bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of the Xi’an Metropolitan Area Based on the Coupling and Coordination of Ecosystem Services and Human Well-Being
Authors: Gao Yunsong , Zhang Pei , Xu Yuqian , Li Zhijun , Liu Kaixi
Published: February 2025

The escalating conflict between ecosystem degradation and the rising demands of humanity has rendered the attainment of a scientific balance between ecosystem services and human well-being a critical concern in research on human–environment coupling and sustainable development. Metropolitan areas are pivotal in long-term sustainable development strategies and regional equity due to rapid urbanization and the tension between ecosystem degradation and human well-being. This study proposes a novel perspective, transitioning from a “cascade” to a “coupling” approach in examining the relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being. Taking the Xi’an metropolitan area as the research subject, the research employs a coupling coordination degree model to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of their relationship across multiple scales. The key findings of the paper are as follows: (1) We found a severe shrinkage in the ecosystem service value (2000–2020). The ecosystem services in the Xi’an metropolitan area were significantly compromised under the pressure of homogenized human well-being improvement, resulting in weak coupling and coordination between the two. (2) There was a spatial imbalance between supply and demand. Ecosystem service values displayed a core-to-periphery increasing spatial pattern, while human well-being levels exhibited a core-to-periphery decreasing distribution, indicating a marked spatial mismatch. (3) Diverse coupling dynamics within the region were identified. Driven by factors such as the resource distribution, land use, scale effects, and benefit allocation, the coupling relationships between ecosystem services and human well-being varied across development stages and contexts. Ecosystem services functioned as either flexible facilitators or constraints on human well-being improvement. This research provides a blueprint for sustainable development, offering a framework to balance urban growth with ecological health while ensuring equitable well-being across the Xi’an metropolitan area. The study highlights the need for strict ecological space protection, enhanced urban development quality, and integrated human–environment system management. Efforts should focus on minimizing land use trade-offs and spatial competition, strengthening spatial synergy in supply–demand coupling, and promoting sustainable regional development.
Delivering an ESP Pedagogic Word List: Integrating Corpus Analysis, Materials Design, and Software Development
Authors: Fraser Simon , Higa Marshall Kiyoshi , Davies Walter
Published: February 2025

With vocabulary playing an essential role in the learning of English for Specific Purposes, teachers face the challenge of organising and teaching lexis in a way that maximises opportunities for acquisition. Specialised word lists offer a solution, but a major obstacle is how to integrate these lists into learning materials containing items used in actual discourse. In this paper, we report on research involving the creation of a medical English word list (MEWL), integrated into a set of specially designed materials for students at a national university in Japan. These materials, developed through needs analysis at the university’s medical school, are primarily organised around body systems, with an additional focus on doctor–patient communication. The MEWL is complemented by a list of word parts, aiming to sensitise students to complex medical terms. We describe the delivery of the list, first through the courses and materials, and then via the development of a vocabulary learning tool, Hi-Lex, which analyses texts against any word lists it contains. Hi-Lex allows learners to create personalised word lists and understand word usage in context. The findings of a small trial study of Hi-Lex (N = 31) illustrate how the software provides insight into students’ selections of words in specialised texts.
Methylphenidate in Borderline Personality Disorder: Assessing Its Therapeutic Potential and Limitations
Authors: Pardossi Simone , Cuomo Alessandro , Koukouna Despoina , Pinzi Mario , Firenzuoli Bernardo , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: February 2025

Impulsivity is increasingly recognized as a transdiagnostic feature that spans multiple psychiatric disorders, including borderline personality disorder (BPD), bipolar disorder, and substance use disorders. In BPD, impulsive behaviors manifest as substance misuse, risky sexual activity, self-injury, and other maladaptive patterns. This review article updates the clinical and preclinical literature to explore the biological and psychological bases of impulsivity in BPD and considers whether methylphenidate (MPH) can be used as a treatment in this context. Although no medication is specifically approved for BPD, limited evidence from patients with comorbid BPD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) indicates that MPH may reduce impulsivity and improve key symptoms. In addition, real-world data indicate that MPH may be associated with better outcomes and a lower risk of suicidal behaviors in patients with BPD. Nevertheless, such evidence remains scant, particularly among those with a primary diagnosis of BPD without a diagnosis of ADHD. Larger, methodologically rigorous studies are needed to clarify the efficacy and safety of MPH in targeting impulsivity within this population. An improved understanding of dopaminergic mechanisms may eventually shed light on MPH’s therapeutic role in BPD, although current data remain preliminary. Overall, recognizing impulsivity as a core symptom rather than focusing exclusively on diagnostic boundaries may facilitate more tailored and effective interventions for BPD.
Preoperative Ocular Biometric Parameters as Predictors of Intraocular Pressure Reduction After Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery in Non-Glaucomatous Eyes
Authors: Uzun Feyzahan , Findik Hüseyin , Kaim Muhammet
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between preoperative ocular biometric parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction after phacoemulsification in non-glaucomatous eyes. Methods: The charts of non-glaucomatous patients who underwent phacoemulsification and lens implantation were retrospectively reviewed. IOP was measured preoperatively and 3 months after surgery. The change in IOP and its relation to ocular biometric parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), and central corneal thickness (CCT), measured preoperatively by LENSTAR LS 900 (Haag-Streit, Inc., Koeniz, Switzerland), were evaluated. The impact of each parameter on the alteration in IOP was assessed using a regression model. Results: The analysis included 171 eyes of 145 patients, with a mean age of 68.7 ± 11 years. The average IOP reduction following cataract surgery was 3.0 ± 2.9 mmHg, decreasing from a preoperative mean of 16.3 ± 2.8 mmHg. The amount of IOP reduction showed statistically significant correlations with preoperative ocular parameters. Eyes with shallower anterior chambers demonstrated a greater IOP reduction (r = −0.307, p = 0.034), as did those with thicker lenses (r = 0.383, p = 0.026). Multivariate regression analysis further confirmed that higher preoperative IOP, shallower ACD, and thicker lenses were independently associated with greater postoperative IOP decreases (p < 0.001). AL and CCT did not exhibit significant associations with IOP reduction. Conclusions: The amount of IOP reduction is significantly greater in eyes with higher preoperative IOP, thicker lenses, and shallower anterior chamber after cataract surgery in non-glaucomatous eyes.
Prediction of Grain Structure and Texture in Twin-Roll Cast Aluminum Alloys Using Cellular Automaton–Finite Element Method
Authors: Cho Han-Gyoung , Kim Young Do , Kim Min-Seok
Published: February 2025

The twin-roll casting (TRC) process has gained significant attention for aluminum sheet production due to its cost-effectiveness and high processing efficiency. However, controlling the initial grain structure of TRC strips remains challenging due to the absence of a hot rolling stage, necessitating an advanced predictive modeling approach. In this study, a cellular automaton–finite element (CA-FE) model was developed to predict the grain structure and texture of aluminum strips fabricated via TRC. Both pure Al and AA7075 alloys were cast under identical conditions using a pilot-scale horizontal twin-roll caster, and their microstructures were characterized experimentally. The developed model incorporated a Gaussian nucleation distribution function and an equivalent binary approach to account for the solidification behavior of multicomponent alloys. The CA-FE simulation results successfully reproduced the key aspects of solidification, grain structure, and texture evolution of TRC strips. The predicted temperature distribution and solid fraction evolution showed distinct differences between the alloys, with pure Al forming columnar grains and AA7075 developing a fully equiaxed structure, which closely matched the experimental findings. Additionally, texture analysis using inverse pole figures (IPFs) and pole figures (PFs) revealed a clear <001> orientation in pure Al, whereas AA7075 exhibited a random texture, both of which were well captured by the CA-FE model. The findings indicate that the developed model offers a reliable prediction of the solidification microstructure and texture evolution in TRC strips, making it a valuable tool for optimizing continuous casting processes.
Theoretical Investigation and Parametric Sensitivity Analysis of Polypropylene–Polyester Fiber-Reinforced Recycled Brick Aggregate Concrete Pavement Humidity Warping Stress During the Service Life
Authors: Li Fei , Jin Shenghao , Cheng Peifeng , Wang Zehui
Published: February 2025

Pavement humidity warping is a critical factor limiting the application of PPRBAC on low-volume roads. A nonlinear wet-warping stress formula for PPRBAC slabs has been derived based on previous experimental results, and the finite element method was employed to develop a single-board model in order to verify the accuracy of the analytical solution. Subsequently, the finite difference method, in conjunction with the finite element method, was employed to investigate the calculation methodology for wet-warping stress in PPRBAC slabs during service. Finally, the Taguchi–GRA (gray relational analysis) method was selected to analyze the sensitivity of humidity warping factors affecting PPRBAC slabs. The findings indicate that compared to the traditional bending moment equivalent method, the wetness warping stress formula established in this study accounts for the nonlinearity of wetness warping stress and demonstrates higher accuracy. For PPRBAC pavements during the service period, assuming uniform initial humidity distribution along the height within the concrete does not align with practical observations. The calculated humidity warping stress and deformation using this assumption are 1.1 and 1.7 times those obtained from the comprehensive dry–wet calculation method. It is crucial to consider the wet stage’s impact on the dry stage in the calculations. The Taguchi–GRA method objectively determines the weight of factors affecting humidity warping in PPRBAC, with slab size, thickness, and flexural strength having the greatest influence.
Selective Ion Separation by Capacitive Deionization: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Xu Fanyi , Yuan Ling , Zhao Rui , Qin Bing , Zhang Feng , Ren Liming , Yang Hailun , Yuan Menglei
Published: February 2025

Within the last decade, in addition to water desalination, capacitive deionization (CDI) has been used for the resource recovery and selective separation of target ions in multicomponent solutions. CDI is a new technology for selectively extracting valuable metal ions from solutions using an electric field and electrode materials. Unlike traditional adsorption methods, it raises attention for its environmentally friendly process and low cost, especially for extracting valuable elements. CDI technology has advanced significantly in desalination and selective element extraction due to a deep understanding of ion storage, electrode material structure–activity relationships, solvent effects, and reactor design. However, it still faces challenges like short electrode cycle life, poor reversible absorption/desorption, low charge utilization, and limited ion selectivity. In this review, we commence with an examination of the historical development of CDI technology, followed by a comprehensive summary of the fundamental operating principles of capacitors. We then evaluate the criteria for assessing capacitor performance and analyze the advantages and disadvantages associated with various capacitor materials. According to the review, we address the current challenges and obstacles encountered in the advancement of capacitor technology and offer constructive recommendations for its future development.
Adaptive Deeping Siamese Residual Network: A Novel Model for Few-Shot Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Jiang Yonghua , Lu Maoli , Dong Zhilin , Jiang Zhichao , Jiao Weidong , Tang Chao , Sun Jianfeng , Xuan Zhongyi
Published: February 2025

The diagnostic performance of deep learning models is heavily reliant on large volumes of labeled training data. However, in practical applications, bearing fault samples are relatively scarce, and the availability of samples for effective model training is even more limited, leading to the suboptimal performance of traditional deep learning methods in bearing fault diagnosis. To address the issue of poor performance in few-shot bearing fault diagnosis, a novel Adaptive Deep Siamese Residual Network (ADSRN) is proposed in this study. Frequency-domain information is extracted using the Fourier Transform, and training samples are randomly paired according to the matching criteria defined by the Siamese network to augment the dataset. A novel Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) technique is applied to non-linearly adjust the sequence information, allowing for the precise calculation of the optimal match between two sequences by detecting subtle differences. Additionally, inspired by the concept of dynamic soft-hard threshold matching in unsupervised learning, an innovative strategy for dynamically adjusting the adaptive threshold has been developed to enhance the generalization capability of the proposed ADSRN. Multiple few-shot fault diagnosis experiments were conducted on two bearing datasets and compared with several state-of-the-art methods. Through rigorous experimental evaluations, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed ADSRN, as well as the advantages of DTW, were validated.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Independent Automotive Suspension by AI and Quantum Approaches: A Systematic Review
Authors: Arshad Muhammad Waqas , Lodi Stefano , Liu David Q.
Published: February 2025

The optimization of independent automotive suspension systems, which is one of the main pillars of the vehicle performance and comfort, is currently going through a revolutionary change due to the development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing. This paper aims to review the multi-objective optimization of suspension parameters including camber, caster, and toe to discuss the complex design issues that arise from geometric and dynamic considerations. Some of the most common computational methodologies, which are Genetic Algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Gradient Descent, are discussed in this paper along with the new quantum computing techniques such as Gate-Based quantum computing and Quantum Annealing (QA). In addition, this review incorporates information from the practice of automotive manufacturers who have incorporated the use of artificial intelligence and quantum computing in their suspension systems. However, there are still some issues remaining, such as the computational cost, real-time flexibility, and the applicability of theoretical concepts to actual engineering structures. Some potential future research directions are introduced in this paper, such as hybrid optimization approaches, quantum techniques, and adaptive materials, which are considered as potential directions for future development. This systematic review presents a conceptual framework for researchers and engineers to follow, stressing the importance of interdisciplinarity in the development of intelligent suspension systems with performance objectives that are capable of adjusting to various road conditions. The findings of this work underscore the growing importance of complex computational techniques in modern automotive industry and highlight their potential to shape future developments based on emerging trends and industry practices.
A Particle Swarm Optimization-Based Ensemble Broad Learning System for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis in Safety-Critical Energy Systems with High-Dimensional Small Samples
Authors: Yan Jiasheng , Sui Yang , Dai Tao
Published: February 2025

Intelligent fault diagnosis (IFD) plays a crucial role in reducing maintenance costs and enhancing the reliability of safety-critical energy systems (SCESs). In recent years, deep learning-based IFD methods have achieved high fault diagnosis accuracy extracting implicit higher-order correlations between features. However, the excessive long training time of deep learning models conflicts with the requirements of real-time analysis for IFD, hindering their further application in practical industrial environments. To address the aforementioned challenge, this paper proposes an innovative IFD method for SCES that combines the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the ensemble broad learning system (EBLS). Specifically, the broad learning system (BLS), known for its low time complexity and high classification accuracy, is adopted as an alternative to deep learning for fault diagnosis in SCES. Furthermore, EBLS is designed to enhance model stability and classification accuracy with high-dimensional small samples by incorporating the random forest (RF) algorithm and an ensemble strategy into the traditional BLS framework. In order to reduce the computational cost of the EBLS, which is constrained by the selection of its hyperparameters, the PSO algorithm is employed to optimize the hyperparameters of the EBLS. Finally, the model is validated through simulated data from a complex nuclear power plant (NPP). Numerical experiments reveal that the proposed method significantly improved the diagnostic efficiency while maintaining high accuracy. In summary, the proposed approach shows great promise for boosting the capabilities of the IFD models for SCES.
A Study of at Least Sixth Convergence Order Methods Without or with Memory and Divided Differences for Equations Under Generalized Continuity
Authors: Argyros Ioannis K. , Behl Ramandeep , Alharbi Sattam , Alotaibi Abdulaziz Mutlaq
Published: February 2025

Multistep methods typically use Taylor series to attain their convergence order, which necessitates the existence of derivatives not naturally present in the iterative functions. Other issues are the absence of a priori error estimates, information about the radius of convergence or the uniqueness of the solution. These restrictions impose constraints on the use of such methods, especially since these methods may converge. Consequently, local convergence analysis emerges as a more effective approach, as it relies on criteria involving only the operators of the methods. This expands the applicability of such methods, including in non-Euclidean space scenarios. Furthermore, this work uses majorizing sequences to address the more challenging semi-local convergence analysis, which was not explored in earlier research. We adopted generalized continuity constraints to control the derivatives and obtain sharper error estimates. The sufficient convergence criteria are demonstrated through examples.
A Chaotic Decomposition-Based Approach for Enhanced Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Alikhani Koupaei Javad , Ebadi Mohammad Javad
Published: February 2025

Multi-objective optimization problems often face challenges in balancing solution accuracy, computational efficiency, and convergence speed. Many existing methods struggle with achieving an optimal trade-off between exploration and exploitation, leading to premature convergence or excessive computational costs. To address these issues, this paper proposes a chaotic decomposition-based approach that leverages the ergodic properties of chaotic maps to enhance optimization performance. The proposed method consists of three key stages: (1) chaotic sequence initialization, which generates a diverse population to enhance the global search while reducing computational costs; (2) chaos-based correction, which integrates a three-point operator (TPO) and a local improvement operator (LIO) to refine the Pareto front and balance the exploration–exploitation trade-offs; and (3) Tchebycheff decomposition-based updating, ensuring efficient convergence toward optimal solutions. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted extensive experiments on a suite of benchmark problems and compared its performance with several state-of-the-art methods. The evaluation metrics, including inverted generational distance (IGD), generational distance (GD), and spacing (SP), demonstrated that the proposed method achieves competitive optimization accuracy and efficiency. While maintaining computational feasibility, our approach provides a well-balanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation, leading to improved solution diversity and convergence stability. The results establish the proposed algorithm as a promising alternative for solving multi-objective optimization problems.
The Application of Transformers with High-Temperature Superconducting Windings Considering the Skin Effect in Mobile Power Supply Systems
Authors: Manusov Vadim , Zicmane Inga , Galeev Ratmir , Beryozkina Svetlana , Safaraliev Murodbek
Published: February 2025

The active and passive components of transformer electrical equipment have reached their limits regarding modernization and optimization, leading to the implementation of innovative approaches. This is particularly relevant for mobile and autonomous energy complexes due to the introduction of increased frequency, which can be advantageous, especially in geoengineering, where the energy efficiency of electrical equipment is crucial. The new design of transformer equipment utilizing cryogenic technologies incorporates high-temperature superconducting (HTS) windings, a dielectric filler made of liquid nitrogen, and a three-dimensional magnetic system based on amorphous alloys. The finite element method showed that the skin effect does not impact HTS windings compared to conventional designs when the frequency increases. The analysis and synthesis of the parameters of the magnetic system made from amorphous iron and HTS windings in an HTS transformer with a dielectric medium of liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 77 K were performed, significantly reducing the mass and size characteristics of the HTS transformer compared to traditional counterparts while eliminating environmental and fire hazards. Based on these studies, an experimental prototype of an industrial HTS transformer with a capacity of 25 kVA was designed and manufactured.
Visceral and Dysfunctional Adiposity Indices as Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Keyif Betül , Yavuzcan Ali
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS often have metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The assessment of visceral adiposity and dysfunctional adipose tissue is crucial for understanding the metabolic risks associated with PCOS. The visceral adiposity index (VAI) and the dysfunctional adiposity index (DAI) are two novel metabolic indices that more specifically assess adipose tissue dysfunction and visceral fat accumulation. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of VAI and DAI as predictive markers for metabolic complications such as insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in women with PCOS. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 92 women diagnosed with PCOS based on the 2023 revised Rotterdam criteria, as well as 68 healthy controls. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, including fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, and hormonal markers, were recorded. VAI and DAI were calculated using established formulas derived from previous validated studies. Results: The mean VAI in PCOS patients was 4.26 ± 3.23, compared to 2.61 ± 1.92 in controls (p = 0.003). The mean DAI in PCOS patients was 3.00 ± 1.86, while in controls it was 1.86 ± 1.22 (p = 0.003). Both VAI (Area Under the Curve [AUC] = 0.639) and DAI (AUC = 0.635) did not demonstrate statistically significant diagnostic performance for PCOS itself, but they were strongly associated with metabolic disturbances within the PCOS group. VAI and DAI values were significantly elevated in PCOS patients with IR (p < 0.001) and MetS (p < 0.001). For MetS in PCOS patients, VAI demonstrated the highest predictive ability, with an AUC of 0.87 and a cutoff of 4.73 (sensitivity 62%, specificity 92%), while DAI had an AUC of 0.86 with a cutoff of 2.44 (sensitivity 74%, specificity 80%). Regarding IR in PCOS patients, VAI had an AUC of 0.75 with a cutoff of 2.56 (sensitivity 82%, specificity 56%), while DAI had an AUC of 0.74 with a cutoff of 1.59, showing a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 55%. Conclusions: Although VAI and DAI are not suitable for diagnosing PCOS, they provide valuable insights into the metabolic risks associated with the condition. VAI and DAI can serve as promising biomarkers for identifying IR and MetS risk in women with PCOS. Their integration into clinical practice may facilitate the early detection of cardiometabolic complications, offering a more specific metabolic risk assessment compared to traditional anthropometric measures.
The Efficacy of Modified Laparoscopic Burch Procedure Using a Single Stitch on Each Side of the Urethra for the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Pirtea Marilena , Pirtea Laurențiu , Brasoveanu Simona , Balulescu Ligia , Olaru Flavius , Erdelean Dragos , Secosan Cristina , Navolan Dan
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified laparoscopic Burch intervention over a 24-month follow-up period. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort evaluation including all eligible patients, 83 patients, who underwent modified laparoscopic Burch colposuspension for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Primary outcomes included the presence or absence of SUI on follow-up and the success of index surgery based on responses to validated questionnaires of patient-reported outcomes. Results: Patient-reported outcomes indicated a progressive improvement in perceived well-being over time. At the 6-month follow-up, 50.6% of participants reported their condition as “greatly improved”, increasing cumulatively to 66.7% by 24 months. The severity of urinary incontinence symptoms was markedly reduced following the intervention. The incidence of severe incontinence was notably low, with only 4.8% of patients affected at 6 months, remaining consistent at 5.1% at 24 months. This finding aligns with a high procedural success rate, as the vast majority of patients (≥94.9%) reported no severe symptoms across all follow-up intervals. Dryness, defined as the absence of urinary leakage, demonstrated an upward trend over time. At 6 months, 45.8% of patients reported complete dryness, with this figure rising to 55.1% at 12 months and 62.8% at 24 months. The Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6) served as a critical metric for evaluating the subjective burden of urinary symptoms. Across all follow-up intervals, over 97% of patients achieved scores below the clinically significant threshold (<33), indicating substantial symptom relief and enhanced quality of life. Conclusions: The modified laparoscopic Burch colposuspension demonstrated consistent efficacy, with significant improvements in urinary continence, symptom severity, and quality of life over the 24-month follow-up period.
Percutaneous Image-Guided Ablation of Renal Cancer: Traditional and Emerging Indications, Energy Sources, Techniques, and Future Developments
Authors: Chan Vinson Wai-Shun , Ng Helen Hoi-Lam , Abdulrauf Khalil , Zaman Hira , Ahmed Aisha , Zhong Jim , Wah Tze Min
Published: February 2025

Percutaneous image-guided ablation (IGA) has emerged as an established alternative to surgical management for small renal masses. This comprehensive review examines traditional and emerging indications, energy sources, techniques, and future developments in IGA for renal cancer treatment. Traditionally, IGA has been indicated for frail or comorbid patients, those with solitary kidneys or chronic kidney disease, and those with histologically proven renal cell carcinomas less than 4cm in size. Recent evidence supports expanding these indications to include T1b or T2 tumours and hereditary or recurrent renal cell carcinomas. The use of IGA combined with pre-ablation transarterial embolisation is discussed herein. This review then explores traditional energy sources including radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and microwave ablation, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Emerging technologies such as irreversible electroporation and histotripsy, as promising alternatives, are then presented, highlighting their advantage of being able to treat tumours near critical structures. Future research priorities highlight the need to establish high-quality evidence through innovative trial designs, as well as taking patient-reported outcome measures into account. Health economic considerations are key to ensuring that ablation therapies are cost-effective. The integration of artificial intelligence and radiomics shows vast potential for improving patient selection and treatment outcomes. Additionally, the immunomodulatory effects of ablative therapies suggest possible synergistic benefits when combined with immunotherapy which also require exploration in future research. Technological advancement and research developments will continue to broaden the role of IGA in clinical practice.
Hybrid Mechanical Vapor Compression and Membrane Distillation System: Concept and Analysis
Authors: Ali Emad , Orfi Jamel , Mokraoui Salim
Published: February 2025

The concept of integrating mechanical vapor compression (MVC) with direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) is presented and analyzed. The hybrid system utilizes the DCMD to harvest the thermal energy of the MVC reject brine to preheat a portion of the seawater intake and simultaneously produce additional fresh water. Based on the operating temperature, the hybrid system requires specific energy consumption between 9.6 to 24.3 kWh/m3, which is equivalent to 25 to 37% less than the standalone MVC. Similarly, the freshwater production of the hybrid system can range between 1.03 and 1.1 kg/h, which is equivalent to a 3% and 10% increase relative to the standalone MVC when operating at brine temperatures of 50 and 90 °C, respectively. However, this enhancement is achieved at the expense of an average of 60% larger total surface area. This is partially due to the incorporation of the surface area of the MD modules and mostly to reduced temperature differences. Altering the permeate-to-feed ratio of the DCMD module led to a marginal change in the overall production without any enhancement in the compression power consumption. Increasing the MD module length by 50% resulted in a 3% enlargement in the overall production rate and a 10% reduction in power consumption. A modified hybrid structure that additionally utilizes the distillate heat is sought. A 5% increase in water production at the expense of a 45% rise in the specific compression energy of the modified structure over the original hybrid system is obtained.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Solidification Behavior of Metals and Alloys (2nd Edition)
Authors: Brito Crystopher
Published: February 2025

The study of solidification behavior, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties remains a fundamental area of research in materials science [...]
The Coupled Influence of Material and Geometric Parameters on Cutting-Edge Micro-Morphology and Wear Property Degradation
Authors: Peng Zhimin , Guo Fujian , Liu Wenle , Zhang Pan , Mai Yongjin , Shang Chengjia
Published: February 2025

Cutting-edge wear is inevitable in the cutting process of the knife. Studying the relationship between the performance of the knife and the cutting-edge wear is conducive to optimizing the design of the knife and increasing its service life. The micro-morphology of the cutting edge during the cutting process was systematically characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The strength of the material matrix was characterized by nanoindentation, and the microstructure of the material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The influence of different microstructures and geometry parameters of the cutting edge on edge wear was investigated. The experimental results show that the cutting knife longevity decreases with the increase in the edge angle. When the edge angle is 19°, the durability of knives 1# and 2# is 747.5 mm and 826.8 mm; when the edge angle is 29°, the durability of knives 1# and 2# is 377.8 mm and 486.8 mm. Under the same edge angle, the durability of knife 2# is higher, mainly due to its higher hardness and the presence of more micro-scale M23C6 carbides and nano-scale MC carbides. The edge wear process can be divided into two stages. In the initial wear stage, the edge curling phenomenon occurs, which is the plastic deformation of the edge. In the stable wear stage, plowing and stacking of worn materials are observed, which is the abrasive wear process.
Simultaneous Detection of Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens by Using Gold Nanoparticle Enhanced Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Zhao Xinyi , Singh Baljit , O’Connor Christine , Byrne Hugh J. , Tian Furong
Published: February 2025

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A. tumefaciens) are bacterial species commonly found in the environment, and they can do much harm to humans, animals and plants. As a result, it is necessary to find an accurate, rapid, simple method to detect the concentrations of them, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the most suitable candidates. In this study, a gold nanoparticles (GNPs) enhanced polymerase chain reaction was developed, to simultaneously target the specific genes, 16S rDNA of E. coli and Tms1 of A. tumefaciens. PCR amplification times (CT values) of E. coli and A. tumefaciens were seen to be lowered significantly by the incorporation of GNPs. The fluorescence intensities in quantitative PCR amplifications of both E. coli and A. tumefaciens reached the maximum after around 40 cycles, and the PCR yield (maximum fluorescence intensity) was proportional to the maximum absorbance at 495 nm in the corresponding UV-vis spectra. GNPs were found to enhance the PCR yield of both E. coli and A. tumefaciens, and smaller sized GNPs (average 13 nm) showed a better enhancement effect compared to larger sized GNPs (average 30 nm). Conventional PCR showed that both E. coli and A. tumefaciens could be detected together with limit of detection of 10 CFU/mL for each bacterium, using GNPs of 13 nm. The results of this study could lead to improvement of multiplex PCR that can detect different bacteria species simultaneously.
Molecular Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Associated with Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Shanxi Province, China, from 2021 to 2023
Authors: Li Fangfang , Li Mengya , Nie Lianhua , Zuo Jiakun , Fan Wenyan , Lian Liyan , Hu Jiangang , Chen Shuming , Jiang Wei , Han Xiangan , Wang Haidong
Published: February 2025

Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) constitutes a major etiological agent of avian colibacillosis, which significantly hinders the development of the poultry industry. Conducting molecular epidemiological studies of APEC plays a crucial role in its prevention and control. This study aims to elucidate the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Shanxi Province. In this study, 135 APEC strains were isolated and identified from 150 liver samples of diseased and deceased chickens exhibiting clinical symptoms, which were collected from farms in Shanxi Province between 2021 and 2023. The isolates were then analyzed for phylogenetic clustering, drug resistance, resistance genes, virulence genes, and biofilm formation capabilities. The results revealed that the proportions of the A, B1, B2, and D evolutionary subgroups were 26.67%, 32.59%, 17.78%, and 15.56%, respectively. The drug resistance testing results indicated that 92% of the isolates exhibited resistance to cotrimoxazole, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and other antibiotics. In contrast, 95% of the strains were sensitive to ofloxacin, amikacin, and ceftazidime. The most prevalent resistance genes included tetracycline-related (tetA) at 88.15%, followed by beta-lactam-related (bla-TEM) at 85.19%, and peptide-related (mcr1) at 12.59%. The virulence gene analysis revealed that ibeB, ompA, iucD, and mat were present in more than 90% of the isolates. The results revealed that 110 strains were biofilm-positive, corresponding to a detection rate of 81.48%. No significant correlation was found between the drug resistance genes, virulence genes, and the drug resistance phenotype. A moderate negative correlation was observed between the adhesion-related gene tsh and biofilm formation ability (r = −0.38). This study provides valuable insights into the prevention and control of avian colibacillosis in Shanxi Province.
Critical Appraisal of Systematic Reviews Assessing Gut Microbiota and Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Children with ASD—An Umbrella Review
Authors: Agrawal Sachin , Rath Chandra , Rao Shripada , Whitehouse Andrew , Patole Sanjay
Published: February 2025

Given the significance of gut microbiota in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we aimed to assess the quality of systematic reviews (SRs) of studies assessing gut microbiota and effects of probiotic supplementation in children with ASD. PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Medline, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to November 2024. We included SRs of randomised or non-randomized studies reporting on gut microbiota or effects of probiotics in children with ASD. A total of 48 SRs (probiotics: 21, gut microbiota: 27) were included. The median (IQR) number of studies and participants was 7 (5) and 328 (362), respectively, for SRs of probiotic intervention studies and 18 (18) and 1083 (1201), respectively, for SRs of gut microbiota studies in children with ASD. The quality of included SRs was low (probiotics: 12, gut microbiota: 14) to critically low (probiotics: 9, gut microbiota: 13) due to lack of reporting of critical items including prior registration, deviation from protocol, and risk of bias assessment of included studies. Assuring robust methodology and reporting of future studies is important for generating robust evidence in this field.
Culturable Human Microorganisms and the Impact of Transportation Conditions on Cultivability
Authors: Fan Xibei , Lv Ning , Quan Zhexue
Published: February 2025

The composition of the human microbiome is a critical health indicator, and culture-independent methodologies have substantially advanced our understanding of human-associated microorganisms. However, precise identification and characterization of microbial strains require culture-based techniques. Recently, the resurgence of culturomics, combined with high-throughput sequencing technology, has reduced the high labor demand of pure culture methods, facilitating a more efficient and comprehensive acquisition of culturable microbial strains. This study employed an integrated approach combining culturomic and high-throughput sequencing to identify culturable microorganisms on the human scalp and in human saliva and feces. Several Staphylococcus strains were identified from the scalp, whereas anaerobic microorganisms were dominant in the saliva and fecal samples. Additionally, the study highlighted the beneficial effects of transportation conditions (liquid nitrogen treatment, dry ice transport, and dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO] buffer) in preserving culturable microorganisms. A robust methodology was developed for the large-scale acquisition of culturable microorganisms with optimized transport conditions that enhance the potential for isolating a greater diversity of culturable strains.
Mechanisms of Salmonella typhimurium Resistance to Cannabidiol
Authors: Ibrahim Iddrisu , Ayariga Joseph Atia , Xu Junhuan , Abugri Daniel A. , Boakai Robertson K. , Ajayi Olufemi S.
Published: February 2025

The emergence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) poses a huge risk to public health globally. Yet these recalcitrant pathogens continue to rise in incidence rate with resistance rates significantly outpacing the speed of antibiotic development. This therefore presents related health issues such as untreatable nosocomial infections arising from organ transplants and surgeries, as well as community-acquired infections that are related to people with compromised immunity, e.g., diabetic and HIV patients, etc. There is a global effort to fight MRD pathogens spearheaded by the World Health Organization, thus calling for research into novel antimicrobial agents to fight multiple drug resistance. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that Cannabidiol (CBD) is an effective antimicrobial against Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium). However, we observed resistance development over time. To understand the mechanisms S. typhimurium uses to develop resistance to CBD, we studied the abundance of bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and membrane sterols of both CBD-susceptible and CBD-resistant S. typhimurium strains. Using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt qPCR), we also analyzed the expression of selected genes known for aiding resistance development in S. typhimurium. We found a significantly higher expression of blaTEM (over 150 mRNA expression) representing over 55% of all the genes considered in the study, fimA (over 12 mRNA expression), fimZ (over 55 mRNA expression), and integron 2 (over 1.5 mRNA expression) in the CBD-resistant bacteria, and these were also accompanied by a shift in abundance in cell surface molecules such as LPS at 1.76 nm, ergosterols at 1.03 nm, oleic acid at 0.10 nm and MPPSE at 2.25nm. For the first time, we demonstrated that CBD-resistance development in S. typhimurium might be caused by several structural and genetic factors. These structural factors demonstrated here include LPS and cell membrane sterols, which showed significant differences in abundances on the bacterial cell surfaces between the CBD-resistant and CBD-susceptible strains of S. typhimurium. Specific key genetic elements implicated for the resistance development investigated included fimA, fimZ, int2, ompC, blaTEM, DNA recombinase (STM0716), leucine-responsive transcriptional regulator (lrp/STM0959), and the spy gene of S. typhimurium. In this study, we revealed that blaTEM might be the highest contributor to CBD-resistance, indicating the potential gene to target in developing agents against CBD-resistant S. typhimurium strains.
Limited Effect of Biodiversity on the Multifunctionality of a Revegetated Riparian Ecosystem
Authors: Jiang Yueliang , Ye Chen , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Zhou Guiyao , Gong Yu , Zhang Quanfa
Published: February 2025

Vegetation and microbial diversity play an essential role in ecosystem function. Active ecosystem restoration costs millions of dollars to increase biodiversity, yet when and how this restoration is effective when aiming at restoring multiple ecosystem functions (EMF) is still under debate. Here, we investigated the influence of a decade of restoration practices (i.e., active revegetation vs. natural rewilding) on the recovery of the ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) provided by a riparian ecosystem. The experiment was conducted within the region of China’s Three Gorges Dam, and the area was subjected to a gradient of flooding disturbance. We found that active revegetation increased the plant diversity by 13~57% and EMF by ~2.6 times at the extreme flooding zone (~286 flooding days/year) of the riparian ecosystem, when compared with natural rewilding. Moreover, the positive relationship between plant diversity and EMF was weak, and abiotic factors (soil aggregate, pH, soil water content, and heavy metal content) were the dominant predictors for EMF, explaining 52% of the EMF variation. Revegetation impacted EMF both directly and indirectly via altering the soil properties. In addition, we also observed important trade-offs between plant biomass and soil functions (carbon storage and fertility). This study provides critical insights into whether and how a decade of active restoration is effective to recover the EMF supported by riparian ecosystems, and it highlights the importance of active revegetation in conservation and management programs for riparian ecosystems under future extreme flooding conditions.