bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AATOD's Parrino focusing on the star: Part 8 NPRM
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: January 2023

With all of the buzz swirling about buprenorphine — the victory of eliminating the X‐waiver claimed by Congress, the White House, the American Society of Addiction Medicine, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), the Drug Enforcement Administration, and on and on — what is the main organization dedicated to the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) with methadone (and buprenorphine), i.e., the American Association for the Treatment of Opioid Dependence (AATOD), up to? AATOD is looking carefully at, and responding to, the Part 8 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), which makes methadone treatment much more accessible and flexible than it was.
Fabrication of High‐Aspect Ratio Nanogratings for Phase‐Based X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Michalska Martyna , Rossi Alessandro , Kokot Gašper , Macdonald Callum M. , Cipiccia Silvia , Munro Peter R.T. , Olivo Alessandro , Papakonstantinou Ioannis
Published: January 2023

Diffractive optical elements such as periodic gratings are fundamental devices in X‐ray imaging – a technique that medical, material science, and security scans rely upon. Fabrication of such structures with high aspect ratios at the nanoscale creates opportunities to further advance such applications, especially in terms of relaxing X‐ray source coherence requirements. This is because typical grating‐based X‐ray phase imaging techniques (e.g., Talbot self‐imaging) require a coherence length of at least one grating period and ideally longer. In this paper, the fabrication challenges in achieving high‐aspect ratio nanogratings filled with gold are addressed by a combination of laser interference and nanoimprint lithography, physical vapor deposition, metal assisted chemical etching (MACE), and electroplating. This relatively simple and cost‐efficient approach is unlocked by an innovative post‐MACE drying step with hexamethyldisilazane, which effectively minimizes the stiction of the nanostructures. The theoretical limits of the approach are discussed and, experimentally, X‐ray nanogratings with aspect ratios >40 are demonstrated. Finally, their excellent diffractive abilities are shown when exposed to a hard (12.2 keV) monochromatic X‐ray beam at a synchrotron facility, and thus potential applicability in phase‐based X‐ray imaging.
Ultralow Charge Voltage Triggering Exceptional Post‐Charging Antibacterial Capability of Co3O4/MnOOH Nanoneedles for Skin Infection Treatment
Authors: Cao Xianshuo , Li Zongshao , Yang Fan , Xie Jinhao , Shi Xin , Yuan Peiyan , Ding Xin , Lu Xihong
Published: January 2023

The post‐charging antibacterial therapy is highly promising for treatment of Gram‐negative bacterial wound infections. However, the therapeutic efficacy of the current electrode materials is yet unsatisfactory due to their low charge storage capacity and limited reactive oxygen species (ROS) yields. Herein, the design of MnOOH decorated Co3O4 nanoneedles (MCO) with exceptional post‐charging antibacterial effect against Gram‐negative bacteria at a low charge voltage and their implementation as a robust antibacterial electrode for skin wound treatment are reported. Taking advantaging of the increased active sites and enhanced OH− adsorption capability, the charge storage capacity and ROS production of the MCO electrode are remarkably boosted. As a result, the MCO electrode after charging at an ultralow voltage of 1.4 V gives a 5.49 log and 5.82 log bacterial reduction in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) within an incubation time of only 5 min, respectively. More importantly, the antibacterial efficiency of the MCO electrode against multi‐drug resistant (MDR) bacteria including Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) and Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) also reaches 99.999%. In addition, the MCO electrode exhibits excellent reusability, and the role of extracellular ROS in enhancing post‐charging antibacterial activity is also unraveled.
Dopant‐Free Two‐Dimensional Hole Transport Small Molecules Enable Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Xiaofei , Zhou Tong , Fu Qiang , Wang Wenxuan , Wu Ziang , Zhang Mingtao , Guo Xugang , Liu Dongxue , Woo Han Young , Liu Yongsheng
Published: January 2023

Developing dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) to replace Spiro‐OMeTAD is a challenging but urgent issue for commercialization of state‐of‐the‐art n‐i‐p structured perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, this work proposes an effective two‐dimensional conjugate engineering strategy to tune molecular stacking orientation and improve the hole mobility of dopant‐free small molecule HTMs. For the first time, triphenylamine (TPA) groups are incorporated as side chains of benzo [1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) unit to extend the longitudinal conjugate, achieving two donor‐acceptor‐acceptor type 2D small molecules, namely XF2 and XF3, which show a dominant face‐on orientation and better hole transport mobility than the linear small molecule XF1. The incorporation of alkoxy Lewis base groups makes XF3 a more effective defect passivator for perovskite surfaces. As a result, the PSCs using pristine XF3 HTM show a dramatically improved efficiency of 20.59% along with improved long‐term stability compared to that of XF1 HTM (power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 18.84%). A champion efficiency of 21.44% is achieved through device engineering for dopant‐free XF3‐based PSCs. The results show that the building block with longitudinal conjugate extension in small molecules plays an essential role in the face‐on orientation morphology and elucidates a key design rule for the dopant‐free small molecule HTMs for high‐performance PSCs.
Maltose hydrogenation to maltitol over industrial Raney Ni catalyst: Kinetics and mechanism
Authors: Fan Haoan , Li Bolong , Zhao Xuezhi , Fang Zhecheng , Chen Chao , Zhou Wenhua , Yang Wulong , Li Mian , Lu Xiuyang , Fu Jie
Published: January 2023

The kinetics and mechanisms of selective maltose hydrogenation over Raney Ni remain poorly understood, which hinders the industrial advancement of maltitol production for biorefining. Herein, the impact of hydrogenation conditions and in‐depth mechanistic characterizations were carefully investigated in this research. Optimization of reaction conditions illustrated that maltitol formation was favored by moderate reaction temperatures (≤130°C), high hydrogen pressures (>7 MPa), and near‐neutral sodium phosphate buffer (pH = 6.47). Kinetic studies demonstrated the Ea of 45.5 kJ/mol for the hydrogenation of maltose. The in situ IR revealed that the hydrogenation of maltose over Raney Ni occurs in the order of ring opening and adsorption via CO of the aldose form followed by hydrogenation. The UV–vis spectra demonstrated the near‐neutral setting (pH = 6.47) promoted the production of open‐chain aldose conformation and selective CO hydrogenation to the corresponding alcohols. The present study on concentrated‐maltose hydrogenation paves the way for the industrial development of maltitol manufacturing.
Reproductive isolation between diploid and tetraploid individuals in mixed‐cytotype populations of Lycium australe
Authors: Schneider Derek J. , Levin Rachel A. , Miller Jill S.
Published: January 2023

Premise

Whole‐genome duplication is considered a major mechanism of sympatric speciation due to the creation of strong and instantaneous reproductive barriers. Although postzygotic reproductive isolation between diploids and polyploids is often expected, the extent of reproductive incompatibility must be empirically determined and compared to patterns of genetic isolation to fully characterize the reproductive dynamics between cytotypes.

Methods

We investigated reproductive compatibility between diploid and tetraploid Lycium australe in two mixed‐cytotype populations using (1) controlled crossing experiments to evaluate fruit and seed production and (2) germination trials to test seed viability following homoploid and heteroploid crosses. We contrast these experiments with a single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data set to measure genetic isolation between cytotypes and explore whether cytotype or population origin better explains patterns of genetic variation. Finally, we explore mating patterns using the observed germination rates of naturally produced seeds in each population.

Results

Although homoploid and heteroploid crosses resulted in similar fruit and seed production, reproductive isolation between co‐occurring diploids and tetraploids was nearly complete, due to low seed viability following heteroploid crosses. Of 191,182 total SNPs, 21,679 were present in ≥90% of individuals and replicate runs using unlinked SNPs revealed strong clustering by cytotype and differentiation of tetraploids based on population origin.

Conclusions

As often reported, diploid and tetraploid L. australe experience strong postzygotic isolation via hybrid seed inviability. Consistent with this result, cytotype explained a greater amount of variation in the SNP data set than population origin, despite some evidence of historical introgression.
PPM1K defects cause mild maple syrup urine disease: The second case in the literature
Authors: Ozcelik Firat , Arslan Sezai , Ozguc Caliskan Busra , Kardas Fatih , Ozkul Yusuf , Dundar Munis
Published: January 2023

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by the insufficient catabolism of branched‐chain amino acids. BCKDHA, BCKDHB, DBT, and DLD encode the subunits of the branched‐chain α‐ketoacid dehydrogenase complex, which is responsible for the catabolism of these amino acids. Biallelic pathogenic variants in BCKDHA, BCKDHB, or DBT are characteristic of MSUD. In addition, a patient with a PPM1K defect was previously reported. PPM1K dephosphorylates and activates the enzyme complex. We report a patient with MSUD with mild findings and elevated BCAA levels carrying a novel homozygous start‐loss variant in PPM1K. Our study offers further evidence that PPM1K variants cause mild MSUD.
Discovery of a Unique Flavonoid Biosynthesis Mechanism in Fungi by Genome Mining
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Xuan , Feng Dandan , Liang Yajing , Wu Zhenying , Du Siyu , Zhou Yu , Geng Ce , Men Ping , Fu Chunxiang , Huang Xuenian , Lu Xuefeng
Published: January 2023

Flavonoids are important plant natural products with variable structures and bioactivities. All known plant flavonoids are generated under the catalysis of a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) followed by a chalcone isomerase (CHI) and a flavone synthase (FNS). In this study, the biosynthetic gene cluster of chlorflavonin, a fungal flavonoid with acetolactate synthase inhibitory activity, was discovered using a self‐resistance‐gene‐directed strategy. A novel flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in fungi was revealed. A core nonribosomal peptide synthetase‐polyketide synthase (NRPS‐PKS) is responsible for the generation of the key precursor chalcone. Then, a new type of CHI catalyzes the conversion of a chalcone into a flavanone by a histidine‐mediated oxa‐Michael addition mechanism. Finally, the desaturation of flavanone to flavone is catalyzed by a new type of FNS, a flavin mononucleotide (FMN)‐dependent oxidoreductase.
Electronically Ambivalent Hydrodefluorination of Aryl‐CF3 groups enabled by Electrochemical Deep‐Reduction on a Ni Cathode
Authors: Box John R. , Avanthay Mickaël E. , Poole Darren L. , Lennox Alastair J. J.
Published: January 2023

The Ar‐CF2H moiety is featured in an increasing number of bioactive compounds due to its unique combination of properties. The hydrodefluorination of Ar‐CF3 compounds is a direct and efficient route toward this motif. As reported methods for this transformation have focused on specific substrate families, herein we describe a general—electronically ambivalent—procedure for the single‐step direct mono‐hydrodefluorination of a variety of feedstock and functionalized Ar‐CF3 compounds. Exploiting the inherent tunability of electrochemistry and the selectivity enabled by a Ni cathode, the deep reduction garners high selectivity for ArCF2H products, with good to excellent yields up to gram scale. The protocol has been extended to a single‐step di‐hydrodefluorination yielding benzyl fluorides. The late‐stage peripheral editing of a single CF3 feedstock to construct fluoromethyl (CF2H, CFH2) moieties will aid the rapid diversification of lead‐compounds and compound libraries.
Sr(Ag1−xLix)2Se2 and [Sr3Se2][(Ag1−xLix)2Se2] Tunable Direct Band Gap Semiconductors
Authors: Zhou Xiuquan , Wilfong Brandon , Chen Xinglong , Laing Craig , Pandey Indra R. , Chen Ying‐Pin , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Chung Duck‐Young , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: January 2023

Synthesizing solids in molten fluxes enables the rapid diffusion of soluble species at temperatures lower than in solid‐state reactions, leading to crystal formation of kinetically stable compounds. In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of mixed hydroxide and halide fluxes in synthesizing complex Sr/Ag/Se in mixed LiOH/LiCl. We have accessed a series of two‐dimensional Sr(Ag1−xLix)2Se2 layered phases. With increased LiOH/LiCl ratio or reaction temperature, Li partially substituted Ag to form solid solutions of Sr(Ag1−xLix)2Se2 with x up to 0.45. In addition, a new type of intergrowth compound [Sr3Se2][(Ag1−xLix)2Se2] was synthesized upon further reaction of Sr(Ag1−xLix)2Se2 with SrSe. Both Sr(Ag1−xLix)2Se2 and [Sr3Se2][(Ag1−xLix)2Se2] exhibit a direct band gap, which increases with increasing Li substitution (x). Therefore, the band gap of Sr(Ag1−xLix)2Se2 can be precisely tuned via fine‐tuning x that is controlled by only the flux ratio and temperature.
Nanoconfinement‐Guided Construction of Nanozymes for Determining H2O2 Produced by Sonication
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Yuting , Liu Wanling , Fei Houguo , Guo Cunlan , Wei Hui
Published: January 2023

Nanomaterials with enzyme‐like activities, termed as nanozymes, have found wide applications in various fields. It has been a long‐term aim to rationally design and synthesize highly active nanozymes and thus to further improve their application performance. Guided by the nanoconfinement effect, we confine cytochrome c (Cyt c) within a mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF), PCN‐222 nanoparticle (NP), forming a protein/MOF hybrid nanozyme, termed as Cyt c@PCN‐222 NP. The confined Cyt c exhibits around 3–4‐fold higher peroxidase‐like activity than free Cyt c. Due to the increase in the activity of Cyt c, the Cyt c@PCN‐222 NPs exhibit a quite low limit of detection (≈0.13 μM) towards H2O2. Sonication‐induced H2O2 formation in water by using a lab‐quipped ultrasonic cleaner can be sensitively probed, which suggests that H2O2‐sensitive materials should be carefully handled during the utilization of ultrasonic equipment. We speculate that this nanoconfinement strategy can broaden our synthetic methodology for the rational design of nanozymes.
Visible‐Light Promoted Intramolecular para‐Cycloadditions on Simple Aromatics
Authors: Chiminelli Maurizio , Serafino Andrea , Ruggeri Davide , Marchiò Luciano , Bigi Franca , Maggi Raimondo , Malacria Max , Maestri Giovanni
Published: January 2023

Dearomative cycloadditions are a powerful tool to access a large chemical space exploiting simple and ubiquitous building blocks. The energetic burden due to the loss of aromaticity has however greatly limited their synthetic potential. We devised a general intramolecular method that overcomes these limitations thanks to the photosensitization of allenamides. The visible‐light‐promoted process gives complex [2.2.2]‐(hetero)‐bicyclooctadienes at room temperature, likely through the stabilization of transient (bi)radicals by naphthalene. The reaction tolerates several valuable functionalities, offering a convenient handle for a myriad of applications, including original isoindoles and metal complexes.
Prebiotic Synthesis and Isomerization in Interstellar Analog Ice: Glycinal, Acetamide, and Their Enol Tautomers
Authors: Marks Joshua H. , Wang Jia , Kleimeier N. Fabian , Turner Andrew M. , Eckhardt André K. , Kaiser Ralf I.
Published: January 2023

Glycinal (HCOCH2NH2) and acetamide (CH3CONH2) are simple molecular building blocks of biomolecules in prebiotic chemistry, though their origin on early Earth and formation in interstellar media remain a mystery. These molecules are formed with their tautomers in low temperature interstellar model ices upon interaction with simulated galactic cosmic rays. Glycinal and acetamide are accessed via barrierless radical‐radical reactions of vinoxy (⋅CH2CHO) and acetyl (⋅C(O)CH3), and then undergo keto‐enol tautomerization. Exploiting tunable photoionization reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy and photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves, these results demonstrate fundamental reaction pathways for the formation of complex organics through non‐equilibrium ice reactions in cold molecular cloud environments. These molecules demonstrate an unconventional starting point for abiotic synthesis of organics relevant to contemporary biomolecules like polypeptides and cell membranes in deep space.
Developmentally Appropriate Care of Pediatric Patients in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Musselman Elaine , Shea Kathleen , Johnson Lora
Published: January 2023

Pediatric patients do not undergo procedures exclusively at pediatric specialty facilities. Many perioperative nurses will care for a pediatric patient at some point in their career. Children and their caregivers often experience elevated levels of anxiety during the perioperative experience. Possessing knowledge of the child's age and developmental stage and using effective communication techniques can decrease this anxiety. This article presents insights into the stages of pediatric cognitive and psychosocial development and special pediatric health care considerations. Approaching and interacting with a child in a manner appropriate for their age and developmental stage can foster a more trusting nurse‐child‐caregiver relationship and reassure the caregiver that the perioperative team is providing their child with safe, high‐quality care. Also included are five hypothetical case studies that illustrate effective communication styles and developmentally appropriate techniques that personnel can apply during the pediatric patient's perioperative experience.
Clinical Issues — February 2023
Authors: deKay Karen
Published: January 2023

THIS MONTH

Frequency of OR wall and ceiling cleaning

Key words: environmental surfaces, high‐touch surfaces, contamination, cleaning frequency, hand contact.

Waterborne pathogen development and associated risks

Key words: Legionella, premise plumbing system, opportunistic pathogens, biofilm, electronic sensor faucet.

Water management program teams and perioperative services

Key words: water supply safety, facility water system, waterborne pathogen prevention plan, faucets, drains.

Minimizing waterborne pathogens in perioperative areas

Key words: waterborne pathogen dispersal, cross contamination, splash guards, high‐risk hardware, sinks.
Bio‐based novolac resins from cashew nut processing waste: Alternative resource for the development of high‐value sustainable products
Authors: da Silva Kássia Teixeira , Oliveira Beatriz S. , da Silva Lucas R. R. , Mattos Adriano L. A. , Mazzetto Selma E. , Lomonaco Diego
Published: January 2023

In the last decades, there is an increasing trend for replacing petro‐based adhesives with sustainable and eco‐friendly alternatives, especially in the wood industry. In this work it was developed and characterized novolac‐type phenolic resins from the full use of the cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), an agro‐industrial residue and a rich source of phenolic compounds, sustainable alternative to petroleum‐derived chemicals, to develop bio‐based polymers. CNSL and paraformaldehyde were reacted, using oxalic acid as a catalyst, under a solvent‐free methodology. A dark and viscous resin of high molar mass and thermally stable was obtained. The development of highly bio‐based adhesives was proposed by combining CNSL‐based novolac resin (CNSL‐nov) with commercial epoxy resin (DGEBA), as an alternative to conventional hardeners. The use of the epoxy‐novolac system proved to be efficient and promising in obtaining new highly cross‐linked polymers with excellent thermal performance and with potential for wood industry, improving the bio‐based content of high‐performance adhesive.
Regulation of Photosensitivity by the Hippo Pathway in Lupus Skin
Authors: Hile Grace A. , Coit Patrick , Xu Bin , Victory Amanda M. , Gharaee‐Kermani Mehrnaz , Estadt Shannon N. , Maz Mitra P. , Martens Jacob W. S. , Wasikowski Rachael , Dobry Craig , Tsoi Lam C. , Iglesias‐Bartolome Ramiro , Berthier Celine C. , Billi Allison C. , Gudjonsson Johann E. , Sawalha Amr H. , Kahlenberg J. Michelle
Published: January 2023

Objective

Photosensitivity is one of the most common manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet its pathogenesis is not well understood. The normal‐appearing epidermis of patients with SLE exhibits increased ultraviolet B (UVB)–driven cell death that persists in cell culture. Here, we investigated the role of epigenetic modification and Hippo signaling in enhanced UVB‐induced apoptosis seen in SLE keratinocytes.

Methods

We analyzed DNA methylation in cultured keratinocytes from SLE patients compared to keratinocytes from healthy controls (n = 6/group). Protein expression was validated in cultured keratinocytes using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. An immortalized keratinocyte line overexpressing WWC1 was generated via lentiviral vector. WWC1‐driven changes were inhibited using a large tumor suppressor kinase 1/2 (LATS1/2) inhibitor (TRULI) and small interfering RNA (siRNA). The interaction between the Yes‐associated protein (YAP) and the transcriptional enhancer associate domain (TEAD) was inhibited by overexpression of an N/TERT cell line expressing a tetracycline‐inducible green fluorescent protein–tagged protein that inhibits YAP–TEAD binding (TEADi). Apoptosis was assessed using cleaved caspase 3/7 and TUNEL staining.

Results

Hippo signaling was the top differentially methylated pathway in SLE versus control keratinocytes. SLE keratinocytes (n = 6) showed significant hypomethylation (Δβ = −0.153) and thus overexpression of the Hippo regulator WWC1 (P = 0.002). WWC1 overexpression increased LATS1/2 kinase activation, leading to YAP cytoplasmic retention and altered proapoptotic transcription in SLE keratinocytes. Accordingly, UVB‐mediated apoptosis in keratinocytes could be enhanced by WWC1 overexpression or YAP–TEAD inhibition, mimicking SLE keratinocytes. Importantly, inhibition of LATS1/2 with either the chemical inhibitor TRULI or siRNA effectively eliminated enhanced UVB‐apoptosis in SLE keratinocytes.

Conclusion

Our work unravels a novel driver of photosensitivity in SLE: overactive Hippo signaling in SLE keratinocytes restricts YAP transcriptional activity, leading to shifts that promote UVB apoptosis.

image
Activation Mechanism of a Peroxymonosulfate‐based Fenton‐like System with Birnessite and Cu2+ Modified Birnessite
Authors: Guo Rujia , Hu Shiyu , Gao Yiqian , Chen Feng
Published: January 2023

The peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation mechanism is closely related to the structure/configuration of the “active site” of the Fenton‐like catalysts. In this paper, it is shown that Cu2+ chemically bonds the surface of birnessite at the Mn vacancy site to form triple‐corner‐sharing inner‐sphere surface complexes (Cu‐Bir), which regulates the PMS activation mechanism. Birnessite/PMS Fenton‐like system degrades phenol via a non‐radical mechanism, which involves high valent Mn(V)=O generated from the surface reaction of Mn(III) with adsorbed PMS. While Cu‐Bir initiates an additional radical mechanism that involves reactive oxygen species of ⋅O2− and 1O2, and the k value of 5Cu‐Bir is 1.9 times higher than that of Bir. The Fenton‐like reaction mechanism of the Cu‐Bir/PMS system is thus proposed as a radical and non‐radical cooccurrence mechanism, which involves a synergistic effect that the radical pathway accelerates the regeneration of Mn(III) for the non‐radical pathway, and the non‐radical pathway assists to produce 1O2 for the radical pathway.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering integrating with machine learning for green tea storage time identification
Authors: Li Fan , Huang Yuting , Wang Xueqing , Wang Dongmei , Fan Meikun
Published: January 2023

The rapid and accurate identification of complex samples still remains a great challenge, especially for those with similar compositions. In this work, we report an integration strategy consisting of surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and machine learning to discriminate complex and similar analytes, in this case green tea products with different storage times. Surface‐functionalized Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were used as a SERS substrate to reveal the changes in the sensory components of green tea with variable storage time. Principal components analysis (PCA)‐based support vector machine (SVM) classification was used to extract the key spectral features and identify green tea with different storage times. The results showed that such an integration strategy achieved high predictive accuracy on time tag discrimination for green tea. The multiclass SVM classifier successfully recognized green tea with different storage times at a prediction accuracy of 95.9%, sensitivity of 96.6%, and specificity of 98.8%. Therefore, this work illustrates that the SERS‐based PCA‐SVM platform might be a facile and reliable tool for the identification of complex matrices with subtle differentiations.
A novel membrane stirrer system enables foam‐free biosurfactant production
Authors: Bongartz Patrick , Karmainski Tobias , Meyer Moritz , Linkhorst John , Tiso Till , Blank Lars M. , Wessling Matthias
Published: January 2023

Bioreactors are the operative backbone, for example, for the production of biopharmaceuticals, biomaterials in tissue engineering, and sustainable substitutes for chemicals. Still, the Achilles' heel of bioreactors nowadays is the aeration which is based on intense stirring and gas sparging, yielding inherent drawbacks such as shear stress, foaming, and sterility concerns. We present the synergistic combination of simulations and experiments toward a membrane stirrer for the efficient bubble‐free aeration of bioreactors. A digital twin of the bioreactor with an integrated membrane‐module stirrer (MemStir) was developed with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies addressing the determination of fluid mixing, shear rates, and local oxygen concentration. Usability of the MemStir is shown in a foam‐free recombinant production process of biosurfactants (rhamnolipids) from glucose with different strains ofPseudomonas putidaKT2440 in a 3‐L vessel and benchmarked against a regular aerated process. The MemStir delivered a maximal oxygen transfer rate (OTRmax) of 175 mmol L−1h−1in completely foam‐free cultivations. With a high space‐time yield (STY) of 118 mgRLL−1h−1during a fed‐batch fermentation, the effectiveness of the novel MemStir is demonstrated. Simulations show the generic value of the MemStir beyond biosurfactant production, for example, for animal cell cultivation.
Extraction, Purification and Electrical Characterization of Gross Galactomannan and Purified Galactomannan Obtained from Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds
Authors: Silva Neto J. F. , Pereira W. O. , Cavalcante L. A. , Oliveira Neto J. G. , Graça M. P. F. , Gavinho S. R. , Amaral F. M. B. , Santos A. O. , Sombra A. S. B. , Mendes Fernando , Macêdo A. A. M.
Published: January 2023

Aiming of self‐sustainable production, the search for biodegradable and biocompatible materials has brought with it the need to know the physicochemical and dielectric characteristics of polysaccharide‐based composite structures, which can be used as important and promising raw materials for biotechnology and electronic industries. Galactomannans are polysaccharides, extracted from seeds and microbiological sources, consisting of mannose and galactose. In this context, this work aimed to extract, purify and characterize by XRD, FTIR and impedance spectroscopy galactomannan obtained from seeds of Adenanthera pavonina L. The purification process was made with ethyl alcohol at concentrations of 70, 80 and 90 %. Polymeric films were prepared by solvent slow evaporation at low temperatures. XRD measurements revealed that Galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L., after purification, has a semi‐crystalline structure due to the identification of two peaks the first between 5.849° and 6.118° and the second between 20.011° and 20.247°. FTIR spectra showed the functional groups associated with monosaccharides of the galactomannan from Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds, as well as the typical polysaccharide bands and peaks, confirmed by literature data. The impedance results give an increment on the state‐of‐the‐art of this biomaterial by showing the existence of dielectric relaxations, independent of the degree of purification, using the dielectric modulus formalism. The permittivity analysis reveals the presence of water in the structure of the film, whose dipoles contribute to the relatively high value of the dielectric constant. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that purified galactomannan has the potential for possible applications in the electronics industry as a green and eco‐friendly dielectric material.
The Preventive and Therapeutic Potential of the Flavonoids in Liver Cirrhosis: Current and Future Perspectives
Authors: Sahu Rakesh , Goswami Sourav , Narahari Sastry G. , Rawal Ravindra K.
Published: January 2023

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) may vary from moderately mild non‐alcohol fatty liver (NAFL) towards the malignant variant known as non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is marked by fatty liver inflammation and may progress to liver cirrhosis (LC), liver cancer, fibrosis, or liver failure. Flavonoids can protect the liver from toxins through their anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anti‐cancer, and antifibrogenic pharmacological activities. Furthermore, flavonoids protect against LC by regulation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) trans‐differentiation, inhibiting growth factors like TGF‐β and platelets‐derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), viral infections like hepatitis‐B, C and D viruses (HBV, HCV & HDV), autoimmune‐induced, alcohol‐induced, metabolic disorder‐induced, causing by apoptosis, and regulating MAPK pathways. These flavonoids may be explored in the future as a therapeutic solution for hepatic diseases.
The student success center network provides national infrastructure for supporting and scaling reform
Authors: Juncos Andrea
Published: January 2023

The Student Success Center Network (SSCN) is dedicated to advancing racial justice and economic mobility by dramatically and equitably increasing the number of students earning postsecondary credentials with labor market value. Managed by Jobs for the Future, the SSCN has worked since 2012 to develop, implement, and scale student success strategies nationally. Each of the 16 statewide Student Success Centers supports community colleges in its state to increase student completion rates, close equity gaps, and strengthen communities. Throughout its history, the SSCN has evolved from a loose association of a few organizations to a powerful “network of networks” that collectively serves over 500 colleges and drives student success reforms, such as Guided Pathways, on a national scale. As the Network grows in size and maturity, it has strengthened its impact as a vehicle for supporting and scaling reform and evolved to meet the changing needs of learners.
Leveraging the coalition of the willing for student success in Michigan
Authors: Schanker Jennifer Ballard , Orians Erica Lee
Published: January 2023

This chapter reflects on how the Michigan Center for Student Success (MCSS) has leveraged its position within a membership organization for community college presidents and trustees to engage in statewide student success efforts in a state with a unique higher education governance structure. With no formal higher education governing body to set policy or coordinate initiatives, the MCSS has relied on individual leaders and practitioners within institutions to create a coalition of the willing who have worked to move the student success agenda forward. The article provides a political and historical context for the center's founding, explores the center's accomplishments, and concludes by discussing considerations for coalition leaders in other states.
Igniting statewide mathematics re‐design: A cross‐sector, grassroots approach
Authors: Henderson Carrie , Ivey Abbey
Published: January 2023

Mathematics continues to be one of the most significant barriers to student success, particularly in the community college sector. Many students are placed into the algebra‐based track, which is often viewed as the “safe” or most desirable option, when they likely would have been better served in an alternative mathematics pathway more closely aligned to their academic and career goals. However, transformative mathematics re‐design that moves away from the default algebra pathway and traditional content and delivery of instruction is best facilitated by a cross‐sector, faculty‐driven approach to create scalable change to increase student success in mathematics. This chapter highlights the efforts of the Florida Student Success Center in driving statewide mathematics reform and creating distinct statewide mathematics pathways using a grassroots approach driven by experts in the K‐12, college, and university sectors. Practical insight and guidance are provided using Loverme and Kotter's (2019) 8‐Step change process framework.
Differentiation syndrome in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Elamin Nusiba H. , Rashid Farah , Afana Muhammad S. , Cherif Honar , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: January 2023

A 48‐year‐old male diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) started on all‐trans‐retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide, developed typical symptoms of differentiation syndrome, and improved dramatically on steroids. Hence, any APL patient started on chemotherapy, needs to be monitored closely for developing differentiation syndrome and to start steroid upon suspicion.
Interhemispheric gravity‐assisted approach for microsurgical resection of a splenium arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Harris Jacob C. , Borja Austin J. , Glauser Gregory , Detchou Donald K. E. , Howard Susanna D. , Choudhri Omar A.
Published: January 2023

The parietal interhemispheric approach employing gravity retraction with skeletonization of bridging veins provides an excellent operative window for safe, curative resection of splenial arteriovenous malformations.
Strain Engineering to Boost Piezocatalytic Activity of BaTiO3
Authors: Ai Jun‐Di , Jin Cheng‐Chao , Liu Dai‐Ming , Zhang Jin‐Tao , Zhang Ling‐Xia
Published: January 2023

Piezoelectric materials are sensitive to lattice strain, which is always related with their macroscopic properties. Therefore, it is of scientific significance to improve piezocatalytic performance by strain engineering and clarify the underlying mechanism. Herein, BaTiO3 (BTO) powder is fabricated by a solid‐state reaction and ball‐milling is employed to induce lattice strain in BTO. By prolonging ball‐milling time, the lattice strain increases, leading to an enhancement of tetragonality and piezocatalytic performance of BTO. The strain‐engineered BTO exhibited an excellent piezocatalytic activity, with a degradation rate constant k of ∼0.03 min−1 and a H2 evolution rate of 0.899 mmol g−1 h−1, which are 3 and 3.52 times those of the strain‐free one, respectively. The enhanced piezocatalytic performance can be ascribed to the improved piezoelectricity, piezoelectric polarization and adsorption activities for O2, OH and H of the strain‐engineered BTO. This work not only provides a simple and general method to improve piezocatalytic performance by strain engineering, but also unveils the enhancement mechanism.
CO2 Methanation over Cobalt Nanoparticles Embedded in ZIF‐L–Derived Porous Carbon
Authors: Gholampour Nadia , Zhao Yingrui , Devred François , Sassoye Capucine , Casale Sandra , Debecker Damien P.
Published: January 2023

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 into CH4 is an effective method to convert waste CO2 and green hydrogen into clean fuel on a large scale. However, the viability of such process largely relies on the development of highly active heterogeneous catalysts. Here, a tailored methanation catalyst, Co nanoparticles immobilized into a highly porous N‐doped carbon matrix, is prepared by the carbonization of a cobalt‐based layered zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF−L) material under an argon atmosphere. This catalyst displays a specific activity of 22.3 molCH4/gcat.min at 350 °C, significantly outperforming a similar catalyst derived from the more conventional ZIF‐67 (11.7 molCH4/gcat.min). This is explained by the stabilization of small Co nanoparticles (∼20 nm) and by the presence of abundant medium‐strength basic sites related to the nitrogen doping in the catalyst prepared from ZIF−L. Notably, the new catalyst shows high stability; no deactivation is observed up to 60 hours on stream.
Divergent Construction of N‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Indole as the Nitrogen Source Building Block
Authors: Bao Ming , Xie Xiongda , Huang Jingjing , Doyle Michael P. , Ren Zhi , Yue Haibo , Xu Xinfang
Published: January 2023

An Ag/Au‐catalyzed divergent cascade reaction of alkyne embedded diazoketones with indoles has been described. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction goes through a [4+2]‐cycloaddition of an in situ formed isobenzopyrylium intermediate with indole, followed by a sequential retro‐Michael addition/carbene N−H insertion process to give the benzo[i]phenanthridines products with gold catalysis; whereas a dearomatization/rearomatization sequence occurs favourably when the reaction is catalyzed by a silver catalyst, delivering benzo[b]carbazoles in generally high to excellent yields. Notably, this is a rare example of using indole as the dienophile for cycloaddition with the isobenzopyrylium species, providing a concise and practical approach for the selective construction of N‐doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with structural diversity and broad functional‐group compatibility.
Drei neue Erlenmeyerchen‐Cartoons aus dem ChiuZ‐Schülerwettbewerb
Authors:   Eure Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Chemie ist…“ Die Erklär‐Profis der GDCh für alle Fälle der täglichen Chemie
Published: January 2023

Da ist die Jury der Arbeitsgemeinschaft „Chemie ist …“ ganz schön ins Schwitzen gekommen. Viele schöne, interessante und lustige Einsendungen von ganz verschiedenen Schularten und Klassenstufen haben uns zum Erlenmeyerchen‐Cartoonwettbewerb erreicht. Wir waren begeistert und erstaunt, welche Themen rund um die Chemie Euch beschäftigen.
Aber bitte mit Doppelhelix – die DNA von Tomate, Banane und Co. auf dem Zahnstocher
Authors: Endres Wiebke
Published: January 2023

Sie treffen sich täglich um viertel nach drei … Mathilde, Ottilie, Marie und Liliane sind dabei so einzigartig, wie die von ihnen genossenen Kuchensorten Schwarzwälder Kirsch, Sahne‐Baiser, Bienenstich und Buttercremetorte – aber bitte mit Doppelhelix
The prognostic role of 1q21 gain/amplification in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: The faster, the worse
Authors: Wang Yawen , Xu Jiadai , Xu Bei , Li Panpan , Yang Yang , Wang Wenjing , Xu Tianhong , Maihemaiti Aziguli , Lan Tianwei , Wang Pu , Ren Liang , Zhou Chi , Aihemaiti Xianmuseye , Liu Peng
Published: January 2023

Background

The prognostic value of additional copies of chromosome 1q (1q gain/amplification [amp]) in multiple myeloma (MM) remains controversial. In the meantime, the kinetics of the response to MM therapy has long been an area of debate. Few studies have pointed out the relationship of response kinetics with cytogenetic abnormalities (CAs) in MM.

Methods

The authors retrospectively analyzed the data of 1068 real‐world newly diagnosed MM patients from a Chinese national medical center.

Results

Overall, 405 (51.9%) patients had 1q gain/amp, with aggressive clinical characteristics and significant inferior survival. The variation in copy number (CN) of 1q (CN = 3 or CN >3) had no significant impact on the survival of MM patients with 1q abnormalities. No difference was found in the outcome of 1q gain/amp patients treated with doublet or triplet regimens. Upfront autologous stem cell transplantation could eliminate the adverse prognostic effect of 1q gain but not 1q amp. The duration from diagnosis to the first time achieving very good partial response (VGPR) or better was significantly shorter in patients with 1q gain/amp (77 days vs. 100 days, p = .001). Finally, multifactor regression analysis was performed to construct a new risk stratification model in MM patients with 1q gain/amp, which was validated in the Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation CoMMpass study cohort and worked better than the Revised International Staging System and Second Revision of the International Staging System (Harrell's concordance index: 0.631 vs. 0.598 and 0.537).

Conclusions

In the setting of novel therapy, 1q gain/amp still acts as an independent adverse prognostic factor. Patients with 1q gain/amp achieved VGPR rapidly but had inferior survival.
Effect of neonatal seizure burden and etiology on the long‐term outcome: data from a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Trowbridge Sara K. , Condie Lois O. , Landers Jessica R. , Bergin Ann M. , Grant Patricia E. , Krishnamoorthy Kalpathy , Rofeberg Valerie , Wypij David , Staley Kevin J. , Soul Janet S. ,   for the Boston Bumetanide Trial Group
Published: January 2023

Background

Neonatal seizures are common, but the impact of neonatal seizures on long‐term neurologic outcomes remains unclear. We addressed this question by analyzing data from an early‐phase controlled trial of bumetanide to treat neonatal seizures.

Methods

Neonatal seizure burden was calculated from continuous video‐electroencephalogram data. Neurologic outcome was determined by standardized developmental tests and postneonatal seizure recurrence.

Results

Of 111 enrolled neonates, 43 were randomized to treatment or control groups. There were no differences in neurologic outcomes between treatment and control groups. A subgroup analysis was performed for 84 neonates with acute perinatal brain injury (57 hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy [HIE], 18 stroke, 9 intracranial hemorrhage [ICH]), most of whom (70%) had neonatal seizures. There was a significant negative correlation between seizure burden and developmental scores (p < 0.01). Associations between seizure burden and developmental scores were stronger in HIE and stroke groups compared with ICH (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Bumetanide showed no long‐term beneficial or adverse effects, as expected based on treatment duration versus duration of neonatal seizures. For neonates with perinatal brain injury, higher neonatal seizure burden correlated significantly with the worse developmental outcome, particularly for ischemic versus hemorrhagic brain injury. These data highlight the need for further investigation of the long‐term effects of both neonatal seizure severity and etiology.
Hybrid optimization enabled deep learning and spark architecture using big data analytics for stock market forecasting
Authors: Kanchanamala Pendela , Karnati Ramesh , Bhaskar Reddy Palagiri Vijaya
Published: January 2023

The precise forecasting of stock prices is not possible because of the complexity and uncertainty of stock. The effectual model is needed for the triumphant assessment of upcoming stock prices for several companies. Here, an optimized deep model is utilized to effectively predict the stock market using the spark framework. Here, the data partitioning is done using deep embedded clustering, wherein the tuning of parameters is done using the proposed Jaya Anti Coronavirus Optimization (JACO) algorithm in the master node. The proposed JACO is developed by combining Jaya Algorithm and Anti‐Coronavirus Optimization algorithm. Then, important technical indicators are mined from divided data in slave nodes. Here, the technical indicators are considered features for enhanced processing. Then, data augmentation is done to make data suitable for processing in the master node. At last, the prediction was done in the master node using deep long short‐term memory (Deep LSTM), and training is performed with the proposed JACO. The proposed JACO‐based Deep LSTM attains the smallest mean absolute error of 0.113, mean squared error of 0.095, and root mean squared error of 0.309.
Cryogenic Chemistry and Quantitative Non‐Thermal Desorption from Pure Methanol Ices: High‐Energy Electron versus X‐Ray Induced Processes
Authors: Torres‐Díaz Daniela , Basalgète Romain , Bertin Mathieu , Fillion Jean‐Hugues , Michaut Xavier , Amiaud Lionel , Lafosse Anne
Published: January 2023

X‐Ray irradiation of interstellar ice analogues has recently been proven to induce desorption of molecules, thus being a potential source for the still‐unexplained presence of gaseous organics in the coldest regions of the interstellar medium, especially in protoplanetary disks. The proposed desorption mechanism involves the Auger decay of excited molecules following soft X‐ray absorption, known as X‐ray induced electron‐stimulated desorption (XESD). Aiming to quantify electron induced desorption in XESD, we irradiated pure methanol (CH3OH) ices at 23 K with 505 eV electrons, to simulate the Auger electrons originating from the O 1s core absorption. Desorption yields of neutral fragments and the effective methanol depletion cross‐section were quantitatively determined by mass spectrometry. We derived desorption yields in molecules per incident electron for CO, CO2, CH3OH, CH4/O, H2O, H2CO, C2H6 and other less abundant but more complex organic products. We obtained desorption yields remarkably similar to XESD values.
Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis
Authors: Dong Xiaohan , Sheng Keyan , Chen Zhiyan , Guo Changhao , Huang Jiang , Gu Yanlong
Published: January 2023

Invited for this month′s cover is the groups of Jiang Huang and Yanlong Gu at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The image shows a new method for the separation of dimethyl sulfoxide from a reaction solution of synthesizing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural by means of using a cellulose microgel fabricated by electron beam irradiation as a bio‐based absorbant. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201755.