bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modulation of oxygen vacancy in tungsten oxide nanosheets for Vis-NIR light-enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen production and anticancer photothermal therapy
Authors: Liang Haiyan , Xi Hongjuan , Liu Shaoqiong , Zhang Xuemei , Liu Haiqing
Published: September 2019

Noble-metal like photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and efficient anticancer photothermal therapy were accomplished by simply tuning the oxygen vacancy of WO3 nanosheets under Vis-NIR light irradiation.
Visible-light induced emulsion photopolymerization with carbon nitride as a stabilizer and photoinitiator
Authors: Cao Qian , Heil Tobias , Kumru Baris , Antonietti Markus , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J.
Published: September 2019

Graphitic carbon nitride is utilized as a stabilizer and photoinitiator for surfactant-free emulsion polymerization under visible light.
Enhancing C2H2/C2H4 separation by incorporating low-content sodium in covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Tao Yuan , Krishna Rajamani , Yang Li Xiao , Fan Ya Ling , Wang Li , Gao Zhi , Xiong Jian Bo , Sun Li Jun , Luo Feng
Published: September 2019

A simple and general method by means of doping low-content Na+ ions into COFs to enhance C2H2/C2H4 separation potential is proposed herein.
Electrochemical properties of TiOx/rGO composite as an electrode for supercapacitors
Authors: Maharsi Retno , Arif Aditya Farhan , Ogi Takashi , Widiyandari Hendri , Iskandar Ferry
Published: September 2019

This work investigated the electrochemical characteristics of TiOx and its composite with reduced graphene oxide.
Luminescence and energy transfer of Tm3+ and Dy3+ co-doped Na3ScSi2O7 phosphors
Authors: Wei Chao , Xu Denghui , Yang Zaifa , Jia Yetong , Li Xiong , Sun Jiayue
Published: September 2019

A series of Tm3+ and Dy3+ ions single- or co-doped Na3ScSi2O7 (NSSO) phosphors were prepared by a conventional solid state reaction method.
Ligand-free iron-catalyzed benzylic C (sp3)–H amination of methylarenes with N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Bao Fengyu , Cao Yuanbo , Liu Wenbo , Zhu Junhao
Published: September 2019

The first biocompatible iron-catalyzed benzylic C (sp3)–H amination of methylarenes with NFSI under ligand and additional oxidant free conditions is described.
Combining a ligand photogenerator and a Ru precatalyst: a photoinduced approach to cross-linked ROMP polymer films
Authors: Trinh Thi Kim Hoang , Schrodj Gautier , Rigolet Séverinne , Pinaud Julien , Lacroix-Desmazes Patrick , Pichavant Loic , Héroguez Valérie , Chemtob Abraham
Published: September 2019

Photoactivated ROMP is harnessed for the single-step formation of cross-linked polymer coatings based on norbornene and dicyclopentadiene.
A novel ratiometric AIEE/ESIPT probe for palladium species detection with ultra-sensitivity
Authors: Xu Zixuan , Zhang Mingshu , Zhang Rui , Liu Shudi , Yang Ying
Published: September 2019

Existing fluorescent probes for palladium (Pd) species detection have revealed their vulnerabilities, such as low sensitivity, poor anti-interference ability and long reaction time.
Controlling magnetism of Au133(TBBT)52 nanoclusters at single electron level and implication for nonmetal to metal transition
Authors: Zeng Chenjie , Weitz Andrew , Withers Gayathri , Higaki Tatsuya , Zhao Shuo , Chen Yuxiang , Gil Roberto R. , Hendrich Michael , Jin Rongchao
Published: September 2019

The [Au133(SR)52]q nanocluster is discovered to possess one spin per particle when q = 0, but no unpaired electron when q = +1.
ROMPI-CDSA: ring-opening metathesis polymerization-induced crystallization-driven self-assembly of metallo-block copolymers
Authors: Sha Ye , Rahman Md Anisur , Zhu Tianyu , Cha Yujin , McAlister C. Wayne , Tang Chuanbing
Published: September 2019

Two most prevailing self-assembly methods, PISA and CDSA, are combined in one metallo-block copolymer system via one-pot synchronous ROMP, yielding crystalline nanostructures in a mild, fast, scalable and controlled manner.
Chiroptical inversion of a planar chiral redox-switchable rotaxane
Authors: Gaedke Marius , Witte Felix , Anhäuser Jana , Hupatz Henrik , Schröder Hendrik V. , Valkonen Arto , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne , Paulus Beate , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: September 2019

Reversible redox-switching of a planar chiral [2]rotaxane with a tetrathiafulvalene-bearing crown ether macrocycle generates a complete sign reversal of the main band in the ECD spectrum, as shown by experiment and rationalised by DFT calculations.
The influence of substituents on gelation and stacking order of oligoaramid – based supramolecular networks
Authors: Drechsler Susanne , Balog Sandor , Kilbinger Andreas F. M. , Casalini Tommaso
Published: September 2019

Self-assembly has proven to be a powerful tool for functional, smart materials such as hydrogels derived from low molecular weight compounds.
Anisotropy effects on the kinetics of colloidal crystallization and melting: comparison of spheres and ellipsoids
Authors: Kao Peng-Kai , VanSaders Bryan J. , Durkin Michael D. , Glotzer Sharon C. , Solomon Michael J.
Published: September 2019

Effects of shape anisotropy on colloids reconfiguration kinetics: crystals of ellipsoids melt at rates 5.7 times faster than spheres.
As above, so below, and also in between: mesoscale active matter in fluids
Authors: Klotsa Daphne
Published: September 2019

What is the collective behavior of mesoscopic (size ≈ 0.5 mm–50 cm) organisms/robots that swim or fly, such as plankton and small insects? In this perspective article we discuss the importance of studying active matter in fluids with finite inertia.
Microparticles with hetero-nanointerfaces: controlled assembly of cobalt hydroxide and nickel hydroxide nanoclusters towards improved electrochemical functions
Authors: Tarutani Naoki , Tokudome Yasuaki , Jobbágy Matías , Soler-Illia Galo J. A. A. , Takahashi Masahide
Published: September 2019

Hybridization of electrochemical functions derived from large hetero-interfaces by assembly of layered metal hydroxide nanoclusters.
Metal–organic-framework-derived porous 3D heterogeneous NiFex/NiFe2O4@NC nanoflowers as highly stable and efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction
Authors: Zhao Jia , Zhang Xu , Liu Ming , Jiang Yi-Zhan , Wang Min , Li Zhao-Yang , Zhou Zhen
Published: September 2019

Metal–organic-framework-derived porous 3D heterogeneous NiFex/NiFe2O4@NC nanoflowers were prepared as an oxygen-evolution reaction electrocatalyst that exhibit a low overpotential of 262 mV and long-term stability of up to 150 h.
Ordered lithiophilic sites to regulate Li plating/stripping behavior for superior lithium metal anodes
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Yan , Pan Guoxiang , Ai Changzhi , Deng Shengjue , Liu Sufu , Liu Qi , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping
Published: September 2019

Ordered lithiophilic MgO sites are rationally constructed to regulate the plating/stripping behavior of Li metal to achieve superior Li anodes with voltage hysteresis of ∼30 mV (0.5 mA cm−2) over 2000 h (500 cycles) without obvious dendrite growth.
Copolymers with both soft and rigid cationic rings as highly selective antimicrobials to combat antibiotic resistant microbes and biofilms
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Liang Shuang , Li Jiangbi , Zhang Shaokun , Zhang Yugen
Published: September 2019

A new series of main-chain copolymers constructed by linkage of both soft and rigid cationic rings demonstrate good biocompatibility, high antimicrobial efficacy and lower propensity to develop resistance against a broad range of microbes.
Insight from the old: mechanochromism and mechanoluminescence of two amine-containing tetraphenylethylene isomers
Authors: Jiang Yuqing , Wang Jiaqiang , Huang Guangxi , Li Zhen , Li Bing Shi , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2019

The mechanochromism (MC) and mechanoluminescence (ML) properties of an “old” tetraphenylethylene derivative p-NH2 and its isomer m-NH2 were investigated.
Can a subgroup at high risk for LRR be identified from T1-2 breast cancer with negative lymph nodes after mastectomy? A meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Gongling , Zhou Zhuohui , Jiang Ming , Yang Fan
Published: September 2019

Purpose: To identify a subgroup at high risk for loco-regional recurrence (LRR) from T1-2 breast cancer with negative lymph nodes (N0) after mastectomy by using a meta-analysis.

Methods and materials: Published studies on the relationship between clinical features and LRR of breast cancer were identified from public databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. High-risk features for LRR in this patient population were defined based on the pooled results of meta-analysis.

Results: For the meta-analysis, a total of 11244 breast cancers with pT1-2N0 after mastectomy from 20 publications were included for analysis. The pooled results indicated that age (hazard ratio (HR) 1.77, P=0.001), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) (HR 2.23, P<0.001), histologic grade (HR 1.66, P<0.001), HER2 status (HR 1.65, P=0.027), menopausal status (HR 1.36, P=0.015), and surgical margins (HR 2.56, P=0.014) were associated with a significantly increased risk of developing LRR in this patient population group, but not for tumor size (HR 1.32, P=0.23), systematic therapy (HR 1.67, P=0.20), and hormonal receptor status (HR 1.04, P=0.73).

Conclusion: In the current study, patients with young age, positive LVI, high histologic grade, HER-2 positive, premenopausal, and positive surgical margins have an increased risk of developing LRR. Further prospective trials are needed to clearly define the role of adjuvant postmastectomy radiotherapy in T1-2N0 breast cancer at high risk of developing LRR.
Mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved treatment effects of Linezolid on severe pneumonia in a rabbit model
Authors: Kong Dexiao , Liu Xia , Li Xiaomei , Hu Jianting , Li Xiaoyan , Xiao Juan , Dai Yibo , He Mingming , Liu Xiaoli , Jiang Yang , Cui Ruodi , Zhang Lihong , Wang Juandong , Li Ai , Wang Fang , Zhang Yuan , Xiao Juan , Wang Wei , Zheng Chengyun
Published: September 2019

The present study aimed to investigate whether co-administration of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and linezolid (LZD) into a rabbit model of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-infected pneumonia would bring a synergistic therapeutic effect. Human umbilical cord-derived MSCs (hUMSCs) were isolated and characterized. A rabbit model of pneumonia was constructed by delivering 1 × 1010 CFU MRSA via a bronchoscope into the basal segment of lower lobe of right lung. Through analyzing vital sign, pulmonary auscultation, SpO2, chest imaging, bronchoscopic manifestations, pathology, neutrophil percentage, and inflammatory factors, we verified that a rabbit model of MRSA-induced pneumonia was successfully constructed. Individual treatment with LZD (50 mg/kg for two times/day) resulted in improvement of body weight, chest imaging, bronchoscopic manifestations, histological parameters, and IL-10 concentration in plasma (P<0.01), decreasing pulmonary auscultation, and reduction of IL-8, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α concentrations in plasma (P<0.01) compared with the pneumonia model group at 48 and 168 h. Compared with LZD group, co-administration of hUMSCs (1 × 106/kg for two times at 6 and 72 h after MRSA instillation) and LZD further increased the body weight (P<0.05). The changes we observed from chest imaging, bronchoscopic manifestations and pathology revealed that co-administration of hUMSCs and LZD reduced lung inflammation more significantly than that of LZD group. The plasma levels of IL-8, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α in combined group decreased dramatically compared with the LZD group (P<0.05). In conclusion, hUMSCs administration significantly improved therapeutic effects of LZD on pneumonia resulted from MRSA infection in a rabbit model.
Mechanism of anti-dementia effects of mangiferin in a senescence accelerated mouse (SAMP8) model
Authors: Du Zhengcai , Fanshi Fangcao , Lai Yu-Heng , Chen Jung-Ren , Hao Erwei , Deng Jiagang , Hsiao Chung-Der
Published: September 2019

Mangiferin (2-β-d-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9H-xanthen-9-one), a xanthanoid, is one of the major compounds isolated from mango leaves and bark fruit. Previous studies have identified several properties of mangiferin, such as preventing microbial growth, reducing oxidative stress and helping reduce risk of diabetes. The aim of the present study is to explore the potential anti-dementia effects of Mangiferin in a senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mouse model. Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that mangiferin significantly improved the learning and memory retention in SAMP8 mice. In addition, mangiferin reduced the damage in hippocampal neurons and mitochondria, and decreased the expression of amyloid-β (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42); however, no influence on the expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) within the brain of SAMP8 mice. Moreover, Mangiferin inhibited lipid peroxidation (LPO). In conclusion, we provided evidences to show that mangiferin significantly restored the learning and memory impairment in the SAMP8 mouse model, and reduced the pathological injury in hippocampal by modulating lipid oxidation and amyloid-β deposition in the brain.
Hypoxia induces rapid, STAT3 and ROS dependent, mitochondrial translocation of RelA(p65) and IκBα
Authors: Ivanova Iglika G. , Perkins Neil D.
Published: September 2019

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors can directly or indirectly regulate many important areas of biology, including immunity, inflammation and cell survival. One intriguing aspect of NF-κB crosstalk with other cell signalling pathways is its regulation of mitochondrial biology, including biogenesis, metabolism and apoptosis. In addition to regulating the expression of mitochondrial genes encoded in the nucleus, NF-κB signalling components are also found within mitochondria themselves and associated with mitochondrial DNA. However, complete biochemical analysis of mitochondrial and sub-mitochondrial localisation of all NF-κB subunits has not been undertaken. Here, we show that only the RelA NF-κB subunit and its inhibitor IκBα reside within mitochondria, whilst p50 is found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Fractionation of mitochondria revealed that only RelA was found in the mitoplast, the location of the mtDNA. We demonstrate that hypoxia leads to a very rapid but transient accumulation of RelA and IκBα in mitochondria. This effect required reactive oxygen species (ROS) but was not dependent on the hypoxia sensing transcription factor subunit HIF1α or intracellular Ca2+ release. We also observed rapid mitochondrial localisation of transcription factor STAT3 following hypoxia. Inhibition of STAT3 blocked RelA and IκBα mitochondrial localisation revealing a previously unknown aspect of crosstalk between these key cellular regulators.
Division in synthetic cells
Authors: Schwille Petra
Published: September 2019

Cell division is one of the most fundamental processes of life, and so far the only known way of how living systems can come into existence at all. Consequently, its reconstitution in any artificial cell system that will have to be built from the bottom-up is a notoriously complex but an important task. In this short review, I discuss several approaches how to realize division of cell-like compartments, from simply relying on the physical principles of destabilization by growth, or applying external forces, to the design of self-assembling and self-organizing machineries that may autonomously accomplish this task in response to external or internal cues.
Today's Graduate Students, Tomorrow's SLPs: Enhancing School Practicum Experiences
Authors: Marante Leesa , Hall-Mills Shannon
Published: September 2019

Purpose

In this article, we describe a standards-driven, workforce-focused model of school practicum offered by an accredited graduate speech-language pathology program.

Method

To prepare more than 50% of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association's membership for the school-based workforce, graduate students require real-life practicum experiences in the schools. Practicum experiences should be standards driven, anchored in the graduate curriculum, and paired with academic coursework to foster the growth of student clinicians' background knowledge prior to engagement in a school-based practicum.

Results

We outline the main content areas and minimum practice experiences that should be incorporated in a school-based practicum and provide suggestions for balancing the requirements across the graduate curriculum. Collaboration with school systems is essential for locating and maintaining high-quality placements.

Conclusion

School practicum experiences provide an important foundation for future school speech-language pathologists to enter the workforce with adequate preparation.
Tinnitus and the Brain: A Review of Functional and Anatomical Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies
Authors: Shahsavarani Somayeh , Khan Rafay Ali , Husain Fatima Tazeena
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The tinnitus patient population is inherently heterogeneous. Although tinnitus often co-occurs with hearing loss and is more frequent among elderly people, it affects all age groups with varying hearing sensitivity. In addition, tinnitus severity and patients' reaction to tinnitus vary across individuals. Regardless of the metrics used to measure tinnitus handicap, on one end of the severity spectrum are the patients who have managed to habituate to their tinnitus; at the other end are those who are extremely bothered by tinnitus, and often have a confluence of related comorbidities of mood disorders. Understanding the neural correlates of tinnitus while accounting for such variations could benefit clinicians, helping them modify and objectively monitor tinnitus management strategies. Brain imaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging, is an excellent tool to study the functional and structural properties of the neural networks involved in tinnitus and tinnitus severity.

Method

In this article, we review studies that employ magnetic resonance imaging-based neuroimaging techniques including resting-state functional connectivity, voxel-based morphometry, and diffusion tensor imaging to investigate underlying functional and structural neural correlates of tinnitus to address overarching dimensions of a person's reaction to tinnitus, namely, audition, emotion, and attention.

Results

We discuss findings from brain imaging studies in the context of theories and models proposed for tinnitus generation and persistence.

Conclusion

These studies have revealed tinnitus-related alteration in the auditory, emotion, and attention neural networks. Future research is required to better understand these changes in the neural circuitry based on tinnitus comorbidities and severity, and to refine existing theoretical models.
Sparsity‐based MIMO interference suppression technique in the presence of imperfect channel state information
Authors: Sedghi Rana , Azghani Masoumeh
Published: September 2019

In this study, sparsity‐based precoding schemes have been suggested to suppress the interference and improve the energy efficiency of a massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system when imperfect channel state information is available. To this goal, the sparsity and joint sparsity properties have been imposed on the precoding matrix for the purpose of boosting the energy efficiency or antenna selection. Moreover, the authors have assumed that only a few of the user's channel vectors have been erroneously estimated in the transmitter side. Hence, the channel estimation error matrix has been modelled as a joint sparse matrix. Adding the maximum transmission power constraint, the authors estimate the precoding matrix through solving a convex optimisation problem. Various simulation scenarios have been conducted, which confirm that the proposed precoding schemes improve the energy efficiency in the massive MIMO system.
Design, analysis and implementation of a generalised topology for multilevel inverters with reduced circuit devices
Authors: Latifi Majareh Seyed Hadi , Sedaghati Farzad , Hosseinpour Majid , Mousavi‐Aghdam Seyed Reza
Published: September 2019

This study proposes a multilevel inverter with optimised structure from switching device number point of view. Configuration of the presented multilevel inverter is modular and extendable. Three different methods are introduced to determine the magnitude of DC voltage sources. Characteristics of inverter topology based on suggested methods are given and compared with each other. Also, the proposed multilevel inverter is compared with some similar topologies in terms of controlled switches, driver circuits, DC voltage sources and total blocking voltage to verify its advantages and probable disadvantages where the results show the superiority of the proposed topology in the comparison items. Selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation technique is applied to achieve output voltage with high quality. Finally, a laboratory prototype of the proposed multilevel inverter is implemented and then, the experimental and simulation results are derived to validate the inverter capability in generating staircase waveforms.
The features of Saaty analytic hierarchy process application for the choice of modernization strategy of energy objects
Authors: Fedorova Natalia
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to identifying the features of application the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) when choosing the modernization strategies to thermal power plant (TPP) subsystems and convert TPP into an energy technological complex (ETC). Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of alternative energy projects are presented. It is shown that the use of optimization methods makes it possible to reduce the influence of the subjectivity of the decision maker (DM) at the upper levels of the hierarchy. The method of parallel hierarchies is proposed, which allows in one model to take into account the influence of non-subordinate tasks and problems of energy production.
Decision Making Support for Selecting Structure of Generating Capacities at Development of Local Power Supply Systems
Authors: Nefedov Alexander , Shakirov Vladislav
Published: September 2019

This paper considers the problem of multi-criteria option selection for the purpose of developing generating capacities for local power supply systems. The authors suggest a 2-stage method of multi-criteria analysis. At the 1st stage one conducts a multi-criteria selection of the most prospective power generation technology. At the 2nd stage one conducts a multi-criteria assessment of options for power station capacity ratio on the basis of the selected efficient technology of power generation. At the first stage the authors suggest a modified method of hierarchy analysis allowing for the decrease in the number of requests to a decision-maker (DM). At the second stage the authors use the modified method TOPSIS with the application of value functions for calculating non-linear change of the DM preferences in relation to the assessment of options by the criteria.
Application of a Volterra quadratic polynomial to modeling elements of heat engineering devices
Authors: Antipina Ekaterina , Spiryaev Vadim , Tairov Emir
Published: September 2019

This paper considers integral models built to describe dynamic processes in a 135 MW power unit condenser. For this purpose, we use a quadratic segment of the Volterra integral power series. The first set of models was built with a perturbation of the cooling water flow, and the second one with a perturbation of the steam flow. For all sets of models, changes in pressure and temperature in the condenser, as well as temperature changes in LHP-1, were considered as a response to perturbation. For models built with perturbation of the cooling water flow velocity, we considered an extreme problem of finding optimal amplitudes of the input perturbations. The results of calculations proved to be sufficiently accurate.
Evaluation of long-term production capacity and prospects of the oil and gas industry of Russian Federation
Authors: Kapustin Nikita , Grushevenko Dmitry
Published: September 2019

The importance of oil and gas industry for Russia is hard to overestimate. Continued leadership in hydrocarbon production and exports are cornerstones for Russian economic and political prowess as well as energy and social security. The key to sustainability of oil and gas production is, first and foremost, the resource base. In this study the authors attempted to analyze production capacity of the contemporary hydrocarbon production projects, both brownfield and greenfield, using the Hubbert linearization approach. The development of several major greenfields and the successful production maintenance at the developed fields provided Russia with record levels of production, even compared to the period of the USSR and created a potential for further production growth up to 2020. However, by 2025 this potential will be exhausted and only tapping into hard-to-recover reserves and Bazhen formation will be able to slow down the inevitable decline in production. This, however, will largely depend on active domestic development of new production technologies. The situation in the gas industry appears more favorable. Massive reserves of conventional gas, primarily in the Yamal Peninsula, provide the means to increasing annual production to over 1 trillion cubic meters. At the same time, even such a base of new reserves is not capable of completely replacing the phasing out of giant deposits of Nadym-Pur-Taz, which leads to the subsidence of production capacity beyond 2035 and the need to develop new and more complex resources.
Stability Operation of Grid Connected Inverter
Authors: Denis Armeev , Roman Chuvashev
Published: September 2019

In the modern electric grid, there is an active penetration of distributed renewable energy sources and energy storage systems, which often require connection by means of electronic converter. Energy sources connected in the grid by means of electronic converter or inverter has large different parameters and operating modes compared to the generation of a traditional one. That leads to a different behavior of such sources in the network. With a large penetration of this kind of generation in the electrical grid, there is a need to revise the principles and methods of design and operation of both inverters and power systems. Otherwise there may be conditions in which it becomes impossible to ensure sustainable power supply and quality of power that satisfy the technical requirements. The goal of the paper is to study the operations of electricity sources connected in the power grid by means of inverter, analyzing the static stability of objects of this kind, as well as studying the possibility of creating algorithms that can successfully adapt such generation objects into a single power system.
Analyzing the potential for using active filters to reduce voltage nonsinusoidality in the electric power supply system of a coal open-cut in Vietnam
Authors: Hung Bui Ngoc , Kovernikova Lidiia I.
Published: September 2019

Coal mining is one of the important economic sectors in Vietnam. Power supply systems of coal mines and open-cuts are complex. They have multiple levels of voltages and different types of loads. New electrical equipment usually works alongside with the equipment that is obsolete and worn-out. Power supply systems of industrial areas of Vietnam where coal is mined are characterized by the low power quality. In Vietnam the indices which characterize the distortion of both voltage and current waveforms have standard values. The article presents the findings upon the analysis of a power supply system of a coal open-cut in Vietnam and the electrical equipment of the coal sorting plant along with the results of the experimental studies of power quality indices and the non-sinusoidal mode parameters. The measurement analysis has shown that the indices of the 5-th and 7-th harmonics of voltage were over the limits. There are interharmonics in voltages and currents. The article analyzes the characteristics of active filters. It is possible to improve the power quality by using an active filter which generates both reactive power to increase the load power factor and harmonic and interharmonic currents to reduce the degree of voltage and current waveform distortion.
Evaluation of technical and economic effect from setup of distributed photovoltaic generation on the Right-of-Way land of the North Caucasus Railway
Authors: Asanov Ibragim , Sharaborova Elizaveta , Loktionov Egor
Published: September 2019

In this work, we consider the concept of using a distributed solar power plant, setup on the right-of-way of the railroad. The proposed solution allows to shave peaks of electricity consumption without additional land alienation, using the existing power grids. The concept includes the setup of solar panels on the alienated land of the railroad. PV can be placed directly on the cross ties using damping elements, on the embankment slopes and on the right-of-way land. This solution allows minimizing the cost of solar panels installation along the railway tracks. The North Caucasus railway was considered to assess the gross, technical and economic potential of the proposed solution. The operational length of the railroad there is 6,472 km. The railway consists of large non-electrified sections, segments powered with 25 kV AC and 3 kV DC. The railroad is used not only for cargo transport, but also for long-distance and suburban passenger traffic. We have considered different scenarios for right-of-way land use rate and have shown that possible project costs could be reduced by ca. 25% by double land use only. This does not include shared electric grid infrastructure use that also should benefit considerably, but is hard to be estimated. While the potential nameplate capacity of such power plants within one region is 10s-100s of MW.
Influence of different temperature regimes at torrefaction of chicken litter on yield and properties of products
Authors: Larina Olga , Pudova Yana
Published: September 2019

The purpose of the research is study the influence of the torrefaction process on the fuel properties of the chicken litter. Experimental studies on lab-scale system at five temperature regimes of torrefaction (220, 240, 260, 280, and 300 °C) with a holding time determined using thermogravimetric analysis were conducted. The products of the torrefaction are solid residue, non-condensable gases, and tar. For the feedstock and torrefied material the elemental composition, the lower calorific value, hygroscopicity limit and bulk density are determined. For liquid fraction the analysis of the chemical composition is carried out. The properties of non-condensable gases as chemical composition and calorific value - are investigated. Mass yields of the solid residue and tar, and specific volume yield of the non-condensable gases are presented. The conclusion about the optimum temperature regime for torrefaction of chicken litter based on the results of experimental studies is made.
An improved technique for identification of mathematical model parameters of thermal power equipment and assessment of its performance
Authors: Kler Aleksandr , Alekseiuk Vitalii , Maksimov Aleksei
Published: September 2019

The problems of state estimation of thermal power system operation and identification of mathematical model parameters have not been acceptably solved due to the complexity of studied objects and their mathematical models, and the lack of effective methods, algorithms and computer programs to solve the required mathematical problems. The results of solving the indicated problems are of importance as such, and play a great part in the qualitative solution to the problems of thermal power equipment control, e.g., the problems of optimal load dispatch among thermal power plant units and optimal control of thermal power equipment operation conditions. The paper describes a technique improved by the author for identification (adjustment, verification) of mathematical model parameters for complex thermal power equipment. The technique allows us to more effectively detect gross errors in measurements of control parameters used for identification of the mathematical model of the studied equipment, to evaluate correctness and rectify errors in the mathematical model construction, and to improve identification accuracy. An improved technique for identification of mathematical model parameters was tested on a detailed mathematical model of the present-day 225 MW generating unit that was constructed by the author. The paper presents results of solving the identification problem of mathematical model parameters of a generating unit and an example of the optimization calculation of the real operation condition in order to reduce specific fuel consumption for electricity generation. In addition, the paper discusses an issue of assessing the identification accuracy of mathematical model parameters of thermal power equipment that depends on the accuracy of measurements of control parameters used to adjust the model, as well as on the correctness of the mathematical model construction and the calculation technique applied.
Image processing for identification of vapor phase on a heating surface under the nonstationary boiling conditions
Authors: Zhevnev Pavel , Khan Polina , Mikheev Alexey
Published: September 2019

The paper presents a two-step approach to identify bubbles and their properties such as average sizes, and nucleation frequency in a two-phase liquid flow near the heating surface under the nonstationary boiling conditions. The first step of the approach, namely bubble identification, is based on the conventional cross-correlation algorithm applied to an experimental image acquired from the high-speed camera using the bubble image templates manually assigned in advance. Further post-processing step uses temporal identified bubble data to evaluate bubble dynamic properties and track the evolution of local vaporization sites on the heating surface.
Cyclic virtual test on wood furniture by Monte Carlo simulation: from compression behavior to connection modeling
Authors: Chevalier L. , Pled F. , Zambou F. , Launay E.
Published: September 2019

Prediction of durability of wood product is a major challenge and an important goal for furniture industry. Numerical simulation based on approximation methods such as the finite element method (FEM) is an efficient and powerful tool to address this challenge while avoiding expensive experimental testing campaigns. Nevertheless, the strong heterogeneity of wood-based materials, the specific geometrical characteristics of wood-based structures (such as furniture that can often be represented as an assembly of beams, plates and/or shells) and the complex nonlinear 3D local behavior near the connections between structural parts may induce some difficulties in the numerical modeling and virtual testing of furniture for robust design purposes. Especially, when cyclic loading occurs, the behavior of junctions in furniture involves a local permanent strain that increases with the number of cycles and that can lead to an important gap potentially affecting the structural integrity of furniture. In this paper, we present an experimental campaign of cyclic compression tests carried out on spruce specimens. Theses specimens are cut out from a bunk bed and loaded under cyclic compression. The cyclic compression loading applied to the specimens leads to an evolution of the permanent strain during cycles that is modeled using a simple law describing the displacement gap as a function of the number of cycles. Considering the strong dispersion in the mechanical properties of wood-based materials and the variabilities induced by the experimental configuration, a stochastic modeling of the gap is proposed by having recourse to the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) principle in order to take into account the random uncertainties on the experimental setup and between the test specimens. The random mechanical response of a complex corner junction in a bunk bed under cyclic loading is then numerically simulated by using a Monte Carlo numerical simulation method as stochastic solver. This provides independent realizations of the random gap evolution (with respect to the number of cycles) in the bunk bed corner, allowing probabilistic quantities of interest related to the random gap, such as first- and second-order statistical moments (mean value, standard deviation) as well as confidence regions (with a given probability level), to be estimated.
Le lidar aéroporté une méthode révolutionnaire pour l’archéologie
Authors: Georges-Leroy Murielle
Published: September 2019

Début 2018, la presse française s’est largement fait l’écho de la découverte au milieu de la jungle, au Guatemala, d’un vaste réseau interconnecté de cités mayas sur plus de 2000 km², grâce à une technologie de télédétection laser appelée laser scanner aéroporté ou lidar. Cette découverte est l’occasion de faire un point sur l’utilisation depuis plus de 15 ans de cette méthode en archéologie.
Comprendre la science du lidar
Authors: Flamant Pierre H.
Published: September 2019

Le LIDAR (light detection and ranging) est une méthode de télédétection optique active. Des lasers de plus en plus performants ont conduit à la formidable expansion des applications LIDAR dans les domaines géophysiques et industriels. On utilise des lasers impulsionnels pour la mesure de distance (télémétrie) à laquelle s’ajoutent des mesures de composition atmosphérique ou marine, de vitesse et de réflectivité des cibles (terrain, végétation, bâti urbain).
„Jetzt ist der Mensch noch nicht jener Mensch“ – Nachdenken über eine
Verhältnisprävention der Adipositas
Authors: Müller Manfred J.
Published: September 2019

Angesichts der Häufigkeit und der begrenzten Erfolge von Verhaltensprävention und
Behandlung erscheint eine Verhältnisprävention der Adipositas notwendig. Die
bisherigen Erfahrungen von tobacco control sprechen für deren mögliche
Wirksamkeit und Übergewicht. Verhältnisprävention adressiert die „Treiber“ von
Lebensstilen; dazu gehören unkontrolliertes ökonomisches Wachstum, soziale
Verhältnisse und Konsumismus. Verhältnisprävention setzt einen breiten
gesellschaftlichen Diskurs voraus; sie ist abhängig von den Prioritäten, welche
wir gemeinsam unter der Berücksichtigung vielfältiger Interessen festlegen.
Verhältnisprävention ist lösungsorientiert und erfordert Konzepte und Strategien
von Public Health anstelle der auf das Paradigma der Energiebilanz und deren
möglichen biologischen Kontrolle fokussierten medizinischen Ansätze von
Verhaltensprävention und Behandlung von Adipositas. Es ist zu vermuten, dass
eine wirksame Verhältnisprävention zukünftig auch die nachhaltigen Erfolge von
Verhaltensprävention und die Therapie der Adipositas verbessert.
Linear stability of confined coaxial jets in the presence of gas velocity oscillations with heat and mass transfer
Authors: Jia Bo-qi , Xie Luo , Cui Xiao , Yang Li-jun , Fu Qing-fei
Published: September 2019

In this work, the linear temporal stability of a confined coaxial jet has been examined in the presence of gas velocity oscillations with heat and mass transfer. The viscous potential flow theory was applied to account for the liquid and gas viscosities. Results suggest that gas velocity oscillations have a destabilizing effect. The forcing frequency restrained the instability in the parametric unstable region but enhanced the instability in the Kelvin-Helmholtz (K-H) unstable region. Heat and mass transfer decreased the curvature of the surface wave directly and enhanced the hydrodynamic force via the phase change. Heat and mass transfer had a stabilizing effect on the capillary instability, and a dual effect on K-H instability without oscillations. Results similar to the K-H instability were discovered when the oscillations were considered. Gas viscosity played a destabilizing role with the effect of heat and mass transfer, especially reducing the critical velocity for the appearance of the instability; moreover, the liquid viscosity had a stabilizing effect for all the cases discussed.
Whole-genome sequencing as an improved means of investigating Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failures
Authors: Buckley Cameron , Beatson Scott A. , Limnios Athena , Lahra Monica M. , Whiley David M. , Forde Brian M.
Published: September 2019

Background Although rare, Neisseria gonorrhoeae treatment failures associated with ceftriaxone have been reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends standardised protocols to verify these cases. Two cases from Australia were previously investigated using N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST), which has been used extensively to assess treatment failures. Case 1 pharyngeal isolates were indistinguishable, whereas Case 2 pharyngeal isolates were distinguished based on an 18-bp deletion in the major outer membrane porin encoded by the porB gene, questioning the reliability of NG-MAST results. Here we used whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to reinvestigate Cases 1 and 2, with a view to examining WGS to assess treatment failures. Methods: Pre- and post-treatment isolates for each case underwent Illumina sequencing, and the two post-treatment isolates underwent additional long-read sequencing using Pacific Biosciences. Sequence data were interrogated to identify differences at single nucleotide resolution. Results: WGS identified variation in the pilin subunit encoded by the pilE locus for both cases and the specific 18-bp porB deletion in Case 2 was confirmed, but otherwise the isolates in each case were indistinguishable. Conclusions: The WHO recommends standardised protocols for verifying N. gonorrhoeae treatment failures. Case 2 highlights the enhanced resolution of WGS over NG-MAST and emphasises the immediate effect that WGS can have in a direct clinical application for N. gonorrhoeae. Assessing the whole genome compared with two highly variable regions also provides a more confident predictor for determining treatment failure. Furthermore, WGS facilitates rapid comparisons of these cases in the future.
Single-molecule and -particle probing crystal edge/corner as highly efficient photocatalytic sites on a single TiO
2
particle
Authors: Wang Wei-Kang , Chen Jie-Jie , Lou Zai-Zhu , Kim Sooyeon , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Yu Han-Qing , Majima Tetsuro
Published: September 2019

Significance

The exposed active sites of semiconductor catalysts are essential to the photocatalytic energy conversion efficiency. Here, we applied a quasi-total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and laser-scanning confocal microscopy to identify the photocatalytic active sites at a single-molecule level and visualized the photogenerated hole–electron pair dynamics on single TiO
2
particle. The experimental results and density functional theory calculations reveal that holes and electrons tend to reach and react at the same surface sites, i.e., crystal edge/corner, owing to the exposed (001) and (101) facets of TiO
2
. These findings offer insights into the nature of photocatalytic active sites and imply an activity-based strategy for rationally engineering catalysts for improved photocatalysis, which could be also applied for other catalytic materials.
Proteomic analyses of ECM during pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression reveal different contributions by tumor and stromal cells
Authors: Tian Chenxi , Clauser Karl R. , Öhlund Daniel , Rickelt Steffen , Huang Ying , Gupta Mala , Mani D. R. , Carr Steven A. , Tuveson David A. , Hynes Richard O.
Published: September 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has prominent extracellular matrix (ECM) that compromises treatments yet cannot be nonselectively disrupted without adverse consequences. ECM of PDAC, despite the recognition of its importance, has not been comprehensively studied in patients. In this study, we used quantitative mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics to characterize ECM proteins in normal pancreas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN)- and PDAC-bearing pancreas from both human patients and mouse genetic models, as well as chronic pancreatitis patient samples. We describe detailed changes in both abundance and complexity of matrisome proteins in the course of PDAC progression. We reveal an early up-regulated group of matrisome proteins in PanIN, which are further up-regulated in PDAC, and we uncover notable similarities in matrix changes between pancreatitis and PDAC. We further assigned cellular origins to matrisome proteins by performing MS on multiple lines of human-to-mouse xenograft tumors. We found that, although stromal cells produce over 90% of the ECM mass, elevated levels of ECM proteins derived from the tumor cells, but not those produced exclusively by stromal cells, tend to correlate with poor patient survival. Furthermore, distinct pathways were implicated in regulating expression of matrisome proteins in cancer cells and stromal cells. We suggest that, rather than global suppression of ECM production, more precise ECM manipulations, such as targeting tumor-promoting ECM proteins and their regulators in cancer cells, could be more effective therapeutically.
Plant evolution and environmental adaptation unveiled by long-read whole-genome sequencing ofSpirodela
Authors: An Dong , Zhou Yong , Li Changsheng , Xiao Qiao , Wang Tao , Zhang Yating , Wu Yongrui , Li Yubin , Chao Dai-Yin , Messing Joachim , Wang Wenqin
Published: September 2019

Aquatic plants have to adapt to the environments distinct from where land plants grow. A critical aspect of adaptation is the dynamics of sequence repeats, not resolved in older sequencing platforms due to incomplete and fragmented genome assemblies from short reads. Therefore, we used PacBio long-read sequencing of theSpirodela polyrhizagenome, reaching a 44-fold increase of contiguity with an N50 (a median of contig lengths) of 831 kb and filling 95.4% of gaps left from the previous version. Reconstruction of repeat regions indicates that sequentially nested long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotranspositions occur early in monocot evolution, featured with both prokaryote-like gene-rich regions and eukaryotic repeat islands. Protein-coding genes are reduced to 18,708 gene models supported by 492,435 high-quality full-length PacBio complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. Different from land plants, the primitive architecture ofSpirodela’s adventitious roots and lack of lateral roots and root hairs are consistent with dispensable functions of nutrient absorption. Disease-resistant genes encoding antimicrobial peptides and dirigent proteins are expanded by tandem duplications. Remarkably, disease-resistant genes are not only amplified, but also highly expressed, consistent with low levels of 24-nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNA (siRNA) that silence the immune system of land plants, thereby protectingSpirodelaagainst a wide spectrum of pathogens and pests. The long-read sequence information not only sheds light on plant evolution and adaptation to the environment, but also facilitates applications in bioenergy and phytoremediation.
The provision and efficacy of peer feedback in blogs versus paper-based writing
Authors: Lira-Gonzales Maria-Lourdes , Nassaji Hossein
Published: September 2019

While the use of blogs has gained increasing popularity among second language (L2) writers, research into their
role in developing L2 writing ability is yet underdeveloped. In particular, investigations into the use and effectiveness of peer
feedback on L2 blogs are limited. The current study sought to fill this gap by comparing the provision of peer feedback in blogs
versus on paper. Participants were a class of ESL students in a TESL university program in Quebec who produced written texts both
in blogs and on paper, received peer feedback, and then revised their texts. Altogether, the findings suggest that while both
blogs and paper can be influential mediums for L2 writing, they may inspire different types of errors, elicit different types and
degrees of feedback, and lead to differences in subsequent revisions.