bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The cationization of synthetic polymers in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry: Investigations of the salt‐to‐analyte ratio
Authors: Hoteling Andrew J. , Piotrowski Michelle L. , Owens Kevin G.
Published: November 2019

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization technique that when used to analyze synthetic polymer analytes often requires the addition of a metal cationization agent (herein termed the “salt”). The choice of both the matrix and the cationization agent needs to be taken into account when considering the polymer under study; different polymers have shown different affinities toward different cationization agents, and their selectivity can change as the matrix changes. Salt‐to‐analyte ratio (S/A) plots are used in this work to investigate the effect of the quantity of cationization agent employed in the analysis of a poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) analyte with different MALDI matrices. The point at which analyte signal stops increasing with the added cationization agent is termed the “cation saturation point,” and it was found to occur around a S/A of 1. When the analyte signal after this point remains constant, it is termed an “ideal case.” The “non‐ideal case” occurs when the analyte signal decreases after the cation saturation point. The amount of matrix present (measured as the matrix‐to‐analyte molar ratio, M/A) and the use of different counterions for the salt are also found to affect the intensity of the analyte signal. In non‐ideal cases, changes in the counterion or an increase in the M/A are found to increase the analyte signal, often converting an initially observed non‐ideal case into an ideal case. Several experiments attempting to uncover the reason for observation of the non‐ideal S/A behavior are also described.
Identification and distribution of mycosporine‐like amino acids in Brazilian cyanobacteria using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Geraldes Vanessa , Jacinavicius Fernanda Rios , Genuário Diego Bonaldo , Pinto Ernani
Published: November 2019

Rationale

Mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) are UV‐absorbing compounds produced by fungi, algae, lichens, and cyanobacteria when exposed to UV radiation. These compounds have photoprotective and antioxidant functions and have been widely studied for possible use in sunscreens and anti‐aging products. This study aims to identify MAA‐producing cyanobacteria with potential application in cosmetics.

Methods

A method for the identification of MAAs was developed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐DAD/QTOFMS). Chromatographic separation was carried out using a Synergi 4 μ Hydro‐RP 80A column (150 × 2,0 mm) at 30°C with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution + 2 mM ammonium formate and acetonitrile/water (8:2) + 0.1% formic acid as a mobile phase.

Results

Out of the 69 cyanobacteria studied, 26 strains (37%) synthesized MAAs. Nine different MAAs were identified using UHPLC‐DAD/QTOFMS. Iminomycosporines were the major group detected (7 in 9 MAAs). In terms of abundance, the most representative genera for MAA production were heterocyte‐forming groups. Oscilatoria sp. CMMA 1600, of homocyte type, produced the greatest diversity of MAAs.

Conclusions

The UHPLC‐DAD/QTOFMS method is a powerful tool for identification and screening of MAAs in cyanobacterial strains as well as in other organisms such as dinoflagellates, macroalgae, and microalgae. The different cyanobacterial genera isolated from diverse Brazilian biomes and environments are prolific sources of MAAs.
Development of a photoinduced fragmentation ion trap for infrared multiple photon dissociation spectroscopy
Authors: Penna Tatiana C. , Cervi Gustavo , Rodrigues‐Oliveira André F. , Yamada Bruno D. , Lima Rafael Z.C. , Menegon Jair J. , Bastos Erick L. , Correra Thiago C.
Published: November 2019

Rationale

Methods for isomer discrimination by mass spectroscopy are of increasing interest. Here we describe the development of a three‐dimensional ion trap for infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy that enables the acquisition of the infrared spectrum of selected ions in the gas phase. This system is suitable for the study of a myriad of chemical systems, including isomer mixtures.

Methods

A modified three‐dimensional ion trap was coupled to a CO2 laser and an optical parametric oscillator/optical parametric amplifier (OPO/OPA) system operating in the range 2300 to 4000 cm−1. Density functional theory vibrational frequency calculations were carried out to support spectral assignments.

Results

Detailed descriptions of the interface between the laser and the mass spectrometer, the hardware to control the laser systems, the automated system for IRMPD spectrum acquisition and data management are presented. The optimization of the crystal position of the OPO/OPA system to maximize the spectroscopic response under low‐power laser radiation is also discussed.

Conclusions

OPO/OPA and CO2 laser‐assisted dissociation of gas‐phase ions was successfully achieved. The system was validated by acquiring the IRMPD spectra of model species and comparing with literature data. Two isomeric alkaloids of high economic importance were characterized to demonstrate the potential of this technique, which is now available as an open IRMPD spectroscopy facility in Brazil.
Development of a novel intelligent laparoscope system for semi‐automatic minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Sun Yanwen , Pan Bo , Fu Yili , Cao Fayi
Published: November 2019

Background

Intelligent surgical robot has great significance to alleviate the fatigue of surgeons. In the minimally invasive surgery robot system, adding intelligent control method to the laparoscope control has great realizability and significance.

Methods

Depth independent image Jacobian matrix was modified to make it suitable for laparoscope trocar constraint. We propose a method for intelligent and autonomous adjustment of surgeon's surgical field of view, enabling it to track and predict the motion trajectory of surgical instruments.

Results

The result of experiment shows that the proposed method could realize tracking the surgical instruments and adjusting the surgical field of view autonomously. In case of occlusion, motion trajectory of surgical instruments can be predicted.

Conclusion

The intelligent laparoscope system could improve the intelligent level of surgical robot system. Given providing “a third hand” for the surgeon, the proposed system is a highly improvement for semi‐autonomous surgical robot system.
A novel hybrid 3D endoscope zooming and repositioning system: Design and feasibility study
Authors: De Pauw Tim , Kalmar Alain , Van De Putte Dirk , Mabilde Cyriel , Blanckaert Bart , Maene Lieven , Lievens Mauranne , Van Haver Anne‐Sophie , Bauwens Kevin , Van Nieuwenhove Yves , Dewaele Frank
Published: November 2019

Background

Manipulation of the endoscope during minimally invasive surgery is a major source of inconvenience and discomfort. This report elucidates the architecture of a novel one‐hand controlled endoscope positioning device and presents a practicability evaluation.

Methods and materials

Setup time and total surgery time, number and duration of the manipulations, side effects of three‐dimensional (3D) imaging, and ergonomic complaints were assessed by three surgeons during cadaveric and in vivo porcine trials.

Results

Setup was accomplished in an average (SD) of 230 (120) seconds. The manipulation time was 3.87 (1.77) seconds for angular movements and 0.83 (0.24) seconds for zooming, with an average (SD) of 30.5 (16.3) manipulations per procedure. No side effects of 3D imaging or ergonomic complaints were reported.

Conclusions

The integration of an active zoom into a passive endoscope holder delivers a convenient synergy between a human and a machine‐controlled holding device. It is shown to be safe, simple, and intuitive to use and allows unrestrained autonomic control of the endoscope by the surgeon.
Novel robot‐assisted laparoscopic total extra‐peritoneal repair with primary fascial closure plus pre‐peritonea mesh for large groin defects
Authors: Yu Chih‐Chin , Lo Chi‐Wen , Chen Yung‐Tai , Lin Chia‐Da , Chueh Shih‐Chieh J. , Tsai Yao Chou
Published: November 2019

Background

Since the introduction of robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery, a variety of conventional laparoscopic procedures have been explored via this approach. In the robotic era, most of the reported robot‐assisted laparoscopic hernia repairs were performed with the trans‐abdominal pre‐peritoneal approach. According to the evidence extrapolated from laparoscopic ventral hernia repair, simultaneous fascial defect closure and mesh repair can significantly decrease the risk of seroma formation and recurrence over those without fascial closure. Therefore, we describe our novel technique of robot‐assisted total extra‐peritoneal (TEP) repair with primary fascial closure and pre‐peritoneal mesh and its preliminary clinical outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our prospectively collected hernia database from October 2017 to July 2019, which included 26 consecutive patients with primary or recurrent groin hernias. Patients' baseline characteristics and perioperative outcomes were compared and analyzed. Perioperative factors included operative time, visual analog scale (VAS) score (0‐100), hospital stay, perioperative complications, time to return to normal activity, and the modified Medical Outcome Study (MOS; item 3‐12/36 items) score.

Results

All procedures were completed successfully without conversion to open or conventional laparoscopic surgery. The patients' age ranged from 28 to 74 years (median 57.5). The mean operative time was 115 minutes (range 95‐172 min). There were no major procedure‐related complications. Only four cases experienced asymptomatic seromas, which were detected by ultrasonography; and all resolved spontaneously within 6 weeks after the operation. The VAS and modified MOSs revealed quick recovery after robot‐assisted endoscopic TEP repair.

Conclusions

Robot‐assisted endoscopic TEP repair combined with primary fascial closure and pre‐peritoneal mesh is a safe and feasible technique for groin hernia repair.
Navigated robotic assistance improves pedicle screw accuracy in minimally invasive surgery of the lumbosacral spine: 600 pedicle screws in a single institution
Authors: Wallace David J. , Vardiman Arnold B. , Booher Grant A. , Crawford Neil R. , Riggleman Jessica R. , Greeley Samantha L. , Ledonio Charles G.
Published: November 2019

Background

In the emerging field of robot‐assisted spine surgery, radiographic evaluation of pedicle screw accuracy in the surgical setting is of high interest. Advances in medical imaging have improved the accuracy of pedicle screw placement, from fluoroscopy‐guided to computer‐aided navigation.

Methods

A retrospective, institutional review board–exempt review of the first 106 navigated robot‐assisted spine surgery cases was performed. Radiographic evaluation of preoperative and postoperative computerized tomography (CT) scans were collected.

Results

In the first 106 cases, 630 lumbosacral pedicle screws were placed. Thirty screws were placed in five patients without the robot because of surgeon discretion. Of the 600 pedicle screws inserted by navigated robotic guidance, only 1.5% (9/600) were repositioned intraoperatively.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated a high level of accuracy (98.2%) in terms of grade A or B pedicle screw breach scores in the clinical use of navigated, robot‐assisted surgery in its first 101 cases.
Developing the New Interventions for independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS) theoretical model for supporting people to live well with dementia at home for longer: a systematic review of theoretical models and Randomised Controlled Trial evidence
Authors: Lord Kathryn , Beresford-Dent Jules , Rapaport Penny , Burton Alex , Leverton Monica , Walters Kate , Lang Iain , Downs Murna , Manthorpe Jill , Boex Sue , Jackson Joy , Ogden Margaret , Cooper Claudia
Published: November 2019

Purpose

To build an evidence-informed theoretical model describing how to support people with dementia to live well or for longer at home.

Methods

We searched electronic databases to August 2018 for papers meeting predetermined inclusion criteria in two reviews that informed our model. We scoped literature for theoretical models of how to enable people with dementia to live at home independently, with good life quality or for longer. We systematically reviewed Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) reporting psychosocial intervention effects on time lived with dementia at home. Two researchers independently rated risk of bias. We developed our theoretical model through discussions with experts by personal, clinical and academic experiences, informed by this evidence base.

Results

Our scoping review included 52 studies. We divided models identified into: values and approaches (relational and recovery models; optimising environment and activities; family carer skills and support); care strategies (family carer-focused; needs and goal-based; self-management); and service models (case management; integrated; consumer-directed). The 11 RCTs included in our systematic review, all judged at low risk of bias, described only two interventions that increased time people with dementia lived in their own homes. These collectively encompassed all these components except for consumer-directed and integrated care. We developed and revised our model, using review evidence and expert consultation to define the final model.

Conclusions

Our theoretical model describes values, care strategies and service models that can be used in the design of interventions to enable people with dementia to live well and for longer at home.

Trial registration

PROSPERO 2018 registration number: CRD42018099693 (scoping review).

PROSPERO 2018 registration number: CRD42018099200 (RCT systematic review).
Early mobilization does not reduce the risk of deep venous thrombosis after Achilles tendon rupture: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Aufwerber Susanna , Heijne Annette , Edman Gunnar , Grävare Silbernagel Karin , Ackermann Paul W.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The hypothesis was that early functional mobilization would reduce the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) during leg immobilization after Achilles tendon rupture surgery. A secondary aim was to evaluate if the amount of weightbearing and daily steps influenced the risk of sustaining a DVT.

Methods

One-hundred and fifty patients with Achilles tendon rupture repair were randomized to treatment with early functional mobilization, encouraging full weightbearing and ankle motion in orthosis, or treatment-as-usual, i.e., 2 weeks of unloading in plaster cast followed by 4 weeks weightbearing in orthosis. At 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively, all patients were screened for DVT using compression duplex ultrasound. During the first 2 weeks postoperatively, patient-reported loading, pain and step counts were assessed.

Results

At 2 weeks, 28/96 (29%) of the patients in early functional mobilization group and 15/49 (31%) in the control group (n.s) had sustained a DVT. At 6 weeks, the DVT rate was 35/94 (37%) in the early functional mobilization and 14/49 (29%) in the control group (n.s). During the first postoperative week, the early functional mobilization group reported low loading and higher experience of pain vs. the control group (p = 0.001). Low patient-reported loading ≤ 50% (OR = 4.3; 95% CI 1.28–14.3) was found to be an independent risk factor for DVT, in addition to high BMI and higher age.

Conclusions

Early functional mobilization does not prevent the high incidence of DVT during leg immobilization in patients with Achilles tendon rupture as compared to treatment-as-usual. The low efficacy of early functional mobilization is mainly explained by postoperative pain and subsequent low weightbearing. To minimize the risk of DVT, patients should be encouraged to load at least 50% of body weight on the injured leg 1 week after surgery.

Level of evidence

Therapeutic, level 1
A receptance-based method for frequency assignment via coupling of subsystems
Authors: Tsai Sung-Han , Ouyang Huajiang , Chang Jen-Yuan
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a theoretical study of the frequency assignment problem of a coupled system via structural modification of one of its subsystems. It deals with the issue in which the available modifications are not simple; for example, they are not point masses, grounded springs, or spring-mass oscillators. The proposed technique is derived based on receptance coupling technique and formulated as an optimization problem. Only a few receptances at the connection ends of each subsystem are required in the structural modification process. The applicability of the technique is demonstrated on a simulated rotor system. The results show that both bending natural frequencies and torsional natural frequencies can be assigned using a modifiable joint, either separately or simultaneously. In addition, an extension is made on a previously proposed torsional receptance measurement technique to estimate the rotational receptance in bending. Numerical simulations suggest that the extended technique is able to produce accurate estimations and thus is appropriate for this frequency assignment problem of concern.
Dimension transformation formula for conformal maps into the complement of an SLE curve
Authors: Gwynne Ewain , Holden Nina , Miller Jason
Published: November 2019

We prove a formula relating the Hausdorff dimension of a deterministic Borel subset of $${\mathbb {R}}$$R and the Hausdorff dimension of its image under a conformal map from the upper half-plane to a complementary connected component of an $$\hbox {SLE}_\kappa $$SLEκ curve for $$\kappa \not =4$$κ≠4. Our proof is based on the relationship between SLE and Liouville quantum gravity together with the one-dimensional KPZ formula of Rhodes and Vargas (ESAIM Probab Stat 15:358–371, 2011) and the KPZ formula of Gwynne et al. (Ann Probab, 2015). As an intermediate step we prove a KPZ formula which relates the Euclidean dimension of a subset of an $$\hbox {SLE}_\kappa $$SLEκ curve for $$\kappa \in (0,4)\cup (4,8)$$κ∈(0,4)∪(4,8) and the dimension of the same set with respect to the $$\gamma $$γ-quantum natural parameterization of the curve induced by an independent Gaussian free field, $$\gamma = \sqrt{\kappa }\wedge (4/\sqrt{\kappa })$$γ=κ∧(4/κ).
Ensemble and effective dispersion in three-dimensional isotropic fractal media
Authors: Ross Katharina , Heße Falk , Musuuza Jude L. , Attinger Sabine
Published: November 2019

We determine the time-dependent behavior of the dispersion coefficient for transport in formations with isotropic log-conductivity fields showing fractal behavior.
We consider two different dispersion coefficients for point-like injection: (1) the ensemble dispersion coefficients, defined as half the rate of change of the second central moments of the ensemble-averaged concentration distribution and (2) the effective dispersion, which is half the rate of change of the expected second central moments. Our results show, that the two longitudinal macrodispersion coefficients steadily grow with time and remain different at all times in a fully fractal regime, indicating that no Fickian transport regime is ever reached. The resulting effective longitudinal transport model is consequently a fractional advection–dispersion equation. In the semi-fractal regime, a Gaussian transport regime is reached eventually. However, compared to the case of a classic non-fractal regime, the transient non-Gaussian regime lasts much longer. In the transverse direction, the two dispersion coefficients approach the same large-time limit also in fractal media highlighting the fundamental difference between longitudinal and transverse dispersion.
Existence, duality, and cyclical monotonicity for weak transport costs
Authors: Backhoff-Veraguas J. , Beiglböck M. , Pammer G.
Published: November 2019

The optimal weak transport problem has recently been introduced by Gozlan et al. (J Funct Anal 273(11):3327–3405, 2017). We provide general existence and duality results for these problems on arbitrary Polish spaces, as well as a necessary and sufficient optimality criterion in the spirit of cyclical monotonicity. As an application we extend the Brenier–Strassen Theorem of Gozlan and Juillet (On a mixture of brenier and strassen theorems.arXiv:1808.02681, 2018) to general probability measures on$$\mathbb {R}^d$$Rdunder minimal assumptions. A driving idea behind our proofs is to consider the set of transport plans with a new (‘adapted’) topology which seems better suited for the weak transport problem and allows to carry out arguments which are close to the proofs in the classical setup.
Prognostic significance of KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (KANK1) in invasive breast cancer
Authors: Kariri Yousif A. , Joseph Chitra , Kurozumi Sasagu , Toss Michael S. , Alsaleem Mansour , Raafat Sara , Mongan Nigel P. , Aleskandarany Mohammed A. , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A.
Published: November 2019

Background

KN motif and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (KANK1) plays an important role in cytoskeleton maintenance and contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation, adhesion and apoptosis. KANK1 is involved in progression of a variety of solid tumours; however, its role in invasive breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of KANK1 expression in operable BC.

Methods

KANK1 expression was assessed at the transcriptomic level using multiple BC cohorts; the Molecular Taxonomy of BC International Consortium cohort (METABRIC; n = 1980), The Cancer Genome Atlas BC cohort (TCGA; n = 949) and the publicly available BC transcriptomic data hosted by BC Gene-Expression Miner (bc-GenExMiner v4.0) and Kaplan–Meier plotter?. The Nottingham BC cohort (n = 1500) prepared as tissue microarrays was used to assess KANK1 protein expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The association between clinicopathological variables and patient outcome was investigated.

Results

In the METABRIC cohort, high expression of KANK1 mRNA was associated with characteristics of good prognosis including lower grade, absence of lymphovascular invasion and HER2 negativity (all; p < 0.001) and with better outcome [p = 0.006, Hazards ratio, (HR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.54–0.91]. High KANK1 protein expression was correlated with smaller tumour size and HER2 negativity, and better outcome in terms of longer breast cancer-specific survival [p = 0.013, HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.536–0.893] and time to distant metastasis [p = 0.033, HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51–0.819].

Conclusion

These results supported that upregulation of KANK1 works as a tumour suppressor gene in BC and is associated with improved patients’ outcomes.
Can Variations in Temperature Explain the Systemic Risk of European Firms?
Authors: Tzouvanas Panagiotis , Kizys Renatas , Chatziantoniou Ioannis , Sagitova Roza
Published: November 2019

We employ a $$\varDelta CoVaR$$ΔCoVaR model in order to measure the potential impact of temperature fluctuations on systemic risk, considering all companies from the STOXX Europe 600 Index, which covers a wide range of industries for the period from 1/1/1990 to 29/12/2017. Furthermore, in this study, we decompose temperature into 3 factors; namely (1) trend, (2) seasonality and (3) anomaly. Findings suggest that, temperature has indeed a significant impact on systemic risk. In fact, we provide significant evidence of either positive or nonlinear temperature effects on financial markets, while the nonlinear relationship between temperature and systemic risk follows an inverted U-shaped curve. In addition, hot temperature shocks strongly increase systemic risk, while we do witness the opposite for cold shocks. Additional analysis shows that deviations of temperature by $$1\,^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$1∘C can increase the daily Value at Risk by up to 0.24 basis points. Overall, higher temperatures are highly detrimental for the financial system. Results remain robust under the different proxies that were employed to capture systemic risk or temperature.
Biogeography and ecology of freshwater chrysophyte cysts in Finland
Authors: Korkonen Sanna , Weckström Jan , Korhola Atte
Published: November 2019

The occurrence of various chrysophyte cyst morphotypes is unknown in Finland, with the exception of a few isolated lake studies. We set out to chart which cyst types are found in Finland and what their ecological preferences are, focusing on cyst-air temperature relationships that could be further utilized in reconstructing past winter/spring air temperatures and ice-free periods from sedimentary cyst assemblages. Surface sediment samples from lakes across Finland were analysed for their chrysophyte stomatocyst assemblages. Multivariate ecological techniques (e.g. canonical correspondence analysis, principal component analysis) were used to identify the environmental variables that most strongly affected the distribution of the cysts. This survey expanded the known geographical range for several cyst types. Lake water pH and ice-free periods (surrogate for air temperature) explained the statistically significant distribution and composition of the cyst assemblages studied. The results broaden our knowledge of cyst biogeography and strengthen the findings of previous studies of the environmental factors contributing to the occurrence of cysts. Highly variable and rich chrysophyte cyst assemblages in Finland are clearly associated with temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and total phosphorus, with good potential in contemporary and retrospective environmental assessment.
Residual-Based a Posteriori Error Estimation for Immersed Finite Element Methods
Authors: He Cuiyu , Zhang Xu
Published: November 2019

In this paper we introduce and analyze the residual-based a posteriori error estimation of the partially penalized immersed finite element method for solving elliptic interface problems. The immersed finite element method can be naturally utilized on interface-unfitted meshes. Our a posteriori error estimate is proved to be both reliable and efficient with both reliability and efficiency constants independent of the location of the interface. Numerical results indicate that the error estimation is robust with respect to the coefficient contrast.
Refined conditions for V-shaped optimal sequencing on a single machine to minimize total completion time under combined effects
Authors: Soper Alan J. , Strusevich Vitaly A.
Published: November 2019

We address single-machine scheduling problems for which the actual processing times of jobs are subject to various effects, including a positional effect, a cumulative effect and their combination. We review the known results on the problems to minimize the makespan, the sum of the completion times and their combinations and identify the problems for which an optimal sequence cannot be found by simple priority rules such as Shortest Processing Time (SPT) and/or Longest Processing Time (LPT). Typically, these are problems to minimize the sum of the completion times under a deterioration effect, and we verify under which conditions for these problems an optimal permutation is V-shaped (an LPT subsequence followed by an SPT subsequence). We demonstrate that previously used techniques for proving that an optimal sequence is V-shaped are not properly justified. We use the corrected method to describe a wide range of problems with a pure positional effect and a combination of a cumulative effect with a positional effect for which an optimal sequence is V-shaped. On the other hand, we show that even the refined approach has its limitations.
Influence of ZnO, SiO2 and TiO2 on the aging process of PLA fibers produced by electrospinning method
Authors: Kosowska Karolina , Szatkowski Piotr
Published: November 2019

The aim of this work was to study the effect of ceramics particles addition (SiO2, ZnO, TiO2) on the ultraviolet (UV) aging of poly(lactic acid) nonwovens fabricated using electrospinning method. The resistance to aging is a key factor for outdoor and medical applications (UV light sterilization). Nonwovens were placed in special chamber with UV light. Changes of physicochemical properties were recorded using differential scanning calorimetry and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The fibers’ morphology was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Obtained results clearly showed that only PLA fibers with ZnO particles gained an increase in UV resistance. The paper presents a description of structural changes taking place under the influence of UV aging processes and describes the mechanisms of this process and the effect of ceramic addition on the lifetime of such materials.
Thermoanalytical studies (TG–DTG–DSC, Py–GC/MS) of sodium carboxymethyl starch with different degrees of substitution
Authors: Kaczmarska Karolina , Żymankowska-Kumon Sylwia , Byczyński Łukasz , Grabowska Beata , Bobrowski Artur , Cukrowicz Sylwia
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the results of thermal analysis of polymer material in the form of starch derivatives in the form of sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS–Na) with degree of substitution (DS) in the range 0.2–0.9 for the preparation of foundry binder. In this work, the thermal behavior of the modified starch and qualitative assessment of degradation products released during pyrolysis were determined and comprised. The analysis of the course of progressive decomposition of the starch material under controlled heating in the range of 25–1000 °C in anaerobic atmosphere was based on the results of thermal analysis methods (TG–DTG–DSC) in combination with the results of pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC/MS). The detailed TG–DTG–DSC analysis allowed to determine and compare the temperature at which the process of decomposition of carboxymethyl starches sodium salts with different degrees of substitution begins and to determine the course of its degradation under conditions corresponding to the contact of the foundry binder in the form of starch material with liquid metal (conditions like in foundry mold). Thermogravimetric analysis shows that decomposition processes are multistage, and dehydration is the first step of decomposition. Moreover, TG–DTG–DSC analyses indicate that the thermal stability and the decomposition path of tested compounds depend on the DS. Results of Py–GC/MS studies showed that the formation of decomposition products (including cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons) in a predetermined temperature range is lower in the case of CMS–Na with high DS.
Application of carbonized ion exchange resin beads as catalyst support for gas phase hydrogenation processes
Authors: Prekob Ádám , Hajdu Viktória , Muránszky Gábor , Kocserha István , Fiser Béla , Viskolcz Béla , Vanyorek László
Published: November 2019

Carbonized ion exchange resin beads were prepared as catalyst for gas phase hydrogenation processes. Amberlite IR 120 polystyrene based sulfonated ion exchange beads were carbonized at 900 °C. The process of carbonization was monitored by FTIR combined thermogravimetric analysis. During the carbonization formed sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and organic compounds. The carbon pearls were used as catalyst support for Pd nanoparticles. The catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. The diameters of the palladium nanoparticles on the catalyst surface were between 15 and 50 nm, but bigger aggregates were also detected. The catalyst was tested during the gas phased heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of 1-butene. The hydrogenation process was followed by FTIR measurements, 93% conversion was reached after 10 min.
Sustainability science in education: analysis of master’s programmes’ curricula
Authors: Salovaara Janne J. , Soini Katriina , Pietikäinen Janna
Published: November 2019

Sustainability science is an emerging, free-standing scientific discipline. It has introduced a new approach to both sustainability research and educational programmes, while evoking novel perspectives to stronger societal contextualization. Among several other areas of sustainability research, competencies for sustainability have become a focal topic of sustainability education research. This research explores the educational programmes and the representation of the theory-based key competencies for sustainability. Through a qualitative content study of 45 master programmes associated with sustainability science, we aim to understand what kind of sustainability competencies can be found in sustainability science master’s programmes and how they reflect the current discussions of the discipline of sustainability science and possibly drive the future education in the field. The study reveals that commonly suggested competencies including systems thinking, anticipatory, strategic, interpersonal, and normative competencies were frequently mentioned as content and learning outcomes in the curricula and are firmly present and widely employed in sustainability education. Additionally, this study identified three other clusters of competencies: diverse modes of thinking, methodological plurality, and competencies for autonomy. In addition to the contribution to education in the field by suggesting three emerged competencies for sustainability science specifically, we aim to contribute to the ongoing discussion about the discipline by suggesting a process-oriented framing of sustainability science.
Managing autonomy in university–industry research: a case of collaborative Ph.D. projects in the Netherlands
Authors: Zalewska-Kurek Kasia , Harms Rainer
Published: November 2019

Research partnerships between university researchers and industry partners are becoming increasingly prevalent. For university researchers, maintaining autonomy is crucial. We explore how researchers strategically manage autonomy in collaborative research partnerships, using a framework to distinguish strategically planned and opportunity-driven behaviour in the process of selecting partners and executing research in partnerships. We then focus on the management of autonomy in setting research directions and managing the research process. We draw on insights from 14 management scholars engaged in collaborative Ph.D. research projects. Based on our analysis, we show that researcher autonomy has two facets: operational and scientific. Researchers are willing to compromise their operational autonomy as a price for industry collaboration. They have a strong need for scientific autonomy when deciding on research direction and research execution. Although they need funding, entering a specific relationship with industry and accepting restrictions on their operational autonomy is a choice. We conclude that researchers’ orientations towards practice and theory affects their choices in partnerships as well as modes of governance.
Multiple-party funding: tensions and related consequences for academic research in Europe
Authors: Link Karin , Müller Barbara
Published: November 2019

European universities are experiencing increasing financial pressures. Given that governmental budgets are cut, they have to additionally rely on further sources of funding. Multi-party funding, however, is not easily managed and poses serious challenges on academic research. This study explores the question “What tensions result from multiple-party funding, what are possible consequences of the different funding strategies and—transferring the findings to the university context—how can universities establish and manage multiple-party funded research?” We conducted a qualitative single case study in a non-university research center (NRC). NRC has gone through the process of increasing financial pressure and now relies on multiple sources of financing that have to be managed concurrently. Our results discuss opportunities and threats and reveal core tensions related to multiple-party funding activities. Adopting a paradox lens allows us to transfer the insights from this case to the university context. We systematically discuss consequences for universities and academic research and suggest approaches of actively managing tensions via strategies of accepting, differentiating and integrating. We thereby contribute to the discussion how to establish and manage third-party funded research for European universities.
Families of Exposing Maps in Strictly Pseudoconvex Domains
Authors: Lewandowski Arkadiusz
Published: November 2019

We prove that given a family $$(G_t)$$

(

G
t

)

of strictly pseudoconvex domains varying in $$\mathcal {C}^2$$

C

2

topology on domains, there exists a continuously varying family of exposing maps $$h_{t,\zeta }$$

h

t
,
ζ

for all $$G_t$$

G
t

at every $$\zeta \in \partial G_t$$

ζ
∈
∂

G
t

.
Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya
Authors: Zhou Nicolette A. , Fagnant-Sperati Christine S. , Komen Evans , Mwangi Benlick , Mukubi Johnstone , Nyangao James , Hassan Joanne , Chepkurui Agnes , Maina Caroline , van Zyl Walda B. , Matsapola Peter N. , Wolfaardt Marianne , Ngwana Fhatuwani B. , Jeffries-Miles Stacey , Coulliette-Salmond Angela , Peñaranda Silvia , Shirai Jeffry H. , Kossik Alexandra L. , Beck Nicola K. , Wilmouth Robyn , Boyle David S. , Burns Cara C. , Taylor Maureen B. , Borus Peter , Meschke John Scott
Published: November 2019

The bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) was developed to facilitate poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance, a supplement to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in PV eradication efforts. From April to September 2015, environmental samples were collected from four sites in Nairobi, Kenya, and processed using two collection/concentration methodologies: BMFS (> 3 L filtered) and grab sample (1 L collected; 0.5 L concentrated) with two-phase separation. BMFS and two-phase samples were analyzed for PV by the standard World Health Organization poliovirus isolation algorithm followed by intratypic differentiation. BMFS samples were also analyzed by a cell culture independent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and an alternative cell culture method (integrated cell culture-rRT-PCR with PLC/PRF/5, L20B, and BGM cell lines). Sabin polioviruses were detected in a majority of samples using BMFS (37/42) and two-phase separation (32/42). There was statistically more frequent detection of Sabin-like PV type 3 in samples concentrated with BMFS (22/42) than by two-phase separation (14/42,p = 0.035), possibly due to greater effective volume assayed (870 mL vs. 150 mL). Despite this effective volume assayed, there was no statistical difference in Sabin-like PV type 1 and Sabin-like PV type 2 detection between these methods (9/42 vs. 8/42,p = 0.80 and 27/42 vs. 32/42,p = 0.18, respectively). This study demonstrated that BMFS can be used for PV environmental surveillance and established a feasible study design for future research.
Compost and soil moisture effects on seasonal carbon and nitrogen dynamics, greenhouse gas fluxes and global warming potential of semi-arid soils
Authors: Brempong Mavis Badu , Norton Urszula , Norton Jay B.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

An 8-week incubation study was conducted to monitor soil inorganic nitrogen (N), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), greenhouse gases (GHG) [CO2, N2O and CH4] and cumulative global warming potential (GWP) in dryland soil.

Methods

Soil was amended with variable rates of compost (zero, 15, 30 and 45 dry Mg ha−1) and soil moistures [5% (dry), 7% (normal) and 14% (wet) water filled pore space (WFPS)] and experienced biweekly temperature transitions from 5 °C (late winter) to 10 °C (early spring) to 15 °C (late spring) to 25 °C (early summer).

Results

The addition of 30 and 45 Mg ha−1compost enhanced N mineralization with 13% more soil inorganic N (7.49 and 7.72 µg Ng−1 day−1, respectively) during early summer compared with lower compost rates. Normal and wet soils had 35% more DOC in the late spring (an average of 34 µg g−1 day−1) compared to the dry WFPS, but transitioning from late spring to early summer, DOC at all soil WFPS levels increased. Highest rates of compost were not significant sources of GHG with normal soil WFPS, compared with lower compost rates. Carbon dioxide emissions increased by 59 and 15%, respectively, as soil WFPS increased from dry to normal and normal to wet. Soils with normal WFPS were the most effective CH4sink.

Conclusion

One-time application of high compost rates to dryland soils leads to enhanced N and C mineralization under normal soil moisture and warmer temperature of the summer but will not pose significant global warming dangers to the environment through GHG emissions since soils are rarely wet.
Determination of Fetal Transcerebellar Diameter Nomogram in the Second Trimester
Authors: Desdicioglu Raziye , Ipek Ali , Desdicioglu Kadir , Gumus Mehmet , Yavuz Ayse Filiz
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was obtain nomogram of fetal transcerebellar diameter at 18–24 weeks of gestation with known prognosis of normal pregnancies. The study included 1236 healthy fetuses in the 18th–24th gestational week of women aged from 18 to 40 years (mean: 28.70 ± 5.26). The transcerebellar diameter, bi-parietal diameter, femur length and abdominal circumference of the fetuses were measured. Additionally, groups were divided according to maternal age and according to body mass index. The transcerebellar diameter of fetuses from 18 to 24 weeks gestation varied from 18.13 ± 2.16 to 26.42 ± 1.91 mm (mean: 22.12 ± 2.57 mm). Additionally, the mean and standard deviation of transcerebellar diameter and fetal parameters were determined according to gestational week, maternal age and maternal body mass index. Later, the correlations between transcerebellar diameter with pregnancy week, maternal age, maternal body mass index and fetal parameters were examined. Transcerebellar diameter was correlated with pregnancy week and fetal parameters (p < 0.01) but was not correlated with maternal age (p > 0.01). Additionally, transcerebellar diameter and fetal parameters were determined to show negative correlation with maternal body mass index (p < 0.01). Comparison of transcerebellar diameter with pregnancy week determined differences between weeks (p < 0.05), but no differences for age groups and body mass index groups (p > 0.05). Maternal age and maternal body mass index are significant factors affecting fetal development. We believe our data related to the transcerebellar diameter obtained at the end of the study will be beneficial for assessment of fetal development and identification of fetal anomalies.
Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis may represent a reproducible and practical tool to assess skeletal muscle mass in euvolemic acutely ill hospitalized geriatric patients
Authors: Sipers Walther M. W. H. , Dorge Jesper , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Verdijk Lex B. , van Loon Luc J. C.
Published: November 2019

Purpose

Geriatric patients with low skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and strength have a poor clinical outcome following acute illness. Consequently, it is recommended to assess SMM and strength in patients admitted to the acute care geriatric ward. Bio-impedance analysis (BIA) is a practical tool to assess SMM in hospitalized patients. However, the reproducibility of this assessment may be compromised due to changing clinical conditions. The objective was to study the reproducibility of SMM assessment using multifrequency BIA (mf-BIA) in acutely ill geriatric patients.

Methods

A total of 47 geriatric patients (age: 83 ± 7 years; n = 31 female) admitted to the acute geriatric ward participated in this pilot study. SMM was assessed on three occasions within the first week of hospital admission using the Maltron Bioscan-920-II.

Results

Total skeletal SMM averaged 21.4 ± 5.7, 20.7 ± 5.4, and 20.8 ± 5.1 kg assessed at 2 ± 1, 3 ± 1 and 5 ± 2 days after hospital admission, respectively. Coefficient of variation (COV) of the three SMM measurements was 4.9 ± 4.5% with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.976 (CI 95%: 0.961–0.986; P < 0.001). Hydration status affected the reproducibility of the measurement, with non-euvolemic patients (n = 16) showing a significantly higher COV (7.6 ± 5.9% vs 3.5 ± 2.9%; P < 0.01) and a lower ICC (0.983 vs 0.913; P < 0.001) when compared to the euvolemic patients (n = 31).

Conclusion

Mf-BIA seems a highly reproducible and reliable method to assess SMM throughout the first week of hospitalization in geriatric patients. However, since abnormal hydration status may compromise reliability of the measurement, assessment of SMM using mf-BIA may better be performed when euvolemic status has been established.
Analysis of Influence of a Crane Flexible Supports, Link Flexibility, and Joint Friction on Vibration Associated with Programmed Motion Execution
Authors: Jarzębowska Elżbieta , Urbaś Andrzej , Augustynek Krzysztof
Published: November 2019

Background

The paper presents vibration analysis of dynamic models of systems with flexible mechanical components, friction modeled and subjected to position and kinematic programmed constraints, which can be imposed as control goals, work or service task demands.

Methods

The constrained dynamics is derived using an automated computational procedure dedicated to constrained systems. The procedure was successfully implemented to rigid system models. A class of systems composed of flexible parts and subjected to programmed motions is considered in the paper. Their motion analysis has to be accompanied by vibration inspection. The novelty of the presented approach is in the possibility of analyzing system motions and vibrations that can be induced by the presence of programmed constraints.

Conclusions

The constrained motion is examined by the example of a crane model equipped with a flexible link, e.g. a jib, friction modeled in its joints and subjected to programmed constraints. The example delivers a realistic work situation, in which the crane carries loads and moves according to the programmed constraint put on motion.
Forefoot Pain in the Lesser Toes: Anatomical Considerations and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings
Authors: Hulstaert Tine , Shahabpour Maryam , Provyn Steven , Lenchik Leon , Simons Philip , Vanheste Ruben , De Maeseneer Michel
Published: November 2019

Various conditions may result in forefoot pain. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging allows accurate assessment of many of these conditions. We provide an overview of forefoot disorders divided into bones, capsule and plantar plate, musculotendinous structures, neurovascular structures, and subcutaneous tissue. We review normal anatomical features as well as MR imaging findings of common disorders.
Effects of ketamine on prepubertal Wistar rats: Implications on behavioral parameters for Childhood‐Onset Schizophrenia
Authors: Damazio Pacheco Felipe , Canever Lara , Antunes Mastella Gustavo , Gomes Wessler Patricia , Kunz Godoi Amanda , Hubbe Isabela , da Costa Afonso Arlindo , Celso Danielle , Quevedo João , Ioppi Zugno Alexandra
Published: November 2019

Early childhood schizophrenia (COS) is a rare condition and has no established animal model to test new treatments. Previous studies have shown that repeated doses of 25 mg/kg ketamine produce schizophrenia‐like changes in adult male Wistar rats, but adequate doses of ketamine in animal COS studies are not yet known. Male and female Wistar rats, 23 days old, received an injection of ketamine or intraperitoneal saline (i.p.) for 8 days. The animals underwent different behavioral tests: open field, social interaction, pre‐pulse startle inhibition (PPI). Female rats showed behavioral changes at all ketamine doses (5, 15, 25 and 50 mg/kg), in contrast to males that only at 50 mg/kg dose had interrupted PPI and higher stereotypy in the open field test. The present study demonstrated that ketamine at a dose of 50 mg/kg once daily from 23 to 31 days postnatal reproduced changes similar to schizophrenia in pre‐pubertal male and female Wistar rats and could be used, with other interventions, in future studies with animals in COS.