bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Kemaritiman
Authors: Tjiptabudy Jantje , Angga La Ode , Latupono Barzah
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Indigenous people who live on small islands are quite large in number compared to the available natural resources. So it can be said that it is not enough to meet the basic needs of indigenous peoples, for a certain period of time. Therefore, the idea was born to create legal regulations that could regulate and organize all the potential of marine and maritime resources so that they could be used wisely.Purposes of the Research:  to formulate the formulation of a Marine and Maritime Resources Management Model in Central Maluku Regency.Methods of the Research: This research was conducted using an empirical juridical approach which is a descriptive qualitative analysis study.  The research seeks to describe the Marine and Maritime Resource Management Model in Central Maluku Regency. The way the empirical juridical or sociological juridical method works in this research proposal is from the results of collecting and finding data and information through literature study of the basic assumptions or presumptions used in answering the problems in this research, then inductive-verification testing is carried out on the latest facts available. exists in society, thus the truth in a study has been declared reliable without having to go through a rationalization process.Results of the Research: To minimize conflicts and disputes that occur in the marine and maritime customary rights community, there must be a formulation of a model for regulating marine and maritime management in Central Maluku Regency involving all cuttings holders.
Kepastian Hukum Sema Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Terhadap Pencatatan Perkawinan Antar-Agama Dalam Bingkai Kebhinnekaan Indonesia
Authors: Fenecia Evelyn , Agustini Shenti , Fitri Winda
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Religious diversity in Indonesia has led to the practice of interfaith marriages, resulting in legal uncertainty. On July 17, 2023, the Supreme Court issued Circular Letter No. 2 of 2023 (SEMA 2/2023) to provide guidance to judges on adjudicating requests for the registration of interfaith marriages.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the implementation of SEMA No. 2 of 2023 concerning the registration of interfaith marriages within the framework of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika in Indonesia.Methods of the Research: The legal research method used is normative/doctrinal, with a qualitative research approach that includes legislative analysis of relevant regulations and conceptual analysis using legal theories related to the study.Results of the Research: The study reveals that SEMA 2/2023 provides legal certainty consistent with Indonesia's religious diversity and the Bhinneka Tunggal Ika motto. However, some judges continue to approve requests for the registration of interfaith marriages even after the issuance of SEMA, as evidenced by Decision No. 423/Pdt.P/2023/PN Jkt.Utr dated August 8, 2023. Thus, SEMA 2/2023 is insufficient to address the legal uncertainty surrounding interfaith marriages in Indonesia, despite its alignment with the spirit of Bhinneka Tunggal Ika. Legal harmonization across various regulations is needed to achieve the desired legal certainty.
Metodologia ativa no aprendizado de primeiros socorros pediátricos na comunidade de Três Poços:
Authors: Tomaz Maria Vitoria da Silva , Medeiros Helena Maia Ferreira de Paula , Alves Laisa da Silva , Leite Larissa Azevêdo Freire , Teixeira Laura Barcellos Netto , Bogoni Luana de Sousa , Novais Marcela Annechino , Silva Rodolfo Guimarães
Published: July 2024

O Projeto de Extensão Criança Segura tem o intuito de instruir os acadêmicos de medicina a propagarem educação em saúde à comunidade local de Três Poços, de forma a alcançar um número considerável de indivíduos e, consequentemente, disseminar informações referentes aos primeiros socorros pediátricos. O presente artigo objetiva descrever como esse projeto acontece, tratar de aspectos técnicos e metodológicos, além de trazer a experiência pessoal de seus realizadores. O projeto consiste em uma modalidade ativa de educação em saúde, na qual os estudantes informam a população acerca dos riscos do engasgo após passarem por treinamentos teórico e prático. Para isso, ocorre um processo seletivo baseado em uma prova teórica e, posteriormente, treinamento teórico e prático, no qual são usadas ferramentas, como manequins adultos e infantis. Então, os estudantes tornam-se aptos a realizar intervenções na Policlínica e Unidade Básica de Saúde do UniFOA, ocasiões em que os alunos, através da metodologia ativa, fazem uma explanação teórica sobre à comunidade e são entregues cartilhas referentes aos primeiros socorros pediátricos. A dinâmica possui foco na área de prevenção de acidentes e primeiros socorros essenciais voltado para faixa etária pediátrica. O projeto divide-se em três etapas: processo seletivo, treinamentos com conteúdo prático e teórico e intervenções realizadas pelos estudantes na Policlínica de Três Poços Doutor Professor Andre Sarmento Bianco. As autoras percebem o impacto positivo que o projeto proporciona para os estudantes e para a população. Projeto aingiu mais de 300 ouvintes e obteve êxito na propagação de informações a respeito de primeiros socorros pediátricos.
Abordagem da demência na estratégia da Saúde da Família
Authors: Tahan Alves de Oliveira Silva Icaro , Corrêa Gevisiez Eduardo , Lin Guo Hong Luiz , Tavares de Oliveira Jennifer , Vieira de Santana Bento Perez Fernanda , De Souza Junqueira Rafael , Kersten Lopes Costa Bernardo , Silva Soares Marins Walkiria
Published: July 2024

A demência é uma condição neurológica debilitante que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, representando um desafio significativo para os sistemas de saúde e para a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos e suas famílias. A detecção precoce da demência é crucial para garantir intervenções oportunas e apropriadas que possam retardar a progressão da doença, proporcionar suporte adequado e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Neste artigo, realizamos uma revisão narrativa da literatura para destacar a importância do diagnóstico da demência na atenção primária em saúde. A metodologia empregada neste estudo envolveu uma análise abrangente de estudos e artigos relevantes que abordam o tema em questão para demonstrar a relevância do diagnóstico precoce da demência e seu impacto na vida dos pacientes e das pessoas ao seu redor.Na atenção primária em saúde, os profissionais têm um papel crucial na detecção precoce da demência. O diagnóstico precoce permite o acesso a tratamentos medicamentosos e não medicamentosos que podem ajudar a retardar a progressão da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida do paciente. Além disso, o diagnóstico precoce da demência oferece a oportunidade de planejar o futuro do paciente, incluindo questões relacionadas ao cuidado e à gestão da saúde. Isso permite que os pacientes e suas famílias tomem decisões informadas sobre o cuidado a longo prazo, incluindo opções de moradia, assistência médica e financeira. Em conclusão, este estudo destaca a importância do diagnóstico precoce da demência na atenção primária em saúde. A detecção precoce não só beneficia os pacientes, permitindo o acesso a tratamentos e cuidados adequados, mas também tem um impacto significativo nas famílias e cuidadores, proporcionando o suporte necessário para enfrentar os desafios associados à doença. Investir em programas de rastreamento e educação para profissionais de saúde é fundamental para melhorar os resultados para indivíduos afetados pela demência e suas famílias.
The domperidone dilemma in Pakistan: Balancing access and safety concerns
Authors: Umer Ahmed , Hassan Zain , Mehboob Mamin
Published: July 2024

Madam,
Domperidone is used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting as an antiemetic and prokinetic drug. Its pro-kinetic effects mainly manifest in the upper gastrointestinal tract by acting as a dopamine receptor antagonist [1]. However, the drug has been banned by the FDA in the USA due to its association with cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. A recent meta-analysis has shown a statistically significant association between sudden cardiac death [2] and the use of domperidone which raises the question of drug usage in Pakistan as an over-the-counter medication.
The meta-analysis considers six different case-control studies, between 2005 and 2016, that have shown an increase in the risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias associated with domperidone. The observational studies were conducted in North America, Asia, and Europe, proving that it is a global phenomenon, stemming from the use of the drug. The forest plot of the studies has been mentioned later in the abstract showing heterogeneity at 0%, OR ratio 1.69 with 95% CI (1.46-1.95).
To further highlight the risks associated with domperidone, another study has reported that the safety index of the drug is 5.25, which is remarkably lower than the international safety ratio of 30[3]. The safety index, or therapeutic index, is the ratio of the toxic dose in 50% of the population (TD50) and the effective dose in 50% of the population (ED50) with the same therapeutic effect. A wider safety index indicates more room for error in the drug's therapeutic effect; essentially a larger barrier before the drug is toxic. With a safety index of 5.25, the action potential duration is markedly increased, resulting in arrhythmias. The author also comments on restricting the drug only to patients where the potential benefit is proven to justify the risks.
In Pakistan, Domperidone is readily available as an over-the-counter drug. The casual availability raises the concern that the associated safety issues must be critically evaluated to determine whether the uses of the drug outweigh the risk of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias [4] mentioned in these studies.
Probing liver function test patterns in covid-19 pneumonia: implications for disease severity assessment
Authors: Khemchandani Ajit Kumar , Shaikh Hafeezullah , Khemchandani Manisha
Published: July 2024

Objective: To explore the incidence of liver function test derangement, the precise patterns of derangement, and their relationship with coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia severity.
Method: The retrospective study was conducted at the Dow University Hospital and the Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Karachi, and comprised consecutive data from December 16, 2020, to March 16, 2021, of adults of either gender who had nasal swabs positive for coronavirus disease-2019 on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Data regarding patients' demographics, co-morbidities, addictions, laboratory results, and standard information was retrieved from electronic and manual records. The severity of the disease was determined based on World Health Organisation protocols. Data was analysed using SPSS 23.
Results: Of the 344 patients, 235(68.3%) were males and 109(31.7%) were females. The overall mean age was 54.58±14.75 years, 187(54.4%) had severe coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia and 157(45.6%) had non-severe disease at the time of admission. There was a significant prevalence of both mixed and cholestatic patterns of liver function test abnormality among the cases (p=0.046). The presence of a mixed pattern was linked to the disease severity (p<0.05). Advanced age and hypertension were significant risk factors for the development of severe coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia (p<0.001 & p = 0.002).
Conclusion: Liver function test abnormality and coronavirus disease-2019 pneumonia severity were fund to have a significant relationship.
Key Words: SARS CoV-2, COVID-19-pneumonia, Liver function test, Pattern of LFT abnormality, Severe COVID pneumonia.
Zolpidem’s insidious potential of abuse: A word of caution
Authors: Husnain Ali , Qadeer Abdul , Tanvir Khadija , Nadeem Arsalan
Published: July 2024

To the Editor,
Zolpidem is a sedative-hypnotic drug with a binding site similar to benzodiazepines (BZ) and is commonly used in the treatment of insomnia. Initial clinical trials have demonstrated promising results, and the drug was marketed because of its efficacy, low dependence risk, and safer profile.1,2,3
However, several studies have highlighted a serious concern about the misuse of non-BZ drugs, demonstrating that the usage of zolpidem is associated with complex sleep behaviours, including somnambulism, falls with serious injuries, motor vehicle accidents, attempted suicide, inability to recall actions taken while asleep, and even death in a few cases.3 The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has brought attention to this concern with a boxed warning.3
One peculiar side effect of zolpidem is euphoria and a state of being high. A 2007 network study spotlighted this effect of zolpidem in several instances of drug abuse when a population group consumed the substance for stimulation, feelings of well-being and euphoria, anxiolysis, and sexual disinhibition.2
More recently, a 2022 case study reported this paradoxical effect in a 23-year-old female who was prescribed zolpidem for trouble with sleeping but later discovered the euphoric effects of the drug by chance, which led to her ingesting increasing doses, ultimately resulting in dependence, withdrawal symptoms, depressive mood, and even suicide attempts.4 With prolonged use, mania, delusions, and withdrawal seizures have been reported as well.3
These alarming findings raise a more serious issue: are the existing laws sufficient to protect the public from zolpidem abuse and its harmful side effects?
Pakistan is among the nations that frequently utilize zolpidem as it is easily available without prescription and supervision. Zolpidem could be a new alternative for drug abusers or a first drug abuse case for first-time users.5 Unchecked use of such drugs is a result of a lack of awareness about their negative effects, stigma surrounding mental health, lack of rehabilitation facilities, unhealthy lifestyles, and poor sleep hygiene.
The Drug Regulatory Authority of Pakistan (DRAP) has issued a drug safety alert urging registration holders to update the safety specification of zolpidem-containing drugs by including information related to complex sleep behaviour in the warning and precautions, information related to contraindications in patients who have experienced complex sleep behaviours after taking these drugs in the past, and to create a boxed warning in accordance with the FDA format.
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Evaluation of lumbar core stability among club level cricket bowlers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hafsa  , Sabahat Butt  , Amna Imran  , Moazzam Ali  , Zara Khalid  , Hafiz Ali Bin Asim
Published: July 2024

Objective: To evaluate the lumbar core stability in club-level cricket bowlers.
Method: The descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad in Pakistan from July 15 to December 10, 2022, after approval from the ethics review board Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, and comprised male, club-level, hard-ball cricket bowlers aged 18-24 years. Data was collected through a self-structured demographic sheet, and core stability was assessed using McGill Torso Muscle Endurance Test Battery. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.
Results: There were 296 male subjects with a mean age of 20.1±1.77 years. Of them, 90(30.4%) bowlers had good lumbar flexion-to-extension ratio and 206(69.6%) had poor ratio. Lateral endurance test of right-to-left side-bridge ratio showed 71(24%) players in the good category, and 225(76%) in the poor category. The ratio of right lateral endurance to lumbar extensor was good in 55(18.6%) and poor in 241(81.4%) subjects. The ratio of left lateral endurance to lumbar extensor endurance was good in 40(13.5%) players and poor in 256(86.5%).
Conclusion: Lumbar core stability was found to be quite poor among club-level cricket bowlers of Rawalpindi and Islamabad.
Key Words: Athletes, Core stability, Cricket, Bowlers, Sport.
Addressing the Thalassemia Burden in Pakistan: The urgent need for a mandate on premarital screening
Authors: Abu Bakar Bhura Shumaila , Badar Khan Waniya
Published: July 2024

Dear Editor,
Hemoglobinopathies are the most common recessively inherited single-gene genetic disorders around the world. Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that can be prevented. It has a high incidence rate in Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian populations, making it the most prevalent genetic blood disorder globally.(1)  The high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies is a significant public health concern. Pakistan has an estimated 10 million carriers of B-Thalassemia, with 5-7% carrier rate.(2) Every year, around 5000 children are diagnosed with B-Thalassemia major. Poverty, early marriages, consanguinity, limited awareness, rapid population growth, insufficient healthcare resources, and the scarcity of safe blood supplies exacerbate this issue.
Practical strategies for mitigating the thalassemia burden have been implemented worldwide, providing healthcare professionals and the public with accurate information, counseling families, and premarital screening. Thalassemia screening before marriage has proven to be successful in other regions. In the MENA region, various countries have implemented premarital screening programs to prevent hemoglobinopathies and viral infections, proving immensely successful.(3) In Saudi Arabia, a reduction of over 70% in the prevalence of B-Thalassemia was documented six years after the introduction of the premarital screening program.(4) Similarly, a premarital screening program in Kuwait prevented the marriage of 50.4% of couples at risk over eleven years by issuing unsafe marriage certificates.(5) The success of premarital thalassemia screening programs in other countries is a testament to the potential of preventive measures. These international examples offer valuable insights on how Pakistan can alleviate the burden of thalassemia within its population. While increasing awareness among parents and families is crucial, a more comprehensive approach is necessary. Pakistan must focus on preventing the disease and introduce strict laws mandating premarital screening nationwide.
Given the gravity of the thalassemia crisis in Pakistan and the proven success of premarital screening in other regions, the imperative for a nationwide mandate on premarital thalassemia screening cannot be overstated. Such legislation has the potential to substantially reduce the incidence of thalassemia by identifying carrier couples early in their relationship, thereby preventing high-risk marriages. By enacting and enforcing these laws, Pakistan can proactively address the root causes of this health issue and pave the way for a healthier and more informed future.
Once-weekly Insulin Icodec – An emerging treatment option for type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zahra Rubab , Fasiha Tariq  , Mushood Ahmed
Published: July 2024

The treatment of diabetes often necessitates the administration of exogenous insulin, but research shows that patients are less compliant with administering insulin daily. The main hurdle comprises the frequent need for insulin injections, anxiety linked with self-injection, and the intricacy of timing one’s insulin administration. Considering that recurrent insulin injections can result in resistance, administering once weekly insulin icodec instead of once daily glargine U100 can be one of the suitable alternatives to handle this problem. Insulin codec, a basal insulin analogue administered subcutaneously with a half-life of approximately one week, takes three to four weeks to reach a steady state and has been proven efficacious in patients with type 2 diabetes. [1]
A few months ago, the results of the 78-week randomized clinical trial were published. The trial enrolled 492 patients, each in the icodec and glargine U100 groups, who were not treated with insulin previously. The levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) play a very important role in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and this study showed a significant decrease in HbA1c levels with icodec as compared to the patients who received once-daily glargine. For people taking non-insulin glucose-lowering agents such as glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporters-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, the concurrent use of icodec was more effective than glargine U100. [2] However, it is important to mention that insulin icodec was associated with slight weight gain. Regarding hypoglycemic episodes, icodec was linked with level 1 hypoglycemia but surprisingly played a protective level against level 2 or 3 nocturnal hypoglycemia. So, overall, the risk of serious hypoglycemic events was not a major concern with this therapy. Other adverse events, including injection site reactions and hypersensitivity reactions, were not reported. [3] Another interesting observation was the reduction in bolus insulin need over time as compared to glargine U100. Once weekly insulin administration showed such better basal insulin coverage that the requirement of bolus insulin was reduced making it a better option altogether. [4]
The growing evidence suggests that insulin icodec can prove effective in the management of type 2 diabetes. Once-weekly administration can improve patient compliance while leading to better glycemic control and a greater time in range (TIR) with no severe hypoglycemic risk as compared to once-daily glargine. Taking into consideration the above facts, it is vital to give insulin icodec a chance in treatment of diabetes mellitus for the betterment of patient care. [5]
Fezolinetant- A novel NK3R antagonist for treating postmenopausal vasomotor symptoms
Authors: Saqib Ali  , Muhammad Affan Ilyas
Published: July 2024

Madam,
It has been estimated that up to 80% of postmenopausal women experience vasomotor symptoms (VMS) such as hot flushes, night sweats, mood swings and difficulty in concentrating1. These symptoms markedly affect different aspects of daily life for women, including, sleep, mental well-being, sex, interpersonal communication and overall quality of life (QOL). Furthermore, they cause a significant burden on healthcare and workplace productivity.
Hormone therapy (HT), involving combined estrogen and progesterone or estrogen alone, is the standard management for VMS associated with menopause. However, safety and tolerability issues have discouraged the use of HT, due to the associated  risk of breast cancer, stroke and venous thromboembolism2.  Alternative treatments, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), clonidine, gabapentin, and herbal remedies, have demonstrated limited effectiveness with undesirable side effects like sedation and nausea3.
This situation warrants a safe and  effective non-hormonal therapy for managing menopause-associated VMS. Neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) antagonists offer a unique therapeutic approach with minimal adverse effects (AEs). This class of drugs functions by inhibiting the stimulation of KNDy neurons, thereby restoring the normal function of the thermoregulatory centre, which is altered by reduced estrogen levels and subsequent unopposed action of the neuropeptide neurokinin B on NK3 receptors located on KNDy neurons in the hypothalamus4, 5.
In 2023 the United States Food and Drug Administration, has,approved the first ever NK3R antagonist, Fezolinetant, (Veozah) for VMS in postmenopausal women. The approval was granted following two phase 3, double-blind placebo controlled trials: SKYLIGHT 1 and 2. The efficacy of the drug was tested for 12 weeks including women aged between 40 and 65 with confirmed menopause and at least 7 episodes of hot flushes a day. Vasomotor symptoms , like hot flushes and night sweats, were effectively improved in the control group with beneficial effects on sleep.  The most common AE was a headache. Other infrequent and non-serious AEs included abdominal pain, nausea, fatigue and oropharyngeal pain4, 5
NK3R antagonists are an innovative class of drugs that are an effective therapeutic option for postmenopausal symptoms with better efficacy and safety.  Availability of the oral form of these drugs makes it an easier option for postmenopausal women, improving overall QOL.
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Updates into the potential association between myeloproliferative neoplasms and inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Adeniyi Abraham Adesola  , Yongfeng Chen  , Matei Alexandru Cozma  , Mihnea-Alexandru Gama
Published: July 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and myeloproliferativeneoplasms (MPNs) are both chronic disorders in whosepathogenesis low-grade chronic inflammation plays acentral contribution.1-3 IBD is characterised by chronicinflammation of the digestive tract, while MPNs arecharacterized by an overproduction of terminallydifferentiated myeloid cells.1,3 IBD may present itself mainlyas ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) while theclassical Philadelphia-negative MPNs comprisepolycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET)and primary/secondary myelofibrosis (MF).1,3 A recentcohort study found that subjects with MPNs have a 2.4-foldincreased risk of developing IBD compared to individualswithout MPNs. The risk of developing IBD was highestwithin the first year after the diagnosis of MPN and afterfive years of being diagnosed with an MPN. However, therewas a lower risk of developing IBD between the first yearand fifth year of being diagnosed with an MPN.4 Thesefindings suggest that there may be a common underlyingmechanism that drives the pathogenesis of both IBD andMPNs. Moreover, alterations of the gut microbiome havebeen described both in MPNs and IBD, possibly in directrelationship with the high concentrations of proinflammatorycytokines measured in these disorders.1,5
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Comparison of serum Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM) level among epithelial ovarian cancer patients and healthy women
Authors: Rizwana Hussain  , Saba Khaliq
Published: July 2024

Objective: To compare serum vascular cell adhesion molecule levels among ovarian cancer patients of different standardised grades, and in relation to healthy controls.
Method: The case-control study was conducted from 6.2.2018 to 1.8.2021 after approval form the ethics review board of the University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised females aged 20-70 years diagnosed with ovarian cancer and tentatively planned for surgical procedures in group A, and healthy controls in group B. From all the subjects, 2.5ml blood was taken in a green-top tube. The tubes were centrifuged, and the serum was separated within an hour of sample collection. The Eppendorf tubes were labelled and stored at -20°C. The samples were thawed, and, following the manual protocol, they were subjected to vascular cell adhesion molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cancer antigen 125 values before surgery and 6-8 months post-surgery were recorded from available laboratory reports. Also, group A was categorised in line with the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics stage classification. Data was analysed using SPSS 24.
Results: Of the 80 female subjects, 40(50%) were group A cases and 40(50%) were group B controls. The overall mean age was 48±12 years. Overall, 55(68.7%) women were aged <55 years and 25(31.3%) were aged >55 years. Within group A, 20(50%) had cancer stage I-II and 20(50%) had stage III-IV. Overall median vascular cell adhesion molecule was 72.40ug/L (interquartile range: 1857.40ug/L), with 71.15ug/L (interquartile range: 616.60ug/L) in group A and 74.10ug/L (interquartile range: 1848.70ug/L) in group B. Significant correlation was found between cancer stage and vascular cell adhesion molecule level (rho=0.73; p=0.003).
Conclusion: There was a decreased level of vascular cell adhesion molecule level in epithelial ovarian cancer cases compared to healthy controls. A positive association was observed between ovarian cancer stage and vascular cell adhesion molecule level.
Key Words: VCAM, FIGO, Correlation, Serum marker, Ovarian cancer.
Evaluation of user experience and satisfaction with workplace-based assessments (WPBAs) in dental postgraduate programs
Authors: Ali Faiza , Muhammad Maaz  , Sukhia Rashna Hoshang , Mubassar Fida
Published: July 2024

Objectives: To explore the experience of and satisfaction with workplace-based assessment tools among dental postgraduate trainees.
Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2022 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised all Operative Dentistry, Prosthodontics and Orthodontics postgraduate trainees. A questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions was used to record the experiences and satisfaction level of the dental residents who had earlier been subjected to workplace-based assessment. Data was analysed using SPSS 20, while thematic analysis was used for open-ended questions.
Results: Of the 20 Subjects, 15(75%) were females. Also, 11(55%) participants had received prior training for workplace-based assessment. There were 16(80%) residents who were satisfied with workplace-based assessment tools in the dental residency programme, 15(75%) agreed that the tools improved their clinical skills and helped them identify their weak areas, all the 20(100%) participants said the feedback given to them was constructive, 18(90%) reported that they were allowed to put in their views. However, 7(35%) participants reported that being observed adversely affected their performance.
Conclusion: Dental residents generally gave positive feedback related to workplace-based assessment tools in a clinical setting.
Key Words: Dental residency, Clinical competence, Teaching.
Poligami: Berdasarkan Konsep Keadilan dan Teori Limit Muhammad Syahrur
Authors: Muzakky Faisol , Putri Nerisma Eka
Published: July 2024

The discourse of polygamy is a topic that reaps the pros and cons among the Ulama’ and becomes a hot topic of discussion at the community level. Full attention of Islam regarding polygamy is not merely done without conditions, but Islam stipulates polygamy on the condition that is fair and there are restrictions on the number of wives. For his reason, reseaechers are interested in conducting deeper research on the concept of justice of polygamy practices which are still a topic of debate among the public based on the limit theory by Muhammad Syahrur. This research uses a critical descriptive research model using a methodological comparative study approach to analyze problems using the limit theory put forward by Muhammad Syahrur. This type of research is library research. Te source of this research is obtained from two legal materials, namely premier and secondary. This research uses isis analysis technique to find data to adjust the object to be studied by focusing on criticism. So that the results found that Syahrur argues that polygamy must be implemented when there has been a probem in society, but also must leave the practice when no problem is found. The concept of the limit theory put forward by heading the two conditions, including the first, namely that the second, third, or fourth wife is a widow who has an orphan, than the second is the fear of not being able to be fair to the orphan, as stated in Surah An-Nisa’ verse 3.
Consumer Legal Protection Against Fraud in Ticket Sales Transactions Concerts Through Calo in Indonesia: Case Study of Concert Ticket Sales Fraud
Authors: Kamelia Putri , Gunawan Ade
Published: July 2024

Concert ticket fraud by irresponsible third parties, such as scalpers, often harms consumers. This research analyzes the legal protection that can be provided to consumers who are victims of concert ticket fraud in Indonesia. The main objective of this research is to enrich understanding of consumer legal protection in the context of concert ticket fraud and encourage the creation of a fairer and safer transaction environment. Through a normative-empirical legal approach, this research examines applicable laws and regulations and cases that have occurred. The research results show that consumers have several options to obtain justice, such as filing a civil lawsuit or choosing non-litigation channels such as mediation or arbitration.
Gasification and Techno-Economic Study of Palm Shell Biomass and the Utilization of Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Operated Diesel Engine
Authors: Hasman Hasan Suli  , Bambang Sudarmanta
Published: July 2024

Indonesia's oil reserves and production are steadily declining, accompanied by increasing fossil fuel consumption, particularly in Diesel Power Plants, which contribute to environmental impacts and exacerbate global warming. In response, the government issued a policy in 2028 to implement carbon emission trading for Diesel Power Plants with a capacity below 2 MW, as part of Indonesia's commitment to achieving Net Zero Emission (NZE) by 2060. Considering the significant state assets in the form of diesel-powered generators (approximately 5,200 diesel power plants) still operating throughout Indonesia, the government has also issued policies and strategic plans to develop Biomass Power Plants. This research focuses on examining the combination of biosolar B35 and syngas usage in diesel engines, known as dual fuel engine technology, utilizing abundant palm shell biomass waste in Southeast Sulawesi. The gasification process to create syngas uses a multi-stage downdraft gasifier system with the optimal air ratio variation from previous research, namely 1:7:2 in the pyrolysis, oxidation, and reduction zones. Testing is conducted on a diesel engine at 3000 rpm with load variations ranging from 500 Watt to 4500 Watt. The load is gradually increased at 500-Watt intervals. The syngas mass flow rate is also varied by adjusting four different syngas valve openings to the diesel engine's intake manifold. This study will compare the results of diesel engine operation using single fuel (biosolar B35) with dual fuel (biosolar B35 + syngas) at each engine load interval to determine engine performance, biosolar B35 fuel substitution or savings, carbon reduction in the dual fuel diesel system, and calculate the techno-economics for up-scaling on a 250 kW capacity engine at PT Nusantara Power, Unit Pembangkitan Kendari, ULPLTD Kolaka, Southeast Sulawesi. The aim is to support government programs and policies in realizing environmentally friendly and sustainable Diesel Power Plants, as well as to open opportunities for developing biomass-based dual fuel engine technology in Indonesia.
Analisis Perilaku Sosial Santri sebagai Dampak dari Penggunaan Gadget di Pondok Pesantren Manbaul Hikam Desa Tegalmojo Kecamatan Tegalsiwalan Kabupaten Probolinggo
Authors: Abd. Azi  , Fika Anjana  , Ahmad Affani
Published: July 2024

This research aims to look at the phenomenon of gadget use and its impact on the social behavior of children at the Manbaul Hikam Islamic Boarding School in Tegalmojo Village, Tegalsiwalan District, Probolinggo Regency. This type of research is qualitative research with descriptive methods. The selection of informants was carried out using Purposive Sampling technique. The type of data is collected through observation, interviews and documentation. The research results show that some students use gadgets. The features that are often used are camera, WA, games, Mp3, YouTube, internet and social media. These features are used to find the information needed, search for study materials, for entertainment, and to relieve boredom. Gadgets are always used all the time and are often used at inappropriate times, such as in the learning process of students using gadgets without the teacher's knowledge. The phenomenon of using gadgets has an impact on the social behavior of students at the Manbaul Hikam Islamic Boarding School in Tegalmojo Village, namely making it easy for students to interact with many people via social media so that they lose track of time and often do not participate in Islamic Boarding School activities.
KONTROVERSI PEMIKIRAN IGNAZ GOLDZIHER DAN IMPLIKASINYA BAGI PERKEMBANGAN TREN STUDI ISLAM PADA ABAD 19-21 M
Authors: Mauizah Adzkiya Zayyan , Hidayat Fahri
Published: July 2024

The study of Islamic studies has been carried out by many Western orientalists, such as Ignaz Goldziher. His thoughts on Islam have invited various controversies from many parties. The purpose of this research is to examine the controversy of Ignaz Goldziher’s thoughts and its implications for the trend of Islamic studies in the west (19-21 AD). This research is a qualitative research with a historical approach and uses historical research methods consisting of heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results and discussion in this study found five thoughts of Ignaz Goldziher in Islamic studies, namely: Ignaz Goldziher’s scepticism towards the Qur'an; Ignaz Goldziher’s classification of mufassir; differentiation of the meaning of hadith and sunnah according to Ignaz Goldziher; Ignaz Goldziher’s scepticism towards hadith; and Ignaz Goldziher's views regarding Islamic sharia law. Then, for the controversy of the implications of Ignaz Goldziher’s thoughts on the development of trends in Islamic studies in the 19th-21st centuries is the emergence of groups of supporters and opponents of his thoughts. From among the orientalists who support and agree, two of them are Roskeen Alexander Hamilton Gibb and Joseph Schacht. Meanwhile, those who oppose and disagree with him are Gregor Schoeler and Harald Motzki (orientalists) and ‘Abdul Muttalib and Mustafa al-Sibai (Islamic scholars). In conclusion, Ignaz Goldziher’s thoughts are diverse and spark controversy and not all of his thoughts can be justified.
Formation of students’ research thinking: the key goal of modern education
Authors: Samatova Dilrabo
Published: July 2024

This article explores the imperative role of fostering research-oriented thinking among students in contemporary education. Educators facilitate the development of student's analytical skills, creativity, and independent inquiry by adopting various pedagogical methods such as problem-based learning, research projects, engagement in scientific endeavors, cultivation of critical thinking, and technology integration. This paper underscores the significance of integrating these strategies to nurture a generation equipped to tackle the complexities of the modern world emphasizing active learning and interdisciplinary approaches.
Non-Performing Loans and Credit Risk Management in Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Ijuwo Amity Agi
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the effect of non-performing loans (NPLs) on credit risk management in listed deposit money banks in Nigeria, focusing on three banks: First Bank Nig Plc, Zenith Bank Plc, and First City Monument Bank Plc within the period of 2008 to 2022. The method of data analysis is the panel cointegrating method using fully modified ordinary least square regression analysis. The results show that the non-performing loan to deposit ratio (NPTDR) significantly impacts credit risk management, with a coefficient of -6.499415, a t-statistic of -3.208157, and a probability value of 0.0000. This indicates that changes in NPTDR have a significant long-term impact on credit risk management. Conversely, the non-performing loan ratio (NPTLR) does not significantly influence credit risk management, with a coefficient of 4.439397, a t-statistic of 0.849112, and a probability value of 0.4016. The leverage ratio (LEVRA) has a significant impact on credit risk management, with a coefficient of 35.13657, a t-statistic of 4.380698, and a probability value of 0.0001, suggesting that higher leverage ratios are associated with better credit risk management practices. Additionally, firm size (FMSZ) significantly affects credit risk management, with a coefficient of -1.283115, a t-statistic of -2.117403, and a probability value of 0.0414, indicating that larger firm sizes are linked to lower credit risk management scores. These findings underscore the importance of capital adequacy, leverage, and firm size in shaping credit risk management practices in Nigeria’s banking sector, providing valuable insights for policymakers and banking regulators to enhance the stability and resilience of the banking sector.
Volatile organic compounds produced by thermophilic and non-thermophilic ampylobacter spp.: Influence of growth phase and nutrient composition
Authors: Dos Santos Filipe Magnum , Low Kah Hin , Chai Lay Ching
Published: July 2024

Bacteria produce a plethora of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into the atmosphere as a means of interacting with their habitats, as well as for intra- and interkingdom communication, and to survive and thrive in nature and inside their hosts. Campylobacter, which is commonly found in poultry and ruminants, has demonstrated remarkable endurance in aquatic settings, making it one of the world's most hazardous foodborne pathogens that kill thousands of humans every year. In the present work, the VOCs released by both thermophilic (C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari) and non-thermophilic (C. fetus) Campylobacter of clinical significance, which were influenced by nutrient composition (media) and growth phase, were profiled using an active sampling approach, with active charcoal adsorbent and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Alcohols and ketones were detected only in the thermophilic Campylobacter strains, C. jejuni subsp. jejuni (1-heptadecanol; 1,8-nonadien-3-ol; 3,7,11-trimethyl-3-dodecanol; 1s,4R,7R,11R-1,3,4,7-tetramethyltricyclo [5.3.1.0(4,11)] undec-2-en-8-one; and isophorone), C. coli (isophorone and 3,5-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-phenol), and C. lari (3,7,11-trimethyl-3-dodecanol and 1s,4R,7R,11R-1,3,4,7-tetramethyltricyclo [5.3.1.0(4,11)] undec-2-en-8-one) between early stationary and stationary growth phases. The non-thermophilic C. fetus produced only a range of unidentified compounds that need to be investigated further in the future. The results from the principal component analysis showed distinctive clustering of VOC markers between the four bacteria taxa and within the strains of C. jejuni, including distinguishable groupings of VOCs throughout the growth phase of each bacterium and between different culture media. This demonstrates the influence of bacterial growth and media composition on the volatilome of the studied Campylobacter spp. Overall, the VOC profiling of these foodborne pathogens, under influencing factors of growth phase and media, paves the way for future rapid identification of Campylobacter spp. in food matrices.
Black garlic extract: Phytochemical characterisation and application as natural antioxidant in burgers
Authors: Santos Letícia Camila Rodrigues , Santos Elisa Norberto Ferreira , Oliveira Cintia Cristina , Nascentes Gabriel Antônio Nogueira , Saldaña Erick , Bastos Luciana Machado , Martins Mário Machado , Campagnol Paulo , Cunha Luís Carlos Scalon , Jardim Fernanda Barbosa Borges
Published: July 2024

The phytochemical characteristics of black garlic extract (BGE) and its antioxidant effect on burgers were evaluated in the present work. For this, four burger formulations were produced: a negative control (without antioxidants), a positive control (with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), T3 (with the addition of 3% BGE), and T6 (with the addition of 6% BGE). BGE showed a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity of 87% and a total phenolic content of 72.86 mg gallic acid equivalents/g extract. Twenty phytochemicals were annotated by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry in the BGE, including amino acids, peptides, and sulphur-containing derivatives. The addition of 6% BGE (T6) affected the pH and two-colour parameters (redness, a* and yellowness, b*) of burgers with significant differences compared with the negative and positive controls. Burgers with BGE presented similar lipid oxidation to the positive control over 12 days of storage. In conclusion, BGE could have great potential as a natural antioxidant in burgers.
Copyright Infringement of Photographs on E-commerce Platforms
Authors: Pokrovskaya Anna
Published: July 2024

In the rapidly evolving landscape of e-commerce, protecting intellectual property rights, particularly in the realm of photography, has become increasingly vital. This article delves into the complex issue of copyright infringement on e-commerce platforms, with a specific focus on the concept of intermediary liability. While e-commerce platforms offer unparalleled convenience and global reach to consumers, they also present formidable challenges in upholding the rights of content creators, especially photographers. The article uniquely emphasizes the concept of intermediary liability in the context of e-commerce platforms. This focus is particularly relevant given the widespread use of these platforms in today’s digital marketplace. One of the significant contributions of this study is the comparative analysis of case law from different jurisdictions concerning intermediary liability for copyright infringement. This cross-jurisdictional examination helps illustrate how courts in various countries address similar issues, offering insights into potential harmonization of legal standards and guiding principles for future legislation and litigation. The research identifies specific challenges faced by photographers and copyright holders, such as the difficulty in monitoring vast quantities of online content and enforcing rights across multiple jurisdictions. The article sheds light on the broader impact of copyright infringement on the photography industry. The research offers practical recommendations and strategies to address copyright infringement on e-commerce platforms. These include leveraging automated image recognition technologies, establishing clear guidelines and protocols for sellers, and implementing efficient mechanisms for reporting and removing infringing content.
 
Received: 11 March 2024 | Revised: 9 July 2024 | Accepted: 24 July 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest 
The author declares that she has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Anna Pokrovskaya: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
The sudden wealth syndrome and loss of rectitude in Vivek Shanbhag’s Ghachar Ghochar
Authors: Prabhu Bharathi H. , A. Lourdusamy
Published: July 2024

Middle-class mores in the southern part of India are largely homogenous, though even here one can see that there exists the lower middle class and upper middle class. The differences, however, vary in application on a gradient of material possessions and upgradation in lifestyle. What unifies the middle class is the value systems that they practice. A stable job, thrift, financial stability, and most importantly adherence to societal norms characterizes this section of society. When such families experience a windfall of unexpected wealth it can destabilize the family structure, create mistrust and anxiety among members, undermine moral rectitude and ethics, and topple the very value system that held the family together. This paper examines the primary source, the novel, Ghachar Ghochar by Vivek Shanbhag, to point out that consumerism and materialism, if not balanced with reflection and introspection, can stunt spiritual growth and lead towards a loss of basic human ethics and morality. The narrator’s family members, hitherto used to a steady income from a salaried job, switch to becoming entrepreneurs, trading in spices and ready spice powders, and enjoying a bounty of wealth. They fall back on unethical business practices and their wealth multiplies, changing their lifestyles and bringing up cracks in their relationships. They are blasé about the sudden wealth and splurge on luxuries as if in haste to wipe out their middle-class upbringing, letting go of the middle-class values of moral rectitude and ethical living that had held them together and made them upright citizens.