bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Quinoline Compounds Using Supported Gold Catalysts.
Authors: Ren Dong , He Lin , Yu Lei , Ding Ran‐Sheng , Liu Yong‐Mei , Cao Yong , He He‐Yong , Fan Kang‐Nian
Published: March 2013

In contrast to established noble metal‐catalyzed reactions in which quinoline and its derivatives tend to act as catalyst poisons, this Au‐catalyzed reaction is promoted by quinolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Some New Quinoline Based Derivatives Endowed with Broad Spectrum Antimicrobial Potency.
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Rajpara Kiran M. , Joshi Vivek V.
Published: March 2013

Two novel series of quinoline derivatives substituted with thiazolylpyrazole (V) or pyrimidine moieties (XI) are synthesized (yields not given) and screened for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydroquinolines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 2‐Amidophenylmalonates with Allylic Bisacetates.
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Maeyama Yohei , Shishido Kozo
Published: March 2013

Depending on the substituents of the substrate this method yields either 2‐vinyl or 3‐vinyl tetrahydroyquinolines regioselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 4,6‐Diaryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidine‐2(1H)‐thiones in an Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Safaei‐Ghomi Javad , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad Ali
Published: March 2013

The present new synthesis of title compounds (III) gives higher yields in shorter reaction times than under conventional heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Oxindolylpyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines via a Three‐Component Sequential Tandem Reaction.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Azimi Seyyedeh Cobra
Published: March 2013

Key to the preparation of title compounds (IV), 16 examples, is a sequential pH variation.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition in a Series of 7‐Oxoalkyl‐1,3,7‐triazapyrenium Salts.
Authors: Borovlev I. V. , Demidov O. P. , Pisarenko S. V. , Nemykina O. A. , Saigakova N. A.
Published: March 2013

A series of new 7‐substituted triazapyrenium salts (III) is synthesized, which undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions with chalcones furnishing previously unknown pyrrolotriazapyrenes [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Syntheses of Aza[2,1‐b][1,3]‐benzothiazinone Heteropolycyclic Compounds from Cyclic Thiourea Catalyzed by Cu(I).
Authors: Chen Dingben , Wu Jiashou , Yang Jianguo , Huang Ling , Xiang Yubo , Bao Weiliang
Published: March 2013

Preliminary investigations with ester (I) and the corresponding carboxylic acid reveal that the yield is significantly decreased in the latter case.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Alkyl‐2‐(2‐oxoazepan‐1‐yl)‐2‐arylacetamide Derivatives via an Ugi Four‐Center, Three‐Component Reaction in Water.
Authors: Rasouli Mohammad Ali , Mahdavi Mohammad , Ranjbar Parviz Rashidi , Saeedi Mina , Shafiee Abbas , Foroumadi Alireza
Published: March 2013

The highly functionalized heterocyclic system is readily available in the absence of any catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthetic Pathway to the 1,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐3‐benzoxocine System from Morita—Baylis—Hillman Cinnamyl Alcohols with 2,5‐Dimethoxy‐2,5‐dihydrofuran via the Heck Reaction.
Authors: Ahn Sang‐Hyun , Kim Young Keun , Hyun Jina , Lee Kee‐Jung
Published: March 2013

Heck reaction of the precursor alcohols (III) with dihydrofuran (IV) represents the key step in the preparation of target compounds (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free, Visible Light‐Induced Borylation of Aryldiazonium Salts: A Simple and Green Synthetic Route to Arylboronates.
Authors: Yu Jian , Zhang Ling , Yan Guobing
Published: March 2013

The reaction is compatible with a range of functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Epoxy Ether Cleaving Reactions Catalyzed by Supporting Lewis Acidic Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Zhi Hui Zhen , Shi Hong Li , Hu Yun , Xia Ke Dan , Zhang Peng , Yang Jin Fei
Published: March 2013

Supported Et3NH+Cl proves to be the best catalyst from the economical point of view and its reusability for at least 7 cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Ethylene Glycol as Hydrogen Donor for the Syntheses of Thymol Analogues via Hydrolysis of 4‐Methylcoumarins.
Authors: Chang Junbiao , Wang Shuyang , Shen Zhenhua , Huang Gang , Zhang Yueteng , Zhao Jing , Li Changwei , Fan Fangfang , Song Chuanjun
Published: March 2013

Thymol structures are required for pharmaceutical studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleoside Phosphitylation Using Ionic Liquid Stabilized Phosphorodiamidites and Mechanochemstry.
Authors: Crossey Kerri , Hardacre Christopher , Migaud Marie E.
Published: March 2013

The purification is conducted by filtration.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Stilbenoids from Cajanus cajan.
Authors: Zhang Nen‐Ling , Zhu Yue‐Hui , Huang Ri‐Ming , Fu Man‐Qin , Su Zhi‐Wei , Cai Jia‐Zhong , Hu Ying‐Jie , Qiu Sheng‐Xiang
Published: March 2013

Cajanotone (I) and cajanamide A (II) are isolated from the leaves of title pea along with ten known stilbenoids and flavones.
ChemInform Abstract: The Defect Chemistry of Nitrogen in Oxides: A Review of Experimental and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Polfus Jonathan M. , Norby Truls , Haugsrud Reidar
Published: March 2013

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multi‐Component Oxide Nanosystems by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Related Routes: Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Bekermann Daniela , Barreca Davide , Gasparotto Alberto , Maccato Chiara
Published: March 2013

Review: 117 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Uranyl Bearing Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Speciation, and Solid‐State Structures
Authors: Andrews Michael B. , Cahill Christopher L.
Published: March 2013

Review: 127 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferromagnetism in Metal Oxide Systems: Interfaces, Dopants, and Defects
Authors: Thakare Vishal P. , Game Onkar S. , Ogale Satishchandra B.
Published: March 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Nanostructured Permanent Magnets Research
Authors: Poudyal Narayan , Liu J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 298 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Role of Solid State Chemistry in High Temperature Corrosion
Authors: Sequeira C. A. C.
Published: March 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Cyanoacetyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole — Effective Cyanoacetylating Agent and a New Building Block for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Chigorina E. A. , Dotsenko V. V.
Published: March 2013

Review: 113 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Bis‐β‐lactams by Ketene—Imine Cycloadditions
Authors: Tidwell Thomas T.
Published: March 2013

Review: 53 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in P2O5‐Catalyzed Organic Synthesis
Authors: Singh Maya Shankar
Published: March 2013

Review: 51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Early Transition Metal (Group 3‐5, Lanthanides and Actinides) and Main Group Metal (Group 1, 2 and 13) Catalyzed Hydroamination
Authors: Reznichenko Alexander L. , Hultzsch Kai C.
Published: March 2013

Review: 267 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methane: A New Frontier in Organometallic Chemistry
Authors: Cavaliere Vincent N. , Mindiola Daniel J.
Published: March 2013

Review: 163 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclo‐Release Strategy in Solid‐Phase Combinatorial Synthesis of Heterocyclic Skeletons
Authors: Mishra Bhuwan B. , Kumar Dhananjay , Mishra Amrita , Mohapatra Prabhu P. , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Electron‐Way: Metal‐Catalyzed Reductive Umpolung Reactions of Saturated and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Derivatives
Authors: Streuff Jan
Published: March 2013

Review: about 200 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiadiazole — A Promising Structure in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Li Yijing , Geng Jingkun , Liu Yang , Yu Shenghui , Zhao Guisen
Published: March 2013

Review: ca. 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Silica and Organosilica Materials — Review of Their Synthesis and Organic Functionalization
Authors: Asefa Tewodros , Tao Zhimin
Published: March 2013

Review: 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amphiphilic Systems Based on Polysaccharides Produced by Solid‐phase Synthesis ‐ A Review
Authors: Akopova T. A. , Demina T. S. , Zelenetskii A. N.
Published: March 2013

Review: 21 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Peptide Nucleic Acids with a Substituent in the N‐(2‐Aminoethyl)glycine Backbone
Authors: Sugiyama Toru , Kittaka Atsushi
Published: March 2013

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide‐Based Selective Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinase‐Mediated Activities
Authors: Ndinguri Margaret W. , Bhowmick Manishabrata , Tokmina‐Roszyk Dorota , Robichaud Trista K. , Fields Gregg B.
Published: March 2013

Review: 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stoichiometric and Catalytic Synthesis of Alkynylphosphines
Authors: Bernoud Elise , Veillard Romain , Alayrac Carole , Gaumont Annie‐Claude
Published: March 2013

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalation of Pyrrole
Authors: Kishbaugh Tara L. S.
Published: March 2013

Review: 107 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azide‐Alkyne Huisgen [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Using CuO Nanoparticles
Authors: Woo Hyunje , Kang Hyuntae , Kim Aram , Jang Seongwan , Park Ji Chan , Park Sungkyun , Kim Byeong‐Su , Song Hyunjoon , Park Kang Hyun
Published: March 2013

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Conjugated Macrocycles: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko
Published: March 2013

Review: 86 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions of 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes and 2‐Vinylbenzaldehyde with Unsaturated Compounds
Authors: Tanaka Ken
Published: March 2013

Review: 94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimethyl Carbonate as a Sacrificial Molecule for the Synthesis of 5‐Membered N‐ and O‐Heterocycles
Authors: Arico Fabio , Tundo Pietro
Published: March 2013

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Switchable Host‐Guest Interactions of Supramolecular Rings and Cages
Authors: Clever Guido H.
Published: March 2013

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Alkenylation of Arenes Through Twofold C—H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Ackermann Lutz
Published: March 2013

Review: 161 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation and Deoxygenation of Renewable with Rhenium Complexes
Authors: Korstanje Ties J. , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: March 2013

Review: 125 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Synthesis Through Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: March 2013

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Olefination of Carbonyl Compounds via Metal‐Catalyzed Carbene Transfer from Diazo Reagents
Authors: Hu Yang , Zhang X. Peter
Published: March 2013

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Pharma‐Sciences That Incorporate Non‐covalent Bonded Interactions
Authors: Nagao Yoshimitsu
Published: March 2013

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from the Genus Ligustrum
Authors: Gao Bei‐Bei , She Gai‐Mei , She Dong‐Mei
Published: March 2013

Review: 122 refs.
A Facile Removal of Phenol in Wastewater Using Crosslinked β‐Cyclodextrin Particles with Ultrasonic Treatment
Authors: Wang Haijun , Wang Youtao , Zhou Yuqing , Han Pingfang , Lü Xiaoping
Published: March 2013

A crosslinked β‐cyclodextrin polymer (β‐CD‐MDI), synthesized by the modification of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) with crosslinking reagent diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), was prepared and used as an adsorbent in the treatment of phenol wastewater ultrasonic aided. An infrared spectroscopy test was conducted to characterize β‐CD‐MDI. The adsorption capacity of phenol in wastewater was determined by assessing the corresponding parameters, such as the amount of adsorbent β‐CD‐MDI, the initial concentration of phenol, the influence of pH and ultrasonic intensity. The adsorption efficiency of β‐CD‐MDI is up to 87.3% with an amount of crosslinked polymer of 40 g/L, an initial phenol concentration of 100 mg/L and a wastewater pH of 6. The application of ultrasound can facilitate the purification of wastewater and reduce the adsorption time remarkably.
Dose Linearity of Glimepiride in Healthy Human Egyptian Volunteers
Authors: Helmy Sally A. , El Bedaiwy Heba M. , Mansour Noha O.
Published: March 2013

The present study was adopted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and dose linearity of glimepiride after administration of single oral doses of 1–6 mg glimepiride in an open‐label, five‐way crossover study. Twenty‐four healthy male Egyptian volunteers were given 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 mg of glimepiride on five occasions, and blood samples were collected over 24 hours. Plasma glimepiride concentrations were assayed by a validated reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection and the data were evaluated by non‐compartmental methods to determine pharmacokinetic parameters. The mean elimination half‐lives (t1/2) did not vary with the dose. The peak plasma levels (Cmax) and area under the plasma level versus time curve (AUC) data showed dose‐proportional response. The time to peak plasma concentration (tmax), mean residence time, oral clearance (Cl/F) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) were all similar regardless of the administered dose (P > .05). The 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of dose‐adjusted log transformed values of Cmax, AUC0–t, AUC0–∞, t1/2, and tmax fell within the range of 80–125%. These findings suggest that glimepiride disposition is linear over the dose range studied healthy human Egyptian volunteers.
Inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming by cytochalasin D is superior to paraformaldehyde fixation for measuring FRET between fluorescent protein‐tagged Golgi components
Authors: Poulsen Christian Peter , Vereb György , Geshi Naomi , Schulz Alexander
Published: March 2013

Protein–protein interaction at the organelle level can be analyzed by using tagged proteins and assessing Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between fluorescent donor and acceptor proteins. Such studies are able to uncover partners in the regulation of proteins and enzymes. However, any organelle movement is an issue for live FRET microscopy, as the observed organelle must not change position during measurement. One of the mobile organelles in plants is the Golgi apparatus following cytoplasmic streaming. It is involved in the decoration of proteins and processing of complex glycan structures for the cell wall. Understanding of these processes is still limited, but evidence is emerging that protein–protein interaction plays a key role in the function of this organelle. In the past, mobile organelles were usually immobilized with paraformaldehyde (PFA) for FRET‐based interaction studies. Here, we show that the actin inhibitor Cytochalasin D (CytD) is superior to PFA for immobilization of Golgi stacks in plant cells. Two glycosyltransferases known to interact were tagged with cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) and yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), respectively, coexpressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and analyzed using confocal microscopy and spectral imaging. Fixation with PFA leads to reduced emission intensity when compared to CytD treatment. Furthermore, the calculated FRET efficiency was significantly higher with CytD than with PFA. The documented improvements are beneficial for all methods measuring FRET, where immobilization of the investigated molecules is necessary. It can be expected that FRET measurement in organelles of animal cells will also benefit from the use of inhibitors acting on the cytoskeleton. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An adaptive power pricing scheme for improved fairness in energy‐constrained cooperative networks
Authors: Cui H. , Yu Y. , Zhong Q. , Zhang H.
Published: March 2013

This paper presents an adaptive power pricing scheme to address the fairness issue with relay selection and power allocation in decode‐and‐forward‐based opportunistic relaying networks, which is focused on the scenario where a distributed energy‐constrained cooperative communication system is employed over Rayleigh fading channels. Specifically, the proposed scheme is conducted analytically by obtaining the mathematical expression for the symbol error probability using the statistical characteristic of the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and it also takes the residual energy of nodes into consideration. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme has the advantage of better system reliability and further improves the throughput of the whole network compared with previous algorithms without considering fairness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of implementing the bethesda system for reporting of thyroid FNA at an academic center
Authors: Theoharis Constantine , Adeniran Adebowale J. , Roman Sanziana , Ann Sosa Julie , Chhieng David
Published: March 2013

Recently, a six‐tiered diagnostic risk classification system was created based on the recommendations of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored NCI Thyroid Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference at Bethesda, MD in October 2007. The objective of the current study was to compare the frequency distribution of the various diagnostic categories to evaluate its diagnostic performance before and after implementation of The Bethesda System (TBS). A total of 5,897 thyroid Fine needle aspirations (FNAs) were reviewed; 3,207 were from 2008 after TBS implementation, and 2,690 were from 2007 immediately before TBS implementation. Follow‐up consisted of reviewing corresponding histologic results. The rates of “Nondiagnostic” specimens and cases with a diagnosis of “Follicular Neoplasm” decreased from 13.1 to 11.1% and 8.6 to 5.5%, respectively, after implementation of TBS, while the rate of negative specimens increased from 68.2 to 73.8%. The other categories remained relatively stable. In addition, there also was a significant decrease in the use of noncommittal descriptive diagnoses. The diagnostic performance of thyroid FNA in identifying a neoplastic process as measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve increased from 0.88 to 0.89; the difference was statistically significant (P=0.03). Implementation of TBS showed a significant reduction of: nondiagnostic thyroid FNAs, of FNAs with a diagnosis of “Follicular Neoplasm,” as well as cases with descriptive noncommittal diagnoses. TBS results in improved diagnostic performance and therefore more consistent and uniform reporting of thyroid FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:858–863. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Detection of lung cancer using multiple genetic markers—a systematic review
Authors: Quintans Jullyana S. S. , Antoniolli Angelo R. , Onofre Fabiana M. B. , Onofre Alexandre Sherlley C.
Published: March 2013

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, and has one of the lowest survival rates of any solid tumor. In recent years, several attempts have been conducted to improve an early or accelerated diagnosis due to better overall prognosis after therapy. The aim of this study was evaluating the use of genetic markers for diagnosis of lung cancer. This study was conducted in accordance to Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses. Three Internet sources were used to search: MEDLINE‐PubMed, EMBASE, and LILACS. The databases were searched for studies conducted in the period up to and including May 10, 2011. The following inclusion criteria were applied: lung cancer studies, and the use of genetic markers for diagnosis. Studies using animal models, review articles, meta‐analyses, abstracts, conference proceedings, editorials/letters, case reports, incorrect study population, inadequate data, and cytology was not obtained, were excluded. A total of 1,901 abstracts/citations were identified for preliminary review. From 24 final selected studies, 17 referred to chromosomal markers diagnosis, eight to genes as marker, and one to both subjects. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was applied in all studies. Despite the limitations of this study, application of genetic markers to lung cancer diagnosis seems to have prognosis value irrespective of detection methodology used. FISH was the main technique applied to diagnose genetics alterations and revealed a high specificity, although some authors reported low sensitivity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013;41:834–842. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Livestock stations as foci of groundwater recharge and nitrate leaching in a sandy desert of the Central Monte, Argentina
Authors: Meglioli Pablo A. , Aranibar Julieta N. , Villagra Pablo E. , Alvarez Juan A. , Jobbágy Esteban G.
Published: March 2013

In arid ecosystems, evapotranspiration generally exceeds precipitation, preventing deep drainage and groundwater recharge. We propose that vegetation changes associated with the establishment of pastoralist settlements (i.e. livestock stations) can disrupt the ecological and hydrological linkages in arid groundwater‐coupled ecosystems of the Monte desert (Argentina), allowing local groundwater recharge and nitrate leaching to the aquifer, affecting groundwater quality. We tested this hypothesis by analysing vegetation, land use indicators, water and nitrate dynamics in three pairs of livestock stations and relatively undisturbed control woodlands. Livestock stations had lower vegetation and dead wood but higher dung covers than control woodlands, indicating soil and vegetation changes associated to land use. Water and nitrate dynamics were also affected by land use. Soil nitrate and water contents sampled down to the water table were higher, and soil chloride and salinity were lower in livestock stations, indicating higher water percolation and N input/transport rates. Higher groundwater nitrate concentrations in livestock stations indicate that these areas behave as foci of N and water export from ecosystems to the phreatic aquifer. Our study supports the idea that vegetation in arid areas prevents downward surface–groundwater interactions, but it also indicates that human modifications of vegetation disrupt this control, reducing soil water consumption and allowing vertical movement of water and solutes to the aquifer, which can modify groundwater quality. Disruptions of ecological processes by livestock activities clearly affect the hydrological links between surface and groundwater. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IRAK4 turns IL‐10+ phospho‐FOXO+ monocytes into pro‐inflammatory cells by suppression of protein kinase B
Authors: Over Benjamin , Ziegler Saskia , Foermer Sandra , Weber Alexander N.R. , Bode Konrad A. , Heeg Klaus , Bekeredjian‐Ding Isabelle
Published: March 2013

IRAK4, a serine/threonine kinase is a central adaptor protein in TLR signaling. To better understand the clinical significance of IRAK4 deficiency we examined the impact of IRAK4 on bacterial recognition in human monocytes. We show that IRAK4 knockdown modulates monocyte‐derived cytokine secretion in response to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, resulting in decreased IL‐12 and elevated IL‐10 production, a finding also reproducible with ligands for TLR2 and TLR4. In contrast, silencing of MyD88 leads to a complete loss of cytokine secretion, indicating that IRAK4 acts as a differential regulator of bacteria/TLR‐induced cytokine secretion downstream of MyD88. Further analysis revealed that this modulatory function results from IRAK4‐mediated suppression of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt). Release of suppression upon IRAK4 silencing (but not MyD88 knockdown) increases phosphorylation of PKB/Akt, counteracts NF‐κB activation and finally results in a monocyte phenotype with tolerogenic features, thus unleashing Akt‐ and mTOR‐dependent release of IL‐10, along with concomitant phosphorylation of FOXO transcription factors. In line with these observations IRAK4‐deficient monocytes failed to induce allogeneic CD8+ and CD4+ T‐cell responses, an effect reverted by neutralization of IL‐10. Taken together, our data highlight an unexpected role of IRAK4, Akt, and mTOR in the regulation of tolerance in human monocytes.
Hydroboration of Alkyne‐Functionalized 1,3,2‐Benzodiazaboroles
Authors: Weber Lothar , Eickhoff Daniel , Halama Johannes , Werner Stefanie , Kahlert Jan , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate
Published: March 2013

Reactions of equimolar amounts of dicyclohexylborane (DCB) with a series of 2‐alkynyl‐1,3‐diethyl‐1,3,2‐benzodiazaboroles R–C≡C–B(NEt)2C6H4 (1: R = nBu, 2: R = tBu, 3: R = Ph, 4: R = p‐Me2NC6H4, 5: R = p‐MeOC6H4) regioselectively afforded the 1,1‐diborylalkenes (Z)‐R(H)C=C{(B{NEt}2C6H4)B(c‐C6H11)2} (7a–11a) as the result of a cis‐addition of the BH bond of the borane to the C≡C triple bond in compounds 1 to 5. In contrast to this, reaction of Me3Si–C≡C–B(NEt)2C6H4 (6) with HB(c‐C6H11)2 yielded a 2.5:1 mixture of the 1,2‐diborylated alkene (Z)‐Me3Si{(c‐C6H11)2B}C=CHB(NEt)2C6H4 (12b) and the 1,1‐regioisomer (Z)‐Me3Si(H)C=C{B(NEt)2C6H4}{B(c‐C6H11)2} (12a). These results were rationalized by the differing π‐acceptor qualities of the benzodiazaborolyl and trimethylsilyl substituents at the C≡C triple bond in compounds 1 to 6. The novel products 7–12 were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, and 13C NMR). The molecular structures of 9b and 12b were substantiated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Effects of excess copper in vineyard soils on the mineral nutrition of potato genotypes
Authors: Farias Júlia G. , Antes Fabiane L. G. , Nunes Pedro A. A. , Nunes Sibila T. , Schaich Gabriel , Rossato Liana V. , Miotto Alcione , Girotto Eduardo , Tiecher Tadeu L. , Dressler Valderi L. , Nicoloso Fernando T.
Published: March 2013

The ecotoxicological effects of copper (Cu) are of global concern due to the intensive and long‐term application of Cu‐based fungicides, which may cause Cu to accumulate in the soil. Relative to the effects of other metals, comparatively little is known about the accumulation and translocation of Cu and its effects on other mineral nutrients in plants. This study determined the mineral nutrient distributions under Cu toxicity in potato genotypes differing in their efficiency of use and response to phosphorus (P). Plants were grown in vineyard soils with varied Cu soil levels (2, 5, 36, 67, 96, 270, and 321 mg/kg) during the fall and spring growing seasons. The increase of Cu concentrations in plant tissues was dependent on the external Cu concentrations, and the highest concentrations were observed in root and stolon tissues. The majority of the Cu taken up by the plants accumulated in the tubers. During the fall growing season, plants classified as NER (P‐nonefficient and P‐responsive) showed the highest sensitivity to excess Cu in terms of growth and nutrition. The plants showing responses to Cu toxicity included plants without expanded leaves and plants without tuber production, whereas genotypes classified as ENR (P‐efficient and P‐nonresponsive) were able to expand their leaves and produce tubers in all tested soils. Tissue P and Cu concentrations showed a strong correlation with high Cu concentrations in Cambisols, whereas Fe and K tissue concentrations were more strongly correlated with Cu levels in Ultisols. Our data suggest that the middle and apex leaves should be used to assess Cu toxicity in potato plants. This study also provides evidence of noncompetitive uptake of Cu and Fe by potato plants.
Simulation of the Navier–Stokes equations in three dimensions with a spectral collocation method
Authors: Subich Christopher J. , Lamb Kevin G. , Stastna Marek
Published: March 2013

This paper describes a nonlinear, three‐dimensional spectral collocation method for the simulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations under the Boussinesq approximation, motivated by geophysical and environmental flows. These flows are driven by the interaction of stratified fluid with topography, which this model accurately accounts for by using a mapped coordinate system. The spectral collocation method is implemented with both a Fourier trigonometric expansion and the Chebyshev polynomials, as appropriate for the domain boundary conditions. The coordinate mapping prohibits the use of existing, fast solution methods that rely on the separation of variables, so a preconditioner based on the approximate solution of a corresponding finite‐difference problem with geometric multigrid is used. The model is parallelized with the Message Passing Interface library, and it runs effectively on shared and distributed‐memory systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intensification of the Amazon hydrological cycle over the last two decades
Authors: Gloor M. , Brienen R. J. W. , Galbraith D. , Feldpausch T. R. , Schöngart J. , Guyot J.‐L. , Espinoza J. C. , Lloyd J. , Phillips O. L.
Published: March 2013

The Amazon basin hosts half the planet's remaining moist tropical forests, but they may be threatened in a warming world. Nevertheless, climate model predictions vary from rapid drying to modest wetting. Here we report that the catchment of the world's largest river is experiencing a substantial wetting trend since approximately 1990. This intensification of the hydrological cycle is concentrated overwhelmingly in the wet season driving progressively greater differences in Amazon peak and minimum flows. The onset of the trend coincides with the onset of an upward trend in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SST). This positive longer‐term correlation contrasts with the short‐term, negative response of basin‐wide precipitation to positive anomalies in tropical North Atlantic SST, which are driven by temporary shifts in the intertropical convergence zone position. We propose that the Amazon precipitation changes since 1990 are instead related to increasing atmospheric water vapor import from the warming tropical Atlantic.
Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling impairs the antiviral activity of interferon-alpha
Authors: Lupberger Joachim , Duong François H.T. , Fofana Isabel , Zona Laetitia , Xiao Fei , Thumann Christine , Durand Sarah C. , Pessaux Patrick , Zeisel Mirjam B. , Heim Markus H. , Baumert Thomas F.
Published: March 2013

Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) exhibits its antiviral activity through signal transducer and activator of transcription protein (STAT) signaling and the expression of IFN response genes (IRGs). Viral infection has been shown to result in activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)—a host cell entry factor used by several viruses, including hepatitis C virus. However, the effect of EGFR activation for cellular antiviral responses is unknown. Here, we uncover cross-talk between EGFR and IFN-α signaling that has a therapeutic effect on IFN-α-based therapies and functional relevance for viral evasion and IFN resistance. We show that combining IFN-α with the EGFR inhibitor, erlotinib, potentiates the antiviral effect of each compound in a highly synergistic manner. The extent of the synergy correlated with reduced STAT3 phosphorylation in the presence of erlotinib, whereas STAT1 phosphorylation was not affected. Furthermore, reduced STAT3 phosphorylation correlated with enhanced expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the presence of erlotinib and enhanced expression of the IRGs, radical S-adenosyl methionine domain containing 2 and myxovirus resistance protein 1. Moreover, EGFR stimulation reduced STAT1 dimerization, but not phosphorylation, indicating that EGFR cross-talk with IFN signaling acts on the STATs at the level of binding DNA.

Conclusions

: Our results support a model where inhibition of EGFR signaling impairs STAT3 phosphorylation, leading to enhanced IRG expression and antiviral activity. These data uncover a novel role of EGFR signaling in the antiviral activity of IFN-α and open new avenues of improving the efficacy of IFN-α-based antiviral therapies. (Hepatology 2013;58:1225–1235)
Future changes in low precipitation patterns projected by the super‐high‐resolution MRI‐AGCM3.1S and CMIP3 AOGCMs
Authors: Hishinuma Shiro , Takeuchi Kuniyoshi
Published: March 2013

This study assesses future changes in low precipitation patterns over land around the globe under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios A1B scenario. We use global precipitation data sets derived by the super‐high‐resolution Atmospheric General Circulation Model of the Japan Meteorological Agency and Meteorological Research Institute (MRI‐AGCM3.1S) and Atmospheric Ocean coupled General Circulation Models compiled in the phase 3 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 AOGCMs). The low precipitation patterns refer to the temporal and spatial distribution of annual minimum of accumulated precipitation over a given time interval using occurrence probability and observation windows in unfixed seasons. As for the low precipitation patterns, this study assesses low precipitation quantiles in six probability levels approximated by the Weibull distribution using annual minima of monthly accumulated precipitation over 1‐, 3‐, 6‐ and 12‐month time intervals. Also, low precipitation occurrence season were assessed from the centroid of the frequency distribution of the ending months with annual minima of the low precipitation over the four time intervals. The model capability of reproducing current low precipitation patterns was examined in reference to the global precipitation observation data set of VASClimO, from which MRI‐AGCM3.1S showed the best performance among all models. The MRI‐AGCM3.1S projections, as well as the multi‐model ensemble mean calculated over 16 GCMs, indicate that 0.1 probability low precipitation quantiles in 3‐ and 6‐month intervals would decrease by 10 to 50% in Mexico, southern Brazil, southern Argentina, Mediterranean area and southern Africa with high model consistency. The projected shifts in low precipitation occurrence seasons were of concern; however, they show a considerable degree of uncertainty with low model consistency. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calcitonin: Physiology or fantasy?
Authors: Davey Rachel A , Findlay David M
Published: March 2013

Calcitonin, a potent hypocalcemic hormone produced by the C-cells of the thyroid, was first discovered by Harold Copp in 1962. The physiological significance of calcitonin has been questioned, but recent studies using genetically modified mouse models have uncovered additional actions of calcitonin acting through its receptor (CTR) that are of particular significance to the regulation of bone and calcium homeostasis. Mice in which the CTR is deleted in osteoclasts are more susceptible to induced hypercalcemia and exogenous calcitonin is able to lower serum calcium in younger animals. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that calcitonin can regulate serum calcium by inhibiting the efflux of calcium from bone, and that this action is most important when bone turnover is high. Calcitonin has also been implicated in protecting the skeleton from excessive loss of bone mineral during times of high calcium demand, such as lactation. This action may be linked to an intriguing and as yet unexplained observation that calcitonin inhibits bone formation, because deletion of the CTR leads to increased bone formation. We propose several mechanisms by which calcitonin could protect the skeleton by regulating bone turnover, acting within the bone and/or centrally. A new more holistic notion of the physiological role of calcitonin in bone and calcium homeostasis is required and we have highlighted some important knowledge gaps so that future calcitonin research will help to achieve such an understanding. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Upregulation of calcitriol during pregnancy and skeletal recovery after lactation do not require parathyroid hormone
Authors: Kirby Beth J , Ma Yue , Martin Heather M , Buckle Favaro Kerri L , Karaplis Andrew C , Kovacs Christopher S
Published: March 2013

Pregnancy invokes a doubling of intestinal calcium absorption whereas lactation programs skeletal resorption to provide calcium to milk. Postweaning bone formation restores the skeleton's bone mineral content (BMC), but the factors that regulate this are not established. We used Pth-null mice to test whether parathyroid hormone (PTH) is required for postweaning skeletal recovery. On a normal 1% calcium diet, wild-type (WT) and Pth-null mice each gained BMC during pregnancy, declined 15% to 18% below baseline during lactation, and restored the skeleton above baseline BMC within 14 days postweaning. A 2% calcium diet reduced the lactational decline in BMC without altering the gains achieved during pregnancy and postweaning. The hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia of Pth-null mice normalized during lactation and serum calcium remained normal during postweaning. Osteocalcin and propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) each rose significantly after lactation to similar values in WT and Pth-null. Serum calcitriol increased fivefold during pregnancy in both genotypes whereas vitamin D binding protein levels were unchanged. Absence of PTH blocked a normal rise in fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) during pregnancy despite high calcitriol. A 30-fold higher expression of Cyp27b1 in maternal kidneys versus placenta suggests that the pregnancy-related increase in calcitriol comes from the kidneys. Conversely, substantial placental expression of Cyp24a1 may contribute significantly to the metabolism of calcitriol. In conclusion, PTH is not required to upregulate renal expression of Cyp27b1 during pregnancy or to stimulate recovery from loss of BMC caused by lactation. A calcium-rich diet in rodents suppresses skeletal losses during lactation, unlike clinical trials that showed no effect of supplemental calcium on lactational decline in BMC.
Chd4 and associated proteins function as corepressors of Sox9 expression during BMP-2–induced chondrogenesis
Authors: Sun Fenyong , Yang Qingyuan , Weng Wenhao , Zhang Yue , Yu Yongchun , Hong An , Ji Yuhua , Pan Qiuhui
Published: March 2013

Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) differentiate into fully functional chondrocytes in response to bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). However, the comprehensive proteomic aspect of BMP-2–induced chondrogenesis remains unknown. We took advantage of quantitative proteomic analysis based on isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) and on-line 2D nano-liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) to identify proteins differentially expressed during BMP-2–induced chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs. We found 85 downregulated proteins, and ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) revealed a protein-protein network with chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 (Chd4) in the center. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and nuclease hypersensitivity assays showed that Chd4, interacting with Hdac1/2, cooperates with its related proteins Kap1 and Cbx1 to bind at −207/−148 of the Sox9 promoter. We also provided evidence that let-7a targets the 3'UTR of Chd4 to promote chondrogenesis of MEFs. Together, our findings indicate that BMP-2 induced the upregulation of let-7a, targeting Chd4 and positively controlling the chondrogenic differentiation of MEFs. These findings illustrate epigenetic regulation of the chondrogenic differentiation process and also expand the understanding of the involved intracellular mechanisms.
Cross‐section metal sample preparations for transmission electron microscopy by electro‐deposition and electropolishing
Authors: Niu Rongmei , Han Ke
Published: March 2013

A cross‐section sample preparation technique is described for transmission electron microscopy studies of metallic materials. The technique uses jet electro‐polishing for the final perforation. Examples are provided of using this technique for copper‐support/copper‐films/copper‐support multilayer structures, grown by electro‐deposition. The samples prepared by our current technique are compared with the ones made by ion‐milling. The technique is also applicable to materials which are susceptible to ion beam and thermal damages. Microsc. Res. Tech. 76:476–480, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activities of Novel 3‐(α‐Hydroxymethylene) pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dione Derivatives Containing a Cyclopropane Moiety
Authors: Zhu You‐quan , Zhang Jin , Yuan Yan‐wei , Xie Li‐fen , Xu Hai‐zhen , Zou Xiao‐mao , Yang Hua‐zheng
Published: March 2013

A variety of novel 3‐(α‐hydroxymethylene)pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives containing a cyclopropane moiety were designed and synthesized in satisfactory yields. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and HRMS. The bioassays indicated that most of the title compounds displayed some extent herbicidal activities at 100 mg/mL.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Herbicidal Activities of New 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles, 1,3,4‐Thiadiazoles, and 1,2,4‐Triazoles Derivatives Bearing (R)‐5‐Chloro‐3‐fluoro‐2‐phenoxypyridine
Authors: Kalhor Mehdi , Dadras Akbar
Published: March 2013

Synthesis of some novel 1,2,4‐triazoles, 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles bearing a (R) 5‐(1‐(4‐(5‐chloro‐3‐fluoropyridin‐2‐yloxy)phenoxy)ethyl) unit, as a moiety of commercial herbicide, using their thiosemicarbazides in an alkaline, iodine and acidic media is reported, respectively. The structure of the synthesized compounds was characterized by IR, 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopic data, and elemental analyses. The herbicidal activities of synthesized compounds were evaluated against Echinochloa cruss‐galli, Avena fatua, and Sorgum halepense weeds. Compounds 7 and 12a showed potential herbicidal activity against gramineous weeds. Our results may provide some guidance for synthesis development of some novel oxa or thiadiazole and triazole‐based herbicidal lead structures.
A Mixed Contract with Alternative Performance Measures in a Multitask Agency
Authors: Chao Hong , Siqueira Kevin
Published: March 2013

We compare the impact of two different mixed contracts on agent efforts when production depends on agent efforts at their own tasks as well as at helping others. The first contract combines compensation based on team output with that of a tournament where the bonus award is based on a ranking of individual output. The second contract also combines team output compensation with that of tournament except that the bonus award is based upon a relative ranking of an index constructed of alternative performance measures. We show that the latter contract can lead to higher levels of welfares than the former one. We also show that if the weights are properly constructed, the alternative contract can prompt agents into choosing first‐best levels of effort. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk factors for hallucinations in Parkinson's disease: Results from a large prospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Kangdi , van Hilten Jacobus J. , Putter Hein , Marinus Johan
Published: March 2013

The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of hallucinations in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). A broad range of motor and nonmotor features was assessed at baseline and during the following 5 years in 386 PD patients. Cross‐sectional analyses of baseline data and longitudinal analyses of follow‐up data were performed to identify risk factors for hallucinations in PD. Twenty‐one percent of the patients had hallucinations at baseline, whereas 46% of the patients without hallucinations at baseline developed this feature during follow‐up. Univariate survival analysis showed that older age, female sex, less education, higher age at onset, and more severe motor and cognitive impairment, depression, daytimes sleepiness, autonomic dysfunction, and motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, as well as higher daily levodopa dose, were associated with the risk of developing hallucinations. This largely corresponds with the features that were associated with the presence of hallucinations at baseline. In a stepwise regression model, older age at onset, female sex, excessive daytime sleepiness, autonomic dysfunction, and dyskinesias emerged as independent risk factors for developing hallucinations. Female sex, autonomic dysfunction, motor fluctuations, and dyskinesias have not been reported as risk factors in previous studies. These findings lend support to the notion that hallucinations in PD are caused by a combination of risk factors that are associated with (the interaction between) older age and more advanced disease. The identification of female sex as a risk factor for developing of hallucinations in PD is a new finding and should be verified in future studies. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term effects of weight loss after bariatric surgery on functional and structural markers of atherosclerosis
Authors: Tschoner A. , Sturm W. , Gelsinger C. , Ress C. , Laimer M. , Engl J. , Laimer E. , Mühlmann G. , Mittermair R. , Kaser S. , Tilg H. , Ebenbichler C.F.
Published: March 2013

Objective: Pronounced weight loss after bariatric surgery was demonstrated to have significant beneficial effects on surrogates of early atherosclerosis. The aim of this prospective examination was to investigate whether these improvements of endothelial function and vascular structure are persistent in the long‐term.

Design and Methods: A total of 52 obese adults were examined before and 5 years after bariatric surgery. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT), brachial flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), abdominal fat distribution, and metabolic parameters were determined. Additional 18 months data were available from 27 patients.

Results: After 5 years, mean weight loss ± SD of 25% ± 12 in all subjects was accompanied by known improvements in metabolism. Change in IMT was −0.02 mm ± 0.007, whereas FMD improved by +1.5% ± 0.5. In the subgroup IMT decreased by 0.04 mm ± 0.06 within the first 18 months, whereas no significant change was observed between 18 month and 5 years. FMD improved by 3.8% ± 0.6 after 18 months followed by a nonsignificant decrease of −1.4% ± 0.9.

Conclusions: These long‐term results demonstrate that bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss improves both functional and structural markers of early atherosclerosis providing further evidence for the beneficial effects of weight loss on obesity‐associated alterations of the vasculature.
Development and validation of the weight control strategies scale
Authors: Pinto Angela Marinilli , Fava Joseph L. , Raynor Hollie A. , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Wing Rena R.
Published: March 2013

Objective

To develop and validate the Weight Control Strategies Scale (WCSS), a self‐report instrument to assess the use of specific behaviors thought to facilitate weight loss.

Design and Methods

Factor analysis was conducted on 323 overweight and obese adults (mean age = 48.7 ± 10.9 years, mean body mass index = 35.4 ± 4.9 kg/m2, 74% female) enrolled in three different behavioral weight loss trials who completed the WCSS prior to starting treatment. To evaluate construct validity, additional data on dietary intake, physical activity, treatment session attendance, and weight change were obtained from a subsample of participants before and after participation in a 48‐week weight loss program.

Results

Principal components analysis with varimax rotation revealed a four‐component solution for the WCSS, representing the following subscales: Dietary Choices, Self‐monitoring Strategies, Physical Activity, and Psychological Coping (α from 0.79 to 0.89). Longitudinal analyses showed that WCSS subscale scores increased during treatment (P < 0.01). In adjusted models, changes in WCSS total and subscale scores were associated with post‐treatment weight loss (P < 0.01). Additionally, changes in WCSS Dietary Choices and Physical Activity subscales were related to post‐treatment changes in total daily kilocalorie consumption (P = 0.019) and weekly kilocalorie expenditure through physical activity (P < 0.001), respectively.

Conclusions

Findings support the validity and reliability of the WCSS in a weight loss treatment–seeking sample.