bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet secretion is kinetically heterogeneous in an agonist-responsive manner
Authors: Jonnalagadda Deepa , Izu Leighton T. , Whiteheart Sidney W.
Published: October 2012

Platelets release numerous bioactive molecules stored in their granules enabling them to exert a wide range of effects on the vascular microenvironment. Are these granule cargo released thematically in a context-specific pattern or via a stochastic, kinetically controlled process? Here we sought to describe the platelet exocytosis using a systematic examination of platelet secretion kinetics. Platelets were stimulated for increasing times with different agonists (ie, thrombin, PAR1-agonist, PAR4-agonist, and convulxin) and micro-ELISA arrays were used to quantify the release of 28 distinct α-granule cargo molecules. Agonist potency directly correlated with the speed and extent of release. PAR4-agonist induced slower release of fewer molecules, whereas thrombin rapidly induced the greatest release. Cargo with opposing actions (eg, proangiogenic and antiangiogenic) had similar release profiles, suggesting limited thematic response to specific agonists. From the release time-course data, rate constants were calculated and used to probe for underlying patterns. Probability density function and operator variance analyses were consistent with 3 classes of release events, differing in their rates. The distribution of cargo into these 3 classes was heterogeneous, suggesting that platelet secretion is a stochastic process potentially controlled by several factors, such as cargo solubility, granule shape, and/or granule-plasma membrane fusion routes.
Matrix metalloproteases and PAR1 activation
Authors: Austin Karyn M. , Covic Lidija , Kuliopulos Athan
Published: October 2012

Cardiovascular diseases, including atherothrombosis, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, Europe, and the developed world. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) have recently emerged as important mediators of platelet and endothelial function, and atherothrombotic disease. Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is classically activated through cleavage of the N-terminal exodomain by the serine protease thrombin. Most recently, 2 MMPs have been discovered to have agonist activity for PAR1. Unexpectedly, MMP-1 and MMP-13 cleave the N-terminal exodomain of PAR1 at noncanonical sites, which result in distinct tethered ligands that activate G-protein signaling pathways. PAR1 exhibits metalloprotease-specific signaling patterns, known as biased agonism, that produce distinct functional outputs by the cell. Here we contrast the mechanisms of canonical (thrombin) and noncanonical (MMP) PAR1 activation, the contribution of MMP-PAR1 signaling to diseases of the vasculature, and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting MMP-PAR1 signaling with MMP inhibitors, including atherothrombotic disease, in-stent restenosis, heart failure, and sepsis.
Detection of nitrogen deficiency QTL in juvenile wild barley introgression linesgrowing in a hydroponic system
Authors: Hoffmann Astrid , Maurer Andreas , Pillen Klaus
Published: October 2012

Background

In this report we studied the genetic regulation of juvenile development of wildbarley introgression lines (S42ILs) under two contrasting hydroponic nitrogen (N)supplies. Ten shoot and root related traits were examined among 42 S42ILs and therecurrent parent ‘Scarlett’. The traits included tiller number, leafnumber, plant height, leaf and root length, leaf to root length ratio, shoots androot dry weight, shoot to root weight ratio, and chlorophyll content. Our aimswere (1) to test the suitability of a hydroponic system for early detection offavourable S42ILs, (2) to locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control theexamined traits, (3) to identify favourable wild barley alleles that improve traitperformances in regard to N treatment and, finally, (4) to validate the identifiedQTL through comparison with previously reported QTL originating from the sameparental cross.

Results

The phenotypic data were analysed in a mixed model association study to detectQTL. The post-hoc Dunnett test identified 28 S42ILs that revealed significant(P < 0.01) effects for at least one trait. Forty-three, 41 and 42S42ILs revealed effects across both N treatments, under low N and under high Ntreatment, respectively. Due to overlapping or flanking wild barley introgressionsof the S42ILs, these associations were summarised to 58 QTL. In total, 12 QTL ofthe hydroponic N study corresponded to QTL that were also detected in field trialswith adult plants of a similar S42IL set or of the original S42 population. Forinstance, S42IL-135, -136 and -137, revealed increasing Hsp effects fortiller number, leaf number, leaf length, plant height and leaf to root ratio onthe long arm of chromosome 7H. These QTL correspond to QTL for ears per plant andplant height that were previously detected in field trials conducted with the sameS42ILs or with the S42 population.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that the QTL we identified under hydroponic N cultivationpartly correspond to QTL detected in field experiments. Due to this finding,screening of plants in early developmental stages grown in a hydroponic system maybe a fast and cost effective method for early QTL detection and marker-assistedallelic selection, potentially speeding up elite barley breeding programs.
Variation in endogenous oxidative stress in Escherichia coli natural isolates during growth in urine
Authors: Aubron Cecile , Glodt Jeremy , Matar Corine , Huet Olivier , Borderie Didier , Dobrindt Ulrich , Duranteau Jacques , Denamur Erick , Conti Marc , Bouvet Odile
Published: October 2012

Background

Uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli cause symptomatic infections whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) strains are well adapted for growth in the human urinary tract, where they establish long-term bacteriuria. Human urine is a very complex growth medium that could be perceived by certain bacteria as a stressful environment. To investigate a possible imbalance between endogenous oxidative response and antioxidant mechanisms, lipid oxidative damage estimated as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was evaluated in twenty-one E. coli belonging to various pathovars and phylogenetic groups. Antioxidant defense mechanisms were also analysed.

Results

During exponential growth in urine, TBARS level differs between strains, without correlation with the ability to grow in urine which was similarly limited for commensal, ABU and uropathogenic strains. In addition, no correlation between TBARS level and the phylogroup or pathogenic group is apparent. The growth of ABU strain 83972 was associated with a high level of TBARS and more active antioxidant defenses that reduce the imbalance.

Conclusions

Our results indicate that growth capacity in urine is not a property of ABU strains. However, E. coli isolates respond very differently to this stressful environment. In strain ABU 83972, on one hand, the increased level of endogenous reactive oxygen species may be responsible for adaptive mutations. On the other hand, a more active antioxidant defense system could increase the capacity to colonize the bladder.
Phase I trial of split-dose induction docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) chemotherapy followed by curative surgery combined with postoperative radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (TISOC-1)
Authors: Oertel Katrin , Spiegel Karin , Schmalenberg Harald , Dietz Andreas , Maschmeyer Georg , Kuhnt Thomas , Sudhoff Holger , Wendt Thomas G , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: October 2012

Background

Induction chemotherapy (ICT) with docetaxel, cisplatin and fluorouracil (TPF) followed by radiotherapy is an effective treatment option for unresectable locally advanced head and neck cancer. This phase I study was designed to investigate the safety and tolerability of a split-dose TPF ICT regimen prior to surgery for locally advanced resectable oral and oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods

Patients received TPF split on two dosages on day 1 and 8 per cycle for one or three 3-week cycles prior to surgery and postoperative radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy. Docetaxel was escalated in two dose levels, 40 mg/m2 (DL 0) and 30 mg/m2 (DL −1), plus 40 mg/m2 cisplatin and 2000 mg/m2 fluorouracil per week using a 3 +3 dose escalation algorithm.

Results

Eighteen patients were enrolled and were eligible for toxicity and response. A maximum tolerated dose of 30 mg/m2 docetaxel per week was reached. The most common grade 3+ adverse event was neutropenia during ICT in 10 patients. Surgery reached R0 resection in all cases. Nine patients (50%) showed complete pathologic regression.

Conclusions

A split-dose regime of TPF prior to surgery is feasible, tolerated and merits additional investigation in a phase II study with a dose of 30 mg/m docetaxel per week.

Trial registration number

NCT01108042 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier)
L-DOPA decarboxylase mRNA expression is associated with tumor stage and size in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Geomela Panagiota-Aikaterini , Kontos Christos K , Yiotakis Ioannis , Fragoulis Emmanuel G , Scorilas Andreas
Published: October 2012

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies worldwide. The DDC gene encodes L-DOPA decarboxylase, an enzyme catalyzing the decarboxylation of L-DOPA to dopamine. We have recently shown that DDC mRNA is a significant predictor of patients’ prognosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma and prostate cancer. The aim of the current study was to analyze the DDC mRNA expression in HNSCC patients.

Methods

53 malignant tumors were resected from the larynx, pharynx, tongue, buccal mucosa, parotid glands, and nasal cavity, as well as from 34 adjacent non-cancerous tissues of HNSCC patients, and were homogenized. Total RNA was isolated and converted into first-strand cDNA. An ultrasensitive real-time PCR method based on the SYBR Green chemistry was used for DDC mRNA quantification in head and neck tissue specimens. Relative quantification was performed using the comparative Ct (2-ddCt) method.

Results

DDC mRNA levels were lower in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) of the larynx and tongue than in adjacent non-cancerous tissue specimens. Furthermore, low DDC mRNA expression was noticed in laryngeal and tongue tumors of advanced TNM stage or bigger size, compared to early-stage or smaller tumors, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between SCCs resected from pharynx, buccal mucosa, or nasal cavity, and their normal counterparts.

Conclusion

This is the first study examining the DDC mRNA expression in HNSCC. According to our results, DDC mRNA expression may constitute a potential prognostic biomarker in tongue and/or larynx SCCs, which principally represent the overwhelming majority of HNSCC cases.
Chotosan ameliorates cognitive and emotional deficits in an animal model of type 2 diabetes: possible involvement of cholinergic and VEGF/PDGF mechanisms in the brain
Authors: Zhao Qi , Niu Yimin , Matsumoto Kinzo , Tsuneyama Koichi , Tanaka Ken , Miyata Takeshi , Yokozawa Takako
Published: October 2012

Background

Diabetes is one of the risk factors for cognitive deficits such as Alzheimer’s disease. To obtain a better understanding of the anti-dementia effect of chotosan (CTS), a Kampo formula, we investigated its effects on cognitive and emotional deficits of type 2 diabetic db/db mice and putative mechanism(s) underlying the effects.

Methods

Seven-week-old db/db mice received daily administration of CTS (375 – 750 mg/kg, p.o.) and the reference drug tacrine (THA: 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) during an experimental period of 7 weeks. From the age of 9-week-old, the animals underwent the novel object recognition test, the modified Y-maze test, and the water maze test to elucidate cognitive performance and the elevated plus maze test to elucidate anxiety-related behavior. After completing behavioral studies, Western blotting and immunohistochemical studies were conducted.

Results

Compared with age-matched non-diabetic control strain (m/m) mice, db/db mice exhibited impaired cognitive performance and an increased level of anxiety. CTS ameliorated cognitive and emotional deficits of db/db mice, whereas THA improved only cognitive performance. The phosphorylated levels of Akt and PKCα in the hippocampus were significantly lower and higher, respectively, in db/db mice than in m/m mice. Expression levels of the hippocampal cholinergic marker proteins and the number of the septal cholinergic neurons were also reduced in db/db mice compared with those in m/m mice. Moreover, the db/db mice had significantly reduced levels of vasculogenesis/angiogenesis factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor type 2, platelet-derived growth factor-B, and PDGF receptor β, in the hippocampus. CTS and THA treatment reversed these neurochemical and histological alterations caused by diabetes.

Conclusion

These results suggest that CTS ameliorates diabetes-induced cognitive deficits by protecting central cholinergic and VEGF/PDGF systems via Akt signaling pathway and that CTS exhibits the anxiolytic effect via neuronal mechanism(s) independent of cholinergic or VEGF/PDGF systems in db/db mice.
Genetic diversity and recombination analysis of sweepoviruses from Brazil
Authors: Albuquerque Leonardo C , Inoue-Nagata Alice K , Pinheiro Bruna , Resende Renato O , Moriones Enrique , Navas-Castillo Jesús
Published: October 2012

Background

Monopartite begomoviruses (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) that infect sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) around the world are known as sweepoviruses. Because sweet potato plants are vegetatively propagated, the accumulation of viruses can become a major constraint for root production. Mixed infections of sweepovirus species and strains can lead to recombination, which may contribute to the generation of new recombinant sweepoviruses.

Results

This study reports the full genome sequence of 34 sweepoviruses sampled from a sweet potato germplasm bank and commercial fields in Brazil. These sequences were compared with others from public nucleotide sequence databases to provide a comprehensive overview of the genetic diversity and patterns of genetic exchange in sweepoviruses isolated from Brazil, as well as to review the classification and nomenclature of sweepoviruses in accordance with the current guidelines proposed by the Geminiviridae Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Co-infections and extensive recombination events were identified in Brazilian sweepoviruses. Analysis of the recombination breakpoints detected within the sweepovirus dataset revealed that most recombination events occurred in the intergenic region (IR) and in the middle of the C1 open reading frame (ORF).

Conclusions

The genetic diversity of sweepoviruses was considerably greater than previously described in Brazil. Moreover, recombination analysis revealed that a genomic exchange is responsible for the emergence of sweepovirus species and strains and provided valuable new information for understanding the diversity and evolution of sweepoviruses.
Increased Nociceptive Sensitivity and Nociceptin/Orphanin FQ Levels in a Rat Model of PTSD
Authors: Zhang Yong , Gandhi Priyam R , Standifer Kelly M
Published: October 2012

Background:

Clinical studies indicate that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) frequently shares co-morbidity with chronic pain. Although in animals acute stress-induced antinociception is well documented, the effect of PTSD-like stress on nociceptive sensitivity is unclear. Though a few studies measured nociceptive responses at a single time point, no studies have examined changes in nociceptive sensitivity over time following exposure to PTSD-like stress. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), an endogenous ligand for the N/OFQ peptide (NOP) receptor, modulates various biological functions in the central nervous system that are affected by PTSD, including nociceptive sensitivity, stress and anxiety, learning and memory.

Results:

The present study examined thermal and mechanical nociceptive sensitivity in male Sprague Dawley rats between 7 and 28 days after single-prolonged stress (SPS), an established animal model for PTSD. Rat paw withdrawal thresholds (PWT) to von Frey and paw withdrawal latencies (PWL) to radiant heat stimuli, respectively, dramatically decreased as early as 7 days after initiation of SPS and lasted the length of the study, 28 days. In addition, N/OFQ levels increased in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF; on days 9, 14 and 28) and serum (day 28), while levels of circulating corticosterone (CORT) decreased 28 days after initiation of SPS. SPS exposure induced anxiety-like behavior and enhanced inhibition of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, as previously reported for this model.

Conclusions:

Our results demonstrate that SPS induces the development of persistent mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia that is accompanied by increased N/OFQ content in the CSF, and eventually, in serum. These findings suggest a link between N/OFQ and the development of hyperalgesia and allodynia in a rat model of PTSD.
Influence of bilirubin photoisomers on unbound bilirubin measurement in clinical settings
Authors: Okada Hitoshi , Kusaka Takashi , Koyano Kaori , Koyano Kosuke , Kunikata Jun , Iwase Takashi , Yasuda Saneyuki , Isobe Kenichi , Itoh Susumu
Published: October 2012

Background

Measured unbound bilirubin concentration is influenced by bilirubin photoisomers. Bilirubin photoisomers are produced even with only a slight light exposure, and clinical samples are inevitably exposed to light. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of bilirubin photoisomers on the measurement of unbound bilirubin using serum of jaundiced neonates during blue light phototherapy.

Methods

Five neonates treated with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia were enrolled. The samples were taken 12 h after initiation of phototherapy. Samples were processed by irradiation with blue light, by indoor ceiling light, by both blue light and indoor ceiling light or shaded. Bilirubin subfractions, total bilirubin and unbound bilirubin were measured.

Results

Compared with the non-irradiated samples, the (EZ)-cyclobilirubin concentration and (ZE)-bilirubin/(ZZ)-bilirubin ratio significantly increased in the blue light-irradiated samples, the (ZE)-bilirubin/(ZZ)-bilirubin ratio significantly increased in the indoor ceiling light-irradiated samples, and the (EZ)-cyclobilirubin, (EZ)-bilirubin and (ZE)-bilirubin/(ZZ)-bilirubin ratio significantly increased in the samples irradiated with both lights. No change was noted in unbound bilirubin in any group.

Conclusions

We consider that changes in bilirubin photoisomers induced by light exposure during clinical practice do not influence the measured unbound bilirubin concentration.
Early results of real-time qualitative sonoelastography in the evaluation of parotid gland masses: A study with histopathological correlation
Authors: Celebi Irfan , Mahmutoglu Abdullah S
Published: October 2012

Background

Sonoelastography has been used to differentiate malignant from benign lesions in numerous types of tissues including breast, prostate, liver, blood vessels, thyroid, musculoskeletal structures, and salivary glands.

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy and application of real-time qualitative sonoelastography in the differentiation of benign and malignant focal parotid gland lesions.

Material and Methods

A total of 75 patients (36 boys/men, 39 girls/women; age range, 10–83 years) with 81 lesions were evaluated prospectively by sonoelastography performed and interpreted by two expert radiologists. The results of these experts classification and scoring of lesions according to relative stiffness of the mass were compared with each other and with histopathological findings. The interpretation of sonoelastography scores of 1–4 were as follows: 1, soft; 2, mostly soft; 3, mostly stiff; and 4, stiff.

Results

The kappa statistic of 0.508 (P <, 0.001) indicated moderate agreement between the two radiologists. The sonoelastography scores correctly diagnosed 30 of 49 benign tumors (sensitivity, 61.2%) and 19 of 32 malignant tumors (specificity, 59.4%). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve was 0.603. The diagnostic value of sonoelastography for evaluating pleomorphic adenomas, Warthin tumors, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and high-grade tumors was low, whereas the diagnostic rates for low-grade tumors such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, acinic cell carcinoma, and metastases of basal cell carcinoma were better with sonoelastography.

Conclusion

Although sonoelastography seems to be promising in the differentiating of low-grade malignancies, the primary role of radiology is currently limited to determination of localization, size, and morphology of parotid tumors.
Oncophagy: harnessing regulation of autophagy in cancer therapy
Authors: Gundara Justin S , Zhao JingTing , Robinson Bruce G , Sidhu Stan B
Published: October 2012

Autophagy is an increasingly well-characterised process of cell component auto-digestion and recycling thought necessary for cellular subsistence. As we gain a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying autophagy, its relevance to human disease and therapeutic potential are being clarified. This review summarises the evidence implicating autophagy in the pathogenesis and potential treatment of malignant disease. In addition, we explore the molecular role of microRNAs as key regulators in what we propose should now become known as ‘oncophagy’.
Stress-dependent and gender-specific neuroregulatory roles of the apelin receptor in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis response to acute stress
Authors: Newson M J F , Pope G R , Roberts E M , Lolait S J , O'Carroll A-M
Published: October 2012

The neuropeptide apelin is expressed in hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei and mediates its effects via activation of the apelin receptor (APJ). Evidence suggests a role for apelin and APJ in mediating the neuroendocrine response to stress. To understand the physiological role of APJ in regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, we measured ACTH and corticosterone (CORT) plasma levels in male and female mice lacking APJ (APJ knockout, APJ KO) and in wild-type controls, in response to a variety of acute stressors. Exposure to mild restraint, systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and forced swim (FS) stressors, elevated plasma ACTH and CORT levels in wild-type mice. Acute mild restraint significantly increased plasma ACTH and CORT to a similar level in APJ KO mice as in wild-type mice. However, an intact APJ was required for a conventional ACTH, but not CORT, response to LPS administration in male mice and to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in male and female mice. In contrast, APJ KO mice displayed an impaired CORT response to acute FS stress, regardless of gender. These data indicate that APJ has a role in regulation of the HPA axis response to some acute stressors and has a gender-specific function in peripheral immune activation of the HPA axis.
Dispensable, Redundant, Complementary, and Cooperative Roles of Dopamine, Octopamine, and Serotonin inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Chen Audrey , Ng Fanny , Lebestky Tim , Grygoruk Anna , Djapri Christine , Lawal Hakeem O , Zaveri Harshul A , Mehanzel Filmon , Najibi Rod , Seidman Gabriel , Murphy Niall P , Kelly Rachel L , Ackerson Larry C , Maidment Nigel T , Jackson F Rob , Krantz David E
Published: October 2012

To investigate the regulation of Drosophila melanogaster behavior by biogenic amines, we have exploited the broad requirement of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) for the vesicular storage and exocytotic release of all monoamine neurotransmitters. We used the Drosophila  VMAT (dVMAT) null mutant to globally ablate exocytotic amine release and then restored DVMAT activity in either individual or multiple aminergic systems, using transgenic rescue techniques. We find that larval survival, larval locomotion, and female fertility rely predominantly on octopaminergic circuits with little apparent input from the vesicular release of serotonin or dopamine. In contrast, male courtship and fertility can be rescued by expressing DVMAT in octopaminergic or dopaminergic neurons, suggesting potentially redundant circuits. Rescue of major aspects of adult locomotion and startle behavior required octopamine, but a complementary role was observed for serotonin. Interestingly, adult circadian behavior could not be rescued by expression of DVMAT in a single subtype of aminergic neurons, but required at least two systems, suggesting the possibility of unexpected cooperative interactions. Further experiments using this model will help determine how multiple aminergic systems may contribute to the regulation of other behaviors. Our data also highlight potential differences between behaviors regulated by standard exocytotic release and those regulated by other mechanisms.
Multiple-Trait Genomic Selection Methods Increase Genetic Value Prediction Accuracy
Authors: Jia Yi , Jannink Jean-Luc
Published: October 2012

Genetic correlations between quantitative traits measured in many breeding programs are pervasive. These correlations indicate that measurements of one trait carry information on other traits. Current single-trait (univariate) genomic selection does not take advantage of this information. Multivariate genomic selection on multiple traits could accomplish this but has been little explored and tested in practical breeding programs. In this study, three multivariate linear models (i.e., GBLUP, BayesA, and BayesCπ) were presented and compared to univariate models using simulated and real quantitative traits controlled by different genetic architectures. We also extended BayesA with fixed hyperparameters to a full hierarchical model that estimated hyperparameters and BayesCπ to impute missing phenotypes. We found that optimal marker-effect variance priors depended on the genetic architecture of the trait so that estimating them was beneficial. We showed that the prediction accuracy for a low-heritability trait could be significantly increased by multivariate genomic selection when a correlated high-heritability trait was available. Further, multiple-trait genomic selection had higher prediction accuracy than single-trait genomic selection when phenotypes are not available on all individuals and traits. Additional factors affecting the performance of multiple-trait genomic selection were explored.
Genetic Basis of a Violation of Dollo’s Law: Re-Evolution of Rotating Sex Combs inDrosophila bipectinata
Authors: Seher Thaddeus D , Ng Chen Siang , Signor Sarah A , Podlaha Ondrej , Barmina Olga , Kopp Artyom
Published: October 2012

Phylogenetic analyses suggest that violations of “Dollo’s law”—that is, re-evolution of lost complex structures—do occur, albeit infrequently. However, the genetic basis of such reversals has not been examined. Here, we address this question using the Drosophila sex comb, a recently evolved, male-specific morphological structure composed of modified bristles. In some species, sex comb development involves only the modification of individual bristles, while other species have more complex “rotated” sex combs that are shaped by coordinated migration of epithelial tissues. Rotated sex combs were lost in the ananassae species subgroup and subsequently re-evolved, ∼12 million years later, in Drosophila bipectinata and its sibling species. We examine the genetic basis of the differences in sex comb morphology between D. bipectinata and D. malerkotliana, a closely related species with a much simpler sex comb representing the ancestral condition. QTL mapping reveals that >50% of this difference is controlled by one chromosomal inversion that covers ∼5% of the genome. Several other, larger inversions do not contribute appreciably to the phenotype. This genetic architecture suggests that rotating sex combs may have re-evolved through changes in relatively few genes. We discuss potential developmental mechanisms that may allow lost complex structures to be regained.
Electrocardiogram Provides a Continuous Heart Rate Faster Than Oximetry During Neonatal Resuscitation
Authors: Katheria Anup , Rich Wade , Finer Neil
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the time required to obtain a continuous audible heart rate signal from an electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor and pulse oximeter (PO) in infants requiring resuscitation.

METHODS:

Infants who had both ECG and PO placed during resuscitation were analyzed using video and analog recordings. The median times from arrival until the ECG electrodes and PO sensor were placed, and the time to achieve audible tones from the devices, were compared.

RESULTS:

Forty-six infants had ECG and PO data. Thirty infants were very low birth weight (23–30 weeks). There was a difference in the median total time to place either device (26 vs 38 seconds; P = .04), and a difference (P < .001) in the time to achieve an audible heart rate signal after ECG lead (2 seconds) versus PO probe (24 seconds) placement. In infants weighing >1500 g (n = 16), the median time (interquartile range) to place the ECG was 20 seconds (14–43) whereas the time to place the PO was 36 seconds (28–56) (P = .74). The median times (interquartile range) to acquire a signal from the ECG and PO were 4 seconds (1–6) and 32 seconds (15–40, P = .001), respectively. During the first minutes of resuscitation, 93% of infants had an ECG heart rate compared with only 56% for PO.

CONCLUSIONS:

Early application of ECG electrodes during infant resuscitation can provide the resuscitation team with a continuous audible heart rate, and its use may improve the timeliness of appropriate critical interventions.
Cord Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and Allergic Disease During Infancy
Authors: Jones Anderson P. , Palmer Debra , Zhang Guicheng , Prescott Susan L.
Published: October 2012

OBJECTIVE:

There has been growing interest in vitamin D insufficiency as a predisposing factor for allergy development based on immunoregulatory properties and epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D exposure in utero and allergic outcomes in the first year of life.

METHODS:

Cord blood (CB) vitamin D was measured in 231 high-risk infants from an Australian prospective birth cohort. CB 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) concentration was analyzed in relation to maternal vitamin D intake and the development of infant eczema, allergen sensitization, and immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy.

RESULTS:

Maternal intake of supplemental vitamin D was significantly correlated with CB 25(OH)D3 concentration (ρ = 0.244, P = .003), whereas dietary vitamin D did not influence CB levels. There was significant seasonal variation in CB 25(OH)D3 concentration suggesting that sunlight exposure was an important determinant. Lower CB vitamin D status was observed in infants that developed eczema (P = .018), and eczema was significantly more likely in those with concentrations <50 nmol/L in comparison with those with concentrations ≥75 nmol/L (odds ratio 2.66; 95% confidence interval 1.24–5.72; P = .012). This association remained significant after adjustment for multiple confounding factors. The associations between CB 25(OH)D3 concentration and allergen sensitization, immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy, and eczema severity (SCORing Atopic Dermatitis) were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

Reduced vitamin D status in pregnancy may be a risk factor for the development of eczema in the first year of life, reinforcing the need to explore the role of vitamin D exposure during development for disease prevention.
Kiterjesztett abdominoperinealis rectumexstirpatiót követő gáttájéki rekonstrukció verticalis rectus abdominis myocutan (VRAM) lebennyel
Authors: Bognár Gábor , Novák András , István Gábor , Lóderer Zoltán , Ledniczky György , Ondrejka Pál
Published: October 2012

Absztrakt

Az anorectalis régió daganatai miatt végzett abdominoperinealis exstirpatiót (APE) követő perinealis sebgyógyulási zavarok komoly kihívást jelentenek a sebész számára. A sebgyógyulás körüli szövődmények csökkentését célzó sebészi lehetőségek közé tartozik a myocutan lebennyel való perinealis rekonstrukció is. Cikkünk irodalmi áttekintést nyújt az abdominoperinealis exstripatiót követő verticalis rectus abdominis myocutan (VRAM) lebennyel végzett perinealis rekonstrukciók eredményeiről. A kombinált neoadjuváns radio-kemoterápia elterjedése és a sebészi radikalitás kiterjesztésének lehetősége olyan kettős kockázattal jár, melynek csökkentésére hasznos lehetőség a colorectalis és a plasztikai sebész együttműködése.
Plasztikai sebészeti módszerek alkalmazása a nyelőcső helyreállításában
Authors: Pavlovics Gábor , Cseke László , Papp András , Horváth Örs Péter
Published: October 2012

Absztrakt

Bevezetés: A nyelőcső-rekonstrukció speciális, szövődményes eseteiben plasztikai sebészeti módszereket alkalmaztunk. Myocutan lebenyeket használtunk a nyaki nyelőcső partialis hiányainak pótlására, nyaki lágyrész-hiányok kitöltésére, valamint varratvonalak biztosítására. Mikrosebészeti technikát alkalmaztunk szabad jejunumgraft átültetéséhez és supercharged colonnal történő pótlásához. Beteganyag és módszer: 1998 és 2012 áprilisa között 5 esetben használtunk m. pectoralis major myocutan vagy izomlebenyt. 38 esetben mikrosebészeti technika felhasználásával rekonstruáltuk az oesophagust, 34 szabad jejunumgraftot és 4 „supercharged” colont alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: 23 primer helyreállítás történt pharyngo-laryngectomiát követően, 15 betegnél szekunder rekonstrukciót végeztünk korábbi pótlások szövődménye(i) vagy recidiváló tumor miatt. Tapasztalatainak bővülésével szabad jejunumgraftot használtunk a nyelőcső teljes thoracalis szakaszának pótlására is. Három graft necrotizált, kettő anastomosisthrombosis, egy MRSA-infekció következtében. Összefoglalás: Nyelőcsősebész és plasztikai sebész együttműködésével a nyelőcsőpótlás nehéz, szövődményes esetei is elfogadható szövődményaránnyal kezelhetők.
Centrális pancreatectomiával szerzett tapasztalataink
Authors: Kelemen Dezső , Papp Róbert , Cseke László , Horváth Örs Péter
Published: October 2012

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Bevezetés:A szerzők centrális pancreatectomia kapcsán nyert tapasztalataikról számolnak be, rövid irodalmi áttekintést is nyújtva.Anyag és módszerek:7 betegnél végeztek centrális pancreatectomiát benignus vagy alacsony malignitású daganat miatt, illetve egy esetben pancreasruptura volt az indikáció. Leggyakrabban alkalmazott technikájuk során a pancreas distalis részét Roux-kacsba szájaztatták, a proximalis metszlapot varratokkal zárták, majd jejunummal fedték.Eredmények:Összesen három szövődményük volt (37%), míg reoperációra nem került sor, beteget nem vesztettek el. A nyomon követés során sem az endocrin, sem az exocrin működésben károsodást nem észleltek.Következtetések:Megfelelő javallattal és technikával elvégezve a centrális pancreatectomia biztonságos műtét, és kiváló funkcionális eredménnyel jár.
A minimálisan invazív technika mint a mellékvese-sebészet „gold standardja”
Authors: Vereczkei András , Molnár Ádám , Horváth Örs Péter
Published: October 2012

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Bevezetés: A minimálisan invazív technika a mellékvese sebészetében világszerte „gold standard” módszernek számít. A szerzők másfél évtizedes gyakorlatukat retrospektíven elemezve vizsgálták műtéti jellemzőiket, történelmi kontrollcsoporthoz hasonlítva őket. Anyag és módszerek: Az áttekintett időszakban, 1997 és 2011 közt összesen 175 laparoscopos adrenalectomiát végeztek. Mindkét oldalon, a beteg oldalfekvő helyzetében, a transabdominalis lateralis megközelítést alkalmazták. Bal oldalon egy új „suprasplenicus” megközelítést vezettek be. A nagyméretű, 7 cm feletti elváltozások esetén kézzel asszisztált laparoscopos technikát alkalmaztak. Eredmények: A műtét laparoscopos módszerrel 77, hagyományosan 115 percig tartott átlagosan. Az eltávolított tumorok mérete a laparoscopos csoportban 3,1, a nyitottban 4,9 cm volt átlagosan. A legnagyobb méretű elváltozások hasonlóak voltak, viszont a laparoscopos csoportban a kisebb méretű tumorok gyakorisága nagyobb volt. Konverzió 15 esetben (8,6%) történt, legtöbbször vérzés miatt. A szövődményarány a laparoscopos csoportban 10,8%, a hagyományosban 24,6% volt. A hospitalizációs idő szignifikánsan rövidebb volt a minimálisan invazív technika esetén (4,5 vs. 8,1 nap). A laparoscopos csoportban 3 betegnél (1,7%) igazolódott váratlan, kisebb méretű primer malignitás, R0 módon eltávolítva. Következtetések: A laparoscopos technika minden benignus mellékvese-elváltozás eltávolítására alkalmazható, számos kedvező jellemzőt biztosító módszer. A metastasisok többsége kellő rutinnal és önmérséklettel e módszerrel szintén eltávolítható, onkológiai kompromisszum nélkül. A pre- és posztoperatív ellátás minőségének biztosításához az endokrinológiai kooperáció nélkülözhetetlen.
Bilateralis endoscopos thoracalis sympathectomia (ETS) palmaris és axillaris hyperhydrosis esetén – 22 eset összefoglalása. Egynapos sebészeti lehetőség a mellkassebészetben?
Authors: Kocsis Ákos , Agócs László , Kostic Szilárd , Lévay Bernadett , Török Klára , Rényi-Vámos Ferenc
Published: October 2012

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Bevezetés: Az ETS a mellüregben 2 porton keresztül végzett sympathectomia, diathermia és videothoracoscop segítségével. A szerzők gyakorlatukban 2 portos eljárást alkalmaztak, fél ülőhelyzetben, kétoldalon egy ülésben, mellkasi szívódrain visszahagyása nélkül. A szimpatikus lánc identifikálása után a megfelelő ganglionok eltávolításra kerülnek. Anyagok és módszerek: 2008. december és 2011. január között 22 beteget operáltunk meg kétoldali 2 portos VATS-val, a T2–T4 területen, félig ülő helyzetben palmaris és axillaris hyperhydrosis miatt. Eredményeink: A 22 páciens közül 5 férfi és 17 nő volt, átlagéletkoruk 39,9 (19–63 év között), átlagos műtéti idő 36,125 perc volt (30–61 perc). Következtetés: Posztoperatív szövődményünk nem volt, a két portos ETS, drain visszahagyása nélkül, egy biztos és jó módszer a tenyéri és hónalj izzadás megszüntetésére, akár egynapos sebészeti eljárás keretében is.
Az acut descendáló necrotizáló mediastinitis sebészi kezelése
Authors: Vágvölgyi Attila , Vadász Pál , Heiler Zoltán , Kas József , Fehér Csaba , Csekeő Attila , Zsikla Katalin , Rozgonyi Zsolt
Published: October 2012

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Bevezetés:Az acut descendáló necrotizáló mediastinitis (DNM) súlyos, a gátorüreg gyorsan progrediáló, széteső gyulladásával járó septicus folyamat, mely megfelelő sebészi kezelés nélkül, illetve a fel nem ismert esetekben akár 80%-os halálozással jár.Beteganyag, módszer:1999 és 2012 között az Országos Korányi Intézet és a Semmelweis Egyetem Mellkassebészeti Osztályán 17 beteget kezeltünk a fenti kórkép miatt. A fej-nyaki elsődleges septicus folyamat 8 esetben fogászati góc, 4 betegnél retro/parapharyngealis abscessus, 1 ismeretlen eredetű nyaki phlegmone, 2 tonsillaris tályog talaján alakult ki. 1 esetben az előzményben műtét (mediastinoscopia), 1 betegnél hasi műtét során „nehéz intubatio” (fel nem ismert tracheasérülés) szerepel. Az első feltárás 9 esetben történt nyaki, 4 esetben nyaki és thoracotomiás, 1 esetben csak thoracotomiás, 3 betegnél pedig az orofacialis régióban történő behatolásból. A folyamat kiterjedtsége sürgős CT-vizsgálattal volt megítélhető, ezt követően azonnali műtét történt.Eredmények:Négy beteg igényelt kétszeri feltárást, 5 betegnél háromszor, 3 betegnél négyszer történt exploratio. A műtétek 70%-ában kombinált, több régiót érintő feltárást végeztünk. Tapasztalataink alapján a prognózist befolyásolja az első orvosi észlelés és a sebészi beavatkozás között eltelt idő, a beteg kora és diabetes mellitus társbetegsége. Kilenc beteget vesztettünk el (53%), nyolc beteg gyógyult, tünetmentes (47%).Következtetések:A sikeres kezelés alapfeltétele a kórfolyamat időben történő felismerése, a primer ok sürgős megszüntetése, a cervicofacialis régió időben történő adekvát feltárása, debridement, nyaki és felső mediastinalis drainage. Ha a folyamat az azygos vena, illetve az aortaív szintje alá terjed, jobb oldali thoracotomiát kell végezni mediastinalis feltárással, kiterjesztett debridementtel, mellkasi szívó-öblítő drainek korrekt behelyezésével, széles spektrumú, illetve célzott antibiotikumok adásával, a septico-toxicus állapot kezelésével. Gyors és agresszív terápiával növelhető a gyógyult betegek aránya.
Características micromorfológicas de biótipos de capim‑arroz resistente e suscetível ao quinclorac
Authors: Ferreira Evander Alves , Concenço Germani , Galon Leandro , Delgado Marina Neves , Aspiazú Ignacio , Silva Alexandre Ferreira da , Ferreira Francisco Affonso , Meira Renata Maria Strozi Alves
Published: October 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do quinclorac nas características anatômicas de folhas e raízes de biótipos de capim‑arroz (Echinochloa spp.), resistente e suscetível a este herbicida, por meio de avaliações micromorfométricas. As plantas foram cultivadas em vasos de plástico com capacidade de 250 cm³. As imagens dos cortes foram obtidas com microscópio de luz equipado com sistema U‑Photo, acoplado à câmera digital conectada a microcomputador. Na seção transversal da lâmina foliar e das raízes, utilizou-se objetiva de 10X, tendo-se avaliado 20 cortes/campos por planta, com dez medições por corte e quatro repetições por tratamento. Observaram-se diferenças entre os biótipos resistente e suscetível, tanto na ausência quanto na presença do quinclorac. O biótipo resistente apresenta lâmina foliar pouco afetada pelo herbicida; no entanto, há modificação na constituição dos tecidos radiculares com a formação mais acentuada de aerênquima. O biótipo suscetível também apresenta formação de aerênquima quando tratado com o quinclorac, mas em quantidade inferior à observada no biótipo resistente.
Maturação e qualidade de uvas para suco em condições tropicais, nos primeiros ciclos de produção
Authors: Ribeiro Thalita Passos , Lima Maria Auxiliadora Coêlho de , Alves Ricardo Elesbão
Published: October 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a maturação e a qualidade das uvas das cultivares Isabel Precoce e BRS Cora, enxertadas sobre 'IAC 572', para a determinação do ponto de colheita. O experimento foi realizado no Vale do Submédio São Francisco, nos ciclos de produção de novembro de 2009 a março de 2010 e de junho a setembro de 2010, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições constituídas por cinco cachos. Os cachos foram coletados, periodicamente, a partir do início da maturação, que correspondeu, na 'Isabel Precoce', aos 54, 61, 68, 71, 74 e 77 dias após a frutificação (DAF), no primeiro ciclo, e aos 49, 56, 63, 67, 71, 74 e 77 DAF, no segundo. Na 'BRS Cora', os cachos foram coletados aos 61, 68, 71, 74, 77 e 82 DAF, no primeiro ciclo, e aos 53, 60, 65, 70, 74 e 78 DAF, no segundo. As uvas de 'BRS Cora' são mais ácidas do que as de 'Isabel Precoce'; porém, apresentam maiores teores de sólidos solúveis e de açúcares solúveis. O ponto de colheita da 'Isabel Precoce' ocorreu aos 77 DAF, em ambos os períodos de produção; na 'BRS Cora', ocorreu aos 82 DAF, no primeiro semestre, e foi antecipado em quatro dias no segundo.
Producción y propiedades químicas del caucho en clones de Hevea según los estados fenológicos
Authors: Silva Juliano Quarteroli , Scaloppi Júnior Erivaldo José , Moreno Rogério Manoel Biagi , Souza Gilberto Batista de , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza , Scarpare Filho João Alexio
Published: October 2012

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el desempeño productivo y el contenido de macronutrientes del caucho extraído de cuatro clones de Hevea brasiliensis, en diferentes sistemas de sangría y estados fenológicos de las plantas. El experimento fue realizado en los años agrícolas de 2010 y 2011, en diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar, en parcelas subdivididas, con cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos principales - clones GT 1, PB 235, IAN 873 e RRIM 600 - fueron ubicados en las parcelas, y los subtratamientos, que fueron los sistemas de sangría ½S d/2, ½S d/4 ET 2,5% y ½S d/7 ET 2,5%, se ubicaron en las subparcelas. Las variables analizadas fueron producción y contenido de macronutrientes. Las muestras fueron obtenidas en los estados fenológicos de brotación foliar, hojas maduras y senescencia foliar. La producción y los contenidos de macronutrientes del caucho son más influenciados por la práctica de sangría que por el material genético en los estados fenológicos más restrictivos para el follaje de caucho.
Abordagem bayesiana multivariada para características de crescimento, fertilidade e escores visuais de rebanhos da raça Brangus
Authors: Araújo Ronyere Olegário de , Marcondes Cintia Righetti , Everling Dionéia Magda , Weber Tomás , Lopes Jader Silva , Garnero Analía del Valle , Gunski Ricardo José , Rorato Paulo Roberto Nogara
Published: October 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar parâmetros genéticos e tendências genéticas e fenotípicas de uma população da raça Brangus. As características peso, circunferência escrotal e escores visuais de conformação, precocidade, musculatura e umbigo, padronizadas para 550 dias de idade, foram avaliadas a partir de 6.789 registros de animais nascidos de 288 touros e 5.949 vacas, entre 1991 e 2001, em 49 fazendas localizadas nas regiões Centro‑Oeste, Sudeste e Sul do Brasil. Para a estimação dos parâmetros, das correlações e das tendências genéticas, foi adotado o modelo animal linear‑limiar hexacaracterística. As estimativas de herdabilidade direta foram de 0,39 e 0,27, para peso e circunferência escrotal, respectivamente, e de 0,22, 0,20, 0,23 e 0,33 para conformação, precocidade, musculatura e umbigo, o que indica considerável variação genética aditiva e que é possível obter ganho genético por meio da seleção. As correlações genéticas entre peso e circunferência escrotal com os escores de conformação, precocidade e musculatura mostram a possibilidade de resposta correlacionada. As tendências genéticas estimadas indicam grande contribuição de fontes de variação não genéticas para todas as características no período estudado, e apontam a necessidade de melhoria das condições ambientais, para que os animais expressem todo seu potencial genético.
Genetic diversity of cultivated accessions and wild species of rubber tree using EST‑SSR markers
Authors: Perseguini Juliana Morini Küpper Cardoso , Romão Lineu Roberto de Castro , Briñez Boris , Scaloppi Junior Erivaldo José , Gonçalves Paulo de Souza , Benchimol Luciana Lasry
Published: October 2012

The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of EST‑SSR markers in the assessment of the genetic diversity of rubber tree genotypes (Hevea brasiliensis) and to verify the transferability of these markers for wild species of Hevea. Forty‑five rubber tree accessions from the Instituto Agronômico (Campinas, SP, Brazil) and six wild species were used. Information provided by modified Roger's genetic distance were used to analyze EST‑SSR data. UPGMA clustering divided the samples into two major groups with high genetic differentiation, while the software Structure distributed the 51 clones into eight groups. A parallel could be established between both clustering analyses. The 30 polymorphic EST‑SSRs showed from two to ten alleles and were efficient in amplifying the six wild species. Functional EST‑SSR microsatellites are efficient in evaluating the genetic diversity among rubber tree clones and can be used to translate the genetic differences among cultivars and to fingerprint closely related materials. The accessions from the Instituto Agronômico show high genetic diversity. The EST‑SSR markers, developed from Hevea brasiliensis, show transferability and are able to amplify other species of Hevea.