bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERGELARAN WAYANG KRUCIL SELOPURO STRUKTUR KUASA ISLAM JAWA DALAM RITUAL NYADRAN
Authors: Irawanto Rudi
Published: December 2019

Nyadran is an annual event in the village of Selopuro, Pitu District, Ngawi Regency, East Java. This event was held on every 10th Besar or 10 Dzulhijah which contained the salvation and performance of the krucil puppet. Activities in Nyadran and the performance of wayang krucil indicate the process of acculturation between authentic beliefs and Islamic spirituality. The acculturative process appears in the conscious prayer read out by the puppeteer and also in the puppet performance ritual. Prayers delivered at the slametan ritual and at the pre show influence the concept of pantheism, or the concept of manunggaling kawulo gusti. The concept of manuggaling kawulo gusti is one of the core of Javanese Islamic teachings.
THE EFFECT OF USING CONTEXTUAL REDEFINITION STRATEGY ON STUDENTS� READING NARRATIVE TEXT OF ELEVENTH GRADE AT SMA N 8 MEDAN
Authors: Simanjuntak Yohana M , Tampubolon Sahlan , Silitonga Harpen , Sipayung Kammer Tuahman
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to see the result of students�s achievement in reading narrative text with applyaing Contextual Redefinition Strategy. The population of the study was the elevent grade students of SMA N 8 Medan on 2019/2020 with the total number is 180 students. Two classes were taken as the sample they were IX IPA 4 and IX IPA 5. The experimental group was taught by using Contextual Redefinition while the control group (IX IPA 5) was taught by using conventional method. The instrument of collecting data was multiple choice test. The data were analyzed by using t-test. Based on the data, it was found that the students� score improved from pre-test and post-test in experimental class. The result shoe that t-observed is higher that t-table value (2.9> 1.671) at the level significance 0,05 and the degree of freedom is 58. Therefore, it can be concluded that the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected and alternative hypothesis (Ha) ia accepted. Based on the research result, there is a significant effect of using Contextual redefinition strategy in eading Narrative test of Eleventh Grade Students� at SMA N 8 Medan.
Microbiology in the sugar industries
Authors: Wright Maureen
Published: December 2019

The environment of a sugar factory is conducive to the propagation of microbes that are introduced with the harvested crop. Further introductions are made from the machinery surfaces and water during processing. Each microbe type has a preferred range of temperature and water activity, so a factory may have different populations in different areas. It is important to detect microbial presence so appropriate control measures can be taken, and to conserve expenses when treatment is not needed. The most ideal detection methods in a factory will yield accurate results quickly and inexpensively. A mannitol detection method has been developed for the sugarcane industry, and subsequently applied to sweet sorghum and sugar beet. Conversion of sugar crop byproducts, such as bagasse, are a potential new value stream. An analysis was conducted to determine whether environmental conditions and the presence of microbes in bagasse affects the chemical composition, and subsequent application for novel uses. Fuel value was found to be negatively affected when bagasse was left uncovered and exposed to sun and rain. The fuel characteristics were maintained. Bagasse was also successfully pelletized and converted to biochar for stable storage and transport.
New approaches for the determination of dextran in the sugar production process
Authors: Abraham Karin , Flöter Eckhard
Published: December 2019

The presence of polysaccharides in cane and beet raw juices causes several negative effects during the sugar manufacture. These are usually mitigated by enzymatic decomposition of dextrans. Such effects not only depend on the content, but also on the molecular mass distribution. This means that the different dextran fractions specifically affect the process. An accurate process control hence requires the most precise knowledge about the existing content and the molecular mass distribution present. A detailed understanding of the specific processing problems and also a targeted enzyme application hence requires the determination of a total dextran content and also its characterization including the differentiation between the different dextran fractions. An accurate analytical tool which equally satisfies industrial applicability is still lacking. To improve on this situation, two new approaches for the determination of dextran were developed and benchmarked against the commonly used and established Haze Method, which is rather inaccurate and also sensitive to molecular mass variation. The two new approaches are both based on polarimetry. These two methods indicate to be superior over the Haze Method with respect two molecular mass variation and hence enable the determination of a broader molecular size range including also low molecular mass dextrans.
Herbizideinsatz im Zuckerrübenanbau in Deutschland und damit verbundene Umweltrisiken
Authors: Nause Nelia , Strassemeyer Jörn , Stockfisch Nicol
Published: December 2019

Im Zuckerrübenbau kommt der Unkrautbekämpfung eine große Rolle für die Ertragssicherung zu. Das Spektrum der zur Verfügung stehenden herbiziden Wirkstoffe ist seit Jahrzehnten fast unverändert. In dieser Studie wurden die praxisüblichen Herbizidstrategien anhand von Daten aus einer 2010–2015 jährlich durchgeführten Betriebsbefragung abgeleitet. Es sind nur wenige Wirkstoffe, die die Grundlage der praxisüblichen Herbizidstrategien bilden. Diese werden nahezu flächendeckend angewendet. Die Intensität des Pflanzenschutzes wird nur in geringem Umfang von betrieblichen Rahmenbedingungen wie Betriebs- oder Schlaggröße bestimmt. Auch bei sachgerechter Anwendung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln kann es unter ungünstigen Bedingungen zu Umweltrisiken kommen, die im Rahmen des Zulassungsprozesses nicht abschätzbar sind. Um möglichst vielfältige Umwelt-bedingungen und praxisübliche Applikationsmuster berücksichtigen zu können, wurden in der Studie aquatische und terrestrische Umweltrisiken anhand der Befragungsdaten mit dem Modell SYNOPS-GIS simuliert. In über 95% der Fälle lagen die Risikowerte im tolerablen Bereich. Dies zeigt, dass die derzeit angewandten Herbizidstrategien insgesamt als risikoarm einzuordnen sind.
Nährstoffaufnahme der Zuckerrübe. Teil II: Entwicklung des Nährstoffexports vom Feld
Authors: Bürcky Klaus , Heyn Johannes , Horn Dietmar , Koch Dierk
Published: December 2019

Anhand einer langjährigen Untersuchungsreihe wurde die Entwicklung der Nährstoffgehalte und der mit der Zuckerrübe exportierten Nährstoffmengen verfolgt. Grundlage waren dabei zahlreiche Düngungsversuche des Landesbetriebs Landwirtschaft Hessen und der süddeutschen Zuckerwirtschaft aus den Jahren 1994–2013. Um die Entwicklung aufzuzeigen und gleichzeitig jahresbedingte Schwankungen abzuschwächen, wurden jeweils die Ergebnisse aus vier Versuchsjahren zu Beginn (1994–1997), zur Mitte (2002–2005) und am Ende des Untersuchungszeitraums (2010–2013) zusammengefasst. Neben Haupt- wurden auch Spurennährstoffe in die Untersuchungen einbezogen.

Der Gehalt aller Nährstoffe in der Rübe (außer Calcium) war in den Jahren 2010–2013 niedriger als 1994–1997. Er lag bei den Hauptnährstoffen zwischen relativ 74% (Stickstoff, Schwefel) und 83% (Kalium) des Ausgangswertes. Die Ursachen dafür werden im Zuchtfortschritt und Optimierungen im pflanzenbaulichen Bereich sowie in der Physiologie der Rübe gesehen. Auch bei den Spurennährstoffen wurden aktuell niedrigere Gehalte gefunden als vor 20Jahren. Trotz Anstieg des Rübenertrages innerhalb des Untersuchungszeitraums um 36% blieb daher die Nährstoffaufnahme weitgehend konstant. Für die Praxis ist festzuhalten, dass heute mit der Rübe pro Flächeneinheit nicht mehr Stickstoff, Phosphor, Magnesium und Schwefel bzw. nur unwesentlich mehr Kalium vom Feld exportiert wird als vor 20 Jahren. Die Düngung dieser Nährstoffe kann daher weitestgehend unabhängig vom Ertragsniveau erfolgen.
The Chadbourne Agreement (1931)
and its impact on the Czechoslovak sugar industry
Authors: Skrivan Aleš , Drábek Jakub
Published: December 2019

At the beginning of the 1930s, Thomas Chadbourne, a lawyer from Wall Street, assumed the task of finding a new form of international cooperation on sugar production and trade. A new committee was established in Brussels and its activities led to a new international sugar agreement in 1931 signed by several major sugar producers (including Czechoslovakia). It became gradually evident that the Chadbourne Agreement certainly could not affect some of the major problems, which plagued world sugar production – especially the unfavorable trend in sugar consumption that stagnated or even declined in many world regions due to the Great Depression. The document did not involve a true cooperation in customs policy and did not represent a way to a direct abolition or at least reduction of customs tariffs. As for price strategy, the project ultimately failed too since the real price development greatly differed from the desired growth of prices. The Chadbourne Agreement had some negative or at least controversial consequences for the signatory countries and the planned benefits of the Chadbourn Agreement were effectively phased out by the behavior of non-signatory states, which gradually increased sugar production – in some respects only filling the gap that emerged on the world market.
Linier Superposition Analysis on Managing Blasting Ground Vibration in Coal Mining
Authors: Pradatama Dhion , Pradasara Chani , Nurdiansyah Syarif
Published: December 2019

One of the blasting process effect is ground vibration. Ground vibration currently consider as waste energy which it can infere and be an issue to the environment. PT. Multi Nitrotama Kimia as blasting service and explosives sales in Indonesia has customers dealing with that issues, one of them is PT Adaro Indonesia. To overcome the issue, engineering approach is done to the ground vibration by changing waste energy into work energy with the principle of linear superposition using the signature hole analysis (SHA) method to minimize the ground vibration. Researches and experiments are carried out using the Signature Hole Analysis (SHA) method to record wave propagation in each range of certain blocks - strips to the concern area. The recorded waves are analyzed with the Linear Superposition feature to obtain delay time recommendation along with the predicted vibration. The recommended delay time obtained is the delay time on inter-hole and inter-row which will be applied for next blasting.Based on the Signature Hole Analysis method, the recommended delay time given can be applied to accommodate the linear superposition wave principle. Its application can be optimized using inter-deck delay to minimize ground vibration produced. Its proven by ground vibrations produced using the recommendations always below the specified standard (PVS = <2.00 mm / s).
Strangers among their own: local interaction, integration, and segregation of Russian immigrants in Prague
Authors: Ignatyeva Ekaterina , Sýkora Luděk
Published: December 2019

The paper aims to understand the relations between segregation, integration, and interaction of Russian immigrants in the city of Prague. Focusing on localities with a high-level concentration of Russians, the paper discusses the choice of residential area and its assessment, future migration plans, and local relations and the nature of everyday social interaction of Russian immigrants with other Russians, immigrants, and Czech citizens. While Russians are in daily interaction with the majority as well as with their fellow countrymen, the research highlighted their tendencies of mental separation and isolation, which hinders local integration.
Kar. sδisa und ein lykischer Ortsname
Authors: SİMON Zsolt
Published: December 2019

Es wird allgemein angenommen, dass die karischen Wörter sδi, sδisa, und siδi zu einem einzigen Wort gehören, dessen Bedeutung als ‚Grab‘ o.ä. angegeben wird. Neuere Erkenntnisse erfordern allerdings eine Neubetrachtung dieses Wortes, der dieser Aufsatz gewidmet ist. Es wird dafür argumentiert, dass dieses Wort in drei Lexeme zu trennen ist: sδi(a) ‚Grab‘,  sδisa ‚aus Sindia‘ und si- ‚liegen‘.
Χρυσᾶ τῶν Ἡλιάδων τὰ δάκρυα. Golden strömen die Tränen der Heliaden oder Die mithrische Interpretation des Phaëton-Mythos
Authors: BORCHHARDT Jürgen
Published: December 2019

In the furnishing, not only of the Mausoleum of Belevi near Ephesos but also in the palace of Nero (Domus Aurea) in Rome the myth of Phaëton is shown. It will be explained by the builders to be the reborn Mithras in order to create a new golden age. Analogous to the Telephos-Frieze from the Pergamon-Altar it is supposed that in both places it was planned to show the myth of Phaëton and his sisters, the Heliades, narrative in more than one sequence. But not the western version, which accused Phaëton of presumption and justified his punishment and destruction by Zeus, should be shown but the eastern interpretation, which demanded in Mithraic understanding the sacrifice of the son by his father in the expyrosis, in the decline of the world by fire. Mithras as Kosmokrator, „the Assyrian Phaëton in Persia“ (Nonnos) guarantees a new golden era (aurea aetas). It is not astonishing that in fine arts from antiquity to the re­naissance (Michelangelo) to modern times (Goethe) artists follow the literary western examples (Ovid, Philostrat). Only the amphiglyphic relief from Dieburg in Germany testifies that the Mithraic interpretation existed (Nonnos, Dio Chrysostomos). This is not contrary to the assumption that the tombs in Halikarnassos as well as in Belevi are not built for one ruler but for dynasties. Therefore, the mausolea for the Hecatomnids and the Antigonids were in need of dif­ferent places for funerals and cult of the ruling dynasts in the upper floor with sarcophags and statues and the normal family-members of the dynasty in the podium.
Transmission System and Rural Electrification Scheme in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges, Constraints and Way forward
Authors: Akpojedje France Onoabedje , Mormah E. C.
Published: December 2019

This paper x-rayed the transmission system and rural electrification scheme in Nigeria. The electric power transmission network and rural electrification scheme were critically reviewed in terms of issues, challenges, constraints, roles and current state of the power systems to identify their areas of strength and shortcomings in the Nigeria power sector. The paper further proposes the way forward to enhance the performance of the Nigeria’s electric power transmission system and rural electrification scheme.
Plasmonic nanosensor based on multiple independently tunable Fano resonances
Authors: Cheng Lin , Wang Zelong , He Xiaodong , Cao Pengfei
Published: December 2019

A novel refractive index nanosensor with compound structures is proposed in this paper. It consists of three different kinds of resonators and two stubs which are side-coupled to a metal–dielectric–metal (MDM) waveguide. By utilizing numerical investigation with the finite element method (FEM), the simulation results show that the transmission spectrum of the nanosensor has as many as five sharp Fano resonance peaks. Due to their different resonance mechanisms, each resonance peak can be independently tuned by adjusting the corresponding parameters of the structure. In addition, the sensitivity of the nanosensor is found to be up to 1900 nm/RIU. For practical application, a legitimate combination of various different components, such as T-shaped, ring, and split-ring cavities, has been proposed which dramatically reduces the nanosensor dimensions without sacrificing performance. These design concepts pave the way for the construction of compact on-chip plasmonic structures, which can be widely applied to nanosensors, optical splitters, filters, optical switches, nonlinear photonic and slow-light devices.
Stochastic excitation for high-resolution Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy imaging: a system theory approach.
Authors: Cruz-Valeriano Edgar , Gervacio Arciniega J J , Hernández Landaverde M A , Enriquez-Flores Christian I , Chipatecua Yuri , Gutierrez-Peralta Aime , Ramírez-Bon Rafael , Meraz-Dávila Susana , Moreno Palmerin Joel , Yañez-Limón J M
Published: December 2019

In this work, a high-resolution Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy imaging technique is shown in order to obtain the local indentation modulus at nanoscale using a model which gives a quantitative relationship between a set of contact resonance frequencies and indentation modulus through a white-noise excitation. This technique is based on white-noise excitation for system identification due to non-linearities in the tip-sample interaction. During a conventional scanning, a Fast Fourier Transform is applied to the deflection signal which comes from the photo-diodes of the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) for each pixel, while the tip-sample interaction is excited by a white-noise signal. This approach allows the measurement of several vibrational modes in a single step with high frequency resolution, less computational data and at a faster speed than other similar techniques. This technique is referred to as Stochastic Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy (S-AFAM), where the frequency shifts with respect to free resonance frequencies for an AFM cantilever can be used to determine the mechanical properties of a material. S-AFAM is implemented and compared to a conventional technique (Resonance Tracking-Atomic Force Microscopy, RT-AFAM), where a graphite film over a glass substrate sample is analyzed. S-AFAM can be implemented in any AFM system due to its reduced instrumentation compared to conventional techniques.
FORECASTING, VALUATION AND PORTFOLIO RETURNS OF STOCK MARKET EVOLUTION: PROBLEMS, PARADOXES AND EFFICIENT INFORMATION. WORLDWIDE IMPLICATIONS AND ROMANIAN EVIDENCE
Authors: Turcaș Florin , Dumiter Florin Cornel , Brezeanu Petre , Boiță Marius
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this paper is to make a quantitative and qualitative critical analyse regarding the three important aspects of stock market evolution. First, the forecasting problems are presented and analyse in order to establish the main problems and the potential solutions. Second, the valuation problems are tackled in order to observe different trends and directions of solving these issues. Third, the portfolio return forecasts are mandatory in order to establish the results of the titles/market evolutions. The methods used in this research reveal the importance of adopting some important econometric tools in order to test the robustness of different main theories of the stock market and some important practices used among investors. The scope of the research was to give a quid pro quo in order to confer potential solutions regarding problems, paradoxes and efficient information of the stock market. The empirical results reveal that besides the critical side of the theories this paper sets a basis for a new eclectic approach regarding the probabilities that a title achieves certain values within a reasonable time frame. The main conclusion of this article suggests’ that the current theories register some gaps regarding the adherence into stock markets’ realities.
The Generalized Hardness–Intensity Diagram for Black Hole and Neutron Star X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Singh Chandra B. , Garofalo David , Kennedy Kathryn
Published: December 2019

Over the past half-century, X-ray and radio observations of accreting neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes have yielded a rich observational picture, with common features including state transitions and jet formation, but also sharp differences. While black hole X-ray binaries overwhelmingly suppress jets in so-called soft states, accreting neutron stars are less restrictive, with a soft state wind observed in some sources to coexist with a jet. We propose an explanation for these differences that leads to a generalization of a foundational element, the hardness–intensity diagram of Fender et al. The inverse relation between jets and winds fits into a picture that connects to prograde accretion, while the possibility of counterrotation between accretion disk and compact object accounts for observed differences in accreting neutron stars. This picture comes with a surprising twist, which is that neutron stars embody the small-scale analog of FRII quasars, an idea that allows us to complete the scale-invariant picture for the jet–disk connection.
An Imprint of the Galactic Magnetic Field in the Diffuse Unpolarized Dust Emission
Authors: Hensley Brandon S. , Zhang 张 Cheng 程 , Bock James J.
Published: December 2019

It is well known that aligned, aspherical dust grains emit polarized radiation and that the degree of polarization depends on the angle ψ between the interstellar magnetic field and the line of sight (LOS). However, anisotropy of the dust absorption cross sections also modulates the total intensity of the radiation as the viewing geometry changes. We report a detection of this effect in the high Galactic latitude Planck data, finding that the 353 GHz dust intensity per N
H i
is smaller when the Galactic magnetic field is mostly in the plane of the sky and larger when the field is mostly along the LOS. These variations are of opposite sign and roughly equal magnitude as the changes in polarized intensity per N
H i
with ψ, as predicted. In principle, the variation in intensity can be used in conjunction with the dust polarization angle to constrain the full 3D orientation of the Galactic magnetic field.
The Exoplanet Population Observation Simulator. II. Population Synthesis in the Era of Kepler
Authors: Mulders Gijs D. , Mordasini Christoph , Pascucci Ilaria , Ciesla Fred J. , Emsenhuber Alexandre , Apai Dániel
Published: December 2019

The collection of planetary system properties derived from large surveys such as Kepler provides critical constraints on planet formation and evolution. These constraints can only be applied to planet formation models, however, if the observational biases and selection effects are properly accounted for. Here we show how epos, the Exoplanet Population Observation Simulator, can be used to constrain planet formation models by comparing the Bern planet population synthesis models to the Kepler exoplanetary systems. We compile a series of diagnostics, based on occurrence rates of different classes of planets and the architectures of multiplanet systems within 1 au, that can be used as benchmarks for future and current modeling efforts. Overall, we find that a model with 100-seed planetary cores per protoplanetary disk provides a reasonable match to most diagnostics. Based on these diagnostics we identify physical properties and processes that would result in the Bern model more closely matching the known planetary systems. These are as follows: moving the planet trap at the inner disk edge outward; increasing the formation efficiency of mini-Neptunes; and reducing the fraction of stars that form observable planets. We conclude with an outlook on the composition of planets in the habitable zone, and highlight that the majority of simulated planets smaller than 1.7 Earth radii in this zone are predicted to have substantial hydrogen atmospheres. The software used in this paper is available online for public scrutiny at  https://github.com/GijsMulders/epos.
Spectral Evolution and Radial Dust Transport in the Prototype Young Eruptive System EX Lup*
Authors: Ábrahám P. , Chen L. , Kóspál Á. , Bouwman J. , Carmona A. , Haas M. , Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Figaredo C. Sobrino , Boekel R. van , Varga J.
Published: December 2019

EX Lup is the prototype of a class of pre-main-sequence eruptive stars defined by their repetitive outbursts lasting several months. In 2008 January–September EX Lup underwent its historically largest outburst, brightening by about 4 mag in visual light. In previous studies we discovered ongoing silicate crystal formation in the inner disk during the outburst, but also noticed that the measured crystallinity fraction started decreasing after the source returned to the quiescent phase. Here we present new observations of the 10 μm silicate feature, obtained with the MIDI and VISIR instruments at Paranal Observatory. The observations demonstrate that within five years practically all crystalline forsterite disappeared from the surface of the inner disk. We reconstruct this process by presenting a series of parametric axisymmetric radiative transfer models of an expanding dust cloud that transports the crystals from the terrestrial zone to outer disk regions where comets are supposed to form. It is possible the early Sun also experienced similar flare-ups, and the forming planetesimals might have incorporated crystalline silicate material produced by such outbursts. Finally, we discuss how far the location of the dust cloud could be constrained by future James Webb Space Telescope observations.
GASP XXIII: A Jellyfish Galaxy as an Astrophysical Laboratory of the Baryonic Cycle
Authors: Poggianti Bianca M. , Ignesti Alessandro , Gitti Myriam , Wolter Anna , Brighenti Fabrizio , Biviano Andrea , George Koshy , Vulcani Benedetta , Gullieuszik Marco , Moretti Alessia , Paladino Rosita , Bettoni Daniela , Franchetto Andrea , Jaffé Yara L. , Radovich Mario , Roediger Elke , Tomičić Neven , Tonnesen Stephanie , Bellhouse Callum , Fritz Jacopo , Omizzolo Alessandro
Published: December 2019

With MUSE, Chandra, VLA, ALMA, and UVIT data from the GASP program, we study the multiphase baryonic components in a jellyfish galaxy (JW100) with a stellar mass 3.2 × 1011
M
⊙ hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We present its spectacular extraplanar tails of ionized and molecular gas, UV stellar light, and X-ray and radio continuum emission. This galaxy represents an excellent laboratory to study the interplay between different gas phases and star formation and the influence of gas stripping, gas heating, and AGNs. We analyze the physical origin of the emission at different wavelengths in the tail, in particular in situ star formation (related to Hα, CO, and UV emission), synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons (producing the radio continuum), and heating of the stripped interstellar medium (ISM; responsible for the X-ray emission). We show the similarities and differences of the spatial distributions of ionized gas, molecular gas, and UV light and argue that the mismatch on small scales (1 kpc) is due to different stages of the star formation process. We present the relation Hα–X-ray surface brightness, which is steeper for star-forming regions than for diffuse ionized gas regions with a high [O i]/Hα ratio. We propose that ISM heating due to interaction with the intracluster medium (either for mixing, thermal conduction, or shocks) is responsible for the X-ray tail, observed [O i] excess, and lack of star formation in the northern part of the tail. We also report the tentative discovery in the tail of the most distant (and among the brightest) currently known ULX, a pointlike ultraluminous X-ray source commonly originating in a binary stellar system powered by either an intermediate-mass black hole or a magnetized neutron star.
Spectroscopic and Stereoscopic Observations of the Solar Jets
Authors: Lu Lei , Feng Li , Li Ying , Li Dong , Ning Zongjun , Gan Weiqun
Published: December 2019

We present a comprehensive study of a series of recurrent jets that occurred at the periphery of the NOAA active region 12114 on 2014 July 7. These jets were found to share the same source region and exhibited rotational motions as they propagated outward. The multiwavelength imaging observations made by the AIA and IRIS telescopes reveal that some of the jets contain cool plasma only, while some others contain not only cool but also hot plasma. The Doppler velocities calculated from the IRIS spectra show a continuous evolution from blue- to redshifts as the jet motions change from upward to downward. Additionally, some jets exhibit opposite Doppler shifts on both their sides, indicative of rotating motions along their axes. The inclination angle and three-dimensional velocity of the largest jet were inferred from the imaging and spectroscopic observations, which show high consistency with those derived from the stereoscopic analysis using dual-perspective observations by SDO/AIA and STEREO-B/EUVI. By relating the jets to the local UV/EUV and full-disk GOES X-ray emission enhancements, we found that the previous five small-scale jets were triggered by five bright points while the last/largest one was triggered by a C1.6 solar flare. Together with a number of type III radio bursts generated during the jet eruptions as well as a weak CME that was observed in association with the last jet, our observations provide evidence in support of multiscale magnetic reconnection processes being responsible for the production of jet events.
Camouflage of the Phase Transition to Quark Matter in Neutron Stars
Authors: Wei Wei , Irving Bryen , Salinas Marc , Klähn Thomas , Jaikumar Prashanth
Published: December 2019

It has been known for some time that compact stars containing quark matter can masquerade as neutron stars in the range of measured mass and radius, making it difficult to draw firm conclusions on the phases of matter present inside the star. Using the vector-enhanced Bag model (vBag), we examine mass–radius and mass–compactness relations with Maxwell and Gibbs construction for hybrid stars with transitions from nuclear matter to two- or three-flavor quark matter, including sequential transitions. Not only can stable hybrid stars with either two- or three-flavor quark matter mimic neutron stars (the traditional masquerade), it also appears difficult to distinguish two-flavor from three-flavor quark matter, even in cases where a phase transition can be said to have occurred, such as in the presence of a distinct kink in the mass–radius relation. Furthermore, allowing for sequential flavor transitions, we find that the transition into an unstable branch can be caused by either a transition from nuclear to unstable quark matter or the sequential transition from nuclear to stable but “masquerading” two-flavor to unstable three-flavor quark matter. Addressing chiral restoration as well as quark deconfinement in a model of the phase transition, as the vBag does, adds further flexibility to the high-density equation of state, motivating caution in using even high-precision M–R data to draw firm conclusions on the nature of phases and phase transitions in neutron stars.
Origin of Nonaxisymmetric Features of Virgo Cluster Early-type Dwarf Galaxies. II. Tidal Effects on Disk Features and Stability
Authors: Kwak SungWon , Kim Woong-Tae , Rey Soo-Chang , Quinn Thomas R.
Published: December 2019

A fraction of dwarf galaxies in the Virgo Cluster contain disk features like bars and spiral arms. Using N-body simulations, we investigate the effects of tidal forces on the formation of such disk features in disk dwarf galaxies resembling VCC 856. We consider eight cluster–galaxy models in which disk dwarf galaxies with differing pericenter distance and spin orientation experience the tidal gravitational force of a Virgo-like Navarro–Frenk–White halo, as well as an additional eight galaxy–galaxy models in which two dwarf galaxies undergo tidal interactions with different strength. We find that the cluster tidal effect is moderate owing to the small galaxy size, making the bars form earlier by ∼1–1.5 Gyr compared to the cases in isolation. While the galactic halos significantly lose their mass within the virial radius due to the cluster tidal force, the mass of the stellar disks is nearly unchanged, suggesting that the inner regions of a disk–halo system are secured from the tidal force. The tidal forcing from either the cluster potential or a companion galaxy triggers the formation of two-armed spirals at early time before a bar develops. The tidally driven arms decay and wind with time, suggesting that they are kinematic density waves. In terms of the strength and pitch angle, the faint arms in VCC 856 are best matched with the arms in a marginally unstable galaxy produced by a distant tidal encounter with its neighbor ∼0.85 Gyr ago.
Critical Velocity Ionization in Substellar Atmospheres
Authors: Wilson A. D. , Dobbs-Dixon I. , Diver D. A. , Stark C. R.
Published: December 2019

The observation of radio, X-ray, and H
α
emission from substellar objects indicates the presence of plasma regions and associated high-energy processes in their surrounding envelopes. This paper numerically simulates and characterizes critical velocity ionization (CVI), a potential ionization process, that can efficiently generate plasma as a result of neutral gas flows interacting with seed magnetized plasmas. By coupling a gas–magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) interactions code (to simulate the ionization mechanism) with a substellar global circulation model (to provide the required gas flows), we quantify the spatial extent of the resulting plasma regions, their degree of ionization, and their lifetime for a typical substellar atmosphere. It is found that the typical average ionization fraction reached at equilibrium (where the ionization and recombination rates are equal and opposite) ranges from 10−5 to 10−8, at pressures between 10−1 and 10−3 bar, with a trend of increasing ionization fraction with decreasing atmospheric pressure. The ionization fractions reached as a result of CVI are sufficient to allow magnetic fields to couple to gas flows in the atmosphere.
Superabundance of Exoplanet Sub-Neptunes Explained by Fugacity Crisis
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Bruce Fegley Jr.  , Schaefer Laura , Ford Eric B.
Published: December 2019

Transiting planets with radii 2–3 R
⊕ are much more numerous than larger planets. We propose that this drop-off is so abrupt because at R ∼ 3 R
⊕ base-of-atmosphere pressure is high enough for the atmosphere to readily dissolve into magma, and this sequestration acts as a strong brake on further growth. The viability of this idea is demonstrated using a simple model. Our results support extensive magma–atmosphere equilibration on sub-Neptunes, with numerous implications for sub-Neptune formation and atmospheric chemistry.
The Challenging Detection of Nucleobases from Pre-accretional Astrophysical Ice Analogs
Authors: Ruf Alexander , Lange Justin , Eddhif Balkis , Geffroy Claude , d’Hendecourt Louis Le Sergeant , Poinot Pauline , Danger Grégoire
Published: December 2019

Amino acids, sugars, and nucleobases are considered as the so-called molecular bricks of life, the major subunits of proteins and genetic materials. All three chemical families have been previously detected in meteorites. In dense molecular cloud ice analogs, the formation of a large set of amino acids and sugars (+derivatives) has been observed. In this contribution, we demonstrate that similar ices (H2O:13CH3OH:NH3 ices, 2:1:1) can also lead to the formation of nucleobases. Using combined UPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometric and UPLC-SRM-triple quadrupole mass spectrometric analyses, we have unambiguously detected cytosine in these primitive, realistic astrophysical ice analogs. Additionally, a huge variety of nucleobase isomers was observed. These results indicate that all central subunits of biochemical materials may have already been present at early stages of chemical evolution of the protosolar nebula, before accretion toward planetesimals. Consequently, the formation of amino acids, sugars, and nucleobases does not necessarily require secondary alteration processes inside meteoritic parent bodies. They might have been supplied from dense molecular cloud ices toward post-accretional objects, such as nonaqueously modified comets, and subsequently delivered onto the early Earth's surface, potentially triggering the emergence of prebiotic chemistry leading to the first living systems.
Faint Repetitions from a Bright Fast Radio Burst Source
Authors: Kumar Pravir , Shannon R. M. , Osłowski Stefan , Qiu Hao , Bhandari Shivani , Farah Wael , Flynn Chris , Kerr Matthew , Lorimer D. R. , Macquart J.-P. , Ng Cherry , Phillips C. J. , Price Danny C. , Spiewak Renée
Published: December 2019

We report the detection of repeat bursts from the source of FRB 171019, one of the brightest fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected in the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) fly’s eye survey. Two bursts from the source were detected with the Green Bank Telescope in observations centered at 820 MHz. The repetitions are a factor of ∼590 fainter than the ASKAP-discovered burst. All three bursts from this source show no evidence of scattering and have consistent pulse widths. The pulse spectra show modulation that could be evidence for either steep spectra or patchy emission. The two repetitions were the only ones found in an observing campaign for this FRB totaling 1000 hr, which also included ASKAP and the 64 m Parkes radio telescope, over a range of frequencies (720–2000 MHz) at epochs spanning two years. The inferred scaling of repetition rate with fluence of this source agrees with the other repeating source, FRB 121102. The detection of faint pulses from FRB 171019 shows that at least some FRBs selected from bright samples will repeat if follow-up observations are conducted with more sensitive telescopes.
Boris Johnson's Conservatism: an insurrection against political reason?
Authors: Schwarz Bill
Published: December 2019

An oligarchic Jacobinism – with Boris Johnson as champion of the people – seems to be finding resonance with the wider UK electorate, a meeting of opposites in which class hatreds reverberate with class deference. The seriousness of the current attack on democratic processes
derives from the fact that the principal agent dedicated to eviscerating the institutions of the state is located inside the Conservative Party. Johnson's cabinet is dominated by the 'Britannia Unchained' authors and the European Research Group Spartans. This is the end of the 'good chaps'
Tory party, and the beginning of a consolidation of a peculiarly English form of authoritarian populism. The construction of a democratic opposition to this lurch to the right requires the broadest possible alliance.
Des patronages rouennais aux rives de l’Orne : Jean Calbrix, itinéraire d’un randonneur hébertiste depuis les années 1930
Authors: Lemonnier Jean-Marc , Dutheil Frédéric
Published: December 2019

Cette contribution vise à replacer l’itinéraire d’un hébertiste militant au sein des patronages, des auberges de jeunesse et des centres socio-culturels depuis les années 1930. Entre microanalyse et biographie thématisée, l’analyse du parcours de Jean Calbrix, éducateur, randonneur, amateur d’activités physiques de plein air, permet de repérer ses choix individuels dans les contextes géographiques et sociétaux rouennais et alençonnais. En cela, ses trajectoires de vie se teintent d’effets générationnels liés à des périodes où les institutions étaient reconnues comme émancipatrices. Elles sont également le résultat d’un engagement personnel visant à dépasser le seul statut d’adhérent pour devenir un promoteur avisé des activités de pleine nature et de l’éducation populaire.
Babel et Pentecôte. Réflexion sur la diversité des langues comme projet divin
Authors: Leterre Thierry
Published: December 2019

L’épisode biblique de Babel – la tour construite par les premiers hommes et détruite par Dieu qui les disperse en rendant la communication difficile par la séparation des langues – est souvent regardé comme l’histoire d’une punition. Pourtant la lecture commune, laïque et philosophique, que nous proposons, montre un texte beaucoup plus ouvert. Au lieu d’insister sur la destruction d’un projet humain, celui de la tour, on s’interroge sur la signification de ce qu’il y a avant cette tour, et sur ce qui se passe après. Avant, on a un peuple en mouvement ; après on a de nouveau ce peuple en mouvement, mais doté de la richesse, et non de la malédiction, des langues diverses. Nous proposons donc de lire Babel comme un éloge de la pluralité pensée à partir des langues, comme essence de l’humanité retrouvée, et non comme la violence d’un dieu jaloux.
« L’antériorité de l’être sur la parole ». Réflexions sur la question des limites du langage
Authors: Labrusse Sébastien
Published: December 2019

Cette étude se propose d’examiner le sens d’une formule d’Yves Bonnefoy, « l’antériorité de l’être sur la parole. » Il s’agit de se demander ce que peut signifier l’idée d’un en deçà des mots – ou d’un au-delà. N’y a-t-il pas des êtres qui se refusent aux mots, à ceux d’entre eux du moins qui sont des concepts ? Il s’agit donc d’abord d’interroger une certaine infirmité du langage conceptuel. Mais si le monde nous semble deux fois dévasté, par le langage et par l’emprise que nous exerçons sur lui, la parole, celle dite par la personne d’autrui, par l’enfant, ne peut-elle être le lieu de l’espoir ? La personne d’autrui, qui me parle et à qui je m’adresse, ne serait-elle pas première ?
« Mais dis seulement une parole et je serai guéri »
Authors: Leroy Christine
Published: December 2019

Notre réflexion procède d’un étonnement relatif à la phrase « dis seulement une parole et je serai guéri » prononcée durant l’office religieux catholique. Comment une parole, qui s’évanouit à mesure qu’elle est dite, peut-elle guérir un corps éminemment concret ? En outre, la parole guérisseuse ne vient pas : sa demande signifie en même temps qu’elle manque à l’appel. Au-delà du registre liturgique, ce paradoxe initiera notre enquête sur le pouvoir guérisseur d’une parole dont nous manquons et que nous appelons de nos vœux, auprès des parents, du psychanalyste ou encore sur les réseaux sociaux. La parole que l’on prend soi-même et le dialogue que nous construisons avec autrui sont autant de tentatives éthiques pour combler notre manque anthropologique et charnel.
La philosophie des philosophes et celle des autres – en quoi consiste la seconde et comment l’historien de la philosophie doit la prendre en charge
Authors: Citot Vincent
Published: December 2019

De même que les politologues n’ont pas le monopole de la pensée politique, les philosophes ne sont pas les seuls à philosopher. Des théologiens, des savants, des écrivains, des politiques, des juristes ou des philologues (liste non exhaustive) ont, à travers l’histoire, contribué d’une façon significative à la pensée philosophique. Or il nous semble que ces contributions sont négligées par les historiographes de la philosophie. Nous montrons l’intérêt qu’il y aurait à reconsidérer les méthodes d’écriture de l’histoire de la philosophie pour que celle-ci soit plus inclusive, en insistant particulièrement sur l’apport des scientifiques à la pensée philosophique. Comme ce travail engage une certaine conception de la philosophie, nous commençons par proposer des définitions.
La musique et l’utopie des sentiments
Authors: Bahr Hans-Dieter , Villetet Claudine
Published: December 2019

J’interroge tout d’abord certaines philosophies de la musique (depuis Kant) dans le rapport qu’elles ont entretenu avec les sentiments. Les grands penseurs ont généralement peu apprécié le psychologisme courant, selon lequel les sentiments étaient de simples états psychiques subjectifs que la musique pouvait éventuellement susciter. Dans la seconde partie, je tente de libérer la théorie des sentiments de ce psychologisme, pour mettre en évidence la singularité de l’épistémè des sentiments. Les grandes œuvres musicales n’auraient-elles pas plutôt pour vocation de générer des sentiments encore inconnus, « utopiques » ?
Violence, trafic de drogue et sécurité publique au Mexique
Authors: Medeiros Passos Anaís , Rey Patricia
Published: December 2019

Cet article analyse le développement du niveau de complexité du trafic de drogue sur le territoire mexicain au cours des xx e et xxi e  siècles, ainsi que la réponse que l’État apporte à ce problème. On constate qu’à partir de 1930 les forces armées ont été introduites par le gouvernement fédéral pour lutter contre la production de drogues, puis pour réprimer le narcotrafic. Il en résulte une évolution non linéaire de la violence criminelle, qui est aujourd’hui liée à une segmentation croissante du milieu du crime organisé, elle-même due à la « stratégie de décapitation » des organisations de narcotrafiquants.
Le Mexique et les États-Unis
Authors: G. Castañeda Jorge , Proenza Anne
Published: December 2019

Depuis l’élection de Donald Trump, les relations entre le Mexique et les États-Unis traversent un des moments les plus difficiles de leur histoire. Jamais auparavant Washington n’avait montré autant de mauvaise volonté et d’animosité envers son voisin du Sud, ni de telles prédispositions à entrer en conflit. En outre, en décembre 2018, et pour la première fois depuis 1940, a été mis en place au Mexique un gouvernement qui s’autoproclame de gauche. La simultanéité de ces arrivées au pouvoir n’augure rien de bon pour chacun de ces deux pays.
La carrière entrepreneuriale des femmes : une étude des trajectoires entre secteur formel et informel au Gabon
Authors: M’Bouna Murielle Natacha
Published: December 2019

L’objet de cet article est d’analyser la carrière entrepreneuriale des femmes entre le secteur formel et le secteur informel. Pour comprendre ces trajectoires, quatre propositions sont formulées autour de la carrière formelle, informelle, non formelle et non informelle. L’étude qualitative est basée sur des entretiens auprès de 29 femmes entrepreneures. Les résultats révèlent les comportements carriéristes de ces femmes : la stabilité dans le formel ; la stabilité dans l’informel ; la migration vers l’informel des femmes du secteur formel et la migration vers le formel des femmes de l’informel. Ils soulignent quatre trajectoires dans un continuum formel-informel et ouvrent la discussion sur des motivations entrepreneuriales autres que la nécessité et l’opportunité.
La rémunération variable au service de la responsabilité sociale : enquête auprès de grandes entreprises situées en Belgique
Authors: Hallée Yves , Dupont Claire , Giuliano Romina
Published: December 2019

Cette recherche porte sur l’inclusion dans la rémunération variable de critères extra financiers permettant d’adopter des comportements plus responsables. Ce sont principalement des critères environnementaux et sociaux qui y sont intégrés. La dimension environnementale est celle qui génère le plus d’activités. Toutefois, les répondants sont plus nombreux à baser leur rémunération variable sur des critères économiques et financiers plutôt que non financiers.
Négociation responsable : la grande joie de persévérer dans son être avec autrui
Authors: Pekar Lempereur Alain
Published: December 2019

La négociation responsable suscite la joie d’être soi avec autrui par un double processus : elle « répond aux problèmes posés » par les solutions sociétales les plus adéquates dans le réel et « en répond auprès de toutes les personnes concernées. » Ce faisant, elle crée de la confiance et de la substance, de la valeur subjective et objective, et assure une jouissance juste et durable pour tous. La négociation responsable se différencie d’une approche compétitive de la négociation visant à ne maximiser l’utilité que d’une seule personne dans l’ignorance d’autrui, mais aussi d’une approche coopérative, telle que le Programme de Négociation d’Harvard la développe et qui, même si elle recherche des solutions créatrices de valeur pour les parties, demeure ambivalente par rapport aux questions de justice sociale et de responsabilité sociales des entreprises.