bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controlled generation of cylindrical vector vortex beams using an optically active material
Authors: Karmakar Ankita , Brundavanam Maruthi M.
Published: October 2024

An efficient method for the generation of tunable cylindrical vector vortex beams is proposed and demonstrated experimentally using an optically active (OA) material. The uniqueness of the proposed methodology lies in the control over the tunability of the cylindrical vector vortex beams using different concentrations of the optically active material. The efficiency of the generated beams is enhanced by using a single low oblique incidence angle of the input beam on a spatial light modulator with a single-phase profile. Two global parameters are measured experimentally to show the quantitative tunability and efficiency of the generated beams. The proposed method can find applications in the fabrication of various kinds of spiral nanostructures.
MIMO Volterra polynomial equalizer for PDM ultrahigh-order QAM signals
Authors: Fan Jiamin , Gao Mingyi , Huang Xuejing , Ge Yifan , Zhang Xubiao , You Xiaodi , Shen Gangxiang
Published: October 2024

In this work, we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Volterra polynomial equalizer (MVPE), in a probabilistic shaping (PS) polarization-division multiplexed (PDM) 4096-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) coherent optical transmission system. In comparison with the conventional single-input single-output (SISO) Volterra nonlinear equalizers (VNLEs), the proposed MVPE can equalize the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components in both the X and Y polarizations simultaneously and effectively alleviate nonlinear distortions. In the PS-PDM-4096-QAM experiment, the normalized generalized mutual information (NGMI) reached the threshold of DVB-S2 low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with a 20% overhead. Compared to the SISO VNLE scheme, the MVPE scheme improves receiver sensitivity by approximately 2.8 dB while maintaining nearly similar computational complexity.
A demand-driven climate services for health implementation framework: A case study for climate-sensitive diseases in Caribbean Small Island Developing States
Authors: Díaz Avriel R. , Rollock Leslie , Boodram Laura-Lee G. , Mahon Roché , Best Sabu , Trotman Adrian , Van Meerbeeck Cédric J. , Fletcher Chloe , Dunbar Willy , Lippi Catherine A. , Lührsen Daniela , Sorensen Cecilia , Muñoz Ángel G. , Ryan Sadie J. , Stewart-Ibarra Anna M. , Lowe Rachel
Published: October 2024

Here we introduce a demand-driven framework designed to implement climate services in the health sector, with a particular focus on the Caribbean region. Climate services are essential for supporting informed decision-making and response strategies in relation to climate-related health risks. Through collaborative efforts, we are co-producing a climate-driven dengue early warning system (EWS) to target vector-borne diseases effectively. While challenges exist in implementing such systems, EWSs provide valuable tools for managing epidemic risks by predicting potential disease outbreaks in advance. The scarcity of operational climate tools in the health sector underscores the need for increased investment and strategic implementation practices. To address these challenges, a demand-driven framework is proposed, emphasizing strategic planning focused on health intervention development, partnership building, data, communication, human resources, capacity building, and sustainable funding. This framework aims to integrate climate services seamlessly into health systems, thereby enhancing public health resilience and facilitating well-informed decision-making to effectively address climate-sensitive diseases.
The impact of environmental shocks due to climate change on intimate partner violence: A structural equation model of data from 156 countries
Authors: Mannell Jenevieve , Brown Laura J. , Jordaan Esme , Hatcher Abigail , Gibbs Andrew
Published: October 2024

The impact of climate change on human societies is now well recognised. However, little is known about how climate change alters health conditions over time. National level data around climate shocks and subsequent rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) could have relevance for resilience policy and programming. We hypothesise that climate shocks are associated with a higher national prevalence of IPV two years following a shock, and that this relationship persists for countries with different levels of economic development. We compiled national data for the prevalence of IPV from 363 nationally representative surveys from 1993 to 2019. These representative data from ever-partnered women defined IPV incidence as any past-year act of physical and/or sexual violence. We also compiled data from the Emergency Events Database (EM DAT) on the national frequency of eight climate shocks from 1920 to 2022 within 190 countries. Using exploratory factor analysis, we fit a three-factor latent variable composed of climate shock variables. We then fit a structural equation model from climate shocks (lagged by two years) and IPV incidence, controlling for (log) national gross domestic product (GDP). National data representing 156 countries suggest a significant relationship between IPV and a climate factor (Hydro-meteorological) composed of storms, landslides and floods (standardised estimate = 0·32; SE = 0·128; p = 0·012). GDP has a moderately large cross-sectional association with IPV (estimate = -0·529; SE = 0·047; p = 0·0001). Other climate shocks (Geological: earthquakes/volcanos; Atmospheric: wildfire/droughts/extreme temperature) had no measurable association with IPV. Model fit overall was satisfactory (RMSEA = 0·064 (95%CI: 0·044–0·084); CFI = 0·91; SRMR = 0·063). Climate shocks have a longitudinal association with IPV incidence in global population-based data. This suggests an urgent need to address the higher prevalence of IPV likely to come about through climate shocks due to climate change. Our analysis offers one way policy makers could track national progress using existing data.
Participants in a peer-based nutrition and health program in Zimbabwe value dialogue, peer support, and tangible action: A qualitative exploration of peer group experiences
Authors: Auer S. Riley , Matandirotya Newton , Mathe Prince , Moyo Musawenkosi , Sherburne Lisa , Dickin Katherine L.
Published: October 2024

Peer support groups are implemented globally, and viewed as cost-effective, scalable platforms for delivering health and nutrition programming. Quality is important for participation and achieving social and behavior change goals. Little research has explored the perspectives of peer group participants on quality. This manuscript describes community-based implementation research, and associated findings, which was conducted to learn how participants of a nutrition and health program define quality peer groups and how they suggest improving peer groups. In-depth interviews on experiences, benefits, and challenges were conducted with participants of health and nutrition peer groups, including group members (n = 64) and facilitators (n = 30), in three districts in Zimbabwe. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically and preliminary results were presented in six follow-up focus group discussions with interviewees to provide input on results and interpretation. Peer groups met some of participants’ needs for knowledge, social support, and visible improvements in their lives and homes. Participants described generally positive experiences that sustained participation and motivated behavior change. They highlighted group dynamics, interactive facilitation, and community recognition which support the credibility and motivation of group facilitators. Implementation could be improved by strengthening family engagement and more hands-on learning for encouraging participation. Local adaptation of group activities can address influences on behavior change and increase relevance to participants’ needs. The perspectives of core stakeholders are essential to understand what aspects of peer groups are most important to implement the approach with quality across contexts. Implementation research and continued monitoring to understand participant perspectives should be an integral part of all programs to ensure the application of adult learning principles and an appropriate balance between fidelity and adaptation for local relevance and engagement.
From barriers to opportunities from COVID-19 pandemic: Stakeholder perspectives on cervical cancer screening programs in LMICs of the Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Lee Jieying , Ismail-Pratt Ida , Machalek Dorothy A. , Kumarasamy Suresh , Garland Suzanne M.
Published: October 2024

Cervical cancer is preventable, yet it remains the fourth most common cancer in women globally. The highest incidence and mortality occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where over 70% of women have never been screened, and 58% of the cases are in Asia. While the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to cervical screening programs, particularly for LMICs, there were opportunities that emerged from the pandemic that were enablers of program recovery. Stakeholders played key roles in materialising strategy into implementation. Therefore, in this study, we examined the barriers and facilitators to implementing recovery strategies from the stakeholders’ perspectives. We interviewed fifteen stakeholders from nine LMICs in the Asia-Pacific region directly involved in the implementation of the cervical screening program. A total of 23 barriers and 21 facilitators were identified, of which seven barriers and nine facilitators related directly to the pandemic. Pandemic-related barriers included movement restrictions, resource diversion, cancelled campaigns and training, deprioritisation of HPV prevention efforts, and a reduced health workforce. Stakeholders concurred that most barriers had predated the pandemic and remained as the pandemic eased. Conversely, the pandemic introduced facilitators such as means for targeted campaigns, improved understanding of viruses, accessible training with online platforms, better PCR testing capabilities, a shift in the government’s position towards preventive health services, and openness to HPV testing and self-swabs. The emerging facilitators offered opportunities to address some of the persistent barriers, such as limited cervical cancer awareness and insufficient healthcare providers in screening programs. However, effective implementation of these emerging facilitators requires improved communication and collaboration between policymakers and implementers to accelerate the recovery of screening programs in LMICs. Further work is necessary to align emerging facilitators with the health system goals and resource settings of each country in turning these opportunities into actions.
Floristic changes following the chestnut blight may be delayed for decades
Authors: Karban Richard , Karban Claire C.
Published: October 2024

A survey conducted in the 1920s, prior to the chestnut blight, indicated that chestnuts and oaks were codominant canopy species in White Oak Canyon, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. A second survey in 1977 suggested that chestnuts were being replaced by tree species present before the blight, particularly oaks. In 2021, we resurveyed the 10 sites included in our 1977 survey and also recorded canopy and understory trees that grew above remnant chestnut sprouts. The canopy changed more substantially during the second interval (since 1977). Birch and maples were now more abundant. Hemlock declined, and oaks were less common in the canopy. In general, the trees considered as early to mid-successional have replaced oaks and hemlock. Chestnut sprouts have become much less common since 1977, presumably as repeated cycles of diebacks have weakened rootstocks. Those sites where chestnut sprouts have persisted until 2021 differed from neighboring sites without them. Chestnut sprouts were rare in sites with birch and hemlock; chestnut has persisted in locations with red oaks in the canopy and with few other understory competitors. This survey has been conducted over a longer time interval than previous studies that asked similar questions and our results suggest that changes to the forest composition following the loss of the American chestnut may be greater than previously recognized although the relative contribution of losing this codominant species is unclear.
The framework for analyzing the mechanism of the evolution of inter-city relationship networks on regional economic resilience
Authors: Shi Weihua , Wang Qi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we applied an analytical framework called "city cooperation intention → city relationship network → regional economic resilience," while considering the concept of externality as a measure of city cooperation intention, to draw insights from the perspectives of city relationships, biological evolution, and evolutionary economy. The evaluation system we developed focuses on the impact of inherent city culture on the inter-city relationship network, using variables such as knowledge spillover effect, technology symbiosis index, and market structure. We also incorporated innovation, resilience, and regeneration as determinants of regional economic resilience, building upon previous research findings. By applying structural force theory and a three-dimensional coordinate method, we analyzed the correlation between the relationship network and regional economic resilience, established a model to illustrate how the relationship network influences regional economic resilience, and described the course of action taken by the "three factors" of the relationship network on regional economic resilience. Ultimately, the aim of this study is to uncover the mechanism through which the inter-city relationship network affects regional economic resilience, with implications for healthy city design.
Phenolic content discrimination in Thai holy basil using hyperspectral data analysis and machine learning techniques
Authors: Suratanee Apichat , Chutimanukul Panita , Saelao Tanapon , Chadchawan Supachitra , Buaboocha Teerapong , Plaimas Kitiporn
Published: October 2024

Hyperspectral imaging has emerged as a powerful tool for the non-destructive assessment of plant properties, including the quantification of phytochemical contents. Traditional methods for antioxidant analysis in holy basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) are time-consuming, while hyperspectral imaging has the potential to rapidly observe holy basil. In this study, we employed hyperspectral imaging combined with machine learning techniques to determine the levels of total phenolic contents in Thai holy basil. Spectral data were acquired from 26 holy basil cultivars at different growth stages, and the total phenolic contents of the samples were measured. To extract the characteristics of the spectral data, we used 22 statistical features in both time and frequency domains. Relevant features were selected and combined with the corresponding total phenolic content values to develop a neural network model for classifying the phenolic content levels into ‘low’ and ‘normal-to-high’ categories. The neural network model demonstrated high performance, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8113, highlighting its effectiveness in predicting phenolic content levels based on the spectral data. Comparative analysis with other machine learning techniques confirmed the superior performance of the neural network approach. Further investigation revealed that the model exhibited increased confidence in predicting the phenolic content levels of older holy basil samples. This study exhibits the potential of integrating hyperspectral imaging, feature extraction, and machine learning techniques for the rapid and non-destructive assessment of phenolic content levels in holy basil. The demonstrated effectiveness of this approach opens new possibilities for screening antioxidant properties in plants, facilitating efficient decision-making processes for researchers based on comprehensive spectral data.
Sticking the landing: A comparison of shod vs barefoot landing kinetics and foot muscle characteristics in gymnasts, cheerleaders, and non-athletes
Authors: Ridge Sarah T. , McLean Dallin I. , Garner Kelsey R. , Olsen Mark T. , Bruening Dustin A. , Johnson A. Wayne
Published: October 2024

Objectives: The ability to control landings and stabilize quickly is essential in sports like gymnastics and cheerleading, where landing quality impacts scores. The similarities and contrasts between these sports, where one trains primarily barefoot and the other shod, may increase understanding of the kinetic role of the foot during landings. Design: Sixteen gymnasts (GYM), sixteen cheerleaders (CHR), and sixteen non-athletes (NAT) performed single-foot shod and barefoot drop landings onto a force plate. Method: Foot muscle strength was assessed using a custom test and ultrasound imaging was used to measure six foot muscles. Group differences in muscle sizes and strength measurements were compared using one-way ANOVAs (α = 0.05). Landing mechanics metrics were evaluated using 3 x 2 between-within ANOVAs (α = 0.05). Pairwise comparisons were made using Tukey post-hoc tests. Results: Barefoot landings resulted in greater peak vertical ground reaction force (pVGRF) and lower time to pVGRF (TTpVGRF). Significant group main effect differences were found between GYM and NAT for all kinetic measures (GYM: shorter time to stability (TTS) and TTpVGRF, and greater pVGRF), while no significant differences in landing kinetics were found between CHR and either GYM or NAT. No interactions were found between group and condition. GYM and CHR had significantly greater summed foot muscle size than NAT, however, only CHR displayed significantly greater toe flexion force than NAT. Conclusions: Our data suggests that while wearing shoes does not affect groups differently, footwear reduces initial peak VGRFs but does not influence later stabilization times.
Characterization of the literature informing health care of transgender and gender-diverse persons: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Pattar Badal S. B. , Gulamhusein Nabilah , Rytz Chantal L. , Turino Miranda Keila , Beach Lauren B. , Marshall Zack , Collister David , Greene Dina N. , Whitley Cameron T. , Saad Nathalie , Dumanski Sandra M. , Harrison Tyrone G. , Peace Lindsay , Newbert Amelia M. , Ahmed Sofia B.
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

Transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) persons experience health inequities compared to their cisgender peers, which is in part related to limited evidence informing their care. Thus, we aimed to describe the literature informing care provision of TGD individuals.

Data source, eligibility criteria, and synthesis methods

Literature cited by the World Professional Association of Transgender Health Standards of Care Version 8 was reviewed. Original research articles, excluding systematic reviews (n = 74), were assessed (n = 1809). Studies where the population of interest were only caregivers, providers, siblings, partners, or children of TGD individuals were excluded (n = 7). Results were synthesized in a descriptive manner.

Results

Of 1809 citations, 696 studies met the inclusion criteria. TGD-only populations were represented in 65% of studies. White (38%) participants and young adults (18 to 29 years old, 64%) were the most well-represented study populations. Almost half of studies (45%) were cross-sectional, and approximately a third were longitudinal in nature (37%). Overall, the median number of TGD participants (median [IQR]: 104 [32, 356]) included in each study was approximately one third of included cisgender participants (271 [47, 15405]). In studies where both TGD and cisgender individuals were included (n = 74), the proportion of TGD to cisgender participants was 1:2 [1:20, 1:1]. Less than a third of studies stratified results by sex (32%) or gender (28%), and even fewer included sex (4%) or gender (3%) as a covariate in the analysis. The proportion of studies with populations including both TGD and cisgender participants increased between 1969 and 2023, while the proportion of studies with study populations of unspecified gender identity decreased over the same time period.

Conclusions

While TGD participant-only studies make up most of the literature informing care of this population, longitudinal studies including a diversity of TGD individuals across life stages are required to improve the quality of evidence.
PsyHELP pocket guide: Development of an educational tool to promote professional mental health help-seeking among the health workforce
Authors: Kunyahamu Muhammad Syafiq , Daud Aziah , Tengku Ismail Tengku Alina , Md Tahir Mohd Faiz
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Ensuring the mental well-being of the health workforce is important in maintaining a robust healthcare system. This paper aims to describe the development of PsyHELP pocket guide and its potential to encourage the health workforce to recognise and seek help from mental health professionals for their mental health concerns.

Method

Developed with the Health Belief Model (HBM) as its theoretical framework, this PsyHELP pocket guide integrates theoretical and practical strategies, employing a user-centric design that combines text, visuals, and interactive elements, such as QR codes linked to animation videos, to enhance engagement and accessibility. The content development involved a thorough literature review and was structured to align with the HBM, addressing various constructs that influence help-seeking.

Result

The PsyHELP pocket guide series, conceptualised as multiple pocket guides, begins with foundational information about mental health and progresses to offer actionable strategies tailored for the health workforce. It addresses vital mental health concepts, combating stigma, recognising the need for professional help, and providing steps towards mental well-being, ensuring a comprehensive approach to mental health awareness and action among the health workforce.

Conclusion

The PsyHELP pocket guide stands out as a promising resource, aiming to enhance mental health awareness and encourage help-seeking behaviours among the health workforce, fostering a supportive and mentally healthy work environment.
Pulmonary valve replacement—A 10-year single-center surgical experience in ACHD patients
Authors: Peivandi Armin Darius , Martens Sven , Gion Anaïs , Rukosujew Andreas , Martens Sabrina
Published: October 2024

Large-scale analyses of surgical outcomes after surgical pulmonary valve replacement (sPVR) as part of re-do surgery in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are rare. Therefore, we present our outcomes of sPVR in ACHD patients over the last decade and demonstrate our standardized surgical approach. All ACHD patients who underwent sPVR between January 2013 and August 2022 were included. Primary diagnoses, peri-operative data, post-operative echocardiography, pre- and post-operative RV MRI and in-hospital mortality were examined. Pre- and postoperative MRI parameters were compared using paired testing. Standardized surgery was documented. Normality of continuous variables was tested using Shapiro-Wilk test. 79 patients (male 59.5% (n = 47), 71 re-operations (89.9%)) at a median age of 41.7 (52.2–28.8) years were included. Main underlying disease was Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF; n = 47, 59.5%). After removal of degenerated valve/conduit parts, right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) patch augmentation and implantation of a larger stented bioprosthesis (25mm in 78.5%) were conducted. In 57% of cases, concomitant surgery was performed (mainly tricuspid valve surgery: n = 28, 35.4%). 25 patients (31.6%) were operated with beating heart technique. Echocardiographic outcomes showed no moderate or severe insufficiency (median Vmax of 2 m/s (2.3–1.77 m/s)) upon discharge. Available MRI data showed significantly lower indexed RV-EDV (p = 0.0006) and RV-ESV (P = 0.0017) after surgery. In-hospital mortality was 5.1% (n = 4). SPVR is a safe therapeutic option with low surgical risk and satisfying post-operative results. It can serve as a solid therapeutic option for patients who need future valve-in-valve interventions.
Comprehensive in silico analyses of fifty-one uncharacterized proteins from Vibrio cholerae
Authors: Basu Mallick Sritapa , Das Sagarika , Venkatasubramanian Aravind , Kundu Sourabh , Datta Partha Pratim
Published: October 2024

Due to the rise of multidrug-resistant strains of Vibrio cholerae and the recent cholera outbreaks in African and Asian nations, it is imperative to identify novel therapeutic targets and possible vaccine candidates. In this regard, this work primarily aims to identify and characterize new antigenic molecules using comparative RNA sequencing data and label-free proteomics data, carried out with essential GTPase cgtA knockdown and wild-type strain of V. cholerae. We identified hitherto 51 characterized proteins from high-throughput RNA-sequencing and proteomics data. This work involved the assessment of their physicochemical characteristics, subcellular localization, solubility, structures, and functional annotations. In addition, the immunoinformatic and reverse vaccinology technique was used to find new vaccine targets with high antigenicity, low allergenicity, and low toxicity profiles. Among the 51 proteins, 24 were selected based on their immunogenic profiles to identify B/T-cell epitopes. In addition, 20 prospective therapeutic targets were identified using virulence predictions and related investigations. Furthermore, two proteins, UniProt ID- Q9KRD2 and Q9KU58, with molecular weight of 92kDa and 12kDa, respectively, were chosen for cloning and expression towards in vitro biochemical characterization based on their range of expression patterns, high antigenic, low allergenic, and low toxicity properties. In conclusion, we believe that this study will reveal new facets and avenues for drug discovery and put us a step forward toward novel therapeutic interventions against the deadly disease of cholera.
Identification of transformer overload and new energy planning for enterprises based on load forecasting
Authors: Lv Longjin , Han Yuxian
Published: October 2024

The new energy system constructed by energy storage and photovoltaic power generation system can effectively solve the problem of transformer overload operation in some enterprises. It can not only reduce the cost of electricity, but also realize low-carbon emission reduction. However, due to its low return on investment, the willingness of enterprises to install new energy is not high. In this paper, we first establish a load forecasting model to users whose transformers are overloaded or about to be overloaded, which are potential customers with new energy installation needs. Then, Optimal configuration models of PV and energy storage systems based on nonlinear programming are developed for these potential customers. The optimal installed capacity of the PV energy storage and the optimal charging and discharging strategy for the energy storage system can be obtained. This optimization strategy ensures that the electricity consumption of the enterprise does not exceed the rated capacity, and effectively reduces the enterprise’s basic tariff and electricity price to achieve cost reduction and efficiency. Finally, taking a building materials production factory as an example, we obtain the optimal plan for the new energy capacity, as well as the economic benefits of the plan and the specific strategy of energy storage charging and discharging for this factory.
Estimating diabetes mellitus incidence using health insurance claims data: A database-driven cohort study
Authors: Kunisawa Susumu , Matsunaga Kyoko , Imanaka Yuichi
Published: October 2024

Type II diabetes mellitus is a global public health challenge, necessitating robust epidemiological investigations. The majority of evidence reports prevalence as estimations of incidence requiring longitudinal cohort studies that are challenging to conduct. However, this has been addressed by the secondary use of existing health insurance claims data. The current study aimed to examine the incidence of type II diabetes mellitus using existing claims and ledger data. The National Health Insurance and medical care system databases were used to extract type II diabetes mellitus (defined as ICD10 codes E11$–14$) claims data over a period of 5 years for individuals over 40 years old living in one city in Japan. Prevalence was calculated, and insured individuals whose data could be tracked over the entire study period were included in the subsequent analyses. Therefore, annual incidence was calculated by estimating differences in prevalence by year. Data analyses were stratified by sex and age group, and a model analysis was conducted to account for these variables. Overall, the prevalence, diabetes medication usage, and insulin usage were 26.3%, 12.1%, and 2.0%, respectively. Annual incidence of type II diabetes mellitus ranged between 1.2% and 4.6%. Both prevalence and incidence tended to be higher in males and peaked around 60–80 years old. The overall annual incidence was estimated at 3.03% (95% CI: 2.21%–3.85%). The annual incidence was not always associated with a low risk, indicating a consistent risk from middle age onward, although the level of risk varied with age. The current study successfully integrated existing claims and ledger data to explore incidence, and this methodology could be applied to a range of injuries and illnesses in the future.
Exploring perception and attitude of nursing students towards interprofessional education in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abusabeib Zeinab A. , Baghdadi Nadiah A. , Almadni Noura A. , Ibrahim Hala K.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Interprofessional education is a process designed to facilitate knowledge exchange between healthcare professionals with the aim of improving learning, collaboration, and patient care. It helsps students gain a better understanding of communication, teamwork, and each profession’s role. This study aims to examine Saudi undergraduate nursing students’ attitudes and readiness for engagement in high-fidelity simulation interprofessional education and practice after training nurse educators in HFS.

Methodology

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 311 nursing students. The process of sampling was done by convenience and was not probabilistic. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire. The survey included demographic information as well as the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale.

Results

There was a positive attitude toward Interprofessional education among nursing students and a reasonable level of readiness. The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale score was significantly associated with academic years (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion

Nursing students have a positive attitude towards interprofessional education and are willing to engage in high-fidelity simulation activities. The integration of high-fidelity simulation in interprofessional education can significantly benefit nursing students by enhancing their clinical skills, decision-making abilities, and teamwork dynamics in a controlled environment.
γ-Laktama-deribatuen osagai anitzeko sintesi enantioselektiboa
Authors: Del Corte Xabier , Serna-Burgos Zuriñe , López-Francés Adrián , Vicario Javier
Published: October 2024

Gaur egun, industria farmazeutikoak eta sendagaiak erregulatzen dituzten agentziek beren lehentasun sintetikoen artean molekula enantiomeriko puruen sintesia lortzea ezarri dute. Hori dela eta, kimika organikoan molekula kiral optikoki puruak lortzeko egokiak diren protokolo sintetiko berriak garatzea interes handiko helburua bilakatu da. Testuinguru honetan, osagai anitzeko erreakzioak (OAE) metodologia ezin hobeak dira, sintesi sekuentzial arrunten aurrean erakusten dituzten abantailen ondorioz. Dokumentu honetan, BINOLetik eratorritako azido fosforiko kiralen bidez katalizatutako aminen, aldehidoen eta etil pirubatoaren arteko osagaiko anitzeko metodologia enantioselektiboa garatu da, konposatu natural eta ez-natural anitzen egituretan aurkitu daitezkeen γ-laktama α,β-asegabeak eskuratzeko. Nowadays, drug regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical industries have established among their synthetic priorities the preparation of enantiomerically pure molecules. Thus, the development of new methodologies leading to optically pure chiral molecules is a goal of great interest in organic chemistry. In this context, multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have proved to be excellent tools, showing significant advantages if compared to ordinary sequential syntheses. Herein we report a BINOL derived chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed three-component reaction of amines, aldehydes, and ethyl pyruvate for the asymmetric synthesis of α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams, which is a scaffold widely present in multiple biologically active natural and unnatural compounds.
Viviendo con dolor crónico: un problema de neuroplasticidad
Authors: Casillas Jardon Dulce Denisse
Published: October 2024

Todo ser humano conocerá el dolor en algún momento de su existencia, este se presenta como una señal de protección ante estímulos nocivos. En algunas ocasiones, continua de una manera crónica, más allá de los 3 meses. En un sistema errático cualquier estímulo puede provocar dolor (alodinia) o la sensibilidad a estímulos dolorosos puede ser exagerada (hiperalgesia). Las investigaciones nos han brindado conocimiento de cambios adaptativos y desadaptativos como potenciales activados a largo plazo, aumentos de señalización, apoptosis celulares, cambios en la expresión génica, aumento de sensibilidad en los nociceptores, cicatrización glial, cambios de homeostasis en la microglía y astrocitos. Así como los sitios anatómicos involucrados y modificados por el dolor crónico y comorbilidades, como son el núcleo accumbens, núcleo dorso medial, hipotálamo, núcleo parabraquial, corteza cingulada anterior, corteza somatosensorial primaria, tabique medial, hipocampo y núcleo de la estría terminal. Esta revisión puntualizó en la información más reciente respecto a neuroplasticidad y dolor crónico, con el objetivo de facilitar el enfoque multi y transdisciplinario.
Análisis de perfiles neuropsicológicos en niños con Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad y Tempo Cognitivo Lento
Authors: Juárez Ruiz de Mier Rocío , Lavigne Cerván Rocío , Torrecillas Martínez Manuel , Navarro Soria Ignasi
Published: October 2024

El actual estudio nace de la inquietud que ha surgido en los últimos años sobre el Trastorno de Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) y el Tempo Cognitivo Lento (TCL). En especial sobre cuan independientes son estos trastornos entre sí, con diferentes causas, síntomas y características. Para ello hemos analizado las diferencias en perfiles cognitivos de 105 participantes (74 niños y 31 niñas) de entre 6 y 13 años (M = 8,97; DT = 1,97) separados en dos grupos según su diagnóstico: 57 sujetos diagnosticados con TDAH y 48 sujetos diagnosticados con TCL. Para analizar el perfil neuropsicológico de los participantes se empleó la Escala de Inteligencia de Weschler para niños (WISCIV) el cual consta de cuatro áreas: la Comprensión Verbal, el Razonamiento Perceptivo, la Memoria de Trabajo y la Velocidad de Procesamiento. Se empleó un diseño transversal y los datos fueron analizados en SPSS a través de la prueba de contraste U-Mann Whitney. Tras el análisis de datos se pusieron de manifiesto diferencias significativas entre ambos perfiles, mostrando al grupo con TCL con puntuaciones más bajas en memoria de trabajo, pero mejores en pruebas de velocidad de procesamiento. Aún con sus similitudes, parece tratarse de trastornos diferentes, lo cual se traduce en el ámbito nosológico a la necesidad de un estudio con unas herramientas diagnósticas propias y de un tratamiento diferente para cada uno de los trastornos. Se requiere de otros estudios con mayor muestra y diferentes instrumentos para profundizar en las similitudes y diferencias entre el TDAH y el TCL.
Prediction model for rectal temperature in cats with different baseline characteristics using a non-contact infrared thermometer
Authors: Naimon Nattakarn , Jarudecha Thitichai , Sussadee Metita , Muikaew Rattana , Charoensin Supochana
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Body temperature is the most useful clinical parameter for evaluating animal health. In clinical practice, rectal temperature is the gold standard for assessing body temperature, but rectal temperature measurement is not convenient and can cause stress in animals. The non-contact infrared thermometer is considered an alternative method for skin temperature measurements in animals. Many biological factors may influence the response of body regions to thermal challenges; thus, the identification of these variables is essential for accurate infrared temperature measurements. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between the physiological factors of cats and their body temperature measured across various body positions, as well as to propose a model for predicting rectal temperature using an infrared thermometer.

Materials and Methods: A total of 184 client-owned cats were included in this study. The infrared temperature (°F) was measured using a non-contact infrared thermometer at five body positions: maxillary canine gingival margin (GCT), anal skin (ANS), inguinal canal (ING), ear canal (EC), and palmar pad. The five biological factors (age, body condition score [BCS], gender, hair type, and hair color) were recorded and analyzed to adjust predictive factors for rectal temperature prediction. All statistical analyses were performed using multivariable linear regression. The rectal temperature prediction model was then designed using the forward stepwise selection method.

Results: Based on multivariable linear regression analysis of infrared temperature results, the pre-prediction model showed significant correlations with rectal temperature for ANS, GCT, and EC (p = 0.0074, 0.0042, and 0.0118, respectively). Moreover, the combination of infrared temperatures on ANS and ING was the most appropriate parameter for predicting rectal temperature (p = 0.0008). All models were adjusted according to the baseline characteristics of the cats. However, the adjusted R-squared values of the pre-prediction model of the infrared temperature on the ANS, GCT, and EC and the final prediction model by the infrared temperature on the ANS combined with the ING were low (8.7%, 8.9%, 7.3%, and 12.8%, respectively).

Conclusion: The prediction model of rectal temperature of cats by infrared temperature from a non-contact infrared thermometer in ANS combined with ING and adjusted by age, BCS, hair type, and hair color may be applicable for use in clinical practice. This study found that the adjusted R-squared values of all models were low; the predictive model will need to be developed and used to test validity and reliability with an external study group for assessing their practical usefulness.

Keywords: cat, noncontact infrared thermometer, prediction model, rectal temperature.
Evaluation of the effects of green tea extract as a dietary supplement in sheep on gas production, volatile fatty acids, and digestibility
Authors: Rahmatillah Ririn Siti , Ramdani Diky , Hernaman Iman , Jayanegara Anuraga , Hidayatik Nanik
Published: October 2024

Background and Aim: Phenolic tannins, which are ubiquitous in plants, exhibit diverse biological activities and have drawn significant attention for their potential impact on ruminant nutrition and health. Although phenolic tannins have beneficial and detrimental effects on rumen fermentation, their precise influence remains poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the effects of varying doses of green tea extract (GTE) on rumen fermentation parameters through an in vitro trial using sheep rumen liquids.

Materials and Methods: A 4 × 2 factorial design was used to test the effect of 4 different doses of GTE treatment (0, 140, 280, and 560 mg/kg) in 2 different in vitro runs on degradability, fermentation profiles, and gas production using the in vitro Hohenheim Gas Test method.

Results: Across running times, the GTE-treated diet did not affect (p > 0.05) dry matter degradability % and organic matter degradability %, pH, ammonia (NH3-N, mg/dL), 24 h total gas production (tGP 24h, mL), and acetate-to-propionate ratio (A: P), but it reduced (p < 0.05) tGP 6 h compared with GTE-0 (control diet without GTE). GTE treatment tended to reduce (p < 0.1) methane (CH4, % LEL) and total volatile Fatty Acids (tVFA, mM). Across GTE treatment, the 1st in vitro run had higher (p < 0.001) tGP 6–24 h and pH, but lower (p < 0.001) tVFA and A: P in comparison with the 2nd in vitro run.

Conclusion: GTE treatment tends to decrease CH4 output in rumen without affecting degradability, tGP, and most fermentation profiles, except for a tendency to reduce tVFA.

Keywords: Camellia sinensis, Garut sheep, green tea extract, in vitro.
Social innovation and “other” knowledges
Authors: Ferreira Marcia Regina , Fleig Daniel Gustavo
Published: October 2024

By examining the intersection of sexism and racism in the university, we seek to reflect on the construction of knowledge and how this formal space of knowledge creation can contribute not to reproduce and repeat offered models, but rather build an “other” education. It is argued that the educational context cannot be analyzed without considering the project of modernity, coloniality, racialization, and violence in our country. After all, this coloniality is also present in the university. Starting from this colonial legacy of the knowledge structure (epistemic racism/sexism), the coloniality of power (domination and asymmetry in relationships), and understanding its implications in university life, this essay aims to address decoloniality and to think about social innovations through the valorization of marginalized knowledge (“other” bodies), in order to reflect upon what does formal knowledge construction have to do with it. As a result, the fissures in the Eurocentric wall produced through social innovations and other knowledges are presented, highlighting the contributions and challenges of formal knowledge in Brazil. With fundamental elements such as interculturality, decolonization, and decoloniality, the essay indicates that in recent decades universities have become a space for announcing and denouncing social, cognitive, and relational injustices. This change is occurring through the emergence of new configurations of educational institutions in Brazil. Finally, this feeling-thinking [sentir-pensar] about education is considered as a social innovation, as it presents new praxis that articulate love, pedagogy, humanities, and liberation, as found in critical interculturality and the biopraxis of Latin American education.
Development and Implementation of the Independent Curriculum in "Penggerak" Kindergartens: A Case Study of Semarang City
Authors: Sulchaniya Chilya , Waluyo Edi
Published: October 2024

Implementing the Independent Curriculum in early childhood education presents challenges and opportunities, particularly in aligning curriculum design with local needs and ensuring stakeholder collaboration. This research examines the development and implementation of the Independent Curriculum in three "Penggerak" Kindergartens in Semarang City: TK ABA 54, TK Talenta, and TK Pertiwi 31. The study employs a descriptive qualitative method involving principals, teachers, supervisors, and parents and focuses on institutional readiness and stakeholder collaboration. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, observations, and document analysis. Findings reveal that each kindergarten developed a curriculum tailored to its unique institutional characteristics and student needs, with an emphasis on integrating national standards, local values, and religious principles. TK Talenta prioritized inclusive education for special needs children, while TK Pertiwi 31 focused on contextual learning approaches. Collaborative curriculum planning involving key stakeholders was a central strategy in all three institutions. Despite the successes, challenges emerged, particularly in teachers’ comprehension of the Independent Curriculum, which necessitated additional support through professional development. The study concludes that a flexible and contextually grounded curriculum fosters inclusivity and adapts to local needs in early childhood education. However, the limited geographic focus and short observation period challenge generalizing the findings. Future research should adopt longitudinal approaches to evaluate the curriculum's long-term impacts and explore interdisciplinary strategies in curriculum design.
Industry of Russian Regions Under New Anti-Russian Sanctions
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhni Novgorod, Malkina Marina
Published: October 2024

The study is devoted to the analysis of the rates and factors of industrial growth in Russian regions during the period of the Special Military Operation and new anti-Russian sanctions in 2022–2023. The research used cartographic, comparative, correlation analysis, and econometric modeling. The study showed multidirectional growth trends in the mining and manufacturing industries in Russian regions in 2022 and 2023, as well as different patterns of Russian regions during the period of new anti-Russian sanctions. Interregional differences in the growth rates of industry and its main sectors, both during the period of stagnation (2022) and moderate growth (2023), turned out to be huge. Over two years, the gap in industrial growth rates ranged from –26.8% in the Kaliningrad region to +38.3% in the Bryansk region. Using correlation and regression analysis, the influence of five groups of factors on the dynamics of industrial production in Russian regions was tested. Econometric analysis showed a statistically significant positive impact of the quality of human capital, as well as the share of the communications and telecommunications industry in gross value added on the growth of industrial production in Russian regions in both 2022 and 2023, and a negative impact on this growth of the degree of openness of the economy, expressed in the dependence on imports, exports and foreign investment, although the importance of these factors has varied over time. State participation in the economy, manifested in the share of state ownership and growth in budget expenditures, has become a more prominent factor in industrial growth in 2023. In the same year, the share of the private sector ceased to be a significant factor in the reduction in industrial growth rates, as it was in 2022. In 2023, an important factor in industrial growth was the share of manufacturing industries in the region’s GRP
Bank Loan, Financial Leverage and Farm Productivity: Evidence from the Russian Far East
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Vasilyeva Olga
Published: October 2024

Does capital structure matter for farms productivity? Do bank loans increase or decrease farms efficiency? To address this question, I use farm-level data for 2014–2020 from Amur region, which is one of the most typical Russian regions in terms of agricultural development. I find some evidence of a negative correlation between financial leverage and total factor productivity in Amur Oblast farms. I also observe a negative correlation between financial leverage and partial productivity measures such as labor productivity, crop yield, and return on fixed assets. The negative relationship between enterprise productivity and the share of loans in liabilities can be explained, on the one hand, by the fact that bank loans are more often used by struggling, inefficient agricultural enterprises, i. e. adverse selection may take place. On the other hand, the negative relationship between firm productivity and bank credit may be due to the non-market nature of the credit they receive, with the government subsidizing the interest rate and/or guaranteeing the loan obligations. As a result, farms face soft budget constraints that reduce the incentives of owners and management to improve farm efficiency. The two proposed explanations (adverse selection and soft budget constraints) are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary