bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sur la répétition de la préposition en vieux russe et les structures à préposition non initiale dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes
Authors: Le Feuvre Claire
Published: January 2018

La répétition de la préposition devant les modifieurs du nom dans un SPrep., fréquente en vieux russe et attestée dans d’autres langues slaves, est liée à un ordre des mots marqué, et a de ce fait une fonction pragmatique. C’est un argument en faveur de l’analyse de Borkovskij, qui voyait dans la répétition de la préposition une emphase sur le modifieur, contre l’analyse de Worth (1982) qui y voit un phénomène mécanique (suivi par Klenin 1989, Zaliznjak 1986). on propose d’analyser la répétition de la préposition comme le résultat d’une anticipation de la préposition non initiale dans une structure [ Adj. Prep. N], [ Da Prep. N], ou [ N Prep. Adj.], [ N Prep. Da], très bien attestée dans les langues indo-européennes anciennes : [ Adj. Prep. N] devient [ Prep. Adj. Prep. N], conformément à la règle synchronique qui veut que la préposition soit en première position du SPrep. ; parallèlement, [ N Prep. Adj.] devient [ Prep. N Prep. Adj.]. L’ancienne préposition régissante, proclitique, qui fait corps avec N dans [ Adj. Prep. N], avec Adj. dans [ N Prep. Adj.], est conservée à sa place ancienne. Le développement symétrique est bien attesté en grec et en sabellique pour des postpositions, [ Adj. Postp N] devenant [ Adj. Postp. N Postp.] (grec homérique hon de domon de «vers sa maison » , réfection de * hon de domon, litt. sa-vers maison ; sudpicénien

esmen vepeten «dans cette pierre » , litt. «cette-dans pierre-dans » , ancien [ Da Postp. N]). La structure [ Adj. Prep. N] ou [ N Prep. Adj.] avec extraposition d’un constituant correspondait en effet à une mise en relief de ce dernier, et la structure héritière avec préposition répétée continue cette même fonction. Le vieux russe a éliminé la structure [ Prep. Adj. Prep. N], attestée en vieux slave et connue des byliny,

au profit de [ Prep. N Prep. Adj.], structure marquée en face de la structure non marquée [ Prep. Adj. N], parce que la mise en relief de l’adjectif est normalement assurée en russe par sa postposition. Les textes montrent une tendance à la grammaticalisation de ce tour aux dépens de sa valeur énonciative, notamment avec une apposition. Cette même structure se rencontre quand l’expansion de N est un complément de nom au génitif : elle a la même origine et remonte à [ NCt Prep. N], remodelé en [ Prep. NCt Prep. N], elle accompagne aussi un ordre des mots marqué avec complément de nom antéposé, mais elle semble avoir acquis dans ce cas spécifique une fonction syntaxique de désambiguïsation et de marque du régime disjoint de la préposition.
"Взятие редута": Мериме и Лермонтов ["L’Enlèvement de la Redoute" : Mérimée et Lermontov]
Authors: Nikolaeva Tatiana Mikhailovna
Published: January 2018

В русском лермонтоведении принято было считать, что стихотворение Лермон-това «Бородино » (1837) было переработкой его раннего стихотворения «Поле Бородина » (1830). Однако анализ текстов обоих стихотворений Лермонтова и сравнение «Бородино » с очерком Проспера Мериме l’Enlèvement de la redoute,

проведенный автором статьи, показал, что текст «Бородино » гораздо ближе к тексту П. Мериме по текстуальным показателям, чем к раннему стихотворению Лермонтова. Т. Николаева предполагает, что Лермонтов ознакомился в период с 1830 по 1837 год с новеллой Проспера Мериме.
L’image de Napoléon dans la culture populaire russe au XIXe siècle
Authors: Tchoudinov Alexandre V.
Published: January 2018

Образ Наполеона в народной культуре России XIX века

В российском фольклоре XIX века образ иностранного неприятеля прошлых времен

– шла ли речь о татарах, поляках, турках или французах в целом – изображался в соответствии с традиционным архетипом : иноземный враг – всегда свирепый разбой-ник и губитель веры православной. Этни-ческие черты этого образа были размы-тыми : в разных версиях одного и того же сочинения татары легко могли заменяться поляками, турки – французами, и всё это без ущерба для сути текста. Не приходится говорить и о какой-либо персонификации подобного образа, за единственным, од-нако, исключением, каковым был образ Наполеона. Проведенные на исходе XIX в. этнографические исследования показали, что из всех зарубежных исторических дея-телей только Наполеона крестьяне знали практически по всей России, причем, одобряя разгром его Великой армии в

1812 году, к самому французскому импе-ратору относились с долей сочувствия. Ис-следовав эволюцию этого образа в народ- ной культуре России на протяжении XIX в., автор статьи пришел к выводу, что подоб-ная противоречивость, очевидно, была свя-зана с бытованием среди русского народа в некоторые периоды истории легенды о Наполеоне как возможном освободителе крепостных людей от неволи.
Resident Attitudes Toward Future Tourism Development: "it's a Question of Trust"
Authors: Cárdenas David A. , Meng Fang , Hudson Simon , Thal Karen
Published: January 2018

Extensive research has examined resident attitudes toward local tourism development, yet many gaps still remain. The most prominent framework used to examine resident attitudes is social exchange theory (SET), with trust being one of its main constructs. This study expands on previous
research about resident attitudes by examining the antecedent of trust—trustworthiness (ability, benevolence, and integrity)—as it relates to future tourism development. Residents in a small town in the south-eastern US were surveyed to determine their level of trustworthiness
with the local Chamber of Commerce, which was proposing the development of a new international horse park. Principle component analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were conducted. Analysis of the data indicates that trustworthiness is a unidimensional structure and positively
predicts resident support.
The Relative Influence of Travel Favorability And Importance on Travel Behavior
Authors: Chen Chun-Chu
Published: January 2018

Tourism scholars have applied the concept of attitude to examine a variety of topics related to tourism behaviors. Unfortunately, these studies have focused primarily on a respondent's favorability toward travel at the exclusion of at least on other potentially important predictor.
Specifically, this research proposes that the concept of travel importance, defined as the degree of priority a person attaches to travel, is a relevant variable that should be included in the analysis of travel behaviors. Based on results from a US sample (n = 559), the hypothesis
is confirmed. It is also found that people who perceive travel as more important to their life are more likely to actively and passively search for information about future travel plans, resulting in more frequent travel. The article concludes with recommendations for marketing tourism products
and destinations.
An Investigation of the Ranges of Validity of Asteroid Thermal Models for Near-Earth Asteroid Observations
Authors: Mommert M. , Jedicke R. , Trilling D. E.
Published: January 2018

The majority of known asteroid diameters are derived from thermal-infrared observations. Diameters are derived using asteroid thermal models that approximate their surface temperature distributions and compare the measured thermal-infrared flux with model-dependent predictions. The most commonly used thermal model is the Near-Earth Asteroid Thermal Model (NEATM), which is usually perceived as superior to other models like the Fast-Rotating Model (FRM). We investigate the applicability of the NEATM and the FRM to thermal-infrared observations of Near-Earth Objects using synthetic asteroids with properties based on the real Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) population. We find the NEATM to provide more accurate diameters and albedos than the FRM in most cases, with a few exceptions. The modeling results are barely affected by the physical properties of the objects, but we find a large impact of the solar phase angle on the modeling results. We conclude that the NEATM provides statistically more robust diameter estimates for NEAs observed at solar phase angles less than ∼65°, while the FRM provides more robust diameter estimates for solar phase angles greater than ∼65°. We estimate that <5% of all NEA diameters and albedos derived up to date are affected by systematic effects that are of the same order of magnitude as the typical thermal model uncertainties. We provide statistical correction functions for diameters and albedos derived using the NEATM and FRM as a function of solar phase angle.
Exploring the Chemical Composition and Double Horizontal Branch of the Bulge Globular Cluster NGC 6569
Authors: Johnson Christian I. , Rich R. Michael , Caldwell Nelson , Mateo Mario , Bailey John I. , Olszewski Edward W. , Walker Matthew G.
Published: January 2018

Photometric and spectroscopic analyses have shown that the Galactic bulge cluster Terzan 5 hosts several populations with different metallicities and ages that manifest as a double red horizontal branch (HB). A recent investigation of the massive bulge cluster NGC 6569 revealed a similar, though less extended, HB luminosity split, but little is known about the cluster’s detailed chemical composition. Therefore, we have used high-resolution spectra from the Magellan–M2FS and VLT–FLAMES spectrographs to investigate the chemical compositions and radial velocity distributions of red giant branch and HB stars in NGC 6569. We found the cluster to have a mean heliocentric radial velocity of −48.8 km s−1 (σ = 5.3 km s−1; 148 stars) and

dex (19 stars), but the cluster’s 0.05 dex [Fe/H] dispersion precludes a significant metallicity spread. NGC 6569 exhibits light- and heavy-element distributions that are common among old bulge/inner Galaxy globular clusters, including clear (anti)correlations between [O/Fe], [Na/Fe], and [Al/Fe]. The light-element data suggest that NGC 6569 may be composed of at least two distinct populations, and the cluster’s low

dex indicates significant pollution with r-process material. We confirm that both HBs contain cluster members, but metallicity and light-element variations are largely ruled out as sources for the luminosity difference. However, He mass fraction differences as small as ΔY ∼ 0.02 cannot be ruled out and may be sufficient to reproduce the double HB.
Stellar Spin–Orbit Alignment for Kepler-9, a Multi-transiting Planetary System with Two Outer Planets Near 2:1 Resonance
Authors: Wang Songhu , Addison Brett , Fischer Debra A. , Brewer John M. , Isaacson Howard , Howard Andrew W. , Laughlin Gregory
Published: January 2018

We present spectroscopic measurements of the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect for the planet b of the Kepler-9 multi-transiting planetary system. The resulting sky-projected spin–orbit angle is λ = −13° ± 16°, which favors an aligned system and strongly disfavors highly misaligned, polar, and retrograde orbits. Including Kepler-9, there are now a total of four Rossiter–McLaughlin effect measurements for multiplanet systems, all of which are consistent with spin–orbit alignment.
ALMA 26 arcmin2 Survey of GOODS-S at One-millimeter (ASAGAO): X-Ray AGN Properties of Millimeter-selected Galaxies
Authors: Ueda Y. , Hatsukade B. , Kohno K. , Yamaguchi Y. , Tamura Y. , Umehata H. , Akiyama M. , Ao Y. , Aretxaga I. , Caputi K. , Dunlop J. S. , Espada D. , Fujimoto S. , Hayatsu N. H. , Imanishi M. , Inoue A. K. , Ivison R. J. , Kodama T. , Lee M. M. , Matsuoka K. , Miyaji T. , Morokuma-Matsui K. , Nagao T. , Nakanishi K. , Nyland K. , Ohta K. , Ouchi M. , Rujopakarn W. , Saito T. , Tadaki K. , Tanaka I. , Taniguchi Y. , Wang T. , Wang W.-H. , Yoshimura Y. , Yun M. S.
Published: January 2018

We investigate the X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN) properties of millimeter galaxies in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey South (GOODS-S) field detected with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), by utilizing the Chandra 7-Ms data, the deepest X-ray survey to date. Our millimeter galaxy sample comes from the ASAGAO survey covering 26 arcmin2 (12 sources at a 1.2 mm flux-density limit of

mJy), supplemented by the deeper but narrower 1.3 mm survey of a part of the ASAGAO field by Dunlop et al. Ofthe 25 total millimeter galaxies, 14 have Chandra counterparts. The observed AGN fractions at

are found to be

% and

% for the ultra-luminous and luminous infrared galaxies with log

/

= 12–12.8 and log

/

= 11.5–12, respectively. The majority (∼2/3) of the ALMA and/or Herschel detected X-ray AGNs at z = 1.5−3 appear to be star-formation-dominant populations, having

/

ratios smaller than the “simultaneous evolution” value expected from the local black-hole-mass-to-stellar-mass (

–M
*) relation. On the basis of the

and stellar mass relation, we infer that a large fraction of star-forming galaxies at

have black hole masses that are smaller than those expected from the local

–M
* relation. This contrasts previous reports on luminous AGNs at the same redshifts detected in wider and shallower surveys, which are subject to selection biases against lower luminosity AGNs. Our results are consistent with an evolutionary scenario in which star formation occurs first, and an AGN-dominant phase follows later, in objects that finally evolve into galaxies with classical bulges.
Limits on the Lorentz Invariance Violation from UHECR Astrophysics
Authors: Guedes Lang Rodrigo , Martínez-Huerta Humberto , de Souza Vitor
Published: January 2018

In this paper, the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) is introduced in the calculations of photon propagation in the universe. LIV is considered in the photon sector, and the mean-free path of the

interaction is calculated. The corresponding photon horizon, including LIV effects, is used to predict major changes in the propagation of photons with energy above 1018 eV. The flux of GZK photons on Earth, considering LIV, is calculated for several source models of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The predicted flux of GZK gamma-rays is compared to the new upper limits on the photon flux obtained by the Pierre Auger Observatory in order to impose upper limits on the LIV coefficients of order n = 0, 1, and 2. The limits on the LIV coefficients derived here are more realistic than previous works and in some cases more restrictive. The analysis resulted in LIV upper limits in the photon sector of

,

, and

in the astrophysical scenario, which best describes UHECR data.
Time-dependent Electron Acceleration in Pulsar Wind Termination Shocks: Application to the 2011 April Crab Nebula Gamma-Ray Flare
Authors: Kroon John J. , Becker Peter A. , Finke Justin D.
Published: January 2018

The γ-ray flares from the Crab Nebula observed by AGILE and Fermi-LAT between 2007 and 2013 reached GeV photon energies and lasted several days. The strongest emission, observed during the 2011 April “superflare”, exceeded the quiescent level by more than an order of magnitude. These observations challenge the standard models for particle acceleration in pulsar wind nebulae, because the radiating electrons have energies exceeding the classical radiation-reaction limit for synchrotron emission. Particle-in-cell simulations have suggested that the classical synchrotron limit can be exceeded if the electrons also experience electrostatic acceleration due to shock-driven magnetic reconnection. In this paper, we revisit the problem using an analytic approach based on solving a fully time-dependent electron transport equation describing the electrostatic acceleration, synchrotron losses, and escape experienced by electrons in a magnetically confined plasma “blob” as it encounters and passes through the pulsar wind termination shock. We show that our model can reproduce the γ-ray spectra observed during the rising and decaying phases of each of the two sub-flare components of the 2011 April superflare. We integrate the spectrum for photon energies

MeV to obtain the light curve for the event, which also agrees with the observations. We find that strong electrostatic acceleration occurs on both sides of the termination shock, driven by magnetic reconnection. We also find that the dominant mode of particle escape changes from diffusive escape to advective escape as the blob passes through the shock.
Inverse Compton Scattered Merger-nova: Late X-Ray Counterpart of Gravitational-wave Signals from NS–NS/BH Mergers
Authors: Ai Shunke , Gao He
Published: January 2018

The recent observations of GW170817 and its electromagnetic (EM) counterparts show that double neutron star mergers could lead to rich and bright EM emissions. Recent numerical simulations suggest that neutron star and neutron star/black hole (NS–NS/BH) mergers would leave behind a central remnant surrounded by a mildly isotropic ejecta. The central remnant could launch a collimated jet and when the jet propagates through the ejecta, a mildly relativistic cocoon would be formed and the interaction between the cocoon and the ambient medium would accelerate electrons via external shock in a wide angle, so that the merger-nova photons (i.e., thermal emission from the ejecta) would be scattered into higher frequency via an inverse Compton (IC) process when they propagate through the cocoon shocked region. We find that the IC scattered component peaks at the X-ray band and it will reach its peak luminosity on the order of days (simultaneously with the merger-nova emission). With current X-ray detectors, such a late X-ray component could be detected out to 200 Mpc, depending on the merger remnant properties. It could serve as an important electromagnetic counterpart of gravitational-wave signals from NS–NS/BH mergers. Nevertheless, simultaneous detection of such a late X-ray signal and the merger-nova signal could shed light on the cocoon properties and the concrete structure of the jet.
An Efficient Statistical Method to Compute Molecular Collisional Rate Coefficients
Authors: Loreau Jérôme , Lique François , Faure Alexandre
Published: January 2018

Our knowledge about the “cold” universe often relies on molecular spectra. A general property of such spectra is that the energy level populations are rarely at local thermodynamic equilibrium. Solving the radiative transfer thus requires the availability of collisional rate coefficients with the main colliding partners over the temperature range ∼10–1000 K. These rate coefficients are notoriously difficult to measure and expensive to compute. In particular, very few reliable collisional data exist for inelastic collisions involving reactive radicals or ions. In this Letter, we explore the use of a fast quantum statistical method to determine molecular collisional excitation rate coefficients. The method is benchmarked against accurate (but costly) rigid-rotor close-coupling calculations. For collisions proceeding through the formation of a strongly bound complex, the method is found to be highly satisfactory up to room temperature. Its accuracy decreases with decreasing potential well depth and with increasing temperature, as expected. This new method opens the way to the determination of accurate inelastic collisional data involving key reactive species such as

, H2O+, and H3O+ for which exact quantum calculations are currently not feasible.
D’un siècle à l’autre : salaire minimum, science économique et débat public aux États-Unis, en France et au Royaume-Uni (1890-2015)
Authors: Gautié Jérôme
Published: January 2018

Cet article retrace les débats économiques autour du salaire minimum depuis la fin du xix e  siècle aux États-Unis, en France et au Royaume-Uni (et son Commonwealth), dans leurs dimensions empiriques et théoriques, mais aussi méthodologiques et épistémologiques. L’analyse intègre aussi une approche de sociologie historique des sciences, visant à recontextualiser ces débats en fonction des modes d’articulation de la sphère académique à trois autres sphères : la sphère politique, la sphère administrative et la sphère de la société civile et du monde économique et social. Trois périodes sont distinguées : autour de la première guerre mondiale, des années 1940 aux années 1980, et depuis le début des années 1990. Classification JEL  : J3, J5, N01, N32, N33, N34, N37.
Should the Host Economy Invest in a New Industry?
Authors: Nguyen-Huu Thanh Tam , Pham Ngoc-Sang
Published: January 2018

Nous considérons une petite économie ouverte avec deux secteurs (un ancien produisant un bien de consommation et un nouveau produisant un nouveau bien), deux facteurs de production (capital physique et travail spécifique) et deux firmes hétérogènes dans le nouveau secteur (une firme multinationale et une firme domestique). Tout d’abord, notre modèle montre que dans un pays pauvre caractérisé par un faible rendement de l’éducation et de faibles retombées de l’IDE, la firme domestique ne peut pas entrer dans une industrie demandant un coût fixe élevé. Ensuite, dès lors que le pays d’accueil dispose des conditions nécessaires pour créer la firme domestique, sa productivité est le facteur clé lui permettant d’entrer dans la nouvelle industrie et même d’éliminer la firme multinationale. Enfin, la contrainte de crédit et les élasticités du travail/capital jouent un rôle important dans la compétition entre les firmes. JEL Codes: F23, F4, F62, O3.
Écologie industrielle et territoriale à l’heure de la transition écologique et sociale de l’économie
Authors: Brullot Sabrina , Junqua Guillaume , Zuindeau Bertrand
Published: January 2018

L’écologie industrielle et territoriale ( Eit ) fait l’objet de nombreux travaux scientifiques s’inscrivant dans diverses disciplines allant des sciences de l’ingénieur aux sciences humaines et sociales. La focalisation sur le territoire, ses enjeux et ses acteurs, comme objet d’étude ou encore comme dimensions à considérer dans la mise en œuvre de démarches d’ Eit , caractérise les travaux menés en France dans ce domaine. Afin de faciliter la constitution de la communauté scientifique multidisciplinaire naissante autour de l’ Eit , et le développement de travaux interdisciplinaires, deux colloques ont été organisés par l’Université de technologie de Troyes et l’ Imt Mines d’Alès à Troyes en 2012 et 2014. Cet article vise à introduire le numéro spécial résultant de la seconde édition du colloque ( Coleit 2014), portant sur la problématique de la contribution de l’ Eit à la transition écologique et sociale de l’économie.
La transition écologique des territoires urbano-portuaires
Authors: Beyer Antoine , Lacoste Romuald
Published: January 2018

Si les échanges de flux et de matière dominent les relations industrialo-portuaires, la transition écologique des villes est plus centrée sur l’habitat et des logiques sociales et politiques. Jusqu’à quel point ces deux approches sont-elles alors compatibles ? L'exemple de Strasbourg propose plusieurs résultats : d'abord l’utilité de mobiliser la notion d’écologie industrielle et territoriale dans une approche plus large que celle de la seule symbiose industrielle (Partie 1). Elle permet de définir une cartographie des acteurs strasbourgeois (Partie 2). Si la combinaison des acteurs peut déboucher sur des montages contractuels (Partie 3) et opérationnels (Partie 4), l’incertitude technologique qui pèse encore sur la réalisation des projets rend délicate une conciliation entre ville et port, entre intérêts économiques et écologiques (Partie 5). Ainsi, malgré un intérêt pour le rapprochement des deux types d’acteurs, la déconnexion ville-port persiste donc, du fait même du caractère innovant des réalisations envisagées.
La mobilisation du capital territorial pour le développement d’une logique d’Écologie industrielle et territoriale
Authors: Gobert Julie , Brullot Sabrina
Published: January 2018

L’écologie industrielle ( Ei ) a d’abord été étudiée sous le prisme économique et technique, en considérant que les freins aux démarches d’ Ei se situaient à ce niveau. Cet article, dans la continuité de travaux francophones et anglo-saxons sur l’encastrement social et territorial de l’ Ei , cherche à souligner non seulement l’influence forte des facteurs humains dans ces partenariats particuliers, mais aussi celle des caractéristiques territoriales. Ainsi, l’approche par les capitaux territoriaux permet de mieux appréhender les différentes dimensions du territoire sollicitées ou laissées de côté dans la structuration des démarches d’Écologie industrielle et territoriale ( Eit ). Cet article se fonde sur les résultats de la recherche Eitans (Écologie Industrielle et Territoriale : Analyse des facteurs Socio-économiques et anthropologiques), basée sur trois cas d’études dont l’un est particulièrement exploré ici (celui de l’Aube).
Nouveaux modèles économiques et création de valeur territoriale autour de l'économie circulaire, de l’économie de la fonctionnalité et de l’écologie industrielle
Authors: Maillefert Muriel , Robert Isabelle
Published: January 2018

Ce travail s'intéresse à la construction d'un nouveau concept, la valeur territoriale, et sa relation à la question du développement territorial. Il propose dans un premier temps, une approche généalogique du concept de valeur à partir d'une discussion sur l'entreprise et les business models (modèles d’affaires) soutenables. Les nouvelles formes de valeur (valeur client élargie, valeur partenariale, valeur partagée, etc .) privilégient une définition de la valeur tournée vers l'entreprise (valeur pour l'entreprise), le territoire étant alors exogène. Dans un second temps, nous montrons qu'une nouvelle forme de valeur (valeur territoriale) peut émerger par la combinaison d'un projet territorial (une action collective provenant d'acteurs hétérogènes reposant sur la captation, la réalisation et la redistribution d'externalités sociales positives) et de business models soutenables. La valeur émergente est une valeur pour le territoire. De nouveaux modèles de développement exploratoires, fondés sur ces nouveaux modèles économiques, sont proposés à partir d’études de cas.
Ceuta, dernière frontière
Authors: Detue Frédérik
Published: January 2018

Le corpus littéraire et cinématographique à l’étude dans cet article documente des expériences de migration, depuis l’Afrique subsaharienne jusqu’à l’Europe, en passant par le Maghreb. L’article se concentre notamment sur le témoignage Migrant au pied du mur de Fabien Didier Yene (2010), longtemps bloqué au Maroc aux abords des enclaves espagnoles de Melilla et Ceuta. De façon exemplaire, cette œuvre de littérature atteste des nombreuses violences politiques que subit nécessairement un migrant dès lors que sa mobilité est illégalisée. Outre qu’il met en lumière la fausseté de la culture qui n’a pas transmis de représentations de ces réalités, l’auteur offre de comprendre pas à pas la corrélation entre elles des violences subies, dont le dénominateur commun est la chosification. Son témoignage constitue ainsi in fine une déposition contre la politique migratoire de l’Union européenne, qui, dans sa lutte obsessionnelle contre les migrants, brouille les responsabilités en chaîne de façon à organiser l’impunité.
Récits de vie de femmes migrantes : vers des écritures plurielles de soi
Authors: Leroy Delphine
Published: January 2018

Comment et pourquoi des femmes migrantes se saisissent-elles de l’écriture en langue française aujourd’hui ? C’est à travers des écrits très dissemblables et des récits sur ces pratiques que sera envisagé une forme de puissance d’agir que pourrait susciter certains usages de l’écriture. Cette « auteurisation » transversale à des écritures ordinaires et littéraires (agenda hors d’âge, carnets, récits autobiographiques aux statuts divers, cahiers d’apprentissage du français) serait un moyen de dominer le récit de soi et d’être ainsi à même de le transformer à ses propres yeux comme à celui des autres.
« Au milieu du chemin de notre vie »
Authors: Mantovan Giacomo
Published: January 2018

Cet article porte sur le témoignage des demandeurs d’asile qui se rendent dans un centre de soins pour exilés à Paris – le Comité médical pour les exilés (COMEDE) – pour y recevoir des soins, mais également pour obtenir un certificat attestant qu’ils ont bien été victimes de violence, lequel leur servira pour compléter le dossier de la demande d’asile. S’agissant toujours de patients dans une condition sociale et juridique de grave précarité, la relation avec le médecin devient un acte de témoignage.
On présente ici deux études de cas : la production des certificats médicaux et le récit d’un patient qui, hors du contexte médical, m’a raconté en détail son parcours. Elles nous permettront d’appréhender la manière dont la demande d’asile façonne la forme et le contenu des récits, et influe fortement sur le rôle du COMEDE. Dans le second cas étudié, on montrera que les injonctions sociales de la demande d’asile modifient une règle de la théorie narrative, selon laquelle les narrations s’orientent toujours vers une conclusion.
The Impact of IgG Transplacental Transfer on Early Life Immunity
Authors: Fouda Genevieve G , Martinez David R , Swamy Geeta K , Permar Sallie R
Published: January 2018

Pediatric vaccines have significantly reduced infectious disease–related infant mortality, but as protective immunity often requires several infant vaccine doses, maternally acquired Abs are critical to protect infants during the first months of life. Consequently, immunization of pregnant women is an important strategy not only to protect mothers from infection, but also to provide immunity to young infants. Nevertheless, maternal immunization can also negatively impact early life immunity. In fact, maternal Abs can interfere with the development of infant immune responses, although it is unclear whether such interference is clinically significant. Moreover, the transplacental transfer of maternal Ig therapeutics can be harmful to the fetus. Thus, the risk–benefit of maternal immunization for both the mother and the fetus should be carefully weighed. In addition, it is critical to fully understand the mechanisms by which IgG is transferred across the placenta to develop optimal maternal and infant immunization strategies.
Expression of non-muscle type myosin heavy polypeptide 9 (MYH9) in mammalian cells
Authors: Takubo T , Wakui S , Daigo K , Kurokata K , Ohashi T , Katayama K , Hino M
Published: January 2018

Myosin is a functional protein associated with cellular movement, cell division, muscle contraction and other functions. Members of the myosin super-family are distinguished from the myosin heavy chains that play crucial roles in cellular processes. Although there are many studies of myosin heavy chains in this family, there are fewer on non-muscle myosin heavy chains than of muscle myosin heavy chains. Myosin is classified as type I (myosin I) or type II (myosin II). Myosin I, called unconventional myosin or mini-myosin, has one head, while myosin II, called conventional myosin, has two heads. We transfected myosin heavy polypeptide 9 (MYH9) into HeLa cells as a fusion protein with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and analyzed the localization and distribution of MYH9 in parallel with those of actin and tubulin. The results indicate that MYH9 colocalizes with actin stress fibers. Since it has recently been shown by genetic analysis that autosomal dominant giant platelet syndromes are MYH9-related disorders, our development of transfected EGFP-MYH9 might be useful for predicting the associations between the function of actin polymerization, the MYH9 motor domain, and these disorders.
Effect of retinal ablation on the expression of calbindin D28k and GABA in the chick optic tectum
Authors: DÃ­az de Barboza G , Beltramino C , Britto L , De Olmos J , De Olmos S
Published: January 2018

The effect of retinal ablation on qualitative and quantitative changes of calbindin D28k and GABA expression in the contralateral optic tectum was studied in young chicks. Fifteen days old chicks had unilateral retinal ablation and after 7 or 15 days, calbindin expression was analyzed by Western blot and immunocytochemistry. Neuronal degeneration was followed by the amino-cupric silver technique. After 15 days, retinal lesions produced a significant decrease in calbindin immunostaining in the neuropil of layers 5-6 and in the somata of neurons from the layers 8 and 10 of the contralateral tectum, being this effect less marked at 7 days post-lesion. Double staining revealed that 50-60% of cells in the layers 8 and 10 were calbindin and GABA positive, 30- 45% were only calbindin positive and 5-10% were only GABAergic neurons. Retinal ablation also produced a decrease in the GABA expression at either 7 or 15 days after surgery. At 7 days, dense silver staining was observed in the layers 5-6 from the optic tectum contralateral to the retinal ablation, which mainly represented neuropil that would come from processes of retinal ganglion cells. Tectal neuronal bodies were not stained with silver, although some neurons were surrounded by coarse granular silver deposits. In conclusion, most of calbindin molecules are present in neurons of the tectal GABAergic inhibitory circuitry, whose functioning apparently depends on the integrity of the visual input. A possible role of calbindin in the control of intracellular Ca2+ in neurons of this circuit when the visual transmission arrives to the optic tectum remains to be studied.
Vertical and horizontal distribution of the microcystin producer Planktothrix rubescens (Cyanobacteria) in a small perialpine reservoir
Authors: Boscaini Adriano , Brescancin Flavia , Cerasino Leonardo , Fedrigotti Chiara , Fano Elisa Anna , Salmaso Nico
Published: January 2018

Among cyanobacteria, Planktothrix rubescens (De Candolle ex Gomont) Anagnostidis & Komárek is a species that is well adapted to develop in moderately nutrient rich and deep lakes. In this typology of waterbodies, the competitive abilities of this species rely in its capacity to stand and growth in the dimly illuminated metalimnetic layer during the warmer months. I this work, we have studied the seasonal development and distribution of this species in Lake Ledro, a meso-oligotrophic reservoir located in the Eastern Alps. During the last decade, this species has given rise to numerous and extended surface bloom episodes, causing the reddening of vaste areas of the lake. In summer, the light intensities in the zone of the greater development of this cyanobacterium (in the metalimnion, between the euphotic depth and the layer of maximum development of the species) were bewteen 2 and 20 µmol m-2 s-1, i.e. values that were well within the light intensities required to sustain the optimal growth of filaments. The formation of the autumn and winter blooms was triggered by the cooling of surface waters and increase of the mixed layer, which, eroding the metalimnion, entrained the filaments of Planktothrix in the surface mixed layers. The formation of the surface blooms was associated with the presence of high amounts of microcistins, which in a few occasions reached concentrations between 10 and 22 µg L-1, posing potential problems for the exploitation of water resources.
Biodiversity ecosystem functioning research in freshwater phytoplankton: A comprehensive review of trait-based studies
Authors: Venail Patrick
Published: January 2018

In an effort to reach a clearer mechanistic understanding of the influence of biological diversity on ecosystem functioning, research in the field is increasingly applying a trait-based approach. In this comprehensive review, I searched for and analyzed studies that focused on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (BEF) using a trait-based approach in freshwater phytoplankton from lentic systems (lakes, ponds, reservoirs). I found that this type of studies is very rare and included a plethora of traits, diversity metrics, statistical analyses and study locations that contributed to the high variability in the results they obtained. Overall, trait-based diversity is not a very good predictor of ecosystem functioning in freshwater lentic ecosystems. Null relationships between trait-based diversity and ecosystem functioning in freshwater lentic systems were the more frequent outcome. When significant, the amount of variation in ecosystem functioning explained by trait-based diversity was small. Still, trait-based research remains a promising approach to increase the mechanistic understanding of BEF relationships. For this purpose, studies directly testing the underlying mechanistic rationale, exploring diversity effects on the temporal stability of ecosystem functions, including multiple functions at a time, focusing more in cell size and shape and confirming the relative importance of individual trait variation for ecosystem functioning are needed.
Surfing and dining on the “plastisphere”: Microbial life on plastic marine debris
Authors: Quero Grazia Marina , Luna Gian Marco
Published: January 2018

Plastic marine debris represents a global threat for the marine environment, having serious consequences for the ocean, the wildlife and the human health. While the plastics distribution, fate, persistence and toxicity mechanisms for the marine fauna have been more studied in the last decade, small efforts have been devoted to identify and characterize marine microbes that colonize plastic and microplastic debris in the ocean, and their potential to degrade plastics. Here we review the knowledge on the microbial biodiversity and degradation mechanisms of marine plastic debris, and present data, based on metagenomic analyses, on the distribution patterns of genes potentially involved in microbially-mediated plastic degradation in coastal locations across the global ocean. Most studies on plastic-colonizing microbes have focused on seawater rather than sediment, with most studies underlining striking differences in composition between assemblages attached to plastic particles and those in the surrounding environment. The diversity of microbes attached to plastic is high, and the core epiplastic microbial assemblages include often hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria, as well as prokaryotic and eukaryotic phototrophs. Several marine microbes have shown to be able to degrade or deteriorate plastic in the laboratory, or to grow on plastic as the only source of carbon, while indirect evidences suggest that microbially-mediated degradation of recalcitrant plastics also occur in the ocean, though at very low rates. Metagenomic analyses show that plastic degradation-related genes are present in microbial assemblages in several coastal ocean sites, with relative abundance related to the magnitude of plastic pollution at each site. Further research is required to study microbial plastic-degraders in the marine ecosystem, to decipher and exploit the potential of microbial consortia to degrade or mineralize plastic compounds, and to better understand the fate and residence times of plastic waste in the ocean.
The association between prostatitis and prostate cancer. Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Perletti Gianpaolo , Monti Elena , Magri Vittorio , Cai Tommaso , Cleves Anne , Trinchieri Alberto , Montanari Emanuele
Published: January 2018

Objective: The main outcome of this review was the association between a history of clinical chronic prostatitis (NIH category II or III) and a histologically confirmed diagnosis of prostate cancer. Materials and methods: Crude odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to analyze dichotomous data. For analysis of pooled data we adopted a random-effects model and the inverse variance weighing method. Heterogeneity was assessed by calculating the I2 value. Results: Out of 2794 screened records, we retrieved 16 full-text articles written in English, reporting the data of 15 case-control studies, involving 422.943 patients. Pooled analysis resulted in a significant crude odds ratio of 1.83 (95% CI: 1.43 to 2.35; P < 0.00001). The total set of data showed considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 91%). Both the Egger’s test and the Begg's test for funnel plot asymmetry did not reach statistical significance. The ‘trim and fill’ method applied to the funnel plot imputed 3 missing studies and the resulting adjusted estimate of the odds ratio was 2.12 (95% CI: 1.38 to 3.22). According to GRADE criteria, the overall quality of the meta-analysis data is low, mainly due to the presence of bias, confounders and extreme effect size outliers. Five among the included studies reported data assessed in 8015 African-American subjects. Pooled analysis resulted in a non-significant crude odds ratio of 1.59 (95% CI: 0.71 to 3.57; P = 0.26), and considerable heterogeneity (I2 = 90%). Conclusions: Meta-analysis of 15 case-control studies shows that a history of clinical chronic prostatitis can significantly increase the odds for prostate cancer in the general population, whereas such association in African-American individuals remains uncertain.
The correlation between biological activity and diffusion-weighted MR imaging and ADC value in cases with prostate cancer
Authors: Sokmen Bedriye Koyuncu , Sokmen Dogukan , Ucar Nese , Ozkurt Huseyin , Simsek Abdulmuttalip
Published: January 2018

Purpose: Firstly, we aimed to investigate the correlation among dynamic contrasted magnetic resonance (MR) images, diffusion-weighted MR images, and apparent diffusion coefficent (ADC) values in patients with prostate cancer. Secondly, we aimed to investigate the roles of these variables on clinical risk classification and the biological behavior of the prostate cancer. Methods: A total of sixty with prostatic adenocarcinoma patients diagnosed between January 2011 and May 2013 were retrospectively included in the study. Risk classification of patients were evaluated as low-risk (Group 1) (n = 20) (Stage T1c-T2a, PSA < 10 ng/ml, Gleason Score < 7), moderate-risk (Group 2) (n = 18) (Stage T1b-T2c, PSA = 10-20 ng/ml, Gleason Score = 7) and high-risk (Group 3) (n = 22) (Stage > T3a, PSA > 20 ng/ml, Gleason Score > 7). Diffusion-weighted MR images, dynamic contrasted MR images, and ADC values of the prostates were correlated. Results: ADC values of the cases in Group 3 were lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.001). ADC values of the areas without malignancy did not differ significantly between groups (p > 0.05). Biological activity of the tumor tissue was determined by GS, while a negative correlation was observed between GSs and ADC values of the patients, (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In tumors with higher Gleason scores, lower ADC values were obtained. These measured values can play a role in the noninvasive determination of the cellularity of the tumoral mass.
An unusual case of pneumatic nail gun scrotal injury and revision of the literature
Authors: Migliorini Filippo , Bizzotto Leonardo , Curti Pierpaolo , Porcaro Antonio Benito , Artibani Walter
Published: January 2018

Pneumatic nail guns are hand-held tools commonly utilized in both industrial and non occupational setting. These devices facilitate production and boost efficiency but also can be a potential cause of serious injuries. Nail guns are the most frequent tool associated trauma with hospitalization among construction workers. The most common sites of injuries are the hand or fingers followed by the lower extremities. We report the first case in literature of a work nail gun injury to male external genitalia.
Working backwards from streambed thermal anomalies: hydrogeologic controls on preferential brook trout spawning habitat in a coastal stream
Authors: Briggs Martin A. , Harvey Judson W. , Hurley Stephen T. , Rosenberry Donald O. , McCobb Timothy , Werkema Dale , Lane Jr. John W.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) spawn in fall, and overwintering egg development can benefit from stable, relatively warm temperatures in groundwater seepage zones. However, eggs also are sensitive to dissolved oxygen concentration, which may be reduced in discharging groundwater. We investigated a 2-km reach of the coastal Quashnet River, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, USA, to relate preferred fish spawning habitat to geology, geomorphology, and groundwater discharge. Thermal reconnaissance methods were used to locate zones of rapid groundwater discharge, which were predominantly found along the center channel of a wider stream valley section. Pore-water chemistry and temporal vertical groundwater flux were measured at a subset of these zones during field campaigns over several seasons. Seepage zones in open valley sub-reaches generally showed suboxic conditions and higher dissolved solutes compared to the underlying glacial outwash aquifer. These discharge zones were cross-referenced with preferred brook trout redds, evaluated during 10 yr of observation, all of which were associated with discrete alcove features in steep cut banks where stream meander bends intersect the glacial valley walls. Seepage in these repeat spawning zones was generally stronger and more variable than open valley sites, with higher dissolved oxygen and reduced solute concentrations. The combined evidence indicates that regional groundwater discharge along the broader valley bottom is predominantly suboxic due to the influence of near-stream organic deposits; trout show no obvious preference for these zones when spawning. However, the meander bends that cut into sandy deposits near the valley walls generate strong, oxic seepage zones that are utilized routinely for redd construction and the overwintering of trout eggs. In similar coastal systems with extensive valley peat deposits, specific use of groundwater discharge points by brook trout may be limited to morphologies such as cut banks where groundwater flowpaths can short circuit buried organic material and remain oxygen rich.
Can riparian vegetation shade mitigate the expected rise in stream temperatures due to climate change during heat waves in a human-impacted pre-alpine river?
Authors: Trimmel Heidelinde , Weihs Philipp , Leidinger David , Formayer Herbert , Kalny Gerda , Melcher Andreas
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Global warming has already affected European rivers and their
aquatic biota, and climate models predict an increase of temperature in
central Europe over all seasons. We simulated the influence of expected
changes in heat wave intensity during the 21st century on water temperatures
of a heavily impacted pre-alpine Austrian river and analysed future
mitigating effects of riparian vegetation shade on radiant and turbulent
energy fluxes using the deterministic Heat Source model. Modelled
stream water temperature increased less than 1.5 ∘C within the first
half of the century. Until 2100, a more significant increase of around
3 ∘C in minimum, maximum and mean stream temperatures was predicted
for a 20-year return period heat event. The result showed clearly that in a
highly altered river system riparian vegetation was not able to fully
mitigate the predicted temperature rise caused by climate change but would
be able to reduce water temperature by 1 to 2 ∘C. The removal of
riparian vegetation amplified stream temperature increases. Maximum stream
temperatures could increase by more than 4 ∘C even in annual heat
events. Such a dramatic water temperature shift of some degrees, especially
in summer, would indicate a total shift of aquatic biodiversity. The results
demonstrate that effective river restoration and mitigation require
re-establishing riparian vegetation and emphasize the importance of
land–water interfaces and their ecological functioning in aquatic
environments.