bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dysmenorrhea severity in war refugees with hypertension: a cross-talk with antihypertensives and analgesics
Authors: Omar Salem Gammoh
Published: April 2024

Background: Dysmenorrhea is the most common gynecological condition among women of reproductive age. Investigating the cross-talk between hypertension and dysmenorrhea is attractive and understudied, moreover, menstrual health is poorly studied in refugees.Objectives: The present study aims at examining the association between dysmenorrhea severity and antihypertensives and analgesics namely acetaminophen and Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) used by traumatized Syrian war refugeeswith hypertensionMethods: This is a cross-sectional study recruiting Syrian female refugees with hypertension. A structured questionnaire probedtheir demographics and clinical data. Dysmenorrhea severity was assessed using the WaLIDD (working ability, location, intensity,days of pain, dysmenorrhea) self-report scaleResults: Data were analysed from 125 patients, almost half were diabetic, 47 (37.6%) had dyslipidemia, 59 (47%) reported usingβ-blockers, 56 (44.8%) reported using ACEIs/ARBs, 43 (34.2) reported using CCBs and 30 (25%) were using diuretics. According to the multivariate binary logistic regression, severe dysmenorrhea was associated with acetaminophen OR 6.5, 95%CI (1.39-30.55), p=0.02 and NSAIDs use OR 2.97, 95%CI (1.28-6.89), p=0.02. Antihypertensive drugs were not associated with dysmenorrhea severity.Conclusion: Determinants of severe dysmenorrhea in patients with hypertension need more study, herein we report that analgesicsbut not antihypertensives are not associated with dysmenorrhea severity.
Evaluation of the anatomical locations and sizes of uterine fibroids from ultrasound examination in Ghana
Authors: Emmanuel Kobina Mesi Edzie , Klenam Dzefi-Tettey , Edmund Kwakye Brakohiapa , Philip Narteh Gorleku , Eric Aidoo , Stephen Kwaku Amoah , Samuel Asiamah , Frank Quarshie , Obed Nimo , Amrit Raj , Joshua Mensah Kpobi , Evans Boadi , Richard Ato Edzie , Veronica Turkson , Henry Kusodzi , Abdul Raman Asemah
Published: April 2024

Background: Uterine fibroids locations and sizes, have significant influences on the quality of life of women especially pregnantwomen and on live birth rate.Objectives: To determine the anatomical locations and sizes of uterine fibroids and assess any possible associations with age groups.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed the locations and sizes of a total of 3,542 patients who were ultrasonographically diagnosed with uterine fibroids from January 2019 to December 2021. The obtained data were analysed using GNU PSPP, and Python on Jupyter Notebook with statistical significance level set at p≤0.05.Results: The overall average diameter of uterine myoma was 5.50±2.60cm (95%CI=5.41–5.58, range=1.00cm–19.10cm) and the respective mean diameter of intramural, subserosal and submucosal fibroids were 5.53±2.60cm (95%CI=5.44–5.62), 5.50±2.27cm (95%CI=5.27–5.74) and 5.82±2.77cm (95%CI=5.49–6.14). Most of the fibroid nodules were small (48.36%, n=1713) and only 5.84% (n=207) were large (>10cm). Posterofundal fibroids and lower anterior myomas were mostly seen in the 35-44 years age class.Conclusion: The majority of the uterine fibroids were intramural and were mostly at the anterior uterine wall. The submucosalfibroids, even though the rarest, were averagely larger than the other types of uterine myomas. The diameter of uterine fibroidsincreased with age.
Fertility awareness and teenage pregnancy in rural western Uganda: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Lilian Birungi , Jonathan Izudi
Published: April 2024

Background: Teenage pregnancy (pregnancy among girls aged 13-19 years) is prevalent in Uganda but data about the associatedfactors are limited.Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Buliisa district, western Uganda. Wehypothesized that fertility awareness is associated with reduced likelihood of teenage pregnancy.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included girls aged 15-19 years and collected data using a structured questionnaire.The modified Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the association between fertility awareness and teenage pregnancy,adjusted for confounders, reported using adjusted prevalence risk ratio (aPR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).Results: Of 246 teenagers, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 41.5% while fertility awareness was 56.7%. The age category 18-19 years (aPR, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.16-5.47), fertility awareness (aPR, 1.80; 95%CI, 1.30-2.51) and Muslim faith (aPR, 1.37; 95%CI, 1.04-1.80) were associated with increased likelihood of teenage pregnancy. Living with a father (aPR, 0.61; 95%CI, 0.48-0.76), mother (aPR, 0.65; 95%CI, 0.524-0.81), or both parents (aPR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43-0.76) was associated with a reduced likelihood of teenage pregnancy.Conclusion: The prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Bulisa district is high. There is a need to target teenagers with correctfertility information, including the engagement of parents and religious leaders.
Total intravenous anaesthesia in rural sub-Saharan Africa: report of 25 cases
Authors: Marrero-Garcia Ramses , Clusella Aleix , Prendes Diego , Soliva-Domínguez Ramón , Vives Teresa
Published: April 2024

Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) is a potential solution for safe and effective anesthesia administration in rural regions of sub-Saharan Africa, where access to inhalational anesthesia may be limited. However, challenges such as equipment and medication availability, as well as a shortage of trained anesthesiologists, can limit the use of TIVA. In this study, the safety and efficacy of TIVA were evaluated in a case series of 25 female patients undergoing thyroid surgery in a rural area of sub-Saharan Africa. The TIVA protocol involved the use of propofol, fentanyl, rocuronium, and sugammadex. Results showed that TIVA was a safe and effective method of anesthesia administration in this setting, with no major adverse events reported. The use of TIVA may offer advantages such as faster recovery times, reduced incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, and reduced risk of environmental pollution compared to inhalational anesthesia. However, the cost and monitoring requirements of TIVA may pose challenges in resource-limited settings. Further research is needed to determine the optimal use of TIVA in this context.
Editor’s choice: Tackling infectious diseases, NCDs and sexual reproductive health issues as we enter our 24th year of remarkable growth
Authors: K Tumwine James
Published: April 2024

NIL.
Barriers to enrolment of clients into community client led anti-retroviral therapy delivery (CCLAD) in selected health facilities in Kasese District, Uganda
Authors: Omona Kizito
Published: April 2024

Background: Community Client Led Anti-retroviral therapy Delivery (CCLAD) Model has been associated with increased community participation and ownership, which leads to better treatment outcomes with reduced workload and increased client satisfaction of health services.

Aim: To explore the barriers to enrolment of eligible clients into CCLAD in selected health facilities in Kasese District, Uganda.

Materials & methods: Analytical cross-sectional study utilizing mixed method approach was conducted among 384 PLWHIV attending public health facilities of Kasese District. Sampling was done by simple random sampling method. Data was collected using researcher-administered questionnaire method and interview guide.

Results: Most of the respondents 253(65.9%) had not yet enrolled into CCLAD. This was due to some client-related factors such as non-disclosure of HIV sero-status (p=0.040), person to whom HIV sero-status was disclosed to (p=0.009), not having ever heard about CCLAD (p=0.000), incorrect description of CCLAD (p=0.000), limited knowledge of advantages of CCLAD (p=0.000) or disadvantages of CCLAD (p=0.003). Other barriers were; failure to have access to organizations or groups that support PLWHIV to get treatment (p=0.025) and duration of ART refills [AOR=1.637, 95% CI (0.820 – 3.270)].

Conclusion: Adoption of CCLAD model among PLWHIV in Kasese District is still low.

Keywords: Community client led anti-retroviral therapy delivery (CCLAD); enrolment; health care and public health.
Effect of ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of organically cultivated Pleurotusostreatus on the haematological indices of high sucrose- high fat diet-streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
Authors: Okoroh P.N. , Uwakwe A.A. , Orieke D.
Published: April 2024

The effect of ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of organically cultivated Pleurotusostreatus on the haematologicalindicesof HS-HFD-Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was determined using standard methods. The pharmacological model was 20% High Sucrose (HS) + 20% High Fat Diet (HFD) + 35mg/kg body weight (via intraperitoneal) Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat model, with the fruiting body ethanol extracts administered orally at 50, 150 and 300mg/kgb.w.The level of RBC indices, (count, Hb, HCT, MCH, MCHC and MCV in all the groups treated with ethanol extracts of P.ostreatus, the reference group and the control group were significantly(p< 0.05) higher compared to the diabetic control group while the WBC,PLT, MPV, PDW , PCTRDW-CV and RDW-SD levels in the P.ostreatus ethanol extract groups, metformin reference treatment group and the normal control were significantly ((p< 0.05) lower compared to the diabetic control groupafter the 3rd, 6th and 9th week of treatment respectively.The results of the study revealed that the RBC , hemoglobin, HCT, MCH, MCHC and MCV levels were significantly raised within normal ranges by the extract in a time and dose dependent manner in the treated diabetic rats. The extracts also showed positive effects on WBC, PLT, MPV, PDW, PCT, RDW-CV and RDW-SD levels by lowering them towards the normal ranges, time and dose dependently. These results therefore suggest that ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of organically cultivated Pleurotusostreatus may be employed in the management of anaemia, prevent bleeding or disorder of platelet function and improve immune function in diabetics.
Exploration of the catabolic plasmid genes profile of crude oil degrading bacteria isolated from aged oil contaminated soils of Anambra State
Authors: Ifediegwu M. C., , Orji M.U. , Onuora S.C. , Uba B.O.
Published: April 2024

This study was undertaken to explore the catabolic plasmid genes profile and molecular identification of crude oil degrading bacteria isolated from aged oil contaminated soils of Anambra State. Enrichment technique, turbidometric test, plasmid profiling and curing tests, biodegradation capability testing as well asmolecular identification method were carried out using standard procedures.A total of sixty (60) bacterial isolates were encountered in the four different soil samples. Of the total bacterial isolates, 22 strains demonstrated high crude oil degrading potentials (A600nm > 0.3). The plasmid DNA was present in 8 out of the 22 bacterial strains such that bacteria strains G2, H4, and K4 had one plasmid each with molecular weight of 9416 base pairs while bacteria strains C3, D1, J3 and L2 had two plasmids each with molecular weight of 2111 base pairs. The bacterial strains C1 and J3 recorded the highest growths on the solid media after the plasmid removal. The isolates belong to various species which are Bacillus cereus C12 (100 % similarity), Pseudomonas aeruginosa KAVK01 (100% similarity), Bacillus licheniformis 126 (96 % similarity), Ochrobacteriumintermedium E85b (97% similarity), Bacillus subtillis SDDlas (100 % similarity), Bacillus subtillis LK4.5 (97 % similarity),Enterobacter cloacae GEBRI III (97 % similarity) and Bacillus cereus So24 (100 % similarity). Therefore, plasmid-borne Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ochrobacteriumintermediumare recommended for use in bioremediation because of their resilience to the crude oil contaminant and degradation capacities.
Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle from three selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Authors: Ezenwaka C. O. , Udi A. , Nzeako S. O.
Published: April 2024

Haemoparasites infestation in cattle cause significant economic loss due to morbidity and mortality and pose a major threat to food security, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This research aimed at determining the prevalence of haemoparasites in cattle from three selected abattoirs in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected via jugular vein ligation into an Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) bottle and examined for haemoparasites using standard laboratory techniques, after consent was obtained from cattle owners. Blood parasites detected were identified using keys. An overall prevalence of 21.31% was recorded; with 13 out of 61 samples examined being infected. Thirteen (13) male cattle were examined, out of which 4(30.77%) were infected; while, 9(18.75%) out of the 48 female cattle examined were infected. Although the males recorded a higher prevalence of infection than the females, the difference in prevalence between the sexes was not significant (P>0.05). Two tick-borne haemoparasites, namely Babesia sp. and Theileria sp. were recorded. Babesia sp. was found in 6(9.84%) while 11(18.03%) of Theileria were recorded (P<0.05). Abattoir-based prevalence indicated that of the 27 cattle examined in Aluu abattoir, 4(14.81%) were infected. Out of the 15 cattle examined in Choba abattoir, 3(20.00%) were infected; while of the 19 samples examined in Rumuosi abattoir, 6(31.58%) were infected. There was no significant association between the prevalence of infection and abattoirs sampled (P>0.05). High prevalence of haemoparasites indicates a potential risk of zoonosis among the population. Advanced studies on the disease’s epidemiology are needed for effective investigation and control strategies.
Biostimulation potentials of spent milled maize and cowblood on a crude oil polluted soil
Authors: Oriakpono Obemeata E. , Naade Noble L.
Published: April 2024

This study was carried out to investigate the biostimulation effect of the application of spent milled maize and cow blood to crude oil polluted soil. The treatment groups were; Control (0 L crude oil (CO) + 0 kg spent milled maize (SMM)), group 1 (1 L CO + 1 kg SMM + 1 L cow blood), group 2 (2 L CO + 2 kg SMM) and group 3 (5 L CO + 5 kg SMM). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design A total of four treatment combinations were applied and replicated 3 times giving a total of 48 plots.The physicochemical properties and bacterial load of the soil were determined before pollution, two weeks after pollution, four weeks and eight weeks after remediation. The results for physicochemical properties of soil indicates a decrease in total organic carbon and nitrogen while there was an increase in the levels of cation exchange capacity, phosphorus and electrical conductivity after crude oil pollution. The mean levels of total petroleum hydrocarbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon reduced after the pollution. The application of the spent milled maize and cow bloodwere observed to improve the physicochemical properties of soil. There was also an increased bacterial count for the treated groups compared to the control; the values ranged from 1.3 x 103cfu/g to 1.24 x 108cfu/g. The identified bacteria were Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Clostridium and Nocardia species.Generally, this study has revealed that spent milled maize and cow blood are effective in the restoration of crude oil polluted soil.
Effect of storage on the proximate composition of Moringa oleifera seed used in water purification
Authors: Onu C. A. , Nwaiwu N. E.
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to determine the effect of storage time and mode of storage on the proximate composition of Moringa oleifera (MO) seeds used in water purification. MO seeds were stored for a period of 150days in various forms, namely Winged seed in bottles (WSBO), Winged seed in cellophane bags (WSCB), Seed pod in baskets (SPBA), Shelled seed in bottles(SSBO), Shelled seed in baskets (SSBA) and Winged seed in baskets (WSBA). Proximate analyses were carried out at 30-day intervals to monitor the bio-composition and hence the health status of the stored seed as storage time increased. Results show that the storage time for MO seeds had significant effects on the proximate properties, unlike the mode of storage. The increase in moisture content was attributed to ambient moisture content due to the rainy season. Carbohydrates and Fibre contents generally increased as storage time progressed, while minimal reductions in lipid content, 0.43%-2.25%, were observed. The ash content persistently decreased until 120 days of storage but increased afterwards. This study has shown that storage time and not storage mode has a significant effect on MO seed stored for a period of 150 days.
The Effect of Global and Local Chemical Reactivity Descriptors in the Determination of Properties of Transition Metal Clusters
Authors: Dulla Habte
Published: April 2024

Recently, research on material properties has got lots of attention because of their promising technological applications. In this paper, the author’s focus is on the global and local chemical reactivity descriptors of some transition metal clusters. In addition, the author also include findings of chemical properties with reactivity descriptors. Furthermore, according to Thomas–Fermi approximation and from the exact formulation of Density Functional Theory by Hohenberg and Kohn’s theorem, the author introduce electronegativity and the theory of hardness and softness for further investigation of chemical properties of the clusters. As a part of investigations, the author also introduce the Fukui functions with an emphasis for the determinations of chemical reactivity descriptors.  All the results are obtained by theoretical investigation of electronegativity), Chemical potential (), chemical hardness (), and polarizability () of the given transition metal clusters (Cr and Mn). From the results, the author observed that the ionization potential of the clusters increases with decreasing cluster size as the clusters become more stable and tend towards chemical inertness. In conclusion, determination of the reactivity descriptors of the transition metal clusters show results that are in line with previous experimental and theoretical findings.
Covid-19 vaccination satisfaction among the inhabitants of Niger State, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Sheshi I.M. , Jiya S,N.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: With the rapidly spreading COVID-19 infection around the world in 2020, international alliance and governments mobilized resources to produce multiple vaccine within the shortest period and it was discovered to be the single most effective agent to contain the virus.Objectives: This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of participants with the Covid-19 vaccination exercise carried out in Niger State.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive design in which the respondents were randomly selected from the selected vaccination cluster(site). Exit interview was conducted among 388 respondents with pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. SPSS version 27 and AMOS software were used to carry out the analysis.Results: Overall level of satisfaction was found to be 53.6%. The reliability coefficient was Cronbach alpha 0.882. SEM revealed that all the dimensions studied influence level of satisfaction (p=0.000).There was significant associations between age and occupation with level of satisfaction (p<0.05). Multi variate binary logistic regression did not reveal any significant predictor of satisfaction among the socio demographic variables (p>0.05).Conclusion: The marginal increase level of satisfaction underscores the need to resolve the variables the clients were dissatisfied with. The health workers carrying the immunization process should be retrained on the needs of the clients.
Accessibility andutilization of maternal and child health services among mothers in rural and urban communities of Oyo State
Authors: Ige R. O. , Akande R.O. , Ilori O. R. , Israel O.K. , Abodurin O.L. , Idowu A.B. , Anegbe N.E. , Akin-Dosumu V.T. , Adegoke R. A. , Fatoye O. A. , Bada O.B.
Published: April 2024

Background: Utilization of maternal and child health services has been linked to the characteristics of the health delivery system like the geographical and economic accessibility (cost) of these services. Low utilization of these services has been implicated in the explanation of high maternal and child mortality worldwide. Early and prompt utilization of maternal and child health care services would have averted most of these deaths. This study assessed the accessibility and utilization of maternal and child health services among mothers in rural and urban communities of Oyo state.Methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study using a mixed method (quantitative and qualitative) of data collection. A pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 300 respondents that were recruited using a multistage sampling technique. The qualitative data was obtained through focus group discussions (FGD) with four groups selected using purposive sampling. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22 at 95% significance level with a p<0.05.Results: This study showed that significant differences existed between the respondents' utilization of maternal and child health services among women of child bearing age in the rural and urban communities (p= 0.013). Few respondents in rural communities (72, 48.0%) have good utilization of maternal and child health services compared to the urban communities where more respondents (119,79.3%) have good utilization of maternal and child health services. Proximity of health facility and affordability of maternal and child health service were found to be statistically significant for respondents in the rural community. This finding is also similar to the FGD findings from the rural discussants.Conclusion: Overall good accessibility and good utilization of maternal and child health services were found to be more for respondents in the urban areas compared their counterparts in the rural communities. It is important for the government to initiate policies on health insurance to favour maternal and child health services especially in the rural communities.
Antimicrobial Resistance among neonates with neonatal Sepsis Morogoro Tanzania
Authors: Bakari Abdallah , Kidima Winifrida , Kassuwi Shaaban , Mwang’onde Beda , Matemba Lucas
Published: April 2024

Background: Neonatal sepsis increases neonatal morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income nations. however, the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, the etiological agents, and antimicrobial resistance patterns have not been documented in areas with the highest neonatal mortality rates in Tanzania.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of neonatal sepsis, identify the primary causative agents, and understand their resistance patterns at Morogoro Regional Hospital.

Methods: The study involved 252 admitted neonates at Morogoro Regional Hospital and was carried out between March and June 2019. Clinical and demographic information for each neonate was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from all 252 neonates, and 50 swabs were randomly taken from neonates with umbilical pus discharge. The samples were then cultured using aseptic techniques on blood agar, chocolate agar, and MacConkey agar. The identification of the causative agents relied on the characteristics of colony morphology, gram staining, and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were determined using the disc diffusion method with Muller Hinton agar against Ampiclox, Erythromycin, Gentamycin, Nalidixic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Kanamycin,Co-trimoxazole, Cephalexin, Ceftriaxone, and Amikacin.

Results: The prevalence of neonatal sepsis, as determined through blood culture, was 40 % (102 /252). The predominant bacteria isolated from blood cultures were E. coli 31 %, Staphylococcus aureus  23 %, and Citrobacter spp 16%. Around 50% of the gram-negative bacteria showed resistance to Ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin. Both gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus displayed resistance to Ampiclox.

Conclusion: E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Citrobacter spp. were shown to be the most frequent bacteria in neonatal sepsis in Morogoro. Many isolates were Ampiclox-resistant. Neonatal sepsis is common in Morogoro, highlighting the need for innovative neonatal care and preventative techniques.
Metastatic patterns and hormone receptor status among breast cancer patients in Tanzania
Authors: Dharsee Nazima , Haule Mary , Tarimo Queen
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Metastatic breast cancer is a common presentation in Tanzania. Estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive tumors are known to metastasize to the bones and require hormonal treatment as first-line therapy. Challenges with accessing immunohistochemistry services can delay information on breast cancer subtypes, further delaying treatment with effective hormonal therapy.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the pattern of distribution of metastatic lesions in patients with metastatic breast cancer and evaluate its association with their hormone and HER-2 status, which could help provide recommendations on the use of front-line hormone therapy in areas where access to immunohistochemistry is a challenge.
Methods: A retrospective study covering histologically confirmed breast cancer patients in 2020 with metastatic lesions and complete medical records at Ocean Road Cancer Institute. Clinical information on the number, state and sites of metastasis, presence of symptoms and treatment received, and pathological variables, including histology, ER, PR and HER-2 status, were documented.
Results: Forty-nine (96.1%) of 51 patients analysed were female, with a mean age of 49.5 years. 47% presented with up-front metastatic disease. Lung was the most common metastatic site (76.5%) followed by bone/spine (53%). About half the patients had multiple sites involved. ER-positive tumors accounted for 47%, PR positive for 31% and HER-2 positive 39.2%. ER-positive tumors were more likely to present as a recurrence than up-front metastasis. ER-positive tumors were significantly more likely to be associated with bone and spine metastasis (59%) compared to ER-negative tumors (29%)
Conclusion: The clinical and pathological features of MBC in Tanzanian women are similar in many ways to those in other African regions. However, the ER positivity rate is lower. This study found a significant association between ER-positive tumours and skeletal metastasis, which has implications for the up-front treatment of these patients, especially where access to immunohistochemistry can be a challenge.
Dietary diversity and Anthropometric status of students at universities in Dodoma and Morogoro regions, Tanzania
Authors: Mgetta Neema , Muhimbula Happiness
Published: April 2024

Background: Young adulthood is a transitional period that provides an opportunity to influence immediate and future eating behavior and good nutritional status. As diets evolve during young adulthood due to changes in circumstances and the introduction of new influences, young adults are a significant population group to influence future eating behaviours and prevent the development of NCDS. There is scanty information on the relationship between dietary diversity and the nutritional status of university students in Tanzania. This study aimed to find the synergy between university students' anthropometric status and dietary diversity in Morogoro and Dodoma regions of Tanzania.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 247 University students in Morogoro and Dodoma regions (130 from Mzumbe University and 117 from Saint John’s University) respectively. The two Universities were purposively selected from each region. Data on Dietary diversity was collected using food groups from DDS to obtain the dietary score of each student. Anthropometric measures such as weight, height and waist circumference were done to obtain the anthropometric status of the University students.
Results: The descriptive cross-sectional study involved 247 University students. In comparative chi-square analysis, the association was found among different socio-demographic characteristics of the University students. The p-value < 0.05 was used to determine the association among the variables.
Conclusion: In conclusion, university students are a vulnerable group in developing obesity/overweight due to the transitional stage. Being overweight and obese was associated with being female, increased age and being married. High dietary diversity was also linked with abdominal obesity. Factors that can help describe and understand the anthropometric status of university students have also been identified. These include years of study, religion, and university location. Therefore, efforts to adopt good lifestyle behaviours should be sensitized amongst this sub-population to reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases in the long run.
Complete genome sequences and multidrug resistance genotypes of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolates from the Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory Muhimbili Tanzania
Authors: Nondoli Hortensia , Maghembe Reuben , Kidima Winifrida , Makene Victor , Ngadaya Esther
Published: April 2024

Background: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) usually comprise a group of environmental bacteria, with emerging but elusive coinfection with tuberculous mycobacteria, causing pulmonary tuberculosis. Whole genome sequencing may give insight into potential antimicrobial resistance genotypes, giving clinicians and policymakers proper directions in clinical applications and management regimens.
Methods: WGS was performed on twenty-four gDNA isolates from archival samples at the Central Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory using the MinION Oxford Nanopore Sequencing approach. Out of twenty-four, two were confirmed to belong to the NTM group. Further analysis was done to resolve the complete genomes of two nontuberculous mycobacteria strains isolated from tuberculosis patients. We then combined phylogenomics, reference-based scaffolding and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis to delineate each strain's taxonomic position and corresponding features.
Results: Our findings reveal that the two strains fit into the genus Mycolicibacterium, and the closest relative is Mycolicibacterium novocastrense. Coupling BacAnt and CARD-based antibiotic resistance analyses revealed multidrug-resistant genotypes of diverse spectra and mechanisms. While the BC02 strain is genetically resistant to beta-lactams, macrolides and rifamycins, the BC05 strain portrays an extended drug resistance genotype encompassing beta-lactams, macrolides, polyamines, and aminoglycosides. Both strains possess a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the RNA polymerase beta-subunit (rpoB), representing resistance to the first-line rifampicin. Additionally, the BC05 strain genetically portrays resistance to ethambutol, isoniazid and fosfomycin through mechanisms involving target alteration through SNPs, drug inactivation and efflux.
Conclusion: Our findings strongly suggest the potential implication of multidrug-resistant NTM clinical isolates in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Food Environment Facing School Children in Public Primary Schools in Morogoro Municipality
Authors: Mamiro Anna , Msuya John
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The study focused on examining the overall food environment influencing the dietary choices of school children in public primary schools in Morogoro Municipality. Four primary schools—Magadu, SUA, Mlimani, and Kikundi—were purposively sampled to represent the broader school landscape in the municipality. SUA and Mlimani were in urban and peri-urban areas, Magadu represented peri-urban settings, and Kikundi was in the town center. Data collection involved administering a structured questionnaire to 97 school children, selected through convenient sampling based on their availability on the day of data collection.
Results showed that most children were aware of healthy foods (62.9%) but demonstrated lower awareness of unhealthy foods (52.6%). Only 52% of children brought food from home, while the majority purchased items from vendors around the school premises. The most consumed junk foods included biscuits (83.5%), chips (75.3%), chocolates (74.2%), and fried buns (72.2%). Notably, school regulations or bylaws governing the sale of food to children were absent.
Discussion: The findings suggested that children were more conscious of healthy foods than unhealthy options, possibly leading them to consume the latter unknowingly. The study emphasized the prevalence of unhealthy food consumption among school children and highlighted the absence of regulatory measures in place. Addressing these issues could promote healthier dietary habits among school children in Morogoro Municipality.
Clinical profile, treatment modalities and outcomes among patients with upper aero-digestive tract emergencies at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Protas Cecilia , Kimaro Olivia , Donasiano Alex , Ephraim Samson K. , Chalya Phillipo L.
Published: April 2024

Background: Upper aero-digestive tract emergencies (UADTEs) are common in our setting and can be life-threatening and challenging to otolaryngologists. However, there is a paucity of clinical studies on these emergencies. This study aimed to determine the clinical profile, treatment modalities and outcomes of upper aero-digestive tract emergencies at Bugando Medical Centre (BMC), Mwanza, Tanzania.
Methods: Between January and May 2019, a cross-sectional study involving patients presenting with a clinical diagnosis of     UADTEs was conducted at BMC.
Results: Of 487 ENT emergencies seen during the study period, 128 (26.3%) patients had UADTEs. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.5: 1. Their median age at presentation was 5 [range, 2-40] years.   The major causes of UADTEs were foreign body ingestion, head and neck tumours, foreign body aspiration and cut-throat injuries that were seen in 56(43.8%), 33(25.8%), 25(19.5%) and (3.9%), respectively. The most frequent presentations were dysphagia 81(63.3%), difficulty in breathing 61(47.7%) and odynophagia 56(43.8). Age ≤ 40 years (p=0.02), prolonged duration to treatment (p=0.04) and low blood oxygen saturation (SPO2) (p=0.04) were significantly associated with poor outcomes following esophagoscopy. In addition, delayed duration to treatment (p=0.01) and foreign body ingestion (p=0.001) were significantly associated with prolonged hospital stay.
Conclusion: UADTEs are common at BMC and constitute a significant cause of otorhinolaryngological admission with foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract as the most typical cause of these emergencies. Most of these injuries can be prevented through public enlightenment campaigns. Early detection and management of UADTEs is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with these emergencies.
Nutritional Status Among Head and Neck Cancer Patients, Tanzania
Authors: Massawe Enica Richard , Nyakubega Peter
Published: April 2024

Background:  Nutrition in cancer patients is a challenge as various mechanisms can lead to poor nutrition status, and this contributes to poor prognosis and quality of life. In developing countries, before one concludes that cancer is the culprit to malnutrition, one has to rule out access to food. The Head and Neck region is involved with the intake and initial processing of the food. Therefore, the presence of a tumor in any subsite directly affects nutritional status.
Aim: This study aimed to establish nutritional adequacy among Head and Neck Cancer patients accessing services at a tertiary hospital in Tanzania.
Method: The study was cross-sectional descriptive. Patients with head and neck cancer attended from 1st August 2022 to 31st January 2023 were recruited. Information about access to food was collected and nutrition was measured by anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests (serum albumin levels). After data collection, the correctness was checked by running frequency tables and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.
Results: The study involved a total of 113 participants aged from 15 to 93 years with a mean age of 51.81+/-17.439 years. There were 74 males and 39 females, making a ratio of 1.9:1. Most participants had laryngeal tumours (46%). 85.6% of patients had advanced disease, stage IV (52.2%).17% of patients had pre-existing dietary risk, and 36.3% had severe malnourishment at presentation. In this study,75% of patients with oropharyngeal tumours had malnutrition, followed by hypopharyngeal and nasopharyngeal tumours, each with 66.7%. Stage IV patients were severely malnourished (57.6%) which was statistically significant.
Conclusion and recommendation: Laryngeal tumours are common in men and are related to advanced age. Most of the patients with Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) had severe malnourishment. Management of head and neck cancer should also address malnutrition which contributes to poor prognosis and quality of life.
Młodzi dorośli wobec dezinformacji. Katalogi i rzeczywiste profile kompetencji cyfrowych
Authors: Ogonowska Agnieszka , Walecka-Rynduch Agnieszka
Published: April 2024

Autorki, legitymujące się już znaczącym dorobkiem dotykającym kwestii edukacji medialnej, w udany sposób dokonują – jak same piszą – „diagnozy medialnej” młodych dorosłych, choć w moim odczuciu udało się tutaj zrobić znacznie więcej. Mam bowiem wrażenie, że dokonały raczej diagnozy uśrednionej współczesnej mediasfery, w której nie tylko nie działają już intuicje „cyfrowych tubylców”, ale z której przemianami nie radzą sobie także starsze pokolenia. Dlatego ogromnym atutem tej publikacji jest fakt, że autorki w uporządkowany i niezwykle przejrzysty sposób zmapowały uwarunkowania współczesnych problemów z fake newsami, których nieskrępowany społeczny obieg zagraża demokracji, ale też po prostu bezpieczeństwu – wszak w dobie konfliktów hybrydowych przestrzeń informacyjna ma również duże znaczenie militarne (nie przypadkiem wśród odwołań pojawiają się więc dokumenty Komisji Europejskiej, ale i NATO). To nie tylko przygotowanie podbudowy pod dalsze diagnozy, lecz częściowo samodzielny, podparty bardzo rozbudowaną bibliografią przegląd przemian współczesnej mediasfery. Fragment recenzji prof. dr. hab. Mirosława Filiciaka
ANALISIS PENERAPAN SISTEM ENTERPRISE RESOURCE PLANNING(ERP) PADA PROSES PRODUKSI SHOELAST DI PT YIN HWA INDONESIA
Authors: Rahmatullah Asep , Kiswantoro Bayu
Published: April 2024

PT Yin Hwa Indonesia is a company that produces Shoelasts which will be used to support the production of shoes with world-famous brands. Based on the data obtained by researchers from the ERP system there are differences that occur between conditions in the field and data stored in the ERP system. This difference condition is getting bigger when the production of shoelast has exceeded 20000 pairs every month.The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of the ERP system in the Shoelast Production Process and to find solutions related to the problems of implementing the ERP system so that problems regarding the application of the ERP system are no longer found.The research method used is the PDCA method, which is the method used to solve the problem of data differences in the ERP system that occurs in the production department.Observations and interviews conducted by researchers, there are several problems that must be taken corrective action, namely making SOPs due to the absence of SOPs related to the implementation of ERP systems in the production section, increasing bandwidth because ERP systems that use internet networks require a capacity that matches the number of ERP system users, worker training in order to improve competence in running an ERP system in the production section ， and it is necessary to install additional software, namely Lan Messengger to support the speed of information between the recipient of information from consumers and the part that runs the information.From the observations, it can be suggested that improvements that need to be implemented by the company include making SOPs with ISO 9001: 2015 standards, increasing bandwidth, training workers and installing the Lan Messengger software
PENERAPAN KANBAN PADA SISTEM INVENTORI PT.X PHARMACEUTICAL INDONESIA
Authors: Aulia Maya Asyifa , Alpiansyah Chandra , Lestari Dhea Ayu , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: April 2024

PT. X Pharmaceutical Indonesia adalah pabrik farmasi yang memfokuskan diri dalam mendistribusikan obat. Saat ini PT.X Pharmaceutical Indonesia belum menerapkan kanban pada sistem inventori secara menyeluruh, sehingga persediaan tidak dapat dikendalikan dengan baik. Permasalahan yang terjadi di PT.X Pharmaceutical Indonesia adalah operator pelaksana tidak bertanggung jawab dalam penerapan Kanban di pabrik. Terlebih lagi masih ada kekurangan prosedur yang disebabkan oleh persediaan yang tidak direncanakan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengimplentasikan Kanban dan untuk mengontrol material di PT.X Pharmaceutical Indonesia. Hasilnya menunjukan bahwa Kanban dapat dilaksanakan dengan membuat work instruction dan dikendalikan dipabrik. Namun untuk mendapatkan hasil yang maksimal dari penerapan Kanban masih membutuhkan penyesuaian dari pihak-pihak yang terkait, maka hasil  maksimal akan didapat seiring berjalanya waktu
ANALISIS PUTARAN MESIN DIESEL 16 SILINDER MENGGUNAKAN ALAT DYNAMOMETER TERHADAP TORSI MESIN, DAYA MESIN DAN KOMSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR
Authors: Yani Ahmad
Published: April 2024

The diesel engine is a machine that converts heat energy directly into mechanical energy. In a four-stroke diesel engine, the working principle is to complete one cycle or a series of work processes to produce combustion, and one stroke of effort requires four strokes of the piston. This study aims to determine engine torque, engine power and fuel consumption in a 16-cylinder diesel engine. This research method was carried out experimentally by taking data using a dynamometer to obtain torque and engine power values. The results showed that each change in engine speed can affect the value of engine torque, engine power value and the amount of fuel consumption. This is because the higher the engine speed, the more combustion that will produce power than the engine itself, because the engine is a 4-stroke diesel engine, so every two rotations of the engine will produce one business step that will rotate the flywheel. The highest engine torque occurs at 1500 rpm with a value of 6061.161 lbft and the highest engine power occurs at 1800 rpm with a value of 1,861,691 HP, this happens because it is protection from the engine itself that is set by the manufacturer. While the highest fuel consumption occurs at 1900 rpm engine speed with a value of 0.354 lb/hp-hr
Neuropatia Oftalmoplégica Dolorosa Recorrente: Um Desafio Diagnóstico na Idade Pediátrica
Authors: Camacho Sampaio Margarida , Coimbra Queirós Henrique , Palavra Filipe , Pais Rui Pedro , Paiva Catarina , Costa Carmen
Published: April 2024

A neuropatia oftalmoplégica dolorosa recorrente (NODR) é uma entidade clínica rara, cuja fisiopatologia não está bem esclarecida. Apresentamos o caso de uma menina que, aos 14 meses, iniciou subitamente ptose palpebral direita e parésia incompleta do nervo oculomotor ipsilateral. A ressonância magnética revelou um espessamento da emergência do referido nervo. Cumpriu tratamento com corticosteróide e, ao longo dos anos, apresentou múltiplos episódios semelhantes, concluindo-se pelo diagnóstico de NDOR. O segundo caso envolve uma adolescente de 17 anos, com antecedentes de enxaqueca episódica e infeção assintomática a SARS-CoV-2, também com ptose palpebral direita, com evolução rápida para parésia incompleta do nervo oculomotor ipsilateral. Consideraram-se a miastenia gravis ocular, uma nevralgia craniana associada à COVID-19 e também a NDOR como hipóteses, não tendo havido recidivas, até ao momento. O reconhecimento da NDOR é difícil. Esta situação pode contribuir para que a sua prevalência esteja subestimada, particularmente na idade pediátrica.
Los archivos de hermandades y cofradías de Sevilla: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Rodríguez Babío Amparo
Published: April 2024

Olvidados durante siglos, estos importantes depósitos documentales fueron recuperados para la Historia a finales del siglo XIX, cuando algunos cronistas e historiadores comenzaron a investigar en ellos para documentar sus obras. Ya en el siglo XX, y concretamente en los años 90, algunos profesores universitarios los rescataron del forzoso olvido en que yacían y los dieron a conocer al gran público. En 1995 se firmó un convenio entre la Fundación El Monte, el Consejo General de HH. y CC. de Sevilla y la Universidad de Sevilla para ordenar y organizar estos archivos. Gracias a este acuerdo más de 15 archivos han visto organizados sus fondos documentales.
Panorama histórico y actual de las órdenes y congregaciones mercedarias en la provincia de Sevilla
Authors: Ruiz Barrera Mª Teresa
Published: April 2024

El estudio pretende aclarar la diversidad religiosa — órdenes, congregaciones e institutos femeninos — que se acogen bajo la denominación de Merced desde el siglo XIII hasta nuestros días, haciendo un breve recorrido por la situación histórica, pasada y presente, de cada una de las órdenes y congregaciones mercedarias citadas.
La intromisión francesa de 1808 y las secuelas para la Iglesia
Authors: Ruiz Pérez José-Leonardo
Published: April 2024

Durante buena parte del siglo XIX los sectores confesionales y clericales españoles tuvieron una visión muy negativa de Francia. A ello contribuyeron los sucesos de la Guerra de la Independencia frente a Napoleón. En opinión de estos sectores, la dependenciaideológica de la clase política española de los planteamientos revolucionarios franceses durante el siglo XIX había tenido unas consecuencias desastrosas para España. Así, nada tenía de extraño que Francia, aparte de hacerla responsable de nuestros desatinos, fuese presentada por estos sectores también como “Madre y maestra de todas las impiedades”, calificación que se reitera a lo largo de toda la centuria decimonónica: si en un principio lo era por haber sido la adalid de la causa liberal y democrática, décadas más tarde sería –ya en la III República- de las políticas secularizadoras y laicistas.
La recreación de la celebración del Corpus Christi en la exposición “Fiesta y Simulacro”
Authors: Escalera Pérez Reyes
Published: April 2024

La exposición “Fiesta y simulacro” (Palacio Episcopal de Málaga) formó parte del proyecto Andalucía Barroca 2007 organizado por  la Consejería de Cultura de la Junta de Andalucía. Desde el 19 de septiembre de 2007 al 6 de enero de 2008 se exhibieron en sus salas obras relacionadas con las celebraciones de los siglos XVII y XVIII, recreándose en ellas el ambiente que se respiraba en los pueblos y ciudades andaluces en los días de fiesta; para ello se emularon espacios, se interpretaron arquitecturas y se crearon ilusiones. La sección “Devoción, rito y ceremonia” se dedicó a la fiesta religiosa, cobrando un gran protagonismo el espacio destinado a la festividad del Corpus Christi, solemnidad de especial trascendencia para los cristianos.
El Archivo de la Real Parroquia de Santa Ana de Triana (Sevilla)
Authors: Rodríguez Babío Amparo
Published: April 2024

La importancia de los archivos parroquiales para la historia de la Iglesia queda patente en este estudio dedicado al de la parroquia de Santa Ana de Triana (Sevilla) cuya fundación se remonta al siglo XIII. Tras una definición del término se realiza un breve  recorrido por la legislación eclesiástica relativa a este tema. Seguidamente se analizan las actuales propuestas organizativas para el archivo parroquial, cuya complejidad y problemática se derivan de su idiosincrasia particular. La última parte del estudio se dedica al archivo de la parroquia de Santa Ana, a su devenir histórico y organizativo, mostrando el cuadro de clasificación de fondos resultante de la ordenación actual emprendida en 2001.