bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN TEMPURUNG KELAPA DAN ECENG GONDOK SERTA VARIASI UKURAN PARTIKEL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET
Authors: Iriany  , Firman Abednego Sarwedi Sibarani  , Meliza
Published: October 2019

This research used raw material water hyacinth and coconut shell. The purpose of this research is to get briquettes with high heating value and to obtain briquettes with good quality. Comparison of the base material mixed water  hyacinth and coconut shell in this research is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 with variations in particle size of 10 mesh, 42 mesh and 60 mesh, and using an adhesive tapioca 10% from the weight of raw material. The results of measurement in this research was compared to the quality parameters  such as SNI, Japan standard, British, and America. The survey results revealed that the ideal composition made from a mixture of water hyacinth and coconut shell is briquette in comparison 1:4 with particle size 60 mesh and have the highest of heating value is 6.851,3311 cal/g, the lowest ash content is 8,1918%, the lowest of moisture content is 1,0140%,  levels of substance evaporates is 13,7890%, the value of density is 0.9836 g/cm3, the firing rate is 2,9x10 -3 g/sec and the compressive strength is 11,3234 kg/cm2. The results are in accordance to SNI, Japan standard, British, and America, while the compression pressure of briquette only accordance to British standard.
PENGARUH UKURAN PARTIKEL, WAKTU DAN SUHU PADA EKSTRAKSI FENOL DARI LENGKUAS MERAH
Authors: Rondang Tambun  , Harry P. Limbong  , Christika Pinem  , Ester Manurung
Published: October 2019

Galangal is one of spices containing phenol. This study aims to product phenol in a liquid phase from galangal. The variations performed in this study involve the time of extraction (3 hours, 6 hours, 9 hours), temperature (30 oC, 45 oC, 60 oC) and particle size of raw material (70 mesh, 100 mesh, 140 mesh). One of the analysis in this study is the yield of phenol. The highest phenol in this study is about 4,5%. This result is obtained using 140 mesh of tray at 60°C of temperature and 9 hours of extraction time.
PEMBUATAN BIOSORBEN DARI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) UNTUK PENYERAPAN ZAT WARNA
Authors: Siswarni MZ  , Lara Indra Ranita  , Dandri Safitri
Published: October 2019

Biosorbent is a material that has a pore - pore lot, where the adsorption process can take place on the pore walls or occur in certain regions of the particles. Preparation from papaya seeds biosorbent using H2SO4 as an activator, and then used as a textile dye absorption, namely methyl orange, methyl violet and methyl red. This study aims to determine the optimum conditions in the manufacturing biosorbent from papaya seeds. Analysis is iodine number, surface area, and test the ability of sarap to dyes (methyl orange, methyl violet and methyl red). In the manufacture biosorbent of this papaya seeds, the method used is chemical activation process. This study uses papaya seeds as raw material and sulfuric acid as an activator. The concentration of sulfuric acid used 5%, 7%, 10% and the drying time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. Biosorbent mass of 0.5 g (2.5% of 20 ml), 1.0 g (5% of 20 ml) and 1.5 g (7.5% of 20 ml) with adsorption time of 20 minutes, 30 minutes, and 40 minutes for the absorption of the dye. The results showed the highest iodine gained 482.22 mg / g on the drying time of 120 minutes and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10% and the highest surface area was obtained 33.43556 m2 / g on the drying time of 120 minutes and a sulfuric acid concentration of 10%. The analysis results of the adsorption capacity for methyl violet dye that is 9.547 mg / g on biosorbent mass of 1.0 g and the adsorption time of 40 minutes..
PENGARUH SUHU, WAKTU, DAN KADAR AIR PADA PIROLISIS PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Frist Silia  , Seri Maulina
Published: October 2019

Palm plantations in Indonesia began to grow rapidly since the early 80s. The area of ​​Indonesia's oil palm in 2013 was 10.4 million ha and increased 4.69% annually.  The production of palm midrib was about 22 midribs per tree per year with the weight of midrib meat ranging from 2.2 kg. The palm midrib is composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which can be used as liquid smoke. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of temperature and time of pyrolysis on the yield and quality of liquid smoke produced. The pyrolysis process of fractured palm was performed at 150 ºC, 200 ºC, and 250 ºC for 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes. The results indicated that the yield of liquid smoke tends to decrease with increasing pyrolysis temperature, and tends to increase with increasing pyrolysis time in which the difficult condensed gas production increases with increasing temperature and time of pyrolysis. The highest yield of liquid smoke pyrolysis temperature of 150 OC with pyrolysis time 120 minutes that is equal to 43.47%. In this study, obtained the best results for a pH value of 3.1 is done at process temperatures of 250 ° C with processing time 60 minutes
OPTIMASI SINTESIS BIOSURFAKTAN LAURIL AMIDA DARI ASAM LAURAT DAN DIETANOLAMINA MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT HEXANE DAN ENZIM LIPASE TERIMOBILISASI
Authors: Denny Samuel Silaen  , Tjahjono Herawan  , Zuhrina Masyithah  , Hiskia Arapenta Ginting
Published: October 2019

Lauril amide is one of nonionic surfactant and has potency to become an ecofriendly surfactant. The main problem on lauril amide synthesis is the low conversion of lauric acid. Optimation of lauril amide synthesis is done with three variabels which give influence of amidation reaction. One stage amidation was done by reacting lauric acid with diethanolamine using catalyst Novozyme 435® with substrate ratio lauric acid:diethanolamine 1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 4:1; 5:1, amount of catalyst 1,8; 4; 7; 10; 11,8% from lauric acid total amount, solvent ratio 0; 1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 4:1 from lauric acid total amount and reacted for 24 hours with temperature reaction 55oC and 500 rpm. Product is separated from catalyst using filtration method and then purified by washing with acetone and heated at temperature of 90 oC to remove solvent. Product has been analyzed with acid value to obtained percent conversion of lauril amide, determine of Hydrophilic Liphophilic Balance value, spectroscopy Fourier Transform Infrared and determine of critical micelle concentrasion. Percent conversion optimum has obtained 86,16% at condition substrate ratio 1:1, enzyme concentration Novozyme 435® 7% and solvent ratio 2:1. Analysis result of lauril amide surfactant gave the hidrophile liphophile balance value about 11,93, it means that lauril amide surfactant can be used as emultion oil in water.
PENGARUH MASSA KATALIS DAN WAKTU REAKSI PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH MINYAK JELANTAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS HETEROGEN K2O DARI LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO
Authors: Jefry R Turnip  , Trio F. L. Tarigan  , Mersi Suriani Sinaga
Published: October 2019

Waste cooking oil is a waste oil that comes from many types of cooking oils such as corn oil, vegetable oil, ect. The purpose of this research is to waste cooking oil as a raw material to form biodiesel with K2O as the solid catalyst from cocoa pod ash (CPA) which is calcined on temperature 650 oC within 4 hours. This oil contains a high level of Free Fatty Acid (FFA) that is 3.13%. Therefore, pretreatment should be done by using activated carbon (1% w/w) to reduce levels of FFA. The research will be observed the effect of reaction time and the mass of catalyst. The characteristics of biodiesel is analyzed according to the levels of methyl ester in biodiesel, density, and viscosity based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The best conditions of biodiesel are obtained with the amount of catalyst is 6% (w/w) that is calcined at 650 °C, reaction time 180 minutes, ratio mol of alcohol : oil is 12: 1, and 65 oC reaction of temperature, resulting the purity and yield of biodiesel is 99,8% and 92,68%. The results of this research indicates that the use of waste cooking as a raw material is suitable in the manufacture of biodiesel.
The Effect of Human Capital on Workers' Income in Western and Eastern Regions of Indonesia
Authors: Fahmy Rahmi , Bachtiar Nasri , Sari Delfia Tanjung , Permana Fajar Wisga
Published: October 2019

This study examines the effect of human capital (HC) on three median (quintile) income, namely the low median income category (Q1 = 0.25), middle median income (Q2 = 0.5) and high median income (Q3 = 0, 75). for Indonesian workers in the west and east regions. Total respondents for this study were 51,210 workers, consisting of employers, workers and casual workers. All respondent data were recorded in the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS) in 2016. The HC variables in this study were years of schooling, certified training, length of work and age. This study also discusses the interaction effect between (1) vocational education background and length of study, (2) participation in certified training and length of study (3) experience and participation in certified training. This study applies the Mincer model with quantitative regression analysis to break the effect of HC at a certain level of income. The results showed that the length of study had a positive and significant effect on the income of workers in both regions, especially for western Indonesia who graduated or continued their education at vocational schools. Meanwhile, workers in the eastern region who participated in certified training had a more significant influence on their income. It was also found that lower length of work reduced the effect of training participation especially for eastern workers. It is interesting that these results can be fully observed for workers with lower incomes. Therefore, the specific implications of this research must be developed, especially programs for vocational education and legal protection of workers’ careers to maintain optimal labor market outcomes in Indonesia.
Epizootological features of cattle leptospirosis in the Vinnitsa region of Ukraine
Authors: Yarchuk B. , Bilyk S. , Tyrsin R. , Dovgal O. , Shulga P. , Tyrsina Y. , Tsarenko T. , Kornienko L. , Ukhovskyi V.
Published: October 2019

Leptospirosis is a common worldwide zoonotic infection, is an important livestock problem throughout Ukraine. The peculiarities of leptospirosis are the presence of more than 250 serological groups of the pathogen, which significantly influences the choice of strategy for prevention and control of this disease. The article presents data on the epizootic situation, the epizootological features of leptospirosis and the etiological structure of leptospiras in cattle in Vinnitsa region (1994-2015) and, in particular, in the farms of the Khmelnitsky district (2006-2012). The epizootic situation with leptospirosis of cattle in Vinnitsa region and the farms of Khmelnytsky district is characterized by certain fluctuations in the number of infections points and sick animals, with relative stability. Tottaly 247 cattle farms infections of leptospirosis were identified in the region during 21 years. The materials for the research were the data of veterinary records and reports of farms and state veterinary medicine establishments of Vinnitsa region, the results of laboratory tests of blood serum from cattle from suspicious farms, the results of the analysis of health and preventive measures in suspicious farms. The main leptospira serogroups that affect cattle in Vinnytsa region and directly in the Khmelnitsky region were Hebdomadis, Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Grippotyphosa, Pomona, registered from 43 to 86.3% of mixed reactions. In Khmelnytsky district in 2006-2012, 7 infected farms were registered, 739 animals got sick. It was established that the epizootic situation in the farms depended on the observance of preventive and sanitary measures and the timely introduction of recovery plans. It has been proved that the integrated use of veterinary, sanitary and economic measures is an effective means of eliminating and preventing cattle leptospirosis in livestock farms. The complex of measures should include timely serological analisis of cattle on leptospirosis, adherence to quarantine during importation of animals to the herd, sanitary and preventive measures of exploitation of animals, vaccination of cattle against leptospirosis, taking into account the etiological structure of the disease. Key words: leptospira, leptospirosis, cattle, microscopic agglutination test (MAT), leptospira serological groups, epizootic situation.
Comparative effectiveness of complex treatment schemes for rabbits with pasalurosis and psoroptosis
Authors: Feshchenko D. , ZGHOZINSKA O. , Dubova O. , Bakhur T. , Goncharenko V. , Stoliarova Yu.
Published: October 2019

Psoroptosis and pasalurosis in rabbits for their maintenance in unsanitary conditions often becomes massive. To increase the effectiveness of treatment of rabbits it is expedient to use combined drugs based on active substances with different mechanisms of action on parasites. Rabbits of the first experimental group applied spray treatment with acaricidal properties of kerosene + glycerol (1:1) three times with an interval of 5 days. Spraying the inner surface of the ears was carried out after mechanical cleaning with gauze swabs soaked in iodine solution + glycerin (1:4). To destroy the helminths, brovadasol plus (5 g/10 kg body weight), orally with food, was administered once. For animals of the second experimental group, the "brovermectin 2%" helminthoacaricide was chosen, it was orally administered at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg body weight, divided into 5 days of regular use. Mechanical treatment of ear with chlorhexidine bigluconate was carried out analogously to rabbits of the first group twice a day for 10 days. On the day of treatment with the rabbits in the second group, Dexacel 0.2 % (KELAN.V., Belgium) was injected intramuscularly with a dose of 0.1/1 kg of body weight, in order to improve the general animal's stanchion. For combined infestations (scabies and nematodes) it is advisable to use preparations based on ivermectin (in our study, "Brovermectin 2%" at a dose of 1 ml/50 kg, which was divided into 5 parts and daily diluted one part in 1/2 of the daily water) In the case of the need to treat only psoroptosis, one can use a kerosene solution in glycerol (1:1) in the form of a spray. A prerequisite for the effective treatment of psoropathy is the regular mechanical cleaning of the affected ears from the purulent parasitic exudate or iodine solution + glycerol (1:4) or Chlorhexidine bigluconate 0,05%. It is appropriate to use "Dexacel 02" (one time, non-inflammatory y dose of 0.1/1 kg body weight) in order to improve the general animal's condition. The use of "Brovadazole plus" (once, with food, at a dose of 5 g/10 kg body weight) did not ensure 100% destruction of Passalurus ambiquus, but due to the short carencia period (only 7 days), if necessary, can be applied to fattening rabbits in the last 2 weeks before slaughter. In contrast to the period of carencia, "Brovermectin 2%" is at least 24 days. Key words: rabbit, psoroptosis, pasalurosis, brovermectin, acaricidal efficacy, Dexacel 02.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT REGIMEN USING SODIUM THIOSULFATE WITH GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES IN CALVES WITH INTOXICATION SYNDROME
Authors: Belko A. , Matsinovich M. , Petrov V. , Matsinovich A.
Published: October 2019

The aim of the research was to study the dependence of the severity on the degree of endogenous intoxication and the effectiveness of complex treatment of calves using sodium thiosulfate-based drugs for gastrointestinal diseases. Studies were carried out under production conditions in cattle farms of the Vitebsk, Liozno and Gorodok districts. As preparations based on sodium thiosulfate, the veterinary drug "Averon" produced by LLC Belekotekhnika RB and the veterinary preparation Antitox manufactured by ImmCont GmbH, Germany, were used. These drugs as an antitoxic agent, were administered once a day, intravenously, slowly at a dose of 25 ml, until the clinical signs of the disease disappeared in addition to the basic treatment taken in the farms with gastrointestinal diseases.
The data obtained as a result of the analysis of the literature and the conduct of our own research showed that in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases of the calves, the link to the pathogenesis, which significantly determines the severity of their course and prognosis, is endogenous intoxication. It was found that in patients with calves, the MW content was higher at the height of the disease – 1.75–2 times with moderate severity and 1.94 and 2.47 times with severe. Laboratory criteria were established for predicting the severity of dyspepsia and abomasoenteritis in calves of 14 to 30 days of age. So, at a level higher than 0,120 conv. units in 100% of such calves, dyspepsia or gastroenteritis proceeded in a severe (toxic) form. The significant direct correlations between the concentration of MWS and LPO products (r ≥ 0.650) revealed at the height of the disease indicate the significance of LPO as a source in the development of endotoxication in gastrointestinal diseases in calves. It has been established that the use of drugs with antitoxic action based on sodium thiosulphate in the complex therapy of calves of patients with dyspepsia and abomasoenteritis can reduce the severity and lethality of calves with dyspepsia by 5% to 10%.
Key words: calves, blood, endogenous intoxication, abomazoenteritis, dyspepsia, therapeutic efficacy, treatment.
The Correlation Between Listening Habit to English Song and Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: . Wardiansyah , S. Barnabas , . Elfrida
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThe aims of this research were to find out the correlation between students’ listening habit to English song and their vocabulary mastery. This research applied correlational study which was used quantitative design. The subjects were 60 students of Third Grade Students of SMPN 06 Kota Bengkulu. The data were collected from two instruments: (1) questionnaire was used to get data about students’ listening habit to English song and (2) VLT test was used to get data about students’ vocabulary mastery. The result of calculation was using Pearson Product moment formula process by SPSS IBM Statistic Version 20 Program, which showed the score of  rxy bigger than the score of r table (0,835 > 0,254). It means that Ha was accepted and H0 was rejected. In conclusions, there is a positive and significant correlation between listening habit to English song and vocabulary mastery of third grade students of SMPN 06 Kota Bengkulu.
Investigating Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Writing Skill (A Case Study at the Eleventh Grade of a Senior High School in Banjar)
Authors: Sopiani Pian Suci , Said Iskhak , . Ratnawati
Published: October 2019

This study deals with the students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in writing skill. This case study was aimed at figuring out the students use HOTS in writing, figuring out the kinds of the students’ HOTS in writing will be evident in writing, and figuring out the students’ responses on using HOTS in writing. The subject of this study was 21 students at the eleventh grade of a Senior High School in Banjar. Two research instruments used were the essay written test and the questionnaire. To assess the research instruments, the writer combined and synchronized the results by using triangulation analysis as adapted from Fraenkel et al. (2012, p. 559). The findings showed that Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) were used by the students in learning writing. The findings also showed that the kinds of the students’ HOTS were evident that they improved their writing without any treatment. The findings also showed that there were some benefits of using HOTS in writing according to the students’ responses.
Whatsapp Voice Note in Speaking Class
Authors: Nurazizah Hega , Friatin Lilies Youlia , Sugiarto Bambang Ruby
Published: October 2019

This study deals with the use of WhatsApp voice note in speaking class. This study aimed at figuring out the teacher’s way in implementing WhatsApp voice note in teaching speaking on narrative text and investigating the perspective on WhatsApp voice note to improve speaking skill on narrative text. In conducting this study, the researcher used qualitative approach. Case study was applied as a research design in this study. This study involved 35 students of the tenth grade (X MIPA 1) and one English teacher. Instruments used in this study were classroom observation, interview, and questionnaire. The results of this study showed that nine steps were used by the teacher in the teaching and learning process through WhatsApp voice note in speaking class on narrative text. Meanwhile, most of the students gave their positive response toward the teaching and learning process. The teacher argued that WhatsApp voice note is a useful tool to provide the students opportunities to speak especially on narrative text and the students can share information easily. It also allows the students asking for help using English. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that learning to speak English using WhatsApp voice note is an attractive learning activity, positive activity, and WhatsApp voice note is easy to use. Finally, this study suggests other researchers to involve the objective data, to enrich the instrumentation, to add more sample of the study and to employ other methods and design in order to enrich the data.
A Correlation between Students’ Anxiety Levels and Oral Presentation Performance in EFL Speaking Class
Authors: Amini Aisyah , . Elfrida , . Kasmaini
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to find out whether there is a correlation between students’ anxiety level and oral presentation’s performance in EFL speaking class. The population of this research was the 4th semester students in English Education Study Program of Bengkulu University class A, B and C with 51 students randomly chosen as the sample. The design of this research was descriptive quantitative with questionnaire and presentation test as the instruments. The questionnaire of this research was FLCAS (Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scales) by Horwitz (1986) meanwhile the presentation test was a presentation test rubric evaluated by two raters in order to find the reliability of the test. The result of this research showed that there was a significant negative correlation between students’ anxiety level and oral presentation test score from rater 1 and rater 2. Based on the result, the strength of this correlation was moderate. On the other hand, both of the results were in negative directions. The finding also showed that most of the students had “Mildly Anxious” level of anxiety and “Basic” category from presentation test score. It can be concluded that anxiety can influenced the students’ speaking skill especially while performing a presentation in front of the class. Some factors as like fear of making mistakes, being seen by a lot of people, or being interrupted by the lecturers can increase the students’ anxiety. Keywords : Anxiety Levels, Oral Presentation, Speaking.
STUDY OF KHERSON STATE UNIVERSITY STUDENTS AND TEACHERS' ATTITUDES TO THE USING OF ICT
Authors: Kotkova Vira V. , Perminova Liudmila A.
Published: October 2019

The article aims to explore lecturers and students’ requirements towards the ICT use in higher education institutions, to identify their problems in the ICT use in teaching, communication and research. Using a questionnaire we investigate the reliability of electronic educational sources, the kind of access to course learning materials, the ICT use in lectures, practical classes, individual work, consultations and control. The results of the survey showed that there is a mismatch between students’ need to have blended learning and lecturers’ ability to satisfy it. The lecturers and students assessed the overall ICT impact on the learning process. We found out that the lecturers believe that the educational process with ICT facilities becomes more complicated. For them it requires more digital skills, much time to create and maintain the blended courses. But students believe that ICT enhances learning, making it easy and more interesting. Thus involving students in education is considered now as providing them with convenient open access to learning materials. Their learning should easily combine traditional and digital technologies. The main problems of the ICT use in teaching are reviewed and ranged. The most common barriers are related to the lack of technical skills, lack of time, and perceived risks (intellectual property, loss of privacy, plagiarism). But besides personal barriers there are organizational and infrastructure ones. Education is changed greatly with the ICT use both in teaching and learning. To provide a new educational environment, university teachers should master necessary digital skills, establish international scientific and educational collaboration, combine face-to-face learning with e-learning (create blended courses, interactive learning systems etc.).
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ MICROSOFT EXCEL ДЛЯ РАЗРАБОТКИ ПРОГРАММНЫХ СРЕДСТВ РЕШЕНИЯ ЗАДАЧ ДИНАМИЧЕСКОГО ПРОГРАММИРОВАНИЯ
Authors: Arkhangelskaya Ekaterina V.
Published: October 2019

В статье описывается процесс создания и разработки электронного пособия для изучения метода динамического программирования. Данный метод используется для решения некоторых задач оптимизации и изучается в рамках таких дисциплин, как «Теория принятия решения» и «Методы оптимальных решений». В статье освещены возможности использования разработанного пособия для формирования условия и решения практической задачи об оптимальном распределении ресурсов между четырьмя предприятиями, определении максимального дохода и размеров средств, вкладываемых в каждое предприятие. Показано, каким образом можно обеспечить уникальность вариантов рассматриваемой задачи на каждом компьютере. Продемонстрирована реализация автоматической проверки правильности ответа, введенного пользователем, и показа расчетов, получаемых на разных этапах решения задачи, в мультимедийном режиме. При постановке задачи о распределении ресурсов и проведении расчетов методом динамического программирования исходные данные и результаты расчетов записываются в виде таблиц. По этой причине в качестве программного продукта для разработки пособия был выбран широко распространенный табличный процессор Microsoft Excel. Для функционирования программной разработки применяется программирование в среде VBA Excel. Формирование условия задачи осуществляется с помощью программного кода, выполняемого при открытии файла электронного пособия. В случае если у пользователя возникают затруднения при решении задачи, он может просмотреть процесс решения в мультимедийном режиме. В статье излагается, как можно организовать показ решения при нажатии кнопок, расположенных на листе Excel. Электронное пособие представляет собой цельный программный продукт, успешно используемый на практических занятиях в компьютерных классах. Пособие может использоваться для самостоятельного и дистанционного обучения.
МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ СТВОРЕННЮ ЦИФРОВИХ ЧАСТОТНИХ СЛОВНИКІВ
Authors: Riezina Olga V.
Published: October 2019

Частотні словники створюються для виявлення найбільш використовуваних слів у природній мові, мові письменника, певному творі тощо. Цими словниками послуговуються при вивченні іноземних мов; розробці інших видів словників; проектуванні мовних експериментів; проведенні досліджень у галузях лексичної семантики, психолінгвістики, морфології та інших; створенні прикладних програм, орієнтованих на опрацювання природної мови. Інформаційно-комунікаційні технології, доступ до величезних електронних лінгвістичних корпусів, національних баз даних слів, заснованих на субтитрах телевізійних програм та фільмів, значно прискорили дослідження в галузі статистичного опрацювання текстів. Зважаючи на те, що частотні словники широко використовуються в різних сферах діяльності, а їх побудова передбачає розв’язання широкого кола лінгвістичних задач, доцільно розглянути технологію створення таких словників у процесі підготовки фахівців з прикладної лінгвістики та комп’ютерних наук, учителів інформатики. У статті розглядається методика навчання студентів створенню частотних словників. Запропоновано алгоритм побудови частотного словника. Аналізуються особливості реалізації кожного кроку алгоритму з використанням мови Python, яка є популярною мовою програмування з відкритим кодом та великими бібліотеками. Автор наводить програмні коди та обґрунтовує використання відповідних модулів, методів опрацювання рядків, функцій, констант, структур даних, регулярних виразів. Запропонована методика спрямована на: 1) підвищення мотивації студентів до навчання та 2) розкриття практичної значущості засвоєних ними методів та прийомів програмування. Автор вважає, що підхід, представлений у цій статті, може бути корисним викладачам дисциплін інформатичного циклу.
Elma kök uru hastalığı etmeni Rhizobium radiobacter’e karşı epifit ve endofit bakteri izolatlarının antagonistik potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: SOYLU Soner , BOZKURT İmam Adem
Published: October 2019

Rhizobium radiobacter (=Agrobacterium tumefaciens) tarafından neden olunan kök ur (Taç gal) hastalığı dünya genelinde yaygın olarak yumuşak ve sert çekirdekli meyve ağaçlarının yanısıra, bağ, sebze ve süs bitkilerinin en önemli hastalıklarından biridir. Hastalık özellikle elma dahil birçok meyve fidanlıklarında ve genç meyve bahçelerde urlu bitkilerde gelişme geriliği sonucu ürün kaybı şeklinde ortaya çıkan önemli düzeylerde ekonomik kayıplara neden olur. Hastalığın kontrolünde bitki köklerinin çeşitli kimyasallar içerine daldırılması, toprak fumigasyonu, toprak solarizasyonu ve biyolojik mücadele yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada elma köklerinden izole edilen epifit ve endofit bakterilerinin kök ur hastalığı etmenine karşı antagonistik etkinliğinin belirlenmesidir. Çalışmada elma ağaçlarının kök ve kök boğazı bölgelerinden 85 aday epifitik ve endofitik bakteri izolatı elde edilmiştir. Aday antagonist bakteri izolatların hastalık etmeni R. radiobacter’i baskılama yeteneği öncelikle in vitro ikili kültür testi ile belirlenmiştir. İkili kültür testlerinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre Pseudomonas, Pantoea, Serratia and Bacillus cinslerine dahil farklı türlere ait 12 izolat besi ortamı üzerinde patojene karşı ortalama 5.0-27.3 mm çapında arasında değişen engelleme zonları oluşturmuştur. Patojen gelişiminin engellenmesi üzerine farklı düzeylerde antagonistik etkinlik gösteren Pseudomonas putida’nın 3 izolatı (1-4en, 1-12en, 1-13en) havuç dilimi üzerinde in vivo etkinlik çalışmaları için seçilmiştir. Pseudomonas putida 1-4en izolatı diğer izolatlara kıyasla havuç dilimi üzerinde ur oluşumunu önemli düzeyde baskılamıştır. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar Pseudomonas putida’nın izolatlarının Rhizobium radiobacter’in neden olduğu kök boğazı ur hastalığına karşı biyolojik mücadele ajanı olarak kullanılabilecek bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.
Trakya Bölgesinde Buğday Üreticilerinin Tohumluk Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörlerin Faktör Analizi Yöntemi İle Analizi
Authors: KELEŞ Günay
Published: October 2019

Ülkemizde yıllarca uygulanan fiyat politikaları üreticileri yüksek verim
arayışına iterken, düşük kaliteli buğday üretimini istemeden de olsa teşvik
etmekte ve yüksek kaliteli buğdayın üretiminde istenilen düzeye ulaşılamadığı
görülmektedir. Zira yüksek kaliteli sert ya da yarı sert buğday çeşitlerinin
verim düzeyi, düşük kaliteli yumuşak çeşitlere göre daha düşüktür. Un
sanayicileri buğday piyasasında çok sayıda farklı çeşitle karşılaşmakta ve
düşük kaliteli buğday bolluğu nedeniyle kaliteli un amacıyla oluşturulan üretim
programları olumsuz yönde etkilenerek buğday ithalatı zorunlu olmaktadır. Un
sanayinin yaşadığı bu süreç temel gıda maddesi olan ekmeği üreten fırıncıları
ve nihai tüketicileri de olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Üreticilerin tohumluk
tercihleri bu durum ile yakından ilgilidir. Faktör analizinin ana amacı boyut
indirgemedir (dimension reduction). Boyut indirgemenin) amacı ise veri setini
küçülterek daha kolay açıklanabilir hale getirmektir Bu araştırmanın amacı üreticilerin buğday tohumluğu tercihlerini
etkileyen faktörleri belirleyerek çiftçi tercihlerini etkileyen faktörleri
‘Faktör Analizi’ yöntemi ile analiz etmektir. Böylece çok sayıda tercih
nedenlerini düzenli bir şekilde ortaya koyarak tarım politikaları
belirleyicileri ve uygulayıcılarına bir ölçüde de olsa ışık tutacak bilgilere
ulaşmaktır. Analiz sonucunda elde edilen beş grup, buğday üreticilerinin
tohumluk seçimine etki eden temel faktörleri göstermekte olup tecrübe ve tavsiye,
yüksek Kalite ve Fiyat, İklim Koşullarına Uygunluk ve Destekleme Alımları
olarak isimlendirilmiştir.
Incidence and clinical picture of upper respiratory infection in children receiving zinc supplement
Authors: Widagdo Widagdo
Published: October 2019

The National Household Health Survey (1995) reported that the prevalence of upper respiratory infection (URI) in Indonesia was found 25.3% for all ages and 47.1% for the under five children. Reports of studies on the effect of zinc in the reduction of respiratory infection stated inconsistentresults. The objective of this community base study is to evaluate the effect of zinc as the attempt to reduce the incidence of URI. We have studied the effect of daily supplementation of 10 mg elemental zinc in a double blind, randomized, controlled trial consisting of 37 children (zinc group) and 36 children (control group) of 6 months - 5 years old. The distribution of preparation and monitoring of morbidity were performed regularly once a week along 2-month study period. During the 2-month study (February-April 2001) we found 24 URI cases in the zinc group and 24 cases in the control group. Time series analysis concerning the incidence and severity of the zinc group showed a negative slope (Yt: a – bx), while the placebo group showed a positive slope (Yt: a + bx). The evidence and severity of URI in zinc groups within the 1st and 2nd months showedsignificant different, while it was not in the control group. The study obviously showed the benefit of zinc supplementation in the reduction of URI as showed by negative slope in the time series analysis, and significant decreased of the incidence and the severity of URI in zinc group. There was no side effect of zinc supplemented noted. We suggest, therefore regular zinc supplementation to the diet of the children in the low economic level community are needed.
Studi seroepidemiologis Chlamydia pneumoniae dan beberapa mikroorganisme yang diduga menyebabkan infark miokard akut
Authors: Murwani Sri , Ali Mulyohadi , Muliartha Ketut , Purwanto Purwanto , Susilawati Ida , Nur Aini Dinda , Yuni Yuni
Published: October 2019

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is still a major health problem. Approximately 20% of death in the world was caused by atherosclerotic diseases like stroke, myocardial infarct. Recent studies explain the role of infection in the pathogenicity of AMI. The purpose of this study was to examine seroepidemiological study of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection related to AMI and its occurrence as pathogen burden-infection with other microorganisms. Subjects for this study were patients diagnosed clinically and laboratorically as AMI, from RSUD Saiful Anwar and RS. Lavalette,Malang. Blood samples were collected from each subject and serum was analyzed for IgG antibodies against C. pneumoniae, CMV, H. pylori and S. mutans. Clinical status was analyzed to find IMA conventional risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and diabetes mellitus. The result showed that the average age of these patients were 55 years and men were more common than women. All of these patients were infected by microorganism. Patients with infection and conventional risk factors were 51,9%, infection without conventional risk factors was 48,2%, and conventional risk factors for IMA without infection was 51, 85%. The most common conventional risk factor was smoking (37, 0%). Infection by S. mutans was detected in all patients (100%), C. pneumoniae 92,6%, CMV 92,6%, H. pylori 77,8%; however multiple infections were observed in most of the patients. It was concluded that microorganisms played rolesin the pathogenicity of IMA. It was suggested that the development of IMA might be contributed by single infection as well as multiple infections. However, multiple infections tend to be observed in most of the patients.
Effects of strobilanthes crispus extract on the apoptotic pathway of human liver carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Endrini Susi , Suherman Suherman , Rahmat Asmah , Ismail Patimah , Taufiq-Yap Y.H , Othman Fauziah
Published: October 2019

Previous study has been shown the potential anticarcinogenic effect of Strobilanthes crispus, a plant native to countries from Madagascar to Indonesia, on human liver cancer (HepG-2) cell lines. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of anticarcinogenic effectof S.crispus extract through apoptotic pathway. Exposure of HepG-2 cells to S.crispus extract resulted in induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as measured by Fluoresence Microscopy and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy analysis. These findings provide important new insight into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anticancer activity of S.crispus.
Study of some biochemical parameters in young men as effected by Ramadan Fasting
Authors: Indra M. Rasjad , Satuman Satuman , Widodo Edwin , E.H Tinny , S.W Endang , Sudiarto Sudiarto , Soemardini Soemardini
Published: October 2019

The effect of Ramadan fasting on some blood parameters i.e. serum glucose, urea, uric acid, lipids and proteins, were investigated on young men in Ar Rohmah Islamic dormitory. Nineteen normal and healthy students aging between 12-25 years, residing in the Islamic dormitory, voluntarily to participated in the study. Blood samples were obtained from the volunteers on the 1st and 26th day of Ramadan and analyzed for the aforementioned biochemical parameters. A non-significant effect of Ramadan fasting was observed on most of the parameters studied. However, serum urea, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were reduced significantly (p<0.05) but remained within the physiological limits. Decrease in blood urea has been attributed to the effect of at least protein and triglycerides intake to increase lipolytic effect. The reduction in serum cholesterol and LDL is a beneficial effect of Ramadan fasting. The results of the study indicated thatRamadan fasting is quite safe for normal healthy adults.
In Pursuit of Consonance: Science and Religion in Modern Works oftafsīr
Authors: Shabana Ayman
Published: October 2019

One of the most important types of scholarly literature to highlight the contentious debate on the relationship between Islam and modern science has been modern commentary on the Qur'an (tafsīr). This paper examines how modern commentators have conceptualised the relationship between religion and science and how, in turn, this modern concern with science has led to the emergence of a new genre within tafsīr literature. The article explores the extent to which this new genre represents an extension to earlier forms of tafsīr and how authors of this genre relate their work to the extended exegetical tradition. Special attention is devoted to Tafsīr al-manār by Muḥammad ʿAbduh and Rashīd Riḍā and its impact on subsequent works of tafsīr, with a particular focus on Tafsīr al-jawāhir by Ṭanṭāwī Jawharī. The article aims to analyse the epistemic authority of science in these works and explore how this authority has been used for the construction of the divine text in light of modern knowledge and sensibilities.
The Hermeneutics of Miracle: Evolution, Eloquence, and the Critique of Scientific Exegesis in the Literary School oftafsīr. Part I: From Muḥammad ʿAbduh to Amīn al-Khūlī
Authors: Naguib Shuruq
Published: October 2019

One of the earliest and more enduring modern critiques of scientific exegesis of the Qur'an (al-tafsīr al-ʿilmī) emerges out of the literary school of tafsīr. First advanced by Amīn al-Khūlī in the 1930s and later elaborated by Bint al-Shāṭiʾ, the main premise of their critique is that, first and foremost, a modern hermeneutic appropriate for the Qur'an's textuality must develop from the linguistic and literary traditions of Arabic. This paper focuses on al-Khūlī, situating his critique in the broader context of Muḥammad ʿAbduh's hermeneutic legacy. First, it examines ʿAbduh's reconfiguration of the premodern conception of the Qur'an's miraculousness, and its impact on al-Khūlī's efforts to renew a literary-aesthetic appreciation of the Qur'an's miracle and experiment with the notion of its extraordinary psychological effect. Secondly, based on an enquiry into a number of his writings, the paper demonstrates that al-Khūlī's approach also reflects a faithful espousal of ʿAbduh's ideas about science, and that his literary contribution to the question of the Qur'an's miracle is emphatically configured through a scientific—primarily evolutionary—outlook. In the course of the paper, it becomes apparent that even al-Khūlī's critique of scientific exegesis is largely derived from his evolutionary epistemology. The main contention of this paper is that al-Khūlī's commitment to science was philosophical, but his critique of scientific exegesis was methodological. And it is only by interrogating these aspects of his thought together that we come to understand the underlying hermeneutic assumptions which inform his objections to scientific exegesis.
Creation as Text: The Graphological Trope in Said Nursi'sRisāle-i nūr
Authors: Turner Colin
Published: October 2019

Reading the act of creation as written or spoken narrative seems to have gained currency across the faith traditions from very early on. The Muslim tradition is no exception. As the ‘pen and ink’ verse in the Qur'an shows, the notion of creation as an assemblage of divine words is as old as Islam itself. It was not until the advent of Muslim mysticism, however, that writers began to build on the image's revelatory foundations. The present study is an introductory analysis of extended metaphor in the work of the Ottoman theologian Bediüzzaman Said Nursi, with particular reference to the use of the ‘graphological trope’ in his six-thousand-page exegesis of the Qur'an known as the Risale-i Nur (‘The Epistles of Light’). The aim is to draw attention to Nursi's use of a particular literary conceit that is deserving of further study. Of the few works on Nursi and his teachings that stand up to serious academic scrutiny, nothing of substance has been written about the language of the Risale-i Nur. It is hoped that this exploratory article will spur other scholars on to a more extensive survey and analysis of imagery in Nursi's oeuvre.
Understanding Latin American anti-populism
Authors: Enríquez Arévalo Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Anti-populism, an understudied political phenomenon, is antagonistic opposition to what it names-pejoratively-as “populism”. It goes beyond criticism of aspects of a populist movement or government to become a radical antagonist to it. The anti-populist socio-political field can be a transideological one capable of including right wing, liberal and left sectors, even though right wing and liberal sectors will tend to have predominance over left wing ones within it. The antagonistic relationship between populism and anti-populism tends towards a polarized political field if consolidated and expanded. In Latin America, even though it comes from a defense of liberal democracy, anti-populism has supported or paved the way for anti-democratic coups against perceived “populist” governments. Classist, racist and neoliberal economic discourses are historically prominent in Latin American anti-populism. This shows historic socio-political forms and narratives linked to economic, social, and ethnic cleavages of the region manifesting in political conflict around populism.
Avaliação da potencialidade antioxidante e citotóxica do "Específico pessoa" encontrado em feira livre de Ji-Paraná (RO)
Authors: Santos Rauldenis Almeida Fonseca , Prudencio Guilherme de Andrade
Published: October 2019

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil fitoquímico, a atividade citotóxica e o potencial antioxidante da garrafada “específico pessoa” vendido em feira livre da cidade de Ji-Paraná (RO), comercializado como antídoto para veneno de diferentes animais como cobras, escorpiões e aranhas. O trabalho revelou que o extrato do “específico pessoa” não apresenta citotóxicidade quando avaliado pelo método de letalidade frente Artemia salina (LD50 >1000 μg.mL-1) e não possui atividade antioxidante significativa quando avaliado pelo método de DPPH (IC50 >1000μg.mL-1).
Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria on Salicornia ramosissima Seed Germination under Salinity, CO2 and Temperature Stress
Authors: Mesa-Marín Jennifer , Pérez-Romero Jesús A. , Mateos-Naranjo Enrique , Bernabeu-Meana Miguel , Pajuelo Eloísa , Rodríguez-Llorente Ignacio D. , Redondo-Gómez Susana
Published: October 2019

In a scenario of climate change and growing population, halophyte root microbiota interactions may be a sustainable solution to improve alternative crop production while combating abiotic stress. In this work, seeds of the cash crop halophyte Salicornia ramosissima were inoculated with five different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria consortia, isolated from the rhizosphere of five halophytes in southwestern Spain salt marshes. For the first time, we recorded seed germination response to three interactive abiotic stressors, CO2 (400 and 700 ppm), temperature (25 and 29 ℃) and salinity (171, 510 and 1030 mM NaCl), all of them related to climate change. Salinity played a decisive role, as no significant differences were registered between treatments at 171 mM NaCl and no germination took place at 1030 mM NaCl. At 510 mM NaCl, one rhizobacterial consortium improved seed parameters notably, increasing up to 114% germination percentage and 65% seedlings biomass. These first findings encourage us to think that cash crop halophytes like S. ramosissima and halophyte root microbiota may be valuable resources for human or animal feeding in a future climate reality.
Screening and Evaluation of Essential Oils from Mediterranean Aromatic Plants against the Mushroom Cobweb Disease, Cladobotryum mycophilum
Authors: Gea Francisco J. , Navarro María J. , Santos Mila , Diánez Fernando , Herraiz-Peñalver David
Published: October 2019

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the use of essential oils (EOs) as an alternative to synthetic fungicides used in the control of cobweb disease of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) caused by Cladobotryum mycophilum. The EOs used were obtained by hydrodistillation from five Mediterranean aromatic species (Lavandula × intermedia, Salvia lavandulifolia, Satureja montana, Thymus mastichina, and Thymus vulgaris), analyzed by gas chromatography, and tested in vitro for their antifungal activity against C. mycophilum. In vitro bioassays showed that the EOs obtained from T. vulgaris and S. montana (ED50 = 35.5 and 42.8 mg L−1, respectively) were the most effective EOs for inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. mycophilum, and were also the most selective EOs between C. mycophilum and A. bisporus. The in vivo efficacy of T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs at two different concentrations (0.5 and 1%) were evaluated in two mushroom growing trials with C. mycophilum inoculation. The treatments involving T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs at the higher dose (1% concentration) were as effective as fungicide treatment. The effect of these EOs on mushroom productivity was tested in a mushroom cropping trial without inoculation. They had a strong fungitoxic effect at the first flush. However, a compensatory effect was observed by the end of the crop cycle and no differences were observed in biological efficiency between treatments. The main compounds found were carvacrol and p-cymene for S. montana, and p-cymene and thymol for T. vulgaris. These results suggest that T. vulgaris and S. montana EOs may be useful products to manage cobweb disease if used as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) program.