bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urine drug screens: Considerations for the psychiatric pharmacist
Authors: Wilkening G. Lucy , Hale Genevieve M. , Ross Clint
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Proper psychiatric evaluation of patients necessitates that the clinician be vigilant in ruling out secondary causes of symptoms, such as substance-induced symptoms. Immunoassay-type urine drug screens (UDSs) offer clinicians rapid drug screen results, ease of use, and inexpensive cost. Unfortunately, these screens are not without their limitations. This review aims to outline the nuances and limitations of immunoassay UDSs and to provide the clinician with information that facilitates more accurate interpretation of UDS results. Specifically, false positive results associated with psychiatric medications and the availability and methods for acquisition of commercialized UDS masking agents will be reviewed.

Methods

A literature review was conducted to identify false positive UDSs associated with psychiatric medications. References for each article identified were also reviewed. Additionally, a Google® search was conducted to identify commercially available preparations used to mask UDS results and the methods of acquisition of these products.

Results

A total of 14 articles were identified using PubMed. No articles for mood stabilizing agents were identified. Entering the phrase how to pass a drug test into Google® search yielded about 12.6 million results, and select references were reviewed based on relevance and user reviews.

Discussion

Several psychiatric medications are documented as potential sources of false positive UDSs. Additionally, several agents are available for consumer purchase that may result in false negative UDSs. The clinician must be vigilant in interpreting immunoassay UDS results and should utilize more advanced forms of testing as clinically appropriate.
Pharmacogenomics: A focus on antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics
Authors: Lister Jonathan F.
Published: January 2016

The study of pharmacogenomics is rapidly growing, particularly in the field of mental health. Understanding pharmacogenomic principles can be a challenge for many clinicians. Most mental health genomic data concentrates on variability (response, side effects) with antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics. Current pharmacogenomic practice and research primarily focuses on two areas: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. Based on the current literature, genetic polymorphisms of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics parameters likely influence medication efficacy, therefore affecting the therapeutic benefit. Additionally, certain pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic polymorphisms have been linked to an elevated risk of side effects and adverse events with these medications. In this review, specific pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic polymorphisms related to antidepressants and atypical antipsychotics will be discussed, as well as the potential clinical effect these genomic abnormalities have within psychiatric care.
General pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic concepts of mood stabilizers in the treatment of bipolar disorder
Authors: Ware Kenric , Tillery Erika , Linder Lauren
Published: January 2016

Introduction

Mood stabilizers are the recommended treatment for patients who receive a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Because of the necessity of mood stabilizer treatment in patients with bipolar disorder and the extent of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles involved, the purpose of this review is to summarize the pharmacokinetic principles of lithium in addition to the pharmacodynamics of lithium, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and valproic acid/valproate.

Methods

Practice guidelines, review articles, and clinical trials were located using online databases PubMed, CINAHL, IDIS, and Medline. Search terms included at least one of the following: bipolar disorder, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, lithium, mood stabilizers, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, valproate, and valproic acid. Online clinical databases Dynamed® and Lexicomp® were also used in the study.

Results

Mood stabilizers collectively possess distinct qualities that are closely regarded before, during, and after therapeutic initiation. Individual patient characteristics, coupled with these observed traits, add to the complexity of selecting the most optimal neurologic agent. Each medication discussed uniquely contributes to both the maintenance and restoration of overall patient well-being.

Discussion

Introduction of mood stabilizers into drug regimens is often done in the presence of an array of mitigating factors. Safety and efficacy measures are commonly used to gauge desired results. Careful monitoring of patients' responses to selected therapies is paramount for arriving at appropriate clinical outcomes.
Modified Zeolite with Transition Metals Cu and Fe for Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Medium: Mass Spectrometry Study
Authors: Lopes João Henrique , Nogueira Francisco Guilherme E. , Gonçalves Maraísa , Oliveira Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2016

Textile industries are one of the main sources of water pollution. Wastewater containing dyes present a serious environmental problem because of its high toxicity and possible accumulation in the environ- ment. In this work were explored the characteristics of removal of methylene blue dye employing zeo- lites modified with transition metals (Cu, Fe). The zeolites with iron or copper were prepared by using NaY and Naβ zeolites as precursors, replacing part of ion sodium for copper or iron ions through the ion exchange method. All materials were characterized by several analytical techniques, in order to gain information about the structure and catalytic activity. Modified zeolites showed a remarkable ac- tivity in H2O2 decomposition and in the discoloration an organic dye in aqueous medium. ESI-MS stud- ies of the methylene blue oxidation showed that the oxidation of the dye occurs via a Fenton type sys- tem in which *OH radicals are formed in situ and added to the ring structure of the organic substrate. In addition, modification of the zeolite with transition metal proved to be an interesting pathway to produce efficient catalysts for the oxidation of organic molecules, i.e. dyes in aqueous media. Copyright © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Anterograde or Retrograde Transsynaptic Circuit Tracing in Vertebrates with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Vectors
Authors: Beier Kevin T. , Mundell Nathan A. , Pan Y. Albert , Cepko Constance L.
Published: January 2016

Viruses have been used as transsynaptic tracers, allowing one to map the inputs and outputs of neuronal populations, due to their ability to replicate in neurons and transmit in vivo only across synaptically connected cells. To date, their use has been largely restricted to mammals. In order to explore the use of such viruses in an expanded host range, we tested the transsynaptic tracing ability of recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) vectors in a variety of organisms. Successful infection and gene expression were achieved in a wide range of organisms, including vertebrate and invertebrate model organisms. Moreover, rVSV enabled transsynaptic tracing of neural circuitry in predictable directions dictated by the viral envelope glycoprotein (G), derived from either VSV or rabies virus (RABV). Anterograde and retrograde labeling, from initial infection and/or viral replication and transmission, was observed in Old and New World monkeys, seahorses, jellyfish, zebrafish, chickens, and mice. These vectors are widely applicable for gene delivery, afferent tract tracing, and/or directional connectivity mapping. Here, we detail the use of these vectors and provide protocols for propagating virus, changing the surface glycoprotein, and infecting multiple organisms using several injection strategies. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Increased wintertime CO2 loss as a result of sustained tundra warming
Authors: Webb Elizabeth E. , Schuur Edward A. G. , Natali Susan M. , Oken Kiva L. , Bracho Rosvel , Krapek John P. , Risk David , Nickerson Nick R.
Published: January 2016

Permafrost soils currently store approximately 1672 Pg of carbon (C), but as high latitudes warm, this temperature‐protected C reservoir will become vulnerable to higher rates of decomposition. In recent decades, air temperatures in the high latitudes have warmed more than any other region globally, particularly during the winter. Over the coming century, the arctic winter is also expected to experience the most warming of any region or season, yet it is notably understudied. Here we present nonsummer season (NSS) CO2 flux data from the Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research project, an ecosystem warming experiment of moist acidic tussock tundra in interior Alaska. Our goals were to quantify the relationship between environmental variables and winter CO2 production, account for subnivean photosynthesis and late fall plant C uptake in our estimate of NSS CO2 exchange, constrain NSS CO2 loss estimates using multiple methods of measuring winter CO2 flux, and quantify the effect of winter soil warming on total NSS CO2 balance. We measured CO2 flux using four methods: two chamber techniques (the snow pit method and one where a chamber is left under the snow for the entire season), eddy covariance, and soda lime adsorption, and found that NSS CO2 loss varied up to fourfold, depending on the method used. CO2 production was dependent on soil temperature and day of season but atmospheric pressure and air temperature were also important in explaining CO2 diffusion out of the soil. Warming stimulated both ecosystem respiration and productivity during the NSS and increased overall CO2 loss during this period by 14% (this effect varied by year, ranging from 7 to 24%). When combined with the summertime CO2 fluxes from the same site, our results suggest that this subarctic tundra ecosystem is shifting away from its historical function as a C sink to a C source.
XCO2 retrieval error over deserts near critical surface albedo
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Shia Run‐Lie , Sander Stanley P. , Yung Yuk L.
Published: January 2016

Large retrieval errors in column‐weighted CO2 mixing ratio (XCO2) over deserts are evident in the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 version 7 L2 products. We argue that these errors are caused by the surface albedo being close to a critical surface albedo (αc). Over a surface with albedo close to αc, increasing the aerosol optical depth (AOD) does not change the continuum radiance. The spectral signature caused by changing the AOD is identical to that caused by changing the absorbing gas column. The degeneracy in the retrievals of AOD and XCO2 results in a loss of degrees of freedom and information content. We employ a two‐stream‐exact single scattering radiative transfer model to study the physical mechanism of XCO2 retrieval error over a surface with albedo close to αc. Based on retrieval tests over surfaces with different albedos, we conclude that over a surface with albedo close to αc, the XCO2 retrieval suffers from a significant loss of accuracy. We recommend a bias correction approach that has significantly improved the XCO2 retrieval from the California Laboratory for Atmospheric Remote Sensing data in the presence of aerosol loading.
Reconciling the discrepancy in ground‐ and satellite‐observed trends in the spring phenology of winter wheat in China from 1993 to 2008
Authors: Guo Li , An Ning , Wang Kaicun
Published: January 2016

Monitoring crop phenology has become a growing concern for food security. Crop phenology can be traditionally observed at plot scale in the field or recently at a much larger scale by satellites. In this study, we compared the spring phenology of winter wheat (Triticum sp.), quantified as the timing of start‐of‐spring‐season (SOS), using 8 km resolution satellite data and ground observations at 112 agrometeorological stations across China from 1993 to 2008. We found that ground and satellite observations displayed opposing trends in winter wheat SOS. Ground observation exhibited a delayed onset of SOS at 86% of ground stations, whereas satellite data suggested an earlier arrival of SOS at 78% of stations. The meteorological SOS calculated from daily air temperature supported the earlier occurrence of SOS indicated by satellite data. Moreover, satellite data showed more agreement with meteorological data with respect to interannual SOS variations than did field phenology records. Given the dominant control of air temperature on winter wheat's spring phenology, satellite observation provides a reliable measure of the long‐term trends and dynamics of SOS. Ground‐observed SOS trends were impaired by data heterogeneity and limited spatial coverage. However, compared with ground observations, satellite‐derived phenological timings are often lack of biological meanings. Therefore, integrating ground and satellite observations could enhance the monitoring of winter wheat SOS, which would increase the knowledge of vegetation's response to the changing climate and help to optimize timely crop management.
Assessing the impacts of tillage and fertilization management on nitrous oxide emissions in a cornfield using the DNDC model
Authors: Deng Qi , Hui Dafeng , Wang Junming , Yu Chih‐Li , Li Changsheng , Reddy K. Chandra , Dennis Sam
Published: January 2016

Quantification and prediction of N2O emissions from croplands under different agricultural management practices are vital for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. We simulated N2O emissions under tillage and no‐tillage,and different nitrogen (N) fertilizer types and application methods (i.e., nitrification inhibitor, chicken manure, and split applications) in a cornfield using the DeNitrification‐DeComposition (DNDC) model. The model was parameterized with field experimental data collected in Nashville, Tennessee, under various agricultural management treatments and run for a short term (3 years) and a long term (100 years). Results showed that the DNDC model could adequately simulate N2O emissions as well as soil properties under different agricultural management practices. The modeled emissions of N2O significantly increased by 35% with tillage, and decreased by 24% with the use of nitrification inhibitor, compared with no‐tillage and normal N fertilization. Chicken manure amendment and split applications of N fertilizer had minor impact on N2O emission in a short term, but over a long term (100 years) the treatments significantly altered N2O emission (+35%, −10%, respectively). Sensitivity analysis showed that N2O emission was sensitive to mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, soil organic carbon, and the amount of total N fertilizer application. Our model results provide valuable information for determining agricultural best management practice to maintain highly productive corn yield while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Electro‐Optics of Colloidal Quantum Dot Solids for Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoliang , Hägglund Carl , Johansson Erik M. J.
Published: January 2016

The electro‐optics of thin‐film stacks within photovoltaic devices plays a critical role for the exciton and charge generation and therefore the photovoltaic performance. The complex refractive indexes of each layer in heterojunction colloidal quantum dot (CQD) solar cells are measured and the optical electric field is simulated using the transfer matrix formalism. The exciton generation rate and the photocurrent density as a function of the quantum dot solid thickness are calculated and the results from the simulations are found to agree well with the experimentally determined results. It can therefore be concluded that a quantum dot solid may be modeled with this approach, which is of general interest for this type of materials. Optimization of the CQD solar cell is performed by using the optical simulations and a maximum solar energy conversion efficiency of 6.5% is reached for a CQD solid thickness of 300 nm.
Epoxide Functional Temperature‐Sensitive Semi‐IPN Hydrogel Microspheres for Isolating Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad H. , Alam M. M. , Rahman M. A. , Minami H. , Gafur M. A.
Published: January 2016

In this investigation, epoxide (oxirane), a cyclic ether with a three‐atom ring, functional semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) hydrogel microspheres composed of temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide) (P(NIPAM‐MBAAm)) and P(NIPAM‐glycidyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAM‐GMA)) are prepared. We called these microspheres as P(NIPAM‐MBAAm)/P(NIPAM‐GMA). The microspheres exhibited temperature‐sensitive volume phase transition at a temperature range of 33–35°C. The chemical bonding of anticancer drugs with the epoxide ring increased the absorption capacity but their release is affected, as the temperature is decreased below the volume phase transition, studied under an in vitro condition suitable for application in the treatment of cancer cells. The epoxide functionality of semi‐IPN hydrogel microspheres is also utilized to isolate inorganic nanoparticles, using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an example, simply by blending the hydrogel and magnetic (Fe3O4) dispersions. The presence of strained oxirane ring derived from GMA segment induced high affinity for semi‐IPN hydrogel microspheres toward magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and eventually reduced the colloidal stability.
Expecting the unexpected: A mixed methods study of violence to EMS responders in an urban fire department
Authors: Taylor Jennifer A. , Barnes Brittany , Davis Andrea L. , Wright Jasmine , Widman Shannon , LeVasseur Michael
Published: January 2016

Background

Struck by injuries experienced by females were observed to be higher compared to males in an urban fire department. The disparity was investigated while gaining a grounded understanding of EMS responder experiences from patient‐initiated violence.

Methods

A convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed. Using a linked injury dataset, patient‐initiated violence estimates were calculated comparing genders. Semi‐structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with injured EMS responders.

Results

Paramedics had significantly higher odds for patient‐initiated violence injuries than firefighters (OR 14.4, 95%CI: 9.2–22.2, P < 0.001). Females reported increased odds of patient‐initiated violence injuries compared to males (OR = 6.25, 95%CI 3.8–10.2), but this relationship was entirely mediated through occupation (AOR = 1.64, 95%CI 0.94–2.85). Qualitative data illuminated the impact of patient‐initiated violence and highlighted important organizational opportunities for intervention.

Conclusions

Mixed methods greatly enhanced the assessment of EMS responder patient‐initiated violence prevention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:150–163, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer in World Trade Center responders: Findings from multiple cohorts and options for future study
Authors: Boffetta Paolo , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Wallenstein Sylvan , Li Jiehui , Brackbill Robert , Cone James , Farfel Mark , Holden William , Lucchini Roberto , Webber Mayris P. , Prezant David , Stellman Steven D.
Published: January 2016

Background

Three longitudinal studies of cancer incidence in varied populations of World Trade Center responders have been conducted.

Methods

We compared the design and results of the three studies.

Results

Separate analyses of these cohorts revealed excess cancer incidence in responders for all cancers combined and for cancers of the thyroid and prostate. Methodological dissimilarities included recruitment strategies, source of cohort members, demographic characteristics, overlap between cohorts, assessment of WTC and other occupational exposures and confounders, methods and duration of follow‐up, approaches for statistical analysis, and latency analyses.

Conclusions

The presence of three cohorts strengthens the effort of identifying and quantifying the cancer risk; the heterogeneity in design might increase sensitivity to the identification of cancers potentially associated with exposure. The presence and magnitude of an increased cancer risk remains to be fully elucidated. Continued long‐term follow up with minimal longitudinal dropout is crucial to achieve this goal. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:96–105, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gebäude als netzdienliche Wärmespeicher
Authors: Klein Konstantin , Hermann Michael , Herkel Sebastian
Published: January 2016

Gebäude können einen Beitrag zur Energiewende leisten, indem sie bevorzugt Wind‐ und Sonnenstrom zum Heizen und Kühlen nutzen und die Energie in thermischer Form im Gebäude zwischenspeichern. Dieser Fachaufsatz analysiert die heutigen und zukünftigen Anforderungen an “netzdienliche” Gebäude und stellt ein Konzept vor, mit dem sich die Gebäudemasse selbst als Wärme‐ und Kältespeicher nutzen lässt. Das Konzept basiert auf TABSOLAR genannten, durchströmbaren Bauteilen aus Ultrahochleistungsbeton (UHPC) mit eingeformten FracTherm®‐Hohlraumstrukturen, welche sich thermisch aktivieren lassen. Aufgrund des innovativen Fertigungsverfahrens lassen sich sehr dünne Bauteile mit einer entsprechend geringen thermischen Trägheit realisieren. Im vorgestellten Anwendungsbeispiel werden TABSOLAR‐Elemente als deckeninstalliertes schnelles Wärmeübergabesystem in Verbindung mit einem thermisch mittels Wärmedämmung von der Zone getrennten, thermoaktiven Bauteil‐System (TABS) genutzt, dessen große thermische Masse als Wärmespeicher dient. Erste Simulationen zeigen, dass das gewählte Konzept einen Übergang zu netzdienlichem Betrieb der Wärmeversorgungsanlagen auf Basis von Wärmepumpen bei einer gleichzeitigen wesentlichen Verbesserung des Raumkomforts ermöglicht.

Buildings as grid‐supportive heat storages – Requirements to buildings of the future

Buildings can contribute to the Energy Transition in Germany by using predominantly electricity generated by Wind and PV plants for heating and cooling and by storing energy in thermal form decentrally in the building. This paper analyzes present‐day and future requirements to ”grid‐supportive" buildings and presents a concept for using the building mass as a heat and cold storage. The concept is based on so‐called TABSOLAR construction elements made of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) which can be thermally activated via molded FracTherm® capillary fluid canals. Due to the innovative manufacturing process, very thin and thermally light components can be realized. In the example of use presented as part of this paper, TABSOLAR elements are used as a fast, ceiling‐mounted heat delivery system in combination with a thermally insulated thermally activated building System TABS, whose large thermal inertia serves as a heat storage. First simulations show that the chosen concept allows for a transition to ”grid‐supportive" heat generation using heat pumps and simultaneously improves thermal comfort significantly.
Neufassung der DIN 4103‐1 für nichttragende innere Trennwände
Authors: Eierle Benno , Gutsch Alex‐W.
Published: January 2016

Die DIN 4103‐1 “Nichttragende innere Trennwände – Teil 1: Anforderungen und Nachweise” ist eine der grundlegenden Normen des Ausbaus. Sie gilt prinzipiell für alle Bauarten und Baustoffe, d. h. für Mauerwerkswände ebenso wie für Trockenbaukonstruktionen oder Systemtrennwände aus Glas. Die bisherige Fassung aus dem Jahr 1984 hatte mit über 30 Jahren eine erstaunlich lange Haltbarkeit. Durch Veränderungen der umgebenden Normenlandschaft an vielen Stellen, z. B. die Einführung der Eurocodes, war nunmehr eine Anpassung der DIN 4103‐1 erforderlich. Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Unterschiede in der Neufassung gegenüber dem bisherigen Stand dar.

Da sich die DIN 4103‐1:1984 in Deutschland bewährt hatte, stand bei der Überarbeitung die Anpassung an die tangierenden Normen im Vordergrund. Weiterhin wurden einige Klarstellungen zu den bisherigen Regelungen aufgenommen. Als wesentliche Neuerung ist die Aufnahme des alternativen Nachweisverfahrens C für den weichen Stoß in Anlehnung an die ETAG 003 zu sehen.

New DIN 4103‐1 for Internal non‐loadbearing partitions

DIN 4103‐1 “Internal non‐loadbearing partitions – Part 1: Requirements and verification” is one of the fundamental codes for interior construction. It applies in principle to all types and materials, that is masonry walls as well as drywall constructions or partitions made of glass. The previous version of 1984 had a surprisingly long validity. Due to changes in the surrounding codes, especially the introduction of the Eurocodes, an adaptation of DIN 4103‐1 was necessary. The article describes the main differences in the new version compared to the previous state.
Minimalinvasive Materialuntersuchungen an seilabgespannten Rohrmasten zur Bauwerkserhaltung
Authors: Mehdianpour Milad , Waßmuth Carl‐Friedrich
Published: January 2016

Abgespannte Stahlrohrmaste zur Rundfunkübertragung wurden in den 1950er‐ und 60er‐Jahren häufig mit Paralleldrahtbündeln errichtet. Diese Seile werden seit geraumer Zeit wegen Korrosionsschäden sukzessive gegen vollverschlossene Spiralseile ausgetauscht. Infolge der damit einhergehenden Veränderung der Steifigkeiten ist mit dem Austausch oft eine Neuberechnung erforderlich. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Normen können nicht immer alle Nachweise erfüllt werden, selbst wenn das Bauwerk weitgehend noch intakt erscheint. Rohrschaftsanierungen sind extrem aufwändig und können den wirtschaftlichen Totalschaden darstellen, d. h., dem Bauwerk droht Abriss und Neubau. Für die Sanierung des 231 m hohen abgespannten Stahlrohrmastes am Standort Berlin Scholzplatz wurden minimalinvasive Materialuntersuchungen vorgenommen, basierend auf In‐situ‐ und Labortests. In den statistischen Auswertungen konnte belegt werden, dass gegenüber den Angaben der Bauwerksdokumentation höhere Festigkeiten vorlagen. Durch präzise Lastannahmen und für das Bauwerk optimierte Seilvorspannungen konnten aufwändige Verstärkungsmaßnahmen des Rohrschaftes vermieden werden.

Minimally invasive material tests on guyed tubular masts

Guyed tubular radio masts were erected in the fifties and sixties using parallel wire bundles. Due to corrosion problems, the guying must often be replaced by fully locked coil ropes. The measure changes the system stiffness and results often into the need of a repetitive calculation of the structure. Even without any material deterioration, it is not always possible to fulfill the (high) requirements of the actual standards. Strengthening works on the mast shaft are usually extremely costly and can cause a total loss of the structure economically. For the refurbishment of a 231 m high guyed tubular radio mast in Berlin Scholzplatz minimally invasive material testing was performed basing on a combination of in situ and lab testing. The statistical evaluation of the data showed that the existing material properties are better than specified in the original design documents of the structure. Costly renovation works on the mast shaft could be avoided and the mast was preserved.
Das Radom in Raisting am Ammersee – Die Instandsetzung eines Technikdenkmals
Authors: Barthel Rainer , Maus Helmut , Rehm Jörg
Published: January 2016

Das Radom in Raisting wurde 1963 erbaut. Als Wetterschutz für eine der ersten Satellitenantennen der Welt dient eine Traglufthalle mit der Form eines Kugelabschnittes, einer Höhe von ca. 39,50 m und einem Durchmesser von 48,80 m. Über diese Anlage wurden in Deutschland erstmals interkontinentale Telefonverbindungen über Satellit möglich. Die Fernsehbilder der ersten Mondlandung und der Olympischen Spiele 1972 wurden hier übertragen. Die Membran, bestehend aus einem zweilagigen Polyestergewebe, hat bis 2010 ihren Dienst getan. 1999 wurde das Bauwerk in die Denkmalliste aufgenommen und in den Jahren 2010/11 umfassend saniert. Die Membran wurde unter Beibehaltung sämtlicher konstruktiver Anschlüsse ausgetauscht. Der Massivbau mit vielen typischen Details aus der Bebauungszeit wurde denkmalgerecht instand gesetzt, die technische Ausrüstung ertüchtigt und eine energetische Sanierung durchgeführt.

The Radome in Raisting near Ammersee – The restoration of a technical monument

The radome in Raisting was built in 1963. The weather protection of the sensible equipment was realized by a spherical airdome with a hight of 39.50 m and a diameter of 48.80 m. With this aerial system telecommunication via satellite was made possible for the first time in Germany. The live broadcasting of the moon landing and the Olympic Games in 1972 were transmitted from here. The polyester fabric membrane had been in use till 2010. In 1999 the Bavarian department listed the radome as a “monument of national interest”. From 2010 to 2011 an extensive restoration was arranged. The membrane was replaced using the existing connection details. The solid building with its details typical of the time, was restored taking all heritage requirements into consideration. The technical equipment was improved and energy‐saving measures implemented.
Pharmacokinetics of guanazole in patients with acute myelocytic leukemia
Authors: Dave Chandrakant , Higby Donald , Mattern John , Holland James F. , Grace J. T.
Published: January 2016

Levels of guanazole (GZ) in plasma and packed cells were determined after a single tracer dose of 14C‐guanazole or during a 5‐day continuous intravenous therapeutic infusion of unlabeled drug to 5 patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (A ML). The levels of unlabeled drug were determined colorimetrically. GZ injected as a tracer dose was rapidly distributed in an apparent volume of 0.61/kg, which is somewhat less than that of total body water, and the drug appeared to be eliminated essentially unchanged by glomerular filtration. The mean apparent volume of distribution increased by about 15% during infusion. An increase of 60% was also noted in the half‐life (t½) values, with a concomitant decrease in the mean value of renal clearance rate by 40%, except in 1 case. The study demonstrates that monitoring levels of guanazole is possible during infusion therapy and indicates that the data could be used to evaluate pharmacokinetic parameters predicting the time‐course of such levels in patients.
CJEU Judgment, Standardisation and Eurocode 6 / EuGH‐Urteil, Normung und Eurocode 6 – Aktuelle Fragen im Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Breitschaft Gerhard
Published: January 2016

This article reviews current challenges for the masonry industry from a regulatory perspective. First, the CJEU judgment and its consequences will be discussed. The judgment of 16 October 2014 will make fundamental changes in the German regulatory system necessary. How these will be implemented is not yet clear so that this article can only give an overview of the present situation (September 2015) in the discussions. What is clear is that the changes in the regulatory system will have repercussions in the field of standardisation. These repercussions will be outlined – in general and specifically for the masonry sector – in the second part of this article. Finally, the paper will look at the progress in the implementation of Eurocode 6 (Design of masonry structures).
Innovative façade technology using masonry – Solid construction 2.0 / Innovative Fassadentechnik mit Mauerwerk – massiv construction 2.0
Authors: Knaack Ulrich
Published: January 2016

This article illustrates the solid building envelope both as an integral system and in terms of its potential for additive manufacturing. The Façade Research Group at the TU Delft works on the building envelope, investigating strategic and process support for development and planning processes and renovation technologies, as well as functionally integrated building envelopes. The Institute of Structural Mechanics and Design at the TU Darmstadt undertakes research and development in the areas of materials technologies (glass, polymers) and additive manufacturing as they relate to building structure.
Solid and timber construction in residential buildings / Massiv‐ und Holzbau bei Wohngebäuden
Authors: Walberg Dietmar
Published: January 2016

In the context of a comprehensive analysis of the current situation in Germany’s residential sector as regards construction costs and developments in these, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für zeitgemäßes Bauen e.V. (ARGE) undertook a specific study to investigate the use of the main materials for building walls (using both solid and timber construction methods) in residential buildings. In order to obtain comparable data, two buildings typical of the residential sector were modelled: an apartment block and a detached house. These reflect the current building situation in Germany.

It should be noted that for both multi‐storey buildings and detached homes, if we look at the median cost, it is more economical to use masonry for the basic structure than timber. The cost advantage of the solid construction method over the timber method for detached houses is 4 %, and the median advantage for apartment blocks is between 4.7 and 6 %.

The studies we used in our assessment of the sustainability of the building materials used (for example from TU Darmstadt) conclude that both construction methods (solid and timber) are comparable in terms of the ‘ecological balance sheet’ results achieved over their entire life cycles and occupancy phases.
Analytical thermo‐mechanics 3D model of friction pendulum bearings
Authors: Monti Giorgio , Petrone Floriana
Published: January 2016

Among the most effective seismic protection devices, friction pendulum (FP), whose conceptual basis lies in the pendulum motion and its simple analytical description, has now gained a widespread acceptance. All the studies carried out so far have explored almost all the remarkable features of this device. Among the most appealing are constant stiffness, constant oscillation period, and recentering capability. These studies – and the authors found no exception – have systematically made reference to the classical gravity pendulum equation, whose motion occurs only in one dimension (1D), according to one DOF: the polar angle θ. When the presence of bi‐directional seismic excitation required a 2D model, authors have resorted to the vector combination of the response of two orthogonal 1D pendulums, which we refer to as ‘1.5D’ pendulum. Actually, FP is more correctly described as a 2D spherical pendulum, consisting of a mass moving on a sphere with friction, according to two DOFs: the polar angle θ and the azimuth angle ϕ. The relevant analytical equations of motion are presented in this paper, also accounting for thermo‐mechanical coupling, to model the friction‐induced temperature on the contact surface. The so‐developed equations have been the object of an ample parametric study. This has allowed to observe some – sometimes notable – features in the FP response, both in free oscillation state and under bi‐directional or tri‐directional earthquake‐like action, which in some cases lead to a different response with respect to what is generally computed – and designed – under the simplified assumptions of 1D or ‘1.5D’ pendulum motion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Relationship Between Mindfulness and Multicultural Counseling Competence
Authors: Ivers Nathaniel N. , Johnson David A. , Clarke Philip B. , Newsome Deborah W. , Berry Rachel A.
Published: January 2016

The authors examined the association between multicultural counseling competence (MCC) and mindfulness. Previous authors have maintained a conceptual link between MCC and mindfulness; however, this is the first empirical analysis of the relationship between MCC and mindfulness. Results revealed that, after race/ethnicity, multicultural course completion, and empathy were controlled, components of mindfulness were correlated with multicultural awareness and multicultural knowledge. These results have implications for counselor education, counseling practice, and future research.
A Millennial Mistake: Three Arguments Against Radical Social Constructivism
Authors: North Alex
Published: January 2016

Recent scholars have argued that counseling has begun to embrace social constructivism as a paradigm for counseling. However, this commitment to social constructivist tenets may be both premature and undesirable. This article provides a critique of a dominant branch of social constructivism: radical social constructivism. Three arguments are presented establishing that radical social constructivism leads to logically impossible conclusions, violates counseling's moral convictions, and denies secure scholarship in related fields.
Identification of biofilms in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea
Authors: Idicula Winslo K. , Jurcisek Joseph A. , Cass Nathan D. , Ali Syed , Goodman Steven D. , Elmaraghy Charles A. , Jatana Kris R. , Bakaletz Lauren O.
Published: January 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

Otitis media is a common problem in the pediatric population. Despite antibiotic therapy, post‐tympanostomy otorrhea can be difficult to treat. Biofilms have been shown to play a role in chronic and recurrent otitis media and are implicated in otorrhea. This study investigated both the microbial composition and the presence of biofilm fragments rich in extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the bacterial DNA‐binding protein, integration host factor (IHF), in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea.

Study Design

Clinical samples.

Methods

Institutional review board approval was obtained, and samples were recovered from pediatric patients with tympanostomy tubes and persistent otorrhea for both microbial culture and biofilm analysis. For biofilm assessment, frozen samples were sectioned and then labeled using a rabbit anti‐IHF, which was detected with goat anti‐rabbit IgG conjugated to AlexaFluor 594. Samples were then counterstained with 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) to detect DNA, and images were captured by inverted light microscopy.

Results

Of 15 pediatric otorrhea samples analyzed, nine (60%) contained solids that were positive for labeling of IHF in association with a lattice of eDNA, and 75% yielded positive bacterial cultures. Bacterial culture results included H. influenzae, Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, and P. aeruginosa.

Conclusion

Positive labeling of otorrhea solids for eDNA and IHF, in combination with microbiological culture results, indicated that biofilms likely played a key role in chronic otorrhea. Moreover, as a known critical structural component of biofilms, these findings suggest that DNABII proteins in association with eDNA may serve as an important therapeutic target in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 126:1946–1951, 2016
Clinical significance of arterial stiffness in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Chul Won , Kim Changsun , Park Jin‐Kyu , Shin Jeong‐Hun
Published: January 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To investigate the clinical significance of arterial stiffness in the development and prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

Study Design

A prospective case‐control study.

Methods

Fifty‐four adult patients with idiopathic SSNHL and 54 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were evaluated between January 2014 and May 2015. Arterial stiffness was assessed from brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and other cardiovascular markers including blood pressure, body mass index, and lipid profiles were determined. The SSNHL patients were divided into two groups, recovery and nonrecovery, according to hearing recovery.

Results

BaPWV was higher in the SSNHL group than in the control group (P = .036), whereas comorbidity, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were similar. In addition, baPWV was correlated with initial hearing threshold, which indicated the severity of SSNHL (r = 0.38, P = .004). Univariate analysis showed that age, initial hearing threshold, and baPWV were higher in the nonrecovery group than the recovery group (P = .001, P = .004, and P = .007, respectively). There was also a significantly higher prevalence of a history of hypertension or diabetes in the nonrecovery group than in the recovery group. However, multivariate analysis showed that only the initial hearing threshold was associated with hearing recovery (P = .029).

Conclusions

Higher baPWV, representative of arterial stiffness, was associated with development and severity of SSNHL, which supports the hypothesis of a vascular etiology for this disease. Arterial stiffness had limited value in predicting the prognosis of SSNHL.

Level of Evidence

3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1918–1922, 2016
Polymer and Particle Dynamics and Assembly in Varied Hydrodynamic Fields
Authors: Ruud Eric D. , Wilkinson Nikolas A. , Dutcher Cari S.
Published: January 2016

Polymeric solutions and colloidal suspensions are complex fluidic mixtures featuring mesoscopic characteristic length scales. An exciting feature of complex fluids is their unusual response to external stimulus, such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical forcing, due to changes in the orientation, structure, and assembly of the dissolved or suspended macromolecules. These tunable polymer and particle dynamics and interactions play essential roles in both industrial and environmental aqueous processes. In this work, recent advancements in complex fluid dynamics and macromolecular assembly in varied hydrodynamic fields are highlighted, including viscoelastic (de)stabilization in Taylor–Couette flow, colloidal particle assembly in electrohydrodynamic flows, and polyelectrolyte–particle flocculation in turbulent flows. Polymers including neutral polyethylene oxide and charged cationic polyacrylamide and particles including charged spherical beads and smectite inorganic clays are explored here. Polymer–particle dynamics and assembly, if well understood, can be engineered for key contributions in environmental remediation and energy‐saving applications.

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Multiplicity of solutions for Kirchhoff type equations involving critical Sobolev exponents in high dimension
Authors: Yao Xianzhong , Mu Chunlai
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we study the following Kirchhoff‐type elliptic problemurn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3821:mma3821-math-0002whereis a bounded domain with smooth boundary∂Ω,a,b,λ,μ> 0 and 1 <q< 2∗=2N/(N− 2). WhenN= 4, we obtain that there is a ground state solution to the problem forq∈(2,4) by using a variational methods constrained on the Nehari manifold and also show the problem possesses infinitely many negative energy solutions forq∈(1,2) by applying usual Krasnoselskii genus theory. In addition, we admit that there is a positive solution to the equations forN≥5 under some suitable conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetfelder messen mit Teslameter 11th
Authors: Klein Pascal , Hochberg Katrin , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas
Published: January 2016

Die App Teslameter 11th misst mit Hilfe des integrierten Magnetfeldstärke‐Sensors von Smartphones oder Tablet‐PCs den Betrag sowie die Raumkomponenten der magnetischen Flussdichte. Dadurch kann das Gerät im Alltag als Leitungsdetektor ebenso eingesetzt werden wie im Physikunterricht.
Nichtflüchtiger optischer Speicher in photonischen Schaltkreisen
Authors: Stegmaier Matthias , Pernice Wolfram H. P.
Published: January 2016

Der Bedarf an immer größerer Rechenleistung wächst unablässig, kann aber in jüngerer Vergangenheit nicht mehr durch immer höhere Prozessor‐Taktfrequenzen befriedigt werden, da die Signalübertragung zwischen Speicher und Prozessor selbst zum Flaschenhals geworden ist. Daher wird intensiv daran geforscht, Daten mit Licht zu übertragen. Ein wichtiger Schritt in diese Richtung gelang unserer Gruppe am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie – die Entwicklung eines chip‐integrierten volloptischen Speichers.
Maternal serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 at 22 and 32 weeks in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Wright D. , Krajewska K. , Bogdanova A. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To investigate the potential value of repeat measurements of maternal serum concentration of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) at 22 and 32 weeks' gestation in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE) in women delivering after 32 weeks.

Methods

The data were derived from prospective screening for adverse obstetric outcomes in women attending their routine hospital visit at 19–24 and/or 30–34 weeks' gestation in one of two maternity hospitals in England. Serum sFlt‐1 was measured in 7565 and 8264 singleton pregnancies at 19–24 and 30–34 weeks, respectively. Bayes' theorem was used to combine the a‐priori risk from maternal factors with sFlt‐1 multiples of the median (MoM) values. The performance of screening for PE developing after the 30–34‐week visit by sFlt‐1, measured at 19–24, 30–34 and at both 19–24 and 30–34 weeks was examined.

Results

In pregnancies with PE, sFlt‐1 in both the second and third trimesters was increased and the deviation from normal was inversely related to the gestational age at which delivery became necessary for maternal or fetal indications. Serum sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks was not useful in predicting PE beyond the 30–34‐week visit, but the addition of sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks improved the prediction of PE provided by sFlt‐1 at 30–34 weeks. Screening by maternal factors and sFlt‐1 at 30–34 weeks predicted 94% of preterm PE and 54% of term PE, at a false‐positive rate of 10%; this was improved to 99% and 64%, respectively, by the additional measurement of sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks.

Conclusions

Measurement of sFlt‐1 in the second trimester improves the prediction of PE provided by screening in the early third‐trimester. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Evaluation of Castor Oil Samples for Potential Toxin Contamination
Authors: McKeon Thomas A. , Patfield Stephanie A. , He Xiaohua
Published: January 2016

Castor oil and its derivatives are widely used as a chemical feedstock for production of lubricants and greases, engineering plastics, plasticizers and surfactants. It also has wide application in consumer goods such as lipstick, deodorants and medicinal uses. Due to concerns about the possible presence of the ricin toxin in the oil, we have tested a collection of castor oils processed using different approaches, including cold‐pressed, US Pharmaceutical (USP) grade, and neutralized oils. Water soluble proteins were extracted from oil samples into phosphate‐buffered saline containing 0.05 % bovine serum albumin (PBSB) and analyzed for potential ricin contamination by ELISA. Our results indicate that only the cold‐pressed castor oil contained measurable levels of the toxin, estimated to be 35 ± 13 μg/l. A normal oral dose of castor oil for laxative use is 14 ml, so even cold‐pressed castor oil would be well below the toxic level of 1–5 μg/kg body weight. However, the presence of the toxin indicates that other soluble proteins, including allergens, may be present in cold‐pressed castor oil.
Enzymatic Synthesis of High sn‐2 DHA and ARA Modified Oils for the Formulation of Infant Formula Fat Analogues
Authors: Álvarez Carlos A. , Akoh Casimir C.
Published: January 2016

High sn‐2 docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid oils (DHAOm and ARAOm, respectively) were produced independently via enzymatic interesterification of DHA‐rich and ARA‐rich single cell oils (DHASCO and ARASCO, respectively) using a mix of immobilized lipases, Lipozyme® TL IM and Novozym® 435 (weight ratio 1:1) as the biocatalyst system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize the reactions conditions. Three independent variables, namely reaction time, reaction temperature, and enzyme load, were investigated in DHAOm and ARAOm models. The prediction power of the model was further confirmed by solvent‐free scale‐up reactions of 100 g per batch. Final results showed that DHAOm contained 46.53 mol% of total DHA (49.70 % at the sn‐2 position), while ARAOm contained 47.25 mol% of total ARA (36.08 % at the sn‐2 position). This represents a significant increment in the amount of DHA and ARA at the sn‐2 position when compared to DHASCO (47.8 mol%; 30.30 % at the sn‐2) and ARASCO (47.79 mol%; 28.50 % at the sn‐2), respectively. These products have potential as additions to infant formulas where DHA and ARA supplementation is required.