bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Рішняк М. О. Право на страйк як основоположне право людини
Authors: Рішняк М. О.
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджено взаємозв’язок конфліктності, соціальних конфліктів і їх крайньої форми – страйків, з правами та інтересами людини, станом і розвитком суспільства, держави. Розглянуто страйки як найбільш гостру, крайню форму соціальних конфліктів, які становлять найбільшу соціальну небезпеку правам і свободам людини, суспільству і державі. Основну увагу зосереджено на дослідженні права на страйк як засобу захисту економічних і соціальних інтересів громадян. З’ясовано його роль і значення для існування і розвитку людини і суспільства, місце в колі основних прав людини.
Качанов Є. О. Характеристика основних елементів судової реформи України
Authors: Качанов Євген
Published: December 2024

У статті розглянуто характеристику основних елементів сучасної судової реформи України, а також теоретичні та практичні проблеми їх впровадження та реалізації. Визначено потенційні недоліки певних елементів реформи з метою наукової дискусії щодо шляхів їх подолання та коригування на стадії реалізації.
Kostenko I. V. Overview of the General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Костенко Інеса
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of such a question as the GDPR. In the course of the work, the most important legal aspects of this legislative statute were investigated. The main terms such as ’Data Subjects’, ’Personal Data’, ’Controller’, ’Processor’ were analyzed in the context of GDPR. The major issues such as structure and scope of GDPR, lawful basis for processing, responsibility and accountability, right of access, right to erasure, records of processing activities were considered.
Говоруха Л. С. Вдосконалення конституційної моделі місцевого самоврядування в Україні в аспекті децентралізації влади
Authors: Говоруха Любов
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджуються актуальні питання конституційної модернізації щодо місцевого самоврядування в сучасних умовах євроінтеграції та децентралізації публічної влади. Висвітлюються недоліки і прогалини конституційного регулювання питань місцевої організації публічної влади та пропонуються шляхи їх вирішення. Аналізується конституційний статус територіальної громади, органів місцевого самоврядування, їх взаємовідносин з місцевими органами виконавчої влади. Надано рекомендації щодо подальшого вдосконалення конституційної моделі і засад місцевого самоврядування в Україні.
Болдирєв С. В., Чубарь С. С. Об’єднання територіальних громад в механізмі децентралізації влади
Authors: Болдирєв Сергій , Чубарь Сергій
Published: December 2024

У статті досліджуються актуальні питання сучасного державотворення в аспектах реформування територіальної організації публічної влади, вдосконалення місцевого самоврядування, впровадження розвиненого децентралізованого устрою, формування та функціонування об’єднаних територіальних громад. У роботі висвітлено основоположні законодавчі, нормативні та доктринальні механізми щодо створення дієвих спроможних територіальних громад, які є базисом для побудови розвиненої демократичної та правової держави.
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES
Authors:   Odessa National Maritime University, Kushnir Liudmyla , Moskvichenko Irina ,   Odessa National Maritime University, Stadnik Viktoriia ,   Odessa National Maritime University
Published: December 2024

Today, when the development and success of an enterprise is influenced by many factors, the management concepts that were formed earlier need to be revised. In practice, this means using innovative management methods and tools that help increase the productivity of modern enterprises. The scientific article presents the conceptual foundations of the formation and development of modern management trends and their application in enterprises. The problems faced by modern management were identified and, according to this, potential directions of management evolution were considered, such as the search for new management strategies for flexible organizational structures, the formation of modern approaches to managing horizontal non-hierarchical structures, the development of methods for organizing intersectoral cooperation, the creation of new management strategies for managers of the «creative class» and the development of partnerships with consumers.It is established that today a number of modern management concepts are actively used by enterprises, such as hybrid management concept, Management by objects, Agile Management, Digital Management, transformational leadership, Lean Management, Sustainable Management, Inclusive Management, Talent Management, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), PRM (Partner Relationship Management). It is found out that the use of modern concepts in enterprises allows you to quickly adapt to changes and ensure effective problem solving. The necessity of applying the latest knowledge management systems in enterprises is justified, opportunities for the development of traditional management are identified, and potential directions of management evolution are presented. Modern concepts reflecting current approaches to management against the background of intensive dynamics and growing requirements of the modern business environment are separated and analyzed.
The article also considers specific management trends and concepts for various industries and types of business, and based on the analysis of the latest approaches to management, practical recommendations for improving the efficiency of management activities are proposed.
RITUAL OF HUMAN SACRIFICE IN AZERBAIJAN BURIALS DURING THE LATE BRONZE – EARLY IRON AGES
Authors: Arzu Abdullayeva
Published: December 2024

Burial customs such as inhumation and cremation were studied in a large number of kurgans, stone-box and earthen graves belonging to Khojaly-Gadabay, Nakhchivan and Talish - Mughan archaeological cultures in Azerbaijan, as well as cenotaph and skeletonless graves were studied. The dead were buried in different directions, situations, alone, in pairs, or collectively. The custom of human sacrifice in the territory of Azerbaijan was observed in the Boyuk Borsunlu, Akhmakhi, Baimsarov, Dovshanli, Garabulag, Sarichoban kurgans, Ganja and Goygol kurgans, as well as Veri, Joni, Chilakhana, Shir-shir and other stone box graves. Besides the main corpse, the sacrifices who will accompany him to the hereafter, are also buried. One of the facts proving the sacrifice of foreign slaves is the anthropological features of the sacrifices in the Akhmakhi kurgans number 1 and 2. Another interesting fact is that in such graves, the main corpse was usually buried in an extended position, while the accompanying corpses were buried in a seated position. These monuments, which date back to the end of the 2nd millennium and the beginning of the 1st millennium B.C., give an idea of not only the religious outlook, socio-economic situation, but also the military situation of the people of that time.
A Study of Urban-Rural Public Bus Passengersâ€™ Demographic and Trip Characteristics in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zakiah Ponrahono
Published: December 2024

This research highlights the urban-rural bus services gap in the selected settlements in Peninsular Malaysia. Four states are selected as case studies with Johor to represent the southern states, Penang to represent the northern states and for east-coast states, Pahang is selected. Meanwhile Perak is to represent a still developing state, which is yet to reach the advanced level of large conurbations. The main objectives are to evaluate the urban and rural bus service quality through passenger satisfaction survey. A total of 1130 survey questionnaire forms is distributed and collected. The results confirmed that there are gapsin urban and rural bus services based on the level of satisfaction among the passengers from different localities.
„ŻEBY UFNOŚĆ MOJĄ W ZACNOŚĆ SERC WSPÓŁOBYWATELI MIAŁ SPOTKAĆ ZAWÓD, W TO JEDNO NIE WIERZĘ”. O RODZAJACH I FORMACH AKTYWNOŚCI DOBROCZYNNEJ POLAKÓW W MIŃSKU W LATACH 1906-1909
Authors: Jurkowski Roman
Published: December 2024

After the January Uprising, until 1905, apart from agricultural societies, charity was the only form of social activity of Poles allowed by the Russian authorities. Political changes in the Russian state after 1905 resulted in the dynamic development of Polish political, social and charitable organizations. The aim of the article is to present selected forms of charitable activity of the Polish population in Minsk in the years 1906-1909.
RUSSIAN SOFT POWER AS AN INSTRUMENT OF INFLUENCE ON BELARUS
Authors: Olędzka Justyna
Published: December 2024

The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the specific ways in which the Russian Federation has made use of soft power in its relations with Belarus beyond 1991. Since then, in the wake of the recent presidential elections, there has been remarkable progress in the development of Russian soft power instruments, both in terms of their diversity and the innovativeness of their distribution channels. Concurrently, however, the number of groups for whom Russian soft power would be a compelling and competitive alternative to Western soft power is rapidly diminishing as a result of the evolution of identity processes, a shift in media preferences, or an influx of political refugees. The primary research question is as follows: what are the principal axiological and institutional sources of Russian soft power applied in Belarus, and what instruments fall within its scope? The methods employed in this study included qualitative and quantitative, historical, systemic, literature analysis and criticism, and content analysis.
SOCIAL COHESION IN HYBRID CONFLICTS. CASES OF MIGRATION CRISIS AT THE POLISH-BELARUSSIAN BORDER AND MIGRATION FLOWS FROM UKRAINE
Authors: Kaźmierczak Danuta , Laskowski Mirosław
Published: December 2024

Hybrid threats, which combine disinformation, cyber-attacks, economic pressure, and the use of irregular armed groups and regular forces (NATO), target society as a whole, specific groups and/or individuals in order to destabilize their functioning and undermine their sense of security. The European Union and individual countries recognize societal cohesion as one of the desirable tools to counter complex and interrelated threats, regardless of the category they belong to – hybrid interference, hybrid operations or hybrid warfare (EU). The migration crisis on the eastern border of the EU is analyzed with reference to the NATO framework of 5 elements (core values, common perception of the risk, trust in institutions and their policies and applied law) that can destabilize the coherent society. The conclusions draw attention to the progressive fracturing of society which can be slowed down by building social awareness with national and international law and policies including educational policies.
CONSTRUCTING SOLIDARITY IN DISCOURSE: A PRAGMA-LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SPEECHES BY PRESIDENT ZELENSKY ADDRESSED TO INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
Authors: Wilk Przemysław , Molek-Kozakowska Katarzyna
Published: December 2024

The article presents the findings of a pilot study of President Wolodymir Zelensky’s solidarity discourse. They illustrate the use of salient linguistic means and discursive strategies of solidarity building in the light of the Russian military attack on Ukraine in 2022. Based on discourse analysis and corpus linguistics, the study focuses on the linguistic patterns of constituting inclusivity through personal deixis. This is complemented by the mapping of an overarching discursive strategy of the construction of togetherness, namely proximization. Conducted from the perspective of the solidarity leader, the research identifies the above strategies as crucial to shaping political support by developing a community of shared values and experiences.
ROSYJSKA NEONOWOMOWA. ANALIZA PRZEMÓWIENIA W. W. PUTINA Z OKAZJI OBCHODÓW DNIA ZWYCIĘSTWA
Authors: Dudek-Waligóra Gabriela
Published: December 2024

This article aims to analyze the speech of V. V. Putin delivered during the Russian national holiday – Victory Day. The study was conducted on the basis of the properties of newspeak distinguished by Polish researchers. The term “newspeak” was clarified, under which we understand the language of power used for the purposes of political propaganda in a totalitarian or authoritarian system. Observations of researchers about the authoritarian nature of the political system of contemporary Russia, the ideological assumptions adopted by the authorities, as well as the basic goals of Russian propaganda were quoted. It has been shown that the speech of the current Russian president of May 9, 2022 contains characteristic features attributed to the communist variant of newspeak in the literature on the subject. The examined speech of V. V. Putin is a created construct subordinated to the ideological vision of reality and trying to achieve the well-known goals of Russian propaganda.
NARRACJA WOJENNA PREZYDENTA FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ. ANALIZA PRZESTRZENI MENTALNEJ WYGENEROWANEJ PRZEZ W. PUTINA W WYSTĄPIENIACH DO NARODU
Authors: Gawarkiewicz Roman
Published: December 2024

This article presents the results of an analysis of Vladimir Putin’s speeches delivered in connection with the ‘special military operation’ conducted by the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The study conducted indicates that Putin has created a mental space in his narrative based on a closed and dogmatic description of the parties to the conflict. In his narrative on the causes of the Russian military intervention, he builds a world of (anti-)heroes and describes them with the invocation of a specific ‘weaponised’ lexis, which in turn determines the presentation of facts about the war in Ukraine based on the four basic tactics of the propaganda narrative, that is, denial, distortion, deflation and disquiet.
WYPOWIEDZI CYRYLA I W ZACHODNIOEUROPEJSKICH I POLSKICH MASSMEDIACH, CZYLI KOŚCIÓŁ PRAWOSŁAWNY W SŁUŻBIE PROPAGANDY WOJENNEJ W OBLICZU AGRESJI ROSJI NA UKRAINĘ (2022)
Authors: Owsiński Piotr A.
Published: December 2024

Persuasion, disinformation and manipulation, which are a part of the propaganda, can be regarded as central terms of the language of politics especially during the conflict situations and wars. In the paper the problem is analyzed, in what way the language of politics uses the techniques of the propaganda in the official statements of Kirill in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (2022). The explored corpus are the news announcements as well as the Kirill’s social media posts. The aim of such analysis is to examine, how and to what extent the Russian propaganda techniques through the agency of Kirill present and justify the war.
THE METAPHORICAL NOMINATION OF WAR IN JOURNALISTIC TEXTS ON THE RUSSIAN INVASION OF UKRAINE – AS EXEMPLIFIED BY THE WEEKLY “POLITYKA”
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the metaphorical nomination of war characteristics, i.e. linguistic (grammatical and semantic) aspects of metaphorical expressions containing the noun ‘war’ in journalistic texts on the Russian-Ukrainian war of 2022-2023. Based on a corpus consisting of constructions extracted from articles published in the weekly magazine “Polityka”, the author describes these expressions in terms of the grammatical properties of the collocate, the case form of the noun ‘war’, as well as aspects of metaphorical nomination. The research analysis, leads, inter alia, to the conclusion that the linguistic nomination of war is so diverse that it is impossible to claim, in the spirit of linguistic determinism, that the existing schemes of the linguistic (lexical and phrasal) nomination of war influence the awareness of language users and the culturally shaped mental conceptualization of war.
ROLA EUFEMIZMÓW W KREOWANIU OBRAZU RZECZYWISTOŚCI WOJENNEJ: PRAGMALINGWISTYCZNA ANALIZA ROSYJSKIEGO DYSKURSU MEDIALNEGO NA TEMAT WOJNY W UKRAINIE
Authors: Sładkiewicz Żanna
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the role of euphemisms in the development of journalistic newspeak in contemporary Russia. Euphemistic-dysphemistic instruments in media communication correspond to the agonistic, bipolar essence of political discourse. The narrative of the official Russian media about the “special military operation” is based on the use of expressive evaluative vocabulary, which contributes to creating a certain image of military actions in an appropriate convention and a clear polarization of “us” and “them”. Contemporary political newspeak contains numerous incomprehensible lexemes, often euphemistic (хлопок instead of взрыв, перегруппировка instead of отступление). In accordance with the practice of effective manipulation, euphemisms and dysphemisms are constantly repeated, which helps to deprive the recipient of alternative thinking.
WOJNA W UKRAINIE – STRATEGIE DOSTOSOWAWCZE POLSKIEGO RADIA OLSZTYN
Authors: Szydłowska Magdalena , Doliwa Urszula
Published: December 2024

The subject of the research is the adaptation, organizational, and programming strategies of Polish Radio Olsztyn, a public broadcaster located near the Königsberg Oblast, applied in the face of Russia’s attack in Ukraine in 2022. The basis of the research is interviews with the President of the Management Board of Polish Radio Olsztyn, L. Sobański, the coordinator of the Ukrainian editorial office, J. Chrunik, T. Baryła, an expert on Russian issues from the Northern Institute in Olsztyn, as well as documents: the Framework and Financial Plan for 2022, recommendations on increasing security and sent the Prime Minister. The results of the analysis of Russian news portals in terms of their reaction to the content broadcast on Polish Radio Olsztyn, which covers the Königsberg Oblast, were also presented.
Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Influence of Physical Activity on the Development of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Mustafin R. N. , Khusnutdinova E. K.
Published: December 2024

This work is an analytical review dedicated to the search for driver mechanisms of epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. The disease affects the cardiovascular system in the adult population, mainly the elderly and senile. Atherosclerosis is accompanied by progressive deposition of cholesterol and lipoproteins in vessels intima with inflammation, narrowing of the lumen and impaired blood supply to tissues and organs. These processes are characterized by changes in the expression of CACNA1C, GABBR2, TCF7L2, DCK, NRP1, PBX1, FANCC, CCDC88C, TCF12, ABLIM1 genes. Prevention of atherosclerosis is physical activity, the mechanisms of which are not fully understood. Experimental models have shown that regular training not only has a protective effect on the development of atherosclerosis, but also inhibits the progression of an already developed disease with a decrease in vascular stenosis, an increase in the concentration of collagen and elastin and matrix metalloproteinases in plaques. These results have been confirmed by clinical studies. The purpose of this review was to systematize the accumulated results on the causes of epigenetic changes, including those under the influence of regular training, causing changes in the expression of specific microRNAs in atherosclerosis. It was found that physical exercise in Apo-/- mice increases the expression of miR-126 and miR-146a (inhibiting the TLR4 and TRAF genes), miR-20a (affecting PTEN), miR-492 (suppressing RETN gene mRNA). Clinical studies have shown an increase in the levels of miR-146a, miR-126, miR-142-5p, miR-424-5p and a decrease in the transcription of miR-15a-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-451 under the influence of aerobic training. It has been suggested that the drivers of epigenetic changes in atherosclerosis are transposons pathologically activated during aging, the transcription of which can change under the influence of physical training, which is accompanied by impaired expression of long non-coding RNAs and microRNAs derived from transposons. Analysis of the literature data allowed us to identify 36 such microRNAs, 25 of which showed identical changes in levels during aging and atherosclerosis.
Dynamics of the Population Structure of the Population of the South of Central Russia Over a 130-Year Period. Age of Marriage
Authors: Sergeeva K. N. , Goncharova Y. I. , Nevinnykh A. S. , Batlutskaya I. V. , Sokorev S. N. , Sorokina I. N.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of assessing the dynamics of the age at marriage of the reproductive part of the population of the south of Central Russia, which acts as one of the factors in the dynamics of the genetic structure of subsequent generations. Over 130 years (from 1890–1910 to 2016–2018), there was an increase in the age of marriage for men (+ 5.11 years, from 24.05 years to 29.16 years) and women (+ 5.78 years, from 20.39 years to 26.17 years) and the average difference in the age of spouses decreased by 0.66 (3.66 to 3.00 years). At the end of the 19th century the marriage age of the urban population of the reproductive part of the population was higher than that of the rural population (especially among men). By the middle of the 19th century the average age of marriage among the rural population increased, exceeding the city indicators and this trend continued in subsequent generations until 2016–2018. There was a decrease in the average age difference between spouses, especially in the urban part of the population. At the end of the 19th century, the average difference in the age of spouses among urban residents was 1.4 times higher than for rural residents, and by the beginning of the 21st century, on the contrary, it was 1.4 times lower. Positive marital assortativeness by age of spouses increased over the 130-year period (1.2 times), both in the city and in the village, but was more significant for residents of rural areas (except for the period 1991–1993). Changes in the average marriage age of spouses that have been occurring in recent decades are of particular significance from a medical-genetic point of view (especially the age at which women marry), since this indicator is potentially significant for determining the prevalence of a number of hereditary diseases among the population. Studying the age at marriage allows us to identify unfavorable trends and risks of potential negative changes in the structure of gene pools (and accordingly, the level of health) of subsequent generations.
Hypermethylation of Long Non-Coding RNA Genes GAS5, Hotair, Hotairm1 and SSTR5-AS1 As Factors in the Development and Progression of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Filippova E. A. , Lukina S. S. , Loginov V. I. , Burdennyy A. M. , Pronina I. V. , Arzhanukhina N. A. , Kazubskaya T. P. , Braga E. A.
Published: December 2024

Metastasis to the lymph nodes is one of the most important factors in the poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer; the five-year survival rate for metastatic breast cancer is less than 30%. DNA methylation occurs in the early stages of the development of cancer, and also plays an important role in the development of lymphatic metastases and can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of malignant tumors, including breast cancer. The lncRNA genes GAS5, HOTAIR, HOTAIRM1, SSTR5-AS1, presumably hypermethylated in breast cancer and associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and metastasis, were bioinformatically selected. Quantitative methyl-specific PCR showed a statistically significant increase in the methylation level of these lncRNA genes in breast tumors compared to the paired norm. Hypermethylation of the HOTAIRM1 and SSTR5-AS1 genes in breast cancer was identified for the first time. Using statistical analysis, positive correlations were established between methylation levels for the GAS5-HOTAIR and SSTR5-AS1-HOTAIRM1 pairs. The result of co-methylation of GAS5 and HOTAIR in breast cancer is consistent with the bioinformatically predicted (using enrichment analysis and the ncPath database) participation of these lncRNAs in the regulation of common signaling pathways and biological processes. The level of methylation of the lncRNA genes HOTAIRM1 and SSTR5-AS1 is associated with indicators of breast cancer progression (stage of the tumor process, tumor size, presence of metastases in the lymph nodes). A model has been proposed for assessing the risk of developing lymphogenous metastases depending on the level of methylation of the HOTAIRM1 gene. Thus, data were obtained on lncRNAs GAS5, HOTAIR, HOTAIRM1 and SSTR5-AS1 and hypermethylation of their genes as factors in the development and progression of metastatic breast cancer.
Transferability of SSR Markers Developed on Gosseberry to Red and Black Currants
Authors: Pikunova A. V. , Pavlenko A. A. , Dolzhikova M. A. , Golyaeva O. D. , Knyazev S. D.
Published: December 2024

Eleven microsatellite markers previously developed based on gooseberry sequences were tested on red and black currants. As a result, all microsatellite loci were amplified on representatives of black currant, but on representatives of red currant there was no amplification in three loci (RucANS, RucDFR2-1, RucDFR1-3). Polymorphic loci have been identified for both black and red currants. In the MTT-7 locus in the studied black currant genotypes, amplification of 3 fragments has been observed. Probably this locus is duplicated in black currant genome. At the same time, in red currant, amplification typical for monolocus microsatellite has been observed in the MTT-7 locus. The RucHLH-1 and RucUFGT loci were tested on a hybrid red currant family (Belaya Potapenko × 1426-21-80). By genetic mapping, the localization of the RucHLH-1 locus was established on linkage group 4 in the red currant genome, and the localization of RucUFGT was presumably on linkage group 1. The set of microsatellite loci for the currant genus is currently limited. This work shows that some of the SSR markers developed on gooseberries are amplified and reveal polymorphism in currants and can be used to study both black and red currants.
The genome of Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolated from Caseous Tuberculoma
Authors: Sinkov V. V. , Orlova E. A. , Ogarkov O. B. , Suzdalnitsky A. E. , Kondratov I. G. , Belkova N. L. , Rychkova L. V.
Published: December 2024

A number of facultative-anaerobic lipophilic microorganisms, including representatives of Corynebacterium and Staphylococcaceae, inhabit the necrotic contents of tuberculomas. A strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis was isolated from caseum, fully genome sequenced, and gene-mapped. The coagulase-negative Staphylococcus belonged to the MLST 73 genotype and was resistant to two antituberculosis drugs. The strain phenotypically had urease, gelatinase and beta-hemolytic activities and possessed the corresponding genes. Similar to S. epidermidis O47, its genome consists of a single chromosome containing approximately 2.4 million base pairs, and oriC has the same orientation. A total of 2333 genes were identified, of which 2206 were coding genes. In contigs of the genome, sequences of plasmid replication genes were found: rep7a, rep13, rep5b and pSK1. Phylogenetic analysis indicates the closeness of the analyzed genome with a large group of European strains. Considering the biochemical and microbiological properties of the isolated strain, we hypothesize that staphylococci and other facultative-anaerobic satellite microorganisms of tuberculosis foci may play an important role in caseum liquefaction due to their own proteolytic activity and attraction of neutrophils to the focus of inflammation.
Evolution of contactless conductometry methods
Authors: Yuskina E. A. , Panchuk V. V. , Kirsanov D. O.
Published: December 2024

The development of chemical sensor devices operating in non-contact mode is of primary interest due to the demand from various industries for a fast, simple and inexpensive determination of chemical composition in different media in a non-invasive way. One of the promising directions for the development of analytical devices with such characteristics is the use of high-frequency electrical signals. The paper discusses the evolution of high-frequency contactless conductometry method, likewise other methods and devices operating on similar physical principles (dielectric spectroscopy, microwave sensors, C4D detectors).
Chronoamperometric determination of antioxidant capacity using iron complex with 2,2’-bipyridine
Authors: Salimgareeva E. R. , Gerasimova E. L. , Karmanova A. V. , Salikova K. K. , Saraeva S. Y. , Ivanova A. V.
Published: December 2024

The proposed approach to the determination of antioxidants with different hydrophilicity is based on the use of iron(III) complex with bipyridine as an oxidant model and chronoamperometric registration of the analytical signal. The oxidant was chosen due to its solubility in aqueous, organic and aqueous-organic media. The following conditions for registration of chronoamperograms were chosen: background composition (acetonitrile-acetate buffer solution with pH 3.6 (9 : 1)), background electrolyte (LiClO4), potential (E = 1.25 V), current registration time (80 s). Antioxidants soluble in organic and aqueous-organic media were studied: α-tocopherol, quercetin, catechin, caffeic acid. The ranges of determined concentrations are (0.5-4) × 10-4 M. The antioxidant capacity (AOE) of ethanolic extracts of medicinal plant raw materials was determined. A high correlation of AOE values obtained by chronoamperometric and spectrophotometric methods is observed, but only for the objects whose intrinsic coloration does not contribute to the absorption value of Fe(II)-bipyridine complex. Application of the proposed approach and the potentiometric method using the system K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] showed that the values obtained by the potentiometric method are significantly lower for most of the investigated infusions. Thus, when analyzing multicomponent objects containing substances with different hydrophilicity, it is advisable to use oxidizing agents with different solubility, such as Fe(III)-bipyridine complex.
Voltammetric determination of levofloxacin in meat and milk using a sensor based on electrically reduced graphene oxide and functionalized fullerene
Authors: Abramov I. A. , Gainanova S. I. , Zagitova L. R. , Maistrenko V. N.
Published: December 2024

Antibacterial drugs have become an integral part of the food industry and agriculture in the modern world. The presence of even trace amounts of antibiotics in food of animal origin can lead to the development of allergic reactions and direct toxic effects in the human body. In this regard, it is required to create sensitive and selective methods for the determination of antibacterial drugs in order to prevent their excessive consumption. In this work, a glass-carbon voltammetric sensor based on layer-by-layer deposited electrospun graphene oxide and functionalized S-N,N’-bis(1-phenylethyl)malonamide fullerene is proposed for the determination of levofloxacin (Lev, S-(-)-ofloxacin) by differential pulse voltammetry. The calibration plot is linear over two ranges of 1.0 × 10-6 -6.0 × 10-5 M and 6.0 × 10-5 -5.0 × 10-4 M Lev with sensitivity factors of 107 and 58.0 μA/mM, respectively. The detection limit and lower limit of detectable contents were 1.8 × 10-7 M and 6.04 × 10-7 M, respectively. The selectivity of the sensor to Lev was evaluated with respect to some fluoroquinolone antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, lomefloxacin, enrofloxacin. The sensor was used for the determination of Lev in meat and milk by differential pulse voltammetry.
Voltammetric sensors based on mesoporous graphitized carbon black and cyclopentadiene derivatives for determination and recognition of clopidogrel enantiomers
Authors: Nazyrov M. I. , Perfilova Yu. A. , Abdullin Ya. R. , Kovyazin P. V. , Maistrenko V. N.
Published: December 2024

To recognize and determine the enantiomers of clopidogrel, a sensor system based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with Carbopack X mesoporous carbon black and cyclopentadiene derivatives – (1S)-2-cyclopenta-2,4-dien-1-yl-1,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane; (1S, 2S, 4R)-2-cyclopenta-1,3-dien-1-yl-1-isopropyl-4-methylcyclohexane; 9-[(1S,2S,5R)-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl]-9H-fluorene. Due to the unique properties of Carbopack X, such as large surface area and high conductivity, it was possible to obtain a mechanically stable and sensitive sensor layer that firmly retains chiral selector molecules on its surface. The morphological, electrochemical and analytical properties of the obtained sensors were studied by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. The determination of clopidogrel enantiomers in biological fluids has been carried out; linear dependences of oxidation peak currents on their concentration in solution for all sensors are preserved in the concentration range from 1 × 10–6 to 5 × 10–4 M. The sensors are cross-sensitized, which allowed combining them into a sensor system with high enantioselectivity and sensitivity towards clopidogrel enantiomers. With the proposed sensor system, the probability of correctly recognizing samples increases compared to single sensors. In all cases, the content of R-clopidogrel in the mixture is correctly determined with a relative error not exceeding 9% and a degree of discovery ranging from 96 to 102%.
Voltammetric sensor based on carboxylated carbon nanotubes and poly(pyrogallol red) for determination of eugenol in essential oils
Authors: Kalmykova A. D. , Ziyatdinova G. K.
Published: December 2024

A voltammetric sensor based on a glassy cardon electrode with a layer-by-layer combination of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and electropolymerized pyrogallol red has been developed for the determination of eugenol in essential oils. Optimal conditions for the preparation of poly(pyrogallol red) film in potentiodynamic mode in neutral medium were found to provide the best voltammetric response of eugenol. The electrode was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and a suite of electrochemical methods. A significant improvement in the voltammetric characteristics of eugenol on the polymer-modified electrode was shown. The parameters of eugenol electrooxidation were calculated and it was shown that the reaction proceeds with the formation of o-quinone. Under the conditions of differential-pulse voltammetry in Britton-Robinson buffer with pH 2.0, the range of detectable eugenol content is 0.75-100 μM with a detection limit of 0.73 μM. High selectivity of eugenol determination in the presence of inorganic ions and typical phenolic and terpene components of essential oils was shown. The approach was successfully tested on eugenol-containing essential oils and compared with an independent method.
Voltamper-metrical definition of potential protective virus medicine sodium salt of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-7-metiltio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide monohydrate
Authors: Mozharovskaya P. N. , Ivoylova A. V. , Malakhova N. A. , Drokin R. A. , Balin I. A. , Kozitsina A. N. , Ivanova A. V. , Rusinov V. L.
Published: December 2024

The sodium salt of 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-7-methylthio-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazinide monohydrate (compound (1)) is one of the promising compounds that showed potential antiviral activity against Coxsackie B3 virus. It was established by cyclic voltammetry that the electrochemical activity of compound 1 on a glass-carbon electrode in Britton-Robbinson buffer solution (BBR) is due to the electroreduction of the nitro group. A method for the determination of compound 1 by direct cathodic square-wave voltammetry was developed. The linearity area of the graduation plot using the developed method in BBR solution (pH 2.0 ± ٠.١) is 10-300 mg/L (R2 = 0.999) with detection and determination limits of 1.27 and 4.11 mg/L, respectively.
Assessment of the Radiation Dose to Biota and Humans During the Discharge of Iodine by Radiopharmaceutical Production
Authors: Buryakova Anna A. , Kryshev Aleksandr I. , Oudalova Alla A.
Published: December 2024

During the production activities of radiopharmaceutical enterprises, the discharge of technogenic ¹³¹I is carried out. On the example L.Ya. Karpov Scientific Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry (Obninsk), a method for assessing the radioecological situation around the enterprise in long-term dynamics is shown by determining the content of radionuclide in the components of the natural environment, as well as dose loads on biota and humans. A model assessment of the average annual volume activity of a radionuclide based on a Gaussian model of scattering and transport of impurities in the atmosphere, allowing to determine it at any point of the terrain, has been performed. It was determined that the dose loads on biota varied from 0.5 µGy/d (for bees) to 8.7 µGy/d (for earthworms) and were significantly lower than environmentally safe exposure levels (100000 and 10000 µGy/d, respectively). Adult radiation doses ranged from 0.5 µSv/year to 1.3 µSv/year, which doesn’t exceed the quota of the Karpov Scientific Research Institute dose limit 300 µSv/year. The necessity of taking into account both the molecular and aerosol forms of ¹³¹I in the assessment of the radioecological situation in order to prevent underestimation of the dose load by up to two times is emphasized. The obtained assessments of the radioecological situation around the Karpov Scientific Research Institute in 2015-2021 indicate the absence of negative radiation and environmental effects on humans and their environment. The assessment algorithm can be applied to other enterprises producing radioactive iodine discharges.
Evaluation of Threshold Levels for Effects of Chronic Exposure of Mammals with Different Life Expectancies
Authors: Sazykina Tatiana G. , Kryshev Alexander I.
Published: December 2024

The lower threshold values of the chronic exposure rate, above which negative radiobiological effects appear, are assessed and compared for mammals with low and high natural life expectancy. Dataset has been prepared, containing information on the observed radiobiological effects of chronic irradiation in mammals, depending on the dose rate. The dataset includes 118 records for mammals with high life expectancy and 92 records for mammals with low life expectancy. Data were analyzed with the nonparametric statistics. The lower threshold for deterministic radiation effects of chronic exposure for long-lived mammals is 0,1 mGy/day, with a 95% confidence interval 0.04 – 0.3 mGy/day. For mammals with a short natural life cycle, this threshold value is one order of magnitude higher – 1 mGy/day, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.5–1.1 mGy/day. It is concluded that the quantitative radiation safety criteria for long-lived and short-lived mammal species differ, which should be taken into account when assessing the ecological risk of radioactive contamination of the environment.
Study of the Mechanism of Biological Activity Enhancement of Benzylpenicillin Sodium Salt after Treatment with Pulsed Magnetic Field of High Intensity
Authors: Rodenko Natalia A. , Vasilyeva Tatiana I. , Bogdanov Andrei V. , Gluschenkov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2024

Magnetic field is able to change the biological activity of drugs, which can be used in medicine. Literature data on the increase in biological activity of prepared drugs under the influence of pulsed magnetic fields immediately before their administration have not been found. This article presents data on the increase in antibacterial activity of benzylpenicillin sodium salt after its treatment with pulsed magnetic field. The aim of the work is to investigate the reasons for the increase in biological activity of benzylpenicillin, to show the changes that occur in the molecule under the influence of a pulsed magnetic field. Exposure to magnetic field was carried out on powdered antibiotic on magnetic-pulse unit with magnetic field strength H = (0.09÷0.82) × 106 A/m. The pulse shape was a damped sinusoid with frequency response f = 40 kHz and f = 51 kHz. Experimental methods of NMR-spectroscopy and IR-Fourier-spectroscopy were used in the studies. The shift in the value of chemical shifts (δH) and spin-spin interaction constants (2JHH) of the signals of methylene protons of the benzyl substituent as a result of the magnetic field was found. The changes in the absorption bands of the N–H and C=O bonds of the amide grouping and the carbonyl group of the lactam cycle were detected by FTIR spectroscopy. The obtained spectral data allow us to conclude that the geometry of the benzylpenicillin sodium salt molecule in the amide fragment has changed under the influence of a pulsed magnetic field, which is probably the reason for the increase in antibacterial activity of the antibiotic.
Influence of Moisture Regime on the Redistribution of Radioactive Cesium and Strontium Isotopes in Alluvial Soils by Physico-Chemical Forms
Authors: Nikitin Aleksander N. , Tagai Svetlana A. , Sokolik Galina A. , Papenia Maryna V. , Koltsov Ilya A.
Published: December 2024

The transformation of the hydrological regime of floodplains due to climate change and anthropogenic impact on water redistribution processes within natural landscapes can significantly impact the bioavailability of long-lived radioactive isotopes of cesium and strontium. A laboratory experiment demonstrated that varying the moisture content of alluvial soil within 40–100% from its full water-holding capacity leads to the redistribution of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr between different chemical forms. Soil saturation with water increases the proportion of water-soluble ¹³⁷Cs, while the proportion of water-soluble ⁹⁰Sr decreases. The ion-exchangeable form of ¹³⁷Cs remains unaffected by soil moisture. The behavior of the ion-exchangeable form of ⁹⁰Sr in response to changes in soil moisture is dependent on soil characteristics: a significant increase in the proportion of ⁹⁰Sr was observed in sod-gley soil developed on sandy alluvium as soil moisture increased; however, this phenomenon was not observed in sod-gleyed soil developed on loamy alluvium. The proportion of ¹³⁷Cs extracted by sodium tetraphenylborate increases when alluvial soils are saturated with water. Similarly, the mobile form of ⁹⁰Sr behaves in the same manner, but when soil moisture reaches 100% of its full water-holding capacity in sod-gley soil, a sharp decrease in the proportion of the mobile form of this radionuclide is observed. Overall, there is a trend towards increased proportions of bioavailable forms of ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr in alluvial soils with increased moisture content, although the pecularities and magnitude of this phenomenon depend on the specific soil characteristics.
My Friends, Our Union is Wonderful!
Authors: Savvateeva-Popova E. V.
Published: December 2024

This is a story about the resurrection of genetics after the notorious Session in 1948, the contribution of both Leningrad and Novosibirsk. They have made acquainted their young geneticists because of this the author of the article can say about them, especially of Nikolay Dygalo, with Pushkin’s verse: “My first friend, so priceless”.
Inhibition of Glucocorticoid Synthesis by Metyrapone as an Approach to Study Their Contribution to Gastroprotection in Rats
Authors: Filaretova L. P.
Published: December 2024

According to the results of our research glucocorticoids produced in response to stress ulcerogenic stimuli are gastroprotective factors. The aim of this review article is to demonstrate, through the analysis of data obtained in our studies, that the inhibition of glucocorticoid synthesis by metyrapone can be an adequate and valuable approach for studying the contribution of glucocorticoids, produced during acute activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, to gastroprotection in rats. When studying the contribution of glucocorticoids produced in response to moderate, normally non-ulcerogenic stressors or to the administration of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) to gastroprotection, it was shown that the suppression of these hormones by metyrapone leads to: 1) the transformation of normally non-ulcerogenic stimuli into ulcerogenic ones; 2) the elimination of the gastroprotective effect of stress preconditioning; 3) the elimination of the gastroprotective effect of CRF. The effects of metyrapone were reproduced under conditions of suppressed glucocorticoid production using the selective CRF-1 receptor antagonist NBI 27914 and the blockade of glucocorticoid receptors with their antagonist RU38486. The data presented suggest that: a) glucocorticoids produced in response to moderate stress stimuli contribute to the protection of the gastric mucosa under these conditions and increase its resistance to subsequent ulcerogenic stimuli (i.e., they contribute to the gastroprotective effect of stress preconditioning); b) glucocorticoids produced in response to CRF administration participate in the realization of its gastroprotective action. The data obtained confirm that the activation of the HPA axis is a gastroprotective component of stress response, and stress-produced glucocorticoids are important gastroprotective factors.
Current Concepts of the Role of the STEP Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in the Pathological and Neurodegenerative Processes in the Brain
Authors: Moskalyuk V. S. , Kulikov A. V. , Naumenko V. S. , Kulikova E. A.
Published: December 2024

Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is an intracellular protein involved in key signaling cascades of the nerve cell. By regulating the membrane localization of glutamate receptors and the activity of several signaling kinases, STEP can influence processes of neuroplasticity and synaptic function, and participate in the regulation of behavior, cognitition, and memory. STEP can act as an intermediary between the brain’s neurotrophic, dopaminergic, and glutamatergic systems. Dysregulation of STEP expression and function is observed in several neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, as well as in aging and traumatic brain injuries. In Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, as well as in fragile X syndrome, there is an increase in STEP activity and expression in the brains of patients and in animal models of these diseases. There is evidence of this phosphatase’s involvement in the mechanisms of depression, autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and anxiety; however, different model systems and experimental conditions yield contradictory results. STEP plays a modulatory role in the nervous system’s response to traumatic brain injuries, ischemic stroke, epileptic seizures, and stress exposure. Due to STEP’s involvement in the pathogenesis of numerous nervous system disorders, this phosphatase has been actively studied over the past decade. In this review, we comprehensively examine the existing data on the role of STEP phosphatase in the functioning of CNS and in the mechanisms of disease development and the response of nerve cells to damaging influences.