bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Works of A. F. Pisemsky in the libraries of Siberia and the Far East in the pre-revolutionary period
Authors: Timofeeva Yu. V. , Panchenko A. M.
Published: May 2021

The study relevance is due to the anniversary of the writer (200th anniversary of his birth), the demand for his works among the residents of the Siberian-Far-Eastern region in the pre-revolutionary period, the importance of studying library funds to reconstruct the potential reading circle of the region's population.  Due to the lack of comprehensive studies of library collections of pre-revolutionary libraries in Siberia and the Far East, this article first considers the presence of works by A. F. Pisemsky in the libraries of the region in the late XIX - early XX centuries. The article objective is to identify the writer’s works in the libraries of the Siberian-Far Eastern region during this period. Tasks are to: 1) reconstruct the repertoire of the works by A. F. Pisemsky in the libraries of the region in the pre-revolutionary period; 2) calculate quantitative indicators of their availability; 3) identify lifetime editions of the writer in library collections.  The author applies the comparative analysis, statistical, chronological, source-based methods.  Information is given from 34 catalogs of pre-revolutionary libraries of Siberia. They reflect the funds of 24 libraries located in 4 provincial, 5 regional and 4 county centers of the region. The libraries of municipal public and local commercial and public meetings prevail among them, chosen as the most open and, thereby, most accessible for readers.  For the first time, quantitative indicators of the presence of the works of A. F. Pisemsky in Siberian and Far Eastern libraries in the pre-revolutionary period were calculated and analyzed. The study results show that many of them had works by the writer during the period under review. Their funds included most of the famous works of this author. The most frequently found publications have been identified, as well as publishers whose products were presented in the libraries of the region.  The revealed data allow reconstructing partly library collections and the potential repertoire of reading of Siberian and Far Eastern residents in the late XIX – early XX centuries, clarifying and supplying the picture of library business in the region in the pre-revolutionary period.
Design Floods Considering the Epistemic Uncertainty
Authors: Drobot Radu , Draghia Aurelian Florentin , Ciuiu Daniel , Trandafir Romică
Published: May 2021

The design flood concept (DF) provides for an essential tool in designing the hydraulic works, in defining the reservoir operation programs and for a reliable flood hazard identification. Under a simplified approach, the maximum discharge and the floods volume are statistically processed to reasonably define the DF. Yet, the integral hydrograph provides additional key temporal and quantitative details of important significance for flood management and particularly for the res-ervoirs operation and associated risks of failures. The procedure presented in this paper (as applied on a set of compatibly shaped hydrographs) involves the following key stages: (i) normalize the floods, (ii) define similar flood shape classes and (iii) evaluate the average dimensionless flood (ADF) for each class. The ADFs are finally transformed into a set of (DF)s. Many statistical distributions approximate acceptably the frequent values of the maximum discharges or the flood volumes, yet displaying a significant spread for medium or rare probabilities of exceedance (PE). This scattering, which can be explained by the epistemic uncertainty, defines an area of uncertainty both for measured and extrapolated values. In considering upper and lower values of the uncertainty in-tervals as limits for maximum discharges and flood volumes, then by combining them compatibly, a set of DFs - as completely defined hydrographs, with different shapes - results for each PE. The herein proposed procedure defines both one peak DF and multi-peaks DF. Subsequently, such DFs do assist water managers in examining and establishing tailored approaches for a variety of input hydrographs. Among the DFs that would correspond to a same PE, the most compact floods arise a special interest, for they are basic in defining the set of safe operation rules for hydraulic structures.
Diagnostic Relations Between Pressure and Entropy Perturbations for Acoustic and Entropy Modes
Authors: Leble Sergey , Smirnova Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

Diagnostics and decomposition of atmospheric disturbances in a planar flow are considered and applied to numerical modeling results with the direct possibility to use in atmosphere monitoring especially in such strong events which follow magnetic storms. The study examines a situation in which the stationary equilibrium temperature of a gas may depend on a vertical coordinate, that seriously complicates the problem solution. The relations connecting perturbations for acoustic and entropy modes are analytically established and led to the solvable diagnostic equations. These perturbation structures, found as the equation solutions specify acoustic and entropy modes in an arbitrary stratified gas under the condition of stability. These time-independent diagnostic relations link gas perturbation variables of the acoustic and the entropy modes. Hence, they provide the ability to decompose the total vector of perturbations into acoustic and non-acoustic (entropy) parts uniquely at any instant within the all accessible heights range. As a prospective model, we consider the diagnostics at the height interval [120;180] km, where the equilibrium temperature of a gas depends linearly on the vertical coordinate. For such a heights range it is possible to proceed with analytical expressions for pressure and entropy perturbations of gas variables. Individual profiles of acoustic and entropy parts for some data, obtained by numerical experiment, are illustrated by the plots for the pure numerical data against ones obtained by the model. The total energy of a flow is determined for both approaches and its height profiles are compared.
A Multi-Domain Group-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity, Healthy Nutrition, and Psychological Wellbeing in Older People with Losses in Intrinsic Capacity: AMICOPE Development Study
Authors: Blancafort Alias Sergi , Cuevas-Lara César , Martínez-Velilla Nicolás , Zambom-Ferraresi Fabricio , Soto Maria Eugenia , Tavassoli Neda , Mathieu Céline , Heras Muxella Eva , Garibaldi Pablo , Anglada Maria , Amblàs Jordi , Santaeugènia Sebastià , Contel Segura Joan Carles , Domingo Riau Alex , Salvà Casanovas Antoni
Published: May 2021

The World Health Organization has developed the Integrated Care of Older People (ICOPE) strategy, a program based on the measurement of intrinsic capacity (IC) as “the composite of all physical and mental attributes on which an individual can draw”. Multicomponent interventions appear to be the most effective approach to enhance IC and to prevent frailty and disability, since adapted physical activity is the preventive intervention that has shown most evidence in the treatment of frailty and risk of falls. Our paper describes the development of a multi-domain group-based intervention addressed to older people living in the community, aimed at improving and/or maintaining intrinsic capacity by means of promoting physical activity, healthy nutrition, and psychological wellbeing in older people. The process of intervention development is described following the Guidance for reporting intervention development studies in health research (GUIDED. The result of this study is the AMICOPE intervention (Aptitude Multi-domain group-based intervention to improve and/or maintain IC in Older PEople) built upon the ICOPE framework and described following the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) guidelines. This study represents the first stage of the UK Medical Research Council framework for developing and evaluating a complex intervention. The next step should be carrying out a feasibility study for the AMICOPE intervention, and in a later stage, assessing the effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial.
Trajectory Optimization in Robotic Applications, Survey of Recent Developments
Authors: Almasri Eyad , Uyguroğlu Mustafa Kemal
Published: May 2021

Trajectory Optimization (TO) is the sequence of processes that are considered in order to produce the best path that mends the overall performance or reduces the consumption of the resources where the restriction system remains maintained. In this survey, an inclusive review of the latest advancements in modeling and optimization of trajectory generation in robotic applications will be discussed broadly. In recent times, numerous studies have employed optimal control techniques involving direct and indirect methods in order to convert the authentic Trajectory Optimization problem into a constrained parameter optimization problem. Moreover, a huge variety of optimization algorithms such as Genetic Algorithms (GA), Simulated Annealing (SA), Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are used aiming to find the optimal solutions for trajectory planning. It is observable that, minimizing the jerk, energy consumption, and execution time among the most widely used design objectives, on the other hand, the robot’s joints configurations and the motor torques are the most used design variables. This paper aims to review the fundamental techniques and their coincident robotic applications in the field of trajectory optimization aiming to afford some steering for related researchers.
Genetic Gain for Grain Micronutrients and their Association with Phenology in Historical Wheat Cultivars of Pakistan Released between 1909 and 2018 in Pakistan
Authors: Shoukat Muzaffar , Sun Mengjing , Ali Mohsin , Mahmood Tariq , Naseer Samar , Maqbool Saman , Rehman Shoaib , Mahmood Zahid , Xia Xianchun , Hao Yuanfeng , Rasheed Awais , He Zhonghu
Published: May 2021

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) being a staple food crop is an important nutritional source providing protein and minerals. It is important to fortify staple cereals like wheat with essential minerals to overcome the problems associated with malnutrition. The experiment was designed to evaluate the status of 11 micronutrients including grain iron (GFe) and zinc (GZn) in 62 wheat cultivars released between 1911 and 2016 in Pakistan. Field trials were conducted over two years and GFe and GZn were quantified by both inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometer (EDXRF). The GZn ranged from 18.4 to 40.8 mg/kg by ED-XRF and 23.7 to 38.8 mg/kg by ICP-OES. Similarly, GFe ranged from 24.8 to 44.1 mg/kg by ICP-OES and 26.8 to 36.6 mg/kg by EDEXR. The coefficient of correlation was higher for GZn (r=0.90), compared to GFe (r=0.68). Modern cultivars like Zincol-16 and AAS-2011 showed higher GFe and GZn along with improved yield components. Old wheat cultivars WL-711, C-518 and Pothowar-70 released before 1970 also exhibited higher value of GFe and GZn, however their agronomic performance was poor. Multivariate analysis using ten micronutrients (Al, Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, Na and P) along with agronomic traits, and genome-wide SNP markers identified the potential cultivar with improved yield, biofortification trait and wider genetic diversity. Genetic gain analysis identified significant increase in grain yield (0.4% year-1), while there was negative gain for GFe (-0.11% year-1) and GZn (-0.15% year-1) over the span of 100 years. The Green Revolution Rht-B1 and Rht-D1 genes had strong association with plant height, and grain yield (GY), while semi-dwarfing alleles had negative effect on GFe and GZn contents. This study provided a valuable insight into biofortification status of wheat cultivars deployed historically in Pakistan and is a valuable source to initiate a breeding strategy for simultaneous improvement in wheat phenology and biofortification.
Many-Electron QED with Redefined Vacuum Approach
Authors: Soguel Romain N. , Volotka Andrey V. , Glazov Dmitry A. , Fritzsche Stephan
Published: May 2021

The redefined vacuum approach, which is frequently employed in the many-body perturbation theory, proved to be a powerful tool for formula derivation. Here, we elaborate this approach within the bound-state QED perturbation theory. In addition to general formulation, we consider the particular example of a single particle (electron or vacancy) excitation with respect to the redefined vacuum. Starting with simple one-electron QED diagrams, we deduce first- and second-order many-electron contributions: screened self-energy, screened vacuum polarization, one-photon exchange, and two-photon exchange. The redefined vacuum approach provides a straightforward and streamlined derivation and facilitates its application to any electronic configuration. Moreover, based on the gauge invariance of the one-electron diagrams, we can identify various gauge-invariant subsets within derived many-electron QED contributions.
Research on Anti-Scourability of Slope Eroded Soil
Authors: Chun Liu Xin , Yongde Kang , Na Chen Hong , Hui Lu
Published: May 2021

Purpose - Soil aggregates are of great significance to soil and water conservation and ecological environment construction in arid area of northwest district．Methods - Exploring the effects of different vegetation includes types and land use methods on the stability of soil aggregates in the Loess Plateau, and provide reference for the rational use and management of land, also the improvement of soil structure in the region. Select 9 types of samples of 0-30 cm of typical soil plots as the research objects, compare and analyze the particle size index, stability differences and anti-erodibility of soil aggregates under various vegetation cover. Results - The results show that P value, MWD value, GMD value, D value, and AI value of the 0-10cm surface soil all show the maximum value. As the depth increases, the size distribution of the above index values of each soil sample in the 10-20cm and 20-30cm layers is different; P value in the 0-30cm depth layer is linearly positively correlated with the AI value and MWD value, and linearly negatively correlated with the D value. The correlation coefficient R between each variable is in the range of 0.78-0.97, and the D value reflects the Loess Plateau area stability and erosion resistance of soil aggregates better. GMD and MWD value show an exponential relationship, the correlation coefficient R value of 10-20cm height layer is 0.46; AI and MWD value in 0-10cm, 20-30cm height layer have a power function relationship, 10-20cm height layer has a polynomial function, the correlation coefficient R value is 0.97. The scour coefficient of different soil samples has a high degree of dispersion, the maximum CV value is 1.92, and the minimum value is 0.49. Conclusions - The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the ecological and hydrological benefit evaluation of slope erosion control and vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau.
HVEM is a Novel Immune Checkpoint for Prostate Cancer Immunotherapy in Humanized Mice
Authors: Aubert Nicolas , Brunel Simon , Olive Daniel , Marodon Gilles
Published: May 2021

The Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) delivers a negative signal to T cells mainly through the B and T Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) molecule and thus, could represent a novel immune checkpoint during an anti-tumor immune response. A formal demonstration that HVEM can be targeted for cancer immunotherapy is however still lacking. Here, we first show that HVEM and BTLA were associated to a worse prognosis in patients with prostate adenocarcinomas, indicating a detrimental role for this pair of molecule during prostate cancer progression. We then show that a monoclonal antibody to human HVEM significantly impacted the growth of a prostate cancer cell line in immuno-compromised NOD.SCID.gc-null mice reconstituted with human T cells. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we showed that HVEM expression by the tumor was mandatory to observe the therapeutic effect. Mechanistically, tumor control was dependent on CD8+ T cells and was associated to an increase in the proliferation and number of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes. Accordingly, the expression of genes belonging to various T cell activation pathways were enriched in tumor infiltrating leukocytes, whereas genes associated with immuno-suppressive pathways were decreased, possibly resulting in modifications of leukocyte adhesion and motility. Finally, we developed a simple in vivo assay in humanized mice to directly demonstrate that HVEM was an immune checkpoint for T-cell mediated tumor control. Our results show that targeting HVEM is a promising strategy for prostate cancer immunotherapy.
The Hoverfly and the Wasp: A Critique of the Hallmarks of Aging as a Paradigm
Authors: Gems David , de Magalhães João Pedro
Published: May 2021

With the goal of representing common denominators of aging in different organisms López-Otín et al. in 2013 described nine hallmarks of aging. Since then, this representation has become a major reference point for the biogerontology field. The template for the hallmarks of aging account originated from landmark papers by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000, 2011) defining first six and later ten hallmarks of cancer. Here we assess the strengths and weaknesses of the hallmarks of aging account. As a checklist of diverse major foci of current aging research, it has provided a useful shared overview for biogerontology during a time of transition in the field. It also seems useful in applied biogerontology, to identify interventions (e.g. drugs) that impact multiple symptomatic features of aging. However, while the hallmarks of cancer provide a paradigmatic account of the causes of cancer with profound explanatory power, the hallmarks of aging do not. A worry is that as a non-paradigm the hallmarks of aging have obscured the urgent need to define a genuine paradigm, one that can provide a useful basis for understanding the mechanistic causes of the diverse aging pathologies. We argue that biogerontology must look and move beyond the hallmarks to understand the process of aging.
Fuzzy and Neural Network Approaches to Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Farsoni Saverio , Simani Silvio , Castaldi Paolo
Published: May 2021

The fault diagnosis of safety critical systems such as wind turbine installations includes extremely challenging aspects that motivate the research issues considered in this paper. In fact, the prompt detection and the reliable diagnosis of faults in their earlier occurrence represent the key point especially for offshore installations. For these plants, operation and maintenance procedures in harsh environments would inevitably increase the cost of the energy production. Therefore, this work investigates fault diagnosis solutions that are considered in a viable way and used as advanced techniques for condition monitoring of dynamic processes. To this end, the work proposes the design of fault diagnosis strategies that exploit the estimation of the fault by means of data--driven approaches. This solution leads to the development of effective methods allowing the management of partially unknown information of the system dynamics, while coping with measurement errors, the model--reality mismatch and other disturbance effects. In mode detail, the proposed data--driven methodologies exploit fuzzy systems and neural networks in order to estimate the nonlinear dynamic relations between the input and output measurements of the considered process and the faults. To this end, the fuzzy and neural network structures are integrated with auto--regressive with exogenous input descriptions, thus making them able to approximate unknown nonlinear dynamic functions with arbitrary degree of accuracy. Once these models are estimated from the input and output data measurement acquired from the considered dynamic process, the capabilities of their fault diagnosis capabilities are validated by using a high--fidelity benchmark that simulates the healthy and the faulty behaviour of a wind turbine system. Moreover, at this stage the benchmark is also useful to analyse the robustness and the reliability characteristics of the developed tools in the presence of model--reality mismatch and modelling error effects featured by the wind turbine simulator. On the other hand, a hardware--in--the--loop tool is finally implemented for testing and comparing the performance of the developed fault diagnosis strategies in a more realistic environment and with respect to different fault diagnosis approaches.
The Medial Septum as a Potential Target for Treating Brain Disorders Associated with Oscillopathies
Authors: Takeuchi Yuichi , Nagy Anett , Barcsai Lívia , Li Qun , Ohsawa Masahiro , Mizuseki Kenji , Berényi Antal
Published: May 2021

The medial septum (MS), as part of the basal forebrain, supports many physiological functions, from sensorimotor integration to cognition. With often reciprocal connections with a broad set of peers at all major divisions of the brain, the MS orchestrates oscillatory neuronal activities throughout the brain. These oscillations are critical in generating sensory and emotional salience, locomotion, maintaining mood, supporting innate anxiety, and governing learning and memory. Accumulating evidence points out that the physiological oscillations under septal influence are frequently disrupted or altered in pathological conditions. Therefore, the MS may be a potential target for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders with abnormal oscillations (oscillopathies) to restore healthy patterns or erase undesired ones. Recent studies have revealed that the patterned stimulation of the MS alleviates symptoms of epilepsy. We discuss here that stimulus timing is a critical determinant of treatment efficacy on multiple time scales. On-demand stimulation may dramatically reduce side effects by not interfering with normal physiological functions. A precise pattern-matched stimulation through adaptive timing governed by the ongoing oscillations is essential to effectively terminate pathological oscillations. The time-targeted strategy for the MS stimulation may provide an effective way of treating multiple disorders including Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety/fear, schizophrenia, and depression, as well as pain.
Prevalence of Diagnosis and Treatment Continuity Predictors of New Patients in a Paediatric Psychiatry Clinic
Authors: Lee Ah Rah , Bahn Geon Ho
Published: May 2021

This study analysed trends of first-time patients visiting the paediatric psychiatry clinic in a university hospital. The medical records from 2009 to 2016 of first-time patients visiting the Kyung Hee university hospital were reviewed, focusing on children in grades 1–12. We analysed the prevalence rate of psychiatric disorders per 100,000 general populations by gender and grade, and the characteristics of patients who sought outpatient care more than three times. The study included 1,467 participants, of which 931 were males (63.5%). The number of male patients per 100,000 populations significantly decreased from 4.14 in 2009 to 2.03 in 2016. While hyperkinetic disorders had the highest prevalence in males, neurotic disorders were most frequent in females. Prevalence of disruptive behaviour disorders in males and mental retardations in females decreased significantly during the study period. The factors affecting continuity were being female, studying in grades 7–12, and diagnosis of depressive, hyperkinetic, and tic disorders. Physicians should consider the new paediatric patients’ gender, grade, and expected diagnosis from their first visit to improve treatment compliance.
Characteristics of Organically Grown Compared to Conventionally Grown Potato and the Processed Products: A Review
Authors: Djaman Koffi , Sanogo Soum , Koudahe Komlan , Allen Samuel , Saibou Aminou , Essah Samuel
Published: May 2021

Interest in organic foods is increasing at a moment when humanity is facing a range of health challenges including the concern that some conventionally produced foods may pose possible adverse effects on human and livestock health. With the increasing human population, intensive production is increasingly trending towards high-input systems that aim to close yield gaps, increase crop yields, and develop new crop varieties with higher yield potential and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, all within the context of incorporating specific traits to satisfy consumer demand. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most consumed foods under different cultural diets, however its production faces some challenges related to soilborne diseases, marketable yield and quality, sugars and dry matter content of the produced tubers, tuber content in terms of nitrate, minerals, vitamins, bioactive compounds and antioxidants, and consumer appreciation regarding the sensory characteristics of tubers and processed products. Different studies have been investigating some of these challenges, with sometimes straightforward and sometimes connflicting results. This variability in research results indicates the general non-transferability of the results from one location to another under the same management practices in addition to differences in plant material. This review compares some characteristics of raw or boiled potato and processed products from potato tubers grown organically and conventionally. Ideally, such information may be of benefit in decision making by consumers in their dietary choices, by potato growers in their selection of crop management practices, and by scientists looking at potential areas for future research on potatoes.
A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the COVID-19 Asymptomatic Mass Testing Strategy in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona
Authors: López Seguí Francesc , Estrada Cuxart Oriol , Mitjà i Villar Oriol , Hernández Guillamet Guillem , Prat Gil Núria , Maria Bonet Josep , Isnard Blanchar Mar , Moreno Millan Nemesio , Blanco Guillermo Ignacio , Vilar Capella Marc , Català Sabaté Martí , Aran Solé Anna , Argimon Pallàs Josep Maria , Clotet Bonaventura , Ara del Rey Jordi
Published: May 2021

The epidemiological situation generated by COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of applying non-pharmacological measures. Among these, mass screening of the asymptomatic general population has been established as a priority strategy by carrying out diagnostic tests to limit the spread of the virus. In this article, we aim to evaluate the economic impact of mass COVID-19 screenings of an asymptomatic population through a Cost-Benefit Analysis based on the estimated total costs of mass screening versus health gains and associated health costs avoided. Excluding the value of monetized health, the Benefit-Cost ratio was estimated at approximately 0.45. However, if monetized health is included in the calculation, the ratio is close to 1.20. The monetization of health is the critical element that tips the scales in favour of the desirability of screening. Screenings with the highest return are those that maximize the percentage of positives detected.
Use of Nanomaterials for the Immobilization of Industrially Important Enzymes
Authors: Fatima Zarish
Published: May 2021

Immobilization enables enzymes to be held in place so that they can be easily separated from the product when needed and can be used again. Conventional methods of immobilization include adsorption, encapsulation, entrapment, cross linking and covalent binding. However, conventional methods have several drawbacks including reduced stability, loss of biomolecules, less enzyme loading or activity and limited diffusion. The aim of this study is the evaluation of importance of nanomaterials for the immobilization of industrially important enzymes. Nano materials are now in trend for the immobilization of different enzymes due to their physiochemical properties. Gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, nano diamonds, graphene, carbon nanotubes and others are used for immobilization. Among covalent and non-covalent immobilization of enzymes involving both single and multiwalled carbon nanotubes, non-covalent immobilization with functionalized carbon nanotubes is superior. Therefore, enzymes immobilized with nanomaterials possess greater stability, retention of catalytic activity and reusability of enzymes
Recent Advances in PGPR and Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Drought Stress Tolerance
Authors: Sati Diksha , Pande Veni , Pandey Satish Chandra , Samant Mukesh
Published: May 2021

Increased severity of droughts, due to anthropogenic activities and global warming has imposed a severe threat on agricultural productivity ever before. This has further advanced the need for some eco-friendly approaches to ensure global food security. In this regard, application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can be beneficial. PGPR through various mechanisms viz. osmotic adjustments, increased antioxidant, phytohormone production, regulating stomatal conductivity, increased nutrient uptake, releasing Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and Exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production, etc not only ensures the plant’s survival during drought but also augment its growth. This review, extensively discusses the various mechanisms of PGPR in drought stress tolerance. We have also summarized the recent molecular and omics-based approaches for elucidating the role of drought responsive genes. The manuscript presents an in-depth mechanistic approach to combat the drought stress and also deals with designing PGPR based bioinoculants. Lastly, we present a possible sequence of steps for increasing the success rate of bioinoculants.
STATISTICAL SIMULATION AND TIME MANAGEMENT IN PROJECTS WITH TURBULENT ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Lub Pavlo , Sharybura Andriy , Ptashnyk Vadym , Pukas Vitaliy , Shelest Tetyana
Published: May 2021

The peculiarities of the influence of turbulent projects environment on the start-up time and duration of works in sugar beet harvesting projects are revealed. In particular, the influence of two probabilistic components of the project environment is considered – agrometeorological and subject-biological. It is shown how the use of the Monte Carlo method (statistical simulation) allows to take into account the combined influence of uncontrolled and stochastic components of the turbulent projects environment on the timeliness of work in projects and the effectiveness of their implementation. The main indicators that should be taken into account in the statistical simulation model of projects are revealed to establish the characteristics of the natural start time of projects and duration of work, as well as to determine their timeliness. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the use of statistical simulation methods allows to perform multiple implementations (iterations) of the virtual project model. On this basis, the turbulence of the project environment and its impact on the work timeliness are reproduced and performance indicators of relevant projects. The results of computer experiments with a statistical simulation model on the influence of turbulent design environment on the timing of work in projects are processed and summarized. Distributions of naturally determined start-up time of sugar beet harvesting projects with different planned duration of works have been established. Differential functions of distribution and estimation of statistical characteristics of naturally determined start-up time of sugar beet harvesting projects are given. Integral dependences of distribution of naturally caused start-up time of projects on various planned duration of their implementation are constructed. The dependence of estimates of the mathematical expectation of the naturally determined start-up time of sugar beet harvesting projects on the planned duration of their implementation is established. The urgency of the task and the practical possibility of creating methods and models for time management in harvesting projects, and thus the development of automated decision support systems to improve the efficiency of these projects management.
FORMATION OF TIME PARAMETERS OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF AN ECOLOGY SYSTEM PROJECT
Authors: Kovtun Tatiana
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the features of  the life cycle of an ecological system project, the functioning of which is based on the principles of circular economy as a modern economic model that allows achieving the goals of sustainable development. The relevance of the presented research is confirmed by the need to take into account the eco-destructive impact on the environment in the implementation of economic activities, since the technogenic linear type of economy created over the past centuries has led to an environmental crisis and turned out to be unable to ensure balanced civilizational development without damage to the environment. The issues of the structure of the life cycle of an ecological system project are considered, which takes into account the ecological orientation of this type of projects. It is proposed to include five phases in the life cycle of an ecological system project: pre-investment, investment, operational, regenerative and revitalization, which are divided into stages during which the intermediate result of the project is created. Using the tools of category theory, a graphical model of the project life cycle was created, in which successive and overlapping links are established between phases. The links between the stages of the life cycle are analyzed, represented by objects (domains and codomains) and morphisms (sequential and parallel, incoming and outgoing) of the category «Life Cycle of an Ecological System Project». The relationship between the duration of stages of the same or different phases of the project life cycle has been determined. The time parameters of the phases, stages and time intervals of the project life cycle have been determined. A mathematical model of the life cycle of an ecological system project is presented for two options for determining the duration of the life cycle: strictly and loosely defined. A compensation mechanism has been proposed to stabilize the life cycle duration in the case of its strict definition, which provides for the adjustment of the duration of codomains in certain morphisms of the category.
Text Interpretation Framework Based on the Core Competence of English Subject
Authors: Liu Yanchan , Qin Yucheng , Xie Jiacheng
Published: May 2021

The English Curriculum Criteria for Regular High School (2017 Edition) proposes the concept of core competence for English subject, which mainly includes language competence, cultural awareness, thinking quality and learning ability. Text interpretation is the bridge to implement the cultivation of students’ core competence. Therefore, following an analysis of the current misunderstandings in text interpretation, the current study proposed a modified framework for text interpretation based on a discussion of two text interpretation frameworks proposed by Chinese scholars.
A Novel Approach To Predict Gas Flow in Entire Knudsen Number Regime through Nanochannels with Various Geometries
Authors: Pang Yu , Fan Dian , Chen Shengnan
Published: May 2021

Various unified gas flow (UGF) and apparent permeability models have been proposed to characterize the complex gas transport mechanisms in shale formations. However, such models are typically expressed as combinations of multiple gas flow mechanisms so that they cannot predict gas velocity profile. In this study, we develop a novel approach to predict the gas velocity profile in the entire Knudsen number (Kn) regime for circular and noncircular (i.e., square, rectangular, triangular and elliptical) nanochannels and investigate the effects of cross-sectional geometry on gas transport in nanochannels. To this end, a new UGF model is proposed to describe the gas flow behaviors in the entire Kn regime, considering the effects of gas slippage, bulk diffusion, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, and cross-sectional geometry of flow channel. In addition, the boundary condition of the semianalytical second-order slip model applicable to various cross-sectional geometries is modified by adjusting the slip coefficients through the comparison between the proposed UGF model and the Navier-Stokes (N-S) equation with second-order slip boundary condition. As a result, the velocity profile of free gas in the entire Kn regime for the nanochannel with a specific cross section can be determined by solving the second-order slip model with adjusted slip coefficients via the finite element method. The results indicate that the geometry of the cross section has a significant influence on the mass flow rate and gas velocity profile in nanochannels. The predicted mass flow rates for the nanochannels with identical hydraulic diameter decrease with the cross-sectional geometry in the sequence as ellipse > equilateral triangle > rectangle > square > circle. However, the ranking of velocity profiles for such nanochannels, which is governed by the cross-sectional geometry, also varies with Kn. These findings indicate that the developed approach can predict the synergetic gas transport (i.e., gas slippage, bulk diffusion, Knudsen diffusion, and surface diffusion) and gas velocity profile in nanochannels with different cross-sectional geometries for a wide range of Kn, which gives insight into the characterization of gas flow behaviors in nanoporous shale.
Increasing Treatment Lifetime through Sustained Release of Scale Inhibitor from Scale Inhibitor Nanoparticles
Authors: Guan Huili , Lim Austin , Hernandez Joshua , Liang Jenn-Tai
Published: May 2021

Scale can cause flow assurance issues because of damage to the near-wellbore region and in production facilities. Scale inhibitors are often used to help mitigate these problems. The main focus of this proof-of-concept study is to examine the ability of a newly developed crosslinked nanosized scale inhibitor (NSI) particle to inhibit scale formation through sustained release of scale inhibitor into a model brine and increase scale inhibitor treatment lifetime. Results from minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) measurements showed that, at 95°C, the MIC decreased gradually from 10 ppm at day 0 to 5 ppm after 9 days and eventually reached a very low MIC of 2 ppm after 49 days. These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that the sustained release of linear scale inhibitor from the NSI would result in a decrease in MIC over time caused by an increased amount of linear scale inhibitor being released into the model brine. Also, attaching 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic functional group (AMPS) to NSI successfully inhibits the pseudoscale formation when the scale inhibitor comes into contact with the calcium and magnesium in the model brine. Results from sandpack floods showed that NSI increased the treatment lifetime from 3 pore volumes (PV) postflush throughput, for the traditional scale inhibitor, to 35 to 105 PV postflush throughput. These results support our hypothesis that sustained release of the trapped NSI nanoparticles can improve the treatment lifetime.
Impact of the myosin heavy chain 9 gene single nucleotide polymorphism on inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: badr eman , Al-Aliem Ahmed Ezz El-Arab Abd , El-Shayeb Elsayed Ibrahem , Taman Ahmed Megahed Ahmed , Gadallah Abd El-naser Abd El-atty
Published: May 2021

Background

To date, the cause of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a mystery. A balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis maintains intestinal tissue homeostasis. Dissociation-induced myosin-actin contraction results in stem cell apoptosis. This study aiming to evaluate the influence of the myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on inflammatory bowel disease.
Subjects and methods:

The study carried on eighty patients with IBD and seventy controls. All participants subjected to history taking, thorough physical examination examination, colonoscopy and laboratory investigations. Genotyping performed for rs3752462 and rs4821480 by SNP assay real-time PCR methods.
Results

On analyzing rs4821480, The TG and GG genotypes have significant increased distribution among the IBD patients as compared to the controls with 5.3 fold increase in the risk of IBD and higher prevalence of GG genotype in patients with low hemoglobin level and higher BMI. While on analyzing rs3753462 CT and TT genotypes were significantly more frequent in the in the IBD patients as compared to the controls with 4.6 fold increase in the risk of IBD.
Conclusion

The allele G of rs4821480 and T of rs3753462 of MYH9 gene associated with more susceptibility to IBD.
Feeding habits of five dominant fish species from Matang Mangrove Estuaries, Malaysia based on stomach contents and stable isotope analyses
Authors: Azim M. K. Mohd , Amin S. M. Nurul , Mazumder D. , Arshad A. , Yusoff F. M. , Saintilan N.
Published: May 2021

The centres of mangrove biodiversity and productivity have been under-represented in studies of fish diet and habitat utilization, particularly in relation to environmental changes between wet and dry seasons. Feeding habits of five dominant fish species (Thryssa kammalensis, Ambassis gymnocephalus, Escualosa thoracata, Stolephorus baganensis and Johnius belangerii) were investigated from two sites in the Matang Mangrove ecosystem, Perak Malaysia, with sampling encompassing both wet and dry seasons. The stomach fullness of the fish was on average significantly higher in the wet season (48%) than in the dry season (32%) with isopods and copepods forming a more important component of the fish diet during the wet season than the dry season. The stomach contents of each species were, on average: T. kammalensis {(Animal based (A) = 50.11%, Plant based (P) = 38.24%)}, A. gymnocephalus (A = 50.35%, P = 37.99%), E. thoracata (A = 42.09%, P = 44.4%), S. baganensis (A = 38.17%, P = 46.55%) and J. belangerri (A = 25.35%, P = 58.86%). Therefore, all five fish species can be considered omnivorous. The similarity among diets varied from 60-80% during the wet and dry season. During the dry season, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of the samples had less variation, indicating narrow dietary sources compared to the wet season where the distribution of their isotopic values was larger. Seasons should be considered for planning mangrove management, as results of this study found contracted trophic breadth for commercially valuable fish in the dry season.
Fair National Greenhouse Gas Reduction Targets Under Multiple Equity Perspectives - A Synthesis Framework
Authors: Ganti Gaurav , Geiges Andreas , Jeffery Louise , Fekete Hanna , Gidden Matthew J. , Schaeffer Michiel , Hare Bill , Höhne Niklas
Published: May 2021

Equity is one of the key principles underpinning the global climate regime and is all the more essential given the heterogenous, self-differentiated nature of the Paris Agreement. The scientific community has proposed several effort-sharing schemes to operationalise equity – reflecting not only the multi-faceted nature of the problem but also a long history of disagreement that continues to date. We outline a synthesis framework that draws on existing estimates in the literature to develop a “fair share range” for each country within which we identify a common position, which, when applied to the ranges of all countries, results in the collective achievement of the desired temperature goal. A series of methodological choices regarding the treatment of the underlying literature and translation into a temperature equivalence are tested. We demonstrate the consistency of this framework (across different methodological choices) with the principle of “Common but Differentiated Responsibilities” – members of the OECD have the most stringent allocations, while only a few African and Asian countries (including India) have emission allocations that are above their 2010 emission levels. A few OECD members, including the European Union and Great Britain, have emission allocations in 2030 that are either close to, or less than zero. Consistency with their fair share of mitigation will require them to provide appropriate levels of international finance and support to facilitate emission reductions in developing countries. These conclusions are robust to various methodological choices.
Osteoid Osteoma Intracanalis of the Cervical Spine : a rare case
Authors: Ibrahim Sabri , Tandean Steven , Irsyad Muhammad Ari , Lizen Nindi
Published: May 2021

BackgroundOsteoid osteoma is benign, accounted for 10–40% of spine tumours, Majority occurred in the lumbar spine which occurred in 59%, in spine frequently located in lamina, pedicles, or the transverse and spinous process. Pain is the most common symptoms, classically almost present at night and may awaken the patients. Imaging with CT scan may reveal a focal dense lesion with sclerotic reactive bone, and calcification may appeared. On MRI it may not be as specific as CT. CT guided radiofrequency ablation was safe and effective in spinal osteoid osteoma, but with proximity to neurological structures may not indicated in this group of patientsCase PresentationFemale 61 years old, came to our emergency department with chief complaint of weakness of lower extremities. This has occurred for 5 years and worsening every year. History of neck pain was found. Patient also complained about numbness in both hand and foot for the last 5 years. On physical examination, hyporeflex was found in lower extremities, with motoric of 2 and motoric of 4 in the hand. Sensation was normal in patient. Laminectomy was done on C7/T1, after laminectomy, the flavum ligament was still present, after resecting the ligament, the compact bone in vertebral canal compressing the spinal cord contralaterally, resulting thinning of spinal cord. Using high speed drill, the bone was drilled slowly until reaching the posterior corpus vertebrae.DiscussionOsteoid osteoma comprised of 10–12% total spinal tumour with cell origin of osteoblast and occurred in 1st and 2nd decade of life, occurred mostly in lumbar and predominant in female. Osteoid osteoma comprised of 10–12% total spinal tumour with cell origin of osteoblast and occurred in 1st and 2nd decade of life and occurance is mostly present in lumbar, cervical and dominantly arising from posterior elements. Surgery is the preferred in patients with no recurrency and low remission of symptoms.ConclusionOsteoid osteoma is a benign case of spinal tumour and occurance is also low in all spinal tumor. Radiculopathy is the most common symptoms nonetheless neurological deficit is rarely present. Patients may respond well after surgery with no complication found.