bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre pedagogias e saberes "outros": contribuições da interculturalidade para o direito à educação de migrantes no Brasil
Authors: Friedrich Tatyana Scheila , Bertoldo Jaqueline
Published: October 2024

Os fluxos migratórios para o Brasil das últimas décadas, especialmente provenientes do Sul Global, têm revelado múltiplas fronteiras e desafios na promoção dos direitos humanos. No caso do direito à educação, a presença de migrantes e pessoas em situação de refúgio nas redes de ensino tem revelado outras formas de exclusão da diferença e que ampliam as desigualdades em sociedades de profundas raízes coloniais como o Brasil. Diante desse contexto, o objetivo da pesquisa é identificar as principais contribuições teóricas e práticas da interculturalidade crítica para (re)pensar e (re)fazer o direito à educação de migrantes e pessoas em situação de refúgio na realidade brasileira. O marco teórico-metodológico está situado nas teorias da modernidade/colonialidade e que configura um caminho alternativo de pesquisa e prática diante dos desafios de direitos dos(as) migrantes não-ocidentais. Diante da experiência de migrantes nos sistemas educacionais brasileiros, a interculturalidade representa outra possibilidade de acolhimento do outro e da diferença desde uma ética da alteridade.
Construindo uma universidade internacionalizada: um estudo sobre a permanência estudantil na Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (UNILAB)
Authors: Jorge Luciana dos Santos , Da Silva Carla Craice , Almeida Luciana Schleder
Published: October 2024

A Universidade da Integração Internacional da Lusofonia Afro-Brasileira (Unilab) foi criada em 2010 com a proposta de integrar Brasil e África. Por essa razão, possui cerca de 25% do corpo discente vindos de Países de Língua Oficial Portuguesa (Palop), fundamentalmente do continente africano, além de ser uma universidade com presença maciça da população negra dos interiores da Bahia e do Ceará, onde se localizam os campi. Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o debate sobre a permanência dos estudantes da Unilab levando em conta as especificidades dos pilares do projeto. O campo da  pesquisa  foi realizado entre os meses de janeiro e abril de 2021, durante o período de pandemia. Como procedimento metodológico, em um primeiro momento, houve a aplicação de um questionário com estudantes dos três primeiros semestres do curso do Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Humanidades no campus da Bahia. Em um segundo momento, foram distribuídos sete “diários de afiliação” para estudantes selecionados a partir das respostas do primeiro momento.  Através da pesquisa, observamos que estudantes ingressantes na Unilab estão em situação de vulnerabilidade socioeconômica, mesmo aqueles atendidos pelo Programa de Assistência ao Estudante (PAES). A preocupação com a permanência material se sobrepõe em diversos momentos à permanência simbólica. A vertente simbólica da permanência estudantil não foi explicitada de forma direta nos diários por esses estudantes, mas se faz presente nas nuances do cotidiano. Garantir a permanência dessa juventude é algo desafiador especialmente pela especificidade do projeto UNILAB, o que exige um olhar sobre as trajetórias desses estudantes.
Considerações sobre o Português Língua de Acolhimento e seus impactos na política linguística
Authors: Cortez Dayane , Back Angela Cristina Di Palma
Published: October 2024

Este artigo, de caráter ensaístico, propõe uma reflexão sobre o papel das políticas linguísticas no estabelecimento do acesso ao ensino-aprendizagem do Português como Língua de Acolhimento (PLAc). As questões aqui sistematizadas partem de experiências docentes na área de PLAc e diagnósticos de pesquisas que apontam a falta de políticas linguísticas (de envergadura), conforme Cortez (2018), para o acolhimento, sistematizadas aos migrantes que chegam. Tais reflexões amparam-se em Bakthin (2006), Freire (2019), Grosso (2010), hooks (2017), Ruíz (1984), por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, com o propósito de refletir sobre a promoção e ensino da língua portuguesa no contexto de acolhimento, com vistas a uma prática de ensino de língua que não perpetue colonialismos e opressões. O debate organiza-se na contextualização do cenário, nas discussões a fim de compreender e tomar consciência das implicações para as práticas pedagógicas de PLAc e da relevância de um planejamento linguístico estabelecido de acordo com as necessidades daqueles migrantes que chegam a um aprendizado “formal”. Ampliam-se as discussões sobre as migrações contemporâneas, seus impactos locais e globais, bem como entendem as diversas frentes de atuação da condição de acolhimento, inclusive a linguística, fortalecendo a área de atuação, pesquisa e formação de PLAc. São temas para os quais este artigo tem vistas a colaborar.
Jovens em contexto de refúgio: narrativas que revelam modos de vida e o lugar da escola
Authors: Carrano Paulo Cesar Rodrigues , Magalhães Viviane Penso
Published: October 2024

O artigo aborda relações de jovens em contexto de refúgio com suas escolas e outros lugares da cidade. Migrantes, refugiados, solicitantes de refúgio e filhos de africanos, esses são estudantes e moradores do bairro de Gramacho, em Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro. Os jovens e as jovens participantes da pesquisa  compartilham representações sobre cotidianos, hábitos, costumes, entretenimentos e a socialização familiar. As experiências reveladas ocorrem no espaço-tempo antropológico que denominamos “contexto de refúgio”. As narrativas desses jovens revelam sonhos, expectativas, frustrações e alegrias atravessados pelos vínculos estabelecidos com a instituição escolar. A metodologia da pesquisa propôs que os jovens elaborassem suas narrativas através da produção de fotografias. Para isso, uma máquina fotográfica foi cedida para que estes produzissem imagens de seus cotidianos. Após recebidas e categorizadas, as fotografias proporcionaram momentos dialógicos  que fortaleceram vínculos entre os jovens e a pesquisa. Narrar o fotografado estimulou a reflexividade dos jovens sobre aquilo que decidiram selecionar para contar suas próprias histórias. Os encontros, as fotografias e as narrativas revelaram representações elaboradas a partir da ideia de oportunidade de integração que a escola enuncia para os jovens. Observamos, ainda, que para os jovens africanos e seus familiares a possibilidade de completar o ciclo de formação educacional é um fator relevante no ato de migrar.
Os imigrantes chegam às escolas... e as políticas públicas?
Authors: Damasio Marcia Jose , Rodrigues Marilda Merência
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo sistematiza o resultado de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 2019     a 2021. Discute a existência de políticas públicas estaduais de inclusão e inserção qualitativa da população haitiana nas escolas de Educação Básica do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para isso, percorre  um caminho investigativo por três instâncias, a Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Santa Catarina, o Conselho Estadual de Educação e a Assembleia Legislativa, por meio do qual é possível identificar as dinâmicas e permeabilidades do Estado às novas demandas, e inventariar os documentos oriundos dessas instâncias voltados às populações imigrantes. Do conjunto de fontes, sobressai a Lei que institui a política estadual para a população Imigrante. Os Documentos são analisados à luz das políticas educacionais e da Análise de Conteúdo. Conclui que ainda há uma invisibilidade das políticas públicas, especialmente específicas ao campo educacional. Entretanto, reconhece os avanços com a instituição de uma política estadual para essa população, o que possibilitará a emergência de políticas públicas em educação.
‘Se fosse um passarinho, também iria voar’: a escola e a educação das crianças em situação de acolhimento institucional
Authors: De Moura Mariana de Almeida , Paulo da Silva Marta Regina
Published: October 2024

Em defesa de uma escola pública pertencente ao povo, em uma perspectiva inclusiva, a pesquisa aqui relatada objetivou compreender como vem sendo construído o fazer pedagógico no cotidiano da escola com crianças sob tutela do Estado, segundo a percepção de seus professores e professoras. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, baseada nos seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: análise dos relatórios e dos levantamentos acerca dos dados nacionais e municipais que caracterizam a institucionalização infantil e sua estruturação, bem como entrevistas semiestruturadas com seis docentes que atuam ou atuaram com crianças em situação de acolhimento institucional na Região do Grande ABC Paulista, identificados(as) por meio da técnica “bola de neve” (snowball). O referencial teórico dialoga com a epistemologia freiriana, a sociologia da infância e com os estudos sobre interseccionalidade e interculturalidade. Os resultados revelam a escola como mantenedora de processos excludentes, balizados por um currículo escolar, muitas vezes, reducionista e engessado, dada a existência de preconceitos e preconcepções estereotipadas, bem como de uma visão da criança sob tutela pública como sujeito da falta, carente, violento e triste. Os(as) docentes evidenciam a carência de formações acerca do trato com essas crianças e o caráter homogeneizador de cunho eurocêntrico da própria escola no que tange ao acolhimento desses(as) meninos e meninas. Em contrapartida, relataram-se possibilidades e estruturaram-se vivências com vistas a uma pedagogia amorosa, emancipadora e humanizada, sendo a escola um ambiente de possibilidades libertadoras e de combate a toda tentativa de reducionismo e segregação.
Masculinidade do bandido: juventudes socioeducativo, entre hegemonia e subalternidade
Authors: Miranda Izabela de Faria , Cardoso Frederico Assis , De Alcântara Guilherme
Published: October 2024

Este texto é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com adolescentes em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de internação, em uma cidade do Estado de Minas Gerais. Tem por objetivo apresentar reflexões sobre essas juventudes, a “masculinidade do bandido”, seus contextos e dinâmicas que oscilam entre hegemonia e subalternidade. A partir de uma perspectiva feminista, foi realizada uma etnografia com quatro meses de trabalho de campo e 22 entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com adolescentes. O argumento central é o de que a adesão à criminalidade faz parte de um processo de valorização de um modelo de hegemonia local, por homens subalternizados pelas dinâmicas de hegemonia regional e global. A pesquisa fez uso dos conceitos de masculinidade hegemônica e de masculinidade subalternizada para descrever e analisar as dinâmicas das relações de poder que ocorrem entre homens, atendendo principalmente às demandas do capitalismo global. Entre patrões e trabalhadores e diversos outros modelos de masculinidades são construídas as masculinidades de cada bandido.
Trajetórias femininas no Complexo da Maré: contribuições da juventude
Authors: De Medeiros Cristiano Sant´Anna , Da Silva Isadora Souza , Oliveira Mariana Muniz
Published: October 2024

O presente texto, que é fruto de três pesquisas em educação, busca compreender como jovens de uma região periférica de uma grande metrópole se entendem como mulheres e se relacionam socialmente. Investigamos, assim, suas percepções do seu lugar de moradia e/ou pertencimento e o modo como as jovens lidam com questões sexistas que atravessam essas regiões. Para tal empreitada, lançamos mão de um breve olhar para as favelas em sua relação construída historicamente de exclusão com a cidade. Optamos por utilizar um referencial teórico feminista negro ( hooks 2019 e Lorde, 2019)  para melhor compreender as narrativas das jovens, além do referencial etnográficos clássico. Utilizamos, além dos dados das três pesquisas supracitadas, entrevistas com jovens mulheres moradoras do Complexo da Maré com faixa etária entre 20 e 21 anos.
Editorial
Authors: Leonardi Paula , Firmina Seixas Conceição
Published: October 2024

O segundo número da Revista Teias deste ano celebra – a partir da publicação da seção temática Aprender ao longo da vida — direito humano, direito social e subjetivo, formação política: (inter)faces da educação no Brasil e no mundo, que traz 27 artigos; da seção de demanda contínua, que contempla 07 artigos; além de 01 ensaio – uma reflexão rica e aprofundada de temáticas importantes para o campo da educação brasileira, em seu aspecto amplo, com vista a um horizonte que tenha a igualdade, democracia e justiça social como base. Engloba pesquisas produzidas por universidades de todas as regiões do Brasil, além de contribuições de autores da Argentina.
Enhancing food sustainability in the acute hospital setting – a nurse-led study of patient food
Authors: Moody Suzy Clare
Published: October 2024

Background:

Intensive global food production causes soil, water and air pollution, which has a negative impact on our health and future ability to produce sufficient nutritious food. Plant-based diets have the potential to reduce the environmental damage associated with the global food chain.

Aims:

The project sought to understand drivers of food waste and to improve food sustainability in a busy, tertiary referral hospital in England.

Methods:

Ward-level food waste was quantified. Qualitative data were collected using informal interviews with staff and additional data utilised the patient feedback survey. Ward-level food packaging waste and patient food choices were quantified using data on patient menu choices. The carbon footprint of patient food choices was calculated.

Findings:

Beef was the most popular menu choice, and was the main contributing factor to the high environmental impact of the hospital food chain. Increasing the visibility of vegetarian options on the menu led to a four-fold rise in these meals being chosen, which reduced the carbon footprint of the patient meal service. Recycling food packaging was also started, but there are challenges to widespread implementation.

Conclusion:

The project was successful, but it remains a starting point from which to increase food sustainability across the NHS and care sector catering provision
Ways to increase the biogenicity and fertility of the soil cover of oil-polluted landscapes
Authors: Nadjafova S. I. , Ismaylov N. M. , Gasimova A. S. , Bayram K. X.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to - studying the impact of oil pollution (Siyazanneft field) on the dynamics of microbiological processes in the soil and the identifying of the possibility of reducing amount of hydrocarbons in the soil cover using biotechnology methods, in a controlled mode. In the series of model experiments, the effect of the various additives and the prepared bioproduct to the decomposition of hydrocarbons and the biological activity of oil-contaminated soils was studied. In a model experiment introduction of ameliorants into contaminated soil, separately and together, contributed to increasing of the general biogenecity of soils and the decreasing of the oil content in the soil by 17-62% compared to the control. These biotechnologies can be very effective in the development of bioremediation technologies for oil-contaminated soils.
The inefficiency of centralised control and political short-termism: the case of the Prison Service in England and Wales
Authors: Warner Sam , Richards David , Coyle Diane , Smith Martin J.
Published: October 2024

A paradox of the New Public Management reform – an influential school of thought in the management of public services in some countries – is that, despite its rhetoric of discretion for public managers, governments frequently reassert direct input controls at the expense of managerial freedoms to deliver – and be held accountable for – agreed output/outcome objectives. The existing literature explains this by highlighting elite incentive structures and institutional norms, but often neglects the wider implications for public managers beyond the centre. Addressing this gap, we trace the effects of public spending control from allocation to delivery through a detailed case study of prisons in England and Wales. We show how ‘top-down’ public spending control, hyper-centralised governance arrangements and ministerial activism combine to subvert managerial freedom and undermine ongoing service improvement. The overriding importance of year-by-year fiscal performance results in short-term, poorly evaluated decision making and limited capacity for strategic policy implementation. This case points to wider lessons regarding performance budgeting regimes in the UK and elsewhere.
The Imaginary and the Symbolic in Shakespeare’s Venus and Adonis
Authors: Bates Catherine
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article unfolds a broadly Lacanian reading of Shakespeare’s poem, Venus and Adonis (1593). In this mythological tale of a mortal youth whose relation with a goddess is fatally severed when a boar gores him in the thigh, it finds an allegory of oedipalization: the experience of “castration” which impels the subject into absence, difference, language, adult sexuality, and desire. In its compensatory and redemptive capacity, language offers to fill the gap with words, giving us the whole order of art, all that can be imagined, narrated, and believed (the Imaginary). But insofar as it is based on loss and lack, language testifies to an insatiable desire for meaning it is unable to fulfill (the Symbolic). Here we find Shakespeare, still at an early stage in his writing career, weighing up these two radically different linguistic registers—comic and tragic, respectively—as he contemplated the different modes and potentialities for his craft.
D. W. Winnicott, Julian of Norwich, and the Good-Enough Mother/Mystic
Authors: Lucas Hannah
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article examines the theological resonances in D. W. Winnicott’s theory of motherhood and infant development, bringing to light possible inheritances from the medieval mystical tradition. Considered against Winnicott’s own Wesleyan upbringing and later conversion to Anglicanism, a close reading of his personal writings reveals a personal identification with the Christ-figure and evidence of medievalism in his work that has not been previously recognized. The discussion then compares Winnicott’s paradigm of the “good-enough mother” with the language of maternal “enoughness” in the Revelations of fourteenth-century theologian, Julian of Norwich. This comparison uncovers a shared preoccupation with maternal love and sustained devotional practice, and what I call Julian’s “ordinary-language theology” is put forward as a potential precedent for what Adam Phillips has termed Winnicott’s “ordinary-language psychoanalysis.”*
Autotheography “Now”: Theorizing Genre and Sanctification in Julia A. J. Foote’s A Brand Plucked from the Fire
Authors: McFarlane-Harris Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Jennifer McFarlane-Harris introduces the term “autotheography” to account for writing the self through theology and the interpretation of Scripture; the subject understands herself in relation to and actualized through God. This article examines Julia A. J. Foote’s A Brand Plucked from the Fire (1879) as a key example of this subgenre, wherein Foote’s autotheographical process is a metaphoric, episodic approach to life in the Holy Spirit, with special emphasis on biblical typology (the spiritual “brand”) and a Methodist-inspired immediacy of verb progressions (“now”), to invite her readers to understand and experience the fullness of salvation through sanctification. Ultimately, Foote issues a call for social justice and creates a community of readers in her charismatic, genre-bending text, both in the nineteenth century and for scholar-readers today.
Sacraments, Veils, and the Altar of Democracy: Calvinist Rhetoric in W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Minister’s Black Veil”
Authors: Leise Christopher
Published: October 2024

Abstract: W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Souls of Black Folk (1903) often speaks in terminology that resonates distinctively with New English Protestant discourse. Souls does so partly because of a growing indifference among formerly animated Northeastern white abolitionists, which imperiled Black voting rights at the turn of the twentieth century. This article argues that Souls articulates a Black literary identity through metaphors reminiscent of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Minister’s Black Veil,” a text that takes on new meanings in light of the hermeneutics practiced within Souls . Du Bois reminds white Protestants that all America’s souls, regardless of race, remain bound by a sacramental force in New English visions of American democracy, while simultaneously drawing on Calvinist rhetoric to insist on the importance of liberal education to the personal and social transformation of African Americans.
Reading against the Grain: How the Victorian Kelmscott Chaucer Reworks Medieval Cultural Heritage
Authors: Qiu Xinyuan
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Among the many Chaucer manuscripts and printed editions, the 1896 Kelmscott Chaucer is a special case that has stimulated scholars' curiosity about the purpose behind the creation of a quasi-manuscript nearly half a millennium after Chaucer's time. This lavishly decorated book has drawn wide scholarly attention to its illustrations and ornamental features. Unlike other large-scope studies that examine the whole book, this essay focuses on illustrations and decorations in The Canterbury Tales and argues that William Morris's book project reworks medieval literary heritage to convey his own reformist views. The first three sections show how Morris uses his page designs to highlight Chaucer's concerns regarding humanity's relations to nature and art, in which he finds enduring relevant values for Victorian society. Morris uses the page designs to elicit contemporary readers' attention and to convey his aesthetic and political views. The fourth section draws on the author's hands-on experience with the codex to discuss its material aspects. While catching the reader's attention may slow down the process of reading, Morris's physical design of the book and the exemplary nature of its materiality challenge modern notions of reading. Paradoxically, Morris's Kelmscott Chaucer is a modern book that reworks medieval heritage but that also, by means of such reworking, invents a Victorian heritage. The final section discusses how new technologies have interacted with Morris's invented heritage to influence twenty-first-century reading practices.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of a light field based on phase restoration for highly reflective surfaces
Authors: Feng Wei , Fan Jiahao , Xu Jiangtao , Liu Da
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes, a novel, to our knowledge, phase-restoration-based light field method to achieve 3D reconstruction of highly reflective surfaces. First, a focused light field camera whose angular and spatial resolutions can be adjusted according to the needs has been designed and fabricated to capture 4D light field information. Then, according to the pixel offsets between different sub-aperture images, a phase restoration method based on multi-view complementary information is proposed to restore the missing absolute phase information caused by highlights. Finally, a cubic B-spline curve method is used to directly fit the relationship between absolute phase and coordinates to achieve 3D reconstruction of highly reflective surfaces. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively utilizes the multi-view information from the light field to restore missing absolute phase data in the phase unwrapping, ensuring accurate 3D reconstruction of highly reflective surfaces. What is more, our method requires no additional hardware, camera angle calibration, or point cloud fusion, which significantly reduces both hardware complexity and computational demands.
Opportunities in modern photonics
Authors: Tcypkin Anton N. , Zhukova Maria O.
Published: October 2024

Photonics, encompassing laser-optical and optoelectronic technologies, plays a key role in the development of the global economy. Readers of Opticheskiĭ Zhurnal (the Journal of Optical Technology) are introduced to selected scientific papers based on the results of the first All-Russian Scientific Conference with international participation, namely, Neva Photonics 2023, which was held at ITMO University, St. Petersburg, from 9 to 13 October 2023. The event was co-organized by the Siberian Federal University.
Power domain superimposed modulation method based on dimensional level transformation and 5D constellation shaping
Authors: Liu Haojun , Liu Bo , Ren Jianxin , Mao Yaya , Zhao Jianye , Liu Zhi , Chen Tao , Wang Feng , Wu Xiangyu , Chen Shuaidong , Li Ying , Song Xiumin , Qi Zhipeng
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a power domain superposition modulation method based on dimensional level transformation and five dimensions (5D) constellation shaping. Stacking a regular triangular pyramid and enhancing it in terms of dimensions achieves the geometric shaping of the 5D constellation. Based on this, signal superposition in the power domain is achieved through dimensional transformation for data modulation. Experimental verification was conducted on a 2 km seven-core fiber in an IM/DD system. Compared to the traditional 2D-32QAM, this method can achieve a 0.7 dB gain at high received optical power and a 0.4 dB receiver sensitivity gain at a BER of 3.8 × 10−3.
Toward higher-frequency fringe projection profilometry with fewer patterns
Authors: Zeng Jinghui , Li Yucheng , Li Shutao , Tan Mingkui
Published: October 2024

Phase unwrapping is crucial in fringe projection profilometry (FPP) 3D measurement. However, achieving efficient and robust phase unwrapping remains a challenge, particularly when dealing with high-frequency fringes to achieve high accuracy. Existing methods rely on heavy fringe projections, inevitably sacrificing measurement efficiency. To address this problem, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, phase analysis method based on composite fringe patterns. By embedding a multi-period space-varying phase shift (SPS) into the phase domain, the noise amplification issues in high-frequency phase unwrapping is effectively addressed. Our proposed method requires fewer patterns than conventional methods, utilizing only four fringe patterns for absolute phase retrieval. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of our proposed method and demonstrate its superior efficiency and accuracy through quantitative comparisons.
Broadband high coupling efficiency edge coupler with low polarization-dependence on the silicon-nitride platform
Authors: Dagenais Mario , ai xiheng , xuan Maxwell , Zhang Yang , Hsu Wei-lun , Veilleux Sylvain
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present an ultra-broadband double-tip edge coupler with high coupling efficiencies for both TE and TM polarizations on a silicon nitride platform. The coupler is designed for the high NA fiber which provides a smaller mode size. In simulations, both TE and TM coupling efficiencies remain above 90% within the wavelength range 1000-2000nm. In comparison, the TE and TM coupling efficiencies of the conventional single-tip coupler design can drop below 73% over this range. An ultra-high coupling efficiency above 95% is predicted over a bandwidth of 760 nm for the TE mode with the double-tip design, compared to 450nm for the single-tip design. Experimentally, the highest measured coupling efficiencies for the double-tip and single-tip couplers are 97.3% and 96%, respectively. For the double-tip design, the coupling efficiency remains above 90% within the measurement range (1450-1640nm), as the polarization state changes with the wavelength. These measurements confirm the polarization insensitivity of the double-tip design. In addition, we measure the performance of the double-tip design with a laser source operating at shorter wavelengths. The measured 94% coupling efficiency at 1280nm indicates the broad bandwidth of the coupler. This work is anticipated to provide a promising foundation for the development of compact efficient photonic devices.
Plasmonically enhanced solar-blind self-powered photodetector array utilizing Pt nanoparticles-modified Ga2O3 nanorod heterojunction
Authors: Zhao Qinzhi , Mao Lingfeng , Wan Peng , Li Lijian , Tang Kai , Kan Caixia , Shi Daning , Wang Xiaoxuan , Jiang Mingming
Published: October 2024

Low-dimensional Ga2O3 monocrystalline micro/nanostructures show promising application prospects in large-area arrays, integrated circuits, and flexible optoelectronic devices, owing to their exceptional optoelectronic performance and scalability for mass production. Herein, we developed an 8×8 array of high-performance solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors based on Pt nanoparticles-modified Ga2O3 (PtNPs@Ga2O3) nanorod film heterojunction with p-GaN substrate serving as the hole transporting layer. The PtNPs@Ga2O3/GaN heterojunction detector units exhibit outstanding photovoltaic performance at 0 V bias, demonstrating high responsivity (189.0 mA/W), specific detectivity (4.0×1012 Jones), external quantum efficiency (92.4%), and swift response time (674/692 µs) under an irradiance of 1  μW/cm2 at 254 nm. Their exceptional performance stands out among competitors of the same type. In addition, the detector array demonstrated satisfactory results in a conceptual demonstration of high-resolution imaging, benefiting from the excellent stability and uniformity exhibited by its array units. These findings provide a straightforward and viable method for developing a high-performance solar-blind ultraviolet detector array based on low-dimensional Ga2O3 nanorod monocrystalline, demonstrating their potential advancement in large-area, integrable, and flexible optoelectronic devices.
Just-in-time: Gaze guidance in natural behavior
Authors: Keshava Ashima , Nezami Farbod Nosrat , Neumann Henri , Izdebski Krzysztof , Schüler Thomas , König Peter
Published: October 2024

Natural eye movements have primarily been studied for over-learned activities such as tea-making, sandwich-making, and hand-washing, which have a fixed sequence of associated actions. These studies demonstrate a sequential activation of low-level cognitive schemas facilitating task completion. However, whether these action schemas are activated in the same pattern when a task is novel and a sequence of actions must be planned in the moment is unclear. Here, we recorded gaze and body movements in a naturalistic task to study action-oriented gaze behavior. In a virtual environment, subjects moved objects on a life-size shelf to achieve a given order. To compel cognitive planning, we added complexity to the sorting tasks. Fixations aligned with the action onset showed gaze as tightly coupled with the action sequence, and task complexity moderately affected the proportion of fixations on the task-relevant regions. Our analysis revealed that gaze fixations were allocated to action-relevant targets just in time. Planning behavior predominantly corresponded to a greater visual search for task-relevant objects before the action onset. The results support the idea that natural behavior relies on the frugal use of working memory, and humans refrain from encoding objects in the environment to plan long-term actions. Instead, they prefer just-in-time planning by searching for action-relevant items at the moment, directing their body and hand to it, monitoring the action until it is terminated, and moving on to the following action.
Evolution of the pheV-tRNA integrated genomic island in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nhu Nguyen Thi Khanh , Forde Brian M. , Ben Zakour Nouri L. , Phan Minh-Duy , Roberts Leah W. , Beatson Scott A. , Schembri Mark A.
Published: October 2024

Escherichia coli exhibit extensive genetic diversity at the genome level, particularly within their accessory genome. The tRNA integrated genomic islands (GIs), a part of the E. coli accessory genome, play an important role in pathogenicity. However, studies examining the evolution of GIs have been challenging due to their large size, considerable gene content variation and fragmented assembly in draft genomes. Here we examined the evolution of the GI integrated at pheV-tRNA (GI-pheV), with a primary focus on uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) and the globally disseminated multidrug resistant ST131 clone. We show the gene content of GI-pheV is highly diverse and arranged in a modular configuration, with the P4 integrase encoding gene intP4 the only conserved gene. Despite this diversity, the GI-pheV gene content displayed conserved features among strains from the same pathotype. In ST131, GI-pheV corresponding to the reference strain EC958 (EC958_GI-pheV) was found in ~90% of strains. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that GI-pheV in ST131 has evolved together with the core genome, with the loss/gain of specific modules (or the entire GI) linked to strain specific events. Overall, we show GI-pheV exhibits a dynamic evolutionary pathway, in which modules and genes have evolved through multiple events including insertions, deletions and recombination.
Development and longevity of naturally acquired antibody and memory B cell responses against Plasmodium vivax infection
Authors: Thawornpan Pongsakorn , Kochayoo Piyawan , Salsabila Zulfa Zahra , Chootong Patchanee
Published: October 2024

Plasmodium vivax malaria causes significant public health problems in endemic regions. Considering the rapid spread of drug-resistant parasite strains and the development of hypnozoites in the liver with potential for relapse, development of a safe and effective vaccine for preventing, controlling, and eliminating the infection is critical. Immunity to malaria is mediated by antibodies that inhibit sporozoite or merozoite invasion into host cells and protect against clinical disease. Epidemiologic data from malaria endemic regions show the presence of naturally acquired antibodies to P. vivax antigens during and following infection. But data on the persistence of these antibodies, development of P. vivax-specific memory B cells (MBCs), and their relation to reduction of malaria severity and risk is limited. This review provides an overview of the acquisition and persistence of naturally acquired humoral immunity to P. vivax infection. Also, we summarize and discuss current progress in assessment of immune responses to candidate vaccine antigens in P. vivax patients from different transmission settings. Longitudinal studies of MBC and antibody responses to these antigens will open new avenues for developing vaccines against malaria infection and its transmission.
What I don’t know can hurt you: Collateral combat damage seems more acceptable when bystander victims are unidentified
Authors: Danielson Scott , Conway Paul , Vonasch Andrew
Published: October 2024

Five experiments (N = 2,204) examined responses to a realistic moral dilemma: a military pilot must decide whether to bomb a dangerous enemy target, also killing a bystander. Few people endorsed bombing when the bystander was an innocent civilian; however, when the bystander’s identity was unknown, over twice as many people endorsed the bombing. Follow-up studies tested boundary conditions and found the effect to extend beyond modern-day conflicts in the Middle East, showing a similar pattern of judgment for a fictional war. Bombing endorsement was predicted by attitudes towards total war, the theory that there should be no distinction between military and civilian targets in wartime conflict. Bombing endorsement was lower for UK compared to US participants due to differences in total war attitudes. This work has implications for conflicts where unidentified bystanders are common by revealing a potentially deadly bias: people often assume unidentified bystanders are guilty unless proven innocent.
Prevalence and association of musculoskeletal disorders with various risk factors among older Indian adults: Insights from a nationally representative survey
Authors: Tiwari Jaya , Halder Pritam , Sharma Divya , Saini Uttam Chand , Rajagopal Vineeth , Kiran Tanvi
Published: October 2024

Background

Globally, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the biggest contributor (17%) to years lived with disability. For offering diagnosis and appropriate health interventions options along with follow-up care, it is pertinent to have a thorough awareness of its associated risk factors.

Objectives

The study aims to assess the prevalence and association between MSDs and risk factors among the Indian older adults above 45 years.

Methodology

Prevalence of MSDs among 28,436 participants was estimated using nationally representative survey on older Indian adults. Spatial distribution maps were created to display the magnitude of MSD prevalence at Indian sub-national level. Association between presence of MSDs and associated risk factors (such as occupation, employment duration, physical activity, BMI, diabetes, hypertension, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption) was explored through Multivariate logistic regression. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

MSD was prevalent in over half of participants (53.5 (52.9–54.1)%), with more among females and in those aged >60 years (60.4 (59.3–61.4)%). Overall, joint pain (41.9 (41.3–41.4)%) was more common than back pain (32.6 (32.0–33.1)%). Prevalence was highest in Manipur (81.1 (77.9–83.9)%) and lowest in West Bengal (33.1 (30.7–35.5)%). MSD presence was positively associated with certain occupational groups, pre-obesity (BMI 25–29.9 Kg/m2), currently hypertensive, vigorous physical activity among overall population. Tobacco usage was positively associated, while alcohol consumption was linked to a lower occurrence of MSDs for 45–60 years age group.

Conclusions

Customised policy interventions can be developed for specific age category of older Indian adults and musculoskeletal health can be improved by addressing modifiable risk factors such as physical inactivity, tobacco usage, avoiding workplace risks in occupations requiring manual labour as revealed by this study.
Work stress and burnout among active correctional officers in Puerto Rico: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Laureano-Morales Lisyaima , Saldaña-Santiago Nashaly , Malave-Velez Nitza , Quiles-Aponte Joshua , Travieso-Perez Sherrilyz , Diaz-Algorri Yaritza , Vera Alexis
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Correctional officers (COs) are exposed to emotional and physical harm by the nature of their work. Operational stress can lead to burnout and influence absences and COs work performance.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the association between work-related stress and burnout adjusted by potential confounding variables (age, sex, correctional facility, type of correctional facility, distance to work, and absenteeism).

Methods

The sample of this cross-sectional study was made up of 799 prison officials. The self-administered questionnaire consisted of four instruments: demographic data, Health and Job Performance Questionnaire, Police Operational Stress Questionnaire, and Maslach Burnout Inventory. The questionnaires were completed online and in person.

Results

A high proportion of COs reported high operational stress and burnout levels. Fatigue was the highest mean value from all stressors, with 5.89. COs reported high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. They also reported low levels of personal accomplishment. Furthermore, COs with high stress levels are approximately eight times more likely to experience burnout.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that COs in Puerto Rico exposed to stress are more vulnerable to present burnout. The findings suggest that evidence-based interventions and programs should be implemented to help prevent and reduce operational stress and burnout among COs.
L-Arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) transport across the mouse blood-brain and blood-CSF barriers: Evidence of saturable transport at both interfaces and CNS to blood efflux
Authors: Fidanboylu Mehmet , Thomas Sarah Ann
Published: October 2024

L-Arginine is the physiological substrate for the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) family, which synthesises nitric oxide (NO) in endothelial and neuronal cells. NO synthesis can be inhibited by endogenous asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). NO has explicit roles in cellular signalling and vasodilation. Impaired NO bioavailability represents the central feature of endothelial dysfunction associated with vascular diseases. Interestingly, dietary supplementation with L-arginine has been shown to alleviate endothelial dysfunctions caused by impaired NO synthesis. In this study the transport kinetics of [3H]-arginine and [3H]-ADMA into the central nervous system (CNS) were investigated using physicochemical assessment and the in situ brain/choroid plexus perfusion technique in anesthetized mice. Results indicated that L-arginine and ADMA are tripolar cationic amino acids and have a gross charge at pH 7.4 of 0.981. L-Arginine (0.00149±0.00016) has a lower lipophilicity than ADMA (0.00226±0.00006) as measured using octanol-saline partition coefficients. The in situ perfusion studies revealed that [3H]-arginine and [3H]-ADMA can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-CSF barrier. [3H]-Arginine (11.6nM) and [3H]-ADMA (62.5nM) having unidirectional transfer constants (Kin) into the frontal cortex of 5.84±0.86 and 2.49±0.35 μl.min-1.g-1, respectively, and into the CSF of 1.08±0.24 and 2.70±0.90 μl.min-1.g-1, respectively. In addition, multiple-time uptake studies revealed the presence of CNS-to-blood efflux of ADMA. Self- and cross-inhibition studies indicated the presence of transporters at the BBB and the blood-CSF barriers for both amino acids, which were shared to some degree. Importantly, these results are the first to demonstrate: (i) saturable transport of [3H]-ADMA at the blood-CSF barrier (choroid plexus) and (ii) a significant CNS to blood efflux of [3H]-ADMA. Our results suggest that the arginine paradox, in other words the clinical observation that NO-deficient patients respond well to oral supplementation with L-arginine even though the plasma concentration is sufficient to saturate endothelial NOS, could be related to altered ADMA transport (efflux).
Prescription trends in Japanese advanced Parkinson’s disease patients with non-motor symptoms: J-FIRST
Authors: Nomoto Masahiro , Tsuboi Yoshio , Kashihara Kenichi , Chiu Shih-Wei , Maeda Tetsuya , Saiki Hidemoto , Watanabe Hirohisa , Shimo Yasushi , Hattori Nobutaka , Yamaguchi Takuhiro ,   on behalf of the J-FIRST Investigators
Published: October 2024

Background

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are important factors when selecting treatments for patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD). We sought to elucidate the prescribing practices for advanced PD patients with NMS in Japanese clinical practice.

Methods

We examined the prescription rates and doses of anti-PD drugs, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in post hoc analyses of a 52-week observational study of 996 PD patients with wearing-off on levodopa-containing therapy and ≥1 NMS.

Results

Dopamine agonists were the most frequently prescribed drugs combined with levodopa-containing drugs, followed by entacapone, zonisamide, istradefylline, selegiline, and amantadine. The daily dose of levodopa-containing drugs, rotigotine, entacapone, istradefylline, and droxidopa, and the levodopa-equivalent dose increased during the observation period. In a subgroup analysis of patients stratified by NMS status (improved/unchanged/deteriorated), the deteriorated group had higher prescription rates of entacapone and istradefylline, whereas the improved group had higher prescription rates of NSAIDs and zonisamide at Week 52. Prescriptions varied by geographical region for anti-PD drugs and by NMS status for NSAIDs.

Conclusions

There were significant changes in the prescriptions and dosing of selected anti-PD drugs, especially newer drugs. Anti-PD drug and NSAID prescriptions also varied by changes in NMS status and geographic region.
Multi-objective optimal decision for orderly power utilization based on improved ε-constraint method in active distribution networks
Authors: Wen Xin , Li Hui , Wu Xiaoqiang , Li Yiwei , Siliang Liu , Huang Guohua
Published: October 2024

With the increasing demand for electricity load in China, orderly power utilization are important measures to alleviate electricity shortages during peak periods. This article establishes a multi-objective optimization model for orderly power utilization in active distribution networks is established, with the optimization objectives of minimizing the total operation cost, minimizing the cost for users, and minimizing the load fluctuation of the system. This model contains a large number of integer variables and nonlinear constraints, which is difficult to solve. To reduce computation time, convex relaxation techniques are adopted to transform the original model into a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MISOCP) model, which has lower computational complexity. Furthermore, The improved ε-constraint method is proposed to solve the model, which can directly and quickly find the compromise optimal solution of the multi-objective problem. By using simplex search algorithm, the proposed method dose not need to traverse all grid points, which can significantly reduce computation time. Finally, case study on the the IEEE-33 bus distribution network demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multiphasic movement and step-selection patterns of dispersed tigers in the central Indian landscape
Authors: Dutta Supratim , Krishnamurthy Ramesh
Published: October 2024

Large carnivores play a crucial role in the ecosystem, though their conservation needs a landscape-level approach due to their wide range of habitats and dispersal events. The study of tigers in a human-dominated landscape matrix and their adaptation and adjustment of movement behaviours during the dispersal phase is essential for long-term conservation planning and management policy. We studied the dispersal event of five VHF/GPS collared individuals during 2009–2020. We investigated movement parameters (step length), and the effects of anthropogenic pressures (distance from village), distance from water and vegetation cover, on behavioural phase under a Hidden Markov Model framework. We also tested the effects of distance from village, vegetation cover, and habitat types on animal movement using an integrated Step Selection Function framework. The mean step length (405.44±10.63 m/hr) varied widely by different time of day. Displacement was high during the night (665.28±21.36 m/hr) compared to day (434.16±17.37 m/hr). Tigers moved fast (872.7m; 95% CI 839.1–906.3m) with longer step length and a directional turning angle in non-forested areas (i.e. the human-dominated landscape), likely to avoid conflict with humans. Individuals distinctly exhibited two behavioural states: encamping (~32% of the time) and travelling (~68% of the time). Further, they avoided the human-dominated landscape and mostly remained in and forested areas, especially during nighttime. Our study is the first attempt to understand behavioural transition of dispersal tigers and their habitat selection. Lesser anthropogenic disturbance and high vegetation cover positively influenced the tiger dispersal, while water availability did not affect their state transitional probability. Additionally, dispersers showed high affinity towards forested land during nighttime for travelling.The findings of this study show the importance of functional corridors and stepping stones (mostly encamping areas), and also provide baseline knowledge for integrated landscape management planning and policymaking for the long-term survival of tigers in metapopulation framework.