bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corporéité et créativité, entre traditions et innovations
Authors: Didier John
Published: October 2020

Les disciplines artisanales sont traditionnellement associées à la transmission de gestes techniques dans un contexte scolaire. Devenues les ambassadrices de la créativité dans le cadre de la scolarité obligatoire, ces disciplines techniques aux représentations manuelles nous amènent à repenser les gestes techniques et les savoirs à enseigner aux élèves. En introduisant des démarches de conception au sein de l’agir enseignant en activités créatrices et manuelles, nous réactivons la question de la corporéité, de ces savoirs et de ces techniques corporelles, en phase avec les pratiques sociales d’aujourd’hui. Aussi, développer la créativité en tant capacité à produire des idées innovantes et adaptées, renvoie à enseigner des tâches complexes telles que la résolution de problèmes (Bonnardel, 2006). De ce fait, l’élève apprend à anticiper, analyser et évaluer quels types de ressources devront être mobilisées dans l’action. À mi-chemin entre tradition et innovation, la corporéité nous rend attentifs à ces savoirs liés aux représentations et à l’évolution de ces techniques corporelles.
La professionnalisation des sages-femmes: analyse par la dynamique des représentations sociales et professionnelles
Authors: Fregonese Coralie , Ratinaud Pierre
Published: October 2020

Cette recherche porte sur la dynamique des représentations sociales et professionnelles intervenant dans le processus de professionnalisation des étudiants sages-femmes. Elle mobilise la théorie des représentations sociales et professionnelles et interroge un système représentationnel composé de deux objets: la profession de sage-femme et la profession de médecin. Une étude transversale par questionnaires auprès de 358 étudiants à différents moments de la formation (de l’année du concours à la quatrième année en école) a mis en évidence l’évolution de ces représentations lors de la formation.
Herausforderungen im Übergang Schule Beruf: Forschungsbefunde zur beruflichen Integration von Jugendlichen mit Benachteiligungen in der Schweiz
Authors: Pool Maag Silvia
Published: October 2020

Der Wechsel von der Schule in die Arbeitswelt erfordert, in einem erwerbs- und berufsbezogenen Kontext handlungsfähig zu werden. Der Übergang zeigt sich als multikomplexer Prozess, in dem verschiedene Systemvariablen zusammenwirken und unterschiedliche Akteurinnen und Akteure strukturierend Einfluss nehmen. So entstehen Herausforderungen, die sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen der Arbeitswelt, dem Bildungssystem und den Partizipationsmöglichkeiten der Jugendlichen zeigen. Die berufliche Integration kann gefördert werden, wenn der Berufsfindungsprozess durch ein gezieltes Matching unterstützt wird, wenn die Ausbildungsbereitschaft und -fähigkeit der Lehrbetriebe sowie integrative Schulmodelle gefördert und Massnahmen der Supported Education bedarfsorientiert eingesetzt werden.
L’éducation à l’épreuve des flux migratoires dans les destinations de langue française. La situation des enfants sans-papiers en France et au Québec
Authors: Ruşitoru Mihaela-Viorica
Published: October 2020

La migration remet en question le droit à l’éducation et les approches des pays sont différentes. Cet article analyse la situation du droit à l’éducation pour les destinations francophones les plus recherchées, à savoir la France et le Québec. Accès gratuit à l’enseignement et égalité des chances, intérêt supérieur de l’enfant et respect des engagements internationaux façonnent le paysage du droit à l’éducation. L’article note que la législation française respecte entièrement le droit à l’éducation, alors que pour le Québec, le cadre législatif et le statut ambigu de résident constituent les principaux obstacles aux droits des enfants migrants. L’article peut également enrichir les réflexions des chercheurs des pays ayant un niveau élevé de migration tels que le Royaume-Uni ou la Suisse.
Maulini, Olivier, Desjardins, Julie, Étienne, Richard, Paquay, Léopold (Éd.). (2015). À qui profite la formation continue des enseignants?
Authors: Périsset Danièle
Published: October 2020

Recension
Anke Hanft, Katrin Brinkmann, Stefanie Kretschmer, Annika Maschwitz, Joachim Stöter (2016): Organisation und Management von Weiterbildung und Lebenslangem Lernen an Hochschulen.
Authors: Zimmermann Tobias
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Une médiation associative à l’école pour accrocher à leur scolarité des élèves et leurs parents en situation de vulnérabilité
Authors: Mackiewicz Marie-Pierre
Published: October 2020

Une recherche qualitative sur les pratiques d’une association en région parisienne a mis en évidence la valeur d’une intervention médiatrice en faveur d’un accrochage scolaire. Mettant au cœur des échanges la coopération entre les parents et les professionnels, l’intervention présentée avait pour visée d’accrocher à leur scolarité des élèves d’école primaire et leurs parents en situation de vulnérabilité. Notre approche, compréhensive, analyse les processus en jeu dans cette relation coéducative. Valorisant la dimension relationnelle, l’association s’est appuyée sur une dynamique collective. La réciprocité dans la coopération pourrait engager un processus d’affiliation de ces parents.
Gestaltungsmuster des Mathematikunterrichts in Jahrgangs- und Mehrjahrgangsklassen – Zwei Kantone im Vergleich
Authors: Brunner Esther , Imhof Andreas
Published: October 2020

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde in den Kantonen Thurgau und Graubünden geprüft, inwiefern sich der selbstberichtete Einsatz bestimmter Unterrichts- und Sozialformen im Mathematikunterricht in Jahrgangs- und Mehrjahrgangsklassen der Primarschule unterscheidet. Die Befragung wurde bei erfahrenen Lehrpersonen und bei solchen, die am Beginn ihrer professionellen Laufbahn stehen, durchgeführt. Der Datensatz lässt Vergleiche zwischen den Kantonen, zwischen Experten und Novizen sowie zwischen Jahrgangs- und Mehrjahrgangsklassen zu. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich bezüglich selbstberichteter Gestaltung von Mathematikunterricht weit mehr Gemeinsamkeiten als Unterschiede zeigen. Zudem konnten sechs Faktoren extrahiert werden, die als unterschiedliche Gestaltungsprofile interpretiert werden können.
Längsschnittuntersuchung der Persönlichkeit-Beruf-Kongruenz über die Berufslaufbahn
Authors: Schellenberg Claudia , Krauss Annette , Hättich Achim
Published: October 2020

Erstaunlich wenig Forschung wurde bisher zu Persönlichkeit-Beruf-Kongruenz über die Laufbahn betrieben. Ziel der Studie war, die Kongruenz nach Holland bei einer für die Deutschschweizer Bevölkerung repräsentativen Stichprobe (N=805) über die Laufbahn zu untersuchen. Kongruenz wurde nach rohwertbasierten Profil-Korrelationen und klassischen Dreibuchstabenvergleichen (Zener-Schnuelle-Index) berechnet, die Persönlichkeit durch Persönlichkeitseigenschaften und Interessen operationalisiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass zwischen Persönlichkeit und Beruf signifikante Korrelationen über 36 Jahre bestehen. Die Kongruenz steht mit Zufriedenheit in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen in einem Zusammenhang.
Un modèle de cofinancement de la formation continue orienté vers l’usager: le cas espagnol
Authors: Voirol-Rubido Isabelq
Published: October 2020

Cet article s’intéresse aux effets d’un dispositif de financement de la formation continue orienté vers le demandeur de formation. Il analyse la qualité du dispositif espagnol en termes d’efficacité, d’équité d’accès et d’incitation des actifs occupés espagnols à s’engager en formation. En s’appuyant sur une analyse de données secondaires combinant une méthodologie de natures quantitative et qualitative, il met en évidence son potentiel à améliorer l’accès à la FC des salariés espagnols entre 2004 et 2011. Il relève cependant la difficulté du dispositif à contrecarrer l’effet d’instrumentalisation de la formation par les employeurs et à déjouer l’impact du coût d’opportunité sur la décision d’investir en formation pénalisant ainsi l’investissement en formation continue.
Pädagogische Kulturtransfers Italien-Tessin (1894-1936)
Authors: Sahlfeld Wolfgang
Published: October 2020

Die Tessiner Schule ist im Zeitraum 1880-1940 Gegenstand einer Reihe von pädagogischen Kulturtransfers aus Italien. In einer ersten Phase, bis gegen 1910, wird freilich italienischer Kultureinfluss bewusst negiert, auch unter Zuhilfenahme des ideologischen Konstruktes des «Metodo intuitivo», den man unter Bezug auf Pestalozzi und Girard definiert. Nach 1910 nimmt der Einfluss der italienischen Reformpädagogik (Montessori, aber auch der frühe Lombardo-Radice) im Rahmen eines allgemein steigenden Interesses für Italien (Verteidigung der italienischsprachigen Kultur im Tessin) stark zu. Der Faschismus stürzt indes die Tessiner Reformpädagogen in der zweiten Hälfte der zwanziger Jahre in ein tiefes Dilemma: Reformpädagogik wird nur akzeptiert, wenn sie mit dezidierter Abgrenzung vom faschistischen Italien einhergeht. Die immer schwieriger werdende Gratwanderung zwischen geistiger Landesverteidigung und reformpädagogischem Eifer führt so zu einer schrittweisen Abkoppelung von Italien und seiner Pädagogik, auch wenn die bedeutendsten Tessiner Intellektuellen jener Jahre alles tun, um die Kontakte nicht ganz abreissen zu lassen. Mit dem Ausbruch des Zweiten Weltkrieges kommt der reformpädagogische Einfluss aus Italien zum Erliegen.
Das Programm zur Nationalen Erziehung (1914-1924) oder: wie ein forcierter Kulturtransfer politisch scheitert
Authors: Giudici Anja , Manz Karin
Published: October 2020

Wir analysieren in diesem Beitrag die Nationale Erziehung als (gescheiterten) Fall eines innerstaatlichen, forcierten Kulturtransfers. Das während des 1. Weltkrieges von der freisinnigen Elite entwickelte Programm sollte durch vermehrten Unterricht in Schweizergeschichte, Politischer Bildung und in den Schweizer Landessprachen die drohende Spaltung der Schweiz verhindern. Das Programm scheiterte jedoch aufgrund der Opposition von katholisch-konservativer, sozialistischer und bildungsföderalistischer Seite. Wir fassen diesen Fall als forcierten Kulturtransfer auf und legen dar, wie dieses Konzept die traditionelle, auf transnationale und abnehmergesteuerte Prozesse fokussierte Transferforschung im Hinblick auf den Einfluss institutioneller Faktoren sowie intendierter Prozesse um neue Perspektiven erweitern kann.
Effet de l’émotion sur l’orthographe d’élèves d’école primaire
Authors: Largy Pierre , Simoës-Perlant Aurélie , Soulier Lucille
Published: October 2020

Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier les effets de la valence émotionnelle d’une image sur les performances orthographiques d’élèves de CE1, CE2, CM1 et CM2 au travers d’une tâche de production écrite. En référence au modèle d’allocation de ressources cognitives (Ellis & Moore, 1999), les émotions monopoliseraient, par l’émergence de pensées intrusives, une partie des ressources attentionnelles aux dépens de la tâche en cours. En créant une charge cognitive supplémentaire, le contenu émotionnel de l’image devrait avoir un effet négatif sur les processus rédactionnels coûteux en ressources attentionnelles, et impacter la longueur de texte et l’orthographe. Les résultats révèlent un effet contrasté de la charge émotionnelle de l’image sur les performances orthographiques lexicales et grammaticales des enfants.
Warum Lehrer/in werden? Idealismus, Sicherheit oder «da wusste ich nichts Besseres»?
Authors: Keller-Schneider Manuela , Weiss Sabine , Kiel Ewald
Published: October 2020

Die vorliegende Studie hat zum Ziel, Lehramtsstudierende zweier Länder (Deutschland, Bayern und der Schweiz, Kanton Zürich) sowie zweier Schulstufen (Primar- und Sekundarstufe I) auf ihre Berufswahlmotive hin zu vergleichen. Mit Hilfe von Faktorenanalysen wurde eine Faktorenstruktur entwickelt, die für varianz-analytische Vergleiche zwischen den untersuchten Gruppen sowie zwischen den clusteranalytisch gebildeten Typen genutzt wird. Intrinsische Motive, insbesondere die Arbeit mit Kindern und Jugendlichen, werden von den Lehramtsstudierenden als wichtiger angesehen als extrinsische Motive. In den Ausprägungen zeigen sich jedoch Unterschiede zwischen den untersuchten Gruppen. In den über die Berufswahlmotive clusteranalytisch identifizierten Typen schlagen sich länder- und schulstufenspezifische Faktoren nieder. Insbesondere in den extrinsischen und fehlenden Motiven zeigen sich Ländereffekte. Die Ergebnisse der Studie verweisen auf die Wichtigkeit, Erkenntnisse bezüglich der Motive von Lehramtsstudierenden nicht nur auf der individuellen Ebene, sondern auch in Hinblick auf spezifische Kontextbedingungen zu interpretieren.
Accueillir, éduquer, scolariser les jeunes enfants: des finalités sous tensions. Éléments d’analyse à partir de l’école maternelle en France
Authors: Garnier Pascale
Published: October 2020

Dans le contexte français de ces trente dernières années, nous montrons que la priorité donnée à une logique scolaire de justification du bien-fondé de l’école maternelle va de pair avec une double série de transformations institutionnelles des rapports que l’école maternelle entretient avec la scolarité obligatoire et son programme. L’analyse de tous ces changements permet de comprendre comment l’école maternelle, lieu d’accueil et de protection, d’éducation et de préparation à l’école pour les jeunes enfants, est institutionnellement devenue une «école de plein exercice». Face à cette évolution, le récent programme de 2015 s’efforce de construire un nouveau compris entre ces trois finalités: il souligne à nouveau l’importance de l’accueil de l’enfant et de ses parents, de son développement, en même temps qu’il reste centré sur cinq domaines d’apprentissages scolaires dont l’évaluation est précisée en termes de compétences.
Quand l’élève gère son temps: le rapport au temps dans le travail autonome à l’école primaire
Authors: Durler Héloïse
Published: October 2020

Cette contribution aborde les contradictions temporelles qui s’imposent aux élèves et aux enseignants de l’école primaire dans les dispositifs de travail autonome. Elle examine les formes de rapport au temps sous-tendues par ces modalités de travail. Basée sur une enquête ethnographique menée dans un établissement scolaire primaire genevois, elle met en évidence que les élèves ont à établir un rapport gestionnaire au temps, source à la fois d’émancipation et de contrôle. Elle considère comment les catégories temporelles sont utilisées pour naturaliser les difficultés comportementales et cognitives des élèves, alors même qu’on peut les interpréter comme le produit de socialisations temporelles familiales inégalement légitimes et rentables à l’école.
Novak, Pavel (2018). Berufliche Mobilität von Lehrpersonen. Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Berufswechsel von Primarlehrpersonen zu Berufsfachschullehrpersonen für Allgemeinbildung an Schweizer Berufsfachschulen.
Authors: Freisler-Mühlemann Daniela
Published: October 2020

Rezension
La triangulation dans l’évaluation des stages en enseignement: une comparaison des pratiques au primaire et au secondaire
Authors: André Bernard , Zinguinian Méliné , Golay Pascal
Published: October 2020

Cet article présente les pratiques de triangulation dans l’évaluation des stages par des formateurs et formatrices en établissement scolaire des degrés primaire et secondaire dans un canton suisse. L’analyse statistique des 311 questionnaires récoltés montre que même si l’expérience est la première référence de ces formateurs et formatrices, ils et elles procèdent à des triangulations avec des textes officiels comme le plan d’études qui régit l’enseignement de leur-s discipline-s et le référentiel de compétences des stagiaires ainsi que, dans une moindre mesure, avec le contenu d’ouvrages théoriques. Les formateurs et formatrices des degrés primaire et secondaire se distinguent dans ces pratiques de triangulation, notamment sur la place accordée à l’intersubjectivité.
Schereneffekte auf der Sekundarstufe I? Zum Einfluss des Schultyps auf den Leistungszuwachs in Deutsch und Mathematik
Authors: Angelone Domenico
Published: October 2020

Die vorliegende Längsschnittstudie (N = 950) untersucht mithilfe von Propensity Score Matching, ob vergleichbare Schülerinnen und Schüler im Verlauf der Sekundarstufe I in Abhängigkeit des besuchten Schultyps unterschiedliche Leistungszuwächse in Deutsch und Mathematik erzielen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich die Leistungsdisparitäten im Verlauf der Sekundarstufe I als Folge schultypspezifischer Leistungszuwächse vergrössern. Neben den bekannten Herkunftseffekten auf die Leistungsentwicklung im frühen Schulverlauf kommen demnach auf der Sekundarstufe I zusätzliche Effekte der Schulstruktur hinzu.
Zur Schweizer Stichprobe PISA 2015. Eine externe Validierung zentraler Stichprobenmerkmale
Authors: Verner Martin , Erzinger Andrea B. , Fässler Ursina
Published: October 2020

Internationale Schulleistungsstudien stellen nicht individuelle Leistungsbeurteilungen, sondern Aussagen über Populationen in den Vordergrund. Aus praktischen Gründen bietet sich dabei die Ziehung von Stichproben an. Valide Aussagen über Populationen auf Basis von Stichproben setzen methodisch korrekte Ziehungs- und Gewichtungsverfahren voraus. Dieser Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel von PISA 2015 Qualitätsmerkmale wissenschaftlicher Zufallsstichproben auf. Dabei wird das in der Schweiz angewendete Stichprobenziehungsverfahren beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wird überprüft, inwieweit die Schweizer Stichprobe PISA 2015 die Zielpopulation in Bezug auf Schulprogramme, Migrationshintergrund und Anderssprachigkeit adäquat abbildet. Die Analysen stützen die Gültigkeit der Schweizer Stichprobe PISA 2015.
Wettstein, Alexander & Scherzinger, Marion (2019). Unterrichtsstörungen verstehen und wirksam vorbeugen
Authors: Vasarik Staub Katriina , Eckstein Boris
Published: October 2020

Rezension
Thiévenaz, J. (2019). Enquêter et apprendre au travail. Approcher l’expérience avec John Dewey.
Authors: Périsset Danièle
Published: October 2020

-
Comparison of phytoplankton community structure in two tropical estuaries of East Coast of India
Authors: Chowdhury Chumki
Published: October 2020

Phytoplankton community of two tropical river estuaries of the North-east coast of India was different due to dissolved nutrients concentration in those estuarine waters. The first study site was the Saptamukhi river estuary which is located in the Indian Sundarban (inside mangrove forest) and the second study site was Mahanadi estuary located in Orissa coast (adjacent to industrial and coastal fishing zone). The Saptamukhi estuary was mostly devoid of any anthropogenic influence and here the nutrient source was auto-generated. In Mahanadi estuarine water, the source of the major nutrients was industrial effluent and fishing waste. The Saptamukhi estuarine water had less dissolved phosphorus concentration but huge dissolved nitrogen available for phytoplankton uptake. A sufficient amount of dissolved silicate encouraged the diatom growth over other phytoplankton groups here. Due to the availability of the high amount of dissolved phosphorus and the low amount of dissolved nitrogen in the Mahanadi estuary the phytoplankton community was a mixed population of Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Dinophyceae and seasonal Chlorophycean bloom observed during the study period. In both the estuarine water primary productivity was high but the community respiration was higher and the estuaries were heterotrophic. Monsoonal runoff from land considerably changed the community in both estuarine water. Dissolved silicate concentration in both the estuarine water was sufficient for Diatom growth. Dissolve inorganic nitrogen and dissolved inorganic phosphate ratio played a major role for the community change of phytoplankton in two estuarine waters.
SISTEMA DE CONFINAMENTO COMPOST BARN: INTERAÇÕES ENTRE ÍNDICES DE CONFORTO, CARACTERÍSTICAS FISIOLÓGICAS, ESCORE DE HIGIENE E CLAUDICAÇÃO
Authors: Mota Vania Corrêa , Andrade Ednilton Tavares de , Leite Daniel Furtado
Published: October 2020

O objetivo desse artigo é avaliar o conforto térmico de bovinos leiteiros confinados em instalações Compost Barn com base em índices de conforto térmico, parâmetros fisiológicos, escore de higiene e claudicação, por meio de análises estatísticas. A pesquisa foi realizada, em uma propriedade comercial do município de Três Corações no estado de Minas Gerais no período de verão e inverno de 2016. As variáveis microclimáticas e os escores de limpeza e de locomoção foram analisadas por meio dos procedimentos da análise de estatística descritiva. Os parâmetros fisiológicos foram submetidos a um delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em parcela subdividida no tempo, por meio da análise de variância e teste de Scott-Knott. Aplicou-se a análise de correlação de Pearson. Não foi verificado estresse térmico nos animais na estação de verão e inverno. Os parâmetros fisiológicos se encontraram dentro dos limites de conforto animal. Existe um relacionamento maior entre a frequencia respiratória, temperatura superficial e temperatura retal e os índices de conforto animal no verão, quando comparada com o inverno. Para a análise dos escores, as vacas apresentaram uma melhoria na limpeza e um número muito baixo de vacas com problemas de cascos.
Crimen atrocissimum: enjuiciamiento y castigo de delitos atroces y su representación en Los cuentos de Canterbury
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia (España), Martínez López Miguel
Published: October 2020

Este trabajo analiza algunos de los principales textos jurídicos que regulan el enjuiciamiento y castigo de los crímenes más graves en el derecho medieval inglés y su plasmación en la obra literaria de Geoffrey Chaucer. Se estudian también algunos rasgos fundamentales del marco jurídico de estos crímenes entre los siglos xii y xiv; se ejemplifican las especialidades procesales de estos delitos mediante el análisis del juicio y ejecución de Hugh Le Despenser (1286-1326); y se explora el tema de la violación desde la perspectiva que ofrecen la vida y obra de Geoffrey Chaucer, con especial atención a Los cuentos de Canterbury. Este autor presenta en su obra un nuevo contexto en el que se avanza notablemente en la clarificación conceptual, terminológica y tipológica de la violación como crimen horrendo, merecedor de la pena de muerte.
DESKRIPSI KESALAHAN SISWA MEMECAHKAN SOAL BERBENTUK CERITA PADA MATERI SEGIEMPAT
Authors: Susanti Meli , Zanthy Luvy Sylviana , Fitriani Nelly
Published: October 2020

Soal cerita pada materi segiempat merupakan soal yang sering ditemui oleh siswa, namun kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal materi segiempat masih banyak melakukan kesalahan dan kekeliruan.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesalahan jawaban siswa masih sangat tinggi. Kesalahan terjadi pada pemahaman siswa dalam memahami permasalahan yang terdapat pada soal, sehingga siswa mengalami kekeliruan dalam menjawab soal dengan tidak menuliskan informasi yang terdapat pada soal, keliru menggunakan rumus, keliru pada saat mengoperasikan bilangan dan tidak melengkapi dengan kesimpulan jawaban. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kesalahan siswa dalam menjawab soal cerita materi segiempat. Evaluasi kegiatan belajar dengan cara melihat hasil jawaban siswa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII di SMP IT Budi Luhur Kota Cimahi sebanyak 17 siswa dengan kemampuan bervariasi. Teknik pengambilan data dengan soal uraian sebanyak empat buah dan wawancara langsung dengan siswa.
ETNOMATEMATIKA PADA LOPO SUKU BOTI DAN INTEGRASINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Dosinaeng Wilfridus Beda Nuba , Lakapu Meryani , Jagom Yohanes Ovaritus , Uskono Irmina Veronika
Published: October 2020

Lopo Boti adalah sebuah bangunan tradisional milik Suku Boti, salah satu suku tertua di Pulau Timor, NTT. Bangunan ini mengandung nilai-nilai filosofis yang tinggi dan berperan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Suku Boti. Penelitian ini adalah suatu penelitian kualitatif berdesain etnografi yang bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi unsur-unsur matematis yang terkandung dalam Lopo Boti. Desain penelitiannya menggunakan desain etnomatematika oleh Alangui yang didasarkan pada empat pertanyaan dasar yaitu: where is it to look? how is it to look? what is it? what does it mean? Subjek penelitiannya yaitu masyarakat Suku Boti, khususnya Suku Boti Dalam, salah satu bagian dari Suku Boti yang masih memegang teguh tradisi Boti dalam hidup kesehariannya. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung di Desa Boti dan wawancara bersama subjek penelitian. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa unsur-unsur geometri meliputi unsur-unsur primitif, konsep jarak dalam ruang, kesebangunan, dan luas permukaan, serta unsur-unsur barisan dan deret aritmetika terkandung dalam Lopo Boti. Berdasarkan unsur-unsur tersebut maka beberapa kemampuan matematis yang dapat dikembangkan dalam pembelajaran matematika bermediakan Lopo Boti yaitu kemampuan merepresentasi, kemampuan visual-spasial, kemampuan berpikir kritis, kemampuan menginvestigasi, dan kemampuan memecahkan masalah.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS DITINJAU DARI RESILIENSI MATEMATIS SISWA SMP
Authors: Rahmatiya Rizqa , Miatun Asih
Published: October 2020

Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah matematis merupakan kemampuan yang penting dimiliki oleh siswa, karena kemapuan pemecahan masalah menjadi dasar bahkan marupakan tujuan umum dalam pembelajaran matematika. Sementara itu Resiliensi matematis dapat menunjang kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis ditinjau dari resiliensi matematis pada siswa SMP. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas VII-B SMP Negeri 160 Jakarta. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 2 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, kuesioner resiliensi matematis dan pedoman wawancara. Validasi data menggunakan triangulasi waktu. Analisis data menggunakan metode perbandingan tetap (constant comparative method) dengan langkah (1) reduksi data dan kategorisasi; (2) penyajian data; (3) penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil analisis penelitian yaitu siswa yang memiliki resiliensi matematis yang tinggi memiliki kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis yang baik karena mampu mencapai langkah-langkah yang sistematis dan adanya rasa percaya diri dalam memecahkan masalah. Sedangkan Siswa yang memiliki resiliensi sedang masih kurang dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematisnya, karena belum mampu mencapai langkah-lagkah yang sistematis dalam kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis, kurang teliti dan cendrung menyerah bila dihadapkan soal yang sulit.
PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA SISWA BERBASIS INKURI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HOTS SISWA SMA PADA MATERI TRIGONOMETRI
Authors: Kadarisma Gida , Sari Indah Puspita , Senjayawati Eka
Published: October 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya HOTS siswa pada materi trigonometri pada siswa SMA di salah satu sekolah swasta di Cimahi, siswa merasa kesulitan dalam memahami materi trigonometri dikarenakan bahan ajar yang digunakan belum memfasilitasi proses berpikir tingkat tinggi siswa, sehingga diperlukan pengembangan bahan ajar yang berbasis inkuiri agar HOTS siswa semakin meningkat. Tujuan dari peneitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan LKS berbasis Inkuiri pada materi trigonometri. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode pengembangan dengan desain 4D yaitu pendefinisian (define), perancangan (design), pengembangan (develope), dan penyebaran (desiminate), namun karena keterbatasan waktu penelitian ini tidak sampai pada tahap penyebaran. Subjek dari penelitian ini yaitu siswa kelas  X di salah satu SMA swasta di Kota Cimahi  sebanyak 32 siswa.  Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrumen tes HOTS untuk mengukur efektivitas bahan ajar serta lembar validasi untuk mengukur validitas bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar berupa LKS yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dengan rata-rata nilai validitas dari validator ahli sebesar 3,4 serta efektivitas dari peningkatan kemampuan HOTS sebesar 35,3%. Adapun implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu guru dapat menggunakan LKS berbasis inkuiri ini sebagai bahan ajar pada materi trigonometri agar kemampua HOTS siswa meningkat.
PROFIL KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS SISWA DITINJAU DARI GAYA BELAJAR V-A-K PADA MATERI BANGUN RUANG SISI DATAR
Authors: Marwiyah Siti , Pujiastuti Heni , Sukirwan Sukirwan
Published: October 2020

Kemampuan siswa dalam menyerap, mengatur, dan mengolah informasi pada pembelajaran tidaklah sama. Hal ini terjadi karena perbedaan karakteristik gaya belajar yang beragam. Adanya perbedaan gaya belajar mempengaruhi proses pembelajaran yang diterapkan. Oleh karena itu, siswa harus mengetahui terlebih dahulu gaya belajar yang sesuai bagi dirinya sendiri. Untuk memaksimalkannya, siswa perlu dikenali mengenai kategori dan karakteristik gaya belajar visual, auditori, ataupun kinestetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa pada materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar ditinjau dari gaya belajar visual, auditori, dan kinestetik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan subjek penelitiannya adalah enam siswa kelas VIII-B di SMP Negeri 3 Cilegon. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditori, dan kinestetik memiliki kemampuan penalaran matematis yang berbeda pada setiap indikator kemampuan penalaran matematis. Namun, siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditori, dan kinestetik memiliki kemampuan penalaran matematis yang baik dalam menarik kesimpulan dari pernyataan. Sebaliknya, siswa dengan gaya belajar visual, auditori, dan kinestetik memiliki kelemahan dalam menyusun bukti.
Electrochemical Treatment of Disperse Blue1 Dyes in Simulated Textile Effluent: Parameter Optimization Method
Authors: Ezeigbo Ephraim chidi , Festus Kelechi Williams , Fesomade Kayode , Ordu Eze
Published: October 2020

Electrochemical oxidation for Disperse blue 1 dye wastewater simulated in the laboratory, was investigated in this study using Graphite materials as the electrodes. The experiment was carried out in a batch process in a laboratory-scale that was analyzed at every 30 min regular intervals, for a total period of 180 min. the results were reported in terms of colour removal for different parameters of initial concentrations (50mg/L, 95mg/L, and 145mg/L), electrode geometry (plain and cylindrical), pH (4, 7, 9), current intensity (1A, 3A), and temperature (280C, 500C). For the different initial concentrations, Color was reduced by 85.4%, 67.4% and 67.8% respectively. More also the plain graphite electrodes showed a comparatively higher efficiency of colour removal than the cylindrical graphite electrodes. Furthermore, we observed a decrease in colour removal when the pH of the effluent was increased from 4 to 9 showing an efficiency of 58.7%, 54.6% respectively. Current intensity and temperature showed similar variations. UV-Vis study confirmed that the proposed electrochemical degradation process could be an effective method for the degradation of textile dye effluent.
Identification of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of FGF23 Signaling via In Silico Hot Spot Prediction and Molecular Docking to α-Klotho
Authors: Liu Shih-Hsien , Xiao Zhousheng , Mishra Sambit K. , C. Mitchell Julie , Smith Jeremy C. , Quarles L. Darryl , Petridis Loukas
Published: October 2020

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a therapeutic target for treating hereditary and acquired hypophosphatemic disorders, such as X-linked hypophosphatemic (XLH) rickets and tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), respectively. FGF23-induced hypophosphatemia is mediated by signaling through a ternary complex formed by FGF23, FGF receptor (FGFR), and α-Klotho. Currently, disorders of excess FGF23 are treated with an FGF23-blocking antibody, Burosumab. Small-molecule drugs that disrupt protein:protein interactions necessary for the ternary complex formation offer an alternative to disrupt FGF23 signaling. In this study, the FGF23:α-Klotho interface was targeted to identify small-molecule protein:protein interaction inhibitors. We computationally identified “hot spots” in the FGF23:α-Klotho interface of the ternary complex and performed in silico docking of ~5.5 million compounds from the ZINC database to the interface region of α-Klotho from the ternary crystal structure. Following docking, 23 and 18 compounds were chosen based on the lowest binding free energies to α-Klotho and the largest number of contacts with Tyr433, a predicted hot spot, respectively. 5 compounds available were assessed experimentally by their FGF23-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activities in vitro, and two of these reduce activities significantly. Both these compounds have a favorable predicted binding affinity, but not a large number of contacts with the hot spot residues. ZINC12409120 was found experimentally to reduce FGF23-mediated ERK activities by 70% and have a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.0 ± 0.23 uM. ZINC12409120 exhibits contacts with residues on KL1 and KL2 domains and on the linker between the two domains of α-Klotho in in silico binding poses, thereby possibly disrupting the regular function of α-Klotho and impeding FGF23 binding. ZINC12409120 is a candidate for lead optimization.
Spontaneous Emergence of Membrane-Forming Protoamphiphiles from a Lipid-Amino Acid Mixture Under Wet-Dry Cycles
Authors: Joshi Manesh , Sawant Anupam , Rajamani Sudha
Published: October 2020

The prelude to the origin of cellular life on Earth would have involved a fundamental step, that of protocell formation. This involves the coming together of two crucial processes; abiotic synthesis of informational and catalytic polymers, and the assembly of membrane compartments. Mutual interactions between these processes would have likely affected the emergence and early stages of protocell evolution. Previous investigations have predominantly focused on cooperative interactions, often neglecting any competitive behavior that might ensue as ‘counterproductive cross-talk’. However, in a realistic scenario, both cooperative and competitive reactions would have occurred simultaneously in a complex prebiotic soup, generating a plethora of chemical species with their own prebiotic implications. In this study, we followed a systematic and unbiased approach to explore this interdependence. We used a lipid-amino acid system to demonstrate the above-mentioned phenomenon wherein we investigated the effect of a membrane-forming amphiphile on peptide synthesis, under prebiotically plausible conditions.

Interestingly, our study shows the formation of a hitherto unobserved reaction product that could have played a significant role during the emergence of life on the early Earth. We do show that peptide synthesis occurs but with a decrease in the yield. This is due to another concurrent and competing reaction, wherein an amino acid covalently interacts with a phospholipid to generate new amphiphilic species called N-acyl amino acids (NAAs) via an ester-amide exchange process. These NAAs are thermostable and, hence, persistent even at high temperatures. Furthermore, this protoamphiphile is also able to self-assemble into vesicles at acidic pH. Au contraire, fatty acids, a widely accepted constituent of prebiotic compartments, have been shown to generate vesicles only at neutral to alkaline pH. Thus, NAAs could have had a selective advantage over fatty acids to form thermostable protocell compartments under acidic geothermal pool-like conditions, a niche that has gained prominence as one of the important geological settings where life could have originated. Our study underlines the importance of an unbiased exploration of the complex interactions between prebiotic processes, which could potentially open new avenues to solving the origin of life conundrum.
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Viral Particles using Direct, Reagent-Free Electrochemical Sensing
Authors: Yousefi Hanie , mahmud alam , Chang Dingran , Das Jagotamoy , Gomis Surath , Chen Jenise B. , Wang Hansen , Been Terek , Yip Lily , Coomes Eric , Li Zhijie , Mubareka Samira , McGeer Allison , Christie Natasha , Gray-Owen Scott , Cochrane Alan , Rini James M. , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: October 2020

This manuscript describes a new method that enables direct analysis of viral particles in unprocessed samples.Using an electrochemical readout method that requires no external reagents, we detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the saliva of infected patients.The approach relies on a molecular sensor tethered to the surface of a gold electrode that contains an antibody, specific to the targetof interest, which here is the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein that is displayed on the viral capsule. The antibody is attached to the electrode using a negatively charged linker that is composed of DNA. When a positive potential is applied to the electrode, the sensor complex is attracted to the electrode surface. The kinetics of transport is measured using chronoamperometry and readout is possible based on the absense or precense of virus and its effect on the complex movevment on electrode surface.
A Mega-High-Throughput Screening Platform for the Discovery of Biologically Relevant Sequence-Defined Non-Natural Polymers
Authors: Avital-Shmilovici Michal , Liu Xiaohe , Shaler Thomas , Lowenthal Andrew , Bourbon Pauline , Snider Janey , Tambo-ong Arlyn , Repellin Claire , Yniguez Kenya , Sambucetti Lidia , Madrid Peter , Collins Nathan
Published: October 2020

Combinatorial methods enable the synthesis of chemical libraries on scales of millions to billions of compounds, but the ability to efficiently screen and sequence such large libraries has remained a major bottleneck for molecular discovery. We developed a novel technology for screening and sequencing libraries of synthetic molecules of up to a billion compounds in size. This method utilizes Fiber-optic Array Scanning Technology (FAST) to screen bead-based libraries of synthetic compounds at a rate of 5 million compounds per minute (~83,000 Hz). This ultra-high-throughput screening platform has been used to screen libraries of synthetic “self-readable” non-natural polymers that can be sequenced at femtomole scale by chemical fragmentation and highresolution mass spectrometry. The versatility and throughput of the platform was demonstrated by screening two libraries of non-natural polyamide polymers with sizes of 1.77M and 1B compounds against the protein targets K-Ras, asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR), IL-6, IL-6 receptor and TNFα. Hits with nanomolar binding affinities were found against all targets, including competitive inhibitors of K-Ras binding to Raf and functionally active uptake ligands for ASGPR facilitating intracellular delivery.
Excited-State Geometry Optimization of Small Molecules with Many-Body Green's Functions Theory
Authors: Çaylak Onur , Baumeier Björn
Published: October 2020

We present a benchmark study of gas phase geometry optimizations in the excited states of carbon monoxide, acetone, acrolein, and methylenecyclopropene using many-body Green's functions theory within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE). We scrutinize the influence of several typical approximations in the GW-BSE framework: using of one-shot G0W0 or eigenvalue self-consistent evGW, employing a fully-analytic approach or plasmon-pole model for the frequency dependence of the electron self-energy, or performing the BSE step within the Tamm--Dancoff approximation. The obtained geometries are compared to reference results from multireference perturbation theory (CASPT2), variational Monte Carlo (VMC), second-order approximate coupled cluster (CC2), and time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT). We find overall a good agreement of the structural parameters optimized with the GW-BSE calculations with CASPT2, with an average relative error of around 1% for the G0W0 and 1.5% for the evGW variants, respectively, while the other approximations have negligible influence. The relative errors are also smaller than those for CC2 and TDDFT with different functionals and only larger than VMC, indicating that the GW-BSE method does not only yield reliable excitation energies but also geometries.
A Broad-Spectrum, Catalytic Amidation of Sulfonyl Fluorides and Fluorosulfates
Authors: Wei Mingjie , Liang Dacheng , Cao Xiaohui , Wenjun Luo , Ma Guojian , Liu Zeyuan , Li Le
Published: October 2020

A broad-spectrum, catalytic amidation has been developed to prepare various sulfonamides and sulfamates including sterically hindered ones. In addition, the potentials of this methodology in medicinal and process chemistry have been demonstrated by the multidecagram-scale synthesis of an amantadine derivative and the synthesis of the marketed drug Fedratinib for myelofibrosis.
Topological Excitation of Singly Hydrated Hydroxide Complex in Confined Sub-Nanospace for Bright Color Emission and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Hu Xiao-Dan , Yang Taiqun , Shan Bingqian , Peng Bo , Zhang Kun
Published: October 2020

This excellent story answered two unresolved questions in the past one century and two centuries. The first one is that water is colored or noncolored (Water as an Activator of Luminescence. Nature 1930, 125, 706-707)? If it is colorful, why and how does it emit the bright colors? The second question is on the physical origin of catalysis or catalyst, i.e., the mysterious internal force of catalysis is what, and how this powerful force determines the chemical reactivity, including activity, selectivity and life times (or stability of catalyst)? (A Brief History of Catalysis. CATTECH 2003, 7 (4), 130-138.) After reading this interesting story, both seemingly non-related two questions could be perfectly answered by topological excitation of singly hydrated hydroxide complex in confined sub-nanospace.
New n-type Zintl Phases for Thermoelectrics: Discovery, Structural Characterization and Band Engineering of the Compounds A2CdP2 (A = Sr, Ba, Eu)
Authors: Balvanz Adam , Qu Jiaxing , Baranets Sviatoslav , Ertekin Elif , Gorai Prashun , Bobev Svilen
Published: October 2020

Zintl phases, owing to their complex crystal structures and intricate chemical bonding, have recently been recognized as promising candidates for thermoelectric (TE) applications. Band engineering, including band convergence has been shown to be an effective way to enhance the thermoelectric performance of such materials. In this work, a series of emerging TE materials, the isostructural Zintl phases with the general formula A2CdP2 (A = Sr, Ba, Eu) are presented for the first time. Their structures, established from single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods, show them to crystallize with the orthorhombic Yb2CdSb2 structure type, with first-principles calculations on phase stability confirming that Ba2CdP2 and Sr2CdP2 are thermodynamically stable. Computationally, it was found that both Ba2CdP2 and Sr2CdP2 have the potential to exhibit high n-type TE performance (0.6 and 0.7 relative to the n-type PbTe, a reference TE material). To optimize the TE performance, band engineering strategies, including isovalent substitution and cation mutations, were investigated. From the band engineering of Ba2CdP2 via isovalent substitution of Sr on a single Ba site, leading to the quaternary composition SrBaCdP2, it can be suggested that increasing the conduction band valley degeneracy is an effective way to improve the n-type TE performance by three-fold. Moreover, first-principles defect calculations reveal that both Ba2CdP2 and SrBaCdP2 are n-type dopable, adding these compounds to a small list of rare n-type dopable Zintl phases. The band engineering strategies used in this work are equally applicable to other TE materials, either for optimization of existing TE materials or designing new materials with desired properties.
A Bioinspired Molybdenum Catalyst for Aqueous Perchlorate Reduction
Authors: Ren Changxu , yang peng , Sun Jiaonan , Bi Eric , Palmer Jacob , Zhu Mengqiang , Wu Yiying , Liu Jinyong
Published: October 2020

The detection of perchlorate (ClO4−) on and beyond Earth requires ClO4− reduction technologies to support water purification and space exploration. However, the reduction of ClO4− usually entails either harsh conditions or multi-component enzymatic processes. We developed a heterogeneous Mo−Pd/C catalyst from sodium molybdate to reduce aqueous ClO4− into Cl− with 1 atm H2 at room temperature. Upon hydrogenation by H2/Pd, the reduced Mo oxide species and a bidentate nitrogen ligand (1:1 molar ratio) are transformed in situ into oligomeric Mo sites on the carbon support. The turnover number and frequency for oxygen atom transfer from ClOx− substrates reached 3850 and 165 h−1 on each Mo site. This simple bioinspired design yielded a robust water-compatible catalyst for the removal and utilization of ClO4−.
Selective Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to CO by an NHC-Based Organometallic Heme Analogue
Authors: Massie Allyssa A. , Schremmer Claudia , Rüter Isabelle , Dechert Sebastian , Siewert Inke , Meyer Franc
Published: October 2020

Molecular first-row transition metal complexes for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction mostly feature N-donor supporting ligands, iron porphyrins being among the most prominent catalysts. Introducing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligation has previously shown promising effects for some systems, yet the application of NHC iron complexes for electrochemical CO2 reduction has so far remained unreported. Herein we show that the macrocyclic tetracarbene iron complex [LFe(NCMe)2](OTf)2 (1), which can be described as an organometallic heme analogue, mediates selective electrocatalytic CO2-to-CO conversion with a faradaic efficiency of over 90% and a very high initial observed catalytic rate constant (kobs) of 7,800 s−1. Replacement of an axial MeCN ligand by CO significantly increases the catalyst stability and turnover number, while the rate of catalysis decreases only slightly (kobs = 3,100 s−1). Ferrous complexes with one or two axial CO ligands, [LFe(NCMe)(CO)](OTf)2 (1-CO) and [LFe(CO)2](OTf)2 (1-(CO)2), have been isolated and fully characterized. Based on linear sweep voltammogram (LSV) spectroelectro-IR (SEC-IR) studies for 1 and 1-CO, both under N2 and CO2 atmosphere, a mechanistic scenario in anhydrous acetonitrile is proposed. It involves two molecules of CO2 and results in CO and CO32− formation, whereby the first CO2 binds to the doubly reduced, pentacoordinated [LFe0(CO)] species. This work commences the exploration of the reductive chemistry by the widely tunable macrocyclic tetracarbene iron motif, which is topologically similar to hemes but electronically distinct as the strongly s-donating and redox inactive NHC scaffold leads to metal-centered reduction and population of the exposed dz² orbital, in contrast to ligand-based orbitals in the analogous porphyrin systems.
Preparation and Characterization of Modified Natural Rubber Blends For Water Purification Treatment Usage
Authors: Tang Ruogu , Dong Wenfa
Published: October 2020

The water industry used NR was selected for blending with SBR. A series of NR/SBR vulcanizates were prepared through three different vulcanization systems, conventional vulcanization (CV), effective vulcanization (EV) and semi-effective vulcanization (SEV) respectively, basing on each formulation and optimum curing time. We examined the mechanical properties of NR/SBR vulcanizates including tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, modulus, Shore A hardnessand and relative volume abrasion. The results indicated that NR/SBR vulcanizates prepared in different systems differed in mechanical properties. Vulcanizates prepared via CV showed higher tensile and tear strength; vulcanizates prepared via EV had high modulus and hardness, and vulcanizates prepared via SEV performed high abrasion resistance.