bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic and comprehensive review of internet use in cancer patients: Psychological factors
Authors: Lleras de Frutos María , Casellas‐Grau Anna , Sumalla Enric C. , de Gracia Marta , Borràs Josep M. , Ochoa Arnedo Cristian
Published: August 2019

Objectives

Online resources are changing patient‐professional relationship and care delivery by empowering patients to engage in decisions in order to cope with their illness and modify behaviors. This review analyses the psychological factors associated with spontaneous and health professional–guided internet use in cancer patients.

Methods

Searches were performed in the PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, and Scopus databases. Studies were included if they involved cancer patients or focused on the relationship between cancer patients and health professionals, describing either patients' spontaneous use of interne or a guided‐structured eHealth psychosocial intervention.

Results

Seventy‐seven scientific papers were finally included. Results described emotional and behavioral outcomes in cancer patients who accessed online information. Internet has long been used spontaneously not only as a source of medical information or symptom management but also for decision making or emotional and social support. Health professionals can guide internet use, providing specific web‐based recommendations and developing intervention programs to better meet patients' needs, such as educational or information programs.

Conclusion

Online access is a complementary form of care that physicians can provide. Patients benefit from online resources, especially when both they and their health professionals increase their engagement with online interventions such as integrated systems or online communities.
Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs
Authors: Alves Robson RV , Soares Tatiana , Bento Elinaldo FL , Roldan‐Filho Ricardo S , Souza Bárbara SS , Lima Marcele KN , Nascimento Jéssica S , Coelho Luana CBB , Sá Roberto A , Lima Thâmarah A , Gonçalves Gabriel GA , Brayner Fábio A , Alves Luiz C , Navarro Daniela MAF , Napoleão Thiago H , Paiva Patrícia MG
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Lectins from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL), Myracrodruon urundeuva bark (MuBL), and heartwood (MuHL) are larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti; in addition, WSMoL is an ovicidal agent against this mosquito. In this work, we evaluated the ovicidal activity of MuBL and MuHL by determining the concentrations that reduce the hatching rates by 50% in 72 h (EC50). The effects of WSMoL, MuBL, and MuHL on the ultrastructure of the eggs' surface were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the ability of these lectins to penetrate the eggs was investigated by using conjugates of the lectins with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC).

RESULTS

MuBL and MuHL were ovicidal agents with EC50 of 0.26 and 0.80 mg/mL (260 and 800 ppm), respectively. SEM images of eggs treated with WSMoL for 24 h revealed discontinuity of the exochorionic network and the absence of the exochorionic cells and their tubercles. After 48 and 72 h of incubation, strong deformation and degeneration of egg surfaces were observed. In MuBL and MuHL‐treated eggs, the presence of lumps on the surface of the eggs, disappearance of the exochorionic network and the decrease and deformation of tubercles were observed. Lastly, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the three lectins were able to enter the eggs and reach the digestive tract of the embryos.

CONCLUSION

WSMoL, MuBL, and MuHL are ovicidal agents on A. aegypti that have differing efficiencies in terms of how they cause alterations in the chorionic surface and in terms of their ability to penetrate the eggs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Droplet size and physicochemical property effects on herbicide efficacy of pre‐emergence herbicides in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr)
Authors: Urach Ferreira Pedro Henrique , Ferguson Jason Connor , Reynolds Daniel B , Kruger Greg R , Irby Jon Trenton
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Unlike post‐emergence herbicides (POSTs), little is known about droplet size effect on pre‐emergence herbicide (PRE) efficacy. Four nozzle types were used to apply different PRE herbicides on eight soybean fields in Missouri and Mississippi in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Pendimethalin, metribuzin, clomazone, imazethapyr and pyroxasulfone were selected based on their physicochemical characteristics (adsorption, volatility and solubility) and were sprayed using XR11002, ULD12002, TTI6011002, and TTI11002 nozzles.

RESULTS

The XR nozzle produced the smallest droplet size (DV0.5), 204 μm, followed by the ULD, TTI60 and TTI with DV0.5 of 468, 646, and 794 μm, respectively. Droplet size, spray coverage, nozzle type or physicochemical characteristics showed no effect on PRE herbicide efficacy, except in the Monroe County, MS, field, with pendimethalin. The TTI60 twin fan nozzle enhanced pendimethalin weed control (up to 91%) in comparison with pendimethalin sprayed with the TTI nozzle (64%), in a high organic matter (OM) soil composed of large soil clods and high weed pressure. It was hypothesized that improved herbicide penetration assisted by the TTI60 dual fan pattern increased herbicide‐moisture contact and clod coverage by the herbicide. Under soils with higher OM content (>2%) pendimethalin weed control was reduced. In soils with low OM (<0.7%), low cation exchange capacity (CEC) (<13.1%) and rainfall of 12.2 mm within 3 days after application, metribuzin also resulted in reduced weed control.

CONCLUSION

The results indicate that droplet size does not affect PRE herbicide efficacy regardless of physicochemical herbicide properties including adsorption, volatility and solubility. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Transcriptomic profiling of effects of emamectin benzoate on the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Lu Feng , Guo Kai , Chen Anliang , Chen Shani , Lin Haiping , Zhou Xiang
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Emamectin benzoate (EB) has recently been successfully applied as a trunk injection for preventative control of the pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer) Nickle. Here, a whole‐organism transcriptomic analysis provides comprehensive insights into the adverse effects of EB on B. xylophilus.

RESULTS

A large set of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, demonstrating the antagonistic effects of EB on B. xylophilus embryonic and larval development, reproduction, nervous and motor systems, and pathogenesis. In toxicity assays with EB, the number of eggs laid, hatching rate, thrashing frequency, and developmental rate of B. xylophilus were significantly suppressed at low concentrations (0.1 μg mL−1). Moreover, the transcriptional changes validated by real‐time quantitative PCR showed downregulated transcript levels of the genes encoding pectate lyases, β‐1,4‐endoglucanases, and upregulated the genes encoding glutamate‐gated chloride channel, γ‐aminobutyric acid type β receptor, uridine 5′‐diphospho‐glucuronosyl transferase, ATP‐binding cassette transporter. The potential responses of B. xylophilus to EB included the upregulation of several genes putatively contributing to oocyte protection, stem cell renewal, and xenobiotic degradation, implying the potential for drug resistance to develop.

CONCLUSION

Our findings further our understanding of the effects of EB for managing the PWD and may help to improve the pesticide‐use strategies for controlling B. xylophilus. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Importance analysis considering time‐varying parameters and different perturbation occurrence times
Authors: Noroozian Ali , Kazemzadeh Reza Baradaran , Zio Enrico , Niaki Seyed Taghi Akhavan
Published: August 2019

Importance measures are integral parts of risk assessment for risk‐informed decision making. Because the parameters of a risk model, such as the component failure rates, are functions of time and a perturbation (change) in their values can occur during the mission time, time dependence must be considered in the evaluation of the importance measures. In this paper, it is shown that the change in system performance at time t, and consequently the importance of the parameters at time t, depends on the parameters perturbation time and their value functions during the system mission time. We consider a nonhomogeneous continuous time Markov model of a series‐parallel system to propose the mathematical proofs and simulations, while the ideas are also shown to be consistent with general models having nonexponential failure rates. Two new measures of importance and a simulation scheme for their computation are introduced to account for the effect of perturbation time and time‐varying parameters.
Hypotensive episodes associated with azithromycin infusion: a potentially fatal adverse drug reaction
Authors: Wong Jeffrey , Munsif Maitri , O'Hehir Robyn , Hew Mark , Dabscheck Eli
Published: August 2019

We report the first case of hypotensive episodes associated with intravenous (IV) azithromycin. This is a potentially fatal adverse drug reaction (ADR), with the risk of irreversible end‐organ damage, and therefore must be recognized and treated immediately. In our case, the reaction was successfully managed by immediate cessation of the azithromycin infusion. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this ADR as azithromycin is a commonly prescribed medication worldwide.
The current state and future outlook of rescue robotics
Authors: Delmerico Jeffrey , Mintchev Stefano , Giusti Alessandro , Gromov Boris , Melo Kamilo , Horvat Tomislav , Cadena Cesar , Hutter Marco , Ijspeert Auke , Floreano Dario , Gambardella Luca M. , Siegwart Roland , Scaramuzza Davide
Published: August 2019

Robotic technologies, whether they are remotely operated vehicles, autonomous agents, assistive devices, or novel control interfaces, offer many promising capabilities for deployment in real‐world environments. Postdisaster scenarios are a particularly relevant target for applying such technologies, due to the challenging conditions faced by rescue workers and the possibility to increase their efficacy while decreasing the risks they face. However, field‐deployable technologies for rescue work have requirements for robustness, speed, versatility, and ease of use that may not be matched by the state of the art in robotics research. This paper aims to survey the current state of the art in ground and aerial robots, marine and amphibious systems, and human–robot control interfaces and assess the readiness of these technologies with respect to the needs of first responders and disaster recovery efforts. We have gathered expert opinions from emergency response stakeholders and researchers who conduct field deployments with them to understand these needs, and we present this assessment as a way to guide future research toward technologies that will make an impact in real‐world disaster response and recovery.
What a Genealogical Analysis of Nila Banton Smith's American Reading Instruction Reveals About the Present Through the Past
Authors: Hoffman James V. , Alvermann Donna E.
Published: August 2019

The authors used a conceptual analysis, following Foucauldian genealogy, to consider the history of Nila Banton Smith's American Reading Instruction. The goal was to make better sense of the challenges and opportunities facing literacy instruction today and to articulate the enormous responsibilities of literacy scholars to critically represent the past in relation to the present. The guiding question for the research was, What enabling conditions make it possible for Smith's American Reading Instruction and the historical narrative of progress in elementary reading instruction in the United States to remain strong? The authors identify and discuss five enabling conditions and discuss how the study of these conditions can inform understanding of the field of reading instruction today. The authors further argue for genealogical research as a promising tool for historical research into reading instruction.
Developing tasks to assess phenomenon‐based science learning: Challenges and lessons learned from building proximal transfer tasks
Authors: Penuel William R. , Turner Michael L. , Jacobs Jennifer K. , Van Horne Katie , Sumner Tamara
Published: August 2019

The vision for science proficiency presented in A Framework for K‐12 Science Education calls for significant shifts in both teaching and assessment. In this paper, we describe an effort to develop and validate a set of proximal transfer tasks for high school biology classrooms where teachers were implementing a problem‐based curriculum. The proximal transfer tasks presented students with phenomena related to but distinct from the phenomena they had studied in class and asked students to apply their understanding of disciplinary core ideas, practices, and crosscutting concepts targeted in curriculum. We tested these tasks with a sample of 733 students from 11 teachers’ classes. Each of these students completed two tasks before beginning the unit and two tasks after they had finished the unit. We found that nearly all pretest and posttest task pairs were aligned to written opportunities to learn in the curriculum, that is, students showed significant growth over the course of a unit. In addition, task pairs revealed differences across teachers. However, the relative growth of students depended on which tasks students completed, indicating wide variation in task difficulty. Our findings point to the potential of developing three‐dimensional proximal transfer tasks and to the difficulty of constructing equivalent tasks.
A joint model for multiple dynamic processes and clinical endpoints: Application to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Proust‐Lima Cécile , Philipps Viviane , Dartigues Jean‐François
Published: August 2019

As other neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, the most frequent dementia in the elderly, is characterized by multiple progressive impairments in the brain structure and in clinical functions such as cognitive functioning and functional disability. Until recently, these components were mostly studied independently because no joint model for multivariate longitudinal data and time to event was available in the statistical community. Yet, these components are fundamentally interrelated in the degradation process toward dementia and should be analyzed together. We thus propose a joint model to simultaneously describe the dynamics of multiple correlated components. Each component, defined as a latent process, is measured by one or several continuous markers (not necessarily Gaussian). Rather than considering the associated time to diagnosis as in standard joint models, we assume diagnosis corresponds to the passing above a covariate‐specific threshold (to be estimated) of a pathological process that is modeled as a combination of the component‐specific latent processes. This definition captures the clinical complexity of diagnoses such as dementia diagnosis but also benefits from simplifications for the computation of maximum likelihood estimates. We show that the model and estimation procedure can also handle competing clinical endpoints. The estimation procedure, implemented in an R package, is validated by simulations and the method is illustrated on a large French population‐based cohort of cerebral aging in which we focused on the dynamics of three clinical manifestations and the associated risk of dementia and death before dementia.
Bayesian inference for a principal stratum estimand to assess the treatment effect in a subgroup characterized by postrandomization event occurrence
Authors: Magnusson Baldur P. , Schmidli Heinz , Rouyrre Nicolas , Scharfstein Daniel O.
Published: August 2019

The treatment effect in subgroups of patients is often of interest in randomized controlled clinical trials, as this may provide useful information on how to treat which patients best. When a specific subgroup is characterized by the absence of certain events that happen postrandomization, a naive analysis on the subset of patients without these events may be misleading. The principal stratification framework allows one to define an appropriate causal estimand in such settings. Statistical inference for the principal stratum estimand hinges on scientifically justified assumptions, which can be included with Bayesian methods through prior distributions. Our motivating example is a large randomized placebo‐controlled trial of siponimod in patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. The primary objective of this trial was to demonstrate the efficacy of siponimod relative to placebo in delaying disability progression for the whole study population. However, the treatment effect in the subgroup of patients who would not relapse during the trial is relevant from both a scientific and patient perspective. Assessing this subgroup treatment effect is challenging as there is strong evidence that siponimod reduces relapses. We describe in detail the scientific question of interest, the principal stratum estimand, the corresponding analysis method for binary endpoints, and sensitivity analyses. Although our work is motivated by a randomized clinical trial, the approach has broader appeal and could be adapted for observational studies.
Improvement of Cycleability and Rate‐Capability of LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Materials Coated with Lithium Boron Oxide by an Antisolvent Precipitation Method
Authors: Hashigami Satoshi , Yoshimi Kei , Kato Yukihiro , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Inagaki Toru , Haruta Masakazu , Hashinokuchi Michihiro , Doi Takayuki , Inaba Minoru
Published: August 2019

LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM) particles coated with lithium boron oxide were prepared by an antisolvent precipitation method. In the antisolvent precipitation method, ethanol was used to strip off the hydrated water coordinated with lithium ions and borate ions. By the antisolvent precipitation method, the NCM particles were coated with a uniform layer of LiBO2. The capacity fading on cycling was successfully suppressed for the lithium boron oxide‐coated samples. In addition, the rate capability was also improved by the coating. The lithium boron oxide coating effectively suppressed the increase of the electrode impedance associated with the electrolyte decomposition. Crack formation in the secondary particles after charge‐discharge cycling was greatly inhibited for lithium boron oxide‐coated NCM. It was demonstrated that the lithium boron oxide coating layer suppressed the side reactions not only on the particle surface, but also in the intergranular cracks by inhibiting the penetration of the electrolyte solution.
Artificial Channels in an Infectious Biofilm Created by Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhanced Bacterial Killing by Antibiotics
Authors: Quan Kecheng , Zhang Zexin , Chen Hong , Ren Xiaoxiang , Ren Yijin , Peterson Brandon W. , van der Mei Henny C. , Busscher Henk J.
Published: August 2019

The poor penetrability of many biofilms contributes to the recalcitrance of infectious biofilms to antimicrobial treatment. Here, a new application for the use of magnetic nanoparticles in nanomedicine to create artificial channels in infectious biofilms to enhance antimicrobial penetration and bacterial killing is proposed. Staphylococcus aureus biofilms are exposed to magnetic‐iron‐oxide nanoparticles (MIONPs), while magnetically forcing MIONP movement through the biofilm. Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrates artificial channel digging perpendicular to the substratum surface. Artificial channel digging significantly (4–6‐fold) enhances biofilm penetration and bacterial killing efficacy by gentamicin in two S. aureus strains with and without the ability to produce extracellular polymeric substances. Herewith, this work provides a simple, new, and easy way to enhance the eradication of infectious biofilms using MIONPs combined with clinically applied antibiotic therapies.
Surviving the Famine Unscathed? An Analysis of the Long‐Term Health Effects of the Great Chinese Famine
Authors: Cheng Wenli , Shi Hui
Published: August 2019

We study the long‐term health effects of the Chinese Famine of 1959–1961 on five cohorts of individuals exposed to it at different stages of their early lives. Based on a 2011 national survey, we use instrumental variables to estimate the impact of the Famine on various health and lifestyle indicators for the whole sample and for the female and male subsamples separately. We have found some negative effects of Famine exposure: (i) for the whole sample, Famine exposure reduced adult height for two out of five cohorts; (ii) for both the female and the male subsamples, Famine exposure reduced adult height in one cohort; and on the whole the reduction was larger for males. We have also found in the subsample that Famine exposure was associated with (i) a higher risk of having hypertension in one cohort for females; (ii) a higher likelihood of smoking in one male cohort; and (iii) a higher probability of consuming alcohol in one cohort for males. Finally, we have not found a statistically significant association between Famine exposure and the risk of being overweight or underweight, having diabetes or other chronic diseases, having depression.
Zur Verformungsberechnung von Slim‐Floor‐Trägern
Authors: Iliopoulos Aristidis
Published: August 2019

Die Verformungsberechnung einbetonierter Stahlträger (Slim Floor) stellt wegen der Rissbildung des Betons, der Nachgiebigkeit der Verdübelung und des rheologischen Verhaltens des Betons ein umstrittenes Problem dar. DIN EN 1994‐1‐1 enthält keinerlei Regelungen zur Gebrauchstauglichkeitsbemessung von Slim‐Floor‐Trägern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein praxisfreundliches Verfahren vorgeschlagen, welches für die Verformungsberechnung einbetonierter Stahlquerschnitte, durch die Rissbildungsfaktoren von DIN EN 1992‐1‐1 (ζ‐Methode), geeignet ist. Empfehlungen zur Berücksichtigung der Nachgiebigkeit der Verdübelung und des Kriechens und Schwindens des Betons werden auch gegeben.
Vergleich und Bewertung elastisch‐plastischer Nachweisalternativen
Authors: Wimmer Johannes , Schmidt Tobias , Seeßelberg Christoph
Published: August 2019

Um die plastischen Querschnittstragfähigkeiten von gewalzten I‐Profilen und Rechteckhohlprofilen auszunutzen, beschreibt DIN EN 1993‐1‐1 Methoden und gibt Interaktionsformeln an, Schnittgrößen im Querschnitt nachzuweisen. Ferner beschreibt Kindmann in [1, 2] das Teilschnittgrößenverfahren, das mit seinen Weiterentwicklungen zwei weitere Nachweisalternativen liefert.

In diesem Beitrag fassen die Autoren die Grundlagen dieser Nachweisalternativen für gewalzte I‐Profile und Rechteckhohlprofile zusammen. Dabei wird besonders auf die Anwendbarkeit eingegangen. Weiter werden anhand zweier Beispielprofile die absoluten Interaktionsräume je Nachweisalternative aufgespannt und gegenübergestellt. Dies erfolgt für die Schnittgrößenkombinationen N‐Vz‐My, N‐Vy‐Mz, N‐My‐Mz und N‐Vy‐Vz‐My‐Mz. Hierbei werden Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herausgestellt. Die Bewertung der Nachweisalternativen erfolgt hinsichtlich der Anwendbarkeit, der Sicherheit sowie der Genauigkeit. Während die Bewertung der Anwendbarkeit subjektiv ist, sind die letzteren Attribute objektiver bewertbar. Der Ausblick resümiert die Praktikabilität der diskutierten Nachweisalternativen.
Development and validation of predictive models for QUiPP App v.2: tool for predicting preterm birth in women with symptoms of threatened preterm labor
Authors: Carter J. , Seed P. T. , Watson H. A. , David A. L. , Sandall J. , Shennan A. H. , Tribe R. M.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To develop enhanced prediction models to update the QUiPP App prototype, a tool providing individualized risk of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB), for use in women with symptoms of threatened preterm labor (TPTL), incorporating risk factors, transvaginal ultrasound assessment of cervical length (CL) and cervicovaginal fluid quantitative fetal fibronectin (qfFN) test results.

Methods

Participants were pregnant women between 23 + 0 and 34 + 6 weeks' gestation with symptoms of TPTL, recruited as part of four prospective cohort studies carried out at 16 UK hospitals between October 2010 and October 2017. The training set comprised all women whose outcomes were known in May 2017 (n = 1032). The validation set comprised women whose outcomes were gathered between June 2017 and March 2018 (n = 506). Parametric survival models were developed for three combinations of predictors: risk factors plus qfFN test results alone, risk factors plus CL alone, and risk factors plus both qfFN and CL. The best models were selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The estimated probability of sPTB < 30, < 34 or < 37 weeks' gestation and within 1 or 2 weeks of testing was calculated and receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) curves were created to demonstrate the diagnostic ability of the prediction models.

Results

Predictive statistics were similar between the training and the validation sets at most outcome time points and for each combination of predictors. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) demonstrated that all three algorithms had good accuracy for the prediction of sPTB at < 30, < 34 and < 37 weeks' gestation and within 1 and 2 weeks' post‐testing in the validation set, particularly the model combining risk factors plus qfFN alone (AUC: 0.96 at < 30 weeks; 0.85 at < 34 weeks; 0.77 at < 37 weeks; 0.91 at < 1 week from testing; and 0.92 at < 2 weeks from testing).

Conclusions

Validation of the new prediction models suggests that the QUiPP App v.2 can reliably calculate risk of sPTB in women with TPTL. Use of the QUiPP App in practice could lead to better targeting of intervention, while providing reassurance and avoiding unnecessary intervention in women at low risk. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Using Dialogue to Navigate Controversy, Civility, and Community
Authors: Shaw Bonds Mahauganee D. , Quaye Stephen John
Published: August 2019

Overlaying literature on facilitating dialogue and campus crisis management, this chapter introduces dialogue as an effective tool for both administrative and student leaders to engage during times of campus unrest, and offers implications for the work of leadership educators.
Light-state dominance from the conformal bootstrap
Authors: Kraus Per , Sivaramakrishnan Allic
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We derive forms of light-state dominance for correlators in CFT
d
, making precise the sense in which correlators can be approximated by the contribution of light operator exchanges. Our main result is that the four-point function of operators with dimension Δ is approximated, with bounded error, by the contribution of operators with scaling dimension below Δ
c
> 2Δ in the appropriate OPE channel. Adapting an existing modular invariance argument, we use crossing symmetry to show that the heavy-state contribution is suppressed by a relative factor of

$$ {e}^{2\varDelta -{\varDelta}_c} $$

e

2
Δ
−

Δ
c

. We extend this result to the first sheet and derivatives of the correlator. Further exploiting technical similarities between crossing and modular invariance, we prove analogous results for the 2d partition function along the way.

We then turn to effective field theory in gapped theories and AdS/CFT, and make some general comments about the effect of integrating out heavy particles in the bulk. Combining our bounds with the Lorentzian OPE inversion formula we show that, under certain conditions, light-state dominance implies that integrating out heavy exchanges leads to higher-derivative couplings suppressed at large Δgap.
Generalized Hawking-Page transitions
Authors: Aharony Ofer , Urbach Erez Y. , Weiss Maya
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We construct holographic backgrounds that are dual by the AdS/CFT correspondence to Euclidean conformal field theories on products of spheres$$ {S}^{d_1}\times {S}^{d_2} $$Sd1×Sd2, for conformal field theories whose dual may be approximated by classical Einstein gravity (typically these are largeNstrongly coupled theories). Ford2= 1 these backgrounds correspond to thermal field theories on$$ {S}^{d_1} $$Sd1, and Hawking and Page found that there are several possible bulk solutions, with two different topologies, that compete with each other, leading to a phase transition as the relative size of the spheres is modified. By numerically solving the Einstein equations we find similar results also ford2>1, with bulk solutions in which either one or the other sphere shrinks to zero smoothly at a minimal value of the radial coordinate, and with a first order phase transition (ford1+d2<9) between solutions of two different topologies as the relative radius changes. For a critical ratio of the radii there is a (sub-dominant) singular solution where both spheres shrink, and we analytically analyze the behavior near this radius. Ford1+d2<9 the number of solutions grows to infinity as the critical ratio is approached.
Double-soft graviton amplitudes and the extended BMS charge algebra
Authors: Distler Jacques , Flauger Raphael , Horn Bart
Published: August 2019

Abstract

We discuss how scattering amplitudes in 4d Minkowski spacetime which involve multiple soft gravitons realize the algebra of BMS charges on the null boundary. In particular, we show how the commutator of two such charges is realized by the antisymmetrized consecutive soft limit of the double soft amplitude. The commutator is expected to be robust even in the presence of quantum corrections, and the associated Lie algebra has an extension, which breaks the BMS symmetry if the BMS algebra is taken to include the Virasoro algebra of local superrotations. We discuss the implications of this structure for the existence of a 2d CFT dual description for 4d scattering amplitudes.
Postoperative Long‐Term Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Gastric Cancer and Risk Factors for Death from Other Diseases
Authors: Hashimoto Tadayoshi , Kurokawa Yukinori , Mikami Jota , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Koji , Makino Tomoki , Yamasaki Makoto , Motoori Masaaki , Kimura Yutaka , Nakajima Kiyokazu , Mori Masaki , Doki Yuichiro
Published: August 2019

Background

Elderly patients with gastric cancer are frequently treated surgically in current clinical practice. Although several studies have investigated short‐term outcomes after gastrectomy in elderly patients, most did not evaluate long‐term outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed 1154 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy for gastric cancer between 2001 and 2013. We classified them into two groups: the elderly group (n = 241), consisting of patients aged ≥75 years, and the non‐elderly group (n = 913), consisting of patients aged <75 years, and compared the short‐ and long‐term outcomes between the two groups. The risk factors for death from other diseases in elderly patients were also examined.

Results

Although the incidence of postoperative pneumonia was significantly higher in the elderly group (P < 0.001), the proportion of overall postoperative complications did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.097). The disease‐specific survival was similar between the two groups (P = 0.743), whereas the overall survival in the elderly group was significantly shorter than that in the non‐elderly group (P < 0.001) because of a higher incidence of death from other diseases throughout all gastric cancer stages. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low preoperative prognostic nutrition index (PNI) and multiple comorbidities were significant risk factors for death from other diseases within 5 years in the elderly group.

Conclusions

Despite acceptable short‐term outcomes, long‐term outcomes in elderly patients with gastric cancer were poor due to the high incidence of death from other diseases. Indications for surgery in elderly patients with a low PNI or multiple comorbidities should be considered carefully.
Investigation of different environmental-friendly waste materials as lost circulation additive in drilling fluids
Authors: Idress Mazlin , Hasan Muhammad Luqman
Published: August 2019

Drilling fluid is a very important component to ensure smooth drilling process. Drilling fluid is developed and produced with many additives to fulfill its functions. One of the additives is lost circulation materials (LCMs) that will help to minimize or prevent fluid loss into the formation. This study aims to develop new LCM from agro-waste materials which are orange peel and sunflower seed. The LCMs were prepared in three different sizes: fine, medium and coarse and also with different concentrations: 0.8%, 1.3%, 2.2%, 2.7% and 4%. The performance of the drilling fluid with newly developed LCM was tested in terms of rheological and filtration properties. The results were compared with the commercial LCM that has been used in the industry which is nut plug. The results showed that drilling fluid with finest size and high concentration yielded good filtration control. From these preliminaries result, two best sizes were chosen, combined, mixed and tested. The chosen sizes were fine and medium. This new combination of LCM gave even better results compared to the fine-sized and high-concentration LCM. It can be concluded that to ensure good filtration control, the LCM could be combined together since the combination of different sizes minimized the pores created in the mud cake hence helping to reduce the potential of loss circulation problem.
Balancing of assembly lines with collaborative robots
Authors: Weckenborg Christian , Kieckhäfer Karsten , Müller Christoph , Grunewald Martin , Spengler Thomas S.
Published: August 2019

Motivated by recent developments to deploy collaborative robots in industrial production systems, we investigate the assembly line balancing problem with collaborative robots. The problem is characterized by the possibility that human and robots can simultaneously execute tasks at the same workpiece either in parallel or in collaboration. For this novel problem type, we present a mixed-integer programming formulation for balancing and scheduling of assembly lines with collaborative robots. The model decides on both the assignment of collaborative robots to stations and the distribution of workload to workers and robotic partners, aiming to minimize the cycle time. Given the high problem complexity, a hybrid genetic algorithm is presented as a solution procedure. Based on extensive computational experiments, the algorithm reveals promising results in both computational time and solution quality. Moreover, the results indicate that substantial productivity gains can be utilized by deploying collaborative robots in manual assembly lines. This holds especially true for a high average number of robots and tasks to be assigned to every station as well as a high portion of tasks that can be executed by the robot and in collaboration.
Clinicopathologic subtype of Alzheimer's disease presenting as corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Sakae Nobutaka , Josephs Keith A. , Litvan Irene , Murray Melissa E. , Duara Ranjan , Uitti Ryan J. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , van Gerpen Jay , Graff‐Radford Neil R. , Dickson Dennis W.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

The corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is associated with several neuropathologic disorders, including corticobasal degeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method

In this report, we studied 43 AD patients with CBS (AD‐CBS) and compared them with 42 AD patients with typical amnestic syndrome (AD‐AS), as well as 15 cases of corticobasal degeneration and CBS pathology.

Results

Unlike AD‐AS, AD‐CBS had prominent motor problems, including limb apraxia (90%), myoclonus (81%), and gait disorders (70%). Alien limb phenomenon was reported in 26% and cortical sensory loss in 14%. Language problems were also more frequent in AD‐CBS, and memory impairment was less frequent. AD‐CBS had more tau pathology in perirolandic cortices but less in superior temporal cortex than AD‐AS. In addition, AD‐CBS had greater neuronal loss in the substantia nigra.

Discussion

AD‐CBS is a clinicopathological subtype of AD with an atypical distribution of Alzheimer‐type tau pathology. Greater neuronal loss in the substantia nigra may contribute to Parkinsonism which is not a feature of typical AD.
The Insurance of Mass Murder: The Development of Slave Life Insurance Policies of Dutch Private Slave Ships, 1720–1780
Authors: LURVINK KARIN
Published: August 2019

Insurance on slaves, a financial spin-off effect of the slave trade, is not yet completely understood. This article investigates the development of the conditions of this kind of insurance in the Dutch Republic, Europe’s most important insurance sector before 1780. By analyzing various historical insurance documents from the period 1720–1780, it reveals that slave life insurance conditions became increasingly specific and standardized due to developments in general marine insurance and insurance debates on bloodily oppressed slave insurrections. This article shows how enslaved Africans indirectly influenced the insurance conditions by protesting, while insurers might have financially motivated the murder of enslaved Africans who attempted to escape. These findings provide insights into how Dutch insurers dealt with insuring humanswithagency as commoditieswithoutagency and how slavery and the financial world in the eighteenth century were connected.
Enstrophy transport in swirl combustion
Authors: Kazbekov Askar , Kumashiro Keishi , Steinberg Adam M.
Published: August 2019

The contributions of vortex stretching, dilatation, baroclinic torque and viscous diffusion to Reynolds-averaged enstrophy transport in turbulent swirl flames were experimentally measured using tomographic particle image velocimetry and$\text{CH}_{2}\text{O}$planar laser induced fluorescence at jet Reynolds numbers of 26 000–51 000. The mean baroclinic torque was determined by subtracting the other terms in the enstrophy transport equation from the mean Lagrangian derivative. Enstrophy production from baroclinic torque was found to be significant relative to the other transport terms across all conditions studies. This result contrasts with direct numerical simulations of flames in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, which show a decreasing relative significance of baroclinic torque with increasing turbulence intensity (e.g. Bobbitt, Lapointe & Blanquart,Phys. Fluids, vol. 28 (1), 2016, 015101). Hence, the significance of baroclinic enstrophy production in flames is not determined entirely by the local turbulence and flame properties, but also depends on the configuration-specific pressure field.
Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes
Authors: Woods Tyrone E. , Agarwal Bhaskar , Bromm Volker , Bunker Andrew , Chen Ke-Jung , Chon Sunmyon , Ferrara Andrea , Glover Simon C. O. , Haemmerlé Lionel , Haiman Zoltán , Hartwig Tilman , Heger Alexander , Hirano Shingo , Hosokawa Takashi , Inayoshi Kohei , Klessen Ralf S. , Kobayashi Chiaki , Koliopanos Filippos , Latif Muhammad A. , Li Yuexing , Mayer Lucio , Mezcua Mar , Natarajan Priyamvada , Pacucci Fabio , Rees Martin J. , Regan John A. , Sakurai Yuya , Salvadori Stefania , Schneider Raffaella , Surace Marco , Tanaka Takamitsu L. , Whalen Daniel J. , Yoshida Naoki
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the discovery of massive quasars at$z\sim7$has provided a striking challenge to our understanding of the origin and growth of supermassive black holes in the early Universe. Mounting observational and theoretical evidence indicates the viability of massive seeds, formed by the collapse of supermassive stars, as a progenitor model for such early, massive accreting black holes. Although considerable progress has been made in our theoretical understanding, many questions remain regarding how (and how often) such objects may form, how they live and die, and how next generation observatories may yield new insight into the origin of these primordial titans. This review focusses on our present understanding of this remarkable formation scenario, based on the discussions held at the Monash Prato Centre from November 20 to 24, 2017, during the workshop ‘Titans of the Early Universe: The Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes’.
The Speed of Adjustment to the Target Market Value Leverage Is Slower Than You Think
Authors: Yin Qie Ellie , Ritter Jay R.
Published: August 2019

In the capital structure literature, speed of adjustment (SOA) estimates are similar whether book or market leverage is used. This robustness is suspect, given the survey evidence that firms target their book leverage and the empirical evidence that they don’t issue securities to offset market leverage changes caused by stock price changes. We show that existing market SOA estimates are substantially upward biased due to the passive influence of stock price fluctuations. Controlling for this bias, the SOA estimate is 16% for book leverage and 10% for market leverage, implying that the trade-off theory is less important than previously thought.
A NOTE ON BALANCED-BUDGET INCOME TAXES AND AGGREGATE (IN)STABILITY IN MULTI-SECTOR ECONOMIES
Authors: Abad Nicolas , Venditti Alain
Published: August 2019

We examine the impact of balanced-budget labor income taxes on the existence of expectation-driven business cycles in a two-sector version of the Schmitt-Grohé and Uribe (SGU) [(1997) Journal of Political Economy 105, 976–1000] model with constant government expenditures and counter-cyclical taxes. Our results show that the destabilizing impact of labor income taxes strongly depends on the capital intensity difference across sectors. Local indeterminacy is indeed more likely when the consumption good sector is capital intensive, as the minimal tax rate decreases, and less likely when the investment good sector is capital intensive, as the minimal tax rate increases. The implication of this result can be quantitatively significant. Indeed, when compared to SGU, local indeterminacy can be either completely ruled out for all OECD countries when the investment good is sufficiently capital intensive or drastically improved, delivering indeterminacy for a larger set of OECD countries, if the consumption good is sufficiently capital intensive. Focusing however on recent estimates of the sectoral capital shares corresponding to the empirically plausible case of a capital intensive consumption good, we find that there is a significant increase of the range of economically relevant labor tax rates (from a minimum tax rate of 30% to 24.7% for which local indeterminacy arises with respect to the aggregate formulation of SGU.
Patterns of, and barriers to supportive care needs assessment and provision for Australian women with gynecological cancer and their caregivers: a mixed-methods study of clinical practice
Authors: Beesley Vanessa L , Staneva Aleksandra , Nehill Caroline , Milch Vivienne , Hughes Felicity , Webb Penelope M.
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To document the current clinical practice in 2017 for assessment of supportive care needs and provision of supportive care to women with gynecological cancer and their caregivers in Australia, and to identify the main enablers and barriers to care provision.

Methods

A total of 64 health professionals who care for Australian women with gynecological cancer responded to an electronic survey which explored their use of needs assessment, service-level processes and protocols for support service provision, and identified enablers and barriers to provision of care to both patients and caregivers. Eight respondents underwent an additional in-depth interview to elaborate on enablers, barriers, and gaps in the provision of supportive care.

Results

Mostly, needs assessment for women and caregivers was part of current practice but done without validated tools or a checklist. Only 30% of respondents reported having documented referral pathways. Most respondents simply recorded a plan for meeting needs within the patients’ medical record (63% for patients; 46% for caregivers) rather than using a formalized care plan (15% for patients; 6% for caregivers). The interviewees’ comments supported survey results that having sufficient time to discuss issues was both the most important enabling factor and the greatest barrier to successful supportive care provision. The interviewees further discussed variations in needs based on age, cultural background, and phases within the cancer care continuum, and that best practice supportive care should involve a multidisciplinary team and customizable protocols.

Significance of results

There is much room for improvement in the assessment of needs and provision of supportive care to women with gynecological cancer and their caregivers. Approaches to optimize use of consultation time (e.g., needs assessment tools and referral protocols) are necessary. Flexibility in the form and mode of delivery of support may be required to meet diverse personal preferences and incorporate caregivers.
Three‐Dimensional Flow Above River Bedforms: Insights From Numerical Modeling of a Natural Dune Field (Río Paraná, Argentina)
Authors: Lefebvre Alice
Published: August 2019

Bedforms are ubiquitous features in rivers and shallow seas, as mobile sediment is transported by flowing water. The mutual interaction of hydrodynamics and bedform has been widely studied in the laboratory over two‐dimensional bedforms having an angle‐of‐repose (30°) lee side and a relatively simple shape. However, the influence of bedform natural morphology and three‐dimensionality on the flow is still poorly constrained. The present work looks at how a natural three‐dimensional (3‐D) bedform field influences flow properties through high‐resolution numerical modeling. A 3‐D numerical model is set up with Delft3D and verified against lab experiments of idealized 3‐D bedforms. The model is used to simulate water velocities, turbulence, water levels, and bed shear stress above a natural bedform field from the Río Paraná (Argentina). The presence and size of the flow separation zone and turbulent wake depend on the presence and properties of the slip face (defined here as the portion of the lee side with angles >15°) and not on those of the crest. When present, the flow separation and wake lengths are, for the tested settings, respectively, around 5 and 13 times the slip face height. A slip face orientation of 25° or more compared to the flow increases cross‐stream flow and suppresses flow reversal over the slip face. To understand and predict flow and bedform properties, the slip face rather than the crest position should be identified and analyzed.
A Big Data‐Driven Nonlinear Least Squares Four‐Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Method: Theoretical Formulation and Conceptual Evaluation
Authors: Tian Xiangjun , Zhang Hongqin
Published: August 2019

A new nonlinear least squares four‐dimensional variational data assimilation method (NLS‐4DVar) is proposed incorporating the use of “big data.” This distinctive four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational data assimilation method (4DEnVar) is made up of two ensembles, a preprepared historical big data ensemble and a small “online” ensemble. The historical ensemble portrays both the ensemble‐constructed background error covariance and tangent models more accurately, as compared with the standard NLS‐4DVar method, with no heavy increase in computational cost in terms of real‐time operations. The online ensemble maintains the flow dependence of the ensemble‐estimated background error covariance. The ensemble analysis scheme proposed by merging the local ensemble transform Kalman filter scheme with a sophisticated sampling approach is able to adjust the ensemble spreads suitably and maintain them steadily. The updating scheme also largely guarantees the partial flow dependence of the historical ensemble. Experimental results using the shallow‐water equations demonstrate that the new big data method provides substantial performance improvement over the standard NLS‐4DVar method.
Ultrahot Exoplanet Bleeds Heavy Metals into Space
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: August 2019

The planet is also shaped like a football (the American kind).