bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2-methoxyestradiol Prevents LNCaP Tumor Development in Nude Mice: Potential Role of G2/M Regulatory proteins
Authors: Horny Cara , Balasubashini Muralimanoharan Sri , Komanduri Krishna , Ganapathy Manonmani , Yeh I-Tien , Ghosh Rita , Kumar Addanki P.
Published: November 2017

Nontoxic naturally occurring metabolite of estrogen namely 2-methoxyestradial (2ME2) found in serum and urine has been shown to be antitumorigenic in various tumor models including the prostate. A recent study conducted in breast cancer cells showed growth stimulatory effect of 2ME2 when used at low concentrations (10-750 nM). Studies from our laboratory has demonstrated prostate tumor preventive ability of 50 mg/kg 2-ME2. In this study we show that concentrations of 2-ME2 as low as 1 μM is sufficient to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in androgen responsive LNCaP cells. In addition oral administration of doses lower than 50 mg/kg prevented prostate tumor development in LNCaP xenograft model. The observed tumor growth inhibition was associated with induction of apoptosis, increased expression of Wee1 kinase and p34cdc2. In addition administration of 25 mg/kg 2-ME2 prevented tumor development significantly that is associated with reduction in serum PSA levels.
RTKN2 Induces NF-KappaB Dependent Resistance to Intrinsic Apoptosis in HEK Cells and Regulates BCL-2 Genes in Human CD4+Lymphocytes
Authors: Collier Fiona M , Loving Andrea , Baker Adele J , McLeod Janet , Walder Ken , Kirkland Mark A
Published: November 2017

The gene for Rhotekin 2 (RTKN2) was originally identified in a promyelocytic cell line resistant to oxysterol-induced apoptosis. It is differentially expressed in freshly isolated CD4+T-cells compared with other hematopoietic cells and is down-regulated following activation of the T-cell receptor. However, very little is known about the function of RTKN2 other than its homology to Rho-GTPase effector, rhotekin, and the possibility that they may have similar roles. Here we show that stable expression of RTKN2 in HEK cells enhanced survival in response to intrinsic apoptotic agents; 25-hydroxy cholesterol and camptothecin, but not the extrinsic agent, TNFα. Inhibitors of NF-KappaB, but not MAPK, reversed the resistance and mitochondrial pro-apoptotic genes, Bax and Bim, were down regulated. In these cells, there was no evidence of RTKN2 binding to the GTPases, RhoA or Rac2. Consistent with the role of RTKN2 in HEK over-expressing cells, suppression of RTKN2 in primary human CD4+T-cells reduced viability and increased sensitivity to 25-OHC. The expression of the pro-apoptotic genes, Bax and Bim were increased while BCL-2 was decreased. In both cell models RTKN2 played a role in the process of intrinsic apoptosis and this was dependent on either NF-KappaB signaling or expression of downstream BCL-2 genes. As RTKN2 is a highly expressed in CD4+T-cells it may play a role as a key signaling switch for regulation of genes involved in T-cell survival.
Massive carbon addition to an organic-rich Andosol did not increase the topsoil but the subsoil carbon stock
Authors: Zieger Antonia , Kaiser Klaus , Ríos Guayasamín Pedro , Kaupenjohann Martin
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Andosols are among the most carbon rich soils, with an average of 254 Mg ha−1 organic carbon (OC) in the upper 100 cm. A current theory proposes an upper limit for OC stocks independent of increasing carbon input. This is assigned to finite binding capacities for organic matter (OM) of the soil mineral phase. We tested the possible limits in OC stocks for Andosols with already large OC concentrations and stocks (210 g kg−1 in the first horizon; 320 Mg ha−1 in the upper 100 cm). The soils received large inputs of 1800 Mg OC ha−1 as sawdust within a time period of 20 years. Adjacent soils without sawdust application served as controls. We determined total OC stocks as well as the storage forms of OM of five horizons down to 100 cm depth. Storage forms considered were pyrogenic carbon, OM of  2.0 g cm−3. The two fractions > 1.6 g cm−3 were also analyzed for Al-organic matter complexes (Al-OM complexes) and imogolite-type phases using ammonium oxalate-oxalic acid extraction and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Pyrogenic organic carbon represented only up to 5 wt % of OC, and thus, contributed little to soil OM. In the two topsoil horizons, the fraction between > 1.6 and 2.0 g cm−3 had 65–86 wt % of bulk soil OC and were dominated by Al-OM complexes. In deeper horizons, the fraction > 2.0 g cm−3 contained 80–97 wt % of bulk soil's total OC and was characterized by a mixture of Al-OM complexes and imogolite-type phases, with proportions of imogolite-type phases increasing with depth. In response to the sawdust application, only the OC stock in 25–50 cm depth increased significantly (P = 0.05). The increase was entirely due to increased OC in the two fractions > 1.6 g cm−3. However, there was no significant increase in the total OC stocks within the upper 100 cm. We assume, the topsoil is saturated in terms of OC concentrations, and thus, added OC partly migrates downwards, where it becomes retained by OC-undersaturated minerals. This indicates the possibility to sustainably increase already large OC stocks further, given that the subsoil still has binding capacity and OC transport into deeper horizons is facilitated. The little additional OC accumulation despite the extremely large OC input over 20 years, however, shows that long time periods of high input are needed to promote the downward movement and deep soil storage of OC.
The Bern Simple Climate Model (BernSCM) v1.0: an extensible and fully documented open source reimplementation of the Bern reduced form model for global carbon cycle-climate simulations
Authors: Strassmann Kuno , Joos Fortunat
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Bern Simple Climate Model (BernSCM v1.0) is a free open source reimplementation of a reduced form carbon cycle-climate model which has been used widely in previous scientific work and IPCC assessments. BernSCM represents the carbon cycle and climate system with a small set of equations for the heat and carbon budget, the parametrization of major nonlinearities, and the substitution of complex component systems with impulse response functions (IRF). The IRF approach allows cost-efficient yet accurate substitution of detailed parent models of climate system components with near linear behaviour. Illustrative simulations of scenarios from previous multi-model studies show that BernSCM is broadly representative of the range of the climate-carbon cycle response simulated by more complex and detailed models. Model code (in Fortran) was written from scratch with transparency and extensibility in mind, and is provided as open source. BernSCM makes scientifically sound carbon cycle-climate modeling available for many applications. Supporting up to decadal timesteps with high accuracy, it is suitable for studies with high computational load, and for coupling with, e.g., Integrated Assessment Models (IAM). Further applications include climate risk assessment in a business, public, or educational context, and the estimation of CO2 and climate benefits of emission mitigation options.
Deriving surface soil moisture from reflected GNSS signal observations from a grassland site in southwestern France
Authors: Zhang Sibo , Calvet Jean-Christophe , Darrozes José , Roussel Nicolas , Frappart Frédéric , Bouhours Gilles
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This work aims to assess the estimation of surface volumetric soil moisture (VSM) using the Global Navigation Satellite System Interferometric Reflectometry (GNSS-IR) technique. Year-round observations were acquired from a grassland site in southwestern France using an antenna consecutively placed at two contrasting heights above the ground surface (3.3 or 29.4 m). The VSM retrievals are compared with two independent reference datasets: in situ observations of soil moisture, and numerical simulations of soil moisture and vegetation biomass from the ISBA (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere) land surface model. Scaled VSM estimates can be retrieved throughout the year removing vegetation effects by the separation of growth and senescence periods and by the filtering of the GNSS-IR observations that are most affected by vegetation. Antenna height has no significant impact on the quality of VSM estimates. Comparisons between the VSM GNSS-IR retrievals and the in situ VSM observations at a depth of 5 cm show a good agreement (R2 = 0.86 and RMSE = 0.04 m3 m−3). It is shown that the signal is sensitive to the grass litter water content and that this effect triggers differences between VSM retrievals and in situ VSM observations at depths of 1 cm and 5 cm, especially during light rainfall events.
Sedimentary mechanisms of a modern banded iron formation on Milos Island, Greece
Authors: Chi Fru Ernest , Kilias Stephanos , Ivarsson Magnus , Rattray Jayne E. , Gkika Katerina , McDonald Iain , He Qian , Broman Curt
Published: November 2017

Abstract. An Early Quaternary shallow submarine hydrothermal iron formation (IF) in the Cape Vani sedimentary basin (CVSB) on Milos Island, Greece, displays banded rhythmicity similar to Precambrian banded iron formation (BIF). Sedimentary, stratigraphic reconstruction, biogeochemical analysis and micro-nanoscale mineralogical characterization confirms the Milos rocks as modern Precambrian BIF analogues. Spatial coverage of the BIF-type rocks in relation to the economic grade Mn ore that brought prominence to the CVSB implicates tectonic activity and changing redox in the deposition of the BIF-type rocks. Field-wide stratigraphic and biogeochemical reconstruction demonstrates two temporal and spatially isolated iron deposits in the CVSB with distinct sedimentological character. Petrographic screening suggest the previously described photoferrotrophic-like microfossil-rich IF (MFIF), accumulated on basement andesite in a ~ 150 m wide basin, in the SW margin of the basin. A strongly banded non-fossiliferous IF (NFIF) caps the Mn-rich sandstones at the transition to the renowned Mn-rich formation. Geochemical evidence relates the origin of the NFIF to periodic submarine volcanism and water column oxidation of released Fe(II) in conditions apparently predominated by anoxia, similar to the MFIF. This is manifested in the lack of shale-normalized Ce anomalies. Raman spectroscopy pairs hematite-rich grains in the NFIF with relics of a carbonaceous material carrying an average δ13Corg signature of ~ −25 ‰. However, a similar δ13Corg signature in the MFIF is not directly coupled to hematite by mineralogy. The NFIF, which post dates large-scale Mn deposition in the CVSB, is composed primarily of amorphous Si (opal-SiO2 · nH2O) while crystalline quartz (SiO2) predominates the MFIF. An intricate interaction between tectonic processes, changing redox, biological activity and abiotic Si precipitation, formed the unmetamorphosed BIF-type deposits.
Review article: The hydrology of debris-covered glaciers – state of the science and future research directions
Authors: Miles Katie E. , Hubbard Bryn , Irvine-Fynn Tristam D. L. , Miles Evan S. , Quincey Duncan J. , Rowan Ann V.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Debris-covered glaciers (DCGs) are characterised by distinct hydrological systems that differ fundamentally from those observed on clean-ice valley glaciers. To date, most studies of DCG hydrology have focused on supraglacial hydrology, given that surface streams are broadly accessible and repeat observations can lead to conceptual models of channel evolution. Few have characterised englacial conduits and their layout, and none have directly investigated potential subglacial drainage networks in any setting. In this review, we summarise the current state of knowledge relating to DCG hydrology with a global focus, and present our own field observations to illustrate the distinct nature of DCG landforms on a receding high-elevation glacier in the Himalaya. We draw on recent work that has gone some way towards providing a process-based understanding of the formation and evolution of englacial and subglacial hydrological pathways and consider the role that DCG hydrology plays in regulating water supplies to downstream communities, contrasting this information with clean-ice examples. We conclude by identifying important knowledge gaps that might be considered priorities for future research into DCG hydrology.
Forord
Authors: Irgens Lorentz M.
Published: November 2017

-
Svangerskapsdatering
Authors: Gjessing Håkon K.
Published: November 2017

SAMMENDRAGSvangerskapsdatering er et komplekst felt med mange aspekter. Minst tre svært forskjellige metoder fordatering er i bruk: siste menstruasjon, ultralyd samt tidspunkt for fertilisering eller overføring av embryoved in vitro-fertilisering. Bare innenfor ultralyddatering finnes en stor mengde forskjellige “formler” fordatering. Jeg gir her en kort oversikt over de forskjellige tilnærmingene til svangerskapsdatering og visernoen av prinsippene bak populasjonsbasert ultralyddatering.ENGLISH ABSTRACTPregnancy dating is a complex and multifaceted field. At least three very different methods for dating arecommonly used: last menstrual period, ultrasound, and date of fertilization or embryo transfer during invitro fertilization. Within ultrasound dating alone there is a wide range of different “formulas” for dating. Ipresent a short overview over the different approaches to pregnancy dating and show some of the principlesbehind population-based ultrasound dating.
Medisinsk fødselsregister i miljøovervåkingen – muligheter og begrensninger
Authors: Kristensen Petter
Published: November 2017

SAMMENDRAGOvervåking har vært en prioritert oppgave for Medisinsk fødselsregister helt siden starten i 1967. Denneoversikten dekker miljøovervåkingen, i første rekke arbeidsmiljø og ytre miljø. Overvåkingen har størstfokus på medfødte misdannelser, men dekker også andre skadelige utfall som oppdages ved fødsel eller iløpet av første leveår. Clustere, tilsynelatende uvanlige opphopninger i tid og/eller rom av skadeutfall, ersentrale i overvåking. Den systematiske overvåkingen foregår i stor grad i EUROCAT-nettverket, og ersærlig egnet til å avdekke plutselige, utbredte, og/eller svært teratogene eksponeringsagens. Miljøovervåkingenkan også være ad-hoc basert, enten proaktivt med oppfølging av skadeutfall under mistanke etteren miljøhendelse, eller reaktivt som en utredning av miljøårsaker etter observasjon av et på forhånd uventetcluster av sykdom eller skade. Som eksempler blir Medisinsk fødselsregisters rolle i oppfølging avTsjernobylulykken i 1986 og Kvikksaken på 1990- og 2000-tallet gjennomgått. Akilleshælen i miljøovervåkingener mangelfulle eksponeringsdata.Kristensen P. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway in environmental surveillance – possibilities andlimitations. Nor J Epidem iol 2017; 27 (1-2): 41-46.ENGLISH SUMMARYSurveillance by The Medical Birth Registry of Norway has been a prioritized task since the start in 1967.This presentation covers surveillance in the occupational and outer environment. Surveillance has primaryfocus on birth defects but encompasses also other adverse effects present at birth or during the first year oflife. Clusters, apparent unusual increases in time and/or space of adverse events, are important in surveillance.Systematic surveillance is largely carried out in the EUROCAT network, and is particularly suited fordiscovering exposure agents that are sudden, widespread, and/or highly teratogenic. Ad-hoc environmentalsurveillance can be carried out in the aftermath of an exposure incident, searching for increases in adverseoutcomes under suspicion, or as a search for causal explanations after observing unexpected clustering ofadverse outcomes. I present examples of the two: investigations after Chernobyl, and examinations ofclustering of birth defects among children whose fathers served on board the naval vessel KNM Kvikk. TheAchilles heel of the Birth Registry’s environmental surveillance is insufficient exposure data.
The optimal shape of an aortic heart valve replacement – on the road to the consensus
Authors: Wojciechowska Dorota , Liberski Albert Ryszard , Wilczek Piotr , Butcher Jonathan , Scharfschwerdt Michael , Hijazi Ziyad , Kasprzak Jarosław , Pibarot Philippe , Bianco Richard
Published: November 2017

The steady increase in the number of patients with diseased aortic valves demands the development of effective aortic valve replacement procedures. Engineering and technology offer various manufactured alternatives, but none can exactly match the natural human valve. In addition to the experts of heart valve tissue engineering, many researchers focus on specific aspects of the manufacturing of artificial valves. The aim of this study was to benefit such manufacturing processes. From the contributor's perspective, it is vital to gain comprehensive knowledge before embarking on this project. The perfect/optimal shape of the valve is the fundamental aspect that needs to be considered by all participants. It is noteworthy that the geometry not only limits the functionality of the structure but also determines the choice of material and engineering methods. In this study, we attempt to determine if current knowledge is sufficient to reach consensus on the issue of the optimum shape of the valve. Here, we not only provide a brief overview of traditional literature but also include the opinions of experts. This innovative way of scientific communication is unprecedented in scientific literature, and we hope that both professionals and contributors will find this study useful.
Cost premiums for green buildings in Qatar
Authors: McKenna David
Published: November 2017

The aim of this paper is to start a conversation about the cost premium for green buildings in Qatar. It examines what Qatar has achieved over the last decade and explores the root cause of green building cost premiums, why they exist, what can we do about them, and why should we accept them. For the purposes of this paper, the term green building specifically refers to buildings pursuing certification under USGBC's “LEED” or GORD's “GSAS” rating system, which are most commonly used in Qatar.

However, lower oil prices have led to tighter spending and a greater focus on value engineering and cost savings. It is assumed that the environmental benefits of green buildings are understood and taken as given. Accordingly, here we aim to shift the conversation toward how to maximize value from implementing green building rating systems. We analyze the costs and benefits of the main GB rating systems currently used in Qatar, such as GSAS and LEED. By identifying the costs of constructing a green building, in this study, we aim to inform developers how to minimize the cost premium while getting more benefits. We also identify some of the causes of key problems that can occur on GB projects, where GB cost premiums can increase beyond what is typical for the certification level achieved. These problems can often lead to symptoms beyond cost over-runs and can manifest themselves as time delays, quality, and other issues. In addition, some of the key strategies to reduce GB costs and increase the economic benefits from achieving GB certifications are identified.

We conclude the paper with some recommendations to authorities for adopting GB rating systems on a wider scale to achieve a greater scale of change. We focus on some key issues with the GSAS rating schemes that influence GB costs and strive for a common energy simulation approach for all regional GB rating systems in the GCC. We also discuss how the integrity of a GB rating system is imperative to building confidence in the value of each certification level, which should result in “Green Premiums” being reflected in the property market. Finally, we argue that with support from Qatar Green Building Council and GORD, Qatar's planning authorities should initiate programs for the sustainable development of buildings in Qatar.
Bowel obstruction and cecal volvulus as a complication of laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding: A case report
Authors: Levy Paul , Smith Lauren
Published: November 2017

Obesity is a common condition in westernized countries and it is increasing in prevalence in both pediatric and adult populations. Morbidity associated with severe obesity can be life threatening. Surgical intervention has demonstrated efficacy at reduction of morbidity and mortality resulting from obesity. The laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a well-known bariatric procedure which has been popular for its minimally invasive approach. Several early and late complications from this procedure have been reported in the literature. The most common complications involve slippage of the band and local inflammatory processes related to the subcutaneous port site. This case report describes a 59-year-old female who developed a bowel obstruction secondary to a cecal volvulus caused by adhesions to her gastric band connecting tube. This is another example of one of the many growing, yet unusual complications associated with the LABG.
Estimating the Optimal Time for a Road Concession Contract in Brazil
Authors: Pivatto Douglas , Fernandez Rodrigo Nobre , Saulo Helton , Carraro Andre
Published: November 2017

Brazil has one of the largest road networks managed under concession contracts in the world. The concessions of the Federal Concession Program are divided into three stages. The main aim of this research was to identify critical successful contracts from the Third Stage of the Concession Program. The methodology adopted follows the model proposed by Ng et al. (2007). This model verifies the probability at which the project will be successfully run within the term contract. The results showed a discrepancy between the time contractually agreed and the one simulated by the model for two of the seven contracts signed in the Third Stage of the Concession Program.
Oportunidades de aprendizaje en temáticas ambientales brindadas por el currículum nacional de ciencias de Chile
Authors: Navarro Ciudad Marianela Beatriz
Published: November 2017

El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar en qué medida el currículum nacional de ciencias de Chile brinda oportunidades de alfabetización científica en temas ambientales. Para ello se efectuó un análisis de contenido de documentos curriculares, utilizando la metodología del estudio de oportunidades en matemáticas y ciencias (SMSO) y utilizando como referente los contenidos de medio ambiente que PISA evalúa. Los resultados muestran oportunidades de aprendizaje parcialmente alineadas entre los requerimientos actuales de alfabetización científica ambiental y el currículum nacional de ciencias de Chile. Esto podría explicar en parte el desempeño de los estudiantes chilenos en medio ambiente. El estudio entrega antecedentes que aportan al desarrollo de un currículum de ciencias que promueva la educación para el desarrollo sostenible.
Actividades didácticas para el tono como cualidad del sonido, en cursos de física del nivel básico, mediadas por la tecnología digital
Authors: Cuevas Vallejo Carlos Armando , Villamizar Araque Freddy Yesid , Martínez Uribe Alfredo
Published: November 2017

El propósito de este artículo es promover la comprensión del tono como cualidad del sonido y de los conceptos matemáticos asociados a su modelización, mediante el diseño y la aplicación de actividades didácticas. El concepto de sonido y sus cualidades forman parte del programa de estudios de segundo grado de la educación básica de física en México y del cuarto grado de secundaria en Colombia (edades entre 13 y 15 años). Para el diseño de las actividades se requirió el empleo de aplicaciones informáticas (apps) dispuestas en dispositivos móviles como laboratorio portable, un marco didáctico y el desarrollo de una propuesta de modelización. La experiencia se implementó en dos países y se desarrolló en cuatro fases. Se mostrarán evidencias del cambio conceptual en los estudiantes.
Ciencia y arte se encuentran: el caso del telescopio de Galileo
Authors: Vázquez Manassero Margarita Ana , Vázquez Alonso Ángel
Published: November 2017

Se plantea un enfoque interdisciplinar para la enseñanza de las ciencias basado en la historia de la ciencia y la historia del arte. El enfoque es innovador, pues recupera la historia de la ciencia para el aprendizaje, y se complementa con productos del arte, cuya accesibilidad y fácil comprensión amplifican la atracción y motivación de los estudiantes. Integrando ciencias y humanidades, ya que historia y arte son también materias escolares, este enfoque interdisciplinar propone una enseñanza de ciencias humanística. Este enfoque se contextualiza con el caso del telescopio de Galileo, que aporta cuestiones adicionales de naturaleza de la ciencia y tecnología (nacimiento de la ciencia), las relaciones ciencia-tecnología (instrumentación científica) y las relaciones generales de ciencia y tecnología con la sociedad (arte). A modo de ejemplo, se elabora una propuesta didáctica global para el caso.
Qué enseña y evalúa sobre nutrición humana un grupo de profesores españoles y portugueses de educación primaria
Authors: Rivadulla-López Juan Carlos , García Barros Susana , Martínez Losada Cristina
Published: November 2017

Se analizan 1.332 actividades de enseñanza y 227 cuestiones de evaluación dirigidas al estudio de la nutrición humana para conocer las ideas clave que enseñan y evalúan diez profesores españoles y diez portugueses de 5.º/6.º curso de educación primaria. Para ello, se emplean dosieres de análisis basándonos en la ciencia escolar, que atienden al concepto de nutrición, a los sistemas implicados, a la alimentación saludable y a la relación alimentación/nutrición y medio. Mediante el análisis de resultados se establecen niveles de adecuación y perfiles docentes. Los profesores españoles enseñan sobre todo ideas asociadas a los órganos/sistemas, y los portugueses, el concepto de nutrición a nivel celular. En general, se evalúan menos aspectos que los que enseñan. Respecto a los perfiles docentes, los profesores españoles alcanzan uno medio-bajo, y los portugueses, uno alto-medio. Finalmente, se presentan recomendaciones didácticas derivadas de los resultados.
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMES AS PART OF CORPORATE
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY STRATEGY IN LOGISTICS
Authors: Książkiewicz Dorota
Published: November 2017

The idea of corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes a popular base to form
a long-term competitive strategy in logistics. Global logistic market demands
high efficiency, complying with global quality standards and offering services
at unified prices worldwide. Therefore logistic companies very often aim to raise
their competitive potential by forming a strategy that allows for a long-term
stable growth, based not only on reaching economic goals, but also on friendly
coexistence of the company and its environment (CSR approach). The paper shows
that educational programmes can be applied in relation to various issues of social
responsibility chosen by an individual company. They can become an efficient tool
to fulfill CSR goals in a strategy of a global logistic provider, as well as it can support
the strategy of a much smaller logistic company. The benefits of a well-designed
and implemented educational programmes are presented.
Masculinities under Neoliberalism
Authors: Mikkelsen Henrik Hvenegaard
Published: November 2017

Book Review of 'Masculinities under Neoliberalism',Cornwall, Andrea, Karioris, Frank G. and Lindisfarne, Nancy (Eds.) 2016. Masculinities under Neoliberalism. London: Zed Books.
C&RL Spotlight
Authors: Kaspar Wendi
Published: November 2017

C&RL has selected a new social media editor in Ellen Filgo and are happy to welcome her. Through some discussions with Ellen, we have determined that there is opportunity to change the Spotlight up a little. The Spotlight has served as a kind of bridge between the scholarly, research-oriented content in C&RL and the more applied cases and best practices focus of C&RL News. While there is overlap between the readerships, the expectations of each are different. The Spotlight is intended to bring research to the attention of the C&RL News readership; however, these papers are not necessarily framed in such a way that the implications and benefits for practice are obvious. In addition, in an effort to be responsive to new forms of media and the popular venues for getting timely information, we are reframing and refocusing.
Can MP(P)4 Compounds Form Complexes with C60?
Authors: E. Kuznetsov Aleksey
Published: November 2017

Numerous complexes between versatile derivatives of metalloporphyrins MP (with M being Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Fe) and C60 have been synthesized and characterized recently. Favorable van der Waals attractions between the curved p-surface of the fullerene and the planar p-surface of MP assist in the supramolecular recognition, overcoming the necessity of matching a concave-shaped host with a convex-shaped guest structure. Recently, we reported the computational studies of the structures and electronic properties of the series of metalloporphyrins where all the four pyrrole nitrogen atoms are replaced with P-atoms, MP(P)4, M = Sc-Zn. Motivated by the numerous examples of the complex formation between regular planar or quasi-planar MP and C60, we computationally investigated possibility of the complex formation between two MP(P)4 species, ZnP(P)4 and NiP(P)4, and C60 without any linkers, using the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G* approach, both in the gas phase and with implicit effects from C6H6. We found that the binding energies in the MP(P)4-C60 complexes for these two MP(P)4 compounds are relatively low, ca. 1-1.6 kcal/mol and ca. 5 kcal/mol for M = Zn and Ni, respectively. The ZnP(P)4 species was found to be noticeably distorted in the ZnP(P)4-C60 complex whereas NiP(P)4 inside the NiP(P)4-C60 complex essentially retained its bowl-like shape. Thus, we showed the possibility of the formation of complexes between MP(P)4 species and C60 without any linkers and showed dependence of the complex stability on the transition metal M. Further investigations are in progress.
Promoting Corporate Philanthropic Efforts through Social Media
Authors: Lee Hen Ping , Holladay Sherry J.
Published: November 2017

Corporations face the challenge of creating awareness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts while avoiding the appearance of being overly self-congratulatory or self-serving. The low cost and less obtrusive format of social media may make it a useful communication option for creating awareness of philanthropic activities. Content analysis was used to examine how three types of social media (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube) were used to provide information on corporate philanthropic activities. Forty corporations from the Fortune 100 were sampled to address three research questions. The first two research questions pertained to the availability of social media tools and the specific locations of access to those tools. Results revealed 82.5% of the 40 corporations provided links to at least one social media platform and 22 provided at least one type of link to at least one type of philanthropic activity. The third research question examined how social media platforms were used to report the eight types of philanthropy identified by Kotler and Lee (2005). In all, 140 philanthropic activities were reported. The most frequently reported types of philanthropic activity included donating cash (n = 72, 51.40%), donating products (n = 27, 19.30%), donating services (n = 15, 10.71%), offering grants (n = 13, 9.29%), and awarding scholarships (n = 5, 5.71%). Other types of philanthropy were infrequent. Results suggest these social media platforms offer a viable option for brief reports of philanthropic activities.
Coming to Terms with Medical Terms – Exploring Insights from Native and Non-native English Speakers in Patient-physician Communication
Authors: Dahm Maria
Published: November 2017

Using medical terminology involves a large risk of miscommunication in English-medium consultations as patients often do not know or misunderstand the terms commonly used by physicians, or even misuse terms in their interactions with medical professionals (Hadlow/Pitts 1991; Street 2003). Patients and physicians also frequently associate different meanings with the same medical terms, which further threatens patient-physician communication (Hadlow/Pitts 1991). To date most investigations on the impact of medical terminology have focused on native English speaking (NES) individuals in monolingual encounters, while insights from non-native English speaking (NNES) physicians and patients have been largely neglected. Through semi-structured interviews, this qualitative explorative study investigates the experiences of patients and physicians from diverse linguistic backgrounds in medical encounters within Australia. A particular focus is given to the way NES and NNES participants perceive and judge the impact of the meaning of medical terms on patient-physician communication. Findings suggest that both the use and meaning of medical terminology are perceived and judged very differently by individuals who come from different language backgrounds and who hold varying degrees of medical knowledge. Findings indicate that common blanket recommendations urging medical professionals to avoid or explain jargon may be futile since physicians and patient also diverge in their understanding of what constitutes jargon or medical terminology.
En mis primeros años de vida, cómo era la imagen en la enseñanza del arte
Authors: Alonso-Sanz Amparo
Published: November 2017

¿Cómo podrían haber sido las cosas en España, en educación artística, si Ana Mae Barbosa en vez de ser brasileña hubiera sido española? Me ronda esta pregunta al punto casi de atormentarme porque soy consciente, tras haber leído este libro, de cómo hemos estado de descontextualizados económica, social y políticamente durante años en España del horizonte internacional. El panorama español para los educadores en arte es fruto de una trayectoria histórica tan ajena a la evolución acontecida en Estados Unidos, en Sudamérica y en el resto de Europa; que no puedo más que recomendar la lectura de este libro como forma de expiar nuestras culpas o de desandar lo que nunca llegamos a andar.
Las Bellas Artes reducidas a un único principio, las claves de Charles Batteux
Authors: De la Calle Roman
Published: November 2017

Nuestras reflexiones iniciales apuntan directamente a la rememoración del origen ilustrado del “sistema de las artes”, convertido en uno de los fundamentos académicos que la historia iba a proyectar sobre la modernidad, convertido dicho sistema, por una parte, en barandilla de inmediato futuro, pero por otra, asimismo -un largo siglo después-, en objetivo evidente de necesaria superación, de cara al posterior desarrollo de las (aún) lejanas (y no esperadas) vanguardias.
Políticas de educación artística en países americanos: el abordaje triangular
Authors: Huerta Ramon Ricard
Published: November 2017

El trabajo de Ana Mae Barbosa siempre ha tenido como objetivo la idea de conocer y mejorar las prácticas que se llevan a cabo en educación artística, al mismo tiempo que ha puesto en marcha numerosas iniciativas para integrar los esfuerzos del colectivo de profesionales latinoamericanos inmersos e implicados en las pedagogías del arte.
Estableciendo redes entre artistas, alumnado de colegios y estudiantes de magisterio
Authors: Huerta Ramon Ricard
Published: November 2017

Se hace necesaria una mayor colaboración entre colectivos de docentes y artistas. Si este concierto imprescindible lo iniciamos en el momento en que se están formando los futuros docentes durante su etapa universitaria, entonces hemos avanzado mucho. Si además implicamos a centros educativos en la contienda, en ese caso tenemos ganada la batalla del acercamiento del público más joven hacia el arte contemporáneo.
LANDSLIDE ON LOCATION OF WATER SOURCE STUDENAC NEAR BIJELJINA, REPUBLIKA SRPSKA
Authors: Đurić Neđo , Perisić Milan , Đurić Dijana
Published: November 2017

The landslide is located in the hinterland of water source "Studenac" in the local community Gornja Cadjavica near Bijeljina. The field where the triggered landslide occurred is conditionally stable slope. It is overgrown with forest trees and therefore it was not a subject of interest in terms of its stability until the water source and accompanying local road have been constructed in the lower part of the slope. Additionally the slope was undercut resulting in jeopardizing its conditional natural stability. At first, it was about some slight ground movements requiring no significant interventions. As the time was passing by site conditions have been changing. During winter and spring time movement of rock blocks is more intense due to large amount of surface and underground water whereby such a process was significantly slower and almost calm in the summer time. Such a cycle was repeated for several years until late 2010 when massive collapse of the unstable zone, which might be called ‘landslide’, endangered not only the local road but also the water source. For the purposes of overviewing the site and landslide characteristics as a whole, exhaustive researches were carried out within the part of the site affected by sliding at the surface of about 0,4 ha. A field surveying of wider area was also conducted. The landslide is located at relatively steep slope where the height distance between the crown and the toe of the landslide is 14,0 m. General slope angle is up to 100 and in those parts where landslides occur they are up to 250 . Sliding plane has been formed at depth of 2,5 to 4 m depending on terrain morphology, in clay of high plasticity (CH groups). The main cause of landslides is surface and underground water. Within the scope of remediation project two restorative measures were applied. The main recovery measure was placement of AB retaining concrete wall which was intended to accept the pressures of soil mass and to prevent it from slipping, namely to maintain the slope in stable condition. The other remedial measure was construction of an open perimeter canal at the slope above the retaining wall for the purposes of collecting surface water flowing towards the main body of the landslide and its diversion outside the sliding area.
THE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF IWA METHODOLOGY APPLICATION ON WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Authors: Vlaški Dalibor , Orašanin Goran
Published: November 2017

The key problem of water utility companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the fight to reduce the level of non revenue water (NRW) is the lack of a unique methodology with clearly defined steps. The aim of this paper is to show the possibility of accepting the concept for the control of water loss in water supply systems, which provides the International Water Association (IWA), and based on the analysis of the effects of the application of water utility companies adopt the recommended practices as an essential step for the analysis of its water supply system, with the aim of providing quality services, creating their own concept of self-sustaining and achieving customer satisfaction. Regarding the fact, a research was conducted with the aim of determining the level of non revenue water in utilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. One part of the survey involved assessment for the 20 water utility companies with different characteristics, while the second one is related to the measured data from 7 water utility companies. The analysis of the effects of IWA methodology application for reducing water loss was carried out by experimental measurements on a separate part of the water supply system defined as a district metered area (DMA), in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Genome-wide association study of pigmentary traits (skin and iris color) in individuals of East Asian ancestry
Authors: Rawofi Lida , Edwards Melissa , Krithika S , Le Phuong , Cha David , Yang Zhaohui , Ma Yanyun , Wang Jiucun , Su Bing , Jin Li , Norton Heather L. , Parra Esteban J.
Published: November 2017

Background

Currently, there is limited knowledge about the genetics underlying pigmentary traits in East Asian populations. Here, we report the results of the first genome-wide association study of pigmentary traits (skin and iris color) in individuals of East Asian ancestry.

Methods

We obtained quantitative skin pigmentation measures (M-index) in the inner upper arm of the participants using a portable reflectometer (N = 305). Quantitative measures of iris color (expressed as L*, a* and b* CIELab coordinates) were extracted from high-resolution iris pictures (N = 342). We also measured the color differences between the pupillary and ciliary regions of the iris (e.g., iris heterochromia). DNA samples were genotyped with Illumina’s Infinium Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) and imputed using the 1000 Genomes Phase 3 samples as reference haplotypes.

Results

For skin pigmentation, we did not observe any genome-wide significant signal. We followed-up in three independent Chinese samples the lead SNPs of five regions showing multiple common markers (minor allele frequency ≥ 5%) with good imputation scores and suggestive evidence of association (p-values < 10−5). One of these markers, rs2373391, which is located in an intron of the ZNF804B gene on chromosome 7, was replicated in one of the Chinese samples (p = 0.003). For iris color, we observed genome-wide signals in the OCA2 region on chromosome 15. This signal is driven by the non-synonymous rs1800414 variant, which explains 11.9%, 10.4% and 6% of the variation observed in the b*, a* and L* coordinates in our sample, respectively. However, the OCA2 region was not associated with iris heterochromia.

Discussion

Additional genome-wide association studies in East Asian samples will be necessary to further disentangle the genetic architecture of pigmentary traits in East Asian populations.
Fishing mortality and population size of the spotted sea trout Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier) from Holbox, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Aguilar-Salazar FA , Arreguín-Sánchez F , Sánchez JA , Martínez-Aguilar JD
Published: November 2017

Estimates of fishing mortality were obtained for the spotted sea trout Cynoscion nebulosus, which is exploited around Holbox Island off the northeast coast of Yucatán. Fishing mortality as a function of length follows the same pattern for the period of 1983 to 1985, showing a tendency to increase with size. Biomass estimates of the average population vary between 47 to 146 tonnes, probably due to differences in accessibility to the stock between years. The weighted average values of fishing mortality (F) and exploitation rate (F/Z) for the whole population vary within the range 0.358 ≤ F ≤ 0.528 and 0.416 ≤ E ≤ 0.512. Consequences of changes in the length at first capture and catch rate are discussed; however, because C. nebulosus is obtained from a multispecies fishery, non-target species should be considered for management purposes.
Bacteriological study of seawater for the culture of bivalve molluscs in Baja California
Authors: Orozco-Borbón MV , Segovia-Zavala JA , Delgadillo-Hinojosa F , Muñoz-Barbosa A
Published: November 2017

During critical seasons of environmental pollution, bacteriological samplings were made in Willard Bay and Los Angeles Bay, Baja California, in 1985-1987, and in Falsa Bay and Todos Santos Bay, B.C., in 1991-1993. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of the water for culturing bivalve molluscs. Bacteriological faecal indicators (total coliforms and faecal coliforms) were determined by MPN technique, according to standard methods. Except for summer 1985 in Willard Bay, when a significant amount of organic material was introduced by fishing boats, and winter 1992 in Falsa Bay and Todos Santos Bay, when there was an important input of bacteria due to rainfall, the bacteriological quality of the water was acceptable for culturing bivalve molluscs in the four locations, since the values were below the limit established by legislation.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in the Northwestern Mediterranean Deep Convection Region
Authors: Kessouri Faycal , Ulses Caroline , Estournel Claude , Marsaleix Patrick , Severin Tatiana , Pujo‐Pay Mireille , Caparros Jocelyne , Raimbault Patrick , Pasqueron de Fommervault Orens , D'Ortenzio Fabrizio , Taillandier Vincent , Testor Pierre , Conan Pascal
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to understand the biogeochemical cycles of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med), where a recurrent spring bloom related to dense water formation occurs. We used a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model at high resolution to simulate realistic 1 year period and analyze the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles. First, the model was evaluated using cruises carried out in winter, spring, and summer and a Bio‐Argo float deployed in spring. Then, the annual cycle of meteorological and hydrodynamical forcing and nutrients stocks in the upper layer were analyzed. Third, the effect of biogeochemical and physical processes on N and P was quantified. Fourth, we quantified the effects of the physical and biological processes on the seasonal changes of the molar NO3:PO4 ratio, particularly high compared to the global ocean. The deep convection reduced the NO3:PO4 ratio of upper waters, but consumption by phytoplankton increased it. Finally, N and P budgets were estimated. At the annual scale, this area constituted a sink of inorganic and a source of organic N and P for the peripheral area. NO3 and PO4 were horizontally advected from the peripheral regions into the intermediate waters (130–800 m) of the deep convection area, while organic matter was exported throughout the whole water column toward the surrounding areas. The annual budget suggests that the NW Med deep convection constitutes a major source of nutrients for the photic zone of the Mediterranean Sea.
Seismogenic Potential of a Gouge‐filled Fault and the Criterion for Its Slip Stability: Constraints From a Microphysical Model
Authors: Chen Jianye , Niemeijer A. R.
Published: November 2017

Physical constraints for the parameters of the rate‐and‐state friction (RSF) laws have been mostly lacking. We presented such constraints based on a microphysical model and demonstrated the general applicability to granular fault gouges deforming under hydrothermal conditions in a companion paper. In this paper, we examine the transition velocities for contrasting frictional behavior (i.e., strengthening to weakening and vice versa) and the slip stability of the model. The model predicts a steady state friction coefficient that increases with slip rate at very low and high slip rates and decreases in between. This allows the transition velocities to be theoretically obtained and the unstable slip regime (Vs→w < V < Vw→s) to be defined. In a spring‐slider configuration, linear perturbation analysis provides analytical expressions of the critical stiffness (Kc) below which unstable slip occurs and of the critical recurrence wavelength (Wc) and static stress drop (Δμs) associated with self‐sustained oscillations or stick slips. Numerical implementation of the model predicts frictional behavior that exhibits consecutive transitions from stable sliding, via periodic oscillations, to unstable stick slips with decreasing elastic stiffness or loading rate, and gives Kc, Wc, Δμs, Vs→w, and Vw→s values that are consistent with the analytical predictions. General scaling relations of these parameters given by the model are consistent with previous interpretations in the context of RSF laws and agree well with previous experiments, testifying to high validity. From these physics‐based expressions that allow a more reliable extrapolation to natural conditions, we discuss the seismological implications for natural faults and present topics for future work.