bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Extension of the DIRECT Algorithm to Multiple Objectives
Authors: Lovison Alberto , Miettinen Kaisa
Published: September 2020

Deterministic global optimization algorithms like Piyavskii–Shubert, direct, ego and many more, have a recognized standing, for problems with many local optima. Although many single objective optimization algorithms have been extended to multiple objectives, completely deterministic algorithms for nonlinear problems with guarantees of convergence to global Pareto optimality are still missing. For instance, deterministic algorithms usually make use of some form of scalarization, which may lead to incomplete representations of the Pareto optimal set. Thus, all global Pareto optima may not be obtained, especially in nonconvex cases. On the other hand, algorithms attempting to produce representations of the globally Pareto optimal set are usually based on heuristics. We analyze the concept of global convergence for multiobjective optimization algorithms and propose a convergence criterion based on the Hausdorff distance in the decision space. Under this light, we consider the well-known global optimization algorithm direct, analyze the available algorithms in the literature that extend direct to multiple objectives and discuss possible alternatives. In particular, we propose a novel definition for the notion of potential Pareto optimality extending the notion of potential optimality defined in direct. We also discuss its advantages and disadvantages when compared with algorithms existing in the literature.
Procedural Learning in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: De Wit Liselotte , Marsiske Michael , O’Shea Deirdre , Kessels Roy P.C. , Kurasz Andrea M. , DeFeis Brittany , Schaefer Nancy , Smith Glenn E.
Published: September 2020

The notion that procedural learning and memory is spared in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has important implications for interventions aiming to build on intact cognitive functions. However, despite these clinical implications, there are mixed findings in the literature about whether or not procedural learning remains intact. This meta-analysis examines the standard mean difference of all published studies regarding procedural learning in AD dementia or amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI) compared to cognitively healthy older adults. Additionally, we conducted statistical equivalence analyses. Our systematic review showed that only a limited number of studies (k = 17) have compared procedural learning between individuals with aMCI or AD dementia and healthy controls. Our meta-analysis, which synthesized these studies, demonstrated that while procedural learning performance was not statistically equivalent between individuals with aMCI or AD dementia, and healthy older adults, the difference was clinically and statistically trivial. Although larger studies are needed, the present findings suggest that procedural learning does appear to remain spared in aMCI and AD dementia.
A twofold tale of one mind: revisiting REC’s multi-storey story
Authors: Myin Erik , van den Herik Jasper C.
Published: September 2020

The Radical Enactive/Embodied view of Cognition, or REC, claims that all cognition is a matter of skilled performance. Yet REC also makes a distinction between basic and content-involving cognition, arguing that the development of basic to content-involving cognition involves a kink. It might seem that this distinction leads to problematic gaps in REC’s story. We address two such alleged gaps in this paper. First, we identify and reply to the concern that REC leads to an “interface problem”, according to which REC has to account for the interaction of two minds co-present in the same cognitive activity. We emphasise how REC’s view of content-involving cognition in terms of activities that require particular sociocultural practices can resolve these interface concerns. The second potential problematic gap is that REC creates an unjustified difference in kind between animal and human cognition. In response, we clarify and further explicate REC’s notion of content, and argue that this notion allows REC to justifiably mark the distinction between basic and content-involving cognition as a difference in kind. We conclude by pointing out in what sense basic and content-involving cognitive activities are the same, yet different. They are the same because they are all forms of skilled performance, yet different as some forms of skilled performance are genuinely different from other forms.
Estimation of Total Dissolved Solids in Water Bodies by Spectral Indices Case Study: Shatt al-Arab River
Authors: Maliki Ali A. A. , Chabuk Ali , Sultan Maitham A. , Hashim Bassim M. , Hussain Hussain M. , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: September 2020

In recent years, the problem of rising salinity levels in the Shatt al-Arab river in southern Iraq has been repeated, which has directly affected the living and health situation and the agricultural activity of these areas. Six sampling stations were selected along Shatt al-Arab to estimate the concentration of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the river; these stations included the following: Qurna, Labani, City Centre, Kateban, Corniche, and Sihan. In addition, three Landsat-8 satellite images which were taken at the same time as collected samples also used for detecting the salinity in the river. After processing of atmospheric correction and inserted remote sensing indices, the reflectance of water extracted from satellite images was used to express the spectral characteristics of different TDS concentrations. Correlation and regression were used to obtain accurate models for detecting the salinity depending on the spectral reflectance of Landsat 8 operational land image OLI. The results presented Pearson correlation (r) value of 0.70, 0.97, and 0.71, and correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.56, 0.94, and 0.85 between field data with spectral data of salinity index 2 (SI-2) derived from the green and blue bands of Landsat obtained in 2015, 2017, and 2018 respectively. In conclusion, remote sensing and GIS technologies coupled with spectral modeling are useful tools for providing a solution of future water resources planning and management, and also offer great undertaking as a means to improve knowledge of water quality and support water decision making.
A self-organizing base station sleeping and user association strategy for dense cellular networks
Authors: Post Bart , Borst Sem , van den Berg Hans
Published: September 2020

Due to the rising concerns of energy consumption in wireless networks, base station (BS) sleeping strategies were introduced to save energy in low traffic scenarios. In this paper we analyse a weighted trade-off between energy consumption and user-perceived performance in dense cellular networks. We present an optimization problem representing this trade-off and derive properties of its optimal solutions. Using these properties we design a self-organizing strategy that dynamically (online) makes load-aware user association and BS operation decisions. Our strategy is self-organizing in the sense that it does not need any information or optimization beforehand, it simply relies on real-time load measurements at the BSs and user-reported SINR values. We furthermore present extensive simulation results, demonstrating the effectiveness of our self-organizing strategy and the impact of increased energy consumption on the user-perceived performance.
Screening for Trauma in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Keeshin Brooks , Byrne Kara , Thorn Brian , Shepard Lindsay
Published: September 2020

Purpose of Review

Provided the high prevalence of trauma exposure in childhood as well as the risk for morbidity, this article examines evidence, a recommended approach, and key implementation factors relevant to screening for trauma in pediatric primary care.

Recent Findings

A standardized approach to trauma screening is possible, but previous attempts have relied heavily upon exposure screening and failed to guide an individualized response specific to the impact of trauma on the child and family. Trauma screening tools for pediatric primary care should be brief and inform the care response based on screening for trauma exposure, traumatic stress symptoms, functional impact, and suicidality.

Clinicians should use trauma screening to (1) identify if the child has any ongoing risk of harm and report where required; (2) determine risk of suicidality and respond appropriately; (3) assess need for evidence-based trauma treatment based on symptoms and functional impact; and (4) provide a skill or guidance targeting the most severe or pressing traumatic stress symptoms.
Erratum zu „Single-particle tracking von GPCRs‟
Authors: Franken Sebastian , Bussmann Hendrik , Häberlein Hanns , Bonke Erik , End Caroline
Published: September 2020

Anlass des Erratums: Unter dem Original-Artikel hat die Funding Note gefehlt mit dem Hinweis bzgl. der Open Access Licence
Die Länge spezifischer Ubiquitin-ketten beeinflusst ihre Erkennung
Authors: Lutz Joachim , Höllmüller Eva , Scheffner Martin , Marx Andreas , Stengel Florian
Published: September 2020

The attachment of differently linked ubiquitin (Ub) chains of varying length to proteins is a prevalent posttranslational modification in eukaryotic cells. We established an affinity enrichment approach for the identification of linkage- and length-selective ubiquitin binding proteins and could show that in addition to the linkage, the length of a Ub chain is an important determinant for Ub chain recognition.
Angewandte Elektrochemie in der Biohydrometallurgie
Authors: Tanne Christoph , Schippers Axel
Published: September 2020

Biohydrometallurgy recovers metals based on bioprocess engineering. This includes bioleaching, whereby metals are extracted by microbially catalyzed dissolution of ores in a strong acidic environment. These are favorable conditions for applied electroanalysis and electrochemical engineering. Applicable for process control and improvement are either controlled or spontaneous electrochemistry. These are performed by electrolysis techniques and the establishment of galvanic interactions.
Genfunktionen effizient identifizieren mit iPool-seq
Authors: Rink Philipp , Djamei Armin
Published: September 2020

Classical gene characterisation using deletion mutants generated by homologous recombination is slow and can only be applied gene for gene. In our studies we established the iPool-seq method in the pathosystem of Ustilago maydis and Zea mays. This method uses parallel insertion sequencing to identify mutants with growth deficiencies under specific conditions. Furthermore, due to adaptability, the iPool-seqcould be capable to identify novel gene functions not only in plant-pathogen-interactions but in a broad range of organisms.
A predictive model for the wettability of chalk
Authors: Nourani Meysam , Hemmingsen Schovsbo Niels , Jahanbani Ghahfarokhi Ashkan , Møller Nielsen Carsten , Sigalas Lykourgos , Meyer Aurelien Gabriel , Olsen Dan , Stemmerik Lars
Published: September 2020

Wettability is usually measured in special core analyses of limited plug samples according to typically costly and time-consuming procedures. For comparative purposes, wettability is considered an index. The two most frequently used wettability indices are the Amott–Harvey wettability index and the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) index. The Amott–Harvey wettability index is linked to imbibition characteristics and the USBM index is associated with the area under capillary pressure curves. To provide a fast analytical method, a mathematical model for predicting the wettability of chalk is presented. The model is calibrated using experimental wettability data and subsequently applied to two wells in Danish chalk oil fields in the North Sea and to outcrop chalk samples. The model supplements traditional labor-intensive laboratory measurements and predicts water wettability variations with depth by modeling both depth and porosity dependencies; in addition, it provides estimates of the effects of the aging time and displacement temperature of chalk wettability measurements in the laboratory.
Appropriate extent of surgery for aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Muhonen Ethan G. , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Papagiannopoulos Peter , Kuan Edward C.
Published: September 2020

The current literature lacks strong guidelines regarding surgical management of patients with aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), who present with the clinical triad of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), bronchial asthma, and aspirin/nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug intolerance. To further define the effectiveness of sinus surgery in treating AERD patients, this review article discusses current evidence regarding outcomes associated with more extensive surgery, the benefits of frontal sinus surgery on polyposis, and the role of Draf III intervention. Numerous studies suggest that Draf III frontal sinusotomy may be an efficacious early intervention due to increased neo‐ostial patency and subsequent distribution of topical therapies. Future studies that further investigate the efficacy and safety of extensive surgery in AERD patients are warranted.
A Resilient Industry? Business Strategies in the Footwear Industry of Southern Europe, 1970–2007
Authors: MIRANDA JOSÉ ANTONIO , ROLDÁN ALBA
Published: September 2020

The footwear industry in southern Europe has faced several periods of strong crisis since the 1970s. This paper analyzes these crises and the resilience strategy developed by the sector in Italy, Spain, and Portugal, the major producing countries. Although many common features are observed in the three countries, both in the chronology and the nature of the crises and in the measures to overcome the difficulties, significant differences in the characteristics of the industry and the behavior of the companies are also appreciated. These differences have determined the degree of resilience of the sector in each country.
The legal consequences of jus cogens and the individuation of norms
Authors: Linderfalk Ulf
Published: September 2020

International law ascribes to the conferral of a jus cogens status on a norm a particular legal significance. Bluntly put, jus cogens norms have legal consequences that norms of ordinary international law do not. International lawyers have a great many different ideas of what these legal consequences are more precisely. As of yet, the reason for this divide has not been fully clarified. This void tends to confuse jus cogens discourse on several issues such as the immunity of states and state officials in judicial proceedings originating in the violation of jus cogens norms, or the extradition of alleged perpetrators of international crimes, or again the non-applicability of amnesty laws concerning such crimes. It also impedes the justification of judicial and other legal decisions.

As this article argues, contrary to the general assumption, a lawyer’s conception of the legal consequences of jus cogens is not theory-neutral but dependent on his or her preferred understanding of the concept of law. The argument goes briefly as follows: (i) What causes international lawyers to disagree is the issue of whether or not jus cogens norms entail obligations concerned with their own enforcement; (ii) this is essentially an issue concerning the individuation of norms; (iii) depending on whether a lawyer takes the position of a legal positivist or a legal idealist, he or she uses different criteria for the individuation of jus cogens norms; and (iv) this is why, for legal idealists, jus cogens norms entail obligations concerned with their own enforcement, whereas for legal positivists they do not.
On the Characteristics of Sustained Attention Test	Performance
Authors: Blotenberg Iris , Schmidt-Atzert Lothar
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Most psychometric tests assessing sustained attention are characterized by a specific presentation mode: Many items are presented simultaneously and the test takers are required to constantly process and react to them until the testing time is up. The aim of the present study was to look into two mechanisms that potentially underlie performance in these tests: The ability to focus on the currently relevant item and the ability to preprocess upcoming items to prepare for upcoming actions. In order to assess both abilities, the d2-R test of sustained attention was modified and its stimulus arrangement (single, blocks vs. rows of stimuli) was manipulated. The measure of focusing was unreliable and unrelated to performance in standard sustained attention tests. However, the data indicated a strong preview benefit. That is, the test takers preprocessed upcoming items when they got a valid preview of them, which considerably enhanced performance. Moreover, interindividual differences in the preview benefit proved to be internally reliable as well as reliable in retest and were substantially related to performance in three conventional sustained attention tests. We conclude that preprocessing constitutes an important component of performance in sustained attention tests and most likely represents a stable cognitive ability rather than a strategy.
Gas chromatographic-ion mobility spectrometry combined with a multivariate analysis model exploring the characteristic changes of odor components during the processing of black sesame
Authors: Zhang Jiang-Shan , Zhang Zhen-Ling , Yan Meng-Zhen , Lin Xiu-Min , Chen Yi-Tian
Published: September 2020

GC-IMS combined with multivariate models can analyze the complex changes of volatile organic compounds during the processing of black sesame.
Phage-mediated double-nanobody sandwich immunoassay for detecting alpha fetal protein in human serum
Authors: Su Benchao , Wang Yidan , Pei Hua , Sun Zhichang , Cao Hongmei , Zhang Chenghui , Chen Qi , Liu Xing
Published: September 2020

A double-antibody sandwich ELISA using a nanobody/phage-displayed nanobody pair for sensitive detection of alpha fetal protein in human serum.
A sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate-mediated photocatalytic strategy for aerobic oxidation of alcohols
Authors: Zhu Xianjin , Liu Can , Liu Yong , Yang Haijun , Fu Hua
Published: September 2020

A sodium trifluoromethanesulfinate-mediated photocatalytic strategy for the aerobic oxidation of secondary and primary alcohols to ketones and carboxylic acids has been developed for the first time.
The study of bending properties of monolayer MoS2in non-collinear electrodes using first principles theory
Authors: Wu Gengshu , Lou Haijun , Liu Kai , Lin Xinnan
Published: September 2020

Theoretical maximum bending angle of non-collinear electrodes MoS2devices in both the equilibrium state and non-equilibrium state.
N-Derivatives of Shannon entropy density as response functions
Authors: Matrodi Abdolkarim , Noorizadeh Siamak
Published: September 2020

The exact first and second order partial derivatives of Shannon entropy density with respect to the number of electrons at constant external potential are introduced as new descriptors for prediction of the active sites of a molecule.
A mixed-valence diruthenium(ii,iii) complex endowed with high stability: from experimental evidence to theoretical interpretation
Authors: Barresi Elisabetta , Tolbatov Iogann , Pratesi Alessandro , Notarstefano Valentina , Baglini Emma , Daniele Simona , Taliani Sabrina , Re Nazzareno , Giorgini Elisabetta , Martini Claudia , Da Settimo Federico , Marzo Tiziano , La Mendola Diego
Published: September 2020

The lack of reactivity of the mixed-valence diruthenium(ii,iii) complex [Ru2(EB106)4Cl] is due to the properties of its coordinating ligand.
High pressure exploration in the Li–Ln–V–O system
Authors: Zadoya A. I. , Arévalo-López Á. M. , Sánchez-Benítez J. , Huvé M. , Blach J.-F. , Merkel S. , Hilairet N. , Chantel J. , Colmont M.
Published: September 2020

Anin situhigh pressure Raman spectroscopy study on AP-LiLa5O5(VO4)2allowed evidencing two new phases which were further stabilized using HP–HT synthesis.
Slow magnetic relaxation in a homo dinuclear Dy(iii) complex in a pentagonal bipyramidal geometry
Authors: Acharya Joydev , Ahmed Naushad , Flores Gonzalez Jessica , Kumar Pawan , Cador Olivier , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Pointillart Fabrice , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: September 2020

A homodinuclear complex of Dy(iii) has been synthesised and characterised. Magnetic analysis disclosed a field-induced slow magnetic relaxation of the complex.
Phenolic profile and potential beneficial effects of underutilized Brazilian native fruits on scavenging of ROS and RNS and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Soares Jackeline Cintra , Rosalen Pedro Luiz , Lazarini Josy Goldoni , Sardi Janaina de Cassia Orlandi , Massarioli Adna Prado , Nani Bruno Dias , Franchin Marcelo , de Alencar Severino Matias
Published: September 2020

Underutilized Brazilian native fruits contain functional compounds with significant scavenging of ROS and RNS and anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties.
An environmentally benign cascade reaction of chromone-3-carboxaldehydes with ethyl 2-(pyridine-2-yl)acetate derivatives for highly site-selective synthesis of quinolizines and quinolizinium salts in water
Authors: Chen Li , Huang Rong , Li Kun , Yun Xing-Han , Yang Chang-Long , Yan Sheng-Jiao
Published: September 2020

A protocol for the synthesis of quinolizines from ethyl 2-(pyridine-2-yl)acetates via an unprecedented cascade reaction in water was constructed.
Design and synthesis of substituted (1-(benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone conjugates: study on their apoptosis inducing ability and tubulin polymerization inhibition
Authors: Manasa Kesari Lakshmi , Thatikonda Sowjanya , Sigalapalli Dilep Kumar , Vuppaladadium Sowmya , Devi Ganthala Parimala , Godugu Chandraiah , Alvala Mallika , Nagesh Narayana , Babu Bathini Nagendra
Published: September 2020

Herein, we have designed and synthesized a library of substituted (1-(benzyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)(piperazin-1-yl)methanone derivatives (10aa–ef) and evaluated for their anti-proliferative potential against a panel of human cancer cell lines.
Detection and discrimination of volatile organic compounds by noble metal nanoparticle functionalized MoS2 coated biodegradable paper sensors
Authors: Bhardwaj Radha , Selamneni Venkatarao , Thakur Uttam Narendra , Sahatiya Parikshit , Hazra Arnab
Published: September 2020

In the current study, noble metal nanoparticle functionalized MoS2 coated biodegradable low-cost paper sensors were fabricated for the selective detection of low concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Direct measurement of strain-driven Kekulé distortion in graphene and its electronic properties
Authors: Eom Daejin , Koo Ja-Yong
Published: September 2020

Kekulé distortions in graphene are visualized to be driven by the local strains with distinct electronic structures.
Me-graphene: a graphene allotrope with near zero Poisson's ratio, sizeable band gap, and high carrier mobility
Authors: Zhuo Zhiwen , Wu Xiaojun , Yang Jinlong
Published: September 2020

The exploration of new two-dimensional (2D) allotropes of carbon has attracted great research attention after graphene, but experiment-feasible graphene allotropes with novel properties are still rare.
One-dimensional CdS@Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZnS-Ni(OH)2 nano-hybrids with epitaxial heterointerfaces and spatially separated photo-redox sites enabling highly-efficient visible-light-driven H2 evolution
Authors: Ruan Qinqin , Ma Xiaowei , Li Yanyan , Wu Jiakun , Wang Zhiyang , Geng Yanling , Wang Wenjing , Lin Haifeng , Wang Lei
Published: September 2020

Unique CdS@Cd0.5Zn0.5S@ZnS-Ni(OH)2 hybrid nanowires with epitaxial heterointerfaces and spatially separated photo-redox sites are efficient toward H2 evolution from visible-light-driven water-splitting.
An interlocked DNA cascade system for universal probe-based melting curve analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Ming Zhihao , Chen Na , Liu Liquan , Liao Yuheng , Xiao Xianjin , Wang Hongbo
Published: September 2020

This method can complete multiplexed detection by merely changing the bridge sequence, replacing the specific and expensive probe.
Enantioselective addition of thiols to trifluoromethyl ketimines: synthesis ofN,S-ketals
Authors: Wang Xiaonan , Gao Yuan , Wei Zhonglin , Cao Jungang , Liang Dapeng , Lin Yingjie , Duan Haifeng
Published: September 2020

Enantioselective addition of thiols to acyclic trifluoromethyl ketimines for the construction of trifluoromethylatedN,S-ketals was performed successfully using a bifunctional squaramide catalyst.
Under pressure: electrochemically-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl chloride
Authors: De Bon Francesco , Ribeiro Diana C. M. , Abreu Carlos M. R. , Rebelo Rafael A. C. , Isse Abdirisak A. , Serra Arménio C. , Gennaro Armando , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Coelho Jorge F. J.
Published: September 2020

Electrochemically mediated ATRP (eATRP) of vinyl chloride (VC), a less activated monomer, was successfully achieved. It is the first report on eATRP of a gaseous monomer under pressure.
Synthesis of novel polyethers with abundant reactive sites and diverse skeletons based on the ring-opening reaction of D–A cyclopropanes
Authors: Wu Shuai , Li Jun-Fang , Sun Xiu-Li , Wang Xiao-Yan , Tang Yong
Published: September 2020

Based on the ring-opening reaction of D–A cyclopropanes, a facile synthesis of novel polyethers is developed with molecular weights up to 17.7 kg mol−1.
Multiple reactivities of flavonoids towards pathological elements in Alzheimer's disease: structure–activity relationship
Authors: Nam Geewoo , Hong Mannkyu , Lee Juri , Lee Hyuck Jin , Ji Yonghwan , Kang Juhye , Baik Mu-Hyun , Lim Mi Hee
Published: September 2020

The structural features of flavonoids responsible for their versatile reactivities against four pathogenic elements of Alzheimer's disease were identified.
A NIR-I light-responsive superoxide radical generator with cancer cell membrane targeting ability for enhanced imaging-guided photodynamic therapy
Authors: Bu Yingcui , Xu Tianren , Zhu Xiaojiao , Zhang Jie , Wang Lianke , Yu Zhipeng , Yu Jianhua , Wang Aidong , Tian Yupeng , Zhou Hongping , Xie Yi
Published: September 2020

A NIR-I light initiated theranostic system based on photosensitizer EBD-1 with cancer cell membrane targeting ability, which can self-report cell viability.
Efficient production of lactic acid from biomass-derived carbohydrates under synergistic effects of indium and tin in In–Sn-Beta zeolites
Authors: Xia Meng , Dong Wenjie , Shen Zheng , Xiao Shaoze , Chen Wenbo , Gu Minyan , Zhang Yalei
Published: September 2020

In the catalytic transformation of biomass into valuable chemicals, it is extremely important to inhibit undesirable reactions to increase the yield of target products.
Effects of salts on the self-assembly behavior and antibacterial activity of a surfactant-like peptide
Authors: Chen Cuixia , Chen Jiaxi , Yu Qizhi , Zhang Jiangyu , Niu Xiaoya , Hao Liyun , Yang Liuxin , Zhao Yurong
Published: September 2020

Effects of salts on the antibacterial activity and self-assembled nanostructures of Ac-A9K-NH2.
All-inorganic and lead-free BiI3 thin film solar cells by iodization of BiSI thin films
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Shi Xinan , Wang Gang , Tong Junye , Pan Daocheng
Published: September 2020

An all-inorganic BiI3 thin film solar cell with a structure of ITO/V2O5/BiI3/ZnO/Ag is fabricated.
Effect of γ-irradiation on the structure and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide isolated from the fruiting bodies ofMorchella sextelata
Authors: Xiong Chuan , Li Ping , Luo Qiang , Yan Jinyan , Zhang Juan , Jin Xin , Huang Wenli
Published: September 2020

The molecular weight of the polysaccharide and the chemical groups it contains has an important influence on its biological activity, relatively low molecular weight polysaccharides may have better antioxidant activity. Polysaccharides isolated from the fruiting bodies of Morchella sextelata (MSP) were treated by γ-irradiation at 10, 100 and 1000 kGy doses, and the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of irradiated MSP were investigated. Microscopic observation under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that breakage and pores appeared on the surface of the irradiated polysaccharide. As the irradiation dose increased, the average molecular weight of MSP decreased significantly, while the particle size and thermal stability of MSP first increased at 10 and 100 kGy doses and then decreased at 1000 kGy doses. The antioxidant activities, measured by free radical scavenging tests and protective effect on PC12 cells injured by H2O2, were all increased after irradiation, especially when the concentration of MSP was low (50 and 100 μg/ml). Therefore, irradiation treatment was an effective method to enhance the activity of polysaccharides.
Alternative analysis method of lumped‐element circuit model for transmission lines
Authors: Ferreira D.B. , Nascimento D.C.
Published: September 2020

This Letter presents an alternative analysis method to derive the voltage–current transmission matrix of transmission line sections. By contrast with the approach usually adopted in many microwave engineering textbooks, the proposed method, instead of coping with the telegrapher's equations and their solutions, computes efficiently the relationship between the voltages and currents at the input and output of a circuit modelled through N identical cascaded two‐port reciprocal networks. This is implemented through the eigendecomposition of the transmission matrix of the two‐port networks which are subsequently synthesised with L ‐sections. Assuming N as being very large, one obtains the desired transmission matrix, and additionally, it is depicted that the circuit supports forward and backward waves.
Droop‐based consensus control scheme for economic dispatch in islanded microgrids
Authors: Zheng Shunwei , Liao Kai , Yang Jianwei , He Zhengyou
Published: September 2020

In this study, a droop‐based consensus control scheme (DCCS) is proposed to realise economic dispatch for islanded microgrids in a fully distributed manner. Different from the existing consensus‐based approaches, the proposed DCCS embeds droop control into the consensus algorithm, which utilises the neighbouring incremental cost information and P–f droop control to realise economic dispatch for islanded microgrids. The implementation of the proposed DCCS only needs local measurements and transmitting incremental cost information among neighbouring distributed generations (DGs) through a unidirectional ring communication network (URCN), which does not require any additional conditions (such as leader DG, power mismatch estimation, etc.). Besides, the URCN in the proposed DCCS can efficiently reduce the communication burden compared with the existing consensus‐based algorithms implemented in an undirected manner. Furthermore, the theoretical deduction is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DCCS. Several simulations show an excellent performance of the proposed DCCS against sudden load and source changes, and the ability to maintain the steady operation even with communication failure.
Low‐loss image‐based compression for synchrophasor measurements
Authors: Acharya Sowmya , DeMarco Christopher L.
Published: September 2020

Deployments of high‐sampling rate synchronised phasor measurement units (PMUs) are growing rapidly throughout the world, and with the advent of microPMUs, spreading from bulk transmission through distribution systems. The growing volume of PMU data presents challenges in its communication and storage, motivating consideration of compression algorithms. This study presents a novel lossy compression algorithm that exploits particular characteristics of power system measurements to improve the compression. Concepts successfully applied in image compression are tailored to the spatio‐temporal correlations induced between electrical quantities via their network interconnections. The quality of the resulting compression is judged on the balance of storage space savings versus the accuracy of data reconstruction. In representative real‐world and transient simulation datasets, the technique developed can provide storage compression in the range of 40:1 when different physical quantities are compressed together. The compression ratios can be in the range of 90:1 for voltage magnitudes and 190:1 for frequency when the measurements are compressed separately. The high‐compression ratios are achieved while maintaining low‐loss (high‐accuracy) reconstruction.
Coordinated virtual resistance and capacitance control scheme for accurate reactive power sharing and selective harmonic compensation in islanded microgrid
Authors: Pham Minh‐Duc , Lee Hong‐Hee
Published: September 2020

Line impedance mismatch and unregulated harmonic currents cause serious problems for an islanded microgrid, such as inaccurate reactive power sharing and voltage distortion at the point of common coupling (PCC). To overcome these issues, a coordinated virtual resistance and capacitance are introduced together with its control scheme for parallel distributed generation (DG) in an islanded microgrid. The proposed coordinated virtual impedance control scheme directly modifies the DG output impedance at the fundamental frequency to realise accurate current sharing among DG units. In addition, a variable harmonic impedance control loop is proposed for each DG to absorb the non‐linear load harmonic current. Thanks to the proposed control scheme, the PCC harmonic voltage distortion is successfully compensated and power‐sharing among DG units is accurately achieved. The stability of the microgrid system was analysed in detail to verify the feasibility of the coordinated virtual impedance control scheme. Experiments on a laboratory prototype microgrid are performed to validate the performance of the proposed control scheme.
Dynamic reactive power optimisation of UHVDC converter station considering coordination of synchronous condenser and system filtering requirements
Authors: Mo Jingshan , Yan Wei , Ren Zhouyang , Xiao Fan , Wang Tao
Published: September 2020

The reactive power compensation of large‐capacity synchronous condensers in a ultrahigh‐voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter station is not yet fully utilised, and there is no method for achieving effective coordination between synchronous condensers and DC systems. To realise their coordinated control of reactive power and voltage, a dynamic reactive power optimisation model that considers the coordination of synchronous condenser and filtering requirements of system is proposed in this study. The model considers the constraints of the variable steady reactive power capacity of synchronous condenser by taking into account its dynamic reserve demand, the minimum filter capacity of the system, and the switching sequence of AC filters and shunt capacitors. The model is solved by a two‐stage hybrid intelligent algorithm based on the interior point method and the differential evolution algorithm. Further, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the example of a UHVDC sending converter station in Northeast China. The simulation results show that the proposed model can greatly reduce the number of times discrete devices enter operation in a converter station under satisfying the dynamic reactive power reserve of the synchronous condenser, providing a basis for the coordinated optimal control of synchronous condensers and DC systems.
Planar hexagonal broadband near‐field antenna for UHF RFID application
Authors: Xing Zijian , Li Haotian , Wang Ling , Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Li Jianying , Wei Kun
Published: September 2020

In the design of ultra‐high‐frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) near‐field antennas, realising an antenna with electrically large size, wide frequency band, and far read range has always been a challenge. To solve these problems, a planar hexagonal broadband near‐field antenna for UHF RFID applications is proposed and investigated. The antenna structure is composed of six dipoles (resembles three sets of double‐arrow structures) that are printed on the top and bottom surfaces of an FR4 substrate, forming a dual‐layer (inner and outer layers) broken hexagonal loop. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth of the proposed antenna can reach up to 20.8% (856–1055 MHz), thus able to cover the entire European Telecommunication Standards Institute and Federal Communication Commission system operating bands. Since the current distribution along the loop is kept in a single direction and the length of each dipole is ∼1/2 wavelength (λ), strong and uniform z‐component magnetic field distribution with an 18 cm read range can be obtained in the near‐field zone of the antenna. As the proposed near‐field antenna has a planar size of 175 mm × 175 mm, it is suitable for multi‐system and wide‐range RFID applications.
Modelling and simulation of novel liquid‐infiltrated PCF biosensor in Terahertz frequencies
Authors: Suhaimi Nurul Awadah Nadiah Binti , Yakasai Izaddeen Kabir , Abas Emeroylariffion , Kaijage Shubi , Begum Feroza
Published: September 2020

The liquid‐infiltrated photonic crystal fibre (LI‐PCF) is proposed for guiding terahertz radiation. Geometrical asymmetry is achieved by introducing a large ellipse in the core. By filling the ellipse with liquid cocaine, the optical properties of the photonic crystal fibre (PCF) are theoretically examined using finite element method‐based COMSOL multiphysics software. At an operating frequency of 1 THz, the proposed LI‐PCF demonstrates a sensitivity of 87.02% and confinement loss in the order of 10−4 cm−1. The PCF also demonstrates extremely low effective material loss <0.01 cm−1, a birefringence of 0.018, large effective mode area of 1.11 × 105 µm2, a high numerical aperture of 0.45 and near‐zero ultra‐flattened chromatic dispersion of 1.4351 ± 0.5883 ps/THz/cm. The design simplicity and high sensitivity, strong confinement factor, low material losses and high birefringence of the fibre suggest that the proposed fibre may be convenient for PCF‐based cocaine sensing, for application in the security and defence industries.
Smart campus: a user case study in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Dong Zhao Yang , Yip Christine , Swift Sharon
Published: September 2020

Smart campus, as a high‐end form of a smart education system and a mini‐scopic version of a smart city, has received increasing research and attention globally. The existing smart campus concepts are mostly technology‐driven, which simply introduces interconnection from a technological perspective to serve its residents but not necessarily adhering to the needs and interests of stakeholders in such a community. To fill this gap, this study presents a human‐centred approach for smart campus design and development, where a user case survey study is undertaken in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools. The overall aim of the survey is to accurately and timely capture and understand the perspectives of school stakeholders on education applications in the context of the smart campus. The findings from survey analysis are presented, with insights and suggestions for future smart campus development provided. The findings in this study are also expected to result in a benchmark reference of the smart campus concept for international educational providers, government, and technology companies that will deliver smart solutions.
Modified threshold for cluster head selection in WSN using first and second order statistics
Authors: Panda Sefali , Behera Trupti Mayee , Samal Umesh Chandra , Mohapatra Sushanta Kumar
Published: September 2020

Wireless sensor network (WSN) comprises of numerous sensors deployed either directly or randomly in the region of interest. Due to the limited power of the sensors, these networks are energy‐constrained and thus need efficient power utilisation. Efficient clustering and cluster head (CH) selection ensures balanced energy distribution to the sensors within the WSN and hence prolong the network lifetime. This study proposes the method for evaluating the threshold for the CH selection after each round, which increases the network lifetime and throughput significantly. The threshold for CH selection is modified considering the normalised first‐order and second‐order statistical parameters, such as mean average low‐energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (AvgLEACH) and variance (VarLEACH) of the overall network energy. These methods have been formulated after studying the effect of the number of working nodes in each round on the threshold value selection. Apart from including energy parameter to the threshold equation, the methods of VarLEACH and AvgLEACH are augmented with a residual energy parameter that is local to the nodes and named as VarRLEACH and AvgRLEACH. The simulation results comparing all the methods suggest that the proposed method AvgRLEACH outperforms LEACH by a factor of 1.5 in delivering data to the base station and outlives the network driven by LEACH protocol by 30–40%.
Method of producing parboiled rice without steam by fluidized bed dryer
Authors: Mitsiri Asadayuth , Prachayawarakorn Somkiat , Devahastin Sakamon , Rordprapat Wathanyoo , Soponronnarit Somchart
Published: September 2020

A more simple methodology of producing parboiled rice is subject to be investigated in this work with proposed the method, the gelatinization of rice starch, commonly taking place at the steaming step in the traditional process, and drying are combined and replaced by a hot air fluidized bed dryer. A pilot-scale continuous fluidized bed, with a maximum capacity of 140-150 kg/h, has been designed, constructed and tested. Suphanburi 90 paddy variety with high amylose content was dipped into hot water at temperatures of 70, 80, 83°C for 4.0, 3.3, 3.2 h, respectively, to get the moisture content around 47-55% db and dried at 150-170°C using air speed of 3.5 m/s. The paddy bed depth within the dryer was 3 and 5 cm. In the dryer operation, the exhaust air was fully recycled and reheated again by 30 kW electrical heaters to the desired temperature. The experimental result has shown that parboiled rice with a different degree of starch gelatinization could be produced by this technique. The degree ranged between 80-100% as examined by differential scanning calorimeter. The exit moisture content was given in a range of 14-21% db, relying on the drying temperature and soaking time. The aforementioned exit moisture contents were not a detrimental effect on head rice yield although the tempering was not included. The head rice yield was given in the range of 59-66%, depending on the degree of starch gelatinization. The starch granules lost their original shape as revealed by scanning electron microscope.
Development of a biomass energy dryer assisted with solar energy for farmers in off-grid communities
Authors: Chuatrakool Wannarat , Achariyaviriya Siva , Achariyaviriya Aree , Moran James C.
Published: September 2020

The objectives of this research are to design and construct a biomass energy dryer assisted with solar energy for farmers in off-grid communities and to evaluate the performance of the dryer. The dryer consists of a boiler, drying chamber and solar panels. A compressed sponge was used as a drying product. The air temperature distribution and product moisture uniformity inside the drying chamber were measured. The apparatus was tested in three energy modes, solar energy mode, biomass energy mode and biomass/solar energy assisted mode. Drying using biomass/solar energy assisted mode gave a better drying performance compared to the other modes due to the uniform moisture content and air temperature. The average temperature difference between the top and bottom tray was less than 3°C. The average moisture content between the top and bottom tray was very close, less than 0.8% db. In addition, this drying mode can reduce product contamination from smoke ash and combustion.
Water-spray washing technique as a purification process in the production of biodiesel
Authors: Limmun Warunee , Sansiribhan Sansanee
Published: September 2020

In order to meet the standards set for biodiesel after biodiesel production via transesterification, a purification process is necessary. For the purification process, the wet washing method is mostly recommended because it is well-known for its easy application and high efficiency. However, this method requires a large volume of water and takes a long time. Consequently, this study focuses on designing a washing machine that reduces the amount of water used and shortens the application time for the washing method. The spray washing technique, a type of the wet washing method, was used for this study with a focus on the following parameters: the volume of water to crude biodiesel, flow rate, and time. All conditions investigated in the basic standards of biodiesel. The pH value, density, and velocity were considered as the criteria to select the optimum conditions for the washing machine. The results indicated that a volume ratio of 0.8:1 (water:crude biodiesel) and a flow rate of 4 L/min for 0.5 min was the optimum condition of the water washing machine for biodiesel purification that meets the international biodiesel specifications.
Analyzing impact of changing fuel-mix composition of Thailand power generation
Authors: Srichai Chanaipong , Bunditsakulchai Pongsun , Boonpramote Thitisak
Published: September 2020

The energy industry is considered one of the important sectors for national economic development—especially the electricity generation industry then Thailand has developed a power development plan as the nation roadmap to ensure power security and reliability of the electricity system. In this study, we focus on the electricity generation industry and examine the impacts resulting from the changing composition of power generation type compare between Thailand’s Power Development Plan year 2015 and the year 2018. The scenario case 1 assuming that the electricity generation is generated from 37% of Natural Gas, 23% of Coal, and 50% other. When the changing fuel proportion by increasing Gas-fired power plant to 53% and decrease Coal-fired power plant and other to 12%, 35% accordingly in scenario case 2. As a result, Power Development Plan year 2018 is increase more the total output of the Thai economy than the Plan year 2015 cause to significantly benefit of the economy.
Development of a pull-type onion (Allium cepa L.) sowing machine for seedbed
Authors: Austria Jessa , Gavino Romeo , Gavino Helen , Cinense Marvin
Published: September 2020

The conventional sowing method of onion seeds offers great wastage and laborious. This study aimed to develop a pull-type onion sowing machine for seedbed to optimize the sowing of seeds, reduce labor cost, yields better quality onion seedlings, and increases income of onion farmers. The machine was tested and evaluated, in comparison with manual sowing of onion seeds, in terms of seed delivery rate, effective field capacity, field efficiency, seeding efficiency and drawbar power. The cost of sowing seeds using the machine was also determined. Results indicated that machine’s delivery rate was significantly reduced to 5.33 g/m2 from 11.35 g/m2 This resulted to reduction in the quantity of seeds sown for a one-hectare onion production area by about 4-5 cams (1.6 to 2 kg). Machine’s field capacity (375.45 m2/h) was higher than of manual sowing (25.51 m2/h). Field efficiency at 86.94% is higher than 60% threshold given by PAES [3]. The seeding efficiency of 89.70% was statistically the same with three seeds per 25 mm hill spacing. The drawbar power was found out to be 0.15 5kW. The cost of the machine is $1,666.67 with a break-even quantity of 9,226.9 m2 or 138.11 cans of onion seeds in 0.62 years.
Participatory Design in the Development of Animated Comic on Website
Authors: Prasetyo Abdi , Rante Hestiasari , Susanto Dwi , Faizal Muhammad Aliv , Lund Michael
Published: September 2020

Participatory design is a method that involves stakeholders in each design process, from the beginning to the end of the process. This method focuses on the opinions expressed by the participants. This method refers to Scandinavian method of participatory design. This paper presents how to build an animated comic website that fits the needs of end user. The main participants are the 11th grade students of SMAN 3 Lamongan in East Java, Indonesia, and supported by the history teacher and an IT expert.