bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of vector concept understanding and its correlation with basic mathematical abilities of prospective science teachers
Authors: Pranata Ogi Danika
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the relationship between basic mathematical skills and the understanding of vector concepts among 54 prospective science teachers enrolled in basic physics and basic math courses. The research employed a descriptive and correlational quantitative approach, utilizing data from vector tests and basic mathematics assessments administered during the courses. Descriptive statistical analyses revealed that participants showed varying levels of proficiency in both vector understanding and basic mathematical abilities, with average scores indicating a moderate level of competence overall. Correlational analysis using Pearson correlation coefficients found a significant positive relationship (r=0.477, ρ=0.001 ) between basic mathematical skills and the understanding of vector concepts, suggesting that higher proficiency in basic mathematical skills corresponds to better understanding of vector concepts. Further analysis segmented by dimensions of vector operations indicated stronger correlations in two-dimensional vector understanding (r=0.503, ρ=0.000 ) compared to one-dimensional operations (r=0.348, ρ=0.014 ). Basic geometry emerged as the most influential predictor of understanding of vector concepts, exhibiting the highest correlation with both overall understanding of vector concepts (r=0.444, ρ=0.001 ) and 2D understanding of vector concepts (r=0.430, ρ=0.0021 ). These findings underscore the critical role of mathematical competence, particularly in geometric reasoning, in facilitating conceptual understanding in physics education. In conclusion, strengthening basic mathematics skills among prospective science teachers is essential for enhancing their ability to teach and understand physics, particularly in topics like vectors. Future research should explore instructional strategies to address gaps in math-physics integration.
Digital language instruction in Ethiopian high schools: Digital literacy, utilization, and challenges
Authors: Welesilassie Merih Welay , Gerencheal Berhane
Published: December 2024

The integration of technology in all aspects of learning is crucial for the efficient execution of the teaching and learning process. Technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) signifies the optimal technology integration in the educational domain. In this vein, the present study investigated the level of TPACK among English teachers. The study employed an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, gathering quantitative data from 58 English teachers and qualitative data from 15 English teachers through purposive sampling. Our findings revealed that the teachers exhibited strong content and pedagogical knowledge but needed more technology-related knowledge. Moreover, we found that the teachers did not utilize digital tools to teach English due to challenges like insufficient digital infrastructure, limited digital literacy, and a lack of professional development opportunities. The study also proposes policy reforms and institutional support to overcome these challenges, emphasizing the need for targeted digital literacy training and resource allocation. Several practical implications were discussed for English as a foreign language teachers, institutions, and policymakers. The research findings are valuable; however, it is important to acknowledge the study’s limitations in generalizability. These limitations are primarily attributed to the sample size and the specific contextual factors. As a result, there is a need for future research that encompasses a broader range of educational settings in order to enhance the applicability of the findings. The results contribute to understanding how technology integration can be improved in Ethiopian high schools, fostering better educational outcomes.
In addition to tension stress having an effect on the intensity of pitting corrosion of low-carbon tubular steels
Authors: Zhuikov Ilia , Bolobov Victor , Popov Grigory
Published: December 2024

A significant part of accidents on trunk lines are ensured by metal corrosion. The most dangerous form of corrosion of trunk lines is location-action (pitting) corrosion of the inner wall of the pipe. An important factor in the corrosion process of the inner wall of a trunk line is the stress-strain state of the pipe metal, which impact on the intensity of pitting corrosion has been underexplored. This article presents the results of a study of the effect of tensile stresses on the intensity of pitting corrosion of low-carbon tube steels St3 and 08sk grades. As part of the study, corrosion tests of steel samples in stressed and non-stressed states were carried out, followed by determination of the depth of formed corrosion pits using a photometric technique. It is shown that for steel samples in a stressed state at a stress level of 0,7 with flow limit σT of the analyzed steels, the rate of pit depths increased 2,3 times for steel St3 and 1,2 times for steel 08sk compared with non-stressed samples, which significantly exceeds the value of a similar factor for the rate of general corrosion.At the same time, the obtained values of the mechanochemical coefficients also turned out to be higher than in case of a general corrosion – 0,0059 and 0,0014 MPa-1 compared to 0,0011. The authors explain the more intense effect of the stress state on the rate of pitting corrosion by the occurrence of stresses in the metal of the bottom part of the corrosion pits, which are significantly greater than the stresses occurring in the rest of the metal of the subsurface layer of the sample subjected to general corrosion.
Production of cermet in a combustion mode by means of infiltration of Cu + Ti melt into porous titanium carbide
Authors: Latukhin Evgeniy , Kondratieva Lyudmila
Published: December 2024

Results for the interaction of a hot porous titanium carbide frame obtained in the mode of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis with a copper-titanium melt, are presented. The studies were carried out using two types of samples: without and with preheating up to 300 ºC before synthesis in a furnace. The samples were flat compressed tabs of stock material consisting of two layers with different composition. The lower layer was Ti and C stock, and the upper layer was a mixture of Ti and Cu. The process of sample synthesis was carried out in air. After the reaction took place in the lower layer of the samples and the formation of a porous titanium carbide frame, in both samples the upper layer melted and was absorbed into the lower layer unreservedly. X-ray phase analysis of the central part of the sample showed the presence of three phases – Ti, Cu and Cu3Ti. It was found that the resulting composite was a porous TiC frame impregnated with an alloy of copper and titanium. Titanium carbide grains had a largely non-stoichiometric composition and were polyhedral particles of an average size of 20 microns, as well as particles of stoichiometric composition with a size of no more than 10 microns. An intermetallic compound was found in some areas on the surface of TiC particles in the form of a thin film. In addition, it was found that preheating the initial sample in a furnace to 300 ºC before synthesis increases the content of stoichiometric titanium carbide in the obtained cermet.
Wear simulation for rolling friction with sliding movement
Authors: Shilov Michael , Korolev Pavel
Published: December 2024

The paper views mathematical and numerical models of wear of elastomeric materials developed by the authors in dead rolling with sliding movement. When developing a mathematical model, classical ideas about the kinematic characteristics of a massive elastomeric tire rolling along the abrasive surface of the disc were used. To describe the intensity of wear, the model uses the concepts of wear formulated by D. Archard and modified in relation to the studied objects - rubber-based resin elastics SRI-3 and SRS-30–ARKM-15 rubbers reinforced with carbon nanostructures. The numerical implementation of the mathematical model is performed in the Matlab software package. In order to simplify the numerical calculation, it was decided to switch the rolling slip model to the pure sliding model. The choice of the integration step in time allowed to stabilize the instability of the solution. Thus, the numerical model examined sliding of an elastomeric cylinder along the abrasive surface of the disk at a speed equal to the sliding speed and varying the normal load. The finite element method (FEM) was used as a numerical calculation method. At a fixed depth of indentation, the verification of the developed model was carried out. According to the simulation results, the dependences of the wear intensity of an elastomeric material on the magnitude of specific pressures are obtained. A comparative analysis of the simulation results and the data obtained experimentally make it possible to determine the difference at the level of 20 percent, which may be due to the limitations of the model when thermal characteristics of the materials are not taken into consideration. Thus, the developed model has demonstrated its viability and will be further refined upon taking into account the identified limitations.
PERFIL CLÍNICO DE IDOSOS COM LESÃO POR PRESSÃO INTERNADOS EM UM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
Authors: Ferreira Lima Camboim Ana Vitória , Santana Pereira Carreiro Gisele , Dos Santos Silva Braz Kananda Milca , Guimarães Oliveira Soares Maria Júlia , Soares Dantas Janislei , Alves Silva Valkênia , Guimarães de Souza Matheus
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A lesão por pressão é um agravo de saúde pública que comumente é encontrada em pacientes idosos durante o período de internação hospitalar. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo descrever o perfil clínico dos idosos com LP internados em um hospital universitário. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal, do tipo documental e delineamento quantitativo a partir de fontes primárias. Foi desenvolvido nas Unidades de Clínica médica, Clínica cirúrgica e Terapia Intensiva adulta, de um Hospital Universitário público localizado na cidade de João Pessoa – PB, considerando as lesões notificadas no período de setembro de 2017 a setembro de 2019. Resultados: Obteve-se os seguintes resultados a partir de informações contidas em 104 prontuários; 43 (41,3%) dos pacientes tinham de 60 a 70 anos, 55 (52,9%) eram do sexo feminino, 24 (23,1%) apresentaram sobrepeso e 16 (15,4%) obesidade, 75 (72,1%) foram classificados como imóveis de acordo com o grau de mobilidade, segundo a Escala de Braden; 50 (48,1%) apresentaram algum grau de umidade, 86 (82,7%) e 90 (86,5%), respectivamente, obtiveram na admissão e na alta hospitalar, valores de hematócrito abaixo do valor de referência. 79 (76%) e 81 (77,9%) obtiveram, respectivamente, na admissão e na alta valores de hemoglobina considerados abaixo do valor de referência. 96 (48,2) das lesões eram localizadas no tronco e 84 (42,2%) nos membros inferiores (MMII), incidentemente na sacral e em calcâneo. Conclusão: Foi identificado o perfil clínico de pacientes idosos com lesão por pressão em um hospital universitário, assim como lacunas assistenciais e na padronização dos registros.
Olive oil consumption, preferences and usage areas: the case of Hatay and Aydın provinces
Authors: Çakmak Ali Çağlar , Yildirim Özlem
Published: December 2024

Olive and olive oil are essential food sources for their health benefits and flavour. It is crucial in regions such as Aydın and Hatay, where olives are intensively grown. This research was conducted through focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and a questionnaire survey to understand how olive oil is preferred in cooking and its different uses in health, carpentry, skincare, hair care, massage oil, and aromatherapy. The study's findings show that the versatile use of olive oil is widespread in Aydın and Hatay provinces. The results of this research can be used for olive oil producers and marketers to develop sales and marketing strategies and better understand the potential uses of olive oil. Local production and price were the determinants of consumers' olive oil preferences. The results of this study reveal the diversity of olive and olive oil use in Aydın and Hatay provinces and how consumers prefer the product in different areas. Within the scope of the research, a questionnaire survey was conducted in two regions, and a scale of 1-5 points was used to help the respondents give more precise answers to the statements in the form. The findings were analysed using ordinal ranking and one-factor multiple variance analysis MANOVA. The results of this research were used to develop sales and marketing strategies for olive oil producers, marketers and consumers and to understand the potential uses of olive oil better.
Determination of body measurements of Turkish grey cattle with different image processing methods
Authors: Önal Ahmet Refik , Özder Muhittin
Published: December 2024

Twenty heads one-year-old Turkish Grey Cattle Breed, which were protected as part of the conservation of native genetic resources at the Sheep Breeding Research Institute, were evaluated as a material. Body measurements for each animal were determined using the classical method (CM) and six different image processing methods: Fixed Scale Photography (FSP), Fixed Object Photography (FOP), Laser Pointer Photography (LPP), Fixed Scale Video (FSV), Fixed Object Video (FOV), and Laser Pointer Video (LPV), and the methods were compared. The correlation coefficients between CM and FSV, FOV, and LPV were calculated as 0.906 (p<0.01), 0.906 (p<0.01), and 0.909 (p<0.01), respectively for withers height (WH). For back height (BH), the correlation coefficients between CM and the same methods were calculated as 0.879 (p<0.01), 0.950 (p<0.01), and 0.944 (p<0.01), respectively. In terms of rump height (RH), the highest measurement difference was observed between CM and FSV with 3.11%, and the lowest difference was observed between CM and FOV with 0.07%. It was determined that Image Processing Methods (IPMs) could be used as an alternative to classical measurement methods for determining WH, BH, RH, and chest deepth (CD) of each type. It was determined that all IPMs could be used as alternative instead of CM for determining the body measurements of Turkish Grey cattle.
In School, Engaged, on Track? The Effect of the Pandemic on Student Attendance, Course Grades, and Grade Retention in North Carolina
Authors: Fuller Sarah Crittenden , Swiderski Tom , Mikkelsen Camille , Bastian Kevin C.
Published: December 2024

We examine effects of the pandemic on student attendance, course grades, and grade retention in North Carolina in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 using descriptive and regression analyses. We find each outcome worsened on average in 2020–2021, with larger changes at the high end of the absence distribution, the low end of the grade distribution, and among historically marginalized student groups. In 2021–2022, grade and retention outcomes recovered, but attendance worsened. Furthermore, gaps between students narrowed, driven by greater recovery in grades for students who were initially most negatively impacted but worsening absenteeism among students who initially maintained high attendance. These findings highlight the substantial variation in impacts of the pandemic across students and differing patterns of impact and recovery across outcomes.
Integrating Content and Language Instruction for Multilingual Learners: A Systematic Review Across Program Types
Authors: Domke Lisa M. , Cerrato María A.
Published: December 2024

Given the growing multilingual student population worldwide, many countries/regions have implemented content-based instruction (CBI) programs that include content-area classrooms where language learning takes place during content learning. Scholars have suggested that more attention needs to be given to how teachers teach language in content-area classrooms and that research findings across program contexts should speak to/build on each other. This systematic review draws on sociolinguistic theories to synthesize 199 studies from 2012 –2022 about teacher understandings and practices regarding content-language integration across CBI programs worldwide, including content and language integrated learning (CLIL), English medium of instruction (EMI), immersion or dual language bilingual education (DLBE), and English as a second/additional language (ESL/EAL). Studies described uneven understandings of the content-language relationship and indicated a variety of content-language integration practices (e.g., teaching disciplinary literacy, encouraging discussion, translanguaging, writing language objectives, using visuals, and collaborating between content and language teachers). However, researchers reported challenges including lack of training, time, and curricular guidance. Based on these findings, we offer directions for research and educator preparation/professional learning to help teachers implement content-language integrated practices that support multilingual learners in developing deep content and language learning in content-area classrooms across contexts.
The Melancholia, Guilt and Denial Of Jennette Mccurdy in Her Memoir I’m Glad My Mom Died
Authors: Rayyan Manar M. R. , Aghasiyev Kanan
Published: December 2024

One of the methods frequently employed to comprehend literary works is the psychological approach. Sigmund Freud, who is acclaimed as the father of psychology and as one of the most important psychologists in the 20th century, established psychoanalysis. Freud’s concepts of melancholia and mourning, guilt and denial are some of the most profound notions in psychology that are studied thoroughly. This paper is an attempt to explore these notions and their main features. Jennette McCurdy’s debut work is an ideal work that touches on such psychological ideas, making it a perfect literary piece to study those concepts. This paper deals with her memoir I’m Glad My Mom Died, as it captures her grief, loss, denial and guilt in an intensified vivid detail. By the end of the paper, it is evident that Jennette's depiction of her childhood as a child actress assists the reader in understanding the psychological challenges she faced, particularly in regard to her relationship with her mother. Throughout her memoir, Freud's ideas are clearly seen as having shaped her identity, psyche, and adolescence.
المبادئ النظرية في تصحيح العقد (دراسة مقارنة بين القانونين العراقي و الإيراني)
Authors: إشراق حسن عذيب  , د.محمد صالحي مازندراني
Published: December 2024

إن موضوع المـبادئ النظرية في تصحيح العقد لم ترد في الـقانون المدني العراقي ،والقانون المدني الإيراني نصوص قانونية مباشرة تتناوله بشكل مفصل  بالرغم من أهمية تلك المبادئ،ودورها في تصـحيح العقد القابل للإبطال حيث إنها تمثل مجموعة القواعد القانونية التي توضح أساس تصحيح العقد حيث يتم الرجوع عليها في حالات تفسير العقد المتضمن شروطاً غامضة لمعرفة النية الحقيقية للإطراف المتعاقدة وفي حالات إبرام العقد بسوء نية وخداع الطرف الآخر ،وتتمثل تلك المبادئ بنظرية السيمولاسيون(الصورية) ،ونظرية الاعتماد، ونظرية الشرط الضـمني،وبطلان الـشرط دون المشروط
Total VFA value, NH3 and Invitro Digestibility of Cabbage and Mustard Vegetable Waste Distilled with Various Carbohydrate Sources
Authors: Adelina Triani , Saleh Eniza , Anwar Efendi Harahap  , Hidayat Muhammad Ridwan
Published: December 2024

Market vegetable waste produced in Pekanbaru City can be produced up to 235.45 tons/day, this has the potential to utilize market waste in the form of cabbage and mustard greens which are used as feed. This research aims to produce NH3 production values, VFA and dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD) of vegetable waste silage with the addition of various carbohydrate sources. The research method was carried out experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) pattern of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments are P1 = vegetable waste silage + 30% rice bran; P2= vegetable waste silage + 30% corn flour; P3%= vegetable waste silage + 30% addition of piles; and P4 = vegetable waste silage + addition of 10% rice bran + 10% corn flour + 10% waste. The parameters observed were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, NH3 production and total VFA. The research results showed that the addition of various carbohydrate sources had no significant effect on silage NH3 (P>0.05), but had a very significant difference (P<0.01) on the DMD, OMD and total VFA values. The addition of various carbohydrate sources is able to increase the In Vitro digestibility value and is able to maintain NH3 production. The addition of a carbohydrate source from corn flour resulted in superior DMD, DMO and total VFA values compared to other treatments
Bodyweight Estimation of Anglo Nubian Dairy Goats at Lobi Farm, Pondok Kubang, Central Bengkulu
Authors: Bilyaro Woki , Endang Sulistyowati  , Muhammad dani  , Azis Arif Rahman
Published: December 2024

Dairy goats are small ruminants that have the potential to become fresh milk producers to fulfill the milk needs in Indonesia. Anglo Nubian goats are one type of dairy goat found in Lobi Farm, UMKM Bukit Bengkulu. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of correlation between body measurements, namely body length (PB), chest circumference (LD), and shoulder height (TP) to body weight (BW) of Anglo Nubian goats. A total of 22 Anglo Nubian goats were used in this study. The research data collected were primary data from direct measurements and secondary data. The data analysis used was correlation and multiple linear regression using the R program. The results showed that TP, PB and LD were each positively and significantly correlated with the body weight of Anglo Nubian goats with correlation coefficients of 0.516, O.715, and 0.884, respectively, while together TP, PB and LD were correlated by 0.916. Chest circumference correlated best with body weight when using a single variable.  Whereas, the combination of BL and CG was the best and simplest regression model in correlation to body weight of Anglo Nubian goats with the regression equation.
The Effect of Dietary Protein Levels and Lysine Supplementation on Femur Strength in 12-Week-Old Indonesian Indigenous Chickens
Authors: Rizkuna Akhmat , Fatmarischa Novemia , Widiarta I Putu Gede Didik , Aldiyanti Amani
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the different levels of dietary protein and lysine supplementation on femur bone strength of Indonesian indigenous chickens at 12 weeks of age. The experimental materials used were DOC, without sex differentiation, reared up to 12 weeks of age. A completely randomized design (CRD) with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement was used, with each treatment having four replicates and 10 chickens per experimental unit. The treatments applied were: P1L1 (17% protein + 0.6% lysine), P1L2 (17% protein + 0.7% lysine), P1L3 (17% protein + 0.8% lysine), P2L1 (14% protein + 0.6% lysine), P2L2 (14% protein + 0.7% lysine), and P2L3 (14% protein + 0.8% lysine). The experimental period started from the first day of observation to 12 weeks. Measured parameter: The main measured parameter was the femur bone strength after 12 weeks using an Electric Tensile Tester (Hun Ta Instruments CO. LTD, HT 8346). Also, histological examination of femur bones was conducted through a Scanning Electron Microscope-SEM at 100x. Data were subjected to ANOVA, and when there was a significant difference, Duncan's Multiple Range Test was conducted at a 5% significance level. No significant interaction was recorded between protein and lysine levels on femur bone strength at 12 weeks because P > 0.05. Conclusively, therefore, both dietary protein levels and lysine supplementation have no significant effect on bone strength in the finisher phase of growth.
Effect of Addition of Pandan Leaf Infusa (Pandanus amaryllifous, R) on Carcass Weight, Carcass Percentage and Abdominal Fat of Broilers
Authors: Sikumbang Chairani Mukherji , Nilawati Nilawati , Malvin Toni , Fati Nelzi
Published: December 2024

Many natural components are currently being looked for as substitute feed additives in broiler feed and drinking water to increase the effectiveness and quality of broiler production. Pandan leaves are one possible herbal component. The study's goal was to determine the optimal pandan infusion dosage for broiler carcasses, abdominal fat deposition. In this study, one hundred broiler aged one day were divided into 4 treatments and 5 replicates using a completely randomized design (CRD). The trial lasted four weeks in the Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic production laboratory's broiler stage cage.  Twenty broilers per treatmnets were given pandan leaf infusa to drinking water. The four tretamnets were as follows:  no additon of pandan infusion (A0), 1% addition (A1), 2% addition (A2) and; 3% addition (A3). The findings demonstrated that the research variables were not significantly impacted (P̃ > 0.05) by the addition of pandan leaf infusa to drinking water. The percentage of carcass ranged from 66.52% to 71.56%, and the percentage of abdominal fat ranged from 0.92% to 0.77%. These findings lead to the conclusion that adding up to 3% of leaf infusion to drinking water did not improved carcass and abdominal fat deposition.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Isolates in Broiler Chickens at Slaughterhouse and Retails
Authors: Emiliana Niti , Khairani Nurul , Prayoga Rully , Nurbiyanti Nofita , Sunandar Sunandar , Naipospos Tri Satya Putri
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify the antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli in the broiler food chain at poultry slaughterhouses and outlets. The sampling method used purposive sampling. Each of the 30 cecum and carcass samples was obtained from a Poultry Slaughterhouse, and 40 samples from 1 retail (consisting of 5 outlets), which received supplies from the same Poultry Slaughterhouse, were isolated and identified as E. coli. The results showed that 57 isolates were positively identified as E. coli, and the sensitivity was tested for the Antibiotic Susceptibility Test using the disc diffusion method. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square method and Fisher's Exact Test (p-value=0.01) showed a pattern of sensitivity of Ciprofloxacin (p=0.89), Colistin (p=0.07), Sulfamethoxazole (p=1.00), Chloramphenicol (p=0.67) and Meropenem (p= <0.001). The highest resistance was found in frozen carcass isolates at the outlet to Colistin (69%), and E. coli isolates from cecum at the poultry slaughterhouse showed resistance to Meropenem (67%). Furthermore, it was discovered that 35% of isolates were only resistant to one type of antibiotic. Resistance bacteria may spread and threaten consumers' health while they get carried from farm to retail.
Short and Medium-chain Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk Fed with Pineapple Peel Silage
Authors: Raguati Raguati , Afzalani Afzalani , Elymaizar Zulfa , Sulaksana Indra , Farizal Farizal
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the profile of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) in goat milk-fed pineapple peel silage.  The pineapple waste was milled and mixed with 5% (w/w) of rice brand, put into an anaerobic plastic bag, and stored for 21 days to produce pineapple peel silage.  The materials used in this research were 12 female Etawa cross-breed dairy goats allocated into randomized block designs with four kinds of feed treatments and three groups of lactation periods.  The feed treatments were P0 (60% forage + 40% concentrate); P1 (30% forage + 30% pineapple peel silage + 40% concentrate); P2 (15% forage + 45% pineapple peel silage + 40% concentrate); P3 (60% pineapple peel silage + 40% concentrate). Forage contains native grass and rubber leaves.  The concentrate consists of 58% bran, 25% fine corn, 6% soybean meal, 9% coconut meal, 1% mineral mixture, and 1% salt.  The variables observed were feed consumption, fat milk, and short-chain and medium-chain milk fatty acids.  The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, and if there were differences between treatments, a Duncan test.  The result of this study showed that the use of pineapple peel silage as a forage source had affected the feed consumption (P<0.05) but did not significantly affect SCFA acid and MCFA profile (P> 0.05) in goat milk.  Using pineapple peel silage as forage replacement up to 45 % in Fed, the dairy Ettawa cross-breed (EC) goat’s diet significantly affects the short-chain and medium-chain fatty acids profile.  The content of short-chain fatty acids and medium-chain fatty acids in goat's milk decreases, and there is no musty smell due to the addition of pineapple peel silage in the feed.
African Swine Fever and Hog Cholera Attacks: Perception and Local Knowledge of Farmers in Manokwari
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Iyai Deny Anjelus , Widayati Trisiwi Wahyu , Syufi Yafed , Sagrim Meky , Woran Djonly , Wajo Muhamad Jen , Salosa Yeni , Lestaluhu Aditya
Published: December 2024

African Swine Fever (ASF) and Hog Cholera are highly contagious viral diseases in pigs, resulting in losses for pig farmers in Manokwari regency. Farmers cannot avoid panic and resignation. The study aimed to measure pig farmers' attitudes and knowledge about these infectious diseases. Farmers were selected from 12 villages and originated from 8 big ethnics from Papuan and non-Papuan. The findings show that most breeders are still in the early stages of their farming careers and have a long experience. Farmers tend to show concern about African Swine Fever and Hog Cholera. However, their attitudes towards pig diseases are considered less than optimal. Most farmers have fairly good knowledge about African Swine Fever and Hog Cholera. The primary source of information for farmers is obtained from other communities, indicating an exchange of information between pig farmers and the community.
Antibacterial Activity of Eco Enzyme and Eco Enzyme with Acorus calamus Stem Against Contaminated Duck Eggs
Authors: Ginting Nurzainah , Azzahirah Nusaibah
Published: December 2024

In Indonesia,  raw duck eggs are often consumed as an additive when consuming herbal medicine. However, duck eggs sold in traditional markets are often found in dirty conditions, and there is concern about bacterial contamination. Bacteria in duck eggs causes diarrhea and typhoid fever in consumers who consume raw duck eggs. This study aims to identify the presence of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. bacteria in raw duck eggs and perform antibacterial tests using eco enzymes and eco enzymes with Acorus calamus stems. In contrast, the test was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The study was conducted on duck eggs from five traditional markets in the city of Medan, and from each market, four duck eggs were taken from three sellers, so the number of eggs studied was 60. Eggshells mashed in a mortar or egg yolks were identified for the number of pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. In this study, bacteria were found on eggshells, and an antibacterial test using eco enzyme and eco enzyme with Acorus calamus stem was conducted. The parameters measured were zone of inhibition (ZI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The results showed that Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. were found in seven of the 60 eggs (11.7%). The bacterial population of Escherichia coli were 23 x 103 CFU/ml, and Salmonella sp. was 38 x 103 CFU/ml, while the population were above the maximum population of the Indonesian National Standard. Eco enzyme with Acorus calamus stem has better antibacterial properties than eco enzyme. It has strong ZI, which means it has antibacterial effectiveness on Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. MIC start from 3.3%. MBC at a concentration of 10%. In conclusion, eco enzymes with Acorus calamus can be antibacterial against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp in duck egg shells.
Effect of Synbiotics Administering Probiotics_FM and MOS In the Ration on Broiler Carcass Weight
Authors: Sihite Herlin Rusadi , Mairizal Mairizal , Akmal Akmal
Published: December 2024

The use of AGP in broiler farming is for disease treatment and anti-stress, and AGP is also used to stimulate broiler growth. However, continuous use of AGP has been prohibited because it causes resistance to pathogenic bacteria and causes residue for consumers. Therefore, it is important to find a safe replacement for AGP, which can be done using synbiotics. This study aims to determine the effect of providing synbiotics from probiotic Probio_FM and prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS) in the diet on broiler carcass weight. The design used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment in this study consisted of P0: Commercial ration + 0% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P1: Commercial ration + 0.25 % Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P2: Cormersil ration + 0.50% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P3: Cormersil ration + 0.75% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS, P4: Commercial ration+1% Synbiotic from Probio_FM and MOS. The variables observed in this research were feed consumption, slaughter weight, absolute carcass weight and relative carcass weight. Data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) with Duncan's advanced test. The results showed that the addition of synbiotics from Probio_FM and MOS had a significant effect (P˂0.05) on feed consumption, slaughter weight and absolute carcass weight but had no significant impact (P˃0.05) on relative carcass weight. It was concluded that administering synbiotics from Probio_FM and MOS at 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, and 1% in the ration could increase broiler chicken carcass weight. The research conclusion of the study was that giving synbiotics from Probio_FM and MOS was more effective at a level of 0.25% -0,5%, which was able to increase broiler carcass weight.
Maladaptive but malleable: Gender-science stereotypes emerge early but are modifiable by language
Authors: Wang Michelle Momo , Cardarelli Amanda , Brenner Jonah , Leslie Sarah-Jane , Rhodes Marjorie
Published: December 2024

Gender-science stereotypes emerge early in childhood, but little is known about the developmental processes by which they arise. The present study tested the hypothesis that language implying scientists are a special and distinct kind of person contributes to the development of gender-science stereotypes, even when it does not communicate stereotypic content. One cross-sectional and two longitudinal studies with racially and geographically diverse children (primarily from the United States; ages 4-5; N = 872, tested 2020-2022) revealed that gender stereotypes about science vs. art (a) emerge before elementary school, (b) arise from commonplace identity-emphasizing language, especially among girls, and (c) can be durably disrupted by subtle changes to language. This study identifies a promising way to counteract stereotypes at their roots.
Questionable prospective effects of self-esteem on anxiety and academic self-efficacy: A simulated reanalysis and comment on Cao and Liu (2024)
Authors: Sorjonen Kimmo , Melin Bo
Published: December 2024

Based on findings from analyses with cross-lagged panel models, Cau and Liu (2024) concluded that self-esteem can protect against anxiety and promote academic self-efficacy. Here, we simulated data to resemble the data used by Cau and Liu. We used triangulation and fitted complementary models to the simulated data and found contradicting decreasing and increasing effects of initial self-esteem on subsequent change in anxiety and academic self-efficacy. These divergent findings suggest that it is premature to assume a protective effect of self-esteem on anxiety and an enhancing effect on academic self-efficacy and the conclusions by Cau and Liu in this regard can be challenged. It is important for researchers to be aware that correlations, including adjusted cross-lagged effects, do not prove causality in order not to overinterpret findings, something that appears to have happened to Cau and Liu. We recommend researchers to triangulate by fitting complementary models to their data in order to evaluate if observed effects may be due to true causal effects or if they appear to be spurious.
Aging out the dark triad: The dark triad traits according to different age groups in a Peruvian sample
Authors: Silva Mauricio
Published: December 2024

The present study explored the differences in measures of the dark triad traits for different age groups. To do this, a sample of 723 participants was obtained with an age range between 18 and 80 years old, then they were segmented into three different age groups. The results showed significant differences between the means of machiavellianism, psychopathy and narcissism for the groups, followed by a post-hoc analysis in which the group of young adults obtained meaningful highest means for each of the constructs, however, no meaningful differences were obtained between the means of constructs for the middle adults and older adult groups.
Social Environment and Cognitive Health in Urban and Rural Areas (SECHURA)
Authors: Roth Adam R , Peng Siyun , Jarin Jafnun Nudrat , Qu Tianyao , Fekete Maleah , Perry Brea L.
Published: December 2024

The Social Environment and Cognitive Health in Urban and Rural Areas (SECHURA) study was designed to examine cognitive health disparities in later life. It gathers data on access to social resources, engagement in cognitively stimulating interactions, and exposure to activity spaces. We enrolled 510 participants from 41 Indiana counties during baseline data collection in Fall 2023. All participants completed a survey that gathered data on their cognitive, mental, and physical health, personal networks, sociodemographic attributes, occupational history, lifestyle activities, and social support. Two hundred and seventy-three participants completed a follow-up module in which they used a smartphone to record ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) that were administered four times per day for seven days. The mean age was 69.9 years. Most participants were women (64.5%), white (90.2%), and retired (54.5%). The average participant named 5.38 network members. Participants were at home (70.7%) and alone (60.2%) for the majority of their EMAs. We conclude by outlining a research agenda that (1) characterizes the social networks, interactions, and place-based activities of participants across geographic contexts, and (2) assesses the potential pathways between a combination of networks, interactions, and activities and cognitive function.
Gender Differences and the Impact of Parental Migration on Child Education in Ghana
Authors: Smeets Chayenne , Cebotari Victor
Published: December 2024

This study uses longitudinal data to examine the educational performance—specifically self-reported grades in Science, English, and Mathematics—of male and female students in Ghana whose parents have either moved within the country or abroad. The study analyzes responses from 741 secondary school students over the years 2013, 2014, and 2015. Findings indicate that boys with at least one parent living internationally often attain grades that are similar to or better than those of their counterparts from non-migrant families. On the other hand, girls from migrant families typically do not exhibit significant differences in grades compared to girls from non-migrant backgrounds. A key risk factor highlighted in the study is the detrimental effect of parental divorce or separation on the academic outcomes of children from migrant families.
Mineral and heavy metal variations and contaminations in raw honey of stingless bees, Heterotrigona itama, from selected geographical areas of origin in Malaysia
Authors:   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Binjamin Bellericter , Johwan Johny @ Hasbullah Mohd Iftar ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Ador Kimberly ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Gobilik Januarius ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Chin Clament Fui Seung ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Lum Mok Sam ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Mohd Yaakub Nurul’azah ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia., Benedick Suzan ,   Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Locked Bag No. 3, 90509, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Honey contains a complex matrix of different substances
consisting of essential minerals, non-nutritive substances, and toxins, often due
to environmental sources. The objectives of this study were i) to investigate the
variation of mineral and heavy metal content in honey samples of Heterotrigona
itama from different geographical origins, and ii) to evaluate the nutritional quality
and safety of honey from different floral sources for human consumption. Methods:
A total of 75 samples of raw H. itama honey were collected from 11 sites in Sabah,
two sites in Sarawak, and two sites in Peninsular Malaysia. The mineral and heavy
metal contents of honey were determined in triplicate using inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results: There were significant differences
in the composition of essential minerals and heavy metals in the honey samples
according to geographical origins (p<0.001). All honey samples tested were below the
permitted maximum proportion (ML) for cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) specified in the
Malaysian Food Act 1983 for honey. However, all honey samples exceeded the ML for
Pb set by Codex, with samples from bamboo sites having the highest levels for Pb.
Conclusion: The composition of minerals and heavy metals in stingless bee honey
was influenced by geographical origin. All measured Pb concentrations were above
the ML value set by Codex, which raises concerns about possible toxicological risks
to human health. Given the toxic nature of Pb in the environment, the measured
concentrations emphasise the importance of monitoring Pb in honey from stingless
bees.
Maternal nutrition knowledge, infant feeding practices, and linear growth of 6-12 months old infants in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya
Authors:   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Koh Su Yuan , Nurliyana Abdul Razak ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,   UCSI Wellbeing Research Centre, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Satvinder Kaur ,   Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Stunting is a serious form of childhood undernutrition due to its
long-term impact on growth and development. This study aimed to determine
the associations between maternal nutrition knowledge, infant feeding practices,
and linear growth of infants aged 6-12 months in Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 229 mothers with infants
aged 6-12 months. Socio-demographic background, anthropometric measurements,
infant feeding practices, and maternal nutrition knowledge were assessed through
questionnaires. Length-for-age z-score (LAZ) was calculated using WHO Anthro
software and classified based on WHO child growth standards. Infant and Young
Child Feeding Index (ICFI) was used to measure infant feeding practices. Results:
Mean total percentage score of maternal nutrition knowledge was 77.90% (SD=7.99),
while mean ICFI total score was 6.73 (SD=1.40). Mean LAZ was -0.62 (SD=1.08) and
stunting prevalence was 10.9%. Total ICFI score (r=0.162, p=0.014), infant’s age
(r=-0.146, p=0.028), maternal height (r=0.310, p<0.001), and birth weight (r=0.370,
p<0.001) were significantly associated with LAZ in the bivariate analysis. There was
no significant association between maternal nutrition knowledge and linear growth
(p>0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that birth weight (B=0.850, p<0.001),
maternal height (B=0.045, p<0.001), infant’s age (B=-0.076, p=0.009), infant’s
sex (B=-0.253, p<0.047), and total ICFI score (B=0.094, p=0.048) were significant
contributors of infants’ linear growth. Conclusion: Infant feeding practices were
associated with linear growth of infants, but not maternal nutrition knowledge.
Therefore, the ability to put knowledge into practices is deemed important.
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES IN TOURISM PROMOTION BY TOURISM AGENCIES
Authors: Bouguebrine Moufida  , Benchenna Abdelali  , Redjal Omar  , Meddour Oualid
Published: December 2024

New technologies are fundamentally changing the way tourism agencies communicate, and as a result, these tourism agencies have to move from traditional to digital communications, using digital tools at the same time: websites, social networks, emails, etc. The study aimed to discuss the importance of social networking sites in tourism promotion by tourism agencies, through a questionnaire conducted on a sample of 40 tourism agencies. Through it, we have concluded that social networking sites are one of the most important methods that work to develop the tourism sector, and a basic basis through which the strategic position of the tourism agency can be improved. It is an important new element in promotion as a marketing lever to increase its reputation and improve its commercial performance by using a promotional strategy for its tourism offers and services through these networks. It also plays the role of a marketing channel and communication tool between the tourism agency and customers to meet their needs and desires.
ASPECTS OF RELIABILITY, EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING OF GAS PIPELINES AND GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM EQUIPMENT
Authors: Lena Shatakishvili  , Dimitri Namgaladze  , Tornike Kiziria  , Grigol Khelidze  , Ketevan BerikaSvili
Published: December 2024

To ensure the safe operation of gas pipelines of the gas supply system it is necessary to solve the problems of timely detection and elimination of leaks, as well as to determine the volume of natural gas leaks. The most complicated case is the leakage from underground gas pipelines, as gas filtration into the ground, its spreading from the leakage place and accumulation in underground cavities are determined by many factors. Natural gas leaks, in addition to losses, may cause damage to buildings and structures, threat to human health and life due to burning or explosion of the gas-air mixture, financial and economic costs in case of gas shortages, and fines for consumers. Thus, the causes of failures are mainly corrosion wear and local defects of various origins on the walls of gas pipelines, which reduce the capacity of gas pipelines, as well as deteriorate the physical condition of the pipe metal - causing its fatigue under prolonged exposure to operational loads. The listed causes of failures, except for the last one, are well studied. The methods of local defects detection are developed, which will contribute to the improvement of the process of operation and repair and restoration technologies of gas pipelines. In contrast to the existing approaches, the approach presented in the article assumes improvement of the process of operation and repair and restoration technologies of gas distribution networks on the basis of local defects detection methods developed by the authors and improvement of their reliability taking into account the data on the actual technical condition and characteristics of each group of reliability indicators of elements of gas distribution networks.