bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Edible algae allergenicity – a short report
Authors: James Christopher A. , Welham Simon , Rose Peter
Published: November 2022

The use of seaweed and algal derived products in the food industry has grown rapidly in recent times. Major areas of expansion have been in Western countries where algae derived commodities are being utilised as edible foods or sources of high value ingredients. However, studies focused on potential allergenicity attributed to these food items, prevalence of allergenicity, and public health awareness are limited. Therefore, the current research summarises the existing literature focused on algal induced allergy in humans. Of the available literature, a total of 937 titles were identified, and 33 articles underwent subsequent full-text screening. Most research focused on prevalence and were derived from studies conducted in Europe (58%), North America and Canada (33%), and the remainder Australia and South Korea (9%). No studies addressed the need for public education or labelling of algal products. Our review reports that the available evidence identified points to algal derived products as being potential sources of allergens in the human food chain. Several components have been characterised that are shown to induce allergic responses in humans. Few studies have assessed the prevalence of algal allergenicity in the general population and as such further research is warranted given the increased usage of these products in the food industry.
Factors Underpinning the Shift to Eveningness during Early Adolescence: Pubertal Development and Family Conflicts
Authors: Díaz Morales Juan F. , Escribano Cristina , Puig-Navarro Yaiza , Jankowski Konrad S.
Published: November 2022

Biological and psychosocial factors have been related to the shift to eveningness during early adolescence but it is necessary to study them from a longitudinal perspective. This longitudinal study examined the contribution of these factors to the onset of a shift towards eveningness in early adolescence. A sample of 440 (49.9% boys) Spanish adolescents were assessed for pubertal development, family conflicts, and morningness/eveningness. The same measures were taken twice at the age of 12 and one year later (T1: M = 12.47, SD = 0.75 and T2: M = 13.64, SD = 0.78). Pubertal development and family conflicts were considered predictors of morningness/eveningness in a mixed-effects multilevel model. The developmental shift towards eveningness appeared in girls but not in boys. The shift was related to more advanced pubertal development and more conflicts in the family. This study has implications for shaping healthy sleep habits in adolescents and possible interventions focused on family dynamics.
Platform-Based Internationalization of Smaller Firms: The Role of Government Policy
Authors: Singh Nitish , Munjal Surender , Kundu Sumit , Rangarajan K.
Published: November 2022

Governments are recognizing anticompetitive concerns and market distortions associated with the rise of e-commerce platforms. Thus, policies are being crafted to level the playing field between large platform operators and small platform sellers. In addition, policies mitigating barriers to internationalization associated with using e-commerce platforms are also being developed. This study aims to explore these policy actions impacting the platform-based internationalization of small and micro enterprises (SMEs). The case study method is adopted to provide rich insights into the Indian Government policy actions impacting the e-commerce platform-based internationalization of Indian SMEs. More specifically, this investigation analyzes the extent to which the Indian Government policy actions have mitigated the home market and industry-level barriers to export for SMEs leveraging e-commerce platforms for their internationalization efforts. Study findings provide rich policy implications and fodder for future empirical testing of key qualitative insights uncovered in this study.
Opportunistic Screening Techniques for Analysis of CT Scans
Authors: Engelke Klaus , Chaudry Oliver , Bartenschlager Stefan
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Opportunistic screening is a combination of techniques to identify subjects of high risk for osteoporotic fracture using routine clinical CT scans prescribed for diagnoses unrelated to osteoporosis. The two main components are automated detection of vertebral fractures and measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) in CT scans, in which a phantom for calibration of CT to BMD values is not used. This review describes the particular challenges of opportunistic screening and provides an overview and comparison of current techniques used for opportunistic screening. The review further outlines the performance of opportunistic screening.

Recent Findings

A wide range of technologies for the automatic detection of vertebral fractures have been developed and successfully validated. Most of them are based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The automated differentiation of osteoporotic from traumatic fractures and vertebral deformities unrelated to osteoporosis, the grading of vertebral fracture severity, and the detection of mild vertebral fractures is still problematic. The accuracy of automated fracture detection compared to classical radiological semi-quantitative Genant scoring is about 80%. Accuracy errors of alternative BMD calibration methods compared to simultaneous phantom-based calibration used in standard quantitative CT (QCT) range from below 5% to about 10%. The impact of contrast agents, frequently administered in clinical CT on the determination of BMD and on fracture risk determination is still controversial.

Opportunistic screening, the identification of vertebral fracture and the measurement of BMD using clinical routine CT scans, is feasible but corresponding techniques still need to be integrated into the clinical workflow and further validated with respect to the prediction of fracture risk.
Nano Zinc Oxide Improves Performance, IGF-I mRNA Expression, Meat Quality, and Humeral Immune Response and Alleviates Oxidative Stress and NF-κB Immunohistochemistry of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Alian Heba A. , Samy Hayam M. , Ibrahim Mohammed T. , Yusuf Mohamed S. , Mahmoud Manal M. A.
Published: November 2022

A 35-day trial was set to explore the effects of different dietary zinc sources on growth, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mRNA expression, meat quality, immune response, antioxidant activity, and immunohistochemistry of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κ7B) of broiler chickens. Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 156) were randomly assigned into four experimental groups. The G1 received the basal control diet without zinc supplementation; the G2, G3, and G4 were supplemented with zinc oxide, zinc lysine, and nano zinc oxide, respectively, at a level of 40 mg Zn/kg diet. The data revealed that nano zinc oxide linearly improved the overall growth performance parameters. Nano zinc oxide linearly elevated (P < 0.001) mRNA expression of IGF-I followed by G3. The pH value of breast muscle in G4 shows a linearly decreasing value (P < 0.001). Also, the linearly highest expressible release volume percentage and lightness (L*) value with the lowest redness (a*) value (P < 0.05) were recorded in G4 and G3. A numerical increase in the total antibody titer was recorded on the 35th day in the G3 and G4. A numerical elevation in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and a numerical reduction in the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were recorded in the G4. The section of the liver from G4 revealed significantly very low expression of NF-κB staining. It is concluded that nano zinc oxide is considered the more trending zinc source. It had no negative effects on the health status and can be used in broiler diet premix.
Ein neuer Ansatz zur Frequenzmodellierung im Versicherungswesen
Authors: Pfeifer Dietmar
Published: November 2022

Im kollektiven Modell der Risikotheorie wird üblicherweise zwischen der Schadenfrequenz bzw. deren Verteilung und der Einzelschadenhöhe bzw. deren Verteilung unterschieden. Für die Schadenfrequenzverteilung werden meist „klassische“ Verteilungen wie Binomial‑, Negative Binomial- oder Poissonverteilung unterstellt, die aber gelegentlich nicht passend sind. In dieser Arbeit wählen wir für die Schadenfrequenz einen anderen Ansatz über einen zufälligen prozentualen Anteil an der Zahl der Versicherungsverträge (sog. Betroffenheitsgrad). Dieser Ansatz erlaubt u. a. eine statistische Überprüfung durch Q‑Q-Plots und lässt sich auch leicht auf Schadenhöhenverteilungen übertragen.
Enhancement in the Transport and Optoelectrical Properties of Spray Coated ZnO Thin Films by Nd Dopant
Authors: Srivathsa Manu , Kumar Pawan , Goutam U. K. , Rajendra B. V.
Published: November 2022

This research work focuses on the influence of Neodymium (Nd) doping (0–10 at.%) on the structural, optical, electrical, and photo-response properties of Zinc Oxide thin films deposited on glass substrates by cost-effective spray pyrolysis technique. For all the deposited films, the X-ray diffraction peaks matched the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with the maximum intensity along the (1 0 1) plane. Using XRD data, the crystallite size, dislocation density, and micro-strain of the films were estimated. Compared to other films, Zn0.96Nd0.04O film exhibited higher crystallinity ~ 18 nm. At higher doping concentrations, a fibrous-granular mixed structure was observed. Above 80 percentage of transparency in the visible region and bandgap of 3.42 eV was observed for the Zn0.96Nd0.04O film. The decrease in Urbach energy with increase in the doping concentration indicated the improvement in crystallinity. The peaks related to band edge emission, zinc, and oxygen-related defects were observed in the photoluminescence analysis also increased band edge emission and lesser defects were observed in the Zn0.96Nd0.04O film. The highest charge carrier concentration ~ 1.7 × 1017 cm−3 and mobility ~ 62.8 cm2/Vs were noticed in of Zn0.96Nd0.04O film. When exposed to UV light, Zn0.96Nd0.04O film exhibited the maximum photocurrent ~ 10−4 A. Hence the Zn0.96Nd0.04O film can be used as a UV photodetector.

Graphical Abstract
Effect of the Implementation of a Structured Diet Management Plan on the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rokou Aikaterini , Eleftheriou Anna , Tsigalou Christina , Apessos Ioulianos , Nena Evangelia , Dalamaga Maria , Voulgaris Athanasios , Steiropoulos Paschalis
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing worldwide, in line with the increase in obesity prevalence. Taken into consideration the low compliance rates to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment, and since obesity is a risk factor for OSA, these patients should receive additional counseling for weight loss through a diet plan. The aim of this review is to examine the role of a structured diet management plan on OSA severity, nocturnal oxygen indices, and subjective sleep parameters.

Recent Findings

Τhis systematic review of the literature resulted in four studies and demonstrated that severity of OSA, assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index, is reduced by a dietary management plan when delivered through an educational program. Moreover, nocturnal oxygenation is improved, as well as subjective sleep parameters, when initiating a diet on top of CPAP use.

Summary

In summary, the present systematic review reports on the beneficial effects of a structured diet management plan in patients with OSA. Although CPAP remains the gold standard of OSA treatment, a specific dietary plan should be sought when managing patients with OSA. Nevertheless, still the evidence is low, and further research on this field is needed to reduce the burden of OSA.
Advancing undergraduate medical education regarding the care of transgender and
gender Diverse persons and communities
Authors: Streed Carl G. , Navarra May , Klein Jorden
Published: November 2022

None
Biomechanical assessment of the design and efficiency of occupational exoskeletons with the AnyBody Modeling System
Authors: Auer Simon , Tröster Mark , Schiebl Jonas , Iversen Kristoffer , Chander Divyaksh Subhash , Damsgaard Michael , Dendorfer Sebastian
Published: November 2022

Exoskeletons were invented over 100 years ago but have only become popular in the last two decades, especially in the working industry as they can decrease work-related loads significantly. The most often used exoskeletons are for the lower back and shoulder since these are commonly affected body regions. All devices have in common that their purpose is to reduce internal loads of vulnerable body regions. Nevertheless, there is still little understanding on how biomechanical loading in the human body changes when exoskeletons are used. Therefore, further analyses are needed. A promising candidate for these are musculoskeletal models, which are based on an inverse dynamics approach and can calculate external parameters such as ground reaction forces or other interaction forces as well as internal parameters such as joint reaction forces or muscle activities. The various examples in the literature show that these models are increasingly used for assessing the biomechanical effects of exoskeletons on the human body. Furthermore, musculoskeletal models can calculate biomechanical loadings of humans with and without exoskeletons for all kinds of applications and allow an evaluation of their purpose.

Practical Relevance: This article highlights the possibilities of musculoskeletal models for assessing the design and efficiency of occupational exoskeletons. Several practical use cases are described along with distinct descriptions of common implications of musculoskeletal and exoskeleton modeling.
Growing capable kids: Exploring the nexus between the Australian Curriculum’s general capabilities, global competencies, and one school garden program
Authors: Christian Beverly J. , Cameron Karyn A. , Pearce Robyn
Published: November 2022

Many countries include core competencies in their educational curricula. The purpose of competencies is to ensure a holistic education that equips students with skills to flourish in the twenty-first century. Across the literature on this topic, however, there are limited studies that investigate how primary schools embed competencies into their learning programs. A qualitative case study of one Australian primary school with an established environmentally friendly garden program revealed how gardening as part of the school program provided opportunities for the development of core competencies, in particular the general capabilities of the Australian Curriculum.
A comparison of women role models in architecture firms featured in Architectural Record and Architectural Review
Authors: Mathews Emilee
Published: November 2022

How are women represented, specifically women of colour, in architecture library collections? I focus on two major trade periodicals to find out: Architectural Review (a British publication) and Architectural Record (American). I analyse firms highlighted in these periodicals in 2019, researching the proportion of women in leadership per each featured company. I compare against demographic and occupational statistics in the respective countries to see if these periodicals accurately represent the field, or further reinforce antiquated notions. My findings suggest that who the periodicals highlight is roughly proportionate or more diverse than the field itself, but the field continues to mostly represent white men as successful architects. Library collections reify that notion. In order to decentre the monolithic nature of many library collections, I further suggest approaches to increasing diversity based on my own initiatives.
Tracing the role of AGB stars in the Galactic Fluorine budget
Authors: Saberi Maryam
Published: November 2022

The cosmic origin of fluorine is still under debate. Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are among the few suggested candidates to efficiently synthesis F in our Galaxy, however their relative contribution is not clear. In this paper, we briefly review the theoretical studies from stellar yield models of the F synthesis and chemical equilibrium models of the F-containing molecules in the outflow around AGB stars. Previous detections of the F-bearing species towards AGB and post-AGB stars are also highlighted. We suggest that high-resolution ALMA observations of the AlF, one of the two main carriers of F in the outflow of AGB stars, can provide a reliable tracer of the F-budget in AGB stars. This will be helpful to quantify the role of AGB stars in the Galactic F budget.
Shaping the initial-final mass relation of white dwarfs with AGB outflows
Authors: Marigo Paola
Published: November 2022

A recent analysis of a few carbon-oxygen white dwarfs in old open clusters of the Milky Way (MW) identified a kink in the initial-final mass relation (IFMR), located over a range of initial masses, 1.65 ≲ Mi/M⊙ ≲ 2.10, which unexpectedly interrupts the commonly assumed monotonic trend. The proposed interpretation links this observational fact to the formation of carbon stars and the modest outflows (with mass loss rate < 10−7M⊙/yr) that are expected as long as the carbon excess remains too low to produce dust grains in sufficient amount. Under these conditions the mass of the carbon-oxygen core can grow more than is generally predicted by stellar models. We discuss these new findings also in light of a new systematic follow-up investigation, based on Gaia EDR3, of evolved giants (13 carbon stars, 3 S stars and 4 M stars) belonging to intermediate-age open clusters.
Analytic, Turbulent Pressure Driven Mass Loss Rates from Red Supergiants
Authors: Sundqvist J.O. , Kee N.D.
Published: November 2022

Although red supergiants (RSGs) are observed to be undergoing vigorous mass loss, explaining the mechanism launching their winds has been a long-standing problem. Given the importance of mass loss to stellar evolution in this phase, this is a key uncertainty. In this contribution we present a recently published model (Kee et al. 2021) showing that turbulent pressure alone can extend the stellar atmosphere of an RSG to the degree that a wind is launched. This provides a fully analytic mass-loss prescription for RSGs. Moreover, utilising observationally inferred turbulent velocities for these objects, we find that this wind can carry an appropriate amount of mass to overall match observations. Intriguingly, when coupled to stellar evolution models the predicted mass-loss rates show that stars with initial masses above Mini∼17M⊙ may naturally evolve back to the blue and as such not end their lives as RSGs; this is also in overall good agreement with observations, here of Type II-P/L supernova progenitors. Moreover, since the proposed wind launching mechanism is not necessarily sensitive to metallicity, this could have important implications for stellar evolution predictions in low-metallicity environments.
Testing Predictions for Migration of Meandering Rivers: Fit for a Curvature‐Based Model Depends on Streamwise Location and Timescale
Authors: Li Yuan , Limaye Ajay B.
Published: November 2022

Many meandering rivers migrate, at rates that vary both along‐stream and inversely with the observation interval. Many numerical models have been developed to predict this migration; their success is usually evaluated statistically or by qualitative comparison to observations in map view. We propose a framework to test migration models that unites these statistical, spatial, and temporal perspectives. We measure model fit with a statistic that compares the magnitude and direction of migration between predictions and observations. Model fit is contextualized in space, using a dimensionless coordinate system based in the location along a half‐meander bend; and in time, using a dimensionless observation interval that accounts for channel scale and migration rate. We applied this framework to test predictions for a curvature‐driven model of channel migration, using data from seven rapidly migrating rivers in the Amazon Basin and 103 more slowly migrating rivers across the continental US, as reconstructed from a legacy data set. We find that across both datasets, channel migration rates peak slightly downstream of the bend apex. Migration rate underestimation/overestimation tends to occur when the observed rate is greater/less than its median along the channel. Predicted migration direction opposes observations for slowly migrating locations and upstream of the bend apex. Model forecasts break down if the channel migrates by more than its width. The analysis framework is portable to testing other models of channel migration, and can help improve predictions for the stability of infrastructure along rivers and for landscape change over geologic timescales.
Molecular basis for DNA recognition by the maternal pioneer transcription factor FoxH1
Authors: Pluta Radoslaw , Aragón Eric , Prescott Nicholas A. , Ruiz Lidia , Mees Rebeca A. , Baginski Blazej , Flood Julia R. , Martin-Malpartida Pau , Massagué Joan , David Yael , Macias Maria J.
Published: November 2022

Forkhead box H1 (FoxH1) is an essential maternal pioneer factor during embryonic development that binds to specific GG/GT-containing DNA target sequences. Here we have determined high-resolution structures of three FoxH1 proteins (from human, frog and fish species) and four DNAs to clarify the way in which FoxH1 binds to these sites. We found that the protein-DNA interactions extend to both the minor and major DNA grooves and are thus almost twice as extensive as those of other FOX family members. Moreover, we identified two specific amino acid changes in FoxH1 that allowed the recognition of GG/GT motifs. Consistent with the pioneer factor activity of FoxH1, we found that its affinity for nucleosomal DNA is even higher than for linear DNA fragments. The structures reported herein illustrate how FoxH1 binding to distinct DNA sites provides specificity and avoids cross-regulation by other FOX proteins that also operate during the maternal-zygotic transition and select canonical forkhead sites.
Construction motion data library: an integrated motion dataset for on-site activity recognition
Authors: Tian Yuanyuan , Li Heng , Cui Hongzhi , Chen Jiayu
Published: November 2022

Identifying workers’ activities is crucial for ensuring the safety and productivity of the human workforce on construction sites. Many studies implement vision-based or inertial-based sensors to construct 3D human skeletons for automated postures and activity recognition. Researchers have developed enormous and heterogeneous datasets for generic motion and artificially intelligent models based on these datasets. However, the construction-related motion dataset and labels should be specifically designed, as construction workers are often exposed to awkward postures and intensive physical tasks. This study developed a small construction-related activity dataset with an in-lab experiment and implemented the datasets to manually label a large-scale construction motion data library (CML) for activity recognition. The developed CML dataset contains 225 types of activities and 146,480 samples; among them, 60 types of activities and 61,275 samples are highly related to construction activities. To verify the dataset, five widely applied deep learning algorithms were adopted to examine the dataset, and the usability, quality, and sufficiency were reported. The average accuracy of models without tunning can reach 74.62% to 83.92%.
Cheminformatics analysis of chemicals that increase estrogen and progesterone synthesis for a breast cancer hazard assessment
Authors: Borrel Alexandre , Rudel Ruthann A.
Published: November 2022

Factors that increase estrogen or progesterone (P4) action are well-established as increasing breast cancer risk, and many first-line treatments to prevent breast cancer recurrence work by blocking estrogen synthesis or action. In previous work, using data from an in vitro steroidogenesis assay developed for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ToxCast program, we identified 182 chemicals that increased estradiol (E2up) and 185 that increased progesterone (P4up) in human H295R adrenocortical carcinoma cells, an OECD validated assay for steroidogenesis. Chemicals known to induce mammary effects in vivo were very likely to increase E2 or P4 synthesis, further supporting the importance of these pathways for breast cancer. To identify additional chemical exposures that may increase breast cancer risk through E2 or P4 steroidogenesis, we developed a cheminformatics approach to identify structural features associated with these activities and to predict other E2 or P4 steroidogens from their chemical structures. First, we used molecular descriptors and physicochemical properties to cluster the 2,012 chemicals screened in the steroidogenesis assay using a self-organizing map (SOM). Structural features such as triazine, phenol, or more broadly benzene ramified with halide, amine or alcohol, are enriched for E2 or P4up chemicals. Among E2up chemicals, phenol and benzenone are found as significant substructures, along with nitrogen-containing biphenyls. For P4up chemicals, phenol and complex aromatic systems ramified with oxygen-based groups such as flavone or phenolphthalein are significant substructures. Chemicals that are active for both E2up and P4up are enriched with substructures such as dihydroxy phosphanedithione or are small chemicals that contain one benzene ramified with chlorine, alcohol, methyl or primary amine. These results are confirmed with a chemotype ToxPrint analysis. Then, we used machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to develop and validate predictive classification QSAR models for E2up and P4up chemicals. These models gave reasonable external prediction performances (balanced accuracy ~ 0.8 and Matthews Coefficient Correlation ~ 0.5) on an external validation. The QSAR models were enriched by adding a confidence score that considers the chemical applicability domain and a ToxPrint assessment of the chemical. This profiling and these models may be useful to direct future testing and risk assessments for chemicals related to breast cancer and other hormonally-mediated outcomes.
Plasma host protein signatures correlating with Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity prior to and during antituberculosis treatment
Authors: Ndiaye Mame Diarra Bousso , Ranaivomanana Paulo , Rasoloharimanana Lova Tsikiniaina , Rasolofo Voahangy , Ratovoson Rila , Herindrainy Perlinot , Rakotonirina Julio , Schoenhals Matthieu , Hoffmann Jonathan , Rakotosamimanana Niaina
Published: November 2022

There is a need for rapid non-sputum-based tests to identify and treat patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The overall objective of this study was to measure and compare the expression of a selected panel of human plasma proteins in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) throughout anti-TB treatment (from baseline to the end of treatment), in Mtb-infected individuals (TBI) and healthy donors (HD) to identify a putative host-protein signature useful for both TB diagnosis and treatment monitoring. A panel of seven human host proteins CLEC3B, SELL, IGFBP3, IP10, CD14, ECM1 and C1Q were measured in the plasma isolated from an HIV-negative prospective cohort of 37 ATB, 24 TBI and 23 HD. The protein signatures were assessed using a Luminex xMAP® to quantify the plasmatic levels in unstimulated blood of the different clinical group as well as the protein levels at baseline and at three timepoints during the 6-months ATB treatment, to compare the plasma protein levels between culture slow and fast converters that may contribute to monitor the TB treatment outcome. Protein signatures were defined using the CombiROC algorithm and multivariate models. The studied plasma host proteins showed different levels between the clinical groups and during the TB treatment. Six of the plasma proteins (CLEC3B, SELL, IGFBP3, IP10, CD14 and C1Q) showed significant differences in normalised median fluorescence intensities when comparing ATB vs HD or TBI groups while ECM1 revealed a significant difference between fast and slow sputum culture converters after 2 months following treatment (p = 0.006). The expression of a four-host protein markers (CLEC3B-ECM1-IP10-SELL) was significantly different between ATB from HD or TBI groups (respectively, p < 0.05). The expression of the same signature was significantly different between the slow vs the fast sputum culture converters after 2 months of treatment (p < 0.05). The results suggest a promising 4 host-plasma marker signature that would be associated with both TB diagnostic and treatment monitoring.
A two-pronged strategy to alleviate tumor hypoxia and potentiate photodynamic therapy by mild hyperthermia
Authors: Zhang Zhijie , Wang Zibing , Xiong Yuxuan , Wang Chong , Deng Qingyuan , Yang Tian , Xu Qingqing , Yong Zhengtao , Yang Xiangliang , Li Zifu
Published: November 2022

Mild hyperthermia boosts the catalase activity of HMPB NPs for internal O2 generation and normalized tumor vasculature for external O2 supply, cooperatively disrupting tumor hypoxia and augmenting Ce6-mediated PDT against breast cancers.
A redox-mediated zinc electrode for ultra-robust deep-cycle redox flow batteries
Authors: Huang Shiqiang , Yuan Zhizhang , Salla Manohar , Wang Xun , Zhang Hang , Huang Songpeng , Lek Dao Gen , Li Xianfeng , Wang Qing
Published: November 2022

Redox-mediated zinc chemistry is proposed to ultimately solve the “dead zinc” problem in zinc-based alkaline flow batteries.
Understanding the stabilization effect of the hydrous IrOx layer formed on the iridium oxide surface during the oxygen evolution reaction in acid
Authors: Qi Jun , Yang Muzi , Zeng Huiyan , Jiang Yabin , Gu Long , Zhao Wenguang , Liu Zhongfei , Liu Tianhui , Yang Chunzhen , Si Rui
Published: November 2022

The amorphous IrOx layer as formed by a dynamic dissolution–reprecipitation process is probed to serve as a protective layer for the catalyst during the OER.
Fluorine extraction from organofluorine molecules to make fluorinated clusters in yttrium MOFs
Authors: Abbas Muhammad , Maceda Amanda M. , Firouzi Hamid R. , Xiao Zhifeng , Arman Hadi D. , Shi Yanshu , Zhou Hong-Cai , Balkus Kenneth J.
Published: November 2022

The reaction of yttrium(iii) and linker makes a 2D metal–organic framework. The addition of fluorinated modulators result in fluorine extraction from modulators and makes a 3D-MOF.
Perspectives in growth production trade-off in microbial bioproduction
Authors: Banerjee Deepanwita , Mukhopadhyay Aindrila
Published: November 2022

Strain engineering has advanced in the past decade. Herein, we review the importance of growth coupling, growth decoupling, regulatory control and medium optimization for microbial bioproduction to provide stable conversion over a longer period.
Regulation of micropatterned curvature-dependent FA heterogeneity on cytoskeleton tension and nuclear DNA synthesis of malignant breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Yongtao , Wang Nana , Chen Yazhou , Yang Yingjun
Published: November 2022

The interfacial heterogeneity of cells was controlled by geometric micropatterns. Polar curvature and heterogeneity could enhance DNA synthesis by BrdU evaluation, related with FA, cytoskeletal force, ezrin expression, and mechanotransduction.
Non‐local neural networks combined with local importance‐based pooling for space‐time video super‐resolution
Authors: Zhang Dacheng , Lei Weimin , Zhang Wei , Chen Xinyi
Published: November 2022

Compared with convolutional operation, non‐local operation can directly capture long‐range dependencies and thus has a larger receptive field. However, the computation and memory consumption of non‐local operation is much higher than convolutional operation, so it cannot be used repeatedly as a general component directly. In this paper, in order to balance the accuracy and computational complexity of non‐local enhancement, the non‐local operation is simplified based on local importance‐based pooling, which can dynamically extract discriminative features during the down‐sampling process by learning adaptive weights. Such simplified non‐local enhancement is able to prevent unacceptable computational consumption caused by directly processing the entire feature maps containing a large number of features. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, 2D and 3D feature extraction blocks are constructed based on the simplified non‐local operations, and they are stacked as feature extraction networks for space‐time video super‐resolution task, which aims to increase resolution in both time and space simultaneously. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed simplified non‐local networks can effectively improve the performance of space‐time video super‐resolution task both quantitatively and qualitatively.
GhostCount: A lightweight convolution network based on high‐altitude video for vehicle instantaneous counting in dense traffic scenes
Authors: Cao Qianxia , Shan Zhenyu , Long Kejun , Wang Zhengwu
Published: November 2022

Instantaneous vehicle counting of traffic scenes based on high‐altitude video is an important way for real‐time traffic information collection in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). However, vehicle counts based on high‐altitude video are susceptible to problems such as denseness, occlusion and small size. The mainstream method is to use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to output density maps and obtain vehicle count results. However, most CNNs are computationally expensive and have poor real‐time performance. Therefore, we propose a lightweight CNN named GhostCount, specially designed for high‐accuracy vehicle counts on edge devices. First, we combine ResNet‐18 and Lightweight RefineNet to build an encoder–decoder network architecture to effectively extract vehicle features in complex traffic scenes. Next, we replace the ordinary convolutional layers in ResNet‐18 with Ghost modules to lighten the network. Finally, a binary cross‐entropy loss function is introduced to suppress background noise. We demonstrate GhostCount on public datasets (TRANCOS, CARPK, PUCPR+) and our self‐built dataset (CSCAR). Results show that GhostCount can perform instantaneous vehicle counting with higher accuracy and faster inference speed than other representative lightweight CNNs. The method we propose would provide new solutions and ideas for ITS applications such as traffic information collection and smart parking management.
Wissenschaftliche Produktivität der universitären Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in der DACH-Region
Authors: Schömig Friederike , Palmowski Yannick , Schitz Florian , Winkler Tobias , Perka Carsten , Pumberger Matthias
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund Trotz Errungenschaften wie der Entwicklung der Hüftprothese ist die wissenschaftliche Produktivität im Bereich der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie kaum untersucht. Ziel unserer Studie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen dem H-Index und dem akademischen Rang von Ärzten/-innen in Führungspositionen in der Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (DACH-Region) zu ermitteln, um festzustellen, inwieweit dieser objektive Maßstab der wissenschaftlichen Leistung mit der klinischen Position korreliert.

Material und Methoden Alle Ärzte/-innen in leitender Funktion an einem Universitätsklinikum für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie in der DACH-Region wurden eingeschlossen. Im Zeitraum September bis November 2020 wurden das Jahr der Habilitation, die Anzahl der Publikationen und Zitationen sowie der H-Index erhoben.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 844 leitende Ärzte/-innen aus 46 Universitätskliniken eingeschlossen. Professoren/-innen publizierten mit 117,4 ± 124,8 die größte Anzahl an Artikeln und wiesen mit 20,1 ± 10,1 den größten H-Index auf (p < 0,001). Zwischen den Ländern zeigten sich signifikante Unterschiede in der Gesamtanzahl an Publikationen (p = 0,001), den Publikationen in den letzten 3 Jahren (p < 0,001) und dem H-Index (p < 0,001), wobei alle Parameter jeweils in der Schweiz am höchsten waren.

Schlussfolgerung Unsere Arbeit zeigt, dass eine hohe wissenschaftliche Produktivität mit akademischem Erfolg assoziiert ist. Die aufgezeigten Unterschiede in der DACH-Region legen den Rückschluss nahe, dass die Bedeutung der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit im klinischen Alltag signifikant variiert.
Intensivverlegungen in der COVID-19-Pandemie – eine Analyse aus einem landesweit koordinierten Intensivverlegungssystem
Authors: Flemming Andreas , Otto Andreas , Ruff Simone , Reinhardt Karsten , Ringe Bastian , Reifferscheid Florian
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung Diese Analyse untersucht den Einfluss der COVID-19-Pandemie auf ein landesweites Intensivverlegungssystem.

Material und Methoden Um die Auswirkungen der COVID-19-Intensivtransporte zu analysieren, wurden retrospektiv 2 17-monatige Betrachtungszeiträume ausgewählt.

Ergebnisse Im Untersuchungszeitraum wurden 5291 Intensivtransporte durchgeführt. Von diesen Transporten waren 525 Intensivtransporte mit COVID-19, wovon 474 (90,3%) per ITW und 51
(9,7%) mittels Luftrettungsmitteln durchgeführt worden sind.

Diskussion Die Gesamteinsatzzahlen wiesen einen initialen Rückgang auf, der sich im Verlauf wieder umkehrte. Es zeigte sich, dass die bodengebundenen Intensivtransporte anstiegen,
während die Einsatzzahlen in der Luftrettung im gesamten Zeitraum signifikant unter dem Niveau des Vergleichszeitraums lagen. Insgesamt fand sich in der Subgruppe der COVID-19-Patienten
eine erhöhte Erkrankungsschwere und intensivmedizinischer Versorgungsaufwand.
Preventing Poor Outcomes for Neurosurgical Patients
Authors: Klavansky Dana , Kellner Christopher , Ghatan Saadi , Nelson Sarah
Published: November 2022

Ensuring that patients with neurosurgical conditions have the best possible outcome requires early diagnosis, monitoring, and interventions to prevent complications and optimize care. Here, we review several neurosurgical conditions and the measures taken to prevent complications and optimize outcomes. We hope that the practical tips provided herein prove helpful in caring for neurosurgical patients.
Healthcare live! 2022: Ein Rückblick aus Sicht des Gastgebers
Authors: Herbst Vanessa , Bauer Tim
Published: November 2022

Nach zwei Jahren im digitalen Zwischenmodus war es am 14. und 15. September 2022 endlich soweit – das KRH Klinikum Region Hannover konnte als Gastgeber der diesjährigen Healthcare live! mehr als 150 Konferenzteilnehmende begrüßen, die sich gemeinsam über die Entwicklungen von heute und Trends von morgen austauschten.
Sexting and sexual behaviour in Australian adolescents
Authors: Falconer Tasha A. , Kauer Sylvia , Fisher Christopher M.
Published: November 2022

Background Previous studies have tried to determine the relationship between sexting and risky behaviour to discover whether sexting fits into a deviance or normalcy discourse. This study investigated the relationship between sexting and sexual risk behaviours, contraception use and gender. Methods The design was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the sixth National Survey of Secondary Student and Adolescent Sexual Health, collected in 2018. There were 8263 Australian adolescents (aged 14–18 years). Participants were fairly evenly split by gender, and 73% identified as heterosexual. Participants were asked a series of questions about their engagement in sexting, sexual behaviour and sexual health behaviours. Results A total of 52% of participants had sent a sext in the previous 2 months, with most being text-based sexts. Sexters were 3.29 times more likely to have engaged in anal or vaginal intercourse, and 2.88 times more likely to have gotten pregnant than non-sexters. Sexters (M = 2.76) had significantly more partners than non-sexters (M = 2.35), t(3763) = −10.99, P < 0.001. There were no significant differences in STI rates, X2(1) = 0.38, P = 0.535, or contraceptive use based on sexting status. Conclusions Sexters are more likely to have engaged in sexual intercourse and have more partners than non-sexters. Sexting is not strongly associated with other risky behaviours. Evidence for differences between sexters and non-sexters in protecting against STIs and pregnancy was not found, as there were no significant differences in contraceptive use.
On the inf-sup stability of Crouzeix-Raviart Stokes elements in 3D
Authors: Sauter Stefan , Torres Céline
Published: November 2022

We consider discretizations of the stationary Stokes equation in three spatial dimensions by non-conforming Crouzeix-Raviart elements. The original definition in the seminal paper by M. Crouzeix and P.-A. Raviart in 1973 [Rev. Française Automat. Informat. Recherche Opérationnelle Sér. Rouge 7 (1973), pp. 33–75] is implicit and also contains substantial freedom for a concrete choice.

In this paper, we introduce basic Crouzeix-Raviart spaces in 3D in analogy to the 2D case in a fully explicit way. We prove that this basic Crouzeix-Raviart element for the Stokes equation is inf-sup stable for polynomial degree

k
=
2

k=2

(quadratic velocity approximation). We identify spurious pressure modes for the conforming

(
k
,
k
−
1
)

\left ( k,k-1\right )

3D Stokes element and show that these are eliminated by using the basic Crouzeix-Raviart space.
Communication between the multidisciplinary team and families regarding nutrition and hydration for people with severe dementia in acute hospitals: a qualitative study
Authors: Anantapong Kanthee , Davies Nathan , Sampson Elizabeth L
Published: November 2022

Background

When a person with severe dementia is in hospital and has eating and drinking difficulties, communication between the multidisciplinary team and families can be challenging and lead to suboptimal care.

Objective

To gain in-depth understanding about the experiences, views and needs of family carers and hospital staff, regarding communication and conversations about nutrition and hydration, for hospital patients with severe dementia.

Design

Qualitative semi-structured interview study.

Setting

Acute hospital in England.

Methods

From January to May 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 family carers and hospital staff. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using reflexive thematic methods.

Results

Four overarching themes were developed: (i) prerequisites to initiating communication about eating and drinking; (ii) communication aiming to develop agreed care plans; (iii) difficulty discussing palliative and end-of-life care; and (iv) needs of information and plans about future eating and drinking difficulties. Families tended to wait for hospital staff to initiate discussions but usually experienced frustration with delays and repeated conversations with different staff. Some staff felt unprepared to manage these conversations and found it challenging to work across the multidisciplinary team. During discharge processes, key information and care plans about eating and drinking were not regularly passed on to people involved to avoid unnecessary readmissions.

Conclusions

In acute hospitals, family carers and hospital staff can have disjointed communications and conversations about nutrition and hydration for persons with severe dementia. Timely reassurance, ongoing discussions and clear information sharing will support communication between those involved.
Self-perceived functioning and (instrumental) activities of daily living questionnaires after a hip fracture: Do they tell the same story?
Authors: Ravensbergen Willeke M , Timmer Irie L , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Blom Jeanet W , van Eijk Monica , Achterberg Wilco P , Evers Andrea W M , van Dijk Sandra , Drewes Yvonne M
Published: November 2022

Background

(Instrumental) activities of daily living ((I)ADL) questionnaires are often used as a measure of functioning for different purposes. Depending on the purpose, a measurement of functioning that includes subjective patient perspectives can be relevant. However, it is unclear to what extent (I)ADL instruments capture self-perceived functioning.

Objective

Explore what functioning means to older persons after a hip fracture and assess the extent to which (I)ADL instruments align with self-perceived functioning.

Design

Qualitative interview study with framework analysis.

Setting

Prospective cohort study on recovery after a hip fracture among older persons in a hospital in a large city in the west of the Netherlands.

Subjects

Eighteen home-dwelling older persons (≥70 years) who had a hip fracture 6–12 months ago.

Methods

Telephone interviews about functioning before and after the hip fracture were coded and analysed using the framework method.

Results

The activities mentioned by participants to be part of their self-perceived functioning could be split into activities necessary to maintain the desired level of independence, and more personal activities that were of value to participants. Both the ‘independence activities’ and the ‘valued activities’ mentioned went beyond the activities included in (I)ADL questionnaires. Due to various coping strategies, limitations in activities that are measured in the (I)ADL questionnaires did not necessarily lead to worse self-perceived functioning.

Conclusion

Self-perceived functioning differs from functioning measured with (I)ADL questionnaires in the items included and the weighing of limitations in activities. Thus, (I)ADL instruments alone are not enough to measure functioning from the perspective of the older person.
Adherence to antimicrobial agent recommendations and utilization during drug shortages
Authors: Urban Victoria , Lee Brian R , Goldman Jennifer L , Duty Ashley , Wirtz Ann L
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Antimicrobial shortages occur frequently, but the impact on antimicrobial use is not well defined. The study objectives were to characterize utilization of antimicrobial agents with established restrictions during a medication shortage, assess utilization of shortage antimicrobials following shortage resolution, and examine use of recommended alternative antimicrobials during the shortage period.

Methods

Five antimicrobials were restricted due to shortages from 2015 through 2020. Chart review of inpatients receiving a shortage medication during each restriction period was performed to determine factors influencing adherence to established restriction criteria. To assess antimicrobial utilization during shortages and following shortage resolution, days of therapy per 1,000 patient days were analyzed for each shortage and alternative antimicrobial.

Results

Across 266 patients receiving shortage antimicrobials, antimicrobial use was adherent to restriction criteria for 151 patients (57%). Meropenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, and piperacillin/tazobactam had the greatest adherence. Median duration of therapy was shorter in the nonadherent group than in the adherent group (4 vs 2 days, P < 0.0001). Shortage antimicrobial use was more likely to be nonadherent for indications such as sepsis rule out, surgical prophylaxis, and urinary tract infection. Adherence increased with use of visual cues in the chart (99% vs 94%, P = 0.03). Utilization of shortage agents decreased during shortage and restriction periods. After shortage resolution, utilization exceeded baseline usage for all agents except meropenem and metronidazole, for which usage returned to baseline. Utilization of 1 to 2 recommended alternative agents for each shortage agent significantly increased during the shortage and restriction periods.

Conclusion

Current strategies for restriction significantly decreased utilization of shortage antimicrobials, but additional opportunities exist. Identifying alternative agents and providing visual cues increased adherence.