bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of hemicellulose‐carboxymethyl cellulose blend films: Enhancement of the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties
Authors: Abu Hassan Nur Adilah , Fazlina Farah , Teng Leong Pui , Nurul Fazita Mohamad Rawi , Leh Cheu Peng , Kosugi Akihiko , Arai Takamitsu , Chen R. S. , Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the influence of hemicellulose (Hc) on the chemical composition, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and morphology of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Hc was isolated from oil palm trunk and then added into CMC at 10–30 wt% to prepare Hc‐CMC films via solution casting method. The addition of Hc resulted in reduced visual transparency, rendering the blend films opaque. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy verified the chemical interaction between Hc and CMC by revealing persistent and robust hydrogen bonding at specific spectral peaks (3483–3045 cm−1). The interaction between Hc and CMC was further indicated by the rougher interfacial structure as revealed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thermal analysis via differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analysis indicated a decrement in thermal stability as Hc loadings increased in the CMC films. The highest tensile properties were observed in Hc‐CMC blend films at a 20 wt% Hc loading, showcasing notable enhancement about 23%. The 20 wt% Hc‐CMC blend films appeared as more suitable blending composition which having an enhanced physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties. This finding underscores its potential applicability in diverse industrial sectors, particularly in packaging applications.
Production and properties of electrically conductive polymer composites reinforced with cotton threads
Authors: Kondratov Alexander P. , Lozitskaya Anastasiya V. , Volinsky Alex A.
Published: March 2024

The problem of strength loss in electrically conductive composites made with dispersed fillers in the polymer binder is solved by spraying an aerosol of graphite on a textile material with a 3D weave of threads, or on knitwear of fibers with various structure and chemical composition. The loose microstructure of cotton fibers and the developed surface of elastic filaments made of synthetic polymers retain colloidal graphite particles in a layered composite during cyclic deformation. The electrical conductivity of knitwear with graphite changes during stretching due to the reversible displacement of graphite particles, first during straightening and then during stretching of elastic threads. The 130 ± 5 strain sensitivity GF and 12,000 ± 95 кPa−1 stress sensitivity QF of the composites presented in this paper exceed the corresponding parameters of known electrically conductive composites. The combination of a significant change in electrical conductivity with the elasticity of the developed knitwear‐based composite is important for the use in load cells, smart clothes, medical devices, and robotics.
Host cell protein networks as a novel co‐elution mechanism during protein A chromatography
Authors: Panikulam Sherin , Hanke Alexander , Kroener Frieder , Karle Anette , Anderka Oliver , Villiger Thomas K. , Lebesgue Nicolas
Published: March 2024

Host cell proteins (HCPs) are process‐related impurities of therapeutic proteins produced in for example, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Protein A affinity chromatography is the initial capture step to purify monoclonal antibodies or Fc‐based proteins and is most effective for HCP removal. Previously proposed mechanisms that contribute to co‐purification of HCPs with the therapeutic protein are either HCP‐drug association or leaching from chromatin heteroaggregates. In this study, we analyzed protein A eluates of 23 Fc‐based proteins by LC‐MS/MS to determine their HCP content. The analysis revealed a high degree of heterogeneity in the number of HCPs identified in the different protein A eluates. Among all identified HCPs, the majority co‐eluted with less than three Fc‐based proteins indicating a drug‐specific co‐purification for most HCPs. Only ten HCPs co‐purified with over 50% of the 23 Fc‐based proteins. A correlation analysis of HCPs identified across multiple protein A eluates revealed their co‐elution as HCP groups. Functional annotation and protein interaction analysis confirmed that some HCP groups are associated with protein‐protein interaction networks. Here, we propose an additional mechanism for HCP co‐elution involving protein‐protein interactions within functional networks. Our findings may help to guide cell line development and to refine downstream purification strategies.
CaRE@ELLICSR: Effects of a clinically integrated, group‐based, multidimensional cancer rehabilitation program
Authors: Lopez Christian J. , Santa Mina Daniel , Tan Victoria , Maganti Manjula , Pritlove Cheryl , Bernstein Lori J. , Langelier David M. , Chang Eugene , Jones Jennifer M.
Published: March 2024

Background

Although oncology clinical practice guidelines recognize the need and benefits of exercise, the implementation of these services into cancer care delivery remains limited. We developed and evaluated the impact of a clinically integrated 8‐week exercise and education program (CaRE@ELLICSR).

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods, prospective cohort study to examine the effects of the program. Each week, participants attended a 1‐h exercise class, followed by a 1.5‐h education session. Questionnaires, 6‐min walk tests (6MWT), and grip strength were completed at baseline (T0), 8 weeks (T1), and 20 weeks (T2). Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a sub‐sample of participants about their experience with the program.

Results

Between September 2017 and February 2020, 277 patients enrolled in the program and 210 consented to participate in the research study. The mean age of participants was 55 years. Participants were mostly female (78%), white/Caucasian (55%) and half had breast cancer (50%). Participants experienced statistical and clinically meaninful improvements from T0 to T1 in disability, 6MWT, grip strength, physical activity, and several cancer‐related symptoms. These outcomes were maintained 3 months after program completion (T2). Qualitative interviews supported these findings and three themes emerged from the interviews: (1) empowerment and control, (2) supervision and internal program support, and (3) external program support.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the impact of overcoming common organizational barriers to deliver exercise and rehabilitation as part of routine care. CaRE@ELLICSR demonstrated clinically meaningful improvements in patient‐reported and functional outcomes and was considered beneficial and important by participants for their recovery and wellbeing.
The generation of glioma organoids and the comparison of two culture methods
Authors: Zhang Yang , Shao Yunxiang , Li Yanyan , Li Xuetao , Zhang Xuewen , E Qinzhi , Wang Weichao , Jiang Zuoyu , Gan Wenjuan , Huang Yulun
Published: March 2024

Background

The intra‐ and inter‐tumoral heterogeneity of gliomas and the complex tumor microenvironment make accurate treatment of gliomas challenging. At present, research on gliomas mainly relies on cell lines, stem cell tumor spheres, and xenotransplantation models. The similarity between traditional tumor models and patients with glioma is very low.

Aims

In this study, we aimed to address the limitations of traditional tumor models by generating patient‐derived glioma organoids using two methods that summarized the cell diversity, histological features, gene expression, and mutant profiles of their respective parent tumors and assess the feasibility of organoids for personalized treatment.

Materials and Methods

We compared the organoids generated using two methods through growth analysis, immunohistological analysis, genetic testing, and the establishment of xenograft models.

Results

Both types of organoids exhibited rapid infiltration when transplanted into the brains of adult immunodeficient mice. However, organoids formed using the microtumor method demonstrated more similar cellular characteristics and tissue structures to the parent tumors. Furthermore, the microtumor method allowed for faster culture times and more convenient operational procedures compared to the Matrigel method.

Discussion

Patient‐derived glioma organoids, especially those generated through the microtumor method, present a promising avenue for personalized treatment strategies. Their capacity to faithfully mimic the cellular and molecular characteristics of gliomas provides a valuable platform for elucidating tumor biology and evaluating therapeutic modalities.

Conclusion

The success rates of the Matrigel and microtumor methods were 45.5% and 60.5%, respectively. The microtumor method had a higher success rate, shorter establishment time, more convenient passage and cryopreservation methods, better simulation of the cellular and histological characteristics of the parent tumor, and a high genetic guarantee.
Quercetin‐induced degradation of RhoC suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Huang Chunlong , Lai Weihua , Mao Shuai , Song Deli , Zhang Jihong , Xiao Xiao
Published: March 2024

Background

Tumor metastasis and recurrence are major causes of mortality in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that is still lack of effective therapeutic targets and drugs. Previous reports implied that ras homolog family member C (RhoC) plays a toxic role on metastasis and proliferation of cancer.

Methods

In this research, the correlation between RhoC and metastasis ability was confirmed by in vitro experiments and TCGA database. We explored whether quercetin could inhibit cell migration or invasion by transwell assay. Real‐time PCR, overexpression and ubiquitination assay, etc. were applied in mechanism study. Primary HCC cells and animal models including patient‐derived xenografts (PDXs) were employed to evaluate the anti‐metastasis effects of quercetin.

Results

Clinical relevance and in vitro experiments further confirmed the level of RhoC was positively correlated with invasion and metastasis ability of HCC. Then we uncovered that quercetin could attenuate invasion and metastasis of HCC by downregulating RhoC's level in vitro, in vivo and PDXs. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations displayed quercetin hindered the E3 ligase expression of SMAD specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (SMURF2) leading to enhancement of RhoC's ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation.

Conclusions

Our research has revealed the novel mechanisms quercetin regulates degradation of RhoC level by targeting SMURF2 and identified quercetin may be a potential compound for HCC therapy.
Developmental outcomes in Italian young cancer survivors: The effect of lack of social support in physical activity practice on quality of life and mental health
Authors: Gentile Ambra , Bartolo Luca Di , Ficarra Salvatore , Ortega‐Gómez Sonia , Jiménez‐Pavón David , Vantarakis Apostolos , Velissari Joanna , Tavares Paula , Gomes Beatriz , Thaller Joshua , Papakonstantinou Sofia , Kirkar Musa , Glorioso Francesca , Pusa Susanna , Galioto Marina , Bianco Antonino , Alesi Marianna
Published: March 2024

Life expectancy among young cancer survivors has increased in the last decades. Unfortunately, young cancer survivors might still experience mental and physical issues due to cancer treatment. Moreover, although physical activity is a valid tool for increasing social support and reducing the risk of obesity, sedentary behaviour is very common among young cancer survivors. Therefore, the current pilot study aims to estimate lack of social support impact on physical activity practice on mental health and quality of life. A sample of 69 Italian young cancer survivors (60% females) were included in the study and physical activity, anxiety, depression and quality of life were assessed by self‐reported questionnaires. The results showed that a lack of social support for exercising was connected to higher depressive symptoms, while no influence was detected on anxiety. Concerning quality of life, the analysis of variance model showed a significant effect of the lack of social support on physical mobility but not on self‐care, usual activities, pain and discomfort and general health. In conclusion, integrating physical activity in young cancer survivors' lifestyle, considering cancer‐related side effects, might enhance their mental health and quality of life by providing social support at the same time. Healthcare professionals should evaluate the feasibility and support adapted physical activity programmes for young cancer survivors, to reduce the risk of depression and obesity, among others.
Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Effects of Two New Phenylpropanoid Sucrose Esters and Other Secondary Metabolites from the Aerial Part of Canna edulis
Authors: Nguyen Thi Van Anh , Nguyen Thi Minh Hang , Ha Thi Thoa , Nguyen Thuy Duong , Bui Duc Huy
Published: March 2024

This study isolated pure compounds from Canna edulis aerial parts and assessed their antiplatelet and anticoagulant potential. Structural elucidation resulted in the identification of two new compounds: caneduloside A (1) and caneduloside B (2), and eleven known compounds: 6’‐acetyl‐3,6,2’‐tri‐p‐coumaroyl sucrose (3), 6′‐acetyl‐3,6,2′‐triferuloyl sucrose (4), tiliroside (5), afzelin (6), quercitrin (7), 2‐hydroxycinnamaldehyde (8), cinnamic acid (9), 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamic acid (10), dehydrovomifoliol (11), 4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐dimethoxybenzaldehyde (12), and (S)‐(−)‐rosmarinic acid (13). Compounds 3, 4, 6–9, 13 were previously reported for antithrombotic properties. Hence, antithrombotic tests were conducted for 1, 2, 5, 10–12. All tested compounds demonstrated a dose‐dependent antiaggregatory effect, and 10 and 12 were the most potent for both ADP and collagen activators. Additionally, 10 and 12 showed anticoagulant effects, with prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. The new compound 1 displayed antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity, while 2 mildly inhibited platelet aggregation. C. edulis is a potential source for developing antithrombotic agents.
Understanding the Performance of (Ni−Fe−Co−Ce)Ox‐Based Water Oxidation Catalysts via Explainable Artificial Intelligence Framework
Authors: Rossener Regonia Paul , Pelicano Christian Mark
Published: March 2024

Among the most active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts, mixed metal oxides based on Ni, Fe, and Co metals are recognized as economical yet excellent replacements for RuO2 and IrOx. However, tuning and searching for optimal compositions of multi–element–compound electrocatalysts is a big challenge in catalysis research. Conventional materials screening experiments and theoretical simulations are labor–intensive and time–consuming. Machine learning offers a promising paradigm for accelerating electrocatalyst research and simultaneously understanding composition–activity correlation. Herein, we introduce an Explainable AI (XAI) framework for predicting the electrocatalytic performance of OER catalysts. By integrating the robust Random Forest (RF) model for machine learning with the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method for model explanation, we achieved accurate predictions of the overpotential for various compositions of (Ni−Fe−Co−Ce)Ox catalysts (R2=0.8221). More importantly, we obtained valuable insights into how each metal and their interactions influence the overpotential of the catalysts. Our results highlight the versatility of the RF model with SHAP in identifying the optimal composition of (Ni−Fe−Co−Ce)Ox catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, showing its potential applicability across various catalyst synthesis methods. Finally, we anticipate that this work will lead to exciting possibilities in designing highly active multi–element compound electrocatalysts with the aid of explainable AI.
Poisoning Mechanism of the CO and H2S Mixture on the Anode of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Park Sunjin , Oh Hyeongkyun , Kim Hansung
Published: March 2024

Despite the coexistence of CO and H2S in reformed hydrogen, studies on the interaction between impurities are lacking. In this study, the co‐poisoning effect of CO and H2S on a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is systematically investigated using a hydrogen reference electrode inserted into a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Notably, when CO and H2S are present simultaneously, the poisoning rate is accelerated and is higher than the simple sum of the poisoning by the individual gases, suggesting a complex synergic effect between the two gases. This phenomenon can be attributed to the potential‐dependent behavior of H2S poisoning, whereas CO poisoning remains independent of the potential but depends on the total poisoning time. Therefore, the potential of the anode rises over time due to the time‐dependent CO poisoning, which accelerates the potential‐dependent H2S poisoning. As a result, the cell voltage decreases more rapidly in the CO and H2S mixture.
Inducing α‐Helicity in Peptides by Silver Coordination to Cysteine
Authors: Fischer Niklas , Tóth Annamária , Jancsó Attila , Thulstrup Peter , Diness Frederik
Published: March 2024

Short peptide sequences consisting of two cysteine residues separated by three other amino acids display complete change from random coil to α‐helical secondary structure in response to addition of Ag+ ions. The folded CXXXC/Ag+ complex involves formation of multinuclear Ag+ species and is stable in a wide pH range from below 3 to above 8. The complex is stable through reversed‐phase HPLC separation as well as towards a physiological level of chloride ions, based on far‐UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. In electrospray MS under acidic conditions a peptide dimer with four Ag+ ions bound was observed, and modelling based on potentiometric experiments supported this to be the dominating complex at neutral pH together with a peptide dimer with 3 Ag+ and one proton at lower pH. The complex was demonstrated to work as a N‐terminal nucleation site for inducing α‐helicity into longer peptides. This type of silver‐mediated peptide assembly and folding may be of more general use for stabilizing not only peptide folding but also for controlling oligomerization even under acidic conditions.
Cellular Uptake of Cell‐Penetrating Peptides Activated by Amphiphilic p‐Sulfonatocalix[4]arenes
Authors: Huang Chusen , Liu Yan‐Cen , Oh Hyeyoung , Guo Dong‐Sheng , Nau Werner M. , Hennig Andreas
Published: March 2024

We report the synthesis of a series of amphiphilic p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arenes with varying alkyl chain lengths (CX4‐Cn) and their application as efficient counterion activators for membrane transport of cell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs). The enhanced membrane activity is confirmed with the carboxyfluorescein (CF) assay in vesicles and by the direct cytosolic delivery of CPPs into CHO−K1, HCT 116, and KTC‐1 cells enabling excellent cellular uptake of the CPPs into two cancer cell lines. Intracellular delivery was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy after CPP entry into live cells mediated by CX4‐Cn, which was also quantified after cell lysis by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results present the first systematic exploration of structure‐activity relationships for calixarene‐based counterion activators and show that CX4‐Cn are exceptionally effective in cellular delivery of CPPs. The dodecyl derivative, CX4‐C12, serves as best activator. A first mechanistic insight is provided by efficient CPP uptake at 4 °C and in the presence of the endocytosis inhibitor dynasore, which indicates a direct translocation of the CPP‐counterion complexes into the cytosol and highlights the potential benefits of CX4‐Cn for efficient and direct translocation of CPPs and CPP‐conjugated cargo molecules into the cytosol of live cells.
Identification of the Cirratiomycin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster in Streptomyces Cirratus: Elucidation of the Biosynthetic Pathways for 2,3‐Diaminobutyric Acid and Hydroxymethylserine
Authors: Sakata Shunki , Li Jiafeng , Yasuno Yoko , Shinada Tetsuro , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Katsuyama Yohei , Ohnishi Yasuo
Published: March 2024

Cirratiomycin, a heptapeptide with antibacterial activity, was isolated and characterized in 1981; however, its biosynthetic pathway has not been elucidated. It contains several interesting nonproteinogenic amino acids, such as (2S,3S)‐2,3‐diaminobutyric acid ((2S,3S)‐DABA) and α‐(hydroxymethyl)serine, as building blocks. Here, we report the identification of a cirratiomycin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces cirratus. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that several Streptomyces viridifaciens and Kitasatospora aureofaciens strains also have this cluster. One S. viridifaciens strain was confirmed to produce cirratiomycin. The biosynthetic gene cluster was shown to be responsible for cirratiomycin biosynthesis in S. cirratus in a gene inactivation experiment using CRISPR‐cBEST. Interestingly, this cluster encodes a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) composed of 12 proteins, including those with an unusual domain organization: a stand‐alone adenylation domain, two stand‐alone condensation domains, two type II thioesterases, and two NRPS modules that have no adenylation domain. Using heterologous expression and in vitro analysis of recombinant enzymes, we revealed the biosynthetic pathway of (2S,3S)‐DABA: (2S,3S)‐DABA is synthesized from l‐threonine by four enzymes, CirR, CirS, CirQ, and CirB. In addition, CirH, a glycine/serine hydroxymethyltransferase homolog, was shown to synthesize α‐(hydroxymethyl)serine from d‐serine in vitro. These findings broaden our knowledge of nonproteinogenic amino acid biosynthesis.
Identification of Potential Inhibitors of the SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP13 Helicase via Structure‐Based Ligand Design, Molecular Docking and Nonequilibrium Alchemical Simulations
Authors: Di Paco Giorgio , Macchiagodena Marina , Procacci Piero
Published: March 2024

We have assembled a computational pipeline based on virtual screening, docking techniques, and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations, with the goal of identifying possible inhibitors of the SARS‐CoV‐2 NSP13 helicase, catalyzing by ATP hydrolysis the unwinding of double or single‐stranded RNA in the viral replication process inside the host cell. The druggable sites for broad‐spectrum inhibitors are represented by the RNA binding sites at the 5’ entrance and 3’ exit of the central channel, a structural motif that is highly conserved across coronaviruses. Potential binders were first generated using structure‐based ligand techniques. Their potency was estimated by using four popular docking scoring functions. Common docking hits for NSP13 were finally tested using advanced nonequilibrium alchemical techniques for binding free energy calculations on a high‐performing parallel cluster. Four potential NSP13 inhibitors with potency from submicrimolar to nanomolar were finally identified.
Computation offloading techniques in edge computing: A systematic review based on energy, QoS and authentication
Authors: Kanupriya  , Chana Inderveer , Goyal Raman Kumar
Published: March 2024

In today's era, Internet of Things (IoT) devices generate a vast amount of data, which is typically stored in the cloud environment and can be accessed by edge and IoT devices. The data generated by these devices are offloaded through computation offloading (CO) techniques in an edge/cloud computing environment. This paper conducts a systematic literature review (SLR) to review the state‐of‐the‐art CO techniques in edge computing (EC) in the context of energy, Quality of Service (QoS), authentication and traceability. In this SLR, the evolution of offloading techniques is analyzed in detail. A total of 138 articles, spanning from 2016 to 2023 (till date), have been classified into QoS, energy, and authentication and traceability‐based CO techniques. The optimization‐based techniques are the most preferred choices to improve the QoS and reduce energy in the research field of CO in EC. In addition, this paper explores the significant issues and challenges that require further investigation. For future research, energy, QoS, and data provenance for dependent or dynamic task offloading in mobility scenarios can be explored further.
Direct Conjugation of Gallium‐(III)‐Corroles to Short Interfering RNA(siRNA) Providing Real‐Time siRNA Imaging and Gene Silencing
Authors: Giorgees Ifrodet , Affe Vanessa , Williams Islah , Desaulniers Jean‐Paul
Published: March 2024

Discovering new modifications for oligonucleotide therapeutics is essential for expanding its application to new targets and diseases. In this project, we focus on conjugating metaled ligands to short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to investigate robust and simple conjugation methods for adding new properties such as real‐time imaging to the siRNA. Here we report the chemical synthesis of novel Ga‐(III)‐corroles for their direct conjugation to siRNAs. Ga‐(III)‐corrole‐siRNAs showed promising results when evaluated for gene silencing and live cell imaging. The knockdown activity of the firefly luciferase reporter gene was measured to evaluate gene silencing activity. Gene silencing studies from two 5’‐Ga‐(III)‐labeled‐siRNAs exhibited dose‐dependent knockdown with IC50s of 812.7 and 451.4 pM, which is comparable to wild‐type (IC50=439.7 pM) in the absence of red light, and IC50s of 562.9 and 354.5 pM, which is also comparable to wild‐type (IC50=337.4 pM), in the presence of red light. In addition, imaging studies with Ga‐(III)‐corrole‐modified siRNAs showed intense fluorescence in HeLa cells, highlighting that the Ga‐(III)‐corrole modification is an effective fluorophore for siRNA tracing and imaging. Moreover, the photodynamic activity of free base corrole vs the Ga‐(III)‐corrole was evaluated. Results show an increase of light cytotoxicity of the corrole ligand upon the addition of Ga‐(III); however, no phototoxicity was observed when Ga‐(III) ligands were linked to siRNA. In conclusion, Ga‐(III)‐corrole‐siRNAs show promising results for applications in simultaneous real‐time imaging and gene silencing.
Effect of Salts on Laccase‐Catalyzed Polymerization of Lignosulfonate
Authors: Mayr Sebastian A. , Rennhofer Harald , Gille Lars , Schwaiger Nikolaus , Nyanhongo Gibson S. , Weiss Renate , Guebitz Georg M.
Published: March 2024

Enzymatic polymerization of lignosulfonate (LS) has a high potential for various applications ranging from coatings to adhesives. Here, the effect of different ions in low concentrations on enzymatic polymerization of LS was investigated, including salt solutions consisting of mono‐ and dicarboxylic acids, sulfate, phosphate and chloride with sodium as counter ion. LS polymerization was followed by viscometry and size exclusion (SEC) chromatography. Interestingly, there was only a small effect of ions on the activity of the laccase on standard substrate ABTS, while the effect on polymerization of LS was substantially different. The presence of acetate led to a 39 % higher degree of polymerization (DP) for LS. Small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) revealed that the structure of the enzyme was largely unaffected by the ions, while the determination of the zeta potential showed that those ions conveying higher negative surface charges onto LS particles showed lower DPs, than those not affecting the surface charge. Further, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy showed 5‐times higher intensity in phenoxyl radicals for the monovalent ions compared to the divalent ones. It was concluded that the DPs of LS could be tuned in the presence of certain ions, by facilitating the interaction between the laccase substrate‐binding site and the LS molecules.
Testing effects of bottom‐up factors, grazing, and competition on New Zealand rocky intertidal algal communities
Authors: Spiecker Barbara J. , Menge Bruce A.
Published: March 2024

Top‐down and bottom‐up factors and their interaction highlight the interdependence of resources and consumer impacts on food webs and ecosystems. Variation in the strength of upwelling‐mediated ecological controls (i.e., light availability and herbivory) between early and late succession stages is less well understood from the standpoint of influencing algal functional group composition. We experimentally tested the effect of light, grazing, and disturbance on rocky intertidal turf‐forming algal communities. Studies were conducted on the South Island of New Zealand at Raramai on the east coast (a persistent downwelling region) and Twelve Mile Beach on the west coast (an intermittent upwelling region). Herbivory, light availability, and algal cover were manipulated and percent cover of major macroalgal functional groups and sessile invertebrates were measured monthly from October 2017 to March 2018. By distinguishing between algal functional groups and including different starting conditions in our design, we found that the mosaic‐like pattern of bare rock intermingled with diverse turf‐forming algae at Twelve Mile Beach was driven by a complex array of species interactions, including grazing, predation, preemptive competition and interference competition, colonization rates, and these interactions were modulated by light availability and other environmental conditions. Raramai results contrasted with those at Twelve Mile Beach in showing stronger effects of grazing and relatively weak effects of other interactions, low colonization rates of invertebrates, and light effects limited to crustose algae. Our study highlights the potential importance of an upwelling‐mediated 3‐way interaction among herbivory, light availability, and preemption in structuring contrasting low rocky intertidal macroalgal communities.
Nanogenerators: A Strong Backing for Human‐Centered Intelligent Self‐Powered Medical Systems
Authors: Wang Nan , Zhang Duoduo , Zhao Xiubo
Published: March 2024

With the progress of modern biotechnology and people's strong attention to the quality of life and health, intellectualization and individuation have become a new trend of biomedicine development. Nanogenerators which can collect energy from the surrounding environment and convert mechanical energy into electricity become an ideal choice for self‐powered medical systems. In this review article, two types of nanogenerators, friction triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG), and piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG), which are commonly used in self‐powered medical systems, are mainly introduced. The working mechanism and operation mode of PENG and TENG are introduced, and the mechanism and research progress of human‐centered intelligent self‐powered medical technologies based on PENG and TENG are focused on in the fields of drug delivery, wound healing, treatment for cardiovascular diseases and tumor, neuromodulation, and so on. In addition, also the opportunities and challenges facing the future development of wearable or implanted nanogenerators are introduced. In this review, it is hoped that a comprehensive overview and clarity will be provided for readers committed to self‐powered medical devices.
L‐Arginine‐Doped PFN‐Br as a Cathode Interlayer for Conventional Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Hu Mi , Xu Haoming , Deng Haoyun , Wang Yun , Yang Ting , Zhang Zhengli , Li Junli
Published: March 2024

The cathode interlayer (CIL) plays a crucial role in organic solar cells (OSCs), which can establish an Ohmic contact between the active layer and the electrode, lower the electron extraction barriers, and minimize the charge carrier recombination. The CIL modification is a useful strategy for improving the performance of OSCs. Herein, an inexpensive water–alcohol‐soluble material known as L‐Arginine (L‐Arg) is introduced as a modifier for the PFN‐Br CIL, leading to successful optimization of the CIL quality. Following L‐Arg modification, the work function of the CIL is lowered and the electron extraction is facilitated. L‐Arg assists in exciton dissociation while suppressing both bimolecular and trap‐assisted recombination processes. The modified CIL establishes superior contact with the metal electrode due to its enhanced hydrophilicity, which helps electron collection. Consequently, the average power conversion efficiency increases from 10.54% in the reference device to 11.17% in the optimally doped device.
An ensemble model for stock index prediction based on media attention and emotional causal inference
Authors: Wang Juanjuan , Zhou Shujie , Liu Wentong , Jiang Lin
Published: March 2024

Electronic and digital trading models have made stock trading more accessible and convenient, leading to exponential growth in trading data. With a wealth of trading data available, researchers have found opportunities to extract valuable insights by uncovering patterns in stock price movements and market dynamics. Deep learning models are increasingly being employed for stock price prediction. While neural networks offer superior computational capabilities compared with traditional statistical methods, their results often lack interpretability, limiting their utility in explaining stock price volatility and investment behavior. To address this challenge, we propose a causality‐based method that incorporates a multivariate approach, integrating news event attention sequences and sentiment index sequences. The goal is to capture the intricate and multifaceted relationships among news events, media sentiment, and stock prices. We illustrate the application of this proposed approach using a Global Database of Events, Language, and Tone global event database, demonstrating its benefits through the analysis of attention sequences and media sentiment index sequences for news events across various categories. This research not only identifies promising directions for further exploration but also offers insights with implications for informed investment decisions.
Text‐based corn futures price forecasting using improved neural basis expansion network
Authors: Wang Lin , An Wuyue , Li Feng‐Ting
Published: March 2024

The accurate forecasting of agricultural futures prices is critical for ensuring national food security. Therefore, this study proposes a text‐based deep learning forecasting model. This model first uses the ChineseBERT + a text convolution neural network to classify Weibo text and obtain a raw sentiment index. Then, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise, variational mode decomposition, correlation coefficient, and sample entropy are combined to decompose and reconstruct the raw sentiment index and obtain a denoised sentiment index. Subsequently, the neural basis expansion analysis with exogenous variables is improved by designing a weight coefficient and Optuna is used to optimize the designed weight coefficient and the hyperparameters. Finally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations value is used to increase the interpretability of prediction results. Corn futures prices for the Dalian Exchange are used in forecasting to validate the accuracy and stability of the proposed model. Experimental results show that the proposed denoising sentiment index contributes more to the improvement of predictive model performance than the raw sentiment index. The proposed text‐based deep predictive model demonstrates strong predictive ability for prediction horizons of 30 and 60 days. SHapley Additive exPlanations value analysis shows that the three features with greater effects on corn futures prices are as follows: “Corn Spot Price of Zhengzhou market,” “CBOT_corn_futures_price,” and “Pork futures price.”
Bitter melon extract mitigates heterocyclic aromatic amine formation in chicken thigh meat
Authors: Gumus Damla , Macit Arife , Guzel Bengu , Tengilimoglu‐Metin M. Merve , Kizil Mevlude
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the present research was to study the impact of bitter melon extract (BME) on the generation of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) in chicken thigh meat. Raw chicken samples were marinated overnight with various levels (0%, 0.5%, and 1%) of BME, and pan‐fried at 150, 200, and 250°C for a total of 10 min. IQx, IQ, MeIQx, MeIQ, 7,8‐DiMeIQx, 4,8‐DiMeIQx, PhIP, AαC, and MeAαC were detected in quantities that varied according to the cooking temperature and the concentration of BME. Notably, IQx, MeIQx, MeIQ, 7,8‐DiMeIQx, 4,8‐DiMeIQx, and AαC levels were reduced through the application of the marinade. Cooking at higher temperatures led to elevated levels of total HAAs. Total HAA levels were 0.98 ± 1.12 ng/g, 3.82 ± 2.12 ng/g, and 6.25 ± 3.35 ng/g in samples cooked at 150, 200, and 250°C, respectively (p < .01). BME demonstrated its effectiveness in mitigating total HAA levels, showing reductions ranging from 25.9% to 69.9%. The most effective concentration of BME in reducing total HAAs was 1% for all cooking temperatures, which might be attributed to its antioxidant activity. These results carry substantial implications for potentially incorporating natural extracts such as BME into chicken products as a viable strategy to reduce HAAs, thus enhancing the safety and quality of meat products.
Texture analysis of 18F‐FDG PET/CT and CECT: Prediction of refractoriness of Hodgkin lymphoma with mediastinal bulk involvement
Authors: Abenavoli Elisabetta M. , Linguanti Flavia , Anichini Matilde , Miele Vittorio , Mungai Francesco , Palazzo Marianna , Nassi Luca , Puccini Benedetta , Romano Ilaria , Sordi Benedetta , Sciagrà Roberto , Simontacchi Gabriele , Vannucchi Alessandro M. , Berti Valentina
Published: March 2024

To recognize patients at high risk of refractory disease, the identification of novel prognostic parameters improving stratification of newly diagnosed Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is still needed. This study investigates the potential value of metabolic and texture features, extracted from baseline 18F‐FDG Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET) and Contrast‐Enhanced Computed Tomography scan (CECT), together with clinical data, in predicting first‐line therapy refractoriness (R) of classical HL (cHL) with mediastinal bulk involvement. We reviewed 69 cHL patients who underwent staging PET and CECT. Lesion segmentation and texture parameter extraction were performed using the freeware software LIFEx 6.3. The prognostic significance of clinical and imaging features was evaluated in relation to the development of refractory disease. Receiver operating characteristic curve, Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan‐Meier analyses were performed to examine the potential independent predictors and to evaluate their prognostic value. Among clinical characteristics, only stage according to the German Hodgkin Group (GHSG) classification system significantly differed between R and not‐R. Among CECT variables, only parameters derived from second order matrices (gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) and gray‐level run length matrix (GLRLM) demonstrated significant prognostic power. Among PET variables, SUVmean, several variables derived from first (histograms, shape), and second order analyses (GLCM, GLRLM, NGLDM) exhibited significant predictive power. Such variables obtained accuracies greater than 70% at receiver operating characteristic analysis and their PFS curves resulted statistically significant in predicting refractoriness. At multivariate analysis, only HISTO_EntropyPET extracted from PET (HISTO_EntropyPET) and GHSG stage resulted as significant independent predictors. Their combination identified 4 patient groups with significantly different PFS curves, with worst prognosis in patients with higher HISTO_EntropyPET values, regardless of the stage. Imaging radiomics may provide a reference for prognostic evaluation of patients with mediastinal bulky cHL. The best prognostic value in the prediction of R versus not‐R disease was reached by combining HISTO_EntropyPET with GHSG stage.
The effect of a health belief model‐based education on nutritional behavior and biochemical factors of patients with myocardial infarction: A line follow‐up experimental study
Authors: Fatahian Fatemeh , Mohammadifard Noushin , Hassanzadeh Akbar , Shahnazi Hossein
Published: March 2024

Background and Aim

Myocardial infarction is a common cause of hospitalization, and nutritional behaviors are risk factors in such patients. The present study aimed to determine the effect of education based on the health belief model on nutritional behavior and indices in patients with myocardial infarction.

Methods

The present experimental study examined patients with myocardial infarction in 2021. Seventy‐two patients with myocardial infarction were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received educational interventions based on the health belief model in four 60‐min sessions for 3 months. The constructs of the health belief model, nutritional behavior, and indices were measured using a valid questionnaire before, 1, and 3 months after the intervention. At the end, the study data was analyzed using SPSS version 22 software.

Results

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the mean scores of knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, self‐efficacy, nutritional behaviors, and body mass index after the intervention (p < 0.05); however, no significant difference was found in the field of perceived barriers (p > 0.05). Biochemical factors also had a significant difference after the intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Educational intervention based on the health belief model is effective for myocardial infarction patients and has a significant impact on the constructs of perceived sensitivity, perceived intensity, perceived benefits, and self‐efficacy as well as biochemical factors, so it can be used to improve the nutritional status of patients suffered from a myocardial infarction.
Pyridostigmine attenuated high‐fat‐diet induced liver injury by the reduction of mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress via α7nAChR and M3AChR
Authors: Xue Runqing , Wu Qing , Guo Lulu , Ye Dan , Cao Qing , Zhang Meng , Xian Yushan , Chen Minchun , Yan Kangkang , Zheng Jie
Published: March 2024

Obesity is a major cause of nonalcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by hepatic fibrosis, lipotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system is closely related to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this study, we investigated the effects of pyridostigmine (PYR), a cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, on HFD‐induced liver injury and explored the potential mechanisms involving mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress. A murine model of HFD‐induced obesity was established using the C57BL/6 mice, and PYR (3 mg/kg/d) or placebo was administered for 20 weeks. PYR reduced the body weight and liver weight of the HFD‐fed mice. Additionally, the serum levels of IL‐6, TNF‐α, cholesterol, and triglyceride were significantly lower in the PYR‐treated versus the untreated mice, corresponding to a decrease in hepatic fibrosis, lipid accumulation, and apoptosis in the former. Furthermore, the mitochondrial morphology improved significantly in the PYR‐treated group. Consistently, PYR upregulated ATP production and the mRNA level of the mitochondrial dynamic factors OPA1, Drp1 and Fis1, and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) factors LONP1 and HSP60. Moreover, PYR treatment activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and upregulated HO‐1 and NQO‐1, which mitigated oxidative injury as indicated by decreased 8‐OHDG, MDA and H2O2 levels, and increased SOD activity. Finally, PYR elevated acetylcholine (ACh) levels by inhibiting AChE, and upregulated the α7nAChR and M3AChR proteins in the HFD‐fed mice. PYR alleviated obesity‐induced hepatic injury in mice by mitigating mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress via α7nAChR and M3AChR.
Phosphorus fractions and speciation in an alkaline, manured soil amended with alum, gypsum, and Epsom salt
Authors: Kumaragamage Darshani , Hettiarachchi Ganga M. , Amarakoon Inoka , Goltz Doug , Indraratne Srimathie
Published: March 2024

Snowmelt runoff is a dominant pathway of phosphorus (P) losses from agricultural lands in cold climatic regions. Soil amendments effectively reduce P losses from soils by converting P to less soluble forms; however, changes in P speciation in cold climatic regions with fall‐applied amendments have not been investigated. This study evaluated P composition in soils from a manured field with fall‐amended alum (Al2(SO4)3·18H2O), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), or Epsom salt (MgSO4·7H2O) using three complementary methods: sequential P fractionation, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐rays (SEM‐EDX) spectroscopy, and P K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). Plots were established in an annual crop field in southern Manitoba, Canada, with unamended and amended (2.5 Mg ha−1) treatments having four replicates in 2020 fall. Soil samples (0–10 cm) taken from each plot soon after spring snowmelt in 2021 were subjected to P fractionation. A composite soil sample for each treatment was analyzed using SEM‐EDX and XANES. Alum‐ and Epsom salt‐treated soils had significantly greater residual P fraction with a higher proportion of apatite‐like P and a correspondingly lower proportion of P sorbed to calcite (CaCO3) than unamended and gypsum‐amended soils. Backscattered electron imaging of SEM‐EDX revealed that alum‐ and Epsom salt‐amended treatments had P‐enriched microsites frequently associated with aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca), which was not observed in other treatments. Induced precipitation of apatite‐like species may have been responsible for reduced P loss to snowmelt previously reported with fall application of amendments.
Finding triangle‐free 2‐factors in general graphs
Authors: Hartvigsen David
Published: March 2024

A 2‐factor in a graph is a subset of edges such that every node of is incident with exactly two edges of . Many results are known concerning 2‐factors including a polynomial‐time algorithm for finding 2‐factors and a characterization of those graphs that have a 2‐factor. The problem of finding a 2‐factor in a graph is a relaxation of the NP‐hard problem of finding a Hamilton cycle. A stronger relaxation is the problem of finding a triangle‐free 2‐factor, that is, a 2‐factor whose edges induce no cycle of length 3. In this paper, we present a polynomial‐time algorithm for the problem of finding a triangle‐free 2‐factor as well as a characterization of the graphs that have such a 2‐factor and related min–max and augmenting path theorems.
The association between opioid use disorder and skilled nursing facility acceptances: A multicenter retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kuye Ifedayo O. , Prichett Laura M. , Stewart Rosalyn W. , Berkowitz Scott A. , Buresh Megan E.
Published: March 2024

Background

Prior single‐hospital studies have documented barriers to acceptance that hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) face when referred to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs).

Objective

To examine the impact of OUD on the number of SNF referrals and the proportion of referrals accepted.

Design, Settings, and Participants

A retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations with SNF referrals in 2019 at two academic hospitals in Baltimore, MD.

Exposure

OUD status was determined by receipt of medications for OUD during admission, upon discharge, or the presence of a diagnosis code for OUD.

Key Results

The cohort included 6043 hospitalizations (5440 hospitalizations of patients without OUD and 603 hospitalizations of patients with OUD). Hospitalizations of patients with OUD had more SNF referrals sent (8.9 vs. 5.6, p < .001), had a lower proportion of SNF referrals accepted (31.3% vs. 46.9%, p < .001), and were less likely to be discharged to an SNF (65.6% vs. 70.3%, p = .003). The effect of OUD status on the number of SNF referrals and the proportion of referrals accepted remained significant in multivariable analyses. Our subanalysis showed that reduced acceptances were driven by the hospitalizations of patients discharged without medications for OUD and those receiving methadone. Hospitalizations of patients discharged on buprenorphine were accepted at the same rates as hospitalizations of patients without OUD.

Conclusions

This multicenter retrospective cohort study found that hospitalizations of patients with OUD had more SNF referrals sent and fewer referrals accepted. Further work is needed to address the limited discharge options for patients with OUD.