bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achieving property valuation accuracy in developing countries: the implication of data source
Authors: Abidoye Rotimi Boluwatife , Chan Albert P.C.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The demand for accurate property value estimation by valuation report end users has led to a shift towards advanced property valuation modelling techniques in some property markets and these require a sizeable number of data set to function. In a situation where there is a lack of a centralised transaction data bank, scholars and practitioners usually collect data from different sources for analysis, which could affect the accuracy of property valuation estimates. This study aims to establish the suitability of different data sources that are reliable for estimating accurate property values.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the Lagos metropolis property market, Nigeria, as the study area. Transaction data of residential properties are collected from two sources, i.e. from real estate firms (selling price) and listing prices from an online real estate company. A portion of the collected data is fitted into the artificial neural network (ANN) model, which is used to predict the remaining property prices. The holdout sample data are predicted with the developed ANN models. Thereafter, the predicted prices and the actual prices are compared so as to establish which data set generates the most accurate property valuation estimates.

Findings

It is found that the listing data (listing prices) produced an encouraging mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values compared with the firms’ data (selling prices). An MAPE value of 26.93 and 29.96 per cent was generated from the listing and firms’ data, respectively. A larger proportion of the predicted listing prices had property valuation error of margin that is within the industry acceptable standard of between ±0 and 10 per cent, compared with the predicted selling prices. Also, a higher valuation accuracy was recorded in properties with lower values, compared with expensive properties.

Practical implications

The opaqueness in real estate transactions consummated in developing nations could be attributed to why selling prices (data) could not produce more accurate valuation estimates in this study than listing prices. Despite the encouraging results produced using listing prices, there is still an urgent need to maintain a robust and quality property data bank in developing nations, as obtainable in most developed nations, so as to achieve a sustainable global property valuation practice.

Originality/value

This study does not investigate the relationship between listing prices and selling prices, which has been conducted in previous studies, but examines their suitability to improve property valuation accuracy in an emerging property market. The findings of this study would be useful in property markets where property transaction data bank is not available.
Library and information science research in BRICS countries
Authors: Tripathi Manorama , Jeevan V.K.J. , Babbar Parveen , Mahemei Lohrii Kaini
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to highlight the research output of library and information science of the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa) nations during the ten year period, i.e. 2005-2014, as reflected through the Web of Science database.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used Social Science Index (SSCI) of Web of Science (WoS) citation database to collect data for the ten year period. All records indexed in SSCI were refined by subject area of “Information Science and Library Science” and selected countries. The downloaded results were analyzed by using specific parameters.

Findings

WoS indexes different kinds of documents, such as articles, conference proceedings, biographical items, book reviews, corrections, editorial material, letters, reprints and reviews. Out of the BRICS output, almost 90 per cent of papers were articles. Other types of documents included conference papers, review papers and book reviews. China contributed nearly half of the documents followed by Brazil, South Africa, India and Russia. On an average, a document had cited 34 references. More than one-third of records did not receive any citations. It has been observed that the titles that had 11-16 words attracted the most number of citations. The top ten publishers in whose journals the researchers published included Emerald, Elsevier and Springer. The primary subject areas were information science and library science, information systems, interdisciplinary applications and management. About 85 per cent of the documents were published in English. Around 93 per cent of the non-English research publications were in Portuguese, the official language of Brazil.

Originality/value

There are not many studies on BRICS countries and that too about Library and Information Science (LIS) research output. This study may reveal insights into how LIS researchers interact with local and global issues in a specific spectrum of the world community.
Knowledge management for poverty eradication: a South African perspective
Authors: Fombad Madeleine
Published: April 2018

Purpose

This paper aims to explore poverty issues in South Africa, to investigate some of the key contributions that knowledge management can make in the eradication of poverty and to suggest a strategy of knowledge management for poverty eradication in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a conceptual paper. Secondary data sources, in the form of journal articles, policy documents, newspaper articles and the internet, were consulted.

Findings

This paper contributes to the debates on moving towards an integrated poverty strategy that goes beyond reducing poverty by simply raising national income. The paper advocates for a contextualised knowledge management strategy tailored to specific poverty intervention projects and communities. It also suggests that a knowledge management strategy will result in permanent investment in knowledge and the human development of people.

Research limitations/implications

Given that this is a conceptual paper, the paper recommends empirical future studies that will implement this strategy within specific poverty-stricken communities in the country.

Practical/implications

The paper raises awareness among policy and decision-makers of the importance of knowledge management as a tool for poverty eradication. In the knowledge economy, knowledge assets – other than the tangible assets of financial capital and local infrastructure – are the prime creator of wealth. It adds to the body of knowledge on knowledge management for poverty eradication by the World Bank and other international organisations.

Social implications

A knowledge management strategy will create an environment in which human development is attained and the minds of the poor are transformed. It will enhance policy formulation and implementation, empower the poor and create a learning organisation.

Originality/value

The paper presents a proposed strategy for knowledge management for poverty eradication in South Africa.
Factors affecting consumers’ online product review use
Authors: O’Reilly Kelley A. , MacMillan Amy , Mumuni Alhassan G. , Lancendorfer Karen M.
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine factors affecting the extent of consumers’ use of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM), specifically online product reviews (OPRs), during their decision-making process. It also examines their motives for using OPRs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses an exploratory qualitative research methodology involving observation and free-flowing face-to-face interviews with consumers who have previously made a purchase online and who read OPRs during the decision-making process. An adaptation of the grounded theory method is used for collection, coding and data analysis.

Findings

Findings confirm previously uncovered motives for consumers’ use of OPRs. In addition, the findings suggest that two previously unidentified factors influence the extent of consumers’ use of OPRs: “decision-making drive” and “decision-making drag”. Decision-making drive is a mental momentum created when one or more factors that enhance decision-making readiness are present. This momentum tends to accelerate the decision-making process and shorten the information search process, leading to a reduction in the extent of OPR use. In contrast, decision-making drag is a mental resistance created when one or more factors that impede decision-making readiness are present. This resistance tends to decelerate the decision-making process and lengthen the information search process, leading to an increase in the extent of OPR use.

Originality/value

Focused on the pre-consumption phase of eWOM, between the stages of product need recognition and information search, this study is the first to identify decision-making drive and decision-making drag as additional psychological mechanisms affecting the extent of OPR use by consumers. For marketers, understanding these mechanisms has strategic marketing implications that can provide guidance to brands, websites and online review systems.
Chatting while you work
Authors: Stieve Thomas , Wallace Niamh
Published: April 2018

Purpose

To understand chat reference user needs at the University of Arizona Libraries, this study aims to analyze the differences in READ (Reference Effort Assessment Data) scores and content from two different chat reference origins: the library website and, course sites within the campus course management system, Desire2Learn.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors have used a mixed methods approach, whereby ordinal regression has been performed on READ scores and grounded theory on chat transcripts in the analysis of themes. This content comparison offers insight into the variations of how and why users ask for help at different chat reference service points.

Findings

The results of the content comparison inform the understanding of the reasons behind library users’ needs and questions at various stages in their academic workflow. The analysis also has implications for future chat reference training, as well as underscores the need for continued integration of library services and resources into online educational technology systems.

Practical implications

The findings support the importance of collocating research/reference support and course content, and underscore the value of library integration with course management systems. The analysis also serves as user-needs assessment data, with the potential to inform library services beyond reference, such as information literacy instruction or collection development.

Originality/value

This study aims to fill a gap in the literature by investigating differences in chat reference transcripts based on chat reference origin.
The effects of craving on implicit cognitive mechanisms involved in risk behavior: can dialectical behavior therapy in therapeutic communities make a difference? A pilot study
Authors: Rabinovitz Sharon , Nagar Maayan
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine pre- to post-change in two components of implicit cognitive functioning following craving induction – attentional bias (AB) and executive control – of patients in a long-term drug-free residential treatment center that incorporated dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) with usual therapeutic community (TC) practices.

Design/methodology/approach

Three groups of alcohol and cannabis dependent female adolescents were compared: pre-treatment (n=12), following four months of treatment (n=11), and following 12 months of treatment (n=7).

Findings

The results indicate significantly lower AB (as measured by visual probe task) and improved response inhibition (as measured by stop signal task) under craving conditions, after 12 months of DBT.

Research limitations/implications

Naturalistic character of the study did not allow the use of repeated measures design, drug using control groups, randomized clinical trial, or performing a longitudinal follow-up. However, the findings show that DBT for drug abusing female adolescents in a long-term residential setting may be an effective intervention to enhance cognitive and executive functions critical to the risk chain involved in relapse and recidivism, supporting the implementation of DBT in TC residential settings.

Originality/value

This is the first research paper that examined effects of DBT+TC on substance dependent female adolescents’ cognitive mechanisms using well-validated behavioral tasks. The research provides some empirical evidence for the improvement in AB and response inhibition under craving conditions following treatment.
Therapeutic alliance dimensions and dropout in a therapeutic community: “Bond with me and I will stay”
Authors: Janeiro Luís , Ribeiro Eugénia , Faísca Luís , Lopez Miguel María José
Published: April 2018

Purpose

A better therapeutic alliance at the beginning of treatment for addictive behaviours has been found to prevent dropout. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate how the development of therapeutic alliance dimensions was associated with the dropout prevention.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 23 participants presented a substance use disorder related to heroin or cocaine and were in three distinct treatment phases of a therapeutic community. Each participant filled in the therapeutic alliance measures once a week after mini-groups. A naturalistic prospective research design was used to collate 198 repeated alliance measures.

Findings

Participants who presented stable bond development at higher levels tended to stay in treatment, whereas those who developed stable bonds at lower levels tended to drop out. The goals and tasks dimension increased significantly across the phases and was not associated with dropout.

Practical implications

To prevent dropout, therapists should pay special attention to residents who manifest difficulties in establishing stable and secure bonds and not overestimate the impact of the goals and tasks alliance dimension, as it is not a failsafe indicator of treatment retention.

Originality/value

The alliance dimensions were differentiated (bond, goals and tasks) and studied throughout the treatment, pointing out the importance of therapeutic relationship dynamic variables to prevent dropout.
Scale effects on modelling the seismic signature of gas: results from an outcrop analogue
Authors: Mangriotis Maria‐Daphne , MacBeth Colin , Briceño Angel
Published: April 2018

Numerous examples of reservoir fields from continental and marine environments involve thin‐bedded geology, yet, the inter‐relationship between thin‐bedded geology, fluid flow and seismic wave propagation is poorly understood. In this paper, we explore the 4D seismic signature due to saturation changes of gas within thin layers, and address the challenge of identifying the relevant scales and properties, which correctly define the geology, fluid flow and seismic wave propagation in the field. Based on the study of an outcrop analogue for a thin‐bedded turbidite, we model the time‐lapse seismic response to fluid saturation changes for different levels of model scale, and explore discrepancies in quantitative seismic attributes caused by upscaling. Our model reflects the geological complexity associated with thin‐bedded turbidites, and its coupling to fluid flow, which in turn affects the gas saturation distribution in space, and its time‐lapse seismic imprint. Rock matrix and fluid properties are modelled after selected fields to reproduce representative field models with realistic impedance contrasts. In addition, seismic modelling includes multiples, in order to assess their contribution in seismic propagation through thin gas layers. Our results show that multiples could contribute significantly to the measured amplitudes in the case of thin‐bedded geology. This suggests that forward/inverse modelling involving the flow simulation and seismic domains used in time‐lapse seismic interpretation should account for thin layers, when these are present in the geological setting.
Reduction in baseline corticosterone secretion correlates with climate warming and drying across wild lizard populations
Authors: Dupoué Andréaz , Rutschmann Alexis , Le Galliard Jean François , Clobert Jean , Blaimont Pauline , Sinervo Barry , Miles Donald B. , Haussy Claudy , Meylan Sandrine
Published: April 2018

Climate change should lead to massive loss of biodiversity in most taxa, but the detailed physiological mechanisms underlying population extinction remain largely elusive so far. In vertebrates, baseline levels of hormones such as glucocorticoids (GCs) may be indicators of population state as their secretion to chronic stress can impair survival and reproduction. However, the relationship between GC secretion, climate change and population extinction risk remains unclear.

In this study, we investigated whether levels of baseline corticosterone (the main GCs in reptiles) correlate with environmental conditions and associated extinction risk across wild populations of the common lizard Zootoca vivipara.

First, we performed a cross‐sectional comparison of baseline corticosterone levels along an altitudinal gradient among 14 populations. Then, we used a longitudinal study in eight populations to examine the changes in corticosterone levels following the exposure to a heatwave period.

Unexpectedly, baseline corticosterone decreased with increasing thermal conditions at rest in females and was not correlated with extinction risk. In addition, baseline corticosterone levels decreased after exposure to an extreme heatwave period. This seasonal corticosterone decrease was more pronounced in populations without access to standing water.

We suggest that low basal secretion of corticosterone may entail downregulating activity levels and limit exposure to adverse climatic conditions, especially to reduce water loss. These new insights suggest that rapid population decline might be preceded by a downregulation of the corticosterone secretion.
Reliability of the Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs‐OT)
Authors: Unsworth Carolyn A. , Timmer Amanda , Wales Kylie
Published: April 2018

Background/aim

The delivery of evidence‐based health care requires the routine adoption of outcome measures that are valid and reliable. The Australian Therapy Outcome Measures for Occupational Therapy (AusTOMs‐OT) was developed in Australia to capture a global snapshot of status for any client, and has preliminary psychometric evidence to support use. Building on the psychometric evidence of the AusTOMs‐OT will provide therapists and researchers with further information as to how best to apply the AusTOMs‐OT in their field. This study reports on the reliability of the 12 AusTOMs‐OT scales, which are each scored on the four domains of Impairment, Activity Limitation, Participation Restriction and Distress/Wellbeing.

Methods

A total of 31 occupational therapists rated 12 written case studies on two occasions, separated by two weeks. Test–retest reliability, inter‐rater reliability, intra‐rater reliability (using intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs)) and measurement error were calculated, in line with the COnsensus‐based guidelines for the Selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).

Results

The ICCs for inter‐rater reliability for all domains for all scales ranged from 0.531 to 0.922 suggesting moderate to very high reliability. Therapist intra‐rater reliability ranged from ICC 0.675 to 1.000, suggesting moderate to high consistency. The stability of the scales was demonstrated with test–retest ICCs coefficients ranging from 0.616 to 0.960. The measurement error was found to be below 0.5 point for all scales and domains except for Scale 1, Impairment (just over at 0.604) and similarly the error range for each scale was also all below 1 point except Scale 1, Impairment.

Conclusion

The AusTOMs‐OT scales possess moderate to very high reliability across the 12 scales. Occupational therapists can continue to use AusTOMs‐OT with confidence with all clients to establish global outcomes and to build evidence to underpin practice.
TRPV4 activates cytosolic phospholipase A2 via Ca2+‐dependent PKC/ERK1/2 signalling in controlling hypertensive contraction
Authors: Li Hongjuan , Kan Hao , He Chao , Zhang Xiaodong , Yang Zhenyu , Jin Jian , Zhang Peng , Ma Xin
Published: April 2018

Activation of TRPV4 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 4) has been reported to result in endothelium‐dependent contraction in the aortae of hypertensive mice. This contraction involved increased cPLA2 (cytosolic phospholipase A2) activity. The mechanism by which TRPV4 regulates cPLA2 activity to induce contraction in hypertension, however, is unknown. Through measurements of arterial tension and protein level, we showed that high‐salt diet induced hypertension increases activity of PKC (protein kinase C) and ERK1/2 (extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2). GSK1016790A, a TRPV4 agonist and ACh (acetylcholine) induced contractions were suppressed by Go6983, a PKC inhibitor and PD98059, an ERK1/2 inhibitor. TRPV4 activation increased activity of PKC and ERK1/2 in endothelial cells from hypertensive mice and this response was suppressed by HC067047, a TRPV4 inhibitor and BAPTA/AM, a Ca2+ chelator. PLA2 assay and western blotting showed that blocking of PKC or ERK1/2 inhibited TRPV4 or ACh‐induced cPLA2 activity. Enzyme immunoassay showed that GSK1016790A or ACh triggered the release of PGF2α (prostaglandin F2α) was reduced by inhibition of PKC or ERK1/2. These data further suggest Ca2+/PKC/ERK1/2 axis as a novel mechanism for TRPV4 in the activation of cPLA2 in hypertension.
‘Se llevaron el padre de mis hijos’: Latina mothers coping with the deportation of their partner
Authors: Escobar Jessica , Falconier Mariana , Muruthi Bertranna
Published: April 2018

In recent years, Latinos in the U.S. have been significantly impacted by increasing deportation rates. This study aimed to explore the experiences of Latina women whose partners were deported and how women managed these events guided by the Double ABCX Model of Family Stress. Qualitative semi‐structured interviews were administered to a community sample of 8 Latina women from the greater D.C. metropolitan area whose partners had been deported between 1 and 10 years ago. All women had at least one child under the age of 18 years living in the home at the time of the deportation. Data were analyzed using Thematic Analysis. Findings suggest that despite facing numerous stressors, women rely on various resources to overcome consequences resulting from their partner's deportation including religious resources, family and friends, and social service agencies. Implications for clinical practice and recommendations for future research are discussed.

Practitioner points

Women in the current study took steps to seek formal sources of support despite the fact that many had unauthorized legal status

Clinicians or service providers can partner with local churches in the immigrant community to provide support and resources for this population

Clinicians can help parents with age appropriate ways of telling children that a family member has been deported

对实务工作者的启示

“他们带走了孩子他爸”：伴侣被驱逐出境之后的拉丁裔母亲

本研究中的妇女采取措施寻求官方的支持来源，尽管许多人并不具有合法身份

临床医生或服务提供者可以与移民社区的当地教会合作，为这一群体提供支持和资源

临床医生可以帮助父母采用适合孩子年龄段的方式告诉孩子家人被驱逐出境

Puntos de implicación práctica

Las mujeres en el estudio tomaron medidas para buscar fuentes formales de apoyo a pesar del hecho de que muchas tenían un estatus legal no autorizado

Los clínicos o proveedores de servicios podrían asociarse con las iglesias locales en la comunidad de inmigrantes para brindar apoyo y recursos a esta población

Los clínicos pueden ayudar a los padres, con formas apropiadas para la edad, en la labor de decirle a los niños que un miembro de su familia ha sido deportado
Privileges and penalties in the legal profession: an intersectional analysis of career progression
Authors: Tomlinson Jennifer , Valizade Danat , Muzio Daniel , Charlwood Andy , Aulakh Sundeep
Published: April 2018

Intersectionality theory is concerned with integrating social characteristics to better understanding complex human relations and inequalities in organizations and societies (McCall 2005). Recently, intersectionality research has taken a categorical and quantitative turn as scholars critically adopt but retain existing social categories to explain differences in labour market outcomes. A key contention is that social categories carry penalties or privileges and their intersection promotes or hinders the life chances of particular groups and individuals. An emergent debate is whether the intersection of disadvantaged characteristics (such as female gender or minority ethnic status) produce penalties that are additive, multiplicative or ameliorative. Research is inconclusive and as yet pays little attention to moderating factors such as employer type, size, geographic location or work profile. Drawing on administrative records for individuals qualified as solicitors in England and Wales, collected by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA), combined with aggregated workforce data and firm characteristics of their law firms, we undertake a statistical analysis of the intersection of gender and ethnicity in the profession with a degree of precision and nuance not previously possible. In response to calls to broaden studies of inequalities and intersectionality beyond their effect on pay or income (Castilla 2008) we focus on career progression to partnership as our key measure of success. The original contribution of our study is twofold. First, we establish statistically different profiles of law firms, showing how the solicitors’ profession is stratified by gender, ethnicity and socio‐economic background, as well as the type of legal work undertaken by developing a model of socio‐economic stratification in the profession. Second, we demonstrate that while penalties tend to be additive (i.e. the sum of the individual ethnic and gender penalties) this varies significantly by law firm profile and in some situations the effect is ameliorative.
Controlling immigration? How regulations affect migration flows
Authors: HELBLING MARC , LEBLANG DAVID
Published: April 2018

The aim of this article is to investigate whether or not and how immigration policies affect immigration flows. Such policy impacts have hardly been investigated so far as the necessary data is lacking. For the first time, two new datasets are combined to systematically measure immigration policies and bilateral migration flows for 33 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) destination countries from over 170 countries of origin over the period 1982–2010. The study finds that immigration policies have an important effect on immigration flows and thus that states are able to control their borders. To some extent the control capacities depend on other factors in attracting or deterring immigrants. The article shows that the deterrence effect of restrictive immigration policies increases when unemployment rates are high. It appears that, in these contexts, states start to care more about effectively protecting their national economy. Moreover, policies are more effective for migrant groups from former colonies or when the stock of this group is already high in a destination country. In these circumstances, information on border regulations are more easily disseminated, which in turn makes them more effective.
The earliest Timematids in Burmese amber reveal diverse tarsal pads of stick insects in the mid‐Cretaceous
Authors: Chen Sha , Deng Shi‐Wo , Shih Chungkun , Zhang Wei‐Wei , Zhang Peng , Ren Dong , Zhu Yi‐Ning , Gao Tai‐Ping
Published: April 2018

Many extant insects have developed pad structures, euplantulae or arolia on their tarsi to increase friction or enhance adhesion for better mobility. Many polyneopteran insects with euplantulae, for example, Grylloblattodea, Mantophasmatodea and Orthoptera, have been described from the Mesozoic. However, the origin and evolution of stick insects’ euplantulae are poorly understood due to rare fossil records. Here, we report the earliest fossil records of Timematodea hitherto,Tumefactipes prolongatesgen. et sp. nov. andGranosicorpes liratesgen. et sp. nov., based on three specimens from mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber. Specimens ofTumefactipes prolongatesgen. et sp. nov. have extremely specialized and expanded euplantulae on their tarsomere II. These new findings are the first known and the earliest fossil records about euplantula structure within Phasmatodea, demonstrating the diversity of euplantulae in Polyneoptera during the Mesozoic. Such tarsal pads might have increased friction and helped these mid‐Cretaceous stick insects to climb more firmly on various surfaces, such as broad leaves, wetted tree branches or ground. These specimens provide more morphological data for us to understand the relationships of Timematodea, Euphasmatodea, Orthoptera and Embioptera, suggesting that Timematodea might be monophyletic with Euphasmatodea rather than Embioptera and Phasmatodea should have a closer relationship with Orthoptera rather than Embioptera.
Interactions Between Flavonoid‐Rich Extracts and Sodium Caseinate Modulate Protein Functionality and Flavonoid Bioaccessibility in Model Food Systems
Authors: Elegbede Jennifer L. , Li Min , Jones Owen G. , Campanella Osvaldo H. , Ferruzzi Mario G.
Published: April 2018

With growing interest in formulating new food products with added protein and flavonoid‐rich ingredients for health benefits, direct interactions between these ingredient classes becomes critical in so much as they may impact protein functionality, product quality, and flavonoids bioavailability. In this study, sodium caseinate (SCN)‐based model products (foams and emulsions) were formulated with grape seed extract (GSE, rich in galloylated flavonoids) and green tea extract (GTE, rich in nongalloylated flavonoids), respectively, to assess changes in functional properties of SCN and impacts on flavonoid bioaccessibility. Experiments with pure flavonoids suggested that galloylated flavonoids reduced air‐water interfacial tension of 0.01% SCN dispersions more significantly than nongalloylated flavonoids at high concentrations (>50 μg/mL). This observation was supported by changes in stability of 5% SCN foam, which showed that foam stability was increased at high levels of GSE (≥50 μg/mL, P < 0.05) but was not affected by GTE. However, flavonoid extracts had modest effects on SCN emulsion. In addition, galloylated flavonoids had higher bioaccessibility in both SCN foam and emulsion. These results suggest that SCN‐flavonoid binding interactions can modulate protein functionality leading to difference in performance and flavonoid bioaccessibility of protein‐based products.

Practical Application

As information on the beneficial health effects of flavonoids expands, it is likely that usage of these ingredients in consumer foods will increase. However, the necessary levels to provide such benefits may exceed those that begin to impact functionality of the macronutrients such as proteins. Flavonoid inclusion within protein matrices may modulate protein functionality in a food system and modify critical consumer traits or delivery of these beneficial plant‐derived components. The product matrices utilized in this study offer relevant model systems to evaluate how fortification with flavonoid‐rich extracts allows for differing effects on formability and stability of the protein‐based systems, and on bioaccessibility of fortified flavonoid extracts.
Exsolution Lamellae in Olivine Grains of Dunite Units from Different Types of Mafic‐Ultramafic Complexes
Authors: LIANG Zi , XIAO Yan , THAKURTA Joyashish , SU Benxun , CHEN Chen , BAI Yang , SAKYI Patrick A.
Published: April 2018

Exsolution microstructures in olivine grains from dunite units in a few selected tectonic environments are reported here. They include lamellae of clinopyroxene and clinopyroxene‐magnetite intergrowth in the Gaositai and Yellow Hill Alaskan‐type complexes, clinopyroxene‐magnetite intergrowth in the Kızıldağ ophiolite, and chromite lamellae in the Hongshishan mafic‐ultramafic intrusive complex. These lamellae commonly occur as needle‐ or rod‐like features and are oriented in olivine grains. The host olivine grains have Fo contents of 92.5–92.6 in the Gaositai complex, 86.5–90.1 in the Yellow Hill complex, 93.2–93.4 in the Kızıldağ ophiolite and 86.9–88.3 in the Hongshishan complex. Clinopyroxene in the rod‐like intergrowth exsolved in olivine grains in the Gaositai and Yellow Hill is diopside with similar major element compositions of CaO (23.6–24.3wt%), SiO2 (52.2–54.0wt%), Al2O3 (0.67–2.15wt%), Cr2O3 (0.10–0.42wt%) and Na2O (0.14–0.26wt%). It falls into the compositional field of hydrothermal clinopyroxene and its origin is thus probably related to reaction between dunite and fluids. The enrichment of the fluids in Ca2+, Fe3+, Cr3+ and Na+, resulted in elevated concentrations of these cations in olivine solid solutions via the reaction. With decreasing temperature, the olivine solid solutions altered to an intergrowth of magnetite and clinopyroxene. The Fe3+ and Cr3+ preferentially partitioned into magnetite, while Ca2+ and Na+ entered clinopyroxene. Since the studied Alaskan‐type complexes and ophiolite formed in a subduction environment, the fluids were probably released from the subducted slab. In contrast, the exsolved chromite in olivine grains from the Hongshishan complex that formed in post‐orogenic extension setting can be related to olivine equilibrated with Cr‐bearing liquid. Similarly, these lamellae have all been observed in serpentine surrounding olivine grains, indicating genetic relations with serpentinization.
Metallogenic Correlations for the Fe‐Nb‐REE Mineralization in the West Mine of the Bayan Obo Deposit, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: SU Li , PENG Suping
Published: April 2018

The West Mine of the Bayan Obo deposit, located in the northern‐central part of Inner Mongolia, China, is enriched in Nb, rare earth elements and iron (Nb‐REE‐Fe) mineral resources. This paper presents a combined method to explore metallogenic correlation of the Nb‐REE‐Fe mineralization at the Bayan Obo West Mine. The method integrates factor analysis and Back Propagation (BP) neural network technology into processing and modeling of geological data. In this study, the Nb and REE contents of samples were transformed into discrete values to analyze the correlations among the metallogenic elements. The results show weak mineralization correlations between Nb and REEs. Nb and U are closely related in the geochemical patterns, while Fe is closely related to both Th and Mn. LREEs are an important factor for the mineralization of the Bayan Obo deposit, while Fe and Nb can be considered as the results of passive mineralization. On the basis of a metallogenic correlation analysis, the factors affecting the Fe‐REE‐Nb mineralization were extracted, and the Nb mineralization model was established by the BP neural network. Based on the BP neural network data computing, the variability of the Nb concentration displays a coupled multi‐factor nonlinear relationship, which can be used to reveal the inherent metallogenic elemental regularities and predict the degree of element mineralization enrichment in the mining area.
The Zhaxikang Vein‐type Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Sb Deposit in Himalayan Orogen, Tibet: Product by Overprinting and Remobilization Processes during Post‐collisional Period
Authors: LIANG Wei , HOU Zengqian , ZHENG Yuanchuan , YANG Zhusen , LI Zhenqing
Published: April 2018

The Zhaxikang Pb‐Zn‐Ag‐Sb deposit, the largest polymetallic deposit known in the Himalayan Orogen of southern Tibet, is characterized by vein‐type mineralization that hosts multiple mineral assemblages and complicated metal associations. The deposit consists of at least six steeply dipping vein‐type orebodies that are hosted by Early Jurassic black carbonaceous slates and are controlled by a Cenozoic N–S‐striking normal fault system. This deposit records multiple stages of mineralization that include an early period (A) of massive coarse‐grained galena–sphalerite deposition and a later period (B) of Sb‐bearing vein‐type mineralization. Period A is only associated with galena–sphalerite mineralization, whereas period B can be subdivided into ferrous rhodochrosite–sphalerite–pyrite, quartz–sulfosalt–sphalerite, calcite–pyrite, quartz–stibnite, and quartz‐only stages of mineralization. The formation of brecciated galena and sphalerite ores during period A implies reworking of pre‐existing Pb–Zn sulfides by Cenozoic tectonic deformation, whereas period B mineralization records extensive open‐space filling during ore formation. Fluid inclusion microthermometric data indicate that both periods A and B were associated with low–medium temperature (187–267°C) and low salinity (4.00–10.18% wt. NaCl equivalent) ore‐forming fluids, although variations in the physical–chemical nature of the period B fluids suggest that this phase of mineralization was characterized by variable water/rock ratios. Microprobe analyses indicate that Fe concentrations in sphalerite decrease from period A to period B, and can be divided into three groups with FeS concentrations of 8.999–9.577, 7.125–9.109, 5.438–1.460 mol.%. The concentrations of Zn, Sb, Pb, and Ag within orebodies in the study area are normally distributed in both lateral and vertical directions, and Pb, Sb, and/or Ag concentrations are positive correlation within the central part of these orebodies, but negatively correlate in the margins. Sulfide S isotope compositions are highly variable (4‰–13‰), varying from 4‰ to 11‰ in period A and 10‰ to 13‰ in period B. The Pb isotope within these samples is highly radiogenic and defines linear trends in 206Pb/204Pb vs. 207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb vs. 208Pb/204Pb diagrams, respectively. The S and Pb isotopic characteristics indicate that the period B orebodies formed by mixing of Pb–Zn sulfides and regional Sb‐bearing fluids. These features are indicative of overprinting and remobilization of pre‐existing Pb–Zn sulfides by Sb‐bearing ore‐forming fluids during a post‐collisional period of the Himalayan Orogeny. The presence of similar ore types in the north Rhenish Massif that formed after the Variscan Orogeny suggests that Zhaxikang‐style mineralization may be present in other orogenic belts, suggesting that this deposit may guide Pb–Zn exploration in these areas.
Mineralization, Geochemistry and Zircon U‐Pb Ages of the Paodaoling Porphyry Gold Deposit in the Guichi Region, Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt, Eastern China
Authors: DUAN Liu'an , YANG Xiaoyong , DENG Jianghong , WANG Fangyue , LEE Insung
Published: April 2018

The newly discovered Paodaoling porphyry Au deposit from the Guichi region, Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt (LYRB), contains >35 tons of Au at an average grade of ∼1.7 g/t. It is a porphyry ‘Au‐only’ deposit, as revealed by current exploration in the depths, mostly above –400 m, which is quite uncommon among coeval porphyry mineralization along the LYRB. Additionally, there are also Cu‐Au bearing porphyries and barren alkaline granitoids in the Paodaoling district. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating of the Cu‐Au‐bearing porphyries yield an age of 141–140 Ma, falling within the main magmatic stage of the LYRB, whereas the barren granites give an age of 125–120 Ma, coeval with the regional A‐type granites. The Cu‐Au‐bearing porphyries are LILE‐, LREE‐enriched and HFSE‐depleted, typical of arc magmatic affinities. The barren granites are HFSE‐enriched, with lower LREE/HREE ratios and pronounced negative Eu anomalies. The Cu‐Au‐bearing porphyries in the Paodaoling district have high oxygen fugacities and high water content. Pyrite sulfur isotopes of the Paodaoling gold deposit indicate a magmatic‐sedimentary mixed source for the ore‐forming fluids. Based on the alteration and poly‐metal zonation of the deepest exploration drill hole from the Paodaoling Au deposit, we propose that Cu ore bodies could lie at depth beneath the current Au ore bodies. The magmatism and associated Cu‐Au mineralization of the Paodaoling district are likely to have formed in a subduction setting, during slab rollback of the paleo‐Pacific plate.
Tectonically‐controlled Evolution of the Late Cenozoic Nihewan Basin, North China Craton: Constraints from Stratigraphy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry
Authors: LIU Jin , CHEN Xingqiang , CHI Zhenqing , WANG Yong , MIN Longrui , LI Tingdong
Published: April 2018

The Late Cenozoic basins in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben, North China Craton are delineated by northeast‐striking faults. The faults have, since a long time, been related to the progressive uplift and northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. To show the relation between the basins and faults, two Pliocene–Pleistocene stratigraphic sections (Chengqiang and Hongyanangou) in the southern part of the Nihewan Basin at the northernmost parts of the graben are studied herein. Based on the sedimentary sequences and facies, the sections are divided into three evolutionary stages, such as alluvial fan‐eolian red clay, fan delta, and fluvial, with boundaries at ∼2.8 and ∼1.8 Ma. Paleocurrent indicators, the composition of coarse clastics, heavy minerals, and the geochemistry of moderate–fine clastics are used to establish the temporal and spatial variations in the source areas. Based on features from the middle‐northern basin, we infer that the Nihewan Basin comprises an old NE–SW elongate geotectogene and a young NW–SE elongate subgeotectogene. The main geotectogene in the mid‐north is a half‐graben bounded by northeast‐striking and northwest‐dipping normal faults (e.g., Liulengshan Fault). This group of faults was mainly affected by the Pliocene (before ∼2.8–2.6 Ma) NW–SE extension and controlled the deposition of sediments. In contrast, the subgeotectogene in the south was affected by northwest‐striking normal faults (e.g., Huliuhe Fault) that were controlled by the subsequent weak NE–SW extension in the Pleistocene. The remarkable change in the sedimentary facies and provenance since ∼1.8 Ma is possibly a signal of either weak or strong NE–SW extension. This result implies that the main tectonic transition ages of ∼2.8–2.6 Ma and ∼1.8 Ma in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben are affected by the Tibetan Plateau in Pliocene–Pleistocene.
10Be Exposure Ages Obtained From Quaternary Glacial Landforms on the Tibetan Plateau and in the Surrounding Area
Authors: ZHANG Mengyuan , MEI Jing , ZHANG Zhigang , WANG Jian , XU Xiaobin
Published: April 2018

In situ terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) exposure dating using 10Be is one of the most successful techniques used to determine the ages of Quaternary deposits and yields data that enable the reconstruction of the Quaternary glacial history of the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding mountain ranges. Statistical analysis of TCN 10Be exposure ages, helps to reconstruct the history of glacial fluctuations and past climate changes on the Tibetan Plateau, differences in the timing of glacier advances among different regions. However, different versions of the Cosmic‐Ray‐prOduced NUclide Systematics on Earth (CRONUS‐Earth) online calculator, which calculates and corrects the TCN ages of Quaternary glacial landforms, yield different results. For convenience in establishing contrasts among regions, in this paper, we recalculate 1848 10Be exposure ages from the Tibetan Plateau that were published from 1999 to 2017 using version 2.3 of the CRONUS‐Earth calculator. We also compare the results obtained for 1594 10Be exposure ages using different versions (2.2, 2.3 and 3.0) of the CRONUS‐Earth calculator. The results are as follows. (1) Approximately 97% of the exposure ages are less than 200 ka. A probability density curve of the exposure ages suggests that greater numbers of oscillations emerge during the Holocene, and the peaks correspond to the Little Ice Age, the 8.2 ka and 9.3 ka cold events; the main peak covers the period between 12 and 18 ka. (2) In most areas, the newer versions of the calculator produce older 10Be exposure ages. When different versions of the CRONUS‐Earth calculator are used, approximately 29% of the 10Be exposure ages display maximum differences greater than 10 ka, and the maximum age difference for a single sample is 181.1 ka.
Meso‐Cenozoic Evolution of Earth Surface System under the East Asian Tectonic Superconvergence
Authors: DMITRIENKO Liudmila V. , WANG Pengcheng , LI Sanzhong , CAO Xianzhi , SOMERVILLE Ian , ZHOU Zaizheng , HU Mengying , SUO Yanhui , GUO Lingli , WANG Yongming , LI Xiyao , LIU Xin , YU Shengyao , ZHU Junjiang
Published: April 2018

The East Asian geological setting has a long duration related to the superconvergence of the Paleo‐Asian, Tethyan and Paleo‐Pacific tectonic domains. The Triassic Indosinian Movement contributed to an unified passive continental margin in East Asia. The later ophiolites and I‐type granites associated with subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate in the Late Triassic, suggest a transition from passive to active continental margins. With the presence of the ongoing westward migration of the Paleo‐Pacific Subduction Zone, the sinistral transpressional stress field could play an important role in the intraplate deformation in East Asia during the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic, being characterized by the transition from the E‐W‐trending structural system controlled by the Tethys and Paleo‐Asian oceans to the NE‐trending structural system caused by the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean subduction. The continuously westward migration of the subduction zones resulted in the transpressional stress field in East Asia marked by the emergence of the Eastern North China Plateau and the formation of the Andean‐type active continental margin from late Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160‐135 Ma), accompanied by the development of a small amount of adakites. In the Late Cretaceous (135‐90 Ma), due to the eastward retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific Subduction Zone, the regional stress field was replaced from sinistral transpression to transtension. Since a large amount of late‐stage adakites and metamorphic core complexes developed, the Andean‐type active continental margin was destroyed and the Eastern North China Plateau started to collapse. In the Late Cretaceous, the extension in East Asia gradually decreased the eastward retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific subduction zones. Futhermore, a significant topographic inversion had taken place during the Cenozoic that resulted from a rapid uplift of the Tibet Plateau resulting from the India‐Eurasian collision and the formation of the Bohai Bay Basin and other basins in the East Asian continental margin. The inversion caused a remarkable eastward migration of deformation, basin formation and magmatism. Meanwhile, the basins that mainly developed in the Paleogene resulted in a three‐step topography which typically appears to drop eastward in altitude. In the Neogene, the basins underwent a rapid subsidence in some depressions after basin‐controlled faulting, as well as the intracontinental extensional events in East Asia, and are likely to be a contribution to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.