bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF PEDIATRIC CANCER IN THE PALLIATIVE CARE UNIT AT DR. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL, SURABAYA
Authors: Fithriyah Izzatul , Konginan Agustina , Maramis Margarita , Mahajudin Marlina , Muhdi Nalini , Margono Hendy , Warsiki Endang , Basoeki Lestari , Yitnamurti Suksmi
Published: March 2020

Background: Children with cancer require special interventions and palliative care to improve their quality of life. The epidemiology of pediatric cancer is needed as a basis for determining health policy. Purpose: This study describes pediatric cancer patients in the palliative outpatient clinic in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: This study is an observational descriptive study that uses the medical records of pediatric patients with cancer at the palliative care unit in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital between June 2014 and July 2015. The data included the demographic characteristics of the pediatric cancer patients and was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The number of children in the 1–5 years, 6–10 years, and 11–15 years age groups was similar, while noticeably fewer children fell into the 16–18 years group. The majority of children suffering from cancer were male (68,70%). The most common type of cancer in was blood cancer (leukemia) with a percentage of 51.91%, while the rarest types were retinoblastoma and lymph node cancer (malignant lymphoma) with percentage of 3.05%. Conclusion: The incidence of pediatric cancer patients in the palliative outpatient clinic was quite high. These patients tended to be male, aged 6–10 years, and suffered from leukemia.
The Quality of Life of Patients with HIV/AIDS Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sari Putri Irwanti , Martawinarti RTS Netisa , Lataima Nurmawati S. , Berhimpong Vivi Meiti
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Quality of Life (QoL) is one of the most important things for a patient with HIV/AIDS. Good QoL will improve the adherence to treatment, especially antiretroviral therapy. The purpose of this study was to explore about the quality of life of the patients with HIV/AIDS undergoing antiretroviral therapy.Methods: The data was collected through a literature review from electronic databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, Google Scholar and Springerlink journal. The keywords were "quality of life", "HIV/AIDS", "quality of life of patients with HIV/AIDS" or "quality of life and HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy".Results: The researcher obtained 15 articles based on the inclusion criteria. Several research articles that were analyzed showed that the Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy was not all good. This is caused by the side-effects of using antiretroviral therapy and the side-effects that were physical, psychological, social and environmental.Conclusion: The impact of the side effects of antiretroviral therapy has caused the clients with HIV/AIDS to choose other therapies such as ART replacement therapy to improve the quality of life for patients with HIV/AIDS.
Obesity and Stunting in Childhood. Do Grandparents Play A Role? A Systematic Review
Authors: Purwaningtyas Rizki Agustin , Barik Ardila Lailatul , Astuti Dwi
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Obesity and stunting in childhood has become one of the greatest global health challenges. The impact of this issue is serious and lasting for individuals, their families, communities and countries. Most of the studies on child weight status have only focused on the mother as the primary caregiver, whereas the role and inﬂuence of the grandparents has received less attention. Grandparent-provided child care has become a trend in many countries, with reported rates of approximately 40% to 58%. The objective of this systematic review was to analyze whether children become stunted or obese when they are cared for by their grandparents.Methods: The methodological search of the literature was conducted using Scopus, Science Direct, PubMed, Pro Quest and ResearchGate, and it was undertaken using PRISMA guidelines. The search identified 1803 papers and 135 full-text articles were screened for eligibility. Finally, 15 met the inclusion criteria. The keyword chain was as follows: ("obesity" OR "stunting") AND (“children”) AND (“grandparents”).Results: As grandparents take on increasingly responsible roles in the lives of their grandchildren, there is an influence on the higher risk of child obesity rather than stunting.Conclusion: In future, nurses should target not only the mother but also the grandparents to control their child’s health, especially when related to their weight status.
Stigma in Family Patients Who Have a Psychiatric Disorder: A Systematic Review
Authors: Reong Antonia Rensiana , Astuti Retno Puji
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The stigma in families who are caring for patients who experience mental illness in the modern era is high. Some of the experiences of patients with mental illness reveal that they are still stigmatized. This is not just the patients but also the families that care for them. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review relating to the stigma felt by the families of the patients experiencing mental illness.Methods: The database used  to identify the potential articles was Scopus. The articles were limited to a range of 5 years from 2014 through to 2018. The keywords used in the literature review were "Stigma Family" And "Mental illness".Results: Fifteen articles from eight countries were evaluated. The families were confirmed as experiencing stigma: labeling, stereotyping, separation and discrimination. Stigma means that the families face psychological, social and intrapersonal consequences which can reduce the family quality of life and family functioning.Conclusion: There are opportunities for negative outcomes related to the family resilience. One of the results of the study revealed that psycho-education programs using education interventions can be an alternative intervention to reduce stigma.
Summary of the Prevention of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection in An Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Waluyo Waluyo , Permata Yulia Indah , Rohmah Ulfa Nur , Andini Saskiyanti Ari
Published: March 2020

Background: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most common type of nosocomial infection in an intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to examine the existing evidence of preventative measures against catheter-associated urinary tract infection being implemented to reduce urinary tract infection in intensive care units.Method: Databases were used to identify potential articles, namely Scopus, Pubmed, EBSCO and Proquest, limited to those published within the last 5 years from 2013 to 2018. The literature review used the keyword prevention, CAUTI and ICU. In the article search using “AND”, only 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. Across the 14 studies, 42486 participants and a mean 3540 per trial were included.Discussion: Nursing round, CAUTI bundle, bacitracin and cranberry, Nurse-driven protocol, protocol by team/ developmental protocol, surveillance of CAUTI, education, performance feedback, and general cultural practices alongside the American College of Critical Care Medicine and the Infectious Disease Society of America present guidelines that recommend CAUTI preventive practices that can be implemented to reduce the incidence of CAUTI in ICUs.Conclusion: From the several strategies used to prevent CAUTI, the most effective is the multidimensional approach because this approach combines several interventions and it also involves other practitioners. A multidimensional approach is more effective than a single dimensional approach in ICU.
Trends of Early Marriage in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Suhariyati Suhariyati , Haryanto Joni , Probowati Ririn
Published: March 2020

Background: Early marriage is being increasingly recognized globally as a fundamental violation of human rights and a major obstacle to sustainable development. Early marriage occurs globally to varying degrees, especially in developing countries. The purpose of this article was to identify the determinants and impact of early marriage in developing countries.Method: A systematic search for studies published from 2014 up to 2019 was conducted via Scopus, Proquest, Elsevier, Science Direct, Sage Journal, SpringerLink and EBSCO. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. These were independently extracted by two reviewers.Result: Education and place of residence were the most commonly studied determinants of early marriage. Only a few of them reported results concerning the age difference between the spouses, access to media information and self-efficiency. Early marriage has a relationship with both the mother's and child's health. However, the significance of these associations was often small or inconsistent.Conclusion: This review summarizes the best available evidence for local policymakers and public health practitioners so then they can consider incorporating these findings into the development of intervention protocols for the prevention of early marriage.
Strategy Intervention to Prevent and Reduce Postpartum Depression: A Systematic Review
Authors: Budiman M. Elyas Arif , Sari Supiah Ningsih Juita , Kusumawardani Winda , Sutopo Dhona
Published: March 2020

Background: Postpartum depression is a non-psychotic depressive disorder with the criteria for diagnosis being that it can start early at four weeks postpartum. This can occur in the first year postpartum. Postpartum depression can result in deep sorrow and even the risk of suicide.Method: The sources of the articles used were from a search of the Scopus, PubMed and Proquest databases with the keywords “postpartum depression, nursing intervention, psychology and postpartum”. The search was restricted articles ranging from 2014  until  2018. After the articles were obtained, then the articles were reviewed until the stage of making a systematic review.Result: The systematic review resulted in 15 of 19 choices of interventions that can be used to prevent and reduce the symptoms of postpartum depression. The results found that an internet cognitive behavior therapy intervention is very significant in terms of preventing and reducing the symptoms of postpartum depression. Nursing interventions are packaged in a variety of programs proven to reduce the postpartum depression variables and actions needed to prevent and reduce the symptoms of postpartum depression significantly.Conclusion: Based on the results of the analysis of the 15 journals from the results of the study, internet cognitive behavior therapy intervention is recommended to prevent and reduce postpartum depression. This intervention can be developed practically and easily.
The Difference Between the Conventional Warm Compress and Tepid Sponge Technique Warm Compress in the Body Temperature Changes of Pediatric Patients with Typhoid Fever
Authors: Karra Aaulya Kartini Dg , Anas Muh Aswar , Hafid Muhammad Anwar , Rahim Rosdianah
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The use of warm compresses and warm sponge techniques as a modality therapy for the management of fever in typhoid children has a good influence. The purpose of this research was to learn of the differences between conventional warm compress and the tepid sponge technique as related to the body temperature changes of pediatric patients with typhoid fever. A fever that does not get a good standard of treatment can cause dehydration, neurological damage and febrile seizures.Methods: The research design was quasi-experiment with two groups pre-post test. The population was taken from the Kampili Community Health Center while the 20 samples were taken using the purposive sampling technique. Conventional warm compresses were placed on the forehead, while warm tepid sponges were compressed and placed on the forehead, armpits and the folds of the thighs simultaneously.Results: . The data of the results were significance tested using the General linear model repeated measure (p value 0.03 for conventional warm compresses and p value 0.01 on a warm compress tepid sponge technique).Conclusion: Statistically, the warm compress tepid sponge technique is more meaningful and qualitatively, the temperature change is better after the compression.
The Role of Family as A Caregiver in Caring for Family Members that are Suffering from Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Kristinawati Beti , Muryadewi Annisa , Irianti Ana Dwi
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Families have an important role in the successful treatment of people with pulmonary tuberculosis. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the role of the family as a caregiver in caring for family members suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: The phenomenological qualitative design was chosen to obtain in-depth information by interviewing thirteen family members who cared for pulmonary tuberculosis patients determined through a purposive technique. Results: The content of Collaizi's analysis produced five themes, namely: 1) Nonpharmacological therapy is given by the family to treat symptomatic pulmonary tuberculosis 2) Efforts to cut transmission was carried out by the family to prevent transmission of disease, 3) Nutrition support provided by families in treating patients, 4) Instrumental support given by families in caring for pulmonary tuberculosis patients, 5) Emotional support given by families in treating pulmonary tuberculosis sufferers.Conclusion: The family provides physical and psychological care to support the successful treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. A program is recommended to increase family knowledge in caring for family members suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Words are sorted alphabetically.
The Impact of Hospital Accreditation on Nurses' Perceptions of Quality of Care?
Authors: Trisno Tejo , Putra Agit Pratama , Purwanza Sena W
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Accreditation is the recognition of the quality of services that have met the National Hospital Accreditation Standards. In implementing hospital accreditation , it covers patient safety goals, patient-focused service standards, hospital management standards, national programs and integration of health education in hospital services. How is the impact of hospital accreditation on the quality of care, especially nursing services in accordance with the perceptions and attitudes of nurses in hospitals. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the impact of applying hospital accreditation in accordance with nurses' perceptions and attitudes towards nursing services. Methods: For this reason, articles data with a for publication from 2008-2018 are needed, of the 418 systematic literature articles taken from Scopus, Science direct, and Proquest. There are 15 articles chosen to search for literature with keywords; the impact of accreditation on nurses' perceptions and attitudes about the quality of care.Results: Five of the 15 articles that fit the design criteria that address the impact of hospital accreditation according to nurses' perceptions and attitudes in improving nursing services.Conclusion: The study results show that hospital accreditation make a nurses perception the quality of care. Quality of care is the one of impact from hospitals accreditation. Nurses in accredited hospitals feel a higher level of quality of health services.
A Publicly Available Cost Simulation of Sustainable Construction Options for Residential Houses
Authors: Fulton Lawrence , Beauvauis Bradley , Brooks Matthew , Kruse Scott , Lee Kim
Published: March 2020

This publicly available simulation analysis compares baseline construction options versus sustainable options and evaluates both break-even costs as well as environmental effects. The simulation (https://rminator.shinyapps.io/sustain4/) provides users with comparative estimates based upon existing research on costs. This is the first simulation of its type that quantifies multiple sustainable construction options, associated break-even points, and environmental considerations for public use. Results estimate that a 100% solar solution for the baseline 3,000 square foot / 279 square meter house with 2 occupants results in a break-even of 9 years. The simulation includes options for rainwater harvesting or wells, Icynene foam, engineered lumber, Energy Star windows and doors, low flow water fixtures, aerobic / non-aerobic waste treatment or municipal services, and many other options. This is the first simulation of its type to provide publicly available sustainable construction analysis based on research, and it illustrates that sustainable construction might be both green for the environment and green for the pocketbook.
Impairments in Peripheral Blood T Effector and T Regulatory Lymphocytes in Bipolar Disorder are Associated with Staging of Illness and Anti-cytomegalovirus IgG Levels
Authors: Maes Michael , Nani Joao , Noto Cristiano , Rizzo Lucas , Hayashi Mirian , Brietzke Elisa
Published: March 2020

There is now evidence that, based on cytokine profiles, bipolar disorder (BD) is accompanied by simultaneous activation of the immune-inflammatory response system (IRS) and the compensatory immune-regulatory system (CIRS), and that both components may be associated with the staging of illness. Nevertheless, no BD studies have evaluated the IRS/CIRS ratio using CD (cluster of differentiation) molecules expressed by peripheral blood activated T effector (Teff) and T regulatory (Treg) subpopulations. This study examined T cell subsets both before and after ex vivo anti CD3/CD28 stimulation using flow cytometric immunophenotyping in 25 euthymic BD patients and 21 healthy controls as well as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific IgG antibodies. BD is associated with a significantly lowered frequency of baseline (unstimulated) CD3+CD8+CD71+ and CD4+CD25+FOXP3 and increased CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CD152+ frequencies and with lowered stimulated frequencies of CD3+CD8+CD71+, CD4+CD25+FOXP3+CD152+ and CD4+CD25+FOXP3+GARP cells and, consequently, by an increased stimulated Teff/Treg ratio. Moreover, the number of manic, but not hypomanic or depressive episodes, is significantly and negatively associated with the stimulated proportions of CD3+CD4+CD154+, and CD69+ and CD71+ expression on CD4+ and CD8+ cells, while duration of illness (≥ 10 years) is accompanied by a depleted frequency of stimulated CD152+ Treg, and CD154+ and CD71+ CD4+ T cells. BD and anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) IgG levels significantly interact to decrease the expression of CD4+CD25+FOXP+GARP T phenotypes. In conclusion, BD is characterized by deficits in immune-regulatory functions while the staging of illness is characterized by additional impairments is Teff and Treg activation. HCMV seropositivity may contribute to an immune-risk phenotype associated with BD.
Rancangan Pembelajaran Flipped Classroom Untuk Mata Kuliah Persepsi Desain dan Pesan
Authors: Alodianada Hana , Widyaningrum Retno , Nursetyo Kunto Imbar
Published: March 2020

This development research aims to produce a flipped classroom learning in the form of a RPKPS as a guideline for implementing flipped classroom learning in PDP courses at the State University of Jakarta in Educational Technology Program. This development research was carried out by following the Rapid Prototyping development model procedure, namely Assess Needs & Analyze Content 2) Set Objectives, 3) Construct Prototype, 4) Utilize Product, 5) Installation & Maintenance. Evaluation of this product development research is done through Expert Review. The step of expert review involved 1 subject expert and 2 learning design experts. The average value obtained from subject expert is 3,48 which means it’s very good, from learning design expert is 3,21 which means it’s good. The average value obtained from another learning design expert is 3,24 which means it’s good. From these results it can be concluded that the flipped classroom learning design for Learning and Design Perception Course is good rated.
Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by group B streptococcus; case reports and review of 35 reported cases
Authors: Yoshida Masaaki , Yokokura Shunji , Nishida Takashi , Mochizuki Kiyofumi , Suzuki Takashi , Maruyama Kazuichi , Otomo Takaaki , Nishiguchi Koji M , Kunikata Hiroshi , Nakazawa Toru
Published: March 2020

Background:Group B streptococcus (GBS), a gram-positive coccus that occasionally causes neonatal sepsis or invasive infection in the elderly, has been considered a rare cause of endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (EBE). However, the number of invasive GBS infections is increasing, particularly in elderly patients with underlying conditions such as diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular disease and cancer. We report 6 cases of EBE caused by GBS and review the literature.Methods:Retrospective case series and literature reviewResults:In the current case series, 6 eyes of 6 patients developed EBE caused by GBS. The average age was 73.5 years. The focus of infection included the urinary tract, cellulitis, arthritis, peritonitis, catheter-associated infection and endocarditis. Four patients had DM. While all 6 strains were sensitive to β-lactams (penicillins and cephems), 4 strains were resistant to levofloxacin (no data for 1 isolate). Each case was treated with the systemic antibiotic to which the individual strain was sensitive. All cases showed poor visual acuity at presentation (decimal visual acuity: less than 0.03). Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics injection was performed in 4 cases. Visual acuity recovered in 4 cases and did not recover in 2 cases, even after vitrectomy. The literature review of 53 eyes of 41 patients revealed that 60% of eyes finally lost all vision, and death occurred in 2 cases. Initial visual acuity of less than counting fingers was associated with a final outcome of lost vision. Of 41 patients, 13 (32%) had DM as an underlying medical condition. The most common extra-ocular infection focus was endocarditis (37%).Conclusions:DM is common in patients with EBE caused by GBS. While the 4 cases in the current report had a relatively good visual acuity outcome, despite poor initial visual acuity, the literature review indicated that EBE caused by GBS is generally a severe condition with a poor prognosis. The current study also indicates the importance of considering the possibility of endocarditis on encountering EBE caused by GBS.
Clinical significance of CRP and IL-6 levels during the perioperative period of hip arthroplasty for aged patients with femoral neck fractures
Authors: Zhao Fulong , Guo Lijuan , wang xuefei , Zhang Yakui
Published: March 2020

Background To analyze and explore the clinical significance of changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during the perioperative period in older patients that underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures. Methods This retrospective study analyzed data for 82 patients that underwent hip arthroplasty for femoral neck fractures from June 2018 to June 2019in our hospital, Of these, 39 patients underwent hemiarthroplasty (HA) and 43 underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA). CRP and IL-6 were measured before the operation (baseline) and on the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd , and 7 th day after hip arthroplasty. Comparisons between groups were performed with the t test and χ 2 test. Results Post-operative serum CRP and IL-6levels showed a trend of first increasing, then decreasing, but all levels were higher than baseline. The serum CRP level peaked on the third post-operative day, and IL-6 peaked on the first post-operative day. We found no significant difference in CRP or IL-6 levels between patients that received HAs and patients that received THAs. Conclusion We showed a trend in CRP and IL-6 changes during the perioperative period. These findings suggested that CRP and IL-6 might be involved in the early inflammatory response. Thus, both CRP and IL-6 levels might be useful for evaluating the postoperative inflammatory response in older patients with femoral neck fractures that undergo hip arthroplasty.
Myeloproliferative neoplasm with ETV6-ABL rearrangement conferred a granulocyte proliferation bias
Authors: Chen Yuan , Liu Qian , Li Yan , Wei Hui , Rao Qing , Wang Min , Wang Jianxiang
Published: March 2020

Background: ETV6-ABL (TEL-ABL) fusion gene is a rare but recurrent genetic aberration found in hematologic malignancies including myeloproliferative neoplasm, acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. As a infrequent fusion gene, there is no special treatment guideline for the diseases it causes. Methods: A case of a 42-year old man was reported, who presented fever with a markedly leukocytosis and CML-like marrow without BCR-ABL. Fusion gene was detected by RT-PCR and confirmed by direct sequencing. ETV6-ABL mRNA expressions in each cell population were determined by real-time RT-PCR in sorted peripheral blood cells. Results: ETV6-ABL fusion gene was detected by RT-PCR in the bone marrow cells. The type A of ETV6-ABL was confirmed by direct sequencing. The ratio of ETV6-ABL fusion gene transcript level in polymorphonuclear was nearly 3.6 relative to total cells, which was significantly higher than other cells. His blood routine returned to normal after three months of treatment with imatinib at 400mg daily dose. After 6 months for TKI treatment, the ratio of ETV6-ABL/ABL decreased from 174.1% to 1.882%. Conclusion: ETV6-ABL fusion gene conferred a granulocyte proliferation bias and responded to TKI therapy.
Assessment and forecasting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Changsha, China: Based on a SEIAR Dynamic Model
Authors: Zha Wenting , Zhou Nan , Li Guoqun , Li Weitong , Zhang Heng , Zhang Siyu , Chen Mengxiang , Feng Ruihua , Li Tong , LV Yuan
Published: March 2020

Background: A new human coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 emerged during December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Cases have been exported to other Chinese cities and abroad, which may cause the global outbreak. Chang Sha is the nearest provincial capital city to Wuhan, the first case of COVID-19 in Changsha was diagnosed on January 21, 2020. Estimating the transmissibility and forecasting the trend of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 under the prevention and control measures in Changsha could inform evidence based decisions to policy makers.
Methods: Data were collected from the Health Commission of Changsha and Hunan Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A Susceptible-exposed-infections/ asymptomatic- removed (SEIAR) model was established to simulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha. Berkeley Madonna 8.3.18 were employed for the model simulation and prediction, while the curve fitting problem was solved by the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method, with a tolerance of 0.001.
Results: In this study, we found that Rt was 2.05 from January 21 to 27 and reduced to 0.2 after January 27, 2020 in Changsha. The prediction results showed that when no obvious prevention and control measures were applied, the total number of patients in Changsha would reach the maximum (2.27 million) on the 79th day after the outbreak, and end in about 240 days; When measures have not been fully launched, the total number of patients would reach the maximum (1.60 million) on the 28th day after the outbreak, and end in about 110 days; When measures have been fully launched, the total number of patients would reach the maximum (234) on the 23rd day after the outbreak, and end in about 60 days.
Conclusions: Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in Changsha is in a controllable stage under current prevention and control measures, it is predicted that the cumulative patients would reach the maximum of 234 on February 12, and the outbreak would be over on 20 March in Changsha. With the fully implementation of prevention and control measures, it could effectively reduce the peak value, short the time to peak and duration of the outbreak.
How many digits after decimal point are needed to use SUVmax as an identifier of tumors on FDG PET-CT?
Authors: Hirata Kenji , Manabe Osamu , Magota Keiichi , Furuya Sho , Shiga Tohru , Kudo Kohsuke
Published: March 2020

Purpose The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) is often described in daily clinical reports of FDG PET-CT. We investigated whether it would be possible to localize the voxel automatically based on the SUVmax. Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. We investigated a total of 112 lesions from 30 FDG PET-CT images acquired with 3 different scanners. The number of voxels showing the given SUVmax was counted, where SUVmax was provided with various degrees of precision, such as 3, 3.1, 3.14, 3.142. The effects of local maximum restriction, where only local maximum voxels were chosen, were evaluated. Results SUVmax ranged from 1.3 to 49.1 (median = 5.6, IQR = 5.2). Generally, when larger and more precise SUVmax values were given, fewer voxels were included in the range. The local maximum restriction was very effective. When SUVmax was determined to 4 decimal places (e.g., 3.1416) and the local maximum restriction was applied, 33.3% (lesions with SUVmax<2), 79.5% (2≤SUVmax<5), and 97.8% of lesions (5≤SUVmax) were successfully identified (i.e., only a single voxel satisfied the criteria). Conclusions In FDG PET-CT, SUVmax can be used to localize the lesion if a large and precise SUVmax is provided.
Testing of primary stability of the Activ® L intervertebral disc prosthesis in cadaver bone and comparison of the two different anchoring concepts – keel and spike anchoring
Authors: Pellengahr Christoph von Schulze , Teske Wolfram , Kapoor Saurabh , Klein Alexander , Wegener Bernd , Büttner Andreas , Lahner Matthias
Published: March 2020

Background: High primary stability is the fundamental prerequisite for safe osseointegration of cementless intervertebral disc prosthesis. The aim of our study was to determine the primary stability of intervertebral disc prosthesis with two different anchoring concepts – keel and spike anchoring. Methods: 10 human cadaveric lumbar spine specimens with an ActivL intervertebral disc prosthesis (5 x keel anchoring, 5 x spike anchoring) were tested on a spine simulator. Under axial load, moments of flexion, extension, left and right bending and axial rotation were applied on the lumbar spine specimens through a defined three-dimensional movement program as per ISO 2631 and ISO/CD 18192-1.3 standards. Micro-motion of the implant was measured in every axis for both anchor types and compared using statistical test for significance after calculating 95% confidence intervals. Results: In the transverse axis, the keel anchoring concept showed lower mean values of micro-motion , which was statistically significant (p<0.05) compared to spike anchoring concept. In the sagittal axis, the results were again in favour of the keel anchoring, but did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). The highest micro-motion values were observed in the longitudinal axis. Both concepts showed values around the threshold of primary stability (150 μm) with the spike concept showing lower mean values, but without a statistically significant difference.Conclusions: Both types of anchors met the criteria of primary stability. The keel anchoring shows a slight advantage compared to anchoring with spikes. Direct postoperative active mobilization doesn’t seem to compromise the primary stability of the prosthesis.
Intensive versus non-intensive statin pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yang Xian , Lan Xi , Zhang Xin-Lin , Han Zhong-Lin , Yan Si-Min , Wang Wen-Xiao , Xu Biao , Ge Wei-Hong
Published: March 2020

Background: Studies of intensive statin pretreatment before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was very limited in Chinese and there were no corresponding meta-analysis involving hard clinical endpoints has been published so far. Therefore, the guidelines did not give a positive recommendation, which was inconsistent with Western people. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose statin loading before PCI in Chinese patients through meta-analysis.Method: Relevant studies were identified via search of electronic databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane’s Library to December 2019. The outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), nonfatal myocardial infarction(MI), cardiac death, target vessel revascularization (TVR), myalgia/myasthenia and abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in all enrolled patients were assessed.Results: 12 studies involving 3183 individuals were included in this review．The results showed different from cardiac death and TVR, the incidence of MACE ( RR =0.49, 95% CI : 0.30 to 0.80, P =0.004, I 2 =63%) and nonfatal MI ( RR =0.54, 95% CI : 0.33~ 0.88, P = 0.01, I 2 =62%) between intensive statin and non-intensive statin treatment group were statistically significant. The subgroup analysis further suggested the benefits of different treatment were not consistent. Compared with the preoperative intensive statin therapy, the incidence of MACE and nonfatal MI were significantly elevated in patients receiving placebo or no statin treatment before surgery（ RR =0.47, 95% CI : 0.34～0.65, P <0.00001, I 2 =0%; RR =0.49, 95% CI : 0.35～0.70, P <0.0001, I 2 =0%）. However, the incidence of MACE and nonfatal MI were not statistically significant compared preoperative high-intensity statin therapy with moderate-intensity statin therapy（ RR =0.96, 95% CI : 0.44～2.08, P =0.91, I 2 =11%; RR =1.10, 95% CI : 0.86～1.39, P =0.44）. Besides, The study also demonstrated Asian population were able to tolerate high-intensity atorvastatin during the perioperative period.Conclusion: Compared with placebo or no statin pretreatment, Chinese patients received intensive statin before PCI can further reduce the incidence of MACE and nonfatal myocardial infarction. However there was no significant benefit between high-intensity and moderate-intensity statin. In addition, the Chinese population was well tolerated by preoperative intensive statin pretretment.
Magnitude of anemia and its associated factors among adult patients with HIV/AIDS on anti-retroviral therapy at Jinka town public health facilities, South Omo zone, Southern Ethiopia; cross-sectional study
Authors: Dessu Samuel , Sisay Yordanos , Girma Meseret , Zerihun Eshetu
Published: March 2020

Background: Anemia is Public health problem in persons living with Human immune virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome particularly in peoples taking antiretroviral therapy. It has effect on their quality of life and disease progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Studies regarding anemia among Human immune virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and its associated factors are scarce specifically in remote areas.Method: An institution based Cross-sectional study was employed in Jinka town public health facilities from Feb 18, 2019-March 29, 2019. Systematic random sampling method was used, and a total sample size was 422 were determined. Data was entered using Epi data version 4.4 and analyzed by using SPSS version 25 statistical software. Variables which had a p-value ≤ 0.25 in bivariate analysis were considered as candidates for multivariable regression analysis and variables which had a p-value of ≤0.05 in the multivariable analysis were considered as statistically significant.Result: The overall magnitude of anemia was 33.5 %( 95%CI: 28.8, 38.1). Multivariable analysis showed that unable to read and write (AOR:4.3; 95%CI:1.56,11.96), AZT users(AOR:3.0;95%CI:1.73,5.36), CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3 (AOR:3.6;95%CI:1.63,8.09) and history of opportunistic infection (AOR:4.3; 95%CI:2.43,7.68) were significantly associated with the occurrence of anemia.Conclusion: More than one third of study participants were anemic. Unable to read and write, AZT users, CD4 count less than 200cells/mm3 and history of opportunistic infection were significantly associated with anemia.
Comparison of different kinetic models for dynamic 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma with various, also dual-blood input function
Authors: Geist Barbara Katharina , Xing Haiqun , Wang Jingnan , Shi Ximin , Zhao Haitao , Hacker Marcus , Sang Xinting , Huo Li , Li Xiang
Published: March 2020

Aim: The aim of the study is to establish a 68Ga-FAPI-04 dynamic model in hepatic lesions, to determine the potential role of kinetic parameters in the differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from non-HCC lesions.Methods: 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET dynamic images of 7 HCC lesions and 5 non-HCC lesions from 8 patients were analyzed from their time-activity curve (TACs). Five kinetic models were applied to the TACs, using hepatic artery and/or portal vein as input functions. Results were analyzed according to Akaike and Schwartz information criteria.Results: A two-compartment model using solely a venous input function was most preferred and showed significant differences between healthy regions and lesions in almost all model parameters. Using a two-compartment model with one arterial input function delivered significant differences between HCC and non-HCC regions in the case of K1 (p = 0.03).Conclusion: The established FAPI PET dynamic model in liver lesions suggested that FAPI PET kinetic parameters have the potential to differentiate between HCC and non-HCC lesions.
WITHDRAWN: Role of Organizations in Preparedness and Emergency Response to Flood Disaster in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Babul
Published: March 2020

The present study is to know the role of organizations and make an assessment on their performances regarding preparedness and emergency response of flood disaster affected people. This study has used a mixed-method approach. Flood-affected people were the respondents to evaluate the organizational role. The study reveals that before the flood in 2017 to minimize the loss and damages, the GOs play a very effective role concerning the arrangement of preparatory meetings and preparing shelter centers, and NGOs play a very useful role in making arrangements for awareness-building training. During the emergency period, the GOs played a comparatively better role in providing CI sheets and cash money as relief for establishing housing facilities and emergency support. The NGOs played relatively a better role in providing food, water, clothes, medicine, etc. This study put forward complications such as limited sanctions, disruption of communication, lack of awareness of sufferers, overlapping. This study put forward complications such as limited sanctions, disruption of communication, lack of awareness of sufferers, overlapping.
Lymphoepithelioma-like cholangiocarcinoma in middle-aged woman with Epstein-Barr Virus infection: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Cao Xuequan , Lu Hongsheng , Ruan Zhengying , Zhou Luqing , Cai Xiaobo
Published: March 2020

Background Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma(LELCC) is a rare variant of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), LELCC is composed of prominently reactive lymphoid infiltration and scattered malignant epithelial cells, which may lead to misdiagnosis of pathologist, especially on rapid freezing during operation. Recognizing the tumor is important to avoid misdiagnosis. Case presentation We report a case of LELCC in a 53-year-old Chinese female patient with EBV infection, who was found to have a nodules in the junction of the left and right lobes of the liver on abdominal Computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Microscopically, the boundary of the tumor was clear with incomplete fibrous capsule around the tumor, the tumor was arranged in a nest or tubular gland, tumor cells were cubic, with vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, rare mitotic figures, and abundant lymphoid infiltration and lymphofollicular formation. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were diffusely positive for biliary-type cytokeratins (CK7, CK19), CK8,CK18,Ki-67 proliferation index (about 20%) and negative for CK20, polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) and CD34, hepatic marker (HepPar-1), The tumor-infifiltrating lymphocytes are predominant for CD3 and CD45RO-positive T cells, CD20 and CD79α are positive scattered in the germinal center and surrounding areas. In situ hybridization, EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) was strongly positive in tumor cells. Conclusions The diagnosis of LELCC should be combined with histopathology, immunohistochemistry and EBER detection. There are limited literature reports on the pathological diagnosis and differential diagnosis, additional studies will be needed to needed to clarify the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotype, and differential diagnosis of this disease. It is necessary to master the diagnostic criteria to avoid misdiagnosis for pathologist.
A hot spring Asgard archaeon sheds light on the origin of eukaryotic endosomal system.
Authors: Lin Weili , Fan Lu , Xiao Jing , Fang Sa , Xu Yanbing , Zhao Rui , Qin Rushi , Zhu Ruixin
Published: March 2020

Recent metagenomics studies have identified a novel archaeal superphylum namely Asgard, which are characterized by enriched eukaryotic-specific proteins. In this study, we screened unclassified archaeal genomes in public databases and obtained a high-qualified metagenome-assembled genome that can be assigned as a novel family-level Asgard member namely Odinarchaeceae Tengchong. Metabolic analysis indicates an autotrophic lifestyle of this hot spring archaeon with a complete tetrahydromethanopterin Wood-Ljungdahl pathway for carbon dioxide reduction and an arsenic efflux detoxification. Examination of public databases found that thus far Odinarchaeceae Tengchong may be the only prokaryote that encodes a C-terminal domain of Vps28 in the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT), a critical connector of multiple ESCRT components. Therefore, the identification of this archaeon provides valuable evidence of the archaeal origin of eukaryotic ESCRT. We posit that all the key components of the eukaryotic endosomal system might have evolved from a common ancestor of Asgard archaea and eukaryotes.
A clinical practice evaluating the more appropriate airway humidification methods applied on patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: yin xiaohong , MA Banyou , YANG Lei , SUN Hua , YUN Zhilei , WANG Yuxia
Published: March 2020

Airway humidification is an essential treatment for severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) patients after tracheotomy. To date, there was no relevant quantitative study evaluating these humidification ways and providing the appropriate method for the long-term nursing of these patients. In this study, 150 patients whom received tracheotomy treatment in our hospital from January 2016 to November 2018 were recruited into this study. Subjects were divided into three groups according to the humidification way that they received. The groups were oxygen spraying group (group A), Heat and moisture exchanger (HME) group (group B) and the heating and humidification group (group C). Phlegm viscosity, humidification effect, phlegm formation rate, daily sputum inhalation times, airway spasm, secondary lung infection, daily nursing times, nurses' internal satisfaction were evaluated. The C method is superior to both A and B methods in most aspects. A method trends to happening with insufficient or excessive humidification. Phlegm scab formation is significantly less in group C. The B and C methods had equal humidification effects and need similar daily sputum inhalation nursing. Airway spasm was frequent happened in group A than that in groups B and C. Secondary infection happened in all groups, the number of infected patients showed a decreasing trend and the infection degree showed no difference in the first 7 days between group C and group A. And the severity but not the infection ratio significantly decreased in Group C on the 30 th day. Method A significantly reduced nursing workload, but gained the worst humidification effects. Collectively, C method is more suitable for the airway nursing of patients with severe traumatic brain injury.
Socioeconomic disparities and the distribution of HIV in Cameroon: a multilevel logistic regression analysis
Authors: Yuan Zhongshang , Lin Weiqiang , Tewara Marlvin Anemey , Yunxia Liu , Barong Helen Binang , Nji Che Pantalius , Linda Nguedia Meguimfouet , Ariane Omam Francine , Audre Tchio Tchoumba Michele , Mbah-Fongkimeh Prisca N.
Published: March 2020

Background: There have been controversial debates on the relationship between socioeconomic status and the distribution of HIV in Cameroon. We aim to illustrate the vulnerability of socioeconomic disparities and the risk of getting HIV for public health interventions. Methods: Descriptive statistics was conducted to quantify the socioeconomic gradients of HIV. A Multilevel logistic regression model was used to study the relationship between socioeconomic factors and HIV. The effect of the factors was presented as odds ratios (OR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. We further mapped HIV prevalence in ArcGIS to visualize the regional distribution of HIV.Results: HIV was significantly associated with age (p<0.001), sex (p<0.001) and varies significantly by geographic region (p<0.001), level of education (p=0.001), wealth status (p<0.001), religion (p=0.042), ethnicity (p<0.001) and residence (p=0.001). HIV positive participants were more likely to be women, people with higher educational level, live in urban areas, practice the protestant religious belief, belong to the ethnicity of Kako/Meka/Pygmy and distributed in the East, South, and Yaoundé regions. Age, sex, region, education level, and ethnicity were significantly associated with the odds of having HIV from the multilevel regression model. Conclusion: Our finding recommends for novel intervention programs that will target the various socioeconomic factors associated with the odds of having HIV for proper public health management of the disease in Cameroon.
Zeolite addition to improve biohydrogen production from dark fermentation of organic wastes
Authors: Silva Ana Rita M , Abreu Angela A , Salvador Andreia F , Alves Maria Madalena , Neves Isabel C , Pereira Maria Alcina
Published: March 2020

Background Hydrogen is a clean and renewable energy source that can be produced by biological processes, such as dark fermentation. However, hydrogen production yields are usually low.Results In this work, biohydrogen production from a mixture (1:1) of glucose and arabinose (4.4 g L -1 , in COD) was improved about 1.3 times in batch reactors, and increased 3 times in a continuous reactor (from 143 mL H2 L -1 d -1 to 430 mL H2 L -1 d -1 ), when zeolite type-13X was added. The presence of zeolite led to the stimulation of different metabolic pathways and to changes in the microbial community composition, which seems to be linked to hydrogen production improvement. The zeolite effect in dark fermentation was also verified for more complex substrates. Hydrogen production yield from Sargassum sp., was improved 1.4 times by the presence of zeolite (94.8 L H 2 Kg -1 Sargassum sp . Volatile Solids (VS)).Conclusions The results show that zeolite is suitable to improve biohydrogen production by dark fermentation.