bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Voltammetric sensor for Tyramine based on poly (L-Aspartic acid) modified Glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Anand Sanu K. , Mathew Manna Rachel , Krishnapillai Girish Kumar
Published: June 2024

This paper details the use of poly (L-Aspartic acid) modified glassy carbon electrode (p(L-Asp)/GCE) for the sensitive voltammetric determination of tyramine (TYM). The studies reveal that the sensor exhibits high electro catalytic activity towards the electro oxidation of TYM. Under optimum experimental conditions, the determination of TYM has been attained in the range 6.00 × 10− 6 to 5.00 × 10− 7 M with a limit of detection 6.55 × 10− 8 M. At the modified electrode, the electro oxidation was found to be a diffusion controlled process which involves one proton and one electron. The reliability of the proposed method has been verified in physiological fluids.
Ethnomedical knowledge of plants used in alternative medicine for the treatment of hemorrhoids in Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga Province, Southern DR Congo
Authors: Valentin Bashige Chiribagula , Philippe Okusa Ndjolo , Melman Muhona , Henry Manya Mboni , Salvius Bakari Amuri , Baptiste Lumbu Simbi Jean
Published: June 2024

Background
A variety of medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine in Lubumbashi for the management of hemorrhoidal diseases. However, no investigation has been conducted to gather the knowledge required for this type of management in the region. The present study was conducted to inventory the plants used in Lubumbashi to treat hemorrhoidal diseases and to relate their ethnomedical characteristics.
Methods
This study was conducted between March 2022 and February 2023 using semi-structured interviews with households (n = 1520), herbalists (n = 25), and traditional healers : THs (n = 59).
Results
The 1,604 respondents (sex ratio M/F = 0.9; mean age: 56 ± 3 years; experience: 12 ± 3 years) provided information on 100 taxa, 84 of which are used against internal hemorrhoids, Phyllanthus amarus being the most cited (Citation Index, CI: 0.76). Most of them are trees (38%) or shrubs (32%), belonging to 90 genera and 45 families dominated by the Fabaceae (10%) and Asteraceae (9%). They are indicated in 76 other pathologies, dominated by gastrointestinal disorders (GID), wounds and sexually transmitted infections (CI > 0.57). From these 100 taxa, 117 anti-hemorrhoidal formulations were derived, 11 of which combined more than one plant. In all these recipes, the leaf is the most commonly used part (> 60%) and the liniment (> 45%) is the most popular form of application. For the first time, this study reports 14 taxa as plants used in the treatment of hemorrhoids for which some evidence of hemorrhoidal activity has been reported. Among these taxa, Ficus stuhlmannii, Ficus laurifolia, and Ocimum centraliafricanum are listed as medicinal plants for the first time. Khaya nyasica, and Syzygium cordatum, each with 11 uses, have the highest traditional medicinal value.
Conclusion
The findings of this study indicate that a significant number of medicinal plants are used in traditional medicine in Lubumbashi for the treatment of hemorrhoidal diseases. Some of these plants are endemic to the biodiversity area, while others are shared with other cultures and regions. A series of pharmacological studies is currently underway with the objective of validating the anti-hemorrhoidal properties of these plants and in order to identify phytochemical compounds responsible of this activity.
Structural basis for synthase activation and cellulose modification in the
E. coli Type II Bcs secretion system
Authors: KRASTEVA Petya , Anso Itxaso , Sana Thibault , Zouhir Samira
Published: June 2024

Bacterial cellulosic polymers constitute a prevalent class of biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides that rely on conserved cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP)-dependent cellulose synthases. Polymer structure and modifications, however, depend on the ensemble of synthase modules and accessory subunits, thus defining several types of bacterial cellulose secretion (Bcs) systems. In E. coli, a BcsRQABEFG macrocomplex, encompassing the inner membrane and cytosolic subunits, and an outer membrane porin, BcsC, secure the biogenesis of phosphoethanolamine (pEtN)-modified cellulose. Resolution-limited studies have proposed different macrocomplex stoichiometries and its assembly and regulation have remained elusive. Using cryo-EM, we visualize the molecular mechanisms of BcsA-dependent recruitment and stabilization of a trimeric BcsG pEtN-transferase for polymer modification and a dimeric BcsF-dependent recruitment of an otherwise cytosolic BcsE2R2Q2 regulatory complex. We further demonstrate that BcsE, a secondary c-di-GMP sensor, remains dinucleotide-bound and retains the essential-for-secretion BcsRQ partners onto the synthase even in the absence of direct c-di-GMP-synthase complexation, likely lowering the threshold for c-di-GMP-dependent synthase activation. Such ‘activation-by-proxy’ mechanism could allow Bcs secretion system activation even in the absence of dramatic intracellular c-di-GMP increase and is reminiscent of other widespread synthase-dependent polysaccharide secretion systems where c-di-GMP sensing and/or synthase stabilization are carried out by key co-polymerase subunits.
The Transnational Mental Health Burden of Haiti's Alleged Collapse: Preliminary Findings from the Haitian Well-Being Study
Authors: Blanc Judite , Carrenard Niara J. , Auguste Evan , Luma Sherryn , Francois Laura , Bigdeli Tim , Jean-Louis Girardin , Duthely Lunthita
Published: June 2024

Background
Transnational drug trafficking, political unrest, gang violence, and paramilitarism, which are pervasive in Haiti, have resulted in a mental health crisis for the broader Haitian community. This study explores the mental well-being of Haitians in Haiti and the United States by identifying barriers and facilitators to mental health through the lived experiences of men and women.
Method
Four Focus group discussions conducted in April and November 2023 engaged 28 participants (20 women and eight men) aged between 23 and 60 years from locations in Haiti (Port-au-Prince, Cite Soleil, Cayes, Cap-Haitien, Saint-Marc) and the United States. Discussions revolved around the definition of mental health, stressors, coping mechanisms, risk and protective factors, and barriers to mental health care.
Results
Six principal themes emerged: 1- Chronic Traumatic Stress: continued violence, political instability, unemployment, lack of social support, adverse childhood experiences, family separation, and forced displacement were significant sources of stress. 2- Increased Health Burden: Participants reported experiencing chronic physical and psychological symptoms (i.e., hypertension, anxiety, depression, sleep issues, substance abuse, suicidal ideations, characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]), which were attributed to Haiti's social, political, and infrastructure collapse. 3- Risk Factors: limited access to mental health services, pervasive hopelessness, scarcity of opportunities, and stigma were identified as significant risks. 4- Future Uncertainty: widespread concerns regarding the future predominated. 5- Multigenerational Concerns: Significant anxiety concerning the mental health and development of children, as well as the functionality of mental health practitioners, was noted. 6- Coping and Protective Factors: Effective coping strategies include mental stimulation, peer support, managing digital consumption, engaging in leisurely activities, such as listening to music, and faith/spirituality.
Conclusion
The study's findings underscore the sociopolitical and economic crisis in Haiti, which has resulted in violence and a collapse of political, educational, financial, and health infrastructures. These factors were identified as the primary source of chronic distress, contributing to widespread mental health issues, adverse physical symptoms, and disruption in daily life. The implications for practice, healing, research & policy are discussed.
Two-component systems interface discrimination in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Martin Eduardo M , Guerrero-Barrera Alma L , Avelar-Gonzalez F Javier , Salinas-Gutierrez Rogelio , Jacques Mario
Published: June 2024

Background
Pathogenic bacteria grow in different environments and have developed signaling systems known as two-component systems that allow them to thrive in distinct habitats efficiently. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is an obligate pig pathogen that colonizes its host and survives outside it by forming biofilms. The small number of the two-component systems in this pathogen makes it a suitable model to assess the interaction specificity of these systems.
Results
This was done through multiple sequence alignments, mutual information, heterodimer modeling, structural data, molecular dynamics, and the interface coupling index, which were used to evaluate molecular recognition. For the study, more than two thousand homologue sequences were collected from a diverse range of bacteria. Four different clusters of specificity-determining residues were found for all evaluated systems. The system-wide discrimination capability of twocomponent systems relies on the composition of these clusters composed of 3, 3, 4, and 5 residue pairs, from systems CpxAR, NarQP, PhoRB, and QseCB, respectively. These residue pairs are spatially nearby, the shape and composition of each cluster are systemspecific and have minimal overlap among them.
Conclusions
The interaction interface composition of the twocomponent systems network in A. pleuropneumoniae was defined and their discriminatory components were described. In summary, molecular recognition depends on specific components from the interaction interface called orthologue interaction specificity clusters. These clusters enable the emergence of specificity, which allows the system to differentiate between cognate and non-cognate components, thereby enabling the system to recognize highly similar components through molecular recognition.
Topic Composition in AEA Journals
Authors: Hong Dian
Published: June 2024

This paper utilizes data from the official American Economic Association (AEA) website, previously unexplored in literature, to investigate the choice of economic topics across all AEA journals. Employing bibliometric analysis and Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) Codes, we discern that micro-related papers are more prominently featured in AEA journals. Furthermore, through an examination of selected topic trends over time, we observe a sustained increase in the proportion of papers related to microeconomics and mathematical and quantitative methods in the American Economic Review (AER). Overall, our findings suggest that researchers should take into account the topic preferences of specific journals when selecting journals for paper submission, even those purportedly accepting papers on a wide range of economic topics. Additionally, for success in academia, junior researchers should start considering aligning their research interests with prevailing hot topics in academic journals.
JEL Codes: A11, A14
A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Evaluating the Effectiveness and Integration Obstacles of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within Anesthesia Departments.
Authors: Zaki Hany A. , Shaban Eman E. , Shallik Nabil , Shaban Ahmed , Shaban Amira , Elgassim Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Background
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a multidisciplinary field focusing on expanding and generating intelligent computer algorithms to carry out simple to more complex tasks traditionally performed using human intelligence. In anesthesia, AI is rapidly becoming a transformative technology. However, its efficacy in anesthesia is still unknown. Therefore, the current study analyzed the efficacy of AI in anesthesia by studying two main applications of AI, i.e., predicting events related to anesthesia and assisting anesthesia-related procedures. Furthermore, this study explored some of the challenges of integrating AI in the anesthesia field.
Methods
PubMed, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly searched for articles relevant to the objective of the current study. The Comprehensive Meta-analysis software and STATA 16.0 were used for statistical analyses, while the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used for quality evaluation.
Results
Twenty studies satisfying the eligibility criteria were used for review and analysis. A subgroup analysis showed that models incorporating machine learning algorithms were superior in predicting postinduction hypotension (AUROC: 0.93). ANN and SANN models also showed a good discriminatory capacity in predicting postinduction hypotension (AUROC: 0.82 and 0.80, respectively). Similarly, the subgroup analysis showed that ANN and GBM models had a good discriminatory capacity when predicting hypoxemia (AUROC: 0.8 and 0.81, respectively). Furthermore, SVM, ANN, and fuzzy logic models had a relatively good differentiation ability in predicting postoperative nausea and vomiting (AUROC: 0.93, 0.77, and 0.72, respectively). On the other hand, the subgroup analysis showed that robotically-assisted tracheal intubations were highly successful in both mannikins and humans (success rate: 98% and 92%, respectively). Similarly, robotically-assisted ultrasound-guided nerve blocks were highly successful in mannikins and humans (Success rate: 96% for humans and mannikins, respectively).
Conclusion
The current study suggests that AI is useful in predicting anesthesia-related events and automating procedures such as tracheal intubation and ultrasound-guided nerve block. However, there are multiple barriers hindering the integration of AI in anesthesia that need to be addressed.
Predicting survival, neurotoxicity and response in B-Cell lymphoma patients treated with CAR-T therapy using an imaging features-based model
Authors: Ferrer-Lores Blanca , Ortiz-Algarra Alfonso , Picó-Peris Alfonso , Estepa-Fernández Alejandra , Bellvís-Bataller Fuensanta , Weiss Glen J. , Fuster-Matanzo Almudena , Fernández Juan Pedro , Jimenez-Pastor Ana , Hernani Rafael , Saus-Carreres Ana , Benzaquen Ana , Ventura Laura , Piñana José Luis , Teruel Ana Belén , Serrano-Alcalá Alicia , Dosdá Rosa , Sopena-Novales Pablo , Balaguer-Rosello Aitana , Guerreiro Manuel , Sanz Jaime , Martí-Bonmatí Luis , Terol María José , Alberich-Bayarri Ángel
Published: June 2024

Background:
This study aims to develop imaging-based prognostic and predictive models for relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell lymphoma patients undergoing CAR-T therapy by integrating clinical data and imaging features. Specifically, our aim was to predict 3- and 6-month treatment response, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and the occurrence of the immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS).
Methods:
This multicentre retrospective observational study includes 65 patients of R/R B-cell lymphoma treated with CAR-T cells in two centres. Pre-infusion 18F-FDG PET/CT scans and clinical data were systematically collected. Imaging features were extracted using the Quibim platform. Logistic regression was employed for predicting ICANS and CAR-T response, while univariate and multivariate analyses Cox proportional-hazards models were performed for survival prediction. Models with best overall fit based on Akaike information criterion and with 10-fold repeated cross-validation were selected.
Results:
Sixty-five patients with a median age of 62 (range 21–76) years were evaluated. The median follow-up for survivors was 10.47 (range 0.20–45.80) months. A logistic regression model accurately predicted neurotoxicity (AUC: 0.830), and models for CAR-T response at 3 and 6 months demonstrated high accuracy (AUC: 0.928 and 0.940, respectively). Median OS after CAR-T therapy was 4.73 months for high total metabolic tumour volume (MTVtotal) and 37.55 months for low MTVtotal. Predicted PFS was 2.73 months for high MTVtotal and 11.83 months for low MTVtotal. For all outcomes, predictive models, combining imaging features and clinical variables, showed improved accuracy compared to models using only clinical variables or imaging features alone.
Conclusion:
This study successfully integrates imaging features and clinical variables to predict outcomes in R/R B-cell lymphoma patients undergoing CAR-T. Notably, the identified MTVtotal cut-off effectively stratifies patients, as evidenced by significant differences in OS and PFS. Additionally, the predictive models for neurotoxicity and CAR-T response show promising accuracy. This comprehensive approach holds promise for risk stratification and personalized treatment strategies which may become a helpful tool for optimizing CAR-T outcomes in R/R lymphoma patients.
Design of Memristor Based Modified Synapse Circuit for Low-Power Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Hazari Tarif Ahammad Fuad , Bhuiyan A.B.M. Noushad , Hossain Md. Israil
Published: June 2024

It is high time that brain-inspired or neuromorphic computing must have enough concentration to grow and overcome the computational barrier, which will mimic the biological neuron cell, and its computational abilities will be applied from the neuroscience point of view. We have shown some current candidates from the material to device level for neuromorphic computing and how our proposed memristor-based bridge synapse circuit can emulate the spiking properties of neurons in biological brains with plasticity phenomena such as LTP, LTD and STDP or SRDP (spike rate-dependent plasticity), considering that low power consumption is the primary key to this kind of computing.
Transcrustal magmatic system in lamprophyre dyke constructed by multiple magma reservoirs
Authors: Wang Xiangsong , Wang Yannan , Sun Min , Zhao Guochun , Cai Keda , Liu Xijun , Li Zhenglin , Zhang Yunying , Leppard Fenn
Published: June 2024

The mineral assemblages, chemistry and textures of igneous rocks can record crucial information on magmatic processes in transcrustal magmatic systems. To effectively identify such processes, we present systematic petrological, mineralogical, and geochronological data for a suite of lamprophyre dykes that intruded early flood basalts in the Tuoyun basin of Western Tianshan. The lamprophyre dykes show ocean island basalt-like trace element patterns and depleted Sr–Nd isotope compositions, suggesting that they were derived from a depleted mantle source. Apatite U-Pb dating reveals that the lamprophyre dykes were emplaced at 66 Ma. These lamprophyre dykes consist of three groups of mineral assemblages: (I) Type-I Clinopyroxene (Cpx); (II) Amphibole (Amp) core and Apatite (Ap); and (III) Amp rim, Type-II Cpx, K-feldspar (Kfs) and Plagioclase (Pl). These mineral assemblages are in chemical disequilibrium and correspond to three magma reservoirs within the transcrustal magmatic system. Textural and geochemical features demonstrate that Type-I Cpx represents antecrysts captured from lower crustal crystal mushes. The Amp cores have the same rare earth element patterns as their enclosed Type-I Cpx inclusions, demonstrating that the Amp cores were produced through peritectic reactions consuming Cpx. The third assemblages occur as microlites that formed by the shallow crystallization of evolved melts. Thermobarometric calculations suggest a lower crust magma reservoir at 20–30 km depth, a middle crust magma reservoir at ~15 km depth, and a shallow upper crust magma reservoir at <5 km depth, making up a magma plumbing system of the lamprophyre dykes. The transcrustal magmatic system involves multiple stages of open-system processes, including the recycling of early-formed crystals, multiple magma replenishment, peritectic reactions, and crystal fractionation, resulting in the formation of lamprophyre dykes.
Investigating the Impact of COVID-19 on the Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sardu Ehsan Goroei , Raesi Rasoul , Pooladvand Vahid , Ardaneh Mahdieh , Daneshi Salman , Mosavi Seyed Abolfazl , Tabatabaee Seyed Saeed
Published: June 2024

Background

The inflammation caused by COVID-19 can cause blood clots, block the heart vessels and lead to heart attack.

Aim

This study aims toinvestigate the impact of COVID-19 on heart diseases in patients referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Jiroft City.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional (descriptive-analytical) study. The statistical population includes all cardiovascular patients who visited Imam Khomeini Hospital two years before Corona (March 2017 to March 2019) and two years after Corona (March 2019 to March 2021). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The chi-square test was used to investigate the relationship between qualitative variables in two groups. The level of significance in this study was considered less than 0.05.

Results

The average age of patients before COVID-19 was 60.02 ± 16.7 years, and during COVID-19 was 63.9 ± 16.8 years, and in group 1, 50.5% were men, and in group 2, 51% were women. COVID-19 has caused a 14.2% increase in cardiovascular diseases. Acute coronary syndrome, heart attacks, and heart failure increased by 11.3%, 32.2%, and 9.5%, respectively, during the COVID-19pandemic compared to before the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Based on the findings of the study, special attention should be paid to the cardiovascular support of these patients and specific diagnostic and treatment protocols should be developed to prevent cardiovascular complications and treat patients with COVID-19.
Possible Cutaneous Adverse Effects of AntiInfective Vaccinations
Authors: Akarsu Sevgi , Polat Fatma
Published: June 2024

Although commonly used anti-infective vaccines in clinical practice are
generally safe, certain local or systemic adverse reactions related to them may rarely
occur. Actually, considering the general vaccination rates, the incidence of serious skin
reactions (e.g . angioedema, anaphylaxis, Stevens–Johnson syndrome) is very low but
vaccine-associated local cutaneous reactions such as erythema, edema, tenderness and
pain at the injection sites are one of the most common complications of vaccines.
Furthermore, a wide variety of specific or non-specific localized or generalized
cutaneous adverse effects (e.g. lichenoid eruption, granuloma annulare,
pseudolymphoma, erythema nodosum, erythema multiforme, Gianotti-Crosti
syndrome, urticaria, lupus erythematosus, bullous pemphigoid, purpura) have been
reported in the literature related with commonly used anti-infective vaccines. In this
chapter, these adverse cutaneous reactions potentially associated with anti-infective
vaccines were summarized with a comprehensive literature review.
Comparación de índices de vegetación basados en imágenes satelitales para la identificación de bosques de manglar en Colombia
Authors: Perea-Ardila Mauricio A. , Murillo-Sandoval Paulo J.
Published: June 2024

El uso de índices de vegetación (IV) específicos para manglares amplían la posibilidad de mejorar la detección práctica de manglares. Este estudio tiene como objetivo realizar una comparación de siete IV específicos para manglares, derivados de imágenes satélite, para determinar su concordancia frente a la clasificación de manglares usando el conjunto de datos WorldCover 2020 en dos sitios con manglares en el Pacífico colombiano. Se utilizaron cuatro imágenes Sentinel-2 y, a través de datos oceanográficos, se validó su estado mareal con el fin de evidenciar si cambios mareales afectan la detección del manglar. Las imágenes fueron trabajadas en reflectancia BOA, los IV se calcularon y se evaluó su precisión para identificar manglar/no manglar, y seguidamente, se hizo una identificación de puntos de manglar sobre el dataset WorldCover del año 2020 para determinar la exactitud de cada IV. Se identificó la firma espectral promedio del manglar para cada estado mareal (entre 0.23 y 0.25 unidades de reflectancia) y se determinaron las estadísticas descriptivas para cada IV. Se observó que el NDMI y el MMRI obtenido presentó una concordancia considerable en Chocó para la bajamar y una concordancia aceptable en Nariño para la pleamar, además, se mapeo su extensión espacial y la diferencia en su extensión. Los resultados demuestran el rendimiento de los IV específicos para manglares en Colombia como una alternativa práctica para rápidos mapeos de su extensión que contribuya a la gestión integral del ecosistema.
Art of Telesupport of Caregiver during Myasthenia Gravis Crisis by COVID-19 Infection-Related Followed by Rescue in Late-Onset Patient
Authors: Angelini Corrado
Published: June 2024

An 83-year-old man with myasthenia gravis was hospitalized in the ICU; support for caregivers of elderly myasthenic patients in the ICU can be a crucial aspect of their care. Myasthenia gravis is a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that can cause varying levels of muscle weakness, which can significantly impact the patient's day-to-day activities and overall quality of life. This intervention was followed for over one month with success. The critical phases are presented and analyzed as a medical support art.
Nourishing the Infant Gut Microbiome to Support Immune Health: Protocol of SUN (Seeding Through Feeding) Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wall Clare R , Roy Nicole  C , Mullaney Jane A , McNabb Warren Charles , Gasser Olivier , Fraser Karl , Altermann Eric , Young Wayne , Cooney Janine , Lawrence Robyn , Jiang Yannan , Galland Barbara C , Fu Xiaoxi , Tonkie Jacqueline N , Mahawar Nisha , Lovell Amy Luisa
Published: June 2024

Background

The introduction of complementary foods during the first year of life influences the diversity of the gut microbiome. How this diversity affects immune development and health is unclear.

Objective

This study evaluates the effect of consuming kūmara or kūmara with added banana powder (resistant starch) compared to a reference control at 4 months post randomization on the prevalence of respiratory tract infections and the development of the gut microbiome.

Methods

This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of mothers and their 6-month-old infants (up to n=300) who have not yet started solids. Infants are randomized into one of 3 groups: control arm (C), standard kūmara intervention (K), and a kūmara intervention with added banana powder product (K+) to be consumed daily for 4 months until the infant is approximately 10 months old. Infants are matched for sex using stratified randomization. Data are collected at baseline (prior to commencing solid food) and at 2 and 4 months after commencing solid food (at around 8 and 10 months of age). Data and samples collected at each timepoint include weight and length, intervention adherence (months 2 and 4), illness and medication history, dietary intake (months 2 and 4), sleep (diary and actigraphy), maternal dietary intake, breast milk, feces (baseline and 4 months), and blood samples (baseline and 4 months).

Results

The trial was approved by the Health and Disability Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health, New Zealand (reference 20/NTA/9). Recruitment and data collection did not commence until January 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Data collection and analyses are expected to conclude in January 2024 and early 2025, respectively. Results are to be published in 2024 and 2025.

Conclusions

The results of this study will help us understand how the introduction of a specific prebiotic complementary food affects the microbiota and relative abundances of the microbial species, the modulation of immune development, and infant health. It will contribute to the expanding body of research that aims to deepen our understanding of the connections between nutrition, gut microbiota, and early-life postnatal health.

Trial Registration

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12620000026921; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=378654

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/56772
Demografía de la desigualdad y pandemia. Reflexiones desde el pensamiento crítico en Demografía
Authors: Canales Alejandro I.
Published: June 2024

En el texto se analiza la desigualdad social frente al Covid y la pandemia, considerando dos planos. i) desde el plano estructural; y ii) desde el plano de las prácticas sociales, que al implicar interacciones interpersonales, conforman el marco propicio de propagación del virus. Nuestra tesis es que toda práctica social está incrustada de relaciones de desigualdad que posicionan diferenciadamente a cada individuo involucrado en ellas. En este sentido, usamos el virus y la pandemia, como un dispositivo social a través del cual podemos observar la forma en que se experimenta en la vida cotidiana la desigualdad social y estructural. Desde esta perspectiva, el virus, y su forma de contagio, nos permiten observar cómo los modos cotidianos de propagación del virus conforman modos cotidianos de reproducción de la desigualdad social frente al mismo virus, configurando contextos desiguales de vulnerabilidad social frente al virus y la pandemia.
Etnia y ruralidad como ejes de la desigualdad social en la Araucanía (Chile) actual
Authors: Pareja-Arellano Nicolás Alejandro , Sandoval-Obando Eduardo , Riquelme-Brevis Hernán
Published: June 2024

El presente articulo analiza la desigualdad de la Región de la Araucanía a través variables socioeconómicas relevantes para la región como son la pobreza, la ruralidad, y la etnia, entre otras. Para ello se realizó un estudio cuantitativo a partir de información secundaria, el cual se desarrolló en base a la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional (CASEN). Los resultados dan cuenta de las desventajas comparativas que presenta el territorio en relación con otras regiones y el país, además se muestra a una región golpeada por la pobreza y la desigualdad, la que se ve sustancialmente acentuada en el espacio rural, y más aún en los individuos pertenecientes al pueblo mapuche. La discusión se centra en que la pobreza y las condiciones de menoscabo social en general son producidos por la desigualdad (y no al revés), ya que esta no es solo una diferencia inocua, sino que un detrimento histórico generado consciente e intencionalmente, lo que trae consigo consecuencias negativas en los sujetos. La conclusión es que el racismo y la exclusión, sumado a la falta de solidaridad actual, hacen que se reproduzcan las condiciones desfavorables para el pueblo mapuche, especialmente los que residen en las zonas rurales.
A combination of seismic refraction and ambient noise methods to detect landslide-prone materials
Authors: Cárdenas-Soto Martín , Sánchez-González Jesús , Martínez-González José Antonio , Escobedo-Zenil David , Cifuentes-Nava Gerardo , Reyes-Pimentel Thalía Alfonsina
Published: June 2024

A portion of the west of Mexico City is densely populated in an abrupt topography, whose volcano-sedimentary materials increase the likelihood of landslides. We exploited the geometry of a quadrangular geophones array to apply Seismic Refraction Tomography (SRT) and Ambient Noise Tomography (ANT) methods and explore the extent of landslide-prone materials. The results show low-velocity areas (Vs < 100 m/s, being Vs group velocities) associated with materials that have lost their resistance due to the increase in pore pressure and the places where eventually, more landslides will occur (120 < Vs < 200 m/s) if mitigation work is not carried out. The most stable zones correspond to materials with velocity values greater than 250 m/s that overlap a bedrock at an average depth of 8 m. Thus, when it is not advisable to perform active source experiments, ANT can provide practical results to determine the extension of the sliding materials.
VNIR-SWIR using OreXpress spectroradiometer as a spectral approximation method to differentiate epithermal mineralization alteration phases. A case study from Jacinto and Big Golden Hill, Cuba
Authors: González Acosta Virginia , Velasco-Herrera Víctor M. , Zúñiga Emmanuel , Soon Willie , Piñero-Pérez Enrique C. , Pimentel-Olivera Higinio , Eymil-Romero Eligio
Published: June 2024

Spectral differences (range: 350-2500 nm) between the three alteration phases related to low and high sulfidation epithermal mineralization has been studied in the Jacinto deposit (Beatriz, Sur de Elena, and El Limon Nuevo veins) and the Big Golden Hill sector, respectively, located in the Cuban Cretaceous volcanic, Camagüey and Las Tunas provinces. This study has revealed the following differences between the phases: (a) Phase I: associated with the lithological type of quartz with massive and/or brecciated texture, where gold mineralization develops. At 600-800 nm, the signals identified responds with goethite and at 1400, 1900 y 2200 nm, as montmorillonite and nontronite. The reflectance value is 30 -50%, although in the El Limón Nuevo vein is 30-40%. (b) Phase II: Related to the argillic alteration zone composed by sericitic or silicified quartz and ferrous minerals such as limonite and hematite. It only occurs in Beatriz and Sur de Elena veins. At 600-800 nm, the signal is associated with ferrous minerals and at 1400, 1900, and 2200 nm, to clays minerals as montmorillonite, halloysite, and nontronite. The reflectance value is 30 – 50%. The difference between both Phases is in the amplitude and shape of the absorption feature at 1400 nm. (c) Phase III: it is located near the volcanic rock, composed by illite-smectite-quartz, without gold content and nearby to propylitic zone. At 600-800 nm, the feature indicates the presence of goethite and at 1400, 1900, and 2200 nm, to montmorillonite, illite, and nontronite. The reflectance value is 30 - 40%. The Big Golden Hill sector is characterized by peaks related to goethite and nontronite at 600-800 nm and pyrophyllite at 1400, 1950 and 2165 nm, typical of advanced argillic alteration. The reflectance value reaches 55%. This study represents one of the first applications of reflectance spcetroscopic techniques in Cuban mineral deposits.
Evolución volcánica del maar Joya de Los Contreras, San Luis Potosí México, a partir de estratigrafía y análisis de facies
Authors: Venegas Rodríguez Gastón , Dávila Harris Pablo , Yutsis Vsevolod , Saucedo Girón Ricardo
Published: June 2024

La Joya de Los Contreras es una de cuatro estructuras freatomagmáticas que forman parte del Campo Volcánico Santo Domingo, un campo volcánico monogenético asociado a magmatismo intraplaca del Pleistoceno al norte del estado de San Luis Potosí (México), relacionado a fallamiento extensional y adelgazamiento cortical. Estudios previos incluyen geoquímica de lavas y xenolitos, pero no abundan en la evolución volcánica de la secuencia piroclástica. La Joya de los Contreras es un cráter volcánico excavado en calizas (Formación El Abra, Cretácico superior), de forma elíptica y dimensiones de 1,160 m de diámetro por 210 m de profundidad. Expone lavas máficas en la base (basanitas), un anillo de tobas muy bien preservado y expuesto, y también lavas máficas en la cima de la secuencia. Con el objeto de conocer los procesos magmáticos y freatomagmáticos que le dieron origen, se desarrolló un levantamiento estratigráfico y análisis de facies, petrografía, granulometría, componentes y geoquímica. La secuencia se compone de 1) Unidades pre-maar, lavas máficas, basanitas y aglomerados; 2) Unidades formadoras del maar, tobas conformando el anillo; y 3) Unidades post-maar, lavas coronando la secuencia. Se fechó una de estas últimas en 447 ± 11 ka (edad 40Ar/39Ar en roca total). La historia volcano-estratigráfica resulto en la reconstrucción de 5 fases eruptivas que van de efusiva-estromboliana pre-maar a freatomagmática explosiva, con variaciones en proporciones de interacción agua-magma y cerrando estromboliana-efusiva post-maar. Aunque no hay evidencia directa de una diatrema a profundidad, se infiere su existencia en base a diversos criterios geomorfológicos, tales como el alto volumen de material calcáreo lítico en el anillo de tobas (excavación y relleno – reciclaje), la relación de aspecto del cráter y su relleno.
movilidad saliente en la Universidad Nacional del Sur: nuevos desafíos para la internacionalización pospandemia
Authors: Corbella Virginia Inés , Elías Silvina Reneé
Published: June 2024

Durante la emergencia por la enfermedad de la COVID-19, la inesperada necesidad de cancelar las actividades académicas presenciales resultó en detrimento del carácter inmersivo de las experiencias de movilidad de los estudiantes. El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis exploratorio y descriptivo de la experiencia de movilidad saliente para los estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina, durante la pandemia. Ante la situación, una solución propuesta por las universidades fue continuar la movilidad de manera virtual. Siguiendo una metodología cualitativa, se realizaron encuestas y entrevistas a alumnos que habían realizado un programa de movilidad estudiantil durante 2020 y 2021. A pesar de los desafíos presentados, los resultados arrojaron un alto nivel de satisfacción general del alumnado con la experiencia de movilidad vivida. La movilidad virtual se presenta como una opción posible para aquellas personas que por diversos motivos no puedan viajar al exterior, pero puedan verse beneficiados de la experiencia de movilidad desde casa.
Socialization in Extremist Movements: A Case Study of Al-Qaeda
Authors: - Omar , - Sivamurugan , Hafeeza Nur
Published: June 2024

Again, it's still unclear for sociological scholars, how Al-Qaeda socializes its cohorts based on abomination towards the West and the Arab regimes. This research paper focuses on the socialization process within Al-Qaeda through (Family, School, Peers and Media). Also, it argues that not all of those who join Al-Qaeda ostracized by their perspective community, but most of who join Al-Qaeda are well educated and came from a well-to-do family. However, from face to face socialization to hosted sites and social media, Al-Qaeda influenced thousands of its target audience to join the organization in its battle against Western interests. Additionally, Al-Qaeda came up by a new technique of socialization through an online magazine that teaches those who cannot join Al-Qaeda to manufacture bombs at their homes to attack the infidels as Osama Bin Laden says “Al-Qaeda desires death more than your desires live”.
Analisia Pengaruh Pemikiran Usul Dan Fiqh: Karya Syeikh Muhammad Tahir Jalaluddin
Authors: - Faisal , Puaad Mohd
Published: June 2024

Syeikh Muhammad Tahir Jalaluddin merupakan seorang tokoh ulama Melayu yang prolifik dan telah menghasilkan beberapa karya dalam pelbagai bidang seperti fiqh, falak, dakwah, pendidikan. Beliau tidak mengarang kitab khusus mengenai usul fiqh. Walau bagaimanapun, karya beliau yang bertajuk Ta’yid Tadhkirah Muttabi‘ al-Sunnah fi al-Rad ‘Ala al-Qa’il bi Sunniyyah Rak‘atain Qabl al-Jum‘ah mengabsahkan kedudukan beliau sebagai seorang yang sangat mahir dan pakar dalam ilmu tersebut. Artikel ini akan menganalisa pengaruh pemikiran usul dan fiqh beliau dalam kitab tersebut. Pola pemikiran beliau terserlah kerana pemahaman yang mendalam serta penguasaan yang jitu terhadap ilmu usul yang merupakan perkara paling dasar dan satu-satunya kaedah untuk menerbitkan persoalan bagi hukum fiqh. Beliau mengingatkan Islam amat menggalakan berfikir kerana banyak ayat-ayat al-Qur’an yang menyeru ke arah menggunakan akal lebih-lebih lagi dalam soal memahami kandungan al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah.
Debate on Patriarchal Interpretation of Hadith: An Overview
Authors: Saadah Nur
Published: June 2024

The criticism on Hadith as one of the legal sources in Islam is continually debating until the present day. For certain reasons, the Hadith has been disregarded as an infallible source, and its authenticity often becomes the subject of argument among the past and present scholars. One of the important debates in the study of Hadith is the existence of misogynistic traditions which are claimed to be found in the authentic Hadith collections. This paper aims to discover how the hadith has been criticized for being influenced by patriarchal interpretation and prejudiced as anti-women as claimed by the feminists. It is due to the male domination in major aspects of the Islamic texts, including the process of transmission, preservation, publication as well as interpretation. Unfortunately, the interpretation of the Hadith particularly those pertaining to women contains gender bias and discrimination against women. The feminists argue those Hadiths were interpreted in favor of men’s interests and patriarchal culture. In addition, this study also attempts to examine some reasons for rejecting the patriarchal interpretation as initiated by the feminists, with their aim to reject anti-women discourse and to emphasize the women-friendly interpretation of the Islamic texts. The finding shows that patriarchal interpretation might be the reason for mistreatment towards women, however, the Hadith contains divine wisdom equally for both genders. It is a mutual responsibility to provide a better understanding of the Hadith textually and contextually.
The Role of Muslim Families Awareness on The Importance of Entrepreneurship Development in Sokoto State
Authors: - Hassan , - Ashraf , - Yusmini
Published: June 2024

Interest in promoting awareness on entrepreneurship for economic development has been increasing worldwide, but there is no study that explores the gigantic role Muslim families’ awareness on the importance of entrepreneurship development in Sokoto. Entrepreneurship development has been globally recognized as important vehicle for economic development. Muslim families’ awareness has played a significant role in promoting entrepreneurship for economic growth and national development. The major objective of this study is to explore the role of Muslim family awareness on the importance of entrepreneurship development in Sokoto state. Qualitative methodological approach was employed in data collection and analysis. Purposive sampling technique was considered most suitable for this study; the criteria used for selecting the participants were based on relevance, expertise, professionalism and willingness to participate in the study. Semi-structured Interview and focus group discussion was used for the data collection. The participants interviewed included family experts, Muslim family counsellors and Islamic scholars comprising of five (5) participants for each research subject. A total of twelve (15) participants were sampled for the study. This study revealed evidence that; success in advocating entrepreneurship development awareness is through the role of parents in entrepreneurship development, role of Islamic scholars; and role of family and media in promoting entrepreneurship which has a significant impact on Muslim individuals in advancing their business for economic development. However, future research is needed, using quantitative method to explore the gigantic role of Muslim families’ awareness in promoting entrepreneurship for human development in Sokoto state, Nigeria.
التأهيل الأخلاقي للعاملين في المصارف الإسلامية بين النظرية والتطبيق
Authors: - Mosab , - Suhaili
Published: June 2024

تناولت هذه الدراسة الموسومة ب "التأهيل الأخلاقي للعاملين في المصارف الإسلامية بين النظرية والتطبيق" موضوع تأهيل العاملين في الصيرفة الإسلامية بشكل عام، حيث تناول الباحث مفهوم التأهيل الأخلاقي وأهميته وأهدافه، حيث هدفت الدراسة إلى تقييم جهود التعليم والتدريب المصرفي الإسلامي من النواحي السلوكية، ومعرفة الفجوة بين ما هو متاح وما هو مطلوب من العاملين الم ؤهلين أخلاقيا، كما تتناول الدراسة المواد التي تشكل أساسا للتدريب، ومحاور التدريب التي تجمع بين النظريات العلمية وصقل المهارات التطبيقية. وقد استخدم الباحث لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وكانت أهم التوصيات؛ ضرورة تهيئة العاملين قبل العمل في المؤسسات المالية الإسلامية من خلال برامج تدريبية متخصصة ومتعمقة في أمور الصيرفة الإسلامية من الناحية المهنية والأخلاقية عن طريق إنشاء مراكز مستقلة للتدريب المصرفي الإسلامي أو بالتعاون مع الجامعات عن طريق ادراج مواضيع الأخلاق ولسلوك ضمن المناهج التدريسية
The Approach of Sheikh Ahmed Mustafa Al-Maraghi in His Interpretation of The Noble Quran: A Critical Analysis Study
Authors: - Mahmoud , - Thabet , - Sedek
Published: June 2024

The research deals with the approach of Sheikh Ahmed Mustafa Al-Maraghi in his interpretation of the Noble Quran, as a critical analysis study, and the research aims to know the approach of Sheikh Al-Maraghi in his interpretation for the Noble Quran, with an explanation of the advantages and disadvantages that were taken on the interpretation of Al-Maraghi, may Allah have mercy on him. On fundamental results, the most important of which are: that the interpretation of al-Maraghi is one of the interpretations of the modern mental school, and it combined the ease of presenting the interpretation with the clarity of the method, and the drawbacks that were taken on the interpretation of al-Maraghi resulted from the imitation of al-Maraghi of Imam Muhammad Abdo and Sheikh Rashid Rida, and I recommended the scientific and academic researchers to devote more studies on the approaches of Nobel Quran’s interpreters in the twentieth century, and to serve and investigate the interpretation of Sheikh Al-Maraghi in order to avoid the drawbacks that was taken about his interpretation , and to present it to the reader in an appropriate way. Keywords:
Manhaj Al-Imam Al-Shafi'i Dalam Periwayatan Hadith: Penelitian Terhadap Karya Ikhtilaf Al-Hadith
Authors: Md Ariffin Mohd Farhan , Mohd Rokhibi Ibrahim Adham , Syafie Shafiza , Safwan Harun Muhammad
Published: June 2024

Al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī merupakan ulama yang terkenal dalam sejarah Islam bahkan beliau dikenal sebagai mujtahid mutlaq. Beliau menguasai banyak aspek dalam ilmu pengetahuan Islam, termasuklah bidang hadith. Kredibiliti beliau dalam bidang hadith sering dipertikaikan oleh sebahagian kelompok salafi, kerana al-Imām al-Shāfiʻī dianggap hanya pakar dalam bidang fiqh. Maka, artikel ini berusaha untuk meneliti manhaj al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī dalam periwayatan hadith dengan meneliti karya Ikhtilāf al-Ḥadīth sekaligus membuktikan ketokohan beliau dalam bidang hadith. Kajian ini bersifat kajian kualitatif yang melibatkan metode pengumpulan data melalui kajian kepustakaan. Data-data yang dikumpul seterusnya dianalisis mengguna pakai kaedah induktif, deduktif, analisis kandungan dan tematik. Hasilnya, didapati sebanyak enam metodologi berkaitan riwayat hadith yang diaplikasi oleh beliau dan turut disokong oleh argumen dan bukti sahih.
Kemasukan Islam ke Arkipelago Melayu: Kajian Pemikiran Hamka dalam Sejarah Umat Islam
Authors: Amir Ahmad Nabil
Published: June 2024

Kertas ini membincangkan sejarah kemasukan Islam ke rantau melayu seperti yang dicatatkan oleh Hamka dalam Sejarah Umat Islam dan Dari Perbendaharaan Lama. Dalam penelitiannya yang signifikan tentang sejarah perkembangan Islam di nusantara, Hamka tuntas mempertahankan kenyataan bahawa Islam masuk ke rantau ini pada kurun ke 7 M dari tanah Arab, dan menolak tesis yang menyatakan Islam disebarkan pada kurun ke 13 dari Gujerat. Ini dipertahankan dengan sumber sejarah yang signifikan yang membuktikan Islam telah bertapak di dunia melayu seawal kurun ke 7. Kertas ini akan menganalisis pemikiran Hamka tentang perkembangan sejarah terawal Islam di dunia melayu yang dicerakinkan dan dibahaskan dengan terperinci dalam karyanya, dan membandingkannya dengan analisis Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas dalam Islam dalam Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Melayu yang mempertahankan tesis yang sama.