bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inflammation in atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and mechanisms
Authors: Ajoolabady Amir , Pratico Domenico , Lin Ling , Mantzoros Christos S. , Bahijri Suhad , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Ren Jun
Published: November 2024

Atherosclerosis imposes a heavy burden on cardiovascular health due to its indispensable role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) such as coronary artery disease and heart failure. Ample clinical and experimental evidence has corroborated the vital role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Hence, the demand for preclinical research into atherosclerotic inflammation is on the horizon. Indeed, the acquisition of an in-depth knowledge of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis should allow us to identify novel therapeutic targets with translational merits. In this review, we aimed to critically discuss and speculate on the recently identified molecular and cellular mechanisms of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Moreover, we delineated various signaling cascades and proinflammatory responses in macrophages and other leukocytes that promote plaque inflammation and atherosclerosis. In the end, we highlighted potential therapeutic targets, the pros and cons of current interventions, as well as anti-inflammatory and atheroprotective mechanisms.
The long noncoding RNA ELFN1-AS1 promotes gastric cancer growth and metastasis by interacting with TAOK1 to inhibit the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Yuanhang , Shen Kuan , Cheng Quan , Zhou Xinyi , Liu Kanghui , Xiao Jian , Hu Li
Published: November 2024

Gastric cancer (GC) is a common digestive malignancy that causes numerous cancer-related deaths. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the development of various tumors, including GC. In this study, we revealed that ELFN1-AS1, a lncRNA with aberrantly high expression, contributes to the proliferation and metastasis of GC. Mechanically, ELFN1-AS1 plays an oncogenic role by binding to the protein kinase domain of thousand and one amino acid protein kinase (TAOK1), a tumor suppressor in GC, and disrupting the TAOK1-STK3 interaction, leading to decreased STK3 phosphorylation. This decrease is accompanied by attenuation of the Hippo kinase cascade, resulting in reduced YAP1 phosphorylation, a crucial effector of the Hippo signaling pathway. Subsequently, the reduced YAP1 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear translocation, thereby enhancing the expression of MYC, a downstream target of the pathway and well-known oncogene. Taken together, the ELFN1-AS1/TAOK1/STK3/YAP1 axis may promote GC progression and is a promising target for GC treatment.
Advances in smart nanotechnology-supported photodynamic therapy for cancer
Authors: Li Guangyao , Wang Cong , Jin Binghui , Sun Tao , Sun Kang , Wang Shuang , Fan Zhe
Published: November 2024

Cancer has emerged as a formidable challenge in the 21st century, impacting society, public health, and the economy. Conventional cancer treatments often exhibit limited efficacy and considerable side effects, particularly in managing the advanced stages of the disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a contemporary non-invasive therapeutic approach, employs photosensitizers (PS) in conjunction with precise light wavelengths to selectively target diseased tissues, inducing the generation of reactive oxygen species and ultimately leading to cancer cell apoptosis. In contrast to conventional therapies, PDT presents a lower incidence of side effects and greater precision in targeting. The integration of intelligent nanotechnology into PDT has markedly improved its effectiveness, as evidenced by the remarkable synergistic antitumor effects observed with the utilization of multifunctional nanoplatforms in conjunction with PDT. This paper provides a concise overview of the principles underlying PS and PDT, while also delving into the utilization of nanomaterial-based PDT in the context of cancer treatment.
Nonvesicular lipid transfer drives myelin growth in the central nervous system
Authors: Wu Jianping , Kislinger Georg , Duschek Jerome , Durmaz Ayşe Damla , Wefers Benedikt , Feng Ruoqing , Nalbach Karsten , Wurst Wolfgang , Behrends Christian , Schifferer Martina , Simons Mikael
Published: November 2024

Oligodendrocytes extend numerous cellular processes that wrap multiple times around axons to generate lipid-rich myelin sheaths. Myelin biogenesis requires an enormously productive biosynthetic machinery for generating and delivering these large amounts of newly synthesized lipids. Yet, a complete understanding of this process remains elusive. Utilizing volume electron microscopy, we demonstrate that the oligodendroglial endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is enriched in developing myelin, extending into and making contact with the innermost myelin layer where growth occurs. We explore the possibility of transfer of lipids from the ER to myelin, and find that the glycolipid transfer protein (GLTP), implicated in nonvesicular lipid transport, is highly enriched in the growing myelin sheath. Mice with a specific knockout of Gltp in oligodendrocytes exhibit ER pathology, hypomyelination and a decrease in myelin glycolipid content. In summary, our results demonstrate a role for nonvesicular lipid transport in CNS myelin growth, revealing a cellular pathway in developmental myelination.
Metabolomic signatures associated with fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age: a systematic review
Authors: Conde-Agudelo Agustin , Villar Jose , Risso Milagros , Papageorghiou Aris T. , Roberts Lee D. , Kennedy Stephen H.
Published: November 2024

The pathways involved in the pathophysiology of fetal growth restriction (FGR) and small for gestational age (SGA) are incompletely understood. We conduct a systematic review to identify metabolomic signatures in maternal and newborn tissues and body fluids samples associated with FGR/SGA. Here, we report that 825 non-duplicated metabolites were significantly altered across the 48 included studies using 10 different human biological samples, of which only 56 (17 amino acids, 12 acylcarnitines, 11 glycerophosphocholines, six fatty acids, two hydroxy acids, and eight other metabolites) were significantly and consistently up- or down-regulated in more than one study. Three amino acid metabolism-related pathways and one related with lipid metabolism are significantly associated with FGR and/or SGA: biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in umbilical cord blood, and phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism in newborn dried blood spot. Significantly enriched metabolic pathways were not identified in the remaining biological samples. Whether these metabolites are in the causal pathways or are biomarkers of fetal nutritional deficiency needs to be explored in large, well-phenotyped cohorts.
Spin-photon entanglement with direct photon emission in the telecom C-band
Authors: Laccotripes P. , Müller T. , Stevenson R. M. , Skiba-Szymanska J. , Ritchie D. A. , Shields A. J.
Published: November 2024

Quantum networks, relying on the distribution of quantum entanglement between remote locations, have the potential to transform quantum computation and secure long-distance quantum communication. However, a fundamental ingredient for fibre-based implementations of such networks, namely entanglement between a single spin and a photon directly emitted at telecom wavelengths, has been unattainable so far. Here, we use a negatively charged exciton in an InAs/InP quantum dot to implement an optically active spin qubit taking advantage of the lowest-loss transmission window, the telecom C-band. We investigate the coherent interactions of the spin-qubit system under resonant excitation, demonstrating high fidelity spin initialisation and coherent control using picosecond pulses. We further use these tools to measure the coherence of a single, undisturbed electron spin in our system. Finally, we demonstrate spin-photon entanglement in a solid-state system with entanglement fidelity F = 80.07 ± 2.9%, more than 10 standard deviations above the classical limit.
Fate of methane in canals draining tropical peatlands
Authors: Perryman Clarice R. , Bowen Jennifer C. , Shahan Julie , Silviani P.A.B Desi , Dayanti Erin , Andriyani Yulita , Asyhari Adibtya , Gangga Adi , Novita Nisa , Anshari Gusti Z. , Hoyt Alison M.
Published: November 2024

Tropical wetlands and freshwaters are major contributors to the growing atmospheric methane (CH4) burden. Extensive peatland drainage has lowered CH4 emissions from peat soils in Southeast Asia, but the canals draining these peatlands may be hotspots of CH4 emissions. Alternatively, CH4 oxidation (consumption) by methanotrophic microorganisms may attenuate emissions. Here, we used laboratory experiments and a synoptic survey of the isotopic composition of CH4 in 34 canals across West Kalimantan, Indonesia to quantify the proportion of CH4 that is consumed and therefore not emitted to the atmosphere. We find that CH4 oxidation mitigates 76.4 ± 12.0% of potential canal emissions, reducing emissions by ~70 mg CH4 m−2 d−1. Methane consumption also significantly impacts the stable isotopic fingerprint of canal CH4 emissions. As canals drain over 65% of peatlands in Southeast Asia, our results suggest that CH4 oxidation significantly influences landscape-scale CH4 emissions from these ecosystems.
Dosage-sensitive maternal siRNAs determine hybridization success in Capsella
Authors: Dziasek Katarzyna , Santos-González Juan , Wang Kai , Qiu Yichun , Zhu Jiali , Rigola Diana , Nijbroek Koen , Köhler Claudia
Published: November 2024

Hybrid seed failure arising from wide crosses between plant species is a recurring obstacle in plant breeding, impeding the transfer of desirable traits. This postzygotic reproductive barrier primarily occurs in the endosperm, a tissue that nourishes the embryo and functions similarly to the placenta in mammals. We found that incompatible seeds show a loss of DNA methylation and chromatin condensation in the endosperm, similar to seeds lacking maternal RNA polymerase IV activity. This similarity is linked to a decrease in small interfering RNAs in the endosperm (sirenRNAs), maternal RNA polymerase IV-dependent short interfering RNAs that regulate DNA methylation. Several AGAMOUS-like MADS-box transcription factor genes (AGLs), key regulators of endosperm development, are targeted by sirenRNAs in cis and in trans. This finding aligns with the enrichment of AGL target genes among deregulated genes. We propose that hybrid seed failure results from reduced maternal sirenRNAs combined with increased AGL expression, leading to abnormal gene regulation in the endosperm.
Specialized post-arterial capillaries facilitate adult bone remodelling
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Vishal , Sivaraj Kishor K. , Jeong Hyun-Woo , Bovay Esther , Dharmalingam Backialakshmi , Bixel M. Gabriele , Dinh Van Vuong , Petkova Milena , Paredes Ugarte Isidora , Kuo Yi-Tong , Gurusamy Malarvizhi , Raftrey Brian , Chu Nelson Tsz Long , Das Soumyashree , Rios Coronado Pamela E. , Stehling Martin , Sävendahl Lars , Chagin Andrei S. , Mäkinen Taija , Red-Horse Kristy , Adams Ralf H.
Published: November 2024

The vasculature of the skeletal system is crucial for bone formation, homoeostasis and fracture repair, yet the diversity and specialization of bone-associated vessels remain poorly understood. Here we identify a specialized type of post-arterial capillary, termed type R, involved in bone remodelling. Type R capillaries emerge during adolescence around trabecular bone, possess a distinct morphology and molecular profile, and are associated with osteoprogenitors and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Endothelial cell-specific overexpression of the transcription factor DACH1 in postnatal mice induces a strong increase in arteries and type R capillaries, leading to local metabolic changes and enabling trabecular bone formation in normally highly hypoxic areas of the diaphysis. Indicating potential clinical relevance of type R capillaries, these vessels respond to anti-osteoporosis treatments and emerge during ageing inside porous structures that are known to weaken compact bone. Our work outlines fundamental principles of vessel specialization in the developing, adult and ageing skeletal system.
TYK2 regulates tau levels, phosphorylation and aggregation in a tauopathy mouse model
Authors: Kim Jiyoen , Tadros Bakhos , Liang Yan Hong , Kim Youngdoo , Lasagna-Reeves Cristian , Sonn Jun Young , Chung Dah-eun Chloe , Hyman Bradley , Holtzman David M. , Zoghbi Huda Yahya
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer’s disease is one of at least 26 diseases characterized by tau-positive accumulation in neurons, glia or both. However, it is still unclear what modifications cause soluble tau to transform into insoluble aggregates. We previously performed genetic screens that identified tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as a candidate regulator of tau levels. Here we verified this finding and found that TYK2 phosphorylates tau at tyrosine 29 (Tyr29) leading to its stabilization and promoting its aggregation in human cells. We discovered that TYK2-mediated Tyr29 phosphorylation interferes with autophagic clearance of tau. We also show that TYK2-mediated phosphorylation of Tyr29 facilitates pathological tau accumulation in P301S tau-transgenic mice. Furthermore, knockdown of Tyk2 reduced total tau and pathogenic tau levels and rescued gliosis in a tauopathy mouse model. Collectively, these data suggest that partial inhibition of TYK2 could thus be a strategy to reduce tau levels and toxicity.
The impact of retirement on loneliness in Europe
Authors: Guthmuller Sophie , Heger Dörte , Hollenbach Johannes , Werbeck Anna
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the short- and long-term impacts of retirement on loneliness using panel data from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe. To identify causal effects, we exploit differences in retirement rules across and within countries and use retirement thresholds in an instrumental variable setting. On average, we find that entering retirement leads to a reduction in loneliness in the long run and no clear effect in the short run. The reduction is driven by individuals being less likely to feel socially isolated and lacking companionship. Our results suggest that individuals adapt to retirement by increasing their activity levels and reap the benefits in terms of reduced loneliness and social isolation. The heterogeneity analysis shows that this is particularly true among the higher educated. The heterogeneity analysis also reveals that retirement increases feelings of loneliness for women in the short term and that the effect seems to be driven by women lacking companionship when their partner is not yet retired.
Insecticide resistance and population structure of the invasive malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, from Fiq, Ethiopia
Authors: Samake Jeanne N. , Yared Solomon , Hassen Mussie Abdosh , Zohdy Sarah , Carter Tamar E.
Published: November 2024

Anopheles stephensi invasion in Ethiopia poses a risk of increased malaria disease burden in the region. Thus, understanding the insecticide resistance profile and population structure of the recently detected An. stephensi population in Fiq, Ethiopia, is critical to inform vector control to stop the spread of this invasive malaria species in the country. Following entomological surveillance for An. stephensi in Fiq, Somali region, Ethiopia, we confirmed the presence of An. stephensi morphologically and molecularly in Fiq. Characterization of larval habitats and insecticide susceptibility tests revealed that Fiq An. stephensi is most often found in artificial containers and is resistant to most adult insecticides tested (organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids) except for pirimiphos-methyl and PBO-pyrethroids. However, the immature larval stage was susceptible to temephos. Further comparative genomic analyses with previous An. stephensi populations from Ethiopia using 1704 biallelic SNPs revealed genetic relatedness between Fiq An. stephensi and east-central Ethiopia An. stephensi populations, particularly Jigjiga An. stephensi. Our findings of the insecticide resistance profile, coupled with the likely source population of Fiq An. stephensi, can inform vector control strategies against this malaria vector in Fiq and Jigjiga to limit further spread out of these two locations to other parts of the country and continent.
Effect of tibiofemoral alignment on simulated knee contact forces during gait in mechanically and kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty patients
Authors: John Stefanie , Bierwirth Torm , Nebel Dennis , Einfeldt Ann-Kathrin , Jakubowitz Eike , Tücking Lars-René , Savov Peter , Ettinger Max , Windhagen Henning , Hurschler Christof , Schwarze Michael
Published: November 2024

The goal of the study was to apply a musculoskeletal knee model that considers individual tibiofemoral alignment (TFA) and to investigate its effect on knee contact force (KCF) during gait in mechanically (MA) and kinematically aligned (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. Total, medial, and lateral KCF was estimated from pre- and postoperative gait data of TKA patients (MA: n = 26, KA: n = 22). Preoperative KCF was compared between the generic and the adapted model using t-tests and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). The TFA-adapted model was then used to analyze pre- to postoperative differences in MA and KA patients. The factor of TFA increased estimates of KCF during the stance phase and led to higher peak contact forces (3–5%, p < 0.05). SPM analyses of pre- to postoperative KCF revealed no significant differences across the gait cycle, however, postoperative peak KCF was significantly increased in both groups (10–18%, p < 0.05). No group differences were observed when comparing KCF between MA and KA patients. Integrating TFA into the model led to higher estimations of KCF. Applying the adapted model, pre- to postoperative differences in KCF were the same for both TKA groups suggesting that both alignment techniques had comparable effects on knee loading post-TKA.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment for predicting postoperative delirium in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Alhammadi Eman , Kuhlmann Julian Max , Rana Majeed , Frohnhofen Helmut , Moellmann Henriette Louise ,   Nonauthor Collaborator (Data Collection), Mevissen Anica , Rahm Louisa Katharina , Olbrich Philipp , Boulghoudan Soufian
Published: November 2024

Identifying high-risk patients for developing postoperative delirium (POD) is essential for optimizing the medical field’s human and financial resources through specialty-relevant geriatric assessments that can aid in establishing prehabilitation strategies. This study aims to identify geriatric screening tools to predict preoperative delirium and explore the high-risk elderly patients undergoing oral maxillofacial surgery. A comprehensive geriatric assessment encompassing 23 instruments was used to evaluate inpatients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia, preoperatively and postoperatively. Selective intraoperative and postoperative variables were also assessed for their relation to POD occurrence. This prospective study included 90 patients (mean age 79.0 years) from August 2022 to August 2023. The POD rate in this cohort was (8.9% n = 8). The Clock-Drawing Test (CDT) was significantly associated with POD occurrence (p = 0.005). Significant associations were found between POD occurrence and operation type (p = 0.018), duration (p = 0.026), length of stay ( p = 0.002), and postoperative hemoglobin levels (p = 0.027). This study highlights the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessments in predicting POD in elderly patients. Future research should build on these findings to enhance preoperative care strategies and improve outcomes.

Trial registration: German Register of Clinical Studies, DRKSID DRKS00028614.
Evaluation of liquefaction potential in central Taiwan using random forest method
Authors: Liu Chih-Yu , Ku Cheng-Yu , Chiu Yu-Jia , Wu Ting-Yuan
Published: November 2024

Liquefaction is a significant geotechnical hazard in seismically active regions like Taiwan, threatening infrastructure and public safety. Accurate prediction models are essential for assessing soil susceptibility to liquefaction during seismic events. This study evaluates liquefaction potential in central Taiwan using the random forest (RF) method. The RF models were developed with a dataset of 540 soil and seismic parameter sets, including depth, effective and total overburden stresses, SPT-N values, fine soil content, earthquake magnitude, peak ground acceleration, and historical liquefaction occurrences. Rigorous validation techniques, such as cross-validation and comparisons with observed liquefaction events, confirm the RF model’s effectiveness, achieving an accuracy of 98.89%. The model also quantifies predictor importance, revealing that the SPT-N value is the most critical soil factor, while peak ground acceleration is the key seismic factor for liquefaction prediction. Notably, the RF model outperforms simplified procedures in accuracy, even with fewer input factors. Our case studies show that an accuracy of over 95% can still be achieved, highlighting the RF model’s superior performance compared to conventional methods, which struggle to reach similar levels.
Exploring mortality risk factors and specific causes of death within 30 days after hip fracture hospitalization
Authors: Wu Cheng-Yi , Tsai Ching-Fang , Hsu Yueh-Han , Yang Hsin-Yi
Published: November 2024

This study examined the sex-specific mortality risk and causes of death soon after hip fracture in Taiwan. The objective of this study was to evaluate the 30-day mortality risk and cause of death in patients with hip fracture and identify its associated risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan from 2000 to 2015. This study included patients aged 50 years or older who were admitted to a hospital with a hip fracture diagnosis for the first time. Of 285,891 patients hospitalized for their first hip fracture, 8,505 (2.98%) died within 30 days. The mortality risk of hip fracture declined from 3.76% in 2000 to 2.92% in 2015. Circulatory system diseases like ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were the most common cause of death and accounted for 22% of deaths within 30 days after fracture. Accidents and unintentional injuries caused 18% of deaths, followed by malignant neoplasms in 10% of deaths. Multivariate Cox regression identified older age, male sex, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), suburban or rural residence, and lower income as risk factors for hip fracture mortality. The 30-day mortality risk of hip fractures has decreased but remains correlated with male sex, older age, and comorbidities. Circulatory diseases were the main cause of death. Early identification and treatment by experienced clinicians may optimize outcomes, minimize complications, and reduce mortality risk in the 30 days following hip fracture.
The N-terminal region of DNMT3A engages the nucleosome surface to aid chromatin recruitment
Authors: Wapenaar Hannah , Clifford Gillian , Rolls Willow , Pasquier Moira , Burdett Hayden , Zhang Yujie , Deák Gauri , Zou Juan , Spanos Christos , Taylor Mark R D , Mills Jacquie , Watson James A , Kumar Dhananjay , Clark Richard , Das Alakta , Valsakumar Devisree , Bramham Janice , Voigt Philipp , Sproul Duncan , Wilson Marcus D
Published: November 2024

DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) plays a critical role in establishing and maintaining DNA methylation patterns in vertebrates. Here we structurally and biochemically explore the interaction of DNMT3A1 with diverse modified nucleosomes indicative of different chromatin environments. A cryo-EM structure of the full-length DNMT3A1-DNMT3L complex with a H2AK119ub nucleosome reveals that the DNMT3A1 ubiquitin-dependent recruitment (UDR) motif interacts specifically with H2AK119ub and makes extensive contacts with the core nucleosome histone surface. This interaction facilitates robust DNMT3A1 binding to nucleosomes, and previously unexplained DNMT3A disease-associated mutations disrupt this interface. Furthermore, the UDR-nucleosome interaction synergises with other DNMT3A chromatin reading elements in the absence of histone ubiquitylation. H2AK119ub does not stimulate DNMT3A DNA methylation activity, as observed for the previously described H3K36me2 mark, which may explain low levels of DNA methylation on H2AK119ub marked facultative heterochromatin. This study highlights the importance of multivalent binding of DNMT3A to histone modifications and the nucleosome surface and increases our understanding of how DNMT3A1 chromatin recruitment occurs.
Redox nanodrugs alleviate chronic kidney disease by reducing inflammation and regulating ROS
Authors: Wang Qin , Nie Xuedan , Song Yifan , Qiu Haiyan , Chen Liting , Zhu He , Zhang Xueli , Yang Mengru , Xu Xiaohui , Chen Peidan , Zhang Chao , Xu Jia , Ren Yeping , Shang Wenting
Published: November 2024

A novel ultrasmall redox-active nanodrug (Tac@C-Mn3O4) protected mitochondria, scavenged excess ROS, maintained cellular redox homeostasis, and inhibited the oversecretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby restoring renal function.
Interlayer spacing expansion for V2O5 towards ultra-stable zinc anode-based flexible electrochromic displays in Zn2+/Li+-PC organic electrolyte
Authors: Li Zhe , Song Zhaoyang , Liu Linhua , Yu William W. , Chen Jingwei , Zhu Qianqian , Li Haizeng
Published: November 2024

In situ polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene within the V2O5 interlayers can increase layer spacing and structural stability, and dramatically improve its structural stability and electrochemical kinetics for flexible electrochromic display.
Rare-earth oxychalcogenide Eu2ZnGe2OS6: a phase-matching infrared nonlinear optical material with [GeOS3] units
Authors: Wang Guili , Wu Wentian , Li Chunxiao , Yao Jiyong
Published: November 2024

A new rare-earth oxychalcogenide Eu2ZnGe2OS6 with mixed-anion [GeOS3] units was successfully designed, synthesized, and investigated as an infrared nonlinear optical crystal.
An ionic-liquid functionalized metal–organic framework and its high performance as a solid electrolyte for lithium-ion conduction
Authors: Cui Xiang Kun , Ding Yu , Feng Li , Chen Li Ming , Hu Yang Mei , Chen Hui , Wan Chong Qing
Published: November 2024

A crystalline ILLi-MOF with an ionic liquid (ILLi) covalently bonded to the UiO-67 framework acts as a type of high-performance solid-state Li+ electrolyte with high ion conductivities and transference numbers within a wide temperature range.
Environmental application of dicarboxylated hairy cellulose crosslinked with calcium for removal and confining of Pb(ii)
Authors: Montesinos-Vázquez T. , Galan-Vidal Carlos Andres , Rojas-Lima Susana , Rodríguez José A. , Páez-Hernández Ma. Elena
Published: November 2024

DCCa is a cellulose based biopolymer which was used for the first time for removal of lead from simulated wastewater. DCCa has shown remarkable Pb(ii) sorption capacity which makes it a competitive material for lead removal and confining.
Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JM053 alleviates osteoporosis in rats by increasing the content of soy isoflavone aglycones in fermented soymilk
Authors: Zheng Yaping , Cheng Shasha , Li Hongxuan , Sun Yilin , Guo Ling , Man Chaoxin , Zhang Yu , Zhang Wei , Jiang Yujun
Published: November 2024

Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JM053 has the ability to convert soy isoflavone aglycones highly and can be used for fermented soymilk to alleviate osteoporosis.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of copper-loaded polyamidoxime brushes as an efficient catalytic system for nitroarene reduction
Authors: Taimur Shaista , Rehman Shajia , Ellahi Mujtaba , Rizwan Syed , Razzaq Humaira , Yasin Tariq
Published: November 2024

The novel aspect of this research is that sepiolite is utilized for the first time as a substrate for the MAGP of acrylonitrile to develop a catalyst (Cu-AO-PB).
Unravelling the potential role of polyethyleneimine (PEI)-based nanosystems in skin cancer therapy
Authors: Kumar Ajeet , Sachi Das Sabya , Tambe Srushti , Kaundal Babita , Sarraf Sunny Kumar , Kesari Kavindra Kumar
Published: November 2024

Skin cancer is one of the most common cancer types affecting a major portion of the world's population, particularly in fair-skinned populations.
High yield exfoliation of sub-micron hexagonal boron nitride using a solvent free method
Authors: Santiago Diana , Lizcano Maricela , McDarby Sean P. , Hung Ching-cheh , Nguyen Baochau N.
Published: November 2024

Schematic of intercalation and exfoliation of submicron hBN.
Unraveling the ammonia sensing behavior and degradation pathways of a novel lead-free MA2CuBr4 based ammonia sensor
Authors: Tiwari Abinash , Arjumand Mir , Yella Aswani
Published: November 2024

We report a lead-free copper-based halide perovskite gas sensor to detect ammonia gas at ambient temperature.
Low volume shrinkage, alkaline degradable UV nanoimprint lithography resists based on acrylic anhydride
Authors: Zhao Chuan-Zhe , Cai Ya-Juan , Sun Yi-Xing , Wu Ya-Ge , Sang Ke-xiao , Yue Ting , Yang Zi-Hao , Gai Jing-Gang
Published: November 2024

The shrinkage phenomenon of UV-NIL resists during photocuring is still regarded as an important problem hindering the wide application of UV-NIL technology.
Synthesis of diarylsulphide-/diarylselenide-embedded pyrazole-fused isocoumarins and isatin/ninhydrin hydrazones via acid-catalyzed solvent- and temperature-controlled reactions
Authors: Panja Sayanwita , Dhurey Arun , Pramanik Animesh
Published: November 2024

The synthesis of chalcogenated pyrazole-fused isocoumarins and ninhydrin-based hydrazones was accomplished using the same starting materials by changing the solvent and temperature of the reactions.
Correction: Photodynamic antitumor activity of aggregation-induced emission luminogens as chemosensitizers for paclitaxel by concurrent induction of apoptosis and autophagic cell death
Authors: Wang Jia , Zhang Wenling , Wu Ting , Wu Haisi , Zhang Yuan , Wang Siwan , Ji You , Jiang Hui , Zhang Ziting , Tang Chunming , Tang Qiyun , Li Xiaolin , Xu Huae
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Photodynamic antitumor activity of aggregation-induced emission luminogens as chemosensitizers for paclitaxel by concurrent induction of apoptosis and autophagic cell death’ by Jia Wang et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2021, 5, 3448–3457, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QM00089F.
LCST/UCST behavior of polysaccharides for hydrogel fabrication
Authors: Moon Seo Hyung , Park Sol Ji , Lee Ye Won , Yang Yun Jung
Published: November 2024

This review discusses the classification, mechanisms, characteristics, and recent advancements of thermo-responsive polysaccharides in biomedical applications.
Synthesis of new-type, cost-effective and insensitive energetic materials via nitration of solid bituminous hydrocarbons
Authors: Abdolahi Sahar , Soleiman-Beigi Mohammad
Published: November 2024

A global trend for the development of energetic materials using various sources is promoted by researchers annually.
Complexes between 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH) and cucurbit[n]uril hosts modulate the yield and fate of photolytically-generated AAPH radicals
Authors: Forero-Girón Angie C. , Oyarzún Mauricio , Droguett Kevin , Fuentealba Denis , Gutiérrez-Oliva Soledad , Herrera Barbara , Toro-Labbé Alejandro , Fuentes-Lemus Eduardo , Davies Michael J. , López-Alarcón Camilo , Aliaga Margarita E.
Published: November 2024

AAPH-cucurbit[n]uril systems were experimentally and theoretically studied. Radical yields formed upon photolysis of AAPH were altered by complexation with CB[8] in a stoichiometry-dependent manner, however, radical yields were not changed by CB[6].
Understanding ketone hydrogenation catalysis with anionic iridium(iii) complexes: the crucial role of counterion and solvation
Authors: Kisten Paven , Vincendeau Sandrine , Manoury Eric , Lynam Jason M. , Slattery John M. , Duckett Simon B. , Lledós Agustí , Poli Rinaldo
Published: November 2024

A highly unusual mechanism for asymmetric hydrogenation catalysed by an anionic IrIII hydride system, including a strong counterion dependence on catalyst activity, is explored and rationalised.
Deep learning enabled ultra-high quality NMR chemical shift resolved spectra
Authors: Yang Zhengxian , Cai Weigang , Zhu Wen , Zheng Xiaoxu , Shi Xiaoqi , Qiu Mengjie , Chen Zhong , Liu Maili , Lin Yanqin
Published: November 2024

Accurate chemical shifts of spectral signals were obtained by processing spin echo spectra using a deep learning method.
Bridge editing of spin-flip emitters gives insight into excited state energies and dynamics
Authors: Reichenauer Florian , Naumann Robert , Förster Christoph , Kitzmann Winald R. , Reponen Antti-Pekka M. , Feldmann Sascha , Heinze Katja
Published: November 2024

The bridge X of the chelate ligand modifies doublet and quartet state energies and the excited state dynamics of luminescent chromium(iii) complexes.
Diphosphaenones: beyond the phosphorus analogue of enones
Authors: Lin Jieli , Liu Shihua , Zheng Shunlin , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Su Cheng-Yong , Li Zhongshu
Published: November 2024

N-heterocyclic vinyl (NHV) substituted diphosphaenones 3a,b [R–PP–C(O)–R, RNHV] have been isolated and crystallographically characterized. They not only exhibit a planar trans PP–CO configuration, but also show conjugated 1,4-addition.
VitalOne™: a point-of-care platform for rapid, comprehensive, central-lab quality blood testing
Authors: Koussa Mounir A. , Barreiros Miguel , Ehrlich Perez Paul Said , Jean Sae Rin , Lee Taehyung Chris , MacLeod Ross , Witham Aaron , Bhat Geeta , Campbell Todd , Lizano Sergio , Toth Marjorie , Venkateswaran Amrita , Yang Don , Zaman Nishat , Alfaqheri Wisam , Ardalan Afshan , Barbosa Luis , Behrouzi Mehran , Borisenko Vitali , Chand Rohit , Ho Karyn S. , Kumar Praveen , Lengyel Mate , Luo Wei , Masum Fahim , Piñeros Laura , Kozhipuram Akhil Rajagopal , Sanders Sergey , Santos David , Nadella Vasu , Kazemzadeh Farnoud , Khodadad Iman
Published: November 2024

A transparent description and characterization of an integrated platform that delivers quantitative results across hematology, clinical chemistry, and immunoassay modalities.
Scale-dependent sharpening of interfacial fluctuations in shape-based models of dense cellular sheets
Authors: Yue Haicen , Packard Charles R. , Sussman Daniel M.
Published: November 2024

Tissue interfaces between different populations of cells are sharpened by the cellular topological interactions in a length-scale dependent way.
Individual closed-loop control of micromotors by selective light actuation
Authors: Rivas David P. , Sokolich Max , Das Sambeeta
Published: November 2024

Selective control of light-responsive TiO2 micromotors is achieved using localized UV illumination via a digital micromirror device (DMD) combined with automated closed-loop control, demonstrating the potential for carrying out complex tasks.
Size-dependent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of arrays of edge-like defects in MoS2 crystals patterned by focused ion beam
Authors: de Lourenço Cláudia , de Araújo Ana B. S. , Hasimoto Leonardo H. , Feitosa Isaque A. A. , das Neves Matheus F. F. , Bettini Jefferson , Perfecto Tarcisio M. , Rocha Túlio C. R. , Mori Thiago J. A. , Leite Edson R. , Santhiago Murilo
Published: November 2024

Introducing surface defects on molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) crystals is important to enhance the electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Ordered crown-ether 2D framework based loose nanofiltration membranes for improved separation and stability
Authors: Kim Jae Jun , Seo Huiran , Kim Jinseok , Kim Mun Hyeon , Park Jinwook , Hong Hyunkee , Kim Hee Joong , Lee Jong-Chan
Published: November 2024

A loose nanofiltration membrane with a 2D crown-ether framework (C2O) shows high water permeability (39 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), excellent dye/salt selectivity (EBT/NaCl selectivity of 295), and remarkable stability under varying pH conditions.
Balancing Standardization and Ecological Validity in the Measurement of Social Communication Intervention Outcomes
Authors: Feiner Hannah , Sone Bailey , Lee Jordan , Kaat Aaron J. , Roberts Megan Y.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Caregiver-mediated communication intervention outcomes are inconsistently measured, varying by assessment settings, materials, and activities. Standardized materials are often used for measuring outcomes, yet it remains unknown whether such standardized contexts equitably capture caregiver and child intervention outcomes representative of dyads' typical interactions. This within-subject study investigates how intervention outcomes differ between family-selected and standardized interactional contexts for autistic toddlers and their caregivers.

Method:

Following an 8-week caregiver-mediated telehealth intervention delivered to 22 dyads, caregiver outcomes (fidelity of using responsive communication facilitation strategies) and child outcomes (total spontaneous directed communicative acts) were measured during two interactional contexts using (a) family-selected activities and (b) a standardized toy set. A routines checklist surveyed the activities dyads value, enjoy, complete frequently, and/or find difficult with their child.

Results:

Caregiver outcomes and child outcomes did not significantly differ between the family-selected and standardized interactional contexts. Descriptive results suggest that the types of toys commonly included in standardized toy sets are representative of the materials many families choose when playing with their child at home. However, during the family-selected interactional context, the majority of dyads also chose materials or activities that were not available to them during the standardized context.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to carefully consider a more expansive approach to standardization in which intervention outcomes are measured in ecologically valid contexts, which meaningfully, accurately, and equitably capture caregiver and child functional outcomes, and the translation of interventions to families' everyday routines.
Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technology to Retrain Attention and Enhance Functional Communication Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Case Report
Authors: Eichhorn Kimberly A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This case report outlines the use of high-tech assistive technology in the form of an augmentative and alternative communication device to assess and treat a veteran with severe speech, language, and cognitive impairments status post severe blast injury.

Method:

The patient is a right-handed male Veteran of the United States Marine Corps who sustained catastrophic injury after stepping on a dismounted improvised explosive device. He presented to the outpatient clinic 4 years status post injury for continued speech, language, and cognitive interventions. Based on assessments and observations, the patient was diagnosed with spastic anarthria, probable apraxia of speech, aphasia, and attentional impairments. His functional communication was restricted to limited facial expression and eye movements interpreted by those who knew him well. This case reviews the detailed informal and novel assessment techniques and training methods used to implement high-tech assistive technologies as part of the rehabilitation plan designed to enhance functional communication.

Results:

Through systematic instruction and retraining visual and sustained attention, the patient was able to engage meaningfully with a high-tech device to increase functional personal choice when supported by a partner.

Conclusion:

This case demonstrates the role high-tech assistive technologies can play in the rehabilitation and functional communication efforts for persons with severe traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents.
Implementation of entropically secure encryption: Securing personal health data
Authors: Temel Mehmet Hüseyin , Škorić Boris , Monroy Idelfonso Tafur
Published: November 2024

Entropically secure encryption (ESE) offers unconditional security with shorter keys compared to the One‐Time Pad. Here, the first implementation of ESE for bulk encryption is presented. The main computational bottleneck for bulk ESE is a multiplication in a very large finite field. This involves multiplication of polynomials followed by modular reduction. A polynomial multiplication is implemented based on the gf2x library, with modifications that avoid inputs of vastly different length, thus improving speed. Additionally, a recently proposed efficient reduction algorithm that works for any polynomial degree is implemented. Two use cases are investigated: x‐ray images of patients and human genome data. Entropy estimation is conducted using compression methods whose results determine the key lengths required for ESE. The running times for all steps of the encryption are reported. The potential of ESE to be used in conjunction with quantum key distribution (QKD), in order to achieve full information‐theoretic security of QKD‐protected links for these use cases is discussed.
Studying early Islam in the third millennium: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Yılmaz Halil İbrahim , İzgi Mahmut Cihat , Erbay Enes Ensar , Şenel Samet
Published: November 2024

Early Islam, spanning its nascent centuries from the early 7th century, encompasses a pivotal epoch covering the life and teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, the establishment of Islamic principles, the codification of the Qur’ān, and the evolution of Islamic law and theological thought. This article outlines the findings of a pioneering bibliometric analysis of 764 high-value articles on early Islam from the Web of Science (WoS) database and unveils critical trends. This study, which notably highlights increased academic activities, particularly interdisciplinary expansion into archaeology and related fields, demonstrates a contemporary upsurge in scholarly engagement within humanities and social sciences. Global contributions from 60 countries, led by the USA, showcase an international landscape, and English emerges as the predominant language. (Der) Islam-Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Kultur des Islamischen Orients and Journal of Archaeological Science Reports stand out as the most prolific journals across all fields, followed by Journal of Archaeological Science. This highlights the growing significance of archaeology in the research on early Islam. The top authors with the most publications N. Schibille, I. Taxel, and G. Bar-oz and most cited authors I. C. Freestone, J. Henderson, and Y. Avni shape the field. Financial support from organizations like the European Research Council (ERC), the Spanish Government and the Israel Science Foundation signals strategic investments in Islamic studies. Lastly, a keyword analysis emphasizes prevalent themes, such as Islam, early Islam, early Islamic period, and Qur’ān, providing a concise snapshot of the field’s contemporary focus. These insights underscore the rising international importance of Islamic research. Recognizing the limitations of the present study, this bibliometric analysis offers a foundational framework for future research by inspiring further scholarly exploration of emerging trends and thematic gaps in the field.
Chemically reactive and aging macromolecular mixtures. II. Phase separation and coarsening
Authors: Zhang Ruoyao , Mao Sheng , Haataja Mikko P.
Published: November 2024

In a companion paper, we put forth a thermodynamic model for complex formation via a chemical reaction involving multiple macromolecular species, which may subsequently undergo liquid–liquid phase separation and a further transition into a gel-like state. In the present work, we formulate a thermodynamically consistent kinetic framework to study the interplay between phase separation, chemical reaction, and aging in spatially inhomogeneous macromolecular mixtures. A numerical algorithm is also proposed to simulate domain growth from collisions of liquid and gel domains via passive Brownian motion in both two and three spatial dimensions. Our results show that the coarsening behavior is significantly influenced by the degree of gelation and Brownian motion. The presence of a gel phase inside condensates strongly limits the diffusive transport processes, and Brownian motion coalescence controls the coarsening process in systems with high area/volume fractions of gel-like condensates, leading to the formation of interconnected domains with atypical domain growth rates controlled by size-dependent translational and rotational diffusivities.
A lightweight semi-active ankle exoskeleton utilized NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys for energy storage
Authors: Dong Tiesheng , Zhang Jiaqi , Shu Qilin , Xin Long , Ge Jiao
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, exoskeletons have a place in many fields, such as industrial production, medical rehabilitation, and military. However, there are still many shortcomings in the existing exoskeleton, such as heavyweight and complex structures for active exoskeleton. The driving ability of passive exoskeletons is limited. To reduce the energy consumption of wearers, based on the characteristics of the semi-active ankle exoskeleton, this paper proposes to use NiTiCu-based shape memory alloys (SMA) as the energy storage source to improve the power density. Compared to NiTi-based SMA, the phase transformation process of NiTiCu-based SMA is more rapid, which can solve the response delay problem to a certain extent. The ankle exoskeleton uses SMA deformation to compress the bias spring. When the human ankle joint needs auxiliary torque, the SMA releases the energy stored by the bias spring and transfers the energy to the ankle exoskeleton to achieve the effect of assisting the human ankle joint. During the assistance process, a control system based on the SMA mathematical model is constructed. The above-mentioned ideas provide a new approach for further expanding power density and can be widely applied in the field of robotics. During characterization, this semi-active ankle exoskeleton can effectively complete the movement state of upstairs and walking, achieve an effective power of 180 N, and store maximum energy up to 5 J for the human ankle.
Structure-preserving methods for Marcus stochastic Hamiltonian systems with additive Lévy noise
Authors: Zhan Qingyi , Duan Jinqiao , Li Xiaofan
Published: November 2024

A general structure-preserving method is proposed for a class of Marcus stochastic Hamiltonian systems driven by additive Lévy noise. The convergence of the symplectic Euler scheme for this systems is investigated by Generalized Milstein Theorem. Realizable numerical implementation of this scheme is also provided in details. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme. Applications of the method to solve two mathematical physical problems are provided.