bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of adaptive capacity on the outcome of climate change vulnerability assessment
Authors: Ofori Benjamin Y. , Stow Adam J. , Baumgartner John B. , Beaumont Linda J.
Published: October 2017

Climate change vulnerability assessment (CCVA) has become a mainstay conservation decision support tool. CCVAs are recommended to incorporate three elements of vulnerability – exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity – yet, lack of data frequently leads to the latter being excluded. Further, weighted or unweighted scoring schemes, based on expert opinion, may be applied. Comparisons of these approaches are rare. In a CCVA for 17 Australian lizard species, we show that membership within three vulnerability categories (low, medium and high) generally remained similar regardless of the framework or scoring scheme. There was one exception however, where, under the warm/dry scenario for 2070, including adaptive capacity lead to five fewer species being classified as highly vulnerable. Two species, Eulamprus leuraensis and E. kosciuskoi, were consistently ranked the most vulnerable, primarily due to projected losses in climatically suitable habitat, narrow thermal tolerance and specialist habitat requirements. Our findings provide relevant information for prioritizing target species for conservation and choosing appropriate conservation actions. We conclude that for the species included in this study, the framework and scoring scheme used had little impact on the identification of the most vulnerable species. We caution, however, that this outcome may not apply to other taxa or regions.
A large predatory reef fish species moderates feeding and activity patterns in response to seasonal and latitudinal temperature variation
Authors: Scott Molly , Heupel Michelle , Tobin Andrew , Pratchett Morgan
Published: October 2017

Climate-driven increases in ocean temperatures are expected to affect the metabolic requirements of marine species substantially. To mitigate the impacts of increasing temperatures in the short-term, it may be necessary for ectothermic organisms to alter their foraging behaviour and activity. Herein, we investigate seasonal variation in foraging behaviour and activity of latitudinally distinct populations of a large coral reef predator, the common coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus, from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. P. leopardus exhibited increased foraging frequency in summer versus winter time, irrespective of latitude, however, foraging frequency substantially declined at water temperatures >30 °C. Foraging frequency also decreased with body size but there was no interaction with temperature. Activity patterns were directly correlated with water temperature; during summer, the low-latitude population of P. leopardus spent up to 62% of their time inactive, compared with 43% for the high-latitude population. The impact of water temperature on activity patterns was greatest for larger individuals. These results show that P. leopardus moderate their foraging behaviour and activity according to changes in ambient temperatures. It seems likely that increasing ocean temperatures may impose significant constraints on the capacity of large-bodied fishes to obtain sufficient prey resources while simultaneously conserving energy.
EEG Transients in the Sigma Range During non-REM Sleep Predict Learning in Dogs
Authors: Iotchev Ivaylo Borislavov , Kis Anna , Bódizs Róbert , van Luijtelaar Gilles , Kubinyi Enikő
Published: October 2017

Sleep spindles are phasic bursts of thalamo-cortical activity, visible in the cortex as transient oscillations in the sigma range (usually defined in humans as 12–14 or 9–16 Hz). They have been associated with sleep-dependent memory consolidation and sleep stability in humans and rodents. Occurrence, frequency, amplitude and duration of sleep spindles co-vary with age, sex and psychiatric conditions. Spindle analogue activity in dogs has been qualitatively described, but never quantified and related to function. In the present study we used an adjusted version of a detection method previously validated in children to test whether detections in the dogs show equivalent functional correlates as described in the human literature. We found that the density of EEG transients in the 9–16 Hz range during non-REM sleep relates to memory and is characterized by sexual dimorphism similarly as in humans. The number of transients/minute was larger in the learning condition and for female dogs, and correlated with the increase of performance during recall. It can be concluded that in dogs, automatic detections in the 9–16 Hz range, in particular the slow variant (<13 Hz), are functional analogues of human spindles.
Exotic superfluidity and pairing phenomena in atomic Fermi gases in mixed dimensions
Authors: Zhang Leifeng , Che Yanming , Wang Jibiao , Chen Qijin
Published: October 2017

Atomic Fermi gases have been an ideal platform for simulating conventional and engineering exotic physical systems owing to their multiple tunable control parameters. Here we investigate the effects of mixed dimensionality on the superfluid and pairing phenomena of a two-component ultracold atomic Fermi gas with a short-range pairing interaction, while one component is confined on a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice whereas the other is in a homogeneous 3D continuum. We study the phase diagram and the pseudogap phenomena throughout the entire BCS-BEC crossover, using a pairing fluctuation theory. We find that the effective dimensionality of the non-interacting lattice component can evolve from quasi-3D to quasi-1D, leading to strong Fermi surface mismatch. Upon pairing, the system becomes effectively quasi-two dimensional in the BEC regime. The behavior of T
c
bears similarity to that of a regular 3D population imbalanced Fermi gas, but with a more drastic departure from the regular 3D balanced case, featuring both intermediate temperature superfluidity and possible pair density wave ground state. Unlike a simple 1D optical lattice case, T
c
in the mixed dimensions has a constant BEC asymptote.
The effect of different salivary calcium concentrations on the erosion protection conferred by the salivary pellicle
Authors: Baumann T. , Bereiter R. , Lussi A. , Carvalho T. S.
Published: October 2017

Different proportions of mineral ions in saliva can influence the protective effect the salivary pellicle provides against dental erosion. To investigate the effect of different calcium concentrations in human saliva on the protection against enamel erosion, enamel specimens were divided into 8 treatment groups: humid chamber (Ctrl); whole mouth stimulated human saliva (HS); artificial saliva containing different calcium concentrations (ASlow, ASmedium, AShigh); and dialysed human saliva containing different calcium concentrations (DSlow, DSmedium, DShigh). The specimens underwent 4 cycles of incubation in the treatment group followed by an erosive challenge. Surface hardness and calcium release were measured during the cycling process. All DS groups exhibited significantly higher enamel surface softening than HS and the corresponding AS groups. Among the DS groups, the surface softening was significantly higher in DSlow than in DShigh. No significant differences were found within the AS or DS groups regarding calcium release. The results of this study indicated that erosion protection conferred by saliva depends on an interplay between salivary proteins and ions. While both proteins and ions have a positive effect on their own, the combination of the two can lead to different degrees of protection or even negative effects, depending on the relative concentrations.
Vector Form of Symmetry Degree
Authors: Dong G. H. , Zhang Z. W. , Sun C. P. , Gong Z. R.
Published: October 2017

Absract

Symmetry degree is utilized to characterize the asymmetry of a physical system with respect to a symmetry group. The scalar form of symmetry degree (SSD) based on Frobenius-norm has been introduced recently to present a quantitative description of symmetry. Here we present the vector form of the symmetry degree (VSD) which possesses more advantages than the SSD. Mathematically, the dimension of VSD is defined as the conjugacy class number of the symmetry group, the square length of the VSD gives rise to the SSD and the direction of VSD is determined by the orders of the conjugacy classes. The merits of applying VSD both for finite and infinite symmetry groups include the additional information of broken symmetry operators with single symmetry breaking perturbation, and the capability of distinguishing distinct symmetry breaking perturbations which exactly give rise to degenerate SSD. Additionally, the VSD for physical systems under symmetry breaking perturbations can be regarded as a projection of the initial VSD without any symmetry breaking perturbations, which can be described by an evolution equation. There are the same advantages by applying VSD for the accidental degeneracy and spontaneous symmetry breaking.
Superconductivity in Empty Bands and Multiple Order Parameter Chirality
Authors: Joynt Robert , Wu Wen-Chin
Published: October 2017

Recent experiments have shown rotation of the plane of polarization of light reflected from the surface of some superconductors. The photon energy exceeds the electronic bandwidth, so that completely filled or completely empty bands must play a role. We show that in strong-coupling theory a Coulomb interaction can produce an order parameter in the unoccupied band that explains the observations. Thus the phenomenology puts tight constraints on the form of the order parameter in different bands. We propose that the experiments have detected, for the first time, the existence of a superconducting order parameter in a band far from the Fermi energy. This is only possible because of the sensitivity to delicate symmetries: a positive Kerr effect indicates that time reversal and certain mirror symmetries are broken in the ordered phase. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the results implies that in UPt3 there exist bands that have different order parameter chiralities, opening up complex new possibilities for topological superconductivity.
A New Pedicled Internal Mammary Osteomyocutaneous Chimeric Flap (PIMOC) for Salvage Head and Neck Reconstruction: Anatomic Study and Clinical Application
Authors: Barreiro Guilherme C. , Snider Chelsea C. , Galvão Flavio H. F. , Baptista Rachel R. , Kasai Kiril E. , dos Anjos Daniel M. , Ferreira Marcus C.
Published: October 2017

Well-vascularized composite tissue offers improved outcomes for complex head and neck reconstruction. Patients with vessel-depleted necks and failed reconstructions require alternative reconstructive options. We describe a pedicled internal mammary artery osteomyocutaneous chimeric flap (PIMOC) for salvage head and neck reconstruction. Bilateral dissections of 35 fresh cadavers were performed to study individual tissue components and vascular pedicles to develop the PIMOC technique. The flap was then utilized in a series of patients with vessel-depleted neck anatomy. The PIMOC was dissected bilaterally in all cadavers and there were no statistical differences in vascular pedicle caliber or length with regards to laterality or gender. Five patients subsequently underwent this procedure. The flaps included a vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous component and a 6th or 7th rib with adjacent muscle and skin to restore bone defects, internal lining, and external coverage. All donor sites were closed primarily. There were no flap losses and all patients gained improvements in facial contour, speech and swallow. Although technically complex, the PIMOC is reproducible and provides a safe and reliable option for salvage head and neck reconstruction. The harvest of the 6th or 7th rib and rectus abdominis muscle renders an acceptable donor site.
Turnover and flow of the cell membrane for cell migration
Authors: Tanaka Masahito , Kikuchi Takeomi , Uno Hiroyuki , Okita Keisuke , Kitanishi-Yumura Toshiko , Yumura Shigehiko
Published: October 2017

The role of cell membrane dynamics in cell migration is unclear. To examine whether total cell surface area changes are required for cell migration, Dictyostelium cells were flattened by agar-overlay. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that flattened migrating cells have no membrane reservoirs such as projections and membrane folds. Similarly, optical sectioning fluorescence microscopy showed that the cell surface area does not change during migration. Interestingly, staining of the cell membrane with a fluorescent lipid analogue demonstrated that the turnover rate of cell membrane is closely related to the cell migration velocity. Next, to clarify the mechanism of cell membrane circulation, local photobleaching was separately performed on the dorsal and ventral cell membranes of rapidly moving cells. The bleached zones on both sides moved rearward relative to the cell. Thus, the cell membrane moves in a fountain-like fashion, accompanied by a high membrane turnover rate and actively contributing to cell migration.
Protein interaction network of alternatively spliced NudCD1 isoforms
Authors: Asselin-Mullen Patrick , Chauvin Anaïs , Dubois Marie-Line , Drissi Romain , Lévesque Dominique , Boisvert François-Michel
Published: October 2017

NudCD1, also known as CML66 or OVA66, is a protein initially identified as overexpressed in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. The mRNA of NudCD1 is expressed in heart and testis of normal tissues, and is overexpressed in several cancers. Previous studies have shown that the expression level of the protein correlates with tumoral phenotype, possibly interacting upstream of the Insulin Growth Factor - 1 Receptor (IGF-1R). The gene encoding the NudCD1 protein consists of 12 exons that can be alternative spliced, leading to the expression of three different isoforms. These isoforms possess a common region of 492 amino acids in their C-terminus region and have an isoform specific N-terminus. To determine the distinct function of each isoforms, we have localised the isoforms within the cells using immunofluorescence microscopy and used a quantitative proteomics approach (SILAC) to identify specific protein interaction partners for each isoforms. Localization studies showed a different subcellular distribution for the different isoforms, with the first isoform being nuclear, while the other two isoforms have distinct cytoplasmic and nuclear location. We found that the different NudCD1 isoforms have unique interacting partners, with the first isoform binding to a putative RNA helicase named DHX15 involved in mRNA splicing.
Spatial detection of fetal marker genes expressed at low level in adult human heart tissue
Authors: Asp Michaela , Salmén Fredrik , Ståhl Patrik L. , Vickovic Sanja , Felldin Ulrika , Löfling Marie , Fernandez Navarro José , Maaskola Jonas , Eriksson Maria J. , Persson Bengt , Corbascio Matthias , Persson Hans , Linde Cecilia , Lundeberg Joakim
Published: October 2017

Heart failure is a major health problem linked to poor quality of life and high mortality rates. Hence, novel biomarkers, such as fetal marker genes with low expression levels, could potentially differentiate disease states in order to improve therapy. In many studies on heart failure, cardiac biopsies have been analyzed as uniform pieces of tissue with bulk techniques, but this homogenization approach can mask medically relevant phenotypes occurring only in isolated parts of the tissue. This study examines such spatial variations within and between regions of cardiac biopsies. In contrast to standard RNA sequencing, this approach provides a spatially resolved transcriptome- and tissue-wide perspective of the adult human heart, and enables detection of fetal marker genes expressed by minor subpopulations of cells within the tissue. Analysis of patients with heart failure, with preserved ejection fraction, demonstrated spatially divergent expression of fetal genes in cardiac biopsies.
IL-15 promotes human myogenesis and mitigates the detrimental effects of TNFα on myotube development
Authors: O’Leary Mary F. , Wallace Graham R. , Bennett Andrew J. , Tsintzas Kostas , Jones Simon W.
Published: October 2017

Studies in murine cell lines and in mouse models suggest that IL-15 promotes myogenesis and may protect against the inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy which occurs in sarcopenia and cachexia. The effects of IL-15 on human skeletal muscle growth and development remain largely uncharacterised. Myogenic cultures were isolated from the skeletal muscle of young and elderly subjects. Myoblasts were differentiated for 8 d, with or without the addition of recombinant cytokines (rIL-15, rTNFα) and an IL-15 receptor neutralising antibody. Although myotubes were 19% thinner in cultures derived from elderly subjects, rIL-15 increased the thickness of myotubes (MTT) from both age groups to a similar extent. Neutralisation of the high-affinity IL-15 receptor binding subunit, IL-15rα in elderly myotubes confirmed that autocrine concentrations of IL-15 also support myogenesis. Co-incubation of differentiating myoblasts with rIL-15 and rTNFα, limited the reduction in MTT and nuclear fusion index (NFI) associated with rTNFα stimulation alone. IL-15rα neutralisation and rTNFα decreased MTT and NFI further. This, coupled with our observation that myotubes secrete IL-15 in response to TNFα stimulation supports the notion that IL-15 serves to mitigate inflammatory skeletal muscle loss. IL-15 may be an effective therapeutic target for the attenuation of inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy.
Mortalin deficiency suppresses fibrosis and induces apoptosis in keloid spheroids
Authors: Lee Won Jai , Ahn Hyo Min , Na Youjin , Wadhwa Renu , Hong JinWoo , Yun Chae-Ok
Published: October 2017

Mortalin (Mot) is a mitochondrial chaperone of the heat shock protein 70 family and it’s pro-proliferative and anti-apoptosis functions could be associated with keloid pathogenesis, and blocking of mortalin and its interaction with p53 might be a potential novel target for the treatment of keloid. Therefore, we generated mortalin-specific small hairpin (sh) RNAs (dE1-RGD/GFP/shMot) and introduced into keloid spheroids for examination of its apoptotic and anti-fibrotic effect. On keloid tissues, mortalin expression was higher than adjacent normal tissues and it’s protein expressions were activated keloid fibroblasts (KFs). After primary keloid spheroid were transduced with dE1-RGD/GFP/shMot for knockdown of mortalin, expression of type I, III collagen, fibronectin, and elastin was significantly reduced and transforming growth factor-β1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases 1 and 2 (Erk 1/2), and Smad 2/3 complex protein expression were decreased. In addition, increased TUNEL activities and cytochrome C were observed. Further, for examine of mortalin and p53 interaction, we performed immunofluorescence analysis. Knockdown of mortalin relocated p53 to the cell nucleus in primary keloid spheroids by dE1-RGD/GFP/shMot transduction. These results support the utility of knockdown of mortalin to induce apoptosis and reduce ECMs expression in keloid spheroid, which may be highly beneficial in treating keloids.
Supramolecular chemotherapy based on host–guest molecular recognition: a novel strategy in the battle against cancer with a bright future
Authors: Zhou Jiong , Yu Guocan , Huang Feihe
Published: October 2017

This review highlights the progress of supramolecular chemotherapy in cancer treatment based on host–guest interactions and provides guidance on the design of new targeting supramolecular chemotherapy combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions.
Direct crystallographic evidence of the reversible photo-formation and thermo-rupture of a coordination bond inducing spin-crossover phenomenon
Authors: Aguilà David , Dechambenoit Pierre , Rouzières Mathieu , Mathonière Corine , Clérac Rodolphe
Published: October 2017

The reversible formation and rupture of a metal–ligand bond in an iron(ii) complex was studied using crystallography in relation with its spin-crossover properties.
Chiral N,N′-dioxide/Sc(OTf)3complex-catalyzed asymmetric dearomatization of β-naphthols
Authors: Ge Shulin , Kang Tengfei , Lin Lili , Zhang Xiying , Zhao Peng , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: October 2017

A highly enantioselective andZ-selective dearomatization of β-naphthols with alkynones has been accomplished using a chiralN,N′-dioxide–Sc(OTf)3complex with excellent outcomes.
Effects of crystalline growth on structural and luminescence properties of Ca(10−3x)Eu2x(PO4)6F2 nanoparticles fabricated by using a microwave driven hydrothermal process
Authors: Zawisza Katarzyna , Sobierajska Paulina , Renaudin Guillaume , Nedelec Jean-Marie , Wiglusz Rafal J.
Published: October 2017

The structural and luminescence properties of Eu3+ doped nanofluorapatites obtained by hydrothermal method were investigated.
Spreading out spin density in polyphenalenyl radicals
Authors: Trinquier Georges , Malrieu Jean-Paul
Published: October 2017

Properly-designed monoradicals built from polycondensed phenalene units can enforce flattening of spin distributions.
Nucleation and growth of lead oxide particles in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic
Authors: Gladinez Kristof , Rosseel Kris , Lim Jun , Marino Alessandro , Heynderickx Geraldine , Aerts Alexander
Published: October 2017

The formation and dissolution of lead oxide in lead-bismuth eutectic is studied to design and improve novel filtration techniques.
Theoretical design and mechanistic study of the metal-free reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Ma Gongli , Song Guoliang , Li Zhen Hua
Published: October 2017

The metal-free silylborane Me2BSi(CH2F)3, screened based on the rules of thumb coming from the summary of a hierarchy of silylboranes, can be used to catalyze the reduction of CO2 to CO.
High temperature ferroelectric behaviour in α-MnO2 nanorods realised through enriched oxygen vacancy induced non-stoichiometry
Authors: John Reenu Elizabeth , Chandran Anoop , George Justin , Jose Ajai , Jose Gijo , Jose Joshy , Unnikrishnan N. V. , Thomas Marykutty , George K. C.
Published: October 2017

Here, we observe high temperature ferroelectric behaviour in non-stoichiometric α-MnO2 nanorods due to combined effects of charge and orbital ordering.
Pure zero-dimensional Cs4PbBr6 single crystal rhombohedral microdisks with high luminescence and stability
Authors: Zhang Haihua , Liao Qing , Wu Yishi , Chen Jianwei , Gao Qinggang , Fu Hongbing
Published: October 2017

Zero-dimensional (0D) perovskite Cs4PbBr6 has been speculated to be an efficient solid-state emitter, exhibiting strong luminescense on achieving quantum confinement.
Environmental photochemistry of dienogest: phototransformation to estrogenic products and increased environmental persistence via reversible photohydration
Authors: Pflug Nicholas C. , Hankard Madeline K. , Berg Stephanie M. , O'Connor Meghan , Gloer James B. , Kolodziej Edward P. , Cwiertny David M. , Wammer Kristine H.
Published: October 2017

Reversible photohydration of dienogest also yields estrogenic byproducts.
Mitigating oil spills in the water column
Authors: Barry Edward , Libera Joseph A. , Mane Anil U. , Avila Jason R. , DeVitis David , Van Dyke Keith , Elam Jeffrey W. , Darling Seth B.
Published: October 2017

The scale and scope of uncontrolled oil spills can be devastating.
Structural analysis and magnetic induced hyperthermia of Fe3+and Mn2+substituted β-Ca3(PO4)2
Authors: Singh Ramkishore , Srivastava M. , Prasad N. K. , Awasthi Sharad , Kumar Dhayalan Arun , Kannan S.
Published: October 2017

Fe3+/Mn2+co-substitutions in β-Ca3(PO4)2elicit a good hyperthermia effect and biocompatible features.
Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)–gold nanorod (AuNR) conjugates via thermally-mild reaction conditions
Authors: Ni Siting , Zhu Jun , Mezour Mohamed Amine , Lennox R. Bruce
Published: October 2017

A thermally-mild method for covalent binding of SWCNTs to AuNRs, based on an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction, is established and discussed.
A gold nanodendrite-decorated layered double hydroxide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media
Authors: Taei M. , Havakeshian E. , Hasheminasab F.
Published: October 2017

In this work, a gold nanodendrites-CuMgFe layered double hydroxide composite (AuNDs@LDH) was introduced as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER, respectively) in alkaline media.
Unveiling a versatile heterocycle: pyrazoline – a review
Authors: Varghese Beena , Al-Busafi Saleh N. , Suliman FakhrEldin O. , Al-Kindy Salma M. Z.
Published: October 2017

The design and synthesis of novel fluorescent heterocyclic dyes is a “hotspot” research area, due to their favourable photophysical and electronic properties, which could allow huge advances in the fields of physics, chemistry and biology.
Redox-active cathode interphases in solid-state batteries
Authors: Koerver Raimund , Walther Felix , Aygün Isabel , Sann Joachim , Dietrich Christian , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Janek Jürgen
Published: October 2017

In situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows the redox-active chemistry of β-Li3PS4 at the cathode interface in a solid-state battery.
Macro-mesoporous composites containing PEEK and mesoporous diopside as bone implants: characterization, in vitro mineralization, cytocompatibility, and vascularization potential and osteogenesis in vivo
Authors: Cai Liang , Pan Yongkang , Tang Songchao , Li Quan , Tang Tingting , Zheng Kai , Boccaccini A. R. , Wei Shicheng , Wei Jie , Su Jiacan
Published: October 2017

Superior in vitro bioactivity, cytocompatibility, and in vivo osteogenesis and vascularization potential.
Multi‐objective optimisation method of power grid partitioning for wide‐area backup protection
Authors: Wang Ziqi , He Jinghan , Xu Yin , Crossley Peter , Zhang Dahai
Published: October 2017

Rational partitioning method of power grid is the premise and foundation to implement wide‐area backup protection with multi‐source information. This study shows the universal structure of a wide‐area backup protection system based on regional centralised decision‐making mode, and presents a multi‐objective optimisation method of power grid partitioning. Under the premise of reliable protection, a multi‐objective function is built, comprehensively considering the communication performance, overlap rate, and the balance of regional workloads. To obtain the optimal result, the brain storm optimisation (BSO) algorithm is used in this study. The method is applied on IEEE 11‐bus and 39‐bus test systems and simulated data is used to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the optimisation method.
Universal terminal model suitable for various modular multilevel converter topologies for power‐system‐level simulation application
Authors: Li Xiaoqian , Song Qiang , Liu Wenhua , Meng Jingwei , Rao Hong , Xu Shukai , Zhu Zhe
Published: October 2017

Modular multilevel converters (MMCs) have extensive applications and increasing power occupancy in power systems, and various improved topologies with dc fault blocking capability have been developed. The control, dynamic behaviour, and topology of MMCs require significant consideration when building MMC models for power‐system‐level simulation. In this study, a universal terminal model (UTM) that is suitable for various MMC topologies and can be renewed by simply setting two indexes without changing the circuit structure is proposed. The complicated arm circuit structure can be simplified with the aid of auxiliary components, such as diodes, ideal switches, and controlled voltage sources. Arm dynamics, including cumbersome sub‐module switching actions, can be averaged by disregarding the differences among sub‐modules and the effect of modulation and capacitor voltage balancing. The proposed UTM exhibits high accuracy and efficiency and thus beneficial for investigating power‐system‐level issues. In addition, UTM can avoid repetitive and duplicate modelling efforts when the MMC topology changes. The UTMs of MMC based on half‐bridge, clamp‐double, and full‐bridge sub‐module are built. Simulation results of comparisons between detailed models and UTMs validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed models.
Inter‐area oscillation statistical analysis of the U.S. Eastern interconnection
Authors: Cui Yi , Wu Ling , Yu Wenpeng , Liu Yong , Yao Wenxuan , Zhou Dao , Liu Yilu
Published: October 2017

Although extensive studies have been conducted on inter‐area oscillation detection and analysis by using phasor measurement data, few have focused on inter‐area oscillation statistics due to the lack of considerably long‐term and high‐resolution recorded data. A preliminary statistical analysis on the inter‐area oscillations that occurred in the U.S. Eastern interconnection from 2010 to 2015 is presented. These oscillation events were captured and recorded by the wide‐area frequency monitoring network FNET/GridEye. Oscillation occurrence, dominant frequency, damping ratio and oscillation excitation types are investigated to explore the statistical characteristics of the detected inter‐area oscillations. The results from this paper will provide valuable information for system operators and planners regarding network operation and future grid development.
Preparation of near‐infrared Ag2 S quantum dots for detection of bisphenol A in water
Authors: Hu Yanling , Deng Chun , He Yu , Ge Yili , Song Gongwu
Published: October 2017

The work develops a novel method for the detection of bisphenol A (BPA) based on glutathione (GSH)‐protected silver sulphide quantum dots (Ag2 S QDs), which was simple, fast, non‐toxic, sensitive and selective. Ag2 S QDs were synthesised with a sulphur–hydrazine hydrate complex as the S2− source and GSH as the stabiliser. Ag2 S QDs, near‐infrared QDs, offered the advantages over lower background fluorescence and lower signal loss. The fluorescence peak of Ag2 S QDs at 650 nm was quenched significantly in the presence of BPA. Good linear correlations were obtained over the concentration range from 0 to 60 μM of BPA under optimised conditions. The developed selective and sensitive method presaged more opportunities for the application in environmental samples.
Convergence analysis of Padé approximations for Helmholtz frequency response problems
Authors: Bonizzoni Francesca , Nobile Fabio , Perugia Ilaria
Published: October 2017

The present work concerns the approximation of the solution map S associated to the parametric Helmholtz boundary value problem, i.e., the map which associates to each (real) wavenumber belonging to a given interval of interest the corresponding solution of the Helmholtz equation. We introduce a least squares rational Padé-type approximation technique applicable to any meromorphic Hilbert space-valued univariate map, and we prove the uniform convergence of the Padé approximation error on any compact subset of the interval of interest that excludes any pole. This general result is then applied to the Helmholtz solution map S, which is proven to be meromorphic in ℂ, with a pole of order one in every (single or multiple) eigenvalue of the Laplace operator with the considered boundary conditions. Numerical tests are provided that confirm the theoretical upper bound on the Padé approximation error for the Helmholtz solution map.
Cross-diffusion systems with non-zero flux and moving boundary conditions
Authors: Bakhta Athmane , Ehrlacher Virginie
Published: October 2017

We propose and analyze a one-dimensional multi-species cross-diffusion system with non-zero-flux boundary conditions on a moving domain, motivated by the modeling of a Physical Vapor Deposition process. Using the boundedness by entropy method introduced and developped in [5, 16], we prove the existence of a global weak solution to the obtained system. In addition, existence of a solution to an optimization problem defined on the fluxes is established under the assumption that the solution to the considered cross-diffusion system is unique. Lastly, we prove that in the case when the imposed external fluxes are constant and positive and the entropy density is defined as a classical logarithmic entropy, the concentrations of the different species converge in the long-time limit to constant profiles at a rate inversely proportional to time. These theoretical results are illustrated by numerical tests.
Late-Stage C–H Arylation of Thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolin-9(8H)-one Backbone: Synthesis of an Array of Potential Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Couly Florence , Dubouilh-Benard Carole , Besson Thierry , Fruit Corinne
Published: October 2017

Driven by the need of structural modification to establish structure-activity relationships, the regioselective C–H bond activation of thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolin-9(8H)-one backbone has been developed to furnish the corresponding C2-arylated valuable scaffold. This strategy provides a synthetically streamlined and useful route for late-stage diversification of this attractive skeleton, required in drug discovery. A more eco-friendly synthesis of thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolin-9(8H)-ones is also described giving access to these aforementioned compounds in a facile manner.
Vereinbarkeit von Leben und Beruf: Haben wir die Bedürfnisse der Beschäftigten im Blick?
Authors: Napp Barbara
Published: October 2017

Teilzeitquoten in der Mitarbeiterschaft steigen. War es früher hauptsächlich die Kinderbetreuung, die als Grund für Arbeitszeitreduzierungen genannt wurde, sind es heute auch andere Gründe, wie die Zeit für die Gestaltung der eigenen Gesundheit, private Weiterbildung oder Hobbys.
Pflegekräftemangel: „Die Guten stellen zunehmend Bedingungen“
Authors: König Romy
Published: October 2017

Der Kampf um Pflegefachkräfte wird künftig regional ausgetragen, prognostizieren Experten. Kliniken entdecken daher schon jetzt ihre Familienfreundlichkeit: richten Kindergärten ein, organisieren mobile Mittagstische, lassen bei Arbeitszeiten mit sich reden. Das Ziel: für Mitarbeiter attraktiv zu sein.
Logistik: Automatisch disponieren wie VW, Bosch & Co
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: October 2017

Das IT-System bestellt selbständig, wenn sich ein Materiallager leert – so funktioniert das bei Industrieunternehmen wie VW, Daimler oder Bosch. In Krankenhäusern ist die Logistik noch nicht auf diesem Level. Doch immer mehr Häuser rüsten auf.
Brandschutz: Brandstiftung wirksam vermeiden
Authors: Friedl Wolfgang J.
Published: October 2017

In Krankenhäusern kommt es wesentlich häufiger zu Brandstiftungen, als man annehmen würde. Man muss sich einerseits darauf einstellen, dass dieses Risiko immer besteht. Andererseits muss man es den Tätern so schwer wie möglich machen.
Clinical Assessment of Physical Examination Maneuvers for Superior Labral Anterior to Posterior Lesions
Authors: Somerville Lyndsay , Willits Kevin , Johnson Andrew , Litchfield Robert , LeBel Marie-Eve , Moro Jaydeep , Bryant Dianne
Published: October 2017

Purpose Shoulder pain and disability pose a diagnostic challenge owing to the numerous etiologies and the potential for multiple disorders to exist simultaneously. The evidence to support the use of clinical tests for superior labral anterior to posterior complex (SLAP) is weak or absent. The purpose of this study is to determine the diagnostic validity of physical examination maneuvers for SLAP lesions by performing a methodologically rigorous, clinically applicable study.

Methods We recruited consecutive new shoulder patients reporting pain and/or disability. The physician took a history and indicated their certainty about each possible diagnosis (“certain the diagnosis is absent/present,” or “uncertain requires further testing”). The clinician performed the physical tests for diagnoses where uncertainty remained. Magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram and arthroscopic examination were the gold standards. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) and investigated whether combinations of the top tests provided stronger predictions.

Results Ninety-three patients underwent physical examination for SLAP lesions. When using the presence of a SLAP lesion (Types I–V) as disease positive, none of the tests was sensitive (10.3–33.3) although they were moderately specific (61.3–92.6). When disease positive was defined as repaired SLAP lesion (including biceps tenodesis or tenotomy), the sensitivity (10.5–38.7) and specificity (70.6–93.8) of tests improved although not by a substantial amount. None of the tests was found to be clinically useful for predicting repairable SLAP lesions with all LRs close to one. The compression rotation test had the best LR for both definitions of disease (SLAP tear present = 1.8 and SLAP repaired = 1.67). There was no optimal combination of tests for diagnosing repairable SLAP lesions, with at least two tests positive providing the best combination of measurement properties (sensitivity 46.1% and specificity 64.7%).

Conclusion Our study demonstrates that the physical examination tests for SLAP lesions are poor diagnostic indicators of disease. Performing a combination of tests will likely help, although the magnitude of the improvement is minimal. These authors caution clinicians placing confidence in the physical examination tests for SLAP lesions rather we suggest that clinicians rely on diagnostic imaging to confirm this diagnosis.
Effects of Combined Aerobic-Strength Training vs Fitness Education Program in COPD Patients
Authors: Rinaldo Nicoletta , Bacchi Elisabetta , Coratella Giuseppe , Vitali Francesca , Milanese Chiara , Rossi Andrea , Schena Federico , Lanza Massimo
Published: October 2017

We compared the effects of a new physical activity education program approach (EDU), based on a periodically supervised protocol of different exercise modalities vs traditionally supervised combined strength-endurance training (CT) on health-related factors in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty-eight COPD patients without comorbidities were randomly assigned to receive either EDU or CT. CT was continuously supervised to combine strength-endurance training; EDU was taught to progressively increase the rate of autonomous physical activity, through different training modalities such as Nordic walking, group classes and circuit training. Body composition, walking capacity, muscle strength, flexibility and balance, total daily energy expenditure and quality of life were evaluated at baseline, after 28 weeks training period (3d/week) and after a 14-week follow-up. No adverse events occurred during the interventions. After training, CT and EDU similarly improved walking capacity, body composition and quality of life. However, after 14 weeks of follow-up, such improvements were not maintained. Only in CT, muscle strength and flexibility improved after training but returned to baseline after follow-up. EDU, similar to CT, can effectively and safely improve health-related parameters in COPD patients. EDU could be an attractive alternative to traditional supervised training for improving quality of life in COPD patients.
Im Gespräch mit COPD-Patienten: patientenzentriert kommunizieren
Authors: Stenzel N. , Kenn K. , Steinkamp G.
Published: October 2017

Die Lebensqualität von COPD-Patienten ist häufig deutlich beeinträchtigt. Neben den körperlichen Limitationen der Betroffenen treten häufig psychische Komorbiditäten auf. Damit gehen häufig auch dysfunktionale Annahmen der Betroffenen in Bezug auf ihre Erkrankung und deren Behandlung einher. Diese können nicht nur die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen weiter beeinträchtigen, sondern auch Auswirkungen auf die Kommunikation zwischen Arzt und Patient sowie das Krankheitsverhalten haben. Aus diesem Grund ist es wichtig, dass Behandler sie im Dialog mit dem Patienten berücksichtigen.

Der folgende Beitrag thematisiert, welches Gewicht dysfunktionalen Krankheitsannahmen und psychischen Komorbiditäten bei COPD zukommt, und geht auf die Möglichkeiten ein, diese im Arzt-Patient-Kontakt positiv zu berücksichtigen.
Häufigkeit von Komorbiditäten bei der stationären Behandlung von Essstörungen und Adipositas bei Mädchen und jungen Frauen
Authors: Muehleck Julia , Richter Felicitas , Adametz Luise , Strauß Bernhard , Berger Uwe
Published: October 2017

Ziel Erfassung der Häufigkeiten von psychischen und somatischen Komorbiditäten bei stationär behandelten Patientinnen mit Essstörungen und Adipositas.

Methodik Es wurden Sekundärdaten von Patientinnen (11 – 25 Jahre, N = 1269) der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse AOK PLUS in Thüringen analysiert.

Ergebnisse Die häufigsten Komorbiditäten waren affektive Störungen, neurotische, Belastungs- und somatoforme sowie Persönlichkeitsstörungen und Krankheiten des Verdauungssystems. Fast die Hälfte der Patientinnen mit Essstörungen war von psychischen Komorbiditäten betroffen. Die Mehrheit adipöser Patientinnen litt an zusätzlichen somatischen Erkrankungen.

Schlussfolgerung Psychische Komorbiditäten sind bei Essstörungen mit durchschnittlich 43,3 % viel häufiger als bei Adipositas (max. 12,7 % bei Adipositas Grad III). Es erscheint daher weiterhin gerechtfertigt, auch hochgradige Adipositas nicht als Essstörung zu bezeichnen.
Sexualität beginnt im Tanz zwischen Eltern und Kind
Säuglingsforschung, Neuropsychologie und körperorientierte
Psychotherapie liefern Anregungen für die Paar- und
Sexualtherapie
Authors: Eberhard-Kaechele Marianne , Gnirss-Bormet Ruth
Published: October 2017

Im Säuglingsalter und in der erwachsenen Sexualität spielen nonverbale
Interaktionen eine wesentliche Rolle. Ergebnisse aus der Säuglings- und
Kleinkindforschung, der neuropsychologischen Hirnforschung und der
körperorientierten Psychotherapie ermöglichen uns ein neues Verständnis für
individuelle Schwierigkeiten, die in der Partnerschaft und in der sexuellen
Begegnung vorkommen. Dieses Verstehen bildet die Grundlage für
Bewegungsexperimente, die neue Erfahrungen ermöglichen. Die
körperpsychotherapeutische Technik des „verdeckten Vorgehens“ geht dabei
indirekt (funktional, abstrakt oder symbolisch) in Bewegung auf Probleme ein,
sodass Stärken erschlossen werden, ohne Ängste und Scham der PatientInnen zu
mobilisieren. Sexualität kann auf diese Weise in Einzel-, Paar und
Gruppentherapien thematisiert werden.
Angehörige von drogenabhängigen Menschen – Suchterkrankungen aus einer anderen Perspektive
Authors: Ruckstuhl Lea
Published: October 2017

Die Situation von Angehörigen von heroin- und kokainabhängigen Menschen wurde in der Schweiz bisher nur wenig wissenschaftlich untersucht. Die vorliegende Arbeit hat deshalb einen explorativen Charakter. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung stand die Frage, welche Auswirkungen die Suchterkrankung eines nahestehenden Menschen auf die psychische Gesundheit der Angehörigen hat und welche Rolle Bewältigungsstrategien in diesem Zusammenhang spielen. Mittels standardisierten Fragebögen wurden die Daten erhoben. Die Auswertung erfolgte über multiple lineare Regressionsmodelle, die folgende Ergebnisse brachten: Je stärker sich Angehörige durch die Abhängigkeitserkrankung belastet fühlten und je mehr Sorgen sie hatten in Bezug auf Finanzen, Gesundheit, Arbeit und Beziehungen, desto höher war ihr Risiko die Kriterien einer klinisch relevanten Depression zu erfüllen. 27,3% der befragten Angehörigen erfüllten zum Zeitpunkt der Befragung die Kriterien einer klinisch relevanten Depression, was deutlich über der erwarteten 12-Monatsprävalenz von 7% in der Schweizer Bevölkerung lag. Dabei spielen insbesondere die Bewältigungsstrategien, die Angehörige anwenden eine wichtige Rolle. So zeigte sich, dass insbesondere negative Bewältigungsstrategien, die das Stresserleben erhöhen mit einer höheren Depressivität assoziiert sind. Positive Bewältigungsstrategien, die das Stresserleben reduzieren, scheinen dagegen keine protektive Wirkung zu haben. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass Angehörige in der Schweiz besser unterstützt und in der Forschung als auch im klinischen Alltag mehr Beachtung bekommen sollten.
1.1 Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular Coupling Reactions
Authors: Gao S. , Wang D.
Published: October 2017

This chapter presents metal-catalyzed or -promoted intramolecular cross-coupling reactions for C—C bond formation in the preparation of cyclic compounds. Examples of synthetic applications in natural products syntheses are discussed to illustrate the potential of these methodologies.
1.4 Metal-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclizations Involving Cyclopropane and Cyclopropene Ring Opening
Authors: Tang X.-Y. , Shi M.
Published: October 2017

Due to the ring strain of cyclopropane rings, transition-metal catalysts can easily undergo an oxidative addition with the cyclopropane moiety of methylenecyclopropanes (MCPs) to give trimethylenemethane (TMM) intermediates. Subsequent intramolecular cyclization with unsaturated systems takes place to give cyclized products. Moreover, in the presence of a chiral ligand, high enantioselectivity can be achieved. The ring-fused products are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.
1.7 Cycloisomerizations of Substrates with Multiple Unsaturated Bonds
Authors: Yamamoto Y.
Published: October 2017

Transition-metal complexes catalyze cycloisomerizations of substrates bearing multiple unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds. Carbo- and heterocycles are obtained via selective carbon–carbon bond formations with concomitant hydrogen-atom transfer under mild conditions.
A kinetic Monte Carlo approach to study fluid transport in pore networks
Authors: Apostolopoulou M. , Day R. , Hull R. , Stamatakis M. , Striolo A.
Published: October 2017

The mechanism of fluid migration in porous networks continues to attract great interest. Darcy’s law (phenomenological continuum theory), which is often used to describe macroscopically fluid flow through a porous material, is thought to fail in nano-channels. Transport through heterogeneous and anisotropic systems, characterized by a broad distribution of pores, occurs via a contribution of different transport mechanisms, all of which need to be accounted for. The situation is likely more complicated when immiscible fluid mixtures are present. To generalize the study of fluid transport through a porous network, we developed a stochastic kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) model. In our lattice model, the pore network is represented as a set of connected finite volumes (voxels), and transport is simulated as a random walk of molecules, which “hop” from voxel to voxel. We simulated fluid transport along an effectively 1D pore and we compared the results to those expected by solving analytically the diffusion equation. The KMC model was then implemented to quantify the transport of methane through hydrated micropores, in which case atomistic molecular dynamic simulation results were reproduced. The model was then used to study flow through pore networks, where it was able to quantify the effect of the pore length and the effect of the network’s connectivity. The results are consistent with experiments but also provide additional physical insights. Extension of the model will be useful to better understand fluid transport in shale rocks.
Visualization study on the enhancement of heat transfer for the groove flat-plate heat pipe with nanoflower coated CuO layer
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Li Qiang
Published: October 2017

A flat-plate heat pipe combining the groove structure and the nanoflower structure was developed to improve the wettability of the wick and enhance the phase change heat transfer. The flow and boiling phenomenon of the coolant inside the flat-plate heat pipe was experimentally observed and quantitatively analyzed by the visualization system. The experiment results indicated that the nanoflower coated groove flat-plate heat pipe, owning to its higher wetting area, larger boiling area, and more violent boiling behaviors, possessed a higher two phase heat transfer rate and larger equivalent thermal conductivity under high heat load conditions compared with the groove flat-plate heat pipe. Our work demonstrates a promising approach to address thermal management challenges for high heat flux electronic devices.