bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kulturní univerzalita a diverzita na příkladu vybraných řeholních řádů a kongregací v České republice
Authors: Cichá Martina , Smetanová Klára , Kalčáková Lucie
Published: April 2016

Práce si klade za cíl demonstrovat kulturní univerzalitu a diverzitu, v souladu s tezemi Bernarda Ugeux (2001/2007), na příkladu vybraných řeholních řádů a kongregací v České republice. Pojednává o kultuře, ve smyslu kulturních univerzálií a specifik, prezentuje kulturu čtyř ženských řeholních řádů a kongregací (klarisek, školských sester sv. Františka z Assisi, milosrdných sester III. řádu sv. Františka z Assisi a karmelitek sv. Terezie) a dvou mužských řádů (řádu Menších bratrů kapucínů a řádu Tovaryšstva Ježíšova, tj. jezuitů). Snaha byla kladena především na autentickou reflexi každodenní reality uvnitř zkoumaného řeholního řádu či kongregace. Prostřednictvím polostrukturovaných rozhovorů a následné analýzy dat v rámci tzv. zakotvené teorie práce odhaluje prožívání života řeholních sester a bratrů, též principy, na jakých jejich společenství fungují, ve snaze nalézt zde znaky kulturní univerzality a diverzity.
Zkušenost s halucinogenní rostlinou ayahuasca v kontextu šamanského rituálu
Authors: Kavenská Veronika , Simonová Hana
Published: April 2016

Výzkum je zaměřen na osoby, které se vydaly do amazonských pralesů užívat přírodní halucinogen ayahuasku v kontextu „šamanského“ rituálu. Tento jev popisovaný antropology od 70. let. 20. stol. jako tzv. „šamanský turismus“ je stále aktuálnější především mezi obyvateli zemí Evropy a USA. Našim cílem bylo zmapovat, jakým způsobem ayahuaskový šamanský turismus probíhá – motivaci osob, které tento druh zkušenosti vyhledávají, přínosy, rizika a následnou integraci této neobvyklé zkušenosti. Sběr dat probíhal v ČR a v peruánské Amazonii na místech známých jako centra ayahuaskového šamanského turismu (města Tarapoto a Iquitos) formou polostrukturovaných rozhovorů, screeningových dotazníků a zúčastněného pozorování. Získali jsme výpovědi 77 osob, které mají zkušenost s ayahuaskou v kontextu rituálu v pralesech Jižní Ameriky, především pak v Peru.  Z rozhovorů vyplývá, že hlavní motivací pro užití ayahuasky byla zvědavost a touha po dobrodružství, léčba psychických problémů, potřeba sebepoznání, zájem o psychedelickou medicínu a terapii, spirituální rozvoj a nalezení životního směru. Přínosy byly vnímány především ve vztahu k sobě ve smyslu sebepoznání a sebepřijetí a v rovině duchovní, psychické, somatické a vztahové. Často byl zmiňován životní nadhled, spokojenost a ujasnění si životního směřování. Jako rizika byla uváděna nedůvěra v šamana či organizátora, zkreslení jimi poskytnutých informací a vystavení rizikové situaci. Většina respondentů považuje samotnou zkušenost za bezpečnou a náročné prožitky během sezení s ayahuaskou byly následně hodnoceny kladně ve smyslu zkvalitnění života. Výzkum byl hrazen ze dvou výzkumných projektů UP: IGA (SPP:432101021) a FPVČ (SPP: 452100061).
Sociální opora u sociálně exkludovaných romských rodin
Authors: Urban David , Kajanová Alena
Published: April 2016

Článek se věnuje tématu sociální opory u exkludovaných romských rodin. Téma bylo zpracováno na základě dat získaných v rámci terénního výzkumu ve vybraných romských rodinách žijících v exkludovaných lokalitách Jihočeského kraje. Data byla zpracována v programu Atlas.ti 7. Z výsledků vyplynulo, že je čerpána i poskytována především materiální forma sociální opory, kde jejím hlavním zdrojem - ať již reálným či anticipovaným, je rodina v místě bydliště. Od majoritních institucí opora očekávána není, je ale reálně využívána v různých podobách, včetně opory informační. Zdroje opory se mění s ohledem na generaci, kde v mladší generaci dochází k snižování mezigenerační ochoty pomoci.
Figures du discernement et construction identitaire à Qumrân
Authors: Duhaime Jean
Published: April 2016

Les manuscrits de la mer Morte témoignent d’une communauté qui affirme connaître le « véritable » plan de Dieu sur le monde et y répondre de manière appropriée en pratiquant un style de vie rigoureux, sous la conduite de maîtres éclairés. Pour soutenir cette prétention, elle s’appuie sur deux figures principales de discernement, le « maître de justice » (moreh tsèdeq), dont l’enseignement a joué un rôle déterminant dans la structuration de la communauté, et le « sage » ou l’« instructeur » (maśkîl), chargé de montrer la voie aux recrues et de faire progresser les membres. Dans cet article, chacune de ces figures-types est d’abord présentée à partir des textes qui la mentionnent, après quoi on identifie la forme que prend le discernement qui lui est attribué et comment cette représentation contribue à la construction et au renforcement de l’identité sociale du groupe.
Le discernement moral dans la Chine antique
Authors: Ghiglione Anna
Published: April 2016

La diffusion de la cosmologie corrélative, axée sur la complémentarité des contraires (ex. : yin-yang), n’empêcha aucunement l’essor d’une réflexion analytique et dichotomique dans la Chine antique. Le discernement (moral et intellectuel) est par exemple préconisé au sein de l’École qui se réclame de Mozi (env. 480-390 av. n. è.). L’exégèse du chapitre 17 — « Critique de la guerre offensive, I » — de l’oeuvre éponyme montre que les moïstes insistaient sur la nécessité d’opérer un choix critique entre deux termes opposés logiquement ou empiriquement incompatibles (ex. : juste/injuste, vrai/faux, positif/négatif), exclusifs l’un de l’autre et impossibles à harmoniser. Dans leurs écrits, le discernement est de surcroît lié à la raison langagière et à la dialectique. Il convient donc de reconsidérer le stéréotype qui présente la culture chinoise comme étant peu encline à l’analyse et réfractaire à l’esprit critique.
Le discernement dans les Exercices spirituels d’Ignace de Loyola
Authors: Mongini Guido
Published: April 2016

L’article traite de la question du discernement intérieur dans la pensée du fondateur de la Compagnie de Jésus, Ignace de Loyola. Malgré l’existence d’une vaste littérature sur le discernement ignacien, certains problèmes demeurent, notamment celui de la relation entre la théorie du discernement, exposée dans les Exercices spirituels d’Ignace, et la pratique. L’article a pour but de retracer le système des « règles du discernement » dans les Exercices, en clarifiant certains malentendus herméneutiques concernant les concepts (surtout en référence à la lecture faite par Roland Barthes) et l’histoire du xvie siècle (où l’expérience religieuse d’Ignace de Loyola trouve ses racines). Aux alentours de 1550, la méthode du discernement proposée dans les Exercices a suscité de nombreuses polémiques, notamment en Espagne. Ici, à la question de l’« élection », qui requiert la mise en pratique du discernement, s’est ajoutée celle de la relation entre spiritualisme, hérésie et orthodoxie, jusqu’à la remise en question des fondements de l’expérience religieuse jésuite dans son ensemble.
Supply Chain Leverage and Regulating Health and Safety Management in Shipping
Authors: Walters David , James Philip , Sampson Helen , Bhattacharya Syamantak , Xue Conghua , Wadsworth Emma
Published: April 2016

The aim of paper is to understand the role and significance of supply chain leverage in promoting health and safety management at sea, the institutional contexts in which it occurs and under which circumstances it is effective.

This is a qualitative research study that examined the views of seafarers and their managers on what drives the implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) management arrangements in two shipping sectors, namely, the independent oil and chemical tanker trade and the container trade. It is based on interviews with seafarers working on board several of these vessels and with representatives of the companies managing and operating the ships.

As might be anticipated from previous theorizing of supply chain effects on OHS, the study found there to be strong evidence of its influence on OHS management arrangements on tankers. The most significant driver of this effect for both managers and seafarers appeared to be the surveillance of their OHS arrangements instituted by the heads of the supply chain—in this case the oil majors and their inspection systems. Perhaps more surprisingly, despite the more diffuse, transactional and arms-length supply arrangements in the container trade, in the one case study from this sector examined in the paper, supply chain influences on OHS were nevertheless discernable. However, it also demonstrated the positive role played by the framework for maritime regulation in determining the significance of these influences.

Essentially, the results indicate that, under certain conditions, supply chain relations are useful in helping to support implementation of arrangements for OHS management on merchant vessels. However, it also more broadly demonstrates that such leverage is most likely to be effective when it operates within a wider institutional framework in which public regulation and its surveillance by regulatory authorities remains a key element.
A systematic review of interventions to improve prevention of mother‐to‐child HIV transmission service delivery and promote retention
Authors: Ambia Julie , Mandala Justin
Published: April 2016

Introduction

The success of prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) is dependent upon high retention of mother‐infant pairs within these programmes. This is a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that aim to improve PMTCT service delivery and promote retention throughout the PMTCT steps.

Methods

Selected databases were searched for studies published in English (up to September 2015). Outcomes of interest included antiretroviral (ARV) drugs or antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation among HIV‐positive pregnant and/or breastfeeding women and their infants, retention into PMTCT programs, the uptake of early infant diagnosis (EID) of HIV and infant HIV status. Risk ratios and random‐effect meta‐analysis were used in the analysis.

Results

Interventions assessed in the 34 identified studies included male partner involvement in PMTCT, peer mentoring, the use of community health workers (CHWs), mobile phone‐based reminders, conditional cash transfer, training of midwives, integration of PMTCT services and enhanced referral. Five studies (two randomized) that evaluated mobile phone‐based interventions showed a statistically significant increase (pooled RR 1.18; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.32, I2=83%) in uptake of EID of HIV at around six weeks postpartum. Male partner involvement in PMTCT was associated with reductions in infant HIV transmission (pooled RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.94, I2=0%) in four studies (one randomized). Four studies (three randomized) that were grounded on psychological interventions reported non‐significant results (pooled RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.93 to 1.09, I2=69%) in increasing ARV/ART uptake among HIV‐positive pregnant and/or breastfeeding women and infant HIV testing (pooled RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.94 to 1.07, I2=45%). The effect of the other interventions on the effectiveness of improving PMTCT uptake was unclear. Heterogeneity of interventions limits these findings.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that mobile phone‐based reminders may increase the uptake of EID of HIV. Studies on male partner involvement in PMTCT reported reductions in infant HIV transmission. Stronger evidence is needed and future studies should determine the long‐term effects of these interventions in improving retention throughout the PMTCT steps.
May I check your cap?
Authors: Geyer Elisabeth A , Majumdar Shreoshi , Rice Luke M
Published: April 2016

Modernizing a classic technique to study microtubules has revealed that the stability of a microtubule is related to its growth rate.
Modulated surface nanostructures for enhanced light trapping and reduced surface reflection of crystalline silicon solar cells
Authors: Tayagaki Takeshi , Hoshi Yusuke , Hirai Yuji , Matsuo Yasutaka , Usami Noritaka
Published: April 2016

We demonstrated the fabrication of modulated surface nanostructures as a new surface texture design for thin wafer solar cells. Using a combination of conventional alkali etching and colloidal lithography, we fabricated surface textures with micrometer and nanometre scales on a Si substrate. These modulated surface nanostructures exhibit reduced surface reflection in a broad spectral range, compared with conventional micrometer textures. We investigated optical absorption using a rigorous coupled wave analysis simulation, which revealed a significant reduction in surface reflection over a broad spectral range and efficient light trapping (comparable to that of conventional micrometer-scale textures) for the modulated nanostructures. We found that the modulated surface nanostructures have a high potential of improving the performance of thin wafer crystalline Si solar cells.
Energetics and electronic structure of tubular Si vacancies filled with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kochi Taketo , Okada Susumu
Published: April 2016

We studied the energetics and electronic structure of tubular Si vacancies incorporating a carbon nanotube (CNT), using first-principles total-energy calculations based on the density functional theory. Our calculations show that the incorporated CNT into a Si nanotunnel acts as an atom-thickness liner providing the electrostatically flat nanoscale space inside them by shielding the dangling bond states of tubular Si vacancies. The incorporation of the CNT into the tubular Si vacancies is exothermic with an energy gain up to 7.4 eV/nm depending on the diameters of the vacancy and encapsulated CNT. The electronic states of the vacancy substantially hybridize with those of the CNT, leading to the complex electronic energy band near the Fermi level.
Depth profile characterization technique for electron density in GaN films by infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Kamijoh Takaaki , Ma Bei , Morita Ken , Ishitani Yoshihiro
Published: April 2016

Infrared reflectance spectroscopy is a noncontact measurement method for carrier density and mobility. In this article, the model determination procedure of layer-type nonuniform electron distribution is investigated, since the spectrum fitting hitherto has been conducted on the basis of a multilayer model defined in advance. A simplified case of a high-electron-density GaN layer embedded in a GaN matrix is mainly studied. The following procedure is found to be applicable. The first step is the determination of the high-density layer position in the vicinity of the surface, in the middle region, or in the vicinity of the interface. This is followed by the specification of the sheet electron density and the layer thickness of the high-density region. It is found that this procedure is also applicable to the characterization of two-dimensional electron gases in the vicinity of AlGaN/GaN heterointerfaces.
Fabrication of Si/SiO2/GaN structure by surface-activated bonding for monolithic integration of optoelectronic devices
Authors: Tsuchiyama Kazuaki , Yamane Keisuke , Sekiguchi Hiroto , Okada Hiroshi , Wakahara Akihiro
Published: April 2016

A Si/SiO2/GaN-light-emitting-diode (LED) wafer is proposed as a new structure for the monolithic integration of both Si circuits and GaN-based optical devices. Surface-activated bonding was performed to transfer a Si layer from a silicon-on-insulator substrate to a SiO2/GaN-LED substrate. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that a defect-free Si layer was formed on the SiO2/GaN-LED substrate without interfacial voids. The crystalline quality of the Si layer, which is characterized by an X-ray rocking curve, was markedly improved by flattening the SiO2/GaN-LED substrate before bonding. Finally, a micro-LED array was successfully fabricated on the Si/SiO2/GaN-LED wafer without the delamination of the Si layer.
Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) and childhood leukemia near transmission lines: a review
Authors: Kokate P. A. , Mishra A. K. , Lokhande S. K. , Bodhe G. L.
Published: April 2016

This article presents a systematic review of most cited studies from developed countries those shed light on the potential relation between childhood leukemia and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). All the findings of articles critically segregated as per some neglected parameters like number of samples, exposure duration, frequency range, distance from the radiation sources, and location during measurement of magnetic field density near power lines. Literature of major 50 studies are divided according to pooled analysis / meta-analysis, residential zone assessment and case-control studies.
Matrix Depot: an extensible test matrix collection for Julia
Authors: Zhang Weijian , Higham Nicholas J.
Published: April 2016

Matrix Depot is a Julia software package that provides easy access to a large and diverse collection of test matrices. Its novelty is threefold. First, it is extensible by the user, and so can be adapted to include the user’s own test problems. In doing so, it facilitates experimentation and makes it easier to carry out reproducible research. Second, it amalgamates in a single framework two different types of existing matrix collections, comprising parametrized test matrices (including Hansen’s set of regularization test problems and Higham’s Test Matrix Toolbox) and real-life sparse matrix data (giving access to the University of Florida sparse matrix collection). Third, it fully exploits the Julia language. It uses multiple dispatch to help provide a simple interface and, in particular, to allow matrices to be generated in any of the numeric data types supported by the language.
Diversity and Distribution of Pteridophytes along the Altitudinal Gradient of the Northeastern Slope of a Secondary Forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines
Authors: Delos Angeles Marjorie D. , Buot, Jr. Inocencio E.
Published: April 2016

Studies regarding pteridophyte distribution on Mt. Makiling is scarce. A continuous documentation regarding this floral group, with emphasis on distribution, will contribute to the current listings and may contribute to the development of a conservation strategy to preserve the fern flora of Mt. Makiling. The plot technique method was employed along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Makiling resulting to 10 sampling sites. In general, this study aims to determine the species richness of ferns along the altitudinal gradient on the northeastern slope of Mt. Makiling. Furthermore, specific objectives are as follows: a) to identify the different fern species along the altitudinal gradients of Mt. Makiling b) to determine the richness and diversity along the altitudinal gradients of these fern species and c) to determine the zonation pattern of fern vegetation along the altitudinal gradient. The study was conducted during the months of April and June which pertains to the dry season. The diversity and distribution of pteridophytes along the altitudinal gradient of the Northeastern slope of a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling were determined.  A total of 27 species belonging to 18 genera and 14 families were identified. There is an increasing trend in diversity along the altitudinal gradient. However at the 550 and 650 m.a.s.l. altitudes, there was a higher diversity in both seasons due to the presence of a running body of water as well as a rocky substrate providing favorable habitat for the ferns. There were three zones identified during the dry season using dendogram by average linkage clustering (i) Zone 1: 150-450masl; (ii) Zone 2: 550-750masl; (iii) Zone 3: 850-1050masl.   Keywords - Altitudinal zonation, ferns, pteridophytes, Mt. Makiling, tropical rainforests, Philippines
Flood Coping Mechanisms in Marikina City’s Catch Basin: How Far Have Households Dealt With This Ecology?
Authors: Munárriz Maria Lourdes T. , Safaee Chalkasra Lolita Shaila P. , Luna Allan Christopher P. , Sison Christian Rey O.
Published: April 2016

This study looked into the ethno-ecological coping mechanisms of households in Tumana, Marikina City, a catch basin.  Households were interviewed based on their flooding experiences, how they have coped and what emergency preparedness they adopt when flooding is seen to occur due to typhoon, storm surge or high tide. The study found that the community-based approach has been quite useful as a tool for reducing disaster risks brought about by flooding. Such approach has also enabled the households to conserve their assets/property in the light of repetitive flooding. As physical infrastructures in poor communities are quite limited with respect to protecting the households from a high water level rise, community-based approaches and social capital can be useful tools for mitigating disaster risks. The study could be used for more effective land use plans. It could also serve to improve state-based policies by integrating the community-based risk management approach, a cost-effective and sustainable mechanism in strengthening the resiliency of communities. Keywords - Ethno-ecological, coping mechanisms, community-based, case study, Philippines
Instantaneous Growth Rate of Freshwater Nannochloropsis spp. at Different Salinity Levels
Authors: Maquirang Lady Gem H. , Caturao Romeo D. , Maquirang Jessy H.
Published: April 2016

A study was conducted to determine the instantaneous growth rate of freshwater Nannochloropsis spp. at five different salinity levels (T1, 0 ppt - control; T2, 5 ppt; T3, 10 ppt; T 4, 15 ppt; and T5, 20 ppt) and were arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD). Nannochloropsis spp. was cultured in fifteen 500 ml plastic experimental bottles based on the assigned treatment for eleven days. Initial sampling was done during the start of the experiment, and everyday thereafter. Cell density was counted using haemacytometer and viewed under the microscope. Results showed that the highest cell density and instantaneous growth rate of freshwater Nannochloropsis spp. was obtained in Treatment 3 with 18,510,000.00 cells/ml and16.00±0.36 cells/ml, respectively, while Treatment 5 had the lowest cell density and growth rate (10,040,833.33 cells/ml; 15.38±0.46 cells/ml).One-way ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test revealed there was a significant difference (p<0.05) on the days of culture (days 3, 7 and 8) among treatments. Results for both cell density (cells/ml) and instantaneous growth rate (K) proved that freshwater Nannochloropsis spp. can tolerate a wider range of salinity from 5 ppt to 15 ppt. However, further studies should be conducted at a wider range of salinity levels and other variables such as nitrogen levels and light intensity to have a complete picture of the reproductive biology of this species. Keywords - Aquatic Ecology, instantaneous growth rate, freshwater Nannochloropsis spp., salinity levels, experimental design, Philippines, Asia
Mining for Glyphosate-Resistant Genes in Rice Genotypes of the Philippines
Authors: Palanog Alvin D. , Rojo Abie D. , Lanutan Thea Mae Coleen B. , Araya Zayber B. , Dogeno Le-Ann G.
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to identify and characterize rice genotypes possibly possessing glyphosate-resistant genes, promoting the ability to withstand non-selective, systemic herbicides. The field establishment was based on alpha lattice design replicated into two with a plot size of 2 x 10 rows. All crop management practices followed the PalayCheck System®. At 14 DAT, the glyphosate-based herbicide (Round-up) was directly applied in rice plants. Survival and severity percentage were recorded from 4days to 20 days after herbicide application when the rice plants were observed reacting to the application while agronomic parameters were gathered at maturity stage. Out of one hundred rice genotypes, only 12 exhibited moderate to strong resistance to glyphosate-based herbicide while other genotypes stunted and wilted to death. The 12 genotypes are as follows: Kinastila, Binundor, Dinorado, Kalipao, Inanod, Camoros, Minondoc, Innano, Zambales, Maliket (Red), Kilay, and Simmaba. Among these twelve genotypes, Zambales is the most tolerant to glyphosate herbicide with highest survival rate and low severity index followed by Kalipao, Innaano and Kilay which have moderate survival rate and low severity rate. Identified resistant genotypes were agro-morphological characterized. Zambales genotype has the tallest plant height and highest spikelet number while the superior genotypes for the number of productive tillers, panicle length and spikelet fertility were Minondoc, Simmaba and Kinastila, respectively. These results show that the genotypes being tested have a wide variation in agro-morphological traits. Ultimately, 12 genotypes were identified as tolerant to glyphosate-based herbicide. Further evaluation and characterization are still required to verify the resistance of identified genotypes. These germplasms are promising materials for future breeding and research purposes in developing non-transgenic glyphosate-resistant rice varieties. Keywords-Genotypes, glyphosate resistance, morphological diversity, severity index, Philippines
Leaf Biochemical Composition of Seven Mulberry Genotypes
Authors: Damasco Crestilyn N. , Dacayanan Merlita A. , Supsup Roel D.
Published: April 2016

Seven mulberry genotypes, namely: Alf-004, Alf-018, Alf-025, S61-011, S61-019, S54-019 and the Batac were evaluated in terms of biochemical parameters along with leaf yield. Parameters viz; moisture content (MC), total carbohydrate (TC), crude fat (CF), ash, crude protein (CP), Total N,P and K along with leaf yield were analyzed using the ANOVA in Randomized Completely  Block Design (RCBD). Further, Evaluation Method Index was used to determine the superior mulberry genotypes. The data revealed that the different genotypes under study vary in their biochemical components where significant variations in all the parameters evaluated except in percent total phosphorus. For the phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and proteins were detected. Based on the evaluation index value, the identified and selected superior genotypes having higher leaf biochemical composition were Alf-004, Alf-018 and Alf-025. Keywords - Biochemistry, open-pollinated mulberry varieties, phytochemical, Randomized Complete Block Design, Philippines, Asia
The Integration of Sustainability in the Business Curricula of Cebu Universities and Colleges: A Review
Authors: Chaves Mary Gretchen F.
Published: April 2016

This study investigates the extent by which Cebu universities and colleges have incorporated the issues of sustainability and environment management in their business and management programs’ curricula.  The RA 9512 (2008 Act to Promote Environmental Awareness and Education) mandates the integration of ‘environmental education in its school curricula at all levels . . .’   In the  global front, the United Nations’ Principles for Responsible Management Education (2008) challenges management educators to ‘develop the capabilities of students to be future generators of sustainable value for business and society...’  The curriculum prospectus of 41 undergraduate programs of 8 schools were gathered through the collection of brochures and web-based research. These were analyzed to evaluate whether the curricula have full programs, with sustainability or environment management as the majors, or at least offer subjects on sustainability or its equivalent.  The document analyses reveal the nonexistence of sustainability-related programs as well as the absence of stand-alone environment management courses.  The study concludes the urgency of underscoring education for sustainability courses in the business curricula.  Recommendations include the redesign of the business curricula, integrating sustainability principles and practices.  By urging policy makers and school administrators, business and management graduates become better equipped to decide and manage resources, cognizant of the earth’s limited resources. Keywords-Education for sustainable development, environment education, UN PRME, RA 9512, qualitative design, Philippines
Pathogenic Bacteria Associated with Crassostrea iredalie: Basis for an Improved Depuration Technology
Authors: Palla Suzette Q.
Published: April 2016

The study evaluated the levels of pathogenic bacteria present in the rearing water and meat of cultured oysters found along selected coastal areas of the municipality of Iloilo, Philippines. Eight types of bacteria were present in oysters’ meat and rearing water namely: Escherichia coli, Vibrio sp., Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Citrobacter sp., Klebseilla sp., and Proteus sp. The number of bacteria in rearing water of three selected coastal areas of the municipality of Iloilo ranged from 7,700 – 20,600 CFU/100ml of E. coli; ranged from 19.800-21,000 CFU/100ml of Vibrio sp.; and 3,800 – 18,600 CFU/100ml of Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. These results of pathogenic bacteria are beyond the allowable threshold. Escherichia coli in oyster meat ranged from 16,500 – 25,250 CFU/100grms; Vibrio sp. ranged from 12,700 – 26,700 CFU/100grm. ; Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. ranged from 5,200 – 28,000 CFU/100grm. These results of pathogenic bacteria in oysters’ meat are beyond the allowable threshold. Moreover, this study ascertained the efficiency of an eco-friendly and cost efficient depuration systems namely: biofilter tank, mechanical filter tank, flow through tank and tank using UV sterilizer. During 12-48 hours, results showed that tank using UV sterilizer depurated oyster to a passable standard level for consumption. In 24 hours, biofilter tank, mechanical filter tank and flow through tank depurated oyster from E. coli to a passable standard level for consumption. Further in 36 hours, biofilter tank depurated oysters from Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. Furthermore in 48 hours, biofilter tank depurated oyster from E. coli, Vibrio sp. and Salmonella sp. and Shigella sp. to standard level for consumption. Keywords-Depuration, Crassostrea iredalie, bacteria, bivalve, mollusks, pollution, Philippines
Evaluating the Potential of Quingua Soil Series Towards a More Productive and Sustainable Lowland Rice-Based Farming in the Philippines
Authors: Cañete Sandro D. , Collado Wilfredo B. , Badayos Rodrigo B. , Sanchez Pearl B. , Sta. Cruz Pompe C.
Published: April 2016

Land Evaluation System using the modified Food and Agriculture Organization framework was carried out to assess the suitability of various important crops to Quingua soil series. Corresponding sound management interventions were then formulated over the identified production constraints. This was done to achieve a more productive and sustainable rice-based farming. The system generates a more specific land utilization type in which spatial and climatic variabilities are recognized.  The data used for land suitability evaluation was extracted from 2011-2012 cropping seasons. Analysis disclosed that Quingua series in Talavera and Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, representing irrigated and irrigation-supplemented lowlands, respectively, has high flexibility to growing various types of crops due to its favorable land attributes. Hence, crop intensification is highly recommended provided that minor limitations on soil organic matter, drainage, temperature, and seasonal flooding are offset. Multiple cropping system that involves off-season vegetable production and growing of cash or high-value crops in combination or rotation with rice dominates the farms’ landscape. This practice had generated varying levels of return on investment (ROI) from negative to more than 1000% as affected primarily by climate and farm management. Designing market-driven cropping systems under good management strategies can generate stable ROIs’ ten times higher than the production cost, hence, a more productive and profitable enterprise. Furthermore, soils of the same soil series exhibit similar characteristics or properties that require the same level of management in achieving the desired production output. Thus, information obtained from land suitability evaluation can serve as an effective tool for the government’s specific crop production program and agro-technology promotion.
Coral Reef Restoration using Nursery-Reared Coral Fragments in a LGU-Academe Ushered Community Project in Masbate (Philippines)
Authors: Mendoza, Jr. Antonino B. , Soliman Victor S. , Nieves Plutomeo M. , Lim Florizel M.
Published: April 2016

With the declining state of Philippine coral reefs, the need for conservation and rehabilitation efforts are deemed crucial to sustaining ecological, biological and economic recovery in the reef system. However, there is yet a concrete and workable policy to be implemented in restoring and rehabilitating our reef areas aside from establishment of marine protected area (MPA). Here, we explored the prospects of coral restoration by demonstrating experiences in San Fernando, Masbate (Ticao Island) combined with the practices of the National Coral Restoration Program. In this project, some 20,000 coral nubbins utilizing ‘corals of opportunities’ were reared in 40 coral nursery units (CNUs) for six months and achieved 80% survival. They were then out-planted (c. 20,000 sq m) inside an MPA to ensure their protection and increase in live cover.  The fragments were attached to dead corals using epoxy or tied in concrete nails using cable ties. Four coral genera were used namely Acropora, Seriatopora, Pocillopora, and Stylophora. About 70% coral survival was achieved after two months of transplantation. Involvement of the LGU, community and the private sector is crucial to project success. Results of the transplantation indicated effectiveness and viability of the CNU system to complement coral transplantation.
Assessment of SWAT Model Applicability and Performance for Predicting Surface Runoff in an Ungauged Watershed in the Philippines
Authors: Tolentino Arlene B. , Ella Victor B.
Published: April 2016

The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, owing to its robustness and wide applicability, was tested in Mabacan watershed in Laguna, Philippines, with the objective of developing a model for predicting surface runoff or streamflow in ungauged watersheds under conditions of limited hydrologic data. Model parameterization was performed based on the physical characteristics of the watershed and guided by sensitivity analysis. SWAT-predicted monthly surface runoff values for a 7-year period were then compared with manually computed values obtained using water balance and SCS-Curve Number methods. Agreement between runoff values was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE). Correlation analysis between SWAT-simulated monthly runoff and observed monthly rainfall was also performed to further assess the plausibility of simulation results. Sensitivity analysis showed that that the curve number (CN2), soil evaporation compensation factor (ESCO), and soil depth (SOL_Z) are the most sensitive parameters with sensitivity index (I) of 2.92, 0.08, and 0.04, respectively. Comparison between SWAT-predicted surface runoff with those obtained using water balance and SCS-CN methods yielded R2 values of 0.95 and 0.94, and NSE values of 0.70 and 0.63, respectively. The SWAT-simulated runoff series also proved to be well-correlated with observed rainfall series (R2=0.82). Results of this study suggest that the SWAT model is highly applicable for predicting surface runoff or streamflow in ungauged watersheds in the Philippines even with limited hydrologic data and that familiarity with the physical characteristics of the watershed area is essential in enhancing model parameterization and performance.
Production of small RNAs by mammalian Dicer
Authors: Svobodova Eliska , Kubikova Jana , Svoboda Petr
Published: April 2016

MicroRNA (miRNA) and RNA interference (RNAi) pathways employ RNase III Dicer for the biogenesis of small RNAs guiding post-transcriptional repression. Requirements for Dicer activity differ in the two pathways. The biogenesis of miRNAs requires a single Dicer cleavage of a short hairpin precursor to produce a small RNA with a precisely defined sequence, while small RNAs in RNAi come from a processive cleavage of a long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a pool of small RNAs with different sequences. While Dicer is generally conserved among eukaryotes, its substrate recognition, cleavage, and biological roles differ. In Metazoa, a single Dicer can function as a universal factor for RNAi and miRNA pathways or as a factor adapted specifically for one of the pathways. In this review, we focus on the structure, function, and evolution of mammalian Dicer. We discuss key structural features of Dicer and other factors defining Dicer substrate repertoire and biological functions in mammals in comparison with invertebrate models. The key for adaptation of Dicer for miRNA or RNAi pathways is the N-terminal helicase, a dynamically evolving Dicer domain. Its functionality differs between mammals and invertebrates: the mammalian Dicer is well adapted to produce miRNAs while its ability to support RNAi is limited.
Characterization and Classification of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Five Less Well‐Known Greek Olive Cultivars
Authors: Kosma Ioanna , Vavoura Maria , Kontakos Stavros , Karabagias Ioannis , Kontominas Michael , Apostolos Kiritsakis , Badeka Anastasia
Published: April 2016

The present study comprises the second part of an ongoing study focusing on olive oil from five less well‐known Greek cultivars for three of which there are no data available in the literature regarding their chemical composition. A total of 74 olive oil samples were collected during the harvesting periods 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Headspace‐solid phase microextraction was applied to determine the olive oil volatile profile. Fifty‐six compounds were identified and semi‐quantified by CG–MS. Furthermore, fatty acid composition, conventional quality parameters and color parameters were determined in an effort to characterize and differentiate olive oils according to cultivar. All samples were characterized as extra virgin olive oils. Data obtained showed significant differences between the cultivars. Multi‐element analysis in combination with chemometrics resulted in a high classification rate of 86.5 % for the combination of volatiles plus color, 89.2 % for the combination of VC plus FA, and 91.9 % for the combination of FA composition plus color plus CQP.
Effects of Likeability Dynamics on Consumers’ Intention to Share Online Video Advertisements
Authors: Shehu Edlira , Bijmolt Tammo H.A. , Clement Michel
Published: April 2016

Understanding how consumer evaluations of online advertisements affect their intention to share advertising content online is essential for successful viral advertising. This article examines consumer decisions whether or not to share video advertisements, in particular the role of their moment-to-moment likeability of the online ad. The study uses a theoretical memory-based framework of temporal sequence effects and unique data for 120 advertisements and more than 43,000 consumer evaluations. The authors find that high likeability at the beginning and the end of a video advertisement is important, though consistent with the memory-based framework, the ending effect is greater. A linear trend in likeability does not influence viral potential, but variance in likeability evaluations (the rollercoaster effect) has positive effects on an advertisement's virality. The moment-to-moment effects are mediated by the overall liking for an online video advertisement. Interestingly, the beginning, end and peak effects influence the viral potential even after controlling for the overall liking. The difference of the peak moment becomes important only when controlling for the overall liking, whereas the direct peak and the rollercoaster effects are suppressed by the overall liking.
Impact of Infection Prevention and Control Initiatives on Acute Respiratory Infections in a Pediatric Long-Term Care Facility
Authors: Murray Meghan T. , Jackson Olivia , Cohen Bevin , Hutcheon Gordon , Saiman Lisa , Larson Elaine , Neu Natalie
Published: April 2016

We evaluated the collective impact of several infection prevention and control initiatives aimed at reducing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in a pediatric long-term care facility. ARIs did not decrease overall, though the proportion of infections associated with outbreaks and average number of cases per outbreak decreased. Influenza rates decreased significantly.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:859–862
What's in a Name?: Exploring the Implications of Eurocentric (Re)naming Practices of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Nomenclature in Australian Education Practices
Authors: Weuffen Sara , Cahir Fred , Zeegers Margaret
Published: April 2016

The aim of this article is to provide teachers with knowledge of ways in which Eurocentric (re)naming practices inform contemporary pedagogical approaches, while providing understandings pertinent to the mandatory inclusion of the cross-curriculum priority area: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures (Australian Curriculum Assessment and Reporting Authority, 2015). While we have focused on Eurocentric naming practices, we have also been conscious of names used by Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders to name themselves and others and as non-Indigenous Australians we acknowledge that it is not our place to explore these in detail, or offer alternatives. In this article, we have explored the history of nomenclature as it relates to original inhabitants, the connotations of contemporary (re)naming practices in Australian education and discussed the importance of drawing on cultural protocols and engaging local communities for teaching and learning of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures. It is anticipated that discussions arising from this article may open up spaces where teachers may think about ways in which they approach Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander histories and cultures.
HAPPINESS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nasr Seyyed Hossein
Published: April 2016

Happiness is a universal concept and experience that cuts across cultures and religions. Nonetheless, the particular manifestations and descriptions of happiness are culturally informed and contextualized. This essay explores the concepts of happiness and the pursuit of happiness in Islamic thought, arguing that the pursuit of happiness is envisaged differently in Islamic thought. Rather than the more transient forms of happiness celebrated in modern, secularized or hedonistic cultures, the pursuit of happiness in Islamic thought is concerned above all with the attainment of enduring happiness.
A Plane-Parallel Wind Solution for Testing Numerical Simulations of Photoevaporation
Authors: Hutchison Mark A. , Laibe Guillaume
Published: April 2016

Here, we derive a Parker-wind-like solution for a stratified, plane-parallel atmosphere undergoing photoionisation. The difference compared to the standard Parker solar wind is that the sonic point is crossed only at infinity. The simplicity of the analytic solution makes it a convenient test problem for numerical simulations of photoevaporation in protoplanetary discs.
Three Years of Δ14CO2Observations from Maize Leaves in the Netherlands and Western Europe
Authors: Bozhinova D , Palstra S W L , van der Molen M K , Krol M C , Meijer H A J , Peters W
Published: April 2016

Atmospheric Δ14CO2measurements are useful to investigate the regional signals of anthropogenic CO2emissions, despite the currently scarce observational network for Δ14CO2. Plant samples are an easily attainable alternative, which have been shown to work well as a qualitative measure of the atmospheric Δ14CO2signals integrated over the time a plant has grown. Here, we present the14C analysis results for 89 individual maize (Zea mays) plant samples from 51 different locations that were gathered in the Netherlands in the years 2010 to 2012, and from western Germany and France in 2012. We describe our sampling strategy and results, and include a comparison to a model simulation of the Δ14CO2that would be accumulated in each plant over a growing season. Our model simulates the Δ14CO2signatures in good agreement with observed plant samples, resulting in a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 3.30‰. This value is comparable to the measurement uncertainty, but still relatively large (20–50%) compared to the total signal. It is also comparable to the spread in Δ14CO2values found across multiple plants from a single site, and to the spread found when averaging across larger regions. We nevertheless find that both measurements and model capture the large-scale (>100 km) regional Δ14CO2gradients, with significant observation-model correlations in all three countries in which we collected samples. The modeled plant results suggest that the largest gradients found in the Netherlands and Germany are associated with emissions from energy production and road traffic, while in France, the14CO2enrichment from nuclear sources dominates in many samples. Overall, the required model-based interpretation of plant samples adds additional uncertainty to the already relatively large measurement uncertainty in Δ14CO2, and we suggest that future fossil fuel monitoring efforts should prioritize other strategies such as direct atmospheric sampling of CO2and Δ14CO2.
Energy and nutrient intakes of young children in the UK: findings from the Gemini twin cohort
Authors: Syrad H. , Llewellyn C. H. , van Jaarsveld C. H. M. , Johnson L. , Jebb S. A. , Wardle J.
Published: April 2016

Data on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made usingttests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18–36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.
Les explications par un troisième facteur permettent-elles aux réalistes moraux de relever le défi épistémologique?
Authors: AUBÉ BEAUDOIN FÉLIX
Published: April 2016

Les réalistes moraux font face à un défi épistémologique : ils doivent expliquer pourquoi plusieurs jugements moraux qui sont candidats au statut de vérités morales (indépendantes de l’esprit) ont une grande valeur sélective. Est-ce le fruit du hasard? Les pressions évolutives ont-elles permis de retracer ces vérités? La stratégie argumentative qu’ils adoptent le plus communément afin d’expliquer cette corrélation frappante estl’explication par un troisième facteur. Dans cet article, je soutiens qu’elle ne permet pas de relever le défi épistémologique.