bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moral Panic and Electric Micromobilities: Seeking Space for Mobility Justice
Authors: Travers  , Scott N. , Reed K. J. , Hall P. , Winters M. , Kwan G. , Park K.
Published: October 2023

This article makes the case that electric micromobilities (EMMs) are the site of a moral panic and employs the lens of mobility justice to explain it. Through analysis of scholarly and media discourse, interviews with, and social media content produced by, EMM riders (eriders), and the auto ethnographic experiences of the lead author as an electric unicycle rider in daily life, as a participant in online and offline “erider” communities, and as a food delivery worker, we reinforce the conclusion that alternate mobilities face an uphill battle in gaining legitimacy and inclusion in transportation policy and infrastructure. While this is not a new finding—alternate mobilities have a long history of being demonized and excluded—this article offers insight into how individuals who find themselves unwitting scapegoats in conflicts over public space consciously engage in deliberate actions to resist EMM panic and achieve greater mobility justice.
The Daily Patterns of Emergency Medical Events
Authors: Helander Mary E. , Formica Margaret K. , Bergen-Cico Dessa K.
Published: October 2023

This study examines population-level daily patterns of time-stamped emergency medical service (EMS) dispatches to establish their situational predictability. Using visualization, sinusoidal regression, and statistical tests to compare empirical cumulative distributions, we analyzed 311,848,450 emergency medical call records from the US National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) for years 2010 through 2022. The analysis revealed a robust daily pattern in the hourly distribution of distress calls across 33 major categories of medical emergency dispatch types. Sinusoidal regression coefficients for all types were statistically significant, mostly at the p < 0.0001 level. The coefficient of determination [Formula: see text] ranged from 0.84 and 0.99 for all models, with most falling in the 0.94 to 0.99 range. The common sinusoidal pattern, peaking in mid-afternoon, demonstrates that all major categories of medical emergency dispatch types appear to be influenced by an underlying daily rhythm that is aligned with daylight hours and common sleep/wake cycles. A comparison of results with previous landmark studies revealed new and contrasting EMS patterns for several long-established peak occurrence hours—specifically for chest pain, heart problems, stroke, convulsions and seizures, and sudden cardiac arrest/death. Upon closer examination, we also found that heart attacks, diagnosed by paramedics in the field via 12-lead cardiac monitoring, followed the identified common daily pattern of a mid-afternoon peak, departing from prior generally accepted morning tendencies. Extended analysis revealed that the normative pattern prevailed across the NEMSIS data when reorganized to consider monthly, seasonal, daylight-savings versus civil time, and pre-/post-COVID-19 periods. The predictable daily EMS patterns provide impetus for more research that links daily variation with causal risk and protective factors. Our methods are straightforward and presented with detail to provide accessible and replicable implementation for researchers and practitioners.
Socioecologic Factors Associated With Obesity in Adolescents With Epilepsy in the United States
Authors: Buro Acadia W. , Sauls Rachel , Salinas-Miranda Abraham , Kirby Russell S.
Published: October 2023

Background

Obesity among youth with epilepsy has multifactorial etiology, yet socioecologic obesity risk factors (eg, neighborhood factors) have not been examined in this population. This study examined (1) the prevalence of obesity adjusting for relevant covariates and (2) socioecologic correlates of obesity in adolescents with epilepsy aged 10-17 years.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health data (total n = 27,094; epilepsy n = 184). Chi-square tests compared weighted prevalence of obesity with relevant covariates among all adolescents and adolescents with epilepsy. Weighted multiple logistic regression models were conducted to adjust for covariates.

Results

The prevalence of obesity in adolescents with epilepsy was 27.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.4%-40.3%) vs 15.1% (95% CI 14.1%-16.2%) for the non-epilepsy group. Adolescents with epilepsy also had higher odds of obesity after adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, household income, physical activity, and medical home (odds ratio [OR] 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.8). Adjusting for sociodemographics, anxiety (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.3-15.6), 2 or more adverse childhood experiences (OR 7.3, 95% CI 1.6-33.4), neighborhood detracting elements (eg, OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.5-18.5 for 1 detracting element), and forgone care (ie, unmet health care needs) (OR 22.4, 95% CI 3.8-132.8) were associated with obesity in adolescents with epilepsy. Adjusting for multiple comparisons, neighborhood detracting elements ( P < .0001) and forgone care ( P < .0007) remained significant.

Conclusion

Variables related to mental health, family functioning, built environment, and forgone care were associated with obesity in adolescents with epilepsy, but the association was not fully explained by these factors. Obesity interventions for this population should consider multiple levels of influence including the community and special health care needs of this population.
Factors Associated With Post-Extubation Stridor in Infants Intubated in the Pediatric ICU
Authors: Lewis Deirdre , Khalsa Dev Darshan , Cummings Alexandra , Schneider James , Shah Sareen
Published: October 2023

Background

Post-extubation stridor (PES) is a common problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is associated with extubation failure, longer length of stay, and increased mortality. Infants represent a large proportion of PICU admissions and are at higher risk for PES, making identification and mitigation of factors associated with PES important in this age group.

Research Question

What factors are associated with PES in infants (age less than 1 year) intubated in the PICU?

Study Design & Methods

The primary outcome was PES as defined by the need for racemic epinephrine within 6 h of extubation. Secondary outcomes were heliox administration and reintubation. Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test for univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

518 patient charts were retrospectively reviewed. 24.1% of patients developed PES. Duration of mechanical ventilation greater than 48 h was associated with increased risk of PES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.71, P = .01), as was nonelective intubation (OR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.91-4.46, P < .01). The presence of a cuff, gastroesophageal reflux disease, prematurity, and known upper airway abnormality had no association with PES. 4.0 endotracheal tubes (ETTs) had an increased association with PES compared to 3.5 ETTs (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.18-3.27, P < .01). There was no difference in risk of PES between 3.5 and 3.0 ETTs.

Interpretation

In infants intubated in the PICU, mechanical ventilation greater than 48 h and nonelective intubation were associated with PES. 4.0 ETTs were associated with higher risk of PES compared to 3.5 ETTs. These findings may help providers in ETT selection and to identify infants that may be at increased risk of PES.
Biological function of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1 gene (CXCL1) in ovarian malignant tumors
Authors: Li Zhuang , Huang Ning , Zhang Wei , Li Li
Published: October 2023

Objective

To determine the function of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) gene in ovarian cancer cells and to investigate the relationship between CXCL1 gene mRNA expression and ovarian tumor clinical pathology.

Methods

Using bioinformatics methods to identify common differentially expressed genes associated with ovarian cancer in the GEO database. Growth curves of A2780 cells with or without CXCL1 expression were plotted by MTT assay. Cell cycles were measured by flow cytometry. Cell colony formation was enumerated in Transwell chambers. Migration and invasion in vitro were investigated using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), wound healing and Transwell, respectively. The relationship between CXCL1 gene mRNA expression and ovarian tumor clinical pathology was analyzed.

Results

CXCL1 was found to be one of the co-upregulated differentially expressed genes in the GEO database. The migration of A2780 cells expressing CXCL1 was significantly higher than that of A2780 cells without CXCL1 expression. CXCL1 mRNA expression in ovarian malignancy was significantly higher than those in benign lesions and the normal control ( p < .01). In advanced ovarian cancer (Stages III-IV), CXCL1 mRNA expression was also significantly higher than that in patients with early-stage ovarian cancer (Stages I-II) ( p = .005). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed no correlation between CXCL1 mRNA expression and ovarian cancer prognosis. A Cox proportional hazard model also showed that CXCL1 expression was not an independent prognostic factor for ovarian cancer patients.

Conclusions

CXCL1 gene could promotes ovarian cancer A2780 cell proliferation and invasion in vitro, and contributed theoretical knowledge for the target selection in molecular targeted therapy. CXCL1 mRNA over-expression may be correlated with the occurrence and development of ovarian malignancy. Level of plasma CXCL1 might serve as a biomarker for prognosis in ovarian carcinoma patients.
Deradicalization of Repentant Boko Haram Militants: Institutional Dilemma Between the Victims and Villains in Northeast Nigeria
Authors: Sowale Adetayo Olamide , Aduloju Ayodeji Anthony
Published: October 2023

Over the years, Boko Haram has taken the centre stage in Nigeria’s security concern and discourses as it consistently stands out on news headlines. After many years of counterinsurgency, Nigeria’s government realized the imperative of adopting a soft approach alongside military offensives to winning the war against insurgency. One soft approach is the institution of deradicalisation programme. Extant literature on the inadequacies of Nigeria’s deradicalisation plans, and methodologies is yet to be considered from institutional deficiency perspective as the programme is characterized by the difficulty of balancing the treatment of repentant Boko Haram militants and ameliorating the conditions of insurgency victims. Taking a cue from selected countries, the study examines the prospects of Nigeria’s deradicalisation programme. The paper therefore concludes that Nigerian authorities progressively need to set up a well thought-out structure for successful deradicalisation and reintegration of surrendered Boko Haram militants while guaranteeing the safety of victims that would co-exist with the supposed ex-members of Boko Haram sect.
Inequality of Opportunity in Elementary Level School Education: Evidence from India
Authors: Kundu Tista
Published: October 2023

This article, using the National Sample Survey database, explores the unfair schooling access of Indian children over the time period of 2004–2012, where the unfairness is generated from the differences in the respective caste, sex, religion, parental and other family backgrounds of the children that they can not control by themselves. Adopting the philosophical rubric of inequality of opportunity we find inequality of educational opportunity to be impressively low for Indian children while a timely beginning of schooling is considered, but depicts a sharp rise while we consider a timely finishing of elementary school education. We further find parental education, particularly that of mother’s, to be the most important factor behind the resulting inequality of educational opportunity. Although India shows an unambiguous improvement over the aforementioned time span, our results indicate the necessity of refurbishing school education policies with an emphasis on arresting school dropouts for those born to unfavorable circumstances.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) People in Adult Education Journals: A Literature Review 2010–2022
Authors: Baumgartner Lisa M. , Misawa Mitsunori , Peyton Lauren , Schmidt Steven W.
Published: October 2023

This article reviews LGBTQ literature in US-based adult education journals and proceedings. Categories focused on workplace issues, identity, health, learning climate, educational methods, and research. Key themes included (1) harassment, isolation, and discrimination, (2) meaning-making in a heteronormative society, (3) a call for inclusion, and (4) education, training, and inclusive policies and acts. Based on the findings, implications for research and practice will be provided.
Teams in the Digital Workplace: Technology’s Role for Communication, Collaboration, and Performance
Authors: Lane Jacqueline N. , Leonardi Paul M. , Contractor Noshir S. , DeChurch Leslie A.
Published: October 2023

This paper addresses the need for theoretical advancements in understanding team processes and the impact of technology on teams. Specifically, it examines the use of digital collaboration technologies by organizational teams and their effect on team communication and collaboration. Using the concept of affordances as a theoretical lens, the paper explores the potential relationships between technology affordances and essential team processes. It also provides an agenda for future research on social technologies and teams as well as novel methodological approaches for better understanding the ways in which digital technologies are affecting team processes and performance in the workplace.
Are Universal and Guaranteed Basic Income Programs Effective in the United States? A Review
Authors: Okantey Beth
Published: October 2023

Purpose: Poverty continues to be a pervasive social problem within the United States despite a plethora of services and government assistance programs. Currently, universal and guaranteed basic income programs are being actively promoted. Method: This review incorporated universal or guaranteed basic income primary reports open to any country and in English from four academic databases including grey literature between January 1, 2013, and April 8, 2023, using randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental study designs with no specified outcome. Results: Out of an initial 147 articles, four of the primary studies utilized a randomized controlled trial and one used a quasi-experimental design. One study occurred in the United States. Discussion: Despite the increasing implementation of such programs throughout the United States and their associated high cost, evidence is lacking based on their long-term impact and effectiveness. Further study is recommended including stronger evaluations of current and future programs.
An Examination of Cognitive Function Abilties in Bereaved Adults
Authors: Johnson Lee Ann , Melendez Carlos , Burton Reagan , Sheikh Noorjahan , Clarkson Gina
Published: October 2023

Grieving individuals experience changes in cognitive function. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that are associated with a decline in cognitive function in grieving adults. Questionnaires for sleep, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy to manage emotions, and cognitive function were completed. 69% of the grieving adults (N = 134) reported a decline in cognitive function. Anxiety and self-efficacy to manage emotions were associated cognitive function abilities (RMSE = 6.32, AdjRSQ = .32, AIC = 486.12). Bereavement programs may want to consider adding existing interventions, to improve anxiety and self-efficacy to manage emotions.
Reconstructing Stories of Career Adaptability Through the Integrative Structured Interview for Undergraduate University Students
Authors: Robertson Cherena , Abkhezr Peyman
Published: October 2023

Career adaptability (CA) is promoted as a skill to navigate the 21st-century labour market. With an emphasis on narrative career counselling as a more relevant form of practice for supporting the career development of people in such rapidly shifting times, it is important to explore the possibility of facilitating a narrative space through which people can tell and connect with their stories of career adaptability. Various qualitative career assessment instruments promote storytelling facilitation which is a major task of narrative career counselling. The Integrative Structured Interview (ISI) is one such qualitative career assessment instrument that facilitates systemic and context-sensitive career storytelling through the integration of quantitative and qualitative career assessments. This study explores the potential role of the ISI in assisting Australian undergraduate students to tell career stories in which the five dimensions of career adaptability can manifest. A theory-driven deductive thematic analysis based on the five dimensions of career adaptability informed data analysis. Key findings reveal the ISI can assist participants in telling stories of career adaptability. Findings also highlight the ISI’s role in providing participants with a systemic and context-sensitive understanding of their career interests through a systemic deconstruction of their Holland code.
Patterns of Sexual Harassment: An Intersectional Approach to Reported Victimization in a Campus Climate Survey of Students at Irish Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Dawson Kate , Burke Lorraine , Flack, Jr William F. , O’Higgins Siobhán , McIvor Charlotte , MacNeela Pádraig
Published: October 2023

This study explores how identifying with multiple minority groups relates to sexual harassment victimization (SHV) among students in higher education institutions in Ireland ( n = 6,002). Results show that gender nonconforming and female students were more likely than males to experience SHV. Bisexual or queer and gay or lesbian students were more likely than their heterosexual peers to experience SHV. Students with a physical or cognitive disability were more likely to experience SHV than those who reported no disability, and white students were more likely than minority ethnic groups to experience SHV. When controlling for sexual orientation, gender, and disability status, students who identified as both gay and lesbian and reported a cognitive disability were 8.5 times more likely to experience SHV. Victims of SHV reported having lower scores on perceived institutional support items than those who had not experienced SHV.
Chemotherapy regimen for recurrent uterine leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Hu Fang , Ye Yiqing , Begum Hazeera
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Uterine leiomyosarcoma is a rare gynecological malignancy, the limited literature indicated that doxorubicin alone or gemcitabine/docetaxel combination is the preferred chemotherapy regimen. Given the rarity of the disease and the lack of high-level clinical evidence, there is no consensus on the best treatment.

Case report

We report a case of a patient with uterine leiomyosarcoma who recurred after adjustment treatment with doxorubicin, gemcitabine, docetaxel, and anlotinib; and required a new chemotherapy regimen.

Management and outcomes

The follow-up chemotherapy regimen was doxorubicin-liposome 40 mg/m2 on one day in combination with dacarbazine 250 mg/m2 on one to five days of intravenous infusion every 21 days. We monitored adverse effects during chemotherapy and the process was smooth.

Discussion

It is important to comprehensively consider the patient's condition, and fully consider the efficacy, dosage, and adverse reactions of the chemotherapy regimen to determine the appropriate plan, in order to achieve the best therapeutic benefits for patients.
Preclinical In-Vivo Safety and Toxicokinetics of D-PLEX100 in an Abdominal Surgery Incision Model in Juvenile Miniature Swine
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Nyska Abraham , Dvir Meidan , Nedvetzki Shlomo , Rosenfeld Sefi , Emanuel Noam
Published: October 2023

D-PLEX100 (D-PLEX) is a novel product candidate made of a polymer-lipid-based matrix (PLEX platform) which contains doxycycline that is being released at a constant rate for 30 days. D-PLEX was developed to prevent surgical site infections, which are a major global health challenge. Previous studies have shown its safety in adult humans, adult swine, and adult rabbits. The aim of this study was to assess the toxicity and safety of D-PLEX also in juvenile animals to support future clinical trials in pediatric patients. Yucatan miniature swine were selected as a model, primarily due to their relatively larger mass. D-PLEX or placebo (formulation without doxycycline) was administered locally to abdominal incisions, and the animal's safety parameters were followed for 9 months and compared to sham-control swine. There was no evidence of any systemic safety concern or local toxicity at the incision site in D-PLEX-treated animals. D-PLEX was detected after 1 month and was fully resorbed at the 3-month time point. The surgical incision sites were fully healed at the 6-month time point in all D-PLEX-treated animals. Toxicokinetic (TK) assessments revealed that doxycycline exhibited low Cmax and therefore minimal systemic exposure following a single dose of local administration. This study provides evidence for the safety of D-PLEX and PLEX-based formulation in juvenile miniature swine and supports its further testing in clinical pediatric population. In addition, it can be used as a reference for future preclinical studies aiming to evaluate the safety of other PLEX-based product candidates for the pediatric population.
Fatigue, Toll-Like Receptor 4, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Adults With Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A 6-Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Byun Eeeseung , McCurry Susan M. , Kwon Suyoung , Tsai Chi-shan , Jun Jeehye , Bammler Theo K. , Becker Kyra J. , Thompson Hilaire J.
Published: October 2023

Background

Fatigue is prevalent in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) survivors. Biological mechanisms underlying fatigue post-SAH are not clear. Inflammation may contribute to the development of fatigue. This study aimed to examine the associations between inflammatory markers and fatigue during the first 6 months post-SAH. Specific biomarkers examined included both early and concurrent expression of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) messenger RNA (mRNA) and plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin (IL)1β, and IL6.

Methods

We conducted a 6-month longitudinal study with a convenience sample of 43 SAH survivors. We collected blood samples on days 2, 3, and 7 and 2, 3, and 6 months post-SAH to assess biomarkers. Fatigue was assessed by the PROMIS Fatigue Scale at 2, 3, and 6 months. Linear mixed models were used to test the associations between early (days 2, 3, and 7) and concurrent (2, 3, and 6 months) TLR4 mRNA expression (TagMan gene expression assays) and TNF-α, IL1β, and IL6 plasma concentrations (multiplex assays) and concurrent fatigue.

Results

28% of SAH survivors experienced fatigue during the first 6 months post-SAH. Fatigue levels in SAH survivors were higher than those of the U.S. population and consistent during the 6 months. Experience of fatigue during the 6 months post-SAH was associated with higher IL1β plasma concentrations on day 7 and IL1β, IL6, and TNF-α plasma concentrations during the 6 months post-SAH.

Conclusion

Inflammation appears to underlie the development of fatigue in SAH survivors.
The prevalence of autism among children with albinism
Authors: Gunz Stav , Rozen-Knisbacher Irit , Blumenfeld Anat , Hendler Karen , Yahalom Claudia
Published: October 2023

Background

The association between Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and visual impairment has been mentioned in the literature. The aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of autism among children with albinism compared to the prevalence of ASD in children with visual impairment secondary to other causes.

Methods

Retrospective study of children with albinism from January 2015 to December 2020. A control group was created with children with early onset visual impairment of similar visual range and age, secondary to diagnosis other than albinism. Patients with associated Autism were identified in both groups.

Results

Seven hundred and eight children aged 1–18 years with visual impairment were included in the study. 401 children had a diagnosis of albinism, of whom 14 were also diagnosed with ASD. In the control group, composed of 307 patients, only 3 had ASD (p: 0·03).

Conclusions

The prevalence of ASD in patients with albinism was 1 in 28, while in children with visual impairment from other causes was 1 in 102. We aim to raise awareness of the higher prevalence of autism in children diagnosed with albinism in order to reach earlier diagnosis and support.
The increasing complexity of femoral fragility fractures: incidence, fracture patterns and management over a 10-year period
Authors: Gibson Alexandria , Guest Megan , Taylor Trenton , Harrold Fraser , Gwynne Jones David
Published: October 2023

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there have been changes in the numbers and complexity of femoral fragility fractures presenting to our department over a period of 10 years.

Methods:

Patients >60 years presenting with femoral fragility fractures to our institution in 2018–2019 (397 fractures) were compared with respect to demographic data, incidence rates, fracture classification and surgical management with a historical cohort from 2009–2010 (335 fractures). Pathological and high velocity fractures were excluded.

Results:

The gender proportion and average age (83.1 vs. 82.7 years) was unchanged. The number of femoral fractures increased by 19% but the overall incidence in people >60 years fell by 6% ( p  = 0.41). The proportion of unstable trochanteric fractures (31A2 and A3) increased from 22% to 55% ( p  < 0.001). The proportion of displaced intracapsular fractures increased from 53% to 72% ( p  < 0.001). The incidence of stable trochanteric fractures fell from 12.4 to 7.3/10,000 patients>60 years ( p = 0.0006) while the incidence of unstable trochanteric fractures (31A2 and 31A3) increased from 3.5 to 8.9/10,000 patients >60 years ( p < 0.0001). The proportion of trochanteric fractures treated with an intramedullary (IM) nail increased from 9% to 35% ( p = 0.0001). The number of shaft and distal femoral fractures increased by 41% although the incidence did not change significantly. Periprosthetic fractures comprised 70% of femoral shaft fractures in both cohorts.

Conclusions:

The increasing number and complexity of femoral fragility fractures, especially unstable trochanteric fractures and periprosthetic fractures, is likely to have an impact on implant use, theatre time and cost.
Nasal Leishmaniasis Misdiagnosed With Intranasal Polyp in a Patient Candidate for Rhinoplasty
Authors: Zakariaei Zakaria , Fakhar Mahdi , Bari Simin , Derakhshani Majid , Banimostafavi Elham Sadat , Soleymani Mostafa
Published: October 2023

Mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) is a chronic and rare form of leishmaniasis that causes malignant lesions in the mucosa of the nasal, pharyngeal, and laryngeal regions. We describe a 29-year-old woman who had been suffering from an intranasal polyp for 3 years. The polyp recurred annually after surgical removal, and was diagnosed as nasal leishmaniasis.
Labours of division: Legitimacy, membership and the performance of business knowledge
Authors: Knox Hannah , O’Doherty Damian , Vurdubakis Theo , Westrup Chris
Published: October 2023

The idea(l) of ‘legitimate peripheral participation’ remains at the heart of debates over the nature and potential of communities of practice. Yet the question of how the legitimacy or otherwise of participation is actually established is seldom addressed. In this article, we focus on ‘legitimacy’ as figure instead of ground. We attend to the ‘displays of competence’, and their associated ‘labours of division’, by means of which ‘practitioners’ claim recognition and are made recognisable to each other as members, or non-members, of an ‘us’. We seek to understand how members come to recognise particular ‘doings’ and forms of knowledge as belonging (or not belonging) to a particular practice. How is the common ‘domain’ (communis) of practice settled (or un-settled) in the course of specific performances of membership? Empirically, the article draws upon a 2-year investigation of how community of practice boundaries and participation were negotiated in ‘UltraGlass Plc’, a multinational manufacturing company, and specifically of the failure of ‘community’ to cohere around practices.
To connect or not connect: long-term adoption of video consultations, and reasons for discontinuing use
Authors: Muli Irene , Hvitfeldt Helena , Cajander Åsa , Jäderlund Hagstedt Lovisa , Davoody Nadia , Taloyan Marina , Hägglund Maria
Published: October 2023

Introduction

This study investigates factors related to long-term and short-term adoption of video consultations (VCs) and reasons for discontinuing use among primary care patients.

Methods

A sample of primary care patients using VCs with healthcare providers were invited to take a survey in a cross-sectional study. Participants were asked about their intention to continue to have video consultations in the future, and those indicating no intention to use VCs in the future (short-term adopters) were asked about their reasons for this. Prevalence and statistical differences between long-term and short-term adopters were investigated.

Results

There were several statistically significant differences between long-term and short-term adopters (76% vs. 24%). Long-term adopters consisted of more middle-aged individuals (35–54 years) and the majority worked full-time (56%). They had more positive opinions of VCs and used VCs and video meetings for other purposes to a larger extent. They chose VCs because of the lack of time to go to the healthcare centre and because their provider offered them. The most common reason for discontinuing use was a preference for face-to-face consultations, with the youngest age group (16–34 years) reporting this to a larger extent.

Discussion

Younger and older age groups may be less likely to continue the use of VCs, potentially preserving the digital divide. Additionally, disparities in using similar technologies might contribute to the digital divide. Moreover, convenience, positive opinions of VCs, and experience with VCs were related to long-term adoption. Further studies are needed to explore non-use, age’s influence, and address usability issues.
The Vacillating Imagination of ‘Us' in Black Panther (2018)
Authors: Song Dongwook
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the cultural politics of the vacillating imagination of “us” represented in Black Panther, released in 2018. This popular cultural text centralizes Blackness in that it refers to instances of Black oppression in the early 1990s. Amid the contradiction between the film's Black-centered content and the form of the Hollywood superhero genre, the imagination of “us” in the film expands and shrinks. Drawing on concepts developed by Fredric Jameson and Étienne Balibar, including imaginary resolution, utopian potential, ideological containment, and equaliberty, this article critically examines the ideologies in the text. When it comes to the expansion of “us,” the article explores the utopian potential in the representation of the radical villain. In terms of the shrinkage of “us,” it investigates the function of ideological containment in the Hollywood superhero movie by focusing on the representation of the hero, and the portrait of South Korea as a spectacular background.
Fatigue analysis of orthotropic steel-ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) composite deck considering accelerated deterioration and self-healing of fractured ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete in surface water condition
Authors: Ma Chi Hieu , Deng Pengru , Matsumoto Takashi
Published: October 2023

In this study, an orthotropic steel bridge deck overlaid with ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) is investigated using the finite element analysis. The composite bridge deck which is undergone moving-wheel load is examined under environmental surface water conditions. Two phases, i.e., Phases 1 and 2, are considered for the material model of the UHPFRC with stagnant water. In Phase 1, mechanical recoveries of the tensile strength and reloading stiffness are considered for the cracked UHPFRC caused by the autogenous self-healing behavior. In Phase 2, under the moving-wheel load, the crack bridging stress degradation in reinforced overlayer accelerates due to the closing–opening actions of surface cracks in water. In both phases, the deformation behaviors of the steel deck plate and UHPFRC overlayer are numerically examined. The results of the current numerical model agree with the experimental data in terms of the strain tendency, wherein the strain range of the steel deck plate and UHPFRC overlayer decreases in Phase 1 and progressively increases in Phase 2. Therefore, it can be asserted that, under the surface water condition, scenarios considering two phases of the material model of cracked UHPFRC, have governed the strain behaviors of the tested composite bridge deck.
Cumulative risk factors for injuries and poisoning requiring hospital care in youth with prenatal substance exposure: A longitudinal controlled cohort study
Authors: Koponen Anne M. , Gissler Mika , Nissinen Niina-Maria , Autti-Rämö Ilona , Kahila Hanna , Sarkola Taisto
Published: October 2023

Aim: To investigate whether the youth with prenatal substance exposure (PSE) (aged 15–24 years, n = 615) had been in hospital care more often due to injuries and poisoning in comparison with unexposed matched controls ( n = 1787). Methods: Data from medical records (exposure) and national health and social welfare registers (outcome and confounders) were combined and youths were monitored from birth until either outpatient or inpatient hospital care for injury or poisoning, death or the end of the study period (December 2016). Cox regression models were used in the analyses accounting for associated child and maternal risk factors. Results: Half (50.4%) of the exposed group and 40.6% of controls had been in hospital care due to injury or poisoning during the follow-up ( p < 0.001). The difference between groups was diminished after controlling for postnatal child and maternal risk factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–1.07, p > 0.05). Cumulative adversity, especially out-of-home care in combination with a diagnosed attention or behavioural dysregulation problem, posed the highest risk in both groups (exposed: HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.24–2.19, p < 0.001; controls: HR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.33–2.56, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Hospital care for injury and poisoning is more common in youth with PSE, but this is largely explained by the related postnatal child and maternal factors. Long-term support to families with maternal substance abuse problems could prevent injury and poisoning among youth with PSE.
P-splines and GAMLSS: a powerful combination, with an application to zero-adjusted distributions
Authors: Stasinopoulos Dimitrios M. , Rigby Robert A. , Heller Gillian Z. , De Bastiani Fernanda
Published: October 2023

P-splines are a versatile statistical modelling tool, dealing with nonlinear relationships between the response and explanatory variable(s). GAMLSS is a distributional regression framework which allows modelling of a response variable using any parametric distribution. The combination of the two methodologies provides one of the most powerful tools in modern regression analysis. This article discusses the application of the two techniques when the response variable is zero-adjusted (or semi-continuous), which combines a point probability at zero with a positive continuous distribution.
Modeling, design, and optimization of a dielectric elastomer acoustic liner
Authors: Solano Chelsea , Cattafesta Louis
Published: October 2023

The modeling, design, and optimization of an embedded dielectric elastomer (DE) membrane acoustic liner is considered. The acoustic impedance of the liner is modified when the DE is subjected to voltage, resulting in a reduction of the in-plane stress. A lumped element model of an embedded dielectric elastomer acoustic liner is derived and validated in a normal incidence impedance tube and is subsequently used to optimize its performance. The optimization cost functions include (1) maximization of the average absorption coefficient over a targeted frequency range, 400 – 1600 Hz and (2) maximization of the change in the liner fundamental resonance frequency when the membrane is activated. Good agreement between measured and predicted absorption is observed. Tuning of the resonant frequency requires a numerical solution for resonance using the imaginary part of the impedance, since a simple analytical expression for resonance cannot be derived due to the complex coupling between the acoustics of the liner and the electro-mechanics of the DE membrane. Nonetheless, resonant frequency shifts predicted with the lumped element model compare favorably to those measured with the activated liner sample, with a shift of 213 Hz.
Constitutional values & political trust: Foundations for student democratic participation
Authors: Ilišin Vlasta , Baketa Nikola
Published: October 2023

The paper is based on the concept of political culture, which is particularly important for the maintenance and functioning of a democratic political system and is closely linked with the politicl literacy of young people. In this paper research focus is on the two dimensions of political culture – political values and trust. Specifically, the main research question is: what are the determinants of accepting constitutional values and the trust in political institutions of final year secondary school pupils? The paper use the data provided by research on political literacy of final year secondary school pupils. In order to provide answer to the research question the hierarchical multiple regression is used. In the first step, particular socio-demographic variables (sex, education of mother and education of father) were introduced. In the second step, the type of secondary school education was added. The third group of predictors encompassed the level of religiosity, generalized prejudices and authoritarianism. In the final step political knowledge was included. The introduced model provides certain explanation regarding constitutional values, but fails to explain distrust in political institutions. The phenomenon of low trust in political institutions is discussed in paper.
From “Queer Guy” to “Queer Dancer”: A Surrealistic Performative of Identity
Authors: Perzycka-Borowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2023

The performative autoethnography technique transcends conventional storytelling, aiming to dismantle prejudices and evoke empathy, also the context of Polish society. The performative nature of the narrative is manifested through the metaphor of a queer dancer’s surreal, waltz, articulating the dreams of those embracing their authentic identities inspiration from “There Was a Queer Guy.” Consequently, this poem does not merely exist as a literary piece but serves as a proactive instrument for social activism, calling for understanding and acceptance. The narrative seeks to harness collective strength to prevent the tragic loss of more queer youth to societal pressures and prejudices.
CCK2-receptor deficiency impairs immune balance by influencing CD4+ T cells development by inhibiting cortical-thymic-epithelial-cells
Authors: Zhang Dong , Jia Miaomiao , Wang Chuan , Li Yingmin , Ma Chunling , Zhu Guiyun , Ma Rufei , Wen Di , Jia Xianxian , Xu Guangming , Zhang Xiaojing , Cong Bin
Published: October 2023

Immune balance is crucial for an organism’s survival and is inseparable from the regulation of the nervous system. Accumulating evidence indicates that cholecystokinin (CCK) plays an important role in mediating the immune response through the activation of cholecystokinin receptors (CCKRs). However, it remains unclear whether CCKRs deficiency may impair immune balance. Here, we showed that CCK2R-deficient adult mice were immunocompromised and had an increased risk of shock and even death in an endotoxemia (ETM)/endotoxin shock (ES) model. In addition, in both adult and juvenile mice, CCK2R deficiency not only influenced the development of CD4 single-positive (SP) thymocytes in thymic positive selection but also decreased the population of CD3+ CD4+ T cells in the spleen. More importantly, CCK2R deficiency inhibited the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) and CD83 on cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) in juvenile and adult mice. Overall, our study suggests that CCK2R is essential for maintaining CD4+ T cell development in the thymus and reveals that CCK2R plays an important role in maintaining immune balance.
Methodological Approaches to Obtaining Informed Consent when Conducting Research With Individuals With Deafblindness
Authors: Wittich Walter , Boie Norman Robert , Jaiswal Atul
Published: October 2023

Informed consent is essential in research involving people with disabilities to protect their rights and ensure ethical conduct. Individuals with communicative vulnerability, such as those living with deafblindness, face difficulties when the research process is not accessible. Our team has developed methodological expertise where this vulnerable population is concerned. To formalize recommendations that can improve their inclusion, we utilized an observational, retrospective design to address three questions: What are procedures that facilitate recruitment in a lab specializing on working with individuals living with deafblindness? What are optimal procedural adaptations to obtaining informed consent? and What training can best prepare researchers working with individuals living with deafblindness? First, we conducted a textual narrative synthesis of our eight most recent protocols and procedures that required in-person interaction with adults living with deafblindness. Second, we conducted semi-structured discussions among our team members, and third, we engaged in a validation procedure of the synthesized recommendations with our external partners. Procedural adaptations require flexibility in all aspects of recruitment and consent to accommodate communication needs. These include additional time, and accessible formats. Adaptations should consider vision (e.g., large-print, braille) and hearing (e.g., sign language, communication strategies) as well as aspects unique to deafblindness (e.g., intervener support, tactile communication). Consent can be documented in hand-written, electronic, audio or video-recorded format, and may be facilitated by third parties. Team training should include proficiency in plain language, basic knowledge about deafblindness, and awareness of accessibility features for mainstream devices. We present simple steps that can improve inclusion and increase accessibility for participants living with deafblindness, and that can improve the capacity of the research team by developing flexibility, patience, respect, and trust. This information can further inform institutional ethics review boards that are unfamiliar with the logistics of obtaining informed consent when working with participants living with deafblindness.
Effect of insert plate on the inlet pressure distortion of the aero-engine
Authors: He Chenxin , Liu Zuohong , Wang Zhongyi , Gao Lei , Xu Guanglei
Published: October 2023

The shape of the inlet duct and other factors cause distortion of the total pressure, leading to a decrease in engine stability. This article inserts flat plate into the inlet port of a certain type of aviation turbojet engine to conduct an inlet distortion test on the entire engine. The characteristics of entire flow field after inserting the board are obtained through experiments and numerical simulations, and it is concluded that the depth of the board is positively correlated with the reflux area and total pressure loss. The area of the insertion plate increase leads to an increase in the distortion index, and a decrease in engine flow rate. Meanwhile, angle plate device is designed to simulate inlet distortion caused by elevation takeoff. Summarize the relationship between the depth of the insertion plate and the intake distortion, a comprehensive distortion index simulation formula is fitted. The distortion simulation device designed by combining prediction formulas can achieve continuous adjustment of comprehensive distortion index 2%–13%, meeting the distortion index requirements for aircraft engine anti distortion testing. This device can replace complex intake systems to save test costs and cycles, and quickly and effectively carry out aircraft engine related distortion testing.
The effect of the Uznadze illusion is temporally dynamic in closed-loop but temporally constant in open-loop grasping
Authors: Uccelli Stefano , Bruno Nicola
Published: October 2023

Although it is known that the availability of visual feedback modulates grasping kinematics, it is unclear whether this extends to both the early and late stages of the movement. We tackled this issue by exposing participants to the Uznadze illusion (a medium stimulus appears larger or smaller after exposure to smaller or larger inducers). After seeing smaller or larger discs, participants grasped a medium disc with (closed-loop [CL]) or without (open-loop [OL]) visual feedback. Our main aim was to assess whether the time course of the illusion from the movement onset up to the grasp differed between OL and CL. Moreover, we compared OL and CL illusory effects on maximum grip aperture (MGA) and tested whether preparation time, movement time, and time to MGA predicted illusion magnitude. Results revealed that CL illusory effects decreased over movement time, whereas OL ones remained constant. At the time of MGA, OL, and CL effects were, however, of similar size. Although OL grasps were longer to prepare and showed earlier and larger MGAs, such differences had little impact on modulating the illusion. These results suggest that the early stage of grasping is sensitive to the Uznadze illusion both under CL and OL conditions, whereas the late phase is sensitive to it only under OL conditions. We discuss these findings within the framework of theoretical models on the functional properties of the dorsal stream for visually guided actions.