bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical characterization of evaluation strategies for fringe projection systems by means of a model-based noise prediction
Authors: Fischer Marc , Petz Marcus , Tutsch Rainer
Published: April 2017

Abstract. For optical 3-D measurement systems, camera noise is the dominant uncertainty factor when optically cooperative surfaces are measured in a stable and controlled environment. In industrial applications repeated measurements are seldom executed for this kind of measurement system. This leads to statistically suboptimal results in subsequent evaluation steps as the important information about the quality of individual measurement points is lost. In this work it will be shown that this information can be recovered for phase measuring optical systems with a model-based noise prediction. The capability of this approach will be demonstrated exemplarily for a fringe projection system and it will be shown that this method is indeed able to generate an individual estimate for the spatial stochastic deviations resulting from image sensor noise for each measurement point. This provides a valuable tool for a statistical characterization and comparison of different evaluation strategies, which is demonstrated exemplarily for two different triangulation procedures.
Permafrost distribution modelling in the semi-arid Chilean Andes
Authors: Azócar Guillermo F. , Brenning Alexander , Bodin Xavier
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Mountain permafrost and rock glaciers in the dry Andes are of growing interest due to the increase in mining industry and infrastructure development in this remote area. Empirical models of mountain permafrost distribution based on rock glacier activity status and temperature data have been established as a tool for regional-scale assessments of its distribution; this kind of model approach has never been applied for a large portion of the Andes. In the present study, this methodology is applied to map permafrost favourability throughout the semi-arid Andes of central Chile (29–32° S), excluding areas of exposed bedrock. After spatially modelling of the mean annual air temperature distribution from scarce temperature records (116 station years) using a linear mixed-effects model, a generalized additive model was built to model the activity status of 3524 rock glaciers. A permafrost favourability index (PFI) was obtained by adjusting model predictions for conceptual differences between permafrost and rock glacier distribution. The results indicate that the model has an acceptable performance (median AUROC: 0.76). Conditions highly favourable to permafrost presence (PFI  ≥  0.75) are predicted for 1051 km2 of mountain terrain, or 2.7 % of the total area of the watersheds studied. Favourable conditions are expected to occur in 2636 km2, or 6.8 % of the area. Substantial portions of the Elqui and Huasco watersheds are considered to be favourable for permafrost presence (11.8 % each), while in the Limarí and Choapa watersheds permafrost is expected to be mostly limited to specific sub-watersheds. In the future, local ground-truth observations will be required to confirm permafrost presence in favourable areas and to monitor permafrost evolution under the influence of climate change.
Antarctic high-resolution ice flow mapping and increased mass loss in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica during 2006–2015
Authors: Shen Qiang , Wang Hansheng , Shum Che-Kwan , Jiang Liming , Hsu Hou Tse , Dong Jinglong
Published: April 2017

Abstract. Substantial accelerated mass loss, extensive dynamic thinning on the periphery, and grounding line retreat in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, have amplified the long-standing concerns on the instability of the Antarctic ice sheet. However, the evolution of the ice sheet and the underlying causes of the changes remain poorly understood due in part to incomplete observations. Here, we constructed the ice flow maps for the years 2014 and 2015 at high resolution (100 m), inferred from Landsat 8 images using feature tracking method. These maps were assembled from 10,690 scenes of displacement vectors inferred from more than 10,000 optical images acquired from December 2013 to March 2016. We also estimated the mass discharges of the Antarctic ice sheet in 2006, 2014, and 2015 using the high-resolution ice flow maps, InSAR-derived ice flow map, and the ice thickness data. An increased mass discharge (40 ± 24 Gt yr−1) from East Indian Ocean sector was found in the last decade, attributed to unexpected widespread accelerating glaciers in Wilkes Land, East Antarctica, while the other five oceanic sectors did not show any significant changes, contrary to the long-standing belief that present-day accelerated mass loss primarily originates from West Antarctica and Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, we compared the ice sheet mass discharge with the new surface mass balance (SMB) data to estimate the Antarctic mass balance. The most significant change of mass balance also occurred in East Indian Ocean during the last decade, reaching −40 ± 50 Gt yr−1, the large uncertainty is caused mainly by error in the SMB data. The newly discovered significant accelerated mass loss and speedup of ice shelves in Wilkes Land suggest the potential risk of abrupt and irreversible destabilization, where the marine ice sheets on an inland-sloping bedrock, are adversely impacted by increasingly warmer temperature and warm ocean current intrusion, all of which may pose an unexpected threat of increased sea level rise.
Transient LES of an offshore wind turbine
Authors: Vollmer Lukas , Steinfeld Gerald , Kühn Martin
Published: April 2017

Abstract. The estimation of the cost of energy of offshore wind farms has a high uncertainty, which is partly due to the lacking accuracy of information on wind conditions and wake losses inside of the farm. Wake models that aim on reducing the uncertainty by modeling the wake interaction of turbines for various wind conditions need to be validated with measurement data before they can be considered as a reliable estimator. A methodology is shown to create realistic transient wind conditions in a Large-Eddy-Simulation of a marine boundary layer interacting with an offshore wind turbine for a direct comparison of modeled with measured flow data. A mesoscale simulation is used for determining the boundary conditions of the model. The simulations of the ambient wind conditions and the wake simulation generally show a good agreement with measurements from a met mast and lidar measurements, respectively. Advanced metrics to describe the wake shape and development are derived from simulations and measurements but a quantitative comparison is difficult due to the scarcity and the low sampling rate of the available measurement data. The methodology presents a possibility to compare flow measurements with simulations. Due to the implementation of changing wind conditions in the LES it could be also beneficial for case studies of wind turbine and wind farm control.
Análisis de contenido de las encuestas de periódicos locales sorianos
Authors: Morena de Diago Beatriz
Published: April 2017

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre las encuestas de los periódicos locales de la provincia de Soria (España): “El Avisador Numantino”, “La Voz de Soria” y “El Porvenir Castellano”. Intentamos dar respuesta a cuestiones particulares, como el estudio de las necesidades que en materia de infraestructuras y comunicaciones se propusieron en el período 1912-1934. Las respuestas analizadas se agruparon en distintas categorías temáticas, muchas de ellas destacaban el necesario desarrollo en la provincia de Soria.
Nuevas dimensiones de Internet ¿Fuente de información o propaganda? La guerra en red y el periodismo
Authors: Nicoleta Mirea Emilia
Published: April 2017

Los desafíos mediáticos que la aparición de las nuevas tecnologías de la información, y con ellos un papel muy importante juega internet, se notan cada día más entre los periodistas y los investigadores en el ámbito de la comunicación y documentación. Desde este punto de vista, los eventos históricos que han ocurrido en las últimas décadas han sido testigos de estos avances tecnológicos que comprometen la profesión periodística que se desarrolle bajo las normas éticas y deontológicas previstas. Este trabajo está enfocado en presentar la evolución de la guerra en la red desde comienzos de la invasión de Iraq, que ha sido el punto de partida del impacto de internet; con este conflicto, se ha empezado a hablar de la primera guerra en internet. Se ejemplifica el uso de internet durante esta guerra tanto para el beneficio del periodista como desde la perspectiva del ciudadano en búsqueda de nuevas interpretaciones a través de los weblogs u otras páginas tanto de instituciones oficiales como de los partidarios u oponentes de la guerra. En la segunda parte, se analiza la evolución del terrorismo islamista y el impacto que internet ha tenido globalmente, llegando a ser una ventaja para el dominio que grupos radicales como el Estado Islámico han empezado a tener. En este contexto, se destaca el rol esencial que un periodista tiene a la hora de distinguir entre la información conveniente para la audiencia o propaganda a favor de los contendientes.
“The perfect guide in a crowded musical landscape:” Online music platforms and curatorship
Authors: Barna Emilia
Published: April 2017

Curatorship or curation has become a widely used term in music industry and popular music discourse recently, used not only in a museum or exhibition context, but also in connection with music festivals, and increasingly, playlists and other functions related to online music platforms. Through a case study of 22tracks, an online, playlist-based music discovery service currently based in four European cities, I look at the role and position of the music curator, and provide a critical analysis of the dominant discourses around music curation. I place the discourse of music curation into a context of dominant narratives accompanying music as well as digital and online technology, including that of the “long tail” and the “tyranny of choice.” I then proceed to explore the relationship of curation to place, scenes and genres, and conceptualise curatorship as an increasingly professionalised tastemaking and promoting function.
Political relevance in the eye of the beholder: Determining the substantiveness of TV shows and political debates with Twitter data
Authors: Boukes Mark , Trilling Damian
Published: April 2017

Addressing the call to move beyond a simple genre classification of TV shows as either substantive (hard) news or non-substantive (soft) infotainment, we propose using social media reactions to determine a program’s political relevance. Such an approach provides information that goes beyond genre or content characteristics and reflects what really reaches an audience. Analyzing tweets about two Dutch talk shows and four U.S. primary debates, we show that audience responses to television programs differ considerably regarding their political relevance. Thereby, we demonstrate how examining online audience reactions can be employed as a sophisticated and valid way to assess the political relevance of TV programs.
The rise of reading analytics and the emerging calculus of reader privacy in the digital world
Authors: Lynch Clifford
Published: April 2017

This paper studies emerging technologies for tracking reading behaviors (“reading analytics”) and their implications for reader privacy, attempting to place them in a historical context. It discusses what data is being collected, to whom it is available, and how it might be used by various interested parties (including authors). I explore means of tracking what’s being read, who is doing the reading, and how readers discover what they read. The paper includes two case studies: mass-market e-books (both directly acquired by readers and mediated by libraries) and scholarly journals (usually mediated by academic libraries); in the latter case I also provide examples of the implications of various authentication, authorization and access management practices on reader privacy. While legal issues are touched upon, the focus is generally pragmatic, emphasizing technology and marketplace practices. The article illustrates the way reader privacy concerns are shifting from government to commercial surveillance, and the interactions between government and the private sector in this area. The paper emphasizes U.S.-based developments.
The special taste of snack news: An application of niche theory to understand the appeal of Facebook as a news source
Authors: Schäfer Svenja , Sülflow Michael , Müller Philipp
Published: April 2017

Facebook has become an important source for political information since news posts are an essential part of the content that is shared and spread within the SNS. The present study applies the uses and gratifications approach and the theory of the niche to understand the specific appeal of Facebook as a source for political news. We compare the gratifications obtained from political Facebook news with those of political television news and newspapers. For this purpose, we conducted an online survey of Internet users (N=422). Results show that users hardly ever visit Facebook with the primary intention to find political information. Interestingly however, they estimate that about a quarter of the posts they receive contains political information. The most important dimension of gratifications obtained from political Facebook news content are “entertainment” and “killing time”. In these dimensions, Facebook is superior to political television news and newspapers. For “balanced information”, “surveillance”, and “social utility”, the two traditional sources outperform Facebook. Analyses of niche breadth and overlap demonstrate that Facebook has a comparatively narrow niche and a low overlap with the two traditional news outlets. This means that political news content on Facebook serves a very specific function which is complementary to other sources. Users mainly turn to political news posts on Facebook for reasons related to distraction. However, their value can be seen in the fact that users might this way get in touch with political news that they otherwise might not have been exposed to at all.
Finite integral formulas involving aleph function
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Saxena Ram Kishore , Ram Jeta
Published: April 2017

In the present work we derive various integral formulas involving ℵ-function multiplied with algebraic functions and special functions.
Existence of entropy solutions for nonlinear elliptic equations in Musielak framework with L1 data
Authors: Mohamed Saad Bouh Elemine Vall , Ahmed A. , Touzani A. , Benkirane A.
Published: April 2017

We prove existence of solutions for strongly nonlinear elliptic equations of the form $$ \left\{\begin{array}{c} A(u)+g(x,u,\nabla u)=f+\mbox {div}(\phi(u))\quad \textrm{in }\Omega, \\ u\equiv0\quad \partial \Omega. \end{array} \right.$$ Where $A(u)=-\mbox {div}(a(x,u,\nabla u))$ be a Leray-Lions operator defined in $D(A)\subset W^{1}_{0}L_\varphi(\Omega) \rightarrow W^{-1}_{0}L_\psi(\Omega)$, the right hand side belongs in $ L^{1}(\Omega)$, and $\phi\in C^{0}(\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R}^N)$, without assuming the $\Delta_{2}$-condition on the Musielak function.
Sliding window convergence and lacunary statistical convergence for measurable functions via modulus function
Authors: Mursaleen Mohammad , Raj Kuldip
Published: April 2017

In this paper we study the concepts of sliding window convergence for real valued measurable functions dened on [0,1) via modulus function. We also establish some inclusions and consistency theorems for sequential methods along with examples. Finally, we give a Cauchy convergence criterion.
Develop Ryden Self-Esteem Test on Jordanian Universities Students and Its Relationship with Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Test
Authors: Hammad Hiba
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study is to Develop Ryden self-esteem test on Jordanian universities students and to investigate its relationship with Bar-On emotional intelligence test; it also aims to investigate the effect of gender on self-esteem. The research problem was represented in the following main question: what is the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem. The researcher raised four questions in this research.The sample of this research was consisted of (219) male & female students from both colleges of Princess Alia and Amman University College/ Al Balqa Applied University. Two scales were used in this research including a scale of emotional intelligence, and a scale of self-esteem. Researcher used statistical methods as following: T test, the relative weight (percentage) and multiple regression analysis, the research outcome revealed that there is a significant statistical difference between males and females in emotional intelligence in favor of males. Results also showed that there is a significant statistical impact of the emotional intelligence on Self-esteem.
Avaliação da segurança do processamento de fresas intramedulares flexíveis Para cirurgia ortopédica
Authors: Souza Rafael Queiroz de , Bronzatti Jeane Aparecida Gonzalez , Laranjeira Paulo Roberto , Mimica Lycia Mara Jenné , Silva Cely Barreto , Cruz Aurea Silveira , Graziano Kazuko Uchikawa
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia de um procedimento operacional padrão para limpeza de fresas intramedulares flexíveis, bem como o alcance da esterilidade, e evidenciara citotoxicidade da sujidade residual de uma fresa flexível utilizada na prática assistencial. Métodos: Fresas intramedulares flexíveis foram pesadas antes do processamento,após contaminação desafio e depois da limpeza. Elas foram contaminadas com Soil Test™, suspensão de Geobacillus stearothermophilus, na concentração de106 UFC/mL, e farinha de osso bovino. Após processamento, as amostras foram incubadas em meio de cultura por 21 dias. A sujidade residual de uma fresa utilizadana prática foi submetida ao teste de citotoxicidade in vitro. Resultados: As amostras, embora esterilizadas, apontaram acúmulo de sujidade e o processamento foi ineficaz.A sujidade residual apresentou efeito citotóxico. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que o design flexível das fresas seja descontinuado pela insegurança no processamento.
Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) – Management of emergency situations
Authors: Lindhoff-Last Edelgard
Published: April 2017

The worldwide increase in the aging population and the associated increase in the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism as well as the widespread use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) have resulted in an increase of the need for the management of bleeding complications and emergency operations in frail, elderly patients, in clinical practice. When severe bleeding occurs, general assessment should include evaluation of the bleeding site, onset and severity of bleeding, renal function, and concurrent medications with focus on anti-platelet drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The last intake of the DOAC and its residual concentration are also relevant. The site of bleeding should be immediately localized, anticoagulation should be interrupted, and local measures to stop bleeding should be taken. In life-threatening bleeding or emergency operations immediate reversal of the antithrombotic effect may be indicated. If relevant residual DOAC-concentrations are expected and surgery cannot be postponed, prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) and/or a specific antidote should be given. While idarucizumab, the specific antidote for dabigatran, has been recently approved for clinical use, the recombinant factor X protein andexanet alfa, an antidote for the reversal of inhibitors of coagulation factor Xa, and ciraparantag, a universal antidote, are not available. Future cohort studies are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of specific and unspecific reversal agents in “real-life” conditions. This was the rationale for introducing the RADOA-registry (RADOA: Reversal Agent use in patients treated with Direct Oral Anticoagulants or vitamin K antagonists), a prospective non-interventional registry, which will evaluate the effects of specific and unspecific reversal agents in patients with life-threatening bleeding or emergency operations either treated with DOACs or vitamin K antagonists.
An Observational Study on Canine-assisted Play Therapy for Children with Autism: Move towards the Phrase of Manualization and Protocol Development
Authors: Fung Suk Chun
Published: April 2017

Canine-assisted play therapy (CAPT) is an emerging psychosocial intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present case studies used quantitative observation of experimenter-designated behavioral outcomes to examine the effectiveness of a planned CAPT intervention. By utilizing a coding system with typical and ASD-specific behavioral categories, the verbal and non-verbal social behaviors of two elementary-aged children with ASD as well as intellectual and language impairments at pre-treatment, during CAPT treatment, at post-treatment and at follow-up are systematically coded and analyzed. This study took the first steps toward making CAPT treatment manuals and research protocol available to a wider audience. Their publication will assist in standardizing the technique for replication in research and in practice.
Conversación en WhatsApp: aprendizaje y colaboración en lingua franca
Authors: Gómez Dina Shirley , Shafirova Liudmila
Published: April 2017

En este estudio de caso se analiza una conversación de WhatsApp (WA) entre dos estudiantes, inscritas en una misma asignatura universitaria, quienes utilizan el inglés como lengua franca. Con la intención de observar el establecimiento de los roles en un trabajo colaborativo mediado por Mobile Instant Messaging (MIM), se abordan los datos desde una perspectiva socioconstructivista, y se emplea el Análisis Conversacional (AC) para describir cómo se posicionan las dos estudiantes con competencias desiguales en cuanto a la lengua que emplean y en cuanto a la asignatura que comparten. Además, observamos cómo a lo largo de su interacción colaborativa desarrollan nuevas competencias. El estudio muestra las potencialidades de los sistemas de mensajería móvil para el desarrollo de saberes disciplinarios y competencias lingüísticas fuera del aula.
Intercultural Competence in Teaching: Defining the Intercultural Profile of Student Teachers
Authors: Garrote Salazar Marta , Fernández Agüero María
Published: April 2017

This article describes the intercultural profile of European student teachers in order to clarify the relationship between Intercultural Competence (IC) and teacher training. The main tool used for that was a questionnaire to assess IC, following the criteria established by the Intercultural Competence Assessment (INCA) Project in which IC levels are ranked. The survey poses a variety of personal and professional situations where IC comes into play and different responses to choose from, ranging from insufficiently intercultural to highly intercultural. The results of this study show that most European student teachers participating in the research displayed an intermediate level of IC, which indicates a necessity to improve future teachers’ IC training, particularly highlighting IC dimensions such as behavioural flexibility or communicative awareness.
Zbuntowana filozofia – subwersyjnej pedagogice. Hannah Arendt
i Henry A. Giroux
Authors: Sosnowska Paulina
Published: April 2017

The aim of the article is to elucidate the reasons why the critical pedagogue Henry A. Giroux,
in his recent works, was inspired by the thought (in many aspects completely different) of
Hannah Arendt, particularly by her analyses concerning the role of public spaces and the
power of judgement in the modern world. The article develops three contact points in which
the two distinct paradigms meet. They are: the metaphor of the “dark times”, adopted by
Giroux, public spaces and the university.
Identidades religiosas no mundo plural: na voz de personagens de O outro pé da sereia, de Mia Couto
Authors: Cantarela Antonio Geraldo , Panasiewicz Roberlei
Published: April 2017

Os debates sobre pluralismo religioso e diálogo trazem, dentre seus temas, a questão das identidades e, especificamente, das identidades religiosas.  Trata-se da experiência de pertença a um grupo, tradição ou movimento religioso, expressa por determinadas representações, marcada por contrastes e mesclas em relação a outros grupos e tradições. O artigo discute o tema da identidade, e de como a ficção literária tematiza essas questões complexas do cotidiano. As reflexões far-se-ão mediadas pelas vozes de personagens do romance O outro pé da sereia, do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto. Dialogarão com aportes teóricos do filósofo francês Paul Ricoeur a partir da obra O si mesmo como um outro. Identidade pessoal e identidade narrativa são constituídas pelas dimensões idem e ipse que possibilitam demarcar o movimento implícito no desenvolvimento da personalidade humana. As identidades são constituintes das pessoas, dos grupos sociais e religiosos e também de suas representações no âmbito da escrita literária. A reflexão se apresentará da seguinte forma: i) Discussão sobre a pluralidade religiosa e diálogo, destacando a problemática da identidade; ii) Contextualização do romance O outro pé da sereia; iii) Identidade pessoal e identidade narrativa em Paul Ricoeur; iv) Demarcação de tipos de identidade a partir de personagens do romance.
A new leafhopper genus with two new species related to Masiripius Dlabola, 1981 (Hemiptera, Deltocephalinae, Cicadellidae, Opsiini)
Authors: El-Sonbati Saad A. , Wilson Michael R. , Dhafer Hathal M. Al
Published: April 2017

The genus Oshaibahus El-Sonbati & Wilson gen. nov. is described with the type species Platymetopius zizyphi Bergevin, 1922. Two new species, O. kadiae El-Sonbati & Wilson gen. et sp. nov. from Sudan and O. linnavuorii El-Sonbati & Wilson gen. et sp. nov. from Iraq are described, and a new combination, Oshaibahus zizyphi (Bergevin, 1922) gen. et comb. nov. is proposed. The genus Masiripius Dlabola, 1981 (type species: Mahalana lugubris Distant, 1918) is redefined. An illustrated key to genera of the subtribe Opsiina and a key to species of Oshaibahus gen. nov. are presented to facilitate identification.
« Il y a au moins trois gais dans la classe »
Authors: Richard Gabrielle
Published: April 2017

En dépit du fait que des enquêtes sur le climat scolaire documentent depuis 1990 la présence d’homophobie et ses impacts négatifs, peu d’attention a été accordée à la manière dont l’école reproduit des normes d’hétérosexualité et de conformité aux attentes genrées. L’analyse des pratiques liées à la diversité sexuelle des enseignants du secondaire suggère que ces derniers peuvent jouer un rôle dans la reconduction ou dans la contestation de ces normes. Nous suggérons que la pleine inclusion scolaire des personnes LGBTI nécessite de considérer la complicité de l’école dans la perpétuation de normes liées au genre et à l’orientation sexuelle.
Point de vue des praticiens dans les situations d’exposition à la violence conjugale et renouvellement démocratique des pratiques
Authors: Plante Nathalie
Published: April 2017

L’étude du regard des praticiens sur les pratiques sociales fait depuis un certain nombre d’années l’objet de recherches théoriques ou pratiques reliées à diverses problématiques. Toutefois, le point de vue des praticiens à l’égard des pratiques dans les situations d’exposition à la violence conjugale est encore méconnu. À la suite du survol sociohistorique et à la présentation de l’état actuel des connaissances liées aux pratiques sociales dans ces situations, nous proposons une réflexion sur l’intégration du sens que les praticiens donnent à leur pratique dans une démarche de renouvellement démocratique des pratiques.
Le travail social : une profession transférable ?
Authors: Ethier Stéphanie , Sansfaçon Annie Pullen
Published: April 2017

Bien que le travail social s’ancre dans des principes transcendant les frontières nationales, sa pratique est largement influencée par le contexte culturel et socioéconomique dans lequel elle s’exerce. Cet article explore l’expérience professionnelle de vingt-six travailleuses sociales diplômées à l’étranger qui exercent actuellement la profession au Québec, principalement dans la grande région montréalaise. Plus particulièrement, il est question des enjeux liés au transfert des connaissances, de l’expérience professionnelle et des valeurs acquises à l’étranger, à leur nouveau contexte de pratique.
Une transition Canada Dry ? Les faux-semblants de la gouvernance des ressources naturelles au Canada
Authors: Dumarcheri Amélie , Fournisii Yann
Published: April 2017

La transition économique est un enjeu majeur au Canada : initialement une colonie construite sur l’exploitation des ressources naturelles, il a depuis connu une évolution rapide, au point d’être considéré comme une puissance économique de premier plan. Toutefois, les évolutions récentes sont ambiguës et animent un débat lourd : pour certains, l’économie canadienne est appelée à dépasser le stade d’une économie centrée sur les ressources primaires pour s’inscrire dans l’économie du savoir ; pour d’autres, la période actuelle conduit plutôt à l’exacerbation de la vieille exploitation des ressources naturelles, mais sous des formes relativement nouvelles. Pour expliquer cette tension, nous examinons l’hypothèse du passage de l'économie canadienne d'un stade de maturation de l’exploitation traditionnelle (dit mature-staples) à un stade nouveau (dit « post-staples »). Cela permet de mettre à jour la variété et la profondeur des évolutions actuelles (économiques et productives, politiques et symboliques, sociales et territoriales) et de souligner qu’elles sont sans doute mieux abordées en termes de gouvernance et de jeu politique autour des ressources qu’en termes de « virage » objectif et structurel de l’économie politique des ressources. La transition de l’économie des ressources naturelles au Canada apparaît si hétérogène et inégale qu’elle pousse à questionner l’existence même d’un bouleversement structurel de ses bases.
Institutions informelles et gouvernance de proximité dans l’orpaillage artisanal. Un cas d’étude au Burkina Faso
Authors: Sangaré Oumar , Mundler Patrick , Ouedraogo Lala Safiatou
Published: April 2017

Au cours des dernières décennies, l’orpaillage artisanal a pris une place grandissante dans plusieurs pays de l’Ouest africain. Ce développement de l’orpaillage artisanal, principalement informel, suscite diverses inquiétudes quant à sa soutenabilité sociale et environnementale, même si divers travaux récents montrent qu’il est un facteur important de résilience pour de nombreux ménages ruraux. À partir de l’étude approfondie d’un site d’orpaillage au Burkina Faso, nous montrons que contrairement aux préjugés habituellement véhiculés qui font des sites d’orpaillage des espaces de non-droit, l’organisation du site repose sur une gouvernance de proximité très structurée, même si elle est principalement régie par des règles informelles. Cette gouvernance de proximité reste néanmoins fragile et comporte diverses insuffisances qui limitent la contribution de l’orpaillage artisanal au développement territorial. Son mode d’exploitation reste principalement orienté vers la rentabilité à court terme, rendant le travail dangereux, précaire et au détriment de la durabilité sociale et environnementale. Ainsi, cette gouvernance de proximité reposant à la fois sur le marché et sur les structures de pouvoir coutumières souffre de ne pas être suffisamment articulée à une politique publique structurante, accompagnant et respectant tout à la fois les mécanismes locaux de régulation.
Dynamic modulation of decision biases by brainstem arousal systems
Authors: de Gee Jan Willem , Colizoli Olympia , Kloosterman Niels A , Knapen Tomas , Nieuwenhuis Sander , Donner Tobias H
Published: April 2017

Decision-makers often arrive at different choices when faced with repeated presentations of the same evidence. Variability of behavior is commonly attributed to noise in the brain’s decision-making machinery. We hypothesized that phasic responses of brainstem arousal systems are a significant source of this variability. We tracked pupil responses (a proxy of phasic arousal) during sensory-motor decisions in humans, across different sensory modalities and task protocols. Large pupil responses generally predicted a reduction in decision bias. Using fMRI, we showed that the pupil-linked bias reduction was (i) accompanied by a modulation of choice-encoding pattern signals in parietal and prefrontal cortex and (ii) predicted by phasic, pupil-linked responses of a number of neuromodulatory brainstem centers involved in the control of cortical arousal state, including the noradrenergic locus coeruleus. We conclude that phasic arousal suppresses decision bias on a trial-by-trial basis, thus accounting for a significant component of the variability of choice behavior.
Domestic chickens activate a piRNA defense against avian leukosis virus
Authors: Sun Yu Huining , Xie Li Huitong , Zhuo Xiaoyu , Chen Qiang , Ghoneim Dalia , Zhang Bin , Jagne Jarra , Yang Chengbo , Li Xin Zhiguo
Published: April 2017

PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) protect the germ line by targeting transposable elements (TEs) through the base-pair complementarity. We do not know how piRNAs co-evolve with TEs in chickens. Here we reported that all active TEs in the chicken germ line are targeted by piRNAs, and as TEs lose their activity, the corresponding piRNAs erode away. We observed de novo piRNA birth as host responds to a recent retroviral invasion. Avian leukosis virus (ALV) has endogenized prior to chicken domestication, remains infectious, and threatens poultry industry. Domestic fowl produce piRNAs targeting ALV from one ALV provirus that was known to render its host ALV resistant. This proviral locus does not produce piRNAs in undomesticated wild chickens. Our findings uncover rapid piRNA evolution reflecting contemporary TE activity, identify a new piRNA acquisition modality by activating a pre-existing genomic locus, and extend piRNA defense roles to include the period when endogenous retroviruses are still infectious.
MÉSZÁROS E SEUS CONTRIBUTOS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO: ALGUMAS REFLEXÕES.
Authors: Santos Sayarah Carol Mesquita dos , Bertoldo Edna
Published: April 2017

Nosso propósito neste artigo é apreender as contribuições que Mészáros nos oferece em relação à educação, que possibilite aos sujeitos a consciência da real necessidade de um sistema radicalmente transformado e a consolidação de uma sociedade que rompa com o capital. Adotamos como metodologia um estudo teórico que tem como obra A educação para além do capital, de Mészáros, e outros textos do mesmo autor, que contribuem para refletirmos a educação na estrutura capitalista com base na concepção materialista/dialética da história. Sendo assim, entende-se que a superação do capital consiste numa tarefa histórica a ser assumida pelo proletariado, de modo que, a educação, enquanto prática social, é um instrumento imprescindível para atingir tal objetivo.
AS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA OS TRABALHADORES, OS MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E A EDUCAÇÃO NA CONJUNTURA DO ATUAL
Authors: Carvalho Costa Áurea De
Published: April 2017

O objetivo do artigo é contribuir ao debate sobre como a CSP CONTLUTAS tem se consolidado como ferramenta para organizar a reivindicação popular de políticas públicas para a educação dos trabalhadores, envolvendo os movimentos sociais na conjuntura do atual. Trata-se de uma Central que se configura como espaço de luta para a classe trabalhadora, combatendo a exploração e a opressão, no campo e na cidade, atuando junto à sociedade brasileira e internacional balizada pelos princípios de independência de classe, autonomia de gestão e financeira, unidade de ação e democracia operária. Este artigo visa apresentar este modelo de sindicalismo inovador e apontar algumas das ações que concretizam tal modelo.
EDUCAÇÃO DE CLASSE E DESENVOLVIMENTO INDUSTRIAL NO BRASIL: A ESCOLA NOVA E O DISCURSO DA PSICOTÉCNICA
Authors: Souza Elisabete Gonçalves de
Published: April 2017

Discute o pensamento pedagógico e social da Escola Nova relacionando-o com o projeto liberal-industrializante que entrou em curso no Brasil na década de 1930 impulsionado pelos industriais paulistas. Objetiva mostrar a adesão dos industriais aos fundamentos da Escola Nova, às teses de homogeneização cultural tendo em vista a consolidação da ideologia industrialista e de seu projeto de sociedade Em termos teóricos e metodológicos trata-se de uma pesquisa pautada nas análises Gramsci sobre Estado, sociedade civil e hegemonia. Avança analisando como as lideranças empresariais, imprimiram sua direção às elites políticas, escamoteando seus interesses sob a ótica da neutralidade cientifica ensejada em discursos em prol da modernidade capitalista, entendida pelos pioneiros da educação nova e seus aliados como a única saída para retirar o Brasil de seu atraso histórico.
A Ten‐year Program Evaluation of an Emergency Medicine Scholarly Track in Education Using a Qualitative Approach
Authors: Schnapp Benjamin H. , Fant Abra L. , Gisondi Michael A.
Published: April 2017

Background

Residency scholarly tracks have allowed training programs to better prepare residents for a future in academia. Despite their success, however, few evaluations of these scholarly tracks have been completed to ensure they are meeting the goals of their stakeholders.

Objective

The objective was to evaluate the education scholarly track at Northwestern University Emergency Medicine by querying key stakeholders on the current state of the track and its ideal state.

Methods

Current emergency medicine residents, faculty, and track alumni were identified as essential stakeholders. Their perspectives on the track were elicited with a focus group and online survey, respectively, and responses were analyzed using grounded theory.

Results

Four distinct themes emerged from the analysis as critical to the track: “education skills and learning theory,” “education research methodology,” “leadership,” and “collaboration.”

Conclusion

These themes will be used to inform further development of the track. A similar self‐reflection process may benefit other programs with scholarly tracks.
Early administration of fibrinogen concentrates improves the short‐term outcomes of severe pelvic fracture patients
Authors: Inokuchi Koichi , Sawano Makoto , Yamamoto Koji , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Sugiyama Satoru
Published: April 2017

Aim

Hemorrhage from pelvic fracture is a major cause of mortality after blunt trauma. Several studies have suggested that early fibrinogen supplementation improves outcomes of traumatic hemorrhage. Thus, we revised our massive transfusion protocol (MTP) in April 2013 to include early off‐label administration of fibrinogen concentrate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of the revision on the short‐term outcomes of pelvic fracture patients.

Methods

This was a single‐center, retrospective, cohort study. A total of 224 consecutive pelvic fracture patients hospitalized in Saitama Medical Center (Saitama, Japan), 115 before the revision (Group E) and 109 after (Group L), were enrolled. Characteristics of the patients were compared between the groups. Impacts of the revision were evaluated by hazard ratios adjusted for characteristics, injury severity, and coagulation status using Cox's multivariate proportional hazard model. The impact was also evaluated by log–rank test and relative risk of 28‐day mortality between the groups.

Results

The characteristics were equivalent between the groups. The multivariate analysis revealed that the revision of MTP was significantly related to improved survival with an adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.45 (0.07–0.97). The log–rank test gave χ2‐test values of 5.2 (P = 0.022) and 6.7 (P = 0.009), and the relative risks were 0.37 (0.15–0.91) and 0.33 (0.13–0.84), in patients with all Injury Severity Scores and Injury Severity Score ≥21, respectively.

Conclusion

The revision of MTP to include aggressive off‐label treatment with fibrinogen concentrate was related to improved short‐term outcomes of severe pelvic fracture patients. However, due to the limitations of the study, the improvement could not be attributed totally to the revision.
A Self‐Quenching System Based on Bis‐Naphthalimide: A Dual Two‐Photon‐Channel GSH Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Shen Wei , Ge Jingyan , He Siyang , Zhang Ruoyu , Zhao Chengyan , Fan Yong , Yu Shian , Liu Bin , Zhu Qing
Published: April 2017

A single fluorescent signal output often does not satisfy the detection accuracy requirements for bioactive compounds in biological systems. It is of great interest to develop a dual‐channel turn‐on fluorescence sensing system for self‐validated detection. Herein, we report a self‐quenching nanoparticle composed of dual two‐photon dyes of naphthalimides, displaying almost no fluorescence at both channels, owing to aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ). A dual two‐photon‐channel fluorescent probe for GSH was further developed by inserting a disulfide bond between two naphthalimides. Upon treatment with GSH, the disulfide bond was cleaved, and two napthalimide fluorophores were separated, leading to turn‐on fluorescence at both channels. This dual‐two‐photon‐channel design strategy can be easily extended to other analytes, simply by changing the linker molecules, which creates new opportunities to accurately monitor various biological processes in living cells.
I tawt i taw a puddy tat: Gestures in canary row narrations by high‐functioning youth with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Silverman Laura B. , Eigsti Inge‐Marie , Bennetto Loisa
Published: April 2017

This study examined whether individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) produce co‐speech gestures similarly to typically developing (TD) peers. Participants were 20 youth ages 10–18 years with high‐functioning ASD and 21 TD controls matched on age, gender, verbal IQ, and handedness. Gestures were elicited using a classic narrative‐retelling task, in which participants watched a Tweety and Sylvester cartoon and retold the cartoon to a confederate. Analyses compared gesture rate, type, and viewpoint (character, observer, dual) across groups. Communicative utility of gestures was measured via naïve coder ratings of whether a movement was a gesture, and the clarity of a gesture's meaning. The ASD group produced shorter narratives and fewer total gestures than the TD group. Accounting for narrative length, the ASD group produced fewer gestures per clause than the TD group; however, proportions of gesture types (iconic, deictic, beat, metaphoric, emblems) did not differ. Most notably, the ASD group's gestures were rated as less clearly gestures in terms of timing and well formedness, with lower certainty ratings for gesture meaning. Gesture clarity and gesture meaning scores were related to diagnostic measures of gesture competence in ASD. Findings suggest that although fluent children and adolescents with ASD use the same type of gestures as controls, their gestures are more difficult to understand, which has significant implications for their communicative abilities more broadly. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1353–1363. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis C viral load, genotype, and increased risk of developing end‐stage renal disease: REVEAL‐HCV study
Authors: Lai Tai‐Shuan , Lee Mei‐Hsuan , Yang Hwai‐I , You San‐Lin , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Wang Li‐Yu , Yuan Yong , L'Italien Gilbert , Chien Kuo‐Liong , Chen Chien‐Jen ,   for the REVEAL‐HCV Study Group
Published: April 2017

The association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) remains controversial without considering the role of HCV viral load and genotype. This study aimed to determine whether HCV RNA level and genotype affect the risk of developing ESRD. Between 1991 and 1992, 19,984 participants aged 30‐65 years were enrolled in a community‐based prospective cohort study in Taiwan. Chronic HCV infection was defined by detectable HCV viral load. ESRD was determined as the need for chronic dialysis or renal transplantation. Conventional Cox proportional hazard and competing risk models were used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) for ESRD. After a median follow‐up of 16.8 years, 204 cases were detected during 319,474 person‐years. The incidence rates of ESRD for nonchronically HCV‐infected and chronically HCV‐infected patients were 60.2 and 194.3 per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. The multivariable HR was 2.33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40‐3.89) when comparing patients with and without chronic HCV infection. Patients with low and high HCV RNA levels were at higher risk of ESRD than those who were nonchronically HCV‐infected (HR, 2.11, 95% CI 1.16‐3.86, and HR, 3.06, 95% CI 1.23‐7.58; P
trend < 0.001). This association remained robust after taking pre‐ESRD death as a competing event for ESRD. Patients with HCV genotype 1 tended to have a higher risk of developing ESRD (HR, 3.60 95% CI 1.83‐7.07) compared with nonchronically HCV‐infected subjects. Conclusions: This study reveals that chronic HCV infection is associated with an increased risk of developing ESRD and suggests that elevated serum levels of HCV RNA (>167,000 IU/mL) and HCV genotype 1 are strong predictors of ESRD, indicating clinical implications for the management of chronic HCV. (Hepatology 2017;66:784–793).
Trends in precipitation extremes over the Yellow River basin in North China: Changing properties and causes
Authors: Gao Tao , Wang Huailiang
Published: April 2017

The Mann–Kendall test, composite analysis, and 68 high‐quality meteorological stations were used to explore the spatiotemporal variations and causes of precipitation extremes over the Yellow River basin (YRB) during the period of 1960–2011. Results showed that (a) the YRB is characterized by decreases of most precipitation indices, excluding the simple daily intensity index, which has increasing trends in most locations, suggesting that the intensity of rainfall and the probability of occurrence of droughts have increased during the last decades. (b) Trends of extreme precipitation show mixed patterns in the lower reach of the YRB, where drought–flood disasters have increased. The increases in heavy rainfall and decreases in consecutive wet days in recent years over the northwestern portions of the YRB indicate that the intensity and frequency of above‐normal precipitation have been trending upward in domains. In the central‐south YRB, the maximum 1‐day precipitation (RX1day) and precipitation on extremely wet days (R99p) have significantly increased, whereas the number of consecutive dry days has declined; these trends suggest that the intensity of precipitation extremes has increased in those regions, although the frequency of extreme and total rainfall has decreased. (c) The spatial distributions of seasonal trends in RX1day and maximum 5‐day precipitation (RX5day) exhibited less spatial coherence, and winter is becoming the wettest season regionwide, particularly over the central‐south YRB. (d) There were multiple and overlapping cycles of variability for most precipitation indices, indicating variations of time and frequency. (e) Elevation is intimately correlated with precipitation indices, and a weakening East Asian summer monsoon during 1986–2011 compared to that in 1960–1985 may have played an important role in the declines in most indices over the YRB. Therefore, the combined effects from local and teleconnection forcing factors have collectively influenced the variations in precipitation extremes across the YRB. This study may provide valuable evidence for the effective management of water resources and the conduct of agricultural activities at the basin scale.
Zika virus: A public health threat
Authors: Sharma Shashi , Tandel Kundan , Dash Paban K. , Parida Manmohan
Published: April 2017

The resurgence of Zika virus as public health emergency of an international concern with increased incidence of microcephaly has drawn attention of scientific community for its detailed understanding with regard to virus evolution, epidemiology, geographical spread, pathogenesis, etc. The scope of the present review is to discuss the detailed updated information in respect of Zika virus evolution since its inception.