bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Little cinema culture: Networks of digital files and festival on the fringes
Authors: Mukherjee Madhuja
Published: November 2019

This article reflects on the contemporary digital turn that has transformed our audio-visual experiences fundamentally, and has affected mainstream control over production and circulation of data. Clearly, such conditions have reinvented the problematical relation between producer and receiver. In relation to such circumstances, the article focuses on marginal film festivals, especially the TENT 'Little Cinema International Festival' for experimental films and new media-art, held in Kolkata, India, since 2014. 'Little Cinema International Festival', on one hand, showcases international packages such as those from Berlinale; on the other hand, it presents curated programmes comprising videos made by first-time filmmakers from India. The article deliberates on the broad and long drawn contexts of 'festivals' and artistic endeavours, as well as the formal contours of the videos, which generate spaces for dialogues, both within the filmic text, and in the milieus in which these are shown. The emphasis on the thriving 'amateur' practice also draws attention to 'Little Magazine', 'Little Theatre' and 'Little Film' practices in West Bengal, as well as contemporary new-media transactions, which has transmediated into newer modes of articulations.
Expression of plasma microRNA in patients with acromegaly
Authors: Lutsenko Alexander S. , Belaya Zhanna E. , Przhiyalkovskaya Elena G. , Nikitin Alexey G. , Koshkin Philipp A. , Lapshina Anastasiya M. , Khandaeva Patimat M. , Melnichenko Galina A.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND: microRNA is a class of small non-coding RNA molecules involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. MicroRNAs are detectable in blood in stable concentrations, which makes them promising biomarkers for various diseases.
AIM: to assess plasma microRNA expression in patients with active acromegaly compared with healthy controls.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: single-center, case-control study: assessment of plasma microRNA in patients with acromegaly compared with healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were drawn and centrifuged at +5С temperature and 3000 rpm for 20 minutes, then aliquoted and frozen at 80C until further analysis. MicroRNA extraction and library preparation was done according to manufacturers instructions. Expression analysis was performed on NextSeq sequencer. Bioinformatic analysis using atropos (adapted deletion), STAR (aligning), FastQC (quality control), seqbuster/seqcluster/miRge2 (microRNA annotation, isomiR and new microRNA search, expression analysis). Primary endpoint of the study differential expression of plasma microRNA in patients with acromegaly compared with healthy controls.
RESULTS: we included 12 patients with acromegaly age 33.1 [20; 47], BMI 29.3 kg/m2 [24.0; 39.6], IGF-1 686.1 ng/mL [405.9; 1186.0] and 12 healthy subjects age 36.2 [26; 44], BMI 26.7 kg/m2 [19.5; 42.5], IGF-1 210.4 ng/mL [89.76; 281.90]; gender ratio for both groups 4 males, 8 females. The groups did not differ in gender (p=0.666), age (p=0.551) and BMI (p=0.378). We found decreased expression of four microRNAs in patients with acromegaly: miR-4446-3p 1.317 (p=0.001), miR-215-5p 3.040 (p=0.005), miR-342-5p 1.875 (p=0.013) and miR-191-5p 0.549 (p=0.039). However, none of these changes were statistically significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (q 0.1).
CONCLUSION: we found four microRNAs, which could potentially be downregulated in plasma of patients with acromegaly. The result need to be validated using different measurement method with larger sample size.
Foreign investment & growth in emerging economies: panel ARDL analysis
Authors: Appiah Michael , Li Fanglin , Korankye Benjamin
Published: November 2019

Recently, the contributory role of foreign investment growth in Africa has been considered by researchers and policymakers. Studies in this area are not yet clear. Besides, foreign direct investment has emerged as a determining factor of economic growth. Concerning this evidence, the current study tries to investigate the contributions of foreign direct investment on economic growth or for developing the economy of Africa. This study used yearly panel data for the period 1995-2015 for 5 developing the economy of Africa. The results of Panel ARDL indicate that foreign direct investment has a positive effect on economic growth as well as a positive sign of trade openness, inflation, and labor. The study also stresses that, for increasing economic growth, there is a need to seek more foreign investments, increase trade openness and inflation, and at the same time, to improve the employment condition in the selected African developing countries.
Corporate Law, Government Intervention and Corporate Ownership Structure
Authors: Miao Miao , Liu An , Shi Jiaming
Published: November 2019

We compare the influence of legal and political factors on the corporate ownership structure of Chinese listed companies. We find that: (1) the improvement of corporate law quality and the less government intervene on firms lead to a decrease in corporate ownership concentration; (2) compared with the provincial corporate law performance, the effects of the provincial government intervention on the concentration of ownership is relatively significant; (3) the impact of government intervention on corporate ownership structure of state-owned firms are larger than that of private firms, whereas the impact of provincial corporate law implementation performance is more significant in samples of private firms. The policy implications are that most China’s SOE reform measures have yet not cure the crux. The success of the reform may primarily depends on the re-examination and restructure of the political institutions.
Obtaining information from the brain in a non-invasive way: determination of iron in nasal exudate to differentiate hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes
Authors: García-Cabo Carmen , Llano-Suárez Pablo , Benavente-Fernández Lorena , Calleja-Puerta Sergio , Costa-Fernández José Manuel , Fernández-Abedul M. Teresa
Published: November 2019

Background

Differentiation between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is currently made by brain imaging or analyzing blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. After describing a new drainage route from brain to nasal mucosa, nasal exudate samples can be considered a new and promising source of biomarkers. Saliva can also be evaluated.

Methods

We determined iron in nasal exudate and saliva samples from patients of acute stroke during the first 48 h from onset. A simple, non-invasive sampling procedure was employed to obtain information from the brain. Samples were taken with a pre-weighed swab, solved in a 2% nitric acid solution and iron was measured by inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS).

Results

A significant difference in the dispersion of results of iron concentration for both stroke subtypes was observed in nasal exudate samples. The interquartile range was 0.608 nmol mg−1 of iron for hemorrhagic strokes and only 0.044 nmol mg−1 for ischemic strokes. In saliva samples, however, the values were 0.236 vs. 0.157 nmol mg−1. A cut-off limit of 0.102 nmol of iron per mg of nasal exudate provides a methodology with a 90% of sensitivity and a 90% of specificity. The value of the area under (AUC) the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for nasal exudate samples is 0.960, considered as very good in which regards to its predictive value.

Conclusions

Non-invasive samples of nasal secretion have allowed obtaining, for the first time, information from the brain. Determination of iron in nasal exudate by ICP-MS allowed differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.
Effect of pulp fibers on the surface softness component of hygiene paper
Authors: Park Jung Yoon , Melani Lili , Lee Hyeonggyu , Kim Hyoung Jin
Published: November 2019

This study analyzed the effect that pulp fibers have on the surface softness component of hygiene paper. The surface softness component has more of an influence on the evaluation of subjective softness results than the bulk softness component. Using the surface softness measurement technique, this study aimed to evaluate the effect that fibers have on the softness of hygiene paper substrate via objective numerical values to measure the surface softness component of hand sheets composed of various pulp species. The results indicate that coarseness effects had the largest effect on softness among the various fiber characteristics, such as average fiber length, width and coarseness. As fiber coarseness increased, a rough surface formed, which resulted in an increase in the mean deviation from the average friction (MMD). Nonwood fibers had long fiber length and low coarseness, which enables the production of hygiene paper with high strength and softness. This study hopefully could lead to the development of various process technologies that may improve the softness of hygiene paper products.
Effect of ghrelin on VEGF-B and connexin-43 in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Elhadidy Mona G. , Elmasry Ahlam , Rabei Mohammed R. , Eladel Ahmed E.
Published: November 2019

Background

Since their discovery in the early 1960s, doxorubicin (DOX) remains the most effective anticancer drug. However, this drug has confirmed to be a double-edged sword because it causes a cardiomyopathy that leads to congestive heart failure. Ghrelin, a multi-functional peptide, plays an important role in cardiovascular protection. Therefore, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on vascular endothelial growth factor-beta (VEGF-B) and connexin-43 (Cx43) expression in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.

Methods

Forty adult male rats were divided randomly into four groups: normal, normal + ghrelin, DOX-induced cardiomyopathy, and DOX-induced cardiomyopathy + ghrelin. Biochemical and histopathological analysis, electrocardiograph (ECG), heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and immunohistochemical staining of VEGF-B and Cx43 were assessed for all rats in heart tissue specimens. The duration of the study was 2 weeks.

Results

DOX-induced cardiomyopathy in rats showed significant ECG changes such as prolongation of PR, QT, QTC intervals and ST segment, a decrease in amplitude and an increase in the duration of QRS complex, bradycardia, and a decrease in SBP. Also, rats in the DOX group showed myocardial histopathological damage in the form of severe fibrosis with decreased expression of Cx43 and a non-significant difference in expression of VEGF-B when compared to normal rats. Treatment with ghrelin resulted in a significant improvement in all the studied parameters and was associated with an increase in VEGF-B and Cx43 expression.

Conclusions

Ghrelin has a beneficial effect against DOX-induced cardiomyopathy which may be mediated through VEGF-B and Cx43 expression in the myocardium. Ghrelin is a promising cardioprotective drug in DOX-induced cardiomyopathy patients, but further studies are needed to evaluate its use.
Evaluation of the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic-like activities of aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus in mice
Authors: Umukoro Solomon , Ben-Azu Benneth , Iyiola Azeez O. , Adeboye Bamboye , Ajayi Abayomi M. , Adebesin Adaeze , Omorobge Osarume
Published: November 2019

Background

Anxiety is a common ailment of high co-morbidity with epilepsy, a chronic neurologic disease characterized by recurrent seizures. Current drugs used for these conditions have several limitations such as disabling side effects, relapse, and ineffectiveness in certain population necessitating the search for alternative options. The aqueous leaf extract of Cymbopogon citratus (CYC) is widely used for its various health-promoting effects including relief of seizures and anxiety in ethnomedicine. This present study describes its effects on convulsions, anxiety-like behaviors, and social interaction in mice.

Methods

Male Swiss mice were pretreated orally with CYC (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg), or distilled water (10 mL/kg) 60 min before induction of convulsions with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of picrotoxin (10 mg/kg), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ; 85 mg/kg), or isoniazid (300 mg/kg). The animals were then observed for the occurrence of seizure for 30 min or 2 h for isoniazid. The effects of CYC on anxiety-like behaviors, social interaction, and spontaneous motor activity (SMA) were evaluated in naive mice.

Results

CYC (25–100 mg/kg) did not prevent convulsions nor delay the latency to convulsions induced by picrotoxin, PTZ, or isoniazid. Pretreatment with CYC (50 and 100 mg/kg, p.o) produced anxiolytic-like effect, decreased SMA, and also enhanced social interaction behavior in naive mice.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that CYC did not exhibit an anticonvulsant property in mice injected with picrotoxin, PTZ, or isoniazid, but its anxiolytic-like activity and social interaction-promoting effect might be of benefit as an adjuvant in improving the quality of life of epileptic patients.
Omics-based biomarkers in the diagnosis of diabetes
Authors: Gan Wei Zien , Ramachandran Valsala , Lim Crystale Siew Ying , Koh Rhun Yian
Published: November 2019

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases related to the dysfunction of insulin, causing hyperglycaemia and life-threatening complications. Current early screening and diagnostic tests for DM are based on changes in glucose levels and autoantibody detection. This review evaluates recent studies on biomarker candidates in diagnosing type 1, type 2 and gestational DM based on omics classification, whilst highlighting the relationship of these biomarkers with the development of diabetes, diagnostic accuracy, challenges and future prospects. In addition, it also focuses on possible non-invasive biomarker candidates besides common blood biomarkers.
Gallstone formation due to rapid weight loss through hyperthyroidism
Authors: Nakano Satoshi , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Haruna Hidenori , Yamataka Atsuyuki , Shimizu Toshiaki
Published: November 2019

Background

Cholesterol metabolism has dramatically changed under hyperthyroid status. However, a combination of hyperthyroidism and cholecystolithiasis is very rare.

Case presentation

We report a case of cholelithiasis accompanied by hyperthyroidism in a 13-year-old girl who had recently lost 13 kg of weight (from 53 to 40 kg) in 1 month without loss of appetite. Ultrasonography showed multiple hyperechoic areas with acoustic shadowing in the gallbladder. Thyroid function tests showed that her serum free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were elevated and the thyroid-stimulating hormone level was decreased. In addition, serum thyrotropin receptor antibody and thyroid-stimulating antibody were detected. The final diagnosis was cholelithiasis with Graves’ disease. Thiamazole ingestion was started immediately after the diagnosis, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed 33 days after hospitalization.

Conclusions

Massive and sudden weight loss could be a risk factor for gallstone formation in children. In addition, hyperthyroidism has the potential to promote cholelithiasis via cholesterol metabolism.
Significance of the routine first-trimester antenatal screening program for aneuploidy in the assessment of the risk of placenta accreta spectrum disorders
Authors: Penzhoyan Grigory A. , Makukhina Tatiana B.
Published: November 2019

Objective

To select a group at high risk of placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) based on the data of serum screening in the first trimester.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 48 patients with abnormal placental location (AP), including placenta previa (PP) only (n = 23) and PP and PAS (n = 25), was performed. Additionally, the AP group was divided depending on the blood loss volume: not higher than 1000 mL (LBL) (n = 29) and higher than 1000 mL (HBL) (n = 19); diagnostic term of PAS by ultrasound, data pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (РAРР-A) and free β subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (free β-hCG) multiple of median (MоM) at 11+0–13+6 weeks of gestation were evaluated. Serological markers were compared with the data of 39 healthy pregnant women with scar after previous cesarean section and normal placental location (control).

Results

The mean gestation at diagnostic term of PAS was 29 weeks. PAPP-Р MоM [mean (M) ± standard deviation (SD)] was: in controls, 1.07 ± 0.47; in the AP group, 1.59 ± 0.24; in PP, 1.91 ± 1.52; in PAS, 1.30 ± 0.85; in LBL, 1.37 ± 1.20; in HBL, 1.91 ± 1.24. The difference between control/AP, control/PP, control/PAS, PP/PAS, control/LBL, control/HBL and LBL/HBL was Р = 0.256, 0.145, 0.640, 0.311, 0.954, 0.025 and 0.09, respectively. Free β-hCG MoM (M ± SD) was: in controls, 1.08 ± 0.69, in AP, 1.31 ± 0.96; in PP, 1.46 ± 0.19; in PAS, 1.16 ± 0.65; in LBL, 1.30 ± 0.06; in HBL, 1.32 ± 0.78. Comparison of free β-hCG AP with controls and between subgroups did not reveal a significant difference.

Conclusion

Underestimation of PAS risk factors in pregnant women with AP leads to late diagnostics of pathology only in the third trimester. The assessment of the РAРР-A level in the first trimester may be helpful for the early prognosis of pathological blood loss at delivery for pregnant women with AP and for forming the high-risk group for PAS.
Kierkegaard’s Aesthete in Either/Or: Using Hegelian Mediation in Everyday Life
Authors: Davidshofer Claudine
Published: November 2019

This paper discusses how Kierkegaard’s aesthete in Either/Or’s “Diapsalmata” and “Rotation of Crops” attempts to apply Hegel’s principle of mediation to everyday decision-making. This paper has two main goals: First, it provides an in-depth analysis of exactly how the aesthete’s approach to decision-making follows the dialectical pattern of Hegelian mediation. Second, it argues that even though the aesthete meets with unfortunate results, the aesthete cannot be so easily dismissed. The aesthete’s Hegelian perspective is still relevant to daily life because it provides an insightful view into how we ourselves sometimes approach decisions and cope with the difficulty of making decisions.
From body part to applicative: Encoding ‘source’ in Murrinhpatha
Authors: Nordlinger Rachel
Published: November 2019

Murrinhpatha (non-Pama-Nyungan, Australia) is typologically unusual in having a single applicative construction with the semantics of source/malefactive, but never benefactive. In this paper I discuss the development of this applicative from an incorporated body part meaning ‘hand’. I show that the applicative developed from a reanalysis of the external possession construction; and that the applicative morphology developed from the incorporated body part, rather than from a verbal or adpositional source. This contributes to our understanding of the typology of applicative constructions and also highlights the value in exploring the complex verbal constructions of polysynthetic languages to inform our understanding of grammaticalisation possibilities.
Veitstanz und Fortschritt
Authors: Moll Björn
Published: November 2019

This article focusses on the discourse surrounding ›projectors‹, autoentrepeneurs, who made plans for innovations of any kind and tried to have potential financiers promote them, from the Baroque to German Romanticism. While the role of projectors in the history of science has been the object of historical study, there is a lack of research regarding the concept’s trajectory and its semantic variation. In the early modern period, the necessity of innovation was emphasized, but also the contingency of project proposals. During the Enlightenment, the tradition of the approval of project-making continued, but projects became detached from projectors. In the late 18th century, the idea of speculation and the fantastic transformed within the area of creativity, due to the primacy of imagination and genius. What happened to the talk about projectors and their ways of self-fashioning after the disappearance of the social figure? What enabled authors to refer to projectors and how was their role historically discussed? Projectors served as a topos of insanity or deception or a sign of unprofessionalism (as shown in examples by Goethe and Schiller). Romanticism carried with it the positive connotations of the project, but also reinterpreted its negative aspects, such as the value of incompletion, insanity and alternative ways of work.
Hot Workability and Microstructure Control of Aluminum-2.5 Copper-1.5 Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Krishnan A. Sarath , Kumar V. Anil , Gupta R. K. , Deepumon C. , Murty S. V. S. Narayana
Published: November 2019

Aluminum-2.5 copper-1.5 magnesium alloy is an important aerospace alloy and is extensively used in the fabrication of aerospace and aircraft systems. Hot working parameters for the alloy have been generated through hot isothermal compression testing at different temperatures (673–748 K at an interval of 25 K) and at strain rates of 0.01 to 10 s−1. Hot workability of alloy has been established by using the instability criteria and validating the same with microstructural evolution. Further, the Holloman parameter was calculated, and the constitutive equation has been derived. Optimum parameters for the hot deformation were evolved avoiding the unstable metal flow regimes of 673–760 K at 0.1 to 1 s−1. Maximum power efficiency in the dynamic recrystallization domain of the alloy is found to be ∼0.6, indicating stable material flow during hot deformation. Strain rate sensitivity (m) value of 0.25–0.35 is observed in the stable regime at strain rates of 0.01–0.1 from 698 to 748 K indicating superplastic flow domain. Very fine recrystallized grains can be seen at higher temperatures greater than 723 K and lower strain rates of 0.1 and 0.01 s−1, which grow further with an increase in temperature, indicating onset of grain growth.
Excitatory–Inhibitory Synaptic Coupling in Avian Nucleus Magnocellularis
Authors: Al-Yaari Mohammed , Yamada Rei , Kuba Hiroshi
Published: November 2019

The activity of neurons is determined by the balance between their excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Neurons in the avian nucleus magnocellularis (NM) integrate monosynaptic excitatory and polysynaptic inhibitory inputs from the auditory nerve, and transmit phase-locked output to higher auditory centers. The excitatory input is graded tonotopically, such that neurons tuned to higher frequency receive fewer, but larger, axon terminals. However, it remains unknown how the balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs is determined in NM. We here examined synaptic and spike responses of NM neurons during stimulation of the auditory nerve in thick brain slices of chicken of both sexes, and found that the excitatory–inhibitory balance varied according to tonotopic region, ensuring reliable spike output across frequencies. Auditory nerve stimulation elicited IPSCs in NM neurons regardless of tonotopic region, but the dependence of IPSCs on intensity varied in a systematic way. In neurons tuned to low frequency, IPSCs appeared and increased in parallel with EPSCs with elevation of intensity, which expanded dynamic range by preventing saturation of spike generation. On the other hand, in neurons tuned to higher frequency, IPSCs were smaller than EPSCs and had higher thresholds for activation, thus facilitating high-fidelity transmission. Computer simulation confirmed that these differences in inhibitory input were optimally matched to the patterns of excitatory input, and enabled appropriate level of neuronal output for wide intensity and frequency ranges of sound in the auditory system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurons in nucleus magnocellularis encode timing information of sound across wide intensity ranges by integrating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs from the auditory nerve, but underlying synaptic mechanisms of this integration are not fully understood. We here show that the excitatory–inhibitory relationship was expressed differentially at each tonotopic region; the relationship was linear in neurons tuned to low-frequency, expanding dynamic range by preventing saturation of spike generation; by contrast inhibitory input remained much smaller than excitatory input in neurons tuned to higher frequency, thus ensuring high-fidelity transmission. The tonotopic regulation of excitatory and inhibitory input optimized the output across frequencies and intensities, playing a fundamental role in the timing coding pathway in the auditory system.
Local and Physiological Control of Germline Stem Cell Lineages in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Drummond-Barbosa Daniela
Published: November 2019

The long-term survival of any multicellular species depends on the success of its germline in producing high-quality gametes and maximizing survival of the offspring. Studies in Drosophila melanogaster have led our growing understanding of how germline stem cell (GSC) lineages maintain their function and adjust their behavior according to varying environmental and/or physiological conditions. This review compares and contrasts the local regulation of GSCs by their specialized microenvironments, or niches; discusses how diet and diet-dependent factors, mating, and microorganisms modulate GSCs and their developing progeny; and briefly describes the tie between physiology and development during the larval phase of the germline cycle. Finally, it concludes with broad comparisons with other organisms and some future directions for further investigation.
Males, Outcrossing, and Sexual Selection in Caenorhabditis Nematodes
Authors: Cutter Asher D , Morran Levi T , Phillips Patrick C
Published: November 2019

Males of Caenorhabditis elegans provide a crucial practical tool in the laboratory, but, as the rarer and more finicky sex, have not enjoyed the same depth of research attention as hermaphrodites. Males, however, have attracted the attention of evolutionary biologists who are exploiting the C. elegans system to test longstanding hypotheses about sexual selection, sexual conflict, transitions in reproductive mode, and genome evolution, as well as to make new discoveries about Caenorhabditis organismal biology. Here, we review the evolutionary concepts and data informed by study of males of C. elegans and other Caenorhabditis. We give special attention to the important role of sperm cells as a mediator of inter-male competition and male–female conflict that has led to drastic trait divergence across species, despite exceptional phenotypic conservation in many other morphological features. We discuss the evolutionary forces important in the origins of reproductive mode transitions from males being common (gonochorism: females and males) to rare (androdioecy: hermaphrodites and males) and the factors that modulate male frequency in extant androdioecious populations, including the potential influence of selective interference, host–pathogen coevolution, and mutation accumulation. Further, we summarize the consequences of males being common vs rare for adaptation and for trait divergence, trait degradation, and trait dimorphism between the sexes, as well as for molecular evolution of the genome, at both micro-evolutionary and macro-evolutionary timescales. We conclude that C. elegans male biology remains underexploited and that future studies leveraging its extensive experimental resources are poised to discover novel biology and to inform profound questions about animal function and evolution.
Physicochemical Conditions of Formation of Gold and Silver Parageneses at the Valunistoe Deposit (Chukchi Peninsula)
Authors: Zhuravkova T.V. , Palyanova G.A. , Kalinin Yu.A. , Goryachev N.A. , Zinina V.Yu. , Zhitova L.M.
Published: November 2019

—The mineral composition of ores from the Gornyi occurrence of the Valunistoe epithermal Au–Ag deposit (Chukchi Peninsula) has been studied. It has been found that, in addition to native gold, the Au–Ag mineralization comprises chalcogenides (uytenbogaardtite, petrovskaite, acanthite, naumannite, and cervelleite) and minerals of the pearceite–polybasite series, which occur as microinclusions in fine-grained pyrite. The physicochemical conditions of formation of productive mineral assemblages have been estimated based on the chemical composition of Au and Ag minerals and their relationships with other minerals. It is shown that ores were deposited from weakly acid solutions at the late stages, on the background of a temperature decrease from 350 to 100 °C, a decrease in the fugacities of sulfur (logfS2, from −2 to −23), tellurium (logfTe2, from –5 to –27), and selenium (logfSe2, from −16.5 to −28), and changes in the redox conditions (logfO2, from −23 to −48).
Establishing New Norms for Developmental Milestones
Authors: Sheldrick R. Christopher , Schlichting Lauren E. , Berger Blythe , Clyne Ailis , Ni Pensheng , Perrin Ellen C. , Vivier Patrick M.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Pediatric surveillance of young children depends on providers’ assessment of developmental milestones, yet normative data are sparse. Our objectives were to develop new norms for common milestones to aid in clinical interpretation of milestone attainment.

METHODS:

We analyzed responses to the developmental screening form of the Survey of Well-being of Young Children from 41 465 screens across 3 states. Associations between developmental status and a range of child characteristics were analyzed, and norms for individual questions were compared to guidelines regarding attainment of critical milestones from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

RESULTS:

A contemporary resource of normative data for developmental milestone attainment was established. Lower developmental status was associated with child age in the presence of positive behavioral screening scores (P < .01), social determinants of health (P < .01), Medicaid (P < .01), male sex (P < .01), and child race (P < .01). Comparisons between Survey of Well-being of Young Children developmental questions and CDC guidelines reveal that a high percentage of children are reported to pass milestones by the age at which the CDC states that “most children pass” and that an even higher percentage of children are reported to pass milestones by the age at which the CDC states that parents should “act early.” An interactive data visualization tool that can assist clinicians in real-time developmental screening and surveillance interpretation is also provided.

CONCLUSIONS:

Detailed normative data on individual developmental milestones can help clinicians guide caregivers’ expectations for milestone attainment, thereby offering greater specificity to CDC guidelines.
2019 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Advanced Life Support: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Duff Jonathan P. , Topjian Alexis A. , Berg Marc D. , Chan Melissa , Haskell Sarah E. , Joyner Benny L. , Lasa Javier J. , Ley S. Jill , Raymond Tia T. , Sutton Robert Michael , Hazinski Mary Fran , Atkins Dianne L.
Published: November 2019

This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association pediatric advanced life support guidelines follows the 2018 and 2019 systematic reviews performed by the Pediatric Life Support Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. It aligns with the continuous evidence review process of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, with updates published when the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation completes a literature review based on new published evidence. This update provides the evidence review and treatment recommendations for advanced airway management in pediatric cardiac arrest, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pediatric cardiac arrest, and pediatric targeted temperature management during post–cardiac arrest care. The writing group analyzed the systematic reviews and the original research published for each of these topics. For airway management, the writing group concluded that it is reasonable to continue bag-mask ventilation (versus attempting an advanced airway such as endotracheal intubation) in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. When extracorporeal membrane oxygenation protocols and teams are readily available, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be considered for patients with cardiac diagnoses and in-hospital cardiac arrest. Finally, it is reasonable to use targeted temperature management of 32°C to 34°C followed by 36°C to 37.5°C, or to use targeted temperature management of 36°C to 37.5°C, for pediatric patients who remain comatose after resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest or in-hospital cardiac arrest.
2019 American Heart Association Focused Update on Neonatal Resuscitation: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Authors: Escobedo Marilyn B. , Aziz Khalid , Kapadia Vishal S. , Lee Henry C. , Niermeyer Susan , Schmölzer Georg M. , Szyld Edgardo , Weiner Gary M. , Wyckoff Myra H. , Yamada Nicole K. , Zaichkin Jeanette G.
Published: November 2019

This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association neonatal resuscitation guidelines is based on 2 evidence reviews recently completed under the direction of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Neonatal Life Support Task Force. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Expert Systematic Reviewer and content experts performed comprehensive reviews of the scientific literature on the appropriate initial oxygen concentration for use during neonatal resuscitation in 2 groups: term and late-preterm newborns (≥35 weeks of gestation) and preterm newborns (<35 weeks of gestation). This article summarizes those evidence reviews and presents recommendations. The recommendations for neonatal resuscitation are as follows: In term and late-preterm newborns (≥35 weeks of gestation) receiving respiratory support at birth, the initial use of 21% oxygen is reasonable. One hundred percent oxygen should not be used to initiate resuscitation because it is associated with excess mortality. In preterm newborns (<35 weeks of gestation) receiving respiratory support at birth, it may be reasonable to begin with 21% to 30% oxygen and to base subsequent oxygen titration on oxygen saturation targets. These guidelines require no change in the Neonatal Resuscitation Algorithm–2015 Update.
Analytical solution for transport of degradable contaminant in cut-off wall and aquifer
Authors: Chen Zhang-Long , Feng Shi-Jin , Chen Hong-Xin , Peng Ming-Qing , Li Yi-Cheng , Zhu Zhang-Wen
Published: November 2019

An analytical solution for contaminant transport through a vertical cut-off wall and aquifer system is developed, which can consider the advection, dispersion and degradation processes. The uniqueness of the solution is that it includes hyperbolic eigenfunctions, considers the degradation process and is suitable for an aquifer with finite thickness due to the existence of a river or lake. The solution is first verified against an existing analytical solution and a numerical model using the Comsol software program. The three important aspects are then investigated and some important conclusions are obtained. In some scenarios, the hyperbolic eigenfunctions must be considered; otherwise, the obtained results are unreasonable. When the aquifer thickness is more than a critical value (approximately ten times the cut-off wall thickness in this study), it is reasonable to regard the aquifer as semi-infinite. Contaminant degradation has significant influence on contaminant transport. A higher degradation intensity leads to a lower contaminant concentration but a larger mass flux in the cut-off wall. Therefore, the present solution is suitable for an aquifer with arbitrary thickness and has better applicability than the existing analytical solutions. It is promising to be used as an applicable tool for the design of vertical slurry cut-off walls.
Curved fibre-reinforced-polymer risers: inner-flow-induced dynamic instability analysis
Authors: Pavlou Dimitrios
Published: November 2019

Free hanging catenary and steep wave risers consist of curved portions. The inner flow in the curved portions causes considerable centrifugal forces, yielding dynamic motion. The interaction of the inner fluid flow with the riser motion causes Coriolis forces acting in a direction opposing the motion. The dynamic response of the riser is the consequence of the balance of the centrifugal, Coriolis, inertial, flexural restoring and drag forces. The aim of this study is the analysis of the inner-flow-induced dynamic instability of curved risers made from fibre-reinforced polymer. To this end, the motion equation and boundary conditions are treated with the transfer matrix method. The natural frequencies and the critical inner flow velocities causing instability are calculated. The implementation of the proposed method in representative examples is provided and commented on.
(Re)discutindo os contos de fadas e desconstruindo a visão da inocência
Authors: Reis Elaine Silva , Ferreira Lidiane Reis , Dorziat Ana
Published: November 2019

Os contos de fadas, antigamente, eram restritos às esferas dos livros ou das rodas de conversa. Porém, atualmente, ganharam novas roupagens, passando a invadir a esfera midiática e publicitária. Para entender melhor o universo mágico e oculto dos contos de fadas, bem como a ideologia perpassada nos anúncios publicitários, estabelecemos como objetivo principal investigar os discursos presentes nos “contos de Melissa”, marcados pelo interdiscurso e pela intertextualidade com os contos de fadas tradicionais. Esses anúncios exploram recursos imagéticos vinculados ao campo da sexualidade para desconstruir a visão da inocência atrelada a personagens que, tradicionalmente, são representadas na sociedade como donzelas indefesas e ingênuas.
Earthquakes Felt in the Juan Fernandez Islands: Where Are They Coming from?
Authors: Carrasco Sebastián , Ruiz Sergio , Sáez Miguel
Published: November 2019

The Juan Fernandez Islands (JFI) are located in the Pacific Ocean 675 km west of the Chilean coast. This archipelago has historically been affected by large tsunamis. Robinson Crusoe Island (RCI), the main island of the JFI, was first inhabited in 1749. Since then, several tsunamis have destroyed RCI port structures and sometimes caused deaths. Ground shaking perceived by the inhabitants has preceded some tsunami arrivals. Seismological instrumentation was temporarily deployed on RCI in 1999, and a permanent station has been operating since 2014. Here, we use these data to characterize the seismic waves that arrive at the JFI and to determine whether shaking perception could be used as a tsunami early warning system. We compute peak ground accelerations (PGAs) from P, S, and T waves generated by Peruvian and Chilean earthquakes and find that the largest ground shakings are mostly related to T‐wave arrivals, which correlate with macroseismic modified Mercalli intensities lower than III. From the analysis of PGAs and macroseismic intensities, we conclude that shaking perception can be associated with large megathrust earthquakes, subduction events generated in the deep zone of seismogenic contact, and local seismicity. Unfortunately, potential tsunami earthquakes that occur on the Chilean coast will not be felt on RCI. Consequently, ground shaking in the JFI would not be a good proxy for tsunami warning, and a robust tsunami early warning system is necessary for RCI.
EVALUASI PROGRAM PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS SWOT KELAS X DI SMA NEGERI 1 KESAMBEN
Authors: Sebtika Astrid Nanda , Winarno M. E. , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto
Published: November 2019

Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kekuatan, kelemahan, ancaman, dan peluang program Pembelajaran PJOK di SMA Negeri 1 Kesamben. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian evaluasi. Sumber data waka kurikulum, guru PJOK kelas X, dan siswa. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data yang telah dilakukan peneliti diketahui hasil evaluasi dengan analisis SWOT program pembelajaran PJOK di SMA Negeri 1 Kesamben tergolong baik, sehingga program pembelajaran yang telah ada dapat dilanjutkan dengan catatan bahwa perlu adanya perbaikan lebih lanjut mengenai sarana prasarana, pelaksanaan dan proses penilaian pembelajaran khususnya mata pelajaran PJOK guna untuk menghadapi lembaga sekolah lain yang lebih unggul. Kata Kunci: Evaluasi, Program Pembelajaran, Analisis SWOT
PENGARUH METODE DRILL DAN METODE BARRIER HOPS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SHOOTING
Authors: Pamungkas Tegar Satrya , Hariyoko Hariyoko
Published: November 2019

ABSTRACT: This research aims to knowing the effect difference of method to shooting learning result of School Fottball Unibraw 82 in Malang. This reseach method used an experiment conducted to School Football Unibraw 82 in Malang. Based on the result of thie reseach, (1) the learning with drill method treatment had an effect on the shooting learning result of the School Football Unibraw 82 participants (Fcount = 10,101 > Ftable = 4,26), (2) the learning of the barrier hops method gave effect to the shooting learning result of School Football Unibraw 82 (Fcount = 12,303 > Ftable = 4,26), (3) there is no significant difference between learning with drill and hops method on shooting result of School Football Unibraw 82 participants (Fcount = 0,567 < Ftable = 4,26). Keywords: method drill, method barrier hops, football shooting learning result. ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran shooting sepakbola terhadap hasil belajar shooting dan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh metode terhadap hasil belajar shooting SSB Unibraw 82 di Malang. Metode penelitian yang dipakai adalah eksperimen yang dilakukan kepada peserta SSB Unibraw 82 Kota Malang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) pembelajaran dengan perlakuan metode drill memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar shooting peserta SSB Unibraw 82 (Fhitung = 10,101 > Ftabel = 4,26), (2) pembelajaran perlakuan metode barrier hops memberikan pengaruh terhadap hasil belajar shooting peserta SSB Unibraw 82 (Fhitung = 12,303 > Ftabel = 4,26), (3) tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pembelajaran dengan metode drill dan metode barrier hops terhadap hasil belajar shooting peserta SSB Unibraw 82 (Fhitung = 0,567 < Ftabel = 4,26).Kata kunci: metode drill, metode barrier hops, hasil belajar shooting sepakbola.
Margen de intermediación y concentración bancaria en Colombia: un análisis para el periodo 2000-2017
Authors: Gil Leon José Mauricio , Castellanos Castellanos Dilsa Eliyer , Gonzalez Rodriguez Diego Leonardo
Published: November 2019

Este documento pretende explicar la relación entre el margen de intermediación bancaria y la concentración del sector de Colombia, desde la hipótesis que una mayor concentración lleva a los bancos a tener una diferencia más importante entre la tasa de colocación y la tasa de captación. La concentración se mide con el Índice de Herfindahl-Hirschman de los activos bancarios del país, deduciendo que entre 2000 y 2010 creció en forma importante por las fusiones y adquisiciones de los bancos, y a partir de ese año se tendió a estabilizar. Para evidenciar de manera clara la relación se estima un modelo ARDL, y se obtienen efectos positivos de largo plazo de la concentración bancaria, la inflación, la variación del PIB real y la tasa de encaje sobre el diferencial de tasas de interés.
Region wise referrals to a tertiary care centre: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Paidi Sirisha , Thonangi Aashritha
Published: November 2019

Background: Emergency obstetric care in health care requires a linked referral system to be effective in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. This review is aimed at summarizing the proportion of referrals from urban, rural and tribal areas of surrounding districts to tertiary care centre, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam for a 6 month period; from May 2018 to October 2018.Methods: Retrospective study done at a tertiary care teaching hospital, including 3157 cases referred from the surrounding urban, rural and tribal areas.Results: Out of the 3157 referred cases, most of them (1658) were from rural areas, 1030 from urban and 469 from tribal areas. Referrals done in view of post caesarean pregnancies were more in urban and rural areas whereas more preeclampsia and anaemia cases were referred from tribal areas. Various indications of referral are documented. Majority of them were unbooked cases.Conclusions: Specific guidelines regarding whom to refer, how to refer and when to refer would be helpful in making timely referral. These would also help to decrease the burden on the tertiary care centers which deal with a huge caseloads in spite of limited infrastructure and manpower. Adequate attention and better care can be given to complicated cases if the total case load is reduced. Stringent documentation in referral slip and better co-ordination are required for a strong health care system.
Analysis of characteristics of paraxial vector Gaussian beams affecting the formation of microstructures in an azopolymer
Authors:   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Khonina S.N. ,   Samara National Research University, Kharitonov S.I. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Volotovskiy S.G. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Podlipnov V.V. ,   IPSI RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Ivliev N.A. ,   IPSI RAS - Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: November 2019

The paper considers paraxial Gaussian laser beams with different polarization states and their characteristics, such as the Poynting vector, gradient force, and force density, which are important for evaluating the effects of radiation on matter. An analysis of the considered characteristics of laser radiation from the point of view of the formation of photoinduced microrelief in an azopolymer film is carried out.
Preparation of Nutrient Media from Lignocellulose: Compositional Optimization of Multienxyme Cocktail
Authors: Mironova G. F. , Skiba E. A. , Kukhlenko A. A.
Published: November 2019

Lignocellulose is a global inexhaustible resource for obtaining various products of biotechnological synthesis. The enhanced efficiency of glucose extraction from lignocellulose will increase the yield of such products, thus decreasing their cost. The goal of the study was to optimize the composition of multienzyme cocktail (MEC) of commercial enzymatic preparations (EP) Cellolux-A, Ultraflo Core and Bruzyme BGX for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate – oat husk treated with 4 wt.% nitric acid under the pilot-plant conditions. Mathematical processing of experimental data obtained by implementation of the simplex-centroid design of experiments revealed the optimal EP ratio equal to 1/4 : 3/4 : 0 (Cellolux-A – 18 mg/g substrate, Ultraflo Core – 55 mg/g substrate). The optimized composition of MEC allows increasing the reducing substances yield by a factor of 1.95. The equation of experimental statistical model was used to investigate the hydrolysis kinetics at different concentrations of MEC. It was shown that a threefold increase in the MEC concentration increases the reducing substances yield versus the substrate weight and the glucose yield versus the cellulose weight in the substrate by 13 %. The hydrolysate obtained using the optimized MEC served as a nutrient medium for biosynthesis of a valuable bioengineering product – bacterial nanocellulose, the yield of which constituted 6.1 % of the hydrolysate glucose.