bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell rosetting enables size-based separation of specific lymphocyte subsets from blood in a microfluidic device
Authors: Abhishek Kumar , Louis Sam Titus Anto Sam Crosslee , Dinh Mai T. P. , Mukhamedshin Anton , Mohan Chandra , Gifford Sean C. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S.
Published: January 2023

Using a rosette-enabled size-based (RESIZE) approach, a desired subset of lymphocytes can be isolated from unwanted lymphocytes of the same size and other cells rapidly and with high purity and yield in a flow-through, passive microfluidic device.
Meta optimization based on real-time benchmarking of multiple surrogate models for autonomous flow synthesis
Authors: Mottafegh Amirreza , Ahn Gwang-Noh , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: January 2023

Introducing meta-optimizer as a new multi-model Bayesian optimization algorithm, consisting of multiple surrogate models addressing the challenge of model selection for autonomous chemical experimentation.
Highly stable Fe2O3@SnO2@HNCS hollow nanospheres with enhanced lithium-ion battery performance
Authors: Dang Liyun , Li Jinghao , Yang Yilong , Xue Fei , Hu Jiyong , Zhang Shuaiguo , Gao Yuan , Liu Mengjiao , Zhao Jin'an
Published: January 2023

Hollow Fe2O3@SnO2@HNCS nanospheres recombined the merits of the synergistic effect of metal oxides, rigid hollow structure and highly conductive N-doping.
Efficient thin-film perovskite solar cells from a two-step sintering of nanocrystals
Authors: Peng Yuhao , Huang Junli , Zhou Lue , Mu Yuncheng , Han Shuyao , Zhou Shu , Gao Pingqi
Published: January 2023

Here, we report a novel route to construct efficient thin-film perovskite solar cells from sintering of nanocrystals and a facile two-step sintering process is proposed to achieve precise control over the microstructure development.
Visible-light-induced cascade reaction: a sustainable approach towards molecular complexity
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Pyne Pranjal , Ghosh Anogh , Choudhury Swagata , Hajra Alakananda
Published: January 2023

This comprehensive review chronologically summarizes visible-light-induced cascade reactions with literature coverage up to October 2022.
Pd(ii)-catalyzed selective β-C–H functionalization of azobenzene carboxamides
Authors: Padmavathi Rayavarapu , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda
Published: January 2023

We have exemplified the usefulness of the Pd(ii)-catalyzed 8-aminoquinoline DG-aided site-selective β-C–H functionalization route for the synthesis of modified azobenzene carboxamides by negating the NN (azo) group assistance.
Preparation of graphitized carbon by the corn straw liquefaction method
Authors: Dai Shuo , Fu Yao , He Peng , Mu Li , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Yuyan
Published: January 2023

A combination of liquefaction–carbonization–graphitization technology innovation is used to prepare graphitic carbon materials from corn straw as an inexpensive woody biomass feedstock.
Scaffolding of experimental design skills
Authors: Szalay Luca , Tóth Zoltán , Borbás Réka , Füzesi István
Published: January 2023

The results of an earlier four-year longitudinal research study on the development of experimental design skills led to the conclusion that 12–13 year old students probably need more help to design experiments than had been offered to them in that project. This paper reports the findings of the first year of a further four-year empirical research project. Its aim is to modify ‘step-by-step’ instructions for practical activities in a way that may enable the development of experimental design skills. Nine hundred and thirty-one (931) students have been involved. All were 12–13 years old in the beginning of the study (September 2021). Each year students spend six lessons (some or all of each) doing practical activities using worksheets we provide. The students were divided into three groups. Group 1 (control group) follow step-by-step instructions. Groups 2 and 3 are experimental groups. Group 2 follow the same instructions as Group 1 but also complete a scheme (a series of questions) on their worksheets concerned with the design of the experiment. Group 3 is required to design the experiments, guided by the scheme. The scheme asks indirect questions about the identification of the independent variable, the dependent variable and the constants. The impact of the intervention on the students’ experimental design skills (focusing on the identification and control of variables) and disciplinary content knowledge is measured by structured tests. After the first school year of the project it was clear that the applied type of instruction had a significant positive effect on the results of the Group 3 students’ experimental design skills (Cohen's d effect size: −0.28). However, no significant effect of the intervention could be detected on the changes in the Group 2 students’ experimental design skills (Cohen's d effect size: −0.11). ANCOVA analysis showed that these effects were due to a combination of several factors (mainly the intervention, school ranking and prior knowledge). This paper provides the interesting details of the results of the first year of the research and discusses the minor changes to the approach that have been made for the remaining three years of the project.
Three-dimensional liquid foam flow through a hopper resolved by fast X-ray microtomography
Authors: Schott Florian , Dollet Benjamin , Santucci Stéphane , Claudet Cyrille , Argentina Médéric , Raufaste Christophe , Mokso Rajmund
Published: January 2023

We probe the complex rheological behaviour of liquid foams flowing through a conical constriction.
High-capacity sulfide all-solid-state lithium battery with a conversion-type iron fluoride cathode
Authors: Wang Xue , Wang Zhixuan , Chen Liquan , Li Hong , Wu Fan
Published: January 2023

rGO-FeF3 composites are synthesized by anin situsolvothermal approach to build efficient electronic/ionic conduction pathways and suppress active material dissolution for ASSBs with high-ionic-conductivity sulfide electrolytes.
A vertical antioxidant strategy for high performance wide band gap tin perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Hu Fan , Chen Chun-Hao , Lou Yan-Hui , Teng Tian-Yu , Shi Yi-Ran , Xia Yu , Wang Kai-Li , Chen Jing , Wang Zhao-Kui , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: January 2023

The antioxidant capacity of acidic media and its effect on the efficiency of perovskite solar cells were investigated. A vertical antioxidant strategy to inhibit the diffusion of Sn4+in precursor solutions and perovskite films is developed.
Asymmetric nonfullerene acceptors with isomeric trifluorobenzene-substitution for high-performance organic solar cells
Authors: Li Zhengkai , Xu Zheng'ao , Chen Shanshan , Yao Jia , Fu Hongyuan , Zhang Ming , Bai Yang , Wang Haiqiao , Liu Zitong , Zhang Zhi-Guo
Published: January 2023

By alternating the substituted position in the terminal end group, two asymmetric non-fullerene acceptor isomers are designed, showing a better device performance for the γ-substituted fashion.
Polydopamine-coated 3D-printed β-tricalcium phosphate scaffolds to promote the adhesion and osteogenesis of BMSCs for bone-defect repair: mRNA transcriptomic sequencing analysis
Authors: Sun Xin , Jiao Xin , Wang Zengguang , Ma Jie , Wang Tianchang , Zhu Dan , Li Han , Tang Liang , Li Heyue , Wang Changde , Li Yiming , Xu Chen , Wang Jinwu , Gan Yaogai , Jin Wenjie
Published: January 2023

Cellular bioactivity and tissue regeneration can be affected by coatings on tissue-engineered scaffolds.
Role of molecular symmetry in the magnetic relaxation dynamics of five-coordinate Dy(iii) complexes
Authors: Guo Yan , Liu Kang , Qin Yuanyuan , Wu Qunyan , Hu Kongqiu , Mei Lei , Chai Zhifang , Liu Xiangyu , Yu Jipan , Shi Weiqun
Published: January 2023

A series of five-coordinate mononuclear DyIII SMMs [(TrapenTMS)Dy(LB)] (LB = THF 1, pyridine 2, ONMe3 3) have been successfully constructed. The results indicated that the magnetic property for 1 –3 are differences (in a sequence of 1> 3 > 2).
Correction: Exploration of biomimetic poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) fibrous scaffolds for corneal nerve regeneration
Authors: Ma Tien-Li , Yang Shang-Chih , Cheng Ting , Chen Mei-Yun , Wu Jo-Hsuan , Liao Shu-Lang , Chen Wei-Li , Su Wei-Fang
Published: January 2023

Correction for ‘Exploration of biomimetic poly(γ-benzyl-l-glutamate) fibrous scaffolds for corneal nerve regeneration’ by Tien-Li Ma et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2022, 10, 6372–6379, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TB01250B.
Polypharmacology of ambroxol in the treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Wang Ziyuan , Yang Minghui , Chen Xi , Xiao Rongxin , Dong Yu , Chu Ming , Song Guojie , Wang Yuedan
Published: January 2023

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still underway. Due to the growing development of severe symptoms, it is necessary to promote effective therapies. Ambroxol [2-amino-3,5-dibromo-N-(trans-4-hydroxycyclohexyl) benzylamine] has long been used as one of the over-the-counter mucolytic agents to treat various respiratory diseases. Therefore, we focused on the mechanism of action of ambroxol in COVID-19 treatment. In vitro and in silico screening revealed that ambroxol may impede cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 by binding to neuropilin-1. Ambroxol could also interact with multiple inflammatory factors and signaling pathways, especially nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), to interfere cytokines cascade activated by SARS-CoV-2 internalization. Furthermore, multipathways and proteins, such as the cell cycle and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), were identified as significant ambroxol-targeting pathways or molecules in PBMC and lung of severe COVID-19 patients by bioinformatics analysis. Collectively, these results suggested that ambroxol may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Using Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines to Predict Lexical Characteristics' Influence on Word Learning in First Through Third Graders
Authors: Peters-Sanders Lindsey , Sanders Houston , Goldstein Howard , Ramachandran Kandethody
Published: January 2023

Purpose:

Identifying appropriate targets for vocabulary instruction and determining the optimal sequence for instruction continue to be a challenge. The purpose of this study is to investigate how previously studied lexical characteristics collectively influence children's word learning.

Method:

A secondary data analysis was conducted using the word learning results of 350 first-, second-, and third-grade students who participated in an investigation examining the effects of a supplemental vocabulary intervention. We investigated the influence of the following lexical characteristics on the learning of 377 words: word frequency, level of concreteness, phonotactic probabilities, neighborhood density, and age of acquisition using multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS).

Results:

MARS modeled the influence lexical characteristics had on word learning and determined the relative importance of each variable for each grade-level model. Results revealed age of acquisition was the most important factor related to word learning in all grades, but contributions of other lexical characteristics and their level of importance differed across models. All respective models fit well, with root-mean-square error values ranging from 0.11 to 0.15 and generalized cross validation scores of 0.01 and 0.03.

Conclusions:

Nuanced information from the MARS analysis provides insights into how lexical characteristics affect word learning differently for children in different grade levels. This information is key to understanding the vocabulary acquisition of school-aged children. The findings from this research have the potential to inform the development of a word selection framework that will organize vocabulary targets into an appropriate sequence based on relevant predictors.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.21899529
SF6 decomposition behaviour under partial discharge of typical insulation defects in gas‐solid insulated valve‐side bushing of converter transformer
Authors: Cheng Hongtu , Zeng Fuping , Tang Bowen , Li Haotian , Tang Ju , Huang Zujian , Chao Xianzong
Published: January 2023

In this paper we investigated SF6 decomposition behaviour of typical insulation defects in gas‐solid insulated converter transformer valve‐side bushing under partial discharge (PD). Additionally, we compared the results with that of gas insulated switchgear (GIS). The results indicated that SF6 decomposition behaviour varies with the insulation defects type. For metal protrusion defects, the proportion ranking of CO2 and SO2 can be related to whether the needle tip is wrapped with epoxy resin‐impregnated paper (ERIP). The proportion of carbon‐containing products is much higher under contamination defect than under other defects. Moreover, the proportion of carbon‐containing components is higher under flashover condition than under PD condition and is accompanied by the appearance of H2S and CS2. However, the yield of SO2F2 is always low. Compared to negative DC voltages, positive DC voltages have a higher proportion of carbon‐containing components, mainly in the form of more CO2 and less SOF2. Compared to the PD decomposition behaviour of typical insulation defects in GIS, when PD involves ERIP, the proportion of carbon‐containing products, especially CO2, is significant higher, while the proportion of sulphur containing products, especially SO2F2, is lower.
X-SHYNE: X-shooter spectra of young exoplanet analogs
Authors: Petrus S. , Chauvin G. , Bonnefoy M. , Tremblin P. , Charnay B. , Delorme P. , Marleau G.-D. , Bayo A. , Manjavacas E. , Lagrange A.-M. , Mollière P. , Palma-Bifani P. , Biller B. , Jenkins J.-S. , Goyal J.-M. , Hoch K.
Published: January 2023

We present simultaneous 0.65–2.5 μm medium resolution (3300 ≤ Rλ ≤ 8100) VLT/X-shooter spectra of the relatively young (150–300 Myr) low-mass (19 ± 5MJup) L–T transition object VHS 1256−1257 b, a known spectroscopic analog of HR8799d. The companion is a prime target for the JWST Early Release Science (ERS) and one of the highest-amplitude variable brown dwarfs known to date. We compare the spectrum to the custom grids of cloudless ATMO models, exploring the atmospheric composition with the Bayesian inference toolForMoSA. We also reanalyze low-resolution HST/WFC3 1.10–1.67 μm spectra at minimum and maximum variability to contextualize the X-shooter data interpretation. The models reproduce the slope and most molecular absorption from 1.10 to 2.48 μm self-consistently, but they fail to provide a radius and a surface gravity consistent with evolutionary model predictions. They do not reproduce the optical spectrum and the depth of the K I doublets in the J band consistently. We derivedTeff= 1380±54 K, log(g) = 3.97±0.48 dex, [M/H] = 0.21±0.29, and C/O > 0.63. Our inversion of the HST/WFC3 spectra suggests a relative change of $ 27^{+6}_{-5} $ K of the disk-integratedTeffcorrelated with the near-infrared brightness. Our data anchor the characterization of that object in the near-infrared and could be used jointly to the ERS mid-infrared data to provide the most detailed characterization of an ultracool dwarf to date.
Temporal and spatial association between microwaves and type III bursts in the upper corona
Authors: Altyntsev A. T. , Reid H. , Meshalkina N. S. , Myshyakov I. I. , Zhdanov D. A.
Published: January 2023

One of the most important tasks in solar physics is the study of particles and energy transfer from the lower corona to the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. The most sensitive methods for detecting fluxes of non-thermal electrons in the solar atmosphere is observing their radio emission using modern large radioheliographs. We analyzed joint observations from the 13 April 2019 event observed by LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) at meter wavelengths, and the Siberian Radio Heliograph (SRH) and the Badary Broadband Microwave Spectropolarimeter (BBMS) spectropolarimeter in microwaves performed at the time of the second PSP perihelion. During a period without signatures of non-thermal energy release in X-ray emission, numerous type III and/or type J bursts were observed. During the same two hours we observed soft X-ray brightenings and the appearance of weak microwave emission in an abnormally narrow band around 6 GHz. At these frequencies the increasing flux is well above the noise level, reaching 9 sfu. In the LOFAR dynamic spectrum of 53−80 MHz a region is found that lasts about an hour whose emission is highly correlated with 6 GHz temporal profile. The flux peaks in the meter waves are well correlated with extreme UV (EUV) emission variations caused by repeated surges from the bright X-point. We argue that there is a common source of non-thermal electrons located in the tail of the active region, where two loop systems of very different sizes interacted. The frequencies of type III and/or type J bursts are in accordance with large loop heights around 400 Mm, obtained by the magnetic field reconstruction. The microwave coherent emission was generated in the low loops identified as bright X-ray points seen in soft X-ray and EUV images, produced by electrons with energies several tens of keV at about twice the plasma frequency.
Three-dimensional solar active region magnetohydrostatic models and their stability using Euler potentials
Authors: Terradas J. , Neukirch T.
Published: January 2023

Active regions (ARs) are magnetic structures typically found in the solar atmosphere. We calculated several magnetohydrostatic (MHS) equilibrium models that include the effect of a finite plasma-β and gravity and that are representative of AR structures in three dimensions. The construction of the models is based on the use of two Euler potentials, α and β, that represent the magnetic field as B = ∇α × ∇β. The ideal MHS nonlinear partial differential equations were solved numerically using finite elements in a fixed 3D rectangular domain. The boundary conditions were initially chosen to correspond to a potential magnetic field (current-free) with known analytical expressions for the corresponding Euler potentials. The distinctive feature of our model is that we incorporated the effect of shear by progressively deforming the initial potential magnetic field. This procedure is quite generic and allowed us to generate a vast variety of MHS models. The thermal structure of the ARs was incorporated through the dependence of gas pressure and temperature on the Euler potentials. Using this method, we achieved the characteristic hot and overdense plasma found in ARs, but we demonstrate that the method can also be applied to study configurations with open magnetic field lines. Furthermore, we investigated basic topologies that include neutral lines. Our focus is on the force balance of the structures, and we do not consider the energy balance in the constructed models. In addition, we addressed the difficult question of the stability of the calculated 3D models. We find that if the plasma is convectively stable, then the system is not prone, in general, to develop magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. However, when the plasma-β is increased or the density at the core of the AR is high, then the magnetic configuration becomes unstable due to magnetic buoyancy.
Orbital analysis of the Pluto-Charon moon system’s mutual interactions and forced frequencies
Authors: Gakis Dionysios , Gourgouliatos Konstantinos N.
Published: January 2023

Context. The orbits of the four small moons in the Pluto-Charon system, Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra, are circumbinary, as Pluto and Charon form a binary dwarf planet. Consequently, the orbit of each moon is characterized by a number of frequencies, arising from the central binary and the mutual gravitational interactions.

Aims. In this work, we identify the most prominent of these forced frequencies using fast Fourier transforms.

Methods. Two methods were implemented, a semi-analytic and a numerical one, and comparisons are made.

Results. The results indicate that as a first approximation, moon orbits may well be modeled as the superposition of a series of inevitable oscillations induced by Pluto and Charon, deviating from circular orbits, even if the eccentricity is set to zero. Moreover, the mutual gravitational effects are significant in their long-term evolution, especially for the lighter moons Styx and Kerberos, activating modes that dominate the low-frequency region of the power spectrum. This becomes evident through the comparison of simulations where only one moon is included along with the binary dwarf planet and simulations of the entire six-body system. These modes become noticeable over long integration times and may affect the orbits of the lighter moons of the system.
DREAM
Authors: Bourrier V. , Attia M. , Mallonn M. , Marret A. , Lendl M. , Konig P.-C. , Krenn A. , Cretignier M. , Allart R. , Henry G. , Bryant E. , Leleu A. , Nielsen L. , Hebrard G. , Hara N. , Ehrenreich D. , Seidel J. , dos Santos L. , Lovis C. , Bayliss D. , Cegla H. M. , Dumusque X. , Boisse I. , Boucher A. , Bouchy F. , Pepe F. , Lavie B. , Rey Cerda J. , Ségransan D. , Udry S. , Vrignaud T.
Published: January 2023

The distribution of close-in exoplanets is shaped by a complex interplay between atmospheric and dynamical processes. The Desert-Rim Exoplanets Atmosphere and Migration (DREAM) program aims at disentangling those processes through the study of the hot Neptune desert, whose rim hosts planets that are undergoing, or survived, atmospheric evaporation and orbital migration. In this first paper, we use the Rossiter-McLaughlin revolutions (RMR) technique to investigate the orbital architecture of 14 close-in planets ranging from mini-Neptune to Jupiter-size and covering a broad range of orbital distances. While no signal is detected for the two smallest planets, we were able to constrain the sky-projected spin-orbit angle of six planets for the first time, to revise its value for six others, and, thanks to constraints on the stellar inclination, to derive the 3D orbital architecture in seven systems. These results reveal a striking three-quarters of polar orbits in our sample, all being systems with a single close-in planet but of various stellar and planetary types. High-eccentricity migration is favored to explain such orbits for several evaporating warm Neptunes, supporting the role of late migration in shaping the desert and populating its rim. Putting our measurements in the wider context of the close-in planet population will be useful to investigate the various processes shaping their architectures.
Hint of an exocomet transit in the CHEOPS light curve of HD 172555
Authors: Kiefer F. , Van Grootel V. , Lecavelier des Etangs A. , Szabó Gy. M. , Brandeker A. , Broeg C. , Collier Cameron A. , Deline A. , Olofsson G. , Wilson T. G. , Sousa S. G. , Gandolfi D. , Hébrard G. , Alibert Y. , Alonso R. , Anglada G. , Bárczy T. , Barrado D. , Barros S. C. C. , Baumjohann W. , Beck M. , Beck T. , Benz W. , Billot N. , Bonfils X. , Cabrera J. , Charnoz S. , Csizmadia Sz. , Davies M. B. , Deleuil M. , Delrez L. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Demory B.-O. , Ehrenreich D. , Erikson A. , Fortier A. , Fossati L. , Fridlund M. , Gillon M. , Güdel M. , Heng K. , Hoyer S. , Isaak K. G. , Kiss L. L. , Laskar J. , Lendl M. , Lovis C. , Magrin D. , Maxted P. F. L. , Munari M. , Nascimbeni V. , Ottensamer R. , Pagano I. , Pallé E. , Peter G. , Piazza D. , Piotto G. , Pollacco D. , Queloz D. , Ragazzoni R. , Rando N. , Ratti F. , Rauer H. , Reimers C. , Ribas I. , Santos N. C. , Scandariato G. , Ségransan D. , Simon A. E. , Smith A. M. S. , Steller M. , Thomas N. , Udry S. , Walter I. , Walton N. A.
Published: January 2023

HD 172555 is a young (~20 Myr) A7V star surrounded by a 10 au wide debris disk suspected to be replenished partly by collisions between large planetesimals. Small evaporating transiting bodies, that is exocomets, have also been detected in this system by spectroscopy. After β Pictoris, this is another example of a system possibly witnessing a phase of the heavy bombardment of planetesimals. In such a system, small bodies trace dynamical evolution processes. We aim to constrain their dust content by using transit photometry. We performed a 2-day-long photometric monitoring of HD 172555 with the CHEOPS space telescope in order to detect shallow transits of exocomets with a typical expected duration of a few hours. The large oscillations in the light curve indicate that HD 172555 is a δ Scuti pulsating star. After removing those dominating oscillations, we found a hint of a transient absorption. If fitted with an exocomet transit model, it would correspond to an evaporating body passing near the star at a distance of 6.8±1.4R★ (or 0.05±0.01 au) with a radius of 2.5 km. These properties are comparable to those of the exocomets already found in this system using spectroscopy, as well as those found in the β Pic system. The nuclei of the Solar System's Jupiter family comets, with radii of 2-6 km, are also comparable in size. This is the first piece of evidence of an exocomet photometric transit detection in the young system of HD 172555.
New upper limits on low-frequency radio emission from isolated neutron stars with LOFAR
Authors: Pastor-Marazuela I. , Straal S. M. , van Leeuwen J. , Kondratiev V. I.
Published: January 2023

Neutron stars that show X-ray and γ-ray pulsed emission must generate electron-positron pairs somewhere in the magnetosphere. Pairs like this are also required for radio emission, which poses the question why a number of these sources appear to be radio quiet. We carried out a deep radio search toward four such neutron stars that are isolated X-ray or γ-ray pulsars, but for which no radio pulsations have been detected so far. These sources are 1RXS J141256.0+792204 (Calvera), PSR J1958+2846, PSR J1932+1916, and SGR J1907+0919. A search at lower radio frequencies, where the radio beam is thought to be wider, increases the chances of detecting these sources compared to the earlier higher-frequency searches. We thus carried out a search for periodic and single-pulse radio emission with the LOFAR radio telescope at 150 MHz. We used the known periods and searched a wide range of dispersion measures because the distances are only poorly constrained. We did not detect pulsed emission from any of the four sources. However, we place highly constraining upper limits on the radio flux density at 150 MHz, of ≲1.4 mJy.
Properties of a ternary infinite word
Authors: Currie James , Ochem Pascal , Rampersad Narad , Shallit Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

We study the properties of the ternary infinite word

p = 012102101021012101021012⋯,

that is, the fixed point of the map h : 0 → 01, 1 → 21, 2 → 0. We determine its factor complexity, critical exponent, and prove that it is 2-balanced. We compute its abelian complexity and determine the lengths of its bispecial factors. Finally, we give a characterization of p in terms of avoided factors.
Recent Advances in the Dearomative Skeletal Editing of Mono-azaarenes
Authors: Jin Shengnan , Wang Qilin , Zhang Pengke , Hua Lin , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: January 2023

Despite its challenges, the skeletal editing of mono-azaarenes (pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines) has shown unparalleled synthetic utility in the construction of complex molecules that are difficult to access by conventional methods. In this short review, we summarize the three most recently developed skeletal editing strategies for the deconstruction of azaarene cores, with a focus on their generality, limitations, and mechanistic aspects. Also, the application of the skeletal editing strategy in the total synthesis of some important natural products is discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Skeletal Editing of Mono-Azaarenes through Zincke-like Reactions

3 Skeletal Editing of Mono-azaarenes through Aza-Buchner Reactions

4 Skeletal Editing of Mono-azaarenes via Photoinduced Radical or Energy-Transfer Processes

5 Conclusion
Cirrhosis Management in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Smith Thomas N. , Gallo de Moraes Alice , Simonetto Douglas A.
Published: January 2023

Patients with cirrhosis frequently require admission to the intensive care unit as complications arise in the course of their disease. These admissions are associated with high short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Thus, understanding and characterizing complications and unique needs of patients with cirrhosis and acute-on-chronic liver failure helps providers identify appropriate level of care and evidence-based treatments. While there is no widely accepted critical care admission criteria for patients with cirrhosis, the presence of organ failure and primary or nosocomial infections are associated with particularly high in-hospital mortality. Optimal management of patients with cirrhosis in the critical care setting requires a system-based approach that acknowledges deviations from canonical pathophysiology. In this review, we discuss appropriate considerations and evidence-based practices for the general care of patients with cirrhosis and critical illness.
Growth Hormone Signaling in Liver Diseases: Therapeutic Potentials and Controversies
Authors: Oxley Madisyn , Francis Heather , Sato Keisaku
Published: January 2023

Growth hormone (GH) and downstream insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling mediate growth and metabolism. GH deficiency causes short stature or dwarfism, and excess GH causes acromegaly. Although the association of GH/IGF1 signaling with liver diseases has been suggested previously, current studies are controversial and the functional roles of GH/IGF1 signaling are still undefined. GH supplementation therapy showed promising therapeutic effects in some patients, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, but inhibition of GH signaling may be beneficial for other liver diseases, such as hepatocellular carcinoma. The functional roles of GH/IGF1 signaling and the effects of agonists/antagonists targeting this signaling may differ depending on the liver injury or animal models. This review summarizes current controversial studies of GH/IGF1 signaling in liver diseases and discusses therapeutic potentials of GH therapy.
Utility of Recipient Cardiothoracic Ratio in Predicting Delayed Chest Closure after Heart Transplantation
Authors: Sukhavasi Amrita , Ahmad Danial , Austin Melissa , Rame J. Eduardo , Entwistle John W. , Massey Howard T. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang
Published: January 2023

Background Predicted cardiac mass (PCM) has been well validated for size matching donor hearts to heart transplantation recipients. We hypothesized that cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) could be reflective of recipient-specific limits of oversizing, and sought to determine the utility of donor to recipient PCM ratio (PCMR) and CTR in predicting delayed chest closure after heart transplantation.

Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data on 38 consecutive heart transplantations performed at our institution from 2017 to 2020 was performed. Donor and recipient PCM were estimated using Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis predictive models. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine the discriminatory power of the ratio of PCMR to CTR in predicting delayed sternal closure.

Results Of the 38 patients, 71.1% (27/38) were male and the median age at transplantation was 58 (interquartile range [IQR]: 47–62) years. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was present in 31.6% of recipients (12/38). Median recipient CTR was 0.63 [IQR: 0.59–0.66]. Median donor to recipient PCMR was 1.07 [IQR: 0.96–1.19], which indicated 7% oversizing. Thirteen out of 38 (34.2%) underwent delayed sternal closure. Primary graft dysfunction occurred in 15.8% (6/38). PCMR/CTR showed good discriminatory power in predicting delayed sternal closure [area under the curve: 80.4% (65.3–95.6%)]. PCMR/CTR cut-off of 1.7 offered the best trade-off between the sensitivity (69.6%) and specificity (91.7%).

Conclusion CTR could be helpful in guiding the recipient-specific extent of oversizing donor hearts. Maintaining the ratio of PCMR to CTR below 1.7 could avoid excessive oversizing of the donor heart.
Job Satisfaction, Well-Being, and Burnout among Ophthalmology Educators
Authors: Sealey Karissa N. , Blatt Stephen A. , Legault Gary L. , Godfrey Kyle J. , Syed Misha F.
Published: January 2023

Purpose This article assesses the prevalence of burnout among ophthalmology educators and identifies opportunities to improve well-being in this population.

Methods The research team conducted a cross-sectional study using an institutional review board-exempt survey addressing the domains of the Maslach Burnout Inventory, intent to leave, and interest in wellness activities. Survey participants included ophthalmology residency program directors (PDs) and associate PDs (APDs) who are members of the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO). Analysis involved a top-box approach.

Results Surveys were sent to 175 members with a response rate of 38.9%. Percentages of survey respondents reporting either (1) “never” or (2) “less than a few times per year” when asked to self-assess for certain manifestations of burnout are as follows: “considering residents as impersonal objects” (95.2%), “becoming more callous towards people” (90.3%), and “becoming emotionally hardened” (80.6%). Approximately 65% of ophthalmology educators reported never considering or rarely considering leaving their position in the year prior to completing the survey. For wellness promotion among AUPO educators, the greatest interest was in small group mentoring sessions (85%) and webinars on wellness-related topics (70%).

Conclusion The prevalence of burnout symptoms among ophthalmology educators compares favorably to educators from other specialties. Ophthalmology PDs and APDs demonstrate a greater degree of personal accomplishment than do their cohorts within other specialties, suggesting a decreased likelihood of burnout onset among ophthalmology educators. Furthermore, our study's job satisfaction data reveal a high degree of satisfaction among ophthalmology PDs and APDs.
The Importance of Engaging in Scientific Research during Medical Training
Authors: Bhuiya Tanzim , Makaryus Amgad N.
Published: January 2023

Many components of required skills and competencies exist, and are felt to contribute to the successful completion of training for independent practice in the medical field as a physician. These requirements are documented and detailed in a temporal fashion during the training period and used for advancement during training as well as documentation of successful completion of that training. While clinical skill development that allows optimal care and treatment of patients is of utmost importance during this training, other components of the training are important and contribute to the ideal development of a well-rounded and credentialed physician. One of these other components which is very important and needs to be recognized is the engagement of medical trainees across disciplines in academic and research scholarly activity. This engagement is an important component of medical training, and the development of skills and didactics geared toward efficient and accurate performance of research is essential.
From Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision to Transanal Transection with Single-Stapled: Evolution of Transanal Techniques
Authors: Crippa Jacopo , Foppa Caterina , Spinelli Antonino
Published: January 2023

The last decades have seen a remarkable improvement in colorectal surgery, as new techniques and protocols have been developed and adopted. Restoring the continuity of the intestinal tract after low rectal surgery remains one unresolved challenge. The development of new transanal techniques to approach the lowest rectum paved the way for a switch in mentality. Transanal total mesorectal excision has seen a steep adoption by colorectal surgeons, combining the transanal pathway with the use of minimally invasive techniques to overcome the historical difficulties of the anterior approach. One step ahead in the evolution of the transanal approach could be represented by the recently described transanal transection with single stapled technique, developed to address the main concerns of previous transanal approaches thus providing oncological and functional balance.
Radiographic Evaluation of Fractured and Non-Fractured Metacarpal Bones in Holstein Calves Subjected to Pulling during Dystocia
Authors: Akin Ibrahim , Sevil-Kilimci Figen , Yaygingul Rahime , Bardakcioglu Husnu Erbay
Published: January 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate the transverse cortical cross-sections of the metacarpal bones of newborn calves subjected to pulling during dystocia.

Materials and Methods In total, radiographs of 63 metacarpal bones (35 fractured and 28 non-fractured) of 50 Holstein calves were evaluated in this study. According to the declaration of the owners, all calves were pulled by their metacarpal bones during parturition.

The periosteal and endosteal diameters, medial and lateral cortical thicknesses and dorsal and palmar cortical thicknesses were measured. Furthermore, the total, cortical and medullary areas of each section, moments of inertia on the X and Y axes, major and minor principal moments of inertia, angle of rotation of the axis and polar moment of inertia were calculated. The data were analysed by sex and body weight.

Results Body weight did not affect the bone status. However, females had a 6.5 times higher risk of bone fracture as compared with the males (p = 0.001). The lateral cortical thickness of the fractured bones in the female animals was thinner than that of the male animals (p = 0.001).

Conclusion These results can be used to improve dystocia manipulations, encourage the development of new tools for dystocia and the treatment of metacarpal fractures in calves.
Role of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Species Identification of Acinetobacter Strains
Authors: Krishnaraj Anusha , Gupta Pratima , Bhatia Mohit , Omar Balram Ji
Published: January 2023

Introduction Acinetobacter species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years.

Objectives The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of Acinetobacter species with respect to conventional biochemical methods and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility test results Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method with MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system.

Materials and Methods The study sample comprised 100 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species. They were all identified using MALDI-TOF MS and compared with other two identification systems.

Statistical Analysis Comparison of categorical variables by Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test was done. All statistical tools were two tailed, and a significant level p < 0.05 was used. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS v22.0 (Armonk IBM Corp., New York, United States). Cohen's kappa coefficients were also calculated and used as applicable.

Results MALDI-TOF MS revealed 92 A. baumannii, 2 Acinetobacter nosocomialis, 3 Acinetobacter lwoffii, and 1 each was identified as Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Acinetobacter tandoii. There was moderate agreement between identification by MicroScan WalkAway and MALDI-TOF, and substantial agreement between conventional biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. We found that there was a 100% categorical agreement with respect to susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) and cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime) between disk diffusion method and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system. Total of 16 errors were observed.

Conclusion Although MALDI-TOF MS could be useful to identify A. baumannii but not other species in the genus, it is a rapid, reliable method and can be routinely used in clinical laboratories.
Populism, cyberdemocracy and disinformation: analysis of the social media strategies of the French extreme right in the 2014 and 2019 European elections
Authors: Carral Uxía , Tuñón Jorge , Elías Carlos
Published: January 2023

Since the European elections in 2014, the populist formations had been increasing the shares of power that their masses finally claimed in the May 2019 elections. In the case of France, this rise of the Rassemblement National has even given rise to a new political regime: the Europeanism of Macron vs. the Euroscepticism of Le Pen. This paper aims to delve into the communication strategy of the latter formation, to see how it has been able to shift the party’s fascist image towards that of a protector of national sovereignty and interests (against the European ones). To this end, the 1256 tweets posted on its official Twitter profile during the fortnight of the 2014 and 2019 European election campaigns have been qualitatively analysed. The results point to a whitening of its image, in order to present itself as a potential voting option for the majority of the French electorate while retaining a certain populist essence.
Complex network analysis unravels early indicators of cyclone merger
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: January 2023

Novel approach to studying vortical interactions across multiple scales facilitates a deeper understanding of binary cyclone interactions
Cloud and microjet mix: A possible source of yield limitation of the National Ignition Facility targets
Authors: McCall Gene H.
Published: January 2023

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) megajoule laser at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has produced a significant amount of useful physics results related to inertial confinement fusion since it began operating in 2010. However, the achievement of its primary goal of generating ignition in a thermonuclear plasma has proven elusive, and measured yields were far below those expected under ideal illumination and target structure conditions. The reason for the limited yields has not been explained in detail. This work proposes and shows support for the possibility that the low yields may be, at least partly, the result of ejecta from the interior of the target containment and driving shell.
Recent progress in the theory of bulk photovoltaic effect
Authors: Dai Zhenbang , Rappe Andrew M.
Published: January 2023

The bulk photovoltaic effect (BPVE) occurs in solids with broken inversion symmetry and refers to DC generation due to uniform illumination, without the need of heterostructures or interfaces, a feature that is distinct from the traditional photovoltaic effect. Its existence has been demonstrated almost 50 years ago, but predictive theories only appeared in the last ten years, allowing for the identification of different mechanisms and the determination of their relative importance in real materials. It is now generally accepted that there is an intrinsic mechanism that is insensitive to scattering, called shift current, where first-principles calculations can now give highly accurate predictions. Another important but more extrinsic mechanism, called ballistic current, is also attracting a great deal of attention, but due to the complicated scattering processes, its numerical calculation for real materials is only made possible quite recently. In addition, an intrinsic ballistic current, usually referred to as injection current, will appear under circularly polarized light and has wide application in experiments. In this review, experiments that are pertinent to the theory development are reviewed, and a significant portion is devoted to discussing the recent progress in the theories of BPVE and their numerical implementations. As a demonstration of the capability of the newly developed theories, a brief review of the materials' design strategies enabled by the theory development is given. Finally, remaining questions in the BPVE field and possible future directions are discussed to inspire further investigations.
Temperature and angle dependent magnetic imaging of biological iron nanoparticles using quantum diamond microscopy
Authors: de Gille R. W. , Healey A. J. , Robertson I. O. , Hall L. T. , Tetienne J.-P. , Malkemper E. P. , Keays D. A. , Hollenberg L. C. L. , Simpson D. A.
Published: January 2023

Quantum diamond microscopy is an emerging versatile technique for studying the magnetic properties of materials. It has been applied extensively in condensed matter physics and materials science and has blossomed into a unique platform for the magnetic study of biological systems. To date, biological demonstrations of quantum diamond microscopy have been performed under ambient conditions. Here, we extend this magnetic microscopy platform to cryogenic temperatures to study magnetic anisotropy and the blocking temperature from an individual iron organelle found within the inner ear of pigeons. Our work confirms that the interface between thin histological tissue sections and diamond can be maintained under cryogenic temperatures. Our magnetic images provide evidence of magnetic anisotropy from a single iron organelle with sub-cellular resolution using this correlative optical imaging method. This approach may be extended to a broad range of systems where magnetic materials play structural and functional roles in biological systems.
Nonlinear excitation of energetic-particle-driven geodesic acoustic mode by ions drift waves
Authors: Ren Haijun , Huang Handi
Published: January 2023

Nonlinear excitation of geodesic acoustic mode (GAM) by ions drift waves in the presence of energetic particles (EPs) is investigated through the hybrid model of fluid description and gyro-kinetic description, while the bulk ions temperature anisotropy and toroidal rotation are taken into account simultaneously. The coupling relation of EPs and the nonlinear effects on GAM is analytically derived and discussed. It is found that the nonlinear excitation can split inherent energetic-particle-driven GAM (EGAM) branches into different growth rates. For the intrinsic stable high frequency EGAM branch, the nonlinear effect generates a growth/damping rate. For the low frequency branches with inherent growth/damping rates due to the EPs, the nonlinearity cooperates with EPs in the excitation process.
Research on portfolio optimization under asymmetric power-law distribution of return tail
Authors: Feng Qian-Ying , Wu Xu , Zhang Lin-Lin , Li Jia
Published: January 2023

An effective portfolio selection model is constructed on the premise of measuring accurately the risk and return on assets. According to the reality that asset returns obey the asymmetric power-law distribution, this paper first builds two fractal statistical measures, fractal expectation and fractal variance to measure the asset returns and risks, inspired by the method of measuring the curve length in the fractal theory. Then, by incorporating the fractal statistical measure into the return–risk criterion, a portfolio selection model based on the fractal statistical measure is established, namely, the fractal portfolio selection model, and the closed-form solution of the model is given. Finally, through empirical analysis, it is found that under the constraints of typical factual characteristics that the asset returns obey the asymmetric power-law distribution, the fractal portfolio is better than the traditional portfolio as a whole, which not only can improve the investment performance but also has better robustness. The validity of the fractal investment portfolio is experimentally tested.