bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Past, Present, and Future of Neurorehabilitation: From NUSTEP Through IV STEP and Beyond
Authors: Harris Susan R. , Winstein Carolee J.
Published: June 2017

Purposes:

To present the history and aims of the STEP conferences; describe the interdependence of prevention, prediction, plasticity, and participation; reflect on where we stand today regarding those 4 Ps; and discuss how future neurorehabilitation should look for individuals with movement disorders.

Key Points:

Physical therapists have focused primarily on tertiary prevention, emphasizing primary/secondary prevention far less. Predicting optimal response to intervention is essential for primary prevention. Research examining neurorehabilitation effects mediated by brain plasticity is evolving from an emphasis on impairment outcomes toward examination of participation outcomes.

Clinical Practice Recommendations:

(1) Capitalize on primary and secondary prevention. (2) Administer simple, environmentally relevant predictive measures. (3) Partner with researchers to examine exercise-induced brain plasticity effects via neuroimaging. (4) Encourage physical activity to promote secondary prevention of lifestyle-related diseases and enhance participation. (5) Integrate psychological/social sciences with physiological sciences to move forward with advances in mindful health and patient-centered practices.
Research Design Options for Intervention Studies
Authors: Lobo Michele A. , Kagan Sarah H. , Corrigan John D.
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To review research designs for rehabilitation.

Summary of Key Points:

Single-case, observational, and qualitative designs are highlighted in terms of recent advances and ability to answer important scientific questions about rehabilitation.

Statement of Conclusions:

Single-case, observational, and qualitative designs can be conducted in a systematic and rigorous manner that provides important information that cannot be acquired using more common designs, such as randomized controlled trials. These less commonly used designs may be more feasible and effective in answering many research questions in the field of rehabilitation.

Recommendations for Clinical Practice:

Researchers should consider these designs when selecting the optimal design to answer their research questions. We should improve education about the advantages and disadvantages of existing research designs to enable more critical analysis of the scientific literature we read and review to avoid undervaluing studies not within more commonly used categories.
Excellence in Promoting Participation: Striving for the 10 Cs—Client-Centered Care, Consideration of Complexity, Collaboration, Coaching, Capacity Building, Contextualization, Creativity, Community, Curricular Changes, and Curiosity
Authors: Chiarello Lisa A.
Published: June 2017

Participation of children with physical disabilities is critical to optimizing their life roles and lived experiences. This perspective explores the complex and multidimensional construct of participation and presents recommendations for practice, education, and research to transform pediatric physical therapy service delivery. Two models are reviewed of participation-based service delivery grounded in client-centered care and the principles of coaching to engage clients in their rehabilitation. The roles and responsibilities of the physical therapist and the importance of team collaboration are emphasized. Considerations are presented for ecological measurements and interventions to support client participation goals for children of all ages in home and community settings. Practitioners, educators, and researchers are encouraged to be advocates and change agents to ensure that services support meaningful participation for children in real-life contexts.
Reliability and Validity of the 50-ft Walk Test for Idiopathic Toe Walking
Authors: Christensen Catie , Haddad Amanda , Maus Elizabeth
Published: June 2017

Purpose:

To evaluate interrater reliability and concurrent validity of the 50-ft walk test (FWT) for children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW).

Methods:

Thirty children, 6 to 13 years old, with ITW participated. During the 50-FWT, an accelerometer counted total steps. A physical therapist counted the number of toe-walking steps. The number of toe-walking steps was divided by the total steps to calculate a toe-walking percentage. Interrater reliability was assessed by correlating the toe-walking percentage obtained by 2 raters using an intraclass correlation coefficient. Concurrent validity was evaluated by correlating the toe-walking percentage calculated by the GAITRite and therapist using a Spearman ρ.

Results:

There was excellent interrater reliability and concurrent validity. Experience level did not impact the therapist's ability to identify a toe-walking step.

Conclusions:

The 50-FWT demonstrated excellent interrater reliability and concurrent validity. It can be used to obtain a percentage of toe walking in children 6-13 years of age with ITW.
Extended Versus Narrow-spectrum Antibiotics in the Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis in Children
Authors: Cameron Danielle B. , Melvin Patrice , Graham Dionne A. , Glass Charity C. , Serres Stephanie K. , Kronman Matthew P. , Saito Jacqueline M. , Rangel Shawn J.
Published: June 2017

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of extended versus narrow spectrum antibiotics in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) and hospital revisits in children with uncomplicated appendicitis.

Summary of Background Data:

There is a paucity of high-quality evidence in the pediatric literature comparing the effectiveness of extended versus narrow-spectrum antibiotics in the prevention of SSIs associated with uncomplicated appendicitis.

Methods:

Clinical data from the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric Appendectomy Pilot Project were merged with antibiotic utilization data from the Pediatric Health Information System database for patients undergoing appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis at 17 hospitals from January 1, 2013 to June 30, 2015. Patients who received piperacillin/tazobactam (extended spectrum) were compared with those who received either cefoxitin or ceftriaxone with metronidazole (narrow spectrum) after propensity matching on demographic and severity characteristics. Study outcomes were 30-day SSI and hospital revisit rates.

Results:

Of the 1389 patients included, 39.1% received piperacillin/tazobactam (range by hospital: 0% to 100%), and the remainder received narrow-spectrum agents. No differences in demographics or severity characteristics were found between groups following matching. In the matched analysis, the rates of SSI were similar between groups [extended spectrum: 2.4% vs narrow spectrum 1.8% (odds ratio, OR: 1.05, 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.34–3.26)], as was the rate of revisits [extended spectrum: 7.9% vs narrow spectrum 5.1% (OR: 1.46, 95% CI 0.75–2.87)].

Conclusions:

Use of extended-spectrum antibiotics was not associated with lower rates of SSI or hospital revisits when compared with narrow-spectrum antibiotics in children with uncomplicated appendicitis. Our results challenge the routine use of extended-spectrum antibiotics observed at many hospitals, particularly given the increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant organisms.
Clinical Utility of Epstein-Barr Virus Viral Load Monitoring and Risk Factors for Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders After Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center, 10-Year Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Franceschini Erica , Plessi Jessica , Zona Stefano , Santoro Antonella , Digaetano Margherita , Fontana Francesco , Alfano Gaetano , Guaraldi Giovanni , Comoli Patrizia , Facchini Francesca , Potenza Leonardo , Gennari William , Codeluppi Mauro , Luppi Mario , Cappelli Gianni , Gyssens Inge C. , Mussini Cristina
Published: June 2017

Background

Posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplants. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) plays a major role in PTLD development. Guidelines recommend EBV viral load (VL) monitoring in high-risk populations in the first year.

Methods

Retrospective observational study in all adult patients who had at least 1 EBV-VL performed in the postkidney transplant (KT) period from January 2005 to December 2014 at the Policlinico Modena Hospital. We compared patients with negative EBV-DNA to patients with positive EBV-DNA and we described PTLD developed in the study period.

Results

One hundred ninety (36.3%) KT patients of 523 were screened for EBV-DNA with 796 samples. One hundred twenty-eight (67.4%) of 190 tested patients presented at least 1 positive sample for EBV. Older age, the use of sirolimus, everolimus, and steroids were associated with EBV-DNA positivity in the univariate analysis. Nine (1.7%) of 523 patients had PTLD. Incidence rate of PTLD in the KT cohort was 0.19/100 person year follow-up (95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.37). One of 9 patients developed early PTLD and was a high-risk patient. Only this PTLD case was positive for EBV. No PTLD case had an EBV-VL superior to 4000 copies/mL.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that the keystone of PTLD diagnosis is the clinical suspicion. Our study suggests that, in line with guidelines, EBV-VL assays may be avoided in low-risk patients in the absence of a strong clinical PTLD suspicion without increasing patients' risk of developing PTLD. This represents a safe and cost-saving clinical strategy for our center.
An introduction to ghost imaging: quantum and classical
Authors: Padgett Miles J. , Boyd Robert W.
Published: June 2017

Ghost imaging has been a subject of interest to the quantum optics community for the past 20 years. Initially seen as manifestation of quantum spookiness, it is now recognized as being implementable in both single- and many-photon number regimes. Beyond its scientific curiosity, it is now feeding novel imaging modalities potentially offering performance attributes that traditional approaches cannot match.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Quantum technology for the 21st century’.
Development of Gene-Specific Real-Time PCR Screening Method for Detection ofcp4-epspsGene in GM Crops
Authors: Khosravi Solmaz , Tohidfar Masoud , Koobaz Parisa
Published: June 2017

Among the genetically modified (GM) crops that are being approved for commercialization, herbicide resistant crops, especially those harboringcp4-epsps,have a considerable contribution. Gene-specific methods can be used to screen the presence of GMOs. To establish an effective qualitative and quantitative screening method, a set of primers were designed considering thecp4-epspssequence. The specificity, the limit of detection, the efficiency, and the ability to quantify the GMO content were tested in GM cotton, soybean, and canola events. The results demonstrated that the primers can specifically detectcp4-epspsGM crops. The limit of detection was found to be 0.4 ng /μl DNA per PCR reaction with the ability to detect 1-16 copies of the haploid genome of each GM event. The efficiency of this screening method (which was 94-110 % with an R2 higher than 0.96) indicated that these new primers can be applied to the screening of GM samples that contain thecp4-epspsgene. Also, the gene-specific real-time PCR screening method could be successfully developed for qualification of different types of GM cotton, soybean and canola events with the construction of a serial dilution ranging from 10 % to 1 %.
Molecular characterization of latent GDF8 reveals mechanisms of activation
Authors: Walker Ryan G. , McCoy Jason C. , Czepnik Magdalena , Mills Melanie J. , Hagg Adam , Walton Kelly L. , Cotton Thomas , Hyvönen Marko , Lee Richard T. , Gregorevic Paul , Harrison Craig A. , Thompson Thomas B.
Published: June 2017

Growth/differentiation factor 8 (GDF8) or myostatin negatively regulates muscle mass. GDF8 is held in a latent state through interactions with its N-terminal prodomain, much like TGF-β. Using a combination of small angle X-ray scattering and mutagenesis, we characterized the interactions of GDF8 with its prodomain. Our results show that the prodomain:GDF8 complex can exist in a fully latent state and an activated or ‘triggered’ state where the prodomain remains in complex with the mature domain. However, these states are not reversible, indicating the latent GDF8 is ‘spring-loaded’. Structural analysis shows that the prodomain:GDF8 complex adopts an ‘open’ configuration, distinct from the latency state of TGF-β and more similar to the ‘open’ state of Activin A and BMP9 (non-latent complexes). We determined that GDF8 maintains similar features for latency, including the alpha-1 helix and fastener elements, and identified a series of mutations in the prodomain of GDF8 that alleviate latency, including I56E, which does not require activation by the protease Tolloid.In vivo,active GDF8 variants were potent negative regulators of muscle mass, compared to wild-type GDF8. Collectively, these results help characterize the latency and activation mechanisms of GDF8.
Imaging seminiferous tubules – a 9.4T MRI mouse model
Authors: Herigstad M. , Granados-Aparici S. , Pacey A. , Paley M. , Reynolds S.
Published: June 2017

Fertility problems affect many couples. Research into male fertility commonly uses mouse models due to their availability and similar spermatogenesis to humans. A common target is the seminiferous tubules, the site of spermatozoa production, typically studied using biopsies and histological analysis. High-field Magnetic Resonance (MR) may offer a non-invasive alternative to investigate testicular function in infertility models. Here, we assess seminiferous tubules structure in sacrificed mice to determine the usefulness of MR compared to histology. Twelve mice (11 aged 35-57 days, one >9 months) were sacrificed and MR imaged at 9.4T with a Rapid Acquisition with Relaxation Enhancement sequence. Testes were scanned in situ for all mice, and excised in a subset of mice (n=4). A second subset of mice (n=4) had their testes selected for histological analysis. Seminiferous tubule diameter was measured manually from MRI and histology images. Custom image analysis scripts were created for the automated segmentation of seminiferous tubules and calculation of tissue volumes. All ex vivo and in situ images of testes exhibited clear outlines of seminiferous tubules. Ratio of total testis volume to volume of seminiferous tubules did not differ significantly between ex vivo and in situ measurements, and were similar in mature and younger mice. Both total testis volume and seminiferous tubule volume were larger in the mature animal. While histological slices trended towards larger average seminiferous tubules diameter than MRI images, we found no significant differences between MRI and histological measurements. High-field MRI can be used in a mouse model to assess testicular structure in situ. All volumetric measurements compared favourably with histological data. In situ scans also clearly showed identifiable extra-testicular tissues, such as epididymis and prostate tissues. The potential to image tissues associated with sperm maturation as well as spermatogenesis emphasises how MR could be a useful technique in mouse models of fertility, however further work is required to optimize tissue segmentation and validate this method for use in longitudinal studies. This type of measurement could be extended to human fertility studies in the future.
The Drosophila Y chromosome affects heterochromatin integrity genome-wide
Authors: Brown Emily J. , Nguyen Alison H. , Bachtrog Doris
Published: June 2017

The Drosophila Y-chromosome is gene poor and mainly consists of silenced, repetitive DNA. Nonetheless, the Y influences expression of hundreds of genes genome-wide, possibly by sequestering key components of the heterochromatin machinery away from other positions in the genome. To test the influence of the Y chromosome on the genome-wide chromatin landscape, we assayed the genomic distribution of histone modifications associated with gene activation (H3K4me3), or heterochromatin (H3K9me2 and H3K9me3) in fruit flies with varying sex chromosome complements (X0, XY and XYY males; XX and XXY females). Consistent with the general deficiency of active chromatin modifications on the Y, we find that Y gene dose has little influence on the genomic distribution of H3K4me3. In contrast, both the presence and the number of Y-chromosomes strongly influence genome-wide enrichment patterns of repressive chromatin modifications. Highly repetitive regions such as the pericentromeres, the dot, and the Y chromosome (if present) are enriched for heterochromatic modifications in wildtype males and females, and even more strongly in X0 flies. In contrast, the additional Y chromosome in XYY males and XXY females diminishes the heterochromatic signal in these normally silenced, repeat-rich regions, which is accompanied by an increase in expression of Y-linked repeats. We find hundreds of genes that are expressed differentially between individuals with aberrant sex chromosome karyotypes, many of which also show sex-biased expression in wildtype Drosophila. Thus, Y-chromosomes influence heterochromatin integrity genome-wide, and differences in the chromatin landscape of males and females may also contribute to sex-biased gene expression and sexual dimorphisms.
(Z)-2-Benzylidene-3-n-butoxy-2H-1,4-benzothiazine
Authors: Sebbar Nada Kheira , Ellouz Mohamed , Ouzidan Younes , Kaur Manpreet , Essassi El Mokhtar , Jasinski Jerry P.
Published: June 2017

In the title compound, C19H19NOS, the thiazin-3-one ring of the 1,4-thiazin-3-one moiety adopts a screw-boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 31.0 (5)°. An intramolecular C—H...S hydrogen bond forms anS(6) ring motif. In the crystal, C—H...π(ring) contacts form inversion dimers and weak π–π stacking interactions, with a centroid-to-centroid distance of 3.8766 (2) Å, also occur.
Development climate and work engagement: a multilevel study
Authors: Chaudhary Richa , Rangnekar Santosh
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative impact of psychological HRD climate and HRD climate quality on work engagement. In addition, the paper attempts to examine the boundary conditions of the proposed relationship by proposing and testing HRD climate strength as the moderator of the relationship between psychological HRD climate, HRD climate quality and work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from a total of 375 business executives from select business organizations in India using standardized measurement instruments. As the present study involved variables at different levels of analysis, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) approach was utilized for the purpose of data analyses.

Findings

The results of HLM revealed that the shared employee perception of development climate accounted for significant percentage of between person variance in work engagement above and beyond individual climate perceptions. HRD climate strength was found to moderate the psychological HRD climate and work engagement relationship but the interaction of HRD climate strength with HRD climate quality did not add further to the understanding of work engagement process.

Practical implications

The findings of the present research imply that creating a climate of human resource development is a compelling intervention, which could provide competitive advantage to the firm in terms of enhanced work engagement levels among employees.

Originality/value

The study established the importance of social system or social interaction climate in its own right by demonstrating its unique effects on individual attitudes over individuals’ idiosyncratic perceptions.
Addressing climate adaptation in education, research and practice: the CLiVIA-network
Authors: Nagy Gustavo J. , Cabrera Carolina , Coronel Genaro , Aparicio-Effen Marilyn , Arana Ivar , Lairet Rafael , Villamizar Alicia
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Climate change and variability are both a developmental and an environmental issue. Adaptation to climate change and variability has gained a prominent place on global and local policy agendas, evolving from mainly climate risks impacts and vulnerability assessments to mainly adaptation action, imposing new defies to higher education (HE). The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Climate Vulnerability, Impact, and Adaptation (VIA) Network (CliVIA-Net), a South American university-based coalition aimed at achieving a science for/of adaptation.

Design/methodology/approach

CliVIA-Net is a collaborative effort by academic groups from across the spectrum of the natural, social and health sciences focused on improving climate VIA on education, research and practice. In consonance with international literature and practices, the network shifted from a discipline-oriented approach to an interdisciplinary and Earth System Science (ESS)-oriented one. It seeks to advance fundamental understanding and participatory practice-oriented research and to develop a problem orientation question/solving answering methodology. A set of cases studies illustrates how CliVIA-Net faces adaptation and sustainability challenges in the twenty-first century.

Findings

Focusing on interdisciplinary graduate education, practice-oriented research and problem orientation practice on climate threats which are already threatening the environment, population’s well-being and sustainability, allows for the co-production of knowledge and solutions, as well stakeholders’ buy-in and commitment.

Originality/value

CliVIA-Net draws upon the results of evolving interdisciplinary approaches on global change and VIA education, the research partnership with stakeholders and decision-makers to develop environmental and health outcomes, e.g. vulnerability indicators and scenario planning.
Contextualizing gender in climate change adaptation in semi-arid Zimbabwe
Authors: Mubaya C.P. , Mafongoya Paramu L. , Obert Jiri
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Climate change impacts tend to coalesce with everyday vulnerability and affect different socio-economic groups in different ways. In this regard, this study aims to contribute to studies that make gender critical to understanding the way that climate change is experienced. Socially constructed gender differences have a bearing on the extent of exposure to climatic shocks, leading to various patterns of vulnerability to these shocks.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to collect data.

Findings

The study finds that there is an inherent potential within the study area for equal opportunities for both men and women to address levels of vulnerability to climatic shocks and, by implication, potential to challenge patriarchal structures that tend to characterize these study areas. The contextualization of gender analysis remains elusive in the face of increasingly shifting gender roles that traditionally defined women as victims to everyday vulnerability and more recently in conjunction with climatic shocks.

Originality/value

In this regard, this research contributes to emerging perspectives on the potential role of ‘woman as heroine’ and challenges the perception of ‘woman as victim’ in environmental management. Considerations for mainstreaming adaptation responses to climate change do not necessarily have to consider women as a special social group in isolation but, rather, implications for both men and women and caution that embeddedness remains key for gender considerations in any rural context.
Farm households’ perception on climate change and adaptation practices
Authors: Joshi Binaya , Ji Weihong , Joshi Narayan Babu
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the farming community’s perception on important parameters of climate change and identify major practices and technologies adopted to mitigate the impacts of climate change and their determinants in mountain district of Nepal. Being an agrarian economy and dependent on monsoon rain, the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity and production has been experienced. Different adaptation strategies have been adopted by the communities to cope with the consequences of climate change.

Design/methodology/approach

Four village development committees (VDCs) situated in the buffer zone of Langtang National Park of Rasuwa district representing rice, wheat, maize and potato production area was purposively selected for this study. A two-stage sampling technique was adopted for data and information collection. Thirty households from each VDC were randomly selected. Data on the socio-economic and climate change perception were collected using structured questionnaire. A binary logistic regression technique was used to identify the determinants of climate change adaptation technologies and practices.

Findings

The farmers’ decisions whether to adopt climate change adaptation technologies are governed by the size of landholding, perceived threat of climate change to food security, education level and gender of the interviewee, perception on the increased incidence of droughts during rainy season and income received from the off-farm sources. In a community where agricultural activity is the dominant means of living, adaptive strategies help to increase the capacity of a farming system to survive external shocks and cope with the consequences.

Originality/value

The assessment of farm-level adaptation strategies and factors influencing their adoption decision is important to formulate policies and design programs. This will also help to recognize adaptation as a tool for managing a variety of risks associated with climate change in agricultural sector.
The adoption of vendor managed inventory for hospital pharmaceutical supply
Authors: Krichanchai Sineenart , MacCarthy Bart L.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate vendor managed inventory (VMI) for the supply of medicines between distributors and hospitals to identify factors that may affect VMI adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

Two contrasting VMI initiatives involving five organizations (three hospitals, one distributor and one manufacturer/supplier) are studied. A case study method with semi-structured interviews is used with triangulation in data collection, site visits and document analysis to enhance reliability and validity. The cases are analyzed and compared with respect to hospital, supplier, product and supply chain integration characteristics.

Findings

A successful public sector VMI initiative and an unsuccessful private sector VMI initiative are identified. The public sector supplier focuses on improving service level while the private sector supplier seeks to strengthen relationships with a key customer. Hospital characteristics, including type of hospital, top management perspectives and the hospital’s willingness to share information, are critical in decisions on VMI initiation or termination. Relatively stable demand products are preferred for a VMI approach. Hospitals may perceive risks in VMI adoption for medicines as it involves relinquishing control of critical supplies and may result in “lock-in” with a particular supplier.

Research limitations/implications

The cases have been conducted in one country, which may affect generalization of the findings. Wider empirical evidence from other countries in both developed and less developed regions will be beneficial.

Practical implications

VMI is advocated as being beneficial in many supply contexts. However, it is challenging to implement. The study identifies factors that affect the adoption of VMI for hospital pharmaceuticals and provides guidance on initiating VMI in a hospital context.

Social implications

The potential for VMI in public health projects to enable greater access to critical medicines is highlighted.

Originality/value

The paper provides supply side and demand side perspectives on VMI adoption in an important sector. It highlights the need for greater understanding of the perceived and actual risks in VMI from the perspective of both the hospital and the supplier and for much clearer advice on which pharmaceutical products are appropriate for VMI control in a hospital context.
The symbiotic existence of interorganizational and interpersonal ties in supply chain collaboration
Authors: Ekanayake Samanthi , Childerhouse Paul , Sun Peter
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Social network perspective to interorganizational relations focuses on the effect of organizations’ external relationships in collaboration as opposed to their internal resources and capabilities. It presumes that effectively managing such relationships is vital to gaining collaborative synergies. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the growing interest in the social network perspective to explain supply chain collaboration.

Design/methodology/approach

Literature from the network field is discussed in the context of interorganizational collaboration. A logistics service provider’s network is explored in depth leading to the inductive construction of a multi-level model of social network collaboration.

Findings

The conceptual model provides a useful lens to evaluate supply chain collaboration. The symbiotic relationship between interorganizational and interpersonal networks is highlighted as vital for effective collaboration.

Research limitations/implications

The conceptual model has only been developed from a single network. Wider application is required to ensure generalizability. The critical role of the personal networks of boundary spanning actors at different levels wants further investigation.

Practical implications

Partners’ intra-organizational structures and personal ties of boundary spanners, both at the senior and operational level, have a profound effect on supply chain operations.

Originality/value

Personal networks interact with organizational networks and complement each other in yielding interfirm collaborative synergies.
Psychosocial risk management in more and less favourable workplace conditions
Authors: Janetzke Hanna , Ertel Michael
Published: June 2017

Purpose

Although efforts have been made to specify the concept and the process of psychosocial risk management (PSRM), there is still a lack of knowledge on overcoming initiation and implementation barriers. The purpose of this paper is to explore how PSRM was implemented in different work contexts (under difficult and favourable conditions concerning the extent of management’s commitment and participative practices). Success factors are derived from the different work contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

This study compares PSRM approaches across organizations in four European countries. A total of 41 interviews with 60 organizational stakeholders were carried out and supplemented with a corporate documents analysis. Commonalities and differences within and between ten organizational case studies were analysed from which good practice and lessons learnt could be extracted.

Findings

The authors found different approaches based on the extent to which organizational capacity (management commitment and participative practices to prevent psychosocial risks) was taken into account. Where capacity was restricted, external support was necessary to initiate and to implement the process. Where capacity was high, integration of PSRM into routine processes and connection with already existing processes was a dominating topic.

Originality/value

Currently, enabling and hindering factors are not systematically prioritized according to the specific context in which PSRM takes place and often they are not differentiated according to the level (e.g. personal, processual, structural and cultural) where they are situated. This study identifies PSRM versions at those different levels which can help in tailoring specific measures to the workplace conditions.
The experience of the performance-related pay in Italy’s high school system
Authors: Addamo Rosaria , Sergi Bruno S. , Esposito Mark
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to draw on data from a survey research study conducted in Italy that explored the effects of performance-related pay (PRP) among 500 high school teachers.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey responses studies were conducted.

Findings

The results are consistent with theoretical predictions that monetary incentives for activities with a strong social impact may crowd out employee image motivation. This study documents that the use of monetary incentives is neither necessary nor desirable and the pay-for-performance does not affect the intrinsic motivation of teaching staff employees.

Originality/value

This work advances the conversation on relative pay in the field of higher education in Italy.
A behavioral analysis of the volatility of interbank interest rates in developed and emerging countries
Authors: Rossetti Nara , Nagano Marcelo Seido , Meirelles Jorge Luis Faria
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the volatility of the fixed income market from 11 countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Argentina, Chile, Mexico, USA, Germany and Japan) from January 2000 to December 2011 by examining the interbank interest rates from each market.

Design/methodology/approach

To the volatility of interest rates returns, the study used models of auto-regressive conditional heteroscedasticity, autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH), generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH), exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (EGARCH), threshold generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (TGARCH) and periodic generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (PGARCH), and a combination of these with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models, checking which of these processes were more efficient in capturing volatility of interest rates of each of the sample countries.

Findings

The results suggest that for most markets, studied volatility is best modelled by asymmetric GARCH processes – in this case the EGARCH – demonstrating that bad news leads to a higher increase in the volatility of these markets than good news. In addition, the causes of increased volatility seem to be more associated with events occurring internally in each country, as changes in macroeconomic policies, than the overall external events.

Originality/value

It is expected that this study has contributed to a better understanding of the volatility of interest rates and the main factors affecting this market.
Seasoned equity offerings and corporate governance in Europe
Authors: Happ Christian , Schiereck Dirk
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to analyze the effects on shareholder value caused by the announcement of seasoned equity offerings (SEOs) by real estate firms from 12 European countries.

Design/methodology/approach

A 4-factor model event study is conducted to assess the impact of SEO announcements on firm value. Additionally, a cross-sectional regression is run to identify factors that aggravate or mitigate the documented announcement effects.

Findings

Significant wealth losses of −1 per cent are found on the announcement day of an SEO. However, firms with good corporate governance and a low probability of overinvesting experience less negative announcement effects.

Research limitations/implications

The present study considers equity financing. In this context, investors seem to thoroughly assess the implications of capital increases by looking at quality indicators. For firms with good corporate governance, management incentivizing mechanisms and a lower probability of overinvesting, shareholders’ trust in the management mitigates the bad signal that the announcement of an SEO usually conveys.

Originality/value

The finding of corporate governance as a value enhancing factor in the context of equity offerings, even during periods of financial turmoil, is reassuring to both managers and regulators.
Evaluation of recovery configuration options by product utilisation value
Authors: Kuik Swee Siong , Nagalingam Sev , Samaranayake Premaratne , McLean Michael William
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach to evaluate product performance of returned products, using four key performance attributes as the basis for improving sustainability through product recovery.

Design/methodology/approach

A fuzzy logic approach is developed to account a trade-off scenario for a manufactured product with recovery options. This approach is demonstrated using a numerical example and is validated using a case study in the automotive parts and components industry.

Findings

Product utilisation value (PUV) is found to be a useful index that manufacturers can use to assess product recovery options, as it brings together a number of conflicting parameters into a rationalised value for decision making. In addition, PUV provides a rationalised approach for comparing and selecting the most appropriate recovery configuration option.

Research limitations/implications

The authors only utilise four key performance measures to derive PUV. Further research is needed to modify and incorporate other measures that are important to decision makers to improve sustainability in manufacturing supply chains.

Practical implications

The proposed approach may motivate decision makers to consider sustainable recovery options by comparing PUVs of products for primary and secondary markets. The case study demonstrated the conflict and complexity organisations face in a global supply chain of a competitive industry.

Originality/value

The authors propose an approach to optimise trade-off considerations of selected performance attributes through PUV. This PUV as a benchmark can help improve recovery of the returned products and reduce landfill.
Research on police legitimacy: the state of the art
Authors: Worden Robert E. , McLean Sarah J.
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the “state of the art” in research on police legitimacy. The authors consider two bodies of theory and empirical research on police legitimacy: one rooted in social psychology and concerned with individual attitudes, and the other based on organizational institutionalism. The authors contrast the theories, discuss the methods with which propositions have been examined, and take stock of the empirical evidence. The authors then turn to a direct comparison of the theories and their predictions.

Design/methodology/approach

Critical review and comparison of two bodies of literature.

Findings

Police legitimacy is a phenomenon that can be properly understood only when it is addressed at both individual and organizational levels. A large body of social psychological research on police legitimacy has been conducted at the individual level, though it has dwelled mainly on attitudes, and the empirical evidence on the relationships of attitudes to behavior is weak. A much smaller body of research on organizational legitimacy in policing has accumulated, and it appears to have promise for advancing our understanding of police legitimacy.

Originality/value

The understanding of police legitimacy can be deepened by the juxtaposition of these two bodies of theory and research.
Explaining procedural justice during police-suspect encounters
Authors: McCluskey John D. , Reisig Michael
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop and test a series of hypotheses regarding the use of procedurally just policing during suspect encounters.

Design/methodology/approach

Systematic social observation data from police encounters with suspects are used (N=939). Ordinary least-squares regression models are estimated to evaluate the effects of four variable clusters (i.e. suspect self-presentation, situational factors, suspect social characteristics, and officer characteristics) on procedurally just policing practices.

Findings

Results from the regression models show that the most salient predictors of police officers exercising authority in a procedurally just manner include the level of self-control displayed by suspects, the number of citizen onlookers, whether the encounter involved a traffic problem, the race/ethnicity of suspects, and suspects’ social status.

Research limitations/implications

This study focused only on police-suspects encounters where compliance requests were made. While the size of the sample is relatively large, the results from this study do not generalize to all types of police encounters with members of the public.

Originality/value

This research adds to an emerging body of research focused on predicting procedurally just practices in police encounters. The findings support increased attention to theories that explain police-citizens interactions, and also indicate that further consideration to the measurement of police behavior is warranted.
Work intensity, emotional exhaustion and life satisfaction
Authors: Boekhorst Janet A. , Singh Parbudyal , Burke Ronald
Published: June 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine a moderated mediation model that investigated the moderating role of psychological detachment in the relationship between work intensity and life satisfaction via emotional exhaustion.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 149 hospital-based nurses who completed a questionnaire about working conditions and individual outcomes. The data were analyzed using hierarchical moderated regression and bootstrapping techniques.

Findings

The results confirm that work intensity is negatively related to life satisfaction via emotional exhaustion. The results also demonstrate that psychological detachment diminishes the negative influence of emotional exhaustion on life satisfaction. The conditional indirect effect model shows that the indirect relationship between work intensity and life satisfaction is strongest at low psychological detachment.

Research limitations/implications

This research advances our understanding of the negative work and non-work implications associated with work intensity. The key limitation of this research was the cross-sectional data set. HRM researchers should seek to replicate and expand the results with multi-wave data to extend our understanding of the implications of work intensity.

Practical implications

HRM practitioners need to begin implementing measures to address work intensity in order to thwart its negative effects. HRM practitioners need to implement policies and procedures that limit the intensity of work demands to promote positive employee work and non-work outcomes.

Originality/value

This is the first study to show that work intensity can influence life satisfaction through emotional exhaustion. Contrary to most recovery research, this research is also among the first to focus on the moderating role of psychological detachment, especially within a conditional indirect effect model.
A holistic perspective on sustainable banking operating system drivers
Authors: Tan Lay Hong , Chew Boon Cheong , Hamid Syaiful Rizal
Published: June 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a more holistic perspective on rationales that motivated Maybank to move toward a sustainable banking operating system.

Design/methodology/approach

The case study was based on primary data collected through a series of qualitative interview with 35 bankers who were from different departments. Besides, the secondary data such as academic books and journals, government and regulatory authority’s publications, website publications, Maybank’s annual reports and Maybank’s sustainability reports were reviewed to obtain a more comprehensive understanding on rationales that motivated Maybank to move toward a sustainable banking operating system.

Findings

Within the corporation studied, the rationales for moving Maybank toward sustainable banking operating system are driven by macro-, meso- and micro-level drivers. In terms of macro-level drivers, the pressures come from the bank’s external environment. A PESTLE analysis is used to discuss the drivers for change present within the macro environment. The different national government bodies and non-government organizations are calling upon financial institutions to implement more socially and environmentally friendly lending policies. In terms of meso-level drivers, stakeholders are viewed as important driving forces for Maybank to integrate sustainability into banking operations. Internal driving forces are likely to emanate from employees, the board of directors and shareholders. External driving forces result from pressure from customers, governments, competitors, NGOs and society at large. Micro-level drivers are drivers of sustainable banking that include pressures generated from within the bank’s internal environment. Maybank is largely motivated by its mission statement and vision statement, which is articulated in their sustainable banking agenda.

Research limitations/implications

Viewing the rationales that motivated Maybank to move toward a sustainable banking operating system through multiple perspectives – macro-, meso- and micro-level drivers present an interesting approach for research.

Originality/value

The rationales for moving Maybank toward a sustainable banking operating system are driven by macro-, meso- and micro-level drivers. This paper provides fresh insight into rationales that move toward the sustainable banking operating system.
Temperature drives the assembly of endophytic communities' seasonal succession
Authors: Campisano Andrea , Albanese Davide , Yousaf Sohail , Pancher Michael , Donati Claudio , Pertot Ilaria
Published: June 2017

Endophytic microorganisms asymptomatically colonise plant tissues. Exploring the assembly dynamics of bacterial endophytic communities is essential to understand the functioning of the plant holobiont and to optimise their possible use as biopesticides or plant biostimulants. The variation in endophytic communities in above and below‐ground organs in Vitis vinifera in the field were studied. To understand the specific effect of temperature on endophytic communities, a separate experiment was set up where grapevine cuttings were grown under controlled conditions at three different temperatures. The findings revealed the succession of endophytic communities over the year. Endophytic communities of roots and stems differ in terms of composition and dynamic response to temperature. Noticeably, compositional differences during the seasons affected bacterial taxa more in stems than in roots, suggesting that roots offer a more stable and less easily perturbed environment. Correlation abundance networks showed that the presence of several taxa (including Bradyrhizobium, Burkholderia, Dyella, Mesorhizobium, Propionibacterium and Ralstonia) is linked in both the field and the greenhouse.