bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic revision of the askoldella species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera: Adelidae)
Authors: Kozlov Mikhail V.
Published: July 2010

A group of externally very similar, grey species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, whose females possess a brush of dark scales at the middle of their antenna, is revised. Five species of this group, all distributed in South-East Asia, are recognized: N. griseella (Walsingham) sp. rev. [= cyphozona (Meyrick) syn. n. ; = tricrates (Meyrick) syn. n.] from India, Burma and Nepal; N. ichnodesma (Meyrick) comb. n. from India and W Malaysia; N. cassiterites (Meyrick) comb. n. from India only; N. askoldella (Millière) [= irroratella (Christoph) ; = niphites (Meyrick) syn. n.] from China, S Korea, Japan, Khabarovsk and Primorye regions of Russia; N. chionites (Meyrick) comb. n. from India and Thailand. Data on all primary types are provided; lectotypes are designated where necessary. The monophyly of the group and the relationships of its species are discussed. Keys to species based on external characters and male genitalia are provided; adults and male genitalia are described and illustrated.
Collembola of the Canary Islands. II. Family Odontellidae
Authors: Fjellberg Arne
Published: July 2010

Five species and two genera of Odontellidae are reported from the Canary Islands. Two species are described as new: Axenyllodes microphthalmus sp. n. and Axenyllodes nematodes sp. n. A supplementary description is given to Pseudostachia populosa (Selga).
Immature stages of two European species of the subgenus Meloehelea (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), with keys to the European subgenera of Atrichopogon
Authors: Gilka Wojciech , Anthon Henning , Szadziewski Ryszard
Published: July 2010

Larvae and pupae of Atrichopogon winnertzi Goetgebuer and A. oedemerarum StorÅ are described and illustrated. Larvae of both species are terrestrial and associated with rotting pine wood. Diagnoses are given for all stages. Immature stages of A. oedemerarum are described for the first time. A. meloesugans Kieffer, 1922 is recognized as a junior synonym of A. winnertzi Goetghebuer, 1922. Keys are provided to European subgenera of Atrichopogon based on all stages.
Ophiolechia, a new genus of Neotropical Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera)
Authors: Sattler Klaus
Published: July 2010

Ophiolechia gen. n., a Neotropical genus occurring in Brazil, Ecuador, Paraguay and Argentina, is described and its systematic position is discussed together with some general aspects of gelechiid morphology. Two new generic combinations are introduced, twelve species are newly described and four further species are discussed but not named. Keys to the species are provided, based on the male and female genitalia, and the adults and their genitalia are described and illustrated.
Revision of the Nearctic species of Elachista I. The tetragonella group (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae)
Authors: Kaila Lauri
Published: July 2010

The Elachista tetragonella group is redefined, its limits extended to include the genus Biselachista Traugott-Olsen & Nielsen, 1977. The North American species of the tetragonella group are described and illustrated, and a key is given to the males. 19 species are recognized in the Nearctic region, including 12 new species: Elachista pyrrha (Alberta), E. absaroka (Wyoming), E. calusella (Florida), E. beothucella (Newfoundland), E. glenni (Illinois), E. cerasella (Nebraska), E. serra (Labrador), E. huron (Quebec), E. vinlandica (Newfoundland), E. ciliiyera (Mississippi), E. lenape (New Jersey) and E. pelaena (California). The male of E. inaudita Braun and the female of E. leucosticta Braun are described for the first time. Elachista eleochariella Stainton and E. albidella Nylander (= E. tanyopis Meyrick, syn. n.) are recognized as Holarctic species.
Taxonomy and distribution of Lasiopogon montanus Schiner and L. bellardii Jaennicke (Diptera: Asilidae), two common robber flies from the mountains of Western and Central Europe
Authors: Cannings Robert A.
Published: July 2010

The taxonomic status of Lasiopogon montanus Schiner and L. bellardii Jaennicke is clarified. New diagnostic characters from the internal male genitalia conclusively separate the two species. In particular, the gonostylus apex is long and sickle-shaped in L. bellardii and shorter and toothed in L. montanus. Thus, L. bellardii is not a synonym of L. montanus as has usually been supposed, but is a distinct species found predominantly in the Alps, with only two specimens known from the Balkans. L. montanus is more widespread, ranging from the Alps east to Romania and south to Albania and Greece. Lectotypes of both species are designated.
A review of the Thaumaleidae (Diptera: Culicomorpha) of eastern North America, including a redefinition of the genus Androprosopa Mik
Authors: Sinclair Bradley J.
Published: July 2010

The genus Androprosopa Mik (Diptera: Thaumaleidae) is redefined and expanded to include 51 species. Adult, pupa, and final-instar larva of the eastern North American species of Androprosopa americana (Bezzi) comb. n., A. thornburghae (Vaillant) comb. n., A. vaillantiana sp. n., and Thaumalea verralli Edwards (new Nearctic record) are described and illustrated. New records of Trichothaumalea elakalensis Sinclair also are provided. Keys to adult males, pupae, and larvae for all five eastern Nearctic species are included.
Taxonomic revision of Paramyiolia Shiraki (Diptera: Tephritidae) with analyses of their phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Han Ho-Yeon
Published: July 2010

The previously monotypic genus, Paramyiolia Shiraki, is redefined based on the type species, P. takeuchii Shiraki, plus three species formerly known as Anomoia cornuta Ito, Myoleja rhino Steyskal, and Myoleja nigricornis (Doane). A key to the species, descriptions and illustrations are presented, and their phylogenetic relationships are analyzed. Paramyiolia is here placed in the Chetostoma group (Trypetinae, Trypetini), which includes four additional genera: Anomoia Walker, Chetostoma Rondani, Myoleja Rondani (s. str.), and Montiludia Ito. Hypothesized synapomorphies for the Chetostoma group are also discussed. In addition, the taxonomic status of New World tephritids formerly placed in Myoleja is clarified, resulting in the following nomenclatural changes: transfer of Myoleja limata (Coquillett), Acidia fallax Johnson, and Hamouchaeta ogloblini Blanchard to Parastenopa Hendel and synonymization of Hamouchaeta Blanchard with Parastenopa.
A revision of the southern African family Prototheoridae (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea)
Authors: Ray Davis Donald
Published: July 2010

The systematics and external morphology of the southern African family Prototheoridae are reviewed. A single genus, Prototheora, is recognized, with the former genus Metatheora synonymized. Eleven species are recognized, including five new species: angolae, biserrata, drackensbergae, geniculata, and merga. In addition, two possibly new species represented only by female specimens are described but not named. A key to the species of Prototheora is provided, as well as a preliminary analysis of their relationships. The family is considered to be one of the most basal lineages in the Hepialoidea and can be partially destinguished from related families by several plesiomorphic characters including the retention of three segmented maxillary palpi (plesiomorphic within Hepialoidea), simple antenna, generalized leg structure with a complete set of tibial spurs (0-2-4), and a single row of abdominal spines on A3-7 of the pupa. Possible synapomorphies involve the lateral sclerotization of the suspensorium and the extreme development of a conjugal process from sternum IX of the female which may lock into a conjugal pouch usually formed by the male trulleum and juxta. The family occurs predominantly within two highly divergent, South African floristic zones, the Capensis, or Fynbos dominated Cape Flora, and the southern Afromontane zone, characterized by mostly temperate, evergreen forests. Most species occur within the Capensis, and all but three (P. angolae from central Angola and P. drackensbergae and parachlora from Natal) are restricted to Cape Province, mostly in or south of the Cape Folded Belt mountain ranges. Their life history remains unknown.
Asianellus, a new genus of the subfamily Aelurillinae (Araneae: Salticidae)
Authors: Logunov Dmitri V. , Hęciak Stefania
Published: July 2010

A new genus, Asianellus gen. n., is proposed to accommodate the festivus species group of Aelurillus Simon (or Phlegra Simon). Four species are recognized: Asianellus festivus (C.L. Koch), comb. n. (= pichoni Schenkel, syn. rev.); A. potanini (Schenkel), comb. n.; A. ontchalaan sp. n.; and A. kazakhstanicus sp. n. Descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all species.
Descriptions of new Amphiacustae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae). I. Genera Nemoricantor, Arachnopsita, Mayagryllus and Prolonguripes
Authors: Desutter-Grandcolas Laure
Published: July 2010

New species of Amphiacustae (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) are described in the genera Nemoricantor Desutter-Grandcolas & Hubbell, 1993 (N. dirussoi sp. n., N. lanquinensis sp. n. ), Arachnopsita Desutter-Grandcolas & Hubbell, 1993 (A. florensis sp. n., A. uncinata sp. n.), Prolonguripes Desutter-Grandcolas, 1993 (P. giganteus sp. n., P. izabalae sp. n., P. microxipha sp. n.) and Mayagryllus Desutter-Grandcolas & Hubbell, 1993 (M. petenensis sp. n.). The following species are redefined and illustrated: N. maya (Hubbell, 1938) (Amphiacusta), N. spectrum (Walker, 1869) (Phalangopsis) and P. phalangium (Saussure, 1874) (Amphiacusta). Additional information is thus provided on the taxa distributions: Nemoricantor is known from Southern Mexico to Costa Rica, Arachnopsita from Guatemala, Prolonguripes from Guatemala and Honduras, and Mayagryllus from Southern Mexico, Guatemala and Belize. For each genus a key is proposed for species identification.
The identity and systematic placement of Pechipogo plumigeralis Hübner, [1825], Herminia crinalis Treitschke, 1829 and H. simplicicornis Zerny, 1935 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Herminiinae)
Authors: Yela José L. , Honey Martin R. , Ronkay Laszló
Published: July 2010

Two distinct species of herminiine noctuids that occur sympatrically in parts of southern Europe and North Africa are currently known as Pechipogo plumigeralis Hübner, [ 1825] and Polypogon crinalis (Treitschke, 1829). However, these names are synonymous, being based upon the same Hübner figure (that of Pyralis barbalis Clerck sensu Hübner, 1796). The second species is here identified as Herminia simplicicornis Zerny, 1935, a species described from North Africa and not previously recognised as part of the European fauna. The identity and generic placing of the two species is discussed, based on characters of the genitalia, palpi and forelegs, many of which are described and figured for the first time. A full historic synonymy with diagnostic description is provided for both species. Lectotypes are designated for all three named taxa and the following nomenclatural changes are established: Polypogon plumigeralis (Hübner, [1825]) (comb. n.), = Polypogon crinalis (Treitschke, 1829) (syn. rev.); Pechipogo simplicicornis (Zemy, 1935) (comb. n.); Polypogon Schrank, 1802, = Microphta Berio, 1989 (syn. n.), = Gryphopogon Beck, 1996 (syn. n.); and Zanclognatha Lederer, 1857, = Treitschkendia Berio, 1989 (syn. n.), = Zellerminia Beck, 1996 (syn. n.).
Systematics and biology of the Aphalara exilis (Weber & Mohr) species assemblage (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: Burckhardt Daniel , Lauterer Pavel
Published: July 2010

The species of an ill-defined assemblage centred around Aphalara exilis are revised. Two species, viz. A. siamensis and A. taiwanensis, are described as new and three species are synonymised (A. soosi with A. exilis, A. kunashirensis with A. itadori, and A. augusta with A. fasciata). A neotype is designated for Tettigonia exilis, a lectotype is designated for Aphalara rumicis Mally, and Aphalara ulicis is removed from synonymy with Aphalara calthae. The species are diagnosed, illustrated and keyed. The revision of types of A. polygoni, the type species of Aphalara, showed that it had been misinterpreted and that it corresponds to A. rumicicola Klimaszewski which is synonymised with it. A. polygoni auct. nec Foerster is described as A. freji sp. n. A list is given of the 37 currently recognised valid species of Aphalara with their distributions and host plants, and of 4 nomina dubia. A cladistic analysis using PAUP yielded 5 most parsimonious trees suggesting that Aphalara contains six monophyletic species groups (the itadori (2 spp.), siamensis (1 sp.), exilis (7 spp.), rumicis (2 spp.), maculipennis (4 spp.) and calthae (21 spp.) groups). Biogeographical aspects are analysed in terms of area relationships (BPA), ancestral areas (methods of Bremer and Ronquist) and dispersal (cladistic subordinateness). Four species groups are restricted to the palaearctic, one to the nearctic and only one occurs in both. It is concluded that vicariance events may have occurred in the palaearctic but that the presence in the nearctic is probably due to dispersal. The east palaearctic is likely to have been part of the ancestral area of Aphalara. Three of the species groups are monophagous on Polygonum, two on Rumex and one is polyphagous on Polygonaceae (Polygonum, Rumex), Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Primulaceae and Ranunculaceae. Polygonum is the likely ancestral host association of Aphalara; Rumex has been colonised independently at least three times.
Revision and systematic position of the intertidal genus Thinusa Casey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)
Authors: Ahn Kee-Jeong
Published: July 2010

A systematic revision of the genus Thinusa is presented. Thinusa Casey is redescribed. Thinusa fletcheri Casey and T. maritima (Casey) are redescribed. Lectotype and paralectotypes are designated for T. divergens, T. nigra, T. robustula, T. fletcheri, T. obscura and T. maritima from Casey's syntype series deposited in the NMNH. A key is provided for separation of the known species of Thinusa and illustrations of diagnostic features are presented. Based on maxilla with membranous galea, labium with bifid ligula, distributional pattern of pores on mandibles and lacinia, and anterior margin of abdominal tergites III-VI deeply and broadly V-shaped, and athetine bridge, Thinusa is hypothesized to be related to the tribe Athetini rather than the tribe Phytosini. Phylogenetic relationships of the Thinusa are discussed.
A preliminary revision and cladistic analysis of the Ethiopian species of Ematheudes (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae: Peoriini)
Authors: Shaffer Jay C.
Published: July 2010

Covered are 30 species of Ethiopian Ematheudes, including 23 new species: E. convexus, E. crenulatus, E. dewittei, E. elysium, E. erectus, E. forficatus, E. hamatus, E. hispidus, E. kenyaensis, E. lusingensis, E. maculescens, E. megacantha, E. michaelshafferi, E. natalensis, E. pollex, E. quintuplex, E. setigera, E. sinuosus, E. strictus, E. triangularus, E. trimaculosus, E. togoensis, E. toxalis. Brief treatment is also given to the type species, the Palearctic Chilo punctellus Treitschke. The Asian Prnavitheudes Amsel, 1961 (type species: P. persicella Amsel) is synonymized with Ematheudes and Patna rhizolineata Bradley, 1980 is transferred to Ematheudes. The latter species is the only Ematheudes for which a host plant is known, the larvae having been reared from rhizomes of Sorghum halepense in Pakistan. Commotria erythrograpta Hampson is synonymized with E. neurias (Hampson); Patna venatella Hampson is synonymized with E. rhodochroa (Hampson); E. lentistrigulis Hampson is synonymized with E. straminella Snellen. Photographs of wing patterns are provided for 28 species, of male genitalia for all 30 species, and of female genitalia for 5 species. All these structures are also illustrated for the type species, E. punctellus. A cladistic analysis using Hennig86 yielded one tree with a consistency index of 28. A key to the species is provided.
Checklist and key of New World species of Omiodes Guenée with descriptions of four new Costa Rican species (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Gentili Patricia , Solis M. Alma
Published: July 2010

Omiodes Guenée is redescribed based on all New World species, including the type species O. humeralis Guenée. Four new species from Costa Rica, O. janzeni sp. n., O. hallwachsae sp. n., O. sirena sp. n., O. ochracea sp. n., are described. Ten new synonymies are established : Phostria disciiridescens Hampson is =O. croeceiceps (Walker), Phostria cayennalis Schaus is =O. grandis (Druce), Omiodes ochrosoma Felder & Rogenhofer and Phryganodes gazalis Schaus are =O. pandaralis (Walker), Nacoleia lenticurvalis Hampson, Phryganodes anchoritalis Dyar, and Phostria duplicata Kaye are =O. confusalis (Dognin), O. cervinalis Amsel is =O. martvralis (Lederer), Nacoleia indicata ab. pigralis Dognin and Botis fortificalis Möschler are =O. metricalis (Möschler). One new combination is recognized: O. pandaralis (Walker) was transferred from Coelorhynchidia Hampson. A key and an updated checklist to the neotropical Omiodes species is provided, including O. indicata (Fabricius), a worldwide pest. Ten species that do not belong in Omiodes are retained until appropriate generic placements are identified.
A taxonomic revision of the Scopariinae from the Macaronesian Region (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae)
Authors: Nuss Matthias , Karsholt Ole , Meyer Marc
Published: July 2010

Sixteen scopariine species and two subspecies, of which five are undescribed, occur on the archipelagos of the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Is., and the Cape Verde Is. Four new species, Scoparia carvalhoi sp. n., Eudonia shafferi sp. n., E. parviangusta sp. n., E. geminoflexuosa sp. n., and one new subspecies Eudonia lineola dorada ssp. n., are described. Seven species are transferred to the genus Eudonia Billberg: E. interlinealis (Warren, 1905) comb. n., E. luteusalis (Hampson, 1907) comb. n., E. melanographa (Hampson, 1907) comb. n., E. stenota (Wollaston, 1858) comb. n., E. scoriella (Wollaston, 1858) comb. n., E. lindbergalis (Viette, 1958) comb. n., and E. decorella (Stainton, 1859) comb. n. The status of Eudonia lineola tufirella (Chrétien, 1908) stat. n. is changed from species to subspecies. Eudonia decorella (Stainton, 1859) comb. n., sp. rev., formerly regarded as synonym of E. stenota, is confirmed as a valid species. Five new junior synonyms of Eudonia species are given: Scoparia coeruleotincta Hampson, 1917 syn. n. of Eudonia lineola tafirella, Scoparia wollastoni Bethune-Baker, 1894 syn. n. of Eudonia scoriella, Scoparia maderensis Rebel, 1939 syn. n. of Eudonia decorella, Scoparia imparilis Dyar, 1929 syn. n. of Eudonia angustea, and Scoparia virescens Rebel, 1896 syn. n. of Eudonia lineola. Eight lectotypes are designated. The taxonomic and chorological results indicate that the colonisation of the archipelagos took place by passive dispersal on the ocean surface currents and winds. Each archipelago has endemic scopariine species and the number of endemic species increases in proportion to growing distance from the continents. The ancestors of the Azorean Scoparia species were of nearctic origin, while the species of Madeira and the Canary Is. show affinities to Europe and northern Africa, except that E. scoriella from Madeira Is. seems to be of nearctic origin. E. lindbergalis from the Cape Verde Archipelago show similarities to E. lineola, E. parviangusta and E. geminoflexuosa from the Canary Is. The successful colonisation of oceanic islands by Scopariinae seems to be correlated with the prerequisites: dispersal ability, adaptation to a humid climate, and mosses and lichens as larval food.
Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics
Authors: Adler Peter H. , Malmqvist Björn , Yixin Zhang
Published: July 2010

A chromosomal and morphological study of the black flies of northern Sweden revealed six genera and 47 species, of which 12 species represent new records for the country. The total number of species now recorded from Sweden is 61. Cnephia eremites is recorded from the Palearctic Region for the first time. New chromosomal information is provided for about 40% of the species in northern Sweden. A lectotype is designated for Simulium annulitarse which is shown to be a member of the S. tuberosum species group. The northern Swedish fauna is dominated by the genus Simulium (81 %) and by mammalophilic species (49%). Approximately 34% of the species in northern Sweden have a Holarctic distribution.
External morphology of the last instar larva of Phauda mimica Strand, 1915 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea)
Authors: Yen Shen-Horn , Naumann Clas M. , Fänger Harald
Published: July 2010

The external morphology of last instar larvae of Phauda mimica Strand, 1915, from Taiwan is described. The slug-like larvae are glossy brownish white in coloration. Dorsally they are covered by a tergal cap consisting of a dense mesh of irregularly interwoven silk fibres with additional cellular elements and hardened incrustations. This peculiar structure is not known from other Lepidoptera. According to the present morphological findings, the genus (along with allied genera) does probably not belong to the Zygaenidae, as hitherto suggested, but rather represents the sister group of the limacodid-group families currently comprising the (Megalopygidae/Somabrachyidae + (Aididae + (Dalceridae + Limacodidae))).
A further new species of Phoridae (Diptera) whose larvae associate with large spiders (Araneae: Theraphosidae)
Authors: Disney R.H.L. , Weinmann D.
Published: July 2010

A series of adult flies were reared from larvae living on the carapace of a spider, Pamphobeteus vespertinus (Simon), from Ecuador. These are described and named Megoselia tinteri Disney sp. n. This is a sibling species of M. dimorphica Disney and M. praedafura Disney, whose larvae also live on Theraphosidae in South America.
Revision of the mirine genus Castanopsides Yasunaga from the eastern Asia (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Yasunaga Tomohide
Published: July 2010

Nine species of the mirine plant bug genus Castanopsides Yasunaga from eastern Asia are revised. The majority of Castanopsides species appear to be oak-inhabitants. Four new species arc diagnosed and described: Castanopcides takaii sp. n. from Japan and Taiwan, and C. gotohi sp. n., C. montanus sp. n. and C. taiwanus sp. n. from Taiwan. New combinations of four species previously placed in Arbolygus Kerzhner are proposed: Castanopsides potanini (Reuter) comb. n., C. dasypterus (Reuter) comb. n., C. kerzhneri (Kerzhner) comb. n. and C. falkovitshi (Kerzhner) comb. n. All previously described taxa are diagnosed and redescribed, and a key is provided to distinguish the species. The zoogeography and phylogeny of the Castanopsides species are discussed.
A revision of Neurobezzia Wirth & Ratanaworabhan and Neurohelea Kieffer, with a description of a new genus and discussion of their phylogenetic relationships (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Authors: Borkent Art
Published: July 2010

The genus Neurohelea Kieffer is restricted to its type species, N. luteitarsis (Waltl) and is returned to the Heteromyiini. The Nearctic species previously recognized as Neurohelea nigra Wirth and N. macroneura (Malloch) are members of the Ceratopogonini and are placed in the new genus Atyphohelea. Neurohelea nigra Wirth is a new synonym of the type species Atyphohelea macroneura (Malloch), new combination. The Baltic amber species Neurohelea cothurnata (Meunier) is also placed in Atyphohelea as a new combination. An unnamed species from Taiwan is described and the pupa of A. macroneura is newly described. The male of Neurobezzia granulosa (Wirth) is described for the first time. The male previously identified as N. granulosa by Grogan & Wirth (1978) is probably the male of Amerohelea frontispina (Dow & Turner) in the Palpomyiini. Medeobezzia Yu is regarded as a new synonym of Neurobezzia Wirth & Ratanaworabhan, which now includes three species. A new world key to the genera of male and female Heteromyiini is provided. The phylogenetic relationships of the described genera are discussed.
The Meligethes of the M. pubescens species-group from Southern Africa (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae, Meligethinae)
Authors: Kirejtshuk A.G. , Kirk-Spriggs A.H. , Audisio P.
Published: July 2010

The known Southern African species of the pubescens species-group in the genus Meligethes Stephens, 1830, are revised. A diagnosis of the M. pubescens species-group is given and eight new species are described from South Africa, Namibia and Botswana: M. argentarius sp. n. (Eastern Cape Province, Kwa-Zulu Natal), M. aurivestis sp. n. (Western Cape Province), M. eremita sp. n. (Namibia, Northern Cape), M. hermanniae sp. n. (Western Cape Province), M. massivus sp. n. (Northern Transvaal), M. namakwaensis sp. n. (Namaqualand, Western Cape Province, and southern Namibia), M. pecten sp. n. (Western Cape Province, Free State), and M. rufofuscus sp. n. (Namibia, Botswana, and northern South Africa). Redescriptions and line drawings of male and female genitalia, legs and habitus of M. pubescens Reitter, 1872, M. translatus Grouvelle, 1913, M. confertus Reitter, 1872, M. plumbeus Reitter, 1872, M. fuerschi Spornraft & Audisio, 1995 (= M. antlia Kirejtshuk, 1996, syn. n.), M. marshalli Grouvelle, 1915, and ecological data on most of the species dealt with (all probably using Sterculiaceae of the genus Hermannia as larval host-plants) are also included.
The systematic status of Kiransus Makhan, 1994, with the description of three new species of Hydrochus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae)
Authors: Hansen Michael
Published: July 2010

The genus Kiransus Makhan, 1994 erected for a hydrochid species, K. aschnaae Makhan, 1994, with a unique and extremely modified tergum 8 (= 'sternum 5' of Makhan), is placed as a junior synonym (syn. n.) of Hydrochus Leach, 1817, in which it represents a highly derived, subordinate clade, here referred to as the 'Hydrochus aschnaae species group'. A redefinition of this clade is proposed, based on the discovery of three new species, Hydrochus tuberculatus sp. n. from Burkina, H. nigeriensis sp. n. from Nigeria and H. ensifer sp. n. from Sudan. Structural peculiarities in the abdominal apex of Hydrochidae are outlined and attention is called to certain features of phylogenetic importance.
Make No Little Plan: Modernist Projects and Spontaneous Growth in Belgrade, 1945-1967
Authors: Le Normand Brigitte
Published: July 2010

This essay investigates the interactions of Belgrade's urban planners, whose plans were an effort to create socialist order out of urban chaos, with the city's population, whose needs were often not met by these plans. After the Second World War, urban planners committed themselves to seek new urban forms that would embody the liberation of the people and empowerment under socialism. By the 1960s, planners had only been able to transform certain urban sites according to their vision, whereas other areas of the city grew spontaneously, reflecting the knowledge, tastes, and needs of the migrants who came to live there and constituting potential sites of resistance.
"Vollkommen Passende Gefässe" Und "Gefässe Fremder Form" Die Kritik Des Kunsthistorikers Albert Ilg (1847-1896) an Der Architektur Der Wiener Ringstrasse, Ihr Identitätspolitischer Hintergrund Und Ihre Kunstpolitischen Auswirkungen
Authors: Stachel Peter
Published: July 2010

When the new building of the Burgtheater on the Viennese Ringstrasse was inaugurated in 1888, the Austrian art historian Albert Ilg wrote a series of newspaper articles in which he praised the arrangement of the interior and its creator Carl Hasenauer, but devoted only a few critical words to the façade without even mentioning the name of the architect, Gottfried Semper. These articles are, with others, typical of Ilg's negative assessment of the architecture of the Ringstrasse, but for a full understanding of Ilg's stance it is necessary to relate it to his general positions on the history of art and politics. This article reveals that Ilg's position was not primarily motivated by aesthetic principles, but by identity politics, especially by his belief that the Baroque style was the only appropriate, supranational architectural style for the Habsburg monarchy.
Comparative History: Methodology and Ethos
Authors: Kocka Jürgen
Published: July 2010

While it is necessary to distinguish between analytical and normative statements, the quest for this distinction – and for value-free science – is itself normatively based. Comparative approaches can serve important descriptive and analytical functions. They reduce the danger of methodological nationalism and intellectual parochialism in historical studies. The comparative approach allows to find an acceptable middle ground between the acceptance of basic differences and universalist claims. Method and ethos interact. But a-symmetric comparison shows that scientific productivity and political incorrectness can go together. For this, Max Weber's comparative approach can serve as an example.
Staging Realms of the Past in 19th-Century Western Europe: Comparing Monumental Strategies of Middle-Class Nationalists
Authors: Rausch Helke
Published: July 2010

In large parts of late 19th-century Europe, monumental landscapes in the metropoles appear as public platforms where national realms of the pasts were invented. Public statues installed in Paris, Berlin and London would hardly express coherent national mentalities. They rather symbolize their initiator's propagandist attempts at defining the nation while they could be perceived quite controversially. Beyond state-dominated images of the nation in Berlin, there were attempts at referring to more liberal demands in the German national movement. In London, the seemingly consensual recourse to British Monarchy testifies to the fact that monument committees transformed the concept of monarchy into a common reference point of civic patriotism while public reference to the highly non-egalitarian social order was ignored. In Paris, the placement of national cult figures was even more part of a controversial process and hardly exemplified a constantly assured French nation. A comparative analysis of rhetorical strategies and their repercussions upon the public could add to a pluralistic European history of resilient nationalistic rhetorics and their questionable success in each case.
“Dialectical Negation”: East Central European Marxist Historiography and the Problem of the Nation
Authors: Górny Maciej
Published: July 2010

The article compares Marxist histories of historiography in Poland, Czechoslovakia, and East Germany of the so called Stalinist period. In the postwar years, historiography contributed to the legitimization of Communist regimes, widely using nationalist narratives. In the 1950s and early 1960s this tendency was partly marginalized and accompanied by a critical reinterpretation of the previous historiographical traditions. Describing the latter process, the author points at the divergent geopolitical situation, the different patterns of the adoption of Marxist methodology, and the various strategies of defending the national tradition characterizing these three countries. While East Central European Marxists sometimes questioned the national historiographical traditions, quite often they simply inserted them into the Marxist vision of the past.
The “Central European Urban Model” and the Emergence of Towns in Wallachia from the Fourteenth to the Sixteenth Century
Authors: Rădvan Laurenţiu
Published: July 2010

The present study addresses the issue of how the Central European urban model was embraced in areas south of the Carpathians, namely Wallachia. The Saxon and Hungarian colonists arriving from Transylvania, who settled in these regions, were key in the adoption of certain elements of urban institutional organization. The local rulers granted them privileges, which acknowledged their right of ownership in settlements in which they dwelled, the right to use plots, as well as tax exemptions. The study also inquires into the way these colonists have arrived, and documents local urban terminology.
Of Crosses, Winged Victories, and Eagles: Commemorative Contests between Official and Vernacular Voices in Interwar Romania
Authors: Bucur Maria
Published: July 2010

This essay examines contests between local practices and central institutions over the meaning and cultural practices linked to the nation, focusing in particular on commemorations of the war dead after 1918. The analysis shows that the ability of the state to control how nationalism was celebrated through commemorations of the Great War was by no means determined or even successfully mediated from the center. In fact, local voices in rural settings often had their own rituals for mourning those that died in war and also for commemorating heroism in localized versions of what sacrifice for the nation and mourning heroes might have meant. In discussing vernacular-official contests over commemorating war heroes, this essay will present several important aspects: the relationship between traditional religious symbols and the new secular official symbols in representing nationalism; the relationship between rural and urban settings for understanding the unsuccessful attempts of the state to impose its version of war commemorations; and the relationship between the Romanian majority and other ethnic groups in these contests.
Reinterpreting a 'Founding Father': Kossuth Images and Their Contexts, 1848-2009
Authors: Dénes Iván Zoltán
Published: July 2010

The present article reconstructs the ways the public and historiographical image of Lajos Kossuth, the central figure of the 1848–49 revolutionary tradition in Hungary, was negotiated during the last 150 years. Similar to the images of other founding fathers and national heroes in other cultures—such as Garibaldi, Piłsudski, Atatürk, Mazzini, Herzl, Masaryk, Bismarck, or Al. I. Cuza—the competing representations of Lajos Kossuth formed a central part of the political and scientific discourses throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In addition to the most common images of the cultic “father of the nation” and “national Messiah,” one can encounter such different schemes of collective self-projection as the “overly emotive opposition politician,” the “successful gentry,” the nobleman “defending his class privileges,” or the “inconsistent revolutionary.” Arguably, these images to a large extent fit four political languages determining Hungarian public discourse in the given period, such as “conservative realism,” ethno-protectionism, Marxist socialism, and communism. While these political languages were very different from each other, they were strikingly similar in the sense that they were built on strong enemy images. Consequently, analyzing their historical projections we can learn about the traumatic ways their adherents related to political modernity, manifested in visions of a fundamental enemy endangering the future of the community.
The Incorporation of Monumental Pagan Barrows Into Medieval Russian Christian Culture
Authors: Petrov Nicholas
Published: July 2010

Sopki, a group of monumental barrows located exclusively in northwestern Russia, are the most impressive and well-preserved man-made structures of pre-Christian East Slavic culture [Fig. 1]. The sopki range in height from three to twelve meters, have steep slopes [Fig. 2] and are encircled by stone settings at the mound's base, which are often discernible in the turf. Of the sopki that have been excavated, the overwhelming majority contain calcined bones near the mound's top and are dated to the ninth and tenth centuries. Usually, there are no more than two or three graves per mound. The sopki differ from other mortuary constructions of the region in their large size, which suggests their likely interpretation as the funeral sites of tribal noblemen.1 Additionally, the sopki mounds are grouped around settlements, reflecting the Slavic migration patterns throughout northwestern Russia, suggesting their interpretation as Slavic funeral constructions.
Storming the Stratosphere: Space Exploration, Soviet Culture, and the Arts from Lenin to Khrushchev's Times
Authors: Andrews James
Published: July 2010

By the era of the Stalinist 1930s, a nationalistic nexus had been created between Soviet air flight (and eventually rocketry) feats and the ideological competition with the West. Russians had been fascinated with global air and rocket flight developments before Stalin's time; however, with the increasingly nationalistic tones of Russian culture in the 1930s and 1940s, the stratosphere also became a sphere of contestation with the West. While this scientific and cultural competition would be accelerated in the time of Khrushchev's Sputnik era, the Russian public still engaged in the process in its own manner that included both national pride and genuine interest from below as in other countries.
The Labour Region in Late Stalinist Population Dynamics
Authors: Burton Christopher
Published: July 2010

Population movement in the USSR under late Stalinism was determined in part by informal labour regions, as confirmed by this study of migration to, from, and within the oblasti of Moscow, Sverdlovsk and Kuibyshev over 1945-53. Every Soviet region at the end of the war was characterized by intense pressure on available sources of labour but partly because of this distinct “labour regions” can be identified. While all three areas under analysis were in the RSFSR and unoccupied, or largely unoccupied, during the war, they differed sufficiently from one another to highlight regional particularities.
The Unintended Consequences of a Surge in Orthodox Pilgrimages in Late Imperial Russia
Authors: Worobec Christine
Published: July 2010

Based on archival materials, this article explores the ways in which the Holy Trinity St. Sergius Monastery and Solovetskii monasteries at the turn of the twentieth century dealt with the challenges of serving increasing numbers of pilgrims, which ranged from security to public relations. Intent upon maintaining the strict regimens of their communities and raising the spiritual and national identities of worshipers, the abbots unsuccessfully tried to control pilgrims and pilgrimages. Individuals continued to flock to monastic institutions to satisfy their own spiritual and physical needs, bringing with them their human flaws and frailties.
CoCom, Comecon, and the Economic Cold War
Authors: Libbey James
Published: July 2010

The economic dimension to the Cold War often focused on two blocs of nations, each led by one of the opposing superpowers. In 1949, the Soviet Union sponsored the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance or Comecon in Eastern Europe; the United States founded the Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls or CoCom in Western Europe. Both soon expanded. On one level, the two groups were quite distinct. Comecon resembled a common market; CoCom restricted technology transfers. The article below, however, presents a series of arguments that suggest these dissimilar economic groupings possessed to an extraordinary degree a common pattern in their history. They frequently mirrored each other in the contentious relations shared by the U.S. and U.S.S.R.
From Frontier To Empire: the Concept of the Frontier in Russia, Sixteenth-Eighteenth Centuries
Authors: Khodarkovsky Michael
Published: July 2010

At the height of the Cold War in the 1960s, an advertisement by the British Ministry of Defense asked readers: "Isn't it better to have our frontier on the Elbe than on Brighton beach?" In sixteenth-century Muscovy there were no readers to ask a similar question, but the answer was obvious all the same. It was incumbent upon the rising Orthodox Muscovite state to expand its frontier in the east, where neighboring lands populated by the non-Christian peoples could be easily vanquished, and to secure its frontier in the south in order to prevent devastating nomadic raids.
The Performance of Small Businesses in St. Petersburg: Data From a Questionnaire
Authors: Kihlgren Alessandro
Published: July 2010

The dearth of reliable data makes field work essential to gain a more accurate picture on small business in today's Russia.1 Interviewing representatives of organizations instead of individual entrepreneurs provides a more balanced picture, as entrepreneurs may be reluctant to divulge information about their firm. Although the firms these organizations work with are not fully representative of the small business population in St. Petersburg the results do not differ substantially from surveys previously conducted in the city. Therefore, these data can provide some useful insights on small business in St. Petersburg. Data collected suggest that new firms are mostly profitable and expanding production. The fact that half of the firms have as their main competitor another small firm testifies to the greater adaptability and flexibility of new firms compared with larger ones. The sales of these firms tend, however, to be concentrated in the domestic market with a negligible export component similarly to what was observed in surveys conducted in other parts of Russia. Keywords: small business, Russia, entrepreneurship, St. Petersburg
Conditions of Americari-Soviet Commerce: The Beginning of Direct Cotton Trade, 1923-1924
Authors: Gillette Philip S.
Published: July 2010

The history of American-Soviet commerce contains numerous turning points, but none is perhaps so little appreciated as the commencement of direct cotton trade. This development occurred as a result of the visit of Viktor P. Nogin to America from November, 1923 to January, 1924.1 It is particularly informative to discuss the events of this period within a framework of general propositions concerning American-Soviet trade.
Arms Control : the Soviet Approach and Its Implications
Authors: Payne Keith B. , Stroude Dan L.
Published: July 2010

The Soviet Union has no discrete arms control goals, although it does have a variety of diplomatic and military objectives which can be pursued via arms control negotiations. In the Soviet Union, there is no organization comparable to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), which is charged with advancing the cause of arms control. Instead, there appears to be only a military bureaucracy and a foreign policy apparatus, whose purposes are reconciled at the highest levels of Soviet politics.1 Nor does the Soviet Union have an arms control theory compaiable to that of the United States. In the U.S., strategic thinking is concentrated at the level of generality where political purpose and military capabilities intersect. It is at this level that concepts of "stability," "esealation-dominance," and "action-reaction arms races" emerge. The intellectual underpinnings of Western arms control policy is provided primarily by the first and last of these. While there is a serious professional military literature in the Soviet press. focusing largely on operational-tactical questions, little is written at the level of generality where political ends and military power meet, and what is written is often propagandistic. This is an area preserved for the top Party leadership, which generally does not, and does not need to, share its reflections with the outside world. The absence of a serious arms control theory and the apparent absence of a bureaucratic framework designed to give arms control considerations an independent voice in the decision-making process are symptomatic of Soviet arms control policy-a policy which uses negotiations as a means of furthering Soviet power, both military and diplomatic.
Soviet Legal Restrictions On Emigration
Authors: O'Keefe Gerald F.
Published: July 2010

The right to emigrate-the free movement of people into and out of their country of origin-is a right recognized by international human rights law. The Soviet Union has recognized its obligations under these laws and the Constitution of the USSR and the "fundamental principles" of its legislation require actions consistent with international treaties to which the USSR is a party. Nevertheless, the Soviet Union discourages and prevents emigration by manipulating its legal system. Only members of a few ethnic groups are allowed to emigrate. Over the years emigrants have been mainly Jews, Armenians, and ethnic Germans, as well as some Japanese and Koreans. Emigration is limited by the Soviet Union's policy of "reunification of families," which effectively eliminates the vast majority of Soviet citizens from emigrating. Even those groups allowed to emigrate in limited numbers face substantial impediments. Complicated procedures, great expense, economic and social ostracism, and oftentimes harassment or arrest await those who apply for an exit visa. Applications for emigration are handled in an arbitrary manner, at best, and in a punitive manner, at worst. The resulting system is one in which emigration is not a right, but the grant of an administrative indulgence. Emigration law, and the Soviet Union's policy toward it, is the focus of discussion herein. Analysis of emigration law and practice is necessary to counter the legal justifications advanced by the USSR to defend its restrictive policy of emigration. First, I will discuss the Soviet Union's obligation under international law to respect the right to emigrate; next, I will analyze Soviet emigration law and citizenship renunciation law. Third, I outline the application process; and last, I address the legal basis for refusing emigration.
A Tale of Four Cities: Studying National Self-Images Among Russian Regional Politicians in Perm, St. Petersburg, Volgograd and Khabarovsk
Authors: Petersson BO
Published: July 2010

In January 1997 the author embarked on a study within a three-year research project, supported by the Swedish Research Council on the Humanities and Social Sciences. The title of the project is "Russian Self-Images and Foreign-Policy Orientations in a Time of Change." Its aim is to identify views of Russian politicians, mainly at intermediate levels, regarding Russia's role and mission in the international context and also regarding key issues related to internal developments. Within the project, interviews are undertaken with parliamentarians in Moscow, as well as with regional parliamentarians in St. Petersburg, Volgograd and Khabarovsk. This will provide for insights as regards similarities and differences between central and regional levels of political life. In order to calibrate the working tools and to test theoretical key assumptions, a pilot study was undertaken in the city of Perm in September 1997. In this article, a comparison is made between the results of the pilot study and the findings emerging from the regular rounds of interviews conducted in St. Petersburg in November 1997 and January 1998, in Volgograd in May 1998 and in Khabarovsk in November 1998. All in all, the article builds upon seventy-six in-depth interviews with regional politicians.
Trans-Albanian vs. Pan-Albanian Spaces: The Urban Dimension of the 'Albanian Question'
Authors: Strazzari Francesco
Published: July 2010

This paper focuses on nationalism along Albanian-speaking European peripheries. Waves of organized violence, political turmoil, and powerful processes of demographic and socioeconomic transformation have changed the face of Albanian cities, thus modifying the physical and social landscape. The exploration of these dynamics aims to shed light on how the nexus that historically exists between the construction of an urban stronghold, the articulation of nationalist ideologies, and state-making processes is being re-defined in light of changing external conditions determined by Europeanization and globalization. Although evidence remains highly ambivalent, investigating such a dimension might be useful in detecting the emergence of an embryonic trans-Albanian national discourse, whose content does not necessarily coincide with traditional pan-Albanian constructs. Situated between transnational city networks and rearticulated through the EU perspective, the “Albanian question” is undergoing transformation that is much deeper than the nationalist canon is willing to admit. Disclosing new understandings of this magmatic historical process might pave new ways for political agency aiming at the sustainability of regional political processes.