bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of Solanum tuberosum L. to drip irrigation and nitrogen application: productivity, nutrition composition, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity
Authors: Jakubowski Tomasz , Rolbiecki Stanisław , Rolbiecki Roman , Wichrowska Dorota , Figas Anna , Jagosz Barbara , Atilgan Atilgan , Pal-Fam Ferenc , Keszthelyi Sandor , Krakowiak-Bal Anna
Published: September 2024

Sustainable crop cultivation is a crucial goal in modern agriculture, aiming to attain high productivity while conserving natural resources. This requires the implementation of rational cultivation techniques, with proper irrigation and fertilization practices playing a crucial role in ensuring plant well-being and providing natural protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. The health-promoting properties of crops are also significantly influenced by irrigation and fertilization. This study investigated the productivity, nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Vineta early potato cultivar tubers under drip irrigation conditions, combined with nitrogen fertilization through fertigation or broadcasting. Two-factor trials included drip irrigation (control or drip) and nitrogen application (broadcast or fertigation). Precise treatments, such as drip irrigation and N-fertigation were found to enhance all productivity traits. Both practices positively impacted tuber nutrient content. The highest levels of total polyphenols and chlorogenic acid were observed in non-irrigated and broadcasted tubers. Drip-irrigated and N-fertigated tubers exhibited high levels of vitamin C and antioxidant activity. In summary, the combination of drip irrigation with appropriate fertilization methods positively influenced potato crops, as evidenced by an increase in productivity and the quality of tubers.
Improved YOLOv5m model based on Swin Transformer, K-means++, and Efficient Intersection over Union (EIoU) loss function for cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao) disease detection
Authors: Nyarko Benedicta Nana Esi , Wu Wu Bin , Zhou Zhou Jinzhi , Mohd Mwanaharusi Mohd Juma
Published: September 2024

The cocoa tree is prone to diverse diseases such as stem borer, stem canker, swollen shot, and root rot disease which impedes high yield. Early disease detection is a critical component of diverse management processes that are implemented throughout the life cycle of cocoa plants. Consequently, several studies on the application of detection techniques to recognize diseases have been proposed by several researchers. This study proposes the YOLOv5m network for cocoa tree disease detection. The development of cocoa disease detection systems will aid farmers in early identification prompt response, and efficient management of related cocoa tree diseases which will ultimately increase yield and sustainability. To improve the performance of the YOLOv5m network, a Swin Transformer (Swin-T) was added to the backbone network to improve cocoa tree disease detection accuracy. By obtaining global information, the K-means++ algorithm was added to modify the choice of initial clustering locations, and Efficient Intersection over Union Loss (EIoU) was used as a bounding box regression loss function to speed up the bounding box regression rate, resulting in higher precision of the YOLOv5m network. The experimental assessment outcome of this study showed that the proposed method YOLOv5m (Swin-T, K-means++, EIoU) achieved 96% precision, mAP of 92%, and recall of 94%. Compared to the original YOLOv5m, precision improved by 5%, mAP improved by 6%, and recall by 5%. Comparing the proposed method to the conventional YOLOv5m, the latter showed improved performance and better accuracy with a high detection speed and compactness. This improvement offers a useful and effective method for detecting diseases related to cocoa trees.
Participatory Environmental Governance and Payments for Environmental Services: the Strategic Role of Universities
Authors: Prado Ana Cristina Campos , Novaes André Lucas , Cardoso Giselle Cristina , Zaro Elise Soerger , Tiezzi Rafael de Oliveira
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the integration of Participatory Environmental Governance into Payment for Environmental Services (PES) programs, with the aim of proposing a theoretical model that actively involves universities as facilitators in this process.
 
Theoretical Framework: The theories of Participatory Environmental Governance and the Payment for Environmental Services model are highlighted, providing a solid foundation for understanding the research context.
 
Method: A theoretical and qualitative approach is used. The study involves a review of existing literature on PES and Participatory Governance, followed by a discussion of the limitations of current models and the proposal of a new framework for the proposed integration.
 
Results and Discussion: The results revealed the potential effectiveness of Participatory Environmental Governance in improving the equity and sustainability of PES programs. The relationships between community participation, universities, and the success of PES are highlighted.
 
Research Implications: The implications of this research can be applied to public policies and environmental management practices. These implications may encompass areas such as environmental education, conservation policies, and the role of universities in sustainability.
 
Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by proposing a novel integration between Participatory Environmental Governance and PES programs, highlighting the strategic role of universities. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential application in different contexts, promoting more participatory and sustainable natural resource management.
Production Costs in the Processing of Cocoa Derivatives
Authors: García Ketty del Rocío Hurtado , Briones Rosa Marjorie Torres , Sinchiguano Brenda Elizabeth Oña , Cano Gloria Evelina Pazmiño , Marmolejo Fabián Medardo Moran
Published: September 2024

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the costs generated in the production of cocoa derivatives through a production order costing system in the Asociación de Producción Agrícola de Cacao Nacional La Maná (ASOPROCANAM).
 
Theoretical Framework: The main concepts on production costs and cocoa derivatives in ASOPROCANAM are presented, which allow understanding the research.
 
Method: The adopted methodology of research with a mixed approach, qualitative-quantitative, supported by a documentary bibliographic research, among the research techniques were the interview applied to the owner and the observation at the site where the company is located to determine the processes that were carried out in the elaboration of cocoa derivatives. The instruments were the interview questionnaire and the matrix of cost elements.
 
Results and Discussion: It is concluded that the design of a production order costing system allowed an effective management of production costs in the production of cocoa derivatives such as chocolate bars, chocolates and hydration drinks, this system provides a structured approach to allocate costs to each production order and a net profit of 31%, which translates into $0.70 cents for each hydration drink sold.
 
Implications of the research: The production processes, as well as the cost elements used in the elaboration of the cocoa products, thus the chocolate bars, the total costs were $238.75, having a total unit cost of $0. 24 cents, an operating profit of 52% and a net profit of 33%, which translates into $0.17 cents for each chocolate bar sold; for chocolates, total costs were $206.67, with a total unit cost of $0.07 cents, an operating profit of 70% and a net profit of 45%.
Preparation of a Map of Potential Areas For the Installation of a Sewage Treatment Plant in the Porto Murtinho/MS Region
Authors: Corrêa Nelison Ferreira , Paranhos Filho Antonio Conceição , Ribeiro Vinícius de Oliveira , Martins Valmor Nazario , Oliveira Bruna Alves de Souza , Oliveira Junior Elias de
Published: September 2024

Objective: The main objective is to prepare a thematic map to identify potential areas for the installation of a Sewage Treatment Station (ETE).
 
Theoretical Framework: This study addresses the importance of selecting locations for the installation of ETEs, which prioritize environmental and social aspects, in which geotechnologies are presented as valuable tools for efficient and integrated analysis.
 
Method: The methodology of this research was based on the acquisition and processing of geospatial and environmental data, complemented by the generation of thematic maps such as watercourses, areas subject to flooding, roads, land use and occupation, slope, soils and distances from the urban perimeter. Data integration through map algebra was performed in the QGIS software, in addition, WRPLOT View was used for the directional analysis of the winds in Porto Murtinho/MS.
 
Results and Discussion: The results of this study indicate that the areas with the greatest potential for installation are mostly located within 1 (one) kilometer of the urban perimeter security strip. The analysis of the prevailing winds revealed that they form a corridor in the north/south direction, suggesting that the regions east of the city are more suitable for the implementation of the treatment system.
 
Research Implications: The multifaceted approach, considering environmental and operational factors, makes it possible to identify suitable areas for ETEs.
 
Originality/Value: This study was developed, highlighting that limiting factors are essential in identifying areas unsuitable for installing the structure, while non-limiting maps are essential for classifying the installation potential.
Additive Manufacturing of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Produced From Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)
Authors: Simon Douglas Alexandre , Mantovani Jonas , Bischoff Eveline
Published: September 2024

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of producing recycled acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (r-ABS) filaments from waste electrical and electronic equipment (W EEE) casings, specifically discarded monitors and televisions, and to compare their properties with those of virgin ABS.
 
Theoretical Framework: The research was based on a literature review of additive manufacturing, WEEE recycling, and the thermal, mechanical, rheological, and microscopic characterizations of recycled polymers, with an emphasis on fused deposition modeling (FDM).
 
Method: WEEE casings were collected and mechanically recycled to produce r-ABS filaments. These filaments were characterized and compared with virgin ABS filaments using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), rheological, mechanical, and microscopic evaluations.
 
Results and Conclusion: The results indicated that r-ABS filaments exhibit properties comparable to those of virgin ABS. FTIR analysis revealed the presence of the main functional groups of ABS in the recycled samples. Thermal analysis showed similar behavior between the recycled and virgin materials, with a single thermal decomposition event. Rheological analysis demonstrated that r-ABS possesses viscoelastic properties suitable for the FDM process, and mechanical characterization showed that r-ABS exhibited tensile strength close to virgin ABS. Microscopic analysis revealed good layer adhesion and a low number of voids, factors that contribute to the quality of the printed objects.
 
Research Implications: This study contributes to the valorization of polymeric waste, promoting the use of recycled materials in additive manufacturing processes, which can benefit both the environment and the 3D printing industry.
 
Originality/Value: The research addresses a topic still underexplored in the literature, especially concerning the recycling of WEEE casings for the production of ABS filaments.
Accuracy evaluation of the marine diesel engines harmonic excitation moments determination by means of the simplified indicator diagrams
Authors: Лапин Юрий Алексеевич , Грибиниченко Матвей Валерьевич , Портнова Олеся Сергеевна
Published: September 2024

В статье рассмотрен вопрос применимости, получаемых расчётом упрощённых индикаторных диаграмм к расчёту резонансных амплитуд крутильных колебаний в установках с дизелями, имеющими системы ограничения максимального давления сгорания. Кратко описано, каким образом и для каких целей в современных судовых дизелях осуществляется ограничение максимального давления сгорания. Приведены действительная и упрощённая индикаторные диаграммы, а также диаграммы крутящего момента от сил давления газов для современного малооборотного двухтактного дизеля. Приведены результаты гармонического анализа этих диаграмм. Результаты исследования показали, что применение упрощённых индикаторных диаграмм недопустимо при расчёте резонансных амплитуд систем с дизелями, имеющими изменяемые углы впрыска топлива. Также отмечена целесообразность рассмотрения резонансов с 12-го по 24-й порядок при анализе таких установок на крутильные колебания.

The article considers the calculated simplified indicator diagrams applicability to the forced torsional vibration calculation in power plants with diesels having systems for limiting the maximum combustion pressure. It is briefly described how and why the maximum combustion pressure is limited in modern marine diesels. The actual and simplified indicator diagrams are given, as well as the diagrams of torque from gas pressure forces for a modern low-speed two-stroke diesel engine. Harmonic analysis results for these diagrams are presented. The study results showed that simplified indicator diagrams using is unacceptable when calculating forced torsional vibration of systems with diesels having variable fuel injection angles. Also, performed work has shown the expediency of considering resonances from 12 to 24 orders when performing torsional vibration analysis for such power plants.
Формирование функциональной грамотности в начальной школе: теоретические и практические аспекты
Authors: Коршунова Наталья Леонидовна , Лущик Марина Александровна
Published: September 2024

Based on domestic research, the article presents theoretical approaches to the formation and development of functional literacy of students, examines the history of the concept of "functional literacy". The importance of functional literacy for human life in the context of changes taking place in the world has been revealed, and the factors contributing to the success of this process have been identified. The interrelation of the concepts of "functional literacy" and "universal learning activities", "system-activity approach" is revealed. The article discusses issues related to improving the level of professional competencies of primary school teachers. The necessity of a comprehensive study of the problem of the formation of functional literacy in primary school is substantiated. The obtained research results can be used in further study of the features of the formation of functional literacy of younger schoolchildren. The topic under consideration may also be of interest to teachers for building methodological work on the formation of functional literacy, a skill of the 21st century.
Real-world outcomes in patients with hereditary angioedema prescribed lanadelumab versus other prophylaxis
Authors: Anderson John , Soteres Daniel , Tachdjian Raffi , Mellor Jennifer , Earl Lucy , Connolly Hannah , Wynne-Cattanach Kieran , Moran Kellyn , Sing Krystal , Schultz Bob G. , Juethner Salome
Published: September 2024

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by painful, debilitating, and potentially fatal swelling attacks. Lanadelumab is approved as long-term prophylaxis (LTP) in patients with HAE. However, real-world data on LTP use in patients
with HAE are limited. Objective: To describe clinical characteristics, attack history, and quality of life (QoL) of patients with HAE type I/II who were receiving lanadelumab or other LTPs. Methods: Data were drawn from the Adelphi HAE Disease Specific
Program, a cross-sectional survey of HAE physicians conducted in the United States from July to November 2021. Physician-reported disease characteristics, HAE attack frequency, and QoL were compared among patients receiving lanadelumab or other LTPs for at least 12 months. Results:
Physicians reported data for 144 patients, of whom 29 had received lanadelumab and 115 had received another prophylaxis for at least 12 months. The mean ± standard deviation number of attacks in the previous 12 months was lower among patients receiving lanadelumab than other LTPs
(2.3 ± 3.1 versus 3.4 ± 2.8, respectively; p = 0.075). Although both groups had similar current disease activity and severity, more patients receiving lanadelumab versus other LTPs had high disease activity (51.7% versus 12.5%, respectively; p < 0.0001)
and disease severity rated as severe (51.7% versus 16.1%, respectively; p = 0.0001) at diagnosis. Physicians reported that more patients who received lanadelumab had good or very good QoL (72.4%) than those receiving other LTPs (36.5%) (p = 0.003). Conclusion:
Analysis of these findings suggests lower attack frequency, lower symptomatic impact, and better QoL in patients treated with lanadelumab than another prophylaxis in a real-world setting.
Immunodeficiency: Gene therapy for primary immune deficiency
Authors: Afzal Sarah Y. , MacDougall Matthew S. , McGhee Sean A.
Published: September 2024

Current gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity have involved the use of gene addition approaches with viral delivery. This main strategy has had demonstrated success mainly in severe combined immune deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and chronic granulomatous disease. Despite the increasing success of gene therapy, there are limitations of gene therapy, and, therefore, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation continues to be the preferred option. With improvements in viral delivery through next-generation lentiviral vectors and the advent of gene editing with CRISPR-Cas9, the efficacy and safety of gene therapy may soon surpass hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Furthermore, these advances improve the viability of gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity primarily through decreased risk of transplantation-related complications. Therefore, despite current limitations, gene therapy for inborn errors of immunity is poised to continue to expand to more patients and indications.
Immunodysregulation in immunodeficiency
Authors: Chang Christopher
Published: September 2024

The primary immunodeficiency diseases are often accompanied by autoimmunity, autoinflammatory, or aberrant lymphoproliferation. The paradoxical nature of this association can be explained by the multiple cells and molecules involved in immune networks that interact with each other in synergistic, redundant, antagonistic, and parallel arrangements. Because progressively more immunodeficiencies are found to have a genetic etiology, in many cases, a monogenic pathology, an understanding of why immunodeficiency is really an immune dysfunction becomes evident. Understanding the role of specific genes allows us to better understand the complete nature of the inborn error of immunity (IEI); the latter is a term generally used when a clear genetic etiology can be discerned. Autoimmune cytopenias, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and autoimmune liver diseases as well as lymphomas and cancers frequently accompany primary immunodeficiencies, and it is important that the practitioner be aware of this association and to expect that this is more common than not. The treatment of autoimmune or immunodysregulation in primary immunodeficiencies often involves further immunosuppression, which places the patient at even greater risk of infection. Mitigating measures to prevent such an infection should be considered as part of the treatment regimen. Treatment of immunodysregulation should be mechanism based, as much as we understand the pathways that lead to the dysfunction. Focusing on abnormalities in specific cells or molecules,e.g.,cytokines, will become increasingly used to provide a targeted approach to therapy, a prelude to the success of personalized medicine in the treatment of IEIs.
Overview of secondary immunodeficiency
Authors: Herman Katherine E. , Tuttle Katherine L.
Published: September 2024

In contrast to inborn errors of immunity (IEI), which are inherited disorders of the immune system that predispose to infections, malignancy, atopy, and immune dysregulation, secondary immunodeficiencies and immune dysregulation states (SID) are acquired impairments in immune cell function and/or regulation, and may be transient, reversible, or permanent. SIDs can derive from a variety of medical comorbidities, including protein-losing conditions, malnutrition, malignancy, certain genetic syndromes, prematurity, and chronic infections. Medications, including immunosuppressive and chemotherapeutic drugs, can have profound effects on immunity and biologic agents used in rheumatology, neurology, and hematology/oncology practice are increasingly common causes of SID. Iatrogenic factors, including surgical procedures (thymectomy, splenectomy) can also contribute to SID. A thorough case history, medication review, and laboratory evaluation are necessary to identify the primary driver and determine proper management of SID. Careful consideration should be given to whether a primary IEI could be contributing to autoimmunity, malignancy, and posttreatment complications (e.g., antibody deficiency). SID management consists of addressing the driving condition and/or removing the offending agent if feasible. If SID is suspected to be permanent, then antibiotic prophylaxis, additional immunization, and immunoglobulin replacement should be considered.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Alsaati Nouf , Grier Alexandra , Ochfeld Elisa , McClory Susan , Heimall Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Primary immunodeficiencies, also commonly called inborn errors of immunity (IEI), are commonly due to developmental or functional defects in peripheral blood cells derived from hematopoietic stem cells. In light of this, for the past 50 years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been used as a definitive therapy for IEI. The fields of both clinical immunology and transplantation medicine have had significant advances. This, in turn, has allowed for both an increasing ability to determine a monogenic etiology for many IEIs and an increasing ability to successfully treat these patients with HSCT. Therefore, it has become more common for the practicing allergist/immunologist to diagnose and manage a broad range of patients with IEI before and after HSCT. This review aims to provide practical guidance for the clinical allergist/immunologist on the basics of HSCT and known outcomes in selected forms of IEI, the importance of pre-HSCT supportive care, and the critical importance of and guidance for life-long immunologic and medical monitoring of these patients.
Anti-inflammatory activity and identification of two ‘Sarpagan’ indole alkaloids from the leaf methanolic extract of Rauvolfia densiflora (Wall.) Benth. ex Hook. f.
Authors: Sabin P. Q. , Girija T. P. , Usman A.
Published: September 2024

The Apocynaceae plant group contains many bioactive compounds that are pharmacologically relevant and are used as potential medicine for many diseases. Rauvolfia densiflora Benth. ex Hook.f. (syn- Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baill.) coming under the same family known for its diverse medicinal properties. The current study was carried out to evaluate the bioactive compounds present in the extract using GC-MS analysis and to find out the anti-inflammatory potential of the extract using in-vitro methods. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 16 bioactive compounds with diverse pharmacological activities. Among them, Oleic Acid, 17-hydroxy-, methyl ester, trans-decahydroquinoline, and Spiro-(1,3-dioxolane-2, 3’-indolin]-2’-one possesses more important properties. Two important sarpagan indole alkaloids were also identified namely Sarpagan-16-carboxylic acid or (Z) Akuammidine and sarpagan-17-ol or Vellosiminol, which are pharmacologically important compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic activities. The in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using the COX assay. COX assay showed 55.27% inhibition at a concentration of 200 μg/mL with an IC50 value of 155.38 μg/mL, this is an indication that the methanolic leaf extract R. densiflora has the potential to be developed as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Progressive Feature Extraction with a Greedy Network-growing Algorithm
Authors:   Electronic mail address: ryo@cc.u-tokai.ac.jp. Information Science Laboratory and Future Science and Technology Joint Research Center, Tokai University, 1117 Kitakaname Hiratsuka Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan, Kamimura Ryotaro
Published: September 2024

In this paper, a new information theoretic method called the greedy network-growing algorithm is proposed. The method is called "greedy," because a network with this algorithm grows while absorbing as much information as possible from outside. The method is based upon information theoretic competitive learning and can solve the fundamental problems inherent in competitive learning, such as the dead neurons and inappropriate number of neurons problems. The new model can grow networks by repeatedly maximizing information content and by gradually extracting salient features from input patterns. Because the new model can cope with inappropriate feature detection in the early stage of learning, extracted features should cover most of the input patterns. The new method is applied to political data analysis, medical data analysis, and information science education analysis. Experimental results confirm that the new method can acquire significant information and that more explicit features can be extracted.
Universality in Elementary Cellular Automata
Authors:   Department of Computation and Neural Systems, Caltech, Mail Stop 136-93, Pasadena, California 91125, USA, Cook Matthew
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to prove a conjecture made by Stephen Wolfram in 1985, that an elementary one dimensional cellular automaton known as "Rule 110" is capable of universal computation. I developed this proof of his conjecture while assisting Stephen Wolfram on research for A New Kind of Science [1].
Computing in Spiral Rule Reaction-Diffusion Hexagonal Cellular Automaton
Authors:   Electronic mail address: andrew.adamatzky@uwe.ac.uk Faculty of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, United Kingdom, Adamatzky Andrew , Wuensche Andrew ,   Electronic mail address: andy@ddlab.org Discrete Dynamics Lab, United Kingdom
Published: September 2024

A hexagonal ternary-state two-dimensional cellular automaton is designed which imitates an activator-inhibitor reaction-diffusion system, where the activator is self-inhibited in particular concentrations and the inhibitor dissociates in the absence of the activator. The automaton exhibits both stationary and mobile localizations (eaters and gliders), and generators of mobile localizations (glider-guns). A remarkable feature of the automaton is the existence of spiral glider-guns, a discrete analog of a spiral wave that splits into localized wave-fragments (gliders) at some distance from the spiral tip. It is demonstrated that the rich spatio-temporal dynamics of interacting traveling localizations and their generators can be used to implement computation, namely manipulation with signals, binary logical operations, multiple-value operations, and finite-state machines.
Multi-physics Modeling Using Cellular Automata
Authors:   Electronic mail address: bvick@vt.edu Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, Vick Brian
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a new modeling and solution method that is relatively simple yet powerful enough to handle complex multi-physics problems. The new methodology is based on a combination of cellular automata, finite difference, and analytical analysis concepts. The basic idea is to construct a cascading sequence of simple, explicit rules of evolution, rather than attempt to solve complicated partial differential equations. The resulting scheme is computationally explicit yet numerically stable. In addition to significant modeling flexibility, the cellular automata environment lends itself to extremely efficient computational algorithms and hardware implementation due to its inherent use of local rules and potential for parallel computation. The power and flexibility of the method is demonstrated by developing solutions for a general transport process consisting of elementary processes due to diffusion, advection, reaction kinetics, and external interaction. Explicit and numerically stable rules for each of these elementary processes are developed. Case studies produce physically realistic and numerically accurate solutions for complex processes. Numerical experiments show that the method is highly accurate if the time step is sufficiently small. The value of the method is that a library of rules for simple, elementary processes can be derived individually. These processes can be assembled in a modular manner in any combination to create models for complex processes. The method is currently being used in a number of applications, including a study of complex thermal/mechanical phenomena at the sliding contacts between rubbing surfaces.
Using Shape Grammar to Derive Cellular Automata Rule Patterns
Authors:   Corresponding author. Electronic mail address: tspeller@mit.edu Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, Speller, Jr. Thomas H. , Whitney Daniel ,   Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, Crawley Edward ,   Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Engineering Systems Division, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307
Published: September 2024

This paper shows how shape grammar can be used to derive cellular automata (CA) rules. Searching the potentially astronomical space of CA rules for relevance to a particular context has frustrated the wider application of CA as powerful computing systems. An approach is offered using shape grammar to visually depict the desired conditional rules of a behavior or system architecture (a form-function) under investigation, followed by a transcription of these rules as patterns into CA. The combination of shape grammar for managing the input and CA for managing the output brings together the human intuitive approach (visualization of the abstract) with a computational system that can generate large design solution spaces in a tractable manner.
Projectional Entropy in Higher Dimensional Shifts of Finite Type
Authors:   Electronic mail address: aimee@swarthmore.edu Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, Johnson Aimee , Kass Steve ,   Electronic mail address: skass@drew.edu Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940, Madden Kathleen ,   Electronic mail address: kmadden@drew.edu Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Drew University, Madison, NJ 07940
Published: September 2024

Any higher dimensional shift space (X, ℤd) contains many lower dimensional shift spaces obtained by projection onto r-dimensional sublattices L of ℤd where r < d. We show here that any projectional entropy is bounded below by the ℤd entropy and, in the case of certain shifts of finite type satisfying a mixing condition, equality is achieved if and only if the shift of finite type is the infinite product of a lower dimensional projection.
Evolución de la estrategia de internacionalización de INDITEX en América Latina
Authors: Benavides Giovanny Fernando
Published: September 2024

En 2022, el Grupo INDITEX experimentó un aumento de ventas del 12% en comparación con el año anterior, gracias a su estrategia de sostenibilidad, el desarrollo de nuevos productos y plataformas integradas. Este crecimiento se observó tanto en las tiendas físicas como en las online. Su expansión internacional en la última década, especialmente en América Latina y Asia, también contribuyó a estos resultados positivos”. Este manuscrito analiza las estrategias de internacionalización aplicadas en su proceso de expansión sostenida, enfocándose en el posicionamiento global del grupo en varios niveles: (competencia, desarrollo comercial, desarrollo logístico, estrategias de deslocalización, etc.), buscando indagar en las posibles maniobras asumidas a lo largo de los años, con un enfoque particular en Latinoamérica, una región que presenta sus propias inestabilidades y características únicas en cada país, así como diferencias en la demanda del mercado. Para lograr esto, se utilizará una metodología exploratorio-descriptiva basada en cuatro pasos: primero, una fase exploratoria descriptiva que ampliará el material bibliográfico con énfasis en informes oficiales de la empresa y revistas especializadas en moda y mercadeo; segundo, una descripción analítica mediante un informe recopilatorio y selectivo que permita identificar el criterio investigado; tercero, una fase exploratorio-analítica que agrupará y analizará los elementos en torno al tema estudiado; y cuarto, un análisis comparativo que buscará correlaciones directas o indirectas entre las estrategias de internacionalización y el crecimiento de la marca.
Eficiencia del Gasto Público en la Educación Superior de la Universidad Surcolombiana, 2016-2020
Authors: Piedrahita Guerrero José Manuel , Artunduaga González María Orlinda
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo de investigación da cuenta del análisis de la eficiencia del gasto público en la Educación Superior de la Universidad Surcolombiana (USCO) durante el período 2016-2020. Este estudio se llevó a cabo mediante un análisis de indicadores de gestión aplicados por la Institución de Educación Superior, a través de una escala de medición de la eficiencia basada en los recursos apropiados y ejecutados del presupuesto general. Estos recursos se distribuyen entre gastos de funcionamiento y gastos de inversión, siendo estos últimos dirigidos al cubrimiento de los proyectos, programas y políticas que se encuentran en cada uno de los subsistemas (Formación, Investigación, Proyección Social, Bienestar Universitario y Administrativo) incluidos en el Plan de Desarrollo Institucional 2015-2024. Además, estas operaciones se compararon con fórmulas de indicadores de gestión, tanto para la fuente de asignación del orden nacional como por la fuente de rentas propias de la universidad, como mecanismos para lograr el equilibrio fiscal de las inversiones que se realizan, cumpliendo con la misión institucional. Posteriormente, se adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, bajo el método deductivo de tipo analítico y descriptivo, propio para este tipo de estudios. Se emplearon técnicas de revisión documental y técnicas de medida de tendencia central con ayuda de Excel para el desarrollo de los respectivos análisis operacionales. Finalmente, el estudio concluyó que el análisis desarrollado sobre el indicador de eficiencia del gasto público en la Educación Superior de la USCO durante el período 2016-2020 logró una eficiencia positiva debido al buen equilibrio de sus finanzas públicas, el crecimiento de la capacidad instalada, la adquisición de laboratorios, el aumento de la producción intelectual en docentes y estudiantes, y el fortalecimiento del bienestar universitario.
Bifurcation Mechanism of Quasi-Halo Orbit from Lissajous Orbit
Authors: Lin Mingpei , Chiba Hayato
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a general analytical method to describe the center manifolds of collinear libration points in the restricted three-body problem (RTBP). It is well known that these center manifolds include Lissajous orbits, halo orbits, and quasi-halo orbits. Previous studies have traditionally treated these orbits separately by iteratively constructing high-order series solutions using the Lindstedt–Poincaré method. Instead of relying on resonance between their frequencies, this study identifies that halo and quasi-halo orbits arise due to intricate coupling interactions between in-plane and out-of-plane motions. To characterize this coupling effect, a novel concept, coupling coefficient [Formula: see text], is introduced in the RTBP, incorporating the coupling term [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text]-direction dynamics equation, where [Formula: see text] represents a formal power series concerning the amplitudes. Subsequently, a uniform series solution for these orbits is constructed up to a specified order using the Lindstedt–Poincaré method. For any given paired in-plane and out-of-plane amplitudes, the coupling coefficient [Formula: see text] is determined by the bifurcation equation [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text], the proposed solution describes Lissajous orbits around libration points. As [Formula: see text] transitions from zero to nonzero values, the solution describes quasi-halo orbits, which bifurcate from Lissajous orbits. Particularly, halo orbits bifurcate from planar Lyapunov orbits if the out-of-plane amplitude is zero. The proposed method provides a unified framework for understanding these intricate orbital behaviors in the RTBP.
Reynolds and Mach Number Effects on Propulsive Performance for a Pitching Airfoil
Authors: Ma Dechuan , Li Gaohua , Liu Jiahao , Wang Fuxin
Published: September 2024

In this work, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the effects of Reynolds ([Formula: see text]) and Mach ([Formula: see text]) numbers on thrust characteristics for a pitching airfoil. The results show that as [Formula: see text] increases, the thrust performance is improved. The inverse square root of Reynolds number is demonstrated to be a universal scaling law for both thrust coefficients and drag-to-thrust crossovers across [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In contrast, as [Formula: see text] increases above 0.1, the thrust performance is significantly reduced, especially when [Formula: see text] approaches 0.3. The thrust coefficients follow the square law of the Mach number, which also exhibits universality. Furthermore, the incompressible vortex projection method and the compressible vortex projection method are employed for thrust decomposition. Before this, the full expression of the compressible vortex projection method is derived. It is revealed that as [Formula: see text] increases, the improvement of thrust performance is primarily attributed to the reduced flow viscous effect and, meanwhile, benefits from the formation of more intense boundary layers and vortex structures in near wake. As [Formula: see text] increases, the enhancement of local flow compressibility ultimately leads to the divergence of added mass drag and thereby reduces the thrust performance.
Stowage Analysis of a Flat Flexure Elastic Hinge for Deployable Space Structures
Authors: Yasara Dharmadasa B. , Mejia-Ariza Juan , Sauder Jonathan , Focardi Paolo , Case Bradford Samuel , Arya Manan , López Jiménez Francisco
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces a design framework for elastically deformable hinges consisting of two parallel flat flexures, focusing on the case where the hinge is folded by 180 deg in the stowed configuration. The authors first consider architectures in which the flexures are staggered to avoid contact so that they can be modeled independently using Euler’s elastica. They next focus on the nonstaggered case when folding can result in contact between the flexures, which they study through finite element simulations. The paper provides a set of design guidelines by rationalizing the relationship between hinge dimensions and the allowable curvature in the flexure material. For most hinge geometries applicable to deployable structures, the authors find a simple requirement for the minimum flexure length as a function of the allowable curvature in the material, [Formula: see text]. Their analysis also provides insight into the reaction forces necessary to keep the hinge in the folded configuration, which is useful in determining the deployment dynamics and the constraints necessary to secure the panel in place during stowage. Experimental prototypes show good agreement with the numerical predictions.
Numerical Modeling of Non-Boussinesq Natural Convection in a Square Cavity Containing a Porous Layer
Authors: Fenni Manel , Hamimid Saber , Guellal Messaoud
Published: September 2024

Numerical simulations were conducted to study the fluid flow and heat transfer through a partially filled square enclosure with a horizontal porous layer at the bottom. The vertical walls of the enclosure were subjected to uniform heating and cooling at specified temperatures [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. The problem formulation was based on the Darcy–Brinkman model, which took into account density variation using the Mach number law approximation and incorporated variable properties. Based on the developed code, a parametric study of fluid flow and heat transfer inside the cavity was carried out to examine the effects of temperature difference, medium permeability, and Darcy number. Additionally, the variation of the Nusselt number on the hot and cold walls was provided to demonstrate the overall nature of heat transfer within the enclosure. The results of this study highlight that fluid flow and heat transfer are influenced by the temperature difference between the vertical walls and the characteristic parameters of the porous layer.
Realidad virtual y videojuegos en educación social. Percepciones y análisis en la formación de educadores
Authors:   Universidad de Extremadura (España), Cerezo-Pizarro Mario , Guerra-Antequera Jorge ,   Universidad de Extremadura (España), Revuelta-Domínguez Francisco Ignacio ,   Universidad de Extremadura (España), Melo-Sánchez Jairo ,   Universidad de Extremadura (España)
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the implementation of virtual reality and video games as innovative tools in the training of social educators. The objective is to analyze the integration of these technologies in educational environments and to evaluate the perceptions of future educa- tors. An innovation experience was carried out that incorporated virtual reality and video games in the classes of the Degree in Social Education. The results reveal a high acceptance around the integration of this technology in the study plans and the future daily practice of the social educator.
Hipertensão como consequência da obesidade na síndrome metabólica em crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Mendes Mariah Luisa Du Barriére Lopes , Araújo Maria Júlia Mascarenhas Lustosa de , Costa Amanda Paiva , Rocha Ana Clara Nogueira da , Barbosa João de Sousa Pinheiro
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência da hipertensão como consequência da obesidade na síndrome metabólica (SM) em crianças. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, na qual foram utilizados 20 estudos pesquisados nas plataformas de base de dados PUBMED, BVS E CAPES, sob uso dos descritores “Metabolic Syndrome AND Child Obesity AND Hypertension”. Através disso, foi possível sintetizar e relacionar os estudos por meio de seus resultados e diferentes abordagens de pesquisa. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que a hipertensão pode ser considerada uma consequência da Síndrome Metabólica (SM), visto que se mostra prevalente em uma boa quantidade de casos de SM. Considerações finais: Considera-se, ao analisar os resultados, que existe forte correlação entre a obesidade/sobrepeso e a hipertensão arterial em crianças, portanto, é possível expor a intrínseca relação entre  o desenvolvimento desses fatores, cada vez mais presentes na sociedade e os quais participam dos critérios de inclusão da Síndrome Metabólica, como os principais desencadeantes da enfermidade.
Uso do canabidiol (Cannabis sativa L.) como possível forma de tratamento para doença trofoblástica gestacional associada a Mola Hidatiforme
Authors: Silva Alison Jose da , Silva Isaque Bertoldo Santos da , Lima Maria Eduarda Carneiro de , Duarte Glenison da Rocha , Carvalho Elba Verônica Matoso Maciel de , Araújo Karolliny Barbosa de , Costa Ana Carolina Ribeiro Saraiva da , Santos Ana Vitoria Ferreira dos , Tenorio Bruno Mendes , Tenorio Fernanda das Chagas Angelo Mendes
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Descrever os efeitos do uso do canabidiol (Cannabis sativa L.) como possível forma de tratamento para doença trofoblástica gestacional. Revisão bibliográfica: A Doença Trofoblástica Gestacional é um grupo de anomalias que afetam as células do tecido trofoblástico placentário, incluindo lesões pré-invasivas e invasivas, como mola hidatiforme coriocarcinoma. O diagnóstico precoce, realizado por meio de ultrassonografia e testes de gonadotrofina coriônica humana, é fundamental para o tratamento eficaz, que serve como marcador tumoral importante para a doença trofoblástica gestacional. Por outro lado, o Canabidiol, derivado da Cannabis sativa L., demonstra potencial terapêutico em várias condições patológicas, em decorrência da interação com os receptores CB1 e CB2. Considerações finais: Dessa forma, espera-se, a partir da presente revisão de literatura, que sejam realizados novos estudos voltados para a investigação dos prováveis efeitos do canabidiol sobre os sistemas que compõem o organismo, uma vez que essa temática ainda não é completamente compreendida e conta com estudos relativamente antigos. Ademais, espera-se que sejam realizadas pesquisas para verificar a possível atividade do canabidiol frente às doenças trofoblástica gestacional e demais sistemas do organismo. Pesquisas com graus de evidências fortes e atuais são necessárias para melhorar a expectativa e qualidade de vida.
Perfil epidemiológico dos casos de dengue no período de 2017 a 2021 no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Reis Gilberto Antônio , Oliveira Júlia Neiva de Melo Franco , Reis Maria Fernanda Nascimento , Nogueira Stela Cristina de Lima
Published: September 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos prováveis de dengue no período de 2017 a 2021 no estado de Minas Gerais. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo sobre os perfis epidemiológicos dos casos prováveis de dengue no período de 2017 a 2021 no estado de Minas Gerais. Realizou-se uma coleta de dados por meio do Sistema de Notificação de Agravo de Notificação (SINAN), vinculado ao Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) no período de fevereiro e março de 2024. Resultados: No período estudado, foram contabilizados 641.069 casos prováveis de dengue, sendo que a maioria foi no público de sexo feminino 56,16%, raça parda 25,29% e faixa etária dos 20-39 anos 30,10%. Além disso, a maioria dos casos foram notificados nos meses de março, abril e maio, tiveram confirmação por critérios clínico-epidemiológicos e evoluíram para cura, sendo o sorotipo predominante não determinado. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a dengue permanece prevalente no estado de Minas Gerais e que a subnotificação continua sendo um fator desafiador para a análise epidemiológica, o que pode dificultar as ações de prevenção e combate à doença.
Nephrology in Puducherry
Authors: Raju Swathy , Kumar K. , Parameswaran Sreejith
Published: September 2024

We discuss the development of nephrology in Puducherry and provide an overview of nephrology clinical services, training opportunities, and research activities. Puducherry, as a union territory, has historically enjoyed better health statistics than the national average in India and has been a focal point for medical education. Puducherry has a robust health infrastructure both in the public and private sectors. Nephrology clinical services, such as dialysis and kidney transplantation (from living and deceased donors), renal pathology, and interventional nephrology services, are readily available and accessible to all sections of society, offering the full range of the latest therapies and technologies. Training opportunities in Nephrology and Dialysis technology are accessible, and academic institutions in Puducherry have contributed significant research on kidney diseases relevant to the region.