bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Encounter between Cambridge Literary Criticism and China
Authors: Ha Sha
Published: January 2020

The purpose of the present paper is to study the impact of Cambridge Literary Criticism (CLC) on Chinese scholars, since the visit to Peking’s Tsinghua University by Prof. Igor Armstrong Richards, the initiator of CLC, in 1929, until present times. That first encounter signed the beginning of a fruitful intercultural communication activity between the two countries, which lasted for a decennial. Those contacts between the British literary world, imbued with the scientific spirit that was the basis of ‘Cambridge Criticism’, was very stimulating for the Chinese academic world, of that was being born. Unfortunately, those contacts were forcefully interrupted in 1939, in the raging of the anti-Japanese war. They resumed, with fruitful results, toward the end of last millennium, when the Chinese government issued a “Program for Education’s Reform and Development in China”. In present times the new movement of ‘Ethical Literary Criticism’ is developing in China by initiative of Prof. Nie Zhenzhao, from Peking’s ‘Central China Normal University’, who took inspiration from the works of the Cambridge literary critic Frank Raymond Leavis.
Metabolic response of Scapharca subcrenata to heat stress using GC/MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Jiang Yazhou , Jiao Haifeng , Sun Peng , Yin Fei , Tang Baojun
Published: January 2020

Marine mollusks are commonly subjected to heat stress. To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the physiological metabolism of the ark shell Scapharca subcrenata, clams were exposed to different high temperatures (24, 28 and 32 °C) for 72 h. The oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were measured at 2, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h. The results indicated that the metabolic rates of the ark shell significantly increased with increasing heat stress, accompanied by mortalities in response to prolonged exposure. A metabolomics approach based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was further applied to assess the changes of metabolites in the mantle of the ark shell at 32 °C. Moreover, multivariate and pathway analyses were conducted for the different metabolites. The results showed that the heat stress caused changes in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, osmotic regulation, carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism through different metabolic pathways. These results are consistent with the significant changes of oxygen consumption rate and ammonia excretion rate. The present study contributes to the understanding of the impacts of heat stress on intertidal bivalves and elucidates the relationship between individual-level responses and underlying molecular metabolic dynamics.
Stigmatization of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Ndokwa West Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Patricia Uzorma Ossaiga , Josiah Obaghwarhievwo Adjene , Helen Ego Chime , Mike Osagie Odigie
Published: January 2020

Background: HIV/AIDS related stigmatization has been reported to be traced to several factors. Little or no knowledge on the illness, misapprehensions, as well as chauvinism against sufferers, to mention just a few.

Aim: In this study, the stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS in Ndokwa West Local Government Area (NWLGA) of Delta State, Nigeria, was investigated.

Methods: A total of 300 individuals comprising of, or related to HIV/AIDS sufferers were ethically recruited from the ten (10) communities in NWLGA using a well-structured and validated questionnaire. The data obtained from their responses were carefully analyzed and expressed in simple percentage.

Results: The results showed that about 61 (20.5%) subjects were individuals who resided in urban community and 237 (79.5%) of them in the rural settings. The results on the stigmatization against HIV/AIDS patients due to prejudice revealed that 100 (33.6%) of the respondents strongly disagreed that HIV/AIDS sufferers in the community should be disliked, while 128 (43%) of them disagree with about 50 (16.8%) agreeing and 20 (6.7%) of the respondents strongly agreeing. Furthermore, stigmatization attributable to stereotyping showed that 68 (22.8%) of the respondents strongly disagreed to that everyone infected with HIV/AIDS have high level of sexual promiscuity; were as, about 114 (38.3%) disagreed to that notion with 57 (19.1%) agreeing and 59 (19.8%) strongly agreeing to it. Moreover, HIV/AIDS stigmatization due to discrimination revealed that 66 (22.1%) of the respondents strongly disagreed on never hiring an HIV/AIDS sufferer as a worker. About 98 (32.9%) disagreed on this notion, while 106 (35.6%) of the respondents agreed and 74 (24.8%) strongly disagreeing. Respondents further added that PLWHA should not be employed in any institution or organization and that they should never rent accommodation to them.

Conclusion: Based on the results, stigmatization level of PLWHA was society and awareness dependent.

Recommendations: To cope with the associated menace of HIV/AIDS stigmatization, it is recommended that society be encouraged to evolve strategies, programs and governmental policies, geared towards enlightening and sensitizing the public on the non-transmittability of HIV/AIDS through contact with sufferers as erroneously believed.
Utilization of complement receptors in immune cell–microbe interaction
Authors: Lukácsi Szilvia , Mácsik‐Valent Bernadett , Nagy‐Baló Zsuzsa , Kovács Kristóf G. , Kliment Kristóf , Bajtay Zsuzsa , Erdei Anna
Published: January 2020

The complement system is a major humoral component of immunity and is essential for the fast elimination of pathogens invading the body. In addition to its indispensable role in innate immunity, the complement system is also involved in pathogen clearance during the effector phase of adaptive immunity. The fastest way of killing the invader is lysis by the membrane attack complex, which is formed by the terminal components of the complement cascade. Not all pathogens are lysed however and, if opsonized by a variety of molecules, they undergo phagocytosis and disposal inside immune cells. The most important complement‐derived opsonins are C1q, the first component of the classical pathway, MBL, the initiator of the lectin pathway and C3‐derived activation fragments, including C3b, iC3b and C3d, which all serve as ligands for their corresponding receptors. In this review, we discuss how complement receptors are utilized by various immune cells to tackle invading microbes, or by pathogens to evade host response.
Method of determining geometric patient size surrogates using localizer images in CT
Authors: Burton Christiane S.
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Size‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) requires accurate estimates of patient size surrogates. AAPM Report 204 shows that the SSDE is the product of CTDIvol and a scaling factor, the normalized dose coefficient (NDC) which depends on patient size surrogates for CT axial images. However, SSDE can be determined from CT localizer prior to CT scanning. AAPM Report 220 charges that a magnification correction is needed for geometric patient size‐surrogates. In this study, we demonstrate a novel “model‐based” magnification correction on patient data.

Methods

573 patient scans obtained from a clinical CT system including 229 adult abdomen, 284 adult chest, 48 pediatric abdomen, and 12 pediatric chest exams. LAT and AP dimensions were extracted from CT localizers using a threshold extraction method (the ACR DIR). The model‐based magnification correction was applied to the AP and LAT dimensions extracted using the ACR DIR. NDC was calculated using the effective diameter for the ACR DIR only, the model‐based localizer‐based and axial‐based approaches. The LAT and AP dimensions were extracted from the “gold” standard CT axial scans. Outliers are defined as points outside the 95% confidence intervals and were analyzed.

Results

NDC estimates for the localizer‐based model‐based approach had an excellent correlation (R2 = 0.92) with the gold standard approach. The effective diameter for ACR DIR and model‐based approaches are 8.0% and 1.0% greater than the gold standard respectively. Outliers were determined to be primarily patient truncation, with arms down or with devices. ACR DIR size extraction method fails for bariatric patients where the threshold is too high and some of their anatomy was included in the CT couch, and small patients due to the CT couch being included in the size measurement.

Conclusion

The model‐based magnification method gives an accurate estimate of patient size surrogates extracted from CT localizers that are needed for calculating NDC to achieve accurate SSDE.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2‐Mediated Regulation of Neuronal Exosome Release Depends on VAMP3/Cellubrevin in Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Tang Qilin , Müller Stephan A. , Gao Pan , Mahlstedt Diana , Zampagni Sofia , Tan Yi , Klingl Andreas , Bötzel Kai , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Höglinger Günter U. , Koeglsperger Thomas
Published: January 2020

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endogenous membrane‐derived vesicles that shuttle bioactive molecules between glia and neurons, thereby promoting neuronal survival and plasticity in the central nervous system (CNS) and contributing to neurodegenerative conditions. Although EVs hold great potential as CNS theranostic nanocarriers, the specific molecular factors that regulate neuronal EV uptake and release are currently unknown. A combination of patch‐clamp electrophysiology and pH‐sensitive dye imaging is used to examine stimulus‐evoked EV release in individual neurons in real time. Whereas spontaneous electrical activity and the application of a high‐frequency stimulus induce a slow and prolonged fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the plasma membrane (PM) in a subset of cells, the neurotrophic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) greatly increases the rate of stimulus‐evoked MVB‐PM fusion events and, consequently, the abundance of EVs in the culture medium. Proteomic analysis of neuronal EVs demonstrates bFGF increases the abundance of the v‐SNARE vesicle‐associated membrane protein 3 (VAMP3, cellubrevin) on EVs. Conversely, knocking‐down VAMP3 in cultured neurons attenuates the effect of bFGF on EV release. The results determine the temporal characteristics of MVB‐PM fusion in hippocampal neurons and reveal a new function for bFGF signaling in controlling neuronal EV release.
Essential Updates 2018/2019: Essential advances in surgical and adjuvant therapies for colorectal cancer
Authors: Akagi Tomonori , Inomata Masafumi
Published: January 2020

Surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy are the only treatment modalities for localized colorectal cancer that can obtain a “cure.” The goal in surgically treating primary colorectal cancer is complete tumor removal along with dissection of systematic D3 lymph nodes. Adjuvant treatment controls recurrence and improves the prognosis of patients after they undergo R0 resection. Various clinical studies have promoted the gradual spread and clinical use of new surgical approaches such as laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery, and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME). Additionally, the significance of adjuvant chemotherapy has been established and it is now recommended in the JSCCR (the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum) guideline as a standard treatment. Herein, we review and summarize current surgical treatment and adjuvant chemotherapy for localized colorectal cancer and discuss recent advances in personalized medicine related to adjuvant chemotherapy.
Zr‐Based MOFs with High Drug Loading for Adsorption Removal of Anti‐Cancer Drugs: A Potential Drug Storage
Authors: Molavi Hossein , Moghimi Hamid , Taheri Ramezan Ali
Published: January 2020

A robust and highly water stable series of UiO‐66‐drived MOFs including UiO‐66‐NH2, glycidyl methacrylate functionalized UiO‐66‐NH2 (UiO‐66‐GMA) and ethylenediamine functionalized UiO‐66‐NH2 (UiO‐66‐EDA) were synthesized solvothermally and studied their adsorption performances toward two anti‐cancer drugs, methotrexate (MTX) and curcumin (CUR) in the case of overdose. It was found that functionalizing the surface of UiO‐66‐NH2 nanoparticles with different functional groups remarkably changes the adsorption capacity and the ideal adsorption selectivity of MTX over CUR. Particularly, the UiO‐66‐EDA exhibited the highest adsorption capacities for both drugs, 540.78 and 423.85 mg/g for MTX and CUR, respectively, because of the strong interaction between drug molecules and adsorbent via hydrogen bonding due to the existence of different polar functional groups. The kinetics of drugs adsorption was investigated by three well‐known kinetic models, which the output indicates that the adsorption of both drugs onto the synthesized MOFs follow the pseudo‐second‐order model. Moreover, it was found that the equilibrium adsorption results were well fitted with the Langmuir isotherm models, revealing that the adsorption of both drugs onto the synthesized MOFs is a monolayer adsorption process. Further investigation illustrated that the synthesized MOFs could be easily activated and reused after four successive adsorption–desorption cycles. The output of the present work is of main important for biomedical and environmental applications of MOFs as an outstanding adsorbent for adsorption removal of hazardous drugs from contaminated aqueous solutions.
Creating a Human Gross Anatomy Laboratory: The Experience at a Primarily Undergraduate Institution
Authors: Zdilla Matthew J.
Published: January 2020

This paper details the creation of a human gross anatomy laboratory from a defunct chemistry laboratory at West Liberty University, a small primarily undergraduate institution in West Virginia. The article highlights important considerations with regard to the development of a human gross anatomy laboratory including access to human gifts; assessment of the space for size, security, and privacy; assessment of the utilities; acquisition of a dissection table; ventilation; aesthetics in functional design; expenses; and sustainability. The report also identifies favorable conditions and potential pitfalls regarding the creation of a human gross anatomy laboratory. This paper demonstrates that a human gross anatomy laboratory can be created quickly and at little expense.
Influence of aerosols on lightning activities in central eastern parts of China
Authors: Shi Zheng , Wang HaiChao , Tan YongBo , Li LuYing , Li ChunSun
Published: January 2020

Time series data of lightning flash rates, aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface relative humidity, potential temperature, and convective available potential energy (CAPE) for 14 consecutive summers (2001–2014) over central eastern parts of China (32.5°–40°N, 100°–120°E) have been analyzed to investigate the impact of aerosol on the lightning flash rate. The Pearson correlation and the partial correlation are used to study the linear correlations between the lightning flash rate and AOD, potential temperature, surface relative humidity, and CAPE. The results show that the lightning flash rate is positively correlated (r = .64) with AOD under relatively clean conditions (AOD < 1.0), which may result from aerosol microphysical effect. In the situation of high aerosol concentration (AOD > 1.0), the correlation between AOD and lightning flash rate is not obvious (r = −.06), which may be due to the radiation effect of aerosol and the decrease of the number of large ice particles caused by excessive aerosol concentration. CAPE and surface relative humidity are both positively correlated with the lightning flash rates under relatively clean (AOD < 1.0) and relatively polluted (AOD > 1.0) conditions. Potential temperature is moderate positively correlated with the lightning flash rate under relatively clean conditions (r = .51, AOD < 1.0) but shows no significant linear relationship under relatively polluted conditions (r = .07, AOD > 1.0).
Interpoint distances: Applications, properties, and visualization
Authors: Modarres Reza , Song Yu
Published: January 2020

This article surveys recent development on Euclidean interpoint distances (IPDs). IPDs find applications in many scientific fields and are the building blocks of several multivariate techniques such as comparison of distributions, clustering, classification, and multidimensional scaling. In this article, we explore IPDs, discuss their properties and applications, and present their distributions for several families, including the multivariate normal, multivariate Bernoulli, multivariate power series, and the unified hypergeometric distributions. We consider two groups of observations in and present a simultaneous plot of the empirical cumulative distribution functions of the within and between IPDs to visualize and examine the equality of the underlying distribution functions of the observations.
Different exercises can modulate the differentiation/maturation of neural stem/progenitor cells after photochemically induced focal cerebral infarction
Authors: Morishita Saho , Hokamura Kazuya , Yoshikawa Akira , Agata Nobuhide , Tsutsui Yoshihiro , Umemura Kazuo , Kumada Tatsuro
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Exercise therapies during rehabilitation significantly promote recovery from various deficits after cerebral infarction, which is mediated by neuronal plasticity with distinct inputs. Although adult neurogenesis can also be modulated by neuronal activity before synaptogenesis, how distinct exercises contribute to the neurological reorganization of the injured cerebral cortex remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects of different exercise therapies on motor recovery and neuronal reorganization after photochemically induced focal cerebral infarction.

Methods

Here, we examined the effects of three different exercises—(a) forced lower‐intensity and (b) higher‐intensity treadmill exercises, and (c) voluntary exercise with wheel running—on motor recovery and adult neurogenesis in a rat model of focal cerebral infarction. Photochemically induced thrombosis (PIT) was used to generate focal infarction in rats that was mostly confined to their motor cortices.

Results

Beam walking tests showed that recovery after PIT‐induced cortical infarction differed in acute and chronic stages and was influenced by the type of exercise. Furthermore, forced low‐intensity training had more positive effects on functional recovery than other exercises or control. To evaluate the production of newly generated cells includingde novoneurogenesis, we performed lineage analysis with BrdU labeling and immunofluorescence experiments. Lower‐intensity treadmill exercise increased the number of BrdU/NeuN colabeled cells, but not total BrdU‐retaining or BrdU/Sox2‐colabeled cells, in the peri‐infarct region of the ipsilateral cortex. In contrast, high‐intensity treadmill or voluntary exercises had the opposite effects.

Conclusions

These results suggest that neuronal maturation can be differently modulated by distinct exercises and that low‐intensity treadmill exercise could result in more potent generation of mature neurons. This also suggests the possibility that the generation of neural stem/progenitor cells and differentiation might be modulated by rehabilitation‐mediated neural plasticity.
Inhibition of endogenous miR‐23a/miR‐377 in CHO cells enhances difficult‐to‐express recombinant lysosomal sulfatase activity
Authors: Amadi Ifeanyi Michael , Agrawal Vishal , Christianson Terri , Bardliving Cameron , Shamlou Parviz , LeBowitz Jonathan H.
Published: January 2020

Difficult‐to‐express (DTE) recombinant proteins such as multi‐specific proteins, DTE monoclonal antibodies, and lysosomal enzymes have seen difficulties in manufacturability using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells or other mammalian cells as production platforms. CHO cells are preferably used for recombinant protein production for their ability to secrete human‐like recombinant proteins with posttranslational modification, resistance to viral infection, and familiarity with drug regulators. However, despite huge progress made in engineering CHO cells for high volumetric productivity, DTE proteins like recombinant lysosomal sulfatase represent one of the poorly understood proteins. Furthermore, there is growing interest in the use of microRNA (miRNA) to engineer CHO cells expressing DTE proteins to improve cell performance of relevant bioprocess phenotypes. To our knowledge, no research has been done to improve CHO cell production of DTE recombinant lysosomal sulfatase using miRNA. We identified miR‐23a and miR‐377 as miRNAs predicted to target SUMF1, an activator of sulfatases, using in silico prediction tools. Transient inhibition of CHO endogenous miR‐23a/miR‐377 significantly enhanced recombinant sulfatase enzyme‐specific activity by ~15–21% compared to scramble without affecting cell growth. Though inhibition of miR‐23a/miR‐377 had no significant effect on the mRNA and protein levels of SUMF1, overexpression of miR‐23a/377 caused ~30% and ~27–29% significant reduction in endogenous SUMF1 protein and mRNA expression levels, respectively. In summary, our data demonstrate the importance of using miRNA to optimize the CHO cell line secreting DTE recombinant lysosomal sulfatase.
LncRNA LOC285194 modulates gastric carcinoma progression through activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhong Bingzheng , Wang Qiang , He Jiali , Xiong Yi , Cao Jie
Published: January 2020

Emerging evidences have revealed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs’) critical roles in diverse human carcinoma. Among these cancers, lncRNA LOC285194 has been extensively investigated in several types of carcinomas in the recent years. Nevertheless, the biological function, clinical relevance, and the influence of LOC285194 in gastric cancer (GC) are not fully understood. The present study aims to explore the biological function of LOC285194 in the progression and development of GC. First, LOC285194 expressions were detected in GC tissues and cell lines. The functional role of LOC285194 in GC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Our data found that LOC285194 was lowly expressed both in human GC tissues and GC cell lines compared with corresponding normal controls. Moreover, LOC285194 was mitigated by transfection with LV‐LOC285194 in both HGC‐27 and MKN45 cell lines. Silencing of LOC285194 remarkably induced GC cell livability and cell proliferation. On the contrary, the LOC285194 overexpression suppressed MKN45 and HGC‐27 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, silencing of LOC285194 increased the ability of colony formation, cell migration, and invasive capacities, together with blocking the apoptotic rates of GC cells. Correspondently, LOC285194 overexpression exerted the opposite effects. Mechanistically, silencing of LOC285194 promoted GC progression via inducing Wnt signaling activity. Moreover, in vivo xenografts nude mice model results showed that LOC285194 inhibited GC progression through targeting Wnt signaling. Taken together, LOC285194 is associated with GC progression by regulating the Wnt signaling transduction, potentiating LOC285194's promising role as a novel treatment biomarker in GC.
Impact of Preadmission Morphine on Reinfarction in Patients With ST‐Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Gue Ying X. , Spinthakis Nikolaos , Farag Mohamed , Kubica Jacek , Siller‐Matula Jolanta M. , Srinivasan Manivannan , Gorog Diana A.
Published: January 2020

Opiates are the traditional analgesics used in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Pharmacodynamic studies indicate that opiates delay the absorption of orally administered P2Y12 inhibitors and the onset of platelet inhibition. Whether these negative effects on platelet inhibition have an impact on clinical outcomes is unclear. A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed searching PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies comparing morphine and no‐morphine treatment in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. The primary end point was the occurrence of in‐hospital myocardial infarction, and secondary end points were in‐hospital stroke and death. Four observational studies were identified, including 3,220 patients with STEMI. Morphine‐treated patients had a higher unadjusted rate of reinfarction compared with patients not receiving morphine (1.5% vs. 0.67%, odds ratio (OR) 2.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–5.21; P = 0.03). Unadjusted mortality rate was lower in morphine‐treated patients (1.7% vs. 4.2%, OR 0.43, 95% CI, 0.23–0.81; P = 0.009). Exclusion of the study with baseline differences between groups showed more frequent reinfarction in the morphine group, but this was no longer statistically significant (1.3% vs. 0.5%, OR 2.02; 95% CI, 0.39–10.43; P = 0.40). There was no difference in stroke according to morphine treatment. Patients pretreated with morphine appear to have a higher rate of reinfarction than patients not receiving morphine. This may be attributable to opiate‐related delay in P2Y12 inhibitor absorption and resultant delay in onset of platelet inhibition. These concerning findings indicate the need for prospective, randomized trials to assess the impact of opiates on clinical outcomes in STEMI.
Potassium stabilization of methylammonium lead bromide perovskite for robust photocatalytic H2 generation
Authors: Yue Dongting , Zhang Taiyang , Wang Tian , Yan Xuan , Guo Chao , Qian Xufang , Zhao Yixin
Published: January 2020

Various optoelectronic applications of organic inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskites are challenged by their stability. The photocatalytic stability of lead halide perovskites are so low that chemical stabilizer such as H3PO2 are required in their applications. We report a postsynthesis potassium stabilization on methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) to form K‐MAPbBr3 by doping K cation and depositing KBr layers. In absence of any stabilizer, this stable K‐MAPbBr3 perovskite can exhibit an unprecedented high photostability even after 200 hours continuous photocatalytic H2 generation. Impressively, the K‐MAPbBr3 cocatalyzed with Mo3S132− nanoclusters achieves a high apparent quantum efficiency up to 18.3% at 450 nm for photocatalytic H2 generation. The mechanism study reveals that the photogeneration of Pb0 and Br0 defects are effectively inhibited in K‐MAPbBr3, which makes it a robust photocatalyst for H2 generation. These findings will inspire the development of stable organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites for photocatalysis and other optoelectronic applications.

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The cognitive‐interpersonal model of disordered eating: A test of the mediating role of alexithymia
Authors: Giles Sarah , Hughes Elizabeth K. , Fuller‐Tyszkiewicz Matthew , Krug Isabel
Published: January 2020

Objective

The cognitive‐interpersonal model proposes that high levels of attention to detail and cognitive rigidity confer risk for the development of eating disorders (EDs) and that socioemotional deficits, such as alexithymia, contribute to their maintenance. However, no studies have examined the direct and indirect relationships of these constructs. We investigated the mediating role of specific alexithymia traits (difficulties describing feelings, difficulties identifying feelings, and externally oriented thinking) on the relationship between attention to detail, cognitive rigidity, and ED symptoms while controlling for anxiety and depression symptoms.

Method

Four hundred and one nonclinical female participants (M = 20.57, SD = 4.99 years old) completed self‐report measures assessing the variables of interest.

Results

Path analyses revealed that difficulties identifying feelings was the only significant mediator between attention to detail and cognitive rigidity to ED symptoms. However, these mediation effects became nonsignificant after controlling for anxiety and depression.

Conclusions

Difficulties identifying feelings may in part underlie the relationship between attention to detail and cognitive rigidity and ED symptoms, providing support for the cognitive‐interpersonal model. However, these relationships are heavily influenced by anxiety and depression symptoms. Enhancing individual's ability to identify emotional states may help to decrease ED symptoms for individuals who report high levels of attention to detail and cognitive rigidity.
A mobility solution for low power and lossy networks using the LOADng protocol
Authors: Gonçalves Allan J. R. , Rabêlo Ricardo A. L. , Rodrigues Joel J. P. C. , Oliveira Luís M. L.
Published: January 2020

Many devices on an Internet of Things (IoT) network have severe constraints on computing resources in terms of memory, processing, and power, which make these networks generally known as Low power and Lossy Networks (LLNs). Device mobility in these scenarios has several negative impacts on the network, particularly in terms of connectivity, as node movement affects the routes established by the routing protocol. The network performance is highly related to the adjacent routing protocol. The protocol considered as standard for IoT networks was designed for static networks, and it has a low reactivity in mobility scenarios, besides other limitations. Lightweight On‐demand Ad hoc Distance‐vector Routing—Next Generation (LOADng) is currently the primary reactive protocol for LLNs. Considering that mobility is a crucial feature for the future of IoT, this article proposes Extended Kalman Filter (EKF)‐LOADng, a solution built from LOADng for LLNs in the mobility context. The solution aims to make the mobile nodes aware of its location, as well as to predict the nonlinear trajectory of these nodes through the EKF. The location obtained is used to improve the connectivity of the mobile nodes and to shorten paths while messages are exchanged on the network. EKF‐LOADng was compared with the standard version and an enhanced version of the LOADng protocol in two different scenarios in the Contiki OS. Simulation results show the proposed solution is capable of locating mobile nodes with an average error of 1.46 m while maintaining connectivity to other nodes, as well as outperforms the compared proposals in some network metrics in terms of packet delivery ratio, latency, power consumption, and control bit overhead.
Programmable objective function for data transportation in the Internet of Vehicles
Authors: Fabian Philippe , Rachedi Abderrezak , Guéguen Cédric
Published: January 2020

Since the last few years, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has gained more interest from the community because of the rapid development of autonomous vehicles, the growing amount of data generated by vehicles' sensors, and the motivation to use this data for different purposes. Given the very dynamic nature of fast moving vehicles, building a network that guarantees the Quality of Service (QoS) is still a challenge. This is why we have developed an original architecture and a programmable objective function to improve QoS on the ever‐changing networks present in the IoV. Simulation results will show that the proposed solution adapts better to mobility by providing better packet delivery ratio up to five times, achieving three times less packet losses and greatly reducing the energy consumption by a factor 10 compared with state of the art solutions, without compromising delay nor throughput usage.
Professional forecasters' expectations, consistency, and international spillovers
Authors: Beckmann Joscha , Czudaj Robert L.
Published: January 2020

This paper focuses on the expectation formation process of professional forecasters by relying on survey data on forecasts regarding gross domestic product growth, consumer price index inflation and 3‐month interest rates for a broad set of countries. We examine the interrelation between macroeconomic forecasts and also the impact of uncertainty on forecasts by allowing for cross‐country interdependencies and time variation in the coefficients. We find that professional forecasts are often in line with the Taylor rule and identify significant expectation spillovers from monetary policy in the USA.
IRRIGATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTAL TRAGEDY: PATHWAYS TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURAL WATER USE
Authors: Perret Sylvain R. , Payen Sandra
Published: January 2020

Global environmental degradation, and the diverse and intense interactions between irrigation and the environment, are prompting the sector to play a more active role towards sustainability. This paper builds on ICID's 2030 vision on a more sustainable irrigation sector. It recaps the various environmental impacts of irrigation systems and calls for a threefold paradigm shift: the objectives of irrigation, its practices, and the ways to assess its impacts must evolve. The paper critically analyses the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs') framework, which provides a prompting set of orientations, yet with little consideration of the systemic nature of irrigation. The paper promotes more operational frameworks: nexus thinking and the ecosystem services' framework, since both allow for systemic approaches, and for developing trade‐offs. The paper also discusses the merits of life cycle analysis (LCA) for environmental impact assessment. The benefits gained through these alternative approaches are illustrated in two cases of environmental impacts: return flow and salinization. Finally, the paper suggests combining these approaches with three principles for fostering a true paradigm shift in agricultural water use: developing and using suitable metrics, combining models to reconnect economic concerns with environmental ones, and considering larger territories and ecosystems to cater for interactions with the environment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sparse‐graph manifold learning method for bioluminescence tomography
Authors: Guo Hongbo , Gao Ling , Yu Jingjing , He Xiaowei , Wang Hai , Zheng Jie , Yang Xudong
Published: January 2020

In preclinical researches, bioluminescence tomography (BLT) has widely been used for tumor imaging and monitoring, imaged‐guided tumor therapy, and so forth. For these biological applications, both tumor spatial location and morphology analysis are the leading problems needed to be taken into account. However, most existing BLT reconstruction methods were proposed for some specific applications with a focus on sparse representation or morphology recovery, respectively. How to design a versatile algorithm that can simultaneously deal with both aspects remains an impending problem. In this study, a Sparse‐Graph Manifold Learning (SGML) method was proposed to balance the source sparseness and morphology, by integrating non‐convex sparsity constraint and dynamic Laplacian graph model. Furthermore, based on the nonconvex optimization theory and some iterative approximation, we proposed a novel iteratively reweighted soft thresholding algorithm (IRSTA) to solve the SGML model. Numerical simulations and in vivo experiments result demonstrated that the proposed SGML method performed much superior to the comparative methods in spatial localization and tumor morphology recovery for various source settings. It is believed that the SGML method can be applied to the related optical tomography and facilitate the development of optical molecular tomography.
Sustained‐immunostimulatory nanocellulose scaffold to enhance vaccine efficacy
Authors: Nishiguchi Akihiro , Taguchi Tetsushi
Published: January 2020

An implantable scaffold‐based vaccination system is a promising platform to generate robust immune responses by modulating the immune system. However, establishment of an effective vaccine using a biodegradable, cell‐infiltrative scaffold remain challenging. Here we demonstrate a biodegradable, nanocellulose‐based immune scaffold capable of sustainably activating immune cells to elicit cellular immunity. Cell‐infiltrative nanocellulose hydrogels were used as a delivery carrier and cellular scaffold microenvironment. Nanofibrous hydrogels allowed for high cell infiltration and delivery of antigen‐loaded nanocellulose while cells degraded the hydrogel matrix. Importantly, antigen‐loaded nanocellulose hydrogels exhibited sustained activation of macrophages in vitro compared to free antigen and collagen scaffold. Histological observation revealed infiltration of macrophages and dendritic cells into the nanocellulose scaffold subcutaneously implanted in mice. In vivo fluorescence imaging indicated that the implanted scaffold released antigens at a zero‐order release profile without burst diffusion. Antigen‐loaded nanocellulose hydrogels increased interferon‐γ‐producing cells compared to free antigen injection, suggesting the enhancement of cellular immunity. Thus, nanocellulose immune scaffold may serve as a sustained‐immunostimulatory vaccine platform by providing favorable microenvironments for immune cells thus enhancing vaccine efficacy.
Performance of group additivity methods for predicting the stability of uranyl complexes
Authors: Petrus Enric , Bo Carles
Published: January 2020

Herein, we investigated the viability of two group additivity methods for predicting Gibbs energies of a set of uranyl complexes. In first place, we proved that both density functional theory (DFT)‐based methods and Serezhkin's stereoatomic model provide equivalent answers in terms of stability. Moreover, we proposed a novel methodology based on Mayer's population analysis for estimating Serezhkin's empirical parameters theoretically. On the other hand, we showed that Cheong and Persson linear algebra methodology can be successfully applied to uranyl complexes, and analyzed its performance in connection with the chemical nature of the compounds employed in the model.
Time‐to‐Event Modeling for Remimazolam for the Indication of Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia
Authors: Lohmer Lauren L. , Schippers Frank , Petersen Karl Uwe , Stoehr Thomas , Schmith Virginia D.
Published: January 2020

Remimazolam is an ultra‐short‐acting benzodiazepine being investigated for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia and for procedural sedation. This dose‐response analysis of 4 phase 2‐3 studies evaluated covariates that may impact the pharmacodynamic profile (based on theoretical pharmacokinetic principles) and require dose adjustments in subpopulations, particularly elderly, and if remimazolam has cumulative properties. Covariates affecting the time to loss of consciousness and time to extubation were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Factors affecting steady‐state infusion rate required to produce adequate sedation were evaluated using linear regression. Variability in time to loss of consciousness was explained by induction dose, age, body mass index, and time from initiation of opioids to initiation of remimazolam. The steady‐state infusion rate producing adequate sedation was higher in European than Japanese subjects due to differences in study design. American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class 3 subjects had a 28% lower maintenance infusion rate than class 1 subjects. Other statistically significant covariates (American Society of Anesthesiologists class 2, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and sex) resulted in small (≤14%), non–clinically relevant differences. Factors affecting time to extubation included the last infusion rate (ie, tapering), the bispectral index score at the end of infusion, and sex. The time to extubation after remimazolam did not increase with increased cumulative dose of remimazolam or duration of surgery. This evaluation of remimazolam's pharmacodynamic profile, in the absence of pharmacokinetic data, informed dosing recommendations and showed that remimazolam does not have cumulative properties in the general anesthesia setting.
Socio‐technical thinking of students and practitioners in the context of humanitarian engineering
Authors: Mazzurco Andrea , Daniel Scott
Published: January 2020

Background

Humanitarian engineering (HE) is rapidly emerging in universities and professional workplaces worldwide. In HE, socio‐technical thinking is fundamental as HE projects exist at the intersection of engineering and sustainable community development. However, the literature still lacks an understanding of the key features of socio‐technical thinking.

Purpose/Hypothesis

The purpose of this article is to investigate the key characteristics that distinguish the socio‐technical thinking of an expert from a novice in the context of HE projects.

Design/Method

We distributed the Energy Conversion Playground (ECP) design task to students starting their engineering degree (n = 26) and practitioners (n = 16). We iteratively and inductively analyzed the responses to develop a rubric characterizing the key features of expert socio‐technical thinking. We then scored participants' responses and compared them to identify differences between students and practitioners.

Results

The analysis showed that expert socio‐technical thinkers can provide high‐quality considerations across three domains: technology, people, and broader context. The comparison of the participants' scores showed that both students and practitioners scored highly in the technology domain. In contrast, students scored poorly in the people and broader contexts domains, identifying only simplistic considerations in these non‐technical areas, if at all.

Conclusions

This study provides novel insights into the development of socio‐technical thinking and further validates the ECP as a trustworthy measure of socio‐technical thinking. Implications for engineering educators and multiple lines of future research are also discussed.
Metallization and Ar‐O plasma effects on dental enamel roughness evaluated with SEM and MeX™ for 3D reconstruction
Authors: Hauss Monteiro Débora Drummond , Limborço Henrique , Porto Rodrigo Guimarães , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Rodrigues Wagner Nunes , de Magalhães Cláudia Silami
Published: January 2020

The MeX™ software is a useful tool for tridimensional data collection for surface evaluation and could be relevant to evaluate the same specimen in different phases of the study, assuming repeated measures of dental enamel roughness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sample metallization for dental enamel roughness analysis with 3D images reconstructed using MeX™ software from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The influence of 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon−oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal on surface roughness of the metallized specimen was also evaluated. Dental enamel specimens were prepared for SEM analysis with and without carbon metallization using conventional or environmental modes. Argon−oxygen plasma for carbon layer removal was used and surface roughness was re‐evaluated. Roughness obtained by SEM and MeX™ reconstructed images, with or without metallization, did not differ. No significant alteration on surface roughness after carbon layer removal using plasma was found. SEM baseline evaluation using conventional mode without sample preparation and in environmental mode were not comparable. Roughness of enamel 3D images reconstructed with MeX™ software from SEM images, with or without metallization was similar. The 74.98% (%mol/mol) argon−oxygen plasma removed the carbon layer with no effect on enamel roughness.
Relationships of health information orientation and cancer history on preferences for consent and control over biospecimens in a biobank: A race‐stratified analysis
Authors: Hong Soo Jung , Drake Bettina , Goodman Melody , Kaphingst Kimberly A.
Published: January 2020

In this study, we investigated how patients’ self‐reported health information efficacy, relationship with health providers, and cancer history are associated with their preferences for informed consent and need for control over biobank biospecimens. We recruited 358 women aged 40 and older (56% African American; 44% European American) and analyzed the data using multivariable regression models. Results show that African American participants’ health information efficacy was significantly and negatively associated with their need for control over biospecimens and preference for a study‐specific model. European American participants’ dependency on doctors was a significant and negative predictor of their preference for a study‐specific model. Several significant interaction effects, which varied across races, were found with regard to health information efficacy, personal cancer history, need for control, and preference for a study‐specific model. The study findings suggest it is important to consider health information efficacy, relationship with providers, and need for control when developing large diverse biobanks.
Clinical outcomes of octogenarians according to preoperative disease severity and comorbidities after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Park Yejong , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Song Ki Byung , Jun Eunsung , Lee Woohyung , Kwon Jaewoo , Kim Song Cheol
Published: January 2020

Background/Purpose

Clinical outcomes of octogenarians with acute cholecystitis treated with laparoscopic cholecystectomy are unclear. This study aimed to compare their outcomes according to preoperative severity and comorbidities.

Methods

Medical charts of 120 octogenarians who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis between January 2008 and December 2017 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, were retrospectively reviewed. Based on the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG 18), patients had mild (n = 35), moderate (n = 61), or severe (n = 24) disease. We investigated postoperative outcomes, comorbidities, and prognostic factors of ≥grade III complications.

Results

Total antibiotic use duration (P = .024), operative times (P = .002), additional port insertion (P = .012), and postoperative hospital stay (P = .018) were significantly higher in the severe group. There were no statistically significant differences in total or grade III or higher complications (P = .304) or mortality (P = .476). On multivariate analysis, pulmonary disease predicted Clavien‐Dindo classification ≥grade III complications (odds ratio 37.075; 95% confidence interval 5.734‐239.695;P < .001).

Conclusions

In octogenarians, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and tolerable for severe acute cholecystitis classified according to the TG 18. Pulmonary comorbidities are an independent prognostic factor of ≥grade III complications.
Design of a tunable LNA and its variability analysis through surrogate modeling
Authors: Xhafa Xhesila , Yelten Mustafa Berke
Published: January 2020

In this paper, a tunable low noise amplifier (LNA), which provides a bandwidth of 1 GHz, has been designed. The tunability of the LNA has been achieved by employing MOS varactors in accumulation mode. A shift in the LNA performance has been observed with the change in the total capacitance of the varactors through the control voltage. Starting from 2 to 3 GHz, the proposed tunable LNA provides a noise figure (NF) of less than 3 dB, a voltage gain of 12 dB and higher, while maintaining input and output power matching (S11 and S22) metrics at least below −12 dB. The total power consumption of the circuit is 23 mW. Moreover, two case studies that demonstrate the usage of surrogate modeling in RF circuit design have been described. Three‐ and six‐dimensional surrogate models have been built to illustrate the effect of bondwires on the variability of several LNA design metrics.