bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA CONSTRUÇÃO E USO DO JOGO GEOTRILHA – DESVENDANDO O BIOMA CAATINGA PARA O ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA
Authors: Rolim Thayanne Xavier , Maciel Ana Beatriz Câmara
Published: February 2025

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar e analisar o processo de construção e aplicação do Jogo Geotrilha – Desvendando o Bioma Caatinga, bem como suas contribuições para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de conteúdos geográficos. A proposta de construção do referido jogo, aborda a temática referente as principais características geográficas do Bioma Caatinga. Os interlocutores dessa pesquisa são os discentes do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia, da turma de Estágio IV, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG) Campus Cajazeiras – PB. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram precedidos e subsidiados por pesquisas bibliográficas, trazendo reflexões e considerações sobre o uso de jogos didáticos como recurso metodológico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem e sobre as possibilidades de aprendizagem na construção do conhecimento geográfico a partir do uso desse recurso. A pesquisa também apresenta o percurso metodológico da construção do Jogo Geotrilha – Desvendando o Bioma Caatinga. Bem como, compreende as considerações e análises do processo de aplicação do jogo e do desenvolvimento geral da pesquisa. Os resultados alcançados com a construção e aplicação do jogo foram satisfatórios, proporcionando momentos de aprendizagem de maneira lúdica, dinâmica e agradável.
EVOLUÇÃO E TENDÊNCIAS DAS GEOTECNOLOGIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Rios de Carvalho Ana Paula , Chaves Joselisa Maria , Mendes de Souza Deorgia Tayane
Published: February 2025

O uso de Geotecnologias nas escolas é muito importante para ajudar no desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências que envolvem o pensamento espacial. O manuscrito discute o uso dessas ferramentas na Educação Básica (EB) ao longo do tempo em publicações de referências para identificar os avanços conceituais e metodológicos, verificar quais autores e instituições mais publicaram sobre o tema. A metodologia abrange uma revisão de literatura por meio de bibliometria e análise sistemática no período de 1985 a 2021 para mostrar a história e tendências de publicações relacionadas ao desenvolvimento do conhecimento dessa temática, bem como suas lacunas. Os principais resultados mostram que o crescimento da produção científica ocorreu a partir dos anos 2010. Os EUA é o país que lidera nessa produção desde à década de 1990, abrangendo o maior número de artigos, autores e instituições que publicam nessa área. GIS e Ensino de Geografia são os termos mais frequentes na rede de palavras-chave formada com os artigos analisados. Esta análise foi importante para apontar as carências de pesquisa e indicar implementação das Geotecnologias no Ensino Fundamental para que esta inclusão seja mais precoce na EB.
O ICMS ECOLÓGICO COMO POLÍTICA DE PRESERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Caus Francieli Regina , Leme Rosana Cristina Biral
Published: February 2025

Este artigo evidencia a importância da Política Pública do ICMS Ecológico para a manutenção da conservação e preservação ambiental. Destaca o caráter pioneiro do Estado do Paraná na implantação desta política pública, registra motivações e objetivos que impulsionaram sua criação, bem como, a relevância da distribuição de recursos financeiros por meio do incentivo fiscal para os municípios nela inseridos. Nesse contexto, problematiza pontos cruciais da PEC 45/2019, que trata da reforma tributária brasileira e, que em última instância, representava uma ameaça a manutenção da Política de ICMS Ecológico. Resulta dessa análise a alteração realizada pelo Senado Federal para garantir a continuidade do ICMS Ecológico e seu potencial para continuar estimulando o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas ambientais. A referida alteração poderá consolidar definitivamente essa política pública de incentivos fiscais e financeiros para os municípios que atendem os requisitos estabelecidos em lei fixado pelos Estados, além de ser ampliado para os que ainda não possuem.
PANORAMA E TENDÊNCIAS SOCIOECONÔMICA E AMBIENTAL DA CAFEICULTURA SOMBREADA AGROFLORESTAL NO MACIÇO DE BATURITÉ - CEARÁ – BRASIL
Authors: Alcantara Selma Maria Peixoto , De Araújo Rogério Cesar Pereira , Braga Francisco Laercio Pereira
Published: February 2025

O Ceará tem potencial para o cultivo de café sombreado agroflorestal, o qual se destaca como atividade econômica importante para a conservação ambiental e retorno financeiro. Apesar disso, tem-se observado desinteresse pela atividade, principalmente entre os produtores que tem a agricultura como renda principal. Diante disso, este estudo tem como objetivo analisar a produção cafeeira cearense, especificamente na região do Maciço de Baturité, a partir das tendências socioeconômica e ambiental dessa atividade. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, no qual utilizou-se de métodos qualiquantitativo para sua análise. São estes a análise bibliográfica, entrevistas não estruturadas com atores-chave e aplicação de questionários nos municípios de Aratuba, Baturité, Guaramiranga, Mulungu e Pacoti, localizados no Maciço de Baturité-Ceará, no período de 2020-2023. Os resultados mostram que a implementação de programas nacionais de modernização na região auxiliou no declínio da produção cafeeira, perdas de renda dos produtores e redução da representatividade econômica do café no Ceará. Esse cenário estimulou a reorganização produtiva, favorecendo o surgimento de associações e cooperativas na década de 1990 e início de 2000. A transição geracional na cafeicultura regional e o crescente papel feminino nas decisões produtivas ganha notoriedade, alinhando-se às tendências socioeconômicas e ambientais na produção de café.
ANÁLISIS MULTITEMPORAL Y DE PAISAJE DE LAS COBERTURAS ASOCIADAS A PLANTACIONES FORESTALES EN EL CENTRO-ORIENTE DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA
Authors: Bolaños Angie Daniela Rondón , Correa Jorge Andrés Ramírez , Chasqui Jesica Wendy Beltrán
Published: February 2025

A Colômbia apresenta florestas andinas de grande biodiversidade e complexidade estrutural, desempenhando um papel importante na paisagem da região. A paisagem é complementada por plantações florestais que fornecem uma ampla gama de funções ecológicas e benefícios diretos para a sociedade e o meio ambiente. Este estudo analisa as mudanças temporais nas coberturas associadas a plantações florestais entre 1987 e 2023 no sudoeste colombiano. Foi calculado o índice espectral de vegetação NDVI e a análise da paisagem foi realizada com os índices de área, forma, área central, borda, diversidade, distância ao vizinho mais próximo e conectividade. Os resultados mostram aumentos nos valores do NDVI. As coberturas mostraram mudanças significativas nas métricas de área e variabilidade de manchas, borda e áreas centrais e mostraram um padrão estável na complexidade da forma. Demonstra-se que as plantações podem desempenhar um papel importante na manutenção da conservação e biodiversidade de remanescentes de floresta nativa, permitindo a manutenção da conectividade entre fragmentos.
GEOECOLOGIA DO MAR LITORÂNEO E O USO SAZONAL PELO PEIXE-BOI MARINHO (TRICHECHUS MANATUS LINNAEUS, 1758) EM ICAPUÍ, CEARÁ
Authors: Moretz-Sohn Clarissa Dantas , Vasconcelos Amanda Maria de Oliveira , Silva Cristine Pereira Negrão , Garcez Danielle Sequeira
Published: February 2025

O peixe-boi marinho, pertencente à família Trichechidae (Ordem Sirenia), é um mamífero aquático herbívoro que ocorre em águas rasas, com abundância de vegetação e fontes de água doce, sendo a espécie Trichechus manatus (Linnaeus, 1758) classificada como “Vulnerável” pela União Internacional para Conservação da Natureza (UICN) e “Em Perigo” pela Lista Vermelha da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada de Extinção. Embora os mamíferos marinhos apresentem grande mobilidade e exista uma aparente falta de barreiras físicas no oceano, algumas espécies, como o peixe-boi, tem distribuição restrita, refletindo suas exigências ecológicas e seus centros de origem geográfica. No litoral leste do Ceará, ela é encontrada entre os municípios de Beberibe e Icapuí, sendo este último considerado uma importante área de ocorrência, pois reúne atributos geoecológicos essenciais à manutenção da espécie na região. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a frequência de utilização da praia de Picos, Icapuí (04°39’24”S / 37°26’59”O; 04°39’37”S / 37°25’58”O), por indivíduos de peixe-boi marinho descrevendo padrões de utilização espacial e temporal. Para visualização da distribuição dos animais, uma área de 1 km2 do mar litorâneo foi dividida arbitrariamente em quatro zonas (1, 2, 3 e 4). Realizou-se a análise paisagística da área de observação descrevendo-se os atributos geoecológicos de cada zona. O monitoramento foi realizado a partir de um ponto fixo instalado no topo da falésia na praia de Picos entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2012, três vezes por semana, com um esforço diário de seis horas (de 7 às 10 h e 13 às 16 h). As observações foram feitas a olho nu e com o auxílio de binóculos. O registro foi realizado por amostragem ad libitum contínua, observando-se todos os animais que surgiram durante cada período de monitoramento (manhã e tarde). A frequência de ocorrência dos indivíduos entre os meses monitorados variou entre 80 a 100%. O tempo total de avistagem ou tempo de permanência (TP) representou 43,5% do esforço amostral. O tempo de permanência médio dos indivíduos no local foi de 48,1 minutos, sugerindo que a praia de Picos é uma área de uso importante para a espécie que pode utilizá-la como habitat de forrageamento, alimentação, reprodução e descanso. Os indivíduos de peixes-bois marinhos apresentam ocorrência durante todo o ano na praia de Picos, porém com preferências sazonais por determinadas zonas (1 e 3), que apresentam características diferenciadas. As zonas 1 e 3 apresentam profundidade mais elevadas e maior proporção de substrato lamoso e de bancos de capim agulha do que as zonas 2 e 4. Esse estudo revelou informações sobre utilização do habitat do peixe-boi marinho, o que é relevante para direcionar novos estudos sobre uso de recursos e ecologia desses animais, e essencial para traçar estratégias de conservação e manejo.
COMPARTIMENTAÇÃO DE UNIDADES GEOECOLÓGICAS DA PAISAGEM DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIO PIRACANJUBA (GOIÁS, BRASIL)
Authors: Lima Rosana de Oliveira , De Faria Karla Maria Silva
Published: February 2025

Diante do intenso processo de ocupação que demanda e impõem a intensificação do uso do solo, a compartimentação das paisagens apresenta-se como um importante instrumento para o planejamento territorial. O objetivo da pesquisa foi, portanto, compartimentar a Bacia Hidrográfica do rio Piracanjuba, que por estar inserida no bioma Cerrado, representa as constantes modificações antrópicas que envolvem a substituição gradativa das áreas de pastagens pela agricultura predominantemente extensiva e irrigada. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram a análise da bacia em escala regional, com consideração das inter-relação entre os componentes que atuam no processo de formação da paisagem, portanto, em ambiente SIG foram integradas as variáveis de aspectos de relevo pré-selecionados, definiu-se intervalos de reclassificação e posterior análise dos demais aspectos geoecológicos. Foram identificadas sete unidades de relevo na paisagem que destacam a heterogeneidade do mosaico, o extenso uso da terra e a fragilidade dos aspectos fisiográficos das unidades, que demandam atenção especial em relação às intervenções para o uso da terra. Os resultados obtidos representam contribuições significativas para o planejamento ambiental, fornecendo informações essenciais que facilitam o entendimento da região e, consequentemente, constituem instrumentos valiosos para a tomada de decisões e a implementação de ações integradas na gestão de bacias hidrográficas.
El fenómeno de la interconectividad y la ciberseguridad
Authors: Núñez Robinson Rodolfo
Published: February 2025

No cabe duda de que el fenómeno de la interconectividad es sumamente útil: nos permite alcanzar nuestros objetivos y acceder a información de manera inmediata. Sin embargo, estamos poco conscientes del alto costo que conlleva, debido a las brechas y vulnerabilidades generadas por el crecimiento exponencial de las tecnologías digitales y su desarrollo, lo que amplía cada vez más el catálogo de activos susceptibles a ciberataques. La interconectividad es una realidad imparable, por lo que resulta imprescindible aprender a gestionar los riesgos cibernéticos desde una perspectiva técnica y con un enfoque interdisciplinario que nos permita comprender el objeto de estudio del Derecho de la Ciberseguridad. Con este propósito, en el presente trabajo se explicarán los riesgos y amenazas cibernéticas, así como la evolución internacional —tanto en normas internacionales, comunitarias, técnicas y de estandarización— de esta emergente rama jurídica. Posteriormente, se abordará el término ciberseguridad desde diversas perspectivas jurídicas en los países líderes en la materia, y se establecerán los principios y usos comerciales que deben respetarse al analizarla jurídicamente (lex artis), lo cual servirá como parámetro de control al examinar este tipo de casos.
La profesionalización política de la alta dirección territorial en el municipio de Popayán, Colombia, 2023
Authors: Guerrero García Adolfo León
Published: February 2025

El propósito del presente artículo, resultado de investigación, es suministrar una exposición sobre la profesionalización política de la alta dirección territorial, en clave de sus capacidades: experticia y competencias. A tal fin, en primer lugar, se identifica el marco teórico de la profesionalización política de la función pública, para luego analizar sus competencias en relación con su trayectoria, que mide la experiencia y la antigüedad en los cargos públicos y privados (por elección popular o por designación de confianza); sus responsabilidades en la gestión de las competencias de los servidores públicos (equipo de trabajo) a su cargo; y las áreas de educación formal o escolarización, actividades de formación, entre otros aspectos.
Public Company Auditing Around the Securities Exchange Act: Historical Lessons for ESG Assurance
Authors: Bourveau Thomas , Breuer Matthias , Koenraadt Jeroen K. G. , Stoumbos Robert
Published: February 2025

We describe the development of public company auditing in the U.S. in the early 20th century to gain perspective on current developments in environmental, social, and governance (ESG) assurance. Using a broad sample of historical annual reports spanning four decades, we document three facts: first, the spread of public company auditing occurred steadily over the span of several decades. Second, audit services were initially heterogeneous but became standardized through the audit profession’s efforts and interactions with private and public actors. Third, the role of regulation in those early developments was seemingly limited to codifying existing practices, as the first federal audit regulation was introduced only late in the development of the profession and did not significantly impact capital markets. Our historical evidence helps us understand how we arrived at today’s widely accepted and highly regulated financial audits. It uncovers parallels to and offers lessons for current developments in ESG assurance.

Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.

JEL Classifications: G18; G34; M42.
A Wave in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes Incidence after the Emergence of COVID-19: Peak and Trough Patterns in German Youth - A Population-Based Study from the Prospective Multicenter DPV Registry
Authors: Kamrath Clemens , J. Eckert Alexander , Lignitz Sarah , Hillenbrand Nikolas , Dost Axel , Warncke Katharina , Klose Daniela , Grohmann-Held Karina , W Holl Reinhard , Rosenbauer Joachim
Published: February 2025

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic (1,2). However, it is not known whether this increase is a persistent phenomenon, which would have significant implications for future patient care.

The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term incidence of childhood T1D in Germany during the nine years before and four years after the emergence of COVID-19.
Development and validation of patient-level Chinese Diabetes Outcome Model (CDOM) on long-term complications in type 2 diabetes – an application of the Hong Kong Diabetes Register (HKDR)
Authors: S.H. Lau Eric , Luk Andrea , Lim Lee-Ling , Jiang Wu Hong , Yang Aimin , P.S. Kong Alice , C.W. Ma Ronald , Ozaki Risa , Y.K. Chow Elaine , Tsang Chiu-Chi , O Chun-Kwun , Fu Amy , W. Gregg Edward , Clarke Philip , So Wing-Yee , N.M. Lui Juliana , C.N. Chan Juliana
Published: February 2025

Objective

Patient-level simulation models, mainly developed in Western populations, capture complex interactions between risk factors and complications to predict the long-term effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of novel treatments, while identify high-risk subgroups for personalized care. However, incidence of outcomes varies significantly by ethnicity and region. We used high-quality, patient-level register data to develop the Chinese Diabetes Outcomes Model (CDOM) for predicting incident and recurrent events in type-2 diabetes (T2D).

Research Design and Methods

CDOM was developed utilizing the prospective Hong Kong Diabetes Register (HKDR) cohort (n=21,453; median follow-up duration 7.9 years; 166,433 patient-years), and was externally validated with retrospective territory-wide cohort of Chinese patients with T2D attending Hong Kong publicly-funded diabetes centers and community clinics (n=176,120, follow-up duration: 7.2 years; 953,523 patient-years).

Results

CDOM predicted first and recurrent events with satisfactory performance during internal (C-statistics: 0.740-0.941) and external validation after calibration (C-statistics: 0.758-0.932). The respective values for cancer were 0.664 and 0.661. Subgroup analysis showed consistent performance during internal (C-statistics: 0.632-0.953) and external validation after calibration (C-statistics: 0.598-0.953).

Conclusion

The CDOM, developed utilizing comprehensive register data with long-term follow-up, is a robust tool for predicting long-term outcomes in Chinese patients with T2D. The model enables the identification of patient subgroups to design study and develop tailored novel treatment strategies, inform policy and guide practice to improve cost-effectiveness of diabetes care.
A path analysis of the healthcare utilization and services satisfaction among community-dwelling individuals with spinal cord injury in Malaysia
Authors: Zainudin Muhamad F. , Hashim Natiara M. , Zohdi Wan N.W.M. , Hasnan Nazirah , Engkasan Julia P.
Published: February 2025

Purpose: To explore healthcare utilization patterns and healthcare services satisfaction among individuals with spinal cord injury in Malaysia.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) Community Survey and involved 8 hospitals and 1 spinal cord injury organization. A total of 285 participants met the inclusion criteria. Subsequently, 6/11 sections of the InSCI questionnaire were analysed through a path analysis.
Results: The 3 most utilized healthcare providers reported were physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists (76.5%), physiotherapists (36.8%), and primary care physicians (27.4%). The top 3 most severe health problems reported were sexual dysfunction, muscle spasm and spasticity, and contractures. Healthcare services satisfaction was high. Health problems predicted healthcare utilization (β = 0.443), while activity limitation and participation restriction predicted healthcare services satisfaction (β = –0.202). The activity limitation and participation restriction in male participants was moderated by the spinal cord injury severity (B = 2.330, p  <  0.001) and health problems (B = 0.550, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: Individuals with spinal cord injury in Malaysia rely heavily on physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists, highlighting accessibility challenges due to the centralized specialized rehabilitation services. Sexual dysfunction remains a significant yet under-addressed health concern. Despite these issues, satisfaction with healthcare services is high.
Incidencia de los juegos web en el aprendizaje de matemáticas en la escuela 12 de Noviembre
Authors:   Universidad Técnica de Machala Ecuador, Vega Granda Andrea del Cisne
Published: February 2025

Hoy en día el aprendizaje de la cátedra de matemáticas resulta tedioso y es una de las principales dificultades para los estudiantes de educación básica; por ende, el objetivo del estudio es Analizar la incidencia de los juegos web de licencia libre en el aprendizaje de matemáticas en los estudiantes del quinto básico en la escuela 12 de Noviembre de la ciudad de Machala.

Se aplica una metodología del tipo mixta, tanto cualitativa como cuantitativa de corte longitudinal comparando las calificaciones antes y después de los refuerzos e indicadores en la evaluación del desempeño académico.

Entre los principales juegos se encuentran ajedrez, operaciones con opciones múltiples, rompecabezas, sudoku, conteos, entre otros. En las conclusiones se encuentra que al aprender jugando mantienen la atención, aprenden a su manera y ritmo ganando confianza e integrando los conocimientos previos reflejándose en un aumento del 60% en torno a las calificaciones anteriores en la prueba de diagnóstico.
The Role of Financial Institutions in Advancing Global Carbon Reduction Targets: A Literature Review.
Authors: Ukatu Chinaza , Achimugu Dolapo , Anaege Arinze
Published: February 2025

Financial institutions play a crucial role in advancing global carbon-reduction objectives by mobilizing capital to green investments, managing climate risk, and integrating ESG considerations in financial decisions. This study examines financial institutions' contribution to carbon-reducing objectives globally, concentrating on their function in green investment financing and their inclusion of climate risk in financial decisions. The paper adopts a comparative case study approach to compare green finance development in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America, observing the impact of regional systems of regulation, patterns of investments, and financial instruments. The analysis confirmed that there is a lead in green finance regulation and standardization in Europe, with EU Taxonomy and the European Green Deal guiding green investments. There is a dual reality in Asia, where there is a lead in green bond issuance in China and India, with fragmentation of regulation in other economies and a high reliance on fossil fuels. The analysis also confirmed that there is a high political risk and financing cost in Africa that inhibits access to climate finance, yet multilateral development banks facilitate closing gaps in investments. In America, there is a lead in ESG investing and carbon trading in North America, however, in Latin America, there is a challenge of volatility of economies and inconsistency of policies that inhibits green finance adoption. The analysis indicates that financial institutions should include climate risk in their lending decisions, and policymakers should also harmonize systems of regulation to scale up green finance and tackle climate change globally.
FE Analysis of a Deep Excavation in Santos Clay
Authors: Ortigao Alberto , Ribeiro Halley , Damasco-Penna Antonio , Sieira Ana Cristina
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a case history of an eight-metre-deep basement excavation in soft silty clay deposits in Santos, São Paulo, Brazil. The site consisted of a five-metre-thick sand layer overlying a twelve-metre-thick, soft clay layer, underlain by dense sands. A comprehensive geotechnical investigation, including CPTU, DMT, and laboratory testing, informed the initial design, which employed Plaxis for a five-metre-deep diaphragm wall-supported excavation. However, a subsequent unauthorised excavation of an additional three meters triggered significant wall displacements, necessitating emergency measures. The authors conducted additional Plaxis analyses to investigate this, modifying only the excavation depth while preserving the original soil models and parameters. The remarkably close agreement between predicted and observed wall displacements validated the accuracy of the numerical modelling approach. This case study underscores the critical importance of rigorous geotechnical design and the potential consequences of unanticipated excavations. The findings highlight the efficacy of Plaxis in predicting the geotechnical behaviour of deep excavations in soft clay conditions.
Prospects from Subordinate Unprivileged in Joseph O’Neill’s Novel Netherland
Authors: Rabouli Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Many immigrants, nonwhite residents and incomers in the post-9/11 period have found both American and British societies turning out to be less than welcoming hosts. Shedding light on this theme through close reading of the novel Netherland by Joseph O’Neill is the focus of this article. The main aim is to foreground the physical and psychological damages of the 9/11 attacks and how they have put immigrants in the international spotlight. The impact of the attacks explored in several novels ranges from politics and the economy to culture and the media. Because both the architects and committers of the attacks were of non-American origin and non-European origin, the governments in the West on both sides of the Atlantic started to consider non-white populations as a threat, bringing them under scrutiny. Considered a serious threat, these populations have been subjected to the new policy of scrutinization. Media, whether American or British, participated in expanding this policy of securitization picturing immigrants negatively and warning society about their status as potentially dangerous ‘others’. Our research method consists of assessing the Netherlands as a 9/11 novel and a cultural narrative which tells how American and British societies have turned out unwelcoming hosts in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. The profound material, cultural and psychological damage has given birth to a rich 9/11 literature that contests this demonizing of immigrant populations.
Modernization of active compensators of nonlinear distortion in the voltage of ship power station
Authors: Akhlestin Petr Vladimirovich , Popov Sergey Vasilevich , Khvatov Oleg Stanislavovich , Daryenkov Andrey Borisovich
Published: February 2025

. Nonlinear consumers of electrical energy of significant capacity when operating as part of a single marine electric power system (MEPS) have a strong impact on the quality of the generated voltage, which is characterized by various electrical parameters, including the coefficient of nonlinear distortion (KND). When powered from such a network, distortion of signals from radio navigation equipment and control systems may occur, reducing efficiency of electric motors, generator equipment and electric energy consumers, deterioration of cable networks, etc. By changing active and passive methods of compensating for nonlinear voltage distortions, the influence of nonlinear electric power consumers on the voltage quality of the generated electric power at the MEPS can be reduced. One of the effective ways of compensation is the use of an active nonlinear distortion compensator, which allows you to reduce the KND to values of 4-5%. The use of a two-channel measurement and control system in an active compensator based on a voltage-boosting device is an effective way to compensate for nonlinear distortions. A new, different from the known, block diagram of the nonlinear distortion compensator is proposed, on the basis of which a simulation model of the ship's electric power system was developed in the Simulink application package of the MatLab graphical simulation environment. Simulation modeling has shown that the use of a two-channel control and measurement system makes it possible to reduce the level of nonlinear voltage distortion of the generated electricity to 2-3%, with the power of nonlinear consumers not exceeding 60% of the power source. Increasing the power of the voltage-add transformer of the active compensator under the same conditions makes it possible to reduce the coefficient of nonlinear distortion by 0.5%.
The effect of the piston ring “lock” value on the performance of the new sealing of the parts of the marine diesel cylinder piston group
Authors: Matveev Yuriy Ivanovich , Kuritsyn Sergey Yur'evich , Kazakov Sergey Sergeevich , Zhamalov Rafik Rafailevich
Published: February 2025

Piston rings are one of the main parts of the cylinder piston group of an internal combustion engine. The operation of compression rings generally determines the reliability of the engine. Due to its versatility, these parts of the cylinder piston group ensure the efficient operation of the marine diesel engine. Piston rings do not provide absolute tightness of the combustion chamber. The passage of exhaust gases occurs for two reasons. Firstly, the presence of a thermal gap, called an annular “lock”. Secondly, due to the wear of the “mirror” of the cylinder. High temperatures and loads change the original geometric shape of the sleeve obtained during the production process. Since the life of the piston rings is less compared to the cylinder sleeve, their replacement and installation in a worn sleeve leads to gaps between the “mirror” of the cylinder and the working surface of the ring, which are eliminated by running-in during the run-in of the diesel engine. By eliminating the gaps between the “mirror” of the cylinder and the compression ring, an inevitable increase in the annular “lock” occurs due to lapping. Taking into account all operational aspects, a new seal was developed and tested to eliminate the influence of the ring “lock” on the performance of the marine diesel engine. An experiment was used as a research method. Experimental tests were carried out on a specialized stand that allows measuring the compression pressure in the combustion chamber in different operating modes, depending on the speed of rotation of the crankshaft. The test bench was based on the YaMZ-236 four-stroke engine. The tests were carried out in three stages. At the first stage, tests were carried out with standard sealing parts of the cylinder piston group. In the second stage, the new seal was tested. At the last stage, tests were carried out with piston rings, in which the “lock” was increased from 0.7 to 2.5 mm, in increments of 0.1 mm. The test results showed not only the high performance of the new seal with an enlarged annular “lock”, but also an increase in the efficiency of the new seal with an increased thermal gap by 16% relative to the standard seal of the parts of the cylinder piston group of marine diesel engines.
Improving the design methodology of shipboard pipeline systems, taking into account the compensatory capabilities during manufacture and installation
Authors: Sakhno Konstantin , Nguyen Thi Sen , Kalashnik Vladimir Yur'evich , Tsaloev Vladimir Muratovich , Vo Trung Quang
Published: February 2025

The issues of ensuring the reliability of design information on ship pipelines are considered, taking into account the specifics of manufacturing and installation of individual pipes. A critical analysis of the design process and technological preparation of pipeline routes is provided. The analysis is aimed at determining the conditions and possibilities for improving modern methods of designing pipeline systems by monitoring the relative positions of individual elements of the pipeline route, taking into account the error in pipe manufacturing. The necessary studies have been conducted, the possibility of using another method of tracing pipeline systems, using a pipe bending machine and the developed computer program, has been considered. The necessary conditions for increasing the number of pipes finally manufactured according to the design documentation have been identified. The possibility of using an assembly stand for installing joints on pipes with simultaneous compensation for bending errors has been shown. A method for assigning process tolerances in pipeline routes is proposed. The computer program developed during the studies allows for checking the values of the assigned gaps in the designed route from adjacent structures or adjacent pipelines. The main functions and capabilities of this program are considered. The use of this method of calculating deviations in order to identify the size of the controlled gap between the designed route and adjacent structures is demonstrated step by step. The use of the developed method allows tracing with minimal deviations in the specified directions of pipeline placement. The results of the conducted studies on improving the design methodology of ship pipeline systems expand the possibility of combining shipbuilding work, reducing the labor intensity of manufacturing pipeline routes and the timing of installation processes, which in turn reduces the time of ship construction.
Object-oriented modeling of ship propulsion systems
Authors: Grinek Anna Vladimirovna , Boychuk Igor Petrovich , Fishenko Artem Mihaylovich , Aleksyanc Sergey Yur'evich , Slepov Oleg Evgen'evich , Chirkov Evgeniy Nikolaevich
Published: February 2025

An example of using an object-oriented model of a propulsion system applicable to various vessels is given. The object-oriented approach to modeling makes it possible to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the use of the ship's electric power system. The analysis of various options for building a ship's electric power system is carried out using the example of existing domestic industrial developments. A systematic approach is applied to the classification of elements and structural units: primary motors, electric power converters, distribution elements, electric motors, propellers as the main consumers. The ship's electric power system is divided into three hierarchical levels. Each level is represented by a class of models, and connections and signals between the modeling levels are defined. An assessment of the dynamic state of the ship's electric power system was carried out when scenarios were considered: ship maneuver, engine start-up and shutdown, load on and off. The nature of transients in the “primary engine – generator” control system is shown: changes in mechanical quantities and signals in the electric power management system. The simulation also takes into account the mutual electromagnetic influence of the elements on each other. The nature of the transient process of the asynchronous electric motor of the thruster is determined when the vessel performs a maneuver. The given model allows us to estimate the range of values during transients in the ship's electric power system. The calculated values can be used in shipboard control and protection systems. The possibility of implementing an integrated approach to modular and level-based system modeling is shown: modeling the dynamics of disturbances, system elements and control automation. A remote model laboratory of the ship's electric power system can also be implemented using an integrated approach.
influência do uso não residencial no deslocamento a pé
Authors: Olak André Silva , Kanashiro Milena , Rodrigues Eloísa Ribeiro
Published: February 2025

A caminhabilidade refere-se à qualidade do ambiente urbano que favorece a caminhada como meio de deslocamento, sendo cada vez mais reconhecida como uma característica desejável no planejamento urbano contemporâneo. Estudos recentes indicam que a diversidade do uso do solo e a configuração urbana desempenham papel fundamental no estímulo ao deslocamento a pé. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar, por meio de um estudo empírico no município de Rolândia (PR), considerado de porte médio e representativo da maioria das cidades paraenses, a influência dessas variáveis no deslocamento a pé. Para tanto, dados provenientes de uma pesquisa de origem e destino foram organizados em plataformas de geoprocessamento, permitindo a análise da relação entre o uso do solo e a configuração urbana, em diferentes escalas. Os resultados de modelos estatísticos de regressão indicaram que essas características explicam aproximadamente 30% do deslocamento a pé. A pesquisa contribui para uma melhor compreensão dos fatores que compõem a caminhabilidade e oferece subsídios importantes para o debate sobre o desenvolvimento de cidades mais sustentáveis, tanto do ponto de vista econômico quanto social e ambiental.
Retrospective Analysis of Histopathological Reports of Salivary Gland Pleomorphic Adenomas in Tanzania
Authors:   Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Sohala Karpal Singh ,   Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Published: February 2025

Background: Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign tumor representing about 80% of all salivary gland tumors. Despite this, there is limited documentation of the demographic information and pattern of PA in Tanzania. This study retrospectively determines the demographic information and the pattern of presentation of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland among patients managed at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.
Methods: This was a retrospective study of histological results of salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma diagnosed between 2016 and 2021. The information gathered included the age and sex of the patient and the anatomical location. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 computer program.
Results: Out of 1824 reports of patients with oral and maxillofacial lesions retrieved from the archives of the department, 62 (3.4%) had the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands. The patients’ ages at diagnosis ranged from 7 to 72 years, with a mean age of 39.9 (SEM = 2.3) years. The male-to-female ratio of patients diagnosed with pleomorphic adenoma was 1:1. There were 31 (50%) cases of pleomorphic adenomas affecting major salivary glands. The palatal minor salivary glands were the most (n=31, 50%) affected followed by the parotid gland (n=16, 25.8%).
Conclusion: Pleomorphic adenomas have no sex predilection, most of these lesions occur during the 3rd to 5th decade of life. The majority of pleomorphic adenomas occur in the palatal minor salivary glands.
Predictors of Colorectal Resection and Primary Anastomosis outcome at Muhimbili National Hospital
Authors:   Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, Masea Jumanne Omari
Published: February 2025

Background: Anastomotic leakage is among the most common complications after bowel resection and primary anastomosis, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. As a result it tends to affect the quality of life and increase burden to the patients and caretakers. This study focused on the assessment of the predictors and outcome of anastomotic leakage among patients who underwent large bowel surgery that involved resection and primary anastomosis.
Methodology: Hospital based prospective observational study at Muhimbili National Hospital. Data of the patients who underwent colorectal resection and primary anastomosis were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Consecutive recruitment sampling technique was applied to get the required sample size and followed for 30 days. Subjects’ information including age, sex, perioperative information was documented and analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 software.
Results: The study included 141 participants. Among those operated, 23 (16.3%) developed anastomotic leakage with a mortality rate of 30.4%. Predictors which were statistically significantly associated with anastomotic leakage were hypertension, body mass index > 30kg/m2, history of radiation therapy, female sex, high American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade III-IV score and peritonitis. Increased length of hospital stay, re-admission and re-operation rate together with high mortality are among the outcomes of anastomotic leakage found in this study. No loss to follow up event occurred.
Conclusion: Anastomotic leakage remains a considerable problem among patients undergoing large bowel surgery at Muhimbili National Hospital. From the study site, factors such as peritonitis, HIV/AIDS, hypertension, history of radiation, obesity, high ASA score (III-IV) and female sex were found to be independent predictors of anastomotic leakage. Optimization of co-morbidities conditions before surgery, choosing best surgical option such as creating temporary stoma versus primary anastomosis in dirty wound may help to reduce the rate of anastomotic leakage.
Scooping Review of Diabetes Research in Kenya from 2000 to 2020
Authors:   School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK, Manyara Anthony Muchai ,   bGlobal Health and Ageing Research Unit, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Musotsi Protus
Published: February 2025

Background: The prevalence of diabetes is on the rise globally, with likely disproportionate increase in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya, diabetes has been acknowledged as one of the top non-communicable diseases needing prevention and control. Research can contribute to diabetes prevention and control: however, the landscape of diabetes research in Kenya remains understudied.
Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Google Scholar and ProQuest were searched for relevant articles. We included studies on humans, reporting on any type of diabetes, conducted in Kenya between 2000 to 2020.
Results: From the search, 983 records were retrieved out of which 102 met the study inclusion criteria. Most studies were facility based (71%) cross sectional (65%) and descriptive (71%) conducted in Nairobi (38%) between 2013-2020 (82%), focused on diabetes control, (71%) and funded by organisations/institutions from high income countries (73%).
Conclusion: Despite the recent increase in research outputs, there is still limited diabetes research being conducted in Kenya necessitating more research in the country and particularly outside Nairobi to inform prevention and control efforts. Specifically, more focus should be given to etiological and intervention studies (which use longitudinal and randomised controlled trial designs), community-based and public health research. Finally, increased local funding for diabetes research is required.
Faith, Language, and Identity: The Role of Education in the Americanization of “Syrians” in the United States, 1880–1928
Authors: Nicoll Fergus
Published: February 2025

This article seeks to address a significant lacuna in Arab American Studies in respect of the role played by primary, secondary, and adult education in the integration of hundreds of thousands of mainly Christian immigrants from the Ottoman Levant between the 1890s and the late 1920s. The article begins by discussing the context in which US federal authorities sought to assimilate and “Americanize” these new immigrants through the education of adults and minors in a rapidly evolving public education system, also addressing the developing role of charitable, parochial, and other private schools within the nascent Arab American community. At the heart of national policy was a concern, voiced particularly loudly during the second half of World War I, that the loyalty of immigrants to their new country had to be embedded through a deliberate inculcation of common American values. The education system, in its various forms, bore the brunt of this work. This ideological policy, however, often came into conflict with a countermovement of cultural pluralism, through which it was attempted to retain or reclaim intellectual, cultural, and social legacies from the migrants’ countries of origin. After tackling this wider context, the article focuses on the disparate communities of Arabic-speaking immigrants, from New York to states such as Michigan, Mississippi, Nebraska, and California. Within this heterogenous but, initially at least, mainly Christian diaspora, an intense debate took place throughout the first quarter of the twentieth century over these questions of Americanization, race, identity, the desirability, speed, and comprehensiveness of assimilation, and the extent to which the language and cultural legacy of the mother country would have to be sacrificed in becoming American. These debates, focused on education, shaped the self-view of the nascent diaspora community in ways that lasted until the more nationally diverse “second wave” of post-World War II Arab immigration.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Pemeriksaan Antenatal Ibu Hamil dengan Kepatuhan Kunjungan Pemeriksaan Kehamilan di Puskesmas Cimpaeun Depok
Authors: Ismail Mutiara Ayu , Marindawati Mieke , Sugiarto Sugiarto , Sunarto Agus
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Pemeriksaan antenatal adalah pemeriksaan komprehensif yang diberikan kepada ibu hamil dan harus dilakukan secara rutin dan sesuai standar agar membantu target global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) menurunkan angka kematian ibu. Kepatuhan dalam melakukan kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan bisa dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunya pengetahuan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan pemeriksaan antenatal dengan kepatuhan kunjungan ibu hamil di Puskesmas Cimpaeun Depok. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian dilakukan di Puskesmas Cimpaeun Depok pada bulan November-Desember 2023. Penilaian pengetahuan dengan menggunakan mean dari skor responden. Sedangkan kepatuhan kunjungan dilihat dari kesesuaian standar minimal ANC sebanyak 4 kali, yang nanti terbagi menjadi Teratur dan Tidak Teratur.  Hasil: Dengan teknik purposive sampling didapatkan 30 responden. 22 responden (73,3%) berusia 20-35 tahun, 1 responden (3,3%) berusia 20 tahun, 7 responden (23,3%) berusia 35 tahun. Tingkat pendidikan SD 6 orang (20%), SLTP 9 orang (30%), SLTA 13 orang (43,3%), dan Perguruan Tinggi 2 orang (6,7%). Responden primigravida 6 orang (20%) sedangkan multigravida 24 orang (80%). Responden pengetahuan tinggi 18 orang (60%) dan pengetahuan rendah 12 responden (40%). Sebanyak 17 responden (56,7%) melakukan kunjungan antenatal teratur dan 13 responden (43,4%) tidak. Pada uji chi square terhadap pengetahuan dan kepatuhan kunjungan pemeriksaan kehamilan didapat hasil p 0,000. Simpulan: Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil, semakin teratur kunjungan pemeriksaan antenatal dan hal ini bermakna secara statistik.
Educational Quality: A Systematic Review Using the Prisma Method
Authors: Benavides Luis Alfonso Muñoz , Rodríguez Alberto Vianey Trujillo
Published: February 2025

Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review on educational quality, analyzing its dimensions from educational effectiveness and efficiency.
 
Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the evolution of the educational quality concept in Latin America, starting from access and coverage policies to the current focus on learning outcomes and comprehensive development.
 
Method: Qualitative documentary research with systematic review following the PRISMA methodology.
 
Results and Discussion: Findings reveal that educational quality should not be limited to standardized tests but should consider socio-formative and contextual aspects.
 
Research Implications: This study provides an updated theoretical foundation on the multidimensional understanding of educational quality, useful for developing educational policies and pedagogical practices.
 
Originality/Value: The research offers a comprehensive and updated vision of educational quality, surpassing traditional approaches focused solely on quantitative measurements to include qualitative and contextual aspects of the educational process.