bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metagenomic insights into effects of wheat straw compost fertiliser application on microbial community composition and function in tobacco rhizosphere soil
Authors: Yang Yongfeng , Zhang Songjie , Li Ning , Chen Hongli , Jia Hongfang , Song Xiaoning , Liu Guoshun , Ni Chao , Wang Zhizhong , Shao Huifang , Zhang Songtao
Published: April 2019

The application of fertilisers incorporated with plant residues improves nutrient availability in soils, which shifts the microbial community structure and favours plant growth. To understand the impact of wheat straw compost fertiliser on soil properties and microbial community structure, tobacco planting soils were treated with four different fertilisers using varied amounts of straw compost fertiliser and a no fertiliser control (CK). Results showed that different fertilisers affected available soil nutrient contents differently. Treatment of tobacco soil with application of combined chemical fertiliser/wheat straw compost led to improved soil chemical properties, and increased soil organic matter and available phosphorus and potassium content. Treatment with FT1 200 kg/mu straw was found to be superior in improving soil fertility. Metagenomic DNA sequencing revealed that different fertiliser treatments resulted in changes in the microbial community composition. In soil treated with FT2 300 kg/mu straw for 60 days, the predominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, whereas Cyanobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Chlorophyta were found in high abundance in soil samples treated with FT1 200 kg/mu straw for 30 days. Functional annotation of metagenomic sequences revealed that genes involved in metabolic pathways were among the most abundant type. PCoA analysis clearly separated the samples containing straw compost fertiliser and chemical fertiliser. A significant correlation between soil properties and the dominant phyla was identified.
Effects of strain rate on room- and cryogenic-temperature compressive properties in metastable V10Cr10Fe45Co35 high-entropy alloy
Authors: Song Hyejin , Kim Dong Geun , Kim Dae Woong , Jo Min Cheol , Jo Yong Hee , Kim Wooyeol , Kim Hyoung Seop , Lee Byeong-Joo , Lee Sunghak
Published: April 2019

Quasi-static and dynamic compressive properties of an FCC-based metastable HEA (composition; V10Cr10Fe45Co35 (at.%)) showing both Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) and TWinning Induced Plasticity (TWIP) were investigated at room and cryogenic temperatures. During the quasi-static and dynamic compression at room temperature, the FCC to BCC TRIP occurred inside FCC grains, and resulted in very high strain-hardening rate and consequently maximum compressive strength over 1.6 GPa. The dynamic compressive strength was higher by 240 MPa than the quasi-static strength because of strain-rate-hardening effect, and kept increasing with a high strain-hardening rate as the twinning became activated. The cryogenic-temperature strength was higher than the room-temperature strength as the FCC to BCC TRIP amount increased by the decrease in stability of FCC phase with decreasing temperature. Under dynamic loading at cryogenic temperature, twins were not formed because the increase in SFE due to adiabatic heating might not be enough to reach the TWIP regime. However, the dynamically compressed specimen showed the higher strength than the quasi-statically compressed specimen as the strain-rate-hardening effect was added with the TRIP.
All Nonmetal Resistive Random Access Memory
Authors: Yen Te Jui , Gismatulin Andrei , Volodin Vladimir , Gritsenko Vladimir , Chin Albert
Published: April 2019

Traditional Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure, in which metal oxide is usually used as an insulator. The charge transport mechanism of traditional RRAM is attributed to a metallic filament inside the RRAM. In this paper, we demonstrated a novel RRAM device with no metal inside. The N+-Si/SiOx/P+-Si combination forms a N+IP+ diode structure that is different from traditional MIM RRAM. A large high-resistance/low-resistance window of 1.9 × 104 was measured at room temperature. A favorable retention memory window of 1.2 × 103 was attained for 104 s at 85 °C. The charge transport mechanism of virgin, high- and low-resistance states can be well modeled by the single Shklovskii-Efros percolation mechanism rather than the charge transport in metallic filament. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the value of x in SiOx was 0.62, which provided sufficient oxygen vacancies for set/reset RRAM functions.
Single-atom Pt on non-metal modified graphene sheets as efficient catalysts for CO oxidation
Authors: Tang Yanan , Zhang Haiquan , Zhou Jincheng , Chen Weiguang , Chai Huadou , Dai Xianqi
Published: April 2019

By the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the formation geometries, electronic structures and catalytic properties of metal Pt and nonmetal (NM) atom-co-modified graphene (Pt–3NM–graphene, NM = N, Si, P) as reactive substrates were investigated.
Influence of particle size on the apparent electrocatalytic activity of LiMn2O4 for oxygen evolution
Authors: Baumung Max , Schönewald Florian , Erichsen Torben , Volkert Cynthia A. , Risch Marcel
Published: April 2019

Particle size influences the product current densities of LiMn2O4 where smaller particles showed higher faradic efficiency for the OER.
Highly fluorescent conjugated microporous polymers for concurrent adsorption and detection of uranium
Authors: Xu Meiyun , Wang Tao , Gao Peng , Zhao Li , Zhou Lei , Hua Daoben
Published: April 2019

A highly fluorescent conjugated microporous polymer with amidoxime is reported for concurrent adsorption and detection of uranium under acidic conditions.
On-line detection of radioactive and non-radioactive heavy metals in tobacco smoke using portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Huang Zhixuan , Ma Yiwen , Li Yang , Ali Naqash , Li Qifeng , Chen Da
Published: April 2019

A portable laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PLIBS) device is proposed for on-line detection of radioactive and non-radioactive heavy metals in tobacco smoke with ultra-high sensitivity.
In vivo migration of Fe3O4@polydopamine nanoparticle-labeled mesenchymal stem cells to burn injury sites and their therapeutic effects in a rat model
Authors: Li Xiuying , Wei Zhenhong , Li Binxi , Li Jing , Lv Huiying , Wu Liya , Zhang Hao , Yang Bai , Zhu Mingji , Jiang Jinlan
Published: April 2019

The Fe3O4@PDA NPs enhanced the recruitment of MSCs and improved the anti-inflammatory and healing ability compared with the MSC treatment alone.
A phototherapeutic fluorescent β-cyclodextrin branched polymer delivering nitric oxide
Authors: Malanga Milo , Seggio Mimimorena , Kirejev Vladimir , Fraix Aurore , Di Bari Ivana , Fenyvesi Eva , Ericson Marica B. , Sortino Salvatore
Published: April 2019

A water soluble b-CD-branched polymer covalently binds a fluorescein moiety for imaging and a NO photodonor for therapy that can be operated in parallel upon visible light excitation.
Templated self-assembly of ordered mesoporous silica on clay nanotubes
Authors: Glotov Aleksandr , Levshakov Nikolay , Stavitskaya Anna , Artemova Maria , Gushchin Pavel , Ivanov Evgenii , Vinokurov Vladimir , Lvov Yuri
Published: April 2019

Self-assembly of ordered silica arrays on clay nanotubes resulted in mesoporous MCM-41 type materials with enhanced catalytic properties.
Immobilization of amidase into a magnetic hierarchically porous metal–organic framework for efficient biocatalysis
Authors: Lin Chaoping , Xu Kongliang , Zheng Renchao , Zheng Yuguo
Published: April 2019

A novel core–shell magnetic hierarchically porous MOF has been designed and used for amidase immobilization, which demonstrated excellent catalytic performance.
In situgrown silver bismuth sulfide nanorod arrays and their application to solar cells
Authors: Wu Yulei , Wan Li , Zhang Wenxiao , Li Xiaodong , Fang Junfeng
Published: April 2019

AgBiS2nanorod arrays are producedin situby spin-coating and annealing. They are applied to photovoltaic devices to give an efficiency of 1.4%.
Picosecond self-diffusion in ethanol–water mixtures
Authors: Seydel Tilo , Edkins Robert M. , Edkins Katharina
Published: April 2019

We report the self-diffusion in ethanol–water mixtures as a function of the water–ethanol ratio measured at different temperatures using quasi-elastic neutron spectroscopy (QENS).
Metal-free gem selective dimerization of terminal alkynes catalyzed by a pyridonate borane complex
Authors: Hasenbeck Max , Müller Tizian , Gellrich Urs
Published: April 2019

The metal-free dimerization of alkynes catalyzed by a pyridonate borane complex via a 1,2-carboration is reported.
Enhancing electroreduction of CO2 over Bi2WO6 nanosheets by oxygen vacancies
Authors: Chu Mengen , Chen Chunjun , Guo Weiwei , Lu Lu , Wu Yahui , Wu Haihong , He Mingyuan , Han Buxing
Published: April 2019

The rich oxygen vacancies in Bi2WO6 nanosheets can efficiently enhance CO2 electroreduction to CO.
High-yield synthesis of glucooligosaccharides (GlOS) as potential prebiotics from glucosevianon-enzymatic glycosylation
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Zening , Qu Tianjiao , Kraft Joseph , Oh Jee-Hwan , van Pijkeren Jan-Peter , Huber George W. , Pan Xuejun
Published: April 2019

Glucooligosaccharides with potential prebiotic functions were synthesized from glucose in high yield and selectivity in acidic lithium bromide trihydrate medium.
Electrocoiling-guided printing of multiscale architectures at single-wavelength resolution
Authors: Li Jingmei , Kong Tiantian , Yu Jiazuo , Lee Kit Hang , Tang Yuk Heng , Kwok Ka-Wai , Kim Ji Tae , Shum Ho Cheung
Published: April 2019

An electrically assisted coiling-jet-based technique is introduced to print nanofibers with programmable patterns. Using this approach, we can swiftly switch filament patterns, enhancing the pattern resolution down to the micrometer range, representing a more than one hundred-fold improvement.
Dual sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) membrane grafted with 15-crown-5-ether for enhanced proton conductivity and anti-oxidation stability
Authors: Vo Dinh Cong Tinh , Nguyen Minh Dat Thinh , Kim Dukjoon
Published: April 2019

In the proton exchange membrane fuel cell, durability has recently been the critical issue in its operation.
MOF-templated cobalt nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-doped porous carbon: a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Nath Karabi , Bhunia Kousik , Pradhan Debabrata , Biradha Kumar
Published: April 2019

A carboxylate based 3D-anionic MOF-derived bifunctional electrocatalyst was fabricated for overall water splitting through a one-pot carbonization technique.
The design and synthesis of 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline amine derivatives as yellow-blue emissive materials for optoelectrochemical study
Authors: Singh Pooja S. , Chacko Sajeev , Kamble Rajesh M.
Published: April 2019

Yellow-blue emitting, donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) based bipolar quinoxaline–amine derivatives were designed and synthesized for their optoelectronic applications.
Facile fabrication of sponge-like hierarchically porous Ni,La–SrTiO3 templated by in situ generated carbon deposits and the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity
Authors: Jia Aizhong , Zhang Xiao , Li Fang , Wang Yanji
Published: April 2019

Hierarchical pore-induced multiple internal reflections and/or scattering of light improves the capability of light trapping and thus photocatalytic efficiency.
O2, NO2 and NH3 coordination to Co-porphyrin studied with scanning tunneling microscopy on Au(111)
Authors: Chang Min Hui , Kim Na-Young , Chang Yun Hee , Lee Yeunhee , Jeon Un Seung , Kim Howon , Kim Yong-Hyun , Kahng Se-Jong
Published: April 2019

We observed a square ring structure in O2, a rectangular ring structure in NO2, and a bright-center structure in NH3 coordinated to Co-porphyrin.
Study on water splitting characteristics of CdS nanosheets driven by the coupling effect between photocatalysis and piezoelectricity
Authors: Zhao Yan , Huang Xueyan , Gao Fan , Zhang Lulu , Tian Qinfen , Fang Zhi-Bin , Liu Ping
Published: April 2019

This study introduces a built-in electric field in a one-component nanosheet to promote photo-generated carrier separation.
Tumour-targeting photosensitisers for one- and two-photon activated photodynamic therapy
Authors: Jenni Sébastien , Sour Angélique , Bolze Frédéric , Ventura Barbara , Heitz Valérie
Published: April 2019

Efficient receptor-mediated delivery of a folate-targeted photosensitiser to kill cancer cells following two-photon excitation in the near-infrared is demonstrated.
Ultrasmall MoP encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon hybrid frameworks for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in both acid and alkaline solutions
Authors: Huang Xiaokang , Wang Xiang , Jiang Pengbo , Lan Kai , Qin Jiaheng , Gong Li , Wang Kaizhi , Yang Ming , Ma Lei , Li Rong
Published: April 2019

Ultrasmall MoP encapsulated in N-doped carbon shows outstanding HER activities in both acid and alkaline solutions.
Transition-metal-free borylation of propargylic alcohols: structurally variable synthesis in ionic liquid medium
Authors: Bhavanarushi Sangepu , Xu Yin , Khan Imran , Luo Zhibin , Liu Bin , Xie Jimin
Published: April 2019

Transition-metal-free borylation of unactivated propargylic alcohols in basic ionic liquids allowed the construction of various highly functionalized vinylboronates.
Catalyst-free amination of α-cyanoarylacetates enabled by single-electron transfer
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Han-Liang , Liu Yang , Yu Ao , Yang Chen , Li Xin , Cheng Jin-Pei
Published: April 2019

A radical benzylic amination of α-cyanoarylacetates without the assistance of any transition-metal catalysts or external photosensitizers was realized.
Computational and experimental studies on Cu/Au-catalyzed stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted allenes
Authors: Cid María Magdalena , Lago-Silva María , Comesaña Marta González , Nieto Faza Olalla , López Carlos Silva
Published: April 2019

Thorough mechanistic investigation unveils details of the allenylation of terminal alkynes (ATA) under Crabbé-like conditions allowing for an enantioselective approach.
A pore-expanded supramolecular organic framework and its enrichment of photosensitizers and catalysts for visible-light-induced hydrogen production
Authors: Yan Meng , Liu Xu-Bo , Gao Zhong-Zheng , Wu Yi-Peng , Hou Jun-Li , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Liu Yi , Li Zhan-Ting
Published: April 2019

A 3.6 nm-pore SOF is constructed, which adsorbs both photosensitizers and polyoxometallates for visible light-induced proton reduction to produce H2.
K3PO4-promoted domino reactions: diastereoselective synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans from salicyl N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines and sulfur ylides
Authors: Zhang Minxuan , Lu Tianyu , Zhao Yun , Xie Guixian , Miao Zhiwei
Published: April 2019

The diastereospecific formation of trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofurans has been achieved via a domino annulation between sulfur ylides and salicyl N-tert-butylsulfinyl imines with a diastereodivergent process.
Theoretical studies on the structures and properties of doped graphenes with and without an external electrical field
Authors: Wang Yuhua , Wang Weihua , Zhu Shuyun , Yang Ge , Zhang Zhiqiang , Li Ping
Published: April 2019

To expand the applications of graphene in optoelectronic devices, B, Al, Si, Ge, As, and Sb doped graphenes (marked as B-G, Al-G, Si-G, Ge-G, As-G, and Sb-G, respectively) were synthesised.
Exposure to microwave irradiation at constant culture temperature slows the growth ofEscherichia coliDE3 cells, leading to modified proteomic profiles
Authors: Mazinani Sina Atrin , Noaman Nour , Pergande Melissa R. , Cologna Stephanie M. , Coorssen Jens , Yan Hongbin
Published: April 2019

E. coligrowth is slowed by exposure to non-lethal microwave irradiation, accompanied by changes in proteomic profiles.
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract alleviates high-fat diet induced testicular toxicity in rats
Authors: Wang Er Hui , Yu Zeng Li , Bu Yong Jun , Xu Peng Wei , Xi Jin Yan , Liang Hai Yan
Published: April 2019

GSPE alleviates high-fat diet induced testicular toxicity in rats by promoting anti-apoptotic activity.
Ultrasensitive fluorescent aptasensor for CRP detection based on the RNase H assisted DNA recycling signal amplification strategy
Authors: Liu Zhongzhi , Luo Dan , Ren Fangling , Ran Fengying , Chen Wei , Zhang Bingqiang , Wang Ceming , Chen Hao , Wei Jian , Chen Qinhua
Published: April 2019

An aptamer-based method for the ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of C-reactive protein (CRP) was developed using the ribonuclease H (RNase H) assisted DNA recycling signal amplification strategy.
CF3: an overlooked chromophore in VCD spectra. A review of recent applications in structural determination
Authors: Abbate Sergio , Longhi Giovanna , Mazzeo Giuseppe , Villani Claudio , Petković Silvija , Ruzziconi Renzo
Published: April 2019

VCD allows one to investigate the configuration of stereogenic centers bearing a CF3-group and to define its interactions with nearby chemical groups.
Sensitive detection of methylated DNA and methyltransferase activity based on the lighting up of FAM-labeled DNA quenched fluorescence by gold nanoparticles
Authors: Karimi Mohammad Ali , Dadmehr Mehdi , Hosseini Morteza , Korouzhdehi Behnaz , Oroojalian Fatemeh
Published: April 2019

A novel method for detection of DNA methylation based on fluorescence recovery of FAM labeled DNA/Au NPs was introduced.
Influence of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and 2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (MDO) on the properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement
Authors: Zhao Kangquan , Pi Bin , Zhao Liping , Tian Shoujin , Ge Jianfei , Yang Huilin , Sha Weiping , Wang Liming
Published: April 2019

The properties of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement make it a popular bone filling material.
Aggregation-induced emission enhancement (AIEE)-active tetraphenylethene (TPE)-based chemosensor for Hg2+ with solvatochromism and cell imaging characteristics
Authors: Tang Aling , Chen Zhao , Deng Diandian , Liu Gang , Tu Yayi , Pu Shouzhi
Published: April 2019

A TPE-based AIEE-active fluorescent sensor for Hg2+ was synthesized. Furthermore, it showed solvatochromism and cell imaging characteristics.
Synthesis of α-heterosubstituted ketones through sulfur mediated difunctionalization of internal alkynes
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Luo Yuzheng , Du Hongguang , Xu Jiaxi , Li Pingfan
Published: April 2019

Synthesis of α-heterosubstituted ketones and related heterocyclic structures was achieved through sulfur mediated difunctionalization of internal alkynes in one pot.
The electric double layer structure modulates poly-dT25 conformation and adsorption kinetics at the cationic lipid bilayer interface
Authors: Li PengHua , Shen Yang , Wang LiQun , Lu WangTing , Li WenHui , Chen Kun , Zhou YouHua , Shen Lei , Wei Feng , Zheng WanQuan
Published: April 2019

SFG-VS and TIRFM reveal the conformation and adsorption kinetics of oligonucleotides at lipid membrane interfaces.
Nanoalloying effects on the catalytic activity of the formate oxidation reaction over AgPd and AgCuPd aerogels
Authors: Wang Qiao , Chen Fuyi , Guo Longfei , Jin Tao , Liu Huazhen , Wang Xiaolu , Gong Xiaofang , Liu Yaxing
Published: April 2019

Nanoalloying effects and dealloying endow D-AgCuPd aerogels with significantly enhanced FOR activity compared to their monometallic, bimetallic and trimetallic counterparts.
Double-walled N-doped carbon@NiCo2S4 hollow capsules as SeS2 hosts for advanced Li–SeS2 batteries
Authors: Guo Bingshu , Yang Tingting , Du Wenyan , Ma Qianru , Zhang Long-zhen , Bao Shu-Juan , Li Xiaoyan , Chen Yuming , Xu Maowen
Published: April 2019

Double-walled N-doped carbon@NiCo2S4 hollow capsules as SeS2 hosts to adsorb polyselenium/sulfide and to facilitate the reaction kinetics of Li–SeS2 batteries.
Pyrrole: an additive for improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xuping , Wu Jihuai , Guo Qiyao , Yang Yuqian , Luo Hui , Liu Quanzhen , Wang Xiaobing , He Xin , Huang Miaoliang , Lan Zhang
Published: April 2019

A perovskite solar cell with pyrrole doping achieves an optimal power conversion efficiency of 20.07%.
Engineering the surface atomic structure of FeVO4nanocrystals for use as highly active and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhang Yajun , Huang Xiaojuan , Bi Yingpu
Published: April 2019

FeVO4nanobelts bounded by {010} facets exhibit much higher OER activities and lower overpotential than nanosheets enclosed by {010} facets, which were mainly attributed to the favorable atomic arrangements of {010} facets with Fe–V dual-active sites and an open surface structure.
Versatile template-free construction of hollow nanostructured CeO2 induced by functionalized carbon materials
Authors: Sun Zhi-Jia , Ge Hao , Zhu Shuai , Cao Xiao-Man , Guo Xin , Xiu Zhong-Hai , Huang Zi-Hang , Li Hui , Ma Tianyi , Song Xi-Ming
Published: April 2019

A facile template-free strategy for versatile synthesis of rationally constructed hollow sphere CeO2/carbon material composites is reported.
Correction: Temporal and spatial pinhole constraints in small-molecule hole transport layers for stable and efficient perovskite photovoltaics
Authors: Niu Xiuxiu , Li Nengxu , Zhu Cheng , Liu Lang , Zhao Yizhou , Ge Yang , Chen Yihua , Xu Ziqi , Lu Yue , Sui Manling , Li Yujing , Tarasov Alexey , Goodilin Eugene A. , Zhou Huanping , Chen Qi
Published: April 2019

Correction for ‘Temporal and spatial pinhole constraints in small-molecule hole transport layers for stable and efficient perovskite photovoltaics’ by Xiuxiu Niu et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2019, 7, 7338–7346.
Development of a two-photon fluorescent probe for the selective detection of β-galactosidase in living cells and tissues
Authors: Li Zihong , Ren Mingguang , Wang Li , Dai Lixuan , Lin Weiying
Published: April 2019

We have developed a two-photon fluorescent β-gal probe (G-GAL), which was demonstrated to be an efficient two-photon biosensor for β-gal in living cells and tissues.
Starvation-induced autophagy is up-regulated via ROS-mediated ClC-3 chloride channel activation in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-2Z
Authors: Zheng Yanfang , Chen Zhanru , Gu Zhuoyu , Yang Xiaoya , Yu Meisheng , Zhao Chan , Lin Jiawei , Xu Peisheng , Zhu Linyan , Jacob Tim J. C. , Peng Shuang , Chen Lixin , Wang Liwei
Published: April 2019

Nutrient deficiency develops frequently in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell (CNE-2Z) due to the characteristics of aggregation and uncontrolled proliferation. Therefore, starvation can induce autophagy in these cells. Chloride channel 3 (ClC-3), a member of the chloride channel family, is involved in various biological processes. However, whether ClC-3 plays an important role in starvation-induced autophagy is unclear. In this study, Earle's balanced salt solution (EBSS) was used to induce autophagy in CNE-2Z cells. We found that autophagy and the chloride current induced by EBSS were inhibited by chloride channel blockers. ClC-3 knockdown inhibited the degradation of LC3-II and P62. Furthermore, when reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was suppressed by antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine (L-NAC) pretreatment, EBSS-induced autophagy was inhibited, and the chloride current was unable to be activated. Nevertheless, ClC-3 knockdown had little effect on ROS levels, indicating that ROS acted upstream of ClC-3 and that both ROS and ClC-3 participated in EBSS-induced autophagy regulation in CNE-2Z.
Climate change and the rising infectiousness of dengue
Authors: Rocklöv Joacim , Tozan Yesim
Published: April 2019

The disease burden of dengue has been steadily rising over the last half-century due to a multitude of factors, including global trade and travel, urbanization, population growth, and climate variability and change, that facilitate conductive conditions for the proliferation of dengue vectors and viruses. This review describes how climate, specifically temperature, affects the vectors’ ability to cause and sustain outbreaks, and how the infectiousness of dengue is influenced by climatic change. The review is focused on the core concepts and frameworks derived in the area of epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases and outlines the sensitivity of vectorial capacity and vector-to-human transmission on climatic conditions. It further reviews studies linking mathematical or statistical models of disease transmission to scenarios of projected climate change and provides recommendations for future research directions.
Perception enhancement of subthreshold noisy image with vibrational resonance
Authors: Morfu S. , Usama B.I. , Marquié P.
Published: April 2019

The authors reveal the first evidence of subthreshold noisy image perception, which takes benefit of the vibrational resonance phenomenon. Indeed, an appropriate amount of a high‐frequency perturbation allows revealing a grey level noisy image through a threshold detector.
Learning content‐adaptive feature pooling for facial depression recognition in videos
Authors: Zhou Xiuzhuang , Huang Peng , Liu Haoming , Niu Sihua
Published: April 2019

Recently, a deep representation of facial depression built on convolutional neural networks has shown impressive performance in video‐based depression recognition. However, most existing approaches either fix the weights or using a certain heuristics to integrate the frame‐level facial features, resulting in suboptimal feature aggregation in encoding the helpful while discarding noisy information in videos. To address this issue, the authors introduce the memory attention mechanism in a regression network to learn a deep discriminative depression representation, where the residual network module aims at learning frame‐level deep feature, while the attention module acts as a pooling layer by adaptively learning the weights emphasising or suppressing face images with varying poses and imaging conditions. They empirically evaluate the proposed approach on a benchmark depression dataset, and the results demonstrate the superiority of their approach over the state‐of‐the‐art alternatives.
Space–time line coded regenerative two‐way relay systems with power control
Authors: Joung J. , Jung B.C. , Choi J.
Published: April 2019

In this Letter, a general space–time line code (STLC)‐based two‐way relay (TWR) method is proposed to enable a power control for individual data streams transmitted to source nodes. Optimal power control factors are derived to ensure fairness between two source nodes under per‐antenna power constraints. When the two‐way channels are unbalanced, numerical results verify that the proposed method outperforms the existing TWR methods, an STLC TWR method without power control, and a space division multiple‐access‐based TWR method.
Circular feeding network for circular polarisation reconfigurable antennas
Authors: Fartookzadeh M. , Mohseni Armaki S.H.
Published: April 2019

In this Letter, a symmetric feeding network is proposed for constructing circular polarisation (CP) reconfigurable antennas. The proposed feeding network is based on the sequentially rotated serial feed with three outputs, which has been employed for circularly polarised antennas, extensively. The reconfigurability is obtained by using an additional line and bias circuits. A circular patch antenna is stacked on the proposed feeding network, designed for the frequency band 2–2.3 GHz, to obtain a wideband CP reconfigurable antenna. The performance of the proposed reconfigurable antenna is validated using simulation and measurement results.
Focused microwave thermotherapy technique based on microwave tomographic imaging
Authors: Simonov N. , Son S.‐H.
Published: April 2019

The main issue of focused microwave thermotherapy is to find an appropriate model for the body's dielectric map and the target position for microwave treatment. This Letter proposes the method to synthesise the focusing array excitation vector from the preliminary evaluated dielectric image of the human body. The dielectric image is reconstructed from scattering signals measured by the same antenna array, and the array excitation vector is extracted from the singular value decomposition of the multi‐static scattering data matrix. To demonstrate the proposed technique, the authors solve a two‐dimensional inverse electromagnetic scattering problem and a bio‐heat equation.
Inductance calculations for coaxial iron‐core coils shielded by cylindrical screens of high permeability
Authors: Zhu Yuanzhe , Chen Baichao , Luo Yao , Zhu Runhang
Published: April 2019

Coaxial iron‐core coil system shielded by a magnetic screen is a complex model for analytical calculation, because a complicated boundary value problem must be tackled for obtaining inductances of the coils in this situation. Truncated region eigenfunction expansion method is a suitable way to work out such a problem containing complex boundary conditions. Three different models are taken into consideration in this study. Starting with coil system shielded by two infinitely large plates, the basic steps of the proposed method are introduced carefully. Then the relevant techniques and conclusions are applied to the iron‐core coils shielded by a fully enclosed cylindrical screen of high permeability and a lidless one. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing with finite element method software and experiments. From relevant data, it is evident that the proposed method is much faster and can be easily used for forecast and evaluation of new schemes in device design process.
Multiscale multivariate fuzzy entropy‐based technique to distinguish transformer magnetising from fault currents
Authors: Li Chunyan , Zhou Niancheng , Liao Jianquan , Wang Qianggang
Published: April 2019

As vectors' similarity is defined on the basis of the hard boundary of Heaviside function in multiscale multivariate sample entropy, the two families of statistics show high sensitivity to the similarity tolerance. Multiscale multivariate fuzzy entropy (MMFE), which applied fuzzy membership function, overcomes the problem. Hence, the visualisation inrush current discrimination algorithm based on MMFE is proposed. The proposed algorithm divides the MMFE‐τ plane into two parts: active and braking zones. The ratio of the current entropy area to the given braking zone area is designated as the entropy area ratio. The magnetising inrush and fault current of the transformer are identified on the basis of the numerical value comparison between the entropy area ratio and the fixed value of 1. Through the ATP/EMTP platform and dynamic testing system, the transformer currents under different operating conditions are analysed. Results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively distinguish the magnetising inrush from the fault current of the transformer and is superior to other methods.
Intelligent non‐linear dynamic equivalent approach applied to Algerian power system
Authors: Gueddouche Rabah , Boudour Mohamed
Published: April 2019

Aggregate or reduced power systems are often needed by operators and engineers to minimise the interconnection complexity and time simulation, without neglecting the effect of the interconnected area on internal system transient or dynamic stability study. In this work, a non‐linear power system dynamic reduction is carried out by combining the diversity of solutions obtained with genetic algorithms and the accuracy of Newtonian methods when one is close to the solution. The network is divided into two parts; the first part called the study system, and the second is the external system, which is to be replaced by an equivalent. Using the proposed equivalent estimation procedure, the network model is kept non‐linear in both the study and the external systems; the obtained equivalent model is a non‐linear model with online possibility application. The proposed approach is tested with IEEE 10‐machine‐39Bus, IEEE 16‐machine‐68Bus and the Algerian power system with 90‐machine‐673Bus. The results prove that the designed equivalent represents faithfully the behaviour of the original system. The estimated equivalent system is ten times faster than real‐time dynamic simulation for the Algerian network.
Initial travelling wavefront‐based bus zone protection scheme
Authors: Jena Soumitri , Bhalja Bhavesh R.
Published: April 2019

A high‐speed busbar protection scheme based on initial travelling wavefronts is presented in this study. The aerial mode current travelling waves (TWs) across all lines connected to the busbar are calculated using Karenbauer transformation. Thereafter, the polarity and magnitude of wavelet transform modulus maximas of line current appearing after fault inception are analysed for fault zone and faulty phase identification. Its performance has been evaluated by modelling an existing 750 kV Indian substation in PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme provides better stability for external faults and higher reliability in case of internal faults in comparison with conventional low‐impedance busbar differential protection scheme (87B). Moreover, it remains immune to the current transformer saturation problems. In the end, comparative evaluation of the proposed scheme with the existing busbar protection schemes proves its superiority in terms of stability against external faults, sensitivity for internal faults, computational obligations, and communication requirements.
Characteristics of electrical tree defect during the growth period in high‐voltage DC cable under stepped DC voltage
Authors: Zhu Xi , Wu Jiandong , Wang Yalin , Yin Yi
Published: April 2019

In this study, the electrical tree mechanisms during a growth period from tens of microns to hundreds of microns were investigated for cross‐linked polyethylene under a stepped DC voltage. The results show that the electrical tree grows along the direction of the needle tip pointing to the ground, and the tree growth follows a typical single branch type. The growth of the electrical tree is mainly detected during the voltage rising process and is rarely observed during the voltage maintenance step. Moreover, the length increment of the tree decreases with the increase in the length of the initial tree. The simulation results for the charge transport in the needle–plane electrode suggest that these growth characteristics are associated with the energy released near the needle tip during the charge trapping and detrapping processes.
Bent cantilever radio frequency microelectromechanical system power detector with improved linearity up to 1 W
Authors: Chu Chenlei , Liao Xiaoping
Published: April 2019

This study reports a bent cantilever radio frequency microelectromechanical system power detector with improved linearity up to 1 W. The proposed device employs an upward bent cantilever for power detection. The novelty of this structure is that the bend of this kind in cantilever can realize the compensation for non‐linear saturation at high power level effectively. As a result, the linearity will be improved on the condition of high power detection. An equivalent circuit model of mechanical principle is established to analyse the bent cantilever behaviour. The whole device is fabricated using GaAs microwave monolithic integrated circuit technology. The bent cantilever is constructed to overcome the stress gradient during deep etching releasing process. Measurement results prove the improved linearity from 100 mW to 1 W and the corresponding sensitivity is 2.8 aF/mW at 10 GHz.
High‐efficiency three‐phase bidirectional dc–ac converter for energy storage systems
Authors: Jeong Seo‐Gwang , Kim Kwang‐Seop , Kwon Jung‐Min , Kwon Bong‐Hwan
Published: April 2019

This study presents a high‐efficiency three‐phase bidirectional dc–ac converter for use in energy storage systems (ESSs). The proposed converter comprises a modified three‐level T‐type converter (M3LT2C) and a three‐level bidirectional dc–dc converter. The M3LT2C comprises two T‐type cells to interface with a three‐phase grid. By directly connecting the S‐phase of the grid to a neutral point on the dc link, the active and passive components are required for only two grid phases, which reduces power losses, system volume, and production cost. A direct nominal voltage compensation control algorithm enables the converter to obtain high grid power quality. Also, the three‐level bidirectional dc–dc converter enables low switching and conduction losses with reduced voltage stress across the switches. In addition, a simple dc‐link voltage‐balancing algorithm enables the balancing of two split dc‐link capacitor voltages. To confirm the theoretical analysis of the proposed converter and assess its validity, a 10‐kW prototype was implemented and tested.
Model predictive control with improved discrete space vector modulation for three‐level Vienna rectifier
Authors: Zhu Wenjie , Chen Changsong , Duan Shanxu
Published: April 2019

This article proposes a model predictive control (MPC) with the discrete space vector modulation (DSVM) to reduce input current ripple of three‐level Vienna rectifier. The finite control set MPC (FCS‐MPC) applied in power converters has variable switching frequency and needs high sampling frequency for better input current quality. With the proposed approach, more feasible vectors can be used to improve the input current's performance with the DSVM using the virtual vectors. The DSVM‐MPC features fixed switching frequency and should implement large numbers of virtual vectors with the calculation burden. The improved DSVM‐MPC is proposed to optimise the MPC algorithm by selecting the adjacent feasible vectors according to the reference voltage vector trajectory. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the experimental results in a Vienna rectifier platform, which shows that the proposed method possesses better input current performance compared with the FCS‐MPC method.
Beam space estimation of the direction‐of‐arrivals of coherent signals
Authors: Gray Douglas , Yang Ruiting , Al‐Ashwal Waddah
Published: April 2019

When the incident signals received by a phased array are correlated, spatial smoothing techniques which are used in element space (ES) to overcome the rank deficiency of the signal subspace are not able to be directly applied in beam space (BS). Recently it has been shown that an approximate ES covariance matrix with the appropriate signal and noise subspaces can be reconstructed from the BS covariance matrix thus allowing spatial smoothing to be carried out on the reconstructed ES covariance matrix and hence high resolution BS direction‐of‐arrival estimates to be obtained for correlated arrivals. The theory previously developed required that the beams be orthogonal and this study shows how the use of the Moore–Penrose pseudo‐inverse and sector focused stability version of BS processing allows the requirement of orthogonality to be reduced to the more realistic and practical constraint that the beams used be independent. The special case of a uniform linear array is considered and it is shown that due to the Vandermonde structure of the beamforming matrix spatial smoothing can be carried out directly in BS.
Novel prediction‐reliability based graphical DGA technique using multi‐layer perceptron network & gas ratio combination algorithm
Authors: Chatterjee Kingshuk , Dawn Subham , Jadoun Vinay K. , Jarial R.K.
Published: April 2019

Dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is among the most essential techniques for diagnosis of incipient faults in power transformers. Here, a novel graphical DGA technique is proposed in which fault zones are distinguished based on certainty of prediction. The Duval Pentagon 1 and gas ratio combination methods are two most recent techniques with high prediction accuracy. In the Duval Pentagon 1, the rigidly separated distinct fault zones reduce the flexibility of analysis because the fault distributions themselves are not that strictly separated. This also prevents the full utilisation of the information available from the distribution patterns of the graphical representation. This problem has been addressed by overlapping individual fault zones and overlapping them using a multi‐layer perceptron (MLP) network with fuzzy class boundaries. Then, in the regions, where multiple fault zones overlap, a modified gas ratio combination method is applied. Finally, a fuzzy decision‐making system is developed for predicting the fault using information from both graphical distribution and gas ratios. The combined accuracy of the regions of certainty has been found exceptionally high (98.36%) compared to the regions of uncertainty (58.97%), whereas the overall prediction accuracy of the proposed technique is found comparatively higher (83%) than both the existing methods.
Different options for multi‐rotor wind turbine grid connection
Authors: Givaki Kamyab
Published: April 2019

Here, different options for integration of the multi‐rotor wind turbine (MRWT) concept are investigated. The intra‐turbine collection network of the MRWT can be designed in either AC or DC. The reliability and costs associated with each connection option are compared. It is presented that the MRWT can be considered as wind farm with the same number of turbines and the same configuration for collection network as for wind farms can be used for MRWT.
Techno‐economic evaluation of power electronics‐assisted transmission system frequency regulation
Authors: Shah Rakibuzzaman , Preece Robin , Barnes Mike , Sánchez Jesus Carmona
Published: April 2019

In many future power systems, the power generation may be predominantly supplied from converter interfaced sources (i.e. wind, solar, HVDC interconnection). In the context of the UK, the government is aiming for a share of wind capacity in the total generation mix as high as 29 GW by 2020. For a small power system like Great Britain (GB) with no synchronous connection to continental Europe, frequency stability is identified as a major challenge. Therefore, additional primary response and inertia (or fast frequency containment response) are anticipated as being required to sustain the frequency stability of the GB system. Here, techno‐economic assessment is carried out to explore the overall benefits of various frequency control strategies. Frequency regulation by VSC‐HVDC system is realised as the best strategy regarding overall system benefits.
Condition monitoring for solder layer degradation in multi‐device system based on neural network
Authors: Hu Borong , Konaklieva Sylvia , Xu Shengyou , Ortiz‐Gonzalez Jose , Ran Li , Ng Chong , McKeever Paul , Alatise Olayiwola
Published: April 2019

Power semiconductor devices (chips) are usually arranged in parallel to increase the power rating of the modules for high power applications like renewable energy. In multi‐device systems uneven degradation of the devices is inevitable. The uneven solder layer degradation of the parallel chips translates into higher thermal resistances for the degraded chips and, according to the electrothermal properties of the devices, the current sharing and temperature distribution between the devices will be affected. This phenomenon will have implications on the global reliability of the power module. In this study, a two‐stage neural network (NN) approach is proposed for the diagnosis of the degradation: the first stage NN estimates the power losses of the parallel devices, whose deviations from the reference values are then applied to the NN in the second stage to classify the health condition. This condition monitoring method has been evaluated in on‐state experiments at different constant current values, indicating that it could be a suitable strategy for improving the operational reliability of converters employing multi‐chip power modules.
Fluid flow and heat transfer analysis of TEFC machine end regions using more realistic end‐winding geometry
Authors: La Rocca Salvatore , Pickering Stephen J. , Eastwick Carol N. , Gerada Chris , Rönnberg Kristian
Published: April 2019

Here, a typical small low‐voltage totally enclosed fan‐cooled (TEFC) motor (output power ∼10 kW) has been studied using computational fluid dynamics. The complexity of the end‐winding geometries, often consisting of several insulated copper strands bound together, provides a challenge to the modelling and analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena occurring in the end region, which typically is an area of most interest for thermal management. Approximated geometries are usually employed in order to model the end windings to reduce the analysis time and cost. This paper presents a comparison of two cases, a typical simplified geometry and a more realistic geometry of end windings, and uses these cases to highlight the challenges and impact on predicted heat transfer. A comparison of the two models indicate that the different representations of end winding geometries can affect the heat dissipation rate through the outer housing by up to 45%.
Feasibility study of an induction motor rim drive for an aircraft boundary‐layer‐ingestion fan
Authors: Smith Alexander C. , Iacchetti Matteo F. , Tuohy Paul M.
Published: April 2019

This study presents a feasibility study for an induction motor rim drive to power aircraft boundary‐layer‐ingestion (BLI) fans. The design is developed from a BLI‐fan specification for traditional aircraft architecture: the rotor is fastened to the rim of the blade shroud, not to obstruct the fan duct and interfere with the air flow. The main objective of this study is the identification of achievable power density and efficiency levels with an induction motor rim drive configuration considering the structural requirements for the integrity of the rotor operating with high tip speeds. The proposed 250 kW, 14,000 rpm design example achieves an efficiency in excess of 97% with an active mass around 20 kg.
Novel protection scheme for high‐voltage direct‐current transmission lines based on one‐terminal transient AC voltage
Authors: Zhang Yunke , Li Yongli , Song Jinzhao , Li Botong , Chen Xiaolong , Zeng Liang
Published: April 2019

This paper considers the distributed capacitance of transmission lines to research the protection of high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) transmission line. According to the superposition theorem, the post‐fault superimposed network of HVDC system is used to analyse the characteristic of the root mean square (RMS) of specific frequency voltage (SFV) during the transient period of internal and external faults. At the parallel resonant frequency of DC filter, for internal faults, the fluctuation of the RMS of transient AC voltage is larger than that of external faults. Based on the fluctuation characteristic of single‐terminal transient AC voltage, a novel protection scheme for HVDC transmission lines is proposed. Various simulation results show that the proposed protection is immune to fault resistance and performs well under different fault types.
Generalised overmodulation approach applied to symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded multilevel converters with faults on the converter power cells
Authors: Carnielutti Fernanda , Pinheiro Humberto
Published: April 2019

In this work, a generalised hybrid overmodulation strategy for symmetrical and asymmetrical cascaded multilevel converters with faulty cells is proposed. This approach allows the converter to operate with a wider range of modulation indexes even with faults on the power cells, compared with the case where just operation on the linear region is considered. As a result, the operating range of the converter can be expanded. The proposed algorithm simplifies the modulation, as it does not need to calculate and store offline multiple trajectories for the voltage reference, as usually is the case with overmodulation strategies; this task is performed online. Due to the nature of cascaded multilevel converters, two kinds of overmodulation can happen during faults on the converter power cells, which are discussed in this paper. Then, solutions are presented in order to deal with all of these operating conditions. Experimental results with a hardware‐in‐the‐loop platform are given to verify and validate the theoretical analysis.