bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interim Steps on Quota and Governance Reform - Report of the Executive Board to the Board of Governors
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

In light of continuing delays in the implementation of the 2010 quota and governance reforms (hereafter the “2010 Reforms”), the Board of Governors, in February 2015, adopted Resolution No. 70-1, which (i) expressed its deep regret that the quota increases under the Fourteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fourteenth Review”) and the Proposed Amendment on the Reform of the Executive Board (hereafter the “Board Reform Amendment”) have not become effective, and that the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fifteenth Review”) has not been completed; (ii) emphasized the importance and urgency of the 2010 Reforms for the Fund’s credibility, legitimacy, and effectiveness, and reiterated its commitment to their earliest possible implementation; (iii) urged the remaining members who have not yet accepted the Fourteenth Review quota increases and the Board Reform Amendment to do so without further delay; (iv) called for the completion of the Fifteenth Review by December 15, 2015; and (v) called on the Executive Board to work expeditiously and to complete its work as soon as possible on interim steps in the key areas covered by the 2010 Reforms, pending their full implementation, and thus to enable the Board of Governors to reach agreement on steps that represent meaningful progress towards the objectives of the 2010 Reforms by June 30, 2015.
Reform of the Fund's Policy on Poverty Reduction Strategies in Fund Engagement with Low-Income Countries - Proposals
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Poverty reduction strategies (PRS) are central to Fund-supported economic and financial programs in low-income countries (LICs). The joint IMF-World Bank’s Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) Initiative introduced the PRS approach and established documentation requirements centered on the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). The PRS approach has also been a cornerstone for the Fund’s concessional financing, currently the Extended Credit Facility (ECF), and has been extended to the Policy Support Instruments (PSI), the non-financing instrument for LICs, with PRS documentation serving as the operational framework for development of strategies to promote growth and reduce poverty under Fund-supported programs.
List of IMF Member Countries with Delays in Completion of Article IV Consultations Over 18 Months or Mandatory Financial Stability Assessment Over 18 Months
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This Staff Report Lists IMF Member Countries with Delays in Completion of Article IV Consultations over 18 Months or Mandatory Financial Stability Assessment over 18 Months, prepared by IMF staff and completed on January 28, 2015.
Implementation Plan in Response to the Board-Endorsed Recommendations for the IEO Report “Behind the Scenes with Data at the IMF
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

This paper sets out Management’s response to the Independent Evaluation Office’s (IEO) report entitled Behind the Scenes with Data at the IMF: An IEO Evaluation.

The implementation plan proposes specific actions to address the recommendations of the IEO that were endorsed by the Board in its March 17, 2016 discussion of the IEO’s report, namely: (i) develop a long-term strategy for data and statistics at the Fund;
(ii) define and prioritize the Fund’s data needs and support data provision by member countries accordingly; (iii) reconsider the role and mandate of the Statistics Department; (iv) reexamine the staff’s structure of incentives in the area of data management;
(v) make clear the limits of IMF responsibility regarding the quality of disseminated data, and clarify the distinction between “IMF data” and “official data.”

The implementation of some of these proposed actions is already underway. The paper also explains how implementation will be monitored.
Financing for Development
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

PRGT-eligible members make considerable use of Fund concessional financing. Since 2010, 56 percent of Fund arrangements have involved a PRGT-facility.

This paper examines a number of issues raised by Executive Directors and the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) since the issuance to the Board of the June 2015 staff paper on enhancing the financial safety net for developing countries (IMF, 2015a).

This paper concludes that there is a need to clarify guidance in some areas pertaining to PRGT policies. This will be done through an early revision of the LIC Handbook, which is already underway. The paper does not propose changes to the Fund’s concessional facilities at this juncture. A comprehensive review of PRGT (Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust) resources and facilities is planned for 2018.
New Arrangements to Borrow - Proposed Renewal of and Modifications to the NAB Decision
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The Fund’s decision on the New Arrangements to Borrow (the “NAB”), as amended, (the “NAB Decision”) is subject to renewals not later than 12 months before the end of each NAB period, with the current period set to expire on November 16, 2017. The NAB Decision was last renewed for a five-year period in November 2012. Pursuant to paragraph 19(a) of the NAB Decision, the Executive Board is to take a decision on the renewal no later than twelve months before the end of the NAB Decision, i.e., by November 16, 2016.1 Once a decision on renewal is taken, the new NAB period would become effective on November 17, 2017. In renewing the NAB Decision, the Fund and NAB participants are to review the functioning of the NAB Decision and, in particular, the experience with the procedures for activation. Modifications of the NAB Decision could be made at the time of renewal.
Report of the Executive Board to the Board of Governors on Progress on the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

In February 2016, the Board of Governors adopted Resolution No. 71-2 on the Fifteenth General Review of Quotas (hereafter the “Fifteenth Review”), which (i) welcomed the entry into force of the Seventh Amendment on the Reform of the Executive Board, allowing the quota increases under the Fourteenth Review to become effective; (ii) urged the members who had not yet consented to their Fourteenth Review quota increases to do so without further delay and urged the members who had consented to their quota increases to make their quota payments in a timely manner; (iii) regretted that the Fifteenth Review had not been completed by December 15, 2015, as mandated by the Articles of Agreement and as requested in Board of Governors Resolution No. 70 1, and resolved to continue the Fifteenth Review under Article III, Section 2(a) and called on the Executive Board to work expeditiously on the Fifteenth Review in line with previous Executive Board understandings, and with the aim of completing the Fifteenth Review by the 2017 Annual Meetings; and (iv) requested that the Executive Board report to the Board of Governors on progress on the Fifteenth Review by the 2016 Annual Meetings and the 2017 Spring Meetings. This report responds to that request.
Update on the Mobilization of Loan Resources for PRGT Lending, Proposed Amendment to the PRGT Instrument, and Floor for the Six-Month Derived SDR Interest Rate
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

A Board-endorsed effort to raise SDR 11 billion in new Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) loan resources needed to sustain the Fund’s concessional lending operations is well underway. Staff is now engaging with 16 interested loan providers bilaterally with a view to having firm pledges in line with the target by the 2016 Annual Meetings and a critical mass of new loan agreements in place by end-2016. To date, committed new loan resources amount to half of the SDR 11 billion fundraising target.
Currency Amounts in the SDR Basket - Proposed Changes to the Rounding Methodology
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Currency amounts are used to determine the daily value of the SDR. Currency amounts are the number of units of each currency in the SDR basket. The value of the SDR (in U.S. dollars) is the sum of these amounts, valued at daily exchange rates of the currencies against the U.S. dollar. These currency amounts are determined on the last business day before the new SDR basket becomes effective (transition date) such that they correspond to the currency weights determined by the IMF Executive Board in the context of the SDR Review, and remain fixed over the SDR valuation period. To facilitate SDR users in adjusting their portfolios to the new basket, the IMF publishes illustrative currency amounts in the lead up to the transition date.
Assessing Fiscal Space - An Initial Consistent Set of Considerations
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Fiscal space is a multi-dimensional concept reflecting whether a government can raise spending or lower taxes without endangering market access and debt sustainability. Making such a determination requires a comprehensive approach considering, among other things, initial economic and structural conditions, market access, the level and trajectory of public debt, present and future financing needs, and dynamic analysis of the liquidity and solvency of the fiscal position under alternative policies. Balancing these considerations involves careful analysis and judgment.

Fund staff has over the years developed a variety of indicators to inform assessments of fiscal space in bilateral and multilateral surveillance. The Fund’s core operational framework for such analysis is the debt sustainability framework, which includes a number of indicators, while allowing room for staff judgment. Surveillance also relies importantly on indicators developed by the Fiscal Affairs Department (FAD)––including those that have been used in the internal Vulnerability Exercise and Fiscal Monitors––while more recent methods based on fiscal stress tests and probabilistic approaches proposed in IMF (2016) are also promising. In addition, teams have used scenario analysis and general equilibrium modeling approaches to evaluate fiscal policy choices and their implications for sustainability. When applied to fiscal space, each indicator and approach has pros and cons and none covers all the relevant factors. Ultimately, therefore, assessing fiscal space requires judgment, informed by a broad range of tools.

This note seeks to bring together various approaches developed by Fund staff to outline a consistent set of considerations and indicators to help inform assessments of fiscal space, especially for advanced and emerging markets. The intent is to facilitate continued consistency between country team assessments by providing some common considerations and approaches to inform their judgment. The proposed framework will support Fund surveillance and policy advice going forward, informing discussions of the appropriate fiscal stance at all stages of the economic cycle.
Statement by the Managing Director on the Work Program of the Executive Board - Executive Board Meeting - June 8, 2016
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

The Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda (GPA) presented to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) in April called on member countries to reinforce their commitment to strong, sustainable, inclusive, job-rich, and more balanced global growth and to employ a three-pronged approach with monetary, fiscal, and structural actions (Figure 1). The global economy has been impaired by growth that has been too slow for too long, but it can get back on a stronger and safer track with a more forceful and balanced policy mix. Building on the approach of being agile, integrated, and member-focused, the GPA outlined how the Fund would support members in crafting a better policy mix toward durable global growth. The Fund would assist by clarifying the contours of available policy space, providing more tailored financial support and capacity development, and continuing to address new challenges.
Review of Access Limits and Surcharge Policies
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

Scope and strategy: This paper reviews access limits and surcharge policies in the Fund’s General Resources Account (GRA). It builds on the preliminary Executive Board discussion that took place in May 2014, against the backdrop of the 14th Review quotas expected to become effective early in 2016, which will on average double individual members’ quotas. At the meeting in 2014, most Directors considered that a moderate increase in normal access limits in SDR terms would broadly restore the normal Fund access to levels considered acceptable in 2009, and saw merit in adjusting the surcharge threshold to allow for a moderate increase in the SDR value of credit not subject to the charge.
Joint Responsibility Shared Rewards
Authors:   International Monetary Fund
Published: August 2019

International cooperation, economic and financial integration, and technological progress have delivered enormous benefits across the globe during the past decades. Yet, in many countries, these benefits have not been shared adequately to prevent eroding trust in institutions and weakening support for the global system that has made these gains possible.
Irkutsk Incoherent Scatter Radar: history, present and future
Authors: Medvedev Andrey V. , Potekhin Alexander P.
Published: August 2019

Abstract. The article focuses on the history of ionospheric
research using the incoherent scatter method at the Institute of
Solar-Terrestrial Physics and development of the only incoherent scatter
radar in Russia, which is located near Irkutsk. It describes the radar
features and the current situation of research at the Irkutsk Incoherent
Scatter Radar (IISR). Operating modes and types of measurements of the radar are specified. There
is a brief description of the original measurement techniques that were
developed considering the IISR features such as the frequency principle of
scanning and receiving of one linear polarization of a scattered signal. The
main feature of the IISR is the possibility of obtaining absolute values of the
ionospheric plasma electron density. The automatic method for constructing
the electron density vertical profile is based on registration of vertical
profiles of a rotation phase of the polarization plane of a scattered signal. The
method does not require calibration with additional facilities.
Enhancing Connectedness and Intrinsic Motivation to Learn for Online Learners: Introducing the S3 Model
Authors: Hanshaw George O , Helm-Stevens Roxanne , Lopez Breanna
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the current research was to discern the most effective strategies to implement into a student-centered online course. Related and implemented components that coincide within this framework were student connection and student motivation. The research was conducted using a mixed methods study that specifically studied the symbiotic relationship of both quantitative and qualitative exploration when seeking to improve the online environment. Researchers also utilized their originally developed model, “The S3 Cycle: The Three Strategies to Increase Student-centered Learning” to differentiate the most effective methods when designing and applying a meaningful and valuable student-centered learning environment for online students. A greater sense of connectedness and intrinsic motivation to learn are felt by students after they have participated in a student-centered online course which was designed and developed with specific student-centered learning strategies and technology tools.
Communication Media Policy and Regulation: Implications for Mainstreaming e-Learning in Nigeria
Authors: Osunwusi Adeyinka Olumuyiwa
Published: August 2019

Issues bordering upon the imperativeness of communication media policy and regulation are, perhaps, no longer open to debate.  Although media and communication governance remains a largely national prerogative, principles, policies and regulations – albeit essentially normative in nature – exist for the administration and regulation of media and communication at inter-governmental and global levels, consequent upon the progressive evolution of new digital technologies, the increasing universality of media access, the paradigm shift towards communication system interoperability and automation, the stride towards virtualization, and the emerging trends in the digitalization of knowledge. This body of policies, principles and regulations expectedly has a bearing on communication media applications, services, and tools.  Emerging trends in training, development and the teaching-learning processes globally reveal a frenzied shift towards the application of digital technologies to facilitate the effectiveness, efficiency, and liberalization of learning. This paper undertakes an overview of international media policy and regulatory framework within the context of national media and communication policy frameworks. It analyses a number of existing and emerging issues in media and communication regulation and examines the implications of these issues on the digitalization of knowledge on one hand and the stride toward mainstreaming e-learning within the context of the Nigerian educational realm on the other hand. Recommendations were also advanced for the mainstreaming of e-learning in Nigeria against the backdrop of national and international media and communication governance frameworks.
Price Fluctuations of Rice Crop in District Sheikhupura
Authors: Qamar Wardah , Younas Muhammad , Waseem Muhammad
Published: August 2019

This research was done to explore the trends by using variables basmati prices, area in which rice were sown, coarse varieties area, coarse varieties’ area and coarse varieties prices respectively to estimate the yield and productivity of basmati rice. According to the results of three models it was estimated that the price of basmati prices had a positive and significant effect on yield. The probability value showed the positive and significant effect on yield. Similarly, the area in which basmati sown had both significant and insignificant effect; the probability value of area sown in second models suggested the insignificant effect on yield. Another variable coarse variety area had a positive and significant effect on yield on all the three models that means this variable positively and significantly affecting the yield of basmati over the selected time. The variable of coarse varieties prices also had significant and insignificant effect, according to the probability value of this variable in third model the effect is positive but insignificant but other remaining two models are positive and significant. The last variable used i.e. coarse varieties prices had also positive and significant effect in all the three models, so it was estimated that this variable is positively affecting the yield of basmati rice. The Durbin Watson results showed that in first two models there is no autocorrelation because the value is in between 1.7 to 2.3 but in third model the value of Durbin Watson is not in the limit so it had autocorrelation among variables.
Efficacy of Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia Leaf Extracts in Management of Root-Knot Nematodes in French Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Njenga Joshua K. , Gathungu Geofrey K. , Mbaka Jesca N.
Published: August 2019

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a major problem in French bean production within the smallholder farming systems. Control of root-knot using synthetic nematicides is not viable due to environmental concerns relating to their toxic residues. There is need to develop alternative control options that will promote soil health and reduce parasitic nematode densities. A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Tephrosia (Tephrosia purpurea) leaf extracts in management of root-knot. Controlled lath house and field trials were conducted where the treatments were extracts from Neem, Tithonia and Tephrosia at different concentration levels of 25 ml/L, 50 ml/L and 100 ml/L). Vydate (Oxamyl 10%) a synthetic nematicide served as a standard positive control while treatments with no extracts application and no nematode application served as negative controls. The treatments in the lath house were arranged in completely randomized design while the field trials were arranged in randomized complete block design. Fench beans were planted on nematode infested soils and data on root galling indices and yield components was collected. Data collected was subjected to analysis of variance and significantly different means separated using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test at P=0.05. The extracts evaluated reduced root galling with their efficacy being similar to that of Vydate® (Oxamyl 10%) which was used as a positive control. Neem extracts treatments had the lowest mean galling index of the extracts, followed by Tithonia. Root-knot nematode galling indices were highest in the untreated control at 10 both in trial I and trial II. Treatment trials from Neem and Tithonia at concentration levels of 100 ml/L resulted in highest yield of French beans while yield from the untreated plants were the lowest. The results indicate extracts can be adopted to suppress root-knot nematodes.
Multiple Cervical Vertebral Malformations in a 21-Week-Old Kitten
Authors: Dean Barnaby Luke , Smith Caroline , Liebel Francois-Xavier , Warren-Smith Christopher
Published: August 2019

A 21 wk old, 2 kg neutered male domestic shorthair presented with a 24 hr history of acute-onset severe nonambulatory tetraparesis with no known inciting cause. Neurologic examination revealed a C1–C5 myelopathy. Computed tomography of the vertebral column and thorax revealed incomplete ossification of the C2 and C3 vertebrae and lung bullae. After 4 wk of conservative management, the client reported a return to normal ambulation with reluctance to jump up. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of a feline case of incomplete ossification of cervical vertebrae. The cervical malformations outlined in this report are differentials to consider in cases of acute-onset tetraparesis in cats.
Use of Toceranib Phosphate in the Treatment of Canine Bladder Tumors: 37 Cases
Authors: Gustafson Tanya Lynn , Biller Barbara
Published: August 2019

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is a locally aggressive tumor in dogs with low-to-moderate responses to traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Toceranib (TOC) phosphate represents a novel agent for the treatment of canine TCC. Thirty-seven dogs were identified who had received TOC for bladder tumor treatment. The TOC was generally well tolerated, although 56% of dogs had progression of azotemia while receiving TOC. A partial response to TOC was observed in 6.7% of dogs, and 80% of dogs had stable disease for a median duration of 128.5 days. Median time to progression was 96 days, and median survival time after the start of TOC was 149 days. There were no significant variables influencing time to progression or survival time in this group of dogs. This retrospective study suggests that TOC may be useful for the treatment of TCC. However, careful monitoring of renal function is recommended in patients with bladder tumors receiving TOC.
Successful Management of Severe Bromethalin Toxicosis in a Dog
Authors: Lyons Bridget M. , Poppenga Robert H. , Thawley Vincent J. , Waddell Lori S.
Published: August 2019

The use of bromethalin rodenticides has risen since 2011, and in some states, it is the most common rodenticide ingestion reported to poison control. Although intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has been previously reported to lower serum desmethylbromethalin levels in an asymptomatic dog, and repeated mannitol has been investigated in a laboratory setting, there are no published reports of successful treatment of symptomatic bromethalin toxicosis in dogs. A 9 yr old castrated male Norwich terrier was evaluated for obtunded mentation, seizures, cranial nerve deficits, and tetraparesis secondary to bromethalin toxicosis. The patient was treated with ILE, mannitol, and ginkgo biloba and returned to normal neurological function. Bromethalin exposure was confirmed by serum desmethylbromethalin levels. Previous literature indicates that the prognosis for patients who suffer from symptomatic bromethalin toxicosis is poor to grave, and the return to normal neurological function after severe toxicosis has not been reported. ILE, mannitol, and ginkgo biloba are readily available and relatively inexpensive, and in combination may be of benefit in symptomatic bromethalin intoxication.
Usos de la evaluación de los aprendizajes por docentes de escuelas públicas de Sonsonate
Authors: Ventura Saúl Ángel
Published: August 2019

El éxito o fracaso de los cambios en educación depende en gran medida de la forma en que los diferentes participantes interpretan los cambios que se les proponen. Es por eso que este estudio caracteriza las concepciones que poseen los docentes de dos centros escolares del departamento de Sonsonate en el uso que dan a la información generada por la evaluación de los aprendizajes, dado el papel clave que juegan los docentes en el éxito o el fracaso de los estudiantes. La metodología utilizada es de tipo descriptiva fenomenológica. El estudio se realizó en dos centros educativos de Sonsonate, el C.E Lotificación San Antonio del Municipio de Sonsonate y C.E Cantón El Zapote del municipio de Caluco, seleccionados el primero por ser parte del sistema integrado de Hacienda Santa Clara y haber sido apoyado por una asistencia técnica mediante implementadora externa y el segundo por tener asistencia técnica a través de los equipos técnicos locales. Los participantes fueron los docentes, directoras, estudiantes de segundo ciclo, estudiantes que abandonaron el centro educativo y los padres de familia de los estudiantes de segundo ciclo. Dentro de los principales hallazgos encontrados se ha encontrado un cambio en las tendencias a utilizar la evaluación únicamente para adjudicar calificaciones al final de un periodo didáctico y como instrumento de poder hacia los estudiantes, sino más como instrumento de apoyo a los aprendizajes.
El aporte de la educación y la capacitación para el trabajo en la industrialización de Antioquia- Colombia
Authors: Monterroza Ríos Albenis María
Published: August 2019

El proceso industrial colombiano, inmerso en el modelo de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones -ISI-, ocurrido entre 1945 y 1980, provocó e incentivó cambios socio técnicos en el país, especialmente, en zonas de alta industrialización como el departamento de Antioquia y el área circundante de su capital -Medellín, Bello, Envigado, Itagüí-. Estos cambios se dieron a nivel educativo, social, económico, urbanístico, cultural y territorial, entre otros. El presente artículo pretende establecer cuál fue el aporte en el campo de la educación al proceso industrial, desde la capacitación para el trabajo que estimuló cambios socioculturales con la apertura de nuevos centros educativos que formaron a los empresarios, ingenieros, obreros y toda la mano de obra necesaria para asumir los retos del proceso industrial en esta época.
AVALIAÇÃO ELETROCARDIOGRÁFICA EM ANTAS (Tapirus terrestris)
Authors: Santos Fabio Guilherme , Garcia Leticia , Cubas Zalmir Silvino , Cabañas Marcela A. , Mangini Paulo Rogerio , Moreira Nei
Published: August 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho foi estabelecer parâmetros eletrocardiográficos para a anta (T. terrestris), servindo como referência normal para a espécie. Foram utilizados machos adultos de anta brasileira (n=11), com peso entre 160 a 220 kg e idade entre 3 a 28 anos. Os animais estavam alojados em cativeiro na Itaipu Binacional (Brasil e Paraguai). Os resultados estão expressos na forma de média ± desvio padrão. Os parâmetros obtidos em DII (derivação II) foram a frequência cardíaca (FC) = 63 ± 22 bpm, ritmo cardíaco (sinusal), eixo elétrico médio (EEM) = 70,00º ± 81,22º; duração de P = 0,05 ± 0,02 s; amplitude de P = 0,16 ± 0,07mV, duração de QRS = 0,08 ± 0,02 s; amplitude de R = 0,74 ± 0,41 mV; duração do intervalo PR = 0,19 ± 0,06 s e duração de QT = 0,40 ± 0,14 s. Na observação de dados publicados em evento cientifico, com exceção da amplitude de P (2,3 vezes maior no presente estudo), todas as outras variáveis estão próximas para a mesma espécie. Verificou-se que a FC das antas sob efeito dos anestésicos utilizados (cetamina 10%; detomidina 1%; butorfanol 1%; com adição de atropina na presença de secreção respiratória abundante) é 1,5 vezes maior que a FC média de equinos adultos não anestesiados em repouso. No intervalo PR, duração de P e amplitude de R observou-se que equinos têm valores duas a quatro vezes maiores que os das antas. A duração de QRS em antas chega a pouco menos que duas vezes menor, quando comparada com a de equinos. A FC maior pode estar relacionada a um provável maior metabolismo das antas, considerando que são animais com menor massa corporal do que os equinos. O menor intervalo PR das antas também pode ser atribuído a este fato. A menor duração de P e de QRS e da amplitude de R pode estar relacionada com o menor tamanho do coração das antas.
A comunidade caiçara da Enseada da Baleia e a sua luta pelo território - Cananéia (SP)
Authors: Yamaoka Juliana Greco , Cardoso Tatiana Mendonça , Denardin Valdir Frigo , Alves Alan Ripoll
Published: August 2019

Os povos e as comunidades tradicionais têm profunda relação com seu território no que tange à manutenção de sua organização social, política e cultural. Muitas são as ameaças que se impõem a eles, as quais vão das diversas formas hegemônicas de desenvolvimento aos desafios vivenciados a partir de questões ambientais. No caso dos caiçaras presentes na Mata Atlântica, não é diferente. Para tanto, buscou-se o estudo de caso da comunidade caiçara da Enseada da Baleia, que resistiu para permanecer na Ilha do Cardoso, em Cananéia-SP, mesmo após um processo erosivo que inviabilizou sua presença no local. Este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar o papel das mulheres no processo de resistência para a permanência no Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso. Para isso, foram realizados grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas com as famílias da Enseada e parte de seus parceiros, além de pesquisas em fontes bibliográficas e documentais. Como resultado constatou-se que as principais vias de resistência que proporcionaram a permanência na Ilha do Cardoso ocorreram a partir do Grupo de Mulheres Artesãs da Enseada da Baleia (MAE), que influenciou a organização de algumas atividades socioprodutivas e a sua continuidade no local. Casos como estes, que poderiam se tornar invisibilizados pela sua dimensão e proposta, podem ser apresentados como alternativas para a compreensão de um pluriverso, conceito que defende um mundo onde coexistam várias formas de mundo, simultaneamente.
A Causal Model to Compare the Extent of Undergraduates’- Postgraduates’ Impact on Unemployment in Uganda
Authors: Kakooza Victoria , Wamala Robert , Wokadala James , Bwire Thomas
Published: August 2019

The combination of technological unemployment and oversupply of graduates has increased competition in the labour markets. Postgraduates have been noted to hold more than one job and in some cases apply for jobs meant for undergraduates. Could this imply that post graduates have created more overall unemployment than undergraduates have, in the Ugandan labour market? This is the novel of this study. This was accomplished by a statistical model that comparatively analysed the bi-causal effect of postgraduates on unemployment; versus effect of undergraduates on unemployment. As such, the study utilised Uganda’s secondary data from 1991 to 2017, and employed the Vector Error Correction (VECM) model. The results of the study showed the existence of a long run impact of both the postgraduates and undergraduates on overall unemployment, but an insignificant impact in the short run. The postgraduates had a greater impact on unemployment in the long run, than the undergraduates.  The study therefore reveals an affirmative answer to the aforementioned question.
Retrospective Reports of Parental Socialization of Physical Pain During Childhood Predicting Emerging Adults’ Current Coping With Pain
Authors: DiNuoscio Julie , Raval Vaishali V. , Walker Bethany L.
Published: August 2019

Although a bulk of the literature has examined the methods by which people cope with physical pain, little attention has been devoted to how people learn to respond to pain. The current study examined the relation between college students’ reports of parental socialization of pain during childhood and their current coping with pain. One hundred twenty-four (65.3% female) college students reported on two methods of parental socialization they experienced during childhood: a) their mothers’ direct responses to their physical pain and b) mothers’ modeling of how they coped with their own pain. College students also reported on their own current coping strategies regarding physical pain. Results indicated that retrospective reports of mothers’ active coping with their own pain and mothers’ promotion responses to their child’s pain during childhood significantly positively predicted college students’ current active coping. These findings suggest the relevance of both methods of pain socialization (parental modeling and parents’ direct responses) for college-age children’s current coping with pain.
The Reality of Modes in Spinoza’s Philosophy
Authors: Whitman Norman ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2019

In the history of philosophy, two standard critiques of the reality of modes in Spinoza’s philosophy come from Pierre Bayle and Georg Wilhelm Hegel. Both philosophers in some way assume that attributes and relations among modes constitute a shared reality in which modes participate. As a result, they assert that Spinoza’s monism leads either to an over-identification of God with contingent modes or to a limited God. In this paper, I will show how attributes and relations among modes in Spinoza’s work simply explain an active modal reality; modes do not depend upon or participate in ideal relations and attributes for their existence. The result is that in Spinoza’s philosophy attributes must be seen as unreal and modal reality must be understood as primary.
Reply to Panelists
Authors: Loke Andrew ,   Evangelical Philosophical Society
Published: August 2019

I explain why my model of the Incarnation avoids the problems with alternative models and reply to objections concerning my model’s coherence with scripture (for example, Heb. 4:15), the understanding of personhood and natures (using resources from Islamic tradition concerning Jesus’s human nature), the concrete–abstract distinction, the human soul of Christ, the lack of the unconscious in Christ, and the incompatibility with a strong sense of immutability and simplicity. I conclude that my model stays faithful to scripture and can help to secure unity in the body of Christ concerning the doctrine of the Incarnation.
Standards for University Libraries
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Standards for University Libraries
Dallas Conference Report
Authors: Belanger Terry , Block Joleen , Dusenbury Carolyn
Published: August 2019

Dallas Conference Report
International Exchange of Librarians and the Ohio University Internship Program
Authors: Lee Hwa-Wei , Mulliner K.
Published: August 2019

International Exchange of Librarians and the Ohio University Internship Program
Bibliographic Instruction Online Searching and Chemistry Students at Knox
Authors: Bracken James , Calhoun John , Kooser Robert
Published: August 2019

Bibliographic Instruction Online Searching and Chemistry Students at Knox
Bibliographic Instruction: Library and Information Retrieval Instruction: Competency Testing
Authors: Schirmer Robert , Newman G. Charles
Published: August 2019

Bibliographic Instruction: Library and Information Retrieval Instruction: Competency Testing
Letter
Authors: Sanudo Manuel
Published: August 2019

Letter
Letters
Authors: Haka Clifford H. , Leυerenz Paul M. , Lindsey Thomas K. , Kathman Michael D.
Published: August 2019

Letters
Letter
Authors: Alley Brian
Published: August 2019

Letter
Letter
Authors: Rendell Kenneth
Published: August 2019

Letter
BI tip sheet for academic administrators and support staff
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

BI tip sheet for academic administrators and support staff
A proposed planning process for the Association of College and Research Libraries
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

A proposed planning process for the Association of College and Research Libraries
Letter
Authors: Hafner Jr Bichard P.
Published: August 2019

Letter
Guidelines for audiovisual services in academic libraries: A draft
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines for audiovisual services in academic libraries: A draft
INNOVATIONS: Managing innovation and innovators
Authors: Aniram Fred M.
Published: August 2019

INNOVATIONS: Managing innovation and innovators
Model statement of objectives for academic bibliographic instruction: Draft revision
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Model statement of objectives for academic bibliographic instruction: Draft revision
Guidelines for conservators and curators: Draft III
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines for conservators and curators: Draft III
Innovations: AACR2 rule interpretations
Authors: Moffett William A. , Boyd Alan D.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: AACR2 rule interpretations
Innovations: When closing a library is progress
Authors: Sturm Rebecca
Published: August 2019

Innovations: When closing a library is progress
The Tax Reform Act of 1984 and American research libraries
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

The Tax Reform Act of 1984 and American research libraries
Innovations: Humor and creativity: Staff newsletters
Authors: Stevens Norman D.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Humor and creativity: Staff newsletters
Innovations: Innovation and value-added information delivery
Authors: Coughlin Caroline M.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Innovation and value-added information delivery
Innovations: Humor and creativity: Preservation
Authors: Stevens Norman D.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Humor and creativity: Preservation
Innovations: Library benefit concerts: Blood, sweat, and cash
Authors: Münstedt Peter A.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Library benefit concerts: Blood, sweat, and cash
Innovations: Merchandising library services
Authors: Teuton Luella Bosman
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Merchandising library services
Guidelines for branch libraries in colleges and universities: A draft
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines for branch libraries in colleges and universities: A draft
Guidelines for extended campus library services: Proposed revision
Authors: Library Association American
Published: August 2019

Guidelines for extended campus library services: Proposed revision
Building a firm foundation: ACRL leadership, 1939-1989
Authors: Holley Edward G.
Published: August 2019

Building a firm foundation: ACRL leadership, 1939-1989
Innovations: Newspaper indexing with Pro-Cite
Authors: Cramer Michael D. , Markland Mary J.
Published: August 2019

Innovations: Newspaper indexing with Pro-Cite
Lærerarbejdets transformationer, digitale læringsplatforme og læreres professionelle kernekompetencer
Authors: Christiansen Rene B. , Andreasen Lars Birch
Published: August 2019

Artikelen sætter fokus på et specifikt område vedrørende læreres arbejde med digitale læringsplatforme i skolen, nemlig lærerarbejdets transformative karakter. Læreres arbejde med digitale læringsplatforme ses som et afsæt for forhandling af lærerarbejdets elementer og egenart, og forfatterne viser med dette eksempel et lille delblik på nogle af de udfordringer, lærere aktuelt står i. Artiklen undersøger, på et empirisk grundlag, læreres beslutninger, forståelser af og svar på de udviklinger, som rammer skolen i form af nye krav til og forståelser af lærerarbejdet, herunder digitale teknologier, der udfordrer og transformerer lærernes organisering, tilrettelæggelse og afvikling af undervisning og deres hverdagspraksis i skolen.
Implementering af læringsplatforme og kulturelle logikker
Authors: Tamborg Andreas Lindenskov , Allsopp Benjamin Brink
Published: August 2019

Implementering af læringsplatforme er en kompleks proces, der involverer mange forskellige aktører. I denne artikel ser vi nærmere på, hvordan disse forskellige aktører forholder sig til læringsplatformene, og vi undersøger, hvordan forskelle i aktørers forholdemåder indvirker på betingelserne for at implementere læringsplatforme. Empirisk er denne artikel baseret på videooptagelser og observationer af fremtidsværksteder afholdt i forbindelse et større forsknings- og udviklingsprojekt. Denne data bearbejdes ved hjælp af en kortlægningsproces understøttet af den visuelle notationsteknik Arcform. Disse kortlægninger analyseres efterfølgende med Nielsens (2012) logikbegreb med henblik på at identificere underlæggende kulturelle logikker i aktørernes forholdemåder, synspunkter og handlinger. Artiklen afsluttes med en diskussion af logikkers indbyrdes relation og betydningen af denne for betingelserne for implementering af læringsplatforme og af bud på, hvordan implementering af læringsplatforme i lyset af artiklens konklusioner kan håndteres på skoler.
Review over international forskningslitteratur om digitale læringsplatforme
Authors: Tamborg Andreas Lindenskov , Bjerre Andreas Riekehr , Andreasen Lars Birch , Albrechtsen Thomas , Misfeldt Morten
Published: August 2019

Denne artikel afsøger den seneste internationale engelsksprogede forskningslitteratur om anvendelse af digitale læringsplatforme. Reviewet behandler forskning fra i alt 21 studier og sammenfatter resultaterne i tre hovedkategorier, der hhv. omfatter implementering af læringsplatforme, kompetenceudviklingsbehov i forbindelse med platforme og relationen mellem elevers brug af platforme og deres faglige udbytte. Reviewet afsluttes med en diskussion af, hvordan resultaterne af litteraturgennemgangen kan have relevans for en dansk uddannelseskontekst i forhold til særlige opmærksomhedspunkter i den pædagogiske praksis, forskning og beslutningstagning.
Læringsplatformsdidaktik
Authors: Hansen Jens Jørgen
Published: August 2019

Læringsplatforme er et nyt medie for handling og kommunikation i skolen, der udgør et særligt vilkår for undervisning og derfor både kan udvikle og udfordre læreres didaktiske arbejde. Begrebet læringsplatformsdidaktik betegner den del af didaktikken der vedrører læreres viden om og praksis gennem læringsplatforme. Læringsplatformsdidaktik knytter sig kendte didaktiske kategorier som rammefaktor og nye kategorier som didaktiske værktøjer og undervisningens situation og sted. Artiklen bidrager til udvikling af didaktisk teori og præsenterer en række begreber, refleksionsfelter og problemstillinger, der har som mål at synliggøre læringsplatforme rolle i didaktikken.
Impact of hybridisation in two Cossypha robin-chat species in southern Africa
Authors: Mollett Jean , Munshi Naadhirah , Symes Craig
Published: August 2019

Chorister Robin-Chat Cossypha dichroa, a South African forest endemic, and Red-capped Robin-Chat C. natalensis, a widely distributed species in African forest and woodland, are inferred to hybridise in areas of sympatry. DNA was extracted from blood samples of C. dichroa (n = 18), C. natalensis (n = 47), and two phenotypic hybrids. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on the sequence data to investigate taxonomic status and putative interspecific hybridisation. Phenotypic hybrids grouped with C. natalensis, suggesting maternal parentage from that species. Intra- and interspecific genetic and geographic distances were compared between C. dichroa and C. natalensis to assess genetic introgression. Seven of the thirteen microsatellite primer pairs developed for C. natalensis cross amplified in C. dichroa. These seven markers were then used for further analysis. STRUCTURE v2.3.4 was used to assign individuals to a particular genetic cluster and determine any admixture. NEWHYBRIDS v1.1 was used to assign hybrid status to samples beyond the F1 generation. Despite the hybridisation events recorded between C. dichroa and C. natalensis they still form two separate clusters as expected, and two genetic clusters (K=2) were identified using STRUCTURE. These two species are proficient vocal mimics and it is likely that reproductive isolation mechanisms are overcome through vocalisations. Genotypic hybrids are evident in the sampled population and hybridisation and backcrossing across a zone of sympatry is occurring. However, hybridisation is expected to have very little evolutionary influence on the integrity of recently diverged species which retain reproductive isolation across a wide region of sympatry through call distinctness.
Astrocyte morphogenesis is dependent on BDNF signaling via astrocytic TrkB.T1
Authors: Holt Leanne M , Hernandez Raymundo D , Pacheco Natasha L , Torres Ceja Beatriz , Hossain Muhannah , Olsen Michelle L
Published: August 2019

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a critical growth factor involved in the maturation of the CNS, including neuronal morphology and synapse refinement. Herein, we demonstrate astrocytes express high levels of BDNF’s receptor, TrkB (in the top 20 of protein-coding transcripts), with nearly exclusive expression of the truncated isoform, TrkB.T1, which peaks in expression during astrocyte morphological maturation. Using a novel culture paradigm, we show that astrocyte morphological complexity is increased in the presence of BDNF and is dependent upon BDNF/TrkB.T1 signaling. Deletion of TrkB.T1, globally and astrocyte-specifically, in mice revealed morphologically immature astrocytes with significantly reduced volume, as well as dysregulated expression of perisynaptic genes associated with mature astrocyte function. Indicating a role for functional astrocyte maturation via BDNF/TrkB.T1 signaling, TrkB.T1 KO astrocytes do not support normal excitatory synaptogenesis or function. These data suggest a significant role for BDNF/TrkB.T1 signaling in astrocyte morphological maturation, a critical process for CNS development.
Subtle selectivity in a pheromone sensor triumvirate desynchronizes competence and predation in a human gut commensal
Authors: Mignolet Johann , Cerckel Guillaume , Damoczi Julien , Ledesma-Garcia Laura , Sass Andrea , Coenye Tom , Nessler Sylvie , Hols Pascal
Published: August 2019

Constantly surrounded by kin or alien organisms in nature, eukaryotes and prokaryotes developed various communication systems to coordinate adaptive multi-entity behavior. In complex and overcrowded environments, they require to discriminate relevant signals in a myriad of pheromones to execute appropriate responses. In the human gut commensal Streptococcus salivarius, the cytoplasmic Rgg/RNPP regulator ComR couples competence to bacteriocin-mediated predation. Here, we describe a paralogous sensor duo, ScuR and SarF, which circumvents ComR in order to disconnect these two physiological processes. We highlighted the recurring role of Rgg/RNPP in the production of antimicrobials and designed a robust genetic screen to unveil potent/optimized peptide pheromones. Further mutational and biochemical analyses dissected the modifiable selectivity toward their pheromone and operating sequences at the subtle molecular level. Additionally, our results highlight how we might mobilize antimicrobial molecules while silencing competence in endogenous populations of human microflora and temper gut disorders provoked by bacterial pathogens.