bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benefits of exclusive breastfeeding: An integrative review
Authors: Couto Germano Rodrigues , Dias Vanessa , Oliveira Isabel de Jesus
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: The importance of breastfeeding and its exclusivity in the first six months of a child’s life is worldwide recognized. Despite that adherence to exclusive breastfeeding is far from international standards. Therefore, updating evidence on this topic is essential to demonstrate to parents and health professionals the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, demystifying ideas, and promoting adherence.
Methods & Materials: An integrative review was conducted with a search in Medline, SciELO, and CINHAL databases, with the descriptors “breastfeeding", "breast", "feeding", "breastfeeding", "exclusive" and "benefits”, combined with the Boolean operator "AND" and “OR”, for studies published between 2014 and 2019. Of the 221 studies identified, eight were included for review.
Results: Short-term and long-term benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for children were identified such as healthier eating habits, reduced length of hospital stay, favorable weight increase, lower body mass index, lower adiposity, lower total cholesterol values, better cognitive and behavioral development, as well as stability of metabolic levels in children with metabolic disorders.
Conclusion: There are benefits for exclusive breastfeeding that must be explained to parents. Nurses must incorporate the best available evidence into their practice to enable parents to realize the impact of the choice of exclusive breastfeeding on the child's health, increasing their adherence.
Development and psychometric properties of a questionnaire to assess the female quality of sexual life
Authors: Maasoumi Raziyeh , Nazifi Morteza , Mokhtarinia Zahra , Stallones Lorann
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: Proper assessment of the quality of sexual life requires having access to psychometrically sound instruments. The present study aimed to develop an instrument to assess Iranian women’s quality of sexual life.
 Methods & Materials: This was a mixed-method study with exploratory design; at first, the Iranian women’s perception of the quality of sexual life was explored. An initial 73-item version of the questionnaire was generated according to qualitative findings and the review of the literature. Then, psychometric characteristics consist of face, content, construct, convergent validity, and internal consistency were assessed. A total of 450 women completed the developed questionnaire, ENRICH scale, and sexual quality of the life-female questionnaire.
Results: The results of face validity were satisfactory. The content validity index and content validity ratio were found to be .92 and .80, respectively. Exploratory factor analysis identified six factors accounted for 51.92% of the variance. The identified six factors that were also confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis with acceptable goodness of fit indices. Correlations between the total scores and the dimensions of sexual quality of life-female questionnaire and ENRICH ranged from .414 to .747. Total and the range of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the explored subscales were 0.94 and 0.94 to 0.60 respectively.
Conclusion: This study provided a valid and reliable 36-items questionnaire to holistically assess Iranian women’s quality of sexual life. It will be useful as a self-reported measure in research and clinical practice of women’s sexual health.
The impact of using “ISBAR” standard checklist on nursing clinical handoff in coronary care units
Authors: Pakcheshm Behrouz , Bagheri Imane , Kalani Zohreh
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: Clinical handoff is the process of transmitting information, responsibility, and accountability among the health care team members. Lack of standard protocols may result in the loss of essential information and may lead to medical errors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of using a standard checklist on a clinical handoff in the coronary care unit.
Methods & Materials: This quasi-experimental study was performed based on pre- and post-test design at Afshar Hospital in Yazd. There was a total of 564 handoffs with the participation of 24 nurses in two coronary care units in 2017. Before the intervention, 282 clinical handoffs were recorded and implemented. Nurses were informed about the ISBAR standard checklist and were encouraged to use it for one week. Then, 282 clinical handoffs were again recorded and implemented. The frequency of providing information during clinical handoff was determined based on the ISBAR checklist and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.
Results: Before the intervention, the frequency of providing information during clinical handoff was reported as follows: patient identity (86.9%), current position (75.1%), clinical history (52.8%), system status review (59.9%), and recommendations (92.9%). The results showed that the indexes significantly increased (P <0.001) after the intervention in all these five domains: patient identity (100%), current situation (94%), clinical history (80.1%), system status review (92.2%) and recommendations (100%).
Conclusion: Transition of information based on standard checklists with a specific framework can increase the frequency of information provided during clinical handoff. Therefore, it is recommended to train nurses and nursing students about standard handoff and related tools such as ISBAR in hospitals and universities.
The effect of the components of King's spiritual intelligence group training on stigma in patients with cancer
Authors: Kashani Lotfabadi Masoud , Hashemi Bibi Maryam , Sarabian Saeed , Mohammadi Azam , Salarhaji Azam
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: cancer stigma is one of the Psycho-social consequences of a cancer diagnosis. It seems that spiritual intelligence training can reduce cancer stigma by enhancing spiritual intelligence. Therefore, the purpose of the present research was to determine the effect of the components of King's spiritual intelligence group training on stigma in patients with cancer.
Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in Omid Oncology Hospital of Mashhad, Iran in 2018-19. The statistical population of the study included 54 patients with cancer who were then randomly divided into an intervention group (23 individuals) and a control group (27 individuals). The patients in the intervention group received King's spiritual intelligence group training (2008) for ten (90-minute) sessions, while the patients in the control group received routine care. The data collection instrument was Cancer Stigma Scale (patient version). The data were analyzed by SPSS-22 software using independent t-test, Man Whitney, paired t-test, and Wilcoxon statistical test.
Results: The findings showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of stigma total mean score for the pre-intervention phase (p>0.05). However, in terms of stigma total mean score changes between the post and pre-intervention phases, there was a significant difference between the scores of the intervention and the control group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Spiritual intelligence training is effective in reducing stigma among patients with cancer.
Risk factors of readmission after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A case-control study
Authors: Alimadadi Elham , Abbasinia Mohammad , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl , Abbasi Mohammad
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: Reducing readmissions is a major goal of health care systems. This study aimed to identify readmission risk factors following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Methods & Materials: This case-control study analyzed 540 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery between January 2016 and December 2019 at Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom, Iran. The case group contained 270 patients who were readmitted to the hospital during the 30-day after discharge and the control group comprised 270 non-readmitted patients.
Results: Readmit patients suffered from higher rates of cardiac failure, myocardial infarction, hypertension, myocardial dysrhythmia, and using antiplatelet coagulant medication (P<0.05). Compared with non-readmitted patients, readmitted patients were more likely to have emergency surgery (OR 1.62; CI 1.11-2.38), cardiac arrest (OR 2.52; CI 2.39-2.85), and massive intraoperative hemorrhage during surgery (OR 2.36; CI 2.13-2.67). Postoperative disorders such as surgical site infection, pleural effusion, dysrhythmias, and myocardial infarction were independent risk factors for readmission (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Patients at risk for readmission should be closely monitored. Furthermore, careful decision-making about surgical criteria by a multidisciplinary team can help improve outcomes as well as reduce readmissions.
Nursing students’ perception and associated factors towards their educational environment in governmental universities of southwest Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Workneh Fego Melese , Olani Adugna , Tesfaye Temamen
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: Due to many negative aspects of the educational environment students’ have not well attained their professional demands that affect their perception and qualities of nursing care delivered to the community. The study was aimed to assess nursing students’ perception and associated factors towards their educational environment in governmental universities of Southwest Ethiopia.
Methods & Materials: Institution based cross-sectional study was employed on 422 study subjects from April 9 to 23/2019. Proportionally allocated a simple random sampling technique was used to select the participants. The data was collected using a validated self-administered Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire and entered by Epi data 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Simple and multiple linear regressions were used and a total DREEM mean score, sub scores, and SD were computed.  A P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: Overall mean perception of nursing students was 124.76/200 with Standard deviation (SD) of 0.065 which implies that more positive than the negative educational environment. The DREEM subscales mean scores of students’ perception of learning, perception of teachers, academic self-perception, perception of atmospheres and students’ social self-perception were 31.64/48, 25.4/44, 22.52/32, 29.17/48 and 16.08/28 with SD of (0.204,0.098,0.075,0.060 and 0.101) respectively. The multiple linear regressions revealed that there was statistically a significant relationship between students’ perception with study years, support system, learning facilities; and memory, learning motivation, satisfaction, academic status, gender, marital status receptively.
Conclusion: Even though nursing students’ perception of their educational environment was more positive than negative, it is not most satisfactory. Thus, to make it more attractive and an excellent university should adopt different strategies.
The effect of using smartphone applications on self-care in patients with heart failure
Authors: Kiyarosta Nahid , Najafi Ghezeljeh Tahereh , Naghashzadeh Farah , Feizi Mahshid , Haghani Shima
Published: August 2020

Background & Aim: Due to the chronic nature of heart failure, it is necessary to observe and maintain self-care behaviors accordingly. Tele-monitoring using smartphone applications can be effective in this regard. This study aimed to determine the effect of using smartphone applications on self-care behaviors in patients with heart failure.
Methods & Materials: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted between August and March in 2018. Using consecutive sampling, 120 patients were selected and were allocated to the two groups by a random quadruple block approach. The participants in both groups completed the European heart failure self-care questionnaire before and after the intervention. Patients in both groups received routine hospital care; however, patients in the intervention group used an Android smartphone application for three months daily as well. Via the application, there were ongoing interactions between patients and researchers, depending on the needs of patients and their conditions. The data were analyzed using SPSS V.16 software.
Results: There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of the mean score of self-care after the intervention where the mean score in the intervention group was lower (p<0.001), which indicates better self-care. Based on the results, the intervention effect was reported at 0.787.
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that using a smartphone application can improve self-care in patients with heart failure. Therefore, it is recommended to health care providers to use this mobile application to care and monitor remote patients with HF.
A Convivência Familiar Como Direito Fundamental Da Criança No Ordenamento Jurídico Brasileiro
Authors: Dos Santos Lucineia Rosa , Leite Rita de Cássia Curvo
Published: August 2020

Tem como objetivo esse pequeno ensaio aproximar os Direitos Humanos das normas de Direito de Família em vigor no Brasil para o fim de reconhecer que a convivência familiar corresponde a um direito universal, já agasalhado pelo Estado brasileiro, e que deve ser cumprido pela sociedade, pela comunidade e, ainda, em especial, pela família. Nesse contexto, cabe, ademais, assegurar que a convivência familiar é direito fundamental que se estende, também, aos novos modelos familiares, o que pode ser confirmado, mediante o emprego do método empírico indutivo, à luz do direito científico e da jurisprudência pátrios, e, ainda, especialmente, a partir da atuação profissional nas respectivas áreas. Eis a razão pela qual é preciso estar sensível para aplicar às situações concretas, mesmo as mais recentes, normas de conteúdo aberto como as que norteiam os Direitos Humanos. Nesse diapasão – e com olhar futurista – em todos os modelos de família deve-se garantir o livre exercício de uma convivência digna, em especial nas relações paterno-materno-filiais, sem olvidar a inegável responsabilidade do adulto diante da hipervulnerabilidade infantil
La Eficiencia De Los Derechos Humanos Una Propuesta Humanista Desde La Filosofía Del Derecho
Authors: Ugarte Jesús Víctor Alfredo Contreras
Published: August 2020

Se redactan acuerdos, normas jurídicas, leyes, declaraciones; se reúnen en grandes cumbres, firman y ratifican tratados y convenios internacionales; sin embargo, pasan los años y la eficiencia sustancial y práctica de los derechos humanos, en la sociedad, parece quedarse estancada en la mera idea o formalidad normativa. El Derecho parece caer en la vanidad de creer que la eficiencia de los derechos se logra solo desde su capacidad normativa y coercitiva, es decir, desde la imposición de normas que obligan a cumplir legalmente a las instituciones, a los países y, en última instancia, a sus ciudadanos. En este trabajo académico, no me limito a lo descriptivo, sino que prescribo una propuesta que he llamado la teoría de la empatía del reconocimiento. Sin desvirtuar el rol coercitivo del Derecho, reflexiono ante su falta de eficiencia para el avance estructural del respeto a los derechos humanos y planteo que las políticas y las normas jurídicas que solo se preocupan por obligar legalmente sean superadas por otras que atiendan a la necesidad de alcanzar convicción social sobre el verdadero valor que nos vincula a todos con la humanidad y con los derechos humanos de todos los demás.
Aplicación Del Sistema Tributario Español A Las Criptomonedas
Authors: Morán José María Tovillas
Published: August 2020

El presente trabajo expone las diversas soluciones adoptadas en base al ordenamiento jurídico-tributario español para resolver las cuestiones planteadas por las actividades económicas desarrolladas a través de criptomonedas. Se trata de analizar la forma de tributar en el Impuesto sobre el Valor Añadido y en la imposición directa correspondiente al Impuesto sobre Sociedades, al Impuesto sobre la Renta de las Personas Físicas y al Impuesto sobre Actividades Económicas de la realización de actuaciones de creación de nuevas monedas virtuales (minado), de la compra venta de este tipo de activos o de la realización de actividades de comisión en la compraventa de estas monedas digitales y, finalmente, por la mera tenencia de las mismas como inversión en relación con el Impuesto sobre el Patrimonio. Las soluciones propuestas se basan en los elementos estructurales básicos del Derecho Tributario material como la sujeción, no sujeción o exención. Destaca por su importancia práctica las propuestas emanadas de las consultas efectuadas a la Dirección General de Tributos.
Legislación Desigual En Materia De Violencia Familiar
Authors: Fernández Carmen Yolanda Valero
Published: August 2020

La violencia en el ámbito familiar se ha convertido en los últimos años en un problema que afecta, de manera intensa, a la sociedad en general. La trascendencia y dimensión que ha alcanzado esta lacra, ha dado lugar a una legislación expresa que, en materia penal, ha restringido en determinados supuestos, derechos constitucionalmente reconocidos al reo. No por ello se debe renunciar a una regulación más coherente con la realidad social y constitucional, sin olvidar que nos hallamos, una vez más, ante un doloroso problema social y comunitario
A Lei De Planejamento Familiar Do Brasil E A Perspectiva Da Dignidade Feminina
Authors: Leal Saul Tourinho , Britto Nara Pinheiro Reis Ayres de
Published: August 2020

A Constituição brasileira traz o § 7º do art. 226 que diz: “Fundado nos princípios da dignidade da pessoa humana e da paternidade responsável, o planejamento familiar é livre decisão do casal, competindo ao Estado propiciar recursos educacionais e científicos para o exercício desse direito, vedada qualquer forma coercitiva por parte de instituições oficiais ou privadas”. Regulamentando o dispositivo acima, foi promulgada, em 1996, a Lei Nacional n. 9.263, que, no inc. I do seu art. 10, permite a esterilização voluntária apenas nas seguintes situações: “I – em homens e mulheres com capacidade civil plena e maiores de 25 anos de idade ou, pelo menos, com dois filhos vivos, desde que observado o prazo mínimo de 60 dias entre a manifestação da vontade e o ato cirúrgico, período no qual será propiciado à pessoa interessada acesso a serviço de regulação da fecundidade, incluindo aconselhamento por equipe multidisciplinar, visando desencorajar a esterilização precoce”. O § 5º do mesmo dispositivo diz: “Na vigência de sociedade conjugal, a esterilização depende do consentimento expresso de ambos os cônjuges”.
La Presunción De Inocencia: Entre El Derecho Español Y El Derecho De La Unión Europea
Authors: Pérez Francisco Ortego
Published: August 2020

El presente artículo analiza la preocupación de la Unión Europea por armonizar los ordenamientos procesales de los Estados miembros en torno al derecho a la presunción de inocencia en el ámbito del debido proceso de ley. El artículo realiza una breve comparación entre el estado de la cuestión en el proceso penal español y el contenido de la Directiva 2016/343/UE.
Análise Jurídico-Econômica Do Agronegócio: Exportação De Gado, Abate E Bem-Estar Animal
Authors: Ramidoff Mário Luiz , Sá Maximiliano Augusto Venção
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo pautado na metodologia dialética tem como objetivo analisar de que forma o ente Público intervém na ordem econômica nacional, no tocante à exportação de bovinos vivos para o abate, utilizando como referencial teórico além das decisões judiciais que trataram recentemente do assunto, ampla legislação, notícias e publicações como a Revista Eletrônica da BBC Brasil, relatório anual de “Livestock and Products” do USDA Brazil Foreign Agricultutal Service e obras literárias de autores como Eros Grau e Cento Veljanovski, corroboraram a pesquisa científica. Os desdobramentos dessa intervenção na ordem econômica. Os impasses delicados, como a imposição de método de abate humanitário aos países importadores cuja religião influencia o método praticado. Correlaciona essas decisões com as normas e diretrizes estabelecidas pela Administração Pública, em especial as instituídas pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), no tocante às práticas de manejo pré-abate e bem-estar. Assim como, faz um paralelo entre a realidade brasileira e a expressa no ordenamento normativo.
Direito Comparado: O Juramento Decisório No Direito Italiano E Sua (In)compatibilidade Com O Modelo Constitucional De Processo Brasileiro
Authors: Madeira Dhenis Cruz , Pittelli Murilo Policarpo
Published: August 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o instituto do juramento decisório, como concebido no direito italiano, suas características e funcionamento para, após, verificar sua compatibilidade com o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para tal, realizar-se-á uma revisão bibliográfica, incluindo a doutrina, jurisprudência relevante e dispositivos legais do sistema de origem. O juramento será objeto de uma contextualização histórica, seguida da explicação de seu funcionamento no direito italiano hodierno. Após, far-se-á um confronto com o direito brasileiro, tendo por prisma o Estado Democrático de Direito, o conceito de devido processo neste modelo e a definição de Fazzalari de procedimento, demonstrando o papel da prova no iter lógico de formação do provimento jurisdicional, para atender às exigências de legitimidade e fiscalização próprias do processo democrático.
Responsabilidade Civil Do Incorporador Pelos Danos Morais Causados Aos Adquirentes Reflexões Sobre Punitive Damage E Seu Cabimento No Âmbito Das Relações De Consumo E Imobiliárias
Authors: Silveira Chelsea Almeida , Werner Felipe Probst
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho analisa a incorporação imobiliária numa ótica social, com objetivo de fomentar o debate sobre a importância da atividade empresarial exercida pelo incorporador na universalização do direito de moradia, especialmente entre as famílias de média e alta renda, não atendidas por programas estatais. A pesquisa demonstra que a relação jurídica entre o incorporador e os adquirentes de unidades autônomas em construção é duplamente protegida pelo ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, pois atrai a incidência da Lei de Incorporações e do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, normas que se preocupam com o aspecto ético das relações negociais em massa. Com fundamento em doutrinas clássicas e contemporâneas, este trabalho defende uma alternativa capaz de reduzir, senão eliminar, os abusos e ilegalidades praticados pelos incorporadores em detrimento dos adquirentes ao aplicar o instituto originado da Common Law denominado punitive damages. A análise econômica da incorporação imobiliária mostra que, nos casos de responsabilidade civil por danos morais, o arbitramento de uma indenização pífia pelo Poder Judiciário pode revelar-se uma medida inócua na proteção daquela coletividade que, sozinha, enfrenta o mercado imobiliário para ter acesso a uma moradia. Ao final dos estudos, o artigo estimula a superação do positivismo jurídico extremo, como timidamente vêm fazendo alguns tribunais, e reflete sobre a necessidade de atingir os incorporadores que agem ao alvedrio da lei naquilo que lhes é mais sensível: o lucro.
Subsunção, Cognição E Decisionismo Na Inspeção Do Trabalho Brasileira
Authors: Assumpção Luiz Felipe Monsores de
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo constitui um recorte de um estudo mais amplo, recentemente concluído, e que tem como objeto a Inspeção do Trabalho brasileira. Neste particular, intenta-se abordar um dos aspectos do poder de polícia administrativo da fiscalização trabalhista, qual seja a atribuição de vigilância e controle. Este artigo, contudo, propõe um segundo recorte: uma análise crítica acerca do processo “subsuntivo” que, em tese, respalda a conclusão da autoridade fiscal pela ocorrência do ilícito trabalhista. Trata-se, em verdade, de problematizar a operação lógica que determina não só a captura do fenômeno infracional, mas também o dimensionamento da pretensão punitiva do Estado. Analisando o glossário de ilícitos trabalhistas operado pela Inspeção do Trabalho brasileira – o “Ementário” – este estudo sugere, afinal, que o processo cognitivo que orienta a ação fiscal-trabalhista possui ao menos três momentos decisórios bem definidos. Dois deles, situados na instância da “burocracia ao nível da rua”, se mostram pela escolha arbitrária do filtro investigativo e a dosimetria punitiva no caso concreto. Trata-se de modulações de conduta que se expressam no âmbito individual-metodológico, e que ajudam a demarcar a pretensão nanorregulatória da ação fiscal. O terceiro momento, por outro lado, ocorre no âmbito institucional, e pode ser descrito como um processo político e histórico de construção do ilícito trabalhista, numa tentativa de equilibrar, simultaneamente, a emergência dos compromissos institucionalizados do Estado regulador, e a contingente reprovação social de determinadas expressões do poder empregatício, percebidas como desviantes e, quiçá, perversas.
A Necessidade De Uma Única Medida Na Aferição De Dois Pesos: A Teoria Por Trás Da Relativização Do Princípio Da Não Intervenção Para Fins De Proteção Dos Direitos Humanos E Seus Reflexos No Tocante À Soberania
Authors: Pilati Anatercia Rovani , Finatto Carla Patricia , Reis Reisson Ronsoni dos
Published: August 2020

Ante as diversas crises humanitárias atuais e aquelas já enfrentadas, faz-se necessário destacar o debate acerca da conciliação do conceito de soberania e da flexibilização do princípio da não intervenção, eis que um dos mais relevantes choques axiológicos do cenário internacional ocorre entre os conceitos de soberania e direitos humanos. O presente artigo busca, portanto, abordar o conflito entre os conceitos de intervenção humanitária e soberania a fim de demonstrar a possível – e necessária – flexibilização do princípio da não intervenção. Por fim, apreciar-se-á o conceito, bem como a legalidade e a legitimidade do instituto da intervenção humanitária com objetivo de sustentar a ideia de que a comunidade internacional tem o direito, e até mesmo o dever, de realizá-las.
Necrotizing Fasciitis Caused by Photobacterium damselae: The First Case in Portugal
Authors: Guimaraes Diogo , Ribeiro Luís , Vieira Luís , Coelho Ruben
Published: August 2020

Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection with a high mortality rate and therefore requires emergent surgical treatment. Several microorganisms can cause this infection, Photobacterium damselae being one of them, with only eight cases previously published in the literature. We report the first ever case of necrotizing fasciitis, caused by this microorganism, in Portugal. In this case report the patient survived after several debridement procedures and reconstruction of the upper limb with acellular dermal matrix and skin graft. A brief review of the Photobacterium damselae soft tissue infection reports as well as the clinical presentation, diagnosis, pathophysiology and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis can also be found in this paper.
Fatsa’da kuaför salonlarında çalışanların kanla bulaşan hastalıklar konusundaki bilgi düzeyleri ve uygulamaları
Authors: GÜNEY Yusuf , DABAK Şennur
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Ordu İli Fatsa
İlçesi’ndeki kuaförlerin kanla bulaşan hastalıklarla ilgili bilgi düzeylerinin
ve etkileyen etmenlerin, bu hastalıklar hakkında bazı görüş ve uygulamalarının
saptanmasıdır. Yöntem: Kesitsel
tipteki araştırma Ordu İli Fatsa İlçesi’nde yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın
evrenini ilçede bulunan 141 kadın ve erkek kuaför salonu ile bu salonlarda
çalışanlar oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem seçilmemiş olup 15/07/2015-15/09/2015
tarihleri arasında araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 133 kuaför salonunda
çalışan 228 kişiyle yüz yüze görüşülerek anketler doldurulmuştur. İşyeri
sahiplerinden ve çalışanlardan sözlü onamları alınarak işyeri soru formu ve
çalışan soru formu doldurulmuştur. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki-kare Testi
kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan salonların %18.1’inde havlular, %14.3’ünde
örtüler her kullanımdan sonra yıkanmakta olup; en sık kullanılan sterilizatör, %51.9 ile ultraviyole kabinlerdir.
Çalışanların %68.9’u Hepatit B’ye karşı ya aşısız ya da eksik aşılıdır.
Çalışanların %28.9’unun AIDS,
%36.0’sının Hepatit B, %58.8’inin Hepatit C ile ilgili bilgi düzeyi yetersiz
olup; 15-19 yaş grubunda olanlarda ve hijyen eğitimi almayanlarda bilgi düzeyi
yetersiz olanların oranı istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde daha yüksektir. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda hijyen eğitimi almanın
Hepatit B, AIDS ve Hepatit C bilgi düzeyini artırdığı görülmüştür. Kuaför
çalışanlarının zaten zorunlu olan hijyen eğitimini, denetim mekanizmaları
devreye sokularak almaları sağlanmalı ve belirli aralıklarla yenilenmelidir.
Hepatit B’ye karşı aşılanmamış olan çalışanlara aşılarını birinci basamak
sağlık kuruluşlarında ücretsiz yaptırabilecekleri söylenmelidir.
Büro çalışanlarında sağlığın geliştirilmesi müdahale çalışması; kazanılan deneyimler ve yaşanan güçlükler
Authors: ÖZCEBE Hilal , BİLİR Nazmi , KONŞUK ÜNLÜ Hande , KİN İŞLER Ayşe , KOŞAR Şükran Nazan
Published: August 2020

Amaç: İşyerlerinde sağlığın geliştirilmesi önemli çalışma
alanlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Bu proje kapsamında bir devlet kuruluşu
ile bir üniversite arasında yapılan protokol çerçevesinde büro çalışanlarına
yönelik sağlığın geliştirilmesi müdahale modeli geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Proje
çalışmalarının başında durum saptama çalışması yapılmıştır. Müdahaleler
sırasında konferans, poster ve broşürler, bilgisayar üzerinden kısa mesajlar ve
etkinlikler düzenlenmiştir. Müdahale sonrasında tekrar bir araştırma ile
katılanların davranış değişiklikleri ve proje hakkındaki görüşleri
öğrenilmiştir. Bulgular: Projenin
birinci ve ikinci aşama çalışmalarına katılan 441 kişinin müdahaleler
hakkındaki görüşleri ve beyan ettikleri davranış değişiklikleri değerlendirilmiştir.
Katılımcıların %78.1’i proje çerçeevsinde yapılan müdahaleleri çok etkili ve
etkili olarak değerlendirmişlerdir. Çalışmaya katılanların %70,7’si son bir yıl içinde daha sağlıklı olmaya
özen gösterdiklerini belirtmişlerdir.  En fazla yapılan davranış
değişikliği spor yapma (%46.2), kiloyu koruma (%37.8), kilo verme (%31.1), yeme
alışkanlıklarını sağlıklı hale getirme (%31.1) olmuştur. Geçen yıl sigara içen
104 kişiden %10.6’sı sigarayı bırakmış, %6.7’si günde içtiği sigara sayısını
azaltmıştır. Stresini azaltmayı sağlama ise %16.3 olarak belirtilmiştir. Sonuç: Büro
çalışanlarında sağlığın geliştirilmesi amacına yönelik bu çalışma Türkiye’de
ilk kez yapılan bir örnektir. Büro tipi işyerlerinde kişilerin sağlıklı
beslenme, fiziksel aktivitelerinin artırılması ve tütün kullanımının
bıraktırılmasına ilişkin bilgilendirme, farkındalık artırma ve ortam oluşturma
gibi müdahalelerin kurum olanaklarıyla gerçekleştirilebileceği bu çalışmada
gösterilmiştir. Tüm
bu çalışmaların sonuçlarıyla “büro tipi işyerlerinde sağlığın geliştirilmesine”
yönelik bir model oluşturulabileceği görüşündeyiz.
Long-Term Changes in Soil Properties and Microbial Communities are Continuous Cropping Obstacles Associated with American Ginseng (Panax Quinquefolius L.) Cultivation
Authors: Li Chongwei , Chen Guozhong , Zhang Jianlong , Bai Xinfu , Zhu Ping , Hou Yuping , Zhang Xingxiao
Published: August 2020

This study aims to verify the time-variant feature of American ginseng (AG) continuous cropping obstacles and to explore the factors impeding continuous cropping. We verified the feature with a plant-soil feedback pot experiment and then investigated the factors by comparing the properties of control soils that had not been previously used for growing ginseng (CS) with those of soils with a 10-year-crop-rotation cycle following the growth of AG (RS). It’s found that the survival rate of AG in RS was lower than that in CS. The RS had lower pH, available potassium content, and urease activity. Additionally, p-coumaric, p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, caffeic, and cinnamic acid levels were lower in RS than in CS, but salicylic acid levels showed the opposite pattern. RS had higher Rhodanobacter and lower Acidothermus, Sphingomonas relative abundances in bacterial community. It’s also found that many bacteria were substantially correlated with phenolic acids and soil physiochemical properties. Results indicate that even after 10-year crop rotation, the negative effects of prior continuous cropping of AG has not been eliminated. The growth of AG can be affected negatively with deterioration of soil physicochemical properties and with lower levels of phenolic acids which promote pathogen reproduction. Probiotics reduction also weighs. Moreover, biotic factors are interrelated with abiotic ones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the comprehensive change of soil properties is the main obstacle for continuous cropping.
Communication Networks used by Smallholder Livestock Farmers in Disease Outbreaks: Case Study of the Free State, South Africa
Authors: Nwafor Christopher , Nwafor Ifeoma
Published: August 2020

Smallholder livestock farmers utilize their existing communication networks as information sources. This study explored these information sources, frequency of contacts and perceived usefulness of information from these sources. Using descriptive and correlation analysis, it categorized respondents according to total information score and explored the relationship between their scores and socio-economic characteristics. Findings show that 65% of farmers in the area scored a high reliance on fellow farmers and extension officials. Mass media sources such as radio and television scored low on perceived usefulness. The correlation coefficients for age (-0.228), farming experience (0.183), extension visits (0.002) and information contacts (0.214) were significant (p<0.05). Level of education (0.256), herd size (0.067) and perceived usefulness of information contacts (0.252) were also significant (p<0.01). Gender, household size, income, cooperative participation and access to financial services were not correlated to the total information scores of respondents. It was recommended that mass media sources in the area be supported by extension communication specialists to disseminate livestock-health related information.
Linking Cultural Heritage with Cultural Tourism Development: A Way to Develop Tourism Sustainably
Authors: Hong Van Vu
Published: August 2020

This study presents the main ideas of sustainable cultural tourism development, a form of tourism associated with work discover and explore the culture of each region. It implies taking into account economic, environmental and socio-cultural aspects by tourism planning and management. The paper presents the historical background of the idea of sustainability, the factors that affect the sustainability of culture in tourism development. The author emphasizes the negative effects of tourism on cultural preservation that can be prevented by applying the principles of sustainable development; at the same time, propose solutions to balance economic development and cultural preservation.
On the Jupiter's influence on the measurement of the gravitational constant
Authors: Cheng Zhi
Published: August 2020

This article analyzes in detail the influence of Jupiter on the measurement of the gravitational constant. Including a specific estimate of the change in the gravitational constant caused by the change of the earth's orbital position every half month. The influence of Jupiter's perihelion and aphelion on the gravitational constant is also estimated. On this basis, this article analyzes the data with specific time records such as BIPM-01, BIPM-14, JILA-10, UCI-14, HUST-09. The analysis results show that after considering the influence of Jupiter, the experimental results have been significantly improved.
Arthroscopic Evaluation and Treatment of Complications That Arise Following Prosthetic Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Parker David B. , Smith Andrew C. , Fleckenstein Cassie M. , Hasan Samer S.
Published: August 2020

» Arthroscopy may be used to diagnose symptomatic glenoid loosening following anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA), and arthroscopic glenoid component removal may suffice as treatment for some patients.

» Arthroscopy may be used to diagnose shoulder prosthetic joint infection (PJI) following aTSA and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Tissues are biopsied from multiple sites within the joint and the subdeltoid or subacromial space, and they are cultured for a minimum of 14 days.

» Postoperative adhesions arising after prosthetic shoulder arthroplasty (PSA) may be released arthroscopically. However, other problems contributing to shoulder stiffness such as component malpositioning or shoulder PJI require additional intervention.

» Arthroscopy may be used to repair select rotator cuff tears that arise acutely following aTSA, but chronic attritional tears do not heal after repair; therefore, revision to RSA often is needed.

» Many complications following PSA, such as infection, fixed instability, humeral component loosening, and major humeral or glenoid bone loss, are not adequately treated using arthroscopic techniques. However, arthroscopy following PSA may help to diagnose and treat other complications, even as the precise indications following aTSA and RSA remain unclear.
Comparative Analysis of Text Mining Results With Tf ldf Features and SQL Like Operator in Indonesian News Search
Authors: Riwa Rambu Hada Enda  , Fajar Hariadi
Published: August 2020

Research on the implementation of text mining uses the TF IDF method to be used in the Information retrieval / Indonesian news search feature. The dataset used was sourced from NewsAPI and built a Codeigniter based website named "News Plus Six Dua". This study also uses the Vertor Space Model (VSM) method to overcome the weaknesses of the TF IDF method at the time of the sorting process. The results of this study explain that the search by the TF IDF method has higher accuracy when compared to SQL like operators. TF IDF produces a percentage of precision 100% and recall (sensitivity) 66.7% on searches with the keyword "Indonesian soccer schedule" while SQL like operators do not display search results or equal to 0%. But the TF IDF method has the disadvantage of running slower than SQL like operators. This has been tested using either the number of words or terms entered, the number of datasets, and the location of access. At the location of access, access via hosting is monitored faster when compared via localhost.
Highly multiplexed quantifications of 299 somatic mutations in colorectal cancer patients by automated MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Xu Chang , Peng Danli , Li Jialu , Chen Meihua , Hu Yujie , Hou Mingliang , Shang Qingjuan , Liang Qi , Li Jie , Li Wenfeng , Wu Xiaoli , Liu Changbao , Hu Wanle , Cai Mao , Zhang Huxiang , Chen Guorong , Yu Lingling , Zheng Xiaoqun , Jiang Feizhao , Luan Ju , Jin Shengnan , Ding Chunming
Published: August 2020

Background: Detection of somatic mutations in tumor tissues helps to understand tumor biology and guide treatment selection. Methods such as quantitative PCR can analyze a few mutations with high efficiency, while next generation sequencing (NGS) based methods can analyze hundreds to thousands of mutations. However, there is a lack of cost-effective method for quantitatively analyzing tens to a few hundred mutations of potential biological and clinical significance. Methods: Through a comprehensive database and literature review we selected 299 mutations associated with colorectal cancer. We then designed a highly multiplexed assay panel (8-wells covering 299 mutations in 109 genes) based on an automated MADLI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS) platform. The multiplex panel was tested with a total of 319 freshly frozen tissues and 92 FFPE samples from 229 colorectal cancer patients, with 13 samples also analyzed by a targeted NGS method covering 532 genes. Results: Multiplex somatic mutation panel based on MALDI-TOF MS detected and quantified at least one somatic mutation in 142 patients, with KRAS, TP53 and APC being the most frequently mutated genes. Extensive validation by both capillary sequencing and targeted NGS demonstrated high accuracy of the multiplex MS assay. Out of 35 mutations tested with plasmid constructs, sensitivities of 5% and 10% mutant allele frequency were achieved for 19 and 16 mutations, respectively. Conclusions: Automated MALDI-TOF MS offers an efficient and cost-effective platform for highly multiplexed quantitation of 299 somatic mutations, which may be useful in studying the biological and clinical significance of somatic mutations with large numbers of cancer tissues.
Medical Costs of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency-Associated COPD in the United States
Authors: Sieluk Jan , Slejko Julia F , Silverman Henry , Perfetto Eleanor , Mullins C. Daniel
Published: August 2020

Background

There are limited data on economic aspects of the genetic variant of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the context of the more prevalent form of COPD. The objective of this study was to isolate the healthcare resource utilization and economic burden attributable to the presence of a genetic factor among COPD patients with and without Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency (AATD), twelve months before and after their initial COPD diagnosis.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of OptumLabs® Data Warehouse claims (OLDW; 2000 – 2017). The OLDW is a comprehensive, longitudinal real-world data asset with de-identified lives across claims and clinical information. AATD-associated COPD cases were matched with up to 10 unique non-AATD-associated COPD controls. Healthcare resource use and costs were assigned into the following categories: office (OV), outpatient (OP), and emergency room visits (ER), inpatients stays (IP), prescription drugs (RX), and other services (OTH). A generalized linear model was used to estimate total pre- and post-index (initial COPD diagnosis) costs from a third-party payer’s perspective (2018 USD) controlling for confounders. Healthcare resource utilization was estimated using a negative binomial regression.

Results

The study population consisted of 8,881 patients (953 cases matched with 7,928 controls). The AATD-associated COPD cohort had higher expenditures and use of OV and OTH services, as well as OV, OP, ER, RX, and OTH before and after the index date, respectively. Adjusted total cost ratios for AATD-associated COPD patients as compared to controls were 2.04 [95% CI: 1.60 – 2.59] and 1.98 [95% CI: 1.55 – 2.52] while the incremental cost difference totaled $6,861 [95% CI: $3,025 - $10,698] and $5,772 [95% CI: $1,940 - $9,604] per patient before and after the index date, respectively.

Conclusions

Twelve months before and after their initial COPD diagnosis, patients with AATD incur higher healthcare utilization costs that are double the cost of similar COPD patients without AATD. This study also suggests that increased costs of AATD-associated COPD are not solely attributable to augmentation therapy use. Future studies should further explore the relationship between augmentation therapy, healthcare resource use, and other AATD-associated COPD expenditures.
National mapping of soil-transmitted helminth and schistosome infections in Ethiopia
Authors: Leta Gemechu Tadesse , Mekete Kalkidan , Wuletaw Yonas , Gebretsadik Abeba , Sime Heven , Mekasha Sindew , Woyessa Adugna , Shafi Oumer , Vercruysse Jozef , Grimes Jack ET , Gardiner Iain , French Michael , Levecke Bruno , Drake Lesley , Harrison Wendy , Fenwick Alan
Published: August 2020

Background: An accurate understanding of the geographical distributions of both soil-transmitted helminths (STHs; Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale) and schistosomes (SCH; Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium) is pivotal to be able to effectively design and implement mass drug administration (MDA) programmes. The objective of this study was to provide up-to-date data on the distribution of both STH and SCH in Ethiopia to inform the design of the national control program and to be able to efficiently achieve the 75% MDA coverage target set by the WHO.Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, we assessed the distributions of STH and SCH infections in a nationwide survey covering 153,238 school-aged children (aged 5–15 years), from 625 woredas (districts), representing all nine Regional States and two City Administrations of Ethiopia. Nationwide disease maps were developed at the woreda level to enable recommendations on the design of the national MDA programme.Results: The prevalence of any STH infection across the study population was 21.7%, with A. lumbricoides (12.8%) being the most prevalent STH, followed by hookworms (7.6%) and T. trichiura (5.9%). The prevalence for any SCH was 4.0% in areas where both SCH species were evaluated. Schistosoma mansoni was the most prevalent SCH (3.5 vs 0.3%). STHs were more prevalent in southwest Ethiopia, whereas SCH was found mostly in the west and northeast of the country. The prevalence of moderate-to-heavy intensity infections was 2.0% for STHs and 1.6% for SCH. For STH, a total of 251 woredas were classified as moderately (n = 178) or highly endemic (n = 73), and therefore qualify for an annual and biannual MDA program, respectively. For SCH, 67 woredas were classified as endemic and 8 as highly endemic, and hence they require every two years and annual MDA programme, respectively.Conclusions: The results confirm that Ethiopia is endemic for both STHs and SCH, posing a significant public health problem. Following the WHO recommendations on mass drug administration, 18 and 14 million school-aged children are in need of MDA for STHs and SCH, respectively, based on the number of SACs that live on the eligible geographical areas.
The Invasion Depth Measurement of Bladder Cancer based on MRI
Authors: Liu Yang , Zheng Haojie , Xu Xiaopan , Zhang Xi , Du Peng , Liang Jimin , Lu Hongbing
Published: August 2020

Background: Invasion depth is an important index for staging and clinical treatment strategy of bladder cancer (BCa). The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of segmenting the BCa region from bladder wall region on MRI, and quantitatively measuring the invasion depth of the tumor mass in bladder lumen for further clinical decision-making. This retrospective study involved 20 eligible patients with postoperatively pathologically-confirmed BCa. It was conducted in the following steps: (1) a total of 1159 features were extracted from each voxel of both the certain cancerous and wall tissues with the T2-weighted (T2W) MRI data; (2) the support vector machine (SVM)-based recursive feature elimination (RFE) method was implemented to first select an optimal feature subset, and then develop the classification model for the precise separation of the cancerous regions; (3) after excluding the cancerous region from the bladder wall, the three-dimensional bladder wall thickness (BWT) was calculated using Laplacian method, and the invasion depth of BCa was eventually defined by the subtraction of the minimum BWT of the cancerous region and the mean BWT other than the cancerous region.Results: The segmented results showed a promising accuracy, with the mean Dice similarity coefficient of 0.921. The “soft boundary” defined by the voxels with the probabilities between 0.1 and 0.9 could demonstrate the overlapped region of cancerous and wall tissues. The invasion depth calculated from proposed segmentation method was compared with that from manual segmentation, with a mean difference of 0.277 mm.Conclusion: The proposed strategy could accurately segment the BCa region, and, as the first attempt, realize the quantitative measurement of BCa invasion depth.