bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral HPV Infection among Indigenous Australians; Incidence, Persistence, and Clearance at 12-Month Follow-up
Authors: Sethi Sneha , Ju Xiangqun , Antonsson Annika , Canfell Karen , Smith Megan A. , Garvey Gail , Hedges Joanne , Jamieson Lisa
Published: December 2021

Background:

Persistent oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a risk factor for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Indigenous Australians have a higher rate of OPSCC than non-Indigenous Australians. Risk factors for oral HPV persistence among Indigenous Australians are poorly understood.

Methods:

Participants provided information on sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors including tobacco and alcohol use, and sexual history. Participants additionally provided saliva samples for microbial genotyping. Negative log binomial regression models were used to evaluate associations of sociodemographic, health behavior, and sexual behavior indicators on incident, persistent, and cleared oral HPV infection at 12-month follow-up. Estimates were quantified as rate ratios (RR).

Results:

Of the 1,011 participants recruited at baseline, 911 provided saliva samples that were β-globin positive (a DNA integrity check), with 321 (35.3%) testing positive for any oral HPV infection. At 12-month follow up, saliva samples were obtained from 743 of the original 1,011 participants (73.5%). Among the 584 participants who provided β-globin–positive saliva samples at baseline and 12-month follow-up, 24 (42.6%) had no oral HPV infection at both time points, 130 (22.2%) had new (incident) oral HPV infection at 12 months, 130 (22.2%) had persistent oral HPV infection (i.e., present at both baseline and 12 months), and 75 (12.8%) had oral HPV infection clearance from baseline to 12 months. Age of first giving oral sex and unsafe (unprotected) oral sexual behaviors were significantly associated with incidence; rural location of residence and ever received oral sex were significantly associated with persistence; and, rural location of residence and ever received oral sex were significantly associated with clearance of oral HPV infection.

Conclusions:

The incidence of oral HPV infection at both baseline and 12-month follow-up was high. Factors associated with persistence and clearance of oral HPV infections included location of residence and unsafe oral sexual behaviors.

Impact:

There are currently no studies available which have assessed oral HPV infection incidence, persistence, and clearance amongst Indigenous populations in Australia or even at a global level. The study has been able to identify risk factors associated with potential malignant changes in the oropharynx among Indigenous Australians.
High-Resolution Melting Curve Analysis to Predict Extended Blood Group Phenotypes among Thai Donors and Patients
Authors: Nathalang Oytip , Intharanut Kamphon , Chidtrakoon Sarisa
Published: December 2021

Background: High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis is an alternative method for red cell genotyping. Differences in melting curves between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes can predict phenotypes in blood group systems based on single-nucleotide polymorphisms. This study aimed to implement HRM analysis to predict additional extended blood group phenotypes in Thai donor and patient populations. Methods: Blood samples obtained from 300 unrelated Thai blood donors and 23 patients with chronic transfusions were included. HRM analysis was developed and validated in genotyping of KEL*01 and KEL*02, JK*01 and JK*02, FY*01, FY*02, and FY*02 N.01, DI*01 and DI*02, GYPB*03 and GYPB*04, RHCE*E and RHCE*e, and DO*01 and DO*02. Then genotyping results from HRM and polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) and phenotyping results were compared. Results: The validated genotyping results in known DNA controls by HRM analysis agreed with DNA sequencing. The genotyping results among 300 donors in 15 alleles by HRM analysis were in complete concordance with those obtained by serological testing and PCR-SSP. The sensitivity and specificity of the HRM assay were both 100%. Among patients, 13 had alloantibodies that possessed predicted antigen-negative phenotypes corresponding to those antibody specificities, and the highest probability of genotyped-matched donors was given to the remaining patients. Conclusions: We developed and implemented the HRM analysis assay for red cell genotyping to predict extended blood group antigens in Thai donor and patient populations. The data from this study may help inform about and support transfusion care of Thai patients to reduce the risk of alloimmunisation.
A outra face: a máscara e a (trans)formação do atuante: ligeiros olhares sobre práticas em escolas universitárias e dois grupos de teatro
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Comunicações e Artes, Costa Felisberto Sabino da
Published: December 2021

O livro foi elaborado na primeira década do ano 2000, e retomado apenas agora, com pequenas modificações. Dessa forma, o trabalho se mostra como recorte de um tempo, uma fotografia que aborda processos com a máscara em um determinado intervalo de tempo, configurando-se como registro que, imerso em um processo histórico, não pretende dar conta de tudo. Sob essa perspectiva, a viagem empreendida nessa leitura necessita da sinalização de alguns procedimentos. O intuito do trabalho é abordar a pedagogia da máscara levada a cabo por alguns artistas-professores, em algumas escolas de teatro brasileiras, centrada no artefato colocado na face do ator ou da atriz, distanciando-se de uma perspectiva expandida, tal como, por exemplo, o mascaramento. A ideia não é verticalizar um determinado tema, mas fazer um sobrevoo nas práticas apontando alguns processos. O autor vislumbrou elaborar uma espécie de léxico do trabalho com a máscara, porém, não no formato de verbetes isolados, mas entrelaçados em narrativa que alinhasse ligeiramente cada tema tocado. Nesse sentido, o autor alerta para que não se espere uma imersão na profundeza de um rio-máscara, antes, um navegar pela superfície das águas, que reverbera no casco (ou na pele) a tensão da profundidade. Ao trazer essas indicações para o voo, o autor não busca uma justificativa, pois foi uma escolha permanecer na pele e não atingir o osso.
Literatura e filosofia em Raul Pompeia
Authors: Severo Marconi
Published: December 2021

Ao empregar as técnicas do chiaroscuro e da circular idade interna, Raul Pompeia conseguiu, sob o preço da incompreensão crítica, abordar literariamente suas reflexões filosóficas. Estas, por sua vez, são mais reformistas do que revolucionárias; mais detidas no homem em si, apesar de considerá-lo como essencialmente mau, do que em aportes metafísicos. Recorrendo a fontes originais, procuro destacar que a crítica corriqueiramente recaiu em um grande equívoco ao ressaltar um aspecto mais pessimista e sombrio de Raul Pompeia do que a análise de suas obras permite crer.
O Iberismo como primitivismo: a abordagem de José Marianno Filho
Authors: Koury Ana
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho explora a interpretação de José Marianno Filho sobre a herança ibérica colonial brasileira. Apresenta seu programa da casa tradicional brasileira e da cidade brasileira como elemento fundamental de sua narrativa construída na década de 1920 e registrada nas páginas de O Jornal. A hipótese é que o autor abordou o Iberismo como um primitivismo, isto é, uma reação cultural em relação ao ecletismo, que resultou na busca da essencialidade na qual se afirmou depois o modernismo brasileiro.
Braços nas argolas e sorrisos nos rostos: narrativas museais sobre a escravidão
Authors: Pereira Vinícius , Silva Alexandra
Published: December 2021

O tráfico transatlântico de pessoas escravizadas e a escravidão são marcados por uma multiplicidade de sentidos. Nesse contexto, o artigo debruça-se sobre a instituição que tem propagado narrativas e imagens sobre o tema no Brasil: o museu. O objetivo é mapear e identificar os espaços museais dedicados à temática no país. Visamos, a partir da análise de imagens dos acervos disponíveis na internet e das postagens publicadas nas redes sociais dos museus identificados, compreender quais são as narrativas sobre a escravidão visibilizada nesses espaços. Entre os resultados do artigo, destacam-se a quase ausência de espaços dedicados a divulgar e preservar a memória da escravidão e a presença hegemônica de narrativas que enfatizam a dimensão da violência da escravidão.
Modos de conexão popular no cinema brasileiro pré-64: considerações sobre Vidas secas, Os fuzis e o inacabado Cabra marcado para morrer
Authors: Toledo Paulo
Published: December 2021

O ensaio é uma reflexão sobre um aspecto marcante num conjunto de filmes dos anos 1960, a saber, a vontade de conexão dos realizadores com as frações populares e marginais do país, algo que aparece no nível temático, estético, político e também produtivo das obras. Depois de algumas considerações sobre Vidas secas (1963), de Nelson Pereira dos Santos, o ensaio se detém em Os fuzis (1964), de Ruy Guerra, e no primeiro Cabra marcado para morrer, filme inacabado de Eduardo Coutinho, cujas filmagens foram interrompidas com a deflagração do golpe, em 1964.
Do dois ao três, ou A reprodução da burrice paulista
Authors: Vigneron Victor
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o projeto de adaptação cinematográfica do romance Amar, verbo intransitivo, produzido por Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes no final dos anos 1960. Propõe-se relacionar as escolhas formais e temáticas feitas pelo autor com outros aspectos significativos de sua trajetória. Espera-se, dessa maneira, recompor as posições estéticas e teóricas articuladas diante do regime militar. Nesse sentido, o recurso de Salles Gomes à ficção parece constituir um lance decisivo numa estratégia mais ampla de reconfiguração intelectual.
Cartas para Murilo Miranda, o amigo com quem envelheço
Authors: Silva Mônica , Santos Matildes
Published: December 2021

No conjunto da correspondência de Mário de Andrade a Murilo Miranda, entre 1934 e 1945, encontra-se um Mário muito distante da utopia vanguardista dos primeiros anos do Modernismo brasileiro. Nesse novo ambiente literário e intelectual, move-se o escritor, dominado pelo desencanto, que encontra em Murilo Miranda, um jovem estudante de Direito, o interlocutor ideal com quem costurou fatos de sua atividade artística fraturada à frente do serviço público, e depois empreendeu discussões sobre os princípios da “arte de ação pela arte”, literatura e ética.
Violência sexual em mulheres na Amazônia Ocidental
Authors: Cargnin Júlia Souza Santos , Luna Juliana Scholtão , Aguiar Débora Melo de , Rodrigues Bárbara Teles Cameli , Filho Aldir Alves de Azevedo , Silveira Rodrigo Pinheiro
Published: December 2021

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar os casos de violência sexual sofridos por mulheres notificadas pelo Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no município de Rio Branco (AC) no período de 2011 a 2016. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo com base nas informações do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. A população do estudo foi constituída por mulheres vítimas de violência sexual notificadas no município de Rio Branco (AC), de 2011 a 2016. RESULTADOS: Os resultados da investigação apresentam maior número de notificação durante o ano de 2012, se destacando entre as vítimas aquelas com idade entre 10 e 14 anos, solteiras, pardas e com 5 a 8 anos de formação educacional. O local de ocorrência mais notificado foi a residência, predominando agressor único, do sexo masculino e não alcoolizado. DISCUSSÃO: O grande número de notificações de gestantes na faixa etária de 10 a 14 anos corresponde à notificação compulsória do estupro de vulnerável, identificado no momento de realização do pré-natal ou parto. CONCLUSÃO: Confirmou-se a suscetibilidade à violência sexual de mulheres jovens de Rio Branco, levantando a problemática do casamento infantil e da gravidez na adolescência.
Procedural Risk in Congenital Cardiac Catheterization (PREDIC
3
T)
Authors: Quinn Brian P. , Yeh Mary , Gauvreau Kimberlee , Ali Fatima , Balzer David , Barry Oliver , Batlivala Sarosh , Berman Darren , Foerster Susan , Goldstein Bryan , Hainstock Michael , Holzer Ralf , Janssen Dana , O’Byrne Michael L. , Shirley Lauren , Trucco Sara , Whiteside Wendy , Bergersen Lisa
Published: December 2021

Background

Advancements in the field, including novel procedures and multiple interventions, require an updated approach to accurately assess patient risk. This study aims to modernize patient hemodynamic and procedural risk classification through the creation of risk assessment tools to be used in congenital cardiac catheterization.

Methods and Results

Data were collected for all cases performed at sites participating in the C3PO (Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Project on Outcomes) multicenter registry. Between January 2014 and December 2017, 23 119 cases were recorded in 13 participating institutions, of which 88% of patients were <18 years of age and 25% <1 year of age; a high‐severity adverse event occurred in 1193 (5.2%). Case types were defined by procedure(s) performed and grouped on the basis of association with the outcome, high‐severity adverse event. Thirty‐four unique case types were determined and stratified into 6 risk categories. Six hemodynamic indicator variables were empirically assessed, and a novel hemodynamic vulnerability score was determined by the frequency of high‐severity adverse events. In a multivariable model, case‐type risk category (odds ratios for category: 0=0.46, 1=1.00, 2=1.40, 3=2.68, 4=3.64, and 5=5.25; all
P
≤0.005) and hemodynamic vulnerability score (odds ratio for score: 0=1.00, 1=1.27, 2=1.89, and ≥3=2.03; all
P
≤0.006) remained independent predictors of patient risk.

Conclusions

These case‐type risk categories and the weighted hemodynamic vulnerability score both serve as independent predictors of patient risk for high‐severity adverse events. This contemporary procedure‐type risk metric and weighted hemodynamic vulnerability score will improve our understanding of patient and procedural outcomes.
Abstract 1122‐000012: Study Design and Selection Criteria of a Large Core Thrombectomy Trial —— ANGEL‐ASPECT
Authors: Huo Xiaochuan , Huo Xiaochuan , Ren Zeguang , Ren Zeguang , Ma Gaoting , Ma Gaoting , Tong Xu , Tong Xu , Zhang Xuelei , Zhang Xuelei , Vitor Pereira , Pereira Vitor Mendes , Miao Zhongrong , Miao Zhongrong
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: The ANGEL‐ASPECT trial (NCT 04551664) is an ongoing, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (RCT) currently being conducted in China. The goal of ANGEL‐ASPECT’s is to include the maximum patients with a true large core for whom EVT is not recommended under current guidelines with level 1 evidence. By enrolling patients with ASPECTS <6, expanding the window to 24h from stroke onset (beyond the windows in DAWN and DEFUSE3), and defining large core volume as >70 cc, ANGEL‐ASPECT maximizes the inclusion of patients with true large cores. What’s more, intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) is common in the Asian population while most of the previous trials have been performed in the Western world where ICAD is less prevalent.

Methods
: We reviewed the merits of ANGEL‐ASPECT’s design and suggest that it be included in the discussion of patient selection criteria in large core trials.

Results
: The primary goal of our trial is to determine whether EVT will benefit or harm AIS patients with LVO and a “large core” infarct. The inclusion criteria for ANGEL‐ASPECT are:

1. If ASPECTS is 3–5 and presentation is within 24 hours of onset, patients are enrolled without obtaining CTP.

2. If ASPECTS is >5 and presentation is beyond 6 hours of onset, only patients with relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of < 30% by CTP or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of < 620 on MRI and estimated core volume of 70–100 cc are enrolled.

3. If ASPECTS is <3, only patients with rCBF < 30% or ADC on MRI < 620 and estimated core volume of 70–100 cc are enrolled. Patients are enrolled under a pre‐specified protocol. Each randomized patient is qualified by two core lab members who are available at all hours to calculate ASPECTS and infarct core volume using specialized, RAPID software.

Conclusions
: We believe that defining core volume using CTP can compensate for the inconsistencies of ASPECTS if we exclude patients with onset within six hours and core volume of 50–70 cc since these patients have already been shown to benefit from EVT in multiple RCTs. We believe that this decision captures more patients with true large core volumes for the trial. The ANGEL‐ASPECT inclusion criteria also eliminate the second group of “good ASPECTS + unfavorable CTP” . The sample size of our trial is calculated based on studies excluding these populations. The power of the trial was maintained for the relatively consistent large core volume patient population.
Abstract 1122‐000017: Giant Brain Aneurysm: A Case Report in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Lagos‐Servellon Javier , Zelaya Ventura , Escalante‐Lanza Gretel , Zelaya Mariam , Murillo Tulio , Servellon David
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: The incidence of intracranial aneurysms in the pediatric population ranges from 1 to 3 per million inhabitants. Within this population, aneurysms are even rarer in lactating patients. Unlike the adult population, the male gender is predominant, and the incidence is more significant in the posterior circulation, with a higher percentage in the middle cerebral artery. Microsurgical and endovascular treatment has been described as feasible treatment in these cases.

Methods
: Methodology: Description of a case report of a patient admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care service of the Hospital Materno Infantil in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. We took informed consent from parents for the patient’s treatment and subsequent academic dissemination of the clinical and neuroimaging data.

Results
: Case report: A two‐year‐old male patient presented to the pediatric emergency department with a 24‐hour evolution of sudden headache of severe intensity, accompanied by nausea and multiple episodes of vomiting. At hospital arrival, the patient presented an episode of generalized epileptic seizures. At the initial clinical neurological evaluation with altered consciousness somnolent. Motor examination revealed a right facial and body hemiparesis and Hunt and Hess of 1. Noncontrast cerebral tomography (NCCT) showed Fisher IV subarachnoid haemorrhage, left frontal lobar intraparenchymal hematoma and acute hydrocephalus (Fig 1A).

Consequently, we placed an external ventricular shunt, for which the patient was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed a giant aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery (Fig. 1B). The patient underwent an endovascular procedure with the placement of coils with a successful result (Fig. 1C and Fig. 1D).

Conclusions
: Giant aneurysms are sporadic in children. They are commonly associated with the posterior circulation and, to a lesser extent, the middle cerebral artery is more commonly affected with the anterior circulation. Aneurysms in children tend to be more extensive compared to their adult counterparts. Clinically, they present with subarachnoid haemorrhage and seizures, as in our case. This case is a pediatric patient with a giant brain aneurysm at a less common age and rare localization. Endovascular management was successful, adding information to the therapeutic spectrum in these cases. It is essential to perform a detailed angiographic investigation. Surgery is the treatment of choice; however, clinical trials are needed to clarify endovascular versus microsurgical management.
Abstract 1122‐000071: Large and Giant Intracranial Aneurysms, Clinico‐Radiological Outcome and Predictors with Flow Diverter Stent
Authors: Malky Islam El , Zakaria Ayman , Abdelhameed Essam , Abdelkhalek Hazem
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Endovascular treatment for large and giant aneurysms has included either a reconstructive approach or a deconstructive approach by parent artery occlusion. 1,2 Stent‐assisted coiling and balloon‐assisted coiling were alternative techniques developed to deal with such complex aneurysms, but studies have shown less expected efficacy. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of the flow diverter stents for treating large and giant intracranial aneurysms and to examine possible predictors for radiological and clinical outcomes such as location and presence of branching artery, bifurcation, and adjuvant coiling.

Methods
: This study had been conducted on 65 consecutive patients with 65 large and giant aneurysms (size ≥ 10 mm) treated with flow diverters; Periprocedural complications were reported in all patients and clinical outcomes. Follow‐up angiography was done for 60 patients (92.3%) at 12 months.

Results
: The study included 65 patients who harbored 65 aneurysms. The median age was 55.5 years (IQR: 44.25 ‐ 62.75 years), the female represented 70.8 % of all patients. The clinical presentation had been reported (Headache, cranial nerve palsy, motor deficit, seizures, and visual field defect in 40 patients (61.5%), nine patients (13.8%), seven patients (10.8%), five patients (7.7%), and four patients (6.2%) respectively. The vascular risk factors had been reviewed (HTN, DM, smoking, and Hyperlipidemia in 25 patients (9.2%), Six patients (9.2%), sixteen (24.6%), and 10 patients (15.4%) respectively). The median size of aneurysms was 16.4 mm (IQR: 12.50 ‐ 23.85 mm) and the median neck width was 7.15 mm (IQR: 5.85‐10.24 mm). Fourteen aneurysms (21.4 %) had previous treatment, eleven aneurysms (16.9%) were treated by coils only, one case (1.5%) by assisted procedure, one case (1.5%) by previous FDS, and parent artery occlusion in one case (1.5%). Complete occlusion in 50 from 60 aneurysms (83.4%), neck remnant in 8 aneurysms (13.3%), and sac remnant in two aneurysms (3.3%). Periprocedural problems were encountered in 14 patients (21.5%) with morbidity in six patients (9.2%) and mortality in one patient (1.5%). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to discover possible predictors of combined mortality and morbidity and occlusion in Table (1).

Conclusions
: From this study, it could be concluded that Endovascular treatment of the large and giant aneurysms with flow diverters represents a safe method for treating this kind of complex intracranial aneurysms. Complex aneurysms with branching artery and bifurcation were associated with aneurysm persistence and complications respectively while the location of the aneurysm was the only predictor for clinical outcome.
Abstract 1122‐000080: Remote Learning for Neuroendovascular Procedures During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Urbina John Vargas , Rodriguez‐Varela Rodolfo , Saal‐Zapata Giancarlo , Vargas‐Urbina John , Rodriguez‐Calienes Aaron
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Telemedicine coupled with teleproctoring have been a novel practice in the last months given the restrictive mobilization orders worldwide due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, generating the impossibility to travel and learn new techniques or bring a proctor to perform procedures on‐site. Previous papers have reported the benefits of remote proctoring for endovascular procedures using online platforms, whereas others proposed the use of more simple platforms and applications for telemedicine such as Zoom
Ò
, WhatsApp
Ò
or Google Glass
Ò
. Our study aimed to describe our experience in the implementation of remote learning for endovascular treatment of vascular lesions using a multicamera system streamed by a web‐based platform.

Methods
: Endovascular treatment of aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations, and chronic subdural hematomas were streamed through a multicamera system installed in the angiosuite and shared via Zoom® platform. Four main cameras projected the angiography monitors, the operator’s hands and the overview of the room.

Results
: Eleven cases were performed. Aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations and chronic subdural hematomas were treated by endovascular means. Preoperative angiographic setup, intraoperative endovascular technique and postoperative management were discussed during the live streaming. No technical problems were reported.

Conclusions
: Remote learning with online platforms is nowadays an important tool but not a substitute to hands‐on learning for endovascular procedures. We recommend its implementation during the COVID‐19 pandemic as a temporary substitute especially for trainees who do not have access to advanced endovascular interventions.
Abstract 1122‐000209: Cannabis and Cerebrovascular Outcomes: A National Registry Analysis
Authors: Mehta Amol , Siddiqui Neha , Fifi Johanna T , DeLeacy Reade
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Recreational and medical cannabis use in the United States has been increasing in recent years in light of state and federal efforts to decriminalize and legalize its use. Its legal status has long precluded extensive research into its adverse effects, especially as it pertains to the realm of vascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. To date, minimal research has been completed on the sequelae of cannabis in inpatient admissions for stroke.

Methods
: A query of the 2012–2015 Nationwide Inpatient Sample searched for patients admitted with stroke ICD‐9 diagnoses. These patients were then grouped by the presence of concurrent diagnosis of cannabis use disorder, and compared with respect to various peri‐ and postoperative complications, all‐cause mortality, discharge disposition, length of stay, and hospitalization costs. Propensity score matching was utilized to control for potential baseline confounders.

Results
: A total of 414,340 patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria, 6794 (1.64%) of whom had cannabis use disorder. After controlling for baseline characteristics, these patients had higher rates of inpatient mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.43; p = 0.01263), and non‐routine discharge, as well as increased lengths of stay (6.5 vs 5.7 days, p<0.001) and no significant difference in hospitalization charges ($67507 vs. $ 63328 10, p = 0.3918).

Conclusions
: Based on a national trends analysis, chronic cannabis use appears to be associated with increased perioperative morbidity and mortality among patients admitted for stroke diagnoses. Physicians should ensure affected patients be adequately informed of associated risks. Further research should include matching of risk factors not captured in databases.
Abstract 1122‐000226: Collaborative Stroke Pathway for In‐Patient Implantation of Long‐Term Cardiac Rhythm Monitors for Atrial Fibrillation Detection
Authors: Patel Priyadarshee , Munoz Alfredo , Miller Elan , Alam Shaista , Dharia Robin , Tzeng Diana , Bell Rodney , Jabbour Pascal , Rosenwasser Robert , Herial Nabeel
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a recognized risk factor of ischemic stroke and AF‐related stroke is twice more likely to prove fatal. Long‐term cardiac rhythm monitoring has greater diagnostic yield compared to conventional monitoring in detecting AF. Utility of implantable loop recorder (ILR) in detecting AF was established not only in patients with cryptogenic stroke but more recently in strokes due large artery atherosclerosis and small vessel disease Stroke AF trial. We present a collaborative care pathway and share multi‐year data on ILR implantation.

Methods
: A review of prospectively collected registry of ILR implantations performed at a Comprehensive stroke center was conducted. Data from 2017–2019 of in‐patient and out‐patient implantation was analyzed. Eligible patients identified by vascular neurology (VN) underwent in‐patient implantation primarily by interventional neurology (IN) and as out‐patient by electrophysiology Cardiology. In‐patient implant and programming were done on the day of discharge. Continuous monitoring was followed by EP Cardiology. AF detection was urgently communicated by EP Cardiology and anticoagulation initiated by VN. Patients lost to follow up or lacking information in medical records were excluded from analysis.

Results
: Total of 428 ILR implantations were performed over a period of 3 years (1/2017 ‐ 12/2019) with majority implants as in‐patient prior to discharge 290 (67.8%) and out‐patient 78 (32.2%). Inpatient ILR placement was noted to be 75% in 2017, 78% in 2018 and 80% in 2019. 57.2% of in‐patient ILRs were placed by IN and 42.8% by EP. Average time to in‐patient ILR was 4.1 days with 77% within 5, 18.5% within 10, and <5% within 11 or more days post‐stroke. Average time to out‐patient ILR placement was 57 days with only 16% within 15, 29% within 30 day and 53% in more than 30 days from stroke. Over the course of 2 years of monitoring, AFib was detected in 33% with false detection in 1.5% (19.6% in 2017, 26% in 2018 and 36.5% in 2019).

Conclusions
: A multispecialty collaborative care pathway to increase implantation rate in eligible patients is recommended. In‐patient implantation allows establishing continuity of care, patient retention, prevents lost to follow‐up, avoids delay in monitoring, and importantly decreases the risk of stroke recurrence by early initiation of anticoagulation.
Abstract 1122‐000227: Stenting Versus Medical Treatment for Chronic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusions: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Mau Cynthia Zevallos , Zevallos Cynthia B , Galecio‐Castillo Milagros , Ansari Sameer , Weng Julie , Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Dajles Andres , Quispe‐Orozco Darko , Mendez‐Ruiz Alan , Farooqui Mudassir , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Chronic internal carotid occlusion is responsible for 10–15% ischemic strokes or transit ischemic attacks (TIA). Subsequent ipsilateral ischemic stroke rate is 5.9% per year. However, this risk can increase up to 23% in two years in a subgroup of patients with poor collaterals regardless of medical therapy with antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents. Prevention of subsequent stroke in patients with carotid artery occlusion remains a difficult challenge. Carotid artery stenting (CAS) has recently been considered in its management. However, there is ambiguity on its safety. We aim to evaluate the safety and feasibility of CAS and compared it with medical management.

Methods
: We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare long‐term outcome (stroke recurrence) of current carotid occlusion treatments (CAS vs medical therapy). Two independent reviewers performed the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment. A random effects model was used for analysis.

Results
: A total of 5720 studies were screened. Of these, 11 studies were included in our systematic review and meta‐analysis of proportions. The CAS group has lower proportions of recurrent strokes (5% vs 30%,) after 30 days than medical therapy alone. Additionally, the proportion of periprocedural intracranial hemorrhage was 4.4% (95% CI 2.5 to 6.8) in the CAS group.

Conclusions
: CAS of the chronically occluded cervical ICA seems to be a safe procedure with lower rates of recurrent stroke in clinical follow up. Future randomized studies are warranted to guide the optimal management of this complex disease.
Abstract 1122‐000234: Hemorrhagic Conversion in Patients Undergoing MT with Concurrent IA tPA with or Without IV tPA/Anticoagulation
Authors: Charles Jude H , Vasu Saini , Simons Tyler , Yavagal Dileep R
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Introduction There is a growing body of literature on concurrent use of MT and IA tPA use in acute large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke, but few address the risk of IA tPA use in patients also receiving IV tPA or baseline anticoagulation1,23. This cohort study aims to assess the rate of improved functional outcome and complications in patients receiving MT plus IA tPA with or without IV‐tPA or baseline anticoagulation.

Methods
: In this single institution, retrospective cohort study, medical records of 114 patients undergoing MT who received concurrent IA‐tPA were identified and reviewed. Parameters such as age, sex, admission/discharge mRS scale and NIHSS score, INR, history of anticoagulation use, concomitant IV‐tPA and complications such as any hemorrhage and in hospital death were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups and two subgroups. First group included patients treated with IA‐tPA who also received IV‐tPA, had an INR above 1.7 or were on anticoagulation therapy. The second group was composed of patients who only received concurrent IA‐tPA. The primary outcomes were hemorrhage, all cause mortality, and good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale equal to or less than 2). The results were calculated and t‐test for two samples analysis was conducted with one‐tail p‐value (<0.05).

Results
: 74 patients were included in the first group receiving IA‐tPA with either IV‐tPA, or elevated INR or anticoagulated while 40 patients were in the only concurrent IA‐tPA group. 72% versus 60% of the groups respectively have an mRS less or equal to 2 on discharge, p‐value 0.07. 41% of the first group had some type of bleeding on repeat imaging compared to 25% in the IA‐tPA only group, p‐value 0.03. In a subgroup analysis, IV‐tPA alone without prior anticoagulation treatment or an elevated INR, when given in conjunction with IA‐tPA, was an independent risk factor that increased rate of bleeding, 42% versus 25% with a p‐value of 0.04 with an attributable risk of 32%. There was no difference in in‐hospital death rate between the groups.

Conclusions
: This study shows that in patients receiving MT with concurrent IA tPA with elevated INR>1.7, treatment with anticoagulation at baseline, or concomitant IV‐tPA use increases the risk of hemorrhagic conversion. Therefore, there is a need for careful selection of patients receiving concurrent IA‐tPA. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate which patient groups might maximally benefit from IA‐tPA.
Abstract 1122‐000236: Intravascular Delivery and Crosslinking of Photosensitive Hydrogels for Embolizing Animal Models of AVMs and Tumors
Authors: Ku Jerry C , Dobashi Yuta , Pasarikovski Christopher R , Ramjist Joel , Madden John , Walus Konrad , Yang Victor X
Published: December 2021

Introduction
: Embolization represents a minimally invasive treatment modality for arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), tumors, and other indications, but can be limited by currently available embolic agents, in terms of safety and efficacy. Discovery of new and improved agents could lead to better treatment outcomes. The goal of this project was to test a novel embolization methodology for the treatment of AVMs and tumors.

Methods
: We formulated low‐viscosity, shear‐thinning hydrogel formulations which were mixed with a photo‐initator agent and non‐ionic contrast medium. We then developed a method of intravascular hydrogel delivery with photo crosslinking at the tip of the catheter, using an integrated optical fibre. This allowed for rapid transition from a low viscosity liquid to a crosslinked solid‐state hydrogel to block blood flow to the vascular target. In addition, the UV intensity can be dynamically modulated, in real‐time, to modify the degree of crosslinking and thus the viscosity of the embolic agent. We utilized the swine rete mirabile as an animal model for AVMs, and the swine renal arterial tree (inferior segmental artery) as a model for hypervascular tumors. 5 animals were utilized without prior preparation. Embolization was graded based on degree of complete obliteration of the rete nidus or the renal arterial tree. Any non‐target embolization or other complications were recorded. Follow‐up angiography was performed at the 4‐week interval.

Results
: With a combination of shear‐thinning properties and dynamic modulation of photo crosslinking, we show that we are able to deliver an embolic agent with a viscosity range of up to 10^4 Pa*s through a single low viscosity precursor that is injectable through microcatheters (Figure 1). Using this methodology, hydrogel embolization was technically successful in all animals. Following embolization, 4/5 rete mirabile and 5/5 inferior renal arterial trees were completely obliterated. Representative angiographic images are shown in Figures 2 and 3. There were no instances of clinical or angiographic complications.

Conclusions
: We demonstrated a novel method of intravascular delivery of low viscosity photosensitive hydrogels, with photo crosslinking at the tip of the catheter, to successfully embolize animal models for AVMs and tumors. This promising technology will be investigated further with longer‐term comparative animal trials.
Deep Learning for Text Style Transfer: A Survey
Authors: Jin Di , Jin Zhijing , Hu Zhiting , Vechtomova Olga , Mihalcea Rada
Published: December 2021

Text style transfer is an important task in natural language generation, which aims to control certain attributes in the generated text, such as politeness, emotion, humor, and many others. It has a long history in the field of natural language processing, and recently has re-gained significant attention thanks to the promising performance brought by deep neural models. In this article, we present a systematic survey of the research on neural text style transfer, spanning over 100 representative articles since the first neural text style transfer work in 2017. We discuss the task formulation, existing datasets and subtasks, evaluation, as well as the rich methodologies in the presence of parallel and non-parallel data. We also provide discussions on a variety of important topics regarding the future development of this task.1
The Impact of Short-Term Employment for Low-Income Youth: Experimental Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Beam Emily A. , Quimbo Stella
Published: December 2021

We use a randomized field experiment to test the causal impact of short-term work experience on employment and school enrollment among disadvantaged, in-school youth in the Philippines. This experience leads to a 4.4 percentage point (79%) increase in employment eight to twelve months later. Although we find no aggregate increase in enrollment, we also do not find that the employment gains push youth out of school. Our results are most consistent with work experience serving as a signal of unobservable applicant quality, and these findings highlight the role of temporary work as a stepping stone to employment for low-income youth.
Positive Spillovers from Infrastructure Investment: How Pipeline Expansions Encourage Fuel Switching
Authors: Scott Jonathan B.
Published: December 2021

This paper studies the role of the U.S. pipeline infrastructure in the country's transition from coal to natural gas energy. I leverage the Environmental Protection Agency's Mercury and Air Toxics Standards as a plausibly exogenous intervention, which encouraged many coal plants to convert to natural gas. Combining this quasi-experimental variation with a plant's preexisting proximity to the pipeline network, I isolate implied pipeline connection costs within a dynamic discrete choice model of plant conversions. Key model results indicate that infrastructure-related costs prevent $9 billion in emissions reductions from taking place, suggesting a $2.4 million per mile external benefit of pipeline expansions.
Indigenous Rights and covid-19 – Indigenous Land and Health Under Serious Threat in Brazil
Authors: Carstens Margret
Published: December 2021

This article analyses the impact of covid-19 on the rights of indigenous peoples, particularly in Brazil. It deals with the current situation of the Brazilian indigenous peoples, the impacts of the pandemic, the rights created on the adoption of protective sanitary measures for indigenous people and land rights in Brazil. Does the Brazilian government comply with international law, with constitutional rights of indigenous peoples in the current covid-19 crisis, particularly with the Brazilian Supreme Court decision on the adoption of protective sanitary measures for indigenous people? With a focus on the 2020 Report of the Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, this paper will identify and examine the gaps in protection of the indigenous peoples rights by reason of the impact of the covid-19 crisis. This paper argues that the crisis is misused as an occasion for land invasions, deforestation, forest fires and the denial of basic indigenous rights. Especially in Brazil, a transformative change, an emergency support for indigenous peoples, and a still stand agreement on logging and extractive industries operating next to indigenous communities are needed. Brazilian ngo statements give guidelines as to how to manage the threats of the present pandemic on indigenous peoples of Brazil. The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, the United Nations and the International Labour Organisation all offer further relevant suggestions as to how to address the serious impacts in the response to and the aftermath of this crisis.
On the Legitimacy and Effectivity of the World Bank and Its Pandenic Emergency Financing Facility (‘PEF’) at the Time of the covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Seatzu Francesco
Published: December 2021

Pandemic financing has in the current climate of disruption and turmoil of an ongoing global pandemic become the most highly debated and controversial issue within the field of international public health law and policy. From the perspective of international public health law and policy, a precondition for success is that financial resources and funds are employed in an effective manner. Whether the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (‘World Bank’ or ‘WB’) and the Pandemic Emergency Financing Facility (‘PEF’) – a financing mechanism housed at the WB – may be perceived as effective public health players shall be established by referring to their mandates, their inherent capacity for enhancing accepted global legal standards and rules on public health and their funding methods and practices. After the affirmation and consolidation of its role in the public health sector in the early 1990s, the WB has rapidly accredited itself as the most active intergovernmental institution dealing with pandemic and epidemic financing. Its direct involvement in public health trust funds, such as the Avian Flu Trust Fund Facility and the Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Multi-Donor Fund (the HEPRF), and its lending practices and internal policies and procedures were of crucial significance in this respect. Considering that acceptance of international institutions, including international financial institutions, has always been conditioned by their acknowledgment as legally legitimate, legitimacy is regarded as closely connected to effectiveness. The criteria for establishing legitimacy in relation to international financial institutions are increasingly, amongst others, the respect and promotion of rule of law standards in the recipient states. From this perspective, the WB’s functional and management structures, but not the PEF’s structures and management, have made noteworthy progress, and notwithstanding some deficiencies and peculiarities they present several elements of legitimate decision-making.
Ordering Institutions: The Judicial Function of the Permanent Court of International Justice in Relation to Interwar Organizations
Authors: Burton Philip
Published: December 2021

The Permanent Court played a vital role in the emergence of the law of international organizations. Existing accounts of this development focus on the Court’s conception of organizations. This paper argues that this interpretation underappreciates the controversy regarding the performance of the Permanent Court’s judicial function and its place within the inter-war institutional order. Crucially, it is claimed that initially the Permanent Court adopted the perspective of an authoritative interpreter, limiting the scope for recognising the autonomy of organizations. However, the Court began to adopt a more restrained conception of its judicial function and recognised that international organizations possessed a form of compétence de la compétence. This recognition paved the way for a ‘law of international organizations’ to emerge, but, crucially, was not based on any revised understanding of what it meant to ‘be’ an international organization, but rather, on what it meant to ‘be’ an international court.
In Chase of ‘Modern Religiosity’
Authors: Goshadze Mariam
Published: December 2021

In the spring of 2020, when theCOVID-19 pandemic rapidly spread through the four corners of the world, Christian Orthodox churches were caught in the age-old altercation with science. Tensions condensed around a small material object—the communion spoon—and its potential to transmit the virus. The article examines the ensuing Eucharist-related debates between ‘liberal secularists’ and followers of the Orthodox Church of Georgia: namely, the former’s selective juxtaposition of abstract ‘faith’ against religious practice due to the latter’s alleged incongruity with modernity. The goal of this article is to illuminate the underlying discourse behind these accusations, which in turn draws on the notion of ‘modern religiosity’ informed by post-Reformation ideals.
Worship of Shrines in Armenia
Authors: Antonyan Yulia
Published: December 2021

In this article, the author tries to trace the trajectories of Soviet and post-Soviet transformations of vernacular religiosity in Armenia, in particular, the cult of shrines. She argues that the cult of shrines and related manifestations of vernacular religion were consistently reconceptualized, first, in the period of Soviet secularization and modernization, and, secondly, in the period of post-Soviet and post-secular transformations of the Armenian society. The Soviet modernity led to ‘neo-archaization’ of vernacular religious practice by instrumentalizing some pre-institutional forms and manifestations of religiosity. The post-secular reconceptualization of vernacular religion draws upon new realities, such as mobile/virtual religiosity, new religious materiality, commodification and consumerism, and a new, modernized interplay between institutional and non-institutional dimensions of religion(s).
De-Linking the Elementary Curriculum from the Colonizing Forces of Ableism
Authors: Karmiris Maria
Published: December 2021

What does it mean to teach and learn about becoming human amidst disability and race in the elementary school classroom? This broad question guides my conceptual paper here in a manner that focuses on the fruitful possibilities at the intersections between the fields of disability studies and decolonial studies. The first part of this paper intends to explore how the concepts of “dysconscious racism” (King, 1991, p. 133) and “dysconscious ableism” (Broderick and Lalvani, 2017, p. 894) are useful tools through which to conduct an analysis of how our education system remains rooted in the practices of exclusion and/or conditional inclusion that continue to valorize a subjective self steeped in western colonial logics. Through decolonial studies and Global South disability studies, the second portion of this paper seeks to question the limits of strategies of resistance that reinforce western-centric conceptions of the self while also making a case for interdependence.
Schistidium foraminis-martini sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae), a high mountain calcicole from the European Alps molecularly related to S. agassizii
Authors: KIEBACHER THOMAS , KÖCKINGER HERIBERT , BLOM HANS H.
Published: December 2021

Schistidium foraminis-martini is described as a new species from the Austrian and Swiss Alps. The taxon is characterized by a warm brown coloration, ovate, concave and muticous leaves with rounded apices, ellipsoid capsules, constricted at mouth, the presence of stomata and a reduced, truncate peristome. Based on sequences of the ITS region the new species is phylogenetically rather isolated, exhibiting the closest relationship to S. agassizii which shares the muticous leaves but differs in having narrowly lingulate-lanceolate, almost flat leaves, cyathiform capsules and a perfect peristome. Schistidium foraminis-martini grows on moist calcareous rocks in the alpine and nival belt.