bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First‐Row Transition‐Metal Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation and Related Reactions: A Personal Account
Authors: Subaramanian Murugan , Sivakumar Ganesan , Balaraman Ekambaram
Published: August 2021

The development of sustainable catalytic protocols that circumvent the use of expensive and precious metal catalysts and avoid toxic reagents plays a crucial role in organic synthesis. Indeed, the direct employment of simple and abundantly available feedstock chemicals as the starting materials broadens their synthetic application in contemporary research. In particular, the transition metal‐catalyzed diversification of alcohols with various nucleophilic partners to construct a wide range of building blocks is a powerful and highly desirable methodology. Moreover, the replacement of precious metal catalysts by non‐precious and less toxic metals for selective transformations is one of the main goals and has been paid significant attention to in modern chemistry. In view of this, the first‐row transition metal catalysts find extensive applications in various synthetic transformations such as catalytic hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and related reactions. Herein, we have disclosed our recent developments on the base‐metal catalysis such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni for the acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions and its application in the C−C and C−N bond formation via hydrogen auto‐transfer (HA) and acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling (ADC) reactions. These HA/ADC protocols employ alcohol as alkylating agents and eliminate water and/or hydrogen gas as by‐products, representing highly atom‐efficient and environmentally benign reactions. Furthermore, diverse simple to complex organic molecules synthesis by C−C and C−N bond formation using feedstock alcohols are also overviewed. Overall, this account deals with the contribution and development of efficient and novel homogeneous as well as heterogeneous base‐metal catalysts for sustainable chemical synthesis.
An analysis of companion animal tick encounters as revealed by photograph‐based crowdsourced data
Authors: Kopsco Heather L. , Duhaime Roland J. , Mather Thomas N.
Published: August 2021

Background

Community science is increasingly utilized to track important vectors of companion animal disease, providing a scalable, cost‐effective strategy for identifying new foci, changing phenology, and disease prevalence across wide geographies.

Objectives

We examined photographs of ticks found attached to predominately dogs and cats reported to a photograph‐based tick surveillance program to identify potential areas for improvements in tick prevention education and risk intervention.

Methods

We compared estimated days of tick attachment using a Kruskal–Wallis one‐way analysis of variance, and a Pearson's chi‐square analysis of variance on the number of submissions by host type submitted for each season.

Results

The blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) was the most common species reported (39.8%). Tick photographs submitted were almost entirely adults (89.5%), and ticks found on companion animals exhibited an estimated median engorgement time of 2.5 days.Ixodes scapularisdisplayed the highest median engorgement of the top tick species found feeding on companion animals (χ2 = 98.96,p < 0.001). Ticks were spotted year‐round; during spring and summer, ticks collected from pets represented 15.4 and 12.8% of all submissions, but increased to 28.5 and 35.2% during autumn and winter, respectively.

Conclusions

Crowdsourced data reveal that mostly adult ticks are detected on pets, and they are found at a point in the blood‐feeding process that puts pets at heightened risk for disease transmission. The increase in proportion of ticks found on pets during colder months may reveal a critical knowledge gap amongst pet owners regarding seasonal activity ofI. scapularis, a vector of Lyme disease, providing an opportunity for prevention‐education.
Dendrimers for cancer immunotherapy: Avidity‐based drug delivery vehicles for effective anti‐tumor immune response
Authors: Rawding Piper A. , Bu Jiyoon , Wang Jianxin , Kim Da Won , Drelich Adam J. , Kim Youngsoo , Hong Seungpyo
Published: August 2021

Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of a patient's own immune system to treat cancer, has shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. Despite meaningful responses being observed in multiple studies, currently available immunotherapy platforms have only proven effective to a small subset of patients. To address this, nanoparticles have been utilized as a novel carrier for immunotherapeutic drugs, achieving robust anti‐tumor effects with increased adaptive and durable responses. Specifically, dendrimer nanoparticles have attracted a great deal of scientific interest due to their versatility in various therapeutic applications, resulting from their unique physicochemical properties and chemically well‐defined architecture. This review offers a comprehensive overview of dendrimer‐based immunotherapy technologies, including their formulations, biological functionalities, and therapeutic applications. Common formulations include: (1) modulators of cytokine secretion of immune cells (adjuvants); (2) facilitators of the recognition of tumorous antigens (vaccines); (3) stimulators of immune effectors to selectively attack cells expressing specific antigens (antibodies); and (4) inhibitors of immune‐suppressive responses (immune checkpoint inhibitors). On‐going works and prospects of dendrimer‐based immunotherapies are also discussed. Overall, this review provides a critical overview on rapidly growing dendrimer‐based immunotherapy technologies and serves as a guideline for researchers and clinicians who are interested in this field.

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
Graphene oxide modified H4L‐ion imprinting electrochemical sensor for the detection of uranyl ions
Authors: Li Yujie , Wang Zhimei , Liu Chen , Zhang Di , Liao Lifu , Xiao Xilin
Published: August 2021

The rapid development of the nuclear industry has gradually aroused people′s attention to the problem of nuclear pollution. Due to the biological toxicity of uranium and its aqueous solution, simple and rapid detection of uranium in the water environment is quite important. An ion imprinted carbon nanomaterial (graphene oxide) electrochemical sensor for the detection of trace uranyl ions was prepared by using the synthesized bipolar tetradentate macrocyclic uranyl ligand cyclo‐bis‐phenylenediamine‐bis‐(phenylmethyl‐diphyrrolecarbaldehyde) (H4L) as functional monomer. The sol‐gel polymer was prepared by hydrolysis and polymerization of H4L ligand, 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane. H4L‐ion imprinted polymer (U‐IIP) was prepared by adding 1 mM uranyl ion as template ions. Then the polymer was bonded to graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrode, and the template ions were eluted to obtain H4L‐ion imprinted‐graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrode (U‐IIP/GO/CPE). Differential pulse voltammetry was used to detect trace uranyl ions. The results showed that the U‐IIP/GO/CPE sensor system can detect uranyl ions with high sensitivity and specificity, and the peak current appeared around −0.26v. In the range of 0.01 μM∼3.0 μM, the detection current had a good linear relationship with the molar concentration of uranyl ions, and the method detection limit was 1.32 nM (S/N=3). Through the detection of actual samples, it had a good acceptable recovery rate (95.45 %∼106.25 %), and the relative standard deviation was less than 3.25 %.
Breaking the Gender Gap in Rap/Hip-Hop Consumption
Authors: Palma-Martos María Luisa , Cuadrado-García Manuel , Montoro-Pons Juan D.
Published: August 2021

Some music genres have traditionally and mainly been consumed by men. This is the case of rap/hip-hop. However, data on the consumption of this genre in recent years shows a relevant increase in the number of women interested in this type of music. It would therefore seem to be pertinent to analyse this new trend, not only as a question linked to gender studies but also to marketing decision-making for the music industry, which is struggling to attract new audiences, a factor compounded in the pandemic. To frame this analysis, literature on music consumption, specifically in relation to gender and rap as an alternative music genre, has been reviewed from different approaches. An exploratory survey was conducted to obtain an insight into rap/hip-hop consumption and appreciation by gender. Results show that rap concert attendees’ satisfaction and interest in this kind of music are high, irrespective of gender. Only knowledge, which has not been as extensively studied, seems to be different between men and women, with this factor being slightly higher for the former. In addition, the identification of three clusters (involved, apathetic and hedonists), including both women and men, leads us to suggest that the gender gap in rap/hip-hop consumption is closing.
Music for the Moors and Christians Festivities as Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Specific Genre for Wind Bands in Certain Spanish Regions
Authors: Catalá-Pérez Daniel , Ponce-Herrero Gabino
Published: August 2021

This chapter makes a brief approach to the origins and evolution of both wind bands and the Moors and Christians festivals, especially in the Valencian Region, tracing the lines that connected both phenomena at a specific moment in history. The indissoluble relationship that has united them since then has created a musical genre that has not only become one of the most recognisable signs of Valencian society’s identity, but also a treasure of its intangible cultural heritage, and a fundamental part of the economic activity of musical societies in the context of what certain authors call “the ecosystem of the Moors and Christians cluster”. Moors and Christians festivals are linked to the hiring of bands for musical accompaniment in parades and for the celebration of other activities, such as concerts, recreational performances and recordings which make up an essential part of many musical societies’ funding sources.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Musical Societies in the Valencian Region, Spain
Authors: Carabal-Montagud María Ángeles , Escorihuela-Carbonell Guillem , Santamarina-Campos Virginia , Pérez-Catalá Javier
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on musical societies in the Valencian Region, which were declared as an Asset of Intangible Cultural Interest in 2018. These cultural societies, which include over 1,100 bands, have had to make changes to adapt to the global pandemic. They are made up of symphonic bands, music schools, choirs, orchestras and other musical groups. Their social structure involves a large part of the Valencian Region’s population which, to some extent, becomes part of the creative process and transfer of musical languages, such as cultural transmission and historical content. This teaching model includes a variety of strategies, such as generating community ties that go beyond the social dimension. Moreover, the process of transformation, adaptation and resilience followed by these musical societies in order to maintain their training routines and other tasks will be analysed through an ethnographic study. This aims to focus on the extent of the economic, social and pedagogical impact of COVID-19 on these organisations.
Enhancement of the double Higgs production via leptoquarks at the LHC
Authors: Da Rold Leandro , Epele Manuel , Medina Anibal , Mileo Nicolás I. , Szynkman Alejandro
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Measurements of single Higgs production and its decays are in good agreement with the Standard Model. There is still room for large modifications in double Higgs production at LHC, though these effects may be correlated with large corrections to other observables, in particular single Higgs production. In this work we address the issue of enhancing double Higgs production in the presence of scalar leptoquarks while satisfying all experimental constraints. We show at leading order that including more than one species of leptoquarks, large cubic interactions with the Higgs can lead to sizable enhancement of di-Higgs production cross section at LHC, while at the same time keeping other Higgs observables and precision measurements under control. For masses above 800 GeV these corrections are in general below 30%, whereas in a viable scenario in which one of the leptoquarks can be light, specifically in the mass range 400 − 600 GeV, we show that it is possible to roughly double the SM cross section for di-Higgs production, implying that possible first hints of it may be probed at the high luminosity LHC at $$ \mathcal{L} $$
L
∼ 2 ab−1.
Effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin on plasma biomarkers TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and KIM-1 in the CANVAS trial
Authors: Sen Taha , Li Jingwei , Neuen Brendon L. , Neal Bruce , Arnott Clare , Parikh Chirag R. , Coca Steven G. , Perkovic Vlado , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Yavin Yshai , Rosenthal Norman , Hansen Michael K. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L.
Published: August 2021

Aims/hypothesis

Higher plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1, TNFR-2 and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) have been found to be associated with higher risk of kidney failure in individuals with type 2 diabetes in previous studies. Whether drugs can reduce these biomarkers is not well established. We measured these biomarkers in samples of the CANVAS study and examined the effect of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin on these biomarkers and assessed whether the early change in these biomarkers predict cardiovascular and kidney outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS).

Methods

Biomarkers were measured with immunoassays (proprietary multiplex assay performed by RenalytixAI, New York, NY, USA) at baseline and years 1, 3 and 6. Mixed-effects models for repeated measures assessed the effect of canagliflozin vs placebo on the biomarkers. Associations of baseline levels and the early change (baseline to year 1) for each biomarker with the kidney outcome were assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox regression.

Results

In total, 3523/4330 (81.4%) of the CANVAS participants had available samples at baseline. Each doubling in baseline TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and KIM-1 was associated with a higher risk of kidney outcomes, with corresponding HRs of 3.7 (95% CI 2.3, 6.1; p < 0.01), 2.7 (95% CI 2.0, 3.6; p < 0.01) and 1.5 (95% CI 1.2, 1.8; p < 0.01), respectively. Canagliflozin reduced the level of the plasma biomarkers with differences in TNFR-1, TNFR-2 and KIM-1 between canagliflozin and placebo during follow-up of 2.8% (95% CI 3.4%, 1.3%; p < 0.01), 1.9% (95% CI 3.5%, 0.2%; p = 0.03) and 26.7% (95% CI 30.7%, 22.7%; p < 0.01), respectively. Within the canagliflozin treatment group, each 10% reduction in TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 at year 1 was associated with a lower risk of the kidney outcome (HR 0.8 [95% CI 0.7, 1.0; p = 0.02] and 0.9 [95% CI 0.9, 1.0; p < 0.01] respectively), independent of other patient characteristics. The baseline and 1 year change in biomarkers did not associate with cardiovascular or heart failure outcomes.

Conclusions/interpretation

Canagliflozin decreased KIM-1 and modestly reduced TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 compared with placebo in individuals with type 2 diabetes in CANVAS. Early decreases in TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 during canagliflozin treatment were independently associated with a lower risk of kidney disease progression, suggesting that TNFR-1 and TNFR-2 have the potential to be pharmacodynamic markers of response to canagliflozin.

Graphical abstract
Did OPEC change its behaviour after the November 2014 meeting?
Authors: Boug Pål , Cappelen Ådne
Published: August 2021

We analyse the behaviour of OPEC as a group by formulating a theoretical model that encompasses the perfect competition model and various forms of the imperfect competition model. By confronting the theoretical model with quarterly data for the period from 1992 to 2013 within the context of a cointegrated vector autoregressive (CVAR) model, we find support for the imperfect competition hypothesis regarding the output decisions of OPEC. We also find that a dynamic equilibrium correction model with imperfect competition is stable in-sample. However, a forecasting exercise for the period from 2014 to 2018 reveals that the model breaks down following the November 2014 meeting at which OPEC decided to keep its supply unchanged despite the huge oil price drop in advance. The model systematically underpredicts OPEC production over the forecast period and by as much as 2.5 million barrels per day at the end of 2016. During 2018, however, the model forecasts OPEC production quite well. Our findings suggest that the behaviour of OPEC did indeed change significantly after the November 2014 meeting.
Social capital in cooperatives: an evolutionary Luhmannian perspective
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav , Iliopoulos Constantine
Published: August 2021

In a recent contribution to this journal, Deng et al. (2021) draw on an extensive range of theoretical and empirical literature to make the case for the tendency of social capital resources of agricultural cooperatives in the Western world to decline over time. The present paper revisits this argument by drawing on a Luhmannian systems-theoretic perspective that takes the capitalist economic system to be limitedly sensitive and receptive to a broad variety of human needs. Whereas many of these needs remain marginalized and neglected, some of them may be codified or translated into a profit-making calculus. Cooperatives are shown to present one of the channels through which this codification may be possible; namely, the codification effect of cooperatives enables the incorporation of a multitude of mutual self-help activities into the economic system. This incorporation gives rise to intrasystemic adjustment processes that can be considered complete when the mutual self-help activities introduced by cooperatives no longer require the cooperative form and are integrated into the activities of investor-owned firms. If this view is accepted, then declining social capital may be an indicator of the successful codification process, which helps to make the economic system less exclusionary and more sensitive to human needs.
Social relationships, living arrangements and loneliness
Authors: Schmitz W. , Mauritz S. , Wagner M.
Published: August 2021

Background

Oldest-old people are expected to be particularly likely to experience loneliness due to the loss of their intimate partner or of same-aged social network members. It is assumed that individuals in different living arrangements maintain different kinds of social networks because they adjust their networks to their specific needs. However, not much is known about the variation in the social networks of the oldest-old depending on their living arrangements and how this variation is related to loneliness. This is the first study that seeks to fill this research gap by examining how the composition and the size of a social network varies among the oldest-old depending on their living arrangements with a partner (coresidential partnership, living apart together (LAT) partnership, no partnership), and how this variation contributes to explain loneliness among the oldest-old.

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from the representative survey NRW80+ (Quality of Life and Well-Being of the Very Old in North-Rhine Westphalia). The sample of analysis used in this study consists of 1860 respondents from the German state of North-Rhine Westphalia aged 80 years and older. Associations between social network characteristics and living arrangements were tested using χ2-tests and one-way ANOVA. Ordered logit models were used to explain loneliness.

Results

Respondents in a coresidential partnership maintained larger social networks than those in an LAT partnership and those with no intimate partner. Furthermore, the respondents with no partner maintained more diverse social networks. Compared to those in the other living arrangements, the respondents in an LAT partnership maintained the smallest and least diverse social networks. Being in a coresidential partnership and the social network size were found to be negatively associated with loneliness.

Conclusion

First, the results indicate that respondents who do not have a partner adjusted their social networks to meet their needs in the absence of this relationship. Second, we conclude that being in a coresidential partnership and having a large social network protects the oldest-old against loneliness.
Relationship among total tear IgE, specific serum IgE, and total serum IgE levels in patients with pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Yamana Yasuo , Yamana Satoshi , Uchio Eiichi
Published: August 2021

Background

Recently, the number of patients with pollinosis, particularly Japanese cedar pollinosis, has markedly increased. We previously reported about local allergic conjunctivitis, which is a phenotype of allergic conjunctivitis (AC). AC cases are often sensitized by various antigens. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among total tear IgE (t-tIgE), specific serum IgE (s-sIgE), and total serum IgE (t-sIgE) levels in patients with pollen-induced AC.

Methods

In 2019, 1372 patients were clinically diagnosed with AC at the Yamana Eye Clinic using t-tIgE, t-sIgE, and s-sIgE tests against 39 allergens. Among the pollen-induced AC patients who underwent allergen testing, 99 tested positives for s-sIgE against pollen. The subjects comprised 33 (33.3%) male and 66 (66.7%) female individuals aged 9–86 years.

Results

The t-tIgE test was positive in 68 (68.7%) patients and negative in 31 (31.3%) patients. In the t-sIgE test, 45 (45.5%) patients had t-sIgE levels above the reference value of 170 IU/mL. The higher the total score of the positive class value of each pollen-specific IgE (pollen-sIgE) antibody, the higher the positive rate of t-tIgE (p < 0.001). Of 32 patients in whom food-specific IgE (food-sIgE) was detected, 81.3% of the pollen-sIgE-positive and food-sIgE-positive cases were also positive for t-sIgE and t-tIgE. However, significant difference was not found between the total score of food-sIgE of the t-tIgE positive group and negative group.

Conclusions

Pollen-induced AC is caused by pollen sensitization of the conjunctiva. Food-induced AC might be induced by the different pathological mechanism involved in pollen-induced AC.
Comparison of four commercial, automated antigen tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern
Authors: Osterman Andreas , Iglhaut Maximilian , Lehner Andreas , Späth Patricia , Stern Marcel , Autenrieth Hanna , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Graf Alexander , Krebs Stefan , Blum Helmut , Baiker Armin , Grzimek-Koschewa Natascha , Protzer Ulrike , Kaderali Lars , Baldauf Hanna-Mari , Keppler Oliver T.
Published: August 2021

A versatile portfolio of diagnostic tests is essential for the containment of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Besides nucleic acid-based test systems and point-of-care (POCT) antigen (Ag) tests, quantitative, laboratory-based nucleocapsid Ag tests for SARS-CoV-2 have recently been launched. Here, we evaluated four commercial Ag tests on automated platforms and one POCT to detect SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated PCR-positive (n = 107) and PCR-negative (n = 303) respiratory swabs from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients at the end of the second pandemic wave in Germany (February–March 2021) as well as clinical isolates EU1 (B.1.117), variant of concern (VOC) Alpha (B.1.1.7) or Beta (B.1.351), which had been expanded in a biosafety level 3 laboratory. The specificities of automated SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests ranged between 97.0 and 99.7% (Lumipulse G SARS-CoV-2 Ag (Fujirebio): 97.03%, Elecsys SARS-CoV-2 Ag (Roche Diagnostics): 97.69%; LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 Ag (Diasorin) and SARS-CoV-2 Ag ELISA (Euroimmun): 99.67%). In this study cohort of hospitalized patients, the clinical sensitivities of tests were low, ranging from 17.76 to 52.34%, and analytical sensitivities ranged from 420,000 to 25,000,000 Geq/ml. In comparison, the detection limit of the Roche Rapid Ag Test (RAT) was 9,300,000 Geq/ml, detecting 23.58% of respiratory samples. Receiver-operating-characteristics (ROCs) and Youden’s index analyses were performed to further characterize the assays’ overall performance and determine optimal assay cutoffs for sensitivity and specificity. VOCs carrying up to four amino acid mutations in nucleocapsid were detected by all five assays with characteristics comparable to non-VOCs. In summary, automated, quantitative SARS-CoV-2 Ag tests show variable performance and are not necessarily superior to a standard POCT. The efficacy of any alternative testing strategies to complement nucleic acid-based assays must be carefully evaluated by independent laboratories prior to widespread implementation.
Prognostic impact of nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores in follicular lymphoma in the era of anti-CD20 targeted treatment strategies
Authors: Gebauer Niklas , Mengler Britta , Kopelke Svenja , Frydrychowicz Alex , Fürschke Alexander , Hackenbroch Carsten , Bauer Arthur , Riecke Armin , von Bubnoff Nikolaus , Fetscher Sebastian , Witte Hanno M.
Published: August 2021

Background

The composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is conditioned by immunity and the inflammatory response. Nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores have emerged as relevant predictors of survival outcome across a variety of hematological malignancies.

Methods

In this retrospective multicenter trial, we ascertained the prognostic impact of established nutritional and inflammation-based risk scores [Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), C-reactive–protein/albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), and prognostic index (PI)] in 209 eligible patients with histologically confirmed CD20+ follicular lymphoma (FL) of WHO grade 1 (37.3%), 1–2 (16.3%), 2 (26.8%) or 3A (19.8%) admitted to the participating centers between January 2000 and December 2019. Characteristics significantly associated with overall or progression-free survival (OS, PFS) upon univariate analysis were subsequently included in a Cox proportional hazard model.

Results

In the study cohort, the median age was 63 (range 22–90 years). The median follow-up period covered 99 months. The GPS and the CAR were identified to predict survival in FL patients. The GPS was the only independent predictor of OS (p < 0.0001; HR 2.773; 95% CI 1.630–4.719) and PFS (p = 0.001; HR 1.995; 95% CI 1.352–2.944) upon multivariate analysis. Additionally, there was frequent occurrence of progression of disease within 24 months (POD24) in FL patients with a calculated GPS of 2.

Conclusion

The current results indicate that the GPS predicts especially OS in FL patients. Moreover, GPS was found to display disease-specific effects in regard to FL progression. These findings and potential combinations with additional established prognosticators should be further validated within prospective clinical trials.
UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry of folic acid
Authors: Olmo F. , Rodriguez A. , Colina A. , Heras A.
Published: August 2021

UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry is a very promising analytical technique due to the complementary information that is simultaneously obtained from electrochemistry and spectroscopy. In this work, this technique is used in a parallel configuration to study the oxidation of folic acid in alkaline medium. Herein, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry has been used to detect both the oxidation products and the folic acid consumed at the electrode/solution interface, allowing us to develop an analytical protocol to quantify vitamin B9 in pharmaceutical tablets. Linear ranges of three orders of magnitude have been achieved in basic medium (pH = 12.9), obtaining high repeatability and low detection limits. The spectroelectrochemical determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical tablets at alkaline pH values is particularly interesting because of the changes that occur in the optical signal during the electrochemical oxidation of FA, providing results with very good figures of merit and demonstrating the utility and versatility of this hyphenated technique, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry.
A card game for designing activities for technology-enhanced learning in higher education
Authors: Mavroudi Anna , Almeida Teresa , Frennert Susanne , Laaksolahti Jarmo , Viberg Olga
Published: August 2021

The importance of providing mechanisms and tools that effectively support the transition from implicit to explicit representations of Learning Design has been emphasised by previous research in the field of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL). In addition, the benefits of Game-based learning approaches have been long documented in the educational research literature. The paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a card game that aims to support the design process of TEL activities in higher education. The game was tested by a group of 36 students and tutors (n = 36) in higher education during an interactive workshop. Feedback was asked by the participants using an anonymous survey. The results reveal that the participants a) are satisfied with the game process, b) appreciate the groupwork and interaction taking place, and c) believe that they used their communication and collaboration skills. The paper includes the description of the outputs of a group (i.e., the cards selected for their TEL scenario and their actual TEL scenario) to exemplify that it is possible to use the game in order to elicit or diagnose existing LD knowledge from the game participants. The paper concludes on the usefulness of the approach suggested, limitations, and plans for future work.
Exploration of marine natural resources in Indonesia and development of efficient strategies for the production of microbial halogenated metabolites
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroyuki
Published: August 2021

Nature is a prolific source of organic products with diverse scaffolds and biological activities. The process of natural product discovery has gradually become more challenging, and advances in novel strategic approaches are essential to evolve natural product chemistry. Our focus has been on surveying untouched marine resources and fermentation to enhance microbial productive performance. The first topic is the screening of marine natural products isolated from Indonesian marine organisms for new types of bioactive compounds, such as antineoplastics, antimycobacterium substances, and inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, sterol O-acyl-transferase, and bone morphogenetic protein-induced osteoblastic differentiation. The unique biological properties of marine organohalides are discussed herein and attempts to efficiently produce fungal halogenated metabolites are documented. This review presents an overview of our recent work accomplishments based on the MONOTORI study.

Graphic abstract
Intrusion errors moderate the relationship between blood glucose and regional cerebral blood flow in cognitively unimpaired older adults
Authors: Thomas Kelsey R. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Cota Isabel H. , Edmonds Emily C. , Wierenga Christina E. , Bondi Mark W. , Bangen Katherine J. ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2021

Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) has a complex relationship with cognitive functioning such that cognitively unimpaired individuals at risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may show regional hyperperfusion, while those with cognitive impairment typically show hypoperfusion. Diabetes and word-list intrusion errors are both linked to greater risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Our study examined associations between fasting blood glucose, word-list intrusion errors, and regional CBF. 113 cognitively unimpaired older adults had arterial spin labeling MRI to measure CBF in a priori AD vulnerable regions: medial temporal lobe (MTL), inferior parietal lobe (IPL), precuneus, medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), and pericalcarine (control region). Hierarchical linear regressions, adjusting for demographics, vascular risk, and reference CBF region, examined the main effect of blood glucose on regional CBF as well as whether intrusions moderated this relationship. Higher glucose was associated with higher CBF in the precuneus (β = .134, 95% CI = .007 to .261,p = .039), IPL (β = .173, 95% CI = .072 to .276,p = .001), and mOFC (β = .182, 95% CI = .047 to .320,p = .009). There was no main effect of intrusions on CBF across regions. However, the glucose x intrusions interaction was significant such that having higher glucose levels and more intrusion errors was associated with reduced CBF in the MTL (β = -.186, 95% CI = -.334 to -.040,p = .013) and precuneus (β = -.146, 95% CI = -.273 to -.022,p = .022). These findings may reflect early neurovascular dysregulation, whereby higher CBF is needed to maintain unimpaired cognition in individuals with higher glucose levels. However, lower regional CBF in unimpaired participants with both higher glucoseandmore intrusions suggests a failure in this early compensatory mechanism that may signal a decrease in neural activity in AD vulnerable regions.
Topology Optimization Methods for 3D Structural Problems: A Comparative Study
Authors: Yago Daniel , Cante Juan , Lloberas-Valls Oriol , Oliver Javier
Published: August 2021

The work provides an exhaustive comparison of some representative families of topology optimization methods for 3D structural optimization, such as the Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP), the Level-set, the Bidirectional Evolutionary Structural Optimization (BESO), and the Variational Topology Optimization (VARTOP) methods. The main differences and similarities of these approaches are then highlighted from an algorithmic standpoint. The comparison is carried out via the study of a set of numerical benchmark cases using industrial-like fine-discretization meshes (around 1 million finite elements), and Matlab as the common computational platform, to ensure fair comparisons. Then, the results obtained for every benchmark case with the different methods are compared in terms of computational cost, topology quality, achieved minimum value of the objective function, and robustness of the computations (convergence in objective function and topology). Finally, some quantitative and qualitative results are presented, from which, an attempt of qualification of the methods, in terms of their relative performance, is done.
Deutungen von Bildung frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte
Authors: Kaul Ina
Published: August 2021

Kindertageseinrichtungen gelten als Bildungsinstitutionen und leisten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Gestaltung des Aufwachsens von Kindern in Deutschland. Dabei spielen die frühpädagogischen Fachkräfte als Gestalter_innen und Ermöglicher_innen von Bildungsprozessen für Kinder eine entscheidende Rolle. Der Beitrag nimmt ihre Vorstellungen von Bildung und worauf sich diese gründen in den Blick.
Sozialpädagogische Qualifizierungen weiterdenken
Authors: Göddertz Nina
Published: August 2021

Viele Wege führen in die sozialpädagogische Praxis, doch nach wie vor stellt sich die Frage, wie sozialpädagogisches Handeln gelernt und gelehrt werden kann. Unter Bezugnahme auf kritisch bildungstheoretisch-fundierte Ansätze plädiert der Beitrag für eine Weiterentwicklung einer kritischen Didaktik der beruflichen Fachrichtung Sozialpädagogik.
Backbone and nearly complete side-chain chemical shift assignments reveal the human uncharacterized protein CXorf51A as intrinsically disordered
Authors: Wiedemann Christoph , Obika Kingsley Benjamin , Liebscher Sandra , Jirschitzka Jan , Ohlenschlãger Oliver , Bordusa Frank
Published: August 2021

Even though the human genome project showed that our DNA contains a mere 20,000 to 25,000 protein coding genes, an unexpectedly large number of these proteins remain functionally uncharacterized. A structural characterization of these “unknown” proteins may help to identify possible cellular tasks. We therefore used a combination of bioinformatics and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to structurally de-orphanize one of these gene products, the 108 amino acid human uncharacterized protein CXorf51A. Both our bioinformatics analysis as well as the $$^1$$

1

H, $$^{13}$$

13

C, $$^{15}$$

15

N backbone and near-complete side-chain chemical shift assignments indicate that it is an intrinsically disordered protein.
Exploring loneliness and students’ sense of coherence (S-SoC) in the university setting
Authors: Limarutti Andrea , Maier Marco Johannes , Mir Eva
Published: August 2021

Background. Loneliness is a prevalent global public health issue, and this topic is also common among university students. From a health-related, resource-oriented approach like the salutogenic model, loneliness can be interpreted as a potential stressor. To cope effectively with this stressor, a strong Sense of Coherence is needed to mobilize resources like social support. Interventions to promote health and wellbeing within a university setting should include a salutogenic focus. However, currently, research regarding salutogenesis within the higher education setting is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to make the first attempt to explore the relation between loneliness and the Students' Sense of Coherence (S-SoC) among university students. Methods. An online questionnaire was sent out to all university students from the Carinthia University of Applied Sciences (CUAS), Austria. The online questionnaire was completed by 584 students (response rate of 28.86 %); 67.3% were female, and the average age was 25.16 years ( SD = 6.27 years). Full-time students made up 75.6% of the sample, and 84.6% were in a Bachelor's degree program. The S-SoC and the sub-scales comprehensibility, meaningfulness and manageability were measured by using the valid S-SoC scale (Brunner et al., 2009). Social and emotional loneliness was measured by using the six-item De Jong Gierveld loneliness scale (Jong Gierveld & van Tilburg, 2006). Spearman correlations and Kruskal-Wallis H-tests were computed among all loneliness and S-SoC sub-scales and other variables (e.g., age, sex...). Furthermore, a graphical model was used to show structural relationships between loneliness and S-SoC and control variables. Results. The results showed that students feeling moderate or severe general loneliness had lower S-SoC scores than students feeling low or not general lonely. Manageability was a pivotal point in this model, as it was inversely proportional to both measures of loneliness. Perceived social loneliness was reported most by men and part-time students. Conclusion. In order to fulfill study-related demands, students activate appropriate resources (e.g., social support), which corresponds to low social and emotional loneliness. However, in the development of health promoting interventions against loneliness among students, it would be necessary to consider sex and mode of study and to address health needs and problems with a salutogenic focus.
The Evolution of Life Satisfaction Throughout Childhood and Adolescence: Differences in Young People’s Evaluations According to Age and Gender
Authors: Aymerich Maria , Cladellas Ramon , Castelló Antoni , Casas Ferran , Cunill Mònica
Published: August 2021

The level of life satisfaction perceived during childhood and adolescence is an excellent indicator of healthy psychological emotional development. The main aim of this work is to study the levels of life satisfaction perceived by young people throughout their childhood and adolescence. To this end, an innovative retrospective approach is adopted that shows how the evolution of life satisfaction is perceived at different ages according to gender. The present study is based on a sample of 600 Spanish adolescents (58.1% girls; mean age = 16.64) who report the evolution of their life satisfaction from 6 years to 18, through the Life Satisfaction Chart (LSCh). The Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS) is also administered to record levels of anxiety and depression. The results indicate no gender differences in terms of life satisfaction during childhood. Levels of life satisfaction are significantly higher in childhood than in pre-adolescence and adolescence and a significant decrease in levels appearing towards the age of 11. As for gender, significant differences in life satisfaction appear from the age of 12, with girls being significantly more dissatisfied, more depressed and more anxious than boys. Current levels of anxiety and depression do not appear to interfere with retrospectively reported levels of life satisfaction throughout the developmental years studied, except among the female population, where minimal interference is detected. Life satisfaction retrospectively reported by young people shows a significant decrease after the age of 11 years, with greater emotional and psychological vulnerability after this age, mainly and notably among girls. The present results highlight the importance of psychological/affective care in the pre-adolescent and adolescent stages, especially among the female population.
Salvia celendina (Lamiaceae), a new species from Peru
Authors: Wood John R. I. , Uría Rolando
Published: August 2021

A new species of Salvia (S. celendina J.R.I.Wood & Uría) is described from the Marañón valley hotspot in northern Peru. The new species is illustrated with photographs and its distribution is mapped. Notes on its cultivation and distinctive characteristics are provided.
Vielfalt im Sportunterricht
Authors: Mihajlovic Christopher
Published: August 2021

Der Inklusionsdiskurs bestimmt derzeit nicht nur in Deutschland, sondern auch in vielen anderen Ländern die schulische und fachdidaktische Diskussion. Die internationalen Ansätze im Kontext des inklusiven Sportunterrichts wurden bisher allerdings nur ansatzweise im deutschsprachigen Raum erschlossen. Dieser Beitrag nimmt an dieser Forschungslücke anknüpfend das finnische Schulsystem in den Blick und analysiert, welche Rolle das Thema Diversität im aktuell gültigen Kerncurriculum für das Fach Sport spielt. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den Diversitätsdimensionen „Gender“, „Interkulturalität“ und „sonderpädagogischer Förderbedarf“. Die Einnahme der finnischen Perspektive erscheint insofern lohnend, da Finnland bereits über einen reichhaltigen Erfahrungsschatz in der inklusiven Beschulung verfügt und die Analyse der curricularen Vorgaben den soziokulturellen Kontext sowie die spezifischen pädagogischen und fachdidaktischen Traditionen für den deutschsprachigen sportpädagogischen Diskurs erschließen können. Die Analyse zeigt auf, dass die Wertschätzung von Diversität auch für den Schulsport eingefordert wird, allerdings bleibt an vielen Stellen offen, wie der konkrete Umgang mit den untersuchten Diversitätsdimensionen auf der Unterrichtsebene erfolgen kann. Der Beitrag plädiert für die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschungsvorhaben, die eine internationale Perspektive auf den Inklusionsdiskurs legen und länderspezifische Rahmenbedingungen vermehrt berücksichtigen.
Recent advances in porous microneedles: materials, fabrication, and transdermal applications
Authors: Bao Leilei , Park Jongho , Bonfante Gwenaël , Kim Beomjoon
Published: August 2021

In the past two decades, microneedles (MNs), as a painless and simple drug delivery system, have received increasing attention for various biomedical applications such as transdermal drug delivery, interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction, and biosensing. Among the various types of MNs, porous MNs have been recently researched owing to their distinctive and unique characteristics, where porous structures inside MNs with continuous nano- or micro-sized pores can transport drugs or biofluids by capillary action. In addition, a wide range of materials, including non-polymers and polymers, were researched and used to form the porous structures of porous MNs. Adjustable porosity by different fabrication methods enables the achievement of sufficient mechanical strength by optimising fluid flows inside MNs. Moreover, biocompatible porous MNs integrated with biosensors can offer portable detection and rapid measurement of biomarkers in a minimally invasive manner. This review focuses on several aspects of current porous MN technology, including material selection, fabrication processes, biomedical applications, primarily covering transdermal drug delivery, ISF extraction, and biosensing, along with future prospects as well as challenges.

Graphical abstract
Agrivoltaic system impacts on microclimate and yield of different crops within an organic crop rotation in a temperate climate
Authors: Weselek Axel , Bauerle Andrea , Hartung Jens , Zikeli Sabine , Lewandowski Iris , Högy Petra
Published: August 2021

Agrivoltaic (AV) systems integrate the production of agricultural crops and electric power on the same land area through the installation of solar panels several meters above the soil surface. It has been demonstrated that AV can increase land productivity and contribute to the expansion of renewable energy production. Its utilization is expected to affect crop production by altering microclimatic conditions but has so far hardly been investigated. The present study aimed to determine for the first time how changes in microclimatic conditions through AV affect selected agricultural crops within an organic crop rotation. For this purpose, an AV research plant was installed near Lake Constance in south-west Germany in 2016. A field experiment was established with four crops (celeriac, winter wheat, potato and grass-clover) cultivated both underneath the AV system and on an adjacent reference site without solar panels. Microclimatic parameters, crop development and harvestable yields were monitored in 2017 and 2018. Overall, an alteration in microclimatic conditions and crop production under AV was confirmed. Photosynthetic active radiation was on average reduced by about 30% under AV. During summertime, soil temperature was decreased under AV in both years. Furthermore, reduced soil moisture and air temperatures as well as an altered rain distribution have been found under AV. In both years, plant height of all crops was increased under AV. In 2017 and 2018, yield ranges of the crops cultivated under AV compared to the reference site were −19 to +3% for winter wheat, −20 to +11% for potato and −8 to −5% for grass-clover. In the hot, dry summer 2018, crop yields of winter wheat and potato were increased by AV by 2.7% and 11%, respectively. These findings show that yield reductions under AV are likely, but under hot and dry weather conditions, growing conditions can become favorable.
Quasi-categories vs. Segal spaces: Cartesian edition
Authors: Rasekh Nima
Published: August 2021

We prove that four different ways of defining Cartesian fibrations and the Cartesian model structure are all Quillen equivalent:

On marked simplicial sets (due to Lurie [31]),

On bisimplicial spaces (due to deBrito [12]),

On bisimplicial sets,

On marked simplicial spaces.

The main way to prove these equivalences is by using the Quillen equivalences between quasi-categories and complete Segal spaces as defined by Joyal–Tierney and the straightening construction due to Lurie.