bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fibril fragmentation generates diversity in seed population
Authors: Pedrola Júlia Aragonès , Todorovska Marija , Singh Shalini , Friedler Assaf , Rüdiger Stefan G. D.
Published: November 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by the formation and accumulation of protein fibrils. The mechanism underlaying this aggregation process remains poorly understood. Fibril fragmentation, resulting in seed generation, plays a role in toxicity. Here we provide a quantitative picture of the impact of ultrasound on patient-derived and recombinant fibrils from various diseases. Fragmentation of recombinant Tau fibrils and patient-derived fibrils from Alzheimer’s Disease, Corticobasal Degeneration and Frontotemporal Dementia generates amyloid and non-amyloid species. Interestingly, patient-derived fibrils are more susceptible to ultrasound than artificial fibrils. Understanding fibril fragmentation and the generation and nature of seeds may provide insights to the molecular mechanism of the disease progression, contributing to the development therapeutic approaches.
Quantification of subcellular RNA localization through direct detection of RNA oxidation
Authors: Lo Hei-Yong G. , Goering Raeann , Kocere Agnese , Lo Joelle , Pockalny Megan C. , White Laura K. , Ramirez Haydee , Martinez Abraham , Jacobson Seth , Spitale Robert C. , Pearson Chad G. , Resendiz Marino J. E. , Mosimann Christian , Taliaferro J. Matthew
Published: November 2024

Across cell types and organisms, thousands of RNAs display asymmetric subcellular distributions. The study of this process often requires quantifying abundances of specific RNAs at precise subcellular locations. To analyze subcellular transcriptomes, multiple proximity-based techniques have been developed in which RNAs near a localized bait protein are specifically labeled, facilitating their biotinylation and purification. However, these complex methods are often laborious and require expensive enrichment reagents. To streamline the analysis of localized RNA populations, we developed Oxidation-Induced Nucleotide Conversion sequencing (OINC-seq). In OINC-seq, RNAs near a genetically encoded, localized bait protein are specifically oxidized in a photo-controllable manner. These oxidation events are then directly detected and quantified using high-throughput sequencing and our software package, PIGPEN, without the need for biotin-mediated enrichment. We demonstrate that OINC-seq can induce and quantify RNA oxidation with high specificity in a dose- and light-dependent manner. We further show the spatial specificity of OINC-seq by using it to quantify subcellular transcriptomes associated with the cytoplasm, ER, nucleus, and the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria. Finally, using transgenic zebrafish, we demonstrate that OINC-seq allows proximity-mediated RNA labeling in live animals. In sum, OINC-seq together with PIGPEN provide an accessible workflow for the analysis of localized RNAs across different biological systems.
“I prefer a doctor on camera than none at all”: Participants’ Perspectives on the Implementation of Integrated Telehealth and Community Health Workers Services to Improve Access to Healthcare in Rural Communities
Authors: Perez-Ramos Jose G. , McIntosh Scott , Wei-Chen Joselyn , Alicea-Vellon Jessica , Rodriguez-Diaz Carlos
Published: November 2024

Background

Rural and isolated communities, such as Culebra, Puerto Rico, face significant healthcare challenges due to geographic isolation, limited medical resources, and socioeconomic disadvantages. Chronic diseases, particularly diabetes and hypertension, are prevalent and contribute to poor health outcomes. Telehealth services (THS) and community health workers (CHWs) have been identified as effective interventions for improving healthcare access in underserved areas. This study aimed to explore the community perceptions and attitudes towards integrating THS with the support of CHWs to enhance chronic disease management in Culebra.

Methods

A Qualitative Research approach involved 20 patients from Culebra’s Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, guided by the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM), to assess community perspectives toward THS and CHWs at individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. Thematic analysis revealed three primary themes: social determinants of health, the role of CHWs, and the benefits and challenges of THS.

Results

Findings indicate that CHWs play a critical role in improving healthcare access by assisting with medical appointments, medication management, and providing emotional support. THS was recognized for its potential to reduce transportation barriers and improve continuity of care, though concerns regarding convenience, technology access, and data privacy persist. The integration of CHWs and THS was viewed positively as a solution to healthcare access challenges, with participants expressing trust in this model for managing chronic diseases.

Discussion

This study highlights the need for further development of THS infrastructure and CHW support to ensure equitable healthcare access in rural areas like Culebra. The combination of THS and CHWs shows promise for reducing healthcare disparities and improving outcomes for isolated populations. Future efforts should focus on systemic changes to address broader social determinants of health, fostering sustainable and effective healthcare delivery in underserved communities.
Heterochromatin epimutations impose mitochondrial dysfunction to confer antifungal resistance
Authors: Fellas Andreas , Pidoux Alison L. , Tong Pin , Hewes Harriet H. , Wallace Emma C. , Allshire Robin C.
Published: November 2024

Global health and food supply are endangered by an increasing frequency of antifungal resistance in pathogenic fungi. Wild-type fission yeast,Schizosaccharomyces pombe, can gain resistance to insults such as caffeine and antifungal compounds through reversible epimutations. Resistant epimutants exhibit histone H3K9 methylation-dependent heterochromatin islands at various chromosomal locations, reducing expression of underlying genes. Two genes whose heterochromatin island-induced repression causes resistance encode mitochondrial proteins: the LYR domain protein Cup1 and the Cox1 translation regulator Ppr4. Genetic mutations,cup1-ttandppr4Δ, that phenocopy their respective epimutants, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, including respiratory deficiency, poor growth on non-glucose carbon sources, and elevated reactive oxygen species. RNA-Seq analyses indicate thatcup1-ttandppr4Δcells activate the mitonuclear retrograde pathway and the Pap1 transcription factor-dependent oxidative stress response pathways. Both mutants show increased nuclear localisation of Pap1 and its recruitment to promoters of genes encoding oxidoreductases and membrane transporters, causing increased efflux activity.cup1andppr4epimutants also show mitochondrial dysfunction phenotypes and increased efflux, explaining how heterochromatin-island epimutations cause drug resistance. Thus, wild-type cells harness epimutations that impose mitochondrial dysfunction to bypass external insults. As mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to antifungal resistance in several fungi, similar epimutations likely contribute to development of resistance in fungal pathogens.
Exact Fisher zeros and thermofield dynamics across a quantum critical point
Authors: Liu Yang , Lv Songtai , Meng Yuchen , Tan Zefan , Zhao Erhai , Zou Haiyuan
Published: November 2024

By setting the inverse temperature β loose to occupy the complex plane, Fisher showed that the zeros of the complex partition function Z, if approaching the real β axis, reveal a thermodynamic phase transition. More recently, Fisher zeros were used to mark the dynamical phase transition in quench dynamics. It remains unclear, however, how Fisher zeros can be employed to better understand quantum phase transitions or the nonunitary dynamics of open quantum systems. Here we answer this question by a comprehensive analysis of the analytically continued one-dimensional transverse field Ising model. We exhaust all the Fisher zeros to show that in the thermodynamic limit they congregate into a remarkably simple pattern in the form of continuous open or closed lines. These Fisher lines evolve smoothly as the coupling constant is tuned, and a qualitative change identifies the quantum critical point. By exploiting the connection between Z and the thermofield double states, we obtain analytical expressions for the short- and long-time dynamics of the survival amplitude, including its scaling behavior at the quantum critical point. We point out Z can be realized and probed in monitored quantum circuits. The exact analytical results are corroborated by the numerical tensor renormalization group. We further show that similar patterns of Fisher zeros also emerge in other spin models. Therefore, the approach outlined may serve as a powerful tool for interacting quantum systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Crystal structure of 1,10-phenanthrolinium violurate violuric acid pentahydrate
Authors: Seidel Rüdiger W. , Kolev Tsonko M.
Published: November 2024

The title compound [systematic name: 1,10-phenanthrolinium 6-hydroxy-5-(oxidoimino)-1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione–6-hydroxy-5-(hydroxyimino)-1,3-diazinane-2,4-dione–water (1/1/5)], C12H9N2
+·C4H2N3O4
−·C4H3N3O4·5H2O, is a co-crystal salt hydrate comprising 1,10-phenanthrolinium cations, violurate anions, free violuric acid as co-former and five water molecules of crystallization per formula unit. The violurate and the violuric acid residues each form distinct N—H...O hydrogen-bonded tapes with a common R
2
2(8) hydrogen-bond motif extending parallel to (103). Solvent water molecules connect the tapes to form a tri-periodic hydrogen-bonded network with channels extending parallel to the a-axis direction, which accommodate the N—H...Owater hydrogen-bonded 1,10-phenanthrolinium cations. Direct N—H...O hydrogen bonds between the 1,10-phenanthrolinium and violurate ions are not encountered.
Perceptions of CSR initiatives as a strategic driver in strengthening relationships among banks and Italian consumers: an empirical approach in the Italian banking context
Authors: Barone Marco , Bussoli Candida , Conte Danilo , Fattobene Lucrezia , Morrone Domenico
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are increasingly prominent in the current agendas of firms, regulatory agencies and consumers worldwide. It is vital for banks to understand how consumers perceive CSR activities, as such activities strengthen their brand equity building. This study examines the relationship between financial consumers’ perceptions of banks’ CSR initiatives and brand equity, identifying a mediating influence of consumer trust and satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to Italian banking consumers (941 valid responses). The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and confirmatory factor analysis.

Findings

Our analysis reveals that consumers’ perceptions of banks’ CSR initiatives directly affect brand equity. Moreover, trust and satisfaction positively mediate the relationship between consumers’ perceptions of CSR initiatives and brand equity in the Italian banking industry.

Originality/value

These findings advance understanding by making a novel contribution to the literature; they also have managerial implications. In terms of literature advancement, we provide new evidence related to a context with specific features, namely Italy. From a managerial perspective, this study highlights the importance of informing Italian customers about and promoting awareness of sustainable activities. In turn, client perceptions affect the banks’ value.
QAGA-Net: enhanced vision transformer-based object detection for remote sensing images
Authors: Song Huaxiang , Xia Hanjun , Wang Wenhui , Zhou Yang , Liu Wanbo , Liu Qun , Liu Jinling
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Vision transformers (ViT) detectors excel in processing natural images. However, when processing remote sensing images (RSIs), ViT methods generally exhibit inferior accuracy compared to approaches based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Recently, researchers have proposed various structural optimization strategies to enhance the performance of ViT detectors, but the progress has been insignificant. We contend that the frequent scarcity of RSI samples is the primary cause of this problem, and model modifications alone cannot solve it.

Design/methodology/approach

To address this, we introduce a faster RCNN-based approach, termed QAGA-Net, which significantly enhances the performance of ViT detectors in RSI recognition. Initially, we propose a novel quantitative augmentation learning (QAL) strategy to address the sparse data distribution in RSIs. This strategy is integrated as the QAL module, a plug-and-play component active exclusively during the model’s training phase. Subsequently, we enhanced the feature pyramid network (FPN) by introducing two efficient modules: a global attention (GA) module to model long-range feature dependencies and enhance multi-scale information fusion, and an efficient pooling (EP) module to optimize the model’s capability to understand both high and low frequency information. Importantly, QAGA-Net has a compact model size and achieves a balance between computational efficiency and accuracy.

Findings

We verified the performance of QAGA-Net by using two different efficient ViT models as the detector’s backbone. Extensive experiments on the NWPU-10 and DIOR20 datasets demonstrate that QAGA-Net achieves superior accuracy compared to 23 other ViT or CNN methods in the literature. Specifically, QAGA-Net shows an increase in mAP by 2.1% or 2.6% on the challenging DIOR20 dataset when compared to the top-ranked CNN or ViT detectors, respectively.

Originality/value

This paper highlights the impact of sparse data distribution on ViT detection performance. To address this, we introduce a fundamentally data-driven approach: the QAL module. Additionally, we introduced two efficient modules to enhance the performance of FPN. More importantly, our strategy has the potential to collaborate with other ViT detectors, as the proposed method does not require any structural modifications to the ViT backbone.
From hard coal mining to a learning space for digitally supported participatory management of biodiversity
Authors: Lud Daniela , Holsteg Kirsten , Gallas Carmen
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to describe the conversion of the former coal mining site in Kamp-Lintfort into a public park and learning space for biodiversity. In 2020, an urban green space was established, featuring various aquatic and terrestrial habitats and a high level of biological diversity in the city centre with broad community support.

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents secondary data of a literature review on participatory management of biodiversity in urban green spaces, with a focus on the sustainability context, participation approaches, theoretical frameworks and the role of education. The example of Zechenpark Kamp-Lintfort (Germany) shows how urban green space development can meet the challenging demands of inner city development while fostering knowledge generation via citizen science and participatory biodiversity management. The study collected primary data on plant biodiversity using a citizen science approach to raise awareness and create opportunities for human–nature interaction.

Findings

Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 is the most important development goal in the context of participatory biodiversity management of urban green spaces. Most of the studies have a place-based focus and integration of local knowledge is the main reason for a participatory approach. The findings show how a green learning space can offer opportunities for digital learning as well as participatory biodiversity management in urban areas. The project lead to an increase in local citizens’ awareness of biodiversity. Based on a literature review, this report identifies challenges and opportunities for establishing a green learning space for biodiversity education. The example illustrates that an urban green space can provide numerous possibilities for citizens and students to get involved and that it can foster the sustainable development of a new urban neighbourhood.

Research limitations/implications

A place-based approach limits generalisability. To overcome this limitation, a literature review was conducted, and the location was compared to two parks with similar site conversion history.

Practical implications

The example of developing an urban green space can inspire universities to take an active role in biodiversity management in urban green spaces, integrating biodiversity into university activities and creating a positive impact in the urban environment.

Social implications

Analysis of studies in the field shows that education deserves a more prominent role in theoretical frameworks.

Originality/value

The study represents an example of transition and citizen-led participatory management of biodiversity from a medium-sized city, transformation processes covering these aspects are underrepresented in literature.
Evolution of financial intermediation and performance consequences in China’s commercial banks
Authors: Huang Ji , Jurin Monica , Tam On Kit , Gholipour Hassan F. , Ren Chao
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study evaluates the evolution from traditional to nontraditional financial intermediation (NTFI) in Chinese commercial banks from 2006 to 2021, analysing its impact on bank performance and risk.

Design/methodology/approach

Accounting measures are used to construct granular activity data, and factor analysis is employed to develop a financial intermediation evolution (FIE) index. The fully modified OLS (FMOLs) estimator is used for nonstationary data analysis, and difference-in-differences (DID) analysis is used for robustness check.

Findings

Chinese banks exhibit unique evolution in financial intermediation compared to developed economies, with greater inter-bank variations over time than intra-bank differences. From 2006 to 2017, three paths were identified: Investment, Fee and Repo models, with a fourth path (the Investment2 model) emerging post-2017. Only the Repo model enhances bank returns (ROA & ROE), while shifts towards NTFI increase liquidity and leverage risks across all models. The evolution of bank business models and their consequent implications on performance and risks are influenced by regulatory objectives and banks’ endeavours in regulatory arbitrage.

Practical implications

Major stakeholders in the banking sector can gain a better understanding of financial intermediation and associated market behaviour, performance and risks, with significant implications for banking regulations and crisis management.

Originality/value

This study provides the first comprehensive overview of the evolution of Chinese commercial banks’ financial intermediation activities over an extended period, uncovering the unique characteristics distinct from the developed economies.
Exploring application of neuromarketing in advertising effectiveness: a bibliometric and TCCM-based approach
Authors: Pandey Tanu , Goel Manya , Kumari Srinidhi , Jha Shankar Nath
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The study was devise to summarizees the underlying theories and concepts in the context of probing effective advertising through neuromarketing.

Design/methodology/approach

The given review has applied a bibliometric analysis to conduct performance and science mapping. We adopted Theory, Context, Character and Methodology (TCCM) approach for conducting systematic literature review.

Findings

The study found that emotion theory was mostly implemented for the related research. The researchers used emotion induced stimuli for measuring responses preferably through electroencephalogram (EEG), galvanic skin response (GSR) and eye tracking (ET). Experimental studies provided more insightful results, despite conducting research on few participants.

Research limitations/implications

Future researchers are advised to perform interdisciplinary research pertaining to the neuroscience and psychology.

Originality/value

The paper provides a thorough understanding of the theories, constructs and methodologies appropriate for conducting experimental neuromarketing research. The existing review papers lack to perform review on TCCM approach in the context of neuromarketing in advertising.
Can informal lobbying be responsible? Evidence from Brussels
Authors: Levasier Julia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study links the notion of responsible strategic communication to the field of lobbying at the European (EU) level. It provides empirical findings on the relevance of informal interaction and communication in EU public affairs (PA). Focusing on functional expectations and uses tied to informality from an actors’ perspective, this study not only includes lobbyists and their attempts to gain influence on political actors but also attempts of lobbyists to control journalistic output through informal relationships and exchange mechanisms. The results are discussed with a view to further inform the concept of “responsible lobbying.”

Design/methodology/approach

Building on a theoretical background from strategic communication, informal politics and interest group research, findings from a qualitative content analysis of 43 semi-structured interviews with actors from PA (n = 27) and journalism (n = 16) at the EU level are reported, focusing on one policy case.

Findings

The study shows motives for establishing and using informality for both actor types. Functional expectations relate to a range of tasks at the core of the respective actors’ day-to-day activities: monitoring political developments, pre-negotiating policy options in protected, confidential spaces with political decision-makers, receiving relevant sectoral background information and “technical coaching” on legislative dossiers directed to journalists.

Originality/value

Studies on lobbying have rarely been conducted from a strategic communications perspective, especially focusing the EU level. Albeit widely accepted, the understanding of lobbying and PA as an informal activity has not been scrutinized by academic research.
Teacher distrust in the school principal: a mental state distinct from trust
Authors: Adams Curt M. , Forsyth Patrick B.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Early conceptual thinking about distrust and more recent neurological evidence reveals that distrust is not the same as low trust. They are distinct mental states, active in different brain regions and shaped by different experiences. We use this evidence to conceptualize teacher distrust in the school principal and to construct a set of hypotheses for empirical testing.

Design/methodology/approach

A correlational research design with teacher survey data was used for the empirical study. Teacher survey data came from a sample of high school teachers in a metropolitan area of a southwestern state in the United States. A total of 801 high school teachers received an electronic survey by email. Useable responses were received from 416 teachers, leading to a 52% response rate. Hypotheses were tested with structural equation modeling in AMOS 28 using Robust Maximum Likelihood estimation.

Findings

The empirical evidence demonstrates that distrust and trust have different antecedents and that these perceptions have opposite relationships with teacher work stress and loyalty behaviors.

Originality/value

This study is a first step toward better understanding the distinction between distrust and trust in school role-relationships.
Acknowledging the role of loss in facilitating employee transition in a partial business acquisition
Authors: Egan Tom , Kelliher Felicity , Walsh Michael
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of a cohort of staff who transferred from a medium-sized Irish pharmaceutical company to a US multinational, while remaining in the same building as their original employers and colleagues. It highlights the role of acknowledging loss when facilitating employee transition and the co-development of a communication and integration strategy in transitioning to a new organisation.

Design/methodology/approach

An exploratory qualitative case study captures the experiences of the senior manager responsible for the business unit transition and a cohort of 32 employees who moved to the US multinational. Conversations between the senior manager (author three) and his academic peers (authors one and two) trace the experience of this team as they transitioned to the new organisation.

Findings

Insights are offered through the transition journey – from the unofficial partial-acquisition offer through to the due diligence period and onto the subsequent implementation of the communication and integration strategy. Findings exhibit a co-developed a communication and integration strategy, revealing a largely successful initial integration of the team into the new organisation.

Originality/value

The paper offers a first-hand account of the steps taken in a successful employee transition to a new organisation following a partial acquisition. It describes how acknowledging loss is a valuable first step in the transition process, enabled by the design and adoption of a co-created communication and integration strategy.
Does good digital business strategy bring good market intelligence and service innovation? Interference of different levels of organizational memory
Authors: Yin Nianwei , Jia Liangding , Long Jing , Liu Longjun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Facing the increasing competition and uncertainty, when and how to improve service innovation performance with the help of digital business strategy has become an important issue for global service firms. In this study, organizational memory level and dispersion are regarded as moderating variables and market intelligence response is introduced as a mediator, aiming at clarifying the boundary conditions and mechanism of digital business strategy affecting service innovation performance.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was conducted among middle and senior managers from 245 service firms in China. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Mplus software for reliability and validity analysis, hypothesis testing and robustness testing.

Findings

Digital business strategy was positively related to the service innovation performance of service firms. Market intelligence responsiveness mediated the positive effect of digital business strategy on service innovation performance of service firms. The positive effect between digital business strategy and market intelligence responsiveness was strengthened when the level and dispersion of organizational memory were moderate.

Practical implications

This study suggests that it is a very effective approach for service firms to initiate digital business strategy to improve service innovation performance. Furthermore, market intelligence responsiveness is crucial because it can help service firms quickly respond to market changes and adapt them accordingly. Managers of service firms should recognize that the benefits of digital business strategy are maximized only when the level and dispersion of organizational memory are moderate.

Originality/value

This study is the first to address the question of how and when digital business strategy drives service innovation performance in the context of digitization. In addition, this study enriches and advances organizational learning theory because it discusses the differential impact of digital business strategy on service innovation performance under varying degrees of organizational memory level and dispersion.
Searching for safe haven assets against American and European stocks during the Russo-Ukrainian War
Authors: Belhassine Olfa , Riahi Montassar
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the safe haven property of several assets against the US and European stock markets during the Russo-Ukrainian War in a time–frequency framework.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses the wavelet-based dynamic conditional correlation-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) methodology and wavelet coherence on daily returns for the S&P500, STOXX600 and 13 possible save haven assets.

Findings

The results show that wheat and corn are the best assets to use as hedges and safe havens for all types of investors. The second-ranked are energy commodities, which are hedges and safe havens for long-term investors. Gold, silver and palladium display hedging and safe haven qualities for medium- and long-term investment. However, cryptocurrencies, the Dow Jones sustainability index and Islamic indices do not act as safe havens for most holding periods.

Practical implications

These findings have significant implications for portfolio investment strategies in times of geopolitical risks.

Originality/value

The contributions of this study are twofold. First, several assets from different classes were analyzed as possible candidates for safe havens. Second, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to analyze safe haven property through different investment horizons for the US and the European stock market indices during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
Phage biocontrol success of bacterial wilt depends on synergistic interactions with resident rhizosphere microbiota
Authors: Franco Ortega Sara , Fields Bryden , Narino Rojas Daniel , Mikonranta Lauri , Holmes Matthew , Harper Andrea L. , Friman Ville‐Petri
Published: November 2024

Phages can successfully be used in vitro and in planta to biocontrol the phytopathogenic Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium—the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease. However, phage biocontrol outcomes are still variable, and it is unclear what causes this. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of four phages in controlled in vitro and in planta experiments in all one‐ and two‐phage combinations. We found that using phages in combination did not improve the phage biocontrol efficiency relative to single phage treatments, while certain phages and their combinations were more effective than the others. High intra‐treatment variability in phage efficiency was observed across all phage treatments, which was associated with clear shifts in microbiome composition, a reduction in R. solanacearum and an increase in phage densities. We further identified the bacterial taxa that were associated with these ‘shifted’ microbiomes and conducted additional plant growth experiments, demonstrating that some of the enriched bacterial species could protect plants from R. solanacearum infections—a pattern which was also observed using partial least squares path modelling (PLS‐PM). Together, these results suggest that phages could open niche space for beneficial bacteria by reducing pathogen densities and that variability in phage biocontrol outcomes is rhizosphere microbiome‐dependent, which can introduce between‐replicate variation, even in controlled greenhouse conditions.
Next‐generation biomarkers for alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment: A critical review
Authors: Clark Shaunna L. , Hartwell Emily E. , Choi Doo‐Sup , Krystal John H. , Messing Robert O. , Ferguson Laura B.
Published: November 2024

This critical review summarizes the current state of omics‐based biomarkers in the alcohol research field. We first provide definitions and background information on alcohol and alcohol use disorder (AUD), biomarkers, and “omic” technologies. We next summarize using (1) genetic information as risk/prognostic biomarkers for the onset of alcohol‐related problems and the progression from regular drinking to problematic drinking (including AUD), (2) epigenetic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD and risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, (3) transcriptomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and (4) metabolomic information as diagnostic biomarkers for AUD, risk biomarkers for alcohol consumption, and predictive biomarkers for response to acamprosate in subjects with AUD. In the final section, the clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.
Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and child development: Role of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms—The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study
Authors: Miyake Kunio , Otawa Sanae , Kushima Megumi , Yui Hideki , Shinohara Ryoji , Horiuchi Sayaka , Akiyama Yuka , Ooka Tadao , Kojima Reiji , Yokomichi Hiroshi , Yamagata Zentaro ,   The Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study Group
Published: November 2024

Background

The role of polymorphisms in genes regulating alcohol metabolism, particularly those modulating the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on the neurodevelopment of offspring, remains inconclusive. Herein, we aimed to determine the involvement of ADH1B and ALDH2 gene polymorphisms in maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of developmental delay in offspring in a Japanese population.

Methods

We analyzed 1727 mother–child pairs from the Yamanashi Adjunct Study of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy was determined through a mid‐pregnancy questionnaire and categorized into three groups: never‐drinkers, those who quit drinking in early pregnancy, and current drinkers. Developmental delays in children were assessed in five domains using the Japanese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition (J‐ASQ‐3) at 3 years of age. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to explore the relationship between maternal drinking status during pregnancy and developmental delays in offspring with respect to maternal ADH1B (rs1229984) or ALDH2 (rs671) gene polymorphisms.

Results

Children born to mothers who continued alcohol consumption during pregnancy had a higher risk of delayed communication skills at 3 years of age compared with children born to mothers who did not drink alcohol (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.84–18.38). Analysis by ALDH2 gene polymorphism revealed that alcohol consumption by mothers carrying the wild‐type ALDH2 (*1/*1) increased the risk of delayed communication skills at 3 years of age, whereas alcohol consumption by mothers carrying a heterozygotic genotype of ALDH2 (*1/*2) enhanced the risk of developmental delay in all five domains of the J‐ASQ‐3. The impact of ADH1B gene polymorphism could not be clearly elucidated.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that alcohol consumption by pregnant females carrying the deficient variant ALDH2*2 genotype may increase the risk of developmental delay in their offspring.
First record of preying behaviour of Achelous spinimanus
Authors: da Silva Alexandre R. , Kassuga Alexandre D.
Published: November 2024

Achelous spinimanus, a species of swimming crab found along the Western Atlantic from the USA to Brazil, inhabits coastal areas up to 90 m deep across various substrates. While these crabs are known to be omnivorous, the extent of their predatory behaviour remains unclear. This note documents the first record of A. spinimanus actively preying on live fish. In the observed interaction, the fish was still alive and moving its operculum and mouth while being eaten. The observation was made during a night dive at Ilha dos Porcos, Arraial do Cabo, Brazil, where a crab was seen preying on a live Malacoctenus zaluari. The behaviour suggests that A. spinimanus may employ sit‐and‐wait strategy, utilizing its strong chelipeds for capturing prey. Such records are crucial for understanding the trophic dynamics and ecological roles of marine species, emphasizing the importance of both scientific and citizen science contributions to biodiversity knowledge. This finding also underscores the importance of further research on the feeding and behavioural ecology of portunids.
Red cell specifications for blood group matching in patients with haemoglobinopathies: An updated systematic review and clinical practice guideline from the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines
Authors: Wolf Julia , Blais‐Normandin Isabelle , Bathla Aarti , Keshavarz Homa , Chou Stella T. , Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Josephson Cassandra D. , Massey Edwin , Hume Heather A. , Pendergrast Jacob , Denomme Gregory , Grubovic Rastvorceva Rada M. , Trompeter Sara , Stanworth Simon J. ,   the International Collaboration for Transfusion Medicine Guidelines (ICTMG)
Published: November 2024

Red blood cell (RBC) antigen matching beyond ABO and RhD is commonly recommended for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassaemia. We present an updated systematic literature review to inform evidence‐based guidelines on RBC matching. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) tool was used to develop recommendations. Six new observational studies (4 prospective, 2 retrospective) were identified. The six studies reported on 583 patients in total, including cross‐over designs, with sample sizes from 10 to 343. Studies were heterogeneous, utilising varying degrees of RBC matching and different definitions for ‘extended’ matching. All reported on alloimmunisation. One study reported on molecular matching. The reported prevalence of alloimmunisation using limited matching was 0%–50% and with extended matching was 0%–24%. Eighty‐two patients were alloimmunised before study entry. The risk of bias across studies was moderate to critical. The guideline panel recommends that ABO, RhDCcEe, and K‐compatible RBCs are selected for individuals with SCD and thalassaemia, even in the absence of alloantibodies, and that RBCs which are antigen‐negative to already existing clinically significant antibodies are chosen. There is a need for comparative research to define the benefit, impact, cost‐effectiveness, and feasibility of extended RBC matching strategies to prevent alloimmunisation.
Methodology and clinical utility of longitudinal UBA1 tracking in VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Gurnari Carmelo , Galossi Elisa , Lumia Eleonora , Piciocchi Alfonso , Divona Mariadomenica , Casciani Elisa , Romano Francesca , Diral Elisa , Tomelleri Alessandro , Caroni Federico , Vitale Antonio , Bergonzi Gregorio Maria , Condorelli Annalisa , Battipaglia Giorgia , Morsia Erika , Crisà Elena , Triggianese Paola , Savi Arianna , Cardamone Chiara , Dragani Matteo , Rivoli Giulia , Pilo Federica , Firinu Davide , Plebani Sara , D'Agostino Francesco , D'Ambrosio Alessandro , Sockel Katja , Papayannidis Cristina , Salmoiraghi Silvia , Pane Fabrizio , Bocchia Monica , Cantarini Luca , Frigeni Marco , Campochiaro Corrado , Dagna Lorenzo , Greco Raffaella , Ciceri Fabio , Spinelli Orietta , Thiede Christian , Voso Maria Teresa
Published: November 2024

Vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic (VEXAS) is a haemato‐inflammatory syndrome genetically defined by somatic mutations in the X‐linked UBA1 gene, typically Val/Thr/Leu substitutions at the Met41 hotspot. Clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and refractory to most haemato‐rheumatological treatments. To date, no guidelines exist for the management of VEXAS, and scarce is the evidence on methodology and clinical significance of longitudinal UBA1 clonal burden evaluation upon therapy. Here, we validated a method to quantify UBA1 clonal burden and explored its applicability in patients with VEXAS. Given the different treatment interactions, droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) may allow for informed therapeutic decisions and implementation of personalized strategies.
Interpreting depositional environments from modern floodplain sediments using optically stimulated luminescence
Authors: Langston Abigail L. , Marcotte Abbey L. , Neudorf Christina M. , Rodrigues Kathleen , Keen‐Zebert Amanda
Published: November 2024

We investigate how luminescence signals imprinted on fluvial sediments vary depending on the depositional environment and vary through time in the same river. We collected sediment samples from four geomorphically distinct locations on the modern floodplain and modern point bar on the Buffalo River in northwest Arkansas, USA, in order to determine if different depositional environments are associated with distinct bleaching characteristics in the sediments. Our analysis revealed that all samples from different depositional environments yielded ages consistent with modern deposition. The samples collected from the floodplain and bar head contained a higher proportion of grains with residual doses, indicative of incomplete bleaching during transport, while samples from the mid‐bar and bar tail appeared well bleached. Our results are particularly intriguing for two significant reasons. First, they highlight distinct equivalent dose distributions in different depositional environments. Second, they shed light on an intriguing relationship: despite generally well‐bleached modern floodplain samples, ancient sediments from corresponding terraces displayed equivalent dose (De) distributions that suggest partial bleaching in some cases. This research contributes to the growing body of work that seeks to establish a relationship between luminescence properties and sediment transport processes and offers valuable insight into how luminescence signals vary locally in modern fluvial deposits, which can help guide the interpretation of older fluvial deposits.
The design of external reference pricing schemes and the choice of reference countries and pricing rules
Authors: Birg Laura
Published: November 2024

External reference pricing imposes a price cap for drugs based on prices in other countries. I study the choice of reference countries and pricing rules in a three‐country framework. If the manufacturer sells to all three countries, the minimum price rule yields the lowest drug price. If the referencing country is sufficiently large, the manufacturer may not export to reference countries under the minimum price rule. External reference pricing creates the incentive for the reference countries also to adopt external reference pricing. Thus, external reference pricing results in price convergence.
Mother–child collaboration in an Indigenous community: Changing and enduring across generations
Authors: Rogoff Barbara , Aceves‐Azuara Itzel
Published: November 2024

Changes in family life related to globalization may include reduction in the collaborativeness observed in many Indigenous American communities. The present study examined longitudinal changes and continuities in collaboration in a Guatemalan Maya community experiencing rapid globalization. Fluid collaboration was widespread 3 decades ago among triads of mothers and 1‐ to 6‐year‐olds in 24 Mayan families exploring novel objects during home visits (Dayton et al., 2022). However, in the “same” situation 30 years later, 22 mother–child triads of their relatives spent half as much time in collaboration among all three people. This aligns with globalizing changes and with the pattern of Dayton et al.'s middle‐class European American families. Nonetheless, the Mayan families maintained harmonious interactions, in line with preserving important cultural values.
Horseradish peroxidase‐catalysed coloration of silk and cotton fabrics with phenols
Authors: Baek Na‐won , Lee Shin‐hee
Published: November 2024

Enzymatic dyeing is an environmentally friendly and energy‐efficient dyeing method conducted at low temperatures, making it an important option for sustainable dyeing processing technology. This study investigated the enzymatic dyeing of cotton and silk fabrics using six phenolic monomers (catechol, hydroquinone, 2‐aminophenol, 4‐aminophenol, 1,4‐phenylenediamine and 2,5‐diaminobenzenesulphonic acid) via oxidative polymerisation catalysed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The research explored the colouring mechanism, functional attributes and dyeability of the fabrics. The polymerisation mechanism of the polymer was elucidated through liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, while the functional and morphological characteristics of the dyed fabric were examined via Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy imaging. The dyed fabric underwent dyeability assessments, including colour depth analysis and various fastness tests. Under mild reaction conditions, nearly all the phenolic monomers successfully dyed both the silk and cotton fabrics using HRP. The dyed fabrics demonstrated enhanced thermal stability and dyeability. However, the cotton fabrics exhibited worse dyeability and fastness than the silk fabrics, with noticeable stains on their surfaces when dyed with certain phenols. These findings underscore the suitability of enzymatic oxidative dyeing for protein fibres over vegetable fibres, as well as the importance of tailoring enzymatic dyeing processes for vegetable fibres.
Utilization of the Liver‐First Approach in Combined Lung‐Liver Transplant Provides Comparable Outcomes to the Traditional Lung‐First Approach: A UNOS Study
Authors: Guo Yizhan , Ryan John , Chan Ernest , Furukawa Masashi , Hage Chadi A. , Sanchez Pablo G.
Published: November 2024

Multiorgan transplantation is offered to a selected group of patients every year. The sequence in which organs are transplanted depends on ischemic time graft tolerance and the sickest organ first strategy. In the case of Lung‐Liver transplantation, lung allografts are usually implanted before the liver. There are some theoretical advantages to a liver‐first strategy and a few centers have reported a series of cases that spark a growing interest in the feasibility and potential benefits of this approach. In this contemporary study of the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database, we evaluate and report outcomes using either strategy.
Diabetes distress and depression in type 2 diabetes. A cross‐sectional study in 18,000 individuals in the Central Denmark region
Authors: Dalsgaard Else‐Marie , Graversen Susanne Boel , Bjerg Lasse , Sandbaek Annelli , Laurberg Tinne
Published: November 2024

Aims

Type 2 diabetes is linked to psychological distress and a doubled risk of depression. This study aims to characterize individuals with type 2 diabetes experiencing diabetes distress and/or depression in relation to lifestyle and metabolic outcomes.

Methods

A population‐based survey in 2020 targeted individuals with type 2 diabetes (aged 18–75 years) in the Central Denmark Region. This cross‐sectional study assessed diabetes distress (using Problem‐Area‐in‐Diabetes‐scale) and depression (via hospital diagnosis and prescribed medication) as exposures. Logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders, compared exposed and non‐exposed groups on lifestyle habits, metabolic factors and medication usage related to cardio‐metabolic risks.

Results

Of 18,222 respondents with type 2 diabetes (46% response rate), 11% had depression, 14% had diabetes distress and 4% had both. Compared to those with neither condition, those with depression were more often smokers (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8; 2.3) and sedentary in leisure time (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.8; 2.2). Diabetes distress was associated with elevated HbA1c (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.5; 2.0) and treatment with insulin (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.6; 2.0). Half with diabetes distress displayed stable blood glucose levels. Those with both conditions had a higher risk of sedentary behaviour (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 2.3; 3.2), clinical insomnia (OR: 6.5, 95% CI: 5.5; 7.7) and low self‐rated health (OR: 7.5, 95% CI: 6.3; 9.0) than those with either psychological condition in isolation.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing distinct features and risk factors associated with diabetes distress and depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Tailored care strategies for comorbid mental health issues are crucial for comprehensive management.