bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Opioid errors in inpatient palliative care services: a retrospective review
Authors: Heneka Nicole , Shaw Tim , Rowett Debra , Lapkin Samuel , Phillips Jane L
Published: January 2018

Opioids are a high-risk medicine frequently used to manage palliative patients’ cancer-related pain and other symptoms. Despite the high volume of opioid use in inpatient palliative care services, and the potential for patient harm, few studies have focused on opioid errors in this population.

Objectives

To (i) identify the number of opioid errors reported by inpatient palliative care services, (ii) identify reported opioid error characteristics and (iii) determine the impact of opioid errors on palliative patient outcomes.

Methods

A 24-month retrospective review of opioid errors reported in three inpatient palliative care services in one Australian state.

Results

Of the 55 opioid errors identified, 84% reached the patient. Most errors involved morphine (35%) or hydromorphone (29%). Opioid administration errors accounted for 76% of reported opioid errors, largely due to omitted dose (33%) or wrong dose (24%) errors. Patients were more likely to receive a lower dose of opioid than ordered as a direct result of an opioid error (57%), with errors adversely impacting pain and/or symptom management in 42% of patients. Half (53%) of the affected patients required additional treatment and/or care as a direct consequence of the opioid error.

Conclusion

This retrospective review has provided valuable insights into the patterns and impact of opioid errors in inpatient palliative care services. Iatrogenic harm related to opioid underdosing errors contributed to palliative patients’ unrelieved pain. Better understanding the factors that contribute to opioid errors and the role of safety culture in the palliative care service context warrants further investigation.
Frequent use of emergency departments for mental and substance use disorders
Authors: Urbanoski Karen , Cheng Joyce , Rehm Jürgen , Kurdyak Paul
Published: January 2018

Objectives

We described the population of people who frequently use ED for mental disorders, delineating differences by the number of visits for substance use disorders (SUDs), and predicted the receipt of follow-up services and 2-year mortality by the level of ED use for SUD.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included all Ontario residents 15 years and older who had five or more ED visits during any 12-month period from 2010 to 2012 (n=263 346). The study involved a secondary analysis of administrative health databases capturing emergency, hospital and ambulatory care. Frequent ED users for mental disorders (n=5416) were grouped into nested categories based on the number of ED visits for SUD. Logistic regression was used to examine group differences in the receipt of follow-up services and mortality, controlling for sociodemographics, comorbidities and past service use.

Results

The majority of frequent ED users for mental disorders had at least one ED visit for SUD, most commonly involving alcohol. Relative to people with no visits for SUD, those with ED visits for SUD were older and more likely to be men (Ps <0.001). As the number of ED visits for SUD increased, the likelihood of receiving follow-up care, particularly specialist mental healthcare, declined while 2-year mortality steadily increased (Ps <0.001). These associations remained after controlling for comorbidities and past service use.

Conclusions

Findings highlight disparities in the receipt of specialist care based on use of ED services for SUD, coupled with a greater mortality risk. There is a need for policies and procedures to help address unmet needs for care and to connect members of this vulnerable subgroup with services that are better able to support recovery and improve survival.
Soliton interactions and Bäcklund transformation for a (2+1)-dimensional variable-coefficient modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in fluid dynamics
Authors: Xiao Zi-Jian , Tian Bo , Sun Yan
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we investigate a (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional variable-coefficient modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (mKP) equation in fluid dynamics. With the binary Bell-polynomial and an auxiliary function, bilinear forms for the equation are constructed. Based on the bilinear forms, multi-soliton solutions and Bell-polynomial-type Bäcklund transformation for such an equation are obtained through the symbolic computation. Soliton interactions are presented. Based on the graphic analysis, Parametric conditions for the existence of the shock waves, elevation solitons and depression solitons are given, and it is shown that under the condition of keeping the wave vectors invariable, the change of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] can lead to the change of the solitonic velocities, but the shape of each soliton remains unchanged, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the variable coefficients in the equation. Oblique elastic interactions can exist between the (i) two shock waves, (ii) two elevation solitons, and (iii) elevation and depression solitons. However, oblique interactions between (i) shock waves and elevation solitons, (ii) shock waves and depression solitons are inelastic.
AC-DSE: Approximate Computing for the Design Space Exploration of Reconfigurable MPSoCs
Authors: Shahid Arsalan , Qadri Muhammad Yasir , Fleury Martin , Waris Hira , Ahmad Ayaz , Qadri Nadia N.
Published: January 2018

This paper concerns the design space exploration (DSE) of Reconfigurable Multi- Processor System-on- Chip (MPSoC) architectures. Reconfiguration allows users to allocate optimum system resources for a specific application in such a way to improve the energy and throughput balance. To achieve the best balance between power consumption and throughput performance for a particular application domain, typical design space parameters for a multi-processor architecture comprise the cache size, the number of processor cores and the operating frequency. The exploration of the design space has always been an offline technique, consuming a large amount of time. Hence, the exploration has been unsuitable for reconfigurable architectures, which require an early runtime decision. This paper presents Approximate Computing DSE (AC-DSE), an online technique for the DSE of MPSoCs by means of approximate computing. In AC-DSE, design space solutions are first obtained from a set of optimization algorithms, which in turn are used to train a neural network (NN). From then on, the NN can be used to rapidly return its own solutions in the form of design space parameters for a desired energy and throughput performance, without any further training.
Cosmology from a new nonconservative gravity
Authors: Fabris Júlio C. , Velten Hermano , Caramês Thiago R. P. , Lazo Matheus J. , Frederico Gastão S. F.
Published: January 2018

In this paper, we present a cosmological model arising from a nonconservative gravitational theory proposed in [M. J. Lazo, J. Paiva, J. T. S. Amaral and G. S. F. Frederico, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 101501.] The novel feature where comparing with previous implementations of dissipative effects in gravity is the possible arising of such phenomena from a least action principle, so they are of a purely geometric nature. We derive the dynamical equations describing the behavior of the cosmic background, considering a single fluid model composed by pressureles matter, whereas the dark energy is conceived as an outcome of the “geometric” dissipative process emerging in the model. Besides, adopting the synchronous gauge, we obtain the first-order perturbative equations which shall describe the evolution of the matter perturbations within the linear regime.
Dynamic Characteristics of a Double-Layer Sheathing Cable System Based on Dynamic Stiffness Theory
Authors: Han Fei , Dan Dan-Hui , Yan Xing-Fei
Published: January 2018

Based on the theory of double-beam dynamic stiffness, a dynamic equilibrium equation for an inclined beam segment was established for the analysis of the dynamic characteristics of a double-layer sheathing cable system. The closed-form transverse dynamic stiffness matrix of the system considering the bending stiffness, inclination angle, boundary condition, and the sag of the beam was obtained simultaneously. The distribution rule of its elements and determinant, defined as dynamic stiffness coefficients and the characteristic function separately, were analyzed in the space and frequency domain. By using a numerical case study, the vibration characteristics of the double-beam system were investigated. It shows that in a given frequency range, the modal frequencies of the double-beam system are affected by both beams, and the beam with smaller stiffness contributes more to the system frequency. The contributions of each single beam to the system frequencies may be further determined by the distribution rule obtained. Based on these results, a method was proposed for quick evaluation of the contribution of each single beam to the modal frequency of the system. This will help to identify the frequency and cable force of double-layer sheathing cables.
Who Is More Generous? The Moderating Role of Gender and Education in Chinese Corporate Philanthropy
Authors: ZHENG LU , CHEN ZONGSHI
Published: January 2018

Our paper draws upon the literature of corporate financial performance and ethical decision-making to examine how corporate past profits and individual characteristics work together to influence corporate philanthropy. We refute the mediation model in the literature and propose the moderation model instead. Our analysis shows that firms’ prior financial performance is a critical determinant of corporate giving. Furthermore, being a male entrepreneur strengthens the positive relationship between firms’ past profits and corporate giving, whereas education weakens such relationship. Our study advances the research of corporate philanthropy and ethical decision-making as well.
Frontline defenders: goblet cell mediators dictate host-microbe interactions in the intestinal tract during health and disease
Authors: Allaire Joannie M. , Morampudi Vijay , Crowley Shauna M. , Stahl Martin , Yu Hongbing , Bhullar Kirandeep , Knodler Leigh A. , Bressler Brian , Jacobson Kevan , Vallance Bruce A.
Published: January 2018

Goblet cells (GCs) are the predominant secretory epithelial cells lining the luminal surface of the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Best known for their apical release of mucin 2 (Muc2), which is critical for the formation of the intestinal mucus barrier, GCs have often been overlooked for their active contributions to intestinal protection and host defense. In part, this oversight reflects the limited tools available to study their function but also because GCs have long been viewed as relatively passive players in promoting intestinal homeostasis and host defense. In light of recent studies, this perspective has shifted, as current evidence suggests that Muc2 as well as other GC mediators are actively released into the lumen to defend the host when the GI tract is challenged by noxious stimuli. The ability of GCs to sense and respond to danger signals, such as bacterial pathogens, has recently been linked to inflammasome signaling, potentially intrinsic to the GCs themselves. Moreover, further work suggests that GCs release Muc2, as well as other mediators, to modulate the composition of the gut microbiome, leading to both the expansion as well as the depletion of specific gut microbes. This review will focus on the mechanisms by which GCs actively defend the host from noxious stimuli, as well as describe advanced technologies and new approaches by which their responses can be addressed. Taken together, we will highlight current insights into this understudied, yet critical, aspect of intestinal mucosal protection and its role in promoting gut defense and homeostasis.
Mechanisms and consequences of oxidative stress in lung disease: therapeutic implications for an aging populace
Authors: Hecker Louise
Published: January 2018

The rapid expansion of the elderly population has led to the recent epidemic of age-related diseases, including increased incidence and mortality of chronic and acute lung diseases. Numerous studies have implicated aging and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various pulmonary diseases; however, despite recent advances in these fields, the specific contributions of aging and oxidative stress remain elusive. This review will discuss the consequences of aging on lung morphology and physiology, and how redox imbalance with aging contributes to lung disease susceptibility. Here, we focus on three lung diseases for which aging is a significant risk factor: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Preclinical and clinical development for redox- and senescence-altering therapeutic strategies are discussed, as well as scientific advancements that may direct current and future therapeutic development. A deeper understanding of how aging impacts normal lung function, redox balance, and injury-repair processes will inspire the development of new therapies to prevent and/or reverse age-associated pulmonary diseases, and ultimately increase health span and longevity. This review is intended to encourage basic, clinical, and translational research that will bridge knowledge gaps at the intersection of aging, oxidative stress, and lung disease to fuel the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for lung diseases that disproportionately afflict the elderly.
Characterization of urinary exosomal release of aquaporin-1 and -2 after renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats
Authors: Asvapromtada Siree , Sonoda Hiroko , Kinouchi Minami , Oshikawa Sayaka , Takahashi Saki , Hoshino Yuya , Sinlapadeelerdkul Thitaporn , Yokota-Ikeda Naoko , Matsuzaki Toshiyuki , Ikeda Masahiro
Published: January 2018

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and an alteration in renal water handling has been observed during the transition of AKI to CKD. Urinary exosomal release of aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and AQP2, important proteins for renal water handling, has recently been reported to predict their levels of renal expression. Therefore, we examined the patterns of urinary exosomal release of AQP1 and AQP2, and the exosomal marker proteins tumor susceptibility 101 protein (TSG101) and ALG-2 interacting protein X (Alix), in the acute and chronic phases following induction of AKI by renal bilateral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats. Blood tests and histological examinations indicated that AKI occurred before at 7 days after renal I/R ( day 7) and that renal fibrosis developed progressively thereafter. Immunoblotting demonstrated significant decreases in the urinary exosomal release of AQP1 and AQP2 during severe AKI. Urinary exosomal release of Alix and TSG101 was significantly increased on day 7. These data were also confirmed in rats with unilateral renal I/R causing more serious AKI. Urinary exosomal release of either the Ser-256- or Ser-269-phosphorylated form of AQP2, both of which are involved in apical trafficking of AQP2, was positively correlated with that of total AQP2. These results suggest that urinary exosomal release of AQP1 and AQP2 is reduced in I/R-induced AKI, whereas that of Alix and TSG101 is increased in the initial phase of renal fibrosis. Furthermore, apical trafficking of AQP2 appears to be related to urinary exosomal release of AQP2.
Role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in modulating the expressions of aquaporins in obstructive kidney disease
Authors: Liu Mi , Sun Ying , Xu Man , Yu Xiaowen , Zhang Yue , Huang Songming , Ding Guixia , Zhang Aihua , Jia Zhanjun
Published: January 2018

Downregulation of aquaporins (AQPs) in obstructive kidney disease has been well demonstrated with elusive mechanisms. Our previous study indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction played a crucial role in this process. However, it is still uncertain how mitochondrial dysfunction affected the AQPs in obstructive kidney disease. This study investigated the role of mitochondria-derived oxidative stress in mediating obstruction-induced downregulation of AQPs. After unilateral ureteral obstruction for 7 days, renal superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2; mitochondria-specific SOD) was reduced by 85%. Meanwhile, AQP1, AQP2, AQP3, and AQP4 were remarkably downregulated as determined by Western blotting and/or quantitative real-time PCR. Administration of the SOD2 mimic manganese (III) tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP) significantly attenuated AQP2 downregulation in line with complete blockade of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances elevation, whereas the reduction of AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 was not affected. The cyclooxygenase (COX)-2/prostaglandin (PG) E2pathway has been well documented as a contributor of AQP reduction in obstructed kidney; thus, we detected the levels of COX-1/2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 (mPGES-1) in kidney and PGE2secretion in urine. Significantly, MnTBAP partially suppressed the elevation of COX-2, mPGES-1, and PGE2. Moreover, a marked decrease of V2receptor was significantly restored after MnTBAP treatment. However, the fibrotic response and renal tubular damage were unaffected by MnTBAP in obstructed kidneys. Collectively, these findings suggested an important role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in mediating AQP2 downregulation in obstructed kidney, possibly via modulating the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2/V2receptor pathway.
mCCDcl1cells show plasticity consistent with the ability to transition between principal and intercalated cells
Authors: Assmus A. M. , Mansley M. K. , Mullins L. J. , Peter A. , Mullins J. J.
Published: January 2018

The cortical collecting duct of the mammalian kidney plays a critical role in the regulation of body volume, sodium pH, and osmolarity and is composed of two distinct cells types, principal cells and intercalated cells. Each cell type is detectable in the kidney by the localization of specific transport proteins such as aquaporin 2 (Aqp2) and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in principal cells and V-ATPase B1 and connexin 30 (Cx30) in intercalated cells. mCCDcl1cells have been widely used as a mouse principal cell line on the basis of their physiological characteristics. In this study, the mCCDcl1parental cell line and three sublines cloned from isolated single cells (Ed1, Ed2, and Ed3) were grown on filters to assess their transepithelial resistance, transepithelial voltage, equivalent short circuit current and expression of the cell-specific markers Aqp2, ENaC, V-ATPaseB1, and Cx30. The parental mCCDcl1cell line presented amiloride-sensitive electrogenic sodium transport indicative of principal cell function; however, immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR showed that some cells expressed the intercalated cell-specific markers V-ATPase B1 and Cx30, including a subset of cells also positive for Aqp2 and ENaC. The three subclonal lines contained cells that were positive for both intercalated and principal cell-specific markers. The vertical transmission of both principal and intercalated cell characteristics via single cell cloning reveals the plasticity of mCCDcl1cells and a direct lineage relationship between these two physiologically important cell types and is consistent with mCCDcl1cells being precursor cells.
Temporal neural mechanisms underlying conscious access to different levels of facial stimulus contents
Authors: Hsu Shen-Mou , Yang Yu-Fang
Published: January 2018

An important issue facing the empirical study of consciousness concerns how the contents of incoming stimuli gain access to conscious processing. According to classic theories, facial stimuli are processed in a hierarchical manner. However, it remains unclear how the brain determines which level of stimulus content is consciously accessible when facing an incoming facial stimulus. Accordingly, with a magnetoencephalography technique, this study aims to investigate the temporal dynamics of the neural mechanism mediating which level of stimulus content is consciously accessible. Participants were instructed to view masked target faces at threshold so that, according to behavioral responses, their perceptual awareness alternated from consciously accessing facial identity in some trials to being able to consciously access facial configuration features but not facial identity in other trials. Conscious access at these two levels of facial contents were associated with a series of differential neural events. Before target presentation, different patterns of phase angle adjustment were observed between the two types of conscious access. This effect was followed by stronger phase clustering for awareness of facial identity immediately during stimulus presentation. After target onset, conscious access to facial identity, as opposed to facial configural features, was able to elicit more robust late positivity. In conclusion, we suggest that the stages of neural events, ranging from prestimulus to stimulus-related activities, may operate in combination to determine which level of stimulus contents is consciously accessed. Conscious access may thus be better construed as comprising various forms that depend on the level of stimulus contents accessed.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study investigates how the brain determines which level of stimulus contents is consciously accessible when facing an incoming facial stimulus. Using magnetoencephalography, we show that prestimulus activities together with stimulus-related activities may operate in combination to determine conscious face detection or identification. This finding is distinct from the previous notion that conscious face detection precedes identification and provides novel insights into the temporal dynamics of different levels of conscious face perception.
Evidence of genetic predisposition for metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically obese normal weight
Authors: Huang Lam O. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Kilpeläinen Tuomas O.
Published: January 2018

Obesity has evolved into a global pandemic that constitutes a major threat to public health. The majority of obesity-related health care costs are due to cardiometabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are risk factors for Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. However, many obese individuals, often called metabolically healthy obese (MHO), seem to be protected from these cardiometabolic complications. Conversely, there is a group of individuals who suffer from cardiometabolic complications despite being of normal weight; a condition termed metabolically obese normal weight (MONW). Recent large-scale genomic studies have provided evidence that a number of genetic variants show an association with increased adiposity but a favorable cardiometabolic profile, an indicator for the genetic basis of the MHO and MONW phenotypes. Many of these loci are located in or near genes that implicate pathways involved in adipogenesis, fat distribution, insulin signaling, and insulin resistance. It has been suggested that a threshold for subcutaneous adipose tissue expandability may be at play in the manifestation of MHO and MONW, where expiry of adipose tissue storage capacity could lead to ectopic lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues such as liver, muscle, heart, and pancreatic beta cells. Understanding the genetic aspects of the mechanisms that underpin MHO and MONW is crucial to define appropriate public health action points and to develop effective intervention measures.
Transcriptional evidence for cross talk between JA and ET or SA during root-knot nematode invasion in tomato
Authors: Zhao Wenchao , Zhou Xiaoxuan , Lei Hui , Fan Jingwei , Yang Rui , Li Zilong , Hu Canli , Li Mengyan , Zhao Fukuan , Wang Shaohui
Published: January 2018

studies have demonstrated that jasmonic acid (JA) reduces root-knot nematode (RKN) infections in tomato plants. RKN invasion is sensed by roots, and root-derived JA signaling activates systemic defense responses, though this is poorly understood. Here, we investigate variations in the RKN-induced transcriptome in scion phloem between two tomato plant grafts: CM/CM ( Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. cv. Castlemart) and CM/ spr2 (a JA-deficient mutant). A total of 8,716 genes were differentially expressed in the scion phloem of the plants with JA-deficient rootstock via RNA sequencing. Among these genes, 535 upregulated and 153 downregulated genes with high copy numbers were identified as significantly differentially expressed. Among them, 34 predicted transcription factor genes were identified. Additionally, we used real-time quantitative PCR to analyze the expression patterns of 42 genes involved in the JA, ethylene, or salicylic acid pathway in phloem under RKN infection. The results suggested that in the absence of JA signaling, the ET signaling pathway is enhanced after RKN infection; however, alterations in the SA signaling pathway were not observed.
The Rare Togetherness of Bladder Leiomyoma and Neurofibromatosis
Authors: Yucel Cem , Budak Salih , Kisa Erdem , Celik Orcun , Kozacioglu Zafer
Published: January 2018

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (Von Recklinghausen disease) is a common, autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by involvement of multiple tissues derived from the neural crest. Urinary system involvement in neurofibromatosis is a rare condition. Leiomyoma of the bladder is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor. In this case, our experience and approach regarding the bladder leiomyoma development in a patient diagnosed with neurofibromatosis are presented and the literature data has been reviewed.
Automated Whole-Body Bone Lesion Detection for Multiple Myeloma on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT Imaging Using Deep Learning Methods
Authors: Xu Lina , Tetteh Giles , Lipkova Jana , Zhao Yu , Li Hongwei , Christ Patrick , Piraud Marie , Buck Andreas , Shi Kuangyu , Menze Bjoern H.
Published: January 2018

The identification of bone lesions is crucial in the diagnostic assessment of multiple myeloma (MM). 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT can capture the abnormal molecular expression of CXCR-4 in addition to anatomical changes. However, whole-body detection of dozens of lesions on hybrid imaging is tedious and error prone. It is even more difficult to identify lesions with a large heterogeneity. This study employed deep learning methods to automatically combine characteristics of PET and CT for whole-body MM bone lesion detection in a 3D manner. Two convolutional neural networks (CNNs), V-Net and W-Net, were adopted to segment and detect the lesions. The feasibility of deep learning for lesion detection on 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT was first verified on digital phantoms generated using realistic PET simulation methods. Then the proposed methods were evaluated on real 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT scans of MM patients. The preliminary results showed that deep learning method can leverage multimodal information for spatial feature representation, and W-Net obtained the best result for segmentation and lesion detection. It also outperformed traditional machine learning methods such as random forest classifier (RF), k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), and support vector machine (SVM). The proof-of-concept study encourages further development of deep learning approach for MM lesion detection in population study.
A Rare Case of Spontaneous Empyema by Clostridium perfringens
Authors: Basnet Sijan , Mir Izza , Mohanty Elan , Dhital Rashmi , Tharu Biswaraj , Ram Poudel Dilli
Published: January 2018

Empyema caused by clostridial infections is rare especially in the absence of invasive thoracic procedures. We present the case of an 81-year-old man without a history of preceding trauma who presented with shortness of breath and nonproductive cough and grew Clostridium perfringens only in the pleural cavity. He was predisposed to the infection due to his swallowing dysfunction. He was treated with penicillin and chest tube placement for drainage and subsequently improved.
An Analysis of the Physical Characteristics of the Summer Low Atmosphere in the Gobi Desert Adjacent to Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Li Yan , Sun Xuejin , Ning Hui , Qin Hongcai , Zhao Jiuquan
Published: January 2018

A month-long field observation campaign was conducted, which covered approximately 100 km2 of the Gobi Desert area on the southeast bank of Bosten Lake during the summer of 2016. The purpose of the study was to examine the physical characteristics of the low atmosphere over land-lake nonuniform underlying surfaces in the Gobi Desert of northwestern China. The results of the statistical analysis showed that, during the observational period, the average daytime surface horizontal thermal gradient reached up to −0.2°C/km from the lakeshore to southern Gobi Desert area. The near-surface wind field of the 7 km horizontal extent from the lakeshore was dominated by onshore breezes with average peak wind speeds above 5 m/s. In the atmospheric near-surface layer, an isohumidity layer at a height between 10 and 50 m a.g.l. was observed from 11:00 to 18:00 LST. Also, a case study for the atmospheric boundary layer and local circulation analyses was conducted. The onshore breezes were found to play a major role in the vertical structure of the local atmospheric boundary layer. The numerical simulation results indicated that there was an alternating day-night local circulation in the Bosten Lake area.
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Brucellosis among Indigenous Cattle in the Adamawa and North Regions of Cameroon
Authors: Awah-Ndukum J. , Mouiche M. M. M. , Bayang H. N. , Ngwa V. Ngu , Assana E. , Feussom K. J. M. , Manchang T. K. , Zoli P. A.
Published: January 2018

A cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted on cattle in the North and Adamawa Regions of Cameroon to investigate the status of bovine brucellosis and identify potential risk factors. The diagnosis was carried out using the Rose Bengal Plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (i-ELISA), while questionnaires were used to evaluate risk factors for bovine brucellosis in cattle. The Bayesian approach was used to evaluate the diagnostic tests’ sensitivity and specificity. The overall individual level (n=1031) and herd level (n=82) seroprevalence were 5.4% (0.4–10.5) and 25.6% (16.2–35.0), respectively. Bayesian analysis revealed sensitivity of 58.3% (26.4–92.7) and 89.6% (80.4–99.4) and specificity of 92.1% (88.7–95.2) and 95.7% (91.1–99.7) for RBPT and i-ELISA, respectively. Management related factors such as region, locality, herd size, and knowledge of brucellosis and animal related factors such as sex and age were significantly associated with seropositivity of brucellosis. Zoonotic brucellosis is a neglected disease in Cameroon. The study highlights the need for control measures and the need to raise public awareness of the zoonotic occurrence and transmission of bovine brucellosis in the country. An integrated disease control strategy mimicking the one health approach involving medical personnel, veterinarians, related stakeholders, and affected communities cannot be overemphasized.
Vitamin D and Male Sexual Function: A Transversal and Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tirabassi Giacomo , Sudano Maurizio , Salvio Gianmaria , Cutini Melissa , Muscogiuri Giovanna , Corona Giovanni , Balercia Giancarlo
Published: January 2018

Background. The effects of vitamin D on sexual function are very unclear. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the possible association between vitamin D and sexual function and at assessing the influence of vitamin D administration on sexual function. Methods. We retrospectively studied 114 men by evaluating clinical, biochemical, and sexual parameters. A subsample (n=41) was also studied longitudinally before and after vitamin D replacement therapy. Results. In the whole sample, after performing logistic regression models, higher levels of 25(OH) vitamin D were significantly associated with high values of total testosterone and of all the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire parameters. On the other hand, higher levels of total testosterone were positively and significantly associated with high levels of erectile function and IIEF total score. After vitamin D replacement therapy, total and free testosterone increased and erectile function improved, whereas other sexual parameters did not change significantly. At logistic regression analysis, higher levels of vitamin D increase (Δ-) were significantly associated with high values of Δ-erectile function after adjustment for Δ-testosterone. Conclusions. Vitamin D is important for the wellness of male sexual function, and vitamin D administration improves sexual function.
Three-Dimensional Coupled NLS Equations for Envelope Gravity Solitary Waves in Baroclinic Atmosphere and Modulational Instability
Authors: Zhao Baojun , Wang Ruyun , Yang Hongwei
Published: January 2018

Envelope gravity solitary waves are an important research hot spot in the field of solitary wave. And the weakly nonlinear model equations system is a part of the research of envelope gravity solitary waves. Because of the lack of technology and theory, previous studies tried hard to reduce the variable numbers and constructed the two-dimensional model in barotropic atmosphere and could only describe the propagation feature in a direction. But for the propagation of envelope gravity solitary waves in real ocean ridges and atmospheric mountains, the three-dimensional model is more appropriate. Meanwhile, the baroclinic problem of atmosphere is also an inevitable topic. In the paper, the three-dimensional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations are presented to describe the evolution of envelope gravity solitary waves in baroclinic atmosphere, which are derived from the basic dynamic equations by employing perturbation and multiscale methods. The model overcomes two disadvantages: (1) baroclinic problem and (2) propagation path problem. Then, based on trial function method, we deduce the solution of the CNLS equations. Finally, modulational instability of wave trains is also discussed.
Differential Effects of Three Techniques for Hepatic Vascular Exclusion during Resection for Liver Cirrhosis on Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats
Authors: Jia Changjun , Dai Chaoliu , Wang Hailiang , Wan Yi , Qiao Yunyu , Xu Feng , Peng Songlin , Zhao Yang , Zhao Chuang , Zhao Liang
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a serious concern during hepatic vascular occlusion. The objectives of this study were to assess effects of three techniques for hepatic vascular occlusion on I/R injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods. Liver cirrhotic rats had undertaken Pringle maneuver (PR), hemihepatic vascular occlusion (HH), or hepatic blood inflow occlusion without hemihepatic artery control (WH). Levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), and hemeoxygenase 1 (HMOX1) were assayed. Results. The histopathologic analysis displayed that liver harm was more prominent in the PR group, but similar in the HH and WH groups. The HH and WH groups responded to hepatic I/R inflammation similarly but better than the PR group. Mechanical studies suggested that TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and TLR4/TRIF transduction pathways were associated with the differential effects. In addition, the HH and WH groups had significantly higher levels of hepatic HMOX1 (P<0.05) than the PR group. Conclusions. HH and WH confer better preservation of liver function and protection than the Pringle maneuver in combating I/R injury. Upregulation of HMOX1 may lead to better protection and clinical outcomes after liver resection.
A Reduced‐Order Model for Active Suppression Control of Vehicle Longitudinal Low‐Frequency Vibration
Authors: Hao Donghao , Zhao Changlu , Huang Ying
Published: January 2018

Establishing a prediction model, with linearity and few dof (degree of freedom), is a key step for the design of a control algorithm based on the modern control theory. In this paper, such a model is needed for active suppression of vehicle longitudinal low‐frequency vibration. However, many dynamic processes in the vehicle have different effects on the vibration. Therefore, a detailed coupling model is firstly established, considering the dynamics of the torsional vibrations of the driveline and the tire, the tire force nonlinearity, and the vehicle vertical and pitch vibrations. Based on this model, sensitivity analysis is conducted and the results show that the tire slip, the torsional stiffness of the half‐shaft, and the tire have great influences on the longitudinal vibration. Then a three‐dof model is obtained by linearizing the tire slip into damping. A parameter estimation method is designed to obtain the model parameters. Finally, the model is validated. The time domain response, error analysis, and frequency response results demonstrate that the 3‐dof model has a good consistency with the detailed coupling model. It is suitable as a control‐oriented model.
Room Temperature Detection of Acetone by a PANI/Cellulose/WO3Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Aparicio-Martínez Eider , Osuna Velia , Dominguez Rocio B. , Márquez-Lucero Alfredo , Zaragoza-Contreras E. Armando , Vega-Rios Alejandro
Published: January 2018

Chemical sensing based on semiconducting metal oxides has been largely proposed for acetone sensing, although some major technical challenges such as high operating temperature still remain unsolved. This work presents the development of an electrochemical sensor based on nanostructured PANI/cellulose/WO3composite for acetone detection at room temperature. The synthesized materials for sensor preparation were polyaniline (PANI) with a conductivity of 13.9 S/cm and tungsten trioxide (WO3) in monoclinic phase doped with cellulose as carbon source. The synthesized materials were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and Raman spectroscopy. The composite was applied for acetone detection in the range of 0 to 100 ppmv at room temperature with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for monitoring resistance changes proportional to acetone concentration. The developed sensor achieved a calculated limit of detection of 10 ppm andR2of 0.99415 with a RSD of 5% (n=3) at room temperature. According to these results, the developed sensor is suitable for acetone sensing at room temperatures without the major shortcomings of larger systems required by high operating temperatures.
Internal Spreading of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case Report and Systemic Review
Authors: Jin Hui , Yan Huanhuan , Tang Huamei , Zheng Miao , Wu Chaojie , Liu Jun
Published: January 2018

An 18-year-old female diagnosed finally as PTC with intrathyroid spread was reported, and the diagnosis and surgical treatment of internal spreading of PTC were discussed. One lump was found on the thyroid isthmus by physical examination and B ultrasound, and multiple nodular shadows were found by CT. This patient finally underwent total thyroidectomy with bilateral central node dissection due to multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma except PTC in the isthmus found in right lobe by intraoperative frozen section. The pathological section showed a major thyroid carcinoma in thyroid isthmus with scattered micropapillary carcinoma around it in the whole thyroid gland. The small lesions are distributed around central lesion in a radial form and the number of small lesions decreases with increased distance from central lesion. PTC with internal spread should be distinguished from multifocal PTC and poorly differentiated PTC in pathology. Thyroid cancerous node had a large diameter; it was likely to have internal spread. Combined imaging before surgery should be valued to diagnose PTC with internal spread. Preoperative CT and intraoperative frozen section are helpful for surgical volume selection of PTC with internal spread.
Nonlinear Friction and Dynamical Identification for a Robot Manipulator with Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Ding Li , Li Xingcheng , Li Qilin , Chao Yuan
Published: January 2018

This paper concerns the problem of dynamical identification for an industrial robot manipulator and presents an identification procedure based on an improved cuckoo search algorithm. Firstly, a dynamical model of a 6-DOF industrial serial robot has been derived. And a nonlinear friction model is added to describe the friction characteristic at motion reversal. Secondly, we use a cuckoo search algorithm to identify the unknown parameters. To enhance the performance of the original algorithm, both chaotic operator and emotion operator are employed to help the algorithm jump out of local optimum. Then, the proposed algorithm has been implemented on the first three joints of the ER-16 robot manipulator through an identification experiment. The results show that (1) the proposed algorithm has higher identification accuracy over the cuckoo search algorithm or particle swarm optimization algorithm and (2) compared to linear friction model the nonlinear model can describe the friction characteristic of joints better.
A Comprehensive Method for Accurate Strain Distribution Measurement of Cell Substrate Subjected to Large Deformation
Authors: He Hong , Zhou Rong , Zou Yuanwen , Huang Xuejin , Li Jinchuan
Published: January 2018

Cell mechanical stretching in vitro is a fundamental technique commonly used in cardiovascular mechanobiology research. Accordingly, it is crucial to measure the accurate strain field of cell substrate under different strains. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a widely used measurement technique, which is able to obtain the accurate displacement and strain distribution. However, the traditional DIC algorithm used in digital image correlation engine (DICe) cannot obtain accurate result when utilized in large strain measurement. In this paper, an improved method aiming to acquire accurate strain distribution of substrate in large deformation was proposed, to evaluate the effect and accuracy, based on numerical experiments. The results showed that this method was effective and highly accurate. Then, we carried out uniaxial substrate stretching experiments and applied our method to measure strain distribution of the substrate. The proposed method could obtain accurate strain distribution of substrate film during large stretching, which would allow researchers to adequately describe the response of cells to different strains of substrate.
Gastrointestinal Histoplasmosis Presenting as an Acute Abdomen with Jejunal Perforation
Authors: Anderson Bryan R. , Marriott Jaron , Bulathsinghala Chinthaka , Anjum Humayun , Surani Salim
Published: January 2018

Introduction. Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis (GH) is a well-described albeit uncommon disease. It is found almost exclusively in the immunocompromised host, especially those with untreated HIV and low CD4 counts. Presentation with intestinal perforation is seen mostly commonly in the colon. We present a patient with jejunal perforation, and there have been only 3 previous cases reported in the literature. Case. A 39-year-old male with known, untreated HIV presented to the ED with an acute abdomen after experiencing worsening intermittent abdominal pain for 2 months before that was associated with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. CT of the abdomen and pelvis revealed evidence of gas in the mesentery, small bowel thickening, edema, and free fluid in the abdomen. Emergency exploratory laparotomy was conducted. Intraoperative findings included a perforated jejunum that was studded with nodular lesions as well as mesenteric masses. Histopathologic exam of these mesenteric masses and jejunal lesions were positive for histoplasmosis. Conclusion. Disseminated histoplasmosis is a life-threatening disease that occurs nearly exclusively in immunocompromised hosts. Untreated, mortality is as high as 80%. This rare presentation with jejunal perforation highlights the need for awareness of histoplasmosis involvement throughout the entirety of the GI tract.
Therapeutic Challenge with a CDK 4/6 Inhibitor Induces an RB-Dependent SMAC-Mediated Apoptotic Response in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Thangavel Chellappagounder , Boopathi Ettickan , Liu Yi , McNair Christopher , Haber Alex , Perepelyuk Maryna , Bhardwaj Anshul , Addya Sankar , Ertel Adam , Shoyele Sunday , Birbe Ruth , Salvino Joseph M. , Dicker Adam P. , Knudsen Karen E. , Den Robert B.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor (RB), a key regulator of cell-cycle progression and proliferation, is functionally suppressed in up to 50% of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RB function is exquisitely controlled by a series of proteins, including the CyclinD–CDK4/6 complex. In this study, we interrogated the capacity of a CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, to activate RB function.

Experimental Design and Results: We employed multiple isogenic RB-proficient and -deficient NSCLC lines to interrogate the cytostatic and cytotoxic capacity of CDK 4/6 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that while short-term exposure to palbociclib induces cellular senescence, prolonged exposure results in inhibition of tumor growth. Mechanistically, CDK 4/6 inhibition induces a proapoptotic transcriptional program through suppression of IAPs FOXM1 and Survivin, while simultaneously augmenting expression of SMAC and caspase-3 in an RB-dependent manner.

Conclusions: This study uncovers a novel function of RB activation to induce cellular apoptosis through therapeutic administration of a palbociclib and provides a rationale for the clinical evaluation of CDK 4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of patients with NSCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(6); 1402–14. ©2018 AACR.
Hypergastrinemia in Long-Term Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Shiotani Akiko , Katsumata Ryo , Gouda Kyousuke  , Fukushima Shinya , Nakato Rui , Murao Takahisa , Ishii Manabu , Fujita Minoru , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Sakakibara Takashi
Published: January 2018

Background/Aim: The use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is known to lead to hypergastrinemia; however, the data in patients with atrophic gastritis is still lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term PPIs use on the gastrin levels in patients with atrophic gastritis and to determine factors affecting hypergastrinemia in long-term users of PPIs. Methods: Serum Helicobacter pylori IgG, gastrin and pepsinogen levels were measured. Atrophic gastritis was assessed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopies based on the Kimura-Takemoto classification and pepsinogen levels. CYP2C19 polymorphisms were assessed using DNA extracted from peripheral blood. Results: A total number of 382 patients (275 men and 107 women) were enrolled. Median serum gastrin levels were higher in PPI users than in non- users (234 vs. 113 pg/mL, p < 0.001) and in women than in men (252 vs. 155 pg/mL, p = 0.006). Gastrin levels were significantly associated with corpus atrophy only in the subgroup of non-users of PPIs. Multivariate analysis revealed that hypergastrinemia (over 150 pg/mL) was significantly associated with PPI use (OR 5.30; 95% CI 3.32–8.47), women (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.33–3.72) and corpus atrophy (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.14–2.90). Conclusion: PPI use, women and corpus atrophy were risk factors for hypergastrinemia. Gender, but not corpus atrophy, affected the gastrin levels in long-term users of PPIs.