bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusion: A Revisionist Engendering?
Authors: Shih Chih-yu
Published: May 2022

A revisionist gender perspective detects how international relations are not always engrossed in the masculine style of sovereign, national, and power-oriented platforms. Rather, gendered biases can occasionally lead to certain results that are conducive to the easing of masculinity, and these results become visible at various levels: national, municipal, and corporate. In these instances, the actors—women and men alike, who have been conditioned by the patriarchal pedagogy and socialization—reveal a need and capacity to think and act relationally. Moreover, exactly because intelligent actors detect this intellectual and emotional need among all people, including presumably the strong, they can trigger a degree of transformation within a given temporal span and at a certain site.
Conclusion
Authors: Cooper James
Published: May 2022

The conclusion returns to the key themes of the book, which were first outlined in the introduction. Considering the study, this chapter argues that Anglo-American summitry in this period illustrate that when it came to domestic interests, one’s allies could be just as great a challenge – albeit subtler – than one’s enemies. It identifies three key points. First, that the importance of domestic policies and politics could be paramount at summits notionally focused on international affairs. Second, that there were clear differences between Reaganism and Thatcherism. Third – and finally –these issues arose from inevitable tensions between economic policies and the globalized economy. In the case of Reagan and Thatcher, summitry was not just a mechanism for diplomatic agreements, but a means to achieve broader political objectives.
The Johnson Orbit
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. , Birdwhistell Terry L.
Published: May 2022

Beginning with their elopement and marriage, Bess and Tyler found their lives swept into the orbit of Lyndon and Lady Bird Johnson, thanks to close family ties. The Johnson's held an elaborate reception for the young couple soon after their marriage. The 1960 election and inauguration of John F. Kennedy as president and Lyndon Baines Johnson as vice-president would become a major turning point in Bess and Tyler's lives.
White House Social Secretary
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. , Birdwhistell Terry L.
Published: May 2022

Following the assassination, Bess Clements Abell worked closely with Lady Bird Johnson to assure that Jacqueline Kennedy received support and consideration. Abell also assisted in making the White House into a home for the Johnson family on very short notice. Her colleagues remark on Abell's "southern charm" and ability to get things done. Even while she worked long hours Abell's two sons remember her as an attentive mother who often brought them to her White House office after school. Abell's handling of State Dinners and Country Fair on the White House lawn were highlights of her White House service.
Joan of Art
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. , Birdwhistell Terry L.
Published: May 2022

Eight years after leaving the Johnson White House Bess Clements Abell became Chief of Staff to Joan Mondale, wife of the vice-president. She used her considerable political skills and White House experiences to help Mondale become a national advocate for the arts, especially crafts.
Epilogue
Authors: Ritchie Donald A. , Birdwhistell Terry L.
Published: May 2022

Lyndon Johnson called Bess Abell the most efficient person working in his White House and added, "She should be in the cabinet." While such opportunities were closed to women at the time, she created an effective role for herself as White House social secretary. The epilogue briefly summarizes her accomplishments.
Manège to Field
Authors: Caramello Charles
Published: May 2022

Chapter 2, "Manège to Field" focuses on military dressage and equitation from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century with emphasis on the cavalry’s merging of French manège ("educated" or "High School") riding and training and English cross-country (or "outdoor") riding and training, and on the mutual influences and public rivalries among cavalry officers and theorists of horsemanship such as François Baucher, Le Comte d’Aure, and Gustav Steinbrecht. It contends that modern cavalry theory and tactics influenced not only late eighteenth-century dressage and equitation, but also the "new methods" that emerged in the mid-nineteenth century and that merged with "outdoor" horsemanship, effectively returning the training of horse and rider from the aesthetic to the martial.
Postscript
Authors: Caramello Charles
Published: May 2022

For six millennia, the horse has played a signal role in human history and, for the past half millennium, a decisive role in military history. In the modern era in Europe, from the Renaissance to the twentieth century, mounted warfare depended upon the formal training of military horses and riders, and, for at least two centuries, refined systems of ...
The New Deal and Western Kentucky
Authors: Humphreys George G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on the changes to western Kentucky associated with the New Deal and the important roles of leaders from the region in bringing about those changes. New Deal programs starting with the temporary closing of banks and federal banking reform followed by the Civilian Conservation Corps, various relief programs, the Works Progress Administration, and rural electrification and the Tennessee Valley Authority were welcomed by residents in western Kentucky. New Deal provisions encouraging labor unions in the coal mines of the region had a profound impact on the coal industry. Governors Ruby Laffoon and Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler, both from western Kentucky played major roles in implementing reforms in Kentucky. U.S. Senator Alben Barkley from Paducah was a major supporter of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the New Deal, giving a keynote address at the 1932 Democratic national convention and supporting Roosevelt in his 1937 fight with the Supreme Court before becoming that summer Senate Majority Leader. Considerable attention is paid to local efforts to secure road and bridge improvements.
Happy Days and the Last Hurrah of State Democratic Party Factionalism
Authors: Humphreys George G.
Published: May 2022

This chapter covers Kentucky Democratic politics of the 1950s and 1960s when factionalism prevailed. The two factions were led by former governor and baseball commissioner Happy Chandler and Earle Clements, both of whom were raised in western Kentucky. Factionalism prevailed for nearly two decades ending with the election of the state’s first Republican governor in 1967. The period was important for the construction of an outstanding state park system, construction of interstate highways and toll roads in western Kentucky, both of which were closely associated with Paducah’s Henry Ward, and passage of a state sales tax (30 years after it was passed by Governor Laffoon and repealed by Governor Chandler). Higher education expanded at the region’s two four-year colleges and creation of Henderson and Hopkinsville Community Colleges. With cheap electricity associated with TVA, there was substantial industrial expansion. Kentucky separated from other Southern states in accepting school integration, at least at the state level, while there was considerable resistance in western Kentucky. During Governor Edward T. "Ned" Breathitt’s term, Kentucky became the first state to pass civil rights legislation dealing with public accommodations, giving Kentucky considerable enforcement over the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964.
From Democratic Resurgence to the Collapse of the Gibraltar of Kentucky Democracy
Authors: Humphreys George G.
Published: May 2022

The election of Republican Louie B. Nunn and 1967 was followed by a series of Democratic wins that ended finally in 2003. Nunn’s defeat, largely a product of his 2 cent sales tax increase, was followed by the final two of seven western Kentucky governors covered in this book. The second half of the 20th century was associated with considerable progress in the private and public sectors of western Kentucky. Construction of Barkley Dam on the lower Cumberland River created two of the world’s largest manmade lakes, and creation of a national recreation area between the lakes created a very vibrant tourist and sporting center. Expectations associated with Land Between the Lakes and the uranium enrichment plant outside of Paducah, along with the challenges faced by the area’s legacy tobacco and coal sectors brought a halt to growth in western Kentucky. This was reflected in significant population losses in many counties and struggles by Democrats to hold onto the region. In 1994, following a series of national and statewide scandals involving area politicians, western Kentucky elected Republican congressmen in 1994. Western Kentucky was no longer the Gibraltar of Kentucky Democracy.
SLAPP: Abuse of the right to judicial protection with the aim of restricting freedom of expression
Authors: Zdravković Ana
Published: May 2022

SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuits Against Public Participation) is a phenomenon that has been present around the world for decades, threatening various human rights and freedoms and undermining the very meaning and the purpose of judicial protection of rights. Considering that conducted research indicated a high probability of their presence in the Republic of Serbia, the aim of the paper is to present and analyze the notion of SLAPP, as well as to deliberate over some potential solutions that can be implemented in order to prevent use of this legal tool. After presenting numerous SLAPP examples from comparative case-law and analyzing the SLAPP concept, the paper turns to the rights that are most endangered by the submission of these lawsuits and provides an overview of relevant jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights. Results of the research show not only that ratified international instruments require prevention of abuses embodied in SLAPP suits, but also that the real purpose of these lawsuits can be achieved by using other methods, that will be more complicated to suppress. Finally, given that the initiative to combat this legal anomaly has already been launched within the European Union, the paper concludes that the Republic of Serbia should use the momentum and start tackling this issue sooner rather than later.
A diachronic analysis of hedging in non-native authors’ research article abstracts
Authors: Boginskaya Olga
Published: May 2022

A growing part of studies on English for academic purpose explores how English is used in non-Anglophone contexts. This article focuses on the under-researched context of Russia, where English has been used as a language of scientific publications only since 2010. The paper explores hedging devices in Russian authors’ research article abstracts from a diachronic perspective. The main focus is on quantitative and qualitative variations in the use of these linguistic means. It is assumed their distribution could change over time. Exploring functions of hedges and suggesting reasons for diachronic changes in their use are other research questions. The weakening intrusion of national Russian criteria of good writing and greater awareness of English academic norms due to the need to publish internationally have influenced hedging patterns in Russian authors’ research article abstracts. The study is based on a corpus of 120 research article abstracts from the field of linguistics published in two Russian journals in 2010-2020. The theoretical framework followed here is Hyland’s (2000) taxonomy of hedges, which offers a pragmatically-grounded method for analyzing hedging in academic discourse
Integration of Industry and Education Services Jilin Province "One Master, Six Doubles" High-quality Development Strategy: Introduction to 2022 Jilin Province University-Industry Collaborative Education Program
Authors:   Creative E-commerce (Shenzhen) Co., Limited, LI Changkui
Published: May 2022

This article introduces Jilin Province's University-Industry Collaborative Education Program from the aspects of project organization, first implementation, implemented years, work objectives, basic elements, basic conditions for enterprise participation, project types, key support directions, work flow, similar projects and enterprise cooperation education cases, etc. This article has certain significance for Jilin University-Industry Collaborative Education Program organization, apply, implementation and project closure.
Dividing communication, at the nanoscale
Authors: Ralowicz Amelia J , Hoppa Michael B
Published: May 2022

Fluorescent glutamate sensors shed light on the microscopic organization underlining spontaneous neurotransmission.
A Comprehensive Appraisal of the Farming Scenario in Riverine Areas of Lower Assam, India
Authors: Ahmed P. , Sarma B. , Choudhury M. , Nath R. K. , Ojah H. , Das K. , Sarma R.
Published: May 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to study the comprehensive appraisal of the farming scenario of Riverine (Char) areas of lower Assam based on prevailing climatic parameters, soil properties, present cropping patterns and farmers socio-economic conditions. Three Chars of the district, viz., Faujdar Char, Simlabari and Bamunpara Part IV were selected for the study. The study used a multistage purposive cum random sampling design. The average monthly temperature in the chars ranged from 18.9 to 28.6oC, which was usually suitable for most crops like sali paddy, maize, chilli etc. The analysis of physics-chemical parameters of the soil reveals a predominance of sand and sandy loam texture. The available N, P and K contents ranged from 84.2 to 108.5, 38.6 to 42.3 and 127.9 to 152.6 kg/ha, respectively. The average yield efficiency percentages were observed highest (320.21%) in potato. The per cent pest infestation was recorded as15-25% for almost all the crops studied.
Impact of Training on Adoption of Information and Communication Technology Tools in Agricultural Extension among Smallholder Cassava Farmers in Rangwe Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Dimo John Caleb , Wambugu Maina Stephen , Ndiema Alice Chesambu
Published: May 2022

The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools in Agricultural extension in Kenya is key to providing farm families with appropriate technical information and helping them develop skills for improved resource use in their agricultural activities to improve the efficiency of their value chains. The latent perk of ICT tools in the dissemination of agricultural information is not well exploited. Studies to assess the determinants of ICT tools adoption among smallholder cassava farmers in Kenya are limited. The aim of this study was to describe the level of access to training on ICT tools, the level of ICT tools’ adoption, and to determine the correlation between access to training and the use of ICT tools among the Small Holder Farmers (SHFs). A correlation research design was employed in this study at Rangwe Sub-County. The study used pretested structured questionnaire to collect data from 106 SHFs who grow cassava in the Sub-County. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science Version 25 to run Spearman’s correlation and descriptive statistics. From the results 36% of the respondents had used ICT tools in agricultural extension; only 37% had access to ICT training and a majority had received training once from a private extension system. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that a correlation between access to training and the use of ICT tools among the SHFs was statistically significant at a 1% level of significance (R = +.776**, P = .000, R2 =0.602). Training on ICT tools explained about 60% of the use of the tools among the SHFs. An increase in access to the training enhances the use of ICT tools in agricultural extension. The availability of training centers was recommended to increase the use of ICT tools.
The Pacific after COVID-19 and Its Potentials
Authors: Roedyati Joevi
Published: May 2022

Indonesia has to tamed the chances of world trade into its watering opportunities in the Pacific region, since Indonesia n. Many activities are done in the cultural, education and arts relations. Trade would be conducted by China and many direct and indirect investors from China, using their diaspora, are happening in the Pacific region. Bussiness activities were historically done by ex colonials powers and somehow replaced by China, in recent years.

The theory of Good neighbor policy”, that once was implemented by the U.S.A President to Latin American countries, suc as Mexico and Haiti, also done by so many other countries that tried to implement it mostly similar form. Indonesia, Australia and New Zealand as Pacific countries most close neighbors have so many to offer to the Pacific and East Asia, such as capacity building, technical experiences and other economic potentials; For example, by giving  simplification of custom procedures, facilities for export and import,and other policies
Evaluation of Newly Introduced Leaf Lettuce Genotypes under Mid Hills Conditions of Solan District of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Garg Jayesh , Thakur Seema , Vikram Amit , Dogra R. K. , Thakur Rajesh
Published: May 2022

Lettuce is one of the major leafy vegetables used in salads, soups and occasionally lightly cooked. Leaf lettuce has garnered a central role in human nutrition, as it combines pleasing organoleptic properties with a rich content of nutraceutical compounds. Leaf lettuce can bring about a diversification in the tomato/bell pepper production system in the summer season. The cultivation of lettuce has already started picking up in Himachal Pradesh in summers. The produce from hilly areas are available at time when these cannot be grown in the plains due to high temperature, thus bringing lucrative returns to the growers. Twenty two diverse genotypes of lettuce were evaluated in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications at KVK, Kandaghat, including standard check cultivar, Solan Kriti, to ascertain the extent of variability. The observations were recorded on various morphological and horticultural traits in leaf lettuce.   On the basis of studies, it was concluded that genotypes viz., KGT-1, Lettuce C1, KGT-5 and LS-2 Selection-3, performed better in terms of yield and other horticultural traits over the standard check, Solan Kriti. So, these genotypes offer an ample scope for their release in the mid hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh after multilocational testing.
Buprenorphine: Pharmacies limit doses out of legal fears
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

Is there a maximum dose for buprenorphine? Some pharmacies seem to think there is.
FDA warns consumers about cannabis cereal, candy look‐alikes
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2022

Children can easily mistake edible cannabis products as breakfast cereal, candy, cookies, and other commonly consumed foods, the federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned. Accidentally ingesting these can cause serious adverse events in anyone, but especially in children, the agency said in a May 13 announcement.
Heat‐Triggered Ferri‐to‐Paramagnetic Transition Accelerates Redox Couple‐Mediated Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Duanduan , Lu Mengfei , Liu Depei , Yan Shicheng , Zhou Wei , Zhang Lunyong , Zou Zhigang
Published: May 2022

Redox couple oxidation as an initial step of water oxidation may be key for high electricity consumption in the electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, a heat‐induced magnetic transition strategy is reported to speed up the oxidation kinetics of redox couples. The activation energy of Ni2+/Ni3+ redox couple oxidation is sharply decreased by heating the Ni0.67Fe0.33OxHy catalyst above a Curie temperature (Tc) of 70 °C. In such a strategy, heat instead of electricity drives the spin flipping of Ni2+/Ni3+ oxidation through heat‐sensitive ferri‐to‐paramagnetic spin state changes. As a result of magnetic transition‐assisted efficient heat‐electricity coupling, Ni0.67Fe0.33OxHy exhibits the lowest OER overpotential of 221 mV at 100 mA cm−2 at 90 °C in alkaline electrolytes, outperforming the benchmark IrO2 catalyst. The findings provide new insights into the design of efficient heat–electricity complementary OER devices.
A Print‐and‐Fuse Strategy for Sacrificial Filaments Enables Biomimetically Structured Perfusable Microvascular Networks with Functional Endothelium Inside 3D Hydrogels
Authors: Ryma Matthias , Genç Hatice , Nadernezhad Ali , Paulus Ilona , Schneidereit Dominik , Friedrich Oliver , Andelovic Kristina , Lyer Stefan , Alexiou Christoph , Cicha Iwona , Groll Jürgen
Published: May 2022

A facile and flexible approach for the integration of biomimetically branched microvasculature within bulk hydrogels is presented. For this, sacrificial scaffolds of thermoresponsive poly(2‐cyclopropyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PcycloPrOx) are created using melt electrowriting (MEW) in an optimized and predictable way and subsequently placed into a customized bioreactor system, which is then filled with a hydrogel precursor solution. The aqueous environment above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PcycloPrOx at 25 °C swells the polymer without dissolving it, resulting in fusion of filaments that are deposited onto each other (print‐and‐fuse approach). Accordingly, an adequate printing pathway design results in generating physiological‐like branchings and channel volumes that approximate Murray's law in the geometrical ratio between parent and daughter vessels. After gel formation, a temperature decrease below the LCST produces interconnected microchannels with distinct inlet and outlet regions. Initial placement of the sacrificial scaffolds in the bioreactors in a pre‐defined manner directly yields perfusable structures via leakage‐free fluid connections in a reproducible one‐step procedure. Using this approach, rapid formation of a tight and biologically functional endothelial layer, as assessed not only through fluorescent dye diffusion, but also by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) stimulation, is obtained within three days.
Recording Temperature with Magnetic Supraparticles
Authors: Reichstein Jakob , Müssig Stephan , Bauer Hannes , Wintzheimer Susanne , Mandel Karl
Published: May 2022

Small‐sized temperature indicator additives autonomously record temperature events via a gradual irreversible signal change. This permits, for instance, the indication of possible cold‐chain breaches or failure of electronics but also curing of glues. Thus, information about the materials’ thermal history can be obtained upon signal detection at every point of interest. In this work, maximum‐temperature indicators with magnetic readout based on micrometer‐sized supraparticles (SPs) are introduced. The magnetic signal transduction is, by nature, independent of the materials’ optical properties. This facilitates the determination of valuable temperature information from the inside, that is, the bulk, even of dark and opaque macroscopic objects, which might differ from their surface. Compared to state‐of‐the‐art optical temperature indicators, complementary magnetic readout characteristics ultimately expand their applicability. The conceptualized SPs are hierarchically structured assemblies of environmentally friendly, inexpensive iron oxide nanoparticles and thermoplastic polymer. Irreversible structural changes, induced by polymer softening, yield magnetic interaction changes within and between the hierarchic sub‐structures, which are distinguishable and define the temperature indication mechanism. The fundamental understanding of the SPs’ working principle enables customization of the particles’ working range, response time, and sensitivity, using a toolbox‐like manufacturing approach. The magnetic signal change is detected self‐referenced, fast, and contactless.
Hybrid Nanocomposites of All‐Inorganic Halide Perovskites with Polymers for High‐Performance Field‐Effect‐Transistor‐Based Photodetectors: An Experimental and Simulation Study
Authors: Sulaman Muhammad , Yang Shengyi , Song Yong , Bukhtiar Arfan , Hu Jinming , Zhang Zhenheng , Jiang Yurong , Cui Yanyan , Tang Libin , Zou Bingsuo
Published: May 2022

All‐inorganic halide perovskites have recently emerged as a promising candidate for new‐generation optoelectronics. The device performance of solution‐processed photodetectors critically depends on the surface morphology and film features, however, the behind mechanism is not clear till now. In this paper, a feasible method for surface‐passivating all‐inorganic halide perovskites with poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the photoactive layer for field‐effect transistor (FET)‐based photodetectors is presented, and the underlying mechanisms to enhance device performance are investigated by experimental and simulating study. As the result, a high photoresponsivity of 469 A W−1 with a specific detectivity of 1.34 × 1014 Jones is obtained under 0.4 mW cm−2 405 nm illumination for FET‐based photodetector Au(S&D)/CsPbBr3:P3HT/PMMA/Al(G). This experimental and simulating study shows that the enhanced‐performance origins from improving the photogenerated charge carriers transportation and suppressing the dark current through the photodetectors.
Highly Sensitive and Topologically Robust Multimode Sensing on Spoof Plasmonic Skyrmions
Authors: Li Xinhua , Liu Liangliang , Zhou Zixiang , Shen Jinrui , Zhang Yaoran , Han Guodong , Li Zhuo
Published: May 2022

Recent concept of spoof plasmonic skyrmions has attracted much attention for their topologically robust and multiple equidistance sharp resonances. However, highly‐efficient excitation and its implementations for broadband sensing still remain elusive. Traditional resonant measurements for characterizing dielectric materials in a closed metal cavity are accurate, but are often limited to narrow band of frequencies. Additionally, samples must be carefully prepared and precisely placed in the cavity. In this paper, a topologically robust and ultracompact sensor based on spoof plasmonic skyrmions is developed for characterizing dielectric materials in a wideband with ultrahigh sensitivity. By simply feeding a coaxial probe vertically to the surface center of the skyrmions structure, topologically robust multimode plasmonic skyrmions resonance spectra can be excited and captured with high efficiency. Simulation and experimental results of three skyrmions sensors in different shapes (circle, square, and hexagon) with equal effective length demonstrate that spoof plasmonic skyrmions sensor features are highly sensitive (>4.82%) and extremely accurate (≈99.99%) sensing performance against continuous shape deformations. These results open up an avenue for multiple resonant measurements of dielectric materials in broadband and provide a very versatile platform for the design and fabrication of ultracompact and topologically robust plasmonic sensors.
Polarization‐Selective Ultra‐Broadband Reflective Diffuser as a Smart Projection Screen
Authors: Lin Kuan-Wu , Wang Chun-Chuan , Tseng Heng-Yi , Chang Li-Min , Li Cheng-Chang , Wang Chun-Ta
Published: May 2022

Herein, active smart screens are increasingly investigated to enhance projection‐type transparent displays owing to the high contrast ratio generated by their switchability between projection and transparent states. Despite the development of various active smart screens, most screens employ the scattering state as the projection state, which suffers from low reflectance of the projection state and optical interference with background light. Herein, an active smart screen composed of a passive polymer‐stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal (PSCLC) diffuser and an active polarization modulator (PM) is proposed. The PSCLCs enabled by the chiral monomer have a pitch‐gradient helical structure, wherein liquid crystal molecules form a multi‐domain planar texture and exhibit a broadband reflection band over the entire visible spectrum; their natural circular polarization selectivity facilitates the operation between projection and transparent states when the PSCLC is observed using opposite‐handed circular polarized light. Unlike traditional active smart screens, both transparent and projection states of the PSCLC diffuser can be switched by driving the PM, thereby eliminating the issue of background interference. The proposed active projection screen based on the polarization‐selective PSCLC can potentially improve the display quality of existing projection‐type transparent displays and form the basis for see‐through windows and near‐eye display applications.
Developing Y‐Branched Polymer Acceptor with 3D Architecture to Reconcile Between Crystallinity and Miscibility Yielding >15% Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Jingjing , Zhu Lei , Xiong Xia , Liu Feng , Liang Ziqi
Published: May 2022

In all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs), there remains such a dilemma that obtains good miscibility and crystallinity simultaneously. Herein a new family of Y‐shape polymer acceptor, namely PYTT is developed, which is copolymerized from Y6 and benzotrithiophene units in three‐way directions. Benefiting from its high‐density end‐chains and extended π‐conjugation thanks to highly‐branched 3D architecture, PYTT displays better organic solubility despite much higher molecular weights, larger crystallinity, and tighter π‐stacking than the linear counterpart—PYT comprising Y6 and thiophene moieties, while showing identical optical absorption yet threefold higher photoluminescence intensity. In PYTT blend film with PM6 polymer donor, the interpenetrating nano‐fibrillar structures are formed with well‐intermixed polymeric domain sizes close to the exciton diffusion length, which is greatly conducive to exciton dissociation and charge transport in device. Consequently, PYTT‐based all‐PSCs exhibit all increased photovoltaic parameters, yielding a decent power conversion efficiency of 15.60%, which is ≈20% enhancement over PYT‐based device, along with low nonradiative loss of 0.221 meV.
Topological Surface‐Dominated Spintronic THz Emission in Topologically Nontrivial Bi1−xSbx Films
Authors: Park Hanbum , Rho Seungwon , Kim Jonghoon , Kim Hyeongmun , Kim Dajung , Kang Chul , Cho Mann‐Ho
Published: May 2022

Topological materials have significant potential for spintronic applications owing to their superior spin–charge interconversion. Here, the spin‐to‐charge conversion (SCC) characteristics of epitaxial Bi1−xSbx films is investigated across the topological phase transition by spintronic terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. An unexpected, intense spintronic THz emission is observed in the topologically nontrivial semimetal Bi1−xSbx films, significantly greater than that of Pt and Bi2Se3, which indicates the potential of Bi1−xSbx for spintronic applications. More importantly, the topological surface state (TSS) is observed to significantly contribute to SCC, despite the coexistence of the bulk state, which is possible via a unique ultrafast SCC process, considering the decay process of the spin‐polarized hot electrons. This means that topological material‐based spintronic devices should be fabricated in a manner that fully utilizes the TSS, not the bulk state, to maximize their performance. The results not only provide a clue for identifying the source of the giant spin Hall angle of Bi1−xSbx, but also expand the application potential of topological materials by indicating that the optically induced spin current provides a unique method for focused‐spin injection into the TSS.
A Small Molecule Selected from a DNA‐Encoded Library of Natural Products That Binds to TNF‐α and Attenuates Inflammation In Vivo
Authors: Wang Shuyue , Shi Xiaojie , Li Jie , Huang Qianping , Ji Qun , Yao Ying , Wang Tao , Liu Lili , Ye Min , Deng Yun , Ma Peixiang , Xu Hongtao , Yang Guang
Published: May 2022

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) inhibitors have shown great success in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. However, to date, approved drugs targeting TNF‐α are restricted to biological macromolecules, largely due to the difficulties in using small molecules for pharmaceutical intervention of protein–protein interactions. Herein the power of a natural product‐enriched DNA‐encoded library (nDEL) is exploited to identify small molecules that interfere with the protein–protein interaction between TNF‐α and the cognate receptor. Initially, to select molecules capable of binding to TNF‐α , “late‐stage” DNA modification method is applied to construct an nDEL library consisted of 400 sterically diverse natural products and pharmaceutically active chemicals. Several natural products, including kaempferol, identified not only show direct interaction with TNF‐α, but also lead to the blockage of TNF‐α/TNFR1 interaction. Significantly, kaempferol attenuates the TNF‐α signaling in cells and reduces the 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetateinduced ear inflammation in mice. Structure‐activity‐relationship analyses demonstrate the importance of substitution groups at C‐3, C‐7, and C‐4' of kaempferol. The nDEL hit, kaempferol, represents a novel chemical scaffold capable of specifically recognizing TNF‐α and blocking its signal transduction, a promising starting point for the development of a small molecule TNF‐α inhibitor for use in the clinical setting.
Light‐Fueled Submarine‐Like Droplet
Authors: Yang Yijing , Chen Rong , Zhu Xun , Ye Dingding , Yang Yang , Li Wei , Li Dongliang , Li Haonan , Liao Qiang
Published: May 2022

Flexibly and precisely manipulating 3D droplet transportation is a fundamental challenge for broad implications in diagnostics, drug delivery, bioengineering, etc. Herein, a light method is developed for manipulating a droplet to make it behave like a submarine. This light method enables flexible 3D transportation, stable suspension, and floating of a droplet, which can be freely altered. It is demonstrated that the localized photothermal effect induced thermocapillary flow in the water droplet/oil phase is responsible for energizing and manipulating the droplet. With such remarkable motility, the light‐fueled submarine‐like droplet successfully realizes various functions such as the acid‐base detection, particle capture and transportation, and target crystal collection, dissolution and transportation. It is demonstrated that the light‐fueled submarine‐like droplet shows promising perspective for long‐sought precise droplet manipulation in various applications.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Geminal Hydroborative Cyclization of Enynes
Authors: Tan Yun‐Xuan , Li Shijia , Song Lijuan , Zhang Xinhao , Wu Yun‐Dong , Sun Jianwei
Published: May 2022

Disclosed here is the first geminal (gem‐)hydroborative cyclization of enynes. Different from known hydroborative cyclizations, this process adds hydrogen and boron to the same position, leading to a new reaction mode. With [Cp*RuCl]4as catalyst, a range ofgem‐hydroborated bicyclic products bearing a cyclopropane unit could be rapidly assembled from simple enyne substrates. Control experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provided important insights into the reaction mechanism. Notably, two major competing pathways may operate with substrate‐dependence. 1,6‐Enynes favor initial oxidative cyclometalation to form a ruthenacyclopentene intermediate prior to engaging hydroborane, while other enynes (e.g., 1,7‐enynes) that lack strong propensity toward cyclization prefer initial alkynegem‐(H,B)‐addition to form an α‐boryl ruthenium carbene followed by intramolecular olefin cyclopropanation. This process also represents the first ruthenium‐catalyzed enyne hydroborative cyclization.
Combinatorial Self‐Assembly of Coordination Cages with Systematically Fine‐Tuned Cavities for Efficient Co‐Encapsulation and Catalysis
Authors: Li Shao‐Chuan , Cai Li‐Xuan , Hong Maochun , Chen Qihui , Sun Qing‐Fu
Published: May 2022

Controllable arrangement of different ligands in a single assembly will not only bring increased complexity but also offers a new route to fine‐tune the function of the designed architecture. We report here a combinatorial self‐assembly with enPd(NO3)2and three different ligands (L1–3), which gave rise to a family of six palladium‐organic cages (C1‐6) with systematically varied shapes and cavities, including three new heteroleptic (Pd5L12L2,Pd5L12L3,Pd4L2L3), one new homoleptic (Pd4L32) cages, and two known homoleptic (Pd6L14,Pd4L22) cages. Emergent functions due to the fusion of two half cavities on the heteroleptic cages from their parent homoleptic cages have been observed: the heteroleptic cages can form ternary complexes by co‐encapsulation of both aromatic and aliphatic guests, while their homoleptic counterparts can only form binary complexes. Such a forced co‐encapsulation effect endows the heteroleptic cages with enhanced catalytic power for the Knoevenagel condensation.
One‐Step Biocatalytic Synthesis of Sustainable Surfactants by Selective Amide Bond Formation**
Authors: Lubberink Max , Finnigan William , Schnepel Christian , Baldwin Christopher R. , Turner Nicholas J. , Flitsch Sabine L.
Published: May 2022

N‐alkanoyl‐N‐methylglucamides (MEGAs) are non‐toxic surfactants widely used as commercial ingredients, but more sustainable syntheses towards these compounds are highly desirable. Here, we present a biocatalytic route towards MEGAs and analogues using a truncated carboxylic acid reductase construct tailored for amide bond formation (CARmm‐A). CARmm‐A is capable of selective amide bond formation without the competing esterification reaction observed in lipase catalysed reactions. A kinase was implemented to regenerate ATP from polyphosphate and by thorough reaction optimisation using design of experiments, the amine concentration needed for amidation was significantly reduced. The wide substrate scope of CARmm‐A was exemplified by the synthesis of 24 commercially relevant amides, including selected examples on a preparative scale. This work establishes acyl‐phosphate mediated chemistry as a highly selective strategy for biocatalytic amide bond formation in the presence of multiple competing alcohol functionalities.
Preparation and performance for CO2 adsorption of large‐scale microporous fiber membrane based on electrostatic spinning technology
Authors: Ran Hongshun , Yan Wenhui , Tan Wenze , Hu Zhixin , Huang Changxin , Yang Shigang , Yuan Zixi , Chen Xueqin , Li Cao , Xu Ziqiang , Jiang Bingbing
Published: May 2022

Although nano‐porous materials are widely used, they are still difficult to prepare in large size and expand flexibly. In this work, a new method for the synthesis of porous materials is proposed. First, the block polymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Through electrostatic spinning, the fiber films were fabricated, then the fibers were modified by surface post‐treatment and related Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The pore and CO2 adsorption properties of the porous fiber films are characterized by nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm. In order to improve the pore properties and CO2 adsorption properties of thin films, the additives and pretreatment process are optimized. The maximum specific surface area of the porous fiber membrane is determined to be 640 m2/g, and the CO2 adsorption capacity is high up to 36.3 wt.% (8.68 mmol/g). Moreover, the porous fiber membrane derived from this strategy is superior in the aspects of large size, convenient adjustment and simple processing, which makes up for the drawbacks of traditional porous materials. The fiber membrane obtained by this strategy has high productivity, and the fiber membrane is easy to be postprocessed, which can be integrated into functional devices, and is widely used.
Reconstructing the historical distribution and local extinction of the giant otter Pteronura brasiliensis in the Atlantic Forest of South America
Authors: Garbino Guilherme S. T. , Siciliano Salvatore , Nascimento Fabio Oliveira do , Melo Fabiano Rodrigues de , Feio Renato Neves , Lessa Gisele , Emin‐Lima Renata , Costa Alexandra F. , Gonçalves da Silva Lucas
Published: May 2022

Quantifying the distribution of an endangered species in space and time is crucial for planning management and conservation actions. The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is an endangered South American mammal that is considered to be extinct in the Atlantic Forest biome.

Historical records of P. brasiliensis were used to reconstruct its original distribution in the Atlantic Forest biome. Based on the historical records and ecological niche models, the original distribution and amount of habitat area lost for the species were estimated. The potential impacts of dams in planning reintroductions for the species were also assessed.

Twenty‐six records of P. brasiliensis made between 1769 and 1999 were found. Most of the records are concentrated in the Paraná River basin. Only six records were based on voucher specimens and photographs. Areas in the southern (Paraná state, Brazil) and central (Bahia and Minas Gerais states, Brazil) Atlantic Forest were recovered as highly suitable for the species, even after considering the negative impact of dams.

The ecological niche models suggested that P. brasiliensis formerly occupied an area of 909,257 km2 in the Atlantic Forest. The forested rivers, along the upper Paraná basin, in northern Argentina and southern Brazil were the last refugia of the species. Pelt trade was probably a major factor in the species' disappearance, which is evidenced by the fact that Brazilian stakeholders, in Atlantic Forest sites, restricted giant otter hunting as early as 1948.

The results show that historical records and ecological niche models can be effectively combined and may guide in‐situ conservation actions by identifying potential areas for reintroductions.
Erfahrungen beim Bau von Verbundrahmen
Authors: Friese Friso , Gebert Gregor
Published: May 2022

Verbundrahmen ermöglichen ein mittelstützenfreies Überspannen unserer Bundesfernstraßen und erlauben durch einen hohen Vorfertigungsgrad eine Herstellung mit geringen Eingriffen in den Verkehr. Dies erhöht die Verkehrssicherheit dauerhaft durch den Wegfall des Anprallrisikos und gute Sichtbeziehungen und reduziert bauzeitliche Gefahren. Aus diesen Gründen haben sich Verbundrahmen in den letzten 20 Jahren als Standardlösung für Überführungsbauwerke etabliert. Auch im Zuständigkeitsbereich der DEGES wurde eine Vielzahl solcher Bauwerke errichtet. Trotz äußerlich ähnlichem Erscheinungsbild werden diese Bauwerke in Bezug auf den gewählten Querschnitt, die Herstellung und spezifische konstruktive Details sehr unterschiedlich ausgebildet. Um einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Konstruktionsarten und deren Vorteile zu erhalten, wurden die in den letzten fünf Jahren bei der DEGES errichteten Verbundrahmen systematisch ausgewertet. Im folgenden Bericht werden die Ergebnisse dieser Auswertung zusammengefasst und Empfehlungen für künftige Projekte abgeleitet.
Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival trends in esophageal neuroendocrine carcinomas: A population‐based study
Authors: Chen Chuyan , Hu Haiyi , Zheng Zhibo , Yang Yi , Chen Wei , Qiao Xinwei , Li Peng , Zhang Shutian
Published: May 2022

Background

Esophageal neuroendocrine carcinoma (ENEC) is an extremely rare type of malignancy. Clinical data of ENEC are limited to case reports and case series. More information is needed on its clinical feature, management, and prognosis.

Methods

This study collected information of ENEC patients diagnosed pathologically from 2010 to 2018. Data including demographic information, clinical features, and survival trends were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA/SE 15.1, SPSS 25.0, and GraphPad Prism 8.

Results

A total of 283 ENEC patients were included in this study. The small‐cell and large‐cell subtypes of ENEC possess similar clinical features. The lower third of the esophagus (58%) was the most common location of ENEC. At the time of diagnosis, most ENEC patients were AJCC 7th stage IV (48.1%). Metastasis occurred in more than half of the ENEC patients (53.4%), and the most common metastatic site was the liver (37.1%). Compared with poorly differentiated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), another aggressive malignancy of the esophagus sometimes confused with ENEC because of similar histological features, our study showed differences in tumor location and metastatic rate, but similar poor survival rates. Multivariate survival analysis showed that ENEC located at the middle third of esophagus (p = 0.013), “Brain metastasis” (p = 0.019), and “Liver metastasis” (p < 0.001) were independent predictors of worse outcomes. “Surgery” (p = 0.003), and “Chemotherapy” (p < 0.001) were associated with better survival.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of patients with newly diagnosed ENEC presented with metastatic disease. Predictors of poor survival included tumor location, brain metastasis, and liver metastasis. ENEC and poorly differentiated ESCC share certain histological features, but differ in tumor location and metastatic rate. Yet, no standard treatment strategy has been established, but surgery and chemotherapy were related to better outcomes.
Listeria endocarditis and spondylodiscitis: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Randrianarisoa Rova Malala Fandresena , Ramanandafy Hervéat , Mania Alexandre , Benelhadj Assia Djelloul , Clément Mélissa , Sabbagh Lara , Vernet Pierre , Monjanel Hélène , Trouillier Sébastien
Published: May 2022

A 75‐year‐old man with an aortic bioprosthesis was admitted with polyarthritis in a non‐febrile setting. Blood cultures were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. The diagnosis of Listeria endocarditis and spondylodiscitis was evoked. These are two unusual forms of listeriosis. The evolution was favorable after antibiotic therapy.
Chiral separation of dipeptides on Cinchona‐based zwitterionic chiral stationary phases under buffer‐free reversed‐phase conditions
Authors: Asnin Leonid , Herciková Jana , Lindner Wolfgang , Klimova Yana , Ziganshina Daria , Reshetova Elena , Kohout Michal
Published: May 2022

Chiral zwitterion ion exchangers represent efficient chiral stationary phases for stereoselective resolution of various analytes including chiral acids, bases, and zwitterions. In this contribution, we have focused on utilization of chiral zwitterionic sorbents, denoted as ZWIX (+A) and ZWIX (−A). These are analogical chiral systems to commercially available columns, Chiralpak ZWIX (+) and Chiralpak ZWIX (−), which are usually operated with buffered mobile phases. In this contribution, we have studied the enantiorecognition power of the ZWIX (+A) and ZWIX (−A) columns on a series of dipeptides operated under buffer‐free reversed‐phase conditions. Retention characteristics of zwitterionic dipeptides are discussed using an electrostatically driven adsorption model, which provides a good fit with both monotonous and U‐shaped curves.
Does integrated reporting quality matter to capital markets? Empirical evidence from voluntary adopters
Authors: Leukhardt Luca , Charifzadeh Michel , Diefenbach Fabian
Published: May 2022

This study examines the relevance of integrated reporting quality (IRQ) to capital markets. We investigate whether IRQ benefits capital market participants by improving a firm's information environment, using analyst earnings forecast accuracy as a proxy. Our study focuses specifically on companies that publish integrated reports on a voluntary basis. Based on a scoring model, we assess IRQ and its effects with data from 2015 to 2019 of 101 companies. The results indicate no significant relationship between IRQ and analyst earnings forecast accuracy. Thus, IRQ does not appear to improve a firm's information environment, at least not currently in a voluntary setting. Drawing on previous literature in the field, this study further concludes that integrated reporting (IR) in general has not yet reached its full potential in benefitting capital markets. Potential implications of our results are that the standard setters should work to improve the specificity and rigor of their guidelines, and analysts should become more involved in developing IR guidelines to make them more relevant to their information needs. IR seems to unfold its benefits better in mandatory settings, which could call for regulators to make IR mandatory.