bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vitamin K Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Verma Hitesh , Garg Rajeev
Published: January 2019

Background:

Multiple cross sectional and longitudinal studies reported the benefits of vitamin K intake for management of cardiometabolic risk factors so as to minimize the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Objective:

In present systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin K supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methodology:

A systematic literature search of PubMed, Cochrane central, Clinicaltrials.gov, Google Scholar, Web of Science, EBSCO and Scopus databases was done from inception to November, 2017. A total of 13 trials were selected for inclusion into the present systematic review to evaluate the effect of vitamin K supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors in healthy or in population at high risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Results:

Significant beneficial effects of vitamin K supplementation were found only in case of Creactive protein (p = 0.01) and insulin sensitivity index (p <0.001), while no significant effects of vitamin K supplementation were found in case of total cholesterol (p=0.857), low density lipoprotein – cholesterol (p=0.964), high density lipoprotein – cholesterol (p=0.998), interleukin – 6 (p=0.766), systolic blood pressure (p=0.660), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.818), fasting plasma glucose (p=0.362), fasting plasma insulin (p=0.928) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (p=0.672).

Conclusion:

Presently available evidence are insufficient to ascertain the beneficial effects of vitamin K supplementation for the management of cardiometabolic risk factors. In order to explore the true potential of vitamin K supplementation for management of cardiometabolic diseases, large randomized placebo controlled trials are required in population with disturbed cardiometabolic profile. Present systematic review and meta-analysis is registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD42018084608).
Performance Analysis of DCF- Two Way Handshake vs RTS/CTS During Train-Trackside Communication in CBTC based on WLAN802.11b
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Mishra Rajesh
Published: January 2019

Background:

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is used primarily in CBTC because of easy availability of commercial WLAN equipment. In present scenario, WLAN Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is a well-known protocol which is used to satisfy real-time traffic and delay- sensitive applications. The bidirectional train-trackside communication is the fundamental key of train control in CBTC.

Methods:

DCF describes two basic techniques used for packet transmission: First technique is a Two Way Handshake (TWH) mechanism and another is Four Way Handshake (FWH) mechanisms. RTS/CTS FWH protocol specified by IEEE802.11b is introduced to rectify the Hidden Node Problem (HNP) encounters in TWH protocol. That is why the TWH mechanism of DCF technique suffers from higher average packet delay time when this protocol is applied to CBTC. DCF- Four Way Handshake (FWH), Request To Send (RTS) and Clear To Send (CTS) delay model is proposed to develop Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) system.

Results:

FWH is applied in CBTC to overcome the packet delay and throughput limitations of Two Way Handshake (TWH) mechanism of distributed coordination function (DCF) based technique. An experiment is designed to simulate and compare the performance of RTS/CTS delay model against TWH mechanism of DCF.

Conclusion:

It was found that the Average packet delay is slightly higher and throughput is lesser in RTS/CTS in comparison to TWH method. By comparing the performance of these two medium access mechanism in CBTC it was found that for multiple retransmissions with various data rates the RTS/CTS model had better packet delay time than TWH.
Há limites na intervenção dos tribunais na saúde pública?
Authors: Lima Fernando Rister de Sousa , Finco Matteo
Published: January 2019

Esta pesquisa investiga o limite da intervenção jurídica na saúde pública e adota a teoria dos sistemas como premissa epistemológica, e como base de dados empíricos os gastos gerados com as intervenções judiciais na saúde pública. Como resultado, verifica-se que o limite investigado está na possibilidade de a Administração Pública (sistema político) se adequar às comunicações vindas dos tribunais. O código do sistema político não pode ser corrompido pelo direito. A demanda levada pelo direito não pode ser superior à capacidade do sistema político de lidar com a complexidade social inserida nas decisões jurídicas.Palavras-chave: Decisões judiciais. Teoria dos sistemas. Sistema político.
O impacto da UPP nas relações da polícia militar com os moradores de uma favela ocupada
Authors: Garau Marilha Gabriela Reverendo
Published: January 2019

Fruto de pesquisa etnográfica, este artigo tem por objeto o conjunto de representações e práticas relativas à proposta de polícia de proximidade presentes nos discursos de policiais lotados em uma UPP carioca. A análise objetiva identificar em que medida, diante da proposta de policiamento de proximidade, as relações da Polícia Militar com os moradores da favela foram modificadas, a partir da apropriação, ressignificação ou reinterpretação do projeto. Neste exercício leva-se em consideração as representações policiais e sociais de espaços tidos como favelados a fim de melhor compreender de que forma os pressupostos de igualdade de direitos são relacionados a estes indivíduos.
Direito, anista e perdão: a partir da perspectiva de Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Fischer Pacheco Mariana Pimentel , Santos Tassiana Bezerra dos
Published: January 2019

Nos últimos dez anos, no Brasil, o debate sobre direito, anistia e memória ganhou elevada relevância. O discurso jurídico dominante é ser, contudo, pouco sensível a reflexões realizadas por diferentes linhagens da filosofia e da crítica social sobre os riscos de associar anistia e esquecimento. Dentre as diversas tradições que se ocupam com a questão, a hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur, em especial, investiga tensões entre uma anistia juridicamente determinada e o perdão, que exige memória e extrapola o campo do direito. Ora, se o perdão ultrapassa o direito, seria, então, uma tarefa inócua, para juristas, discuti-lo? Poderia uma reflexão sobre o tema ter efeitos relevantes na ordem jurídica? Para responder a essas perguntas, olharemos para as diferenças entre os casos brasileiro e sul-africano e discutiremos a possibilidades de realizar conexões produtivas direito e um ambiente de zelo pela memória e pelo pedido de perdão.
Forma jurídica e gênero: uma análise pachukaniana
Authors: Molitor Thamíris Evaristo
Published: January 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho é relacionar a teoria marxista do direito com a questão de gênero na sociedade capitalista. Assim, irá tratar da teoria pachukaniana do direito, que deriva da análise da obra de Karl Marx, para ter instrumentais teóricos com vistas a apresentar uma hipótese sobre a causa da desigualdade de gênero existente no capitalismo e sua possível, ou não, superação. Primeiramente, tratará sobre forma jurídica e capitalismo, analisando a obra de Pachukanis, também à luz d’O capital, para compreender o papel da forma mercadoria e da forma sujeito de direito nesse modo de produção. Em segundo lugar, analisará a passagem da mulher à condição de sujeito de direito no Brasil conforme os conceitos apresentados. Por fim, relacionará a questão da forma jurídica com a possibilidade de alcance da igualdade de gênero nessa sociedade. A metodologia a ser utilizada será a revisão bibliográfica de obras que analisam a forma jurídica através do método materialista histórico-dialético e sua relação com obras que analisam gênero, principalmente no Brasil. Conclui que as mulheres passaram a ser tratadas como sujeito de direito de maneira tardia em relação aos homens e que a igualdade de gênero não poderá ser alcançada em uma sociedade de classes.
Determinants of Labor Productivity in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Pre- and Post-Financial Crisis Mexico
Authors: Kang Young-Hee , Na Kyunga
Published: January 2019

Although the global financial crisis of 2008 had tremendous effects on global businesses, its impact on firm performance in emerging markets is unknown. To develop this knowledge, this study explores the factors that influenced labor productivity in emerging markets before and after the crisis. Using a sample of 2,061 Mexican firms that were collected by the World Bank in 2006 and 2010, this study investigates the relationships of bribery, informality, and corporate governance to labor productivity. The results show that, before the crisis, informality and foreign ownership were positively associated with labor productivity. On the other hand, after the crisis, bribery and informality are negatively related to labor productivity, while foreign ownership and external auditing make positive impacts on labor productivity. The findings imply that businesses need to improve the quality of their corporate governance and decrease bribery. Governments of emerging markets need to reduce the levels of informality.
CHARACTERIZATION OF 0.58 kb DNA STILBENE SYNTHASE ENCODING GENE FRAGMENT FROM MELINJO PLANT (Gnetum gnemon)
Authors: Raharjo Tri Joko , Rizki Rosyida Azis , Ethica Stalis Norma , Rustanti Elly , Nugroho L. Hartanto
Published: January 2019

Resveratrol is a potent anticancer agent resulted as the main product of enzymatic reaction between common precursor in plants and Stilbene Synthase enzyme, which is expressed by sts gene. Characterization of internal fragment of Stilbene Synthase (STS) encoding gene from melinjo plant (Gnetum gnemon L.) has been carried out as part of a larger work to obtain a full length of Stilbene Synthase encoding gene of the plant. RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) was performed using two degenerated primers to amplify the gene fragment. Ten published STS conserved amino acid sequences from various plant species from genebank were utilized to construct a pair of GGF2 (5' GTTCCACCTGCGAAGCAGCC 3') and GGR2 (5' CTGGATCGCACATCC TGGTG 3') primers. Both designed primers were predicted to be in the position of 334-354 and 897-916 kb of the gene respectively. Total RNA isolated from melinjo leaves was used as template for the RT-PCR amplification process using two-step technique. A collection of 0.58 DNA fragments was generated from RT-PCR amplification and met the expected results. The obtained DNA fragments were subsequently isolated, refined and sequenced. A nucleotide sequence analysis was accomplished by comparing it to the existed sts genes available in genebank. Homology analysis of the DNA fragments with Arachis hypogaea L00952 sts gene showed high similarity level. Taken together, the results are evidence that the amplified fragment obtained in this study is part of melinjo sts gene
A NOVEL OCTAHEDRAL NIOBIUM OXYCHLORIDE CLUSTER BUILT FROM INTERCONNECTED Nb6Cl12O4 UNITS: Cs2Sc3Nb12</subCl27O8
Authors: Gulo Fakhili
Published: January 2019

A novel octahedral niobium cluster oxychloride compound, Cs2Sc3Nb12Cl27O8 was synthesized by solid-state route techniques from stoichiometric mixture of CsCl, Sc2O3, Nb, NbCl5, and Nb2O5, heated at 700 °C for two days. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system with space group of Pnma, a = 17.5206(1) Å, b = 29.6899(3) Å, c = 9.2114(1) Å, and V = 4791.63(8) Å3. The structure is based on  unit in which four oxygen ligands selectively occupy inner positions arranged in sets of three and one on opposite side of the Nb6 octahedron. Each cluster shares three apical-chlorine ligands with three adjacent clusters to form layers with topology similar to that of graphite. The cluster units are also connected to each other by both cesium and scandium atoms to form a three-dimensional framework. This compound exhibits 14 valence electrons per cluster.
PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF Ni(II) DOPED TiO2 NANOCRYSTAL BY SOL-GEL PROCESS
Authors: Hermawan Prasetyo , Pranowo Harno Dwi , Kartini Indriana
Published: January 2019

Ni(II) doped titanium dioxide has been prepared by using sol-gel process. Ni(II) ion was incorporated into titanium dioxide by reacting Ni(II) chloride with titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTiP)-acetyl acetone mixture in isopropanol solvent. The effects of transition metal ion doping on the physical properties have been investigated. UV/Vis spectrophotometer, TGA-DTA, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DR-UV/Vis were used to investigate the spectra absorption of nanosol, nanoparticle thermal transition, structure of crystal and band edge absorption, respectively. The results at addition of 5% Ni/Ti revealed that absorbance of nanosol increased from 0.811 (λmax: 342 nm) to 2.283 (λmax: 350 nm). The crystallization temperature transition from anatase to rutile decreased from 500 °C to 475 °C. The particle size increased from 18.51 nm to 20.35 nm, while the band gap energy (Eg) decreased from 2.73 eV to 2.51 eV.
IMMOBILIZATION OF Saccharomycess cereviceae BIOMASS ON CHITOSAN AND ITS APPLICATION AS AN ADSORBENT FOR Pb(II) ION
Authors: Hasri Hasri , Mudasir Mudasir , Aprilita Nurul Hidayat , Roto Roto
Published: January 2019

An application of Saccharomycess cereviceae biomass immobilized on chitosan (SC-Chi adsorbent) for Pb(II) ion removal was demonstrated. Adsorption experiment was conducted at various mass ratio of Saccharomycess cereviceae biomass to chitosan, contact time, pH of solution and concentration of cation. Total Pb(II) metal ion adsorbed was calculated from the difference of the amount of metal ion before and after adsorption which was measured by AAS. The results showed that optimum condition for adsorption of Pb(II) ion by the SC-Chi was achieved using mass ratio of Saccharomycess cereviceae to chitosan of 50% (w/w), pH solution of 7, contact time of 60 min and concentration of 25 mgL-1. The hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups are believed to be responsible for the adsorption of Pb(II) ion by the adsorbent.
PREPARATION OF TEMPERATURE-RESPONSIVE POLYMER BY GRAFTING OF N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE (NIPAAM) ONTO SOLID WASTE CASSAVA
Authors: Suka Irwan Ginting , Simanjuntak Wasinton
Published: January 2019

In this study, cellulose prepared from solid waste of cassava industry was functionalized with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) using grafting technique with the aid of cerium (IV) as initiator, to obtain temperature responsive polymer. In this research, several factors influencing the grafting process and the characteristics of the grafted polymer were investigated, including concentration of monomer and initiator, temperature, reaction time, and solvent used. The functionality of native and grafted cellulose was analyzed using FTIR spectroscopic technique and the response of grafted polymer toward temperature was evaluated with water absorption experiment. Increased concentration of both monomer and initiator was found to promote percentage of polymerization, and utilization of organic solvent was found to enhance the percentage of polymerization. From absorption experiment, it was found that the produced polymer was responsive toward temperature of its environment, as indicated by higher water adsorption at temperature of 5 °C compared to that adsorbed at temperature of 50 °C.
ENRICHMENT OF α-( ALPHA) LINOLENIC ACID OF BASIL SEED OIL, Ocinum Basillium L. BY FRACTIONAL CRYSTALIZATION AND CRYSTALIZATION IN UREA INCLUSION COMPLEXES
Authors: Warsito Warsito , Jumina Jumina , Anwar Chairil , Retnowati Rurini , Ghanaim Ahmad , Duengo Suleman
Published: January 2019

Enrichment of α-(alpha) linolenic acid (ALA) of basil seed oil, Ocinum basilicum L. can be done by fractional crystalization and crystalization of fatty acid in urea inclusion complexes (UIC) methods. In this research, the ALA of fatty acid of basil seed oil was fractionated by fractional crystallization in methanol solution at -3, -13 and -25 °C and by crystallization in urea solution (ratio 1:2) at 4, 2, -6 and -8 °C. The ALA percentages were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The results showed that percentage of ALA obtained from fractional crystallization at -25 °C increase from 65.16 to 91.40, and acquired from UIC is 98.8 at 2 °C
ELECTRO-DEGRADATION OF REACTIVE BLUE DYES USING CYLINDER MODIFIED ELECTRODE: Ti/β-PbO2 AS DIMENSIONALLY STABLE ANODE
Authors: Mukimin Aris , Wijaya Karna , Kuncaka Agus
Published: January 2019

A cylinder modified electrode of the β-PbO2 was fabricated by anodic electro-deposition method on titanium substrate. The PbO2 layer prepared from high acid solution (pH: 0.3) that contains a mixed of 0.5 M Pb(NO3)2, 1 M HNO3, and 0,02 M NaF. The physicochemical properties of the PbO2 electrode were analyzed by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis and X-Ray Diffraction. The analyses have shown that oxide layer has an O/Pb ratio about 1.6 and the PbO impurities are formed in the surface layer besides the β-PbO2. The modified electrode was used as anode paired stainless cathode in the electro-degradation of reactive blue dye. The results of the electro-catalytic oxidation process of the dye solution were expressed in terms of the remaining intensity dye and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values. The modified electrode has removal efficiency of the reactive blue dye at voltage of 7 V, pH of 7, concentration NaCl of 2 g/L, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L with simple and short time operations.
ENHANCEMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY AND SELECTIVITY OF THE VOLTAMMETRIC SENSOR FOR URIC ACID USING MOLECULARLY IMPRINTED POLYMER
Authors: Khasanah Miratul , Mudasir Mudasir , Kuncaka Agus , Sugiharto Eko , Supriyanto Ganden , Wafiroh Siti
Published: January 2019

The sensitivity and selectivity of voltammetric sensor for uric acid can be improved by modifying the working electrode using a polymer with a molecular template (molecularly imprinted polymer, MIP). Polymer and MIP was synthesized from methacrylic acid (MAA) as monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylic acid (EGDMA) as cross-linker, uric acid (UA) as template and the results were characterized by various methods. The poly-MAA formation was identified by a decrease in the intensity of infrared (IR) spectra at ~1540 cm-1 (C=C) and an increase at ~1700 cm-1 (C=O) compared to the IR spectra of the MAA and EGDMA. The SEM analysis showed that the cavity of polymer is small enough (~ 0.1 µm) and homogeneous. Establishment of MIP was carried out by extracting of the uric acid from the polymer network. The IR spectra of MIP exhibited the decrease in intensity at ~1700 cm-1 (C=O) compared to the non imprinted polymer (NIP). The data of BET analysis showed that polymer pore size increase slightly from 37.71 Å to 38.02 Å after the extraction process of uric acid from the polymer network. Its may be due to incomplete extraction of uric acid from the polymer network. Modifications of hanging mercury drop electrode using MIP made from MAA, EGDMA, and UA with a mole ratio of 1:3:1 produced a sensitive and selective voltammetric sensor for uric acid. The sensitivity obtained was 16.405 nA L/µg. The presence of ascorbic acid in equal concentration with uric acid decreased the current response of only 0.08%. Compared to HMDE electrode, the sensitivity and selectivity of the HMDE-MIP sensor enhanced about 100 and 700 times, respectively. The detection limit was found to be 5.94 x10-10 M.
ADSORPTION OF GIBBERELLIC ACID (GA3) ONTO ACID ACTIVATED KAOLIN
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Yateman Arryanto Yateman , Sutarno Sutarno
Published: January 2019

Preparation, activation and adsorption study of natural kaolin from Tatakan, Tapin, South Kalimantan have been conducted. The activation of kaolin was done using 6 M HCl solutions at 90 °C for 3 h. The characterizations of kaolin were carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray diffraction, and surface area analyzer. Adsorption parameters studied included the effect of pH, contact time, and concentration of gibberellic acid (GA3) onto kaolin samples. The amount of gibberellic acid adsorbed was determined using UV spectrophotometer. The adsorption capacity of kaolin was determined by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The result showed that activation of kaolin was resulted the larger specific surface area and more homogeneous composition of kaolin without any destruction of kaolin structure. Adsorption of gibberellic acid onto kaolin before and after activation showed that optimal adsorption was obtained at pH » 7 and reached the equilibrium within 4 h. The calculations result by Langmuir adsorption isotherm model showed that the increasing of adsorption capacity of acid activated kaolin is about 35%.
THE EFFECT OF ACETIC ACID ON PROPERTIES OF COCONUT SHELL FILLED LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE COMPOSITES
Authors: Faisal Z.H. Tengku , Amri Faisal , Salmah H. , Tahir Iqmal
Published: January 2019

Natural lignocellulosics have an outstanding potential as reinforcement in thermoplastics. Coconut shell is one of natural lignocellulosic material. In this study, coconut shell (CS) was use as filler in low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. The effect of surface treatment of coconut shell (CS) with acetic acid (acetylation) on mechanical properties, thermal properties and morphology were studied. The acetylation treatment has improved the tensile strength, elongation at break and Young's modulus of LDPE/CS composites. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results show that the acetylated composites has better thermal stability compared to untreated composites at 600 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis showed that the esterification treatment increases the crystallinity of LDPE/CS composites. It was found that coconut shell acts as a nucleation agent in the presence of acrylic acid. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of the tensile fracture surface of acetylated composites indicates that the presence of acetic acid increased the interfacial interaction.
DIETARY ADENINE ALLEVIATES FATTY LIVER INDUCED BY OROTIC ACID
Authors: Buang Yohanes
Published: January 2019

The effects of dietary adenine in fatty liver induced by orotic acid (OA) were studied. Rats were paired-fed 1% OA-supplemented diets with/or without 0.25% adenine or a diet without OA for 10 days. Serum lipid profiles were measured using enzyme assay kits. Lipids of liver tissues were extracted and liver lipid contents were determined. A peach of liver was prepared to determine the activities of fatty acid synthase (FAS) and fatty acid β-oxidation. The results showed that liver TG content of OA-fed rats increased markedly in comparison to basal group.  However, the addition of adenine to the diet reversed promotion of liver TG content to basal level. It was also found that FAS activities decreased. Furthermore, these diets reversed the inhibition of fatty acid β-oxidation to basal level and induced the serum lipid levels secretion. Therefore, the alleviation of fatty liver in OA-treated rats given dietary adenine is associated with the inhibition of FAS activities accompanied with the promotion of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation and the promotion of serum lipid secretion from the hepatic tissue into the bloodstream.
THE EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS ADDITION ON THE ACTIVITY OF BISMUTH MOLYBDATE CATALYST FOR PARTIAL OXIDATION OF PROPYLENE TO ACROLEIN
Authors: Fansuri Hamzah , Pham Gia Hung , Wibawanta Sandra , Zhang Dong-ke
Published: January 2019

In order to examine the effect of phosphorus addition on the activity and selectivity of bismuth molybdate catalysts for partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein, three modes of phosphorus addition were performed. The three modes of Preparation were performed by (1) adding phosphorus into a-Bi2Mo3O12 to obtain Bi2PxMo3Oy, (2) inserting phosphorus on bismuth sites to obtain Bi2-xPxMo3Oy, and (3) inserting phosphorus on molybdenum sites to obtain Bi2PxMo3-xOy. Four major phases of bismuth phosphomolybdate were detected as the result of the phosphorus addition, namely a-Bi2Mo3O12, Bi9PMo12O52, MoO3, and BiPO4. Experimental results showed that the catalysts solely containing BiPO4 and/or MoO3 have very low activities for partial oxidation of propylene to acrolein. Meanwhile, catalysts containing a-Bi2Mo3O12 and Bi9PMo12O52, together with either MoO3 or BiPO4 showed on average the same activities as a-Bi2Mo3O12 and one of them (combination of a-Bi2Mo3O12, Bi9PMo12O52 and MoO3) has better performance than a-Bi2Mo3O12 at lower temperatures. The presence of the oxygen donor phase, i.e. BiPO4 and MoO3, are believed to play a key role for the high activities of bismuth-phosphomolybdate catalysts. However, at higher temperatures, the presence of oxygen donor reduces the catalyst selectivity to acrolein.
FIRST-ROW TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES OF OMEPRAZOLE AS ANTI-ULCERATIVE DRUGS
Authors: Malik Suman , Das Supriya , Jain Bharti
Published: January 2019

Omeprazole (OME) is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). PPIs have enabled to improve the treatment of various acid-peptic disorders. OME is a weak base and it can form several complexes with transition and non-transition metal ions. In the present paper, we are describing series of transition metal complexes of omeprazole i.e., 5-methoxy-2[(4methoxy-3, 5dimethyl-2-pyridinyl) methylsulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole with CuII, MnII, CoII, NiII, FeII, ZnII and HgII. These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, NMR, magnetic susceptibility, UV-visible spectral studies, ESR, SEM and X-ray diffraction. Based on the above studies, the ligand behaves as bidentate O, N donor and forms coordinate bonds through C=N and S=O groups. The complexes were found to non-electrolytic in nature on the basis of low values of molar conductivity. Analytical data and stoichiometry analysis suggest ligand to metal ratio of 2:1 for all the complexes. Electronic spectra and magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal octahedral geometry for Mn(II),Co(II), Ni(II),Fe(II) and Cu(II) complexes and tetrahedral for Hg(II) and Zn(II) complexes. Ligands and their metal complexes have been screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against bacteria Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus aureus and fungi Aspergillus niger and A. flavous.
STUDY ON THE STRUCTURAL BASIS OF PERIPHERAL LIGHT HARVESTING COMPLEXES (LH2) IN PURPLE NON-SULPHUR PHOTOSYNTHETIC BACTERIA
Authors: Brotosudarmo Tatas H.P. , Cogdell Richard J.
Published: January 2019

Photosynthesis provides an example of a natural process that has been optimized during evolution to harness solar energy efficiently and safely, and finally to use it to produce a carbon-based fuel. Initially, solar energy is captured by the light harvesting pigment-protein complexes. In purple bacteria these antenna complexes are constructed on a rather simple modular basis. Light absorbed by these antenna complexes is funnelled downhill to reaction centres, where light drives a trans-membrane redox reaction. The light harvesting proteins not only provide the scaffolding that correctly positions the bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoid pigments for optimal energy transfer but also creates an environment that can modulate the wavelength at which different bacteriochlorophyll molecules absorb light thereby creating the energy funnel. How these proteins can modulate the absorption spectra of the bacteriochlorophylls will be discussed in this review.
CATALYTIC PERFORMANCES OF Fe2O3/TS-1 CATALYST IN PHENOL HYDROXYLATION REACTION
Authors: Prasetyoko Didik , Royani Cholifah Endah , Fansuri Hamzah , Ramli Zainab , Nur Hadi
Published: January 2019

Hydroxylation reaction of phenol into diphenol, such as hydroquinone and catechol, has a great role in many industrial applications. Phenol hydroxylation reaction can be carried out using Titanium Silicalite-1 (TS-1) as catalyst and H2O2 as an oxidant. TS-1 catalyst shows high activity and selectivity for phenol hydroxylation reaction. However, its hydrophobic sites lead to slow H2O2 adsorption toward the active site of TS-1. Consequently, the reaction rate of phenol hydroxylation reaction is tends to be low. Addition of metal oxide Fe2O3 enhanced hydrophilicity of TS-1 catalyst. Liquid phase catalytic phenol hydroxylation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant was carried out over iron (III) oxide-modified TS-1 catalyst (Fe2O3/TS-1), that were prepared by impregnation method using iron (III) nitrate as precursor and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption, pyridine adsorption, and hydrophilicity techniques. Catalysts 1Fe2O3/TS-1 showed maximum catalytic activity of hydroquinone product. In this research, the increase of hydroquinone formation rate is due to the higher hydrophilicity of Fe2O3/TS-1 catalysts compare to the parent catalyst, TS-1.   Keywords: Fe2O3/TS-1, hydrophilic site, phenol hydroxylation
CYCLISATION-ACETYLATION KINETIC OF (R)-(+)-CITRONELLAL BY Zn2+–NATURAL ZEOLITE AS SOLID SOLVENT CATALYST
Authors: Cahyono Edy , Muchalal Muchalal , Triyono Triyono , Pranowo Harno Dwi
Published: January 2019

Kinetic in cyclisation-acetylation of (R)-(+)-citronellal with acetic anhydride was investigated over Zn2+-Natural zeolite (Zn2+-Natzeo) as a catalyst. (R)-(+)-citronellal has been isolated from citronella oil by fractional distillation under reducing pressure. Enantioselective capillary GC on a Supelco β-DEX 225 column has been used for analysis the enantiomers ratio of citronellal. Catalyst Zn2+-Natzeo has prepared through acid activation of natural zeolite from Malang using HF 1% and HCl 6 M, followed by ion-exchange with 3 M NH4Cl and calcination at 450 °C for 1 h under nitrogen to obtained H-natural zeolite (H-Natzeo). H-Natzeo was modified to Zn2+-Natzeo by ion exchange with 0.1 M ZnCl2. Cyclisation-acetylation reaction was carried out by heating (R)-(+)-citronellal (CIT), acetic anhydride (AA), and 1 g catalyst in glass batch reactor with vigorous stirring at 80 °C. Molar ratio CIT/AA that used, i.e. 0.25; 0.5; 1.0; 1.2 and 1.5. As the reaction proceeded, 1 mL sample was taken off at 10; 20; 30; 60; 120; 180 min and extracted using n-hexane for every molar ratio. Structure analysis of product was conducted by GC-MS. Kinetic of the cyclisation-acetylation reaction was analyzed according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Increasing molar ratio of CIT/AA will decrease the isopulegyl acetate (IPA) and neo-isopulegyl acetate (NIPA) formation. Rate constant of cyclisation-acetylation reaction catalyzed by Zn2+-Natzeo was 30.964-47.619 mmol(min. g cat)-1 at 80 °C, 30 min and the ratio  adsorption equilibrium constant KCIT/KAA was 7.09.   Keywords: Cyclisation-acetylation, (R)-(+)-citronellal, Zn2+-natural zeolite, kinetic
STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF ALKALOIDS FROM LEAVES OF Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe OF LOMBOK ISLAND
Authors: Hadi Surya , Asnawati Dina , Febrianti Novi
Published: January 2019

The leaves of Voacanga foetida (Bl.) Rolfe, have been used ethnomedically for the treatment of wounds, itches, and swellings particularly in Lombok island. A phytochemical study has been done to investigate chemical compounds responsible against the cause of the diseases. By separating alkaloidal fraction from the leaves was found voacristine 1 as the major alkaloidal compound, and voacangine 2 and coronaridine 3 as the minor components. The structure elucidation of the compounds was carried out on the basis of spectroscopy data. A structure revision of voacristine 1 was also reported.   Keywords: alkaloids, Voacanga foetida, Lombok
CYCLIZATION AND HYDROGENATION OF (+)-CITRONELLAL TO MENTHOLS OVER ZnBr2 AND Ni CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON γ-Al2O3
Authors: Iftitah Elvina Dhiaul , Muchalal M. , Trisunaryanti Wega , Armunanto Ria
Published: January 2019

Two steps transformation of (+)-citronellal, cyclization and hydrogenation, on ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 and Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst have been realized with the selectivity to cyclization products (isopulegols) was very high (yield up to ~92.58%) over ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 under mild condition (90 °C and 1 atm nitrogen atmosphere) with high Brønsted acid concentration, while at the same time very low cyclization rates were achieved over Ni/γ-Al2O3 with low or no Brønsted acidity, respectively. The highest cyclization rates were observed over Ni/ZnBr2/γ-Al2O3 under mild condition (90 °C and 1 atm hydrogen atmosphere). The second step transformation towards cyclization products, hydrogenation to menthols, was performed with Ni/γ-Al2O3 under hydrogen atmosphere. Surprisingly the one-step transformation of (+)-citronellal into menthols was investigated over Ni/γ-Al2O3 with yield ~84% under hydrogen atmosphere (90 °C, 1 atm) by exploiting the presence of acidic and hydrogenation sites on the catalyst surface. On the Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst it was found that the cyclization of (+)-citronellal to isopulegols occurs on the surface of the support. In the presence of the noble metal, the isopulegols are further hydrogenated to the menthols.   Keywords: cyclization, hydrogenation, citronellal, isopulegol, menthol
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CROSSLINKED POLYACRYLAMIDE (PAAM)-CARRAGEENAN HYDROGELS SUPERBASORBENT PREPARED BY GAMMA RADIATION
Authors: Erizal Erizal
Published: January 2019

A series of superabsorbent hydrogels were prepared from acrylamide and carrageenan by gamma irradiation at room temperature. Carrageenan solutions with different concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%) have been blended with 5% of acrylamide and irradiated at doses 20-40 kGy. The properties of the prepared hydrogel were evaluated in terms of the gel fraction and the kinetics swelling was studied. It was found that the incorporation only 2% carrageenan (kappa) with 5% acrylamide can produces an elastic hydrogel when irradiated with gamma rays up to 40 kGy. Under optimum conditions, poly(acrylamide)-carrageenan hydrogels with gel fraction ~ 60% and optimum swelling 250 g/g were prepared gamma radiolyticcally from aqueous solution containing 5% acrylamide and 2% carrageenan at the doses 20-40 kGy. The FT-IR spectra indicated that network of irradiated PAAM-carrageenan hydrogel was in the semi IPN structure. The hydrogels were also found to be sensitive to ionic strength of the medium, pH and temperature.   Keywords: carrageenan, acrylamide, irradiation, superbasorbent, crosslinking
INFLUENCE OF CYANIDE ON REMOVAL OF COPPER ION FROM THE SOLUTION BY PHOTOCATALYTIC REDUCTION METHOD WITH TiO2 SUSPENSION
Authors: Wahyuni Endang Tri , Mudasir Mudasir , Gusman Tania Avia
Published: January 2019

The removal of Cu(II) by photoreduction method using TiO2 photocatalyst in the presence of CN- is reported. Photoreduction was carried by batch technique using UV lamp with 290-350 nm of wavelength. The research results indicate that the present of CN- ion gives different effects on the photoreduction effectiveness depends on the mole ratio of both ions. The addition of CN- less than 2 moles for each mole of Cu (II) ion can improve the photoreduction, and the photoreduction sharply goes down into very low degree when the mole number of CN- is increased up to 4, and by further enlarging the mole number into 6, the photoreduction degree remains constant. Furthermore, increasing solution pH generally leads to a decrease in the photoreduction. In the solution with pH 1, the maximal photoreduction degree is reached, while increasing pH from 1 to 9 has declined the photoreduction, and the photoreduction is totally inhibited at pH higher than 9. The effect of the solution pH is related with the speciation of Cu (II), CN- and TiO2 in the solution.   Keywords: Photoreduction, copper, cyanide, TiO2 photocatalyst
ISOTOPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANIC MATERIALS LEACHED FROM LEAVES IN WATER OF MUNDARING WEIR DAM
Authors: Langsa Markus Heryanto
Published: January 2019

This study examined the organic constituents aquatically leached from leaf components of two tree species (wandoo eucalyptus and pinus radiate). In particular this study aimed to assess the stable isotope composition behaviour of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the residue leaves after leaching over five months. The changes in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions of the leached leaves materials were investigated using an elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-irMS). The stable isotope compositions were found to vary according to microbially-mediated alteration and decomposition. The average  d13C content of the raw plant elements was consistent with the  d13C values of terrestrial plants using a C3 photosynthetic pathway. The isotope compositions of leached materials of wandoo eucalyptus fresh leaf were continually depleted in d13C over the leaching period of three months. These variations correlated well with its DOC profile. Changes in  d13C values may also relate to the differential leaching of the macromolecular precursors of the original material. Lignin, for example, has a typically low  d13C and probably contributed to the decrease of  d13C in residue of the plant materials.   Keywords: isotope composition, leached materials, C3 plant
ADSORPTION KINETICS OF Pb(II), Cd(II) AND Cr(III) ON ADSORBENT PRODUCED BY PROTECTED-CROSSLINKING OF HUMIC ACID-CHITOSAN
Authors: Umaningrum Dewi , Santoso Uripto Trisno , Nurmasari Radna , Yunus Rahmat
Published: January 2019

Study on adsorption kinetics of of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) on adsorbent which was produced by protected-crosslinking of humic acid-chitosan has been done. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood, pseudo first- and second-order kinetics models were used to describe the kinetic data, and the rate constants of adsorption were also evaluated. The experimental data fitted well the second-order kinetics model, indicating that the chemical sorption is the rate-limiting step, instead of mass transfer. The initial metal ion concentration significantly affects the adsorption rate. An increase in initial metal ion concentration results in the decrease in adsorption rate of the metals.   Keywords: kinetics, adsorption, crosslinking, humic acid, chitosan
ADSORPTION OF AN NH3 MOLECULE ON Cr(111) SURFACE BY QCMP 116 PROGRAM
Authors: Banon Charles
Published: January 2019

Interactions of an NH3 molecule on chromium (111) surface consists of 20 atoms with three layers has been studied by QCMP 116 (Calzaferri) program, run on IBM PC compatible (Pentium III, 660 MHz). An oncoming NH3 (with the planar molecular plane parallel or perpendicular to surface), at many positions, was optimized three dimensionally by that program. Observing the binding energy of an NH3 on surface (BE (NH3)) and inter atomic distances at the optimized conditions. It's showed that:  an oncoming NH3 molecule, with molecular plane parallel to the surface, N atom was oriented to atoms of the first and third layer. One of its NH bond was parallel to the Cr-Cr bond were chemisorbed molecularly with BE(NH3) in range of 0.9797-1.3421 eV/molecule. On the second layer was chemisorbed atomically. However, an oncoming NH3 with molecular plane perpendicular to the surface (with N atom and one of its N-H bond perpendicular to Cr atom) was adsorbed physically with BE(NH3) in a range of 0.4903-0.5614 eV/molecule.   Keywords: adsorption, binding energy
PILLARIZATION OF LAYERED TETRATITANATES ANION BY ZIRCONIUM(IV) POLYCATION SPECIES
Authors: Sutrisno Hari , Siswani Endang Dwi
Published: January 2019

Pillaring layered tetratitanates anion by zirkonium(IV) polycation species has been realized by three steps: 1). cation-exchange of potasium tetratitanates, 2). intercalation of n-butylamine compound in layered hydrogen tetratitanates and 3). intercalation of zirconium(IV) polycation species by mixing butylamine-intercalated tetratitanates with an aqueous solution of ZrOCl2.8H2O at pH various: 0.1, 0.9 and 1.8. The procedure was carried out by Chimie Douce method. The structures of titanates and the products which had undergone H+ exchange and intercalated by n-butylamine and zirkonium(IV) polycation spesies were investigated by X-rays Diffractometer (XRD) and X-rays Fluorescence (XRF). It was found in the research that [Zr(H2O)8]4+, [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ or [Zr(OH)2(H2O)6]2+ types have presented in the interlayer of the products. At pH = 0.1 and 0.9, [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ type was pillared more dominated in layered tetratitanates than [Zr(H2O)8]4+ type. At pH 1.8, it was signaled that [Zr(OH)(H2O)7]3+ and [Zr(OH)2(H2O)6]2+ types intercalated in layered tetratitanates.   Keywords: tetratitanates, intercalation, zirconium(IV) species, Chimie Douce
PREVENTION OF PROTEIN ADSORPTION ON BARE FUSED-SILICA CAPILLARY BY PEG IN CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Suratman Adhitasari , Waetzig Hermann
Published: January 2019

The protein separation was studied in capillary zone electrophoresis for preventing protein adsorption on the capillary wall. ß-lactoglobulin (pI: 4.83-5.4, Mr: 18.4 kDa), cytochrome c (pI: 9.59, Mr: 11.7 kDa) and ß-casein (pI: 4.6, Mr: 24 kDa) were used as protein models. Strong adsorption of the proteins occurred onto the capillary at a pH around their pIs. In order to prevent protein adsorption, PEG (Poly(ethylene glycol)) was investigated as an effective substance to stabilize the proteins native state and coat the bare fused-silica capillary surface. The presence of 32 mg/mL PEG in buffer solution in a pH range of 6.0 to 4.0 was successful to suppress protein adsorption during the separation. It can also be confirmed with the reproducibility of apparent EOF mobility with percentile RSD (Relative Standard Deviation) less than 2% in long-term measurement.   Keywords: PEG, protein adsorption, CZE
SYNTHESIS OF SURFACTANS DILAUROYL MALTOSE THROUGH ACETILATION REACTION OF MALTOSE FOLLOWED BY TRANSESTERIFICATION REACTION WITH METHYL LAURATE
Authors: Tarigan Daniel
Published: January 2019

Maltose has been partially acetylated from the reaction of melted maltose and acetic anhydride without solvent and catalyst to produce maltocyl acetate with the yield of 67%. Lauryc acid can be methanolized using H2SO4 as the catalyst to produce methyl laurate with the yield of 92%. The transesterification of methyl laurate and maltocyl acetate in methanol using sodium methoxyde as the catalyst at reflux, yielded a novel compound dilauroyl maltose after isolated by column chromatography, with the yield of 59%. Methyl laurate, maltocyl acetate, and dilauroyl maltose were confirmed by FT-IR and 'H-NMR spectroscopy, and the surface tension of dilauroyl maltose solution  was determined by Du-Nuoy tensiometer to obtain the HLB value of 2.67.   Keywords: Surfactant Transesterification, Maltose
THE APPLICABILITY OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TERMOTOGA MARITIMA 4--GLUCANOTRANSFERASE AS THE TEMPLATE FOR SULOCHRIN AS -GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS
Authors: Dewi Rizna Triana , Anita Yulia , Istyastono Enade Perdana , Darmawan Akhmad , Hanafi Muhamad
Published: January 2019

Interaction of sulochrin to active site of glucosidase enzyme of Termotoga maritime has been studied by employing docking method using Molecular Operating Environment (MOE), in comparison with those are reports of established inhibitor α-glucosidase such as acarbose, miglitol and voglibose, and salicinol, as reference compounds. The crystal structure T. maritima α-glucanotransferase (PDB code: 1LWJ) can be employed to serve as the template in the virtual screening of S. cerevisiae α-glucosidase. The comparison between the binding pocket residues of Thermotoga maritima α-glucanotransferase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase show a high sequence identity and similarity. The result showed that sulochrin could be located in the binding pocket and formed some interactions with the binding residues. The ligands showed proper predicted binding energy (-6.74 - -4.13 kcal/mol) and predicted Ki values (0.011 - 0.939 mM). Sulochrin has a possibility to serve as a lead compound in the development of new α-glucosidase inhibitor.   Keywords: Docking, sulochrin, α-glucosidase Inhibitor, Thermotoga maritime α-glucotransferase, Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase, MOE
THE PORIFERASTA COMPOUND-5,22E,25-TRIEN-3-Oβ FROM Clerodendrum paniculatum LEAF AS INDUCER AGENT OF SYSTEMIC RESISTANCE ON RED CHILLI PLANT Capsicum annuum L FROM CUCUMBER MOSAIC VIRUS (CMV
Authors: Musa Weny , Hersanti Hersanti , Zainuddin Achmad , Tjokronegoro Roekmi-ati
Published: January 2019

The poriferasta-5.22E.25-trien-3β-ol compound of leaves of this plant Clerodendrum paniculatum has activity as an inducer agent of plant systemic resistance of red plant toward Cucumber Mosaic Viruses (CMV), the inhibition activity compound shows 82% inhibition activity at 300 ppm. The structure of these compound were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data including UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 2D-NMR   Keywords: Poriferasta-5.22E.25-trien-3β-ol, Clerodendrum paniculatum, induction of systemic resistance, CMV
FTIR AND NMR STUDIES OF ADSORBED TRITON X-114 IN MCM-41 MATERIALS
Authors: Taba Paulina
Published: January 2019

One source of water pollutions is caused by the high use of surface-active agents (surfactants) by industries and households. As a consequence, it is required to remove such substances from the environment One of the important and widely used methods for removal of substances from solution is adsorption. In this research, MCM-41 and its modification MCM41-TMCS were used to adsorb nonionic surfactant, Triton X-114. FTIR and NMR methods were used to study the interaction between the surfactants and the adsorbents. MCM-41 was synthesized hydrothermally at 100 oC and its modification was conducted by silylation of MCM-41 with trimethylchloro silane (MCM41-TMCS). Both unmodified and modified MCM-41 can adsorb the surfactant. The amount adsorbed in the unmodified material is higher than that in the modified one. The interaction of Triton X-114 with MCM-41 was hydrogen bonding between the silanol groups in MCM-41 and hydroxyl groups of Triton X-114. For modified samples, Triton X-114 interacted with alkylsilyl groups mostly through hydrophobic interaction. It is more likely that the interaction was through C12, C13, C26 and C27 of Triton X-114.    Keywords: FTIR, NMR, adsorbed Triton X-114, MCM-41 materials
DISTRIBUTION OF URANIUM IN WATER OF GRESIK COASTAL WATERS
Authors: Mellawati June
Published: January 2019

Determination of uranium in water sample at Gresik coastal waters around Gresik industrial area have been carrid out. The purpose of research is to find the distribution of uranium at the coastal where the phosphate industry standing and potencially to contribute uranium pollutant to the waters. The measurement of uranium was pasive of Gamma Spectrometry, and uranium was measured as 234Th (uranium daughters) on 92.80 and 1001.03 keV gamma energies. Sea water sample was taken up by water pump sampler as a vertical mixing. The sample was sampling on the highest tide and lowest ebb, at the east season (March-August) west season (September-February). The concentration of 238U on higher tide of the west season are range between 0.0016-0.0128 Bq/l, while on lowest ebb of the east season are 0,0013-0,0877 Bq/l. There was significantly different (α= 5%) of uranium concentration in water between two seasons (east and west) in tide and ebb respectively. According to Quality Standard from Dirjen BATAN No.293/Dj/VII/1995 (radioactivity on environment), the concentration of 238U in water obtained from coastal around phosphate industry are still lower than that of recomended values (10.000 Bq/l).   Keywords: uranium, sea water, coastal of Gresik