2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; First Aid Task Forces; and the COVID-19 Working Group
Authors: Wyckoff Myra H. , Singletary Eunice M. , Soar Jasmeet , Olasveengen Theresa M. , Greif Robert , Liley Helen G. , Zideman David , Bhanji Farhan , Andersen Lars W. , Avis Suzanne R. , Aziz Khalid , Bendall Jason C. , Berry David C. , Borra Vere , Böttiger Bernd W. , Bradley Richard , Bray Janet E. , Breckwoldt Jan , Carlson Jestin N. , Cassan Pascal , Castrén Maaret , Chang Wei-Tien , Charlton Nathan P. , Cheng Adam , Chung Sung Phil , Considine Julie , Costa-Nobre Daniela T. , Couper Keith , Dainty Katie N. , Davis Peter G. , de Almeida Maria Fernanda , de Caen Allan R. , de Paiva Edison F. , Deakin Charles D. , Djärv Therese , Douma Matthew J. , Drennan Ian R. , Duff Jonathan P. , Eastwood Kathryn J. , El-Naggar Walid , Epstein Jonathan L. , Escalante Raffo , Fabres Jorge G. , Fawke Joe , Finn Judith C. , Foglia Elizabeth E. , Folke Fredrik , Freeman Karoline , Gilfoyle Elaine , Goolsby Craig A. , Grove Amy , Guinsburg Ruth , Hatanaka Tetsuo , Hazinski Mary Fran , Heriot George S. , Hirsch Karen G. , Holmberg Mathias J. , Hosono Shigeharu , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Hung Kevin K.C. , Hsu Cindy H. , Ikeyama Takanari , Isayama Tetsuya , Kapadia Vishal S. , Kawakami Mandira Daripa , Kim Han-Suk , Kloeck David A. , Kudenchuk Peter J. , Lagina Anthony T. , Lauridsen Kasper G. , Lavonas Eric J. , Lockey Andrew S. , Malta Hansen Carolina , Markenson David , Matsuyama Tasuku , McKinlay Christopher J.D. , Mehrabian Amin , Merchant Raina M. , Meyran Daniel , Morley Peter T. , Morrison Laurie J. , Nation Kevin J. , Nemeth Michael , Neumar Robert W. , Nicholson Tonia , Niermeyer Susan , Nikolaou Nikolaos , Nishiyama Chika , O’Neil Brian J. , Orkin Aaron M. , Osemeke Osokogu , Parr Michael J. , Patocka Catherine , Pellegrino Jeffrey L. , Perkins Gavin D. , Perlman Jeffrey M. , Rabi Yacov , Reynolds Joshua C. , Ristagno Giuseppe , Roehr Charles C. , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Sandroni Claudio , Sawyer Taylor , Schmölzer Georg M. , Schnaubelt Sebastian , Semeraro Federico , Skrifvars Markus B. , Smith Christopher M. , Smyth Michael A. , Soll Roger F. , Sugiura Takahiro , Taylor-Phillips Sian , Trevisanuto Daniele , Vaillancourt Christian , Wang Tzong-Luen , Weiner Gary M. , Welsford Michelle , Wigginton Jane , Wyllie Jonathan P. , Yeung Joyce , Nolan Jerry P. , Berg Katherine M. , Abelairas-Gómez Cristian , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Beerman Stephen B. , Bierens Joost , Cacciola Sofia , Cellini Jacqueline , Claesson Andreas , Court Rachael , D’Arrigo Sonia , De Brier Niels , Dunne Cody L. , Elsenga Hylmar E. , Johnson Samantha , Kleven Gunn , Maconochie Ian , Mecrow Tom , Morgan Patrick , Otto Quentin , Palmieri Tina L. , Parnia Sam , Pawar Rahul , Pereira João , Rudd Sarah , Scapigliati Andrea , Schmidt Andrew , Seesink Jeroen , Sempsrott Justin R. , Szpilman David , Warner David S. , Webber Jonathon B. , West Rebecca L 
Published: November 2021

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.