bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PEMBUATAN SELULOSA ASETAT DARI α -SELULOSA TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: M Roganda L Lumban Gaol  , Roganda Sitorus  , Yanthi S  , Indra Surya  , Renita Manurung
Published: October 2019

Utilization of empty fruit bunches of oil palm in Indonesia is still very low, so it should be developed further. One of them by researching the manufacture of cellulose acetate from oil palm empty fruit bunches. The process used in this study is the cellanase with α-cellulose materials. Stages reaction is activation, acetylation, hydrolysis, neutralization and drying. Activation in thethree-neck flask with the addition of 50 ml of glacial acetic acid and stirredfor 3 hour,then added 15 ml of acetic acid anhydride as acetylation agent. Acetylation performed with the variation of time, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 hours.  In the hydrolysis step, add 2 ml of water and5 ml of glacial acetic acid. The reaction lasted for 30 minutes, then added 1 g of sodium acetate for neutralization, neutralization lasts for 5 minutes.  Then do the washing up to the smell of acetic acid is lost, and the last stage is the drying is done with a temperature below 50 oC.  The resulting products are then analyzed the degree of substitution, melting point, and then carried out FTIR analysis.  The results obtained when the optimum conditions for the acetylation reaction is 2.5 - 3 hours.
STUDI SOLIDIFIKASI POLIETERSULFON DALAM PELARUT N-METIL-2-PIRROLIDON DENGAN ADITIV POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE DAN 2-(METHACRYLOYLOXY) ETHYL PHOSPHORYL CHLOLINE
Authors: Nasrul Arahman  , Sri Aprilia  , Teuku Maimun
Published: October 2019

In membrane preparation process via phase inversion method, the morphology of fabricated membranes are determined by composition and concentration of polymer, solvent, and non-solvent. The basic knowledge of the appropriate composition of those components are needed by cloud point experiment. In this work, the study on cloud point experiment have been done to investigate the solidification process of polymer system of polyethersulfone (PES) and 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphoryl chloline (MPC) in N-methyl-2-pirrolidon (NMP) via phase inversion technique. Hydrofilik polymer MPC were used as a membrane modifying agent (MMA) in order to modify the surface property of fabricated membrane. In sum, addition of PVP and MPC into polymer solution brought about reducing amount of non-solvent necessary  to obtain the cloud point of solution.
PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN DARI CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) SEBAGAI PENGAWET IKAN KEMBUNG (Rastrelliger sp) DAN IKAN LELE (Clarias batrachus)
Authors: Sari Wahyu Waryani  , Rika Silvia  , Farida Hanum
Published: October 2019

The efforts that should be made to maintain the quality of fish is by using antimicrobial compounds, one of which is chitosan. In this research, characterization of chitosan from shell snail (Achatina fulica) has a water content of 5.07%, ash content of 1.8% and the degree of deacetylation (DD) 75.13%. The use of chitosan in this study was to determine the optimal conditions on chitosan concentration and storage time of mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) from the microbiological and organoleptic aspects. This research used a variation of the concentration of chitosan was 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% dissolved in 1% acetic acid. Observations were do with variation the storage time 10 hours, 15 hours, 20 hours and 25 hours and the provision of chitosan solution by soaking and spraying with the observation parameters Total Volatile Base (TVB), organoleptic and pH of fish. Based on the analysis, the results showed that the maximum concentration of chitosan on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) and catfish (Clarias batrachus) is 1,5% and treatment by means of immersion is the best treatment. The use of chitosan solution on mackerel (Rastrelliger sp) survived 20 hours while catfish (Clarias batrachus) survived 15 hours.
SINTESIS α-PINENE MENJADI α-TERPINEOL MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS H2SO4 DENGAN VARIASI SUHU REAKSI DAN VOLUME ETANOL
Authors: Elvianto Dwi Daryono
Published: October 2019

This study is intended to explore the optimum temperature reaction and volume of ethanol in the synthesis of α-pinene to α-terpineol. Turpentine oils that is used in this study contains α-pinene by 79.05%. In this study the variables used is the reaction temperature (60º, 70º, and 80ºC) and the volume of ethanol (105, 115, 125, 135 and 145 mL). Synthesis is done during 4 hours using a three-neck flask, condenser, hot plate, a magnetic stirrer, and a thermometer with a stirring speed of scale 7(350-700 rpm). After that, the results is neutralized to pH 7 using NaOH 5% then it is diluted with ethanol in 250 mL volumetric flask. Synthesized samples were analyzed by Gas Chromatography method. In this study, the highest concentration of α-terpineol obtained 57.05% with yield 67,79% at temperature reaction 70oC and the volume of ethanol is 135 mL.
PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DARI TEPUNG AMPAS TEBU MELALUI PROSES HIDROLISIS TERMAL DAN FERMENTASI: PENGARUH PH, JENIS RAGI, DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI
Authors: Irvan  , Popphy Prawati  , Bambang Trisakti
Published: October 2019

Bioethanol is ethanol, which made from starch, glucose, or cellulose of plants. In this research, it has been made from cellulose of sugarcane baggase. This research was conducted to study about the effect of pH, yeast type and the duration of fermentation to yield’s ethanol. The main processes in this research were thermal hydrolysis by liquid hot water (LHW) method, fermentation by using  Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purification by vacuum distillation. The variables in this research were pH 4; 4,5; and 5; baker’s yeast and fermented glutinous cassava; and the duration of fermentation were 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days. Based on the analysis of the yield, the volume of bioethanol is 23 mL with 0,95 g/ml density and 161,59 kkal/kg heat value as the best yield, under the condition of  pH 5 and 4 days of the duration of fermentation using baker’s yeast.
PENGUJIAN KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKUATAN LENTUR KOMPOSIT HIBRID PLASTIK BEKAS KEMASAN GELAS JENIS POLIPROPILENA/ SERBUK KAYU KELAPA TERMODIFIKASI/SERBUK SERAT KACA TIPE E
Authors: Silvia  , Castiqliana  , Halimatuddahliana
Published: October 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of modified coconut wood flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene addition in tensile strength and flexural strength of hybrid composite. Modification of coconut wood flour was also done to reduce the polarity. The hybrid composites were prepared by mixing method into an extruder. Glass Fiber Flour and maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene composition were made constant at 10 wt.% and 2 wt.% respectively and modified coconut wood flour composition was varied from 10 - 40 wt.%. Tensile test and flexural test were done. The results showed that addition of 20 wt.% modified coconut wood flour had given maximum tensile strength of 24,1 MPa and addition of 30 wt.% modified coconut wood flour had given maximum flexural strength of 31,2 MPa also inclination of both tensile and flexural strength of hybrid composite using maleic anhydride-g-polypropylene.
PENGARUH BERAT PATI DAN VOLUME PLASTICIZER GLISEROL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM BIOPLASTIK PATI KENTANG
Authors: Afiifah Radhiyatullah  , Novita Indriani  , M. Hendra S. Ginting
Published: October 2019

Bioplastics are plastics which can be degraded by microorganisms and is made from renewable materials. Plastic film is made from potato starch (contain of starch that founded in potatoes is 22-28%), glycerol as a plasticizer and acetic acid as a catalyst. The purpose of this reasearch is to determine glycerol variation and starch weight effect on the characteristics of potato starch plastic films. Manufacture of plastic films use blending starch method with potato starch weight variations (10 g, 15 g and 20 g) and glycerol volume variations (0 ml, 1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml). Bioplastic analysis are FTIR test, tensile strength that is supported by SEM analysis. The results obtained in the FTIR analysis does not form a new cluster on potato starch plastic film, neither on the plastic film with or without glycerol. FTIR results obtained in two plastic film are the change of OH, C = C, and CH groups strain. The strain value of OH group on potato starch is 3579.88 cm-1 turned into 2978.09 cm-1 for plastic film without glycerol while the plastic film with glycerol to be 3541.31 cm -1 and 2970.38 cm-1. C = C group is 1635.64 cm-1turned to 1697.36 cm -1 and 1697.36 cm -1. As for CH group is 2873.79 cm -1 turned to 2877.79 cm -1 and 2870.08 cm -1. And tensile strength of plastic film decreased with increasing glycerol volume. Maximum tensile strength of plastic film occurs when potato starch weight is 10 g and glycerol volume is 0 ml is 9.397 MPa. While SEM results obtained confirm on tensile strength plastic film, where there are voids, indentations and insoluble starch clump starch that can affect the value of tensile strength plastic film.
PENGARUH TINGGI TUMPUKAN PADA PENGOMPOSAN TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT MENGGUNAKAN PUPUK ORGANIK AKTIF DARI LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT DI DALAM KOMPOSTER MENARA DRUM
Authors: Chamsa Triyadi  , Yosi Rahman  , Bambang Trisakti
Published: October 2019

This research aims to determine the composting technique for Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) and to collect the degration data during composting of EFB in order to get a high quality compost. The composting process was started with cutting the EFB into four parts before it was put into composter and then followed by the addition of Activated Liquid Organic Fertilizer (ALOF) until the optimum moisture content (MC) of 55-65 % was reached. The parameters of temperature, MC, pH, C/N ratio, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Water Holding Capacity (WHC), Bacterial Count (BC) and the quality of compost were analyzed through the process. The results of this research showed that the compost were well done in about 10 days and the best degradation during the 40 days of composting was obtained in which value of MC, pH, C, N, C/N ratio, EC, WHC and BC were 79,14%; 8,1; 25,16%;1,20%; 20,97; 4,725 dS/m; 60% and 107 CFU/ml, respectively.
PEMBUATAN PEKTIN DARI KULIT MARKISA KUNING (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) YANG DIMODIFIKASI
Authors: Riyan Riski Sarandi  , Yusro Alhusna  , Setiaty Pandia
Published: October 2019

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) peel, a waste from yellow passion  fruit industry could be utilized to extract pectin. The objectives of this study  were to extract and modify yellow passion fruit pectin from HMP (High Metoxyl Pectin) to LMP (Low Metoxyl Pectin) and compare characteristic both of them. This research was conducted in pectin extraction and then  modify pH of pectin used natrium hydroxide and chloric acid. The result of this research showed that modified pectin succeded to decrease degree of esterification from HMP to become LMP. Modified pectin had a brighter color or not too browny and no aroma. Function group analysis showed that shift in peaks in FTIR confimed a decrease of number methylated –COOH group. The resulting pectins also gelled by charge compensation with acid. It was found a new function group in modified pectin, which was of C=C (aromatic) group. The yield of pectin by extracting was 2,54 % and yiled of pectin after modifying was 94,73 %.
PENGARUH JARAK ANTARA ELEKTRODA PADA REAKTOR ELEKTROKOAGULASI TERHADAP PENGOLAHAN EFFLUENT LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT
Authors: Edy Saputra  , Farida Hanum
Published: October 2019

Liquid waste from palm oil mill continues to grow concurrently with the increased production of palm oil in Indonesia. Technical processing of palm oil mill effluent using anaerobic ponds are less efficient because it requires large area besides palm oil mill effluent produce greenhouse gases caused by carbon dioxide gases that are generated. Therefore we need another alternative technology such as electrocoagulation as advanced technology in processing wastewater effluent from an anaerobic column. Electrocoagulation is a wastewater treatment system that is capable of eliminating pollutants and produce hydrogen gas simultaneously as revenue to offset operating costs. This study aims to determine the effect and the best inter electrode distance to reduce pollutant parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, total solids and total suspended solids. The type of electrode material used is aluminum, the reactor dimensions 12 cm x 12 cm x 36 cm with 3 hours of operating time, voltage 10 volts, variations of inter electrode distance 0.5 cm; 1.0 cm; 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm. Samples were taken from palm oil mill PT. PP London Sumatra in Bagerpang, Tanjung Morawa. The results obtained by the percentage reduction in COD, TSS TS and the highest was 72.897% at 1.0 cm; 67.292% at 1.5 cm and 96.429% at 1.5 cm. Best distance between the electrodes was 1.5 cm.
PEMBUATAN KARBON AKTIF DARI CANGKANG BUAH KARET (Hevea brasilliensis) DENGAN AKTIVATOR H3PO4 DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI PENJERAP Cr(VI)
Authors: Muhammad Zulfadhli  , Iriany
Published: October 2019

Activated carbon from lignocellulosic materials are renewable, abundant, and inexpesive. Rubber shell activated carbon that activated chemicaly has abilty to adsorp heavy metal. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of phosphoric acid concentration toward characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon, and  its ability to adsorp Cr(VI). The materials used in this research are rubber shell, aquadest, and Cr(VI) solution. This research was started by impregnating rubber shell with phosphoric acid at 20%, 40% and 60% for 1 hour and then sample was carbonizated in furnace at 500oC for 1 hour. After that, activated carbon was applied to adsorp Cr(VI). The characteristic of surface area of rubber shell activated carbon are measured by BET method. Furthermore, the residual concentration of Cr(VI) was measured with Atomic Adsortion Spectrophotometer. The result shows that characteristics of rubber shell activated carbon such as moisture content, ash content, volatile matter have fulfilled National Standard of Indonesia (SNI) except ash content of activated carbon that activated by 20% phosphoric acid. Surface area of activated carbon has fulfilled the standard of commercial adsorbent. The largest adsorption capasity is obtained using Rubber shell activated carbon that activated by 40% phosphoric acid with adsorption percentage 96,67%.
OPTIMASI SINTESIS ASAM AZELAT DARI ASAM OLEAT DAN HIDROGEN PEROKSIDA MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM TUNGSTAT
Authors: Zuhrina Masyithah  , Maria Paula Sihombing  , Lawrena Valentine Br. Tohang
Published: October 2019

Azealic acid is an oleochemical product which is an output from oleic acid with oxidation cleavage process and commonly its aplication in polymer industry such as nylon production, plastic industry, glue industry and also as fiber in polyester industry. The purpose of this research is to obtain comparison design and analysis of variance in two method of synthesis azelaic acid namely one step and two steps oxidation. The result design reviewed by Response Surface Methodology using Minitab 17 trial version program with percent mass of the catalyst variable, molar ratio of the substrate variable and temperature variable. Based on the statistic analysis the percentage conversion (Y)in one step Y : 97,99 + 3,907X1 + 3,651X2 – 4,556X3 – 1,467X12 – 4,299X22 – 4,453X32 + 0,57X1X2 + 0,63X1X3 + 1,37X2X3 and for two steps Y : 98,505 + 6,164X2 + 2,164X3-7,83X22-5,18X32. The design has R2 = 92,80 % for one step and 89,95 % in two steps.
EKSTRAKSI ABU VULKANIK GUNUNG SINABUNG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN SILIKA GEL
Authors: Maulida  , Melva Ginting  , Herlinawati Wici
Published: October 2019

Silica gel is one of the silica based material. This research aimed to utilizetion volcanic ash of Sinabung mountains to make silica gel by extraction method. Volcanic ash was extracted using NaOH 4M for 30, 60, 190 and 120 minutes. Gel was formed by addip HCl 4, 6,and 8M. Sample were analyzed of using FTIR, SEM-EDX, gravimetri and AAS. Analysis silica sodium solution with concentration variation showed the biggest silica was 120 minutes. FTIR result indicated the presence of Si in volcanic ash and siloxane (Si-O-Si). SEM-EDX result silica content of silica gel was 51.96%. XRD result showed that diameter of silica was 33.412 nm and the crystallinity was 89%. Silica was applied on the largest Cu (II) absorption rate was130.725 mg/g with an adsorption efficiency of 98.66%.
STUDI PENGOLAHAN AIR BUANGAN DOMESTIK MENGGUNAKAN DIGESTER ANAEROBIK SATU TAHAP DAN DUA TAHAP
Authors: Tamaria Kesia Hutasoit  , Halimatuddahliana  , Amir Husin
Published: October 2019

This research provides an analyzed performance of one and two-stage anaerobic digestion processes. One-stage and two-stage analyzed, individual, from substrate degradation, microbiological, metabolite and biogas production. First, the research initiated by acclimatization in a neutral condition and acid condition. Both one (R1) and two-stage (R2) digesters filled up with domestic wastewater. Into the digesters, it added cow dung as inoculums. pH in R1 maintained at pH 7 for 40 days and pH 5.5 in two-stage anaerobic: first stage (R2-1) for two days. After that, the mixture added with inoculums and then adjusted at pH 7 for the second stage (R2-2) for 38 days. The results showed that the substrate removal efficiency of two-phase is higher one-phase. The highest metabolite production obtained at R2-1: the 2nd day.
PENGARUH RASIO ISOPROPIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP RECOVERY DAN KARAKTERISTIK SERBUK PEKTIN DARI KULIT KAKAO
Authors: Venitalitya A. S. Augustia  , Dian Ika Nugraha  , Sang Kompiang Wirawan
Published: October 2019

Cocoa is a fruit crop which is able to be planted in tropical climate, e.g. Indonesia. Generally, people only take the flesh of cocoa fruit and the peel is removed so that it will increase the volume of waste. The cocoa peel contains useful compounds for food and pharmaceutical industries, such as pectin. Hence, a research to increase the pectin retrieval quality from cocoa peel is needed in order to utilize the useful cocoa waste. Methods used in this research is solid-liquid extraction with water as solvent in the presence of acid (HCl). The process of making pectin powder is done through several steps here: (1) Raw material preparation, (2) Pectin extraction, and (3) Analysis of pectin powder. The extraction process is done at temperature of 70℃ for 90 minutes with the pH of the solvent is 1.5. The variation is done on the ratio of volume of isopropyl alcohol to the retrieved pectin. The result of the research shows that the recovery of pectin is at its peak at 6.50% with the percentage of water at 5,82%, equivalent weight of 6454,5242, metoxyl percentage of 5,76%, galacturonate percentage of 35,45%, and esterification level of 92,31%. The best quality of pectin, determined by the highest value of characterization, is obtained when the ratio of the filtrate to the volume of isopropyl alcohol is 1:1.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN KITOSAN TERMODIFIKASI ASAP CAIR SEBAGAI BAHAN EDIBLE COATING ANTI MIKROBA UNTUK PENGAWETAN DAGING
Authors: M. Hanafiah,  , M. Faisal  , Izarul Machdar
Published: October 2019

This research is a preliminary study of the utilization of chitosan modified with liquid smoke to produce edible coating material that can be used as a preservative of beef. Chitosan compounds obtained from shrimp shell waste, while liquid smoke produced from pyrolysis of palm shells at a temperature of 340oC. Edible coating solution with various concentrations was made by dissolving chitosan (1-1.5%) into 3% liquid smoke, which was then applied as a meat preservative. Meat samples that have been dipped edible coating for 15 minutes, then stored in the refrigerator and observed decreased endurance every 24 hours for 8 days. Analysis results of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that liquid smoke contains phenol and acetic acid compounds that have antimocrobial properties. Meat endurance test was done by analyzing the aroma, texture and color of meat. The results showed that the beef that has been coated liquid chitosan solution can last up to 7 days. Chitosan concentration affects the endurance of meat, the greater the chitosan concentration, the better the meat endurance. The optimum concentration was obtained at 1% of chitosan, the meat still has an acceptable aroma, texture and color for up to 6 days. This suggests that chitosan-liquid smoke can be used as an edible coating material.
PEMBUATAN SABUN TRANSPARAN BERBASIS MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia) SEBAGAI BAHAN ANTIOKSIDAN
Authors: Lilis Sukeksi  , Meirany Sianturi  , Lionardo Setiawan
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of alkali concentration and the amount of added morinda citrifolia toward the formed of soap product. This study begins with maserating the noni fruit with ethanol. Then the making of transparent solid soap was made in the saponification process with a fixed variable oil volume of 70 ml, reaction temperature of 80 ° C and stirring time of 60 minutes. Whereas for the independent variables alkaline solution concentrations were 26%, 28%, 30%, 32%, the amount of noni extract 0 g, 10 g, 20 g, 30 g. The responses observed were water content, acidity (pH), saponification number, free alkali, free fatty acid, foam stability, surface tension and antioxidant activity. The best results were obtained at 26% alkaline concentration and 30 g of noni extract with a moisture content of 24,10%, 0% free alkali content, pH 9,0, free fatty acid content 0,480%, saponification 200 mg / g, surface tension 29,70 dyne / cm, foam stability 81% and antioxidant activity of 153,85 0µg / µL.
PEMBUATAN KOMPOS DARI CAMPURAN 60% BERAT TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN 40% BERAT AZOLLA MICROPHYLLA DENGAN BANTUAN PUPUK CAIR ORGANIK AKTIF
Authors: Andry Hammonang Sianturi  , Immanuel Putra Riau Hutagaol  , Bambang Trisakti  , Irvan
Published: October 2019

The process of composting empty fruit bunches and Azolla microphylla by asistance active organic liquid fertilizer was an alternative in the utilization of solid waste produced from the palm oil mill. This research was to produce good quality compost from a mixture of 60%:40% weight empty fruit bunches and azolla microphylla with asistance active organic liquid fertilizer. The composting process is done by entering empty fruit bunches and Azolla microphylla on the composter and added active organic liquid fertilizer to achieve the moisture content  value of 55%-65%. During composting, the moisture content was kept on the optimum condition by adding the active organic liquid fertilizer. The parameters analyzed were temperature, moisture content, pH, water holding capacity, electrical conductivity, and C-N. The result showed that compost can be produced within ± 30 days with characteristic of pH 8.8; Moisture Content 59,92%, Water Holding Capacity 86%,  C 27.24%,  N 1.53
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG TELUR AYAM SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PADA PEMURNIAN GLISEROL DENGAN METODE ASIDIFIKASI DAN ADSORPSI
Authors: Nadeak Sandro , Mentari Hasibuan Jesica , Widya Naibaho Lies , Suriani Sinaga Mersi
Published: October 2019

Glycerol as a byproduct of biodiesel production was approximately formed 10-20% of the biodiesel weight. Impurities which contained in the glycerol such as inorganic salts, catalysts, water and matter organic non glycerol (MONG) which contained free fatty acids, fatty acids as residual of methyl ester, glycerides, and alcohols (generally methanol or ethanol) had a significant effect on glycerol concentration. We needed some treatment, especially to eliminate the impuritis. This study aims to purify glycerol by acidfication using phosphate and adsorption with chicken egg shell waste. This research was begun with the pretreatment of glycerol using phosphoric acid with the variable of test weight ratio (w/w) acid added 1: 0.2; 1: 0.4; 1: 0.6; 1: 0.8 and 1: 1 , continued with adsorption using thermally activated chicken egg shell waste with the variable weight percent adsorbent (%w/w) 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% with reaction conditions, stirring speed 250 rpm and adsorption time 120 minutes. The purest result was obtained at weight ratio (w/w) acidification of 1: 0.6, weight percent adsorbent (% w/w) 15% with glycerol content of 67.22%, density 1.171 g / cm3, moisture content 2.796%, ash content 13.852% and MONG content 16.130%.
Aktivasi Bottom Ash dari Pembakaran Batubara untuk Menurunkan Kandungan Senyawa Fosfat dalam Air
Authors: Fatimah  , Pratama Tarigan Budi , Ramadhan Alfikri
Published: October 2019

This study aims to look at the effect of bottom ash activation with NaOH on the morphological structure and content of the elements contained in bottom ash and see the effect of activation on the absorption of phosphate compounds in water by bottom ash. Bottom ash from PT SOCIMAS coal combustion has been activated with NaOH and has been used to adsorb phosphate. Phosphate used in the form of KH3PO4. Bottom ash was first characterized by SEM-EDS to see the morphological structure and the element content contained in the bottom ash. Bottom ash mass variations used are (1, 2, and 3 grams), and particle size (50-70 mesh, 70-110 mesh, and 110-140 mesh). The activation process lasts for 5 hours using 3 M NaOH, then washed to pH 7. The bottom ash is activated then characterized again with SEM-EDS to ensure the impurities present in the bottom ash are reduced. Furthermore, bottom ash is used to adsorb phosphate with time variations of 20, 40, and 60 minutes. The most effective adsorption capacity (6.39 mg / g) is at the 20th minute with a particle size of 110-140 mesh and a bottom ash mass of 1 gram. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm model is used to describe the phosphate ion adsorption isotherm by the bottom ash. Based on the data obtained, the isotherm model suitable for this research is the Freudlich (R2 = 0.9721) and Langmuir (R2 = 0.9505) isotherm model.
Ekstraksi Pektin dari Limbah Kulit Jeruk (Citrus sinensis) dengan Metode Ekstraksi Gelombang Ultrasonik Menggunakan Pelarut Asam Klorida (HCl)
Authors: Ariska Damanik Delvia , Pandia Setiaty
Published: October 2019

Pectin is complex polysaccharide contained D-galacturonic acid bonded by α -1,4 glucosidic in plant cell walls. Pectin widely used in pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. This study evaluates the effect of solvent and stirring speed on pectin characteristic. The study utilizes ultrasonic wave and acid solvent at the presence of ethanol to yield pectin following by drying to obtain dried pectin. This study carries out using 25 grams orange peels, 10 %, chloride acid solvent, 60 minutes extraction time, temperature of 60 oC, ultrasonic wave speed 50 KHz and 16 hours settling time at various solvent concentrations 0.025 N; 0.05 N; 0.075 N and stirring speed 0 rpm; 50 rpm; 100 rpm; 150 rpm. The results showed that the highest yield of pectin extraction was obtained at concentration of 0.075 N with 20.12 %; stirring speed 150 rpm, water content 8.0 %; 4,0 % ash content, and 7.44 % methoxyl content.
A job, indeed! Accessibility equity to advertised employment in Cascadia
Authors: Mayaud Jerome R , Nuttall Rohan
Published: October 2019

We build on established inequality methods to evaluate (in)equities in accessibility to advertised jobs in Portland, Seattle and Vancouver. We demonstrate the value of using postings from the world’s largest classifieds platform, Indeed.com, to complement existing employment datasets in accessibility studies.
The Balanced Scorecard Approach in Performance Measurement of The Pharmacy Installation of X Hospital Pangkalpinang
Authors: Kusumadewi Purba Ratih Puspita , Sinulingga Syamsul Rizal
Published: October 2019

Balanced Scorecard was developed as a performance management system that sees the company's overall performance through four perspectives: financial; the customer; internal business processes; learning and growth. Cooperation with the Government to serve the patients of the national health coverage needs to be accompanied by good performance especially of human capital, informational capital, and the organizational capital in order to improve the quality of service. This research aims to determine the performance of Pharmacy Installation of X Hospital Pangkalpinang on learning and growth perspective with the Balanced Scorecard approach. This research is a descriptive research. The subjects of the research are head of pharmacy, employee pharmacy, personnel data, employee training data in accordance with the indicators contained in the learning and growth perspective. The results show that there is 100% of employee retention, employee training showed improvement, and management information systems capabilities have been available. Indicators that need to be improved is adequacy of pharmacists, the satisfaction of employees, organizational culture, organizational climate, leadership, team work, and alignment.
Health Education With A Same Age Group
Authors: Chaerani Erni
Published: October 2019

One of the teen reproduce problem especially teen girl is reproduction care. The results of Riskesdas 2013 states that teen’s knowledge about the reproduction health is still low. Some efforts that medical staff could do to resolve the teen reproduction health problem through health education. This research’s aim is to acknowledge the influence of health education with a same age group against teen reproduction health knowledge approach in Pesantren Hidayatussalikin and Nurul Falah. The research plan that use is quantitative analysis with design quasi eksperimen non randomized one group pretest posttest control design to 25 given treatment respondent and 25 control respondent. The result of the research shows mean value of respondent’s knowledge when pretest was 10,34 and post test was 16,02 with p value 0,000. Therefore there is an influence of the health education with a same age group against teen reproduction health knowledge approach. This research’s result may be created as resource material on determining strategy and policy in effort to increase the teen’s knowledge about reproduction health.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif ‘Tipe Examples Non Examples’ terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA
Authors: Tulhikmah Rapiah
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pembelajaran kooperatif tipe ‘Examples Non Examples’ berdasarkan hasil belajar siswa SMA Negeri 1 Galesong pada larutan elektrolit, larutan non elektrolit, dan reaksi redoks. Examples Non Examples adalah metode pembelajaran dengan menggunakan gambar yang disajikan sesuai dengan kilauan dari ‘Examples Non Examples’. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 33 siswa SMA Negeri 1 Galesong, tahun akademik 2013/2014. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan hasil belajar siswa (post test). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan Examples Non Examples dalam pembelajaran kimia adalah 81,45% dengan kelulusan kelas 87,87%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa efektivitas Examples Non Examples' dalam pembelajaran kimia adalah 72,03%.
Pemanfaatan Media Bahan Alam Daun Menyirip Dalam Mengenalkan Calistung Pada Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Haryanti Dwi
Published: October 2019

Membaca, menulis, dan berhitung atau calistung bukanlah tahapan perkembangan kemampuan keterampilan yang dapat begitu saja dikuasai anak. Calistung adalah tahapan dasar orang bisa mengenal huruf dan angka dimana membaca merupakan suatu proses rumit yang melibatkan aktivitas auditif (pendengaran) dan visual (penglihatan) untuk memperoleh makna dari simbol berupa huruf atau kata. Daun menyirip merupakan media bahan alam yang digunakan sebagai media pengenalan calistung di RA Hadiqotul Amin Puding Besar. Media ini adalah salah satu yang bisa digunakan oleh guru dalam perkembangan calistung anak usia 5 – 6 tahun. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan atau (field research) yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan dan memaparkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media bahan alam (daun menyirip) dapat menjadi media dalam mengenalkan membaca, menulis dan berhitung untuk anak usia dini, apalagi anak usia prasekolah, yakni 5-6 tahun. Anak dapat belajar langsung untuk melihat benda konkret tanpa harus menerka dari sebuah gambar. Media bahan alam merupakan media yang baik untuk digunakan dalam mengenalkan calistung pada anak usia dini. Harapannya guru dapat meningkatkan kreatifitasnya lagi dalam meningkatkan pembelajaran yang aktif dan menyenangkan sehingga tujuan pembelajaran bisa tercapai dengan baik.
Pentingnya Ganjaran dan Hukuman terhadap Perilaku Kemandirian Siswa dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Tujuh Syarifah Daeng
Published: October 2019

Ganjaran dan hukuman dalam pendidikan merupakan sesuatu yang dibutuhkan dalam pendidikan. Ganjaran merupakan hadiah atas perbuatan baik atau prestasi yang dihasilkan oleh peserta didik, sedangkan hukuman merupakan efek jera terhadap pelanggaran peraturan yang dilakukan oleh peserta didik, namun perlu didingat bahwa hukuman itu tidak berbentuk siksaan tapi mengarah kepada motivasi belajar dan latihan kemandirian. Ganjaran dan hukuman sangat penting untuk melatih kemandirian peserta didik, terutama yang bergelut dalam pendidikan islam, untuk memperoleh pendidikan yang berkualitas
Konsep Pendidikan Anak Prasekolah Dalam Perspektif Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah
Authors: Rosidi Rosidi
Published: October 2019

Peran edukatif keluarga (orang tua) telah melemah dikarenakan melilitnya persolanaan ekonomi, derasnya pengaruh budaya dan kerasnya perubahan sosial politik yang menggeser tata nilai, watak dan perilaku dalam pola hidup yang tidak berpihak pada kenyamanan anak-anak. Tulisan ini akan mengulas tentang konsep ajaran Islam terhadap pentingya pendidikan anak usia dini dan usia prasekolah melalui pemikiran seorang tokoh muslim Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah merupakan sosok yang memiliki kematangan berfikir dan berkarya, karena ia berguru dan bergaul dengan komunitas yang memiliki etose keilmuan yang sangat tinggi dan diketahui kecemerlangan pikirannya. Pemikiran Ibn Qayyim tentang pendidikan anak usia prasekolah diarahkan pada upaya menyelamatkan fitrah dan potensi dasar yang dimiliki anak.; Pertama, aspek mental-spiritual (al-Tarbiyyah al-Imaniyah), Kedua, aspek moral (al-Tarbiyah Khuluqiyah) Ketiga, aspek fisik (Tarbiyah Jismiyah) Keempat, Aspek sosial (al-Tarbiyah al-Ijtimaiyyah) diperlukan dalam menata lingkungan yang kondusif untuk mendukung perkembangan anak ke arah yang baik. Kelima, aspek Intelektual.

 

The educative role of the family (parents) has weakened because of the twisting of economic polity, the swift influence of culture and the harshness of socio-political changes that shift values, character, and behavior in lifestyles are not in favor of the comfort of children. This paper will review the concept of Islamic teachings on the importance of early childhood education and preschool age through the thought of a Muslim leader Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyah. Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyyah is a person who has the maturity to think and work because he studied and mingled with communities that have a very high scientific ethos and are known for the brilliance of his mind. Ibn Qayyim's thoughts about the education of preschool children are directed at efforts to save the nature and basic potential possessed by children; First, mental-spiritual aspects (al-Tarbiyyah al-Imaniyah), Second, moral aspects (al-Tarbiyah Khuluqiyah) Third, physical aspects (Tarbiyah Jismiyah) Fourth, social aspects (al-Tarbiyah al-Ijtimaiyyah) are needed in managing the environment conducive to supporting the child's development in a right direction. Fifth, Intellectual aspects.
Changing the face of short fiber –a review of the eucalyptus revolution
Authors: W. HART PETER , B. SANTOS RICARDO
Published: October 2019

Eucalyptus plantations have been used as a source of short fiber for papermaking for more than 40 years. The development in genetic improvement and clonal programs has produced improved density plantations that have resulted in fast growing, increased fiber volume eucalypts becoming the most widely used source of short fibers in the world. High productivity and short rotation times, along with the uniformity and improved wood quality of clonal plantations have attracted private industry investment in eucalypt plantations. Currently, only a handful of species or hybrids are used in plantation efforts. Many more species are being evaluated to either enhance fiber properties or expand the range of eucalypt plantations. Eucalyptus plantations are frequently planted on nonforested land and may be used, in part, as a means of conserving native forests while allowing the production of high quality fiber for economic uses. Finally, eucalypt plantations can provide significant carbon sinks, which may be used to help offset the carbon released from burning fossil fuels. The development and expansion of eucalypt plantations represents a substantial revolution in pulp and paper manufacturing.
TREND KASUS BARU INFEKSI HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) DI INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2012–2016
Authors: Adriansyah Agus Aan , Firdausi Nurul Jannatul
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Countries in Southeast Asia have a very high HIV (
STUDI KOMPARASI LAMA PERAWATAN PASIEN DENGAN DEMAM TIFOID YANG DISEBABKAN OLEH STRAIN SALMONELLA TYPHI NON-MDR DAN MDR TERHADAP ANTIBITIK DI RSUD dr. SOETOMO SURABAYA
Authors: Wardani Erika Martining , . Handayani
Published: October 2019

This analytic observational study aim was to find correlation between length of treatment oftyphoid fever patients and type of Salmonella typhi strain that are Non MDR and MDR in the period of2012–2015 at dr. Soetomo Hospital. This research using cohort retrospective design using secondarydata from medical record. The sample were 30 case non-MDR Salmonella typhi and 30 case MDRSalmonella typhi. Laboratory result were compiled from Clinical Microbiology Installation whilelength of treatment data were compiled from Medical Record Unit at dr. Soetomo Hospital. Mosttyphoid patient in dr. Sutomo hospital were under 12 years old (53,3%) and male sex (55%). Thepatients with MDR typhoid fever have hospitalized duration longer than non MDR typhoid. 83.3% ofMDR typhoid patients hospitalized duration were 7–14 days, 10% < 7 days, and 6.7% >14 days.63.3% non-MDR typhoid patients hospitalized duration were < 7 days, and 36.7% in 7–14 days. Crosstabulation analysis showed significant different in patient age (p value = 0,008), hospitalized duration (p value = 0,000) between the two groups. It could be concluded that hospitalized duration oftyphoid fever patients have correlations with the type of Salmonella typhi strain non-MDR or MDR
Культура безпеки польотів державної авіації України
Authors: Гончаренко Є. В.
Published: October 2019

У статті розглядаються проблемні питання зростання основних показників аварійності в авіації Збройних Сил України. Метою статті є покращення ефективності забезпечення безпеки польотів у державній авіації України шляхом упровадження поняття «культура безпеки польотів». Розглядаються основні компоненти культури безпеки польотів, ключові принципи, на яких ґрунтуються взаємовідносини в авіаційних колективах та риси, притаманні позитивній культурі безпеки польотів. Обґрунтовано важливість упровадження стратегії забезпечення безпеки авіаційної діяльності на рівні державної авіації України.
Методологія розвитку ключових (критичних) технологій
Authors: Семон Богдан , Ансарі Ірфан , Дихановський Віктор
Published: October 2019

Запропоновано принципово новий підхід до побудови методології розвитку ключових (критичних) технологій, в основу якої покладено: термінологія, системний підхід, диверсифікація фінансування, розподіл ризиків, практична спрямованість. Запропоновано порядок формування переліку ключових технологій. Показано, що для розвитку ключових технологій доцільно залучати позабюджетне фінансування. Запропонована структуризація ключових технологій. Запропоновано розділити ризики між замовником ключових технологій і їх виконавцем шляхом державно-приватного партнерства. Приділено увагу зниженню корупційних ризиків.
Synthesis, Fluorescence and NMR Spectroscopic Studies of a Novel Phosphinoxido-18-crown-6 Ether Containing an Anthracene Fluorophore Unit
Authors: Szabó-Szentjóbi Hajnalka , Márton Anna , Pál Dávid , Dargó Gergő , Szigetvári Áron , Szántay Csaba , Balogh György Tibor , Tóth Tünde , Huszthy Péter
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of the (R,R) and (S,S) enantiomers of a new enantiopure monophospha-18-crown-6 ether (1), which contains an anthracene fluorophore unit and methyl groups at its stereogenic centers, was accomplished. The structure of one enantiomer ((S,S)-1) was studied using one-dimensional (1H, 13C{1H}, and 31P{1H}) and two-dimensional NMR spectra. Because (R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1 can act as new fluorescent chemosensors, we examined their enantiomeric differentiation abilities toward the enantiomers of protonated chiral primary amines and amino acid esters (PEA, 1-NEA, PGME, PAME) using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. These monophospha-crown ethers showed moderate enantiomeric discrimination abilities.
Agamben'in Siyasal Kuramı ve Türkiye'deki Suriyelilerin Hukuksal Statüleri
Authors: Dinçer Esin Hamdi
Published: October 2019

Suriye’de 2011 yılında başlayan iç savaş, 6 milyonun üzerinde nüfusun ülkeyi terk etmesine neden olmuştur. Yaklaşık 3,6 milyon sığınmacıyı Türkiye’de yaşamaya zorlayan bu süreç, Türkiye hukuk sisteminde de önemli değişikliklere neden olmuştur. Avrupa Birliği ile yapılan “Geri Kabul Anlaşması” ve ona binaen Türkiye iç hukuk mevzuatına eklenen “Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu” önemli iki düzenleme olarak karşımıza çıkar. Söz konusu hukuksal normlar, toplumsal değişim bağlamında ele alınabileceği gibi “özne”, “ayrımcılık”, “dışlama” gibi kavramlar çerçevesinde de tartışılabilir. Bu makale, iki düzenlemeyi, söz konusu kavramları siyasal kuramının önemli konuları arasına yerleştirmiş olan Giorgio Agamben’in düşünceleriyle tartışmaya açmaktadır. Çalışmada, “kutsal insan”, “istisna durumu”, “çıplak yaşam” gibi kategorilerle öne çıkan İtalyan siyaset kuramcısının günümüz hukuksal rejimini yorumlamada önemli fırsatlar sunduğu öne sürülmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHAgamben's Political Theory and Legal Status of Syrians in TurkeySyria’s civil war, started in 2011, has caused over 6 million people flee abroad. This process forced around 3,6 million refugees to live in Turkey, leading significant changes in Turkish legal structure. The EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement and the Law on Foreigners and International Protection that is added into domestic law as a result of this agreement, are two main legislations in this regard. Such legal norms can be evaluated around the framework on social change as well as in accordance with concepts such as “subject”, “discrimination” and “exclusion”. This article, discusses these two legislations based on Giorgio Agamben’s thought, who has succeeded in putting these concepts at the center of political theory. The article argues that, this Italian political theorist well-known with his catogeries of “homo sacer”, “state of exception” and “bare life”, provides significant opportunities in interpreting the goals of contemporary legal regimes.
Göçmen Dövizlerinin Etkileri ve Göç: Kuramsal Önermeler ve Fırsatlar
Authors: Cohen Jeffrey H
Published: October 2019

Göçmen dövizlerinin ulusal ekonomiler açısından taşıdığı önem son derece iyi belgelenmiştir ve bu akışın değeri, çok nadir olarak tartışmaya konu olmaktadır (bkz. Russell ve Teitelbaum, 1992). Bununla birlikte, göçmen dövizlerinin nasıl en iyi şekilde ele alınacağı ve çalışılacağı, küresel kapitalizme, ulusal ve yerel ekonomilere kattıkları parasal değerin nasıl değerlendirileceğine ilişkin birçok tartışma mevcuttur. Bu makalede, sosyal bilimler alanındaki göçmen dövizi çalışmalarını değerlendirip eleştiriyorum. Coğrafya, yerel tarih ve bir hanenin yaşam döngüsü aşamasını ulus ötesi süreçlerle birleştiren çağdaş mikro düzeydeki yaklaşımların, geçmişteki tek boyutlu yaklaşımlara çok önemli bir alternatif sunduğunu savunuyorum. Göçmen dövizinin etkileri konusuna geçmeden önce, kısaca göçü irdeleyeceğim; çünkü göçmen dövizleri yoktan var olmaz ve kişinin hane halkını, topluluğunu ve de çoğunlukla ülkesini terk etmesiyle başlayan karar alma sürecinin bir parçasıdır.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHRemittance Outcomes and Migration: Theoretical Contests, Real OpportunitiesThe importance of migrant remittances to national economies is well documented and there is little debate over the value of these flows. Nevertheless, there remains a great deal of discussion over how best to approach and study migrant remittances, and how to judge the value of remittances to global capitalism, national budgets, and local economies. In this article, I review and critique remittance studies in the social sciences and argue that contemporary micro-level approaches that link geography, local history, and a household’s lifecycle stage with transnational processes offer a vital alternative to the unidimensional approaches of the past. Before I turn to remittance outcomes in particular, I first briefly examine migration, because remittances do not occur in a vacuum; rather, they are part of a decision-making process that begins with the choice to leave one’s household, community, and often nation.
Göç Dergisi Hakkında
Authors: Dergisi Göç
Published: October 2019

İçerik listesi ve dergi hakkında diğer bilgilerContent and other information
Sarcopenia in Cancer Patients
Authors: Kurniawan Andree
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Sarcopenia in cancer patients, especially in advanced stage, recently known as an emerging problem. Firstly, sarcopenia is found in elderly patients. The diagnosis of sarcopenia needs evaluation of muscle composition and function and physical activity. Sarcopenia will give negative impacts such as increased mortality, chemo-toxicity, and decreased quality of life. Here, we review the current evidence describing the definition, impact, risk factors, mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment of sarcopenia in cancer patients.Method: We identified 48 studies and/or review articles evaluating sarcopenia in cancer patients by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases. Results: Sarcopenia is reported across all stages and types of cancers. There is a new definition of sarcopenia that is reported in 2019 paper. The risk factors or causes of sarcopenia in cancer are complex depending on the clinical settings of each patient. SARC-F questionnaire can be used to screen cancer patients in clinical settings. The diagnostic evaluation and cut-off measurement of sarcopenia especially in cancer varied across studies. The loss of muscle mass that happens during chemotherapy will make a poor prognosis. Sarcopenia can worsen chemotherapy toxicity. Combination exercise with adequate dietary supplementation, adequate energy, and protein are important in the management of sarcopenia in cancer patients.Conclusions: Patients with cancer belong to a population at risk of developing sarcopenia before and after chemotherapy. Sarcopenia diagnosis needs the evaluation of muscle mass and muscle strength or physical performance. Physical activity exercise is the best strategy to reduce sarcopenia in cancer patients.