bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Extreme Learning Machine dan Firefly Algorithm untuk Meramalkan Nilai Tukar Rupiah terhadap Dolar
Authors: Ramadhani Ilham , Damayanti Auli , Winarko Edi
Published: October 2021

Every country has a currency as a medium of exchange and the movement of its exchange rate can affect the economy of the country. In Indonesia, since the freely floating exchange rates system has been applied in August 1997, the value of rupiah currency in the foreign exchange market can change at any time. Considering the massive impacts of exchange rate fluctuation on the economy, then forecasting the exchange rate of rupiah against the US dollar is important to help Indonesia’s economic growth. The aims of this thesis is to predict the estimated exchange rate of rupiah against the US dollar in the future by using hybrid artificial neural network extreme learning machine (ELM) method and firefly algorithm (FA). In the training process, ELM-FA hybrid has a role to obtain the best weight and bias. The weight and bias that obtained will be used for forecasting and to know the success rate of the training process, the validation test process is required. Based on the implementation of program and simulation for some parameter values on the exchange rate data from Jan 2015 until Jan 2018, with four input and hidden nodes, and one output node, obtained the smallest MSE of the training is 0.000480513 with MSE of the testing is 0.0000854107. The relatively small MSE value indicates that ELM-FA network is able to recognize the data pattern well and able to predict the test data well.
Norms on Quotient Spaces of The 2-Inner Product Space
Authors: Batkunde Harmanus
Published: October 2021

This paper discussed about construction of some quotients spaces of the 2-inner product spaces. On those quotient spaces, we defined an inner product with respect to a linear independent set. These inner products was derived from the -inner product. We then defined a norm which induced by the inner product in these quotient spaces.
Sekuritisasi Pandemi COVID-19 dan Tatanan Neoliberal: Menuju Deliberalisasi Ekonomi Global?
Authors: Habibah Yasmin Nur , Pratama Januar Aditya , Alam Teduh Gentar
Published: October 2021

This paper is aimed to find the potential trends of the protectionism of countries and their independence on global economic chains in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak. Securitization is a state action to increase the status of an issue into an existential threat. In accordance with the theory of securitization, since the spread of COVID-19 becomes a pandemic and threatens health security of the people, countries take part in securitization actions through the application of rules on limiting medical industry transactions, whose products are urgently needed by other countries together with the securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic issues. Thus, the authors examine the acts of securitization from case studies of three countries: Britain, France, and the United States, as samples from countries supporting neoliberal order who has done this action. So, it is known that during the pandemic, countries in the world failed to maintain their liberal economic practices. Then, weaknesses are found in the global liberal economic system, where the dependency of the production and distribution chains on one another can lead to vulnerability to unilateral termination by several involved countries which prioritize their national interests and re-implement economic nationalism.
Desempenho agronômico e diversidade genética de linhagens de feijão-caupi nas condições do Recôncavo da Bahia
Authors: Gonçalves Zalmar Santana , Lima Lucas Kennedy Silva
Published: October 2021

O feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] está entre as principais culturas de subsistência para pequenos agricultores do Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Contudo, sua produtividade é baixa em comparação a outras regiões do país, podendo estar associada à utilização de cultivares não adaptadas. Assim, objetivou-se identificar as linhagens de feijão-caupi mais produtivas e adaptadas às condições do Recôncavo da Bahia. O experimento foi conduzido em Cruz das Almas-BA, localizada no Recôncavo da Bahia, sendo constituídas por 16 linhagens e quatro cultivares de feijão-caupi, totalizando 20 tratamentos que foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados e quatro repetições. No momento em que todas as vargens da parcela se encontravam secas foi realizada a colheita e em seguida foi realizada a avaliação das características agronômicas, comprimento médio das vagens; massa de cinco vagens; massa dos grãos em cinco vargens, número de grãos em cinco vagens e número médio de grãos por vagem. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e suas médias foram agrupadas pelo teste Scott-Knott, visando complementar as informações e demonstrar a variabilidade genética entre as linhagens foi realizada análise multivariada. Houve diferenças entre as linhagens para as cinco características avaliadas e a partir da análise de componentes principais e análise de agrupamento e heatmap foi observada a formação de quatro grupos com destaque para as linhagens MNC03-737F-5-9 e MNC03-736F-7, que exibiram potencial agronômico em relação às demais linhas e cultivares avaliadas, sendo, portanto, recomendadas para produção de feijão-caupi nas condições do Recôncavo da Bahia.
The Application of 5E Learning Cycle Model Towards Students Learning Activities on Salt Hydrolysis Subject Material in Grade XI SMAN 1 Pakem Academic Year 2019/2020
Authors: Irawan Nisrina Zahira Putri , Muhaimin Muhaimin , Merdekawati Krisna
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between the application of the 5E Learning Cycle model and conventional learning towards learning activities on salt hydrolysis subject material. The type of research used experimental research. The study population was all students of grade XI at SMA Negeri 1 Pakem in the academic year 2019/2020, totaling 5 classes. The research sample used XI MIPA 1 class as the experimental class and XI MIPA 2 class as the control class which was taken by purposive sampling technique. Data collection through non-test techniques in the form of questionnaires and observations. Data analysis techniques on learning activity variables used Parametric Statistics Independent Sample T-Test for observational data and Non-Parametric Statistics for the Mann-Whitney test for questionnaire data. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between students who take learning with the 5E Learning Cycle model and students who take conventional learning towards learning activities.
Examining Some of Students’ Views on the Nature of Science (NOS) in Traditional Lecture Format Teaching Environment
Authors: Salame Issa I. , Dong Shirley
Published: October 2021

The preparation of a scientifically literate society is the main goal of science education throughout the world and this has resulted in the emphasis of nature of science in the curriculum. The purpose of this research project is to examine the aforementioned students’ views on NOS tenets, its relationship to their academic achievements and background, and how it changes through their study of science. The study took place at the City College of New York, an urban, commuter, public college, and minority serving institute. The research data was collected through the administration of a survey that contained three of the NOS questions and academic and background information about the students. The data suggest that students possess inadequate understanding of the nature of science when they begin their academic fields of science study. This inadequate understanding is resistant to change in traditional science teaching settings. The data provide evidence that the inadequate understanding of nature of science does not change as the result of exposure to science courses, the field of science studied, and the students’ academic achievement as measured by grade point average. Our data show that traditional instruction in college science courses does not address nature of science and does not cause a conceptual change in the students’ understanding of NOS. The lack of correlation between students’ understanding of nature of science and credits completed or grade point average could be attributed to students relying on rote-learning and algorithmic problem-solving to achieve high grades and succeed in science, which hinders their meaningful learning of science and the development of conceptual understanding. Thus, science teaching and instruction should address naïve conception on the NOS and changes the instruction methods to consider NOS naïve conceptions and learning challenges. Science teaching and learning curriculum and instruction should immerse students in science learning activities that nurtures their understanding of the nature of science through participating in novel science research and inquiry-based learning activities.
Dual-targeted lung cancer therapy via inhalation delivery of UCNP-siRNA-AS1411 nanocages
Authors: Han Yu , Yang Yuming , Sun Qiuyang , Li Bin , Yue Caixia , Liu Yanlei , de la Fuente Jesús M. , Cui Daxiang
Published: October 2021

Objective: Although great progress has been made in the field of siRNA gene therapy, safe, efficient, and targeted delivery of siRNA are still major challenges in siRNA therapeutics. Methods: We developed an up-conversion nanoparticle-based nanocage system. This system protected the siRNA from being degraded by nucleases in organisms and selectively delivered the siRNAs to the tumor sites, due to modifications of targeted molecules on the surfaces of nanocages and local inhalation. Results: The siRNAs delivered by the up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages were protected from degradation in transit to the tumor sites, where they accumulated. Compared with the passive target and control groups, the up-conversion nanoparticles based on the nanocage system showed a tumor suppressive effect after approximately 3 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: The up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages efficiently delivered vascular endothelial growth factor siRNAs to tumor sites. Mice with lung tumors treated with tumors targeting up-conversion nanoparticle nanocages showed steady body weight changes, high tumor inhibition ratios, and longer survival times.
Differential Gene Expression Analysis of Resistant and Susceptible Flax Cultivars in Response to Fusarium oxysporum Stress
Authors: Rui He , Dong Chang Yin , Ming Wang Jian
Published: October 2021

A plant’s early response to pathogen stress is a vital indicator of its disease resistance. In order to study the response mechanism of resistant and susceptible flax cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini (Foln), we applied RNA-sequencing to analyze transcriptomes of flax with Foln 0.5, 2 and 8 hours post inoculation (hpi). We found a significant difference in the number of differential expression genes (DEGs) between resistant and susceptible flax clutivars. The number of DEGs in the Fusarium-resistant cultivar increased dramatically at 2 hpi, and a large number of DEGs participated in the Fusarium-susceptible cultivar response to Foln infection 0.5 hpi. GO enrichment analysis determined that the up-regulated DEGs of both flax cultivars were enriched such as oxidoreductase activity and oxidation-reduction process. At the same time, the genes involved in diterpenoid synthesis were up-regulated in resistant cultivar, while those involved in extracellular region, cell wall and organophosphate ester transport were down-regulated in susceptible cultivar. KEGG enrichment analysis showed the genes encoded WRKY 22 and WRKY33 which involved in MAPK signaling pathway were up-regulated expressed in S-29 and down-regulated expressed in R-7, negatively regulated the disease resistance of flax; The genes encoded Hsp 90 family which in involved in plant pathogen interaction pathway were up-regulated in R-7 and down-regulated in S-29, which positively regulated the disease resistance of flax; The genes encoded MYC2 transcription factor and TIFY proteins which involved in plant hormone signaling pathway were up-regulated in R-7, and regulated the jasmonic acid metabolism of flax and the signal transduction of plant hormones. Meanwhile seven regulatory genes with the most correlation were screened out, Among Lus10025000.g and Lus10026447.g regulated other genes expressed both in plant hormone signal transduction pathway and MAPK signal pathway. In conclusion, these findings will facilitate further studies on the function of these candidate genes in flax of response to Fusarium stress, and the breeding of disease-resistant flax cultivar.
Prematuridade no Brasil entre 2012 e 2019: dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos
Authors: Guidolini Martinelli Katrini , Almeida Soares Dias Bárbara , Lemos Leal Marcelle , Belotti Lorrayne , Marvila Garcia Érica , Theodoro dos Santos Neto Edson
Published: October 2021

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a tendência de prematuridade no Brasil, entre 2012 e 2019, segundo características sociodemográficas, do pré-natal e parto. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, em que foram calculadas as proporções de prematuridade segundo as regiões do Brasil, idade materna, escolaridade materna, raça/cor, número de consultas pré-natal e tipo de parto, a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Sequencialmente, foram aplicados modelos de regressão polinomial para análise de tendência temporal. De 2012 a 2019, a proporção de prematuridade no Brasil apresentou tendência decrescente, variando de 10,87% a 9,95%, com a menor proporção em 2015, que foi de 9,77%. As mulheres na faixa etária de 45 anos ou mais e com 4 a 6 consultas de pré-natal apresentaram as maiores proporções de prematuridade para o período (14,88% a 17,92%) e com tendência crescente. Já as mulheres analfabetas e indígenas mostraram tendência decrescente para o período, apesar de terem as maiores proporções de prematuridade (15,75% a 11,74%). Há uma tendência decrescente de prematuridade no Brasil, especialmente em mulheres mais vulneráveis, entretanto, os serviços de saúde precisam melhorar o atendimento das mulheres com idade materna avançada e atrair aquelas com poucas consultas de pré-natal.
Yöneticilerin Çatışma Yönetim Yaklaşımlarının Lider-İzleyici Etkileşimine Etkisinde Rol Belirsizliği ve İş Yükünün Rolü
Authors: ALTAN Senem
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmada, ilk aşamada yöneticilerin çatışma yönetim yaklaşımlarının lider-izleyici etkileşimi üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Ayrıca bu ilişkide, rol belirsizliği ve iş yükünün düzenleyici rolü de araştırılmaktadır. Tasarım/Yöntem: Bilişim sektöründe bir saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Kolayda örneklem yöntemiyle belirlenen 400 kişiye online anket gönderilmiştir. Toplam 236 geri dönüş alınmış olup 212 adet anket analiz için uygun bulunmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin güvenilirlik ve geçerlilik analizleri yapıldıktan sonra, geliştirilen teorik model ve hipotezler hiyerarşik regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Bulgular: Yöneticilerin birleştirici çatışma yönetim yaklaşımları lider izleyici etkileşimi üzerinde pozitif ve anlamlı etkilere sahiptir. Rol belirsizliği ve iş yükünün bu ilişkilerde düzenleyici rolü yoktur. Öte yandan ayrıştırıcı çatışma yönetimi yaklaşımlarından rekabetçi negatif, geri çekilen ise pozitif ve anlamlı olarak lider-izleyici etkileşimini etkilemektedir. Bu ilişkilerde ise rol belirsizliği ve iş yükünün düzenleyici rolü vardır. Sınırlılıklar: Örneklemin sadece İstanbul’da iş hayatlarına devam eden Bilişim Sektörü çalışanlarından oluşmasıdır. Özgünlük/Değer: Çatışma yönetimi tarzları ile LMX arasındaki ilişkilerin araştırılmasına rağmen, rol belirsizliği ve iş yükünün düzenleyici rolünün çok fazla incelenmediği görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın özgün yönünü oluşturmaktadır.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS DETERMINING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE BELARUSIAN LIGHT INDUSTRY
Authors: Serhiyevich T.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of factors determining the development of light industry in the Republic of Belarus. As these factors, the article explores the influence of changes in the forms of labour motivation, changes in professional qualification requirements, changes in the technology of production and promotion of goods, changes in forms of state support, and the development of cooperation.
ASSESSMENT AND FORECASTING OF THE COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL OF THE WORLD MACHINERY BUILDING
Authors: Senko A. , Bliznyuk O.
Published: October 2021

This article is devoted to the assessment and forecasting of the competitive potential of
the worldmachinery building. The article analyzes the main statistical data reflecting the dynamics of world machinery building , such as the volume of production of engineering products, the share of mechanical engineering in world GDP, the share of regions (America, Asia, etc.) in worldmachinery building, the share of the largest manufacturing countries in world GDP. In addition, based on the use of regression analysis tools, the authors built a regression model showing the dependence of world economic growth on world machinery building.
THE PRACTICE OF COORDINATION OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY OF MEMBER COUNTRIES OF THE CMEA (INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS)
Authors: Нursky V.
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the phenomenon of industrial policy coordination by the example
of CMEA. The analysis of historical experience of coordination of industrial policy of the
CMEA member countries allowed to determine the essence of this phenomenon, which is expressed in voluntary interstate coordination of cooperation of the member countries of the integration association in the field of industrial policy aimed at making full use of the advantages of international division and cooperation of labor, in order to reduce uncertainty in the system of international cooperation. It is revealed that the institute of coordination of industrial policy of the CMEA member countries has become an effective way to expand industrial cooperation of their business entities and the mechanism of their interstate interaction.
ENERGY AS A FACTOR OF PRODUCTION AND MOVING FORCE OF INDUSTRIALIZATION
Authors: Baynev V.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of energy as a key production resource, the development of which ensures the progress of technology, technology and civilization in general. It is shown that natural energy, involved by the power of people's intellect in production pro-cesses, through the mediation of machines, replaces the increasingly complex functions of man in the process of his labor activity. Thus, the improvement of the energy base leads to a change in machine generations, stages of industrialization and organizational and economic forms of doing business in the direction of continuously increasing integration of capital within the framework of increasingly large business entities.
DYNAMICS OF EMPLOYMENT IN THE PROCESS OF IMPLEMENTING THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Kuzmitskaya T.
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the fourth industrial revolution on the dynamics of employment. The study found that the main factors influencing the development of business and employment dynamics in the coming years will be such technological advances as widespread mobile high-speed Internet, artificial intelligence, the widespread use of large amounts of analytical data and cloud technologies. As a result, the ratio of the volume of operations performed by man and machines and algorithms will change. Employees whose functions will be automated will require retraining in the form of full retraining or additional training. To mitigate the socio-economic consequences of changes in employment, a set of measures is needed to encourage and support re-qualified workers, as well as to increase access to education.
INDUSTRY 4.0 AS A GERMANY'S TECHNOLOGICAL LEADERSHIP CONQUEST TOOL: EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TO IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Meleshko Yu.
Published: October 2021

The article considers Industry 4.0 as a strategy for the development of German industry, which over the eight years of its existence has undergone significant changes both in theoretical aspects and in terms of practical implementation. The reasons for such changes lie not only in the development of new technologies (blockchain, artificial intelligence, 5G), but also in rethinking the experience of introducing Industry 4.0 into the real sector of the economy. A number of problems that have arisen related to the internal competition of large business representatives and the methodological error embodied in the development strategy of idealizing an object have indicated the limited possibility of further development of this strategy in its original form. Today, the German government is forced to seek new approaches to the development of Industry 4.0, the full-scale implementation of which will allow the country to maintain its leading position in the market for production technologies, thereby ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy at the international level.
CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRIAL INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SECTORS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
Authors: Hursky V. , Kovalchuk N. , Semashko M.
Published: October 2021

The article studies the features of the functioning of water supply and sanitation sectors,
characterizing it as a relatively independent administrative and economic sector in the housing and communal services system of the Republic of Belarus. A study was made of the distinctive features of the water supply and utilities sector from other sectors of the public utilities sector of the Republic of Belarus: the heterogeneity and complexity of the technological processes for the preparation and purification of water, the territorial unevenness of residence of consumers of services, state-regulated tariffs for water supply and sewage, arising from the social significance of this strategic resource
Machine Learning Application for Gas Lift Performance and Well Integrity
Authors: Yakoot Mostafa Sa'eed , Ragab Adel Mohamed Salem , Mahmoud Omar
Published: October 2021

Constructing and maintaining integrity for different types of wells requires accurate assessment of posed risk level, especially when one barrier element or group of barriers fails. Risk assessment and well integrity (WI) categorization is conducted typically using traditional spreadsheets and in-house software that contain their own inherent errors. This is mainly because they are subjected to the understanding and the interpretation of the assigned team to WI data.

Because of these limitations, industrial practices involve the collection and analysis of failure data to estimate risk level through certain established probability/likelihood matrices. However, those matrices have become less efficient due to the possible bias in failure data and consequent misleading assessment.

The main objective of this work is to utilize machine learning (ML) algorithms to develop a powerful model and predict WI risk category of gas-lifted wells. ML algorithms implemented in this study are; logistic regression, decision trees, random forest, support vector machines, k-nearest neighbors, and gradient boosting algorithms. In addition, those algorithms are used to develop physical equation to predict risk category. Three thousand WI and gas-lift datasets were collected, preprocessed, and fed into the ML model.

The newly developed model can predict well risk level and provide a unique methodology to convert associated failure risk of each element in the well envelope into tangible value. This shows the total potential risk and hence the status of well-barrier integrity overall. The implementation of ML can enhance brownfield asset operations, reduce intervention costs, better control WI through the field, improve business performance, and optimize production.
Overcoming Challenges of Mechanical Lifting Capabilities on Offshore Installation by Utilizing Coiled Tubing Boat Spooling Technique
Authors: Dinger Stefan , Casali Andrei , Lind Frank , Hadi Keong Azwan , Bårdsen Johnny , Staveland Nilsen Bjørn Engvald , Nesvik Kjell Tore , Bell Eleanor , Sporstøl Terje
Published: October 2021

Coiled tubing (CT) operations in the Norwegian continental shelf (NCS) often require a long and large-outside-diameter pipe due to big diameter completions, deep wells, and the need for high annular velocity during fluid circulation. However, getting the CT string onboard becomes a challenge when the crane lifting limit is 35 t, and using a standalone crane barge increases the cost of the operation. The alternative is spooling the CT from a vessel to the platform.

Boat spooling is done by placing the CT string on a floating vessel with dynamic positioning while the standard CT injector head is secured at the edge of the platform to pull the pipe from the vessel to an empty CT reel on the platform. The boat is equipped with a CT guide; special tension clamps; and an emergency disconnect system, which consists of a standard CT shear-seal blowout preventer. The technique requires careful study of the platform structure for placement of the injector head support frame, metocean data of the field, and equipment placement on the vessel and platform.

The boat spooling operation of a 7,700-m long, 58.7-t, 2.375-in.-outside-diameter CT string was successfully executed for a platform at 70-m height from mean sea level. The total operating time from hooking up the vessel to successfully spooling the string only took 12 hours. Historically for the region, the method has been attempted in sea state of up to 4-m wave height and 16 knots maximum wind speed. For this operation, the spooling was carried out during an average sea state of 2-m wave height and 15-knot wind speed. The continuous CT string allows a telemetry cable to be installed inside the pipe after the CT is spooled onto the platform reel, enabling real-time downhole measurements during the intervention. Such installation is not possible or presents high risk if the CT string is taken onboard by splicing two sections of pipe together with a spoolable connector or butt welding. From a cost perspective, the boat-spooling operation had up to 80% direct cost saving for the operator when compared to other methods of lifting a single CT string onboard, such as using a motion-compensated barge crane. The planning for the boat spooling included several essential contingency plans.

Performing a CT boat spooling operation in a complex environment is possible and opens new opportunities to use longer and heavier CT strings, with lower mobilization costs. Such strings enable more advanced and efficient interventions, with the option of using real-time CT downhole measurements during the execution of a wide range of production startup work. This, in turn, is critical to support the drilling of more extended reach wells, which allow access to untapped reservoirs.
Deployment of Methane Detection and Quantification Technologies
Authors: Abdul Talip Noor Arnida , Muhamad Pikri Mohd Hafiz , Zainal Abidin Dr Shahrul Azman , Hashim Hasnor Hassaruddin
Published: October 2021

Methane emission affects advocacy on natural gas as low carbon fuel as it has a global warming potential of 25 times GWP compared to CO2. In promoting natural gas against coal and address concerns of stakeholders, it is critical for an Oil & Gas Company to manage the methane emissions across gas value chain for it be qualified as a cleaner fuel in the energy transition. Methane emission is usually quantified from key intended emission sources such as venting, flaring and combustion. With this greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions monitoring enables gradual reduction of large intended methane sources. However, unintended fugitive methane emission as well as those from other small intended sources such as compressor seals are usually not quantified and reported.

In supporting energy transition, there is a need to step-up in accurate quantification and reduction of methane emissions and determine long term reduction target in driving competitiveness of natural gas as low carbon fuel. Hence, an initiative was taken to measure baseline data for methane emission for gas processing facilities and gas transmission and regasification unit by utilizing accurate measurement tools and methodologies for detection and quantification.
An Integrated IR4.0 Software Enables Autonomous Casing Crossflow Rate Calculation
Authors: Al-Hajri Nasser M. , Barghouti Akram R. , Ureiga Sulaiman T.
Published: October 2021

This paper will present an alternative calculation technique to predict wellbore crossflow rate in a water injection well resulting from a casing leak. The method provides a self-governing process for wellbore related calculations inspired by the fourth industrial revolution technologies. In an earlier work, calculations techniques were presented which do not require the conventional use of downhole flowmeter (spinner) to obtain the flow rate. Rather, continuous surface injection data prior to crossflow development and shut-in well are used to estimate the rate. In this alternative methodology, surface injection data post crossflow development are factored in to calculate the rate with the same accuracy.

To illustrate the process an example water injector well is used. To quantify the casing leak crossflow rate, the following calculation methodology was applied:Generate a well performance model using pre-crossflow injection data. Normal modeling techniques are applied in this step to obtain an accurate model for the injection well as a baseline case.Generate an imaginary injection well model: An injection well mimicking the flow characteristics and properties of the water injector is envisioned to simulate crossflow at flowing (injecting) conditions. In this step, we simulate an injector that has total depth up to the crossflow location only and not the total depth of the example water well.Generate the performance model for the secondary formation using post crossflow data: The total injection rate measured at surface has two portions: one portion goes into the shallower secondary formation and another goes into the deeper (primary) formation. The modeling inputs from the first two steps will be used here to obtain the rate for the downhole formation at crossflow conditions.Generate an imaginary production well model: The normal model for the water injector will be inversed to obtain a production model instead. The inputs from previous steps will be incorporated in the inverse modeling.Obtaining the crossflow rate at shut-in conditions: Performance curves generated from step 3 & 4 will be plotted together to obtain an intersection that corresponds to the crossflow rate at shut-in conditions.

This numerical methodology was analytically derived and the prediction results were verified on syntactic field data with very high accuracy. The application of this model will benefit oil operators by avoiding wireline logging costs and associated safety risks with mechanical intervention.
Adapted Methodology for Evaluating EOR Reserves and Resources, Incorporated and Applied at an Oil and Gas Company
Authors: Perdomo Lilibeth Chiquinquira , Alvarez Carlos , Gracia Maria Edith , Salomone Guillermo Danilo , Ventuirini Gilberto , Selva Gustavo Adolfo
Published: October 2021

As other companies registered in the US stock market, the company reports oil and gas reserves, in compliance with the definitions of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, it complies internally with the guidelines established by the Petroleum Resources Management System to certify its resources.

The PRMS focuses on supporting consistent evaluation of oil resources based on technically sound industry practices, providing fundamental principles for the assessment and classification of oil reserves and resources, but does not provide specific guidance for the classification and categorization of quantities associated with IOR projects.

Recently, the company has implemented EOR pilot projects, and their results seem to show commerciality for future development or expansion to new areas, displaying multiple opportunities and proposals to incorporate reserves and resources.

So far, the pilot projects and their expansions have been addressed only from the point of view of incremental projects, as an improvement over the previous secondary recovery.

The company does not have sufficient track record in booking reserves or resources from EOR projects, their quantities have been incorporated following bibliographic references and results of EOR projects with proven commerciality around the world.

For this reason, the need arose to have a tool that provides the company with methodological criteria to evaluate the resources and reserves inherent in this type of project, that incorporate the "best practices" of the industry and that respect the guidelines and definitions of PRMS for incremental projects.

That was how, the need to meet this challenging goal led company to develop its "EOR Resources and Reserves Assessment Guide" with the advice of a renowned consulting company.

Although the Guide is not intended to be a review of the large body of existing IOR literature, it contains several useful references that serve as a starting point for understanding the IOR project for assessment process of resources and reserves.

This document shows the process of development and implementation of the EOR guide, complementing the existing guides within the corporation and providing the company with a positive result within the internal processes of Audit, reserves and resources for this type of projects.
Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Drilling Optimization: Guidelines for Successful System Configuration and User Onboarding
Authors: Creegan Andrew , Roberts Michael
Published: October 2021

The usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the arena of drilling optimization is a rapidly evolving endeavor and is becoming increasingly prevalent. In many applications the goal is process automation and optimization with the intent to reduce cost, improve yield/outcome and address risk. Real-world experience, however, has taught us that the correct application, configuration, and realtime management of an AI system is equally as important as the underlying algorithms.

This paper poses that the implementation of an automated AI drilling system must consider the human element of acceptance in order to succeed. Proper onboarding and user acceptance is requisite to proper system configuration and performance. This paper sets forth guidelines that can be considered standard for initiating an AI drilling program.
Multipolar Fuzzy KU-ideals in KU-algebras
Authors: Alshehri Halimah
Published: October 2021

The notion of an m-polar fuzzy KU-ideal is introduced and its properties are investigated. The relationship between m-polar fuzzy KU-subalgebra, m-polar fuzzy KU-ideal, are discussed.
Estimating evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirement in phonology stages of grape (VitisVinifera) using agro-hydrological model and remote sensing techniques
Authors: Sadeghi SeyyedHadi , Faramarzi Mohammad , Nouri Hamid
Published: October 2021

This study aims to compare the remote sensing (RS) approach and an agro-hydrological model to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) and irrigation water requirement (IWR) in semi-arid region, and the effect of vineyards management and their ages on these parameters. In the study region, after vineyards were classified into three main scenarios based on three vineyards ages (12-15, 15-18 and 18-21 years) and two management approaches (proper and improper management), ET and IWR were determined in each scenario using the Soil-Water-Atmosphere–Plant (SWAP) Model and Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) for the year of 2019-2020 with Landsat8 images. While the accumulated ET calculated with SEBAL was compared with a field water balance, the results showed that without calibration or parameter optimization, the accumulated ET estimated with SEBAL exceeded that computed with SWAP. According to the findings, the most and least RMSE was related to August (1.32) and June (1.26). Analyses of scenarios showed that at the first stage of phonology (bud-break to bloom), the S3 scenario has the most IWR for each pixel (900 m2) by 2.7 m3, and at the second stage (bloom to ripening) and the third stage (ripening), the S1 scenario by 229.5 m3 and 78 m3 has the highest IWR, respectively.
Rabinovich-Fabrikant Chaotic System and its application to Secure Communication
Authors: Ravichandran Kiran
Published: October 2021

This paper aims for the implementation and analysis of Rabinovich-Fabrikant System and its properties where it is found that for the value of parameters having α=0.1, γ=0.077 the system was stable and it was able to Mask any kind of digital signals properly and it showed non-linearity properties which paved the path to secure communication.
FNA Cytological Diagnosis of Breast Metastasis From a Plantar Melanoma: Case Report
Authors: Yang Yan , Yu Xiaomeng , Wang Miao
Published: October 2021

BackgroundBenign and primary malignant breast tumors are quite common, but metastatic malignancies are rare and the diagnosis is challenging due to its low incidence.Case presentationHere, we report a case of metastatic melanoma which was initially diagnosed in breast by fine needle aspiration(FNA). Although the suggestive diagnosis is based on the strong pigmentation of tumor cells in FNA smears, cell block and immunohistochemical melanocyte markers (HMB45 and MART-1) help to confirm the diagnosis. Later, FNAs from lower limb mass and inguinal mass also revealed the same tumor. In addition, a pigmented nevus with the appearance of malignant melanoma was found on the sole of the patient's right foot.Conclusion Our report illustrates the morphological evaluation on cytology，ancillary testing on cell block and meticulous clinical examination play a pivotal role in establishing the correct diagnosis.
One- and Two-Slit Experiments with Photons and Electrons: A Proper Resolution
Authors: Arulsamy Andrew Das
Published: October 2021

We construct proper microscopic propositions to consistently explain the interference patterns obtained for electrons and photons in well-defined one- and two-slit experiments. Our propositions are also made explicit on the basis of quantum mechanics with proper quantitative analysis to support the correctness of the physical mechanisms proposed herein, which obey the wave-particle duality. Apart from that, the microscopic propositions constructed herein can be treated as guidelines in setting up the future experiments such that one can unambiguously support or oppose this strange notion—a quantum particle behaves differently depending upon the number of slit, and where we place the detector such that the particle can sense the detector and the number of slit, before physically interacting with them.
Yield and Fruit Quality Traits of Two Banana Cultivars Grown at Two Locations in Puerto Rico under Black Leaf Streak Disease Pressure
Authors: Goenaga Ricardo , Irish Brian , Marrero Angel
Published: October 2021

Banana (Musa acuminata AAA) is the most exported fruit worldwide and represents a major source of revenue for Central American and South American countries as well as the Caribbean region, among others. Black leaf streak disease (BLSD) or black sigatoka, caused by Pseudocercospora fijiensis (formerly Mycosphaerella fijiensis), is responsible for significant losses to this crop due to the high susceptibility of the most economically important cultivars. BLSD does not immediately kill banana plants, but it causes severe leaf necrosis that results in reduced photosynthetic area, thereby adversely impacting bunch weight and fruit production. Without cultural and chemical control, yields can be reduced by 20% to 80%, depending on severity. This study evaluated ‘FHIA-17’, a BLSD-resistant synthetic hybrid (AAAA), against ‘Grand Nain’, a standard commercial cultivar with no BLSD tolerance, at two locations in Puerto Rico on Ultisol (Corozal site) and Oxisol (Isabela site) soils where BLSD was not managed. Significantly lower bunch yield (45,990 kg·ha−1) and significantly fewer fruit (220,671 fruit/ha) were obtained at Corozal than at Isabela (53,755 kg·ha−1; 380,241 fruit/ha). Lower production at Corozal was the result of higher severity of BLSD at this location than at Isabela and to soil factors interfering with optimum nutrient uptake. Average fruit production of ‘FHIA-17’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Grand Nain’ at both locations, with bunch yields of 68,105 and 72, 634 kg·ha−1 at Corozal and Isabela, respectively. Fruit of the third-upper hand was significantly longer for ‘FHIA-17’ at Corozal but not different at Isabela; however, ‘FHIA-17’ fruit in this hand were of significantly greater diameter. Fruit in the last hand of ‘FHIA-17’ were significantly longer than in ‘Grand Nain’ at Corozal, but of significantly greater diameter at both locations. At both locations, the mean fruit weight was significantly higher in ‘FHIA-17’ than in ‘Grand Nain’. The number of functional leaves present at flowering and at harvest was significantly higher in ‘FHIA-17’ than in ‘Grand Nain’ at both locations, indicating more availability of photosynthetic area in ‘FHIA-17’ during the fruit-filling period. The harvest cycle of ‘FHIA-17’ was significantly longer than for ‘Grand Nain’. It took 315 and 204 more days in Corozal and Isabela, respectively, to harvest three cycles (mother crop and two ratoon crops) of ‘FHIA-17’ than for ‘Grand Nain’. No significant differences were found for starch and soluble sugars in green unripe or fully mature fruit among cultivars. In this long-term study, ‘FHIA-17’ showed to have good production and resistance against BLSD and is a viable alternative to current commercial cultivars. Its relative advantage of reduced production costs by not needing fungicide applications should be weighed against its longer harvest cycle to produce a fruit bunch.
REALISASI KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA INDONESIA SISWA DALAM PEMBIASAAN KARAKTER KOMUNIKATIF DI MTs DARUL HUDA WONODADI BLITAR
Authors: Azizah Rini Nur
Published: October 2021

Abstrak

Kesantunan berbahasa merupakan cara orang untuk menghormati orang lain dalam berinteraksi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) wujud pematuhan kesantunan berbahasa Indonesia siswa di MTs Darul Huda Wonodadi Blitar; (2) wujud pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa siswa di MTs Darul Huda Wonodadi Blitar; dan (3) strategi pembiasaan karakter komunikatif siswa melalui pembelajaran kesantunan berbahasa siswa di MTs Darul Huda Wonodadi Blitar. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik observasi sambil melakukan simak, libat, catat. Data dianalisis dengan model interaktif yang diadopsi dari Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesantunan berbahasa di MTs Darul Huda masih rendah. Hal ini diketahui dari jumlah maksim pematuhan kesantunan berbahasa yang berjumlah tiga maksim, yakni maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, dan maksim kesimpatian. Sementara pelanggaran kesantunan berbahasa yang dilakukan terdapat lima maksim yaitu maksim kebijaksanaan, maksim kedermawanan, maksim penghargaan, maksim pemufakatan, dan maksim kesimpatian. Adapun strategi yang diterapkan oleh guru menggunakan teknik teguran, yakni siswa yang diketahui melanggar kesantunan berbahasa dinasehati agar berbahasa dengan santun.
PERAN GURU BAHASA INDONESIA MTsN DI KABUPATEN TRENGGALEK DALAM GERAKAN LITERASI
Authors: Masithoh Dewi
Published: October 2021

Abstract

The literacy movement should be promoted in the education unit. This is due to the low level of literacy activities, especially students. This study aims to determine the role of Indonesian teachers in the literacy movement and the results of the application of the State Islamic Junior High School Literacy Movement in Trenggalek Regency. The method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The data source is gained from State Islamic Junior High School Indonesian teachers in Trenggalek Regency. Data collection techniques in this research are observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the majority of State Islamic Junior High School Indonesian teachers in Trenggalek Regency had played an active role in the literacy movement and had met the criteria as the pioneers of the literacy movement in their respective institutions. As a good example, Indonesian teachers have a very important contribution in the literacy movement. Although in its application there are also challenges that require Indonesian teachers to find solutions to continue developing literacy to be better in its implementation.
CERPEN ANAK PENYAPU JALAN SEBAGAI MEDIA ALTERNATIF UNTUK IMPLEMENTASI PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER SISWA
Authors: Etikasari Dian , Nurjanah Elen
Published: October 2021

Abstract

As a literary work, short stories have a useful value for the reader. The positive values ​​contained in a short story can be used as an alternative media to develop student character. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the advantages of short stories from the aspect of the theme, (2) the use of language, (3) background, and (4) moral messages. This research use desciptive qualitative approach. The method used is the method of content analysis (content analysis). The data in this study are the sentences in the short story Anak Sweep Jalan. The instrument used in this study was the classification table. The result of this research is the exposure to the advantages of short stories which is the reason this short story was chosen as an implementation of student character development.
Media Cici Drama dalam Pembelajaran Teks Drama Kelas VIII
Authors: Mulyaningtyas Rahmawati , Khasanah Uswatun
Published: October 2021

Drama learning in grade VIII of Junior High School obtains several problems. These problems include students who are less active in participating in learning, intake of students in understanding drama material is low, and the learning media used are less varied. Therefore, teacher creativity is really needed, especially in presenting interesting and effective learning media. Based on that, this article is to study the media design for drama texts learning called "Cici Drama" (Laci Tujuh Kunci Drama). The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method. The objectives of this study include describing the media, the criteria for selecting media, how to make media, how to use them in the classroom, and their strengths and weaknesses. The results showed that the appearance of "Cici Drama Media" had the right visuals and contents to achieve the goals of drama text learning in grade VIII. The way to make the media is relatively easy and does not require large costs. The way to use the media in the class tends to be easy and does not require special skills. For its weakness, this media requires any development by adding a slot on the right side of the main body for use in large classrooms.