bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection and identification of tea leaf diseases based on AX-RetinaNet
Authors: Bao Wenxia , Fan Tao , Hu Gensheng , Liang Dong , Li Haidong
Published: February 2022

The accurate detection and identification of tea leaf diseases are conducive to its precise prevention and control. Convolutional neural network (CNN) can automatically extract the features of diseased tea leaves in the images. However, tea leaf images taken in natural environments have problems, such as complex backgrounds, dense leaves, and large-scale changes. The existing CNNs have low accuracy in detecting and identifying tea leaf diseases. This study proposes an improved RetinaNet target detection and identification network, AX-RetinaNet, which is used for the automatic detection and identification of tea leaf diseases in natural scene images. AX-RetinaNet uses an improved multiscale feature fusion module of the X-module and adds a channel attention module, Attention. The feature fusion module of the X-module obtains feature maps with rich information through multiple fusions of multi-scale features. The attention module assigns a network adaptively optimized weight to each feature map channel so that the network can select more effective features and reduce the interference of redundant features. This study also uses data augmentation methods to solve the problem of insufficient samples. Experimental results show the detection and identification accuracy of AX-RetinaNet for tea leaf diseases in natural scene images is better than the existing target detection and identification networks, such as SSD, RetinaNet, YOLO-v3, YOLO-v4, Centernet, M2det, and EfficientNet. The AX-RetinaNet detection and identification results indicated the mAP value of 93.83% and the F1-score value of 0.954. Compared with the original network, the mAP value, recall value, and identification accuracy increased by nearly 4%, by 4%, and by nearly 1.5%, respectively.
Maternal HPV-antibodies and seroconversion to HPV in children during the first 3 years of life
Authors: Syrjänen Stina , Waterboer Tim , Rintala Marjut , Pawlita Michael , Syrjänen Kari , Louvanto Karolina , Grenman Seija
Published: February 2022

To assess the dynamics of human papillomavirus (HPV) serology, we analyzed HPV6-,11-,16-,18-, and 45 antibodies in infants during the first 36 months of their life. Serial serum samples of 276/327 mother–child pairs were collected at baseline (mothers) and at months 1, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 36 (offspring), and tested for HPVL1-antibodies using the GST-L1 assay. Concordance between maternal and infant HPV-antibody levels remained high until month-6 (p <  = 0.001), indicating maternal antibody transfer. At 1 month, 40–62% of the infants tested seropositive to any of the 5 HPV-types. Between 1–3 years of age, 53% (58/109) of the children born to HPV-seronegative mothers tested HPV-seropositive. Times to positive seroconversion varied between13.4 and 18.7 months, and times to negative seroconversion (decay) between 8.5 and 9.9 months. Significant independent predictors of infants’ seroconversion to LR-HPV were hand warts and mother’s history of oral warts and seroconversion to LR-HPV. No predictors of seroconversion to HR-HPV were identified. Maternal HPV-IgG-antibodies are transferred to her offspring and remain detectable for 6 months, corroborating the IgG molecule’s half-life. Seroconversion to HPV-genotypes 6, 11, 16 and 18 was confirmed among children born to HPV-seronegative mothers, implicating an immune response to these HPV-genotypes during early infancy.
Cryo-EM structure of transcription termination factor Rho from Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals bicyclomycin resistance mechanism
Authors: Saridakis Emmanuel , Vishwakarma Rishi , Lai-Kee-Him Josephine , Martin Kevin , Simon Isabelle , Cohen-Gonsaud Martin , Coste Franck , Bron Patrick , Margeat Emmanuel , Boudvillain Marc
Published: February 2022

The bacterial Rho factor is a ring-shaped motor triggering genome-wide transcription termination and R-loop dissociation. Rho is essential in many species, including in Mycobacterium tuberculosis where rho gene inactivation leads to rapid death. Yet, the M. tuberculosis Rho [MtbRho] factor displays poor NTPase and helicase activities, and resistance to the natural Rho inhibitor bicyclomycin [BCM] that remain unexplained. To address these issues, we solved the cryo-EM structure of MtbRho at 3.3 Å resolution. The MtbRho hexamer is poised into a pre-catalytic, open-ring state wherein specific contacts stabilize ATP in intersubunit ATPase pockets, thereby explaining the cofactor preference of MtbRho. We reveal a leucine-to-methionine substitution that creates a steric bulk in BCM binding cavities near the positions of ATP γ-phosphates, and confers resistance to BCM at the expense of motor efficiency. Our work contributes to explain the unusual features of MtbRho and provides a framework for future antibiotic development.
Observation of chiral solitons in LiCuVO4
Authors: Grams Christoph P. , Brüning Daniel , Kopatz Severin , Lorenz Thomas , Becker Petra , Bohatý Ladislav , Hemberger Joachim
Published: February 2022

Quantum spin liquids represent a magnetic ground state arising in the presence of strong quantum fluctuations that preclude ordering down to zero temperature and leave clear fingerprints in the excitation spectra. While theory bears a variety of possible quantum spin liquid phases their experimental realization is still scarce. Here, we report experimental evidence for chiral solitons in the S = 1/2 spin chain compound LiCuVO4 from measurements of the complex permittivity ε* in the GHz range. In zero magnetic field our results show short-lived thermally activated chiral fluctuations above the multiferroic phase transition at TN = 2.4 K. In ε* these fluctuations are seen as the slowing down of a relaxation with a critical dynamical exponent νξz ≈ 1.3 in agreement with mean-field predictions. When using a magnetic field to suppress TN towards 0 K the influence of quantum fluctuations increases until the thermally activated fluctuations vanish and only an excitation can be observed in the dielectric response in close proximity to the phase transition below 400 mK. From direct measurements we find this excitation’s energy gap as ESE ≈ 14.1 μeV, which is in agreement with a nearly gapless chiral soliton that has been proposed for LiCuVO4 based on quantum spin liquid theory.
Synthesis of an AlI3-doped Li2S positive electrode with superior performance in all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Gamo Hirotada , Maeda Takaki , Hikima Kazuhiro , Deguchi Minako , Fujita Yushi , Kawasaki Yusuke , Sakuda Atsushi , Muto Hiroyuki , Phuc Nguyen Huu Huy , Hayashi Akitoshi , Tatsumisago Masahiro , Matsuda Atsunori
Published: February 2022

A (100 − x)Li2S·xAlI3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 30) positive electrode was prepared by the planetary ball-milling method for application in all-solid-state Li–S batteries.
Bio-inspired hierarchical nanoporous carbon derived from water spinach for high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials
Authors: Lin Xinyu , Xu Yaping , Wu Jinggao , Huang Jing
Published: February 2022

Due to various properties, green carbon nanomaterials with high specific surface area and environmentally friendly features have aroused extensive interest in energy storage device applications.
Rh(iii)-Catalyzed C–H bond activation/annulation reactions of arylacyl ammonium salts with 4-diazoisochroman-3-imines and 4-diazoisoquinolin-3-ones
Authors: Suleman Muhammad , Qi Minghui , Xie Jianwei , Lu Ping , Wang Yanguang
Published: February 2022

A convenient approach to novel oxo- and aza-spirocyclic compounds via a C–H bond functionalization of arylacyl ammonium salts with 4-diazoisochroman-3-imines and 4-diazoisoquinolin-3-ones is reported.
Characterization of axial dispersion in a vertical helical coil for gas–liquid–liquid flow at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Khan Muzammil , Joshi Sunil , Ranade Vivek
Published: February 2022

The RTD of a helical coiled reactor was determined from light absorbance by the tracer step input for various cases of flows. The axial dispersion was quantified in terms of dispersion coefficients using the axial dispersion model.
Improving levoglucosan and hydrocarbon production through gas-phase synergy during cellulose and polyolefin co-pyrolysis
Authors: Xie Shengyu , Ma Chuan , Kumagai Shogo , Takahashi Yusuke , Kameda Tomohito , Saito Yuko , Yoshioka Toshiaki
Published: February 2022

A novel pyrolysis reactor configuration improves the production of valuable chemicals during co-pyrolysis of cellulose and plastic.
A smart flexible supercapacitor enabled by a transparent electrochromic electrode composed of W18O49 nanowires/rGO composite films
Authors: Hassan Muhammad , Abbas Ghulam , Lu Yao , Wang Ziya , Peng Zhengchun
Published: February 2022

Benefitting from smart structural configuration, the W18O49 NWs/rGO composite based smart supercapacitor achieved high capacitance properties, excellent stability, and high sustainability in optical modulation (96%) is promising for real applications.
Two-dimensional β-PdX2 (X = S, Te) monolayers for efficient solar energy conversion applications
Authors: Jakhar Mukesh , Kumar Ashok
Published: February 2022

The search for highly effective and environmentally safe photocatalysts for water splitting and photovoltaic solar cells is essential for renewable solar energy conversion and storage.
Simple molecular ferroelectrics:N,N′-dialkyl-terephthalamide derivatives in the solid phase
Authors: Kawana Moeko , Mizoue Ryohei , Takeda Takashi , Hoshino Norihisa , Akutagawa Tomoyuki
Published: February 2022

Simple molecules ofN,N′-dialkyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxamide (CnIPA) form a one-dimensional (1D) N–H⋯O hydrogen-bonding molecular assembly, which shows ferroelectricity at an alkyl chain length longer thann≥ 11.
Enzymatic ethanolysis of high free fatty acid jatropha oil using Eversa Transform
Authors: Bouaid Abderrahim , Acherki Hassan , Bonilla Marcos Herguedas , Marchetti Jorge Mario
Published: February 2022

A reduction of the cost of enzymatic biodiesel is crucial to make it competitive with known technologies. A single-step process for the conversion of high free fatty acid oils into fatty acid ethyl esters using a low-cost lipase was developed.
Predicting the photon energy of quasi-2D lead halide perovskites from the precursor composition through machine learning
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yueqiao , Zou Ang , Shi Haochen , Huang Xiaofeng , Li Yaoyao , Wei Dong , Qiao Bo , Zhao Suling , Xu Zheng , Song Dandan
Published: February 2022

We use machine learning to explore the quantitative relation between the photon energies of quasi-2D perovskites and their precursor compositions.
Probing the mechanism of the peroxiredoxin decamer interaction with its reductase sulfiredoxin from the single molecule to the solution scale
Authors: Beaussart Audrey , Canonico Florent , Mazon Hortense , Hidalgo Jorge , Cianférani Sarah , Le Cordier Hélène , Kriznik Alexandre , Rahuel-Clermont Sophie
Published: February 2022

A multiscale strategy based on AFM, native mass spectrometry and bulk solution techniques correlates affinity, kinetics, and single molecule data to understand regulation of the multivalent interaction of a decameric protein with its partner.
A H2O2-responsive theranostic platform for chemiluminescence detection and synergistic therapy of tumors
Authors: Yu Yun , Xie Bo-Ru , Liu Xin-Hua , Ye Jing-Jie , Cheng Han , Zhong Zhenlin , Zhang Xian-Zheng
Published: February 2022

A theranostic nanosystem L-HPOX presented H2O2-responsive chemiluminescence and drug delivery abilities. By combination with DMXAA, L-HPOX demonstrated good capabilities of tumor imaging and treatment due to the increased H2O2 at the tumor site.
Coating gold nanorods with self-assembling peptide amphiphiles promotes stability and facilitates in vivo two-photon imaging
Authors: Egorova Elena A. , Arias-Alpizar Gabriela , Vlieg Redmar C. , Gooris Gert S. , Bouwstra Joke A. , Noort John van , Kros Alexander , Boyle Aimee L.
Published: February 2022

Gold nanorods can be stabilised by peptide amphiphiles that form self-assembled monolayers on the gold surface. The stabilised particles can be used for in vivo imaging.
Microplastics: impacts on corals and other reef organisms
Authors: Pantos Olga
Published: February 2022

Plastic pollution in a growing problem globally. In addition to the continuous flow of plastic particles to the environment from direct sources, and through the natural wear and tear of items, the plastics that are already there have the potential to breakdown further and therefore provide an immense source of plastic particles. With the continued rise in levels of plastic production, and consequently increasing levels entering our marine environments it is imperative that we understand its impacts. There is evidence microplastic and nanoplastic (MNP) pose a serious threat to all the world's marine ecosystems and biota, across all taxa and trophic levels, having individual- to ecosystem-level impacts, although these impacts are not fully understood. Microplastics (MPs; 0.1–5 mm) have been consistently found associated with the biota, water and sediments of all coral reefs studied, but due to limitations in the current techniques, a knowledge gap exists for the level of nanoplastic (NP; <1 µm). This is of particular concern as it is this size fraction that is thought to pose the greatest risk due to their ability to translocate into different organs and across cell membranes. Furthermore, few studies have examined the interactions of MNP exposure and other anthropogenic stressors such as ocean acidification and rising temperature. To support the decision-making required to protect these ecosystems, an advancement in standardised methods for the assessment of both MP and NPs is essential. This knowledge, and that of predicted levels can then be used to determine potential impacts more accurately.
Rate of convergence for geometric inference based on the empirical Christoffel function
Authors: Vu Mai Trang , Bachoc François , Pauwels Edouard
Published: February 2022

We consider the problem of estimating the support of a measure from a finite, independent, sample. The estimators which are considered are constructed based on the empirical Christoffel function. Such estimators have been proposed for the problem of set estimation with heuristic justifications. We carry out a detailed finite sample analysis, that allows us to select the threshold and degree parameters as a function of the sample size. We provide a convergence rate analysis of the resulting support estimation procedure. Our analysis establishes that we may obtain finite sample bounds which are comparable to existing rates for different set estimation procedures. Our results rely on concentration inequalities for the empirical Christoffel function and on estimates of the supremum of the Christoffel-Darboux kernel on sets with smooth boundaries, that can be considered of independent interest.
Malmquist-Luenberger productivity indexes for dynamic network DEA with undesirable outputs and negative data
Authors: Bansal Pooja , Mehra Aparna
Published: February 2022

The data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique is well known for computing the Malmquist-Luenberger productivity index (MLPI) in measuring productivity change in the decision-making units (DMUs) over two consecutive periods. In this research, we detect infeasibility of the directional distance function (DDF) based DEA model of MLPI under the variable returns to scale technology when data takes on negative values. We address this problem by developing a novel DDF-based DEA model that computes an improved MLPI. We extend the DDF approach to the dynamic network structure and introduce the dynamic MLPI for analyzing the performance of DMUs over time. We also develop the dynamic sequential MLPI to detect shifts in the efficient frontiers due to random shocks or technological advancements over time. The dynamic network structure in the two indexes comprises multiple divisions in DMUs connected vertically by intermediate productivity links and horizontally over time by carryovers. The proposed models are feasible and bounded with undesirable features and negative and non-negative data values. Real data of 39 Indian commercial public and private banks from 2008 to 2019 used to illustrate the two indexes.
Criminal punishment: humanism and security as vectors of development
Authors: Podroykina Inna A. , Duyunov Vladimir K. , Zakomoldin Ruslan V.
Published: February 2022

The paper analyzes the changes in the criminal legislation that have passed since its adoption with an emphasis on those that were justified by the idea of humanization. The attention is drawn to the fact that, despite the fact that the criminal policy liberalization has been actively discussed in different years, in modern Russia criminalization processes dominate decriminalization processes, and the number of articles in the Special Part of the Criminal Code has increased by 1.5 times. Against this background, the authors emphasize that judicial practice has gone away from the use of punishment as the only possible and effective means of responding to infringing behavior. In general, while advocating the economy of criminal repression, as well as the wider use of other measures of the criminal law against the perpetrators of crimes, the authors nevertheless express concern that the law enforcement officer is overly humanistic towards the perpetrators of serious and especially serious crimes, widely using suspended sentences, as well as imposing a sentence that corresponds to a milder category of crimes. In conclusion, the opinion is expressed that the modern legislator needs to focus his efforts on creating a full-fledged system of criminal legal measures with a clear understanding that each of them individually, and the whole system as a whole, should effectively protect the interests of the individual, society and the state.
The converged stage of architects of Yakutian art at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries
Authors: Pokatilova Iya , Yadreeva Alexandra
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the convergent stage of architectonics of the art of Yakutia, which has manifested itself after the collapse of Soviet culture. The universal method of architectonic research of culture developed by Kondakov is used. Cultural modernity of Yakutia of the 1990s is studied at three levels: 1) in the “removed” content, it is represented by the active appeal of artists to mythological heroes and archetypes of the past, which contributed to the search for new mythologists and landmarks. 2) activities of the Yakut drama theater, headed by Andrei Borisov. The actual content is filled with ethnosemvoles - Ysyah, national costume, the Olonho epic. e. 3) potential content of modernity manifested in the art of Yakut cinema. Timely organizational aspects of regulating the artistic culture of Yakutia at the beginning of the XXI century have contributed to the development of the cinema industry. The convergent level implies a conditional synthesis - 1990-2020, one of the components, which is the “reinterpretation and modernization of archaic,” taking a conditional and game character (in the work of leading directors of Yakut cinema). There is a “return to one,” but this “one” is interpreted in a different way.
Foreign civil doctrine of smart contracts
Authors: Zakharkina Anna , Kuznetsova Olga
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to a topic of great scientific and practical importance in the modern context of creating a digital economy ecosystemб to the smart contract phenomenon. The article focuses on the foreign civilistic doctrine of the smart contract study. The main discussion questions about the legal and technological nature of the smart contract, the ways of its implementation in the current contract law of each country, the approaches of national legislators to solving this issue and the functional nature of the smart contract are considered. The main disputable problems are the legal and technological nature of the smart contract, the ways of its implementation in the current contract law of each country, the approaches of national legislators to solving this problem and about the functional nature of the smart contract. The article also involves a comparative legal aspect: it analyzes the approaches of the Russian legislator and representatives of the domestic legal doctrine to the smart contract place in the pandect system of Russian civil law in comparison with the foreign legal systems settlement of similar issues. It is noted that using the positive experience of the smart contracts legal regulation should be taken into account when creating and correcting the regulatory platform of the digital economy in the Russian Federation. The article evaluates the legal innovation of Part 2 of Article 309 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (RF CC). The description is given of the innovation developers positions given in the Explanatory Note to the relevant draft law; the investigation is performed on the technological terms used in the current version of the RF CC with regard to the electronic form of a deal and smart contract. In addition, the article raises the problem that is well known to the foreign legal doctrine: the problem of the computer code credibility and the distrust of the counterparties of each other. Attention is paid to the advantages of the smart contract, which are discussed by foreign legal scientists, as well as representatives of other related sciences. In the conclusion of the article, the main findings are given that demonstrate the authors’ view on the issues considered in the article.
Traditions of National World Formation in the Poetics of Yakut and Korean Prose by Ariadna Borisova “The Land of the Udagans” and Lee Hyun Soo “New Tales of Gisaeng”
Authors: Barashkova Svetlana , Zhelobtsova Svetlana
Published: February 2022

The article compares peculiarities of poetics of the olonkho novel “The Land of the Udagans” by the Yakut writer Ariadna Borisova and the legendary novel by the South Korean writer Lee Hyun Soo “New Tales of Gisaeng”. The study of traditions of the national world image based on the materials from different ethnic cultures from the gender perspective revealed the artistic individuality of authors representing the world of the Arctic and Southeast Asia. The comparison of the works by Yakut and Korean writers revealed the life-giving role of women in society and its crisis. The heroines represent a typological model of female fate in different images. Women are carriers of the traditional cultural and moral values based on the family value. The text-forming role of artistic details is significant. It makes the text real, reducing the distance between the author and the reader. Describing the real world of the heroines, their way of life, the space of their houses, the writers strive to outline the female everyday worldview and the national picture of the world
Armenia and Yakutia Intercultural Communications: Composer Grant Grigoryan
Authors: Pavlova-Borisova Tatiana
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the work of the composer Grant Grigoryan (1919–1962), which is considered in the context of the intercultural communication problem. This is the first time this problem has been stated. The relevance of the problem is associated with the importance of the composer’s personality and his significant role in the musical culture of Yakutia. The features of the work of Grant Grigoryan, which were developed in the international cultural environment of the Soviet Union, are described. The article analyzes the creative activity of Grant Grigoryan in Yakutia in 1953–1962 and shows the process of his development as a composer, which took place in various regions of the country - from the Caucasus, the Far East to the Arctic. It was concluded that Grant Grigoryan, prior to his arrival in our northern republic, was an established composer with a significant creative background. Among his assets there were works written by him in various genres. Another conclusion of the study is the conclusion about the high degree of tolerance and intercultural competence of this composer, which allowed him to deeply and organically comprehend the foundations and distinctive features of Yakut music, the music of the indigenous peoples of Yakutia and make a fundamental contribution to the development of the musical culture of our Republic. He created classical works of Yakut music, which were widely recognized by the people. The work of Grant Grigoryan is an example of highly effective intercultural communication.
Methodological bases for fixing the goal-setting of criminal procedural activity in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Azarenok N.V.
Published: February 2022

The article provides a philosophical and legal analysis of the categories “goal” and “tasks”, which together form the goal-setting of the activity. The need to set a goal arises when the subject enters into any activity and therefore needs its optimal organization. After setting the goal, the further ordering of complexly organized types of practice causes the need for its fragmentation into parts, concretization in relation to individual stages of work, i.e. setting a number of tasks for the performer. They reflect not only the purpose of the activity, but also the specifics of its implementation in relation to specific conditions. Various options for fixing goal-setting in the current legislation are being considered. It is noted that the legislator does not have a unified approach to resolving this issue, which negatively affects both the quality of the adopted laws and law enforcement practice. As a result, the methodological foundations for determining the goal-setting of criminal proceedings in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are formulated and proposed.
Axiological aspects of social protection of individuals affected by radiation
Authors: Cherepantseva Yulia Sergeyevna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the research is determined by the value of human life, which has been recognized absolute since ancient times. Despite the fact that it does not depend on government activities, it is necessary to adopt measures to protect life and create conditions for this. The government should protect individuals by performing actions and ensuring their rights. One of the manifestations of protective actions is legislative consolidation of the right to life and health protection, whose implementation becomes the main measure aimed at compensating for the harm caused by the negative impact of radiation. Based on the analysis of the Russian legislation on social protection of citizens affected by radiation exposure, the axiological aspects of the legal measures are described. The understanding of human life and health as the highest value protected by law is in line with the constitutional principles and norms of international law. The author concludes about the importance of ensuring universality in the exercise of these rights under the negative impact of radiation caused by various factors in relation to all categories of victims. The research results can become the basis for further research on social security in improving the legislation and law enforcement practice.
A.E. Kulakovsky on the issues of the Yakut writing: the analysis of the epistolary heritage of classic master
Authors: Sivtceva-Maksimova Praskovia
Published: February 2022

The paper presents the letters of Alexey Kulakovsky, who deeply understood the meaning of the language for the future Yakut people. The source study materials are five letters to contemporaries. The relevance of the study is explained by the growing interest in the history of national languages as the basis of the culture of peoples. The purpose of the study is to determine the importance of the main directions in Kulakovsky's creative searches for the preservation of his native language, which reveals controversial issues in the history of the study of Yakut literature in general. The letters reflect such questions as doubts among his contemporaries about the need to defend the rules of Yakut grammar, disbelief in the possibility of the establishment of literary norms in their native language. As a result of the study of the presented material, the author concluded that the issues of language in letters reveal a number of little-known facts on the scientific biography of Kulakovsky because the issues of updating his texts expand the interdisciplinary contexts of their analysis, taking into account the reflection in them of historical and social facts in the early twentieth century.
Problems of Implementing the Right to Work in the Current Economic Conditions of the Pandemic Period
Authors: Gorodnova Natalia V. , Pleshakova Inna N.
Published: February 2022

The article summarizes the practice of forming a legal framework for organizing work remotely in the context of the spread of a new coronavirus infection. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in a pandemic, the current state of the social and labor sphere is one of the most important problems in all countries of the world. The main objective of the study is to scientifically substantiate the problem of the impact of the negative consequences of the spread of COVID-19 on the rights of workers in the field of labor relations. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of the implementation of labor legislation using the example of various countries in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The object of the research is social relations arising in the labor market. The subject of the research is the assessment of the implementation of the right to work of an employee performing labor activities in a safe or remote mode. The economic analysis of private law, comparative legal analysis, methods of statistical research and analysis of scientific literature and open sources of the Internet are used. In the course of the study, statistical and other data were compared, an analysis of Russian, Chinese and American labor legislation was made, which allows drawing conclusions about the prospects for interaction between Russia and the outside world in the coming decades based on the experience gained by the world community during the COVID-19 pandemic and before it began. The results of the study will be useful to lawyers and economists, as well as representatives of business and industrial structures, whose professional interests include issues of organizing workers' labor in the pandemic.
Legal mechanism of protection from social risks: a value-based approach
Authors: Fedorova Marina Yurèvna , Istomina Yelena Alexandrovna
Published: February 2022

Protecting people from social risks is an important task for any state and society. Such protection is complex; it combines organizational measures, financial resources, and law. They form a united system, which we call the social risk management system. This system is based on a legal mechanism. Its social value consists in the fact that different branches of law make it possible to guarantee protection at different stages of the risk dynamics. The right also allows an individual to apply for protection, including to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Using the example of protection from social risks associated with family responsibilities, the authors show the functioning of the legal mechanism for managing social risks and its importance.
Lexico-semantic unit “Man” based on the material of the Nizhnekolymsk old-time dialects of Yakutia
Authors: Kochmar Olesya , Egorova Tuyara , Chernysheva Svetlana , Cheboksarova Vera
Published: February 2022

The paper studies the specifics of the linguistic reflection of the image of a person in the Nizhnekolymsk old-time dialects of Yakutia. Despite the available research, the issue of the preservation of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the Arctic remains relevant in our time. It is of great interest in terms of geostrategic location, natural resources and human potential. The purpose is to describe the composition of the lexical-semantic unit “Man” in the Nizhnekolymsk old-time dialects of Yakutia. The source of the material was the four-volume Dictionary of Russian Old-Time Dialects on the Territory of Yakutia by M.F. Druzhinina. The method of continuous sampling was used to identify 95 lexical units that form the LSU “Man”.The structure of the unit includes the following lexical and semantic groups: physical, personal and social characteristics of a man. Intraunit systemic relations are characterized by the presence of a variety of paradigmatic connections: derivational synonyms, inflectional variants, phonemic doublets, antonymic and synonymous pairs, hypo-hyponymic and hyper-hyponymic relations, derivational series. The Nizhnekolymsk dialects are a monument of the Russian old-timers’ culture, which is a result of interethnic and cultural contacts between the newcomers and the local population, as well as the influence of natural conditions. The processes of globalization, integration and industrial development of the Arctic accelerate the assimilation of Russian old-timers from Nizhny Kolyma, which makes the problem of the preservation of their ethnocultural identity relevant.
On the question of some tendencies in the unification of national and international jurisdiction of Internet disputes
Authors: Melnik Valeriya Dmitrievna
Published: February 2022

The author analyzes the development of foreign legislative and law enforcement approaches to resolving the issue of Internet disputes jurisdiction. It is concluded that today the development of national and international legal regulation of issues Internet disputes jurisdiction occurs in two directions: firstly, the reception of national jurisdiction legal approaches in international legal acts; secondly, the implementation of international legal acts approaches into national legislation. The author draws attention to the fact that, in the absence of a universe international treaty regulating the issues of Internet disputes international jurisdiction, a detailed development of national law rules, regardless of the particular jurisdiction, taking into account the specifics of Internet relations and Internet disputes cannot solve the problem of jurisdiction conflict in resolving this category of disputes.
Juridification of concept “artificial intelligence” and limits of using its technology in litigation
Authors: Spitsin Igor Nikolaevich
Published: February 2022

Active development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology states the problem of integrating this phenomenon into legal reality, limits of using this technology in social practices regulated by law and, ultimately, the development of an optimal model for legal regulation of AI. This article focuses on the problem of developing the legal content of the concept of AI including some methodological and ontological foundations of such work. The author suggests certain invariant characteristics of AI significant for legal regulation, which, if adopted by the legal scientific community, could be used as a scientifically grounded basis for constructing specific options for legal regulation that correspond to the needs of a particular sphere of social practice. The author believes that the scientifically grounded legal concept of AI is largely able to determine the direction and framework of applied legal research on the multifaceted problems of using AI technology in social interactions including ministering of justice, to separate the related legal issues and problems from issues of ethical, philosophical, technological and other nature.
Information technology and class action notification
Authors: Dolganichev Vladimir
Published: February 2022

The article discusses the use of information technology for class action notification. The author analyzes the foreign experience of using information technology to notify potential group members about a class action field. In international practice, there are two ways of notification: public and individual. In both cases, the capabilities of the Internet can be used. So, a public notice involves non-personalized notification of the alleged group members. A public notice can be implemented, for example, by posting information about a class action on various sites, banners. It is also possible to use the social networks of the defendant or the plaintiff-representative. Individual notification in this context can be implemented via e-mail and social networks, and their messengers. As a result of the analysis of the Russian legislation on class actions regarding the notification of potential participants, the author notes the heterogeneity of procedural mechanisms for sending notifications and the limited use of information technologies.
Influence of Chinese natural philosophy on the formation of Korean anthroponyms
Authors: Vladimirovna Baginskaya Marina , Vadimovna Li Ekaterina , Evgenievna Kalish Elena
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to provide a complex scientific description of traditional principles of Korean anthroponyms formation. An anthroponymic system is the reflection of national culture, therefore its description cannot be limited to linguistic analysis only, it should be carried out with the reference to ethnology, history, philosophy, theology and other disciplines. The history and culture of Korean peninsula countries is tightly connected with the history and culture of China with the onomastic system being no exception. Traditional principles of formation of Korean anthroponyms have Chinese origin. Basic philosophic concepts that influenced the name giving principles in the Korean language are the theory of the unity of the opposites Yin and Yang (음양 – 陰陽) and concept of five elements or Wuxing (오행 – 五行). It is believed that the main ideas of each of these theories being realized in the signs of a name have an impact on a person’s fate and define a person’s character. According to Yin and Yang theory, every sign in a name depending on its constituent elements is in correlation with one of the two opposites, male or female principles, light or dark, etc. Ideally a name should combine Yin and Yang, while the dominance of one principle and the absence of the other make the name lacking harmony. Wuxing concept is based on the assumption that every sign in a name is related to one of the fifth primary elements: fire, water, air, earth and metal. According to this theory a person’s name should have such a combination of elements that would bring harmony and not destruction. Initially both concepts were applied to ideographic signs and characters that constituted a traditional Korean name, nevertheless these principles are observed nowadays in the creation of Korean names without characters usage. This research has been carried out within the grant agreement “Establishment of the Center for Korean Studies at Irkutsk State University” with the support of the Korea International Exchange Foundation (KF-2021).
On the problem of justification of the term “ethnothesaurus”
Authors: Domashevskaya Daria , Koshel Alexandra , Solsoev Ivan
Published: February 2022

The article presents the main provisions of the theory of thesaurus-type dictionaries, gives definitions of the thesaurus, describes the relationship of the thesaurus with the type of writing, considers the main provisions of the Sapir-Whorf theory of l inguistic relativity and their connection with the way of thinking and methods of conceptualizing extra-linguistic reality by representatives of different ethnic cultures. The authors propose the thesaurus of ideographic writing as one of the models of ethnocognitive science and, using the example of the dictionary “Shuo wen jie zi”, substantiate the expediency of using the term “ethnothesaurus”.
The concept of kotodama as a fragment of Japanese linguocultural code
Authors: Ignatieva Anastasia , Trazanova Natalya
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to study the concept of Kotodama, based on the Kotodama belief, and to analyze the role of this phenomenon in the Japanese linguoculture. In the course of the study, we reveal its origin, evolution and present status. The linguocultural and axiological approaches enable us to represent the main characteristics of Kotodama as an essential part of the Japanese language and culture.
Transformation of a female gender identity in South Korea
Authors: Bunaeva Nataliia Andreevna , Sosorova Bairma Sergeevna , Orsoeva Aiuna Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2022

The goal of this article is to determine a female gender identity in South Korea in the period of traditional society and its transformation till the present time. Identification is carried out on the basis of historical analysis of the most important aspects of cultural and social life. A female gender identity formation is closely related to basic Korean social constituencies such as mentality, national character, state gender policy, values and religious ideas that have an impact on differentiation of gender roles, position and status. It is concluded that gender relationship is an indicator of the civility level. The mechanisms of particular gender sequence formation in the context of different historical periods contribute to uncovering gender relationship peculiarities and general patterns of a Korean female identity transformation.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei koronarer
Herzerkrankung
Authors: Ott Ilka
Published: February 2022

Die koronare Herzerkrankung ist die häufigste Herzerkrankung bei Frauen und Männern.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Symptomatik, der Prognose und der Behandlung
bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzerkrankung wurden bereits in zahlreichen Studien
untersucht. Frauen sind älter, besitzen mehr Komorbiditäten, beklagen eher atypische
Symptome, suchen später ärztliche Hilfe auf und werden weniger leitliniengerecht
behandelt. In dem Artikel sollen geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Patienten mit
akutem und chronischem Koronarsyndrom zusammengefasst werden.
Perceptions of a Virtual Visiting Ophthalmology Elective in the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Onyekaba Ndidi-Amaka E. , Rosdahl Jullia A.
Published: February 2022

Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was a disruption for all aspects of medical education, especially for clinical students preparing for residency applications. Clinical rotations are essential for a student's specialty choice, especially for subspecialties such as ophthalmology where students may not get significant exposure during preclinical years. The cancellation of home and visiting ophthalmology electives due to the pandemic brought a need for newer, innovative ideas of instruction.

Methods A 4-week not-for-credit virtual elective was developed at the Department of Ophthalmology for visiting medical students and was offered from August to October 2020. Visiting fourth-year medical students were paired with faculty and resident mentors for one-on-one virtual mentoring, in addition to participation in departmental conferences and research opportunities. Surveys were distributed to students and mentors, and results were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and GraphPad Prism 9.

Results A total of 12 visiting fourth-year medical students participated in the virtual elective, 67% of whom did not have a home ophthalmology program. There was a significant increase in students' perception of their ophthalmology knowledge, with all of students reporting that the elective contributed to this. Students (100%) were “very satisfied” with their faculty mentors on a five-point Likert scale, with high satisfaction from faculty and resident mentors toward students also. The two required events in the elective, the journal club and case virtual conferences, were highly rated from students and mentors.

Conclusion The virtual ophthalmology elective, which was developed to address medical education gaps due to the COVID-19 pandemic, was favorably viewed by all who participated. As dedicated ophthalmology instruction time has decreased over the years, it may become increasingly more important to turn to virtual resources for ophthalmology instruction and mentorship.
Preventing Uterine Cervix Cancer: The Clinical Meaning of Atypical Glandular Cells
Authors: Almeida Gutemberg , Sainz Jorge Eduardo , Fonseca Renata , Chaves Neil , Silva Katia Silveira , Nunes Julio , Furtado Yara
Published: February 2022

Objective To determine the prevalence of the atypical glandular cells (AGCs) cytology and to analyze its clinical significance in different age ranges.

Methods Retrospective observational study using computerized data from the Brazilian National Cancer Institute, including women screened between January 2002 and December 2008. The women included were those with an AGC result who were properly followed-up with colposcopy and a second cytology.

Results A total of 132,147 cytopathological exams were performed during the study period. Five-hundred and thirty-three (0.4%) women with AGC cytology were identified and, of these, 69.41% (370/533) were properly referred for colposcopy and a new cytology. Most of the women (79.2%) with a 1st or 2nd AGC cytology were between the ages of 25 and 54 years. The 2nd cytology demonstrated 67.6% (250/370) of normality, 24.5% (91/370) of squamous atypia, and 6.2% (23/370) of AGC, 0.8% (3/370) adenocarcinoma in situ and 0.8% (3/370) adenocarcinoma invasor. On biopsy of the women with a second AGC cytology, 43.4% (10/23) had normal histology, 43.4% (10/23) had squamous lesions, 8.7% (2/23) had invasive adenocarcinoma, and 1.2% (1/23) had an inconclusive report. All of the women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or invasive adenocarcinoma (respectively 5 and 2 patients), after a 2nd AGC cytology were 25 years old or older.

Conclusion The prevalence of the AGC cytology was low in the studied population. Most of the AGC cytology cases occurred in adult women between the ages of 25 and 54. Although most of the patients had normal histology after follow-up, several of them presented with squamous intraepithelial lesions or invasive adenocarcinoma.
Perioperative Outcomes in Pregnant Women Who Underwent Surgery for Adnexal Torsion
Authors: Ekici Huseyin , Okmen Fırat , Imamoglu Metehan , Hortu Ismet , Akdemir Ali
Published: February 2022

Objective To evaluate clinical characteristics, maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women who underwent surgery for adnexal torsion (AT).

Methods All patients, who underwent surgical operation due to AT during pregnancy at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ege University between 2005 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated. Main clinical and perioperative outcomes were evaluated.

Results A total of 21 patients who underwent surgery due to AT during pregnancy were included. Of all patients, 61.9% underwent laparoscopy and the remaining 38.1% underwent laparotomy. The most common surgical procedure was adnexal detorsion in both groups (48%). Mean gestational age at the time of diagnosis, duration of surgery and hospitalization were significantly lower in the laparoscopy group, when compared with the laparotomy group (p = 0.006, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively.) One of the patients had an infection during the postoperative period. Spontaneous abortion was only observed in one case.

Conclusion It can be concluded that the surgical intervention implemented for the exact diagnosis and treatment of AT (laparotomy or laparoscopy) did not have an unfavorable effect on pregnancy outcomes such as abortion, preterm delivery, and fetal anomaly. However, laparoscopy may be superior to laparotomy in terms of advantages.