bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P‐58  Three cases of pathological dermal deposits associated with internal diseases in dogs (xanthomatosis, calcinosis and amyloidosis)
Authors: Muller A. , Guaguere E. , Degorce‐Rubiales F.
Published: August 2004

Pathological dermal deposits include amyloidosis, calcinosis, mucinosis and xanthomatosis, and are especially rare in dogs. We observed three cases associated with internal diseases. The first case was a cutaneous xanthomatosis associated with pancreatitis in a 10‐year‐old poodle. Abdominal pain, vomiting and hemorrhagic diarrhoea were observed in addition to yellowish papules on the abdomen. Skin biopsies showed a granulomatous inflammation with foamy macrophages. Pancreatitis was confirmed by increased serum levels of amylase and lipase and by ultrasonography. In spite of intensive care, death occurred 12 h after admission. The second case was a cutaneous calcinosis associated with multiple congenital urinary malformations in a 6‐month‐old Brittany spaniel (metastatic calcinosis). Retarded growth and pale mucosae were present with erythematous erosive and ulcerated papules and plaques on the face, abdomen and limbs. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies showed a macrophagic granulomatous reaction around calcium deposits. Blood work revealed anaemia, uraemia, elevated creatinine, hyperphosphatemia and hypercalcaemia. Cystography demonstrated a patent urachus. The dog was euthanized and necropsy revealed bilateral hydronephrosis, nephrocalcinosis, megaureters, a patent urachus and calcified bladder. The third case was a cutaneous and systemic amyloidosis in a 5‐year‐old Siberian husky. Dermal papules, purpuric macules, ulcers and cutaneous fragility were present on the trunk. Histopathological examination of skin biopsies showed multiple dermal accumulations of amorphous eosinophilic material, which was congophilic and gave a characteristic green birefringence under polarized light. The owner refused treatment. The dog died one year later of pulmonary thrombosis and renal failure (renal amyloidosis).

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐59  Three cases of opportunistic dermatoses associated with internal diseases in cats
Authors: Muller A. , Guaguere E. , Degorce‐Rubiales F. , Bourdoiseau G.
Published: August 2004

Opportunistic dermatoses can occur in case of immunosuppressive diseases. The first case was a 12‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat suffering from diabetes with a phaeohyphomycosis due to Scytalidium spp.associated with cutaneous hemangiosarcoma. A painless and ulcerated nodule was observed on a digit with fistulous tracts over the metatarsal joint. Histopathological examination of the nodule revealed a hemangiosarcoma in which brownish fungal colonies were found. Itraconazole (5 mg/kg twice daily), then amputation, allowed 12 months of survival (pulmonary metastases). The second case concerned a 13‐year‐old Siamese cat with cheyletiellosisassociated with spontaneous Cushing's disease and diabetes mellitus. This cat exhibited scales and miliary dermatitis on the trunk associated with polyuria, polydipsia and a pot‐belly. Acetate tape impression showed Cheyletiella blakei mites and eggs. Blood analysis revealed diabetes mellitus and spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism. The owner refused treatment. The third case was a 14‐year‐old domestic short‐haired cat with generalized demodicosis associated with iatrogenic Cushing's disease and diabetes mellitus. Long‐acting glucocorticoids had been used for treatment of plasma cell stomatitis for 5 years. This cat exhibited erythema, scales, self‐induced alopecia, thin skin and moderate pruritus associated with polyuria and polydipsia. Cutaneous lesions principally developed on the abdomen and flanks. Skin scrapings and trichogram showed numerous Demodex cati mites. Routine blood work demonstrated diabetes mellitus and iatrogenic Cushing's disease. Treatment was based on insulin therapy, milbemycin oxime (1 mg/kg once daily) and chlorambucil (0.2 mg/kg once daily). The demodicosis was cured after 4 months, but the cat died of cutaneous and ocular herpesvirus infection 10 months later.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐6  Double‐blinded comparative study of the efficacy of azithromycin and cephalexin in canine pyoderma
Authors: Blanco A. D. , Wolberg A.
Published: August 2004

A double‐blinded randomized, controlled study was carried out with the objective to evaluate the comparative efficacy of two antibiotics (azithromycin and cephalexin) in dogs with superficial pyoderma. Thirty‐seven dogs with clinical signs of superficial pyoderma were included in the study. The diagnosis of superficial pyoderma was based on history, clinical signs and cytology. The presence of underlying diseases was investigated through complementary diagnostic methods after clinical resolution of the pyoderma. Animals were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: cephalexin 30 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days, or azithromycin 20 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days. Response to therapy was considered to be satisfactory if complete recovery was achieved by day 14 of treatment. The effects of the two treatments were compared using the chi‐square test. Twenty dogs received cephalexin and 17 received azithromycin. Nineteen of 20 dogs treated with cephalexin achieved complete recovery on day 14, with no side effects reported. Ten of 17 dogs treated with azithromycin achieved complete recovery on day 14, but therapy was discontinued in one dog because of vomiting. Cephalexin was significantly more effective than azithromycin (P = 0.0077). Azithromycin may be a therapeutic alternative in those patients in which cephalexin cannot be used.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐60  Hypercalcaemia associated with disseminated Lagenidium spp. infection in a dog: case report
Authors: Nett C. S. , Grooters A. M. , Leblanc C. J. , Ramirez S. , Lomax L. G.
Published: August 2004

Oomycetes such as Pythium insidiosum are soil‐ or water‐dwelling organisms that belong to the Kingdom Stramenopila. Recently, a member of the genus Lagenidium has been recognized as a second canine pathogen in the class Oomycetes, causing multifocal ulcerative cutaneous lesions, subcutaneous pyogranulomatous nodules and draining tracts, often with dissemination to lymph nodes and abdominal great vessels. This report describes the clinical, cytologic and pathologic features of Lagenidium spp. infection associated with hypercalcaemia in a dog. A 1.5‐year‐old female border collie was referred for evaluation of progressive ulcerative skin lesions. Physical examination revealed pyrexia, generalized lymphadenopathy and multiple draining tracts, nodules and ulcers with eschars involving the distal aspect of all four limbs. Serum biochemical analysis revealed hyperglobulinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia and hypercalcaemia. Cytologic evaluation of fine‐needle aspirates from lymph nodes and cutaneous lesions revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation surrounding multiple poorly staining broad (14–21 μm) hyphae. These right‐angle branching hyphae were infrequently septate with irregular nonparallel walls. Thoracic radiography was normal. Abdominal ultrasonography showed no great vessel involvement. Euthanasia was elected, and necropsy revealed severe pyogranulomatous dermatitis and lymphadenitis involving the prescapular, popliteal, superficial inguinal, gastric, lumbar and external iliac lymph nodes. Histologically, all lesions were characterized by severe pyogranulomatous inflammation centred around broad, poorly septate hyphae. Parathyroid glands were histologically normal. Granulomatous disease associated with oomycosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis for hypercalcemia in canine patients with subcutaneous nodules or ulcerative dermatopathy associated with lymphadenopathy.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐61  Bilateral ear canal neoplasia in three dogs
Authors: Zur G.
Published: August 2004

Bilateral ear canal infections are common in dogs. They are caused by different predisposing factors, such as allergies, keratinization disorders and conformation abnormalities. Ear canal neoplasia is usually associated with unilateral disease. To the best of the author's knowledge, bilateral aural neoplasia has not been reported in dogs, and only four case reports were found in the human literature. This report presents three dogs that had bilateral tumours in their ear canals. They were presented with bilateral otitis externa. All three dogs exhibited proliferation of both ear canals that did not respond to glucocorticoids. Treatment consisted of total ear canal ablation and tissues were submitted for histopathologic evaluation. Case 1 (10‐year‐old male cocker spaniel) was diagnosed with cerumenous gland carcinoma. Cases 2 and 3 were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma. Case 1 was diagnosed 3 years earlier as having a keratinization disorder responsible for the chronic ear disease. Case 2 (5‐year‐old female French bulldog) was diagnosed 4 years earlier with atopic dermatitis, which did not respond to hyposensitization and only partially responded to glucocorticoid therapy. Case 3 (9‐year‐old male German shepherd) was diagnosed 2 months earlier with unilateral ear canal proliferation; however, otoscopic examination showed bilateral proliferation that obstructed both canals. In summary, bilateral ear canal neoplasia should be considered in cases of nonreponsive, proliferative aural pathology.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐62  Dermal and subcutaneous extraskeletal osteosarcomas in eight dogs, two cats, and one ferret
Authors: Berrocal A.
Published: August 2004

Osteosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. It is the most frequent primary bone tumour in dogs, accounting for nearly 80–85% of all reported long bone appendicular osteosarcomas. Conversely, in cats and other species, osteosarcoma is rare at any site. Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (EOS) is a malignant, osteoid‐producing neoplasm without primary periosteal or bone involvement. These tumours have been described less frequently and occur mainly in the mammary glands of female dogs. Case material was obtained from biopsy records of the Pathology Service at the Veterinary School, Universidad Nacional. The diagnosis of these tumours was based on the absence of clinical, radiological, or pathological evidence of primary bone or glandular involvement. Samples were processed for histopathological examination and stained with H&E. In two cases, immunohistochemistry was performed. Eleven cases were diagnosed with EOS located in two histological locations. The dermal group consisted of three female dogs (two Rottweillers and one Fila Brasileiro), one male German shepherd (mean age of dogs: 5.5 years), two female cats (mixed‐breed and Siamese) of 5 and 11 years of age, respectively, and one 4‐year‐old female ferret. The subcutaneous group consisted of four dogs, two female pit bull terriers and two male dogs (boxer and mixed‐breed), with a mean age of 5 years. The subcutaneous EOS tumours were more aggressive. Three dogs were euthanized due to lung metastasis and the remaining dog was lost to follow‐up.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐63. Canine cutaneous mastocytoma: correlation between histological grading, cytological nuclear area and nucleus:cytoplasm ratio
Authors: Militaru M. , Ciobotaru E. , Dinescu A. , Diaconescu A. , Ionascu I.
Published: August 2004

Cutaneous mastocytoma is frequently diagnosed in dogs, representing 9–21% of skin tumors. Due to the unpredictable behavior of the tumor, a majority of clinicians consider it dangerous, with a 50% rate of recurrence and 50% of tumors being malignant. Seventeen dogs of various breeds were diagnosed with mastocytoma, inflammation rich in mast cells and tumors infiltrated with mast cells (canine cutaneous histiocytoma). Fine needle biopsies were performed, and smears were stained with May–Grunwald–Giemsa. Histological sections were stained with trichromic Masson and Luna stains. Nuclear areas and nucleus:cytoplasm ratios were determined using computed morphometry. Measurements were made only from smears. The values were statistically interpreted using Student's t‐test. According to histological features, four morphological grades were established: Grade 1 (well differentiated), Grades 2 and 3 (intermediary) and Grade 4 (anaplastic). Nuclear area values ranged from 5147 (±427) to 5847 (±169) pixels in Grade 1 mastocytoma, 4563 (±318) to 6619 (±289) pixels in Grades 2 and 3, and 6864 (±257) to 10456 (±773) pixels in Grade 4. Nucleus:cytoplasm ratios were between 0.37 and 0.44 (mean 0.40) in Grade 1, between 0.42 and 0.43 (mean 0.42) in Grades 2 and 3, and between 0.37 – 0.56 (mean 0.46) in Grade 4. Normal mast cells have a nucleus:cytoplasm ratio of 0.27. The variability of nuclear area values does not allow correlation with the histological grading of mastocytomas; therefore, prognosis cannot be estimated by nuclear area values. The average nucleus:cytoplasm ratio increased from Grade 1 through Grade 4 and correlated with the histological grading of canine mastocytomas.

Funding: Self‐funded
P‐64  Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma in a dog: treatment with oral pentoxifylline
Authors: Manigot G. A.
Published: August 2004

A 9‐year‐old intact female Shih Tzu‐mix dog with a generalized form of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma with vasculitis lesions was treated with oral pentoxifylline (200 mg twice daily) after failure to control the process with prednisone (2 mg/kg). The dog showed signs of internal lymph node involvement and hepatic invasion. Lesions included all three typically described stages at the same time with a 1‐year period of a highly pruritic erythematous dermatitis. At the time of consultation, the dog showed erythroderma, mild scaling, ulcerated nodules, crusted plaques, hypopigmentation of the planum nasale, lips and eyelids, and vasculitis of the footpads. Biopsy samples and cytology were diagnostic for cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma. Therapy consisted of prednisolone at a dosage of 2 mg/kg, but it failed to control the progression of the disease. Vasculitis lesions increased in number and area, thus pentoxifylline (200 mg twice daily) was administered. The use of pentoxifylline resulted in a marked improvement of the skin condition, decreasing the erythroderma, healing the vasculitis lesions and controlling the pruritus. The dog died 2 months after the initial clinical, cytological and histopathological diagnosis, because of respiratory complications. More research needs to be done on dogs with terminal cases of cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma that fail to be controlled with the usual therapy. Those dogs might benefit from the use of pentoxifylline.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐65  Canine cutaneous histiocytoma: morphology and morphometry
Authors: Ciobotaru E. , Militaru M. , Soare T. , Mocanu J. , Bartoiu A.
Published: August 2004

Canine cutaneous histiocytoma is a common tumor of young dogs. Nodules are single or multiple, alopecic and well demarcated. We studied 15 young dogs with cutaneous histiocytoma. Cutaneous nodules were cytologically and histologically investigated using routine techniques. The subject for morphometry was the nuclear area of histiocytes. The figures were statistically interpreted (Student's t‐test). Cytologically, histiocytes represented the largest population, being large‐sized cells. The nucleus:cytoplasm ratio was large with oval or bean‐shaped nuclei and a fine arrangement of chromatin. The cytoplasm was discrete and basophilic, or abundant and foamy. Five regressive stages were histologically described. Stage 1 was represented by dermal and hypodermal histiocyte proliferation, covered by an intact, uninfiltrated and atrophic epidermis. Epidermal ulcers and necrotizing foci with neutrophilic, lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltrations occurred in Stages 2, 3 and 4. Stage 5 looked like a chronic dermatitis. In Stage 1, the nuclear area was the smallest (4615 ± 62 pixels) with a small coefficient of variation (14.28%), proving a homogeneous population. Stage 2 histiocytes had a larger and more heterogeneous nuclear area (6116 ± 130 pixels) with a 21.12% coefficient of variation. In Stage 3, the average nuclear area (6431 ± 115 pixels) was larger than that for Stage 2 and had a 19.18% coefficient of variation. There were no significant differences between the nuclear areas of histiocytes from Stages 2 and 3; however, significant differences occurred between Stages 1 and 2, and between Stages 1 and 3.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐66  Disseminated histiocytic sarcoma in a dog receiving long‐term immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Kawabata A. , Aoki‐Ota M. , Sekiguchi M. , Momoi Y. , Iwaski T.
Published: August 2004

A 4‐year‐old female Labrador retriever that had been receiving prednisolone for over 8 months because of severe pruritus developed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome and was referred to our hospital. After complete withdrawal of prednisolone, atopic dermatitis was diagnosed, based on clinical signs, history, an elimination diet test and an intradermal test. Immunotherapy was started, but it was discontinued 3 months later due to lack of improvement. Several drugs, including prednisolone and cyclosporine, were used in an attempt to control the pruritus, and amitriptyline was added for psychogenic treatment. When the dog was 5.5 years old, dome‐shaped and nonpainful nodules were detected on the digits, neck and shoulder. Three months after the first nodule was detected, nodules had developed all over the body, and most were ulcerated. The nodules were examined histopathologically and the diagnosis was disseminated histiocytic sarcoma. As disseminated histiocytic sarcoma has a reportedly poor prognosis, only antibiotic therapy in addition to continuous amitriptyline and prednisolone administration was pursued. The dog died 6 months after the first nodule was detected. The dog received immunosuppressive agents long‐term to control severe pruritus due to atopic dermatitis. There is a possibility that a long‐term immunocompromised state may lead to the development of neoplasms, such as disseminated histiocytic sarcoma.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐67  Characteristics of the 10 most frequent feline skin disease conditions seen in the dermatology clinic at the National Veterinary School of Nantes
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Fer G.
Published: August 2004

Few studies have presented general epidemiologic data in veterinary dermatology. The aim of this study was to analyse feline dermatological cases seen at the National Veterinary School of Nantes. Animals presented to the clinics are systematically examined with a protocol that allows validation in a computerized system. Seventy prospective codified parameters are collected at each visit (habitat, nutrition, lesions and localisation, laboratory procedures, hypothesis/diagnosis). The final diagnosis in dermatology may combine several causes or diseases. The study included 783 cases seen from January 1992 to January 1997. The following results indicate the frequency of primary diagnosis and frequency of association or suspicion, respectively. The ten most frequent dermatoses were: flea infestations (24.1/33.3%), flea bite hypersensitivity (22.3/42.9%), dermatophytoses (9.9/26.2%), Otodectes (11.5/19%), food allergy (2.8/25.2%), miscellaneous hypersensitivities (2.8/10%), atopy (2.4/22.4%), miscellaneous external otitis (2.4/5.6%), superficial pyodermas (1.4/4.7%), and psychogenic alopecia (1.3/4.7%). In total, flea‐associated problems were identified as the primary cause in 46.5% of cases and hypothesized to be associated in 29% of other cases. Feline miliary dermatitis syndrome was seen in 158 cats (20.2%), feline eosinophilic granuloma complex in 76 cats (9.2%), and extensive alopecia in 58 cats (7.4%).

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐68  The role of cytological and histopathological examination in small animal dermatology
Authors: Tarpataki N. , Csébi P. , Pápa K. , Perge E. , Vajdovich P. , Vörös K.
Published: August 2004

Two clinical laboratory diagnostic methods, cytology and histology, were introduced in practice, and the conditions, circumstances and advantages of their application were defined. Samples were obtained by skin biopsy (n = 35) and cytological sampling techniques (n = 33) from 41 dogs and four cats with skin disease. Cases were grouped into three categories: allergic dermatitis, fungal and parasitic skin diseases, and other skin diseases (including endocrinopathies, autoimmune, neoplastic, congenital, hereditary and infrequent skin disease). In each category, histological findings were evaluated for their information and their role in achieving the clinical diagnosis. We grouped the results of the histological examination into three groups: (1) essential to make the diagnosis and gave the final diagnosis; (2) not essential, but was a confirmation, and gave only the causal category; and (3) only a histological diagnosis without causal category. Results proved that histological diagnoses alone helped significantly in reducing the numbers of differential diagnoses in fungal and parasitic, and other skin diseases. The histological diagnoses were significantly more important in determining the final diagnosis in cases of other skin diseases compared to the allergic dermatitis (P < 0.001) and infectious (fungal and parasitic) (P < 0.01) skin problems. Cytological examination provided significantly less information (P < 0.01) compared to the histological results in the group of other skin diseases, but there was no significant difference between the informative values of both methods comparing all cases. Significance, usefulness and necessity of histopathological and cytological methods applied in the clinical practice were justified in this study.

Funding: IAMS Company.
P‐69  Efficacy of cyclosporin in the treatment of feline urticaria pigmentosa: two cases
Authors: Guaguere E. , Fontaine J.
Published: August 2004

This report describes the use of cyclosporin in two cats with feline urticaria pigmentosa. A 20‐month‐old Sphinx female and a 6‐month‐old neutered Devon Rex male were referred with multiple erythematous macules and papules on the face, trunk and limbs. Some papules became progressively darker. Pruritus was severe in both cases. Histopathological examination of lesional biopsies showed a moderate to marked perivascular to diffuse infiltrate in the superficial and deep dermis. This infiltrate was comprised mainly of a homogeneous population of well‐differentiated mast cells. The cats were treated with cyclosporin at 7.5 mg/kg orally once daily 2 h before meals. Within 4 weeks, there was on average 75% reduction in the initial lesions and pruritus. The treatment was discontinued for another 4 weeks. Cutaneous lesions were stabilized. Pruritus was mild. Thereafter, cyclosporin was continued on an alternate day regimen for 4 weeks and then every 3 days for another month. No adverse effects were noted. Cyclosporin was effective in the treatment of feline urticaria pigmentosa.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐7  Treatment of canine acne with doxycycline: an open trial
Authors: Bensignor E. , Guaguere E.
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to determine whether doxycycline (Ronaxan) decreased the severity of localized lesions of canine acne. Dogs were enrolled if they exhibited skin lesions localized to the chin compatible with canine acne, and if cytological smears showed a bacterial invasion and bacteriological samples grew Staphylococcus intermedius colonies. Demodicosis and dermatophytosis were excluded by skin scrapings and fungal culture, respectively. Lesions (erythema, lichenification, papules, pustules and excoriations) were graded with a quantitative 4‐point scale (maximal total score 15). Extent of lesion was also estimated. Pruritus was graded on a 4‐point scale. Scores were given at the time of inclusion and at day 30 after treatment with doxycycline 10 mg/kg once daily. Twelve dogs (10 males and two females) representing seven breeds were included. Good improvement of both lesional (9.4 before treatment and 2.3 after treatment) and extent scores (43% before treatment and 8% after treatment) was achieved. Pruritus was also markedly improved from 2.08 before treatment to 0.42 after treatment. One dog was not significantly improved after 1 month. Results of this trial suggest that doxycyline is useful for reducing the severity of localized skin lesions of canine acne.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐70  Idiopathic facial dermatitis of the Persian cat: three cases controlled with cyclosporine
Authors: Fontaine J. , Heimann M.
Published: August 2004

Facial dermatitis in cats is a poorly understood clinical problem observed in Persian and Himalayan cats. This report describes three cases of idiopathic facial dermatitis in the Persian cat controlled with cyclosporine. The syndrome was observed in a 5‐year‐old intact female, a 1.5‐year‐old intact male, and a 3‐year‐old neutered male Persian cat. The lesions developed over 2 years, 2 months and 18 months, respectively. Cutaneous lesions were mainly localized to the face. A black patchy waxy exudate matted the hair, especially on the chin. Mild crusts and black exudate were also noted on the vulvar folds in one case and on the ventral aspect of the neck in another case. Erythematous, ceruminous otitis was observed in one case. The histopathological findings were exactly the same for all three cases and compatible with idiopathic facial dermatitis of the Persian cat, or eventually an allergic reaction. All cases were managed with cyclosporine (Neoral® 6–7 mg/kg/day). Lesions were completely controlled after 4–6 weeks. During a 6‐month follow‐up for two cases, the lesions seemed to be more resistant to therapy. For these two cats, secondary infections with cocci and Malassezia occasionally occurred. No adverse reactions were observed in our three treated cats.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐71  Successful therapy of sebaceous adenitis with topical cyclosporine in 20 dogs
Authors: Paterson S.
Published: August 2004

Sebaceous adenitis was diagnosed in 20 dogs on the basis of histopathology and compatible clinical signs. Affected dogs included standard poodles (3), akitas (3), English springer spaniels (3), and chow chows (3). Fungal cultures, skin scrapings and thyroid function tests were unremarkable. Multiple biopsies were taken from all animals. Initial therapy included essential fatty acid supplementation with a total gamma linolenic acid dose of 10–20 mg/kg once daily and an antiseborrhoeic shampoo twice weekly. All animals were assessed at 3 weeks. An improvement in coat condition was noted at this time, but there was no evidence of hair regrowth. Treatment was started with topical cyclosporine. Twenty‐five millilitres of cyclosporine (Neoral oral solution, 100 mg/mL) made up to a total volume of 250 mL of liquid with sterile water was applied to the coat once daily followed by an emollient spray. At a 6‐week recheck, further improvement was noted. In some cases, new hair regrowth was apparent. In six dogs, blood samples were taken at 9 weeks to measure blood levels of cyclosporine. In no case could cyclosporine be detected. Therapy was successful in every case, but was deemed too labour intensive by the owners of some dogs. Despite good initial improvement in their dog's skin condition, they were lost to follow‐up. In all other cases, once hair had regrown after 8–12 weeks, the frequency of application could be reduced to once or twice weekly.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐72  A case of perianal gland adenoma concurrent with benign prostatic hyperplasia in a mixed‐breed dog
Authors: Yoon S. , Won D. , Park C. , Park H. M.
Published: August 2004

A 13‐year‐old intact male mixed‐breed dog was evaluated because of multiple 0.5–1.5 cm diameter, circular intradermal nodules around the anus. There was a history of intermittent haematuria, perianal pain and colorectal obstruction with tenesmus. On physical examination, these lesions were ulcerated, and hemorrhagic and keratinaceous material was extruded with local pressure. The prostate gland was nonpainful and symmetrically enlarged. Abdominal radiographs revealed prostatomegaly and retrograde urethrocystography showed reflux of contrast media into the prostate gland. Ultrasonography showed a diffuse, relatively symmetrical enlarged prostate. The patient was treated with cyclosporine for 5 weeks. Until recently, the clinical signs of this patient were dramatically improved. This case demonstrates that perianal gland adenoma and benign prostate gland hyperplasia can be successfully managed with the administration of cyclosporine.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐73  Evaluation of the practicality and efficacy of cryotherapy in feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lucas R. , Larsson C. E.
Published: August 2004

Based on the absence of detailed published reports focusing on cryosurgery in domestic cats, our objective was to evaluate the practicality and efficacy of cryotherapy to treat squamous cell carcinoma. Liquid nitrogen cryosurgery was used to treat 50 cats with 100 squamous cell carcinoma lesions located in the unpigmented areas of the ears (n = 32), eyelids (n = 12), nose (n = 40) and other areas (n = 16). Treatment led to remission in 36 cases (72%). There was remission of 80% of the lesions following a single treatment. White cats were most susceptible to squamous cell carcinoma. Complications of cryotherapy were observed in 13 cats (26%). Cryosurgery is a practical, safe and effective method of treating feline cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and can be successfully performed under small animal veterinary clinic conditions.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐74  Evaluation of the in vivo effects of Tris‐EDTA and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.15% solution in chronic bacterial otitis externa: 11 cases
Authors: Ghibaudo G. , Cornegliani L. , Martino P.
Published: August 2004

The objectives of this study were to evaluate in vivo tolerance, and antimicrobial and clinical activities of a topical otic preparation containing EDTA tromethamine (Tris) and chlorhexidine digluconate 0.15% solution (Otodine®) in dogs with chronic bacterial otitis externa. Eleven dogs were included. The affected ears were filled with the solution once daily during a 2‐week period. Dogs were evaluated on days 0, 14 and 28. Three clinical parameters (exudate, erythema, pain) and three cytologic parameters (Malassezia, cocci, rods) were scored (0–4 scale) by otoscopic and cytological examinations of otic exudate. Bacterial cultures were performed at each time point. If there were bacteria on cytological examination on day 14, the dogs were treated with the original product, with the addition of enrofloxacin (5%) applied 10 min after the original product, for a further 2 weeks. All 11 cases yielded isolates of resistant gram‐negative bacteria; gram‐positive bacteria were also isolated from six of 11 dogs. On day 14, six of 11 dogs were negative on culture examination; on day 28, 10 of 11 were negative and only one case had a positive culture. On day 14, clinical and microbial scores (cytology) were reduced by 54.6 and 71.1%, respectively, and by 85.7 and 94% on day 28. All cases reported good tolerance of the treatment. The results show that this ear solution was helpful in the management of chronic bacterial otitis externa in dogs and was well tolerated. There seems to be a synergistic effect of the combination of Tris‐EDTA/chlorhexidine digluconate 0.15% solution, and an antimicrobial agent (enrofloxacin) against resistant gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐76  The effect of omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation on cutaneous and plasma fatty acid concentrations in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Mueller R. S. , Fettman M. J. , Richardson K. , Hansen R. A. , Miller A. , Magowitz J. , Ogilvie G. K.
Published: August 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a fatty acid supplement on the concentration of essential fatty acids in the skin and plasma of dogs with atopic dermatitis. Twenty‐nine dogs with nonseasonal atopic dermatitis were supplemented with 1000 mg flax oil capsules, 3V Caps containing 180 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 120 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/capsule, or mineral oil as placebo at 1 capsule/5 kg once daily for 10 weeks in a randomized, double‐blinded trial. Dogs were evaluated by owners and clinicians before and after supplementation using a clinical scoring system. Blood samples and skin biopsies from the lateral chest were taken before and after 10 weeks of supplementation. Overall, daily intake of omega‐3 and ‐6 fatty acids was calculated for each patient before and after supplementation. Linoleic acid (LA), α‐linolenic acid (α‐LA), arachidonic acid (AA), EPA and DHA were determined in plasma and skin using gas chromatography. α‐Linolenic acid and EPA were significantly increased in plasma (P = 0.0165 and 0.0042, respectively), but not in skin after supplementation with 3V Caps. The concentration of α‐LA was increased after flax oil supplementation (P = 0.0226). Plasma AA decreased in dogs supplemented with 3V Caps (P = 0.0029). Supplements changed the plasma and skin fatty acid concentrations significantly. A significant correlation between clinical outcome and cutaneous or plasma concentration was not present for any of the fatty acids. Based on these results, supplementation with fatty acids changes the plasma, but not skin concentrations of fatty acids in dogs with atopic dermatitis.

Funding: Shipley Foundation.
P‐77  Skin fungal flora in horses: is Malassezia an important component
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Marchand A. M. , Alexandre F. , Marchand A.
Published: August 2004

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fungi present on the skin surface in healthy horses with a particular interest in Malassezia on predisposed skin areas. Twenty‐five mares were included, each sampled on nine skin areas including those most likely contaminated by Malassezia: nostrils, lips, ear pinnae, base of the mane, pasterns, pectoral areas, lateral thorax, udder and perianal areas. Two sterile carpets were applied to the skin, and then used for inoculation of agar (Sabouraud's plus cycloheximide and chloramphenicol), both with and without lipids for isolation of different species of Malassezia. This method is currently successful in isolating Malassezia in dogs. Cultures were incubated at 32°C, observed on day 5 for Malassezia, and then maintained at 27°C for complementary morphological identifications. From 223 cultures on standard medium, only seven remained sterile. The most common fungi were filamentous (number of positive samples): Scopulariopsis (156), Penicillium (79), Acremonium (67), Aspergillus (53), Paecilomyces spp. (38), and Stachybotrys (33). Interestingly, Microsporum gypseum was also isolated (14 samples from seven areas) from 10 horses. Yeast or yeast‐like fungi were Geotrichum (52), Trichosporon (21), and an additional 33 samples being positive for yeast other than Malassezia. Results from the other 223 cultures on lipid‐rich agar were similar. Most of the fungi were isolated from the nine areas selected, but Malassezia was never isolated from 446 cultures.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐79  Hair follicle growth arrest in Austrian Icelandic horses
Authors: Kolm G. , Zentek J.
Published: August 2004

In February 2003, 20 of 70 Icelandic horses were referred with winter seasonal recurrent problems of circumscribed hair loss and scaling on the ear base, temporal eye canthus, dorsal neck and, occasionally, the cranial shoulder, with only minimal pruritus. Health status was otherwise normal. Diagnostic therapy for dermatophytes and ectoparasites had only been of minimal success. The first onset of disease was in November 2001 after relocation of the healthy herd from southern Austria. Skin problems remained until hair shedding was completed in May/June 2002 and were absent from then until November 2002. The horses were otherwise healthy and did not suffer from allergic dermatitis in summer. The herd was fed hay and grass silage exclusively. Most affected horses were young stallions and mares. Vaccination and deworming status was current. Skin scrapings and culture for bacteria and dermatophytes were negative. Apart from a nonspecific, very mild dermatitis, histopathology yielded catagenization of hair follicles going into growth arrest. Except for a slight lymphocytosis, blood analysis was normal in all affected horses. Feedstuff analysis of the hay and grass silage was normal for minerals and the trace elements Cu and Zn, and serum levels of Ca, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were within normal limits. Feed supplementation with vitamins, iodine, cobalt and selenium (Super‐Mineral) since spring/summer 2003 was able to prevent the development of hair follicle growth arrest in the affected horses during the winter period of 2003.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐8  Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs
Authors: Jeong H. H. , Kim J. Y. , Lee K. W. , Oh T. H.
Published: August 2004

Antibacterial efficacy of 0.1% chitosan solution against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs was determined by the modified detergent scrub quantitative technique in 10 adult mongrel dogs. For comparison, other antibacterial agents including 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate, 0.1% chitosan solution combined with 2.5% benzoyl peroxide, and chitosan combined with 0.5% chlorhexidine were used. The antibacterial activity of chitosan was inversely affected by pH with higher activity at lower pH value and exerted the highest activity at pH 4.5 in vitro. In nontreated bacteria‐challenged control sites, S. intermedius was found to have counts of 6.95 ± 0.53 cfu/cm2 of skin. The counts of recovered Staphylococcus intermedius (cfu/cm2) from the treated sites were 3.25 ± 0.98 for 0.1% chitosan solution, 0.68 ± 1.13 for benzoyl peroxide, 3.14 ± 0.55 for chlorhexidine, 0.48 ± 0.56 for chitosan solution combined with benzoyl peroxide, and 2.55 ± 0.88 for chitosan solution combined with chlorhexidine. Each S. intermedius recovery value from the five treated sites was significantly (P < 0.01) lower than that from the nontreated bacterial‐challenged control site. The 0.1% chitosan solution was efficacious against Staphylococcus intermedius in dogs. However, the combinations of chitosan with benzoyl peroxide and with chlorhexidine were shown to exert higher activity when compared to those of chitosan alone and benzoyl peroxide or chlorhexidine alone. Thus, 0.1% chitosan solution was considered to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus intermedius andhave potential for clinical applications in the treatment of pyoderma in dogs.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐80  Clinical aspects of chronic progressive pastern dermatitis in Belgian draft horses
Authors: Van Brantegem L. , De Cock H. E. , Chiers K. , Van Heerden M. , Ferraro G. L. , Affolter V. K. , Ducatelle R.
Published: August 2004

Chronic progressive pastern dermatitis is a condition characterized by progressive swelling, hyperkeratosis and fibrosis of the distal limbs. The clinical entity has been recognized in adult Shires and Clydesdales. To our knowledge, there is only one reported case in Belgian draft horses. Here we examined 14 Belgian horses from 6 months to 9 years of age for the presence of chronic progressive pastern dermatitis. All distal limbs were shaved and clinically examined. Skin scrapings of the pastern region were taken. One adult and six foals had no clinical signs. One foal and one adult had one thick skin fold at the rear of the pastern region. In the foal, the lesions were limited to the front limbs. Three adults had two or more thick skin folds extending to above the fetlock. Two severely affected adults had general firm swellings that extended up to the carpal and tarsal joints. They had multiple dermal nodules and small well‐demarcated ulcerations, some of them covered with adherent crusts. The skin folds were numerous, surrounding the entire pastern region. Five of the adults and four of the foals had chorioptic mange. In conclusion, chronic progressive pastern dermatitis is a common finding in these 14 Belgian horses. Mild lesions were already present in one foal. It is unclear whether the chorioptic mange plays a role in the onset or the exacerbation of the condition.

Funding: Equine Research Funds, University of Ghent.
P‐82  Mycosis fungoides in a cow with bovine leukosis virus
Authors: Lopes M. A. F. , Conceicao L. G. , Costa E. S. , Avanza M. F. B. , Amorim R. L. , Moraes M. P. , Clare F.
Published: August 2004

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a cutaneous manifestation of a T‐cell lymphoma, which has been diagnosed in various species including one case in a 10‐month‐old calf. However, we are not aware of a case report of MF in an adult bovine or of this disease being associated with bovine leukosis virus infection. We report a case of a cow diagnosed with MF‐like disease and bovine leukosis virus. A 6‐year‐old Holstein cow was presented with a history of cutaneous masses, anorexia, weight loss and reduced milk production. This cow had delivered a healthy calf 49 days before admission. Two days before parturition, the owner had observed the first skin nodules, which had progressively enlarged. Physical examination revealed multiple alopecic hyperpigmented tumors, ranging from 2 to 7 cm in diameter, which were painful on palpation. Some of the lesions were ulcerated, although most were covered by dry and rough epidermis. No abnormality other than the skin lesions and emaciation was detected on clinical examination. Complete blood count revealed leukocytosis (23,450/μL), lymphocytosis (17,588/μL) and atypical lymphocytes. Plasma protein concentration was 6.8 g/dL. Agar gel immunodiffusion test for bovine leukosis virus was positive. Histopathological findings included a diffuse dermal lymphocytic infiltration and epitheliotropism. Immunohistochemistry revealed that neoplastic lymphocytes were CD3+ and CD79a– cells. Due to the poor prognosis, the cow was euthanized. This report describes a rare MF d’emblée‐like condition in a cow with bovine leukosis virus.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐83  Intradermal testing in cattle: evaluation of sensitization to Dermatophagoides extracts in healthy cattle and cattle infected with Psoroptes or Chorioptes
Authors: Bourdeau P. , Rivat C.
Published: August 2004

Information on sensitization of cattle to common allergens like Pyroglyphids or approved practical methods to evaluate in vivo sensitization are lacking. The aim of the study was to evaluate both intradermal testing (IDT) and sensitization to Dermatophagoides in healthy cattle and those infested with Psororptes or Chorioptes. Animals were included in three groups: Group A, healthy (n = 50), Group B, Psoroptes ovis infestation (n = 50), and Group C, Chorioptes bovis infestation (n = 12). Two methods of IDT were compared: classical use of 1 mL insulin syringe and a tuberculination device. Reactions to histamine 1/10,000 were compared to a negative control and commercial allergens (Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus) by injections (0.1 mL) in the midsection of the lateral neck. Readings were made at 30 min (diameter of the wheal and thickening of the skin fold with a calliper square) and at 48 h. The best results were obtained combining the tuberculin device and diameter of the wheal (100% correlation with the calliper square). Reactions to histamine were significantly more intense than for the allergens tested. Positive intradermal reactions included: Group A, D. farinae 42% and D. pteronyssinus 36%; Group B, D. farinae 74% and D. pteronyssinus 50%; Group C, D. farinae 58% and D. pteronyssinus 42%. No delayed reaction was detected. The possible use of this cross‐reactivity for a rapid evaluation of infestation of herds by parasitic mites needs more evaluation.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐84  Experimental study of orange phototoxicity in sheep
Authors: Lorente‐Méndez C. , Peris‐Palau B. , Hernández A. M. , Satué K. , López‐Castellano A. , Rodilla V.
Published: August 2004

We have evaluated the possible phototoxicity of an orange‐based diet on sheep in a controlled environment. The phototoxic effect of psoralens, potent phototoxic furocoumarins, contained in oranges could be manifested either as a perioral contact phototoxicity or as a postingestion phototoxic effect. This research has especial relevance in the region of Valencia, Spain, where sheep are occasionally fed large quantities of these agricultural by‐products and where sunlight is constant year‐round. Ewes were randomly allocated to two groups, one to be fed a maintenance diet (n = 9), and the other to receive, after a brief adaptation period, solely oranges (n = 6). The ewes were placed in an external enclosure and fed this diet for 2 months. At approximately 3‐week intervals, the ewes were subjected to thorough clinical and dermatological examination. Skin biopsies were obtained on two different occasions. All procedures were carried out under the guidelines of the local ethics committee. The sheep on the orange diet showed weight loss and a debilitated condition. However, during the study, no clinical or pathological signs of oral or systemic photodermatitis were observed.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐85  Treatment of goat warbles in Rohila goats with ivermectin in endemically infested areas of Pakistan
Authors: Ayaz M. M.
Published: August 2004

The occurrence of goat warbles in Rohila goats was studied in endemic areas of Pakistan. Eight flocks of goats (n = 1000) in four villages at Fort Munro and six flocks (n = 800) in three villages at Rakni were examined. The study was conducted on animals during the third and fourth weeks of December 1996. The occurrence at Fort Munro and Rakni was 18 and 35%, respectively. At Fort Munro and Rakni, the degree of infestation ranged up to 40 and 50% of the animals in the flocks, respectively. Ivermectin at a dosage of 200 μg/kg was 100% effective against L2 and L3 life stages.

Funding: Self‐funded.
P‐86  Cryptococcal granulomatous dermatitis in an African parrot
Authors: Berrocal A.
Published: August 2004

Cryptococcosis is predominantly a systemic mycosis caused by an encapsulated yeast‐like fungus with worldwide distribution. There are several species of the genus Cryptococcus; however, C. neoformans is the most frequently reported species causing disease in people as well as in domestic and wild animals. This organism is most commonly isolated from soil contaminated with pigeon droppings. The cutaneous presentation is very rare in dogs and cats compared to the more common respiratory, central nervous system and ocular forms. To the author's knowledge, dermal cryptococcosis in avian species has not been reported. A 1‐year‐old female African parrot presented with a 3.0 cm diameter ulcerative mass located at the left distal phalange wing of 6 months duration. It was removed by surgery; however, due to local infiltration, it could not be excised completely. The sample was processed for dermatopathological examination and stained with H&E. In addition, a swab was taken for culture. Histopathologically, the epidermis was ulcerated with many free round‐to‐oval organisms measuring 6–12 μm that stained faintly pale and eosinophilic, and were surrounded by a clear halo. Throughout the dermis, multiple granulomas were seen with identical microorganisms in addition to macrophages and granulocytes. Microorganisms stained positive with Gomori methenamine silver and PAS. Cryptococcal‐like organisms with clear halos against a black background were seen in an India ink preparation from the swab material. The sample was cultured on Sabouraud's agar and identified as Cryptococcus neoformans.

Funding: Self‐funded.