bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subseasonal Warming of Surface Soil Enhances Precipitation Over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau in Early Summer
Authors: Qi Xin , Yang Jing , Xue Yongkang , Bao Qing , Wu Guoxiong , Ji Duoying
Published: November 2022

The precipitation over the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP, here defined as 29°–38°N, 91°–103°E) usually exhibits significant subseasonal variation during boreal summer. As the hot spot of land‐air interaction, the influences of ETP surface soil temperature (Tsoil) on the local precipitation through subseasonal land‐air interaction are still unclear but urgently needed for improving subseasonal prediction. Based on station and reanalysis datasets of 1979–2018, this study identifies the evident quasi‐biweekly (QBW) (9–30 days) periodic signal of ETP surface Tsoil variation during the early summer (May–June), which results from the anomalies of southeastward propagating mid‐latitude QBW waves in the mid‐to‐upper troposphere. The observational results further show that the maximum positive anomaly of precipitation over the ETP lags the warmest surface Tsoil by one phase at the QBW timescale, indicating that the warming surface Tsoil could enhance the subseasonal precipitation. The numerical experiments using the WRF model further demonstrate the effect of warming surface Tsoil on enhancing the local cyclonic and precipitation anomaly through increasing upward sensible heat flux, the ascending motion, and water vapor convergence at the QBW timescale. In contrast, the effect of soil moisture over the ETP is much weaker than Tsoil at the subseasonal timescale. This study confirms the importance of surface Tsoil over the ETP in regulating the precipitation intensity, which suggests better simulating the land thermal feedback is crucial for improving the subseasonal prediction.
On dispersion curve coloring for mechanical metafilters
Authors: Bacigalupo Andrea , De Bellis Maria Laura , Gnecco Giorgio , Nutarelli Federico
Published: November 2022

This paper formalizes smooth curve coloring (i.e., curve identification) in the presence of curve intersections as an optimization problem, and investigates theoretically properties of its optimal solution. Moreover, it presents a novel automatic technique for solving such a problem. Formally, the proposed algorithm aims at minimizing the summation of the total variations over a given interval of the first derivatives of all the labeled curves, written as functions of a scalar parameter. The algorithm is based on a first-order finite difference approximation of the curves and a sequence of prediction/correction steps. At each step, the predicted points are attributed to the subsequently observed points of the curves by solving an Euclidean bipartite matching subproblem. A comparison with a more computationally expensive dynamic programming technique is presented. The proposed algorithm is applied with success to elastic periodic metamaterials for the realization of high-performance mechanical metafilters. Its output is shown to be in excellent agreement with desirable smoothness and periodicity properties of the metafilter dispersion curves. Possible developments, including those based on machine-learning techniques, are pointed out.
Meteorological change and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome epidemic in China, 2004–2018
Authors: Luo Yizhe , Lv Heng , Yan Huacheng , Zhu Changqiang , Ai Lele , Li Wenhao , Yi Jing , Zhang Lingling , Tan Weilong
Published: November 2022

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by hantavirus, is a serious public health problem in China. Despite intensive countermeasures including Patriotic Health Campaign, rodent control and vaccination in affected areas, HFRS is still a potential public health threat in China, with more than 10,000 new cases per year. Previous epidemiological evidence suggested that meteorological factors could influence HFRS incidence, but the studies were mainly limited to a specific city or region in China. This study aims to evaluate the association between monthly HFRS cases and meteorological change at the country level using a multivariate distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) from 2004 to 2018. The results from both univariate and multivariate models showed a non-linear cumulative relative risk relationship between meteorological factors (with a lag of 0–6 months) such as mean temperature (Tmean), precipitation, relative humidity (RH), sunshine hour (SH), wind speed (WS) and HFRS incidence. The risk for HFRS cases increased steeply as the Tmean between − 23 and 14.79 °C, SH between 179.4 and 278.4 h and RH remaining above 69% with 50–95 mm precipitation and 1.70–2.00 m/s WS. In conclusion, meteorological factors such as Tmean and RH showed delayed-effects on the increased risk of HFRS in the study and the lag varies across climate factors. Temperature with a lag of 6 months (RR = 3.05) and precipitation with a lag of 0 months (RR = 2.08) had the greatest impact on the incidence of HFRS.
The modulation of sustainability knowledge and impulsivity traits on the consumption of foods of animal and plant origin in Italy and Turkey
Authors: Migliavada Riccardo , Coricelli Carol , Bolat Esra Emine , Uçuk Ceyhun , Torri Luisa
Published: November 2022

Given the environmental challenge we face globally, a transition to sustainable diets seems essential. However, the cognitive aspects underlying sustainable food consumption have received little attention to date. The aims of this cross-cultural study were: (1) to explore how impulsivity traits and individuals’ knowledge of food environmental impact influence their frequency of consumption of animal- and plant-based foods; (2) to understand the modulation of individual characteristics (i.e. generation, sex, BMI, and sustainability knowledge). An online survey investigating impulsivity traits, sustainability knowledge and ratings of diverse food items was designed and administered to respondents from Italy (N = 992) and Turkey (N = 896). Results showed that Turkish respondents were higher in impulsivity and animal products consumption. Italians, instead, had greater sustainability knowledge and consumed more plant-based foods. Females in both groups reported greater knowledge of sustainability, consistent with previous findings. In terms of generations, the lowest consumption of animal products was reported by Turkish Generation Z and Italian Millennials. In conclusion, this study shed light on the interaction of psychological factors and individual characteristics with the perceived environmental impact of foods. Moreover, the adopted cross-cultural approach allowed to identify several differences in participants’ responses ascribable to their different nationalities and gastronomic cultures.
Machine learning models for prediction of HF and CKD development in early-stage type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Kanda Eiichiro , Suzuki Atsushi , Makino Masaki , Tsubota Hiroo , Kanemata Satomi , Shirakawa Koichi , Yajima Toshitaka
Published: November 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are the first and most frequent comorbidities associated with mortality risks in early-stage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, efficient screening and risk assessment strategies for identifying T2DM patients at high risk of developing CKD and/or HF (CKD/HF) remains to be established. This study aimed to generate a novel machine learning (ML) model to predict the risk of developing CKD/HF in early-stage T2DM patients. The models were derived from a retrospective cohort of 217,054 T2DM patients without a history of cardiovascular and renal diseases extracted from a Japanese claims database. Among algorithms used for the ML, extreme gradient boosting exhibited the best performance for CKD/HF diagnosis and hospitalization after internal validation and was further validated using another dataset including 16,822 patients. In the external validation, 5-years prediction area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for CKD/HF diagnosis and hospitalization were 0.718 and 0.837, respectively. In Kaplan–Meier curves analysis, patients predicted to be at high risk showed significant increase in CKD/HF diagnosis and hospitalization compared with those at low risk. Thus, the developed model predicted the risk of developing CKD/HF in T2DM patients with reasonable probability in the external validation cohort. Clinical approach identifying T2DM at high risk of developing CKD/HF using ML models may contribute to improved prognosis by promoting early diagnosis and intervention.
Increasing the stability margins using multi-pattern metasails and multi-modal laser beams
Authors: Taghavi Mohammadrasoul , Mosallaei Hossein
Published: November 2022

Laser-driven metasails can enable reaching velocities far beyond the chemically propelled spacecrafts, which accounts for precise engineering of the acceleration and the stability degree of the lightsail across the Doppler-broadened band. All-dielectric metasurfaces have shown great promise toward the realization of low-weight photonic platforms suitable for integrating multiple functionalities. The most paramount factor in the stability analysis of lightsail is the coupling between displacement and rotation, which mainly determines the durability of the nanocraft against displacement and rotation offsets. In this work, the marginal stability conditions of laser-propelled lightsails have been extended by replacing the reflective elements near the edges portions of the sail with broad-band transmissive elements and applying a multi-objective genetic algorithm (GA) optimization to the proposed configuration. The presented design not only remarkably suppresses the amplitude of the oscillatory motion but also can decrease the center of the mass requirement of the lightsail while maintaining an acceptable acceleration time. Next, a configuration where the payload is at the non-illuminating side of the dual-portion sail is proposed to protect the payload from the intense laser beam. In this case, a spherical phase profile is imprinted across the reflective elements while it is being propelled by a multi-modal beam.
Temperature-driven order–disorder structural transition in the oxygen sub-lattice and the complex superstructure of the high-temperature polymorph of CaSrZn2Ga2O7
Authors: Qin Jie , Jiang Pengfei , Lu Guangxiang , Wang Rong , Yang Tao
Published: November 2022

CaSrZn2Ga2O7 undergoes an irreversible phase transition from a simple Pna21 structure to an unexpected 3/2-fold P63 superstructure upon heating, which is attributed to the temperature-driven rotational disordering of GaO4-tetrahedra.
Ru- and Ir-complex decorated periodic mesoporous organosilicas as sensitizers for artificial photosynthesis
Authors: Rojas-Luna Raúl , Castillo-Rodríguez Miguel , Ruiz José R. , Jiménez-Sanchidrián César , Esquivel Dolores , Romero-Salguero Francisco J.
Published: November 2022

Novel artificial photosynthetic systems based on PMOs containing surface Ru- and Ir-complexes as photosensitizers and Pt nanoparticles as catalysts act as efficient heterogeneous photocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction.
QSAR, structure-based pharmacophore modelling and biological evaluation of novel platelet ADP receptor (P2Y12) antagonist
Authors: Al-Najjar Belal O. , Abbas Manal A. , Sibai Obada A. , Saqallah Fadi G. , Al-Kabariti Aya Y.
Published: November 2022

In silico and in vitro discovery of P2Y12 antagonists utilizing structure-based pharmacophore modelling directed by quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis.
Superconductivity in single-crystalline ZrTe3−x (x ≤ 0.5) nanoplates
Authors: Wang Jie , Wu Min , Zhen Weili , Li Tian , Li Yun , Zhu Xiangde , Ning Wei , Tian Mingliang
Published: November 2022

Superconductivity with an unusual filamented character below 2 K has been reported in bulk ZrTe3 crystals, a well-known charge density wave (CDW) material, but still lacks in its nanostructures.
Microbatteries with twin-Swiss-rolls redefine performance limits in the sub-square millimeter range
Authors: Li Yang , Zhu Minshen , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Li Fei , Qu Jiang , Wang Jinhui , Zhang Panpan , Liu Lixiang , Ravishankar Rachappa , Bandari Vineeth Kumar , Tang Hongmei , Qu Zhe , Zhu Feng , Weng Qunhong , Schmidt Oliver G.
Published: November 2022

Twin Swiss-roll microelectrodes are built up on a chip delivering a high energy density of 458 μW h cm−2, which redefines the performance limit in the sub-0.1 square millimeter range.
TheGaia-ESO Survey: Old super-metal-rich visitors from the inner Galaxy
Authors: Dantas M. L. L. , Smiljanic R. , Boesso R. , Rocha-Pinto H. J. , Magrini L. , Guiglion G. , Tautvaišienė G. , Gilmore G. , Randich S. , Bensby T. , Bragaglia A. , Bergemann M. , Carraro G. , Jofré P. , Zaggia S.
Published: November 2022

Context.The solar vicinity is currently populated by a mix of stars with various chemo-dynamic properties, including stars with a high metallicity compared to the Sun. Dynamical processes such as churning and blurring are expected to relocate such metal-rich stars from the inner Galaxy to the solar region.

Aims.We report the identification of a set of old super-metal-rich (+0.15 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ +0.50) dwarf stars with low eccentricity orbits (e ≲ 0.2) that reach a maximum height from the Galactic plane in the range ∼0.5–1.5 kpc. We discuss their chemo-dynamic properties with the goal of understanding their potential origins.

Methods.We used data from the internal Data Release 6 of theGaia-ESO Survey. We selected stars observed at high resolution with abundances of 21 species of 18 individual elements (i.e. 21 dimensions). We applied a hierarchical clustering algorithm to group the stars with similar chemical abundances within the complete chemical abundance space. Orbits were integrated using astrometric data fromGaiaand radial velocities fromGaia-ESO. Stellar ages were estimated using isochrones and a Bayesian method.

Results.This set of super-metal-rich stars can be arranged into five subgroups, according to their chemical properties. Four of these groups seem to follow a chemical enrichment flow, where nearly all abundances increase in lockstep with Fe. The fifth subgroup shows different chemical characteristics. All the subgroups have the following features: median ages of the order of 7–9 Gyr (with five outlier stars of estimated younger age), solar or subsolar [Mg/Fe] ratios, maximum height from the Galactic plane in the range 0.5–1.5 kpc, low eccentricities (e ≲ 0.2), and a detachment from the expected metallicity gradient with guiding radius (which varies between ∼6 and 9 kpc for the majority of the stars).

Conclusions.The high metallicity of our stars is incompatible with a formation in the solar neighbourhood. Their dynamic properties agree with theoretical expectations that these stars travelled from the inner Galaxy due to blurring and, more importantly, to churning. We therefore suggest that most of the stars in this population originated in the inner regions of the Milky Way (inner disc and/or the bulge) and later migrated to the solar neighbourhood. The region where the stars originated had a complex chemical enrichment history, with contributions from supernovae types Ia and II, and possibly asymptotic giant branch stars as well.
Comparative analysis of atmospheric parameters from high-resolution spectroscopic sky surveys: APOGEE, GALAH, Gaia-ESO
Authors: Hegedűs Viola , Mészáros Szabolcs , Jofré Paula , Stringfellow Guy S. , Feuillet Diane , García-Hernández Domingo Aníbal , Nitschelm Christian , Zamora Olga
Published: November 2022

Context. SDSS-IV APOGEE-2, GALAH, and Gaia-ESO are high-resolution, ground-based, multi-object spectroscopic surveys providing fundamental stellar atmospheric parameters and multiple elemental abundance ratios for hundreds of thousands of stars of the Milky Way. Data from these and other surveys contribute to investigations of the history and evolution of the Galaxy.

Aims. We undertake a comparison between the most recent data releases of these surveys to investigate the accuracy and precision of derived parameters by placing the abundances on an absolute scale. We also discuss the correlations in parameter and abundance differences as a function of main parameters. Uncovering the variants provides a basis to continue the efforts of future sky surveys.

Methods. Quality samples from the APOGEE−GALAH (15 537 stars), APOGEE−GES (804 stars), and GALAH−GES (441 stars) overlapping catalogs were collected. We investigated the mean variants between the surveys, and linear trends were also investigated. We compared the slope of correlations and mean differences with the reported uncertainties.

Results. The average and scatter of vrad, Teff, log g, [M/H], and vmicro, along with numerous species of elemental abundances in the combined catalogs, show that in general there is a good agreement between the surveys. We find large radial velocity scatters ranging from 1.3 km s−1 to 4.4 km s−1 when comparing the three surveys. We observe some weak trends (e.g., in ΔTeff vs. Δlog g for the APOGEE−GES stars) and a clear correlation in the vmicro − Δvmicro planes in the APOGEE−GALAH common sample. For [α/H], [Ti/H] (APOGEE−GALAH giants), and [Al/H] (APOGEE−GALAH dwarfs) potential strong correlations are discovered as a function of the differences in the main atmospheric parameters, and we also find weak trends for other elements.

Conclusions. In general we find good agreement between the three surveys within their respective uncertainties. However, there are certain regimes in which strong variants exist, which we discuss. There are still offsets larger than 0.1 dex in the absolute abundance scales.
The mass-radius relation of intermediate-mass planets outlined by hydrodynamic escape and thermal evolution
Authors: Kubyshkina D. , Fossati L.
Published: November 2022

Context. Exoplanets in the mass range between Earth and Saturn show a wide spread in radius, and thus in density, for a given mass.

Aims. We aim to understand to which extent the observed radius spread is affected by the specific planetary parameters at formation and by planetary atmospheric evolution.

Methods. We employed planetary evolution modeling to reproduce the mass-radius (MR) distribution of the 199 planets that are detected so far whose mass and radius were measured to the ≤45% and ≤15% level, respectively, and that are less massive than 108 M⊕. We simultaneously accounted for atmospheric escape, based on the results of hydrodynamic simulations, and thermal evolution, based on planetary structure evolution models. Because high-energy stellar radiation affects atmospheric evolution, we accounted for the entire range of possible stellar rotation evolution histories. To set the planetary parameters at formation, we used analytical approximations based on formation models. Finally, we built a grid of synthetic planets with parameters reflecting those of the observed distribution.

Results. The predicted radius spread reproduces the observed MR distribution well, except for two distinct groups of outliers (≈20% of the population). The first group consists of very close-in Saturn-mass planets with Jupiter-like radii for which our modeling under-predicts the radius, likely because it lacks additional (internal) heating similar to the heating that causes inflation in hot Jupiters. The second group consists of warm (~400–700 K) sub-Neptunes, which should host massive primordial hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, but instead present high densities indicative of small gaseous envelopes (<1–2%). This suggests that their formation, internal structure, and evolution is different from that of atmospheric evolution through escape of hydrogen-dominated envelopes accreted onto rocky cores. The observed characteristics of low-mass planets (≤10–15 M⊕) strongly depend on the impact of atmospheric escape, and thus of the evolution of the host star's activity level, while primordial parameters are less relevant. Instead, the parameters at formation play the dominant role for more massive planets in shaping the final MR distribution. In general, the intrinsic spread in the evolution of the activity of the host stars can explain just about a quarter of the observed radius spread.
Conclusions — with personal reflections
Authors: Wagner Friedrich
Published: November 2022

Global warming necessitates a replacement of traditional technologies based on fossil fuels. The number of options is rather limited. Renewable energies will play a dominant role in this process. Whereas biomass and hydro-electricity are limited, wind and photovoltaic power (PV) can be upscaled to large capacities. The technical side of CO2-free technologies has been covered in the bulk of these proceedings. In this paper, we concentrate on the main characteristics of an electricity system based mostly on wind and PV power and the consequences of integrating intermittent technologies. Most practical examples are taken from Germany. The question whether nuclear power can be considered as clean electricity source supplementing renewable energies will be discussed. Nuclear power will still play a role in 2050 and beyond in and outside of Europe.
The impact of zero insertion torque on flapless immediate implant placement in the maxilla (5 years follow up clinical study)
Authors: Elian Samy , Salem Ahmed
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The achievement of good osseointegration in immediate implant placement can occur in the presence adequate primary stability. The insertion torque varies between cases depending on many factors. Aim: To assess clinically the impact of zero insertion torque on the survival of immediate implant placement in the maxilla for more than 5 years follow-up. Methods: A flapless immediate 2018 implants were in the maxilla in non-restorable single rooted teeth osteotomy site. The insertion torque of the implant was measured clinically by an integrated software. Results: The final insertion torque for 42 implants out of 2018 placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxilla was zero (no primary stability). Their survival rate was 83.3%. Conclusions: The lack of certain conditions during immediate implant surgical installation and healing had the major effects on success. The loss of torque during immediate implant placement to zero may jeopardize the survival of the implants, but it may not be statistically significant with their failure and loss. The implant primary stability is not an absolute prerequisite to osseointegration; however, it may affect the implant survival rate.
Schulterbeschwerden in der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin
Authors: Hummelsberger Josef
Published: November 2022

In der Traditionellen Chinesischen Medizin ist die Periarthritis humeroscapularis bekannt als entzündliche Schultergelenkserkrankung, die hauptsächlich bei Frauen um das 50. Lebensjahr herum auftritt. Als Therapieoptionen stehen in der TCM Akupunktur, manuelle Methoden sowie Arzneimitteltherapie zur Verfügung. Bei der Behandlung der chronischen Beschwerden ist jedoch Geduld gefragt.
Frozen Shoulder – Schultersteife: ganzheitlicher Ansatz der Therapie
Authors: Schmid Oskar A.
Published: November 2022

Die Schultersteife, auch als FrozenShoulder bezeichnet, geht mit Schmerzen und Funktionsverlust im Schultergelenk einher. Sie tritt als primäre Form, aber auch sekundär zum Beispiel als Folge einer Erkrankung oder Verletzung auf. Leitlinien empfehlen zur Therapie von Schultersteife unter anderem Physiotherapie, Elektrotherapie, Lasertherapie, Kortisoninjektionen sowie Akupunktur. Ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz kombiniert die verschiedenen Therapieformen im Sinne der Leitlinie.
Rehabilitation nach einer Schulteroperation
Authors: Seeger Jörn , Seeger Monika , Arnholdt Jörg , von Engelhardt Lars
Published: November 2022

Die Rehabilitation der Schulter ist eine sehr komplexe und individuelle Angelegenheit. Der Nahbehandlungsplan wird für jeden Patienten und jede Patientin spezifisch ausgearbeitet. Ziel ist es, die Einsatzfähigkeit der Schulter so wiederherzustellen, dass die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen nicht beeinträchtigt wird. Um dies zu erreichen, kommen Therapiemethoden wie die Manuelle Therapie, Physiotherapie, Lymphdrainage, Schulterstuhl, Bewegungsbad sowie die Kryotherapie zum Einsatz.
Selbstdehnung bei chronischen Schulterbeschwerden
Authors: Irnich Dominik
Published: November 2022

Bei Patienten mit chronischen Schulterproblemen besteht oft eine deutliche Reduzierung der Lebensqualität. Um hier erfolgreich behandeln zu können, ist nicht nur ein multimodaler Ansatz nötig, auch die Motivation des Betroffenen spielt eine wichtige Rolle. Selbstdehnung ermöglicht dabei den Patienten, eigenhändig an einer Verbesserung mitzuwirken.
Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis und mikroskopische
Polyangiitis
Authors: Klapa Sebastian , Arnold Sabrina , Lamprecht Peter
Published: November 2022

Die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis (GPA) und mikroskopische Polyangiitis (MPA)
sind zwei zur ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitis (AAV) zählende
Entitäten. Beiden Erkrankungen liegt eine systemische nekrotisierende
Kleingefäßvaskulitis zugrunde, die jedes Organ betreffen kann.
Bei der GPA ist zusätzlich eine in der Regel den Respirationstrakt
betreffende extravaskuläre nekrotisierende granulomatöse
Entzündung vorzufinden. Das klinische Bild wird in der Mehrzahl der
Fälle durch ein pulmo-renales Syndrom mit alveolärer
Hämorrhagie und rapid-progressiver Glomerulonephritis sowie weitere
Organmanifestationen bestimmt. Bei der GPA imponiert zudem die fast regelhafte
Mitbeteiligung des oberen Respirationstrakts. Die GPA ist mit Anti-Neutrophilen
zytoplasmatischen Autoantikörpern (ANCA) mit einer Spezifität
für die Proteinase 3 (PR3-ANCA) und die MPA für Myeloperoxidase
(MPO-ANCA) assoziiert. Die immunsuppressive Therapie richtet sich nach der
Krankheitsaktivität und Schwere der Organbeteiligung.
Cobalt-Catalyzed Alkynylation of Organic Compounds: Hydroalkynylation, Dehydrogenative Alkynylation, and Reductive Alkynylation
Authors: Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi , Ueda Yohei
Published: November 2022

Cobalt-catalyzed hydroalkynylation of alkynes, alkenes, and imines affords internal alkynes with various functional groups adjacent to the carbon–carbon triple bond moiety in an atom-economical manner. In addition, cross-coupling of in situ generated alkynylcobalt species from terminal alkynes, haloalkynes, and metal acetylides with (hetero)aromatic compounds and organic halides selectively provides various internal aryl- and alkylalkynes.

1 Introduction

2 Hydroalkynylation of Alkynes for 1,3-Enyne Synthesis

3 Hydroalkynylation of Polar and Nonpolar Double Bonds

4 Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling Reaction Using Terminal Alkynes with Aromatic Compounds

5 Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Haloalkynes as the Coupling Partners

6 Cross-Coupling Reactions Using Metal Acetylides

7 Conclusion
Concise Synthesis of Functionalized Cyclopentadienyl Rhodium(III) Complexes via Suzuki–Miyaura Cross Coupling
Authors: Yasui Takeshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Tanabe Shouta , Masueda Takuya
Published: November 2022

Herein, we report a concise method for the preparation of functionalized cyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes via Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling. We successfully converted 2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopent-2-en-1-one into the corresponding cyclopentadienylboronic acid pinacol ester, which could be used as a coupling partner with aryl halides. Several functionalized cyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes were synthesized in two steps from readily available aryl bromides. We also demonstrated the rapid synthesis of a novel chiral cyclopentadienyl rhodium complex that could be used as a precatalyst for an asymmetric C–H functionalization reaction.
Peak Height Velocity Affects Injury Burden in Circa-PHV Soccer Players
Authors: Monasterio Xabier , Gil Susana , Bidaurrazaga-Letona Iraia , Lekue Jose A , Diaz-Beitia Gontzal , Santisteban Juan M , Lee Dae-Jin , Zumeta-Olaskoaga Lore , Martin-Garetxana Imanol , Larruskain Jon
Published: November 2022

Growth and maturation are potential risk factors for soccer injuries. This research sought to describe how peak height velocity (PHV) affects overall and specific injury burden in circa- and post-PHV elite academy soccer players. Injuries and growth data collected from 2000 to 2020 were studied retrospectively. Longitudinal height records for 124 players were fitted with the Super-Imposition by Translation and Rotation model to calculate PHV (cm/year) and age at PHV. Players were classified according to PHV percentile (fast:≥75th; average: 25–75th; slow:≤25th) and maturity status (circa- or post-PHV). Overall and specific injury burden (days lost/player-season) and rate ratios for comparisons between groups were calculated based on zero-inflated negative binomial models. Confidence intervals were calculated at the 95% confidence level (CI) and the significance level was set at<0.05. In circa-PHV, players with fast PHV had 2.6 (CI: 1.4–4.8)- and 3.3 (CI:1.3–6.7)-times higher overall burden and 2.9 (CI:1.1–7.1)- and 4.1 (CI: 1.4–15.2)-times higher for growth-related injury burden compared to players with average and slow PHV, respectively. Regular monitoring of growth seems important to detect players at higher risk for being disrupted by growth-related injuries.
Hypercoagulability and Thrombosis Risk in Prostate Cancer: The Role of Thromboelastography
Authors: Fainchtein Karina , Tera Yousra , Kearn Natalie , Noureldin Abdelrahman , Othman Maha
Published: November 2022

Thrombosis is one of the leading causes of death in cancer. Cancer-induced hypercoagulable state contributes to thrombosis and is often overlooked. Prostate cancer may not be of high thrombogenic potential compared with other cancers, but its high prevalence brings it into focus. Pathological evidence for venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) in prostate cancer exists. Factors such as age, comorbidities, and therapies increase the VTE risk further. There is a need to systematically identify the risk of VTE in regard to patient-, cancer-, and treatment-related factors to risk stratify patients for better-targeted and individualized strategies to prevent VTE. Sensitive tests to enable such risk assessment are urgently required. There is sufficient evidence for the utility of thromboelastography (TEG) in cancer, but it is not yet part of the clinic and there is only limited data on the use of TEG in prostate cancer. One study revealed that compared with age-matched controls, 68.8% of prostate cancer patients demonstrated hypercoagulable TEG parameters. The absence of clinical guidelines is a limiting factor in TEG use in the cancer population. Cancer heterogeneity and the unique cancer-specific microenvironment in each patient, as well as determining the hypercoagulable state in each patient, are added limitations. The way forward is to combine efforts to design large multicenter studies to investigate the utility and clinical effectiveness of TEG in cancer and establish longitudinal studies to understand the link between hypercoagulable state and development of thrombosis. There is also a need to study low thrombogenic cancers as well as high thrombogenic ones. Awareness among clinicians and understanding of test applicability and interpretation are needed. Finally, expert discussion is critical to identify the investigation priorities.
Thrombosis in Pregnant Women with Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Papadakis Emmanouil , Brenner Benjamin
Published: November 2022

Hemolytic anemias are a group of uncommon disorders affecting both genders, frequently occurring at the reproductive age. While a link between hemolysis and hypercoagulability has been suggested based on the elucidation of certain involved pathophysiological mechanisms, the extent of thrombotic risk in pregnant women with hemolytic anemia remains debatable. Due to the paucity of pregnancy-related data, risk assessment of gestations in women with hemolytic anemia is complicated. This review will highlight the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of these challenging disorders in pregnancy.
Aus der anthroposophischen Medizin: Wickel bei Schulterbeschwerden
Authors: Sterner Astrid
Published: November 2022

Etwa zehn Prozent der Bevölkerung leiden zeitweilig oder chronisch unter Schulterschmerzen. Sie sind meist die Folge von Verschleiß, Verletzung oder Entzündung und führen in der Vermeidung von Bewegung nicht selten zu einer „frozenshoulder“, die für die Betroffenen sehr unangenehm und einschränkend sein kann. Durch Äußere Anwendungen aus der anthroposophisch erweiterten Medizin können Schulterprobleme effektiv und effizient behandelt werden.
Harmonic motion analysis simplified for introductory physics students
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: November 2022

Graphical analysis of a mass oscillating on a spring with friction allows students to solve the system without using differential equations.
Kinetics of isotropic to string-like phase switching in electrorheological fluids of nanocubes
Authors: Tonti L. , García Daza F. A. , Patti A.
Published: November 2022

Applying an electric field to polarizable colloidal particles, whose permittivity differs from that of the dispersing medium, generates induced dipoles that promote the formation of string-like clusters and ultimately alter the fluid mechanical and rheological properties. Complex systems of this kind, whose electric-field-induced rheology can be manipulated between that of viscous and elastic materials, are referred to as electrorheological fluids. By using dynamic Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the dynamics of self-assembly of dielectric nanocubes upon application of an electric field. Switching the field on induces in-particle dipoles and, at sufficiently large field intensity, leads to string-like clusters of variable length across a spectrum of volume fractions. The kinetics of switching from the isotropic to the string-like state suggests the existence of two mechanisms, the first related to the nucleation of chains and the second to the competition between further merging and separation. We characterize the transient unsteady state by following the chain length distribution and analyzing the probability of the transition of nanocubes from one chain to another over time. Additionally, we employ passive microrheology to gain insight into the effect of the electric field on the viscoelastic response of our model fluid. Not only do we observe that it becomes more viscoelastic in the presence of the field but also that its viscoelasticity assumes an anisotropic signature, with both viscous and elastic moduli in planes perpendicular to the external field being larger than those along it.
Influence of B-field on the characteristics of pulsed spark discharges in water
Authors: Geraud Korentin , Valensi Flavien , Hamdan Ahmad
Published: November 2022

Spark discharges in water have great potential for use in various technological fields, including pollutant degradation, precision micromachining, and nanomaterial production. However, the large-scale application of these discharges is limited by the complexity of the implicated physical and chemical phenomena, which cannot be easily controlled. In this study, we assess the effect of an external B-field on the electrical characteristics of multiple successive discharges, as well as on the erosion of the electrode. In addition to the B = 0 condition, two configurations of the B-field are investigated: B-parallel and B-perpendicular to the electrode axis, both at the magnitude of 125 mT. The obtained results demonstrate that discharge electrical characteristics and electrode erosion are significantly affected by the B-field. Using a W electrode, the highest and lowest discharge currents are measured in the case of B-perpendicular and B = 0, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest erosion volume is obtained in the case of B = 0. To assess the influence of electrode nature and magnetic properties on the discharges, the results obtained using W (paramagnetic) electrodes were compared to those obtained with Ni (ferromagnetic). The comparison shows that the discharge electrical data are tightly distributed when the Ni electrode is utilized, regardless of the B-condition, whereas the data obtained with the W electrode exhibit significant statistical variations in the presence of the B-field. Overall, the data reported herein indicate that the electrical properties of a spark discharge may be varied and controlled by applying an external B-field.
Laser-based, direct formation of thin copper–nickel alloy films with low thermal coefficient of resistivity
Authors: Fink Samuel , Dahmen Linus , Steinhoff Michael K. , Stollenwerk Jochen , Vedder Christian
Published: November 2022

The growing market of printed electronics requires the development of new materials and processing technologies that enable the design of smart wearables, integrated sensors, and next-generation electronics. Against the backdrop of increasing material scarcity, these approaches must be resource-conserving and, at the same time, competitive with conventional technologies. As an alternative to nanoparticle-based inks currently used in printed electronics, another technology has been emerging in the last years that utilizes metal organic decomposition (MOD) inks, which are easy to fabricate and have a long shelf life. In this study, a method is presented that allows the direct formation of thin copper-nickel alloy films from a MOD ink. These alloys are preferably used for sensors like strain gauges as they exhibit a low thermal coefficient of resistivity (TCR). 250 nm thin alloy films are coated on glass substrates and thermally functionalized. In a conventional hot plate heat treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere, 10.2% bulk conductivity for a Cu55Ni45 alloy with a TCR of 8.3 × 10−5 K−1 is reached. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates the formation of a mixed crystal composed of nickel and copper atoms. A laser-based functionalization process is developed that allows the processing of Cu55Ni45 alloy films under ambient conditions without the formation of copper or nickel oxides. Laser-functionalized films exhibit 5.3% of the conductivity of bulk material. This study shows that metal alloy films can be fabricated directly from amine-based MOD inks.
Experimental study of phase separation in dynamically asymmetric unentangled polymer blend
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Matsumiya Yumi , Watanabe Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

We examined a phase separation process of a dynamically asymmetric blend of unentangled polyisoprene (PI) and poly(4-ethylstyrene) (PC2St) exhibiting the upper critical solution temperature. PI having the type-A dipole was the dielectrically active fast component, whereas PC2St was the dielectrically inert slow component whose dynamics can be detected by rheological measurements. To precisely model the phase separation process, it is important to estimate the composition dependence of the mobility, which is needed to describe the phase separation dynamics. For that purpose, we conducted dielectric and rheological measurements to determine the friction coefficient of each component in a homogeneous state sufficiently above the phase separation temperature. The temperature dependence of the friction coefficient of each component was reasonably expressed by the Williams–Landel–Ferry equation. Extrapolating this dependence obtained for blends of various compositions to the test temperature T* below the phase separation temperature, we were able to estimate the friction coefficient of the chain at T* as a function of the composition. This friction coefficient was then used to determine the mobility Λ defined for the material fluxes at T*. The time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau (TDGL) equation incorporating this Λ well described the experimentally observed phase separation dynamics. In particular, the 2D TDGL simulation with this Λ qualitatively captured the phase-separated structure observed with the optical microscope as well as broad dielectric mode distribution of the blend at T*.
Giant overreflection of magnetohydrodynamic waves from inhomogeneous plasmas with nonuniform shear flows
Authors: Kim Seulong , Kim Kihong
Published: November 2022

We theoretically study mode conversion and resonant overreflection of magnetohydrodynamic waves in an inhomogeneous plane-stratified plasma in the presence of a nonuniform shear flow using precise numerical calculations of the reflection and transmission coefficients and the field distributions based on the invariant imbedding method. Cases where the flow velocity and the external magnetic field are directed perpendicularly to the inhomogeneity direction and both the flow velocity and the plasma density vary arbitrarily along it are considered. When there is a shear flow, the wave frequency is modulated locally by the Doppler shift, and resonant amplification and overreflection occur where the modulated frequency is negative and its absolute value matches the local Alfvén or slow frequency. For many different types of the density and flow velocity profiles, we find that, especially when the parameters are such that the incident waves are totally reflected, there arises a giant overreflection where the reflectance is much larger than 10 in a fairly broad range of the incident angles, the frequency, and the plasma β, and its maximum attains values larger than 105. In a finite β plasma, both incident fast and slow magnetosonic waves are found to cause strong overreflection and there appear multiple positions exhibiting both Alfvén and slow resonances inside the plasma. We explain the mechanism of overreflection in terms of the formation of inhomogeneous and open cavities close to the resonances and the strong enhancement of the wave energy due to the occurrence of semi-bound states there. We discuss the observational consequences in magnetized terrestrial and solar plasmas.
Modeling gas permeation mechanisms through 2D membranes: Comparison between a phenomenological model and extensive molecular simulations
Authors: Guo Juncheng , Galliero Guillaume , Vermorel Romain
Published: November 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) membranes based on perforated graphene have great potential in the field of separation of chemical species for a variety of applications, including gas treatment. In addition to recent experimental studies, several works simulate the mechanisms of gas permeation through this type of membrane using molecular dynamics, but few combine different techniques to ensure that their method of choice captures all relevant mechanisms. In particular, the re-crossing mechanism leading a gas molecule that has crossed the plane of the membrane to rapidly re-cross it in the opposite direction has never been documented. In this work, we study gas permeation through a simplified 2D membrane model. We combine equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to quantify the impact of these re-crossing mechanisms on the values of the computed transport coefficients. Using non-equilibrium simulations as reference, we show that the equilibrium simulation techniques commonly used can lead to a significant overestimation of the transport properties of the membrane. We propose a simple method to probe the re-crossing dynamics during equilibrium simulations, making it possible to compute correct values of the transport coefficient without the need for non-equilibrium simulations. Furthermore, by analyzing the phenomenology observed in the simulations, we derive an analytical formula for the permeance that takes the form of an Arrhenius law with a non-trivial temperature dependent prefactor. In excellent agreement with our simulation results, this model provides a simple theoretical framework that captures the main mechanisms involved in gas permeation through 2D membranes, including the effect of re-crossing.
Dynamics of an inelastic tagged particle under strong confinement
Authors: Maynar P. , García de Soria M. I. , Brey J. J.
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of a tagged particle immersed in a fluid of particles of the same size but different mass is studied when the system is confined between two hard parallel plates separated by a distance smaller than twice the diameter of the particles. The collisions between particles are inelastic while the collisions of the particles with the hard walls inject energy in the direction perpendicular to the wall, so that stationary states can be reached in the long-time limit. The velocity distribution of the tagged particle verifies a Boltzmann–Lorentz-like equation that is solved assuming that it is a spatially homogeneous Gaussian distribution with two different temperatures (one associated with the motion parallel to the wall and another associated with the perpendicular direction). It is found that the temperature perpendicular to the wall diverges when the tagged particle mass approaches a critical mass from below, while the parallel temperature remains finite. Molecular dynamics simulation results agree very well with the theoretical predictions for tagged particle masses below the critical mass. The measurements of the velocity distribution function of the tagged particle confirm that it is Gaussian if the mass is not close to the critical mass, while it deviates from Gaussianity when approaching the critical mass. Above the critical mass, the velocity distribution function is very far from a Gaussian, being the marginal distribution in the perpendicular direction bimodal and with a much larger variance than the one in the parallel direction.
Structure function of velocity in a geostrophic vortex under strong rotation
Authors: Ogorodnikov Leon L. , Vergeles Sergey S.
Published: November 2022

We consider analytically velocity pair structure function of turbulent pulsations on the background of a coherent geostrophic vortex in a fast rotating fluid. The statistics of the turbulent pulsations is determined by their dynamics that is the dynamics of inertial waves affected by the differential rotation in the vortex and weak viscous damping. Our consideration is restricted by the smallest scales, where the velocity field remains smooth. We establish the anisotropy of the structure function. The velocity gradient of the turbulent pulsations achieves its largest value for the nearly radial direction and its smallest value in the nearly streamwise direction. The inclination angle between the directions of extremum values of the gradient and the vortex-associated directions is determined by the interplay between the shear rate and the viscosity influence. The scaling laws resemble their behavior for a passive scalar in a steady shear flow.
Wind tunnel research, dynamics, and scaling for wind energy
Authors: Bastankhah Majid , Hamilton Nicholas , Cal Raúl Bayoán
Published: November 2022

The interaction of wind turbines with turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flows represents a complex multi-scale problem that spans several orders of magnitudes of spatial and temporal scales. These scales range from the interactions of large wind farms with the ABL (on the order of tens of kilometers) to the small length scale of the wind turbine blade boundary layer (order of a millimeter). Detailed studies of multi-scale wind energy aerodynamics are timely and vital to maximize the efficiency of current and future wind energy projects, be they onshore, bottom-fixed offshore, or floating offshore. Among different research modalities, wind tunnel experiments have been at the forefront of research efforts in the wind energy community over the last few decades. They provide valuable insight about the aerodynamics of wind turbines and wind farms, which are important in relation to optimized performance of these machines. The major advantage of wind tunnel research is that wind turbines can be experimentally studied under fully controlled and repeatable conditions allowing for systematic research on the wind turbine interactions that extract energy from the incoming atmospheric flow. Detailed experimental data collected in the wind tunnel are also invaluable for validating and calibrating numerical models.