bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spina bifida-predisposing heterozygous mutations in Planar Cell Polarity genes and Zic2 reduce bone mass in young mice
Authors: Orriss Isabel R. , Lanham Stuart , Savery Dawn , Greene Nicholas D. E. , Stanier Philip , Oreffo Richard , Copp Andrew J. , Galea Gabriel L.
Published: February 2018

Fractures are a common comorbidity in children with the neural tube defect (NTD) spina bifida. Mutations in the Wnt/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway contribute to NTDs in humans and mice, but whether this pathway independently determines bone mass is poorly understood. Here, we first confirmed that core Wnt/PCP components are expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. In vivo, we performed detailed µCT comparisons of bone structure in tibiae from young male mice heterozygous for NTD-associated mutations versus WT littermates. PCP signalling disruption caused by Vangl2 (Vangl2Lp/+) or Celsr1 (Celsr1Crsh/+) mutations significantly reduced trabecular bone mass and distal tibial cortical thickness. NTD-associated mutations in non-PCP transcription factors were also investigated. Pax3 mutation (Pax3Sp2H/+) had minimal effects on bone mass. Zic2 mutation (Zic2Ku/+) significantly altered the position of the tibia/fibula junction and diminished cortical bone in the proximal tibia. Beyond these genes, we bioinformatically documented the known extent of shared genetic networks between NTDs and bone properties. 46 genes involved in neural tube closure are annotated with bone-related ontologies. These findings document shared genetic networks between spina bifida risk and bone structure, including PCP components and Zic2. Genetic variants which predispose to spina bifida may therefore independently diminish bone mass.
Patternable and Widely Colour-Tunable Elastomer-Based Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Song Seongkyu , Shim Hyunseok , Lim Sang Kyoo , Jeong Soon Moon
Published: February 2018

We demonstrate wide colour tunability of polydimethylsiloxane-based alternating-current-driven electroluminescent devices with intrinsically stretchable characteristics achieved by simply modulating the electrical frequency. By employing both a screen-printed emitting layer and frequency-dependent colour tuning of ZnS:Cu-based phosphors, we demonstrate various coloured patterned images in a single device. We also show enhanced colour-tuning performance by mixing multi-colour phosphors, which results in a broad range of available coordinates in colour space. We believe that our demonstrated method could be used for manipulating broader colour expression as well as in various applications involving stretchable devices.
Consequences of asynchronous heading in a perennial bunchgrass (Elymus excelsus)
Authors: Li Haiyan , Jin Xiaowei , Yang Yunfei
Published: February 2018

Reproduction is vital to plant population adaptation. The consequences of asynchronous reproduction in a perennial bunchgrass grass is not well studied. The heading reproductive tillers from early to late forms a continuum due to asynchronous heading and flowering in Elymus excelsus population. In two peak years of production, the three-year-old and four-year-old reproductive tillers of experimental E. excelsus population were marked from the early to late heading stage every four days at five different heading times and these tillers were harvested at the dough stage, respectively. The growth, biomass, seed production and reproductive allocation were measured to analyze the consequences of asynchronous reproduction. Reproductive tiller height, biomass, inflorescence length, inflorescence biomass, floret number, seed number, seed biomass, seed-set percentage, biomass allocation to inflorescence (RA1) and to seed (RA2) significantly decreased with the delay of heading date over the two years. Above ten phenotypic characteristics exponentially increased at a significant or extremely significant level with increasing differences in reproductive period. Reproductive tillers preferentially allocated the biomass to inflorescences, and then the inflorescences preferentially allocated the biomass to seeds throughout reproductive period. Earlier heading tillers had more contribution to E. excelsus population adaptation and development in the two peak years of production.
Proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphocytes in patients with bipolar disorder
Authors: Pietruczuk Krzysztof , Lisowska Katarzyna A. , Grabowski Karol , Landowski Jerzy , Witkowski Jacek M.
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was to evaluate proliferation capacity and susceptibility to apoptosis of T lymphocytes of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and to investigate in vitro influence of two standard mood stabilizers: lithium and valproic acid on these parameters using flow cytometry. Our results show that T lymphocytes of BD patients, especially those treated with lithium, have reduced proliferation capacity compared to healthy people. In vitro studies showed that valproic acid reduces the number of cell divisions and percentages of proliferating cells regardless of health status but mainly in very high dose, while lithium has no significant influence on proliferation capacity of patients’ T lymphocytes. Lymphocytes of BD patients are also more prone to apoptosis compared with healthy individuals which is related to high expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein. In vitro lithium protected patients’ lymphocytes from apoptosis proportionally to dose used. Valproic acid protected lymphocytes of patients from apoptosis mainly in therapeutic concentration. Our results show that mood stabilizers used to prevent relapses of the disease have anti-apoptotic effect on T lymphocytes of BD patients but they are not able to improve their proliferation capacity.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol and ethylene glycol on cubic, octahedral and rhombic dodecahedral palladium nanocrystals
Authors: Ma Xian-Yin , Chen Yafeng , Wang Han , Li Qiao-Xia , Lin Wen-Feng , Cai Wen-Bin
Published: February 2018

Ethanol and ethylene glycol electrocatalytic oxidation on Pd cubic, octahedral and rhombic dodecahedral nanocrystals in alkaline media was systematically investigated.
Probing the impact of magnetic interactions on the lattice dynamics of two-dimensional Ti2X (X = C, N) MXenes
Authors: Sternik Małgorzata , Wdowik Urszula D.
Published: February 2018

Magnetic interactions play an important role in the intensities of the Raman-active phonon modes in Ti2X (X = C, N) monolayers.
A numerical calculation method of environmental impacts for the deep sea mining industry – a review
Authors: Ma Wenbin , van Rhee Cees , Schott Dingena
Published: February 2018

Since the gradual decrease of mineral resources on-land, deep sea mining (DSM) is becoming an urgent and important emerging activity in the world.
Antimicrobial peptide–metal ion interactions – a potential way of activity enhancement
Authors: Łoboda D. , Kozłowski H. , Rowińska-Żyrek M.
Published: February 2018

We discuss the potential correlation between the antimicrobial peptide–metal binding mode, structure, thermodynamics and mode of action.
Parallel lives of symbionts and hosts: chemical mutualism in marine animals
Authors: Morita Maho , Schmidt Eric W.
Published: February 2018

Symbiotic microbes interact with animals, often by producing natural products (specialized metabolites; secondary metabolites) that exert a biological role.
Influence of substrate on the structure of predominantly anatase TiO2films grown by reactive sputtering
Authors: Brandt Iuri S. , Plá Cid Cristiani C. , Azevedo Carlos G. G. , Pereira André L. J. , Benetti Luana C. , Ferlauto Andre S. , Dias da Silva José H. , Pasa André A.
Published: February 2018

Revealing the crystalline structure of predominantly grown anatase TiO2films.
High-throughput system metabolomics method reveals new mechanistic insights of chlorogenic acid by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xiu Yunxia , Ren Chunna , Chen Cui
Published: February 2018

It has increasingly been recognized that metabolism is highly interconnected with disease, and system metabolomics studies have aimed to discover metabolic biomarkers and analyze the pathways of metabolome phenotypes.
Effects of different extrusion temperatures on extrusion behavior, phenolic acids, antioxidant activity, anthocyanins and phytosterols of black rice
Authors: Hu Zhanqiang , Tang Xiaozhi , Zhang Ming , Hu Xianqiao , Yu Chen , Zhu Zhiwei , Shao Yafang.
Published: February 2018

Different extrusion temperatures (90, 100, 110, and 120 °C) were used to investigate changes in the expansion ratios, die pressures, phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities of extrusion products of black rice.
Flexural behavior of 3Dpara-aramid/phenolic/nano (MWCNT) composites
Authors: Bilisik K. , Erdogan G. , Sapancı E.
Published: February 2018

The bending properties of four types of nanostitched and nanoprepreg three dimensional (3D)para-aramid/phenolic composite were studied. Stitched or stitched/nanop-aramid/phenolic composites could be considered as damage tolerant materials.
Syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic properties and ESI-MS studies of a series of trinuclear CuIIMIICuII compounds (M = Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn)
Authors: Hari Nairita , Mandal Shuvankar , Jana Arpita , Sparkes Hazel A. , Mohanta Sasankasekhar
Published: February 2018

Six homo/heterotrinuclear CuIIMIICuII (M = Mn–Zn) compounds derived from salicylaldehyde-trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, which is a rarely utilized ligand, are reported.
Surface functionalized silica nanoparticles for the off–on fluorogenic detection of an improvised explosive, TATP, in a vapour flow
Authors: García-Calvo José , Calvo-Gredilla Patricia , Ibáñez-Llorente Marcos , Romero Daisy C. , Cuevas José V. , García-Herbosa Gabriel , Avella Manuel , Torroba Tomás
Published: February 2018

Silica nanomaterials generate a permanent and strongly fluorescent response in a vapour flow of the improvised explosive triacetone triperoxide (TATP).
Largely enhanced VOC and stability in perovskite solar cells with modified energy match by coupled 2D interlayers
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Wang Sen , Chen Xi , Li Zengrong , Wang Jie , Li Tianhao , Deng Xianyu
Published: February 2018

The performance of perovskite solar cells is largely enhanced by modifying the energy match of electrodes with coupled 2D interfacial layers. The VOC is about 0.17 V increased to 1.135 V and 1.176 V for the CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI2.5Br0.5 based devices, respectively. The PCE of the PEDOT:PSS based p–i–n solar cells is up to 19.14%.
Naphthalimide end capped anthraquinone based solution-processable n-channel organic semiconductors: effect of alkyl chain engineering on charge transport
Authors: Do Thu-Trang , Takeda Yasunori , Manzhos Sergei , Bell John , Tokito Shizuo , Sonar Prashant
Published: February 2018

A series of electron deficient small molecules using fused anthraquinone and naphthalimide conjugated backbone with different alkyl chain length with lower LUMO for n-channel organic thin film transistor.
In situ methanation with flame ionization detection for the determination of carbon dioxide in various matrices
Authors: Luong J. , Hua Y. , Gras R. , Hawryluk M.
Published: February 2018

An analytical technique that employs in situ methanation with flame ionization detection for the measurement of carbon dioxide in various matrices has been developed and implemented.
Red fluorescent probes for real-time imaging of the cell cycle by dynamic monitoring of the nucleolus and chromosome
Authors: Wang Kang-Nan , Chao Xi-Juan , Liu Bing , Zhou Dan-Jie , He Liang , Zheng Xiao-Hui , Cao Qian , Tan Cai-Ping , Zhang Chen , Mao Zong-Wan
Published: February 2018

Two cationic molecular rotors, 1 and 2, capable of real-time cell-cycle imaging by specifically dynamic monitoring of nucleolus and chromosome changes were developed.
Dynamic modulation of inter-particle correlation during colloidal assembly in a confined medium: revealed by real time SAXS
Authors: Sen Debasis , Das Avik , Bahadur Jitendra , Choudhury Niharendu
Published: February 2018

Using real time small-angle X-ray scattering, we ellucidate a hitherto unobserved non-monotonic evolution of inter-particle correlation while colloidal particles assemble across pore boundary in a confined medium under influence of solvent evaporation.
Experimental and theoretical calculation investigation on efficient Pb(ii) adsorption on etched Ti3AlC2 nanofibers and nanosheets
Authors: Gu Pengcheng , Xing Jinlu , Wen Tao , Zhang Rui , Wang Jian , Zhao Guixia , Hayat Tasawar , Ai Yuejie , Lin Zhang , Wang Xiangke
Published: February 2018

Layered 2D etched Ti3AlC2 nanofibers and nanosheets with different morphologies (named as e-TACFs and e-TACSs) were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment.
Xylitol, mannitol and maltitol as potential sucrose replacers in burger buns
Authors: Sahin Aylin W. , Axel Claudia , Zannini Emanuele , Arendt Elke K.
Published: February 2018

Burger buns are a source of added sugar, containing 7–12%, in order to ensure their unique texture and taste.
A photo-stable fluorescent chiral thiourea probe for enantioselective discrimination of chiral guests
Authors: Zhang Xueyan , Yu Qiuhan , Chen Shengxin , Dai Zhenya
Published: February 2018

Herein, a chiral thiourea Schiff base derived from (1R,2R)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was applied as a highly effective chiral sensor for the enantioselective discrimination of various acids and aminesviaion-pair and hydrogen-bond interaction.
Graphene delamination using ‘electrochemical methods’: an ion intercalation effect
Authors: Verguts Ken , Coroa João , Huyghebaert Cedric , De Gendt Stefan , Brems Steven
Published: February 2018

The intercalation of ions is the main mechanism to delaminate CVD graphene from its catalytic growth substrate.
17O solid-state NMR spectroscopy of A2B2O7oxides: quantitative isotopic enrichment and spectral acquisition?
Authors: Fernandes Arantxa , Moran Robert F. , Sneddon Scott , Dawson Daniel M. , McKay David , Bignami Giulia P. M. , Blanc Frédéric , Whittle Karl R. , Ashbrook Sharon E.
Published: February 2018

Investigation of the conditions required for quantitative isotopic enrichment and the acquisition of quantitative17O NMR spectra of ceramic oxides.
Efficient small-molecule non-fullerene electron transporting materials for high-performance inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wu Fei , Gao Wei , Yu Hui , Zhu Linna , Li Lu , Yang Chuluo
Published: February 2018

High efficiencies of 17.11% and 16.12% are obtained in inverted PSCs using ITCPTC-Th/Se as electron transporting materials.
Botulinum toxin A increases allograft tolerance in an experimental transplantation model: a preliminary study
Authors: Park Yun Joo , Lee Jang Won , Chong Yosep , Park Tae Hwan
Published: February 2018

Identifying novel and safe immunosuppressants is of crucial importance. Recently, there have been several studies revealing that botulinum toxin A (BoTA) significantly alleviates ischemia–reperfusion injuries. Emerging evidence shows that ischemia–reperfusion injuries contribute to innate immune activation, promoting rejection, and inhibiting tolerance. Therefore, we hypothesized that a pretreatment with BoTA might decrease allograft rejection in a rat transplantation model. Twenty-four Lewis (LEW) rats were randomly assigned into two groups consisting of 12 rats each, depending on whether skin allograft was performed after pretreatment with BoTA (BoTA group) or with normal saline (control group). The experimental group was pretreated with a subcutaneous injection of BoTA (10 IU), while the control group was pretreated with normal saline 5 days prior to surgery. The donor Brown–Norway (BN) rat dorsal skin was subsequently grafted to the recipient LEW rats. The recipient wounds, measuring 2 cm × 2 cm, were made via dorsal skin excision through the panniculus carnosus. The donor skins of the same dimensions were obtained and transplanted on to the wounds and sutured with 4-0 nylon sutures. Mean graft survival time was measured in both groups. Quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and Western blotting were performed to evaluate the gene/protein expression of CD4 and VEGF. The mean graft survival time in the BoTA group was significantly longer than that of the control group (P=0.004). The relative mRNA and protein expression of CD4 was significantly lower in the BoTA group (P<0.001), while the relative mRNA and protein expression of VEGF was significantly higher in the BoTA group (P<0.001). In conclusion, our results show that BoTA prolongs the survival of skin allografts in a rat transplantation model.
Osteogenic protein-1 attenuates apoptosis and enhances matrix synthesis of nucleus pulposus cells under high magnitude compression though inhibiting the p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Fang Haolin , Li Xianzhou , Shen Haiming , Sun Buwei , Teng Haijun , Li Pei
Published: February 2018

Disc degeneration is correlated with mechanical load. Osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) is potential to regenerate degenerative disc. To investigate whether OP-1 can protect against high magitude compression-induced nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and NP matrix catabolism, and its potential mechanism; porcine discs were cultured in a bioreactor and compressed at a relatively high-magnitude mechanical compression (1.3 MPa at a frequency of 1.0 Hz for 2 h once per day) for 7 days. OP-1 was added along with the culture medium to investigate the protective effects of OP-1. NP cell apoptosis and matrix biosynthesis were evaluated. Additionally, activity of the p38 MAPK pathway is also analyzed. Compared with the control group, high magnitude compression significantly promoted NP cell apoptosis and decreased NP matrix biosynthesis, reflected by the increase in the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells and caspase-3 activity, the up-regulated expression of Bax and caspase-3 mRNA and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 mRNA, and the decreased Alcian Blue staining intensity and expression of matrix proteins (aggrecan and collagen II). However, OP-1 addition partly attenuated the effects of high magnitude compression on NP cell apoptosis and NP matrix biosynthesis. Further analysis showed that inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway partly participated in this process. OP-1 can attenuate high magnitude compression-induced NP cell apoptosis and promoted NP matrix biosynthesis, and inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway may participate in this regulatory process. The present study provides that OP-1 may be efficient in retarding mechanical overloading-exacerbated disc degeneration.
Poor Speech Perception Is Not a Core Deficit of Childhood Apraxia of Speech: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Zuk Jennifer , Iuzzini-Seigel Jenya , Cabbage Kathryn , Green Jordan R. , Hogan Tiffany P.
Published: February 2018

Purpose

Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is hypothesized to arise from deficits in speech motor planning and programming, but the influence of abnormal speech perception in CAS on these processes is debated. This study examined speech perception abilities among children with CAS with and without language impairment compared to those with language impairment, speech delay, and typically developing peers.

Method

Speech perception was measured by discrimination of synthesized speech syllable continua that varied in frequency (/dɑ/–/ɡɑ/). Groups were classified by performance on speech and language assessments and compared on syllable discrimination thresholds. Within-group variability was also evaluated.

Results

Children with CAS without language impairment did not significantly differ in syllable discrimination compared to typically developing peers. In contrast, those with CAS and language impairment showed significantly poorer syllable discrimination abilities compared to children with CAS only and typically developing peers. Children with speech delay and language impairment also showed significantly poorer discrimination abilities, with appreciable within-group variability.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that speech perception deficits are not a core feature of CAS but rather occur with co-occurring language impairment in a subset of children with CAS. This study establishes the significance of accounting for language ability in children with CAS.

Supplemental Materials

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5848056
Optimal power allocation scheme for distributed antenna system with OFDM in frequency‐selective fading channels
Authors: Yu Xiangbin , Wang Hao , Leung Shu‐Hung , Teng Tao
Published: February 2018

Optimal power allocation (PA) scheme for distributed antenna systems with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DAS‐OFDM) over frequency‐selective fading channels is presented. The PA design is to optimise the transmit powers of subcarriers to maximise the capacity subject to the total power constraint. Based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker optimality conditions, the optimal PA to the distributed nodes for a subcarrier can be simplified to allocating the power to the node of the largest channel gain. With this result, an efficient algorithm is derived to obtain the optimal PA to the nodes for all the subcarriers of the DAS‐OFDM. Compared with an existing suboptimal scheme, the developed scheme can obtain higher capacity and has lower complexity. By computer simulations, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is verified.
Complete characterisation of disturbance estimation and fault detection for positive systems
Authors: Oghbaee Amirreza , Shafai Bahram , Nazari Sam
Published: February 2018

This study considers the problem of disturbance estimation and fault detection for positive systems. Depending on the occurrences of disturbance and/or faults on positive systems, the authors use two types of observer structures and provide design strategies for reliable estimation of states, disturbance, and faults. Although various positive observers have been designed for positive systems, they fail to estimate the states in presence of unknown inputs. To realise simultaneous estimation of states and unknown inputs for positive systems, a special type of unknown input observer (UIO) called positive UIO (PUIO) is introduced and an linear matrix inequality (LMI) based approach is provided to make its design possible. The authors also show that simultaneous states and sensor fault estimation can be solved by a conversion scheme through a positive filtering process of the output. This allows to convert the sensor fault as an unknown input and employ the PUIO design. Finally, the problem of robust fault detection for positive systems is formulated and solved by combining the capability of UIO with proportional–integral (PI) observer. This integrated observer (PIUIO) decouples the unknown input disturbance through its UIO part while allowing PI part to estimate the fault. Several examples are constructed to support the theoretical results.
Containment control for high‐order multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous time delays
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Shi Lei , Shao Jingliang
Published: February 2018

This study addresses the containment control problem for high‐order multi‐agent systems with heterogeneous time delays. Here the authors consider two cases: the leaders are stationary and the leaders are dynamic. Based on the distributed containment control protocols with proper gain parameters, they utilise the properties of the product of infinite matrices to derive some sufficient conditions. The obtained results guarantee that all the followers can asymptotically converge to a convex hull spanned by those of the leaders under the proper gain parameters if the communication topology contains a directed spanning forest rooted at the leaders. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of their theoretical results.
Stabilisation of discrete‐time systems with finite‐level uniform and logarithmic quantisers
Authors: Campos Gustavo Cruz , Gomes da Silva Joao Manoel , Tarbouriech Sophie , Pereira Carlos Eduardo
Published: February 2018

This study deals with the stabilisation of discrete‐time linear systems subject to static finite‐level quantisation on the control inputs. Two kinds of quantisers are considered: uniform and logarithmic. The modelling of the finite‐level quantisation is obtained by the application of deadzone and saturation maps to an infinite‐level quantiser. From this model, conditions for the synthesis of state feedback control laws guaranteeing the convergence of the trajectories to an attractor around the origin provided that the initial state belongs to a certain admissible set are proposed. These conditions can thus be incorporated in linear matrix inequality‐based optimisation schemes to compute the stabilising gain while minimising the size of the attractor.
Stationary wavelet transform aided design of parity space vectors for fault detection in LDTV systems
Authors: Xue Ting , Zhong Maiying , Ding Steven X. , Ye Hao
Published: February 2018

This study deals with the problem of fault detection (FD) for linear discrete time‐varying (LDTV) systems by combining the parity space‐based method with the stationary wavelet transform (SWT). For the purpose of achieving good FD performance and simultaneously reducing the online computational burden resulted by high parity space order, SWT on residual signal is the first step in this study. This allows the formulation of residual generation as the selection of wavelet basis for SWT and the design of time‐varying parity space vectors in a framework of multiscale optimisation. A recursive algorithm is developed for the computation of optimal parity space vectors and, based on this, a bank of residual signals can be obtained. Moreover, a weighted multiscale residual evaluation strategy is presented to detect the occurrence of a fault. The major contribution of the study lies in the development of a recursive design of SWT aided parity space vectors, which delivers an improvement of FD performance for a lower parity space order and an easy online implementation. A numerical example is demonstrated to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analysis and design of two‐switch flyback converter with double passive lossless snubber
Authors: Soltanzadeh Karim , Yousefi Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2018

A double passive lossless snubber (DPLS) is applied to a pulse width modulation two‐switch flyback converter (TSFC). The DPLS, which has two capacitors, two inductors, and four diodes, has achieved zero voltage turn off and zero current (ZC) turn on for power switches without high voltage and current stresses; ZC turn on and ZC turn off for a rectifier diode without a reverse recovery problem. In this study, the steady‐state operating modes of TSFC–DPLS are analysed and the proposed converter design procedure to operate in the continuous conduction mode is taken. To validate the theoretical analysis, a 240 W prototype TSFC–DPLS under an 85–135 Vrms input, 24 VDC output, and 300 kHz is implemented. Finally, by utilising the experimental results, the soft switching conditions under wide input voltage and output load ranges are discussed.
Hybrid ANFIS‐GA‐based control scheme for performance enhancement of a grid‐connected wind generator
Authors: Soliman Mahmoud A. , Hasanien Hany M. , Azazi Haitham Z. , El‐kholy Elwy E. , Mahmoud Sabry A.
Published: February 2018

This study presents a novel application of a hybrid adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)‐genetic algorithm (GA)‐based control scheme to enhance the performance of a variable‐speed wind energy conversion system. The variable‐speed wind turbine drives a permanent‐magnet synchronous generator, which is connected to the power grid through a frequency converter. A cascaded ANFIS‐GA controller is introduced to control both of the generator‐side converter and the grid‐side inverter. ANFIS is a non‐linear, adaptive, and robustness controller, which integrates the merits of the artificial neural network and the FIS. A GA‐based learning design procedure is proposed to identify the ANFIS parameters. Detailed modelling of the system under investigation and its control strategies are demonstrated. For achieving realistic responses, real wind speed data extracted from Zaafarana wind farm, Egypt, are considered in the analyses. The effectiveness of the ANFIS‐GA controller is compared with that obtained using optimised proportional–integral controllers by the novel grey wolf optimiser algorithm taking into consideration severe grid disturbances. The validity of the ANFIS‐GA control scheme is verified by the extensive simulation analyses, which are performed using MATLAB/Simulink environment. With the ANFIS‐GA controller, the dynamic and transient stability of grid‐connected wind generator systems can be further enhanced.
Determination of transformer HV winding axial displacement occurrence, direction, and extent using time‐domain analysis of UWB signals
Authors: Rahbarimagham Hesam , Esmaeili Saeid , Gharehpetian Gevork B.
Published: February 2018

In this study, a new method is proposed to monitor axial displacement (AD) of transformer high‐voltage (HV) winding using electromagnetic waves. The proposed method employed two receiving antennas and one transmitting antenna to exchange ultra‐wideband (UWB) signals with the winding. The magnitude Euclidean distance (MED) index is used to compare the received signals when winding is sound or defective. Two receiving antennas receive signals at two different positions upon ADs in winding which causes different values in the amplitude of the received signals as well as the MED index of two receiving antennas. Hence, taking advantage of this feature, the occurrence, direction, and extent of AD can be identified. The proposed method is assessed using a simulation model. Then, experiments are conducted on an actual transformer winding using an experimental setup.
Effect of off‐axis H‐coil sensitivity on clockwise–anticlockwise differences of rotational power loss in isotropic samples
Authors: Zurek Stan
Published: February 2018

Wire wound H‐coils used for rotational measurements are not completely immune to off‐axis components of magnetic field strength H. As a result, such components are capable of introducing the significant difference between the rotational power loss measured in the clockwise (CW) or anticlockwise (ACW) direction of rotation. These measurement errors do not influence the average value, and they are distinctly different from the errors caused by the angular misalignment of the sensors in the field metric method. As demonstrated in this study even ideal angular positioning of the H‐coils could still produce CW–ACW differences at the level of ±15% at lower flux density and ±30% close to saturation.
New method for measuring torque ripple of the starter generator
Authors: Wu Zhiyong , Kang Yuanli L. , Guo Hong
Published: February 2018

This study presents a static method for measuring torque ripple of the high power starter generator (SG), which has an advantage over the traditional dynamic method. The method proposed accurately measures the torque ripple of the SG during the start mode. The results can be applied to analyse the harmonics of the torque ripple. The accuracy of the method is verified by the experiments.
A Generalized Technique in Numerical Integration
Authors: Safouhi Hassan
Published: February 2018

Integration by parts is one of the most popular techniques in the analysis of integrals and is one of the simplest methods to generate asymptotic expansions of integral representations. The product of the technique is usually a divergent series formed from evaluating boundary terms; however, sometimes the remaining integral is also evaluated. Due to the successive differentiation and anti-differentiation required to form the series or the remaining integral, the technique is difficult to apply to problems more complicated than the simplest. In this contribution, we explore a generalized and formalized integration by parts to create equivalent representations to some challenging integrals.

As a demonstrative archetype, we examine Bessel integrals, Fresnel integrals and Airy functions.
Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves on a Waveguide Joint
Authors: Malykh Mikhail , Sevastianov Leonid , Tyutyunnik Anastasiya , Nikolaev Nikolai
Published: February 2018

In general, the investigation of the electromagnetic field in an inhomogeneous waveguide doesn’t reduce to the study of two independent boundary value problems for the Helmholtz equation. We show how to rewrite the Helmholtz equations in the “Hamiltonian form” to express the connection between these two problems explicitly. The problem of finding monochromatic waves in an arbitrary waveguide is reduced to an infinite system of ordinary differential equations in a properly constructed Hilbert space. The calculations are performed in the computer algebra system Sage.
Nonlinear Spinor Field in Non-Diagonal Bianchi Type Space-Time
Authors: Saha Bijan
Published: February 2018

Within the scope of the non-diagonal Bianchi cosmological models we have studied the role of the spinor field in the evolution of the Universe. In the non-diagonal Bianchi models the spinor field distribution along the main axis is anisotropic and does not vanish in the absence of the spinor field nonlinearity. Hence within these models perfect fluid, dark energy etc. cannot be simulated by the spinor field nonlinearity. The equation for volume scale V in the case of non-diagonal Bianchi models contains a term with first derivative of V explicitly and does not allow exact solution by quadratures. Like the diagonal models the non-diagonal Bianchi space-time becomes locally rotationally symmetric even in the presence of a spinor field. It was found that depending on the sign of the coupling constant the model allows either an open Universe that rapidly grows up or a close Universe that ends in a Big Crunch singularity.
Numerical Solution of the Time Dependent 3D Schrödinger Equation Describing Tunneling of Atoms from Anharmonic Traps
Authors: Ishmukhamedov Ilyas , Ishmukhamedov Altay , Melezhik Vladimir
Published: February 2018

We present an efficient numerical method for the integration of the 3D Schrödinger equation. A tunneling problem of two interacting bosonic atoms confined in a 1D anharmonic trap has been successfully solved by means of this method. We demonstrate fast convergence of the final results with respect to spatial and temporal grid steps. The computational scheme is based on the operator-splitting technique with the implicit Crank-Nicolson algorithm on spatial sixth-order finite-differences. The computational time is proportional to the number of spatial grid points.
Optimal Approximation of Biquartic Polynomials by Bicubic Splines
Authors: Kačala Viliam , Török Csaba
Published: February 2018

Recently an unexpected approximation property between polynomials of degree three and four was revealed within the framework of two-part approximation models in 2-norm, Chebyshev norm and Holladay seminorm. Namely, it was proved that if a two-component cubic Hermite spline’s first derivative at the shared knot is computed from the first derivative of a quartic polynomial, then the spline is a clamped spline of classC2and also the best approximant to the polynomial.

Although it was known that a 2 × 2 component uniform bicubic Hermite spline is a clamped spline of classC2if the derivatives at the shared knots are given by the first derivatives of a biquartic polynomial, the optimality of such approximation remained an open question.

The goal of this paper is to resolve this problem. Unlike the spline curves, in the case of spline surfaces it is insufficient to suppose that the grid should be uniform and the spline derivatives computed from a biquartic polynomial. We show that the biquartic polynomial coefficients have to satisfy some additional constraints to achieve optimal approximation by bicubic splines.
Shift of Shapiro Step in High Critical Temperature Superconductors
Authors: Kulikov Kirill , Shukrinov Yury , Nashaat Majed , Irie Akinobu
Published: February 2018

The influence of the charge imbalance effect on a system of intrinsic Josephson junctions of high temperature superconductors under external electromagnetic radiation is investigated. We find that the charge imbalance is responsible for the slope of the Shapiro step in the IV-characteristic. The nonperiodic boundary conditions shift the Shapiro step from the canonical position which is determined by the frequency of the external radiation. We also find how the system parameters influence the shift of the Shapiro step.
Finite Difference Schemes as Algebraic Correspondences between Layers
Authors: Malykh Mikhail , Sevastianov Leonid
Published: February 2018

For some differential equations, especially for Riccati equation, new finite difference schemes are suggested. These schemes define protective correspondences between the layers. Calculation using these schemes can be extended to the area beyond movable singularities of exact solution without any error accumulation.
A Variational Solution of the Schrödinger Equation in an Inhomogeneous Central Field
Authors: Tolstov Ilya , Freinkman Boris , Polyakov Sergey
Published: February 2018

The present work is devoted to the computer modeling of emission processes from the graphene surface which is a promising material for modern applications. We examine the effect of the ion field inhomogeneity on the variational solution of the Schrödinger equation for the ground state of a loosely bound electron of a hydrogen-like carbon atom, which simulates the graphene model. This shows a significant impact of the allowance for the field inhomogeneity to the ground state of the electron.
Towards J/ψ → e+ e− Decays Triggering with TRD in CBM Experiment
Authors: Derenovskaya Olga , Ablyazimov Timur , Ivanov Victor
Published: February 2018

The paper presents an efficient Cellular Automaton based algorithm for trajectory reconstruction in the Transition Radiation Detector of the CBM experiment. The comparison of the different electron identification methods is also given.
Study of the Possibility of Reducing the Slow Fluctuations of the Reactivity and Thermal Power of the IBR-2M Reactor
Authors: Pepelyshev Yuri , Tsogtsaikhan Tsolmon
Published: February 2018

This paper presents an artificial neural network method for long-term prediction of the thermal dynamic parameters of the IBR-2M reactor. Attention is focused mainly on the prediction of the temperature and sodium flow at the entry into the core as well as the thermal power. It is shown that the prediction makes it possible to reduce by a factor of 3 the influence of slow fluctuations of reactivity on the power and thereby reduce the operational requirements for the automatic power stabilization system.
Determination of the Vesicular Systems Parameters: Parallel Implementation and Analysis of the PTNS Vesicle Structure
Authors: Bashashin Maxim , Zemlyanaya Elena , Zhabitskaya Evgeniya , Kiselev Mikhail , Sapozhnikova Tatyana
Published: February 2018

Parameters of the phospholipid vesicular systems are determined by means of minimization of the discrepancy between experimental data on the small angle scattering intensity and the numerical results within the frame of the separated form factors method. Effectiveness of parallel implementation is tested at the cluster HybriLIT. Results of numerical analysis of small angle neutron scattering data on polydispersed population of unilamellar vesicles of phospholipid transport nanosystem are presented.
Symbolic-Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Damping Moments on Satellite Dynamics
Authors: Gutnik Sergey A. , Sarychev Vasily A.
Published: February 2018

The dynamics of a satellite on a circular orbit under the influence of gravitational and active damping torques, which are proportional to the projections of the angular velocity of the satellite, is investigated. Computer algebra Gröbner basis methods for the determination of all equilibrium orientations of the satellite in the orbital coordinate system with given damping torque and given principal central moments of inertia were used. The conditions of the equilibria existence depending on three damping parameters were obtained from the analysis of the real roots of the algebraic equations spanned by the constructed Gröbner basis. Conditions of asymptotic stability of the satellite equilibria and the transition decay processes of the spatial oscillations of the satellite at different damping parameters have also been obtained.
A Scientific Workflow System for Satellite Data Processing with Real-Time Monitoring
Authors: Nguyen Minh Duc
Published: February 2018

This paper provides a case study on satellite data processing, storage, and distribution in the space weather domain by introducing the Satellite Data Downloading System (SDDS). The approach proposed in this paper was evaluated through real-world scenarios and addresses the challenges related to the specific field. Although SDDS is used for satellite data processing, it can potentially be adapted to a wide range of data processing scenarios in other fields of physics.
Multilane Traffic Flow Modeling Using Cellular Automata Theory
Authors: Chechina Antonina , Churbanova Natalia , Trapeznikova Marina
Published: February 2018

The paper deals with the mathematical modeling of traffic flows on urban road networks using microscopic approach. The model is based on the cellular automata theory and presents a generalization of the Nagel-Schreckenberg model to a multilane case. The created program package allows to simulate traffic on various types of road fragments (T or X type intersection, strait road elements, etc.) and on road networks that consist of these elements. Besides that, it allows to predict the consequences of various decisions regarding road infrastructure changes, such as: number of lanes increasing/decreasing, putting new traffic lights into operation, building new roads, entrances/exits, road junctions.
L’Argentine dans le contexte latino-américain : consommations alimentaires, santé et politiques nutritionnelles
Authors: Sebillotte Clementina
Published: February 2018

Le surpoids et l’obésité, problèmes nutritionnels planétaires, n’épargnent pas les populations des pays en développement. En Argentine, comme dans la majorité des pays d’Amérique latine et des Caraïbes, les problèmes de surcharge pondérale affectent plus de la moitié de la population adulte (FAO, OPS, OMS. 2017. 2016 América Latina y el Caribe. Panorama de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, Sistemas alimentarios sostenible para poner fin al hambre y a la malnutrición. Santiago de Chile (Chile): Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud. Disponible sur http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6747s.pdf) et, plus grave encore, coexistent avec des situations de carences nutritionnelles. Ce travail se penche sur les évolutions de l’alimentation et de l’action publique en Argentine à la lumière des changements mondiaux, mais aussi de l’instabilité économique et sociale locale. Cette analyse est replacée dans le contexte latino-américain et offre une place spécifique à la question des lipides. La première partie est dédiée à l’évolution des consommations alimentaires en Argentine, dont celle des lipides, et de la situation nutritionnelle de la population locale. La deuxième partie présente les évolutions des actions de politique alimentaire et nutritionnelle développées en Argentine et s’intéresse tout particulièrement à une action publique pionnière et réussie pour réduire le contenu en acides gras trans d’origine industrielle des aliments. La troisième partie dresse un panorama général et non exhaustif de la situation nutritionnelle de l’Amérique latine, de l’évolution des modèles de consommation alimentaire et des politiques alimentaires et nutritionnelles mises en place dans la région, dont celles pour lutter contre les acides gras trans.
Palladium-Catalyzed Germylation of Aryl Bromides and Aryl Triflates Using Hexamethyldigermane
Authors: Komami Narumi , Matsuoka Keitaro , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: February 2018

Palladium-catalyzed germylation of aryl bromides and aryl triflates using commercially available hexamethyldigermane is described. Optimized reaction conditions afforded various functionalized aryltrimethylgermanes, including drug-like molecules, in moderate to good yields, demonstrating the versatility of the presented protocols.
Orbitopterional Approach with Extradural Clinoidectomy for the Resection of a Tuberculum Sellae Meningioma: Adapting the Strategy to the Microsurgical and Pathological Anatomy
Authors: Basma Jaafar , Nguyen Vincent , Sorenson Jeffrey , Michael L.
Published: February 2018

Objectives To describe the orbitopterional approach with extradural clinoidectomy for the resection of a tuberculum sellae meningioma, with an emphasis on the microsurgical and pathological anatomy of such lesions.

Design After completing the orbitopterional craniotomy in one piece, the optic nerve is identified extradurally, unroofed, and the clinoid process resected. The falciform ligament is divided and the optic nerve is decompressed extradurally. Opening the frontotemporal dura exposes the tumor in the subfrontal region. The tumor is followed along the ipsilateral and contralateral optic nerves, and its dural tail is cut and coagulated at the level of the tuberculum. Care is taken to preserve the optic nerve perforators during the dissection. Photographs of the region are borrowed from Dr Rhoton's laboratory to illustrate the microsurgical anatomy.

Participants The surgery was performed by the senior author assisted by Dr. Jaafar Basma, neurosurgery fourth-year resident. The video was edited by Dr. Vincent Nguyen, neurosurgery third-year resident.

Outcome Measures Outcome was assessed with the extent of resection and visual symptoms.

Results A near-total resection of the tumor was achieved. A small part of tumor significantly adherent to the optic nerve was intentionally left behind. The patient had a stable vision examination postoperatively.

Conclusions Understanding the microsurgical anatomy of the suprasellar region and the pathological anatomy of the tuberculum sellae meningioma is necessary to achieve a good resection of these tumors while preserving functionality of the optic apparatus. The orbitopterional approach with anterior clinoidectomy provides the appropriate access for such endeavor.

The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/WtAP8uqSW0M.
Relationship between Blood Glucose Fluctuation and Brain Damage in the Hypoglycemia Neonates
Authors: Lv Yuan , Zhu Ling-Ling , Shu Gui-Hua
Published: February 2018

Objective To investigate the relationship between blood glucose fluctuation and brain damage in the hypoglycemia neonates.

Study Design A retrospective study including all neonates hospitalized due to hypoglycemia from September 2013 to August 2016 was performed. All the 58 hypoglycemia infants were divided into two groups—the brain-damaged group and the nonbrain-damaged group, according to head magnetic resonance imaging and/or amplitude-integrated electroencephalogram. Relationship between glucose variability and brain damage and whether these variation indexes could act as early indicators for hypoglycemic brain damage were investigated.

Results Of the 13 brain-damaged cases, the lowest blood glucose (LBG) level was lower, while duration of hypoglycemia was longer compared with the 45 nonbrain-damaged cases (p < 0.001). The largest amplitude of glycemic excursions, standard deviation of blood glucose, and mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) of the brain-damaged group were higher (p < 0.001). Under receiver-operating characteristic curve, values of area under the curve of MAGE were 0.892, duration of hypoglycemia was 0.921, and LBG was 0.109 (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Brain damage of the hypoglycemia neonates relates not only with LBG and duration of hypoglycemia but also with the blood glucose variation indexes; MAGE and duration of hypoglycemia could act as predictors for brain damage.