bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High impact health service interventions for attainment of UHC in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Karamagi Humphrey Cyprian , Berhane Araia , Ngusbrhan Kidane Solyana , Nyawira Lizah , Ani-Amponsah Mary , Nyanjau Loise , Maoulana Koulthoume , Seydi Aminata Binetou Wahebine , Nzinga Jacinta , Dangou Jean-marie , Nkurunziza Triphonie , K. Bisoborwa Geoffrey , Sillah Jackson Sophianu , W. Muriithi Assumpta , Nirina Razakasoa Harilala , Bigirimana Francoise
Published: September 2022

African countries have prioritized the attainment of targets relating to Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Health Security (HSE) and Coverage of Health Determinants (CHD)to attain their health goals. Given resource constraints, it is important to prioritize implementation of health service interventions with the highest impact. This is important to be identified across age cohorts and public health functions of health promotion, disease prevention, diagnostics, curative, rehabilitative and palliative interventions. We therefore explored the published evidence on the effectiveness of existing health service interventions addressing the diseases and conditions of concern in the Africa Region, for each age cohort and the public health functions. Six public health and economic evaluation databases, reports and grey literature were searched. A total of 151 studies and 357 interventions were identified across different health program areas, public health functions and age cohorts. Of the studies, most were carried out in the African region (43.5%), on communicable diseases (50.6%), and non-communicable diseases (36.4%). Majority of interventions are domiciled in the health promotion, disease prevention and curative functions, covering all age cohorts though the elderly cohort was least represented. Neonatal and communicable conditions dominated disease burden in the early years of life and non-communicable conditions in the later years. A menu of health interventions that are most effective at averting disease and conditions of concern across life course in the African region is therefore consolidated. These represent a comprehensive evidence-based set of interventions for prioritization by decision makers to attain desired health goals. At a country level, we also identify principles for identifying priority interventions, being the targeting of higher implementation coverage of existing interventions, combining interventions across all the public health functions–not focusing on a few functions, provision of subsidies or free interventions and prioritizing early identification of high-risk populations and communities represent these principles.
Impact of Shigella infections and inflammation early in life on child growth and school-aged cognitive outcomes: Findings from three birth cohorts over eight years
Authors: Rogawski McQuade Elizabeth T. , Scharf Rebecca J. , Svensen Erling , Huggins Amber , Maphula Angelina , Bayo Eliwaza , Blacy Ladislaus , Pamplona E. de Souza Paula , Costa Hilda , Houpt Eric R. , Bessong Pascal O. , Mduma Estomih R. , Lima Aldo A. M. , Guerrant Richard L.
Published: September 2022

Background

Shigella infections cause inflammation, which has been hypothesized to mediate the associations between Shigella and child development outcomes among children in low-resource settings. We aimed to assess whether early life inflammation and Shigella infections affect school-aged growth and cognitive outcomes from 6–8 years of age.

Methodology/principal findings

We conducted follow-up assessments of anthropometry, reasoning skills, and verbal fluency in 451 children at 6–8 years of age in the Brazil, Tanzania, and South Africa sites of MAL-ED, a longitudinal birth cohort study. We estimated the associations between Shigella burden and inflammation with linear growth at 2, 5, and 6–8 years of age, and with the cognitive test scores using linear regression and adjusting for potential confounding variables. We also assessed whether inflammation mediated the associations between Shigella and school-aged outcomes using a regression-based approach to mediation analysis. A high prevalence of Shigella was associated with a 0.32 (95% CI: 0.08, 0.56) z-score lower height-for-age z-score (HAZ) at 6–8 years compared to a low prevalence of Shigella. Intestinal inflammation had a smaller association with HAZ at 6–8 years. Shigella burden had small and consistently negative associations with cognitive outcomes in Brazil and Tanzania, but not South Africa, and the estimates were not statistically significant. Systemic inflammation was strongly associated with lower verbal fluency scores in Brazil (semantic fluency z-score difference: -0.57, 95% CI: -1.05, -0.10; phonemic fluency z-score difference: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.93, -0.03). There was no evidence that intestinal inflammation mediated the association between Shigella and HAZ or cognitive outcomes.

Conclusions/significance

While Shigella infections were consistently associated with long-term deficits in linear growth, the estimates of the negative associations between Shigella and cognitive outcomes were imprecise and only observed in the Brazil and Tanzania sites. Systemic inflammation was strongly associated with lower semantic and phonemic fluency scores in Brazil only, highlighting the site-specificity of effects.
Voluntary medical male circumcision in selected provinces in South Africa: Outcomes from a programmatic setting
Authors: Moyo Khumbulani , Igaba Nelson , Wose Kinge Constance , Chasela Charles , Phohole Motshana , Grove Skye , Makura Caroline , Mudau Latisani , Taljaard Dirk , Rech Dino , Ramkissoon Arthi , Searle Catherine , Majuba Pappie , Sanne Ian
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) remains an effective biomedical intervention for HIV prevention in high HIV prevalence countries. In South Africa, United States Agency for International Development VMMC partners provide technical assistance to the Department of Health, at national and provincial levels in support of the establishment of VMMC sites as well as in providing direct VMMC services at site level since April 2012. We describe the outcomes of the Right to Care (RTC) VMMC program implemented in South Africa from 2012 to 2017.

Methods

This retrospective study was undertaken at RTC supported facilities across six provinces. Young males aged ≥10 years who presented at these facilities from 1 July 2012 to 31 September 2017 were included. Outcomes were VMMC uptake, HIV testing uptake and rate of adverse events (AEs). Using a de-identified observational database of these clients, summary statistics of the demographic characteristics and outcomes were calculated.

Results

There were a total 1,001,226 attendees of which 998,213 (99.7%) were offered VMMC and had a median age of 15 years (IQR = 12–23 years). Of those offered VMMC, 99.6% (994,293) consented, 96.7% (965,370) were circumcised and the majority (46.3%) were from Gauteng province. HIV testing uptake was 71% with a refusal rate of 15%. Of the newly diagnosed HIV positives, 64% (6,371 / 9,972) referrals were made. The rate of AEs, defined as bleeding, infection, and insufficient skin removal) declined from 3.26% in 2012 to 1.17% in 2017. There was a reduction in infection-related AEs from 2,448 of the 2,602 adverse events (94.08%) in 2012 to 129 of the 2,069 adverse events (6.23%) in 2017.

Conclusion

There was a high VMMC uptake with a decline in AEs over time. Adolescent men contributed the most to the circumcised population, an indication that the young population accesses medical circumcision more. VMMC programs need to implement innovative demand creation strategies to encourage older males (20–34 years) at higher risk of HIV acquisition to get circumcised for immediate impact in reduction of HIV incidence. HIV prevalence in the total population increased with increasing age, notably in clients above 25 years.
A protocol for longitudinal monitoring of individual building occupants and their environments
Authors: Coulby Graham , Clear Adrian K. , Jones Oliver , McDonald Suzanne , Godfrey Alan
Published: September 2022

Buildings account for approximately 40% of the energy consumption across the European Union, so there is a requirement to strive for better energy performance to reduce the global impact of urbanised societies. However, energy performant buildings can negatively impact building occupants (e.g., comfort, health and/or wellbeing) due to a trade-off between airtightness and air circulation. Thus, there is a need to monitor Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) to inform how it impacts occupants and hence redefine value within building performance metrics. An individualised study design would enable researchers to gain new insights into the effects of environmental changes on individuals for more targeted e.g., health interventions or nuanced and improved building design(s). This paper presents a protocol to conduct longitudinal monitoring of an individual and their immediate environment. Additionally, a novel approach to environmental perception gathering is proposed that will monitor environmental factors at an individual level to investigate subjective survey data pertaining to the participant’s perceptions of IEQ (e.g., perceived air quality, thermal conditions, light, and noise). This protocol has the potential to expose time-differential phenomena between environmental changes and an individual’s behavioural and physiological responses. This could be used to support building performance monitoring by providing an interventional assessment of building performance renovations. In the future it could also provide building scientists with a scalable approach for environmental monitoring that focuses specifically on individual health and wellbeing.
Time to non-adherence to iron and folic acid supplementation and associated factors among pregnant women in Hosanna town, South Ethiopia: Cox-proportional hazard model
Authors: Bancha Belay , Lajore Bereket Abrham , Petros Legese , Hassen Habtamu , Jemal Admasu
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds

Micronutrient deficits in women of reproductive age have been linked to poor pregnancy outcomes. The most common micronutrient deficits in women are iron and folate. The World Health Organization recommends daily oral iron and folic acid supplementation (IFAS) as part of routine antenatal care to lower the risk of maternal anemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the effectiveness of the supplementation relies on client’s strict adherence. The aim of this study was to determine time- to- non-adherence to IFAS and associated factors among pregnant women in Hosanna Town, South Ethiopia.

Methods

A community based cross sectional study design was employed from May 15-June11, 2021. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. The Cox regression hazard model was applied. The threshold of statistical significance was declared at a p-value <0.05 and adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were used to report.

Result

The median time-to-non-adherence was 74 days (95 percent CI: 65.33–82.67). After adjusting for the confounders, age (AHR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.09), education status (AHR = 2.43 95%CI 1.34–4.40, AHR 3.00, 95% CI: 2.09–4.31, AHR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.32–2.77), household’s wealth index (AHR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.19–2.51, AHR = 1.64, 95% CI:1.15–2.35), and counseling at service delivery (AHR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.88–3.41) were independent predictors of time to non-adherence to IFAS among pregnant women.

Conclusion

The median time to non-adherence was short and women became non-adherent before the recommended duration. Improving women’s education and counseling pregnant women on IFAS during pregnancy would make a change.
Swarming genetic algorithm: A nested fully coupled hybrid of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization
Authors: Aivaliotis-Apostolopoulos Panagiotis , Loukidis Dimitrios
Published: September 2022

Particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms are two classes of popular heuristic algorithms that are frequently used for solving complex multi-dimensional mathematical optimization problems, each one with its one advantages and shortcomings. Particle swarm optimization is known to favor exploitation over exploration, and as a result it often converges rapidly to local optima other than the global optimum. The genetic algorithm has the ability to overcome local extrema throughout the optimization process, but it often suffers from slow convergence rates. This paper proposes a new hybrid algorithm that nests particle swarm optimization operations in the genetic algorithm, providing the general population with the exploitation prowess of the genetic algorithm and a sub-population with the high exploitation capabilities of particle swarm optimization. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated through solutions of several continuous optimization problems, as well as discrete (traveling salesman) problems. It is found that the new hybrid algorithm provides a better balance between exploration and exploitation compared to both parent algorithms, as well as existing hybrid algorithms, achieving consistently accurate results with relatively small computational cost.
Evaluation of the Global Entrepreneurship Index validity
Authors: Dionisio Eduardo Avancci , Silva Dirceu , Carvalho Ruy Quadros , Inácio Júnior Edmundo
Published: September 2022

Purpose: our objective is to assess whether the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) is a valid methodology for measuring the national systems of entrepreneurship. Theoretical framework: we use the structural equation modeling (SEM) as a theoretical lens to evaluate the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Design/methodology/approach: to achieve the research objective, we perform structural equation modeling to measure the formative model of GEI, using the SmartPLS 3.0 software, in order to verify the convergent validity of the constructs; the collinearity of indicators and their relevance for measuring entrepreneurship. Findings: the results obtained show that the sub-indices and indicators are adequate to measure entrepreneurship. However, we identified that there is a need to replace the micro-level components of the opportunity perception and networking indicators which provide distorted results of what is understood as productive or high impact entrepreneurship. Research, practical and social implications: the main contributions of our study are directed to the indicators’ developers. We suggest the use of components that capture aspects associated with high-impact or technology-based entrepreneurship instead of any attempt to create a new business, as our results indicate that generic components provide short-sighted results on the state of entrepreneurship, hampering comparative studies at the country-level. Originality/value: although the GEI is based on the OECD recommendations for the construction of composite indicators (indices), we have not identified any studies (not even performed by the GEI developers) on the validity of the index as a methodology for measuring entrepreneurship.
DEPOPULATION OF THE POPULATION OF SIBERIA IN THE LIGHT OF THE RESETTLEMENT PROBLEM IN RUSSIA
Authors: Askanova O. V.
Published: September 2022

Understanding the problem of depopulation in Siberia prompted the author to study the current demographic situation in the Siberian Federal District and the factors that determined it. The comparative analysis results of statistical information for individual regions of the Siberian Federal District allow us to speak of the so-called «Western drift», the result of which is the pulling of the country’s population to the central part of Russia, which exacerbates the resettlement problem. The dynamics of demographic processes in Siberia is characterized by a significant decline of the population and an increase in the demographic burden, which acts as a serious limiter on the potential for the reproduction of the population in Siberian region in future, contributing to socio-economic stagnation. Clearly realizing that the reasons for the population decline in Siberian Federal District depend on the socio-economic situation, the author focuses on studying the dynamics of the ratio of cash income and wages in the Siberian regions with the average Russian ones, showing that the disproportions that have existed for many years are not decreasing, but growing. As one of the reasons for the current situation the author considers the polarity of views of Russian power elite representatives on the resettlement problem.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE: ACCOUNTING AND ANALYTICAL ASPECT
Authors: Semikolenova M. N. , Semina L. A. , Zemlyakova S. N.
Published: September 2022

Enterprise risk management enables agricultural organizations to anticipate risks that could affect productivity and performance and take the necessary steps to minimize adverse factors and maximize competitive opportunities. Obtaining reliable risk information enables in resource-constrained settings to assess overall resource needs, prioritize resource use, and improve resource allocation. In addition, the viability of an organization in the medium and long term depends on its ability to anticipate and respond to changes, not only for stable functioning, but also for progressive development. This determines the relevance of the study, the task of which is to analyze and study the prospects for building a risk-based accounting, monitoring and management system. The risk management systems of a number of agricultural organizations in two agro-oriented regions were studied: the Rostov Region and the Altai Territory. The logic of the study consisted in a consistent and interconnected consideration of the problems of the functioning of agriculture in the regions; threats of violation of the economic security of organizations in the analyzed industry; issues of organizing an information system that meets the tasks of risk management; methods and strategies of risk management in agriculture. The authors concluded that it is necessary to transform the accounting and analytical system of agricultural organizations. The main direction of this transformation is the integration of strategy development, management methods and management accounting tools. The measurement of the underlying performance factors and the organization’s response to risk generate strategic opportunities and key competitive capabilities for agricultural organizations.
Clinical Prediction Models for Pancreatic Cancer in General and At-Risk Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Santos Ralph , Coleman Helen G. , Cairnduff Victoria , Kunzmann Andrew T.
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

Identifying high-risk individuals using a risk prediction model could be a crucial first stage of screening pathways to improve the early detection of pancreatic cancer. A systematic review was conducted to critically evaluate the published primary literature on the development or validation of clinical risk prediction models for pancreatic cancer risk.

METHODS:

MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles from the inception of each database up to November 2021. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. The Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was applied to assess risk of bias.

RESULTS:

In total, 33 studies were included, describing 38 risk prediction models. Excluding studies with an overlapping population, this study consist of 15,848,100 participants, of which 58,313 were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Eight studies externally validated their model, and 13 performed internal validation. The studies described risk prediction models for pancreatic cancer in the general population (n = 14), patients with diabetes (n = 8), and individuals with gastrointestinal (and other) symptoms (symptoms included abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, jaundice, and change in bowel habits and indigestion; n = 11). The commonly used clinical risk factors in the model were cigarette smoking (n = 27), age (n = 25), diabetes history (n = 22), chronic pancreatitis (n = 18), and body mass index (n = 14). In the 25 studies that assessed model performance, C-statistics ranged from 0.61 to 0.98. Of the 33 studies included, 6 were rated as being at a low risk of bias based on PROBAST.

DISCUSSION:

Many clinical risk prediction models for pancreatic cancer had been developed for different target populations. Although low risk-of-bias studies were identified, these require external validation and implementation studies to ensure that these will benefit clinical decision making.
Sleep Disturbances, Bowel Movement Kinetics, and Travel Interruption With Bowel Preparation: A Bowel CLEANsing National Initiative Substudy
Authors: Tse Carmen , Barkun Alan , Martel Myriam , Nugent Zoann , Epstein Ian , Sey Michael , Richard Sultanian , von Renteln Daniel , Singh Harminder
Published: September 2022

INTRODUCTION:

We investigated sleep disturbances, bowel movement (BM) kinetics, and travel experience with different bowel preparation regimens in a substudy of patients enrolled in a randomized multicenter Canadian clinical trial.

METHODS:

Patients scheduled to have a colonoscopy between 7:30 am and 10:30 am (early morning) were randomized to (i) 4-L single-dose polyethylene glycol (PEG) given in the evening before, (ii) 2-L split-dose PEG (+bisacodyl 15 mg), or (iii) 4-L split-dose PEG. Patients scheduled to undergo a colonoscopy between 10:30 am and 4:30 pm (afternoon) were randomized to (iv) 2-L single-dose PEG (+bisacodyl 15 mg) in the morning, (v) 2-L split-dose PEG (+bisacodyl 15 mg), or (vi) 4-L split-dose PEG. Patients were asked to record information on BM kinetics, sleep, and travel to the endoscopy unit. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between groups using a Kruskal-Wallis test or χ2 test, respectively. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed.

RESULTS:

Overall, 641 patients were included in this substudy. Patients undergoing early morning colonoscopies reported the most awakenings in the night when assigned to 4-L single-dose day-before PEG and the highest reduction in sleep hours when assigned to 4-L split-dose PEG. There were no significant between-group differences in urgent BMs, fecal incontinence episodes, or travel interruptions. Overall, 17% of those traveling for more than an hour had to stop for a BM during travel, with no significant difference between groups.

DISCUSSION:

Day-before and split-dose high-volume PEG regimens for colonoscopies scheduled before 10:30 am lead to the greatest sleep disturbance.
Problems in Cross-Cultural Legal Discourse: U.S. Federal and Native American Tribal Criminal Law
Authors: Brewer Janet
Published: September 2022

Through examination of conflict of laws as to U.S. federal courts and tribal law, this study highlights the impact of culture upon legal meaning. Disparities stem from long-standing norms which underpin legal concepts. These terms which give rise to legal philosophy and the judicial process defy clear English interpretation. Examples include the Latin term mens rea which serves as the foundation for Anglo-American punishment theory, and the Navajo term hózhó from which all conceptualizations of social order emanate. An exploration of these examples in the context of a recent case underscores the close link between law and culture.
“Mines in the Classroom”: Black student’s safety with general and special educators
Authors: Smith R. Kweku Akyierfi
Published: September 2022

How Black learners are made to feel in the classroom by their general and special education professionals affect how they learn and navigate their world. An historical account of American education for the Black mind can be viewed as dull, dangerous, and deadly. It is imperative that each child feels physical and psychological safety in every educational environment. This is the premise of this article.
Multifunctional croconaine nanoparticles for efficient optoacoustic imaging of deep tumors and photothermal therapy
Authors: Liu Nian , O’Connor Patrick , Gujrati Vipul , Anzenhofer Pia , Klemm Uwe , Kleigrewe Karin , Sattler Michael , Plettenburg Oliver , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: September 2022

The proper design of near-infrared light-absorbing agents enables efficient optoacoustic imaging-guided phototherapy. In particular, several croconaine-based organic agents with excellent optical properties have been recently reported for this purpose. However, most of them absorb light below 800 nm, limiting deep-tissue imaging applications. To this end, we utilized a recently described novel croconaine derivative (CR880) to develop CR880-based nanoparticles (CR880-NPs) for effective in vivo delivery, deep tissue optoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy applications. Radicals and strong π–π stacking in CR880 result in an 880 nm absorption peak with no blue-shift upon condensing to the solid phase. DSPE-PEG2000-formulated CR880-NPs exhibited high optoacoustic generation efficiency and photostability, and could be visualized in the tumors of three different mouse tumor models (breast, brain, and colon tumor) with high image contrast. The high photothermal conversion efficiency of CR880-NPs (∼58%) subsequently enabled efficient in vivo tumor elimination using a low energy laser, while remaining biocompatible and well-tolerated. This work introduces a promising novel agent for cancer theranostics of challenging deep-seated tumors.
Crystal structure of tetrasodium-bis(μ
2-oxido)-hexafluoro-didioxo-molybdenum(V), Na2(Mo2O4F6)
Authors: Wu-Hua Chen , Zhu-Sen Zhang , Ze-Hai Qiu , Li-Ting Wen , Hong Xu
Published: September 2022

O4F6Na2Mo2, triclinic,

P

1
‾

$P\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.6154(6) Å, b = 7.8572(8) Å, c = 9.3588(11) Å, α = 95.257(9)°, β = 90.753(9)°, γ = 113.426(10)°, V = 443.83(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0431, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1125, T = 293(2) K.
Biofuel as an alternative energy source for environmental sustainability
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Padmapriya Gopalakrisnan , De Zoys Sanduni Anupama , Omoikhoje Izegaegbe Daniel
Published: September 2022

Organic carbon fixation is the primary source of biofuels energy. Plant biomass and municipal and industrial waste are used to make gasoline that is renewable and biodegradable. Biofuel could be beneficial due to the reduced dependency on fuel, to lower the reliance on overseas oil, to lower the emissions of greenhouse gases and it provides job opportunities for the rural people. Moreover, due to the very high demand for fuel, because most of the machines, vehicles use fuel to conduct day today activities. Due to this high demand, the price is also very high. Not only that, the burning of fossil fuel normally release carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide which are the greenhouse gases. But although biogas too releases those gases, they are released in very lower amounts. Therefore, fuel can act as a good solution for the problems that occur due to global warming and many other environmental problems.
A meta-analytical review of transcranial direct current stimulation parameters on upper limb motor learning in healthy older adults and people with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Siew-Pin Leuk Jessie , Yow Kai-En , Zi-Xin Tan Clenyce , Hendy Ashlee M. , Kar-Wing Tan Mika , Hock-Beng Ng Tommy , Teo Wei-Peng
Published: September 2022

Current literature lacks consolidated evidence for the impact of stimulation parameters on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in enhancing upper limb motor learning. Hence, we aim to synthesise available methodologies and results to guide future research on the usage of tDCS on upper limb motor learning, specifically in older adults and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thirty-two studies (Healthy older adults, N = 526, M = 67.25, SD = 4.30 years; PD, N = 216, M = 66.62, SD = 6.25 years) were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies consisted of active and sham protocols. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted for (i) subjects (healthy older adults and PD); (ii) intensity (1.0, 1.5, 2 mA); (iii) electrode montage (unilateral anodal, bilateral anodal, unilateral cathodal); (iv) stimulation site (cerebellum, frontal, motor, premotor, SMA, somatosensory); (v) protocol (online, offline). Significant tDCS effect on motor learning was reported for both populations, intensity 1.0 and 2.0 mA, unilateral anodal and cathodal stimulation, stimulation site of the motor and premotor cortex, and both online and offline protocols. Regression showed no significant relationship between tDCS effects and density. The efficacy of tDCS is also not affected by the number of sessions. However, studies that reported only single session tDCS found significant negative association between duration with motor learning outcomes. Our findings suggest that different stimulation parameters enhanced upper limb motor learning in older adults and PD. Future research should combine tDCS with neuroimaging techniques to help with optimisation of the stimulation parameters, considering the type of task and population.
Exploration des systèmes de signes dans quatre jeux sportifs : analyse comparative du football, du handball, de la balle assise et du jeu des trois camps
Authors: Oboeuf Alexandre , Collard Luc , Buffet Josephine
Published: September 2022

Dans les situations sociomotrices, l’engagement des participants n’est pas seulement réductible aux communications directes (impliquant un rapport à l’objet ou un corps-à-corps). Il est surtout lié à l’émergence de systèmes de signes assurant la dynamique globale du jeu. Nous proposons d’appréhender la communication comme un système d’interaction global constitué de plusieurs canaux. On y retrouve les communications directes mais aussi quatre systèmes de signes : celui des praxèmes, des gestèmes, des gestes et des communications verbales. Ce travail interroge la place de chaque canal communicationnel dans deux sports (football, handball) et deux jeux traditionnels (Balle assise et Trois camps). Nous recrutons trois groupes de 20 étudiants pour participer aux jeux mentionnés. Les communications sont filmées, décryptées, triées et catégorisées. On constate une forte prévalence des praxèmes dans les sports collectifs, tandis que la répartition des communications est plus équilibrée dans les jeux traditionnels (p < 0.01). La quantité, la variabilité et l’organisation des signes sont sensibles à la logique interne. Globalement, cette recherche tend à montrer que les jeux sont un formidable laboratoire in vivo pour comprendre l’organisation des systèmes de signes. Spécifiquement, elle apporte des informations sur le pouvoir socialisant de la sémiotricité de chaque jeu et sur le renouvellement des pédagogies qu’elle peut engendrer.
A modernidade/colonialidade no imaginário nacional sobre Amazônia em um contexto de terceiro mundo
Authors: Pereira de Lima Joicieli
Published: September 2022

O presente artigo busca expor imaginários que foram sendo construídos sobre a Amazônia desde o período colonial e também durante o processo de desenvolvimento de um projetonacional, tais como o Eldorado, vazio demográfico e pulmão do mundo, e como essas imagens, através da modernidade/colonialidade, ainda permeiam nosso imaginário e consequentemente nossas ações. Diante disso, o objetivo geral da pesquisa está em compreender como essa lógica modernidade/colonialidade se faz presente no imaginárionacional sobre a Amazônia. Para tal entendimento, os estudos decoloniais servirão como base para nortear a pesquisa e compreender como a modernidade/colonialidade permeia aAmazônia, trazendo principalmente conceitos de Arturo Escobar, fundamentais na discussão e crítica acerca do desenvolvimento e de práticas de resistência baseadas no local. Estapesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, tem como procedimentos metodológicos a revisão bibliográfica e a aplicação de questionário eletrônico para coleta de dados. A partir dosresultados obtidos conclui-se que as lógicas de desenvolvimento contribuem para uma continuação dos processos de modernidade/colonialidade na Amazônia, impactando diretamente sua população, que é caracterizada no imaginário nacional como subdesenvolvida, atrasada, primitiva, além de outros estereótipos que carrega desde o período colonial e que se perpetuam até os dias atuais. Diante disso, acredito que esse artigo irá contribuir profundamente para entendermos as dinâmicas que estão postas na Amazônia e como isso afeta sua população a partir de um imaginário que se foi construindo sobre a região.
Manaus, a metrópole da “Amazônia”
Authors: Adriana Lima Corrêa Silvia
Published: September 2022

As discussões sobre urbanização são usualmente direcionadas por unívoca perspectiva em que "o rural precede o urbano", assim como estas sugerem que tal mudança tem como marco inicial a industrialização. Entretanto, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica que se sustenta em autores como Becker (2013), Browder e Godfrey (2006), Oliveira e Schor (2009), pretende-se demonstrar que o processo de urbanização na Amazônia ocorreu de maneira inversa e diferente das demais regiões brasileiras, embora seja uma versão pouco difundida no país. O vazio de informações acerca da versão amazônica de urbanização faz com que a explicação majoritária sobre o processo de urbanização brasileira se imponha e que passemos a interpretar nossa trajetória por meio de outros caminhos que não foram exatamente os percorridos. Este artigo pode ser entendido como uma provocação com o intuito de difundir a versão amazônica de urbanização, ainda que com limitações, pontuando como o conjunto de aspectos simbólicos e materiais, formam a concretude que atuou ativamente para a estigmatização desta região. É por meio da dinâmica e estrutura das relações de poder que pretende-se explicar a posição subalterna desta região em relação às demais regiões brasileiras consideradas centrais. Propõe-se essa análise tendo como parâmetro o processo ocorrido em uma de suas principais metrópoles: a cidade de Manaus, capital do estado do Amazonas.
Altered Behavioral Responses Show GABA Sensitivity in Muscleblind-Like 2-Deficient Mice: Implications for CNS Symptoms in Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Edokpolor Kamyra S. , Banerjee Anwesha , McEachin Zachary T. , Gu Jingsheng , Kosti Adam , Arboleda Juan D. , García Paul S. , Wang Eric T. , Bassell Gary J.
Published: September 2022

Considerable evidence from mouse models and human postmortem brain suggests loss of Muscleblind-like protein 2 (MBNL2) function in brain is a major driver of CNS symptoms in Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). Increased hypersomnia, fatigue, and surgical complications associated with general anesthesia suggest possible sensitivity to GABAergic inhibition in DM1. To test the hypothesis that MBNL2 depletion leads to behavioral sensitivity to GABAAreceptor (GABAA-R) modulation,Mbnl2knock-out (KO) and wild-type (WT) littermates were treated with the anesthetic sevoflurane, the benzodiazepine diazepam, the imidazopyridine zolpidem, and the benzodiazepine rescue agent, flumazenil (Ro 15-1788), and assessed for various behavioral metrics.Mbnl2KO mice exhibited delayed recovery following sevoflurane, delayed emergence and recovery from zolpidem, and enhanced sleep time at baseline that was modulated by flumazenil. A significantly higher proportion ofMbnl2KO mice also loss their righting reflex [loss of righting reflex (LORR)] from a standard diazepam dose. We further examined whether MBNL2 depletion affects total GABAA-R mRNA subunit levels and validated RNA-sequencing data of mis-splicedGabrg2, whose isoform ratios are known to regulate GABA sensitivity and associated behaviors. While no other GABAA-R subunit mRNA levels tested were altered inMbnl2KO mouse prefrontal cortex,Gabrg2S/LmRNA ratio levels were significantly altered. Taken together, our findings indicate that loss of MBNL2 function affects GABAergic function in a mouse model of myotonic dystrophy (DM1).
Vitamin D deficiency in British South Asians, a persistent but avoidable problem associated with many health risks (including rickets, T2DM, CVD, COVID-19 and pregnancy complications): the case for correcting this deficiency
Authors: Boucher Barbara J
Published: September 2022

High vitamin D deficiency rates, with rickets and osteomalacia, have been common in South Asians (SAs) arriving in Britain since the 1950s with preventable infant deaths from hypocalcaemic status-epilepticus and cardiomyopathy. Vitamin D deficiency increases common SA disorders (type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease), recent trials and non-linear Mendelian randomisation studies having shown deficiency to be causal for both disorders. Ethnic minority, obesity, diabetes and social deprivation are recognised COVID-19 risk factors, but vitamin D deficiency is not, despite convincing mechanistic evidence of it. Adjusting analyses for obesity/ethnicity abolishes vitamin D deficiency in COVID-19 risk prediction, but both factors lower serum 25(OH)D specifically. Social deprivation inadequately explains increased ethnic minority COVID-19 risks. SA vitamin D deficiency remains uncorrected after 70 years, official bodies using ‘education’, ‘assimilation’ and ‘diet’ as ‘proxies’ for ethnic differences and increasing pressures to assimilate. Meanwhile, English rickets was abolished from ~1940 by free ‘welfare foods’ (meat, milk, eggs, cod liver oil), for all pregnant/nursing mothers and young children (<5 years old). Cod liver oil was withdrawn from antenatal clinics in 1994 (for excessive vitamin A teratogenicity), without alternative provision. The take-up of the 2006 ‘Healthy-Start’ scheme of food-vouchers for low-income families with young children (<3 years old) has been poor, being inaccessible and poorly publicised. COVID-19 pandemic advice for UK adults in ‘lockdown’ was ‘400 IU vitamin D/day’, inadequate for correcting the deficiency seen winter/summer at 17.5%/5.9% in White, 38.5%/30% in Black and 57.2%/50.8% in SA people in representative UK Biobank subjects when recruited ~14 years ago and remaining similar in 2018. Vitamin D inadequacy worsens many non-skeletal health risks. Not providing vitamin D for preventing SA rickets and osteomalacia continues to be unacceptable, as deficiency-related health risks increase ethnic health disparities, while abolishing vitamin D deficiency would be easier and more cost-effective than correcting any other factor worsening ethnic minority health in Britain.
A filler distribution factor and its relationship with the critical properties of mineral-filled paper
Authors: Song Shunxi , Yuan Shibo , Zhang Meiyun , Li Lin , Yang Bin , Nie Jingyi , Lu Zhaoqing
Published: September 2022

The use of mineral fillers in the paper industry has attracted much attention due to its low cost and ability to improve optical properties and printability. Besides the filler characteristics, paper properties, such as bulk, tensile, and opacity, are greatly affected by filler distribution in the z-direction. Therefore, optimization of filler distribution is an effective way to maximize the value of fillers. In this work, a filler distribution factor (Fc) was proposed to quantitatively describe the concentrated degree of filler distribution in the z-direction. The reduction in Fc resulted in an increase in paper bulk, porosity, and opacity, due to the generation of more interfaces between fibers and fillers. When filler particles were concentrated in one layer (Fc = 1), the tensile strength of the filled paper increased between 26 to 40% in comparison to the paper with various Fc values. For a given Fc, better tensile and opacity properties were achieved by increasing filler concentration on the surface layer of paper.
Impact of mechanical refining on the heat tolerance of cellulosic paper
Authors: Yang Fei , Li Yanli , Zhang Yang , Feng Yucheng
Published: September 2022

Cellulosic paper is widely used in various applications, such as for decoration and in cold-rolled stainless steel. The thermal stabilities of cellulosic fibers were investigated with a thermogravimetric analyzer. Additionally, the impact of mechanical refining on the heat resistance of cellulosic paper was evaluated by testing the tensile strength and brightness of the samples derived from pulp with various beating degrees. The morphology of the paper was characterized with scanning electron microscopy and the monose content of the pulp samples was determined with high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the different pulps had different thermal stabilities. Because of pulp refining, the heat tolerance was enhanced in terms of the strength and optical properties. Compared with the original papers, the tensile strength and brightness of the 40°SR papers on average increased by 217% and 114%, respectively, all evaluated after heating at 240 °C. Therefore, the heat tolerance of cellulosic paper can be tuned with pulp refining.
Enzymatic response to structural and chemical transformations in Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima bark and core during phosphoric acid pretreatment
Authors: Premjet Siripong , Dana Suchada , Obeng Abraham Kusi , Premjet Duangporn
Published: September 2022

To investigate the potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa var. altissima (Thai kenaf) biomass as a feedstock for bioethanol production, Thai kenaf bark and core were pretreated at a moderate temperature with different phosphoric acid (H3PO4) concentrations. It was revealed that there was a higher glucan content in the Thai kenaf bark (57.97% ± 0.36%) compared with that in the core (43.10% ± 0.15%). The H3PO4 pretreatment resulted in a reduction in the lignin content and total removal of hemicellulose. This exposed the cellulose to attack by cellulase enzymes and resulted in an increased enzymatic digestibility. A high glucose concentration (GC; 7.02 g/L) and hydrolysis efficiency (HE; 95.79%) were achieved with 75% H3PO4 for the bark after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. However, these values were not that different from those of the 70% H3PO4-pretreated bark (6.89 g/L and 95.43%, respectively). Nevertheless, the Thai kenaf core pretreated with 75% H3PO4 recorded a higher GC (6.30 g/L) and HE (91.67%) after 72 h of enzymatic hydrolysis. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed the destruction of the surface structure and an increase in the porosity and crystallinity index of the Thai kenaf biomass, which corresponded to an increased enzymatic digestibility.
Effect of lignocellulose nanofibril and polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate addition on plasticized lignin/polycaprolactone composites
Authors: Park Chan-Woo , Youe Won-Jae , Namgung Hyun-Woo , Han Song-Yi , Seo Pureun-Narae , Chae Hee-Mun , Lee Seung-Hwan
Published: September 2022

Kraft lignin was plasticized with ε-caprolactone via twin-screw extrusion at 150 °C, and its glass transition temperature was decreased from 155 to 96 °C. The lignin or plasticized lignin (p-lignin)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composites with and without lignocellulose nanofibril (LCNF) or polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) were prepared, and their properties were compared. The p-lignin was better dispersed in the PCL than neat lignin, and the p-lignin/PCL composites exhibited a homogenous fractured surface despite the addition of LCNF. An increase in the lignin or p-lignin content decreased the tensile strength and elastic moduli but increased the melt flow index (MFI). With the addition of pMDI and LCNF, the tensile properties and MFI improved and declined, respectively. The strength improvement by pMDI and LCNF was better in the p-lignin/PCL composite than in the lignin/PCL composite.
American beech in value-added hardwood products: Assessing consumer preferences
Authors: Bernard Anne , Gélinas Nancy , Duchateau Emmanuel , Durocher Claude , Achim Alexis
Published: September 2022

The depleted state of the northern hardwood forests of Quebec, Canada has forced the hardwood flooring industry to adapt its production. American beech (Fagus grandifolia), a traditionally less desired species, is now increasingly being included in wood supplies to sawmills in western Quebec, where forest managers hope this resource can be valued before the onset of significant mortality and wood degradation from the beech bark disease. This study aimed: 1) to assess the preferences of consumers towards American beech flooring products compared to well known species traditionally used in this market; and 2) to compare results obtained in face-to-face surveys with web-based surveys of consumer preferences. Results from both survey types revealed that the finishing colour was the most important factor affecting the decision of respondents, followed by species and price. American beech ranked third in species preferences, just above birch. Divulgating species names only affected (positively) the perception of respondents towards oak. It was concluded that American beech could be included in the current wood flooring market, probably among cheaper options such as birch. The similarity of results from face-to-face and online surveys suggests that general trends in consumer preferences could be rapidly and cheaply assessed using the latter option.
A sokféleség mint rejtett dimenzió egyházi iskolás diákok narratíváiban
Authors: Kodácsy-Simon Eszter , Seres-Busi Etelka
Published: September 2022

Az egyházi iskolák céljainak és jellemzőinek vizsgálata között egyre fontosabb,
hogy szerepet kapjon a diákok aktív konstruáló szerepére való utalás is. Jelen
feltáró jellegű kutatásban 37 egyházi fenntartású iskolában frissen
érettségizett, illetve az adott tanévben érettségiző diákkal készült interjú.
Olyan történetek felelevenítésére kértük őket, melyek megmutatják, hogy a diákok
számára melyek az iskolájuk meghatározó sajátosságai, valamint az általuk
azonosított rejtett céljai és üzenetei. Az elemzés során kulcstényezőként jelent
meg a kódok között a „sokféleség, sokszínűség” szempontja, melyet a diákok
személyes erőforrásaikat aktiváló tényezőként említenek például az
életkérdésekkel való foglalkozás vagy a saját világkép és hitmegélés alakítása
kapcsán is. A tanulmány bemutatja a magfogalom kapcsolódásait és a diákok által
megfogalmazott jelentéseit.
Egyházak a köznevelési költségvetésben
Authors: Péteri Gábor , Szilágyi Bernadett
Published: September 2022

A 2010. évi kormányváltást követően az egyházi fenntartású intézmények
köznevelésen belüli súlya gyors növekedésnek indult. Rövid idő alatt
érzékelhetővé váltak az egyházi iskolák térnyerésének társadalmi következményei
is. A lezajlott változásokhoz hozzájárultak az új finanszírozási és gazdálkodási
szabályok. A tanulmány az egyházi fenntartású oktatási intézmények
finanszírozásának és gazdálkodási gyakorlatának vizsgálatával arra a
következtetésre jut, hogy i) a köznevelés finanszírozásában az elvárt
szektorsemlegesség nem valósul meg; ii) a kedvezőbb pénzügyi helyzetben lévő
egyházi iskolák működése viszont hatékonyabb, mint a központosított
intézményeké; ugyanakkor iii) az egyházi fenntartású intézmények gazdálkodásának
nyilvánossága és így elszámoltathatósága korlátozott.