bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNDERSTANDING INTERNALIZATION THEORY AND MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES FROM EMERGING ECONOMIES IN BUSINESS HISTORY PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Dagnachew Sewenet Anteneh
Published: June 2021

This review paper is focused on applying and advancing the Internalization theory to address some of the most current gaps. This paper draws together and synthesizes the lessons learned from the various papers on internalization theory integrated with a business history perspective in this special issue.The review, therefore, is providing a comprehensive understanding of the internalization theory and how it will accommodate the issue of multinationals from emerging economies. To this end, the core point of this paper review focused on demonstrating how to better understand internalization theory and to show how the general internalization theory could be applicable in emerging economy multinationals. While discussing internalization theory and emerging multinationals important insights revealed complementing the business theory with business history to rethink using this two for current business phenomena. Finally, the paper discusses potential avenues for future research and conclusions.
A STUDY ON THE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Authors:   M.Com., B.Ed., M.Phil., Ph.D., Department of B.Com (Professional Accounting), PSGR Krishnammal College for Women, Coimbatore., Lakshmi G. , Banu K. Afrin ,   III B.Com (Professional Accounting), PSGRKrishnammalCollegefor Women, Coimbatore., F. Afrin ,   III B.Com (Professional Accounting), PSGRKrishnammalCollegefor Women, Coimbatore., C Divya ,   III B.Com (Professional Accounting), PSGRKrishnammalCollegefor Women, Coimbatore.
Published: June 2021

Thefinancialanalysishelpsinknowingthefinancialperformance ofthecompany. It also helps the company to predict the future profits and totake corrective measures to achieve them. The study is to analyze thefinancial performance of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) for a periodof five years. The objective of the study is to determine the liquidity,profitability andturnover rate of RIL. The tool used to analyze thefinancial position of the company is Ratio analysis. The tool helps incomparing the financial status of the current year with past years andalso in providing few suggestions with which the company can improveto do better in the future. The data are collected from the secondarysources like annual reports, company websites and other reliable sites.From the analysis, we find that the company is lagging in various areas.Improving which will help the company to achieve its ideal ratios. Theprofitability and turnover ratios are better when compared to liquidityratios. The company was able to achieve the ideal ratios of profitabilityin few years but couldnt achieve the liquidity ratios even for a singleyear.Alsotheworkingcapitalturnoverhasbeennegativeforallthefiveyears. The company must improve to bring the working capital to apositive rate by decreasing its current liabilities. The current liabilitieshave always been more than the current assets which is not good for thecompany.
AN ONLINE SURVEY STUDY ON MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PRODUCTS AND ITS UTILIZATION
Authors:   Assistant Professor , Department of Costume Design and Fashion, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641014, Tamil Nadu, India., Yasotha P. , Kiruthika P. ,   PG Student , Department of Costume Design and Fashion, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore-641014, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: June 2021

Sanitary napkin is an important aspect of the menstrual management for women and adolescent girls between menarche and menopause. It is an important issue concerning women and girls in the menstruating age group, access to menstrual hygiene products. A questionnaire was prepared focusing on sanitary napkin usage method, problems faced and future product preference on the brands that are available in the market. The colleges going teen age girls having the age between 17 to 25 were selected as the respondents. The prepared questionnaire was transformed into Google form to facilitate the online survey. These forms where shared from the Goole drive and the responses were recorded as result.
THE FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONAL INFORMATION DISCLOSURE AND USAGE CONTINUANCE INTENTION ON MOBILE SOCIAL NETWORKING SERVICES
Authors: Ghaderian Sara , Mohd Hirwani Wan Hussain Wan
Published: June 2021

Human life has been greatly changed by the explosive growth of the internet and social media. This paper explores the factors affecting the individual information disclosure and usage continuance intention on mobile social networking services. Therefore, this study is aimed to test hypothesesrelated to the proposed calculus theory rather than generate new hypotheses. Therefore, the present research study is deductive in nature and thus is consistent with the positivism paradigm. The present study intends to adopt a quantitative research strategy using a structured survey questionnaire. Questionnaires are prepared on a five-pointLikert scale and distributed to 180 individuals in the Klang Valley in Malaysia. Indeed, the opinions of the respondents are different from each other a non-probability sampling tool has been used. The results of the study were analyzed by Pearson correlation tests and indicate that several parameters are highly significant, including privacy concerns, perceived risk, information sensitivity, reliable beliefs, perceived usefulness, and relationships for disclosure. The information mentioned that the respondents notice in the disclosure of information and their intention to use it. Three factors, such as privacy concern, perceived risk, and information sensitivity, are associated negatively with significance towards the information discloser among the users of the mobile apps in social networks in Malaysia. The other three factors, such as trusting beliefs, perceived usefulness, and relationship building, are positively associated with information disclosure.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF HYPNOTEACHING METHOD ON MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTION BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN MUNCAR, BANYUWANGI, INDONESIA
Authors:   Department of Elementary School Teacher Education, Indonesia Open University., a Wiyono , Sulthon Masyhud M. ,   Department of Elementary School Teacher Education, The University of Jember., Dyah Prastiti Tri ,   Department of Elementary School Teacher Education, Indonesia Open University.
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to investigate the implementation of hypnoteaching method on mathematics instruction in Muncar, Banyuwangi, Indonesia. The research used descriptive research design in the form of case study. The research subjects were the sixth grade elementary school teachers of five schools in the school work group VI in Muncar sub-district of Banyuwangi district. The data were collected by using interview, questionnaire, observation and documentation. To analyze the collected data, descriptive qualitative and descriptive statistics were used. The research findings were as the following. 1) The teaching learning process inmathematics instruction from pre instructional activities, main activities up to post activities was good (78.9%). 2) The students participation in the hypnoteaching class showed: a) activities in group working, in giving ideas, and in answering questions were good (79.86 %), b) responses on hypnoteaching instruction was very good (90.9 %), and c) assessment on the teachers performance was very good ( 90.2 %), 3) the quality of hypnoteaching method with eight aspects was good. Three aspects: empathy, sympathy, and communication ability, were very good (86.66%) whereas the other five aspects: teachers performance, language use, appropriate expression with the subjects, motivating students, and managing students mood, were good (71.6%). The eight aspects were implemented well by the teachers in grade VI at the Public Elementary School (SDN) 1 Sumbersewu (75.0 %), SDN 3 Sumbersewu (72.7%), and SDN 4 Sumbersewu (72.2%).
KYSTE DU TRACTUS THYREOGLOSSE DE DECOUVERTE TARDIVE CHEZ UN SUJET AGE DE 80 ANS
Authors:   Service DORL Hopital Militaire De Nouakchott-Mauritanie., Edde Dih H. , Tijani M. ,   Service De Radiologie Hopital Militaire De Nouakchott-Mauritanie., Ledour A. ,   Service DORL Hopital Militaire De Nouakchott-Mauritanie.
Published: June 2021

Le KTT reste une tumeur rare de ladulte et peut reveler un cancer. Limagerie et lhistopathologie conditionnent la prise en charge. Toute fois la chirurgie selon Sistrunk reste le traitement de reference dans les formes de KTT simples.
EFFECT OF MORTALITY SALIENCE ON HEALTH COMPROMISING BEHAVIOR
Authors:   Department of Education Psychology, Federal College of Education, Eha Amufu, Enugu State, Nigeria., C. Onah Paschal , I. Omatalu Daniel ,   Department of Education Psychology, Federal College of Education, Eha Amufu, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Published: June 2021

Over the decades, researchers have leaned on the TMT to explain numerous phenomena, including consumer choice, exercise motivation, risky driving behavior, and other behavioral domains. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mortality salience on RSB as a health-compromising behavior. Sixty-two participants took part in the study. A quasi-experimental design was adopted. The result showed that MS increased resentment to RSB in the experimental condition (M = 44.82, SD= 9.28) compare to the control condition (M = 21.27, SD = 5.19). An independent t-test was used to test the studys hypothesis, and the result established a statistically significant differential effect of MS on RSB resentment between the conditions. We conclude that MS is effective in mitigating the incidence of RSB.
PREVALENCE OF LAMENESS AND ASSOCIATED FOOT LESIONS IN SAHIWAL DAIRY COWS
Authors:   M.V.Sc. scholar, College of Veterinary Science Guru AngadDev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, India., Singh Puneet , Singh Swaran ,   Professor cum Head, Department of Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Guru AngadDev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana -141004, Punjab, India., Kumar Gupta Dhiraj ,   Faculty of Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Guru AngadDev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, India., Randhawa C.S. ,   Faculty of Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science, Guru AngadDev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana - 141004, Punjab, India.
Published: June 2021

Lameness is 3rd most prevalent disease after mastitis and infertility, in the dairy industry today and is an important welfare issue causing significant impact on dairy economics. Lameness leads to involuntary culling of lactating dairy cattle due to significant effect on production and reproduction.Mostly lameness occurs due to foot lesions irrespective of breed, management and of animal. Two hundred and four Sahiwal dairy cows were evaluated for lameness and associated claw lesionsin the study from local dairy farms of Punjab. Clinical lameness (lameness score 2 & 3) was evident in 6 per cent of animals. After lameness scoring, each animal was restrained in chute and hooves were examined before and after paring 1 mm of hoof tissue from weight bearing surface. Seventy three per cent animals had at least one lesion in their hooves. On animal level, under run soles (45%) were found to be most prevalent claw lesion followed by white line lesions (29%), overgrown soles (7%), cork screw hooves (5%), sole avulsions (5%), sole hemorrhages (3%), heel erosions (3%), double soles (2%) and wall cracks (1%). At claw level, prevalence of lesions was 35.3 per cent, among which under run soles were the most prevalent lesion (19.3%) followed by white line lesions (16.3%), overgrown soles (2.82%), cork screw hooves (1.84%), sole avulsions (1.47%), sole hemorrhages (1.04%), heel horn erosions (0.61%), double soles (0.49%), wall cracks (0.25%) and toe hemorrhages (0.12%). Lactation length and parity had no effect on lameness. Comparatively more lesions were seen in hind limb hooves (56.8%) as compared to forelimb hooves (43.2%). Fore lateral and hind medial claws had more lesions (58.8% and 76.47%, respectively) as compared to contralateral claws 52.9% and 70.5%, respectively). Overall, a low prevalence of clinical lameness was seen in Sahiwal dairy cows.
MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY CONTROL OF SOYMILK SOLD IN KOGI STATE
Authors:   Department of Biology, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa., O. Omale Moses
Published: June 2021

There is a growing public health concern about the increase of do-it-yourself soymilk commonly found in every part of our society. The purpose of the present research was to examine the microbiological implications of the soymilk sold in the Kogi state of Nigeria. Samples were collected from vendors in different locations. The analysis was conducted on the samples using established standard procedures. The result found certain microorganisms such as micrococcus spp, Lactobacillus spp, streptococcus spp, enterobacterspp,Klebsiella spp, and other fungi which comprises Aspergillus sppand Saccharomyces. The study concludes that the soymilks sold in Kogi state are mostly contaminated due to the producers unhygienic practices.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HYPTIS SUAVEOLENS EXTRACT AND ITS EFFECTS ON THE GROWTH OF DISEASE-CAUSING PARASITES
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa, Kogi State, Nigeria., M. Agenyi Racheal
Published: June 2021

Plants extracts contain many essential natural synthesized chemical compounds with considerable potentials for medicinal exploitation and application. There has been a growing concern about the adverse effects of mosquito repellants and the need to search for natural and environment-friendly Mosquito repellants. Synthetic insecticides and their associated toxicity issuesand the growing incidence of insect resistance haveinspired novel insecticides. The present study analyzed the phytochemical extract of H. suaveolensand its effect on mosquito pupa. A total number of pupa (320) was poured into a 200ml glass beaker twenty pupae each per three hours was introduced into a glass beaker containing different extract concentrations (ppm) of Hyptissuaveolens. Twenty pupae were introduced in contrast to a glass beaker containing 100ml of distilled water treated with 1ml of acetone used as treated control. Twenty pupae were introduced into 100ml of distilled water and used as untreated control.The result reveals that Hyptissuaveolenspossesses inhibitory activity against Anopheles gambiae.
RELIGIOUS COMMITMENT AS A PREDICTOR OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS REGULAR EXERCISE AMONG THE MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS
Authors:   Department of Physical and Health Education, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa., a Patrick , Yahaya D. ,   Department of Physical and Health Education, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa., O. Ekpa Joseph ,   Department of Physical and Health Education, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa.
Published: June 2021

Exercise refers to any intentional activity aimed to promote or maintains physical fitness and overall wellness. Regular exercise is crucial in maintaining healthy well-being. There is a growing concern that most middle-aged adults commit less to physical exercise. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes of middle-aged adults towards regular exercise based on religious commitment. One hundred and six middle-aged adults within the age range of 40-49 (M = 45.04, SD = 2.37) comprising males and females were mainly pooled from the Kogi state civil service between January and March, 2021. A cross-sectional design was adopted. It was hypothesized that religious commitment would significantly account for the variance in adults attitude towards regular exercise. However, the linear regression analysis conducted on the data revealed no statistically significant effect of religious commitment on attitude towards regular exercise. The study concludes that religious belief does not account for the variation in attitude towards regular exercise among the middle-aged adults in Nigeria.
ROLE OF ACADEMIC SELF-EFFICACY ON ATTITUDE TOWARDS RESEARCH ACTIVITIES AMONG NIGERIAN UNDERGRADUATES
Authors:   Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa., a Joseph , Toluhi O. ,   Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa., D. Femi Mathew ,   Department of Integrated Science, Kogi State College of Education, Ankpa.
Published: June 2021

Research is a ubiquitous part of education at the tertiary level across the globe. Research is fundamental in the advancement and improvement of every aspect of our world. The demand for students participation in research activities has increasingly been adopted in many tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Therefore, this study aims to determine attitude towards research activities among Nigerias undergraduates based on academic self-efficacy. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. The study population comprised students from two public tertiary institutions in Nigeria (Kogi State University and Benue State University). One hundred and twenty-seven undergraduates(n=127) comprising males and females wererandomly selected to participatein the study. The participants completed self-report measures, including a self-develop instrument designed to ascertain students attitudes towards research activities and the College Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (CASES). Linear regression analysis was conducted to determine the variation in attitude towards research activity based on students academic self-efficacy. The investigation revealed that academic self-efficacy statistically significantly predicted attitude towards research activity at F (1,125), 60.035, P<.000. With adjusted R2,the predictor variable accounted for 22.2% of the variance in attitude towards research activity. The study concluded that academic self-efficacy is a significant predictor of attitude towards research activities.
HARVEST AND POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT FOR ENSURING QUALITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Authors:   Research & Development Center, Ayurvet Research Foundation, Sonepat, Haryana., Malik Suruchi , Sharma Kirti ,   Research & Development Center, Ayurvet Research Foundation, Sonepat, Haryana., Kanaujia Anil ,   Research & Development Center, Ayurvet Research Foundation, Sonepat, Haryana.
Published: June 2021

The instant rising demand of plant-based drugs is unfortunately creating heavy pressure on some selected high-value medicinal plant population in the wild. The safety, quality and efficacy of these products have become a major concern for health authorities and the consumers. Unavailability of proper production technology and suitable area of cultivation, post-harvest processing, market constraints and low economic returns as compared to major cereal crops, are the main problems in cultivation of these herbs and spices. Safe, efficacious and a high-quality product showing batch to batch consistency can be maintained by following harvesting and post harvesting standard guidelines for MAPs (Medicinal & Aromatic Plants).
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND GC-MS ANALYSIS OF METHANOLIC LEAVES EXTRACT OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L. AND MALWA SYLVESTRIS L
Authors:   Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi-110025, India., Sadiq S. Zarger Mohd , Akhtar Nida ,   Department of Nursing, University College of Aldayer, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia., Khatoon Fehmeeda ,   Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi-110025, India.
Published: June 2021

India is one of the richest known in terms of biodiversity, especially the northern India Jammu and Kashmir one of the beautiful geographical regions of the world is hub of medicinal plants. Two medicinal plants namely Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Malwa sylvestris L. were selected for the study. The aim of this research was to investigate presence of preliminary phytochemicals and to determine the total flavonoid and phenolic content. Isolation of phytoconstituents was analyzed through GC-MS. The solvent used was methanol and for the organic solvent extraction Soxhlet apparatus was used. The extract was then separated by GC-MS through Shimadzu (2010) model. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the methanolic leaves extracts of G. glabra L. and M. sylvestris L. was carried out using standard methods which showed alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols and anthraquinones respectively. Total phenolic content derived were 15.5mg/gm, 16.2mg/gm, 13.6mg/gm, 18.3gm/gm, 14.4mg/gm 13.6mg/gm, 24.3mg/gm, 19.5mg/gm, 21.3mg/gm and total flavonoid content derived were 10.2mg/gm, 23.4mg/gm, 18.5mg/gm, 19.3mg/gm, 24.3mg/gm, 19.8mg/gm, 22.4mg/gm, 25.6mg/gm, 16.2mg/gm respectively. GC-MS analysis showed forty two chemicals compounds from G. glabra L. and forty from M. sylvestris L. there were some major compounds noticed in both extracts which provided the evidence that these plants contain medicinally important bioactive compounds which can be used traditionally for the treatment of different kinds of fungal and bacterial diseases.
COMPUTING THE MATRIX POWERS OF MATRIX
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka., S. Kumara K.K.W.A.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, considering fractional matrix power definition, we define matrix powers of matrixusing matrix exponential and matrix logarithm. Finally present a guide for computingthe matrix powers of matrix.
CHANGING CONCEPTS OF BEAUTY IN ORTHODONTICS
Authors: Dutta Anushriya , Singh Vishal , Singla Anshul
Published: June 2021

Over the years we have become more educated and conscious, with that there is a continuous transitions of concepts regarding esthetics and shift in the mindset and the standard of beauty by the common people and orthodontist. The invention of newer technologies, methods and upsurge in the amount of research performed worldwide has resulted in both technological and conceptual changes in every era. This transition is dynamic in nature and will be superior with continued efforts.
DC RAILWAY POWER FLOW ANALYSIS FOR ADDIS ABABA LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT USING NEWTON RAPHSON METHOD
Authors:   African Railway center of Excellence, Addid Ababa Institut of Technology, Ethiopia., Mugaruka Josue Mugisho , Nibaruta Regis ,   African Railway center of Excellence, Addid Ababa Institut of Technology, Ethiopia.
Published: June 2021

This paper uses Newtonâ€“Raphson method for DC power flow analysis of the Addis Ababa light Rail Transit (AALRT). The study focuses onthe line section from Menilik II square station up to Lideta station. First the tractive effort required by the trains for different scenarios such as train movement in a straight line, a curved line, and a line with gradient is computed as the chosen line section contains all these scenarios. Then the total input power will be calculated using computed tractive effort obtained for each scenario and using other input parameters obtained from AALRT, and different papers. The input power for the different loads is computed, and the input power is used to analyse the bus voltage for different loads and train positions. Newton Raphson Method is used to solve the DC Power bus problem assuming that the train requires constant power while moving between two feeding stations. Even if using the rail as the return conductor for DC traction systems has economic advantages, it has some limitations like the rail potential and stray current. A rail potential study is carried out and conclusions are drawn. The result shows that the maximum voltage drop was 0.1 p.u and the train power consumption increases by 136.73 kW as the train takes a gradient of 3.92% and keep increasing again by 29.17kw with a curve resistance (100 meters). The Rail potential moves from 6.0139V to 29.85V proportionally with the variation of the total ground resistance.
Proposed changes to the Bank Indonesia law as a solution to the impact of the COVID-19 spread on banking in Indonesia
Authors: Anita Christiani Theresia
Published: June 2021

Every amendment to the Bank Indonesia Law is caused by a situation that requires changes to the Law regulating the Central Bank in Indonesia as a solution. The spread of COVID-19 in Indonesia has also led to proposals to amend the Bank Indonesia Law. The purpose of the study is to find answers to the relevance of the proposed Amendment to Bank Indonesia Law to address the spread of COVID-19 to banking institutions in Indonesia. This type of research methods is normative legal research. In normative legal analysis, secondary data are used, consisting of primary and secondary legal materials. They are obtained from applicable regulations in Indonesia. The study results show that every change is always based on events that prove the weak implementation of existing rules with a regulatory and conceptual approach. The spread of COVID-19 is a situation, that has no practical basis and requires amendments to the Bank Indonesia Law as an alternative solution. Also, the proposed amendments are not yet relevant to address the impact of COVID-19 on banks because they have not yet realized and achieved the legal goals of providing benefits to the community. AcknowledgmentThanks to Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Indonesia, for providing funding for research and publication.
Thermophysical Characteristics of Tropical Fruits in Milk Powder Products
Authors: Korotkiy Igor , Neverov Evgeniy , Vladimirov Alexander , Neverova Olga , Proskuryakova Larisa
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Canning requires thermophysical calculations for thermal or cold processing. These calculations are based on thermophysical characteristics of raw materials. The research objective was to analyze the thermophysical characteristics of tropical fruits.

Study objects and methods. The study featured kiwi, papaya, avocado, and figs. Their thermal conductivity was analyzed with the help of stationary fiber plate method. The cryoscopic temperature was determined from the flat area of the thermogram obtained during freezing. The heat capacity and the amount of frozen moisture were determined by calculation based on the available data on the chemical composition of the fruits. The density was defined by using the hydrostatic weighing method, the sugar content – by the refractometric method, the moisture content – by drying to constant mass.

Results and discussion. The research revealed the physicochemical parameters of kiwi, avocado, papaya, and figs. Papaya demonstrated the highest moisture content – 86.32 ± 0.02%, while kiwi appeared to have the highest density – 1,065 ± 1 kg/m3. Figs had the highest sugar content – 16.0 ± 0.1%. The thermal conductivity coefficient of fresh and frozen tropical fruits was determined experimentally and increased after freezing. Frozen avocado showed only a slight increase in thermal conductivity coefficient because of its low moisture content while frozen figs demonstrated a significant increase in the thermal conductivity coefficient – by 3.3 times. This product possessed the highest thermal conductivity: 0.63 ± 0.02 W/(m·K) for the fresh samples and 2.06 ± 0.02 W/(m·K) for the frozen samples. The thermal conductivity coefficient of kiwi and papaya increased by 2 and 4.2 times, respectively. The experiment also examined the effect of protective plastic wrap and ripeness on the thermal conductivity coefficient. The film proved to have a negative effect on the reliability of thermophysical analysis. The cryoscopic temperature was determined empirically. Such thermophysical properties as heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, and frozen moisture were based on the available chemical composition.

Conclusion. The research revealed the physicochemical parameters of kiwi, avocado, papaya, and figs. It included a set of experiments on the thermal conductivity coefficient of fresh and frozen tropical fruits. The obtained values can be used to develop the optimal parameters of thermal processing, refrigeration, and thermal treatment of new products. They can also be useful for fortifying dairy and bakery products with exotic fruits.
Food Allergens and Methods for Producing Hypoallergenic Foods
Authors: Gromov Danil , Borisova Anna , Bakharev Vladimir
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Healthy nutrition is one of the global problems that humanity is facing today, of which food safety and food allergies are the most relevant issues. A lot of chemicals used as food raw materials possess allergenic properties. Food producers are only beginning to realize the scale of this problem. As a result, hypoallergenic products and methods of food allergy prevention are at an early stage of development.

Study objects and methods. The paper is a review of twenty years of research on food allergy.

Results and discussion. The article describes the main sources of food allergens and allergenic proteins of plant and animal origin. It also gives various classifications of food allergens in terms of their stability and ability to maintain antigenic properties after processing, as well as provides methods for allergenicity reduction and hypoallergenic food production.

Conclusion. Thermal and enzymatic processing are currently the most popular methods of reducing allergenicity of food raw materials. New approaches are based on enzymatic activity of microorganisms, the chemical modification of allergenic proteins, and the removal of allergenic proteins by binding them into complexes. The combination of enzymatic processing with high hydrostatic pressure or high-intensity ultrasound is the most promising direction in the production of hypoallergenic raw materials. Other promising methods are based on the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, chemical modification of allergenic proteins, and complexation with polyphenols, anthocyanins, etc. The future lies with genetic modification, which, however, still remains too complex, time-consuming, and understudied. Most novel methods need clinical trials to confirm the possibility of their use for commercial hypoallergenic food production.
Anthocyanin Films in Freshness Assessment of Minced Fish
Authors: Chesnokova Natalya , Prikhodko Yury , Kuznetsova Alla , Kushnarenko Liudmila , Gerasimova Valeria
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Smart food packaging that alerts consumers to spoilt food by changing color is based on affordable and biodegradable raw materials. The research objective was to develop films from anionic polysaccharides and anthocyanin pigment that can be used as a freshness indicator of minced fish.

Study objects and methods. The study featured frozen black currant berries (Ríbes nígrum), polysaccharide-based anthocyanin films, and minced fish. Extracts of anthocyanin pigment and films based on agar, kappa-carrageenan, chitosan, starch, and anthocyanin pigments were analyzed by IR spectroscopy.

Results and its discussion. Anionic polysaccharides, i.e. agar and kappa-carrageenan, demonstrated good film-forming properties. Films based on 1.5% agar and 2% kappa-carrageenan showed elasticity, resilience, plasticity, and sufficient resistance to mechanical deformation. Neutral polysaccharide starch and cationic polysaccharide chitosan appeared to have no such qualities. An IR spectral analysis revealed chemical interactions between polysaccharide and anthocyanin molecules. It indicated the electrostatic nature of the polyelectrolyte complexes of the anthocyanin pigment with anionic polysaccharides. A film based on 1.5% agar fortified with anthocyanin pigment was used as a test-system for analyzing the quality of fish. The minced fish samples were wrapped in the anthocyanin film and left for 2–7 min to register the color change of the film. When the anthocyanin film came in contact with fresh fish, the color of the film did not change even after prolonged contact. When the film came into contact with spoilt fish, the color of the film began to change after 2 min of contact. When the contact time reached 7 min, the film turned blue.

Conclusion. The type of polysaccharide and the interaction between polysaccharides and anthocyanin pigment had a significant effect on film formation. Anionic polysaccharides demonstrated the best results. Electrostatic interactions between anionic polysaccharides and anthocyanin pigments produced stable polyelectrolyte complexes. The new smart films were able to determine the quality of minced fish.
Cheese Market in Moscow and the Moscow Region: A Regional Analysis
Authors: Chebotarev Sergei , Dibrova Zhanna , Suray Natalya
Published: June 2021

Introduction. Cheese production is a promising niche with high profitability and excellent growth prospects. The city of Moscow and the Moscow region are the largest producers of cheeses and cheese products in Russia. Cheese production is developing there as part of the import substitution policy. The article describes some promising development directions of the local cheese industry.

Study objects and methods. The paper analyzes and generalizes recent research publications, as well as regulatory and legislative documents, from legislative, statistical, and diagnostic positions.

Results and discussion. The Moscow Region ranks second in the Central Federal District in terms of gross milk production; its indicator was 700 000 tons by the end of 2020. In 2016–2020, the list of leading cheese-producing areas included the regions of Altai, Moscow, Bryansk, Belgorod, and Voronezh. In Moscow and the Moscow region, the largest share in the structure of cheese production belongs to semi-hard cheeses followed by whizzed and soft cheese, with the annual consumption of cheese of 7 kg.

Conclusion. The article features the current state of cheese market in the city of Moscow and the Moscow region, its development prospects, structure, production dynamics, consumption rate, etc. The paper also contains a forecast of the regional cheese production based on new production technologies and assortment policy.
Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment
Authors: Escher Beate , Neale Peta , Leusch Frederic
Published: June 2021

The first edition of Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment was released in 2012. The field has exploded since and the second edition updates and reviews the application of bioanalytical tools for water quality assessment including surveillance monitoring. The book focuses on applications to water quality assessment ranging from wastewater to drinking water, including recycled water, as well as treatment processes and advanced water treatment. Emerging applications for other environmental matrices are also included. Bioanalytical Tools in Water Quality Assessment, Second Edition, not only demonstrates applications but also fills in the background knowledge in toxicology/ecotoxicology needed to appreciate these applications. Each chapter summarises fundamental material in a targeted way so that information can be applied to better understand the use of bioanalytical tools in water quality assessment.

The book can be used by lecturers teaching academic and professional courses and also by risk assessors, regulators, experts, consultants, researchers and managers working in the water sector. It can also be a reference manual for environmental engineers, analytical chemists and toxicologists.

Detailed descriptions of dose-response assessment, data reporting, mixture modelling and quality assurance/quality control are complemented by a series of online resources and tools to apply some of the principles and data methods explained in this book. This supplementary information is available at www.ufz.de/bioanalytical-tools.

ISBN: 9781789061970 (Paperback)

ISBN: 9781789061987 (eBook)
How are we actually doing? Comparing water and sanitation in Kenya with MDG and SDG criteria
Authors: Trepanier Lauren , Orare Josephine , Nyagwencha John , Grady Caitlin
Published: June 2021

This cross-sectional study assesses the extent to which water and sanitation access differs among respondents in three counties in Western and Rift Valley Kenya. By using both Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) criteria, we utilize important geographical nuances of SDG water and sanitation provisioning across rural and urban settings to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the MDGs and SDGs in each context. Purposive heterogenous sampling using local knowledge was employed to select households who represent varying rural and urban contexts with differing land use practices. Differences in water and sanitation access based on varying MDG/SDG water criteria showcase how the shift from technology-based criteria to service provisioning criteria affects understanding of progress and remaining challenges toward water and sanitation provisioning. Results indicate that although 72% of respondents have Improved Water per MDG criteria, only 34% have Safely Managed Water and 36% have Basic Water as per the SDGs. Component analyses show SDG criteria with the lowest percentages of achievement were: microbial and fluoride water quality and that sanitation facilities were not shared with other households. These results pinpoint areas where there is a need for increased research and investment surrounding how to achieve specific SDG criteria and increase access to safe water and sanitation.
Effects of core characteristics on seepage through earth dams
Authors: Abdel-Kawy Allaa O. , AboulAtta Nahla M. , El-Molla Doaa A.
Published: June 2021

In this research, SEEP2D and SEEP/W numerical models are used to simulate seepage through earth dams with internal cores. In order to evaluate the two models' performance, they were compared in cases with no, vertical, and wedge-shaped cores. SEEP/W was then used to study further cases due to its accuracy in drawing the phreatic line within the core zone. The effect of the core's characteristics on the amount of discharge, and the phreatic line's levels at the core's upstream and downstream faces were investigated. Four core types – vertical, wedge-shaped, upstream inclined, and downstream inclined – were considered. Different hydraulic conductivities, upper widths, and core slopes were also evaluated. The wedge-shaped core is the most effective of those investigated in reducing seepage discharge and the phreatic line's level at the core's downstream face, the vertical core came second. Design equations are provided for all the core shapes considered in the study.
Chlorination contributes to multi-antibiotic resistance in a pilot-scale water distribution system
Authors: Li Jinmei , Zhang Shuting , Guo Lizheng , Chen Lihua , Yu Zhisheng
Published: June 2021

The generation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment has become a critical risk to human health. This study is based on a pilot-scale simulated water distribution system to understand the effects of chlorine disinfection treatment (without free chlorine) on ARB and ARGs in biofilms. The hydraulic parameters and pipe materials of the system were simulated based on a drinking water system. The results of the colony counts showed that bacterial multi-antibiotic resistance could be enhanced 13-fold in the biofilms of the pipeline. The use of high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR) indicated that the total relative abundance of ARGs in biofilm samples increased significantly (p < 0.05), while the diversity of bacteria was shown to be reduced via taxonomic analysis of the V3–V4 region of 16S rRNA. The prominent types of ARGs were conferred resistance by aminoglycoside and β-lactam after the chlorine disinfection treatment, and antibiotic deactivation was the main mechanism. Phyla Proteobacteria had the highest abundance in both treatment and control groups but decreased from 70.81% (initial biofilm sample) to 26.09% (the sixth-month biofilm sample) in the treatment groups. The results show that the chlorine disinfection plays a role in the risk of development of bacterial antibiotic resistance in pipe networks owing to bacteria in biofilms. This study was the first to investigate the contribution of chlorination without free chlorine to the bacterial community shift and resistome alteration in biofilms at a pilot-test level.
Targeting Bacterial Membrane Proteins to Explore the Beneficial
Effects of Natural Products: New Antibiotics against Drug Resistance
Authors: Huang Piying , Wang Zhe , Cai Kun , Wei Liangwan , Chu Yindi , Guo Mingquan , Fan Enguo
Published: June 2021

:

Antibiotic resistance is currently a world health crisis that urges the development of
new antibacterial substances. To this end, natural products, including flavonoids, alkaloids,
terpenoids, steroids, peptides and organic acids play a vital role in the development of medicines
and thus constitute a rich source in clinical practices, providing an important source of
drugs directly or for the screen of lead compounds for new antibiotic development. Because
membrane proteins, which comprise more than 60% of the current clinical drug targets, play
crucial roles in signal transduction, transport, bacterial pathogenicity and drug resistance, as
well as immunogenicity, it is our aim to summarize those natural products with different
structures that target bacterial membrane proteins, such as efflux pumps and enzymes, to provide
an overview for the development of new antibiotics to deal with antibiotic resistance.
Thioethers: An Overview
Authors: Han M. İhsan , Küçükgüzel Ş. Güniz
Published: June 2021

:

Spreading rapidly in recent years, cancer has become one of the causes of the highest mor-tality rates after cardiovascular diseases. The reason for cancer development is still not clearly under-stood despite enormous research activities in this area. Scientists are now working on the biology of cancer, especially on the root cause of cancer development. The aim is to treat the cancer disease and thus cure the patients. The continuing efforts for the development of novel molecules as potential anti-cancer agents are essential for this purpose. The main aim of this review was to present a survey on the medicinal chemistry of thioethers and provide practical data on their cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines. The research articles published between 2001-2020 were consulted to pre-pare this review article; however, patent literature has not been included. The thioether-containing heterocyclic compounds may emerge as a new class of potent and effective anti-cancer agents in the future.
Combination Therapy as a Strategy to Control Infections Caused by
Multi-resistant Bacteria: Current Review
Authors: Hernandez-Rodriguez Patricia , Baquero Ludy P.
Published: June 2021

:

Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is one of the main challenges of today's medicine because
it has become a global problem that affects the treatment of multiple infections and impacts
public health. This resistance is caused as the bacteria generate selective pressure-promoting
mechanisms to evade the action of conventional drugs, which are also associated with adverse
effects. Infections caused by these multi-resistant bacteria potentially reduce the possibility of effective
therapy; this situation increases morbidity and mortality and treatment costs. Therefore, to
establish combined therapy as a strategy for the control of infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria,
a bibliographic search was carried out between 2015 and 2020 in databases such as PubMed,
Scopus and Science Direct. The exhaustive review of the articles allowed a critical analysis of the
information. Mechanisms were identified for obtaining drugs with antimicrobial potential, their biological
activity and the possible effect of their combination against multidrug-resistant bacteria as
an alternative for infectious disease control and as a response to reduce the use of antibiotics. Combined
therapy is presented as an innovative therapeutic alternative, which uses non-antibiotic substances
that can be obtained by three routes: the repositioning of drugs, synthetic substances and natural
products. In this way, important elements are provided to guide researches that seek to reduce
antimicrobial resistance.
Recent Opportunities and Challenges in Selective C-H Functionalization of Methyl Azaarenes: A Highlight from 2010 to 2020 Studies
Authors: Abedinifar Fahimeh , Mahdavi Mohammad , Asadi Mehdi , Hamedifar Haleh , Ansari Samira , Larijani Bagher
Published: June 2021

Azaarenes are unique scaffolds that are frequently found in pharmaceuticals. Herein we
have summarized the recent synthetic available methods in C–H functionalization of
methylazaarenes from 2010 to 2020. Multiple approaches involving halogenation, alkylation via
different methods, alkenylation, oxidative functionalization, and cyclization of the methylazaarenes
will be discussed in this review.
Formulation, Optimization and In Vitro Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating
Tablets of Salbutamol Sulphate using a Combination of Superdisintegrant
and Subliming Agent
Authors: Belete Anteneh , Ejeta Fikadu , Gabriel Tesfaye , Joseph Nisha Mary
Published: June 2021

Aim:

The present research work was aimed to formulate fast disintegrating tablets (FDTs)
of salbutamol sulphate (SBS) using a combination of a superdisintegrant and a subliming agent,
optimize the formulation and evaluate the in vitro performance of the developed FDTs.

Materials and Methods:

A formulation of SBS FDT was developed using a combination of superdisintegrant
- crospovidone and subliming agent - Ammonium Bicarbonate (AB) in which formulation
variables, namely levels of crospovidone and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC):Mannitol (MNTL)
ratio, were evaluated for their effects on the response variables, disintegration time, hardness,
friability and wetting time, of the resulting FDTs. By employing Central Composite Design
(CCD) methodology, the FDTs were optimized to achieve optimum levels of the formulation factors.

Results:

The desired optimum condition was obtained at 7.82% crospovidone and 70% of 1.56:1
MCC: MNTL ratio, while maintaining AB at 5% level for aesthetic reasons. Under the optimized
conditions, the disintegration time, hardness, friability, and wetting time were 14.57 ± 0.53 sec,
7.17 ± 0.82 kg/cm2, 0.311% and 13.14 ± 0.69 sec, respectively. The experimentally observed responses
were found to be in close agreement with the predicted values for the optimized formulation.
Moreover, the validity of the obtained optimal point was confirmed by the low magnitude of
percent prediction error (< 5%).

Conclusion:

FDTs of SBS were successfully formulated and optimized using CCD employing a
combination of a superdisintegrant and a subliming agent.
Survey of In-silico Prediction of Anticancer Peptides
Authors: Ye Nan
Published: June 2021

Cancer is one of the major causes of death in human beings. While traditional cancer
treatments kill cancerous cells, they negatively affect normal cells. In addition, the side effects and
high medical costs of treatment prevent effective management of cancer. Nonetheless, anticancer
peptides have gained popularity over the recent years as potential therapeutic agents that may complement
traditional therapies. Compared to conventional wet-lab experiments, computation-based
methods provide a promising platform for high-throughput identification of peptides that have anticancer
activity. Therefore, this review summarizes the currently available databases for anticancer
peptides/proteins. This is a survey of 22 recently published in-silico methods that aim to predict anticancer
peptides accurately. More specifically, the article details the benchmark datasets, feature
construction, feature selection, machine learning algorithms, assessment criteria, comparison of different
methods, and publicly available predictors. We also compare the prediction performance of
these predictors to the benchmark dataset. Finally, the study makes several recommendations concerning
the future development of databases for anticancer peptides and methods that can be used
to predict anticancer peptides.