bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated With Adenoma Detection in Propofol-sedated Patients
Authors: Jia Hui , Koo Malcolm , Hsieh Yu-Hsi , Tseng Chih-Wei , Hu Chi-Tan , Zhang Linhui , Dong Tao , Pan Yanglin , Leung Felix W.
Published: June 2018

Goals:

To assess the factors associated with adenoma detection in propofol-sedated patients.

Backgrounds:

Low adenoma detection rate (ADR) are linked to increased risk of interval cancer and related deaths. Compared with air insufflation (AI) colonoscopy, the method of water exchange (WE) significantly decreased insertion pain and increased ADR in unsedated patients. Deep sedation with propofol has been increasingly used in colonoscopy. One report suggested that WE significantly increased ADR in propofol-sedated patients, but the factors associated with adenoma detection were not analyzed.

Study:

Post hoc multiple logistic regression analyses were performed based on pooled data from 2 randomized controlled trials to assess the factors associated with adenoma detection in propofol-sedated patients.

Results:

Propofol-sedated patients (n=510) were randomized to AI and WE. The baseline characteristics were comparable. Multiple logistic regression analyses show that age, withdrawal time, indications (screening vs. diagnostic), and WE were significantly and independently associated with higher ADR. WE had fewer patients with inadequate Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score of <6. Despite a significantly shorter inspection time, WE had significantly higher overall ADR than AI, especially in those with adequate Boston Bowel Preparation Scale of ≥6. Right colon ADR (17.5% vs. 10.5%), flat ADR (32.3% vs. 19.4%), combined advanced and sessile serrated ADR (13.1% vs. 7.4%) of WE were significantly higher than those of AI.

Conclusions:

WE enhanced quality of colonoscopy in propofol-sedated patients by significantly improving colon cleanliness and overall ADR. Colonoscopists with patients under propofol sedation might consider evaluating WE method for performance improvement.
Melatonin Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Zhao Qian , Tang Xinyue , Huang Junhua , Li Jiajia , Chen Qinfen , Sun Yangjie , Wu Jiansheng
Published: June 2018

Objectives

The objective of this study is to explore the effect of melatonin on endoplasmic reticulum stress in acute pancreatitis (AP) and the molecular mechanism.

Methods

Acute pancreatitis was induced in vivo in Sprague-Dawley rats by the retrograde injection of 5% taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct and in vitro by treating AR42J cells with cerulein (10 nmol/L) plus lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/L). The rats and cells were treated with melatonin (50 mg/kg in rats and 0.5, 1, and 2 mmol/L in AR42J cells) 30 minutes before AP was induced. After 9 hours, the cells and rat pancreas tissue were collected for Western blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, histological examination, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis.

Results

Inositol-requiring 1α (IRE1α)–mediated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway were activated early in AR42J cells and rat AP models. Melatonin significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Western blot and immunohistochemical results all indicated that melatonin regulated apoptosis-related protein expression. In addition, melatonin treatment resulted in significantly reduced pancreatic tissue injury, as revealed by histological changes and pathological scores. Furthermore, melatonin treatment significantly reduced the activation of IRE1α-mediated JNK/NF-κB pathway-related proteins.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that melatonin protects AR42J cells and Sprague-Dawley rats against AP-associated injury, probably through downregulation of IRE1α-mediated JNK/NF-κB pathways.
Detection of Changes in Immunohistochemical Stains Caused by Postmortem Delay and Fixation Time
Authors: Lundström Yasmin , Lundström Patrik , Popova Svetlana N. , Lindblom Rickard P.F. , Alafuzoff Irina
Published: June 2018

In this study, we have systematically assessed the influence of postmortem delay (PMD) and fixation time (FT) on the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining outcome. The IHC method is frequently applied on surgical and postmortem samples in diagnostics and research. To replicate the routine situation, brain tissues from pigs were exposed to either storage in a refrigerator (+8°C), that is, PMD (1 to 168 h), or fixed in 10% buffered formalin, that is, FT (18 to 94 d). Subsequently, the tissue was routinely processed into paraffin blocks to enable construction of tissue microarrays (TMA). Sections cut from the TMA blocks were stained applying 13 different antibodies directed against neuronal and glial antigens. Immunoreactivity applying 5 antibodies was influenced by prolonged PMD and applying 2 antibodies by prolonged FT. None of the staining outcomes related to the PMD or FT were predictable. Loss of TMA cores during processing was primarily influenced by pretreatment and by tissue characteristics (gray/white matter). The test model described here confirmed that these 2 variables, PMD and FT, indeed influence the IHC outcome. The PMD and FT are particularly of importance while assessing tissue samples obtained at autopsy. The result above is also of importance while comparing the IHC outcomes seen in the postmortem setting (various PMD/FT) with surgical samples or with IHC outcome seen in experimental animal setting (controlled PMD/FT). Thus, we suggest that the test model described here is considered when assessing the reliability of the IHC outcome when analyzing tissues with various characteristics.
Muscle pain syndromes and fibromyalgia: the role of muscle biopsy
Authors: Ruggiero Lucia , Manganelli Fiore , Santoro Lucio
Published: June 2018

Purpose of review

Muscle pain syndromes are extremely frequent cause of chronic disability, and a muscle biopsy is often performed to achieve a diagnosis when myalgia has a myopatic origin. Instead, the role of muscle biopsy in fibromyalgia is controversial. This review examines the reported studies with the objective to evaluate if some changes exist in the muscle, if these changes produce pain and if muscle biopsy is helpful in diagnostic flowchart of fibromyalgia.

Recent findings

Recent studies focused on functional side (muscle metabolism and the altered expression of proteins) hypothesize the role of peripheral factors in the maintenance of chronic pain. The results of some studies show the increased concentration of the end products of anaerobic glycolysis and a damage in oxidative metabolism caused by localized hypoxia. In addition, it is present as an insufficient capacity of promoting muscle recovery with inflammation and in metabolic pathway alterations. Unfortunately, these changes are nonspecific and the importance of peripheral factors remains under debate.

Morphological and metabolic changes exist in muscle of patients with fibromyalgia but they are not specific and are not sufficient for a definite diagnosis. Nevertheless, the results obtained so far indicate a role of peripheral factors for maintaining the intensity of pain. Therefore, it is desirable to have a better understanding of peripheral muscle alteration that could open up for new therapeutic strategies.
GABARAP Like-1 enrichment on membranes: Direct observation of trans-homo-oligomerization between membranes and curvature-dependent partitioning into membrane tubules
Authors: Motta Isabelle , Nguyen Nathan , Gardavot Helene , Richerson Diana , Pincet Frederic , Melia Thomas J.
Published: June 2018

The Atg8/LC3/GABARAP protein family has been implicated in membrane remodeling events on the growing autophagosome. In particular, each of these proteins can form a protein-lipid conjugate that has been shown in vitro to drive liposome aggregation and in some cases membrane fusion. Furthermore, yeast Atg8 has been described as a curvature sensing protein, through its natural capacity to concentrate on highly curved membranes. A key advance with yeast Atg8, was the introduction of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) as an in vitro support that could allow membrane deformation and tethering to be observed by simple microscopy. Further, micromanipulation of an individual GUV could be used to create local areas of curvature to follow Atg8 partitioning. Here, we use a recently developed method to decorate GUVs with the mammalian Atg8 protein GABARAPL1 and establish the generality of the observations made on yeast Atg8. Then we apply double micromanipulation, the capture and positioning of two independently prepared GUVs, to test elements of the mechanism, speed and reversibility of mammalian Atg8 protein-mediated tethering. We find that the membranes adhere through GABARAPL1/GABARAPL1 homotypic trans-interactions. On a single membrane with two regions with significantly different curvatures we observed that the regions of higher curvature can be enriched up to 10 times in GABARAPL1 compared to the planar regions. This approach has the potential to allow the formation and study of specific topographically-controlled interfaces involving Atg8-proteins and their targets on apposing membranes.
Predicting perturbation patterns from the topology of biological networks
Authors: Santolini Marc , Barabási Albert-László
Published: June 2018

High-throughput technologies, offering unprecedented wealth of quantitative data underlying the makeup of living systems, are changing biology. Notably, the systematic mapping of the relationships between biochemical entities has fueled the rapid development of network biology, offering a suitable framework to describe disease phenotypes and predict potential drug targets. Yet, our ability to develop accurate dynamical models remains limited, due in part to the limited knowledge of the kinetic parameters underlying these interactions. Here, we explore the degree to which we can make reasonably accurate predictions in the absence of the kinetic parameters. We find that simple dynamically agnostic models are sufficient to recover the strength and sign of the biochemical perturbation patterns observed in 87 biological models for which the underlying kinetics is known. Surprisingly, a simple distance-based model achieves 65% accuracy. We show that this predictive power is robust to topological and kinetic parameters perturbations, and we identify key network properties that can increase up to 80% the recovery rate of the true perturbation patterns. We validate our approach using experimental data on the chemotactic pathway in bacteria, finding that a network model of perturbation spreading predicts with ~80% accuracy the directionality of gene expression and phenotype changes in knock-out and overproduction experiments. These findings show that the steady advances in mapping out the topology of biochemical interaction networks opens avenues for accurate perturbation spread modeling, with direct implications for medicine and drug development.

Significance statement

The development of high-throughput technologies has allowed to map a significant proportion of interactions between biochemical entities in the cell. However, it is unclear how much information is lost given the lack of measurements on the kinetic parameters governing the dynamics of these interactions. Using biochemical networks with experimentally measured kinetic parameters, we show that a knowledge of the network topology offers 65% to 80% accuracy in predicting the impact of perturbation patterns. In other words, we can use the increasingly accurate topological models to approximate perturbation patterns, bypassing expensive kinetic constant measurement. These results could open new avenues in modeling drug action, and in identifying drug targets relying on the human interactome only.
The Principles of Advocacy Organization and Its Activities
Authors: ALEYNIKOV Boris , ALEYNIKOVА Anastasia
Published: June 2018

The article gives a scientific study of the principles of advocacy. Formulated the concept and classification of principles of advocacy. On the basis of the sphere of dissemination of the principles of advocacy classified into fundamental principles (independence, professional competence, confidentiality, avoiding conflict of interest), organizational principles (territoriality, dependence of the judicial system, specialization, corporate governance, availability) and principles (efficiency, multidisciplinary approach, differentiated remuneration).
Some Theoretical Aspects of Juvenile Sexual Assaults
Authors: BAZARLINOVA Ardak U. , MARAT Aigul M.
Published: June 2018

This article is concerned with the peculiarities of criminal liability for juvenile sexual assaults in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. We consider the theoretical and legal aspects of the legal protection of minors and provide the criminal-legal characterization of juvenile sexual crimes. We also suggest the classification of sexual crimes distinguishing its criteria. We determine the age features of minors as an object of legal protection. While studying the opinion of leading scholars in the field of criminal law and criminology, we have outlined the main directions of scientific research related to the above-mentioned problem. Based on the survey of theoretical issues and the criminal legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and based on the scientific research of domestic scholars, we have defined a specific list of unlawful acts infringing the sexual freedom and sexual inviolability of minors embodied in the existing Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In addition, within the framework of the study, we have concluded that the theoretical aspects of juvenile sexual assaults are urgent and need to be further analyzed. We believe that the theoretical study of this problem will make it possible to further improve the criminal legislation and prevention of these types of crimes.
The Social Deviance Notion
Authors: DIACONESCU Amelia
Published: June 2018

The society affords to judge and assess the behavior of its members, according to the degree of conformity of the respective behavior to the accepted and unanimously recognized norms and values. By utilizing the social control and adaptation as ‘persuasive’ tools for the existing community, the society affords to transfer its members the normative and cultural model promoted by it. Subsequent to this ‘lesson’ where people learn the social roles which must be fulfilled, the long awaited reward is received – social integration. Each individual has the possibility to absorb knowledge, habits and rules and then apply them as an active member of the society. One of the main functions of the society is generating, maintaining and passing from generation to generation the values which define the specific of the society, its structural matrix. This function can be found at the level of the groups and social organizations. Such function is fulfilled through a fundamental social process, namely socialization.
Modern Communication Technologies in Notification of Notarial Actions in Russia
Authors: INSHAKOVA Olegovna Agnessa , GONCHAROV Ivanovich Alexander , SMIRENSKAYA Vitaliyevna Elena , DOLINSKAYA Vladimirovna , Vladimira
Published: June 2018

In the article studies modern communication technologies used in the Russian Federation for notarial acts. The main provisions of the issues for the development of modern information and telecommunication technologies for organizing notarial activities, within the framework of which the main stages of system construction, intermediate and final results, its targets, tasks, organizational structure and functions are determined. As a basis for providing all types of information interaction, the article presents the Unified Information System of the Notariat of Russia. The authors studying the novelties of the legislation on the application of information and telecommunication technologies for notarial acts, the peculiarities of electronic interaction with the state authorities of the Russian Federation. The conclusion is confirmed, that the Russian notary is ready to work in the new conditions, is focused on those requirements that dictate the modern information space.
Research on the Influence of Furnace Structure on Copper Cooling Stave Life
Authors: Li Feng-guang , Zhang Jian-liang
Published: June 2018

In this paper, a blast furnace gas flow distribution model with variable furnace structure was founded based on CFD (computational fluid dynamics) theory, and the gas velocity distribution near the surface of the copper staves in different areas of the BF is calculated under different conditions of variational structure parameters like Bosh angle, shaft angle, and the newly proposed “equivalent Bosh angle.” Based on the calculation, the influence rule of the BF structure on the service life of copper stave and the corresponding operation measures were obtained. The result shows that the increase of the Bosh angle and the decrease of the shaft angle will incur increasing of the gas flow velocity near the surface of the copper staves, which is harmful to the cooling stave life; the variation of the equivalent Bosh angle has a most significant influence on the cooling stave life, and the increase of the equivalent Bosh angle will cause a sharp increase of the gas flow velocity, which will damage the copper staves seriously; adopting long tuyeres and minishing the equivalent Bosh angle will reduce the washing action of the gas flow and ensure the stability of slag hanging to achieve a long service life of copper staves.
Effects of Inner Defects on Creep Damage and Crack Initiation for a Brazed Joint
Authors: Luo Yun , Wang Chuanlong , Jiang Wenchun , Wan Yu , Zhang Weiya , Wang Yu
Published: June 2018

In the brazing process, some brazing defects like semicircular or straight type are generated due to incomplete filling. In this paper, the creep damage and creep crack initiation (CCI) time of Hastelloy C276-BNi2 brazed joint with defects are investigated by a ductility exhaustion damage model. The effects of defect dimension and filler metal thickness are also discussed. The results show that the different defects have different creep damage distributions and CCI times. The maximum creep damage is located at the defect frontier due to the larger stress concentration. With the increase of semicircular defect radius and straight defect length, the CCI time decreases. The creep fracture is inclined to generate in semicircular defect for the smaller defect area ratio, while it is easy to generate in straight defect for the bigger defect area ratio. As the filler metal thickness increases, the CCI time increases. For the thicker filler metal, the creep crack is easy to initiate in semicircular defect.
Neural Machine Translation for Indian Languages
Authors: Pathak Amarnath , Pakray Partha
Published: June 2018

Machine Translation bridges communication barriers and eases interaction among people having different linguistic backgrounds. Machine Translation mechanisms exploit a range of techniques and linguistic resources for translation prediction. Neural machine translation (NMT), in particular, seeks optimality in translation through training of neural network, using a parallel corpus having a considerable number of instances in the form of a parallel running source and target sentences. Easy availability of parallel corpora for major Indian language forms and the ability of NMT systems to better analyze context and produce fluent translation make NMT a prominent choice for the translation of Indian languages. We have trained, tested, and analyzed NMT systems for English to Tamil, English to Hindi, and English to Punjabi translations. Predicted translations have been evaluated using Bilingual Evaluation Understudy and by human evaluators to assess the quality of translation in terms of its adequacy, fluency, and correspondence with human-predicted translation.
Stretch Could Reduce Hamstring Injury Risk During Sprinting by Right Shifting the Length-Torque Curve
Authors: Ruan Mianfang , Li Li , Chen Chen , Wu Xie
Published: June 2018

Ruan, M, Li, L, Chen, C, and Wu, X. Stretch could reduce hamstring injury risk during sprinting by right shifting the length-torque curve. J Strength Cond Res 32(8): 2190–2198, 2018—It was hypothesized that static stretch would shift the length-torque curve to the right, which may reduce the risk of muscle strain injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of static stretching of hamstring (SSH) on the risk of hamstring injury during sprinting indicated by the shift of the length–torque relationship. Twelve female college athletes (age: 20.8 ± 0.7 years; height: 1.61 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 54.25 ± 4.22 kg) participated in this study. Subjects performed overground sprinting under 2 conditions: after warm-up with 4 × 30 seconds SSH or after warm-up without SSH. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data and electromyography of biceps femoris long head (BFlh), rectus femoris, and vastus medialis were collected during testing. The maximum length of BFlh during late swing phase increased after SSH with large effect size and close to statistically significant (p = 0.05, d = 1.22), but the knee flexion torque at the peak length did not change significantly. Static stretching of hamstring significantly reduced peak values of both horizontal (d = 1.46) and vertical (d = 1.79) ground reaction forces, and BFlh's activation level during the preactivation (late swing) phase (p = 0.05, d = 2.16). The results indicated that the length of BFlh–knee torque relationship and the length of BFlh–hip torque relationships during the late swing phase and initial stance phase were shifted to the right after SSH, which may reduce risk of hamstring strain injuries. We suggest that preactivity static stretching should not be simply removed and participators should give priority to stretch muscles that are vulnerable to strain injuries.
Effect of organic seed pelleting on seedling quality, gas exchange, growth, yield and resultant seed quality parameters of black gram
Authors: Prakash M. , Ophelia A. Georgin , Narayanan G. Sathiya , Anandan R. , Baradhan G , Sureshkumar S. M.
Published: June 2018

Seed pelleting with leaf powders of two botanicals viz., pungam (Pongamia glabra) and prosopis (Prosopis juliflora) was done to study the effect of botanical seed pelleting on seedling quality, gas exchange, growth, yield and resultant seed quality parameters of black gram in the laboratory and field. From the results, it was found that, seeds pelleted with pungam leaf powder @ 150 g kg-1 recorded higher germination percentage (93.00), root length (18.35 cm), shoot length (19.34 cm), dry matter production (0.48 mg seedling-10) and vigour index (3505.10). The yield parameters such as pod length, number of pods plant-1, pod yield plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 and 100 seed weight were also found higher in pungam leaf powder pelleting treatment @ 150 g kg-1. The control recorded the least values in all these growth and yield parameters of black gram.
Hispano-skepticism, Classical Liberalism, and Popular Historiography On Guia Politicamente Incorreto da América Latina. Leandro Narloch and Duda Teixeira
Authors: Newcomb Robert Patrick
Published: June 2018

In a brief, scathing review published on August 30, 2011 in the Folha de São Paulo, Sylvia Colombo wrote that Leandro Narloch and Duda Teixeira’s recent Guia Politicamente Incorreto da América Latina, “coloca agora mais um tijolinho no muro de ignorância e soberbia que separa o Brasil do resto do continente,” before summarily judging the book “horrible” (ruim). Colombo’s dismissal of the Guia, though uncharitable, is comprehensible. Narloch and Teixeira’s book follows Narloch’s Guia Politicamente Incorreto da História do Brasil (2009), an exercise in deliberately provocative revisionist history that, though a popular success, angered academic historians and political leftists with its heretical interpretations of the national past—in which, for example, Brazil’s indigenous communities benefited from colonization through exposure to the edifying force of global trade.
Atkin, Rhian. Saramago’s Labyrinths: A Journey Through Form and Content in Blindness and All the Names. Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2012.
Authors: Rato Rodrigues Ricardo
Published: June 2018

In Saramago’s Labyrinths, Rhian Atkin guides us through an exploration of thetheme of the labyrinth in the Portuguese writer’s oeuvre, with a particular focuson the novels Blindness (Ensaio sobre a cegueira) and All the Names (Todos osnomes). Atkin’s writing, in a style that will engage both specialists and nonspecialists,introduces the reader to the general theoretical framework behind labyrinths, their history and symbolism, applying it to Saramago’s novels.
Lehnen, Leila. Citizenship and Crisis in Contemporary Brazilian Literature. New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2013.
Authors: Itamar Harrison Marguerite
Published: June 2018

Within the scope of their Latino and Latin American Studies publishing line, Palgrave MacMillan has created a worthy pathway for the study of contemporary Brazilian (and Lusophone) culture for English-speaking audiences. Theirs is a most welcome enterprise that promotes and strengthens the multidisciplinary field of Brazilian Studies, particularly in the U.S. and other Anglophone countries. Within this publishing pathway, Palgrave has brought forth Leila Lehnen’s illuminating Citizenship and Crisis in Contemporary Brazilian Literature.
Three-Way Tensor Decompositions: A Generalized Minimum Noise Subspace Based Approach
Authors: Thanh Le Trung , Nguyen Viet-Dung , Linh-Trung Nguyen , Abed-Meraim Karim
Published: June 2018

Tensor decomposition has recently become a popular method of multi-dimensional data analysis in various applications. The main interest in tensor decomposition is for dimensionality reduction, approximation or subspace purposes. However, the emergence of “big data” now gives rise to increased computational complexity for performing tensor decomposition. In this paper, motivated by the advantages of the generalized minimum noise subspace (GMNS) method, recently proposed for array processing, we proposed two algorithms for principal subspace analysis (PSA) and two algorithms for tensor decomposition using parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and higher-order singular value decomposition (HOSVD). The proposed decomposition algorithms can preserve several desired properties of PARAFAC and HOSVD while substantially reducing the computational complexity. Performance comparisons of PSA and tensor decomposition of our proposed algorithms against the state-of-the-art ones were studied via numerical experiments. Experimental results indicated that the proposed algorithms are of practical values.
A flexibilização da legalidade no Supremo Tribunal Federal: o caso da execução da condenação sujeita a apelos extremos
Authors: Estellita Heloisa
Published: June 2018

O instrumentalismo e a flexibilização das normas jurídicas que reinam, hoje, em nossa cultura jurídica, especialmente em seu componente jurisprudencial, criam desigualdade e insegurança. O caso da execução da condenação sujeita a apelos extremos retrata os métodos para isso utilizados e comprova que seu produto é a denegação de igualdade e segurança aos jurisdicionados. O artigo analisa, essencialmente, os argumentos utilizados no julgamento do HC 126.292/STF para evidenciar esse quadro.
Imparcialidade judicial e atividade probatória no Tribunal Penal Internacional
Authors: Beltrán Montoliu Ana
Published: June 2018

A imparcialidade judicial é um dos pilares fundamentais do processo penal porque afeta diretamente o direito a um juízo justo e, no âmbito da justiça penal internacional, o papel que desempenham os juízes em relação com a atividade probatória apresenta interessantes questões legais. O presente estudo pretende realizar uma análise à função judicial dos magistrados no processo penal diante do Tribunal Penal Internacional e identificar as principais dificuldades probatórias que se expõem na prática, com especial atenção àqueles casos em que os direitos e garantias processuais das partes estão em tensão.
Editorial dossier “Sistemas procesales penales e imparcialidad del juez”: Imparcialidad y prueba en el proceso penal – reflexiones sobre la iniciativa probatoria del juez
Authors: Bachmaier Winter Lorena
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho é esclarecer a relação entre o princípio da imparcialidade e o papel do juiz no julgamento no que diz respeito à prova. Em outras palavras, se reconhecer algumas faculdades ao julgador na produção probatória viola a garantia da imparcialidade. Se questionará se a garantia da imparcialidade requer a absoluta passividade do juiz no desenvolvimento do debate contraditório ou se, pelo contrário, se trata de uma exigência derivada de uma determinada concepção do modelo contraditório. As respostas que apresentaremos a tais questões incidirão diretamente na valoração da posição do julgado em relação à prática da prova, se ela deve ser excluída ou limitada, ou se não afeta a imparcialidade, o que é uma questão relacionada aos fins do processo. Para isso, se analisará previamente o conceito de imparcialidade e suas diversas definições.
The Role Of Urban Density And Morphology In The Air Pollution Of Tehran Metropolitan
Authors: OSHRIEH ROUHOLLAH , VALIPOUR EHSAN
Published: June 2018

Today, regard for the wellbeing of the group and the earth is on the plan of most nations on the planet, and one of its imperative viewpoints is the contamination of the air and figuring out how to diminish it. Without a doubt, a standout amongst the most vital ranges that assume an unequivocal part in decreasing or expanding this parameter is the city and urban morphology. Tehran, which is viewed as the capital and vital city of Iran, has experienced this issue for a long time, and there are no legitimate arrangement found to decrease its air contamination. Then again, the city has movement from different parts of the nation consistently that makes this issue harsher. The most vital issue in such manner is the city's range, and in addition, the city's extension, which decides the thickness of the city.  The failure of the vast majority to purchase houses inside the city has made satellite towns nearby Tehran. Then again, the presence of tremendous local locations around Tehran and the area of workplaces in the downtown area are among alternate issues tended to in this investigation. This examination endeavoured to utilize the explanatory expressive technique to think about the part of pressure and morphology of Tehran and its effect on the air contamination and give answers for diminishing air contamination and movement.
Analisis Kinerja Protokol Routing AOMDV pada VANET dengan Serangan Rushing
Authors: RATNASIH RATNASIH , AJINEGORO RISKI MUKTIARTO NUGROHO , PERDANA DOAN
Published: June 2018

ABSTRAKVehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) adalah salah satu jaringan mobile Ad Hocyang memiliki mobilitas tinggi serta topologi yang berubah – ubah secara konstan dalam waktu yang singkat. Sistem broadcast yang diterapkan padaVANET ketika pembentukan arsitektur infrastruktur bisa dijadikan peluang bagi penyerang node untuk melakukan serangan terhadap routing protocol. Rushing Attack adalah sebuah serangan jaringan dimana serangan ini melakukan duplikasi secara cepat dengan transmisi yang lebih tinggi untuk mengacaukan jaringan dan mendapatkan forward akses yang lebih dibandingkan dengan node yang lain. Sasaran utama dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengukur dampak dari serangan Rushing pada protocol routing AOMDV (Adhoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector) menggunakan software NS-2. Nilai QoS yang didapatkan pada hasil penelitian ini tidak maksimal, karena attacker mengirimkan rushed routing packets (RREQ or RREP) yang mempengaruhi routing tabel eksisting dan mengacaukan proses pengiriman paket.Kata kunci: VANET, Rushing Attack, AOMDV, NS-2  ABSTRACTVehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is kind of an Ad-Hoc mobile network thathave high mobility and with changing topology constantly in a short time. The broadcast system that applied to the infrastructure architecture formation when VANET can be used as opportunities for penyerang nodes to perform attacks on the routing protocol. Rushing Attack is an attack on the network that the attacks quickly duplicating with higher transmission to disrupt the network and getting forward more access than the other node. The main target of this project is to measure how big the impact of the rushing attack on AOMDV(Adhoc on Demand Multipath Distance Vector) routing protocol using NS-2 software. On this project did not gets the maximum value for QoS because the attacker sent rushed routing packets (RREQ or RREP) that affect the routing table and disturb the delivery package.Keywords: VANET, Rushing Attack, AOMDV, NS-2
Memes:de criações anônimas a apropriações do mercado publicitário
Authors: Lopes Debora Correia , Mazzei Victor Reis
Published: June 2018

Dentro do contexto da cibercultura, levando também em consideração mudanças culturais e sociais, temos novas formas de expressar a identidade. Este novo tempo tornou "visíveis" pessoas antes desconhecidas e empoderou consumidores antes tido como passivos. Os memes são parte desta nova cultura, estes irradiam a descentralização da nova produção de conteúdo e dos novos tempos. Desta forma, o presente artigo tem por principal objetivo investigar como a atividade publicitária utiliza os “memes”, tendo como ponto de partida das criações. Esse é o cerne do estudo, que analisa como a reportagem com o empresário Alexander Augusto de Almeida, popularmente conhecido nas redes sociais como o “Rei do Camarote”, foi amplamente explorada, servindo de base para postagens, de âmbito publicitário, para muitas marcas consolidadas que tentaram se aproveitar da repercussão. Neste trabalho, promovemos um diálogo entre pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo para buscar compreender as estratégias adotadas pelos anunciantes ao apropriarem-se dos conteúdos divulgados a partir de “memes” e, posteriormente, se lançarem também na rede a fim de persuadir o seu público de interesse. Within the context of cyberculture, taking also into account changing cultures and social, we have new ways of expressing the identity, which made "visible" people before unknown and empowered consumers before taken as liabilities. The memes are part of this new culture, they radiate the decentralization of new content production and of new times. Thus, the present article has as its principal objective to investigate how the advertising activity uses the "memes", taking as its starting point the creations. This is the crux of the study, which examines how the report with the businessman Alexander Augusto de Almeida, popularly known in social networks as the "Rei do Camarote", has been widely exploited, serving as a basis for posts, of course, for many brands statements who tried to take advantage of the impact. In this work, we promote a dialog between bibliographic research and field to understand the strategies adopted by advertisers to the taking of the content disseminated from "memes" and, later, if launch also in the network in order to convince your audience of interest.
Облікова політика: основні аспекти
Authors: Bukalo Nadiya
Published: June 2018

У статті теоретично обґрунтовано та висвітлено окремі важливі елементи облікової політики. Досліджено нормативно-правове забезпечення різних аспектів облікової політики. Наведено характеристику основних нормативно-правових актів, що регламентують облікову політику в Україні. Проведено літературний пошук визначення змісту категорії «облікова політика». Розглянуто етапи формування облікової політики та основні чинники. Досліджено теоретичні аспекти окремих важливих елементів облікової політики.
Особливості методики аналізу фінансових результатів діяльності підприємств
Authors: Stadnjuk Tetiana
Published: June 2018

У статті висвітлено підходи вчених щодо аналізу фінансових результатів та окреслено послідовність здійснення аналізу цього обʼєкта дослідження. Обґрунтовано доцільність проведення аналізу прибутку у взаємо-звʼязку з оцінкою грошових потоків підприємства. Акцентовано увагу на змінах, регламентованих НП(С)БО 1 «Загальні вимоги до фінансової звітності», які відбулися в структурі звіту про фінансові результати (звіту про сукупний дохід).
Характеристика сучасного стану розвитку інноваційної діяльності на машинобудівних підприємствах України
Authors: Grudzevych Iuliia
Published: June 2018

У статті здійснено аналіз інноваційної діяльності машинобудівних підприємств України, досліджено динаміку інноваційної активності, напрямів та обсягів фінансування витрат на інноваційну діяльність, указано загальні тенденції запровадження інновацій за видами діяльності. Також проаналізовано ефективність інноваційних підприємств за умов реалізації рамкових програм, визначено основні перспективи розвитку інноваційної діяльності машинобудівних підприємств.
До питання про торговельно-економічні зв’язки Правобережної України та західноукраїнських земель із Польщею в другій половині ХVІ – кінці ХVІІІ ст.
Authors: Strishenez Olen , Strishenez Mykola
Published: June 2018

У статті розглянуто стан торговельно-економічних зв’язків українських земель із Польщею в другій поло-вині ХVІ – кінці ХVІІІ ст. Показано транспортування товарів річковими й суходільними шляхами на польський ринок, визначено найбільші центри проведення торговельних операцій. Вивчено соціальне та майнове становище купців і торгівців (феодали, ремісники, міщани, селяни), уточнено асортимент товарів. Проаналізовано купецький прибуток, визначено його розміри. Показано відмінність отримання прибутку українськими купцями, порівняно з купцями західноєвропейських країн.
Податкове стимулювання залучення іноземних інвестицій в економіку України в умовах фінансової нестабільності
Authors: Ivashko Olena , Tsymbaliuk Iryna
Published: June 2018

У статті висвітлено основні результати реформування податкової системи України. Проаналізовано показники податкового навантаження на суб’єктів економічної системи та обґрунтовано напрями вдосконалення податкового стимулювання іноземних інвестицій в економіку України в умовах фінансової нестабільності.
Design and Implementation of Lifting Based Wavelet and Adaptive LSB Steganography to Secret Data Sharing Through Image on FPGA
Authors: Padeppagol Kokila B. , M H Sandhya Rani
Published: June 2018

Image steganography is an art of hiding
images secretly within another image. There are several ways
of performing image steganography; one among them
is the spatial approach.The most popular spatial domain approach
of image steganography is the Least Significant Bit (LSB)
method, which hides the secret image pixel information in the
LSB of the cover image pixel information. In this paper a
LSB based steganography approach is used to design
hardware architecture for the Image steganography. The
Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used here to transform
the cover image into higher and lower wavelet coefficients
and use these coefficients in hiding the secret image. the
design also includes encryption of secret image data, to
provide a higher level of security to the secret image. The
steganography system involving the stegno module and a
decode module is designed here. The design was simulated,
synthesized and implemented on Artix -7 FPGA. The
operation hiding and retrieving images was successfully
verified through simulations.
Physiochemical Properties and Meat Quality Parameters of Wild Boar Meat: A Review
Authors: Kumar S. Anand
Published: June 2018

Wild boar meat has well balanced with nutrients
and comprised with unique sensory attributes and meat
quality parameters, however, limited information and
studies have been performed on nutritional quality and meat
quality parameters. The proximate composition of wild boar
meat, mainly protein and fat contents were ranged at 21.6-
24.11% and 2.27-2.62% respectively. The composition of
fatty acids in wild boar has obtained higher values for
unsaturated fatty acids particularly mono unsaturated fatty
acids; nonetheless, investigation on availability of essential
amino acids was scarce. Wild boar meat was darker colour,
less tender and pH ranged at 5.44-5.71. Further,
sophisticated studies will promote the consumption rate of
wild boar meat among consumers that ultimately provide an
opportunity to industries to enhance their production.
Children’s Roles in Social Reproduction
Authors: Camilletti Elena , Banati Prerna , Cook Sarah
Published: June 2018

Care and domestic work have gained attention in the global policy discourse, particularly following feminist research and activism showing its burden for women. However, these debates and political demands have generally overlooked children’s contribution to social reproduction within and beyond the household. Empirical evidence shows that many children assume care and domestic responsibilities from an early age, with an increasingly gendered pattern as they grow. While such work can provide a learning opportunity, the time, energy and emotional labour put into it can be detrimental to their wellbeing. In this article, we review theempirical evidence on children’s care and domestic work in developing countries, and argue that understanding children’s roles in these tasks can complement the existing social reproduction scholarship, uncovering the intra-household and intergenerational distribution of care and domestic responsibilities, its determinants and effects on child wellbeing. We conclude by noting key conceptual and evidence gaps, and suggesting future research directions.
Special Issue Introduction
Authors: Vickery Jonathan
Published: June 2018

In our age of huge religious, political and territorial conflict, the essential cultural dimension of place, identity, values, and governance, is all too easily ignored. This special issue is given to the social and developmental significance of culture and cultural policies in a Rights framework. Since the 1966 UN International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, how far has the concept of culture as a ‘right’ been developed? Since the debates surrounding the UNESCO sponsored 2007 Fribourg Declaration, to what extent are Cultural Rights now accepted as an essential dimension of Human Rights? Perhaps using Human Rights law to facilitate Cultural expression and participation has been problematic and other legal instruments are more effective (such as cultural policies on access and equality, or heritage protections, or international treatises like the 2005 UN Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions). Or perhaps a sustained legal, social and development discourse on Cultural Rights by writers, research scholars and development agencies, has not been sufficiently consistent and robust in any area of development research and policy.
Arts Rights Justice
Authors: Gad Daniel , Vickery Jonathan
Published: June 2018

The University of Hildesheim (Germany) is a leader in both arts education and research in cultural policy and management. They have a new innovative focus on social justice for artists and writers, and the policy implications and implementation of Cultural Rights for activists and NGOs. For the opening of this special issue, the journal Co-ed-in-Chief, Dr Jonathan Vickery, interviews Dr Daniel Gad on his new interests and the parameters of Rights as applied to culture and the arts.
Cultural Rights, local cultural policies and sustainable development
Authors: Pascual Jordi
Published: June 2018

Cultural rights are the foundation of cultural policies, and the guarantee of their legitimacy and coherence. The various documents elaborated in the framework of the UN human rights system are an extraordinary source of inspiration. Yet cultural rights in practice is still regarded as problematic at a national level in terms of the formulation of domestic public policy, but are not so difficult to identify and be operationalised at a local level. This article will attempt to be pedagogical, and explain to the reader: (a) the contents of key documents by the UN human rights system – considering their consistency with the new ‘local sustainable development’ agenda; (b) the global guiding documents that interconnect cultural rights and local sustainable development; (c) examples of cities and local governments that are operationalizing cultural rights at a local level; and (d) a potential list of key issues to be considered by actors on local cultural policies based on cultural rights.
Store Brand Purchase in the Italian Market
Authors: Cristini Guido , Zerbini Cristina
Published: June 2018

The paper analyzes the degree of importance of Store Brand purchase determinants for the consumer. In particular, the research focuses on two specific shopper segments (hypermarket shopper and supermarket shopper) in order to evaluate the existence of any significant differences between their product evaluations. Telephone interviews, based on a structured questionnaire, were conducted with a sample of consumers responsible for family purchases and buyers of Store Brand products. For the majority of the purchasing determinants investigated, the results show a significant difference in opinion between those buying Store Brand products in hypermarkets and those in supermarkets. The difference found between shopper profiles has significant managerial implications that could be useful for determining Store Brand management policies. This paper also contributes to the academic debate on the role of Store Brand in the retail market.
The Impact of Entrepreneurship Initiatives in Enhancing Creativity and Innovation
Authors: Ali Al Qudah Mohammad
Published: June 2018

The current study aimed at understanding the influence of the Entrepreneurship Initiatives on creativity and innovation in business. It was hypothesized that the dimensions of entrepreneurship including (Strategies, Technology, Resources, Management Support and Culture) positively influences the creativity and innovation of business within the Jordanian environment. The sample of the study was derived from a telecommunication company which included (34) individuals from the high and the middle management.The results of the study indicated that there is a positive influence of entrepreneurship initiatives on creativity and innovation within organizations and enterprises. The most influential variables appeared to be (Culture, Management Support, Technology, Strategies and Resources) respectively. The most influential variable appeared to be the culture. The study recommended nourishing the culture within the Jordanian business environment in a way that makes more welcoming to any Entrepreneurship Initiatives.