bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Comorbidities of COVID-19 Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Medical College in Calicut District, Kerala
Authors: Dabas Pratibha , Harsha P. V. , Henry Sneha , Binub Kanniyan
Published: March 2024

Background:

Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a pivotal step in stopping the global pandemic. Knowledge regarding the relationship of vaccination status among comorbid COVID-19 patients would definitely provide more information.

Objectives:

The objective was to study the proportion of vaccination status among COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary medical college at Calicut district and to study the association of vaccination status with independent risk factors among COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary medical college at Calicut district, Kerala.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was done among COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary medical college. The sample size calculated was 202 and the sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.

Results:

In this study, the proportion of vaccination status among admitted COVID-19 patients was 65.8%. Sociodemographic variables comprising age, gender, religion, education, occupation, and per capita income were tested for association with the dependent variable. To socioeconomic classification, the upper middle-class group was associated with high vaccination status compared to other groups and the results were statistically significant. The relationship between vaccination status and comorbidities was tested and it found those patients who had no prior exposure to COVID-19 on anticoagulant therapy compared to the prior exposure group to anticoagulant therapy were associated with high vaccination status and the results were statistically significant.

Conclusion and Recommendation:

The present study shows that only 65% had taken COVID-19 vaccines previously. There should be further studies to know the reasons for barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination program.
Platelet-rich Fibrin – A Narrative Review
Authors: Shanmugam Shankar , Iyer Shankar , Althaf Syed Khalid , Ariff Mohmmad Akmal , Yasin M. Mohamed , Murali Kruthika , Areekat Mohammed , Mehthaf Ayisha
Published: March 2024

Platelets play a crucial role in the hemostasis and wound healing process. Platelets synthesize growth factors that activate cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and mesenchymal cells which are trapped within the fibrin matrix and promote wound healing. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains a human blood protein and it is composed of a tetra molecular structure with cytokines, platelets, and stem cells which act as biodegradable scaffold tissue regenerating cells. PRF is a healing biomaterial with no inflammatory reactions which can be used alone or in combination with bone grafts. This platelet gel has advantages such as promoting wound healing, bone growth and maturation, and hemostasis, and it can also be used as a membrane. PRF membrane can be used in oral, maxillofacial, ear, nose, throat, and plastic surgery. In dentistry, the biggest advantage of PRF as a membrane is that it is both autologous in nature and can be prepared chairside.
Case Report on Allergic Contact Stomatitis: A Public Health Dentist’s Point of View
Authors: Sundararajan Shanmathi , Shavi Girish R. , Shanmugam Shankar , Gunasekaran Lalithambigai , Sennan Senthilkumar , Manoharan Prarthana
Published: March 2024

Oral mucosa is the mucus membrane that lines the oral cavity. The oral cavity is constantly being exposed to many stimuli which can irritate the oral mucosa leading to a variety of hyperplastic reactions. Allergic contact stomatitis is a common condition that occurs nowadays due to different food items with more flavoring agents added for taste. All these can have an effect on the oral mucosa which people do not notice until it becomes severe. Clinical examination with proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent the condition and recurrence. A student aged 27-year-old presented with allergic contact stomatitis where erythematous lesions were found in nonkeratinized mucosa. History revealed that there were no previous episodes of the similar lesion and it was treated using antihistamines and mouthwash.
Psychometric analysis of Marathi version of an updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N43)
Authors: Waghmare Chaitali M. , Pawar Hemant J. , Bhalwar Rajvir , Thakur Pradeep Kumar
Published: March 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis of the Marathi version of an updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N43) in patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Material and Methods:

After an institutional ethics committee approval and linguistic validation, the Marathi version of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 was served to consecutive eligible, Marathi-speaking HNSCC patients of oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx, registered from August 2019 to March 2021 and who consented to the study. Performance status scale was used for perceptive assessment of organ function. Psychometric analysis was performed using SYSTAT v. 12 (Cranes software, Bengaluru).

Results:

A total of 129 patients participated in the study with a median age of 67 years and the man-to-woman ratio of 100:29. The commonest sub-site reported was the oral cavity (61.24%) and the majority were in stage IV disease (69.76%). Ninety patients completed the questionnaire before being started on active oncology treatment at our center. 39 patients completed the questionnaire at pre-treatment and first follow-up. The questionnaire was filled on their own (module) by 32.55% of patients while 67.44% of patients required some kind of assistance (schedule). Internal consistency was moderate to high. The criterion and construct validities were acceptable. The questionnaire was sensitive to change with stage and time. No significant difference was observed in module versus schedule subgroup except for 2 out of 19 item-scales.

Conclusion:

Marathi translation of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 is a sensitive, reliable and valid tool when applied to patients of HNSCC. It can be considered as a schedule.
Effectiveness of Oral Semaglutide in Weight Loss and Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Population: A Real-world Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kesavadev Jothydev , Ashik Asha , Yasmin Shahana , Raj K Sourav , Krishnan Gopika , Basanth Anjana , Shankar Arun
Published: March 2024

Background:

Oral semaglutide is a drug belonging to the class of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists which is known for its ability to maintain glycemic levels while reducing weight and lowering the risk of cardiovascular events. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of oral semaglutide by using real-world data from South Asia (India).

Materials and Methods:

The study is a real-world longitudinal study, and the data for the study were extracted from electronic medical records of a comprehensive diabetes center in Kerala. The primary outcome variables were measured at the baseline and at 6 months. The subjects who had data from March 2022 to July 2023 were included in the study while those with no follow-up data were excluded. The sample size was calculated as 52 using the sample size formula for the comparison of two dependent groups with a quantitative outcome. All the analyses were carried out at a level of significance of 5% using R version 4.3.1.

Results:

The clinical characteristics such as weight, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase were found to have a significant difference between the baseline and endpoint (P < 0.05). The mean absolute difference between the baseline and endpoint hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was found to be 0.65% (P < 0.001), and for body mass index (BMI), it was found to be 1.69 kg/m2 (P < 0.001). The baseline HbA1c and BMI were found to be significantly associated with the change in HbA1c and BMI, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

This study is one of the first real-world studies conducted in South Asia (India) that explores the effectiveness of oral semaglutide. The study showed that the usage of oral semaglutide induced a significant reduction of weight and HbA1c among people with type 2 diabetes. Addressing the limitations can bring new insights into the diabetes management paradigm.
Prevalence of Adverse Events of Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccines among People with Diabetes
Authors: Shankar Arun , Kesavadev Jothydev , David Ashwin , Ashik Asha , Unes Yaseen , Naina Junaid , Krishnan Gopika , Chandran Vysakh , Jothydev Sunitha
Published: March 2024

Background:

People with diabetes have an increased risk of contracting influenza and pneumonia compared to healthy individuals. In addition, people with diabetes often have comorbidities that increase this risk. Vaccinations are an effective prophylaxis against these infections. The overall vaccination status is still low due to the fear of adverse events. Hence, it is important to analyze the risk of adverse vaccination events. The study aims to find the adverse events and tolerance of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among people with diabetes who visited a tertiary diabetes care center.

Methods:

The study is a retrospective analysis of 5423 people with diabetes who received routine influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Postvaccination adverse events were collected from Diabetes Tele Management System®. Analysis was carried out using R program version 4.3.2 at a level of significance of 5%.

Results:

Among 5423 study participants, 2459 (45.34%) received the pneumococcal vaccine, while 2964 (54.65%) received the influenza vaccine. The majority of vaccine recipients, 3591 (66.21%), were male. Among the 2459 people who received the pneumococcal vaccine, 3.17% reported adverse events. Among the influenza group, 8.22% of people reported adverse events. Common adverse events experienced by the pneumococcal group included body pain, fever, tiredness, and pain at the injection site. The influenza group experienced cough, throat pain, sneezing, and asthma. These adverse events were treatable and self-limiting.

Conclusion:

The pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations were well tolerated by people with diabetes. A very small population reported adverse events, which were self-limiting, and treatable, resulting in a rapid recovery. Vaccinations are, therefore, highly recommended among people with diabetes and must be a part of their routine diabetes care. Vaccination is important to prevent infections and their complications.
Management of a Case of Bilateral Severe External Auditory Canal Stenosis, Bilateral Cholesteatoma Causing Right-sided Inner Ear Erosion, and Bilateral Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Mathews Sunil , Khan Shazia , Gautam Shruti , Rai Namrata
Published: March 2024

Bilateral simultaneous external auditory canal (EAC) stenosis with bilateral cholesteatoma is a rare presentation. We present a case report of surgical and audiological management of an elderly male who presented with bilateral EAC stenosis, bilateral cholesteatoma, right-sided inner ear erosion, and bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Disease That Bites Joints but Can Also Lick Hearing
Authors: Singh Girraj , Pandit Ankush , Swami Gautam , Patel Nikheel
Published: March 2024

Background:

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, is a chronic polyarthritic condition. Hearing loss (HL) among RA patients is a common finding (prevalence of 60%–62%) with conductive HL (CHL) being more common than sensorineural HL (SNHL).

Objectives:

The present study was conducted in this context as an attempt (i) to find the prevalence of HL among RA patients, (ii) to assess the type of HL in RA patients, and (iii) to find any correlation between duration of illness, gender, and age of patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a case–control study which included 25 RA patients and 25 normal controls. All subjects underwent complete clinical examination and audiological evaluation which included pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and acoustic reflex.

Results:

Out of 25 cases, 66% had HL (CHL - 50% and SNHL - 16%) while 34% had normal hearing. On tympanometry, 9 out of 25 cases showed as type of curve while the remaining 16 had A type on the right side. On the left side, 7 out of 25 cases showed as type of curve and 18 had A type. Acoustic reflex was absent in 15, delayed in 3, and present in 7 on the right side. On the left, it was absent in 12, delayed in 4, and present in 8. All the controls had normal hearing threshold (<25 dB), A-type tympanogram, and acoustic reflex present in both ears.

Conclusion:

This study indicates that a large number of RA patients are destined to have ear involvement. Hence, auditory screening using PTA should be done routinely in RA patients and early diagnosis of these patients can help in better rehabilitation.
Audiologists’ Perception of Hearing and Balance Health-care Resources and Services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elbeltagy Reem , Almutairi Dima , Alotaibi Abeer , Almutairi Sarah , Alburaidi Rahaf , Alosaimi Sara , Alshehri Joud
Published: March 2024

Background:

Hearing loss and balance disorders are the most commonly diagnosed health conditions. The prevalence of these conditions is on the rise as the population ages and diagnostic and treatment technologies become more advanced. The health-care system still struggles to meet many nations’ needs due to insufficient resources and services. The objective of the study was to evaluate audiologists’ perceptions of hearing and balance health-care resources and services in Saudi Arabia’s public health system.

Materials and Methods:

A questionnaire survey was conducted through E-mail, social media, mobile phone, and face-to-face with audiologists across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with the final sample consisting of 66 audiologists.

Results:

The majority (92.4%) of audiologists in Saudi Arabia indicated that the services are inadequate because their hospitals lack adequate hearing health-care resources to provide efficient audiology services to patients. Video head impulse test and automated auditory brain stem response were perceived as unavailable in most hospitals. In addition, audiologists reported that vestibular rehabilitation services, cochlear implants, and the number of clinics were limited.

Conclusion:

Great efforts should be made to develop audiovestibular services, which include enhancing practitioners’ vestibular knowledge by implementing more vestibular workshops; more vestibular clinics are needed to overcome the shortage of vestibular services; creating public awareness campaigns about vestibular and audiology; and hiring additional audiologists where needed within Saudi Arabia.
Effect of Short-term Yoga Training on Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Healthy Adults
Authors: Apeksha Kumari , Shetty Hemanth Narayan , Bhargav Hemanth , Jasti Lakshmi Nishitha , Basavaraj Bharathi Murundi , Aparna T. H. , Revanna Nirmala
Published: March 2024

Purpose:

The present study aimed to assess the effect of practicing yoga on the functioning of sacculo-collic and utriculo-ocular pathways using cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP and oVEMP).

Methods:

A total of 10 healthy young adults aged 20–25 years participated in the study. Audiological evaluation including pure-tone audiometry, immittance, and otoacoustic emission, cVEMP, and oVEMP was done to ensure a normal functioning audio-vestibular system. Short-term yoga training was provided for all the participants for 10 days, spanning over 2 weeks. It was 1 h/session/day. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of cVEMP and oVEMP responses were noted and analyzed before and after yoga training.

Results:

Paired samplet-test results showed significantly better peak-to-peak amplitude of both cVEMP and oVEMP after short-term yoga training in healthy individuals. The latency of both cVEMP and oVEMP peaks did not show a significant difference before and after yoga training.

Conclusion:

Short-term yoga training positively affected the functioning of sacculo-collic and utriculo-ocular pathways, leading to enhanced cVEMP and oVEMP responses.
Benign Phyllodes Tumor of Axillary Tail USG and Elastography Evaluation with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Reddy Gopidi Sai Nidhi , Phatak Suresh Vasant , Ganta Prashanthi , Vadlamudi Nagendra
Published: March 2024

The axillary tail, also known as spencer’s tail or axillary process, is a continuation of tissue from the upper lateral quadrant of the breast that travels into the axilla through a foramen of Langer in the deep fascia. Axillary inflammation or lump is a typical clinical symptom that necessitates imaging evaluation. Since the axilla consists of lymph nodes as well as nonlymphatic tissue such as accessory breast tissue, skin, fat, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, it has a wide variety of differential diagnoses. The radiologists should be well acquainted with axillary anatomy and imaging aspects of various axillary lesions. Here, we present a 35-year-old female with a right axillary lump which was suggestive of benign tumor on ultrasonography and was proven to be benign phyllodes tumor on histopathology.
Utilizing Fundamental Analysis to Predict Stock Prices
Authors: Khanpuri Akshay , Darapaneni Narayana , Paduri Anwesh Reddy
Published: March 2024

Portfolio management involves the critical task of determining the optimal times to enter or exit a stock in order to maximize profits in the stock market. Unfortunately, many retail investors struggle with this task due to unclear investment objectives and a lack of a structured decision-making process. With the vast number of stocks available in the market, it can be difficult for investors to determine which stocks to invest in. As a result, there is a growing need for the development of effective investment decision support systems to assist investors in making informed decisions. Researchers have explored various approaches to building such systems, including predicting stock prices using sentiment analysis of news, articles, and social media, as well as historical trends and patterns. However, the impact of financial reports filed by companies on stock prices has not been extensively studied. This paper aims to address this gap by using machine learning techniques to develop a more accurate stock prediction model based on financial reports from companies in the Nifty 50. The financial reports considered include quarterly reports, annual reports, cash flow statements, and ratios.
Machine Learning Based Assessment and Predictive Analysis of In-Vitro Fertilization Success Rate
Authors: Mehta Vaishali , Mangla Monika , Sharma Nonita , Rakhra Manik , Choudhury Tanupriya , Rama Krishna Garigipati
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: The transformation in the lifestyle and other societal and economic factors during modern times have led to rise in the cases of infertility among young generation. Apart from these factors infertility may also be attributed to different medical conditions among both men and women. This rise in the cases of infertility is a matter of huge concern to the mankind and should be seriously pondered upon. However, the unprecedented advancements in the field of healthcare have led to In Vitro fertilization as a rescue to this devastating condition. Although the In Vitro fertilization has the potential to unfurl the happiness, it has associated challenges also in terms of physical and emotional health. Also, the success rate of In Vitro fertilization may vary from person to person.
OBJECTIVES: To predict the success rate of In Vitro fertilization.
METHODS: Machine Learning Models.
RESULTS: It has been observed that Adaboost outperforms all other machine learning models by yielding an accuracy of 97.5%.
CONCLUSION: During the result analysis, it is concluded that if age > 36, there is a negative propensity for clinical pregnancy and if age >40, the probability of a clinical pregnancy dramatically declines. Further, the propensity of clinical pregnancy is positively correlated to the count of embryos transferred in the same IVF cycle.
Modelling of Diabetic Cases for Effective Prevalence Classification
Authors: Shah Shrey , Mangla Monika , Sharma Nonita , Choudhury Tanupriya , Syamala Maganti
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: This study compares and contrasts various machine learning algorithms for predicting diabetes. The study of current research work is to analyse the effectiveness of various machine learning algorithms for diabetes prediction.
OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of various machine learning algorithms for diabetic prediction.
METHODS: For the same, a diabetic dataset was subjected to the application of various well-known machine learning algorithms. Unbalanced data was handled by pre-processing the dataset. The models were subsequently trained and assessed using different performance metrics namely F1-score, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.
RESULTS: The experimental results show that the Decision Tree and ensemble model outperforms all other comparative models in terms of accuracy and other evaluation metrics.
CONCLUSION: This study can help healthcare practitioners and researchers to choose the best machine learning model for diabetes prediction based on their specific needs and available data.
Heart Disease Prediction Using GridSearchCV and Random Forest
Authors: Rasheed Shagufta , Kiran Kumar G , Rani D Malathi , Prasad Kantipudi M V V , M Anila
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION: This study explores machine learning algorithms (SVM, Adaboost, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest) for heart disease prediction, utilizing comprehensive cardiovascular and clinical data. Our research enables early detection, aiding timely interventions and preventive measures. Hyperparameter tuning via GridSearchCV enhances model accuracy, reducing heart disease's burdens. Methodology includes preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, and cross-validation. Results favor Random Forest for heart disease prediction, promising clinical applications. This work advances predictive healthcare analytics, highlighting machine learning's pivotal role. Our findings have implications for healthcare and policy, advocating efficient predictive models for early heart disease management. Advanced analytics can save lives, cut costs, and elevate care quality.
OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the models to enable early detection, timely interventions, and preventive measures.
METHODS: Utilize GridSearchCV for hyperparameter tuning to enhance model accuracy. Employ preprocessing, feature engineering, model training, and cross-validation methodologies. Evaluate the performance of SVM, Adaboost, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Random Forest algorithms.
RESULTS: The study reveals Random Forest as the favored algorithm for heart disease prediction, showing promise for clinical applications. Advanced analytics and hyperparameter tuning contribute to improved model accuracy, reducing the burden of heart disease.
CONCLUSION: The research underscores machine learning's pivotal role in predictive healthcare analytics, advocating efficient models for early heart disease management.
The “Grévy Constitution” and the “de Gaulle Constitution”: Two Directions for the Relocation of Presidential Power in the Constitutional History of France
Authors: Jakubiak Łukasz
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with two different political interpretations of presidential power under the Third and Fifth French Republics, which clearly changed the position of the head of state in relation to the letter of constitutional acts that were in force at the time. Both of these interpretations were imposed by the presidents in office in the first years after the proper structures of the system of government had been established. The former (commonly known as the “Grévy Constitution”) led to the weakening of presidential power, and the latter (described as the “de Gaulle Constitution”) to its strengthening. Particular attention is thus paid to the formation of such particular unwritten norms of constitutional law in rationalized and non-rationalized parliamentary systems. In both cases, their basic feature turned out to be the ability to significantly modify the parliamentary system of government. In the last part of the paper, the stability and durability of the above-mentioned political interpretations of the aforementioned Constitutions are discussed. It is indicated that, in both cases, there were attempts to challenge these non-codified standards. Although the causes of such actions were different from each other, neither brought any meaningful success.
Analysis of the Contribution to the Domestic Timber Industry according to the Shortening of Final Age
Authors: Kwon Soon Gil , Hwang Yong Woo , Kim Junbeum , Lee Jong Hyo
Published: March 2024

Objectives : The domestic forest area is about 6,298 thousand ha as of 2020, accounting for 62.7% of the national land area of 10,041 thousand ha, but the domestic wood and wood product market is seriously dependent on imported products. As of 2020, the domestic wood utilization rate is 15.9%. This has been secured from around 5% by 1990 to about 16% by the last 10 years from '11 to '20, but has been maintained without increase until '21. As domestic demand for wood is 83% dependent on imports, uncertainties in the wood market in the international market are expected to increase in the future due to climate change, resource reporting, and international trade relations.Methods : In this study, the production and collection production of domestic wood by use were calculated by reducing the actual distribution nationwide and the number of trees being planted later by 5 to 10 years, respectively. Based on 2,310 thousand ha, the research target site was divided into 26.20% and 73.80% of national forests and private forests, respectively, and the corresponding cutting age was applied by matching them by tree type.Results and Discussion : The area subject to the logging order for timber production forests was calculated as a ratio of the actual logging area, and the result was calculated as a ratio of the actual logging amount. Afterwards, the final wood volume was calculated based on the results of the actual logging volume performance and the ratio of domestic wood production and collection performance. The calculated final volume of wood is produced for lumber, plywood, boards, chips/pulp, and other uses. As a result, when the harvesting age was shortened to 5 and 10 years as of 2020, timber increased at a rate of approximately 12.70% and 25.36% compared to the previous year. It was confirmed that this could increase the domestic wood utilization rate from about 16% to up to 20%.Conclusion In this study, the contribution of the domestic timber industry to the shortening of the harvesting period for timber production forests. It is believed that the results can be used as useful indicators for establishing policies for shortening the cutting period and managing persistent forests in the future.
Extraction of association rules based on the classical measure of intensity of involvement: application to mathematics didactics
Authors: Andrianarivony Fidy Heritiana , Cortella Anne , Salone Jean-Jacques , Durand-Guerrier Viviane , Raherinirina Angelo
Published: March 2024

soumission à Episciences

This article proposes a method for extracting knowledge in association rules using the classical measure of implication intensity. We then applied our method to data from mathematics didactics studies. The aim of the didactic study was to identify the relationships between students' difficulties and skills when demonstrating a mathematical proposition formulated in French. The results of our study show that our methodology is effective in extracting interesting rules. In addition, the results of our didactic analysis showed the dependency between understanding a mathematical statement in French, competence in translating it formally and proving it.

Cet article propose une méthode pour extraire des connaissances en règles d’association en utilisant la mesure classique de l’intensité d’implication. Nous avons ensuite appliqué notre méthode dans des données issues de travaux en didactique des mathématiques. L’objectif de l’étude en didactique est de connaitre les relations entre les difficultés et les compétences des élèves lorsque ceux-ci démontrent une proposition mathématique formulée en langue française. Le résultat de notre étude nous a démontré que notre méthodologie est efficace pour extraire les règles intéressantes. De plus les résultats d’analyse didactique ont montré la dépendance entre compréhension d’un énoncé mathématique en français, compétence à le traduire formellement et à le prouver.
Local Political Power in The Legislation Process
Authors: Pawane Ahmad Rizali , Wijaya Mohammad Safrul , Ilham Ilham
Published: March 2024

The democratic system adopted by Indonesia gives a central role to political parties as the main instrument in realizing a democratic state life. This research aims to reveal the political forces that often occur in the legislative process of making regulations in Indonesia. Using a qualitative-descriptive interpretive method and a phenomenological approach, this research explores the political forces involved in legislative making by the executive and legislature. The results show that in regulation-making, there is a power gap between the executive and the legislature. The political power of the executive tends to be dominant because they are the highest power holder. It cannot be denied that there are interests of actors in it who seek to maintain and expand their power. The formation of legal products involves the influence of political power through political processes in state institutions that have authority and power. In addition, this research reveals the political dynamics that occur in the legislative process, where the interaction between the executive and the legislature is a crucial factor. This political process includes negotiations, compromises, and competing interests between the various parties involved. Thus, regulation-making is not only the result of technical considerations and community needs, but also influenced by the dynamics of political power at the local level.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN KELUARGA DI DESA SUMBERKEDAWUNG KECAMATAN LECES KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Ahsandy Ramadhan Suardi  , Fida Imanuddin Abil
Published: March 2024

Marriage at an early age has become a serious social concern in various societies. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of early marriage on the dynamics of family life in that village. The research methodology involves surveys and structured interviews with several couples who got married at a young age. The research findings indicate that early marriage has complex effects on family life. While it can contribute to the formation of a strong family, early marriage also brings negative impacts such as family economic limitations, emotional immaturity of the partners, and higher health risks for both the mother and child. Factors such as education, employment, and social support play a key role in mitigating the negative impacts of early marriage. This study also proposes policy recommendations and intervention programs to enhance community understanding of the risks associated with early marriage and improve the quality of family life.

Keyword : Early Marriage; Impacts of Early Marriage; Dynamics of Family Life
Uniform Ultimate Boundedness Results for some System of Third Order Nonlinear Delay Differential Equations
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Agriculture, Nigeria, OMEIKE M. O.
Published: March 2024

Lyapunov functional, third-order delay diﬀerential system, Boundedness.
Approximation by Modified Szasz Operators with a new Modification of Brenke Type Polynomials
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, KUMAR AJAY
Published: March 2024

In the present article we study the approximation properties of modified Szász operators with a new modification of Brenke type polynomials. First, we estimate the rate of convergence, for the newly defined operators, by means of modulus of smoothness, Peetre’s K-functional and Lipschitz type functions. Furthermore, we also prove a Voronovskaja type asymptotic theorem.
Acentralizers of some Finite Groups
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran, MOZAFAR ZAHRA , TAERI BIJAN ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology, Iran
Published: March 2024

Let G be a ﬁnite group. The acentralizer of an automorphism α of G, is the subgroup of ﬁxed points of α, i.e., CG(α) = {g ∈ G∣α(g) = g}. In this paper we determine the acentralizers of the dihedral group of order 2n, the dicyclic group of order 4n and the symmetric group on n letters. As a result we see that if n ≥ 3, then the number of acentralizers of the dihedral group and the dicyclic group of order 4n are equal. Also we determine the acentralizers of groups of orders pq and pqr, where p, q and r are distinct primes.
PROBIOTICS FOR THE PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Chkhaidze Natia , Kherkheulidze Maia , Chkhaidze Ivane
Published: March 2024

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with a high rate of all-cause mortality and a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Ventilator associated pneumonia  accounts for about half of all antibiotics given in the intensive care unit. Plenty of studies have assessed various kinds of prevention strategies, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia over the years. An emerging number of studies has assessed the non-antibiotic approaches for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the last few years. One of the frequently used strategy is addition of probiotics in the preventive measures list.  Regular consumption of probiotics can modulate immune responses and metabolic processes as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The strongest evidence in favor of probiotics lies in the prevention or treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis, acute infectious diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and infant colic. The beneficial effects of probiotics in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia were not yet entirely clarified. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the bacteria that populate the gut efficiently modulate the immune response. Treatment with probiotics have shown promising preliminary results to attenuate systemic inflammation, especially in postoperative infections and ventilation performance. This review aims to summarize latest data on the use probiotics to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care unit.
E CIGARETTES AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Veković Vesna , Živković Zorica
Published: March 2024

Adolescent lung disease associated with vaping EVALI has attracted considerable attention in recent years, since 2019, when it emerged as a serious health problem that primarily affects young individuals who use e-cigarettes or vaping products.

While the exact cause and mechanism of action is still under investigation, the fact is that it is associated with the use of vaping products and the use of e-cigarettes that contain nicotine and other substances. Use can lead to severe lung damage, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, a life-threatening condition. EVALI has initiated numerous public health actions at local, national and international levels. Health organizations issue warnings about the potential risks of vaping, especially for young people, and recommend avoiding vaping products. In response to the EVALI epidemic, it is necessary to introduce regulatory measures regarding the safety and regulation of vaping products. These measures include stricter regulations on the sale and marketing of e-cigarettes and vaping liquids, as well as efforts to raise awareness of the potential risks associated with vaping.

Education and awareness campaigns have been launched to inform the public, especially adolescents and young adults, about the potential health risks of vaping. It is important for adolescents, parents, teachers and healthcare professionals to be informed about the risks associated with vaping and to promote healthy behaviors and strategies.
RETKA KOMPLIKACIJA ASPIRACIJE STRANOG TELA KOD DECE
Authors: Manić Dijana , Dejan Milojević  , Vladana Nikolić  , Maja Slavković Jovanović  , Živanović Snežana
Published: March 2024

Uvod: Prisustvo stranog tela u disajnim putevima je životno ugrožavajuće stanje koje se javlja sa incidencom od 64% kod dece izmedju 1. i 3. godine života.
Prikaz slučaja: Dečak uzrasta 2 godine, hospitalizovan je zbog kašlja, naglo nastalog otoka vrata, otežanog disanja i uznemirenosti. Mesec dana pre aktuelne hospitalizacije, dete je lečeno zbog akutne respiratorne infekcije gornjih disajnih puteva. Dete tokom pregleda agitirano, kašlje uporno, nadražajno, povremeno promuklo. Evidentan otok na vratu i gornjim partijama grudnog koša, levo više izražen uz palpatorno prisutne fine krepitacije. Na prijemu auskultacijski nalaz nad plućima u vidu diskretne asimetrije u disajnom zvuku, desno slabije čujno disanje uz monofoni visokotonski vizing bazalno. Na radiografiji grudnog koša uočena hiperinflacija desno uz parakardijalnu konsolidaciju desno i subkutani emfizem na vratu i grudnom košu. Laboratorijske analize u referentnim granicama. Zbog sumnje na aspiraciju stranog tela načinjena je bronhoskopija, uočeno je strano telo na ušću bronha za srednji i donji režanj desno i izvršena ekstrakcija istog. Nakon  uspešnog uklanjanja aspiriranog sadržaja, dete je klinički stabilno otpušteno iz jedinice intenzivne nege.
Zaključak: Klinički nalaz aspiracije stranog tela zavisi od nivoa na kojoj se opstrukcija disajnog puta dogodila. Najveći broj pacijenata ispoljava paroksizmalni kašalj, dok respirtorni distres i cijanoza ukazuju na opstrukciju većeg disajnog puta kada je neophodna hitna intervencija. Ponekada prolongiran nalaz na plućima uz kliničke simptome ukazuje na previd aspiracije stranog tela kada se mogu očekivati komplikacije.
University’s Official Instagram as a News Sources for The Media
Authors: Utami Nadia Wasta , Prastya Narayana Mahendra
Published: March 2024

Media relations play a crucial role in the public relations activities of universities, as they provide opportunities for increased media exposure. In today's journalism landscape, social media has become a prominent source of news for journalists. This includes official university accounts, which serve as valuable sources of information for journalists. Consequently, university public relations must understand the perspective of journalists when selecting and disseminating information through social media platforms. This article aims to explore how journalists utilize information from university social media accounts, specifically Instagram, as news sources. The concept of information subsidies is used to analyze the public relations activities involved in providing journalists with access to information and ensuring its quality. The research adopts a qualitative approach, utilizing interviews with journalists from the education sections of kompas.com and detik.com. The findings of this research highlight despite the prevalence of visual content, limited text, and informal language often used by university Instagram users, journalists still find value in quoting from Instagram. This suggests that the information available on social media platforms is sufficient to fulfill journalists' informational needs. Journalists also rely on university Instagram accounts as a source of news. The significance of higher education institutions acknowledging social media as a platform for distributing information to journalists. The prevalent topics covered in news articles include advice, contemporary matters, and education sector-related information. The majority of cited news items are derived from expert opinions or contributions from university lecturers. It is crucial to establish efficient strategies for social media management in order to accentuate various themes or content that showcase the expertise of university staff.
CAUSALITY ANALYSIS OF MONEY AND INFLATION IN THE PHILIPPINE ECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM THE PERIOD 1960 TO 2020
Authors: Sabado Jesson Rey F. , Rebote Mar Vincent M. , Calipuzan Jomarie A. , Perocho Ryan B.
Published: March 2024

This work aimed to investigate the causal relationship between money and inflation (proxy by CPI) in the Philippines using Vector Autoregressive (VAR) Analysis and the Granger Causality Test. The results showed that both series are stationary in levels; hence, VAR in levels was utilized. The results of VAR(2) show a link between the two variables. The current inflation rate in the Philippines is affected by a one-year lag in money supply. The Granger causality test revealed the unidirectional connection between inflation and money. Furthermore, past levels of price stability can be used to forecast monetary stability in the Philippines. Technically, CPI Granger causes M2.

 

JEL: E31, E52, C32, C53, C58

 

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PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE AND MATERNAL MORTALITY IN NIGERIA
Authors: Chioma Chidinma George-Anokwuru
Published: March 2024

This study examined the effect of public health expenditure on maternal mortality in Nigeria from 2002 to 2021. To achieve this objective, the study utilized data on maternal death, total government expenditure on health, and migration of doctors and nurses trained in Nigeria - doctors and nurses trained in Nigeria but working in other countries from OECD Health Statistics, 2021, WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, the United Nations Population Division, and Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The study employed an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing technique for data analyses. The result revealed that in the long run, total government expenditure on health has a negative and significant relationship with maternal mortality in Nigeria. Meanwhile, the migration of doctors and nurses trained in Nigeria - doctors and nurses trained in Nigeria but working in other countries have a positive and significant relationship with maternal mortality in Nigeria. In the short run, total government expenditure on health has a positive and significant relationship with maternal mortality in Nigeria. At the same time, the migration of doctors and nurses trained in Nigeria - doctors and nurses trained in Nigeria but working in other countries has a negative and significant relationship with maternal mortality in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended here that the government should step up investment in all components of health infrastructure to cope with the explosive population growth requiring medical services in Nigeria. Put differently, a crucial effort should be made by the government to channel more funds to the health sector in order to improve health standards, reduce the mortality rate and hence the life expectancy of the citizens since a healthy population and workforce is a major ingredient for rapid and sustainable productivity and growth.
 

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THE VIEWS OF GREEK EDUCATIONALISTS ON THE ASSESSMENT OF THE KINDERGARTEN CURRICULUM CONTENT AND FUNCTION
Authors: Sakellariou Maria , Pappa Alexandra , Rodokleia Anagnostopoulou
Published: March 2024

High-quality education is considered as a crucial issue for every organised society since it prepares the next-to-come generation of active citizens. The assessment of the quality of education comprises the research object for a large number of researchers and members of the educational community, since through it the content and results of the assessment itself are examined. A structural feature of quality in education is the curriculum, inside which the very purpose of Kindergarten is reflected, which is no other than the wholesome development of toddlers. The objective of the present study was to investigate the views of general and special education teachers concerning the assessment of content as well as the operation of the curriculum proposed for the educational rank of Kindergarten. The study was conducted during the 2022-23 academic year, with the participation of 1204 educationalists (N: 864 general education Kindergarten teachers, N: 337 special education Kindergarten teachers) from all over Greece. The results of the research showed that the assessment of the pupils’ advancement relates to the type of education, whether, that is, the educationalists are employed within general education facilities or in special education ones, as well as to the number of pupils who attend each class. More on this, it surfaced that the dimension “Learning domains”, in which the content of the curriculum is being described, is affected by the number of pupils in each contextual class.
 

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Building the Geodesic Network for the City of Gramsh through GNSS Surveys
Authors: Sina Bledar
Published: March 2024

This study presents the methodology and results of establishing a geodesic network for the urban area of Gramsh, Albania, utilizing Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys. The development of an accurate geodetic framework is essential for various applications including urban planning, infrastructure development, and cadastral mapping. The research focuses on deploying GNSS receivers strategically across Gramsh to collect precise positioning data, which is subsequently processed using differential correction techniques to achieve centimeter-level accuracy. Ground control points are established throughout the city to facilitate georeferencing and validation of the network. Additionally, quality control measures such as redundancy checks and error analysis are implemented to ensure the reliability of the geodesic network. The resulting network provides a reliable spatial reference system for the city of Gramsh, enabling efficient and accurate geospatial data collection, analysis, and decision-making processes for urban development projects. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of GNSS surveys in establishing geodetic infrastructure in urban environments and highlights their significance in supporting sustainable urban growth and management.