bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A decaying neutralino as dark matter and its gamma ray spectrum
Authors: Aboubrahim Amin , Ibrahim Tarek , Klasen Michael , Nath Pran
Published: August 2021

It is shown that a decaying neutralino in a supergravity unified framework is a viable candidate for dark matter. Such a situation arises in the presence of a hidden sector with ultraweak couplings to the visible sector where the neutralino can decay into the hidden sector’s lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP) with a lifetime larger than the lifetime of the universe. We present a concrete model where the MSSM/SUGRA is extended to include a hidden sector comprised of $$U(1)_{X_1} \times U(1)_{X_2}$$

U

(
1
)

X
1

×
U

(
1
)

X
2

gauge sector and the LSP of the hidden sector is a neutralino which is lighter than the LSP neutralino of the visible sector. We compute the loop suppressed radiative decay of the visible sector neutralino into the neutralino of the hidden sector and show that the decay can occur with a lifetime larger than the age of the universe. The decaying neutralino can be probed by indirect detection experiments, specifically by its signature decay into the hidden sector neutralino and an energetic gamma ray photon. Such a gamma ray can be searched for with improved sensitivity at Fermi-LAT and by future experiments such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). We present several benchmarks which have a natural suppression of the hadronic channels from dark matter annihilation and decays and consistent with measurements of the antiproton background.
OPTIMAL CLIMATE POLICY IN 3D: MITIGATION, CARBON REMOVAL, AND SOLAR GEOENGINEERING
Authors: BELAIA MARIIA , MORENO-CRUZ JUAN B. , KEITH DAVID W.
Published: August 2021

We introduce solar geoengineering (SG) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) into an integrated assessment model to analyze the trade-offs between mitigation, SG, and CDR. We propose a novel empirical parameterization of SG that disentangles its efficacy, calibrated with climate model results, from its direct impacts. We use a simple parameterization of CDR that decouples it from the scale of baseline emissions. We find that (a) SG optimally delays mitigation and lowers the use of CDR, which is distinct from moral hazard; (b) SG is deployed prior to CDR while CDR drives the phasing out of SG in the far future; (c) SG deployment in the short term is relatively independent of discounting and of the long-term trade-off between SG and CDR over time; (d) small amounts of SG sharply reduce the cost of meeting a [Formula: see text]C target and the costs of climate change, even with a conservative calibration for the efficacy of SG.
Palaeolatitudinal distribution of the Ediacaran macrobiota
Authors: Boddy Catherine E. , Mitchell Emily G. , Merdith Andrew , Liu Alexander G.
Published: August 2021

Macrofossils of the late Ediacaran Period (
c.
579–539 Ma) document diverse, complex multicellular eukaryotes, including early animals, prior to the Cambrian radiation of metazoan phyla. To investigate the relationships between environmental perturbations, biotic responses and early metazoan evolutionary trajectories, it is vital to distinguish between evolutionary and ecological controls on the global distribution of Ediacaran macrofossils. The contributions of temporal, palaeoenvironmental and lithological factors in shaping the observed variations in assemblage taxonomic composition between Ediacaran macrofossil sites are widely discussed, but the role of palaeogeography remains ambiguous. Here we investigate the influence of palaeolatitude on the spatial distribution of Ediacaran macrobiota through the late Ediacaran Period using two leading palaeogeographical reconstructions. We find that overall generic diversity was distributed across all palaeolatitudes. Among specific groups, the distributions of candidate ‘Bilateral’ and Frondomorph taxa exhibit weakly statistically significant and statistically significant differences between low and high palaeolatitudes within our favoured palaeogeographical reconstruction, respectively, whereas Algal, Tubular, Soft-bodied and Biomineralizing taxa show no significant difference. The recognition of statistically significant palaeolatitudinal differences in the distribution of certain morphogroups highlights the importance of considering palaeolatitudinal influences when interrogating trends in Ediacaran taxon distributions.

Supplementary material:
Supplementary information, data and code are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5488945

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Advances in the Cambrian Explosion collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/advances-cambrian-explosion
ReMember
Authors: Yi Changyoon , Bae Juhyun , Baek Nakkyu , Jung Jina , Hur Sunwoong , Lee Hyun Jean , Lee Seung Ah
Published: August 2021

ReMember is an interactive installation that provides bereaved pet owners with a sense of presence and connection to their deceased companion animals. Many pet owners suffer from bereavement and grief upon the loss of companion animals, and rituals and memorialization can help their grieving process. In this installation, the authors integrate audiovisual effects of the heartbeat recordings of companion animals and cremation stones made for pet memorialization. The audience's responses to ReMember show that interactivity and physiological signals augment the physical object of remembrance and elicit strong emotions. ReMember suggests that digitalized physiological signals and biological data can be a new form of the legacy of animal companionships and that the careful curation of digital, biological, and physical artifacts can support continuing bond expressions in pet loss.
Spinning the Conductors of an Indigenous Tradition
Authors: Montero Valentina , De Berduccy Sandra
Published: August 2021

Over the last decades, there has been an unusual global interest in vindicating the knowledge and practices of indigenous communities. In Latin America one can see this particularly in numerous demands regarding anti-colonial politics, history, anthropology, and aesthetics. Based on interviews and analyses of a selection of aruma-Sandra De Berduccy's artworks, this paper explores aesthetic, material, and conceptual aspects of her work, focusing on her use of the Andean loom as a highly complex technological and social compound. It further puts her art in dialogue with nature and media archaeological debates, suggesting that her work invites us to explore a different path for media art outside hegemonic scientific and technological paradigms.
The Human Creation and Use of Reactive Nitrogen: A Global and Regional Perspective
Authors: Galloway James N. , Bleeker Albert , Erisman Jan Willem
Published: August 2021

More food and energy allow for more people who then require more food and energy, and so it has gone for centuries. At the same time, economic progress leads to a different lifestyle with an increasing demand for energy and food, also accelerating food waste. Fueling this food-energy-population dynamic is an ever-increasing conversion of unreactive dinitrogen (N2) to reactive N (Nr), which then results in a cascade of positive (food and energy for people) and negative (damage to people, climate, biodiversity, and environment) impacts as Nr is distributed throughout Earth systems. The most important step in reducing the environmental impacts of Nr is limiting its human-based creation. In this article, therefore, we focus on this most important first step: the conversion of N2 to Nr by human activities. Specifically, we examine Nr creation and use (they are different!) on a global and regional basis and Nr use on a global and regional per capita basis. In addition, we introduce the metric Nr Use Index (NUI), which can be used to track and project Nr use relative to a fixed point in time. We then assess the progress in Nr management over the past 20 years. Our article presents a case study of the Netherlands to show what one country, beset by Nr-relatedproblems that have led to an N crisis, did to address those problems and what worked and what didn't work. The article concludes with an assessment of what the future might hold with respect to Nr creation and use, including a review of other projections. We expect that NUI will increase especially in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. The other parts of the world are consolidating or even decreasing NUI. In Latin America and Asia, there is limited agricultural land, and by increasing NUI for food the risk of Nr pollution is very high. The Netherlands has shown not only what effects can be expected with increasing NUI but also what successful policies can be introduced to limit environmental losses. Our assessment shows that Nr creation needs to be limited to prevent local to global environmental impacts.
Pushing Forward the Future Tense: Perspectives of a Scientist
Authors: Limbird Lee E.
Published: August 2021

This review is a somewhat chronological tale of my scientific life, emphasizing the why of the questions we asked in the lab and lessons learned that may be of value to nascent scientists. The reader will come to realize that the flow of my life has been driven by a combined life of the mind and life of the soul, intertwining like the strands of DNA.
Human Cooperation and the Crises of Climate Change, COVID-19, and Misinformation
Authors: Van Lange Paul A.M. , Rand David G.
Published: August 2021

Contemporary society is facing many social dilemmas—including climate change, COVID-19, and misinformation—characterized by a conflict between short-term self-interest and longer-term collective interest. The climate crisis requires paying costs today to reduce climate-related harms and risks that we face in the future. The COVID-19 crisis requires the less vulnerable to pay costs to benefit the more vulnerable in the face of great uncertainty. The misinformation crisis requires investing effort to assess truth and abstain from spreading attractive falsehoods. Addressing these crises requires an understanding of human cooperation. To that end, we present ( a) an overview of mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation, including mechanisms based on similarity and interaction; ( b) a discussion of how reputation can incentivize cooperation via conditional cooperation and signaling; and ( c) a review of social preferences that undergird the proximate psychology of cooperation, including positive regard for others, parochialism, and egalitarianism. We discuss the three focal crises facing our society through the lens of cooperation, emphasizing how cooperation research can inform our efforts to address them.
Electronic Structure of Bi-Activated Luminescent Compounds and Pure Bismuth Photocatalytic Compounds
Authors: Dorenbos Pieter
Published: August 2021

The trends in electronic structure of Bi3+ and Bi2+ as luminescent dopant in wide bandgap inorganic compounds and that of pure Bi-compounds for photocatalytic splitting of water are explored by determination of vacuum referred electron binding energies. Spectroscopic data combined with the chemical shift model from the luminescence field and data on flatband potentials in electrochemistry provide most of the needed data. Occasionally data from photoelectron spectroscopy is used. The trends in VRBE of Bi3+ and Bi2+ ground state and excited state levels resemble that of Ce3+ and Eu2+ lanthanides. To some extend a pure Bi-compound can be regarded as a 100% Bi3+ doped La-compound. This all will be demonstrated and an overview on Bi electronic structure is presented. Comparison of electronic structure for Bi as luminescent dopant in inorganic compounds with pure Bi-compounds entails also a comparison of two disciplines in electro-chemistry, that of luminescence materials and of photo-catalytic compounds.
Depletion of microglia mitigates cerebrovascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity mice
Authors: Shen Qing , Zhang Guo
Published: August 2021

We reported that microglia, the resident immune cells in the brain, contribute to obesity-related cerebrovascular dysfunction in mice. Moreover, we also showed that excessive IL-18 can lead to vascular dysfunction in mouse brain.
Myeloid-specific deletion of ferroportin impairs macrophage bioenergetics but is disconnected from systemic insulin action in adult mice
Authors: Winn Nathan C. , Wolf Elysa M. , Cottam Matthew A. , Bhanot Monica , Hasty Alyssa H.
Published: August 2021

We used myeloid-specific knockout of ferroportin to determine whether macrophage iron enrichment alters systemic metabolism. We found that macrophages in several tissues showed mitochondrial defects such as a reduction in mitochondrial reserve capacity. However, insulin action in the mice was preserved. These findings also suggest that Mɸs have a pronounced ability to withstand iron excess without evoking overt collateral damage and associated insulin resistance, which appears to be age dependent.
Caspase-3-dependent peritubular capillary dysfunction is pivotal for the transition from acute to chronic kidney disease after acute ischemia-reperfusion injury
Authors: Lan Shanshan , Yang Bing , Migneault Francis , Turgeon Julie , Bourgault Maude , Dieudé Mélanie , Cardinal Héloïse , Hickey Michael J. , Patey Natacha , Hébert Marie-Josée
Published: August 2021

Our findings demonstrate the pivotal importance of caspase-3 in regulating renal microvascular dysfunction, fibrogenesis, and long-term renal impairment after acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury. Furthermore, this study establishes the predominant role of peritubular capillary integrity as a major contributor to progressive renal dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
NNT: Nearest Neighbour Trapezoid Algorithm for IoT WLAN Smart Indoor Localization Leveraging RSSI Height Estimation
Authors: Arigye Wilford , Zhou Mu , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Khalid Waqas , Pu Qiaolin
Published: August 2021

Indoor localization as a technique for assisting, or replacing outdoor satellite and cell tower localization systems, has taken a toll in the recent Internet of Things (IoT) era. This IoT drive has prompted increased research towards indoor localization, where fingerprinting, radio mapping as a cost‐effective and efficient scheme, is emerging as the best enterprise entrepreneurs choose. However, indoor complex environments comprise of trackable devices (TD) at various heights, such as child trackers, dog tags, TD on the table, TD’s in the pockets, and situations such as pedestrians talking on the phone: that is at the height of the ear, amongst others. This paper first investigates and analyses “experimentally” the impact of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprinting height to construct radio maps for indoor localization. Secondly, it proposes the novel trapezoid path loss model for RSSI estimation and finally the nearest neighbour trapezoid (NNT) algorithm for IoT smart indoor localization leveraging and mitigating the impact of height considered during the offline signal fingerprinting. We further propose approximately 1 meter above the flooring of the target space as the effective fingerprinting height for indoor localization approaches.
Various Textiles-Based Comparative Analysis of a Millimeter Wave Miniaturized Novel Antenna Design for Body-Centric Communications
Authors: Monirujjaman Khan Mohammad , Islam Kaisarul , Shovon Md. Nakib Alam , Masud Mehedi , Baz Mohammed , AlZain Mohammed A.
Published: August 2021

A 60 GHz compact and novel shaped microstrip-fed antenna based on a textile substrate for body-centric communications has been proposed in this paper. The antenna has a partial ground, and the textile substrate is made up of 1.5 mm thick 100% polyester. Two rectangular sections from the patch antenna’s radiator were removed to give the antenna a swan-shaped appearance. The antenna was designed and simulated using computer simulation technology (CST) microwave studio software. Simulated results show that, in free-space, the antenna achieved a high bandwidth of 11.6 GHz with a center frequency of 60.01 GHz. With 89.4% radiation efficiency, the maximum gain of the antenna was 8.535 dBi. For the on-body scenario, the antenna was simulated over five different distances from a human torso phantom. At the closest distance from the phantom, the antenna’s gain was 5.27 dBi, while the radiation dropped significantly to 63%. The highest bandwidth of 12.27 GHz was attained at 8 mm, while the lowest bandwidth of 5.012 GHz was attained at 4 mm away from the phantom. Gain and radiation efficiency were comparable to free-space results at the furthest distance. The antenna was also simulated with ten different textile substrates for both free-space and on-body scenarios. Among these ten substrates, denim, tween, and Quartzel fabric had similar performance results as polyester. This design achieved similar performance compared to other 60 GHz textile antennas while being a bit more compact. This antenna will be a promising choice for body-centric communications because of its compact size, textile-based substrate, and excellent on-body performance.
Public Information Dissemination Using Data Mining-Enabled Image Enhancement and Internet of Things
Authors: Zhuang Kaige , Xue Zhijun
Published: August 2021

With the development of the Internet of Things, the requirement of a wide range of human-centered services may now make use of as many computing resources for media technologies and holographic images. The IoT system can monitor the status of equipment in real-time with a robust infrared image recognition algorithm. However, few researchers discuss data mining on images with valuable information. In this study, we present a generic approach that is based on the mining decision tree and holographic image improvement data analysis. We employed advanced data mining techniques to achieve image stability and use light to form a three-dimensional image with real space. The suggested model improves digital image signal transmission and noise through the grey neural network technique and, furthermore, utilization decision tree induction to create attributes-to-target label relations from image pixels. The experimental results show that the suggested approach may be highly efficient and effective for interactive image systems and image mining. Our approach may also be widely utilized and includes extremely efficient convergence systems for essential framework elements.
Reconstruction Rating Model of Sovereign Debt by Logical Analysis of Data
Authors: Gholipour Elnaz , Vizvári Béla , Lakner Zoltán
Published: August 2021

Sovereign debt ratings provided by rating agencies measure the solvency of a country, as gauged by a lender or an investor. It is an indication of the risk involved in investment and should be determined correctly and in a well-timed manner. The current system is lacking transparency of rating criteria and mechanism. The present study reconstructs sovereign debt ratings through logical analysis of data (LAD), which is based on the theory of Boolean functions. It organizes groups of countries according to 20 World Bank-defined variables for the period 2012–2015. The Fitch Rating Agency, one of the three big global rating agencies, is used as a case study. An approximate algorithm was crucial in exploring the rating method, in correcting the agency’s errors, and in determining the estimated rating of otherwise unrated countries. The outcome was a decision tree for each year. Each country was assigned a rating. On average, the algorithm reached almost 98% matched ratings in the training set and was verified by 84% in the test set.
A College Student Behavior Analysis and Management Method Based on Machine Learning Technology
Authors: Shen Xiaoying , Yuan Chao
Published: August 2021

A digital campus will generate a large amount of student‐related data. How to analyze and apply these data has become the key to improving the management level of students. The analysis of student behavior data can not only assist schools in early warning of dangerous events and strengthen school safety but also can use real data to describe student behavior, thereby providing quantitative data support for scholarship and grant evaluation. This paper takes a university student as the research object, collects various data in the digital campus platform, and uses an adaptive K‐means algorithm in the machine learning algorithm to cluster the data. Analyze the behavior of college students from the clustering results, so as to provide a basis for the education management and learning ability improvement of college students. Specifically, the student’s study, life, and consumption data are selected as the data to describe the student’s behavior at school. This data is input into the adaptive K‐means algorithm to obtain different types of student consumption habits, living habits, and learning habits. Through the analysis results, it can be found that the problem of the group of students with low financial ability, the problem of too long online time for students, and the number of books borrowed are too low. According to the characteristics of these problems, teachers and schools are provided with targeted management suggestions. The analysis of student behavior based on machine learning technology provides a reference for the formulation of students’ school management policies and provides teachers with information on students’ personality characteristics, which is conducive to improving teachers’ teaching effects. In short, the management of the results of student behavior analysis can provide a basis for the school to formulate reasonable management policies, thereby promoting precision management and scientific decision‐making.
Quercetin as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Lymphoma
Authors: Soofiyani Saiedeh Razi , Hosseini Kamran , Forouhandeh Haleh , Ghasemnejad Tohid , Tarhriz Vahideh , Asgharian Parina , Reiner Željko , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Cho William C.
Published: August 2021

Lymphoma is a name for malignant diseases of the lymphatic system including Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non‐Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Although several approaches are used for the treatment of these diseases, some of them are not successful and have serious adverse effects. Therefore, other effective treatment methods might be interesting. Studies have indicated that plant ingredients play a key role in treating several diseases. Some plants have already shown a potential therapeutic effect on many malignant diseases. Quercetin is a flavonoid found in different plants and could be useful in the treatment of different malignant diseases. Quercetin has its antimalignant effects through targeting main survival pathways activated in tumor cells. In vitro/in vivo experimental studies have demonstrated that quercetin possesses a cytotoxic effect on lymphoid cancer cells. Regardless of the optimum results that have been obtained from both in vitro/in vivo studies, few clinical studies have analyzed the antitumor effects of quercetin in lymphoid cancers. Thus, it seems that more clinical studies should introduce quercetin as a therapeutic, alone or in combination with other chemotherapy agents. Here, in this study, we reviewed the anticancer effects of quercetin and highlighted the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin in various types of lymphoma.
Motion Capture and Intelligent Correction Method of Badminton Movement Based on Machine Vision
Authors: Zhang Yibo , Tang Jianjun , Huang Hui
Published: August 2021

In recent years, badminton has become more and more popular in national fitness programs. Amateur badminton clubs have been established all over the country, and amateur badminton events at all levels have increased significantly. Due to the lack of correct medical supervision and health guidance, many people have varying degrees of injury during sports. Therefore, it is very important to study the method of badminton movement capture and intelligent correction based on machine vision to provide safe and effective exercise plan for amateur badminton enthusiasts. This article aims to study the methods of motion capture and intelligent correction of badminton. Aiming at the shortcoming of the mean shift algorithm that it is easy to lose the target when the target is occluded or the background is disturbed, this paper combines the mean shift algorithm with the Kalman filter algorithm and proposes an improvement to the combined algorithm. The improved algorithm is added to the calculation of the average speed of the target, which can be used as the target speed when the target is occluded to predict the area where the target may appear at the next moment, and it can also be used as a judgment condition for whether the target is interfered by the background. The improved algorithm combines the macroscopic motion information of the target, can overcome the problem of target loss when the target is occluded and background interference, and improves the robustness of target tracking. Using LabVIEW development environment to write the system software of the Japanese standard tracking robot, the experiment verified the rationality and correctness of the improved target tracking algorithm and motion control method, which can meet the real-time performance of moving target tracking. Experimental results show that 83% of amateur badminton players have problems with asymmetric functions and weak links. Based on machine vision technology, it can provide reliable bottom line reference for making training plans, effectively improve the quality of action, improve the efficiency of action, and promote the development of sports competitive level.
Study on Synthesis Method of Multipoint Seismic Waves for Buried Oil and Gas Pipeline in Shaking Table Tests
Authors: Dai Jian-Bo , Zhang Gui-Di , Hu Cheng-Tao , Cheng Kai-Kai
Published: August 2021

The buried oil and gas pipeline is a linear structure with infinite length. In the shaking table test of its seismic response, it is necessary to input the spatially related multipoint seismic wave considering the propagation characteristics of ground motion. The multipoint seismic excitation shaking table tests and loading scheme of buried oil and gas pipelines are designed and formulated. The synthesis method of spatial correlation multipoint seismic wave for the buried oil and gas pipeline test is proposed in this study. The values of relevant parameters are analyzed, and corresponding program is compiled by MATLAB. The results show that the developed multipoint excitation shaking table seismic wave input scheme is reasonable. At the same time, the synthesized multipoint seismic wave based on the actual seismic record and artificial random simulation seismic wave can meet the test requirements, which suggests the testing effect is good.
Systematic Evaluation of Toxicity of Aconite Based on Bibliometric Method
Authors: Wu Diyao , Xu Tielong , Huang Zhendong , Wang Yaling , Chen Hongfu , Chen Qian , Chen Lihua , Ao Meiying
Published: August 2021

Aim. Based on the bibliometric method, the toxicity of aconite is analyzed and evaluated. Methods. Studies on the toxicity of aconite were retrieved from CNKI, CQVIP, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System, and PubMed, ranging from January 1985 to November 2020. All those studies were formed into the Database of Literature of Toxicity of Aconite (DLTA). Studies on the toxicity of aconite were retrieved from CNKI, CQVIP, SinoMed, and PubMed, respectively. Collecting relevant information in DLTA, we analyzed the hotspots, factors and mechanism of aconite toxicity, and attenuation methods. Results. A total of 445 studies on the toxicity of aconite have been collected. “Compatibility attenuation” and “Processing attenuation” have been the hotspots of aconite toxicity in recent years. Many studies support that the main toxic reactions of aconite are heart damage, liver toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. The toxic effect of aconite is related to the effect on the central nervous system. Exciting the vagus nerve reduces the autonomy of the sinus node and damages myocardial cells. The decoction time, dosage, and administration of aconite are the main factors of the toxicity of aconite. There are few studies about the effect of the origin of aconite and the specifications of the medicinal materials on toxicity. Therefore, it is impossible to analyze its relevance. At present, the commonly used methods to reduce the toxicity of aconite mainly include three methods: drug compatibility, processing, and decoction. The most common compatibility with aconite medicines includes licorice, dried ginger, ginseng, and ephedra. Black sliced aconite, steamed slices, and fried slices are less toxic than other processed products. Aconite decoction for more than 60 minutes can basically reach the safe range, and more than 2 hours of decoction may cause the loss of active ingredients. Conclusions. The research on the mechanisms of aconite dosage-efficacy-toxicity, compatibility, processing, liver toxicity, and nephrotoxicity is still not comprehensive and in-depth. Researchers should perfect toxicity studies of aconite, remove the constraints that affect its clinical application, and promote the clinical use of aconite safely and reasonably.
Feature Extraction Method for Hidden Information in Audio Streams Based on HM-EMD
Authors: Lou Jiu , Xu Zhongliang , Zuo Decheng , Liu Hongwei
Published: August 2021

Using fake audio to spoof the audio devices in the Internet of Things has become an important problem in modern network security. Aiming at the problem of lack of robust features in fake audio detection, an audio streams’ hidden feature extraction method based on a heuristic mask for empirical mode decomposition (HM-EMD) is proposed in this paper. First, using HM-EMD, each signal is decomposed into several monotonic intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, on the basis of IMFs, basic features and hidden information features HCFs of audio streams are constructed, respectively. Finally, a machine learning method is used to classify audio streams based on these features. The experimental results show that hidden information features of audio streams based on HM-EMD can effectively supplement the nonlinear and nonstationary information that traditional features such as mel cepstrum features cannot express and can better realize the representation of hidden acoustic events, which provide a new research idea for fake audio detection.
Experimental Study on the Influence of Moisture Content on the Mechanical Properties of Coal
Authors: Gao Mingxing , Liu Yongli
Published: August 2021

Water injection in coal seams will lead to the increase of moisture content in coal, which plays an essential role in the physical and mechanical properties of coal. In order to study the influence of moisture content on the mechanical properties of soft media, the forming pressure (20 MPa) and particle size ratio (0-1 mm (50%), 1-2 mm (25%), and 2-3 mm (25%)) during briquette preparation were firstly determined in this paper. Briquettes with different moisture contents (3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) were prepared by using self-developed briquettes. Uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were carried out using the RMT-150C rock mechanics test system. The results show that the uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of briquette samples increase first and then decrease with the increase of briquette water, while Poisson’s ratio decreases first and then increases with the increase of briquette water. When the moisture content is around 9%, the maximum uniaxial compressive strength is 0.866 MPa, the maximum elastic modulus is 1.385 GPa, and Poisson’s ratio is at the minimum of 0.259. The compressive strength of briquettes increases with the increase of confining pressure. With the increase of moisture content, the cohesion and internal friction angle of briquettes first increased and then decreased.
Epidemiologic Study of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in the Republic of Marshall Islands
Authors: Fan Chia-Kwung , Sonko Pasaikou , Lee Yueh-Lun , Yin Ai-Wen , Chuang Ting-Wu , Kios Ramson , Wang Ying-Ting , Chou Chia-Mei , Hsu Shao-Lun , Wu Mai-Szu , Lin Jia-Wei , Tu Chia-Ying
Published: August 2021

The prevalence and risk factors of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infection among primary schoolchildren (PSC) in the Marshall Islands remain unknown; thus, investigation on the status of pinworm infection rate is necessary to establish baseline data. After parents’/guardians’ consent, a total of 346 children (179 boys and 167 girls) participated in this study. Individual’s perianal area and thumbs were inspected by using the Scotch tape technique and cellophane tape method, respectively. For each child, demographic and risk factor data were collected by a structured questionnaire and statistically analyzed. The overall prevalence of pinworm infection was 12.14% (42/346). Univariate analysis indicated significant differences in PSC who live in an urban area compared to those who live in the rural area

p
=
0.01

. Multivariate analysis still found that PSC who live in the rural area had higher chances to acquire pinworm infection. However, no risk factors were identified to be associated with personal hygiene, sibling number, and parent’s educational level or occupation. Nevertheless, a pinworm-like egg was detected on the thumb of one male participant. Children living in the rural area and thumb-sucking behavior are two of the important risk factors of transmitting pinworm infection in the PSC in the Marshall Islands. We suggested an urgent and continuous provision of adequate hygienic sensitization in the school and the community.
An Improved Channel Estimation Algorithm Based on WD-DDA in OFDM System
Authors: Wang Dan , Mei Zhiqiang , Liang Jiamin , Liu Jinzhi
Published: August 2021

Channel estimation is the key technology to ensure reliable transmission in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In order to improve the accuracy of the channel estimation algorithm in a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) channel environment, in this paper, we proposed an improved channel estimation algorithm based on the transform domain. The improved algorithm with wavelet denoising (WD) and distance decision analysis (DDA) to perform secondary denoising on the channel estimation algorithm based on the transform domain is proposed. First, after the least-squares (LS) algorithm, WD is used to denoise for the first time, then the DDA is used to further suppress the residual noise in the transform domain, and the important channel taps are screened out. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the detection performance of existing channel estimation algorithms based on transform domain in low SNR.
Quality Analysis of Multimedia Teaching in Vocal Music Class Combining Elitist Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Yang Hongcai
Published: August 2021

With the social and economic development, there have been more and more abundant multimedia carriers. In this paper, based on the elitist teaching-learning-based optimization algorithm, the factors that affect the quality of teaching are analyzed mainly from the perspective of teachers in terms of the teaching philosophy, the design level of informatization teaching, the application of new teaching models, the evaluation of teaching effects, and other aspects. The quality of multimedia teaching in vocal music class is analyzed, aiming to improve the quality of teaching. The results of this study indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective.
Hybrid Percutaneous Brachiofemoral Shunt and Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in a Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Salimi Javad , Sadat Sayed Alimohammad , Yavari Barhaghtalab Mohammad Javad , Rahimzadeh Hormat
Published: August 2021

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in kidney transplant recipients may cause ischemia in the transplanted kidney. As a result, various techniques have been described for protection of the renal allograft during AAA repair including temporary shunt, extracorporeal bypass, cold renal perfusion, endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), and operation without renal allograft protection. We successfully treated a 56-year-old man, a case of kidney transplantation with AAA, using a temporary hybrid percutaneous brachiofemoral shunt using vascular prosthesis with a long 7-French (Fr) catheter sheath introducer (CSI) in the aortic arch via the right brachial artery and 8 Fr CSI in the right femoral artery that were connected together with a 7 Fr guiding catheter, before aortic cross-clamping and repair of AAA using a Dacron tube graft. The patient recovered well from the surgery without any complication and was discharged on the 6th postoperative day. To our knowledge, this is the first report of using a temporary hybrid percutaneous brachiofemoral shunt for renal allograft protection in AAA repair surgery in a patient with kidney transplantation, and we think that this temporary shunt is an easy, safe, and rapid method for renal allograft protection from ischemia.
General Overview of Radon Studies in Health Hazard Perspectives
Authors: Degu Belete Guadie , Alemu Anteneh Yetsedaw
Published: August 2021

The adverse human health effects due to ionizing radiation are well known. Radon is the major source of background radiation among those that are of natural origin. It contributes about 55% of the natural radiation dose to humans. It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless radioactive noble gas that comes from the natural radioactive decay series of uranium. Radon can be found everywhere in the atmosphere and become attached to aerosols in the air. The aerosols carrying radon and its progeny can be inhaled and deposited in different regions of the human respiratory tract. The deposited radioactive aerosols continue to decay and exposing the lung to ionizing radiation can destroy sensitive cells in the lung, causing a mutation that turns to be cancerous. Different countries and international and national organizations put their action levels to reduce radon lung cancer risk. The Environmental Protection Agency recommends 148 Bq/m3 as the action level. On the other hand, International Commission for Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommends 200 Bq/m3 as the action level. The main objective of this review is to focus on how radon is established as a health hazard, ways of radon detection and measurements, methods of reducing and controlling high indoor radon concentration, and what are the recommended international action levels of radon concentrations. It mainly focuses on the health perspective of radon studies because it is now a crucial and hot issue in the world. In most developing countries like our country Ethiopia, radon studies are not well investigated.
[Retracted] Evaluation Model of Physical Education Effect: On the Application of Radial Basis Function‐Particle Swarm Optimization Neural Network (RBFNN‐PSO)
Authors: Chen Dong
Published: August 2021

This study constructs a new radial basis function‐particle swarm optimization neural network (RBFNN‐PSO) system, which is applied to the evaluation system of physical education teaching effect. In order to verify the evaluation performance of the RBFNN‐PSO system, the traditional RBF neural network system is used as the control, and the training is carried out. The results show that the RBFNN‐PSO system can reach the convergence value faster than the traditional RBF neural network system in the training, and the training error is smaller. The results show that the scoring error of RBFNN‐PSO system is smaller than that of RBF neural network system, with higher accuracy and smaller error. The experimental results show that the RBFNN‐PSO is superior to the traditional RBF neural network in error and accuracy.
Application of Bioinformatics Methods to Identify Key Genes and Functions in Chronic Pelvic Pain
Authors: Sun Wenchao , Ju Qiji
Published: August 2021

Neuropathologic pain (NPP) occurs in most patients with chronic pelvic pain (CPP), and the unique physiological characteristics of visceral sensory neurons make the current analgesic effect of CPP patients not optimistic. Therefore, this study explored the possible biological characteristics of key genes in CPP through the bioinformatics method. CPP-related dataset GSE131619 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus to investigate the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sacral DRG, and the functional enrichment analysis was performed. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to search subnet modules of specific biological processes, and then, the genes in the subnet were enriched by single gene set analysis. A CPP mouse model was established, and the expression of key genes were identified by qPCR. The results showed that 127 upregulated DEGs and 103 downregulated DEGs are identified. Functional enrichment analysis showed that most of the genes involved in signal transduction were involved in the pathway of receptor interaction. A subnet module related to neural signal regulation was identified in PPI, including CHRNB4, CHRNA3, and CHRNB2. All three genes were associated with neurological or inflammatory activity and are downregulated in the sacral spinal cord of CPP mice. This study provided three key candidate genes for CPP: CHRNB4, CHRNA3, and CHRNB2, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of CPP, and provided a powerful molecular target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CPP.
Automatic Detection of Power Quality Disturbance Using Convolutional Neural Network Structure with Gated Recurrent Unit
Authors: Yiğit Enes , Özkaya Umut , Öztürk Şaban , Singh Dilbag , Gritli Hassène
Published: August 2021

Power quality disturbance (PQD) is essential for devices consuming electricity and meeting today’s energy trends. This study contains an effective artificial intelligence (AI) framework for analyzing single or composite defects in power quality. A convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, which has an output powered by a gated recurrent unit (GRU), is designed for this purpose. The proposed framework first obtains a matrix using a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of PQD signals. This matrix contains the representation of the signal in the time and frequency domains, suitable for CNN input. Features are automatically extracted from these matrices using the proposed CNN architecture without preprocessing. These features are classified using the GRU. The performance of the proposed framework is tested using a dataset containing a total of seven single and composite defects. The amount of noise in these examples varies between 20 and 50 dB. The performance of the proposed method is higher than current state-of-the-art methods. The proposed method obtained 98.44% ACC, 98.45% SEN, 99.74% SPE, 98.45% PRE, 98.45% F1-score, 98.19% MCC, and 93.64% kappa metric. A novel power quality disturbance (PQD) system has been proposed, and its application has been represented in our study. The proposed system could be used in the industry and factory.
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Effects of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Portulaca oleracea on Surgical-Induced Peritoneal Adhesion
Authors: Jaafari Ali , Baradaran Rahimi Vafa , Vahdati-Mashhadian Nasser , Yahyazadeh Roghayeh , Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan Alireza , Hasanpour Maede , Iranshahi Mehrdad , Ehtiati Sajjad , Rajabi Hamed , Mahdinezhad Mohammadreza , Rakhshandeh Hassan , Askari Vahid Reza
Published: August 2021

Objective. Peritoneal adhesion (PA) is an abnormal connective tissue that usually occurs between tissues adjacent to damaged organs during processes such as surgery. In this study, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of Portulaca oleracea (PO) were investigated against postoperative-induced peritoneal adhesion. Methods. Thirty healthy male Wistar rats (

220
±
20
 
g

, 6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) normal, (2) control (induced peritoneal adhesion), and (3) and (4) PO extracts (induced peritoneal adhesion and received 100 or 300 mg/kg/day of PO extract for seven days). Finally, macroscopic and microscopic examinations were performed using different scoring systems and immunoassays in the peritoneal lavage fluid. Results. We found that the levels of adhesion scores and interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased in the control group. However, PO extract (100 and 300 mg/kg) notably reduced inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), fibrosis (TGF-β1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and oxidative (MDA) factors, while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, antioxidant factor glutathione (GSH), compared to the control group. Conclusion. Oral administration of PO improved postoperational-induced PA by alleviating the oxidative factors, fibrosis, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis biomarkers, and stimulating antioxidative factors. Hence, PO can be considered a potential herbal medicine to manage postoperative PA. However, further clinical studies are required to approve the effectiveness of PO.
Response Surface Method for Strength Analysis and Proportion Optimization of New Type Sealing Materials
Authors: Xue Sheng , Guo Xin , Zheng Chunshan , Li Yaobin , Zheng Xiaoliang
Published: August 2021

The influence of the interaction among water-cement ratio, content of expansion agent, water reducing agent, and retarder on the compressive strength of new sealing material was studied. The Design-Expert software was used to design experiments, establish a quadratic polynomial regression model, draw response surface, and optimize parameters. The microstructure morphology of the sample is explored by a scanning electron microscope (hereinafter referred to as SEM). The research results show that the interaction between the water-cement ratio and expansion agent content is the most crucial factor affecting the compressive strength of the new sealing material. Under the optimal condition of 0.4% water reducing agent, 0.04% retarder, 0.8 water-cement ratio, and 8% expansion agent, the compressive strength of the sealing material cured for 3 d and 7 d is 39.247 MPa and 41.044 MPa, with the maximum absolute error of 1.71% and 2.81%, which proves the high accuracy of the model. The main hydration products of the new sealing material are ettringite and C-S-H gel, interlacing each other to form a dense structure, which contributes to the high strength of the new sealing material.
Simulation of the Dynamic Response to Sinusoidal Excitation of the Elastic Porous Metal Mesh Damper
Authors: Shao Yichuan , Song Shibin , Xin Taia , Wang Jinyu , Xie Xiaobo
Published: August 2021

As a promising device of vibration isolation for rocket engine turbopumps, turbine engines, and other kinds of rotordynamic applications, the elastic porous metal mesh damper (MMD) has drawn large attention from researchers. It exhibits higher load capacity and environmental adaptivity than traditional viscoelastic damping materials owing to the excellent combination of metallic properties and the rubber‐like damping performance. However, the design of a metal mesh damper relies heavily on the trial‐and‐error methodology for tuning fabrication parameters, which prevents it from widespread use in rotor‐bearing applications. Therefore, efforts are directed toward forging an explicit link between fabrication parameters and the dynamic behaviors of MMDs in the present work. Quasistatic and dynamic mechanical tests are carried out to help determine the primary factor that influences the damping performance of the MMD and to demonstrate how the dynamic behaviors of MMDs evolve with the fabrication parameters. Furthermore, two different modeling methodologies, i.e., the FE method and the mixed damping approach, are used to predict the hysteresis behaviors of the dampers. The latter method not only properly reproduces the experimental results but also makes it possible to build an intuitive connection between the fabrication procedures and the dynamic mechanical behaviors of the MMDs. The orthogonal test results determine that the mesh density plays a dominant role in controlling both the load capacity and damping performance of the MMDs. By integrating mesh density and motion amplitude into the expression of parameters including stiffness coefficient, damping coefficient, and damping component factor, the mixed damping model demonstrates excellent predictive accuracy under different excitation conditions.