bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
InAlGaP Heterostructures and LEDs optimization
Authors: Didenko Sergey , Rabinovich Oleg , Legotin Sergey , Fedorchenko Irina , Krasnov Andrey , Osipov Yuriy
Published: March 2016

Changing LED performance characteristics, depending on Indium atoms concentration and at different temperatures were simulated. It was suggested that a heterostructure having p-n junction area S0 can be considered as a sum of “SmallLEDs (SLEDs)” electrically connected in parallel. Good correlation in simulation and experimental results has been obtained. It was determined that the best AlGaInP heterostructure contains 5 wide QW (width 10 nm each) in active region. The main thing is that in central ones there is maximum radiation and at the both ends of active region are “barriers” which help to concentrate electrons/holes in active region and additionally “protect” QW from different defects.
The Effect of Plastic Deformation on Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Gd90Ga10 Alloy
Authors: Taskaev Sergey , Skokov Konstantin , Karpenkov Dmitriy , Khovaylo Vladimir V. , Ulyanov Maxim N. , Bataev Dmitriy , Pellenen Anatoliy , Fazlitdinova Alfiya G.
Published: March 2016

In this work we report the results of experimental investigation of the magnetocaloric effect in Gd90Ga10 cold rolled ribbons. A moderate entropy change ΔS = 3.5 J/(kg·K) and magnetocaloric effect ΔT = 3.4K was observed for the as-cast materials in an external magnetic field of 2T which is less by 35% in comparison with the pure gadolinium metal. It was found that a significant (up to 70%) depression of magnetization and magnetocaloric properties developed in the course of plastic deformation can be completely restored by means of a high temperature heat treatment.
The role of geographical indication in supporting food safety: a not taken for granted nexus
Authors: De Rosa Marcello
Published: March 2016

The paper focuses on the role of geographical indication in supporting strategies of food safety. Starting from the distinction between generic and specific quality, the article analyses the main factors influencing food safety in cases of geographical indication products, by stressing the importance of traceability systems and biodiversity in securing generic and specific quality. In the second part, the paper investigates the coordination problems behind a designation of origin and conditions to foster an effective collective action, a prerequisite to grant food safety through geographical indications.
Activity of R(+) limonene against Anisakis larvae
Authors: Giarratana Filippo , Muscolino Daniele , Panebianco Felice , Patania Andrea , Benianti Chiara , Ziino Graziella , Giuffrida Alessandro
Published: March 2016

The aim of this work is to evaluate the activity of R(+) limonene of against Anisakidae larvae. Its effectiveness was tested in vitro. The results obtained showing a significant activity of the compound against Anisakis larvae, suggesting further investigation on its potential use in the industrial marinating process. In this regard, the use of R(+) limonene in seafood products could be interesting, also due the sensory attributes resulting from its use and its relatively safe status.
A culture independent method for the detection of Aeromonas sp. from water samples
Authors: Latif-Eugenín Fadua , Beaz-Hidalgo Roxana , Figueras María José
Published: March 2016

The genus Aeromonas is present in a wide variety of water environments and is recognized as potentially pathogenic to humans and animals. Members of this genus are often confused with Vibrio when using automated, commercial identification systems that are culture-dependent. This study describes a PCR detection method for Aeromonas that is cultureindependent and that targets the gcat (Glycerophospholopid-Cholesterol Acyltransferase) gene, which is specific for this genus. The GCAT-PCR was 100% specific in artificially inoculated water samples, with a detection limit that ranged from 2.5 to 25 cfu/mL. The success at detecting this pathogen in 86 water samples using the GCAT-PCR method was identical to the conventional culturing method when a pre-enrichment step was carried out, yielding 83.7% positive samples. On the other hand, without a pre-enrichment step, only 77.9% of the samples were positive by culturing and only 15.1% with the GCAT-PCR. However, 83.7% positive samples were obtained for the GCAT-PCR when the water volume for the DNA extraction was increased from 400 μL to 4 mL. The proposed molecular method is much faster (5 or 29 h) than the culturing method (24 or 48 h) whether performed directly or after a pre-enrichment step and it will enable the fast detection of Aeromonas in water samples helping to prevent a possible transmission to humans.
In vitro evaluation of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated during traditional Sicilian cheese making
Authors: Macaluso Giusi , Fiorenza Gerlando , Gaglio Raimondo , Mancuso Isabella , Scatassa Maria Luisa
Published: March 2016

Bacteriocins are antimicrobial proteins produced by bacteria that inhibit with a bactericidal or bacteriostatic mode of action, the growth of other bacteria. Many lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce a high diversity of different bacteriocins. Bacteriocinogenic LAB are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) and useful to control the frequent development of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms; for this reason they are commonly used as starter cultures in food fermentations. In this study, the authors describe the results of a screening on 699 LAB isolated from wooden vat surfaces, raw milk and traditional Sicilian cheeses, for the production of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS), by comparing two alternative methods. The antagonistic activity of LAB and its proteinaceous nature were evaluated using the spot on the lawn and the well-diffusion assay and the sensitivity to proteolytic (proteinase K, protease B and trypsin), amylolytic (α-amylase) and lipolytic (lipase) enzymes. The indicator strains used were: Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Salmonella enteritidis. A total of 223 strains (belonged to the species Enterococcus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Leuconostoc spp. and Lactococcus lactis) were found to inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes by using the spot on the lawn method; only 37 of these were confirmed by using the well-diffusion assay. The direct addition of bacteriocin-producing cultures into dairy products can be a more practical and economic option for the improvement of the safety and quality of the final product.
Current status of orthodontic professionals in the Asian Pacific region
Authors: Tanne Kazuo
Published: March 2016

Asian Pacific Orthodontic Society (APOS) was developed in Tokyo on October 1, 2001. Currently, APOS has grown up to a scientific association specified to orthodontics with 18 affiliated societies. However, the status of orthodontic professionals in each society remains unclear beyond our understanding. To this end, I have recently conducted an internet interview to the representatives of affiliated societies. The questionnaire includes the educational system for dentists and orthodontists, the number of orthodontic departments with post-graduate programs, the number of orthodontists or members of each society, orthodontic treatment fee on average, the prevalence of CLP and the treatment, orthodontic treatment for jaw deformity patients, current status of orthodontic treatment with lingual appliances and TADs, important issues for orthodontic specialists, future plans of each society. It is hopefully anticipated that the current status of orthodontic professionals in the Asian Pacific region are well understood by all the APOS members and will become a great benefit for the development of all the affiliate societies.
Extraction mechanics in lingual orthodontics: Challenges and solutions
Authors: Hegde Tushar M. , Doshi Viraj
Published: March 2016

The 21st century has witnessed a slow but sure incorporation of lingual orthodontic protocols into the orthodontic mainstream. Extraction mechanics with lingual orthodontic appliance poses challenges to even the most experienced clinician. This article is a case series of three cases treated by extraction mechanics in a detailed and sequential manner.
Genetic Variations in Bionomics of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) Mosquito Population in Minna, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Ukubuiwe Azubuike C. , Olayemi Israel K. , Jibrin Aisha I.
Published: March 2016

The need to have an improved knowledge on the bioecology of Culex quinquefasciatus, a prerequisite in the development of cost-effective control strategies, has informed the present preliminary investigation to put in better perspective variations that exist in the egg rafts of the species. Freshly laid egg rafts were collected and incubated at ambient temperature in well-labeled plastic trays. The results showed overall inconsistency in all indices monitored for the egg rafts. Generally, survivorship was high for the species. All immature stage and adult parameters measured varied significantly among the egg rafts and between/within sexes of the species. Therefore, this study suggests the presence of inherent variation in the bionomics of egg rafts of C. quinquefasciatus, probably influenced by the environment and hence underscores the need for additional studies to further elucidate the roles of genetics and environment in vectorial competence of the species, in order to develop robust sustainable mosquito vector control protocols.
Компактные и близкие к ним однородные пространства редуктивных групп Ли
Authors: Gorbatsevich Vladimir Vitalyevich
Published: March 2016

Изучаются компактные однородные пространства редуктивных групп Ли, а также некоторые их аналоги и обобщения (квазикомпактные и плезиокомпактные однородные пространства таких групп Ли). Дается описание строения (плезио)равномерных подгрупп в редуктивных группах Ли. Описываются соответствующие однородные пространства, для которых стационарная подгруппа имеет экстремальную (близкую к минимально или максимально возможной) размерность. Охарактеризованы фундаментальные группы (плезио)компактных однородных пространств произвольных редуктивных и полупростых групп Ли.
Библиография: 16 названий.
Understanding cirrus ice crystal number variability for different heterogeneous ice nucleation spectra
Authors: Sullivan Sylvia C. , Morales Betancourt Ricardo , Barahona Donifan , Nenes Athanasios
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Along with minimizing parameter uncertainty, understanding the cause of temporal and spatial variability of the nucleated ice crystal number, Ni, is key to improving the representation of cirrus clouds in climate models. To this end, sensitivities of Ni to input variables like aerosol number and diameter provide valuable information about nucleation regime and efficiency for a given model formulation. Here we use the adjoint model of the adjoint of a cirrus formation parameterization (Barahona and Nenes, 2009b) to understand Ni variability for various ice-nucleating particle (INP) spectra. Inputs are generated with the Community Atmosphere Model version 5, and simulations are done with a theoretically derived spectrum, an empirical lab-based spectrum and two field-based empirical spectra that differ in the nucleation threshold for black carbon particles and in the active site density for dust. The magnitude and sign of Ni sensitivity to insoluble aerosol number can be directly linked to nucleation regime and efficiency of various INP. The lab-based spectrum calculates much higher INP efficiencies than field-based ones, which reveals a disparity in aerosol surface properties. Ni sensitivity to temperature tends to be low, due to the compensating effects of temperature on INP spectrum parameters; this low temperature sensitivity regime has been experimentally reported before but never deconstructed as done here.
Oxygen isotope mass balance of atmospheric nitrate at Dome C, East Antarctica, during the OPALE campaign
Authors: Savarino Joël , Vicars William C. , Legrand Michel , Preunkert Suzanne , Jourdain Bruno , Frey Markus M. , Kukui Alexandre , Caillon Nicolas , Gil Roca Jaime
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Variations in the stable oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric nitrate act as novel tools for studying oxidative processes taking place in the troposphere. They provide both qualitative and quantitative constraints on the pathways determining the fate of atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 = NOx). The unique and distinctive 17O excess (Δ17O = δ17O − 0.52 × δ18O) of ozone, which is transferred to NOx via oxidation, is a particularly useful isotopic fingerprint in studies of NOx transformations. Constraining the propagation of 17O excess within the NOx cycle is critical in polar areas, where there exists the possibility of extending atmospheric investigations to the glacial–interglacial timescale using deep ice core records of nitrate. Here we present measurements of the comprehensive isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate collected at Dome C (East Antarctic Plateau) during the austral summer of 2011/2012. Nitrate isotope analysis has been here combined for the first time with key precursors involved in nitrate production (NOx, O3, OH, HO2, RO2, etc.) and direct observations of the transferrable Δ17O of surface ozone, which was measured at Dome C throughout 2012 using our recently developed analytical approach. Assuming that nitrate is mainly produced in Antarctica in summer through the OH + NO2 pathway and using concurrent measurements of OH and NO2, we calculated a Δ17O signature for nitrate on the order of (21–22 ± 3) ‰. These values are lower than the measured values that ranged between 27 and 31 ‰. This discrepancy between expected and observed Δ17O(NO3−) values suggests the existence of an unknown process that contributes significantly to the atmospheric nitrate budget over this East Antarctic region. However, systematic errors or false isotopic balance transfer functions are not totally excluded.
Properties of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the trade wind marine boundary layer of the western North Atlantic
Authors: Kristensen Thomas B. , Müller Thomas , Kandler Konrad , Benker Nathalie , Hartmann Markus , Prospero Joseph M. , Wiedensohler Alfred , Stratmann Frank
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Cloud optical properties in the trade winds over the eastern Caribbean Sea have been shown to be sensitive to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. The objective of the current study was to investigate the CCN properties in the marine boundary layer (MBL) in the tropical western North Atlantic, in order to assess the respective roles of inorganic sulfate, organic species, long-range transported mineral dust and sea-salt particles. Measurements were carried out in June–July 2013, on the east coast of Barbados, and included CCN number concentrations, particle number size distributions and offline analysis of sampled particulate matter (PM) and sampled accumulation mode particles for an investigation of composition and mixing state with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in combination with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). During most of the campaign, significant mass concentrations of long-range transported mineral dust was present in the PM, and influence from local island sources can be ruled out. The CCN and particle number concentrations were similar to what can be expected in pristine marine environments. The hygroscopicity parameter κ was inferred, and values in the range 0.2–0.5 were found during most of the campaign, with similar values for the Aitken and the accumulation mode. The accumulation mode particles studied with TEM were dominated by non-refractory material, and concentrations of mineral dust, sea salt and soot were too small to influence the CCN properties. It is highly likely that the CCN were dominated by a mixture of sulfate species and organic compounds.
Desertification in Forest, Range and Desert Landuses of Tehran Province, Under the Impact of Climate Change
Authors: Eskandari Dameneh Hadi , Borji Moslem , Khosravi Hassan , Salajeghe Ali
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Persistence of widespread degradation in arid and semi-arid region of Iran necessitates using of monitoring and evaluation systems with appropriate accuracy to determine the degradation process and adoption of early warning systems; because after transition from some thresholds, effective reversible function of ecosystems will not be very easy. This paper tries to monitor the degradation and desertification trends in three land uses including range, forest and desert lands affected by climate change in Tehran province for 2000s and 2030s. For assessing climate changes of Mehrabad synoptic stations the data of two emission scenarios including A2 and B2 were used using statistical downscaling techniques and data generated by SDSM model. The index of net primary production resulting from MODIS satellite images was employed as an indicator of destruction from 2001 to 2010. The results showed that temperature is the most effective driver force which alters the net primary production in rangeland, forest and desert ecosystems of Tehran province. On the basis of monitoring findings under real conditions, in the 2000s, over 60 % of rangelands and 80 % of the forests have been below the average production in the province. On the other hand, the long-term average changes of NPP in rangeland and forests indicated the presence of relatively large areas of these land uses with production rate lower than the desert. The results also showed that, assuming the existence of circumstances of each emission scenarios, the desertification status will not improve significantly in the rangelands and forests of Tehran province.
Discourse change in a changing society: a critical discourse analysis of political advertisement in Jordan before and after the Arab Spring
Authors: Al-Momani Kawakib
Published: March 2016

This study provides a critical discourse analysis of election advertisements in Jordanian society before and after the political uprisings in the Arab world, referred to as the “Arabic Spring”, which started in 2011. It is argued here that these events have left traces on political advertisement. This study aims to uncover the shifts in discourse that have occurred in election advertisements since 2011. To this end, a sum of 150 advertisements from three election campaigns 2007, 2010 and 2013 was collected from different media sources during the campaigns of those elections. The data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The analysis showed that the advertisements of 2013 elections manifested different strategies, addressing mostly sociopolitical issues, compared to the other two elections which showed little political concern and focused on socio-economic issues. It is hoped that this study will contribute to cross cultural understanding, multimodality and critical discourse analysis.
Fraseología y Pragmática en el discurso parlamentario
Authors: G. Burguera-Serra Joan
Published: March 2016

En este estudio se analiza la funcionalidad pragmática del enunciado fraseológico ¡¿Qué le vamos a hacer?! en el discurso parlamentario español. Se plantea, primeramente, una revisión de la caracterización de este enunciado a partir de métodos y categorizaciones diversas. A continuación, se procede a estudiar los usos específicos que desarrolla en el discurso parlamentario, teniendo en cuenta las dinámicas comunicativas que caracterizan este género. Así, se describe ¡¿Qué le vamos a hacer!? como marca de resignación en su vertiente prototípica, y como secuencia irónica o de refuerzo asertivo en sus vertientes periféricas. El análisis toma en consideración, de forma transversal, las consecuencias que los distintos usos del enunciado muestran en relación con el trabajo de imagen de los parlamentarios. En última instancia, se pone de relieve que en el discurso parlamentario, ¡¿Qué le vamos a hacer!? favorece usos en los que el significado convencionalizado que tradicionalmente se atribuye a tal unidad debe reinterpretarse en favor de otros efectos de sentido altamente dependientes del contexto.
The process of constructing ontological meaning based on criminal law verbs
Authors: Felices Lago Ángel
Published: March 2016

This study intends to account for the process involved in the construction of the conceptual meaning of verbs (#EVENTS) directly related to legal aspects of terrorism and organized crime based on the evidence provided by the Globalcrimeterm Corpus and the consistent application of specific criteria for term extraction. The selected 49 concepts have eventually been integrated in the Core Ontology of FunGramKB (Functional Grammar Knowledge Base), a knowledge base which is founded on the principles of deep semantics and is also aimed at the computational development of the Lexical Constructional Model (www.fungramkb.com). To achieve this purpose, key phases of the COHERENT methodology (Periñán Pascual & Mairal Usón 2011) are followed, particularly those which involve the modelling, subsumption and hierarchisation of the aforementioned verbal concepts. The final outcome of this research shows that most of the apparently specialised conceptual units should eventually be included in the Core Ontology instead of the specific Globalcrimeterm Subontology, due to the fact that the semantic content of their corresponding lexical units can be found in widely used learner`s dictionaries and, consequently, this conceptual information is not only shared by the experts in the field but also by the layperson and the average speaker of the language.
Conformación de "ingroups" y "outgroups" en el discurso de los lectores comentaristas en blogs periodísticos
Authors: González Arias Cristian , Satt Román Juan
Published: March 2016

Los blogs se han destacado como facilitadores de la interacción entre personas. Su uso por parte de los periódicos electrónicos, les ha permitido recibir retroalimentación de sus audiencias. Los lectores, además de leer el contenido que allí se ofrece, tienen la posibilidad de reaccionar ante estos, ya sea, cuestionando o complementando la información entregada, o expresando su opinión al respecto. Como una forma de interacción, con frecuencia, los comentadores se atribuyen la representación de grupos, antagonizando con otros grupos. A partir de este fenómeno, nos hemos propuesto estudiar la conformación de estos grupos en el discurso de los lectores-comentaristas con el objetivo de caracterizar estos grupos y describir sus relaciones. Se trabajó sobre un corpus de 580 comentarios realizados a 39 columnas de opinión. El análisis se realizó en base a la Teoría de Relaciones Intergrupales (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) y a la Teoría de la Valoración (Martin & Rose, 2003; Martin & White, 2005).Como resultado, se aprecia que los grupos de identidad con los cuales se identifican los comentaristas se configuran a través de rasgos tales como la nacionalidad, el estatus económico o cultural. La relación que se expresa con aquellos grupos considerados como adversarios (políticos, empresarios, miembros de la iglesia, entre otros), se caracteriza por ser asimétrico y de carácter hostil. Los comentaristas se sitúan en una posición de desventaja, expresando su parecer respecto al rol que cumplen los grupos de adversarios dentro de la sociedad.
Editorial núm 12
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: March 2016

idth: 0px; "> En el número No.12, año No.3, de la REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE FAREM-Estelí se comparten con ustedes cinco artículos científicos provenientes de investigaciones de campo y documentales realizadas por docentes y estudiantes de pregrado de la UNAN-FAREM-Estelí, dos corresponden al Área de Ciencias Económicas, dos de Ciencias Sociales, uno de Educación y uno de Ciencias Energéticas. También se han incluido cuatro ensayos realizados por dos docentes-investigadores que estudian el doctorado en Educación e Intervención Social facilitado por la UNAN-Managua.
Efectos de las estrategias empresariales de los AGENTES BANPRO en la SATISFACCION DE LOS CLIENTES en la ciudad de Estelí en el año 2014
Authors: González Navarrete José Miguel , Ruiz Reyes Keylin Haritza , Ruiz González Mileyda Lisseth , Castillo Herrera Beverly
Published: March 2016

El presente trabajo determina los efectos de las estrategias empresariales de los agentes BANPRO para diseñar propuestas que mejore la satisfacción de los clientes y agentes en la ciudad de Estelí en el año 2014. El desarrollo de este estudio se hizo tomando en cuenta el enfoque cualitativo. El universo de estudio fue 23 agentes los cuales se encuentran ubicados en el municipio, con un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico porque los sujetos de consulta son elegidos en base a criterios selectivos como: Propietarios de establecimientos bancarios, clientes de BANPRO que usan este servicio, disponibilidad de las personas en brindar la información.Los instrumentos utilizados en el estudio fue la entrevista, guía de observación y por carácter del segundo objetivo se aplico encuestas dirigidas a clientes. Una limitante para el crecimiento de estos agentes es la publicidad muchos clientes desconoce este servicio y es inevitable su desconfianza al utilizarlo por primera vez, otra es la ubicación del POS dentro del local porque no garantiza la seguridad del cliente, haciendo que los usuarios recurran a las sucursales bancarias para realizar sus pagos.Es fundament al que BANPRO diseñe planes estratégicos para mejorar las limitantes que tienen como diseñar ventanillas para estos establecimientos y la importancia de invertir en publicida para dar a conocer lo que se oferta.
Anna
Authors: Wandycz Piotr S.
Published: March 2016

In 1954 I was offered a teaching position in the Department of History at Indiana University in Bloomington. This was largely due to the fact that my former Cambridge tutor Norman J. G. Pounds was organizing a center of Russian and Eastern European studies at IU. He brought in not only historians but also language teachers. So two Poles, Feliks Jabłonowski and Wacław Soroka, came with their families to Bloomington as teachers. I was very pleased for I felt rather isolated in the typically Midwestern Hoosier milieu. The Polish contingent grew significantly when in 1957 the graduate school admitted the first Polish student in my field. Her name was Anna Maria Cienciala. The name was not unfamiliar. The Cienciala family was well known in Teschen, Silesia (Zaolzie), for propagating the Polish culture endangered by German and Czech expansion. Anna’s father, however, was appointed director of the Polish Naval Agency in 1927 and moved to Gdańsk (then the Free City of Danzig), where Anna was born in 1929. She spent her childhood in Gdynia attending the school of Sister Ursulines. Her upbringing was very patriotic, and she spent most of her holidays in Poland. In those days Danzig was, in the words of Marshal Piłsudski, “the barometer of German- Polish relations.” Anna was aware of the growing tensions. She later recalled a characteristic episode while walking with her sister in Gdańsk. Naturally, they conversed in Polish, and when a uniformed German Nazi admonished them, “Deutsch sprechen,” she responded, “Dass ist doch eine Freie Stadt.”
Tribute to Anna
Authors: Hetherington Peter
Published: March 2016

I like to think of myself as Anna Cienciala’s student. Anna was one of the most outstanding teachers I have ever known, yet I never attended any of her classes or met her in person. How I came to know Anna requires some explanation. In 2012, I completed a biography of Joseph Piłsudski. The book was unusual in that it was written by someone who was not a historian. Not sure whether the book was worthy of further refinement, I scanned the Internet for “Polish historians” and sent copies to those unlucky enough to be on the list. Surprisingly, some of those contacted sent words of encouragement, and one, Ewa Thompson, research professor of Slavic studies at Rice University, even agreed to meet to discuss the project. For reasons unknown, Ewa helped edit the book and encouraged me to conduct further research. In addition, despite my glaring lack of credentials, she offered to introduce me to other Polish historians.
Prelude to Arms: Polonia and the Struggle for Polish Independence in World War I
Authors: Hapak Joseph T.
Published: March 2016

The cause of restoring an independent Poland stirred much interest among the American Polonia during World War I. The Polish Falcons and Polish National Alliance were especially active in the struggle. These efforts needed to be carried out discreetly or in the form of individual voluntarism in the earlier phases of the conflict, so as not to conflict with the policy of US neutrality. After the entrance of the United States into the Allied coalition in 1917, a considerable number of volunteers from America swelled the ranks of the Polish armed forces.
Relationship of Zinc and Magnesium Serum Levels with Postpartum Depression in Tabriz-Iran
Authors: Edalati-Fard Fatemeh , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi Sakineh , Farshbaf-Khalili Azizeh
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: According to the World Health Organization, depression will be the second prevalent problem after ischemic heart diseases by the year 2020. Postpartum depression (PPD) as a major depressive episode has devastating impacts on the health of mother, newborn, infant, and even the whole family. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship of zinc and magnesium serum levels with PPD, as one of the commonly assumed causes of depression.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on 122 postpartum women aged 18 years and more in two educational hospitals and one non-educational hospital in Tabriz-Iran, 2015. The eligible women were selected using convenience sampling method. Then, the demographic characteristics questionnaire and Edinburgh Depression Scale were completed by participants, and 5cc of blood sample was drawn from each participant. For data analysis, logistic regression test was used.

RESULTS: The mean score of depression scale was 8.0 (SD: 4.7), meaning that 18.9% of mothers were depressed. Results indicated a significant inverse correlation between Edinburgh depression score and magnesium serum level (p= 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the zinc serum level and Edinburgh depression score (p=0.831), in so far as based on logistic regression analysis, increased magnesium serum level decreased the odds of depression [Odds ratio: 0.05; CI 95%: 0.01 to 0.29].

CONCLUSIONS: In this study, there was a significant inverse relationship between magnesium serum level and Edinburgh depression score.
Cat, Dog and Horse Allergens in Swedish Day Care Centres-Associations with Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) among Day Care Centre Staff
Authors: Norbäck Dan , Cai Gui-Hong , Kreft Ivan , Wieslander Gunilla
Published: March 2016

PURPOSE: To study associations between cat, dog and horse allergens in day care centres and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), eosinophilic cationic protein (ECP) in serum, lung function (FEV1) and dyspnoea in day care centre staff. Totally 62 subjects, all females, from five Swedish day care centres participated (participation rate 90%).

METHODS: Dust was collected by vacuum cleaning and Petri dish sampling and analysed for cat (Fel d 1), dog (Can f 1) and horse (Ecu cx) allergens by ELISA. Dyspnoea was measured on an analogue rating scale. FeNO, serum ECP and symptom ratings were log-transformed. Associations were analysed by linear mixed models, adjusting for personal and home environment factors.

RESULTS: Geometric mean (GM) value for allergens in vacuumed dust were 1199 ng/g for Fel d 1, 666 ng/g for Can f 1 and 478 U/g for Equ cx, respectively. GM value for allergens in Petri dish samples (ng/m2 per day) was 29.8 for Fel d 1 and 9.1 for Can f 1, respectively. Cat allergen (Fel d 1) were positively associated with FeNO both in vacuumed dust (p=0.03) and in Petri dish samples (p=0.03). Dog allergen (Can f 1) in Petri dish samples was negatively associated with FeNO (p=0.02). Horse allergen (Equ cx) in vacuumed dust was negatively associated with FeNO (P=0.03).

CONCLUSION: Cat, dog and horse allergens were commonly found and cat allergen in day care centres can be a risk factor for lower airway inflammation, measured as FeNO, while dog and horse allergens were associated with lower FeNO.
Do Military Expenditure and Conflict Affect Economic Growth in Sri Lanka? Evidence from the ARDL Bounds Test Approach
Authors: Sithy Jesmy Abdul Rasheed , Abd Karim Mohd Zaini , Applanaidu Shri Dewi
Published: March 2016

Conflicts in the form of civil war, ethnic tensions and political discord are of enduring concern and a major bottleneck to economic development in Sri Lanka. Three decades of civil war and unethical political culture have caused severe economic problems for the country, including slower rate of growth and a huge defence expenditure. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of military expenditure and conflict on per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka from 1973 to 2014 using the Solow growth model and ARDL bounds test approach. The results of the bounds test are highly significant and lead to cointegration. The negative and significant coefficients of the error correction term illustrate the expected convergence process in the long-run dynamic of per capita GDP. The estimated empirical results show that, the coefficients of military expenditure and conflict are negative and statistically significant in the short-run as well as in the long-run in determining per capita GDP growth rate in Sri Lanka. Hence, it is critically important to take necessary action to decrease military expenditure and provide an efficient political solution to the problem of minorities, specifically in the post-war period.
Time Series Modelling of Inflation in Botswana Using Monthly Consumer Price Indices
Authors: Molebatsi Kesaobaka , Raboloko Mpho
Published: March 2016

This paper identifies an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA (1,1,1)) model that can be used to model inflation measured by the consumer price index (CPI) for Botswana. The paper proceeds to improve the model by incorporating the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (ARCH/GARCH) model that takes into consideration volatility in the series. Ultimately, CPI is forecast using the two models, ARIMA (1, 1, 1) and ARIMA (1, 1, 1) + GARCH (1, 2) and compared with the actual CPI. Both models perform well in terms of forecasting as their 95 percent confidence intervals cover the actual CPI. Marginal differences that favour the inclusion of the ARCH/GARCH components were observed when testing for normality among error terms. The paper also reveals that volatility for Botswana’s CPI is low as shown by small values of ARCH/GARCH components.
Impact of Budget Deficit on Private Consumption inWAEMU Countries: Evidence from Pooled Mean Group Estimation
Authors: Keho Yaya
Published: March 2016

This study empirically investigates the impact of budget deficit on private consumption in seven member countries of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), namely Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. It applies the pooled mean group estimation method to annual data covering the period 1970 to 2013. The results show that budget deficit and per capita GDP have long run positive effects on household consumption whereas inflation rate is detrimental to private consumption. This suggests that private consumption cannot be held responsible for any crowding-out effects that budget deficit might have on long run aggregate demand and economic growth in WAEMU countries. Therefore, restricting the size of budget deficits is costly for the development of WAEMU countries.
The Impact of Islamic Banking on the Jordanian Economy Compared with Commercial Banks
Authors: Al-shawawreh Taha Barakat
Published: March 2016

This research aims to evaluate the role of Islamic Banking in supporting the economic growth in Jordan, compared y commercial banks. Data was collected from the literature and the annual reports of two Jordanian banks representing Islamic and commercial banks. By analyzing the figures of the two banks, the results showed that Islamic banks have more ability to support the economic development in the Kingdom.
On the existence of two stationary solutions for a free boundary problem describing cell motility
Authors: Monobe Harunori
Published: March 2016

This paper is concerned with the existence of stationary solutions for a free boundary problem related to cell motility. In recent years, the author and Ninomiya \cite{monobe_ninomiya} showed that there exist at least two stationary solutions with disk-shaped domains in isotropic boundary conditions. In this paper, it will be shown that there exist exactly two stationary solutions for the free boundary problem under the same boundary conditions. The proof is based on the weak maximum principle and the mean-valued theorem.
A reaction-diffusion system and its shadow system describing harmful algal blooms
Authors: Kondo Shintaro , Mimura Masayasu
Published: March 2016

The occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HAB) in ecosystems is a worldwide environmental issue that currently needs to be addressed. An attempt to theoretically understand the mechanism behind the formation of HAB has led to the proposal of a reaction-diffusion model of the Lotka--Volterra type. In particular, a shadow system, as a limiting system of the model in which the diffusion rate tends to infinity, has been proposed to study whether or not stable nonconstant equilibrium solutions of the system exist, because these solutions are mathematically associated with HAB. In this paper, we discuss the convergence property between solutions of the full system and its shadow system from the point of view of an evolutional problem.
¿Cómo se conceptualiza la energía en las unidades didácticas de biología?
Authors: Pérez Murugó Marta , Marbà Tallada Anna , Izquierdo Mercé
Published: March 2016

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la visión biológica del concepto energía que se aplica actualmente en las aulas a partir del análisis de diversos libros de texto, en papel y digitales. Se pretende analizar cuál es el concepto de energía que aparece en los textos y en los ejercicios del final de la unidad didáctica, así como identificar una posible relación entre la demanda cognitiva de los ejercicios de final de unidad y la manera de presentar el concepto de energía. Los resultados muestran una multiplicidad de ideas respecto al concepto de energía tanto en los textos como en los ejercicios analizados, siendo las más comunes las relacionadas con la idea de flujo y almacenaje, llegando a detectar diferentes ideas del concepto de energía dentro de una misma unidad didáctica. Respecto al análisis de la demanda cognitiva de los ejercicios de final de unidad, los resultados muestran un claro dominio de las actividades de menor demanda cognitiva, destacando el hecho de que mayoritariamente en ellos no se trabaja el concepto de energía sino que, por ejemplo, se limitan a solicitar al alumnado definiciones o la elaboración de listas de órganos y orgánulos.
¿Qué pensaban los estudiantes de la diplomatura de maestro de educación primaria sobre las clases de ciencias de sus prácticas de enseñanza?
Authors: De Pro Bueno Antonio , Nortes Martínez-Artero Rosa María
Published: March 2016

En nuestro sistema educativo se suceden las reformas con bastante celeridad. Creemos que es preciso disponer de información sobre lo que ha sucedido con cada una de ellas para poder valorar qué aporta la siguiente. En este trabajo nos hemos ocupado del título de Diplomado en Maestro (Especialidad de Educación Primaria). Hemos querido encontrar respuestas al interrogante: ¿qué pensaban los futuros maestros –formados en aquel plan de estudios– de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias que se encontraron durante sus prácticas de enseñanza? Los resultados nos llevan a establecer conclusiones respecto a la enseñanza de las ciencias en educación primaria y a identificar algunos logros y debilidades de la titulación mencionada.
Hypertonic Saline for the Treatment of Bronchiolitis in Infants and Young Children: A Critical Review of the Literature
Authors: Baron Jeffrey , El-Chaar Gladys
Published: March 2016

Bronchiolitis, an infection of the lower respiratory tract, is the leading cause of infant and child hospitalization in the United States. Therapeutic options for management of bronchiolitis are limited. Hypertonic saline inhalation therapy has been studied in numerous clinical trials with mixed results. In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published updated guidelines on the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis, which include new recommendations on the use of hypertonic saline. We reviewed all published clinical trials mentioned in the 2014 AAP guidelines, as well as additional trials published since the guidelines, and critically evaluated each trial to determine efficacy, safety, and expectations of hypertonic saline inhalation therapy. A total of 2682 infants were studied over the course of 22 clinical trials. Nine trials were carried out in the outpatient/clinic/emergency department and 13 in the inpatient setting. We agree with the AAP guidelines regarding the recommendation to use nebulized hypertonic saline for infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis, with the expectation of reducing bronchiolitis scores and length of stay when it is expected to last more than 72 hours. However, we also believe there might be an advantage for hypertonic saline in reducing admission rates from the emergency department, based on close examination of the results of recent trials. This review also highlights important gaps in the available literature that need to be addressed in order to define the role of inhaled hypertonic saline therapy.
L’Europe en soi: proposition pour un récit politique européen
Authors: Toni Ramoneda
Published: March 2016

This article proposes a narrative voice for European politics by the use of some interviews that have been made with political actors that work or have worked in the European institutions. The paper explores within the theoretical frame of Habermas discursive rationality the existence of a European being by means of utterance. A European narrative thus appears in the words pronounced by the actors having been interviewed. Indeed as far as we follow the theory of institutional facts, the discursive rationality and the concept of claim as a political action, this narrative becomes by itself the Europe in utterance.
What It Means to Be European: Alexis Tsipras’s Victory in Blogs and Online Newspapers
Authors: Giorgia Riboni
Published: March 2016

Starting from the assumption that new media play a crucial role in circulating discourses about Europe, this paper sets out to compare the representations of the Union circulated by the online press of two member states, Italy and the UK, which have been participating in the European political project to a significantly different extent. Two comparable corpora consisting of texts posted by online newspapers and blogs in Britain and in Italy in the period January 24-26, 2015 on occasion of Greece’s general election have been collected and analyzed. The data obtained thanks to the utilization of a methodological toolkit combining Critical Discourse Analysis and Corpus Linguistics reveal the presence of common discourses about the possible causes of the electoral outcome in Greece, i.e. the victory of a mildly eurosceptic party, and about the ways in which the Greek political scene can affect that of other member states. Conversely, remarkable differences as to what it means to be part of the European Union emerge in the study: whereas British media discourse considers the EU mainly as an economic reality, their Italian counterparts construct it as a geocultural and political entity.
Anadolu’da Harp Yılları, Hilal-i Ahmer Mecmuası ve Dönemin Toplumsal Sorunları /
War Years in Anatolia, Red Crescent Society and Social Problems of that Period</i
Authors: KORKUT HASAN
Published: March 2016

Öz 1863'de kurulan Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti Balkan ve Birinci Dünya Savaşları’nda önemli vazifeler ifa etti. 1911-1921 arası dönem Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti açısından çok önem arz etmektedir. Trablusgarp Savaşı ile başlayıp Birinci Dünya Savaşı ile sonuçlanan dönemde Osmanlı Hilal-i Ahmer Cemiyeti Osmanlı askeri kurumlarıyla işbirliği içinde önemli vazifeler görmüştür. Gerek cephedekilere ve gerek cephe gerisinde kalanlara, özellikle yaşlı, kadın ve çocuklara yaptığı yardımlar ile dönemin kanayan yaralarına merhem oldu. Esirlerle ve muhacirlerle ilgili meseleler ile çok yakından ilgilendi. Ayrıca Cemiyet toplumsal felaketler, yaygın hastalıklar ve hıfzıssıhha alanında halka önemli yardımlarda bulunmuştur. Abstract The Ottoman Red Crescent Society was established in 1863 and it carried out important functions during the Balkan and First World Wars. The period of 1911-1923 was a crucially important era for the Ottoman Red Crescent. In a period of continuing wars starting with the War of Tripoli and lasting until the end of the First World War, the Ottoman Red Crescent worked in close collaboration with the Ottoman military establishment. In addition to opening hospitals to the wounded, it also handled the complicated case of the prisoners of war. Besides these fundamental tasks, the Ottoman Red Crescent had also performed a variety of activities such as significant assistances by establishing accommodation to the refugees, women and old people. The Ottoman Red Crescent also supported population against the social disasters, common diseases and health issues.
Basında Yer Alan Namus Cinayetlerinin Sosyolojik Analizi /
A Sociological Analysis of Honor Killings Reported by the Mass Media
Authors: İNCİ Ülkü Hayriye
Published: March 2016

Öz Erkek egemen toplumlarda kadına yönelik şiddetin kısmi bir kabul gördüğü bilinmektedir. Kadına yönelik şiddetin özel bir şekli de namus cinayetleridir. Son zamanlarda ulusal medyada kendisine oldukça fazla yer bulan namus cinayetleri, sosyolojik çalışmalarda da kendisine yer bulmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de son zamanlarda oldukça sık tartışılan namus cinayetlerinin sosyal ve kültürel hayattaki durumunu tartışmaya açmaktadır. Çalışma basında yer alan namus cinayetleri ile sınırlıdır. Çalışmada içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye’de meydana gelen namus cinayetlerinin yoğun olarak ortaya çıktığı bölgelerdeki sosyal sorunlar, farklı bölgelerdeki sosyal yapının namus cinayetlerini nasıl etkilediği, toplumda nasıl yansıma bulduğu ve özellikle kadınlar tarafından nasıl algılandığı konusu, basına yansıyan haberlerin içerik çözümlemesiyle ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Abstract Violence against women is somewhat acceptable in societies which dominated by the patriarchal system. One of the aspects of violence against women is honor killings. Nowadays, honor killings take place pretty much in Turkish national media. This article discusses the social and cultural basis of honor killings debated quite often recently. The work is limited to honor killings reported by mass media. In the work the content analysis method was used. In this context, social problems and social structures of different regions of Turkey analyzed to determine the source of problem. Additionally, the place of the honor killings, how they come up, and their effects on women and society have been presented with the content analysis of the news on the media.