bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING ACADEMIC WRITING WITH GRICE
Authors: Wyatt Mark , Nunn Roger
Published: February 2019

While the organization of most academic writing courses around the introduction and practice of discrete linguistic elements might suit those learners who adopt a more atomistic approach to language learning, this approach might not be so appropriate for those learners searching for a more holistic understanding. For the latter group, a course centered on a pragmatic view of discourse, and drawing on Gricean maxims, which can provide a framework within which features of genre-specific academic writing can be explored, might be appropriate. Such courses remain rare. Where they are provided, they might be evaluated with the help of students’ reflections on their learning, which can provide insights that facilitate subsequent course development. Set in a largely curriculum-free Middle Eastern university context in which Gricean maxims had been previously employed in the teaching of academic writing, this study reports on one such course developed through negotiation with students. It analyses students’ reflections on which aspects of the input they had found most salient and why. Benefits of the course, in terms of students’ awareness of how their conceptions of academic writing had developed through critically evaluating a chosen text using Gricean maxims as a framework, are highlighted.
EVOLVING LEARNING PARADIGMS: AFFORDANCES AND CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Vukićević-Đorđević Ljiljana
Published: February 2019

A successful teacher is not only a person with specialist knowledge and prominent personal features but the one with skills and capacities emphasizing particularly his/her managerial qualities. In addition, ESP teachers face a specificity dealing with two subject-matter fields – the English language and specific subject-matter knowledge, be it science, humanities, engineering, or anything else.A successful teacher is not only a person with specialist knowledge and prominent personal features, but the one with skills and capacities emphasizing particularly his/her managerial qualities. In addition, English for Specific Purposes (ESP) teachers face a specificity dealing with two subject-matter fields – the English language and specific subject-matter knowledge, be it science, humanities, engineering, or anything else. Are general pedagogical practices overemphasized and often at the expense of content knowledge? In our opinion, teachers’ knowledge of student thinking and learning is more related to their emotional intelligence and psychology than pedagogy. Instead of memorizing facts, students are to be taught to search for information, to connect things, and enable the development of integrative knowledge in a multidisciplinary education. In such a learning environment, the responsibility of teachers is not only in their teaching but in facilitating learning by doing. Teachers’ ability to use English in a way that encourages learning in their students, where accuracy, fluency, and intelligibility are implied as necessary, is in our opinion above all theories, especially in times when motivation in students is constantly decreasing and dazzling lights ‘are killing softly’ our society of gadgets and gizmos.
Los roles de género de algunas mujeres indígenas mexicanas desde los procesos migratorios y generacionales
Authors: Klein Alejandro , Vázquez-Flores Erika
Published: February 2019

En este artículo se revisan diferentes perspectivas conceptuales acerca de cómo se trastocan y reconfiguran los roles de las mujeres indígenas que migran a las ciudades de México. Algunos de los autores analizados, coinciden en que la migración no sólo afecta a las mujeres directamente involucradas, sino también a aquellos que sin moverse de su espacio territorial como son los cónyuges, hijos y familias en general, reconfiguran sus roles de género y con ello cambia las relaciones de poder entre los afectados. La revisión propuesta parece indicar que si bien existen cambios en la subjetividad femenina, relacionada además con procesos de empoderamiento, se refuerzan sin embargo simultáneamente relaciones de subordinación y control patriarcal. Esta situación parece indicar la necesidad de tener en cuenta diferentes contextos, tanto como situar la extrema complejidad de la temática. Por nuestra parte, no descartaríamos una tercera opción, en relación a situaciones de ambigüedad o de compromiso entre ambos factores, lo que indicaría la existencia de variables en procesos de transición y cambio La mayor parte de los estudios analizados parten del enfoque de género, pero la revisión que aquí se sugiere intenta incorporar además una perspectiva multidisciplinaria que nos permita entender de manera más cabal dicho fenómeno, tan amplio y complejo, incorporando además de estudios de género, abordajes psicoanalíticos, psicológicos, culturales, migratorios y sociológicos.
Influencia del sexo en la interferencia y renovación contextual del aprendizaje espacial en humanos
Authors: Luna David , Alvarado Angélica , Vila Javier
Published: February 2019

Se investigó si la ejecución en un segundo aprendizaje espacial (i.e. interferencia) y la renovación contextual de uno previo presentaban diferencias entre sexos. Dos grupos de hombres y dos de mujeres debieron localizar un llavero oculto en un anaquel virtual. El entrenamiento comprendió dos fases y el contexto presente en la segunda fase podía ser igual o diferente al de la primera; adicionalmente, en cada fase la meta se ubicó en un sitio diferente. Posteriormente se realizó una prueba en la que se omitió la meta y que fue conducida en el mismo contexto de la primera fase del entrenamiento. Los resultados mostraron una menor latencia para encontrar la meta durante la primera fase del entrenamiento y el ensayo inicial de la segunda en hombres, el cual presentó también una diferencia entre sexos en la distribución de respuestas de búsqueda. La prueba mostró un efecto de interferencia o de renovación contextual del aprendizaje espacial dependiendo de si el contexto fue siempre el mismo o cambió a lo largo del entrenamiento, sin diferencias entre sexos. Estos resultados demuestran diferencias entre sexos en un segundo aprendizaje espacial y en sus estrategias de búsqueda, pero no en la renovación contextual de uno previo.
La Evitación Experiencial como Dimensión Funcional de los Trastornos de Depresión, Ansiedad y Psicóticos
Authors: Patrón Espinosa Felipe de Jesús
Published: February 2019

Recientemente la Evitación Experiencial (Hayes, Wilson, Gifford, Follette, & Strosahl, 1996) se ha propuesto como un elemento compartido por distintos síndromes psiquiátricos. Diversos estudios, realizados fuera de México en su mayoría, han contado con el objetivo de identificar si existe alguna relación entre la Evitación Experiencial (EE) y otros trastornos psiquiátricos. Siguiendo esta línea, el presente estudio contó con el propósito de identificar diferencias en los niveles de Evitación Experiencial entre personas con un diagnóstico psiquiátrico (trastorno de ansiedad, depresión y psicótico) y población abierta de la ciudad de Mérida Yucatán. Se aplicó el Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II adaptado para población yucateca (Patrón, 2010) a 108 participantes. La muestra se dividió en cuatro grupos de 27 integrantes dependiendo del diagnóstico: (1) ansiedad, (2) depresión, (3) psicótico y (4) no clínico. Se realizó un análisis estadístico aplicando una prueba de varianza simple. Los resultados sugieren que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el grupo no clínico y los grupos clínicos, así como entre el grupo con diagnóstico de trastorno psicótico y los grupos con trastorno de depresión y ansiedad. Estos hallazgos promueven estudiar con mayor profundidad el papel que juega la EE en los distintos tipos de esquizofrenia, así como a proponer posibles técnicas dirigidas a influir sobre la EE como parte del tratamiento de diversos trastornos.
Penghantaran Obat Anti-Inflamasi Non-Steroid (NSAID) Melalui Rute Transdermal
Authors: Nugraheni Raditya Weka
Published: February 2019

The transdermal route has several advantages compared to the per-oral route, such as the limitations of the First Pass Effect (FPE). However, the development of Transdermal delivery systems is challenging because of the barrier provided by the skin. NSAIDs are medicines that have been used in chronic conditions and potentially causing severe gastrointestinal adverse effects. The combinations of nanoparticle and iontophoresis in transdermal delivery of NSAID will be beneficial for the future use.
Gel formulations containing Sumbawa's horse milk with carbomer gel base
Authors: Ermawati Dian , Chasanah Uswatun , Andani Herika Juli , Nisrina Khalda
Published: February 2019

Peptides from Sumbawa horse milk are active as antibacterial and antioxidant. Horse milk has a higher content of vitamin C than cow or goat's milk, and cream products that contain milk can overcome dry skin. The Gel is one of the topical dosage forms suitable for acne medications and oily skin types. This study aimed to determine the effect of variations in horse milk content formulated in gel preparations with carbomer 1% base as gelling agents on physical characteristics (organoleptic, viscosity, pH) and antibacterial activity in Propionibacterium acnes. In this study, gel preparations were made with six different formulas on horse milk content, namely FI (2.5%), FII (5%), and FIII (10%), FIV (15%), FV (20%), and FVI (25%) with 1% carbomer base on each formula and well method were used for the antibacterial test. From the organoleptic test, it was found that in all of the gel formula had soft textured, thick white color, and distinctive aroma like horse milk. The viscosity test showed that was no significant difference, but the pH test showed a significant difference for each formula. In this study showed that all of the gel formulae did not have an inhibitory zone, which means that at each level there was no evidence of antibacterial activity in the P. acnes. So, it could be concluded that all gel formula had good gel characteristics but there was no inhibitory activity against the P. acnes.
Preparing Instructional Leaders: Evaluating a Regional Program to Gauge Perceived Effectiveness
Authors: MacKinnon Gregory Rodney , Young David , Paish Sophie , LeBel Sue
Published: February 2019

An instructional leadership program (ILP) has offered education and support to three cohorts of educational leaders in Nova Scotia, Canada, amounting to approximately 130 participants. Quantitative and qualitative feedback from a convenience sample (n = 90) suggests that the ILP offers an extremely useful practical program; in fact, 95 percent of the sample indicates advances in the categories of professional growth, improved instructional leadership, and tangible progress in administrative effectiveness. Systemic and school environment trends have dictated that educational leaders need a skill set that positions them to respond more aptly to issues of poverty, socioemotional health, and mental health while attending to improved community building both within the school and in the greater public. This study uses surveys, interviews, and focus groups to identify emerging and impending challenges.
Eating disorders, body dissatisfaction, and self-esteem among South Korean women
Authors: Kim Soyoung
Published: February 2019

Because of Western influences on Asian culture, Asian women value thinness, which has led to a rise in eating disorders among them. The prevalence of eating disorders has increased steadily among Asian women over the past 20 years. Body dissatisfaction, which is an attitude associated
with body image involving the disdain of one's appearance and weight, is more common among women compared to men. Today, Korean women have greater body dissatisfaction than do U.S. women, a difference that originates prior to adolescence. I examined how the Western mainstream media influences
women's self-image, determining that many women wish to look like celebrities. My findings supported cognitive-behavioral theorists' proposition that low self-esteem and body dissatisfaction contribute greatly to restrained eating. Rapid social change in South Korea, from Confucian to democratic
values, may have exacerbated development of South Korean women's low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and eating disorders.
Relationships Between Empathy, Gender, and Testosterone Levels in Older Adults
Authors: Chen Wuying , Feng Hui , Lv Chunlan , Lu Jiamei
Published: February 2019

We focused on the relationship between testosterone levels and empathy in older people and how this relationship changes with age and between genders. Participants comprised 45 younger (30–39 years) and 144 older (50–75 years) individuals who completed an empathy test and
whose free testosterone (FT) levels in a blood sample were measured. Results showed that women scored significantly higher in empathy, and that FT levels were negatively correlated with emotional and cognitive empathy. However, women had a stronger emotional empathy relationship with FT, and
a cognitive empathy relationship with FT was observed only in men. In addition, the effect of FT levels on empathy showed an age-related decline from middle to late adulthood, and this effect may vary by gender and by both components of empathy.
Idiosyncratic deals and taking charge: The roles of psychological empowerment and organizational tenure
Authors: Wang Linlin , Long Lirong
Published: February 2019

Taking charge has been promoted as an effective proactive behavior for improving work efficiency in organizations. Building on the proactive motivation model and human capital theory, our primary purpose in this study was to investigate how and when idiosyncratic deals (i-deals) promote
recipients' taking charge. We collected data from 237 employees and found that receiving i-deals had a positive effect on recipients' taking charge, psychological empowerment mediated the relationship between i-deals and taking charge, and organizational tenure moderated the mediation effect,
which became stronger as tenure increased. Theoretical contributions and practical implications of our findings are discussed.
Participation in collective action in China: Unfair experience, interests involved, and political efficacy
Authors: Zeng Runxi , Chen Yanchao , Li Huajun
Published: February 2019

We examined which factors promote Chinese citizens' participation in collective action at the individual level. Using data from the 2010 China General Social Survey, we applied logistic regression analysis to explore the relationships between unfair experience, interests involved, political
efficacy, and the likelihood of participation in collective action. Results showed that people who have experienced unfair treatment from the government are more likely than other people are to participate in collective action. If people think that collective action is closely related to their
own interests, they are more likely to participate than are those who do not think so. Also, people with high internal political efficacy are more likely to participate in collective action than are those with low internal political efficacy. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Self-Efficacy and Optimism Mediate the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Knowledge Sharing
Authors: Le Ba Phong , Lei Hui , Phouvong Sengphet , Than Thanh Son , Nguyen Thi Mai Anh , Gong Jiexi
Published: February 2019

We examined the mediating effects of optimism and self-efficacy in the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge sharing in a Chinese context. Survey data were collected from 365 participants employed by 80 Chinese firms. The findings indicated that self-efficacy
and optimism—2 dimensions of an individual's psychological capital—mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge sharing highlighting the importance of practicing transformational leadership to influence employees' positive psychological capital so
that they engage in knowledge collecting and knowledge donating. We discuss theoretical and managerial initiatives in the fields of psychology and organizational behavior, to help managers of firms promote knowledge sharing among employees in their organization.
Estratificação Sócio-Ocupacional e Segregação Espacial na Metrópole de São Paulo nos Anos 2000 | Socio-occupational stratification and spatial segregation in the São Paulo Metropolis in the 2000s
Authors: Becceneri Leandro Blanque , Alves Humberto Prates da Fonseca , Vazquez Daniel Arias
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo faz um estudo empírico das alterações na distribuição espacial e no padrão de segregação sócio-espacial das classes sociais na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) nos anos 2000, utilizando a metodologia desenvolvida pelo Observatório das Metrópoles para a análise da estratificação sócio-ocupacional. Serão empregadas ferramentas estatísticas espaciais, com destaque para o Índice de Moran, calculado para as Áreas de Ponderação da RMSP nos anos de 2000 e 2010, para análise espacial dos padrões de distribuição das classes no território. Com isso, espera-se trazer contribuições metodológicas para as pesquisas sobre estratificação e segregação no Brasil, no sentido de propor análises que avancem na compreensão da estrutura social e da segregação espacial na RMSP e nas demais metrópoles brasileiras.
O Papel do Estado no Processo de Formação Industrial: o caso da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba | The Role of the State in the Industrial Formation Process: the case of the Metropolitan Region of Curitiba
Authors: De Sá Djalma , Silva Marcus Vinicius Gonçalves da
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma visão geral do papel do estado no processo de formação industrial do estado do Paraná, bem como do planejamento do ordenamento territorial para atração de investimentos industriais. Coloca-se em pauta o papel do estado no desenvolvimento da região da Grande Curitiba, bem como as teorias locacionais que justificam a atratividade da região para a atividade industrial, tanto na década de 1970 quanto no processo inicial de industrialização nos anos 1990, quando da reestruturação e consolidação do processo e, nos anos 2000, como forma de buscar uma reestruturação e desconcentração industrial. Os resultados apontam que a eficiência do Estado em atrair indústrias nos anos 1970 não teve o mesmo sucesso na desconcentração da atividade, demonstrando a fragilidade da atuação do estado na expansão das políticas de industrialização como instrumento de incentivar e descentralizar o desenvolvimento regional. Por fim, o trabalho aponta que há uma forte centralização industrial e concentração econômica nessa região paranaense que pode ser explicada pelos existência de fatores locacionais que contribuem para a atratividade industrial dessas regiões.
A pobreza urbana e a pobreza de direitos no Rio de Janeiro de Vargas | Urban poverty and the poverty of rights in the Rio de Janeiro of the Vargas era
Authors: Barone Ana Cláudia
Published: February 2019

Resenha do livro de Brodwyn Fischer, A Poverty of Rights, Citizenship and Inequality in Twentyeth-Century Rio de Janeiro, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2008.
O Plano Piloto e os planos regionais para Brasília entre fins da década de 1940 e início dos anos 60 | The Pilot Plan and the regional plans for Brasília between the late 1940s and early 1960s
Authors: Derntl Maria Fernanda
Published: February 2019

Um dos tópicos da crítica à nova capital do Brasil inaugurada em 1960 é a ausência de um plano com intuito de inseri-la em seu contexto regional ou de organizar sua expansão urbana. Este artigo não refuta por completo essa crítica, mas mostra que instrumentos e conceitos então correntes no campo do planejamento regional foram aventados por comissões científicas desde fins da década de 40 e consubstanciaram-se em determinações e planos da Novacap para organização do território e distribuição de serviços públicos de abastecimento, educação e assistência à saúde no DF. A análise atenta sobretudo para o modo como as cidades-satélites foram concebidas nos anos iniciais da construção de Brasília.
O impasse na aplicação do Estatuto da Cidade: explorando o alcance do PEUC em Maringá - PR (2009-2015) | The impasse in the application of the City Statute: exploring the achievement of the CSBU in Maringa – PR (2009-2015)
Authors: Brajato Dânia , Denaldi Rosana
Published: February 2019

Este trabalho trata da aplicação do ‘Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios’ (PEUC) em Maringá (PR). Entre 2009 e 2013, o Município notificou para PEUC 705 proprietários de imóveis ociosos, com o correspondente em área a 14,5 milhões de metros quadrados. Desde 2011, Maringá aplica o IPTU progressivo no tempo. Para compreender os resultados alcançados, foram identificados, por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas, a lógica territorial de aplicação do PEUC, a resposta dos proprietários notificados e o comportamento do setor imobiliário em relação ao instrumento. Conclui-se que, no caso de Maringá, a aplicação do PEUC favoreceu de forma limitada a ocupação dos vazios urbanos e não contribuiu para democratizar o acesso à terra. Os limitados resultados alcançados relacionam-se com a aplicação do PEUC dissociada de uma estratégia geral de planejamento urbano inclusivo nos moldes do ideário da Reforma Urbana.
O processo de implementação do Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios: o caso dos imóveis não utilizados nos Distritos Centrais de São Paulo (SP) | The Implementation Process of Compulsory Subdivision, Construction or Utilization: the case of idle property in In the Central Districts of São Paulo
Authors: Costa Fábio Custódio , Santoro Paula Freire
Published: February 2019

Este artigo descreve o processo de regulação e implementação do Parcelamento, Edificação ou Utilização Compulsórios (PEUC) no município de São Paulo, após 2013, fazendo uma contextualização dos imóveis ociosos e aprofundando na caracterização, situação da notificação, argumentações dos notificados e descrição dos efeitos urbanísticos dos imóveis não utilizados em área central. Até fevereiro de 2018 foram notificados 1.384 imóveis, destes 709 considerados não utilizados, sendo que 645 se localizam nos distritos centrais. Alguns ainda têm prazo para cumprir a notificação; outros já estão recebendo o IPTU Progressivo no Tempo. O número é pequeno e os efeitos urbanísticos pouco evidentes, indicando a persistência de processos especulativos. No entanto, o processo de implementação mostrou-se inovador com caráter político-pedagógico, ao criar estratégias de regulação, procedimentos e conceitos – como o Plano Diretor Estratégico de 2014, leis e decretos que o acompanharam –, e espaços institucionais de gestão – como a criação do Departamento de Controle da Função Social da Propriedade (2013) – para o combate à ociosidade imobiliária.
Panel-based exhibit using participatory design elements may motivate behavior change
Authors: Lundgren Lisa , Stofer Kathryn , Dunckel Betty , Krieger Janice , Lange Makenna , James Vaughan
Published: February 2019

Meaningful science engagement beyond one-way outreach is needed to encourage science-based decision making. This pilot study aimed to instigate dialogue and deliberation concerning climate change and public health. Feedback from science café participants was used to design a panel-based museum exhibit that asked visitors to make action plans concerning such issues. Using intercept interviews and visitor comment card data, we found that visitors developed general or highly individualistic action plans to address these issues. Results suggest that employing participatory design methods when developing controversial socio-scientific exhibits can aid engagement. We conclude by recommending participatory strategies for implementing two-way science communication.
Comunicar las ciencias con miradas atentas
Authors: Fazio Maria Eugenia
Published: February 2019

Madurar acarrea nuevas libertades y desafíos. Este libro se ocupa, desde ocho perspectivas experimentadas y cuidadosas, de advertir sobre retos claves que se avecinan para la comunicación de las ciencias, crecida y aggiornada a la par de la tecnociencia.
Rearing conditions and health status of calves on small rural farms
Authors: Stojiljkovic Nenad , Micic Nenad , Gogic Marija , Zivkovic Vladimir , Cekic Bogdan , Relic Renata , Jezek Jozica
Published: February 2019

Good rearing conditions are the key factor for health and welfare of calves.
Diarrhea, respiratory and navel infections are commonly referred to as the
most common health problems in calves. The aim of this study was an
observation of rearing conditions and the occurrence of the most common
health problems in calves on small rural farms in Danube Region of Serbia.
Data were colected from 30 farms by surveying the farmers. The questionary
consisted of 75 questions pertaining to the following: general information
on the farm, and on calving, nutrition, weaning, housing, hygiene of space
for cows and calves, on calf diseases and diseases prevention measures.
According to the answers, the average number of all categories of cattle at
the fams is 18 heads. Calves are separated from their mothers immediately
after birth at 67% farms. They receive colostrum up to two hours after birth
at 47% of the farms and immediately after birth at 20% of the farms. Average
age of calves at weaning is 13 weeks. Calves begin to use hay usually
between the 1st and 2nd week of life, and a concentrated feed in 2nd week.
They are held in different types of pens. Farmers specified diarrhea and
respiratory diseases as the most common health problems in calves. Rearing
conditions at the farms often do not meet the recommendations and the
breeders do not implement all of the necessary preventive measures.
Corrections in this regard could contribute to better health of calves.
Prevalence, magnitude, and incidence of labial gingival recession with Herbst-multibracket appliance treatment: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Bock Niko C. , Ruehl Julia , Ruf Sabine
Published: February 2019

Objective:

To assess the prevalence and magnitude of labial gingival recession (LGR) before and after as well as the incidence during Class II:1 Herbst-Multibracket appliance (Herbst-MBA) treatment (Tx) plus retention in a retrospective cohort study.

Materials and Methods:

Records of Class II:1 patients who completed Herbst-MBA Tx (mean pre-Tx age 14.4 years) at Department of Orthodontics, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany were analyzed. Tx consisted of a Herbst phase (mean 8.1 months) and a subsequent MBA phase (mean 16.1 months). Study casts from before and after Herbst-MBA Tx plus ≥24 months of retention were evaluated.

Results:

A total of 460 pre-Tx and 222 postretention study casts were available (total observation period: 59.2 ± 14.8 months). The overall prevalence for teeth with LGR ≥0.5 mm was 1.1% pre-Tx and 5.3% postretention. The highest prevalence of up to 5.3% (pre-Tx) and 16.4% (postretention) were seen for the lower incisors. Overall, the median magnitude of LGR was 0.0 mm pre-Tx/postretention (mean: 0.05 mm/0.08 mm). Incidence values of 4.0% (all teeth) and 10.0% to 11.4% (lower central incisors) were calculated for LGR ≥0.5 mm.

Conclusions:

The prevalence of LGR ≥0.5 mm increased from, on average, 1.1% to 5.3% during ≈6 years of Herbst-MBA Tx plus retention. The highest incidence was seen in lower incisors (10.0%–11.4%). However, because of the overall mean magnitude of 0.08 mm postretention, the clinical relevance can be considered as insignificant.
Effect of fluoride dentifrices on white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: A randomized trial
Authors: Kau Chung H. , Wang Jue , Palombini Anna , Abou-Kheir Nadia , Christou Terpsithea
Published: February 2019

Objectives:

To determine the effect of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Tooth Crème, and MI-Paste Plus on the formation of white spot lesions in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods:

Three prospective groups with 40 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in each group were evaluated (total recruitment = 120 subjects). The selected product was brushed on for 2 minutes twice daily for 4 months. Subjects were reviewed for 4 months on a monthly basis. The Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) was used to determine the number of white spot lesions per surface at each visit.

Results:

100 subjects (35 using Clinpro 5000, 32 using Clinpro Tooth Crème, and 33 using MI Paste Plus) completed the study. The data lend strong support for Clinpro 5000 providing superior protection against enamel decalcification when compared to Clinpro Crème, and mixed support when compared to MI Paste Plus.

Conclusions:

The use of Clinpro 5000, Clinpro Crème, and MI paste Plus all have a reduction effect on white spot lesions when compared to studies reported previously. Clinpro 5000 has a marginally better effect than the two other test pastes. The results of this study can be used by clinicians when deciding the effectiveness of using fluoride dentifrice products to prevent white spot lesions in their orthodontic practice (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03440996).
Environmental Management Practices in Hospitality Establishments in Slow Cities: Akyaka Example
Authors: Farhadi Andarabi Feriyal , Tunç Hassan Azize
Published: February 2019

It
is easy to see that tendency to environmentally-conscious practices is
gradually increasing all around the world. Tourism sector inherently involves
activities that develop and grow in conjunction with natural environment.  As the criteria for Slow Cities are based on
the principles of sustainability, they would provide convenience to carry out
sustainable tourism activities in these cities. This study is aimed at
investigating the current status of accommodation establishments in Cittaslow
Akyaka in Ula county of Muğla province within the scope of environmental management
practices.  For this purpose,
face-to-face interviews have been made with executives of 6 accommodation
establishments in Akyaka. As a result of the research, it is determined that
the participants don’t have sufficient knowledge regarding environmental
management practices and their benefits. Another finding of the research is
that the accommodation establishments in Akyaka don’t differ from each other
with regard to their environmentally sensitive practices in terms of their
types. Training programs organized for the executives of accommodation
establishments within the scope of environmental management and practices may
support Akyaka to pursue the path of being sensitive to environment.
Kayseri’de Yaşayanların Şehir Marka Algılamaları
Authors: Sarıyer Nilsun , Altun Didem
Published: February 2019

Şehir markası,
kentin diğer kentlerden farklılaşmasını amaçlar. Kentin baskın ve ayırt edici
özellikleri ortaya konularak şehirde yaşayanlarla birlikte artı değer
yaratılmaya uğraşılır. Şehre yönelik yatırımlar teşvik edilerek ekonomik katkı
elde edilmeye çalışılır. Böylece şehrin ortak hafızası oluşturularak şehrin
tanınırlığının arttırılması hedeflenir. Görüldüğü gibi şehirlerin
markalaşmasında önemli unsurlardan biri, şehirde yaşayanlardır. Şehirde
yaşayanlar, şehri nasıl algılamaktadırlar? Bu konuda yapılan çalışmalar
incelendiğinde şehir marka kişiliği kavramıyla karşılaşılmaktadır. Marka
kişiliği, insani özelliklerin markayla ilişkilendirilmesi olarak
tanımlanmaktadır. Bu durumda şehrin marka kişiliği, şehir ile insani
özelliklerin eşleştirilerek markayla ilişkilendirilmesi olarak ifade
edilebilir. Bu çalışmada tüketicilerin içinde yaşadıkları şehri, insani
özelliklere göre değerlendirdiklerinde nasıl algıladıkları sorusuna cevap
aranmıştır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için Kayseri merkezde yaşayan 504 vatandaş
ile yüzyüze anket yapılmıştır. Anket formu hazırlanırken Aaker’ın marka kişilik
ölçeği baz alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında kullanılan örnekleme yöntemi,
tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemlerinden katmanlarına göre örneklemedir. Verilerin
analizinde faktör analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda Kayseri
merkezinde yaşayan tüketicilerin beş farklı boyutta (samimiyet, etkileyici,
yetkin, sosyal ve coşkulu) şehri konumlandırdıkları saptanmıştır.
Sosyal Medya Üzerinden Kültürel Etkileşimin Turizm ve Seyahat Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Semiz Çelik Derya
Published: February 2019

Hizmet
sektöründe küreselleşmenin artan etkisiyle işletmeler kültürel açıdan çeşitli
durumlar ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Kültürler arası etkileşimin en önemli
yaşandığı iş ortamı turizm ve seyahat sektörüdür. Bu sebeple turizm ve seyahat
hizmetlerinde kültürlerarası etkileşimin doğru yönetilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu
etkileşim için günümüzdeki yeni mecra sosyal medyadır.

Bu çalışmada
sosyal medya kullanımı, amaçları, kültürel etkileşimleri ve turizm seyahatte
etkisi başlıkları altında yapılacak bir araştırmayı kapsamaktadır. Bu kapsamda
sosyal medya kullanım davranışlarıyla oluşan kültürel etkileşim incelenerek bu
etkileşimin turizm seyahat etme kararıyla ilişkisi değerlendirilmiştir.
Betimsel istatistiklerin yanında korelasyon analizi ile veriler
değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak ciddi bir sosyal medya kullanım
alışkanlığının olduğu ve insanların sosyal medya üzerinde edindikleri
kültürlerden etkilendikleri görülmüştür. Bu etkininde turizm ve seyahat etme
kararıyla yüksek bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ülkelerin, turizmcilerin ve
tüm aracılar için potansiyel bir mecra oluşturan sosyal medyanın önemi saptanmıştır.
Azerbaycan’da UFRS’lerin Öğrenilme Süreci: Muhasebe Meslek Mensuplarına Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: Varıcı İdris , Hasanov İzmirkhan
Published: February 2019

Azerbaycan’da Uluslararası Finansal Raporlama
Standartları’na (UFRS) yönelik çalışmalar Azerbaycan Cumhurbaşkanının 26 Aralık
2002 yılında 827 Nolu kararının 6. maddesi uyarınca başlamıştır. Düzenleme ve
uygulamaya yönelik çalışmalar için Bakanlar Kuruluna yetki verilmiştir.
Azerbaycan’da UFRS’ye uygun düzenlenmiş Milli Muhasebe Standartlarına, türü
fark etmeksizin tüm işletmelerin uyması zorunludur. Milli Muhasebe Standartları
işletme türlerine göre ayrı ayrı olarak tasarlanmıştır.

UFRS’ye geçiş sonrası muhasebe meslek
mensuplarına ve öğretim kurumlarının muhasebe bölümlerinde okuyan öğrencilere
yönelik UFRS’nin öğrenilmesi ve uygulanması amaçlı çeşitli programlar ve
bilgilendirici eğitimler düzenlenmiştir. Ancak buna rağmen UFRS meslek mensupları
tarafından istenilen düzeyde öğrenilememiştir.

UFRS’nin istenilen düzeyde öğrenilememesinin
çeşitli sebepleri olabilir. Bu yüzden çalışmanın amacı, muhasebecilerin UFRS’yi
istenilen düzeyde öğrenememesinin sebebini, yaşadıkları zorlukları öğrenme isteklerini
araştırmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, muhasebecilerin cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim durumu, iş
deneyimi, mezun oldukları bölümler esas alınarak bu standartlara dair
görüşleri, istekleri, beklentileri, yaşadıkları zorlukların ortaya konulması
yoluyla değerlendirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.

Bu bağlamda, Azerbaycan’ın başkenti Bakü’de
faaliyet gösteren muhasebecilere yönelik anket çalışması yoluyla araştırma
yapılmıştır. Araştırmada anket sonuçları parametrik olmayan testlerle
değerlendirilmiştir. Cinsiyete göre 5 değişken, çalışma biçimine göre 5
değişken, yaşa göre 2 değişken, eğitim durumuna göre 2 değişken, mesleki
deneyime göre 1 değişken ve mezun olunan bölüme göre 4 değişken için anlamlı
olarak farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
The dynamic object and improvisational creative acts
Authors: Skaggs Steven
Published: February 2019

O objeto dinâmico possui um lugar proeminente na semiótica peirciana. Considerando-se que o objeto imediato é o objeto como é representado “no signo”, o objeto dinâmico é aquilo que determina o signo, que está por trás e proporciona agência ao intercâmbio semiótico e, por fim, sobre o qual o interpretante final eventualmente estabeleceria. Na certa, atos criativos improvisados, ilustrados aqui pelo exemplo do design de fontes tipográficas, o empreendimento criativo é uma das estilísticas inventivas. Como oposto aos empreendimentos de descoberta, tal como é encontrado nas ciências físicas, na qual busca-se uma realidade fixada por meio de árduas investigações pela “comunidade de estudiosos,” em atos criativos improvisados, ou “abertos,” não parece haver um “real” oculto. Improvisações inventivas são, muitas vezes, feitas em base individual e privada, em vez de uma base comunitária probatória. Em tais casos, o objeto dinâmico, se ele existir, é quase indistinguível da opinião, vontade, desejo, ou mero acaso. Esses processos de design, em especial, em seus estágios iniciais, são divergentes em caráter em vez de convergirem para um interpretante final. Isso dito, a semiose que ocorre mesmo nos mais divertidos e excêntricos processos de design começa, eventualmente, com um processo de conformação para a harmonia e unidade. Ainda que esse elemento restritivo emergente se adeque, até certo ponto, à noção de um objeto dinâmico, atos criativos abertos não podem ser totalmente explicados pelo simples objeto dinâmico peirciano que é um determinador alegado pré-existente do signo. O objeto dinâmico peirciano, que é o objeto dinâmico empírico, deve ser suplementado pelas duas variedades adicionais do objeto dinâmico: o motivacional e o estilístico/afetivo. Somente o objeto dinâmico empírico determina o signo; o objeto dinâmico motivacional desenvolve simultaneamente com o signo, enquanto o objeto dinâmico estilístico é, de muitos modos, determinado pelos signos.
“OLHA, EU ACHO QUE ASSIM, A GENTE FALA O PORTUNHOL PORQUE NÓS NÃO SABEMOS O ESPANHOL”: POLÍTICAS LINGUÍSTICAS EM FRONTEIRAS MULTILÍNGUES
Authors: Ribeiro Simone Beatriz Cordeiro , Oliveira Gilvan Müller de
Published: February 2019

Em cenários fronteiriços, o movimento de línguas e de pessoas ao transpor espaços vizinhos envolve e encobre uma realidade multilíngue, muitas vezes, suprimida por práticas monolíngues. Na Tríplice Fronteira Brasil, Paraguai e Argentina, na cidade de Foz do Iguaçu, é visível o contato com línguas de fronteira, imigrantes, indígenas, refugiados, maternas e estrangeiras, caracterizando um multilinguismo prático. Contudo, nem sempre essa riqueza linguística é valorizada e algumas línguas acabam sendo desprestigiadas por serem consideradas línguas fáceis pela semelhança com o português, como ocorre com a Língua Espanhola, cujo incentivo a sua aprendizagem é pouco promovido e incentivado. Diante disso, este estudo objetiva refletir sobre a inserção e o ensino da Língua Espanhola nas escolas municipais iguaçuenses, no Ensino Fundamental I, em uma perspectiva de educação em línguas. Para tanto, desenvolveram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, com equipes pedagógicas e professores, que foram analisadas a partir dos pressupostos da Sociolinguística e Politicas Linguísticas.
Design de Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem para práticas multiletradas: idealização, concepção e forma
Authors: Tanzi Neto Adolfo
Published: February 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o design (idealização, concepção e forma) de dois Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA), a saber, TelEduc e EdModo. Partindo da observação das interações (ferramentas e funcionalidades) propiciadas em cada ambiente, observamos que para o TelEduc o seu design foi baseado na sala de aula presencial, ou seja, nas relações de tempo e espaço (e poder) da escola do século XX, marcada apenas por letramentos escolares convencionais de ensino-aprendizagem e de pouca colaboração entre os seus usuários. Para o EdModo, observarmos que o seu design de ferramentas e funcionalidades foi pensado para propiciar o uso de diferentes modos de linguagem – textual, gráfica, sonora, com imagens estáticas e dinâmicas, com fácil comunicação/interação com outros meios tecnológicos característico de práticas multiletradas contemporâneas. Concluímos que os ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem devam, com suas funcionalidades/ferramentas, ou seja, seu design, propiciar para que diferentes transformações no modo de interação com o ensino-aprendizagem se estabeleçam, uma renovação dos sentidos do passado e a criação de sentidos futuros, que se aproximem da realidade digital vivida pelos cidadãos contemporâneos e de seus novos modos de significação.
“Bhakti” or “love” in the school of Ramanuja and Mawlana
Authors: Afroogh Mohammad Reza , Khajegi Ali Reza , Fahim Ali Reza
Published: February 2019

Na cosmovisão mística, a palavra "amor" denota um conceito amplo e de múltiplas camadas. Muitos místicos de diferentes nações consideram o amor como um dos princípios e lição básicos do mundo do misticismo. Muitos deles prometeram condições subjacentes no caminho da conduta e realização para a posição de conhecimento e certeza da majestade de Deus para o elixir do amor. Na escola de Mowlana, o amor tem um status elevado e a perfeição humana é possível pelo reconhecimento do Imam ou líder em combinação com o amor. Por outro lado, a maioria das escolas indianas era influenciada pela “Bhakti Marga”, que era mais proeminentemente exibida na Escola de Ramanuja, à medida que crescia nas obras do sul da Índia e Tamil, e conforme o movimento da “Nova Era” continuava. Portanto, neste artigo, vamos examinar a abordagem comparativa deste conceito com base nos poemas de Rumi e nos ensinamentos de Ramanuja. De fato, nosso objetivo é analisar as visões mútuas e diferentes de ambos os místicos sobre o amor e sua natureza.
Ocean Energy - A Clean Energy Source
Authors: Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong , Dong Van Huong
Published: February 2019

The world is constantly seeking new sources of energy to replace the use of coal and fossil fuels to generate electricity. And a strong source of energy from the ocean is one of the hopes of scientists around the world. Ocean energy is an endless renewable energy source for making electricity used for the world. Marine technology was once considered too expensive to be a viable source of alternative clean energy, especially compared to already developed products such as wind and solar. However, with the increased price of oil and the issues of global warming and national security, U.S. coastal sites are looking to add ocean energy to their renewable energy portfolios. This paper gives an overview of ocean energy technologies, focusing on two different types: wave, tidal. It outlines the operating principles, the status, and the efficiency and cost of generating energy associated with each technology.
Energy Audit of a Wheat Processing Plant in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Green Christian Raymond , Sodiki John I. , Nkoi Barinyima
Published: February 2019

In this study, energy audit of a wheat processing plant in Rivers State, Nigeria has been carried out.  A walked-through energy audit method was undertaken to identify the major sources of energy in use, identify the lapses in energy usage, identify areas to improve energy usage, determine the level of energy consumption of the various energy sources and recommending policy measures that will enhance energy savings in the industry. The analysis showed that eight defined unit operations were required for the production of wheat flour; Truck Loading, Intake or Storage, Cleaning, Tempering or Conditioning, Holding Bin, Milling, Finished Product and Packaging. The types of energy used were electrical, thermal (diesel and gas), and manual energies with proportions of 14.63%, 85.31% and 0.05% respectively of total energy input. Average energy intensity was estimated to be 1.3GJ/tonnes for the production of wheat flour for the 5 years (2011-2015) study period. The most energy intensive operation was identified as the milling process with percentage energy input of 44.39% (123837.60MJ) followed by Finished Product Storage process with percentage energy input of 36.17% (100885.92MJ). It was observed that the industry under review did not sufficiently utilize energy as the energy used ratio is below 1. This was as a result of some factors that contributed to energy waste and energy use inefficiency in the industry. Among these factors are: electric motor that dissipate much heat, use of electric motors that have been rewound more than twice and generation of electricity more than needed in the industry by some generators. The exergy analysis showed that the roller dryer accounted for the major loss in the process with an inefficiency of 44.8%.  The useful work was 5.3kJ; exergy loss expended is 15.68kJ in the roller dryer. The study concluded that energy is not sufficiently utilized in the industry resulting in high energy waste and high pricing of wheat flour products.
A Study of Pressure Gradient in Multiphase Flow in Vertical Pipes
Authors: Wordu David Nwobisi , Ideriah Felix J. K. , Nkoi Barinyima
Published: February 2019

The study of multiphase flow in vertical pipes is aimed at effective and accurate design of tubing, surface facilities and well performance optimization for the production of oil and gas in the petroleum industry by developing a better approach for predicting pressure gradient. In this study, field data was analyzed using mathematical model, multiphase flow correlations, statistical model, and computer programming to predict accurately the flow regime, liquid holdup and pressure drop gradient which are important in the optimization of well. A Computer programme was used to prediction pressure drop gradient. Four dimensionless parameters liquid velocity number (Nlv), gas velocity number (Ngv), pipe diameter number (Nd), liquid viscosity number (Nl), were chosen because they represent an integration of the two dominant components that influence pressure drop in pipes. These dominant component are flow channel/media and the flowing fluid. The model was found to give a fit of 100% to the selected data points. Hagedorn & Brown, Griffith &Wallis correlations and model were compared with field data and the overall pressure gradient for a total depth of 10000ft was predicted. The predicted pressure gradient measured was found to be 0.320778psi/ft, Graffith& Wallis gave 0.382649Psi/ft, Hagedorn & Brown gave 0.382649Psi/ft; whereas generated model gave 0.271514Psi/ft. These results indicate that the model equation generated is better and leads to a reasonably accurate prediction of pressure drop gradient according to measured pressure gradient.
Ageing of Aluminum Power Connectors Based on Current Cycle Test
Authors: Moustafa Ghareeb
Published: February 2019

The effect of current cycle on the behavior of contact resistance of clamped connectors was investigated experimentally to characterize the thermal behavior of the used clamped connector and optimizing the installation procedure in order to reduce contact resistance and ensure a lower temperature during normal operating conditions. The thermal network method is used for calculating the temperature rise of the connector when loaded by a current. The method is based on substitution of the connector geometry by a circuit consisting of thermal resistances, capacitance and heat sources. The temperature rise is determined using the network simulation program PSPICE with the corresponding thermal model libraries. The validity of the obtained results has been checked by comparing the computed values with those measured experimentally. The agreement was found satisfactory
The Morphological Changes of SnS Thin Films Deposited on Stainless-Steel Substrates at Low Temperatures
Authors: Yarce Leticia Treviño , Andres Enrique Rosendo , Trujillo Roman Romano , Ruiz Crisoforo Morales , Becerril Tomas Diaz , Gonzalez Rutilo Silva , Isasmendi Reina Galeazzi , Solis Antonio Coyopol , Salgado Godofredo Garcia
Published: February 2019

Orthorhombic tin sulfide (SnS) thin films have been deposited on stainless steel (SS) substrates by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) at 25, 35 and 70 °C with a deposit time of 8 hours each one. XRD analysis showed that samples obtained at 25 °C and 70 °C present very small diffraction peaks. This can be attributed in the case of the sample obtained at 25 degrees, that the crystallization process is not completed because the temperature is so low and in case of the sample deposited at 75 degrees, a redissolution of the material is carried out. However, sample obtained at 35 °C was polycrystalline with orthorhombic structure and preference plane (111). All samples showed the Raman vibrational modes TO and LO of the SnS and confirms that the samples do not have by-products. It was observed from SEM micrographs that the films consisted of spheres for the sample deposited at 25 °Candsmall flakes for the other samples. From diffuse reflectance measurements the optical band gap calculated was between 1.45 eV to 1.59 eV.