bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Det evige liv
Authors: Grønkjær Niels
Published: June 2022

I sin teologiske disputats bestemmer Hans Jørgen Lundager Jensen Det Gamle Testamentes religion som hedensk. Den er ikke en frelsesreligion, men en religion som velsigner dette liv. Augustin betoner derimod at forestillingen om det evige liv er det særegne ved kristendommen, og at den derfor (også) er en frelsesreligion. Hvordan forbinde de to opfattelser? Hans Jørgen finder svar hos Grundtvig – og Ingemann.
Analoge guder i et digitalt rum – en kommentar til Augustins De Civitate Dei
Authors: Albinus Lars
Published: June 2022

Kirkefaderen Augustin bruger megen plads i sit store værk De Civitate Dei på at lægge afstand til de romerske guder. Problematikken er alt andet end enkel, for selvom det for Augustin først og fremmest drejer sig om at bekræfte troen på unus et verus deus, den ene og sande Gud, forstyrres selve begrebet deus af de analoge relationer mellem det menneskelige og det guddommelige, som er karakteristisk for den romerske kejserkult. For at fastholde det digitale snit mellem menneskenes verden og den Gud, der har skabt den, anklager Augustin dyrkelsen af guder, som han dels beskriver som opdigtede, dels som reale men umoralske. Ikke desto mindre er det den analoge relation mellem det menneskelige og det guddommelige, som kan siges at spille med i forestillingen om Kristus som Guds menneskelige inkarnation.
Quantitative prediction of variant effects on alternative splicing in MAPT using endogenous pre-messenger RNA structure probing
Authors: Kumar Jayashree , Lackey Lela , Waldern Justin M , Dey Abhishek , Mustoe Anthony M , Weeks Kevin M , Mathews David H , Laederach Alain
Published: June 2022

Splicing is highly regulated and is modulated by numerous factors. Quantitative predictions for how a mutation will affect precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) structure and downstream function are particularly challenging. Here, we use a novel chemical probing strategy to visualize endogenous precursor and mature MAPT mRNA structures in cells. We used these data to estimate Boltzmann suboptimal structural ensembles, which were then analyzed to predict consequences of mutations on pre-mRNA structure. Further analysis of recent cryo-EM structures of the spliceosome at different stages of the splicing cycle revealed that the footprint of the Bact complex with pre-mRNA best predicted alternative splicing outcomes for exon 10 inclusion of the alternatively spliced MAPT gene, achieving 74% accuracy. We further developed a β-regression weighting framework that incorporates splice site strength, RNA structure, and exonic/intronic splicing regulatory elements capable of predicting, with 90% accuracy, the effects of 47 known and 6 newly discovered mutations on inclusion of exon 10 of MAPT. This combined experimental and computational framework represents a path forward for accurate prediction of splicing-related disease-causing variants.
RNA-binding proteins direct myogenic cell fate decisions
Authors: Wheeler Joshua R , Whitney Oscar N , Vogler Thomas O , Nguyen Eric D , Pawlikowski Bradley , Lester Evan , Cutler Alicia , Elston Tiffany , Dalla Betta Nicole , Parker Kevin R , Yost Kathryn E , Vogel Hannes , Rando Thomas A , Chang Howard Y , Johnson Aaron M , Parker Roy , Olwin Bradley B
Published: June 2022

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), essential for skeletal muscle regeneration, cause muscle degeneration and neuromuscular disease when mutated. Why mutations in these ubiquitously expressed RBPs orchestrate complex tissue regeneration and direct cell fate decisions in skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. Single-cell RNA-sequencing of regenerating Mus musculus skeletal muscle reveals that RBP expression, including the expression of many neuromuscular disease-associated RBPs, is temporally regulated in skeletal muscle stem cells and correlates with specific stages of myogenic differentiation. By combining machine learning with RBP engagement scoring, we discovered that the neuromuscular disease-associated RBP Hnrnpa2b1 is a differentiation-specifying regulator of myogenesis that controls myogenic cell fate transitions during terminal differentiation in mice. The timing of RBP expression specifies cell fate transitions by providing post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNAs that coordinate stem cell fate decisions during tissue regeneration.
Effects of turning over intensity on fatty acid metabolites in postharvest leaves of Tieguanyin oolong tea (Camellia sinensis)
Authors: Ni Zixin , Wu Qingyang , Zhou Ziwei , Yang Yun , Hu Qingcai , Deng Huili , Zheng Yucheng , Bi Wanjun , Liu Zhenzhang , Sun Yun
Published: June 2022

Fatty acid derived volatiles (FADVs) are major contributors to the aroma quality of oolong tea (Camellia sinensis). Most of the processing time for oolong tea is taken up by turning over treatments, but the full profile of fatty acid metabolic changes during this process remains unclear. In this study, we detected fatty acids, their derived volatiles, and related genes of Tieguanyin oolong tea using biochemical and molecular biology methods. The results showed that with an increase in turning over intensities, the content of total unsaturated fatty acids continuously dropped and the content of characteristic FADVs, such as hexanoic acid (Z)-3-Hexenly ester and 2-exenal, continued to increase. Lipoxygenase (LOX), a key gene family in the fatty acid metabolic pathway, showed different patterns, and CsLOX1 (TEA025499.1) was considered to be a key gene during the turning over processes. We found that fruit-like aroma (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol acetate had a strong correlation with the expression levels of eight Camelia sinensis LOX family genes. Tieguanyin had relatively rich pleasant volatile compounds with moderate turning over intensity (five times turning over treatments). This study provides an overall view of how fatty acid metabolites change and affect the quality of oolong tea with different turning over intensities during processing.
Identification and expression analysis of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) family in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)
Authors: Qiao Tian , Zhang Lei , Yu Yanyan , Pang Yunning , Tang Xinjie , Wang Xiao , Li Lijian , Li Bo , Sun Qinghua
Published: June 2022

Xyloglucan endotransglucosylases/hydrolases (XTH) are key enzymes in cell wall reformulation. They have the dual functions of catalyzing xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) and xyloglucan endonuclease (XEH) activity and play a crucial role in the responses against abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, and freezing. However, a comprehensive analysis of the XTH family and its functions in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) has not yet been completed. In this study, 34 XTHs were identified in the whole grapevine genome and then named according to their distribution on chromosomes. Based on a phylogenetic analysis including Arabidopsis XTHs, the VvXTHs were classified into three groups. Cis-element analysis indicated that these family members are related to most abiotic stresses. We further selected 14 VvXTHs from different groups and then examined their transcription levels under drought and salt stress. The results indicated that the transcription levels of selected VvXTHs in the leaves and roots presented the largest changes, suggesting that VvXTHs are likely to take part in the responses to drought and salt stress in grapevines. These results provide useful evidence for the further investigation of VvXTHs function in response to abiotic stresses in grapevine.
Physico-chemical and Nutritional Properties of Unfermented and Fermented Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn) Seeds
Authors: Tounkara Fatoumata , Fane Mah Mountaga
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the Physicochemical and nutritional properties of unfermented and fermented Roselle seeds. Datou is a product of the traditional alkaline fermentation of Hibiscus sabdariffa seeds consumed as food condiment in many African countries including Mali. However, no physicochemical and nutritional data has been reported on fermented Roselle seeds make in Mali. The study was conducted in the faculty of sciences and techniques between June 2021 and February 2022.

The unfermented and fermented Roselle seeds were used to determine their contents in moisture, ash, fat, crude proteins carbohydrate, fatty acids, amino acids and minerals.

The results showed that the studied unfermented seeds were composed 27.32% of crude proteins, 20.83% of crude lipids, 39.23% of carbohydrates and the fermented seeds showed 21.70% for proteins, 18.64% for crude lipids and 47.42% for carbohydrates.

The most predominant inorganic elements were found to be potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium in all samples, but in different orders. Phosphorus was relatively low in all samples, however, the fermented compared to the unfermented seeds showed the highest content.

The fatty acids composition analysis showed the high differences in unsaturated compared to the saturated. The most predominant unsaturated fatty acid in both samples was found to be oleic acid.

The nutritional parameters were estimated based on the amino acids composition of our both samples. The results suggested that our samples have high nutritional quality. Based on the results obtained from this study we can concluded that unfermented and fermented Roselle seeds could be a good source for protein deficient consumers as well as a potential food ingredient
Forecasting of Banking Sector Securities Prices in Kenya Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Chacha Marwa Hassan , Anapapa Ayubu , Mutuguta John
Published: June 2022

Before investing in any company, an investor should have a basic understanding of how the stock market works. With the introduction of Machine Learning (ML), more resources have been spent to this area of research and it has been proved that stock market prediction is achievable. Although studies have been conducted in this area, there has not been a study to forecast banking sector security prices in Kenya using SVM – ML. Therefore, using the Machine Learning technique, this study aimed to forecast the banking sector security prices in Kenya. The study aimed at fitting ARIMA and SVM models for forecasting banking sector security prices in Kenya. The study targeted all banks listed by the Nairobi Securities Exchange and a sample of three banks was taken – Kenya Commercial bank, Equity bank, and Co-operative bank. To determine the models' performance capability, accuracy error metrics were used to assess them. SVM had an error of 0.01482, 0.1217, 0.1114 and 0.01922 for MSE, RMSE, MAE and MAPE respectively which were lower compared to ARIMA’s error results. SVM was recommended for forecasting banking sector security prices in Kenya as it proved reliable for forecasting.
Rare Case of Cardiac Hydatitosis and Review of the Literature
Authors: Aware Brahim Nassour , Mahoungou Noel , Mamadou Charfo , Abakar Bachar , Seydou Harouna , Adam Fadoul , Arous Salim , Azzouzi Leila , Dirghil Abdel Nasser , Habbal Rachida
Published: June 2022

Hydatid disease or hydatid cyst results from the tissue development of the hydatid larva of an echinococcus taenia. It is an endemic disease in certain regions of the world such as the Mediterranean basin. We report here the observation of a 39 year old patient with no particular pathological history admitted for pericardial effusion revealing a cardiac hydatid. After clinical and biological explorations we made the diagnosis of a cardiac hydatid located on the inter venticular septum. The patient was put under medical treatment because of the refusal of the surgery.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-Urea Under Different Nitrogen Levels on Growth and Nutrient Content of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
Authors: Sharma Sachin Kumar , Sharma P. K. , Mandeewal Rameshwr Lal , Sharma Vishakha , Chaudhary Rani , Pandey Rajnish , Gupta Shubham
Published: June 2022

A field experiment entitled “Effect of Foliar Application of Nano-Urea under Different Nitrogen Levels on Productivity and Quality of Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)” was conducted at Research Farm, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur (India) during Kharif season of 2021. The experiment was laid out with 9 treatment combinations comprising in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. Results showed that highest plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content in grain and straw of pearl millet was obtained with the application of 100% RDN which was significantly superior to 50% RDN. Results further showed that foliar spray of Nano-Urea (4 ml/l water) at 30 and 45 DAS significantly increased the plant height, dry matter accumulation, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content in grain and straw of pearl millet over control and foliar spray of Nano-Urea (4 ml/l water) at 30 DAS.
Evaluation of Tillage Methods under Rainfed Cultivation of Cotton-Pulses Crop Rotation
Authors: Anandaraj N. , Manikandan M. , Sanjivkumar V. , Solaimalai A.
Published: June 2022

Aims: To evaluate the effect of tillage methods on soil moisture storage, grain yield, economics and rain water use efficiency in semi-arid region

Study Design: Four tillage methods viz. conventional tillage, Rotovator ploughing + chisel ploughing, chisel ploughing + tiller ploughing, conservation tillage (Minimum tillage with retention of crop residue) at different time of ploughing.

Place and Duration of Study: Kovilpatti, a representative location of semi-arid regions of Southern Tamil Nadu. This study was conducted from 2015 to 2021 with the alternate years of crop rotation of cotton and greengram.

Methodology: The field experiments were in cotton and greengram in black soil under rain fed situations. Soil samples were collected at different depths to assess the soil moisture storage. Yield was recorded and cost of cultivation was worked out. Rainwater used for obtaining higher yield was calculated. .

Results: Soil moisture storage in subsurface soil layers was higher in conservation methods of tillage followed by rotatvator and chisel ploughing method. For both crops, Rotovator plough followed by chisel plough recorded the higher rain water use efficiency, yield and net return.

Conclusion: This study clearly indicated that Rotovator ploughing once followed by chisel ploughing once could be adopted as a promising strategy to retain soil water availability and boost crop productivity in semiarid regions of Tamil Nadu.
Bronchogenic CYST: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Chaudhary Kamran , Sen Manas Kamal , Sachdeva Ruchi , Kumar Avinash , Amrita Swati
Published: June 2022

Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital malformations which arise from abnormal budding of primitive tracheobronchial tube and can localize either in mediastinum or lung parenchyma. It may be called congenital if it is detected in early age group. Usually they are incidentally detected mediastinal masses. Bronchogenic cyst are asymptomatic in most adults. We present a case of 55 year old female complaining of chest pain, heaviness, dypnea and cough since last one year.
Soil Erosion Rate and Surface Run Off on Various Forms of Culture
Authors: Rachman Imran , Naharuddin Naharuddin
Published: June 2022

Cultivation is one of the agricultural systems that is  mostly carried out by forest village communities living in and around the watershed area by slashing, cutting and burning forest trees. This study aimed to determine the rate of erosion and runoff from the cultivation type in Olonjonge sub-watershed, Dolago watershed, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.The method used was a multislot divisor on a plot measuring 2 m x 15 m with 3 repetitions on 3 types of cultivation (peanut, corn and cocoa monoculture (3 years old) on land with a steep slope (25-40%). The largest surface runoff came from peanut land at 79,689.77 liters ha-1 followed by corn at 65,704.55 liters ha-1 and the smallest from cocoa monoculture (3 years old) at 56,385.23 liters ha-1, while the highest erosion occurred at peanut land area of ​​195.52 kg ha-1 followed by corn field of 165.26 kg ha-1, and cocoa monoculture (3 years old) of kg ha-1. Cocoa planting was more effective in protecting the soil from rain with  the potential to protect the soil from erosion and surface runoff.
Assessment of the Compliance of Statin Treatment in Hyperlipidemic Patients and its Association with Socioeconomic Status
Authors: Irum Noreen , Unar Masood Ahmed , Ahuja Kamlesh Kumar , Memon Waseem Raja , Farooqui Muhammad Umair , Jamali Anwar Ali , Ahmer Arslan
Published: June 2022

Objectives: To assess the compliance of statin treatment in hyperlipidemic patients and its association with Socioeconomic Status in Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan.

Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using convenient sampling technique conducted in collaboration with Department of Cardiology & Medicine People Medical College Hospital (PMCH) Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan during January to June 2015. A total of 100 patients suffering from Hyperlipidemia (diagnosed) were recruited from out patients department (OPD) of Cardiology & Medicine department. The data was collected by administering the questionnaire to Hyperlipidemic patients after a written consent. All the variables related to socioeconomically class on per designed questionnaire were registered by filling the designed Proforma.

Results: Out of 100 patients enrolled the mean age of the patients was 49.45\(\pm\)9.72 years. The mean cholesterol levels were 231.83\(\pm\)15.9 mg/dl. Statin therapy compliance was compared with socioeconomic status. Statin therapy compliance was achieved in socio-economic status which revealed > 80% proportion of days covered (PDC) response however results statistical significance was P-value 0.056.

Conclusion: Hyperlipidemic patients have shown a good compliance to statins. Compliance in both lower and middle class was more than in higher class.
Razão e emoção: o comportamento humano na tomada de decisão em um ambiente econômico incerto
Authors: Silva Jr Alonso Barros da , Lages André Maia Gomes , Silva Vanderlúcia Felix Amorim
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho busca prestar uma pequena contribuição acerca do debate relativo ao comportamento dos agentes econômicos, levando em consideração a complexidade do ambiente ou cenário em que as decisões são tomadas. Dentro do debate de ideias ou teorias nas ciências econômicas, vem ganhando força estudos sobre em quais condições um indivíduo é obrigado a tomar certas decisões, e se essas decisões, eventualmente, são realizadas de forma racional ou irracional, ou em que grau de racionalidade é possível aferir as ações tomadas por esses agentes. O trabalho baseia-se em estudos sobre racionalidade limitada de Herbert Simon e de estudos sobre economia comportamental de Kahneman & Tversky e Thaler, sem, é claro, desmerecer as contribuições da escola neoclássica.
An estimate of spatial wage curve for Brazilian northeast region
Authors: Uchôa Carlos Frederico A.
Published: June 2022

The chief goal of this paper is to provide an investigation of the Wage Curve spatial heterogeneity for Brazilian northeast labor market. To do so, using the Wage Curve as Theoretical Framework, we apply spatial panel data techniques to compiled data set of 1,793 municipalities over 13 years from RAIS data to obtain the estimates of interest. Our results allow us to conclude there is a statistically significant negative correlation between unemployment and real wage as also that there are statistically significant effects on wages. In addition to confirm our initial assumption of existence of a Wage Curve, our finds also provide estimates that at least control spatial heterogeneity.
Desenvolvimento territorial no MATOPIBA: análise a partir dos fluxos de comércio entre os anos 2000 a 2018
Authors: Marques Mabel Diz , Silva Raphael Oliveira , Dias Jerônimo
Published: June 2022

O presente trabalho buscou analisar o perfil das exportações da região do MATOPIBA (conjunto de municípios que pertencem aos Estados do Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí e Bahia) no período de 2000 a 2018, a partir dos dados de fluxos de comércio disponibilizados pelo Ministério da Economia do Brasil, verificando o grau de concentração dos produtos exportados (ICP) e países de destino (ICD) determinado pelo coeficiente de Gini-Hirschmann. Os resultados sugerem um aumento na produção de grãos focado especialmente nas culturas de sementes e frutos oleaginosos; grãos, sementes e frutos diversos; plantas industriais ou medicinais; palhas e forragens, que no ano de 2018 já representada mais de 50% da pauta exportadora. Tais produtos são assentados, sobretudo, nos processos relacionados à dinâmica de expansão da escala agrícola com elevada tendência a vulnerabilidade externa. Em paralelo, a China representa mais de 50% do destino das exportações, resultado que já ultrapassa os EUA desde 2010.
Revisitando a potência da política monetária no Brasil
Authors: Jesus Cleiton Silva de
Published: June 2022

A relação entre a política monetária e a atividade econômica é uma questão muito importante na macroeconomia moderna. Levando isto em conta, o objetivo deste artigo é estimar a relação de demanda agregada no Brasil por meio de uma curva IS e, ao mesmo tempo, verificar se a política monetária se tornou mais potente em período mais recente. Os principais resultados sugerem que a atividade econômica está negativamente associada com a taxa de juros real e, mais importante, não se pode rejeitar a hipótese que a política monetária ganhou potência no Brasil.
Molistic processing in facial image comparison
Authors: Fysh Matthew C. , Bindemann Markus
Published: June 2022

When comparing images of faces in criminal investigations, forensic facial examiners report key features such as moles to be particularly diagnostic of identity. However, scientific evidence for the efficacy of moles in facial identification is still limited. The current study systematically examined the effect of moles on facial image comparison by manipulating the presence and location of these small features. We found that observers untrained in facial image comparison spontaneously use moles to support identification decisions (Experiment 1). These effects were amplified when observers were prompted to utilise moles for identification (Experiment 2) and were sensitive to subtle differences in spatial location (Experiment 3). Moreover, identification accuracy was higher when observers were instructed to use moles only and dissociated from facial identification (Experiment 4). These findings demonstrate that observers are sensitive to the presence and location of moles in facial image comparison and shows the power of these small visual features to influence identification decisions.
Association of the Quantity, Duration, and Type of Alcohol Consumption on the Development of Gouty Tophi
Authors: Han Lin , Li Runze , Lu Jie , Ren Wei , Ning Chunping , Pang Jingyuan , Sun Jian , Wang Yao , Sun Wenyan , Liu Zhen , Wang Can , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Jing , Chen Ying , Merriman Tony R. , Li Changgui
Published: June 2022

Objective

To examine the association of alcohol consumption with the presence and development of ultrasound (US)–detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi in a Chinese gout population.

Methods

A total of 554 patients with gout who underwent US and physical examination of the most frequently involved joints in gout were included in this study. Multivariable analysis was performed to assess the associations of the duration, quantity, and type of alcohol consumption with the presence, size, and number of US‐detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi.

Results

Compared to non‐drinkers, excessive drinkers (>70 gm/week), long‐term drinkers (≥10 years), and spirits drinkers had a greater proportion, size, and number of US‐detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, excessive drinking (>70 gm/week) (odds ratio [OR] 1.79 [2.00 after adjustment]), long‐term alcohol consumption (≥10 years) (OR 1.96 [2.17 after adjustment]), and spirits consumption of (OR 1.81 [2.10 after adjustment]) were significantly associated with the presence of US‐detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi (all P < 0.05), with the highest ORs among the identified risk factors. Among patients who already had US‐detected tophi or subcutaneous tophi, moderate drinking (≤70 gm/week) was associated with larger or multiple tophi (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Longer duration and higher quantity of alcohol consumption as well as spirits consumption are predictors for the development of US‐detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi in patients with gout. Among individuals who have US‐detected tophi and subcutaneous tophi, weekly alcohol consumption leads to the development of tophi regardless of amount consumed.
Whole‐Country and Regional Incidences of Giant Cell Arteritis in French Continental and Overseas Territories: A 7‐Year Nationwide Database Analysis
Authors: Guittet Lydia , de Boysson Hubert , Cerasuolo Damiano , Morello Rémy , Sultan Audrey , Deshayes Samuel , Aouba Achille
Published: June 2022

Objective

The incidence rate of giant cell arteritis (GCA) is poorly studied in France. Therefore, we conducted a national hospital database study to assess the overall and regional incidence rates of GCA in France, including overseas territories.

Methods

Through the national hospitalization database of all patients hospitalized in France, new incidental GCA was identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision medical codes (M31.5 = GCA; M31.6 = GCA and polymyalgia rheumatica [PMR]) during 2013‐2019. The regional incidences were analyzed by graphical methods and Poisson regression.

Results

A total of 16,540 new GCA with or without PMR diagnoses were identified in all French hospitals over 7 years. The female/male ratio was 1.8. The crude annual incidence rate of GCA with or without PMR was 9.64 (9.50‐9.79) per 100,000 persons aged 50 years or older in continental France and 2.91 (2.35‐3.47) in overseas areas. The GCA with or without PMR incidence rate regularly increased with age in both sexes but with a later peak in men (85 vs 80 years in women). The crude incidence rate was 11.43 (11.21‐11.65) in women and 7.50 (7.31‐7.70) in men. An east–western gradient was noted with an increasing standardized incident rate (SIR) from east to west (P < 10−3) using a departmental stratification of incident rates. Of note, all SIRs in continental regions were higher than those in overseas areas.

Conclusion

This French nationwide study provides new and dynamic insights regarding GCA with or without PMR incident rates at the country and regional levels. Important rate differences were observed between continental France and the overseas areas.
Exploring “No Man's Land”—Arrhenius Crystallization of Thin‐Film Phase Change Material at 1 000 000 K s−1 via Nanocalorimetry
Authors: Zhao Jie , Hui Jian , Ye Zichao , Lai Tianxing , Efremov Mikhail Y. , Wang Hong , Allen Leslie H.
Published: June 2022

Non‐volatile phase‐change memory (PCM) devices are based on phase‐change materials such as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST). PCM requires critically high crystallization growth velocity (CGV) for nanosecond switching speeds, which makes its material‐level kinetics investigation inaccessible for most characterization methods and remains ambiguous. In this work, nanocalorimetry enters this “no‐man's land” with scanning rate up to 1 000 000 K s−1 (fastest heating rate among all reported calorimetric studies on GST) and smaller sample‐size (10–40 nm thick) typical of PCM devices. Viscosity of supercooled liquid GST (inferred from the crystallization kinetic) exhibits Arrhenius behavior up to 290 °C, indicating its low fragility nature and thus a fragile‐to‐strong crossover at ≈410 °C. Thin‐film GST crystallization is found to be a single‐step Arrhenius process dominated by growth of interfacial nuclei with activation energy of 2.36 ±  0.14 eV. Calculated CGV is consistent with that of actual PCM cells. This addresses a 10‐year‐debate originated from the unexpected non‐Arrhenius kinetics measured by commercialized chip‐based calorimetry, which reports CGV 103−105 higher than those measured using PCM cells. Negligible thermal lag (<1.5 K) and no delamination is observed in this work. Melting, solidification, and specific heat of GST are also measured and agree with conventional calorimetry of bulk samples.
All‐Solid‐State Li–S Batteries Enhanced by Interface Stabilization and Reaction Kinetics Promotion through 2D Transition Metal Sulfides
Authors: Sun Xiao , Cao Daxian , Wang Ying , Ji Tongtai , Liang Wentao , Zhu Hongli
Published: June 2022

All‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) based on sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) provide prospectively high energy density and safety. However, the low conductivity and sluggish reaction kinetic of sulfur cathode limit its commercialization. The use of carbon additives can improve the electrical conductivity but accelerates the decomposition of SSEs. Herein, a highly conductive carbon fiber decorated with hybrid 1T/2H MoS2 nanosheets is designed. The high chemical and electrochemical compatibility among MoS2 and sulfide SSE can greatly improve the stability of the cathode and therefore maintain pristine interfaces. The uniform distribution of electrical‐conductive metallic 1T MoS2 on carbon fiber benefits the electron transfer between carbon and sulfur. Meanwhile, the layered structure of MoS2 can be intercalated by a large amount of Li ions facilitating ionic and electronic conductivity. In consequence, the charge transfer and reaction kinetics are greatly enhanced, and the decomposition of SSEs is successfully relieved. As a result, the ASSLSB delivers an ultrahigh initial discharge and charge capacity of 1456 and 1470 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C individually with ultrahigh coulombic efficiency and maintains high capacity retention of 78% after 220 cycles. The batteries also obtain a remarkable rate performance of 1069 mAh g−1 at 1 C.
Enhancing and Extinguishing the Different Emission Features of 2D (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10 Perovskite Films
Authors: Kennard Rhiannon M. , Dahlman Clayton J. , Morgan Emily E. , Chung Juil , Cotts Benjamin L. , Kincaid Joseph R. A. , DeCrescent Ryan A. , Stone Kevin H. , Panuganti Shobhana , Mohtashami Yahya , Mao Lingling , Schaller Richard D. , Salleo Alberto , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Schuller Jon A. , Seshadri Ram , Chabinyc Michael L.
Published: June 2022

2D hybrid perovskites are attractive for optoelectronic devices. In thin films, the color of optical emission and the texture of crystalline domains are often difficult to control. Here, a method for extinguishing or enhancing different emission features is demonstrated for the family of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10 (EA = ethylammonium, FA = formamidinium). When grown from aqueous hydrobromic acid, crystals of (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10 retain all the emission features of their parent compound, (EA)4Pb3Br10. Surprisingly, when grown from dimethylformamide (DMF), an emission feature, likely self‐trapped exciton (STE), near 2.7 eV is missing. Extinction of this feature is correlated with DMF being incorporated between the 2D Pb‐Br sheets, forming (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10∙(DMF)y. Without FA, films grown from DMF form (EA)4Pb3Br10, retain little solvent, and have strong emission near 2.7 eV. Slowing the kinetics of film growth strengthens a different emission feature, likely a different type of STE, which is much broader and present in all compositions. Films of (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10∙(DMF)y have large, micron‐sized domains and homogeneous orientation of the semiconducting sheets, resulting in low electronic disorder near the absorption edge. The ability to selectively strengthen or extinguish different emission features in films of (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10∙(DMF)y reveals a pathway to tune the emission color in these compounds.
Ultrafast Gyroscopic Measurements in a Passive All‐Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer via Time‐Stretch Technique
Authors: Kudelin Igor , Sugavanam Srikanth , Chernysheva Maria
Published: June 2022

Almost all inertial navigation systems rely on optical gyroscopes, operating on the Sagnac effect. Laser gyroscopes demonstrate high precision in demanding applications such as seismology and geodesy. Passive optical gyroscopes, typically fiber‐optic gyroscopes (FOGs), are of particular interest due to the lack of the “lock‐in” effect, which is the most detrimental effect in active laser systems. Still, the current data acquisition rate of modern FOGs cannot satisfy emerging applications, particularly for autonomous navigation. Herein, a novel interferometric FOG, based on the measurements of ultrashort pulse phase via the dispersive Fourier transformation, is presented, demonstrating the highest up‐to‐date acquisition rate of 15 MHz. This setup is insensitive to the timing jitter and the fluctuations of the carrier‐envelope phase of the pulses. The single‐shot resolution of the phase retrieval is 7.3 mrad, which corresponds to a time shift of 8.7 attoseconds. As a confirmation of the high‐speed performance, movements of a stepper motor are recorded with an angular velocity resolution of 0.33 mdeg s−1 and a bias instability of 0.06 deg h−1 at acquisition time of 17.07 μs. The proposed method can facilitate various phase measurements at a high repetition rate and is not limited only to gyroscopic applications.
Multi‐Omics‐Based Autophagy‐Related Untypical Subtypes in Patients with Cerebral Amyloid Pathology
Authors: Park Jong‐Chan , Barahona‐Torres Natalia , Jang So‐Yeong , Mok Kin Y. , Kim Haeng Jun , Han Sun‐Ho , Cho Kwang‐Hyun , Zhou Xiaopu , Fu Amy K. Y. , Ip Nancy Y. , Seo Jieun , Choi Murim , Jeong Hyobin , Hwang Daehee , Lee Dong Young , Byun Min Soo , Yi Dahyun , Han Jong Won , Mook‐Jung Inhee , Hardy John
Published: June 2022

Recent multi‐omics analyses paved the way for a comprehensive understanding of pathological processes. However, only few studies have explored Alzheimer’s disease (AD) despite the possibility of biological subtypes within these patients. For this study, unsupervised classification of four datasets (genetics, miRNA transcriptomics, proteomics, and blood‐based biomarkers) using Multi‐Omics Factor Analysis+ (MOFA+), along with systems‐biological approaches following various downstream analyses are performed. New subgroups within 170 patients with cerebral amyloid pathology (Aβ+) are revealed and the features of them are identified based on the top‐rated targets constructing multi‐omics factors of both whole (M‐TPAD) and immune‐focused models (M‐IPAD). The authors explored the characteristics of subtypes and possible key‐drivers for AD pathogenesis. Further in‐depth studies showed that these subtypes are associated with longitudinal brain changes and autophagy pathways are main contributors. The significance of autophagy or clustering tendency is validated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; n = 120 including 30 Aβ‐ and 90 Aβ+), induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived human brain organoids/microglia (n = 12 including 5 Aβ‐, 5 Aβ+, and CRISPR‐Cas9 apolipoprotein isogenic lines), and human brain transcriptome (n = 78). Collectively, this study provides a strategy for precision medicine therapy and drug development for AD using integrative multi‐omics analysis and network modelling.
Composite Cathodes for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries: “Catholytes” the Underrated Giants
Authors: Al-Salih Hilal , Houache Mohamed Seif Eddine , Baranova Elena A. , Abu-Lebdeh Yaser
Published: June 2022

To expedite the large‐scale adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), increasing the gravimetric energy density of batteries to at least 250 Wh kg−1 while sustaining a maximum cost of $120 kWh−1 is of utmost importance. Solid‐state lithium batteries are broadly accepted as promising candidates for application in the next generation of EVs as they promise safer and higher‐energy‐density batteries. Nonetheless, their development is impeded by many challenges, including the resistive electrode–electrolyte interface originating from the removal of the liquid electrolyte that normally permeates through the porous cathode and insures efficient ionic conductivity through the cell. One way to tackle this challenge is by formulating composite cathodes (CCs) that employ solid ionic conductors as “catholytes” in their structure. Herein, it is attempted to shed light on this less studied and poorly understood approach. The different classes of catholytes that have been reported in literature alongside the most common fabrication techniques used to prepare CCs are presented. Next, the interplay between the microstructure and design parameters of CCs with the electrochemical performance of solid‐state batteries (SSBs) and the techniques used to measure their transport properties is well documented. Finally, general guidelines surrounding CC research are outlined.
Aptamer‐Conjugated Biocompatible Nanospheres for Fluorescent Imaging–Guided Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Targeted Phototherapeutic Modality
Authors: Zhang Mi , Xiao Xinyu , Liu Liang , Liu Shanshan , Liu Haichuan , Fan Taojian , Zhang Bin , Wageh Swelm , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Wang Meijiao , Wang Jianwei , Du Chengyou , Jiang Ning , Zhang Han , Peng Qiling
Published: June 2022

Conventional strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unsatisfactory due to its invasiveness and poor prognosis. Herein, it is utmost imperative to require alternative modalities with less invasiveness, good clinical efficacy, and low side effects. A combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality against refractory HCC. To date a majority of PTT/PDT paradigms has a disappointing therapeutic efficiency, owing to low targeting ability of nanotheranostic agents or imprecise irradiation of lasers. In this study, HCC‐specific targeting aptamer and chlorine e6 (Ce6)‐modified polydopamine (PDA) nanospheres with decoration of Pt quantum dots (termed Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates) are explored to combat HCC in vivo by synergy of PTT and PDT modalities. The Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates can effectively accumulate into tumor sites by specifically binding Glypican‐3 (GPC3)‐positive tumor cells, and core of PDA exerts strong optical absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) region to enable photothermal performance. Meanwhile, the moieties of Ce6 subsequently serve as photosensitizers and fluorophores to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and guide phototherapeutics, respectively. The current study finally suggests that Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates can act as a protocol for programmable ablation of HCC and it is believed that it will have a significant impact on clinical translation of promising therapy.
Steering Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of CO2 Photoreduction to Syngas with Hydroxy‐Rich Cu2S@ROH‐NiCo2O3 Double‐Shelled Nanoboxes
Authors: Li Lei , Dai Xinyan , Chen De‐Li , Zeng Yinxiang , Hu Yong , Lou Xiong Wen (David)
Published: June 2022

Simultaneous transformation of CO2 and H2O into syngas (CO and H2) using solar power is desirable for industrial applications. Herein, an efficient photocatalyst based on double‐shelled nanoboxes, with an outer shell of hydroxy‐rich nickel cobaltite nanosheets and an inner shell of Cu2S (Cu2S@ROH‐NiCo2O3), is prepared via a multistep templating strategy. The high performance of Cu2S@ROH‐NiCo2O3 (7.1 mmol g−1 h−1 for CO; 2.8 mmol g−1 h−1 for H2) is attributed to the hierarchical hollow geometry and p–n heterojunction to promote light absorption and charge separation. Spectroscopic and theoretical analyses elucidate that the ROH‐NiCo2O3 surface enhances *CO2 adsorption and lowers energy barriers for CO2‐to‐CO. Therefore, modulating the hydroxy contents of ROH‐NiCo2O3 can achieve broad CO/H2 ratios from 0.51 to 1.24. This work offers in‐depth insights into adjustable syngas photosynthesis and generalized concepts of selective heterogeneous CO2 photoreduction beyond cobalt‐based oxides.
Discovery of a Potent and Selective Degrader for USP7
Authors: Pei Yuan , Fu Jingfeng , Shi Yunkai , Zhang Mengmeng , Luo Guanghao , Luo Xiaomin , Song Ning , Mi Tian , Yang Yaxi , Li Jia , Zhou Yubo , Zhou Bing
Published: June 2022

The tumor suppressor p53 is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancer and more than half of cancers contain p53 mutations. The development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for p53 mutant cancer therapy is a big challenge and highly desirable. Ubiquitin‐specific protease 7 (USP7), also known as HAUSP, is a deubiquitinating enzyme and proposed to stabilize the oncogenic E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2 that promotes the proteosomal degradation of p53. Herein, we report the design and characterization of U7D‐1 as the first selective USP7‐degrading Proteolysis Targeting Chimera (PROTAC). U7D‐1 showed selective and effective USP7 degradation, and maintained potent cell growth inhibition in p53 mutant cancer cells, with USP7 inhibitor showing no activity. These data clearly demonstrated the practicality and importance of PROTAC as a preliminary chemical tool for investigating USP7 protein functions and a promising method for potential p53 mutant cancer therapy.
Revealing the Role of the Cyaphide Ion as a Bridging Ligand in Heterometallic Complexes
Authors: Yang Eric S. , Goicoechea Jose M.
Published: June 2022

The synthesis of heterometallic transition metal complexes featuring bridging cyaphide ions (C≡P−) is reported. These are synthesized from reactions of Au(IDipp)(CP) (IDipp=1,3‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) with electron‐rich, nucleophilic transition metal reagents, affording Au(IDipp)(μ2−C≡P)Ni(MeIiPr)2 (MeIiPr=1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) and Au(IDipp)(μ2−C≡P)Rh(Cp*)(PMe3). These studies reveal that, in contrast to the cyanide ion, bimetallic cyaphido complexes strongly favor a η1 : η2 coordination mode that maximizes the interaction of the second metal (Ni, Rh) with the π‐manifold of the ion (and not the phosphorus atom lone pair). End‐on bridging can be effectively unlocked by blocking the π‐manifold, as demonstrated by reaction of Au(IDipp)(μ2−C≡P)Rh(Cp*)(PMe3) with an electrophilic transition metal reagent, W(CO)5(THF), which affords the heterotrimetallic compound Au(IDipp)(μ3−C≡P)[Rh(Cp*)(PMe3)][W(CO)5].
Ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts bearing two bulky and unsymmetrical NHC ligands
Authors: Sytniczuk Adrian , Małecki Paweł , Kajetanowicz Anna , Grela Karol
Published: June 2022

The activity profile of the new indenylidene complexes containing two unsymmetrical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands was investigated. They turned out to be effective in both straightforward olefin metathesis reactions, such as ring‐closing metathesis (RCM) of diethyl diallylmalonate, as well as in more demanding processes, such as RCM of 2,2‐di‐(2‐methylallyl)tosylate leading to a product bearing a tetrasubstituted double bond, and in selective ethenolysis of methyl and ethyl oleate.
Digitalized turbulent behaviors of air and rice husk flow in a vertical suspension furnace from computational fluid dynamics simulation
Authors: Steven Soen , Restiawaty Elvi , Pasymi Pasymi , Fajri Imam Mardhatillah , Bindar Yazid
Published: June 2022

The knowledge of fluid–particle flow behavior is necessary. Unfortunately, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies are mostly focused on developing numerical methods in detail. Instead, the CFD studies should also subtly shift to become a tool for digitalizing fluid science to guide the practical industrial aspects. Therefore, this simulation study intends to reveal the air and rice husk flow behaviors in a vertical suspension furnace, complete with presenting digital simulation data, aiming to alleviate the escape particle amount. According to this study, the escaped particle amount was suppressed under more sphere particle, smaller particle size, and feed inlet pipe that sunk into the burner. The properties change from rice husk to ash, along with temperature escalation (as in combustion phenomena), enlarging the escaped particle amount, so the cyclone should be installed to handle it. In addition, the results of digital turbulent data from CFD simulation have succeeded in intriguing and revealing the fluid–particle flow behavior in the vertical suspension furnace. The data show a close match to the real phenomena occurring inside this furnace which reflects the standard k–ε model can conclusively predict fluid–particle flow behavior without conflicting Newton's second law of particle motion.
Effect of concomitant oral administration of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of nicardipine in rats
Authors: Jung Young‐Heun , Heo Dong‐Gyu , Lee Dong‐Cheol , Kwon Ye‐Min , Seol Mi‐Ji , Zhang Didi , Jeong Tae Cheon , Kim Ju‐Hyun
Published: June 2022

Ethanol intake can alter pharmacokinetics by increasing the solubility or enhancing the absorption of concomitant drugs. Here, a selective, sensitive and reproducible high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitative analysis of nicardipine in rat plasma was developed using simple protein precipitation. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 1–2,000 ng/ml (r2 > 0.998). Accuracy ranged from 93.4 to 112.2% and precision was within 12.1% from three independent analytical batches. Stable conditions for the quantification of nicardipine in rat plasma were established in various conditions, including sample storage and handling. The matrix effect was negligible, and recovery was consistent at three different levels of quality control sample. The method was applied to assessment for the effect of ethanol on the pharmacokinetics of nicardipine in rats. The oral bioavailability of nicardipine was increased from 5.4 to 9.4% in Sprague–Dawley rats by concomitant oral administration of ethanol whereas the half‐life was not altered. The findings indicated that concomitant ethanol intake can increase systemic drug exposure by increasing gastrointestinal absorption, especially poorly soluble drugs. This study provides an insight for further investigation of the alteration of the pharmacological effect of poorly soluble drugs owing to ethanol intake.
Gain confidence in your department by putting best interests of your officers, students first
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2022

Before coming to work at the University of Hawai'i, Manoa, as the Chief of the Department of Public Safety, Andrew Black also served as an assistant state's attorney, and in multiple positions for the Federal Bureau of Investigations. One of those roles was as an instructor, teaching as an adjunct at a university for several years before leaving the FBI. Doing so made Black realize how much he loved the university environment.
The rumor mill presents a challenge when addressing Title IX obligations
Authors: Porter Michael , Miller Souvanny
Published: June 2022

Institutions of higher education are rightly attuned to addressing information that may implicate their legal obligations under Title IX as well as their desire to ensure their campuses are free from sexual harassment.
Did court dismiss student's Title IX claim?
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: June 2022

A University of Wisconsin student, “Jane Doe,” was allegedly raped by a UW football player.
Methyltransferases: Functions and Applications
Authors: Abdelraheem Eman , Thair Benjamin , Varela Romina Fernández , Jockmann Emely , Popadić Désirée , Hailes Helen C. , Ward John M. , Iribarren Adolfo M. , Lewkowicz Elizabeth S. , Andexer Jennifer N. , Hagedoorn Peter‐Leon , Hanefeld Ulf
Published: June 2022

In this review the current state‐of‐the‐art of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM)‐dependent methyltransferases and SAM are evaluated. Their structural classification and diversity is introduced and key mechanistic aspects presented which are then detailed further. Then, catalytic SAM as a target for drugs, and approaches to utilise SAM as a cofactor in synthesis are introduced with different supply and regeneration approaches evaluated. The use of SAM analogues are also described. Finally O‐, N‐, C‐ and S‐MTs, their synthetic applications and potential for compound diversification is given.