bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oleożele – perspektywy ich wykorzystania w żywności
Authors: Żbikowska Anna , Kupiec Milena , Marciniak-Łukasiak Katarzyna , Kowalska Małgorzata
Published: January 2022

Celem pracy był przegląd danych literaturowych dotyczących tłuszczów strukturyzowanych różnymi żelifikatorami oraz przedstawienie możliwości wykorzystania oleożeli w produktach spożywczych. Technologia otrzymywania żeli lipidowych określana jest mianem oleożelacji. Jest to technika fizyczna niepozostawiającą odpadów. Organożele powstają w wyniku przemian zachodzących pod wpływem wysokiej temperatury. Żelifikatory są substancjami, które umożliwiają wytworzenie oleożeli z tłuszczów ciekłych. Dzięki swoim właściwościom żelującym strukturyzują one oleje roślinne lub rybne, które bardzo często mają korzystny żywieniowo profil kwasów tłuszczowych. W ten sposób uzyskują one delikatną strukturę ciała stałego. Modyfikowane celulozy (np. etyloceluloza) czy lipidy (np. monoacyloglicerole, wosk carnauba i candelilla) są dozwolonymi substancjami dodatkowymi, które mogą być wykorzystane do wytwarzania jadalnych oleożeli. Według danych zawartych w literaturze naukowej perspektywy wykorzystania olejów strukturyzowanych w przemyśle spożywczym są obiecujące. W zależności od rodzaju frakcji lipidowej i substancji strukturyzujących, oleożele mogą znaleźć zastosowanie jako składniki tłuszczowe w różnych produktach spożywczych. Mogą być one np. alternatywą dla typowych tłuszczów stosowanych w produkcji wyrobów ciastkarskich czy cukierniczych i dzięki temu mogą stanowić prozdrowotną alternatywę dla tłuszczów bogatych w niepożądane żywieniowo nasycone kwasy tłuszczowe (KT) czy izomery trans KT. Ponadto obecność oleożeli w żywności, np. w czekoladach nadziewanych, mogłaby zapobiec procesowi migracji składników olejowych i zapewnić jej wysoką jakość i niezmienność w trakcie przechowywania.
The effect of lyophilization on selected biologically active components (vitamin C, catalase, lysozyme), total antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidation in human milk
Authors: Martysiak-Żurowska Dorota , Puta Małgorzata , Rodzik Anna , Malinowska-Pańczyk Edyta
Published: January 2022

Human milk is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as lysozyme, vitamin C and other bioactive compounds. The effect of lyophilization on the content of antioxidants (vitamin C and catalase CAT), bactericidal compounds (lysozyme), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid peroxidation in human milk was investigated in this study. Samples of mature human milk were collected from five healthy women who gave birth on the scheduled date and without complications. Freeze drying resulted in the removal of 88.2 % of the initial water content from milk. The human milk lyophilizate was readily soluble in water. Lyophilization had no effect on the content of primary (lipid peroxides LP) and secondary (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) products of lipid oxidation. Freeze-drying led to a significant decrease in the vitamin C content and TAC values of milk (by 31 % and 16.5 %, respectively). Catalase and lysozyme were resistant to freeze-drying. Lyophilization induced a decrease in lysozyme content (9 %) and catalase activity (11 %) but these changes were not statistically significant. Low-temperature dehydration and rehydration of human milk lyophilizates promote satisfactory retention of biologically active ingredients and prevent the oxidation of human milk lipids. The results of this study indicate that lyophilization can be considered as an effective method for prolonging the shelf life of human milk.
Identyfikacja drożdży obecnych w kiszonej kapuście komercyjnej i otrzymywanej w gospodarstwach rolnych
Authors: Satora Paweł , Celej Dagmara , Skotniczny Magdalena , Trojan Nina
Published: January 2022

Kiszona kapusta jest produktem powszechnie spożywanym w Polsce. Otrzymywana jest nadal w sposób tradycyjny w wyniku fermentacji spontanicznej przez rodzime mikroorganizmy zasiedlające liście kapusty, którymi są głównie bakterie kwasu mlekowego. W trakcie fermentacji uaktywniają się także drożdże, których negatywna działalność może prowadzić do podwyższenia pH i rozwoju bakterii gnilnych. Celem pracy było określenie mikroflory drożdżowej występującej w kapuście kiszonej produkowanej przemysłowo oraz otrzymywanej w wyniku spontanicznej fermentacji w gospodarstwach rolnych w okolicach Muszyny. Mikroorganizmy izolowano przy użyciu agaru WL z dodatkiem chloramfenikolu w ilości 0,1 g/l, a izolaty różnicowano metodą RAPD-PCR z wykorzystaniem markera M13 i identyfikowane poprzez sekwencjonowanie regionu ITS. Najwięcej drożdży stwierdzono w próbkach kapusty otrzymanych metodami tradycyjnymi w gospodarstwach w gminie Muszyna (2,3 ÷ 15,9·103 jtk/g) oraz w jednym produkcie komercyjnym (2,8·103 jtk/g). W pozostałych analizowanych kiszonych kapustach nie stwierdzono ich obecności. Wśród izolatów wykryto przedstawicieli dwóch gatunków drożdży Cryptococcus macerans oraz Debaryomyces hansenii, przy czym drugi z nich został zróżnicowany metodą RAPD-PCR na 3 różne profile elektroforetyczne. Obecność zidentyfikowanych mikroorganizmów była ściśle uzależniona od analizowanej próbki, co mogło być związane z technologią produkcji kiszonej kapusty, a także z odmianą użytego surowca. Występowanie oznaczonych gatunków drożdży w gotowym produkcie może przyczyniać się do skrócenia czasu jego przydatności do spożycia i pojawienia się objawów zepsucia.
Wpływ dodatku przyprawy z suszonej kory cynamonowca na przeżywalność potencjalnie probiotycznych szczepów bakterii w musach dyniowo-jabłkowych i ich jakość sensoryczną
Authors: Szydłowska Aleksandra , Zielińska Dorota
Published: January 2022

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu dodatku cynamonu na przeżywalność dwóch potencjalnie probiotycznych szczepów bakterii: Lactobacillis rhamnosus K3, Lactobacillus brevis O24 oraz na jakość sensoryczną probiotycznych musów dyniowo-jabłkowych, przechowywanych w temp. 5 ºC przez 21 dni. Zakres pracy obejmował produkcję probiotycznych musów dyniowo-jabłkowych w warunkach laboratoryjnych, oznaczenie liczby bakterii dwóch wymienionych szczepów, pomiar wartości pH oraz ocenę jakości sensorycznej produktów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono istotny wpływ czasu przechowywania na liczbę bakterii Lactobacillis rhamnosus K3 i Lactobacillus brevis O24 w musach jabłkowo-dyniowych bez względu na poziom dodawanego cynamonu. Po upływie 7 dni przechowywania produktów w temp. 5 ºC odnotowano statystycznie istotne zwiększenie liczby bakterii we wszystkich produktach z wyjątkiem musu zawierającego szczep bakterii Lactobacillis rhamnosus K3 i dodatek przyprawy na poziomie 3 % przy jednoczesnym obniżeniu wartości pH. Liczba bakterii potencjalnie probiotycznych szczepów Lactobacillis rhamnosus K3 oraz Lactobacillus brevis O24 utrzymywała się na wysokim poziomie, tj. powyżej 7 log jtk/g produktu przez cały okres chłodniczego przechowywania musów dyniowo-jabłkowych. Dodatek sproszkowanego cynamonu na poziomie 6 %, wpływał na nieznaczne obniżenie ogólnej jakości sensorycznej musów. W produktach tych zaobserwowano wyższą intensywność odczucia smaku i zapachu innego, określanego jako „cynamonowy”. Przez cały okres przechowywania produkty charakteryzowały się wysoką jakością sensoryczną (średnia ogólna jakość sensoryczna wynosiła powyżej 6,3 j.u). Szczepy potencjalnie probiotycznych bakterii Lactobacillis rhamnosus K3 i Lactobacillus brevis O24 mogą być wykorzystywane do produkcji musów dyniowo-jabłkowych o akceptowanej jakości sensorycznej i odpowiedniej liczbie komórek bakterii warunkujących właściwości probiotyczne produktu finalnego.
Ocena zawartości składników bioaktywnych i właściwości przeciwutleniających proszków wyprodukowanych metodą liofilizacji z wybranych surowców roślinnych
Authors: Sadowska Anna , Dybkowska Ewa , Rakowska Rita , Hallmann Ewelina , Świderski Franciszek
Published: January 2022

Celem pracy była ocena zawartości witaminy C, polifenoli i karotenoidów oraz określenie aktywności przeciwutleniającej proszków wyprodukowanych w warunkach przemysłowych z wybranych surowców roślinnych w procesie liofilizacji, a następnie poddanych mikronizacji. Zbadano 12 proszków: owocowych, warzywnych, z pokrzywy i trawy jęczmiennej, cieszących się coraz większym zainteresowaniem konsumentów. Zawartość witaminy C, frakcji polifenoli i karotenoidów w proszkach oznaczono metodą wysokosprawnej chromatografii cieczowej HPLC, aktywność przeciwutleniającą – metodą spektrofotometryczną z zastosowaniem syntetycznego kationorodnika ABTS∙+. W zależności od rodzaju badanych surowców roślinnych wytworzone proszki charakteryzowały się zróżnicowaną, dość dużą zawartością badanych substancji bioaktywnych oraz aktywnością przeciwutleniającą. Najwięcej witaminy C zawierały proszki z owoców rokitnika i z jarmużu (odpowiednio: 333 i 348 mg/100 g) oraz proszki z mieszanki czerwonych owoców i warzyw (średnio 486 mg/100 g). Największą zawartością polifenoli ogółem oraz najwyższą aktywnością przeciwutleniającą charakteryzowały się proszki z aronii i borówki czernicy. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników badań stwierdzono, że otrzymane proszki, w zależności od ich rodzaju, mogą być wykorzystywane do produkcji żywności funkcjonalnej, żywności specjalnego przeznaczenia żywieniowego i suplementów diety nie tylko ze względu na swoje walory sensoryczne, ale także z uwagi na zawartość cennych składników: naturalnej witaminy C, polifenoli i karotenoidów.
Rola opakowań aktywnych w ograniczaniu marnotrawstwa mięsa w gospodarstwach domowych
Authors: Jeznach Maria , Bilska Beata , Tul-Krzyszczuk Agnieszka , Pawlak Artur
Published: January 2022

Opakowanie produktu nie tylko zabezpiecza jego zawartość przed zepsuciem, ale też promuje wyrób, umożliwia identyfikowanie i odróżnianie produktów, transport oraz użytkowanie. Oprócz wymienionych funkcji opakowania aktywne mogą przyczyniać się do ograniczenia marnotrawstwa żywności. Szacuje się, że w Unii Europejskiej generowane są rocznie straty żywności na poziomie 89 mln ton, przy czym w gospodarstwach domowych marnotrawstwo szacowane jest na 38 mln ton na rok. Celem badań było określenie roli opakowań aktywnych w ograniczeniu marnotrawstwa mięsa mielonego w gospodarstwach domowych. Badanie przeprowadzono metodą zogniskowanego wywiadu grupowego bezpośredniego. Wynika z niego, że opakowanie aktywne zastosowane do mięsa mielonego miało niewielkie znaczenie w decyzjach nabywczych konsumentów. Ważniejszym czynnikiem wpływającym na decyzję o zakupie okazały się: cena i jakość produktu. Badani twierdzili, że opakowania aktywne nie zagrażają zdrowiu konsumentów, a zastosowane techniki przedłużania okresu trwałości nie wpływają niekorzystnie na jakość samego produktu i nie czynią go jednocześnie zagrożeniem dla zdrowia. Zaobserwowano brak akceptacji wśród badanych dla znaczącego wzrostu ceny mięsa w opakowaniu z modyfikowaną atmosferą w stosunku do mięsa sprzedawanego „na wagę”. Opakowanie aktywne, mimo że wygląda atrakcyjnie i spełnia swoją funkcję, nie jest obiektem zainteresowania respondentów w momencie zakupu produktów mięsnych. Ze względu na wydłużanie terminu przydatności do spożycia zapakowanego produktu może się jednak przyczyniać się do ograniczania strat żywności zarówno na poziomie gospodarstw domowych, jak i całego procesu dystrybucji.
Hyper-Rigid Phasic Organization of Hippocampal Activity But Normal Spatial Properties of CA1 Place Cells in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Authors: Munn Robert G.K. , Freeburn Aimée , Finn David P. , Heller H. Craig
Published: January 2022

Down syndrome (DS) in humans is caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 and is marked by prominent difficulties in learning and memory. Decades of research have demonstrated that the hippocampus is a key structure in learning and memory, and recent work with mouse models of DS has suggested differences in hippocampal activity that may be the substrate of these differences. One of the primary functional differences in DS is thought to be an excess of GABAergic innervation from medial septum to the hippocampus. In these experiments, we probe in detail the activity of region CA1 of the hippocampus usingin vivoelectrophysiology in male Ts65Dn mice compared with their male nontrisomic 2N littermates. We find the spatial properties of place cells in CA1 are normal in Ts65Dn animals. However, we find that the phasic relationship of both CA1 place cells and gamma rhythms to theta rhythm in the hippocampus is profoundly altered in these mice. Since the phasic organization of place cell activity and gamma oscillations on the theta wave are thought to play a critical role in hippocampal function, the changes we observe agree with recent findings that organization of the hippocampal network is potentially of more relevance to its function than the spatial properties of place cells.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecent evidence has disrupted the view that spatial deficits are associated with place cell abnormalities. In these experiments, we record hippocampal place cells and local field potential from the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome, and find phenomenologically normal place cells, but profound changes in the association of place cells and gamma rhythms with theta rhythm, suggesting that the overall network state is critically important for hippocampal function. These findings also agree with evidence suggesting that excess inhibitory control is the cause of hippocampal dysfunction in Down syndrome. The findings also confirm new avenues for pharmacological treatment of Down syndrome.
PERFORMANCE OF CZECH FOOTBALL CLUBS: MALMQUIST INDEX APPROACH
Authors: Tomíček Michal , Pelloneová Natalie
Published: January 2022

Sport has become an important part of our lives in the modern times and sporting sites contribute significantly to the image and texture of modern cities. Regarding the popularity of sport, and football in particular, it has become an important modern place where specific types of economic and social interaction take place. The aim of this article is to propose a method for evaluating the performance of football clubs based on DEA and Malmquist index. Professional Czech football clubs playing in the Czech football competition Fortuna:Liga were selected for empirical analysis. To analyze the relative efficiency of football clubs, BCC and CCR models were employed. The study was conducted on a sample of 20 clubs through 2 inputs and 1 output collected during the 2015/16 – 2019/20 seasons. For some clubs the values of the Malmquist index were calculated. With help of MI it was possible to quantify the total productivity change factor and to decompose it to technological change and technical efficiency change. The results show that Czech football clubs achieved a relatively high level of efficiency in the period monitored and that traditional clubs achieved the highest efficiency score. These results could help club managers improve the performance of their teams.
Maria Wysłouchowa – redaktorka, publicystka, działaczka społeczna i polityczna
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Woś Paweł
Published: January 2022

Maria Wysłouchowa was the most distinguished Polish political activist of people’s, cultural and female movement in 19th and 20th century. She is the author of many historical works, a translator and popularizer slavic literature. Most part of her life she spent on editing socio-literary magazines which comprised a tie between Lviv intelligentsia and unaware peasants. Wysłouchowa’s endeavours set a way to democratization public life in Galicia.
Posłanki – liderki Ligi Kobiet (na wybranym przykładzie)
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Bauchrowicz-Tocka Maria
Published: January 2022

The article presents the participation in parliamentary work of the co-founder and activist of the League of Women, MP of the National National Council, the Legislative Sejm and the Sejm of the first term of office Maria Jaszczukowa. The MP was the rapporteur for the abortion law adopted in 1956 and became its “media face”. Sejm speeches by Jaszczukowa also concerned issues in the field of family law, social matters, and professional activity of women. The solutions and legal regulations proposed by her from the parliamentary tribunal harmonized with the program of the Women’s League. The question of the real effectiveness and influence of the League’s deputies on the government’s policy at the time remains unanswered.
„Nasza Praca” – miesięcznik „wytycznych” do działań i praktyk Ligi Kobiet
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Zaniewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2022

The article is an analysis of the “Nasza Praca” magazine published by the Main Board of the League of Women as an internal instruction of women’s organizations in this field. In the years 1947–1981, the journal was published in the form of a bulletin, the content of which was intended solely for analysis by members of the organization in all branches of the Polish People’s Republic. On the other hand, since 1981, with the breakthrough in the country and the League of Women itself, “Nasza Praca” became an open monthly addressed to all Polish women, including those who are not members of the Women’s League. The following article focuses on the guidelines of the Main Board of the Women’s League for field activists from the early 1980s.
Kwestia kobieca w Polskiej Kronice Filmowej (postulaty badawcze w zarysie)
Authors:   Instytut Studiów Kobiecych, Granatowska Justyna
Published: January 2022

For 50 years of its work, Polish Film Chronicle has repeatedly focused on women as the hero of its materials. The editions of the Chronicle, showing an over-colored and properly censored picture of reality, acted as a propaganda instrument of the PRL government, presenting the public with images that were to induce them to certain behaviors and adopt certain views. Depending on the political and economic situation of the country and the decisions made by the authorities, the image of women has changed many times over the years. Among the editions of the chronicle, the most common image is a woman as a mother and a worker. Pictures about mothers most often included individual stories of individuals devoted to raising their children, as well as issues of country infrastructure aimed at facilitating the functioning of working mothers. The Chronicle tried to convince women to take up professional work – often difficult professions, commonly considered to be the domain of men, such as a mine foreman, a steel worker, a bricklayer or a railwayman. In addition, the profiles of women – role models, dedicated to work, exceeding the production standards set by them, working for the local society, were presented, aimed at encouraging Polish women who only act as housewives to undertake similar commitments.
Socjologiczne i psychologiczne aspekty funkcjonowania zespołów rockowych
Authors:   Biblioteka Główna Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego, Ziarkowski Daniel
Published: January 2022

To say that a music band is a group of performers playing music together is to say nothing. Just like treasure hunters, where one knows the place, the other knows how to put formwork, and the third knows how to evaluate and distinguish minerals from precious stones, everyone in a musical group is different and necessary at the same time. It depends on their mutual relations, feelings, thoughts, words, and possibilities whether the treasure will be found, what victims will be incurred along the way, and whether their own ego will not exceed them. If all goes well, the golden music will remain with them for many years, and maybe even for generations. The only question is how not to sever ties? How to stay yourself? How not to get lost and how to find …?
Opowieść o ludziach, którym zatrzęsła się ziemia
Authors:   Instytut Studiów Regionalnych w Szczecinie, Łonyszyn Przemysław
Published: January 2022

The Operation Vistula has an exceptional place in the post-war history of Poland. It is difficult to explain why. One of the reasons could be the fact that the wounds after these events have not healed and it is impossible to talk about what happened in the Bieszczady in the second half of the 1940s in an emotionless way. The following story is not a historical but rather a story about a story. To be more precise, it is a story about writing a book based on memoirs. It reveals everything that a reader of a book does not normally see. The main characters of the book were forced displaces due to the Operation Vistula presented in their stories, impressions, feeling and issues that they encountered in the so-called Recovered Territories whereas this story focuses on the book author and his experiences. The story is not factual, although all the events are authentic, however, with some deliberate deviations to better build up readers’ emotions. Does it, then, complete the book with the stories of forced displaces? Everyone will have to answer this question on their own.
Jak tworzyć historie/idee, obok których nie będzie można przejść obojętnie?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu, Kola Anna Maria
Published: January 2022

The aim of the text is to present the main themes and ideas contained in the book Trailer Stories. Why some content attracts attention and others are forgotten, which can be helpful in constructing scientific research and writing texts – research reports or scientific essays.
Building detection with convolutional networks trained with transfer learning
Authors: Šanca Simon , Oštir Krištof , Mangafić Alen
Published: January 2022

Building footprint detection based on orthophotos can be used to update the building cadastre. In recent years deep learning methods using convolutional neural networks have been increasingly used around the world. We present an example of automatic building classification using our datasets made of colour near-infrared orthophotos (NIR-R-G) and colour orthophotos (R-G-B). Building detection using pretrained weights from two large scale datasets Microsoft Common Objects in Context (MS COCO) and ImageNet was performed and tested. We applied the Mask Region Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) to detect the building footprints. The purpose of our research is to identify the applicability of pre-trained neural networks on the data of another colour space to build a classification model without re-learning.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Siswa Berpendekatan Inkuiri Terbimbing pada Konsep Kelarutan
Authors: Riyani Annisa Fajar , Kusumo Ersanghono , Harjito Harjito
Published: January 2022

Penelitian Research and Development (RD) ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Siswa berpendekatan inkuiri terbimbing pada materi kelarutan yang layak, berkualitas baik, dan efektif. Metode penelitan dilakukan melalui 4 tahap yakni pendahuluan, perencanaan, penyusunan dan evaluasi mengacu pada Teknis Pengembangan Bahan Ajar yang diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar validasi, angket tanggapan dan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelayakan, kualitas dan keefektifan produk pengembangan. Komponen isi dan penyajian dinyatakan sangat layak sedangkan komponen Bahasa dan kegrafikan dinyatakan layak. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian maka kualitas Lembar Kerja Siswa menurut para ahli adalah sangat baik sesuai dengan kriteria BNSP dengan rata-rata skor yang diperoleh sebesar 87,5 %. Keefektifan LKS ditinjau dari ketuntasan klasikal yakni sebesar 3,1 % yang menunjukkan bahwa LKS tidak efektif. Berdasarkan data yang telah dihimpun dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan melakukan empat tahap pengembangan yakni pendahuluan, perencanaan, penyusunan dan evaluasi dapat menghasilkan LKS yang layak dan berkualitas baik namun agar LKS tersebut efektif perlu dilakukan koordinasi dengan guru kimia SMA pada tahap penyusunannya.
National Law Development through Civil Procedure Law Reform as a Manifestation of State Goals during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Al Fikry Ahmad Habib , Afandi Muhammad Riyan , Latifiani Dian
Published: January 2022

The purposes of this paper are: (i) to describe various problems in the philosophical, sociological and juridical aspects of the existence of civil procedural law as formal law in Indonesia; and (ii) offer solutions to these problems by updating the civil procedural law. The method in this paper uses normative legal research with a statutory approach by conducting a literature study using primary and secondary materials. The results of this paper indicate several things. The first, sociologically, people's lives develop dynamically so that the provisions of civil procedural law are not in accordance with the times. As for juridically, this provision is not unification, legal uncertainty, and a legal vacuum. The second, legal reform is part of the development of national law by taking into account the framework of the national legal system. The third, there are efforts and forms of civil procedural law reform carried out by each element of state power. The novelty of this paper is containing a comprehensive discourse that answers the problem of the applicability of civil procedural law with the efforts and forms of reform of civil procedural law in Indonesia. The conclusion in this paper is the provisions of civil procedural law need to be updated based on philosophical, sociological, and juridical considerations. Reform of civil procedural law must take into account the national legal system, principles, and content material in its formation.
Performance of ZnO nanoparticles for fire retardant and UV protection of pine wood
Authors: Favarim Higor Rogerio , Leite Lucas Oliveira
Published: January 2022

The aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the resistance of pine wood to fire and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ZnO nanoparticles were prepared from aqueous zinc nitrate via a proteic sol-gel method. Dried samples were impregnated using immersion in an aqueous solution of ZnO nanoparticles in the amount of 1 wt.% wood. Samples were exposed to an open flame to test the fire retardance, and a high-pressure UV lamp was used to test the UV resistance. The results showed an improvement in the fire retardance and UV radiation resistance after the impregnation of ZnO nanoparticles.
AL-LAMASÂT AL-BALÂGHIYAH FÎ KITÂB RAFÎQÎ LI MOHAMMAD NUR ASYIQ: DIRÂSAH TAHLÎLIYAH BALÂGHIYAH
Authors: Ghazi Fachrul
Published: January 2022

Rafiqî by Mohammad Nur Asyiq is one of the literary works which was written in Arabic and was widespread in Indonesia in the seventies. The book is constructed from several Arabic pieces of literatures with the author’s touch of al-Balâghah discipline and its three branches: al-Ma’âny, al-Bayân, and al-Badî’, thus making this book is a suitable candidate for a study concerning al-Balâghah. This book can be used to explore the purpose and intent of applying al-Balâghah language style as well as revealing the scientific and social characteristics of the author. By applying descriptive analytical approach, it was found that the author used several language styles, such as al-Istifhâm, al-Iltifât, al-Qashr, al-Fashl wa al-Washl, at-Tasybîh, al-Kinâyah, and al-Iqtibâs. Those applications of al-Balâgah reveal the author’s noble personality and his affection for Indonesia, his fought against invaders to seize Indonesia’s independence, his eagerness to consume local domestic products, and his compassion for the weak.
ACQUISITION OF ARABIC AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN EARLY CHILDREN IN ISLAMIC KINDERGARTEN
Authors: Aziz Abdul , Niswah Siti Khoirun , Ibrahim Faisal Mahmuoud Adam
Published: January 2022

It is believed that memorizing the Qur’an would be able to improve the acquisition of a second language, especially Arabic language, particularly for early childhood. This is because children have quite sharp hearing, so they quickly acquire Arabic language as their second language. The language acquisition is done by listening and kinesthetic methods. For this purpose, the study aims to describe the process of acquiring Arabic in early childhood at Daarut Tahfidz lil Athfal Malang. Researchers applied descriptive qualitative research and case study methods. Data obtained by observation and interviews. The results showed that learning activities to memorize the Qur’an can accelerate language acquisition in early childhood who previously had not been able to pronounce sentences perfectly. At the opening and closing of the lesson, the teacher in the class always reminds the mufradât (vocabulary) that has been delivered, so that it will strengthen their memory in Arabic language. The research is expected to provide an overview of the importance of providing Arabic language learning from an early age in order to strengthen Islamic teachings from an early age.
COLLOCATION OF ENGLISH, ARABIC, AND INDONESIAN COVID-19 TERMS
Authors: Suparno Darsita , Abshar Ulil , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Iroth Santje
Published: January 2022

This paper studies language and translation of the term related to Covid-19. The background of this research is many new vocabularies related to Covid-19 is borrowing term. This study attempts to find answers to the following question: a) What kind of collocations are related to the term Covid-19 pandemic in English, Arabic, and Indonesian? b) How is the pattern of word order forming collocations with the term Covid-19 pandemic in English, Arabic, and Indonesian? This study addressed the emergence of new English, Arabic, Indonesian collocation related to Covid-19 using H. Men’s collocation theory. This study used newspapers, namely Republika, BBC, al-Jazeera online that show Covid-19 as the standard procedure for collecting data. This study used corpus linguistic to analyze collocation, concordance, and syntax analysis, models. The Covid-19 domain has chosen because the Indonesian term in this domain uses a lot of loanwords. The source of the data was a basic-words and compound term. The investigation informed several aspects of findings, such as identifying the pattern of collocation, borrowing, and collocation term of coronavirus concept.
THE USE OF LANGUAGE GAMES TO INCREASE MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ISTIMÂ’
Authors: Lubis Ali Asrun , Yunaldi Yunaldi , Yunita Fitria Sari
Published: January 2022

Factors that cause boredom in learning process are the lack of variety of methods, models, and media. An alternative to increase learning motivation in learning process is by using games. The main problem of this research is how to increase students motivation to make learning outcomes optimized. The purpose of this study was to increase students' motivation to learn istimâ' (listening) in Arabic is by using educational games. This study used classroom action research using a cycle model. The results of the study shows that educational games can increase students' learning motivation, shown by the comparison of initial motivation and after giving an action using educational games. The initial motivation data was in average 42.36%, in the category of low learning motivation, after giving an action in the first cycle it reached to an average 78.33%, high category, and increased in the second cycle with average 93.28%, very high category. The study concluded that educational games can increase motivation in learning istimâ' in Arabic.
Relectio C. Novit De Iudiciis
Authors: Simões Sandro Alex de Souza , Coelho Leonardo Gomes de Souza
Published: January 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma análise mais detida e explicativa da obra Relectio C. Novit de Iudiciis (“Sobre o Poder Supremo”), de autoria de Martín de Azpilcueta Navarro, conhecido também como Doutor Navarro, teólogo e jurista do século XVI que marcou forte influência em seus estudos e docência nas universidades europeias, com destaque para as universidades ibéricas de Alcalá de Henares, Salamanca e Coimbra. Destaca-se aspectos biográficos do Doutor Navarro, sua influência na renovação metodológica escolástica que estruturou a Segunda Escolástica ao lado de personalidades como Francisco de Vitoria e Domingo de Soto, atuando de modo mais evidente nos campos do Direito Canônico e da Teologia Moral. Destaca-se ainda o contexto histórico que ensejou a elaboração da obra analisada, seus antecedentes na Revolução Papal e os aspectos mais importantes da própria obra, que é a distinção entre os poderes temporal e eclesiástico. No mais, adentra-se em outras contribuições importantes do Doutor Navarro, tais como sua participação na Inquisição Espanhola, sua influência na formulação do Ius gentium, a influência na estruturação da Companhia de Jesus e a formulação de sua Teoria Quantitativa da Moeda, grande marco principiológico de seus conceitos morais dentro da realidade socioeconômica da Conquista ibérica.
A educação por meio do ensino remoto com turmas do 1º ao 5º ano em tempos de pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Galindo Vinícius , Mescua Kelly , Vezzaro Victor
Published: January 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver uma reflexão em relação aos impactos da pandemia na educação sobre: a reorganização da escola, o uso das tecnologias e o trabalho do professor por meio do ensino remoto com turmas do 1º ao 5º ano. A metodologia deste trabalho foi a revisão bibliográfica e documental de natureza qualitativa. Com o surgimento da pandemia da COVID-19, as escolas enfrentaram uma nova realidade em relação aos seus espaços e às dificuldades enfrentadas pelos educadores em adaptar suas ações pedagógicas por meio do ensino remoto emergencial. Ficou evidente esta nova organização escolar em relação a sua dinâmica social, possibilitando a utilização das tecnologias como ferramenta pedagógica no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Portanto, as escolas se reinventaram ao tornar suas ações relevantes conforme o contexto do educando e propiciaram a abertura de novos caminhos para o seu funcionamento e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, visando a uma educação de qualidade em todas as esferas humanas.
Optimizing the Use of Digital Technology in Building a Community Network of Consumption of Small and Medium Enterprises’ Products during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Depok, Indonesia
Authors: Ichmi Yani Arinda Rohmah  , Achdian Andi
Published: January 2022

The massive spread of the COVID-19 pandemic which started in the mid-2020 has had a significant impact on the sustainability of the production and marketing activities of goods and services by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). In the context of Indonesia, the so-called policy Large Scale Social Restriction encourages small and medium-sized business groups to find strategic ways so that they can continue to carry out production and marketing activities. One of the strategic ways is building a network of people who consume goods by using digital technology. This study analyses the strategies of small and medium-sized business groups in building a community network of the consumption of small and medium-sized business products through digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic with special reference to the case of Depok, in Indonesia. This is a descriptive qualitative study with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The findings show that small and medium enterprises use several digital applications to be able to connect individuals to create a consumption group of “common taste” so that those small and medium-sized enterprises could maintain the continuity of selling their goods or products. As a result, this strategic method is proven to be quite beneficial for small and medium business groups.
Studentsâ€™ Critical Thinking Skills in The Reflective Class of Islamic Cultural History
Authors: Suntiah Ratu
Published: January 2022

This study investigates studentsâ€™ critical thinking skills in the subject of Islamic Cultural History, built within reflective teaching. It applied qualitative method using descriptive analytic. The study involved students from Class-XI aged 16-17 years old in MAN 1 and MAN 2 in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The data were collected using observation and documentation for the contemplative teaching and learning process. The data then were analysed using Miles and Hubermen covering data reduction, presentation, and conclusion. The results show that the reflective class supported the studentsâ€™ learning development and their critical thinking. The students prepared well for learning, engaged in the learning activities, contributed to the discussion, and enthusiastically compiled personal journals. When it comes to their critical thinking development, the students showed their progressive capacities in building their ideas, evaluating theirs and othersâ€™ arguments and working together to solve problems.Â
Implementation of Targhib And Tarhib Methods to Teach Aqidah and Akhlaq Subject in Madrasah
Authors: Nurhamzah Nurhamzah , Amarullah Risal Qori
Published: January 2022

This study is aimed at investigating targib and tarhib method in terms of planning, implementation, supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation, evaluation and success rate of application. This research applied qualitative method using descriptive analytic. The data were collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analysed by selecting, sorting data obtained, analysing and drawing conclusions. The findings show that the planning was designed in terms of learning strategies, techniques and tactics in the document of lesson plan. The implementation was in accordance with the planning written in the learning steps in the document of lesson plan. The supporting factors included innovative and competent teachers in their fields, full support from the principal, support from the teacher council and school staff, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The inhibiting factors covered the differences in the studentsâ€™ background and the location of the classrooms which is next to public roads and residents' houses. The evaluation was done by observing studentsâ€™ attitudes and administering the oral tests in learning. The success rate of implementation can be seen from the increase in the studentsâ€™ awareness to behave akhlak karimah in everyday life.
Relationship between montelukast and behavioral problems in preschool children with asthma
Authors: Özata Eda , Akelma Zülfikar , Günbey Sacit
Published: January 2022

Background: There is insufficient clarity regarding whether or not drugs used in asthma cause behavioral problems in children.Methods: A total of 155 individuals, categorized into an asthma group (n = 95) and a control group (n = 60), were enrolled in the current prospective controlled study. The asthma group consisted of patients receiving treatment (inhaled corticosteroids [ICS] or montelukast) for at least 1 month. Check Behavior Checklist (CBCL) for ages 1.5–5 scores for the asthma and controls were compared. The asthma group was divided into two subgroups based on prophylactic therapy received, ICS and montelukast, and these groups’ CBCL scores were also compared. Results: The asthma group consisted of 95 children (ICS subgroup 45, montelukast subgroup 50) and the healthy control group of 60 cases. The mean total CBCL score was higher in the asthma group than in the control group (42 vs 32, respectively, P = 0.001). Internalization and externalization scores were also higher in the asthma group compared to the control group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.005, respectively). No significant difference was determined in terms of CBCL scores between the ICS and montelukast groups (P = 0.3). Montelukast was discontinued in one asthmatic child due to hallucination.Conclusion: This study determined a higher rate of behavioral problems in preschool children with asthma compared to healthy children. In contrast to other studies in the literature, we determined no difference in terms of total CBCL, and internalization and externalization scores of children with asthma who received ICS and montelukast. Nevertheless, it should be kept in mind that montelukast may cause serious neuropsychiatric events such as hallucination.
Drug reexposure in children with severe mucocutaneous reactions
Authors: Moral Luis , Toral Teresa , Gilabert Ana , Sánchez Ares , Silvestre Juan Francisco , Marco Francisco Manuel
Published: January 2022

In pediatric patients, severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) frequently occur in the course of acute illnesses, mostly infections, which are usually treated with antibiotics or analgesics. The drug provocation test (DPT) is contraindicated in such situations, due to the risk of triggering a new severe reaction. As a consequence, lifelong avoidance is recommended. However, causation is uncertain in most cases. The dilemma arises when avoiding the drug is not harmless for the patient. We have attended three patients who were referred to our pediatric allergy unit with a history of SCAR related in time to simultaneous use of paracetamol and ibuprofen. Medical records and images of the patients were reviewed with the assistance of a dermatologist, and alternative diagnoses were considered in both cases. The ALDEN score for implicated drugs was calculated. After considering a high probability of ibuprofen tolerance and obtaining informed consent from the patients, we performed a sequential allergy workup including in vitro tests, skin tests, and finally DPT in two of the patients, confirming ibuprofen tolerance. In conclusion, although generally contraindicated, DPT may be considered for some useful drugs after careful evaluation of the risk–benefit balance, preceded by a sequential study including in vitro and skin tests.
Pulmonary manifestations in a cohort of patients with inborn errors of immunity: an 8-year follow-up study
Authors: Movahedi Mahshid , Jamee Mahnaz , Ghaffaripour Hosseinali , Noori Farzad , Ghaini Mehdi , Eskandarzadeh Shabnam , Enayat Javad , Eslamian Golnaz , Pourdowlat Guitti , Sharifinejad Niusha , Poorabdollah Mihan , Nadji Seyed Alireza , Fallahi Mazdak , Daneshmandi Zahra , Heshmatnia Jalal , Eslaminejad Alireza , Fakharian Atefeh , Vasheghani Maryam , Moniri Afshin , Mirenayat Maryam Sadat , Tabarsi Payam , Marjani Majid , Rezaei Nima , Seppänen Mikko R. J. , Mansouri Davood , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Velayati Ali Akbar
Published: January 2022

Background: Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are a group of congenital diseases caused by genetic defects in the development and function of the immune system. The involvement of the respiratory tract is one of the most common presentations in IEIs.Methods: Overall, 117 patients with diagnosed IEIs were followed-up within 8 years at the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected in a questionnaire. Pulmonary function test (PFT), chest X-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were obtained where applicable.Results: Our study population consisted of 48 (41%) patients with predominantly antibody deficiencies (PADs), 39 (32%) patients with congenital defects of phagocytes, 14 (11.9%) patients with combined immunodeficiency (CID), and 16 (14%) patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial diseases (MSMD). . Recurrent pneumonia was the most common manifestation, while productive cough appeared to be the most common symptom in almost all diseases. PFT showed an obstructive pattern in patients with PAD, a restrictive pattern in patients with CID, and a mixed pattern in patients with CGD. HRCT findings were consistent with bronchiectasis in most PAD patients, whereas consolidation and mediastinal lesions were more common in the other groups.Conclusions: Pulmonary manifestations vary among different groups of IEIs. The screening for lung complications should be performed regularly to reveal respiratory pathologies in early stages and follow-up on already existing abnormalities.
Validation of the food allergy independent measure and the EuroPrevall food allergy quality of life questionnaire for children 8–12 years translated into Spanish
Authors: Jang Dah Tay , Pérez-Sabido María , Buendia Elisa , Ibañez Laura , Nieto Maria , Bartoll Ester , Selva Blanca , Uixera Sonia , Nieto Antonio , Mazon Angel
Published: January 2022

Background: Different questionnaires have been developed to measure quality of life (QoL) in patients with food allergy. Our aim was to validate a Spanish translation of the Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) and the EuroPrevall Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire—Child Form (FAQLQ-CF) for children aged 8–12 years.Methods: Sixty children with a diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy to food completed the questionnaires. The internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. The correlation of FAQLQ-CF with FAIM was assessed to test construct validity. We compared both values with the diagnosis of anaphylaxis to evaluate discriminant validity.Results: Cronbach’s alpha was in the range of 0.654–0.863 for the four domains of FAQLQ-CF and 0.779 for FAIM. There were no criteria to remove questions from the questionnaires. Significant correlations could be found between FAQLQ-CF and the number of offending foods and the impact on social life (all r > 0.33, P < 0.01), and between FAIM and anaphylaxis.Conclusions: The Spanish translation of FAQLQ-CF showed acceptable internal consistency, good construct validity, and capacity to discriminate patients depending on the number of foods to avoid and the impact on social life. FAIM showed good discriminant capacity for anaphylaxis.
Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü Çevrim İçi Staj Programının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Polat Coşkun , Eroğlu Ertuğrul Burak
Published: January 2022

Teorik bilgilerin pratiğe dönüşerek öğrenimin kalıcılığını sağlaması yanında, öğrencilerin mezuniyet öncesinde iş ortamına aşinalık ve mesleki deneyim kazanmaları anlamında staj, üniversite öğretiminde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Staj uygulamasında esas olan öğrencilerin eğitim aldıkları disipline yönelik iş ve işlemleri yerinde görerek tecrübe etmeleridir. Ancak 2020 yılı Covid-19 salgınından dolayı kurumların stajyer kabul etmemeleri, uygulamaların yerindeliğini sekteye uğratmıştır. Staj uygulamalarının kazanımlarından öğrencilerin mahrum edilmemesi amacıyla arayışa giren bazı bölümler, çözüm için teorik derslerde olduğu gibi, çevrim içi staj programlarına başvurmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada, Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi eğitiminde önemli bir yere sahip olan stajın pandemi döneminde iptal edilmesi neticesinde gerçekleştirilen Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Bilgi ve Belge Yönetimi Bölümü çevrim içi staj uygulamasının öğrenciler üzerindeki etkilerinin ölçülmesi amaçlanmıştır. Disiplinin önde gelen iki mesleki derneği olan Üniversite ve Araştırma Kütüphanecileri Derneği (ÜNAK) ve Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği (TKD) ile iş birliği yapılarak gerçekleştirilen bu uygulamada, 4 haftalık sürede 22 oturumda 30 konuşmacı tarafından 114 öğrenciye, yüz yüze staj uygulamasında aktarılan becerileri içeren 5 ana konuda çevrim içi seminerler verilmiştir. Öğrencilerin verilen seminerler hakkındaki tutumlarını saptamaya yönelik planlanan çalışmada, oturumların, konuşmacıların ve bölümün süreçteki durum değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Betimsel yöntemin kullanıldığı çalışmada, organizasyonun bitiminde öğrencilere uygulanan anketin sonuçları “surveey” aracı ile değerlendirilmiş, öğrencilerin genel anlamda programdan verim aldıkları anlaşılmıştır. Yüz yüze stajın alternatifi olmasa da mücbir nedenlerle yapılan bu türden uygulamalara katılımın gerekli olduğu görüşünü savundukları ortaya çıkmıştır. Çalışma, bu türden programların planlı ve sistematik uygulama ile hem öğrenci hem de kurum tarafıyla geniş katılımların önemli olduğuna ilişkin farkındalığa hizmet ettiği ölçüde başarılı olacaktır.