bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diversity and Distribution of Xylophagous Beetles from Pinus thunbergii Parl. and Pinus massoniana Lamb. Infected by Pine Wood Nematode
Authors: Chu Xu , Ma Qiuyu , Yang Meijiao , Li Guoqiang , Liu Jinyan , Liang Guanghong , Wu Songqing , Wang Rong , Zhang Feiping , Hu Xia
Published: November 2021

The vectors of pinewood nematode of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Bührer, 1934) are mainly known as xylophagous beetles. Understanding the composition and distribution of these xylophagous beetles in host pine trees infected by PWN is critical to control the spread of PWN. In this study, we investigated the community structures of the xylophagous beetles in two main host trees in Fujian and Shandong, Pinus massoniana Lamb. and Pinus thunbergia Parl., in different stages of infection. All beetles were collected by dissecting the whole pine trees and then identified by their morphological characteristics and COI genes. The results showed that the diversity of xylophagous beetles was different not only between the two host pine trees but also among the different infection stages. The diversity of P. massoniana xylophagous beetles was significantly higher than that of P. thunbergii, and there were also significant differences in the different stages of PWN infection. In total, Scolytinae was the most common (53.70%), followed by Curculionidae (18.26%), Cerambycidae (16.31%), and Cleridae (6.04%). Monochamus alternatus, the most important vector of PWN, occupied a large niche and showed different aggregation positions during the three infection stages in both host trees. This result might be related to the resistance of bark beetles to host trees and competition with other xylophagous beetles. The community diversity of xylophagous beetles was jointly affected by both the infection stages of PWN and the spatial niche of xylophagous beetles. Knowledge of the diversity and competitive relationships among xylophagous beetles might help regulate the population dynamics of these beetles.
On Rational Choice and the Representation of Decision Problems
Authors: Oliva Paulo , Zahn Philipp
Published: November 2021

In economic theory, an agent chooses from available alternatives—modeled as a set. In decisions in the field or in the lab, however, agents do not have access to the set of alternatives at once. Instead, alternatives are represented by the outside world in a structured way. Online search results are lists of items, wine menus are often lists of lists (grouped by type or country), and online shopping often involves filtering items which can be viewed as navigating a tree. Representations constrain how an agent can choose. At the same time, an agent can also leverage representations when choosing, simplifying their choice process. For instance, in the case of a list he or she can use the order in which alternatives are represented to make their choice. In this paper, we model representations and decision procedures operating on them. We show that choice procedures are related to classical choice functions by a canonical mapping. Using this mapping, we can ask whether properties of choice functions can be lifted onto the choice procedures which induce them. We focus on the obvious benchmark: rational choice. We fully characterize choice procedures which can be rationalized by a strict preference relation for general representations including lists, list of lists, trees and others. Our framework can thereby be used as the basis for new tests of rational behavior. Classical choice theory operates on very limited information, typically budgets or menus and final choices. This is in stark contrast to the vast amount of data that specifically web companies collect about their users’ choice process. Our framework offers a way to integrate such data into economic choice models.
Engaging Private Health Care Providers to Identify Individuals with TB in Nepal
Authors: Sah Rajesh , Singh Upendra Kumar , Mainali Ranju , Sanaie Ataulhaq , Pande Tripti , Vasquez Nathaly Aguilera , Khan Amera
Published: November 2021

In Nepal, 47% of individuals who fell ill with TB were not reported to the National TB Program in 2018. Approximately 60% of persons with TB initially seek care in the private sector. From November 2018 to January 2020, we implemented an active case finding intervention in the Parsa and Dhanusha districts targeting private provider facilities. To evaluate the impact of the intervention, we reported on crude intervention results. We further compared case notification during the implementation to baseline and control population (Bara and Siraha) notifications. We screened 203,332 individuals; 11,266 (5.5%) were identified as presumptive for TB and 8077 (71.7%) were tested for TB. Approximately 8% had a TB diagnosis, of whom 383 (56.2%) were bacteriologically confirmed (Bac+). In total, 653 (95.7%) individuals were initiated on treatment at DOTS facilities. For the intervention districts, there was a 17%increase for bacteriologically positive TB and 10% for all forms TB compared to baseline. In comparison, the change in notifications in the control population were 4% for bacteriologically positive, and −2% all forms. Through engagement of private sector facilities, our intervention was able to increase the number of individuals identified with TB by over 10% in the Parsa and Dhanusha districts.
Employment Status and Work Ability in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Leso Veruscka , Carnovale Vincenzo , Iacotucci Paola , Pacella Daniela , Romano Rosaria , Della Volpe Ilaria , Iavicoli Ivo
Published: November 2021

Improvements in the survival and clinical outcomes of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients raised questions about their workforce participation and capacity to work. One hundred and ninety-six outpatients, attending the Adult CF Center of an Italian University Hospital, were enrolled between May 2020 and March 2021. The patients’ personal and clinical characteristics, employment status, and profession were assessed. The Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire—Revised and the work ability index (WAI) were employed to assess CF health-related quality of life and the employee’s perception of their ability to work, respectively. Among the enrolled patients, 98 (50%) were employed. The non-working subjects were significantly younger (mean age ± standard deviation: 30 ± 10 vs. 37 ± 10 years) and were diagnosed with CF significantly earlier (9 ± 13 vs. 17 ± 18 years) than the employed subjects. The vast majority of CF workers (82.6%) were employed in tertiary professions. A general good work ability perception was determined in the employed population. Aging and being employed for >15 years could significantly predict a reduction in work ability, while a better quality of life was a positive predictor for its enhancement. Although further research is necessary, these results may introduce interdisciplinary CF healthcare management that includes a work function assessment, formal career counseling, and job guidance to support the personal, social and professional lives of CF patients.
Association between Temporomandibular Joint Disorder and Weight Changes: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study Using a National Health Screening Cohort
Authors: Kim So Young , Yoo Dae Myoung , Byun Soo-Hwan , Min Chanyang , Kim Ji Hee , Kwon Mi Jung , Kim Joo-Hee , Choi Hyo Geun
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to investigate BMI changes following a temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD) diagnosis. The Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort from 2002 to 2015 was used. In Study I, 1808 patients with TMJD (TMJD I) were matched with 7232 participants in comparison group I. The change in BMI was compared between the TMJD I and comparison I groups for 1 year. In study II, 1621 patients with TMJD (TMJD II) were matched with 6484 participants in comparison group II participants. The change in BMI was compared between the TMJD II and comparison II groups for 2 years. In Study I, the BMI change was not associated with TMJD. In Study II, the BMI change was associated with TMJD in the interaction of the linear mixed model (p = 0.003). The estimated value (EV) of the linear mixed model was −0.082. The interaction was significant in women < 60 years old, women ≥ 60 years old, and the obese I category. TMJD was not associated with BMI changes after 1–2 years in the overall population. In women and obese patients, TMJD was associated with a decrease in BMI after 2 years.
A Systematic Review of Scientific Studies and Case Reports on Music and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Truong Thanh Phuong Anh , Applewhite Briana , Heiderscheit Annie , Himmerich Hubertus
Published: November 2021

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a severe psychiatric disorder, which can be associated with music-related symptoms. Music may also be used as an adjunct treatment for OCD. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we performed a systematic literature review exploring the relationship between music and OCD by using three online databases: PubMed, the Web of Science, and PsycINFO. The search terms were “obsessive compulsive disorder”, “OCD”, “music”, and “music therapy”. A total of 27 articles were utilised (n = 650 patients/study participants) and grouped into three categories. The first category comprised case reports of patients with musical obsessions in patients with OCD. Most patients were treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or a combination of an SSRI and another pharmacological or a non-pharmacological treatment, with variable success. Studies on the music perception of people with OCD or obsessive-compulsive personality traits represented the second category. People with OCD or obsessive-compulsive personality traits seem to be more sensitive to tense music and were found to have an increased desire for harmony in music. Three small studies on music therapy in people with OCD constituted the third category. These studies suggest that patients with OCD might benefit from music therapy, which includes listening to music.
Xanthohumol Is a Potent Pan-Inhibitor of Coronaviruses Targeting Main Protease
Authors: Lin Yuxi , Zang Ruochen , Ma Yanlong , Wang Zhuoya , Li Li , Ding Siyuan , Zhang Rong , Wei Zhiqiang , Yang Jinbo , Wang Xin
Published: November 2021

Coronaviruses cause diseases in humans and livestock. The SARS-CoV-2 is infecting millions of human beings, with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main protease (Mpro) of coronavirus plays a pivotal role in viral replication and transcription, which, in theory, is an attractive drug target for antiviral drug development. It has been extensively discussed whether Xanthohumol is able to help COVID-19 patients. Here, we report that Xanthohumol, a small molecule in clinical trials from hops (Humulus lupulus), was a potent pan-inhibitor for various coronaviruses by targeting Mpro, for example, betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 value of 1.53 μM), and alphacoronavirus PEDV (IC50 value of 7.51 μM). Xanthohumol inhibited Mpro activities in the enzymatical assays, while pretreatment with Xanthohumol restricted the SARS-CoV-2 and PEDV replication in Vero-E6 cells. Therefore, Xanthohumol is a potent pan-inhibitor of coronaviruses and an excellent lead compound for further drug development.
Impaired Innate Immunity in Pediatric Patients Type 1 Diabetes—Focus on Toll-like Receptors Expression
Authors: Kurianowicz Katarzyna , Klatka Maria , Polak Agnieszka , Hymos Anna , Bębnowska Dominika , Podgajna Martyna , Hrynkiewicz Rafał , Sierawska Olga , Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej Paulina
Published: November 2021

Type 1 diabetes (DM1) is classified as an autoimmune disease. An uncontrolled response of B and T lymphocytes to the body’s own tissues develops in the absence of immune tolerance. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the duration of type 1 diabetes in children on the expression of TLR receptors and the relationship with the parameters of glycemic control in patients. As a result, we showed significant differences in the level of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 expression in patients with DM1 in the early stage of the disease and treated chronically compared to the healthy group. Additionally, in this study, we found that the numbers of CD19+ B cells, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+ T cells and NK cells are different for newly diagnosed DM1 individuals, patients receiving chronic treatment and for healthy controls, indicating an important role of these cells in killing pancreatic beta cells. Moreover, higher levels of IL-10 in patients with newly diagnosed DM1 have also been found, confirming the reports found in the literature.
Trihelix Transcription Factor ZmThx20 Is Required for Kernel Development in Maize
Authors: Li Peng , Li Zhaoxia , Xie Guangning , Zhang Juren
Published: November 2021

Maize kernels are the harvested portion of the plant and are related to the yield and quality of maize. The endosperm of maize is a large storage organ that constitutes 80–90% of the dry weight of mature kernels. Maize kernels have long been the study of cereal grain development to increase yield. In this study, a natural mutation that causes abnormal kernel development, and displays a shrunken kernel phenotype, was identified and named “shrunken 2008 (sh2008)”. The starch grains in sh2008 are loose and have a less proteinaceous matrix surrounding them. The total storage protein and the major storage protein zeins are ~70% of that in the wild-type control (WT); in particular, the 19 kDa and 22 kDa α-zeins. Map-based cloning revealed that sh2008 encodes a GT-2 trihelix transcription factor, ZmThx20. Using CRISPR/Cas9, two other alleles with mutated ZmThx20 were found to have the same abnormal kernel. Shrunken kernels can be rescued by overexpressing normal ZmThx20. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the kernels from sh2008 and WT showed that the GO terms of translation, ribosome, and nutrient reservoir activity were enriched in the down-regulated genes (sh2008/WT). In short, these changes can lead to defects in endosperm development and storage reserve filling in seeds.
Essential Oils from Annonaceae Species from Brazil: A Systematic Review of Their Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities
Authors: Cascaes Márcia Moraes , Carneiro Odirleny dos Santos , Nascimento Lidiane Diniz do , de Moraes Ângelo Antônio Barbosa , de Oliveira Mozaniel Santana , Cruz Jorddy Neves , Guilhon Giselle Maria Skelding Pinheiro , Andrade Eloisa Helena de Aguiar
Published: November 2021

The present work involves a systematic review of the chemical composition and biological effects of essential oils from the Annonaceae species collected in Brazil from 2011 to 2021. Annonaceae is one of the most important botanical families in Brazil, as some species have economic value in the market as local and international fruit. In addition, the species have useful applications in several areas—for instance, as raw materials for use in cosmetics and perfumery and as medicinal plants. In folk medicine, species such as Annona glabra L. and Xylopia sericea A. St.-Hil. are used to treat diseases such as rheumatism and malaria. The species of Annonaceae are an important source of essential oils and are rich in compounds belonging to the classes of mono and sesquiterpenes; of these compounds, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, (E)-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene D, spathulenol, and β-elemene are the most abundant. The antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antileishmania, antioxidant, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, larvicidal, trypanocidal, and antimalarial activities of essential oils from the Annonaceae species in Brazil have been described in previous research, with the most studies on this topic being related to their antiproliferative or cytotoxic activities. In some studies, it was observed that the biological activity reported for these essential oils was superior to that of drugs available on the market, as is the case of the essential oil of the species Guatteria punctata (Aubl.) R. A. Howard., which showed a trypanocidal effect that was 34 times stronger than that of the reference drug benznidazol.
Campylobacter Biofilms: Potential of Natural Compounds to Disrupt Campylobacter jejuni Transmission
Authors: Elgamoudi Bassam A. , Korolik Victoria
Published: November 2021

Microbial biofilms occur naturally in many environmental niches and can be a significant reservoir of infectious microbes in zoonotically transmitted diseases such as that caused by Campylobacter jejuni, the leading cause of acute human bacterial gastroenteritis world-wide. The greatest challenge in reducing the disease caused by this organism is reducing transmission of C. jejuni to humans from poultry via the food chain. Biofilms enhance the stress tolerance and antimicrobial resistance of the microorganisms they harbor and are considered to play a crucial role for Campylobacter spp. survival and transmission to humans. Unconventional approaches to control biofilms and to improve the efficacy of currently used antibiotics are urgently needed. This review summarizes the use plant- and microorganism-derived antimicrobial and antibiofilm compounds such as essential oils, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), polyphenolic extracts, algae extracts, probiotic-derived factors, d-amino acids (DAs) and glycolipid biosurfactants with potential to control biofilms formed by Campylobacter, and the suggested mechanisms of their action. Further investigation and use of such natural compounds could improve preventative and remedial strategies aimed to limit the transmission of campylobacters and other human pathogens via the food chain.
Comparison and Optimization of Quantification Methods for Shigella flexneri Serotype 6 O-antigen Containing Galacturonic Acid and Methyl-Pentose
Authors: Raso Maria Michelina , Vassallo Oscar , Micoli Francesca , Giannelli Carlo
Published: November 2021

Shigella is a leading diarrheal cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries and in children under five years of age. Increasing levels of antimicrobial resistance make vaccine development an even higher global health priority. S. flexneri serotype 6 is one of the targets of many multicomponent vaccines in development to ensure broad protection against Shigella. The O-antigen (OAg) is a key active ingredient and its content is a critical quality attribute for vaccine release in order to monitor their stability and to ensure appropriate immune response. Here, the optimization of two methods to quantify S. flexneri 6 OAg is reported together with the characterization of their performances. The optimized Dische colorimetric method allows a tenfold increment of the sensitivity with respect to the original method and is useful for fast analysis detecting selectively methyl-pentoses, as rhamnose in S. flexneri 6 OAg. Also, a more specific HPAEC-PAD method was developed, detecting the dimer galacturonic acid-galactosamine (GalA-GalN) coming from S. flexneri 6 OAg acid hydrolysis. These methods will facilitate characterization of S. flexneri 6 OAg based vaccines. The colorimetric method can be used for quantification of other polysaccharide containing methyl-pentoses, and the HPAEC-PAD could be extended to other polysaccharides containing uronic acids.
Steroid-Functionalized Imidazolium Salts with an Extended Spectrum of Antifungal and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Malinowska Marta , Sawicka Diana , Niemirowicz-Laskowska Katarzyna , Wielgat Przemysław , Car Halina , Hauschild Tomasz , Hryniewicka Agnieszka
Published: November 2021

It is established that high rates of morbidity and mortality caused by fungal infections are related to the current limited number of antifungal drugs and the toxicity of these agents. Imidazolium salts as azole derivatives can be successfully used in the treatment of fungal infections in humans. Steroid-functionalized imidazolium salts were synthesized using a new, more efficient method. As a result, 20 salts were obtained with high yields, 12 of which were synthesized and characterized for the first time. They were derivatives of lithocholic acid and 3-oxo-23,24-dinorchol-4-ene-22-al and were fully characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Due to the excellent activity against bacteria and Candida albicans, new research was extended to include tests on five species of pathogenic fungi and molds: Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888, Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 204305, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 14116, and Microsporum canis ATCC 11621. The results showed that the new salts are almost universal antifungal agents and have a broad spectrum of activity against other human pathogens. To initially assess the safety of the synthesized salts, hemocompatibility with host cells and cytotoxicity were also examined. No toxicity was observed at the concentration at which the compounds were active against pathogens.
Dimensional Changes in Lipid Rafts from Human Brain Cortex Associated to Development of Alzheimer’s Disease. Predictions from an Agent-Based Mathematical Model
Authors: Santos Guido , Díaz Mario
Published: November 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by abnormal functioning of critical physiological processes in nerve cells and aberrant accumulation of protein aggregates in the brain. The initial cause remains elusive—the only unquestionable risk factor for the most frequent variant of the disease is age. Lipid rafts are microdomains present in nerve cell membranes and they are known to play a significant role in the generation of hallmark proteinopathies associated to AD, namely senile plaques, formed by aggregates of amyloid β peptides. Recent studies have demonstrated that human brain cortex lipid rafts are altered during early neuropathological phases of AD as defined by Braak and Braak staging. The lipid composition and physical properties of these domains appear altered even before clinical symptoms are detected. Here, we use a coarse grain molecular dynamics mathematical model to predict the dimensional evolution of these domains using the experimental data reported by our group in human frontal cortex. The model predicts significant size and frequency changes which are detectable at the earliest neuropathological stage (ADI/II) of Alzheimer’s disease. Simulations reveal a lower number and a larger size in lipid rafts from ADV/VI, the most advanced stage of AD. Paralleling these changes, the predictions also indicate that non-rafts domains undergo simultaneous alterations in membrane peroxidability, which support a link between oxidative stress and AD progression. These synergistic changes in lipid rafts dimensions and non-rafts peroxidability are likely to become part of a positive feedback loop linked to an irreversible amyloid burden and neuronal death during the evolution of AD neuropathology.
Non-Contact Multiscale Analysis of a DPP 3D-Printed Injection Die for Investment Casting
Authors: Kroma Arkadiusz , Mendak Michał , Jakubowicz Michał , Gapiński Bartosz , Popielarski Paweł
Published: November 2021

The investment casting method supported with 3D-printing technology, allows the production of unit castings or prototypes with properties most similar to those of final products. Due to the complexity of the process, it is very important to control the dimensions in the initial stages of the process. This paper presents a comparison of non-contact measurement systems applied for testing of photopolymer 3D-printed injection die used in investment casting. Due to the required high quality of the surface parameters, the authors decided to use the DPP (Daylight Polymer Printing) 3D-printing technology to produce an analyzed injection die. The X-ray CT, Structured blue-light scanner and focus variation microscope measurement techniques were used to avoid any additional damages to the injection die that may arise during the measurement. The main objective of the research was to analyze the possibility of using non-contact measurement systems as a tool for analyzing the quality of the surface of a 3D-printed injection die. Dimensional accuracy analysis, form and position deviations, defect detection, and comparison with a CAD model were carried out.
Gel-Based Luminescent Conductive Materials and Their Applications in Biosensors and Bioelectronics
Authors: Qi Jiajin , Su Gongmeiyue , Li Zhao
Published: November 2021

The gel is an ideal platform for fabricating materials for bio-related applications due to its good biocompatibility, adjustable mechanical strength, and flexible and diversified functionalization. In recent decades, gel-based luminescent conductive materials that possess additional luminescence and conductivity simultaneously advanced applications in biosensors and bioelectronics. Herein, a comprehensive overview of gel-based luminescent conductive materials is summarized in this review. Gel-based luminescent conductive materials are firstly outlined, highlighting their fabrication methods, network structures, and functions. Then, their applications in biosensors and bioelectronics fields are illustrated. Finally, challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field are discussed with the hope of inspire additional ideas.
Computed Tomography as a Characterization Tool for Engineered Scaffolds with Biomedical Applications
Authors: Olăreț Elena , Stancu Izabela-Cristina , Iovu Horia , Serafim Andrada
Published: November 2021

The ever-growing field of materials with applications in the biomedical field holds great promise regarding the design and fabrication of devices with specific characteristics, especially scaffolds with personalized geometry and architecture. The continuous technological development pushes the limits of innovation in obtaining adequate scaffolds and establishing their characteristics and performance. To this end, computed tomography (CT) proved to be a reliable, nondestructive, high-performance machine, enabling visualization and structure analysis at submicronic resolutions. CT allows both qualitative and quantitative data of the 3D model, offering an overall image of its specific architectural features and reliable numerical data for rigorous analyses. The precise engineering of scaffolds consists in the fabrication of objects with well-defined morphometric parameters (e.g., shape, porosity, wall thickness) and in their performance validation through thorough control over their behavior (in situ visualization, degradation, new tissue formation, wear, etc.). This review is focused on the use of CT in biomaterial science with the aim of qualitatively and quantitatively assessing the scaffolds’ features and monitoring their behavior following in vivo or in vitro experiments. Furthermore, the paper presents the benefits and limitations regarding the employment of this technique when engineering materials with applications in the biomedical field.
Characterization and Filtration Efficiency of Sustainable PLA Fibers Obtained via a Hybrid 3D-Printed/Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Pierpaoli Mattia , Giosuè Chiara , Czerwińska Natalia , Rycewicz Michał , Wieloszyńska Aleksandra , Bogdanowicz Robert , Ruello Maria Letizia
Published: November 2021

The enormous world demand for personal protective equipment to face the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has revealed two main weaknesses. On one hand, centralized production led to an initial shortage of respirators; on the other hand, the world demand for single-use equipment has had a direct and inevitable effect on the environment. Polylactide (PLA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible, and renewable thermoplastic polyester, mainly derived from corn starch. Electrospinning is an established and reproducible method to obtain nano- and microfibrous materials with a simple apparatus, characterized by high air filtration efficiencies. In the present work, we designed and optimized an open-source electrospinning setup, easily realizable with a 3D printer and using components widely available, for the delocalized production of an efficient and sustainable particulate matter filter. Filters were realized on 3D-printed PLA support, on which PLA fibers were subsequently electrospun. NaCl aerosol filtration tests exhibited an efficiency greater than 95% for aerosol having an equivalent diameter greater than 0.3 μm and a fiber diameter comparable to the commercially available FFP2 melt-blown face mask. The particulate entrapped by the filters when operating in real environments (indoors, outdoors, and working scenario) was also investigated, as well as the amount of heavy metals potentially released into the environment after filtration activity.
The Influence of Gum Arabic Admixture on the Mechanical Properties of Lime-Metakaolin Paste Used as Binder in Hemp Concrete
Authors: Brzyski Przemysław
Published: November 2021

Organic admixtures based on polysaccharides are used in construction for modifying the properties of mortars and concretes. Gum arabic is an example of a polysaccharide-based biopolymer. The aim of the article was to investigate the possibilities of improving the strength parameters of a binder paste based on hydrated lime and metakaolin. The paste was modified with powdered gum arabic at 1%, 3% and 5% (by mass) as a partial replacement for the binder mix. The influence of the admixture on the pore size distribution as well as flexural and compressive strength was investigated. The admixture enhanced the total porosity of the paste, increasing the pore diameter compared with the reference formulation. The increase in porosity, in turn, did not reduce the mechanical strength. Conversely, the admixture in the amount of 3% and 5% caused a significant increase in the flexural (by about 300% in relation to reference paste) and compressive strengths (by 25% and 60%, respectively). The tested pastes were used as a binder in a composite based on hemp shives. The influence of binder modification on the water absorption and compressive strength of hemp concrete was tested. The strength of the composite soaked in water was also tested. The modification of the binder with gum arabic in the amount of 3% and 5% increased the compressive strength of hemp concrete (not soaked in water) by 53% and 92%, respectively and reduced the mass absorptivity by 6.6% and 10.4%, respectively.
Fresh, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Self-Compacting Mortar Incorporating Alumina Nanoparticles and Rice Husk Ash
Authors: Mehdizadeh Bahareh , Jahandari Soheil , Vessalas Kirk , Miraki Hania , Rasekh Haleh , Samali Bijan
Published: November 2021

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation on self-compacting (SC) mortars incorporating 0, 1, 3, and 5% alumina nanoparticles (NA) as well as 0% and 30% rice husk ash (RHA) used as Portland cement replacement. To evaluate the workability, mechanical, and durability performance of SC mortars incorporating NA and RHA, the fresh properties (slump flow diameter and V-funnel flow time), hardened properties (compressive strength, flexural strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity), and durability properties (water absorption, rapid chloride permeability, and electrical resistivity) were determined. The results indicated that the addition of NA and RHA has negligible effect on the workability and water absorption rate of the SC mortars. However, significant compressive and flexural strength development was observed in the SC mortars treated with NA or the combination of NA and RHA. The introduction of RHA and NA also reduced the rapid chloride permeability and enhanced the electrical resistivity of the SC mortars significantly. It is concluded that the coexistence of 30% RHA and 3% NA as cement replacement in SC mortars can provide the best mechanical and durability performance.
The Influence of Electro-Conductive Compression Knits Wearing Conditions on Heating Characteristics
Authors: Repon Md. Reazuddin , Laureckiene Ginta , Mikucioniene Daiva
Published: November 2021

Textile-based heaters have opened new opportunities for next-generation smart heating devices. This experiment presents electrically conductive textiles for heat generation in orthopaedic compression supports. The main goal was to investigate the influence of frequent washing and stretching on heat generation durability of constructed compression knitted structures. The silver coated polyamide yarns were used to knit a half-Milano rib structure containing elastomeric inlay-yarn. Dimensional stability of the knitted fabric and morphological changes of the silver coated electro-conductive yarns were investigated during every wash cycle. The results revealed that temperature becomes stable within two minutes for all investigated fabrics. The heat generation was found to be dependent on the stretching, mostly due to the changing surface area; and it should be considered during the development of heated compression knits. Washing negatively influences the heat-generating capacity on the fabric due to the surface damage caused by the mechanical and chemical interaction during washing. The higher number of silver-coated filaments in the electro-conductive yarn and the knitted structure, protecting the electro-conductive yarn from mechanical abrasion, may ensure higher durability of heating characteristics.
Challenges for Safe Electrolytes Applied in Lithium-Ion Cells—A Review
Authors: Pigłowska Marita , Kurc Beata , Galiński Maciej , Fuć Paweł , Kamińska Michalina , Szymlet Natalia , Daszkiewicz Paweł
Published: November 2021

The aspect of safety in electronic devices has turned out to be a huge challenge for the world of science. Thus far, satisfactory power and energy densities, efficiency, and cell capacities have been achieved. Unfortunately, the explosiveness and thermal runaway of the cells prevents them from being used in demanding applications such as electric cars at higher temperatures. The main aim of this review is to highlight different electrolytes used in lithium-ion cells as well as the flammability aspect. In the paper, the authors present liquid inorganic electrolytes, composite polymer–ceramic electrolytes, ionic liquids (IL), polymeric ionic liquids, polymer electrolytes (solvent-free polymer electrolytes (SPEs), gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), and composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs)), and different flame retardants used to prevent the thermal runaway and combustion of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Additionally, various flame tests used for electrolytes in LIBs have been adopted. Aside from a detailed description of the electrolytes consumed in LIBs. Last section in this work discusses hydrogen as a source of fuel cell operation and its practical application as a global trend that supports green chemistry.
Isolation of Scalarane-Type Sesterterpenoids from the Marine Sponge Dysidea sp. and Stereochemical Reassignment of 12-epi-Phyllactone D/E
Authors: Shin A-Young , Son Arang , Choi Changhoon , Lee Jihoon
Published: November 2021

The chemical investigation of the marine sponge Dysidea sp., which was collected from Bohol province in the Philippines, resulted in the identification of 15 new scalarane-type sesterterpenoids (1–14, 16), together with 15 known compounds. The chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated based on NMR spectroscopy and HRMS. The structure of 12-epi-phyllactone D/E (15) isolated during this study was originally identified in 2007. However, careful inspection of our experimental 13C NMR spectrum revealed considerable discrepancies with the reported data at C-9, C-12, C-14, and C-23, leading to the correction of the reported compound to the C-12 epimer of 15, phyllactone D/E. The biological properties of compounds 1–16 were evaluated using the MDA-MB-231 cancer cell line. Compound 7, which bears a pentenone E-ring, exhibits significant cytotoxicity with a GI50 value of 4.21 μM.
Brachytherapy Approach Using 177Lu Conjugated Gold Nanostars and Evaluation of Biodistribution, Tumor Retention, Dosimetry and Therapeutic Efficacy in Head and Neck Tumor Model
Authors: Lin Min-Ying , Hsieh Hsin-Hua , Chen Jyh-Cheng , Chen Chuan-Lin , Sheu Nin-Chu , Huang Wen-Sheng , Ho Shinn-Ying , Chen Ting-Wen , Lee Yi-Jang , Wu Chun-Yi
Published: November 2021

Brachytherapy can provide sufficient doses to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with minimal damage to nearby normal tissues. In this study, the β−-emitter 177Lu was conjugated to DTPA-polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated gold nanostars (177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS) used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering and photothermal therapy (PTT). The accumulation and therapeutic efficacy of 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS were compared with those of 177Lu-DTPA on an orthotopic HNSCC tumor model. The SPECT/CT imaging and biodistribution studies showed that 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS can be accumulated in the tumor up to 15 days, but 177Lu-DTPA could not be detected at 24 h after injection. The tumor viability and growth were suppressed by injected 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS but not nonconjugated 177Lu-DTPA, as evaluated by bioluminescent imaging. The radiation-absorbed dose of the normal organ was the highest in the liver (0.33 mSv/MBq) estimated in a 73 kg adult, but that of tumorsphere (0.5 g) was 3.55 mGy/MBq, while intravenous injection of 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS resulted in 1.97 mSv/MBq and 0.13 mGy/MBq for liver and tumorsphere, respectively. We also observed further enhancement of tumor-suppressive effects by a combination of 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS and PTT compared to 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS alone. In conclusion, 177Lu-DTPA-pAuNS may be considered as a potential radiopharmaceutical agent for HNSCC brachytherapy.
Bio-Zirconium Metal–Organic Framework Regenerable Bio-Beads for the Effective Removal of Organophosphates from Polluted Water
Authors: Diab Kamal E. , Salama Eslam , Hassan Hassan Shokry , El-moneim Ahmed Abd , Elkady Marwa F.
Published: November 2021

Organophosphate-based pesticides, such as diazinon, are among the most toxic organic contaminants to human and environment. Effective removal of diazinon from contaminated water sources is critical. Zirconium Metal−organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) are promising candidates for the removal of organic contaminants from wastewater. Herein, we report the adequacy of a bio based Zr-MOF named MIP-202 for the removal of diazinon from water. On the other hand, the use of these materials in powder form is not workable, the development of scalable and economical processes and integrative of these materials onto beads is paramount for industrial processes. Hence, it was reported a scalable, bio aqueous solution-based preparation strategy for Bio Zr-MOF beads production. The composite material exposed identical reactivity under the same ambient parameters compared to powdered material in an aqueous solution. These results signify a critical procedure to an integrated strategy for organophosphates removal using bio-based MOFs, which demonstrates high potential for manufacturing applications such as continued removal of organophosphates from wastewater supplies.
Multifunctional Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Biopolymer Blends and Magnetic Tubular Halloysite for Medical Applications
Authors: Khunová Viera , Pavliňák David , Šafařík Ivo , Škrátek Martin , Ondreáš František
Published: November 2021

Tubular halloysite (HNT) is a naturally occurring aluminosilicate clay with a unique combination of natural availability, good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and functionality. This study explored the effects of magnetically responsive halloysite (MHNT) on the structure, morphology, chemical composition, and magnetic and mechanical properties of electrospun nanofibers based on polycaprolactone (PCL) and gelatine (Gel) blends. MHNT was prepared via a simple modification of HNT with a perchloric-acid-stabilized magnetic fluid–methanol mixture. PCL/Gel nanofibers containing 6, 9, and 12 wt.% HNT and MHNT were prepared via an electrospinning process, respecting the essential rules for medical applications. The structure and properties of the prepared nanofibers were studied using infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and electron microscopy (SEM, STEM) along with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), magnetometry, and mechanical analysis. It was found that the incorporation of the studied concentrations of MHNT into PCL/Gel nanofibers led to soft magnetic biocompatible materials with a saturation magnetization of 0.67 emu/g and coercivity of 15 Oe for nanofibers with 12 wt.% MHNT. Moreover, by applying both HNT and MHNT, an improvement of the nanofibers structure was observed, together with strong reinforcing effects. The greatest improvement was observed for nanofibers containing 9 wt.% MHNT when increases in tensile strength reached more than two-fold and the elongation at break reached a five-fold improvement.
Antimicrobial Hydrophilic Membrane Formed by Incorporation of Polymeric Surfactant and Patchouli Oil
Authors: Arahman Nasrul , Rosnelly Cut Meurah , Windana Diki Sukma , Fahrina Afrillia , Silmina Silmina , Maimun Teuku , Mulyati Sri , Fathanah Umi , Aprilia Sri , Bilad Muhammad Roil , Gunawan Poernomo , Dzulhijjah Wafiq Alni , Halimah Nur
Published: November 2021

Membrane properties are highly affected by the composition of the polymer solutions that make up the membrane material and their influence in the filtration performance on the separation or purification process. This paper studies the effects of the addition of pluronic (Plu) and patchouli oil (PO) in a polyethersulfone (PES) solution on the membrane morphology, membrane hydrophilicity, and filtration performance in the pesticide removal compound in the water sample. Three types of membranes with the composition of PES, PES + Plu, and PES + Plu + patchouli oil were prepared through a polymer phase inversion technique in an aqueous solvent. The resulting membranes were then analyzed and tested for their mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, antimicrobial properties, and filtration performance (cross-flow ultrafiltration). The results show that all of the prepared membranes could reject 75% of the pesticide. The modification of the PES membrane with Plu was shown to increase the overall pore size by altering the pore morphology of the pristine PES, which eventually increased the permeation flux of the ultrafiltration process. Furthermore, patchouli oil added antimicrobial properties, potentially minimizing the biofilm formation on the membrane surface.
Optimal Design of Computational Fluid Dynamics: Numerical Calculation and Simulation Analysis of Windage Power Losses in the Aviation
Authors: Zhang Yuzhong , Li Linlin , Zhao Ziqiang
Published: November 2021

Based on the theory of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with the help of the Fluent software and the powerful parallel computing capability of the super cloud computer, the single-phase flow transient simulation calculation of the windage power loss of the engagement spiral bevel gear pair (SBGP) was performed. The two-equation SST k-ω turbulence model based on the assumption of eddy viscosity was adopted, which was improved from the standard k-ε model combined with the Wilcox k-ω model. The SST k-ω turbulence model inherited the respective advantages of the Wilcox k-ω model in the near-wall region and the k-ε model in the free shear layer and could more accurately describe the resistance and separation effect of the gear tooth surface on the airflow. The simulation analyzed the airflow characteristics around SBGP and the mechanism of the windshield to reduce the windage loss of the gear. It also studied the influence of the windshield clearance and opening size on the windage power loss. Then the orthogonal experimental analysis method was adopted to perform numerical simulation analysis. The windage torque was studied under different clearance values between the windshield and the gear tooth surface, as well as the large end and the small end. The variance analysis was performed on the numerical simulation data. The results showed that when the windshield clearance value was 1 mm and the engagement opening was 30°, the windage torque was the smallest, and the effect of reducing the windage power loss was the best. According to the changes in the pressure, velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy cloud diagram of the flow field in the reducer during multi-group simulation tests, the local optimal windshield configuration was obtained, which provided a method for further research on the multi-objective optimization of the windshield and the windage loss of the gear pair under the oil–gas two-phase flow and also provided a reference for the practical engineering application of the windshield.
Robust Explorative Particle Swarm Optimization for Optimal Design of EV Traction Motor
Authors: Lee Jin-Hwan , Kim Woo-Jung , Jung Sang-Yong
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a robust optimization algorithm customized for the optimal design of electric machines. The proposed algorithm, termed “robust explorative particle swarm optimization” (RePSO), is a hybrid algorithm that affords high accuracy and a high search speed when determining robust optimal solutions. To ensure the robustness of the determined optimal solution, RePSO employs the rate of change of the cost function. When this rate is high, the cost function appears as a steep curve, indicating low robustness; in contrast, when the rate is low, the cost function takes the form of a gradual curve, indicating high robustness. For verification, the performance of the proposed algorithm was compared with those of the conventional methods of robust particle swarm optimization and explorative particle swarm optimization with a Gaussian basis test function. The target performance of the traction motor for the optimal design was derived using a simulation of vehicle driving performance. Based on the simulation results, the target performance of the traction motor requires a maximum torque and power of 294 Nm and 88 kW, respectively. The base model, an 8-pole 72-slot permanent magnet synchronous machine, was designed considering the target performance. Accordingly, an optimal design was realized using the proposed algorithm. The cost function for this optimal design was selected such that the torque ripple, total harmonic distortion of back-electromotive force, and cogging torque were minimized. Finally, experiments were performed on the manufactured optimal model. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm were validated by comparing the analytical and experimental results.
A Dense Encoder–Decoder Network with Feedback Connections for Pan-Sharpening
Authors: Li Weisheng , Xiang Minghao , Liang Xuesong
Published: November 2021

To meet the need for multispectral images having high spatial resolution in practical applications, we propose a dense encoder–decoder network with feedback connections for pan-sharpening. Our network consists of four parts. The first part consists of two identical subnetworks, one each to extract features from PAN and MS images, respectively. The second part is an efficient feature-extraction block. We hope that the network can focus on features at different scales, so we propose innovative multiscale feature-extraction blocks that fully extract effective features from networks of various depths and widths by using three multiscale feature-extraction blocks and two long-jump connections. The third part is the feature fusion and recovery network. We are inspired by the work on U-Net network improvements to propose a brand new encoder network structure with dense connections that improves network performance through effective connections to encoders and decoders at different scales. The fourth part is a continuous feedback connection operation with overfeedback to refine shallow features, which enables the network to obtain better reconstruction capabilities earlier. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we performed several experiments. Experiments on various satellite datasets show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods. Our results show significant improvements over those from other models in terms of the multiple-target index values used to measure the spectral quality and spatial details of the generated images.