bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Clinical Study of Bladder Flap Ureteroplasty (Psoas Hitch) in the Treatment of Lower Ureteral Injuries and Strictures (19 Cases)
Authors: Tang Wei , Niu Huiqing , Yang Yunbo , Li Hui , Liu Haichao , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2022

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of bladder flap ureteroplasty (psoas hitch) in the treatment of lower ureteral injuries and strictures. Methods. 19 patients with lower ureteral injuries and strictures scheduled for a bladder flap ureteroplasty (psoas hitch) in our hospital from January 2020 to January 2021 were recruited. The outcome measures included treatment efficacy and safety. Results. The operative time, intraoperative bleeding, catheter extubation time, hospital stay, extubation time of ureteral stent, and follow-up time were (125.36 ± 15.38) min, (75.37 ± 11.09) ml, (7.25 ± 1.04) d, (8.76 ± 1.11) d, (46.34 ± 7.66) d, and(19.27 ± 1.27) months, respectively. No serious perioperative adverse reactions were observed, and all the symptoms of patients were relieved. Conclusion. Bladder flap ureteroplasty (psoas hitch) is safe and effective for the treatment of lower ureteral injuries, with advantages such as less intraoperative bleeding and trauma and rapid recovery, so it is worthy of promotion. This was a retrospective study supervised by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Yanda Hospital.This trial is registered with no. hebYD076.
Design and Implementation of Digital Twin-Assisted Simulation Method for Autonomous Vehicle in Car-Following Scenario
Authors: Xiong Huiyuan , Wang Zhijun , Wu Guohui , Pan Yuelong
Published: May 2022

The automated system replaces the driver, which makes autonomous vehicle to improve safety and convenience, so the market of autonomous vehicle is huge. However, the real-world application of autonomous vehicles faces many challenges due to the immaturity of automated systems. As a consequence, simulation verification plays an irreplaceable role in the application of autonomous vehicle (AV). Car-following is the most common driving scenario in mixed traffic flows, so it is essential to develop an appropriate and effective simulation method for AV. Combined with the existing AV simulation methods and digital twin (DT) technology, this paper proposes a DT-assisted method for AV simulation in a car-following scenario. The method makes the physical vehicle interact with the DT vehicle, and the DT vehicle can dynamically regulate the physical entities through real-time simulation data; the simulation verification can be displayed in the DT scenario to ensure the security of the simulation. Meanwhile, a DT-assisted simulation framework of AV is proposed, the framework includes physical entity components, DT components, and data processing and evaluation components. Besides, a DT-assisted simulation platform is developed base on Unity engine. Finally, the DT-assisted simulation of AV in the car-following scenario is implemented in field experiment. The experimental results show that the proposed method can be effectively conducted AV simulation in car-following, and the average of communication latency is 52.3 ms, which is smaller than the update frequency 15 Hz (66.6 ms) between DT-assisted platform and AV. The DT-assisted simulation method of AV proposed in this paper is applied in the car-following scenario, which effectively solves the challenges of car-following scenario simulation through virtual-real interaction.
Ocular Surface Microbial Flora and Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Peyman Alireza , Bazukar Mehdi , Narimani Tahmineh , Mirmohammadkhani Majid , Pourazizi Mohsen
Published: May 2022

Purpose. To assess the influence of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) on ocular surface microbial flora. Methods. A prospective study was conducted on patients who underwent PRK. The samples were taken from the inferior conjunctival fornix using a sterile swab, immediately before surgery, and then within three months following the PRK. The samples were tested using three culture mediums including blood agar, chocolate agar, and eosin methylene blue agar. Results. Thirty-five eyes of 35 patients including 19 females (54.3%) with a mean age of 24 ± 3.2 years were enrolled. The culture-positive rate was 15/35 eyes (42.9%) preoperative and 17/35 (48.6%) postoperative samples (

P
=
0.47

). The most common microorganisms isolated from preoperative samples were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) spp. in 14 (40%) samples, followed by Streptococcus spp. in 2 (5.7%), and Staphylococcus aureus in one (2.9%). Postoperative microorganisms isolated from conjunctival samples were CoNS spp. in 15 (42.9%), Streptococcus spp. in 3 (8.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus in one (2.9%), and Corynebacterium spp. in one (2.9%). Conclusion. This study indicated that there is not any remarkable difference in microorganisms isolated from conjunctival samples three months after PRK.
Assessment of Rotational Speed and Plunge Rate on Lap Shear Strength of FSSW Joints of AA7075/Mild Steel
Authors: Ramya G. , Pounrajan Subburam , Prasad D. V. S. S. S. V. , Soni Sanjay , Ravichandran P. , Kosanam Koushik , Gopala Gupta Amara S. A. L. G. , Dinesh P. M. , Kumar Leevesh , Shaik Bazani
Published: May 2022

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW) is an upgraded version of the friction stir welding process. This welding process can be used to replace permanent and temporary fastens such as bolts and nuts, screws, rivets, and welds. FSSW can be utilized to replace steel rivets in aircraft structure fabrication due to the elimination of time required to complete the joints and special tools. Moreover, the joining of dissimilar joints is very difficult due to the formation of different proportions of intermetallic compounds in the weld region. A lot of process parameters may influence the quality of the joints. This investigation analyzes the effect of speed of tool rotation and plunge rate of tensile shear fracture load of AA7075 mild steel dissimilar metal joints. From the observation, the joint fabricated with a speed of tool rotation of 1000 rpm and a plunge rate of 6 mm/min yielded a maximum shear fracture load of 9.86 kN. This weld strength enhancement may be linked to the formation of dynamic recrystallization and density distribution of strengthening precipitates.
Corporate Bond Pricing Model with Interaction between Liquidity and Credit Risk
Authors: Wu Zijian , Yang Baochen , Su Yunpeng
Published: May 2022

This study derives a liquidity and credit risk‐adjusted capital asset pricing model and investigates the model using the data set in China's corporate bond market. Our research shows that the channels through which liquidity risk affects corporate bond return are individual bond liquidity risk, the interaction between individual bond liquidity risk and market liquidity risk. The channels through which credit risk affects corporate bond return are individual bond credit risk, the interaction between individual bond credit risk and market credit risk. The main channel through which the interaction between liquidity risk and credit risk affects corporate bond return is the interaction between individual bond liquidity risk and market credit risk. The model reveals the impact mechanism of individual risk and market risk on bond return and explains why the interaction between liquidity risk and credit risk affects bond pricing.
[Retracted] Application of Tactics in Technical and Tactical Analysis of Table Tennis Mixed Doubles Based on Artificial Intelligence Graph Theory Model
Authors: Cao Yecheng , Peng Yan , Shen Zhaoxin , Chen Hui , Peng Bo , Xuanfei Yan
Published: May 2022

Objective. To construct the graph theory model and grey correlation model of table tennis mixed doubles technology and tactics so as to provide a new research method for the analysis of table tennis mixed doubles technology and tactics. The method of graphic theory and video observation is used to study the top tactical indicators of the game, and the method of graphic theory and video observation is used to analyze the tactical data of men and women, which has a certain contribution to the world level of table tennis. The grey correlation analysis can be better applied to the technical and tactical analysis of table tennis mixed doubles. The analysis of the contribution rate of men and women in eight rounds shows that there is little difference in the net average score between male and female athletes, and female athletes are slightly higher than male athletes. The net average score of the serving round is much higher than that of the receiving round, which shows that the serving round has certain advantages for the server, and the winner is often better able to grasp the opportunity of the serving round and get higher scores. Male athletes should strengthen physical training and adapt to a higher level of confrontation.
Inference on the Beta Type I Generalized Half Logistic Distribution under Right-Censored Observation with Application to COVID-19
Authors: Awodutire Phillip Oluwatobi , Nduka Ethelbert Chinaka , Ijomah Maxwell Azubike , Ilori Oluwatosin Ruth , Balogun Oluwafemi Samson
Published: May 2022

In real-life situations, censoring issues do arise due to the incompleteness of data. This article examined the inferences on right-censored beta type I generalized half logistic distribution. In this work, some statistical properties of the beta type I generalized half logistic distribution were derived. Furthermore, the beta type I generalized half logistic distribution was studied under a censoring situation in the presence and absence of covariates. Estimation of model parameters was conducted using the maximum likelihood estimation method. A simulation study was carried out to assess the performance of the parameters of the model in terms of efficiency and consistency. In a real-life application, the model was applied to COVID-19 data and the necessary inferences were drawn.
Application of the Finite Element Method Using Cohesive Elements to Model the Effect of Temperature, Rock Mechanical Properties, Fluid Injection Rate, and Fluid Properties on the Development of Hydraulic Fracture Height
Authors: Pham Son Tung , Nguyen Ba Ngoc Anh
Published: May 2022

Although hydraulic fracturing has been practiced all over the world, the research on how the fracture height develops in time and space still leaves some missing gaps. The fracture height has been considered in most cases equal to the pay zone thickness, and the influence of temperature in this process has been omitted. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to study the effect of temperature, rock mechanical properties, and fluid injection rate on the development of the fracture geometry, especially on the fracture height. A multiphysics model was implemented using cohesive elements in a finite element model generated with equations in fracture mechanics. Once the model was calibrated with experimental data, it was used to conduct sensitivity studies to reveal the influence of main contributed factors such as the properties of rocks and fluids used in hydraulic fracturing, the injection rate of fracturing liquid, and especially the influence of temperature because this last aspect was omitted in literature review from previous studies. The results indicated that the fracture height depended strongly on the rock properties, not only the rock in the pay zone but also the ones in the adjacent layers. Besides, the influence of the fluid injection rate on the fracturing height is so great that it overwhelms the influence of temperature and mechanical parameters. Moreover, the impact of the leak-off coefficient is much less remarkable than that of the fluid viscosity, which demonstrates why in reality it is important to control the viscosity to achieve desirable results. This study can be applied in real life problems to predict fracture’s geometry generated in well stimulations.
Hotspots and Cutting-Edge Visual Analysis of Digital Museum in China Using Data Mining Technology
Authors: Hou Yajing , Xu Lijun , Chen Lu
Published: May 2022

During the last several years, the building and development of digital museums has grown in importance as a study issue of increasing importance. On the other hand, systematic and extensive literature study on digital museums is rare in the academic community throughout the world. This paper employs data mining technology to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the total amount of academic literature, research hotspots, frontiers, and trends in the field of digital museums in China since the beginning of the twenty-first century, including both historical and contemporary data. In this research, the CNIK database and the CiteSpace program are utilized. The findings revealed that the quantity of published literature expanded significantly between 2000 and 2021, with some variations along the way, but that the general growth rate remained consistent. Colleges and universities are the driving force behind academic research in the field of digital museums; research institutes and big museums play a key part in the academic research that is being conducted by digital museums. Cooperation between research institutes, on the other hand, is severely lacking. Furthermore, the advancement of digital technology is an unavoidable byproduct of the efforts to transform the digital museum into a smart museum, as previously said. When it comes to digital museum development in the postepidemic period, the optimization and updating of a user-centered information service platform is the most important step toward long-term success. In order to maintain the richness of Chinese traditional culture while also meeting the expanding cultural requirements of the general public, China’s digital museum research has as its ultimate objective the construction of sustainable digital museums that are appropriate for the country’s national conditions. The findings also demonstrate that the construction of a Chinese Digital Museum is a study issue with distinct Chinese features that has the potential to contribute to the preservation of Chinese cultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. This research gives insights into the following aspects: researchers and practitioners from across the world will work together to promote a better knowledge of the building and growth of the digital museum in China, among other things.
The Database Construction of Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Zhao Haixing
Published: May 2022

At present, the protection of material cultural heritage is spread all over the world, but the protection of intangible cultural heritage is relatively backward. With the development of information technology, database technology provides a new retrieval method. Therefore, based on database technology, this paper constructs the database system of intangible cultural heritage, where MySQL is used as the system database, Struts 2 framework is selected in MVC to realize the separation of business logic and data display, and retrieval and query are realized through Lucene. In addition, the system takes Mongolian stringed instruments as the carrier, constructs the metadata framework, and forms the database structure. Moreover, the system is divided into six functional modules and the front and back functions of the system are managed. Finally, the system function test and performance test are carried out. The test results show that the system has good functionality, which is helpful to realize the effective protection of intangible cultural heritage.
Pitfalls in Genetic Testing for Consanguineous Pediatric Populations
Authors: Saleh Maha , Colaiacovo Samantha , Napier Melanie P. , Prasad Asuri N. , Rupar C. Anthony , Prasad Chitra
Published: May 2022

We describe the diagnostic odyssey of an eight-year-old female born to consanguineous parents. Our patient presented with global developmental delay, regression, microcephaly, spastic diplegia, and leukodystrophy confirmed on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She was found on whole exome sequencing (WES) to have dual genetic diagnoses. The first was a homozygous pathogenic HERC2 gene partial deletion of exons 43–45 that causes HERC2-related disorder. The second was a homozygous pathogenic variant (c.836 C > T, p.A279 V) in the SUMF1 gene responsible for multiple sulfatase deficiency. This case highlights some of the challenges in diagnosing consanguineous pediatric populations where standard genetic and metabolic testing may not provide answers. Our case further supports the recent American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommendation of WES as a first or second-tier test for patients with developmental delay, particularly in a population where the chances of dual diagnosis is high.
The Best Decision for E-Commerce Funds Transfer Based on Cloud Computing Technique
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Li Guangqin
Published: May 2022

Cloud computing offers an efficient, scalable, and flexible platform; through techniques and methods proven by it, many complex projects were successfully carried out. It provides consumers the opportunity to interact with previously unknown ease to measure sources and connections to IT-managed services. Online shopping has been considered as one of the commonly used channels for easy shopping in the Internet world and becomes a convenient way to search for products from various places and to make the operation quicker. The digital economy is powered by high-speed Internet connectivity launched by IT as a practical platform for interaction between online shopping and organizations. The platforms for e-commerce have led to extensive international access by local consumers to goods and services. E-commerce has improved productivity in enterprises and has added to the economies in the countries of the business industry. However, e-commerce security is the primary concern to protect details from electronic theft such as credit card or debit card fraud, retailer, or bank leakage of details while a card is not used for purchases online. In this paper, Cloud Computing-Based Multilevel Decision Support System (CCMDSS) has been proposed for secure fund transfer in the e-commerce platform. Furthermore, this study utilizes cryptography techniques and multiple networks to safeguard the security of information and decrease the systematic risks. The experimental results show that the proposed method enhances the efficiency and feasibility and secures the information while transferring the money. Compared with other models, Prediction Ratio validation has a significant improvement, and the error rate is greatly reduced, only 5.99%. Multiple data prove that the comprehensive performance of CCMDSS model ranks among the top among existing models.
Optimization and Prediction of Tribological Behaviour of Al‐Fe‐Si Alloy‐Based Nanograin‐Refined Composites Using Taguchi with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Balaji S. , Maniarasan P. , Alagarsamy S. V. , Alswieleh Abdullah M. , Mohanavel V. , Ravichandran M. , Jeon Byong-Hun , Allasi Haiter Lenin
Published: May 2022

Aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) are broadly used to change the monolithic materials in aviation, automotive, and defense industries owing to their superior characteristics such as specific strength with light weight, greater hardness, good wear resistance, and better thermal properties. This novel work was aimed at estimating the specific wear rate (SWR) of zirconium dioxide‐ (ZrO2‐) filled AA8011 (Al‐Fe‐Si alloy) matrix composites. A Taguchi method and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to find out the optimum range of control parameters on SWR of proposed composites. The stir casting technique was used to fabricate the composite specimens with varying proportions (5, 10, and 15 wt.%) of ZrO2 particle addition. The wear tests were performed as per L27 orthogonal design by using a pin‐on‐disk apparatus under dry conditions. For this test, four control parameters such as wt.% of ZrO2, load, disc velocity, and sliding distance each at three levels were selected. Based on the experimental results, 15 wt.% of ZrO2, 29.43 N of load, 0.94 m/s of disc velocity, and 1000 m of sliding distance provide the minimum SWR of the developed composite sample. ANOVA result revealed that the load (49.04%) was the primary dominant factor for affecting the SWR, followed by wt.% of ZrO2 content (29.24%), respectively. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was performed to study the wear mechanism of worn‐out surface of the composite test specimens.
[Retracted] Sentiment Analysis of International and Foreign Chinese‐Language Texts with Multilevel Features
Authors: Zhu Minxia
Published: May 2022

This paper takes the application of international Chinese to foreigners on the Internet as the research object. A variety of features are constructed according to the characteristics of international and foreign Chinese texts and networks. This paper selects three features: dictionary‐based sentiment value feature, expression feature, and improved semantic feature. A text sentiment classification model is formed by fusing multiple features. Compared with the traditional model and other single‐feature models on the self‐built dataset, the experimental results show that its sentiment classification ability has been effectively improved. The results show that the accuracy, recall, and F1 value of the fused multilevel feature MFCNN model are much higher than the accuracy, recall, and F1 value of other models. This also shows that the improved model of this method has a better effect of improving the accuracy.
A Comparison of Endoscopic Closure and Laparoscopic Repair for Gastric Wall Defection
Authors: Qiao Qiao , Tu Huiming , Fei Bojian , Xu Kebin , Yang Fan , Li Jie , Gao Qizhong
Published: May 2022

Objective. To compare the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic closure and laparoscopic repair for gastric wall defection. Method. The clinical data of 120 patients with submucosal tumours enrolled at our hospital between January 2014 and December 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgery they underwent: an endoscopic closure group (

n
=
60

) and a laparoscopic repair group (

n
=
60

). The clinical characteristics, perioperative complications, and postoperative follow-up results of the two groups were analysed. Results. The surgery time in the endoscopic closure group was

56.20
±
11.25

minutes, which was significantly lower compared with that in the laparoscopic repair group (

159.35
±
23.18

minutes;

P
<
0.001

). In addition, the postoperative stay in the endoscopic closure group was shorter than that in the laparoscopic repair group, and the intraoperative bleeding volume and incidence of enteral nutrition initiation after surgery were significantly lower. Medical expenses were also significantly lower in the endoscopic closure group than in the laparoscopic repair group (

P
<
0.001

). Only one patient developed a postoperative fever in the endoscopic closure group; three patients developed a postoperative fever and one patient had postoperative bleeding in the laparoscopic repair group. However, there were no statistical differences between the two groups regarding the incidence of R0 resection, postoperative fever, postoperative bleeding, and closure failure (all

P
>
0.05

). There were no local recurrences, distant metastases, or deaths in either of the groups during the two-year follow-up period. Conclusion. Non-laparoscopic-assisted surgery may be quicker, safer, and more effective for gastric wall defection.
The Vaginal Microbiome is Associated with Endometrial Cancer Grade and Histology
Authors: Hakimjavadi Hesamedin , George Sophia H. , Taub Michael , Dodds Leah V. , Sanchez-Covarrubias Alex P. , Huang Marilyn , Pearson J. Matt , Slomovitz Brian M. , Kobetz Erin N. , Gharaibeh Raad , Sowamber Ramlogan , Pinto Andre , Chamala Srikar , Schlumbrecht Matthew P.
Published: May 2022

The human microbiome has been strongly correlated with disease pathology and outcomes, yet remains relatively underexplored in patients with malignant endometrial disease. In this study, vaginal microbiome samples were prospectively collected at the time of hysterectomy from 61 racially and ethnically diverse patients from three disease conditions: (i) benign gynecologic disease (controls, n = 11), (ii) low-grade endometrial carcinoma (n = 30), and (iii) high-grade endometrial carcinoma (n = 20). Extracted DNA underwent shotgun metagenomics sequencing, and microbial α and β diversities were calculated. Hierarchical clustering was used to describe community state types (CST), which were then compared by microbial diversity and grade. Differential abundance was calculated, and machine learning utilized to assess the predictive value of bacterial abundance to distinguish grade and histology. Both α- and β-diversity were associated with patient tumor grade. Four vaginal CST were identified that associated with grade of disease. Different histologies also demonstrated variation in CST within tumor grades. Using supervised clustering algorithms, critical microbiome markers at the species level were used to build models that predicted benign versus carcinoma, high-grade carcinoma versus benign, and high-grade versus low-grade carcinoma with high accuracy. These results confirm that the vaginal microbiome segregates not just benign disease from endometrial cancer, but is predictive of histology and grade. Further characterization of these findings in large, prospective studies is needed to elucidate their potential clinical applications.

Significance:

The vaginal microbiome reliably segregates not just benign gynecologic condition from endometrial cancer, but also predicts cancer grade and histology. Patterns of microbial abundance and gene expression should be increasingly considered as a factor in the evolution of precision medicine approaches, especially as they relate to cancer screening, disease pathogenesis, and patient-centered outcomes.
From Dementia to Eumentia: A New Approach to Dementia Prevention
Authors: Hachinski Vladimir , Avan Abolfazl
Published: May 2022

Background: During the past 40 years, dementia prevention approaches have ranged from searching for a drug to prevent progression to Alzheimer’s disease to preventing dementia through multidomain lifestyle interventions. Current Approaches: The search for a silver bullet has yielded good science but no clinical results. The multi-model lifestyle intervention approach has shown encouraging results. The largest proportion of resources in prevention have been devoted to finding a drug to prevent, mitigate, or delay what is being called “Alzheimer’s disease of late onset.” The reality is that Alzheimer’s pathology is common among the elderly, but it seldom only occurs alone. The only treatable and preventable pathology currently is vascular. Hence arose the concept of “vascular cognitive impairment” meaning any vascular cause or risk factor associated with cognitive impairment. The majority of cases of cognitive impairment in the elderly have a vascular component that is treatable and preventable and identifiable by several means, including a simple ischemic score. Conclusion: Since environmental, socioeconomic, and individual risk factors contribute to dementia, we proposed a Comprehensive, Customized, Cost-effective APProach (the CCC-APP) implemented in actionable units with the focus on promoting brain health (eumentia). Key Messages: We should implement dementia prevention approaches in actionable units around optimal brain health or eumentia. Heart disease, stroke, and dementia share mostly the same risk and protective factors; thus, their joint prevention is desirable. We need a comprehensive, customized, and cost-effective approach to joint prevention of stroke, heart disease, and dementia. We call for literal and virtual meetings of researchers of all the relevant disciplines to work on operational definitions and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Controlling Nutritional Status Score Predicts In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Yıldırım Birdal , Karakaya Zeynep , Acar Ethem , Demir Ahmet , Gökçek Kemal , Gökçek Aysel , Doğan Volkan , Biteker Murat
Published: May 2022

Objective: The association between the nutritional status and outcomes in pulmonary embolism is unclear. This study was aimed at examining the value of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in assessing malnutrition among acute pulmonary embolism patients. Subject and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of adult patients with acute pulmonary embolism hospitalized through our ED. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data on admission were recorded. Nutritional status was assessed with the CONUT score, which is calculated by the albumin, total cholesterol, and lymphocyte counts. The primary endpoint of the study was in-hospital mortality. Results: A total of 308 consecutive patients (mean age 68.2 ± 12.9 years, 53.9% female) were included, and 35 of the patients (11.4%) died during their in-hospital course. Multivariate analysis showed that a pulmonary embolism severity index >148 (OR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.65–8.81, p < 0.001), the presence of heart failure (1.25, 95% CI: 1.08–1.78, p = 0.03), and a CONUT score >4 (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.146–3.424, p = 0.015) were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality. Conclusion: The present study indicates that the presence of malnutrition defined by the CONUT score predicts in-hospital mortality following acute pulmonary embolism.
Novel Injury Scoring Tool for Assessing Brain Injury following Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia in Mice
Authors: Ozaydin Burak , Bicki Ela , Taparli Onur E. , Sheikh Temour Z. , Schmidt Danielle K. , Yapici Sefer , Hackett Margarett B. , Karahan-Keles Nida , Eickhoff Jens C. , Corcoran Karson , Lagoa-Miguel Claudia , Guerrero Gonzalez Jose , Dean, III Douglas C. , Sousa Andre M.M. , Ferrazzano Peter A. , Levine Jon E. , Cengiz Pelin
Published: May 2022

The variability of severity in hypoxia-ischemia (HI)-induced brain injury among research subjects is a major challenge in developmental brain injury research. Our laboratory developed a novel injury scoring tool based on our gross pathological observations during hippocampal extraction. The hippocampi received scores of 0–6 with 0 being no injury and 6 being severe injury post-HI. The hippocampi exposed to sham surgery were grouped as having no injury. We have validated the injury scoring tool with T2-weighted MRI analysis of percent hippocampal/hemispheric tissue loss and cell survival/death markers after exposing the neonatal mice to Vannucci’s rodent model of neonatal HI. In addition, we have isolated hippocampal nuclei and quantified the percent good quality nuclei to provide an example of utilization of our novel injury scoring tool. Our novel injury scores correlated significantly with percent hippocampal and hemispheric tissue loss, cell survival/death markers, and percent good quality nuclei. Caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) have been implicated in different cell death pathways in response to neonatal HI. Another gene, sirtuin1 (SIRT1), has been demonstrated to have neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic properties. To assess the correlation between the severity of injury and genes involved in cell survival/death, we analyzed caspase-3, PARP1, and SIRT1 mRNA expressions in hippocampi 3 days post-HI and sham surgery, using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The ipsilateral (IL) hippocampal caspase-3 and SIRT1 mRNA expressions post-HI were significantly higher than sham IL hippocampi and positively correlated with the novel injury scores in both males and females. We detected a statistically significant sex difference in IL hippocampal caspase-3 mRNA expression with comparable injury scores between males and females with higher expression in females.
Toward Interspecies Art and Design: Prosthetic Habitat-Structures in Human-Owl Cultures
Authors: Parker Dan , Roudavski Stanislav , Isaac Bronwyn , Bradsworth Nick
Published: May 2022

Urbanization severely reduces opportunities for nonhuman habitation and undermines nonhuman subjectivities, aesthetic experiences, behaviors, traditions, and cultures. In response, humans need to reimagine cities as places for interspecies cohabitation. In this article, a team of architects and ecologists demonstrates that such reimagination depends on the cultural behaviors of multiple species. The authors illustrate the implications of this dependence by designing and discussing nesting structures for the powerful owl (Ninox strenua). The project shows that prosthetic habitats can serve as useful provocation for thinking about interspecies cultures. The authors use this work to propose productive avenues for further research.
The Golillas (Collars) in the Final Portraits of King Philip IV of Spain: A Case of Induced Diplopia by Diego Velázquez
Authors: Ramón-Laca Luis
Published: May 2022

The author makes a detailed examination of the outline of the golillas, or collars, that appear in the final portraits of King Philip IV of Spain by Diego Velázquez and relates their representation to the theories of binocular vision proposed by Leonardo da Vinci and François Aguillon.
OpenKinoAI: A Framework for Intelligent Cinematography and Editing of Live Performances
Authors: Ronfard Rémi , De Verdière Rémi Colin
Published: May 2022

OpenKinoAI is an open source framework for postproduction of ultra-high definition video, which makes it possible to emulate professional multiclip editing techniques for the case of single-camera recordings. OpenKinoAI includes tools for uploading raw video footage of live performances on a remote web server; detecting, tracking, and recognizing the performers in the original material; reframing the raw video into a large choice of cinematographic rushes; editing the rushes into movies; and annotating rushes and movies for documentation purposes. OpenKinoAI is made available to promote research in multiclip video editing of ultra-high definition video and to allow performing artists and companies to use this research for archiving, documenting, and sharing their work online in an innovative fashion.
Legal and Historical Elements of Latvia’s Restoration of Independence
Authors: Lazdiņš Jānis , Lerhis Ainārs , Pleps Jānis , Ziemele Ineta
Published: May 2022

Latvia claimed its continuity as a State after fifty years of unlawful occupation by the Soviet Union. International law contains several criteria for substantiating a claim for continuity of a State. Latvia attempted to ensure the continuity of the four elements of statehood and pre-occupation legal obligations both on the international and the national level.
Behind the Scenes: EU Accession Challenges
Authors: Kušners Edvards , Balode-Buraka Esmeralda
Published: May 2022

The enlargement of the European Union (EU) in 2004, or the “fifth” enlargement, when Latvia also became a member, involved quite possibly the most ambitious transformation of legal thinking, the legal system and public administration throughout the recent history of Europe. The formal framework of the enlargement consisted of relatively standard EU association agreements. However, the internal political and legal processes in the candidate countries, including Latvia, were not considered to be unequivocally stable. Swift and irrevocable progress in implementing EU law was therefore significant. The process was complicated by the fact that the presence and application of international agreements in Latvia was not particularly widespread at the time. The complicated legislative procedures, the small number of professionals permanently involved in this work and politicised debates also significantly slowed the process of law-making, whose aim, in turn, was to form the basis for the stable transformation of the Latvian legal system. This Chapter highlights the most important political and organisational challenges of the EU’s decade of integration (1995–2005) and their solutions, the individual challenges connected to transposition of EU legislation and, most significantly, the impact of integration on the transformation of legal thinking and case law in Latvia.
Kohnometopus yasunagai sp. nov., (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae) from Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: TASZAKOWSKI ARTUR , KIM JUNGGON , MASŁOWSKI ADRIAN , HERCZEK ALEKSANDER
Published: May 2022

A new species, Kohnometopus yasunagai sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Isometopinae, Gigantometopini), is described from Peninsular Malaysia. Habitus and SEM images of the holotype female and necessary morphological structures are presented. The structure of the female abdomen including the genitalia are also shown in detail. A key to all known Kohnometopus species is provided.
Physical and Environmental Barriers to Mobility and Participation in Children With Medical Complexity: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Black Laura , Shaunfield Sara , Labellarte Patricia H. , Gaebler-Spira Deborah , Foster Carolyn C.
Published: May 2022

This qualitative study evaluated barriers and facilitators to mobility in the homes of children with medical complexity (CMC) and the subsequent impact on CMC and their families. Eighteen caregivers of CMC were interviewed. Parents described that accessibility barriers impaired delivery of care at home and impacted the child’s participation in family life. The most inaccessible areas were stairs and bathrooms. Mobility and transfers became more difficult as children grew larger. Parents and children sustained injuries from performance of activities of daily living (ADLs). When available, durable medical equipment (DME) and home modifications improved home access and typically were funded using insurance and state Title V funds. However, parents reported that larger home modifications, such as bathroom modifications, were cost prohibitive. A pediatrician’s inquiry about mobility barriers may reveal crucial information about delivery of home care to CMC. CMC may be referred to rehabilitation specialists to address mobility needs.
Precarious multiplicity: France, ‘foreign fighters’ and the containment of difference
Authors: Mathieu Xavier
Published: May 2022

This article investigates the portrayal by French policy-makers of the so-called Islamic State ‘foreign fighters’. I provide an in-depth analysis of the discursive construction of these ‘foreign fighters’ as different and detached from the (French) Self. I do so through a questioning of the notion of multiplicity, revealing how it exists precariously and the consequences this precariousness has on the notion itself. First, multiplicity emerges in ‘strange’ places as identities are being remodelled through new combinations. Second, the coexistence implied by multiplicity needs to be complexified to account for the way it helps preserve but also sometimes erase difference (and thus multiplicity itself). Finally, because of the precariousness of multiplicity, unexpected outcomes can be produced by the encounter with difference (such as the policy of non-repatriation of the ‘foreign fighters’). Overall, multiplicity can be usefully questioned by looking at these instances of instability and doubt. As such, this article shares the concerns expressed by critical scholars that multiplicity recreates problematic distinctions between inside and outside. As a response, my analysis contributes to an understanding of multiplicity as always in the making, revealing how various discursive strategies are used to temporarily and imperfectly stabilise boundaries.
Evaluating Oregon’s Justice Reinvestment Act: An Interrupted Time-Series Regression of State-Level Outcomes
Authors: Dollar Christopher W. , Campbell Christopher M. , Labrecque Ryan M.
Published: May 2022

Many jurisdictions across the U.S. have adopted justice reinvestment initiatives (JRIs) as a strategy for reducing the use of incarceration and mitigating large correctional budgets. In spite of this widespread adoption, little empirical research has explored the impacts of justice reinvestment policies. In response, this study employed quasiexperimental, interrupted time-series regression analyses using a decade of monthly court and corrections data to assess if JRI legislation in Oregon was effective. Results show decreased prison usage and recidivism, as well as reveal delayed and significant trend changes for felony jail admissions and community corrections populations as a result of the JRI legislations. A course for future research to further advance understanding of reinvestment and resource reallocation is outlined.
Effects of Long-duration Microgravity and Gravitational Transitions on Fine Motor Skills
Authors: Holden Kritina , Greene Maya , Vincent Cross E. , Sándor Anikó , Thompson Shelby , Feiveson Alan , Munson Brandin
Published: May 2022

Objective

Assess the effects of long-duration microgravity and gravitational transitions on fine motor skills using a tablet-based test battery of four fine motor tasks: Pointing, Dragging, Shape Tracing, and Pinch-Rotate.

Background

While there have been some studies on fine motor skills in microgravity, few have measured the fine motor skills that are core components of interaction with computer-based devices, and none have measured performance systematically, to include preflight, inflight, and postflight space mission time periods.

Methods

Seven astronauts completed the Fine Motor Skills test battery 30–40 times before, during, and up to 30 days after standard duration International Space Station missions, while a matching set of seven ground-based control participants also completed the battery over a comparable period of time. Response time and accuracy were the primary outcome measures.

Results

Relative to controls, astronauts experienced fine motor skill decrements at gravitational transitions (first week on orbit, and first month post landing). No decrements were found inflight after the first week of adaptation.

Conclusion

Gravitational transitions appear to negatively impact fine motor skills needed to operate small controls with accuracy, such as those on touchscreen interfaces. This raises concerns for future long-duration crewmembers who will land on a planetary surface and need to perform critical tasks accurately, such as configuring spacesuits, powering up a habitat, or teleoperating rovers.

Application

Results from this study highlight the need for confirmatory research, and the possible need for countermeasure development. The Fine Motor Skills test battery may have application outside of NASA as a fine motor skills diagnostic screening, rehabilitation, or readiness-to-perform tool.
Objective Nontechnical Skills Measurement Using Sensor-based Behavior Metrics in Surgical Teams
Authors: Cha Jackie S. , Athanasiadis Dimitrios I. , Peng Yuhao , Wu David , Anton Nicholas E. , Stefanidis Dimitrios , Yu Denny
Published: May 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to identify objective measures that predict surgeon nontechnical skills (NTS) during surgery.

Background

NTS are cognitive and social skills that impact operative performance and patient outcomes. Current methods for NTS assessment in surgery rely on observation-based tools to rate intraoperative behavior. These tools are resource intensive (e.g., time for observation or manual labeling) to perform; therefore, more efficient approaches are needed.

Method

Thirty-four robotic-assisted surgeries were observed. Proximity sensors were placed on the surgical team and voice recorders were placed on the surgeon. Surgeon NTS was assessed by trained observers using the NonTechnical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) tool. NTS behavior metrics from the sensors included communication, speech, and proximity features. The metrics were used to develop mixed effect models to predict NOTSS score and in machine learning classifiers to distinguish between exemplar NTS scores (highest NOTSS score) and non-exemplar scores.

Results

NTS metrics were collected from 16 nurses, 12 assistants, 11 anesthesiologists, and four surgeons. Nineteen behavior features and overall NOTSS score were significantly correlated (12 communication features, two speech features, five proximity features). The random forest classifier achieved the highest accuracy of 70% (80% F1 score) to predict exemplar NTS score.

Conclusion

Sensor-based measures of communication, speech, and proximity can potentially predict NOTSS scores of surgeons during robotic-assisted surgery. These sensing-based approaches can be utilized for further reducing resource costs of NTS and team performance assessment in surgical environments.

Application

Sensor-based assessment of operative teams’ behaviors can lead to objective, real-time NTS measurement.
Recognition, social work and homelessness
Authors: Horsell Chris
Published: May 2022

This article explores the role of homeless voices in constructing knowledge about homelessness and the development of policy and service delivery responses to homeless people. Specifically, the article highlights the suggestive value position for social work encapsulated in Honneth’s concept of recognition as a framework from which to understand and incorporate homeless voices in the construction of knowledge about and policy responses to homelessness. While written with an Australian focus, the argument has implications for social work at an international level.
Fiber content measurement of hybrid carbon and glass fiber reinforced thermoset composites
Authors: Johnson Cody , Pillay Selvum , Ning Haibin
Published: May 2022

Hybrid carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforced thermoset composites are commonly used in structural applications throughout the energy, aerospace, automotive, and marine industries. The differing fiber types can be combined into a hybrid composite with the intent to efficiently utilize the beneficial properties of each type of reinforcement. The fiber fraction of each individual fiber type influences the mechanical properties of the overall composite. Measurement of the fiber fraction of each individual fiber type allows understanding and prediction of the mechanical properties as well as a method of quality control in manufacturing. A combination of a carbonization in nitrogen method for the measurement of fiber content in carbon fiber reinforced composites and an oxidation method to measure the glass fiber content are used for the first time. It has been demonstrated that the approach is effective at measuring the carbon fiber and glass fiber contents in hybrid glass and carbon fiber thermoset composites in both epoxy and vinyl ester resin systems.
High Stakes without the Stakes: Positioning Music Educators amid Teacher Evaluation Reforms
Authors: Shaw Ryan
Published: May 2022

Teacher-focused accountability started to ramp up in the United States in 2007–2010 as the focus of accountability shifted from schools to individual teachers. Since that time, there has been a remarkable amount of change to the way that teachers are evaluated, and music teachers have been placed squarely under the microscope of accountability. In this article, I focus on high-stakes teacher evaluation (HSTE), a collection of reforms that are among the most hot-button issues of the past ten years. I argue that despite the intentions of these reforms, they were mostly “high stakes” only on paper. However, HSTE reforms have been far from inconsequential, with numerous negative effects on teachers. I first review the origins and logic of the HSTE reforms and discuss how music teachers were considered in such policy conversations. I then demonstrate how the reforms were mostly characterized by bluster and incomplete/subverted implementation, and I attempt to explain the reasons for the sputtering of HSTE. Finally, I discuss the negative consequences of HSTE and offer recommendations for music teachers as they navigate teacher evaluation in the future.
Intracardiac baffle repair of complex completely unroofed coronary sinus with persistent left superior vena cava in an adult
Authors: Karunasumetta Chananya , Wongbhuddha Chawalit , Chanmayka Thiti
Published: May 2022

A 35-year-old woman presented with dyspnea on exertion. The diagnosis was unroofed coronary sinus with persistent left superior vena cava and atrial septal defect. She underwent total correction with the intracardiac baffle technique by using an interatrial flap and autologous pericardial patch. Her clinical course was uneventful and markedly improved after the surgery.