bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First telemetry study of bush dogs: home range, activity and habitat selection
Authors: Lima Edson de Souza , DeMatteo Karen E. , Jorge Rodrigo S. P. , Jorge Maria Luisa S. P. , Dalponte Julio Cesar , Lima Herson Souza , Klorfine Stuart A.
Published: May 2013

Context
The bush dog (Speothos venaticus) is difficult to observe, capture, and study. To date, indirect evidence and opportunistic field observations have been the primary sources of information about the species’ ecology. Field data are urgently needed to clarify the species’ ecological requirements, behaviour and movement patterns.

Aims
The present study uses 13 months of telemetry data from a group of bush dogs to begin to address questions about area requirements, habitat preferences and movement patterns of this difficult-to-study species.

Methods
We tracked a group of bush dogs (two adults, one juvenile, four young) in an area of intact and altered Cerrado (woodland–savanna biome) in eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil (Nova Xavantina District).

Key results
The group had a total home range of 140 km2 (fixed kernel 95%), with smaller seasonal ‘subareas’ (areas used for 1–2 months before moving to another area, with repetition of some areas over time) and demonstrated a preference for native habitats.

Conclusions
The bush dog’s home range is greater than that of other canids of the same size, even correcting for group size. Patterns of seasonal movement are also different from what has been observed in other South American canids.

Implications
From our observations in the Brazilian savanna, bush dogs need large tracks of native habitat for their long-term persistence. Although the present study is based on a single pack, it is highly relevant for bush dog conservation because it provides novel information on the species’ spatial requirements and habitat preferences.
Quantifying annual patterns in the frequency of mammalian births: do goodness-of-fit tests provide adequate inferences?
Authors: Watkins Evan , Di Stefano Julian
Published: May 2013

Hypotheses relating to the annual frequency distribution of mammalian births are commonly tested using a goodness-of-fit procedure. Several interacting factors influence the statistical power of these tests, but no power studies have been conducted using scenarios derived from biological hypotheses. Corresponding to theories relating reproductive output to seasonal resource fluctuation, we simulated data reflecting a winter reduction in birth frequency to test the effect of four factors (sample size, maximum effect size, the temporal pattern of response and the number of categories used for analysis) on the power of three goodness-of-fit procedures – the G and Chi-square tests and Watson’s U2 test. Analyses resulting in high power all had a large maximum effect size (60%) and were associated with a sample size of 200 on most occasions. The G-test was the most powerful when data were analysed using two temporal categories (winter and other) while Watson’s U2 test achieved the highest power when 12 monthly categories were used. Overall, the power of most modelled scenarios was low. Consequently, we recommend using power analysis as a research planning tool, and have provided a spreadsheet enabling a priori power calculations for the three tests considered.
Dynamic gradients of an intermediate filament-like cytoskeleton are recruited by a polarity landmark during apical growth
Authors: Fuchino Katsuya , Bagchi Sonchita , Cantlay Stuart , Sandblad Linda , Wu Di , Bergman Jessica , Kamali-Moghaddam Masood , Flärdh Klas , Ausmees Nora
Published: May 2013

Significance

Here, we show that FilP, a bacterial cytoskeletal protein related to metazoan intermediate filament (IF) proteins, can self-assemble into a regular network structure. This finding offers a possible explanation for its previously characterized role in cellular rigidity and elasticity and might offer insights into the mechanical role of human IFs. The assembly of FilP cytoskeleton is coupled to the function of the polarisome, a protein complex orchestrating the polar growth characteristic ofStreptomyces. These results suggest that apical assembly of a stress-bearing cytoskeleton is a common strategy in tip-growing walled cells, such as filamentous fungi, pollen tubes, and mycelial bacteria.
Practices of Aesthetic Self-Cultivation: British Composer-Critics of the ‘Doomed Generation’
Authors: Collins Sarah
Published: May 2013

The spectre of music as a transcendent artistic ideal figures prominently in the literary criticism of Victorian aestheticism, though the extent to which aestheticism of the movement actually influenced the thinking of British composers has received only marginal scholarly attention. By the first decades of the twentieth century, aestheticism had become decidedly unfashionable even in literary circles, so it is unsurprising that composers of the time would choose to distance themselves from its rhetoric. The prevalence of a certain type of metaphysical conception of the creative act of the artist and intuitive act of the critic, however, may suggest an important remnant of aesthetic influence. Drawing from new critical trends which themselves mirror those of aestheticism, this article posits a revised conception of aesthetic discourse as an activity of self-cultivation, and examines its role in shaping the lives of selected British composer-critics from the early part of the twentieth century. By casting the aesthetic ethos not as a doctrine but as a set of internal practices that inform the creation and subversion of doctrine, the article demonstrates how a ‘relational musicology’ can act as a tool for historical inquiry.
‘A Heap of Broken Images’? Reviving Austro-German Debates over Musical Meaning, 1900–36
Authors: Pritchard Matthew
Published: May 2013

This article examines a range of writings on the status of musical interpretation in Austria and Germany during the early decades of the twentieth century, and argues their relevance to current debates. While the division outlined by recent research between popular-critical hermeneutics and analytical ‘energetics’ at this time remains important, hitherto neglected contemporary reflections by Paul Bekker and Kurt Westphal demonstrate that the success of energetics was not due to any straightforward intellectual victory. Rather, the images of force and motion promoted by 1920s analysis were carried by historical currents in the philosophy, educational theory and arts of the time, revealing a culturally situated source for twenty-first-century analysis's preoccupations with motion and embodiment. The cultural relativization of such images may serve as a retrospective counteraction to the analytical rationalizing processes that culminated specifically in Heinrich Schenker's later work, and more generally in the privileging of graphic and notational imagery over poetic paraphrase.
Infection Structure-Specific Reductive Iron Assimilation Is Required for Cell Wall Integrity and Full Virulence of the Maize Pathogen Colletotrichum graminicola
Authors: Albarouki Emad , Deising Holger B.
Published: May 2013

Ferroxidases are essential components of the high-affinity reductive iron assimilation pathway in fungi. Two ferroxidase genes, FET3-1 and FET3-2, have been identified in the genome of the maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola. Complementation of growth defects of the ferroxidase-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Δfet3fet4 showed that both Fet3-1 and Fet3-2 of C. graminicola represent functional ferroxidases. Expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein fusions in yeast and C. graminicola indicated that both ferroxidase proteins localize to the plasma membrane. Transcript abundance of FET3-1 increased dramatically under iron-limiting conditions but those of FET3-2 were hardly detectable. Δfet3-1 and Δfet3-2 single as well as Δfet3-1/2 double-deletion strains were generated. Under iron-sufficient or deficient conditions, vegetative growth rates of these strains did not significantly differ from that of the wild type but Δfet3-1 and Δfet3-1/2 strains showed increased sensitivity to reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, under iron-limiting conditions, appressoria of Δfet3-1 and Δfet3-1/2 strains showed significantly reduced transcript abundance of a class V chitin synthase and exhibited severe cell wall defects. Infection assays on intact and wounded maize leaves, quantitative data of infection structure differentiation, and infection stage-specific expression of FET3-1 showed that reductive iron assimilation is required for appressorial penetration, biotrophic development, and full virulence.
Growth of a three-dimensional anisotropic lattice of Ge quantum dots in an amorphous alumina matrix
Authors: Buljan Maja , Roshchupkina Olga , Šantić Ana , Holý Václav , Baehtz Carsten , Mücklich Arndt , Horák Lukáš , Valeš Václav , Radić Nikola , Bernstorff Sigrid , Grenzer Joerg
Published: May 2013

Simple processes for the preparation of semiconductor quantum dot lattices embedded in dielectric amorphous matrices play an important role in various nanotechnology applications. Of particular interest are quantum dot lattices with properties that differ significantly in different directions parallel to the material surface. Here, a simple method is demonstrated for the fabrication of an anisotropic lattice of Ge quantum dots in an amorphous Al2O3matrix by a self-assembly process. A specific deposition geometry with an oblique incidence of the Ge and Al2O3adparticles was used during magnetron sputtering deposition to achieve the desired anisotropy. The observed Ge quantum dot ordering is explained by a combination of directional diffusion of adparticles from the Ge and Al2O3targets and a shadowing process which occurs during deposition as a result of the specific surface morphology. The prepared material shows a strong anisotropy of the electrical conductivity in different directions parallel to the sample surface.
The role of management involvement in innovation
Authors: Kam Sing Wong Stanley
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of management involvement in innovation and its relationships with organizational, technical and marketing innovations. Organizational innovation, which features both administrative and human capital innovation, is introduced as the intermediate construct to test its indirect effects on the influences of management involvement on technical and marketing innovations.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 196 respondents to an online questionnaire that was sent to 2,500 potential participants randomly selected from electronics manufacturing firms across China. Structural equation model using AMOS 18 was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The findings reveal that management involvement has a positive and significant impact on all dimensions of innovation featured. It is also found that organizational innovation has a mediating effect on the association between management involvement and technical innovation, though no such effect can be found in the relationship between management involvement and marketing innovation.

Research limitations/implications

Since the study is quantitative using data emanating from the electronics manufacturing industry in China, further empirical study would be useful to verify and complement the results in other industries and other countries.

Practical implications

The findings show that management involvement appears to exert permeating impacts on all strata of innovation, presenting a reminder to practitioners and researchers that clear senior management direction, endorsement and support are essential to innovation pursuits.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the body of knowledge relating to innovation and innovation decisions. By investigating the interrelationships between management involvement and the various dimensions of innovation featured, the study identifies and charts the casual chains that can be used to guide innovation decisions.
HR management during lean production adoption
Authors: José Martínez‐Jurado Pedro , Moyano‐Fuentes José , Jerez Gómez Pilar
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the success factors linked to human resources management during the lean production (LP) adoption process. A model of these factors and their interrelationships is also to be built to understand the sequence that leads to the cultural change required in lean production adoption.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study is carried out in selected same‐industry companies that are on the same level in the supply chain and have recently completed LP adoption. Twelve first‐tier production plants in the aeronautics industry were selected. Data were gathered from interviews with plant managers and the people in charge of LP in the plant. Data were analyzed using open and coaxial coding and triangulation both within cases and across cases.

Findings

The results highlight a number of success factors that depend on the phase of the LP adoption process. In the phase prior to adoption, the success factors are the incorporation of external change agents and the management averting inertia, whereas in the other phases of the adoption process five main factors were found: training, communication, rewards, job design and work organization.

Research limitations/implications

The findings stress the importance of human resources being managed appropriately during LP adoption for LP to be accepted and adapted. There are a number of key aspects related to human resource management that should be taken into account during each of the phases that occur during the LP adoption process. Further developments include measuring the intensity of the relationships identified and combining qualitative and quantitative methodologies simultaneously to overcome problems with the limited generalization of the results.

Practical implications

Practitioners in charge of LP adoption must be mindful of the key human resource management‐related aspects before and during the LP adoption process and the guidelines to be followed in each of these aspects for the outcomes of LP to be achieved and maintained.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to research in the area of the role that people play in LP with a new line of research centered on the role of human resource management during the LP adoption process. Unlike prior research, this study analyzes the changes that take place in human resource management from the time the company makes the decision to adopt LP until it is implemented.
Intention to use advanced mobile phone services (AMPS)
Authors: Islam Zahidul , Kim Cheng Low Patrick , Hasan Ikramul
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence and applications of both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the diffusion of innovation (DOI) model on the intention to use advanced mobile phone services (AMPS) among Bangladeshi users. It also seeks to examine the moderating role of attitude towards use in the AMPS research model.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a quantitative study. A questionnaire was developed from previous studies and data were collected from young people between 18 and 31 years of age in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Regression was employed to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that perceived usefulness and compatibility are key factors for using AMPS, while other factors such as perceived ease of use and complexity are not as significant. Findings also confirm that attitudes towards use play a moderating role between perceived usefulness/complexity and intention to use AMPS.

Research limitations/implications

Future research is required as this paper focuses only on the younger age range in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Practical implications

Findings indicate that AMPS can be used by younger segments of the population if the elements of TAM and DOI theory are emphasised.

Originality/value

The paper reinforces the body of knowledge relating to AMPS in the telecommunications industry.
The influence of social capital on service quality evaluation
Authors: Imrie Brian C.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This research seeks to provide guidance for the global manager by determining the manner through which social interaction influences service quality evaluation. Furthermore, the paper aims to explore the function of economic development in altering the role of social relationships in service quality evaluation.

Design/methodology/approach

Consistent with the critical realism paradigm a multi‐method design is adopted for this study. Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu's structuralist perspective of culture is utilised as the analytical framework.

Findings

The findings challenge both marketing and sociology theory that propose that individuals are less focussed on nurturing inter‐personal relationships as they are empowered economically. Indeed it is found that social networks (i.e. social capital) perform a key role in service quality preference formation and dissemination. The evidence suggests that economic development has not mitigated the influence of social relationships upon service consumption.

Research limitations/implications

The paper identifies a research agenda towards developing a measure of service quality that more comprehensively probes the social element of the service encounter. In order to more fully explore the impact of economic capital on the service quality construct it is identified that a longitudinal study is required that focuses upon nations as they transition from developing to developed nation status.

Practical implications

This study has significant implications for marketing managers seeking to build a presence in Taiwan or other similarly profiled Confucian based societies. It is advised that strategists should adopt a customised strategic plan when operating within Taiwan and similarly profiled cultures. In particular this study encourages a focus upon nurturing inter‐personal relationships and leveraging these relationships to effectively communicate to target markets in Confucian societies.

Originality/value

This study adopts a sociological perspective of the cultural influence upon the service quality evaluation process.This approach is presented as preferable to the national values‐oriented studies that have dominated research in the area.
Knowledge management goals revisited
Authors: Richter Alexander , Stocker Alexander , Müller Sebastian , Avram Gabriela
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide both practice‐oriented researchers and practitioners with detailed insights into the social software goals and implementation strategies for corporate environments. Also, to illustrate the novelty and specificity of corporate social software (CSS) compared to other groupware or knowledge management systems.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is grounded in the ongoing discussion on differences and commonalities of knowledge management and Enterprise 2.0 applications and motivated by the lack of scientific studies on this topic. The authors have therefore made a comprehensive study of social software adoption in corporate environments, performing a cross‐case analysis of 23 enterprises. The study was meant to enable researchers and practitioners to acquire a better understanding and appropriate related explanations of the relatively new phenomenon of CSS appropriation and use.

Findings

From the cross‐case analysis, six main goals of CSS adoption were derived and compared with the goals of knowledge management projects and initiatives. While some of the goals set for the introduction of CSS seem to coincide with those resulting from knowledge management studies (e.g. establishing networks of experts), others appear to be novel and specific for CSS (e.g. improving employee‐to‐employee communication).

Originality/value

By investigating 23 different cases (most of these case studies being documented by the authors), this paper presents one of the most comprehensive cross‐case analyses systematically exploring pursued goals and implementation approaches adopted for CSS. The contribution of the study is relevant for both research and practice and it is aimed to contribute to the ongoing scientific debate on social software in knowledge management and information systems research.
A longitudinal examination of intellectual capital disclosures and corporate governance attributes in Malaysia
Authors: Ahmed Haji Abdifatah , Mohd Ghazali Nazli A.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) and corporate governance attributes following the revised code on corporate governance in Malaysia in 2007.

Design/methodology/approach

The sample of the present study was drawn from top companies listed on Bursa Malaysia based on their market capitalization for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010. A self‐constructed disclosure index was used to assess the extent and quality of ICDs. The panel data regression analysis was employed to examine the relationship between ICDs and corporate governance.

Findings

The results revealed that all corporate governance attributes namely board size, independent directors, board effectiveness and position of the chairman (except family members on the board) were significant in explaining the extent and quality of ICDs in the expected direction. Director ownership was found to be consistent in negatively relating to both the extent and quality of ICDs. Government ownership was marginally significant in determining the extent of ICDs.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that the revised corporate governance code has a positive impact on ICD at least in the case of large Malaysian listed companies. This implies that regulatory efforts in enhancing corporate governance in Malaysia is starting to prove fruitful in encouraging companies to be involved in more IC investment and hence disclosure.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the few studies which investigate the influence of corporate governance on ICDs longitudinally in a developing country following revision to the corporate governance code in Malaysia in 2007.
Occupational safety and health professionals' training in Italy
Authors: Papaleo Bruno , Cangiano Giovanna , Calicchia Sara
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the evaluation of a training course on chemicals for occupational safety and health (OSH) professionals. The study aims were to assess the effectiveness of the course; to find out what type of training met these workers' needs best, as their role is vital in the management of safety at work; and to test a qualitative assessment method using T‐LAB software for content analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Together with traditional methods for assessing reactions and learning, a qualitative method based on interviews was used, whose content was then analyzed with software for content and text analysis (T‐LAB). The interviews were designed to bring to light critical points, training needs and the participants' expectations of this course.

Findings

The questionnaires on appreciation and learning indicated that on the whole the course was appreciated and the information provided had been learned and remembered adequately. However, qualitative evaluation brought to light some specific problems: participants' main difficulty was the practical application of what they had learned. They therefore asked primarily for technical and regulatory information, particularly guidelines and procedures, but also for training in the more complex managerial and organizational skills.

Originality/value

Qualitative methods and tools can show up better and in more detail training needs, critical points and problems that can easily be overlooked if not specifically sought. The method proposed for qualitative assessment using content analysis software gives effective, methodologically valid feedback even on small samples; it serves for assessing aspects such as the transferability and applicability of what has been learned, and its impact on work and behavior and on organization.
Independent regulators: theory, evidence and reform proposals
Authors: Trillas Francesc , Montoya Miguel A.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss literature and empirical evidence on regulatory independence especially in telecommunications and to suggest reforms of this institution.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper comprises a survey of the literature plus new empirical evidence on de facto independence.

Findings

The study finds that independence has a positive and significant, but modest, impact on network penetration, once de facto issues and endogeneity are taken into account.

Research limitations/implications

De facto independence can only be superficially approached with quantitative methods and the instruments used to correct for endogeneity are far from perfect.

Practical implications

Regulatory agencies may find ways to improve their effectiveness.

Social implications

The paper provides ideas on how to solve the dilemma between expertise and accountability in the particular field of telecommunications regulation.

Originality/value

The paper provides data about the vulnerability of independent regulation in telecommunications in Latin America until 2010.
Towards a new paradigm in health research and practice?
Authors: Martin Graham P. , McNicol Sarah , Chew Sarah
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Collaborations for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRCs) are a new UK initiative to promote collaboration between universities and healthcare organisations in carrying out and applying the findings of applied health research. But they face significant, institutionalised barriers to their success. This paper seeks to analyse these challenges and discuss prospects for overcoming them.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on in‐depth qualitative interview data from the first round of an ongoing evaluation of one CLAHRC to understand the views of different stakeholders on its progress so far, challenges faced, and emergent solutions.

Findings

The breadth of CLAHRCs' missions seems crucial to mobilise the diverse stakeholders needed to succeed, but also produces disagreement about what the prime goal of the Collaborations should be. A process of consensus building is necessary to instil a common vision among CLAHRC members, but deep‐seated institutional divisions continue to orient them in divergent directions, which may need to be overcome through other means.

Originality/value

This analysis suggests some of the key means by which those involved in joint enterprises such as CLAHRCs can achieve consensus and action towards a current goal, and offers recommendations for those involved in their design, commissioning and performance management.
Framing quality improvement tools and techniques in healthcare
Authors: Millar Ross
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a study of how quality improvement tools and techniques are framed within healthcare settings.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs an interpretive approach to understand how quality improvement tools and techniques are mobilised and legitimated. It does so using a case study of the NHS Modernisation Agency Improvement Leaders' Guides in England.

Findings

Improvement Leaders' Guides were framed within a service improvement approach encouraging the use of quality improvement tools and techniques within healthcare settings. Their use formed part of enacting tools and techniques across different contexts. Whilst this enactment was believed to support the mobilisation of tools and techniques, the experience also illustrated the challenges in distributing such approaches.

Originality/value

The paper provides an important contribution in furthering our understanding of framing the “social act” of quality improvement. Given the ongoing emphasis on quality improvement in health systems and the persistent challenges involved, it also provides important information for healthcare leaders globally in seeking to develop, implement or modify similar tools and distribute leadership within health and social care settings.
Towards sustainable structures for neighbourhood development?
Authors: Fröding Karin , Geidne Jonny , Elander Ingemar , Eriksson Charli
Published: May 2013

Purpose

A vehicle to reduce health inequalities and improve public health has been provided by programmes at a neighbourhood level. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the development processes in four municipalities for achieving sustainable structures in area‐based development programmes during and after a formal partnership period.

Design/methodology/approach

A case‐study database was compiled based on the strategic and local work of four municipalities and four municipal housing companies who cooperated in the Partnership for Sustainable Welfare Development 2003‐2009. The case‐study database includes nine in‐depth studies with interviews (n=68), participant observations (n=125), a survey (n=1,160), and documents. The data are analysed using three theoretical concepts: political support, alliances, and citizen participation.

Findings

Political support, alliances, and citizen participation are important building blocks in neighbourhood development work. However, when the partnership ended there was little left that could function as a sustainable structure. Political support seems to be a means to reach the target, including ensuring a consistent approach and allocation of resources. However, the support must continue also after the intervention period, when the formal partnership collaboration ends, otherwise the established structure will soon decompose. Citizen participation is another precondition for a sustainable structure able to continue despite reduced municipal support. Alliances have the best chance of forming sustainable structures when they involve both the strategic and the operational level.

Originality/value

Even though many evaluations have been conducted to capture the process of interventions, little attention has been given to the challenges facing the outcomes of the intervention when it comes to making permanent the activities for reducing health inequalities. This paper is an attempt to deal with these challenges.
Multi‐criteria development and incorporation into decision tools for health technology adoption
Authors: Poulin Paule , Austen Lea , Scott Catherine M. , Waddell Cameron D. , Dixon Elijah , Poulin Michelle , Lafrenière René
Published: May 2013

Purpose

When introducing new health technologies, decision makers must integrate research evidence with local operational management information to guide decisions about whether and under what conditions the technology will be used. Multi‐criteria decision analysis can support the adoption or prioritization of health interventions by using criteria to explicitly articulate the health organization's needs, limitations, and values in addition to evaluating evidence for safety and effectiveness. This paper seeks to describe the development of a framework to create agreed‐upon criteria and decision tools to enhance a pre‐existing local health technology assessment (HTA) decision support program.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors compiled a list of published criteria from the literature, consulted with experts to refine the criteria list, and used a modified Delphi process with a group of key stakeholders to review, modify, and validate each criterion. In a workshop setting, the criteria were used to create decision tools.

Findings

A set of user‐validated criteria for new health technology evaluation and adoption was developed and integrated into the local HTA decision support program. Technology evaluation and decision guideline tools were created using these criteria to ensure that the decision process is systematic, consistent, and transparent.

Practical implications

This framework can be used by others to develop decision‐making criteria and tools to enhance similar technology adoption programs.

Originality/value

The development of clear, user‐validated criteria for evaluating new technologies adds a critical element to improve decision‐making on technology adoption, and the decision tools ensure consistency, transparency, and real‐world relevance.
Intrinsic motivation: how can it play a pivotal role in changing clinician behaviour?
Authors: Swarna Nantha Yogarabindranath
Published: May 2013

Purpose

In the light of an increasing healthcare burden, this paper seeks to offer insight about how intrinsic motivation could play a pivotal role in improving the pre‐existing healthcare service delivery systems by altering clinician behaviour. The paper argues the case for four salient dimensions worth exploring through the lens of intrinsic motivation – non‐financial incentives, positive affective states, organizational culture and prescribing quality.

Design/methodology/approach

This article reviews literature from both social sciences and health management practices to provide rationale on how intrinsic motivational approaches could optimize healthcare service delivery systems.

Findings

The scrutiny of the body of evidence leads to the assertion that there is neglect in the initiatives to reinforce intrinsic motivation as a method to address the ailing morale of doctors. This seems to have exacerbated negative outcomes that include job dissatisfaction, compromise in the quality of care and poor patient‐doctor relationships. Diminution in positive affective states amongst doctors, largely controlled by intrinsic motivation, led to strained doctor‐patient communication and poor quality of care. Barriers in a healthcare organizational culture that restricts autonomy and empowerment seem to directly undermine job satisfaction.

Originality/value

The article argues that it is crucial to shift away from the conventional tendencies promoting tangible rewards. A more holistic approach should be adopted by conducting formal research into intrinsic motivation and how it could aid the formulation of policies tailored to meet the current demands of the healthcare system.
Dynamic analysis of magneto‐electro‐elastic cylindrical shells by quasi‐static and fully dynamic electromagnetic theories
Authors: Biju B. , Ganesan N. , Shankar K.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to present harmonic response of magneto‐electro‐elastic cylinder by quasi‐static and fully dynamic electromagnetic theories. The quasi‐static assumption uses magnetic scalar potential whereas magnetic vector potential is employed in a fully dynamic model.

Design/methodology/approach

The electric field induced by time varying magnetic field is non‐conservative and can be described by electric scalar potential and magnetic vector potentials.

Findings

The magnitude of vector potential is dominant in axial and circumferential direction whereas the magnetic flux density is significant in radial direction. Magnetic scalar potential approach evaluates only the radial component of magnetic flux density and electric field intensity is reasonably the same as that of the magnetic vector potential approach.

Originality/value

Semi‐analytical finite element method is used in this paper and the vector potential is formulated in cylindrical coordinates.
Shear surface waves at the interface of two magneto‐electro‐elastic media
Authors: Piliposyan D.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the problem of the existence and propagation of a surface SH wave at the interface of two magneto‐electro‐elastic half‐spaces.

Design/methodology/approach

Equations of motions for magneto‐electro‐elastic materials have been used with coupling between mechanical, electric and magnetic fields. The problem is solved for four different sets of boundary conditions.

Findings

The results show that, for appropriate choice of material parameters, a non dispersive surface wave can propagate at the interface of these media. The existence condition is easier to satisfy for an electrically closed contact or no electromagnetic contact between two half‐spaces. The existence conditions can be easily satisfied for all four sets of boundary conditions if the two half‐spaces have their main symmetry axis, both parallel to the interface and perpendicular to the propagation direction, directed in the opposite directions. In this case the SH surface wave can always propagate if the two media are identical.

Originality/value

The magneto‐electric coupling effect has extensive applications, for example in electronic packaging, acoustic devices and medical ultrasonic imaging. The results of this paper give better understanding of the effects of the boundary conditions on the propagation of SH surface waves in magneto‐electro‐elastic materials.
A researcher's tale: how doing conflict research shapes research about conflict
Authors: Naima Mikkelsen Elisabeth
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to display and critically reflect upon how field experiences in the research process interacted with the author's subjectivity and shaped her construction of knowledge about organisational conflict.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing on Weick's theoretical framework of sensemaking and the notion of reflexivity as a resource for dealing with research experiences, the paper presents empirical narratives that explore how research experiences of negotiating access to information and emic categories of conflict in the field, analysing events and morally deciding which stories from the field are conflict stories, and dealing with ethical dilemmas in the process of doing research about conflict constitute common factors that influenced the author's construction of knowledge about organisational conflict.

Findings

The paper shows that the way we organise and make sense of research experiences shapes our process of theorising and the actual production of knowledge in a research field.

Research limitations/implications

We should document and display the process of theorising in our research and thoroughly pursue what we experienced in the field, because this will create thoroughness to our research and add to, not devalue, the knowledge we produce.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the process of theorising in organisational research. The empirical narratives presented in the paper contribute to the narrow display within the field of how we, as organisational researchers, mobilise our theorising and construct knowledge.
International trade and inclusive growth: a primer
Authors: Lederman Daniel
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This article aims to provide two analytical frameworks for understanding the role of trade in promoting inclusive growth in developing economies.

Design/methodology/approach

A working definition of inclusive growth focuses on long‐term, sustained growth associated with productivity growth and employment opportunities for broad portions of households and firms within countries. International integration can promote inclusive growth when workers and firms are able to adjust to enter into growing economic activities and adopt technologies availed through international trade. The frameworks described in this note build on simple household and firm choice models, which require only basic knowledge of development economics.

Findings

The discussion highlights how these frameworks can help analysts focus on research and policy questions related to the impacts of international trade across the distribution of households and firms within countries. It also discusses publicly available data sets that can be used to explore some aspects of inclusive growth. In addition, the note highlights important caveats that need to be acknowledged by analysts and discusses avenues for future research, which needs to be part and parcel of the inclusive growth agenda.

Originality/value

This is a first attempt to apply an analytical definition of inclusive growth, which emphasizes second order or behavioral responses of workers and firms' profits, to understand the link between international integration and development.
Do WTO members employ less child labour?
Authors: Beaulieu Eugene , Pakrashi Debayan
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Trade liberalization could either exacerbate or ameliorate the incidence of child labour. This paper aims to examine the effect of trade liberalization through membership in the GATT/WTO on the incidence of child labour across countries and over time. The authors examine child labour force participation data and WTO membership for 94 countries between 1980 and 1999. They find that membership in the WTO is negatively correlated with child labour. However, they do not find a statistically significant relationship between openness and child labour and therefore rule out the trade‐expanding channel of WTO membership on child labour.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors' regression equations examine the effect of GATT or WTO membership on the incidence of child labour. They examine data from 94 countries from 1980 and 1999 and employ a fixed‐effects regression. They estimate different models taking different variables as control variables. They find a statistically significant effect negative of WTO membership on the incidence of child labour. They do not find a statistically significant effect of openness on child labour.

Findings

The authors find that membership in the WTO did reduce child labour. They do not find a statistically significant effect of openness on child labour.

Research limitations/implications

WTO membership does not increase the incidence of child labour as some critics claim. Membership itself is associated with reduced child labour so it may not be necessary to expand trade through international agreements in order to impact the incidence of child labour.

Practical implications

Contrary to critics of the WTO, membership does not exacerbate the problem of child labour.

Originality/value

This paper presents new data on child labour in a panel across countries over time. It is the first paper to systematically estimate the impact of international agreements on the incidence of child labour.
Re‐examination of the surplus agricultural labour in China
Authors: Kwan Fung , Wu Yanrui , Zhuo Shuaihe
Published: May 2013

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the pool of studies of rural underemployment in China. It is devoted to the conceptualization and measurement of surplus labour.

Design/methodology/approach

The agricultural labour requirement function is estimated by the stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) with China's prefecture‐level data. Surplus labour or inefficient labour is obtained by subtracting the required labour from the actual labour participated in agriculture.

Findings

The authors' analysis indicates that the existing size of agricultural surplus labour in rural China is still significantly large with the continued practice of the household registration system and China's WTO membership. However, the size has been decreasing over the last decade.

Research limitations/implications

Quality of data might affect the authors' estimates.

Practical implications

The phenomenon of the coexistence of surplus agricultural labour and shortage of workers in non‐agricultural production in urban China was discussed in line with the authors' research findings, as this has important impacts on the policies of rural industrialization in China.

Social implications

This paper further argues that China is probably experiencing the second stage of the Lewis‐Fei‐Ranis dualistic economic framework.

Originality/value

The authors' paper is probably the first to use prefecture data and SFA for panel data study of surplus agricultural labour in China. The analysis is essential to the understanding of the rural labour market during its rapid transition.
Land tenure security and land investments in Northwest China
Authors: Ma Xianlei , Heerink Nico , van Ierland Ekko , van den Berg Marrit , Shi Xiaoping
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of perceived land tenure security in China on farmers' decisions to invest in relatively long‐term land quality improvement measures, taking into account the potential endogeneity of tenure security.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from a survey held in 2008 and 2010 among 259 households in Minle County, Gansu province, covering the years 2007 and 2009, are used to estimate the factors affecting land levelling investments, irrigation canal investments and perceived land tenure security. The authors use the 2SCML technique and the IVLS method to estimate a selection model and a non‐limited regression model, respectively, and use IVP methods to examine the robustness of the results.

Findings

The authors' results indicate that perceived land tenure security significantly affects self‐governed investments but does not affect individual investments in land quality improvements. In particular, the authors find that households that consider land certificates as important for protecting land rights invest significantly more in irrigation canals construction and maintenance. The authors' results further provide evidence that individual investments in land quality improvement contribute to higher perceived land tenure security.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the available literature on the relationship between land tenure security and land investments by examining the role of perceived (instead of formal) land tenure security and by making a distinction between individual household investments and self‐governed land investments. The authors' results provide an explanation for the phenomenon that land readjustments still take place in some parts of China, but not in others.
Three‐dimensional visualization of mixed species biofilm formation together with its substratum
Authors: Inaba Tomohiro , Ichihara Takahiro , Yawata Yutaka , Toyofuku Masanori , Uchiyama Hiroo , Nomura Nobuhiko
Published: May 2013

Biofilms, such as dental plaque, are aggregates of microorganisms attached to a surface. Thus, visualization of biofilms together with their attached substrata is important in order to understand details of the interaction between them. However, so far there is limited availability of such techniques. Here, non‐invasive visualization of biofilm formation with its attached substratum by applying the previously reported technique of continuous‐optimizing confocal reflection microscopy (COCRM) is reported. The process of development of oral biofilm together with its substratum was sequentially visualized with COCRM. This study describes a convenient method for visualizing biofilm and its attached surface.
Novel human H7N9 influenza virus in China
Authors: WANG Chengmin , LUO Jing , WANG Jing , SU Wen , GAO Shanshan , ZHANG Min , XIE Li , DING Hua , LIU Shelan , LIU Xiaodong , CHEN Yu , JIA Yaxiong , HE Hongxuan
Published: May 2013

Outbreaks of H7N9 avian influenza in humans in 5 provinces and 2 municipalities of China have reawakened concern that avian influenza viruses may again cross species barriers to infect the human population and thereby initiate a new influenza pandemic. Evolutionary analysis shows that human H7N9 influenza viruses originated from the H9N2, H7N3 and H11N9 avian viruses, and that it is as a novel reassortment influenza virus. This article reviews current knowledge on 11 subtypes of influenza A virus from human which can cause human infections.