bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISA MENINGKATNYA PEMAKAIAN OLI PADA ENGINE C7 EXCAVATOR 320D CATERPILLAR MENGGUNAKAN 8 STEP TROUBLESHOOTING (STUDI KASUS PT. KASONGAN BUMI KENCANA)
Authors: Hariyandi Lintar , Sholehah Qomariyatus , Samlawi Achmad Kusairi
Published: March 2020

Excavator 320D using C7 engine. Based on the problems that have occurred in the engine C7 in one company that is engaged in coal mining in which the number of engine problems that occur due to frequent loss of oil or increased oil consumption in the engine (High Oil Consumption), Using 8 Step troubleshooting with the goal knowing the cause of increased use of oil in the Engine C7 Caterpillar 320D Excavator and, Knowing the impact of rising oil consumption of the engine components Caterpillar 320D Excavator C7, and Knowing the cost of losses due to increased oil consumption in the Engine C7 Caterpillar 320D Excavator. After analysis 8 step troubleshooting is known to cause increased oil consumption is excessive because of the use of air cleaner is not in accordance with the OMM (Operational Manual Maintenance applicable, the impact of increased oil consumption which These conditions lead to premature wear on the components and the cost of repair to the engine that experienced high oil consumption amounted Rp.309.056.768
SIFAT MATERIAL POLYESTER HYBRID COMPOSITE - BATANG BEMBAN (Donax Canniformis)
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Yafie Akhmad
Published: March 2020

Bemban (Donax Canniformis) is a plant similar to rattan, the stem produces fiber woven material. This plant has other names bamban, bumban, bomban, and so forth. Composites are a new type of material combined with two or more ingredients and have different properties with each other both physical properties and chemical properties. From the research of this hybrid composite stem rod, it is known in the specimens of impact test of volume fraction 60% bemban (Energy Absorption 21,11 J and Impact Price 0,0332 J / mm²) has the most optimum ductility than volume fraction 40% Energy Absorption 20.62 J and Impact Price 0.0324 J / mm²) and 50% bemban bemban (Energy Absorption 20,96 J and Impact Price 0.0330 J / mm²). In bending test specimens, the volume fraction of 60% bemban stem (Bending Strength 0.45 MPa) has the most optimum ductility properties compared to the volume fraction of 40% bemban rod (Bending Strength 0.63 MPa) and 50% bemban (Bending Strength 0.72 MPa). In tensile specimens fraction volume of 60% bemban rod (Tensile Strength 0.00449 MPa) has the most optimum ductility properties compared to volume fraction of 40% bemban rod (Tensile Strength 0.00224 MPa) and 50% bemban rod (Pull Strength 0.00284 MPa).
KAJI EKSPERIMENTAL HIDROFOBISITAS DAUN DENGAN VARIASI VOLUME DAN BAHAN DROPLET
Authors: Subagyo Rachmat , Muliadi Dedi
Published: March 2020

Based on the measurement of droplet contact angle on the surface of taro leaf, droplet measurement using mineral water volume 1-5 ml respectively that is 159,325°, 154,628°, 152,430°, 151,833°, 150,199°, while in sea water that is 154,011°, 152,266°, 149,265°, 149,290°, 144,345°, and on cooking oil that is 35,407°, 40,206°, 42,825°, 46,997°, 49,807°. Based on the measurement of droplet contact angle on the surface of serai leaf, droplet measurement using mineral water volume 1-5 ml respectively that is 132,791°, 130,539°, 126,367°, 124,409°, 122,005°, while at sea water that is 126,319°, 121,409° , 118,856°, 109,273°, 106,950° and on cooking oil that is 34,683°, 36,760°, 39,739°, 43,603°, 52,837°. Based on the measurement of droplet contact angle on papaya leaf surface, droplet measurements using mineral water are 87,766°, 83,538°, 82,248°, 74,157°, 71,079°, while in sea water 84,523°, 83,059°, 80,017° , 71,346°, 70,167°, and on cooking oil are 34,367°, 38,086°, 40,597°, 43,933°, 47,339°. With the difference in fluid in each leaf, it can be seen the nature of the leaf, different leaves and different fluids in droplet droplets become related to the surface causing a decrease in contact angle.
ANALISIS PERHITUNGAN DAN SIMULASI TEGANGAN TWIST LOCK RUBBER TIRED GANTRY CRANE (RTGC) KAPASITAS ANGKAT 35 TON DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE AUTODESK INVENTOR 2014
Authors: Suryadi Suryadi , Ma'ruf Ma'ruf , Siswanto Rudi
Published: March 2020

Rubber Tyred Gantry Crane (RTGC) is a transport lifting equipment which serves to move the containers from head truck to the container terminal or vice versa and as a regulator of the composition of the container stacks. Twist lock is the most important components that are on Rubber Tired Gantry Crane (RTGC). This component is located on the four corners of the spreader. Twist lock function to lock the container at the time of appointment. And load the container will be distributed evenly. This study and simulation to calculate the voltage that occurs at the twist lock with variations in loading and adjusts the nature of the material used. The magnitude of the voltage is done with theoretical calculations and simulated using Autodesk Inventor 2014 software. Based on the research results, the loading of 20 tons, 30 tons and 40 tons with theoretical calculations obtained voltage value is 94705,33 kPa, 142057,98 kPa dan 189410,66 kPa. The simulation results obtained von mises stress value 91900 kPa, 137800 kPa dan 183800 kPa.
ANALISIS EFISIENSI BOILER DENGAN METODE INPUT– OUTPUT DI PT. JAPFA COMFEED INDONESIA Tbk. UNIT BANJARMASIN
Authors: Muzaki Imam , Mursadin Aqli
Published: March 2020

This paper shows some of the research results. The result of this research shows that the boiler efficiency at operational condition (present) is 79,32% decreased efficiency equal to 9,19% compared with operational condition with efficiency as big as 88,51%. One of the factors analyzing the declining efficiency of the boiler is greatly influencing the heat transfer process, because if there is dirt or crust on the boiler pipe and the fouling, it will result in the process of heat transfer will decrease so that the heat transfer rate will decrease, and will also affect the amount of heat losses in the boiler.
PENGARUH TEMPERATUR TUANG DENGAN JENIS MATERIAL PADUAN Al RONGSOK (KAMPAS REM PANCI) TERHADAP POROSITAS, KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO HASIL PENGECORAN EVAPORATIVE
Authors: Rahman Syaiful , Siswanto Rudi
Published: March 2020

Recycling is a way of processing used materials that is started with selection, collection, then the process of foundry to create a new product that is more valuable economical. The objective of this research is to know the effect of casting temperature with the kind of guide material AI alloy junk from brake shoe and pan on porosity, hardness, microstructure (the evaporative foundry result). The recycling of used aluminum is an alternative to reduce the waste material from aluminum. Casting temperature is an variable that can effect the result of foundry where if the casting temperature is low, then there will be a quick freeze before the mold is completely filled. And if the casting temperature is too high, then shrinkage can occur and the porosity value may increase. This research used four casting temperature variations, namely: 650°C, 700°C, 750°C, and 800°C. The evaporative foundry method uses styrofoam pattern that is piled up into sand mold. The metal that is casted will form like styrofoam pattern. The result of casting temperature testing can effect on porosity, hardness, and microstructure.
ANALISA PENGOPERASIAN 1 CWP DAN 2 CWP PADA COOLING WATER SYSTEM PLTU ASAM ASAM UNIT 4
Authors: Hartanto Juni Eko , Tamjidillah Mastiadi
Published: March 2020

Electric power is used to support daily life, therefore electrical energy must be continually developed considering the increasing need for this energy. Therefore it is necessary to do preventive, corrective maintenance and efforts to optimize the generating unit such as savings in the production process, one of which is by analyzing the operation of a Circulating Water Pump CWP at the Unit 4 Acid-Acid Power Plant. The formulation of the problem in this study is that in the manufacturer's design for 65 MW full load 2 CWP pumps are needed, this can be seen from the pump specification data, but in fact with only a Circulating Water Pump CWP can produce a full load of 65 MW.
PENGARUH UKURAN PASIR TERHADAP KINERJA BOILER UNIT 1 PLTU PULANG PISAU
Authors: Karno Karno , Samlawi Achmad Kusairi
Published: March 2020

The use of sand in the cfb boiler function as a coal burner which enters the combustion chamber. Sand in the combustion chamber is lined up and coal enters the combustion chamber. With the entry of coal into the furnace fluidization occurs, where the heat in the sand burns coal that hovers, so that the heat that arises is used to heat the water in the boiler tubes. The remaining coal combustion (ash) wil float/fly inhaled by IDF air. Sand movement is expeted to only always bubbling up ang down in the furnace area only so that complete combustion occurs and the boiler is reliable. Because the bubbling is influenced by air pressure, coal quality, which can cause friction between material (sand and coal) and refractory giving rise to abrasives on refractory. If refractory is abrasive it can cause abrasive on the tube water wall boilers, tube cyclones so that boiler performance will decrease.The use of sand that is not clear is one of the causes of refractory damage in cfb type  boilers. So that the cfb boiler remains reliable, the use of sand must be in accordance with the type and size according to the particular boiler.
PERANCANGAN MESIN GERGAJI KAYU UNTUK PERAJIN PALLET KAYU
Authors: Syarief Akhmad , Kristanto Aditya Eko
Published: March 2020

Technology at all times continues to grow along with the progress of the times, not least in the furniture industry. In the development of timber techniques demands a quality product, it needs an effective and efficient process. This is also the underlying work of cutting timber. Initially the cutting of the wood was done manually by utilizing manpower and then changed using a whipsaw. The rapid development of technology makes hand saws rarely used and switches using sawing machines and saw tables. From the results of the design process of wood sawing machine summed up some things as follows: Dimensions of wood cutting machine 1500 × 1000 × 800 mm, saws used in circular or cyrcle wood cutting machine with a circular motion saw blade, The rotation is passed from the motor to the saw blade is not in the fox and using the same pulleys of 74 mm diameter, wood cutting machine using 2Hp power, the level of safety on the wood cutting machine after theoretical calculations ranging from the transmission system, axis, and frame that is 9.524 m / sec belt speed is said to be good because ≤ 30 m / sec. The axle is said to be safe because the shear stresses that occur in the shaft are smaller than the allowable shear stress of , and on the framework of the wood cutting machine the yield of the voltage is less than the yield strength material of 7,888 Mpa ≤ 207 MPa with deflection 0,096 mm, In transmission belt V used is V type A42 belt, Image modification work of wood cutting machine used for machine making process contained in attachment.
LIBRARY AS AN OPTIMAL MODEL OF INTERACTION WITH USERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
Authors: Koroleva I. S.
Published: March 2020

The experience of the Regional Universal Scientific Library of Pskov as part of the ecosystem of the regional digital economy is presented. The essence of the problem is to create a new library digital model for to implement the national project «Culture».

For Pskov specialists, digitalization is a catalyst for the development of library innovations.

It brings about many opportunities. In particular, understanding how to use digitalization tools to increase readers’ activities and involvement, how to develop library specialists in the digital environment and how to attract investments for SMART projects implementation.

The author dwells on such problems as an optimal portfolio of digital library projects’ development and implementation, which consists of digitizing book rarities, including them in the electronic full-text library «Pskoviana» and the National Electronic Library; organization of a free accessible online service for continuous informing and consulting both specialists and the people at large using the official library website and information resources; motivation and facilitation of assistance to Pskovians in mastering key competencies of the digital economy; formation and promotion of the library website as a digital third place digital.

The author describes in detail the scenario for moving to the digital economy, developed in 2018 and including five directions: information and telecommunication infrastructure; information security; digital supervision and elimination of information and digital illiteracy of users; monitoring the operational readiness of various groups and categories of the Pskov region population for life and work in the digital economy environment; library staff for the digital economy.

Specialists have formed a portfolio of digital projects for the near future and built a system for monitoring the economic and social effectiveness of projects, which has showed that among the library users the level of involvement in the consumption of digital information and online communications has grown; a digital information-enlightenment and intellectualleisure ecosystem has been created. A new social reality has developed, based on wide access to former exclusive goods and values.
An Analysis of Time-Varying Crowding on Subway Platforms using AFC Data in Seoul Metropolitan Subway Network
Authors: Shin Seongil Shin , Lee Sangjun
Published: March 2020

Management of crowding at subway platform is essential to improving services, preventing train delays and ensuring passenger safety. Establishing effective measures to mitigate crowding at platform requires accurate estimation of actual crowding levels. At present, there are temporal and spatial constraints since subway platform crowding is assessed only at certain locations, done every 1~2 years, and counting is performed manually Notwithstanding, data from smart cards is considered real-time big data that is generated 24 hours a day and thus, deemed appropriate basic data for estimating crowding. This study proposes the use of smart card data in creating a model that dynamically estimates crowding. It first defines crowding as demand, which can be translated into passengers dynamically moving along a subway network. In line with this, our model also identifies the travel trajectory of individual passengers, and is able to calculate passenger flow, which concentrates and disperses at the platform, every minute. Lastly, the level of platform crowding is estimated in a way that considers the effective waiting area of each platform structure.
An Overview of the Oncogenic Signaling Pathways in Different Types of Cancers
Authors: Derakhshani Afshin , Rostami Zeinab , Taefehshokr Sina , Safarpour Hossein , Astamal Reza Vaezi , Taefehshokr Nima , Alizadeh Nazila , Argentiero Antonella , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad
Published: March 2020

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. It is theorized that underlying genetic and epigenetic changes enable cells to proliferate out of control by escaping regulatory mechanisms. The progression of cancer is associated with increased cell proliferation, metabolic modifications, resistance to apoptosis, genetic instability, induction of angiogenesis and augmented migratory capability. Recent developments in DNA and RNA analysis have made it possible to study these genetic changes systematically. These advances have enabled us to possess a deeper knowledge of the signaling pathways and involved processes. In-depth studies of the pathways involved in carcinogenesis have led to the identification of pathways that may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. In this review, we provide an overview of the relevant mechanisms and pathways involved in the development and progression of cancer.
Effect of Media Properties on Performance of Sand Filtration for Drain Water Treatment
Authors: Ismail Khaled A. I. , Ismail Sayed I. A. , El-Gendy Ahmed S. , Sabry Tarek I. M.
Published: March 2020

In an attempt to improve the quality of the agricultural drain in Egypt for its reuse again in the irrigation, low cost solution such as sand filter along with/ without other filtration media have been used in this research, As a result of that, pilot plant of sand filter mixed with other filtration media was tested for its ability to improve the sand performance in removing the suspended solids and organic matters from agricultural drain water of the Belbeis drain (in Sharkia governorate in Egypt). Only sand compared with sand with sponge and sand with Liyan Nanfang activated carbon (L.N.A.C) have been tested to find the optimum mixing sand/ medium ratio &optimum infiltration rate. The work has been done on four runs. It was found that sand mixed with sponge gave the best removal efficiency compared to that of the sand only and the sand mixed with L.N.A.C. The results presented that the concentration of CODt, CODsol and TSS was reduced from 125, 47 and 162 mg/l to 44, 34 and 28 mg/l respectively at optimum infiltration rate of 2 m3/m2/d for sand mixed with sponge.
Evaluating the Pricing Strategy for Change Orders between General Contractors and Subcontractors Using ET-SD Model
Authors: Lin Chien-Liang , Lai Yu Che
Published: March 2020

Change orders have received considerable attention from researchers thus far, but none have considered pricing strategies of change orders through the interaction between general contractors and subcontractors. Previous studies found that contractors’ opportunistic bidding considering beyond-contractual reward (BCR) in the execution stage can be reduced by improving the construction management system and strengthening the supervision of contractors’ performance. However, the BCR remains in ecology of construction engineering. This study proposes an integrated evolutionary game theory-system dynamics model (ET-SD model) and simulates the pricing strategy of change orders between general contractors and subcontractors to explore the root cause of BCR phenomenon. Sensitivity analysis on the evolutionary dynamics of payoff is explored. Results reveal that change orders with BCR maintain Nash equilibrium and evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) unless changing the payoff structure between general and subcontractors’ pricing strategies. This study presents important managerial insights from the evolutionary game perspectives, nature of change orders, and payoff of the alternative.
Combining Experimental Evolution and Genomics to Understand How Seed Beetles Adapt to a Marginal Host Plant
Authors: Rêgo Alex , Chaturvedi Samridhi , Springer Amy , Lish Alexandra M. , Barton Caroline L. , Kapheim Karen M. , Messina Frank J. , Gompert Zachariah
Published: March 2020

Genes that affect adaptive traits have been identified, but our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation in a more general sense (across multiple traits) remains limited. We combined population-genomic analyses of evolve and resequence experiments, genome-wide association mapping of performance traits, and analyses of gene expression to fill this knowledge gap, and shed light on the genomics of adaptation to a marginal host (lentil) by the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. Using population-genomic approaches, we detected modest parallelism in allele frequency change across replicate lines during adaptation to lentil. Mapping populations derived from each lentil-adapted line revealed a polygenic basis for two host-specific performance traits (weight and development time), which had low to modest heritabilities. We found less evidence of parallelism in genotype-phenotype associations across these lines than in allele frequency changes during the experiments. Differential gene expression caused by differences in recent evolutionary history exceeded that caused by immediate rearing host. Together, the three genomic data sets suggest that genes affecting traits other than weight and development time are likely to be the main causes of parallel evolution, and that detoxification genes (especially cytochrome P450s and beta-glucosidase) could be especially important for colonization of lentil by C. maculatus.
Body Temperature Responses during Phases of Work in Human Remains Detection Dogs Undergoing a Simulated Deployment
Authors: Baker Janice , DeChant Mallory , Jenkins Eileen , Moore George , Kelsey Kathleen , Perry Erin
Published: March 2020

Body temperature responses were recorded during phases of work (waiting to work in close proximity to search site, active work in a search site, and post-work recovery crated in vehicle) in human remains detection dogs during search training. State or federally certified human remains detection dogs (n = 8) completed eight iterations of searching, rotating through six different types of search environments to detect numerous scent sources including partial and complete, buried, hidden, or fully visible human remains. Internal temperature (Tgi) of the body was measured continuously using an ingestible thermistor in the gastrointestinal tract. Mean total phase times were: waiting to work: 9.17 minutes (± 2.27); active work: 8:58 minutes (± 2:49); and post work recovery: 24:04 minutes (± 10.59). Tgi was impacted by phase of work (P < 0.001) with a small increase during active work, with mean peak temperature 39.4 °C (± 0.34 ºC) during that period. Tgi continued to increase for a mean of 7:37 (± 6:04) minutes into the post-work recovery phase in the handler’s vehicle with a mean peak Tgi of 39.66 °C (± 0.41 ºC). No significant increase in temperature was measured during the waiting to work phase, suggesting anticipation of work did not appear to contribute to overall body temperature increase during the waiting to work recovery cycle. Continued increase of gastrointestinal body temperature several minutes after cessation of exercise indicates that risk of heat injury does not immediately stop when the dog stops exercising, although none of the dogs in this study reached clinically concerning body temperatures or displayed any behavioral signs suggestive of pending heat injury. More work is needed to better understand the impact of vehicle crating on post-work recovery temperatures in dogs.
Cloud-Based CAD Parametrization for Design Space Exploration and Design Optimization in Numerical Simulations
Authors: Guerrero Joel , Mantelli Luca , Naqvi Sahrish B.
Published: March 2020

In this manuscript, an automated framework dedicated to design space exploration and design optimization studies is presented. The framework integrates a set of numerical simulation, computer-aided design, numerical optimization, and data analytics tools using scripting capabilities. The tools used are open-source and freeware, and can be deployed on any platform. The main feature of the proposed methodology is the use of a cloud-based parametrical computer-aided design application, which allows the user to change any parametric variable defined in the solid model. We demonstrate the capabilities and flexibility of the framework using computational fluid dynamics applications; however, the same workflow can be used with any numerical simulation tool (e.g., a structural solver or a spread-sheet) that is able to interact via a command line interface or using scripting languages. We conduct design space exploration and design optimization studies using quantitative and qualitative metrics, and to reduce the high computing times and computational resources intrinsic to these kinds of studies, concurrent simulations and surrogate-based optimization are used.
Factors That Make Elementary Pupils Happy
Authors: Semorlan Ava Ann P. , Atendido Perlita L. , De Vera Elisheba D. , Mambil William Jerick L.
Published: March 2020

The Elementary Christian Living teachers of the School of Saint Anthony conducted a survey among their pupils regarding the factors that make them happy. The purpose of this research is to bring awareness regarding the things that Elementary pupils value in life leading them to happiness. This will also serve as a glimpse of pupils’ values and to determine the factors that will motivate them in their everyday lives. The following results were derived from the study’s findings: Grade one pupils are happy when they are with their families and when they play toys and gadgets. Grade two pupils, on the other hand, are happy with their family, friends, toys, and gadgets. Moreover, Grade three pupils enjoy being with their family and friends, and with new toys and gifts. As for the grade four pupils, they enjoy bonding with their families and friends, when they eat their favorite food and when they see their teachers. Furthermore, Grade five pupils love their families and are happy with new gadgets and toys. They are also happy when they play with their pets and friends. Lastly, the family serves as an important factor that makes the grade 6 pupils happy. Friends, gadgets, high grades and praying to God are the other encouraging factors of the grade 6 pupils’ gladness. Findings reveal family as the top consistent factor that makes the Elementary pupils happy. They enjoyed the different activities and experiences they had with their family members. Toys and new gadgets were also consistent factors that make the lower school pupils happy. Relationships with friends, on the other hand, serves as an important factor that inspires the Middle School pupils to be happy. Among Filipinos, across time, the family remains as the source of happiness among children. This research recommends the parents to be more reflective of the moments they spend with their children and to be more sensitive to their interests and needs. This research implies the impact of families on their children’s emotional development and the deep significant marks they leave in the lives of their children.
Five-Year Follow-up of Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Chevron Osteotomy in Comparison with the Open Technique
Authors: Kaufmann Gerhard , Mörtlbauer Lorenz , Hofer-Picout Philipp , Dammerer Dietmar , Ban Michael , Liebensteiner Michael
Published: March 2020

Background:

The aim of the present prospective randomized study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of minimally invasive chevron osteotomy as compared with open distal chevron osteotomy for the correction of hallux valgus deformity.

Methods:

A randomized controlled design was applied. The following parameters were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks, 9 months, and 5 years postoperatively: the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Forefoot Score, a visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, and a patient-satisfaction score. In addition, several radiographic parameters for hallux valgus correction and joint degeneration were collected. Range of motion was also assessed. Thirty-nine of 47 feet were available for analysis at the time of the latest follow-up.

Results:

During the 5-year study period, the outcomes of the minimally invasive technique were comparable with those of the open technique. No significant differences were seen between the 2 groups within 5 years postoperatively in terms of clinical outcomes (VAS, AOFAS, satisfaction), radiographic outcomes, joint degeneration, or range of motion.

Conclusions:

Five years after treatment, the outcome following minimally invasive distal chevron osteotomy is comparable with that for the open technique for hallux valgus surgery.

Levels of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Teknik Antena Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Terhadap Perfomansi Jaringan 4G LTE Frekuensi 1800 MHz
Authors: Ulfah Maria , Irtawaty Andi Sri
Published: March 2020

Penggunaan antena MIMO 2x2, memiliki jangkuan area 717,258 km2, signal level -69.72 dBm, C/(N+I)  5.08 dB, throughput  11,803.4 kbps, RSRP  sebesar -115.88 dBm dan BLER 0.03. Penggunaan antena MIMO 4x4, memiliki jangkuan area 726,432 km2, signal level -69.5 dBm, C/(N+I)  5.58 dB, throughput  11,803.01 kbps, RSRP  sebesar -115.64 dBm dan BLER 0.02. Penggunaan antena MIMO 8x8, memiliki jangkuan area 726,432 km2, signal level -69.5 dBm, C/(N+I)  6.1 dB, throughput  12,564.1 kbps, RSRP  sebesar -115.64 dBm dan BLER 0.02. Pada penggunaan antena MIMO 2x2 , 4x4 dan 8x8  dari jangkauan area, ketiga jenis nya tersebut dapat menjangkau wilayah Balikpapan.Kata kunci: 4G LTE, , MIMO, signal level, RSRP
Introduction of Steam-Assisted Gravity-Drainage Oil Rate Prediction Using the 5-LINE Model
Authors: Irani Mazda , Ghannadi Sahar
Published: March 2020

Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) is the preferred thermal recovery method used to produce bitumen from Athabasca deposits in Alberta, Canada. SAGD operation is experiencing five stages: ramp-up, initial plateau, full-length plateau, wind-down and coalescence. The physics controlling the production mechanisms in each stage is different. Ramp-up is controlled by sweeping and injection pressure and water mobility are the most important factors. In initial plateau and full-length plateau, the chamber growth and bitumen viscosity-temperature dependency are the main controllers. Wind-down initiates as heat-loss overcomes the input enthalpy, and production controls by reduction of heated front close to steam front. Finally, coalescence is a result of reduction of oil availability at the edge of steam chamber. Such reduction is modeled with linearly reducing oil pathway as chambers are coalescing.

Butler's model commonly used for history matching and prediction of SAGD oil rate is mainly meant to model the full-length plateau stage and that is why it is over-predicting the ramp-up stage and not estimating the oil rate trend in wind-down and coalescence. This work is a continuation of a previous part discussing the predicve model for SAGD process (Irani, 2019). The purpose of this work is to create an end-life stage: winddown and coalescence; and then use the decision tree to optimize the solution. The model that includes ramp-up, early plateau, plateau, wind-down and coalescence is called 5-LINE model is a mechanistic model that controls main physic on each stage. Although the 5-LINE model is mainly derived based on physics controlling each stage, it has enough flexibility to match different geological characteristics. The 5-LINE model is structured in regression tree to minimize the error and then a decision-tree (DT) learning that branches from it to honour dynamics that cannot be honoured by 5-LINE model. This model is tested vs. oil production results of Suncor/MacKay River and Devon/Jackfish, as a result the final predictive model can predict oil rate reasonably good enough that can compete with results of dynamic reservoir numerical simulation.
Assessing medical impoverishment and associated factors in health care in Ethiopia
Authors: Obse Amarech Guda , Ataguba John E.
Published: March 2020

Background: About5% of the global population, predominantly in low- and middle-income countries, is forced into poverty because of out-of-pocket (OOP) health spending. In most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, the share of OOP health spending in current health expenditure exceeds 35%, increasing the likelihood of impoverishment. In Ethiopia, OOP payments remained high at 37% of current health expenditure in 2016. This study aims to assess impoverishment resulting from OOP health spending in Ethiopia and examine the factors associated with this impoverishment. Methods: This paper uses data from the Ethiopian Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2010/11. The HCES covered 10,368 rural and 17,664 urban households. OOP health spending includes spending on various outpatient and inpatient services. Impoverishing impact of OOP health spending was estimated by comparing poverty estimates before and after OOP health spending. A probit model was used to assess factors that are associated with impoverishment. Results: Using the Ethiopian national poverty line of Birr 3,781 per person per year (equivalent to US$2.10 per day), OOP health spending pushed about 1.19% of the population (i.e. over 957,169 individuals) into poverty. At regional level, impoverishment ranged between 2.35% in Harari and 0.35% in Addis Ababa. Living in rural areas (highland, moderate, or lowland) increased the likelihood of impoverishment compared to residing in an urban area. Households headed by males and adults with formal education are less likely to be impoverished by OOP health spending, compared to their counterparts. Conclusion:In Ethiopia, OOP health spending impoverishes a significant number of the population. Although the country had piloted and initiated many reforms, e.g. the fee waiver system and community-based health insurance, a significant proportion of the population still lacks financial protection. The estimates of impoverishment from out-of-pocket payments reported in this paper do not consider individuals that are already poor before paying out-of-pocket for health services. It is important to note that this population may either face deepening poverty or forgo healthcare services if a need arises. More is therefore required to provide financial protection to achieve universal health coverage in Ethiopia, where the informal sector is relatively large.
The effect of prenatal counseling on breastfeeding self-efficacy and frequency of breastfeeding problems in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: shafaei fahimeh sehhatie , mirghafourvand mojgan , havizari shiva
Published: March 2020

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most important interfering factors in infants’ health. Monitoring mothers’ performance and providing them with the feedback helps to increase their self-efficacy, interest in learning, and level of performance. The present research evaluates the effect of prenatal counseling on the breastfeeding self-efficacy and frequency of breastfeeding problems in mothers with previous unsuccessful breastfeeding.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 108 pregnant women with unsuccessful breastfeeding in Tabriz health centers during 2017-2018. The participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group had four prenatal counseling sessions and the controls only received routine care. Then, the mothers who gave birth to their children received a counseling session up to 4 months after the delivery. The Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy (BSES) questionnaire and the frequency of breast feeding problems checklist on the 15th day, and 2nd and 4th month were completed both by the intervention and control groups.Results: The mean (SD) of breastfeeding self-efficacy was 119.3 (10.5), 128.3 (8.3) and 133.8 (10.3) in the intervention group and 105.3 (16.1), 105.7 (19.7) and 109.4 (24.7) in the control group on the 15th day, 2nd and 4th month after the delivery, respectively. There was a significant difference in terms of breastfeeding self-efficacy between intervention and control group on the 15th day (p<0.001), and 2nd (p<0.001) and 4th (p<0.001) month after the delivery. The frequency of breastfeeding problems on the 15th (p=0.008), 2nd (p<0.001) and 4th (p<0.001) after the delivery was significantly different in most cases of the intervention group when compared to the controls.Conclusion: The results indicated that prenatal counseling can increase mothers’ breastfeeding self-efficacy and solves most breastfeeding problems during postpartum period.Trial registration: IRCT20100109003027N19
A feasibility study of a WhatsApp-delivered transtheoretical model-based intervention to promote healthy eating knowledge and habits for firefighters in Hong Kong: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: NG Winnie WM , Cheung Kin
Published: March 2020

Background: Firefighters’ health is often affected by a high prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases, which are common risk factors for sudden cardiac death. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of enhancing healthy eating habits and knowledge in firefighters through an education programme.
Method: This will be a cluster randomized control trial study. The participants will be assigned randomly into either control (health promotion pamphlet) or intervention (health promotion pamphlet and education materials through WhatsApp) groups. Changes in healthy eating habits and knowledge will be assessed by a self-administrative questionnaire (Appendix III) and anthropometric measurements at three different time points.
Discussion: More education is required in order to improve firefighters’ eating habits and knowledge
Evaluation of dialysis centres: Values and criteria of the stakeholders
Authors: Parra Eduardo , Arenas María Dolores , Luis María José Fernandez-Reyes , Forcén Angel Blasco , Alvarez-Ude Fernando , Joven Juan Aguarón , Casas Alfredo Altuzarra , Moreno-Jiménez José María
Published: March 2020

Bacground Evaluation of renal replacement therapy with haemodialysis is essential for its improvement. However, the methods used have important epistemological limitations. The present study aimed to determine the opinions and preferences of stakeholders (patients, clinicians, and managers) and establish their relative importance to facilitating an adequate evaluation. Methods Successive working groups (WGs) were established using a multicriteria methodology. WG1 created a draft of criteria and sub-criteria, WG2 agreed, and WG3 was composed of three face-to-face subgroups (WG3-A, WG3-B, and WG3-C) that weighted them using two methodologies: weighting sum (WS) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Subsequently, they determined a preference for the WS or AHP results. Finally, via the Internet, WG4 weighted the criteria and sub-criteria by the method preferred by WG3, and WG5 analysed the results. Results WG1 and WG2 identified and agreed on the following evaluation criteria: evidence-based variables (EBVs), annual morbidity, annual mortality, PROMs, and PREMs. The EBVs consisted of five sub-criteria: type of vascular access, dialysis dose, haemoglobin concentration, ratio of catheter bacteraemia, and bone mineral disease. The patients rated the PROMs with greater weight than the other stakeholders in both face-to-face WG3 (WS and AHP) and WG4 via the Internet. The type of vascular access was the most valued sub-criterion. A performance matrix of each criterion and sub-criterion is presented as a reference for assessing the results based on the preferences of the stakeholders. Conclusions The use of a multicriteria methodology allows the relative importance of the indicators to be determined, reflecting the values of the different stakeholders. In a performance matrix, the inclusion of values and intangible aspects in the evaluation could help in making clinical and organizational decisions.
Subconjunctival injections of triamcinolone acetonide to treat uveitic macular edema
Authors: Qu Yi , Liu Xinshu , Liang Anyi , Zhao Chan , Gao Fei , Meifen Zhang
Published: March 2020

Background: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections for treating uveitic macular edema (UME). Methods: This retrospective case series study included patients with UME who received subconjunctival TA injections with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. The main outcome measure was central macular thickness. The secondary outcome measures included best corrected visual acuity, recurrence rate and intraocular pressure. Results: In total, 68 patients (83 eyes) were enrolled in this study. The mean CMT decreased from 456.9 ± 171.1 μm at baseline to 324 ± 175.9 μm, 305.6 μm ± 147.7 μm, 331.8 ± 154.3 μm and 281.1 ± 147.6 μm at 1-, 2-, 3- and 6-months post injection, respectively (all P < 0.01). A total of 21/83 eyes exhibited elevated IOPs, of which 14 were controlled with topical IOP-lowering agents and 7 eyes underwent surgical removal of subconjunctival TA deposit. Conclusion: Subconjunctival TA injections appear to be safe and effective for UME.
Differences in gait analysis and clinical outcome after TightRope® or screw fixation in acute syndesmosis rupture: Study protocol for a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Doll Julian , Waizenegger Stefan , Bruckner Thomas , Schmidmaier Gerhard , Wolf Sebastian I. , Fischer Christian
Published: March 2020

Background:
Ankle sprains and fractures are most common injuries in orthopedic and trauma surgery. The concurrent occurrence of syndesmosis ruptures in these injuries represents a more complex problem, as they often remain undetected.
A proper and accurate treatment of injuries of the syndesmosis, both isolated and combined with fractures, is necessary to avoid long-term consequences (chronic instability, cartilage damage and post-traumatic osteoarthritis). The most popular treatment option is a static screw fixation and the newly developed dynamic TightRope® (Arthrex, Naples, FL, USA).
The aim of this study is to compare monitor ankle range of motion and maximum ankle power in gait as functional outcome parameters of instrumented gait analysis, as well as clinical and radiographic outcome for assessing the stabilization of acute syndesmosis rupture with either a static implant (a 3.5mm metallic screw) or a dynamic device (TightRope®).
Methods:
This prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical trial will be carried out at the Center for Orthopedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury of the University Hospital Heidelberg. Adult patients, who suffer from an acute syndesmosis rupture, both isolated and in combination with fractures of the lateral malleolus (Weber C and Maisonneuve fractures) and who are undergoing surgery at our trauma center will be included in our study. The patients will be randomized to the different treatment options (screw fixation or “TightRope®”). Subsequent to the surgical treatment, all patients will receive the same standardized follow-up procedures including a gait analysis and MRI of the ankle at 6 months follow-up.
The primary endpoint of the study is the successful healing of the syndesmosis and biomechanical investigation with gait analysis.
Discussion:
The results of the gait analysis from the current study will help to impartially and reliably evaluate the clinical and biomechanical outcome of both treatment options of acute syndesmosis ruptures. We hypothesize that the dynamic fixation provides an equivalent or better biomechanical, clinical and radiographic outcome in comparison to the screw fixation.
A Comprehensive Environmental Scanning and Strategic Analysis of Iranian Public Hospitals: A Prospective Approach
Authors: pourmohammadi Kimia , Bastani Peivand , Shojaei Payam , hatam nahid , Salehi Asiyeh
Published: March 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to provide a strategic direction to public hospitals in Iran via environmental scanning in order to equip hospitals to plan and perform proactively and adapt with the ever-changing environment. Results: A mixed method study including in-depth interview and survey were used to determine influential environmental factors based on PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental) and Douglas West framework (to determine the effectiveness and feasibility of factors). Issues identified at micro environmental level were over prescription, inequality in distribution of healthcare services and high demands for luxurious health services. Issues identified at the macro environmental level were related to changes in disease patterns, inappropriate hospital budgeting, economic sanctions, government corruption and healthcare centralization. In order to tackle the issues identified, it is paramount to enhance bed distribution management, improve strategic policies for a more equitable payment system, and enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of services by implementing a strategic inventory control. Furthermore, the considerable impact of economic sanctions on financial resources of Iranian hospitals should not be ignored.
Understanding implementation barriers in the national scale-up of Differentiated ART delivery in Uganda
Authors: ZAKUMUMPA HENRY , Rujumba Joseph , Kwiringira Japheth , Katureebe Cordelia , Spicer Neil
Published: March 2020

Background Although Differentiated Service Delivery (DSD) for anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has been rolled-out nationally in several countries since World Health Organization (WHO)’s landmark 2016 guidelines, there is little research evaluating post-implementation outcomes. The objective of this study was to explore patients’ and HIV service managers’ perspectives on barriers to implementation of Differentiated ART delivery in Uganda. Methods We employed a qualitative descriptive design involving 124 participants. Between April and June 2019 we conducted 76 qualitative interviews with national-level HIV program managers (n=18), District Health Team leaders (n=24), representatives of PEPFAR implementing organizations (11), ART clinic in-charges (23) in six purposively selected Uganda districts with a high HIV burden (Kampala, Luwero, Wakiso, Mbale, Budadiri, Bulambuli). Six focus group discussions (48 participants) were held with patients enrolled in DSD models in case-study districts. Data were analyzed by thematic approach as guided by a multi-level analytical framework: Individual-level factors; Health-system factors; Community factors; and Context. Results Our data shows that multiple barriers have been encountered in DSD implementation. Individual-level: Individualized stigma and a fear of detachment from health facilities by stable patients enrolled in community-based models were reported as bottlenecks. Socio-economic status was reported to have an influence on patient selection of DSD models. Health-system: Insufficient training of health workers in DSD delivery and supply chain barriers to multi-month ART dispensing were identified as constraints. Patients perceived current selection of DSD models to be provider-intensive and not sufficiently patient-centred. Community: Community-level stigma and insufficient funding to providers to fully operationalize community drug pick-up points were identified as limitations. Context: Frequent changes in physical addresses among urban clients were reported as an impediment to the running of patient groups of rotating ART refill pick-ups. Conclusion This is one of the first multi-stakeholder evaluations of national DSD implementation in Uganda since initial roll-out in 2017. Multi-level interventions are needed to accelerate further DSD implementation in Uganda from demand-side (addressing HIV-related stigma, community engagement) and supply-side dimensions (strengthening ART supply chain capacities, increasing funding for community models and further DSD program design to improve patient-centeredness).