bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Real-World Analysis of Weather Variation on Disease Activity and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Joly-Chevrier Maxine , Coupal Louis , Choquette Sauvageau Loïc , Movahedi Mohammad , Choquette Denis
Published: September 2024

Objective

Patients with inflammatory articular diseases, such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA), report weather changes in their symptoms. Our objective was to investigate the correlation between weather variation, disease activity (DA), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in patients with PsA.

Methods

Hourly measurements of temperature, relative humidity, and pressure were obtained from 2015 to 2020 in Montreal (through Environment Canada) and were matched with DA and PROs of patients with PsA enrolled in Rhumadata. The differences in mean DA and PROs were examined between winter and summer. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between clinical profile and weather measurements.

Results

Among patients with PsA, 2665 PROs were collected for a total of 858 patients. The Clinical Disease Activity Index (P= 0.001) and Simplified Disease Activity Index (P< 0.001) were lower in winter. In summer, positive correlations were found between humidity and symptoms (using patient global assessment, fatigue, pain, C-reactive protein, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index), whereas negative correlations between temperature and Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index were reported. In winter, positive correlations were observed between temperature, fatigue, and pain.

Conclusion

This is the first study to investigate weather variations through subjective and objective PROs matched with patients with PsA. Statistically significant differences in clinical profile were evident between winter and summer, as well as in their correlation with weather measurements. However, these distinctions lack clinical significance, suggesting a small impact on patients with PsA.
Mes géographies enseignées… Ce sont d’abord les leurs !
Authors: Desbois-Dalmon Caroline
Published: September 2024

J’enseigne une géographie fondée sur la pertinence qu’elle donne au monde pour les apprenants qui me sont confiés. En leur proposant une analyse spatiale sensible et en les invitant à une pensée réflexive sur leurs pratiques du temps et de l’espace, j’espère humblement leur offrir une analyse géographique par laquelle ils comprendront leur place. De la sorte, je vise à une compréhension territoriale rendue opératoire grâce à l’appropriation spatiale qu’elle suppose. Cela m’oblige à traiter l’erreur comme levier, à modifier en permanence mon positionnement pour envisager sans cesse les représentations et les territorialités locales de ce public exigeant. Cela implique également que je participe au jeu permanent de la mise en abîme de ces représentations qui construisent notre monde. Loin d’un savoir académique figé et dominant, mes géographies enseignées s’adaptent ainsi constamment aux publics et aux contextes variés au service desquels je m’engage, avec plaisir et curiosité.
Quelle armée à la Libération ?
Authors: Pigenet Michel
Published: September 2024

À la Libération, « l’explosion FFI » de l’été 1944 ouvre la perspective de construction d’une « armée nouvelle » accordée aux espoirs de république démocratique et sociale. De fait, les contraintes de la guerre aidant, l’institution militaire et les autorités feront en sorte que l’amalgame opéré procède d’une restauration.
« J’ai tué une fille », la trajectoire migratoire et la sortie de l’humain
Authors: Kirazian Laurie
Published: September 2024

Nous présenterons la trajectoire migratoire traumatisante d’un jeune adolescent ivoirien de 15 ans mineur primo-arrivant en France, accueilli dans un foyer dans le cadre de la protection de l’enfance. Profondément renfermé, il accepte une prise en charge psychologique. Progressivement, il lutte pour verbaliser ses traumatismes enracinés dans les violences subies et une culpabilité notamment liée à la mort tragique d’une adolescente dans le désert Libyen.
ESG Dynamics as a Dialogical Process
Authors: Martino Ilaria , Spagnuolo Flavio , Spanò Rosanna
Published: September 2024

The chapter aims to understand how ESG dynamics can be shaped through a dialogical process between organizations and stakeholders, overcoming the mainstream view that considers ESG as a static disclosure element. For this purpose, the authors rely on a case study based on an Italian company operating in the utilities sector, which is particularly exposed to ESG matters and engages ESG reporting on a voluntary basis since 2021. Specifically, they exploit the theoretical model proposed by Merkl Davies and Brennan to investigate the evolution of ESG within the firm, focusing on information as a transactional process rather than as a mere transmission of informative flows. The case study shows how the materiality level—which operatizes and surrounds ESG issues—depends on a two-way conversation in which stakeholders are not simply referred to as primary users but become real “co-producers” of information. The work offers valuable insights to companies and policymakers, nudging towards effective ESG information, beyond the attempts for formal compliance.
A desterritorialização da aula de Biologia: estudo sobre marcadores de gênero em videoaulas do Youtube
Authors: Dantas Matheus Reis , Pagan Alice Alexandre
Published: September 2024

Neste estudo, exploramos as questões emergentes da Sociedade da Informação, especificamente os debates de gênero em videoaulas de Biologia no YouTube. Utilizamos um roteiro de análise baseado em referencial teórico multidisciplinar para identificar e descrever os diversos marcadores de gênero presentes nessas aulas online. Analisamos duas videoaulas apresentadas por pessoas cisgêneras, nas quais observamos a aplicação de antigos sistemas de marcação de gênero ainda prevalecentes na sociedade brasileira. A transição da educação para o espaço digital não trouxe mudanças significativas quanto às hierarquias de gênero patriarcais, evidenciadas na escolha de exemplos, fundamentação teórica e uso de imagens e vídeos. Portanto, é importante incentivar a participação de personalidades femininas e outras identidades de gênero nesse mercado educacional proeminente, uma vez que a predominância masculina e suas visões de mundo são evidentes nas aulas de Biologia em geral.
Sensor Assisted Closed-Loop Conformal Printing of Electronics Using Multiaxis Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Tran Khang , Rizak Tyler , Bonner Colin , Nguyen Uyen , Mirotznik Mark , Li Xiaoming
Published: September 2024

Additive Manufacturing is a promising technology for making electronics with complex geometry shapes. However, they typically need to be printed on conformal surfaces and are highly sensitive to imperfections on the surfaces. Both challenges, unfortunately, can’t be met with the current technology. The main cause is the open loop control in today’s AM practices. In this paper, we demonstrate a technology prototype that uses sensor assistance to create an end-to-end closed-loop additive manufacturing capability for making RF electronics. We show how a displacement sensor can be incorporated into a nScrypt 3DX-700 multiaxis printer, and scan in-situ the conformal surfaces and previously existing imperfections. The in-situ scanning’s results are then used to adjust future printing operations. The evaluation with several benchmark models shows that our technology can successfully manufacture RF electronic devices conforming to the design specifications.
Probing Dermal Immunity to Mycobacteria through a Controlled Human Infection Model
Authors: Church E Chandler , Bishop Emma , Fiore-Gartland Andrew , Yu Krystle K Q , Chang Ming , Jones Richard M , Brache Justin K , Ballweber Fleming Lamar , Phan Jolie M , Makatsa Mohau S , Heptinstall Jack , Chiong Kelvin , Dintwe One , Naidoo Anneta , Voillet Valentin , Mayer-Blackwell Koshlan , Nwanne Gift , Andersen-Nissen Erica , Vary Jay C , Tomaras Georgia D , McElrath M Juliana , Sherman David R , Murphy Sean C , Kublin James G , Seshadri Chetan
Published: September 2024

Cutaneous mycobacterial infections cause substantial morbidity and are challenging to diagnose and treat. An improved understanding of the dermal immune response to mycobacteria may inspire new therapeutic approaches. We conducted a controlled human infection study with 10 participants who received 2 × 106 CFUs of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (Tice strain) intradermally and were randomized to receive isoniazid or no treatment. Peripheral blood was collected at multiple time points for flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), and serum Ab assessments. Systemic immune responses were detected as early as 8 d postchallenge in this M. bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin–naive population. Injection-site skin biopsies were performed at days 3 and 15 postchallenge and underwent immune profiling using mass cytometry and single-cell RNA-seq, as well as quantitative assessments of bacterial viability and burden. Molecular viability testing and standard culture results correlated well, although no differences were observed between treatment arms. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed various immune and nonimmune cell types in the skin, and communication between them was inferred by ligand-receptor gene expression. Day 3 communication was predominantly directed toward monocytes from keratinocyte, muscle, epithelial, and endothelial cells, largely via the migration inhibitory factor pathway and HLA-E–KLRK1 interaction. At day 15, communication was more balanced between cell types. These data reveal the potential role of nonimmune cells in the dermal immune response to mycobacteria and the utility of human challenge studies to augment our understanding of mycobacterial infections.
Distribution of episodes of kidney diseases admitted at the University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” in Tirana, Albania, during the period 2010-2023
Authors: Duli Marsida , Dika Qamil , Petrela Elizana , Burazeri Genc
Published: September 2024

Our aim was to describe the distribution of kidney diseases among hospitalized patients in Tirana, the capital of Albania, during the period 2010-2023. A case-series study was conducted including all episodes admitted with kidney diseases at the University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” in Tirana during the period 2010-2023 (overall: 15,763 episodes; 46% females; overall mean age: 54.0±17.3 years). We found that ≈56% of the kidney disease episodes were 35-65 years old, followed by >65-year-old individuals (≈28%). Most of the kidney disease episodes (about 43%) hospitalized were from the Tirana region, followed by districts pertinent to South Albania (23%). Older patients (>65 years) were more prevalent among males compared to females (301% vs 25%, respectively; p<0.001). Patients from the Tirana region were more prevalent among females compared to males (45% vs 42%, respectively, p<0.001). This study provides evidence on the distribution of the episodes of kidney diseases admitted at University Hospital Center “Mother Teresa” in Tirana, the largest region in Albania, a country in the Western Balkans that is undergoing deep reforms in all sectors, including also the health sector.
Embracing leadership of local actors and community in disaster risk reduction of Yogyakarta
Authors: Ruslanjari Dina , Putri Retno A.P. , Puspitasari Diana , Sulistiyo Sigit
Published: September 2024

The Disaster Preparedness Village (Kampung Siaga Bencana or KSB) in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province (DIY) is a community that aims to increase community preparedness and resilience to disasters through collaboration between the local government, non-government organisations and the community. This research examines the sustainability factors of KSB, namely the role of local leadership and government collaboration in disaster risk reduction (DRR) efforts. The method used in this research is a qualitative method and Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT) analysis, then using a diamond model to visualise the role of local leadership and the role of government. The results of this research show the importance of local leadership role in the sustainability of KSB. Factors contributing to the success of DIY KSB include independence, fulfillment of social granary logistics and effective two-way communication between KSB management and the village government (Kalurahan). The study supports that effective local leadership empowers the community, influences resource utilisation and facilitates collaborative efforts with the village government and volunteer organisations to address disaster management priorities. In addition, the most significant shortcomings in community leadership based on trust cultural value will negatively impact their sustainability and activeness if the local actors as mobilisers are inactive, and there is no regeneration of active new leaders. The Umbulharjo KSB case study exemplifies effective local leadership, mainly through Jagabaya, the chairman of KSB management. Strong local leadership is a fundamental element in developing a cohesive community actively involved in DRR efforts.Contribution: The study reveals that local leadership significantly contributes to the development and sustained activity of KSB. The research concludes by emphasising the multifaceted nature of local leadership, considering various perspectives and the community’s values and goals. The diamond model illustrates the intersection between societal opportunities and government support, demonstrating the realisation of goals through effective local leadership.
An application of gravity models to freight data in Malaysia
Authors: Abdullah Aidawani , Zamzuri Zamira H. , Miswan Nor Hamizah
Published: September 2024

Background: Freight transport services and international trade are among important factors in pushing economies’ transition forward. Malaysia’s strategic location along key maritime routes positions it as a vital hub for international shipping and logistics, facilitating efficient trade between Asia, Europe and the Middle East.Objectives: Despite extensive global studies on freight and trade, little specific research exists from Malaysia’s perspective. Thus, this study aims to evaluate how factors such as economic size of trade partners and distance impact Malaysia’s freight transport in international trade, using the gravity model, a tool for analysing bilateral trade flows.Method: Three types of gravity models are employed to assess the impact of economic scale, infrastructure and demographic factors on freight transport. Then the validity of these relationships is further evaluated.Results: The random effect model (REM) is found to be the best fitted model. The study identifies infrastructure and economic scale as pivotal factors influencing both freight export and import. The result showed the volume of container handled in ports is the main determinant in both export and import of freight, whereas air freight has significant impact to boost the export of freight. Distance is statistically significant, however, with marginally small impact.Conclusion: Based on the analysis, we can conclude that the robust port infrastructure and efficient logistical facilities are important in reducing freight costs and enhancing Malaysia’s international trade competitiveness.Contribution: This study mainly contributes on providing empirical evidence and in-depth insight on Malaysia freight transport services through the application of gravity models.
Anatomical and Developmental Abnormalities of Ureters and Renal Pelvis Existing with Accessory Renal Arteries: Cadaveric Study
Authors: Chakravarthi Kosuri Kalyan , Reghunadhan Deepthynadh
Published: September 2024

Background:

Anatomical and developmental variations of ureters and renal pelvis have been observed frequently during routine human cadaveric dissection and surgical practice; however, their coexistence with accessory or aberrant renal arteries is exceptionally rare. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of anatomical and developmental abnormalities of ureters and renal pelvis existing with accessory renal arteries in human cadavers.

Materials and Methods:

This study was carried out on 50 human cadavers including dissected specimens (25 males and 25 females) the kidneys, renal pelvis, and ureters along with their arteries were exposed and the anomalous abnormalities of the renal pelvis and ureters existing with accessory renal arteries were observed. Photographs of the anomalous and developmental variations were taken for proper documentation.

Results:

Among the 50 cadavers studied, unilateral double ureters were found in 5 cadavers (10%), rare bilateral “S-”shaped loop of ureter with quadruple uretic constrictors in the abdominal segment of the ureter was observed in one female cadaver (2%), accessory or aberrant renal arteries were found in 15 cadavers (30%), hydronephrosis involving the renal pelvis and ureters was observed in 9 cadavers (18%). Interestingly, this prevalence was higher among males (28%) compared to females (8%). Moreover, the occurrence of bilateral hydronephrosis of the kidneys, renal pelvis, and ureters was identified in a single male cadaver, representing 2% of the sample. Notably, the prevalence of double ureter, hydronephrosis accompanied by congenital double and triple accessory renal arteries was documented in nine cadavers, accounting for 18% of the cohort.

Conclusion:

Anatomical and developmental variations of the ureters, renal pelvis, and renal vasculature, as well as their relationships to surrounding structures, hold clinical significance due to their impact on various surgical procedures, including kidney transplantation, abdominal aorta reconstruction, interventional radiology, and urologic operations. Therefore, identifying these potential developmental variations is essential for effective surgical management to preserve renal function and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
A Case Report of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in the Era of Social Media
Authors: Andrade Kinjal , Palsetia Delnaz , Kadiani Adnan , Sonavane Sushma
Published: September 2024

Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has increased in recent times. Studies show links between increased social media use with higher BDD rates. There are several associations as to how social media impacts body dissatisfaction and is one of the factors in BDD. We present the case report of a 16-year-old female, which showed social media as one of the factors for BDD as patient would spend excessive amount of time watching Instagram reels.
Rectus Muscle Flap-augmented Closures in Wide-gap Exstrophy Bladder
Authors: Fahiem-Ul-Hassan Mir , Jadhav Vinay , Hamid Raashid , Mufti Gowhar , Munianjanappa Narendrababu , Saroja Murali
Published: September 2024

Background:

Wound dehiscence is one of the main complications in complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE). In our pediatric urology unit, we have switched to the use of inferior epigastric artery based rectus abdominis flap cover for abdominal wall closure in addition to measures like osteotomy and postoperative hip spica.

Aim:

to assess the efficacy of Recus abdominis flap in prevenion of wound dehisence.

Methods:

This study was conducted from June 2014 to June 2021 comparing two groups of the patients; group I consisted of thirty patients of CPRE with rectus flap repair of abdominal wall (CPRE-RF) and group II consisted of thirty patients with CPRE without rectus flap. Clinical and surgical details, including the outcome with regards to wound dehiscence and continence, were recorded.

Results:

The mean age of the patients in CPRE-RF was 5 months and that with only CPRE was 4.6 months. Mean pubic diastasis in Group l was 4.8± 1.07 cm and that of Group II was 4.6±1.3 cm. None of the patients in CPRE-RF had wound dehiscence or bladder prolapse while as 6 patients in CPRE alone had wound dehiscence and 1 had bladder prolapse. This difference was statistically significant. Primary bladder continence was achieved in 4 patients in CPRE-RF and 3 patients in CPRE group. Hypospadias had almost similar occurrence in the two groups. One patient in each group had bladder neck fistula.

Conclusion:

Use of rectus muscle flap in complete Primary Repair ofExtrophy bladder helps in prevention of wound dehiscence and contributes in achievement of final goal of continence in wide gap pubic diatasis.
Presacral Keratinous and Dermoid Cyst Masquerading as Meningocele – A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gupta Lucky
Published: September 2024

Presacral tumours are rare developmental tumours associated with midline closure defects. A fifteen-month-old girl presented with pain in the lower abdomen and dysuria. After examination, the child underwent investigations and was diagnosed as a presacral mass with intergluteal extension and caudal mass in the subcutaneous tissue of the left gluteal region. Complete excision of mass along with coccygectomy was done. Histopathology showed presacral as a keratinous cyst and gluteal as a dermoid cyst. Later on, the child also developed a left facial dermoid cyst which was also excised.
Risk of Glans Dehiscence Associated with Vascular Flap Coverage of the Glanular Neourethra during Primary Urethroplasty: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Narahari Janjala , Manekar Aditya Arvind , Tripathy Bikasha Bihary , Sahoo Subrat Kumar , Mohanty Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2024

Background:

Hypospadias is one of the common congenital anomalies of male genitalia. Although over 300 different operative techniques have been described, post-operative complications are still common, of which glans dehiscence (GD) is the most severe complication requiring redo urethroplasty. Some surgeons use the vascular flap to cover the glanular part of the neourethra to prevent GD, but there are controversies regarding its usefulness. There is a paucity in the literature, about articles evaluating the risk of GD associated with vascular flap coverage of the glanular neourethra during primary urethroplasty.

Materials and Methods:

We planned a single-blinded, parallel-design, randomised controlled trial involving 56 cases of hypospadias treated with single-stage urethroplasty amongst the admitted cases of hypospadias for primary urethroplasty in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar, from November 2017 to December 2019 as an M.Ch. thesis project. This was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and enrolled in the national registry of clinical trial. 28 patients were randomised into Group A (without flap coverage of the glanular part of the neourethra) and 28 patients were randomised into Group B (with flap coverage of the glanular neourethra).

Results:

Only 2 (7.1%) cases amongst the Group A patients developed GD, while 9 (32.1%) cases of Group B had GD (P = 0.013).

Conclusions:

Extending the vascular flap coverage up to the glanular part of the neourethra till the neo-meatus during primary urethroplasty is significantly associated with GD.
The effectiveness of a low implant density in Scheurmann kyphosis in correcting the lumbar lordosis -pelvic incidence mismatch
Authors: Abousayed Mahmoud , Elmiligui Yasser , Elhawary Youssry , ElNagar Ahmed , Elbromboly Yehia
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of using a low implant density in surgical treatment of Scheurmann Kyphosis (SK) in correcting the lumbar lordosis (LL)- Pelvic incidence (PI) mismatch.

Methods

Patients that were surgically treated for SK by a low screw density with multiple Ponte osteotomies at two institutions from January 2021 to January 2022 were identified and included in the study. Preoperative/postoperative/1- and 2-year follow-up measurements were analyzed from full-spine standing radiographs.

Results

Thirty patients were enrolled in our study, mean age 20.5 (13–37) years, mean preoperative kyphosis was 85.9 (75–108), a mean preoperative lumbar lordosis-pelvic LL-PI mismatch was 25.9 (23–28). The maximum kyphosis was corrected to 46.2 (37–63) and the LL-PI mismatch was reduced to 7.7. The correction was maintained at 1- and 2-years follow-up with no statistical change in the sagittal angles.

Conclusion

Surgical correction of SK using low-density implants and multiple Ponte osteotomies is an effective method of correcting the kyphotic deformity and reducing the LL-PI mismatch to normal physiological values.
Cholangiocarcinoma – A Detailed Review on Indian Literature
Authors: Sabu Sanoop Kumar Sherin , Ramachandran Vinoth Kumar , Umashankar U. S. , Baskkaran Harriprasad , Sattanathan Swetha , Bollupalle Rajendra Prasad , Srujan Yalamanchi Sri Ram , Narasimhan V. Aravinda , Ramachandran Nair Parvati
Published: September 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma, the predominant malignancy of the biliary tract, is associated with a dismal prognosis, typically yielding a median survival of 7–10 months post-diagnosis. The disease predominantly manifests as obstructive jaundice, and most patients are treated with palliative care due to the advanced stage at presentation. Although a wealth of international literature exists on this topic, detailed review from Indian literature is sparse. This review aims to fill this gap by aggregating and analyzing available Indian data from the past few decade regarding cholangiocarcinoma. We comprehensively explore clinical presentations, pathological features, diagnostic approaches, and management protocols specific to the Indian context. Emphasis is placed on unique aspects of intervention for alleviating obstructive jaundice and intraluminal therapies as documented in Indian studies. To our knowledge, this is the only available review article in detail and comprehensively about cholangiocarcinoma solely based on Indian publications.
Comparative Evaluation of Autologous Fibrin Glue and Conventional Sutures in the Treatment of Gingival Recession Using Connective Tissue Graft - A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Rao Thottempudi Haswitha , Johnson Juliet Josephine , Malgikar Suryakanth , Palaparthy Raja Babu , Basavaraju Mounika , Gooty Jagadish Reddy
Published: September 2024

Background:

The combination of the coronally positioned flap with connective tissue grafting in treating gingival recession defects has been shown to demonstrate the highest success rate.

Aim:

The aim of the present study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency between autologous fibrin glue (AFG) and conventional absorbable sutures in the treatment of marginal tissue recessions using connective tissue grafts (CTGs) and the coronally advanced flap (CAF) technique.

Methods:

Twenty Miller’s class I and II recession sites in maxillary or mandibular areas in chronic periodontitis patients were treated as group I (test): CTG + CAF + AFG; and group II (control): CTG + CAF with conventional absorbable sutures. Clinical parameters in both groups were recorded at baseline (t0) and six months (t1) postoperatively in terms of gingival recession height (RH), root coverage esthetic score (RCES), visual analogue scale (VAS), and healing index (HI).

Results:

The RH, RCES, VAS, and HI were significantly reduced at the end of six months compared to baseline (P < 0.005) in both groups; however, there was no statistical difference between the groups, indicating the equivalent efficacy of AFG and conventional sutures in healing.

Conclusion:

All the treated sites were found to have appreciable root coverage with satisfactory post-operative healing. Hence, it may be suggested that both AFG and absorbable sutures are equally efficient in post-surgical soft tissue healing.
Macrophage Polarization: An Ideal Therapeutic Strategy Remains to be Explored in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Ajith Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan
Published: September 2024

The prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is alarmingly increasing across the world. Despite a more detailed understanding of cardiac macrophage heterogeneity is lacking, their crucial role in the development and rupture of plaque is described as well. Furthermore, their functional plasticity has been involved in myocardial remodeling and scar formation in postinfarct tissue. Among the two types of macrophages that exists, classical M1 has a role in the incidence of coronary artery lesions, while alternate M2 types are involved in postinfarction tissue repair. Different cytokines and chemokines released from the pro-inflammatory M1 type macrophage augment plaque formation and rupture. More M1 macrophage accumulation was evident in the rupture-prone areas of the atherosclerotic plaque. M2 cells were found more in the stable regions of plaque, away from the lipid core and thus resist foam cell formation. Persistent inflammation is a hallmark of chronic heart failure. Different subtypes of M2 macrophages, such as M2a, M2b, M2c, and M2d, were described. M2b macrophages inhibit leukocyte infiltration and may have anti-atherosclerotic effects/protection of myocardial disease, among others. Various detection methods for the M1 and M2 polarization were described, which include identification of cell surface markers/secretary proteins using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot, flow cytometric analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Considering their role in the maintenance of cell homeostasis, balanced polarization offers a new ideal target for therapeutic manipulation. This review article discusses an update on macrophage polarization in atherosclerotic CVD.
Resilience of the BUDS Community-based Rehabilitation Institutions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Supporting Role of Local Governments
Authors: Chandru B. Aravind , Baby Betsy , Jose Prinu , Varma Ravi Prasad
Published: September 2024

Background:

BUDS (not an acronym) institutions are free and open special institutions established by Kudumbashree in Kerala for children from low-income households with intellectual or psychosocial impairments. We explored the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on BUDS beneficiaries and the organizational adaptation for continued operations during the period.

Methods:

We conducted telephonic in-depth interviews with eight BUDS teachers, three beneficiaries’ parents, and two local government (LG) representatives. We did a deductive analysis to describe two major themes: one pertained to the physical, mental, and social challenges faced by beneficiaries and families of BUDS institutions and other on organizational adaptation to the situation in terms of sustaining classes for children and continued support for meeting basic needs.

Results:

Beneficiaries lost some therapeutic gains, while parents faced financial hardships. Trainers and LGs made active efforts for sustaining contact with children and parents, distribution of necessities for children, and home visits. Some trainers displayed an exemplary level of dedication. LGs facilitated service provision by continuing remuneration to trainers, and collaborating with various stakeholders like education and health, and initiating locally suitable measures. The Thenkoodu app for continued training was deemed not very useful by trainers and parents.

Conclusion:

Committed human resources, acceptance of ground realities, quick decision–making, and collaboration across stakeholders were important aspects of the response of LGs for continued service provision to BUDS beneficiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings suggest that decentralized space where BUDS institutions emerged and expanded is beneficial for organizational resilience of community-based rehabilitation institutions.
Highly Accurate GPS-Denied PNT Using Direct Doppler Lidar
Measurements
Authors: Templeton Jeremy , Gill Jasprit Singh , Jakhotia Anurag , Pazhayampallil Joel
Published: September 2024

On the modern battlefield, Global Positioning System (GPS) can be unreliable in contested environments due to jamming or signal loss. Existing alternatives like high-accuracy inertial navigation systems (INS) are prone to higher drifts over distances with platform dependent performance, while solutions like Visual-Inertial Odometry (VIO) and Lidar-Inertial Odometry (LIO) lack accuracy and robustness on challenging terrain. We present a novel Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) solution that overcomes these limitations. It integrates inertial measurements from an IMU and doppler measurements from a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) LiDAR within a non-linear filtering framework to robustly measure motion states that achieve up to 0.1% Cross Track Error (CTE) rate in real-time. Furthermore, unlike solutions reliant on wheel speed sensors, our method requires no platform-specific information and is resilient to environmental factors such as wheel-slip, dynamic lighting, and weather conditions. This makes it highly portable, scalable, dependable, and readily deployable on a diverse set of platforms like ground vehicles, low-altitude drones, and even dismounted soldiers. Compared to traditional Time-of-Flight (ToF) LiDAR systems that operate in the Near Infrared (NIR) spectrum, FMCW LiDARs offer lower detectability due to their operation at lower peak power and within the Short-wave Infrared (SWIR) spectrum. In the face of increasing GPS disruptions and the proliferation of autonomy in military applications, our method provides a dependable solution for Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) in a broad variety of challenging scenarios.
AI-Enhanced Proactive Model Predictive Control for Off-Road
Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Bhosale Mayuresh , Gupta Prakhar , Kumar Rahul Prasanna , Jia Yunyi
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance
autonomous vehicle (AV) controls in unstructured off-road environments. Recent
research developments address the utilization of AI and deep learning (DL)
models to share information with AVs, enabling intelligent navigation in urban
environments. The suggested research allows AVs to navigate in an off-road
environment by utilizing AI-predicted trajectories while avoiding obstacles. Our
method aims to enhance vehicle autonomy, enabling it to move promptly and
responsively while interacting with other vehicles in an off-road environment.
We demonstrate the efficacy of AI-driven trajectory predictions through
comprehensive simulation validations. Moreover, the research demonstrates the
use of AI prediction to construct a proactive Model Predictive Controller (MPC)
for off-road autonomous vehicles. Simulation studies and comparisons with
existing approaches validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed
approach for off-road autonomous vehicle controls.
Energy-aware Mission Planning for Unmanned Ground Vehicle
Fleets
Authors: Miller N. , Goulet N. , Ayalew B.
Published: September 2024

Given an unordered list of spatial tasks to be completed by a team of unmanned
ground vehicles (UGVs), this paper formulates and solves energy-aware mission
planning for the team operating in an off-road geographic area. The mission
planning problem uses the unordered task list and a priori-computed energy and
time cost-to-go maps of the mission area to create a complete directed graph as
input. The mission planner is formulated as an instance of a multi-objective
vehicle routing problem allowing for charging rendezvous with a mobile charging
host included in the team. A complete list of constraints and the objective
function lead to a mixed-integer program that can be solved with existing tools
for various mission scenarios. Example mission planning results are included to
demonstrate the workings of the approach.
Measurement and Prediction of Override Force of Clumps of Small
Vegetation in Off-Road Autonomous Navigation
Authors: Goodin Chris , Moore Marc , Salmon Ethan , Cole Mike , Jayakumar Paramsothy , English Brittney
Published: September 2024

Autonomous navigation in off-road terrain requires a perception system that can
distinguish between vegetation that can easily be overridden and vegetation that
cannot. While many autonomous systems struggle to estimate the navigability of
vegetation like sparse grass or small shrubs, in this work we use a new
vehicle-embedded force sensor to directly measure override forces as the vehicle
drives through vegetation, allowing the perception system to learn the
navigability of vegetation based on the corresponding sensor signatures. The
override force can be estimated using a neural network trained on a combination
of lidar and images, and the resulting force prediction can be used as an input
into both local and global path-planning algorithms for autonomous navigation.
In this work, we show the results for our force measurements and outline the
process for extracting training data to predict override force using
RESNET-50.
Shadow Removal in Off-Road Terrain Perception with Multi-Sensor
Signal Processing
Authors: Gardner S. D. , Hoxie D. , Bowen N. , Misko S. , Haider M. R. , Smereka J. , Jayakumar P. , Vantsevich V.
Published: September 2024

Autonomous vehicle navigation requires signal processing of the vehicle’s
sensors to provide meaningful information to the planners such that challenging
artifacts like shadows, rare events, obstructive vegetation, etc. are identified
properly, avoiding ill-informed navigation. Using a single algorithm such as
semantic segmentation of camera images is often not enough to identify those
challenging features but can be overcome by processing more than one type of
sensor and fusing their results. In this work, semantic segmentation of camera
image and LiDAR point cloud signals is performed using Echo State Networks to
overcome the challenge of shadows identified as obstructions in off-road
terrains. The coordination of algorithms processing multiple sensor signals is
shown to avoid unnecessary road obstructions caused by high-contrast shadows for
more informed navigational planning.
Scan-Net: A Sparsely Encoded Convolutional Autoencoder for Semantic
Segmentation of Unknown Terrain
Authors: Haider Mohammad R. , Hoxie David , Gardner Steven , Misko Samuel , Jayakumar Paramsothy , Smereka Jonathan , Woten Jake
Published: September 2024

A sparsely-encoded convolutional autoencoder architecture is proposed in this
work for semantic segmentation of unknown terrain. The excellent feature
extraction capabilities of the convolutional autoencoder (CAE) is utilized with
the computation-efficient Echo State Network (ESN) for faster and efficient
encoding, and semantic segmentation of unknown images. The proposed scheme
manifests two CAEs trained with image and label data, and an ESN at the latent
space of the two CAE to transform the encoded unknown image to semantic
segmentation of different regions. The RUGD dataset of off-road images is used
for training and validation of the proposed algorithm under variation of
hyper-parameters. The proposed algorithm is implemented using Python and
PyTorch, and simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness for semantic
segmentation.
GVSMO: An Ontology for the Simulation Modeling of Ground
Vehicles
Authors: Louis Edward D , Taylor Evan A , Mocko Gregory M , Hybl Evan C
Published: September 2024

The Ground Vehicle Simulation Modeling Ontology, GVSMO, is an ontology developed
to support ground vehicle design decision-making, model selection, and
simulation composition. GVSMO supports the US Army’s needs for advanced
modeling and simulation capabilities that facilitate the development of the next
generation of US Army ground vehicles. GVSMO is composed of five ontologies: a
vehicle operations ontology (VehOps), a vehicle architecture ontology (VehArch),
an environment ontology (Env), a simulation modeling ontology (SimMod), and an
integration ontology (Int). This paper provides an overview of GVSMO, including
the background and motivation for development, the role it plays in the
simulation modeling and decision-making processes, a description of the five
ontologies, and examples of ground vehicle simulations and scenarios documented
in GVSMO.
Implementing Model-Based Product Line Engineering to Manage a Mixed
Portfolio of Legacy, Upgrade, and New Development Systems for Self-Propelled
Howitzer
Authors: Engle Jake , Yakovich Daisy , Torchala Erin , Greene Jeff
Published: September 2024

This paper summarizes the benefits, technical approach, and lessons learned from
applying a Model-Based Product Line Engineering (MBPLE) approach to manage a
mixed portfolio of systems at Project Manager (PM) Self-Propelled Howitzer
Systems (SPHS) within Program Executive Office (PEO) Ground Combat Systems
(GCS). The theme of the paper is to marry the concepts of Model-Based Systems
Engineering (MBSE), flexible acquisition strategies, and product line
engineering to describe the approach that STC has assisted PM SPHS in
implementing for their program office’s digital transformation
initiative. Lessons learned, best practices, and economic benefits of utilizing
MBPLE are highlighted throughout.
Innovative Tire Modeling Bricks for Large Military Vehicles and their
Benefits in Simulation Based Chassis Design
Authors: Andrews Mike , Maclanders Justin , Khayat Cédric , Leymin Frédéric , Spetler Frédéric
Published: September 2024

Vehicle chassis design can take great advantage from a virtual design approach,
as it helps tackle the complexity of modern machines, bringing benefits in
performance, development cost, and lead-time. For specific applications such as
construction or defense vehicles, the simulation design chain may lack
significant input model bricks due to the physical limitations of existing test
equipment which limit their ability to characterize the large components and
extreme loading conditions (high loads, large torques, extreme slip angles.
etc.). Michelin SIMIX proposes / develops an innovative solution to fill the gap
by combining physical real world measured data with virtual measurements,
allowing the creation of digital models relevant to the full usage
perimeter.
Strategic Decision Intelligence: Safeguarding Product Development
Success in Complex Engineering Landscapes
Authors: Murat Alper , Chinnam Ratna Babu , Rana Satyendra , Rapp Stephen H. , Dunn Andrew , Renke Ronald J. , Bechtel James E. , Hansen Kurt D.
Published: September 2024

Product design and development (PDD) in complex and highly engineered programs,
whether in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) or commercial sectors, faces
significant challenges due to rapidly changing operational landscapes, budget
constraints, and aggressive schedules. The current Digital Engineering Strategy
blueprint, advocated by the DoD, underscores the difficulty of balancing design,
delivery, and sustainment of intricate systems within such constraints.
Traditional approaches characterized by linear processes and siloed operations
often lead to prolonged cycle times and solutions ill-prepared to adapt to
technological advancements and shifting threats. Despite efforts to modernize
acquisition processes, core PDD practices remain entrenched in conventional
methodologies, resulting in program breaches and financial losses. This paper
advocates for the adoption of decision intelligence and analytics platforms to
enhance decision-making capabilities in PDD. Leveraging advanced analytics,
machine learning algorithms, and decision support systems, these platforms aim
to streamline workflows, mitigate decision-making biases, improve decision
confidence/timeliness, and knowledge management. By integrating these platforms,
organizations can effectively address the challenges of complexity and
uncertainty, fostering innovation, efficiency, and sustained success in an
ever-evolving global landscape.
Implementing Digital Engineering Digital Thread and Digital Twin to
Support Ground Vehicle Rapid Prototyping with Software Production
Factory
Authors: Thukral Ajay , Griffin Kevin W. , Kanon Robert J.
Published: September 2024

The Software Production Factory (SPF) is a cyber physical construct of computers,
hardware and software integrated together to serve as an ideation and rapid
prototyping environment. SPF is a virtual dynamic environment to analyze
requirements, architecture, and design, assess trade-offs, test Ground Vehicle
development artifacts such as structural and behavioral features, and deploy
system artifacts and operational qualifications. SPF is utilized during the
product development as well as during system operations and support. The white
paper describes the components of the SPF to build relevant Ground Vehicle Rapid
Prototyping (GVRP) models in accordance with the model-centric digital
engineering process guidelines. The factory and the processes together ensure
that the artifacts are produced as specified. The processes are centered around
building, maintaining, and tracing single source of information from source all
the way to final atomic element of the built system.
Physics Informed Machine Learning for Advanced Diagnostics &
Prognostics of Ground Combat Vehicles
Authors: Betts Juan F. , Alizadeh Arash
Published: September 2024

We introduce novel approaches utilizing Physics Informed Machine Learning (PIML)
for advanced diagnostics & prognostics of ground combat vehicles (CV).
Specifically, we present the development of a PIML model designed to predict the
health of engine oil in diesel engines. The condition of engine oil is closely
linked to engine wear, thus serving as a crucial indicator of engine health. Our
model integrates a physics-based simulation of engine wear in diesel engines,
leveraging a time history of engine oil viscosity and engine speed as key input
parameters. Furthermore, we conduct uncertainty quantification to assess the
impact of varying parameters on engine oil health prediction. Additionally, our
model demonstrates the capability to enhance low-fidelity physics models through
the integration of a limited set of experimental data. By combining data-driven
techniques with physics-based insights, our approach offers enhanced diagnostics
and prognostics capabilities for ground combat vehicles, thereby facilitating
proactive maintenance and optimization for operational readiness.
Indirect Fire Target State Estimation and Prediction Using Aerial
Scout Vehicles
Authors: Bober Tomas
Published: September 2024

It is well known that target state estimation and prediction methods can have a
substantial influence on the outcome of long range, precision-oriented
engagements. Due to this fact, a collection of techniques and algorithms have
been developed for the purpose of minimizing the delivery error caused by target
motion over the flight time of a munition. These legacy compensation techniques
have typically come from direct fire, accuracy-oriented assets such as main
battle tanks and attack helicopters. However, with the proliferation of unmanned
vehicles in the battle space, the target state estimation and prediction
capabilities could be extended into the indirect fire domain. The work conducted
within examines the challenge of utilizing a reconnaissance drone partnered with
a decoupled weapon platform to track a target, predict its motion, and calculate
a lead. The information presented within establishes the framework required to
enable this capability, develops the individual solution components, and
addresses the practical concerns of the implementation. Finally, modeling and
simulation is utilized to validate the proposed methods and to draw conclusion
on the feasibility of the specified approach.