bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPRESSION OF MARKERS OF BONE TISSUE REMODELING IN BREAST CANCER AND PROSTATE CANCER CELLS IN VITRO
Authors: Lukianova N. , Zadvornyi T. , Kashuba E. , Borikun T. , Mushii О. , Chekhun V.
Published: May 2022

The aim of the study was to compare the expression of markers of bone remodeling in vitro in breast cancer (BCa) cells and prostate cancer (PCa) cells varying in their malignancy phenotype. Materials and Methods: The study was performed on human BCa cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 lines) and PCa cells (LNCaP and DU-145 lines). Expression levels of bone tissue remodeling proteins (osteopontin (OPN), osteonectin (ON) and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) were determined immunocytochemically. The mRNA levels of bone tissue remodeling proteins OPN (SPP1), ON (SPARC), BMP-7 (BMP7)) and miRNA-10b, -27a, -29b, -145, -146a were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To search for miRNAs involved in the regulation of target genes, miRNet v. 2.0 resource was used. Results: We have shown that highly malignant MDA-MB-231 cells are characterized by significantly higher expression of OPN and ON on the background of decreased SPARC and BMP7 mRNA expression. In highly malignant DU-145 cells, ON and SPP1, SPARC, and BMP7 mRNA expression was significantly higher compared with low malignant LNCaP cells. MDA-MB-231 line was characterized by significantly higher expression of miRNA-10b, -27a, -29b, -145 and -146a. In DU-145 cells, significantly lower levels of expression of miRNAs-27a and -145 against the background of increasing levels of miRNAs-29b and -146a were recorded. Conclusion: High malignancy phenotype of the BCa and PCa cells is characterized by high levels of expression of bone remodeling proteins, which may be caused by impaired regulation of their expression at the epigenetic level.
THERAPEUTIC TARGETING OF MOLECULAR PATHWAYS IN COLORECTAL CANCER
Authors: Ebru Nur A.
Published: May 2022

Mutations in tumor suppressor genes, cell signaling, and genes associated with DNA repair lead to onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). Even though most CRC patients get clinical benefits from conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, treatment success is still not at the desired level despite recent advances in CRC treatments. Therefore, further elucidation of the molecular signaling pathways involved in CRC progression will allow developing targeted therapies. With the detection of signaling pathways that lead to cancer progression and development of the successful treatment methods targeting these pathways, the progression of the disease can be prevented. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic roles of potential molecular targets in recent preclinical and clinical studies in CRC treatment.
Relationship between Government Financial Grants, Internal Revenue and Maternal Mortality Rate in South Africa
Authors: Muila Seshoka L. , Ngwakwe Collins C.
Published: May 2022

Funding of public hospitals and access to quality health care is a universal problem especially in developing countries. This paper aims to examine the relationship between government financial grants, internal revenue and maternal mortality rate. Previous literature has suggested that to achieve better health outcomes, multiple factors including but not limited to finance must be taken into consideration. Secondary data from audited annual health reports (2014/15 – 2018/19) of the nine South African Provinces was analyzed with the employment of the panel data regression technique.  Internal Government Revenue was statistically significant at a 5% level of significance (p < 0.05) and Government Financial Grant was not statistically significant (p >0.05).  Maternal mortality rate is therefore dependent on internal revenue and not on government financial grants. The findings change the ancient saying that maternal health outcomes shall improve when the government pumps more finances into the health system. Instead, the study reveals that internal revenue generation has an impact on the maternal mortality rate thus bringing in another approach in the fight against maternal mortality. The study adds value to the public health administration in that it brings a different perspective on the fight against maternal mortality in South Africa.
Обґрунтування концептуальних положень інформаційної безпеки України
Authors: Дзюба Т. М.
Published: May 2022

В умовах інформаційної війни, яка є невід’ємною складовою російської гібридної агресії проти України, забезпечення інформаційної безпеки держави є одним з найважливіших завдань. Вирішення цього завдання пов’язане з необхідністю інтегрування різнорідних поглядів та підходів у єдиній концепції, яка б комплексно описувала всі напрями забезпечення інформаційної безпеки, встановлювала взаємозв’язки між об’єктами та суб’єктами інформаційної безпеки та визначала відповідні механізми запобігання/нейтралізації загроз інформаційній безпеці. За умови розроблення такої концепції стає можливим систематизація всієї діяльності й розроблення відповідного нормативно-правового забезпечення в зазначеній сфері.
Метою статті є обґрунтування концептуальних положень інформаційної безпеки України, сукупність яких могла би стати основою концепції інформаційної безпеки та всіх пов’язаних з нею нормативно-правових актів.
Подальші дослідження, основою яких є дана стаття, можуть спрямовуватися на конкретизацію суб’єктно-об’єктної взаємодії за типовими загрозами інформаційній безпеці, розроблення деталізованої концептуальної моделі інформаційної безпеки України, а також реальних практичних механізмів запобігання/нейтралізації загроз інформаційній безпеці.
Relationship between Critical Gap and Certain Geometrical Parameters in Roundabouts
Authors: Haitham Al Hasanat , Schuchmann Gábor
Published: May 2022

Gap-acceptance method is one of the classical methods used to analyze capacity of roundabouts. Critical gap has a privileged role in this approach. Different driver behavior and local rules of traffic has a key role in implementing it in the local standard for capacity calculation in each country. Therefore, a reliable method for estimation of critical gap at a certain location can be of great importance. This paper presents the first steps of an experimental investigation and analysis on whether it is possible to find correlation between video-based gap acceptance data and certain design parameters of roundabouts in Hungary. Ten single lane roundabouts of different size were recorded for hours in different locations in and around Budapest to assess gap acceptance data and relate it to certain design parameters like diameter, distance of neighboring entries, entry width, width of splitter island, number of entries over time, and entry angle – or any combination of those. Using only a linear approach, strong positive correlation was found between measured critical gap and distance between legs. There is correlation (not so strong however) between critical gap and (approach) entry width as well as splitter island width, and enough data were examined to say that there is no correlation between central island diameter and critical gap.
Uso del social media marketing y el engagement en universidades de Machala
Authors: Mendia-Valarezo Josselyn , Morales-Padilla Evelyn , Moscoso-Parra Ana
Published: May 2022

Las redes sociales se han convertido en el medio de comunicación más utilizado por las personas para interactuar entre sí, y si hablamos a nivel educativo es de más ayuda hoy en día para informar cualquier tipo de contenido por medio de estas plataformas. El presente estudio analiza el uso del social media marketing y el engagement y entre las universidades de la ciudad de Machala, en referencia a cuáles son las redes sociales utilizadas, que tipo de contenido suben en cada una de ellas, el nivel de interacciones que realizan los seguidores por medio de la aplicación de fórmulas y métricas que se utilizara logramos verificar si el engagement es correcto para cada red social. La investigación es descriptiva, con enfoque cualitativo aplicando el método de observación directa, las variables utilizadas son el social media marketing, el uso, herramientas, delimitación conceptual, tipo de contenido, cálculo de engagement. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran un bajo porcentaje en las Universidades de Machala en cuanto a Facebook, por el contrario de instagram la Universidad Técnica de Machala (UTMACH) necesita trabajar en la gestión de contenido al contrario donde la Universidad Metropolitana (UMET), demuestra que cuenta con un porcentaje óptimo de interacción con sus usuarios.
DEYİŞBİLİMSEL BAĞLAMDA DEDE KORKUT KİTABI GÜMBET NÜSHASI’NDA YER ALAN BİÇİMBİRİMSEL YİNELEMELER
Authors: KOTAN Hüsna
Published: May 2022

Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri, Oğuz Türklerinin 12-14. yüzyıllarda Anadolu’nun doğusundaki geleneksel yaşam tarzını anlatan ve kesin olarak bilinmemekle birlikte 15. yüzyılın ortalarından itibaren yazıya geçirildiği tahmin edilen Türk dili ve edebiyatının en güzel ve en kıymetli eserlerinden biridir. Her biri tek başına bağımsız ve tamam bir hikâye olan ve hepsi birden bir bütünlük teşkil eden hikâyelerde toplumun yaşayışı, âdetleri, gelenekleri ve mücadeleleri anlatılmaktadır. Oldukça güçlü bir anlatıma sahip olan Dede Korkut Hikâyeleri dil açsından ele alındığında Eski Anadolu Türkçesinin özelliklerini taşıdığı görülmektedir. Geleneksel sözlü anlatımın ürünü olması bakımından Oğuz Türkçesi yazı dilinin değil halkın konuşma diline ait birçok unsurun hikâyelere yansımaktadır. Ayrıca hikâyelerin Âzerbaycan ve Kuzey Anadolu bölgesinde meydana gelmiş olması sebebi ile bu bölgelerde yaşayan Âzeri ve Karapapak halkının ağız özellikleri de dikkat çekmektedir.

Nazım ve nesir şeklinde oluşan hikâyelerde mensur kısımlarda birbirini izleyen cümleler bir ahenk içerisinde sıralanmış ve genelde kullanılan seci unsurlarıyla akıcı bir bütünlük sağlanmıştır. Hikâyelerde Oğuzların yaşadıkları önemli olaylar, şahsiyetler çeşitli metafor ve benzetmelerle verilerek anlatıma renk katılmış, nazım kısmında yer alan kafiye ve rediflerle metinde ritim oluşturulmuştur. Karşılıklı konuşmaların ve seslenmelerin yer aldığı bu eserde deyimlere, atasözlerine ve kalıp cümlelere de sıkça yer verilmiştir. Bünyesinde Köktürkçeden günümüze kadar ulaşan sözvarlığı ögelerini barındıran hikâyelerde çok az sayıda Arapça ve Farsçaya ait sözcükler de bulunmaktadır.

Çalışmamızda Dede Korkut Hikâyelerinin dili ve üslubu; hikâyelerde üslubu güçlendirmek ve dinleyiciyi etkilemek amacıyla kullanılan sembol, benzetme, kişileştirme, eğretileme aktarma gibi söz sanatları; özdeyiş, atasözü, deyim gibi anlatım unsurları tespit edilip örneklerle dikkatlere sunulacaktır.
The Paupers, the Gallant Colonel and the Fourth Estate: Press Reporting of the Arrival of Barra Highlanders on the Scottish Mainland
Authors: Bruce Neil
Published: May 2022

Destitute islanders from Barra arrived on the Scottish mainland in late 1850 following successive failures of the island's annual potato crop. Their presence, behaviour and the actions of their erstwhile proprietor, Colonel John Gordon of Cluny garnered newspaper coverage and comment. During the previous five years, these same, predominantly Lowland papers reported on how proprietors, the state and the public reacted to the humanitarian crisis as it unfolded throughout the Highlands and Ireland. Centuries-old Lowland views as to why Highlanders were unable to sustain themselves resurfaced, often woven into journalistic commentary on the aforementioned responses.

This paper considers the state of the island purchased by Cluny, his investment in improvements and the resulting return he expected to accrue. Journalist and anti-proprietor campaigner Donald Ross attempted to hold Cluny to account for his behaviour towards his tenants when famine struck. Ross brought the islanders’ plight to the attention of readers of his columns, while also orchestrating events which achieved both positive and critical comments in the press. Finally, an assessment is offered of the relative importance of the story to newspaper editors, their readerships and Cluny’s own public legacy.
The Relationship Between Production Inputs, Factor Substitution, and Economic Growth
Authors: YILDIRIM Abdulmecit
Published: May 2022

Factors of production and elasticity of substitution play an essential role in economic growth accounting. Although production functions with constant elasticity of substitution between factors are more commonly utilized in growth accounting, studies based on production functions with variable elasticity of substitution are also conducted. Since production functions with variable elasticity of substitution provide more flexibility in parameters, they are more advantageous than other production functions. Besides, most studies focus on the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Studies on the sub-components of production factors are relatively few. In this study, capital stock is analyzed by dividing it into two subcomponents as public capital stock and private capital stock. The empirical results, in general, show that the elasticity of substitution between the public capital stock and the private capital stock is less than unity. In this context, public and private capital stock can be expressed as complementary inputs in the final production of goods and services. As a result, public expenditures on infrastructure can boost economic growth by raising the efficiency of private investments.
KIRMIZIBİBER VE SUMAK BAHARATLARINDA AFLATOKSİN TAYİNİ VE LABORATUVAR İÇİ METOT VALİDASYONU
Authors: UĞUR Yılmaz
Published: May 2022

Mevcut çalışmada kırmızıbiber ve sumak örneklerinde aflatoksin varlığı incelenmiş ve uygulanan metodun laboratuvar içi validasyonu gerçekleştirilmiştir. Baharat örnekleri Malatya ilinde baharat ticareti yapan firmalardan temin edilmiştir. Association of Official Analytical Chemists’nin (AOAC) 999.07 nolu metodu ile floresans dedektörlü ultra hızlı sıvı kromatografisi (UFLC-FD) sisteminde analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kırmızıbiber örneklerinde Aflatoksin B1 0.20 – 79.37 µg/kg ve toplam aflatoksin 0.22 – 93.05 µg/kg aralıklarında ölçülmüştür. Sumak örneklerinin üç tanesinde aflatoksin tespit edilmezken bir örnekte Aflatoksin B1 8.03 µg/kg ve toplam aflatoksin 8.68 µg/kg olarak ölçülmüştür. İncelenen baharat örneklerinin 15 tanesinin Türk Gıda Kodeksi Bulaşanlar Tebliğine göre yasal limitleri aşan düzeyde aflatoksin içerdiği tespit edilmiştir. Analitik çalışmalar sonucunda aflatoksin standardının UFLC-FD sisteminde lineer ölçüm aralığı 1.25- 2.5 µg/kg, aflatoksin B1, B2, G1 ve G2 için LOD değerleri sırasıyla 0.036, 0.030, 0.021 ve 0.024 µg/kg, LOQ değerleri ise 0.120, 0.100, 0.070, ve 0.080 µg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir.
Performa Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Sidat Kembang (Anguilla marmorata) Yang Dipuasakan Dengan Interval Waktu Berbeda
Authors: Astari Husni Dilla , Kurnia Agus , Idris Muhammad
Published: May 2022

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan sidat kembang (A.marmorata) yang dipuasakan dengan interval waktu berbeda. Empat jenis interval waktu pemuasaan ikan sidat kembang dalam penelitian ini yaitu Tanpa Pemuasaan (A), Pemuasaan 4 Hari (B), Pemuasaan 6 Hari (C) danPemuasaan 8 Hari (D). Sebanyak 48 ekor ikan sidat yang dimasukan kedalam 12 bak beton (4 ekor/wadah) yang berukuran 200 × 100 × 80 cm yang dipelihara selama 45 hari. Ikan uji diberi pakan keong mas sebanyak 2 kali sehari (08.00 dan 16.00 WITA) dengan dosis sebanyak 15% bobot biomassa ikan. Parameter yang diamati yaituPertumbuhan Mutlak (PM), Laju Pertumbuhan Spesifik (LPS) dan Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup (TKH). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa PM tertinggi didapatkan pada sidat kembang dengan perlakuan A sebesar 4,92 g, diikuti oleh perlakuan B dan C masing masing sebesar 4,67 g dan 3,42 g. Sedangkan LPS sidat kembang terendah didapatkan pada perlakuan D sebesar 2,58 g. LPS tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan A sebesar 0,30 % diikuti oleh perlakuan B, C dan D dengan nilai sebesar 0,28 %, 0,20% dan 0,15 %. TKH ikan sidat tertinggi didapatkan pada perlakuan A dan B yaitu sebesar 100%, diikuti oleh perlakuan C dan D dengan nilai sebesar 75 % dan 66 %. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa interval waktu pemuasaan selama 4 hari menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup optimum sidat kembang.Kata Kunci : Sidat kembang ; Pemuasaan ; Pertumbuhan ; Kelangsungan Hidup
DINAMIKA KUALITAS AIR DAN VARIASI JENIS PLANKTON DALAM PENKULTUR TERIPANG, Holothuria scabra (Jaeger 1883) SEBAGAI DAMPAK DARI PENGKAYAAN NUTRISI SUBSTRAT MENGGUNAKAN PUPUK ORGANIK KOMPOS
Authors: Sabilu Kadir , Subhan Subhan , Nurdin Abdul Rahman , Ruslaini Ruslaini , Harianto Eko
Published: May 2022

AbstrakUpaya intensifikasi budidaya teripang pasir melalui input pupuk organik kompos di substrat pen kultur selain berdampak baik bagi pengkayaan unsur hara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi teripang, di sisi lain diduga berdampak pada dinamika daya dukung beberapa parameter lingkungan perairan. Hadirnya unsur hara kompos dipastikan akan mengubah struktur unsur hara sedimen dan air di dalam penkultur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dinamika kualitas air dan variasi jenis plankton dalam penkultur teripang pasir, sebagai dampak penggunaan pupuk organik kompos untuk memperkaya nutrisi substrat. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 stasiun dengan karakteristik substrat penkultur berbeda, yaitu: pasir halus, pasir berlamun, dan pasir kasar. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa input pupuk kompos berdampak pada rendahnya konsentrasi parameter oksigen terlarut, pH sedimen dan ortofosfat, selanjutnya di fase akhir penelitian level konsentrasi ketiga parameter tersebut menjadi lebih tinggi. Sebaliknya, pada parameter ammonia, nitrit, nitrat dan BOD memperlihatkan pola dengan level konsetrasi yang lebih tinggi di fase awal input pupuk kompos selanjutnya konsentrasinya turun sampai akhir penelitian. Aktifitas fotosontesis dan peran lamun dalam menetralisir gerakan arus sekaligus mempertahankan stabilitas unsur hara, menyebabkan variasi jenis fitoplankton pada penkultur pasir berlamun memiliki nilai lebih rendah dan nilai kelimpahan yang lebih tinggi. Hasil analisis PCA memperlihatkan korelasi signifikan antara kelimpahan plankton dengan kadar BOD (R=0,923; P<0,05), phospat (R=0,704; P<0,05), serta nitrat dengan nilai R=0,623; P<0,05). Kata kunci: penkultur, pengkayaan nutrisi substrat, plankton, pupuk organik kompos, teripang pasir.
Tasavvuf Tarihinde Bazı Sûfî Önderlerin Siyaset Karşısındaki Tutumlarının Teopolitik Analizi
Authors: ALTUNKAYA Mustafa
Published: May 2022

İslâm’ın ilk yüzyılında sûf giymeyi teo-politik bir tutuma dönüştüren sahabe ve tabiîn, Resûl-i Ekrem’in irtihalinden hemen sonra baş gösteren riddet/ric’at (mürted/mürteci) hareketleri karşısında yer yer hak ihlâlleri ve saldırılara uğramışlardı. Ebûzer-i Ğifârî (ö. 652) Peygamber Devleti’nde israf ve yolsuzlukla mücadele ederken Rebeze’ye sürgün edilmiş, Ammar b. Yâsir (ö. 657) bâğî bir grup eliyle şehid edilmiş, Hucr b. Adiyy (ö. 761) ise, hutbede Hz. Ali’ye lanet edilmesine müsaade etmeyip çıkan arbedede şehid düşmüştü. İrtidat ve irtica’ saldırılarından zarar gören sahabe, tabiin ve diğer önderleri konu alan araştırmalar günümüzde oldukça azdır. Konunun önemi ve Medine zühd hareketi bağlamında ele alınması zaruretine istinaden yapılan bu araştırma, günümüze kadar olan dönemdeki bazı örnekler mütalaa edilerek zâhid/sûfî önderlerin siyaset karşısındaki şer’î siyasetini (teo-politiğini) ele almaktadır.
Kutuplaştırıp Ötekileşirmeye Karşı Kuşatıcılığın Bir Örneği Olarak Hacı Bektaş Veli
Authors: Kaplan Doğan
Published: May 2022

İnsanlık tarihine bakıldığı zaman siyasetin belki de doğası gereği çoğunlukla kutuplaştırma ve ötekileştirme üzerine kurulu olduğu görülecektir. Zira istenen siyasi hedefe ulaşmak için her zaman yenilmesi ve alt edilmesi gereken bir kişi, grup veya parti her zaman olacaktır. O bakımdan geçmişten günümüze siyasetçiler tartışma odağında yer alıyorken buna mukabil zahit ve sufiler ise genellikle tüm toplum kesimleri tarafından sevilen ortak değerler olarak kabul görmektedir. Bu bildirinin amacı “İncinsen de incitme!”, “Yetmiş iki milleti ayıplamamak hakikatin ikinci kapısıdır” gibi sözleriyle meşhur olan ve kucağındaki aslan ve ceylan figürüyle zıtları kendinde eriterek hoşgörü ve müsamahanın en üstün örneğini veren Hacı Bektaş Veli özelinde sufilerin kuşatıcı bir bakış açısına sahip olduklarını göstermektir.
İbn Haldun’a Göre Bilimsel Gelişme İçin Tenkid/Eleştirel Düşüncenin Önemi
Authors: DEMİRCİ Mustafa
Published: May 2022

İbn Haldun Mukaddime’nin altıncı bahsini İlimer ve öğretim konusuna ayırır ve ilimler bahsine konuya girerken uzun bir giriş yapar. Bu girişte önce İnsan-bilgi ilişkisini fıtri bir temele oturtur. İnsanın ütün canlılardan farklı olarak öğrenen, öğrendiğini aktaran ve düşünebilme kabiliyetine dikkat çeker. Hatta “İnsan daima düşünce (fikretme) halindedir. Bir göz kırpış¬tırma süresi kadar bile düşünmeyi terk etmez” der..Bilim dedğimiz meslek ise insanın bu özelliğinin neticesidir tespitini yapar. Ortaya koyduğu bilgiyi ise başkalarına ve sonraki nesillere aktarır ki bu da “ta’lim” dir. Daha sonra kendi yaşadığı dönemde “Mağrib’de (Fas, Cezayis, Endülüs), medeni hayatın bozulmasına v devletlerin zayıflamasına bağlı olarak ilim öğretiminin ortadan kalktığından şikayet eder. Özellikle Kayravan ve Kurtuba’da asırlardır devam eden ilmi hayatın, derinlerden gelen bedeviliğin nüksetmesi ile nasıl yok olduğunu anlatır. Mağribde çöken ilmi hayatı dirilmek için Doğuya İslam dünyasına giden talebelerin bu durumu diriltmeye yetmediğine şahit olur. XIV. asırda Mağrib’te yaşananları; öğretim metodlarını, ilmi zihniyeti, Doğu İslam dünyası ile mukayesesini, bilgi anlayışlarındaki farkı, etraflıca tahlil eder. Bu durumdan çıkış için ise İbn Haldun şunları söyler: “Bu melekeyi kazanmanın en kolay yolu, ilini meselelerdeki konuşma ve münazaralarla dili güçlendirmektir. Evet, insanı bu melekeyi elde etmeye yaklaştıracak ve hedefine ulaş¬masını sağlayacak en kolay yol budur…”. Bu bahsi bitirirken “tenkid metodu, zihnen durmuş ve donmuş toplumlarda, durgun kuyuya kova atma gibidir..” diyerek, eleştirel düşüncenin ne kadar hayati olduğuna dikkat çeker. Bu tebliğimizde amacımız, İbn Haldun’un bizzat yaşadığı ve acı tecrübelere dayalı ilmi ve fikri hayattaki çöküşten çıkış için “tenkid ve münazara metodunu” yani “eleştirel düşüncenin” ne kadar önemli olduğu ile ilgili fikirlerini anlamak ve ortaya koymaktır.
Total Talar Replacement With Custom-Made Vitallium Prosthesis for Talar Avascular Necrosis
Authors: Luo Wenbin , Zhang Hanyang , Han Qing , Li Zhaoyan , Zhong Zhuan , Jia Guoliang , Liu Yuxuan , Chang Fei , Wang Jincheng
Published: May 2022

Background: The current study investigated the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in the treatment of talar avascular necrosis (TAN). Custom-made Vitallium talar prostheses were designed and generated via 3D printing. We hypothesized that these talar prostheses would facilitate more stable positioning, better ergonomically fit the ankle joint surfaces, and promote favorable long-term prognoses.

Material and Methods: Computed tomography scans of both ankle joints were acquired from three patients diagnosed with TAN. The talar on the unaffected side was used as the design blueprint. Hence, with the aid of 3D printing technology a customized talar prosthesis made from a novel Vitallium alloy could be manufactured for each individual patient.

Results: In all three cases there were no signs of prosthesis loosening or substantial degenerative change in the surrounding area of the joint, but small osteophytes were observed on the tibial side and navicular side. No chronic infection or other prosthesis-related complications were observed in any of the patients. All three were able to walk without pain at the most recent follow-up.

Conclusion: With the aid of 3D printing and a novel Vitallium alloy, total talar replacement achieved encouraging results in 3/3 patients. All patients were satisfied with their joint function, and were able to return to their daily activities without limitations. Although more cases and longer-term follow-up periods are required, the success rate reported herein is encouraging.
Associations Between Disordered Microbial Metabolites and Changes of Neurotransmitters in Depressed Mice
Authors: Xie Jing , Wang Ying , Zhong Qi , Bai Shun-jie , Zhou Chan-juan , Tian Tian , Chen Jian-jun
Published: May 2022

Backgrounds

Many pieces of evidence demonstrated that there were close relationships between gut microbiota and depression. However, the specific molecular mechanisms were still unknown. Here, using targeted metabolomics, this study was conducted to explore the relationships between microbial metabolites in feces and neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex of depressed mice.

Methods

Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model of depression was built in this study. Targeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was used to detect the microbial metabolites in feces and neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex of mice. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were applied to identify the differential microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters and explore relationships between them.

Results

Ninety-eight differential microbial metabolites (mainly belonged to amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids) and 11 differential neurotransmitters (belonged to tryptophan pathway, GABAergic pathway, and catecholaminergic pathway) were identified. Five affected amino acid–related metabolic pathways were found in depressed mice. The 19 differential microbial metabolites and 10 differential neurotransmitters were found to be significantly correlated with depressive-like behaviors. The two differential neurotransmitters (tyrosine and glutamate) and differential microbial metabolites belonged to amino acids had greater contributions to the overall correlations between microbial metabolites and neurotransmitters. In addition, the significantly decreased L-tyrosine as microbial metabolites and tyrosine as neurotransmitter had the significantly positive correlation (r = 0.681, p = 0.0009).

Conclusions

These results indicated that CUMS-induced disturbances of microbial metabolites (especially amino acids) might affect the levels of neurotransmitters in prefrontal cortex and then caused the onset of depression. Our findings could broaden the understanding of how gut microbiota was involved in the onset of depression.
Coexistence in Times of Climate Crisis: A Participatory Mapping to Understanding Conservation Conflicts in the Central Andes of Chile
Authors: Vargas Solange P. , Hargreaves Matías , Del Valle Juan Pablo , Hodges Aline , Beltrami Esperanza , Toledo M. F. , Sapaj-Aguilera Guillermo
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Human-wildlife conflicts worldwide are arising, representing significant challenges for conservation biologists, decision-makers, and agropastoralist communities. Extreme climatic events, disease outbreaks, and land-use change could be intensifying these conflicts. The multi-species and mountainous landscapes seem prone to conflicts due to a lack of territory planning. These complex, dynamic, and multi-layered conflicts require a multidimensional approach. Currently, in Chile, mountainous landscapes have several threats, such as a lack of territory planning, mega-mining projects, and recently (last 10 years) the effects of the Mega-drought. Many transhumant agropastoralists have been forced to quit their livelihoods while increasing livestock-wildlife conflicts. We aim to build territorial planning within a holistic approach to strengthening the agropastoralists' competence to coexist with local wildlife (puma, condor, and guanaco) in Central Chile's Andes mountains.

Methodology

We conducted participatory mapping workshops with two agropastoralist communities in 2020. They were randomly divided into 4 to 7 people groups and told to draw a map representing their territory, including four elements: (1) natural and human components of the landscape, (2) natural wildlife conflict areas, (3) active grazing areas, and (4) their ideal future scenario, regarding their activity.

Findings

Results showed different spatial perceptions of the natural and human components of the territory. All agropastoralists (100%) indicated similar wildlife conflict areas: focusing in the Summerlands. All agreed that Mega-drought was the primary threat to their production, increasing the conflict with wildlife. Summerland areas are identified as suitable areas for working in conflict with wildlife.

Research Limitations/Implications

This study highlights the need for a multidimensional approach to conflict and territory planning to address conservation conflicts. The study's implications show that agropastoralists decided to reduce Summerland use and improve Winterland planning to increase livestock productivity and reduce conflict with wildlife. Participatory mapping could help to prioritize areas to mitigate conflicts with wildlife.

Originality/Value

This study is the first in the Aconcagua valley to conduct a transdisciplinary & participatory approach toward coexistence between transhumant agropastoralists and wildlife. It also provides a baseline for similar schemes in semi-arid and mountainous landscapes worldwide facing rapid climate shifts and increasing human-wildlife conflict.
Investigation Into the Risk Factors Related to In-stent Restenosis in Elderly Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Within 2 Years After the First Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Yi Ming , Tang Wen-hui , Xu Shuai , Ke Xiao , Liu Qiang
Published: May 2022

Background

The present study aims to explore risk factors related to in-stent restenosis (ISR) in elderly patients with coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes within 2 years after the first drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation.

Methods

This case-control study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular Hospital between January 2010 and March 2020. Univariate and multivariate models were used to assess independent factors for DES-ISR. Categorical principal component analysis of clinical variables was performed to determine important components for DES-ISR. Nomogram was constructed to quantitatively predict the probability of DES-ISR development. The diagnostic potential of clinical variables was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results

In the derivation cohort, 1,741 cases were included in this study, and a total of 227 pairs of cases and controls were generated by propensity score matching. In the validation cohort, 102 cases were included with 19 cases (18.6%) with DES-ISR. Glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, fasting blood glucose ≥6.5 mmol/L, multivessel coronary artery disease, coronary artery diffuse disease, PCI operation time (≥60 min), emergency PCI were associated with ISR. High Nomogram score was associated with the increased risk of ISR. Further analysis of the validation cohort showed that higher levels of HbA1c-coefficient of variation (CV) were significantly associated with the increased risk of ISR. HbA1c-CV exhibited good predictive ability for ISR in the validation cohort.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the fasting blood glucose level during the perioperative period of emergency PCI and the long-term variation of HbA1c during the follow-up period are related to the incidence of DES-ISR and the degree of stenosis. Reducing blood glucose fluctuations may decrease the risk of DES-ISR.
Biomarkers in Cardiorenal Syndrome and Potential Insights Into Novel Therapeutics
Authors: Chung Edmund Y. M. , Trinh Katie , Li Jennifer , Hahn Sebastian Hayden , Endre Zoltan H. , Rogers Natasha M. , Alexander Stephen I.
Published: May 2022

Heart and kidney failure often co-exist and confer high morbidity and mortality. The complex bi-directional nature of heart and kidney dysfunction is referred to as cardiorenal syndrome, and can be induced by acute or chronic dysfunction of either organ or secondary to systemic diseases. The five clinical subtypes of cardiorenal syndrome are categorized by the perceived primary precipitant of organ injury but lack precision. Traditional biomarkers such as serum creatinine are also limited in their ability to provide an early and accurate diagnosis of cardiorenal syndrome. Novel biomarkers have the potential to assist in the diagnosis of cardiorenal syndrome and guide treatment by evaluating the relative roles of implicated pathophysiological pathways such as hemodynamic dysfunction, neurohormonal activation, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress, and fibrosis. In this review, we assess the utility of biomarkers that correlate with kidney and cardiac (dys)function, inflammation/oxidative stress, fibrosis, and cell cycle arrest, as well as emerging novel biomarkers (thrombospondin-1/CD47, glycocalyx and interleukin-1β) that may provide prediction and prognostication of cardiorenal syndrome, and guide potential development of targeted therapeutics.
Bulk Density Response and Experimental Study of Pulsed Neutron-Gamma Density Logging
Authors: Wang Hu , Yue Aizhong , Zhang Xiaolei , Tang Jizhou , He Xuxin , Luo Xiang , Han Bo
Published: May 2022

The pulsed neutron-gamma density logging technique is used to measure the bulk density of formations based on the detection of gamma rays from the inelastic scattering of neutrons in the formations. However, the induced gamma ray source is regarded as a function of neutron transport and cannot be considered a “point” source. Due to the high energy level of gamma rays, the attenuation of inelastic gamma rays is affected by Compton scattering and pair production. Therefore, bulk density can be measured using inelastic gamma rays while considering the effects of neutron transport and pair production. In this article, a novel density measurement method that uses a completely different response model is proposed to improve the accuracy of density measurement. The process of neutron-gamma density measurement is divided into the neutron transport group and the gamma ray transport group in accordance with the neutron-gamma coupled field theory. A novel density estimation algorithm is derived from the diffusion equation and the gamma ray attenuation law. The accuracy and specification of density measurement are investigated through the Monte Carlo simulation and the calibration of test pits. Theoretical and experimental analyses show that the neutron transport and gamma ray transport are not entirely independent of each other in the pulsed neutron-gamma density measurement. The newly developed model can effectively enable the inelastic gamma rays to conform to the gamma ray attenuation law and keep the measurement accuracy at ±0.025 g/cm3. Moreover, neutron-gamma density is insensitive to the porosity and lithology of the formation. The proposed novel algorithm successfully establishes the calculation model for the relationship between inelastic gamma rays and bulk density, providing a new perspective for density measurement in pulsed neutron-gamma density logging.
Dynamic Assessment of Self-Regulation and Planning Behavior
Authors: Tzuriel David , Hanuka-Levy Dikla , Kashy-Rosenbaum Gaby
Published: May 2022

Dynamic assessment (DA) of self-regulation and planning behavior are neglected area of research. The objective of this study is to present a novel DA method of executive functions using the Seria-Think Instrument-Revised (STI-R). The reliability and validity the STI-R was examined with children in grades 3–6. Children were randomly assigned to an experimental (n = 85) and control (n = 85) groups and administered the STI-R and the Seriation Math Problems Test before and after the STI-R teaching phase. In the teaching phase children in the experimental group were taught problem-solving strategies while children in the control group received a substitute intervention. The STI-R yields four scores: performance, number of insertions (NINS, indicating impulsivity), number of measurements (NMES, indicating planning), and efficiency index (EFFIN). Children in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in NINS and an increase in performance, NMES, and EFFIN from pre- to post-teaching. In the transfer phase they showed higher performance and EFFIN and lower NINS than children in the control group. The findings indicate that NINS is negatively correlated with NMES and that the correlation between the pre- and post-teaching phases in all variables were lower in the experimental than in the control group. The typology of Reflective, Impulsive, Effective, and Non-effective children was also confirmed. Regression analysis showed that NINS significantly predicted math problem-solving score before and after teaching. The findings support the reliability and validity of the STI-R and that cognitive modifiability of executive functions is a promising domain of DA complementing DA of performance scores.
Correlation Analysis of Genotypes and Phenotypes in Chinese Male Pediatric Patients With Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism
Authors: Wang Yi , Qin Miao , Fan Lijun , Gong Chunxiu
Published: May 2022

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) can be divided into Kallmann syndrome (KS) and normosmic HH (nHH). The clinical and genetic characteristics of CHH have been studied in adults, but less in pre-adults. The medical records of patients with CHH in our gonad disease database from 2008 to 2020 were evaluated. In total, 125 patients aged 0 to 18 years were enrolled in our study. KS patients had a higher incidence of micropenis compared with nHH (86.2% vs. 65.8%, p=0.009), and 7 patients (5.6%) had hypospadias. Among the 39 patients with traceable family history, delayed puberty, KS/nHH, and olfactory abnormalities accounted for 56.4%, 17.9%, and 15.4%, respectively. In total, 65 patients completed the hCG prolongation test after undergoing the standard hCG test, and the testosterone levels of 24 patients (22.9%) were still lower than 100 ng/dL. In 77 patients, 25 CHH-related genes were identified, including digenic and trigenic mutations in 23 and 3 patients, respectively. The proportion of oligogenic mutations was significantly higher than that in our previous study (27.7% vs. 9.8%). The most common pathogenic genes were FGFR1, PROKR2, CHD7 and ANOS1. The incidence rate of the genes named above was 21.3%, 18.1%, 12.8% and 11.7%, respectively; all were higher than those in adults (<10%). Most mutations in CHH probands were private, except for W178S in PROKR2, V560I in ANOS1, H63D in HS6ST1, and P191L and S671L in IL17RD. By analyzing family history and genes, we found that both PROKR2 and KISS1R may also be shared between constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) and CHH. L173R of PROKR2 accounts for 40% of the CHH population in Europe and the United States; W178S of PROKR2 accounts for 58.8% of Chinese CHH patients. Micropenis and cryptorchidism are important cues for CHH in children. They are more common in pediatric patients than in adult patients. It is not rare of Leydig cell dysfunction (dual CHH), neither of oligogenic mutations diagnosed CHH in children. Both PROKR2 and KISS1R maybe the potential shared pathogenic genes of CDGP and CHH, and W178S in PROKR2 may be a founder mutation in Chinese CHH patients.
Association of Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Levels With Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents Aged 12–19 Years
Authors: Xu Ke , Fu Yicheng , Cao Buzi , Zhao Mingyi
Published: May 2022

Background

Sex hormones are recognized to play a significant role in increasing bone mineral density (BMD) and promoting bone maturation during adolescence. The purpose of our study was to use a database with large population data to evaluate the association of BMD with sex hormones (including testosterone and estradiol) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in adolescent boys and girls aged 12–19 years.

Methods

The data for our study were taken from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016, and we used weighted multiple linear regression models to assess the relationship between testosterone, estradiol, and SHBG and total BMD. We use weighted generalized additive models and smooth curve fitting to discover underlying nonlinear relationships.

Results

A total of 1648 teenagers (853 boys, 795 girls) were selected for the final analysis. In boys, testosterone and estradiol levels were positively associated with total BMD, whereas SHBG levels were negatively associated with total BMD after adjusting for covariates [P < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI)]. In addition, there was a point between estradiol and total BMD, after which the positive correlation between estradiol and total BMD was relatively insignificant in boys. In girls, there was a positive association between estradiol and total BMD (P < 0.05; 95% CI), but there was no significant association between the testosterone (β 0.0004; 95% CI -0.0001 to 0.0008) or SHBG (β -0.0001; 95% CI -0.0002 to 0.0001) levels and total BMD. We also found an inverted U-shaped association between testosterone and total BMD with the inflection point at 25.4 ng/dL of testosterone.

Conclusions

We found differences in the association of sex hormones with total BMD in boys and girls. Based on our findings, an appropriate increase in serum testosterone levels may be beneficial for skeletal development in girls because of the inverted U-shaped relationship (with the inflection point at 25.4 ng/dL of testosterone), and a high testosterone level might be detrimental to BMD. Furthermore, keeping estradiol levels below a certain level in boys (24.3 pg/mL) may be considered.
Diamine-Appended Metal Oxide Framework Materials for Thermal-Swing Ad- and Desorption of Carbon Dioxide at Ambient Conditions
Authors: Maharjan Kamal K. , Jørgensen Philip B. , Rezaei Mohsen , Johnson Matthew S.
Published: May 2022

Carbon dioxide is a waste product of human metabolism that is unwanted in the indoor atmosphere. Here we test advanced materials that could be used to pump away carbon dioxide and thereby improve indoor air quality. Metal-organic framework (MOF) structures have a variety of properties that make them attractive for direct air capture (DAC) of CO2. In this study, Mg2 (dobpdc4- = 4,4-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3-dicarboxylate) and m-2-m-Mg2(dobpdc) were evaluated for their ability to adsorb and desorb CO2 at ambient atmospheric conditions via a thermal swing. The Mg2(dobpdc) sample did not show appreciable interaction with CO2 in contrast to the diamine-appended version. The molar occupancy of CO2 on the active sites of m-2-m-Mg2 (dobpdc) (m-2-m = N,N-dimethylethylenediamine) during adsorption and desorption was in the range of 5.6–11.8%. These experiments showed the rapid ad- and de-sorption of CO2 by the MOF. Relative humidity was seen to be an important variable and the performance of the tested structures decreased slightly after several cycles of use.
Rapid Water Quality Assessment as a Quick Response of Oil Spill Incident in Coastal Area of Karawang, Indonesia
Authors: Effendi Hefni , Mursalin Mursalin , Hariyadi Sigid
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of oil spills on seawater quality along the coastal waters of Karawang Regency. Several laboratories were involved in measuring water quality to get representativeness of the location of the exposed waters both spatially and temporally. The measurement of seawater quality was carried out in situ and in the laboratory. Seawater quality data were compared with quality standards and discussed descriptively. All key water quality parameters (total petroleum hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, phenol, MBAS, and oil and grease) were below the detection limit of equipment, and a number of metals generally met quality standards. Only shortly after the oil spill in the vicinity of the spill source, the Ni metal exceeded the quality standard. However, after some time, spatially and temporally Ni has met the quality standard. Parameters not related to oil spills such as total phosphate generally did not meet quality standards. This might be related to the high activity on land, such as waste from domestic, industry, and agricultural activities entering coastal waters. Based on intertemporal data, the effect of an oil spill on water quality was temporary. This shows that the handling of the impact of the oil spill has shown good results and the quality of seawater remained quite good. Oil spills that float on the ocean surface were picked up, and those that washed ashore were cleaned up and collected.
Influence of Real Earning Management on Subsequent Dividend Payout Decisions and Corporate Returns: A Case of Developing Economy
Authors: Ali Shahid , Jiang Junfeng , Murtaza Ghulam , Khan Muzammal
Published: May 2022

Real earning management (REM) enhances the control of managers on the financial reporting of firms. However, its influence on financial decisions in the coming years is not well documented, especially in developing countries. This study investigates the influence of three REM activities on subsequent years’ dividend payout decisions (DPDs) and annual corporate returns of firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). The study employed panel data from 2011 to 2020 of 120 large manufacturing firms to 1) measure the extent of REM activities and 2) investigate the impact on future financial decisions of dividends and reported returns. This study used multiple proxies of return for robustness. Consistent with empirical studies, the REM negatively impacts the following years’ returns. However, its effect on dividend payout policy is insignificant. This indicates that Pakistani firms are more concerned with a smooth dividend payout to investors than reporting coherent returns. The study provides significant evidence from a developing economy and has implications for investors, analysts, and policymakers.
Spatial Scaling Effects to Enhance the Prediction for the Temporal Changes of Soil Nitrogen Density From 2007 to 2017 in Different Climatic Basins
Authors: Ding Haoxi , Hu Wei , Zhu Hongfen , Bi Rutian
Published: May 2022

Soil nitrogen density (SND), which is influenced by environmental factors operating at different spatial scales and intensities, is critical for agricultural production and soil quality. Although the spatiotemporal distribution of top-layer SND has been well explored, the scale effects of environmental factors on the temporal changes of SND (SNDT) are poorly studied, which might promote the predictive accuracy of SNDT. Thus, SNDT during a certain period was calculated to explore the multiscale effects of environmental factors on it. In the study, three sampling transects under the basins of warm-temperate, mid-temperate, and warm-temperate zones were established with 200 km long and 1 km intervals to explore the spatial variation of SNDT, examine the multiscale effect of environmental factors on it, construct the predicting models based on its scale-specific relations with environmental factors, and validate the models in each basin or in other climate-zone basins. The results indicated that the increment of SND during a certain period was the greatest in the mid-temperate basin, and the variation of SNDT was ranked as cool-temperate > mid-temperate > warm-temperate basins. Under different soil types, the spatial characteristics of SNDT were different in different climate-zone basins, but the average SNDT under cropland was the greatest in each basin. Considering the influencing factors (climatic, topographic, and vegetation factors), they had controls on SNDT operating at different spatial scales. In regard to the prediction of SNDT, the method of partial least square regression (PLSR) combined with a multiscale analysis was found to be more preferable for dependent SNDT prediction than the traditional method of stepwise multiple linear regression but could not be validated for the independent validation data in other basins. Thus, the spatial multiscale relations of SNDT with environmental factors could provide more information for each basin, and the integration of the extra information decomposed by wavelet transform into the method of PLSR could enhance the SNDT prediction for dependent datasets. These findings are of great significance for future studies in the spatial modeling of SND temporal dynamics under the influence of environmental changes.