bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic predisposition to hypertension is associated with preeclampsia in European and Central Asian women
Authors: Steinthorsdottir Valgerdur , McGinnis Ralph , Williams Nicholas O. , Stefansdottir Lilja , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Shooter Scott , Fadista João , Sigurdsson Jon K. , Auro Kirsi M. , Berezina Galina , Borges Maria-Carolina , Bumpstead Suzannah , Bybjerg-Grauholm Jonas , Colgiu Irina , Dolby Vivien A. , Dudbridge Frank , Engel Stephanie M. , Franklin Christopher S. , Frigge Michael L. , Frisbaek Yr , Geirsson Reynir T. , Geller Frank , Gretarsdottir Solveig , Gudbjartsson Daniel F. , Harmon Quaker , Hougaard David Michael , Hegay Tatyana , Helgadottir Anna , Hjartardottir Sigrun , Jääskeläinen Tiina , Johannsdottir Hrefna , Jonsdottir Ingileif , Juliusdottir Thorhildur , Kalsheker Noor , Kasimov Abdumadjit , Kemp John P. , Kivinen Katja , Klungsøyr Kari , Lee Wai K. , Melbye Mads , Miedzybrodska Zosia , Moffett Ashley , Najmutdinova Dilbar , Nishanova Firuza , Olafsdottir Thorunn , Perola Markus , Pipkin Fiona Broughton , Poston Lucilla , Prescott Gordon , Saevarsdottir Saedis , Salimbayeva Damilya , Scaife Paula Juliet , Skotte Line , Staines-Urias Eleonora , Stefansson Olafur A. , Sørensen Karina Meden , Thomsen Liv Cecilie Vestrheim , Tragante Vinicius , Trogstad Lill , Simpson Nigel A. B. ,   FINNPEC Consortium, Laivuori Hannele , Heinonen Seppo , Kajantie Eero , Kere Juha , Kivinen Katja , Pouta Anneli ,   GOPEC Consortium, Morgan Linda , Pipkin Fiona Broughton , Kalsheker Noor , Walker James J. , Macphail Sheila , Kilby Mark , Habiba Marwan , Williamson Catherine , O’Shaughnessy Kevin , O’Brien Shaughn , Cameron Alan , Redman Christopher W. G. , Farrall Martin , Caulfield Mark , Dominiczak Anna F. , Aripova Tamara , Casas Juan P. , Dominiczak Anna F. , Walker James J. , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Iversen Ann-Charlotte , Feenstra Bjarke , Lawlor Deborah A. , Boyd Heather Allison , Magnus Per , Laivuori Hannele , Zakhidova Nodira , Svyatova Gulnara , Stefansson Kari , Morgan Linda
Published: November 2020

Preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, affecting both maternal and fetal health. In genome-wide association meta-analysis of European and Central Asian mothers, we identify sequence variants that associate with preeclampsia in the maternal genome atZNF831/20q13 andFTO/16q12. These are previously established variants for blood pressure (BP) and theFTOvariant has also been associated with body mass index (BMI). Further analysis of BP variants establishes that variants atMECOM/3q26,FGF5/4q21 andSH2B3/12q24 also associate with preeclampsia through the maternal genome. We further show that a polygenic risk score for hypertension associates with preeclampsia. However, comparison with gestational hypertension indicates that additional factors modify the risk of preeclampsia.
Biased localization of actin binding proteins by actin filament conformation
Authors: Harris Andrew R. , Jreij Pamela , Belardi Brian , Joffe Aaron M. , Bausch Andreas R. , Fletcher Daniel A.
Published: November 2020

The assembly of actin filaments into distinct cytoskeletal structures plays a critical role in cell physiology, but how proteins localize differentially to these structures within a shared cytoplasm remains unclear. Here, we show that the actin-binding domains of accessory proteins can be sensitive to filament conformational changes. Using a combination of live cell imaging and in vitro single molecule binding measurements, we show that tandem calponin homology domains (CH1–CH2) can be mutated to preferentially bind actin networks at the front or rear of motile cells. We demonstrate that the binding kinetics of CH1–CH2 domain mutants varies as actin filament conformation is altered by perturbations that include stabilizing drugs and other binding proteins. These findings suggest that conformational changes of actin filaments in cells could help to direct accessory binding proteins to different actin cytoskeletal structures through a biophysical feedback loop.
High-resolution sampling of beam-driven plasma wakefields
Authors: Schröder S. , Lindstrøm C. A. , Bohlen S. , Boyle G. , D’Arcy R. , Diederichs S. , Garland M. J. , Gonzalez P. , Knetsch A. , Libov V. , Niknejadi P. , Põder Kris , Schaper L. , Schmidt B. , Sheeran B. , Tauscher G. , Wesch S. , Zemella J. , Zeng M. , Osterhoff J.
Published: November 2020

Plasma-wakefield accelerators driven by intense particle beams promise to significantly reduce the size of future high-energy facilities. Such applications require particle beams with a well-controlled energy spectrum, which necessitates detailed tailoring of the plasma wakefield. Precise measurements of the effective wakefield structure are therefore essential for optimising the acceleration process. Here we propose and demonstrate such a measurement technique that enables femtosecond-level (15 fs) sampling of longitudinal electric fields of order gigavolts-per-meter (0.8 GV m−1). This method—based on energy collimation of the incoming bunch—made it possible to investigate the effect of beam and plasma parameters on the beam-loaded longitudinally integrated plasma wakefield, showing good agreement with particle-in-cell simulations. These results open the door to high-quality operation of future plasma accelerators through precise control of the acceleration process.
Publisher Correction: A stabilized glycomimetic conjugate vaccine inducing protective antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A
Authors: Enotarpi Jacopo , Tontini Marta , Balocchi Cristiana , van der Es Daan , Auberger Ludovic , Balducci Evita , Carboni Filippo , Proietti Daniela , Casini Daniele , Filippov Dmitri V. , Overkleeft Hermen S. , van der Marel Gijsbert A. , Colombo Cinzia , Romano Maria Rosaria , Berti Francesco , Costantino Paolo , Codeé Jeroen D. C. , Lay Luigi , Adamo Roberto
Published: November 2020

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-20120-4
The barley pan-genome reveals the hidden legacy of mutation breeding
Authors: Jayakodi Murukarthick , Padmarasu Sudharsan , Haberer Georg , Bonthala Venkata Suresh , Gundlach Heidrun , Monat Cécile , Lux Thomas , Kamal Nadia , Lang Daniel , Himmelbach Axel , Ens Jennifer , Zhang Xiao-Qi , Angessa Tefera T. , Zhou Gaofeng , Tan Cong , Hill Camilla , Wang Penghao , Schreiber Miriam , Boston Lori B. , Plott Christopher , Jenkins Jerry , Guo Yu , Fiebig Anne , Budak Hikmet , Xu Dongdong , Zhang Jing , Wang Chunchao , Grimwood Jane , Schmutz Jeremy , Guo Ganggang , Zhang Guoping , Mochida Keiichi , Hirayama Takashi , Sato Kazuhiro , Chalmers Kenneth J. , Langridge Peter , Waugh Robbie , Pozniak Curtis J. , Scholz Uwe , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Spannagl Manuel , Li Chengdao , Mascher Martin , Stein Nils
Published: November 2020

Genetic diversity is key to crop improvement. Owing to pervasive genomic structural variation, a single reference genome assembly cannot capture the full complement of sequence diversity of a crop species (known as the ‘pan-genome’1). Multiple high-quality sequence assemblies are an indispensable component of a pan-genome infrastructure. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is an important cereal crop with a long history of cultivation that is adapted to a wide range of agro-climatic conditions2. Here we report the construction of chromosome-scale sequence assemblies for the genotypes of 20 varieties of barley—comprising landraces, cultivars and a wild barley—that were selected as representatives of global barley diversity. We catalogued genomic presence/absence variants and explored the use of structural variants for quantitative genetic analysis through whole-genome shotgun sequencing of 300 gene bank accessions. We discovered abundant large inversion polymorphisms and analysed in detail two inversions that are frequently found in current elite barley germplasm; one is probably the product of mutation breeding and the other is tightly linked to a locus that is involved in the expansion of geographical range. This first-generation barley pan-genome makes previously hidden genetic variation accessible to genetic studies and breeding.
Combinations of modifiable lifestyle behaviours in relation to colorectal cancer risk in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project
Authors: O’Sullivan Dylan E. , Metcalfe Amy , Hillier Troy W. R. , King Will D. , Lee Sangmin , Pader Joy , Brenner Darren R.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to identify distinct clusters of individuals that exhibit unique patterns of modifiable lifestyle-related behaviours and to determine how these patterns are associated with the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The study consisted of 26,460 participants and 267 CRC cases from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project. Exploratory latent class analysis of risk behaviours (obesity, physical inactivity, meat consumption, smoking, alcohol consumption, and fruit and vegetable consumption) and Cox proportional hazard models were utilized. Seven unique behavioural groups were identified, where the risk of CRC was 2.34 to 2.87 times greater for high risk groups compared to the low risk group. Sex-specific models identified higher risk groups among men (Hazard Ratios [HRs]: 3.15 to 3.89) than among women (HRs: 1.99 to 2.19). Targeting groups defined by clustering of behaviours could potentially lead to more effective prevention of CRC on a population level.
Diversity, dynamics, direction, and magnitude of high-altitude migrating insects in the Sahel
Authors: Florio Jenna , Verú Laura M. , Dao Adama , Yaro Alpha S. , Diallo Moussa , Sanogo Zana L. , Samaké Djibril , Huestis Diana L. , Yossi Ousman , Talamas Elijah , Chamorro M. Lourdes , Frank J. Howard , Biondi Maurizio , Morkel Carsten , Bartlett Charles , Linton Yvonne-Marie , Strobach Ehud , Chapman Jason W. , Reynolds Don R. , Faiman Roy , Krajacich Benjamin J. , Smith Corey S. , Lehmann Tovi
Published: November 2020

Long-distance migration of insects impacts food security, public health, and conservation–issues that are especially significant in Africa. Windborne migration is a key strategy enabling exploitation of ephemeral havens such as the Sahel, however, its knowledge remains sparse. In this first cross-season investigation (3 years) of the aerial fauna over Africa, we sampled insects flying 40–290 m above ground in Mali, using nets mounted on tethered helium-filled balloons. Nearly half a million insects were caught, representing at least 100 families from thirteen orders. Control nets confirmed that the insects were captured at altitude. Thirteen ecologically and phylogenetically diverse species were studied in detail. Migration of all species peaked during the wet season every year across localities, suggesting regular migrations. Species differed in flight altitude, seasonality, and associated weather conditions. All taxa exhibited frequent flights on southerly winds, accounting for the recolonization of the Sahel from southern source populations. “Return” southward movement occurred in most taxa. Estimates of the seasonal number of migrants per species crossing Mali at latitude 14°N were in the trillions, and the nightly distances traversed reached hundreds of kilometers. The magnitude and diversity of windborne insect migration highlight its importance and impacts on Sahelian and neighboring ecosystems.
Multivariate sea storm hindcasting and design: the isotropic buoy-ungauged generator procedure
Authors: Salvadori Gianfausto , Tomasicchio Giuseppe Roberto , D’Alessandro Felice , Lusito Letizia , Francone Antonio
Published: November 2020

The present work provides indications for assessment of wave climate and design of structures at sea at ungauged sites, both critical issues in Ocean sciences. The paper is of methodological nature and of global worldwide applicability. It shows how suitable wave hindcasting relations can be exploited in order to provide sea storm scenarios at an ungauged (Target) location useful for design purposes: in particular, only geographical information and the knowledge of another gauged (Source) buoy are used. Several are the novelties introduced. (i) New hindcasting relations are derived. (ii) A full statistical model is set up for the Target area, whereas traditional hindcasting simply transfers time series from a gauged to an ungauged site: this gives the possibility to appropriately deal with design and hazard assessment at the Target location. (iii) The multivariate behavior of non-independent random variables is properly modelled by using the Theory of Copulas. As an illustration, a number of case studies is investigated, involving four pairs of buoys which, given their positions and exposures, are representative of a wide variety of sea states and conditions, as well as of different wave generation mechanisms.
Lipopolysaccharide directly inhibits bicarbonate absorption by the renal outer medullary collecting duct
Authors: Tsuruoka Shuichi , Purkerson Jeffrey M. , Schwartz George J.
Published: November 2020

Acidosis is associated with E. coli induced pyelonephritis but whether bacterial cell wall constituents inhibit HCO3 transport in the outer medullary collecting duct from the inner stripe (OMCDi) is not known. We examined the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), on HCO3 absorption in isolated perfused rabbit OMCDi. LPS caused a ~ 40% decrease in HCO3 absorption, providing a mechanism for E. coli pyelonephritis-induced acidosis. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a detoxified TLR4 agonist, and Wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, prevented the LPS-mediated decrease, demonstrating the role of TLR4-PI3-kinase signaling and providing proof-of-concept for therapeutic interventions aimed at ameliorating OMCDi dysfunction and pyelonephritis-induced acidosis.
Longitudinal analysis of premotor anthropometric and serological markers of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Yokoi Katsunori , Hattori Makoto , Satake Yuki , Tanaka Yasuhiro , Sato Maki , Hashizume Atsushi , Hori Akihiro , Kawashima Motoshi , Hirakawa Akihiro , Watanabe Hirohisa , Katsuno Masahisa
Published: November 2020

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder in which nonmotor symptoms, such as constipation and hyposmia, precede the onset of motor symptoms by 20 years. The aim of this study was to identify biomarkers at the premotor stage of PD. We assessed the differences in longitudinal changes in anthropometric and serological indices obtained from health check-up data before and after the onset of motor symptoms between male and female PD patients and healthy subjects. We enrolled 22 male and 23 female PD patients and 60 male and 60 female healthy controls. A mixed-effects model was used to estimate the trajectory of each clinical marker over the years before and after motor symptoms onset in the PD subjects, which were then compared with the trajectories of the healthy controls. The results showed a premotor blood pressure increase in female PD patients and premotor decreases in haematocrit, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the male patients. Our results indicated that blood pressure, haematocrit and serum cholesterol levels are potential premotor markers of PD. Additionally, the changes in anthropometric and serological indices before PD motor symptoms onset were sex specific.
Modulating tiller formation in cereal crops by the signalling function of fertilizer nitrogen forms
Authors: Bauer Bernhard , von Wirén Nicolaus
Published: November 2020

Cereal crop yield comprises interrelated components, among which the number of tillers is highly responsive to nitrogen fertilization. We addressed the hypothesis of whether the supply of different nitrogen forms can be employed to manipulate the tiller number in cereal crops. Relative to urea or ammonium, exclusive supply of nitrate increased tiller number in hydroponically-grown barley plants. Thereby, tiller number correlated positively with the root-to-shoot translocation rate of endogenous cytokinins. External supply of a synthetic cytokinin analog further stimulated tillering in nitrate-containing but not in urea-containing nutrient solution. When the cytokinin analog 6-benzylaminopurine riboside was externally supplied to roots, its translocation to shoots was 2.5 times higher in presence of nitrate than in presence of urea or ammonium, suggesting that cytokinin loading into the xylem is affected by different nitrogen forms. We then translated this finding to field scale, cultivated winter wheat in four environments, and confirmed that nitrate fertilization significantly increased tiller number in a dose-dependent manner. As assessed in 22 winter wheat cultivars, nitrogen form-dependent tiller formation was subject to substantial genotypic variation. We conclude that cytokinin-mediated signaling effects of fertilizer nitrogen forms can be employed as a management tool to regulate the tiller number in cereal crops.
Prognostic factors analysis for oral cavity cancer survival in the Netherlands and Taiwan using a privacy-preserving federated infrastructure
Authors: Geleijnse Gijs , Chiang RuRu Chun-Ju , Sieswerda Melle , Schuurman Melinda , Lee K. C. , van Soest Johan , Dekker Andre , Lee Wen-Chung , Verbeek Xander A. A. M.
Published: November 2020

The difference in incidence of oral cavity cancer (OCC) between Taiwan and the Netherlands is striking. Different risk factors and treatment expertise may result in survival differences between the two countries. However due to regulatory restrictions, patient-level analyses of combined data from the Netherlands and Taiwan are infeasible. We implemented a software infrastructure for federated analyses on data from multiple organisations. We included 41,633‬ patients with single-tumour OCC between 2004 and 2016, undergoing surgery, from the Taiwan Cancer Registry and Netherlands Cancer Registry. Federated Cox Proportional Hazard was used to analyse associations between patient and tumour characteristics, country, treatment and hospital volume with survival. Five factors showed differential effects on survival of OCC patients in the Netherlands and Taiwan: age at diagnosis, stage, grade, treatment and hospital volume. The risk of death for OCC patients younger than 60 years, with advanced stage, higher grade or receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery was lower in the Netherlands than in Taiwan; but patients older than 70 years, with early stage, lower grade and receiving surgery alone in the Netherlands were at higher risk of death than those in Taiwan. The mortality risk of OCC in Taiwanese patients treated in hospitals with higher hospital volume (≥ 50 surgeries per year) was lower than in Dutch patients. We conducted analyses without exchanging patient-level information, overcoming barriers for sharing privacy sensitive information. The outcomes of patients treated in the Netherlands and Taiwan were slightly different after controlling for other prognostic factors.
A critical role of endothelial cell protein C receptor in the intestinal homeostasis in experimental colitis
Authors: Kondreddy Vijay , Keshava Shiva , Esmon Charles T. , Pendurthi Usha R. , Rao L. Vijaya Mohan
Published: November 2020

Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis are the two forms of disorders of the human inflammatory bowel disease with unknown etiologies. Endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) is a multifunctional and multiligand receptor, which is expressed on the endothelium and other cell types, including epithelial cells. Here, we report that EPCR is expressed in the colon epithelial cells, CD11c+, and CD21+/CD35+ myeloid cells surrounding the crypts in the colon mucosa. EPCR expression was markedly decreased in the colon mucosa during colitis. The loss of EPCR appeared to associate with increased disease index of the experimental colitis in mice. EPCR−/− mice were more susceptible to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, manifested by increased weight loss, macrophage infiltration, and inflammatory cytokines in the colon tissue. DSS treatment of EPCR−/− mice resulted in increased bleeding, bodyweight loss, anemia, fibrin deposition, and loss of colon epithelial and goblet cells. Administration of coagulant factor VIIa significantly attenuated the DSS-induced colon length shortening, rectal bleeding, bodyweight loss, and disease activity index in the wild-type mice but not EPCR−/− mice. In summary, our data provide direct evidence that EPCR plays a crucial role in regulating the inflammation in the colon during colitis.
Terbium(III)-thiacalix[4]arene nanosensor for highly sensitive intracellular monitoring of temperature changes within the 303–313 K range
Authors: Zairov Rustem R. , Dovzhenko Alexey P. , Sapunova Anastasiia S. , Voloshina Alexandra D. , Sarkanich Kirill A. , Daminova Amina G. , Nizameev Irek R. , Lapaev Dmitry V. , Sudakova Svetlana N. , Podyachev Sergey N. , Petrov Konstantin A. , Vomiero Alberto , Mustafina Asiya R.
Published: November 2020

The work introduces hydrophilic PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] nanoparticles to be applied as highly sensitive intracellular temperature nanosensors. The nanoparticles are synthesized by solvent-induced nanoprecipitation of [Tb2(TCAn)2] complexes (TCAn - thiacalix[4]arenes bearing different upper-rim substituents: unsubstituted TCA1, tert-buthyl-substituted TCA2, di- and tetra-brominated TCA3 and TCA4) with the use of polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) as stabilizer. The temperature responsive luminescence behavior of PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] within 293–333 K range in water is modulated by reversible changes derived from the back energy transfer from metal to ligand (M* → T1) correlating with the energy gap between the triplet levels of ligands and resonant 5D4 level of Tb3+ ion. The lowering of the triplet level (T1) energies going from TCA1 and TCA2 to their brominated counterparts TCA3 and TCA4 facilitates the back energy transfer. The highest ever reported temperature sensitivity for intracellular temperature nanosensors is obtained for PSS-[Tb2(TCA4)2] (SI = 5.25% K−1), while PSS-[Tb2(TCA3)2] is characterized by a moderate one (SI = 2.96% K−1). The insignificant release of toxic Tb3+ ions from PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] within heating/cooling cycle and the low cytotoxicity of the colloids point to their applicability in intracellular temperature monitoring. The cell internalization of PSS-[Tb2(TCAn)2] (n = 3, 4) marks the cell cytoplasm by green Tb3+-luminescence, which exhibits detectable quenching when the cell samples are heated from 303 to 313 K. The colloids hold unprecedented potential for in vivo intracellular monitoring of temperature changes induced by hyperthermia or pathological processes in narrow range of physiological temperatures.
Experimental sleep loss, racial bias, and the decision criterion to shoot in the Police Officer’s Dilemma task
Authors: Scullin Michael K. , Hebl Michelle R. , Corrington Abby , Nguyen Stacy
Published: November 2020

Violent behavior, police brutality, and racial discrimination are currently at the forefront of society’s attention, and they should be. We investigated whether mild sleep loss—as typical for many adults throughout the work week—could aggravate the socio-emotional-cognitive processes contributing to violence and discrimination. In a sample of 40 healthy young adults, we either experimentally restricted participants’ sleep for four nights (6.2 h/night) or let participants obtain normal sleep (7.7 h/night)—and then had them complete the Police Officer’s Dilemma Task. In this computerized task, the participant must rapidly decide to shoot or not shoot at White and Black men who either are or are not holding a gun. Results showed significant racial biases, including more and quicker shooting of Black targets compared to White targets. Furthermore, signal detection analyses demonstrated that mild sleep restriction changed participants’ decision criterion, increasing the tendency to shoot, even when controlling for psychomotor vigilance, fluid intelligence, and self-reported desirability to behave in a socially acceptable manner. The increased tendency to shoot was also observed in participants who reported believing that they had adapted to the sleep loss. Future experimental research using trained police officers will help establish the generalizability of these laboratory effects. Importantly, sleep loss is modifiable via organization-level changes (e.g., shift scheduling, light entrainment) and individual-level interventions (e.g., sleep hygiene education, incentives for behavioral change), suggesting that if sleep loss is corrected, it could save lives—including Black lives.
Global phylogeography suggests extensive eucosmopolitanism in Mesopelagic Fishes (Maurolicus: Sternoptychidae)
Authors: Rees David J. , Poulsen Jan Y. , Sutton Tracey T. , Costa Paulo A. S. , Landaeta Mauricio F.
Published: November 2020

Fishes in the mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) have recently been highlighted for potential exploitation. Here we assess global phylogeography in Maurolicus, the Pearlsides, an ecologically important group. We obtained new sequences from mitochondrial COI and nuclear ITS-2 from multiple locations worldwide, representing 10 described species plus an unknown central South Pacific taxon. Phylogenetic analyses identified five geographically distinct groupings, three of which comprise multiple described species. Species delimitation analyses suggest these may represent four species. Maurolicus muelleri and M. australis are potentially a single species, although as no shared haplotypes are found between the two disjunct groups, we suggest maintenance of these as two species. Maurolicus australis is a predominantly southern hemisphere species found in the Pacific, Indian and southern South Atlantic Oceans, comprising five previously allopatric species. M. muelleri (previously two species) is distributed in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea. Maurolicus weitzmani (previously two species) inhabits the eastern equatorial Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and western North and South Atlantic. Maurolicus mucronatus is restricted to the Red Sea. No Maurolicus have previously been reported in the central South Pacific but we have identified a distinct lineage from this region, which forms a sister group to Maurolicus from the Red Sea.
Top influencers can be identified universally by combining classical centralities
Authors: Bucur Doina
Published: November 2020

Information flow, opinion, and epidemics spread over structured networks. When using node centrality indicators to predict which nodes will be among the top influencers or superspreaders, no single centrality is a consistently good ranker across networks. We show that statistical classifiers using two or more centralities are instead consistently predictive over many diverse, static real-world topologies. Certain pairs of centralities cooperate particularly well in drawing the statistical boundary between the superspreaders and the rest: a local centrality measuring the size of a node’s neighbourhood gains from the addition of a global centrality such as the eigenvector centrality, closeness, or the core number. Intuitively, this is because a local centrality may rank highly nodes which are located in locally dense, but globally peripheral regions of the network. The additional global centrality indicator guides the prediction towards more central regions. The superspreaders usually jointly maximise the values of both centralities. As a result of the interplay between centrality indicators, training classifiers with seven classical indicators leads to a nearly maximum average precision function (0.995) across the networks in this study.
Split drive killer-rescue provides a novel threshold-dependent gene drive
Authors: Edgington Matthew P. , Harvey-Samuel Tim , Alphey Luke
Published: November 2020

A wide range of gene drive mechanisms have been proposed that are predicted to increase in frequency within a population even when they are deleterious to individuals carrying them. This also allows associated desirable genetic material (“cargo genes”) to increase in frequency. Gene drives have garnered much attention for their potential use against a range of globally important problems including vector borne disease, crop pests and invasive species. Here we propose a novel gene drive mechanism that could be engineered using a combination of toxin-antidote and CRISPR components, each of which are already being developed for other purposes. Population genetics mathematical models are developed here to demonstrate the threshold-dependent nature of the proposed system and its robustness to imperfect homing, incomplete penetrance of toxins and transgene fitness costs, each of which are of practical significance given that real-world components inevitably have such imperfections. We show that although end-joining repair mechanisms may cause the system to break down, under certain conditions, it should persist over time scales relevant for genetic control programs. The potential of such a system to provide localised population suppression via sex ratio distortion or female-specific lethality is also explored. Additionally, we investigate the effect on introduction thresholds of adding an extra CRISPR base element, showing that this may either increase or decrease dependent on parameter context.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model
Authors: Liu Mandi , Zhang Yue , Zhang Di , Bai Yun , Liu Guomei , Li Pei , Li Jianguo , Li Yan
Published: November 2020

EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.
Label-free X-ray estimation of brain amyloid burden
Authors: Dahal Eshan , Ghammraoui Bahaa , Ye Meijun , Smith J. Carson , Badano Aldo
Published: November 2020

Amyloid plaque deposits in the brain are indicative of Alzheimer’s and other diseases. Measurements of brain amyloid burden in small animals require laborious post-mortem histological analysis or resource-intensive, contrast-enhanced imaging techniques. We describe a label-free method based on spectral small-angle X-ray scattering with a polychromatic beam for in vivo estimation of brain amyloid burden. Our findings comparing 5XFAD versus wild-type mice correlate well with histology, showing promise for a fast and practical in vivo technique.
Fecal calprotectin in healthy children aged 4–16 years
Authors: Roca María , Rodriguez Varela Ana , Carvajal Eva , Donat Ester , Cano Francisco , Armisen Ana , Vaya Maria Jose , Ekoff Helena , Hervas David , Rydell Niclas , Ribes-Koninckx Carmen
Published: November 2020

Reference values of fecal calprotectin (fCP) have not been convincingly established in children. We aimed to investigate fCP concentrations in a larger population of healthy children aged 4–16 years to analyze more in depth the behavior of fCP in this age range and to determine if cut-off levels could be conclusively recommended. A prospective study was conducted to investigate fCP concentrations of healthy children aged 4–16 years. In 212 healthy children, the median and 95th percentile for fCP were 18.8 mg/kg and 104.5 mg/kg, respectively. We found a statistically significant association between the 95th percentile of fCP concentrations and age (p < 0.001). We propose a nomogram to facilitate the interpretation of fCP results in children aged 4–16 years. Further studies are required to validate the proposed values in clinical practice.
Identifying chromatin features that regulate gene expression distribution
Authors: Zhang Thanutra , Foreman Robert , Wollman Roy
Published: November 2020

Gene expression variability, differences in the number of mRNA per cell across a population of cells, is ubiquitous across diverse organisms with broad impacts on cellular phenotypes. The role of chromatin in regulating average gene expression has been extensively studied. However, what aspects of the chromatin contribute to gene expression variability is still underexplored. Here we addressed this problem by leveraging chromatin diversity and using a systematic investigation of randomly integrated expression reporters to identify what aspects of chromatin microenvironment contribute to gene expression variability. Using DNA barcoding and split-pool decoding, we created a large library of isogenic reporter clones and identified reporter integration sites in a massive and parallel manner. By mapping our measurements of reporter expression at different genomic loci with multiple epigenetic profiles including the enrichment of transcription factors and the distance to different chromatin states, we identified new factors that impact the regulation of gene expression distributions.
Prevention of pulmonary air leaks using a biodegradable tissue-adhesive fiber sheet based on Alaska pollock gelatin modified with decanyl groups
Authors: Ichimaru Hiroaki , Mizuno Yosuke , Chen Xi , Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi
Published: November 2020

We modified Alaska pollock-derived gelatin to include decanyl (C10) groups (C10-ApGltn) and used electrospinning to create a tissue-adhesive fiber sheet (AdFS) for prevention of air leaks.
Accessing water processable cyanido bridged chiral heterobimetallic Co(ii)–Fe(iii) one dimensional network
Authors: Choudhury Anup , Pichon Céline , Sutter Jean-Pascal , Pamu Dobbidi , Sarma Bipul , Mudoi Prashurya Pritam , Gogoi Nayanmoni
Published: November 2020

A simple approach to impart water processability in cyanido bridged extended structures are described. A chiral cyanido bridged Co(ii)–Fe(iii) extended structure is assembled and its water processability is demonstrated.
Meyer–Schuster-type rearrangement for the synthesis of α-selanyl-α,β-unsaturated thioesters
Authors: Baldassari Lucas L. , Mantovani Anderson C. , Jardim Micaela , Maryasin Boris , Lüdtke Diogo S.
Published: November 2020

A new approach to prepare α-selanyl-α,β-unsaturated thioesters from propargylthioalkynes and an electrophilic selenium species is reported.
The shape selectivity of corannulene dimers based on concave–convex and convex–convex shape complementarity as hosts for C60 and C70
Authors: Wang Li , Liu Yan-Li , Chen Sheng-Hui , He De , Li Quan-Jiang , Wang Mei-Shan
Published: November 2020

The convex–convex interaction was shown to be helpful for producing more obvious intermolecular charge transfer and a larger nonlinear optical response than the concave–convex interaction.
Surface reconstruction of Ni doped Co–Fe Prussian blue analogues for enhanced oxygen evolution
Authors: Hou Jingting , Tang Zeming , Wei Keyan , Lai Qingxue , Liang Yanyu
Published: November 2020

The in situ generated Ni(Co) oxyhydroxides sites transform the RDS for OER, thus achieving significantly accelerated catalysis kinetics.
Intratumoral injection of hydrogel-embedded nanoparticles enhances retention in glioblastoma
Authors: Brachi Giulia , Ruiz-Ramírez Javier , Dogra Prashant , Wang Zhihui , Cristini Vittorio , Ciardelli Gianluca , Rostomily Robert C. , Ferrari Mauro , Mikheev Andrei M. , Blanco Elvin , Mattu Clara
Published: November 2020

Intratumoral drug delivery is a promising approach for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).
Inquiry for the multifunctional design of metal–organic frameworks: in situ equipping additional open metal sites (OMSs) inducing high CO2 capture/conversion abilities
Authors: Jia Mingwei , Li Jiantang , Gu Jiaming , Zhang Lirong , Liu Yunling
Published: November 2020

On the basis of in situ fabricating multifunctional MOFs, a binuclear Co-MOF with open cobalt sites was accomplished. The multifunctional sites afforded increased CO2 uptake, together with the synergistic catalysis in promoting the CO2 conversion.
Greening the synthesis of peptide therapeutics: an industrial perspective
Authors: Martin Vincent , Egelund Peter H. G. , Johansson Henrik , Thordal Le Quement Sebastian , Wojcik Felix , Sejer Pedersen Daniel
Published: November 2020

This review highlights the efforts made to date to promote greener peptide synthesis, from an industrial perspective.
Unraveling the mechanism of CO2 capture and separation by porous liquids
Authors: Yin Jie , Fu Wendi , Zhang Jinrui , Ran Hongshun , Lv Naixia , Chao Yanhong , Li Hongping , Zhu Wenshuai , Liu Hui , Li Huaming
Published: November 2020

A POC-type porous liquid has the ability to absorb CO2 and the cage provides a cavity for absorption. The dominant interaction between CO2 and the cage is π–π interaction. The optimal capacities of the three porous organic cages are 4, 2 and 4 eq.
The effects of osmolytes on in vitro kinesin-microtubule motility assays
Authors: VanDelinder Virginia , Sickafoose Ian , Imam Zachary I. , Ko Randy , Bachand George D.
Published: November 2020

Kinesin-driven motility was shown to be adversely affected in a concentration dependent manner by the addition of osmolytes: glycerol, polyethylene glycol, and trimethylamine N-oxide.
Photoaccelerated energy transfer catalysis of the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling through ligand regulation on Ir(iii)–Pd(ii) bimetallic complexes
Authors: Yao Su-Yang , Cao Man-Li , Zhang Xiu-Lian
Published: November 2020

A series bimetallic catalysts were synthesized. Relationship between the structure of catalysts and catalytic reactivities were studied and improvement of the catalytic efficiency for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling was accomplished by regulating their chromophores.
Nanoscale mapping of wavelength-selective photovoltaic responses in H- and J-aggregates of azo dye-based solar cell films
Authors: Shekhar Shashank , Park Inkyoung , Kim Jeongsu , Yang Myungjae , Cho Duckhyung , Hong Seunghun
Published: November 2020

The dye film shows the formation of various aggregates that have wavelength-dependent solar cell performance.
A reductive ion exchange strategy using NaTi2(PO4)3 for metal removal/recovery from wastewater
Authors: Dong Shun , Wang Bin , Liu Xinrui , Wang Ling , Zhan Jing , Qayum Abdul , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong , Wang Ting
Published: November 2020

A novel reductive ion exchange strategy is proposed to use Faradaic electrode materials NaTi2(PO4)3 to make reductive ion exchange membrane for metal removal/recovery from wastewater.
Local-interaction-field-coupled semiconductor photocatalysis: recent progress and future challenges
Authors: Lei Qin , Yang Shengjiong , Ding Dahu , Tan Jihua , Liu Jingfu , Chen Rongzhi
Published: November 2020

This review summarizes recent progress made in the local-field-coupled photocatalytic systems, including electric, thermal, magnetic, and ultrasonic fields, as well as multifield coupling.
Enhanced electrical properties and restrained thermal transport in p- and n-type thermoelectric metal–organic framework hybrids
Authors: Qi Xia , Wang Yizhuo , Li Kuncai , Wang Jing , Zhang Hao-Li , Yu Choongho , Wang Hong
Published: November 2020

σ, S, and k match well with a parallel transport model in the hybrids.
Phenogenetic features of the Nenets breed Ural ecotype of the reindeer
Authors: Yuzhakov Alexander , Kharzinova Veronika , Laishev Kasim
Published: November 2020

For the first time, comprehensive studies of the phenogenetic features of the Ural ecotype of domestic reindeer of the Nenets breed were performed. It was found out that the Ural reindeer relative to other ecotypes of the Nenets breed have smaller linear dimensions and live body weight. The studied group of reindeer was characterized by the minimum values of the majority of population genetic indicators, including the effective number of alleles (Ne = 4.422 ± 0.614), the Shannon information index (I = 1.663 ± 0.102), and the level of both the observed and expected heterozygosity (Ho = 0.561 ± 0.064 and He = 0.740 ± 0.035, respectively). It exceeded two other samples from neighboring breeding regions (Nenets Autonomous district and the Komi Republic) in the average number of alleles per locus: (Na = 9.667 ± 0.577 versus Na = 9.555 ± 0.669 and Na = 9.557 ± 0.709, respectively). Animals of the Ural population (YAM) have a closer genetic structure with reindeer individuals of the neighboring Nenets Autonomous district (NAO). The studied sample of the Nenets breed was characterized by a shift in genetic diversity towards a lack of heterozygotes, as evidenced by the positive Fis values. The introduction of genetic methods in the reindeer herding will allow improving the breeding work in the industry, revealing intraspecific genetic variation in inbreeding herds and identifying intrabreed groups of animals.
Modeling of recipes of special purpose bakery products
Authors: Rustemova Ainash , Kydyraliev Nurudin , Kirillova Tatyana , Sadygova Madina , Batyrbayeva Nurgul
Published: November 2020

In this article the results of calculations of experimental-statistical methods are given, using the optimized contents of components in “Puff buns” and “Grain bars” recipes. The proposed products are balanced in the content of nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), contain a wide range of vitamins and essential amino acids, which allows expanding the consumer food market and more efficiently using vegetable resources. In order to obtain the percentage ratio of the components in the flour products composition, the complete factor experiment – a central compositional rotatable planning experiment – was applied. According to the results of mathematical modeling for “Puff buns”, the optimal percentage ratio of rice bioflour and pumpkin was chosen as 20:20, for “Grain bar” the optimal dosage of mashed bananas and Jerusalem artichoke is 28:12 respectively.
Development of luminescent serum for diagnostics of animal bacillus anthracix agent
Authors: Galiullin Albert K. , Zadorina Iva I. , Mustafina Elmira N. , Mustafin Timur R.
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the study was to obtain luminescent serum based on highly purified anthracoid globulins to diagnose anthrax agents in animals. To date, there are plenty diagnostic agents that allow rapid and accurate diagnostics of infectious diseases of animals. One of them is the luminescent microscopy of the fluorescent antibody method, which is used as an express method and provides for diagnostics within 3-5 hours. Hyperimmune serum globulins prepared on two types of antigens – protective from strain 55 (VNIIVViM) and capsular from Lange-2 strain at five-fold scheme of introduction of these antigens – were used to make luminescent anthracoid serum. The luminescent serum made on the basis of highly purified anthracoid globulins has a coloring titer (specific activity) of 1:16. When examining the specificity of the obtained luminescent serum in smears from anthrax agent strains, clear fluorescence was observed with more intense luminescence along the periphery of microbial cells.
Productivity and parameters of blood of sows fed with probiotic supplements
Authors: Gamko Leonid N. , Talyzina Tatiana L. , Podolnikov Valery E. , Sidorov Ivan I. , Menyakina Anna G.
Published: November 2020

Feeding lactating sows with the probiotic supplements “Citexflor-1” and “Sgol-1-40” at 14.4–13.1 MJ of exchange energy released from digesting 1 kg of dry matter of feed mixtures included in the diet had a positive effect on productivity, nutrient digestibility and morphological and biochemical parameters of blood. The inclusion of adequate amounts of “Citexflor-1” enhanced milk production by sows in the second trial group compared to the control by 2.03 %, in the third by 6.6 % and in the fourth by 3.9 %, with the survival in piglets observed at 89–92 %. Supplementation of probiotic preparation “Sgol-1-40” was carried out, the sows showed to produce more milk by 5.8 % in the second trial group, 16.3 % in the third, and 20.7 % in the fourth group compared to the control. In the study of morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in sows in the first experiment, the erythrocyte number was greater in the third trial group by 6.2 %, and in the fourth by 4.7 %. In the second experiment, with probiotic supplementation of “Sgol-1-40” fed to sows, the number of red blood cells was 4.2; 18.1 and 32.1 % greater, respectively, along with hemoglobin level higher at 2.8; 15.3; 24.1 %, respectively.
The use of Bovhyaluronidaze azoximer preparation in the treatment of suppurative wounds in companion animals
Authors: Nazarova Anna , Semenov Boris , Stekolnikov Anatoly , Kuznetsova Tatiana
Published: November 2020

Increasing the number of dogs and cats kept in urban households makes relevant research of new effective methods of treatment of companion animals. We conducted studies of the effect of Bovhyaluronidaze azoximer on the treatment duration of suppurative wounds. The study was carried out on 42 animals (24 cats and 18 dogs) with septic processes in two groups. The animals of the both groups were given conventional therapy; in animals of the experimental group the Bovhyaluronidaze azoximer preparation was additionally included as a part of a complex therapy. The effect of the use Bovhyaluronidaze azoximer preparation was evaluated by three indicators: the wound cleansing from purulonecrotic masses duration, the duration of existence of edema, the number of managements of wound. The median wound cleansing time in the experimental group improve on 2.29 days. The median duration of existence of edema in the experimental group was in less time on 1.57 days in comparison with the control group. The median number of required managements of wound is reduced by 5.00 manipulations in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. The results of our study show that Bovhyaluronidaze azoximer can be recommended for use in the therapy of suppurative wounds.
Diatomic compounds in the soils of bee-farm and nearby territories in Samarskaya oblast
Authors: Zemskova N.Ye. , Fazlutdinova A.I. , Sattarov V.N. , Safiullinа L.M.
Published: November 2020

This article sheds light on the role diatomic algae in soils play in the assessment of bee farm and nearby territories in four soil and landscape zones in Samarskaya Oblast. The community of diatomic algae is characterized by low species diversity, of which 23 taxons were found. The most often found species are represented by Hantzschia amphioxys (Ehrenberg) Grunow in Cleve & Grunow and Luticola mutica (Kützing) D.G.Mann in Round et al. The maximum of phyla (18) were found in the buffer (transient) zone; in the wooded steppe zone, 11 species were recorded; in the steppe – 2 species, and in the dry steppe zone no species of diatomic algae were found. The qualitative and quantitative characteristics of diatomic algae communities in various biotopes depend on the natural and climate features of a territory and the degree of the anthropogenic impact on the soil and vegetation, which is proved by the fact that high species wealth signifies that the ecosystem is stable and resilient to the changing conditions in the environment, while poor algal flora is less resilient due to the lower degree of diversity.