bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two different on-shelf femoral stems for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Liu Tong , Yang Yuhui , Shen Xianyue , Xiao Jianlin , Zuo Jianlin , Gao Zhongli
Published: August 2020

Objective

This study was performed to evaluate the proximal anatomical compatibility of stems for treatment of Crowe IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) using a previously developed three-dimensional comparison technique.

Methods

Patients with Crowe IV DDH who underwent computed tomography were retrospectively analyzed. The femoral medullary canals were three-dimensionally reconstructed, and models of cementless modular (S-ROM; DePuy Synthes) and conical (Wagner Cone; Zimmer Biomet) implants were used for virtual implantation. The negative point percentages (NPPs) were applied to verify fitting. The average distance (deviation) and the root mean square of the distance (RMSd) were used to quantify geometric compatibilities.

Results

Four (16.7%) and 12 (50.0%) femoral medullary canals could not be fitted properly with either the modular or conical implant. The NPPs in the distal comparison region were significantly greater in the conical than modular group. The deviation was significantly smaller in the modular than conical group. The RMSd was also significantly smaller in the modular than conical group.

Conclusions

Compared with conical implants, modular implants might be more effectively used in patients with Crowe type IV DDH. However, some Crowe IV DDH femurs with severe deformity cannot be fitted with either of these two on-shelf implants.
Occupational therapy practice with children with developmental coordination disorder: An online qualitative vignette survey
Authors: O’Dea Áine Emma , Coote Susan , Robinson Katie
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Children and young people with developmental coordination disorder experience multiple occupational performance and participation challenges across environments. Research to date has not fully explored occupational therapy practice with children with developmental coordination disorder and their families. This study aims to describe current occupational therapy practice with children with developmental coordination disorder.

Method

This study used a cross-sectional, online qualitative vignette survey methodology. International occupational therapists who were working with or had worked with children with developmental coordination disorder within the previous 5 years were invited to participate. Following a case vignette, clinicians were asked questions prompting them to describe their practice based upon the vignette. The data were analysed thematically. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research and Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys reporting guidelines were adhered to.

Findings

Fifty-three valid responses were analysed. Analysis identified three themes describing occupational therapy practice with children with developmental coordination disorder: (a) a collaborative approach to establish occupation-focused goals; (b) occupation-focused assessment to guide therapy and diagnose developmental coordination disorder; and (c) the use of occupation-based interventions incorporating multiple strategies to enhance occupational engagement.

Conclusion

This study suggests that current occupational therapy practice with children with developmental coordination disorder is collaborative, occupation-focused, and multi-component. Findings highlight a gap between the complexity of practice and the nature of interventions evaluated in research to date.
Applying Bayesian Optimization for Calibration of Transportation Simulation Models
Authors: Sha Di , Ozbay Kaan , Ding Yue
Published: August 2020

The parameters of a transportation simulation model need to pass through a careful calibration process to ensure that the model’s output is as close as possible to the actual system. Owing to the computationally expensive and black-box nature of a simulation model, there is a need for robust and efficient calibration algorithms. This paper proposes a Bayesian optimization framework for the high-dimensional calibration problem of transportation simulation models. Bayesian optimization uses acquisition functions to determine more promising values for future evaluation, instead of relying on local gradient approximations. It guarantees convergence to the global optimum with a reduced number of evaluations, therefore is very computationally efficient. The proposed algorithm is applied to the calibration of a simulation network coded in simulation of urban mobility (SUMO), an open-source microscopic transportation simulation platform, and compared with a well-known method named simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation (SPSA). To assess the calibration accuracy, speed distributions obtained from the two models calibrated using these two different methods are compared with the observation. For both the Bayesian optimization and SPSA results, the simulated and observed distributions are validated to be from the same distribution at a 95% confidence level for multiple sensor locations. Thus, the calibration accuracy of the two approaches are both acceptable for a stochastic transportation simulation model. However, Bayesian optimization shows a better convergence and a higher computational efficiency than SPSA. In addition, the comparative results of multiple implementations validate its robustness for a noisy objective function, unlike SPSA which may sometimes get stuck in a local optimum and fail to converge in a global solution.
Decrease in Viscosity Caused by Agglomeration and Particle Dispersion in Cement–Fly Ash Suspensions
Authors: Kim Jae Hong , Jun Yubin
Published: August 2020

Incorporating fly ash in a concrete mix significantly improves its consistency, resulting in lower viscosity. It is believed that the spherical shape of the fly ash particles is the main cause of the low viscosity. However, the physicochemical causality of the fly ash effect has not been deeply studied and there have been only limited experiments on the particles’ interactions. The use of laser backscattering measurement in this paper allowed the investigation of the agglomeration and dispersion of fly ash particles in an in situ paste. It was found that agglomerates composed of mixed particles develop in a fly ash–cement paste. Their dimensions are comparable to those in neat cement paste. More importantly, incorporating nano-scale spherical dispersed fly ash particles in the mix provides a ball-bearing effect between the micro-scale agglomerates. The viscosity of the mix consequently decreases.
Prognostic Parameters of Acute Transverse Myelitis in Children
Authors: Ganelin-Cohen Esther , Konen Osnat , Nevo Yoram , Cohen Rony , Halevy Ayelet , Shuper Avinoam , Aharoni Sharon
Published: August 2020

Acute transverse myelitis is a rare and disabling disorder. Data on the imaging features in children are sparse. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings characteristic of pediatric idiopathic acute transverse myelitis and to identify those with prognostic value. The database of a tertiary pediatric medical center was retrospectively reviewed for patients aged less than 18 years who were diagnosed in 2002-2017 with acute transverse myelitis that was not associated with recurrence of a demyelinating autoimmune event. Data were collected on clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings and outcome. A total of 23 children (11 male, 12 female) met the study criteria. Mean age at disease onset was 10 years, and mean duration of follow-up was 6 years 10 months. Spinal cord and brain magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on admission or shortly thereafter. The most common finding was cross-sectional involvement, in 16 patients (70%). The mean number of involved spinal segments was 8. The most frequently involved region was the thoracic spine, in 17 patients (74%). Clinical factors predicting good prognosis were cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, absence of tetraparesis, and prolonged time to nadir. In conclusion, most children with acute transverse myelitis appear to have a good outcome. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important. Further research is needed in a larger sample to evaluate the predictive value of imaging features.
The Workplace Support for Health Scale: Reliability and Validity of a Brief Scale to Measure Employee Perceptions of Wellness
Authors: Kava Christine M. , Passey Debbie , Harris Jeffrey R. , Chan Kwun C. Gary , Hannon Peggy A.
Published: August 2020

Purpose:

To examine the reliability and validity of a brief measure (the Workplace Support for Health [WSH] scale) to assess employees’ perceived support for a healthy lifestyle.

Design:

Repeated cross-sectional surveys.

Setting:

We collected employer- and employee-level survey data from small, low-wage workplaces in King County, WA enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.

Sample:

We analyzed data from 68 workplaces that had 2,820 and 2,640 employees complete surveys at baseline and 15 months, respectively.

Measures:

The WSH scale consisted of five items. To assess validity, we examined associations between the WSH scale and employer implementation of evidence-based interventions for health promotion, employee self-rated health, and job satisfaction.

Analysis:

We performed an exploratory factor analysis to assess the unidimensionality of the WSH scale items, and produced Cronbach’s alpha coefficients to examine scale reliability. We ran regression models using generalized estimating equations to examine validity.

Results:

The factor analysis indicated one factor, which accounted for 59% of the total variance in the workplace support for health items. The scale had good reliability at baseline (α = 0.82) and 15 months (α = 0.83). Employer evidence-based intervention implementation was positively associated with WSH. WSH was also associated with higher self-rated health and job satisfaction. These associations indicate good concurrent validity.

Conclusion:

The WSH scale is a reliable and valid measure of perceived workplace support for health. Employers can use the scale to identify gaps in support and create a plan for improvement.
Investigation of residual stress distribution induced during deep rolling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy
Authors: Han Kunpeng , Zhang Dinghua , Yao Changfeng , Tan Liang , Zhou Zheng , Zhao Yu
Published: August 2020

To clarify the effects of deep rolling parameters on residual stress, two-dimensional and three-dimensional finite element models were developed using the Chaboche hardening model. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulation results were compared with experimental results. The three-dimensional model is more accurate, especially the 90° cut-out model. The maximum errors in the longitudinal and circumferential directions of 90° cut-out are 8.9% and 15.6%, respectively. Compared to 20 MPa, a rolling pressure of 38 MPa results in larger and deeper compressive residual stress in both directions, but lower surface residual stress in the circumferential direction. Compared to 30% overlap, 60% overlap produces larger compressive residual stress in the near surface region in the longitudinal direction and deeper residual stress with lower maximum compressive residual stress in the circumferential direction. The friction coefficient only slightly affects residual stress in the circumferential direction; increasing the rolling speed induces higher near surface residual stress in the circumferential direction. Compared to the HG6 tool, the HG8 tool generates decreasing surface residual stresses and deeper residual stress in both directions. Compared to one pass, two passes significantly increase the residual stress in circumferential direction, but only slightly increase the residual stress in the longitudinal direction.
Gradient-like minimization methods for aeroengines diagnosis and control
Authors: Sánchez de León L , Rodrigo J , Vega JM , Montañés JL
Published: August 2020

Nowadays, there is an ever growing interest for gas turbine and aeroengines prognostics. The capability to assess not only the current state of an asset, but also to be able to predict its remaining useful life (RUL), and hence to perform condition-based maintenance (CBM) —if, and only when, it is needed— can represent a huge deal in the manufacturer profits. Against the plethora of data-driven methods that have arisen in the past few years, there is still some knowledge to be gained in terms of understanding the underlying phenomenology of engine degradation. In fact, it is certainly a non-trivial problem, to realize what has happened to the rotating components of an engine just by observing the pressure being measured by certain sensor rise, or some other temperature measured along the main gas-path decrease its value. In this regard, model-based approaches —and, in particular, gas path analysis (GPA)— can assist us in gaining such knowledge. In this paper, a non-linear GPA technique is revisited, introducing some novelties to the solver, and making use of current computational methods and resources, to establish a solid ‘foundation’ that will serve as the basis for further research.
Research on dynamic behavior of train dynamic model of straddle-type monorail
Authors: Yang Zhen , Du Zixue , Xu Zhouzhou , Zhou Junchao , Hou Zhongwei
Published: August 2020

This article focus on the dynamic behavior of straddle-type monorail composed of multiple vehicles. The four-vehicle dynamic model of straddle-type monorail considering the coupler force is established on the basis of the coupler dynamic model. The correctness of the model is verified by the real experimental vehicle test of Chongqing straddle monorail line 3 from Huixing station to Changfuroad station. The stable wheel overturning coefficient suitable for monorail is proposed which is used to evaluate the anti-overturning performance of straddle monorail. The vibration response, riding comfort, and dynamic curving behavior are analyzed using the dynamic model. The results show that the vibration response of car body accelerations obtained by single-car model is much different from that obtained by train model. The riding comfort of straddle-type calculated by the single-car model would make large mistake, and a multiple train model is needed. The dynamic curving behavior of straddle-type monorail obtained by the single-car model could represent the dynamic curving behavior well.
Remaining useful life prognostics for the rolling bearing based on a hybrid data-driven method
Authors: Guo Runxia , Wang Yingang
Published: August 2020

Rolling bearing is the core part of rotating mechanical equipment, so developing an effective remaining useful life prognostics method and alarming the impending fault for rolling bearing are of necessity to guarantee the reliable operation of mechanical equipment and schedule maintenance. The relevance vector machine is one of the substantially used methods for remaining useful life prognostics of rolling bearing. However, the accuracy generated by relevance vector machine drops rapidly in the long-term prognostics. To remedy this existing shortcoming of relevance vector machine, a novel hybrid method combining grey model, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition and relevance vector machine are put forward. In the hybrid prognostics framework, the grey model is applied to gain a “raw” prediction result based on a trained model and produce an original error sequence. Subsequently, a new smoother error sequence reconstructed by complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition method is used to train relevance vector machine model, by which the future prediction error applied to correct the raw prediction results of grey model is projected. Ultimately, the online learning technique is used to implement dynamic updating of the “old” hybrid model, so that the remaining useful life of rolling bearing throughout the run-to-failure data set could be accurately predicted. The experimental results demonstrate the satisfactory prognostics performance.
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) implies a more severe disease with more damage accrual and higher mortality
Authors: Riancho-Zarrabeitia Leyre , Martínez-Taboada Victor , Rúa-Figueroa Iñigo , Alonso Fernando , Galindo-Izquierdo María , Ovalles Juan , Olivé-Marqués Alejandro , Fernández-Nebro Antonio , Calvo-Alén Jaime , Menor-Almagro Raúl , Tomero-Muriel Eva , Uriarte-Isacelaya Esther , Botenau Alina , Andres Mariano , Freire-González Mercedes , Santos Soler Gregorio , Ruiz-Lucea Esther , Ibáñez-Barceló Mónica , Castellví Iván , Galisteo Carlos , Quevedo Vila Víctor , Raya Enrique , Narváez-García Javier , Expósito Lorena , Hernández-Beriaín José A , Horcada Loreto , Aurrecoechea Elena , Pego-Reigosa Jose M.
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have been associated with organ damage and certain features in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients. Our aim was to investigate the differences between SLE patients according to the presence of aPL and/or clinical antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).

Materials and methods

Patients from the RELESSER-T registry were included. RELESSER-T is a Spanish multicenter, hospital-based, retrospective, SLE registry.

Results

We included 2398 SLE patients, 1372 of whom were positive for aPL. Overall 1026 patients were classified as SLE, 555 as SLE-APS and817 as SLE-aPL. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, SLE-APS patients had higher rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes than those with SLE-aPL and SLE ( p < 0.001). SLE-APS patients showed higher rates of neuropsychiatric, cardiac, pulmonary, renal and ophthalmological manifestations than the other groups ( p < 0.001). SLE-APS patients presented greater damage accrual with higher SLICC values (1.9 ± 2.2 in SLE-APS, 0.9 ± 1.4 in SLE-aPL and 1.1 ± 1.6 in SLE, p < 0.001) and more severe disease as defined by the Katz index (3 ± 1.8 in SLE-APS, 2.7 ± 1.7 in SLE-aPL and 2.6 ± 1.6 in SLE, p  < 0.001). SLE-APS patients showed higher mortality rates ( p < 0.001).

Conclusions

SLE-APS patients exhibited more severe clinical profiles with higher frequencies of major organ involvement, greater damage accrual and higher mortality than SLE-aPL and SLE patients.
Examining diversity in public willingness to participate in offshore human biobanking: An Australian mixed methods study
Authors: Critchley Christine , Wiersma Miriam , Lipworth Wendy , Light Edwina , Dive Lisa , Kerridge Ian
Published: August 2020

To ensure their sustainability and scientific utility, human biobanks are networking internationally. Sharing biospecimens and associated data across jurisdictions raise a number of practical, ethical, legal and social challenges that could reduce the publics’ willingness to donate their much needed tissue for research purposes. This research aims to identify the impact of biobank location on willingness to donate through a national quantitative survey ( n = 750) and 16 in-depth interviews. A latent class analysis in combination with qualitative results suggests that a large proportion of Australians are willing to donate and/or allow their tissue to be stored offshore to help others, but others are reluctant due to uncertainty around foreign ethical and regulatory standards and the loss of potential local benefits. The results highlight for the first time the diversity of public views, and provide important guidance for policy makers and science communicators eager to tailor strategies for specific publics.
Socio-economic Determinants of Temporary Labour Migration in Western Jharkhand, India
Authors: Sucharita Sanhita
Published: August 2020

This article examines the socio-economic determinant of temporary labour migration in Jharkhand. The study uses primary data collected from 12 villages in the western region of Jharkhand. We have used logistic regression model to find out the socio-economic determinant of migration by setting, individual ( n = 4,241) and households ( n = 781). The regression results show that temporary migration is basically from poor households, and migrants are basically male, young and form Scheduled Caste community. Here, landholding and Monthly Per capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) have been taken as the indicator of poverty. We find that there is significant and negative relationship between land owned and migration, that is, the more the land owned, the less the household is likely to migrate. Further, we find that higher the MPCE, lesser the induvial is likely to migrate. Poverty, lack of sufficient means of subsistence, unequal distribution of landholding to meet household expenditure, availability of employment opportunities and loan are the main causes of temporary migration. Since temporary labour migration is very large, it needs to be given high priority with specific policy interventions.
Evaluation of the Differences Between Conventional and Digitally Developed Models Used for Prosthetic Rehabilitation in a Case of Untreated Palatal Cleft
Authors: Beh Yew Hin , Farook Taseef Hasan , Jamayet Nafij Bin , Dudley James , Rashid Farah , Barman Aparna , Alam Mohammad Khursheed
Published: August 2020

Objective:

The virtual cone beam computed tomography–derived 3-dimensional model was compared with the scanned conventional model used in the fabrication of a palatal obturator for a patient with a large palatal defect.

Design:

A digitally derived 3-dimensional maxillary model incorporating the palatal defect was generated from the patient’s existing cone beam computerized tomography data and compared with the scanned cast from the conventional impression for linear dimensions, area, and volume. The digitally derived cast was 3-dimensionally printed and the obturator fabricated using traditional techniques. Similarly, an obturator was fabricated from the conventional cast and the fit of both final obturator bulbs were compared in vivo.

Results:

The digitally derived model produced more accurate volumes and surface areas within the defect. The defect margins and peripheries were overestimated which was reflected clinically.

Conclusion:

The digitally derived model provided advantages in the fabrication of the palatal obturator; however, further clinical research is required to refine consistency.
Harnessing the compressed-spring mechanism for a six-degrees-of-freedom quasi-zero-stiffness vibration isolation platform
Authors: Zheng Yisheng , Zhang Xinong , Luo Yajun , Xie Shilin , Zhang Yahong
Published: August 2020

The compressed-spring structure is a simple and reliable mechanism to achieve negative stiffness, which has been vastly investigated for achieving quasi-zero-stiffness isolation. However, six-degrees-of-freedom quasi-zero-stiffness isolators based on this kind of negative-stiffness mechanism still have not been touched. In this study, we propose a six-degrees-of-freedom quasi-zero-stiffness isolation platform constructed by six modules that use compressed-spring structures. Its underlying quasi-zero-stiffness principles in the translational and torsional directions are explained. By establishing the static model of the platform and linearizing it at the static equilibrium position, we find that the linear cross-coupling effects appear if the static load exists. Linearized dynamic analysis of the isolation platform is then performed and the results demonstrate that by applying spring compression, the isolation frequency band can be expanded to lower frequency range in six directions. Because of cross-coupling effects resulted from the static load, the platform cannot achieve whole-frequency-range isolation in the coupling directions even if the spring compressions satisfy quasi-zero-stiffness conditions.
The challenges of responding to misinformation during a pandemic: content moderation and the limitations of the concept of harm
Authors: Baker Stephanie Alice , Wade Matthew , Walsh Michael James
Published: August 2020

Social media have been central in informing people about the COVID-19 pandemic. They influence the ways in which information is perceived, communicated and shared online, especially with physical distancing measures in place. While these technologies have given people the opportunity to contribute to public discussions about COVID-19, the narratives disseminated on social media have also been characterised by uncertainty, disagreement, false and misleading advice. Global technology companies have responded to these concerns by introducing new content moderation policies based on the concept of harm to tackle the spread of misinformation and disinformation online. In this essay, we examine some of the key challenges in implementing these policies in real time and at scale, calling for more transparent and nuanced content moderation strategies to increase public trust and the quality of information about the pandemic consumed online.
Examining mental health literacy, help-seeking behaviours, distress, and wellbeing in UK coaches
Authors: Gorczynski Paul , Gibson Kass , Clarke Nathan , Mensah Tyrone , Summers Rory
Published: August 2020

Although research has explored stress in coaches, little is known about their mental health literacy and how this is associated with their mental health. Their mental health literacy may have an impact on the wellbeing of their young players. This study examined levels of mental health literacy, help-seeking behaviours, distress, and wellbeing, as well as relationships amongst these variables, in coaches in the United Kingdom. Coaches were recruited through social media and asked to fill out questionnaires. A total of 103 coaches ( n = 65 men, n = 37 women, n = 1 other gender) participated in the study. Coaches had an average age of 27.9 (SD = 10.6) years. Most self-identified as heterosexual ( n = 85, 82.5%), had four or more years of experience ( n = 46, 44.7%), coached children ( n = 77, 74.8%), and coached at either the beginner ( n = 30, 29.1%) or amateur levels ( n = 66, 64.1%). In total, 20 (19.4%) coaches indicated a previous diagnosis of a mental disorder. A total of 51 (49.5%) coaches indicated that, at the time of the completion of the survey, they exhibited symptoms of a mental disorder. Overall, the average mental health literacy score was 123.10 and lower than in previous studies. Mental health literacy was not significantly associated with help-seeking behaviour, distress, or wellbeing. General help-seeking behaviour was positively correlated with wellbeing. The results suggest that coach certification programmes could adopt strategies to help coaches improve their knowledge of mental health services and how such services may be accessed. These changes may improve the wellbeing of coaches and may benefit their athletes.
A sport-specific optimization approach to mental wellness for youth in low-income neighborhoods
Authors: Donohue Bradley , Gavrilova Elena , Strong Michelle , Allen Daniel N.
Published: August 2020

Psychiatric disorders, particularly substance use disorders, are an impactful and highly prevalent public health concern in youth from low-income neighborhoods (YLINs). Indeed, prevention and intervention programs for mental health disorders that have evidenced improvements in youth from general population are not well integrated into community resources of YLINs and appear to be a poor fit for YLINs. Along this vein, experts have indicated there is an immediate need to empirically refine existing evidence-based mental health programs to be less stigmatizing, more culturally sensitive, relevant, and engaging for YLINs. To assist in addressing this need, we describe an innovative sport-specific optimization approach to mental wellness that is tailored for use in YLINs. Derived from Family Behavior Therapy, The Optimum Performance Programme in Sports (TOPPS) was developed to be implemented within the umbrella of well-established sport organizations that are accepted within low-income communities (e.g. YMCA, Boys & Girls Club) or primary and secondary school systems. TOPPS is designed to address both prevention and intervention of mental health disorders through a focus on overall wellness and sport performance, and incorporation of engagement methods, significant others, sport/physical education, and evidence-supported methods of addressing culture. Given the absence of sport-specific mental health intervention for youth, TOPPS may be appropriate in this population. However, formal evaluation of TOPPS in youth samples is warranted.
Pilot Study of an Overdose First Aid Program in Juvenile Detention
Authors: Chambers Stephanie , Baca Melanie , Navrotskaya Ekaterina , Madaras Annemarie , Rhyne Robert L. , Hettema Jennifer , Phillips Christina
Published: August 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and short-term impact of a brief opioid overdose prevention and mitigation training administered to detained youth at risk for witnessing an overdose.

Methods

Adolescents seen in the medical clinic in a youth detention center were screened to determine risk for witnessing an overdose. Eligible adolescents completed a pretraining assessment that included opioid witnessing experiences and knowledge of and attitudes toward opioid overdose prevention. Participants completed a one-on-one overdose first aid training, received a naloxone (Narcan) kit at release, and completed a posttraining assessment of knowledge and attitudes. At 1 month and 3 months postrelease, participants completed telephone interviews to report satisfaction and application of training concepts.

Results

A total of 39 adolescent residents participated in this pilot study. Rates of recruitment and retention, as well as high rates of witnessing opioid use and overdose, indicate that opioid overdose prevention interventions are warranted with this population. There were significant changes in knowledge, confidence, and readiness to intervene in an opioid overdose from pre- to posttraining. At follow-up, the majority of participants still possessed their naloxone, and all reported sharing information from the training with others and having a plan if they witnessed an overdose. One participant reported completion of an overdose reversal.

Implications

Opioid overdose prevention training with detained youth is feasible and shows promising impacts on knowledge and application, meriting the need for future research.
Political Satire, That Was The Week That Was, and the Assassination of John F. Kennedy
Authors: Bodroghkozy Aniko
Published: August 2020

The political satire boom in the United States and the United Kingdom experienced a brief, albeit notorious success on British and American television, most notably represented by That Was The Week That Was. In the United States, the satire boom largely evaporated with the assassination of President Kennedy. This article examines the transatlantic history of this iconic programme during the Kennedy years and how that transatlantic exchange manifested in the midst of the immediate aftermath of Kennedy’s death with the British satirists’ hastily produced tribute episode a day after the American president’s assassination, its broadcast on NBC twice in the days following the assassination, and the Anglophilic response by American audiences to the programme in voluminous letters sent to the BBC.
Effect of inlaid elastic yarns and inlay pattern on physical properties and compression behaviour of weft-knitted spacer fabric
Authors: Yu Annie , Sukigara Sachiko , Takeuchi Shunji
Published: August 2020

Spacer fabrics are commonly used as cushioning materials. Their compression properties are one of the most important concerns in determining their specific end-use. Therefore, it is time and cost- efficient to have another means available that could allow quick and easy modifications to the compression behaviour of spacer fabrics and control them too. In this study, a method that uses an elastic inlay is adopted to modify the physical and compression properties of spacer fabrics. Fifteen samples constructed with different spacer structures and inlay yarns and patterns were fabricated and then evaluated. The results show that spacer fabrics with different thicknesses, densities and compression behaviours can be obtained by using different inlay patterns and elastic yarns. Increasing the number of miss stitches in the inlay pattern can help to increase the thickness and stiffness of spacer fabric and withstand a higher compression strength. However, when the number of miss stitches further increases to 3 miss stitches between every tuck stitch, the irregularity of the spacer structure would increase and could show adverse effects to certain spacer structures. The spacer fabric made by incorporating an elastic inlay can retain air permeability and a lower fabric weight than that made by the knit stitches of elastic yarns together with the surface yarns. By changing the inlay pattern, a spacer fabric with different compression behaviours in different areas of the same fabric can be realised. This novel method can increase the flexibility of creating a spacer fabric with the desired properties.
Low-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Over Contralesional Motor Cortex for Motor Recovery in Subacute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim Won-Seok , Kwon Bum Sun , Seo Han Gil , Park Jihong , Paik Nam-Jong
Published: August 2020

Background

Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the contralesional motor cortex (M1) has demonstrated beneficial effects on motor recovery, but evidence among patients with subacute stroke is lacking. We aimed to investigate whether 1-Hz rTMS over the contralesional M1 versus sham rTMS could improve arm function in patients with subacute ischemic stroke when combined with rehabilitative motor training.

Methods

In total, 77 patients who were within 90 days after their first-ever ischemic stroke were enrolled and randomly allocated to either real (n = 40) or sham rTMS (n = 37). We delivered 1-Hz 30-minute active or sham rTMS before each daily 30-minute occupational therapy sessions over a 2-week period. The primary endpoint was changes in the Box and Block Test (BBT) score immediately after the end of treatment (EOT). Secondary analyses assessed changes in Fugl-Meyer assessment, Finger Tapping Test (FTT), Brunnstrom stage, and grip strength.

Clinical Trial Registration

ClinialTrials.gov (NCT02082015).

Results

Changes in BBT immediately after the end of treatment did not differ significantly between the 2 groups ( P = .267). Subgroup analysis according to cortical involvement revealed that real rTMS resulted in improvements in BBT at 1 month after EOT (17.4 ± 9.8 real vs 10.9 ± 10.3 sham; P = .023) and Brunnstrom stage of the hand immediately after EOT (0.6 ± 0.5 real vs 0.2 ± 0.5 sham; P = .023), only in the group without cortical involvement.

Conclusion

The effects of real and sham rTMS did not differ significantly among patients within 3 months poststroke. The location of stroke lesions should be considered for future clinical trials.
The utility of lung ultrasound in COVID-19: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Trauer Michael M , Matthies Ashley , Mani Nick , McDermott Cian , Jarman Robert
Published: August 2020

Introduction

Lung ultrasound (LUS) has an established evidence base and has proven useful in previous viral epidemics. An understanding of the utility of LUS in COVID-19 is crucial to determine its most suitable role based on local circumstances.

Method

Online databases, specialist websites and social media platforms were searched to identify studies that explore the utility of LUS in COVID-19. Case reports and recommendations were excluded.

Findings

In total, 33 studies were identified which represent a rapidly expanding evidence base for LUS in COVID-19. The quality of the included studies was relatively low; however, LUS certainly appears to be a highly sensitive and fairly specific test for COVID-19 in all ages and in pregnancy.

Discussion

There may be LUS findings and patterns that are relatively specific to COVID-19; however, specificity may also be influenced by factors such as disease severity, pre-existing lung disease, operator experience, disease prevalence and the reference standard.

Conclusion

LUS is almost certainly more sensitive than chest radiograph for COVID-19 and has several advantages over computed tomography and real-time polymerase chain reaction. High-quality research is needed into various aspects of LUS including: diagnostic accuracy in undifferentiated patients; triage and prognostication; monitoring progression and guiding interventions; the persistence of residual LUS findings; inter-observer agreement and the role of contrast-enhanced LUS.
Activity measurement in pediatric chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Loiacono Bernardo , Sunnquist Madison , Nicholson Laura , Jason Leonard A
Published: August 2020

Objectives

Individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) experience debilitating symptoms, including post-exertional malaise, an intensification of symptoms after physical or cognitive exertion. Previous studies found differences in the activity levels and patterns of activity among individuals with ME and CFS, compared to healthy controls; however, limited research exists on the activity levels of pediatric patients. The objective of this study was to examine differences in activity between healthy children and youth with ME and CFS.

Methods

The present study examines the objective (i.e., ActiGraphy) and self-reported levels of activity among children (ages 5 to 17) enrolled in a community-based study of pediatric CFS.

Results

Children with ME and CFS evidenced lower activity levels than healthy control children. Moreover, participants with ME and CFS evidenced increased nighttime activity and delayed initiation of daytime activity. Participants’ self-reported activity data significantly correlated with their ActiGraph data, suggesting that children with ME and CFS are able to accurately describe their activity level.

Discussion

This study highlights differences in activity level and diurnal/nocturnal activity patterns between healthy children and those with ME and CFS. These differences should be considered in identifying appropriate supports and accommodations for children with ME and CFS.
Hepatoprotective Activities of Polysaccharide From the Fruit of Ribes odoratum Wendl. on High-Fat-Sucrose Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice
Authors: Zou Lin-you , Hu Na , Wang Ning , Wang Hong-lun
Published: August 2020

To investigate the hepatoprotective activities of a polysaccharide extracted from the fruit of Ribes odoratum Wendl. (ROWFP) in a mouse model of high-fat-sucrose diet (HFD)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The NAFLD model was induced in C57BL/6 mice by feeding them an HFD for 12 weeks. The mice were randomly divided into the following 5 groups: control group, HFD group, 10-mg/kg ROWFP group, 100-mg/kg ROWFP group, and 200-mg/kg ROWFP group. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the serum were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The liver ultrastructure was observed via optical microscopy. The oil red O-stained lipid droplets of the fresh liver samples were analyzed, and the lipid content was semiquantified. CD68 expression in the liver tissue and serum levels of the inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) were measured to reflect the inflammation status. The degree of liver fibrosis was determined by sirius red staining. When compared with the control group, the levels of AST, ALT, TG, TC, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and CD68 in the HFD group were increased, while the HDL level was decreased. Severe liver damage, lipid accumulation, and liver fibrosis were also observed in the HFD model group. When compared with the model group, ROWFP treatment (100 mg/kg or 200 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the HFD-induced hepatic damage. This study supports the hepatoprotective effect of ROWFP against HFD-induced NAFLD.
School Nursing and Public Health: The Case for School Nurse Investigators and Contact Tracing Monitors of COVID-19 Patients in Massachusetts
Authors: Flaherty Elizabeth A.
Published: August 2020

School nurses across Massachusetts and the nation rose to the challenges presented by the pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One of the many ways in which school nurses responded to the pandemic was to work in collaboration with their Local Boards of Health in a variety of capacities. The essential functions of a school nurse uniquely prepare them for the roles of case investigators and contact tracing monitors as a means to ensure population health. In addition to both individual and population health within the school setting, school nurses are effective partner in emergency planning and can help inform decision making and policy making within communities.
Evaluations of Self-Focused Versus Other-Focused Arguments for Social Distancing: An Extension of Moral Matching Effects
Authors: Luttrell Andrew , Petty Richard E.
Published: August 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has raised pressing questions about effective public health communication. Prior research has shown a persuasive advantage of arguments emphasizing a behavior’s benefits for others’ health compared to benefits for the recipients. We suggest that other-focused (vs. self-focused) messages function more as moral arguments and should thus be especially persuasive to people who moralize public health. Across three studies, people perceived other-focused (vs. self-focused) appeals for social distancing more as moral arguments. Further, evaluations of these messages’ persuasiveness were moderated by how much the recipient already moralized public health. Other-focused arguments tended to be perceived as more persuasive than self-focused arguments primarily among people who saw public health as a moral issue, which had corresponding effects on social distancing intentions. These findings provide critical insight to health communicators and underscore the importance of understanding that a message’s impact can depend on audience characteristics.
A rare case report of apixaban-induced lichenoid eruption
Authors: Patil Tanvi , Hanna Suzanne , Torre Wayne
Published: August 2020

With recent increase in the use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), several new cases of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) have been identified in pharmacovigilance surveys. These ADRs can result in significant mortality and morbidity if not identified and treated promptly. It is important for physicians to recognize that immunologically mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions, although rare in occurrence, can have significant impact on patient’s quality of life. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of lichenoid eruption associated with apixaban. We further provide evidence of tolerance to rivaroxaban in the same patient.

Plain language summary

Apixaban-induced lichenoid eruption Well documented case reports, although providing evidence of probable causal relationship between a drug and specific adverse drug reactions (ADRs), can increase awareness amongst clinicians treating patients with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), especially with its rapid utilization. Rare ADRs are difficult to detect as clinical trials of DOACs lacked enough patient sample, making post-marketing reporting of such events important so both patients and clinicians can be vigilant to help with prompt recognition of such symptoms. We report the first case of lichenoid eruption hypersensitivity reaction associated with apixaban in patient with tolerance to rivaroxaban.
Vedolizumab is effective and safe in elderly inflammatory bowel disease patients: a binational, multicenter, retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cohen Nathaniel Aviv , Plevris Nikolas , Kopylov Uri , Grinman Anna , Ungar Bella , Yanai Henit , Leibovitzh Haim , Isakov Naomi Fliss , Hirsch Ayal , Ritter Einat , Ron Yulia , Shitrit Ariella Bar‐Gil , Goldin Eran , Dotan Iris , Horin Shomron Ben , Lees Charlie W , Maharshak Nitsan
Published: August 2020

Background

Immune modulating therapies are associated with an increased risk of infections and malignancies. This is of particular concern in elderly inflammatory bowel disease patients. This study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of vedolizumab between young and elderly inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Methods

A binational, multicentre, retrospective, cohort study was performed from 2015 to 2019. Patients who underwent treatment with vedolizumab and were followed for at least 14 weeks were studied. They were divided according to age into groups: 40 years or less or 60 years or older. Clinical and endoscopic responses at weeks 14 and 52 and infection development were compared between young and elderly inflammatory bowel disease patient groups.

Results

There were 144 patients (82 Crohn’s disease and 62 ulcerative colitis) in the elderly cohort and 140 patients (83 Crohn’s disease and 57 ulcerative colitis) in the young cohort. The average age was 70.2 ± 7.3 years and 29.6 ± 5.7 years, respectively. Clinical and endoscopic responses were comparable between the groups (week 52 remission of Crohn’s disease: 40% vs. 35%, P  = 0.7; week 52 remission of ulcerative colitis: 48% vs. 51%, P  = 0.84). Previous anti‐tumour necrosis factor biological therapy was independently associated with poor clinical remission rates at week 52 (Crohn’s disease: odds ratio 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.79; P  = 0.02 and ulcerative colitis: odds ratio 0.10 95% confidence interval 0.01–0.74; P  = 0.024). There were significantly more infections in the elderly cohort (2% vs. 12%, P  = 0.002), none of which were fatal.

Conclusions

Vedolizumab is equally effective in elderly and young inflammatory bowel disease patients. The findings of this study demonstrate an increased risk of infections among the elderly treated with vedolizumab, which may be related to their age and underlying diseases.
Disruption and dislocation in post-COVID futures for digital health
Authors: Milne Richard , Costa Alessia
Published: August 2020

In this piece we explore the COVID pandemic as an opportunity for the articulation and realization of digital health futures. Our discussion draws on an engagement with emergent discourse around COVID-19 and ongoing work on imaginaries of future care associated with digital tools for the detection of cognitive decline and the risk of dementia. We describe how the post-COVID futures of digital health are narrated in terms of the timing and speed with which they are being brought into being, as market actors attempt to establish the scale and durability of the COVID transformation. However, we also point to the particularly spatial changes to medical practice they envisage. In a time of distancing and isolation, the ability to operate effectively at a distance has become integral to the future of medical assessment, diagnosis and care. However, spatialized promises of digital health and the ability to act remotely are unevenly spread – some organizations and entities inevitably have greater reach.