bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerosity, area-osity, object-osity? Oh my
Authors: Yousif Sami R.
Published: December 2021

There is ongoing debate about whether number is perceived directly. Clarke and Beck suggest that what plagues this debate is a lack of shared understanding about what it means to perceive number in the first place. I agree. I argue that the perception of number is held to a different standard than, say, the perception of objecthood; considering this, I explore what it might mean for the number system to represent rational numbers.
Phonological characteristics of novel gesture production in children with developmental language disorder: Longitudinal findings
Authors: Factor Laiah , Goffman Lisa
Published: December 2021

Children with developmental language disorder (DLD; aka specific language impairment) are characterized based on deficits in language, especially morphosyntax, in the absence of other explanatory conditions. However, deficits in speech production, as well as fine and gross motor skill, have also been observed, implicating both the linguistic and motor systems. Situated at the intersection of these domains, and providing insight into both, is manual gesture. In the current work, we asked whether children with DLD showed phonological deficits in the production of novel gestures and whether gesture production at 4 years of age is related to language and motor outcomes two years later. Twenty-eight children (14 with DLD) participated in a two-year longitudinal novel gesture production study. At the first and final time points, language and fine motor skills were measured and gestures were analyzed for phonological feature accuracy, including handshape, path, and orientation. Results indicated that, while early deficits in phonological accuracy did not persist for children with DLD, all children struggled with orientation while handshape was the most accurate. Early handshape and orientation accuracy were also predictive of later language skill, but only for the children with DLD. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Reply to My Critics
Authors: Stilz Anna
Published: December 2021

This essay replies to three critics of my book Territorial Sovereignty: A Philosophical Exploration. First, in response to Kit Wellman, I defend the claim that states sometimes have a right against external interference even when their decisions depart from the requirements of social justice. This “right to do wrong” is grounded in respect for a legitimate procedure of collective self-determination, in which the state's members have an important interest. Second, I reply to Michael Blake's concern that there is an inconsistency in my treatment of people's actual wills in politics. I clarify that my view places weight on the actual wills only of “cooperators” (a technical term), and that cooperators’ actual wills matter because they have claims against alien rule. There is no inconsistency in treating political annexation differently from immigration since immigrants rarely threaten to impose alien rule on cooperators. Finally, I address Adom Getachew's concerns about the imperial dimensions of the states system, arguing that my book contains resources for theorizing remedial claims to land in settler colonial societies and other reparative duties of global justice.
Exploring Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity in the High‐Resolution Community Atmosphere Model
Authors: Wu Xiaoning , Reed Kevin A. , Callaghan Patrick , Bacmeister Julio T.
Published: December 2021

High‐resolution climate models (∼28 km grid spacing) can permit realistic simulations of tropical cyclones (TCs), thus enabling their investigation in relation to the climate system. On the global scale, previous works have demonstrated that the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5 presents a reasonable TC climatology under prescribed present‐day (1980–2005) forcing. However, for the Western North Pacific (WNP) region, known biases in simulated TC genesis frequency and location under‐represent the basin's dominant share in observations. This study addresses these model biases in WNP by evaluating WNP TCs in a decadal simulation, and exploring potential improvements through nudging experiments. Among the major environmental controls of TC genesis, the lack of mid‐level moisture is identified as the leading cause of the deficit in simulated WNP TC genesis over the Pacific Warm Pool. Subsequent seasonal experiments explore the effect of constraining the large‐scale environment on TC development by nudging WNP temperature field toward reanalysis at various strengths. Temperature nudging elicits a significant response in TC genesis and intensity development, as well as in moisture and convection over the Warm Pool. These responses are sensitive to the choice of nudging timescale. Overall, the nudging experiments demonstrate that improvements in the large‐scale environment can lead to improvements in simulated TCs, suggesting future model developments in relation to model physics. In this way, the potential improvements in model fidelity will contribute to the understanding of how the mean state of current or future climates may give rise to extremes such as TCs.
Peruvian Farmers Threatened by Water Stress
Authors: Dacey James
Published: December 2021

Two analyses present the Arequipa region as a microcosm of water supply issues facing small-scale agriculture communities.
Midwest Livestock Operations Linked to Rise in Ammonia Pollution
Authors: van Deelen Grace
Published: December 2021

For the first time, scientists have linked high-density animal operations in the U.S. Midwest to rising air pollution from ammonia, suggesting need for increased regulation from the EPA.
Eruca sativa seed napin structural insights and thorough functional characterization
Authors: Khaliq Binish , Falke Sven , Saeed Qamar , Bilal Muhammad , Munawar Aisha , Ali Arslan , Baermann Gunnar , Athar Habib-ur-Rehman , Mahmood Seema , Betzel Christian , Ali Qurban , Akrem Ahmed
Published: December 2021

A potent napin protein has been thoroughly characterized from seeds of rocket salad (Eruca sativa). Eruca sativa napin (EsNap) was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation (70%) and size-exclusion chromatography. Single intact 16 kDa EsNap band was reduced to 11 and 5 kDa bands respectively on SDS-PAGE. Nano LC–MS/MS yielded two fragments comprising of 26 residues which showed 100% sequence identity with napin-3 of Brassica napus. CD spectroscopy indicated a dominant α-helical structure of EsNap. Monodispersity of EsNap was verified by dynamic light scattering, which also confirmed the monomeric status with a corresponding hydrodynamic radius of 2.4 ± 0.2 nm. An elongated ab initio shape of EsNap was calculated based on SAXS data, with an Rg of 1.96 ± 0.1 nm. The ab initio model calculated by DAMMIF with P1 symmetry and a volume of approx. 31,100 nm3, which corresponded to a molecular weight of approximately 15.5 kDa. The comparison of the SAXS and ab initio modeling showed a minimized χ2-value of 1.87, confirming a similar molecular structure. A homology model was predicted using the coordinate information of Brassica napus rproBnIb (PDB ID: 1SM7). EsNap exhibited strong antifungal activity by significantly inhibiting the growth of Fusarium graminearum. EsNap also showed cytotoxicity against the hepatic cell line Huh7 and the obtained IC50 value was 20.49 µM. Further, strong entomotoxic activity was experienced against different life stages of stored grain insect pest T. castaneum. The result of this study shows insights that can be used in developing potential antifungal, anti-cancerous and insect resistance agents in the future using EsNap from E. sativa.
The Edible Plant Microbiome represents a diverse genetic reservoir with functional potential in the human host
Authors: Soto-Giron Maria J. , Kim Ji-Nu , Schott Eric , Tahmin Claudine , Ishoey Thomas , Mincer Tracy J. , DeWalt Jillian , Toledo Gerardo
Published: December 2021

Plant microbiomes have been extensively studied for their agricultural relevance on growth promotion and pathogenesis, but little is known about their role as part of the diet when fresh fruits and vegetables are consumed raw. Most studies describing these communities are based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon surveys, limiting our understanding of the taxonomic resolution at the species level and functional capabilities. In this study, we characterized microbes colonizing tomatoes, spinach, brined olives, and dried figs using shotgun metagenomics. We recovered metagenome-assembled genomes of novel lactic acid bacteria from green olives and identified high intra- and inter-specific diversity of Pseudomonas in tomatoes. All samples were colonized by Pseudomonas, consistent with other reports with distinct community structure. Functional characterization showed the presence of enzymes involved in vitamin and short chain fatty acid metabolism and degradation of diverse carbohydrate substrates including plant fibers. The dominant bacterial members were isolated, sequenced, and mapped to its metagenome confirming their identity and indicating the microbiota is culturable. Our results reveal high genetic diversity, previously uncultured genera, and specific functions reflecting a likely plant host association. This study highlights the potential that plant microbes can play when consumed as part of our diet and proposes these as transient contributors to the gut microbiome.
RNAmetasome network for macromolecule biogenesis in human cells
Authors: Iuchi Shiro , Paulo Joao A.
Published: December 2021

RNA plays a central role in macromolecule biogenesis for various pathways, such as gene expression, ribosome biogenesis, and chromatin remodeling. However, RNA must be converted from its nascent to functional forms for that role. Here, we describe a large RNA metabolic network (RNAmetasome network) for macromolecule biogenesis in human cells. In HEK293T, the network consists of proteins responsible for gene expression, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle. Reciprocal immunoprecipitations show that MKI67, GNL2, MDN1, and ELMSAN1 are core proteins of the network, and knockdown of either MKI67 or GNL2 affects the state of the other protein, MDN1, and some other network members. Furthermore, GNL2 knockdown retards cell proliferation. Several proteins of the RNAmetasome network are diminished in Hela.cl1, and this diminishment is associated with low expression of MDN1 and elevated MKI67 degradation. These results together suggest that the RNAmetasome network is present in human cells and associated with proliferation, and that MKI67, GNL2, and MDN1 play an important role in organizing the RNAmetasome network.
Harnessing sensing systems towards urban sustainability transformation
Authors: Grêt-Regamey Adrienne , Switalski Michal , Fagerholm Nora , Korpilo Silviya , Juhola Sirkku , Kyttä Marketta , Käyhkö Niina , McPhearson Timon , Nollert Markus , Rinne Tiina , Soininen Niko , Toivonen Tuuli , Räsänen Aleksi , Willberg Elias , Raymond Christopher M.
Published: December 2021

Recent years have seen a massive development of geospatial sensing systems informing the use of space. However, rarely do these sensing systems inform transformation towards urban sustainability. Drawing on four global urban case examples, we conceptualize how passive and active sensing systems should be harnessed to secure an inclusive, sustainable and resilient urban transformation. We derive principles for stakeholders highlighting the need for an iterative dialogue along a sensing loop, new modes of governance enabling direct feeding of sensed information, an account for data biases in the sensing processes and a commitment to high ethical standards, including open access data sharing.
Introduction to Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Lambert John M. , van Delft F. L.
Published: December 2021

In the fight against cancer, antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) form a versatile class of chemotherapeutic agents by combining the exquisite binding affinity and selectivity of a monoclonal antibody with the high cell-killing potential of a cytotoxic payload. Although the concept was originally postulated more than 60 years ago, only in the past ten years have ADCs started to firmly establish themselves in the field of targeted cancer therapy, with currently ten approved drugs and many more (>80) in the clinical pipeline. This chapter is an introduction to antibody–drug conjugates in the broad sense, starting with a historical perspective of the development of ADC technologies, to be followed by an overview of marketed and clinically most advanced ADCs. Next, the essential considerations to design and develop a successful ADC are separately highlighted: the target; the antibody and the (cytotoxic) payload;a quick overview of conjugation chemistries to attach the payload to the antibody;and of course, the linker, the essential part in the middle.
Ligand isomerism fine-tunes structure and stability in zinc complexes of fused pyrazolopyridines
Authors: Swarbrook Amelia M. , Weekes Rohan J. , Goodwin Jack W. , Hawes Chris S.
Published: December 2021

Fused-ring pyrazoles offer a versatile platform for derivitization to give finely tuned and functional ligands in coordination assemblies.
Colloidal 2D PbSe nanoplatelets with efficient emission reaching the telecom O-, E- and S-band
Authors: Klepzig Lars F. , Biesterfeld Leon , Romain Michel , Niebur André , Schlosser Anja , Hübner Jens , Lauth Jannika
Published: December 2021

Colloidal two-dimensional (2D) lead selenide nanoplatelets with band gaps tunable by their lateral size for near- and short wave-infrared applications reaching the telecom O-, E- and S-band.
Harvesting thermal energy via tube-based triboelectric nanogenerators within an oscillating heat pipe
Authors: Chang Chao , He Xiaoyu , Han Zhaoyang , Pei Lilin , Wang Zongyu , Ji Yulong
Published: December 2021

A novel thermal-to-electric conversion device is fabricated by integrating a tube-based triboelectric nanogenerator into an oscillating heat pipe.
Correction: On the environmental competitiveness of sodium-ion batteries under a full life cycle perspective – a cell-chemistry specific modelling approach
Authors: Peters Jens F. , Baumann Manuel , Binder Joachim R. , Weil Marcel
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘On the environmental competitiveness of sodium-ion batteries under a full life cycle perspective – a cell-chemistry specific modelling approach’ by Jens F. Peters et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5, 6414–6429, DOI: 10.1039/D1SE01292D.
The algae revolution 2.0: the potential of algae for the production of food, feed, fuel and bioproducts – why we need it now
Authors: Mayfield Stephen , Burkart Michael
Published: December 2021

Algae made our world possible, and it can help us make the future more sustainable; but we need to change the way we live and adopt new more efficient production systems, and we need to do that now. When the world was new, the atmosphere was mainly carbon dioxide, and no animal life was possible. Along came algae with the process of photosynthesis, and things began to change. Ancient cyanobacteria algae turned carbon dioxide into enormous sums of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, while they secreted oxygen into the atmosphere. Over a billion years, as oxygen filled the air and algae filled the seas, animal life became possible. Eventually all that algae biomass became petroleum and natural gas, which for eons sat undisturbed in vast underground reservoirs, holding enormous sums of untapped energy. Less than 200 years ago humans learned to tap these energy reserves to create the world we know today, but in so doing, we have released millions of years of stored CO2 back into the atmosphere. Algae can again help make the world a better place, but this will require new thinking and new ways of producing our food, feed and fuels. We need an algae revolution 2.0.
Who is Right? A Word-Identification-in-Noise Test for Young Children Using Minimal Pair Distracters
Authors: Evans Samuel , Rosen Stuart
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Many children have difficulties understanding speech. At present, there are few assessments that test for subtle impairments in speech perception with normative data from U.K. children. We present a new test that evaluates children's ability to identify target words in background noise by choosing between minimal pair alternatives that differ by a single articulatory phonetic feature. This task (a) is tailored to testing young children, but also readily applicable to adults; (b) has minimal memory demands; (c) adapts to the child's ability; and (d) does not require reading or verbal output.

Method:

We tested 155 children and young adults aged from 5 to 25 years on this new test of single word perception.

Results:

Speech-in-noise abilities in this particular task develop rapidly through childhood until they reach maturity at around 9 years of age.

Conclusions:

We make this test freely available and provide associated normative data. We hope that it will be useful to researchers and clinicians in the assessment of speech perception abilities in children who are hard of hearing or have developmental language disorder, dyslexia, or auditory processing disorder.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.17155934
Use of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulationfor Swallowing Habilitation in High-Risk Infants: A Survey of Clinical Practice
Authors: Bustamante Deborah Acevedo , Plumb Allison M. , Bailey Dallin J. , Sandage Mary J.
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this clinical focus article was to identify clinical practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who use neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with the high-risk infants, specifically, the modality treatment parameters and physiological rationale.

Method:

An online survey was disseminated to query use of NMES by licensed SLPs who routinely address swallowing habilitation in high-risk infants.

Results:

Eleven of the 40 practicing SLPs who completed the survey indicated they have used NMES on neonates and infants. Most survey respondents reported not using NMES with infants. Of the SLPs who used this modality, over half reported they relied on clinical judgment for determination of NMES dose, frequency of treatments, electrode placement, and discharge determination. While SLPs acknowledged that little empirical evidence is available, those who used this modality indicated that the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association should support this modality in infants.

Conclusions:

Reliance on clinical judgment, as indicated by SLPs who use NMES on high-risk infants, is not consistent with the evidence-based practice triad, which encourages the use of high-quality peer-reviewed published evidence to inform clinical decision-making. Additional basic and applied research is needed to support use of NMES as a therapeutic modality in infants.
Sequential extraction and recognition of pulse group structure for multi‐function radar
Authors: Kang Shi‐Qian , Yuan Shuo , Wang Cong , Liu Zhang‐Meng
Published: December 2021

The structure design and switching regulation of pulse groups in multi‐function radars (MFRs) are closely related to the work mode. The sequential extraction and recognition of MFR pulse group structure is a fundamental task to analysing and interpreting the work modes and behaviour intentions of an MFR. In this study, the temporal structure of MFR pulse group is expressed hierarchically, which is intensively modelled based on regular grammar. Besides, a corresponding hierarchical automaton is established to sequentially extract and recognise the MFR pulse group structure in pulse train. The hierarchical automaton used for pulse group recognition has a two‐layer structure. The bottom layer of the hierarchical automaton realises the sequential input of pulses and recognition of pulse subgroups, and the sequential input of pulse subgroups and recognition of pulse groups are realised at the top layer. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method performs satisfyingly in recognising the pulse group structure and is robust to not only pulse noises but also to the emitter number and pulse group scale.
An overview on the art of piezosurgery in the maxillofacial practice
Authors: Nandagopal Naveen , John Bobby
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Piezosurgery is an emerging boom in the field of maxillofacial surgery for precise, safe and effective osteotomies sparing the adjacent vital structures compared to conventional surgery. Corpus: It works on the principle of piezoelectric effect in which crystals in the piezoelectric substances get deformed on the application of an electric field. Various studies gave the evidence of improved wound healing and bone formation compared to conventional approaches. The soft tissue sparing capability with improved patient comfort and decreased blood loss gave the utmost importance for this surgical technique in the present as well as future world of surgery. Conclusion: Piezosurgery has emerging as a promising surgical modality with a wide range of clinical applications throughout the whole field of surgery.
Analysis of the reasons for the resettlement of Western Siberia in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Levochkina Nataliya , Zinchenko Alexander
Published: December 2021

The construction of a new railway is considered as a way to successfully solve many socio-economic problems of regional significance, the development of regional production complexes (in particular, petrochemical), the transfer of the center of gravity from the South of Western Siberia, where the reserves of ecological capacity are almost exhausted, to the regions of the Near North, where such reserves are available. The authors note that this will create real prerequisites for expanding the main settlement zone within Western Siberia at the expense of the Near North, eliminating the “Irtysh settlement gap”.
The system of strategic planning as an institutional basis for ensuring sustainable development of territories under Industry 4.0
Authors: Rakhmeeva Irina , Antipin Ivan , Ivanova Olga
Published: December 2021

Technological revolution and growing social, economic, ecological, and biological threats make the topic of sustainable development increasingly relevant. Having examined the development strategies of the subjects of the Russian Federation, we identify three strategies of industrial development currently pursued by the Russian regions: extractive growth, inclusive reindustrialization, and new industrialization. In line with the specified strategic directions, the systems of objectives are structured. The analysis of the strategic planning documents of the RF subjects located within the Ural macroregion revealed that in accordance with the suggested classification, they adopt the policy of industrial development. To shift the policy focus towards the new industrialization, corrective measures are proposed. The research proves that modern system of strategic planning should be flexible and adaptable, in addition to be based on the uniform rules of strategizing.
Corporate social responsibility and social investment in the urban environment
Authors: Grishina Valeria , Amelicheva Daria , Tikhanov Nikita
Published: December 2021

The article examines the phenomenon of social investment, reveals the advantages, and overviews the potential of impact investments. Implementation of corporate social responsibility as a trend followed by international corporations is reviewed, and its role as the most widespread direction of ESG approach is discussed. The definition of social urban space that most fully meets modern trends is proposed; the trends relevant to the organization of urban spaces are considered in the article. A comparison is made between the Western experience of using social investments and Russian practice. The most promising directions of using social investment for the development of the social urban environment are proposed.
Interrelations between neurotic syndromes and defense mechanisms
Authors: Pilyugina Elena , Suleymanov Ramil
Published: December 2021

The article presents a new view on manifestations of neurotic syndromes and their relations to defense mechanisms. The authors consider interrelations between four syndromes – Marilyn syndrome, impostor syndrome, learned helplessness, vernacular Stockholm syndrome) and 20 defense mechanisms, including dissociation, replacement, hypochondria, isolation, regression, passive aggression, etc. It was shown that each of the neurotic syndromes is closely linked to defense mechanisms, which allowed formulating practical recommendations for each subject to solve their problems. Thus, uniting the two phenomena into an interrelated structure forms a diagnostic tool, enabling to use a single feature to reveal a complex of diagnostic parameters, like characteristic personality features, behavior strategies, and anamnesis of child-parent relations; this serves as the basis for predicting the person’s behavior, the available and potential resources, and the possible ways of overcoming the current problem. Using such a tool allows significantly simplifying and expediting the diagnostic and therapeutic work of a practical psychologist.
Professional communities in human resources management
Authors: Dolzhenko Ruslan , Dolzhenko Svetlana
Published: December 2021

The paper discusses the opportunities of professional communities in the sphere of HR management to design and develop the system of professional qualifications. It describes the nature of professional communities and identifies their advantages for public policy. The study provides the results of HR specialists quantity analysis, presents the conclusions of the monitoring of HR professional communities in Russia, determines their readiness to develop the system of professional qualifications in the country. The monitoring included 97 Russian professional communities in HR management. Websites of professional communities have been analysed; the experience of community members has been studied; results of the survey among communities’ members held in 2010-2016 are presented. This research helped to identify several new and relevant activities of Russian professional communities in HR management, such as development of an independent qualification assessment and updating of educational programs in higher educational establishments.
Disciplinary discourses of globalization in the horizon of lack of meaning: “challenge” and the search for an “response”
Authors: Lomako Leonid , Maltsev Konstantin , Maltseva Anna
Published: December 2021

The overlapping disciplinary discourses of globalization are built in the perspective of the absence of its concept; the concept presupposes the disclosure of meaning, that is, a philosophical interpretation. The representation of the globalization of the form of modernity actualizes its philosophical understanding and sets the perspective for defining its concept; concepts of the “third era of liberation” I.G. Fichte, “the era of nihilism” F. Nietzsche and M. Heidegger’s “closing period of modern times” are presented as the horizon of the philosophical interpretation of globalization as planetarism, the essential (conceptual) features of which are “destruction of space” as the removal of boundaries and “compression of time” to total modernity, provided by technology as the arche of modernity. In a metaphysical concept, there is a combination of the real and the actual, which for the new time is essentially subjective; the new European subject and the idea of technology are one essence and there is a beginning from which modernity unfolds and is interpreted, which remains for modernity itself both “unnecessary” and “impossible” (M. Heidegger). The article demonstrates the impossibility of the concept of globalization for the dominant view of modernity in the economic paradigm (J. Agamben) and the essential non-reality of Heidegger’s concept of planetarism for modern disciplinarily arranged science. It is concluded that the real challenge is the impossibility of comprehension with the absolute exclusion of the possibility of a response.
“Pension capital” in representations of large cities residents: the experience of sociological analysis
Authors: Vlasova O.I. , Zaglodina T.А. , Chebykina I.V.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the possibility of applying the theories of human and social capital to the sociological study of “pension capital”. The authors methodologically substantiate that “pension social capital” in modern Russia already has certain institutional characteristics. On the example of an applied sociological study carried out with the financial support of a grant from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, it is revealed that the public opinion of residents of large cities is dominated by attitudes towards paternalistic, traditional ways of forming pension capital. Responsibility for the future provision of pensions is massively entrusted to state institutions by the townspeople. Alternative sources of pension savings are perceived by the population as secondary, not enjoying special trust. The team of authors comes to the conclusion that among active citizens, groups are formed that have a special potential for future active formation of social pension capital.
Forecasting the coal industry development the in Russia in the context of the transition to carbon neutrality
Authors: Prosekov Aleksandr , Rada Artem
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the study is to develop a forecast for the development of the coal industry in Russia for 2021-2030 in the context of the transition to carbon neutrality. Irwin’s criterion was used to analyze outliers of a number of dynamics, the method of ascending and descending series to identify a trend, standard methods for assessing autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. For forecasting, the equations of trends, the method of exponential smoothing were used. The necessity of constructing a differentiated forecast for three elements of the use of coal mined in Russia is shown: domestic consumption, export to Europe, export to the Asia-Pacific region. Domestic coal consumption is very stable and with a 95% probability it will be between 210 and 225 million tons. Coal exports to the west will decline monotonically in line with plans by European governments to stop using thermal coal. It will be about 60 million tons in 2025 and about 15-20 million tons in 2030. Exports to the countries of the Asia-Pacific region will grow until 2030. After 2030, demand for thermal coal in the Asia-Pacific region will begin to decline in line with China's plans to move towards carbon neutrality by 2050-2060. According to the forecast obtained in the study, the export of coal from Russia to the east will reach 150 million tons in 2025 and 190 million tons in 2030, after which it will begin to decline. Therefore, the coal-mining regions of Russia in the next 5-10 years must diversify the economy.
Innovation and modernization of the Russian energy sector
Authors: Strielkowski Wadim , Rausser Gordon , Takhumova Oksana
Published: December 2021

Russian energy sector is suffering from the economic, financial, and political sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union. These sanctions have prevented Russia from accessing oil and gas resources and from exporting natural gas. Low oil prices, combined with sanctions against Russia, can be blamed as a possible cause of Russia’s collapse as an energy producer and consumer. However, the country is struggling to modernize its energy balance. Specifically, Russia’s major modernisation efforts have focused on the energy sector and related industries and services. In support of economic growth and social development, the 2003 Energy Strategy made substantial investments in energy infrastructure, such as the construction of new power stations, transmission lines and power plants. This paper focuses on the recent innovation and modernization trends of the Russian energy sector. It discusses the history and the developments in this sector up to this day, provides some insights into modernization efforts of the sector and describes the perspectives for the deployment of the renewable energy sources.
Urban lands for agricultural use: soft management of the ecology state
Authors: Safonov M.A. , Safonova T.I.
Published: December 2021

Agricultural lands occupy a special place in the structure of urban lands. There are horticultural and gardening associations on these lands. The “belts” of horticultural associations surround large cities and small settlements; dachas and vegetable gardens play the role of individual subsidiary farms and recreation areas. In Russia, the area of such lands is about 1.5 million hectares; in the Orenburg region - 18.7 thousand hectares. Studies show that horticultural ecosystems differ significantly from the adjacent urban and agricultural ecosystems in terms of the characteristics of soil and plant cover. The reason for this is private investment in the development of these territories, which needs to be managed. For the consistent development of these socio-ecological systems (SES), it is necessary to implement a soft management system. The purpose of creating and supporting of socio-ecological systems in the agricultural use zone and suburbs is the formation of a sustainable complex of natural and social conditions for gardening and recreation of residents; optimization of the belt of lands separating the city from agricultural land to reduce the impact of adverse environmental factors on urban ecosystems (wind restriction, fire safety, pests, etc.); use of these lands as carbon polygons for capturing and retaining of carbon dioxide.
Assessment of the quality of work of personnel in russian health resort institutions
Authors: Bakieva Glyusa , Bannova Anna
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates the relevance of the activities of sanatorium-resort enterprises due to the pandemic. The dynamics of development of medical tourism is provided. The role of personnel in business efficiency is highlighted. Methods and indicators for analyzing the quality of personnel work are provided. A quantitative review of the sanatoriums of the Republic of Bashkortostan is provided. The intangibility of the spa service makes it impossible to study and evaluate before its receiving. This leads to difficulties in managing a specific service. Direct contact between the personnel and the guest is key for the enterprises of the spa industry. Therefore, the quality assessment will depend on many subjective and objective factors. On the example of a particular sanatorium, the quality of the work of the personnel was assessed and the factor analysis of the dissatisfaction of the clients with the work of the personnel with the Pareto diagram was carried out. Three main problems fell within the 80 % range. Measures are proposed to improve the quality of work of personnel in sanatorium-resort institutions.
State defense during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: the cases of the Russian Federation and Hungary
Authors: Krasnova Kristina , Reshnyak Maria , Vári Vince
Published: December 2021

The first cases of the COVID-19 epidemic, registered in January 2020, and the first wave that followed, hit the world unprepared. The only means available to the various states were the various restrictive measures expected to alleviate the epidemic. In this article, the restrictive legal measures of two European countries, the EU member state Hungary and non-the EU member state Russia, are compared from the rule of law and law enforcement. The special legal order introduced in both countries and the measures taken within its framework have resulted in a significant restriction of fundamental rights. The epidemiological data of the two countries differed significantly, yet they tried very hard to defend themselves with similar means. There are two primary differences. Russia has used more robust control mechanisms to enforce similar measures, presumably due to the more difficult epidemic situation. The other difference is that Russia’s restrictions against Hungary did not cover freedom of expression and freedom of expression. As both the state of emergency and, with it, the more severe restrictions were lifted during the period under review. Following the reduction of the epidemic situation, both states remained within the legal framework.
Features of small business development in modern conditions: pandemic crisis and foreign experience
Authors: Rakhimova Bella , Aslakhanova Seda
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the foreign experience of small business development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the course of the study, statistical methods of information processing and methods of comparative analysis were used. Small business is a priority tool for economic growth. The consequences of the current crisis are manifested in a decrease in the level of employment of the population and purchasing power, an increase in prices for goods and services, a change in the structure of the labor market and an increase in the level of poverty of the population. Small business sets itself the task of developing and implementing innovative technologies. This is especially relevant in new crisis conditions, when there is an active use of digital technologies and it is necessary to respond quickly and adapt to changes in the external environment. Therefore, the topic acquires its relevance and significance in the rapidly changing circumstances of the modern world.
Transformation of the spiritual and moral foundations of personality development in the education of modern Russia
Authors: Tkach Elena , Kazantseva Dina , Gilyano Albina
Published: December 2021

The spiritual and moral development of personality in Russia, carried out in the modern socio-cultural environment, depends on the corresponding influence of the mechanisms of state regulation, ensuring the sustainable development of the modern society within globalization. The problem of the spiritual and moral state of an individual is strategic, since its solution ultimately determines the nature and direction of the development not only of a specific individual, but of the country as a whole. In this regard, the purpose of the study was the transformation of the spiritual and moral foundations of personality development in the modern socio-cultural environment and the influence of the mechanism of state regulation on it. For the study, a focus group was conducted in two stages: from March 1 to March 31, 2010 and from February 1 to February 31, 2021. The research region is the Penza region. At the first stage in 2010, the focus group consisted of 15 specialists from three fields of activity: social, political, and economic. On the second one in 2021 there were 20 specialists from three fields of activity: social, political, and economic. All respondents have higher education.
Présentation de soi sur une application de rencontre - le cas des hommes gays en mobilité étudiante
Authors: Guichon Nicolas
Published: December 2021

Située dans le champ de recherche des études sur le numérique et la migration, cette étude explore de quelles façons les étudiants étrangers gays se présentent sur une application de rencontre (Grindr) et se forgent une identité intermédiaire entre leur pays d’origine et leur pays d’accueil. L’étude combine une analyse de l’interface de présentation de soi sur Grindr et celle d’entretiens semi-guidés menés auprès d’un échantillon d’étudiants afin de déterminer comment ces individus déclarent qu’ils utilisent les affordances de l’application de rencontre pour projeter et entretenir une présentation de soi en ligne, interagir avec d’autres individus en déployant une gamme d’ajustements identitaires et sémiotiques et se confronter aux regards des autres. Les entextualisations (Jones, 2018) mobilisant des ressources textuelles et visuelles pour construire et entretenir son profil sont examinées afin de mettre au jour quelques-unes des stratégies d’exposition discursive des étudiants et les tensions identitaires que cela peut générer. D’une part, la visualité des applications de rencontres semble inciter les individus gays à se conformer à des normes valorisant la blanchité et la virilité. D’autre part, ces applications contribuent à la socialisation des étudiants étrangers mais les confronte à la dureté des rapports sociaux et à certains comportements de racisation.
Schwerpunkt: Leitlinien
Authors: Kainer Franz
Published: December 2021

Neue Empfehlungen für die evidenzbasierte Geburtshilfe

Seit 22.12.2020 gibt es mit der S3-Leitlinie „Die vaginale Geburt am Termin“ erstmals Empfehlungen zur vaginalen Geburt. Diese Leitlinie wurde federführend von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft (DGHWi) und von der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (DGGG) erstellt. Es ist sehr erfreulich, dass nun neben der S3-Leitlinie zur Sectio eine weitere gemeinsame S3-Leitlinie von Hebammen und Frauenärzt*innen zur Verfügung steht.
Interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der geburtshilflichen Versorgung aus Sicht der Hebammen
Authors: Schulz Anja Alexandra , Richter Hannah , Wirtz Markus Antonius
Published: December 2021

Um Frauen und ihre Neugeborenen vor, während und nach der Geburt optimal zu versorgen, arbeiten Hebammen, Frauen- und KinderärztInnen zusammen. Nicht immer läuft diese Kooperation reibungslos. Eine neue Studie hat untersucht, wie gut die interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit in der Geburtshilfe aus Sicht der Hebammen funktioniert. Die Untersuchung ist eingebettet in das übergeordnete Forschungsprojekt „Strukturanalyse der Hebammenversorgung im ländlich geprägten Ortenaukreis“.
Sitzendes Rumpfstabilisations- und Gleichgewichtstraining auf einem
Gymnastikball mittels Bewegungssensor und Trainings-App: Neue
Möglichkeiten für den Gesundheitssport und die
Bewegungstherapie
Authors: Raschner Christian , Hildebrandt Carolin , Niedermeier Stefanie , Steidl-Müller Lisa
Published: December 2021

Die hohe Prävalenz von Rückenbeschwerden in der
Bevölkerung, insbesondere von Schmerzen im Bereich der
Lendenwirbelsäule, hat negative Auswirkungen auf die individuelle
Lebensqualität und Fehlzeiten am Arbeitsplatz. Als mögliche
Ursachen wurden unter anderem eine verminderte Rumpfkraft und/oder eine
schlechte neuromuskuläre Ansteuerung beschrieben. Zur Vorbeugung oder
Therapie von Rückenschmerzen sind Übungen zur Stärkung
der Rumpfmuskulatur in Kombination mit einer adäquaten
neuromuskulären Ansteuerung entscheidend. Der Gymnastikball hat sich
dabei als effizientes Trainingsmittel erwiesen. Die zunehmende Digitalisierung
ermöglicht im Bereich der therapeutischen Maßnahmen und des
Trainings vermehrt die Implementierung von kostengünstigen
Miniatur-Sensoren mit dazugehörenden Apps. In diesem Praxisbeitrag wird
ein neuartiges Stabilisations- und Gleichgewichtstraining im Sitzen auf einem
Gymnastikball mit integriertem Bewegungssensor und dazugehöriger
Trainings-App vorgestellt. Dazu wird ein flexibler Gurt, in welchen ein kleiner
dreidimensionaler Neigungssensor integriert ist, um den Gymnastikball gelegt.
Dadurch können die Bewegungen des Gymnastikballs mit einer Abtastrate
von 100 Hz erfasst werden. Die Bewegungsdaten werden über
Bluetooth in die Trainings-App auf ein Tablet oder Handy übertragen.
Nach einer Kalibrierung der Sensorposition erscheinen die Menüpunkte
Balance, Training sowie Spiele am Bildschirm. Ziel bei den vorgegebenen
Übungen ist es, die auf dem Bildschirm vorgegebenen Bewegungen bzw.
Positionen durch vom Neigungssensor erfasste (feinmotorische) Bewegungen auf dem
Gymnastikball nachzustellen. Konkret geht es darum, dass der Übende den
über Echtzeitfeedback am Tablet dargestellten grünen Steuerkreis
möglichst schnell in den sich bewegenden oder unbewegten blauen
Zielkreis steuert und der Bewegung folgt oder die Position hält. In den
Menüpunkten Balance und Training können drei
Schwierigkeitsstufen mit bis zu 13 Übungen bei einer Übungsdauer
von ca. fünf Minuten ausgewählt werden. Eine Besonderheit im
Trainingsmodus stellt die Möglichkeit eines gespiegelten Trainings dar.
Gespiegeltes Training bedeutet, dass die vorgegebenen Bewegungen des Zielkreises
von der trainierenden Person in die jeweils entgegengesetzte Richtung
ausgeführt werden müssen. Die Trainings-App stellt, speziell
für die jüngeren Personen, sechs einfache Feedbackspiele am
Gymnastikball bereit. Somit bietet das neue sensorbasierte Feedbacktraining am
Gymnastikball eine kostengünstige, anwenderfreundliche
Einsatzmöglichkeit mit motivierenden und zielgerichteten Übungen
für den Gesundheits-, Fitness- und Rehabilitationsbereich.
CACP: eine seltene Differenzialdiagnose der juvenilen idiopathischen Arthritis
Authors: Sprengel Anthony , Haas Johannes-Peter
Published: December 2021

Das Kampodaktylie-Arthropathie-Coxa-vara-Perikarditis (CACP) -Syndrom ist eine seltene, autosomal-rezessive Erkrankung, die auf Mutationen im Proteoglycan-4-Gen zurückzuführen ist (OMIM #208250). Im Krankheitsverlauf steht eine progrediente, nicht inflammatorische Arthropathie im Vordergrund, wobei manche Patienten eine kardiale Beteiligung entwickeln. Berichtet wird über einen 3½-jährigen Jungen und ein 6-jähriges Mädchen, die unter der Diagnose einer therapieresistenten Rheumafaktor-negativen Polyarthritis mit intensiver antirheumatischer Behandlung erstmals im Deutschen Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie vorgestellt wurden. Beide Patienten wiesen typische klinische Symptome eines CACP auf. Anhand anamnestischer Hinweise und einzelner diagnostischer Schritte konnte diese seltene Erkrankung zunächst eingegrenzt und in einem weiteren Schritt durch eine genetische Diagnostik bei beiden Kindern belegt werden.
Raumfahrt und die Rolle des „sense of place“
Authors: Gunga Hanns-Christian
Published: December 2021

Was macht Raumfahrt aus? – Sich von der Erde lösen! Wer sich in Zukunft zu Mond, Mars oder noch weiter entfernten Planeten begibt, könnte für uns da interessante, neuartige Erfahrungen machen. Kanas und Manzey 1 sowie Kanas et al. 2 haben in diesem Zusammenhang u. a. auf das mögliche Auftreten eines „Earth-out-of-view-phenomenon“ hingewiesen. Ich möchte in diesem Beitrag folgender Frage nachgehen: Wie verhält es sich auf dem Mond oder Mars mit dem „sense of place“, diesem so wichtigen Gefühl der Verbundenheit eines Menschen mit einem Ort? Kann der Mensch auf dem Mond oder Mars diese emotionale Verbundenheit mit dem Ort entwickeln? Wie werden die neuen Landschaften und Orte von ihm wahrgenommen werden? Welche Rolle könnten Planetologen übernehmen?
Strahlenschutz in der Luftfahrt – Quo vadis?
Authors: Meier Matthias M.
Published: December 2021

Das Jahr 2021 ist nicht nur ein Jubiläumsjahr für die DGLRM, sondern markiert auch das 20-jährige Bestehen des gesetzlich geregelten Strahlenschutzes für das fliegende Personal in Deutschland.
Psychische Belastungen in den alten und neuen Bundesländer 30 Jahre nach Mauerfall
Authors: Farugie Arieja , Heller Ayline , Beutel Manfred , Tibubos Ana , Brähler Elmar
Published: December 2021

Ziel der Studie Die Auswirkungen innerdeutscher Migration auf somatoforme Beschwerden (GBB-8) sowie psychologischen Disstress (PHQ-4; erfasst Angst- und Depressionssymptomatik) wurden untersucht.

Methodik Eine repräsentative Stichprobe aus dem Jahr 2019 wird herangezogen und in vier Gruppen unterteilt (West, Ost, Ost-West, West-Ost). Es wurde eine Varianzanalyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnis Die Gruppe West berichtet signifikant mehr Disstress und somatoforme Beschwerden als die Gruppe Ost. Die Gruppe Ost-West berichten signifikant mehr Disstress und somatoforme Beschwerden.

Schlussfolgerung Der Einfluss der innerdeutschen Migration, insbesondere von Ost nach West, sollte in zukünftigen Untersuchungen berücksichtigt werden.