bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor - Faktor Keputusan Petani Dalam Memasarkan Tanda Buah Segar (TBS) Kelapa Sawit Di Kabupaten Nagan Raya
Authors: Faldi Bunga Azzafira , Ginting Litna Nurjannah , Baihaqi Akhmad
Published: December 2024

Abstrak. Kabupaten Nagan Raya berdasarkan daerah penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di Provinsi Aceh, yang mencatat luas areal terluas dengan 53.151 hektar, mengalami peningkatan sebesar 923 hektar dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada wilayah yang memiliki produktivitas komoditas Kelapa Sawit terbesar di Kabupaten Nagan Raya, yaitu Kecamatan Darul Makmur dan Tadu Raya. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan ialah  regresi logistik multinomial. Pada Regresi Logistik Multinomial, Setiap variabel dalam model memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keputusan petani dalam memasrakan TBS ke pedagang pengumpul, dengan beberapa variabel meningkatkan probabilitas (Harga Jual TBS Rp. 1.500 - 2.500 (X11), Jarak kebun ke parbik ≤15 Km (X31), Total Produksi TBS per Panen ≤10.000 kg (X41), dan Tidak Puas dengan Kemitraan (X71)) dan satu variabel menurunkan probabilitas (Tidak Memiliki Kontrak Petani Dengan Kemitraan (X61)). Decision Factors of Farmers in Marketing Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) in Nagan Raya DistrictAbstract. Nagan Raya District based on the largest oil palm producing area in Aceh Province, which recorded the largest area with 53,151 hectares, an increase of 923 hectares compared to the previous year. This research was conducted in areas that have the largest productivity of Palm Oil commodities in Nagan Raya District, namely Darul Makmur and Tadu Raya Districts. The research method used was multinomial logistic regression. In the Multinomial Logistic Regression, each variable in the model has a significant influence on the farmer's decision to supply FFB to the collector traders, with several variables increasing the probability (Selling Price of FFB Rp. 1,500 - 2,500 (X11), Distance from farm to parbik ≤15 Km (X31), Total FFB Production per Harvest ≤10,000 kg (X41), and Not Satisfied with the Partnership (X71)) and one variable decreasing the probability (Not Having a Farmer Contract with the Partnership (X61)).
Perbandingan Hasil Tangkapan Menggunakan Purse Seine, Pancing Ulur, dan Rawai pada Ikan Kakap (Lutjanus sp.) (Studi Kasus Ikan Kakap di Pelabuhan Perairan Samudera (PPS))
Authors: Syahfitri Nabilah Nur , Sofyan Sofyan , Indra Indra
Published: December 2024

Penurunan stok ikan secara langsung berdampak pada stabilitas ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir, serta berpotensi menimbulkan konflik sosial akibat persaingan yang semakin ketat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi sebab yang memengaruhi penurunan hasil tangkapan ikan kakap, dengan fokus pada perbandingan efektivitas alat tangkap seperti purse seine, pancing ulur, dan rawai. Penelitian ini menganalisis data kuantitatif dengan mendeskripsikan dari data hasil tangkapan menggunakan purse seine, pancing ulur, dan rawai pada ikan kakap untuk melihat faktor penyebab dari menurunnya hasil tangkapan dalam perbulannya. Kemudian, analisis kedua menggunakan uji Kruskal Wallis yang dilanjut dengan uji Post Hoc untuk melihat alat tangkap pada ikan kakap mana yang disarankan untuk digunakan. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah pada bulan Januari dan Februari alat tangkap purse seine lebih unggul dengan berat tangkapan 2.170 kg/bulan dan 902 kg/bulan. Pada alat tangkap jenis pancing ulur unggul pada bulan Maret sebanyak 1282,5 kg/bulan, April sebanyak 885,83 kg/bulan, Mei sebanyak 802 kg/bulan, Juni sebanyak 1499,33 kg/bulan, Juli sebanyak 1249,33 kg/bulan, Agustus sebanyak 982,67 kg/bulan, dan November dengan berat tangkapan sebanyak 1009,33 kg/bulan. Sedangkan pancing rawai unggul di bulan Oktober dan Desember dengan berat tangkapan 529,67 kg/bulan dan 771,67 kg/bulan. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah Alat tangkap purse seine dengan pancing ulur dan rawai terdapat hasil yang berbeda signifikan. Sedangkan pancing ulur dan rawai menghasilkan hasil yang tidak beda signifikan. Alat tangkap yang efektif digunakan adalah rawai dan pancing ulur dengan alasan rawai dapat digunakan untuk memancing di kedalaman yang lebih dalam sesuai dengan habitat dari ikan kakap, sedangkan pancing ulur lebih efektif di area yang lebih dangkal ke area sedang dalam.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTICIPATION IN FARMERS' GROUPS AND THE INCOME OF RICE FARMERS IN MANGGENG DISTRICT
Authors: Rahmaddiansyah Rahmaddiansyah , Fadia Laman , Agussabti Agussabti
Published: December 2024

The agricultural sector is one of the sectors that is the center of attention in national development. Management and utilization of agricultural products are expected to be carried out in a more planned manner with optimum utilization for community welfare. Manggeng District has high agricultural land potential, especially for paddy fields. Farmer groups in Manggeng District, Southwest Aceh Regency are expected to be able to increase agricultural production which can ultimately increase farmers' income. However, many people still assume that farmer groups do not have a role in increasing farmers' income. Farmers are reluctant to participate in extension activities that are useful as information/knowledge in increasing agricultural productivity. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of farmer participation in paddy field farmer groups in Manggeng District, to determine the factors that influence farmer group participation in Manggeng District and to determine and analyze the relationship between participation and income of paddy field farmers in Manggeng District. The sample in this study was 42 paddy field farmers in Manggeng District. The analysis method used is the descriptive statistical analysis method and correlation test with the Spearman rank method. The results of the study obtained the participation index of the advanced category farmer group ( 5 years) of 0.75 and the participation index of the middle category farmer group (= 5 years) was 0.74. The average income of the advanced category farmer group was Rp. 2,177,250 (medium income level), while the average income of the middle farmer group was Rp. 1,275,627 (low income level). The relationship between participation and the income of rice farmers in Manggeng District found that participation had a significant effect on the income of rice farmers in Manggeng District with a significance value of 0.000 smaller than 0.05. The Correlation Coefficient value was 0.585 with a correlation level of the two research variables being moderate (quite strong) with a positive relationship direction.
Analisis Perubahan Indeks Kekeringan Menggunakan Metode SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) di Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Azkia Nurul , Yasar Muhammad , Syahrul Syahrul
Published: December 2024

Abstrak. Di wilayah Aceh khususnya di Kabupaten Aceh Besar sebagian besar masyarakat masih mengandalkan sawah tadah hujan, sehingga produksi padi pada wilayah ini dipengaruhi oleh pola curah hujan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian indeks kekeringan pada wilayah Kabupaten Aceh Besar sangat diperlukan. Penentuan indeks kekeringan menggunakan metode SPI, karena memiliki indeks yang fleksibel dan sederhana dalam perhitungannya. SPI dapat memberikan informasi tentang kekeringan yang berlangsung dalam beberapa bulan atau bahkan tahun, hal ini memungkinkan untuk memahami dampak kekeringan jangka panjang dan dengan memonitor nilai SPI dapat dilakukan antisipasi terhadap potensi kekeringan yang akan datang. Hasil analisis pada perhitungan indeks kekeringan menggunakan metode SPI di Kabupaten Aceh Besar menunjukkan tingkat keparahan yang berbeda. Kejadian pada SPI 1 bulanan terparah terjadi pada tahun 2020 yaitu sebesar -2,22 sedangkan tingkat kebasahan terjadi pada tahun 2014, yaitu sebesar 2,81. Kejadian pada SPI 3 bulanan terparah terjadi pada tahun 2020, yaitu sebesar -2,37 sedangkan tingkat kebasahan terjadi pada tahun 2020, yaitu sebesar 2,47. Kejadian pada SPI 6 bulanan terparah terjadi pada tahun 1998, yaitu sebesar -2,35 sedangkan tingkat kebasahan terjadi pada tahun 2014, yaitu sebesar 2,79. Kejadian pada SPI 12 bulanan terparah terjadi pada tahun 1998, yaitu sebesar -2,01 sedangkan tingkat kebasahan terjadi pada tahun 2011, yaitu sebesar 2,34. Kata kunci: Kekeringan, Produktivitas Padi, Metode SPI Abstract. In Aceh Besar Regency, the majority of people still rely on rain-fed rice fields where the irrigation system relies heavily on rainfall so that rice production in this area is influenced by rainfall. Therefore, study onthe drought index using the SPI method in Aceh Besar Regency is needed. The SPI method was chosen because it has a flexible index and is simple to calculate. SPI can provide information about droughts that last for several months or even years, this makes it possible to understand the impact of long-term droughts and by monitoring SPI values it is possible to anticipate the potential for future droughts. The results of the analysis of the drought index calculation using the SPI method in Aceh Besar Regency show different levels of severity. The worst 1-month SPI incident occurred in 2020, namely -2.22, while the level of wetness occurred in 2014, namely 2.81. The worst 3-month SPI incident occurred in 2020, namely -2.37, while the wetness level occurred in 2020, namely 2.47. The worst incidence of the 6-month SPI occurred in 1998, namely -2.35, while the level of wetness occurred in 2014, namely 2.79. The worst incidence of the 12-month SPI occurred in 1998, namely -2.01, while the level of wetness occurred in 2011, namely 2.34. Keywords: Drought, Rice Productivity, SPI Method
Soybean Yield and Yield Components Depending on Sowing Rate and Sowing Date
Authors:   University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Pospišil Ana , Pospišil Milan
Published: December 2024

A research on the influence of a sowing date on the soybean yield and the yield of its components was carried out at the Experimental Site of the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Zagreb during 2019 and 2020. The study involved two soybean varieties, the AFZG Ana (maturity group 0) and Gabriela (maturity group 00-0), sown on the two sowing dates (i.e., an optimal and a late one) and three sowing rates: 40, 65, and 90 germinating seeds m-2. The sowing time did not have a significant effect on the soybean seeds’ yield and the yield of their components. In both research years, the Gabriela variety achieved a higher seed yield when compared to the AFZG Ana variety, which is a result of a higher number of nodes on the main stem, number of fertile nodes on the main stem, number of pods, number of seeds, and the seed weight per plant. The Gabriela variety achieved a significantly higher harvest index in both years. The seed yield increased with an increasing sowing density up to 65 seeds m-2. However, the differences were statistically significant only in 2019. The values of the yield components decreased with an increasing sowing density.
Bioassay with Four Test Plants for Evaluation of Compost and Vermicompost Suitability as a Growing Medium
Authors:   J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of agrobiotechnical sciences Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Lončarić Zdenko , Novaković Izabela , Perić Katarina , Nemet Franjo , Ravnjak Boris , Tkalec Kojić Monika , Pravdić Gabriela , Ganseberger Maja , Uzelac Ivona , Božić Vinko , Vinković Tomislav
Published: December 2024

Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je biološkim testom i uobičajenim fizikalno-kemijskim ana-lizama utvrditi pogodnost komposta i vermikomposta za upotrebu kao komponenata supstrata za uzgoj presadnica četiriju različitih biljnih vrsta (kres salata — Lapidium sativum L., krastavac — Cucumis sativus L., ječam — Hordeum vulgare L. i pšenoraž — xTriticosecale Wittmack). Dodatni cilj bio je utvrditi hoće li se dodatkom različitih koncentracija amonijskoga dušika (400 i 600 mg/L NH4-N) postići fitostimulativni ili fitotoksični učinak na istraživane testne biljke. Osnovna hipoteza bila je da postoji razlika u pogodnosti uzgoja različitih presadnica na kompostu, vermikompostu i njihovim smjesama s komercijalnim supstratom te da postoji razlika u pogodnosti testnih biljaka za evaluaciju kvalitete komposta. Istraživani kompost i vermikompost proizvedeni su iz biljnih ostataka nakon održavanja i uređivanja zelenih javnih povr-šina. Analizirani kompost i vermikompost su stabilna i zrela organska gnojiva s povi-šenim pH vrijednostima i specifičnom gustoćom. Snižavanje pH vrijednosti i nasipne gustoće može se postići miješanjem s kiselim tresetnim supstratom. Utvrđene su značajne razlike između testnih biljaka, pri čemu je ječam bio dominantan u pogledu visine i nadzemne mase, a krastavac je imao nešto duži korijen. S druge strane, kres salata bila je značajno inferiorna glede navedenih svojstava. Istraživani kompost i vermikompost mogu uspješno poslužiti kao komponenta za smjesu s komercijal-nim supstratom u omjeru 1:1, to jest kao zamjena 50 % komercijalnoga supstrata.
Zalijevanje presadnica otopinama amonijskoga dušika (otopine amonijeva karbona-ta) povećalo je nadzemnu masu i visinu ječma i pšenoraži, a učinak na masu i visinu krastavca i kres salate nije bio konzistentan. Suprotan je učinak na duljinu korijena, uz redukciju korijena krastavca i pšenoraži, a bez značajnoga učinka na korijen ječma i kres salate. U biološkim testovima trebalo bi se koristiti ječmom i kres sala-tom, a u nekim slučajevima i krastavcem, dok se nije potrebno koristiti pšenoražju ako se koristimo ječmom kao testnom biljkom. Ječam je najpogodnija testna biljka za utvrđivanje pozitivnoga učinka otopine amonijaka, a krastavac je najpogodniji za testiranje niskih (nedovoljnih) količina amonijskoga oblika dušika. Kres salata najpogodnija je biljna vrsta za utvrđivanje fitotoksičnosti supstrata.
A Current Status and Production Potential of Industrial Hemp in Croatia, Based on a SWOT Analysis
Authors:   J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of agrobiotechnical sciences Osijek, Vladimira Preloga 1, 31000 Osijek, Croatia, Ranogajec Ljubica , Antunović Manda , Stipešević Bojan , Varga Ivana
Published: December 2024

In the past, Croatia had industrial hemp cultivation mainly for fiber obtainment. Recently, the interest in seed and flower production has risen worldwide. Industrial hemp is interesting in many aspects, so the study evaluates the current status and potential of production using a SWOT analysis. The average harvested area under industrial hemp in Croatia was around 1,000 ha (2014 – 2023), with a seed yield of 0.8 t ha-1. In addition to the favorable agroecological conditions, a considerable num-ber of products and the medicinal properties of the plant provide most of the strength to the production. Still, the main weakness is a lack of specialized mechanization and specific regulations that the farmers need to circumvent, which may result in a loss of interest in production. The most common products on the market are the seeds, seed oil, and the CBD oil. Stem processing has not been developed yet, even though it has much potential.
Dynamic Touchstroke Analysis with Explainable Artificial Intelligence Tree-Based Learners
Authors: Lim Wun Puo , Ooi Shih Yin , Pang Ying Han , Ramalingam Soodamani , Chew Yee Jian
Published: December 2024

As mobile devices become integral to daily life, robust authentication methods are essential for ensuring security. Traditional methods like personal identification numbers and swipe patterns remain vulnerable to social engineering attacks. To address these risks, this study investigates behavioural biometrics, specifically touch-stroke dynamics, as a transparent and secure alternative. By leveraging unique user interaction patterns, such as touch speed and pressure, this approach provides a distinctive means of authentication. Although various machine learning techniques are available for touch-stroke analysis, the interpretability of classification decisions is vital. This paper implements explainable artificial intelligence with tree-based learners, specifically decision trees and random forests, to enhance the transparency and effectiveness of touch-stroke dynamic authentication. Performance evaluations show that random forests achieve equal error rates (EER) between 0.03% and 0.05%, and decision trees yield EERs between 0.02% and 0.07%, demonstrating a balance between security and interpretability for mobile authentication.
Me and AAC - Alternative and Augmented Communication in West Germany from a Biographical and Media Archaeological Perspective
Authors: Müggenburg Jan , Wagenknecht Andreas
Published: December 2024

The article presents a case study on the history of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) in West Germany from the 1980s to the early 2000s, with a regional focus on the state of North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW). The conceptual framework guiding this study is the question of how the meaning and individual experience of assistance evolve in conjunction with the technical development and practical use of speech computers. The article sheds light on the interplay between historical contingency and individual socio-technical situatedness of disabled AAC-users. It brings together two disciplinary perspectives in a dialogue based on interviews, published primary sources, and the description of historical hardware and software. Biographical narratives of AAC users in NRW are combined with a media archaeological case study of the institutional and technological formations and developments of AAC in the region. We discuss assistive technologies as a historically variable phenomenon. Assistance is a precarious undertaking that is constantly renegotiated by new technological developments. Each stage of assistive technology has consequences for everyday communication practices and the provision of communicative assistance, creating possibilities and impossibilities for the use of technology. For AAC users, this means that they find themselves in specific constellations that affect both their relationship with the device and their subjective preferences and established routines.
We argue that so-called assistive technologies are involved in the co-constitution of disability, and therefore suggest referring to them as ‘assistive media.’
Quo vadis?, Cabiria and the ‘Archaeologists’
Authors: Kessler Frank
Published: December 2024

Book review of: Ivo Blom, Quo vadis?, Cabiria and the ‘Archaeologists’ (Edizioni Kaplan, 2023), 310 pp., ISBN 978-88-99559-66-3.
Radophilia
Authors: Verreyen Loren
Published: December 2024

Book review of: Carolyn Birdsall, Radiophilia (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2023)., 296 pp., ISBN 9781501374968
De muziekfabriek. TMF en de Nederlandse popcultuur
Authors: Verhoef Jesper
Published: December 2024

Book review of: Jaap Kooijman, De muziekfabriek. TMF en de Nederlandse popcultuur (Mazirel Pers, 2024), 183 pp., ISBN: 978 9464 560 527.
Ocular manifestations of oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Bhateja Sumit , Saciideva Aksilat , Arora Geetika , Malhotra Vaibhav , Malhotra Taniya
Published: December 2024

Autoimmune blistering diseases refer to a diverse group of conditions that primarily target the skin and mucosa. However, in some cases, other organ systems can be involved, depending on the specific pathophysiology of the disease. Owing to the increased possibility of blindness associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment, it is essential to be aware of and detect ocular manifestations of these diseases at an early stage. The present article discusses the various oral mucosal lesions encountered in daily practice with emphasis on the ocular manifestations of each lesion.
The effect of intravitreal injection on macular thickness on visual acuity and status of intra ocular pressure with diabetic macular edema
Authors: Sharma Aryantika , Sharma Navneet , Kumari Anju , Kaistha Pratyaksh , Kumar Shailesh
Published: December 2024

Intravitreal ranibizumab injection very common in treatment of diabetic macular edema also helpful in decreasing the changes caused due to Diabetic Macular Edema, associated with different types of diabetes and works well in overall improvement of visual outcomes. To assess changes in macular thickness using OCT MACULA and intraocular pressure using a noncontact tonometer (NCT) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab injection in diabetic macular edema patients.

: This was observational study done on 60 patients. The assessment of macular thickness changes done with the help of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intraocular pressure monitored with non-contact tonometer (NCT) whereas visual acuity assessment was recorded with Snellen’s chart. Intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg of Ranibizumab was injected 3.5 mm from the limbus under topical anaesthetic drops. Post injection follow up was scheduled on 1st post procedure day and after one month. Post procedure Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in all patients 1 week before and 1 month after 1st injection

: Out of a total of 60 eyes, 38 patients had poor control of diabetes, whereas in 22 (64%) patients’ diabetes was under control with treatment. IOP recorded had a mean value of 17mmHg in 95% of cases and 5% had gone to higher side 30mmHg to 45mmHg. The mean Central Macular Thickness pre intravitreal Ranibizumab injection thickness was 385.40 ± 42.25 um. After giving injection, on the final visit after 1 month, the mean thickness had gradually decreased by 324.22 ± 33.55 um. 53patients out of 60 (88%) had Insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus whereas 7 cases (12%) had Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus

: Ranibizumab intravitreal injection is effective in cases of DME. This is also effective to improve visual outcome. NPDR was most commonly found in Insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus and in cases of Proliferative diabetic Retinopathy -Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetic Mellitus was more commonly observed. Central macular thickness after 1 month of injection was reduced in 57 cases 95% whereas the visual acuity improvement also seen in these patients and increased. In 57 / 60 cases (95%) visual acuity was improved, In 2/60 (3.34%) visual acuity remained as it is and in 1/60 (1.66%). case it was decreased. In 95% of cases the IOP maintained under normal limits. In 5% cases it had gone to the higher side.
Genotype-specific patterns and clinical implications of ocular morbidity in sickle cell disease patients: insights from a tertiary healthcare center in India
Authors: Das Devi Aiswarya , Khuntia Ipsita , Behera Sharmistha , Baa Jeneeta , Routray Pallavi , Misra Sasmita
Published: December 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent genetic disorder marked by chronic hemolysis and vaso-occlusive events, leading to multiorgan complications, including significant ocular morbidity. This study aims to elucidate genotype-specific patterns and clinical implications of ocular morbidity in SCD patients at a tertiary healthcare center in western Odisha, India.

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VSSIMSAR), Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha, from November 2018 to October 2020. A total of 103 SCD patients were enrolled using convenience sampling. Detailed ocular examinations, including visual acuity assessment, anterior segment evaluation, fundoscopy, and additional imaging, were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS to identify genotype-specific patterns of ocular morbidity.

Of the 103 patients, 60 had HbSS and 43 had HbSC genotype. The overall prevalence of ocular manifestations was 76.6%, with HbSC patients showing a slightly higher prevalence (81.4%) compared to HbSS patients (73.3%). Conjunctival corkscrew vessels were significantly more prevalent in HbSC patients (p=0.041). No significant differences were found between genotypes for other anterior segment signs or non-proliferative and proliferative fundus signs.

Our study reveals a high prevalence of ocular morbidity in SCD patients, with notable genotype-specific patterns. HbSC patients are more prone to certain ocular manifestations, underscoring the need for genotype-specific screening and management strategies. Early detection and targeted interventions can mitigate vision loss and improve patient outcomes.
Evaluation of ultrasound B-scan in a tertiary eye care centre in Central India
Authors: Agrawal Mahesh , Agarwal Teena
Published: December 2024

: To evaluate the B-scan findings in tertiary eye care Retina Clinic in relevance to clinical management and to find out the visual potential in anterior segment pathology.

We are tertiary eye care centre in Central India and do get referral from other centres as well as in house referral to Retina OPD. In present retrospective study, we evaluated 192 eyes of 181 patients, above 16yrs of age. All the B-scan were done by Quantel ABSOLU 15 MHz probe in supine position.

A total of 192 patients were evaluated by B-scan. We have divided total 192 eyes in two groups 1 & 2, Cataract & Non-cataract groups respectively, for ease of understanding the indication of B-scan. Among total 192 eyes, 111 eyes (57.81%) were included in Group 1 & rest 81 eyes (42.18%) fall in Group 2. In group 1, the indications for B-scan were Mature Cataract. In group 2, the most common indication was Vitreous haemorrhage- 28Cases (34.56%), followed by post-surgical trauma- 17cases (20.98%), Corneal Opacity- 13 cases (16.04%), & Inflammatory- 10cases (12.34%). The remaining 13 cases (4 cases of Asteroid hyalosis, 3 cases of Disc coloboma, and 2 cases each of Optic Nerve Head Drusen, Microphthalmos & Intraocular foreign body) were grouped as miscellaneous -16.04%.

B-scan is an important non-invasive and economical tool for posterior segment evaluation. We also noted very important observation that among 13 Corneal Opacity patients, 9 patients were having attached retina with normal sonic appearance of posterior segment which signifies the visual potential in these cases which are often overlooked.
Visual and anatomical outcome of inverted ILM flap technique for large macular hole surgery
Authors: Nizam Nusrat Benta , Pathan Md. Arif Hayat Khan , Rahman Mostafizur , Islam Md. Mominul
Published: December 2024

A new study finds that in about 14-16% of macular hole repairs using the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique, the hole actually closes itself thanks to a thin layer of the ILM left behind, not the full flap itself. This suggests a potentially simpler closure mechanism for this surgery.

This study was conducted to investigates both the physical results (anatomy) and vision improvements experienced by patients who underwent large macular hole surgery using the inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap technique.

: 20 patients with significant macular defects participated in the research from January 2019 to December 2019 at the Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital. Idiopathic large macular lesions were analyzed in the study using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and biomicroscopy. Exclusion criteria excluded macular holes measuring less than 400 μm and those resulting from other etiologies. Demographic and clinical information was collected, including age, gender, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed on the anterior region and fundus, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to verify the presence of macular holes. Approval from the institutional ethical committee was obtained, and surgical procedures were performed after informed consent. The final best-corrected visual acuity was documented, and a comprehensive ocular assessment was conducted during appointments.

In this study half (50.0%) of patients belonged to those aged≥51 years. The mean age was 41.40±17.87 years with ranged from 20 to 60. Here it was observed that the mean BCVA pre-operative was 1.39±0.65 and the mean BCVA (3 months after surgery) was 0.50±0.16. In OCT all (100.0%) patients had macular holes before surgery and 100.0% closure of MH after surgery. Here ERM is formed in only 1(10.0%) patient.

The study found a 100% closure rate for macular holes and superior functional outcomes. Further research is needed to assess the efficacy of this approach with a larger sample size and longer follow-up duration.
Intrastromal voriconazole injection as a primary treatment of deep seated fungal corneal ulcer versus conventional treatment
Authors: Singh Arti , Rana Jagriti , Dubey Ashutosh , Dwivedi Kshama , Singh Kamaljeet , Singh Shivangi , Lolarakh Ram , Gautam Aastika
Published: December 2024

To compare efficacy of intrastromal Voriconazole as a primary treatment of deep seated fungal corneal ulcer versus conventional treatment in form of 5% topical Natamycinin Northern India.

A prospective, hospital based, interventional study was done between Jan 2022 to Jan 2023 in all deep seated fungal corneal ulcers involving half or more of corneal stromal depth.

A total 30 patients (15 patients in each group) were studied. Groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, laterality, causative organism and size and depth of infiltrate. Mean age in intrastromal Voriconazole group was 40.5±19.2 and in topical 5% Natamycin group was 40.8±16. Out of the 15 patients in Natamycin group, 6(40%) patients did not show any improvement, worsening seen in 4(27%), improvement was noted in 3(20%) and 2(13%) patients were cured of fungal corneal ulcer. Out of 15 patients in intrastromal Voriconazole group, 7(47%) patients showed improvement, 6(40%) patients were cured and worsening of ulcer was noted in 2(13%) patients. On comparison, outcome between two groups was found to be statistically significant (p<0.006).

5% Natamycin is a drug of choice for fungal corneal ulcer, however, due to poor penetration of topical antifungal drugs, in deep seated fungal corneal ulceration and abscesses it was not found to be very effective. In these cases, due to broader spectrum of activity, higher achieved concentration at infection site and lower complication rate, intrastromal Voriconazole could be considered as a primary therapy. Further prospective studies with larger sample size are needed toestablish the outcome.
Extensive assessment of fundamental factors in the development and validation of bioanalytical methods: Highlighting accuracy and reliability
Authors: Waikar Sakshi S. , Raut Manisha , Dugaje Tejashree , Pathan Vasim T. , Bendale Atul R. , Jadhav Anil G.
Published: December 2024

Bioanalysis is a pivotal method employed in the pharmaceutical industry for the quantitative analysis of drugs and their metabolites within biological samples. It plays a crucial role in various aspects of pharmaceutical research, including bioequivalence, pharmacokinetic, and toxicokinetic studies. Method development, validation, and sample analysis are integral components of bioanalytical processes, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of results. Throughout each stage of analysis, careful evaluation is required to identify and mitigate any potential sources of interference, such as environmental factors, matrix effects, or procedural variations. Bioanalytical methods encompass a range of techniques utilized for the measurement of analytes within biological matrices, spanning from sample collection to data reporting. The establishment of robust bioanalytical methods is imperative throughout the drug discovery and development continuum, ultimately contributing to regulatory approval. Within this context, bioanalytical methods are extensively utilized to quantify pharmaceuticals and their metabolites within plasma matrices, facilitating both human clinical trials and non-human investigations.
Polymeric innovations in drug delivery: Enhancing therapeutic efficacy
Authors: Gangadi Jayapal Reddy , Kokkula Pavan Kumar , Kannadasan M.
Published: December 2024

Drug delivery is the method or process of administering pharmaceutical compounds to achieve a therapeutic effect in humans or animals. Drug delivery technologies are designed to modify the release, absorption, distribution, and elimination of drugs to enhance therapeutic effectiveness, safety, and patient adherence. Innovative drug delivery systems provide a variety of approaches, such as oral, injectable, implantable, pulmonary, nasal, transmucosal, transdermal, and topical routes, along with options for delivering proteins and peptides. Polymers, due to their large molecular structure and diverse functional groups, play a pivotal role in these systems. Progress in polymer science has paved the way for the development of advanced drug delivery platforms. To optimize polymer-based drug delivery, it is essential to carefully evaluate both surface and bulk properties during the design process. This review explores the use of natural and synthetic polymers in oral drug delivery systems. Natural polymers include protein-based polymers like collagen, albumin, and gelatin, and polysaccharides such as alginate, chitosan, dextran, gums, hyaluronic acid, starch, and cellulose. Synthetic polymers are classified into biodegradable types, which include polyesters such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV), polycaprolactone (PCL), and poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Additionally, they encompass poly anhydrides like poly sebacic acid and poly adipic acid. Non-biodegradable synthetic polymers include silicones, cellulose derivatives, synthetic carbonates, acrylics, and others like vinyl chloride polymer and copolymers, styrene acrylonitrile polymer (SAN), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer (ABS), and polystyrenes. This review focuses on summarizing recent progress in polymer-based drug delivery systems, emphasizing their capability to improve therapeutic effectiveness and promote patient adherence.
A review of isoxazole biological activity and present synthetic techniques
Authors: Kumar Mohan , Kumar Vikul , Sharma Meenakshi
Published: December 2024

Isoxazole compounds have a broad range of biological actions and targets. One of the developments has been the creation of chemicals having heterocycle rings. The incorporation of an isoxazole ring may result in enhanced physical-chemical characteristics. The isoxazole ring is a common moiety in compounds because to its distinct characteristics. design. The primary emphasis of this review article has been on the uses of isoxazole compounds in addressing a variety of illnesses, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and antibacterial ones. Compound strategies FDA-approved, preclinical, and clinical medication designs were discussed. Additionally, the focus has been addressed. to the application's future trends and viewpoints.
Determination of psychosocial care practices and needs of oncology nurses
Authors: Mercan Şengül , Özkan Birgül
Published: December 2024

The purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial nursing practices and needs of oncology nurses by testing the validity and reliability of the scale by adapting and applying the questionnaire prepared by the American Oncology Nursing Society (ONS) group to determine the psychosocial nursing practices and needs of oncology nurses. Method: The study was descriptive. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 24 questions, including 4 questions about socio-demographic characteristics and 20 Likert-type questions. The research group consisted of 201 oncology nurses in Turkey. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was higher than 80% of the experts’ consensus for all items. KMO was satisfactory (KMO. 0.820) and the assumption of sphericity was met (22–4003.071.0.001). Using the split-half method (dividing the test into two halves), the reliability values of Strict Parallel (0.922) and Gutman Split Half Coefficients (0.916) were high and the scale was found to be reliable. Results and conclusions: The Determination of Psychosocial Care Practices and Needs of oncology nurses questionnaire is a valid and reliable scale that can be used in Turkish. When the results of this questionnaire were examined to determine the needs of oncology nurses during Psychosocial Care Practices, it was found that there were deficiencies such as lack of time, knowledge, experience and resources. At the same time, it is recommended that this study be used in different studies with large sample groups in order to contribute to the literature as a guide for oncology buses.
Macrozoobenthos as a Bioindicator of Pollution in the Malaka Strait Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Djunaidi Djunaidi , Kelana Perdana Putra , Pramesthy Tyas Dita , Arkham Muhammad Nur , Kusuma Haris Rangga Bayu
Published: December 2024

Macrozoobentos are known as organisms that are sensitive to environmental changes, so they are widely used as biological indicators of a water. This study aims to determine the types of macrozoobenthos, the level of diversity, uniformity, and dominance of macrozoobenthos, including the family biotic index (FBI) to detect water quality in Dumai City. The method used was a survey with stations determined through the purposive sampling. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected using a line transect with a square transect and a core sampler. A total of 381 macrozoobentos individuals found in the waters of Dumai City consisted of 6 species from the Gastropods class (Nerita articulata, Chicoreus capucinus, Littorina scabra, Ellobium aurisjudae, Cerithidae quoyii, and Pugilina cochlidium); Bivalvia class: 1 family and 1 species (Polymesoda bengalensis). The highest macrozoobenthos density was found at Station 3 (125 ind/m2) and the lowest at station 1 (21 ind/m2). The Shannon-Wienner diversity index ranged between 1.17 and 1.52. The diversity index at all stations was relatively low, the macrozoobenthos uniformity index was high (0.654697-to 0.783512), and the dominance index was relatively low (0.234078-to 0.43574). The Shannon-Wienner Index and the dominance index are also relatively low. Further testing using the FBI showed differences in water quality: Station 1 was adequate, Station 2 was poor, while Station 3 was somewhat poor. Monitoring macrozoobenthos diversity can be helpful in detecting changes or disturbances in ecosystems.
Keywords: bioindicator, diversity, Family Biotik Index, macrozoobenthos
Hematological Profile of Beef Cattle After Consuming Concentrate Feed Supplemented with Depolarized Katuk Leaf (Fedtugrow®) in Local Farmers
Authors: Ronald Tarigan  , Fadjar Satrija  , Muladno  , Afton Atabany  , Yuliantoni Queen  , Suprayogi Agik
Published: December 2024

Fedtugrow® is a complete feed containing depolarized katuk (Sauropus androgynous) leaves and is beneficial for enhancing the productivity of both dairy and beef cattle. Depolarization technology in katuk leaves involves the removal of polar compounds from the leaf to eliminate the potential side effects resulting from katuk consumption, such as bronchiolitis obliterans and inhibition of calcium absorption. This technology could eliminate side effects without compromising the efficacy of katuk leaves in increasing milk production and body weight gain. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Fedtugrow® in promoting the growth of beef cattle and its impact on the health status of the cattle raised on smallholder local farms with distinct characteristics compared to commercial farms. Ten Limousin male cattle entering the fattening phase were divided into a control group that consumed standard concentrate and a treatment group that consumed Fedtugrow® for three months. Blood was collected at the end of treatment for hematological analysis, including erythrocyte and leukocyte profiles. Cows consuming Fedtugrow® showed a significantly higher average daily gain and lower stress index than the control. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in the hematological profile, such as total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, hematocrit, and total leukocytes. This study showed the ability of Fedtugrow® as a growth promoter without negatively affecting the physiological status of beef cattle raised on smallholder farms.
Keywords: Beef cattle, Fedtugrow®, hematology, smallholder local farm
Molecular and Growth Responses of Musa acuminata var. Barangan Post Application of Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria
Authors: Hanifah Yusadi  , Arief Pambudi  , Yunus Effendi
Published: December 2024

Endophytic bacteria reside in plants' roots and can benefit plant growth. The study aimed to evaluate the application of an endophytic bacterial consortium in enhancing the growth of banana plants and identify genes that maximally assist in nutrient utilization during banana plant growth. One-month-old banana plants were inoculated by soaking them for one hour in a 500 mL suspension of endophytic bacteria. In vivo observations were conducted in the greenhouse at Al-Azhar University Indonesia over 40 days, during which morphological and physiological growth were calculated. The results revealed that control plants exhibited lower growth than those treated with endophytic bacteria. The application of endophytic bacteria led to increased growth in banana barangan plants, as evidenced by improvements in leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and chlorophyll levels. Furthermore, a semi-quantitative analysis of banana plants treated with Cytobacillus depressus, Bacillus stratophericus, and B. mycoides revealed genes significantly contributing to growth. These genes, including WRKY33, Ma03_92660, Ma01_901890, Ma04_936790, and Pho-1,2, exhibited their highest expression levels starting from the 28th day of the experiment.
Keywords: plant growth, endophytic consortium bacteria, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, identify genes
Diversity of Oil Palm Seedlings Jambi Accessions Exhibits Physiology Responses Differently During a Waterlogged
Authors: Evan Vria Andesmora  , Hamim  , Sulistijorini  , Triadiati Triadiati
Published: December 2024

Cultivated oil palm is commonly found in several ecosystems with different topographies, including riparian areas. This ecosystem is expected to affect the morphology and physiology of oil palms. In addition, oil palm habitats in riparian or flooded ecosystems will experience anaerobic respiration. Indonesia has the potential to access quality palm oil that can be used for cultivation. This study aimed to determine which oil palm accessions could adapt physiologically to the duration of waterlogging. The accession of oil palm seedlings from Jambi tested were Merangin, Tebo, Muara Jambi, Tanjung Jabung, and Simalungun. The research design was to treat waterlogging in a greenhouse and then analyze the plant growth and physiology. Waterlogging was given for two, four, and six weeks. The results showed that the accession of oil palm seedlings and the duration of waterlogging affected photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance. Growth parameters, i.e., fresh weight, dry weight, and root/shoot ratio, were significantly different in accession and waterlogging duration. In conclusion, accessions from Tebo and Merangin can adapt to waterlogging.
Keywords: Merangin accession, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, Tebo accession
Knowledge, Practice and Attitude of Women Regarding Breastfeeding in Thi-Qar Governorate-Iraq
Authors: Naeam Fatima K. , Sachit Amer Abdullah , Mones Hayfaa M.
Published: December 2024

Breastfeeding (BF) is the natural way for infants’ nutrition, it provides the ideal nutrients they need for healthy development and growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate mothers' knowledge and practice of BF and its determinants and to determine the association between knowledge and certain characteristics. 200 moms who were patients at the Bint Al-Huda teaching hospital between November 1, 2021, and February 1, 2021, were chosen at random with their consent for this cross-sectional study, and their answers to a standardized questionnaire were analyzed. Of the 200 women, 26% were between the ages of 20 and 25, with a mean and SD of 29.24±7.829 and 24.5% having completed elementary school. Prior to our study, nearly (67%) mothers had received education on BF. A mother who practices breast cancer has a low risk of developing the disease (62.5%). Proper positioning is also important for achieving effective breast cancer (68.5%). Breastfeeding should begin within 30 minutes of delivery (62%), and once the baby begins taking complementary foods (54.5%), mothers can combine breastfeed and formula feeding. We found that most mothers had engaged in exclusive BF and knew only a moderate amount about its benefits. Better educational initiatives are required to raise public awareness of its long-term benefits for the nation's health status.
Factors Affecting Presentation Delay to the Hospital Among Breast Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Nehra Kajal , George  T Jisa , Bhardwaj Geeta , Pasricha Rajesh
Published: December 2024

Objective: Breast cancer constituted 13.5% of all reported new cancer in India, with a notable mortality rate due to late presentation.  The current research aims to address the extent of delay in presentation to the hospital and the factors that contribute to delayed presentation among breast cancer patients.
Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 138 primary breast cancer patients aged 18 to 60 years, with a time lag of more than 2 weeks between the initial recognition of symptoms and the first medical interaction. These patients were attending the oncology Outpatient Department (OPD) of tertiary care center in Central India, where female breast cancer patients receive treatment and follow-up care. The analysis employed binary logistic regression to assess the factors significantly affecting the delayed presentation to the hospital.
Results: Most of the participants were aged between 40 and 50 years and did not have a family history of breast cancer. The median delay in presentation to the hospital was 2 months. Women having breast lump as initial breast symptom tend to present late (> 3 months) to the hospital (p=0.037) and if the breast lump was smaller, they are more likely to delay seeking medical attention compared to those with larger breast lump (p=0.012).
Conclusion: The study indicates that many patients delayed seeking help due to small breast lumps. Improved screening services are needed for early detection. Future awareness campaigns should emphasize the link between breast lumps and cancer to reduce delays and improve patient quality of life.
THE INTERSUBBAND OPTICAL ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT OF THE QD WITH ACCEPTOR IMPURITY UNDER APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD
Authors: Leshko R. Ya. , Bandura H. Ya. , Bilynskyi I. V. , Melnyk Ya. Yu. , Kvyk M. V.
Published: December 2024

In this work, a spherical quantum dot (QD) under the influence of an external electric field is investigated. A multi-band model of the valence band is applied. The influence of off-center acceptor impurity, electric field and QD size dispersion on the absorption coefficient during intersubband transitions between hole states has been analyzed. The results show that an electric field combined with an off-center impurity induces the appearance of two distinct absorption bands corresponding to different magnetic quantum numbers. The intensity of absorption bands depends on the direction and strength of the electric field, and significant differences are observed between fields of opposite polarity. It is important to note that there is a critical field strength that restores the degeneracy of the energy levels, narrowing the broadband absorption tail for systems with small or large dispersion sizes. This research aims to improve the understanding and optimization of the optical properties of nanomaterials.
CHEMICAL SENSORS WITH MEMRISTIVE PROPERTIES: REVIEW
Authors: Kostiukevych O. M. , Skryshevsky V. A.
Published: December 2024

The article provides a brief review of literature data related to the principles of operation and parameters of currently created semiconductor heterostructures with memristive properties, in which the electrical resistance switching is caused by different physicochemical principles. The considered structures are promising from the point of view of their application in the role of discrete gas-sensitive and biosensor cells with improved operational characteristics, as well as elements of multisensory neuromorphic arrays of the “electronic nose”-like systems.