bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Trends of Global Research on Nautical, Maritime and Marine Tourism
Authors: Martínez Vázquez Rosa , Milán García Juan , De Pablo Valenciano Jaime
Published: January 2021

Tourism related to the sea and boating activities is becoming increasingly popular and revolves around a range of leisure, water sports, nautical or other maritime activities. This article studies the main scientific contributions in this area, bearing in mind the complexity of finding a suitable definition of this concept. Hence, the aim of this paper is to analyze the scientific production from 1986 to 2020 in impact journals of the terms “nautical tourism”, “maritime tourism” and “marine tourism” considering the following variables: number of documents, number of articles, period being studied, Hirsch citations and index. The results show an increasing trend in terms of both the number of published articles and citations publications from 2007 onwards and the review of the literature raises the need to define a new concept: “blue tourism”. Future trends in research include terms such as tourist ports, quality of websites and blue economy.
Comparative Analysis of Environmental Contour Approaches to Estimating Extreme Waves for Offshore Installations for the Baltic Sea and the North Sea
Authors: Wrang Linus , Katsidoniotaki Eirini , Nilsson Erik , Rutgersson Anna , Rydén Jesper , Göteman Malin
Published: January 2021

At the stage of design load analysis for offshore installations such as wave energy systems, a critical step is the determination of environmental cases to be evaluated for the definition of the characteristic design load. A commonly used methodology for load case selection, applied in multiple studies and recommended by technical specifications and guidelines, is the environmental contour approach. Here, 50-year environmental contours were generated for four study sites located in the North Sea, Skagerrak and the Baltic Sea by considering both observations and hindcast (model) data. For the construction of the contours, the well-established inverse first-order method (I-FORM) and a modified version using principal component analysis (PCA) were both examined. Furthermore, a 2-dimensional peaks-over-threshold (2D POT) method was evaluated. It was found that a version of the regular I-FORM was able to produce satisfactory contours which properly accounted for the highest waves. When using PCA, the dependency in the data was not properly captured by the probability functions under consideration. The 2D POT method, where applicable, was found to underestimate the extreme sea states. Comparisons between contours obtained from observations and hindcast data showed that the contours may differ substantially depending on the site and method, and thus care must be exercised when using hindcast data for such purposes.
The Effects of Major Mushroom Bioactive Compounds on Mechanisms That Control Blood Glucose Level
Authors: Aramabašić Jovanović Jelena , Mihailović Mirjana , Uskoković Aleksandra , Grdović Nevena , Dinić Svetlana , Vidaković Melita
Published: January 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a life-threatening multifactorial metabolic disorder characterized by high level of glucose in the blood. Diabetes and its chronic complications have a significant impact on human life, health systems, and countries’ economies. Currently, there are many commercial hypoglycemic drugs that are effective in controlling hyperglycemia but with several serious side-effects and without a sufficient capacity to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. Over many centuries mushrooms and their bioactive compounds have been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, especially polysaccharides and terpenoids derived from various mushroom species. This review summarizes the effects of these main mushroom secondary metabolites on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for lowering blood glucose. In vivo and in vitro data revealed that treatment with mushroom polysaccharides displayed an anti-hyperglycemic effect by inhibiting glucose absorption efficacy, enhancing pancreatic β-cell mass, and increasing insulin-signaling pathways. Mushroom terpenoids act as inhibitors of α-glucosidase and as insulin sensitizers through activation of PPARγ in order to reduce hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes. In conclusion, mushroom polysaccharides and terpenoids can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia by various mechanisms and can be used as supportive candidates for prevention and control of diabetes in the future.
Differential miRNA Expression in Human Macrophage-Like Cells Infected with Histoplasma capsulatum Yeasts Cultured in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms
Authors: Pitangui Nayla de Souza , de Lacorte Singulani Junya , Sardi Janaina de Cássia Orlandi , de Souza Paula Carolina , Rodríguez-Arellanes Gabriela , García-Pérez Blanca Estela , Enguita Francisco Javier , Pavan Fernando R. , Taylor Maria Lucia , Mendes-Giannini Maria José Soares , Fusco-Almeida Ana Marisa
Published: January 2021

Histoplasma capsulatum affects healthy and immunocompromised individuals, sometimes causing a severe disease. This fungus has two morphotypes, the mycelial (infective) and the yeast (parasitic) phases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs involved in the regulation of several cellular processes, and their differential expression has been associated with many disease states. To investigate miRNA expression in host cells during H. capsulatum infection, we studied the changes in the miRNA profiles of differentiated human macrophages infected with yeasts from two fungal strains with different virulence, EH-315 (high virulence) and 60I (low virulence) grown in planktonic cultures, and EH-315 grown in biofilm form. MiRNA profiles were evaluated by means of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction using a commercial human miRNome panel. The target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs and their corresponding signaling pathways were predicted using bioinformatics analyses. Here, we confirmed biofilm structures were present in the EH-315 culture whose conditions facilitated producing insoluble exopolysaccharide and intracellular polysaccharides. In infected macrophages, bioinformatics analyses revealed especially increased (hsa-miR-99b-3p) or decreased (hsa-miR-342-3p) miRNAs expression levels in response to infection with biofilms or both growth forms of H. capsulatum yeasts, respectively. The results of miRNAs suggested that infection by H. capsulatum can affect important biological pathways of the host cell, targeting two genes: one encoding a protein that is important in the cortical cytoskeleton; the other, a protein involved in the formation of stress granules. Expressed miRNAs in the host’s response could be proposed as new therapeutic and/or diagnostic tools for histoplasmosis.
The Concept of Sustainable Rural Tourism Development in the Face of COVID-19 Crisis: Evidence from Russia
Authors: Polukhina Anna , Sheresheva Marina , Efremova Marina , Suranova Oxana , Agalakova Oksana , Antonov-Ovseenko Anton
Published: January 2021

In the context of globalized processes, the importance of the sustainable development concept in solving the problems of local tourism systems development is growing. Unprecedented challenges caused by the COVID-19 crisis in the tourism sector, on the one hand, questioned the possibility of fulfilling the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the goals of sustainable tourism. On the other hand, they emphasized the need for balance between three pillars of sustainability, both as an urgency tool to cope with the pandemic crisis and as a solid basis for long-term development in the post-pandemic period. The study presented in the paper discusses sustainability issues in rural tourism as one of the most promising sectors for the development of domestic tourism on the example of the Russian tourism industry. The overall goal of the study initiated in the pre-pandemic period is to find ways to support sustainable rural tourism in Russian regions and to develop indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of local strategic development programs, taking into account national and regional specifics. This paper discusses intermediate results obtained with the adjustment for pandemic challenges. The authors combined a number of methods and techniques, namely desk research, statistical analysis, and analysis of empirical data obtained by means of in-depth interviews, as well as a survey using a formal questionnaire. The results confirm that Russian enterprises and local communities considered the three pillars of sustainability as important to develop tourism in rural destinations both in the pre-pandemic period and in times of challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, the findings show weaknesses in the federal and local policy, including the lack of systemic measures to improve the sustainable management of Russian tourism destinations. From the authors’ point of view, it makes sense to adapt the European tourism indicator system for sustainable destinations (ETIS) for local peculiarities. ETIS is a useful tool to boost the sustainable development of rural destinations by encouraging stakeholder engagement and monitoring processes. In the case of Russia, one needs to add indicators for monitoring the effectiveness of the implementation of strategic development programs in the field of tourism.
Spatial Variations of Vegetation Index from Remote Sensing Linked to Soil Colloidal Status
Authors: Bascietto Marco , Santangelo Enrico , Beni Claudio
Published: January 2021

Recent decades have seen a progressive degradation of soils owing to an intensification of farming practices (weeding and high trafficking), increasing use of pesticides and fertilizers, mainly nitrogen, resulting in a steady decline in soil organic matter, a key component to maintain soil fertility. The work has coupled the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of wheat cultivation in Central Italy to soil properties where the wheat was grown to identify the properties linked to within-field variability in productivity. NDVI was assessed through Copernicus Sentinel-2 (S-2) data during the wheat anthesis phase. The main outcome showed a significant correlation of NDVI variability to soil colloidal status and to the relative quantity in the exchange complex of the Ca2+ ions. No relationship emerged between NDVI and soil macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) concentration. The work suggested that such elements (nitrogen, especially) should not be provided solely considering the vegetation index spatial variations. Rational and sustainable management of soil fertility requires the integration of the NDVI data with the whole complex of soil physical/chemical status. In this way, the identification of the real key factors of fertility will avoid the negative impact of overfertilization. As an example, a fertilization plan was simulated for the sunflower–wheat sequence. The results showed that in the study area additional supplies of N and K would be unnecessary.
The Use of Neural Networks in the Analysis of Dual Adhesive Single Lap Joints Subjected to Uniaxial Tensile Test
Authors: Gajewski Jakub , Golewski Przemysław , Sadowski Tomasz
Published: January 2021

Adhesive bonding are becoming increasingly important in civil and mechanical engineering, in the field of mobile applications such as aircraft or automotive. Adhesive joints offer many advantages such as low weight, uniform stress distribution, vibration damping properties or the possibility of joining different materials. The paper presents the results of numerical modeling and the use of neural networks in the analysis of dual adhesive single-lap joints subjected to a uniaxial tensile test. The dual adhesive joint was created through the use of adhesives with various parameters in terms of stiffness and strength. In the axis of the overlap, there was a point bonded joint characterized by greater stiffness and strength, and on the outside, there was a bonded joint limited by the edges of the overlap and characterized by lower stiffness and strength. It is an innovative solution for joining technology and the influence of such parameters as the thickness of one of the adherends, the radius of the point bonded joint and the material parameters of both adhesive layers were analyzed. The joint is characterized by a two-stage degradation process, i.e., after the damage of the rigid adhesive, the flexible adhesive ensures the integrity of the entire joint. For numerical modeling, the Finite Element Method (FEM) and cohesive elements was used, which served as input data to an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The applied approach allowed the impact of individual parameters on the maximum force, initiation energy, and fracture energy to be studied.
Efficiency of Twin-Screw Extrusion of Biodegradable Poly (Butylene Succinate)-Wheat Bran Blend
Authors: Sasimowski Emil , Majewski Łukasz , Grochowicz Marta
Published: January 2021

Unmodified poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) is characterized by very good processability; however, after the incorporation of various fillers of plant origin, its processing becomes much more complicated and its properties are significantly affected. Detailed studies of the processing aspects of PBS/wheat bran (WB) biocomposition are lacking, despite the addition of WB having a significant impact on both the production efficiency and the properties of end products. This research paper presents test results of the co-rotating twin-screw extrusion processing of a biodegradable polymer blend, the matrix of which was PBS, with WB as the filler. In undertaking this task, we examined the impact of extruder screw rotational speed and WB content on the characteristics of extrusion processing, as well as on certain thermal, physical, structural and processing properties of the obtained blend. The WB introduced to the blend was in the form of a selected fraction with particles smaller than 0.2 mm. The measurements were conducted using the Design of Experiment (DOE) methods, which enabled establishing the studied relationships in the form of polynomials and response surfaces. The determined extrusion process characteristics covered the impact of screw rotational speed and WB content on the mass flow rate of the processed blend and its pressure, the screw drive torque and specific energy consumption. The studies of the obtained polymer blend included determining the impact of the aforementioned variable factors on the melt flow rate (MFR) index, chemical structure (FTIR), thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG)), p-v-T relationships, microstructure, density and moisture absorbance. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effect of individual variable factors. The results of this work are presented, inter alia, using Pareto charts of standardized effects, which illustrate the influence of individual terms of the determined regression equations on the studied quantity.
Wear Behavior Characterization of Hydrogels Constructs for Cartilage Tissue Replacement
Authors: Affatato Saverio , Trucco Diego , Taddei Paola , Vannozzi Lorenzo , Ricotti Leonardo , Nessim Gilbert , Lisignoli Gina
Published: January 2021

This paper aims to characterize the wear behavior of hydrogel constructs designed for human articular cartilage replacement. To this purpose, poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) 10% w/v and gellan gum (GG) 1.5% w/v were used to reproduce the superior (SUP) cartilage layer and PEGDA 15% w/v and GG 1.5% w/v were used to reproduce the deep (DEEP) cartilage layer, with or without graphene oxide (GO). These materials (SUP and DEEP) were analyzed alone and in combination to mimic the zonal architecture of human articular cartilage. The developed constructs were tested using a four-station displacement control knee joint simulator under bovine calf serum. Roughness and micro-computer tomography (µ-CT) measurements evidenced that the hydrogels with 10% w/v of PEGDA showed a worse behavior both in terms of roughness increase and loss of uniformly distributed density than 15% w/v of PEGDA. The simultaneous presence of GO and 15% w/v PEGDA contributed to keeping the hydrogel construct’s characteristics. The Raman spectra of the control samples showed the presence of unreacted C=C bonds in all the hydrogels. The degree of crosslinking increased along the series SUP < DEEP + SUP < DEEP without GO. The Raman spectra of the tested hydrogels showed the loss of diacrylate groups in all the samples, due to the washout of unreacted PEGDA in bovine calf serum aqueous environment. The loss decreased along the series SUP > DEEP + SUP > DEEP, further confirming that the degree of photo-crosslinking of the starting materials plays a key role in determining their wear behavior. μ-CT and Raman spectroscopy proved to be suitable techniques to characterize the structure and composition of hydrogels.
Study on Clamping Mechanism of Internal and External Variable Diameter Lifting Tool for Offshore Foundation Pile
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Li Zhuang , Wang Tao , Zhang Bo
Published: January 2021

Large marine foundation piles are an important part of offshore structural pile foundations, and their lifting operations have always been a major problem in the construction and construction of marine structures. Based on IHC’s bilateral marine foundation pile spreader, this paper proposes a structural scheme of “internal and external clamping type variable diameter marine foundation pile spreader”. It solves the problem of poor adaptability of spreaders to foundation piles of the same specification and different pipe diameters. At the same time, this article has conducted in-depth research on the two clamping methods of friction clamping and wedge tooth embedded clamping. Through experiments, it is found that under the same lateral load, the load capacity of the wedge teeth tightening is three times that of the friction clamping. Aiming at the embedding and clamping method of the wedge teeth of the spreader, first of all, the influence of the tooth profile angle of the wedge teeth on their embedding performance was studied by the plastic mechanics slip line field theory and Abaqus simulation analysis. Subsequently, the elastic mechanics theory and Abaqus simulation analysis were used to study the stress characteristics of the wedge teeth during the lifting process, and the internal stress distribution was obtained. The article aims to provide a reference for the design of spreaders in actual projects.
Estimation of Synchronization Errors between Master and Slave Chaotic Systems with Matched/Mismatched Disturbances and Input Uncertainty
Authors: Lin Chih-Hsueh , Hu Guo-Hsin , Yan Jun-Juh
Published: January 2021

This study is concerned with robust synchronization for master–slave chaotic systems with matched/mismatched disturbances and uncertainty in the control input. A robust sliding mode control (SMC) is presented to achieve chaos synchronization even under the influence of matched/mismatched disturbances and uncertainty of inputs. A proportional-integral (PI) switching surface is introduced to make the controlled error dynamics in the sliding manifold easy to analyze. Furthermore, by using the proposed SMC scheme even subjected to input uncertainty, we can force the trajectories of the error dynamics to enter the sliding manifold and fully synchronize the master–slave systems in spite of matched uncertainties and input nonlinearity. As for the mismatched disturbances, the bounds of synchronization errors can be well estimated by introducing the limit of the Riemann sum, which is not well addressed in previous works. Simulation experiments including matched and mismatched cases are presented to illustrate the robustness and synchronization performance with the proposed SMC synchronization controller.
Statistical Arbitrage in Emerging Markets: A Global Test of Efficiency
Authors: Balladares Karen , Ramos-Requena José Pedro , Trinidad-Segovia Juan Evangelista , Sánchez-Granero Miguel Angel
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we use a statistical arbitrage method in different developed and emerging countries to show that the profitability of the strategy is based on the degree of market efficiency. We will show that our strategy is more profitable in emerging ones and in periods with greater uncertainty. Our method consists of a Pairs Trading strategy based on the concept of mean reversion by selecting pair series that have the lower Hurst exponent. We also show that the pair selection with the lowest Hurst exponent has sense, and the lower the Hurst exponent of the pair series, the better the profitability that is obtained. The sample is composed by the 50 largest capitalized companies of 39 countries, and the performance of the strategy is analyzed during the period from 1 January 2000 to 10 April 2020. For a deeper analysis, this period is divided into three different subperiods and different portfolios are also considered.
Mid-Term Outcomes after Arthroscopic “Tear Completion Repair” of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Fama Giuseppe , Tagliapietra Jacopo , Belluzzi Elisa , Pozzuoli Assunta , Biz Carlo , Ruggieri Pietro
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: Different arthroscopic procedures are used for partial-thickness rotator cuff tears (PT-RCTs), but there is still no evidence on the superiority of one procedure over the other. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and the rate of complications of a tear completion repair (TCR) technique. Materials and Methods: Patients who had undergone arthroscopic TCR technique for PT-RCTs with a follow-up of at least 2-years after surgery were included. The TCR technique involved the removal of the “critical zone” and creating microfractures to biologically support tendon healing. Functional outcomes were assessed prospectively by the Constant score (CS) and active and passive range of movement (ROM). Pain and patient satisfaction were measured using a visual analog scale (VAS). Complication rates were recorded, and tendon integrity was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound performed at least 2-years after surgery. Results: Eighty-seven patients with a median age of 57 years were followed-up for a median of 5 years. The CS score improved from 53.5 preoperatively to 94.0 postoperatively (p < 0.001). Median VAS score decreased from 8.6 to 1.0 (p < 0.0001). Median patient satisfaction was 9.3. The overall complication rate was 14.9%. Conclusions: Patients with PT-RCTs of the supraspinatus tendon treated by the TCR technique with “critical zone” removal and biological stimulation by microfractures showed good functional results with excellent strength recovery, a high degree of patient satisfaction, and resolution of painful symptoms at mid-term follow-up.
Numerical Study on Seismic Response of Steel Storage Racks with Roller Type Isolator
Authors: Álvarez Oscar , Maureira Nelson , Nuñez Eduardo , Sanhueza Frank , Roco-Videla Ángel
Published: January 2021

This research evaluates the effectiveness of using a roller-type base isolation device with tensile strength in reducing the dynamic response of industrial steel storage racks. These were subjected to a seismic input acting separately in both directions of the structure. The seismic record obtained from the earthquake that occurred in Llolleo, Chile, on 3 March 1985, was used as input. This earthquake was scaled in the frequency domain, adjusting its response spectrum to coincide with the design spectrum required by NCh2745. In the calculations of this spectrum, the most hazardous seismic zone (zone 3) and soft soil (soil III) that amplifies the effect of the low frequencies of the earthquake were considered. These frequencies are the ones that have the most affect on flexible structures such as high racks and systems with base isolation. Numerical time-history analyses were performed in fixed base racks and base isolation racks. In both cases, the models include semi-rigid connections with capacity for plastic deformation and energy dissipation. Parametric analyses were carried out considering the most relevant variables, using an algorithm programmed in MATLAB software. The maximum relative displacement, maximum basal shear load, and maximum absolute floor acceleration were considered as responses of interest. The results showed the effectiveness of using the base isolation device by reducing the absolute accelerations between approximately 75% and 90%, compared to the same fixed rack at its base. This makes it possible to reduce the vulnerability of the stored load to overturn under the action of a severe earthquake.
Control of the Lamellar Structure and Analysis of Tensile Properties of TiC/Ti-6Al-3Sn-9Zr-1.5Mo Composite Produced by In Situ Casting Technique
Authors: Zhu Dongdong , Dong Duo , Liu Li , Wang Xiaohong , Qi Jiqiu
Published: January 2021

In the present paper, new heat treatment was performed on 10 vol.% TiC/Ti-6Al-3Sn-9Zr-1.5Mo composite fabricated by an in situ casting technique. The aim is to obtain fully lamellar structure in matrix, control the lamellar structure quantitatively and understand the variation of the tensile properties of as-cast and heat-treated composites. For as-cast composite, matrix exhibited fully lamellar structure with some extent of basket-weave characteristics, and reinforcement was mainly in fine rod and strip shape. After β heat treatment, matrix microstructure was refined visibly. As the new cooling method was employed, wider α lath in matrix was obtained. The composite with very fine lamellar structure showed better yield strength (YS) in comparison with that with coarse lamellar microstructure below 650 °C. At 700 °C, fine grain strengthening cannot exert effective influence on tensile strength. It is proved that the enhanced YS is mainly ascribed to the refinement of α lath at ambient temperature. The heat-treated composites with wider α lath displayed excellent ductility at ambient temperature. Above 600 °C, the effect of α phase size on tensile elongation was negligible in the heat-treated composites, since matrix was softened.
Strength Calculation and Equal Load-Carrying-Capacity Design of an Undermatched HSLA Lap Joint under Out-of-Plane Bending
Authors: Guo Junli , Dong Zhibo , Fang Hongyuan , Wang Jiajie
Published: January 2021

This work aimed to design an undermatched lap joint that has an equal load-carrying capacity (ELCC) with a traditional equalmatched joint under out-of-plane bending. A weld strength calculation method was proposed based on the similarity of a lap joint and a T joint, as shown using linear elastic finite element (FE) analysis, and then applied in the analysis of a lap joint and the design of an ELCC lap joint. A single lap joint of HQ785 steel was chosen for experimental verification. The bending force limit of the ELCC joint was 93.35% of the theoretical prediction and 96.90% of the traditional equalmatched joint. The results show that the weld strength calculation method and the ELCC design method are reasonable and feasible.
Oxygen Induced Phase Transformation in TC21 Alloy with a Lamellar Microstructure
Authors: Wang Shu , Liang Yilong , Sun Hao , Feng Xin , Huang Chaowen
Published: January 2021

The main objective of the present study was to understand the oxygen ingress in titanium alloys at high temperatures. Investigations reveal that the oxygen diffusion layer (ODL) caused by oxygen ingress significantly affects the mechanical properties of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-temperature oxygen ingress behavior of TC21 alloy with a lamellar microstructure was investigated. Microstructural characterizations were analyzed through optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Obtained results demonstrate that oxygen-induced phase transformation not only enhances the precipitation of secondary α-phase (αs) and forms more primary α phase (αp), but also promotes the recrystallization of the ODL. It was found that as the temperature of oxygen uptake increases, the thickness of the ODL initially increases and then decreases. The maximum depth of the ODL was obtained for the oxygen uptake temperature of 960 °C. In addition, a gradient microstructure (αp + β + βtrans)/(αp + βtrans)/(αp + β) was observed in the experiment. Meanwhile, it was also found that the hardness and dislocation density in the ODL is higher than that that of the matrix.
Modeling and Inverse Compensation of Cross-Coupling Hysteresis in Piezoceramics under Multi-Input
Authors: Zhou Xiaochong , Zhang Lue , Yang Zhan , Sun Lining
Published: January 2021

In the fast tool servo (FTS) system for microstructure surface cutting, the dynamic voltage hysteresis of piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) and the cutting force produced in the manufacturing affect the driving accuracy and the cutting performance. For a multi-input-single-output (MISO) cutting system, in this paper, a dynamic hysteresis model based on a rate-dependent Prandtl–Ishlinskii model is proposed. A backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is established to describe the cross-coupling effect between the applied voltage and external load. An inverse dynamic model is developed to compensate the nonlinearity of PEAs. The accuracy of the model and its inverse is discussed and the performance of the inverse feedforward compensator is validated through experiments.
Assessment of Immune Status Indicators in Children with Consequences of Perinatal CNS Damage and Gastroduodenal Pathology
Authors:   Dagestan State Medical University, Manapova R.M.
Published: January 2021

Intrauterine fetal hypoxia, because of disturbances in the fetoplacental complex, is a pathogenic link in the mechanism of development of cerebral lesions in newborns. The immune system is a universal indicator of all pathological processes occurring in the fetus against the background of chronic placental insufficiency. Therefore, scientific studies devoted to the study of the immune status in children who have undergone intrapartum resuscitation at birth are of great importance
A Need Analysis in English for Business Material at Economic Faculty of Pandanaran University
Authors: Ria Tiara Nove , Malik Djamaludin
Published: January 2021

This article’s aim is to find out what students’ of Economic Faculty of Pandanaran University need in learning English for Business course to improve the materials design. Since in Indonesia there are so many companies have already engaged with overseas client or customer, they have already applied English as media for communication in their daily work. Then, for preparing the readiness of the graduates to work at such company, there is English for Business course that must be taken by the students of Economic Faculty. However, the materials which are taught to students, so far, do not meet the students’ interest and need. That is why this study conducted to put the students first in improving materials. This quantitative and qualitative study used Needs Analysis Theory. Questionnaire and interview were conducted to collect the data and get all information to improve the materials design of English for Business Course. The participants of this study were an English lecturer, two HRD of multinational company, and 50 students of Economic Faculty at Universitas Pandanaran. The result of this study showed several found of materials that can be taught. Furthermore, it can be implemented in English for Business teaching.
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEARNING MODELS TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT TO IMPROVE STUDENTS 'ENGLISH LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT (A class Action Research at Grade X IPA-2 MAN 1 Pati 2019/2020)
Authors: Budiyono Bambang
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Team Game Tournament (TGT) Learning Model improves the English learning achievement of students of The class X IPA-2 odd semester Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pati in the 2019/2020 academic year. The design of this study is a classroom action research conducted in three cycles. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing, observing and reflecting. The research subjects were students of The class X IPA-2 odd semesters Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Pati in the 2019/2020 academic year. The research variables consist of student achievement variables and teacher activity variables. The data collection method is the observation questionnaire method, and the test method. The data analysis method is qualitative data analysis. From the results of the study, information was obtained that there was an increase in the English learning achievement of The class X IPA-2 students in the odd semester of Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 1 Kudus for the 2019/2020 academic year. This increase is indicated by: (1) the average student achievement in cycle I is 7.14; in the second cycle cycle was 7.44; and in cycle III is 8.84; (2) student learning completeness in cycle I was 17 students or 47.22% and 19 students or 52.78% who did not complete; in cycle II students who completed were 26 students or 72.22% and those who did not complete were 10 students or 27.78%; in cycle III, students who completed 36 students or 100% and there were no students who did not complete; (3) completeness of classical learning in the first cycle was 47.22%, in the second cycle it was 72.22; and in cycle III it reaches 100%. This means that it has reached the predetermined indicator. Besides that, there is also an increase in student activity during the learning process, both individually and in groups. Student responses or responses to the application of the TGT learning model were classified as high, reaching 83.14%.
Eilbert (Hazel) (Corylus maxima Mill.) bole culture on the tree-like rootstocks
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Matviienko M.V. , Bublyk M.O. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Khodakivska Yu.B. ,   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The authors have proved the hazel cultivation efficiency in the world and Ukraine. The expediency of this crop growing on the rootstock has been substantiated on the basis of the expedionary inspections of the hazel bole plants revealed in Ukraine. The problems of the grafted plants bole height have been considered, the crown forms, their formation technology recommended as well as the trees planting plans in the orchard. The bole height has proved to influence not only the habit but also sprouting formation of the under the conditions of such an orchard exploitation period. It appeared that hen creating hazel industrial orchards on its tree-like rootstocks it is important to elaborate the crown forms and bole height the parameters of which would ensure high productivity, limit the crown habit and enable to mechanize the fruits collection. The spherical and spindle-like crowns are proposed that are formed on a certain bole height, the latter form differing from the former by a less frit branches amount orientated concerning the row area (5-8). Hazel industrial orchards with the bole culture at present it is mainly are recommended to be established using the planting plan 7-6 х 6-4 m. But when choosing a concrete plan, first of all, the cultivar vigour should be taken into account like under the as well as the crown form, bole height and the fact that this orchard practically does not need irrigation. It is possible to foresee with great probability that the habit parameters of a bush-tree crown can be regulated by the bole height like concerning other fruit crops. However, the final conclusion cannot be made so far because of the lack of the facts as regards cultivars. Besides, it is a bush-tree that is studied and such sign as early-ripening occurs in those constructions in different ways. The necessity is stressed of improving the technology of the hazel grafted planting trees reproduction.
Organic production of the fruit and small fruit products as the perspective direction in the horticulture of the Sum region
Authors:   Sumy Experimental Horticulture Station, NAAS of Ukraine, Vasylchenko N.V.
Published: January 2021

The state of organic fruit and small fruit products market in the Sumy region, which has been analyzed in the article, both in Ukraine and as a whole, has a positive development dynamics, because the society demands healthy food and preserving the environment. The organic horticulture of Sumy region deserves special attention and urgency, since it produces high-quality vitamin products and has a natural and economic potential to increase the share of both small fruit and fruit products. The factors have been determined under the influence of which the assortment market policy is formed. The formation of the organic products market in Ukraine and the Sumy region in particular is formed mainly to thanks external factors. The structure of the regional organic horticultural products market is due to the global trends and willingness of Sumshchyna producers to develop new segments. The internal factors include the growing demand for healthy food and improving living standards. The data about the number of operators of the regional market of organic products, are elucidated as well as their organizational and legal form and scope of activity. The production of the organic small fruit products in the region has appeared to be carried out by economic entities of different organizational and legal management forms. That has enabled to identify the problematic aspects and determine the areas of their support by the state. The problem aspects of functioning of operators of the organic fruit and small fruit market and prospects of their further development are defined. The successful model of the organic small and medium businesses in the horticulture field is the search for a potential consumer, and then direct manufacturing. At the state and regional level, attention should be paid not only to the organic market operators, but also to stimulating consumer demand for the organic products. The stimulation of the close cooperation of the agricultural education institutions in the Sumy region with the enterprises will provide training in the organic production field and solve the major problem of the organic market operators – staffing.
Photosynthesis and crop: problems, achievements, research prospects
Authors:   Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, Dubrovsky V.I. , Schwartau V.V. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine, Mykhalska L.M. ,   Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics of NAS of Ukraine
Published: January 2021

The problems of the agricultural the crops productivity increasing have been considered including woody ones, and of improving the photosynthetic apparatus characteristics. On the basis of literature data and results of own experiments regularities of formation of agrocenoses with the increased photosynthetic productivity are analyzed. The key photosyn-thetic apparatus characteristics are considered that determine the photosynthesis productivity and efficiency. The changes in the intensity of photosynthesis of plants caused by the changes in the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentra-tion and temperature, are shown as well as the dependence of the photosynthesis intensity on its concentration. The re-view of the explorations results as regards increasing the agricultural crops photosynthetic apparatus productivity shows that the increase of the carbon dioxide amount in the atmosphere to 1.5 % brings about the directly proportional rise of the photosynthesis intensity. An example is given of growing sugar beets, which form an average yield per hectare of its crops, absorbing about 300-400 kg of carbon dioxide per day. The nature of the daytime photosynthesis in the woody species has common sings, although there is a photosynthesis depression in these plants at noon, due to the in-creased respiration during this period at elevated temperatures or the maximum radiation, which is stressful for the plant. The conclusion has been made that one of the ways to increase the photosynthesis productivity is to increase the carbon dioxide concentration in the air. The further efforts of breeders in the creation of new cultivars should be aimed at in-creasing the plant photosynthetic apparatus activity. These are just new directions in science.
The End of the Abe Administration--The End of Abenomics? Books on Past and Present in the Japanese Political Economy
Authors: Morgan Jason
Published: January 2021

The signature element of the Abe Shinzō years is, without doubt, Abenomics. Will Abenomics survive the new prime minister, Suga Yoshihide? Or, to put it differently, will Japan survive Abenomics? For now Abenomics appears alive and well. The Bank of Japan is printing money at a breakneck pace. “Stimulus” is sloshing around everywhere. But this cannot go on forever, and so it won't. Those in Japan arguing for government intervention and economic relief are drawing from a deep political-economic tradition, which includes the notion of economics as mutual aid. This review essay introduces several important books that address Japanese thinking on political economy.
PENERAPAN SAK EMKM DALAM MENYUSUN LAPORAN KEUANGAN UMKM DI FOOD CITY PASAR SEGAR KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: Kalsum Ummu , Ikhtiari Kirana , Dwiyanti Rismala
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan fenomena bahwa UMKM yang terdaftar di Food City Pasar Segar Kota Makassar merupakan UMKM berkembang yang sudah seharusnya menyusun laporan keuangannya berdasarkan SAK EMKM. Namun, dalam pelaksanaannya mengalami kendala dalam menyusun laporan keuangan berdasarkan SAK EMKM.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji kendala yang dihadapi pelaku UMKM dalam menyusun laporan keuangannya berdasarkan SAK EMKM serta merancang sistem pelaporan keuangan sederhana berdasarkan SAK EMKM. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan metode studi kasus. Sumber data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Hasil penelitian Menunjukkan bahwa dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan, pelaku UMKM yang terdaftar di Food City Pasar segar Kota Makassar belum menerapkan SAK EMKM dikarenakan pelaku usaha tidak pernah mendapat sosialisasi, minimnya latar belakang pendidikan pelaku UMKM, tidak ada regulasi terkait pelaksanaan SAK EMKM, kurang pengetahuan dan pemahaman terkait SAK EMKM, minimnya pelatihan SAK EMKM, rendahnya modal untuk mempekerjakan staf ahli dalam menyusun laporan keuangan dan sarana prasarana yang tidak memadai serta pemilik usaha yang kurang fokus pada pelaporan hasil usahanya. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini, dirancang sistem pelaporan keuangan sederhana yang dapat membantu pelaku UMKM memahami konteks penyusunan laporan keuangan berdasarkan SAK EMKM.
Microbiota intestinal y cáncer
Authors: Rodríguez Veintimilla Dolores , Frías Toral Evelyn
Published: January 2021

La microbiota es el conjunto de microorganismos localizado en diferentes sitios del cuerpo. Aquellos que se encuentran en el intestino tienen un rol esencial, debido a la estrecha relación que tienen con la salud y la enfermedad, en especial el cáncer. Conocer qué microorganismos pueblan el tracto gastrointestinal y sus funciones, qué ocurre cuando se altera su composición, así como identificar su relación con una microbiota saludable para la prevención del desarrollo de tumores, o cómo se vincula la alteración de la microbiota con el desarrollo de tumores merece especial atención. La microbiota intestinal se vislumbra como una pieza clave en el tratamiento del cáncer. El objetivo de la presente revisión es definir el modo en que los microorganismos intestinales pueden influir profundamente en la potencia de la inmunoterapia y de algunas quimioterapias, y conocer de qué forma pueden contribuir también a repoblar la flora intestinal afectada por los tratamientos oncológicos, preguntas que ameritan una revisión extensa de las publicaciones al respecto.
Análisis comparativo de las guías ADA 2020 y ALAD 2019 sobre la terapia médica nutricional del paciente adulto con diabetes tipo 1 y 2 con énfasis en los patrones de alimentación
Authors: Veloza Naranjo Angélica Lucía
Published: January 2021

Introducción: las guías de manejo del paciente diabético incluyen la terapia farmacológica y la no farmacológica. Esta última se conoce como terapia médica nutricional (TMN) y se caracteriza por promover intervenciones sobre el estilo de vida que a través de la evidencia científica demuestran impacto en la mejoría del control metabólico y glucémico. En las guías de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes (ALAD) y la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA) nos presentan diferentes patrones de alimentación orientados a mejorar los desenlaces asociados con la diabetes. Objetivo: comparar cualitativamente la TMN recomendada por la ALAD y por la ADA, y destacar las características de los patrones de alimentación recomendados en estas guías. Metodología: se realizó un análisis cualitativo de ambas guías y se presentaron los hallazgos más relevantes. Se seleccionaron los patrones de alimentación recomendados y se presentó un resumen con sus características. Resultados: la TMN personalizada es el pilar fundamental del tratamiento del paciente diabético. No existe una distribución ideal de macronutrientes. Se recomienda el consumo de frutas, vegetales, granos enteros, legumbres, carnes blancas y grasas mono- y poliinsaturadas, y se restringe el consumo de carnes rojas, embutidos, almidones refinados y grasas saturadas y trans. La TMN se asocia con una mejoría del control glucémico y disminución de la hemoglobina glucosilada, del riesgo cardiovascular, del peso y de la presión arterial. Conclusión: es indispensable establecer una TMN individualizada que permita cubrir las necesidades nutricionales del paciente con diabetes y que incluya alimentos asociados con la mejoría del control metabólico.
Bancos de leche humana y COVID-19: revisión de alcance sistemático
Authors: Jácome-Orozco Álvaro , Sierra-Matamoros Fabio , López-Sáleme Rossana , Díaz-López Carmen , Castiblanco-Lopez Nubia , Rodriguez-Hernandez Isabel , Parada-Rico Doris Amparo
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: revisar la información publicada sobre el manejo de la bioseguridad en los bancos de leche humana, el procesamiento de muestras de leche humana y la selección de donantes durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, bases de datos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, Base de Datos Cochrane de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios con una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa como revisiones sistemáticas, estudios observacionales, informes de casos, así como documentos de gestión técnica, editoriales con propuestas de gestión técnica, en inglés y español, publicados entre el 1 de enero y el 2 de junio de 2020. Los términos MeSH utilizados fueron: bancos de leche, lactancia materna, virus SARS-COV-2 y COVID-19. Los términos de DeCS fueron: bancos de leche, extracción de leche, virus del SARS e infecciones por coronavirus. Resultados: se encontraron 577 títulos, se excluyeron 537 en la selección y 18 en la fase de revisión de texto completo, fueron incluidos 22 títulos para síntesis. No se encontró evidencia de transmisión viral a través de la leche humana, pero sí de transmisión por contacto. Se encontraron medidas de barrera para prevenir el contagio. Existen diferentes posiciones sobre el uso de leche humana pasteurizada o no pasteurizada, debido a las propiedades biológicas protectoras que proporciona la leche materna no pasteurizada. Como medidas principales de protección contra la infección se hace énfasis en el uso de leche materna autóloga y en garantizar el buen estado de salud de la mujer donante. Conclusión: las medidas de bioseguridad recomendadas en bancos de leche humana, previa valoración del estado de salud de la mujer donante, determina el uso de leche humana heteróloga u homóloga. Se recomienda fomentar el uso de leche autóloga no pasteurizada.