bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16s rRNA gene for Differentiation from Other Pseudomonas Species that isolated from Patients and environment
Authors: Altaai Mohammed E. , Aziz Ismail H , Marhoon Abeer A.
Published: March 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common and major opportunistic human pathogen, its causes many and dangersinfectious diseases due to death in some timesex: cystic fibrosis , wounds inflammation , burns inflammation , urinary tract infection , other many infections otitis external , Endocarditis , nosocomial infection and also causes other blood infections (Bacteremia). thereforebecomes founding fast and exact identification of P. aeruginosafrom samples culture very important.However, identification of this species may be problematic due to the marked phenotypic variabilitydemonstrated by samples isolates and the presence of other closely related species. To facilitate species identification, we used 16S ribosomal DNA(rRNA) sequence data toidentify genus- and species-specific 16S rRNA signature sequences,its account a stable part of the geneticcode. Based on these sequences we designed simple, rapid, and accurate PCR assays that allow the differentiation of P. aeruginosa from Pseudomonas species and other pathogen genus ,also this test considered as the most specific than the other diagnostic tests like API (20) which give 70% while the 16SrRNA test give more than 90 %.
Gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups in Sabians (Mandaeans), Iraq
Authors: Alubadi Alia E. M. , Salih Asmaa M. , Alkhamesi Maisam B. N. , Ali Noor J
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group antigens among Sabians (Mandaeans) population. This paper document the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among the Sabians (Mandaeans) population of Iraq.There is no data available on the ABO/Rh (D) frequencies in the Sabians (Mandaeans) population. Total 341 samples analyzed; phenotype O blood type has the highest frequency 49.9%, followed by A 28.7%, and B 13.8% whereas the lowest prevalent blood group was AB 7.6%. The overall phenotypic frequencies of ABO blood groups were O>A>B>AB. The allelic frequencies of O, A, and B alleles were 0.687, 0.2 and 0.1122 respectively.
Rhesus study showed that with a percentage of 96.2% Rh (D) positive is by far the most prevalent, while Rh (d) negative is present only in 3.8% of the total population. The Sabians (Mandaeans) ethnic group showed the same distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups with others ethnic groups in Iraqi population.
Determination of total phenol, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum
Authors: Salim Farah D. , Ahmed Sundus H. , Abd Anaam M. , Skben Shatha Z. , Ramadhan Nuha AZ.
Published: March 2024

The present study investigated the total content of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of water extracts oat (Avena sativa) and basil (Ocimum basilicum), medicinal plants. The Folin-ciocalteu reagent assay was used to estimate the total phenolic content of plants extract. The antioxidant capacity of the plants extract was tested by ferric reducing/antioxidant power Assay (FRAP) and ferric reducing scavenging activity using DPPH method, and the antimicrobial activity was measured against [Staphylococcus epidermidis; Staphylococcus aureus; Proteus spp.; Klebsiella spp.; Escherichia coli; Candida albicans] as tester strains. The total phenolic content of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum extracts revealed that the mixture of plants showed higher content. The mixture of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum extracts showed the highest antioxidant capacity followed by Avena sativa extract and Ocimum basilicum extract with FRAP and DPPH assay. However, mixture of Avena sativa and Ocimum basilicum extracts exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity when compared to the other extracts. Thus the study revealed that the consumption of mixture herbs may enhance the immune power of our body against diseases due to free radicals.
On Higher N-Derivation Of Prime Rings
Authors: Faraj Anwar K. , Majeed Abdulrahman H.
Published: March 2024

The main purpose of this work is to introduce the concept of higher N-derivation and study this concept into 2-torsion free prime ring we proved that:Let R be a prime ring of char. 2, U be a Jordan ideal of R and be a higher N-derivation of R, then , for all u U , r R , n N .
The construction of Complete (kn,n)-arcs in The Projective Plane PG(2,5) by Geometric Method, with the Related Blocking Sets and Projective Codes
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Amal SH , Hassan Umniyat A.
Published: March 2024

A (k,n)-arc is a set of k points of PG(2,q) for some n, but not n + 1 of them, are collinear.
A (k,n)-arc is complete if it is not contained in a (k + 1,n)-arc.
In this paper we construct complete (kn,n)-arcs in PG(2,5), n = 2,3,4,5, by geometric method, with the related blocking sets and projective codes.
A Proposed Agent System for Network Monitoring
Authors: Majeed Rana H.
Published: March 2024

The traditional centralized network management approach presents severe efficiency and scalability limitations in large scale networks. The process of data collection and analysis typically involves huge transfers of management data to the manager which cause considerable network throughput and bottlenecks at the manager side. All these problems processed using the Agent technology as a solution to distribute the management functionality over the network elements. The proposed system consists of the server agent that is working together with clients agents to monitor the logging (off, on) of the clients computers and which user is working on it. file system watcher mechanism is used to indicate any change in files. The results were presented in real time which is minimizing the cost that represents the important factor to successful management of networks that was achieved using agents.
Spectrophotometric Analytical method for Determination the Drug Compound Salbutamol by using Prussian blue Complex
Authors: Znad Duraid E. , Mohamad Jinan H. , Mutlag Abdulla S. , Ammen Eman W.
Published: March 2024

This research aims to develop new spectrophotometric analytical method to determine drug compound Salbutamol by reaction it with ferric chloride in presence potassium ferricyanide in acid median to formation of Prussian blue complex to determine it by uv-vis spectrophotmetric at wavelengths rang(700-750)nm .
Study the optimal experimental condition for determination drug and found the follows:
1- Volume of(10M) H2SO4 to determine of drug is 1.5 ml .
2- Volume and concentration of K3Fe(CN)6 is 1.5 ml ,0.2% .
3- Volume and concentration of FeCl3 is 2.5ml , 0.2%.
4- Temperature has been found 80 .
5- Reaction time is 15 minute .
6- Order of addition is (drug + K3Fe(CN)6+ FeCl3 + acid) .
Concentration rang (0.025-5 ppm) , limit detection(0.02)ppm . The method was applied successfully to determine the drug in tablet pharmaceutical preparation by use direct calibration curve and standard addition curve the recovery was 98.5% .
Metabolic Disturbances of Phosphate in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hasan Bushra F , Salman Isam N , AL-Temimi Amal F.H.
Published: March 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome MS a cluster of disorders comprising obesity (central and abdominal), dyslipidaemias, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance (or hyperinsulinaemia) and hypertension – is highly predictive of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. It should be emphasized that the metabolic syndrome is a syndrome and not a disease.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the levels of serum phosphate in different levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome MS and Correlation between serum phosphate levels with metabolic syndrome components. The study was carried out at the National diabetes Center (NDC) /AL-Mustansiryia University ,the period from (Desmber.2011 – May 2012) One hundred forty (140) Iraqi individuals enrolled in the study (100 subject diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome and 40 as control group).
The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. The results of the serum phosphate concentrations in both groups showed that subjects with metabolic syndrome had significantly lower phosphate concentrations 1.52 mg/dl compared with that of control 2.29 mg/dl P?0.0001.
The clinical significance of these electrolyte disturbances, as one of the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. In addition this electrolyte imbalance may have a role in prevention and or treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
The synergistic effect of Zeolites type (?) with chlorinated rubber as flame retardants for unsaturated polyester resin
Authors: Ugal Jalil R. , Mahdi Zahraa Q.
Published: March 2024

In this work, the synergistic effect of chlorinated rubber (additive I),with zeolite 3A (additive II), zeolite 4A (additive III), and zeolite 5A (additive IV) in (1:1) weight percentage, on the flammability for unsaturated polyester resin was studied in the weight ratios for (3,7,10,13&15%) by preparing films of (130×130×3) mm in diameters. Three standard test methods used to measure were the flame retardation which are; ASTM: D-2863, ASTM: D- 635& ASTM: D-3014.
Results obtained from these tests indicated that all of the additives were effective additive IV has the highest efficiency as a flame retardant.
Evaluation of the Organic-Pollution Based on the Determination of some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs) in Tigris River Water in 2012 at Baghdad City , Iraq
Authors: Al-Rubaie Kamal H. , Fenjan Abdel-Amir M. , Mahmood Wasan A.
Published: March 2024

This study aims to predict the organic pollution produced from the presence of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and determination it's concentrations (µg/L , ppb) in Tigris river water by a collection twenty-seven water samples from a selected three stations with nine sampling sites and three depths of water (5 cm , 2 m and 4 m) each site for 4.6 km distance of a geographic studied area which is located between the ( Al-Senak and AL-Sarrafiah bridges ) at Baghdad city – Iraq on May, 2012. The geographic location was determined with a Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) software program. The concentrations of fourteen components (PAHs) were performed using the reverse phase of high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique. Samples were chemically treated using liquid-liquid extraction method , filtered , extracted , dried , evaporated and pre-concentrated in order to be ready for analysis . The determined concentrations of (PAHs) for the studied area did exceed the criteria values proposed by the International Environmental Organizations like American Environment Protection Agency (U.S-EPA) and British Health Agency (BHA) . The results were showed that the maximum values of the total concentrations (PAHs) were found to be 228 µg/L (5 cm depth , site F, Medicine city station , Al-Resafa bank) , 192.1 µg/L (2 m depth , site D , Medicine city station , Al-Karkh bank) and 80.1 µg/L (4 m depth , site D , Medicine city station , Al-Karkh bank) , while the minimum values were found to be be 51.2 µg/L (5 cm depth , site I, Al-Sarrafia bridge station , Al-Resafa bank) , 33.4 µg/L (2 m depth , site G , Al-Sarrafia bridge station , Al-Karkh bank) and 4.8 µg/L (4 m depth , site G , Al-Sarrafia bridge station , Al-Karkh bank) .
Synthesis and characterization of new Oxazine , Thiazine and Pyrazol derived from chalcones
Authors: Sallal Zainab Amer
Published: March 2024

In this study, chalcones were synthesis by condensing 2-acetylpyridine with aromatic aldehyde derivatives in dilute ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution at room temperature according to Claisen-Schmidt condensation. After that, new heterocyclic derivatives such as Oxazine, Thiazine and Pyrazol were synthesis by reaction between chalcones with urea, thiourea and hydrazine hydrate respectively scheme 1. All these compounds wrer characterization by FTIR, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Synthesis of Some new 2-(4-Aryliminophenoxy)N-Arylacetamide Via p-hydroxy benzaldehyde.
Authors: Mauf Ruwa M. , Sultan Asmaa H. , Farag AmeeraM
Published: March 2024

Chloroacetamide derivatives (2a-g) have been prepared through reaction of chloroacetyl chloride(1) (which prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with thionyl chloride) with primary aromatic amines and sulfa compounds to afford compounds (2a-g) which then reacted with p-hydroxy benzaldehyde via Williamson reaction to obtaine the new compounds 2-(4-formyl phenoxy)-N-aryl acetamide (3a-g). Finally , compounds (3a-g) will be use as a good synthon to prepare the Schiff bases represented by compounds 2-(4-aryliminophenoxy)-N-arylacetamide (4a-g). through , reaction with some primary aromatic amine. All the prepared compounds were investigated by the available physical and spectroscopic methods.
Effect Study the of Acute toxoplasmosis on Some Blood and Serum Parameters in Pregnant Women in Baghdad City
Authors: Hamad Hanaa K.
Published: March 2024

In this study the rate of infection in acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii parasite that causes toxoplasmosis was determined. This study was Included 120 blood samples that collected from pregnant women revisions to some clinics and laboratories in Baghdad civil as well as 10 blood samples from non-infected women as a control group. All blood samples were collected in the first three months of the pregnancy period for detection toxoplasmosis by using serological tests of test kit ( Toxo , IgG.,Toxo , IgM ). To detect antibodies specialized type of IgG &IgM in acute and the chronic infection by Electro Clia manner using a Roche Cobas e411. The results showed that the total infection rate was (55.83)%, the rate of infection in acute (17.5)% While the rate of chronic infection was (38.33)%. As the results of the study showed that rate of acute infection of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women was significant decrease occurs when the level of probability of < 0.05 in glucose sugar levels, and a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and red blood cells, platelets and the high number of white blood cells when compared with the control group .
Dispersal and Development of Powdery Mildew Disease Caused by Oidiopsis haplophylli on Ornamental Plants (Nasturtium) Tropaeolum majus L. in Baghdad
Authors: Abd-AI-Razak Jinan K. , Kuthair Wadeja M.
Published: March 2024

This study wass carried out to investigate the incedence of powdery mildew disease on ornamental plants (Nasturtium) Tropaeolum majus L. caused by Oidiopsis haplophylli in some nurseries of Baghdad area and in fields at college of Agriculture /University of Baghdad. This study was conducted in tow succesive seasons of 2011-2012 (April and May). The survey indicated that the Mildew disease existe in the following nurseries (Al-Adhamiya 97.5% ,Palestine street 93.8%, Zayouna 86.0%, and 100% in two fields at college of Agriculture. It has been found that the disease severity was developed in Agriculture college fields successively from 12-4-2011 to 20-5-2011 and from 12-4-2012 to 20-5-2012 (18.0–98.0 % and 22.7–96.0% )for the two seasons respectively. The records were followed for six times at interval of 7 days.
Study the Inhibitory effect of Rose and blossom bitter orange flowers extracts against different types of bacteria isolated from the oral cavity
Authors: Ibrahim Israa A , Abdullah Rana M.
Published: March 2024

The study in duded isolation and identification of microbial isolates from oral cavity to 10 volunteers, diagnosed within the three groups: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus spp. and Candida albicans .
The sensitivity test of all isolates bacteria Streptococcus spp. , S. aureus and S. epidermidis showed high resistance to Ampicillin(100)%,followed Methicillin (88.88)% and Amoxicillin / clavulanic acid(77.77)%, while the resistance for each of Vancomycin and Amoxicillin were (66.66)%, and the resistance to Erythromycin and Pencillin (55.55)% to each of them. The results showed less resistance to Trimethoprim (22.22)% and Cefalotine (11.11)% of all bacteria isolate.
Investigation of the presence of active compounds in each of the hot and cold (water and alcoholic) extracts flowers Rose and flowers blossom bitter orange ( new preparatory 2012) (Alkaloids, Quartet alkaloids, sugars, Saponine, Flavones and comarins ) was carried out includes. While it was all kinds of extracts does not contain resins. The results showed the presence of active compounds (Sugars, Flavones and comarins) in old extracts that preparation after a year (2011). PH values of the plant extracts hot and cold (water and alcoholic) for each of orange flowers blossom and Rose flowers (Old and new preparatory) with a wide range ranging between (3.6 -6.4).
All extracts hot and cold (alcoholic) (new preparatory 2012) showed most effective towards Streptococcus spp., S. epidermidis and Candida albicans, while the extracts show weak effective against S. aureus. Hot alcohol extracts of Rose (old preparatory 2011) showed most effective towards S. aureus and S. epidermidis only, while the other extracts of old perpetration show weak effective against Streptococcus spp. and C. albicans.
Effect of Proline and Aspirin on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Lycopersicon esculentum and Surface Growth of Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Al-Kaisy Wafik A. , Mahmood Rahaf W. , Hameid Atyaf S.
Published: March 2024

Research was conducted to study the effect of proline and aspirin with 10 and 20 ppm on seed germination and seedling growth of Lycopersicon esculentum and the effect of surface growth of Fusarium oxysporum.
The results showed that the proline and aspirin effected significantly to decreased percentage of seed germination, acceleration of germination, promoter indicator, elongation speed of radical and plumule and also the infection percentage of seed decay and surface growth of Fusarium oxysporum was reduced significantly.
The Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus in High Risk Groups in Nineveh Governorate / Iraq
Authors: Salim Rasha.W , Abdullah Basima A.
Published: March 2024

Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the liver that caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) which is DNA virus that infects the human and some kinds of animals such as chimpanzees and birds. This disease considered as the major disease of mankind and a serious global public health problem. HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBeAb and HBsAb are markers used to detect the presence and the stage of infection. The current study included (181) individuals from both sexes, (137) males and (44) females. By ratio 3.11: 1.The mean age of patients 2.4033 ± 0.83519 (range 18-73) years as follows < 20 (11.6%), 21–40 (47.5%), 41–60 (29.8%) and > 60 (11.0%) . These patients are 73 (40.4%) Blood donors from Central Blood Bank, 88 (48.6%) Chronic kidney failure at Ibn – Sina Teaching Hospital and 20 (11.0%) Thalassemic patients at Ibn – Alatheer Teaching Hospital, Nineveh Governorate / Iraq. For the period from July 2011 till May 2012.The results indicated that the number of serum patients infected with HBV was 90 (49.7%) using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay technique. These patients had many markers named HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAb, HBeAb and HBsAb with percentages 90 (49.7%), 47 (26.0%), 89 (49.2%), 53 (29.3%) and5 (2.8%) respectively. Ninety three patients infected with HBV ninety of them gave positive results using ELISA and rt-PCR technique, and three gave positive results using rt-PCR only inspite of their negative results in ELISA. We concluded that HBV infection remains a serious issue because it's prevalence is still significant among patients, all viral markers are very important for the diagnosis of infection, rt-PCR is a very sensitive scientific technique gave the exactly number of copies/ml in a closed system.
Comparative study of hydatid cysts isolated from livers of different hosts
Authors: Al-Tikrity Ilham A. A. , Al-Janabi Zohiar A.M. , Al-jubory Abdullah H. A.
Published: March 2024

Fifty three hydatid cysts were collected from different hosts, sheep, goats and cattle , from many slaughterhouse in Salahadin and Baghdad , while human's hydatid cysts samples were collected from Tikrit educational hospital and Tofiqe civilian hospital patients . The study included a biochemical comparison of some hydatid cyst fluid criteria such as, glucose, total protein, pH, glutamate pyrovate transaminase enzyme (GPT) , glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase enzyme (GOT) , acid phosphatase (ACP) , Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) , and also studied protoscolices viability,the current study showed the differences in chemical composition of hydatid cyst fluids back to host type and parasite strain .
The interference between effects of Adhatoda vasica (Nees) extracts and Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) for controlling population of fig moth, Ephestia cautella Walker
Authors: Balasim Hutham S. , AL-Taweel Ayad A. , AL-Gharbaui Zahira A , Eass Ali J.
Published: March 2024

The activity of Adhatoda vasica crude plants extracts against B.thuringiensis bacteria was determined by MIC test and sensitivity test which showed no response of this type of bacteria against extracts .The interference between the effect of hot and cold aqueous extracts and Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria for controlling the population of fig moth when males and females released before treatment under control condithion was gave a highly percentage of larval mortality which reached to 100% in (B.t. + hot aqueous extract ) and 97.3% in (B.t + coldaqueous extract ) after two weeks of treatment when concentration of 50% of aqueous extracts and 5×10?1of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria but when the insect (males & females) released after the dates treated with B.t & hot aqueous extract , the mortality was 100% in all first instar larvae. The results also showed that when treatment of the dates before the insects released more influence than that treated the date after the insects released so the percentage of mortality of larvae reached to 100% in first method and to 86.0% in second methods .
Effect of Magnetized Water Treatment on some Biological Aspects for Fresh Water Snail Lymnaea lagotis (Schrank,1803)
Authors: Al-Ibady Qater Al-Nada A , Almukhtar Emaduldeen A , Rasheed Khalid Abbas
Published: March 2024

Exposure assays to magnetized water have so far revealed striking results. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of magnetized water treatment with in different intensities 500 , 1000 and 1500 Gauss on some biological aspects for species of freshwater Gastropod Lymnaea lagotis (Schrank, 1803) which important species in faun of aquatic habitats of Iraq. This species are considered a component of the food chain. The obtained results compared with these species which lived in the river(control). Result of these experiments showed increased significance the shell size (shell high, shell aperture length, shell aperture width and shell width) for L. lagotis with increased intensity magnetized water such as treated water with 1000 Gauss intensity compared with untreated water. Although increase significant was observed to fecundity for snails such as (egg mass dimensions, number and diameter of eggs and survival juveniles) with increased intensity of magnetized water comparative with untreated water.
Biosorption of Lead, Cadmium and Nickle from Industrial Wast water by Using Dried Macroalgae
Authors: Thijar Lamyia A. , Al-Hussieny Ahmed A. , Naji Hani S. , Talib Rosal M.
Published: March 2024

Biosorpion of lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd) and Nickl(Ni) by dried biomass of Chara sp. for sample of BMP was used as alternative approach of conventional method. The range of removal percentages was between 92-97%, 70-98.7% and 46.6-96.6% for Pb, Cd and Ni respectively at 3h.Treatment time, with 300-500 mg dried weight from Chara sp. powder at pH 4, with 60 rpm at shaker. FTIR analysis showed the active groups which are responsible for sequestration of heavy metals represented by carboxyl, hydroxyl alkyl, amine and amide. The Biosorption equilibrium experiment for elements showed that the highest sorption percentage for three elements was, Pb 96.6% after 30 minute, for Cd was 100% after 15 minute and 40% to Ni after 75 minute, while the biosorption equilibrium by using Chara sp. was at 90 minute for Pb and Ni.
Comparative morphological and histological study of the pecten oculi in two species of Iraqi birds (Falco tinnunculus L. and Streptopelia decaocto F.)
Authors: Gali Mohammed A. , Abid Shaimaa A.
Published: March 2024

Study showed structure of pecten oculi in the Kestrel Falco tinnunculus L.wasPleated type and consisted of 17 folds which were thick. While in the Collared DoveStreptopelia decaocto F. was Vaned type and consisted of 13 folds and it describedthin. The illustrated histological study of pecten oculi folds in the Kestrel and theCollared Dove was composed of large number of capillaries, large blood vessels andpigment cells which were few in Kestrel compare with the Collared Dove. The bridgein the Kestrel and the Collared Dove pecten oculi was consisted of connective tissue,many pigment cells, and contains on little capillaries and it linked the membrane tothe internal limiting membrane of the retina in the Kestrel.Key words: birds, pecten oculi, morphology, histology
The Inhibitory Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum against Candida albicans Associated with Denture Stomatitis
Authors: Habib Khalid A. , Farhan Sara M.
Published: March 2024

In this study Candida speices was diagnosed in 26 swab samples from patients with denture stomatitis , investigates the antagonism activity of Lactobacillus was investigated against the yeast of Candida albicans in vitro.Results revealed that The inhibition effect of Lactic Acid Bacteria against C.albicans was examined in solid medium, L.plantarum gave higher inhibition average 11mm followed by L.acidophillus with average 9 mm and, L.fermentum , L.casei with averages 7 mm. Whereas the filtrates, the highest inhibition zone were 20 and 16 mm by L. plantarum and L.acidophillus, respectively.
The Bactericidal Effect of CO2 Laser on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Wound and Burn Infections, In-Vitro
Authors: Naji Eman N. , Ali Aqeela A. , Hamzah Baydaa F.
Published: March 2024

A total of 60 cotton swabs are collected from patients suffering from burn wound and surgical site infections admitted to Baghdad Teaching Hospital and Burn Specialist Hospital in Baghdad city during 9/2013 to 11/2013. All cotton swabs are cultured initially on blood agar and MacConkey agar and subjected for standard bacteriological procedures for bacteriological diagnosis. Twenty samples out of sixty are identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by conventional methods. The results of antibiotic susceptibility test illustrate that the antibiotics resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates is as follows:100% (2020) for ceftriaxone, cefepime and carbencillin, 70% (14/20) for amikacin, 65%(13/20) for tobramycin, ceftazidim and gentamycin, 55% (11/20) for ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, 50% (10/20) for piperacillin and impeneme, 30% (6/20) for aztreonam. All Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are investigated for detection of some virulence factors (haemolysin, protease, lipase enzymes, and extracellular pigments) and biofilm formation. The results of virulence factors reveal that all the isolates are haemolysin, protease, lipase enzymes and extracellular pigments producer, while 95% of the isolates are biofilm producer. Six isolates are selected to irradiation by using CO2 laser according to the results of antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors at power densities (2000, 2500, and 3000) W/cm2 with exposure time (60 and 90) second. The results of CO2 laser irradiation illustrate that CO2 laser irradiation lead to a reduction in the mean value of the viable number CFU/ml of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with the increase of the power density and exposure time. The results of the statistical analysis by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) one way and least significant differences-LSD show that there are statistical significant differences in the mean of the viable number CFU/ml between different power densities and different exposure times. After irradiation, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors tests of the irradiated strains are performed. The current study concludes that CO2 laser has bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa isolates without any effect on its antibiotics susceptibility and virulence factors.
The effect of Tramadol on some blood and biochemical parameters of male rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Authors: Aldiwan Mohammed A. , Alzobidy Del M. Hassan , Younis Mohammed A.
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed to explain the dose-dependent possible deleterious effects of 30 day administration of Tramadol on some hematological and biochemical parameters of laboratory male rats (Rattus norvegicus), the study consisted of eighteen adult male rats randomly divided into three equal groups (each of six). Group 1 (control) were treated by intraperitoneal injection of normal saline solution (0.2 ml), group two (low dose) was treated by intraperitonealy (i.p) injection of Tramadol at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, group three (high dose) was treated by intraperitonealy injection of Tramadol at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 30 days. At the end of experimental period, rats were sacrificed. Blood were collected by cardiac puncture to investigate blood film and biochemical parameters which include Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT), urea, and glucose. Results explained a significant reduction in hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and red blood cells count (RBC), in both treated group and significant elevation in WBC count which is clearly appeared in lymphocyte count, while the biochemical results showed a significant increased in ALT, blood urea, and decreased in blood glucose level in high dose treated group mostly
The Spectrophotometric Determination of Famotidine Drug via Coupling with Diazotized Metochlopramide Hydrochloride
Authors: Al-Abachi Mouayed Q. , Mohmmed Suad S. , Hadi Anfal J.
Published: March 2024

A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method was described for the determination of famotidine (FAM) as a pure material and in pharmaceutical formulation. This method was based on diazotization and coupling reaction between famotidine and diazotized solution of metochlopramide hydrochloride (DMPH) in the presence of phosphate buffer solution to give a compound of azo dye having orange color soluble in water with high absorptivity at a wave length of 478 nm. The data shows that FAM and DMPH combine in the molar ratio of 1:1 at PH 7.0 .The method obeys Beer's law over concentration range of 1-40 ?g.ml-1 of famotidine with a correlation coefficient of 0.9955 and a detection limit of 0.10 ?g.ml-1. The apparent molar absorptivity referred to famotidine has been found to be 2.0 x 104 L. mol-1cm. -1. The proposed method was applied successfully to the assay of famotidine in pharmaceutical preparation.
Machine learning approach in diagnosis and risk factors detection of pancreatic fistula
Authors: Potievskiy Mikhail Borisovich , Petrov Leonid Olegovich , Ivanov Sergei Anatolyevich , Sokolov Pavel Viktorovich , Trifanov Vladimir Sergeevich , Moshurov Ruslan Ivanovich , Shegai Petr Viktorovich , Kaprin Andrei Dmitrievich
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The aim of the study was to develop a predictive ML model for postoperative pancreatic fistula and to determine the main risk factors of the complication.
Materials and Methods: We performed a single-centre retrospective clinical study. 150 patients, who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection in FSBI NMRRC, were included. We developed ML models of biochemic leak and fistula B/C development. Logistic regression, Random forest and CatBoost algorithms were employed. The risk factors were evaluated basing on the most accurate model, roc auc, and Kendall correlation, p<0.05.
Results: We detected a significant positive correlation between blood and drain amylase level increase in association with biochemical leak and fistula B/C. The CatBoost algorithm was the most accurate, roc auc 74%-86%. The main pre- and intraoperative prognostic factors of all the fistulas were tumor vascular invasion, age and BMI, roc auc 70%. Specific fistula B/C factors were the same. Basing on the 3-5 days data, biochemical leak and fistula B/C risk factors were blood and drain amylase levels, blood leukocytes, roc auc 86% and 75 %.
Conclusion: We developed sufficient quality ML models of postoperative pancreatic fistulas. Blood and drain amylase level increase, tumor vascular invasion, age and BMI were the major risk factors of further fistula B/C development.
Developing a process for assessing the safety of a digital mental health intervention and gaining regulatory approval: an academic’s guide
Authors: Taher Rayan , Hall Charlotte L , Gomez Aislinn D , Gupta Neha , Heaysman Clare , Jacobsen Pamela , Kabir Thomas , Kalnad Nayan , Keppens Jeroen , Hsu Che-Wei , McGuire Philip , Peters Emmanuelle , Shergill Sukhi , Stahl Daniel , Stock Ben Wensley , Yiend Jenny
Published: March 2024

Background
The field of digital mental health has followed an exponential growth trajectory in recent years. While the evidence base has increased significantly, its adoption within health and care services has been slowed by several challenges, including a lack of knowledge from researchers regarding how to navigate the pathway for mandatory regulatory approval. This paper details the steps that a team must take to achieve the required approvals to carry out a research study using a novel digital mental health intervention. We use the STOP (Successful Treatment of Paranoia) randomized controlled trial as a worked example.
Methods
The methods section explains the two main objectives that are required to achieve regulatory approval and the detailed steps involved within each, as carried out for the STOP trial. First, the existing safety of digital mental health interventions must be demonstrated. This can refer to literature reviews, any feasibility/pilot safety data, and requires a risk management plan. Second, a detailed plan to further evaluate the safety the digital mental health interventions is needed. As part of this we describe the STOP study’s development of a framework for categorising adverse events and based on this framework, a tool to collect adverse event data.
Results
We present literature review results, safety-related feasibility study findings and the full risk management plan for STOP, including the scales developed to quantify the probability and severity of typical risks involved when a psychiatric population receives a digital intervention without the direct support of a therapist. We also present an Adverse Event Category Framework for Digital Therapeutic Devices and the Adverse Events Checklist that was constructed from this and used in the STOP trial.
Conclusions
The example shared in this paper serves as a guide for academics and professionals working in the field of digital mental health. It provides insights into the safety assessment requirements of regulatory bodies when a clinical investigation of a digital mental health intervention is proposed. Methods, scales and tools that could easily be adapted for use in other similar research are presented, with the expectation that these will assist other researchers in the field seeking regulatory approval for digital mental health products.
Improvement of Expansive Soil using Volcanic Ash and Lime Additives in the Southern Parts of Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia
Authors:   Wale Sintie 1,2,   Dr. Zemenu Geremew1,   Yonathan Muche 2,   Destaw Kiflie3
Published: March 2024

The presence of expansive subgrade soil in road construction causes a series of damage events because of its susceptibility to differential settlement, low load bearing capacity, high compressibility, cracking and low strength. In this study, the use of volcanic ash alone (with a concentration ranging from 10%-40%) or as an enhancement to lime (5%) was investigated. To evaluate the effects of these additives on expansive subgrade soil stabilization, laboratory tests, namely, Atterberg’s limits, compaction, the California bearing ratio (CBR), the CBR-swell and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, were conducted on natural and stabilized soils. Chemical tests to characterize the stabilizer, volcanic ash, were also carried out. Laboratory test results revealed that the addition of volcanic ash alone has an insignificant effect on the geotechnical properties of expansive subgrade soil. However, a significant improvement in the index and engineering properties of expansive subgrade soil was observed when the treatment was performed with a combination of lime (5%) and volcanic ash (10–40%). The test results revealed that the liquid limit, plasticity index, OMC, linear shrinkage and CBR swell values decreased, whereas the CBR increased as the percentage of volcanic ash increased from 0–40%. The maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength increased up to a certain percentage; however, a further increase in volcanic ash content resulted in a decrease in these parameters. This research showed that these two additives can be used together to enhance expansive subgrade soil properties and that the treated soil can meet the minimum requirement of the ERA pavement manual specification for use as a subgrade material in road construction.
Acculturative stressors, Social Loneliness, and Suicide Risk among North Korean Refugee Women in South Korea: Cross-sectional Survey and Multiple Regression Analysis
Authors: Ryu Wonjung , Lee Jaewon
Published: March 2024

Background
This study aimed to examine the associations between acculturative stressors, social loneliness, and suicide risk among North Korean (NK) refugee women in South Korea.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey of North Korean refugee women in South Korea was conducted in 2012, and 154 North Korean refugee women completed the survey. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the associations among acculturative stressors, suicide risk, and social loneliness.
Results
The results showed that 44.8% of respondents had suicidal ideation in the past year. In the multiple regression analyses, acculturative stressors were not significantly associated with suicide risk. However, the association between acculturative stressors and suicide risk was fully mediated by social loneliness.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that reducing social loneliness may be important in preventing suicidal ideation and attempts among North Korean refugee women.
RETRACTED: Impact of Aspergillus PCR on the Management of Invasive Aspergillosis: A Tertiary-care Hospital Experience during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Işık Muhammed Cihan , Metan Gökhan , Alp Alpaslan , Gülmez Dolunay , Arikan-Akdagli Sevtap , Uzun Ömrüm
Published: March 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Heavy metals adsorption on struvite recovered from livestock wastewaters and release properties of granular forms
Authors: Liu Xiaoning , Wang Yazhou , Zeng Xiang , Wang Siyang
Published: March 2024

As copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) usually occur in livestock wastewater, this study focused on metals adsorption in struvite from swine wastewater and the release properties of granular struvite in solution with varying pH conditions (2, 4, 7). The results demonstrated pH values presented a slightly decreasing trend with increasing Cu/Zn ratio, and Zn exhibited higher adsorption performance on struvite crystals than that of Cu. Under the high content of metals in the wastewater, Cu/Zn ratios in the wastewater contributed to varying metal binding forms and mechanisms, resulting in the difference in the leaching properties of nutrients and metal. For the granular struvite manufactured with the adhesion of alginate, the P release percentage achieved 30.3-40.5% after 96 h in the wastewater of pH 2, whereas they were only 5.63-8.92% and 1.05-1.50% in the wastewater of pH 4 and 7, respectively. Acid wastewater contributed to the release of two metals, and the release amount of Zn was higher than that of Cu, which is associated with their adsorption capacity in crystals. During the latter soil leaching test of adding granular struvite, the NH4+-N and PO43--P concentration in the effluent ranged from 0.34-1.26 and 0.62-2.56 mg/L after 96 h, respectively. However, the Cu and Zn could not be measured due to lower than the detection limit under varying treatments. Struvite might be accompanied by quicker metal leaching and slower nutrient leaching when surface adsorption dominates in wastewater with lower metal concentrations.
A novel multi-scale microstructure to address the strength/ductility trade off in high strength steel for fusion reactors
Authors: Rainforth William , Gong Peng , Wang Yiqiang , Kwok Thomas , Dawson Huw , Goodall Russell , Dye David
Published: March 2024

As well as having suitable mechanical performance, fusion reactor materials for the first wall and blanket must be both radiation tolerant and low activation, which has resulted in the development of reduced activation ferritic/martensitic (RAFM) steels. The current steels suffer irradiation-induced hardening and embrittlement, such that they are not adequate for planned commercial fusion reactors. Producing high strength, ductility and toughness is difficult, because inhibiting deformation to produce strength also reduces the amount of work hardening available, and thereby ductility. Here we solve this dichotomy to introduce a high strength and high ductility RAFM steel, produced by a novel thermomechanical process route. A unique trimodal multiscale microstructure is developed, comprising nanoscale and microscale ferrite, and tempered martensite with low-angle nanograins. Processing induces a high dislocation density, which leads to an extremely high number of nanoscale precipitates and subgrain walls. High strength is attributed to the refinement of the ferrite grain size and the nanograins in the tempered martensite, while the high ductility results from a high mobile dislocation density in the ferrite, the higher proportion of MX carbides, and the trimodal microstructure, which improves ductility without impairing strength.
Hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced by phenolic uremic toxins in CKD and DKD patients
Authors: Tongu Yoshiyasu , Kasahara Tomoko , Akiyama Yasutoshi , Ho Hsin-Jung , Matsumoto Yotaro , Kujirai Ryota , Kikuchi Koichi , Nata Koji , Kanzaki Makoto , Suzuki Kenshin , Watanabe Shun , Toyohara Takafumi , Suzuki Takehiro , Kawabe Chiharu , Suzuki Chitose , Tanaka Tetsuhiro , Wada Jun , Tomioka Yoshihisa , ABE Takaaki
Published: March 2024

Patients with end-stage renal disease have lower fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, with significantly higher insulin levels. For a long time, it has been believed that this higher insulin level in renal failure is due to decreased insulin clearance caused by reduced renal function. However, here we reported that accumulation of the gut microbiota-derived uremic toxin, phenyl sulfate (PS) in the renal failure, increased insulin secretion from the pancreas by enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion. Other endogenous sulfides compounds which accumulated as in the renal failure also increased glucose-induced insulin secretion form b-cells. In addition, we also found that PS increased insulin resistance through lncRNA expression and Erk1/2 phosphorylation in the adipocytes. To confirm the relationship between PS and glucose metabolism in human, we recruited 2 clinical cohort studies (DKD and CKD), and found that here was a weak negative correlation between PS and HbA1c. Because these trials did not collect fasting insulin level, we alternatively used the urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) as an indicator of insulin resistance. We found that PS-induced insulin resistance in patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2. These data suggest that the accumulation of uremic toxins modulates glucose metabolism and induced insulin resistance in CKD and DKD patients.
Patient and Family Experiences of Adverse Pregnancy Events in Canada from a Multicultural Perspective
Authors: Nielssen Ingrid , Nabil Kiran , Seyoum Meron , Ogaba Wilberforce W. Obwona , Pardo Maria Castrellon , Bukhari Saima , Quito Lanie , Wang Qiong , Santana Maria , D'Souza Rohan
Published: March 2024

Background: Maternal morbidity can be conceptualized in multiple and unique ways by healthcare professionals, and patients. For pregnant persons and their families, adverse events in pregnancy can often extend beyond the scope of clinical diagnoses. This patient-led, peer-to-peer study aimed to understand how pregnant persons and their families described and understood adverse events in pregnancy in Canada using a multicultural perspective.
Methods: The Patient and Community Engagement Research (PaCER) program is program offered through the University of Calgary. Students are patient and community researchers trained in qualitative health research and committed to finding innovative ways of engaging patients in the health care research that matters to them. Focus groups and individual interviews were used to understand the experiences and perspectives of patient and community members who self-identified as experiencing adverse events in pregnancy. Data was collectively and iteratively analysed using thematic and narrative analysis.
Results: Thirteen participants from diverse backgrounds and with a range of pregnancy experiences participated in focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews. Five key themes emerged and were defined as: (1) access to appropriate, timely, coordinated care and follow up; (2) lack of transparent communication from healthcare providers and the ways power differentials and need for urgent action affected shared decision making; (3) cultural differences between participants’ traditions, and Canadian pregnancy care practices; (4) mental health impacts as participants struggled to access diagnosis for conditions that “didn’t feel right” and to understand “why” adverse events happened (5) supports and resources participants felt were missing that would have been most helpful to managing the morbidity. Our team also identified five actionable recommendations for dissemination and implementation of study findings.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that people with lived pregnancy experience may not perceive pregnancy-related morbidity as a list of adverse clinical conditions, but instead as negative consequences resulting from lack of transparent communication with pregnancy-care providers, and access to timely and culturally appropriate care, supports and resources. Our findings identify key research priorities and provide unique insights into designing best practices for more person-centred, culturally cognisant, and responsive maternal health policy and care going forward.