bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self Adaptive Fuzzy Controller for Supplementary Oxygen Supply to the Respiratory Distress Patients
Authors: Naskar I. , Pal A. K.
Published: September 2022

In this paper, respiratory irregularities of humans are investigated, and a self Adaptive Fuzzy Logic-based Proportional plus Derivative Controller (AFLPDC) is designed to provide a controlled supply of oxygen to the patient, suffering from breathlessness. The Fuzzy Logic-based Proportional plus Derivative Controller (FLPDC) is tuned, by implementing an adaptive scheme, which provides desired control action according to the process parameter variations. The electrical equivalent model of the respiratory system is developed, and the model is validated with the help of a Spirometer and MATLAB System Identification Toolbox. To build up this model, the respiratory tract is well thought out into four sections: the nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and finally, the alveolar sacs. Each of these sections is represented as a series of combinations of Resistance, Inductance, and Compliance. The control capability of the proposed AFLPDC is investigated on the derived respiratory model. The supply of the desired level of supplemental oxygen by AFLPDC to the patients suffering from the diseases like Bronchitis and Emphysema during respiratory dysfunction is observed in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment without human intervention. The response revealed by AFLPDC is compared with the responses of the conventional PD controller and the Fuzzy Logic-based PD controller (FLPDC).
Estrategias socioculturales y ambientales integradas para el fomento del turismo de naturaleza. Caraño Caquetá Colombia
Authors: García Capdevilla Diana Alí , López de Parra Lillyam López de P , Balanta Martínez Víctor Julio
Published: September 2022

En el contexto actual, el sector turismo ha sido uno de los más afectados como consecuencia de la pandemia del coronavirus. Es así que esta investigación plantea como objetivo proponer estrategias socioculturales y ambientales para el fomento del turismo de naturaleza en el Caraño Caquetá Colombia, con la intención de aportar a esta comunidad del territorio y lograr que pueda replicarse a otras. La investigación es de tipo mixto, carácter exploratorio y se emplea el método estudio de caso. La población objetivo fueron 478 habitantes (96 familias) del corregimiento. La muestra fue de 77 familias y se extrajo mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Las técnicas implementadas para la recolección de los datos fueron: la encuesta y la entrevista semi-estructurada. Para el análisis, se hizo la triangulación de datos y el análisis de contenido. Es así como se identifican las estrategias socioculturales y ambientales para el fomento del turismo de naturaleza
Generasi Milenial di Media Sosial: Antisipasi Terhadap Arus Radikalisme
Authors: Kholifah Latif Nur , Sari Maula
Published: September 2022

Abstrak

Generasi milenial saat ini semakin harus lebih selektif dalam mengambil informasi karena tindakan radikalisme semakin mudah diakses dalam sosial media. Melihat banyaknya kaum milenial yang terjerumus dalam tindakan radikalisme ini. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hal apa saja yang harus dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi sikap radikalisme dari sosial media. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini ialah Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kajian pustaka atau library research dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Metode ini menyajikan beragam data dan fakta dalam sejumlah literatur, baik yang sifatnya primer maupun sekunder. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengeksplorasi data melalui buku-buku referensi, jurnal, dan data-data di sosial media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara pengantisipasian generasi milenial terhadap radikalisme ialah; Sadari bahwa Islam itu harmonis, Mengenali makna jihad, Tidak ada jaminan manusia bunuh diri itu masuk surga, Kenali hadis dan ayat al-Qur’an secara bijaksana di media sosial.
Pre-School Religious Education In Turkey During The Change Process Of Religious Education Policies (Example Of Quran Courses For 4-6 Years)
Authors: GÜMRÜKÇÜOĞLU Süleyman , GENÇ Muhammet Fatih , UDDIN Ahm Ershad
Published: September 2022

Quran Courses for 4-6-year-olds aim to contribute to children's mental development by supporting their religious and moral development. From 1923 to 2014, when the Republic was founded, preschool religious education was not provided in Turkey. Since 2014, these courses, opened under the Directorate of Religious Affairs, have gained widespread popularity throughout the country. There seem to be difficulties opening ways to such a field of courses, such as a lack of qualified teachers, curriculums, and physical spaces. To address these issues, changes are being made to bring the curriculum up to date and upgrade and improve teacher qualifications; additionally, there are ongoing discussions about improving the quality of preschool religious education in tandem with the growing number of students following the general curriculum. By scanning studies on 4-6 Age Quran Courses, which have emerged as a new field in religious education in Turkey, this study aims to reveal the problems that arise in terms of how to establish such courses, the competence of the teachers, the appropriateness of their curriculum, and physical spaces. As a result of the research, it was seen that the teachers working in these schools had pedagogical deficiencies. There were shortcomings in the curriculum, and the text, activity books, and schools were structurally inadequate. In this context, proposals have been presented to increase the quality of these schools.
Business Model Innovation through customer co-creation – a literature overview
Authors: Tahiri Shabnam
Published: September 2022

Today's world is extremely fast moving, and customer requirements as well as the customer expectations are changing unpredictably day by day. Firms need to continuously innovate their business model in order to keep up with the dynamic environment. All these changes affect the role of the customer in the supply chain and the relationships between partners, customers, and companies. Furthermore, it disrupts firms' strategies as well as their organizational structures, which forces companies to transform digitally as soon as possible. To respond to these changes and to remain competitive, firms need to adapt their existing business models and create value in new ways. To meet the new requirements, firms need to stay closer to their customers and identify new opportunities by creating value together with the customer (customer co-creation). This process can be supported by the digitalization and the usage of digital technologies, such as Big Data, Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of the combined research areas business model innovation and customer co-creation. A literature review has been performed to explore the emerging and undiscovered new field. Especially in the customer-centric, digital world, the value creation together with the customer plays a major role. Based on the literature future research avenues are identified and introduced.
Fear of negative evaluation in a university population: The connections of body image, and social anxiety
Authors: Martins Segun- , Opeyemi Ibironke
Published: September 2022

This study was a cross-sectional survey design that examined the connections of body image and perceived social anxiety as predictors of Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE) in a university population in Nigeria. Using accidental sampling technique,two hundred and forty-five (245) students were selected from Adekunle Ajasin University Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. The participants comprised of 120 [50.6%] males and 117 [49.4%] females. The participants age range from 16 to 34 years, [Mean = SD 22.42; =3.045]. FNE was measured by using Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale, version 2 (BFNE-II), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8C), and social anxiety was measured using social phobia inventory (SPIN). The result revealed that body shape significantly predicted fear of negative evaluation among undergraduates [β= .03, t= .53, p > .05]. The result showed that social anxiety significantly predicted fear of negative evaluation among undergraduates [β= .51, t= 8.59, p < .01]. Also, body image, and social anxiety jointly significantly predicts fear of negative evaluation among undergraduates [F (2, 242) = 46.63, R = .53, R2= .23, p <.01]. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that, the Nigerian government through the Ministry of Education, in conjunction with National Universities Commission (NUC), as well as other stakeholders should inculcate psychological interventions programmes in school curriculum to expose students to coping strategies and managing fear of negative evaluation.
The Politics of Yehuda Amichai's Aesthetic Camouflage: Jerusalem and the Settler-Colonial Gaze
Authors: Odeh Tayseer Abu
Published: September 2022

Drawing on the notion of aesthetic camouflage the uses and abuses of memory and forgetfulness, this article seeks to examine and interrogate the ways in which Israel’s ‘national poet’ Yehuda Amichai (born ‘Ludwig Pfeuffer’, 1924–2000) relies heavily on the imperialist Zionist ideology to justify and legitimise the settler-colonial existence of Israel from a European and Zionist hegemonic perspective. The postcolonial image of Jerusalem, as mystified by Amichai’s poetry, signifies an apolitical and ahistorical Orientalist image of Jerusalem as being ‘a troubled sacred and mythical city’ claimed by clashing monolithic religions including Islam, Judaism, and Christianity. In other words, the systematic and historical absence of Palestinian people in Amichai’s poetry is ostensibly bound up with what Edward Said calls ‘the functional absence of ‘native people’ in Palestine’.
Understanding the Impact of Conflict on Risk Perceptions and Travel Behaviour: Attitudes of Dutch Pilgrims and Tourists towards Palestine
Authors: Isaac Rami K.
Published: September 2022

This research aims to get a better understanding of the impact of conflict on risk perceptions and attitudes of affecting Dutch travel behaviour towards Palestine. The research process involved an online self-administered method created with one of the leading research and web-based survey tools called Qualtrics. The questionnaire was filled in by 462 respondents. Findings indicate that Palestine is perceived as an unsafe destination to travel to. Palestine is perceived as moderately appealing as a holiday destination. The weather, price, culture, and religious features are seen as important factors which are appealing to Palestine as a holiday destination. The respondents who had past travel experiences in Palestine the most were likely to revisit the destination. The advice given by friends and relatives is seen as the most trustworthy information source. Traveling with an organised tour and traveling in a group are seen as the most effective risk reduction strategies which can be applied during the trip and, therefore, could have implications for Destination Management Organisations.
Heteroseksüel Gençlerin Flört Şiddetine Yönelik Söylemleri
Authors: Şah Umut , Çimen Olga
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yaşayan heteroseksüel gençlerin flört şiddetine dair konuşmalarına kaynaklık eden “açıklayıcı repertuarlar”ın ve konuşmalar esnasında ortaya çıkan “ideolojik ikilemler”in incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını 18-30 yaş aralığında 8 kadın ve 7 erkek oluşturmaktadır. Her bir katılımcıyla bireysel olmak üzere toplamda 15 ayrı görüşme yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazına kaydedilmiş, bilgisayar ortamında yazılı hale dönüştürülmüş ve metinler söylem analizi ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda; “gelenek”, “biyolojik yapı”, “sevgi” ve “ilişkinin doğası” olmak üzere olmak üzere dört açıklayıcı repertuara ulaşılmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, “şiddet kabul edilemez/kabul edilebilir şiddet” şeklinde adlandırabileceğimiz bir ideolojik ikilemin söz konusu olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgulara genel olarak bakıldığında, geleneksel toplumsal cinsiyet normlarına dayalı beklentilerin karşılanmamasının flört şiddetinin sebebi olarak görülebildiği, şiddete meşruiyet kazandırabildiği ve partnerlerin ‘sevgi’yi sorgulamasına neden olabildiği görülmektedir. Söz konusu toplumsal cinsiyet normlarıyla bağlantılı olarak, katılımcılar ‘romantik ilişkinin doğası ve gereklilikleri’, ‘insanın ve/veya erkeğin biyolojik/doğal yapısı’ ve/veya ‘sevgi’ üzerinden flört ilişkilerinde görülen şiddeti olağanlaştırabilmekte, meşrulaştırmakta ve/veya şiddetin varlığını kabul etmeyebilmektedirler.
Ölümcül Babalar: Yalçın Tosun Öykülerinde Babalık Performansları
Authors: Barutçu Atilla
Published: September 2022

Çağdaş yazının önemli öykü yazarlarından Yalçın Tosun, öykülerinde pek çok farklı kimliğe yer vererek toplumda üzerine çok düşünülmeyen veya düşünülmesi istenmeyen durumları, olayları ve ilişkileri doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak okuyucuya aktarır. Bu makale, Tosun’un yayınlanmış beş öykü kitabında olay örgüsünün merkezinde baba olan veya olay örgüsünün kırılma anlarında babanın etki ettiği öyküleri incelemekte, bu öykülerdeki babalık performanslarını ve bu performansların şekillendirdiği baba-çocuk ilişkilerini analiz etmektedir. Öykülerde babalığa dair öne çıkan temaları şiddet, nesil çatışması, suskunluk/yokluk ve homofobi başlıkları altında sınıflandırarak ele almakta ve babalık performanslarını Türkiye’de yapılmış babalık araştırmalarıyla paralel okuma girişiminde bulunmaktadır.
Siberfeminizm Çerçevesinde Yeni Medyada Kadın Gazeteciler Üzerine Bir Araştırma
Authors: Kiraz Demir Selin
Published: September 2022

Yeni medya mecraları, iletişim süreçlerinin en önemli aşamalarından biri olan geri bildirimleri en gerçek ve en hızlı haliyle kaynağa sunması bakımından son dönemde oldukça tercih edilir hale gelmiştir. Bugün, özellikle YouTube gibi platformların güncel izleme pratiklerini dönüştürdüğü söylenebilir. Fakat bu mecralarda yayınlanan videolar, içeriği ne olursa olsun, izleyicinin kendi kimliğini gizleme imkânı da sunduğundan ve herhangi bir sansür mekanizması bulunmadığından yapılan yorumlarda toplumsal cinsiyete dayalı cinsiyetçi söylemleri daha kolay yayılabilir hale de getirebilmektedir. Çalışmada, yapımcı Armağan Çağlayan’ın YouTube’da yayınlamak üzere hazırlayıp sunduğu Gör Beni adlı programında kadın gazeteci Nevşin Mengü’nün konuk olduğu bölüme yapılan yorumlar, toplumsal cinsiyet perspektifinden içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Cinsiyete yönelik söylemlerde erkek ya da kadın kullanıcıların oranları, kullanıcıların kimliklerini açık olarak kullanıp kullanmadıkları, cinsiyetçi söylemin bir hakaret ya da bilinçsiz bir övgü unsuru olarak kullanılması da araştırmaya dahil edilen konular arasındadır. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular, kadın gazetecilere yönelik cinsiyetçi söylemlerin korumacı ya da düşmanca devam ettiğini ve toplumsal cinsiyet konusundaki kalıp yargıların henüz tam anlamıyla önüne geçilemediğini göstermiştir. Ayrıca bulgular, araştırmaya dahil edilen örneklemin kamuoyundaki algısının da önemli bir etken olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu araştırmanın, yeni medya mecralarında yayınlanan içerikler aracılığıyla kadın gazetecilerin maruz kaldığı cinsiyetçi söylemlerin kaynakları ve yaklaşımlar konusunda bir perspektif sunabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Toplumsal Cinsiyet, Kadın Gazeteciler, Yeni Medyada Kadın
Edukasi Mitigasi Bencana Meningkatkan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Masyarakat Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi
Authors: Langitan Rosamey Elleke , Agusrianto Agusrianto , Oktavia Dwi Sintia , Manggasa Dafrosia Darmi
Published: September 2022

Sulawesi Tengah merupakan daerah rawan gempa termasuk Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una dengan riwayat gempa 6,0 magnitudo. Desa Tete B  salah satu desa yang mengalami dampak akibat gempa tersebut. Masyarakat panik, cemas, berhamburan keluar rumah dan mengungsi ke pegunungan. Masyarakat belum mengetahui tindakan mitigasi bencana. Kegiatan pengabdian masyakat bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyakat tentang mitigasi bencana gempa bumi, dengan sasaran masyakart di desa Tete. Metode pengabdian yaitu edukasi dan demonstrasi, hasil kegiatan menunjukkan 80% masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang mitigasi bencana setelah dilakukan edukasi dan mampu mendemonstrasikan tindakan mitigasi bencana. Saran bagi pemerintah setempat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat dalam menghadapi bencana melalui kegiatan edukasi dan simulasi secara berkala dengan melibatkan seluruh elemen masyarakat
Biohybrid elastin-like venous valve with potential for in situ tissue engineering
Authors: González-Pérez Fernando , Acosta Sergio , Rütten Stephan , Emonts Caroline , Kopp Alexander , Henke Heinz-Werner , Bruners Philipp , Gries Thomas , Rodríguez-Cabello J. Carlos , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Fernández-Colino Alicia
Published: September 2022

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a leading vascular disease whose clinical manifestations include varicose veins, edemas, venous ulcers, and venous hypertension, among others. Therapies targeting this medical issue are scarce, and so far, no single venous valve prosthesis is clinically available. Herein, we have designed a bi-leaflet transcatheter venous valve that consists of (i) elastin-like recombinamers, (ii) a textile mesh reinforcement, and (iii) a bioabsorbable magnesium stent structure. Mechanical characterization of the resulting biohybrid elastin-like venous valves (EVV) showed an anisotropic behavior equivalent to the native bovine saphenous vein valves and mechanical strength suitable for vascular implantation. The EVV also featured minimal hemolysis and platelet adhesion, besides actively supporting endothelialization in vitro, thus setting the basis for its application as an in situ tissue engineering implant. In addition, the hydrodynamic testing in a pulsatile bioreactor demonstrated excellent hemodynamic valve performance, with minimal regurgitation (<10%) and pressure drop (<5 mmHg). No stagnation points were detected and an in vitro simulated transcatheter delivery showed the ability of the venous valve to withstand the implantation procedure. These results present a promising concept of a biohybrid transcatheter venous valve as an off-the-shelf implant, with great potential to provide clinical solutions for CVI treatment.
The roles of the tumor suppressor parafibromin in cancer
Authors: Zheng Hua-chuan , Xue Hang , Zhang Cong-yu
Published: September 2022

In this review, we discuss parafibromin protein, which is encoded by CDC73. A mutation in this gene causes hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor (HPT-JT) syndrome, an autosomal dominant disease. CDC73 is transcriptionally downregulated by the Wilms’ tumor suppressor gene WT1 and translationally targeted by miR-182-3p and miR-155. In the nucleus, parafibromin binds to RNA polymerase II and PAF1 complex for transcription. Parafibromin transcriptionally increases the expression of c-Myc, decreases CPEB1 expression by interacting with H3M4, and reduces cyclin D1 expression by binding to H3K9. The RNF20/RNF40/parafibromin complex induces monoubiquitination of H2B-K120, and SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of parafibromin promotes the parafibromin/β-catenin interaction and induces the expression of Wnt target genes, which is blocked by PTK6-medidated phosphorylation. Parafibromin physically associates with the CPSF and CstF complexes that are essential for INTS6 mRNA maturation. In the cytosol, parafibromin binds to hSki8 and eEF1Bγ for the destabilization of p53 mRNA, to JAK1/2-STAT1 for STAT1 phosphorylation, and to actinin-2/3 to bundle/cross-link actin filaments. Mice with CDC73 knockout in the parathyroid develop parathyroid and uterine tumors and are used as a model for HPT-JT syndrome. Conditional deletion of CDC73 in mesenchymal progenitors results in embryos with agenesis of the heart and liver while its abrogation in mature osteoblasts and osteocytes increases cortical and trabecular bone. Heterozygous germline mutations in CDC73 are associated with parathyroid carcinogenesis. The rates of CDC73 mutation and parafibromin loss decrease from parathyroid adenoma to atypical adenoma to carcinoma. In addition, down-regulated parafibromin is closely linked to the tumorigenesis, subsequent progression, or poor prognosis of head and neck, gastric, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancers, and its overexpression might reverse the aggressiveness of these cancer cells. Therefore, parafibromin might be useful as a biological marker of malignancies and a target for their gene therapy.
Revealing the effect of 2D carbides with different metal sites for improving hydrogen storage in MgH2
Authors: Ren Kaixiang , Wang Bingbing
Published: September 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) carbon materials are considered as efficient catalysts for improving hydrogen storage in MgH2, but their catalytic mechanisms of different materials remain unclear. Herein we compare the hydrogen storage properties of MgH2 with doping different 2D carbon materials for revealing their catalytic effecting mechanisms. It can be seen that the effect of 2D metal carbides including Nb2C and Ti2C are superior to 2D graphene for improving hydrogen storage properties of MgH2, where the Ti2C exhibits the best catalytic effect with a remarkable decrease of activation energy (Ea) from ∼124 kJ/mol for doping graphene to ∼86 kJ/mol. This is related to the changes of individual metal and graphite chemical valence states of catalysts. The high catalytic activity of the hydrogen storage reaction originates from its unique layered structure and in situ formation of MHX, i.e., the tiny metal crystals can serve as a channel to facilitate hydrogen transport in MgH2 matrix. Moreover, the Ti catalytic effect is better than Nb, which originates from the surface of the multivalent Ti atoms is an intermediate of the electron moving between H− and Mg2+, thus leading to the Ti2C catalyzed MgH2 with superior hydrogen kinetic and cyclic performance.
Nanomaterials based on thermosensitive polymer in biomedical field
Authors: Guo Yingshu , Sun Li , Wang Yajing , Wang Qianqian , Jing Dan , Liu Shiwei
Published: September 2022

The progress of nanotechnology enables us to make use of the special properties of materials on the nanoscale and open up many new fields of biomedical research. Among them, thermosensitive nanomaterials stand out in many biomedical fields because of their “intelligent” behavior in response to temperature changes. However, this article mainly reviews the research progress of thermosensitive nanomaterials, which are popular in biomedical applications in recent years. Here, we simply classify the thermally responsive nanomaterials according to the types of polymers, focusing on the mechanisms of action and their advantages and potential. Finally, we deeply investigate the applications of thermosensitive nanomaterials in drug delivery, tissue engineering, sensing analysis, cell culture, 3D printing, and other fields and probe the current challenges and future development prospects of thermosensitive nanomaterials.
Riboflavin- and chlorophyllin-based antimicrobial photoinactivation of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms
Authors: Gricajeva Alisa , Buchovec Irina , Kalėdienė Lilija , Badokas Kazimieras , Vitta Pranciškus
Published: September 2022

Some Brevundimonas spp. are globally emerging opportunistic pathogens that can be dangerous to individuals with underlying medical conditions and for those who are immunocompromised. Gram-negative Brevundimonas spp. can form resilient sessile biofilms and are found not only in different confined terrestrial settings (e.g., hospitals) but are also frequently detected in spacecraft which is inhabited by astronauts that can have altered immunity. Therefore, Brevundimonas spp. pose a serious health hazard in different environments, especially in its biofilm form. Conventional antimicrobials applied to disrupt, inactivate, or prevent biofilm formation have limited efficiency and applicability in different closed-loop systems. Therefore, new, effective, and safe biofilm control technologies are in high demand. The present work aimed to investigate antimicrobial photoinactivation (API) of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 monocultural biofilms mediated by non-toxic, natural photosensitizers such as riboflavin (RF) and chlorophyllin (Chl) with an emphasis of this technology as an example to be safely used in closed-loop systems such as spacecraft. The present study showed that Chl-based API had a bactericidal effect on Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms at twice the lower irradiation doses than was needed when applying RF-based API. Long-term API based on RF and Chl using 450 nm low irradiance plate has also been studied in this work as a more practically applicable API method. The ability of Brevundimonas sp. ESA1 biofilms to reduce alamarBlue™ and regrowth analysis have revealed that after the applied photoinactivation, bacteria can enter a viable but non-culturable state with no ability to resuscitate in some cases.
Comparing the application of mNGS after combined pneumonia in hematologic patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and chemotherapy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Binglei , Gui Ruirui , Wang Qian , Jiao Xueli , Li Zhen , Wang Juan , Han Lu , Zhou Ling , Wang Huili , Wang Xianjing , Fan Xinxin , Lyu Xiaodong , Song Yongping , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2022

Rapid and accurate pathogen identification is essential for timely and effective treatment of pneumonia. Here, we describe the use of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) fluid to identify pathogens in patients with hematologic comorbid respiratory symptoms in a retrospective study with 84 patients. In the transplantation group, 8 cases (19.5%) and 47 cases (97.9%) were positive for BALF by conventional method detection and mNGS detection, respectively, and 6 cases (14.0%) and 41 cases (91.1%) in chemotherapy group, respectively. The detection rate of mNGS in both groups was significantly higher than that of conventional detection methods (all P<0.05). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common bacterial infections in the transplantation and chemotherapy groups, respectively. Aspergillus was the most common fungal infection in both groups. Human betaherpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), torque teno virus and human betaherpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) were the most common pathogen species in both groups. The most common type of infection in patients in the transplantation and chemotherapy groups was the mixed infection of bacteria-virus. Most patients in the transplantation group had mixed infections based on multiple viruses, with 42 cases of viral infections in the transplantation group and 30 cases of viral infections in the chemotherapy group, which were significantly higher in the transplantation group than in the chemotherapy group (χ2 = 5.766, P=0.016). and the mixed infection of virus-virus in the transplantation group was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy group (27.1% vs 4.4%, P=0.003). The proportion of death due to pulmonary infection was significantly higher in the transplantation group than in the chemotherapy group (76.9% vs 16.7%, χ2 = 9.077, P=0.003). This study demonstrated the value of mNGS of BALF in improving the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic comorbid pneumonia, helping patients to obtain timely and effective treatment, and giving guidance on the overall treatment plan for patients, with particular benefit for patients with hematologic chemotherapy comorbid pneumonia.
Exploring the effect of estrogen on Candida albicans hyphal cell wall glycans and ergosterol synthesis
Authors: Bataineh Mohammad Tahseen AL , Cacciatore Stefano , Semreen Mohammad Harb , Dash Nihar Ranjan , Soares Nelson C. , Zhu Xiaolong , Mousa Muath Khairi , Salam Jasmin Shafarin Abdul , Zerbini Luiz F. , Hajjo Rima , Hamad Mawieh
Published: September 2022

Increased levels of 17-β estradiol (E2) due to pregnancy in young women or to hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women have long been associated with an increased risk of yeast infections. Nevertheless, the effect underlying the role of E2 in Candida albicans infections is not well understood. To address this issue, functional, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses were performed on C. albicans cells subjected to temperature and serum induction in the presence or absence of E2. Increased filament formation was observed in E2 treated cells. Surprisingly, cells treated with a combination of E2 and serum showed decreased filament formation. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis revealed that serum and E2 treatment is associated with downregulated expression of genes involved in filamentation, including HWP1, ECE1, IHD1, MEP1, SOD5, and ALS3, in comparison with cells treated with serum or estrogen alone. Moreover, glucose transporter genes HGT20 and GCV2 were downregulated in cells receiving both serum and E2. Functional pathway enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) suggested major involvement of E2 signaling in several metabolic pathways and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The metabolomic analysis determined differential secretion of 36 metabolites based on the different treatments’ conditions, including structural carbohydrates and fatty acids important for hyphal cell wall formation such as arabinonic acid, organicsugar acids, oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2-keto-D-gluconic acid, palmitic acid, and steriacstearic acid with an intriguing negative correlation between D-turanose and ergosterol under E2 treatment. In conclusion, these findings suggest that E2 signaling impacts the expression of several genes and the secretion of several metabolites that help regulate C. albicans morphogenesis and virulence.
Effectiveness of physical barriers in mitigating human–elephant negative interactions in North-East India
Authors: Das Gitima , Selvan Kanagaraj , Lahkar Bibhuti , Gopi Govindan Veeraswami
Published: September 2022

Physical barriers, like solar fences, elephant-proof trenches, stone, or rubble walls, are installed as conflict mitigation interventions in India’s major Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) ranges. However, installations lacking a priori scientific assessment of site specificity for reducing elephant incursion in the human settlements often fail in the intended goals of the resource-intensive management interventions. Since humans are central to conflict issues, research focusing on social aspects is essential for devising solutions. Despite the use of barriers in the Golaghat district in Assam, human–elephant conflict (HEC) cases are increasing, which offers an opportunity to evaluate their efficacy. Optimized hotspot analysis of the historic HEC records from 2010 to 2019 was done to check the spatial extent of the conflict and its dispersion in the district. We also assessed the efficiency of a 4.2-km long solar fence and a 2-km long elephant-proof trench through generalized linear modeling. We evaluated the encounter rates of elephant signs and other site covariates at the barrier and non-barrier sites. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to assess the perception of local people on the barriers and overall HEC in their areas based on their willingness to pay (WTP) for maintenance of the barriers. The highest cases occurred between 2016 and 2017, making up 25% of the total conflict cases. It was noticed that the extent of these hotspots was concentrated, and there was no dispersion of the conflict to other areas. Furthermore, a significant difference in the encounter rates of elephant signs between barriers and no barrier sites was observed. Solar fenced areas showed relatively lower encounter rates than areas with the trench, suggesting better efficiency of solar fencing than trench in the landscape. In addition, only five out of seven explanatory variables, viz., the persistence of HEC cases, amount of ex-gratia compensation, time taken in getting compensation, change in elephant behavior (incursion), and crop-raiding frequency significantly explained people’s perception of the barrier and non-barrier sites. According to local people, physical barriers are essential in managing HEC; hence, installing and maintaining solar fences in the high conflict hotspots is crucial for this landscape.
The predictive value of CatLet© angiographic scoring system for long-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting > 12 h after symptom onset
Authors: Wang Heng , He Yi , Fan Jia-Li , Li Xu , Zhou Bing-Yuan , Jiang Ting-Bo , He Yong-Ming
Published: September 2022

Background

We have recently developed the Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet©) angiographic scoring system, which is capable of accounting for the variability in coronary anatomy, and risk-stratifying patients with coronary artery disease. This study aimed to clarify whether the CatLet score had a predictive value for long-term prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presenting > 12 h after symptom onset.

Materials and methods

The CatLet score was calculated for 1,018 consecutively enrolled AMI patients, who were divided into 3 groups according to the CatLet score tertiles. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as a composite of myocardial infarction, cardiac death, and ischemia-driven revascularization; secondary endpoints were all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization.

Results

The CatLet score was capable of predicting long-term prognosis at a median 4.9-year follow-up alone or after adjustment for risk factors. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI)/unit higher score were 1.06 (1.05–1.08) for MACEs, 1.05 (1.03–1.07) for all-cause death, 1.06 (1.04–1.09) for cardiac death, 1.06 (1.04–1.08) for myocardial infarction, and 1.06 (1.04–1.08) for revascularization. The univariate model showed good calibration (χ2 = 8.25, P = 0.4091) and good discrimination (area under ROC curve = 0.7086) for MACEs.

Conclusion

The CatLet score is an independent predictor of long-term clinical outcomes of patients with AMI presenting > 12 h after symptom onset (http://www.chictr.org.cn; Registry Number: ChiCTR2000033730).
Roles of traditional chinese medicine regulating neuroendocrinology on AD treatment
Authors: Deng Chujun , Chen Huize , Meng Zeyu , Meng Shengxi
Published: September 2022

The incidence of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasing in recent years. Studies have shown that in addition to some genetic abnormalities, the majority of AD patients has a history of long-term exposure to risk factors. Neuroendocrine related risk factors have been proved to be strongly associated with AD. Long-term hormone disorder can have a direct detrimental effect on the brain by producing an AD-like pathology and result in cognitive decline by impairing neuronal metabolism, plasticity and survival. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) may regulate the complex process of endocrine disorders, and improve metabolic abnormalities, as well as the resulting neuroinflammation and oxidative damage through a variety of pathways. TCM has unique therapeutic advantages in treating early intervention of AD-related neuroendocrine disorders and preventing cognitive decline. This paper reviewed the relationship between neuroendocrine and AD as well as the related TCM treatment and its mechanism. The advantages of TCM intervention on endocrine disorders and some pending problems was also discussed, and new insights for TCM treatment of dementia in the future was provided.
The effects of hydrological connectivity blocking on Suaeda salsa development in the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Wang XueHong , Zou YuHan , Zhu Tao , Guan Bo , Yang JiSong , Yu JunBao
Published: September 2022

Blocking of hydrological connectivity could greatly impact the sediment deposition process and change water and salinity conditions, which in turn affect plant germination, growth, and development in delta wetlands. A 2-year experiment, which included the effects of soil burial, water, and salinity on germination, growth, and production, was conducted to examine the function of hydrological connectivity blocking on the development of Suaeda salsa, a halophyte species. The results demonstrated that soil burial, water, and salinity all had significant effects on seed germination, plant growth, and production (p < 0.05). Seed germination decreased as soil buried depth increased (< 4 cm), and seeds did not germinate successfully when the buried depth was > 4 cm. Seed germination was the highest at 0 cm burial. However, moderate burial was beneficial for seedling emergence; therefore, the survival rate was the lowest when seeds were distributed at the surface (0 cm). Water and salinity both significantly affected the germination, growth, and productivity of S. salsa. Moderate salinity (10–20 g/kg) and fluctuating water (0–10 cm water depth) were suitable for seed germination and plant growth. Low salinity (< 10 g/kg), High salinity (>20 g/kg), drought, and high water levels (long-term flooding with water depth > 10 cm) were not conducive to the growth of S. salsa, and biomass and seed yield were also reduced. As a halophyte, salinity that is too low or too high is unsuitable for S. salsa population. Water and salinity also significantly affected S. salsa population (p < 0.05). In particular, water can offset the hazards of high salt concentrations. Blocking of hydrological connectivity can influence seed germination, yield, and vitality. In this case, S. salsa may have died out from the coastal wetland due to the lack of hydrological connectivity restoration.
A novel marker based on necroptosis-related long non-coding RNA for forecasting prognostic in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Lv Jinxing , Xu Qinghui , Wu Guoqing , Hou Jian , Yang Guang , Tang Cheng , Qu Genyi , Xu Yong
Published: September 2022

Background: The incidence of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is high and has increased gradually in recent years. At present, due to the lack of effective prognostic indicators, the prognosis of ccRCC patients is greatly affected.Necroptosis is a type of cell death, and along with cell necrosis is considered a new cancer treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to construct a new marker for predicting the prognosis of ccRCC patients based on long non-coding RNA (nrlncRNAs) associated with necroptosis.

Methods: RNA sequence data and clinical information of ccRCC patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas database (TCGA) were downloaded. NrlncRNA was identified by Pearson correlation study. The differentially expressed nrlncRNA and nrlncRNA pairs were identified by univariate Cox regression and Lasso-Cox regression. Finally, a Kaplan-Meier survival study, Cox regression, clinicopathological features correlation study, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) spectrum were used to evaluate the prediction ability of 25-nrlncrnas for markers. In addition, correlations between the risk values and sensitivity to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and targeted drugs were also investigated.

Results: In the current research, a novel marker of 25-nrlncRNAs pairs was developed to improve prognostic prediction in patients with ccRCC. Compared with clinicopathological features, nrlncRNAs had a higher diagnostic validity for markers, with the 1-year, 3-years, and 5-years operating characteristic regions being 0.902, 0.835, and 0.856, respectively, and compared with the stage of 0.868, an increase of 0.034. Cox regression and stratified survival studies showed that this marker could be an independent predictor of ccRCC patients. In addition, patients with different risk scores had significant differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint, and semi-inhibitory concentration of targeted drugs. The feature could be used to evaluate the clinical efficacy of immunotherapy and targeted drug therapy.

Conclusion: 25-nrlncRNAs pair markers may help to evaluate the prognosis and molecular characteristics of ccRCC patients, which improve treatment methods and can be more used in clinical practice.
A necroptosis-related prognostic model for predicting prognosis, immune landscape, and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma based on single-cell sequencing analysis and weighted co-expression network
Authors: Li Jingjing , Wu Zhi , Wang Shuchen , Li Chan , Zhuang Xuhui , He Yuewen , Xu Jianmei , Su Meiyi , Wang Yong , Ma Wuhua , Fan Dehui , Yue Ting
Published: September 2022

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Unlike apoptosis, necroptosis (NCPS) triggers an immune response by releasing damage-related molecular factors. However, the clinical prognostic features of necroptosis-associated genes in HCC are still not fully explored.

Methods: We analyzed the single-cell datasets GSE125449 and GSE151530 from the GEO database and performed weighted co-expression network analysis on the TCGA data to identify the necroptosis genes. A prognostic model was built using COX and Lasso regression. In addition, we performed an analysis of survival, immunity microenvironment, and mutation. Furthermore, the hub genes and pathways associated with HCC were localized within the single-cell atlas.

Results: Patients with HCC in the TCGA and ICGC cohorts were classified using a necroptosis-related model with significant differences in survival times between high- and low-NCPS groups (p < 0.05). High-NCPS patients expressed more immune checkpoint-related genes, suggesting immunotherapy and some chemotherapies might prove beneficial to them. In addition, a single-cell sequencing approach was conducted to investigate the expression of hub genes and associated signaling pathways in different cell types.

Conclusion: Through the analysis of single-cell and bulk multi-omics sequencing data, we constructed a prognostic model related to necroptosis and explored the relationship between high- and low-NCPS groups and immune cell infiltration in HCC. This provides a new reference for further understanding the role of necroptosis in HCC.
Multi-omics analysis reveals the effects of microbiota on oral homeostasis
Authors: Long Huiqing , Yan Li , Pu Juncai , Liu Yiyun , Zhong Xiaogang , Wang Haiyang , Yang Lu , Lou Fangzhi , Luo Shihong , Zhang Yingying , Liu Yang , Xie Peng , Ji Ping , Jin Xin
Published: September 2022

The oral epithelium’s normal morphological structure and function play an important role in maintaining oral homeostasis, among which microbiota and chronic stress are key contributing factors. However, the effects of microbiota and chronic stress on the morphological structures and molecular function of oral homeostasis remain unclear. In this study, morphological staining was used to compare the tongue structure of specific pathogen-free and germ-free mice, and an integrated multi-omics analysis based on transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics was performed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of microbiota and chronic stress on oral homeostasis. We found that the morphological structure of the tongue in germ-free mice was disordered compared with in specific pathogen-free mice, especially in the epithelium. Multi-omics analysis indicated that differentially expressed molecules of the tongue between germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice were significantly enriched in the mitochondrial metabolic process and immune response. Interestingly, microbiota also significantly influenced the permeability of the oral epithelial barrier, represented by the differential expression of keratinization, and cell adhesion molecules. It was worth noting that the above changes in the tongue between specific pathogen-free and germ-free mice were more significant after chronic stress. Collectively, this is the first study to reveal that the microbiota might maintain oral homeostasis by reshaping the structure of the oral epithelial barrier and changing the function of molecular biology, a process that may be driven by the immune response and mitochondrial metabolic process of oral tissue. Furthermore, chronic stress can enhance the regulatory effects of microbiota on oral homeostasis.
Gallbladder microbiota in early vertebrates provides evolutionary insights into mucosal homeostasis
Authors: Ding Li-guo , Han Guang-kun , Wang Xin-you , Sun Ru-han , Yu Yong-yao , Xu Zhen
Published: September 2022

The gallbladder (GB) microbiota plays critical roles in mammalian metabolism and immune homeostasis, and its relationship with human disease has been extensively studied over the past decade. However, very little is known about the interplay between GB microbiota and the immune functions of teleost fish, the earliest bony vertebrate with a GB. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the composition of the teleost GB microbiota and the potential mechanisms through which it affects mucosal immunity. In our results, we found that the GB mucosa (GM) and bile bacterial community shared a similar microbiological composition with that of the gut mucosa in naïve individuals. IHNV infection induced a profound GB inflammation and disrupted their microbial homeostasis followed by a strong anti-bacterial response. Interestingly, beneficial bacteria from the Lactobacillales order showed a significant increase in the abundance of the bile microbial community, whereas the structure of the Mycoplasmatales order in the gut microbial community was markedly changed. All in all, our study characterized the structure of the GB microbial ecosystem in teleost fish, and the fish GB microbiome shared a high similarity with the gut microbiota. More importantly, our findings offer solid evidence that the teleost GB evolved immune functions to preserve its mucosal microbial homeostasis, suggesting that both the microbiota and mucosal immunity of the GB might have co-evolved in early vertebrates.
Systemic immune responses after ischemic stroke: From the center to the periphery
Authors: Wu Fan , Liu Zongchi , Zhou Lihui , Ye Di , Zhu Yu , Huang Kaiyuan , Weng Yuxiang , Xiong Xiaoxing , Zhan Renya , Shen Jian
Published: September 2022

Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of disability and death. It imposes a heavy economic burden on individuals, families and society. The mortality rate of ischemic stroke has decreased with the help of thrombolytic drug therapy and intravascular intervention. However, the nerve damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion is long-lasting and followed by multiple organ dysfunction. In this process, the immune responses manifested by systemic inflammatory responses play an important role. It begins with neuroinflammation following ischemic stroke. The large number of inflammatory cells released after activation of immune cells in the lesion area, along with the deactivated neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems, link the center with the periphery. With the activation of systemic immunity and the emergence of immunosuppression, peripheral organs become the second “battlefield” of the immune response after ischemic stroke and gradually become dysfunctional and lead to an adverse prognosis. The purpose of this review was to describe the systemic immune responses after ischemic stroke. We hope to provide new ideas for future research and clinical treatments to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.