bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A liderança autêntica entre profissionais de enfermagem: conhecimento e Perfil
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Mondini Cleide Carolina da Silva Demoro , Trettene Armando dos Santos ,   Universidade de São Paulo, Fontes Cassiana Mendes Bertoncello ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Bachega Maria Irene ,   Universidade de São Paulo
Published: February 2024

Introdução: Com o crescente aumento das novas tecnologias e a competividade do mercado de trabalho, impactando nas organizações. O enfermeiro, como coordenador da equipe de enfermagem e lider, desempenha múltiplas atividades, como manutenção e desenvolvimento dos processos de trabalho e e cuidado, buscando a qualidade e segurança dos profissionais, clientes e a satisfação no atendimento. Estudos definem Liderança como uma competência administrativa e habilidade voltada ao desenvolvimento, visão de metas e intervenções institucionais. Embora a liderança seja conhecida por experiências e contextos pessoais, é possível desenvolvê-lo e melhorá-lo. Objetivo: identificar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem sobre modelos de liderança e avaliar o perfil de liderança autêntica entre eles. Metodologia: estudo analítico, realizado entre agosto e dezembro de 2015, com 84 profissionais de enfermagem atuantes em um hospital público e terciário. Utilizaram-se dois instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. Resultados: enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem desconheciam a liderança autêntica, apontaram a comunicação, o planejamento e a organização como competências do líder. A liderança autêntica, apresentou escore “alto” entre enfermeiros e “baixo” entre os técnicos. Exercer cargo de liderança e atualizar-se influenciou positivamente o maior perfil de liderança autêntica. Conclusão: Enfermeiros demonstraram conhecer a liderança comportamental, apresentaram escore alto de comportamentos de liderança autêntica e os técnicos de enfermagem mostraram conhecimento sobre a liderança situacional e escore baixo. Exercer cargo de liderança e atualizar-se influenciou positivamente o comportamento de liderança autêntica. Descritores: Liderança; Enfermagem; Técnicos de Enfermagem; Competência; Enfermagem ocupacional.
Matrícula on-line: o ingresso 100% on-line dos estudantes de graduação
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Silva Carolina Barboza , Moreto Josete Luci ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Paula Maria da Glória Chagas de ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Santos Gemerson Braz ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Furioso Marcelo Assis Kühl ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas
Published: February 2024

Introdução: Este projeto consiste no desenvolvimento, implantação e manutenção de um sistema informatizado de matrícula nos cursos de graduação. O projeto atende a uma demanda interna de informatização de processos e uma demanda externa dos estudantes. Objetivo: Desburocratizar e otimizar o processo de matrícula dos estudantes, aprimorar os processos de trabalho, gerenciar e garantir segurança nos resultados e reduzir tempo e custos envolvidos. Metodologia: Foi desenvolvido um sistema seguro que permite a realização da matrícula em curso de forma remota. O estudante realiza o login no sistema a partir de um dispositivo móvel, notebook ou computador, de forma simples e ágil. O sistema o identifica, verifica a validação da autodeclaração de etnia, quando for o caso, e informa os documentos obrigatórios de acordo com sua modalidade de ingresso, que apresenta 13 possibilidades. O estudante faz upload dos documentos, realiza sua matrícula e recebe os comprovantes por e-mail, de qualquer lugar onde estiver com acesso à internet. Resultados: Obtivemos 100% das matrículas realizadas de forma on-line, com maior agilidade, menor custo financeiro e de pessoal, e facilidade nos trâmites dos documentos de ingresso. Houve economia significativa de material de impressão e outros, horas de trabalho e deslocamento dos estudantes e famílias, tudo contribuindo para um planeta mais sustentável. Conclusão: A implantação do processo de matrícula on-line foi uma ação muito bem sucedida e aproximou a instituição da realidade social contemporânea. Gerou economia para a instituição e para o planeta e facilitou bastante o procedimento, tornando-o mais acessível.
Sistema Ágata 3.0: atualização da ferramenta de gestão das atividades de pesquisa utilizada nos departamentos do IFSC/USP
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Lisboa Flavia Oliveira Santos de Sá , Joioso Aparecido Luciano Breviglieri ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista
Published: February 2024

Introdução: Com o uso consolidado do SISTEMA ÁGATA para a gestão das atividades nos grupos, novas versões ao longo dos anos foram implementadas a fim de se adequar às mudanças de gestão ocorridas no âmbito da USP, principalmente pela ampla disseminação de sistemas computacionais de gestão e tramitação digital da informação. Objetivo: Implementação de nova versão do SISTEMA ÁGATA, sistema de gestão de atividades de pesquisa utilizado pelos departamentos do IFSC desde 2004 na versão 1.0 (com atualização para versão 2.0 em 2010). Metodologia: Reuniões de trabalho das secretarias dos grupos de pesquisa envolvidas na alimentação do sistema com os analistas da ScInfor, responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento do sistema. Levantar os requisitos para atualizar o sistema, identificando questões que podiam ser melhoradas pelos apontamentos feitos pelas secretarias que usam o sistema diariamente. Resultados: Sintetização e aprimoramento dos módulos do sistema, excluindo módulos e campos de preenchimento de dados em excesso que já haviam se tornado obsoletos nas versões anteriores. A interface do sistema foi aprimorada para melhor interação do usuário com o sistema. Conclusão: O SISTEMA ÁGATA vem cumprindo seu propósito original de abrigar os dados referentes às atividades de pesquisa desenvolvidas nos departamentos do IFSC pelo seu corpo docente. A atualização do sistema para a nova versão 3.0 permite uma maior clareza e precisão no armazenamento dos dados para a geração de relatórios de forma mais adequada e otimizada na elaboração do relatório de atividades anual dos departamentos.
HIV Productively Infects Highly Differentiated and Exhausted CD4+ T Cells During AIDS
Authors: Faua Clayton , Ursenbach Axel , Fuchs Anne , Caspar Stéphanie , Jegou Frédéric , Ruch Yvon , Hoellinger Baptiste , Laugel Elodie , Velay Aurélie , Rey David , Fafi-Kremer Samira , Gantner Pierre
Published: February 2024

Background: Throughout HIV infection, productively infected cells generate billions of viral particles and are thus responsible for body-wide HIV dissemination, but their phenotype during AIDS is unknown. As AIDS is associated with immunological changes, analyzing the phenotype of productively infected cells can help understand HIV production during this terminal stage.
Methods: Blood samples from 15 untreated viremic participants (recent infection, n=5; long-term infection, n=5; active opportunistic AIDS-defining disease, n=5) and 5 participants virologically controlled on antiretroviral therapy (ART) enrolled in the Analysis of the Persistence, Reservoir and HIV Latency (APRIL) study (NCT05752318) were analyzed. Cells expressing the capsid protein p24 (p24+ cells) after 18 hours of resting or 24 hours of stimulation (HIV-Flow) revealed productively infected cells from viremic participants or translation-competent reservoir cells from treated participants, respectively.
Results: The frequency of productively infected cells tended to be higher during AIDS in comparison with recent and long-term infections (median, 340, 72, and 32/million CD4+ T cells, respectively) and correlated with the plasma viral load at all stages of infection. Altogether, these cells were more frequently CD4low, HLA-ABClow, CD45RA-, Ki67+, PD-1+, with a non-negligible contribution from pTfh (CXCR5+PD-1+) cells, and were not significantly enriched in HIV coreceptors CCR5 nor CXCR4 expression. The comparison markers expression between stages showed that productively infected cells during AIDS were enriched in memory and exhausted cells. In contrast, the frequencies of infected pTfh were lower during AIDS compared to non-AIDS stages. A UMAP analysis revealed that total CD4+ T cells were grouped in 7 clusters and that productive p24+ cells were skewed to given clusters throughout the course of infection. Overall, the preferential targets of HIV during the latest stages seemed to be more frequently highly differentiated (memory, TTD-like) and exhausted cells and less frequently pTfh-like cells. In contrast, translation-competent reservoir cells were less frequent (5/million CD4+ T cells) and expressed more frequently HLA-ABC and less frequently PD-1.
Conclusions: In long-term infection and AIDS, productively infected cells were differentiated and exhausted. This could indicate that cells with these given features are responsible for HIV production and dissemination in an immune dysfunction environment occurring during the last stages of infection.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis for the content of benzoic, salicylic, sorbic and glycyrrhizic acids in an aqueous extract of alfalfa
Authors: Krjachko A. N.
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the assessment of the content of benzoic, salicylic, sorbic and glycyrrhizic acids in the aqueous-alcoholic extract of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and in its condensed extract (BAA «Erakond»), belonging to the class of preservatives of natural origin. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a Waters Breeze chromatograph (Waters, USA). The content of acids endowed with antiseptic and fungicidal properties in the air-dry raw material of alfalfa was, mg/g: benzoic – 3.2 ± 0.3; salicylic – 1.8 ± 0.2; sorbic – 0.15 ± 0.11; glycyrrhizin – 2.0 ± 0.3. The technology of hydrobaric extraction, used in the industrial production of the dietary supplement «Erakond» from alfalfa, ensured the concentration of the analyzed acids in the finished product: the content of benzoic acid in the dietary supplement «Erakond» was 26.0 ± 3.0 mg/g, salicylic acid – 2.9 ± 0.3 mg/g, sorbic – 0.22 ± 0.03 mg/g, glycyrrhizin – 5.2 ± 0.6 mg/g. The mechanisms of implementation of the antioxidant properties of polyphenolic compounds of alfalfa, which exhibit a synergistic preservative effect together with identified organic acids, are disclosed. Relatively high concentration of polyphenolic compounds in Erakond dietary supplement (naringenin – 0.05 ± 0.0006; rutin – 8 ± 3; licuraside – 3.5 ± 0.4; quercetin – 0.04 ± 0.001; fisetin – 0.35 ± 0.01; naringin – 0.5 ± 0.0006; dihydroquercetin – 0.20 ± 0.002) provides high stability of Eracond-containing food products during long-term storage with preservation of nutritional, taste and biological properties. The combined antiseptic and antioxidant action in vitro of organic acids, polyphenolic compounds, essential oils, coumarins and plant saponins ensures the effectiveness of the use of natural preservatives in food industry technologies.
Innovative prospects for the creation of biologically active complexes based on a polysaccharide matrix
Authors: Shelepov V. G. , Byambaa Badarch , Chelnakova N. G. , Pozniakovsky V. M.
Published: February 2024

The possibility of combining complexly soluble arabinogalactan polysaccharides with chitosan polysaccharides to increase the absorption of biologically active substances and compounds characterized by low bioavailability is being considered. Included in the biologically active biopolymer matrix are chitosan succinate, succinic anhydrite, arabinogalactan and dihydroquercetin, respectively, in quantities, wt. %: 3–5.0; 2.0–4.0; 15.0–20.0 and 3.5 can serve as a targeted carrier for the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents, including enzymes, nucleic acids, vitamins, hormones, etc. to certain cells, in particular, hepatocytes (liver parenchyma cells). The high membranotropic properties of arabinogalactan isolated from larch have been established, which allows its use to increase the absorption in the gastrointestinal tract of other functionally active ingredients with low bioavailability. The mechanism of this action is associated with the formation of a binding complex between arabinogalactan and the delivered agent, which has the ability to interact with the asialoglycoprotein cell receptor. Studies have been carried out on the possibility of combining arabinogalactan polysaccharides with chitosan polysaccharides to obtain a biopolymer matrix, which includes chitosan succinate, succinic anhydride and arabinogalactan containing dihydroquercetin not covalently bound to it. Along with the above properties, the effectiveness of using arabinogalactan is shown using the example of its use to improve the technological and functional characteristics of broiler chicken meat with PSE traits. The addition of arabinogalactan to the recipe composition of minced meat during the production of sausages, in an amount of 0.5% of the main raw material, increased the moisture-binding capacity by 5% while reducing losses during heat treatment by 6%. There was an improvement in peroxide and acid numbers during storage, which ensures inhibition of oxidative processes and prevents spoilage of finished products.
Expanding the range of flour confectionery products for specialized nutrition
Authors: Tefikova S. N. , Velina D. A. , Orlovtseva O. A. , Klokonos M. V. , Manukovskaya M. V. , Malamud D B , Nikitin I. A.
Published: February 2024

Currently, the range of flour confectionery products for nursing women is not large, although this group of the population needs specialized food products. The aim of the work is to develop a functional sugar cookie using non-traditional types of flour for feeding nursing women. The object of study was a traditional sugar cookie. It was decided to improve the biological and nutritional value by adding non-traditional flour varieties to the recipe. Pumpkin seed flour and soy flour are rich in essential amino acids and minerals. Experimental samples were baked with different dosages of pumpkin and soy flour in the composition. By the method of organoleptic tasting, a sample with a ratio of wheat, soy and pumpkin flour, respectively, 70:20:10, was selected for further research. To improve the flavor characteristics of the product, it was decided to add a liquid extract of roasted chicory. When using 100 g of sugar cookies, the daily energy needs are covered by 15%. The needs for carbohydrates are covered by 10%, in fats by 25%, and in proteins by 12%. Cookies contain a large amount of vitamin E 22% and vitamin K 25% of the daily value. Trace elements are also contained in sufficient quantities: 34% copper, 29% manganese, 20% magnesium, 19% phosphorus. The coefficient of biological value of proteins is higher than that of traditional sugar cookies. The biological efficiency of lipids is quite high. The indicators for PUFA are high, however, the score for NLC and oleic acid is close to the "ideal lipid".
Analysis of consumer preferences and readiness of consumers in the Astrakhan region to purchase biodegradable packaging materials and packaging
Authors: Oldyrev D. V. , Yartseva N. V. , Sergazieva O. D. , Bakhareva A. A.
Published: February 2024

Today more and more people pay attention to the problem of ecology and sustainable development. One of the most pressing issues is the problem of recycling and disposal of waste, including packaging materials. Today, many manufacturers are introducing new technologies and materials that help reduce the environmental impact on the environment. Biodegradable packaging is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on the environment, because it does not accumulate in nature and decomposes naturally in a shorter time compared to plastic and combined materials. However, despite its advantages, it is not a universal solution to the problem of environmental sustainability. Its production can be more costly and complex than traditional packaging materials, and there are certain restrictions on its use. This article describes the results of a survey conducted among the residents of the Astrakhan region to identify consumer preferences for the use of biodegradable packaging and packaging materials. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained, the target consumer portrait was compiled, and the level of awareness of biodegradable packaging and packaging materials was determined. It was also revealed that the most popular biodegradable materials among consumers are biobaper and bioplastic, and the main factor in choosing packaging is ease of use. Despite the fact that more than 70% of the respondents preferred biodegradable packaging and packaging materials to traditional plastic products, only a few were willing to overpay for this type of packaging, which is a result of the socioeconomic situation in the Astrakhan region.
Comparison of the effectiveness of immobilization of cations on the surface of a polymer carrier in order to use the resulting composition in the technology of bakery products
Authors: Sargsyan M. A. , Belokurova E. V.
Published: February 2024

In regions with an identified imbalance of nutrients necessary for life, the development and optimization of recipes for flour products is relevant. Basically, enrichment is carried out by adding a solution of the necessary component to a dish or enriching food components at the growth stage. In order to increase the safety of the introduced phase, the fixation was carried out by physical immobilization on the surface of biopolymer spouts. The elements were magnesium, zinc and nickel. Natural sorbents chitosan and cellulose were chosen as carriers. The solutions of the compounds of the elements were mixed with the carriers for 30 minutes, after which they were infused for 24 hours. The resulting composition was filtered out and based on the difference in the concentration of the initial solutions with respect to the filtrate, a conclusion was formed about the effectiveness of the immobilization process. As a result of the determination, the successful fixation of a zinc and nickel compound on the chitosan surface was established. Cellulose demonstrated weak retention of immobilized components. The reason for this is the weak mechanical strength of the selected conditions. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were formed about the effectiveness of the selected carriers.
Foodborne illnesses caused by tissue parasitic protozoa
Authors: Rutaganira Joseph , Glamazdin I. G.
Published: February 2024

Zoonotic infections caused by Sarcocystis species, known as intestinal sarcocystosis, are an example of foodborne illnesses that occur due to the consumption of contaminated meat. Zoonotic Sarcocystis parasites, specifically those hosted in cattle and swine meat, have been reported as the sole causative agents of human intestinal sarcocystosis. The infection’s symptoms include nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Talking about zoonotic parasites goes hand in hand with discussing the parasite life cycle, animals that act as natural intermediate hosts, and humans who act as the natural definitive host for the parasite. To safeguard cattle and swine meat consumers, the government of Rwanda, through the Rwanda Inspectorate, Competition, and Consumer Protection Authority (RICA), has banned the sale of meat that has not been refrigerated for at least 24 hours and reached a temperature between 2oC and 4oC before sale in order to prevent the transmission of zoonotic and transmissible diseases. Based on various literature reports, zoonotic sarcocyst viability remains intact in this range of temperatures for a period of 24 hours. Given that the prevalence of swine coccidia in Rwanda was reported to be 55.8%, Coccidia may not only include Sarcocystis species. The established rule may not be contributing to the prevention of zoonotic sarcocystis parasite infection but it is a preventive solution for many other zoonotic parasites and pathogens. Due to the lack of research reports on zoonotic sarcocystis in Rwanda, there is limited knowledge about these parasites in the country. This lack of information may explain why the prevention and control measures taken to address zoonotic pathogen infection do not adequately address the issue of zoonotic sarcocysts. Though the parasite infection was reported to be negligible, it may induce reduced human food availability in the food production system due to the ability of the disease to be transmitted from humans to cattle and pork. These later animals' meat is prestigiously served as human food in Rwanda.
Putusan Hakim Dalam Memutus Perkara Perdata Khusus Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Bagi Pemegang Hak Merek
Authors: Ninik Ayuhandika  , Rendie Meita Sarie Putri  , Amara Yovitasari
Published: February 2024

Merek merupakan bagian dari hak kekayaan intelektual yang penggunaannya berkaitan dengan perdagangan, dimana pemakaiannya yaitu pada produk-produk yang dipasarkan dan mengandung nilai ekonomis. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dalam hasil penelitian ini, Pemegang hak merek memiliki perlindungan hukum untuk jangka waktu 10 (sepuluh) tahun sejak tanggal penerimaan dan dapat diperpanjang untuk jangka waktu yang sama, sesuai dengan Pasal 35 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis dan bagi pelanggar pemegang hak merek ketentuan pidana secara tegas diatur dalam Pasal 100 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Syarat dan tata cara memperoleh hak kekayaan intelektual khususnya dibidang hak merek diatur dalam Pasal 4 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis Pertimbangan majelis hakim dalam tingkat kasasi jelas mengatakan bahwa merek I BOX milik penggugat dengan merek iBox milik tergugat terdapat persamaan pada pokoknya dari bunyi ucapan akan tetapi susunan katanya dan bentuk hurufnya berbeda hal ini telah terbukti melanggar Pasal 100 ayat 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis.
Tanggung Jawab Penyelenggara Jalan Umum Terhadap Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Akibat Ketidaklaikan Jalan
Authors: Anam Mochammad Rifqi , Chumaida Zahry Vandawati
Published: February 2024

Dalam penelitian ini akan menganalisa terkait tanggung jawab penyelenggara jalan perawatan sarana dan prasarana di jalan umum, selain itu juga akan dibahas mengenai konsep ketidaklaikan jalan, serta hak bagi korban kecelakaan akibat ketidaklaikan jalan. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Pendekatan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach) dan Pendekatan Konseptual (conseptual approach). Penyelenggara jalan umum ditentukan berdasarkan status jalannya. Penyelenggara jalan bertanggung jawab terhadap pemeliharaan sarana dan prasarana jalan umum. Dalam hal itu, penyelenggara jalan juga bertanggung jawab untuk melakukan uji laik fungsi jalan dan melakukan perbaikan jalan yang rusak agar menciptakan jalan yang berkeselamatan dan berkepastian hukum. Terhadap penyelenggara jalan umum yang lalai dalam menyediakan jalan yang berkeselamatan dan berkepastian hukum harus bertanggung jawab terhadap adanya kecelakaan lalu lintas akibat ketidaklaikan jalan. Sehingga penyelenggara harus mengganti kerugian yang dialami oleh korban kecelakaan lalu lintas akibat ketidaklaikan jalan.
Improved knowledge Graph Convolutional neural Network recommendation model
Authors: Zhai ZhengLi , Yang Jitao , Dong Zhaohe
Published: February 2024

In the KG-aware recommendation system, only a few methods capture valuable information from both user–item interaction and item knowledge, and they introduce many trainable parameters that increase training difficulty. To solve the above problems, a simplified knowledge graph-aware & graph convolutional network recommendation model (SKGCN) was proposed, Firstly, feature transformation and nonlinear activation in Graph Convolution Layer are removed, which has been proven to greatly reduce parameters. Then, two specific aggregation components are introduced to the feature aggregation process of user-item interaction graph and item knowledge graph. Finally, the obtained embeddings of users and items were integrated to generate the prediction score for recommendation. The experimental results on the three datasets of MovieLens-20M, Book-Crossing and LastFM show that the Recall rate is improved by an average of 5.00%, 24.32% and 1.05%, and the normalized damage cumulative gain increased by an average of 2.17%, 23.71% and 1.71%, respectively, compared with optimal benchmark model.
Presentation of Enthesitis Related Arthritis and Juvenile-onset Spondyloarthritis, a Cross-sectional Study in a Pediatric and Adult Clinic
Authors: Lanças Sean Hideo Shirata , Brufatto Matheus Zanata , Fernandes Taciana de Albuquerque Pedrosa , Drumond Sula Glaucia Lage , Magalhães Claudia Saad
Published: February 2024

Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) comprises a whole spectrum of chronic arthritis starting before 16 years of age. The study aims to explore the clinical and demographic descriptors, treatment, and disease progression of enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) in comparison with juvenile-onset spondyloarthritis (SpA).
Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of consecutive patients in two dedicated clinics, with one visit and retrospective case-note review. Arthritis, enthesitis and sacroiliitis were evaluated by scoring disease activity and damage. Continuous variables were reported by median, interquartile range; categorical variables were reported by the frequency comparison of the two groups.
Results
Thirty-three cases, 23 (69.7%) of ERA, were included. The median age at diagnosis was 12.5 y (SpA) vs. 9 y (ERA) (p < 0.01); the time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 5.5 y (SpA) vs. 1.5 y (ERA) (p < 0.03). In both groups, the predominant presentation was a single joint or < 5 lower limb joints and asymmetric involvement, with a high frequency of enthesitis. There was a higher frequency of mid-tarsal and ankle synovitis in the ERA group and hip involvement in those with SpA. The comparison of the frequency of spine symptoms at presentation, 30% SpA vs. 21.7% ERA (p = 0.7), was not significant, and progression to spinal involvement occurred in 43.5% of ERA patients. The median time for spinal progression was 2.3 and 12 y for ERA and SpA, respectively. Activity and damage scores were not significantly different between the groups. Treatment comparison resulted in 91.3% of ERA and 100% SpA being treated, predominantly with NSAIDs in both groups, followed by DMARDs and biologics, with a higher frequency of biologics in SpA.
Conclusion
The main differences were that SpA had late diagnoses and hip spine involvement, with a higher frequency of biologic treatment, than ERA.
Schottky Barrier Memory based on Heterojunction Bandgap Engineering for High-density and Low-power Retention
Authors: Kim Hyangwoo , Kim Yijoon , Oh Kyounghwan , Park Ju Hong , Baek Chang-Ki
Published: February 2024

Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) has been scaled down to meet high-density, high-speed, and low-power memory requirements. However, conventional DRAM has limitations in achieving memory reliability, especially sufficient capacitance to distinguish memory states. While there have been attempts to enhance capacitor technology, these solutions increase manufacturing cost and complexity. Here, we propose a novel Schottky barrier memory (SBRAM) featuring a heterojunction based on bandgap engineering. SBRAM can be configured as vertical cross-point arrays, which enables high-density integration with a 4F2 footprint. In particular, the Schottky junction significantly reduces the reverse leakage current, preventing sneak current paths that cause leakage currents and readout errors during array operation. Moreover, the heterojunction physically divides the storage region into two regions, resulting in three distinct resistive states and inducing a gradual current slope to ensure sufficient holding margin. These states are determined by the holding voltage (Vhold) applied to the programmed device. When the Vhold is 1.1 V, the programmed state can be maintained with an exceptionally low current of 35.7 fA without a refresh operation.
Functional and Structural Assessment of an Experimental Section Gap Graded Modified with Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Authors: Hipolito Vinicius , Ildefonso Jesner
Published: February 2024

Gap-graded aggregate combined with asphalt rubber is a high-performance alternative for roads with high traffic volumes which offers advantages over other conventional mixtures in terms of permanent deformation (rutting), fatigue life and texture. In this study, which made use of the already known mixture, conventional filler was replaced by sugarcane bagasse bottom ash (SCBA) at the proportion of 5% of the total mineral aggregates. The aim was improving the mechanical performance of asphalt coating and, at the same time, making sure that this type of waste will have an adequate destination. The residue, which was lighter, finer and rougher than conventional filler, changed the volumetric properties of the Marshall design, which means that the volume of voids in mineral aggregates and the voids filled with asphalt were increased considering the same volume of air voids (5.3%). Thus, there was an increase in the Marshall Stability (40%) and Indirect Tensile Test (22%) mechanical parameters. After laboratory analysis, the mixtures were applied as asphalt coating to a field of a high-traffic highway (BR-158). Field specimens showed that the modified mixture had an increase of 18% in the Resilience Modulus (4,088 MPa; 3,478 MPa). In addition, its Flow Number was 73% higher (16,707; 9,681) and its permanent deformation rate was 28% lower within 10,000 cycles in the dynamic creep test, which was corroborated by an 11% smaller permanent deformation rate in the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Device (HWTD), within 20,000 cycles (3.2 mm; 3.6 mm). Finally, it can be stated that partial replacement of conventional filler by sugarcane bagasse ash, within the established granulometric range, has proven technical feasibility both in laboratory and in the field.
Programmable 3D metamaterials with tailored Poisson's ratios over large deformation
Authors: Zhai Xiaoya , Zheng Fuwen , Zhang Di , Ma Qingping , Liu Ligang , Fu Xiao-Ming
Published: February 2024

The ability to finely tune Poisson’s ratios is pivotal in customizing the mechanical behavior of 3D metamaterials. The inverse design of these materials empowers designers to optimize their Poisson’s ratios according to specific requirements, thereby enhancing their adaptability and versatility across a broad spectrum of applications ranging from soft robots to wearable technologies. This study proposes an innovative and accessible inverse design framework to conceptualize 3D metamaterials through a set of geometric parameters for crafting to ensure programmability, tailored Poisson’s ratios, and resilience to large deformations. Several innovative classes of 3D metamaterials with unique tailorable Poisson’s ratios under substantial deformations are presented, marking a significant paradigm shift in material design. The Poisson’s ratios of a selected sequence of metamaterials are validated through comprehensive numerical simulations and quasi-static tensile tests. Overall, this study delivers effective guidelines to design 3D metamaterials with customizable and programmable Poisson’s ratios over large deformations.
Identification of the bridge moving loads based on fractional conjugate gradient method
Authors: Wu Hongchun , Wang Linjun , Luo Chengsheng
Published: February 2024

This paper proposes a bridge moving load identification method based on the Fractional Conjugate Gradient (FCG) method to address the low identification accuracy of traditional conjugate gradient methods. Firstly, the mathematical framework for detecting the moving load in the vehicle-bridge system is established by utilizing both the time-domain deconvolution technique and modal superposition approach. Secondly, the derivation of the discrete moving load identification system matrix equation not only transforms the problem, but also enables its formulation as an unconstrained optimization problem. Finally, the load information is obtained iteratively by the FCG method. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with the Hestenes-Stiefel conjugate gradient (HSCG) method, the Flether-Reeves conjugate gradient (FRCG) method, and the Polak-Ribire-Polyak conjugate gradient(PRPCG) method, the FCG method has faster identification speed, smaller identification error, and higher identification accuracy and noise resistance in identifying bridge moving loads at different noise levels.
Toxigenic effects of sponges and benthic diatoms on marine invertebrates: possible biotechnological applications
Authors: Federico Serena , Siciliano Antonietta , Esposito Roberta , Spampinato Marisa , Ruocco Nadia , Nuzzo Genoveffa , Cutignano Adele , Giovine Marco , Pozzolini Marina , Bertolino Marco , Guida Marco , Costantini Maria , Zupo Valerio
Published: February 2024

Secondary metabolites play important physiological roles being bioactive as defences against other organisms, or attractive signals used for various purposes, including reproduction. Their production and the emission in the environment may be viewed as an adaptive feature subjected to evolutionary selection. They were demonstrated to be useful for applications in various biotechnological fields, such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical. Sponges and microalgae, including diatoms, are the most promising sources of bioactive compounds from the sea. We aimed at detecting the ecotoxicological effects of crude extracts and fractions obtained from three marine sponges, Geodia cydonium, Haliclona (Halichoclona) vansoesti and Agelas oroides and two benthic diatoms, Nanofrustulum shiloi and Cylindrotheca closterium on model marine organisms. We tested their effects on the Mediterranean purple sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, and on two diatoms, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Cylindrotheca closterium, chosen because they are considered standard indicators for assessment of ecological impacts. Our results showed that extracts and fractions from both sponges and diatoms may be harmful for model invertebrates. However, eggs appeared “protected” from sponge allelochemicals when still unfertilized. The majority of sponge fractions exhibited noticeable impacts during the post-fertilization treatments. In contrast, fractions from diatoms notably increased the rate of malformations compared to the control, both in pre- and post-fertilization treatments.
Combining bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data to reveal Gene expression pattern of smooth muscle cell in pulmonary arterial hypertension Running title：Smooth Muscle Cell Gene Expression in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Chunjie , Zhang Jihong , Han Bing , Wei Yan , Xue Lan , Li Ge
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The study aims to reveal the gene expression patterns of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by combining bulk RNA-sequencing and single-cell RNA-sequencing technologies. It seeks to understand the cellular heterogeneity and key gene changes in pathological states, contributing to the complex pathophysiology of PAH.
Methods
The researchers utilized both bulk RNA-seq and scRNA-seq to analyze lung tissue samples from PAH patients and healthy controls. They aimed to integrate these data to identify differentially expressed genes in SMCs and uncover the regulatory networks at play. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to construct a comprehensive gene expression atlas.
Results
We performed a detailed analysis of single-cell (GSE210248) and bulk RNA (GSE33463 and GSE113439) data, employing rigorous quality control and PCA to identify gene variability. It discovered 10 cell types through UMAP clustering and analyzed gene differences, particularly focusing on 23 lncRNAs in smooth muscle cells and their roles in key metabolic and immune pathways. Further, it linked thousands of differentially expressed genes with critical lncRNAs like MALAT1 and EPB41L4A-AS1, uncovering their significant roles in PAH and intricate regulatory networks involving various molecular interactions.
Conclusions
While the specific conclusions were not accessible in the initial sections, the study likely provides insights into the gene expression patterns of SMCs in PAH, offering potential new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. It aims to advance the understanding of PAH's pathogenesis and contribute to better treatment strategies.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence in uterine artery embolization vs myomectomy for symptomatic uterine fibroids
Authors: Peng Junwen , Wang Jian , Shu Qianjun , Luo Yiting , Wang Siwei , Liu zhenjie
Published: February 2024

Purpose This review compares the efficacy of Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE) and Myomectomy (MYO) in managing symptomatic Uterine Fibroids (UFs) in women who do not want hysterectomy. Materials and Methods A meta-analysis was performed on all relative studies. Outcomes evaluated reintervention, UFs scores for quality of life (QOL) and symptom severity, and so on. To determine mean differences (MDs) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), a random or fixed-effects model was utilized. Results A meta-analysis of 13 studies (9 observational and 4 randomized controlled trials) was conducted. The results indicated that UAE had a higher reintervention rate (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.62 to 2.10; P < 0.01; I² = 39%), hysterectomy rate (OR, 4.04; 95% CI, 3.45 to 4.72; P < 0.01; I² = 59%), and symptom-severity score (OR, -4.02; 95% CI, 0.82, 7.22; P = 0.01; I² = 0%) compared to MYO at a four-year follow-up. However, UAE was associated with a lower rate of early complications (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.95; P = 0.04; I² = 25%), and readmission rate (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.33; P = 0.04; I² = 0%) compared to MYO. Furthermore, both procedures had comparable improvement in pregnancy rates and abnormal uterine bleeding. Conclusion In conclusion, UAE and MYO are effective in treating symptomatic UFs but they have different outcomes. The decision on which procedure to choose should be made based on individual preferences and the physician's expertise.
Nephrectomy and high-salt diet inducing pulmonary hypertension and kidney damage by increasing Ang II concentration in rats
Authors: Jiang Qian , Yang Qifeng , Zhang Chenting , Hou Chi , Hong Wei , Du Min , Shan Xiaoqian , Li Xuanyi , Zhou Dansha , Wen Dongmei , Xiong Yuanhui , Yang Kai , Lin Ziying , Song Jingjing , Mo Zhanjie , Feng Huazhuo , Xing Yue , Fu Xin , Liu Chunli , Peng Fang , Li Bing , Lu Wenju , Yuan Jason X.-J. , Wang Jian , Chen Yuqin
Published: February 2024

Background：Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common complication in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), affecting prognosis. However, the pathogenesis is not clear, and the lack of a stable animal model is a significant factor.
Methods：In this study, a rat model of chronic kidney disease with pulmonary hypertension (CKD-PH) was developed through 5/6 nephrectomy combined with a high-salt diet. The model's hemodynamics and pathological changes in multiple organs were dynamically assessed. Lung tissues and serum were collected from the model rats to measure the expression of ACE2, the expression levels of vascular active components related to the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and changes in the serum metabolic profile of the model.
Results：After 14 weeks post-surgery, the CKD-PH rat model exhibited significant changes in hemodynamic parameters indicative of pulmonary arterial hypertension, along with alterations such as right ventricular hypertrophy. However, no evidence of pulmonary vascular remodeling was observed. An imbalance in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was identified in the CKD-PH rat models. Downregulation of ACE2 expression was observed in pulmonary tissues. The serum metabolic profile of the CKD-PH rat models showed distinct differences compared to the sham surgery group.
Conclusions：The development of pulmonary arterial hypertension in CKD-PH rats may be primarily attributed to the disruption of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), coupled with a decrease in ACE2 expression in pulmonary vascular endothelial tissues and metabolic disturbances.
Early Warning Signals of Complex Critical Transitions in Deterministic Dynamics
Authors: Evers Kyra , Borsboom Denny , Fried Eiko , Hasselman Fred , Waldorp Lourens
Published: February 2024

Early Warning Signals (EWS) have generated much excitement for their potential to anticipate transitions in various systems, ranging from climate change in ecology to disease staging in medicine. EWS hold particular promise for bifurcations, a transition mechanism in which a smooth, gradual change in a control parameter of the system results in a rapid change in system dynamics. The predominant reason to expect EWS is because many bifurcations are preceded by Critical Slowing Down (CSD): if assuming the system is subject to continuous, small, Gaussian noise, the system is slower to recover from perturbations closer to the transition. However, this focus on stochasticity has overshadowed warning signs which may already be found in deterministic dynamics. This is especially true for higher-dimensional systems, where more complex attractors with intrinsic dynamics such as oscillations not only become possible - they are increasingly more likely. The present study focuses on univariate and multivariate EWS in deterministic dynamics to anticipate complex critical transitions, including the period-doubling cascade to chaos, chaos-chaos transitions, and the extinction of a chaotic attractor. In a four-dimensional continuous-time Lotka-Volterra model, EWS perform well for most bifurcations, even with lower data quality. The present study highlights three reasons why EWS may still work in the absence of CSD: changing attractor morphology (size, shape, and location in phase space), shifting power spectra (amplitude and frequency), and chaotic transitional characteristics (density across attractor). More complex attractors call for different warning detection methods to utilise warning signs already contained within purely deterministic dynamics.
Teaching transcultural skills to medical students in France. A qualitative study of a focus group
Authors: RADJACK Rahmeth , OGRIZEK Anaïs , SIMON Amalini , BERANGER Agathe , MOUHAB Adil , CAMARA Hawa , PIOT Marie Aude , LAMBERT Mathilde , MORO Marie Rose
Published: February 2024

Background: Academic instruction about the impact of culture on health care (through cultural representations of diseases, the body, and various treatments) is sparse in France, although this topic is widely taught in other countries with substantial immigration, especially Canada and United States. Medical students' reception of this instruction must be assessed in the French context, where the consideration of cultural diversity is controversial, even taboo.
Objectives: We seek to describe the effect of a course on transcultural issues in medicine among second- and third-year medical students, especially on their behavior, on the patient-student relationship, and on their perceptions of migrant patients; we also aim to identify the aspects of the course that have the greatest effect on these young students.
Methods: Two focus groups (at the first and last course sessions) were conducted with 38 medical students who had participated in the optional course "Transcultural approach to the physician-patient relationship" at the Université Paris Cité medical school in 2023.
Results: Our qualitative analysis of the focus group transcripts showed four themes: the place of the mother tongue at the hospital; equity and humanity in caring for the vulnerable; the balance between professional neutrality and the use of cultural identity as a resource to improve the care relationship; and the effects of the course on the students' position toward the health-care team and the patient.
Discussion: The two focus groups showed the course had a transformative effect on the students in their awareness of cultural prejudices, but also in enabling them to dare to consider cultural dimensions and to recognize the importance of interpreters.
Conclusion: A discussion group is an appropriate format for a course on transcultural approaches for this public of young learners and makes it possible to focus on its global themes and foundations.
Gender difference and sociodemographic variation in heart failure related burden and its underlying causes
Authors: Huang Xin , Yu Danqing , Ni Yulu , Chen Kai , Xu Haiyan , He Yinhui
Published: February 2024

Background
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several observational studies showed sex-related and region-based differences in epidemiology, underlying causes, and therapeutic outcomes of HF, highlighting the need for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and potential strategies to address these disparities to decrease the burden of HF.
Methods and Results
Global and regional estimates of HF prevalence and YLDs by age, year, gender, and world region were based on data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(GBD 2019). Globally, the prevalence number of HF increased significantly from 27.2 million to 56.2 million, increased by 106.6% from 1990. A similar trend could be found in HF-related YLDs number. An intersection could be found in the curves of different genders around age 75, after which women showed a heavier HF-related burden compared to men. The leading three causes of YLDs due to HF in 2019 were ischemic heart disease (IHD, 37.2%), hypertension heart disease (HHD, 33.1%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, 9.1%). Estimated by age-standardized prevalence rate, although alcoholic cardiomyopathy accounted for < 0.5% in South Asia (ranked 11), and Southern Sub-Saharan Africa (ranked 15), but in Eastern Europe was 8.9% (ranked 3). Although chagas disease was a major cause of HF in Latin America (ranked 4), while in other GBD regions, the impact was almost zero. An increasingly upward trend could be found in all SDI groups by year, especially in high-middle and middle countries. After age-standardized, HF-related burden in high SDI region has decreased by 17.1% since 1990, while in other SDI groups showed a slight increase or stable trend. The age-standardized YLDs rate were negatively correlated with SDI in pulmonary disease induced HF but positively correlated with SDI in cardiovascular disease induced HF.
Conclusion and Interpretation:
Our study have shown that men have a higher prevalence and worse prognosis of HF compared to women, and women tend to develop HF at an older age. The underlying causes of HF varied significantly in different age groups, geographical and socioeconomic regions. Targeted considerations and specific strategies are needed to address these disparities to enhance heart health and decrease the burden of HF. Future research should focus on underlying mechanisms and potential strategies in sex-related differences to guide gender-based treatment of HF.