bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Autocontenção no Judiciário Brasileiro: uma análise das relações estratégicas entre os Poderes constituídos do Estado
Authors: Pontes Juliana De Brito , Gomes Neto José Mário Wanderley , Teixeira João Paulo Fernandes de Souza Allain
Published: January 2018

A arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental (ADPF) é um instrumento processual-constitucional tipicamente brasileiro, capaz de impedir atos de ameaça ou violação a preceito fundamental, decorrentes do Poder Público. O contexto marcante da judicialização da política na jurisdição constitucional brasileira evidencia o reduzido número de arguições de descumprimento julgadas. Pretende-se traçar o perfil empírico do funcionamento do controle de constitucionalidade por meio das ADPFs, bem como analisar a ocorrência da autocontenção judicial e o comportamento dos magistrados ao proferirem decisões referentes às ADPFs. Para tanto, houve avaliação quantitativa do total das arguições catalogadas e análise qualitativa das arguições julgadas e não julgadas a partir do estudo de casos abrangendo as ADPFs propostas, sendo distribuídas conforme variáveis e analisada a distribuição de frequências por meio da elaboração de gráficos. Buscou-se compreender a seletividade no julgamento das ADPFs realizada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF), especificando os elementos que motivaram o efetivo processo decisório e os fatores que permitem a prática de autocontenção pela Suprema Corte brasileira. Verificou-se o conflito entre os Poderes Executivo e Judiciário: grande parte das arguições propostas tem como maior violador o próprio Poder Judiciário, porém, quando este profere decisões de mérito nas ADPFs, julga em maioria as ações que tiveram como violador o Poder Executivo, impedindo que as ações contra o Judiciário tenham continuidade, e este seja reconhecido como maior violador dos direitos e garantias fundamentais. Espera-se, com a realização desta pesquisa, contribuir para a compreensão das relações estratégicas entre os Poderes constituídos do Estado.
Semiotics and culture: The perception of time as a semiotic problem
Authors: Uspenskij Boris
Published: January 2018

The perception of time is culturally conditioned which means that in different cultures time may be experienced – perceived, conceptualized and evaluated – in diverse ways. The distinction between past, present and future seems to be a universal phenomenon, but the relations of these categories may be different in different cultural codes. The author defines two models of temporal perception, ‘historical’ and ‘cosmological’, analysing the conceptualization of time in each of them.
The figure of the impostor to the throne in Russian political culture: Between sacralization and mimesis
Authors: Kalinin Ilya
Published: January 2018

Proceeding from materials relating to the “Time of Troubles”, this article examines the phenomenon of imposture (samozvanchestvo) as one of the symbols of Russian political history from the early 17th to the mid-19th century. The duration of the “impostor epidemic” coincides exactly with that of serfdom, and imposture itself can be described as a social reaction to a form of authority founded on total personal dependence. The article aims to develop further Boris Uspenskij’s argument that reveals in sacralization of the Tsar’s power in medieval Russia the main reason of imposture. René Girard’s conception of mimetic desire serves as the theoretical perspective for such a development.
Boris Uspenskij on history, linguistics and semiotics
Authors: Velmezova Ekaterina , Kull Kalevi
Published: January 2018

The two interviews with Boris Uspenskij on history and the contemporary state of linguistics and semiotics discuss the necessity to elaborate a common terminology in semiotics, at the same time speaking about perspectives for interdisciplinary research, various research models, and the possibilities to produce proof in the humanities. Commenting upon some of his own works, in particular on Ego loquens (2007), Boris Uspenskij reflects upon the crucial events of his academic life and on contacts with his colleagues, emphasizing the importance of friendship with Roman Jakobson and Juri Lotman.
Oh What a Beautiful Morning! Diurnal Influences on Executives and Analysts: Evidence from Conference Calls
Authors: Chen Jing , Demers Elizabeth , Lev Baruch
Published: January 2018

This study provides novel evidence that expert economic agents’ work-related activities are systematically influenced by the time of day. We use archival data derived from time-stamped quarterly earnings conference calls together with linguistic algorithms to measure and track the moods of executives and analysts at different times of the day. The evidence indicates that the tone of conference call discussions deteriorates markedly over the course of the trading day, with both analysts’ and executives’ moods becoming more negative as the day wears on. Capital market pricing tests reveal that the time-of-day-induced negative tone leads to temporary stock mispricings. Our findings are relevant because the diurnal variations in behavior documented in the context of quarterly earnings calls are likely to extend across other important corporate communication, decision making, and performance situations, leading to potentially significant economic consequences.

This paper was accepted by Shiva Rajgopal, accounting.
The Sociodrama of Life or Death: Young Adults and Addiction Treatment
Authors: Giacomucci Scott
Published: January 2018

The continued opiate epidemic has severely impacted young people as drug overdoses have reached unprecedented levels. Young people, more than ever, have been seeking addiction treatment with mostly unfavorable outcomes. Adjusting our treatment approaches to the specific needs of young adults is necessary. Many treatment programs for young adults can be improved by incorporating engaging, experiential treatment groups into their models, including sociodrama and sociometry. This article emphasizes the effectiveness of sociometry in meeting the developmental needs of young adults in addition to recounting the Sociodrama of Life or Death, which manifested spontaneously in an inpatient group at Mirmont Treatment Center and has been enacted with many different groups since. The walk toward life in sobriety or toward death by addiction is a walk that many are facing each day. Using future projection and surplus reality, the sociodrama brings these two paths, side by side, into the room for the group to experience.
THE DRAMATIC SHIFT IN EMPHASIS FROM A SHAREHOLDER-DOMINATED APPROACH TO A STAKEHOLDER-ORIENTED CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODEL
Authors: Adnan ATM , Tandigalla Hilda
Published: January 2018

Corporate governance (CG) has emerged as one of the most recognized areas for researchers, academics, practitioner, and regulators over the last few decades. This paper will initially present an epigrammatic overview on key developments in corporate governance along with the intellectual foundations of the ‘shareholder versus stakeholder’ argument. Additionally, this study tries to analyze the contemporary shift in the perception of corporations from the shareholders wealth maximization to stakeholder’s valuation. It has been noticed that investigating cross country and firm based variances in wealth distribution between diverse interest groups is likely to continue as major focus for CG study. It has been experienced that the nature of the corporation is changing around the globe, Big multinationals have been splitting into smaller liberated corporation, access to capital market is become easier and physical resources are easily replaceable and less exclusive to business strategy therefore the human resources turn into significantly important means to a corporation’s existence and growth. In addition to that firm’s relationships with community and goodwill are becoming equally crucial. In line with that, the implementation of corporate governance principle in every country can be vary because of their different cultural, existing legal system, environmental condition, social and historical values. In addition to the principle differences regarding the interests of the parties served, the two orientations of corporate governance also differ in terms of purpose. This means that the corporate governance evolution will be progressive and different according to individual countries. Furthermore, from a systems-based viewpoint, recent progresses are often viewed as a “mixture” of domestic CG framework. Fundamental features from stakeholder leaned system are reframed with latest aspects of equity-holder leaned models, such as comprehensibility and precision. Shareholder and stakeholder focused CG, might help to create an equilibrium or complement each other such as happening in Germany and Japan. Global standards are also playing a major role in the recent convergence of CG.
POR ECHAR UNA MANO NOS HICIMOS HUMANOS, SIN MEDIAR PALABRA
Authors: García Carrasco Joaquín
Published: December 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN. Es un hecho que en la cultura occidental posterior a la Ilustración, ha predominado la descripción de la mente humana claramente sesgada hacia la lógica y el argumento; el prototipo de la racionalidad sería científico, especialmente el matemático y el de las ciencias naturales. En la deliberación antropológica han primado los indicios que mostraban conocimiento técnico y capacidades productivas derivadas para describir el proceso de humanización. Se abre camino, no obstante, un modelo antropológico que sitúa la cooperación como mecanismo central de la presión evolutiva hacia la condición humana; investigar funciones mentales implicadas en el patrón de cooperación será el objetivo de este trabajo. Señalaremos los argumentos principales que corroboran el valor de esta perspectiva y la medida en la que los hechos observables la apoyan. MÉTODO. Recurriremos a datos proporcionados por la antropología sobre prioridad temporal y causal de la cultura de la cooperación, sobre la cultura de artefactos o cultura técnica; resaltaremos el acogimiento del recién nacido y la cultura de la natalidad, como un capítulo principal del patrón comportamental de cooperación. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN. En este nicho de experiencias emergió la recursividad del pensamiento, primero, y, posteriormente, la técnica y el lenguaje oral. Los pertrechos instrumentales no quedan por encima de los componentes emotivos ni sobre las capacidades implicadas en el apego afectivo, la afiliación y el mutuo entendimiento sentimental. Coincidimos con quienes han venido resaltando la importancia teórica de la ética de la compasión, de la ética del cuidado, la ética de la natalidad, la ética de la responsabilidad. Parece necesario incorporar la perspectiva que privilegie en la evolución el comportamiento cooperativo. Los datos apuntan a que la cooperación se anticipó evolutivamente al progreso en la tecnología.
Uma análise lexicológica dos instrumentos e das relações de trabalho em Seara Vermelha, de Jorge Amado
Authors: Teixeira Maria da Conceição Reis
Published: December 2017

Em Seara vermelha, Jorge Amado empreende a representação da cultura do povo sertanejo e, por meio de sua narrativa ficcional, faz ecoar marcas indenitárias da cultural desse povo. Tal representação só foi possível pelo uso da linguagem. A língua facultou ao homem Jorge Amado estabelecer a relação indivíduo-sociedade-identidade e cultura. O léxico é o nível da língua que melhor representa o saber de um grupo sócio-linguístico-cultural, pois representa a via de acesso para ver e representar o mundo, deixando, portanto, transparecer os valores, as crenças, os hábitos e os costumes de um grupo social do qual o indivíduo faz parte. No presente texto, almejamos apresentar uma leitura da referida obra mediada pelas lentes da lexicologia, especialmente à luz da teoria dos campos lexicais proposta por Coseriu ([1977] 1986). A análise das lexias organizadas em macro e microcampos lexicais dos instrumentos e das relações de trabalho, conforme postula Coseriu, permite fazer a interseção entre o estudo do vocabulário da obra em questão com o conjunto de valores através dos quais se manifestam as relações entre indivíduos de um mesmo grupo que partilham patrimônios comuns como, por exemplo, a cultura, a língua, a religião, os costumes.
Avicenna on Matter: Implications for Ernst Bloch's Marxist Aesthetics
Authors: Karam AbuSehly
Published: January 2018

The question of the influence of Islamic philosophy on Western critical theory is far from being a well-established area of research and not without controversy. It becomes even more controversial when integrating an Islamic discourse as having implications for Marxist aesthetics. This is very true in the case of Avicenna and Ernst Bloch, an area which has not been addressed adequately. This article, therefore, explores how Avicenna was integrated into a materialist Western discourse, through playing a major role in what Bloch termed the Aristotelian Left, an idea that Bloch expressed in full in his Avicenna and the Aristotelian Left (1952). I argue that no matter how controversial the integration of Avicenna's position on matter might be, it has significant implications for Bloch's Marxist aesthetics and his warm stream of Marxism. By examining these implications, the present article sheds light on the possibilities latent in Islamic philosophy, in one of its variation, for a critical theory of culture and society.
Emergence of Institutional Islamophobia: The Case of the Charity Commission of England and Wales
Authors: Ismail Patel
Published: January 2018

The Charity Commission of England and Wales supports and regulates the charity sector whose emergence can be traced back to the early seventeenth century. However, there has been limited academic scrutiny of its regulatory approach particularly regarding Muslim-identified charities. This article first challenges the Commission's claim to be an independent body, and second questions whether its contemporary role reveals institutional Islamophobia. It is argued that, since partnering with the UK government's “Prevent” agenda – or war on terror – to control ungoverned spaces for extremism, the Commission has assumed a policing role. This role is analysed through discourse theory and a Foucauldian approach to disciplinary techniques. To analyse the repertoire of institutionalised Islamophobia, the study draws upon Carmichael and Hamilton's definition of institutional racism, the Parekh Report, and Pilkington's ten components of institutional racism. In challenging the Commission's claim to independence, the article highlights the changes in its practices and structure. It argues the structural changes have deflected accountabilities of the board members and chair and resulted in the politicisation of their selection process. Furthermore, the shifts in the Commission's practices have had a disproportionate impact on Muslim charities, where thirty-eight per cent of all disclosed statutory investigations conducted are on Muslim charities despite representing only 1.21 per cent of the sector. This article provides a discourse analysis of the regulatory approach of a significant public body and departs from investigations of subjective and media representations of Muslims that have monopolised research on Islamophobia.
CROSS-STUDY RESEARCH ON UTILITY AND VALIDITY OF DRIVING SIMULATOR FOR DRIVER BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Matowicki Michal , Přibyl Ondřej
Published: January 2018

Driving is one of the most ordinary and universal everyday tasks and, at the same time, one of the most complex and dangerous. It requires a full range of sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor functions, all of which can be affected by a wide range of stressors and experience levels. Therefore, exploring of human behaviour while controlling a vehicle is a crucial task in improving traffic safety. Experimental studies can always be conducted with on-road tests, however, using a simulator is safer and more cost-effective. The main goal of this paper is to demonstrate if and under what conditions could a driving simulator provide sufficient results required for a proper study of driver behavior. It discusses its limits and advantages. Overall, the research reviewed in this paper indicates that simulator driving behaviour approximates (relative validity of speed and lateral position of vehicle on road), but does not exactly replicate (absolute validity), on-road driving behaviour.
AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN 3D FOR VEHICLE SIMULATORS
Authors: Orlický Adam
Published: January 2018

One of the modern methods of testing new systems and interfaces in vehicles is testing in a vehicle simulator. Providing quality models of virtual scenes is one of tasks for driver-car interaction interface simulation. Nowadays, there exist many programs for creating 3D models of road infrastructures, but most of these programs are very expensive or canÂtt export models for the following use. Therefore, a plug-in has been developed at the Faculty of Transportation Sciences in Prague. It can generate road infrastructure by Czech standard for designing roads (CSN 73 6101). The uniqueness of this plug-in is that it is the first tool for generating road infrastructure in NURBS representation. This type of representation brings more exact models and allows to optimize transfer for creating quality models for vehicle simulators. The scenes created by this plug-in were tested on vehicle simulators. The results have shown that with newly created scenes drivers had a much better feeling in comparison to previous scenes.
ANALYSIS ON THE INFLUENCE OF ACCUMULATION EFFECT OF LANDSCAPE COLOR ON TRAFFIC SAFETY IN THE FOGGY SECTIONS OF EXPRESSWAYS
Authors: Li Xiaolei , Tang Boming
Published: January 2018

The landscape color of expressways has a significant impact on a driver's visual response, thus affecting the incidence of expressways traffic accidents. Although this problem has been analyzed and discussed from different angles, there is rare quantitative analysis on the influence of accumulation effect of landscape color on the traffic safety in foggy sections of expressways. In this paper, the color combination and stroboflash of fog lamps on both sides of the road were designed from the perspective of the color research of road landscapes, and the cumulative effect of colors and stroboflash of fog lamps on the drivers’ mind was also studied. Then the interactive cumulative model based on landscape color and driving time in heavy-fog environment was established. Finally, multi-group of fog-lamp colors and spacing experiment program allowing a visibility of 200–500m in fog environments was designed by using Tobii eye-movement instrument and the UC-win/Road simulation software. According to the program, simulations were performed on several drivers to test the influence of road-landscape colors in foggy environments on the drivers' visual psychology. The results of the simulation experiment showed that the colors and stroboflash of fog lamps on both sides of the road have a positive effect on the drivers’ safety when the visibility range is 200–500m, and the driving speed is less than 70 km/h, in addition, the red and yellow were found to have the largest influence among all the studied colors. These results show that it is necessary to design landscape colors in the foggy sections of expressways.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF BLASTING-INDUCED GROUND VIBRATION FROM TUNNEL UNDERCROSSING A VILLAGE
Authors: Haobo Fan , Deqiang Yu , Dongping Zhao , Jinxing Lai , Yongli Xie
Published: January 2018

To study the effect of blasting-induced vibration on ground buildings when tunnel undercrossing a village, a blasting vibration trial was carried out in Beizhuang tunnel in Henan Province, China. The safety blasting distance and reasonable explosive charge were pre-estimated according to empirical formula. The attenuation of ground vibration velocity was simulated using a 3D numerical model. Less explosive charge and longer distance to blasting source would result in lower ground vibration. When designed explosive charge was 54 kg, the safe distance was 42.26 m. While the distance between building and blasting source was about 37 m, the maximum explosive charge was 36.24 kg. The numerical results showed that the significantly horizontal affect region of blasting vibration was within 50 m to blasting source. Accordingly, effective vibration control is necessary to avoid disturbing human daily life during tunneling.
El lugar de la Didáctica de la Historia en la formación docente de grado. Análisis comparativo de los profesorados de Historia de la ciudad de Bahía Blanca
Authors: Santos La Rosa Mariano
Published: December 2017

El análisis del lugar que tiene y ha tenido la didáctica de la Historia en los planes de estudio de la formación de grado del profesorado resulta importante para comprender las concepciones acerca de la formación docente que se encuentran detrás de las determinaciones curriculares adoptadas. También permite situarnos ante la problemática de discutir el impacto que tiene la formación inicial en la preparación de docentes que dispongan de herramientas para pensar críticamente la enseñanza de la Historia. Desde hace ya varias décadas la Didáctica de la Historia se ha ido consolidando como campo de conocimiento autónomo a partir de investigaciones relacionadas con múltiples dimensiones vinculadas con la enseñanza de la Historia. Entre una de las tantas temáticas que han sido objeto de reflexión se encuentran aquellas vinculadas con la formación de profesionales especializados en la enseñanza de la Historia a partir del análisis de la estructura de los planes de estudios del profesorado. En este trabajo pretendemos analizar la importancia que ha tenido la didáctica de la Historia en la estructura curricular de los dos profesorados de Historia que se dictan en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca, tomados como estudios de caso. De esta manera buscamos visualizar las políticas de formación docente que pueden evidenciarse a través de los mismos así como también las lógicas seguidas en la estructuración de dichos planes de estudio.
Posicionamiento político de los jóvenes y conocimiento histórico: un estudio empírico en los Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Mendanha Cruz Matheus
Published: December 2017

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo discutir la relación entre conocimiento histórico y posicionamiento político de los jóvenes de la escuela media, entre 15 y 18 años. Para tal fin, fue utilizado el método de levantamiento de datos cuantitativos para obtener un retrato general de esta relación. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados en las ciudades de Ponta Grossa- PR y Castro- PR, ambas de la región de Campos Gerais, entre los meses de mayo y junio de 2017. El tema elegido para la reflexión sobre posicionamiento político y conocimiento histórico fue el periodo entre 1964-1985 en Brasil, cuando el país fue gobernado por los militares. Los datos levantados permiten percibir que los jóvenes que presentan mayor conocimiento histórico sobre el periodo acaban también por adherir a soluciones más complejas.
Genetic polymorphism of kappa-casein gene in Friesian Holstein: a basic selection of dairy cattle superiority
Authors: Volkandari S. D. , Indriawati I. , Margawati E. T.
Published: January 2018

Caseins are milk protein subdivided into four main groups which are αS1, αS2, β-casein and kappa-casein (CSN3). Kappa-casein gene influences the manufacturing of milk properties. The aim of this study was to identify the kappa-casein gene polymorphism in Friesian Holstein (FH) cattle. Fifty nine (59) samples consisted of 32 (Malang), 10 (Sukahati Bogor) and 17 (Research Center for Biotechnology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences’s collections)were applied in this study. DNA samples were extracted by high concentrated NaCl and quantified by spectrophotometer. The kappa-casein gene was amplified at 379 bp fragment by PCR method using a pair primer of kappa-casein at 56oC annealing for 30 cycles. PCR-RFLP technique with HindIII was used for genotyping analysis. The result showed that there were three variants of genotypes (AA, AB and BB) in two populations from Malang and RC for Biotechnology-LIPI’s collection while cattle from Sukahati had only AA and AB genotypes. The averages of genotype frequencies were 65.28%; 65.28%; and 3.00% for AA, AB and BB genotypes respectively while frequencies of 0.81 and 0.19 were for A and B alleles, respectively. FH cattle populations were in equilibrium genetics. This finding concludes that polymorphism was found in three of FH populations with A allele was more common in kappa-casein locus. B allele is known having association with milk production, milk component and cheese yield. Increasing of B allele would influence on milk performance of FH cattle. Explorations of quantitative, qualitative and molecular genetics are important to improve dairy cattle performance.
Evaluation of some insects as potential feed ingredients for ruminants: chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation and methane emissions
Authors: Jayanegara A. , Yantina N. , Novandri B. , Laconi E. B. , Nahrowi N. , Ridla M.
Published: January 2018

This experiment was aimed to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro rumen fermentation, digestibility and methane emissions of some insects, i.e. Jamaican field cricket (JFC), mealworm (MW) and black soldier fly larvae age 1 and 2 weeks (BSF1 and BSF2). Insect samples were oven-dried at 60oC for 24 h, and ground to pass a 1 mm sieve. The ground samples were used subsequently for chemical composition determination and in vitro rumen fermentation test. Incubation was carried out in a water bath maintained at 39 ºC for 48 h in three replicates. Results revealed that all insect meals contained high crude protein, i.e. above 40% DM. Proportions of neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) and neutral detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) were high in the insect meals than that of soybean meal (SBM), and these were particularly very high in BSF2. All insect meals had lower IVDMD and IVOMD than that of SBM (P<0.05). All insect meals had lower methane emissions as compared to SBM at 12, 24 and 48 h (P<0.05). It can be concluded that insect meals are potential protein supplements and have low methane emissions in vitro. However, their digestibility is rather low and may limit their utilization.
Konference Univerzity a udržitelný rozvoj
Authors: Dlouhá Jana
Published: January 2018

The Charles University Environment Centre reminded this year 25 years since its founding. On this occasion, on November 21, 2017, a conference "Universities and Sustainable Development was held at the Patriotic Hall of the historical building of Charles University. Conference focused on the current problems of the contemporary world and the involvement of universities in their efforts to correct them.
Evaluation of protein levels of autophagy markers (Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62) and phosphorylation of cyclin E in the placenta of women with preeclampsia
Authors: Akcora Yildiz Dilara , Irtegun Kandemir Sevgi , Agacayak Elif , Deveci Engin
Published: January 2018

Preeclampsia is a severe multisystem disorder, and its pathophysiology is still not completely understood. Autophagy, a recycling process that maintains cellular homoeostasis during differentiation and development, is controversial regarding increased or decreased autophagic activity in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine whether autophagy is increased in the placentas of women with preeclampsia by examining the protein levels of autophagy markers (Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62) and phosphorylation of cyclin E. For this purpose, placentas from preeclampsia (n=10) and control (n=10) pregnancies were included in this study. The protein expression of autophagy-related markers Beclin1, SQSTM1/p62 and phosphorylation status of cyclin E were detected by Western blot. Our data showed that the protein levels of both Beclin 1 and SQSTM1/p62 were significantly increased, while the phosphorylation level of cyclin E was significantly decreased in placentas with preeclampsia compared to those derived from controls. The results of this study suggest that the autophagic activity is perpetually increased in preeclampsia and cyclin E protein stabilisation might be involved in the induction of autophagy.
Hepatoprotective properties for Salvia cryptantha extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury
Authors: Yalcin Alper , Yumrutas Onder , Kuloglu Tuncay , Elibol Ebru , Parlar Ali , Yilmaz ć°smet , Pehlivan Mustafa , Dogukan Mevlut , Uckardes Fatih , Aydin Hasan , Turk Ahmet , Uludag Oznur , Sahin ć°brahim , Ugur Kader , Aydin Suleyman
Published: January 2018

The present study was designed to determine the possible hepatoprotective effects of Salvia cryptantha (black weed) plant extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury in rats. Animals were grouped as follows: control group (Group I), CCl4 group (Group II), olive oil group (Group III), CCl4 + S. cryphantha 200 mg/kg group (Group IV), and CCl4 + S. cryptantha 400mg/kg group (Group V). Rats were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 diluted in olive oil (50% v/v) at a dose of 1ml/kg body weight.  Bax and Caspase3 were determined by immunohistochemical staining, while apoptotic index was evaluated using TUNEL assay. Total mRNA was isolated from liver tissues, and the levels of BCL2, Caspase3, SOD, CAT, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were determined by using PCR, while MDA level were determined using a colorimetric assay. The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic gene transcripts were decreased in all of the control and treatment groups, while Caspase3 levels were not statistically different. The S. cryptantha plant extract treatment was also found to improve SOD, GPx, and catalase levels, while reducing the serum levels of MDA. The extract of S. cryptantha supplementation had a protective effect against CCl4-induced liver damage. S. cryptantha extract as a supplement may be useful as a hepato-protective agent to combat the toxic effects caused by CCl4 and other chemicals.
The Journey of the Spiritual Song Pozdvihni se duše z prachu [Raise, Thou Soul, Thyself from the Dust] from a Printed Broadside to a Hymn Book
Authors: Běhalová Štěpánka
Published: December 2017

The article deals with the publication of the song for the Holy Mass with the incipit Pozdvihni se duše z prachu [Raise, Thou Soul, Thyself from the Dust] in the 19th century. The author of the text of this song is the Premonstratensian Eugen Karel Tupy, also known under the pseudonym Boleslav Jablonsky. This song for the Holy Mass is included in the current unified hymn book in the section of the Ordinary and common chants of the Mass as number 517. In the 19th century, the song was published in several types of printed media. Its earliest extant edition is a broadside from 1845, which was followed by similar editions from 1849 and 1850, 1854, 1855, 1859 and another two undated. In 1852, the author himself included it in the second edition of the prayer book Růže sionská [The Rose of Zion], although it is not part of the first edition from 1845. In the same year, the song was included in the hymn book Písně ke mši svaté pro školní mládež [Songs for the Holy Mass for School Children] and three years later in a hymn book from the same printing house Písně ke mši svaté, k úžitku osady Hostounské a Únětické [Songs for the Holy Mass to Be Used in the Settlements of Hostouň and Unětice] and in 1860 in the Zpěvník pro chrám, školu i dům [The Hymnal for Church, School and Home]. At that time, it also appeared in the contemporary Perla pravých křesťanů [A Pearl of True Christians], compiled by František Křenek and published in 1860, as well as in the prayer book Květinná malá zahrádka [A Small Flower Garden], published in the printing house of Alois Josef Landfras and his son in Jindřichův Hradec around 1860. The song was also included in Písně a modlitby pro studující katolickou mládež [Songs and Prayers for Young Catholic Students] by Blahorod Čap, who had the collection printed in Litomyšl in 1869. The penetration of the text of the song by a renowned poet and writer from broadsides to hymnals and prayer books provides interesting and rare evidence of the journey of an artificial song to the unified hymn book.
Urinary tract infection in Children Hospitalized at Constanta Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital
Authors: Pînzaru Anca Daniela , Mihai Raluca , Burcea Octavia , Cambrea Simona Claudia
Published: December 2017

Introduction: In pediatrics, the urinary tract infection is one of the most frequent bacterial infection, representing an important health problem due to its high incidence, wide etiology, asymptomatic evolution, and multiple and sever complications, relapses and sequelae.” Material and Method: We evaluated 45 children, aged between 6 months and 16 years, diagnosed and treated for urinary tract infection at the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, of Constanta County, in a period of 3 years and 6 months. Results: During studied period, between January 2014 and June 2017 from a total of 9343 patients admitted to the Constanta Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, we selected 45 children (4.81‰) diagnosed with urinary tract infection. The average age of children with urinary tract infections was 5 years and 5 months. The gender distribution revealed a 2:1 balance in girl’s favor. The most affected group of age was 1-3 years. Fever was the dominating symptom. Urine cultures were positive for 37 cases, meanwhile for eight cases had been negative. The predominant germs are E. coli for female and for male Proteus. We noticed that for E. coli the highest sensitivity is preserved to Ertapenem -15 cases, followed by Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin -10 cases each, and Gentamycin -9 cases. Conclusions: Pediatric urinary tract infection should be considered in every patient under 3 years with unexplained fever.
Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the tongue- A rarity Case report
Authors: Madiyal Ananya , Subhas Babu G. , Ajila Vidya , Hegde Shruthi
Published: December 2017

Basal cell adenocarcinoma is an unusual basaloid tumour that usually affects the parotid and very rarely involves the submandibular or minor salivary glands. It constitutes 1.6% of all salivary gland tumours and occurs as an asymptomatic freely mobile mass with occasional lymph node metastasis. Differentiation from benign salivary gland tumours like basal cell adenoma is accomplished by determining the depth of tumour invasion and patterns of growth or infiltration. Although it is categorised as a low-grade malignancy, it has a high propensity for recurrence. Surgical excision with a wide margin is the preferred course of treatment with radiotherapy being reserved only for tumours of the minor salivary glands with a diffuse pattern of infiltration. We present here a case of basal cell adenocarcinoma with a rare presentation in the minor salivary glands of the tongue which arose from a previously treated basal cell adenoma in the same site.
Computer-aided drug design of capuramycin analogues as anti-tuberculosis antibiotics by 3D-QSAR and molecular docking
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Fan Shuai , Lv Guangxin , Meng Haoyi , Sun Zhengyang , Jiang Wei , Van Lanen Steven G. , Yang Zhaoyong
Published: December 2017

Capuramycin and a few semisynthetic derivatives have shown potential as anti-tuberculosis antibiotics.To understand their mechanism of action and structureactivity relationships a 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies were performed. A set of 52 capuramycin derivatives for the training set and 13 for the validation set was used. A highly predictive MFA model was obtained with crossvalidated q2of 0.398, and non-cross validated partial least-squares (PLS) analysis showed a conventional r2of 0.976 and r2predof 0.839. The model has an excellent predictive ability. Combining the 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies, a number of new capuramycin analogs with predicted improved activities were designed. Biological activity tests of one analog showed useful antibiotic activity againstMycobacterium smegmatisMC2 155 andMycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv. Computer-aided molecular docking and 3D-QSAR can improve the design of new capuramycin antimycobacterial antibiotics.
Giant Frontoethmoidal osteoma with orbital involvementa rare case report with review of literature
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Sharma Arvind , Singh Jitendra , Ojha Tarun
Published: December 2017

Osteomas are benign tumours that involve paranasal sinuses more than other parts of body. Frontal sinus is most common while sphenoid is least one. They are usually asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on imaging for other reasons. Giant variety of frontoethmoid osteoma is very rare and only few cases are described in literature. Orbital involvement in giant frontoethmoid osteoma is even rarer. Due to threat to vision, this variety is an indication for surgical intervention followed by reconstruction of defect. As these tumours are very large, endoscopic approaches are less indicated and there is no clear consensus which open surgical approach is better. We are reporting such a rare case of giant frontoethmoid osteoma causing proptosis and restriction of eye movement that was treated with open surgical approach.
Insights from the Think&EatGreen@School Project: How a community-based action research project contributed to healthy and sustainable school food systems in Vancouver
Authors: Rojas Alejandro , Black Jennifer , Orrego Elena , Chapman Gwen , Valley Will
Published: January 2018

From 2010 to 2016 the Think&EatGreen@School project worked to create healthy and sustainable school food systems in the Vancouver School Board.  Using models of Community-Engaged Scholarship and Community-Based Action Research, we implemented diverse programmatic and monitoring activities to provide students and teachers with hands-on food cycle education, in order to influence policy, and to encourage university students to engage actively with the food system. Our focus was on transformation of local school food systems as a context-specific means to address serious global issues related to food security, health and environmental sustainability. This paper provides a synthesis of the project including the context that led to its inception, its overarching goals, methodological framework and areas of impact.  Key learnings from this project highlight the need for continued work to integrate research, teaching and action on global food security, environmental and public health challenges and to build connections to create healthy, sustainable school food systems.
Ritkábban előforduló, alsó légúti fertőzést okozó Gram-negatív nem fermentáló pálcák
Authors: Juhász Emese , Iván Miklós , Pongrácz Júlia , Kristóf Katalin
Published: January 2018

Abstract:

Introduction: Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria are ubiquitous environmental organisms. Most of them are identified as opportunistic, nosocomial pathogens in patients. Uncommon species are identified accurately, mainly due to the introduction of matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) in clinical microbiology practice. Most of these uncommon non-fermenting rods are isolated from lower respiratory tract samples. Their significance in lower respiratory tract infections, such as rules of their testing are not clarified yet. Aim: The aim of this study was to review the clinical microbiological features of these bacteria, especially their roles in lower respiratory tract infections and antibiotic treatment options. Method: Lower respiratory tract samples of 3589 patients collected in a four-year period (2013–2016) were analyzed retrospectively at Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary). Identification of bacteria was performed by MALDI-TOF MS, the antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion method. Results: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was revealed to be the second, whereas Acinetobacter baumannii the third most common non-fermenting rod in lower respiratory tract samples, behind the most common Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total number of uncommon non-fermenting Gram-negative isolates was 742. Twenty-three percent of isolates were Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Beside Chryseobacterium, Rhizobium, Delftia, Elizabethkingia, Ralstonia and Ochrobactrum species, and few other uncommon species were identified among our isolates. The accurate identification of this species is obligatory, while most of them show intrinsic resistance to aminoglycosides. Resistance to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and carbapenems was frequently observed also. Conclusions: Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were found to be the most effective antibiotic agents. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(1): 23–30.
Dynamic analysis of two-link flexible manipulator considering the link length ratio and the payload
Authors: Bien Duong Xuan , My Chu Anh , Khoi Phan Bui
Published: December 2017

Dynamic modeling and analysis of flexible manipulators play an essential role in optimizing mechanical design parameters and control law of real robot systems. In this paper, a nonlinear dynamic model of a manipulator is formulated based on the Finite Element Method. To analyze the dynamic behavior effectively, a numerical simulation scheme is proposed by taking full advantages of MATLAB and SIMULINK toolboxes. In this manner, the effect of varying payload and link length ratio of the manipulator to its elastic displacement is dynamically taken into account. The simulation results show that the payload and length link ratio have significant influences on the elastic displacements of the system. In particular, a proper spectrum of the link length ratio, in which the flexural displacement of the end point of the manipulator is smallest, is demonstrated. To this end, the proposed methodology could be used further to select optimal geometric parameters for the links of new robot designs.
Cognitive Systems: Toward Human‐Level Functionality
Authors: Nirenburg Sergei
Published: December 2017

The term cognitive systems may mean different things to different people. This article argues that the core desiderata of an artificial intelligent system are properties that make it more humanlike in its abilities to understand, learn, and explain.
Oeconomy and Ecology in Early Modern England
Authors: Remien Peter
Published: December 2017

The conceptual foundations of ecology were laid in the seventeenth century by the natural philosopher Kenelm Digby, when he developed the idea of “the oeconomy of nature.” Digby transformed the practical agrarian discourse of “natural oeconomy” (household management), which links human beings to their environments, into the natural-philosophical concept of the oeconomy of nature. Using the oeconomic values of thrift, regularity, and efficient dispensation to conceptualize natural processes, Digby projected a human institution, with all its ideological baggage, onto the natural world. But, for Digby, closely observing nonhuman creatures in the framework of oeconomy opened up the more radical possibility of a decentered system, in which each creature is a potential householder, each the center of its own oeconomy of nature.
Rhythms, Networks: Caroline Levine Meets Susan Howe and Marina Tsvetaeva
Authors: Sandler Stephanie
Published: December 2017

whoosh, hum. Imagine that sound, like an air vent cycling on. It circulates fresh air, the fresh air of poems that breathe into our lungs, whether we are standing in the Titian Room at the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum or reading the poems on a porch, looking out on a summer day. You will not find a description of that sound in the pages of Susan Howe's book Debths, only the phrase “Titian Air Vent.” Its rush of phonemes energizes the whole. he verbal rhythms and the visual patterns respond to its acoustic energy, pulsating across the different parts of the book, creating not so much a hierarchy of theories or subtexts as an interlocking and interwoven set of patterns that spread out on every page—in irregular or fragmentary form, in neat prose paragraphs, and in blocks of verse. In Debths, where so much depends on sound orchestration, verbal transformations, and visual arrangements, the networks connecting sight and sound are always being tightened, loosened, playfully intensified. Whole, rhythm, hierarchy, network. These are Caroline Levine's terms, here embedded in my account of Debths. What might a book like Howe's, drawing on many aesthetic modes but built on the foundation of poetry, ask of Levine's Forms, a remarkable theoretical intervention whose many examples are nearly all narrative?
Graphene: civil engineering applications start to come to fruition
Authors: Pollard Andrew
Published: January 2018

Graphene has unrivalled mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical properties. Commercial applications are starting to filter into civil engineering, supported by international standards being developed by the UK’s National Physical Laboratory. Andrew Pollard reports.
A model for one-dimensional deposition and consolidation of shrinking mine fills
Authors: Lu G.
Published: January 2018

The consolidation of a cemented mine fill is controlled by the rate of backfilling in regard to its permeability as well as the companion chemical shrinkage due to hydration reaction. A unified equation is derived in the study to delineate the one-dimensional (1D) deposition and consolidation of shrinking mine fills based on a generic description of the entangled chemo–hygro–mechanical processes. The proposed equation has taken into account the compressibility of each phase and the refinement of pore space due to phase exchange of water during hydration, which are lacking in other 1D formulations. The resulting equation would thus allow for more rational and convenient analyses of mine-fill consolidation during accretion and after deposition with a unified model. The improvement is practically at the mere expense of introducing only one additional parameter (the stiffness of solid grains) compared with existing benchmark equations. Parametric analyses performed with the proposed equation have revealed the limitations of the original Gibson and other 1D solutions in realistic assessment of mine-fill consolidation due to the lack of considerations for internal couplings. The proposed equation could also provide more reliable benchmark solutions for verification of complex numerical tools that incorporate coupled modelling of mine-fill behaviours.
Shear strength of interior beam–column joints with lightweight aggregate concrete
Authors: Wu Tao , Wei Hui , Liu Xi
Published: January 2018

Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) elements can effectively reduce dead load and improve the seismic resistance capacity of building structures. However, the shear performance of LWAC remains questionable due to its specific brittle failure mechanism. In this work, four one-third-scale LWAC interior beam–column joints were prepared and tested under reversed quasi-static cyclic loading. Two levels of axial compressive forces and joint transverse reinforcement ratios were considered for each specimen to quantify and analyse the shear performance of LWAC joints. The test results indicate that all LWAC specimens experienced shear failure at the joint core and presented satisfactory shear resistance capacity in terms of shear strength, displacement ductility, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation compared to normal-weight concrete (NWC) specimens. The test results were used to examine the applicability and accuracy of six shear design models based on the behaviour of NWC elements for LWAC beam–column joints. A comparison of the results indicated that there is no apparent difference between the ultimate shear strengths of LWAC and NWC specimens, and all six previously proposed shear equations examined can accurately predict the ultimate shear strength of LWAC interior beam–column joints.