bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lowering Interleukin-12 Activity Improves Myocardial and Vascular Function Compared With Tumor Necrosis Factor-a Antagonism or Cyclosporine in Psoriasis
Authors: Ikonomidis Ignatios , Papadavid Evangelia , Makavos George , Andreadou Ioanna , Varoudi Maria , Gravanis Kostas , Theodoropoulos Kostas , Pavlidis George , Triantafyllidi Helen , Moutsatsou Paraskevi , Panagiotou Christina , Parissis John , Iliodromitis Efstathios , Lekakis John , Rigopoulos Dimitrios
Published: September 2017

Background—

Interleukin (IL)-12 activity is involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and acute coronary syndromes. We investigated the effects of IL-12 inhibition on vascular and left ventricular (LV) function in psoriasis.

Methods and Results—

One hundred fifty psoriasis patients were randomized to receive an anti–IL-12/23 (ustekinumab, n=50), anti–tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α; etanercept, n=50), or cyclosporine treatment (n=50). At baseline and 4 months post-treatment, we measured (1) LV global longitudinal strain, twisting, and percent difference between peak twisting and untwisting at mitral valve opening (%untwMVO) using speckle-tracking echocardiography, (2) coronary flow reserve, (3) pulse wave velocity and augmentation index, (4) circulating NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide), TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, malondialdehyde, and fetuin-a. Compared with baseline, all patients had improved global longitudinal strain (median values: −17.7% versus −19.5%), LV twisting (12.4° versus 14°), %untwMVO (27.8% versus 35%), and coronary flow reserve (2.8 versus 3.1) and reduced circulating NT-proBNP, IL-17, TNF-α, and IL-6 post-treatment (
P
<0.05). Compared with anti–TNF-α and cyclosporine, anti–IL-12/23 treatment resulted in a greater improvement of global longitudinal strain (25% versus 17% versus 6%,), LV twist (27% versus 17% versus 1%), %untwMVO (31% versus 27% versus 17%), and coronary flow reserve (14% versus 11% versus 4%), as well as a greater reduction of IL-12 (−25% versus −4% versus −2%), malondialdehyde (−27% versus +5% versus +26%), and NT-proBNP(−26% versus −13.6% versus 9.1%) and increase of fetuin-a (
P
<0.01). Pulse wave velocity and augmentation index were improved only after anti–IL-12/23 treatment and correlated with changes in global longitudinal strain, LV twisting–untwisting (
P
<0.05).

Conclusions—

In psoriasis, IL-12/23 inhibition results in a greater improvement of coronary, arterial, and myocardial function than TNF-α inhibition or cyclosporine treatment.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02144857.
Trimester-Specific Weight Gain and Midpregnancy Diastolic Blood Pressure Rebound During Normotensive Pregnancy
Authors: Lei Qiong , Zhou Xin , Duan Dong-Mei , Lv Li-Juan , Lin Xiao-Hong , Ji Wen-Jie , Cai Wei , Zhang Zhuoli , Li Yu-Ming , Niu Jian-Min
Published: September 2017

The longitudinal exposure–response relationship between trimester-specific gestational weight gain (GWG) and blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy is not well understood. We retrospectively assessed 1112 uncomplicated, normotensive pregnant women whose body weight and BP were measured from 12
+0
to 40
+0
weeks of gestation from a hospital-based cohort. By using growth curve modeling, a J-shaped pattern dominated diastolic BP (DBP) changing dynamics, with a midpregnancy drop at 20
+0
to 22
+0
weeks followed by a rebound. Using group-based trajectory modeling, 3 distinctive trajectories of DBP were identified: high–J shaped (18.5%), moderate–J shaped (48.3%), and low–J shaped (33.1%), as well as 3 distinctive GWG trajectories: high increasing (14.7%), moderate increasing (48.6%) and low increasing (36.8%). A temporal coincidence between the maximal rate of GWG and DBP transition from its nadir to rebound was observed during 20
+0
to 22
+0
weeks. Moreover, women in the high-increasing GWG group had the highest probability of being in the high–J DBP group. The GWG rate during the late midsecond trimester (22
+0
to 26
+0
weeks) was consistently associated with an elevated DBP level: for every 200 g/wk increase, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio was 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.43) for the trajectory shift to the high–J group and 1.20 (95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.35) for the occurrence of diastolic prehypertension after 37
+0
weeks. Furthermore, adding a trimester-specific GWG rate (22
+0
to 26
+0
weeks) contributed to the incremental yield for the prediction of diastolic prehypertension after 37
+0
weeks. Our results thus provide the timing and extent of gestational weight control relevant to the optimized BP level during pregnancy.
Acute In Vivo Analysis of ATP Release in Rat Kidneys in Response to Changes of Renal Perfusion Pressure
Authors: Palygin Oleg , Evans Louise C. , Cowley Allen W. , Staruschenko Alexander
Published: September 2017

Background

ATP and derivatives are recognized to be essential agents of paracrine signaling. It was reported that
ATP
is an important regulator of the pressure‐natriuresis mechanism. Information on the sources of
ATP
, the mechanisms of its release, and its relationship to blood pressure has been limited by the inability to precisely measure dynamic changes in intrarenal
ATP
levels in vivo.

Methods and Results

Newly developed amperometric biosensors were used to assess alterations in cortical
ATP
concentrations in response to changes in renal perfusion pressure (
RPP
) in anesthetized Sprague–Dawley rats.
RPP
was monitored via the carotid artery; ligations around the celiac/superior mesenteric arteries and the distal aorta were used for manipulation of
RPP
. Biosensors were acutely implanted in the renal cortex for assessment of
ATP
. Rise of
RPP
activated diuresis/natriuresis processes, which were associated with elevated
ATP
. The increases in cortical
ATP
concentrations were in the physiological range (1–3 μmol/L) and would be capable of activating most of the purinergic receptors. There was a linear correlation with every 1‐mm Hg rise in
RPP
resulting in a 70‐nmol/L increase in
ATP
. Furthermore, this elevation of
RPP
was accompanied by a 2.5‐fold increase in urinary H
2
O
2
.

Conclusions

Changes in
RPP
directly correlate with renal sodium excretion and the elevation of cortical
ATP
. Given the known effects of
ATP
on regulation of glomerular filtration and tubular transport, the data support a role for
ATP
release in the rapid natriuretic responses to acute increases in
RPP
.
Beyond Ordinance: Pentecostals and a Sacramental Understanding of the Lord’s Supper
Authors: Dutko Joseph Lee
Published: September 2017

Most Pentecostal churches define the Lord’s Supper as an ordinance, and they practice it mainly as a cognitive act of remembrance. This article argues that this ordinance/memorialist position is inconsistent with Pentecostal belief and practice in other areas and that a more sacramental understanding of the Lord’s Supper would provide an opportunity for an intensification and revival of other Pentecostals core beliefs, particularly in the areas of pneumatology, eschatology, and ecclesiology. Despite a problematic and inconsistent history with sacramental thought, this study shows that Pentecostals inherently hold a sacramental worldview in their most distinctive belief of glossolalia, which provides a launching point for all other sacramental discussions in Pentecostal theology. The conclusion emerges that a more sacramental understanding of the Lord’s Supper within Pentecostalism will provide a unique opportunity to promote, extend, and at times revive core Pentecostal beliefs and values and reinvigorate Spirit-centered worship in Pentecostal churches.
A new species of Frontodendroidopsis (Coleoptera: Pyrochroidae: Pyrochroinae) from China, with a key to males of the three species
Authors: YOUNG DANIEL K.
Published: September 2017

Frontodendroidopsis pennyi, a new species of fire-colored beetle, is described from two males taken along the South Fork of Yamu He, 1.3 km east of Lao Shibali, northwestern Yunnan Province, China at an elevation of 2250 meters. This is the third described Frontodendroidopsis, the others being F. gibbiceps Young, also from China and the Japanese F. ocularis (Lewis). A similar cranial modification, large compound eyes, and strongly pectinate antennae place the new species in Frontodendroidopsis, although the antennal pedicel is shorter. Unlike F. gibbiceps the antennal insertions are not swollen and the frons is not carinate. The conspicuously emarginate fifth ventrite exhibited by males F. pennyi and F. gibbiceps distinguishes both of these species from F. ocularis.
A conspectus of the silver-flies (Diptera: Chamaemyiidae) of the Middle East with descriptions of new species of Chamaemyia Meigen and Melanochthiphila Frey, from the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: EBEJER M.J.
Published: September 2017

An overview of the Chamaemyiidae of the Middle East is given with species distribution within the Arabian Peninsula. For countries bordering Saudi Arabia, the distribution is tabulated. Data on new records for species of Chamaemyiidae from countries within the Arabian Peninsula are included. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for Chamaemyia aurilinea sp. n., C. grisea sp. n., C. xanthopoda sp. n. and Melanochthiphila arabica sp. n. from Saudi Arabia.
New species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) lacking pelvic fins from Paranapanema basin, southeastern Brazil
Authors: OCHOA LUZ E. , SILVA GABRIEL S. C. , SILVA GUILHERME J. COSTA E , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIO , DATOVO ALESSIO
Published: September 2017

A new species of trichomycterid catfish, Trichomycterus pascuali, is described from Paranapanema basin and is distinguished from all congeners by the possession of five pectoral-fin rays and the absence of pelvic fin, girdle, and muscles. Additional features further differentiate the new species from the other congeners lacking pelvic fins, T. candidus, T. catamarcensis, and T. tropeiro. The identification of T. pascuali is additionally corroborated by genetic divergence based on DNA-barcode analysis. Osteological and myological data unequivocally support the inclusion of the new species in the Trichomycterinae and molecular analyses justify its allocation to the genus Trichomycterus rather than Eremophilus, a trichomycterine taxon traditionally diagnosed by the lack of pelvic fins. Our genetic analysis further indicates that pelvic fins were independently lost in E. mutisii, T. candidus, and T. pascuali.
Four new species and a new record of Anchocerus from the Oriental region (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini: Acylophorina)
Authors: JANÁK JIŘÍ
Published: September 2017

Four new species of the genus Anchocerus Fauvel, 1905 were described and illustrated: A. balianus sp. nov. from Bali, A. differens sp. nov. and A. rougemonti sp. nov., both from Sabah (Borneo), and A. thai sp. nov. from Thailand. Additional records of A. aparamerus Solodovnikov 2008 from Sabah (Borneo) are presented.
Driving Performance After Self-Regulated Control Transitions in Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Eriksson Alexander , Stanton Neville A.
Published: September 2017

Objective:

This study aims to explore whether driver-paced, noncritical transitions of control may counteract some of the aftereffects observed in the contemporary literature, resulting in higher levels of vehicle control.

Background:

Research into control transitions in highly automated driving has focused on urgent scenarios where drivers are given a relatively short time span to respond to a request to resume manual control, resulting in seemingly scrambled control when manual control is resumed.

Method:

Twenty-six drivers drove two scenarios with an automated driving feature activated. Drivers were asked to read a newspaper or monitor the system and relinquish or resume control from the automation when prompted by vehicle systems. Driving performance in terms of lane positioning and steering behavior was assessed for 20 seconds post resuming control to capture the resulting level of control.

Results:

It was found that lane positioning was virtually unaffected for the duration of the 20-second time span in both automated conditions compared to the manual baseline when drivers resumed manual control; however, significant increases in the standard deviation of steering input were found for both automated conditions compared to baseline. No significant differences were found between the two automated conditions.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that when drivers self-paced the transfer back to manual control they exhibit less of the detrimental effects observed in system-paced conditions.

Application:

It was shown that self-paced transitions could reduce the risk of accidents near the edge of the operational design domain. Vehicle manufacturers must consider these benefits when designing contemporary systems.
Dispersion and alignment quantification of carbon nanotubes in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix
Authors: Isaza M Cesar A , Herrera Ramírez JM , Ledezma Sillas JE , Meza JM
Published: September 2017

In recent years, due to their high specific mechanical properties, polymer matrix composites have been widely used. In particular, carbon nanotubes have been used as reinforcement because of their exceptional properties. In this work, the degree of dispersion and alignment of multiwalled carbon nanotubes into polyvinyl alcohol was quantified, which is a key information to optimize the mechanical properties of composites. For the dispersion of the multiwalled carbon nanotubes into the solution, a magnetic stirring and ultrasonic agitation were used. Finally, the mixture was dried to obtain a multiwalled carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer. The composites were mechanically stretched to obtain sheets with multiwalled carbon nanotubes aligned in the stretching direction. The layers obtained were prepared for transmission electron microscopy analysis. A dispersion quantification method based on the statistical distribution of horizontal and vertical separation distance between carbon nanotubes was used; a lognormal distribution was obtained. The angle of carbon nanotubes with respect to the stretching direction was used to quantify the alignment degree of carbon nanotubes. The bulk mechanical properties of the composites were measured by nanoindentation test; tensile test allowed to measure the mechanical properties of the composites in both the stretching and perpendicular directions to the stretching direction. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes showed a good dispersion and alignment degree and this, in conjunction with stretching, produced a high increase of both the stiffness and strength in the stretching direction, which allowed an increment of the mechanical properties measured by nanoindentation test; the best properties of the composites were reached with 0.5 wt% of MWCNTs.
Adolescent Versus Adult Explanations of Resilience Enablers
Authors: Theron Linda
Published: September 2017

This aim of this article is to account for the resilience of adolescents who are challenged by structural disadvantage and to highlight that how adolescent resilience is accounted for depends on whether adolescent or adult views are foregrounded. To do so, I report a South African phenomenological study. I draw on a thematic content analysis of qualitative data and subsequent frequency count of the themes to contrast how 385 Black adolescents and 284 adults (who educate or provide services to youth) explain what enables adolescent resilience in the face of structural disadvantage. Adolescent and adult explanations differed substantially with regard to personal strengths, family support, and education pathways. These differences reflect conceptualizations of resilience, which are probably related to developmental stage and cultural fluidity and which caution that, despite adult perspectives being valuable, societies need to prioritize adolescent insights.
Childhood peer victimization experiences and adult psychological adjustment: Examining race/ethnicity and race-related attributions
Authors: Gusler Stephanie , Kiang Lisa
Published: September 2017

Few studies have examined young adults’ perceptions of childhood peer victimization (CPV) experiences and whether people of different racial/ethnic backgrounds perceive CPV differently. The current study examined the prevalence of CPV reported by members of the dominant racial majority (e.g., White), and individuals with racial minority backgrounds, and assessed the link between CPV and young adults’ psychological adjustment. Additionally, by examining attributions of skin color/ethnicity for CPV, both generally speaking and in light of possible moderating effects, the current study provides information on possible racial/ethnic differences in the causal interpretations of CPV. Data from 258 undergraduates (188 = majority; 70 = ethnic minority) revealed that racial/ethnic minority participants reported greater frequencies of CPV than majority White participants, and CPV was significantly associated with poorer psychological adjustment in young adulthood for all participants. Although attributions of skin color/ethnicity did not exacerbate the relationship between CPV and poor adjustment, the results do show that racial/ethnic minority participants are more likely than White participants to attribute all types of CPV to their skin color/ethnicity.
Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) does not correlate with different serological parameters in myositis and myopathy
Authors: Meyer Hans-Jonas , Ziemann Oliver , Kornhuber Malte , Emmer Alexander , Quäschling Ulf , Schob Stefan , Surov Alexey
Published: September 2017

Background

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in several muscle disorders. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an imaging modality, which can reflect microstructural tissue composition. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is used to quantify the random motion of water molecules in tissue.

Purpose

To investigate ADC values in patients with myositis and non-inflammatory myopathy and to analyze possible associations between ADC and laboratory parameters in these patients.

Material and Methods

Overall, 17 patients with several myositis entities, eight patients with non-inflammatory myopathies, and nine patients without muscle disorder as a control group were included in the study (mean age = 55.3 ± 14.3 years). The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in every case. DWI was obtained in a 1.5-T scanner using two b-values: 0 and 1000 s/mm2. In all patients, the blood sample was acquired within three days to the MRI. The following serological parameters were estimated: C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and myoglobine.

Results

The estimated mean ADC value for the myositis group was 1.89 ± 0.37 × 10–3 mm2/s and for the non-inflammatory myopathy group was 1.79 ± 0.33 × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively. The mean ADC values (1.15 ± 0.37 × 10–3 mm2/s) were significantly higher to unaffected muscles (vs. myositis P = 0.0002 and vs. myopathy P = 0.0021). There were no significant correlations between serological parameters and ADC values.

Conclusion

Affected muscles showed statistically significantly higher ADC values than normal muscles. No linear correlations between ADC and serological parameters were identified.
Promoting the global economy: The uneven development of the location consulting industry
Authors: Phelps Nicholas A. , Wood Andrew
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we examine the location consulting industry as a set of intermediaries that promote globalization when brokering between a demand for suitable sites for direct investment projects emanating from multinational enterprises and the supply of locations produced by host country governments. We outline three themes composing a research agenda: the nature of the knowledge mobilized by these intermediaries and its implications for the organization of the industry; the role of intermediaries as a neglected aspect of coupling within global production networks, and; the globally uneven contribution of intermediaries in different national political economies. We illustrate these themes empirically drawing on original interview research with location consultants and related companies based in Europe. In conclusion, we note how these intermediaries associated with ‘old’ economic geographical knowledge nevertheless continue to evolve practice in ways that shape the global distribution of investment.
In Vitro Chondrotoxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Opioid Medications
Authors: Abrams Geoffrey D. , Chang Wenteh , Dragoo Jason L.
Published: September 2017

Background:

A variety of medications are administered to the intra-articular space for the relief of joint pain. While amide-type local anesthetics have been extensively studied, there is minimal information regarding the potential chondrotoxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioid medications.

Purpose:

To investigate the in vitro chondrotoxicity of single-dose equivalent concentrations of ketorolac, morphine, meperidine, and fentanyl on human chondrocytes.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Human cartilage was arthroscopically harvested from the intercondylar notch and expanded in vitro. Gene expression of cultured chondrocytes before treatment was performed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction for type I collagen, type II collagen, aggrecan, and SOX9. Chondrocytes were then exposed to 0.01%, 0.02%, and 0.04% morphine sulfate; 0.3% and 0.6% ketorolac tromethamine; 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% meperidine hydrochloride; 0.0005% and 0.001% fentanyl citrate; and saline. A custom bioreactor was used to constantly deliver medications, with the dosage of each medication and the duration of exposure based on standard dose equivalents, medication half-lives, and differences in the surface area between the 6-well plates and the native joint surface. After treatment, a live/dead assay was used to assess chondrocyte viability and if minimal cell death was detected. A subset of samples after treatment was maintained to analyze for possible delayed cell death.

Results:

All tested concentrations of ketorolac and meperidine caused significantly increased cell death versus the saline control, demonstrating a dose-response relationship. The morphine and fentanyl groups did not show increased chondrotoxicity compared with the saline group, even after 2 weeks of additional culture.

Conclusion:

In vitro exposure of chondrocytes to single-dose equivalent concentrations of either ketorolac or meperidine demonstrated significant chondrotoxicity, while exposure to morphine or fentanyl did not lead to increased cell death.
Multiple Traumas, Maternal Depression, Mother–Child Relationship, Social Support, and Young Children’s Behavioral Problems
Authors: Schiff Miriam , Pat-Horenczyk Ruth , Ziv Yuval , Brom Danny
Published: September 2017

This study examined whether maternal depression, mother–child relationships, and maternal perceived social support mediate the associations between child’s exposure to multiple traumatic events and behavioral problems. We recruited a representative sample of 904 Israeli (Jewish and Arab) mothers and their 2- to 6-year-old children. Data collection was conducted through structured face-to-face interviews with the mothers between July and November 2011. All measures were completed by the mothers. We used the child’s and mother’s exposure to political violence questionnaires, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), a short version of the Parental Acceptance–Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Medical Outcomes Study (MOS) Social Support Survey. The research study model was tested using path analysis. The model showed a very good fit to the data, suggesting that maternal rejection, maternal depression, and social support play an important role in child’s behavioral problems in the context of multiple traumatic events. Higher levels of maternal rejection were significantly associated with greater children behavior problems. Maternal rejection mediated the associations between maternal depressive symptoms and child’s behavioral problems. Maternal perceived social support mediated the associations between child’s exposure to multiple traumatic events and child’s behavioral problems; child’s exposure to multiple traumatic events was associated with lower levels of maternal perceived social support. In turn, lower levels of perceived social support were associated with higher levels of behavioral problems. In conclusion, in accordance with the “social stress framework,” social support has a mediation role in the association between exposure to traumatic events and child’s behavioral problems. Thus, enhancing social support to mothers to young children in the context of multiple traumatic events is essential for children resiliency.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mission-X Child Health Promotion Program in the United States
Authors: Min Jungwon , Tan Zhengqi , Abadie Laurie , Townsend Scott , Xue Hong , Wang Youfa
Published: September 2017

Purpose:

To examine the effects of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Mission-X: Train Like an Astronaut program (MX) on children’s health-related knowledge and behaviors of a sample of US participants.

Design:

A nonexperimental pilot intervention study in 5 cities with a pre–post comparison of children’s health-related knowledge and behaviors in the United States in 2014 and 2015.

Sample:

Children (n = 409) with a mean age (standard deviation) of 10.1 (1.7) years.

Measures:

Children answered pre- and postintervention questionnaires. We measured the differences in children’s health knowledge on nutrition and physical fitness and behaviors on diet and physical activity as scores.

Intervention:

A 6-week web- and school-based intervention for a healthier lifestyle by introducing physical fitness and science activities based on actual astronaut training under a teacher’s supervision.

Analysis:

Nonparametric analysis and logistic regression models.

Results:

Participants significantly improved both of their health behaviors on physical activity ( P < .001) and diet ( P = .06) and their health knowledge regarding nutrition ( P < .001) and physical fitness ( P < .001) after the intervention. The improvement in children’s behaviors ( P < .001), knowledge ( P < .001), and the total score ( P < .001) after intervention did not significantly vary by sex or age, after adjusting for year of participation and state of residency.

Discussion:

The MX seems effective in improving health behaviors and health knowledge of participating children, which may serve as a model for sustainable global child health promotion program. Further research is needed to test its long-term effects on child health.
Sample-Size Planning for More Accurate Statistical Power: A Method Adjusting Sample Effect Sizes for Publication Bias and Uncertainty
Authors: Anderson Samantha F. , Kelley Ken , Maxwell Scott E.
Published: September 2017

The sample size necessary to obtain a desired level of statistical power depends in part on the population value of the effect size, which is, by definition, unknown. A common approach to sample-size planning uses the sample effect size from a prior study as an estimate of the population value of the effect to be detected in the future study. Although this strategy is intuitively appealing, effect-size estimates, taken at face value, are typically not accurate estimates of the population effect size because of publication bias and uncertainty. We show that the use of this approach often results in underpowered studies, sometimes to an alarming degree. We present an alternative approach that adjusts sample effect sizes for bias and uncertainty, and we demonstrate its effectiveness for several experimental designs. Furthermore, we discuss an open-source R package, BUCSS, and user-friendly Web applications that we have made available to researchers so that they can easily implement our suggested methods.
The Holocene stratified screes from Sierra de Albarracín (Iberian Ranges, Spain) and their paleoenvironmental significance
Authors: Peña Monné José L , Pérez Alberti Augusto , Sampietro Vattuone María M , Otero Xose L , Sánchez Fabre Miguel , Longares Aladrén Luis A
Published: September 2017

The most important stratified screes of the Iberian Range are found in Sierra de Albarracín. These slope deposits have been traditionally considered, without absolute datings, as having been formed during various Pleistocene cold phases. The aim of this paper is to establish the sedimentological, morphological, chronological, and paleoenvironmental characteristics of these deposits through the study of four profiles recorded in the Calomarde canyon (El Rollo, El Molino, and Royuela) and Toril. The most representative profile is that of El Rollo as it is formed by basal tufa and stratified scree layers separated by paleosoils. Radiocarbon datings obtained from paleosoil samples show that the sequence ranges between the early and middle Holocene. The profiles from El Molino and Royuela, as well as the upper levels of Toril, complete the sequence showing deposits from upper Holocene (Bronze Age and ‘Little Ice Age’). These data show the oscillations during the Holocene between colder phases, represented by the stratified screes, and warmer–wetter phases with soil development and local tufa deposits. This geomorphological and pedological response to the Holocene climatic variability shows its clearest records in the canyons. However, there are almost no Pleistocene accumulations – with the exception of that of Toril (minimum age of <43.5 ka BP). The possibility of relating this succession of Holocene environmental changes to known regional and global climatic stages converts these accumulations into the most important Holocene paleoenvironmental record from the Iberian Ranges and the most complete sequence of Holocene stratified screes from the Mediterranean area.
Cryopreservation of Hepatocyte Microbeads for Clinical Transplantation
Authors: Jitraruch Suttiruk , Dhawan Anil , Hughes Robin D. , Filippi Celine , Lehec Sharon C. , Glover Leanne , Mitry Ragai R.
Published: September 2017

Intraperitoneal transplantation of hepatocyte microbeads is an attractive option for the management of acute liver failure. Encapsulation of hepatocytes in alginate microbeads supports their function and prevents immune attack of the cells. Establishment of banked cryopreserved hepatocyte microbeads is important for emergency use. The aim of this study was to develop an optimized protocol for cryopreservation of hepatocyte microbeads for clinical transplantation using modified freezing solutions. Four freezing solutions with potential for clinical application were investigated. Human and rat hepatocytes cryopreserved with University of Wisconsin (UW)/10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/5% (300 mM) glucose and CryoStor CS10 showed better postthawing cell viability, attachment, and hepatocyte functions than with histidine–tryptophan–ketoglutarate/10% DMSO/5% glucose and Bambanker. The 2 freezing solutions that gave better results were studied with human and rat hepatocytes microbeads. Similar effects on cryopreserved microbead morphology (external and ultrastructural), viability, and hepatocyte-functions post thawing were observed over 7 d in culture. UW/DMSO/glucose, as a basal freezing medium, was used to investigate the additional effects of cytoprotectants: a pan-caspase inhibitor (benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-dl-Asp-fluoromethylketone [ZVAD]), an antioxidant (desferoxamine [DFO]), and a buffering and mechanical protectant (human serum albumin [HSA]) on RMBs. ZVAD (60 µM) had a beneficial effect on cell viability that was greater than with DFO (1 mM), HSA (2%), and basal freezing medium alone. Improvements in the ultrastructure of encapsulated hepatocytes and a lower degree of cell apoptosis were observed with all 3 cytoprotectants, with ZVAD tending to provide the greatest effect. Cytochrome P450 activity was significantly higher in the 3 cytoprotectant groups than with fresh microbeads. In conclusion, developing an optimized cryopreservation protocol by adding cytoprotectants such as ZVAD could improve the outcome of cryopreserved hepatocyte microbeads for future clinical use.
Transcriptome Analysis of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-derived Pancreatic β-like Cell Differentiation
Authors: Huang Yan , Wan Jian , Guo Yibing , Zhu Shajun , Wang Yao , Wang Lei , Guo Qingsong , Lu Yuhua , Wang Zhiwei
Published: September 2017

Diabetes affects millions of people worldwide, and β-cell replacement is one of the promising new strategies for treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can differentiate into any cell type, including pancreatic β cells, providing a potential treatment for diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation of iPSC-derived β cells have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we generated pancreatic β-like cells from mouse iPSCs using a 3-step protocol and performed deep RNA sequencing to get a transcriptional landscape of iPSC-derived pancreatic β-like cells during the selective differentiation period. We then focused on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the time course of the differentiation period, and these genes underwent Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. In addition, gene-act networks were constructed for these DEGs, and the expression of pivotal genes detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was well correlated with RNA sequence (RNA-seq). Overall, our study provides valuable information regarding the transcriptome changes in β cells derived from iPSCs during differentiation, elucidates the biological process and pathways underlying β-cell differentiation, and promotes the identification and functional analysis of potential genes that could be used for improving functional β-cell generation from iPSCs.
Engineered Microvasculature in PDMS Networks Using Endothelial Cells Derived from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Sivarapatna Amogh , Ghaedi Mahboobe , Xiao Yang , Han Edward , Aryal Binod , Zhou Jing , Fernandez-Hernando Carlos , Qyang Yibing , Hirschi Karen K. , Niklason Laura E.
Published: September 2017

In this study, we used a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based platform for the generation of intact, perfusion-competent microvascular networks in vitro. COMSOL Multiphysics, a finite-element analysis and simulation software package, was used to obtain simulated velocity, pressure, and shear stress profiles. Transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) were differentiated into partially arterialized endothelial cells (hiPSC-ECs) in 5 d under completely chemically defined conditions, using the small molecule glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor CHIR99021 and were thoroughly characterized for functionality and arterial-like marker expression. These cells, along with primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), were seeded in the PDMS system to generate microvascular networks that were subjected to shear stress. Engineered microvessels had patent lumens and expressed VE-cadherin along their periphery. Shear stress caused by flowing medium increased the secretion of nitric oxide and caused endothelial cells s to align and to redistribute actin filaments parallel to the direction of the laminar flow. Shear stress also caused significant increases in gene expression for arterial markers Notch1 and EphrinB2 as well as antithrombotic markers Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF-2)/4. These changes in response to shear stress in the microvascular platform were observed in hiPSC-EC microvessels but not in microvessels that were derived from HUVECs, which indicated that hiPSC-ECs may be more plastic in modulating their phenotype under flow than are HUVECs. Taken together, we demonstrate the feasibly of generating intact, engineered microvessels in vitro, which replicate some of the key biological features of native microvessels.
Peer Mentoring in a University Music Methods Class
Authors: Goodrich Andrew , Bucura Elizabeth , Stauffer Sandra
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate undergraduates’ perceptions of peer mentoring and the impact of peer mentoring in a music teacher preparation course. The following questions were included: What knowledge and abilities do students bring to the peer mentoring process? How do students perceive their roles as teachers and learners in the peer mentoring experiences? How do the students benefit, if at all, from peer mentoring experiences? Students participated in four planned peer mentoring experiences; an unanticipated, informal mode of peer mentoring emerged during large-group teaching experiences. Analysis revealed that student perceptions of and comfort levels with peer mentoring varied as their roles as teacher or learner changed. Findings suggest that students use prior music and teaching knowledge when engaged in peer mentoring and their enactment of teaching roles varied depending on the structure of peer mentoring episodes. Benefits to students included increased awareness of themselves as teachers and enhanced comfort with providing and receiving critique.
Optimal design for robust control parameter for active roll control system: a fuzzy approach
Authors: Sun Hao , Chen Ye-Hwa , Zhao Han , Zhen Shengchao
Published: September 2017

In this paper, we investigate the dynamical model of an active roll control system (ARCS) which can impose an anti-roll moment quickly by active actuators to prevent a vehicle rolling when the vehicle generates the roll tendency and effectively enhances the vehicle dynamic performance without sacrificing ride comfort. In the dynamic model of the ARCS, we consider the sprung mass of the vehicle which is (possibly) time-varying and the initial conditions are the uncertain parameters which are described by fuzzy set theory. A new optimal robust control which is deterministic and is not the usual if–then rules-based control is proposed. The desired controlled system performance is twofold: one deterministic, which includes uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness, and one fuzzy, which enhances the cost consideration. We then formulate an optimal design problem associated with the control as a constrained optimization problem. The resulting control design is systematic and is able to guarantee the deterministic performance and minimize the average fuzzy performance. Numerical simulations show that the control design renders the ARCS practically stable and achieves constraints following maneuvering.
Efficacy of a 3C-like protease inhibitor in treating various forms of acquired feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Pedersen Niels C , Kim Yunjeong , Liu Hongwei , Galasiti Kankanamalage Anushka C , Eckstrand Chrissy , Groutas William C , Bannasch Michael , Meadows Juliana M , Chang Kyeong-Ok
Published: September 2017

Objectives

The safety and efficacy of the 3C-like protease inhibitor GC376 was tested on a cohort of client-owned cats with various forms of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP).

Methods

Twenty cats from 3.3–82 months of age (mean 10.4 months) with various forms of FIP were accepted into a field trial. Fourteen cats presented with wet or dry-to-wet FIP and six cats presented with dry FIP. GC376 was administered subcutaneously every 12 h at a dose of 15 mg/kg. Cats with neurologic signs were excluded from the study.

Results

Nineteen of 20 cats treated with GC376 regained outward health within 2 weeks of initial treatment. However, disease signs recurred 1–7 weeks after primary treatment and relapses and new cases were ultimately treated for a minimum of 12 weeks. Relapses no longer responsive to treatment occurred in 13 of these 19 cats within 1–7 weeks of initial or repeat treatment(s). Severe neurologic disease occurred in 8/13 cats that failed treatment and five cats had recurrences of abdominal lesions. At the time of writing, seven cats were in disease remission. Five kittens aged 3.3–4.4 months with wet FIP were treated for 12 weeks and have been in disease remission after stopping treatment and at the time of writing for 5–14 months (mean 11.2 months). A sixth kitten was in remission for 10 weeks after 12 weeks of treatment, relapsed and is responding to a second round of GC376. The seventh was a 6.8-year-old cat with only mesenteric lymph node involvement that went into remission after three relapses that required progressively longer repeat treatments over a 10 month period. Side effects of treatment included transient stinging upon injection and occasional foci of subcutaneous fibrosis and hair loss. There was retarded development and abnormal eruption of permanent teeth in cats treated before 16–18 weeks of age.

Conclusions and relevance

GC376 showed promise in treating cats with certain presentations of FIP and has opened the door to targeted antiviral drug therapy.
Exploring autism and music interventions through a First Nations lens
Authors: Lindblom Anne
Published: September 2017

This research project set out to examine the meaning of music for five First Nations children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder in British Columbia, Canada. A pan-tribal framework within an Indigenist research paradigm was used. Data were collected during visits in 2013 and 2014. Five First Nations children with different tribal affiliations and living locations, their families, and professionals were engaged in the project. Methods were conversations, observations, filmed observations, interventions, and notes. It was found that current autism discourses and practices are based on a deficit model within Western paradigms, and therefore not compatible with inclusive, First Nations worldviews and perceptions of autism representations. Music is used for purposes such as relaxation, communication, and when studying. Indigenous music is not used in targeted music interventions. This article presents unique material, emphasizing the lack of cultural sensitivity, and colonial residue in music interventions for First Nations children with autism.
Presentation, treatment, and outcomes in patients with spontaneous isolated celiac and superior mesenteric artery dissection
Authors: DeCarlo Charles , Ganguli Suvranu , Borges Jorge C , Schainfeld Robert M , Mintz Ari J , Mintz Jessica , Jaff Michael R , Weinberg Ido
Published: September 2017

Spontaneous isolated celiac or superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection (SICMAD) is a rare clinical entity. Not much is known about the natural history and appropriate treatment. We retrospectively queried a prospectively collected institutional radiology database for all patients diagnosed with SICMAD from 1990 to 2017. We identified 42 arteries in 40 patients (83.3% male), mean age 54.8 ± 10.9 years, consisting of 24 celiac arteries and 18 SMA. SMA lesions were longer than celiac lesions (5.15 ± 3.81 vs 2.38 ± 1.40 cm, p = 0.008). Thirty-one patients had follow-up; mean follow-up was 4.9 ± 4.8 years. Morphologic improvement was seen in 20 (48%) arteries. Sakamoto IV lesions were more likely to remodel (OR: 11.26, 95% CI: 1.13, 588.26, p = 0.039), and Sakamoto II lesions less likely to remodel (OR: 0, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.93, p = 0.05). Patients received an average of 2.35 scans during follow-up. Symptom resolution occurred in all symptomatic patients, and 16% of patients had recurrence of symptoms. Follow-up CT scans revealed a stable arterial diameter for the majority of patients. In conclusion, the majority of patients with SICMAD improve with medical therapy alone. Aneurysmal dilatation is uncommon.
Distribution of autistic traits and their association with sociodemographic characteristics in Japanese workers
Authors: Suzuki Tomoko , Miyaki Koichi , Eguchi Hisashi , Tsutsumi Akizumi
Published: September 2017

This study aimed to confirm whether autistic traits are normally distributed across a population and to describe their association with the sociodemographic characteristics of Japanese workers. The participants were 2075 workers aged 23–65 years from various parts of Japan. Autistic traits were measured using an abridged Japanese version of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-Short). The AQ-Short comprises five subcomponents assessing a fascination for numbers and patterns (numbers/patterns), difficulties with imagination, a preference for routine, difficulties with social skills, and difficulties with switching attention. The five subcomponents of the autistic phenotype as well as the overall autistic phenotype itself were continuously distributed across the sample population of Japanese workers. Men had significantly higher AQ-Short scores than women. AQ-Short scores were not associated with age. Except for the numbers/patterns scores, workers of a lower socioeconomic status had significantly higher AQ-Short scores than their respective counterparts. For the numbers/patterns trait, workers of a higher socioeconomic status scored higher. Workers with low general physical activity had or tended to have higher scores for total and all subcomponent traits, except for the numbers/patterns trait. Generally, the autistic phenotype was more prevalent in workers of a low socioeconomic status, while a particular trait was prevalent among workers of a high socioeconomic status.
Reversing Schmitt: The sovereign as a guardian of rational pluralism and the peculiarity of the Islamic state of exception in al-Juwaynī’s dialectical theology
Authors: Abdel Meguid Ahmed
Published: September 2017

This study presents an Islamic conception of sovereignty from mainstream Sunni theology by closely examining Ghiyāth al-umam fī iltyāth aẓ-ẓulam, the major political work of Abū al-Ma‘ālī al-Juwaynī (d. 478 AH/1085 CE), one of the key figures of the Ash‘arī school. Like Carl Schmitt, al-Juwaynī attempts to excavate the grounds of sovereign power by considering states of exception to political norms; however, al-Juwaynī’s position is the reverse of Schmitt’s. Al-Juwaynī argues that the state of exception, which defines the essence of sovereignty, is the absence of the sovereign power and that the ultimate task of the sovereign is to secure a rationally pluralistic community. Examining al-Juwaynī’s Islamic conception of miracle ( mu‘jiza), the study argues that the epistemological foundation of his characterization of the function of the sovereign power is based on a uniquely dialectical critique of rational absolutism.
Teaching the History of Psychology: A Content Analysis of Course Syllabi from Doctor of Psychology Programs
Authors: Merced Matthew , Stutman Zachariah E. , Mann Sandra T.
Published: September 2017

Psychology graduate students in the United States are expected to demonstrate competency in the history of psychology. Despite the topic’s importance, there are limited guidelines. The present study examined history and systems of psychology (HSP) course syllabi from American Psychological Association accredited Doctor of Psychology programs. Of those programs solicited (n = 62), 43.5% (n = 27) returned syllabi. Syllabus content was analyzed to develop a better understanding of when and how the course was taught. The HSP course was usually offered for three credits and was most often scheduled in the summer semester of a student’s third year of training. Most HSP courses used a lecture format and a textbook was the principal pedagogical resource; journal articles were often used as a supplemental resource. Primary sources and diversity-focused resources were used less frequently. The average syllabus had five learning objectives, although these objectives were rarely described in an observable and measurable manner. Objectives were rooted almost entirely in foundational competencies. Prevalent assessment methods included participation and exams. Nearly every course was organized chronologically. Frequent class topics included: behaviorism; functionalism; psychoanalysis; experimental psychology; and structuralism. There was little mention of historiography, major clinical psychology training conferences, or humanistic psychology.