bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2: an overview
Authors: A El-Masry Eman
Published: December 2021

In the past years, numerous new fatal infections have emerged, including Ebola, Nipah, and Zika viruses, as well as coronaviruses. Recently, infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged in China, and were then transmitted all over the world, causing the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is transmitted at a higher rate than other diseases caused by coronaviruses. At the time of writing this review, COVID-19 is not contained in most countries in spite of quarantine, physical distancing, and enhanced hygiene measures. In this review, I address different methods for passive and active immunization against this virus, which is known to cause fatal respiratory disease, including natural passive immunization by breast milk, natural active immunization by herd immunization, artificial passive immunization by convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies, and artificial active immunization by vaccination. I hope this review will help design a prophylactic approach against outbreaks and pandemics of related coronaviruses in the future.

Keywords: Breastfeeding; COVID-19; herd immunity; monoclonal antibodies; SARS-CoV; vaccine.
Effectiveness and safety of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate single-tablet combination among HIV-infected patients in Turkey: results from a real world setting
Authors: Mete Bilgul , Gunduz Alper , Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu Hayat , Gumuser Fatma , Bolukcu Sibel , Sevgi Yildiz Dilek , Altuntas Aydin Ozlem , Bilge Bilgenur , Dokmetas Ilyas , Tabak Fehmi
Published: December 2021

Background: Efficacy of elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil (E/C/F/TDF) in treatment-naïve and experienced patients with HIV infection was demonstrated in phase 3 trials. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate effectiveness and safety of E/C/F/TDF in real world settings.

Methods: Retrospective, observational data collected by the Turkish ACTHIV-IST study group between May 2015 and December 2016 were analysed.

Results: A total of 387 patients were prescribed E/C/F/TDF; 210 patients with available data at 6th month were eligible; 91.5% were male, and mean age was 35.2 (SD: 10.8) years; 54.0% of males identified themselves as MSM. Sixty-three percent (133) of the study population were treatment-naïve patients, and 37% (77) were treatment experienced. HIV RNA level was below 100 copies/mL in 78.9% of treatment-naïve patients and 89.9% of treatment experienced patients at month 6. Median increase in CD4 T lymphocyte count was 218 copies/mL in treatment-naïve patients and remained stable or increased in treatment experienced patients. Adverse events were observed in 15% of the patients, and the regimen was discontinued in only six patients.

Conclusion: Real world data on the effectiveness and safety of E/C/F/TDF is comparable with the phase 3 trial results Adverse events are uncommon and manageable.

Keywords: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; HIV; effectiveness; safety.
Factors associated with readiness to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) among young people (15-24 years) at four HIV clinics in Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Authors: Nkalubo Jonathan , Mugaba Moureen , Asasira Ignatius , Nakiganda Racheal , Namutebi Florence , Ntore Arnaud Nick , Kagumba Musisi Nicholas , Abasira Trinity , Jemba Pius , Ndyabawe Racheal , Tumuhairwe Rosette , Batte Charles , Bakeera-Kitaka Sabrina
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Globally, the HIV burden continues to rise among young people despite the discovery of ART. This study assessed demographic and psycho-social factors among young people associated with readiness to be initiated on ART.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV positive young people aged 15-24 years at 4 HIV clinics at Mulago Hospital. Readiness was measured as a self-report by the individual to the question,“How ready do you feel to start ART?

Results: Of the 231 young people enrolled, the mean age (SD) was 20.7years (+/-2.8) and most were female (66.2%). Majority were very ready (53.3%) and very motivated (51.1%) to start ART. Higher treatment readiness was associated with being female (95% CI [5.62, 8.31], p=0.003), thinking that ART cures HIV (95% CI [0.43, 0.86], p=0.005), history of having unprotected sex (95% CI [0.79, 0.87], p=<0.001), anticipating negative HIV results (95% CI [0.26, 0.88], p=0.017), internalized stigma (95% CI [0.83, 0.98], p=0.018) and knowledge of positive ART effects for others (95% CI [0.84, 0.93], p=<0.001).

Conclusions: Understanding the underlying factors associated with ART readiness among young people can inform strategiesto support and increase individuals’ readiness to initiate ART and early engagement in care.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy Readiness; Young people; Sub-Saharan Africa.
Malaria health seeking practices for children, and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy in Wakiso District, Uganda
Authors: Musoke David , Ndejjo Rawlance , Tsebeni Wafula Solomon , Kasasa Simon , Nakiyingi-Miiro Jessica , Boses Musoke Miph
Published: December 2021

Background: Timely health care among children with suspected malaria, and intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) in pregnancy avert related morbidity and mortality in endemic regions especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Malaria burden has steadily been declining in endemic countries due to progress made in scaling up of such important interventions.

Objectives: The study assessed malaria health seeking practices for children under five years of age, and IPTp in Wakiso district, Uganda.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 727 households. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were performed in STATA to ascertain factors associated with the place where treatment for children with suspected malaria was first sought (government versus private facility) and uptake of IPTp.

Results: Among caretakers of children with suspected malaria, 69.8% sought care on the day of onset of symptoms. The place where treatment was first sought for the children (government versus private) was associated with participants’ (household head or other adult) age (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001) and household income (p = 0.011). Among women who had a child in the five years preceding the study, 179 (63.0%) had obtained two or more IPTp doses during their last pregnancy. Uptake of two or more IPTp doses was associated with the women’s education level (p = 0.006), having heard messages about malaria through mass media (p = 0.008), knowing the recommended number of IPTp doses (p < 0.001), and knowing the drug used in IPTp (p < 0.001). 

Conclusion: There is need to improve malaria health seeking practices among children and pregnant women particularly IPTp through programmes aimed at increasing awareness among the population.

Keywords: Health seeking behaviour; intermittent preventive treatment; malaria; children; pregnancy; Uganda.
A cohort study of the relationship between anaemia, mean corpuscular volume and mortality among a CKD population in South Africa
Authors: Nalado Aishatu , Waziri Bala , Olorunfemi Gbenga , Mahlangu Johnny , Paget Graham , Duarte Raquel , Naicker Saraladevi
Published: December 2021

Background: The burden of chronic kidney disease is increasing globally and prompt identification, coupled with improved management of CKD patients have increased the population of pre-dialysis patients. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the predictors of survival among pre-dialysis CKD patients in South Africa.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study of 256 consecutive consenting Black non-dialysis requiring CKD patients attending the renal outpatient clinic of a tertiary Hospital in South Africa from 1st June 2016 to 1st December 2016. Socio-demographic and clinical information of the participants were obtained. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted to evaluate factors affecting the survival of the participants.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 52.8±14.3 years and 48.0% were females, 52% were males. The death rate increased with worsening haemoglobin level from 0.96 among patients with mild anaemia to 4.29 per 100-person years among patients with severe anaemia. Anaemic patients with GFR < 30mls/min had significantly increased risk of death (HR 11.51, 95% CI 1.62–78.32, P < 0.001).

Conclusion: Mortality in pre-dialysis CKD patients was associated with anaemia and hyperphosphatemia. Clinical interventions targeted at preventing these conditions may improve outcomes among this group of CKD patients.

Keywords: Chronic kidney disease; mortality anaemia; outcomes, survival.
Effects of lifestyle on sexual function among postmenopausal women
Authors: Rahnavardi Mona , Bostani Khalesi Zahra , Rezaie-Chamani Sedighe
Published: December 2021

Background: A healthy lifestyle has a key role in reducing health problems. Since one of the most common problems in Postmenopausal women has been sexual dysfunction (SD). The specific purpose of the present study was to identify the effects of health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) on sexual function among postmenopausal women.Methods: The present cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted on 405 Postmenopausal women aged 45–60 years, using the convenience sampling method.Data collection was done using three questionnaires of demographic, health-promoting lifestyle profile-II (HPLP-II) and female sexual function index (FSFI). Data were analyzed in the SPSS-16 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The statistical significance level was regarded as less than 0.05.Results: In general, the result of this study identified a 68% prevalence of SD among participants. The mean score obtained from the HPLP II was 2.27 (SD = 0.42), the highest score of its sub-scales was spiritual growth and the lowest score was physical activity.The mean score of FSFI among the studied women was 23.16 (SD = 0.29), the highest score of six sub-scales was satisfaction and the lowest score was lubrication among participants. A strong correlation was found between the total FSFI scores, and spiritual growth (r=0.048), interpersonal relations (r=0.02), stress management (r=0.000), (p<0.0001).Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that a healthy lifestyle affects sexual function. Given that a healthy lifestyleis one of the most important ways to help women overcome SD, a healthy lifestyle promoting interventions necessary forPostmenopausal women.Keywords: Lifestyle; Postmenopausal Women; Sexual Function.
Association between type of birth attendants and neonatal mortality: Evidence from a National survey
Authors: Julius Baruwa Ololade , Yaw Amoateng Acheampong , Mkwananzi Sibusiso
Published: December 2021

Background: Although Lesotho has one of the highest childhood mortality levels in Southern Africa, there has been limited research on the link between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality in Lesotho. This study examined the relationship between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality while controlling for socio-demographic characteristics of mothers in LesothoMethods: The study used data from the children’s file of 2014 Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey data. Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate neonatal mortality rate and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to assess the association between type of birth attendant and neonatal mortality.Results: Result shows that 5.3% of all births attended to by non-SBAs resulted into neonatal mortality compared to 2.8% of those attended to by SBA. Result further shows that regardless of socio-demographic characteristics, the risks of neonatal mortality were significantly higher with non-SBAs compared to SBA in Lesotho (HR: 2.00, CI: 1.31-3.06).Conclusion: The risk of neonatal mortality is two times higher among children delivered by Non-SBA. Scale-up in access and uptake of SBA is recommended in Lesotho. Thus, Policy on scale-up access to SBA at delivery at no costs need to be put in place.

Keywords: Neonatal; mortality; Lesotho.
Application of caries assessment spectrum and treatment instrument for staging and evaluating treatment needs of an adult population - A hospital based cross-sectional study
Authors: Vineet Agrawal , Nimisha Shah
Published: December 2021

Background: Application of caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST) instrument for staging and evaluating treatment needs of an adult population suffering from dental carious lesionObjectives: Study was conducted with aim of applying CAST instrument for staging adult urban Indian population according to severity of carious lesion and treatment needs required.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 300 adult patients. After training session and calibration of examiner, all patients were examined for the caries experience and CAST codes were recorded on a structured proforma.Results: Of 300 adult patients, 18% (54) adults have healthy dentition denoted by codes 0,1, and 2. 12 % and 15.3% adults were in reversible premorbidity stage (code 3) and morbidity stage (codes 4 and 5) respectively. The largest number of adults 29.7% were seen in serious morbidity stage (codes 6 and 7) followed by 21.3% adults in mortality stage (code 8) requiring either root canal treatment or extraction and replacement of teeth as treatment needs.Conclusion: CAST instrument has been found useful in staging adult population suffering with dental carious lesion and evaluating their treatment needs. Moreover, CAST is easy to apply for staging the carious lesion due its hierarchical structure and reporting results in an understandable manner.Keywords: Adults; Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment; Dental Caries; Treatment needs.
Subjective prosthodontic treatment need, tooth loss and associated factors among dental patients in Dar es salaam, Tanzania
Authors: C Carneiro Lorna , Sembiko Silas , R Masalu Joyce
Published: December 2021

Background: A full complement of teeth has been shown to be a prerequisite for a healthy masticatory system and satisfactory function and having tooth loss can be undesirable.Objective: To determine the subjective prosthodontic treatment need, tooth loss and associated factors among patients attending dental clinics in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among subjects with tooth loss aged 18 years and above attending public dental clinics in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. A questionnaire and clinical examination were used to obtain data. Chi-Square test and logistic regression analyses were performed and a p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Majority of the 402 participants were aged 18-34 years (52.2%), females (64.9%) and with primary level of education or less (52.2%). Subjective prosthodontic treatment need was indicated by more than half of the participants 54.2%) and those who lost 4 or more teeth and those who lost teeth upper anterior had higher odds of expressing subjective treatment need (OR=2.6; CI=1.5-4.3 & OR=4.9; CI=2.2-10.8 respectively).Conclusions: This study highlights that having four or more missing teeth and having tooth loss in the anterior location of the upper jaw were significant contributing factors in expressing patient’s subjective prosthodontic treatment need.

Keywords: Subjective prosthodontic treatment need; tooth loss; dental patients; Dar es salaam; Tanzania.
Mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic of female students adults without a pre-existing mental health condition
Authors: Vukotic Marina , Milosevic Zoran , Bjelica Dusko , Zarubca Miodrag
Published: December 2021

Nil.
Sources of some heavy minerals and their association with gold-bearing stream sediments in the Gagare Drainage Basin, Wonaka Schist belt northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Grema H.M. , Ibrahim H.A. , Abdulkarim M. , Lawal M. , Mbitsa K. , Hassan H.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli among patients attending urology clinic of Dalhatu Araf specialist hospital (DASH) Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Joseph F.N. , Ramalan A.S. , Owoseni M.C. , Ya 'aba Y. , Chuku A.
Published: December 2021

No abstract.
Source origin and paleoenvironment of organic matterin the turonian sediments of Yola sub-basin, northern Benue trough, Nigeria: Intergrated mocular and elemental geochemical approach
Authors: Kwaya M.Y. , Yandoka B.M. Sarki , Ayuba M.K
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Test the significance of 2D banded data using statistical methods
Authors: Abdullahi F.B. , Hassan T.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Quality evaluation of mixed fruit juice produced from African bush mango, pineapple and orange
Authors: Okakpu C.J. , Ojinnaka M.C. , Okakpu K.G. , Okudu H.O. , Obasi C.Q.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Bacteriological quality of stick meat (Tsire) sold in Garko Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Dahiru A.T. , Maigari A.K.
Published: December 2021

No Abstract.
Observing tour operators’ interest in sustainability in Finland
Authors: Kaján Eva , Tervo-Kankare Kaarina
Published: December 2021

The paper assesses how tour operators (TOs) address sustainability at the early stages of product development. TOs have potentially a large role in providing sustainable options for customers, and therefore contribute to sustainable tourism. The research took place during a TO familiarization trip (FAM) to a new destination. Participant observation was used as it allowed researchers unique access to participate in the same programme as the TOs. Altogether 14 tourism establishments were visited and they all provided information about sustainability. The TOs’ interest in sustainability was weak, which indicates that sustainability in the early stage is superseded by other significant factors, such as type of product, suitability, seasonality and quality. However, further research in examining when sustainability becomes an issue for TOs would be beneficial for local stakeholders.
#Bucketlist: exploring the motivations of tourists to swim with humpback whales in Niue
Authors: Pagel Chantal D.
Published: December 2021

Swim-with-whales tourism has become a growing aspect of the marine mammal tourism scene. Several remote island destinations allow for these in-water experiences. Understanding swim-with-whales tourists’ motivations is an important aspect to effectively promoting and managing these interactions. This paper focuses on tourist motivations for swimming with humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in Niue. A qualitative research approach using 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews was used to gain these. A thematic approach to understanding the data identified eight themes that describe intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in these whale-swim participants. Of particular interest was the emotional component of engaging in the activity. In contrast to other research on marine wildlife tourism motivations, the importance of learning was absent in this study. These findings highlight the personal and variable nature of individual motivations for participating in commercial whale-swims.
The XII Duke of Osuna, between aristocratic spirit and Dandy. The Russian embassy as a matter of honor
Authors: Pajarín Domínguez J.
Published: December 2021

Russia   and  Spain re-established  relations  in  1856  after a  two-decade  diplomatic crisis  caused  by disagreements  over   Carlism. The  appointment of  Mariano  Téllez-Girón,  XII   Duke  of  Osuna,  as the  plenipotentiary minister  in the  Russian  court signaled a friendly reconciliation between the  two  countries.  However, it meant above all the  reaffirmation of the  Spanish nobleman, who  left his mark  on the  Russian  royal  and public  sphere.  The  Duke of Osuna knew  how to gain the   Tsar’s trust and displayed his  sense of  honor,   imbued with   the   aristocratic  spirit   and  the   European  dandy.   This  work provides a portrait of the  Duke of Osuna during  his embassy in Saint Petersburg, against the  backdrop of the  ideal of Spanish liberalism, and of the  dandy as a new  archetype of bourgeois honor.  The Letters from   Russia,   by Juan  Valera,  secretary of  that embassy,  help   to understand the  controversial image displayed by Osuna in the  Court of Alexander II. The Duke not only adapted to the  Russian  noble and autocratic  customs,  but   also   presented a very  particular way   of understanding the  figure of the  nobleman, which allowed him to refute the  existing stereotypes around Spain, as well as reinforce the  prestige of  Queen Elizabeth,  formally  recognized  not only  by Russia,  but  by the  rest of the  powers.
Atomismo griego y teoría atómica actual desde la perspectiva de la epistemología evolucionista
Authors: Cayo-Miguel Wilmar
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación, tuvo como objetivo explicar la dinámica entre el atomismo griego y el atomismo actual desde la perspectiva de la epistemología evolucionista en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la UNHEVAL - 2020. Teniendo en cuenta que el estudio de la Epistemología evolucionista debe promover una adecuada comprensión del desarrollo de la ciencia, nos preguntamos: ¿Cuál es la dinámica entre el atomismo griego  y el atomismo actual desde la perspectiva de la epistemología evolucionista en los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la UNHEVAL - 2020? El método utilizado fue el fichaje, que consistió en recoger información sobre la teoría atómica propuesta por Demócrito y la teoría atómica actual, así mismo sobre la epistemología evolucionista; en el caso de los estudiantes se tomó una encuesta. El trabajo forma parte del tipo de investigación básica de nivel descriptivo. Para el análisis de los resultados de la encuesta se determinó la moda de cada variable, ya que estas formaban parte de la escala nominal, y luego fueron contrastadas con el análisis hermenéutico de la bibliografía. Tras el estudio se determinó que existe una relación evolutiva muy compleja entre el atomismo griego y el atomismo científico actual, sobre el cual los estudiantes de la facultad de Biología, Química y Ciencia del ambiente de la UNHEVAL, tienen un conocimiento parcial.
La finalidad de la filosofía y el criterio de verdad en el tractatus logico-philosophicus de wittgenstein
Authors: Carrera-Honores Luis
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de esta investigación es explicitar la finalidad de la filosofía y el criterio de verdad que subyace en el Tractatus logico-philosophicus. En este texto Wittgenstein desarrolló las siguientes ideas: Primero, el punto de partida para Wittgenstein es el mundo. Segundo, el mundo es lo que es el caso y lo que es el caso son los hechos. Tercero, los hechos se expresan en el pensamiento porque el pensamiento es la figura lógica de los hechos. Cuarto, el pensamiento es una proposición lógica del mundo. Quinto, la proposición es una función veritativa y esta función veritativa es la forma de la proposición. Por último, la forma de la proposición da los límites lógicos al lenguaje y este límite es el límite de lo que se puede hablar y de lo que no se puede hablar se debe callar. Por consiguiente, en el Tractatus la finalidad de la filosofía es demarcar clara y explícitamente los límites del mundo, para solucionar y salir de las diversas confusiones que hay en la filosofía occidental desde sus inicios, y el lenguaje lógico tiene la finalidad de establecer la correspondencia entre la proposición lógica y el hecho atómico.
La lógica en la investigación académica
Authors: Casillas-Llerena Pedro J.
Published: December 2021

Todo trabajo de investigación tiene un proceso de razonamiento. Este proceso se inicia con la lógica más elemental de nuestra naturaleza humana. Pero luego este razonamiento se hace más profundo cuando recurrimos a la lógica como disciplina. Quien se encarga de impartirnos estos conocimientos es un profesor de lógica, quien, además de saber lógica, debe saber transmitir sus conocimientos, debe enseñar con lógica. Esto sucede de manera similar con un profesor de cualquier asignatura, disciplina o habilidad. Cualquier profesor debe enseñar con lógica. Enseñar con lógica es enseñar con coherencia en el contexto de la demostración, contrastación o verificación. Enseñar con lógica es mostrar que toda investigación tiene una secuencia explicativa; es dar razones, fundamentos sobre una idea que se está defendiendo. En el mundo de la investigación académica, una tesis implica un proceso de demostración, el cual nace en el mismo proyecto de investigación. El proceso de construcción de un proyecto de tesis implica un trasfondo netamente lógico.
Educación intercultural del idioma quechua en los estudiantes de una institución educativa pública
Authors: Cárdenas-Crisóstomo Olinda
Published: December 2021

El presente estudio, comprende el análisis del nivel de la interculturalidad del idioma quechua, en estudiantes y docentes del Centro Educativo Integrada N° 32754 del Centro Poblado de Ancomarca, distrito de Molino y provincia de Pachitea; el cuál ha permitido conocer in situ los indicadores y competencias interculturales del idioma quechua en la población de estudio (estudiantes y docentes). La investigación realizada fue de tipo cuantitativo no experimental, utilizando un diseño transeccional descriptivo, el cual permitió la recolección de datos, mediante el uso de encuestas dirigidas a estudiantes (98), y docentes (15). Los resultados mostraron que el nivel de educación intercultural del idioma quechua en los estudiantes fueron: 51.02% con un nivel bueno, 34.69% con nivel muy bueno, y 14.29% con un nivel regular; el nivel de la educación intercultural del idioma quechua en los docentes fueron: 73.33% con nivel bueno, 20.00% con nivel muy bueno, y 6.67% con nivel regular; y el nivel de la educación intercultural del idioma quechua en el centro educativo (alumnos y docentes) fueron: 53.99% con nivel bueno, el 32.74% con nivel muy bueno, y 13.27% con nivel regular. Conclusiones: Se determinó que el nivel de la educación intercultural del idioma quechua en los estudiantes corresponde al nivel bueno y muy bueno; el nivel del desarrollo de las competencias interculturales del idioma quechua en los estudiantes corresponde al nivel bueno y muy bueno; el nivel del desarrollo de las competencias interculturales del idioma quechua en docentes, corresponde al nivel muy bueno y bueno, y el nivel del desarrollo la educación intercultural del idioma quechua en la institución e educativa de estudio corresponde al nivel bueno y muy bueno.
La convivencia democrática en estudiantes de programas no escolarizados
Authors: Ponce-Vega Cristina , Espinoza-Jara Mirtha , Echevarría-Rufino Melita E.
Published: December 2021

En todo proceso de investigación, como sabemos, el método científico nos permite detectar problemas y plantear objetivos. Precisamente, el estudio realizado, por sentido lógico de investigación educativa, parte formulando un objetivo, sobre la base del problema determinamos éste se planteó con el siguiente enunciado: Establecer las características de la convivencia democrática en los Estudiantes del Programa no Escolarizado del poblado de los Ángeles, Tournavista, Puerto Inca 2020. El método adecuado fue el análisis que permitió comprender los textos incluidos en el estudio. El resultado fue; El índice de correlación muestra que el valor de r = 0.69 y r= 0.81,   se ubican en el intervalo 0,40 ≤ r < 0.80 y su interpretación señala que existe una relación significativa entre las características teóricas de la convivencia democrática y la práctica de la conducta de convivencia democrática en los Estudiantes del Programa no Escolarizado del poblado de los Ángeles, Tournavista, Puerto Inca 2020. En consecuencia, tenemos: Se estableció que existe una relación significativa de las características teóricas de la convivencia democrática y la práctica de la conducta de convivencia democrática, Se evidenció que existe una relación significativa entre las características de la convivencia democrática con la capacidad de interactuar con todas las personas, Se acreditó que existe una relación significativa entre las características de la convivencia democrática con el manejo de conflictos de manera constructive y se afirmó que existe una relación significativa entre las características de la convivencia democrática con la participación en acciones que promueven el bienestar común en los Estudiantes del Programa no Escolarizado del poblado de los Ángeles, Tournavista, Puerto Inca 2020.
A Generalization of Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means Method for Statistical Clustering of Data
Authors: Azzouzi Souad , Hjouji Amal , EL- Mekkaoui Jaouad , EL Khalfi Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm has been widely used in the field of clustering and classification but has encountered difficulties with noisy data and outliers. Other versions of algorithms related to possibilistic theory have given good results, such as Fuzzy C- Means(FCM), possibilistic C-means (PCM), Fuzzy possibilistic C-means (FPCM) and possibilistic fuzzy C- Means algorithm (PFCM).This last algorithm works effectively in some environments but encountered more shortcomings with noisy databases. To solve this problem, we propose in this manuscript, a new algorithm named Improved Possibilistic Fuzzy C-Means (ImPFCM) by combining the PFCM algorithm with a very powerful statistical method. The properties of this new ImPFCM algorithm show that it is not only applicable on clusters of spherical shapes, but also on clusters of different sizes and densities. The results of the comparative study with very recent algorithms indicate the performance and the superiority of the proposed approach to easily group the datasets in a large-dimensional space and to use not only the Euclidean distance but more sophisticated standards norms, capable to deal with much more complicated problems. On the other hand, we have demonstrated that the ImPFCM algorithm is also capable of detecting the cluster center with high accuracy and performing satisfactorily in multiple environments with noisy data and outliers.
Comunicação no campo expandido da cultura
Authors: Freire Carauta Alexandre Augusto , Follain de Figueiredo Vera Lucia
Published: December 2021

Incorporada desde 2019 ao Programa de Pós-Graduação (PPGCOM) do Departamento deComunicação Social da PUC-Rio, a Alceu revitaliza, neste número 45, o pluralismo indispensável para o enriquecimento científico. Conjuga desde apreciações sobre a obra literária de Clarice Lispector e reflexões sobre o cinema de Cacá Diegues e Quentin Tarantino até investigações alusivas aos impactos digitais na publicidade audiovisual e no jornalismo ambiental.
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OPTIMIZATION OF "GLUCOSE 11C" PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTION ON THE BEAM OF ELECTRON ACCELERATOR
Authors: Guk I.S. , Dronov R.N. , Deiev O.S. , Shramenko B.I.
Published: December 2021

The process of "Glucose 11C" pharmaceutical production by means of a photonuclear reaction 12C(γ, n) 11C is considered. The parameters of bremsstrahlung and electron beam scattered in the converter are investigated and optimized. It is proposed to use a constant-field magnet to remove electrons from the photon beam. A magnet de-sign is proposed that allows obtaining a field of 0.5 T in a gap of 25 mm. The production of the 11C isotope in the glucose target was estimated.
UNORGANIZED AIR RELEASES WITH RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS FROM THE NEW SAFE CONFINIMENT OF CHNPP INTO THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Krukovskyi P.G. , Diadiushko Ye.V. , Skliarenko D.J. , Starovit I.S.
Published: December 2021

The New Safe Confinement (NSC) of the Chernobyl NPP, which isolates the destroyed reactor and the “Shelter Object” from the environment, is not airtight, so the problem is the lack of information on the flow of unorganized air with radioactive aerosols outside the NSC. This work presents computational model of the hydraulic state of the NSC, which allows to determine these flow rates through the leaks in the shells and building structures under the walls of the NSC. In addition to the developed model, the NSC hydraulic state model, created by neural network technology, was tested, which showed similar results and much higher computational performance, which allows its use for analysis and prediction of NSC`s hydraulic state in real time.
FORMATION AND MONITORING OF SECONDARY X-RAY RADIATION UNDER PRODUCT PROCESSING WITH ELECTRON BEAM
Authors: Pomatsalyuk R.I. , Shevchenko V.A. , Titov D.V. , Tenishev A.Eh. , Uvarov V.L. , Zakharchenko A.A. , Vereshchaka V.N.
Published: December 2021

When conducting an industrial radiation processes at an electron accelerator, a part of the beam energy is trans-formed into bremsstrahlung radiation. In such a way, the mixed e,X-radiation is formed in the area behind an irra-diated object. The intensity of the electron and photon components in the radiation is determined by the energy and power of the primary electron beam, as well as by the parameters of the object and devices located behind it. In paper, the characteristics of the e,X-radiation accompanying the product processing by a scanning electron beam with energy 8…12 MeV at a LU-10 Linac of NSC KIPT are studied. The conditions for obtaining a source of sec-ondary X-rays in the state of electronic equilibrium, as well as its monitoring using an extended free-air ionization chamber are explored. Such an extra-source of radiation can be used for carrying out various non-commercial pro-grams like radiation tests, sanitization of archival materials and cultural heritage objects, etc.
О ВОЗМОЖНОСТЯХ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ
НЕТРАДИЦИОННОГО РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ
В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ЗРАЗ ИЗ КАЛЬМАРА
Authors: Качковская А.А. , Ключко Н.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Раскрывается потенциал нетрадиционного растительного сырья: листьев сныти обыкновенной, репы столовой в качестве обогащающих компонентов начинки для замороженных

полуфабрикатов (зраз) из фарша кальмара.

Разработка поликомпонентной продукции направлена на устранение дефицита макрои микронутриентов, превалирующего фактора в формировании иммунитета. Экспериментально доказана сбалансированность изделий по витаминно-минеральному составу. Изучена

роль питания в формировании иммунитета. Полученные данные об иммуномодулирующей

направленности обогащенных изделий подкреплены теоретически.

Рассмотрены реологические свойства кальмарной фаршевой системы и возможность

применения сухой моркови в качестве стабилизирующей добавки.

Проведены маркетинговые исследования рентабельности концепции производства

продукции повышенной биологической ценности на территории Калининградской области.
БИОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ГАЗОННЫХ
ТРАВ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ ИХ
В ОБРАБОТАННОЙ ГЛИНОЙ КЕЛЛОВЕЯ ПОЧВЕ
Authors: Смицкая Г. И. , Неведров Н. П.
Published: December 2021

В работе изложены данные о влиянии применения технологий детоксикации

загрязненных тяжелыми металлами почв на биометрические показатели газонных трав.

Выявлено, что глина келловея при низком уровне загрязнения почвы (1,5 ПДК) приводит к

снижению концентрации подвижного свинца в урбаноземе до экологически безопасных

значений (с 14,7 до 2,5 мг/кг). Отмечено, что глина келловея оказывает неоднозначное

влияние на продукцию биомассы у растений газонных трав и зависит от дозы внесения.

Установлено, что загрязнение урбанозема свинцом приводит к уменьшению количества

устьиц у газонных трав. Обнаружено, что во всех вариантах опыта вне зависимости от дозы

внесения глины келловея в почву наблюдалось повышение показателя зольности на

4,7–54,5 %. Выявлено, что обработка почвы глиной келловея положительно влияет на

формирование почвенной структуры.
МОНИТОРИНГ ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ
В 2019-2020 ГГ. В УСЛОВИЯХ ПАНДЕМИИ COVID-19
В ПСКОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: Трифонова А.С. , Грылева И.В.
Published: December 2021

Проанализированы особенности предпринимательской активности в Псковской

области под влиянием пандемии COVID-19 в 2020 г. Выявлены и проранжированы основные

трудности предпринимателей в регионе. Показаны и упорядочены меры желательной

поддержки предпринимателям Псковской области. На основе полученных данных выявлены

основные проблемы и предложены варианты по улучшению предпринимательской

активности в условиях пандемии.
ДИНАМИКА КИСЛОТНОСТИ ПОЛЬДЕРНЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ
Authors: Гайманова А.А. , Троян Т.Н. , Бедарева О.М. , Уманский А.С.
Published: December 2021

В Калининградской области расположено 80 % всех российских польдеров,

расположенных в прибрежных и аллювиальных низинах. Столетия назад здесь была создана

огромная сеть открытых и закрытых осушительных сооружений, каналов. Польдерные земли

делятся на три группы в зависимости от абсолютных отметок: «низкого», «среднего» и

«высокого» уровня [1]. На территории Полесской низменности встречаются польдерные

ландшафты всех групп. Почвы польдеров освоенные торфяно-перегнойные и торфяные

низинные. Для оптимизации пищевого режима необходимо изучение трансформации

агрохимических свойств почв. В связи с этим в статье рассмотрена многолетняя динамика

кислотности почв и оценено современное состояние химической мелиорации польдерного

участка.
Gestión universitaria latinoamericana durante la pandemia
Authors: Rios-Campos Carlos , Baldera Nemesio Santamaría , Hubeck Juan Alberto Avalos , Hubeck Janet Avalos , Ynga Enrique Guillermo Llontop , Vargas Daniel Jesús Castro , Aguirre Giuliana Fiorella Samame , Riojas Juan Alberto Maza
Published: December 2021

Es necesario comprender lo sucedido en las universitarias latinoamericanas, considerando que a nivel mundial se presentó un desafío con el inicio de la pandemia en el año 2020. Se planteó el objetivo general, analizar la gestión universitaria latinoamericana durante la pandemia. Metodología, la investigación presentó un diseño cualitativo-interpretativo, de tipo documental, se han seleccionado 59 documentos, realizados en el periodo 2016 – 2021, incluyendo: artículos científicos, artículos de revisión e información de sitios web de organizaciones reconocidas. Las palabras claves utilizadas en las búsquedas fueron: Gestión universitaria, Latinoamérica, pandemia. Resultados, las universidades latinoamericanas, se han visto forzadas por la pandemia a migrar a la educación virtual, con algunas dificultades como la falta de equipos tecnológicos, acceso a Internet y capacitación del personal. Además, están optimizando su modelo de gestión universitaria. Conclusiones, en las universidades latinoamericanas, los factores con mayor influencia en la gestión universitaria actual son la infraestructura, la gestión de la información, inversión en sistemas de información, capacitación de los recursos humanos, empleabilidad del egresado, calidad de los procesos académicos, científicos y administrativos, responsabilidad social, competencias en el área de educación virtual, rol protagónico en la gestión de la pandemia, gestión de riesgos de desastres y el regreso a la presencialidad.
La transposición interna del exit tax armonizado por la Directiva contra la elusión fiscal en el sistema tributario español
Authors:   Universidad Internacional de Cataluña, De Juan Casadevall Jordi
Published: December 2021

El autor analiza la transposición al Derecho interno español del exit tax armonizado por la Directiva 2016/1164, del Consejo, de 12 de julio de 2016 (ATAD), emprendida por el Proyecto de ley de medidas para la prevención y lucha contra el fraude fiscal, actualmente en trámite parlamentario. El estudio aborda en primer lugar el fundamento teórico y problemática que suscita el exit tax, para analizar, a continuación su compatibilidad con las libertades comunitarias y, en particular, con la libertad de establecimiento. Expone, a grandes rasgos, la precaria y fragmentaria armonización del exit tax emprendida por la Directiva ATAD y su recepción formal por el citado Proyecto de ley de medidas de prevención y lucha contra el fraude fiscal. Finalmente esboza una valoración crítica no tanto del Proyecto de ley, que obedece en términos generales a la pauta marcada por la Directiva ATAD, sino de la deficiente y precaria armonización por la Directiva Comunitaria, que si bien es respetuosa con la jurisprudencia comunitaria, no deja de constituir una restricción fiscal a la libertad de circulación.
La compatibilidad de los ajustes fiscales en frontera ambientales con el GATT a partir del impuesto español sobre los plásticos no reutilizables
Authors:   Universidad Rovira i Virgili de Tarragona / Universidad Pompeu Fabra de Barcelona (, Salassa Boix Rodolfo
Published: December 2021

Considerando que el Impuesto a los envases de plástico no reutilizables busca reducir la utilización de estos productos dentro de España y que su hecho imponible incorpora un ajuste fiscal en frontera que impacta sobre el comercio internacional de bienes, el objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar si este impuesto se ajusta a los parámetros del GATT. De manera que, partiendo de la hipótesis que es posible alcanzar una sinergia entre los objetivos ambientales y los comerciales, pretendemos responder si este tributo ambiental se ajusta o no a las restricciones de los tratados de la OMC.
Barriers to The Execution of Seizure of Execution against Court Decisions That Have Permanent Legal Force (Example is The Case of Confiscation of Execution of Assets of Perumda Salatiga)
Authors:   Faculty of Law, Universitas Diponegoro, Paramithasari Nadia Darmasita
Published: December 2021

This research aim to determine the regional finance management arrangements for the assets of regional public company originating from separated regional assets and the constraints in the execution of assets of Perumda BPR Bank Salatiga. This research uses normative research. The research was conducted by library research using secondary data, while the tool used was document study. The data that has been collected is analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study indicate that the Regional Financial Management of Regional Public Company (Perumda) assets is the authority and responsibility of the Regional Government represented by the Regional Head who is the owner of capital as well as the owner of Perumda and Barriers in the execution of the seizure of the assets of Perumda BPR Bank Salatiga because there is Article 50 of Law No. 1 of 2014 concerning the State Treasury which prohibits the execution of assets belonging to the region.
Belt and Road initiative meets Africa: Exploring the state of play, the implications and the imperative for complementarities of interests
Authors: Ajibo Collins C
Published: December 2021

China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is expected to link the world to a gigantic trade and investment corridor, with China at the centre of the new multilateralism. Since its announcement in 2013, China has taken significant steps to actualise its vision through massive investment in infrastructure in the belt-road regions supported by Chinese financial institutions, including the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). Critics argue that BRI is a covert means for China to exert greater influence on the global trade and investment landscape but China has countered this. Nevertheless, emerging evidence indicates that, beyond the promotion of trade and investment, China is using BRI to export overcapacity, internationalise renminbi, promote cultural diplomacy, secure resources and redefine the global order. Hence, African countries stand in danger of neocolonialism unless they optimise the partnership with China to foster a win-win situation. In particular, African countries must recognise the significance of deft management of unsustainable Chinese loans that may entrap them in future, embedding more transparency in contract bidding for infrastructure investment, insisting on capacity building and skill spillovers and ensuring that transnational dispute settlement with Chinese enterprises is adjudicated in a neutral venue, if African courts lack the jurisdiction to entertain the matter.
An analysis of the right of Muslim adopted children to inherit from their deceased parents in terms of the law of succession: A South African case study
Authors: Abduroaf Muneer
Published: December 2021

This paper analyses the right of Muslim adopted children to inherit from their deceased parents in terms of the laws of succession within the South African legal context. The status of adoption in South African and Islamic law is looked at first by way of an introduction. This is followed by looking at the rights of adopted Muslim children to inherit from their deceased parents (biological and adoptive) in terms of the South African and Islamic laws of intestate (compulsory) and then testate (optional) succession.1 The paper further looks at the possibility of applying relevant Islamic law of succession provisions applicable to enable adopted Muslim children to inherit from the estate of their deceased biological parents within the South African legal framework. The paper concludes with an analysis of the findings and makes a recommendation.
Hukum Praktek Jual Beli Kotoran Hewan Menurut Mazhab Imam Syafi’i
Authors: Shaleh Muhammad , Sidek Alang , Imannullah Imannullah
Published: December 2021

This research is included in the qualitative research model, meaning that the data used in this study is qualitative data (data that does not consist of numbers) in the form of verbal messages, dialogues and writings which are the results of research through observation, interviews and documentation. In the event of a divorce, it is the wife who suffers the most, who in particular does not have an income and a place to live. Based on the practice of the buying and selling system of animal dung in Tanjung Putus Village, Padang Tualang District, Langkat Regency, buying and selling animal dung is commonplace among the community and in accordance with sharia principles. and buying and selling rules. Starting from the pillars of buying and selling conditions, goods and so on so that the sale and purchase of animal dung in Tanjung Putus village, Padang Tualang sub-district, Langkat district according to religion can be carried out and does not violate religious norms. Based on the Islamic Shari'a Istihsan Perspective, the sale and purchase of animal dung according to unclean goods is prohibited by religion. In the development of customs that demand manure as additional fertilizer for plantations and agriculture, the sale and purchase of animal dung is legally allowed, because there are benefits. Although the Imams of Madzhab differ in their object, but with the presence of animal dung used as manure, it can be said that buying and selling transactions are allowed.

Keywords: Buying and Selling, Dirt, Animals