’est pas en lien avec l’amélioration clinique ni chez les patients déprimés ni chez les patients SN. Notre revue suggère que bien que partageant des structures cérébrales communes, les réseaux cérébraux impliqués dans les processus émotionnels d’une part et les symptômes dépressifs ou les SN d’autre part seraient distincts.
Le trouble de stress post-traumatique parmi les détenus en centre pénitentiaire en Guyane française
Authors: Arnal Romain , Ayhan Gülen , Pinganaud Éric , Basurko Célia , Jehel Louis
Published: August 2016

Soumis à des mouvements de population importants, la Guyane française et son centre pénitentiaire abritent une population métissée chez qui l’histoire récente a laissé une empreinte forte (tremblement de terre en Haïti, guerre civile au Suriname, violence liée à l’orpaillage et au trafic de stupéfiants). Ces événements de vie négatifs apparaissent comme autant de vecteurs potentiels de psychotraumatismes. Dans ces conditions, il nous a paru essentiel de mettre l’accent sur le repérage du trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) dans cette population sensible. À l’aide d’entretiens d’accueil dédiés, nous nous sommes proposé de repérer les TSPT, de décrire sur un plan sociodémographique la population étudiée et de rechercher les comorbidités psychiatriques. Le résultat principal de cette étude était une prévalence du TSPT de 17 % chez les arrivants en détention. Le MINI 5.0 a montré une prévalence plus élevée des pathologies psychiatriques dans le groupe présentant un TSPT avec un lien très fort (p < 0,005) pour l’épisode dépressif majeur actuel, l’épisode maniaque ou hypomaniaque actuel et le risque suicidaire. Cette étude appuie la nécessité d’avoir un dépistage systématique du TSPT chez les arrivants en détention. Cette pathologie est à la fois fréquente dans cette population et invalidante, mais ce sont ses comorbidités, dont le potentiel suicidaire, qui font tout l’enjeu d’un repérage précoce.
Modèle de l’engagement et de l’abandon de traitement de l’adolescent avec trouble de personnalité limite
Authors: Desrosiers Lyne , Saint-Jean Micheline , Laporte Lise
Published: August 2016

Malgré une vaste littérature sur l’abandon de traitement en pédopsychiatrie, les connaissances sur cette problématique chez l’adolescent avec trouble de personnalité limite (TPL) demeurent peu développées. Les conséquences d’un arrêt prématuré du traitement sont sérieuses considérant la récurrence de leurs conduites suicidaires. Afin de comprendre les processus associés à l’instabilité du mode de consultation de ces adolescents, une méthode de théorisation ancrée constructiviste avec un devis de cas multiples a été utilisée. Trente-quatre entrevues auprès de trois groupes d’informateurs (adolescent, parent et clinicien) ont été réalisées. Un modèle explicatif des facteurs de risque d’abandon, mais aussi des conditions susceptibles de favoriser la poursuite du traitement a été élaboré. Il identifie les déterminants de l’abandon qui sont spécifiques aux adolescents avec TPL et décrit les processus par lesquels ceux-ci interfèrent avec la poursuite du traitement. Deux moments critiques ont été mis en évidence. Le premier survient au moment de l’offre de traitement. Il est déterminé par les capacités du dispositif de soins à profiter de l’impulsion de la demande d’aide pour engager l’adolescent et le parent en tenant compte de leurs vulnérabilités à l’abandon. Le deuxième moment critique survient en cours de traitement. Il est marqué par les capacités du dispositif de soins à adopter des mesures correctives lorsqu’apparaissent des complications d’engagement. Ces résultats mettent en évidence l’importance des réponses du dispositif de soins et suggèrent que l’engagement des adolescents avec TPL devrait constituer un objectif thérapeutique au même titre que la réduction de la symptomatologie et des problèmes de vie.
Long-Term Results of Surgical Treatment of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Igari Kimihiro , Kudo Toshifumi , Toyofuku Takahiro , Iwai Takehisa , Inoue Yoshinori
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the surgical repair of popliteal artery aneurysms (PAAs), and to analyze the factors associated with graft patency. Between January 1980 and December 2013, 45 limbs were subjected to open surgical repair at Tokyo Medical and Dental Hospital. We retrospectively examined the patients' clinical characteristics, clinical symptoms, and aneurysm-related anatomy. Surgical procedures were performed through a posterior or medial approach using autologous vein or prosthetic graft. Surgical outcomes were evaluated by postoperative mortality, postoperative morbidity, graft patency, and limb salvage. During the study period, 45 limbs (35 patients; mean age, 60 years) underwent open surgical repair. A total of 25 limbs were treated through a posterior approach using 23 autologous vein grafts (AVGs) and 2 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) grafts. The other 20 limbs were treated through a medial approach using 13 AVGs and 7 ePTFE grafts. During the mean follow-up period of 65 months, the primary patency rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 88.0%, 75.7%, and 75.7%, respectively, and the limb salvage rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 97.1%, 91.4%, and 91.4%, respectively. In the univariate analysis, the ligation and bypass grafting affected the primary patency rate significantly, and the ePTFE graft was associated with a poor primary patency in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 17.8). The use of resection or endoaneurysmorrhaphy for PAAs and graft interposition with an AVG might be more effective for the open repair of PAAs.
Southwestward weakening of Wyoming lithosphere during the Laramide orogeny
Authors: Gao Min , Fan Majie , Moucha Robert
Published: August 2016

The mechanism of Laramide deformation in the central Rocky Mountains remains enigmatic. It is generally agreed that the deformation resulted from low‐angle subduction of the Farallon plate beneath the North American plate during the latest Cretaceous‐early Eocene; however, recent studies have suggested the importance of slab removal or slab rollback in causing this deformation. Here we infer Wyoming lithosphere structure and surface deformation pattern by conducting 2‐D flexural subsidence modeling in order to provide constraints on the mechanism of Laramide deformation. We assume that Wyoming lithosphere behaved as an infinite elastic plate subject to tectonic loading of mountain ranges and conduct 2‐D flexural subsidence modeling to major Laramide basins to document lithospheric stiffness and mountain load height. Our results show that the stiffness of Wyoming lithosphere varied slightly in each basin during the ~30 Myr duration of the Laramide deformation and decreased from northeastern Wyoming (Te = 32–46 km) to southwestern Wyoming (Te = 6–9 km). Our results also imply that the increase of equivalent load height of major Laramide ranges accelerated during the early Eocene. We propose that the bending stresses induced by the topographic load of the Sevier fold‐and‐thrust belt combined with crust‐mantle decoupling initiated by the overthickened Sevier hinterland and the end loads due to the low‐angle subduction at the western edge of the thick Wyoming craton have caused the southwestward decrease of lithospheric stiffness in Wyoming. Moreover, we attribute the accelerated load height gain during the early Eocene to both dynamic and isostatic effects associated with slab rollback.
Ecosystem resilience to the Millennium drought in southeast Australia (2001–2009)
Authors: Sawada Yohei , Koike Toshio
Published: August 2016

The prolonged Millennium drought in southeast Australia (2001–2009) provides a unique opportunity to analyze the responses of a semiarid ecosystem to severe droughts. In this paper, we analyzed vegetation dynamics in the Millennium drought using visible/infrared observations, passive microwave observations, and a simple ecohydrological model. The satellite observations indicated that the ecosystem maintained its greenness in the Millennium drought, although the total aboveground biomass was significantly decreased by water scarcity. The results of our numerical experiments suggested that the resilience of vegetation greenness to the drought could be explained by a carbon allocation strategy that was sensitive to light and water availability and by temporal changes in vegetation traits. Our numerical experiments successfully simulated the decrease of total aboveground biomass with unchanged vegetation greenness during the Millennium drought.
Baseline characteristics, chromosomal alterations, and treatment affecting prognosis of deletion 17p in newly diagnosed myeloma
Authors: Merz Maximilian , Hielscher Thomas , Seckinger Anja , Hose Dirk , Mai Elias K. , Raab Marc S. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Jauch Anna , Hillengass Jens
Published: August 2016

Deletion 17p13, del(17p), is associated with poor outcome in myeloma but some patients show long‐term survival. With the current study we intended to identify factors impacting outcome of such high risk patients. We analyzed 110 newly diagnosed, symptomatic patients with del(17p) detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in CD138‐purified myeloma cells to identify prognostic factors for survival. Age >65 years, ISS III, and elevated LDH negatively impacted survival. Patients with subclonal (10–60% of plasma cells) del(17p) had longer progression‐free survival (PFS) than patients with del(17p) in >60% of plasma cells (26 vs. 19 months, P = 0.03). Additional gain of 1q21 was associated with shorter PFS (17 vs. 25 months, P = 0.01). Hyperdiploidy did not ameliorate impact of del(17p), but gain 19q13 predicted longer PFS (30 vs. 18 months, P = 0.01) and overall survival (50 vs. 29 months, P = 0.01). Multivariate analysis in transplant eligible patients (≤65 years) revealed better survival for patients treated with upfront autologous transplantation (hazard ratio, [95% confidence interval]: 0.15 [0.04, 0.58], P = 0.006). Application of maintenance therapy was associated with better survival in transplant‐eligible patients (0.30 [0.09, 0.99], P = 0.05). We demonstrate heterogeneous outcome of patients with del(17p) according to baseline characteristics and treatment. 19q13 should be included in routine FISH panel, since gains were associated with better survival. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E473–E477, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DIETARY SILVER NANOPARTICLES REDUCE FITNESS IN A BENEFICIAL, BUT NOT PEST, INSECT SPECIES
Authors: Afrasiabi Zahra , Popham Holly J.R. , Stanley David , Suresh Dhananjay , Finley Kristen , Campbell Jonelle , Kannan Raghuraman , Upendran Anandhi
Published: August 2016

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antimicrobial and insecticidal properties and they have been considered for their potential use as insecticides. While they do, indeed, kill some insects, two broader issues have not been considered in a critical way. First, reports of insect‐lethal AgNPs are often based on simplistic methods that yield nanoparticles of nonuniform shapes and sizes, leaving questions about the precise treatments test insects experienced. Second, we do not know how AgNPs influence beneficial insects. This work addresses these issues. We assessed the influence of AgNPs on life history parameters of two agricultural pest insect species, Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm) and Trichoplusia ni (cabbage looper) and a beneficial predatory insect species, Podisus maculiventris (spined soldier bug), all of which act in agroecosystems. Rearing the two pest species on standard media amended with AgNPs led to negligible influence on developmental times, pupal weights, and adult emergence, however, they led to retarded development, reductions in adult weight and fecundity, and increased mortality in the predator. These negative effects on the beneficial species, if also true for other beneficial insect species, would have substantial negative implications for continued development of AgNPs for insect pest management programs.
Wide dynamic range of surface‐plasmon‐resonance‐based assay for hepatitis B surface antigen antibody optimal detection in comparison with ELISA
Authors: Tam Yew Joon , Zeenathul Nazariah Allaudin , Rezaei Morvarid Akhavan , Mustafa Nor Hidayah , Azmi Mohd Lila Mohd , Bahaman Abdul Rani , Lo Sewn Cen , Tan Joo Shun , Hani Homayoun , Rasedee Abdullah
Published: August 2016

Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification, and the dynamic range of detection of hepatitis B surface antigen antibody (anti‐HBs) using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chip‐based approach with Pichia pastoris‐derived recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) as recognition element were established through the scouting for optimal conditions for the improvement of immobilization efficiency and in the use of optimal regeneration buffer. Recombinant HBsAg was immobilized onto the sensor surface of a CM5 chip at a concentration of 150 mg/L in sodium acetate buffer at pH 4 with added 0.6% Triton X‐100. A regeneration solution of 20 mM HCl was optimally found to effectively unbind analytes from the ligand, thus allowing for multiple screening cycles. A dynamic range of detection of ∼0.00098–0.25 mg/L was obtained, and a sevenfold higher LOD, as well as a twofold increase in coefficient of variance of the replicated results, was shown as compared with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Evaluation of the assay for specificity showed no cross‐reactivity with other antibodies tested. The ability of SPR chip‐based assay and ELISA to detect anti‐HBs in human serum was comparable, indicating that the SPR chip‐based assay with its multiple screening capacity has greater advantage over ELISA.
Erster und zweiter Rettungsweg in Wohngebäuden
Authors: Meyn Wilhelm , Kießling Jascha , Göwecke Karsten
Published: August 2016

Im Brandfall müssen im Regelfall zwei voneinander unabhängige Rettungswege für die Flüchtenden zur Verfügung stehen. Die brandschutztechnische Ausbildung dieser Wege wird in den entsprechenden Landesbauordnungen geregelt. In diesem Artikel werden hierzu einige wichtige Details näher erläutert. Unter anderem sind nicht alle auf dem Markt angebotenen Rettungssysteme, wie z. B. fest installierte Leitern, als baulicher Rettungsweg geeignet.

Der zweite Rettungsweg führt im Wohnungsbau üblicherweise über die Rettungsgeräte der Feuerwehr. Je nach Einsatzstrategie und vorhandenem Equipment setzt sie hierzu unterschiedliche Geräte ein. Nach den Einsatzberichten der Berliner Feuerwehr aus den Jahren 2012/13 wurden auch häufiger verqualmte Treppenräume zur Rettung von Personen genutzt. Um die Flüchtenden vor den toxischen Brandrauchgasen zu schützen, kamen bei diesen Rettungsaktionen Fluchthauben zum Einsatz oder eine temporäre Rauchfreiheit wurde durch Überdruck belüfter erzeugt.