bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In the Matter of Kl (A Child) (U.K. Sup. Ct.) & X v. Latvia (Eur. CT. H.R.)
Authors: Loken Keith
Published: July 2014

On December 4, 2013, the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom ruled in In the Matter of KL that a child brought to the UK pursuant to a U.S. district court order–subsequently overturned by a U.S. court of appeals–in a proceeding under the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction (Hague Convention) must be returned to the United States. One week earlier, in a 9-8 decision issued on November 26, 2013, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), upholding the judgment of the ECHR Chamber below, ruled in X v. Latvia that the actions of the Latvian courts, ordering Ms. X to return her daughter E. to Australia under the Hague Convention, constituted an infringement of Ms. X’s rights under Article 8 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Human Rights Convention). These cases provide an interesting contrast in approaches to the international abduction of children.
International Criminal Court Code of Conduct for the Office of the Prosecutor
Authors: Pacewicz Lawrence
Published: July 2014

On September 5, 2013, the Code of Conduct for the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP Code) adopted by the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) at the International Criminal Court (Court or ICC) entered into force, a little over a year after the commencement of the term of the current Prosecutor, Mrs. Fatou Bensouda. Though the Code fills an important void in the regulation of OTP ethical conduct, its provenance and content mean that much will depend on the manner in which it is applied in the future.
O Público da Divulgação Científica no Paradigma da Cultura Participativa
Authors: FLORES Natália , De Azevedo Mello GOMES Isaltina Maria
Published: July 2014

Neste artigo abordamos a divulgação científica e sua construção de público na cultura da participação, onde há a apropriação de blogs e de outras mídias sociais por cientistas e não cientistas. Refletimos sobre os modos como os estudos de divulgação científica construíram o público da divulgação científica (DC), aliando também reflexões de novos olhares sobre o público que surgem com as potencialidades de interação e de aproximação oferecidas pelos blogs.
Ciência e Jornalismo: Apontamentos Sobre as Ideias de Boaventura de Sousa Santos para a Compreensão do Jornalismo
Authors: IJUIM Jorge Kanehide
Published: July 2014

As bases para o jornalismo moderno foram estabelecidas no século XIX, quando a imprensa institucionalizou-se como empresa de comunicação. Essa transformação aconteceu no clima e na circunstância do pensamento científico moderno. O presente trabalho, de caráter ensaístico, apresenta alguns apontamentos advindos da pesquisa que realizei na Universidade de Coimbra (2012-2013) e visou aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o pensamento científico contemporâneo, em especial nas ideias de Boaventura de Sousa Santos. Como um estudo teórico-prático, recorri ao método filosófico (FOLSCHEID e WUNENBURGER, 1997) para mergulhar nos escritos do autor. Em decorrência, procuro averiguar como o pensamento de Santos pode contribuir para a construção de uma crítica aos modelos de jornalismo atuais – ainda com evidência nos preceitos da ciência moderna.
A Divulgação da Produção Científica no Brasil: A Visibilidade da Pesquisa nos Portais das Universidades Brasileiras
Authors: BUENO Wilson Da Costa
Published: July 2014

A pesquisa desenvolvida pelas universidades brasileiras permanece na invisibilidade, comprometendo uma de suas funções básicas: a democratização do conhecimento científico. Além disso, há lacunas importantes no processo de disponibilização das informações relativas à estrutura e à dinâmica de investigação nas instituições universitárias, dificultando o seu acesso pelos interessados e à sociedade de maneira geral. Esta conclusão é resultado de estudo que analisou a divulgação, pelos portais de quatro universidades do Sul do país, dos relatos de pesquisas realizados internamente e de outros dados relevantes que contribuem para legitimar o seu esforço de investigação.
Entre Campos: Os Intelectuais como Fontes Jornalísticas na Cobertura das Manifestações de Rua no Brasil
Authors: MORAES Ana Luiza Coiro , MACHADO Alisson , TOMAZETTI Tainan Pauli
Published: July 2014

Este artigo investiga as relações entre o campo científico, expresso pela atuação de intelectuais como fontes experts, e o jornalístico televisivo, no contexto das manifestações de rua ocorridas no país, no mês de junho de 2013. Utilizando como paradigma metodológico o conceito de estrutura de sentimento, tensionado pelas noções de residual, dominante e emergente, como proposto por Raymond Williams (1979, 2003), problematizamos a participação de intelectuais em três momentos da cobertura da Globo News a esses acontecimentos.
Informal Learning Processes in an Elementary Music Classroom
Authors: Davis Sharon
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this study was to describe the nature of the learning and teaching processes that emerged in an elementary music setting in which popular music and informal learning processes were salient components of the pedagogical approach. Initial research questions focused on the ways in which children engage in learning popular music in a general music setting and the pedagogical approaches used by the teacher in support of the children’s use of informal learning processes. Participants in this action research study were 24 nine- and ten-year old students in one fourth-grade class. Data were gathered using multiple ethnographic techniques including video and audio recording, field notes, and multiple interviews. A narrative discussion describes the informal processes that the children used in order to cover a popular song of their choice. Working with popular music fostered immediate engagement and escalated the emotional connection to the music, which was paramount to the children. Performing meaningful music uncovered musical identity, propelled performance agency, and promoted social consciousness.
Quality Evaluation of Beef Preserved With Food Grade Organic Acids at Room Temperature
Authors: O. O. Eniolorunda , E. S. Apata , O. E. Ogunlesi , A. O. Okubanjo
Published: July 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of three common food grade organic acids – citric, acetic and ascorbic on quality properties of fresh beef preserved for 14 days. 1 kg of fresh beef (thigh muscle) of White Fulani cow was purchased at Ayetoro market in Yewa North local government Area of Ogun State and was divided into 4 equal parts of 250 g per treatment replicated three times. The acids were purchased at Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi (FIIRO) Lagos. 5% each of the organic acid was prepared and constituted an experimental treatment, freezing was used as control. Thus: T1 = Freezing (control), T2 = Citric acid, T3 = Acetic acid, T4 = Ascorbic acid. 10ml of each organic acid solution was injected into 250 g fresh beef with a needle and syringe and immersed in the same solution in covered plastic containers, stored at room temperature (27 ºC).

The results showed that most of the physicochemical properties of the preserved beef were better (P < 0.05) in treatment 3, also. Lipid oxidation and microbial values were lower (P < 0.05) in the same treatment. However, acceptability of beef in treatment3 was lower (P < 0.05) because colour and flavour scores beef were lower (P < 0.05). It was suggested therefore, that lower concentrations of acetic acid be tested in a separate study to ascertain concentration level that will confer higher colour flavour and acceptability scores on beef since acetic acid favoured almost all tested properties and of preserved beef in this study.
AVALIAÇÃO DA AÇÃO DO USO DE DROGAS NA SAÚDE BUCAL DE DEPENDENTES QUÍMICOS
Authors: Alves Daiane Mayara , Nai Gisele Alborghetti , Parizi José Luiz Santos
Published: July 2014

The use ofdrugs of abuseis apublic health problem. One of thedifficulties intreatingdrug usersis thelack of informationon the subjectfacingdentistry.This study aimed toassessthe oral conditionsofaddicts in treatment in Centersfor Psychosocial Care (CAPS IIAD). We performedan interview, examinationof the oral cavity, sialometryassessmentandoralpHin 60patients attendingtwo CAPS IIADin twocitiesin the stateof SãoPaulo, of both sexesandover 18 years old. The majority(28%) were agedbetween 41and 50 years, were male(85%) andhave elementary education(37%). Among those interviewed,98%reported that they hadbeen to the dentist. 22% did notbrush their teethand 95% did not flossing. The abuse drugsmore used were: alcohol (95%), cigarettes (85%), marijuana(48%) and cocaine/ crack/merla(40%). The oral routeisthe route of administrationof the drugmost frequently cited(51%). Hyposalivationwas diagnosedin 56% of patients and 12% hadacidic pH. The main visible changesin periodontalarea weregingival retraction, color change, plaque and calculussimultaneously (42%), anddental change wasexogenous pigmentation(15%). Only 2% had none decayed, restored,lostorextraction indicated in permanent teeth. All patients had multipleoral abnormalitiesassociated with use ofdrugs of abuse(such ashyposalivation, oralacidpH, exogenous pigmentation), and oral healthgreatlycompromised.
INFECÇÃO URINÁRIA: DO DIAGNÓSTICO AO TRATAMENTO
Authors: Rangel Marcel , Tressa Yáscara , Zago Sueli Schadeck
Published: July 2014

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common condition in all ages, from newborns to the elderly, being more frequent in females. This study aims to analyze the main causes of urinary tract infections, assessing its complications, its diagnostic tests and therapeutics. The UTI consists of microbial colonization of the urine that can develop into a tissue invasion of any structure of the urinary tract. Urine analysis is a simple cheap and easy to obtain thesample, yet provides relevant information on renal and urinary tract, as well as some extra-renal diseases, being considered a routine examination. Among the tests performed for confirmation and monitoring of urinary infection are reagent strips ("dipstick"), especially used to screen cases of suspected acute UTI. The downside would be the use of some medications that can alter the outcome of laboratory tests using pharmacological mechanisms, physical, chemical and metabolic, as being a very commonplace infection, people end up self-medicating in order to relieve pain and if there is no improvement in symptoms, only to decide later laboratory examination, thus controlling this interference plays an important role in our laboratory. After completion of the urine culture and getting a positive result, the antibiogram will be made to check the most effective drug. However due to this indiscriminate use, exams can end up suffering changes in the results and sometimes even a negative urine culture.
INFLUÊNCIA DA FISIOTERAPIA NA SÍNDROME DO IMOBILISMO
Authors: Cintra Mariana Molinar Mauad , Mendonça Adriana Clemente , Rossi e Silva Renata Calciolari , Abate Débora Tavares
Published: July 2014

The immobility syndrome is a set of changes that occur in individual bedridden for an extended period may lead changes in the musculoskeletal system, hindering the activities of daily living. The aim was to evaluate the influence of physiotherapy on immobility syndrome. Alzheimer's disease is the most frequent neurodegenerative pathology associated with age, whose cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations result in a disability, and in more advanced stages leads to immobilization in bed. The physical therapy is an important tool to reduce the damage caused by immobility. Twentysessions of physical therapy was performed intwo female patients, aged 87 years (patient 1) and 74 years (patient 2) layered over a month ago, both diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. Patients presented functional disability, decreased range of motion and muscle strength. It was performed joint mobilizations of upper and lower limbs, stretching exercises and relaxation. Patient 2 receive the treatment described aboveandalsoreceived treatment with Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) for 10 minutes. Patient 1 had no improvement in their motor frame, whilepatient 2 improved their functional capacity, their ROM, muscle contraction and muscle strengthening. Therefore, it was concluded that low frequencyFunctional Electrical Stimulationis indicated to muscular strength, ADM maintenance and controlof muscle spasticity,being indicated to patients with immobility syndrome in order to avoid complications of originatesfrom extended period of bedridden.
Update on the New Classification of Hepatic Adenomas: Clinical, Molecular, and Pathologic Characteristics
Authors: Dhingra Sadhna , Fiel M. Isabel
Published: July 2014

Context.—Hepatic adenoma is an uncommon, benign, hepatic neoplasm that typically occurs in women of child-bearing age, often with a history of long-term use of oral contraceptive drugs. This is usually detected as an incidental mass lesion in a noncirrhotic liver during imaging studies. Pathologic evaluation by needle core biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Molecular studies have revealed that hepatic adenomas involve unique molecular pathways that are distinct from hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on these studies, a French collaborative group has recently proposed a molecular-pathologic classification for hepatic adenomas. In addition, advances in molecular studies have led to reclassification of the “telangiectatic variant of focal nodular hyperplasia” as “hepatic adenoma, inflammatory subtype.”

Objective.—To review the proposed, new classification of hepatic adenoma and the changes in diagnostic workup in light of the above-mentioned developments.

Data sources.—Review of published literature and illustrations from clinical case material.

Conclusions.—Definitive diagnosis of liver mass lesion on needle core biopsies has a decisive role in clinical management. With the advent of the new classification of hepatic adenomas and its prognostic implications, it is vital for pathologists to be aware of the morphologic features seen in different subtypes and the available diagnostic tools, such as immunohistochemistry, to help identify the correct subtype.
Frequency Monitoring of Hemoglobin A1c, Low-Density Lipoprotein, and Urine Protein Laboratory Testing: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study
Authors: Perrotta Peter L. , Jones Ryan , Souers Rhona J. , Darcy Teresa P. , Howanitz Peter J.
Published: July 2014

Context.—Ensuring laboratory tests are performed at intervals consistent with established, evidence-based guidelines in diabetic patients is an important aspect of laboratory utilization.

Objectives.—To measure how frequently diabetes mellitus patients are tested for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), low-density lipoprotein, and urine protein and to determine whether the frequencies with which these analytes are tested are consistent with recognized guidelines.

Design.—Participants prospectively identified up to 40 patients with a current HbA1c result and at least 2 previous measurements within the past 24 months. For each patient identified with at least 3 HbA1c measurements during a 24-month period, participants also determined the number of low-density lipoprotein and spot or random urine protein tests that were performed during those 24 months.

Results.—Participants from 49 institutions submitted a total of 1915 cases that met the study criteria of at least 3 HbA1c test results within the past 24 months. Approximately 95% of patients had 8 or fewer HbA1c tests in the past 24 months; 79% of patients with at least 3 HbA1c tests had at least 2 low-density lipoprotein tests and 27% had at least 2 urine protein tests reported during the 24-month study period.

Conclusion.—Participating laboratories were generally successful in documenting appropriate utilization of HbA1c testing in diabetes mellitus monitoring, but had more difficulty documenting that diabetes mellitus patients had annual testing for low-density lipoprotein and urine protein.
Polyclonal Napsin A Expression: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall in Distinguishing Primary From Metastatic Mucinous Tumors in the Lung
Authors: Heymann Jonas J. , Hoda Rana S. , Scognamiglio Theresa
Published: July 2014

Context.—Napsin A is a useful marker for distinguishing primary from metastatic lung tumors. Mucinous lung tumors may be difficult to distinguish from metastatic mucinous tumors.

Objectives.—To evaluate napsin A expression in lung and extrapulmonary mucinous tumors on both histology and cytology specimens and to determine napsin A's utility in differentiating primary from metastatic mucinous tumors.

Design.—Napsin A immunohistochemistry was performed using a rabbit polyclonal antibody on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical and fine-needle aspiration biopsy–derived, paraffin-embedded cell block specimens. Positive expression was defined as coarse, granular, cytoplasmic staining in 10% or more of tumor cells.

Results.—Sixteen of 32 mucinous lung tumors (50%) and 16 of 33 extrapulmonary mucinous tumors (48%), including 15 of 18 of gastrointestinal origin (83%), expressed napsin A. Positivity was concordant between surgical and cell block specimens in 5 of 9 cases (56%). In 3 of 4 discordant cases, napsin A expression was detected on the surgical specimen but not the cell block. The cell block material in these cases was paucicellular.

Conclusions.—Napsin A shows decreased sensitivity and specificity for mucinous lung tumors and is unlikely to be reliable as a sole immunohistochemical marker of lung origin for such tumors (52% specificity in this study). The high frequency of napsin A expression in gastrointestinal mucinous tumors makes it particularly unreliable in distinguishing metastatic gastrointestinal from primary lung mucinous tumors. However, napsin A expression analysis may facilitate distinguishing mucinous tumors of pulmonary from those of nongastrointestinal origin. Interpretation of napsin A staining may be problematic in mucinous tumor specimens of low cellularity such as cell blocks.
Quick Reads: Using Technology to Build a Pen for Browser
Authors: Haltiwanger Leigh , Horton Robert M. , Lance Brooke
Published: July 2014

Making mathematics meaningful is a challenge that all math teachers endeavor to meet. As math teachers, we spend countless hours crafting problems that will energize students and help them connect mathematical topics to their everyday lives. Being successful in our efforts requires that we allow students to explore ideas before we provide explanations and demands that we ask questions to promote a depth of thinking and reasoning that would not occur without such probing (Marshall and Horton 2009).
Fostering Perseverance: Inspiring students to be “doers of hard things”
Authors: Bray Wendy
Published: July 2014

This department publishes brief news articles, announcements, and guest editorials on current issues that stimulate the interest of TCM readers and cause them to think about an issue or consider a specific viewpoint about some aspect of mathematics education.
The Impact of Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Diabetes Mellitus on Wound-Healing Complications and Infection After Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Humphers Jon M. , Shibuya Naohiro , Fluhman Benjamin L. , Jupiter Daniel
Published: July 2014

Background

The relationship between hyperglycemia and adverse outcomes after surgery has been widely documented. Long-term glucose control has been recognized as a risk factor for postoperative complications. In the foot and ankle literature, long-term glycemic control as a potential perioperative risk factor is not well studied. Our goal was to investigate whether hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was independently associated with postoperative complications in a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Three hundred twenty-two patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the study to assess risk factors associated with postoperative foot and ankle surgery complications.

Results

Bivariate analyses showed that HbA1c level and having at least one comorbidity were associated with postoperative infections. However, after adjusting for other covariates, the only significant factor was HbA1c level, with each increment of 1% increasing the odds of infection by a factor of 1.59 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28–1.99). For postoperative wound-healing complications, bivariate analyses showed that body mass index, having at least one comorbidity, and HbA1c level were significant factors. After adjusting for other covariates, the only significant factors for developing postoperative wound complications were having at least one comorbidity (odds ratio, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.22–3.37) and HbA1c level (each 1% increment) (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.53).

Conclusions

In this retrospective study, HbA1c level had the strongest association with postoperative foot and ankle surgery complications in patients with diabetes.
Molecular Determination of Mixed Infections of Dermatophytes and Nondermatophyte Molds in Individuals with Onychomycosis
Authors: Gupta Aditya K. , Nakrieko Kerry-Ann
Published: July 2014

Background

Reports of mixed infections with nondermatophyte molds (NDMs) and dermatophytes in onychomycosis are rare, possibly owing to the inhibition of NDM growth during traditional culture. We sought to determine the prevalence of mixed infections in onychomycosis using molecular identification.

Methods

Molecular analyses were used to identify infecting organisms directly from at least two serial great toenail samples from each of the 44 patients.

Results

Mixed infections were present in 41% of the patients (18 of 44). A single coinfecting NDM was the most common mixed infection and was detected in 34% of patients with onychomycosis (15 of 44), with Fusarium oxysporum present in 14% (6 of 44), Scopulariopsis brevicaulis in 9% (4 of 44), Acremonium spp in 2% (1 of 44), Aspergillus spp in 4.5% (2 of 44), and Scytalidium spp in 4.5% (2 of 44). Mixed infections with two NDMs were found in 7% of patients (3 of 44).

Conclusions

Mixed onychomycosis infections may be more prevalent than previously reported.
Medial Longitudinal Arch Mechanics Before and After a 45-Minute Run
Authors: Boyer Elizabeth R. , Ward Erin D. , Derrick Timothy R.
Published: July 2014

Background

Medial longitudinal arch integrity after prolonged running has yet to be well documented. We sought to quantify changes in medial longitudinal arch kinematics before and after a 45-min run in healthy recreational runners.

Methods

Thirty runners performed barefoot seated, standing, and running trials before and after a 45-min shod treadmill run. Navicular displacement, arch lengthening, and the arch height index were used to quantify arch deformation, and the arch rigidity index was used to quantify arch stiffness.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in mean (95% confidence interval) values for navicular displacement (5.6 mm [4.7–6.4 mm]), arch lengthening (3.2 mm [2.6–3.9 mm]), change in arch height index (0.015 [0.012–0.018]), or arch rigidity index (0.95 [0.94–0.96]) after the 45-min run (all multivariate analyses of variance P ≥ .065).

Conclusions

Because there were no statistically significant changes in arch deformation or rigidity, the structures of a healthy, intact medial longitudinal arch are capable of either adapting to cyclical loading or withstanding a 45-min run without compromise.
Podiatric Physicians' Perspectives on Their Role in Promoting Self-Care in High-Risk Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Tinloy Jennifer , Kaul Shailja , Ulbrecht Jan , Schaefer Eric , Gabbay Robert A.
Published: July 2014

Background

Foot self-care is key in preventing morbidity in high-risk diabetic patients. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an approach to encourage behavior change by patients that can be used in medical settings. The goal was to explore how podiatric physicians promote self-care in such patients and whether they use MI techniques.

Methods

We conducted a 19-question online survey of US-based practicing podiatric physicians. Most answers were on a 5-point scale. The MI index was the sum of answers to five relevant questions.

Results

Of 843 podiatric physicians, 86% considered foot self-care to be very important for high-risk diabetic patients, and 90% felt that it was their role to discuss foot self-care with them; 49% felt that they had training and were successful in promoting behavior change, but most were definitely (38%) or possibly (46%) interested in learning more. Only 24% of respondents scored at least 15 of 20 on the MI index. Higher MI scores were associated with more face time and more time discussing foot self-care but were not related to podiatric physicians' age, sex, geographic location, percentage of time in surgery, or years in practice. Reported barriers to counseling were lack of reimbursed time and poor patient engagement.

Conclusions

Most podiatric physicians view self-care behavior among high-risk diabetic patients and their role in promoting it as very important; most feel already proficient, but only a few demonstrate MI skills; most are willing to learn more. Success in behavioral counseling, such as MI, is likely to require more time and may be encouraged by a move from fee-for-service to outcome-based reimbursement.
Needling Versus Liquid Nitrogen Cryotherapy for the Treatment of Pedal Warts
Authors: Cunningham Daniel J. , Brimage Jessica T. , Naraghi Reza N. , Bower Virginia M.
Published: July 2014

Background

We hypothesized that needling of a pedal wart creates local inflammation and a subsequent cell-mediated immune response (CMIR) against human papillomavirus. The primary objective of this study was to investigate whether needling to induce a CMIR against human papillomavirus is an effective treatment for pedal warts compared with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. A secondary objective was to investigate whether the CMIR induced by needling is effective against satellite pedal warts.

Methods

Eligible patients with pedal warts were randomly allocated to receive either needling or liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Only the primary pedal wart was treated during the study. Follow-up was 12 weeks, with outcome assessments made independently under blinded circumstances.

Results

Of 37 patients enrolled in the study, 18 were allocated to receive needling and 19 to receive liquid nitrogen cryotherapy. Regression of the primary pedal wart occurred in 64.7% of the needling group (11 of 17) and in 6.2% of the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group (1 of 16) (P =  .001). No significant relationship was found between needling of the primary pedal wart and regression of satellite pedal warts (P = .615) or complete pedal wart regression (P = .175). There was no significant difference in pain, satisfaction, or cosmesis between the two groups.

Conclusions

The regression rate of the primary pedal wart was significantly higher in the needling group compared with the liquid nitrogen cryotherapy group.
From Freshman to Graduate: Making the Case for Student-Centric Institutional Repositories
Authors: Passehl-Stoddart Erin , Monge Robert
Published: July 2014

INTRODUCTION Institutional repositories provide an opportunity to enhance the undergraduate education experience by developing student-centric collections. This article highlights five IR collections focusing on undergraduate student work at a medium size university. LITERATURE REVIEW Students benefit when they actively participate in undergraduate research activities that are tied to high-impact educational practices. However, there are limited options for undergraduate students to publish and share their work. Academic librarians are well-positioned to develop a student-centric institutional repository supporting undergraduate student research while working at instilling better information literacy standards and practices. DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT Western Oregon University’s Hamersly Library developed an institutional repository with an initial collection development strategy around undergraduate student collections based on the university’s strong identity and emphasis on undergraduate education. While traditional academic publishing opportunities are represented, there is also space and encouragement for publication of other types of student created material including presentations and creative works. There is an emphasis on representing student work from all grade levels. By connecting the student scholarship collections to high-impact educational practices, the library can advocate and demonstrate additional types of value that resonate with faculty and university administrators. NEXT STEPS The library will explore student publishing opportunities that originate in existing classes and new courses taught by librarians. Library faculty will continue to educate university administration and faculty on scholarly communication initiatives and their concerns of plagiarism and quality of work.
Publish, not Perish: Supporting Graduate Students as Aspiring Authors
Authors: Alvarez Barbara , Bonnet Jennifer L , Kahn Meredith
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND Students pursuing advanced degrees are increasingly expected to contribute to their discipline’s scholarly discourse during their tenure in graduate school. However, they are often unsure of how or where to begin the publishing process, and do not always feel comfortable asking for help from their faculty advisors or fellow students. Scholars, including librarians, have attempted to address these concerns by developing tools and services to meet the needs of future faculty. In recent years, university presses and research libraries have recognized their shared mission in furthering scholarship, with libraries themselves offering publishing education and expertise. PROJECT OVERVIEW During the 2012-2013 academic year, subject librarians and publishing professionals at the University of Michigan Library crafted a program to address students’ questions and concerns about the publishing lifecycle. This ongoing initiative includes a multi-semester workshop series developed in concert with faculty from departments throughout campus, as well as a supplementary online toolkit that takes into account the rapidly evolving nature of scholarly communication. LESSONS LEARNED Major takeaways from this program include: the value of student assessment in shaping publishing workshops; awareness of the discrepancies of registration numbers and actual attendance, highlighting the potential for enhanced promotion techniques; the importance of university press and faculty insight; and the benefits of collaboration among librarians, publishing professionals, and faculty members. NEXT STEPS Future iterations of this program will incorporate in-depth assessment of each program, a more interactive learning environment, and better scheduling and promotion of the workshop series.
Structure of the Bighorn Mountain region, Wyoming, from teleseismic receiver function analysis: Implications for the kinematics of Laramide shortening
Authors: Yeck William L. , Sheehan Anne F. , Anderson Megan L. , Erslev Eric A. , Miller Kate C. , Siddoway Christine S.
Published: July 2014

Basement‐cored uplifts are observed globally and remain an enigmatic feature of plate tectonics due to the fact that, in many cases, they occur distant from a plate boundary. The Laramide Bighorn Arch in Wyoming is an archetypal basement‐involved foreland arch and provides an excellent setting for the investigation of such structures. Previous studies proposed diverse arch formation models; each of which predicts a unique crustal geometry. We use high‐resolution crustal imaging from teleseismic P wave receiver functions to test these models. We obtained our data from 239 three‐component seismometers deployed as part of the Bighorns Arch Seismic Experiment as well as coeval regional Transportable Array stations. A sequential, two‐layer thickness VP/VS (H‐κ) stacking algorithm constrains sediment and crustal structure. Receiver function Common Conversion Point stacking results in 2‐D transect images across the arch. Our results define an upwarp of the crust beneath the central and northern arch that extends into the Powder River Basin, north‐northeast of the arch. The lack of Moho‐cutting faults or a Moho geometry mirroring the arch rules out most shortening models except a crustal detachment model where shortening was accomplished by fault‐propagation folding on a thrust splay ramping off a midcrustal detachment fault. The mismatch between gentle, symmetric Moho and asymmetric Laramide arch geometries and their trends suggests a pre‐Laramide origin for at least a part of the Moho high. This high, perhaps in combination with a lesser degree of Laramide lithospheric buckling, may have caused emergent Laramide thrusting and thus nucleated the Bighorn Arch. Our results suggest that midcrustal detachment can form basement‐involved foreland arches and suggest the hypothesis that preexisting undulations in the Moho may have nucleated individual arches.
Windsock memory COnditioned RAM (CO‐RAM) pressure effect: Forced reconnection in the Earth's magnetotail
Authors: Vörös Z. , Facskó G. , Khodachenko M. , Honkonen I. , Janhunen P. , Palmroth M.
Published: July 2014

Magnetic reconnection (MR) is a key physical concept explaining the addition of magnetic flux to the magnetotail and closed flux lines back‐motion to the dayside magnetosphere. This scenario elaborated by Dungey (1963) can explain many aspects of solar wind‐magnetosphere interaction processes, including substorms. However, neither the Dungey model nor its numerous modifications were able to explain fully the onset conditions for MR in the tail. In this paper, we introduce new onset conditions for forced MR in the tail. We call our scenario the “windsock memory conditioned ram pressure effect.” Our nonflux transfer‐associated forcing is introduced by a combination of the large‐scale windsock motions exhibiting memory effects and solar wind dynamic pressure actions on the nightside magnetopause during northward oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Using global MHD Grand Unified Magnetosphere Ionosphere Coupling Simulation version 4 simulation results, upstream data from Wind, magnetosheath data from Cluster 1 and distant tail data from the two‐probe Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun mission, we show that the simultaneous occurrence of vertical windsock motions of the magnetotail and enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure introduces strong nightside disturbances, including enhanced electric fields and persistent vertical cross‐tail shear flows. These perturbations, associated with a stream interaction region in the solar wind, drive MR in the tail during episodes of northward oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We detect MR indirectly, observing plasmoids in the tail and ground‐based signatures of earthward moving fast flows. We also consider the application to solar system planets and close‐in exoplanets, where the proposed scenario can elucidate some new aspects of solar/stellar wind‐magnetosphere interactions.
Development of a remotely sensing seasonal vegetation‐based Palmer Drought Severity Index and its application of global drought monitoring over 1982–2011
Authors: Yan Hao , Wang Shao‐Qiang , Lu Hou‐Quan , Yu Qin , Zhu Zai‐Chun , Myneni Ranga B. , Liu Qiang , Shugart Herman H.
Published: July 2014

Vegetation effects are currently disregarded in Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and the sensitivity of PDSI to the choice of potential evaporation (EP) parameterization is often a concern. We developed a revised self‐calibrating PDSI model that replaces EP with leaf area index‐based total evapotranspiration (ARTS E0). It also included a simple snowmelt module. Using a unique satellite leaf area index data set and climate data, we calculated and compared ARTS E0, three other types of EP (i.e., Thornthwaite EP_Th, Allen EP_Al, and Penman‐Monteith EP_PM), and corresponding PDSI values (i.e., PDSI_ARTS, PDSI_Th, PDSI_Al, and PDSI_PM) for the period 1982–2011. The results of PDSI_ARTS, PDSI_Al, and PDSI_PM show that global land became wetter mainly due to increased precipitation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effect for the period, which confirms the ongoing intensification of global hydrologic cycle with global temperature increase. However, only PDSI_Th gave a trend of global drying, which confirms that PDSI_Th overestimates the global drying in response to global warming; i.e., PDSI values are sensitive to the parameterizations for Ep. Thus, ARTS E0, EP_Al, and EP_PM are preferred to EP_Th in global drought monitoring. In short, global warming affects global drought condition in two opposite ways. One is to contribute to the increases of EP and hence drought; the other is to increase global precipitation that contributes to global wetting. These results suggest that precipitation trend and its interaction with global warming and ENSO should be given much attention to correctly quantify past and future trends of drought.
Spatial and diurnal below canopy evaporation in a desert vineyard: Measurements and modeling
Authors: Kool D. , Ben‐Gal A. , Agam N. , Šimůnek J. , Heitman J. L. , Sauer T. J. , Lazarovitch N.
Published: July 2014

Evaporation from the soil surface (E) can be a significant source of water loss in arid areas. In sparsely vegetated systems, E is expected to be a function of soil, climate, irrigation regime, precipitation patterns, and plant canopy development and will therefore change dynamically at both daily and seasonal time scales. The objectives of this research were to quantify E in an isolated, drip‐irrigated vineyard in an arid environment and to simulate below canopy E using the HYDRUS (2‐D/3‐D) model. Specific focus was on variations of E both temporally and spatially across the inter‐row. Continuous above canopy measurements, made in a commercial vineyard, included evapotranspiration, solar radiation, air temperature and humidity, and wind speed and direction. Short‐term intensive measurements below the canopy included actual and potential E and solar radiation along transects between adjacent vine‐rows. Potential and actual E below the canopy were highly variable, both diurnally and with distance from the vine‐row, as a result of shading and distinct wetted areas typical to drip irrigation. While the magnitude of actual E was mostly determined by soil water content, diurnal patterns depended strongly on position relative to the vine‐row due to variable shading patterns. HYDRUS (2‐D/3‐D) successfully simulated the magnitude, diurnal patterns, and spatial distribution of E, including expected deviations as a result of variability in soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Adaptive recurrent Chebyshev neural network control for PM synchronous motor servo‐drive electric scooter with V‐belt continuously variable transmission
Authors: Lin Chih‐Hong
Published: July 2014

Because of unknown nonlinearity and time‐varying characteristics of electric scooter with V‐belt continuously variable transmission (CVT) driven by permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM), its accurate dynamic model is difficult to establish for the design of the linear controller in whole system. In order to conquer this difficulty and raise robustness, an adaptive recurrent Chebyshev neural network (NN) control system is proposed to control for PMSM servo‐drive electric scooter with V‐belt CVT under lumped nonlinear external disturbances in this study. The adaptive recurrent Chebyshev NN control system consists of a recurrent Chebyshev NN control and a compensated control with estimation law. In addition, the online parameters tuning methodology of the recurrent Chebyshev NN and the estimation law of the compensated controller can be derived by using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Moreover, the two optimal learning rates of the recurrent Chebyshev NN based on a discrete‐type Lyapunov function are proposed to guarantee the convergence of tracking error. Finally, comparative studies are demonstrated by experimental results in order to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear control for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control directions using less or no parameter estimates
Authors: Zhang Zhengqiang , Shen Hao , Zhou Shigui , Ma Jianping
Published: July 2014

For the parametric strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unknown virtual control coefficients and unknown control directions, the control schemes presented in the existing literature have the disadvantage of overparametrization. In this paper, a novel systematic design procedure is developed to solve the overparametrization problem. Two nonlinear controllers are designed by combining the backstepping technique and the Nussbaum gain approach. A main advantage of the proposed controllers is that they contain less or no parameter estimates that need to be updated online. In the first scheme, the number of the estimated parameters is equal to the dimension of the controlled system. In the second scheme, no parameter estimates are required. In both of the control schemes, the boundedness of all the closed‐loop signal is guaranteed, and the asymptotic convergence of the system states is achieved. An example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cascade Reactions: A Multicomponent Approach to Functionalized Indane Derivatives by a Tandem Palladium‐ Catalyzed Carbamoylation/Carbocylization Process
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Veltri Lucia , Mancuso Raffaella , Carfagna Carla
Published: July 2014

A novel, multicomponent and stereoselective approach to functionalized indane derivatives is reported. It is based on a tandem process consisting of Pd‐catalyzed oxidative carbamoylation of 2‐(2‐ethynylbenzyl)malonates with carbon monoxide, a secondary amine, and oxygen (with formation of a propiolamide intermediate), followed by carbocyclization, occurring through intramolecular addition of an in situ formed carbanion to the propiolamide moiety.

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Ferrocenyl‐Based P,N Catalysts for the Mono‐α‐Arylation of Acetone
Authors: Gäbler Christian , Korb Marcus , Schaarschmidt Dieter , Hildebrandt Alexander , Lang Heinrich
Published: July 2014

The novel air‐stable diferrocenyl‐based P,N ligands PFc2(C6H4‐2‐NMe2) (1) and PFc2(C6H4‐2‐piperidyl) (2) [Fc=Fe(η5‐C5H4)(η5‐C5H5)] for the highly effective palladium‐catalyzed mono‐α‐arylation of acetone are reported. High yields could be obtained for the CC coupling of several chloro‐ and bromoarenes at palladium loadings as low as 0.5 mol% of [Pd(cinnamyl)Cl]2.

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Conversion of Thebaine to Oripavine and Other Useful Intermediates for the Semisynthesis of Opiate‐Derived Agents: Synthesis of Hydromorphone
Authors: Murphy Brennan , Šnajdr Ivan , Machara Aleš , Endoma‐Arias Mary Ann A. , Stamatatos Theocharis C. , Cox D. Phillip , Hudlický Tomáš
Published: July 2014

Thebaine was converted to oripavine in three steps by employing two different modes of protection of the diene moiety; as an iron tricarbonyl complex and as a Diels–Alder adduct with thioformyl cyanide. The two C‐ring‐protected thebaine derivatives were subjected to 3‐O‐demethylation by four different protocols, providing oripavine derivatives, which yielded oripavine after deprotection. Oripavine was then converted to hydromorphone by a three‐step process of ketalization, hydrogenation, and deprotection, without the isolation of intermediates.

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NMR Signatures of the Active Sites in Sn‐β Zeolite
Authors: Wolf Patrick , Valla Maxence , Rossini Aaron J. , Comas‐Vives Aleix , Núñez‐Zarur Francisco , Malaman Bernard , Lesage Anne , Emsley Lyndon , Copéret Christophe , Hermans Ive
Published: July 2014

Dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced NMR (DNP‐SENS), Mössbauer spectroscopy, and computational chemistry were combined to obtain structural information on the active‐site speciation in Sn‐β zeolite. This approach unambiguously shows the presence of framework SnIV‐active sites in an octahedral environment, which probably correspond to so‐called open and closed sites, respectively (namely, tin bound to three or four siloxy groups of the zeolite framework).
Molecular Salt Effects in the Gas Phase: Tuning the Kinetic Basicity of [HCCLiCl]− and [HCCMgCl2]− by LiCl and MgCl2
Authors: Khairallah George N. , da Silva Gabriel , O'Hair Richard A. J.
Published: July 2014

A combination of gas‐phase ion–molecule reaction experiments and theoretical kinetic modeling is used to examine how a salt can influence the kinetic basicity of organometallates reacting with water. [HCCLiCl]− reacts with water more rapidly than [HCCMgCl2]−, consistent with the higher reactivity of organolithium versus organomagnesium reagents. Addition of LiCl to [HCCLiCl]− or [HCCMgCl2]− enhances their reactivity towards water by a factor of about 2, while addition of MgCl2 to [HCCMgCl2]− enhances its reactivity by a factor of about 4. Ab initio calculations coupled with master equation/RRKM theory kinetic modeling show that these reactions proceed via a mechanism involving formation of a water adduct followed by rearrangement, proton transfer, and acetylene elimination as either discrete or concerted steps. Both the energy and entropy requirements for these elementary steps need to be considered in order to explain the observed kinetics.
Tuning Lanthanide Reactivity Towards Small Molecules with Electron‐Rich Siloxide Ligands
Authors: Andrez Julie , Pécaut Jacques , Bayle Pierre‐Alain , Mazzanti Marinella
Published: July 2014

The synthesis, structure, and reactivity of stable homoleptic heterometallic LnL4K2 complexes of divalent lanthanide ions with electron‐rich tris(tert‐butoxy)siloxide ligands are reported. The [Ln(OSi(OtBu)3)4K2] complexes (Ln=Eu, Yb) are stable at room temperature, but they promote the reduction of azobenzene to yield the KPhNNPh radical anion as well as the reductive cleavage of CS2 to yield CS32− as the major product. The EuIII complex of the radical anion PhNNPh is structurally characterized. Moreover, [Yb(OSi(OtBu)3)4K2] can reduce CO2 at room temperature. Release of the reduction products in D2O shows the quantitative formation of both oxalate and carbonate in a 1:2.2 ratio. The bulky siloxide ligands enforce the labile binding of the reduction products providing the opportunity to establish a closed synthetic cycle for the YbII‐mediated CO2 reduction. These studies show that the presence of four electron‐rich siloxide ligands renders their EuII and YbII complexes highly reactive.
Adsorption von I2 durch makrocyclische Polyaza‐Dithiophenolato‐Komplexe unter Bildung von Charge‐Transfer‐Addukten
Authors: Golecki Matthias , Beyer Norman , Steinfeld Gunther , Lozan Vasile , Voitekhovich Sergei , Sehabi Muhamed , Möllmer Jens , Krüger Hans‐Jörg , Kersting Berthold
Published: July 2014

Der makrocyclische Komplex [Ni2(L)(OAc)]ClO4 kann Iod bis zu 270 % seines Eigengewichts gemäß einer Masse von 17 I2‐Molekülen adsorbieren, obwohl seine Struktur keinerlei permanente Porosität aufweist. Schwingungsspektroskopische und kristallographische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass zunächst zwei I2‐Moleküle in Form von Thiophenolat→I2‐CT‐Addukten gebunden werden, welche die weitere Diffusion und sukzessive Sorption anderer I2‐Moleküle zu einem Polyiodid‐artigen Netzwerk ermöglichen. Die effizienten Sorptions‐ und Desorptionseigenschaften machen dieses Material geeignet für den Nachweis, die Speicherung oder die kontrollierte Abgabe von Iod.