bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Nanomaterials for Therapy and Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Gupta Jitendra
Published: January 2022

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the world’s widely affected disorders, including ischemia and stroke. Acute Myocardial ischemia (AMI) is a deadly disease caused by irreversible damage to the left ventricular heart tissues.  The thromboembolic plaque stops the oxygen supply to the main blood vessels and ventricles. During chronic inflammation, myocardial infarction and free radicals damage stable myocardium, smooth muscles cell, and epithelial cells caused by outer membrane loss and ventricular wall smoothing and dilation. Specially constructed scaffolds made of biological and nanoparticles have been created to shield the left ventricle from further injury and recover ischemic endothelial cells. Preclinical experiments have demonstrated that scaffolds containing growth factors and cells will regenerate ischemic tissue into a stable pericardium in good working order. Various medicinal approaches that treat cardiovascular disease conditions at different stages are discussed in this review article, with biomaterials receiving special attention. This review further addresses the manipulation and manufacturing of biomedical implantable devices using nanomedicine methods and drug delivery principles. The use of graphene and exosomal nanovesicle in cardiovascular therapeutics recently progressed in research studies.
Ameliorating the Effect of Mycotoxins in Poultry Feeds Using Plant Extracts
Authors: Varalakshmi A. R. , Josephine A. , Priya R. Kunguma , Revathi K.
Published: January 2022

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungal origin that tends to contaminate agricultural commodities before or under post-harvest conditions. They are mainly produced by fungi in the genera, Aspergillus sp. (Aspergillaceae: Eurotiales), Penicillium sp. (Trichocomaceae; Eurotiales) and Fusarium sp. (Nectriaceae: Hypocreales). When ingested, inhaled or absorbed through the skin, mycotoxins causes sickness or death in humans and animals. Natural substances that can prevent AFB1 toxicity to human and animal health with minimal cost will be a great advantage. Traditional medicinal plants are currently used for their antifungal, anti-aflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity. Aspergillus parasiticus strain NRRL 2999 was used to produce Aflatoxin, as it is one of the highly toxigenic fungus available. Inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts of plants was enhanced upon gradual increase in their concentrations. Among them, the ethanol extracts of Trachyspermum ammi (Apiaceae: Apiales) completely arrested the fungal growth and inhibited the growth significantly, even at lower concentrations (1%) in comparison with other extracts and the negative control.  Hence, the present work has been carried out to find the aflatoxin antifungal activity of the plant extracts Albizia lebbeck (Fabaceae: Fabales), Syzgium aromaticum (Myrtaceae: Myrtales) and Trachyspermum ammi (Apiaceae: Apiales) against aflatoxin contaminated poultry feed. In conclusion, the present study serves as a base and arises a futuristic need for efficient cost effective sampling and analytical methods that can be used for detection and control of mycotoxins in poultry feed.
Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Fruit Extract of Tamarindus indica on Body Weight, Lipid Profile, Some Electrolytes and Urea of Wistar Rats
Authors: Ekpe I. P. , Amaechi Dennis , Yisa B. N. , Osarhiemen O. G.
Published: January 2022

Objectives: The objectives of this research is to evaluate the effects of aqueous extract of T. indica on  weight, lipid parameters, some electrolytes and urea of Wistar rats

Design & Methods: Twenty-five Male  Adult  rats were grouped into four  consisting of six rats each. Group I served as control group, group II was administered 100mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, group III was administered 150mg/kg of the Aqueous extract, and Group IV was administered 200mg/kg of the Aqueous extract.

The administration took place for seven days, and on the eight day, The Animals were sacrificed. The blood samples was collected via cardiac puncture and used for analysis using a visible spectrophotometer.

Results: From the result, there was no significant difference (p<0.05) in body weight of Wistar rats. In the Test Groups; Serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein (HDL), Very Low-density Lipoprotein and Triglycerides revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) compared to Group 1 which is the control Group but had a significant decrease (p<0.05) compared within test groups. For electrolytes concentrations, potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Urea concentrations was significant at p<0.05.

Conclusion: the results above ,T. indica extract may help to maintain healthy weight, may have hypolipidemic properties, may help in body homeostatic and fluid balance and may also prevent renal damages.
Newer Treatment Modalities in Urticaria
Authors: Pendam Meghana , Madke Bhushan
Published: January 2022

Wheals (hives), angioedema, or both are symptoms of urticaria, a chronic clinical disorder. Urticaria has a complicated pathogenesis, as well as a large disease burden, a negative effect on health-care expenditures and quality of living. Urticaria could also be a chronic condition that affects up to 1% of the general population at some stage in their lives and can drastically impair quality life. The use of second-generation, non-sedating antihistamines has replaced antihistamines to use as the first-line therapy. However, urticaria can be difficult to manage in some cases; in these cases, alternate treatment approaches must be considered. This article reviews antihistamines, leukotriene antagonists, anti-inflammatory drugs, biologicals, subcutaneous autologous serum therapy, doxepin, cyclosporine ,tranexamic acid and other newer treatment modalities.
Novel Pyrimidinone Linked 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffolds as Anti-Microbial and Antioxidant Agents: Synthesis, In-vitro and In-silico Studies
Authors: Maddali Narendra Kumar , Viswanath I. V. Kasi , Murthy Y. L. N. , Malkhed Vasavi , Kondaparthi Vani , Brahman Pradeep Kumar , Govindh B.
Published: January 2022

The present study states the synthesis of a novel series of pyrimidinone linked 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds by click chemistry method. Further, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial studies against S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. Among the synthesized compounds, almost all compounds demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, E.coli and P. aeruginosa, as evident from the zone of inhibition resulted. In addition, synthesised compounds were screened for their antioxidant activity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. Furthermore, computational study was performed to understand the interactions between synthesised compounds with dehydrosqualene synthase of Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID: 2ZCS) and few Compound revealed the highest binding energies ΔG = -9.5, -9.8, and -10.1 Kcal/mol.
Comparison of Root End Sealing Ability of Three Retrograde Filling Materials in Teeth with Root Apices Resected at 90° using Dye Penetration Method under Fluorescent Microscope: An In-vitro Study
Authors: Chaudhari Payal , Chandak Manoj , Ramdas Arvind , Bhagat Patil
Published: January 2022

Background: Inadequate seal at the apex is the substantial cause for surgical endodontic dissatisfaction. The retrograde filling material which is used should prevent the egress of potential contaminants into periradicular tissue.

Objectives: To evaluate the ability of MTA Angelus, Zirconomer and Bioactive bone cement to seal the root end as retrograde filling material; and to compare root end sealing ability of these three different retrograde filling materials with apices resected at 900 angles using dye penetration method under fluorescent microscope.

Methodology: Thirty six extracted upper anterior teeth are to be cut horizontally at the CEJ. After following the standard protocols of, “cleaning, shaping and obturation” with gutta percha and “AH Plus sealer”, the samples will be resected 3mm at the apical end at 90 degree angle along the long axis of the tooth with the help of diamond disc. A root end cavity of depth 3mm will be made with Diamond coated ultrasonic surgical tip S12 90 ND. The teeth will be randomly categorized in 3 groups: Group 1: MTA angelus; Group 2: Zirconomer; Group 3: Bioactive Bone Cement. Following which the roots to be coated with nail varnish except the tip. Each material will be compressed in the root end cavity with the help of small pluggers. All the samples which are retrofilled will be kept in acrydine orange for a duration of 24 hours, following which cleaning & bucco-lingual sectioning(vertical) will be done. Fluorescent microscope will be used for observation of sectioned root samples.

Expected Results: Bioactive bone cement is expected to have better sealing ability of the retrograde cavity preparation with minimal or no microleakage followed by MTA Angelus and then Zirconomer.

Conclusion: If this study proves correct, this would be helpful for the clinicians to choose better and the most efficient retrograde filling material with best sealing ability and minimal microleakage in a retrograde preparation which will aid in success of the root canal treatment further resolving the infection.
Study to Find the Effect in Combined Protocol of Aquatic Therapy and Play Therapy in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder in School Going Children from 7 – 10 Years to Improve the Quality of Life
Authors: Devi R. B. Chithra , Janani M. , Sruthi B. , Lalitha V. , Hamidhunniza A. , Parameshwari V.
Published: January 2022

The Objective of the Study: The aim of this study is to see the effect of combined protocol on aquatic and play therapy for children with ADHD based on inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and anxiety.

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a severe threat to public health that affects a huge number of children and typically continues into adulthood. It is characterized by persistent lack of attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that impairs growth and performance. Children with ADHD are usually treated with a combination of pharmacological and non - pharmacological treatments, including academic, psycho-social, and behavioral aid, as well as aquatic therapy and play therapy. Aquatic therapy and play therapy, on the other hand, are ways in which the kid is provided the chance to undergo growth in the most optimum conditions. The goal of this study is to see how effective aquatic therapy and play therapy are in raising the standard of living of children aged 7 to 10 who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Methods: The design of the present study is quasi-experimental. Tools used for the study: Data were collected through Conner’s parent’s rating scale, pediatric balance scale, and hand-eye coordination scale as pre and post-test and the treatment group received aquatic therapy and play therapy for eight sessions.

Results: Conner's parent rating scale, pediatric balance scale, and hand-eye coordination test were used to compare before and after results. Conner's parent rating scale had a difference between the means of 21, a standard deviation of 4.79, and a paired-t-test value of 23.98. The pediatric balance scale's mean difference was 19, the standard deviation was 3.82, and the paired-t significance level was 27.20. The average difference in the hand-eye coordination test was 11, with a standard deviation of 1.67 and a paired-t-test score of 36.02.

Conclusion: According to the findings, using aquatic therapy and play therapy to help children with ADHD pay close attention, reduce hyperactivity, and manage impulsive behavior was beneficial. Play therapy and aquatic therapy are also good ways to have some exercise. This increased energy utilization causes them to be less impulsive and hyperactive over the rest of the day.
Does Multiparity Affect Periodontitis Associated Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes' Awareness?
Authors: Abdelrasoul Mohamed , Bahamdain Bashayer , Hasanain Raghad , Barayan Renad , Bugis Nada , Fallatah Ayat , Akhozai Bader , Alzahrani Khames T.
Published: January 2022

Background: Periodontal disease is a very common, undesirable, and neglected bacterial infection causing destruction of the connective tissue and dental bone support. During pregnancy, the oral bacteria could lead to tissue damage and mediate immune response which can impair the development and fetal growth in the placenta that it may be a risk factor for pre-term birth (before 37 weeks of gestation). The goal of this study to measure the knowledge and awareness of women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia toward the relation between periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from January 2020 until November 2021. based on a validated questionnaire developed by the authors. A convenience sample size of 966 women, aged 20-50 years, with a confidence level of 95%, and a 5% margin of error was selected. The questionnaire was divided into three main sections: demographics, knowledge and attitude.

Results: The study showed a mean score of awareness of 3.801.26 (54.35 ± 17.98%) while the mean score of attitudes was 1.60 ± 0.98 (39.91 ± 24.42%). There was no statistically significant relationship to age group, nationality, or parity, however, scores were significant to university education level.

Conclusion: Learning from previous multigravidas did not influence knowledge and awareness towards adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with PD.
Monitoring of honey bee floral resources with pollen DNA metabarcoding as a complementary tool to vegetation surveys
Authors: Milla Liz , Schmidt‐Lebuhn Alexander , Bovill Jessica , Encinas‐Viso Francisco
Published: January 2022

Monitoring biodiversity is a growing and pressing challenge, particularly as climate change threatens species with extinction and leads to widespread shifts in plant distribution and phenology. Tracking changes via ground vegetation surveys is costly and time‐consuming, hence monitoring of complex and heterogenous communities remains an ongoing challenge.

Molecular DNA methods are rapidly being developed to provide fast and reproducible results for environmental monitoring, including diet and ecosystem assessments. Here, we used DNA metabarcoding of pollen foraged by European honey bees (Apis mellifera) to investigate their floral resource use in an urban reserve. We collected three different pollen samples from hives: individual bees, raw honey and pollen traps, and identified plants using two metabarcoding markers (ITS2 and trnL). We then compared the results to a ground vegetation survey of surrounding flowering taxa.

Pollen DNA metabarcoding detected 74 taxa (48.6% identified to species) across all pollen sources, compared to 44 taxa recorded by the survey (93% identified to species). Within the metabarcoding results, we identified 25% of the genera and 9% of the species found during the survey, with three of the top 10 flowering genera represented. While honey was the most taxon‐rich pollen source (mean = 8.5, SD = 3.5), followed by honey bees (mean = 5.8, SD = 6.1) and pollen traps (mean = 4.2, SD = 1.7), combining the results of six individual bees could detect similar taxa numbers to honey, while 20 bees were required to detect as many taxa as the survey.

We demonstrate how DNA metabarcoding of the pollen foraged by honey bees can detect more flowering taxa than traditional survey methods, and how different pollen sources and genetic markers affect the level of detection of plant taxa. The foraging choices of honey bees matched few species detected by the vegetation survey, therefore pollen metabarcoding is recommended as a complementary approach to ground surveys. Rigorous validation and stringent filtering of metabarcoding results were also required to exclude potential false positives. Altogether, this molecular approach can be used to augment vegetation surveys, while tracking the floral resources used by bees.
Robust Bicontinuous Elastomer–Metal Foam Composites with Highly Tunable Stiffness
Authors: Sharifi Siavash , Mohammadi Nasab Amir , Chen Pei-En , Liao Yiliang , Jiao Yang , Shan Wanliang
Published: January 2022

Herein, a new class of robust bicontinuous elastomer–metal foam composites with highly tunable mechanical stiffness is proposed, fabricated, characterized, and demonstrated. The smart composite is a bicontinuous network of two foams, one metallic made of a low melting point alloy (LMPA) and the other elastomeric made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The stiffness of the composite can be tuned by inducing phase changes in its LMPA component. Below the melting point of the LMPA, Young's modulus of the smart composites is ≈1 GPa, whereas above the melting point of the LMPA it is ≈1 MPa. Thus, a sharp stiffness change of ≈1000× can be realized through the proposed bicontinuous foam composite structure, which is higher than all available robust smart composites. Effective medium theory is also used to predict the Young's modulus of the bicontinuous smart composites, which generates reasonable agreement with experimentally measured Young's modulus of the smart composites. Finally, the use of these smart materials as a smart joint in a robotic arm is also demonstrated.
Performance Comparison of Fast, Transparent, and Biotic Heaters Based on Leaf Skeletons
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Jääskö Katriina , Yiannacou Kyriacos , Koivikko Anastasia , Lampinen Vilma , Sariola Veikko
Published: January 2022

Bioinspired, highly flexible, fast, and biodegradable heaters are fabricated based on Ag nanowires and leaf skeletons of different plant species. The leaf skeletons act as transparent substrates with a high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratio and allow a uniform dispersion of the Ag nanowires through the surface. Ag nanowires adhered to the leaf skeletons display very good transmittance (up to ≈87%) and mechanical (flexibility) properties (curvature values >800 m−1) without any post‐treatment. The flexible leaf skeleton‐based heaters reach high temperatures very quickly, with very low voltages (<4 V). The performance of the bioinspired heater surface is dependent on the types of fractal structures at the microscale. The morphology of the leaf skeletons is studied in detail and is corelated with the transmittance, flexibility, and sheet resistances. Bioinspired heater surfaces based on different leaf skeletons are compared based on their multiscale morphology, and the different heating performance parameters are screened. Based on the study conducted, insights on the best‐performing biotic design for the fabrication of the heaters that are useful in practical wearable, medical, or industrial heating applications are provided.
Enhanced Interfacial Solar Evaporation through Formation of Micro‐Meniscuses and Microdroplets to Reduce Evaporation Enthalpy
Authors: Yu Zhen , Gu Ruonan , Tian Yue , Xie Pengfei , Jin Beichen , Cheng Shaoan
Published: January 2022

Interfacial solar water evaporation, a promising way to address water shortages and water pollution, has attracted increasing attention. However, low evaporation rates limit its practical applications. Reducing evaporation enthalpy is one of the most efficient ways to improve the evaporation rate. In this study, micro‐meniscuses and microdroplets (MMDs) are found and observed on the surface of the polypyrrole nanoarrays on hydrophilic carbon cloth. The MMDs can reduce the evaporation enthalpy of the system, thus resulting in a high evaporation rate of 2.16 kg m−2 h−1 in pure water under 1 sun. Dynamic calculations imply that the evaporation rate of MMDs is approximately at least 1.7 times and 1.8 times that of a flat liquid film, respectively. Under 1 sun, the evaporators with MMDs enable stable evaporation in continuous 72 h in 10.0 wt% NaCl solution, simulated seawater, and actual wastewater, with an evaporation rate of 1.86, 1.99, and 1.82 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. As far as it is known, these evaporation rates are the highest reported values for the 2D interfacial solar evaporator in high‐salinity brine or wastewater. It is believed that this work provided a novel pathway for designing an evaporator with low evaporation enthalpy and high evaporation performance.
Recent Advances in Organic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Materials for Piezoelectric Mechanical Energy Harvesting
Authors: Vijayakanth Thangavel , Liptrot David J. , Gazit Ehud , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy , Bowen Chris R.
Published: January 2022

This article provides a comprehensive overview of piezo‐ and ferro‐electric materials based on organic molecules and organic–inorganic hybrids for mechanical energy harvesting. Molecular (organic and organic–inorganic hybrid) piezo‐ and ferroelectric materials exhibit significant advantages over traditional materials due to their simple solution‐phase synthesis, light‐weight nature, thermal stability, mechanical flexibility, high Curie temperature, and attractive piezo‐ and ferroelectric properties. However, the design and understanding of piezo‐ and ferroelectricity in organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials for piezoelectric energy harvesting applications is less well developed. This review describes the fundamental characterization of piezo‐ and ferroelectricity for a range of recently reported organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials. The limits of traditional piezoelectric harvesting materials are outlined, followed by an overview of the piezo‐ and ferroelectric properties of organic and organic–inorganic hybrid materials, and their composites, for mechanical energy harvesting. An extensive description of peptide‐based and other biomolecular piezo‐ and ferroelectric materials as a biofriendly alternative to current materials is also provided. Finally, current limitations and future perspectives in this emerging area of research are highlighted. This perspective aims to guide chemists, materials scientists, and engineers in the design of practically useful organic and organic–inorganic hybrid piezo‐ and ferroelectric materials and composites for mechanical energy harvesting.
Significant Increase of Electron Thermal Conductivity in Dirac Semimetal Beryllonitrene by Doping Beyond Van Hove Singularity
Authors: Tong Zhen , Pecchia Alessandro , Yam ChiYung , Bao Hua , Dumitrică Traian , Frauenheim Thomas
Published: January 2022

2D beryllium polynitrides or beryllonitrene is a newly synthesized layered material displaying anisotropic Dirac cones and van Hove singularity (VHS) located only ≈0.5 eV above the Fermi level. Using the Boltzmann transport equation with many‐body effects and first‐principles calculations, it is uncovered that beryllonitrene has an in‐plane anisotropic room‐temperature phonon thermal conductivity (κph) of 78.6 and 98.8 W mK−1, and an electron thermal conductivity (κe) of 23.0 and 60.7 W mK−1, along the in‐plane directions. κph is dominated by the large heat capacity flexural acoustic (ZA) modes, which are susceptible to three‐phonon and four‐phonon scatterings but rather immune to scattering onto electrons. Filling the Dirac cones till VHS and above gradually enhances the phonon–electron coupling and monotonically decreases κph by up to 55%. Instead, κe displays unusual nonmonotonic variations with the increase in the carrier density and follows the electron density of states at corresponding Fermi levels. The results shed light on the thermal and electrical transport properties in beryllonitrene and reveal a thermal conductivity modulation mechanism that includes a 60% increase of κe upon filling of the Dirac cones until VHS.
Tuning the Interaction between Ruthenium Single Atoms and the Second Coordination Sphere for Efficient Nitrogen Photofixation
Authors: Zhang Yida , Wang Qingyu , Yang Shaokang , Wang Hengwei , Rao Dewei , Chen Tao , Wang Gongming , Lu Junling , Zhu Junfa , Wei Shiqiang , Zheng Xusheng , Zeng Jie
Published: January 2022

Orienting the migration of photogenerated electrons to the target active single atoms instead of dissipation at inert sites is crucial to improve the photocatalytic activity of single‐atom catalysts, but remains a challenge. Herein, it is demonstrated that the strong interaction between Ru single atoms and the second coordination sphere significantly enriches photogenerated electrons at Ru active sites and boosted N2 photofixation activity. The extra RuCo coordination from the strong interaction with the second coordination sphere is observed over CoO‐supported Ru single atoms (RuO+Co/CoO) relative to the weakly interacting ones (RuO/CoO). For N2 photofixation, RuO+Co/CoO exhibits an ammonia production rate of 306 µmol gcat.−1 h−1 without any sacrificial agents at room temperature, which is 4.6 times that of RuO/CoO. Mechanistic studies reveal that RuCo coordination in RuO+Co/CoO serves as an additional photoelectron transfer channel. Such channel promotes the accumulation of photoelectrons that excite from O to Co atoms on Ru active sites, facilitating the photoreduction of N2 into NH3 process. The concept of the second coordination sphere modulation offers a powerful platform toward rational design of highly efficient single‐atom catalysts for N2 fixation and beyond.
Breathing Dissipative Soliton Molecule Switching in a Bidirectional Mode‐Locked Fiber Laser
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ren Yu-Xuan , Shi Jiawei , Wong Kenneth K. Y.
Published: January 2022

Breathing optical solitons propagating in a dissipative nonlinear system can interact and bind stably, forming an optical soliton molecule that presents striking molecule‐like dynamics. To date, the breathing soliton pair has been mainly observed in the microcavity platform, and the peculiar dynamic evolution of breathing soliton molecules (BSMs) remains largely unexplored in mode‐locked fiber lasers. Herein, the transient switching dynamics of BSMs in a bidirectional ultrafast fiber laser is revealed, specifically triggered at different parameter spaces of saturable absorption with manipulation polarizations that maintain constant pulse separation or undergo strong repulsion and kink after switching. All‐optical switching of breather molecules and significantly increasing multiple soliton molecules’ switching of two or three solitons between states with different binding separations by applying a strong stimulus with periodic pump modulation is demonstrated. The instantaneous pulse breakup can be induced by the collision of bidirectional breathing solitons in each switching, which is characteristic of the breathing solitons in a bidirectional fiber laser and further corroborated by numerical simulation. The study unveils new perspectives into the ultrafast transient process of BSMs in various dissipative systems.
Solvent Dependency in Stereoselective δ‐Lactam Formation of Chiral α‐Fluoromalonate Derivatives: Stereodivergent Synthesis of Heterocycles with Fluorine Containing Stereocenters Adjacent to Tertiary Stereocenters
Authors: Zhang Kaiheng , Sheng Xiang , Deiana Luca , Svensson Grape Erik , Ken Inge A. , Himo Fahmi , Córdova Armando
Published: January 2022

The discovery and investigation of solvent dependency in stereoselective intramolecular amidation of chiral 5‐aminofunctionalized‐2‐fluoromalonate ester derivatives, which gives access to highly functionalized δ‐lactams with a quaternary fluorine‐containing stereocenter, is disclosed. Experimental work together with density functional theory calculations led to understanding of how to direct and switch the stereochemical outcome of the stereoselective δ‐lactam formation. The merging of this solvent‐dependent stereoselective switch with asymmetric catalysis and cascade reactions gives access to an unprecedented strategy for stereodivergent synthesis of all possible stereoisomers of fluorine‐containing stereocenters adjacent to tertiary stereocenters of a wide range of heterocyclic compounds with 95‐>99% ee in one‐pot. It is also useful for application in total synthesis of fluorine‐containing pharmaceuticals.

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Endothelial Retargeting of AAV9 In Vivo
Authors: Bozoglu Tarik , Lee Seungmin , Ziegler Tilman , Jurisch Victoria , Maas Sanne , Baehr Andrea , Hinkel Rabea , Hoenig Amelie , Hariharan Anjana , Kim Christina Inyeop , Decker Simon , Sami Haider , Koppara Tobias , Oellinger Ruppert , Müller Oliver J. , Frank Derk , Megens Remco , Nelson Peter , Weber Christian , Schnieke Angelika , Sperandio Markus , Santamaria Gianluca , Rad Roland , Moretti Alessandra , Laugwitz Karl‐Ludwig , Soehnlein Oliver , Ogris Manfred , Kupatt Christian
Published: January 2022

Adeno‐associated viruses (AAVs) are frequently used for gene transfer and gene editing in vivo, except for endothelial cells, which are remarkably resistant to unmodified AAV‐transduction. AAVs are retargeted here toward endothelial cells by coating with second‐generation polyamidoamine dendrimers (G2) linked to endothelial‐affine peptides (CNN). G2CNN AAV9‐Cre (encoding Cre recombinase) are injected into mTmG‐mice or mTmG‐pigs, cell‐specifically converting red to green fluorescence upon Cre‐activity. Three endothelial‐specific functions are assessed: in vivo quantification of adherent leukocytes after systemic injection of ‐ G2CNN AAV9 encoding 1) an artificial adhesion molecule (S1FG) in wildtype mice (day 10) or 2) anti‐inflammatory Annexin A1 (Anxa1) in ApoE−/− mice (day 28). Moreover, 3) in Cas9‐transgenic mice, blood pressure is monitored till day 56 after systemic application of G2CNN AAV9‐gRNAs, targeting exons 6–10 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), a vasodilatory enzyme. G2CNN AAV9‐Cre transduces microvascular endothelial cells in mTmG‐mice or mTmG‐pigs. Functionally, G2CNN AAV9‐S1FG mediates S1FG‐leukocyte adhesion, whereas G2CNN AAV9‐Anxa1‐application reduces long‐term leukocyte recruitment. Moreover, blood pressure increases in Cas9‐expressing mice subjected to G2CNN AAV9‐gRNAeNOS. Therefore, G2CNN AAV9 may enable gene transfer in vascular and atherosclerosis models.
Correlating Electronic Structure and Device Physics with Mixing Region Morphology in High‐Efficiency Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Leng Shifeng , Hao Tianyu , Zhou Guanqing , Zhu Lei , Zhong Wenkai , Yang Yankang , Zhang Ming , Xu Jinqiu , Zhan Junzhe , Zhou Zichun , Chen Jiajun , Lu Shirong , Tang Zheng , Shi Zhiwen , Zhu Haiming , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng
Published: January 2022

The donor/acceptor interaction in non‐fullerene organic photovoltaics leads to the mixing domain that dictates the morphology and electronic structure of the blended thin film. Initiative effort is paid to understand how these domain properties affect the device performances on high‐efficiency PM6:Y6 blends. Different fullerenes acceptors are used to manipulate the feature of mixing domain. It is seen that a tight packing in the mixing region is critical, which could effectively enhance the hole transfer and lead to the enlarged and narrow electron density of state (DOS). As a result, short‐circuit current (JSC) and fill factor (FF) are improved. The distribution of DOS and energy levels strongly influences open‐circuit voltage (VOC). The raised filling state of electron Fermi level is seen to be key in determining deviceVOC. Energy disorder is found to be a key factor to energy loss, which is highly correlated with the intermolecular distance in the mixing region. A 17.53% efficiency is obtained for optimized ternary devices, which is the highest value for similar systems. The current results indicate that a delicate optimization of the mixing domain property is an effective route to improve theVOC,JSC, and FF simultaneously, which provides new guidelines for morphology control toward high‐performance organic solar cells.
Deep Eutectic Solvents as Nonflammable Electrolytes for Durable Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: De Sloovere Dries , Vanpoucke Danny E. P. , Paulus Andreas , Joos Bjorn , Calvi Lavinia , Vranken Thomas , Reekmans Gunter , Adriaensens Peter , Eshraghi Nicolas , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Boschini Frédéric , Safari Mohammadhosein , Van Bael Marlies K. , Hardy An
Published: January 2022

Sodium‐ion batteries are alternatives for lithium‐ion batteries in applications where cost‐effectiveness is of primary concern, such as stationary energy storage. The stability of sodium‐ion batteries is limited by the current generation of electrolytes, particularly at higher temperatures. Therefore, the search for an electrolyte which is stable at these temperatures is of utmost importance. Here, such electrolytes are introduced in the form of nonflammable deep eutectic solvents (DESs), consisting of sodium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (NaTFSI) dissolved in N‐methyl acetamide (NMA). Increasing the NaTFSI concentration replaces NMA—NMA hydrogen bonds with strong ionic interactions between NMA, Na+, and TFSI−. These interactions lower NMA's highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level compared with that of TFSI−, leading to an increased anodic stability (up to ≈4.65 V versus Na+/Na). (Na3V2(PO4)2F3/carbon nanotube [CNT])/(Na2+x
Ti4O9/C) full cells show 97.0% capacity retention after 250 cycles at 0.2 C and 55 °C. This is considerably higher than for (Na3V2(PO4)2F3/CNT)/(Na2+x
Ti4O9/C) full cells containing a conventional electrolyte. According to the electrochemical impedance analysis, the improved electrochemical stability is linked to the formation of more robust surface films at the electrode/electrolyte interface. The improved durability and safety highlight that DESs can be viable electrolyte alternatives for sodium‐ion batteries.
Clinical and molecular characterization of five new individuals with WAC‐related intellectual disability: Evidence of pathogenicity for a novel splicing variant
Authors: Morales Jose Andres , Valenzuela Irene , Cuscó Ivon , Cogné Benjamin , Isidor Bertrand , Matalon Dena R. , Gomez‐Ospina Natalia
Published: January 2022

WAC‐related intellectual disability (ID) is a rare genetic condition characterized by a spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders of varying severity, including global developmental delay (GDD), ID, and autism spectrum disorder. Here, we describe five affected individuals, age range 9–20 years, and provide proof of pathogenicity of a novel splicing variant. All individuals presented with GDD, some degree of ID, and variable dysmorphism. Except for feeding difficulties, all patients were healthy without major congenital malformations or medical comorbidities. All individuals were heterozygous for de novo, previously unreported, loss of function variants in WAC. Three unrelated patients from different ethnic backgrounds shared the intronic variant c.381+4_381+7delAGTA, which was predicted to alter splicing and was initially classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction analysis from one patient's cells confirmed aberrant splicing of the WAC transcript resulting in premature termination and a truncated protein p.(Gly92Alafs*2). These functional studies and the identification of several nonrelated individuals provide sufficient evidence to classify this variant as pathogenic. The clinical description of these five individuals and the three novel variants expand the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of this ultrarare disease.
Mechanochemical synthesis of half‐sandwich iridium/rhodium complexes with 8‐hydroxyquinoline derivatives ligands
Authors: Jia Wei‐Guo , Li Xiao‐Dong , Zhi Xue‐Ting , Zhong Rui
Published: January 2022

Mechanochemistry provides a rapid, efficient route to half‐sandwich iridium and rhodium complexes from [MCp*(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 (M = Ir, Rh) and 8‐hydroxyquinoline‐2‐carbaldehyde without the need for Schlenk manipulation, inert gas protection, or dry solvents. Furthermore, post‐synthetic modification of the half‐sandwich metal complexes has been carried out via a mechanochemical Wittig reaction between half‐sandwich metal complex and phosphorus ylide. All complexes were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectra, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction method. The half‐sandwich rhodium complexes exhibited high catalytic activity towards the amide synthesis between aldehyde and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) with a broad functional group tolerance.
Recovery of Ti from titanium white waste acid with N1923 extraction and leaching of low‐grade pyrolusite using raffinate
Authors: Ju Jinrong , Feng Yali , Li Haoran
Published: January 2022

Titanium dioxide industry produces a large amount of titanium white waste acid every year. In this work, to make full use of and recover valuable components in titanium white waste acid, a processing for recovery of Ti from titanium white waste acid with N1923 extraction and leaching of low‐grade pyrolusite using raffinate was proposed. After a two‐stage countercurrent extraction, 99.93% Ti was extracted, while 6.51% Fe, .11% Mg, .06% Mn, and .08% Al were co‐extracted under N1923 concentration of 25% and phase ratio (O/A) of 2/1. The scrubbing efficiency of iron reached 98.53%, while the loss efficiency of titanium was only .94% with 1.5 mol/L sulfuric acid solution under the phase ratio of 1/1. Then, the Ti‐loaded organic phase could be effectively stripped by .8 mol/L ammonia water; the single‐stage stripping efficiency of titanium was 99.23%. Subsequently, the raffinate could be used for the extraction of manganese from low‐grade pyrolusite. The leaching efficiency of manganese was 99.39% at the S/L ratio of 48.00 g/L, leaching temperature of 50°C, and leaching time of 40 min. In addition, thermodynamic calculations revealed that the titanium extraction process by N1923 from titanium white waste acid was an exothermic reaction. The proposed approach is suitable for co‐recovery of titanium from titanium white waste acid and manganese from low‐grade pyrolusite.
Analysis of a multifaceted interactive pedagogy program in an upper limb anatomy course: A time series study
Authors: Bellier Alexandre , Kaladzé Noémie , Rabattu Pierre‐Yves , Chaffanjon Philippe C. , Cavalié Guillaume
Published: January 2022

Many new methods have contributed to the learning of anatomy, including several interactive methods, increasing the effectiveness of educational programs. The effectiveness of an educational program involving several interactive learning methods such as problem‐based learning and reciprocal peer teaching was researched in this study. A quasi‐experimental before–after study on three consecutive groups of second‐year students at the Grenoble School of Medicine was conducted. The lectures were replaced by an educational program based on the problem‐based learning method and reciprocal peer teaching. The first session was dedicated to reading clinical cases illustrating the medical concept, so that the learning objectives for the second session could be set. Then, after viewing digital courses, the second session was dedicated to a synthetic presentation by the students themselves, followed by an interactive summary with the teacher. The analysis of 630 students showed a significant increase in the theory test results for those who took part in the intervention: 9.71 versus 9.19 (β = 0.57, P = 0.036). Moreover, satisfaction was high after the intervention (mean = 4.5/5), and when comparing the two pedagogical approaches the students showed a clear preference for the program implemented with the concepts highlighted such as interactivity, in‐depth work, group work, and autonomy. A multifaceted interactive pedagogy program could have a significant impact on the results of the theoretical concepts presented and on satisfaction as well as increased investment by students in learning anatomy.
Trajectory control and vibration suppression of rigid‐flexible parallel robot based on singular perturbation method
Authors: Zheng Kunming , Zhang Qiuju , Zeng Shuisheng
Published: January 2022

To accurately, stably, and efficiently control the complex rigid‐flexible coupled robot, this paper takes Delta robot as the study object and decomposes it into slow subsystem and fast subsystem in different timescales by using singular perturbation principle, which the slow subsystem representing the rigid motion and the fast subsystem representing flexible vibration. In addition, the backstepping control system is designed for the slow subsystem, and the dynamic surface control system based on K‐observer is designed for the fast subsystem, and the overall control scheme is proposed by combining the backstepping control system and the dynamic surface control system, and the stability of the proposed overall control scheme is proven. Finally, the proposed control scheme is compared with proportional derivative control and trajectory control with workspace lattices, and the related experimental results are analyzed in details.
Bendable Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Energy Storage Device Using Poly(4,4’‐thiodianiline)‐Modified Nanoporous Carbon Cathode
Authors: Xin Tuo , Xu Qiuju , Yuan Xiangcheng , Zhang Qi , Liu Meinan , Liu Jinzhang
Published: January 2022

The Zn2+ based battery systems have attracted considerable interest because of the bivalent ions as charge carriers and merits of Zn anode. Herein, we demonstrate a Zn‐ion hybrid energy storage device consisting of a Zn anode and a cathode made of poly(4,4’‐thiodianiline)‐coated activated carbon (AC). This redox‐active polymer that is electrodeposited onto nanoporous AC granules has the function of boosting the energy storage capacity, reaching 181.3 mAh g−1. The Zn‐ion cell exhibits good cycling stability, as the capacity retention is 83 % after 5000 cycles. Aqueous electrolytes using different zinc salts are prepared and their influences on the formation of byproducts and cycling stability of the cell are investigated. The charge/discharge mechanism of the polymer cathode is discussed in detail. Moreover, for practical applications, bending tests are performed on the flexible Zn‐ion cell, and it remains stable capacity when being repeatedly bent.
Upgrading the Performance and Stability of Lithium, Manganese‐Rich Layered Oxide Cathodes with Combined‐Formic Acid and Spinel Coating Treatment
Authors: Vanaphuti Panawan , Azhari Luqman , Ma Xiaotu , Liu Yangtao , Hou Jiahui , Tompsett Geoffrey A. , Yang Zhenzhen , Wang Yan
Published: January 2022

Improving sluggish rate performance and cycling stability of Li, Mn‐rich cathode materials (LMR) is of great importance for practical implementation. Here, dual surface modification on LMR particles with formic acid washing and spinel coating improves the electrochemical performance. Dilute formic acid can remove the Li2CO3 surface impurities and selectively reduce Ni while significantly increasing specific surface area by ∼32 %, unlocking more electrochemically active surfaces. Spinel coating enhances cycle stability by suppressing detrimental side reactions at electrode‐electrolyte interfaces at high voltage. Post‐annealing temperature was found to significantly affect the cathode performance. Higher temperature favors diffusion of transition metal (TM)/Li ions of the spinel coating from surface to the bulk, removing the coating by possible reconstruction into the layered structure and thus degrading the performance. The spinel coating also appears to increase Co3+ segregation on the particle surface. Compared to the original material, the optimized sample demonstrates 47 % higher capacity retention at 3C and retains 89 % of initial capacity after 150 cycles at 0.5C. Besides, the specific energy density of 523 Wh kg−1 can be attained after 150 cycles at 0.5C. Moreover, the post‐cycling analysis of modified sample verifies a better structural integrity with less particle cracking. Altogether, this study portrays an alternative strategy to overcome the shortcomings of LMR cathode materials.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of magnesium ions in water, ampoule, and suspension samples using a fluorescent azothiazol‐benzenesulfonamide derivative
Authors: Badr Zaki , Abdel‐Lateef Mohamed A. , Gomaa Hassanien , Abdelmottaleb Mohamed , Taher Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

In this study, a fluorescence azothiazol‐benzenesulfonamide derivative (M‐sensor) was prepared for the determination of Mg2+ ions in different samples. The utilized M‐sensor exhibited an emission fluorescence activity at 587 nm upon excitation at 537 nm. The developed method was based on the quenching effect of Mg2+ ions on the fluorescence intensity of the M‐sensor with the above‐mentioned fluorescence features. Furthermore, the utilized M‐sensor was complexed with Mg2+ ions in the molar ratio of 1:1 (Mg2+ to M‐sensor) and the selectivity of M‐sensor toward Mg2+ against other metals ions, and the reversibility and reusability of the sensor were studied and verified. After optimization of the fluorometric detection, the quenching effect was directly proportional to the increase in the concentration of Mg2+ in the linear range 100–600 ng ml−1 with a limit of detection value of 18 ng ml−1. The fluorescence sensor was successfully applied with good recovery for the determination of Mg2+ in water samples and different pharmaceutical samples (ampoules and suspension) without any interference from aluminium.
Penetration of C60 into lung surfactant membranes: Molecular dynamics simulation studies
Authors: Hyun Jiyeon , Chang Rakwoo
Published: January 2022

We performed molecular dynamics simulations of the systems consisting of C60 molecules and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayer membranes to study the penetration of C60 into lung surfactant (LS) membranes. The potential of mean force of the C60 penetration through the LS membrane was calculated as a function of the distance of a C60 molecule from the DPPC monolayer membrane. The free energy minimum of around 43 kcal/mol is located in the DPPC tail region, indicating that the C60 molecules can accumulate in the LS membrane region. The energy decomposition shows the main driving force of the C60 accumulation in the lipid tail region is the van der Waals interaction with the hydrocarbon tails of DPPC lipids. Finally, we observed that the water evaporation rate can be significantly enhanced by the accumulation of C60 molecules in the membrane tail region.
Enhancing entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: Relationships among green innovative capability, green relational capability, and co‐innovation behavior
Authors: Chang Ching‐Hsun , Shih Meng‐Yi , Peng Hsin‐Ju
Published: January 2022

This empirical study tests hypotheses using a questionnaire survey to explore the positive effect of green innovative capability and green relational capability on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition through the mediator, co‐innovation behavior, in Taiwanese manufacturing companies. Co‐innovation behavior functioned as a partial mediator. A total of 169 valid questionnaires were retrieved. Overall, the sample size of the green project duration of fewer than 3 years was 92 and that of the green project duration of 3 years or more group was 77. Companies implementing green projects for more than 3 years obtained considerable improvements in their green innovative capability, green relational capability, co‐innovation behavior, and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. The findings indicate that Taiwanese manufacturing companies should cultivate their green innovative and green relational capabilities, which can enhance entrepreneurial opportunity recognition through mediation by co‐innovation behavior.
NLRB categorizes student‐athletes as employees
Authors: Caldwell Trevor R.
Published: January 2022

The National Labor Relations Board's determination that student‐athletes are employees may result in significant changes in college athletics departments nationwide.