bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaps in Depression Symptom Management for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Noel Christopher W. , Sutradhar Rinku , Chan Wing C. , Fu Rui , Philteos Justine , Forner David , Irish Jonathan C. , Vigod Simone , Isenberg‐Grzeda Elie , Coburn Natalie G. , Hallet Julie , Eskander Antoine
Published: February 2023

Objective

To understand practice patterns and identify care gaps within a large‐scale depression screening program for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

Study Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

This was a population‐based study of adults diagnosed with a HNC between January 2007 and October 2020. Each patient was observed from time of first symptom assessment until end of study date, or death. The exposure of interest was a positive depressive symptom screen on the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System (ESAS). Outcomes of interest included psychiatry/psychology assessment, social work referral, or palliative care assessment. Cause specific hazard models with a time‐varying exposure were used to investigate the exposure‐outcome relationships.

Results

Of 14,054 patients with HNC, 9016 (64.2%) reported depressive symptoms on at least one ESAS assessment. Within 60 days of first reporting depressive symptoms, 223 (2.7%) received a psychiatry assessment, 646 (7.9%) a social work referral, and 1131 (13.9%) a palliative care assessment. Rates of psychiatry/psychology assessment (HR 3.15 [95% CI 2.67–3.72]), social work referral (HR 1.83 [95% CI 1.64–2.02]), and palliative care assessment (HR 2.34 [95% CI 2.19–2.50]) were higher for those screening positive for depression. Certain patient populations were less likely to receive an assessment including the elderly, rural residents, and those without a prior psychiatric history.

Conclusion

A high proportion of head and neck patients report depressive symptoms, though this triggers a referral in a small number of cases. These data highlight areas for improvement in depression screening care pathways.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 133:2638–2646, 2023
Chimeric SCIP flap with iliac bone for reconstruction of foot first ray in a radiated surgical bed: A case report
Authors: Torrano Laura , Zamora Alarcón Paúl , Ibarra Andreé , Masiá Jaume , Sisternas Hernández Lucía , Fernández‐Garrido Manuel
Published: February 2023

Surgical management of sarcoma has evolved from amputation to limb salvage. Nevertheless, subsequent resections in previously irradiated feet are still challenging to reconstruct. First foot ray functional reconstruction is relevant due to its function in weight‐bearing and gait. The reconstruction should include a thin, pliable and non‐shearing skin paddle with vascularized long cortical bone to mimic the first metatarsal. A clinical case of a 37‐year‐old patient with a second sarcoma recurrence of the first metatarsal is presented. The patient was irradiated before this new recurrence and had a previous reconstruction with fibula allograft, but subsequently developed a first metatarsal pseudoarthrosis. A wide resection was performed (3.5 cm bone defect) and immediate soft tissue and bone reconstruction with a chimeric SCIP flap with a 17 × 8 cm skin paddle and 3.5 × 1.5 cm iliac bone (cSCIP‐IB). At 7 months post‐operatively, the patient was able to resumed full weight‐bearing. Three years later, remains without disease progression. CSCIP‐IB is a good option for foot first ray reconstruction in irradiated beds. This flap has low donor site morbidity and a higher ossification success rate compared to bone allografts.
Compact self‐multiplexing antenna with high isolation and small‐frequency ratio
Authors: Wu Ting , Wang Jia‐Wei , Wang Ming‐Jun
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a miniaturized quarter‐mode substrate integrated waveguide (QMSIW)‐based self‐multiplexing antenna is designed to achieve high isolation in terms of small‐frequency ratios. First, the cross‐shaped slot is introduced to split the antenna into four parts with different dimensions, equivalent to four QMSIWs with different frequencies. By adjusting the slot position parameters, the QMSIW can be adjusted independently. Second, the antenna placement is optimized by adjusting the position of the slot and applying the frequency spacing technique. The designed antenna operates in four similar frequency bands (4.8, 5.15, 5.5, and 5.8 GHz). The isolation of adjacent units is more remarkable than 35.1 dB, while the isolation of relative units is more excellent than 22.7 dB. The structure of the proposed planar antenna is simple and suitable for handheld microwave devices.
Update on state‐of‐the‐art for arterial spin labeling (ASL) human perfusion imaging outside of the brain
Authors: Taso Manuel , Aramendía‐Vidaurreta Veronica , Englund Erin K. , Francis Susan , Franklin Suzanne , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Martirosian Petros , Nayak Krishna S. , Qin Qin , Shao Xingfeng , Thomas David L. , Zun Zungho , Fernández‐Seara Maria A. ,   the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group
Published: February 2023

This review article provides an overview of developments for arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging in the body (i.e., outside of the brain). It is part of a series of review/recommendation papers from the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group. In this review, we focus on specific challenges and developments tailored for ASL in a variety of body locations. After presenting common challenges, organ‐specific reviews of challenges and developments are presented, including kidneys, lungs, heart (myocardium), placenta, eye (retina), liver, pancreas, and muscle, which are regions that have seen the most developments outside of the brain. Summaries and recommendations of acquisition parameters (when appropriate) are provided for each organ. We then explore the possibilities for wider adoption of body ASL based on large standardization efforts, as well as the potential opportunities based on recent advances in high/low‐field systems and machine‐learning. This review seeks to provide an overview of the current state‐of‐the‐art of ASL for applications in the body, highlighting ongoing challenges and solutions that aim to enable more widespread use of the technique in clinical practice.
A prospective, randomized trial comparing intravesical dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to bupivacaine, triamcinolone, and heparin (BTH), for newly diagnosed interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS)
Authors: Moss Nani P. , Chill Henry H. , Sand Peter K. , Chang Cecilia , Goldberg Roger P. , Gafni‐Kane Adam
Published: February 2023

Introduction and Hypothesis

The primary aim of this study was to compare the effect of bladder instillations using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with triamcinolone versus bupivacaine, triamcinolone, and heparin (BTH) in women with newly diagnosed interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. The primary outcome was improvement in symptoms measured using the O'Leary‐Sant Interstitial Cystitis Symptoms Index (ICSI) score. Secondary comparisons included changes in urinary frequency, nocturia, and bladder capacity.

Materials and Methods

This was a prospective, randomized study. Patients with a recent diagnosis of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) were randomized 1:1 to treatment with either 6 weekly bladder instillations of DMSO with triamcinolone or BTH. During follow‐up visits, patients completed the ICSI questionnaire, and bladder capacity was determined through the retrograde filling of the bladder. The χ2 test or Student's t test were used for data analysis.

Results

A total of 83 patients were randomized, and final analysis included 70 participants who completed the 6 weekly instillations (42 DMSO, 28 BTH). The groups were similar in baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, except for cystometric maximum capacity (DMSO 338.62± 139.44 mL, BTH 447.43 ± 180.38 mL, p = 0.01). In the DMSO group, 63% of patients had a greater than 29.5% reduction in total ICSI score versus 43% in the BTH group (p = 0.15). Nocturia and pain were significantly reduced in the DMSO group. There was a significant increase from baseline in bladder capacity for both groups.

Conclusion

In women with newly diagnosed IC/PBS, bladder instillations with DMSO and triamcinolone provide greater improvement in pain and nocturia compared to BTH.
Intraoperative Neural Response Telemetry and Auditory Outcomes in Pediatric Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Wu Shannon S. , Sawaf Tuleen , Vovos Rachel , Goldberg Donald , Hadford Stephen , Anne Samantha
Published: February 2023

Objective

To evaluate the relationship between intraoperative neural response telemetry (NRT) and postoperative auditory testing outcomes in children.

Study Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Tertiary‐care academic center.

Methods

Children who underwent cochlear implantation using the Cochlear Corporation device between 2010 and 2019 were included. Associations of average NRT and the slope of amplitude with postoperative auditory outcomes including functional auditory measure Infant‐Toddler Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale (IT‐MAIS), and speech perception testing (consonant‐nucleus‐consonant [CNC], Pediatric AzBio [BABY BIO], Hearing In Noise Test [HINT], and Northwestern University Children's Perception of Speech [NU‐CHIPS]), measured between 6 and 57 months after implantation, were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation (ρ).

Results

Thirty‐eight patients (19 female, 19 male) and 54 ears were included. The median age of implantation was 20.6 months (range 9.6 months to 10.6 years). Eight (21%) children had neurologic disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and other causes. Thirteen (34%) children had connexin mutations. Average NRT was not significantly correlated with postoperative auditory outcomes (IT‐MAIS [ρ = −0.08, p = .74], CNC [ρ = 0.19, p = .32], BABY BIO [ρ = 0.21, p = .29], HINT [ρ = 0.05, p = .83]) and NU‐CHIPS (ρ = 0.21, p = .28). The average slopes of amplitude and comfort level were not strongly correlated with any auditory outcomes (p > .05).

Conclusions

Intraoperative NRT was not correlated with any postoperative functional auditory outcomes. Patient counseling should include discussions that a subpar intraoperative cochlear response does not preclude favorable speech and auditory outcomes.
Upper Airway Stimulation in Female Patients: Safety and Efficacy of a Novel Lateral Approach
Authors: Morse Elliot , Dodhia Sonam , Suurna Maria
Published: February 2023

Objective

To describe a novel lateral approach for hypoglossal nerve stimulator (HNS) implantation in women and provide evidence for its safety and efficacy.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Setting

Single academic medical center.

Methods

We identified patients implanted with HNS by a single surgeon from January 2017 to December 2021. Patient characteristics, postoperative complications, surgical duration, response to therapy, and need for revision surgery were recorded.

Results

One hundred four patients were included, including 93 males and 11 females. The lateral approach for HNS implantation involves placing the chest incision for the implantable pulse generator and respiratory sensor lead vertically in the anterior axillary line instead of horizontally in the infraclavicular area. No changes are made to the stimulator lead placement. All female patients were implanted using a lateral approach and all male patients were implanted via the standard anterior approach. Half of the patients were implanted via a 2‐incision technique. The median surgical time duration was equivalent in male and female patients (119 [interquartile range (IQR): 105‐138] vs 126 [IQR: 115‐141], respectively). Revision was required in 2 (18%) females versus 6 (6%) males (p = .17). There were equivalent rates of therapy response as well as postoperative complications.

Conclusion

A more cosmetic lateral approach is feasible for HNS in female patients and has a similar rate of adverse events and therapy responsiveness. Additional considerations in female patients include the ability to tolerate mammography as well as HNS implantation in the setting of existing breast implants.
Revision Endoscopic Posterior Costal Cartilage Grafting: Is It Feasible?
Authors: Redmann Andrew J. , Moore Charles , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Tabangin Meredith E. , Wilcox Lyndy , Smith Matthew M. , Hart Catherine K. , Rutter Michael J. , de Alarcon Alessandro
Published: February 2023

The objective of this work is to examine the feasibility of revision endoscopic posterior costal cartilage graft (EPCCG) placement for posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) and bilateral vocal fold immobility (BVFI). Revision and primary cases were compared with respect to decannulation rates, and it was hypothesized that there would be no difference in outcomes. Twenty‐one patients met inclusion criteria (14 primary, 7 revision). Thirteen (62%) had a primary indication of PGS, and 8 (42%) were for BVFI. There were no differences between revision and primary groups with respect to age, gender, or comorbidities (p > .05). There was no difference between groups with respect to decannulation rate (85% primary vs 100% revision, p = .32). Thus, revision EPCCG appears to have comparable results to primary EPCCG with respect to decannulation rate and time to decannulation. EPCCG may be a feasible alternative to open airway reconstruction for PGS and BVFI in selected patients.
Endoscopic Versus Open Surgical Intervention for Congenital Laryngeal Webs: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Moore Abigail E. , Walker Austin , Kanotra Sohit Paul
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To examine and compare the outcomes of various surgical interventions for congenital laryngeal webs in terms of avoidance of tracheostomy, rate of decannulation, web recurrence, revision surgery, and mortality in children.

Data Sources

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review was conducted on December 10, 2021, using a comprehensive search in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Embase with no date restriction.

Review Methods

Articles on surgical intervention for congenital laryngeal webs in pediatric (<18 years) patients were included in the analysis. Articles including acquired laryngeal webs, no surgical intervention, or exclusively adult population were excluded.

Results

9027 articles were reviewed, 24 articles met the inclusion criteria and 126 patients were included. In patients with Grades I and II webs, there was no significant difference in rates of tracheostomy or decannulation, between endoscopic (100%) versus open approach (100%). For Grades III and IV webs, 96% of patients who received open surgery were decannulated or avoided tracheostomy compared to 84% of those managed endoscopically (p = 0.081). There were significantly lower rates of revision surgery in the open group compared to the endoscopic group (77.8% vs 30.9%, p = 0.008).

Conclusion

This study showed no difference in rates of tracheostomy, decannulation, web recurrence, revision, or mortality between endoscopic and open approaches for the treatment of Grades I and II webs. For Grades III and IV, open surgical techniques achieved a lower revision rate. Results should be interpreted in light of associated increased morbidity with open procedures.
Assessment of Muscular Weakness in Severe Sleep Apnea Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: O'Connor‐Reina Carlos , Rodriguez‐Alcala Laura , Ignacio Jose M. , Baptista Peter , Garcia‐Iriarte María T. , Plaza Guillermo
Published: February 2023

Objective

There are no official diagnostic tools to evaluate the weakness of the genioglossus muscle. We have developed a protocol for muscular assessment in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea‐hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and evaluated its effectiveness.

Study Design

Case and controls prospective study.

Setting

Sleep Unit Hospital Quironsalud Marbella (Spain).

Methods

Twenty‐nine cases and 20 controls were recruited. Patients were examined by a phonoaudiologist that performed biometric measurements and the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation With Scores (OMES), Friedman, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). In addition, upper airway muscle strength measures were performed using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI) and Tongue Digital Spoon (TDS).

Results

The final cohort consisted of 49 subjects, including 29 cases and 20 controls. According to the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, ESS, OMES protocol, IOPI score, and TDS were associated with severe OSAHS. Multivariate regression revealed an IOPI score below 48 kps with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 9.96 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5‐39.1, p = .001), and a 0.72 specificity (Spe), a 0.79 sensitivity (Sens), and a 0.82 area under the curve (AUC). Similarly, an OMES score lower than 200 had an adjusted risk ratio of 4.02 (95% CI 2‐7, p < .001), 1 Spe, 0.79 Sens, and 0.98 AUC; and finally, TDS scores lower than 201 g/cm2 showed an adjusted OR of 27 (95% CI 4.74‐153.6, p = .0001), 0.66 Spe, a 0.93 Sens, and a 0.86 AUC.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that severe OSAHS patients present different muscle patterns than controls.
Impact of hydrometeor control variables in a convective‐scale 3DEnVar data assimilation scheme
Authors: Destouches Mayeul , Montmerle Thibaut , Michel Yann , Caron Jean‐François
Published: February 2023

Initialization of condensate water variables for convective‐scale weather forecasting has been a topic of active research for the last few years. In this article, we present the addition of hydrometeor fields as control variables of a three‐dimensional ensemble variational scheme (3DEnVar) for the cloud‐resolving model AROME‐France. Even without any direct assimilation of hydrometeor observations, analysis increments of hydrometeors can be produced via covariances with observed variables in the ensemble‐derived background‐error covariance matrix. Cycled forecast–analysis experiments in near‐operational conditions have been performed over a three‐month summer period. Three configurations are compared: (i) a control experiment without hydrometeor control variables, (ii) a test experiment with hydrometeor control variables but without cycling the resulting forecasts, and (iii) an experiment with hydrometeor variables and cycled forecasts. Compared with the control experiment, both hydrometeor experiments show a positive impact up to 9 hr of forecasts in terms of cloud cover, and in the first hour for precipitation. The spin‐up period, as evidenced by a reduction of precipitation forecast skill at the beginning of the forecasts, is reduced in length and intensity in the hydrometeor experiments.
Life cycle assessment of next generation non‐metallic bridges
Authors: Zerin Arifa Iffat , Kasuga Akio
Published: February 2023

Employments of highly durable low carbon technologies are crucial for mitigation of climate change ensuring sustainable infrastructures. In this perspective, a challenging initiative for ultra‐high durability low carbon prestressed concrete bridges utilizing sustainable zero cement concrete (STC‐ZERO) and non‐metallic reinforcement is undertaken. STC‐ZERO exhibiting high strength, low shrinkage, and low creep reduces carbon emission up to 70% compared to the conventional concrete as cement is entirely replaced. Aramid fiber PC tendons have no factor of deterioration of concrete thanks to nonexistence of corrosion. Accordingly, an AASTHO‐PCI BT‐72 PC girder bridge and a butterfly web bridge are designed incorporating this combination and compared with corresponding conventional bridges with respect to whole life carbon emissions. Since there are no repair and rehabilitation requirements, the whole life carbon emissions of next generation non‐metallic bridges are expected to be reduced by around 70%.
Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossils: 16
Authors: Herendeen Patrick S.
Published: February 2023

The following five generic names are recommended for conservation: Tetraphyllum Griff. ex C.B. Clarke against Tetraphyllum Hosius & Marck, Steinhauera C. Presl against Steinhauera Göpp., Podozamites against Preissleria, Klukia Racib. against Klukia Andrz. ex Besser, Ficoxylon against Ungerites. The following two species names are recommended for conservation: Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. against P. pseudostrobus Brongn., Magnolia oblonga (Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson) Figlar against M. oblonga M. Chandler. The committee judged the names Notothylacites Němejc & Pacltová and Notothylites Chitaley & Yawale are not sufficiently alike to be confused and should not be treated as homonyms.
“Don't Take Our Space”: Strategies, Agency, and Resistance in the White Space of a Dual Language Program
Authors: Martinez Negrette Giselle
Published: February 2023

This ethnographic case study investigates one dual language (DL) program in the midwestern United States. Drawing on concepts of “The White Space” (Anderson, 2015) and spaces of multilingualism (Blommaert et al., 2005), it explores the social perceptions, actions, and normative sensibilities of young children in a DL program where people of color are “typically absent, not expected, or marginalized when present” (Anderson, 2015, p. 10). This study shows how students and teachers co‐construct DL spaces and highlights how racially minoritized children resist, navigate, and (re)shape relationships in the White Space of the program. The article concludes by encouraging researchers and teacher educators to support DL teachers in their development of a critical consciousness to help them name and counteract inequities in DL programs.
A geometrical approach to nontrivial topology via exotic spinors
Authors: da Silva J. M. Hoff , Cavalcanti R. T. , Beghetto D. , da Rocha G. M. Caires
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Exotic spinors arise in non-simply connected base manifolds due to the nonequivalent spinor structure. The dynamics of exotic spinors are endowed with an additional differential factor. In this work, we merge the exotic spinor scenario with Cartan’s spinor viewpoint, according to which a given spacetime point is understood as a kind of composition of spinor entries. As a result, we arrive at a geometrical setup in which the Minkowski metric is perturbed by elements reflecting the nontrivial topology. Such corrections shall be felt by any physical system studied with the resulting bilinear form. Within the flat spacetime context, we investigate quasinormal modes arising from the interference of nontrivial topology in the scalar field dispersion relation.
State-dependent Riccati equation feedback stabilization for nonlinear PDEs
Authors: Alla Alessandro , Kalise Dante , Simoncini Valeria
Published: February 2023

The synthesis of suboptimal feedback laws for controlling nonlinear dynamics arising from semi-discretized PDEs is studied. An approach based on the State-dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) is presented for 2 and ∞ control problems. Depending on the nonlinearity and the dimension of the resulting problem, offline, online, and hybrid offline-online alternatives to the SDRE synthesis are proposed. The hybrid offline-online SDRE method reduces to the sequential solution of Lyapunov equations, effectively enabling the computation of suboptimal feedback controls for two-dimensional PDEs. Numerical tests for the Sine-Gordon, degenerate Zeldovich, and viscous Burgers’ PDEs are presented, providing a thorough experimental assessment of the proposed methodology.
Catalytic Oxidation of Propane and Carbon Monoxide by Pd Nanoparticles on Mn/TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Camposeco Roberto , Castillo Salvador , Zanella Rodolfo
Published: February 2023

The present work shows experimental results on the catalytic oxidation of C3H8and CO by Pd nanoparticles supported on MnOx/TiO2synthesized by the sol–gel method. The results show a strong interaction between Pd and MnOx/TiO2; likewise, the annealing temperature of the TiO2support modified the catalytic properties of the Pd–MnOx/TiO2catalyst. In this line, the catalysts with 1 and 2 wt% of Pd loading supported on MnOx/TiO2showed outstanding catalytic activity oxidizing C3H8and CO within two temperature intervals: 200–400 °C and 25–200 °C, respectively. The Pd–MnOx/TiO2catalyst also displayed very high stability during long-term tests and the addition of Pd nanoparticles reduced greatly the oxidation temperature of MnOx/TiO2. The outcomes revealed that the Pd–Mn interaction promoted the formation of new Pd0/Pd2+active sites as well as the formation of oxygen vacancies and reduced Ti4+to Ti3+species, which led to the improvement of the Mn3+and Mn4+redox features, thus boosting the catalytic oxidation capacity of the Pd–MnOx/TiO2catalyst.

Graphical Abstract
Environmental factors influencing DDT–DDE spatial distribution in an agricultural drainage system determined by using machine learning techniques
Authors: Melendez-Pastor Ignacio , Lopez-Granado Otoniel M. , Navarro-Pedreño Jose , Hernández Encarni I. , Jordán Vidal Manuel M. , Gómez Lucas Ignacio
Published: February 2023

The presence and persistence of pesticides in the environment are environmental problems of great concern due to the health implications for humans and wildlife. The persistence of DDT–DDE in a Mediterranean coastal plain where pesticides were widely used and were banned decades ago is the aim of this study. Different sources of analytical information from water and soil analysis and topography and geographical variables were combined with the purpose of analyzing which environmental factors are more likely to condition the spatial distribution of DDT–DDE in the drainage watercourses of the area. An approach combining machine learning techniques, such as Random Forest and Mutual Information (MI), for classifying DDT–DDE concentration levels based on other environmental predictive variables was applied. In addition, classification procedure was iteratively performed with different training/validation partitions in order to extract the most informative parameters denoted by the highest MI scores and larger accuracy assessment metrics. Distance to drain canals, soil electrical conductivity, and soil sand texture fraction were the most informative environmental variables for predicting DDT–DDE water concentration clusters.
Efficiency of spatial sampling designs in estimating abundance and species richness of carabids at the landscape level
Authors: Thiele Jan , Schulte auf’m Erley Gunda , Glemnitz Michael , Gabriel Doreen
Published: February 2023

Context

Declining biodiversity in agricultural landscapes has increased the need for research and monitoring of insect abundance and diversity at the landscape level.

Objectives

We investigated the accuracy of different spatial sampling designs in estimating landscape-level abundance and species richness of carabids in agricultural landscapes and, further, which sample size per landscape section was required and whether dominating land use or landscape subdivision affected accuracy and required sample size.

Methods

We developed a simulation model that created raster maps of agricultural landscapes, compiled local carabid communities (species composition and abundances) within raster cells and simulated the sampling of carabids with pitfall traps using different spatial sampling designs and sample sizes between 4 and 49 sampling points per landscape section. Spatial sampling designs included random, systematic grid-based, stratified and clustered schemes.

Results

To estimate landscape-level abundance, area-proportional stratified random sampling was most accurate followed by systematic grid-based designs. A sample size of 25 appeared to be the best trade-off between accuracy and sampling cost. Accuracy was not affected substantially by landscape characteristics in most cases. With respect to species richness, all designs except for clustered sampling had comparable accuracies, but even 49 samples were not sufficient to detect 80% of the species.

Conclusion

Systematic grid-based designs are generally recommendable for sampling of carabids in agricultural landscapes and, in case a carabid-specific habitat classification is available, area-proportional stratified random sampling provides optimal accuracy for estimating landscape-level abundance. For assessment of species richness, large sample size is more important than spatial sampling design.
A projection continuation approach for minimal coordinate set constrained dynamics
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zanoni Andrea , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: February 2023

The formulation of constrained system dynamics using coordinate projection onto a subspace locally tangent to the constraint manifold is revisited using the QR factorization of the constraint Jacobian matrix to extract a suitable subspace and integrating the evolution of the QR factorization along with that of the constraint Jacobian matrix, as the solution evolves. A true continuation algorithm is thus proposed to track the evolution of the subspace of independent coordinates. It does not visibly affect the quality of the solution but avoids the artificial algorithmic irregularities or discontinuities in the generalized velocities that could otherwise result from arbitrary reparameterizations of the coordinate set. The characteristics of the proposed subspace evolution approach are exemplified by solving simple single- and multi-degree-of-freedom problems.
Frontal Changes of Gangotri Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, between 1935 and 2022
Authors: Bhambri Rakesh , Sain Kalachand , Chand Pritam , Srivastava Deepak , Tiwari Sameer K. , Yadav Jairam Singh
Published: February 2023

Gangotri Glacier is one of the most thoroughly investigated glaciers in the Indian Himalaya in terms of terminus monitoring. This study aims to update the frontal retreat of Gangotri Glacier between 1935 and 2022 using a large scale Geological Survey of India map, remote sensing images, and repeated photography. Gangotri Glacier's retreat rate varied significantly during the study period. This glacier receded by 1727 ± 51m (19.8 ± 0.2 m a-1) between 1935 and 2022. The retreat of Gangotri Glacier decreased from 2001 to 2006 (7.0 ± 4.0 m a-1) compared to the previous observation (1980–2001; 21.0 ± 1.2 m a-1) but increased about three times between 2006 and 2017 (21.9 ± 1.9 m a-1). Furthermore, from 2017 to 2022, the frontal retreat accelerated by about 1.5 times (33.8 ± 6.7 m a-1) compared to the period between 2006 and 2017. The findings of the present study are consistent with ground based survey conducted by the Geological Survey of India.
Impact of Aquifer Sediments - Minerals - Groundwater Interaction on Hydrochemistry, Aligarh District, Central Ganga Plain, India
Authors: Ahmad Sarfaraz , Arif M Ribie Bin , Ansari Mohd Uvaish , Islam Sharib , Ali Syed Ghufran
Published: February 2023

The sedimentological/mineralogical characteristics of the aquifer material have been determined and their impact on groundwater chemistry is evaluated in the Aligarh district. It is found that 35 % of the aquifer is characterized by sand fraction containing (17-8) % of plagioclase and rock fragment (4-5%). Dominant aquifer material (silt and clay) fraction is dominated by plagioclase, K-feldspar, calcite, chlorite, kaolinite/mica, and halite. Spatial variation in relative positions and thickness of aquifer of silt, clay, and sandy layers resulting to particular hydro-chemical types. Major ions in groundwater shows a high degree of spatial variation along with multisource for the ions. Water quality index suggests that 22% of the water samples fall under the unsuitable category in the area characterized by aquifer material dominant with clay layers.

Groundwater types in the area are dominated by Na+–Cl– and Ca2+ – HCO3–, Ca+2 Mg+ – HCO3– Ca+2 Mg+2 – Cl– (mixed type). Silicate weathering, Carbonates, salt dissolution, and base ion exchange are the major mechanisms that control the major ionic composition of the groundwater. It is saturated with calcite, dolomite, chalcedony, and Mg-silicate (Sepiolite). The unstable Speiolite under climate conditions prevails in the region rapidly change to smectite clay, which constitutes a major clay mineral of Indo-Gangetic alluvium.

ANN (Artificial Neural Networking) analysis indicated that irrigation quality parameters Permeability Index (PI) and Na% are showing strong relation with selected parameters EC, and Na+ concentration. SAR values mostly depend on Na+, Mg+2 conc. and EC, while residual sodium carbonate (RSC) of groundwater can be predicted using Mg2+, HCO3–, and Ca2+ concentration in groundwater.
Exploring Geomorphic Features in Lower Sabarmati River Basin as Signatures of Palaeoenvironmental Change, Gujarat: A Remote Sensing Approach
Authors: Desai Nikul P. , Shukla Shital H. , Tandon Aashna
Published: February 2023

The aim of this work is to unravel the role of geomorphic indicators and/or signatures to be used as evidence for palaeo-environmental changes and other forcing mechanisms from the lower reaches of the Sabarmati river basin, Gujarat, India region. In the present study, geomorphic features have been used as archives to debate the past land-sea interactions using satellite imagery. In the lower reaches of the Sabarmati river, a number of meanders, sinuosity changes, palaeochannels, and scroll plains have been identified. As a result of the rise and fall of the sea during the Holocene period, the changes in hydrodynamic and steady-state conditions of the river can be visualized in terms of changes in landforms. Thus, the intriguing geomorphic landforms in the lower portions of the Sabarmati basin delineate the likely archives and signs of previous environmental change, in particularly ~ the relative sea level change. This approach provides first-hand documentation of the fluvial evolution under the direct impact of the varying forcing mechanisms. This attempt shows the effectiveness of satellite images in unravelling the clues to past changes from the landscape in a fast and insightful manner.
Delineation of Paleochannel and Groundwater Resources in the Khari River Basin, Kachchh using Transient Electromagnetics
Authors: Nikam Rakesh , Kumar G. Pavan , Prasad A. Durga , Chaube Himanshu , Chopra Sumer
Published: February 2023

The paleochannels are riverine geomorphic features, which are either buried or shifted due to tectonic, climate, and anthropogenic activities. In general, these channels serve as potential groundwater repositories, and their identification can help in developing potable groundwater sources. Here, the results of transient electromagnetic (TEM) study carried out near and around the Khari river basin of the tectonically active Kachchh intraplate region, western India are presented. The TEM investigations at 22 sites along three traverses have been carried out in the river basin that cut the present-day river channel and its presumed paleochannel. The geoelectric sections of the three profiles decipher information down to 300-350m and suggest a multilayer aquifer system. The sub-surface model infers a deeper confined aquifer at variable depths from 100-150m associated with the river as well as its paleochannel. The paleochannel aquifer is observed to be buried under 15-20m thick unconsolidated sediments that overlie a Mesozoic sandstone layer of the Bhuj Formation. The resistivity sections across the paleochannel suggest a relatively fresh aquifer layer with higher storage capacity. A vertical bedrock offset of 100-120m and the discontinuity of lithostratigraphic layers observed from the study suggest the dominant tectonic control in the formation of the paleochannel that correlated with the location of the reactivated splay of the Katrol Hill Fault.
Using Spatial Autocorrelation for the Hypsometric Integral to Differentiate Geology and Neotectonics: A Case Study in Bailongjiang Drainage Basin (Eastern Tibet Plateau)
Authors: Chang Zhiyang
Published: February 2023

Hypsometric integral (HI) has been widely used in Geomorphology study as an index to depict the recent and active structures for its sensitivity to the influence of tectonic and different lithology. The traditional methods to study HI often use drainage basins, this may be dependent on basin geometry and drainage area. To avoid this influence, HIs using two digital elevation models of 30 and 90 m of pixels resolution were calculated in Bailongjiang basin. The relations between relief amplitude, mean elevation and HI are also analysed in different analytical window. Meanwhile, spatial pattern analysis using Global Moran’s index and Getis-Ord Gi* index was applied to measure the spatial autocorrelation of HI and the distribution of hot spots. It can be concluded that spatial distributions of HI do not show clear spatial patterns and correlation with mean elevation and relief amplitude. HI are independent of the resolution of DEM and lithology but are scale influenced. The hot spots define the upliftment of the region and active faults in the upstream of Bailongjiang basin, the cold spots define tectonic inactivity or subsidence in the downstream of Bailongjiang and some river valley regions.
Determination of Radon Concentration in Groundwater of Areekode Region, Kerala, India - A Case Study
Authors: Ravi H.R. , Sajan C.P. , Bapat Prasad N. , Madhukumar D.M. , Mokbel Ghalib Wadie Ahmed , Mansoor Almoliki Mohammed
Published: February 2023

The primary factors in the radiation exposure received by the human population from soil and water are natural radioactivity, uranium isotopes, and thorium isotopes. High levels of nuclear radiation exposure are now one of the leading causes of cancer. Radon and its offspring in the biosphere have long been the topic of research. Various experts from all over the world have undertaken several investigations on the quantity of radon in surface and groundwater supplies. An attempt was made to measure the levels of radon in groundwater in and around Areekode using a smart radon monitor (SRM) developed by the Baba Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in Mumbai. Groundwater/Bore well water in this region had 222Rn in concentrations ranging from 0.37±0.03Bq/L to 3.53±0.10Bq/L. The environmental protection agency’s allowable limit of 11.1 kBq/m3 was met by all of the samples.
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Signalling in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage: Basic Science to Clinical Translation
Authors: Gaastra Ben , Zhang John , Tapper Will , Bulters Diederik , Galea Ian
Published: February 2023

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is generated intracellularly and, when transported to the extracellular compartment, predominantly signals through S1P receptors. The S1P signalling pathway has been implicated in the pathophysiology of neurological injury following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). In this review, we bring together all the available data regarding the role of S1P in neurological injury following aSAH. There is agreement in the literature that S1P increases in the cerebrospinal fluid following aSAH and leads to cerebral artery vasospasm. On the other hand, the role of S1P in the parenchyma is less clear cut, with different studies arguing for beneficial and deleterious effects. A parsimonious interpretation of this apparently conflicting data is presented. We discuss the potential of S1P receptor modulators, in clinical use for multiple sclerosis, to be repurposed for aSAH. Finally, we highlight the gaps in our knowledge of S1P signalling in humans, the clinical challenges of targeting the S1P pathway after aSAH and other research priorities.
Qualitatively investigating factors contributing to poor health and influencing unhealthy behaviour uptake in deprived areas within the UK
Authors: Stockton James , Liu Steve , Halsall Jamie P. , Ndzogoue Nadege
Published: February 2023

Background

Understanding determinants affecting poor health outcomes and influencing unhealthy behaviours within deprived areas is becoming increasingly common. This study was to investigate the participants’ Healthy Eating and Active Living (HEAL) behaviours; their attitudes, thoughts and experiences and the association with the Social Ecological Model (SEM) which could influence health behaviours.

Method

Data collection occurred in Barnsley an area with high levels of deprivation and health disparities. Information was gathered 97 participants across focus groups and one-to-one interviews. Questions were formulated around HEAL and SEM and questioned origin and maintenance of modifiable behaviours affecting physical activity, diet, and long-term behaviour. Deductive Thematic Analysis (Braun and Clarke in Qual Res Sport Exercise Health 11(4), 589-597, 2019) was used to analyse data.

Findings

Three themes were identified: Diet and access to unhealthy options, mental health, and attitudes towards government interventions. SEM examined the effectiveness of community level interventions whilst considering the individual responsibility associated with HEAL.

Discussion

Within research area, attitudes towards HEAL are deeply impacting participants, many of these attitudes originate from childhood transferred from parents. This transference may explain why many deprived areas within England suffer from worse health outcomes, as inherited beliefs result in negative HEAL behavior manifesting in long term health problems. National interventions provided good information; but were hampered by a lack of effective dissemination to the general population. Local interventions often had more success in effectively engaging local people, but participants reported frequent shuttering of local interventions due to funding issues.
Attitudes towards diversity, equity, and inclusion across the CTSA Programs: Strong but not uniform support and commitment
Authors: Duong Jeffrey , McIntosh Scott , Attia Jacqueline , Michener J. Lloyd , Cottler Linda B. , Aguilar-Gaxiola Sergio A.
Published: February 2023

Background:

This study describes attitudes towards diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) among members of the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) Program. It also explores associations between program members’ roles and their perceived importance of and commitment to improving DEI and assesses the link between perceived importance of and commitment to improving DEI. Lastly, it ascertains barriers and priorities concerning health equity research, workforce development, CTSA consortium leadership, and clinical trials participation among respondents.

Methods:

A survey was administered to registrants of the virtual CTSA Program 2020 Fall Meeting. Respondents reported their roles, perceived importance of and commitment to improving DEI. Bivariate cross-tabulations and structural equation modeling examined associations between respondents’ roles, perceived importance of DEI, and commitment to improving DEI. Grounded theory was used to code and analyze open-ended questions.

Results:

Among 796 registrants, 231 individuals completed the survey. DEI was “extremely important” among 72.7 percent of respondents and lowest among UL1 PIs (66.7%). Being “extremely committed” to improving DEI was reported by 56.3 percent of respondents and lowest among “other staff” (49.6%). Perceived importance of DEI was positively associated with commitment to improve DEI. Institutional and CTSA Commitment, Support, and Prioritization of DEI represented a key theme for improving DEI among respondents.

Conclusion:

Clinical and translational science organizations must take bold steps to transform individual perceptions of DEI into commitment and commitment into action. Institutions must set visionary objectives spanning leadership, training, research, and clinical trials research to meet the promise and benefits of a diverse NIH-supported workforce.
Dynamics of mass polar spheroids during sedimentation
Authors: Nissanka Kavinda , Ma Xiaolei , Burton Justin C.
Published: February 2023

The dynamics of sedimenting particles under gravity are surprisingly complex due to the presence of effective long-ranged forces. When the particles are polar with a well-defined symmetry axis and non-uniform density, recent theoretical predictions suggest that prolate objects will repel and oblate ones will weakly attract. We tested these predictions using mass polar prolate spheroids, which are composed of 2 mm spheres glued together. We probed different aspect ratios (

$\kappa$

) and centre of mass variations (

$\chi$

) by combining spheres of different densities. Experiments were done in both quasi-two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) chambers. By optically tracking the motion of single particles, we found that the dynamics were well described by a reduced mobility matrix model that could be solved analytically. Pairs of particles exhibited an effective repulsion, and their separation roughly scaled as

$(\kappa - 1)/\chi ^{0.39}$

, i.e. particles that were more prolate or had smaller mass asymmetry had stronger repulsion effects. In three dimensions, particles with

$\chi >0$

were distributed more uniformly than

$\chi =0$

particles, and the degree of uniformity increased with

$\kappa$

, indicating that the effective 2-body repulsion manifests for a large number of particles.
The number of K-tons in the coupon collector problem
Authors: Saunders John C.
Published: February 2023

Consider the coupon collector problem where each box of a brand of cereal contains a coupon and there are n different types of coupons. Suppose that the probability of a box containing a coupon of a specific type is
$1/n$
, and that we keep buying boxes until we collect at least m coupons of each type. For
$k\geq m$
call a certain coupon a k-ton if we see it k times by the time we have seen m copies of all of the coupons. Here we determine the asymptotic distribution of the number of k-tons after we have collected m copies of each coupon for any k in a restricted range, given any fixed m. We also determine the asymptotic joint probability distribution over such values of k, and the total number of coupons collected.
A review of ship collision risk assessment, hotspot detection and path planning for maritime traffic control in restricted waters
Authors: Yu Hongchu , Meng Qiang , Fang Zhixiang , Liu Jingxian , Xu Lei
Published: February 2023

The three research topics, ship collision risk assessment, ship traffic hotspot detection and prediction, and collision-avoidance based ship path planning, are vital for next-generation vessel traffic management and monitoring systems. The system development is closely related to big data analytics and artificial intelligence for restricted waters. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the state-of-the art of these three topics over the latest decade, identify research gaps, and shed light on future research avenues. To achieve these three objectives, we critically and systematically review related articles that were published during the period between 2011 and 2021. We believe that this comprehensive and critical literature review would have a significant and profound impact on the formal safety assessment and vessel traffic management, and monitoring studies because it is not only an extension but also an essential continuity work of the literature review on maritime waterway risk assessment and prediction, as well as ship path guidance for ship collision risk mitigation in accordance with current automation vessels development and modern intelligent port construction.
“Call Me by My Name:” A “Strange and Incomprehensible” Passion in the Polish Kresy of the 1920s
Authors: Karczewski Kamil
Published: February 2023

The article demonstrates the presence of (homo)sexual subjectivity in rural Poland in the early 1920s using remarkable correspondence between two men who stood trial for committing homosexual acts in 1925. It argues that their relationship should be understood as the first documented same-sex secret marriage in Poland. By investigating relations between urban and rural spaces in the spread of sexual knowledge in the Second Republic, the article also analyzes how changing notions of male friendship and masculinity at the time could be used by men loving men to develop and pursue their own distinctive visions of love and pleasure.