bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PO-58 The influence of different intensity exercise on DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metabonomic study
Authors: Zhang Xue , Cao Lu , Qi Zhengtang , Ding Shuzhe
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the influence of high internal intensity exercise and long-term moderate intensity endurance exercise on DEN-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by metabonomics approach, and compare the anti-tumor effect between the different intensity exercise. 

Methods From 8 to 26 weeks of age, mice with DEN treatment run on the treadmill at different intensity. NC: injection saline only. DEN: injection DEN only. HIT: treatment DEN, running on the treadmill at 1.5km/h, alternating run 2 minutes and rest 2 minutes for 40 minutes once a day, 5 days a week. ET: treatment DEN, running on the treadmill at o.8 km/h for 40 minutes once a day, 5 days a week. Gas chromatograph time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC−TOFMS) test liver samples of mice and multi-dimensional statistical methods fond differential metabolites in all group.

Results We observed that tumor incidence was similar between DEN and HIT; however, it was signicicantly smaller in ET compared to DEN and HIT. Orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS) model was generated based on identified metabolites and showed clear discrimination from only DEN injection group and endurance exercise group, endurance exercise group and high intensity interval exercise group. Compared to DEN group, the level of galactinol, timonacic, glycine, cholesterol, carbamate and palmitic acid significantly decreased in endurance exercise group. Nevertheless, the level of malonic acid, ornithine and glutamic acid obviously increased in endurance group. 

Conclusions Long-term endurance exercise inclines the hepatic tumor incidence by regulating the level of liver palmitic acid and glutamic acid metabolism . In addition, high intensity interval exercise does not have the effect to prevent tumor development.
PO-061 Differential expression of proteins in urea from male athletes after 30 km running evaluated by proteomics
Authors: Lin Wen  Tao , Lin HaiQi
Published: October 2018

Objective In order to elucidate the target proteins of exercise-induced stress, differential expression of proteins in urine from male athletes after 30 km running was evaluated by proteomics.

Methods Urine samples were collected from ten male runners before and after 30 km running. The differential expression profile of urine proteins was investigated by using a proteomic approach based on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) procedures.

Results Totally 1011 ± 243 and 1737 ± 15 protein spots were detected from 2-DE of urine samples harvested from the subjects before and after 30 km running. In addition, 110 protein spots with differential expression were achieved. After exercise, 10 proteins with ≥5 fold up-regulation and 23 new proteins were observed; 18 protein spots with ≥5 fold down-regulation were observed and 6 proteins were disappeared. The target proteins were identified as zinc-α2-glycoprotein, albumin, vitamin D-binding protein, prostate-specific antigen, β-actin and Bence-Jones protein (BJP), which are correlated with the change of energy metabolism pathway, material transport and stress protection in the body.

Conclusions An obviously differential protein expression profile in urine samples from the subjects after 30 km running is achieved, which provides a new idea for further exploring exercise-induced proteinuria. However, further studies need to develop urine protein profiles of athletes, which will benefit for monitoring sport competition and doping control as well as excessive exercise-induced diseases.
PO-072 Study on immune function monitoring during altitude training for adolescent athletes
Authors: Gan Chunlong , Zhao Jin , Qiu Xiaoxia , Zong Lei
Published: October 2018

Objective Monitoring the changes of the body's immune function during altitude training is of great significance for understanding the athlete's physical function and judging the degree of fatigue. In this paper, the immune function of adolescent athletes in sports training in different altitudes was monitored, and the effects of different altitude training on immunoglobulins and T lymphocytes and their subgroups in adolescent athletes were discussed.

Methods Male adolescent middle and long distance runners were divided into two groups according to training performance, 2500m group (10 people, age: 14.8±1.4 years old, height: 163.6±7.3cm, weight: 49.5±6.0kg, training period: 1.2±0.6 years) and 1800m group (10 people, age: 15.7±1.7 years old, height: 164.7±8.8cm, weight: 49.2±6.1kg, training period: 1.3±0.8 years) volunteered to participate in the 2-stage training (3 weeks plateau and 3 weeks plain). The change of CD3+CD4、CD3+CD8+CD4+/CD8+IgAIgGIgM were tested every week. 

Results The result showed that: (1)The 2500m group had shown statistical differences of CD3+CD4+CD3+CD8+ at different times, and CD4+/CD8+ had no changes. The 1800m group had not shown statistical differences of CD3+CD4+CD4+/CD8+ at different times. Compared with the base value, the CD3+CD8+ was significantly increased (P<0.01). There was no statistical differences of CD3+CD4CD3+CD8+CD4+/CD8+ at different times between two groups. (2)The 2500m group had not shown significant changes of IgA. Three weeks altitude training following with three week plain training the IgM and IgG showed a downward trend; and compared with altitude period, the IgM and IgG was lower in plain(P<0.05). The 1800m group had not shown statistical differences of IgAIgMIgG at different times. There was no statistical differences of IgAIgMIgG at different times between two groups.

Conclusions The immunity function of adolescent athletes is more affected during high altitude training, suggesting that the adolescent athletes in the pursuit of high altitude training should pay attention to the monitoring and regulation of immunity function. CD3+CD8+ is more sensitive to hypoxia which can be used as a sensitive indicator and has significant meaning in monitoring altitude training.
PO-073 The influence of cold acclimatization training on plasma NO and NOS contents in recruits
Authors: Liu Taobo
Published: October 2018

Objective To observe the influence of cold acclimatization training on plasma NO and NOS contents in recruits, so as to provide basis for further study of cold acclimatization mechanism and training methods.

Methods 50 new recruits in cold regions were chosen as study objects，were divided randomly into two groups. Control group did normal exercise, the experimental group was trained according to the cold acclimatization training plan. The content of NO and NOS in the blood plasma were detected respectively before training and 30 days after training．

Results Comparison between after training and before training，the content of plasma NO in experimental group increased very significantly (P<0.01), and the content of plasma NOS decreased very significantly (P<0.01)after training. The content of plasma NO in the control group was significantly higher than that before training (P<0.05), and the content of plasma NOS was significantly lower than that before training (P<0.05). Comparison of two groups after training，the plasma NO content of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the plasma NOS content was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions The local cold stimulation combined with the extension of outdoor exercise time can promote the changes in the content of NO and NOS, so as to adjust the vasoconstriction and make the body adaptable to the cold.
PO-074 Acute effects of lactate administration prior to endurance exercise on intramuscular signaling
Authors: Takahashi Kenya , Kitaoka Yu , Matsunaga Yutaka , Hatta Hideo
Published: October 2018

Objective High-intensity exercise, which increases blood lactate concentration, is known as an effective method to induce mitochondrial biogenesis compared to traditional endurance exercise. In addition, it has been reported that lactate acts as a signaling molecule inducing mitochondrial biogenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that efficacy of high-intensity exercise is partly induced by lactate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lactate administration on signaling related to mitochondrial biogenesis.

Methods 8-week-old male ICR mice were used in this study. Mice were intraperitoneally administrated phosphate buffered saline (PBS) or 1 g/kg of body weight of sodium lactate. Immediately after the administration, mice were kept sedentary or performed treadmill exercise (20 m/min) for 60 min. Hence, there are the following four groups in this study: the PBS-sedentary, the Lactate-sedentary, the PBS-exercised and the Lactate-exercised. The blood, and the soleus and the plantaris muscles were harvested immediately after the rest or exercise. Nucleus and mitochondria were isolated to assess the localization of p53. Two-way ANOVA (Lactate x Exercise) was performed for statistical analysis.

Results We first measured blood substrates and muscle glycogen concentrations. Lactate administration significantly increased blood lactate and plasma free fatty acid concentrations. Exercise significantly decreased glycogen concentration both in the soleus and the plantaris muscles. Furthermore, lactate administration significantly decreased muscle glycogen concentration only in the soleus muscle. To clarify the effects of lactate administration on intramuscular signaling, we assessed kinases related to mitochondrial biogenesis. Main effect of exercise was observed in phosphorylation state of AMPK, ACC, p38 MAPK, and CaMKII in the soleus and the plantaris muscles. There was a trend of negative effect of lactate in CaMKII phosphorylation in the soleus muscle. However, there was no effect of lactate administration on the other kinases. We also investigated phosphorylation and localization of p53. As a result, lactate administration tended to increase p53 phosphorylation in the plantaris muscle. However, p53 was not translocated to nucleus or mitochondria.

Conclusions Lactate administration affected plasma FFA concentration and muscle glycogen concentration. However, acute lactate administration did not dramatically change intracellular signaling assessed in this study.
PO-076 High and moderate intensity strength exercises to exhaustion activate different signaling cascades regulating protein metabolism in trained skeletal muscle
Authors: Lysenko Evgeny , Popov Daniil , Vepkhvadze Tatiana , Vinogradova Olga
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the activation of signaling cascades regulating protein synthesis and degradation after strength exercise sessions of high and moderate intensity in the muscles of athletes adapted to strength training.

Methods Eight strength-trained men were recruited for the experiment. The volunteers performed 4 sets of leg press to volitional fatigue with moderate intensity (65% 1RM) for one leg and 4 sets of leg press to volitional fatigue with high intensity (85% of 1RM) for contralateral leg. The sets for both legs were performed in turn with rest intervals of 2 min. Biopsy from m. vastus lateralis was performed before, 1, 5 and 10 hours after cessation of exercise. Content of signaling proteins was evaluated using Western blot.

Results Total work performed by the leg during moderate intensity strength exercise was 32% (P˂0,001) higher in comparison with contralateral leg performing high intensity exercise. The phosphorylation levels of p70S6kThr389 and 4E-BP1Thr37 / 46 increased only after the exercise of moderate intensity (P˂0.05). On the contrary, the phosphorylation level of ERK1 / 2Thr202 / Tyr204 increased only after the exercise of high intensity (P˂0.05). The level of phosphorylation of eEF2Thr56 significantly decreased after 1 (P˂0.001), 5 (P˂0.01) and 10 (P˂0.01) hours after the exercise of high intensity. The phosphorylation level of ACCSer79, an AMPK activation marker, was significantly increased 1 hour after the exercise of moderate intensity (P˂0.01). The phosphorylation level of FOXO1Ser256 significantly decreased after the exercises of both intensities (5 hours after the exercise of moderate intensity, P˂0.001; 1 hour after the exercise of high intensity, P˂0.05).

Conclusions Strength exercises of high and moderate intensity, performed to volitional fatigue, may cause activation of different signaling cascades. Herewith, activation of mTORC1 after strength exercise is more dependent on the total work, whereas the ERK1 / 2 and eEF2 activation on the exercise intensity.

The work was supported by RFBR grant №17-04-00878.
PO-087 4-weeks hypoxia (HHL) training improves rowers’ cutaneous microcirculation
Authors: Meng Zhijun , Gao Binghong
Published: October 2018

Objective Sport scientists always pay attention to cardiorespiratory and hematologic system on benefit of hypoxic training, but peripheral circulation may be one of these benefit, which is one cause of improving performance. So, in order to know whether or not hypoxic training affect athletes’ cutaneous microcirculation, we test rowers’ microcirculation for 4 weeks’ High Live-High Train-Low exercise(HHL).

Methods The subject is 21 male rowers of Shanghai rowing team.12 of them take part in 4 weeks HHL (train and live at 2500m, exercise at 100m), while 9 of them train in normoxia. Forearm and leg cutaneous blood flow(CBF) was measured using a laser doppler flowmeter (PeriFlux600, Perimed, Sweden) at room temperature (22℃) with subject lying position and after testing in that position for at least 10min. We tested the forearm and leg blood flow, and also the blood flow when localized heating to 44℃ for 3 mins. Microvascular reactivity(MVR) was evaluated form the maximal post occlusive reactive hyperemia(PORH) following 3-min forearm ischemia produced by cuff inflation (200mm Hg). Similar procedures have been used by other investigators. Blood pressure was measured by brachial auscultation. SPO2 and heart rate was measured by a hand hold pulse oximeter (NONIN, 9500, USA) .The blood flow was measured 4 times, baseline, 1stweek, 3rdweek and post.

Results Blood flow and CMBC of forearm of HHL increased significantly at 1stweek(8.9,13.0;112.0,151.0,P<0.05), but thigh and NOM group did not increase. The lowest and highest blood flow of PORH both increase at 1stweek(2,9,3.2;46.0,53.0;0.05<P<0.1). At 3rdweek, HHL group’s resting blood flow and CMBC of forearm is lower than 1stweek(9.3,13.0;124.5,151.0), but higher than pretraining, but velocity of blood flow decreased(8.2,9.2). 

These results suggest at early stage of HHL, vasoconstriction may be dominant. But when rowers suffer more and more hypoxia, vasodilation and angiogenesis may play a key role in their skin blood flow. At 3rdweek after training, the blood flow and CMBC are similar with baseline.

Conclusions 4 weeks HHL training of rowers increase forearm blood flow, but no thigh. This is because thigh is main working muscle of rowers, which may be affected by training status and fatigue. And also, PORH reserve capacity is an indicator of endothelial function. In this study, we find HHL rowers increase their PORH reserve capacity, which means endothelial function is improved by hypoxia training. So, besides the traditional research of Hematologic System on hypoxia training, we find 4 weeks HHL training increase forearm blood flow and improve endothelial function. This may be one mechanism of improving performance, which need more studies to confirm.
PO-097 The effect of 4 weeks intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of excellent rowers
Authors: Dong Huihui , Gao Binghong
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the effect of intermittent negative pressure treatment on the functional state of elite rowers ,and providing theoretical basis for the application of this method in sports science.

Methods The 15 elite male athletes selected from the national rowing training team were divided into experimental group and control group. The daily training plans of the two groups were the same. The members of experimental group were treated for 20 minutes by the Vacusport Regeneration System from German, five times one week, for a total of 4-weeks. The control group did not use any intervention. Before and after 4 weeks, venous blood from 15 male athletes was used to test athletes 'red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB), hematocrit (HCT), creatine kinase(CK), blood urea nitrogen(BU), testosterone(T), cortisol(C) et, Observing the changes about data from two tests.

Results There was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group before and after the intervention. The results of the intra-group comparison were as follows:(1) The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the experimental group decreased by 2.90 %, 3.80 %, and 1.08 % respectively. The RBC, HGB, and HCT of the control group decreased by 6.55 %, 7.02%, 4.03% respectively, and the decline of RBC and HGB showed statistically significant changes(p<0.05).（2）The CK and BU values of the experimental group increased by 1.26 % and 27.08 % respectively, and the increase of BU had statistically significant changes(p<0.05). The CK and BU values of the control group increased by 33.10 % and 9.54 % respectively. (3) The values of T, C and T / C in experimental group decreased by 11.85 %, 7.6 % and 4.31 % respectively. The values of T, C and T / C in the control group decreased by 16.38 %, 4.03 % and 19.39 % respectively, and the decrease of T values was statistically significant(p<0.05).

Conclusions The intermittent negative pressure therapy can promote the athletes' metabolism, relieve the degree of the decline of functional state, and prevent the occurrence of fatigue.
PO-007 Association of six gene polymorphism with tendon injuries in Chinese athletes
Authors: Wei Qi
Published: October 2018

Objective In recent years, more and more studies have shown that gene polymorphism is associated with susceptibility and recovery of sports injury. We select  Collagen type I alpha 1 gene(COL1A1 ),Collagen type V alpha 1 gene (COL5A1),Collagen type XII alpha 1 gene (COL12A1),1ollagen type XIV alpha 1 gene(COL14A1),Tenascin C gene(TNC), Growth/differentiation factor-5 gene(GDF-5) polymorphic loci to study their relationship with tendon injuries in  Chinese athletes.

Methods A case-control experiment was designed to analyze the distribution characteristics of six gene polymorphism loci in 65 chinese athlete injured group and 115 control group. These six polymorphic loci were detected by PCR-RFLP.

Results The distributions of COL1A1 TT genotype , COL5A1 CC genotype and GDF-5 CC genotype were decreased in injured group compared with the control group. The COL12A1,COL14A1, TNC gene polymorphic loci showed no significant difference between two groups. The COL1A1, COL5A1 and GDF-5 genes were involved in encoding for collagen, matrix metallopeptidase, tenascin and growth factors which protect the athletic from the musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in tendon and ligament tissues.

Conclusions The genetic loci will help to identify individuals with advantageous physical performance and a lower chance of suffering from injuries.
PO-008 Influences of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms in elite female soccer athletes
Authors: Wei Qi
Published: October 2018

Objective The performance phenotype is regulated by polygenes .There were few reports about the cumulative effect of the I/D polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and ACTN3 in athletes.This study was to investigate the association of ACEI/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms with the performance of Chinese elite female soccer athletes for the first time. 

Methods The genotype distributions of ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X in the athlete group (N=92) and the control group of Chinese females (N=200) were evaluated via PCR and compared.

Results Regarding the distribution of ACE polymorphisms, the genotype frequency was indifferent between the athletes (II 40.2%, ID 46.7%, DD 13.1%) and the controls (II 42%, ID 48%, DD 10%) based on the chi-square test. No difference in the I/D allele frequency was observed between the athlete group (I allele: 59.25%; D allele: 40.75%) and the control group (I allele: 60.8%; D allele: 39.2%). Regarding the distribution of ACTN3 polymorphisms, the genotype frequency was significantly different between the athletes (XX 0%, XR 53.3%, RR 46.7%) and the controls (XX 16%, XR 44%, RR 40%). The allele frequency was observed no different between the athlete and the control group (X allele:34.8%/41.7%; R allele: 65.2%/58.3%, respectively). The ACE and ACTN3 genotype combinations (II/ID/DD+RR/XR) significantly differed between the athletes and the controls by χ2 test (p<0.05).

Conclusions These results suggested that the Chinese elite female soccer athletes were more likely to harbor the I allele and the R allele and that the combination of ACE II/ID and ACTN3 RR/XR was a synergetic determinant of the athletic performance of females in soccer.
PO-015 Meta-analysis on the relationship between PGC-1α -482 genetic polymorphism and exercise intervention in insulin resistance
Authors: Liu Jun , Li Chun-Yan
Published: October 2018

Objective To study the relationship between the genetic polymorphism of PGC-1α -482 and insulin resistance to exercise intervention.

Methods Databases including PubMed (includes MEDLINE)， SCOPUS (a large, multidisciplinary database) and the Cochrane Library were searched to collecting the literatures that were with information on relationship between the genetic polymorphism of PGC-1α -482 and insulin resistance to exercise intervention. The odds ratio (OR) o f PGC-1α genotype distributions in cases-control groups was calculated. The Meta-analysis software RevMan5.3 was applied to heterogeneity test and pooled OR calculation.

Results A total of 11 case-control studies met the criteria and were selected for the Meta-analysis. Among the studies, there were totally 718 cases of insulin resistance and 732 cases of control were included. The pooled OR of the PGC-1α genotype G/G vs. G/S+S/S was 0.97 (95% CI = 0.78 ~ 1.20), which showed statistically no significant difference (Z = 0.32，P = 0.75). This indicates that the frequency distribution of PGC-1α genotype may be related to the increased risk of insulin resistance, and this association is statistically significant; however, the frequency distribution of this genotype is not necessarily related to exercise intervention in insulin resistance.

Conclusions The genetic polymorphism of PGC-1α may be a susceptible factor for insulin resistance but not an independent influence factor of exercise intervention in insulin resistance.
PO-022 Exploratory Study on Predicting Acute Altitude Sickness by Using Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Li Zimeng , Hu Yang , Li Yanchun , Jiao Yubo
Published: October 2018

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the probability of altitude sickness based on the correlation coefficient between oxygen saturation and LLS score by analyzing the correlation of physiological parameters, like oxygen saturation, between the simulated altitude 5000m and altitude conditions. The results of our study may provide suggestions for public and mountaineering team.

Methods Fourteen male subjects from Chinese Agricultural University participated in acute hypoxic exposure a simulated altitude of 5000m. The study was carried out in hypoxic laboratory (Low Oxygen Systems GmbH, Germany) at Sports Science Research Centre. Oxygen Saturation (SpO2), maximum expiratory flow, Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), heart rate, blood pressure, the Lake Louis consensus scoring of AMS (LLS) and other indicators were measured every 1h in hypoxic environment. After hypoxic exposure, all subjects climbed the Mountain in Sichuan Province (the main peak was 6300m above sea level).During climbing, the SpO2, maximum expiratory flow, heart rate, blood pressure and LLS assessment were measured in the early morning of the team's arrival at 4020m, 4950m and 5000m. All results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The data were analyzed by paired sample T test by SPSS 19.0. The difference between two tests was considered significantly when P < 0.05.

Results The significant difference was observed between simulated altitude of 5000 meters and three levels real high altitude conditions in SpO2, heart rate, maximum expiratory flow,blood pressure. There was a significant negative correlation between blood oxygen saturation and AMS score at the simulated altitude of 5000m at 4th-5th hour(4th hour P=0.030,5th hour P=0.011), and the correlation function relationship AMS score=(76.842-SpO2)/1.313 was obtained. When the oxygen saturation decreased 1.313mmol /L, AMS score increased 1.0. PEF and LLS scores has a high negative correlation (P<0.05). As the height increased, the score increased and PEF decreased significantly.

Conclusions In simulated altitude of 5000 meters, the change of human SpO2 has a corresponding relationship with oxygen concentration, and the SpO2 value is significantly correlated with the AMS score. It has a functional relationship of AMS=(76.842-SpO2)/1.313 during the period of 4th-5th hour exposure to hypoxia. Therefore, oxygen saturation in simulated 5000m altitude can predict the altitude response intensity during the actual mountaineering process.
PO-027 Effects of exercise-induced miRNAs on mitochondrial autophagy signaling pathway in PI3K/Akt/mTOR
Authors: Meng Chang
Published: October 2018

Objective To explain the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy by exercise-induced miRNAs, it provides a new reference for the prevention and treatment of diseases such as inflammation and tumor.

Methods Through the literature data method, this paper refers to more than 100 articles and writes this review, which provides relevant research directions for relevant researchers. 

Results Exercise promotes the up-regulation of miR-30, miR-223 and miR-210 expression through the PI3K /Akt / mTOR signaling pathway to inhibit its related target proteins, and promote mitochondrial autophagy to affect inflammation, tumor and other diseases.

Conclusions In recent years, people's concept of exercise has undergone a slow and fundamental change. In addition to medical factors, the role of exercise factors in the prevention or treatment of various diseases such as inflammation and cancer has gradually strengthened. Mitochondrial autophagy has a significant effect on tumor cells. The successful discovery of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway provides more support for the involvement of tumor-like diseases. miRNAs may regulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in mitochondrial autophagy. Pathways significantly affect tumor-like diseases. Exercise is widely recommended as a means of preventing and treating various diseases such as inflammation and tumor. The induction of normoxic exercise and hypoxic exercise has a significant effect on the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mitochondrial autophagy by miRNAs. In the future, studies on the regulation of mitochondrial autophagy by miRNAs can focus on the relationship with exercise. At present, the research on mitochondrial autophagy regulated by exercise-induced miRNAs is still insufficient. As a new discovery, it will receive more and more attention. miRNAs regulate the regulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in mitochondrial autophagy, which provides a new idea for solving the treatment problems of inflammation, tumor and other diseases.
PO-029 Advances in research on hypoxia-mediated miRNAs affecting glucose metabolism
Authors: Jiang Han
Published: October 2018

Objective This article reviews the role of miRNAs in promoting insulin sensitivity, controlling insulin synthesis, and regulating insulin resistance in hypoxia exercise, and discusses the relationship between miRNAs and glucose metabolism, and the mechanism of hypoxia-induced regulation of miRNAs in glucose metabolism. It provides a theoretical basis for better research on the prevention and treatment of disorders of glucose metabolism.

Methods This paper uses the literature data method, collects a large number of documents and cites more than 90 articles for comprehensive statistical analysis to write this article, which provides researchers with relevant research directions.

Results Studies have shown that miRNAs such as miR-138, miR-26b, miR-27a, miR-122, miR-802 and miR-143 have regulatory effects on obesity; some miRNAs such as miR-128, miR-7, miR-25, miR -92a, miR-375 and miR-15 family (miR-15a and miR-15b) and other miRNAs play an important role in regulating glycolipid metabolism, thereby maintaining a stable state of glycolipid metabolism. Expressions such as miR-802 and miR-143 are up-regulated in the liver of obese patients, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance.

Conclusions By regulating the expression of target genes and maintaining the homeostasis of glucose metabolism, miRNAs can effectively improve or prevent obesity and disorders of glucose metabolism such as type 2 diabetes. Current studies have shown that miRNAs affect glucose metabolism from insulin sensitivity, insulin synthesis and insulin resistance. At the same time, studies have shown that exercise intervention can effectively improve glucose metabolism. However, the research on the metabolism of miRNAs in glucose metabolism during hypoxia is still insufficient. It is for further study. Studying the mechanism of the effects of miRNAs on glucose metabolism in hypoxic exercise can not only provide a theoretical basis for scientific hypoglycemic and weight control, but also can be used as an intervention for the prevention and control of diseases related to glucose metabolism disorders. In the future, drugs can regulate the expression of miRNAs, thereby providing a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of diseases caused by abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism.
PO-032 The protective effects of curcumin on exercise-induced renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Li Fang , Cao Jianmin , Zhou Haitao , Niu Yanlong
Published: October 2018

Objective This study was designed to investigate the effects  of curcumin on inflammatory factors and ECM expression in exercise-induced renal ischemia reperfusion injury in rats.

Methods Sixty 7-week-old male SD rats were divided randomly into three groups: group A (normal control group, n=12), group B (overtraining group, n=24) and group C (curcumin + overtraining group, n=24). Group B and C  performed 6 weeks of incremental load training on the treadmill.  24 hours after the last training, the rats were anesthetized intraperitoneally, the morphology of renal tissue and the deposition of glomerular ECM were observed using light microscope，the related biochemical indexes were tested.

Results (1) the renal structure of rats in group A were normal,  histopathological changes were observed  in group B and  C, Paller score of group B were significantly higher than group A(P <0.01), and that of group C were significantly lower than group B(P <0.05).

(2) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr), serum and renal inflammatory factors , TGF-β protein expression level and glomerular ECM deposition of  group B  were significantly higher than group A(P<0.01)  and those of group C were lower than group B(P<0.05).

Conclusions  Supplementation of curcumin can effectively  protect rats from exercise-induced renal ischemia reperfusion injury, by inhibiting the up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and TGF-β expression and maintaining the dynamic balance of ECM .
PO-122 Influence of Winter Training on Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Bicyclist
Authors: Lv Yihao
Published: October 2018

Objective The research took the bicyclists in Zhejiang for preparing of the Thirteenth National Games in winter training as the subjects. Through physiological and biochemical index of testing during the winter training, we attempted to find out some rules or problems by exploring the characteristics of their training during winter training, Reached on body function and the training intensity of athletes for effective monitoring and adjustment effect during winter training, and to provide a reference for the development of scientific in bicycle training.

Methods During the long term bicycle training, some physical fitness evaluation indices includingVO2max,anaerobic power,body composition,Hb,Bun,CK,T and NEUT% were tested and analyzed systematically. Master the bike athletes body function changes during the winter training, and discuss the relationship between these indexes and body function condition.

Results VO2 max, VO2 max relative value almost no change during the winter training; The Large Anaerobic work, 30s average anaerobic work and an body composition indicators no significant difference (p < 0.05), but had a significant change. Hb, Bun, CK,T,NEUT% based standard value in the normal range, throughout the winter training period, Hb, BUN and CK, T, NEUT % has experienced cyclical changes along with the change of sports load: Hb, T at the beginning of the winter training has a downward trend, CK and NEUT % in the early part of the winter training has a rising trend, but as for the winter training gradually restored, BUN rising during the winter training, two weeks before the end of winter training to get down.

Conclusions 1, the pros and cons of aerobic capacity is not the main factors influencing the cycling short athlete special performance, but of eliminating anaerobic lactic acid after training to play an active role, aerobic ability training should be strengthened.

2, anaerobic metabolism energy is the important factors that affect cycling short athlete sport result, peak power and 30s average power to scientific evaluation of the athlete's training effect.

3, decreased body fat percentage and lean body mass increase, to improve the athlete special scores play a positive role.

4, during the winter training athletes Hb, CK, T, NEUT % changes over motion load, NEUT % can be used as auxiliary training monitoring indexes of female athletes on the biochemical indexes of the sensitivity is higher than male athletes.

5, in the case of lean body mass is not fall, blood urea to maintain at a high level of cycling short athletes may not bring much impact performance.

6, Because of the mobilization can bear the load and strength are not the same, the same load and intensity produced by the reflect function will not the same, further analysis is needed to combined with physiological and biochemical indexes and individual training plan situation carries on the comprehensive consideration, so as to improve the accuracy of measurement analysis.
PO-131 Impact of short-term inhibition of PKA in Nucleus Accumbens on voluntary wheel running
Authors: Mao Xuansong , Grigsby Kolter , Booth Frank
Published: October 2018

Objective Based upon a Booth lab goal of establishing molecular regulators of physical activity motivation, my current study focuses on the effects of short-term inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA) activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The NAc is a brain region integral to motivated behaviors. Downstream immediate-early gene (IEG) expression from PKA has been shown to exhibit rapid responses to acute stimuli, such as voluntary wheel-running behavior. According to previous work in our lab, long-term NAc overexpression of the endogenous PKA inhibitor, Protein Kinase Inhibitor Alpha (PKIα), increased nightly running distance in rats selectively bred for low voluntary running (LVR) behavior (Mol Neurobiol 2018 Jun 21). However, paradoxically, the same PKIα overexpression failed to increase running distance in wild-type (WT) rats. It is known that chronic manipulation of the NAc PKA pathway produces different molecular (gene expression profiles) and behavioral outcomes from that of acute manipulations. Given the above, the goal of the current work is to determine how short-term inhibition of PKA in the NAc influences its downstream gene networks and the nightly voluntary running behavior in WT rats.

Methods An ex vivo preparation of the NAc was utilized to determine the effects of Rp-cAMPS, a selective protein kinase A inhibitor, upon its stimulation of dopamine D1-like receptor agonist SKF 38393 on downstream gene expression level in sedentary WT female rats. Further, real-time PCR was implemented to analyze the transcriptional expression of IEGs (Homer-1, Arc, Zif268) following Rp-cAMPS administration.  

Results Data showed that there were no significant difference of mRNA level for Homer-1, Arc or Zif268 among the vehicle, 50uM, 100uM and 200uM Rp-cAMPS treatment groups upon the stimulation of 10uM SKF 38393.

Conclusions In addition to the PKA, other protein kinases such as Ca++ activated and growth factor activated kinases have both been shown to phosphorylate CREB at Ser133, and thus, lead to activation of gene transcription. Given the above results of the ex vivo experiment, in which NAc slices were treated with multiple dosages of Rp-cAMPS concurrent with the stimulation of SKF 38393, it is possible that other protein kinase pathways could be compensating the effects of short-term inhibition of PKA and, in turn, lead to no difference of IEG expression. Further experiments will need to be performed  in order to testify this hypothesis.
PO-134 Optogenetics Active SNc DA Neurons Improve Locomotor Activity on Exercise-Induced fatigue Rats
Authors: Li Ke , Chen MengJiao , Li JiaXin , Zhao XuDong , Qiao Decai , Hou LiJuan
Published: October 2018

Objective After optogenetics activing SNc DANs, locomotor activity ability of exercise-induced fatigue rats were recorded to research the role of nigra-striatum DA system in central mechanism of motor control.

Methods Used male SD rats (220~240g), randomly divided into 6 groups: sham control group (SCG), optogenetics control group (OCG), fatigue group (FG), sham fatigue group (SFG) and optogenetics fatigue group (OFG). Virus ware injected in the right SNc at coordinates (AP:-5.30 mm, R: 2.00 mm, H-8.00 mm). The SCG/SFG injected 1 μ l saline, OCG/OFG injected 1 μl mixed virus(ChR2 with TH Cre,1:1), the fiber implantation site was deeper than the virus injection about 1 mm. Three weeks after surgery, rats attend 7D exhaustive treadmill exercise. After fatigue running, OCG/OFG/SCG/SFG were in the open field. We used two different light delivery schedules: 10 ms pulses at 20 Hz (10s) and 10 ms pulses at 3 Hz (10s). Sampling time were quiet state, 1D exhaustion, 7D exhaustion and recovery 24h. Animals were euthanized after completion of the behavioral tests. Brains were sectioned coronally in 50-μm slices, images were taken using a fluorescence microscope and determined the anatomical location of the optical fiber.

Results (1) OCG/OFG obtain expression of ChR2 in DANs, this was not observed in SCG/SFG; Activation of OCG DANs with 20Hz increased the normalized mean global activity (laser on/laser off), and a significant increment in normalized mean global activity (laser on/laser off) when DANs were activated with 3Hz/20Hz in OFG (p<0.05), showing successful transfection of OCG/OFG. (2) Stimulation at 20 Hz was sufficient to improve global activity, the effects of 3 Hz did not significant, showing 20Hz stimulation possibility be related to motor regulation. (3)The global activity and total distance of rats after 7D exhaustion ware significantly lower than of quiet state (p<0.05), the difference from the quiet state and after 24h recovery is not significant, indicating that the decline in locomotor ability caused by exercise induced-fatigue is reversible. (4) The 20 Hz stimulation significantly improved the global activity of 1D and 7D exhausted rats (p<0.05), indicating that 20 Hz stimulation can effectively improve the rats locomotor activity with exercise-induced fatigue compared with 3 Hz stimulation.

Conclusions (1) ChR2 virus transfection can effectively active the nigra-striatum DA system, causing changes in motor performance and increasing the locomotor ability of rats; (2) The locomotor ability of rats with exercise-induced fatigue to decrease. The total distance and global activity decreased significantly with exercise-induced fatigue; (3) Photoactivation of SNc DANs can improve the locomotor activity of rats with exercise-induced fatigue. From the perspective of stimulating effect, 20Hz is the most obvious activation reference point (NSFC: 31401018, SKXJX: 2014014, Corresponding houlj@bnu.edu.cn).
PO-138 Mechanism of Cortical Information Output after Exercise Fatigue Induced by D2DR
Authors: Wang Xiaoxin , Li Ke , Hou Lijuan
Published: October 2018

Objective In this experiment, the Local field potential (LFPs) was observed in the substantia nigra compact and electrical activity change in corticostriatal pathway after D2DR intervention in exercise-induced fatigue rats. We analyzed the changes of DA neuron discharge and D2DR mediated corticostriatal pathway information transmission. To explore the mechanism of D2D2 mediated DA system in the information output of cortical M1 region.

Methods Wistar rats were used to establish the model of exercise-induced fatigue. The rats were divided into control group (CG), 7 days fatigue group (7FG) and 24 hour recovery group (24RG). We used in vivo multichannel recording technology to record electrical activity in the M1, striatum and substantia nigra compact of rats and observed the electrophysiological changes after D2DR intervention. We also detected the expression of TH proteins in the dorsolateral striatum before and after exercise-induced fatigue by immunohistochemistry.

Results 1) Compared with group CG, the expression of TH protein in the dorsolateral area of striatum was significantly decreased in group 7FG (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the CG group, the power spectral density of the θ, α and β band of the SNc was increased after seven days of exhaustion exercise(P < 0.05); After 24 hours of recovery, the PSD value decreased significantly compared with the 7FG group(P<0.05). 3)Compared with the CG group the power spectral density of alpha (7-13Hz) and beta (15-30Hz) bands in the M1 region and striatum was increased in 7FG after injection D2DR agonist(P < 0.05) .

Conclusions After exercise-induced fatigue, the activity of substantia nigra was increased, and the activity of M1 and striatum was lower than that of the blank control group after the D2DR agonist  injection. As a key receptor for the DA signal system, D2DR regulates the electrical activity of the nigrostriatal DA pathway and affects the comprehensive information output of the cortex, which can be regarded as a target for exercise-induced fatigue (NSFC: 31401018,   SKXJX: 2014014, Corresponding houlj@bnu.edu.cn).
PO-142 Effects of hypoxia preconditioning on acute hypoxic exercise-induced phosphorylation of AMPKα in mice skeletal muscle
Authors: Wei Hao , Wang Lin jia , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2018

Objective AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic energy sensor and its activation plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Increasing evidence indicates that AMPK activation depend on the phosphorylation sites in AMPKα. Thr172 is involved in AMPK activation, whereas Ser485/491 are not. Under suitable stress stimulations, the phosphorylation of AMPKα at the Thr172 site can increase AMPK activation. However, serious hypoxic exercise or taking antioxidants before exercise can reduce the activation of AMPK by phosphorylating AMPK α1Ser485/α2Ser491 sites. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hypoxia preconditioning on exhaustive exercise under hypoxic condition induced AMPKα Thr172 and Ser485/491 phosphorylation in mice skeletal muscle.

Methods The 40 eight-week-old male C57BL/6J wild type mice were randomly divided into four groups (10 mice /group): non-hypoxia preconditioning control group (NC), hypoxia preconditioning control group (HC), non-hypoxia preconditioning acute hypoxic exercise group (NE), and hypoxia preconditioning acute hypoxic exercise group (HE). Hypoxia preconditioning groups were exposure in hypoxia for 48h, with the oxygen concentration was 11.2%. Meanwhile, non-hypoxia preconditioning was in the normoxic condition for 48h. After hypoxia preconditioning, acute hypoxic exercise groups finished an exhaustive exercise. Tibialis anterior muscles of mice were collected immediately after the exhaustive exercise. The protein expression of the total AMPKα, Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation, and Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation were measured by Western Blot. Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio and Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio was calculated.

Results Compared with NE group, The Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio was increased significantly, whereas the relative expression of Ser485-AMPKα1/Ser491-AMPKα2 phosphorylation to total AMPKα ratio seemed to decreased in skeletal muscle of HE group.

Conclusions The 48h hypoxia preconditioning could improve the AMPK activation by Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation in mice skeletal muscle following an exhaustive exercise under the hypoxic condition.
PO-145 Effects of HIF-1α on Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signal in mice skeletal muscle after acute exhaustive exercise
Authors: Wang Linjia , Li Tieying , Zhang Ying
Published: October 2018

Objective Hypoxia or exercise could lead to oxidative stress. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is an oxygen sensor and the expression of its α subunit can be regulated by hypoxia. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important modifier of cellular responses to oxidative stress. A major mechanism in defense oxidative stress is the activation of the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway. But whether the increase of HIF-1α could affect the Nrf2-ARE antioxidant signal, and further influence the oxidative stress status in vivo remains unknown. In this study, we wished to examine the effect of HIF-1α on Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway in mice skeletal muscle after acute exhaustion exercise.

Methods HIF-1α high expression (H) and C57BL/6J mice(W) were used at 20 respectively and each kind of mice were randomly divided into two groups: control (C) and exercise (E). The treadmill exercise was preformed at the acute exhaustion exercise. On the day of acute exercise, mice allocated to perform treadmill running were subject to 5% incline and 5min at 10m/min, and then increased 3m/min every 3 minutes. Mice were sacrificed at the indicated time points following treadmill running.Nrf2, phosphor-Nrf2 (Ser40), nuclear Nrf2 protein were measured by Western Blot and Nrf2-ARE binding activity, the mRNA and proetin levels of Nrf2 target genes, key antioxidant enzymes (SOD1, SOD2, CAT, NQO-1) and ROS level, were also measured in skeletal muscles after the interventions.

Results (1)The results showed that compared with WC, RNA and protein expression level of Nrf2 were increased in HC skeletal muscles. Nrf2-ARE binding activity, Nrf2 target gene SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1 mRNA expression and NQO-1 protein expression were also increased in HC skeletal muscles. Meanwhile, ROS level in HC skeletal muscles decreased significantly.

(2) After the acute exhaustion exercise, high HIF-1α expression mice (HE) had higher expression of p-Nrf2(Ser 40) and nuclear Nrf2 protein than the wide type mice(WE). The mRNA expression of SOD1 and mRNA /protein of NQO-1 in HE increased as well. In contrast, ROS level decreased significantly in HE muscles.

ConclusionsThe result indicated the proper high expression of HIF-1α could promote the antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle in mice through Nrf2-ARE pathway.