bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression Profiles of Long Noncoding RNAs and Messenger RNAs in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Cao Jian , Tang Tao , Tan Jianye , Chen Qi , Yuan Jinghong , Li Tao , Cheng Xigao
Published: January 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious disorder of the central nervous system with a high disability rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are reported to mediate many biological processes. The aim of this study was to explore lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles and functional networks after SCI. Differentially expressed genes between SCI model rats and sham controls were identified by microarray assays and analyzed by functional enrichment. Key lncRNAs were identified using a support vector machine‐ (SVM‐) recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. A trans and cis regulation model was used to analyze the regulatory relationships between lncRNAs and their targets. An lncRNA‐related ceRNA network was established. We identified 5465 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DE lncRNAs) and 8366 differentially expressed mRNAs (DE mRNAs) in the SCI group compared with the sham group (fold change > 2.0, p < 0.05). Four genes were confirmed by qRT‐PCR which were consistent with the microarray data. GSEA analysis showed that most marked changes occurred in pathways related to immune inflammation and nerve cell function, including cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand‐receptor interaction, and GABAergic synapse. Enrichment analysis identified 30 signaling pathways, including those associated with immune inflammation response. A total of 40 key lncRNAs were identified using the SVM‐RFE algorithm. A key lncRNA‐mRNAs coexpression network was generated for 230 951 lncRNA‐mRNA pairs with half showing positive correlations. Several key DE lncRNAs were predicted to have “cis”‐ or “trans”‐regulated target genes. The transcription factors, Sp1, JUN, and SOX10, may regulate the interaction between XR_001837123.1 and ETS 1. In addition, five pairs of ceRNA regulatory sequences were constructed. Many mRNAs and lncRNAs were found to be dysregulated after SCI. Bioinformatic analysis showed that DE lncRNAs may play crucial roles in SCI. It is anticipated that these findings will provide new insights into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for SCI.
Ciprofol: A Novel Alternative to Propofol in Clinical Intravenous Anesthesia?
Authors: Lu Ming , Liu Jian , Wu Xikun , Zhang Zhiqing
Published: January 2023

Ciprofol is a novel compound that was independently developed in China. According to the Chinese product instructions approved by the China National Medical Products Administration and the information of official website, indications for ciprofol include sedation and anesthesia during the surgical/procedure of nontracheal intubation, induction and maintenance of general anesthesia, and sedation during intensive care. Ciprofol is a short‐acting intravenous sedative based on the structural modification of propofol. Ciprofol has high efficacy, good selectivity, and fewer adverse reactions, indicating good clinical application potential. A series of clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the sedative effect of ciprofol in various procedures and settings, including gastroscopy and colonoscopy, fiber‐optic bronchoscopy, general anesthesia in elective surgeries, and mechanical ventilation in intensive care units. This review summarizes the chemical structure, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetic properties of ciprofol. We also assessed the efficacy and safety of ciprofol by synthesizing the relevant clinical trial data.
The Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Ma Fangfang , Zhang Hewei , Li Bingxue , Yang Duanhong , Cheng Peiyu , Yu Mingwei , Dai Dechun , Li Xun , Wang Xiaomin
Published: January 2023

Objective. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD). Methods. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Network Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical and Medical (CBM) Database, and Wanfang Database were electronically searched from their inception to July 25, 2022. Two authors independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment to ensure systematic quality evaluation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing TCM with olfactory training and/or drug therapy (OTDT) were included. The outcomes were the effective rate, QOD‐P, TDI score, UPSIT score, and adverse effects. Cochrane RoB was the guideline used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included trials. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 6 RCTs involving 467 patients with PVOD were selected. Compared with OTDT, TCM plus OTDT decreased QOD‐P (MD = −1.73, 95% CI (−2.40, −1.06), P < 0.0001) but did not increase the effective rate (T&T) (RR = 1.28, 95% CI (0.86, 1.90), P = 0.22, I2 = 61%). Compared with no treatment, TCM seemed to increase the treatment success rate (UPSIT) (RR = 3.17, 95% CI (1.78, 5.65), P < 0.0001, I2 = 0%), but there was no statistically significant difference in improving the UPSIT score (MD = 3.44, 95% CI (−1.36, 8.24), P = 0.16). Compared with drug therapy, TCM plus drug therapy appeared to increase the effective rate (ΔVAS) (RR = 2.36, 95% CI (1.41, 3.94), I2 = 0%), but there was no statistically significant difference in improving the TDI score (MD = 2.10, 95% CI (−1.99, 6.19), P = 0.31). No significant differences in adverse reactions were reported between TCM and OTDT. Conclusion. TCM may be an effective treatment for PVOD. With a lack of high‐quality RCTs, further large‐scale and high‐quality RCTs are still warranted.
Sirtuin3 Alleviated Influenza A Virus-Induced Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Lung Epithelial Cells via Regulating Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Activity
Authors: Yuan Juan , Li Ruina , Song He , Liu Xi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes severe lung inflammation and injury, particularly in children. Sirtuin3 (Sirt3) was confirmed to be effective in protecting the lung against injury. This study aims to explore the function and mechanism of Sirt3 on influenza development in children. Methods: The Sirt3 level in serum samples from IAV-infected children and lung epithelial cells were detected using RT-qPCR, ELISA, and Western blot assays. Cell viability and apoptosis were determined by MTT and flow cytometry assays. Virus titration was conducted by determining TCID50. Cell inflammatory response was detected by a battery of inflammatory cytokines. The contents of ROS and ATP, mitochondrial membrane potential level, and oxygen-consumption rate were examined to reflect on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The activity of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) was measured by colorimetry. Results: Sirt3 was downregulated in IAV-infected children’s serum samples and BEAS-2B cells. Overexpression of Sirt3 alleviated IAV replication and IAV-induced inflammatory injury, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction in lung epithelial cells. Moreover, upregulation of Sirt3 deacetylated SOD2 and PARP-1 and inhibited the PARP-1 activity. Notably, the Sirt3 inhibitor (3-TYP) and PARP-1 activity agonist (nicotinamide) reversed the effects of Sirt3 overexpression on IAV replication and IAV-induced injury. Conclusion: Overexpression of Sirt3 attenuated IAV-evoked inflammatory injury and mitochondrial oxidative stress through the inhibition of PARP-1 activity in lung epithelial cells.
Precise Discrimination for Multiple Etiologies of Dementia Cases Based on Deep Learning with Electroencephalography
Authors: Hata Masahiro , Watanabe Yusuke , Tanaka Takumi , Awata Kimihisa , Miyazaki Yuki , Fukuma Ryohei , Taomoto Daiki , Satake Yuto , Suehiro Takashi , Kanemoto Hideki , Yoshiyama Kenji , Iwase Masao , Ikeda Shunichiro , Nishida Keiichiro , Takekita Yoshiteru , Yoshimura Masafumi , Ishii Ryouhei , Kazui Hiroaki , Harada Tatsuya , Kishima Haruhiko , Ikeda Manabu , Yanagisawa Takufumi
Published: January 2023

Introduction: It is critical to develop accurate and universally available biomarkers for dementia diseases to appropriately deal with the dementia problems under world-wide rapid increasing of patients with dementia. In this sense, electroencephalography (EEG) has been utilized as a promising examination to screen and assist in diagnosing dementia, with advantages of sensitiveness to neural functions, inexpensiveness, and high availability. Moreover, the algorithm-based deep learning can expand EEG applicability, yielding accurate and automatic classification easily applied even in general hospitals without any research specialist. Methods: We utilized a novel deep neural network, with which high accuracy of discrimination was archived in neurological disorders in the previous study. Based on this network, we analyzed EEG data of healthy volunteers (HVs, N = 55), patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD, N = 101), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, N = 75), and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH, N = 60) to evaluate the discriminative accuracy of these diseases. Results: High discriminative accuracies were archived between HV and patients with dementia, yielding 81.7% (vs. AD), 93.9% (vs. DLB), 93.1% (vs. iNPH), and 87.7% (vs. AD, DLB, and iNPH). Conclusion: This study revealed that the EEG data of patients with dementia were successfully discriminated from HVs based on a novel deep learning algorithm, which could be useful for automatic screening and assisting diagnosis of dementia diseases.
Onychodystrophy with Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia: Literature Review
Authors: Albucker Samantha J. , Lipner Shari R.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Onychodystrophy has been described in association with certain bone disorders, including Nail-Patella Syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome, Coffin-Siris Syndrome, and congenital brachydactyly. However, nail changes associated with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) has not been documented. Case Presentation: An 11-year-old male with history of MED presented with thickened, dystrophic appearing fingernails. Physical examination was significant for fingernail longitudinal ridges and grooves, thinning, and distal splitting. Dermoscopy revealed superficial desquamation. Nail clippings were negative for microbial pathogens. Hand X-rays showed brachydactyly, shortening of the metacarpals, and sclerotic epiphyses of the bilateral 5th distal phalanges and right 2nd distal phalanx. Conclusion: This is the first documented case of MED with onychodystrophy, supporting the link between phalangeal formation and nail development. It is important to perform a careful examination of the nail units in patients with skeletal dysplasia and screen patients with characteristic and unexplained nail changes for bony changes. Living with skeletal disease is extremely challenging, and treatment of associated nail disease can improve quality of life for these patients.
Safe Limits of Lateral Nasal Wall Osteotomy at Le Fort I Surgery
Authors: Suzen Muazzez , Temiz Mustafa , Cesur Kadir , Uckan Sina
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The aim of this study was to define the difference between lateral nasal wall anatomy and variations as linear and angular in patients with class II and class III dentofacial deformities and to determine a surgical margin for safe entry by establishing an ideal osteotomy line for lateral nasal wall osteotomy during Le Fort I surgery. Materials and Methods: Eighty-five patients with dentofacial deformities, who were admitted to Medipol Mega University Hospital between September 2018 and February 2021, and 170 regions, including the right and left, were evaluated. In the axial image taken from coronal sections 5 mm above the deepest point of the nasal floor, lateral nasal wall angulations and linear and angular distances to the descending palatine canal were measured. Class II and class III patients were evaluated according to the right and left regions and gender. Results: The angled right distance values to the descending palatine artery of class III patients are higher than the values of the angled left distance to the descending palatine canal (p = 0.034). The right second angulation levels of class II female patients are higher than those of class II male patients (p = 0.037). Class III male patients have a significantly higher right linear distance to the descending palatine canal and right second angulation levels compared to class III female patients (p1 = 0.009; p2 = 0.003). The right second angulation levels of class II male patients are significantly lower than those of class III male patients (p = 0.003). Conclusion: This study described the mean angulations and linear distances between anatomic structures of the lateral nasal wall in patients with class II and class III dentofacial deformities for the purpose of a safe osteotomy. The location of the descending palatine canal and the morphology of the lateral nasal wall are not significantly associated with dentofacial deformity.
Matricectomy with Electrocautery as Therapy for Recurrent Ingrown Toenail
Authors: Dharmawan Nugrohoaji , Rachman Putri Oktriana , Nareswari Adniana , Rinandari Ummi , Fiqri Achmad , Devinta Eka
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Ingrown toenails are one of the common nail problems generally occurs in the big toe area and most often occurs during productive ages. Treatment of ingrowing toenail can be chosen based on the clinical condition of the patient. Nonoperative therapy is not effective in advanced cases in terms of the severity. Improper handling will cause recurrence in this case. Case Presentation: Six of 8 patients had the ingrown toenail recurrence previously treated using the nail avulsion (onychectomy) without matricectomy. One patient was reported to have hemophilia as comorbidity. The other one had pincer nail associated with inflammatory and degenerative processes. Most patients were at modified Mozena grades III and IV ingrown toenail. Post therapy evaluation revealed no recurrence in all patients. Conclusions: Combination of wedge resection with matricectomy using electrocautery can be applied as therapy for recurrent ingrown toenail.
Acute Alcoholic Hallucinosis: A Review
Authors: Skryabin Valentin Yurievich , Martinotti Giovanni , Franck Johan , Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
Published: January 2023

Acute alcoholic hallucinosis is a psychotic disorder characterized by a predominance of auditory hallucinations with delusions and affective symptoms in the clinical picture. Classically, it develops as part of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The prevalence of acute alcoholic hallucinosis ranks second among alcohol-related psychoses after alcohol delirium. The study aimed to systematize the scientific data on the history of alcoholic hallucinosis, its pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and treatment approaches. A literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The following words and combinations were used as search strings: (alcoholic hallucinosis OR alcoholic psychosis OR alcohol-related psychosis OR alcohol-induced psychosis OR alcohol-induced psychotic disorder OR complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome) NOT (animal OR rat OR mouse). The relevant information concerning the history of acute alcoholic hallucinosis, its pathogenesis, clinical picture, and treatment approaches was systematized and summarized. This review presents relevant findings regarding acute alcoholic hallucinosis. Limitations of the review include the use of heterogeneous and mostly descriptive studies and studies on small cohorts of patients.
Optimizing Survival Benefit by Surgical Resection by the Seven-Eleven Criteria in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer Stage A/B Hepatocellular Carcinoma beyond the Milan Criteria
Authors: Huang Chian-Tzu , Chu Yu-Long , Su Tung-Hung , Huang Shang-Chin , Tseng Tai-Chung , Hsu Shih-Jer , Liao Sih-Han , Hong Chun-Ming , Liu Chen-Hua , Yang Hung-Chih , Liu Chun-Jen , Chen Pei-Jer , Kao Jia-Horng
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Optimal treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) beyond the Milan criteria is in debate. We aimed to identify candidates for surgical resection (SR) in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC)-A/B HCC beyond the Milan criteria with survival benefit. Methods: Patients with BCLC-A/B HCC beyond the Milan criteria at the National Taiwan University Hospital during 2005 and 2019 were screened, and those who received transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) or SR were consecutively included. The tumor burden was classified by the seven-eleven criteria into low (≤7), intermediate (7–11), or high (>11). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used for outcome prediction. Results: Overall, 474 patients who received SR (n = 247) and TACE (n = 227) were enrolled. Patients who underwent SR were significantly younger with better liver reserve. There were 76 (31%) and 129 (57%) deaths in the SR and TACE groups after a median follow-up of 3.9 and 2.1 years, respectively. The seven-eleven criteria could distinguish median overall survival (OS) among low (n = 149), intermediate (n = 203), and high (n = 122) tumor burden groups (7.7 vs. 6.9 vs. 2.8 years, respectively, p < 0.001). Patients receiving SR had a significantly higher median OS compared with TACE in those with intermediate (8.2 vs. 2.6 years, p < 0.001) and high (5.6 vs. 1.5 years, p = 0.001) tumor burden. After adjustment for age, sex, and liver reserve, SR was predictive for better OS in intermediate (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27–0.75) and high tumor burden groups (aHR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.32–0.92). The survival benefit of SR especially confines to patients within 3 tumors. Conclusions: In patients with BCLC-A/B HCC beyond the Milan criteria with tumor burden beyond the up-to-7 criteria but within 3 tumors, SR has better OS than TACE and should be considered in resectable patients.
Genomic, Transcriptomic, and Proteomic Depiction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells–Derived Smooth Muscle Cells As Emerging Cellular Models for Arterial Diseases
Authors: Liu Lu , Jouve Charlène , Henry Joséphine , Berrandou Takiy-Eddine , Hulot Jean-Sébastien , Georges Adrien , Bouatia-Naji Nabila
Published: January 2023

Background:

Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plasticity is a central mechanism in cardiovascular health and disease. We aimed at providing cellular phenotyping, epigenomic and proteomic depiction of SMCs derived from induced pluripotent stem cells and evaluating their potential as cellular models in the context of complex diseases.

Methods:

Human induced pluripotent stem cell lines were differentiated using RepSox (R-SMCs) or PDGF-BB (platelet-derived growth factor-BB) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta; TP-SMCs), during a 24-day long protocol. RNA-Seq and assay for transposase accessible chromatin-Seq were performed at 6 time points of differentiation, and mass spectrometry was used to quantify proteins.

Results:

Both induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation protocols generated SMCs with positive expression of SMC markers. TP-SMCs exhibited greater proliferation capacity, migration and lower calcium release in response to contractile stimuli, compared with R-SMCs. Genes involved in the contractile function of arteries were highly expressed in R-SMCs compared with TP-SMCs or primary SMCs. R-SMCs and coronary artery transcriptomic profiles were highly similar, characterized by high expression of genes involved in blood pressure regulation and coronary artery disease. We identified
FOXF1
and
HAND1
as key drivers of RepSox specific program. Extracellular matrix content contained more proteins involved in wound repair in TP-SMCs and higher secretion of basal membrane constituents in R-SMCs. Open chromatin regions of R-SMCs and TP-SMCs were significantly enriched for variants associated with blood pressure and coronary artery disease.

Conclusions:

Both induced pluripotent stem cell–derived SMCs models present complementary cellular phenotypes of high relevance to SMC plasticity. These cellular models present high potential to study functional regulation at genetic risk loci of main arterial diseases.
Notes on Indian wolf spiders: II. Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 (Araneae: Lycosidae, Hippasinae)
Authors: SANKARAN PRADEEP M. , CALEB JOHN T.D.
Published: January 2023

The species of the genus Hippasa described/recorded from India are reviewed based on type and topotype material. Hippasa pantherina Pocock, 1899 stat. rev. is resurrected from synonymy under Hippasa greenalliae (Blackwall, 1867). The following synonymies are proposed: Hippasa charamaensis Gajbe, 2004 syn. nov., Hippasa madhuae Tikader & Malhotra, 1980 syn. nov., Hippasa pisaurina Pocock, 1900 syn. nov. and Hippasa sinai Alderweireldt & Jocqué, 2005 syn. nov., all synonymised with Hippasa deserticola Simon, 1889. Four species, Hippasa fabreae Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999, H. greenalliae, Hippasa hansae Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 and Hippasa wigglesworthi Gajbe & Gajbe, 1999 are proposed as nomina dubia. The species Hippasa haryanensis Arora & Monga, 1994 is considered as nomen nudum. All the type material examined are illustrated and supplementary descriptions and illustrations are provided for Hippasa agelenoides (Simon, 1884), H. deserticola, Hippasa himalayensis Gravely, 1924, Hippasa loundesi Gravely, 1924, Hippasa lycosina Pocock, 1900, Hippasa madraspatana Gravely, 1924, H. pantherina and Hippasa valiveruensis Patel & Reddy, 1993.
Calamities causing loss of museum collections: a historical and global perspective on museum disasters
Authors: TYLER MICHAEL J. , FUCSKO LYDIA A. , ROBERTS J. DALE
Published: January 2023

With alarming frequency, significant collections in natural history museums have been destroyed or damaged through insurrections, cyclones, wars, fires, floods, or earthquakes particularly in the nineteenth century but continuing into the twentieth century with World War II bombings, fires, and earthquakes being the primary causes of loss in fifty-seven institutions across thirty countries. We review the loss or damage of museum collections globally, and their varied causes. We emphasize the benefits of dispersal of a sample of paratypes across institutions as an essential feature of taxonomic practice. We argue that museums do not own type material but are acting as perpetual custodians of type material on behalf of science and society in general, and that museums, therefore, have an obligation to minimize the risk to their collections. The significance of the loss of type material would be ameliorated if, when there are numerous paratypes or syntypes, members of a type series were distributed among several institutions. This is currently common practice but historically this was not always the case and might not be possible if only a single holotype is available. We also reaffirm the need for scientists around the globe to develop specific protocols to protect collections of biological and cultural materials from loss or damage from natural and human-created disasters now and into the future. We comment on recent moves to modify the Zoological Code of Nomenclature to allow the use of images as “type” material when describing new species with the image serving as a substitute for “physical” specimens deposited in museum collections. Although our focus is on herpetological collections, our particular interest and area of expertise, our observations apply broadly to all collections, including those of animals, plants, and anthropological or ethnographic material.
Eight new species of the genus Nesamblyops Jeannel (Anillini: Carabidae: Coleoptera) from New Zealand with notes about dispersal of the genus to the North Island
Authors: SOKOLOV IGOR M.
Published: January 2023

Species of flightless litter ground beetles of the tribe Anillini, genus Nesamblyops, from the North Island and from the north-eastern part of the South Island are revised. Eight new species are described and one previously known species, Nesamblyops oreobius (Broun), is re-described. Nesamblyops oreobius, the only hitherto recorded species from the North Island, is most similar to the group of two new species from the South Island, N. confusus n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Marlborough Sounds, Mount Stokes) and N. lescheni n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Marlborough Sounds, D’Urville Island), based on the structure of the male genitalia. The second species of the genus known from the North Island, N. tararua n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Wellington, Tararua Range) represents another lineage, based on the structure of the male genitalia, and is closely related to a group of three new species from the South Island, N. brouni n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Canterbury, Southern Alps, Lewis Pass), N. distinctus n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Marlborough, Richmond Range, Fabians Valley), and N. townsendi n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Marlborough Sounds, Tennyson Inlet). Nesamblyops carltoni n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Nelson, Richmond Range, Dun Mountain) and N. parvulus n. sp. (type locality: New Zealand, Marlborough Sounds, Mount Stokes), both from the South Island occupy an isolated position among the examined species. All species are illustrated with digital images of habitus, body parts, and drawings of genitalia. Distribution maps for all species are also provided. Geographical evidence of Nesamblyops dispersal to the North Island is discussed, based on distributional data.
Opposing Shifts of the Hadley Cell Edge and Eddy-Driven Jet Latitude in the Last Glacial Maximum: A Parameter Sweep Study Using a Dynamical Core GCM
Authors: Kim Seo-Yeon , Son Seok-Woo
Published: January 2023

A coherent poleward displacement of the Hadley cell (HC) edge and eddy-driven jet latitude has been well documented in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) under the present and future climate changes. However, a recent study showed that during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) winter, an equatorward shift of the HC edge but a poleward shift of the jet latitude are found in the SH. These opposing circulation changes are investigated in this study by conducting the parameter sweep experiments using a dynamical core general circulation model (GCM). By systematically varying the amplitude of tropical upper-tropospheric and polar surface cooling, mimicking the LGM-like climate state, an opposing shift of circulation is reproduced when polar cooling is much stronger than tropical cooling. This is due to the higher sensitivity of the jet-latitude change compared to the HC-edge change in response to polar cooling. Eddy cospectra analysis reveals that the poleward jet shift is dominated by fast waves as the baroclinic zone expands poleward with increasing polar surface cooling. Instead, the HC-edge change is largely attributed to the activity of slow waves and the axisymmetric circulation change. They lead to the HC edge being weakly influenced by extratropical baroclinicity, resulting in an equatorward shift of the HC edge under a global cooling–like condition. Similar circulation changes but with an opposite sign are also found in global warming–like experiments. This result suggests that a poleward HC shift together with an equatorward jet shift can occur even in a future climate if Arctic amplification is accelerated relative to tropical warming.
North Atlantic Oscillation–Associated Variation in Cloud Phase and Cloud Radiative Forcing over the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Zhang Haotian , Zhao Chuanfeng , Xia Yan , Yang Yikun
Published: January 2023

The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) has been losing mass at an accelerating rate in recent decades due to warming, and understanding the underlying mechanisms, such as the impacts of clouds, is essential. Using spaceborne data, this study investigates the spatial distribution of ice clouds and liquid-bearing clouds (LBCs) over the GrIS and their surface radiative forcing effects during summer daytime from 2006 to 2017, along with their characteristics during the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) events. Due to the perennial high-albedo surface, both ice and LBCs have a less important shortwave radiative cooling effect than in other environments. Based on the spatial variation pattern of clouds with the NAO index, the GrIS can be divided into three regions: the western, central, and eastern GrIS. During the positive NAO, the westerly wind strengthens in the western region, which causes the fraction of both ice clouds and LBCs to increase, and the cloud radiative effect at the surface increases by 2.07 W m−2; the temperature decreases in the central region, the fraction of ice clouds increases, the fraction of LBCs decreases, and the net radiative forcing is −2.05 W m−2; and sinking airflow is generated in the eastern region, both ice cloud and LBCs decrease, and the net cloud radiative effect at the surface is −1.34 W m−2. The spatial and temporal variations in clouds in different phases over the GrIS are closely related to the NAO, and the response of clouds to changes in the atmospheric circulation field during the NAO varies in different regions of the GrIS.

Significance Statement

This study investigates the associations between the North Atlantic Oscillation and the spatiotemporal variations in clouds, including both cloud fraction and cloud phases, and further examines the impacts of these changes on the surface radiation balance. The findings can help us improve our understanding of cloud variability and the corresponding influence on surface radiation over the GrIS, which are essential for better prediction of ice coverage over this region and for more efficient protection of ecosystems located there.
Energetics of Multiscale Interactions in the Agulhas Retroflection Current System
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Pang Chongguang , Yan Xiaomei , Zhang Linlin , Liu Zhiliang
Published: January 2023

Using the recently developed multiscale window transform and multiscale energy and vorticity analysis methods, this study diagnoses the climatological characteristics of the nonlinear mutual interactions among mesoscale eddies, low-frequency (seasonal to interannual) fluctuations, and the decadally modulating mean flow in the Agulhas Retroflection Current System (ARCS). It is found that mesoscale eddies are generated primarily in the retroflection region by mixed barotropic and baroclinic instabilities. The barotropic instability dominates the generation of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) here, contributing power roughly 10 times larger than the baroclinic one. These locally generated eddies are transported away. In the rings drift and meanders regions, the nonlocal transport serves as an important energy source for the eddy field, making a contribution comparable to that of the baroclinic instability for the EKE production. Contrarily, in the stable region, the EKE is generated mainly due to the baroclinic instability. In most of the ARCS area, the kinetic energy (KE) is further transferred inversely from mesoscale eddies to other lower-frequency motions. In particular, in the retroflection, rings drift, and stable regions, the inverse KE cascade plays a leading role in generating seasonal–interannual fluctuations, providing roughly 3–5 times as much power as the forward KE cascade from the mean flow and the advection effect. In the meanders region, however, the forward cascade contributes 4 times more KE to the low-frequency variabilities than the inverse one. All the results provide a model-based benchmark for future studies on physical processes and dynamics at different scales in the ARCS.
Price-Fixing Allegations in the Canned Tuna Industry: A Look at the Data
Authors: Kim Minhae , Miller Nathan H. , Mansley Ryan , Remer Marc , Weinberg Matthew C.
Published: January 2023

In December 2014, Thai Union, the parent company of Chicken of the Sea canned tuna announced that it had reached an agreement to acquire Bumble Bee tuna from Lion Capital. In the course of standard merger review, the Department of Justice subpoenaed the merging parties as well as the parent company of StarKist to investigate possible collusion among the major producers of canned tuna. This led to several class action lawsuits and a criminal conviction for price fixing. This paper describes how these firms were alleged to have colluded and uses retail scanner data to document how prices and promotional activity changed while the cartel was in operation. Avenues for future research are discussed.
Predictive potential of albumin-alkaline phosphatase ratio for cerebrovascular accident in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis
Authors: Ha Jang Woo , Pyo Jung Yoon , Ahn Sung Soo , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won
Published: January 2023

Background

This study investigated the predictive potential of the albumin-to-alkaline phosphatase ratio (AAPR) for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) occurrence in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis.

Methods

This study included 239 AAV patients and reviewed their medical records retrospectively. AAPR was calculated using the following formula: AAPR = serum albumin (g/dL)/serum alkaline phosphatase (IU/L). CVA was defined only as cerebral infarction after AAV diagnosis in this study. In patients with CVA and those without CVA, the follow-up duration based on CVA was defined as the period from AAV diagnosis to CVA occurrence and to the last visit day, respectively.

Results

The median age of 239 AAV patients (130 microscopic polyangiitis, 64 granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and 45 eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis) was 59.0 years and 32.6% were men. The median serum albumin and alkaline phosphatase levels, and AAPR were 3.7 g/dL, 70.5 IU/L and 0.051, respectively. Nineteen patients had CVA during the median follow-up duration of 34.8 months. Using the receiver operator characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off of AAPR for CVA occurrence was obtained as ≤ 0.035. AAV patients with AAPR ≤ 0.035 showed a significantly higher risk of CVA occurrence after AAV diagnosis than those with AAPR >0.035 (relative risk 5.000, p < 0.001). In the multivariable Cox analysis, only AAPR ≤ 0.035 was independently associated with CVA occurrence among AAV patients (hazard ratio 3.195, 95% confidence interval 1.014, 10.062).

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the predictive potential of AAPR calculated at AAV diagnosis for CVA occurrence after AAV diagnosis among AAV patients.
The Activist Personality: Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Opposition Activism in Authoritarian Regimes
Authors: Dollbaum Jan Matti , Robertson Graeme B.
Published: January 2023

Why do people become opposition activists in authoritarian regimes where dissent invites social censure and can be dangerous? We make a new contribution to answering this classic question: personality. For the first time outside of democratic contexts, we investigate the association between personality traits and opposition activism, arguing that some traits work universally, while others interact with political context. We propose that—as in democracies—high extraversion predicts political activism, regardless of its pro- or anti-regime orientation, and, in particular, that extraversion is critical to explain the shift from online to offline action. We also argue that—contrary to democratic contexts—low agreeableness predicts opposition activism in autocracies, because it reduces the perceived costs of non-conformity. We test these arguments based on two independent survey samples from Russia, a stable authoritarian regime. In a series of statistical tests, including two case-control designs, we find consistent support for all hypotheses.
Late diagnosis of a submandibular gland carcinoma in Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Valjarevic Svetlana , Radaljac Dejan , Jovanovic Milan B , Miladinovic Nenad
Published: January 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has created exceptional challenges for patients and medical care systems. Among many factors influencing postponed cancer diagnosis, mask-wearing created difficulties in initial diagnosis of head and neck tumours. This report features a patient who had been covering a submandibular tumour under a surgical mask for more than 6 months. He visited his general practitioner due to a significant weight loss, but he neither took his mask off, nor was he asked to do so. When he reported to our emergency room, we noticed a massive ulcerous mass in the right submandibular region. Histological examination confirmed primary squamocellular carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland. During the Covid-19 pandemic, significant clinical observations may be missed if a surgical mask or respirator are not removed during examination with the potential for increased incidence of medical malpractice claims.
The Role of Machiavellianism and Interdependent Agency in Facebook Intrusion
Authors: Błachnio Agata , Przepiorka Aneta , Cudo Andrzej , Sękowski Andrzej , Pantic Igor
Published: January 2023

Facebook is one the most popular social networking sites in the world. The social aspect and perceiving oneself in the context of relationships seem to be crucial in the analysis of Facebook use. In recent years the number of Facebook users has been increasing, which is related to the problem of Facebook intrusion. Machiavellianism and selected interdependence agency indicators (conformity, relatedness, and autonomy) are associated with social functioning, which is an important aspect of Facebook intrusion. The aim of the study was to check how Machiavelianism and the interdependent agency indicators mentioned above affect Facebook intrusion and whether Facebook intrusion decreases satisfaction with life. The participants in the online study were 715 Polish Facebook users. We administered the Facebook Intrusion Scale, Conformity, Relatedness, and Autonomy Scales, and the Satisfaction With Life Scale. The results show that the selected interdependence agency indicators predict Facebook intrusion. Our results revealed that a high level of Machiavellianism was related to a high level of Facebook intrusion in women. They also show that conformity is positively and autonomy negatively related to Facebook intrusion and that Facebook decreases reduces satisfaction with life. The presented research thus contributes to knowledge about Facebook usage patterns.
Current curricular trends after the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey of psychiatry residency programs
Authors: Jin Jeff Wang , Smith Kacy , Helminiak Amanda , John Vineeth , Wu Hanjing Emily
Published: January 2023

Objectives

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many psychiatry residencies (academic, community, and hybrid programs) have adopted different learning modalities to preserve a high quality of educational training. There is minimal data on specific program adaptations, related change perspectives, and program type stratification. This study sought to examine trends in curriculum changes in accredited psychiatry residency programs in the United States.

Methods

Program directors of accredited general psychiatry programs in the United States were surveyed to assess both general program details and changes in educational content, delivery, and perspectives with regard to program curricula.

Results

A total of 63 program directors out of 264 eligible programs completed the questionnaire (23.9%). There was a significant shift to integrate virtual learning post-pandemic (98.5%) compared to pre-pandemic (3%). However, there was no association between these modality changes and program type ( p = 0.13). Furthermore, changes were noted with respect to didactic content (60%), decreased rotation sites (38%), and increased telemedicine exposure (84%) with no change of wellness days (67%) or protected time (97%). Again, the above changes had no association with program type. Use of virtual educational platforms was described as positive (59.7%) with 9 programs noting a future transition to a hybrid learning model for didactics and grand rounds.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that pandemic-related curriculum adaptations occurred in all different types of psychiatry residencies and suggest a national trend to continue virtual educational platforms with regard to psychiatry didactics. However, future investigation of effectiveness of virtual learning programs in psychiatry residencies is warranted.
Is Online Textual Political Expression Associated With Political Knowledge?
Authors: Hopp Toby , Ferrucci Pat , Vargo Chris J. , Liu Luna
Published: January 2023

Prior research has reliably shown a positive relationship between political talk and political knowledge. This study sought to build upon this research by assessing the association between internet-based textual political expression and political knowledge. Notably, while online textual political expression is closely linked to traditional conceptualizations of political talk, it is also different in several key ways. Accordingly, this study drew upon research and theorization in the areas of political talk, online expression, and communication self-effects to explore the association between political commentary frequency on Facebook and performance on a political knowledge quiz. Moreover, we investigated the degree to which expression-apparent elaborative thinking levels were differentially associated with political knowledge. The results indicated that Facebook-based textual political expression was, as predicted, positively associated with political knowledge. Therein, we found that textual political expression indicative of high levels of elaboration was much more strongly associated with political knowledge levels than textual political expression that was indicative of comparatively lower levels of elaboration. Finally, exploratory analyses suggested that highly elaborative textual political expression was at least as strongly related to political knowledge as traditional media consumption variables.
The Matilda Effect in Communication Research: The Effects of Gender and Geography on Usage and Citations Across 11 Countries
Authors: Rajkó Andrea , Herendy Csilla , Goyanes Manuel , Demeter Marton
Published: January 2023

Across liberal democracies, optimalizing gender balance in communication research production and impact is a growing aspiration of scientific leaders and research-intensive universities alike. Despite eloquent motivations, the gender proportions of the most prolific scholars remain undetermined, along with the role gender plays in explaining research usage (i.e., views) and impact (i.e., citations) across countries. Drawing upon performance data of 5,500 communication scholars from 11 countries, this study found that amongst the most prolific communication authors, female scholars are still significantly underrepresented in all the analyzed regions. Furthermore, when examining views and citation scores, findings illustrate that female scholars’ papers are systematically more viewed, yet significantly less cited than male scholarship. All things considered, we provide insightful empirical evidence that point to a twofold Matilda effect playing at both the production and performance levels in communication studies, arguing that gender inequalities are still rampant in the field.
The Enduring Effect of Internet Dating: Meeting Online and the Road to Marriage
Authors: Sharabi Liesel L.
Published: January 2023

This study takes a relational stage approach to understanding the role of online dating in the progression of relationships toward marriage. Fifty interviews were conducted with individuals from across the United States (ages 21–62; Mage = 33.42) who were married or engaged to someone they met via online dating. The results present a comprehensive view of online dating through 4 stages and 13 subcategories of relationship development. Participants described meeting through a process of technology-enabled relationship initiation. Once the relationship escalated offline, they entered a period of multimodal development that demonstrated the enduring influence technology continued to have after meeting in person. Throughout this process, participants stressed the role of online dating platforms in breaking down barriers and reinforcing divisions. Three outcomes for marriage were also uncovered. Findings from this study suggest that online dating is changing more than where couples meet and have theoretical and practical implications.
A New Approach to Desirable Responding: Multidimensional Item Response Model of Overclaiming Data
Authors: Jin Kuan-Yu , Paulhus Delroy L. , Shih Ching-Lin
Published: January 2023

A variety of approaches have been presented for assessing desirable responding in self-report measures. Among them, the overclaiming technique asks respondents to rate their familiarity with a large set of real and nonexistent items (foils). The application of signal detection formulas to the endorsement rates of real items and foils yields indices of (a) knowledge accuracy and (b) knowledge bias. This overclaiming technique reflects both cognitive ability and personality. Here, we develop an alternative measurement model based on multidimensional item response theory (MIRT). We report three studies demonstrating this new model’s capacity to analyze overclaiming data. First, a simulation study illustrates that MIRT and signal detection theory yield comparable indices of accuracy and bias—although MIRT provides important additional information. Two empirical examples—one based on mathematical terms and one based on Chinese idioms—are then elaborated. Together, they demonstrate the utility of this new approach for group comparisons and item selection. The implications of this research are illustrated and discussed.
On being contemporary: Shakespeare, inclusion and states of emergency
Authors: Cimitile Anna Maria
Published: January 2023

Starting from a reflection on the way inclusion may be impacted by today's concomitant pandemics, war, and other global emergencies, the article addresses the following questions: Is our approach to Shakespeare and inclusion, in staging of the plays and critical studies, affected by today's co-existence of global ‘ailments’? Can Shakespeare address such a complex ‘state of emergency’ (Walter Benjamin)? What theoretical tools may resonate with Shakespeare today? How can Shakespeare be ‘our contemporary’? For possible answers, the article draws on Giorgio Agamben's idea of ‘contemporaneity’ and looks at present examples of engagements with Shakespeare (inclusive practices, film, and theatre stagings).
Neural cortical organoids from self-assembling human iPSC as a model to investigate neurotoxicity in brain ischemia
Authors: De Paola Massimiliano , Pischiutta Francesca , Comolli Davide , Mariani Alessandro , Kelk Joe , Lisi Ilaria , Cerovic Milica , Fumagalli Stefano , Forloni Gianluigi , Zanier Elisa R
Published: January 2023

Brain ischemia is a common acute injury resulting from impaired blood flow to the brain. Translation of effective drug candidates from experimental models to patients has systematically failed. The use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offers new opportunities to gain translational insights into diseases including brain ischemia. We used a human 3D self-assembling iPSC-derived model (human cortical organoids, hCO) to characterize the effects of ischemia caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). hCO exposed to 2 h or 8 h of OGD had neuronal death and impaired neuronal network complexity, measured in whole-mounting microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) immunostaining. Neuronal vulnerability was reflected by a reduction in MAP-2 mRNA levels, and increased release of neurofilament light chain (NfL) in culture media, proportional to OGD severity. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene or protein levels did not change in hCO, but their release in medium increased after prolonged OGD. In conclusion, this human 3D iPSC-based in vitro model of brain ischemic injury is characterized by marked neuronal injury reflected by the release of the translational biomarker NfL which is relevant for testing neuroprotective strategies.