bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bifurcation and optimal control analysis of HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 co-infection model with numerical simulation
Authors: Kotola Belela Samuel , Teklu Shewafera Wondimagegnhu , Abebaw Yohannes Fissha
Published: May 2023

HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 co-infection is a common global health and socio-economic problem. In this paper, a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 co-infection that incorporates protection and treatment for the infected (and infectious) groups is formulated and analyzed. Firstly, we proved the non-negativity and boundedness of the co-infection model solutions, analyzed the single infection models steady states, calculated the basic reproduction numbers using next generation matrix approach and then investigated the existence and local stabilities of equilibriums using Routh-Hurwiz stability criteria. Then using the Center Manifold criteria to investigate the proposed model exhibited the phenomenon of backward bifurcation whenever its effective reproduction number is less than unity. Secondly, we incorporate time dependent optimal control strategies, using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle to derive necessary conditions for the optimal control of the disease. Finally, we carried out numerical simulations for both the deterministic model and the model incorporating optimal controls and we found the results that the model solutions are converging to the model endemic equilibrium point whenever the model effective reproduction number is greater than unity, and also from numerical simulations of the optimal control problem applying the combinations of all the possible protection and treatment strategies together is the most effective strategy to drastically minimizing the transmission of the HIV/AIDS and COVID-19 co-infection in the community under consideration of the study.
Effect of fetal malposition, primiparous, and premature rupture of membrane on Neonatal Near miss mediated by grade three meconium-stained amniotic fluids and duration of the active first stage of labor: Mediation analysis
Authors: Asaye Mengstu Melkamu , Gelaye Kassahun Alemu , Matebe Yohannes Hailu , Lindgren Helena , Erlandsson Kerstin
Published: May 2023

Background

In many low-income countries, including Ethiopia, neonatal mortality remains a major concern. For every newborn that dies, many more neonates survived (near-miss neonates) the first 28 days after birth from life-threatening conditions. The generation of evidence on neonatal near-miss determinants could be a critical step in reducing neonatal mortality rates. However, studies causal pathway determinants are limited in Ethiopia. This study aimed to investigate the Neonatal Near-miss determinants in public health hospitals in Amhara Regional State, northwest Ethiopia.

Method

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1277 mother-newborn pairs at six hospitals between July 2021 and January 2022. A validated interviewer-administered questionnaire and a review of medical records were used to collect data. Data were entered into Epi-Info version 7.1.2 and exported to STATA version 16 in California, America for analysis. The paths from exposure variables to Neonatal Near-Miss via mediators were examined using multiple logistic regression analysis. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and ß-coefficients were calculated and reported with a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05.

Results

The proportion of neonatal near-misses was 28.6% (365/1277) (95% CI: 26–31%). Women who could not read and write (AOR = 1.67,95%CI:1.14–2.47), being primiparous (AOR = 2.48,95% CI:1.63–3.79), pregnancy-induced hypertension (AOR = 2.10,95% CI:1.49–2.95),being referred from other health facilities (AOR = 2.28,95% CI:1.88–3.29), premature rupture of membrane (AOR = 1.47,95% CI:1.09–1.98), and fetal malposition (AOR = 1.89,95% CI:1.14–3.16) were associated with Neonatal Near-miss. Grade III meconium stained amniotic fluid partially mediated the relationship between primiparous (ß = 0.517), fetal malposition (ß = 0.526), pregnant women referred from other health facilities (ß = 0.948) and Neonatal Near-Miss at P-value < 0.01. Duration of the active first stage of labour partially mediated the relationship between primiparous (ß = -0.345), fetal malposition (ß = -0.656), premature rupture of membranes (ß = -0.550) and Neonatal Near-Miss at P- value <0.01.It had also a significant indirect effect (ß = 0.581, P<0.001) on NNM with variables (primiparous, fetal malposition, and premature rupture of membranes).

Conclusions

The relationship between fetal malposition, primiparous, referred from other health facilities, premature rupture of membrane, and Neonatal Near miss were partially mediated by grade III meconium stained amniotic fluid and duration of the active first stage of labour. Early diagnosis of these potential danger signs and appropriate intervention could be of supreme importance in reducing NNM.
Depression, suicidality, substance-use and associated factors among people living with HIV the COVID-19 pandemic in Uganda
Authors: Rukundo Godfrey Zari , Wakida Edith K. , Karungi Christine K. , Asasira Jenipher , Kumakech Edward , Obua Celestino
Published: May 2023

Background

Mental disorders are common in people living with HIV (PLHIV) but they are often unrecognized and untreated. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the already limited mental health services in low resource countries such as Uganda, and yet the extent to which the COVID-19 mitigation measures have affected the mental health of PLHIV is not fully known. We aimed to determine the burden of depression, suicidality, substance use and associated factors among adult PLHIV who were seeking care at two HIV clinics in northern and southwestern Uganda.

Methods

We conducted a phenomenological qualitative and quantitative cross-sectional study among 431 PLHIV to determine the burden of depression, suicidality and substance-use disorders at two HIV clinics, at Lira Regional Referral Hospital and Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital in northern and southwestern Uganda respectively, during the COVID-19 lockdown. We used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) to assess for depression and suicidality, and the Michigan Assessment-Screening Test for Alcohol and drugs (MAST-AD) to assess for substance use disorder. We conducted descriptive statistics analysis to determine the burden of the disorders, and logistic regression to determine the associated factors. For the qualitative method we conducted in-depth interviews with 30 PLHIV and did thematic analysis.

Results

Of the 431 PLHIV surveyed, mean age was 40.31 ± 12.20 years; 53.1% (n = 229) had depression; 22.0% (n = 95) had suicidality; and 15.1% (n = 65) had substance-use disorder. Female gender (PR = 1.073, 95%CI 1.004–1.148, P = 0.038), lack of formal education (PR = 1.197, 95% CI 1.057–1.357, P = 0.005), substance-use disorder (PR = 0.924, 95%CI 0.859–0.994, P = 0.034) and suicidality (PR = 0.757, 95%CI 0.722–0.794, p = 0.000) were associated with depression after adjusting for confounders. Further analysis showed that being female (PR = 0.843, 95% CI 0.787–0.903, P = 0.000*) and having depression (PR = 0.927, 95% CI 0.876–0.981, P = 0.009) and owning a large business (PR = 0.886, 95% CI 0.834–0.941, p = 0.000*) were significantly associated with having a substance-use disorder. Only depression was independently associated with suicidality after adjusting for confounding factors (PR 0.108, 95%CI 0.054–0.218, p = 0.000*). For the qualitative results, there were three apriori themes: a) Burden of depression, b) substance-use, and c) suicidality among the PLHIV during the COVID-19 containment measures.

Conclusion

There was high prevalence of depression, suicidality and substance-use disorder in adult PLHIV in Uganda during the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated lockdown measures. The three mental health problems seem to have bidirectional relationships and gender has a lot of contribution to the relationships. Interventions aimed at any of the disorders should consider these bidirectional relationships.
Association between age at menarche and risk of myopia in the United States: NHANES 1999–2008
Authors: Lyu In Jeong , Oh Sei Yeul
Published: May 2023

We evaluate the effect of menarche on myopia in women in the United States (US). A cross-sectional survey and examination were conducted using data from the 1999–2008 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), and 8,706 women aged ≥20 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 44.23 to 45.37) were enrolled. Characteristics were compared between nonmyopic and myopic participants. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the risk factors for myopia. A minimum p-value approach was used to estimate the cut-off point for age at menarche. The prevalence of myopia was 32.96%. Mean spherical equivalent (SE) were -0.81 diopters (95% CI, -0.89 to -0.73) and the mean age of menarche was 12.67 years (95% CI, 12.62 to 12.72). In the crude logistic regression model, age (odd ratio [OR] 0.98), height (OR, 1.02), astigmatism (OR, 1.57) (all p < 0.0001), age at menarche (OR, 0.95; p = 0.0005), white ethnicity, being born in the US, higher level of education, and higher annual household income (all p trend <0.0001) were significantly associated with myopia. 1-year increments in age at menarche was associated with a 4% decrease in the risk of myopia after adjusting for age, height, body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and astigmatism (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93 to 0.99, p = 0.0288). The cut-off value for age at menarche was 15 years by the maximum chi-square test (p < 0.0001). Age at menarche may attribute to myopia progression, along with other environmental and individual risk factors.
Effect of crown stiffness and prosthetic screw absence on the stress distribution in implant-supported restoration: A 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Epifania Ettore , di Lauro Alessandro E. , Ausiello Pietro , Mancone Alessia , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Mendes Tribst João Paulo
Published: May 2023

This in-silico investigation evaluated the mechanical impact of Morse tape implant-abutment interface and retention system (with and without screw) and restorative materials (composite block and monolithic zirconia) by means of a three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D-FEA). Four 3D models were designed for the lower first molar. A dental implant (4.5 × 10 mm B&B Dental Implant Company) was digitized (micro CT) and exported to computer-aided design (CAD) software. Non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces were reconstructed, generating a 3D volumetric model. Four different models were generated with the same Morse-type connection, but with a different locking system (with and without active screw) and a different crown material made of composite block and zirconia. The D2 bone type, which contains cortical and trabecular tissues, was designed using data from the database. The implants were juxtaposed inside the model after Boolean subtraction. Implant placement depth was simulated for the implant model precisely at crestal bone level. Each acquired model was then imported into the finite element analysis (FEA) software as STEP files. The Von Mises equivalent strains were calculated for the peri-implant bone and the Von Mises stress for the prosthetic structures. The highest strain values in bone tissue occurred in the peri-implant bone interface and were comparable in the four implant models (8.2918e-004–8.6622e-004 mm/mm). The stress peak in the zirconia crown (64.4 MPa) was higher than in the composite crown (52.2 MPa) regardless of the presence of the prosthetic screw. The abutment showed the lowest stress peaks (99.71–92.28 MPa) when the screw was present (126.63–114.25 MPa). Based on this linear analysis, it is suggested that the absence of prosthetic screw increases the stress inside the abutment and implant, without effect on the crown and around the bone tissue. Stiffer crowns concentrate more stress on its structure, reducing the amount of stress on the abutment.
EphA2 is a functional entry receptor for HCMV infection of glioblastoma cells
Authors: Dong Xiao-Dong , Li Yan , Li Ying , Sun Cong , Liu Shang-Xin , Duan Hao , Cui Run , Zhong Qian , Mou Yong-Gao , Wen Le , Yang Bo , Zeng Mu-Sheng , Luo Min-Hua , Zhang Hua
Published: May 2023

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection is associated with human glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, but the underlying infection mechanism has not been fully demonstrated. Here, we show that EphA2 was upregulated in glioblastoma and correlated with the poor prognosis of the patients. EphA2 silencing inhibits, whereas overexpression promotes HCMV infection, establishing EphA2 as a crucial cell factor for HCMV infection of glioblastoma cells. Mechanistically, EphA2 binds to HCMV gH/gL complex to mediate membrane fusion. Importantly, the HCMV infection was inhibited by the treatment of inhibitor or antibody targeting EphA2 in glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, HCMV infection was also impaired in optimal glioblastoma organoids by EphA2 inhibitor. Taken together, we propose EphA2 as a crucial cell factor for HCMV infection in glioblastoma cells and a potential target for intervention.
Capsular polysaccharide inhibits vaccine-induced O-antigen antibody binding and function across both classical and hypervirulent K2:O1 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wantuch Paeton L. , Knoot Cory J. , Robinson Lloyd S. , Vinogradov Evgeny , Scott Nichollas E. , Harding Christian M. , Rosen David A.
Published: May 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae presents as two circulating pathotypes: classical K. pneumoniae (cKp) and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp). Classical isolates are considered urgent threats due to their antibiotic resistance profiles, while hvKp isolates have historically been antibiotic susceptible. Recently, however, increased rates of antibiotic resistance have been observed in both hvKp and cKp, further underscoring the need for preventive and effective immunotherapies. Two distinct surface polysaccharides have gained traction as vaccine candidates against K. pneumoniae: capsular polysaccharide and the O-antigen of lipopolysaccharide. While both targets have practical advantages and disadvantages, it remains unclear which of these antigens included in a vaccine would provide superior protection against matched K. pneumoniae strains. Here, we report the production of two bioconjugate vaccines, one targeting the K2 capsular serotype and the other targeting the O1 O-antigen. Using murine models, we investigated whether these vaccines induced specific antibody responses that recognize K2:O1 K. pneumoniae strains. While each vaccine was immunogenic in mice, both cKp and hvKp strains exhibited decreased O-antibody binding in the presence of capsule. Further, O1 antibodies demonstrated decreased killing in serum bactericidal assays with encapsulated strains, suggesting that the presence of K. pneumoniae capsule blocks O1-antibody binding and function. Finally, the K2 vaccine outperformed the O1 vaccine against both cKp and hvKp in two different murine infection models. These data suggest that capsule-based vaccines may be superior to O-antigen vaccines for targeting hvKp and some cKp strains, due to capsule blocking the O-antigen.
Unsettling ‘we’re all mixed-race’: Métis.se/colonial futurity, settler colonialism and the countering of Kanak sovereignty
Authors: Duong-Pedica Anaïs
Published: May 2023

This article aims to uncover the colonial character of the statement ‘on est tous métis’ (‘we’re all mixed-race’) in Kanaky/New Caledonia, a racially and politically polarized space where there is an ongoing struggle for independence led by Indigenous Kanak people. It uses data gathered in semi-structured interviews with self-identified ‘mixed-raced’ people during a six-month stay in Kanaky/New Caledonia before and after the November 2018 referendum for independence. It also uses ethnographic material and, more specifically, encounters with the figure of the ‘mixed-race’ person in political debates, campaigns as well as art and media that signal an investment in the idea that, in Kanaky/New Caledonia, ‘we are all mixed-race’. The article exposes the political discourse of multiracialism as exclusionary and as a mechanism of Indigenous disappearance in the settler colonial context. It also sheds light on the way in which settler anxiety feeds the multiracial discourse. In challenging and deconstructing the orientations towards a multiracial or métis.se future, that individuals and institutions imagine, wish or advocate for, the article aims to call for a desolidarization from modes of thinking and being that support the French colonial project, even when it masks itself as inclusive.
Emergence: A pluralist approach
Authors: Onnis Erica
Published: May 2023

Despite the common use of the concept of emergence, no uncontroversial theoretical framework has been yet formulated in this regard. In this paper, I examine what this circumstance suggests about the significance and usefulness of this concept. I first trace a brief history of the notion of emergence from its first formulation among the British Emergentists to its contemporary uses. Then, I outline its most common features and examine three examples of emergent phenomena, namely particle decay, free will, and division of labour in ant colonies. These three cases of emergence exhibit different features and imply criteria which only partially overlap. I then suggest that the multiplicity of features and criteria recognised as defining emergence, rather than being a threat to the tenability of the concept, should encourage the assumption of a pluralist attitude that is consistent with both the employment of this idea in different sciences and the recognition of emergent phenomena across different levels of organisation. Finally, I propose that emergence can be approached in a similar way to how Richard Boyd approached the problem of natural kinds, namely by identifying an open cluster of properties, rather than a set of necessary and sufficient conditions.
Proposição de Método para Detectar e Delinear Feições na Superfície de Marte
Authors: Furlan de Oliveira Renan , Maria Pedrosa Miriam , Antonio da Silva Erivaldo
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis research proposes a methodology capable of automaticallyand simultaneously detecting and delineating impact craters on thesurface of Mars. The proposal is based on mathematicalmorphology fundamentals and digital image processingtechniques. The methodology is composed of four sequentialsteps: (i) pre-processing and filtering to remove noise and enhancefeature edges, (ii) watershed segmentation and use of contourdynamics strategies for crater detection and delineation, (iii) postprocessingand detection refinement, and, finally, (iv)performance evaluation. The dataset consisted of cratersrepresented by high spatial resolution images of the surface ofMars, with 12.5 m/pixel resolution from the High ResolutionStereo Camera (HRSC) and 1 m/pixel resolution from the HighResolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE). The resultspoint to overall true detection rates over 81% and false detectionrates between 10% and 13%. Therefore, we concluded that thepresent approach contributes to solving a current problem in thecontext of impact crater detection and delineation on the surfaceof Mars.
A CARS of Novels with Imbalanced Sample Treatment
Authors: De Faccio Lucas , Marcolin Carla , Lobato Fábio
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTWidely spread, recommender systems might face some challengessuch as overspecialization and lack of diversity. In this paper, wepropose a book context-aware recommender system (CARS) thatuses individual characteristics as model features and active searchas a pre-filtering context method in an attempt to increase user’snewness perception and diversity. To achieve this goal, we revisedliterary critic essays to create five binary base-questions able toseparate and aggregate novels through subjective concepts.We alsoconducted a data collection to form a dataset around 50 selectedbooks, evaluated by the public using these questions. Going further,we developed two recommender systems (RS) using differentstrategies to handle imbalanced samples (SELC and SMOTE) andcompare their performance to conclude that SELC generates betterrecommendations on an inner performance.
Atuação nos projetos parceiros do programa Meninas Digitais e seu impacto no desenvolvimento acadêmico e profissional de alunas: um survey
Authors: Rebecca Lopes Lelis Maria , Elanne Rodrigues Maria , Fernando da Paz Rosineide , Beatriz Marques Anna
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTO Programa Meninas Digitais (PMD) têm inspirado diversos projetosalinhados aos seus objetivos. Diante disso, este artigo relataa condução de um survey para investigar como a atuação em umprojeto parceiro do PMD influencia no desenvolvimento acadêmicoe profissional de alunas que compõem suas equipes. O survey foidirecionado para alunas e pessoas coordenadoras, visando explorarambas as perspectivas sobre o tema a ser investigado. Obteve-serespostas de 75 pessoas, sendo 46 alunas e 29 pessoas coordenadoras.A amostra representa pessoas de projetos parceiros do PMDdas cinco regiões do país. As questões do survey investigaram odesenvolvimento de habilidades, desafios e benefícios promovidosao longo da atuação em projetos parceiros do PMD. Como resultado,foi possível identificar que o PMD tem uma influência positiva navida profissional e pessoal de alunas, auxiliando em habilidades deoratória, liderança e empatia, motivando a permanência na áreatecnológica e dando poder de entendimento sobre a importânciade promover o progresso da participação feminina na área de Computação.
Segmentation and Classification of Criollo Horses using Deep Learning
Authors: Veiga Santos Pinto Guilherme , Rossi Melo Douglas , Comunello Eros , Maria Rocha Fernandes Anita , Dornbusch Lopes Marcelo
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe Criollo horse, one of the leading horse breeds in the south ofBrazil, has been moving the market with the demand for sportshorses. The rise of the breed in recent years was motivated by theBrazilian Association of Criollo Horse Breeders (ABCCC), withthe mission of preserving and spreading the breed in the countryin conjunction with competitions such as the Freio de Ouro. Thedemand for breed optimization follows the animal’s morphologicalbalance, determined by its entire bone and muscle structurecharacteristics that directly impact its health and performanceas an athlete horse. Computer vision has been solving severalcurrent problems with the deep training of convolutional neuralnetworks. Within this context, this work proposed to evaluate theaverage precision of the Mask R-CNN model for the detection andsegmentation of Criollo horses through training this neural networkmodel with images collected from Google’s search engine. The bestresults achieved up to 99.4% average precision for detecting horsesin the images and 89.1% accuracy for the segmentation task.
Algoritmo de Treinamento para uma Rede SLFN com Projeção Aleatória e Margem Larga Learning Algorithm for an SLFN Network with Random Projection and Large Margin
Authors: Gabriel Reis Caitité Vítor , Fonseca Neto Raul , Coelho Frederico , Pádua Braga Antônio
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis work presents a large margin learning algorithm for singlehidden layer feedforward networks (SLFNs) with random weightsfor the hidden neurons, called RP-IMA. This algorithm, applied tobinary classification problems, proposes randomly assignedweightsto the hidden layer and the use of an incremental margin algorithmto calculate the weights of the output neuron of the SLFN. Theresults showed that the proposed algorithm is capable to obtaina large separation margin in the feature space and has its performanceless sensitive to variations in the network architecture, whencompared to Extreme Learning Machines.
Segmentação de Artefatos de Linha B em Imagens de Ultrassonografia Pulmonar Usando DeepLabV3+
Authors: Machado Mafalda Salomão , Fredy Larico Chavez Roge
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTIn recent years, lung ultrasound (LUS) has gained much importancein both the clinical and technological environments. This is becauseover the years it has been noticed that the presence of artifacts inthe images correlates with a series of anomalies or diseases thataffect the lungs. Therefore, assisting in the segmentation of theseartifacts is of great clinical interest, as the prior identification of anyanomaly can prevent its aggravation. Another challenging scenario,in particular, is that of emergency units, where fast and accuratediagnosis is essential, therefore, developing methods that facilitatethe task of identifying anomalies through the segmentation of artifactsin images is of great importance. In this work, we train andcompare the performance of three deep neural network architecturesthat can aid in clinical diagnosis by segmenting B-line artifactsin LUS images. These trained models are based on semantic segmentation,in which they perform semantic labeling at the pixel level.The architectures provided by DeepLabV3+ were used, they were:Resnet-18, Resnet-50 and Exception. These trained models wereevaluated using the metric IoU (intersection over union), precision,accuracy, and sensitivity. In the end, the model that proved to bethe most accurate was the one based on the Resnet-18 architecture,with an accuracy of 92.32%. Resnet-50 also showed satisfactoryresults, with a precision of 96.07% and a sensitivity of 91.39%.
Um Estudo Sobre o Uso de Modelos de Machine Learning para Manutenção Preditiva Industrial
Authors: Vinícius Meerholz Pedro , Daniel de Mattos Willian , Santos de Freitas Dhyonatan , Camilo Inacio Eduardo
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTWith Industry 4.0, the integration between physical and digitalenvironments enabled some improvements within several productionsegments. Among these improvements, advancements on theapplication of machine learning algorithms to predict current andfuture states of equipment have been gaining attention, specially,for maintenance purposes. This research work presents a comparativeexperimental study on machine learning algorithms appliedto classification of industrial machinery states. After training andevaluating models based on five different algorithms (i.e., DecisionTree, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, XGBoost and NeuralNetwork), some interesting results were obtained. Considering theaccuracy, precision, recall and training time of each model, it wasobserved that some models performed well, while others may notbe as suitable for solving the problem. Such good performing modelscould be used to schedule interventions on a given industrialequipment, avoiding production stoppages.
Exploring Design Thinking as a Software Accessibility Awareness Raising Methodology in Computing Courses
Authors: Trindade de Almeida Silva Alan , Arruda Teran Luciano , Águila Rocha Thayssa , Pereira Mota Marcelle
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTDespite many advances in the area of software accessibility, thereare still many problems to be overcome that prevent a greateravailability of accessible software. One of these problems is thataccessibility is usually not included in the curriculum of computingcourses. This educational gap causes software development professionalsto leave college or university without understanding howthe software they develop can be adapted to guarantee its use bypeople with different needs and how to implement these adaptations.This work proposes and evaluates an accessibility teachingmethodology based on Design Thinking with the main objectiveof increasing accessibility awareness among students. The resultsindicate that the proposed methodology was effective and managedto significantly increase students’ accessibility awareness, makingthem more sensitive and empathetic about the topic. The resultsalso showed that the students approved of the methodology andconsidered it interesting and engaging.
Análise Descritiva das atividades sobre Pensamento Computacional em livros didáticos à luz da BNCC
Authors: Bourscheid Sassi Sabrina , Maciel Cristiano , Carvalho Pereira Vinícius
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to descriptively analyze activities and/orconcepts related to Computational Thinking in SET Brasiltextbooks (the material used in 2021 by schools in the state ofMato Grosso) for all curricular subjects of the second half ofElementary School. We herein address ComputationalThinking as a skill to be developed in different subjects of theschool curriculum according to the Brazilian National CommonCurricular Base (BNCC). We analyzed 8 activities and 1 table inthe Mathematics textbooks, and 1 news report in thePortuguese Language textbook. Our findings weresystematized, indicating the skills to be developed in thoseactivities, both in relation to Computational Thinking and tocontents of Mathematics and Portuguese. We also noticed thatconcepts and skills of Computational Thinking, as well as otherthemes related to digital technologies, are little integrated tothe other school subjects in SET Brasil textbooks, contrary tothe guidelines presented by the BNCC.
Classificação de Textos Escolares com Aprendizado de Máquina
Authors: Dressler Nelson , Correa Souza Alinne , Magalhães Costa Lincoln , Carlos Souza Francisco , Mantovani Rafael
Published: May 2023

RESUMONowadays, during the teaching-learning process, it is prevalentfor students to seek information about the subjects to complementstudies or execute school work. For this, it is possible to use searchengines on the Internet, but the texts do not always have the complexitycompatible with the student’s level of education. A solutionfor this purpose is the automatic filtering of texts, where computationalmodels are created for textual classification according totheir contexts. Many studies have presented solutions based onMachine Learning techniques, but there is no comparison nor ananalysis considering these methods. This work explores this scenariothroughout implementing machine learning algorithms. In thesolution, Natural Language Processing techniques are applied inorder to select characteristics of the textual contents and introducethem into the classification pipeline. Experiments were conductedand the results obtained suggest that, machine learning algorithmshave a good predictive performance values, with class-balancedaccuracy of around 0.89 in the test data.
Evasão Escolar Feminina na Tecnologia Como Gênero Marca a Trajetória de Meninas em Cursos de TI
Authors: Petró Vanessa , Sabrina Hahn Melo Sabrina , Betina Gehlen Bueno Maria
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTA área da tecnologia está em ascensão em uma sociedade em redeque cada vez a integra mais no cotidiano. Entretanto, ainda que osavanços tecnológicos sejam muitos, a desigualdade de gênero aindaestá presente, em diferentes áreas do campo acadêmico eprofissional, incluindo a de tecnologia. As mulheres estão em umapresença muito reduzida se comparadas aos homens em cursos naesfera tecnológica. Estudos sobre isso têm sido realizados e, diantedisso, essa pesquisa visa contribuir para as discussões na áreainvestigando se dentre as motivações da evasão feminina em cursosligados à tecnologia existem fatores relacionados ao gênero. Oestudo, em andamento, é de abordagem quanti-qualitativa, sendodesenvolvido pelo método de estudo de caso em uma instituiçãopública de ensino que oferta cursos de nível médio e superior naárea de tecnologia. São levantados dados relacionados à evasão noscursos, entre os anos de 2017 a 2021, considerando as variáveisgênero, étnico-racial e renda. Em uma segunda fase da pesquisaserão realizadas entrevistas em profundidade com egressas queevadiram desses cursos. Percebe-se que muitos autores não levamem conta o gênero como um fator que afeta as meninas na área,ainda que os dados quantitativos já analisados apontem paradesigualdades em todas as esferas: meninas estão menos presentesnos cursos, na literatura e têm a sua permanência mais reduzida.
Léxico para Recursos Naturais e Meio Ambiente
Authors: Renata Sachs Camerlengo de Barbosa Cinthyan R , Yudi Futata Kassuya Danilo , Alves Barusso Felipe , Henrique  Silva Guilherme , Ferreira Lima Wagner
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThis paper intended to create a lexicon, where the sequences oftokens are representations of the basic vocabulary of NaturalResources and the Environment. It has the entries that areconsidered the most relevant in environmental studies and theywere selected among the most frequently used ones. In order tocreate the lexicon, a hash table was implemented, where each itemhas two parts: the key and the object. The key is the word itself tobe searched in this lexicon, and the object contains theinformation about this word. It was possible to observe that thecreation of this lexicon allows a search for natural resources andenvironment concepts with good computational performance.
Event detection in therapy sessions for children with Autism
Authors: Soli Soares Alexandre S , Tyska Carvalho Jônata , Ocker Ribeiro Guilherme , Grellert Mateus
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) impacts communication and cognitivedevelopment of children and adults, has aworldwide prevalenceof 1% on children and affects not only the people with this disorder,but also their family and the surrounding community. In the familycircle, individuals on the spectrum require greater support and attentionrelative to its cognitive capacity, impacting the mental andemotional health and even the financial life of families. The lack ofinfrastructure, professionals, and public health policies to deal withASD is a known problem, specially in low income countries. Tomitigate this issue, computer-aided ASD diagnosis and treatmentrepresent a powerful ally, reducing the workload of professionalsand allowing a better overall therapeutic experience. This paperintends to investigate how machine learning techniques can helpspecialists by providing an automated analysis of ASD recordedtherapy sessions. The proposed solution is capable of handling largeamounts of video data, filtering out irrelevant frames and keepingonly relevant scenes for posterior analysis. Our results show thatthe proposed solution is capable of reducing manual checks by upto 51.4%, which represents a significant workload reduction forhealth experts. This solution will hopefully provide researchers,therapists and specialists with a tool that assists the automatedidentification of features and events of interest in video-recordedtherapy sessions, reducing the amount of time spent on this task.
Development of an unplugged game as a learning object for teaching the history of athletics in the olympic games
Authors: Dandara Severo Denise , Eduardo Santos Souza Carlos , Paulo Bittencourt Luiz , Da Silva Belém Welliton , Alexandre da Silva Kaio
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe present work aimed to insert strategic tools with the use ofboard games in order to assist and facilitate learning about thehistory of Olympic games, highlighting the importance of workingthe Olympic context in the disciplines of Physical Educationand History. Even with the advance of technology, teachers stillfind it difficult to teach their students in the classroom, becausedistractions and lack of interest are commonplace in the schoolenvironment. Thus, a systematic review of the literature was conductedfrom journals and academic articles, aiming at a deeperstudy on the theme addressed. With this, OlympiaQuiz was created,a board game focused on teaching the Olympic Games, exploringthe social and historical context of the time, to encourage learningthrough games.
Aplicação de Aprendizado de Máquina para Predição do Preço da Cesta Básica
Authors: Getúlio Vargas Romário , Dos Santos Cunha Fernanda , Maria da Rocha Fernandes Anita
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTFour foods from the Brazilian Basic Basket were chosen forKDD application to predict future prices with their trends andcauses, if they are related to the data sources used in theresearch. To predict prices, the Holt-Winters method wasused, and to define the trend, K-Means was used. The toolsused in this development were Jupyter Notebook, Anaconda,Excel, PostgreSQL, Docker, 2UDA Orange3 and the Pythonlanguage, with its main libraries related to data science, suchas Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib and Seaborne.
Sensores Inteligentes em Sistemas Assistivos para Surdos: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: César Sabino Soares Caio , Alves da Silva Eduardo , Maria da Rocha Fernandes Anita , Delcio Parreira Wemerson
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACTThe Internet of Things (IoT) describes a network of physical objects— embedded in sensors, software, and other technologies to connectand exchange data with other devices and systems over the Internet.IoT technologies include various communication standards, operatingsystems, and data usage. Devices use several communicationmethods, which are selected based on communication distance,speed, and power consumption. We present initial results aboutthe function of the smart sensors for IoT to be used in assistivetechnologies.
Abordagem Computacional de Mapeamento Facial e Rastreamento do Sistema Visual em População de Recém-Nascidos e Crianças
Authors: Ferraz Souza Rodrigo , Khalid Hassan Al-Rob Aicha , Pires Maciel Ricardo , Samantha Marchi Bruna , Pascoali Rodovanski Giovana , Aparecida Moran Cristiane , Carlos Sobieranski Antonio
Published: May 2023

Sistemas computacionais de mapeamento facial e rastreamento visual vêm sendo usados em diversas aplicações de interação humano-computador, como educação, entretenimento, segurança e medicina. Na medicina, esses sistemas podem ser usados para acompanhar evolução de pessoas com limitações de locomoção, micro-expressões, atipicidades da visão e acompanhar recém-nascidos prematuros. Este artigo apresenta uma abordagem computacional para mapear a face de crianças e recém-nascidos, identificar a re- gião dos olhos e rastrear o ponto de visão para auxílio em análise clínica. A proposta se divide em: (i) detec- ção facial por meio de modelos convolutivos para a ob- tenção da malha de posicionamento facial e espacial do indivíduo; (ii) identificação da região do sistema visual do indivíduo; e (iii) rastreamento temporal do ponto de visão com o objetivo de obtenção das trajetórias vi- suais em relação a um protocolo clínico aplicado. Os algoritmos foram desenvolvidos sobre um dataset espe- cificamente elaborado para o projeto em questão, sendo os vídeos coletado em ambiente laboratorial. Os resul- tados experimentais preliminares foram validados em função de localização do sistema visual considerando o dataset secundário de Cambridge, obtendo uma taxa média de acurácia ponderada de 74.21% (acurácia de 98,67%), e assertividade de 88,78% para uma métrica especificamente designada para computar a correspon- dência binária em relação ao padrão-ouro com grau de liberdade de raio ???? = 9. A abordagem proposta demostrou preliminarmente a viabilidade de aplicação clínica como ferramenta de suporte e apoio à tomada de decisão da rotina clínica.
Friction heating and stress-strain state of ventilated disc brakes
Authors: Holenko Kostyantyn , Dykha Oleksandr , Babak Oleg , Posonskiy Sergiy
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the study of ventilated car disc brakes stress-strain conditions and friction under the pressure using the ANSYS environment. Such influencing factors are taken into account in the course of research as angular speed value, the pressure of the pads on the disk, the nature of the load application, convection, thermal expansion, etc. Computer modelling of the stress field and the transient thermal field in the area of contact between the pads and the disk is provided by the method of sequential thermostructural communication of the intermediate states of the brake model directly in the ANSYS Coupled Field Transient environment. Besides, the ANSYS calculations were also performed based on the primitive assembly model of two steel blocks (the discrepancy was less than 3%) to determine the identity of the theoretical knowledge about the heating of bodies as a result of the work to overcome frictional forces. Finally, a high level of calculation results convergence by analytical formulas and computer modelling was established. Since this approach justified itself, its principles were taken as a basis in the calculations of ventilated disc brakes of cars, which significantly facilitates their application, knowing the area of the active part of the disc (the rest of the boundary conditions are typical and correspond to the normal operating modes of the vehicle).
Greek consumers attitudes and motivations against PDO/PGI Agrifoods
Authors: Likudis Z. , Dafni M-F. , Sdralli D. , Costarelli V. , Αpostolopoulos C.
Published: May 2023

The study was set out to investigate the factors affecting consumers’ purchasing attitudes and their intention to buy PDO/PGI food products. A total of 615 consumers took part in the study from the municipality of Attica, Greece. The majority of the respondents consider PDO/PGI products of better quality and higher safety than the conventional ones, and they are also able to identify them. However, respondents are unsure whether these products are superior in terms of health benefits, less expensive and tastier than the conventional ones. Furthermore, consumers, who pay attention to the origin, the health claims, the label of a product, and have a high level of consumer awareness, are more likely to buy PDOs/ PGIs. Understanding the main factors that influence consumers to purchase PDO/PGI products, is a vital step towards the promotion of special labeled agri-foodstuffs, which could contribute to the local sustainable development.
Prognosis of exploration on Chat GPT with artificial intelligence ethics
Authors: Vidhya N. Gowri , Devi D. , A. Nithya , Manju T.
Published: May 2023

Natural language processing innovations in the past few decades have made it feasible to synthesis and comprehend coherent text in a variety of ways, turning theoretical techniques into practical implementations. Both report summarizing software and sectors like content writers have been significantly impacted by the extensive Language-model. A huge language model, however, could show evidence of social prejudice, giving moral as well as environmental hazards from negligence, according to observations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop comprehensive guidelines for responsible LLM (Large Language Models). Despite the fact that numerous empirical investigations show that sophisticated large language models has very few ethical difficulties, there isn't a thorough investigation and consumers study of the legality of present large language model use. We use a qualitative study method on OpenAI's ChatGPT3 to solution-focus the real-world ethical risks in current large language models in order to further guide ongoing efforts on responsibly constructing ethical large language models. We carefully review ChatGPT3 from the four perspectives of bias and robustness. According to our stated opinions, we objectively benchmark ChatGPT3 on a number of sample datasets. In this work, it was found that a substantial fraction of principled problems are not solved by the current benchmarks; therefore new case examples were provided to support this. Additionally discussed were the importance of the findings regarding ChatGPT3's AI ethics, potential problems in the future, and helpful design considerations for big language models. This study may provide some guidance for future investigations into and mitigation of the ethical risks offered by technology in large Language Models applications.
Histopathology of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Prosopis africana (African mesquite) essential oil
Authors: Alagbe John Olujimi , Agubosi Oluchi C. P. , Oluwafemi Rufus Adebisi
Published: May 2023

This study was carried out to investigate the hepatic histopathology of broiler chickens fed diets supplemented with Prosopis africana (African mesquite) essential oil (PRSO). 300, 1-day old broiler chicks were randomly distributed into six treatments with 5 replicates consisting of 10 birds each. Birds in diet 1 (D1) was fed basal diet supplemented with 0 % PRSO, D2: basal diet with 1.0 g/kg-1 oxytetracycline, D3, D4, D5 and D6 were fed basal diet supplemented with PRSO at 200 mg, 400 mg, 600 mg and 800 mg/kg-1 respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days and a completely randomized design was adopted. Phyto-constituents of PRSO revealed the presence of tannins (201.21 mg/g-1), flavonoids (677.83 mg/g-1), alkaloids (405.90 mg/g-1), saponins (75.62 mg/g-1), phenols (508.28 mg/g-1), phytates (20.10 mg/g-1) and oxalates (5.26 mg/g-1). Hepatic histopathology showed that tissues from D1, D3, D4, D5 and D6 showed no signs of any damage; the central vein, blood portal vessels showed no congestion. Mild hepatocellular damage was recorded among liver of birds in D2. It can be concluded that Prosopis africana essential oil are among the key alternative solutions to antibiotics because they contain bioactive compounds that are safe, effective and performs multiple biological functions in the body of animals.
Giardia lamblia Infection in a Duodenal Duplication Cyst as a Potential Cause of Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Ponz de Leon Pisani Ruggero , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Laghi Andrea , Doglioni Claudio , Capurso Gabriele , Archibugi Livia
Published: May 2023

Giardia lamblia is a known etiological factor of a common infectious diarrhea. In rare cases, this parasite was found to be involved in the development of pancreatic and biliary tract diseases, both inflammatory and neoplastic. We present a case of a 64-year-old man known for a duodenal duplication cyst since 2013, with episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis since 2017. He underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the duplication cyst, with evidence of G. lamblia infection. After treatment of giardiasis and evidence of parasite eradication, the episodes of recurrent acute pancreatitis ceased, following an ex adiuvantibus criterium.
The Perfect Storm: An Unusual Cause of Intestinal Perforation in a Solid Organ Transplant Patient
Authors: Joseph Karan , Aintabi Daniel , Choi Eun-Young K. , Berinstein Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2023

Immunosuppressants are used to prevent rejection in transplant patients. Many of these medications commonly cause gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We present a 38-year-old kidney and pancreas transplant recipient who had severe ulceration throughout his GI tract leading to perforations of his stomach and cecum, despite early discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil—the most likely culprit medication. The ongoing injury observed despite holding mycophenolate suggests a possible compounding effect of tacrolimus and everolimus. Both these agents are underrepresented causes of GI injury. This perfect storm of agents may have accounted for the severity and extensive presentation observed in our patient.
UAS-Based Multi-Temporal Rice Plant Height Change Prediction
Authors: Lin Yuanyang , He Jing , Liu Gang , Mou Biao , Wang Bing , Fu Rao
Published: May 2023

Analyzing rice growth is essential for examining pests, illnesses, lodging, and yield. To create a Digital Surface Model (DSM ) of three important rice breeding stages, an efficient and fast (compared to manual monitoring) Unoccupied Aerial System was used to collect data. Outliers
emerge in DSM as a result of the influence of environ- ment and equipment, and the outliers related to rice not only affect the extraction of rice growth changes but are also more challenging to remove. Therefore, after using ground control points uniform geodetic level for filtering, statistical
outlier removal (SOR ) and quadratic surface filtering (QSF ) are used. After that, differential operations are applied to the DSM to create a differential digital surface model that can account for the change in rice plant height. Comparing the prediction accuracy before and after filtering:
R2 = 0.72, RMSE = 5.13cm, nRMSE = 10.65% for the initial point cloud; after QSF, R2 = 0.89, RMSE = 2.51cm, nRMSE = 5.21%; after SOR, R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 3.32cm, nRMSE = 6.89%. The findings demonstrate that point cloud filtering, particularly SOR, can increase
the accuracy of rice monitoring. The method is effective for monitoring, and after filtering, the accuracy is sufficiently increased to satisfy the needs of growth analysis. This has some potential for application and extension.