bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Plant Density and Cultivar on Mini Triploid Watermelon Yield and Fruit Quality
Authors: Walters S. Alan
Published: August 2023

Mini triploid (seedless) watermelons (Citrullus lanatus) are a growing segment of the U.S. watermelon market due to their small, one-serving size. Although mini triploid watermelons were first released and commercially grown about 6 years ago, little information is available for optimum planting densities that are needed to achieve the greatest percentage of marketable fruit in the 3- to 8-lb range. In 2006 and 2007, the fruit grade distribution response to six plant densities (2489, 3111, 4149, 6223, 8297, and 12,446 plants/acre) of four mini watermelon cultivars (Betsy, Petite Treat, Valdoria, and Vanessa) was measured at the Southern Illinois University Horticulture Research Center in Carbondale. ‘SP-1’ was used as the in-row pollenizer at 25% of the total planting. Although all cultivars responded similarly to the plant densities evaluated, ‘Vanessa’ provided the greatest fruit number and weight per acre, and percentage of fruit in the mini grade, compared with the other cultivars. Marketable mini triploid watermelon yield dramatically increased with closer in-row spacings. At lower plant densities (wider in-row spacings), a greater proportion of icebox-sized fruit (>8 lb) was produced, and the amount of marketable, mini-sized fruit (3–8 lb) declined. The grade distribution of mini triploid watermelon numbers and weights were the greatest at the highest plant density evaluated [0.5 ft in-row spacing (12,446 plants/acre)], with about 80% of the total yield in the mini grade. The greatest net revenues were also obtained at this high density. This study indicated that it is critical for producers of mini triploid watermelons to recognize the dramatic impact that plant density has on marketable fruit yield (3–8 lb). Growers of mini triploid watermelons will see a drastic improvement in revenues with closer in-row spacings compared with the approximate 2 ft in-row spacings currently used (about 4000 plants/acre). The increased cost of higher plant densities are more than offset by the greater return on investment.
Postharvest Longevity and Responsiveness of Guava Varieties with Distinctive Climacteric Behaviors to 1-Methylcyclopropene
Authors: Porat R. , Weiss B. , Zipori I. , Dag A.
Published: August 2023

The local guava (Psidium guajava) variety cultivated in Israel, named Ben Dov, emits a strong odor and suffers from a short postharvest life. To address these problems, we initiated a guava breeding program, and identified two new varieties, the pink-flesh King and the white/yellowish-flesh Omri, that have much better storage lives and emit fewer odors. Physiological characterization of their ripening process revealed that the traditional variety Ben Dov exhibited a classic climacteric behavior, whereas the new variety King had a suppressed-climacteric phenotype, and Omri was apparently nonclimacteric and did not exhibit any increases in respiration and ethylene production rates during ripening. Furthermore, differing concentrations of the ethylene action inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were required to inhibit ripening in the various varieties: a high 1-MCP concentration of 500 nL·L−1 was required to delay ripening and to prolong postharvest storage life of the climacteric variety Ben Dov; a moderate concentration of 250 nL·L−1 inhibited ripening of the suppressed-climacteric variety King; and a low concentration of just 100 nL·L−1 was sufficient to inhibit ripening of the nonclimacteric variety Omri. The results of this study indicate that different guava varieties may pursue distinctive climacteric behaviors: the suppressed-climacteric variety and, to a greater extent, the nonclimacteric variety, have longer storage lives and are more sensitive to 1-MCP than the traditional variety.
Pear Responses to Split Fertigation and Band Placement of Nitrogen and Phosphorus
Authors: Yin Xinhua , Bai Jinhe , Seavert Clark F.
Published: August 2023

Single broadcast application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on the soil surface results in low use efficiency of applied N and P in pear (Pyrus communis) production systems in Oregon and the Pacific northwestern United States. A field experiment was conducted from 2005 through 2006 to evaluate the effects of split fertigation and band placement as alternate N and P management practices in ‘Anjou’ pears growing on a Parkdale loam soil near Parkdale, OR. Measurement and analysis of tree nutrition, fruit yield, quality, and storability, as well as indigenous soil nutrient supply was the scope of the experiment. To evaluate fertilizer management practices on pear growth and productivity, the following four treatments were tested with a randomized complete block design replicated four times: 1) broadcast application of N and P on the soil surface in a 10-ft-wide, weed-free strip centered on the tree row, 2) band placement of N and P on both sides of tree rows in 1 × 1-ft ditches (width × depth), 3) 1 × 1-ft ditches were dug using the band placement equipment, the dug soil was completed returned to the ditch without any fertilizer, and the broadcast application of N and P on the soil surface was applied on a 10-ft-wide, weed-free strip centered on the tree row, and 4) fertigation of N and P split into five equal applications throughout the growing season. Nitrogen and P fertilizers were applied to treatments 1, 2, and 3 at 100 lb/acre N and 55 lb/acre P, while treatment 4 received only 80 lb/acre N and 44 lb/acre P. The 2-year average results show leaf N and P concentrations in the fall were increased by 10.0% and 10.6%, respectively, with split fertigation compared with broadcast application on the soil surface. Band placement increased leaf N by 7.1% relative to broadcast application on the soil surface with soil disturbance caused by band placement. Split fertigation and band placement slightly increased fruit yield, but increased marketable fruit (the total of excellent and very slightly scalded fruit) by 20.9% and 11.1% (absolute value) when compared with broadcast application of N and P and broadcast application of N and P with soil disturbance caused by band placement, respectively, and after 3 months of cold storage. No detrimental effects on fruit weight or reduction in soil amino sugar N were observed from lowering the N and P application rates by 20% with split fertigation. Overall, split fertigation and band placement of N and P can be used to replace single broadcast application on the soil surface on pear orchards to reduce fruit superficial scald during cold storage and improve the use efficiency of applied N and P in the mid-Columbia region of Oregon.
The Effects of Aminoethoxyvinylglycine and Naphthaleneacetic Acid Treatments on Abscission and Firmness of ‘Scarletspur Delicious’ Apples at Normal and Delayed Harvests
Authors: Unrath C.R. , Obermiller J.D. , Green A. , McArtney S.J.
Published: August 2023

The variation in natural fruit drop of ‘Scarletspur Delicious’/‘M.7’ (M.7) apple (Malus ×domestica) trees in a commercial orchard over a period of 11 consecutive years was visualized using box and whisker plots. Delaying harvest until 1 week after the normal harvest date resulted in fruit drop ranging from 2% to 33% depending on the year. The effects of aminoethoxyvinlyglycine (AVG) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on fruit drop and fruit firmness at normal and delayed harvests was monitored each year. AVG and NAA programs tended to mitigate fruit drop most effectively in years when natural fruit drop was heavy. AVG delayed the loss of fruit firmness, whereas a preload NAA program delayed firmness loss in fruit that were harvested 3 weeks after the normal harvest date only. A standard NAA program for drop control did not accelerate softening of ‘Scarletspur Delicious’ during the first 3 weeks after the normal harvest date. Growers should closely monitor fruit maturity and stem loosening during the harvest window each year to minimize the risk of major losses due to fruit drop. When timely harvest is not possible, perhaps due to unforeseen weather events or constraints in labor availability, or poor management, then use of harvest management aids such as AVG or NAA becomes critical on cultivars prone to fruit drop.
A COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF FEMORAL NERVE BLOCK AND INTRAVENOUS FENTANYL FOR POSITIONING DURING SPINAL ANAESTHESIA IN SURGERY OF FEMUR FRACTURE
Authors:   Professor H.G in Anaesthesiology, Narendra Modi Medical College & LG Hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad., Kapdi Manisha , Santoki Uma ,   Ex Resident in Anaesthesiology, Narendra Modi Medical College & LG Hospital, Maninagar, Ahmedabad.
Published: August 2023

Background:Femur surgeries are very common surgeriesRegional anaesthesia is common for that.Giving position for it is real task for anaesthetist.This challange can be overcome by giving Femoral nerve block.Ultrasonography guided blocks are getting famous in last 5 years.we have studied USG guided femoral nerve block for positioning for spinal anaesthesia in fracture femur patients. Methods: This study was conducted at tertiary care hospital on 60 elective patients posted for elective femur fracture surgeries, with ASA grade I and II, in age group of 18-70 years. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups â€“ Group FNB and Group FENT. In FNB group, patients received USG guided FNB 15 minutes prior to positioning with 15 ml, 1.5 % lignocaine with Adrenaline. In FENT group, patients received injection fentanyl 1Âµg/kg IV 15 minutes prior to positioning for SA.Both the groups were evaluated for Hemodynamic changes, VAS score, Rescue requirements of fentanyl aliquots, Performance time, Patients satisfaction, Anesthetists satisfaction and Perioperative complications. Results :Both the groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, ASA grade, HR and MAP.In our study,Hemodynamic stability was observed in both groups. VAS Score was lesser in Group FNB (0.93Â±0.87mins) compared to GroupFENT (1.72Â±1.09 mins) prior to positioning for SA (p value <0.003). Rescue requirement of fentanyl aliquots for positioning It was less in Group FNB (0.06Â±0.25 mins) compared to Group FENT (0.34Â±0.61 mins) (p value<0.02 ). Performance time was shorter in Group FNB (15.33Â±1.27 mins) compared to Group FENT (16.72Â±3.07 mins) (p value<0.02 ). Patients satisfaction was less in Group FENT as compared to Group FNB. (p value < 0.03). Anesthetists satisfaction was less in Group FENT as compared to Group FNB. (p value < 0.02). Perioperative complications: In FNB group out of 30 patients, 1 patient had shivering. In FENT group out of 30 patients, 2 patients had shivering and 1 patient had hypotension. Conclusion: US guided femoral nerve block is more advantageous than IV fentanyl for position of fracture femur patients.
Ardahan İlinde Enerji Uygulamaları için Meteoroloji ve İklim Verilerinin Analizi
Authors: KALTAKKIRAN Galip , BAKIRCI Kadir
Published: August 2023

Meteoroloji ve iklim verileri, enerji ile ilgili proje çalışmalarında önemli bir veri kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Herhangi bir bölge için mevcut enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı ve bu kaynakların çevre ve insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkileri dikkate alınmalıdır. Bu bağlamda, özellikle yeni ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının öncelikli kullanımı, karbon salınımı ve küresel ısınmaya karşı olumlu etkilerinden dolayı son derece önemlidir. Bu bakımdan, Ardahan ili için fosil kökenli ve özellikle dışa bağımlı enerji kaynaklarına alternatif olabilecek yenilenebilir enerji potansiyelleri belirlenmelidir. Ayrıca bu noktada farkındalığın oluşturulması ve kaynakların etkin olarak kullanılması için meteoroloji ve iklim verilerinin ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Ardahan ili için özellikle meteoroloji ve iklim verileri üzerinden rüzgâr ve güneş gibi yenilenebilir enerji potansiyellerinin belirlenmesi ve enerji projeleri ile ilgili yapılacak fizibilite çalışmalarına destek vermek için veri sağlanmıştır. Ardahan 3.80 °C 'lik yıllık ortalama sıcaklığı ile Türkiye’nin sıcaklık ortalaması en düşük olan illeri arasında yer almıştır. İlin uzun yıllar ortalamasına göre günlük toplam güneşlenme süresi 5.67 saat/gün olup, önemli bir güneş enerjisi potansiyeli bulunmaktadır. Sınırları içerisinde çeşitli büyüklüklerde hidroelektrik santrali bulunan Ardahan’ın yağışlı gün sayısı yıllık olarak ortalama 136 gün olup yağış miktarı yıllık 554.82 kg/m2’dir. İlin bazı ilçelerinde kaplıca ve maden suyu niteliğinde çeşitli jeotermal enerji kaynaklarının olması yanı sıra il genelinde 100 cm derinlikte toprak sıcaklığı yılın hiçbir ayında 0 °C’nin altında değildir. Ayrıca, ilin yıllık ortalama rüzgâr hızı 1.88 m/s’dir.
ACE2 Receptor: A Potential Pharmacological Target in COVID-19
Authors: Zhu Yaping , Zhang Shungeng , Wang Zeguang , Wang Zhi , Zhu Shiheng
Published: August 2023

Studies have shown that injection of recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
(ACE2) significantly increased circulatory levels of ACE2 activity, reduced cardiac hypertrophy
and fibrosis, and effectively lowered blood pressure. In addition, recombinant ACE2 ameliorated albuminuria
and might contribute to renal protection. Meanwhile, potential pharmacological treatments
based on ACE2 are attracting increasing attention from scientists following a growing understanding
of the role of the ACE2 receptor in the pathogenesis of coronavirus disease 2019
(COVID-19). In this article, we comprehensively summarized the literature on the structure, distribution,
and function of ACE2. More importantly, we draw a conclusion that ACE2 decoys such as
sACE2, hrsACE2 and ACE2-derived peptides, drugs down-regulating the ACE2 or TMPRSS2
gene expression, and the application of epigenetic modifiers and Traditional Chinese Medicine
might represent promising approaches for the future of COVID-19 treatment.
Mechanism of Action of Collagen and Epidermal Growth Factor: A
Review on Theory and Research Methods
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: August 2023

The most abundant protein found in mammals is collagen, and there are around 28 different
types of collagen found in the human body, but there are five types, namely, Type I, Type II, Type III,
Type V, and Type X, most generally applied in supplements, and the five common types of collagen
are available in various forms and form different sources, which result in various potential benefits.
The epidermal growth factor is one of the main growth factor proteins in the skin, which has an important
function in the production of collagen, hyaluronic acid, and elastin to keep the skin healthy
and dense appearance. It is a single-chain polypeptide of 53 amino acids, which is a potent mitogen
for a variety of cells in vivo and in vitro. It triggers cells to grow, produce, and divide proteins, such as
collagen. It may increase collagen production in granulation tissue by stimulation of fibroblast proliferation.
This review article aims to provide an overview of different collagens and epidermal growth
factors from recently published studies and some important directions for future research. The key
words search for Collagen, Epidermal growth, Polypeptides, Amino acids, Protein, and tissue engineering
were performed using Google scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. Fibrillar collagens are collagen
types I, II, III, V, XI, XXIV, XXVII, and non-fibrillar collagens are collagen types IV, VI, VII, VIII,
IX, X, XII, XIII, XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, XXIII, XXV, XXVI, XXVIII,
and XXIX. Collagen I can be found in bone, skin, tendon, cornea and vascular ligature; collagen II
can be discovered in cartilage, vitreous body and gristle; collagen III is the main ingredient of reticular
fibers which is often found alongside type I, the location of collagen III is also in skin, uterus, intestine,
and vessels. Collagen IV can be identified in capillaries, the epithelium-secreted layer of the
basement membrane and forms basal lamina. It forms basal lamina, capillaries, and the epitheliumsecreted
layer of the basement membrane, while Collagen V can be discovered in bones, skin, cornea,
hair, placenta, and cell surfaces. In addition, collagen VI is found in bones, skin, gristle, cornea and
vessels, while collagen VII can be found in skin, bladder, mucous membranes, amniotic fluid and umbilical
cord. Lastly, collagen VIII is found in the skin, heart, kidney, brain, bones, gristle and vessels.
Moreover, collagen X, XI and IX can be found in the gristle.
Exosomes derived from Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem
Cells Attenuate Nucleus Pulposus Cell Apoptosis via the miR-155-
5p/Trim32 Axis
Authors: Chen Fei , Li Shangze , Wu Ji , Guo Qunfeng , Wang Haibin , Ni Bin , Yang Jun
Published: August 2023

Background:

Lower back pain, shown to be strongly associated with IVDD,
affects approximately 60%–80% of adults and has a considerable societal and economic
impact. Evidence suggests that IVDD, caused by abnormal apoptosis of nucleus
pulposus cells (NPCs), can be treated using MSC-derived exosomes.

Objective:

This study aimed to evaluate the role of miR155-5p/Trim32 in intervertebral
disc disease (IVDD) and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Deregulating
miR-155 has been shown to promote Fas-mediated apoptosis in human IVDD. Evidence
also suggests that tripartite motif (TRIM)-containing protein 32 (Trim32) is regulated by
miR-155. However, the role of miR155-5p/Trim32 in IVDD remains unclear.

Methods:

Cell viability was checked using CCK-8 kits, and flow cytometry was used to
analyze cell cycle and apoptosis. Cell migration was measured with a Transwell assay,
while a luciferase assay was adopted to study how miR-155-5p interacts with Trim32.
The roles of Trim32 and miR-155-5p were studied by silencing or up-regulating them in
NPCs, while qPCR and immunoblots were used to evaluate mRNA and protein changes,
respectively.

Results:

TNF-α treatment significantly inhibited cell viability but promoted Trim32
expression in primary mouse NPCs. Administration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem
cells (BMSCs) attenuated primary NPC cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induced by TNF-
α. BMSCs-derived exosomes could be taken up by NPCs to inhibit TNF-α-induced cell
cycle arrest and apoptosis through miR-155-5p. Examination of the underlying
mechanism showed that miR-155-5p targeted Trim32. Moreover, Trim32 overexpression
inhibited the effect of BMSCs-derived exosomes on primary mouse NPC cell apoptosis
induced by TNF-α.

Conclusion:

Overall, these findings suggest that exosomes from BMSCs can suppress
TNF-α-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in primary mouse NPCs through the
delivery of miR-155-5p by targeting Trim32. This study provides a promising therapeutic
strategy for IVDD.
Flavonoids as Pyruvate Kinase M2 Inhibitor: An In silico Analysis
Authors: Mishra Raghav , Kaushal Sparsh , Mishra Isha
Published: August 2023

Background:

The prevalence of cancer in developing nations is a significant issue of concern.
As a result of diverse global influences, this condition has surpassed coronary ailments to become the
foremost cause of mortality. The role of PKM2 (Muscle Pyruvate Kinase 2) has garnered significant interest in the quest for agents in cancer progression. Flavonoids exhibit promise as a framework for the
advancement of chemotherapeutic agents targeting cancer.

Objective:

The principal aim of the present in silico investigation was to ascertain flavonoids as potential
anticancer agents capable of inhibiting the PKM2 enzyme.

Methods:

The preferred ligand molecules were docked to the human PKM2 enzyme using a computational molecular docking simulation technique to determine their affinity for the same enzyme. The molecular
docking simulation was carried out using the AutoDock Vina software.

Results:

The chosen flavonoid docked well with the PKM2 enzyme, suggesting it may stimulate autophagy, hence acting as an anticancer agent.

Conclusion:

In in silico studies, the chosen flavonoids showed a strong binding affinity, indicating that
all of them impede the human PKM2 enzyme and have the potential to be used as cancer treatment alternatives.
The Metabolism Study of Oleraisoquinoline in Rats Using Ultrahigh-
performance Liquid Chromatography-electrospray Coupled with
Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry and its Bioactivities
Authors: Liu Peishan , Sun Rui , Tian Jiayin , He Fan , Ying Xixiang
Published: August 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the main metabolites and metabolic pathways
of oleraisoquinoline in rats, a new alkaloid isolated from Portulaca oleracea L., and test its
antioxidation and anticholinesterase effects.

Methods:

Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray coupled with quadrupole
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS) was applied to study the metabolism
of oleraisoquinoline. Furthermore, 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl assay and modified Ellman’s
method were used to test the antioxidation and anticholinesterase effects of oleraisoquinoline, respectively.

Results:

The metabolism results of oleraisoquinoline showed, after its administration through the
tail vein of rats, 4 metabolites in the plasma samples, 17 metabolites in the urine sample, and 2
metabolites in the feces sample. The main metabolic pathways were hydrolyzation, oxidation,
hydroxylation, sulfonation, glucuronidation, acetylation, and methylation. Additionally, IC50
values of antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities were 13.819 ± 0.005 μM and 10.551 ±
0.069 μM, respectively.

Conclusion:

21 metabolites were found in the rat’s plasma, urine, and feces samples, and the metabolic
pathways included hydrolyzation, oxidation, hydroxylation, sulfonation, glucuronidation,
acetylation, and methylation; among them, sulfonation was the main metabolic reaction. Meanwhile,
oleraisoquinoline also showed extremely good antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities.
Incidence and Severity of Adverse Drug Reactions in Medical Intensive
Care Unit
Authors: Shaikh Sana , Raut Asawari , Jambhale Prajkta , Iyer Shivkumar , Shah Jignesh
Published: August 2023

Background:

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) curtail patients’ quality of life by virtue of
increasing therapeutic complexity and rising multimorbidity. In India, the frequency of ADRs for
individual drugs and their economic burdens are rarely evaluated. This study aimed at identifying
the incidence and severity of ADRs leading to hospitalization (ADRA) and occurring during a hospital
stay (ADRH).

Objective:

The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence the incidence and severity of
ADRs in the ICU and their impact on the duration of hospitalization, along with the cost incurred
to treat ADRs in the ICU.

Methods:

Demographic, clinical, and pharmacological data on patients admitted to the ICU were
collected, analyzed and evaluated for ADRs. According to the setting analyzed, a descriptive analysis
of the reactions, suspected medicines, and associated factors was undertaken.

Results:

A total of 208 patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period, of which ADRA
contributed 9.1% of the incidence rate and 8.1% of ADRH in 36 patients. Males had a higher incidence
of ADRs than females. Patients who had ADRs had a substantially longer length of stay than
those who did not. Electrolyte disturbance was the most commonly found ADR. According to the
Hartwig scale and WHO-causality scale, 88.9% were moderate, and 97.2% were possible ADRs,
respectively.

Conclusion:

In this study, a similar incidence rate of ADRA and ADRH was observed. The average
cost for treating ADRA was higher than that for treating ADRH. As a result, identifying and
preventing these reactions is critical, as they cause the patient greater suffering.
A Metric to Characterize Differentially Methylated Region Sets Detected
from Methylation Array Data
Authors: Peng Xiaoqing , Cui Wanxin , Zhang Wenjin , Li Zihao , Zhu Xiaoshu , Yuan Ling , Li Ji
Published: August 2023

Background:

Identifying differentially methylated region (DMR) is a basic but important task
in epigenomics, which can help investigate the mechanisms of diseases and provide methylation biomarkers
for screening diseases. A set of methods have been proposed to identify DMRs from methylation
array data. However, it lacks effective metrics to characterize different DMR sets and enable a
straight way for comparison.

Methods:

In this study, we introduce a metric, DMRn, to characterize DMR sets detected by different
methods from methylation array data. To calculate DMRn, firstly, the methylation differences of DMRs
are recalculated by incorporating the correlations between probes and their represented CpGs. Then,
DMRn is calculated based on the number of probes and the dense of CpGs in DMRs with methylation
differences falling in each interval.

Result & Discussion:

By comparing the DMRn of DMR sets predicted by seven methods on four scenario,
the results demonstrate that DMRn can make an efficient guidance for selecting DMR sets, and provide
new insights in cancer genomics studies by comparing the DMR sets from the related pathological
states. For example, there are many regions with subtle methylation alteration in subtypes of prostate
cancer are altered oppositely in the benign state, which may indicate a possible revision mechanism in
benign prostate cancer.

Conclusion:

Futhermore, when applied to datasets that underwent different runs of batch effect removal,
the DMRn can help to visualize the bias introduced by multi-runs of batch effect removal. The tool for
calculating DMRn is available in the GitHub repository(https://github.com/xqpeng/DMRArrayMetric).
NMDA Receptors in the Rat Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus
Reduce the Naloxone-induced Morphine Withdrawal
Authors: Babaei Fatemeh , Kourosh-Arami Masoumeh , Farhadi Mona
Published: August 2023

Background:

NMDA receptors have a significant role in the development of opioid physical
dependence. Evidence demonstrated that a drug of abuse enhances neuronal excitability in the Paraventricular
Nucleus (PVT). The current research studied whether blocking NMDA receptors through
the administration of MK801 in the PVT nucleus could affect the development of Morphine (Mor) dependence
and hence the behavioral indices induced by morphine withdrawal in rats.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used. For induction of drug dependence, we injected
Mor subcutaneously (s.c.) (6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, and 66 mg/kg, 2 ml/kg) at an interval of 24
hours for 7 days. Animals were divided into two groups in which the NMDA receptor antagonist,
MK801 (20 mM in 0.1 ml), or its vehicle were applied into the PVT nucleus for 7 days before each
Mor administration. On day 8, after injection of naloxone (Nal, 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), withdrawal behaviors
were checked for 25 min.

Results:

The current results demonstrated that the blockade of the NMDA receptor in the PVT nucleus
significantly increased withdrawal behaviors provoked by the application of Nal in morphinedependent
(Mor-d) rats.

Conclusion:

We concluded that the NMDA receptor in the PVT nucleus changes the development of
Mor dependence.
The Number of Antiseizure Medications Taken and not the Lipid Profile
was Associated with Seizure Control in Adult Patients with Epilepsy
Authors: Leandro-Merhi Vania Aparecida , de Almeida Souza Tedrus Glória Maria , de Moraes Giovanna Gigolotti Jacober , Ravelli Michele Novaes
Published: August 2023

Previous studies show changes in lipid metabolism in epilepsy. The aim of this study was to
investigate the association between lipid profile and clinical variables in adult patients with epilepsy
(APE). Seventy-two APE participated in this pilot study at an outpatient neurology service. The lipid
profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, very-low-density lipoproteins
(VLDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides), age at disease onset,
disease duration, seizures frequency, and the number of antiseizure medications (ASM) used were
investigated. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square, Fisher, Mann-Whitney, Spearman coefficient,
and logistic regression tests. There were significant differences in HDL (p = 0.0023) and total cholesterol
(p = 0.0452) levels in connection with the number of ASM used. There was a significant difference
in seizure control among the different numbers of ASM used (p = 0.0382). Higher HDL values
were found in females (p = 0.0170). The logistic regression showed that only the number of ASM used
was associated with seizure control (p = 0.0408; OR = 2.800; 95% CI = 1.044; 7.509). The number of
ASM taken and not the lipid profile was associated with seizure control in APE.
Croton cajucara: Patents and Nanotechnological Advances
Authors: Lima Laís Rocha , da Silva Júnior Francisco Lopes , Arcanjo Daniel Dias Rufino , Medeiros Maciel Maria Aparecida
Published: August 2023

Croton cajucara Benth showed several pharmacological properties such as: antiinflammatory,
antinociceptive hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, antiulcer, antiestrogenic, antitumor, antigenotoxic,
antimutagenic, and cardiovascular. The 19-nor-clerodane diterpene transdehydrocrotonin
(t-DCTN or DCTN) is the major bioactive constituent extracted from the bark of this
Croton. Patents for Croton cajucara Benth in the period 2015 to 2022 comprises 14 published documents.
Among them 4 patents are colloidal systems (SM/SNEDDS) loading t-DCTN for pharmacological
applications. Patent registrations highlighted the huge promising biotechnological potential of
Croton cajucara Benth especially in the phytotherapy field, and the correlation with its bioactive constituents
of which t-DCTN showed the foremost results, so this herbal could become an alternative in
the treatment of COVID-19. However, investigation of more recently published patents for clerodane
diterpenes with similar chemical structure of t-DCTN, who previously showed antiviral property must
be carried out and should be searched on several patent data bases.
Design and Synthesis of Circular Antenna Array for Low Side Lobe Level and High Directivity using Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Harbinder
Published: August 2023

Background:

Circular antenna arrays are widely used in 5G, IoT, and beamforming applications
of next-generation communications, however attaining the subsidiary lobes along with
directivity is still a challenge. The array parameters could be estimated in real-time using a variety
of standard approaches, but these methods would tends to lag in maintaining appropriate directivity
and even a low side lobe level.

Methods:

To suppress the subsidiary lobe, achieve the required primary lobe direction, and enhance
directivity, an optimization problem is applied in this study. Also with the circular antenna array
problem, an artificial hummingbird algorithm (AHA) is used to accurately determine the regulating
parameters.

Results:

Simulations are performed, and the outcomes are analyzed with those achieved using other
accepted techniques. The results indicated that the artificial hummingbird technique significantly
reduces side lobes while preserving acceptable directivity

Conclusion:

In this work based on the dimensional analysis, it is also possible to achieve high directivity
values alongside low side lobe levels using reduced antenna elements.
Green Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Guardia Miguel de la , Armenta Sergio , Esteve-Turrillas Francesc A. , Garrigues Salvador
Published: August 2023

Food analysis demands are mandatory from quality, safety, and
authentication point of view, and there is an increase in analytical activity in both the
control laboratory and research and development. This chapter presents the current
state-of-the-art of Green Analytical Chemistry and its main strategies for improving the
sustainability of analytical methods, reducing their environmental impact, and offering
solutions to the needs that arise from food analysis. Direct analysis is presented as the
ideal method that avoids the use of solvents or reagents and the generation of waste.
Miniaturization, automation, and the use of sustainable solvents, in addition to reducing
energy consumption, are the basic strategies that allow us to achieve the objectives of
Green Analytical Chemistry. The reduction of single-use plastic laboratory material
and their waste has also been considered an objective for analytical method greenness.
Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE)
Authors: Álvarez Alarcon Natalie , Ortiz-Ramírez Juan S. , Ortega-Barbosa Jenny P. , Ballesteros-Vivas Diego , Rodríguez-Varela Luis I. , Parada Alfonso Fabián
Published: August 2023

 Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is regarded as an emergent extraction
technique; it is an appropriate tool to obtain green extracts from foods or related
samples. Studies on the content of contaminants in foods or food raw materials can be
carried out by PLE. In the same way, studies on the obtention of bioactive extracts
from classic and emerging foods and their by-products can be carried out by PLE too.
Besides sequential process combinations of PLE with other innovative extraction
techniques could generate benefits for the food industry. The objective of this chapter
is to clearly define the role that this technique plays in food analysis, as well as the
updated spectrum of some of its applications during the last lustrum.
High Hydrostatic Pressure: A Green Extraction Technique for Food and Pharmaceutical Industries
Authors: Murat Altuner Ergin
Published: August 2023

High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) is a green extraction method, which finds
several uses in different branches of science. HHP is a novel non-thermal technique
mostly used in food processing. The “high pressure” in HHP states an ultra-high cold
isostatic hydraulic pressure, which processes basically at low or mild process
temperatures (<45 °C) ranging between 100 and 800 MPa. In some applications, this
pressure can extend up to 1000 MPa. In food processing, there are several purposes for
using HHP, such as sterilizing, coagulating, and gelatinizing food samples.
Alternatively, HHP has many remarkable uses in some branches of science besides
food processing. This chapter aims to present the capabilities of HHP as a green
extraction technique in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Point of Interest Recommendation via Tensor Factorization
Authors: Roy Shreya , Majumder Abhishek , Sarkar Joy Lal
Published: August 2023

In the recent era, recommendation systems have marked their footsteps and have changed the way of the travel industry. The recommendation system deals with massive amounts of data to identify users’ interests, making the location search easier. Many methods have been used so far for making predictions much more desirable regarding users’ interests by collecting Information from a large set of other users. The main objective of this paper is to show various methods and techniques used for generating recommendations. These recommendation processes are classified into different forms, such as traditional methods and tensor-based methods. A brief review of these methods was described with the help of some challenges faced by the recommendation system. Apart from that, the advantages and disadvantages are discussed, along with the highlights of future directions.
Mewujudkan Livable City: Persepsi Tentang Ruang Terbuka yang Aman dan Tidak Aman di Kota Bandung
Authors:   Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Kusuma Yudhistira , Aryanti Tutin ,   Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Megayanti Trias ,   Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Published: August 2023

The Bandung City Government strives to create a comfortable city space for its citizens. Preliminary studies show that not all city residents use city parks. This study aims to explore the perception of city residents about the safety of public spaces in Bandung City. The research was conducted by combining quantitative methods using questionnaires with qualitative methods through observation and documentation of places that were considered the safest and least safe from the results of the questionnaire. The results showed that places that are considered safe have an excellent level of neatness and cleanliness, equipped with street and garden furniture devices, large pedestrian areas, and attractive to be photo spots. Places that are perceived as unsafe are places that lack clear use and function, have a poor level of service, and are in areas that have low visibility. Recommendations for the redesign of unsafe places are presented by integrating built environment principles that can tackle crime.
Strategi Pengembangan Wisata Edukasi pada Candi Sambisari di Kabupaten Sleman
Authors:   Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Putri Pipiet Arini , Giriwati Novi Sunu Sri ,   Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Yusran Yusfan Adeputera ,   Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Santosa Herry ,   Departemen Arsitektur, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2023

There is a shift in tourist interest in an environmentally friendly tour, including interest in educational tourism. Tourists are more interested in natural scenery and the lack of interest in historical tourism is an obstacle for Sambisari Temple, especially if it is seen as a site of historical and cultural value, Sambisari Temple has the potential to be developed into educational tourism. This study aims to recommend educational tourism development strategies in educational tourism of Sambisari Temple. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive techniques on the potential of Sambisari Temple. In the next stage, a SWOT analysis is carried out. The result is that the development strategy can be carried out by conducting periodic checks on buildings and areas around the temple, especially during the rainy season, involving tourists in the learning process in making tour packages, providing space for tourists to explore attractions accompanied by a tour guide, promoting temple educational tours through websites or social media, establishing more intensive cooperation and collaboration with the government, improve the quality and quantity of visitor facilities, create a mini museum and other supporting facilities such as ATMs in the Sambisari Temple complex.
Identification of Risk Groups for and Factors Affecting Metabolic Syndrome in South Korean Single-Person Households Using Latent Class Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques: Secondary Analysis Study
Authors: Lee Ji-Soo , Lee Soo-Kyoung
Published: August 2023

Background

The rapid increase of single-person households in South Korea is leading to an increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome, which causes cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, due to lifestyle changes. It is necessary to analyze the complex effects of metabolic syndrome risk factors in South Korean single-person households, which differ from one household to another, considering the diversity of single-person households.

Objective

This study aimed to identify the factors affecting metabolic syndrome in single-person households using machine learning techniques and categorically characterize the risk factors through latent class analysis (LCA).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included 10-year secondary data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009-2018). We selected 1371 participants belonging to single-person households. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 25.0; IBM Corp), Mplus (version 8.0; Muthen & Muthen), and Python (version 3.0; Plone & Python). We applied 4 machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and extreme gradient boost) to identify important factors and then applied LCA to categorize the risk groups of metabolic syndromes in single-person households.

Results

Through LCA, participants were classified into 4 groups (group 1: intense physical activity in early adulthood, group 2: hypertension among middle-aged female respondents, group 3: smoking and drinking among middle-aged male respondents, and group 4: obesity and abdominal obesity among middle-aged respondents). In addition, age, BMI, obesity, subjective body shape recognition, alcohol consumption, smoking, binge drinking frequency, and job type were investigated as common factors that affect metabolic syndrome in single-person households through machine learning techniques. Group 4 was the most susceptible and at-risk group for metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 17.67, 95% CI 14.5-25.3; P<.001), and obesity and abdominal obesity were the most influential risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions

This study identified risk groups and factors affecting metabolic syndrome in single-person households through machine learning techniques and LCA. Through these findings, customized interventions for each generational risk factor for metabolic syndrome can be implemented, leading to the prevention of metabolic syndrome, which causes cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In conclusion, this study contributes to the prevention of metabolic syndrome in single-person households by providing new insights and priority groups for the development of customized interventions using classification.
Impact of a Combined Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Digital Health Solution on Glucose Metrics and Self-Management Behavior for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Real-World, Observational Study
Authors: Kumbara Abhimanyu B , Iyer Anand K , Green Courtney R , Jepson Lauren H , Leone Keri , Layne Jennifer E , Shomali Mansur
Published: August 2023

Background

The BlueStar (Welldoc) digital health solution for people with diabetes incorporates data from multiple devices and generates coaching messages using artificial intelligence. The BlueStar app syncs glucose data from the G6 (Dexcom) real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system, which provides a glucose measurement every 5 minutes.

Objective

The objective of this real-world study of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using the digital health solution and RT-CGM was to evaluate change in glycemic control and engagement with the program over 3 months.

Methods

Participants were current or former enrollees in an employer-sponsored health plan, were aged 18 years or older, had a T2D diagnosis, and were not using prandial insulin. Outcomes included CGM-based glycemic metrics and engagement with the BlueStar app, including logging medications taken, exercise, food details, blood pressure, weight, and hours of sleep.

Results

Participants in the program that met our analysis criteria (n=52) were aged a mean of 53 (SD 9) years; 37% (19/52) were female and approximately 50% (25/52) were taking diabetes medications. The RT-CGM system was worn 90% (SD 8%) of the time over 3 months. Among individuals with suboptimal glycemic control at baseline, defined as mean glucose >180 mg/dL, clinically meaningful improvements in glycemic control were observed, including reductions in a glucose management indicator (–0.8 percentage points), time above range 181-250 mg/dL (–4.4 percentage points) and time above range >250 mg/dL (–14 percentage points; all P<.05). Time in range 70-180 mg/dL also increased by 15 percentage points (P=.016) in this population, which corresponds to an increase of approximately 3.5 hours per day in the target range. Over the 3-month study, 29% (15/52) of participants completed at least one engagement activity per week. Medication logging was completed most often by participants (23/52, 44%) at a rate of 12.1 (SD 0.8) events/week, and this was closely followed by exercise and food logging.

Conclusions

The combination of an artificial intelligence–powered digital health solution and RT-CGM helped people with T2D improve their glycemic outcomes and diabetes self-management behaviors.
Black Emasculated Patriarchy
Authors: Tomlin Carol , Mapfumo Ericcson T. , Mocombe Paul C.
Published: August 2023

This article posits that the shift from industrial capitalism to postindustrial capitalism in the West has led to what Mocombe deems emasculated and feminine patriarchy, the assumption of patriarchal norms by the state, its ideological apparatuses, queers, and women (given the feminization and queerification of the postindustrial workplace) from individual men whose masculinity is no longer associated with being producer and provider as it was under industrial capitalism; instead, they have been interpellated and embourgeoised, like their female counterparts, to define their masculinity as sensitive entrepreneurs, consumers, and or service workers. Black men in this social structure are, paradoxically, emasculated and hyper-masculinized. The former, given their poverty and under-education in the postindustrial social structure they are unable to assume the service-worker, consumer, and entrepreneur emasculated identity required to recursively organize and reproduce their being-in-the-world; the latter, the entertainment industry and athletic domain have become the spheres they are relegated to where their hyper-masculinity is overemphasized as means to the emasculated identity.
Design and FEM-based Analysis of Wheel Rims
Authors: Shalom N. , Rabin R. , Abinesh A. J. , EA Abi Sam , Roshan Aadith. B.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The automobile wheel rim's main function is to offer a stable surface on which to mount the tyre. Its size and design should be appropriate to fit the specific tyre that the vehicle needs. This project takes into consideration a tyre for an automobile wheel rim that falls within the disc wheel category. Design is a significant industrial process that affects the product's quality. With the aid of the modelling programme Solidworks, the wheel rim is created. The time required to create intricate 3-D models and the risk associated with the design and production process may both be significantly reduced through modelling. In order to represent the wheel rim, solidworks is used. Later, for analytical purposes, this model is loaded into ANSYS. The most recent programme utilised for modelling the various forces operating on the component, as well as for computing and visualising the results, is called ANSYS. In contrast to the approach of doing mathematical calculations by a human, ANSYS software's solver mode calculates the stresses, deflections, strain, and their relationships without the need for user involvement, saving time. When doing static analysis, ANSYS takes into account four distinct materials: structural steel, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy.
Optimizing Infill Parameters for Improved Mechanical Performance and Cost Savings in Additive Manufacturing
Authors: ARIKAN Volkan
Published: August 2023

In this study, compression tests were performed on the samples produced with PLA filament with different infill parameters and infill densities by additive manufacturing method and their mechanical performances & static energy absorption capabilities were evaluated. According to the results obtained, it was determined that the samples with triangular and tri-hexagonal infill parameters performed better and it has been shown that time, material and energy can be saved without losing materials mechanical performance.