bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Images of «educated children» in the Russian children’s portrait of the second quarter of the XIX century
Authors:   State Russian Museum, Abdullina D. A.
Published: March 2021

In the field of Russian portraiture in the second quarter of the 19th century, a new «type» of children’s portrait images emerged, which the author conventionally calls «exemplary children». According to him, young models were portrayed as educational models for both the portrayed themselves and their peers and potential descendants. This «type» was formed at the junction of romantic ideas about the virtue of childhood, Christian ideals and, at the same time, growing realistic trends in art. It became widespread among both metropolitan and provincial portrait painters, which testifies to its compliance with the tastes and needs of the public of that time. The article examines portraits of children from the Tomilov families by A. G. Varnek and Kapnist, made by E. F. Krendovsky. They were created at the beginning and end of the specified time period, respectively, which allows tracing the development of the «type» in dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which the portraitists combined the images of real boys and girls, shown in the natural setting of home activities, with a complex spiritual and moral content. The latter was achieved through the use of the universal language of Christian symbolism, bold comparison of images of children with images of Christ, the Mother of God, angels and saints.
«The Lady with the Pig» by Felicien Rops: the meaning of images
Authors:   Repin St. Petersburg state academic institute of painting, sculpture and architecture, Martynova D. O.
Published: March 2021

This article is devoted to revealing the origin and meaning of images in the artwork «The Lady with the Pig» («Pornocracy») of the Belgian symbolist artist Felicien Rops. Reference to the epistolary heritage of Rops, the memoirs of the artist’s contemporaries about «The Lady with the Pig» allowed to trace the origin and formation of images of the artwork. Conducting formal, sociocultural and historical-cultural analyses of «The Lady with the Pig» proved that in it Rops played with the audience, creating several semantic levels: giving the picture a Greek name, he changed the status of the figure from the ancient Muse of Love to the modern goddess of love joys, thereby changing the meaning of other images. From this it follows that in the images of «The Lady with the Pig» the artist completely crossed out the lyrical aspects in favor of deliberately shocking themes, characters and comparisons, perverse, erotic and bizarre, trying to shake the foundations of official art and expose the false moral rules of society
The Society of Dilettanti and its impact on the spread of art knowledge in 18th century England
Authors:   Herzen state pedagogical University of Russia, Mikhailova Yu. Yu.
Published: March 2021

Discussions about dilettantes, virtuosos and antiquaries of the 18th century were based on the modern understanding of such professions as a historian, archaeologist, art critic. As many British historians have shown, traits associated with professionals in these areas of the 19th and 20th centuries were usually absent in the 16th and 17th centuries. To regard the dilettantes and virtuosos of the eighteenth century as amateurs is an anachronism. These people were for the most part well-educated, dedicated to the study and collecting of art. Along with a narrow view of this movement, it should be noted that dilettantes represented a certain social stratum in high English society, which had a significant impact on the process of mutual influence of science and education. Contemporaries believed that art played a vital role in the improvement of society, and amateurs had an important influence on the dissemination of knowledge.
Hall of architect V. I. Sobolshchikov in the Public Library (1917–1960)
Authors:   National library of Russia, Shcherbak N. L.
Published: March 2021

In 1860–1861 according to the project of V. I. Sobolshchikov, the first specialized reading room for 250 seats was built with additional rooms for artists and women readers. Until the beginning of the XX century. Sobolshchikov’s reading room was the main one for the readers’ classes. This article reveals the history of the hall in 1917–1960. Over the years, it was called differently: the Exhibition hall, the Hall of catalogs, the Special reading room for scientists, the Scientific reading room of biomedical literature. And only on April 22 1960, in honor of the 90th anniversary of the birth, the hall of the architect V. I. Sobolshchikov began to be called Leninsky
Foreign book science: analysis of research approaches (on the example of translated monographs)
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Elyashevich D. A. , Mutyev V. A. ,   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture»
Published: March 2021

The fourth article in a series of publications devoted to the current state of affairs and prospects for the development of book history sources, used in educational programs in Russian and foreign universities, substantiates the need to analyze monographic publications. The works prepared in the framework of the American-Canadian, Polish, and French bibliological schools in the second half of the XX - early XXI centuries and translated into Russian are explored in detail. Despite the inconsistency of some publications, it is concluded that multiple research approaches (functional, systematic, semiotic, medialogical) coexist productively, allowing to unfold the heuristic potential of the discipline from different perspectives. It is a continuation of the article «Publications on book science and history of the book, used in the educational process abroad. Part 1. Study materials»
Culturological aspect in restoration of objects of artistic and historical heritage
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Mukhin A. S. , Mohamed H. A. ,   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture»
Published: March 2021

The authors of the article consider restoration not only as a practice of recreating lost elements of cultural monuments, but also as a form of cultural reflection. Much attention is paid to the professional qualities of the restorer, including the analysis of the General culture of the specialist, his ability to think in the field of historical, cultural and philosophical epistemes. The authors focus on the problem of choice in the restoration of severely damaged objects when the question arises about the need to layout the object or recreate it in modern materials. The degree of authenticity of the material used is studied because of the attitude to the phenomenon of authenticity of a thing in the context of historical discourse, which is determined by the historical consciousness of a modern person. The article addresses the issue of studying the history of restoration as a scientific and practical field of activity, pays attention to the difference between scientific and amateur restoration, and provides examples of restoration work to restore the loss of cultural heritage objects.
Culture of Hellenistic Bactria and the finds of inscriptions of the end of XX – beginning of XXI century
Authors:   federal state budget educational institution of higher education «Saint Petersburg State University of Culture», Popov A. A.
Published: March 2021

The article is dedicated to the development of the modern researches of inscriptions which were found on the territory of Hellenistic Bactria (IV–I centuries BC). The emphasis is made on the texts discovered on clay and stone, as well as parchments. There are two important points in this work: the tax receipt on the parchment from the collection of Ashmolean Museum in Oxford and the contract with the Scythian detachment on the parchment, which was found in the Balkh region. The article tells about the dedication of Iromois to Oxus from Takhti-Sangin. The stone inscriptions from Kandahar take the important place: the first tells on behalf of some “son of Aristonax”, the second is the stele of a man named Sophytos son of Naratos. The written dedication to the goddess Hestia by Heliodotus discovered about Kuliab plays the main role. These documents illustrate a lot of cultural realities of Hellenistic Bactria. They touch upon the problems, connected with religion, education and literature and social, economic and political spheres.
Fungsi Pengawasan dalam Lembaga Pendidikan di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 Guna Menciptakan Profesionalitas Kerja
Authors: Yaqin Ainul , Syafi’i Imam
Published: March 2021

Pengawasan dalam lembaga pendidikan Islam merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas baik itu individu atau seluruh komponen yang terdapat dalam sebuah lembaga/ instansi yang terkait guna menciptakan suatu lembaga yang berkompeten dan berkualitas. Ada beberapa cara yang dapat kita tempuh guna menciptakan lembaga yang berkompeten yakni diantaranya adalah membentuk pribadi individu pekerja yang profesionalitas yaitu bisa melalui diklat atau training yang menunjang kemampuan tiap-tiap bagian individu tersebut, selain itu bisa dilakukan cara lain yaitu dengan cara pengawas menilai tiap individu yang ada dalam lembaga tersebut apakah performa kerjanya sudah cukup baik atau dirasa kurang baik jikalau kurang maka harus segera dilakukan evaluasi kerja supaya nantinya tidak berdampak kepada penilaian kepuasan konsumen. Di era industri 4.0 banyak sekali persaingan baik itu di dalam dunia kerja/ maupun antar lembaga pendidikan terlebih lagi dalam penggunaan media sosial maka dizaman yang saat ini serba menggunakan media elektronik kita harus menguasainya agar lembaga kita tidak kalah saing dengan lembaga yang lainnya, lembaga islam harus berinovasi seiring dengan perkembangan zaman supaya masih di minati oleh orang tua siswa karena pada saat ini lembaga pendidikan islam kadang dianngap remeh karena kadang lulusannya kurang bersaing ketika terjun disebuah masyarakat, ataupun program yang disuatu sekolah tersebut kurang menarik jikalau dibandingkan lembaga pendidikan yang lainnya. Maka disini penulis berupaya memberikan solusi terkait permasalahan diatas.
Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Internal Perpustakaan Melalui Optimalisasi Layanan Di Perpustakaan IAIN Kediri
Authors: Nurwarniatun
Published: March 2021

Perpustakaan merupakan salah satu unsur vital dalam pendidikan, sebagai penyedia informasi kelilmuan perpustakaan harus dikelola dengan baik mulai dari koleksi sampai sistem informasi, sehingga dibutuhkan strategi yang tepat yang dapat meningkatkan mutu internal perpustakaan di era modern seperti sekarang, dimana sistem informasi terus mengalami perkembangan, sehingga penggunaan perangkat digital dalam sistem informasi akan semakin memudahkan akses pemustaka dalam menggunakan layanan perpustakaan terutama jika perpustakaan sudah memiliki koleksi yang banyak dan memiliki lahan yang luas. Perpustakaan IAIN Kediri menggunakan sistem informasi berbasis digital dalam rangka memudahkan pemustaka yang dalam hal ini mahasiswa agar mendapat pelayanan yang prima dan memuaskan.
Exploitation and Management of Animal Resources During the Middle Iron Age: Northern Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Abatino Claudia
Published: March 2021

This book offers a zooarchaeological study of Mapungubwe and Mutamba, two Middle Iron Age sites in northern South Africa. The author provides an interpretation of the economic and social role of animal resources within agro-pastoral societies by combining analysis of faunal remains with ethnozooarchaeological research conducted in a Venda village and comparison with other zooarchaeological studies of sites located in this region.
Four Economic Topics for Studies of Antiquity: Agriculture, trade, population, and the behavior of aggregate economies
Authors: Jones Donald J.
Published: March 2021

The book provides economic models of agriculture, international trade, population, and the behavior of aggregate economies.
Realisasi Program Pengelolaan dan Pemantauan Lingkungan (UKL-UPL) di Kota Sorong
Authors: Kambuaya Victorina Tutiana , Sinery Anton S. , Tokede Max J.
Published: March 2021

Environmentally sound development is a development effort undertaken with due regard to environmental aspects. UKL-UPL is an instrument that is expected to be a deterrent of environmental pollution and damage, which in its application UKL-UPL is one of the prerequisites to obtain Environmental Permit. The aim of the research is to know the realization of environmental management and monitoring activities as contained in the UKL-UPL document of environmental permit holders in Sorong City area and the factors that influence the successful implementation of environmental management and monitoring activities. Objects observed in this study were environmental permit holders who implement environmental management and monitoring (UKL-UPL) program in Sorong City. The environmental permit holders are three (3) types of business and or activity consisting of andesite mining activities by PT. Lintas Artha Lestari, then shopping service activities by Mall Ramayana and Activity of power plant by PLTD Klasaman. The method used in this research was descriptive method with observation and interview technique. The results of research in general realization of each business owner and or activity in realizing environmental management program was relatively different both in terms of the number and completion of the completion of activities. PT. Lintas Artha Lestari successful UKL realization  UPL quite successful. Factors that contribute to the realization are Policy and institutional resources and supervision. PT. Prima Lestari Investindo (Ramayana Mall) realization UKL was quite successful, realization UPL did not succeed. Factors that contribute to the realization are supervision and policy and institutional resources. PLTD Classification Realization UKL successful, realization UPL successful. Institutional, resource, policy and supervisory factors contributed equally to the realization of  UKL-UPL.
APPLE VARIETIES DEVELOPED BY FOLK BREEDING IN THE CAUCASUS IN THE COLLECTIONS OF MAIKOP EXPERIMENT STATION OF VIR AND THE VIR HERBARIUM (WIR)
Authors:   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, SHLYAVAS A.V. , BAGMET L.V. ,   N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, TRIFONOVA A.A. ,   Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, BORIS K.V. ,   Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The catalogue contains the basic passport data of apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh.) developed by folk breeding in the Caucasus that are maintained in the VIR collection of global genetic resources. The presented accessions are preserved in the field genebank of Maikop Experiment Station of VIR and in the VIR herbarium collection (WIR). The catalogue is addressed to experts in the fields of plant breeding, genetics and botany as well as to teachers and students of biological or agricultural universities.
Development and manufacture of erythrocyte pullorosis diagnosticum for the diagnosis of avian pullorosis typhoid
Authors: Melnik R.N. , Klyushentseva N.S. , Melnik N.V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of diagnostics of poultry typhoid fever and the development of a technology for the manufacture of diagnosticum against this disease. A method of making erythrocyte diagnosticum for the diagnosis of poultry typhoid fever is shown, including obtaining the bacterial mass of Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum, isolating the antigenic fraction from it by treating the bacterial mass with a surfactant with the addition of soda or alkali in distilled water at 93-96 °C, followed by sensitization of formalinized erythrocytes, their purification and obtaining the target product in the form of 10% suspension, characterized in that 1-1.5% aqueous solution of Desmol is used as a surfactant to isolate the antigenic fraction, taken in a final weight concentration of 0, 1-0.3%, and the sensitization of formalinized erythrocytes is carried out in the presence of the sodium salt of chitosan succinate taken in a final weight concentration of 0.5-1.5%. In the industrial production of the diagnosticum at the initial stage, the bacterial suspension was necessarily mixed and the optical concentration was measured photometrically. The concentration of the surfactant solution was adjusted to 25 ml of microbial cells in 1 ml. At the second stage, antigen-sensitin was obtained and stored at 4 ° C. Sheep erythrocytes were used for sensitization. At the third stage, 20% formalized ram erythrocytes were obtained. Formalized erythrocytes were washed five times until the supernatant was completely cleared and sensitized. At the fourth stage, 300-500 ml was added to 1 liter of erythrocyte suspension for sensitization. sensitin and kept in a water bath at a temperature of 600С. At the fifth stage, the sensitized erythrocytes were washed to remove residual sensitin not associated with erythrocytes. Obtaining highly effective erythrocyte diagnostics for the diagnosis of avian pullorosis typhoid is an urgent problem. We have produced, improved and optimized the technology of industrial production of erythrocyte pullor antigen from the Salmonella pullorum-gallinarum strain for the diagnosis of avian pullorosis-typhus. We have theoretically substantiated and tested in production conditions a new method of resuspension, extraction, clarification of the bacterial mass. Used surfactants (surfactants) to obtain sensitin.
Development of a mathematical model of the continuous (chemostat) process of culturing pasteurella
Authors: Raevsky A.A.
Published: March 2021

One of the most important technological stages in the production of biological preparations intended for the specific prevention of infectious diseases is the cultivation of microorganisms. The synthesis of antigens occurs precisely at this technological stage of vaccine production; the effectiveness of immunopreparations depends on them. In the process of growing bacteria, it is necessary, simultaneously with an increase in the biomass yield, to ensure that the pathogen does not change its biological properties. To do this, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for cultivation, taking into account the physiological state of microorganisms. The technology of manufacturing bacterial vaccines is a multifaceted problem, the key direction of which is the development of controlled processes for the cultivation of microorganisms. At present, obtaining a bacterial mass of microorganisms for the manufacture of vaccines is based on a periodic method of cultivation, during which the properties of cells and the composition of the culture medium change unpredictably. According to a number of researchers, the most efficient in terms of accumulation of bacterial biomass is chemostat cultivation with limitation by the carbon source [1, 2]. The productivity of continuous (chemostat) cultivation of microorganisms significantly exceeds the productivity of the batch method. Therefore, very promising research aimed at organizing the processes of controlled cultivation and, in particular, on continuous methods of growing microorganisms, allowing you to create and maintain for a long time cultures with a constant and precisely defined biomass concentration, phase and growth rate, as well as the ratio of protective antigens [ 3, 4]. The aim of this work is to build an adequate mathematical model of the process of chemostat cultivation of Pasteurella in the production of anti-Pasteurella vaccine in order to optimize it. As a result of the research, the structure of the mathematical model of continuous cultivation of P. multocida was developed, its coefficients were determined, the adequacy of the model to the real process was verified, the obtained mathematical description of the process makes it possible to calculate and select the modes of chemostatic cultivation - the dilution rate D and the initial glucose concentration S0 - to obtain the optimal concentrations of viable pasteurella, the specified productivity values, the degree of substrate conversion, etc. in the manufacture of antibacterial vaccines. In addition, the obtained mathematical dependences make it possible to make a proposal on the metabolic mechanism for increasing the concentration of pasteurella at low dilution rates.
Experience of using stimulating feeding for honey bees "BiHit" in the Moscow region and the Republic of Crimea
Authors: Frolova M.A. , Albulov A.I. , Kovaleva E.I. , Eliseev A.K. , Grin A.V.
Published: March 2021

Unfavorable environmental factors: pesticides, chemicals, poor nutrition of bee colonies lead to a decrease in the bee's immune defense. Currently, there is a continuous search for biologically active substances that stimulate the vital activity of bees and increase the egg-laying of queens. Analysis of scientific sources data has shown high efficiency for stimulating the viability and increasing the productivity of bees of such biologically active additives as chitosan and its derivatives, probiotic strains of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus Lichineformis, as well as sources of vital amino acids. The experience accumulated to date in the use of chitosan and its derivatives in veterinary medicine makes it possible to classify chitosan as an effective adaptogen with multifunctional properties capable of providing the body's resistance to numerous adverse environmental factors and pathogens of various diseases. Due to the excess positive charge, chitosan acquires the properties of a highly active anionite. It binds and firmly holds ions of various heavy metals, radioactive isotopes, toxic elements with their subsequent removal from the body of animals, including bees. Chitosan and its derivatives have high antibacterial, sorption, fungicidal, antiviral activity, being a natural biocompatible product that is biodegradable to CO2 and H2O and does not pollute the environment. To stimulate the vital activity of bees and increase the egg-laying of queens, stimulating protein supplements are needed to cover the lack of vital amino acids, probiotic preparations that improve the microbiocenosis of the intestines of bees, sugar syrup. Earlier, at the preliminary stage of research, we developed a recipe for stimulating feeding for bees "BiChit", which includes low molecular weight chitosan, chitosan succinate, dry bacterial mass of Bacillus subtilis VKM B-2716D and Bacillus licheniformis VKM B-2717D, lactose-free edible glucose hydrolyzate, lactose-free whey. In this work, the influence of the multifunctional stimulating feeding "BiHit" on the economically useful traits of bee colonies based on private apiaries in the Moscow region and the Republic of Crimea has been studied. Studies have shown a positive effect of feeding on family strength, brood and honey production.
Application of innovative technology of biolayer interferometry in basic research in the development of new vaccines
Authors: Grin S.A. , Matveeva I.N.
Published: March 2021

One of the effective methods for real-time protein analysis is based on the phenomenon of light interference and is called "biolayer interferometry". The patented Bio-Layer Interferometry (BLI) technology, which underlies ForteBio Octet platform, provides surface interaction analysis for disposable fiber optic biosensors. The article presents the technology of interferometry of the biolayer of BLI molecules, which can be used to determine the kinetics and affinity, for the specific quantitative determination of molecules bound to the biosensor. The purpose of the review was to summarize scientific data on the use of the interferometry technology of the biolayer of BLI molecules in determining the concentration of proteins and studying the kinetics of interaction using Octet systems when creating new vaccines in many ways. BLI biolayer interferometry technology allows protein concentration measurements to be performed without using of labels or auxiliary reagents, even in untreated media. It is characterized by a sensitivity up to several ng/cm3, provides accurate quantitative changes in a few seconds, and not in many hours like traditional methods (ELISA, HPL Coder). The affinity, concentration, and binding kinetics of the studied proteins can be measured in 4- ml drop samples directly on the laboratory table. The technology of interferometry of the biolayer of BLI molecules can be used by researchers to select the most immunogenic epitopes in the molecular structure of a pathogen, it is also possible to conduct studies on the characterization and recognition, diversity and distribution of pathogens, affinity for antibodies, it is possible to characterize the immune response of the host, to study molecular interactions between the pathogen and the host, and to carry out therapeutic and clinical research. Currently, the technology of interferometry of the biolayer of BLI molecules has already been used in fundamental studies of pathogens that cause HIV, herpes, Ebola, influenza A H7N9, Dengue, malaria, Zika virus, diphtheria, tuberculosis, listeriosis, gastroenteritis, respiratory pathology, including the COVID outbreak. -19.
Manufacturing technology of low-molecular-weight chitosan based on enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Kovaleva E.I. , Albulov A.I. , Frolova M.A. , Varlamov V.P. , Grin A.V.
Published: March 2021

Chitosan is natural high molecular weight polymer of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl - D - glucosamine connected by 1,4 - b - glycoside bond with a molecular mass of 1000 kDa (and above), practical use is difficult because of high viscosity of its aqueous solutions even at low concentrations, and lack of solubility at neutral pH and, consequently, low biological activity. To reduce viscosity, improve the solubility and enhance biological activity of high molecular weight chitosan subjected to depolymerization. Chitosan, like other polysaccharides, is characterized by a hydrolysis reaction, which is due to the presence of glycoside bonds in the molecule that are lable to hydrolyzing agents, for example, aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, as well as to the effect of some hydrolases. During hydrolysis, glycoside bonds are broken and, as a result, the molecular weight of chitosan decreases. However, these processes are accompanied by the formation of significant amounts of toxic products and require very costly disposal of waste before it is discharged into the environment. Chitin and chitosan are natural biopolymers and their synthesis, modification and degradation are associated with enzymatic transformations. It is the biodegradability to the usual substances for the body that is one of the main advantages of chitosan. It is obvious that the most appropriate method is the enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan. As enzyme preparations for the degradation of chitin and chitosan, enzyme complexes of various origins are used. These can be enzymes from crab or krill hepatopancreas complexes, as well as pancreatin from the pancreas of cattle. But more often for this purpose, enzymes complexes with chitinolytic activity of microbiological origin are used. In this study, low-molecular-weight chitosan was obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis using the extracellular chitinolytic complex of Streptomyces kurssanovii. The resulting chitosan had a medium-viscosity molecular weight of 25-40 kDa. Carrying out two stages of fractionation (stepwise acidification and separation on membranes) made it possible to obtain chitosan fractions with a narrow distribution by molecular weight.
Adalaj Stepwell: A Magical Resonance of Architectural Ingenuity
Authors: Sriparvathy Unni , Salahsha T.N.
Published: March 2021

The term Stepwell defined as "Well with Stairs" is a window to the ethnicity of forgotten civilizations. Stepwells are structures up to 3 to 5 storeys down from ground level, many of which are artistically designed with exquisite workmanship. These stepwells collect water during seasonal monsoons and in the deeper part of the ground with shadows around, such water bodies undergo slow evaporation process. In India, stepwells have been around since the age of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, about 4,500 years ago. During this period, bath wells with steps were created, with rooms surrounding the well-pit for resting. Such stepwells were once integral to the semi-arid regions of India, as they provided water for basic amenities for subsistence. These wells were also venues for colourful festivals and sacred rituals, paving the way for a rich cultural legacy. One such unique stepwell is located in Adalaj village in Gujarat, India, initiated by Raja Veer Singh in 1499 and completed by King Mohammed Begada for Rani Rudabai, wife of the Raja. The cultural and architectural representations in the stepwell at various levels are a tribute to the history, built initially by Hindus and subsequently ornamented and blended with Islamic architecture during the Muslim rule. But present-day perception, nurtured by technological advancements, has shifted. The paper focuses on the effects of the changing urbanscape on the architectural and visual connectivity with the cultural heritage of Adalaj so that adequate conservation measures can be proposed to preserve this icon of Indian architecture. Understanding the cultural relevance of such structures is crucial for their continued appreciation and protection.
Denique Onirocrites, sic erit Hippocrates:Dreams as a Diagnostic Tool in Early Modern British Medicine
Authors: Oberhelman Steven
Published: March 2021

On 7 July 1663, a young Edward Browne, who later will become a famous ethnographer and court physician, presented his two theses for a baccalaureate degree at Cambridge University. The title of the first thesis was entitled Judicium de somniis est medico utile (A Determination [of Illness] Based on Dreams Is Useful for the Physician). In a long series of Latin elegiac couplets infused with language and imagery drawn from classical Roman poets like Virgil, Ovid, and Persius, Browne argues that the contents of a dream directly relate to the conditions of a patient’s humors and that a wise person can diagnose the current state of an ailment on the basis of the dream’s imagery. Browne relies on three main classical and Hellenistic Greek sources: Aristotle’s works on dreams, Hippocrates’ Regimen 4 (On Dreams), and Galen’s On Diagnosis from Dreams. In this paper I discuss how Browne’s theories derive from these ancient sources, especially Galen’s text, which had appeared only two centuries earlier in the West in a Latin translation. More importantly I demonstrate how Browne’s views were consistent with current medical theory prevalent throughout England and across Europe among physicians, philosophers, and laypeople. Keywords: dreams, medicine in England, Galen, Edward Browne, Cambridge University, Artemidorus
21st-Century Learning: Development of Respiradroid Media (Respiration Concept) For High School Students
Authors: Nurhalimah Nurhalimah , Lisanti Elsa , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi
Published: March 2021

This research is a research development that aims to develop biology learning media in the form of an android learning application. This study uses research and development (R&D) with a method developed by Thiagarajan, namely the 4D model with stages: define, design, develop and disseminate, the stages of this study are limited to the development stage. Products that have been developed are then validated by experts in their fields. The results showed that respiradroid learning media had an average of 3, 31 in aspects of learning media. The validation results obtained from media and material experts prove that respiradroid media developed are suitable for use in the learning process. Media respiradroid learning has the advantage that is, a learning media that is flexible means that it can be used anywhere, easy to install, easy to find material content with student stimulus for thinking. It is expected to improve students' higher-order thinking skills in the concept of respiration.
Developing Interactive Media Based On Flash For Competency Student (cognitive domain) in Bloodstream System
Authors: Ashidiq Dicky Halin Wijana , Ristanto Rizhal Hendi , Miarsyah Mieke
Published: March 2021

Misconceptions are often experienced by the students of senior high school. Especially on the learning material of circulatory system. The aim of this study is to develop Biology instructional media in the form of Adobe Flash-based interactive instructional media on the learning material of Circulatory System which the content is designed to improve the students’ competencies. The development of this instructional media uses the RnD method with the Borg and Gall development model. There are 3 validators consisting of 2 Biology material experts and 1 instructional media expert who will test and validate the media that is developed. The study to test the effectiveness of the media is a before-after experimental design. The validation of media done by material and media experts shows the result that is categorized as very good, and the result of statistical test with paired sample t-test shows a significance value of 0.00 < 0.05. This means that there is a significant difference in the average score of students from before and after using Adobe Flash-based interactive instructional media to improve students’ competencies. Thus, the Adobe Flash-Based Interactive instructional media can improve the competencies of students.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ABRASIVE WEAR OF URETHAN-CONTAINING ELASTOMERS WITH THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Senichev V. Y. , Pogorel’tsev E. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Slobodinyuk A. I. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova M. A. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Perm Federal Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2021

The relationship between abrasive wear and the physicomechanical properties of casting polyurethane and polyurethane urea elastomers based on P-6BA polyester in the widest range of their elastic properties was investigated.
Preliminaries on the accurate estimation of the Hurst exponent using time series (Final Draft)
Authors: Millán Ginno
Published: March 2021

This article explores the required amount of time series points from a high-speed computer network to accurately estimate the Hurst exponent. The methodology consists in designing an experiment using estimators that are applied to time series addresses resulting from the capture of high-speed network traffic, followed by addressing the minimum amount of point required to obtain in accurate estimates of the Hurst exponent. The methodology addresses the exhaustive analysis of the Hurst exponent considering bias behaviour, standard deviation, and Mean Squared Error using fractional Gaussian noise signals with stationary increases. Our results show that the Whittle estimator successfully estimates the Hurst exponent in series with few points. Based on the results obtained, a minimum length for the time series is empirically proposed. Finally, to validate the results, the methodology is applied to real traffic captures in a high-speed computer network.
COVID-19: Meningkatkan Kesadaran Hidup Bersih dan Aktivitas Fisik dalam Mendukung Kuliah Daring
Authors: susanto susanto
Published: March 2021

Dalam upaya mendukung perkuliahan daring, tidakhanya teknologi informasi saja yang berperan, namun adadukungan lain yaitu dengan menjaga kebugaran fisik jugatidak kalah penting
CD3G is differentially expressed in the lymph nodes of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the CD3 gamma chain, CD3G, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. CD3G mRNA was present at increased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of CD3G in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node negative patients but not in lymph node positive patients. Modulation of CD3G expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Rethinking the epidemiogenic power of modern societies
Authors: Lever Annabelle , Safra Lou
Published: March 2021

It is exciting that after a dreadful year, in which countries and even continents have been ‘locked down’, the first vaccines against COVID-19 have been approved for use. However, the prevention and treatment of future epidemics cannot repeat an approach to a relatively mild, albeit infectious, zoonotic disease that has been so frightening and destructive medically, economically, psychologically and politically. Instead, we argue, it is time to address the features of contemporary industrialised societies that make them prone to epidemics in crops, cattle and poultry, as well as in people. Hence, we examine the ‘epidemiogenic’ features of our societies, or those structural and psychological factors that facilitate the genesis and spread of contagions.
Books by Q.H. Vuong at UC Berkeley Library
Authors: AISDL
Published: March 2021

Books by Q.H. Vuong at UC Berkeley LibraryUCB Library CatalogAccess: March 2, 2021 University of California at BerkeleyQuerying URL: https://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/results?vid=1&sid=0cc311c1-c563-40d5-807e-fde4e0b212dc%40pdc-v-sessmgr03&bquery=Quan%2bHoang%2bVuong&bdata=JnR5cGU9MCZzZWFyY2hNb2RlPUFuZCZzaXRlPWVkcy1saXZl
Assessing Machine Learning versus Mathematical Modeling to Estimate the Transverse Shear Stress Distribution in a Rectangular Channel
Authors: Lashkar-Ara  , Kalantari Niloofar , Khozani Zohreh Sheikh , Mosavi Amir
Published: March 2021

One of the most important subjects of hydraulic engineering is the reliable estimation of the transverse distribution in rectangular channel of bed and wall shear stresses. This study makes use of the Tsallis entropy, Genetic Programming (GP) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methods to assess the shear stress distribution (SSD) in rectangular channel. To evaluate the results of the Tsallis entropy, GP and ANFIS models, laboratory observations were used in which shear stress was measured using an optimized Preston tube. This is then used to measure the SSD in various aspect ratios in the rectangular channel. To investigate the shear stress percentage, 10 data series with a total of 112 different data for were used. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the most influential parameter for the SSD in smooth rectangular channel is the di-mensionless parameter B/H, Where the transverse co-ordinate is B, and the flow depth is H. With the parameters (b/B), (B/H) for the bed and (z/H), (B/H) for the wall as inputs, the modeling of the GP was better than the other one. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that the use of GP and ANFIS algorithms is more effective in estimating shear stress in smooth rectangular channels than the Tsallis entropy-based equations.
Dualism holographic flow
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: March 2021

Dualism holographic flow
Determinants of Household’s Healthcare Payment in Nepal: Evidence from Living Standard Survey III Data
Authors: Thapa Arjun Kumar , Singla Sonia
Published: March 2021

Healthcare financing has always remained an important development issue for Government of Nepal to ensure equity and availability of basic health care services for all but the largest portion of health financing is met by out of pocket payment (OOP), a private financing source of households. So this study aims to assess the situation of private healthcare financing and analyze the factors associated with it. A cross sectional descriptive cum analytical study was designed based on living standard survey data of CBS (2012), Nepal. It is a rich and country wide representative data comprising 5988 households. The study applied logistic regression to analyze the determinants of out of pocket payment. The major findings of the study shows a particular household’s mean healthcare cost was NRs. 1119 for acute illness and cost of medicine occupied the major portion of the cost. The mean OOP healthcare cost is higher for urban residents, mountain dwellers, and households belonging to province 3 and people belonging to highest wealth quintiles. The odds of household facing OOP payment increases for male headed households, larger households and households belonging to province number 2. Conversely, odds of household facing OOP decreases for households residing in urban and province number4.  The study concludes that out of pocket payment is an important source of private healthcare financing source. So there is a need to effectively implement the demand side financing programs and health insurance scheme to protect households from financial burden.
A Comparative Study in Progressive Aspect of Verbal Affixes of Dangha Tharu Dialect with Nepali and English Languages
Authors: Chaudhary Ram Bahadur , Maharjan Laxmi Bahadur
Published: March 2021

Dangha is one of the dialects of Tharu language. The alternate names of Dangha language are Dangaura, Dangali, Dangauli, Dangora and Dangura. The population of Dangaura language was 500000 in Nepal in 2003. And the number is increasing. Dangaura language is located in Raptizone-Dang, Bheri-Bardiya, Banke and Surkhet districts, Seti zone- Kailali district, Mahakali zone Kanchanpur district, Lumbini zone- Rupandehi and Kapilvastu districts. The status of the variety isthat it is a recognized indigenous national language in Nepal. That is why it is important to study on the verbal affixes of it. The objective of this study is to find out the similarities and differences of verbal affixes of Dangha with Nepali and English languages. The study has applied qualitative method. Questionnaire and interview were used for primary data collection. The researcher used non random and purposive sampling design to select the samples from the population. He used Eugene A. Nida's six principles for verb analysis. -a, -i  and -ti suffixes are used to mark progressive aspect in Dangha dialect. -a and -i suffixes are used to mark point in time whereas -ti suffix is used to mark period of time. In the same way, suffix -ti is used to mark period of time and point in time in future tense. In Nepali language -tai/dai oreko/eki/eka  suffixes are used to indicate progressive aspect while English using suffix to show progressive aspect. Tharu and English have separate progressive aspect marker for point in time or period of time but Nepali progressive marker can be used for both times simultaneously.
Impact of Temperature, Rainfall and Clearness Index on Global Solar Radiation at Nepalgunj in Nepal
Authors: K.C. Bed Raj
Published: March 2021

This paper reports the first experimental results on global solar irradiance measured at the horizontal surface since 2017 using calibrated Pyranometer-2 at Nepalgunj (Lat.28.05°N, Lon.81.62°E) which is about 150m from the sea level. This paper explains the impact of temperature, rainfall and clearness Index on the intensity of global solar irradiation. The annual average measured value of GSR 16.02 MJ/m2/day which is sufficient to promote solar active and passive solar energy technology at Nepalgunj and other similar geographic allocations. The results of this research can be utilized for the conformation of variation of solar radiation with meteorological parameters   and can be used for location of similar meteorological and geographical sites where solar data are not available.
Representation of Ethnic Women in Upendra Subba's Lāto Pahāda [Dumb Hill]
Authors: Mishra Indira Acharya
Published: March 2021

The article aims to examine the images of ethnic women in Upendra Subba's Lāto Pahāda [Dumb Hill], a collection of short stories. The focus of the article is to analyze the portrayal of female characters in the selected five stories from the collection and to explain how they subvert the image of the ideal woman promoted by mainstream Nepali literature. These stories deal with the issues of Limbu people, an ethnic community residing in the eastern hilly region of Nepal. Through them, Subba raises the issues of ethnicity and representation of marginalized people. He explores the pain, suffering and hardship of these people who have been at the margin of the society. The stories, mostly, focus on men who play the primary roles in them; nonetheless, female characters play an important role to make sense of the lifestyle of the Limbu people. Portrayed in the secondary roles as wife, daughter, and mother to the male characters, they maintain equal relation with their male counterparts. They work with self-determination and do not experience male domination in thei lives. To analyze the issues stated above, this paper draws theoretical ideas from third wave feminism which rejects the universalist claim that all women share a set of common experiences. The third wave feminists deny the concept of universal femininity; they clarify that the forms of oppression can be as varied just as resistance to them can have specific local color. The finding of the article suggests that Subba's female characters are depicted in the ethnic background which is nonhierarchical and believes in gender equality. Their portrayal subverts the image of ideal womanhood created and circulated by mainstream Nepali literature.
3D Monte Carlo analysis on photons step through turbid medium by Mie scattering
Authors: Perez Mayesffer E. E. , Reynoso Lara E. , Guerrero Sanchez W. F. , Rodríguez Zurita QPD G. , Dávila Pintle J. , Bravo-García Y. E.
Published: March 2021

Photon Scattering Profiles in a turbid media were investigated through numerical simulation based on Monte Carlo-Mie method, at this present work. Using Wolfram Mathematics in the program algorithm. Photon Scattering was treated using electromagnetic spherical harmonics waves, in three-dimensional scattering. The proposal, as an alternative to the Henyey-Greensein phase approximation, was defining an unit vector that represents a phase distribution, as an equivalent function with three vector components, within the turbid media. Associating the step component, as projection using Legendre polynomials and for the transverse plane components were defining as vector bases in terms of Legendre-Hankel functions, according to Gustav Mie theory. This composite vector was defined as a step function and was evaluated within Monte Carlo algorithm, obtaining simulations of light scattering. Backscatter profiles were compared for different geometric dimensions of the spherical particles within the turbid media, including a validation of the model with an experimental Lidar signal from low clouds, obtaining physical properties of the turbid media by the proposed theoretical model.