bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods and Methodologies in Arts and Cultural Management Research
Authors: Rentschler Ruth , Liu Jiaxin
Published: February 2023

This chapter builds on lacunae in the literature on arts and cultural management research, examining research methods and methodologies. The chapter traces the historical evolution of methods and methodologies in arts and cultural management research. Using legitimacy theory, it first identifies how those methods and methodologies evolved from disciplines that differ ontologically, epistemologically, and methodologically, gaining, maintaining, and sustaining legitimacy over time. The chapter then discusses how methods and methodologies are being legitimized progressively, forming arts and cultural management into a discipline. By providing insight into the tools available for the evolution of arts and cultural management research, a deep, rich understanding of its evolution can be obtained. An evolutionary framework of arts and cultural management methods and methodologies is presented, and future research directions proposed.
Contemporary Findings on Individual Donations and Fundraising Strategies
Authors: Wiggins Jennifer
Published: February 2023

The combination of the Great Recession (2007–2009) and the availability of data on fundraising effectiveness led to a surge of research on individual charitable donation behavior. The goal of this chapter is to conduct a systematic review of the literature on individual donations published after the start of the Great Recession with a focus on identifying best practices for arts organizations. The results reveal five primary research streams: antecedents and drivers of individual donation behavior, social influences on individual donation behavior, crosswise dynamics among revenue sources, transparency and accountability, and optimizing fundraising appeals. Current findings in these five streams suggest that individual donation behavior is a complex, global phenomenon that goes far beyond an individual’s response to a specific fundraising request. Rather, it is influenced by the totality of potential donor interactions with the organization, as well as the influence of donors’ social networks and of the organization’s ecological environment. A contextual approach to understanding individual donation behavior is likely to yield rich understandings of both the decision to donate and the potential repercussions of an arts organization’s fundraising strategy decisions.
Training for Careers in Psychology–Law
Authors: DeMatteo David , Scherr Kyle C.
Published: February 2023

There are numerous indications that the field of psychology–law has grown tremendously over the past few decades. Some of the more prominent indicators include the use of psychology–law research in influential court cases, the law’s recognition that psychologists can serve as expert witnesses on mental health issues, the development of national and international professional organizations devoted to law and psychology/psychiatry, and numerous professional journals devoted to psychology–law topics. This chapter focuses on another indicator of the growth of psychology–law—training for a career in the psychology–law field. After describing the long relationship between the fields of psychology and law, this chapter discusses the varied roles for psychologists in the psychology–law field. Then, the chapter discusses the educational and training opportunities for those interested in psychology–law, including opportunities at the undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral levels.
Of Capital Importance
Authors: Fairfax-Columbo Jaymes , Neeser Bronwyn , Kudatzky Alexandra , DeMatteo David
Published: February 2023

Capital sentencing is the legal process by which homicide offenders are determined to be deserving either of a sentence of life imprisonment or a sentence of death. Due to the severe and irrevocable liberty deprivation that a death sentence represents, the US Supreme Court has gone to great lengths to ensure that death sentences are not levied in arbitrary and capricious fashion. In addition, they have restricted the classes of individuals the death penalty can apply to. This chapter reviews key Supreme Court case law pertaining to capital sentencing as well as highlights several vital factors for forensic mental health professionals to consider in conducting evaluations in accordance with the trial phase of capital sentencing proceedings. Said factors include assessment of mitigating factors for sentencing, assessment of intellectual disability in Atkins evaluations, and assessment of future dangerousness.
Forensic Evaluation in Civil Litigation
Authors: Brovko Julie M. , Foote William E.
Published: February 2023

The Five-Stage Model is an assessment tool that is used for guiding the evaluator in their review of records, their clinical interviews, their psychological testing and testing interpretation, their report writing, and their testimony in evaluations that are conducted in the context of tort and civil rights cases. Although the Five-Stage Model has been detailed at great length in previous work, the purpose of this chapter is to apply this model to personal injury case example. In this chapter, we demonstrate how it can assist the evaluator in producing a comprehensive and coherent opinion that is forensically useful.
Child Custody Evaluations
Authors: Gould Jonathan W. , Mulchay Christopher
Published: February 2023

This chapter describes current research and practice for conducting a child custody assessment. Although not intended as an in-depth discussion of all relevant issues in the arena, this chapter will direct readers to published, peer-reviewed literature, empirical research, professional practice guidelines, and current models that will provide a greater understanding of relevant topics. The chapter includes discussions of bias, best interests standards, procedures for conducting an evaluation, psychological testing, questionnaires, behavioral observations, collateral record review, and interviews. The chapter concludes with current trends in child custody research, which include gatekeeping, relocation, child maltreatment, resist/refusal dynamics, domestic violence, attachment, and parenting plans.
Forensic Mental Health Assessment in Immigration Court
Authors: Barber-Rioja Virginia , Garcia-Mansilla Alexandra
Published: February 2023

Under US immigration law, individuals without valid immigration legal status and legal permanent residents convicted of certain crimes can face removal proceedings (i.e., deportation) and be detained. Immigration Court (IC) is civil in nature and therefore respondents (i.e., immigrants in deportation proceedings) have limited constitutional protections (e.g., right to counsel) despite the severe penalties imposed (e.g., detention and deportation). Many of the legal issues involved in IC decisions include mental health concepts (e.g., fear of persecution, mental abuse, credibility, competency for self-representation, and dangerousness). Forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) in IC proceedings requires specialized knowledge of immigration law, forensic and cross-cultural assessment, and psychological impact of trauma. Despite the crucial role of psychological evaluations in this context, FMHA in IC proceedings has received little attention. This chapter provides an overview of the legal context of immigration law, the psycholegal issues involved in immigration-related FMHA, and recommendations for best practices and future research.
Neuropsychological Considerations in Forensic Mental Health Assessment
Authors: LaDuke Casey , Tussey Chriscelyn M. , Marcopulos Bernice A. , Bender Scott D. , Arredondo Beth C.
Published: February 2023

Neuropsychological considerations can arise in any forensic mental health assessment (FMHA), and all practitioners engaging in FMHA will therefore benefit from being able to recognize and respond to neuropsychological issues in their practice. The first section of this chapter focuses on relevance, including a discussion of how to recognize neuropsychological consideration in forensic referrals; a summary of the most relevant neuropsychological considerations of a clinical, practical, and legal nature within FMHA; and review of some of the most common brain-based disorders encountered in contemporary forensic practice. The second section focuses on competence, including an introduction to general and specialty competencies in neuropsychology, and a further discussion of selected practical concerns in the field. The chapter concludes with guidance on responding to neuropsychological considerations in forensic cases, and introduces a decision-making model to help forensic practitioners consider whether independent evaluation, consultation, or referral is the most effective response in these cases.
How Reliable and Objective are Forensic Mental Health Evaluators?
Authors: Murrie Daniel C. , Boccaccini Marcus T.
Published: February 2023

Are forensic mental health evaluators reliable with one another? Can they remain objective when retained by one side in adversarial legal proceedings? Emerging research suggests reliability is strongest when answering well-defined questions such as adjudicative competence, but weaker on more inferential questions such as sanity or risk. Studies of assessment instruments as applied in the field reveal poorer reliability than typically reported in formal research studies or instrument manuals, particularly for instruments that require more subjectivity. Studies that examine evaluator patterns of findings across cases reveal meaningful differences in how often evaluators offer certain forensic opinions and how they score instruments. Finally, field studies and a rigorous experiment align to suggest adversarial allegiance—a form of bias toward the retaining party—may influence forensic evaluators. Though the field has made progress in identifying these sources of unreliability, there remains the more challenging task of minimizing their effect in forensic practice.
Managerial Justice, Community Supervision, and Treatment Mandates
Authors: Mackey Benjamin J. , Lee JoAnn , Appleton C. J. , Skidmore Sarah , Taxman Faye S.
Published: February 2023

Probation and parole comprise the largest arm of the US criminal legal system, supervising nearly 4.4 million individuals, or more than twice the number incarcerated in prisons and jails. Individuals under community supervision must comply with numerous requirements to remain in good standing with the legal system. Failure to comply with requirements such as drug, alcohol, and psychosocial treatment mandates can result in sanctions and/or incarceration, creating a revolving door whereby individuals circulate between community supervision, carceral facilities, and their respective systems of formal social control. This chapter frames the revolving door of community supervision as part of an emergent form of penality termed “managerial supervision.” The chapter details how changing social and economic conditions in the latter half of the twentieth century facilitated the rise of managerial supervision, and how it manifests in modern supervision systems at macro- and microlevels through treatment mandates. Used as a means to test an individual’s compliance and governability, treatment mandates imposed under managerial supervision not only frequently depart from evidence-based principles but can expose individuals to more opportunities to incur a sanction or term of incarceration. After describing these iatrogenic consequences of treatment under managerial supervision, the chapter concludes with recommendations for future research and evidence-based practice.
Rehabilitative Justice
Authors: Arnold Shelby , Thornewill Alice , Heilbrun Kirk , DeMatteo David
Published: February 2023

This chapter reviews the context, history, and development of problem-solving courts. We describe common components, the Risk-Needs-Responsivity model and clinical interventions, the range of courts and their unique focus, along with the strengths and limitations of the problem-solving court model. We then review the research base for key types of problem-solving courts (e.g., drug courts and mental health courts), with a focus on meta-analytic research whenever possible and a discussion of methodological challenges and limitations of the literature. The chapter also highlights the ethical and legal considerations for problem-solving courts and outlines areas for future research and development.
The Emerging Investigative Practice of Tele-Forensic Interviewing
Authors: Dickinson Jason J. , Lytle Nicole E. , Poole Debra Ann
Published: February 2023

Safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the release of provisional guidelines for interviewing child witnesses via videoconference applications, and some interview centers became early demonstration sites for tele-forensic interviewing (tele-FI). This chapter discusses four cornerstones that underlie emerging support for tele-FI: investigative challenges predating the pandemic, increased access to and familiarity with digital media, encouraging results from studies that compared children’s performance across face-to-face and tele-FI modes, and the legal defensibility of tele-FI. The future of tele-FI will depend on results from future studies that evaluate children’s and interviewers’ reactions to tele-FI in the field, how tele-FI influences perceptions of child witness credibility and case trajectories, and the impact of tele-FI on the well-being of children, families, and communities served by the practice.
Interviewing Cooperative Forensic Witnesses and Mediation
Authors: Goldfarb Deborah , Fisher Ronald P.
Published: February 2023

Although recent work has expanded research on empirically informed forensic interviewing techniques outside the criminal context, no work that we are aware of has considered potential synergies for this research within the realm of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). The current chapter addresses the relation between forensic interviewing and ADR, and more specifically how techniques developed to interview forensic witnesses might be adapted for mediation. In so doing, we first review the research on mediation and forensic interviewing. Next we compare and contrast the two contexts on both psychological and legal dimensions. Finally, we examine areas of potential growth and future directions. By bringing together the work on potential synergies between the two realms, we hope to inspire others to expand further this nascent area of research.
Emerging Policy Issues Related to Sexual Violence in Higher Education
Authors: Cipriano Allison E. , Holland Kathryn J.
Published: February 2023

In this chapter, we review two emerging policy issues regarding sexual misconduct in institutions of higher education: investigation and adjudication procedures and mandatory reporting policies. First, we review key policymaking regarding sexual misconduct investigation and adjudication, contextualizing policymaking on sexual misconduct in higher education within its historical, sociopolitical background. We then discuss a current and controversial issue in investigation and adjudication procedures—due process and the use of live hearings with direct cross-examination. Second, we provide an overview of mandatory reporting policies for sexual misconduct, reviewing federal guidance and state legislation that have shaped these policies and discuss the important issue of survivor autonomy and control in reporting decisions. Finally, we discuss recommendations for policy reforms and future research on these two policy issues regarding sexual misconduct in higher education.
Preventive Justice
Authors: Slobogin Christopher
Published: February 2023

Preventive justice is an approach to criminal conduct aimed primarily at individual prevention rather than deterrence of the general population or ensuring that offenders receive their just desert. Preventive justice fits more comfortably than either deterrence- or retribution-driven regimes with a psychological approach to criminal justice that assumes that behavior is heavily influenced by biology and the environment and that antisocial tendencies can be reduced through appropriate interventions. It relies heavily on empirical assessments of recidivism risk and intervention needs and deemphasizes the goal of calibrating sanctions to the culpability of offenders. After describing preventive justice in skeletal form, this chapter explains why the present moment might be a propitious time to reconsider this approach as an alternative to our current system of criminal justice. It then explores a number of preventive justice-related topics that psychological researchers could investigate.
Why Seeing the Big Picture in the Study of Public Safety Is Necessary for Combatting Racism within It
Authors: Prowse Gwen , Goff Phillip Atiba
Published: February 2023

Quantitative social science has primarily studied policing in general and racial disparities in policing specifically by focusing on micro- and mesolevel phenomena rather than engaging macrolevel phenomena. Policy recommendations informed by quantitative social science therefore end up focused on reforming what are framed as patterns of errors rather than on the broader systems that produce the conditions for these interactions. The current approach places quantitative social science out of step with contemporary debates about public safety, including when and whether to deploy police at all. This chapter examines why quantitative social science has thus far missed the big picture, the consequences, and what integrating macrolevel approaches in our research might look like.
Emotion and Legal Judgment
Authors: Peter-Hagene Liana C. , Bean Samantha , Salerno Jessica M.
Published: February 2023

When trials include emotionally evocative evidence such as gruesome photographs and victim impact statements, maintaining the balance between probative value and prejudicial effects can be difficult. Such evidence can rouse jurors’ anger, disgust, outrage, or empathy. In turn, experienced emotions can, directly or indirectly, within or outside awareness, motivate decision makers to blame, punish, or forgive. These psychological processes can bias guilt or liability verdicts, where visceral reactions influence how jurors interpret facts or even motivate them to bypass careful consideration of these facts. Further, emotional displays from defendants (e.g., remorse) and victims (e.g., distress) influence judgments of credibility and legal decisions via cognitive (expectancy violation) or emotional (empathy) processes. The chapter describes the most recent scientific research on these topics, integrating work from social, cognitive, and legal psychology. The chapter concludes with recommendations for future research on emotion and prejudice, group processes, and emotion regulation in legal settings.
A Framework for Forensic Mental Health Assessments
Authors: Heilbrun Kirk , Rizzo Madelena , Wiltsie Kellie , Zapotocky Heidi
Published: February 2023

This chapter describes foundational principles of forensic mental health assessment (FMHA) that have been developed and revised to describe aspects of FMHA that apply to a various kinds of FMHA. Principles are further described as they apply in two contexts: in general, and in a sequence associated with a specific case (preparation, data collection, data interpretation, communication, and testimony). The chapter also distinguishes between standard of care and standard of practice as each applies to legal decision-making and addresses how these FMHA principles might apply to each standard. In highlighting the broader questions of science, ethics, and practice that apply in legal contexts, we hope that both the maturation of FMHA as well as the remaining gaps will become clearer. It is important to pursue continuous improvement in the legal relevance, scientific foundations, ethics specificity, and practice guidance in FMHA.
Central America
Authors: Villagrán Sandoval Carlos Arturo
Published: February 2023

This chapter shows the different and unique story of Central America’s interaction with international law. This region is usually neglected by scholarship, even from other Latin American scholars. Yet, the subregion has witnessed a close interaction between geopolitics, domestic, and international law. In fact, it has served as a privileged vantage point for debates around non-intervention, uti possidetis, recognition of governments, inter alia. Therefore, this chapter shows that, in contrast to Mexico and South America, foreign intervention in domestic affairs has a long story in the subregion’s state-building efforts. In fact, a central trait that still lingers in the region is the widespread use of anti-corruption missions. These sort of arrangements, however, have also been prone to abuse—as can be seen clearly in the context of Cold War interventions. Nonetheless, they offer a pioneering example of early mechanisms for international dispute settlement.
Property, Territory, and Jurisdiction in Colonial Ibero-America
Authors: Herzog Tamar
Published: February 2023

This chapter seeks to problematize the assertion that international law is the product of empire. It briefly surveys European theories regarding property, territory, and jurisdiction, inquires on their implementation in colonial domains, ponders on the relations between what transpired on each side of the ocean, and asks whether these developments contributed to the formation of international law. Contemporary scholars sometimes suggest that international law is both Eurocentric and the product of empire. According to this portrait, this law might have germinated before Europeans began their colonial expansion, but it came of age during (and to a large degree, because of) colonialism.
Which Factors for Corporate Bond Returns?
Authors: Dang Thuy Duong , Hollstein Fabian , Prokopczuk Marcel
Published: February 2023

Factors related to carry, duration, equity momentum, and the term structure are the most important risk factors in corporate bond markets. From a large set of factor candidates, we condense an optimal model with a two-step approach. First, we filter out factors that do not systematically move bond prices. Second, we use a Bayesian model selection approach to determine the optimal, parsimonious model. Many prominent factors do not move prices or are redundant. We document the new model’s good performance compared to that of existing models in time-series and cross-sectional tests and analyze the economic drivers of the factors.
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Addington Jean , Chao Amanda , Braun Amy , Miller Madeline , Farris Megan S
Published: February 2023

A key issue in both research and clinical work with youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis is that there are clearly heterogenous clinical outcomes in addition to the development of psychosis. Thus, it is important to capture the psychopathologic outcomes of the CHR group and develop a core outcomes assessment set that may help in dissecting the heterogeneity and aid progress toward new treatments. In assessing psychopathology and often poor social and role functioning, we may be missing the important perspectives of the CHR individuals themselves. It is important to consider the perspectives of youth at CHR by using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This systematic review of PROMs in CHR was conducted based on a comprehensive search of several databases and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixty-four publications were included in the review examining PROMs for symptoms, functioning, quality of life, self-perceptions, stress, and resilience. Typically, PROMs were not the primary focus of the studies reviewed. The PROMs summarized here fit with results published elsewhere in the literature based on interviewer measures. However, very few of the measures used were validated for CHR or for youth. There are several recommendations for determining a core set of PROMs for use with CHR.
Coagulation management and transfusion in massive postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Massoth Christina , Wenk Manuel , Meybohm Patrick , Kranke Peter
Published: February 2023

Purpose of Review

Excessive bleeding during and following childbirth remains one of the leading causes of maternal mortality.

Recent findings

Current guidelines differ in definitions and recommendations on managing transfusion and hemostasis in massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Insights gained from trauma-induced coagulopathy are not directly transferable to the obstetric population due to gestational alterations and a differing pathophysiology.

Factor deficiency is uncommon at the beginning of most etiologies of PPH but will eventually develop from consumption and depletion in the absence of bleeding control. The sensitivity of point-of-care tests for fibrinolysis is too low and may delay treatment, therefore tranexamic acid should be started early at diagnosis even without signs for hyperfibrinolysis. Transfusion management may be initiated empirically, but is best to be guided by laboratory and viscoelastic assay results as soon as possible. Hypofibrinogenemia is well detected by point-of-care tests, thus substitution may be tailored to individual needs, while reliable thresholds for fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and specific components are yet to be defined. In case of factor deficiency, prothrombin complex concentrate or lyophilized plasma allow for a more rapid restoration of coagulation than FFP. If bleeding and hemostasis are under control, a timely anticoagulation may be necessary.
Intravenous Dabigatran Provides Adequate Anticoagulation for Cardiopulmonary Bypass Using a Rabbit Model
Authors: Nadtochiy Sergiy M. , Stefanos Tatsiana , Angona Ronald E. , Darrow Nathan , Jones C.C.P., Karen , Feng Changyong , Algahim Mohamed , LeMoine Dana , Westcott Robin , Anderson Brian , Swartz Michael F. , Eaton Michael P.
Published: February 2023

Background

Heparin anticoagulation has been used successfully for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, an alternative anticoagulant approach is desirable due to the cases of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Dabigatran provides anticoagulation for an in vitro model of simulated CPB. The current analysis tests the hypothesis that dabigatran provides sufficient anticoagulation for CPB in intact rabbits.

Methods

Nonlinear mixed effects models were used to estimate dabigatran parameters for a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model in 10 New Zealand White rabbits. A dabigatran infusion designed to maintain a plasma concentration of 90 µg/ml was run throughout CPB based on the pharmacokinetics. Animals were subjected to sternotomy and anticoagulated with IV dabigatran (six animals) or heparin (four animals). Rabbits were cannulated centrally using the right atrium and ascending aorta and CPB was maintained for 120 min. Measurement of activated clotting time, thromboelastometric reaction time, and blood gases were performed during CPB. Then, the animals were euthanized, and the brain and one kidney were removed for histology. Sections of the arterial filters were inspected using electron microscopy.

Results

The observed dabigatran concentrations during CPB were greater than the target concentration, ranging from 137 ± 40 μg/ml at 5 min of CPB to 428 ± 150 μg/ml at 60 min, and 295 ± 35 μg/ml at 120 min. All rabbits completed 2 h of CPB without visible thrombosis. In the two groups, reaction time values were elevated, reaching 10,262 ± 4,198 s (dabigatran group) and 354 ± 141 s (heparin group) at 120 min of CPB. Brains and kidneys showed no evidence of thrombosis or ultrastructural damage. Sections of the arterial line filter showed minimal or no fibrin. There was no significant difference in outcomes between dabigatran- and heparin-treated animals.

Conclusions

In this first-use, proof-of-concept study, the authors have shown that dabigatran provides acceptable anticoagulation similar to heparin to prevent thrombosis using a rabbit CPB model.

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New
Community-Based Health Interventions Are Critical for Peace Building in the Worsening Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
Authors: Goldfield Norbert
Published: February 2023

Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian Territories (oPT) continue to expand and there is little communication between the 2 sides. Countries not directly engaged in the conflict are uninterested in a dignified solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This article argues that international organizations, donors, and third states should encourage the following peace-building approaches when considering health care initiatives in this conflict. The first is community oriented lay-led initiatives which should improve health outcomes, enhance the ability of Palestinians to develop resilience and promote peace-building between Israelis and Palestinians. Secondly, this strengthening can, in the absence of the impact of international advocacy for a dignified solution to this long-standing conflict, lead to locally driven peace-building while measurably improving health.
A Call to Action to Address the Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Larson Celia , Mukolo Abraham , Buck Tracy , Lollis KaShawna , Black Melva
Published: February 2023

Rapid growth in metropolitan areas is associated with urban development and revitalization. However, neighborhood gentrification has negatively affected low income and communities of color by displacement and compounding structural and systemic inequities. Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, and immigrants/refugee communities are burdened with negative health outcomes from adverse circumstances illustrated by disparities in the social determinants of health and health indicators, that is, chronic disease and COVID-19. To remediate the situation and restore health, the multisector response needs to be reframed and emphasize systemic, integrated, and aligned efforts. These include policy, systems and environmental change approaches, community involvement, improvement of data systems, and workforce development.
Phase III Randomized Non-Inferiority Study of OSS Versus PEG + Electrolyte Colonoscopy Preparation in Adolescents
Authors: Socha Piotr , Posovszky Carsten , Szychta Monika , Viscogliosi Federica , Martemucci Luigi , Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk Urszula , Perrot Valerie , Kornowski Anne , Benninga Marc A. ,   on behalf of the EASYKID Study Group
Published: February 2023

Objectives:

Many protocols and preparations are used for bowel cleansing before pediatric colonoscopy but few are based on scientific evidence. We evaluated efficacy, safety, tolerability, and patient preference of oral sulfate solution (OSS) at 75% of the adult dose versus polyethylene glycol (PEG)-electrolyte solution in adolescents presenting for diagnostic colonoscopy.

Methods:

Phase III, randomized, evaluator-blinded, non-inferiority study of OSS and PEG in adolescents aged 12–17 years. OSS and PEG were administered in 2 doses on the day before colonoscopy. Primary endpoint included proportion of patients with successful overall preparation (4-point scale). Secondary endpoints included overall and segmental bowel cleansing (Boston Bowel Preparation Scale; BBPS), completed colonoscopies, duration of examination, time to cecal intubation, proportion of nasogastric tubes (NGTs), adverse events (AEs) and acceptability.

Results:

Successful cleansing was achieved in 71.4% and 79.0% of patients receiving OSS and PEG, respectively [adjusted difference −7.61 (95% confidence interval, CI, −18.45 to 3.24); P = 0.0907]. Segmental BBPS score for the left and transverse colon were similar between treatment groups, but better for the right colon with PEG than OSS [2.2 (95% CI, 2.0–2.4) and 1.9 (95% CI, 1.7–2.1), respectively; P = 0.0015]. Significantly fewer OSS patients needed NGT placement to ingest the whole solution [9/125 (7.2%)] than PEG patients [36/116 (31.0%); P < 0.0001]. Treatment acceptability was significantly higher with OSS than PEG (P < 0.0001). Duration of examination, completed colonoscopies, and time to cecal intubation were similar between preparations. Gastrointestinal AEs including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and distension were similar in both groups but more patients receiving PEG had AEs assessed as incapacitating.

Conclusions:

Non-inferiority of OSS to PEG was not demonstrated, but OSS was associated with a lower requirement for NGT, better acceptability, and less frequent severe AEs than with PEG.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuropathologic Change and Vitamin Supplement Use Decades Earlier
Authors: Paganini-Hill Annlia , Bukhari Syed , Montine Thomas J. , Corrada Maria M. , Kawas Claudia H.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. AD neuropathologic change (ADNC) likely begins decades before clinical manifestations. One mechanism implicated in AD is oxidative stress. We explored the potential association of ADNC with antioxidant vitamin supplements taken about 30 years before death.

Methods:

The 264 brain-autopsied participants were part of The 90+ Study, a longitudinal study of aging among people aged 90+ years, and originally members of the Leisure World Cohort Study, a population-based health study established in the 1980s. Intake of supplemental vitamins A, C, and E was collected by the Leisure World Cohort Study about 30 years before ADNC assessment. Odds ratios of ADNC (intermediate/high vs. none/low) for vitamin intake were estimated using logistic regression.

Results:

The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of ADNC was 0.52 (0.29-0.92) for vitamin E supplements and 0.51 (0.27-0.93) for vitamin C supplements. Supplemental vitamin E intake was the first variable, after education, to enter the stepwise model. Intake of vitamin A or C did not improve the model fit.

Conclusions:

The observed association of ADNC and supplemental vitamin E intake decades earlier suggests a beneficial effect and supports further investigation into a nutritional approach to preventing AD with vitamin supplementation.
Microglial function moderates the relation between depression risk factors and depression outcomes across the life course in females
Authors: Fitzgerald Eamon , Pokhvisneva Irina , Patel Sachin , Chan Shi Yu , Tan Ai Peng , Chen Helen , Silveira Patricia Pelufo , Meaney Michael J
Published: February 2023

Background

Depression has an enormous socio-economic burden and is twice as common in women compared to men. Microglia are exceptionally responsive to environmental stimuli and their phenotype differs substantially by sex. We hypothesized microglial function would moderate the relation between depression risk factors and depressive outcomes in a sex-specific manner.

Methods

We used expression quantitative trait loci and single nucleus RNA-sequencing resources to generate polygenic scores (PGS) representative of individual variation in microglial function in the fetal (GUSTO; N=239-315, and ALSPAC; N=928-1461) and adult periods (UK Biobank; N=54753-72682). We stratified our analyses by sex and tested the interaction effects of these PGS with prenatal maternal depression symptoms and adult stressors, well-characterized depression risk factors. We used internalizing (early childhood) or depressive symptoms (late childhood and adulthood) as outcomes.

Results

The fetal microglia PGS moderated the association between maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and female offspring internalizing symptoms at 4 (GUSTO; beta=-0.25, 95%CI -0.44 to - 0.06, P=0.008) and 7 years (GUSTO; beta=-0.16, 95%CI -0.318 to -0.008, P=0.04), and depressive symptoms at 8.5-10 years (GUSTO; beta = -0.15, 95%CI = -0.25 to -0.03, P= 0.01) and 24 years (ALSPAC; beta=0.1, 95%CI 0.008 to 0.19, P=0.03). The adult microglial PGS moderated the relation between BMI (UK Biobank; beta=0.001, 95%CI 0.0009 to 0.003, P=7.74E-6) and financial insecurity (UK Biobank; beta=0.001, 95%CI 0.005 to 0.015, P=2E-4) with depressive symptoms in females. There were no significant interactions in males.

Conclusion

Our results illustrate an important role for microglial function in the conferral of sex-dependent depression risk.
Estimation of uncertainty in Loa loa microfilarial load by microscopy
Authors: Akpo Talagbé Gabin
Published: February 2023

For determine the uncertainty of reading and measurement, as well as the Pari intervals of microfilarial load or microfilaremia (mf) per millimeter of Loa loa performed by microscopy. It is important to consider the uncertainty in the measurement or reading of the Loa Loa microfilarial load for the administration of ivermectin.

We review existing methods for calculating the uncertainty in the measurement of a particular quantity, with emphasis on the one proposed in GUM. The data used here come from research conducted by CRFilMT in Ebolowa and Mbalmayo in 2007 and 2010, respectively, and in the Okola health district in Cameroon in 2015. The data consist of several measurements or readings of Loa loa load on each sampled individual. The application of the GUM method to our data was done using a 2-level hierarchical model.

We estimated the uncertainty and sources of variation in the measurements and readings of Loa loa microfilarial load, and provided 95% intervals for the true values (8,000 mf/mL and 30,000 mf/mL), of this load for each individual. For reading, the reading uncertainty is 3.84 with a Pari interval of [6, 723.15, 11, 264] of the 8,000 mf/mL microfilar charge and 7.45 with a Pari interval of [26, 819.55, 35, 152.09] of the 30,000 mf/mL microfilar charge. For the measurement, the reading uncertainty is 20.93 with a Pari interval of [7, 647.32, 8, 216.26] of the 8,000 mf/mL microfilar charge and 40.53 with a Pari interval of [26, 819.55, 35, 152.09] of the 30,000 mf/mL microfilar charge.
Effect of continuous anesthetic wound infusion on postoperative activity in patients who underwent midline laparotomy for gynecological diseases
Authors: Kim Min Kyung , Kim Kidong , Park Youngmi , Suh Dong Hoon , No Jae Hong , Kim Yong Beom
Published: February 2023

Objective

This study aimed to assess whether continuous anesthetic wound infusion (CAWI) increases postoperative activity in patients who undergo midline laparotomy for gynecological diseases.

Methods

This was an unplanned secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial examining the effect of an activity tracker with feedback on postoperative activity in patients who underwent midline laparotomy for gynecological diseases (NCT02025387). Of the 53 patients included in the trial (12 patients used CAWI and 41 patients did not), 11 patients with CAWI (case group) and 11 without CAWI (control group) were selected by matching the duration of surgery. We compared the postoperative activity and other endpoints between the case and control groups.

Results

The case and control groups had similar baseline and surgical characteristics. The recovery rate on postoperative day 4 (step counts at day 4/ daily step counts at preoperative baseline) of the case group was numerically higher, but not significantly different from that of the control group (58% vs. 44%; p=0.450). Least, average and present pain on postoperative day 2 were lower in the case group than in the control group. Pain on postoperative day 5, fatigue, gas out, soft blend diet initiation, ileus, and length of hospital stay were similar between the case and control groups.

Conclusions

In this exploratory analysis, CAWI was not associated with increased postoperative activity in patients who underwent midline laparotomy for gynecological diseases.
A biosensor encompassing fusarinine C-magnetic nanoparticles and aptamer-red/green carbon dots for dual-channel fluorescent and RGB discrimination ofCampylobacterandAliarcobacter
Authors: Liu Weixing , Chi Zhe
Published: February 2023

The diarrhea pathogensCampylobacterandAliarcobacterare similar in morphology and their resulting symptoms, making them difficult to be differentially diagnosed. Herein, we report a biosensor with two newly-synthesized modules to differentiate the genera-representative species ofC. jejuniandA. butzleri. Module 1 was fusarinine C-decorated magnetic nanoparticles; module 2 consisted ofC. jejuni-specific aptamer modified with red-emitting carbon dots (CDs) andA. butzleri-specific aptamer-modified green-emitting CDs. These two CDs had non-interfering spectra. Module 1 was used to selectively captureC. jejuniandA. butzlerifrom an un-cultured sample, and the specific CDs in module 2 would then recognize and bind to their counterpart bacteria when subjected to the collected module 1-bacteria complex. By measuring the fluorescence intensities from each CDs, the existence and abundance of each bacterium could be differentially indicated. This biosensor exhibited a wide detection range of up to 1 × 107CFU/mL and the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 1 CFU/mL, for each bacterium. Thus, the biosensor with dual-fluorescent channels facilitated a culture-independent, ultrasensitive and discriminative detection ofC. jejuniandA. butzleri. Remarkably, this fluorescent detection could be transformed into RGB color indication to render the visual discrimination. After integrating the microfluidics, this biosensor offered RGB differentiation of the two bacteria in human stool or chicken broilers with a LOD of 5 CFU/mL and turnaround time of 65 min. This work suggested a new biosensor-based methodology for the discrimination ofCampylobacterandAliarcobacterin real samples.
Do you judge a book by its cover? Online book purchases between Japan and France
Authors: Park Jin Yong , Kim Changju , Park Soohyun , Dio Kevin
Published: February 2023

Purpose

By adopting a cross-country analysis, this study aims to investigate how consumers' perception of book covers affects their online book purchases in terms of feelings of delight and perceived value of the book.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors tested the hypotheses using a structural equation model using two countries' datasets obtained from 191 Japanese and 207 French consumers.

Findings

The perceived attractiveness of a picture/photo on a book cover can positively influence feelings of delight. Such emotion enhances a book's perceived value, resulting in active online book purchases. Furthermore, when the perceived value of a book is evident, the French are more strongly motivated to purchase books compared to Japanese consumers.

Originality/value

By simultaneously examining emotion and perceived value as an organism, the authors advance the knowledge of the relationship between book covers and online book purchases. In addition, the authors offer evidence that cross-cultural differences (between the French and Japanese) can stimulate different responses to each affective and cognitive internal state, although similar environmental stimuli are provided.
The impact of immigration on urban housing prices in Indonesia
Authors: Nurkhayati Farida , Fitrady Ardyanto
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Rural–urban migration has led to an increase in the community’s need for housing in the migration area. The demand for housing is getting higher while the land availability does not increase so that house prices will continue to increase. This study aims to estimate the impact of immigration on urban housing prices in Indonesia.

Design/methodology/approach

This study examines the effect of immigration on urban housing prices at the city level in Indonesia by using 14 major cities data from 2012 to 2020 to build a panel data model. The model also incorporates urban economic conditions as control variables.

Findings

From the national level, the authors find that inter-regional migration has a significant and positive impact on urban housing prices. Based on the results, this paper suggested addressing the volatility of house prices through the provision of decent and affordable housing improvement to meet the growing needs and demands of the immigrant population.

Research limitations/implications

This study still has several limitations: the sample of cities used is not comprehensive enough, and the time period used is not long enough; the spatial impact on house prices is not taken into account, and the effect of migrant characteristics in each city has not been considered.

Originality/value

There is limited research on the impact of immigration on urban housing prices in city levels, especially in the case of Indonesia. In addition, recent migration is used to proxy the immigration pattern. This paper provides a valuable contribution to the empirical literature on the effect of immigration at the city level in developing countries.
Evaluation of the area subscore of the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index using an attention U‐net deep learning algorithm
Authors: Paik Kyungho , Kim Bo Ri , Youn Sang Woong
Published: February 2023

Palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is a variant of pustular psoriasis involving the palms and soles. The severity of PPP is usually evaluated using the Palmoplantar Pustulosis Area and Severity Index (PPPASI). Among the components of the PPPASI, the area of the involved lesion is evaluated differently by raters, who generally make a rough estimate using the eye and not through a specific calculation. To overcome inconsistent evaluation of the area subscore of PPPASI by human raters, we developed and validated deep‐learning‐based algorithms to enable automated and reliable assessment of the area involved in PPP to provide clinical advantages. In this study, we developed a dataset of 611 images of the palms and soles of 153 patients with PPP. We evaluated the area of the lesion by dividing the number of pixels in the area involved in PPP by the number of pixels in the area of the palms or soles. Using attention U‐net, we developed two convolutional neural network (CNN) models that can evaluate the percentage of the affected area (%) and subsequently assign a score ranging from 0 to 6. The area subscore of PPPASI evaluated by the deep‐learning algorithm was same or differed by 1‐point from the subscore of ground truth in 98.8% of the images. The intraclass correlation coefficient between the CNN and ground truth was 0.879, indicating good agreement. The accuracy and mean absolute error of the model were 66.7% and 0.344, respectively. In a Bland–Altman plot, most of the differences in the percentage of the affected area lay between the 95% confidence interval with a mean difference of 0 and a standard deviation of 0.2. The deep‐learning algorithm can provide several clinical advantages by objectively evaluating the components of the PPPASI without concern for disagreement between clinicians. The algorithms further enable cumulative clinical data acquisition related to PPP severity.
Out of Sync in Havana: Two Socialist Visions of Global Contemporary Art
Authors: Lee Sohl
Published: February 2023

On 1 November 1989, when the third edition of la Bienal de la Habana opened its doors, the show included ink paintings from North Korea called chosŏnhwa (literally ‘Korean paintings’). By that time, the Korean–Cuban friendship had lasted for more than three decades, following its formation after the 1959 Cuban Revolution, and based on the principle of Third World solidarity. But this encounter in 1989 illustrates that their contemporary art was out of sync with one another. The Korean presentation contrasted with the more installation‐oriented, inter‐media works submitted by Cuban artists who were part of the ‘New Cuban art’ wave. As an archeological study on these two starkly different visions of ‘contemporary art’, this essay sustains a bifurcated view onto Pyongyang and Havana as a method with which to reassess the culture of Third World politics and post‐coloniality at the Cold War's end, and to propose a translocational, South‐to‐South method of art history.