bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional quality and in vitro digestibility of fermented rice bran based on different types and doses of inoculants
Authors: Dilaga Syamsul , Putra Ryan , Pratama Anggriawan , Yanuarianto Oscar , Amin Muhamad , Suhubdy Suhubdy
Published: January 2023

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of inoculants of different types and doses on the nutrient quality and in vitro digestibility of fermented rice bran.
Materials and Methods: The study was designed using a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3-factorial pattern. The first factor was the type of inoculum, consisting of Saccharomyces cerevi¬siae (SC), Effective Microorganism-4, and Saus Burger Pakan (SBP). The second factor is inoculum doses, which are as follows: levels 2%, 4%, and 6%. The variables measured included chemical composition, fiber fraction content, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility.
Results: The results showed that the type of inoculation treatment and the doses of inoculation did not affect the dry matter (DM) content of fermented bran, and the organic matter content of fermented bran was only affected by the inoculation dose factor (p < 0.05). The highest crude protein and Extract Ether (EE) were obtained in the SBP inoculants, which increased linearly with increasing inoculation doses (p < 0.05). While a significant decrease (p < 0.05) occurred in crude fiber content. The cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and neutral deter¬gent fiber (NDF) fractions were significantly lower in the SBP treatment as the dose increased. The SBP inoculant type produced the highest DMD (p < 0.05) but showed a response that was not different from the SC inoculant treatment for OMD. Increasing inoculation doses of 2%, 4%, and 6% linearly increased the DMD and OMD of fermented bran (p < 0.05). Overall, inoculant application on fermented bran showed an interaction effect except for the components of DM, EE, ADF, NDF, and DMD of fermented bran.
Conclusions: It was concluded that the SBP at 6% and their combination resulted in the best chemical quality and digestibility of rice bran.
Characterization and modeling of the serum concentration of osteocalcin in breeding sows and its interaction with biochemical indicators: A review
Authors: Ordaz Gerardo , a Jos , Mariscal Gerardo
Published: January 2023

Adipose, muscle, and bone tissues modulate the metabolic state of mammals. However, the role of bone tissue as a metabolic state modulator in sows has not been studied. During the gestation–lactation transition, sows undergo metabolic adaptations to meet their nutritional requirements. Among these adaptations, bone remodeling is characterized by the synthesis and inhibition of hormones that participate, together with hormones from other tissues, in fetal development and lactogenesis. Osteocalcin is a hormone synthesized by the bone tissue which has been associated in different biological models with the improvement of the metabolic state. However, in sows, published results on the concentration of osteocalcin are scarce, and its concentration throughout the reproductive cycle is unknown. Therefore, with information from published trials on the measurement of serum osteocalcin, a structured review was conducted under the following objectives: (1) to review the promising effect of osteocalcin on energy metabolism in different models and (2) to characterize and model the serum concentrations of osteocalcin during the reproductive cycle of the sow. According to the review, the results obtained for humans and other animal models suggest that osteocalcin regulates energy metabolism, which has been associated with the need for integrated metabolism to cope with the metabolic demand during gestation and lactation in mammals. If these effects are significant in the sow, current recommendations for dietary balance should be reconsidered, particularly during the gestation–lactation transition period. According to mathematical modeling, it was the period in which the lowest concentration of osteocalcin was found.
Molecular identification, characterization, and antagonistic activity profiling of Bacillus cereus LOCK 1002 along with the in-silico analysis of its presumptive bacteriocins
Authors: Islam Samarth , Farjana Mithila , Uddin Muhammad , Akter Sharmin , Jabin Anika , Nafisa Hazika , Siraji Siam , Morshed A , Rimti Fahmida , Naim Zannatul , Sakib Mohiuddin , Sarker Pallab , Naznin Sabiha , Alam H , Ema Tanzila , Siddiquy Mahbuba , Rahman Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This research aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize a new strain of Bacillus cereus through different molecular biology approaches so that it could be further studied for therapeutic purposes against selective enteric pathogens.
Materials and Methods: Pure isolates of B. cereus were prepared from buffalo yogurt samples in REMBA medium. Initially, the morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties were studied accordingly. Following the tests, the molecular identification for the strain identification was conducted through plasmid DNA extraction, PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis, and 16S rRNA sequencing up to 1.37 kb. Afterward, the antibiotic sensitivity [Epsilometer test (E-Test)] and anti¬fungal activity were tested considering different concentrations. Being classified from the aforementioned tests, a comprehensive antimicrobial activity test was conducted using the cell-free-su¬pernatant (CFS) of the test strain against selective enteric pathogens in humans in vitro. Besides, the different clusters of genes were identified and characterized for understanding the presump¬tive bacteriocins present in the CFS of the strain in silico, where molecular string properties were calculated. Finally, the evolutionary relationship among diversified bacteriocins synthesized by different Bacillus strains was studied to predict the CFS-containing bacteriocins of the new strain.
Results: Purified isolates of B. cereus were Gram-positive rods and showed significant tolerance (p < 0.0001) to different concentrations of pH, phenol, bile salt, and NaCl. 16S rRNA revealed the strain as LOCK 1002, which was strongly sensitive to all the antibiotics used and resistant to selec¬tive antifungal agents. The CFS of B. cereus LOCK 1002 was found to be a very promising antago¬nist to all the enteric pathogens used in the culture condition. Two gene clusters were predicted to be interconnected and responsible for different presumptive bacteriocins.
Conclusion: The newly identified LOCK 1002 can be a very potent strain of B. cereus in use as an antimicrobial agent for having different bacteriocin coding gene clusters.
Viable bacterial counts of the Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), their responses to seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters, and bacterial counts of the cultured ponds
Authors: Haider Md , Islam Md , Mukit Md , Uddin Md
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The study was undertaken to evaluate the influences of some physicochemical param¬eters and viable bacterial counts in cultured ponds (water and sediment) on the viable counts of the Pangasius catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) (gill and intestine) on a seasonal scale.
Materials and Methods: Physicochemical parameters, viz., ambient temperature, water tem¬perature, water transparency, pH of the pond waters, and viable bacterial counts of pond water, sediment, fish gills, and intestines, were monitored during four different seasons. The responses of viable counts of bacteria to the seasonal changes of physicochemical parameters were also assessed using redundancy analysis (RDA) and a heatmap coupled with the clustering analysis.
Results: Except for fluctuations in air and water temperatures, the other two physicochemical parameters were almost stable throughout the study periods. The gills and water counts were rel¬atively lower than those of the intestine and sediment. Pearson’s correlation analysis established no significant correlations between the physicochemical parameters and viable bacterial counts. However, significant positive correlations were detected between the viable counts of water and sediment and between the gill and intestine. The RDA plot showed that, except in spring, the viable counts of a particular sample type were similar among the four locations. The results of permutation test showed that, individually none of the studied physicochemical parameters was significant; however, the seasons significantly affected the viable counts.
Combined impact of lemongrass and spearmint herbs on performance, serum metabolites, liver enzymes, and meat quality of broiler
Authors: Rahman Md , Sultana Sabiha , Redoy Md , Debi Momota , Chowdhury Rakhi , Mamun Mohammad
Published: January 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the influence of feeding fresh lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) or spearmint (Mentha spicata) and their combination on performance, serum metabo¬lites, liver enzymes, and meat quality in broilers.
Materials and Methods: A total of 168 day-old Indian River chicks were arbitrarily offered four experimental rations: (i) control ration (CT-R): corn-soya-based ration, (ii) lemongrass ration (LG-R): CT-R + 1.0% DM of lemongrass; (iii) spearmint ration (SM-R): CT-R + 1.0% DM of spearmint; and (iv) lemongrass-spearmint ration (LS-R): CT-R + 0.5% DM from both lemongrass and spear¬mint. Each ration was given to 42 birds for a duration of 35 days, with 3 replications and 14 birds each.
Results: Elevated body weight gain was observed in LG-R (1,502 gm), LS-R (1,492 gm), and SM-R (1,474 gm) compared to CT-R (1,451 gm) (p = 0.078). Herbal rations successfully reduced almost 3%–5% of serum and meat total cholesterol concentrations compared to CT-R. Compared to CT-R, the highest zinc and iron concentrations of serum and meat were measured in LG-R and SM-R, respectively, while both minerals of serum and meat were observed to be better in LS-R (p < 0.05). Herbal rations significantly improved serum liver enzyme activity and ameliorated the red color of breast and thigh meat but failed to improve the lightness and yellowness of both types of meat compared to CT-R.
Conclusions: LG-R, SM-R, and LS-R improved bird performance, liver health, and meat color, and lowered serum and meat cholesterol levels. But among them, LS-R efficaciously increased the serum and meat zinc and iron concentrations.
Blood biochemical parameters of Murrah buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) reared in the high salinity area of Bangladesh
Authors: Runa Rukhsana , Islam Md , Hasan Moinul , Akter Mst
Published: January 2023

Objectives: The study’s goal was to determine the impacts of drinking saline water on the biochemical parameters of Murrah buffalo.
Materials and methods: Twenty Murrah buffalo of both sexes, ranging in age from 6 months to 11 years, were randomly selected. 10 ml of blood samples were collected from each buffalo and processed to separate serums. The supplied drinking water and feed samples were also collected. Blood parameters–glucose, alanine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), creatinine, urea, uric acid, magnesium, phosphorous, calcium, zinc, potassium, sodium, and chloride–were analyzed. Different clinical manifestations of selected buffalo were also recorded.
Results: The buffaloes with skin lesions had higher serum concentrations of AST, creatinine, zinc, sodium, and chloride compared to another group. Significant age effects were found for serum concentrations of glucose (p < 0.05), creatinine (p < 0.01), uric acid (p < 0.001), phosphorus (p < 0.05), and potassium (p < 0.05). No significant age and gender effects were found for AST, ALT, urea, magnesium, calcium, zinc, sodium, and chloride. The serum concentration of creatinine was higher in female buffaloes, whereas the uric acid concentration was lower in female buffaloes compared to males.
Conclusion: The blood parameters that were measured and remained within reference ranges show that Murrah buffaloes can adapt to saline water with little to no impairment to their liver and renal functions. The differences in the ages and sexes of the animals within the study groups highlight that mature female buffaloes suffer more from skin disorders and attempt to adjust to exotic conditions by changing the functioning of their liver and kidney.
S. SADUAKASULY AND THE FIRST KAZAKH YOUTH ORGANIZATION
Authors: Bimakanova Z. Sh. , Bekmurzina A. N.
Published: January 2023

Youth is the main driving force of society. In this regard, in any society, young people have not been left without attention. The future of any nation today depends on the youth. They could not calmly observe the state of a country that had been in subjection for centuries. Armed with knowledge, they urged people, including young people, to adapt to the New Time and take care of becoming an independent country. As a result, organizations of Kazakh youth began to be created. The article discusses the first steps and the history of the formation of scientific and educational activities of the first youth organizations of the early twentieth century. It is obvious that the consequences of the revolutions, political and social events of the Soviet period had a significant impact on the culture and education of Kazakhstan. There was a need to create values that meet the requirements of the new system. A study of the activities of the national intelligentsia, including Smagul Saduakasov, on linking the Kazakh people with spiritual and cultural figures, the formation of a sense of nationalism, the preservation of the nation. The activities of public activists and public youth organizations are analyzed on the basis of archival data.
The use of MOOCs in higher education
Authors: PATRUNINA Ksenia A.
Published: January 2023

The article studies the main theoretical and practical provisions on the structural application of MOOCs in higher education. The main barriers towards the use of MOOCs in Russian universities are considered as well.
Main Features of Contemporary International Economic Relations in Waste Management
Authors: Kurpas Pavel A. , Piskulova Natalia A. , Abramova Anna V.
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the current state of the main forms of international economic relations (IER) in waste management. Applying statistical data, the author estimates the roles that international trade in waste, international trade in waste management services and international capital movement play in the development of IER. A conclusion is drawn that trade in wastes is of vital importance for IER burgeoning, whereas the influence of the other forms is comparatively insignificant. An environmental policy that largely determines the nature and geographical structure of IER is pinpointed as the key growth factor. Finally, the ambiguity of the environmental impact that IER retain is revealed.
The Role of FAO in Tackling the Global Food Security Issue
Authors: Petrova Anna M. , Revenko Liliya S.
Published: January 2023

The article analyses the role of the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in ensuring world food security. The article emphasizes food security relevance and provides data on the surging prevalence of malnutrition on the global arena. The article briefs on FAO’s background and the goals of the organization in question. The functioning principles and its financial sources are also considered. The chief performance indicators of the organization's monitoring food security, raising public awareness and stimulating cooperation with other international institutions are analyzed. The article also describes multiple projects of the Food and Agriculture Organization to reduce the number of people suffering from malnutrition in various regions of the world. Special attention is paid to the interaction between FAO and Russia and their main projects in the economic, political and research spheres.
Havacılık güvenliği ve insan hakları bağlamında hak-güvenlik paradoksu
Authors: Ateş Ahmet
Published: January 2023

Devletler, havacılık sektöründe yaşanan terör ve diğer yasadışı eylemler sonucunda birtakım güvenlikleştirme stratejileri izlemek zorunda kalmışlardır. Havacılık güvenliği çalışmaları altında şekillenen bu stratejiler, başta devletlerin ulusal güvenliği olmak üzere yolcuların can ve mal güvenliğini sağlamaya yönelik birtakım mekanizmaların gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Bu mekanizmalar içerisinde ortaya çıkan ve profilleme olarak adlandırılan yapay zekâ destekli sistemler, yolcuların mahremiyet haklarını ihlal edecek ya da ikinci plana itecek birtakım uygulamalar ortaya çıkarmıştır. Profilleme sistemleri bu tür güvenlik uygulamalarına örnek olarak verilebilir. Bu sistemler yolcuların mahremiyet haklarını ihlal ederek izinsiz şekilde onların kişisel bilgilerine erişmekte ve bunları kullanılarak birtakım puanlamalar ve sınıflandırmalar yapmaktadır. İnsan hakları savunucuları bu uygulamalar sonucunda harekete geçmiş ve böylece hak-güvenlik paradoksu olarak tanımlanabilecek bir tartışma başlamıştır. Bu tartışma özelinde şekillenen çalışmada, uluslararası anlaşmalar, ulusal güvenlik, insan hakları, güvenlik prosedürleri ve profilleme konuları hak-güvenlik paradoksu bağlamında analiz edilmiştir. Böylece profilleme süreçlerinde hak ihlallerinin ne düzeyde yaşandığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmış ve öneride bulunulmuştur.
TECHNOLOGY AND PROBLEMS OF AUTOMATIC LINGUOANALYSIS OF THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF WORDS
Authors: Zhanabekova A. , Alpysbay Zh.
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the technology of the morphological analyzer, which implements the program of morphological markup in the National corpus of the Kazakh language. The introduction of morphological markup is the most basic and important linguistic analysis of the National Corpus. It is also considered how language units in the intermediate layer are differentiated in the dictionary of basic words and the dictionary of grammatical forms (word forms) that we are developing. It is difficult for a computer to automatically divide words into roots and affixes and describe the relation of words to parts of speech and grammatical characteristics of affixes. However, in agglutinative languages, such as Kazakh, it is easier to automatically separate words and automatically analyze the composition of words than in inflectional languages. This is due to the fact that in agglutinative languages affixes are added in a certain system. The formal model of word forms is more understandable. The article discusses some difficulties of automatic parsing and analysis of words in the Kazakh language. The article also discusses problematic issues of functional affixes in the modeling of the morphological system of the Kazakh language, as well as issues related to categories and conditionally accepted codes included in the grammatical dictionary.
ABOUT SOME GENERIC NAMES IN THE SONG «KORKYT»
Authors: Kozhanuly M.
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to the linguistic historical and cognitive study of onomastic names common to the Turkological science found in the Korkyt work, the common heritage of the Kipchak-Oguz epoch. The author claims that recently, when considering the names of names in historical songs and legends relating to each Kazakh epoch, there are still unresolved problems.Of great scientific importance is the identification of patterns of language development, language layers, deep knowledge of the history of the native land through a comprehensive historical and linguistic study of the materials of the poem based on the opinions of domestic and foreign researchers. Therefore, within the framework of one article, it is impossible to conduct a comprehensive linguistic analysis of onomastic names in the Korkyt legend, which is a common heritage for the Oguz-Kipchak tribes.The study of onomastic names in historical tales and legends characteristic of the Oguz- Kipchak epoch as a whole, combined with the achievements of modern science, is one of the main problems of Turkology, including Kazakh onomastics. In the article, an attempt is made to study the names of tribes and tribes found in the song "Korkyt" in a linguistic context.
YASSAVITOLOGY AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY OF R.SYZDYK "THE LANGUAGE OF THE HIKMETS OF YASSAVI "
Authors: Sagidolda G. , Fazilzhanova A.
Published: January 2023

The article analyzes Yassawi research and research conducted by the scientist Rabiga Syzdyk in this direction, including the importance and role of the study «Yassawi Hikmetterinin tili» (The Language of the Hikmets of Yassavi) in science. The author reveals their essence using such concepts as «Yassavitology, Sufism, The Language of Hikmets, Tariqat. The tradition, experience of Sufi teaching, as well as the analysis and study of the conclusions of researchers belong to a very urgent problem in terms of the spiritual and religious needs of Kazakh Society of the XXI century, their recognition, study, work with the original. The article aims to formulate and substantiate the scientific and theoretical basis and significance of this problem using the " The Language of the Hikmets of Yassavi ", to identify the features of the study. The research work uses methods of comparison, analysis, description and control, and gives examples from the language of "Hikmets". As a result, it was concluded that it is necessary to identify the features of oral and written speech traditions of the people of that period, their influence on the heritage of Yassavi, as well as to determine the difference and continuity between the old language and the Kazakh language based on specific materials, and in this regard, R.Syzdyk's research works can serve as a very important scientific basis.
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİNİN GÜNCEL NORM DENETİMİ VE BİREYSEL BAŞVURU KARARLARI HAKKINDA GÖZLEMLER
Authors: ŞAHİN Battal Niyazi , KANADOĞLU Osman Korkut
Published: January 2023

Anayasa mahkemeleri norm denetimi ve bireysel başvuru yolunda

çeşitli ara karar türlerine imza atmaktadır. Alman Anayasa Mahkemesi

(FAYM) tarafından da bağdaşmazlık ve çağrı kararı olmak üzere iki

ara kararı türü geliştirilmiştir. Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin (AYM) de

norm denetimi ve bireysel başvuru yolunda geliştirmiş olduğu kimi

karar türleri bulunmaktadır. Bu incelemede AYM’nin son dönemde

norm denetimi yolunda verdiği “…yönünden iptal kararları” eleştirel bir

gözle değerlendirilmiştir. AYM, ihlalin sebebinin doğrudan kanundan

kaynaklanması durumunda ilgili kanunu iptal edebilme yetkisine sahip

değildir. Bu durum peşi sıra bir takım hukuki problemleri de meydana

getirmektedir. Türk Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin bireysel başvuru yolunda

ihlalin sebebinin doğrudan kanundan kaynaklanması durumunda vermiş

olduğu “TBMM’ye bildirim” karalarının nasıl nitelendirileceği de söz

konusu problemlerden birisidir. Bu doğrultuda FAYM’nin içtihat yoluyla

geliştirdiği çağrı ve bağdaşmazlık kararları önem kazanmaktadır. Makalede

FAYM’nin çağrı ve bağdaşmazlık kararları ile bildirim kararları arasında

bir mukayeseye gidilmiş ve AYM’nin bildirim kararlarının çağrı ya da

bağdaşmazlık kararı olarak nitelendirilip nitelendirilemeyeceği tartışılmıştır.
LİBERAL DEVLET ANLAYIŞINDA VERGİLENDİRME: AMERİKA BİRLEŞİK DEVLETLERİ FEDERAL YÜKSEK MAHKEME KARARLARINDA KONGRENİN VERGİLENDİRME YETKİSİNİN SINIRLARI
Authors: AYDIN Özgür , SCHRİJER Bilge Bingöl
Published: January 2023

Çalışma, liberal devlet anlayışında vergi müdahalelerinin hukuki

meşruiyetini tartışarak, Amerika Birleşik Devletler’inde Kongrenin

vergilendirme yetkisinin sınırlarına yönelik Federal Yüksek Mahkeme

kararlarını incelemektedir. Liberal devletlerde vergilendirme “kötü

ama gerekli” olarak görülmektedir. Öte yandan ABD bir federal devlet

olduğundan, ABD Anayasası’nda konu çoğu zaman federal devletin

yetkilerini aşıp aşmadığı üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Ancak yargı

kararlarındaki asıl mesele, “devletin insan yaşamına müdahale edebilme

kapasitesinin meşru sınırları” üzerinde şekillenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda

Federal Yüksek Mahkeme, Kongrenin vergilendirme ile ilgili anayasal

yetkilerinin sınırını tartışırken vergilendirmenin anlamı üzerinde de

durmaktadır. Mahkeme, kimi zaman vergilendirmeyi caydırıcı -hatta

kimi zaman cezalandırıcı- bir etki ortaya çıkartıp çıkartmaması ve gelir

oluşturma özellikleri üzerinden değerlendirmektedir. Ancak ABD

Federal Yüksek Mahkemesi vergilendirme yetkisi ile ilgili kesin anayasal

sınırlar çizmekten kaçınmakta ve meseleyi pragmatist bir yaklaşımla ele

almaktadır.
Outdoor air pollution and respiratory health
Authors: Maio S. , Sarno G. , Tagliaferro S. , Pirona F. , Stanisci I. , Baldacci S. , Viegi G.
Published: January 2023

The need to address the impact of air pollution on health is reinforced by recent scientific evidence and the 2021 WHO Air Quality Guidelines (AQG). Air pollution is an avoidable risk factor causing a high burden for society with elevated deaths, health disorders, disabilities and huge
socio-economic costs, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We have evaluated recent evidence from international reports, systematic reviews and official websites of international agencies. Growing evidence shows a causal relationship between air pollution exposure and acute lower
respiratory infections, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and lung cancer. Exposure to air pollution in both the short- and long-term has a serious impact on respiratory health. Harmful effects occur even at very low pollutant concentration levels, and there are no detectable thresholds
below which exposure may be considered safe. The adverse respiratory health effects of air pollutants, even at low levels, are confirmed by recent epidemiological studies. Scientific respiratory societies and patient associations, along with other stakeholders in the health sector, should
increase their engagement and advocacy to raise awareness of clean air policies and the latest WHO AQG.
Two dimensional trans-rectal ultrasonographic studies in early pregnant murrah buffaloes
Authors: SINGH GYAN , CHANDOLIA RAMESH KUMAR , DUTT RAVI , DALAL JASMER , SAINI ANIL , MALIK RAKESH KUMAR
Published: January 2023

Two dimensional ultrasonographic studies were conducted in six pregnant Murrah buffaloes using 5.0-7.5 MHz frequency rectal probe twice a week from day 18 to 60 days followed by weekly interval up to 90 days postin semination. Two dimensional images of antenatal fetal organs particularly fetal stomach, eye, limbs, heart, umbilical cord, thorax, liver and placentomes were imaged and variat ions in size of placentome, stomach and crown rump length were measured. Fetal heart beat was measured from day 26 to 90 which decreased with advancement of gestation. From the present study it may be concluded that early pregnancy can be diagnosed ultrasonogra phicallythrough trans-rectal approach by day 26 post insemination.
Effects of compaction pressure on the temperature distribution in bunker type silage silo
Authors: TAN FULYA , KAYISOGLU BIROL , OKUR ERSEN
Published: January 2023

The aim of the research has been to determine effects of compaction pressureon temperature distribution in the silage material in bunker silo.The pressure measurement systemdeveloped within the scope of this research was used to measure the pressure distribution in the silo. Hobo E-348-UA-002–08 model temperature sensors were also used for temperature measurements.The all sensors were positioned in the silo at predetermined points. Temperature and pressure values were recorded in a datalogger during ensiling, fermentation and after fermentation stages.The data collection system is based on a graphical programming language NI LabVIEW software and NI CompactDAQ hardware modules.Work machine having palette of which weight was 13700 kg has been used to compact of maize silage.The average temperature of silage in the silo was 23.35 °C during ensiling, 29.04 °C during fermentation and 23.45 °Cduring the after fermentation stage.The maximum pressure on the silage material was applied during storage with a mean value of 0.34 bar. The highest temperature and pressure wereon the line in thefront of the silo while the lowest temperature and pressure were in the close to the rear wall of the silo.The effect of compaction pressure applied during the ensiling stage also continued during the fermentation stage.It was determined that there is a relationship between the pressure applied to silage and temperature. Results showed that temperature in the silage has been increased with increasing compaction pressure.
Integrated management of litchi fruit and shoot borer (Conomorpha sinensis) using insect growth regulators under subtropics of Bihar
Authors: SRIVASTAVA KULDEEP , PATEL R K , KUMAR AMRENDRA , PANDEY S D , REDDY P V R , NATH VISHAL
Published: January 2023

A field trial was conducted consecutively for two years at ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi to develop Insect Growth Regulators based (IGRs) approaches for managing the litchi fruit and shoot borer (Conopomorpha sinensis; Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) a major pests of litchi causing economical loss. Studies revealed that T4 - novaluron 10 EC 0.015% recorded least infestation (9.62% and 4.70%) during early and mid stage which is closely followed by T2- diflubenzuron 25 WP 0.03% (9.87% and 5.73%). However, at harvest stage, T2 recorded the lowest borer infestation (12.39%) followed by T4 (13.67%) against highest borer infestation (59.35%) in control. Further, highest reduction of borer infestation over control was noticed in T4 (53.25% and 73.56%) followed by T2 (52.04% and 73.99%) during early stage and mid stage, respectively. At harvest stage, most of the treatments showed more than 75% efficacy on reduction in borer infestation over control. The highest reduction in borer infestation was found in T2 (80.65%) followed by T4 (77.50%). The least infested fruit (2.11 kg/tree) and highest healthy fruit (16.38 kg/tree) was recorded with T2 followed by T1 (14.99 kg/tree), T5 (14.46 kg/tree) and T4 (13.99 kg/tree) against lowest (4.14 kg/tree) in control. Similarly, reduction in fruit infestation over control calculated on weight basis was also highest in T2 (78.77%) followed by T1 (75.79%), T5 (73.85%) and T4 (73.33%).
Screening of weeds and their effect on alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: MSEDDI KHALIL , ALGHAMDI AHMED , SHARAWY SHARIF , IBRAHIM NASER
Published: January 2023

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) fed as hay to livestock, was the first forage crop in the Middle East and the Arabian Gulf countries, which contributed to the success of dairy industry. The invasion of alfalfa fields by weeds was found a serious problem for farmers since it tends to reduce the quality and the quantity of the crop. In this study, 60 weed plant species were found in 13 private fields in Hail region (Saudi Arabia). Invasive weeds reduce alfalfa yield from 22.66 to 11.94 t/ha after 5 years of culture. In the same period, weed density increased from 21.3 to 69 plants/m2.The family dominance index (FDI) shows that Poaceae, Asteraceae and Chenopodiaceae were the most abundant families in alfalfa fields. Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Portulaca oleracea L., Conyzabonariensis (L.) Cronquist, Malva parviflora L., Chenopodium murale L., Setaria verticillata (L.), P. Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop, Tribulus terrestris L., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Echinochloa colona (L.) Link. were the most abundant, frequent and noxious weeds in alfalfa fields according to their Total Relative Dominance (TRD). Theharmful effect of the most noxious weeds was reported.
Staying relevant - new ways to assess engineering aptitude
Authors: Isaac Philip , Bergsagel Dan
Published: January 2023

The skills required of engineers are changing. New technology and automation mean that fewer engineers are undertaking more – and more varied – work. What can we do to ensure that engineers with the right skills are encouraged into our industry today, and equipped for the industry of tomorrow? Engineering outreach initiatives are a widely accepted method of encouraging secondary school students to consider engineering for study or work. Initiatives organised at the national level tend to focus on maths and physics skillsets, as do careers advice within schools and university course entry requirements. Local-level outreach initiatives are beginning to focus on creativity, and the understanding of engineering behaviour. However, these skillsets are not currently easy to assess. By evaluating maths and physics skills only – a subset of engineering skills – we may discourage potentially suitable engineering applicants who have a wider range of well-developed skills, such as creativity or intuitive understanding of engineering behaviours. This article reviews existing methods of assessing creativity and the understanding of engineering behaviours, and proposes the development of a simple evaluation procedure that could be undertaken by outreach organisers on groups of secondary school students, before and after an engineering outreach initiative, to assess the effectiveness of the teaching within the initiative. The test also has potential additional applications, including to the general public, to whom engineers have often struggled to explain their jobs, and to younger students, long before they consider careers in any one subject. The assessment portion on understanding of engineering behaviours proposes an adaptation of the ‘Brohn test’ and the International Mathematical Kangaroo approach, with adaptations to avoid employing visual engineering jargon in the depiction of boundary conditions, and to favour strain-based problems. The creativity assessment portion proposes simple design brief questions, with the student response evaluated based on the identity Creativity = Usefulness × Novelty and a taxonomy of creative design, within a limited design period and with limited space to represent their design to the assessor.
(In)Security in Wi-Fi networks: a systematic review
Authors: Faíscas Diogo
Published: January 2023

Everyone wants to be connected to the internet at every second of their lives. Due to the ease and speed of access, Wi-Fi networks are the main internet connection point of users. The amount and coverage of Wi-Fi networks multiplies each passing day, as all the countries are now trying to give free Wi-Fi at public places. If we search for available networks anywhere with our phone, there will be very few places where there are not at least one or two networks available. In this paper we will do a systematic review of papers and literature indexed in Google Scholar; Research Gate or IEEE and on reliable webpages like Cisco, that analyze the risk to which Wi-Fi networks are exposed and why these networks are insecure. We will specially investigate the most used wireless security protocols like WEP; WPA; WPA2 or WPA3.
FrodoPIR: Simple, Scalable, Single-Server Private Information Retrieval
Authors: Davidson Alex , Pestana Gonçalo , Celi Sofía
Published: January 2023

We design FrodoPIR — a highly configurable, stateful, single-server Private Information Retrieval (PIR) scheme that involves an offline phase that is completely client-independent. Coupled with small online overheads, it leads to much smaller amortized financial costs on the server-side than previous approaches. In terms of performance for a database of 1 million 1KB elements, FrodoPIR requires < 1 second for responding to a client query, has a server response size blow-up factor of < 3.6x, and financial costs are ~$1 for answering 100,000 client queries. Our experimental analysis is built upon a simple, non-optimized Rust implementation, illustrating that FrodoPIR is particularly suitable for deployments that involve large numbers of clients.
Diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: a consensus statement from the Swiss Societies of Diabetes and Nephrology
Authors: Zanchi Anne , Jehle Andreas W. , Lamine Faiza , Vogt Bruno , Czerlau Cecilia , Bilz Stefan , Seeger Harald , De Seigneux Sophie
Published: January 2023

Diabetic kidney disease is highly prevalent in patients with type 2 diabetes and is a major cause of end-stage renal disease in Switzerland. Patients with diabetic kidney disease are among the most complex patients in diabetes care. They require a multifactorial and multidisciplinary approach with the goal to slow the decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiovascular morbidity. With this consensus we propose an evidence-based guidance to health care providers involved in the care of type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic kidney disease.

First, there is a need to increase physician awareness and improve screening for diabetic kidney disease as early intervention may improve clinical outcomes and the financial burden. Evaluation of estimated GFR (eGFR) and spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio is recommended at least annually.

Once it is diagnosed, glucose control and optimisation of blood pressure control with renin-angiotensin system blockers have been recommended as mainstay management of diabetic kidney disease for more than 20 years. Recent, high quality randomised controlled trials have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibition slows eGFR decline and cardiovascular events beyond glucose control. Likewise, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism with finerenone has cardiorenal protective effects in diabetic kidney disease. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) receptor agonists improve weight loss if needed, and decrease albuminuria and cardiovascular morbidity. Lipid control is also important to decrease cardiovascular events. All these therapies are included in the treatment algorithms proposed in this consensus.

With advancing kidney failure, other challenges may rise, such as hyperkalaemia, anaemia and metabolic acidosis, as well as chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder. These different topics and treatment strategies are discussed in this consensus. Finally, an update on diabetes management in renal replacement therapy such as haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation is provided.

With the recent developments of efficient therapies for diabetic kidney disease, it has become evident that a consensus document is necessary. We are optimistic that it will significantly contribute to a high-quality care for patients with diabetic kidney disease in Switzerland in the future.
Szubverzív anakronizmus a művészettörténetben
Authors: Sándor Hornyik
Published: January 2023

Subversive Anachronisms in Art History– The Case of Magical “Socialist” Realist Painting –
By using the term „subversive anachronism” I mean to invoke Georges Didi-Huberman’s concept of „sovereign anachronism”, which is itself the product of a montage of theories. Following Walter Benjamin and Aby Warburg, Didi-Huberman constructs the phenomenon of intellectual montage in the historical sense, which frees the concept of anachronism from its negative scientific connotations. In this spirit, anachronistic associations of artists, aesthetes and art historians can critique and destabilise the existing social, political and aesthetic order. Tibor Csernus and his best-known ‚followers’ in the history of Hungarian art, László Lakner and Gyula Konkoly, were described early in their careers as surrealist naturalists and magical realists, respectively. Magic realist painting is based on the hybridisation of different realities (real and fictitious), while Csernus, Lakner and Konkoly adapted the German and American magic realist painting of the interwar period to the Hungarian reality of socialist realism. In a superb and anachronistic way, this adaptation mixed together the ideologies and visual cultures of different periods and different chronotopes (early German Lowland painting, Dutch Baroque Realism, German and American Magical Realism between the two world wars, French Surrealism, American Abstract Expressionism and Pop Art, and Hungarian Socialist Realism)
Keywords: critical iconology, avant-garde, magical realism, montage, Aby Warburg, Georges Didi-Huberman, Tibor Csernus, László Lakner, Gyula Konkoly
Új formalizmus és irodalomtörténet-írás
Authors: Zsolt Komáromy
Published: January 2023

New Formalism and Literary History
The essay recites some of the problems attendant on the writing of history and how these appear in writing literary history. It traces the debate between formalist and contextualist approaches to differing views on the historicity of literature and suggests that the incompatibility of such views has been exaggerated. It does so by noting how some versions of “new formalism” and genre theory have recast the opposition between formal and contextual approaches and ponders how new formalist insights may contribute to new ways of writing literary history.
Keywords: literary history, historicity of literature, new formalism
Porphyromonas gingivalis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as combined factors of periodontitis
Authors: Emelyanov Dmitry , Petrushanko Tatyana , Emelyanova Nataliya
Published: January 2023

Purpose: This study is to determine the quantitative level of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in the periodontal pocket and its gingipain virulence factor in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Dental status, composition of P. gingivalis, and levels of gingipain and blood endotoxin were studied in patients with NAFLD and in a control group. The quantitative composition of P. gingivalis was determined by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method (qRT-PCR). Gingipain K concentration in oral fluid was determined by an immunoenzymatic method. Results: The level of individual oral hygiene in the NAFLD patients was found to be unsatisfactory. Structurally, periodontal pathology was represented mainly by chronic grade B periodontitis. When analysing the correlation interaction, a positive dynamic was found between P. gingivalis and the presence of generalized periodontitis (GP) (r=0.652; p=0.000) and between gingipain and GP (r=0.510; p=0.006). The endotoxemia value correlated positively with the quantitative index of P. gingivalis (r=0.695; p=0.004), which is explained by the fact that periodontopathogen endotoxin (LPS), when entering the vascular bed, increases the systemic endotoxin level in general. Inflammation-causing cytokines and LPS in NAFLD contribute to the formation of an anaerobic environment in the periodontium that favours the quantitative growth of P. gingivalis. Conclusion: The highest levels of P. gingivalis and gingipain were recorded in patients with NAFLD, which is consistent with a background of decreased periodontal adaptive capabilities. The P. gingivalis/gingipain correlation ratio can allow the dentist to monitor the treatment of periodontal patients.
Anxiety, Depression, and Delirium in Terminally Ill Cancer Patient
Authors: Villa García Ugarte Susana , Enrique Miranda Calderón Luis
Published: January 2023

Most terminally ill cancer patients present some degree of anxiety, depression, or delirium. In many cases family concerns, the prognosis of the disease, the type of treatment, and its adverse effects aggravate these emotional symptoms to the point of turning them into severe affective disorders which severely complicate their emotional state, their physical condition and their disposition and response to treatment. Although these are high prevalence disorders in terminally ill cancer patients, they often go undiagnosed and therefore do not receive treatment. An early diagnosis and adequate treatment, that includes emotional accompaniment, can greatly help to maintain the quality of life or even improve it and make these patients and their families move in a dignified way toward death. The scope of this chapter is to establish the presence of anxiety, depression and delirium in terminally ill cancer patients through scientific evidence; review the opinion of experts in the field on the most appropriate treatment, and the influence on the beneficial impact of interventions with family members or support people to ensure a more positive approach to the circumstances of these patients and serve as support for the treatment of medical personnel.
Perspective Chapter: Candida and Candidiasis – Recent Taxonomic Developments, Invasion Biology, and Novel Active Compounds
Authors: Askun Tulin
Published: January 2023

Candida spp. infections are most predominantly caused by Candida albicans, followed by C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis. Candida spp. can cause a wide range of serious infections. Recent studies indicate that this genus has approximately 200 species. Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida spp. Sexual reproduction gives eukaryotic organisms some advantages, such as producing adaptable fertility to changing environments and eliminating harmful mutations. Relationships between epithelial cells and Candida spp. include responses to medically important fungal pathogens. Infection by C. albicans, which has significantly high virulence due to its biofilm formation feature, is rather difficult to manage. Invasive candidiasis is a serious infection that can affect the blood, brain, eyes, bones, heart or other parts of the body. Understanding C. albicans invasion kinetics is crucial to controlling the pathogen’s intrusion into the cells. New and effective antifungal compounds are needed due to the limited number and competence of antifungal agents. The search for natural compounds with anti-candidiasis effects continues increasingly.
Perspective Chapter: Gamification – Pros and Cons
Authors: Rafael Narváez Carrión César , Mauricio Rosales Cevallos Marco
Published: January 2023

After the CoVid-19 pandemic lockdown occurred (2020–2021), there have been crucial changes in teaching-learning methodologies, mainly because of the emergency online education format, due to the high demand for online education formats. Long hours of learning in front of a screen besides the stressful environment surrounding the pandemic make it difficult to keep learning motivation high, which shows the need for an urgent change in instructional design. This change includes using interactive and participative methodologies for tackling the anxiety produced by the global health crisis. In this frame, gamification tools have emerged worldwide entailing significant benefits to education. Nevertheless, the overuse of technology can lead to several problems including physiological complications among other things, myopia, diabetes, and coronary disease risk (because of sedentariness) and even addiction. Finally, research proves that an adequate frame around technology use and games inclusion in learning can help diminish or even avoid social problems such as addiction and the resulting concentration problems. Furthermore, in the case of active video gaming, it might be advisable for alleviating sedentary habit-related diseases. Therefore, it is important to reflect on the use of games and its objectives for obtaining the best results from powerful strategic motivators.
Types and Function of Phytohormone and Their Role in Stress
Authors: Vaishnav Diksha , Chowdhury Parul
Published: January 2023

Plants require sunlight, water, oxygen, and minerals to grow and flourish. Along with the external environments, plant cell functioning is regulated by chemicals and plant hormones, also known as phytohormones or plant growth regulators (PGRs). Plant hormones are chemical substances, like signalling molecules found in plants at extremely low concentrations. Hormones such as auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid; salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and strigolactones are the classes of plant hormones playing vital role in plant. All these hormones are produced in practically every region of the plant and are distributed throughout the plant. Hormones, as well as external variables, play a vital role in processes such as vernalisation, phototropism, seed germination, and dormancy, because these hormones are responsible for translating the external signal into adaptive growth and developmental changes, that help plant to survive better. They also evolved as cellular signal molecules with important roles in the modulation of immunological responses to bacteria, insect herbivores, and beneficial microorganisms. Hence, plant hormones govern a variety of biological activities ranging from growth and development to biotic and abiotic responses. This chapter will focus on various classes of plant hormones and their role in growth and development along with the stress.