bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fontes de informação sobre benefícios à prática de atividade física e fatores associados em adolescentes: estudo de base escolar
Authors: Silva Marcelo , Engers Patricia , Vilela Guilherme , Spohr Carla , Rombaldi Airton
Published: November 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as fontes de informação sobre a importância da prática de atividade física e sua associação com nível de atividade física em estudantes do ensino médio da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal de base escolar na cidade de Pelotas, com uma amostra de 1233 alunos de 13 a 19 anos. Foi autoaplicado um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, econômica, comportamentais e de saúde. A fonte de informação sobre importância da prática foi avaliada em duas etapas, a primeira pela pergunta: “você já foi informado que a atividade física faz bem para a saúde?” e, em caso positivo, pela solicitação de marcar a(s) opção(ões) de onde veio a informação. A prática de atividade física no lazer foi avaliada por meio de questionário. As análises bruta e ajustada foram realizadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson. Quase a totalidade dos alunos (99,8%) relatou ter sido informado que a atividade física faz bem a saúde. Entre as fontes de informação mais relatadas para rapazes e moças, respectivamente, encontram-se a televisão (93,4% IC95% 91,1-95,7; 95,9% IC95%91,0-95,3), professor de educação física (85,6% IC95% 81,1-86,8; 84,1%  IC95%82,4-86,8) e médico (75,9% IC95% 72,2-79,4; 73,3%  IC95% 69,8-76,7), não havendo diferença estatística entre os sexos. Após ajuste para fatores de confusão, somente a fonte de informação oriunda dos amigos permaneceu associada à prática de atividade física. Aqueles que receberam informação dos amigos mostraram 41,0% mais probabilidade de realizar atividades físicas no lazer quando comparados àqueles que não receberam.
Excesso de peso e deslocamento para a escola em adolescentes de Uruguaiana/RS
Authors: Streb Anne , Graup Susane , Bergmann Mauren , Bergmann Gabriel
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as associações entre a forma de deslocamento até a escola e frequência de excesso de peso em adolescentes. Este estudo descritivo foi realizado com 1.455 escolares (50,9% do sexo feminino) de 10 a 17 anos selecionados aleatoriamente em múltiplas etapas. Para caracterizar o deslocamento à escola utilizou-se um questionário em que os alunos indicaram a forma de transporte até a mesma (ativo ou passivo). O excesso de peso foi considerado pela categorização do índice de massa corporal por proposta internacional. Os dados foram descritos frequências absolutas e relativas e o intervalo de confiança de 95%. As análises de associação bruta foram realizadas pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. As análises ajustadas foram realizadas pela regressão logística binária e a magnitude das associações foi medida pela Odds Ratio (OR). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Do total da amostra, 75,7% (IC95%: 73,5-77,9) apresentou deslocamento ativo até a escola e 27,8% (IC95%: 25,4-30,2) foi classificado com excesso de peso. A análise de regressão, com ajuste para sexo, idade, nível socioeconômico e zona de moradia, indicou que adolescentes que realizam o deslocamento para a escola de forma passiva tem mais chance (OR:1,50; IC95%:1,12-2,01) de apresentarem excesso de peso.  Quando a análise é estratificada por sexo, a associação permanece significativa apenas entre as meninas (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que realizar deslocamento passivo até a escola está associado ao excesso de peso em adolescentes.
Physical capacity in community-dwelling elderly with and without acute low back pain. BACE Study
Authors: Rosa Nayza , Pereira Daniele , Queiroz Bárbara , Lopes Renata , Sampaio Natalia , Zenha Taisa , Pereira Leani
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to compare physical capacity in elderly with and without acute low back pain (LBP). The Back Complaints in the Elders (BACE) consortium is a prospective study conducted in Brazil, Australia, and Netherlands. This subsample consists of elderly BACE Brazil study volunteers. This is an observational, cross-sectional, and comparative study with older adults aged ≥ 65 years who had a new episode (an agudization of symptoms) of LBP. Physical capacity was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test, Sit to Stand test, and normal Walking Speed test. Continuous variables were compared using a nonparametric Mann Whitney U test. A chi squared test was used for categorical variables. Significance level of α = 5%. The study included 104 elderly with mean age of 72.3 ± 4.2 years, classified into two groups: 52 elderly with LBP (GI) and 52 elderly without LBP (GII). The GI group showed worse performance in the Timed Up and Go (p = 0.000), Sit to Stand (p = 0.000) and normal Walking Speed (p = 0.002) tests than the GII group. Finally, the results of this study show the negative impact of LBP exacerbation on physical capacity in the elderly. Thus, it is important that health professionals involved in elderly care are attentive in the assessment and interpretation of clinical conditions regarding LBP to prevent negative impacts on physical function.
Overcoming Salience Bias: How Real-Time Feedback Fosters Resource Conservation
Authors: Tiefenbeck Verena , Goette Lorenz , Degen Kathrin , Tasic Vojkan , Fleisch Elgar , Lalive Rafael , Staake Thorsten
Published: November 2016

Inattention and imperfect information bias behavior toward the salient and immediately visible. This distortion creates costs for individuals, the organizations in which they work, and society at large. We show that an effective way to overcome this bias is by making the implications of one’s behavior salient in real time, while individuals can directly adapt. In a large-scale field experiment, we gave participants real-time feedback on the resource consumption of a daily, energy-intensive activity (showering). We find that real-time feedback reduced resource consumption for the target behavior by 22%. At the household level, this led to much larger conservation gains in absolute terms than conventional policy interventions that provide aggregate feedback on resource use. High baseline users displayed a larger conservation effect, in line with the notion that real-time feedback helps eliminate “slack” in resource use. The approach is cost effective, is technically applicable to the vast majority of households, and generated savings of 1.2 kWh per day and household, which exceeds the average energy use for lighting. The intervention also shows how digitalization in our everyday lives makes information available that can help individuals overcome salience bias and act more in line with their preferences.

This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Two new species of Omyomymar Schauff (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from India with key to Oriental species
Authors: Gowriprakash James , Manickavasagam Sagadai
Published: November 2016

Two new species of Omyomymar Schauff viz., O. huberi sp. nov. and O. noyesi sp. nov., are described from Tamil Nadu, India. A key to Oriental Omyomymar species is provided with color images of new species for easy morphological diagnosis.
More Job Services—Better Employment Outcomes: Increasing Job Attainment for People With IDD
Authors: Nord Derek , Hepperlen Renee
Published: November 2016

Job search, job placement, and on-the-job supports are valuable services provided to many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to obtain work in the community. Investigating those who were unemployed at the time of service entry, this study seeks to extend understanding about the effect of services. Using extant data, a sample of 39,277 people with IDD using Vocational Rehabilitation services were studied to understand the potential cumulative effects of these job-related services and individual characteristics on job attainment. Findings showed people with IDD of different demographic groups had different outcomes. Also, those receiving three job-related services were 16 times more likely to obtain employment than the reference group. This study has wide implications for research, policy, and practice.
Is It Worth It? Benefits in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: McDonald Katherine E. , Conroy Nicole E. , Olick Robert S. ,   the Project ETHICS Expert Panel
Published: November 2016

Including adults with intellectual disability in research promotes direct benefits to participants and larger societal benefits. Stakeholders may have different views of what count as benefits and their importance. We compared views on benefits in research with adults with intellectual disability among adults with intellectual disability, family and friends, service providers, researchers, and institutional review board members. We found that adults with intellectual disability value direct and indirect research benefits, and want to participate in research that offers them. Other stakeholders generally see less value in direct benefits and predict more tempered interest in research participation as compared to adults with intellectual disability. To promote respectful research participation, research policy and practice should incorporate the views of adults with intellectual disability.
Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Akuisisi Data dan Kontrol Difraktometer Serbuk Resolusi Tinggi
Authors: Bharoto Bharoto , Insani Andon
Published: November 2016

Pada  tulisan  ini,  dipresentasikan  sebuah  sistem  akuisisi data  dan  kendali  untuk  difraktometer  serbuk  resolusi tinggi (High Resolution Powder Diffractometer, HRPD). Sistem  terdiri dari  dua  bagian  yaitu  bagian  kontrol  instrumen  seperti sistem penggerak, sistem pembaca posisi, dan sistem pencacah pulsa neutron, dan bagian akuisisi data yang mengendalikan instrumen secara  otomatis  sesuai  dengan  mode  pengukuran yang  diinginkan.  Tampilan  perangkat  lunak  ini  dibuat sedemikian  rupa sehingga tampak lebih user friendly, dan memudahkan pengguna dalam melakukan eksperimen karena perangkat lunak ini akan melakukan pengukuran secara otomatis tanpa ada intervensi lebih lanjut dari pengguna sesuai dengan parameter yang dimasukkan pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat lunak ini telah berjalan dengan baik dibuktikan dengan pengukuran kinerja dengan menggunakan peralatan difraktometer serbuk resolusi tinggi.
Parallel Algorithms for Spatial Rainfall Distribution
Authors: Latifah Arnida Lailatul , Nurhadiyatna Adi
Published: November 2016

This paper proposes parallel algorithms for precipitation of flood modelling, especially applied in spatial rainfall distribution. As an important input in flood modelling, spatial distribution of rainfall is always needed as a pre-conditioned model. In this paper two interpolation methods, Inverse distance weighting (IDW) and Ordinary kriging (OK) are discussed. Both are developed in parallel algorithms in order to reduce the computational time. To measure the computation efficiency, the performance of the parallel algorithms are compared to the serial algorithms for both methods. Findings indicate that: (1) the computation time of OK algorithm is up to 23% longer than IDW; (2) the computation time of OK and IDW algorithms is linearly increasing with the number of cells/ points; (3) the computation time of the parallel algorithms for both methods is exponentially decaying with the number of processors. The parallel algorithm of IDW gives a decay factor of 0.52, while OK gives 0.53; (4) The parallel algorithms perform near ideal speed-up.
Pengenalan Entitas User Profile Pada Twitter
Authors: Pramiyati Titin , Supriana Iping , Purwarianti Ayu
Published: November 2016

Atribut trust scope sebagai atribut untuk menentukan tingkat kepercayaan sumber informasi, akan diisi dengan data yang terdapat pada user profile Twitter yang dikenal sebagai Bio Twitter. Hanya saja, data tersebut harus sesuai dengan karakteristik dan fungsi dari masing-masing atribut trust scope, seperti atribut pendidikan harus diisi dengan informasi yang berkaitan dengan latar belakang pendidikan dari pemilik profil tersebut. Untuk mendapatkan data yang sesuai dengan atribut, kami melakukan named entity recognition, yang merupakan salah satu kegiatan pada proses ekstraksi informasi. Oleh karena itu, paper ini menjelaskan hasil proses pengenalan entitas yang dilakukan terhadap data yang terdapat pada user profile. Perangkat lunak yang digunakan untuk mengenali data sebagai entitas adalah IndonesiaNetagger. IndonesiaNettagger, merupakan perangkat lunak untuk mengenali entitas yang ditulis dalam bahasa Indonesia. Kami melakukan penelitian dalam empat tahap, yaitu pengenalan entity dengan data Bio twitter yang asli,identifikasi kesalahan proses pengenalan, formalisasi data dan pengujian pengenalan entitas akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keberhasilan sebagai berikut; entitas Person dikenali dengan benar adalah sebesar 71% dari total data entitas yang tersedia, entitas Organization dikenali dengan benar sebasar 50%, entitas Position 20% dikenali denganbenar, dan 50% entitas Location dikenali dengan benar.
On Comparison Between Repetitive Controller and PI Controller Tracking Performance
Authors: Kurniawan Edi
Published: November 2016

Tracking periodic signals are common task in many control problems. One of the examples is movement control of pick and place robot in industry. The requirement of high tracking accuracy becomes very important in many applications. Therefore, a sophisticated control algorithm that manages to achieve high accuracy tracking of periodic command is required. Repetitive Control (RC) based on internal model principle is one of control schemes that can be employed to achieve perfect tracking of periodic signal. On the other hand, Proportional Integral (PI) controller can also be used for tracking. This paper compares the tracking performance of PI controller, RC, and PI with RC, where PI with RC here is integration between PI controller and RC. Step by step design to obtain the parameters of PI, RC and PI with RC are given. A simulation on servo motor system is carried out to assess the performance of RC, PI, andPI with RC respectively. From the simulation results, the transient response and tracking accuracy are thoroughly discussed.
DIREITO E RELIGIÃO: CONFLITOS ENTRE LIBERDADES, DESAFIOS SOCIOJURÍDICOS E JUDICIALIZAÇÃO
Authors: Ponzilacqua Marcio Henrique Pereira
Published: November 2016

Pretende-se aqui apresentar análise de resultados de pesquisa científica fomentada pela Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP/Brasil). O escopo é a análise da complexa relação entre Liberdade Religiosa, Liberdade de Expressão e Direito Estatal no Brasil, sob a perspectiva comparativa e interativa com outros sistemas de direito da esfera internacional. A metodologia consiste em análise doutrinal, constitucional e jurisprudencial sobre a matéria religiosa sob o viés da Sociologia do Direito e da Religião, em construção. Como resultados e conclusões, espera-se cooperar para a construção de metodologia específica de análise sociológica que subsidie discussões doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais acerca das normas e dos institutos jurídicos no âmbito da relação Religião/Estado e de oferecer perspectivas de debate sobre a relevância do tema no contexto sociojurídico brasileiro.
A (IN)VIABILIDADE DE UMA CIDADANIA ECOLÓGICA GLOBAL NA AMÉRICA DO SUL: REFLEXÕES A PARTIR DA ECOSOFIA E DA SENSIBILIDADE JURÍDICA
Authors: Staffen Márcio Ricardo , De Aquino Sérgio Ricardo Fernandes
Published: November 2016

El Tratado Constitutivo de la UNASUR revela otro modelode Ciudadanía que desborda los límites de las fronterasnacionales. Reivindica una participación que no se agota en lascondiciones contractuales, sino en la comprensión de nuestrasresponsabilidades comunes derivadas de nuestro vínculo antropológicocomún. El proyecto de una Ciudadanía Sudamericanadenota también un cambio biocéntrico: el ser humano ya no es el centro del cual emana todo el sentido de la evolución, especialmente la biológica. Todos los seres vivos, desde el más adaptado hasta los seres microscópicos, son importantes para que la imagen de la vida se constituya en la pluralidad de sus manifestaciones. En este artículo se examinará si la posibilidad teórica de Andrew Dobson sobre “Ciudadanía Ecológica” se revela como el perfeccionamiento de una sensibilidad jurídica fundamentada por la Ecosofía para cumplir con las disposiciones de una Ciudadanía Sudamericana.
O QUADRO LEGAL GERAL DA EXPLORAÇÃO E DA PRODUÇÃO DE PETRÓLEO NO MAR
Authors: Bordahandy Pierre-Jean
Published: November 2016

Este artigo visa discorrer sobre as regras fundamentais que regulam as atividades de exploração e produção de petróleo no mar, que resultam da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar (CNUDM III - 1982), e comparar as legislações domésticas de alguns dos países produtores de petróleo do oceano bem conhecidos, como Noruega, Reino Unido, Brasil e França para analisar como têm abordado os desafios e as responsabilidades resultantes deste quadro. Este artigo pretende, ainda, analisar criticamente algumas decisões judiciais de interpretação e aplicação das legislações nacionais consideradas neste estudo.
HERMENÊUTICA E TEORIAS ARGUMENTATIVAS: CONTRAPOSIÇÃO OU COMPLEMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Zanon Junior Orlando Luiz
Published: November 2016

O objetivo do presente texto é discutir sobre a importância das perspectivas filosóficas da hermenêutica e da argumentação jurídica para construção de um novo paradigma pós-positivista da Ciência Jurídica, muito embora possam ser apresentadas como aparentemente antagônicas ou autoexcludentes. Justifica-se tal pesquisa pelo fato de que tais linhas de pensamento foram colocadas em certo grau de oposição teórica pelos seus principais expoentes, de modo a recomendar uma discussão quanto à relevância de ambas para o movimento pós-positivista. A conclusão é que, assim como não se pode negar a importância da hermenêutica para o estudo do fenômeno da compreensão (racionalidade dos indivíduos), também é inafastável a relevância dos métodos e das regras procedimentais como instrumentos para assegurar a comunicação racional e, assim, estimular a obtenção de verdades paradigmáticas (racionalidade intersubjetiva). Quanto à metodologia empregada, destaca-se que na fase de investigação foi utilizado o método indutivo; na estimular a obtenção de verdades paradigmáticas (racionalidade intersubjetiva). Quanto à metodologia empregada, destaca-se que na fase de investigação foi utilizado o método indutivo; na fase de tratamento de dados, o cartesiano; e o texto final foi composto na base lógica dedutiva. Nas diversas fases da pesquisa, foram acionadas as técnicas do referente, da categoria, do conceito operacional e da pesquisa bibliográfica.
A LACUNA AXIOLÓGICA NA REGULAMENTAÇÃO DA DOAÇÃO INOFICIOSA E A SUA COLMATAÇÃO PELA VIA DA SOLIDARIEDADE SOCIAL
Authors: Santiago Mariana Ribeiro
Published: November 2016

O presente artigo visa analisar a regulamentação da doação no direito brasileiro, com ênfase para a restrição à doação inoficiosa e sua adequação aos mandamentos constitucionais. Nesse intuito, traçamos o perfil do contrato de doação e, em seguida, estudamos as peculiaridades referentes à doação inoficiosa. O método de abordagem utilizado foi o dialético jurídico, tendo a pesquisa se pautado em fontes bibliográficas sobre o tema. Em conclusão, verificamos que existe lacuna axiológica na regulamentação da doação inoficiosa, que deve ser preenchida a partir do princípio da solidariedade social, impulsionando, desta forma, o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade mais saudável e igualitária, dentro do ideal de justiça distributiva.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF RICE HUSK ASH, POWDERED GLASS AND CEMENT AS LATERITIC SOIL STABILIZERS
Authors: Ridwan Adebisi , Kanmodi Taiwo , Aderinlewo Olufikayo
Published: November 2016

This paper compares the stabilizing effects of three different materials, namely: rice husk ash, powdered glass, and cement on the properties of lateritic soil. The basic properties of the lateritic soil were first obtained through colour, moisture content determination, specific gravity, particle size distribution and Atterberg limits tests. Each of the stabilizing materials was then mixed with the lateritic soil in varying percentages of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15% by weight of the soil. Thereafter, compaction and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were carried out on the sample mixes to determine the effects of the materials on the lateritic soil. Chemical tests were also carried out on the samples to determine their percentage oxides composition. The compaction test showed that the highest maximum dry densities (MDD) obtained for the mixed samples were 2.32 g/cm3 (at 2.5% cement addition), 2.28g/cm3 (at 5% powdered glass (PG) addition) and 2.18 g/cm3 (at 5% rice husk ash (RHA) addition) with corresponding optimum moisture contents (OMC) of 10.06%, 14.3% and 12.31% respectively. The CBR tests showed that the CBR values increased in all cases as the materials were added with those of the cement and powdered glass giving the highest values and showing close semblance under unsoaked conditions. The chemical test showed that the significant oxides present in the cement, powdered glass and rice husk ash were CaO (53.60%), SiO2 (68.45%) and SiO2 (89.84%) respectively.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH INTO DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF MASONRY BARREL VAULTS NON-REINFORCED AND REINFORCED WITH CARBON COMPOSITE STRIPS
Authors: Zigler Radek , Witzany Jiří , Makovička Daniel , Urushadze Shota , Pospíšil Stanislav , Kubát Jan , Kroftová Klára
Published: November 2016

The study of dynamic behaviour of vaults of historic buildings reveals new knowledge which can be used for the local analysis and stabilisation and rehabilitation designs of damaged vaulted structures. The analysis of the results of dynamic loading brings objective background material for the identification and localisation of failures according to MAC or COMAC criteria [1, 2] and the assessment of serviceability and structural reliability of vaulted structures of historic buildings.
Free radical scavenging activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS bleaching assay (Î±TEAC), DPPH assay and peroxyl radical antioxidant assay
Authors: Gupta Mradu , Karmakar Nandita , Sasmal Saswati , Chowdhury Saikat , Biswas Suman
Published: November 2016

The present study evaluates the in vitro antioxidant free radical scavenging capacities of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra since this medicinal plant has been traditionally used in Ayurvedic system of medicine as a tonic, rejuvenator, demulcent and expectorant. Total phenolic content of alcoholic extract and aqueous extract was found as 18.70 and 23.26 Gallic acid equivalents/mg while the total flavonoid content was assessed as 15.03 and 6.62 Quercetin equivalents/mg respectively. IC50 (Âµg/ml) of alcoholic, aqueous extract and Ascorbic acid was found to be 65.064Â±3.538, 73.423Â±9.057 and 18.156Â±1.356 in Hydrogen Peroxide Radical Scavenging, 1.424Â±0.013, 1.632Â±0.052 and 0.879Â±0.273 in DPPH radical scavenging, and 335.948Â±29.040, 251.891Â±6.330 and 6.142Â±0.061 during FRAP essay. Similarly, during ABTS radical scavenging, IC50 (Âµg/ml) was assessed as 575Â±26.694, 683.9Â±49.220 and 6.337Â±0.167 for alcoholic, aqueous extract and Trolox respectively. While both the extracts showed substantial and significant free radical scavenging activity during the study which is compared to that of standard drug, the alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra exhibits higher in vitro antioxidant activity than the aqueous extract in all assessment methods except FRAP, possibly due to higher concentrations of flavonoids in it, validating and confirming the therapeutic properties ascribed to it in Ayurvedic texts.
A Minimum-Spanning-Tree-Inspired Algorithm for Channel Assignment in 802.11 Networks
Authors: Dolińska Iwona , Jakubowski Mariusz , Masiukiewicz Antoni , Rządkowski Grzegorz , Piórczyński Kamil
Published: December 2016

Channel assignment in 2.4 GHz band of 802.11 standard is still important issue as a lot of 2.4 GHz devices are in use. This band offers only three non-overlapping channels, so in crowded environment users can suffer from high interference level. In this paper, a greedy algorithm inspired by the Prim’s algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees (MSTs) in undirected graphs is considered for channel assignment in this type of networks. The proposed solution tested for example network distributions achieves results close to the exhaustive approach and is, in many cases, several orders of magnitude faster.
Validation of a Nonlinear Average Model of NPC Inverters Based on Experimental Investigations
Authors: Omri B. , Fakhfakh L. , Ammous K. , Ammous A.
Published: November 2016

This paper proposes a nonlinear average model of three levels NPC inverter. This model takes into account the semiconductor non-linearity and static characteristics of these devices. The proposed technique uses experimental results to evaluate the different devices parameters. The developed nonlinear average model allows dissipated power and junction temperature evaluation. Unlike the circuit model (fine model), the proposed method has less computational burden. It can be applied to three levels Neutral-Point-Clamped inverter (NPC).
Bedeutung und Bewertung von Events zur Beurteilung ihrer Förderwürdigkeit
Authors: Stettler Jürg , Wallebohr Anna , Herzer Christine , Hoff Oliver
Published: December 2016

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Bedeutung und Bewertung von touristischen Sport-Events zur Beurteilung ihrer Förderwürdigkeit durch die öffentliche Hand. Anhand bestehender Instrumente der Event-Wirkungsforschung und der strategischen Bewertung von Events wurden Kriterien abgeleitet, die Verantwortlichen aus dem Tourismus helfen können, die Förderwürdigkeit von Events zu überprüfen. Anhand von ex-post Wertschöpfungsanalysen sowie einer Dokumentenanalyse wurde die Anwendung der Kriterien überprüft. Die Analyse zeigt, dass insbesondere bei Sport-Events mit einem hohen Budget die Relation zwischen Investitionen und regionaler Wertschöpfung weniger groß als bei kleineren Events mit einem geringeren Budget ausfällt. Zur Überprüfung der Förderwürdigkeit eines Events sollte die strategische Übereinstimmung des Events mit der betreffenden Region geprüft werden. Dafür eignen sich insbesondere die Analyse des Kernangebots sowie die Überprüfung der Zielgruppen und der Zielmärkte. Durch den Einbezug wichtiger Anspruchsgruppen ist es möglich, negative Auswirkungen von Events zu minimieren, zu kompensieren oder einen langfristigen Nutzen von Investitionen sicherzustellen. Dadurch wird auch die Akzeptanz von Events bei der Bevölkerung positiv beeinflusst.
Semantic Congruence Accelerates the Onset of the Neural Signals of Successful Memory Encoding
Authors: Packard Pau A. , Rodríguez-Fornells Antoni , Bunzeck Nico , Nicolás Berta , de Diego-Balaguer Ruth , Fuentemilla Lluís
Published: December 2016

As the stream of experience unfolds, our memory system rapidly transforms current inputs into long-lasting meaningful memories. A putative neural mechanism that strongly influences how input elements are transformed into meaningful memory codes relies on the ability to integrate them with existing structures of knowledge or schemas. However, it is not yet clear whether schema-related integration neural mechanisms occur during online encoding. In the current investigation, we examined the encoding-dependent nature of this phenomenon in humans. We showed that actively integrating words with congruent semantic information provided by a category cue enhances memory for words and increases false recall. The memory effect of such active integration with congruent information was robust, even with an interference task occurring right after each encoding word list. In addition, via electroencephalography, we show in 2 separate studies that the onset of the neural signals of successful encoding appeared early (∼400 ms) during the encoding of congruent words. That the neural signals of successful encoding of congruent and incongruent information followed similarly ∼200 ms later suggests that this earlier neural response contributed to memory formation. We propose that the encoding of events that are congruent with readily available contextual semantics can trigger an accelerated onset of the neural mechanisms, supporting the integration of semantic information with the event input. This faster onset would result in a long-lasting and meaningful memory trace for the event but, at the same time, make it difficult to distinguish it from plausible but never encoded events (i.e., related false memories).

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTConceptual or schema congruence has a strong influence on long-term memory. However, the question of whether schema-related integration neural mechanisms occur during online encoding has yet to be clarified. We investigated the neural mechanisms reflecting how the active integration of words with congruent semantic categories enhances memory for words and increases false recall of semantically related words. We analyzed event-related potentials during encoding and showed that the onset of the neural signals of successful encoding appeared early (∼400 ms) during the encoding of congruent words. Our findings indicate that congruent events can trigger an accelerated onset of neural encoding mechanisms supporting the integration of semantic information with the event input.
Erythropoietin in Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Acute-on- Chronic Liver Failure
Authors: Alempijevic Tamara , Zec Simon , Nikolic Vladimir , Veljkovic Aleksandar , Milivojevic Vladimir , Dopsaj Violeta , Stankovic Sanja , Milosavljevic Tomica
Published: November 2016

Background & Aims: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by a rapid progression to multiple organ failure and is associated with a very high mortality rate of 50-90%. Novel therapies are being investigated such as Erythropoietin (EPO). The aim of this prospective cohort study was to analyse the value of EPO in predicting prognosis and determine which patients may benefit most from EPO therapy.

Methods: According to the EASL-CLIF criteria, 104 consecutive patients were diagnosed with ACLF, and separated into two groups based on the type of insult: bleeding (Group A=31) or non-bleeding (Group B=73). In addition to a complete biochemical work-up and calculation of relevant prognostic scores, levels of EPO were measured on admission and correlated to the type of insult and final outcome.

Results: Fifteen patients from Group A (mean age 60.32±9.29 years) had a lethal outcome and higher values of EPO on admission (319.26±326.58 mIU/ml) (p<0.005), compared to the 37 patients from Group B (mean age 59.9±10.19 years) with EPO levels at admission of 29.88±34.6 mIU/mL. In Group B, a cut-off EPO value of 30.65 mIU/mL had a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity 57.4% in predicting lethal outcome with an AUROC of 0.823. In Group A, a cut-off value of 229.95 mlU/mL had a sensitivity and specificity of 53.3% and 92.7%, respectively. The AUROC for this cut-off was 0.847.

Conclusions: Erythropoietin is superior to the standard prognostic scores in predicting 28-day mortality. Lower levels of EPO were detected in patients without bleeding as an insult indicating a possible therapeutic benefit in these patients.

Abbreviations: ACLF: acute-on-chronic liver failure; ALD: alcoholic liver disease; APACHE II: acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II; AUROC: Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve; CLD: chronic liver disease; CLIF: Chronic Liver Failure Consortium; CLIF-SOFA: Chronic Liver Failure Consortium-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; CTP: Child-Turcotte-Pugh; EPO: erythropoietin; GI: gastrointestinal; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; MARS: Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System; MELD: Model for End Stage Liver Disease; MELD Na: Model for End Stage Liver Disease Sodium; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Assessment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Transcatheter Arterial Chemo-Embolization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tai Cheng-Jeng , Huang Ming-Te , Wu Chih-Hsiung , Tai Chen-Jei , Shi Yeu-Ching , Chang Chun-Chao , Chang Yu-Jia , Kuo Li-Jen , Wei Po-Lei , Chen Ray-Jade , Chiou Hung-Yi
Published: November 2016

Background & Aims: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) are used to assess the response of hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization. Our aim was to perform a systematic review to compare CEUS and CECT for therapeutic response assessment to transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Method: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception until January 1, 2016. Participants: patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Intervention: transarterial chemoembolization and CECT vs CEUS.

Results. Sixteen studies were included in the systematic review. The total number of patients was 858 and the mean patient age ranged from 42 to 73 years. The mean tumor size ranged from 1.0 cm to 4.3 cm. The sensitivity and specificity of CEUS ranged from 46% to 100% and 65% to 100%, respectively, and that of CECT ranged from 34% to 87% and 92% to 100%, respectively. The accuracy of CEUS ranged from 72.6% to 100% and that of CECT from 61% to 94%. Marked heterogeneity was present among the studies.

Conclusion: CEUS is comparable with CECT for the therapeutic response assessment after transarterial chemoembolization.

Abbreviations: CECT: Contrast-enhanced CT; CEUS: Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound; CT: Computed Tomography; HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma; MDCT: Multidetector row CT; MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; mRECIST: modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; NPV: Negative Predictive Value; PPV: Positive Predictive Value; QUADAS-2: Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies; RFA: Radiofrequency Ablation; TACE: Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization.
A Case of Acute Liver Failure during Ritonavir-Boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir Therapy in a Patient with HCV Genotype 1b Cirrhosis
Authors: Masetti Marco , Magalotti Donatella , Martino Elena , Andreone Pietro , Scuteri Alessandra , Zoli Marco
Published: November 2016

Background: Ritonavir-boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir plus Ribavirin is one of the current recommended therapies for HCV genotype 1b monoinfected patients in compensated (Child-Pugh A) cirrhosis. Whether it is known that the worsening of liver function is a rare but possible complication of Ritonavir-boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir therapy, to our knowledge no description of treatment-related acute liver failure is available in the literature.

Case presentation: An 84-year-old Caucasian man with chronic compensated HCV genotype 1b cirrhosis received Ritonavir-boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir plus Ribavirin therapy. After 13 days he developed grade 4 hyperbilirubinaemia and ascites. Even though treatment was promptly stopped, patient’s clinical condition worsened, and he underwent hospitalization, several paracentheses, and developed sub-acute kidney injury. The bilirubinemia returned under three times the upper normal limit only after five months. Notably, he achieved sustained virological response despite the very short duration of therapy.

Conclusion: Hepatic decompensation and acute liver failure are rare but severe complications of Ritonavir-boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir plus Ribavirin therapy in patients with compensated cirrhosis. Close monitoring for signs or symptoms of worsening of liver disease is mandatory, and further research for stratifying risk factors are required.

Abbreviations: 3D: Ritonavir-boosted Paritaprevir, Ombitasvir and Dasabuvir; AKI: Acute Kidney Injury; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CKD-EPI: Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; GT1b: Genotype 1b; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; INR: International Normalized Ratio; MELD: Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; RBV: Ribavirin; UNL: Upper Normal Limit.
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: an Update on MR Imaging Findings with Recent Developments
Authors: Kovač Jelena Djokić , Weber Marc-André
Published: November 2016

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are the most common immune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver diseases leading to cirrhosis and liver failure. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not a necessary procedure for the diagnosis of PBC, MRI is recommended for monitoring disease progression and early detection of complications. Even though liver cirrhosis subtypes have similar MR imaging features, there are some findings which could indicate PBC, such as the periportal halo sign. Additionally, MRI using diffusion-weighted imaging with apparent diffusion coefficient measurements provides non-invasive assessment of the stage of liver fibrosis. The role of cholangiography is crucial for the diagnosis of PSC. Since endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is an invasive procedure with occasional post-procedural complications, the latest guidelines suggest magnetic resonance cholangiography as a reference procedure for evaluation of patients suspected with PSC. Characteristic magnetic resonance cholangiography findings include multiple segmental strictures with slightly dilated ducts among them, usually on both intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. Furthermore, magnetic resonance cholangiography is useful in the follow-up of these patients, allowing for timely diagnosis of complications such as cholangiocellular carcinoma. With the exception of ursodeoxycholic acid, which slows the progression of PBC, the only curative treatment for both PSC and PBC is still liver transplantation. However, recurrent disease occurs in some patients indicating the need for development of new more effective therapies.

Key words:  –  –  –  – .

Abbreviations: AMA: anti-mitochondrial antibodies; ADC: apparent diffusion coefficient; CA 19-9: cancer antigen 19-9; CCC : cholangiocellular carcinoma; DWI: diffusion-weighted imaging; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HLA: human leukocyte antigen; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; PBC: primary biliary cirrhosis; PSC: primary sclerosing cholangitis; TE: transient elastography; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid.
Resilience in Adolescence, Health, and Psychosocial Outcomes
Authors: Brody Gene H. , Yu Tianyi , Miller Gregory E. , Chen Edith
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVES:

This study was designed to determine whether black adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds who have an unrelenting determination to succeed would, as adults, show “skin-deep resilience” by faring well in psychosocial domains but also show a heightened chance of having a chronic disease, specifically type 2 diabetes.

METHODS:

Secondary data analyses were executed with the use of waves 1 and 4 of the US Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). At wave 1, when participants were age 16, data were obtained on a behavioral style termed “striving.” Striving includes high aspirations, unwavering persistence, investment in education, and avoidance of activities that sidetrack success. At wave 4, when participants were age 29, college graduation, personal income, symptoms of depression, and type 2 diabetes status were assessed.

RESULTS:

Black and non-Hispanic white youth who displayed striving during adolescence evinced, at age 29, a higher likelihood of college graduation, greater personal income, and fewer symptoms of depression than did nonstrivers. Among black participants, the findings were consistent with the “skin-deep resilience” pattern for type 2 diabetes. High-striving black adolescents in the most disadvantaged families had a greater likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes during adulthood than did similar high-striving black adolescents living in more privileged families. The skin-deep resilience pattern did not emerge among non-Hispanic white participants.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study is the first to show that an unrelenting determination to succeed among black adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds forecasts an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes during adulthood.
Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater and Its Spatial Distribution in Urban area of Zhumadian City
Authors: Zhongpei Liu , Jianhua Ping , Yuping Han
Published: December 2016

It is vital for analyzing groundwater chemical characteristics to develop, manage and protect groundwater resources. Hydrogeochemistry simulation, graphic method, and other methods are applied to analyze 22 pieces of groundwater chemical data in the urban area of Zhumadian City. The results show that shallow groundwater is mainly of HCO3-Ca type. Besides, from northeast to southwest, salinity and hardness increase gradually, the hydrodynamic condition becomes worse, and groundwater is significantly affected by human activities. This study is of important significance to scientifically using and managing groundwater resources in the urban area of Zhumadian City. Características químicas y distribución espacial de las aguas freáticas en el área urbana de Zhumadian (China)ResumenEl análisis de las características químicas de las aguas freáticas o subterráneas es determinante para desarrollar, administrar y proteger los recursos hídricos. Este trabajo se basó en la simulación hidrogeoquímica, el método gráfico y otros procedimientos para analizar la información química de 22 muestras de aguas freáticas en el área urbana de Zhumadian, en el este de China. Los resultados muestran que las aguas freáticas poco profundas son principalmente del tipo HCO3-Ca. Además, del noreste al suroeste, la salinidad y la rigidez aumentan gradualmente, las condiciones hidrodinámicas empeoran y las aguas freáticas son afectadas por las actividades humanas. Este estudio es de una importancia significativa para el manejo científico y la administración de los recursos de aguas subterráneas en el área urbana de Zhumadian.
Unidade de terapia intensiva: significados para pacientes em tratamento
Authors: Eulálio Maria Do Carmo , Da Silva Júnior Edivan Gonçalves , Souto Rafaella Queiroga , Brasileiro Lízie Emanuelle Eulálio
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar os sentimentos suscitados por pacientes na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), mediante a sua experiência de permanência nessa unidade.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo e descritivo. Participaram 25 pacientes internados em duas UTIs, com idades entre 15 e 85 anos. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas e os dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática de Conteúdo.Resultados: Destacaram-se as categorias: “Polaridade de sentimentos: positivos e negativos” e “Cuidado prestado pela equipe profissional”.Conclusão: Prevaleceram os sentimentos negativos relacionados principalmente  o medo que esta unidade hospitalar representa. A emergência de sentimentos positivos esteve direcionada à possibilidade de reestabelecimento do estado de saúde. Os cuidados e a atenção desenvolvidos pela equipe de intensivistas foram percebidos pelos pacientes como auxiliares no seu enfrentamento às dificuldades vivenciadas na UTI. Ressalta-se a importância da sensibilidade e da escuta às singularidades dos sujeitos em contato com a UTI.
Uso de rastreadores para detecção de eventos adversos aos medicamentos em hospital universitário
Authors: Sanches Leticia Dos Santos , Giordani Fabíola , Teleken Jakeline Liara , Leivas Ana Flávia Gallas , Schmidt Raysa Cristina , Balbinot Jessica Cristina , Garbuio Anna Paula Moreira , Pianna Simone Cavalli
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Identificar eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAM) em pacientes adultos internados nas clínicas médica e cirúrgica em um hospital universitário, bem como caracterizar esses eventos.Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo em um hospital universitário. A amostra foi constituída pelos prontuários dos pacientes internados nas clínicas médica e cirúrgica entre outubro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011. Para identificação dos EAM aplicou-se um conjunto de rastreadores que são condições que podem indicar que um EAM ocorreu e tornam a revisão do prontuário mais objetiva e direcionada. Esses rastreadores podem ser um exame laboratorial alterado, o uso de um antídoto, ou uma condição clínica.Resultados: O grupo de estudo foi constituído de 263 pacientes, dos quais 58 (22,1%) tiveram ao menos um EAM durante a internação e 83 EAM foram identificados, resultando em uma taxa de 31,5 EAM por 100 pacientes. Os eventos mais frequentes foram náusea e vômito, erupções cutâneas e prurido e hipocalemia. Quanto aos medicamentos imputados o tramadol foi o mais frequentemente relacionado aos eventos. Os eventos foram mais presentes em pacientes com internação com caráter de urgência/emergência, que possuíam uma ou mais comorbidades. Ainda, pacientes com eventos apresentaram um tempo médio de internação mais prolongado. Conclusão: O uso de rastreadores para identificar EAM apresenta-se como estratégia útil, com a qual foi possível identificar que 22,1% dos pacientes apresentaram EAM durante a internação. Tal estratégia de identificação de eventos é passível de ser implementada pelos núcleos de segurança do paciente de instituições hospitalares.
Obesidade: um grande desafio de saúde pública global
Authors: Montañez Wilson Cañon , Mattiello Rita
Published: November 2016

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Transnacionalismo, paradiplomacia e integração regional: o caso do Brasil e Uruguai
Authors: Mallmann Maria Izabel , Clemente Isabel
Published: November 2016

A atuação internacional de agentes subnacionais no que é entendido como paradiplomacia tem sido recorrente desde a década de 1990. Isso ressalta a projeção internacional de interesses até então contidos no âmbito das agendas nacionais e repercute na dinâmica dos processos de cooperação regional entre países. Essa realidade merece ser repensada em termos teóricos e conceituais. Tratam-se, neste artigo, das possíveis mudanças na dinâmica de integração regional em função das transformações que têm possibilitado a ascensão do exercício paradiplomático e a proeminência de agentes subnacionais no cenário internacional. Inicialmente, discutem-se os conceitos de integração regional e de paradiplomacia e levantam-se questões pertinentes à necessidade de contemplar o exercício paradiplomático na dinâmica integracionista de uma região. Em seguida, analisam-se as possibilidades de compreensão dos processos de integração incorporando exercício paradiplomático como uma de suas vias constitutivas.
GENETIC, COLORATION, AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF TWO DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF Kappaphycus alvarezii
Authors: Sulaeman Sulaeman , Parenrengi Andi , Suryati Emma , Rosmiati Rosmiati
Published: November 2016

Two different colors (green and brown) of Kappaphycus alvarezii have been farmed in Indonesian waters for many years. This study aimed at comparing two ‘varieties’, i.e. green and brown, both genetically and morphologically. Samples for DNA analysis were collected from a farmer in Pinrang Regency, South Sulawesi. Five universal primers i.e. Ca-01, Ca-02, P-40, P-50, and DALRP were selected to obtain DNA genetic markers in differentiating the green and brown varieties. To compare coloration patterns during cultivation and the growth performance of both varieties, a field experiment was performed in a seaweed farming area in Pinrang Regency, during dry season of August-September 2004. The result of genetic assessment showed that the five selected primers revealed different RAPD banding pattern for both varieties. P-50 and DALRP primers demonstrated the greatest amplification in differentiating RAPD fragment between green and brown varieties. Fragment 900 bp and 1.300 bp were consistently generated in the green variety but were not amplified in the brown variety. The result of the field study confirmed that the coloration pattern of green and brown varieties was fixed; no interchange in color occurred during one crop cultivation.