bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and prognosis of prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Diego-Yagüe Itziar , Ramos-Martínez Antonio , Muñoz Patricia , Martínez-Sellés Manuel , Machado Marina , de Alarcón Arístides , Miró José M. , Rodríguez-Gacía Raquel , Gutierrez-Díez José Francisco , Hidalgo-Tenorio Carmen , Loeches-Yagüe Belén , López-Azor Juan Carlos
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic valve endocarditis (SAPVE) is a serious infection with high mortality. The main objective of this study was to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality.

Methods

From January 2008 to December 2021, consecutive patients from a Spanish cohort of infective endocarditis with a definitive diagnosis of SAPVE were analyzed.

Results

During the study period, 219 cases of definitive SAPVE were diagnosed, which accounted for 16.7% of a total of 1309 cases of definitive prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). Patients presented advanced age and marked comorbidity. There was a higher incidence of persistent bacteremia, septic shock, stroke, and acute kidney injury than in cases of PVE caused by other microorganisms. Methicillin resistance was not associated with differences in clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings, or mortality. Only 50.6% of the patients with surgical indications (88 patients) underwent surgery. Overall, in-hospital mortality was 47.9%. The variables associated with in-hospital mortality were age (OR:1.03, 95% CI: 1.00-1.05; p = 0.016), heart failure (OR:2.86, 95% CI: 1.53–5.32; p = 0.001), acute kidney injury (OR:2.42, 95%CI:1.28–4.58; p = 0.006), stroke (OR:3.53, 95%CI:1.79–6.96; p < 0.001) and surgery indicated but not performed (OR:2.01, 95%CI:1.06–3.8; p = 0.030). On the other hand, the performance of surgery per se in patients with SAPVE, regardless of whether there was a surgical indication according to the guidelines, was not associated with a reduction in in-hospital mortality.

Conclusions

SAPVE is characterized by high mortality, which is more marked in patients who present a surgical indication but do not undergo surgery.
Efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy compared to conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumor: a multicenter, prospective study
Authors: Hinata Nobuyuki , Murakami Sae , Nakano Yuzo , Hara Isao , Kondo Tsunenori , Hamamoto Shuzo , Shiroki Ryoichi , Nagayama Jun , Kawakita Mutsushi , Eto Masatoshi , Ukimura Osamu , Takenaka Atsushi , Takagi Toshio , Shimbo Masaki , Azuma Haruhito , Yoshida Tetsuya , Furukawa Junya , Kawamorita Naoki , Fujisawa Masato
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed to compare the efficacy of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumors with the reported outcomes of conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and investigate the transition of renal function after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, multicenter, single-arm, open-label trial across 17 academic centers in Japan. Patients with endophytic renal tumors classified as cT1, cN0, cM0 were included and underwent robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. We defined two primary outcomes to assess functional and oncological aspects of the procedure, which were represented by the warm ischemic time and positive surgical margin, respectively. Comparisons were made using control values previously reported in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy studies. In the historical control group, the warm ischemia time was 25.2, and the positive surgical margin was 13%.

Results

Our per-protocol analysis included 98 participants. The mean warm ischemic time was 20.3 min (99% confidence interval 18.3–22.3; p < 0.0001 vs. 25.2). None of the 98 participants had a positive surgical margin (99% confidence interval 0–5.3%; p < 0.0001 vs. 13.0%). The renal function ratio of eGFR before and after protocol treatment multiplied by splits was 0.70 (95% confidence interval: 0.66–0.75). Factors such as preoperative eGFR, resected weight, and warm ischemic time influenced the functional loss of the partially nephrectomized kidney after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy.

Conclusions

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy for completely endophytic renal tumors offers a shorter warm ischemia time and comparable positive surgical margin rate compared with conventional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
The authenticity dilemma: towards a theory on the conditions and effects of authentic learning
Authors: Nachtigall Valentina , Shaffer David Williamson , Rummel Nikol
Published: August 2024

A highly authentic learning setting is likely to trigger positive motivational and emotional reactions due to its emphasis on promoting the acquisition of knowledge that is connected and transferable to real-world phenomena outside the learning environment. However, a high level of authenticity is usually accompanied by a high level of complexity due to the complexity inherent in the real world. This complexity can be overwhelming for learners and can hamper or even prevent cognitive learning outcomes. Consequently, to help learners cope with this complexity, they need some kind of instructional support. By building a high level of support into the learning setting in order to promote cognitive learning outcomes, the level of authenticity and thereby the effects of authenticity on motivational outcomes may, however, in turn be reduced. In the present conceptual paper, we refer to this tension between authenticity and complexity, on the one hand, and instructional support, on the other hand, as the “authenticity dilemma”. Based on existing empirical evidence from previous studies, we (1) outline this dilemma, (2) discuss ways to reconceptualize it, and (3) derive implications regarding the conditions and effects of authentic learning. Finally, we discuss the findings of the studies included in the special issue “Perspectives on Authentic Learning” through the lens of the authenticity dilemma.
A Problem for Autonomous Know-How
Authors: Robertson Ian
Published: August 2024

In his recent Autonomous Knowledge monograph, J. Adam Carter develops a non-standard anti-intellectualist account of know-how. On this account, an agent manifesting know-how necessarily involves her exhibiting a particular kind of cognitive grasp of the mechanism by which she performs her action. Carter considers a potential problem for his new anti-intellectualism: namely, whether it precludes less cognitively sophisticated agents from knowing how. In this discussion piece, I argue that his attempts to assuage such concerns—by appeal to work by Duncan Pritchard—fails to address the problem.
Assessing the influence of sleep and sampling time on metabolites in oral fluid: implications for metabolomics studies
Authors: Scholz Michael , Steuer Andrea Eva , Dobay Akos , Landolt Hans-Peter , Kraemer Thomas
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The human salivary metabolome is a rich source of information for metabolomics studies. Among other influences, individual differences in sleep-wake history and time of day may affect the metabolome.

Objectives

We aimed to characterize the influence of a single night of sleep deprivation compared to sufficient sleep on the metabolites present in oral fluid and to assess the implications of sampling time points for the design of metabolomics studies.

Methods

Oral fluid specimens of 13 healthy young males were obtained in Salivette® devices at regular intervals in both a control condition (repeated 8-hour sleep) and a sleep deprivation condition (total sleep deprivation of 8 h, recovery sleep of 8 h) and their metabolic contents compared in a semi-targeted metabolomics approach.

Results

Analysis of variance results showed factor ‘time’ (i.e., sampling time point) representing the major influencer (median 9.24%, range 3.02–42.91%), surpassing the intervention of sleep deprivation (median 1.81%, range 0.19–12.46%). In addition, we found about 10% of all metabolic features to have significantly changed in at least one time point after a night of sleep deprivation when compared to 8 h of sleep.

Conclusion

The majority of significant alterations in metabolites’ abundances were found when sampled in the morning hours, which can lead to subsequent misinterpretations of experimental effects in metabolomics studies. Beyond applying a within-subject design with identical sample collection times, we highly recommend monitoring participants’ sleep-wake schedules prior to and during experiments, even if the study focus is not sleep-related (e.g., via actigraphy).
Survival and transfer potential of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonising polyethylene microplastics in contaminated agricultural soils
Authors: Woodford Luke , Fellows Rosie , White Hannah L. , Ormsby Michael J. , Pow Chloe J. , Quilliam Richard S.
Published: August 2024

Agricultural environments are becoming increasingly contaminated with plastic pollution. Plastics in the environment can also provide a unique habitat for microbial biofilm, termed the ‘plastisphere’, which can also support the persistence of human pathogens such as Salmonella. Human enteric Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium can enter agricultural environments via flooding or from irrigation with contaminated water. Using soil mesocosms we quantified the ability of S. Typhimurium to persist on microplastic beads in two agriculturally relevant soils, under ambient and repeat flood scenarios. S. Typhimurium persisted in the plastisphere for 35 days in both podzol and loamy soils; while during multiple flood events was able to survive in the plastisphere for up to 21 days. S. Typhimurium could dissociate from the plastisphere during flooding events and migrate through soil in leachate, and importantly could colonise new plastic particles in the soil, suggesting that plastic pollution in agricultural soils can aid S. Typhimurium persistence and facilitate further dissemination within the environment. The potential for increased survival of enteric human pathogens in agricultural and food production environments due to plastic contamination poses a significant public health risk, particularly in potato or root vegetable systems where there is the potential for direct contact with crops.
Performance evaluation of the nano-biodegradable drilling fluid using the greenly synthesized zinc nanorods and gundelia seed waste
Authors: Ali Jagar A. , Gailani Rayan , Abdullah Abdullah D. , Jaf Pshtiwan T. , Simo Sherwan Mohammed , Abdalqadir Mardin , Faris Vinos Mushir
Published: August 2024

Addressing the increasing demand for green additives in drilling fluids is essential for the sustainable development of the oil and gas industry. Fluid loss into porous and permeable formations during drilling presents significant challenges. This study introduced an innovative, environmentally sustainable drilling fluid known as nano-biodegradable drilling fluid (NBDF). The NBDF formulation incorporates greenly synthesized zinc nanorods (ZNRs) and gundelia seed shell powder, with ZNRs derived from Cydonia oblonga plant extracts using an eco-friendly method. The research developed multiple drilling fluid variants for experimentation: a reference drilling fluid (BM); biodegradable drilling fluid (BDF) with particle sizes of 75, 150, 300, and 600 µm at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 1 wt% (GSMs); a drilling nanofluid (DNF) with ZNRs at a 0.1 wt% concentration (ZNR); and NBDF combining both nano and gundelia waste (GS-ZNR). Experimental tests were conducted under various temperature and pressure conditions, including low temperature and low pressure (LTLP) and high temperature and high pressure (HTHP). Rheological and filtration measurements were performed to assess the impact of the nano-biodegradable additives on flow behavior and fluid loss. Results indicated that incorporating 1 wt% of gundelia seed shell powder with a particle size of 75 µm led to a 19.61% reduction in fluid loss compared to BM at 75 °C and 200 psi. The performance of the same GSM improved by 31% under identical conditions when 1 wt% of zinc ZNRs was added. Notably, the GS-ZNR formulation demonstrated the most effective performance in reducing fluid loss into the formation, decreasing mud cake thickness, and enhancing the flow behavior of the non-Newtonian reference drilling fluid. This study highlights the relevance of particle size in the effectiveness of biodegradable additives and underscores the potential of NBDF to address environmental concerns in the oil and gas drilling industry.
Undermining liberal international organizations from within: Evidence from the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
Authors: Lipps Jana , Jacob Marc S.
Published: August 2024

International organizations promoting democratic governance and human rights are increasingly challenged by some of their own member states. To better understand this dynamic, we propose a distinction between the illiberal ideology of political parties and their regime environment, aiming to examine the international behavior of actors extending beyond autocratic governments. We argue that the domestic regime environment plays a pivotal role in influencing the extent to which illiberal parties engage in contestation to undermine liberal norms on the international stage. We expect contestation behavior to be primarily driven by illiberal parties seeking to diminish the influence of liberal international politics on domestic power structures. Moreover, we contend that government participation moderates illiberal parties’ contestation behavior. To test our expectations empirically, we study roll call votes in the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), one of the most powerful international parliaments promoting liberal values. Drawing on an original dataset that records approximately 500,000 individual votes cast in PACE decisions, we find evidence for substantive contestation by illiberal parties, especially those representing illiberal regimes. Only illiberal governments in liberal systems moderate themselves at the amendment stage. Our study has implications for the potential threat that emerging illiberal actors pose to international liberal institutions.
SEOM clinical guidelines on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer (2023)
Authors: Morán Laura Ortega , Mateo Francisco José Pelegrín , Balanyà Rut Porta , Revuelta Jacobo Rogado , Martínez Silverio Ros , Fombella José Pablo Berros , Vázquez Elena María Brozos , Caro Natalia Luque , Langa José Muñoz , Fernández Mercedes Salgado
Published: August 2024

The Spanish Society of Medical Oncology (SEOM) last published clinical guidelines on venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer in 2019, with a partial update in 2020. In this new update to the guidelines, SEOM seeks to incorporate recent evidence, based on a critical review of the literature, to provide practical current recommendations for the prophylactic and therapeutic management of VTE in patients with cancer. Special clinical situations whose management and/or choice of currently recommended therapeutic options (low-molecular-weight heparins [LMWHs] or direct-acting oral anticoagulants [DOACs]) is controversial are included.
From Silence to Canvas: The Role of Artivism in Transforming Gender and Sexuality Norms
Authors: Christopher Ashitha Mary
Published: August 2024

This study delves into the uncharted scholarly intersection of art, LGBTQ + advocacy, and critical consciousness in India, to survey the current state of LGBTQ + artivism and explore how various artistic modalities operate their potential to transform gender and sexuality norms. It identifies LGBTQ + artivism as functioning primarily in two modes: the externalization of internal psychic states and the collective ingroup-outgroup engagement. The study observes that the transformative impacts of LGBTQ + artivism are often transient and rooted in affective responses; however, as possessing the potential to challenge normative ideologies and influence critical consciousness. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s framework, the study highlights that artivists function as ‘cultural intermediaries,’ employing various modalities that elicit different capacities for public involvement. Artworks that externalize internal psychic states, through mediums such as acrylic paintings and digital illustrations, are seen to facilitate the personal agency of LGBTQ + artists through the reimagination of the self amid societal discrimination of non-normativity. Additionally, collective and participatory artivism utilizes public platforms to foster dialogues that problematize the ‘us versus them’ dichotomy, both within and outside digital spaces. Through the lens of Bourdieu, the study also identifies digital LGBTQ + platforms as sites of ‘cultural consecration,’ offering inclusive alternatives to traditional gatekeeping in art production and dissemination.
Multicenter survey about leg length discrepancy and total hip arthroplasty: postoperative management
Authors: Stimolo D. , Lo Giudice S. , Matassi F. , Innocenti M. , Civinini R. , Boniforti F.
Published: August 2024

Background

We created a Multicenter Survey for Italian orthopedics surgeons on how they approach leg length discrepancy when dealing with primary total hip arthroplasty. Aim of the study was to show how surgeons manage LLD and follow literature recommendations during clinical practice.

Methods

The Survey was composed of 25 questions divided in 4 sections: surgeon’s profile, preoperative and intraoperative evaluation, postoperative management. In this paper, we report the absolute and relative frequencies of answers to section on “postoperative management.” Then, regarding the treatment of residual LLD, we reported whether trauma surgeons and experts in replacement surgery had higher odds ratios for providing “literature-based” answers compared to orthopedics physicians.

Results

Only four questions received more than 70% agreement on one of the answers. The OR for giving the “literature-based” answer, taking OP as the reference group was 1.57 for TR and 1.72 for RS for 10 mm LLD at first follow-up (FU) and 1.23 TR and 1.32 RS when 20 mm. When 10 mm LLD at 3 months FU the OR was 0.88 TR and 1.15 RS. The OR for treatment of LLD after the first examination of a new patient was 2.16 TR and 1.85 RS.

Conclusions

LLD is a debated topic with no definitive recommendations. Many decisions still depend on tradition. Treatment of LLD during clinical practice often differs from literature recommendations.
Advancement and Innovations in Drying of Biopharmaceuticals, Nutraceuticals, and Functional Foods
Authors: Ramachandran Rani Puthukulangara , Nadimi Mohammad , Cenkowski Stefan , Paliwal Jitendra
Published: August 2024

Drying is a crucial unit operation within the functional foods and biopharmaceutical industries, acting as a fundamental preservation technique and a mechanism to maintain these products' bioactive components and nutritional values. The heat-sensitive bioactive components, which carry critical quality attributes, necessitate a meticulous selection of drying methods and conditions backed by robust research. In this review, we investigate challenges associated with drying these heat-sensitive materials and examine the impact of various drying methods. Our thorough research extensively covers ten notable drying methods: heat pump drying, freeze-drying, spray drying, vacuum drying, fluidized bed drying, superheated steam drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, osmotic drying, vacuum drying, and supercritical fluid drying. Each method is tailored to address the requirements of specific functional foods and biopharmaceuticals and provides a comprehensive account of each technique's inherent advantages and potential limitations. Further, the review ventures into the exploration of combined hybrid drying techniques and smart drying technologies with industry 4.0 tools such as automation, AI, machine learning, IoT, and cyber-physical systems. These innovative methods are designed to enhance product performance and elevate the quality of the final product in the drying of functional foods and biopharmaceuticals. Through a thorough survey of the drying landscape, this review illuminates the intricacies of these operations and underscores their pivotal role in functional foods and biopharmaceutical production.
Die Bundeswehr im Schatten des modernen Krieges: Russlands Angriff auf die Ukraine und seine Folgen für Deutschlands Rüstungspolitik
Authors: Sebaldt Martin
Published: August 2024

Der Ukrainekrieg hat in Deutschland zu einer rüstungspolitischen Zeitenwende geführt. Durch das „Sondervermögen Bundeswehr“ sollen Versäumnisse der letzten Jahrzehnte beseitigt werden. Dies gelingt jedoch nur partiell: Zentrale Beschaffungsprojekte sind zwar auf dem Weg, jedoch fehlt weiterhin eine wegweisende rüstungspolitische Gesamtplanung, denn die neue Nationale Sicherheitsstrategie und die aktuellen Verteidigungspolitischen Richtlinien leisten dies nicht.
Behind Videoconferencing Fatigue at Work
Authors: Abramova Olga , Gladkaya Margarita
Published: August 2024

A remarkable peculiarity of videoconferencing (VC) applications – the self-view – a.k.a. digital mirror, is examined as a potential reason behind the voiced exhaustion among users. This work draws on technostress research and objective self-awareness theory and proposes the communication role (sender vs. receiver) as an interaction variable. We report the results of two studies among European employees (n1 = 176, n2 = 253) with a one-year time lag. A higher frequency of self-view in a VC when receiving a message, i.e., listening to others, indirectly increases negative affect (study 1 & 2) and exhaustion (study 2) via the increased state of public self-awareness. Self-viewing in the role of message sender, e.g., as an online presenter, also increases public self-awareness, but its overall effects are less harmful. As for individual differences, users predisposed to public self-consciousness were more concerned with how other VC participants perceived them. Gender effects were insignificant.
Building the Processes Behind the Product: How Digital Ventures Create Business Processes That Support Their Growth
Authors: Wuttke Tobias , Haskamp Thomas , Perscheid Michael , Uebernickel Falk
Published: August 2024

Business process management (BPM) is changing in the digital age. As a result, organizations are confronted with new logics that their business processes adhere to: processes are designed to allow for easy adaptability, infrastructure becomes progressively more flexible, and process participants make their own decisions in ambiguous situations. In this context, business process change becomes increasingly important. Digital ventures – key phenomena in the digital age – heavily rely on digital technology and, hence, have the potential to change quickly. Consequently, their business processes need to change at the same speed. While the literature on BPM proposes different types of business process change and acknowledges that digital technology can enable such developments, it remains to be explored which specific characteristics of digital technology facilitate business process change. The study investigates this by drawing on a multiple case study with seven digital ventures. It finds four patterns of business process changes in digital ventures, illustrating digital technology’s impact on business processes. The study compares the patterns with existing types of business process change from the literature and discusses differences and similarities, trying to advance the understanding of business process dynamics in the digital age.
Safer Sexting Strategies in Technology-Mediated Sexual Interactions: Findings from a National Study
Authors: Rothmüller Barbara
Published: August 2024

Introduction

While there is extensive research on safer sex, few studies have investigated safer sexting practices. The main objective of this study is to examine the range of security behaviors that individuals adopt in technology-mediated sexual interactions.

Methods

Three studies collected data on social safety, concealment strategies, and technical security in technology-mediated sexual interactions from participants aged 14–75 in Austria and Germany in 2020 and 2022 (Ntotal = 13,070). Patterns in the data were identified via descriptive statistics and regression analysis.

Results

The most common precautions of people who used safer sexting strategies were hiding one’s face (46%), only engaging with digital sex partners that are personally known (41%), and negotiating boundaries of consensual sexting (29%). Binomial regression results show that a sexual minority identity, BDSM preference, frequent contact with sexual communities, and prior experiences of unwanted sexting were associated with adopting a wider variety of safer sexting practices.

Conclusions

The results suggest that the safety strategies used in technology-mediated sexual interactions vary across social groups. Social context factors such as community involvement are associated with the likelihood of safer sexting.

Policy Implications

Knowledge about safer sexting helps minimize harm in technology-mediated sexual interactions. Safer sexting messages aimed at reducing risk and shame should be included as part of community-based safer sexting education and should be tailored to specific target groups including LGBTIQA+ individuals. Policymakers should support interventions that enhance those social environmental factors that contribute to building trust and consent in technology-mediated sexual interactions.
Examining the Interplay of Psychological Well-Being, Health, and Aging in Older LGBT Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chan Alex Siu Wing , Tam Hon Lon , Leung Lok Man , Wong Florence Kwai Ching , Chi Jacqueline Ho Mei , Yan Elsie
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals face mental health challenges and psychological issues due to societal pressures. Discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity continues to affect the well-being of older LGBT adults, despite progress in acceptance and equality. This systematic review examines the health and mental health challenges faced by older LGBT adults.

Methods

We conducted a search of four electronic databases to retrieve primary studies published between 2000 and 2022. Fifteen articles were included in the systematic review.

Results

Our findings reveal that older LGBT adults face victimization and are often forced to conceal their identity. Differential victimization based on sexual identity leads to severe outcomes, such as stress, post-traumatic stress disorder, and loneliness. Discrimination against older LGBT adults contributes to an unhealthy life, disability, depression, and physical health problems.

Conclusions

Tailored interventions, including sensitizing the public and changing perceptions, should address the health challenges and psychological issues faced by older LGBT adults in their lifetime. Discrimination against older LGBT adults must be addressed to ensure they receive the appropriate care and support they require.

Policy Implications

This systematic review highlights the need for targeted interventions and policies to support the mental health and well-being of older LGBT adults. Such policies should aim to sensitize society, challenge discrimination, and address the unique challenges faced by older LGBT adults.
Preparing Children for Invasive Medical Cancer Treatment with “My Logbook”: Preliminary Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Weiler-Wichtl Liesa J. , Fohn-Erhold Verena , Rosenmayr Verena , Hansl Rita , Hopfgartner Maximilian , Fries Jonathan , Schneider Carina , Herzog Kristina , Schellenberg Tobias , Schönthaler Barbara , Stember Nicole , Lein-Köhler Iris , Hoffmann Rahel , Kollmann Alina , Salzmann Nicole , Essl Stefanie , Pal-Handl Katharina , Wasinger-Brandweiner Verena , Rinner Sarah , Schubert Lisa , Lange Sandra , Leiss Ulrike
Published: August 2024

Pediatric cancer is one of the most burdensome chronic diseases, necessitating a variety of severe medical interventions. As a result, the disease and its treatment cause numerous acute and long-term medical, psychological, and socioeconomic strains for young patients and their families. Therefore, psychosocial care using evidence-based interventions (EBIs) before, during, and after medical treatments is essential to ensure that patients receive adequate information and to minimize the adverse emotional and psychosocial impacts such as insecurity, fear, and shame. The present study reports the first promising results of applying cancer-specific psychosocial methods developed in the quality improvement project “My Logbook.” The four assessed tools are specifically designed to adequately prepare pediatric cancer patients for surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. Self and proxy ratings were used to assess the patients’ subjective knowledge and emotional well-being before and after each intervention session. The results showed that patient-centered interventions using various creative and developmentally adapted methodologies (e.g., psychoeducation, crafting, games) have the potential to effectively enhance patient health literacy (V = 120.5, p < .001, r = 0.33) and well-being as manifested in more positive (slope = 0.121, p = .016) and less negative (slope =  − 0.350, p < .001) or neutral emotions (slope =  − 0.202, p = .002). These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing psychosocial tools in pediatric oncology to prevent psychological overload and negative emotions and to increase subjective control beliefs, autonomy, and empowerment. Moreover, the effective application and systematic evaluation of evidence-based psychosocial tools can facilitate the establishment of standardized guidelines for psychosocial care in pediatric oncology. Thereby, the final goal is to ensure the quality of care and to use education to increase the quality of life for all pediatric cancer patients.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04474678 (July 17, 2020)
Hypercyclic and mixing composition operators on $${\mathscr {O}}_M({\mathbb {R}})$$
Authors: Kalmes Thomas , Przestacki Adam
Published: August 2024

In this paper we characterize mixing composition operators acting on the space $${\mathscr {O}}_M({\mathbb {R}})$$

O
M

(
R
)

of slowly increasing smooth functions. Moreover we relate the mixing property of those operators with the solvability of Abel’s functional equation and we give a sufficient condition for sequential hypercyclicity of composition operators on $${\mathscr {O}}_M({\mathbb {R}})$$

O
M

(
R
)

. This is used to prove that many mixing composition operators are hypercyclic.
Brain Punch: K-1 Fights Affect Brain Wave Activity in Professional Kickboxers
Authors: Rydzik Łukasz , Kopańska Marta , Wąsacz Wojciech , Ouergui Ibrahim , Obmiński Zbigniew , Pałka Tomasz , Ambroży Tadeusz , Malliaropoulos Nikos , Maffulli Nicola , Lota Kabir Singh , Jaszczur-Nowicki Jarosław , Król Paweł , Czarny Wojciech , Szczygielski Jacek
Published: August 2024

Background

Kickboxing is a popular striking combat sport, and K-1 is a type of kickboxing. Direct head blows can cause significant long-term injury and affect brain wave activity.

Objectives

We aim to compare the changes in brain wave activities of fighters during a K-1 kickboxing contest to those in a control group, who were striking a punching bag and were not hit by another K-1 athlete.

Methods

A total of 100 professional Polish K-1 kickboxers were split evenly into experimental (n = 50, age 25.5 ± 4.63 years) and control (n = 50, age 26.6 ± 5.22 years) groups. We used quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to assess the spectrum of brain wave activity (delta, theta, alpha, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), beta-1 and beta-2) before and after an intervention (experimental: K-1 contest, control: simulated contest), with eyes open and then closed. The number of direct blows to the head was also recorded for all bouts. Comparative and statistical analyses between selected variables were performed.

Results

K-1 fighters showed elevated baseline brain activity for the entire delta band (p < 0.001). There was significant variation in brain activity among the experimental group following the intervention and compared with the control group for all wave types (p < 0.001). No significant variation in activity was found in the control group. The number of direct head blows was positively correlated with brain activity, at delta and beta-2 wave frequencies.

Conclusions

K-1 kickboxing is associated with detectable changes in brain wave activity. It is presently unclear what the long-term effects of these changes in brain wave activities are, and longitudinal studies are necessary to study the brain health of kickboxers.
Advancing high-speed train gearbox durability: enhanced bearing load and contact stress through transition from helical to herringbone gears
Authors: Wu Hao , Wei Jing , Wu Pingbo , Li Fansong , Qi Yayun
Published: August 2024

High-speed trains typically utilize helical gear transmissions, which significantly impact the bearing load capacity and fatigue service performance of the gearbox bearings. This paper focuses on the gearbox bearings, establishing dynamic models for both helical gear and herringbone gear transmissions in high-speed trains. The modeling particularly emphasizes the precision of the bearings at the gearbox’s pinion and gear wheels. Using this model, a comparative analysis is conducted on the bearing loads and contact stresses of the gearbox bearings under uniform-speed operation between the two gear transmissions. The findings reveal that the helical gear transmission generates axial forces leading to severe load imbalance on the bearings at both sides of the large gear, and this imbalance intensifies with the increase in train speed. Consequently, this results in a significant increase in contact stress on the bearings on one side. The adoption of herringbone gear transmission effectively suppresses axial forces, resolving the load imbalance issue and substantially reducing the contact stress on the originally biased side of the bearings. The study demonstrates that employing herringbone gear transmission can significantly enhance the service performance of high-speed train gearbox bearings, thereby extending their service life.
Setting priorities in outpatient cardiovascular care to guarantee equitable access: the case of Tuscany region
Authors: Benedetto Vera , De Vita Erica , Nuti Sabina
Published: August 2024

Universal healthcare systems orient their actions towards promoting, restoring, and improving public health with a particular focus on the need to guarantee equitable access to care. Unwarranted variation in healthcare delivery poses significant challenges to health systems globally, impacting quality of care, financial sustainability, and equity of access. It is therefore important to assist healthcare management in measuring unwarranted variation in order to prioritise intervention strategies to ensure continuity of care and equity. Through an investigation of geographical variation in visit rates and waiting times, the study identifies vulnerable health districts which need priority interventions for patients with cardiovascular disease in the Tuscany region (Italy). Furthermore, a benchmarking-based method for identifying a quantitative estimate of the supply gap to be reduced is proposed. Results illustrate variation in visit rates and waiting times across local health districts in 2021, with some districts experiencing substantially lower rates and longer waiting times compared to the regional median. To address this gap, two targeted interventions aimed at increasing visit volumes and reduced waiting times through advanced training activities, technology integration, and multidisciplinary collaborations are presented. This study contributes to the topic of unwarranted variation by highlighting the necessity of tailored interventions to address diverse healthcare challenges across heterogeneous geographical areas. As healthcare systems globally navigate evolving complexities, the findings and tools presented here offer valuable guidance for policymakers and managers, aiming towards more equitable, efficient, and responsive healthcare services.
Functional iron deficiency anemia in patients with cancer
Authors: Koh Jeong Suk , Song Ik-Chan
Published: August 2024

Anemia is frequently observed in patients with cancer owing to anticancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and inflammatory responses. This often leads to functional iron deficiency, characterized by adequate iron stores but impaired use of iron for red blood cell production. This condition, termed functional iron deficiency anemia (IDA), is identified by a ferritin level of 30–500 µg/dL and a transferrin saturation < 50%. Functional iron deficiency often develops with the prolonged use of erythropoiesis-stimulating agents, leading to a diminished response to anemia treatment. Although oral iron supplementation is common, intravenous iron is more effective and recommended in such cases. Recent studies have shown that ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) is effective in treating functional IDA in patients with cancer. However, because of its potential to induce asymptomatic severe phosphate deficiency, it is important to closely monitor phosphate levels in patients receiving FCM.
Impact of pharmacist-led microbiology result follow-up post-discharge for patients undergoing inpatient infectious diseases consultation
Authors: Van Abel Amy L. , Virk Abinash , Cole Kristin , Lane Trudi , Osmon Douglas , Pertzborn Margaret , Schreier Diana , Teaford Hilary , Willis Courtney , Woods Anna , Rivera Christina G.
Published: August 2024

Objective:

The primary objective was to determine the rate of clinical actions taken post-discharge on updated microbiology results by an ID pharmacist-led team. Secondary objectives were to describe the microbiology results requiring intervention, characterize interventions by type and severity, and determine time from result to clinical review.

Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:

Four hospitals within Mayo Clinic, including two large academic centers and two Mayo Clinic Health System sites.

Participants:

Adult patients at four sites within Mayo Clinic from 1/1/2019 to 2/28/2023. Eligible patients had a hospitalization with an ID consult and an updated microbiology result reported after discharge.

Intervention:

Pharmacists reviewed a report of selected patients with microbiology tests that resulted post-discharge within the last 24–96 hours. Interventions were recorded electronically in real-time by the pharmacist. Of those patient encounters with an intervention, a sample of 200 patient encounters was randomly selected for detailed chart abstraction.

Results:

A total of 6,792 encounters with at least one microbiology result reviewed post-discharge were identified. Of these encounters, 1977 (29%) had at least one resulting intervention. Median time from test update to clinical review was 27.2 hours (IQR 21.6–69.6). The highest severity ratings, in which failure to intervene may have resulted in patient harm, were assigned to the intervention in 28% of cases.

Conclusions:

For patients seen by an inpatient ID consult service, a post-hospital discharge microbiology result review process performed by ID-trained pharmacists effectively addressed abnormal results during the transition of care. Similar processes may be considered at other institutions.
Asymmetric Sea Surface Salinity Response to Global Warming: “Fresh Gets Fresher but Salty Hesitates”
Authors: Douville H. , Cheng L.
Published: August 2024

Efforts to detect long‐term changes in global mean evaporation minus precipitation over the ocean remain ambiguous. Here we define an ad hoc sea surface salinity index to assess the observed and simulated intensification of the freshwater flux pattern over the global ocean and, thus, of the overall water cycle. A recent salinity reconstruction shows a long‐term amplification of the climatological patterns, thereby supporting the popular “fresh gets fresher, salty gets saltier” paradigm. Unlike in a previous study, no systematic underestimation of this amplification is found in the latest generation of global climate models. Yet, the “fresh gets fresher” paradigm is much more robust than its “salty gets saltier” counterpart and the proposed salinity index does not yet provide a strong constraint on the model‐dependent projected intensification of the global water cycle intensification along the 21st century.
Transition of the Sun to a Regime of High Activity: Implications for the Earth Climate and Role of Atmospheric Chemistry
Authors: Shapiro Anna V. , Egorova Tatiana A. , Shapiro Alexander I. , Arsenovic Pavle , Rozanov Eugene V. , Gizon Laurent
Published: August 2024

It was recently suggested that the Sun could switch to a high‐activity regime which would lead to a rise of ultraviolet radiation with an amplitude of about four times larger than the amplitude of an average solar activity cycle and a simultaneous drop in total solar irradiance. Here, we applied the SOCOLv3‐MPIOM model with an interacting ocean to simulate the response of chemistry, dynamics, and temperature of Earth's atmosphere to such a change in solar irradiance. We studied the effect of high activity regime on the atmosphere investigating the influence of the chemical and radiative processes on the climate, and chemistry of NOx, HOx, and O3. We find a climate cooling by up to 1K and a substantial increase in stratospheric ozone (up to 14%) and total ozone (up to 8%). To understand the role of the different processes we performed simulations with two sets of forcing accounting separately for the influence on chemical processes and for direct radiation energy balance. Our calculations show that the stratospheric O3 response is almost fully driven by the chemical processes. We also found that the direct radiation processes lead to near‐surface cooling that results in the suppression of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. This, in turn, leads to the reduction of H2O influx from the low layers of the troposphere and to less intensive transport of ozone from the tropics to the middle latitudes. The surface climate response is dominated by direct radiation influence with only a small contribution from chemical processes.
The Benefits of Empowering Community College Geoscience Faculty
Authors: Weathers Tess , Turner Sheldon , Gamage Kusali
Published: August 2024

Creating spaces and partnerships tailored to 2-year-college faculty can improve perceptions of how they fit into the geoscience community and boost diversity in the discipline more broadly.
A Parametric Study of Locally Generated Magnetosonic Waves by Ring‐Beam Hot Protons in the Martian Heavy Ion‐Rich Environment
Authors: Wang Jing , Yu Jiang , Chen Zuzheng , Cui Jun , Cao Jinbin , Liu Xu
Published: August 2024

Magnetosonic (MS) waves with frequencies above the proton gyrofrequency can be locally generated by ring‐beam protons in the Martian heavy ion‐rich ionosphere. In this study, we conduct a parametric analysis to investigate the effects of heavy ion concentrations, energy (Erb), and angle (αrb) of ring‐beam protons, and wave normal angle on the excitation features of Martian ionospheric MS waves. We find the growth rates and frequency range of MS waves decrease by including O+ and O2+ ions but are insensitive to their relative concentrations. With increasing Erb or αrb, the growth rates of MS waves show a general dropping tendency. Meanwhile, their frequency and wavenumber range are almost unaffected by increasing Erb but shrink to a narrower range mainly distributed in high frequencies by increasing αrb. Unstable MS waves expand to a wider wavenumber range but shrink to a narrower frequency range as they become more oblique.
Internal Tides Reverse Tidal Currents Around Southern Taiwan
Authors: Yu Hao‐Cheng , Zhang Y. Joseph , Jan Sen , Yu Jason C. S. , Chu Chi‐Hao , Terng Chuen‐Teyr , Chiu Chi‐Min
Published: August 2024

We present a highly unusual case in southern Taiwan where internal tides (ITs) completely reverse the barotropic currents. A 3D baroclinic model is first validated and confirms the unexpected tidal current in that area. A series of sensitivity simulations are then used to progressively reveal the exact cause. Contrary to popular belief, a large canyon in that area is not responsible for the flow reversal. Results from using a relaxation technique in the model together with an energy flux analysis indicate that the energy of the large ITs emanated from the Luzon Strait is converted to the barotropic energy near the steep slope, which generates a local circulation and reverses the tidal flow there.
An Investigation on Causes of the Detected Surface Solar Radiation Brightening in Europe Using Satellite Data
Authors: Schilliger Linda , Tetzlaff Anke , Bourgeois Quentin , Correa Lucas Ferreira , Wild Martin
Published: August 2024

Surface solar radiation is fundamental for terrestrial life. It provides warmth to make our planet habitable, drives atmospheric circulation, the hydrological cycle and photosynthesis. Europe has experienced an increase in surface solar radiation, termed “brightening,” since the 1980s. This study investigates the causative factors behind this brightening. A novel algorithm from the EUMETSAT satellite application facility on climate monitoring (CM SAF) provides the unique opportunity to simulate surface solar radiation under various atmospheric conditions for clouds (clear‐sky or all‐sky), aerosol optical depth (time‐varying or climatological averages) and water vapor content (with or without its direct influence on surface solar radiation). Through a multiple linear regression approach, the study attributes brightening trends to changes in these atmospheric parameters. Analyzing 61 locations distributed across Europe from 1983 to 2020, aerosols emerge as key driver during 1983–2002, with Southern Europe and high elevations showing subdued effects (0%/decade–1%/decade) versus more pronounced impacts in Northern and Eastern Europe (2%/decade–6%/decade). Cloud effects exhibit spatial variability, inducing a negative effect on surface solar radiation (−3%/decade–−2%/decade) at most investigated locations in the same period. In the period 2001–2020, aerosol effects are much smaller, while cloud effects dominate the observed brightening (2%/decade–5%/decade). This study therefore finds a substantial decrease in the cloud radiative effect over Europe in the first two decades of the 21st century. Water vapor exerts negligible influence in both sub‐periods.