bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Itamar Even Zohar’ın çoğuldizge kuramı ışığında Ahmed Saadavi’nin “Frankenstein Bağdat’ta” adlı eseri’nin incelenmesi
Authors: CANSIZ Tuba , ARKAN Zeynep
Published: February 2022

20.yy’ın başlarında, çeviriye ilişkin görüşler ve çalışmalar aracılığıyla çeviri, dilbiliminden ayrılarak bağımsız bir bilim dalı haline gelmiş ve çeviri biliminin kuramsal temeli atılmaya başlanmıştır. Çeviri bilim odaklı yaklaşımların gündeme geldiği bu dönem çalışmalarında ekinsel dizge ve erek odaklı kuramların yoğun ilgi görmesiyle çeviri ediminde yeni çalışma alanları meydana gelmiştir. Çevirinin kaynak kültürün aksine erek kültürün bir gerçeği olduğunu kabul gören betimleyici çeviri bilim çalışmalarının ortaya çıkmasında erek odaklı yaklaşımlar etkili olmuştur. Betimleyici çeviri kuramı alanında çalışmalar yapan kuramcılar arasında; Itamar Even Zohar, James Holmes ve Gideon Toury bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada da 2018 Arap Kurgu ve Fransa Büyük Fantestik Kurgu Ödülüne layık görülen Ahmed Saadavi’nin Frankenstein Bağdat’ta adlı eseri’nin Türkçe çevirisinden seçilen kesitler, betimleyici çeviri kuramcılarından Itamar Even-Zohar’ın “çoğul dizge kuramı” ışığında incelenmiştir. Araştırma yorumlayıcı paradigmayı esas almakta ve nitel araştırma yöntemine dayanmaktadır. Çalışmada başvurulan Ahmed Saadavi’nin Frankenstein Bağdat’ta adlı eserinin araştırmanın odak noktasını oluşturan Itamar Even- Zohar’ın “Çoğul Dizge Kuramı” bağlamında incelenmesi ile nitel çalışma desenlerinden biri olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen veriler doküman analizi tekniği ile toplanmış ve betimleyici analiz yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Ulaşılan bulgular kuram kapsamında “kabul edilebilir” ve “yeterli” çeviri kavramları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda çevirmenin her iki kültürde de kullanılan ifadeleri birebir çevirerek yeterli bir çeviri, kaynak kültürde bulunan fakat erek kültürde bulunmayan ifadeleri ise erek kültürde kullanılan yaygın ifade ve kullanışları ile aktararak kabul edilebilir çeviri yapmış olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu çerçevede çalışma yapmak isteyenlere kaynak eserin diğer dillere yapılmış çevirilerinin araştırılması ve çalışmada kullanılan kuramın ele alınmamış diğer kategorisinin incelenmesi önerilmiştir.
Single or Multiple Porosity Cut Off A New Relevance Provided By Application of A New Approach
Authors: Widarsono Bambang
Published: February 2022

Porosity cut-off is one of the most important parameter normally used to differentiatebetween reservoir and non-reservoir rocks. Quantity of the parameter certainly dictatesreservoir volumes, hence directly influences economics and commerciality of a given oil/gas field. An ever critical issue in relation to this parameter is whether the use of porositycut-off has to be established through a single or multiple values especially for heterogeneousformation rocks. This certainly may lead to different reservoir sizes along with thetechnical and economical consequences. The study presented in this article is meant to furtherinvestigate this question. The thrust of this study lies on the application of a newlyproposed method for determining porosity cut-off. It is put that with this new and reliablemethod – compared to the traditionally used method – a more conclusive answer can beachieved. For the purpose, a heterogeneous limestone reservoir in West Java – Indonesiais used. Evaluation, analysis, and application of the new method on data from the field’seight wells have shown that multiple porosity cut-off values are needed for better definitionsof reservoirs. Application of a single value for these reservoirs can still be regardedas unrepresentative. The fact underlines that – despite the new approach’s reliability –heterogeneity governs more over the use of either single or multiple cut-off values ratherthan limitations of method. The study also proves that the new method for determiningporosity cut-off works well for highly heterogeneous reservoir rocks.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF POROSITY DETERMINATION METHODS FOR OGIP IN FRACTURED BASEMENT RESERVOIR
Authors: Pasarai Usman Pasarai
Published: February 2022

Determination of porosity in fractured basement reservoirs has always been a challenge due to thecomplexity of processes involved in the generating of pore structure as well as the rock heterogeneity. As aresult, estimate of original gas in place (OGIP) is subject to substantial uncertainty. Intention of this studyis to evaluate the most effective method to determine fracture porosity and hence reducing uncertainty ofOGIP volume in the fractured basement reservoir. The evaluation is based on comparison to the core derivedporosity as the point of reference. Included in this evaluation are the techniques of secondary porosity index(SPI), dipole share imager (DSI), dual laterolog (DL), and formation micro imager (FMI). The SPI andDSI logs derived fracture porosities are found over optimistic to the core reference. The FMI determinedfracture porosities are considered in fair agreement with core data. Results from the DL technique comparevery favorably with core data and thought to be the best calculation of porosity in the fractured basementgas reservoir investigated in this study. Those results supported by data that have been collected from thepublished literatures. Found that typical value of fracture porosities in the fractured basement rocks isless than 1%. The comparative study presented here helps in reducing uncertainty related to the fracturedbasement reservoir development.
CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS OF POLYPROPYLENE PLASTIC FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES INTO GASOLINE FRACTION COMPOUNDS USING THE MIXED NICKEL (Ni) AND CHROME (Cr) METALS AS THE CATALYST
Authors: Morina Morina , Sidjabat Oberlin
Published: February 2022

Plastic wastes which come from municipal solid wastes, have been identi􀂿 ed as the worldwideenvironmental problem in the last decades. Chemical recycling is one of the alternative methods to solvesuch problem. Inorder to obtai appropriate liquid fuels, polypropylene plastic waste was degraded thermallyand catalytically in the presence of natural zeolite incorporated with chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) metals.The reaction was conducted in a 􀂿 xed bed reactor in the temperature range of 400-500°C. The dependenciesof process temperature and effect of catalyst on yield of the fuel fractions were determined and comparedto commercial gasoline fractions. The current study shows that the major product of thermal degradation(pyrolysis) and catalytic degradation is liquid (gasoline) fraction and the highest products obtained attemperature 450°C is approximately 77.84%. The use of chromium and nickel metals on activated naturalzeolite as a bi-functional catalyst enhance the yield of liquid fractions and the acidity of the catalysts. The liquid product obtained in this process was analyzed using GC for its composition. Synthesized catalysts, activated natural zeolite and natural zeolite were characterized by means of nitrogen physisorption (BET), porosity, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and acidity. Based on the obtained results, the catalyst containing 6% of chromium and 4% of nickel on activated natural zeolite is a good catalyst for conversion of polypropylene plastic wastes to liquid (gasoline) fuels. Catalytic conversion using such catalysts may applicable as an alternative method for recycling plastic wastes to more valuable commodities such as fuel oils.
STUDY OF ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY WITH ALKALINE SURFACTANT POLYMER INJECTION METHOD BY USING LABORATORY TEST
Authors: Tobing Edward ML , Ani Hestuti
Published: February 2022

One effort to improve oil recovery in oil reservoirs after primary and secondary recovery period is to apply the method of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). Screening of EOR on the characteristics of the reservoir rock and Àuid 'N' indicates that the suitable method is the injection of alkali surfactant polymer (ASP). This paper presents the results of laboratory tests to increase the oil recovery in the reservoir 'N' with ASP injection. The purpose of the laboratory testing was to determine the additional oil recovery by injecting a solution of ASP in the reservoir rock 'N'. Based on the results of compatibility, interfacial tension, rheology, thermal stability, filtration and static adsorption test on an ASP Àuid injection, the optimum concentration of each of the injection Àuid is obtained. Referring to the optimum concentration of the ASP, then the core Àooding test design based on a predetermined Àuid injection. The main result of the Àooding test cores showed an increase in oil recovery as much as 21.84% OOIP. When the results of the laboratory test was applied to the field scale by injecting Àuid into the reservoir ASP 'N', then the estimated potential increase in oil production as much as 11.457 million bbl.
RESERVOIR CHARACTERIZATION USING SIMULTANEOUS INVERSION TO DELINEATE HYDROCARBON RESERVOIR
Authors: Aryanto Muhamad Defi , Darsono Darsono , Julikah Julikah , Purba Humbang
Published: February 2022

Reservoir characterization analysis has been carried out for identifying lithology and Àuid content on TalangAkarFormation in South Sumatra Basin. Robust method that being used in this study is the simultaneous inversion which uses pre-stack gather and well log data from Puja A and Puja B. Elastic parameters resulted from simultaneous inversion are P Impedance, S Impedance and V / V ratio. Lambda-Rho parameter (lr) and Mu-Rho (mr) derived from P impedance (I ) and S impedance (I ). Lambda-Rho is sensitive to Àuid content while Mu-Rho to lithology. Area of interest in this study is Talang Akar Formation as reservoir which contains gas with Lambda-Rho (lr) between 5-15 (GPa*g/cc) and Mu-Rho (mr) 35-45 (GPa*g/cc). The ratio of P wave (Vp) and S wave (Vs) can be used as an indicator to determine Àuid saturation. Gas saturated rock has value of Vp / Vs lower than the water saturated rock. In this study, the ratio of Vp / Vs is 1.5-1.7 for gas saturated rock
Transurethral Resection of Prostate and Blood loss: Efficacy of Dutasteride in reducing perioperative blood loss.
Authors: Siddiqui Shakeel Haseeb uddin , Khalid Salman El , Mithani Muhammad Shoaib , Mehmood Abdul Wasay , Anis Khan Shariq , Yousuf Fakhir
Published: February 2022

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common urological cause of urinary obstruction, affecting men above 50 years of age. Medical therapy used for managing BPH includes various medical regimes, including 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARI), namely Dutasteride and more. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of four weeks' prior treatment with dutasteride on per-operative blood loss in patients of BPH undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate.

Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted from January to December 2019 at the Kidney Centre, Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 64 patients were included and divided into two groups. Group A patients were those who had been taking dutasteride (0.5 mg/day) for four weeks or more before surgery, and group B patients were not taking dutasteride drug before surgery. All patients underwent standard TURP, and the intra-operative blood loss was calculated. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0.

Results: In our study, there was a significantly less hemoglobin drop (1.2 gm vs. 2.2 gm) during prostate surgery in patients using dutasteride than those who were not using dutasteride.

Conclusion: This study has revealed that the use of dutasteride four weeks before surgery significantly reduces intra-operative bleeding.
Isolation, phenotypic characterization and genotypic identification of Salmonella species isolated from food and water samples in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Amber Memuna , Mohd Eash Effarizah , Ali Meerani Zulfiqar , Abbas Tanveer
Published: February 2022

Background: Foodborne illness is a global health problem, and Salmonella is one of the leading bacterial pathogens to cause salmonellosis and typhoid fever worldwide. These infections remain an obstinate risk to human and animal health despite substantial innovations and cleanliness practices. The high incidence of these infections is resulting not only from infected eggs and chicken but also from different food commodities. This research was designed in the direction of the certainties mentioned above and the high occurrence rate of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) infections in Pakistan.

Methodology: The study focused on the isolation and identification of Salmonella species from food and water samples collected from different regions of Karachi, Pakistan. The standard protocol of enrichment, culturing, and biochemical confirmation from Biological Analytical Manual (BAM) was used to characterize Salmonella's phenotypic isolation and characterization. These isolates were then subjected to Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and resolved on 1.5% agarose via electrophoresis.

Results: From the total of 1010 samples, 10 genotypically confirmed Salmonella isolates were obtained by detecting the invA gene by using PCR. Food items of different kinds exhibited 80% of the total positive isolates, while 20% is from the water sample.

Conclusion: The study exhibited the highest prevalence of Salmonella in chicken meat, which may indicate insufficient hygiene and sanitation practices during slaughtering and the supply chain. Incidence of Salmonella was also found in water and spices, signifying the improper sanitary systems and unhygienic handling of food items in many localities of the city, affecting human health.
Incision and drainage versus ultrasound guided needle aspiration in the management of lactational breast abscess.
Authors: Mansoor Bhatti Aisha , Iqbal Memon Amir , Naz Tarnum , Latif Sidra , Usman Sualeha , Gul Aisha
Published: February 2022

Background: Lactational breast abscess is attributed to higher morbidities among women, specifically from developing countries. Though many treatment options are available, still consensus regarding the modality yielding the best outcome is scarce. The study's objective was to compare the outcome of lactational breast abscess following incision & drainage (ID) versus ultrasound-guided needle aspiration (USGNA).

Methodology: This prospective comparative investigation was carried upon a sample of 59 female patients with lactational breast abscess (chosen via non-probability, consecutive sampling), presenting to the Department of Surgery at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. The patients were divided into two groups, namely Group A (ID) and Group B (USGNA). Data was documented using a structured questionnaire, including inquiries related to sociodemographic details, disease specifics, and treatment outcomes (mainly abscess resolution, uninterrupted breastfeeding and fistula formation).

Results: The results showed that 3 patients (5.08%) from group A developed mammary fistula, 26 (44.06%) with complete resolution, and only 1 (1.69%) patient attained uninterrupted breastfeeding. In group B, there was full resolution in 28 (47.45%) patients, and the abscess of 2 (3.38%) patients did not completely resolve, while 28 (47.45%) attained uninterrupted breastfeeding.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that USGNA yields a better outcome in the treatment of lactational breast abscess in terms of lesser incidence of fistula development, the better probability of complete resolution and a significantly higher rate of attainments of the ability to breastfeed uninterruptedly.
Open diaphyseal fracture of the tibia in Pakistani adults: A comparative study of Plaster of Paris cast vs. Naseer Awais external fixator.
Authors: Kumar Beesham , Bhutto Irshad , Syed Muhammad Ali  , Kumar Ashok , Butt Siraj Amed , Memon Abbas , Ahmed Memon Iftikhar , Yasir Ali
Published: February 2022

Background: The management of open tibial diaphyseal fractures is the most challenging glitch faced by orthopedic surgeons. For open or comminuted fractures, external fixation remains the gold standard. This study aimed to assess the treatment response of fixators by comparing the results of open diaphyseal tibial fracture stabilization in adults by Plaster of Paris (POP) cast versus Naseer Awais External Fixator (NAEF).

Methodology: A single-center, prospective study was conducted at the leading teaching institute and tertiary care hospital of Jamshoro and Hyderabad, Pakistan. A total of 30 patients having an open diaphyseal fracture of the tibia were randomly assigned to two groups (Group A-POP cast and Group B to NAEF; n=15 each). Duration of hospital stay and postoperative complications (like wound infection, union rate, and functional outcome) were compared between groups.

Results: On average, group A patients stayed in the hospital for 3.65 weeks, while group B patients stayed for 2.49 weeks (p=0.004). Wound infections were observed in 26.7% and 53.3% of the patients in group A and B, respectively. No significant difference in the adequate callus formation (i.e. union) and good functional outcome was observed among patients of group A and B (p>0.05).  

Conclusion: The use of NAEF for open diaphyseal fractures of the tibia has a significant advantage over POP cast in reducing the duration of hospital stay. However, no significant differences were observed in wound infection, union rate and time, and functional outcome.
Frequency of morbidity, mortality and renal trauma in blunt and firearm accidents in pediatric population.
Authors: Ahmed Quraishi Mumtaz , Somroo Kashifuddin Qayoom , Chand Rewa , Rajar Zakir Hussain , Idrees Memon Imran , Yousuf Fakhir
Published: February 2022

Background: Renal Trauma is one of the significant causes of deterioration, morbidity, and mortality in the pediatric age group around the globe. Firearm injuries are among one of the essential causes for renal trauma. Overall, trauma is the leading cause of death and accounts for approximately 50% of mortality in children over 1 year of age. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the frequency of morbidity, mortality and renal trauma in blunt and firearm accidents in pediatric population.

Methodology: A total of 180 children, aged up to 15 years with blunt and penetrating trauma, including firearm injuries, were enrolled in our study. All patients with in the inclusion criteria of the study, who were presented in the emergency department were evaluated and resuscitated by a pediatric surgeon. Patients indicated with renal trauma were operated and were post-operatively managed in the pediatric surgery ward. All patients included were followed as an outpatient. The data of this descriptive case series were collected prospectively and was analyzed on SPSS version 22.0.

Results: Out of 180 patients 110 (61.11%) were male and 70 (38.89%) were female with mean age of 8.5 ± 2.9 years. Majority of the patients had blunt trauma (54.44%) followed by firearm injuries (60, 33.33%). While penetrating trauma were observed in 22 patients (12.22%). Overall Renal trauma was observed in 40 (22.2%) of patients. Out of 40 patients, 20 (50%) patients had blunt, while 14 (35%) had firearm and 05 (12.5%) had penetrating abdominal trauma. Majority of renal injuries were Grade II (60%) followed by Grade III (17.5%), Grade IV (12.5%) and Grade I (10%) injury. The major morbidities noted in firearm injured patients were surgical site infection that was reported in 33.33% patients, limb deformity in 6.66% and neurological deficit in 5% patients. Overall Mortality was observed in 6.6% patients and firearm injuries was responsible for 8.33%.

Conclusion: Firearm injuries are one of the significant causes of trauma in children. The renal trauma was observed in 22.2% of cases, and all were managed conservatively. The frequency of morbidity and mortality secondary to firearm injuries was high as compared to other studies.
Antimicrobial evaluation of modified herbal and allopathic dental rinse solution against virulent strains.
Authors: Yacoob Bawa Mariyah , Aqeel Afsheen , Asif Saima , Bano Saeeda , Abbas Tanveer
Published: February 2022

Background: Mouthwashes are antiseptic solutions and produce anti-inflammatory properties against periodontal infections in humans.  Several in-vitro studies have been performed against virulent strains, as evidenced by an appropriate knowledge about their quality, effectiveness and safety in this research. This study is designed to test the antimicrobial effects and evaluation of mouthwashes against pathogens involved in dental caries and oral infections.

Methodology: Rinse solution (Mouthwash) has been developed by three different formulations.  Anti-caries solutions were applied and checked against virulent bacterial and fungal pathogens. The antimicrobial effectiveness was identified using the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).

Results: Chemisol showed potential killing activity and a zone of inhibition against pathogens ranging in 21-30 mm, which comparatively have higher zones than biosol and herbisol. Biosol also indicated efficacy within 11-13 mm zone of inhibition against Salmonella typhi ATCC-14028, Salmonella enterica ATCC-6017 resistant to herbisol and chemisol. Moreover, biosol exhibited greater MIC against most microorganisms at direct concentration and 1:10 dilution compared to herbisol and chemisol.

Conclusion: The significant difference observed in the antimicrobial activities of herbal, herbal & allopathic combination and allopathic dental washes against pathogenic strains. This study concluded that proper gargling with mouth wash solutions reduces the risk of life-threatening strains from fecal water & food.
Prevalence of fear-avoidance belief in patients with neck and back pain seeking physiotherapy.
Authors: Afzal Jaweria , Yasmeen Samreen , Ishaque Farhan , Nazar Bakhtawar , Naz Areesha , Azhar Esha
Published: February 2022

Background: Fear-avoidance beliefs and signs specifically non-organics are considered the psychological factors that have been determined in playing a major role in the advancement of prolonged disability. The current study was directed to explore the prevalence of fear-avoidance belief in patients with neck and back pain seeking physiotherapy and identifying the superior level of fear-avoidance beliefs regarding work or bodily performances which causes chronicity and disability in patients.

Methodology: An observational study was conducted at the Institute of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi-Pakistan, from 1st Dec 2019 to 29th Feb 2020. Standard Fear Avoidance Belief Questionnaire (FAB-Q) was used to assess the fear level. The queries determined from the questionnaire were distributed into two types; FABQ-work-related and FABQ-physical activity-related. 

Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 45.76 ± 13.75 years. 39.0% patients reported neck pain, whereas 61.0% reported back pain. The prevalence of fear-avoidance belief related to physical activity was 90% and related to work was 91%. The results also showed a significant association between gender and work-related fear-avoidance belief with a p-value of 0.024 (≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: It is concluded that neck and backache sufferers show a high prevalence of fear-avoidance behavior of physical pastime and work score, confining their daily activities and not taking part in any bodily activities due to fear.
Effectiveness of ischemic compression pressure versus spray and stretch technique in the management of active myofascial trigger points of trapezius muscle.
Authors: Khan Urooj , Akhter Saeed , Khan Muhammad , Mirza Baig Aftab Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Background: Now, a days myofascial trigger points are tremendously occurring and become a stressful part of nearly any person at any time in a lifetime. This study compares the effects of ischemic compression pressure with spray and stretch technique to treat active myofascial trigger points of the trapezius muscle in patients with neck pain.

Methodology: A comparative interventional study was conducted at Dow University of Health Sciences from December 2016 and May 2017. Seventy patients (35 in each group) with active myofascial trigger points of trapezius were randomly assigned to group A (ischemic compression pressure) and group B (vapocoolant spray and stretch technique). Baseline and last session assessment of pain intensity, pain pressure tolerance, cervical range of motion and functional disability were measured through numerical pain-rating scale, algometer, goniometer and neck disability index, respectively.

Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in all dependent variables of study which were neck pain, cervical range of motion and pain pressure tolerance (p-value<0.05). Group A showed greater improvement in pain intensity (p-value 0.015), pressure pain threshold (p-value 0.000) and cervical range of motion flexion, left side flexion and right-side flexion (p-value 0.002, 0.000 & 0.004) than group B.

Conclusion: Both ischemic compression pressure & spray and stretch technique deactivated trigger points of upper fibers trapezius muscle in patients with neck pain, but the ischemic compression pressure was superior to the spray and stretch technique.
Comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling with dry cupping at upper trapezius muscle in patients with myofascial trigger points.
Authors: Shoukat Imran , Nawaz Fozia , Shoukat Khadija , Shoukat Muhammad Adnan , Shoukat Muhammad Usman
Published: February 2022

Background: Trigger points are palpable nodules or irritable spots present in the skeletal muscles, painful upon pressure. This study is concerned with the pain in the upper Trapezius muscle due to the formation of myofascial trigger points and to make a comparison of the effectiveness of dry needling with dry cupping for treating upper trapezius myofascial trigger points.

Methodology: Myofascial trigger points were diagnosed in 30 individuals in the upper trapezius. Subjects were randomized into Group-A (n=15) and Group-B (n=15) using the coin toss method. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after the termination of intervention using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI) and cervical joint range of motions (ROM). Patients from both groups received three sessions of treatment on alternate days in one week.

Results: Patients with both interventions resulted in significant improvement of NPRS (p=0.001), NDI (p=0.001), and cervical ranges of motion (p=0.001). However, between groups comparison of outcome measure showed no significant difference in NPRS (p=0.990), NDI (p=0.359), cervical flexion (p=0.457), cervical extension (p=0.382), right cervical lateral flexion (p=0.250), left cervical lateral flexion (p=0.792), right cervical rotation (p=0.336), and left cervical rotation (p=0.242) of motion.

Conclusion: The pre-and post-intervention results have concluded that both treatment methods effectively treat myofascial trigger points. There was no significant difference between the two groups for numeric pain rating scale, neck disability index scoring and cervical range of motions.
Effects of wearing modern hijab on cervical range of motion in female students in a private college of Karachi.
Authors: Aziz Khalid , Ali Seyyda Tahniat , Fahim Muhammad Faisal , Khan Rabia , Shahid Ghousia
Published: February 2022

Background: Cervical spine allow maximum and necessary movements for the functioning of head and sensory organs. Any issue with the flexibility and joint movement can be determined by assessing the cervical range of motion. Cervical range of motion (CROM) assessment is commonly used in clinical practice. The current study aims to find the effects of wearing a hijab on the cervical range of motion compared to the normal cervical range of motions.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among hijab-wearing female students from Bahria University Medical and Dental College, from November 2019 to January 2020. The study subjects were recruited using a CROM device. Hijab-wearing female students between 18–23 years of age who wear hijab for at least 3 months, with the duration of wearing hijab for at least or at most 6 hours/day were included in the study.

Results: A total of 384 students were recruited. Mean Cervical flexion for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 61.06 ± 17.19, and > 6 hours was 55.28 ± 16.09 (p<0.001). Mean extension for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was observed to be 41.03 ± 12.89 and for > 6 hours was 37.96 ± 10.94 (p=0.008). Mean Lateral flexion for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 42.66 ± 10.32, and > 6 hours was 38.96 ± 11.01 (p=0.002). While mean right rotation for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 59.50 ± 14.27, and 6 hours was 63.47 ± 14.13 (p=0.010). Moreover, the mean Left rotation for wearing hijab ≤ 6 hours was 64.66 ± 17.86, and >6 hours was 70.58 ± 14.34 (p=0.001).

Conclusion: The routine wearing of the hijab affects cervical mobility. Moreover, it is concluded that wearing a hijab for > 6 hours greatly affects the range of the head for movement, by decreasing the cervical range of motion.
Single stage management of chronic posterolateral knee dislocation in a middle-aged man - A Case Report.
Authors: Qamar Adnan , Ali Haider , Muhammad Abdul Shakoor  , Amjad Usman , Shah Syed Wasif Ali
Published: February 2022

Background: Posterolateral knee dislocation rarely occur and might not reduce due to buttonholing of the Femoral condyle into the anteromedial knee joint capsule. These are complex injuries without any clear guidelines in terms of management.

Case presentation: 40-year-old male presented with posterolateral knee dislocation due to a road traffic accident. Patient was having posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury along with posterolateral corner instability supported by clinical examination and confirmed with radiologic investigations.

Management and Results: Patient was managed with single-stage arthroscopic reconstruction of PCL followed by open posterolateral corner ligaments reconstruction. Postoperatively patient had positive functional outcomes with satisfactory international knee documentation committee subjective knee form (IKDC) scores.

Conclusion: Posterolateral Corner Injury (PLC) injury with associated PCL injury showed positive results when managed in a single-stage procedure.
Glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 1 gene polymorphism (Gly>Ser) and its association with schizophrenia in Pakistani population: A pilot Study.
Authors: Javed Ariba , Batool Malik Ayesha , Amir Qurat-ul-Ain , Hanif Farina , Washdev  , Jawed Lalarukh
Published: February 2022

Background: Neurobiology of schizophrenia involves impairment of glutamatergic neurotransmission. In this context, polymorphism in glutamate Ionotropic receptor a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-propionic acid (AMPA) type subunit 1 encoded by Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor AMPA Type Subunit 1 Gene (GRIA), (rs1127386, G/A) can be considered as a substantial contributor in pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, a pilot study was planned to find out if the single nucleotide polymorphism of GRIA (rs1127386, G/A) is a risk factor for schizophrenia in the population of Pakistan. It maps at 5q33, a schizophrenia susceptible locus as per genome-wide association studies.

Methodology: Following Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 (DSM 5) criteria guidelines, 50 schizophrenia cases were incorporated in this case-control study and 51 controls, individuals without any psychiatric illness. The sternness of illness was figured out using positive and negative syndrome scale score (PANSS) score. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood, and further analysis was done on gel electrophoresis after conducting ARMS (amplification refractory mutation system) PCR. Frequencies of reported genotype and allele within both groups were determined using the chi-square test.

Results: Statistically significant difference was not found in genotype and allele frequencies of (rs1127386, G/A) (p>0.05) between cases and controls in the study population. The severity status of the disease was also independent of the polymorphism (p>0.05).

Conclusion: This pilot study specifies that polymorphism rs1127386 is not a risk factor for schizophrenia, at least in the Pakistani population.
Risk factors for blood loss in liver resection surgery: An Institutional Review.
Authors: Khan Muhammad Shadab , Khan Muhammad Attaullah , Saba Ayesha , Amir Sana , Anwar Abdul Wahid
Published: February 2022

Background: Surgical resection of the primary or metastatic liver lesions is the treatment of choice for patients with resectable tumors. Identifying and managing preoperative and intraoperative risk factors responsible for increased blood loss during liver resection is extremely important. Therefore, the present study aims to identify preoperative and intraoperative risk factors associated with blood loss during liver resection.

Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 patients who underwent liver resection for resectable primary and metastatic liver lesions at the Department of Surgical Oncology Hepatobiliary Unit, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, and Research Center Lahore. The study continued from October 2014 to July 2017, and data were collected from hospital records, including demographic, biochemical, and perioperative variables.

Results: Out of the total 38 patients, 52.8% were female, with a mean age of 40.59 ± 21.66 years at the time of surgery. The results after multivariate analysis conclude two independent risk factors responsible for significant blood loss of more than 1000 milliliters during liver resection. These factors include liver cirrhosis, where the odds ratio is 7.96 with 95% CI (1.00-63.31) and P-value of  0.05 and operative time of   390 minutes where odds ratio is 8.94 with 95% CI (2.28-36.48) and P-value of 0.02.

Conclusion: The risk factors associated with increased intraoperative blood loss during liver resections in our population are mainly associated with preoperative parameters, including positive viral serology and radiologically proven liver cirrhosis. In contrast, intraoperative factors were intravenous fluid administration and operative time.
Perceptive on bacteriological quality in foods of animal origin sold in the local market: Potential threats for the perishable food supply chain
Authors: Aqeel Afsheen , Ali Meerani Zulfiqar , Yacoob Bawa Mariyah , Asif Saima , Noor Rabia , Khan Shumaila , Abbas Tanveer
Published: February 2022

Background: Pre and post-harvest spoilage is becoming a severe concern not only in Pakistan but also worldwide. Foodborne illness remains prevalent throughout Pakistan because of the lack of informed risks and safe handling practices of the food preparers and handlers at each food chain point. It causes food spoilage that results in substantial economic losses to both producers (farmers) and consumers. Therefore, this article aimed to review the microbial load of meat, dairy, and seafood products and how the microbial load/population's shelf life and food quality can be affected.

Methodology: During this experimental study, a total 127 samples were collected directly from different industries and included. Total bacterial count (TBC), total coliform count (TCC), fecal coliform count (FCC) and detection of Salmonella were done to check the quality of foods of animal origin collected from the different food industries from 2019 to 2020 and Pakistan standard (P.S.) of food quality was used to compare the results.

Results: Among 127 analyzed samples, 27 (34.29%) samples were found contaminated with four bacterial parameters, TBC (6.35%), TCC (19%), and FCC (8.89%). At the same time, Salmonella spp were found absent in all of the samples analyzed. Among seven perishable food commodities, the higher percentage of unsatisfactory samples were observed in the chicken meat (1.62%) and beef meat samples (1.5%), while fresh milk was highly contaminated (0.9%) as compared to the powder milk (0.42%), followed by yogurt (0.26%). Shrimp (0.26%) and fish items (0.2%) showed the least percentage of unsatisfactory samples.

Conclusion: The results suggest that a significant quality difference is observed in the food items sold in the central region of Karachi, further representing a vulnerability to human health in terms of bacteriological hazards. Our findings suggest that safety measures should be taken seriously to stay away from possible uncertainties.
Case report of a 7-year-old CIPA child with multiple debridement's and amputations.
Authors: Zaidi Syed Ali Haider , Razak Sufyan , Syeda Kiran Fatima  , Hafiz Abdul Wase  , Zaidi Syed Muhammad Haider , Yousuf Zeeshan , Naz Farah , Yousuf Bilal
Published: February 2022

Background: Congenital Insensitivity to Pain (CIPA), otherwise known as Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type IV (HSAN IV), is a rarely occurring autosomal recessive disorder encompassed by a group of hereditary and sensory autonomic neuropathies, which was initially described as pure analgesia present congenitally. Its clinical manifestation includes recurrent episodes of infections with unexplained behavior, anhidrosis, mental retardation, and damage to oral structures.

Case Presentation: In this case report, we have demonstrated the signs and symptoms of a 7-year-old boy presented to the pediatric out-patient department of Memon Medical Institute Hospital with complaints of multiple fluid-filled blisters since the age of 1 year. He had a history of multiple hospital admissions due to infections, where he was diagnosed with a case of CIPA.

Management & Results: Since the diagnosis of this medical condition, the child has undergone multiple debridements of his wound and amputations. The treatment plan was aimed to manage the blisters, prevent self-injuries, and treat orthopedic problems by regular dermal and orthopedic follow-ups.

Conclusion: There is no cure for CIPA patients, the families that have CIPA patients must undergo prenatal testing and screening to prevent the birth of another affected child.
The neuro-invasive potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Authors: Qayyum Fabiha , Malik Muna , Malik Muhammad Irfan
Published: February 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) induced coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents with several neurological manifestations just like other Beta Corona Virus (βCoV) family members. SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS) in many ways eliciting various neurological disorders generally from headaches, ataxia, mental confusion to severe respiratory distress, and eventually death. The different portals of access of SARS-CoV-2 into the CNS, i.e., hematogenous and neuronal retrograde motion, increase the incidence of neurological manifestations and poor disease prognosis. A new idea regarding neuro-invasion of SARS-CoV-2, i.e., its potential of latency and possible later reactivation and complications, has been presented. This aims to direct the attention towards research to determine the impact range of latency and reactivation of SARS-CoV-2. Keeping in view, these aspects finding SARS-Cov-2 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and complete CSF examination should be employed.
Penggunaan Daun Lamtoro Sebagai Pakan Untuk Penggemukan Sapi Bali
Authors: Dilaga Syamsul Hidayat , Amin Muhamad , Yanuarianto Oscar , Sofyan Sofyan , Dahlanuddin Dahlanuddin
Published: February 2022

Farmers are not used to giving leucaena leaves to the cattle they keep. This is because lack of information about benefits of leucaena is not widely known. Whereas leucaena leaves have high nutritional value and palatable. Cattle body weight can grow well, so farmers get an advantage when using leucaena as feed.Extension activity was conducted in Kelompok Tani Ternak Aik Kolong, Mura Village, District of Brang Ene, West Sumbawa Regency.  Selection of places at the request of community leaders from this place. After the extension activities, farmers have begun to understand and realize that the maintenance cattle for fattening efforts absolutely need quality feed intake.  Farmers will seed and a plant leucaena seed given in the cage area, yard, or in their fields after the rainy season arrives.  This was conveyed in discussions (Q&A) events that developed during extension activities and technical guidance conducted in a simulation. In the end of activities, the farmers still hope that this kind of activity is more often done, so that their skills and knowledge on how to raise cattle fattening can be applied in the Group in particular and in Mura Village-Brang Ene, West Sumbawa Regency generally.
Sosialisasi Model Pembelajaran Reading Berbasis Question Generation pada Guru Bahasa Inggris SMA/SMK/MA di Kecamatan Gunung Sari Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Thohir Lalu , Isnaini Muhammad , Putera Lalu Jaswadi
Published: February 2022

Guru mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan SDM (Sumber Daya Manusia) dan menyiapkan para peserta didik untuk mampu menghadapi tantangan zaman. Salah satu sarana yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh guru bahasa Inggris untuk kebutuhan tersebut adalah melalui kegiatan membaca yang dapat melatih kemampuan berfikir kritis, kreatif dan aktif. Question Generation merupakan kegiatan belajar dimana peserta didik dilatih untuk mengajukan atau membuat pertanyaan terhadap apa yang mereka sudah baca yang terdiri dari pertanyaan literal, inferential dan evaluative. Kegiatan Pengadian Pada Masyarakat (PPM) ini bertujuan untuk mensosialisasikan model pembelajaran membaca berbasis Question Generation yang dengannya para guru bhs Inggris dapat melatih para peserta didik mereka untuk aktif, kreatif dan berfikir kritis dalam kegiatan membaca. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 1 Gunung Sari dan melibatkan 20 orang guru bahasa Inggris SMA, SMK dan MA di wilayah kecamatan Gunung Sari. Hasil kegiatan PPM yang meliputi penyampaian materi, diskusi, latihan dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa para peserta terlihat antusius dan aktif dalam mengikuti rangkaian kegiatan yang ada, tekun memperhatikan dan menyimak materi yang disampaikan oleh tim, aktif berdiskusi atau tanya jawab terkait materi sosialisasi dan masalah pembelajaran bahasa Inggris dan juga praktik dalam membuat pertanyaan untuk teks yang mereka baca. Selain itu, hasil isian angket evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa para peserta menyambut baik kegiatan ini karana dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan mereka, sehingga mereka berharap jika ada kegiatan serupa pada masa yang akan datang dengan melibatkan lebih banyak guru dan materi yang lebih fokus pada teacher needs dan problem solving.
Sosialisasi Disaster Management Bagi Ibu Rumah Tangga
Authors: Sakti Dwi Putra Buana , Suparman Lalu , Hermanto Hermanto , Sagir Junaidi
Published: February 2022

The concept of disaster management is growing after realizing the impact caused by the disaster. One of the areas on the island of Lombok that was affected by the 2018 earthquake is the North Lombok Regency. Located in an area prone to earthquakes, efforts are needed to minimize the risk of a disaster occurring. One of them is through community service activities in the form of disaster management socialization to housewives. Housewives are deemed necessary to be given socialization because the phenomenon shows that the involvement of housewives in disaster management is still minimal. In several disaster events, it is seen that the role of housewives is more often the object of disaster management. Women are still considered as the weak and do not have any power when a disaster occurs. Referring to this phenomenon, this socialization is aimed at educating housewives about disaster management in order to increase their knowledge and capacity about disaster management. This socialization was carried out using lecture and discussion methods related to the following materials: (i) disaster management; (ii) disaster risk, and (iii) regional disaster management organization. The output of this activity is an increase in the understanding and capacity of housewives about disaster management, disaster risk and knowledge of disaster management organizations in the regions.
Pernikahan Usia Dini dan Perspektifnya Menurut Hukum Islam di Desa Persiapan Berinding Kecamatan Kopang Kabupaten Lombok Tengah
Authors: Hariati Sri
Published: February 2022

The practice of early marriage is currently a common thing among the community, especially in rural areas where there is less information about the impact of this behavior. The purpose of this counseling is to provide education about the causes of early marriage and the impact it has, as well as its implications according to Islamic law. The method used in this counseling activity is using the lecture and discussion method. Based on the results of the evaluation carried out by the extension worker after the extension activity was completed, in general it could be said that the participants had only just learned the material presented. Lack of public awareness of deviant behavior carried out by men and women (early marriage), especially among adolescents who are not medically old enough, has resulted in this practice still occurring. So that it has become a joint task for parents in educating their children as well as possible both in the fields of religion and education so that our children avoid these actions.
Pelatihan dan Pendampingan Akuntansi Computer dan Aplikasi Perkantoran dengan Menggunakan Microsoft Excel untuk Meningkatkan Capability Himpunan Wanita Disabilitas (HWDI) Kabupaten Lombok Barat
Authors: Abjadi Khalid , Herwanti Titiek , Pituringsih Endar
Published: February 2022

Disabled empowerment is a process in which people with disabilities are given knowledge and skills training to live independently. The purpose of this activity is to improve the ability and skills of managers and members of HWDI in West Lombok Regency. The activity is carried out by holding training and assistance in computer accounting and office accounting using Microsoft Excel, the results of the implementation of this activity are expected to improve the capabilities of managers and members of HWDI. In addition, this training and assistance is carried out to provide new abilities and skills to managers and members of HWDI, so they can take advantage of digitalization opportunities to improve the economy of people with disabilities. This training and mentoring activity will be aimed at managers and members of HWDI in West Lombok Regency. The implementation of the activities is carried out with an approach to providing material and mentoring computer accounting training and office accounting using Microsoft Excel. The results of counseling and training activities on computer accounting and office accounting in increasing the knowledge and capability of the management and members of the West Lombok Regency HWDI are useful and supported by the management and members, so that in the future they can remain independent.
Investigasi Tingkat Kerawanan Gedung Dalam Rangka Implementasi Mitigasi Gempa Bumi di Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mataram
Authors: Zubaidah Teti , Rosmaliati Rosmaliati , Ramadhani Cipta , Ratnasari Dwi , Yadnya Made Sutha , Kanata Bulkis , Paniran Paniran , Zainuddin Abdullah , Priyatna Kenya Damayanti
Published: February 2022

After the 2018 Lombok Earthquake, buildings at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram (FT Unram) were severely damaged and there was no comprehensive treatment. Facilities for earthquake mitigation are still minimal and if available they are not designed and placed properly. Some parts of the building have been renovated but appear unfinished, while there were new constructions that have not been investigated regarding their suitability with earthquake mitigation. Anticipating re-occurrence of a major earthquake in Lombok, it is very necessary to implement earthquake mitigation at FT Unram. In this paper, results of vulnerability investigation of each building will be presented including number, type, and level of damages as well as their locations and detailed documentation of each point of damages in form of pictures and photos/videos. Through this activity vulnerabilities of each building can be identified comprehensively, so that appropriate treatments can be carried out, and the safest evacuation route can be planned as well.