bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENILAIAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Iswantiningtyas Veny , Wulansari Widi
Published: February 2019

This research aims to develop an early childhood character education assessment model. The research method used is the R & D model developed by Borg & Gall. The implementation of this model development was carried out in 6 stages, namely information gathering, planning, model development, initial product testing, product revision, and main field test. The instrument had developed by the procedure and criteria for item validity and instrument reliability. The first phase of the trial was conducted in Taman Indria Kindergarten, Pare District. The second phase of the trial was conducted at Tauladan Kindergarten and Dharma Wanita Pelem Kindergarten in Pare District. Data from the trial and main field tests were analyzed using factor analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1) there are 18 character values with 65 indicators indicating that all indicators contribute effectively to the factors in each character value variable, 2) almost all indicators in each character value are strongly and significantly correlated with other indicators so that the assessment model that has been developed can assess all values of character education that have been taught for one semester, 3) according to the results of the questionnaire that has been analyzed it can be concluded that the use of early childhood character education assessment models is very effective to be applied in Kindergarten child.
Keywords: Assessment model Development, Character Education Assessment Model, Early Childhood
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model penilaian pendidikan karakter anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah model R&D yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Pelaksanaan pengembangan model ini dilakukan dalam 6 tahapan, yaitupengumpulan informasi, perencanaan, pengembangan model, uji produk awal, revisi produk, dan uji lapangan utama.Instrumen yang digunakan telah memenuhi syarat sebagai instrumen yang valid dan reliabel.Uji coba tahap pertama dilakukan di TK Taman Indria Kecamatan Pare. Uji coba tahap kedua dilakukan di TK Tauladan dan TK Dharma Wanita Pelem Kecamatan Pare. Data hasil uji coba dan uji lapangan utama dianalisis menggunakan analisis faktor. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut: 1) terdapat 18 nilai karakter dengan 65 indikator yang  menunjukkan bahwa seluruh indikator memberikan sumbangan yang efektif terhadap faktor dalam variabel tiap-tiap nilai karakter, 2) hampir semua indikator pada tiap-tiap nilai karakter berkorelasi kuat dan signifikan dengan indikator yang lain sehingga model penilaian yang telah dikembangkan dapat menilai seluruh nilai pendidikan karakter yang telah diajarkan selama satu semester,3) sesuai hasil angket yang telah dianalisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model penilaian pendidikan karakter anak usia dini sangat efektif untuk diterapkan di Taman Kanak-kanak.
Kata Kunci :Pengembangan  model penilaian, Model Penilaian Pendidikan Karakter, Anak Usia Dini.
UNIT STUDIES CURRICULUM: STRATEGI GURU DALAM IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM DI JUNGLE SCHOOL SIDOMUKTI
Authors: Kawaitouw Yunita Iriani , Widiastuti Ajeng Ayu , Kurniawan Mozes
Published: February 2019

This observation is purposed to know the teacherâ€™s strategy in implementing Unit Studies Curriculum. The type of this observation is a qualitative observation that would be held in 4 months through direct participation in the classroom from the beginning till the end of the activity. Subjects of the observation are 5 teachers which there are 4 preschool teachers and 1 kindergarten teacher in detail. The data gathering techniques is using a semi-structured interview, observation, and documentation. Used observation instrument is throught the interview questions according to the topics that are about to be observed. Used data analysis technique is a descriptive qualitative one. The results of this study indicate that the teacher's strategy in implementing the Unit Studies curriculum at Jungle School is run through interesting and creative play activities, and with games such as touch and tell games, matching games, exercise games, opposite games, paper telephone cups and several games. others that are different every day.
Keywords: Learning Strategies, Unit Studies Curriculum, A Method of Play.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi guru dalam mengimplementasikan Unit Studies Curriculum. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan melalui partisipasi langsung di dalam kelas dari awal kegiatan berlangsung hingga kegiatan berakhir. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 5 orang guru dengan rincian 4 orang guru preschool dan 1 orang guru kindergarten. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semiterstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan melalui pertanyaan-pertanyaan wawancara sesuai dengan topik-topik yang ingin diteliti. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi guru dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum Unit Studies di Jungle School dijalankan melalui kegiatan bermain yang dibuat dengan menarik dan kreatif, dan dengan games seperti touch and tell game, matching game, exercise game, opposite game, paper cup telephone dan beberapa game lainnya yang berbeda setiap harinya.
Kata Kunci: Strategi Pembelajaran, Unit Studies Curriculum, Metode Bermain
IMPLEMENTASI MARKET DAY DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN ENTREPRENEURSHIP ANAK USIA DINI DI TKIT AN-NAJAH KABUPATEN ACEH TENGAH
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Akbar Eliyyil
Published: February 2019

This research discussed the market day activities to improve children entrepreneurship of TKIT Sunnah An-Najah of Central Aceh and to find out entrepreneurial value of the students. This is descriptive field research. It used three data collection methods, including observation, interview, and documentation. To make the market day activities easier to understand, the researcher divided them into three processes: planning, application, and assessment. Furthermore, the application of having those students get into entrepreneurial value also involves fostering the values of entrepreneurship before and after the market day activity. The values desired are bravery, self-confidence, independence, good behavior, honesty, sense of appreciation, work commitment, discipline, cooperative and being communicative and oriented towards results. Through this observation, it is found that the conduction of the market day activities can help stimulate children's cognitive and socio-emotional growth, language skills, and physical-motor development.
Keyword: market day, entrepreneurship
Penelitian ini membahas kegiatan market day dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship pada anak di TKIT Sunnah An-Najah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah dan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai entrepreneurship yang ditanamkan pada anak dengan kegiatan market day di TKIT Sunnah An-Najah Kecamatan Bebesen Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan field research yang dilaksanakan di TKIT Sunnah An-Najah Kabupaten Aceh Tengah. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi. Implementasi kegiatan market day dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship dilakukan dengan perencanaan, pelaksanaan serta penilaian. Pelaksanaan Kegiatan market day  dalam mengembangkan entrepreneurship meliputi pra market day, saat market day serta pasca market day. Pelaksanaan entrepreneurship dapat mengembangkan aspek perkembangan kognitif, sosio-emosional, bahasa, dan fisik motorik anak dapat bertambah. Nilai-nilai entrepreneurship yang ditanamkan pada anak dengan kegiatan market day yaitu berani, pecaya diri, mandiri, santun, menghargai, jujur, berorientasi pasar, berorientasi tugas, berorientasi hasil, disiplin, kooperatif, komunikatif.
Kata kunci: market day, kewirausahaan
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM 2013 PENDIDIKAN ANAK USIA DINI (PAUD) DI SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Rahelly Yetty
Published: February 2019

This research aims to find out the implementation of 2013 Curriculum for Early Childhood Education (ECE) in South Sumatra by using descriptive and qualitative methods. Data was collected by using interview, questionnaire, observation, and documentation. The data was analyzed by using triangulation technique through  reduction, display, and verification. The result showed that the implementation of 2013 Curriculum for Early Childhood Education (ECE) began with the preparation of semester Planning learning tools (PROMES), Weekly Learning Plans (WLP), Daily Learning Implementation Plans (DLP), and Assessment Plans. The process of implementing learning with a scientific approach is done when stepping up before playing, playing activities, and communicating stages. Principals and teachers worked together in designing learning devices. Then, they discussed about themes, sub-themes and game ideas that are able to develop aspects of development in an integrated manner based on scientific approach. The assessments were carried out with authentic assessments such as observation, portfolio, performance and assignments. Before the learning process, the teachers were required to prepare daily lesson plans and learning media which will be used later in the learning process.
 
Keywords: Early Childhood Education,, 2013 Curriculum Implementation
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi Kurikulum 2013 PAUD di Sumatera Selatan dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, angket, observasi serta dokumentasi. Analisis data digunakan dengan teknik triangulasi melewati beberapa proses yakni  reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan/ verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan implementasi kurikulum 2013 PAUD diawali dengan penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran Perencanaan Semester (PROMES), Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Mingguan (RPPM), Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Harian (RPPH), dan Perencanaan Penilaian. Proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan saintifik dilakukan saat pijakan sebelum main, kegiatan main, dan tahap mengkomunikasikan. Kepala Sekolah dan guru ikut bekerja sama dalam merancang perangkat pembelajaran. Kemudian, mereka mengkomunikasikan tema, subtema dan ide permainan yang mampu mengembangkan aspek perkembangan secara terpadu berbasis pendekatan saintifik. Penilaian yang dilakukan berupa penilaian otentik, misalnya observasi, portofolio, unjuk kerja dan penugasan. Sebelum proses pembelajaran guru juga diwajibkan untuk mempersiapkan RPP harian dan media pembelajaran yang nanti akan digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
 
Kata Kunci : Implementasi Kurikulum 2013, Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD)
EDUCACIÓN SANITARIA A LOS ESTUDIANTES DE GRADO EN EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Y GRADO EN EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA EN EL MANEJO DEL NIÑO ALÉRGICO EN LA ESCUELA
Authors: Barasona Villarejo Mª José , Barasona Villarejo Mª Luisa , Barranco Cabezudo Inmaculada , Vaquero Alvarez Manuel , Moreno Aguilar Carmen , Collantes Estevez Eduardo
Published: February 2019

La alergia en edad pediátrica es un problema de salud pública emergente y a su vez complejo de abordar. A pesar de esto, apenas hay protocolos de identificación de alumnos alérgicos y tampoco se incluyen en los planes docentes de los futuros profesores aspectos relacionados con la alergia infantil y del adolescente. Dado que los niños pasan una importante parte de su vida en la escuela, con éste proyecto se pretende formar a estudiantes de Grado en Educación Infantil y Grado en Educación Primaria en nociones básicas sobre qué es y qué supone una alergia alimentaria y/ó un asma, en el reconocimiento de los primeros síntomas de una reacción alérgica y en cómo actuar cuando ésta se ha producido. Se propuso a los participantes (todos alumnos de Magisterio) que rellenaran de forma anónima un cuestionario donde se preguntaba acerca del manejo del niño alérgico en la escuela, mediante 44 preguntas. A continuación se llevarían a cabo varias sesiones formativas y un mes despúes de la formación se volvería a pasar el mismo cuestionario, para valorar la evolución del conocimiento de los alumnos en el tema alergológico. Con el presente trabajo se muestra que los futuros maestros presentan unos conocimientos escasos acerca de la Alergología. Sería conveniente plantear programas de educación sanitaria de patologías cada vez más prevalentes en la población general y especialmente de las que se manifiestan en niños, ya que como se demuestra en este trabajo, la realización de seminarios informativos mejora de forma significativa el conocimiento sobre dicho tema de los futuros docentes en la escuela.
APRENDIZAJE Y COMPROMISO SOCIAL. HACIA LA TOMA DE CONCIENCIA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL Y EDUCACIÓN SOCIAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE CÓRDOBA
Authors: Gil del Pino Mª del Carmen , Gutiérrez Domingo Tamara , Del Espino Díaz Luis
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo describe un proyecto de innovación metodológica llevado a cabo en las asignaturas Historia de la Educación Contemporánea y Social, de primer curso del Grado en Educación Social, y Psicología de la Salud, del Grado en Educación Infantil. El trabajo ha consistido en el diseño y desarrollo de experiencias de aprendizaje-servicio (ApS), que es una metodología educativa que combina procesos de adquisición del saber y de atención a la comunidad en un único proyecto bien articulado en el que los participantes aprenden mientras intervienen en necesidades reales del entorno. Esta estrategia didáctica permite aprender contenidos curriculares y formar actitudes y compromisos ciudadanos. Se busca, pues, además de la ganancia en conocimientos, la sensibilización del alumnado ante las problemáticas de los demás y la implicación en actuaciones tendentes a solventarlas; el análisis de la realidad, en definitiva, para mejorarla a la luz de fuentes de información variadas y ricas y a través del trabajo en grupo, el compromiso social, la capacidad reflexiva y el juicio crítico.
Surgery for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression in Thoracic Spine, Anterior or Posterior Approach?
Authors: Liao Jen Chung
Published: February 2019

Background: The most commonly encounter tumor of the spine is metastasis, and thoracic spine is the most commonly metastatic spine. Controversy exists regarding the optimal surgical approach for this kind of patient. The author conducted a study to assess the differences between anterior thoracotomy and posterior approach in patients with malignant epidural cord compression in the thoracic spine.
Methods: Between January 2003 and December 2015, patients with metastatic thoracic lesion underwent surgery at our department were stratified into two groups according to different approach method to the lesion site. Group A mean anterior thoracotomy, decompression and fixation. Group P represented posterior decompression and fixation. Survival was defined as months since surgery to last tractable times. American Spinal Injury Association grade was used to assess preoperative and postoperative neurologic status. Days at intensive care unit (ICU) were compared. Every complication by surgery or during admission was documented.
Results: Group A had 25 patients and Group P had 67 patients. Lung cancer was ther most commonly origin cancer in both groups. The most commonly surgical level was the 9th thoracic vertebrae in Group A and the 10th thoracic vertbrae in Group P. Both gropus had a similar preoperative neurologic (p=0.959). One patients in Group A and two in the Group P sustained neurologic deterioation immediately after surgery. Group A took more operation time (213.0 vs 199.2 minutes, p=0.380) and had more blood loss (912.5 vs 834.4 ml, p=0.571). 6 patients in Group A (24%) and 10 patients in Group P (13.9%) developed complications immediately or postoperatively. Patients in Group A need more days of care at ICU (2.36 vs 0.19 days, p<0.001). The longer survival was seen in the goup P (15.4 vs 11.2 months) but without significant differnce.
Conclusion: Patients in Group P required significantly less days of care at ICU. Besides, posterior approach also took a shorter surgical time, and had a less blood loss during surgery, although without statistically significant difference. According to the results, the author would prefer posterior approach by decompression and fixation for those with thoracic metastatic tumor with epidural compression.
Keywords: Thoracic spine; metastatic epidural spinal cord compression; anterior thoracotomy; posterior approach; survivorship; neurologic status; complications.
Tests of Joints in AAC Masonry Walls
Authors: GALMAN Iwona , JASIŃSKI Radosław
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the results of the Authors’ tests on the joints in AAC masonry walls. The shape of the tested element and the test stand were fitted innovatively based on the Authors’ own experience as well as on the literature overview and numerical analysis. Cracking morphology and mode of failure were investigated. The relationship between the load and displacement for different types of joins was compared. The obtained results were also compared to the results obtained on the reference model, which was a model with a traditional masonry bond. In the remaining testing elements, the connection was realized with the use of steel connectors. Various mechanisms of cracking and failure have been observed as well as the behaviour and load-bearing capacity of joints were different. The obtained results encourage to further analyses focused on detailing the joints and application of new methods in the construction of the joints.
A Gis Based Graph Oriented Algorithmic Model for Poly-Optimization of Waste Management System
Authors: GASKA Krzysztof , GENEROWICZ Agnieszka , ZIMOCH Izabela , CIUŁA Józef , SIEDLARZ Dariusz
Published: February 2019

The article presents an integrated (inferential) system of computer assistance in waste management designed in component-based technology. The system allows for the implementation of individual elements (system components) with native and managed programming languages and performance technologies, ensuring easy integration of those components into one coherent, cooperating whole. One of the key issues involves the placement of the objects, events and conducted spatial (geographical) analyses in the system through the application of GIS technology (ability to use digital (vector or halftonebased) terrain maps), execution of spatial analyses, data visualization on maps, etc., using also commonly available spatial data available as part of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information (established under the Act on Infrastructure for Spatial Information).
Possibilities of Using Post-Consumer Wood Waste as a Fuel in a Cement Plant
Authors: KAJDA-SZCZEŚNIAK Małgorzata , JAWORSKI Tomasz J. , WAJDA Agata
Published: February 2019

The energetic use of wood waste in cement plants, as well as in the commercial power industry and district heating can bring measurable economic and environmental benefits. The article presents an analysis of the possibility of using selected postconsumer wood waste as an alternative fuel. For this purpose, a series of tests were carried out to determine the physicochemical properties of the waste. The tests confirm the usefulness of post-consumer wood waste in cement plants as a separate fuel or one of the alternative fuel components.
Temporal Composition of Alfalfa–Grass Pastures and Productivity Response of Holstein Steers
Authors: Nieman Christine C. , Albrecht Kenneth A. , Schaefer Daniel M.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

Bloat incidence was less when grass proportion was 40% or more of grass–alfalfa sward.

Alfalfa masked differences among grasses in grazed forage amount and nutritive value.

Holstein steer growth rate was highest when sward alfalfa proportions were greatest.

Alfalfa–meadow fescue maintained the greatest alfalfa proportion after three seasons.

This study compared forage productivity and animal performance in three alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)–grass mixtures: alfalfa–meadow fescue [Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv] (A–MF), alfalfa–orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) (A–OG), and alfalfa–tall fescue [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort] (A–TF). Mixtures were rotationally grazed with Holstein (Bos taurus, initial weight 242 kg, annually n = 180) steers from 2014 to 2016. Steer performance data from 2014 were excluded due to several incidences of bloat. Grass proportions increased over the 3‐yr study from 23% in 2014 to 40% in 2015 to 71% in 2016 (P < 0.01). Relationships (P < 0.001) between grass proportion and nutritive variables were detected with neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (R2 = 0.40) and NDF digestibility (R2 = 0.13) increasing with grass proportion, and crude protein (CP) decreasing (R2 = 0.29) with grass proportion. No relationship (P = 0.82) existed for in vitro true digestibility (IVTD). Grass proportions were lower, 60% grass, (P < 0.05) in A–MF pastures in 2016, compared to 77% for A–TF and A–OG causing higher average daily gain (ADG) for A–MF (P < 0.01) (0.81, 0.56, and 0.57 kg d−1 for A–MF, A–OG, and A–TF, respectively) and a tendency (P = 0.10) for greater gain per hectare for A–MF (P = 0.08) (994, 752, and 765 kg ha−1 for A–MF, A–TF, and A–OG, respectively). Cattle ADG was greatest when alfalfa sward proportions were high. By 2016, A–MF pastures had the highest alfalfa proportion, and therefore, the highest levels of ADG and gain per hectare.
Has Water Quality Improved or Been Maintained? A Quantitative Assessment Procedure
Authors: McBride Graham B.
Published: February 2019

Many policies require reporting on water quality trends. This is usually addressed by testing a hypothesis positing that there was zero slope in some parameter of the sampled population over a given period. Failure to achieve “statistical significance” is often falsely interpreted as evidence that there was no trend of concern—the P‐value of these tests can become ever smaller as the sample size increases and so also can the detectable trend. To avoid this problem, a new trend direction assessment (TDA) procedure is proposed, based on a formulation in psychological literature that considers error risks when inferring the direction of differences between two population means. The TDA procedure abandons testing altogether and instead calculates probabilities that water quality variables have been increasing or decreasing. Nominated probability breakpoints then give rise to a graduated scale in which phrases such as “extremely likely” or “unlikely” can be used to summarize results, avoiding casting many into a “not statistically significant” box. This trend assessment procedure requires no more information than a traditional test, for which the significance level is reinterpreted as a misclassification error rate (inferring an increase when in fact there was a decrease, or vice versa). Example applications of this procedure to small and large datasets are given. This procedure also possesses a possible framework that addresses the more complex question of whether water quality has been “maintained,” in which a trend magnitude of environmental significance must be defined. The TDA procedure may be applied to any environment, not just water quality.

Core Ideas

Abandon reporting of “statistical significance” for trend analysis.

Assess trend direction rather than using hypothesis/significance tests.

Calculate the probability that the trend direction has been correctly identified.

Use a graduated descriptive probability scale to present results.

Use results to inform an assessment of whether water quality has been maintained.
Channelizing Streams for Agricultural Drainage Impairs their Nutrient Removal Capacity
Authors: Booman Gisel C. , Laterra Pedro
Published: February 2019

In agricultural basins, fluvial ecosystems can work as filters when retaining the nutrient excess from agricultural activities, mitigating the impacts downstream. In frequently flooded areas, like the Pampas Region of Argentina, natural streams are being channelized to reduce flood frequency and intensity, thus increasing land suitability for crop production, but the impact of these interventions on nutrient removal capacity by streams is unknown. To evaluate the effects of channelizing streams on the assimilation rate of nitrate, ammonia, and phosphorus, nutrient addition experiments were performed in streams of the southern Pampas under three different conditions: (i) channelized reaches without Schoenoplectus californicus (C.A. Mey.) Palla (reeds), (ii) unchannelized reaches without reeds, and (iii) unchannelized reaches with reeds. Assimilation rates were estimated by applying the one‐dimensional transport with inflow and storage (OTIS) model, which considers the solute transport with lateral flow and storage. Nitrate and ammonia uptake rates were higher in unchannelized than in channelized stream reaches, and a higher nitrate assimilation rate was found in the presence of reeds, indicating an important role of this macrophyte in the nitrate uptake. In the case of phosphorous, uptake rates were higher in unchannelized reaches with reeds than in the channelized reaches. These results suggest that channelizing first‐order streams in agricultural landscapes of the Argentine Pampas may significantly reduce the ability of streams to mitigate nutrients loss to continental and marine water sinks.

Core Ideas

Channelizing streams significantly reduces their capacity of nutrient removal.

Assimilation velocity and areal uptake rate (U) were the main affected parameters.

Median reductions of nitrogen U due to channelization varied between 34 and 86%.

Median reductions of phosphorus U due to channelization varied between 63 and 75%.

Nutrients removal in nonchannelized streams is enhanced by reed cover.
Quantifying Nitrate Leaching under Commercial Red Raspberry Using Passive Capillary Wick Samplers
Authors: Loo Shawn E. , Zebarth Bernie J. , Ryan M. Cathryn , Forge Thomas A. , Cey Edwin E.
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas

NO3 leaching was quantified by passive capillary wick samplers over 2 yr.

NO3 leaching was three times greater in Year 1 than Year 2 (240 vs. 80 kg N ha−1).

Increased Year 1 NO3 leaching reflected field renovation prior to monitoring period.

There was strong seasonality in NO3 leaching from the field.

Despite fertilizer banding in rows, 60% of NO3 leached from alleys between rows.

Groundwater NO3–N contamination in the Abbotsford‐Sumas Aquifer in British Columbia, Canada, has been attributed primarily to NO3–N leaching from red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.); however, direct estimates of NO3–N leaching are lacking. This study quantified the magnitude and timing of NO3–N leaching under a commercial red raspberry field over 30 mo (October 2010–March 2013) using passive capillary wick samplers installed below the root zone at three row locations (irrigated row, nonirrigated row, and alley) after the critical period of field renovation and replanting. Substantial NO3–N leaching (240 kg N ha−1) during the first year of monitoring was attributed to the effects of field renovation (including autumn chopping and incorporation of raspberry canes and soil fumigation and spring poultry broiler manure application) in the year prior to the initiation of monitoring. Lower NO3–N leaching (80 kg N ha−1) occurred in the second year of monitoring under typical mineral fertilizer management practices. Strong seasonality of NO3–N leaching was observed in both years, with ∼48% in autumn, 34% in spring and summer, and 17% in winter. Approximately 60% of the NO3–N leaching was attributed to the alleys between raspberry rows, which did not receive mineral fertilizer or irrigation. The high proportion of leaching during spring and summer and from the alleys suggests that growing‐season irrigation practices and alley vegetation management, respectively, would be good targets for the development of improved practices. The samplers were effective in quantifying the magnitude and timing of NO3–N leaching from a commercial agricultural field and informing the development of improved practices.
A fast-multi-pole accelerated method of fundamental solutions for 2-D broadband scattering of SH waves in an infinite half space
Authors: Liu Zhongxian , Wang Zhikun , Guo Linping , Wang Dong , Wu Fengjiao
Published: February 2019

The traditional method of fundamental solution (T-MFS) is known as an effective method for solving the scattering of elastic waves, but the T-MFS is inefficient in solving large-scale or broadband frequency problems. Therefore, in order to improve the performance in efficiency and memory requirement for treating practical complex 2-D broadband scattering problems, a new algorithm of fast multi-pole accelerated method of fundamental solution (FM-MFS) is proposed. Taking the 2-D scattering of SH waves around irregular scatterers in an elastic half-space as an example, the implementation steps are presented in detail. Based on the accuracy and efficiency verification, the FM-MFS is applied to solve the broadband frequency scattering of plane SH waves around group cavities, inclusions, a V-shaped canyon and a semi-elliptical hill. It shows that, compared with T-MFS, the FM-MFS has great advantages in reducing the consumed CPU time and memory for 2-D broadband scattering. Besides, the FM-MFS has excellent adaptability both for broad-frequency and complex-shaped scattering problems.
Performance optimization of banana vibrating screens based on PSO-SVR under DEM simulations
Authors: Li Zhanfu , Li Kunyuan , Ge Xiaole , Tong Xin
Published: February 2019

This paper carried out the numerical simulation about the movement of non-spherical particles on banana vibrating screen using direct element method (DEM) considering the complexity of particle collision and avoiding obtaining motion information with difficulty. Experimental prototype of banana vibrating screen under variable parameters was manufactured to verify the feasibility of simulations. Because the complex non-linear mathematical model is the basis of optimization. Based on the simulation data this paper applied the least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM) to establish relationships between vibrating parameters of banana screen and screening performance. LS-SVM based on statistical theory can effectively solve the mapping problem of small sample. At same time, in order to improving the quality of modeling, the kernel parameters of SVM were optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO). Considering multi-extremum, large-scale, and non-differentiable of this computational model, the artificial fish-swarm algorithm (AFSA) with strong robustness and global convergence was applied to vibration parameters optimization. Finally, the optimal vibration parameters were: vibration amplitude 2.4 mm, vibration frequency 21 Hz, vibration direction angle 40 degrees.
New Strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae A112 for the Production of Zinc-Fortified Biomass
Authors: Кхань Нгуен Тхи Минь , Khanh Nguyen Thi Minh , Чанг Нгуен Тхи , Trang Nguyen Thi , Мань Ле Дык , Manh Le Duc , Куанг Ле Хонг , Quang Le Hong
Published: February 2019

The Food Industries Research Institute of Vietnam is one of the leading research institutes in the country, which study the use of microorganisms in food production. One of the main goals of the Institute is to collect and search for new strains for further research and production. Recently, the Institute has focused on products that use biomasses of microorganisms, such as zinc- and selenium-forified yeast biomass. The present research features new yeast strains for the production of high-zinc-containing preparations. The studies examined the properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae A112 and its stability under laboratory conditions. The research was conducted at the Food Industries Research Institute of Vietnam. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae A112 was found to contain up to 12.88 mg of zinc per gram of dry biomass when 1 g/l sulfate salt was added to the medium. The results allowed for industrial use of zinc-enriched yeast biomass. The new strain is resistant to temperatures up to 35°C while the optimal growth temperature is 28–33°C.
Alleviation of hexavalent chromium by using microorganisms: insight into the strategies and complications
Authors: Bhattacharya Amrik , Gupta Anshu , Kaur Amarjeet , Malik Darshan
Published: February 2019

Excessive industrialization and anthropogenic activities have resulted in widespread prevalence of heavy metals including hexavalent chromium in the environment. In addition to toxic properties, Cr(VI) possesses high stability and mobility, which in total makes it included in the list of priority heavy metals; thus it needs to be managed urgently. Among different methods available for remediation of Cr(VI), bioremediation is considered as one of the sustainable methods which could effectively be utilized for controlling Cr(VI) pollution. In this aspect, the treatment of Cr(VI)-containing wastewater originating from industries is noteworthy. The present review thus is an attempt to present a systematic overview dealing with studies on remediation of hexavalent chromium by using microorganisms and their application in treatment of Cr(VI)–containing industrial wastewaters. Various factors affecting the Cr(VI) removal and methods to enhance the bio-treatment are highlighted, which might act as a basis for researchers developing Cr(VI) bioremediation techniques.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Bile Acids Derivatives: An Overview
Authors: Grbović Ljubica M. , Pavlović Ksenija J. , Jovanović-Šanta Suzana S. , Vasiljević Bojana R.
Published: February 2019

:

The first attempts at microwave-assisted (MW) syntheses of bile acid derivatives
were performed in domestic MW appliances. However, the reproducibility of these
syntheses, which were performed in uncontrolled conditions, was very low. In the first
part of this overview, compounds synthesized under such conditions are presented. Consequently,
with the development of MW technology, MW-assisted reactions in MW reactors
became reproducible. Thus, in the second part of this review, syntheses of bile acidsbased
compounds in MW reactors are presented. Among others, publications dealing with
the following topics will be covered:

:

− Chemical transformations of hydroxyl and/or carboxyl functions of bile acids into
esters or amides,

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− Hydroxyl group oxidations,

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− Derivatization of oxo-compounds with different nitrogen-containing compounds (e.g. 4-amino-3-
substituted-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones, thiocarbohydrazides and thiosemicarbazides)

:

Bile acid-based molecular tweezers, capable of stereospecific molecular recognition

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Reactions of hydroxyl functions to give chlorine derivatives, presenting reactive intermediates in substitution
reactions with N- or O-containing nucleophilic arylhydrazides, urea derivatives, substituted thiadiazoles or
triazoles or amino acid methyl esters, mainly in solvent-free conditions.

:

Some of the synthesized compounds expressed antimicrobial potential and/or good recognition properties as
artificial receptors for specific amino acids or anions.

:

Detailed comparisons between conventional and MW-assisted procedures for chemical transformations of bile
acids are given in most of the presented publications. Based on these results, MW irradiation methods are simpler,
more efficient, cleaner and faster than conventional synthetic methods, meeting the requirements of green
chemistry.
Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives: Their Synthesis and Use in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Peng Xiangjun , Xu Xianyun , Huang Fujiang , Liu Qian , Liu Liangxian
Published: February 2019

Since Geim and co-workers reported their groundbreaking experiments on graphene, research on graphene oxide (GO) and its derivatives has greatly influenced the field of modern physics, chemistry, device fabrication, material science, and nanotechnology. The unique structure and fascinating properties of these carbon materials can be ascribed to their eminent chemical, electronic, electrochemical, optical, and mechanical properties of GO and its derivatives, particularly compared to other carbon allotropes. The present Review aims to provide an overview on the recent developments in the preparation of GO and its derivatives and their applications in organic reactions. We will first outline the synthesis of GO and its derivatives. Then, we will discuss the major sections about their application as stoichiometric and catalytic oxidants in organic reactions, a particular emphasis on the carbon-carbon, carbon-oxygen, and carbon-nitrogen single bond-forming reactions, as well as carbon-oxygen and carbon-nitrogen double bond-forming reactions. Simultaneously, this Review also describes briefly transition metal supported on GO or its derivatives as a catalyst for organic reaction. Lastly, we will present an outlook of potential areas where GO and its derivatives may be expected to find utility or opportunity for further growth and study.
Potential Therapeutic Applications of P2 Receptor Antagonists: From Bench to Clinical Trials
Authors: da Silva Ferreira Natiele C. , Alves Luiz A. , Soares-Bezerra Rômulo J.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Extracellular purines and pyrimidines have important physiological functions in mammals. Purines and pyrimidines act on P1 and P2 purinergic receptors, which are widely expressed in the plasma membrane in various cell types. P2 receptors act as important therapeutic targets and are associated with several disorders, such as pain, neurodegeneration, cancer, inflammation, and thrombosis. However, the use of antagonists for P2 receptors in clinical therapy, with the exception of P2Y12, is a great challenge. Currently, many research groups and pharmaceutical companies are working on the development of specific antagonist molecules for each receptor subtype that could be used as new medicines to treat their respective disorders.

Objective:

The present review compiles some interesting findings on the application of P2 receptor antagonists in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models as well as the progress of advanced clinical trials with these compounds.

Conclusion:

Despite all of the exciting results obtained on the bench, few antagonists of P2 receptors advanced to the clinical trials, and once they reach this stage, the effectiveness of the therapy is not guaranteed, as in the example of P2X7 antagonists. Despite this, P2Y12 receptor antagonists have a history of success and have been used in therapy for at least two decades to prevent thrombosis in patients at risk for myocardial infarctions. This breakthrough is the motivation for scientists to develop new drugs with antagonistic activity for the other P2 receptors; thus, in a matter of years, we will have an evolution in the field of purinergic therapy.
Repositioning of Difluorinated Propanediones as Inhibitors of Histone Methyltransferases and their Biological Evaluation in Human Leukemic Cell Lines
Authors: Pal Tanushree , Sharda Asmita , Khade Bharat , Ramaa C. Sinha , Gupta Sanjay
Published: February 2019

Background:

At present, ‘pharmaco-epigenomics’ constitutes the hope in cancer treatment owing to
epigenetic deregulation- a reversible process and playing a role in malignancy.

Objective:

Chemotherapy has many limitations like host-tissue toxicity, drug resistance. Hence, it is imperative
to unearth targets to better treat cancer. Here, we intend to repurpose a set of our previously synthesized
difluorinated Propanediones (PR) as Histone lysine Methyltransferase inhibitors (HMTi).

Methods:

The cell lines of leukemic origin viz. histiocytic lymphoma (U937) and acute T-cell leukemia
(JURKAT) were treated with PR-1 to 7 after docking studies with active pocket of HMT. The cell cycle analysis,
in vitro methylation and cell proliferation assays were carried out to delineate their physiological role.

Results:

A small molecule PR-4, at 1 and 10µM, has shown to alter the methylation of histone H3 and H4 in
both cell lines. Also, treatment shows an increase in G2/M population and a subsequent decrease in the G0/G1
population in U937. In JURKAT, an increase in both G2/M and S phase population was observed. The sub-G1
population showed a steady rise with increase in dose and prolonged time intervals in U937 and JURKAT cell
lines. In SRB assay, the PR showed a cell growth of 42.6 and 53.4% comparable to adriamycin; 44.5 and 53.2%
in U937 and JURKAT, respectively. The study suggests that PR-4 could emerge as a potential HMT inhibitor.

Conclusion:

The molecule PR-4 could be a lead in developing more histone lysine methyltransferases inhibitors
with potential to be pro-apoptotic agents.
Effect of Drilling Force on Delamination of Abaca/Kenaf/Carbon Fiber Reinforced Hybrid Composite
Authors: Venkatasudhahar M. , Velu R.
Published: February 2019

Background:

Natural fiber reinforced materials with polymer matrix finds many applications
in industries due to its excellent property. Fiber laminate composite materials have been researched
around the globe and were tested to determine its beneficial properties for specific purposes.
These composite materials have improved to withstand external loads. However, drilling of composite
has remained a difficult task because of its anisotropic material properties.

Methods:

In this study abaca and kenaf woven mat with the carbon woven mat are laminated using
epoxy resin (HY 951) and hardener (LY556) as matrix element while preparing the hybrid composite
materials. The drilling operations are carried out using automatic feed computer controlled vertical axis
drilling machine.

Results:

It is found that the drilling force, delamination peel up and push out for the composite material
depended on feed rates, drill bit diameters and speeds respectively. The optimal input parameters are
obtained using Taguchi L27 orthogonal array, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Analysis Of
Variance (ANOVA) methods. It is observed that lower feed, smaller drill diameter and moderate speed
provided high quality drilled hole. The drilled-hole quality, drilling damages are observed by using
profile projector.

Conclusion:

The following conclusion can be drawn from the present investigation on drilling of reinforced
composite materials drilled in different conditions. Feed rate is the important factor compared to
the feed and the tool diameter. When feed rate is increased, thrust force also increases. However, thrust
force decreases when the cutting speed increases. Feed influenced the thrust force instead of speed and
torque during drilling. The drilling induced damages are minimum during lower feed and lower diameter
drill. Hence, lower drill diameter, lower feed rate and medium speed are more suitable for drilling
the hybrid composites.
Utility of Whole-Genome Next-Generation Sequencing of Plasma in Identifying Opportunistic Infections in HIV/AIDS
Authors: Zhou Yang , Hemmige Vagish , Dalai Sudeb C. , Hong David K. , Muldrew Kenneth , Mohajer Mayar Al
Published: February 2019

Background:

AIDS-associated Opportunistic Infections (OIs) have significant morbidity and mortality and can be diagnostically challenging, requiring invasive procedures as well as a combination of culture and targeted molecular approaches.

Objective:

We aimed to demonstrate the clinical utility of Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) in pathogen identification; NGS is a maturing technology enabling the detection of miniscule amounts of cell-free microbial DNA from the bloodstream.

Methods:

We utilized a novel Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) test on plasma samples to diagnose a series of HIV-associated OIs that were diagnostically confirmed through conventional microbial testing.

Results:

In all cases, NGS test results were available sooner than conventional testing. This is the first case series demonstrating the utility of whole-genome NGS testing to identify OIs from plasma in HIV/AIDS patients.

Conclusion:

NGS approaches present a clinically-actionable, comprehensive means of diagnosing OIs and other systemic infections while avoiding the labor, expense, and delays of multiple tests and invasive procedures.
Partidos e Independentes nos Vários Níveis de Governo: Portugal no Contexto Europeu
Authors: Almeida Maria Antónia Pires de
Published: February 2019

Em Portugal a Constituição de 1976 estabeleceu uma democracia representativa, mediada pelos partidos políticos. Três décadas e meia depois pretende-se apurar a importância real dos partidos, tanto a nível local, como central e mesmo supra-nacional, e as relações entre estes vários níveis, comparando o caso Português a outros casos a nível europeu. Uma parte significativa das actuais políticas inclui mobilidade vertical, tanto ascendente, como descendente: das Autarquias para a Assembleia da República e daí para o Parlamento Europeu e vice-versa, passando ou não por cargos no governo, em empresas públicas, clubes de futebol e em instituições europeias e internacionais. Em todos estes casos a posição no partido dentro tem uma importância fundamental, que é objecto de análise aprofundada, para melhor conhecimento do funcionamento partidário português e para a comparação entre os governos central e local e o papel que os partidos representam em cada um destes níveis. O fenómeno das candidaturas independentes é aqui apresentado como um desafio colocado ao sistema político e uma hipótese de trabalho que pode testar a importância dos partidos e a respectiva implantação na sociedade.
Entender a Modernidade: a Importância do Paradigma Igualitário
Authors: Fernandez Hugo Carvalho de Matos
Published: February 2019

Este texto constitui uma breve reflexão sobre a natureza da transição do Antigo Regime para o Liberalismo nas sociedades europeias dos séculos XVIII e XIX e do significado da ruptura então verificada. As revoluções liberais consolidaram e institucionalizaram o princípio de que a "boa ordem social" residia na igualdade dos cidadãos, intervendo a lógica aristocrática da harmonia da sociedade assente no princípio do privilégio e distinção, e no acaso discricionariedade do nascimento. Pela introdução das ideias igualitárias e concepção igualitarista da sociedade, muda matricialmente a lógica do poder político. O liberalismo oitocentista, efectuando a ruptura político-ideológica com o Antigo Regime, transporta-nos para a contemporaneidade.
Dos Desafios à Cidadania Europeia e do "Défice Democrático" da União: Algumas Considerações
Authors: Ponte e Sousa Pedro
Published: February 2019

Atendendo à centralidade do debate europeu no momento presente, pretende-se com este trabalho, contribuir para a compreensão da Europa e da sua insituição política emblemática, a União Europeia (UE). Fazendo uso, tanto de uma abordagem teórica, conceptual e empírica e com uma forte multidisciplinariedade (entre Ciência Política, Relações Internacionais, Estudos Europeus, História, Sociologia), procuramos trazer uma visão renovada do que é o pensamento, a cultura europeia quando aplicada a um processo de integração política e económica e do qual os cidadãos se lamentam frequentemente, quanto à fraca legitimidade democrática (e decorrente accountability), a um funcionamento pouco claro, muito distante e inacessível ao homem comum. Ou seja, definir e compreender a Europa, os problemas que tem enfrentado e as soluções que tem encontrado, contribui-se aqui para a compreensão do problema da cidadania europeia (ou até se há uma 'democracia europeia'), com implicações significativas para a análise do processo de integração europeu. Particularmente importante no momento presente é compreender a relação desse órgão supranacional com os estados, num contexto de grande expansão dos partidos nacionalistas, anti-UE (eurocépticos) ou anti-sistema. Atenderemos também ao caso português para compreendermos melhor essa relação e como ela é sentida pelos cidadãos. Esta discussão que aqui fazemos poderá ser considerada como uma mistura, entre revisão crítica e texto ensaístico, em particular quanto às conclusões e sugestões para uma Europa mais democrática, próxima do cidadão e centrada na promoção da participação, na inclusão (social e política) e na igualdade.Palavras-Chave: Europa, democracia, cidadania europeia, integração europeia, cultura europeia.