bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tuning Helical Chirality in Polycyclic Ladder Systems
Authors: Rickhaus Michel , Unke Oliver T. , Mannancherry Rajesh , Bannwart Linda M. , Neuburger Markus , Häussinger Daniel , Mayor Marcel
Published: November 2015

Conceptually and experimentally, a new set of helical model compounds is presented herein that allow correlations between structural features and their expression in the secondary structure to be investigated. A cross‐linked oligomer with two strands of mismatching lengths connected in a ladder‐type fashion serves as a model system. Compensation for the dimensional mismatch leads to the adoption of a helical arrangement. A strategically placed relay ensures the continuity and uniformity of the helix. Upon exchanging the heteroatomic linkage, the helix responds by increasing or decreasing the torsion of the backbone. Inversion of the relay’s substitution pattern causes a distortion of the structure, while maintaining the directionality of the helix. Based on a short synthetic protocol with a modular precursor, four closely related “Geländer” oligomers (Geländer is the German word for bannister) were accessed and fully characterized. XRD analysis for one representative of each helical arrangement and complementary computational studies for the remaining derivatives allowed the impact of the alterations on the secondary structures to be studied. Isolation of pure enantiomers of all new Geländer oligomers provided insight into the racemization kinetics and estimation of the racemization barrier. In silico simulation of the electronic circular dichroism spectra of the model compounds enabled the helicity of the isolated samples to be assigned.
Immunotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: Primed to make a difference?
Authors: Harding James J. , El Dika Imane , Abou‐Alfa Ghassan K.
Published: November 2015

Advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) carries a dismal prognosis and the current treatment is limited to sorafenib, an agent with modest benefit. Preclinical data have indicated that several immunologic mechanisms are at play to promote HCC development and growth while impairing effective antitumor immune surveillance. Several novel approaches geared toward manipulating the immune response to HCC have suggested a therapeutic benefit in early‐stage clinical trials, indicating a real potential to augment tumor‐specific immunity and improve outcomes in patients with this disease. In the current study, the authors reviewed the barriers to an effective immune response against HCC and contemporary clinical investigations that may be “primed” to alter the natural history of HCC. Cancer 2016;122:367–377. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Maternal separation and early stress cause long‐lasting effects on dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and alters dendritic morphology in the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex in rats
Authors: Romano‐López Antonio , Méndez‐Díaz Mónica , García Fabio García , Regalado‐Santiago Citlalli , Ruiz‐Contreras Alejandra E. , Prospéro‐García Oscar
Published: November 2015

A considerable amount experimental studies have shown that maternal separation (MS) is associated with adult offspring abnormal behavior and cognition disorder. Accordingly, this experimental procedure has been proposed as a predictor for alcohol and drug dependence based on the neurodevelopmental soon after birth. Endocannabinoid system (eCBs) has been implicated in reward processes, including drug abuse and dependence. MS and associated stress causes changes in the eCBs that seem to facilitate alcohol consumption. In this study, we seek to evaluate potential morphological changes in neurons of the frontal cortex (FCx) and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), in the expression of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid and dopamine systems and in second messengers, such as Akt, in adult rats subjected to MS and early stress (MS + ES; 2 × 180 min daily) vs. nonseparated rats (NMS). Results showed that MS + ES induces higher D2R expression and lower D3R, FAAH, and MAGL expression compared with NMS rats. Alterations in total dendritic length were also detected and were characterized by increases in the NAcc while there were decreases in the FCx. We believe MS + ES‐induced changes in the dopaminergic and endocannabinergic systems and in the neuronal microstructure might be contributing to alcohol seeking behavior and, potential vulnerability to other drugs in rats. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 819–831, 2016
Heritability of complex white matter diffusion traits assessed in a population isolate
Authors: Kochunov Peter , Fu Mao , Nugent Katie , Wright Susan N. , Du Xiaoming , Muellerklein Florian , Morrissey Mary , Eskandar George , Shukla Dinesh K , Jahanshad Neda , Thompson Paul M. , Patel Binish , Postolache Teodor T. , Strauss Kevin A. , Shuldiner Alan R. , Mitchell Braxton D. , Hong L. Elliot
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) methods can noninvasively ascertain cerebral microstructure by examining pattern and directions of water diffusion in the brain. We calculated heritability for DWI parameters in cerebral white (WM) and gray matter (GM) to study the genetic contribution to the diffusion signals across tissue boundaries.

Methods

Using Old Order Amish (OOA) population isolate with large family pedigrees and high environmental homogeneity, we compared the heritability of measures derived from three representative DWI methods targeting the corpus callosum WM and cingulate gyrus GM: diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), the permeability‐diffusivity (PD) model, and the neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) model. These successively more complex models represent the diffusion signal modeling using one, two, and three diffusion compartments, respectively.

Results

We replicated the high heritability of the DTI‐based fractional anisotropy (h2 = 0.67) and radial diffusivity (h2 = 0.72) in WM. High heritability in both WM and GM tissues were observed for the permeability‐diffusivity index from the PD model (h2 = 0.64 and 0.84), and the neurite density from the NODDI model (h2 = 0.70 and 0.55). The orientation dispersion index from the NODDI model was only significantly heritable in GM (h2 = 0.68).

Conclusion

DWI measures from multicompartmental models were significantly heritable in WM and GM. DWI can offer valuable phenotypes for genetic research; and genes thus identified may reveal mechanisms contributing to mental and neurological disorders in which diffusion imaging anomalies are consistently found. Hum Brain Mapp 37:525–535, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anatomical and functional connectivity in the default mode network of post‐traumatic stress disorder patients after civilian and military‐related trauma
Authors: Reuveni Inbal , Bonne Omer , Giesser Ruti , Shragai Tamir , Lazarovits Gilad , Isserles Moshe , Schreiber Shaul , Bick Atira S. , Levin Netta
Published: November 2015

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by unwanted intrusive thoughts and hyperarousal at rest. As these core symptoms reflect disturbance in resting‐state mechanisms, we investigated the functional and anatomical involvement of the default mode network (DMN) in this disorder. The relation between symptomatology and trauma characteristics was considered. Twenty PTSD patients and 20 matched trauma‐exposed controls that were exposed to a similar traumatic event were recruited for this study. In each group, 10 patients were exposed to military trauma, and 10 to civilian trauma. PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptom severity were assessed. DMN maps were identified in resting‐state scans using independent component analysis. Regions of interest (medial prefrontal, precuneus, and bilateral inferior parietal) were defined and average z‐scores were extracted for use in the statistical analysis. The medial prefrontal and the precuneus regions were used for cingulum tractography whose integrity was measured and compared between groups. Similar functional and anatomical connectivity patterns were identified in the DMN of PTSD patients and trauma‐exposed controls. In the PTSD group, functional and anatomical connectivity parameters were strongly correlated with clinical measures, and there was evidence of coupling between the anatomical and functional properties. Type of trauma and time from trauma were found to modulate connectivity patterns. To conclude, anatomical and functional connectivity patterns are related to PTSD symptoms and trauma characteristics influence connectivity beyond clinical symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp 37:589–599, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Look before you leap: Visual navigation and terrestrial locomotion of the intertidal killifish Fundulus heteroclitus
Authors: Bressman Noah R. , Farina Stacy C. , Gibb Alice C.
Published: November 2015

Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus; Cyprinodontiformes) are intertidal killifish that can breathe air and locomote on land. Our goals were to characterize the terrestrial locomotion of mummichogs and determine their method of navigation towards water in a terrestrial environment. We used high‐speed video to record behavior during stranding experiments and found that mummichogs use a tail‐flip jump to move overland, similarly to other Cyprinodontiformes. However, mummichogs also prop themselves upright into a prone position between each jump, a previously undescribed behavior. After becoming prone, mummichogs rotate about their vertical axis, directing the caudal fin towards the water. Then, they roll back onto their lateral aspect and use a tail‐flip behavior to leap into a caudally‐directed, ballistic flight path. We conducted experiments to determine the sensory stimulus used to locate a body of water by placing mummichogs on a square platform with one side adjacent to a sea table. Under artificial light, mummichogs moved towards the sea table with a higher frequency than towards the other sides. Under dark conditions, mummichogs did not show a preference for moving towards the sea table. When the surface of the water was covered with reflective foil, mummichogs moved towards it as if it were a body of water. These results suggest that mummichogs primarily use visual cues, specifically reflected light, to orient towards the water. The uprighting behavior that mummichogs perform between terrestrial jumps may provide an opportunity for these fish to receive visual information that allows them to safely return to the water. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:57–64, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence and genotypic characterization of Human Parvovirus B19 in children with measles‐ and rubella‐like illness in Iran
Authors: Rezaei Farhad , Sarshari Behrang , Ghavami Nastaran , Meysami Parisa , Shadab Azadeh , Salimi Hamid , Mokhtari‐Azad Talat
Published: November 2015

Human Parvovirus B19 (B19V) is a prototype of theErythroparvovirusgenus inParvoviridaefamily. B19V infections are often associated with fever and rash, and can be mistakenly reported as measles or rubella. Differential diagnosis of B19V illness is necessary for case management and also for public health control activities, particularly in outbreak situations in which measles or rubella is suspected. To investigate the causative role of B19V infection in children with measles‐ and rubella‐like illness, a total of 583 sera from children with exanthema were tested for presence of B19V by determining anti‐B19V IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA as well as B19V DNA detection by nested PCR. DNA positive samples were assessed further for determination of viral load and sequence analysis by Real‐Time PCR and Sanger sequencing method, respectively. Out of 583 patients, 112 (19.21%) patients were positive for B19V‐IgM antibody, 110 (18.87%) were positive for B19V‐IgG antibody, and 63 (10.81%) were positive for B19V viral DNA. The frequency of B19V‐IgG antibodies were increased with age; that is children under 6 year old showed 7.11% seroprevalence for B19V‐IgG as compared to 18.39% and 28.91% for age groups 6 to >11 and 11–14 years old, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the NS1‐VPu1 overlapping region revealed that all sequenced B19V‐DNA belonged to genotype 1. The results of this study may aid the surveillance programs aiming at eradicating measles/rubella virus in Iran, as infections with B19V can be mistakenly reported as measles or rubella if laboratory testing is not conducted.J. Med. Virol. 88:947–953, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shift in performance of food safety management systems in supply chains: case of green bean chain in Kenya versus hot pepper chain in Uganda
Authors: Nanyunja Jessica , Jacxsens Liesbeth , Kirezieva Klementina , Kaaya Archileo N , Uyttendaele Mieke , Luning Pieternel A
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

This study investigates the level of design and operation of food safety management systems (FSMS) of farmers and export traders in Kenya and Uganda. FSMS diagnostic tools developed for the fresh produce chain were used to assess the levels of context riskiness, FSMS activities and system output in primary production (n = 60) and trade (n = 60). High‐risk context characteristics combined with basic FSMS are expected to increase the risk on unsafe produce.

RESULTS

In Uganda both farmers and export traders of hot peppers operate in a high‐ to moderate‐risk context but have basic FSMS and low systems output. In Kenya, both farmers and export traders of green beans operate in a low‐ to moderate‐risk context. The farmers have average performing FSMS, whereas export trade companies showed more advanced FSMS and system output scores ranging from satisfactory to good.

CONCLUSION

Large retailers supplying the EU premium market play a crucial role in demanding compliance with strict voluntary food safety standards, which was reflected in the more advanced FSMS and good system output in Kenya, especially traders. In Kenya, a clear shift in more fit‐for‐purpose FSMS and higher system output was noticed between farms and trade companies. In the case of Uganda, traders commonly supply to the less demanding EU wholesale markets such as ethnic specialty shops. They only have to comply with the legal phytosanitary and pesticide residue requirements for export activities, which apparently resulted in basic FSMS and low system output present with both farmers and traders. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioavailability of lutein in corn distillers dried grains with solubles relative to lutein in corn gluten meal based on lutein retention in egg yolk
Authors: Shin Hye Seong , Kim Jong Woong , Lee Dong Gu , Lee Sanghyun , Kil Dong Yong
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND

Dietary lutein and its food sources have gained great attention due to its health‐promoting effects on humans, especially for certain eye diseases. However, relative bioavailability (RBV) of lutein among lutein‐rich feed ingredients that lead to lutein‐enriched egg production has not been determined. Thus, the RBV of lutein in corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as compared to lutein in corn gluten meal (CGM) was evaluated based on lutein retention in egg yolk.

RESULTS

Increasing inclusion levels of DDGS or CGM in diets increased (linear, P < 0.01) Roche colour score and lutein concentrations of egg yolk without affecting laying performance. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the bioavailability of lutein in DDGS was less (P < 0.05) than that of lutein in CGM, with the RBV of lutein in DDGS being 61.6% when the bioavailability of lutein in CGM was assumed to be 100% for lutein retention in egg yolk.

CONCLUSION

The results of the present experiment indicate that the DDGS can be a potential ingredient for laying hens to improve egg yolk colour and lutein concentrations of egg yolk although lutein in DDGS is less bioavailable than lutein in CGM. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Anterolateral thigh flap for axillary reconstruction after sarcoma resection
Authors: Miyamoto Shimpei , Fujiki Masahide , Kawai Akira , Chuman Hirokazu , Sakuraba Minoru
Published: November 2015

Background

Reconstruction of extensive axillary defects after sarcoma resection presents a challenging problem in reconstructive microsurgery. The purpose of this report was to investigate the feasibility of the free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap for oncologic axillary reconstruction.

Methods

The extensive axillary defects in six patients with sarcoma was reconstructed using a free ALT flap. The defect size ranged from 15 × 11 to 28 × 25 cm2. Five patients had recurrent cases and the ipsilateral latissimus dorsi flap had been already used in three patients. Two patients with a full‐thickness defect underwent chest wall reconstruction with the iliotibial tract.

Results

All flaps survived completely and the wounds healed without complications in all patients.

Conclusions

The free ALT flap is an ideal flap for axillary reconstruction after extensive sarcoma resection. It can be tailored to the requirements of the individual's defect and provides durable coverage for the axillary neurovascular bundle and intrathoracic structures. Flap harvesting in the lateral decubitus position enables a two‐team approach. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:378–383, 2016.
Die Erbgut‐Reparateure
Authors: Carell Thomas
Published: November 2015

Der Nobelpreis 2015 für Chemie geht an Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich und Aziz Sancar für Arbeiten zur DNA‐Reparatur.
Error estimation for the automated multi‐level substructuring method
Authors: Boo Seung‐Hwan , Kim Jin‐Gyun , Lee Phill‐Seung
Published: November 2015

In this study, we propose an effective method to estimate the reliability of finite element models reduced by the automated multi‐level substructuring (AMLS) method. The proposed error estimation method can accurately predict relative eigenvalue errors in reduced finite element models. A new, enhanced transformation matrix for the AMLS method is derived from the original transformation matrix by properly considering the contribution of residual substructural modes. The enhanced transformation matrix is an important prerequisite to develop the error estimation method. Adopting the basic concept of the error estimation method recently developed for the Craig–Bampton method, an error estimation method is developed for the AMLS method. Through various numerical examples, we demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed error estimation method and explore its computational efficiency. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of serial cell passaging in the retention of fiber type and mitochondrial content in primary human myotubes
Authors: Covington Jeffrey D. , Myland Cassandra K. , Rustan Arild C. , Ravussin Eric , Smith Steven R. , Bajpeyi Sudip
Published: November 2015

Objective

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of passaging on retention of donor phenotypic characteristics in primary human myotubes.

Methods

Primary muscle cultures and serial passaged myotubes from physically active, sedentary lean, and individuals with type 2 diabetes were established. Maximal ATP synthesis capacity (ATPmax) and resting ATP flux (ATPase) in vivo were measured by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, type‐I fibers and intramyocelluar lipid (IMCL) in vastus lateralis tissue were determined using immunohistochemistry techniques, and oxidative phosphorylation complexes (OXPHOS) were measured by Western immunoblotting. Similar in vitro measures for lipid and type‐I fibers were made in myotubes, along with mitochondrial content measured by MitoTracker.

Results

Passage 4 and 5 measures for myotubes correlated positively with in vivo measurements for percent type‐I fibers (P4: R2 = 0.39, p = 0.02; P5: R2 = 0.48, p = 0.01), ATPmax (P4: R2 = 0.30, p = 0.03; P5: R2 = 0.22, p = 0.05), and OXPHOS (P4: R2 = 0.44, p = 0.04; P5: R2 = 0.59, p = 0.006). No correlations were observed for IMCL. However, passage 4 measures for myotubes correlated with passage 5 measures for percent type‐I fibers (R2 = 0.49, p = 0.01), IMCL (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.001), and mitochondrial content (R2 = 0.26, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Myotubes through the first two passages following immunopurification (referred to as passage 4 and 5) reflect the mitochondrial and type‐I fiber content in vivo phenotype of the donor.
Short‐term weight loss with diet and physical activity in young adults: The IDEA study
Authors: Jakicic John M. , King Wendy C. , Marcus Marsha D. , Davis Kelliann K. , Helsel Diane , Rickman Amy D. , Gibbs Bethany Barone , Rogers Renee J. , Wahed Abdus , Belle Steven H.
Published: November 2015

Objective

This study examined the effect of a behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI) on young adults (age = 18‐35 years).

Methods

Participants (N = 470) enrolled in a 6‐month BWLI that included weekly group sessions, a prescribed energy‐restricted diet, and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Assessments included weight, body composition, fitness, lipids, glucose, insulin, resting blood pressure and heart rate, physical activity, and dietary intake. Data are presented as median [25th, 75th percentiles].

Results

Retention was 90% (N = 424; age: 30.9 [27.8, 33.7] years; BMI: 31.2 [28.4, 34.3] kg m−2). Participants completed 87.5% [76.1%, 95.5%] of scheduled intervention contacts. Weight and body fat decreased while fitness increased (P < 0.0001). MVPA in bouts ≥10 min increased (P < 0.0001), though total MVPA did not change significantly. Sedentary time decreased (P = 0.03). Energy and percent fat intake decreased, while percent carbohydrate and protein intake increased (P < 0.0001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin decreased (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions

A 6‐month BWLI produced favorable changes in dietary intake and physical activity and elicited favorable changes in weight and other health outcomes in young adults. MVPA performed in bouts of ≥10 min was associated with greater weight loss, but sedentary behavior was not.
Thermal properties of emulsion polymerized polystyrene/α‐type zirconium phosphate/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Xie Hongyan , Ye Qing , Guo Qi , Xu Mengxue , Zhang Quanzheng , Xie Jinsong , Yang Wei , Lu Hongdian
Published: November 2015

Nanocomposites of polystyrene with α‐type zirconium phosphate (PS/ZrP) and with the combination of α‐type zirconium phosphate and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PS/ZrP/CNTs) were synthesized via emulsion polymerization. The influence of the replacement of ZrP by CNTs on morphology evolution and thermal properties of the materials were studied. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the replacement of ZrP by CNTs at an optimum weight ratio facilitated an ideal homogeneous dispersion of ZrP nanoplatelets in PS/ZrP/CNTs nanocomposite. Thermal properties of the materials were comparative studied by thermogravimetric analysis, thermal conductivity analysis, and bomb calorimetry. The results revealed that PS nanocomposite containing 5.1 wt% ZrP and 0.2 wt% CNTs could additionally improve the thermal stability but decrease the thermal conductivity as well as the heat of combustion in comparison with the control PS nanocomposite with 5.3 wt% ZrP alone. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:E314–E319, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
A high‐quality reprocessed ground‐based GPS dataset for atmospheric process studies, radiosonde and model evaluation, and reanalysis of HyMeX Special Observing Period
Authors: Bock O. , Bosser P. , Pacione R. , Nuret M. , Fourrié N. , Parracho A.
Published: November 2015

In the framework of the Hydrological cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment (HyMeX) project, measurements from more than 1000 ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers located in the northwestern Mediterranean area are reprocessed using a single piece of GPS software for the period from 1 September 2012 to 31 March 2013. A special screening procedure is developed for the removal of outliers in the GPS Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) data. ZTD data are converted to integrated water vapour (IWV) using surface pressure information from an AROME‐WMED operational analysis. The reprocessed ZTD and IWV data are used to assess the accuracy of the near‐real time E‐GVAP ZTD data assimilated in operational numerical weather prediction systems and to validate the IWV data from the AROME‐WMED operational analysis and AROME‐WMED reanalysis 1, and from radiosonde observations. The mean differences between E‐GVAP and reprocessed ZTD data are not negligible and lie in the range from −3 to +3 mm. The standard deviations of differences are between 4 and 8 mm. The comparisons of IWV from AROME‐WMED analyses and the reprocessed GPS data show high quality of the analyses where operational GPS data are assimilated and lower quality where no GPS data are assimilated. Small but significant biases are found in the radiosonde data during daytime (−0.5 to +1.4 kg m−2), but their origin is not determined so far. Thanks to the high spatial density of the reprocessed GPS stations, both the large‐scale and small‐scale variations in IWV can be documented. The case of HyMeX Intensive Observing Period 8 is presented as an example of a heavy precipitation event. This work suggests that improved quality of the humidity fields can be expected of the future AROME‐WMED reanalysis 2 as a result of the assimilation of the reprocessed GPS data.
Inference for correlated effect sizes using multiple univariate meta‐analyses
Authors: Chen Yong , Cai Yi , Hong Chuan , Jackson Dan
Published: November 2015

Multivariate meta‐analysis, which involves jointly analyzing multiple and correlated outcomes from separate studies, has received a great deal of attention. One reason to prefer the multivariate approach is its ability to account for the dependence between multiple estimates from the same study. However, nearly all the existing methods for analyzing multivariate meta‐analytic data require the knowledge of the within‐study correlations, which are usually unavailable in practice. We propose a simple non‐iterative method that can be used for the analysis of multivariate meta‐analysis datasets, that has no convergence problems, and does not require the use of within‐study correlations. Our approach uses standard univariate methods for the marginal effects but also provides valid joint inference for multiple parameters. The proposed method can directly handle missing outcomes under missing completely at random assumption. Simulation studies show that the proposed method provides unbiased estimates, well‐estimated standard errors, and confidence intervals with good coverage probability. Furthermore, the proposed method is found to maintain high relative efficiency compared with conventional multivariate meta‐analyses where the within‐study correlations are known. We illustrate the proposed method through two real meta‐analyses where functions of the estimated effects are of interest. © 2015 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Taiwanin C selectively inhibits arecoline and 4‐NQO‐induced oral cancer cell proliferation via ERK1/2 inactivation
Authors: Lin Kuan‐Ho , Shibu Marthandam Asokan , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Chen Yueh‐Chiu , Hsu Hsi‐Hsien , Bau Da‐Tian , Chen Ming‐Cheng , Tu Chuan‐Chou , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Huang Chih‐Yang
Published: November 2015

Arecoline, the most abundant alkaloid in betel nut is known to promote abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells by enhancing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX2) expression. Taiwanin C, a naturally occurring lignan extracted from Taiwania cryptomerioides, has been found to be a potential inhibitor of COX2 expression. Based on the MTT assay results, taiwanin C was found to be effective in inhibiting the tumorous T28 cell than the non‐tumorous N28 cells. The modulations in the expression of relevant proteins were determined to understand the mechanism induced by taiwanin C to inhibit T28 cell proliferation. The levels of activated EGFR and COX2 were found to be abnormally high in the T28 oral cancer cells. However, taiwanin C was found to inhibit the activation of EGFR and regulated other related downstream proteins and thereby inhibited the T28 cell proliferation. In conclusion the results indicate that taiwanin C suppresses COX2‐EGFR and enhances P27 pathways to suppress arecoline induced oral cancer cell proliferation via ERK1/2 inactivation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 62–69, 2017.
In search for symmetries in the metabolism of cancer
Authors: Gatto Francesco , Nielsen Jens
Published: November 2015

Even though aerobic glycolysis, or the Warburg effect, is arguably the most common trait of metabolic reprogramming in cancer, it is unobserved in certain tumor types. Systems biology advocates a global view on metabolism to dissect which traits are consistently reprogrammed in cancer, and hence likely to constitute an obligate step for the evolution of cancer cells. We refer to such traits as symmetric. Here, we review early systems biology studies that attempted to reveal symmetric traits in the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, discuss the symmetry of reprogramming of nucleotide metabolism, and outline the current limitations that, if unlocked, could elucidate whether symmetries in cancer metabolism may be claimed. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:23–35. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1321

This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods

Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Organ, Tissue, and Physiological Models
Use of 3D Prototypes for Complex Surgical Oncologic Cases
Authors: Krauel Lucas , Fenollosa Felip , Riaza Lucía , Pérez Martín , Tarrado Xavier , Morales Andrés , Gomà Joan , Mora Jaume
Published: November 2015

Introduction

Physical 3D models known by the industry as rapid prototyping involve the creation of a physical model from a 3D computer version. In recent years, there has been an increasing number of reports on the use of 3D models in medicine. Printing such 3D models with different materials integrating the many components of human anatomy is technically challenging. In this article, we report our technological developments along with our clinical implementation experience using high‐fidelity 3D prototypes of tumors encasing major vessels in anatomically sensitive areas.

Methods

Three patients with tumors encasing major vessels that implied complex surgery were selected for surgical planning using 3D prototypes. 3D virtual models were obtained from routine CT and MRI images. The models, with all their anatomical relations, were created by an expert pediatric radiologist and a surgeon, image by image, along with a computerized‐aided design engineer.

Results

Surgeons had the opportunity to practice on the model before the surgery. This allowed questions regarding surgical approach; feasibility and potential complications to be raised in advance of the actual procedure. All patients then successfully underwent surgery as planned.

Conclusion

Having a tumor physically printed in its different main component parts with its anatomical relationships is technically feasible. Since a gross total resection is prognostic in a significant percentage of tumor types, refinements in planning may help achieve greater and safer resections therefore contributing to improve surgical management of complex tumors. In this early experience, 3D prototyping helped significantly in the many aspects of surgical oncology planning.
Degradation of phenolic compounds by the lignocellulose deconstructing thermoacidophilic bacterium Alicyclobacillus Acidocaldarius
Authors: Aston John E , Apel William A , Lee Brady D , Thompson David N , Lacey Jeffrey A , Newby Deborah T , Reed David W , Thompson Vicki S
Published: November 2015

Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, a thermoacidophilic bacterium, has a repertoire of thermo- and acid-stable enzymes that deconstruct lignocellulosic compounds. The work presented here describes the ability of A. acidocaldarius to reduce the concentration of the phenolic compounds: phenol, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid during growth conditions. The extent and rate of the removal of these compounds were significantly increased by the presence of micro-molar copper concentrations, suggesting activity by copper oxidases that have been identified in the genome of A. acidocaldarius. Substrate removal kinetics was first order for phenol, ferulic acid, ρ-coumaric acid and sinapinic acid in the presence of 50 μM copper sulfate. In addition, laccase enzyme assays of cellular protein fractions suggested significant activity on a lignin analog between the temperatures of 45 and 90 °C. This work shows the potential for A. acidocaldarius to degrade phenolic compounds, demonstrating potential relevance to biofuel production and other industrial processes.
Recurrent acute liver failure due to NBAS deficiency: phenotypic spectrum, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic concepts
Authors: Staufner Christian , Haack Tobias B. , Köpke Marlies G. , Straub Beate K. , Kölker Stefan , Thiel Christian , Freisinger Peter , Baric Ivo , McKiernan Patrick J. , Dikow Nicola , Harting Inga , Beisse Flemming , Burgard Peter , Kotzaeridou Urania , Lenz Dominic , Kühr Joachim , Himbert Urban , Taylor Robert W. , Distelmaier Felix , Vockley Jerry , Ghaloul‐Gonzalez Lina , Ozolek John A. , Zschocke Johannes , Kuster Alice , Dick Anke , Das Anib M. , Wieland Thomas , Terrile Caterina , Strom Tim M. , Meitinger Thomas , Prokisch Holger , Hoffmann Georg F.
Published: November 2015

Background

Acute liver failure (ALF) in infancy and childhood is a life‐threatening emergency and in about 50 % the etiology remains unknown. Recently biallelic mutations in NBAS were identified as a new molecular cause of ALF with onset in infancy, leading to recurrent acute liver failure (RALF).

Methods

The phenotype and medical history of 14 individuals with NBAS deficiency was studied in detail and functional studies were performed on patients’ fibroblasts.

Results

The phenotypic spectrum of NBAS deficiency ranges from isolated RALF to a multisystemic disease with short stature, skeletal dysplasia, immunological abnormalities, optic atrophy, and normal motor and cognitive development resembling SOPH syndrome. Liver crises are triggered by febrile infections; they become less frequent with age but are not restricted to childhood. Complete recovery is typical, but ALF crises can be fatal. Antipyretic therapy and induction of anabolism including glucose and parenteral lipids effectively ameliorates the course of liver crises. Patients’ fibroblasts showed an increased sensitivity to high temperature at protein and functional level and a disturbed tethering of vesicles, pointing at a defect of intracellular transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi.

Conclusions

Mutations in NBAS cause a complex disease with a wide clinical spectrum ranging from isolated RALF to a multisystemic phenotype. Thermal susceptibility of the syntaxin 18 complex is the basis of fever dependency of ALF episodes. NBAS deficiency is the first disease related to a primary defect of retrograde transport. Identification of NBAS deficiency allows optimized therapy of liver crises and even prevention of further episodes.
ISDN2014_0025: REMOVED: Promising serum protein marker for early detection of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Gupta Abhishek , Sahu Vishal , Singh Amrendra Pratap , Kumar Suresh , Singh Kusum , Dey A.B. , Dey Sharmistha
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0028: REMOVED: Targeting miR‐155 restores dysfunctional microglia and ameliorates disease in the SOD1 model of ALS
Authors: Butovsky Oleg , Jedrychowski Mark P. , Cialic Ron , Murugaiyan Gopal , Wu Pauline M. , Doykan Camille E. , Fanek Zain , Greco David J. , Kiner Olga , Lawson Robert J. , Frosch Matthew P. , Pochet Nathalie , Krichevsky Anna M. , Gygi Steven P. , Berry James , Cudkowicz Merit E. , Weiner Howard L.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0031: REMOVED: N‐acetylcysteine can alter 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine‐induced apoptosis in hippocampi of male rats
Authors: Asl Sara Soleimani , Mehdizadeh Mehdi
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0036: REMOVED: Craniofacial development is fine tuned by Sox2
Authors: Mandalos Nikolaos , Rhinn Muriel , Granchi Zoraide , Mitsiadis Thimios , Economides Aris N. , Dollé Pascal , Remboutsika Eumorphia
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0041: REMOVED: Neuropsychological deficits associated to cortical visual impairments
Authors: Chokron Sylvie , Cavezian Céline , Gueguen Marc , Caetta Florent
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0069: REMOVED: Identification of shared and distinct electrophysiological markers of ASD, ADHD and ASD+ADHD
Authors: Tye Charlotte , Asherson Philip , Ashwood Karen L. , Azadi Bahare , Bolton Patrick , McLoughlin Grainne
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0078: REMOVED: Fibronectin blocks the recovery of spinal cord injury by increasing P2Y1 receptor level
Authors: Xia Maosheng
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0120: REMOVED: Meranzin hydrate exhibits anti‐depressive and prokinetic‐like effects through regulation of the shared alpha2‐adrenoceptor in the brain‐gut axis of rats in the forced swimming test
Authors: Ying Xie , Xi Huang , Yuqian Bai
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0152: REMOVED: Behavioral effect of DNQX, AMPA receptor antagonist, on repetitive spreading depression in juvenile rats
Authors: Lotfinia Ahmad Ali
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0193: REMOVED: Beneficial effects of 17‐beta‐estradiol: A therapeutic potential drug for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Kumar Pardeep , Kale R.K. , Baquer N.Z.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0288: REMOVED: Segmental and regional differences in the neuronal expression of putative leech Hox genes during embryonic development
Authors: Gharbaran Rajendra
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0297: REMOVED: Long‐lasting therapeutic actions of fibroblast growth factor 2 in a model of brain injury associated with very premature birth
Authors: Salmaso Natalina , Kim Janice , Saenz Jon‐Michael , Davis‐Cooper Shelby , Schwartz Michael L. , Vaccarino Flora M.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0310: REMOVED: Research of the rat's behavior using fetal valproate syndrome model
Authors: Rogozinskaya E.Ya. , Gedzun V.R. , Malyshev A.V. , Dubynin V.A.
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
ISDN2014_0316: REMOVED: New research priorities of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA): Cannabis effects on brain development
Authors: Wu Da‐Yu
Published: November 2015

This article has been removed: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our‐business/policies/article‐withdrawal)

This meeting abstract has been removed by the Publisher. Due to an administrative error, abstracts that were not presented at the ISDN 2014 meeting were inadvertently published in the meeting's abstract supplement. The Publisher apologizes to the authors and readers for this error.
Development of an alert system for subjects with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Thuraisingham R.A.
Published: November 2015

Background

Knowledge of the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) episodes in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) will enable them to better manage this condition. Current advances in mobile technology allow RR interval data to be obtained in real time. An analysis technique using RR interval data is presented with a view to alert a subject before a PAF episode.

Method

The method is based on a time series of standard deviation and 0.99 quantile values of the spectral entropy, constructed from RR data. The RR data are taken from three time periods. The first time period has no occurrences of AF for 45 min to either side of the time period. The second time period just precedes an AF attack. Both of these are of thirty minutes duration. The third time period of approximately 5 min follows the second, and is when AF occurs.

Results

Twenty‐two PAF subjects were studied and in all cases there was a steady increase in the values of these indices as the onset of the AF attack approached.

Conclusion

This method of analysis of RR interval data shows potential use to alert a PAF subject before the onset of an AF episode.
Arthur Schopenhauer
Authors: Schopenhauer Arthur
Published: November 2015

With the publication of Parerga and Paralipomena in 1851, there finally came some measure of the fame that Schopenhauer thought was his due. Described by Schopenhauer himself as 'incomparably more popular than everything up till now', Parerga is a miscellany of essays addressing themes that complement his work The World as Will and Representation, along with more divergent, speculative pieces. It includes essays on method, logic, the intellect, Kant, pantheism, natural science, religion, education, and language. The present volume offers a new translation, a substantial introduction explaining the context of the essays, and extensive editorial notes on the different published versions of the work. This readable and scholarly edition will be an essential reference for those studying Schopenhauer, the history of philosophy, and nineteenth-century German philosophy.
Job Skills and Minority Youth
Authors: Hirsch Barton J.
Published: November 2015

Minority youth unemployment is an enduring economic and social concern. This book evaluates two new initiatives for minority high school students that seek to cultivate marketable job skills. The first is an after-school program that provides experiences similar to apprenticeships, and the second emphasizes new approaches to improving job interview performance. The evaluation research has several distinct strengths. It involves a randomized controlled trial, uncommon in assessments of this issue and age group. Marketable job skills are assessed through a mock job interview developed for this research and administered by experienced human resource professionals. Mixed methods are utilized, with qualitative data shedding light on what actually happens inside the programs, and a developmental science approach situating the findings in terms of adolescent development. Beneficial for policy makers and practitioners as well as scholars, Job Skills and Minority Youth focuses on identifying the most promising tactics and addressing likely implementation issues.