bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinetic Observational Exophthalmometry: A Simple Clinical Method of Assessing the Relative Axial Positions of the Eyes
Authors: Kim Peter , Berdoukas Paula , Francis Ian C , Coroneo Minas T , Kappagoda Medduma B
Published: April 2021

Abstract A simple clinical method for detecting the presence of unilateral proptosis or enophthalmos is described. It is important that in a patient with orbital disease, a detailed ophthalmic and orbital history be taken and a careful clinical evaluation be performed. In the clinical assessment of such a patient, it is also essential to determine the presence of any asymmetry of eye position after excluding any asymmetry in eye size or in the skeletal structure of the face. Observation of the patient's head from above and noting the relative positions of the two eyes has been die traditional method in the clinical assessment of proptosis. We believe that this method of assessment of proptosis has not been adequately described or fully exploited in the past. This paper describes an extension of the same technique. It involves the examiner making the observation from above while slowly moving die patient's head passively from a position of neck flexion to one of neck extension, and then noting which eye in a patient comes into view first. We believe that this kinetic technique provides an accurate method of noting any asymmetry in eye position in relation to the supraciliary ridge. It should therefore prove to be a clinically useful method in the initial assessment of a patient with suspected ocular displacement. [Ophtalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:257-259]
Management of Posteriorly Dislocated Introcular Lens: A New Technique
Authors: Santos Arturo , Roig-Melo Enrique A
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Many surgical techniques have been described in the management of posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens (IOLs). Lifting the IOL off the retina is a critical step during the surgical procedure. We describe a new simple and effective technique using an extrusion cannula that offers many advantages to lift the IOL in a safer and more controlled way. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:260-262]
Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage as a Complication of Vitrectomy
Authors: Ghoraba Hammouda Hamdi , Zayed Amin Ismail
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To study the risk factors, management, and end results of suprachoroidal hemorrhage that occur during or after vitrectomy.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study involves patients suffering from this complication either during the curing process or immediately after vitrectomy. Preoperative risk factors, operative management, postoperative picture, and end results are reported.

* RESULTS: During the study period, surgery was performed on 3342 patients with primary vitrectomy. Complications were experienced by 4 patients: 2 occurred near the end of vitrectomy, and 2 in the first postoperative day. The 4 patients were myopic more than 7 diopters, 2 were Pseudophakic and 2 were aphakic. Cryopexy was used to treat the retinal breaks in the operative cases. Perfluorophenanthrene was used as a postoperative tamponade in one operative case. Reoperation was done in the 4 patients 3 to 8 weeks after surgery. Silicone oil was used as a prolonged tamponade in all cases. Hypotony persisted in operative cases. All the patients had vision more than 20/400 at the end of follow-up (6 to 24 months).

* CONCLUSION: The risk factors for suprachoroidal hemorrhage were old age, high myopia, aphakia or pseudophakia, retinal detachment, and scleral buckle. Postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage has a better prognosis than the operative type. Perfluorophenanthrene "vitreon" as an operative and postoperative tamponade has a beneficial effect in keeping the retina attached and in preventing pooling of blood under the macula.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:281-288]
Evaluation of Glutaraldehyde and Povidone Iodine for Sterilization of Wide-Field Contact Vitrectomy Lenses
Authors: Das Taraprasad , Sharma Savitri , Singh Jagroop , Rao D Venkateswar , Chalam Kakarla V
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Widefield vitrectomy contact lenses are currently sterilized with ethylene oxide gas, and other lenses with autoclaving. To maintain a large inventory or possibly run the risk of loss of lens quality with repeated autoclaving, glutaraldehyde 2% and povidone iodine 5% solution were evaluated as possible sterilizing agents.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ethylene oxide presterilized lenses were contaminated with known concentrations (105 organisms/mL) of bacteria (S epidemidis, P aeruginosa, B subtilis), and fungi (A flavus, C albicans) for 5 minutes. The test lenses were treated with glutaraldehyde or povidone iodine for 5, 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes, and controls with sterilized water for a similar duration. Following treatment, both test and control lenses were sampled with sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were cultured for bacteria (tryptone soya broth 48 hours), and fungi (Saubourd's dextrose broth 5 days).

* RESULTS: The culture was negative for both glutaraldehyde- and povidone iodine-treated lenses against all organisms at all time points except B subtilis, which needed 120 minutes treatment.

* CONCLUSION: Two hours contact time with glutaraldehyde 2% or providone iodine 5% can sterilize vitrectomy contact lenses against common bacteria and fungi without affecting lens quality.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:300-304]
Endogenous Pseudallescheria boydii Endophthalmitis in a Patient with Ring-Enhancing Brain Lesions
Authors: Luu Kevin K M , Scott Ingrid U , Miller Darlene , Davis Janet L
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 46-year-old man, status post liver transplantation and taking immunosuppressive medications, was admitted after suffering a generalized seizure. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed two ring-enhancing lesions and treatment was begun for presumed toxoplasmic encephalitis. He was already receiving amphotericin B for a skin lesion suspected to be caused by candidiasis. One day after the seizure, he complained of photophobia in the left eye. Intraocular inflammation and a small infiltrate in the macula were seen. Vision deteriorated over the next three days. Vitreous tap and injection of amphotericin B and vancomycin were performed, but the intraocular inflammation continued to increase. On day 15, a vitrectomy was performed. The vitreous specimen ultimately grew Pseudallescheria boydii. The patient died on hospital day 30 from complications of the brain abscesses. Pseudallescheria boydii should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endophthalmitis, especially in patients with immunosuppression, serious medical disease, or ring-enhancing brain lesions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2001;32:325-329]
Clinically Significant Corneal Astigmatism and Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Authors: Slusher M Madison , Ford Jerry G , Busbee Brandon
Published: April 2021

PURPOSE: To report a rare and previously unappreciated potential wound-related complication of repeat pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with anterior segment surgery.

METHODS: From a total of 135 patients who had undergone PPV over a period of 1 5 months, 7 patients were identified on the basis of a visually disabling degree of astigmatism persisting at 3 to 4 months following their surgery. These patients were retrospectively studied from the standpoint of the numbers and combination of procedures they had experienced. Videokeratoscopy was employed as an objective method of documenting the astigmatism.

RESULTS: The average astigmatism at the corneal plane in these 7 eyes was 4.5 diopters (D). In the 5 patients who required suture lysis for visual rehabilitation, the average corneal astigmatism was slightly greater than 5.0 D. In all cases, the astigmatism was a symmetric "bow-tie" pattern and was in the meridian corresponding to the superonasal and inferotemporal sclerotomies. All 5 of the patients requiring suture lysis had undergone repeat PPV through the same sclerotomies; all had their astigmatism reduced to an average of 1.5 D.

CONCLUSION: Visually disabling astigmatism present months after surgery is almost certainly a rare, wound-related complication of PPV, but remains a previously unappreciated possibility in eyes undergoing repeat procedures through the same sclerotomies. Videokeratoscopy provides a reliable and rapid method of detection, while suture lysis in the steep axis represents a simple remedy.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:5-8]
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Mitomycin C-Induced Scleral Necrosis
Authors: Bayer Atilla , Mutlu F Mehmet , Sobaci Gungor
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Intraoperative or postoperative use of mitomycin C is one of the treatment options to reduce the recurrence of pterygia. Scleral necrosis, a potentially blinding complication after mitomycin C use, has been among great concern in ophthalmic practice. A patient is presented in whom scleral necrosis developed 20 days after a pterygiectomy with bare sclera technique was performed, followed by the application of 0.4 mg/mL of topical mitomycin C eye drops for 3 weeks. After conjunctival flap failures the patient was treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The sclera revascularized and returned to near normal thickness after 24 sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. This case demonstrates that it is an effective, novel treatment. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002-33:58-61]
Combined Iridocyclectomy and Lensectomy Surgical Technique Modified for the Removal of an Iris Cyst in a Child
Authors: Farpour Bijan , Browne Alison , McClellan Kathy A , Billson Frank A
Published: April 2021

Abstract.The purpose of this report is to describe a modified surgical iridocyclectomy technique and lensectomy for the removal of a recurrent iris cyst and a cataract in a child. A 3-year-old boy underwent uncomplicated standard iridocyclectomy for the removal of an enlarging congenital epidermal iris cyst. In the postoperative period, the cyst recurred. A second surgical intervention was performed using a modified iridocyclectomy technique. Sclerocorneal dissection of the involved quadrant was performed. After a lensectomy, an additional deep lamellar dissection of the peripheral cornea was undertaken prior to iris cyst removal and pupil reconstruction. This modified twolayered iridocyclectomy technique permits an elegant access to the iris lesion and allows the construction of a two-layered watertight wound, reducing the risk of hypotony and wound ectasia. We believe it also allows a better control of astigmatism and is a safe procedure in the pediatric population, particularly during the amblyogenic period. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002; 33:62-65]
Relation Between Retinal Thickening and Clinically Visible Fundus Pathologies in Mild Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Nishiwaki Hirokazu , Shahidi Mehnaz , Vitale Susan , Alexander Judith , Asrani Sanjay , Mori Marek , Blair Norman P , Zeimer Ran
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the association of retinal thickening (RT) with clinically observable retinal pathologies in eyes with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using an objective quantitative imaging method (Retinal Thickness Analyzer), the ratio relative to normal RT (RTI) was measured in 23 eyes with and 35 eyes without clinically observable diabetic rundus pathology. RTI was analyzed in relation to presence of mild diabetic retinal lesions in the ±0.5 mm vicinity.

* RESULTS: The percent of eyes with RTI significantly above normal values did not differ significantly between eyes with and without retínopathy (30% vs 34%). Mean RTI was not associated with local presence of microaneurysms (P=0.92), soft exudates (P=Q. 55), or retinal hemorrhages (P=0.31). Areas without hard exudates had significantly greater mean RTI (1.10) than areas with exudates (0.97, P=0.009).

* CONCLUSION: In diabetic patients with mild retinopathy, areas with and without clinically observable retinal pathologies had similar retinal thickness. We conclude that clinical strategies for detection of retinal thickening should not be limited to areas with visible fundus pathologies.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:127-134.]
Ocular Toxicity of Intravitreal Tacrolimus
Authors: Passos Elke , Genaidy Mahmoud M , Peyman Gholam A
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ocular toxicity of intravitreally administered tacrolimus, a drug with potent immunosuppressive activity.

* METHODS: To evaluate toxicity, tacrolimus was injected into the mídvitreous cavity of 20 eyes of New Zealand pigmented rabbits at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 µg. Control eyes received balanced salt solution. Eyes receiving 1000 µg were given injections of 0.2 mL solution; all others, including controls, received 0.1 mL. Rabbits were examined before the injections by slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and an electroretinography test (ERG) was performed. The animals were followed up to 14 days postinjection by clinical examination and ERG. The animals were killed and the eyes were enucleated and processed for light microscopy.

* RESULTS: No evidence of a retinal toxic reaction was seen in the eyes receiving 10 or 50 µg of tacrolimus. One out of 4 eyes that received 1 OO pg of the drug developed a vitreous reaction. All eyes treated with 250 pg or more developed vitreous reaction. One eye injected with 1000 µg of the drug developed occlusion of the temporal retinal vessels. Electroretinography showed decreasing b-wave amplitude with both dark- and lightadapted stimulus in the 500 and 1 000 µg groups, and it was normal in the other groups. Histopathologic sections showed mild disorganization of the retina only at the 500 and 1000 pg dosage.

* CONCLUSIONS: Doses of 10 and 50 ug of tacrolimus are nontoxic to rabbit eyes. Only transient vitreous opacities were observed in the groups that received 100 and 250 pg. Intravitreal doses of 500 and 1000 pg of tacrolimus proved to be toxic to the retina.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33: 140-144]
Outcomes of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment in Myopes of Five or More Diopters
Authors: Kwok Alvin K H , Cheng Lulu L , Tse Marvin W I , Cheung Eva Y Y , Lam Dennis S C
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To analyze surgical outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in high myopes.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 201 patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgeries for primary retinal detachments were reviewed. Fiftytwo eyes of 51 patients with at least 5.00 diopters (D) of myopia were included.

* RESULTS: The mean refractive error was -9.8 ± 5.4 D (mean ± SD). Macula was off in 29 (55.8%) eyes. Thirty-six (69.2%) and 16 (30.8%) eyes received scleral buckling (SB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), respectively. Primary anatomical success rate was 86.1% and 75.0% in the SB and PPV group, respectively. The anatomical success rate after 2 operations was 94.4% and 100% in the SB and PPV group, respectively. Twenty-three (63.1%) patients from SB group and 10 (62.5%) patients from PPV group attained postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60 or better.

* CONCLUSION: The anatomical and visual outcomes of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in myopes of five or more diopters seem favorable after surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:188-194]
Internal Sclerostomy With the Er:YAG Laser Using a Gradient-Index (GRIN) Endoscope
Authors: Mizota Atsushi , Takasoh Michihiko , Kobayashi Katsuhiko , Parel Jean-Marie , Manns Fabrice , Rol Pascal
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To show that sclerostomy, a glaucoma filtering surgery, can be performed using an Er: YAG laser. Scarring at the filtering site, a recurrent problem, may be reduced through proper positioning of the sclerostomy by using an intraocular endoscope.

* MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ab interno fullthickness sclerostomies were performed on eye bank eyes with an Er: YAG laser through a custom made optical delivery system. The intraocular laser probe consisted of a low OH silica fiber inserted in a metallic tapered sheathing. A rigid intraocular endoscope based on grathent-index lenses allowed visualization of the filtration site.

* RESULTS: A clear view of the anterior chamber angle was obtained through the endoscope, allowing for precise location of the sclerostomy. Full-thickness sclerostomies could then be performed at the desired location. Histologic sections showed thermal necrosis less than 50 um thick in tissue adjacent to the sclerostomy.

* CONCLUSIONS: A sclerostomy performed with a combined procedure using an EnYAG laser and intraocular endoscopy increases the speed of the procedure. The use of a high-resolution intraocular endoscope may increase the success rate of ab interno laser glaucoma surgeries.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:214-220]
Multifunction Vitreous Forceps (Maculorrhexis Forceps)
Authors: Tanaka Minoru , Sakuma Toshiro , Kiyokawa Masatoshi , Takebayashi Hiroshi , Kobayashi Yasuhiko
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We developed novel multifunction vitreous forceps to decrease the frequency of forceps insertion and enable the removal of the internal limiting membrane and other intravitreal membranes for better surgical results. The basic forceps were conventional continuous curvelinear capsulorrhexis (CCC) forceps. The size of the shaft is 23G and its pointed end measures 500 µp? in diameter. Additionally, there is a platform in its tip. The pointed end with platform helps to hold the membrane because the outer sheath can be moved while the tip of the forceps is fixed in position, and its pen hold type grip helps to reduce hand movement. The most advantageous thing is that the sharp point enables us to make an initial flap easily and the desired area of internal limiting membrane can be peeled off by firmly holding the platform. [Ophthalmol Surg Lasers 2002;33:260-261]
Usage and Cost of Laser Trabeculoplasty in the United States
Authors: Albright Chad D , Schuman Stefanie G , Netland Peter A
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To determine annual usage and costs of laser trabeculoplasty (LTP) in the United States, we reviewed data from the Health Care Financing Administration from 1986 to 2000, using the Part B Extract and Summary System (BESS). The annual number of LTP procedures performed increased to a peak number of 176,670 in 1992 and has declined since that time, with a 57% reduction in the number of procedures performed in 2000 (75,838) compared with the peak number. The total allowed charges declined from a peak of $137,127,436 in 1991 to $27,622,073 in 2000 (80% reduction). The average allowed charge per procedure was highest in 1989 ($893), and by 2000 the average charge ($359) was reduced by 60% compared with the peak charge. The total number of LTP procedures performed in Medicare beneficiaries has decreased in recent years compared with the peak number in 1992. In recent years, there also has been a marked reduction in the total allowed charges and the average charge per procedure for LTP. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:334-336]
Aqueous Infiltration Into an Implantable Miniaturized Telescope
Authors: Werner Liliana , Kaskaloglu Mahmut , Apple David J , Pandey Suresh K , Macky Tamer A , Izak Andrea M , Trivedi Rupal H , Heredia Martin , Morse Stephen E
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The implantable miniaturized telescope (IMT™) is the first intraocular magnifying system proposed for optical correction in patients with age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). The optical component is embedded in a carrying device designed as an intraocular lens that is implanted after cataract surgery. In this study, we report findings on an IMT™ that was explanted because of aqueous infiltration into its optic and describe the configuration of this device and the surgical technique required for its implantation. The patient, a 75-year-old male with bilateral cataract and nonexudative ARMD, underwent phacoemulsification with implantation of an IMT™ in the right eye. The rigid device, weighing 46.1 mg in aqueous, has an overall diameter of 13.5 mm and requires implantation through a large limbal incision. It is fixated at the 6 to 12 o'clock meridian. Follow-up examination revealed the presence of numerous droplets inside the IMT™ optic. The device was explanted and sent to our center for evaluation. A large fissure was found on the carrying device. However, it was unlikely the site for aqueous infiltration. Microdefects at the level of the sealing of the optical cylinder appeared to provide the opening for the inflow of aqueous that formed droplets. Based on the findings of this report the manufacturer has modified the sealing technique to avoid this complication. Current clinical trials are now ongoing to assess the efficacy of this device in providing visual rehabilitation for ARMD patients. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:343-348]
Quantitative Assessment of Aqueous Flare: The Effect of Age and Pupillary Dilation
Authors: El-Harazi Sherif M , Ruiz Richard S , Feldman Robert M , Chuang Alice Z , Villanueva Guillermina
Published: April 2021

* OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of age and pupillary dilation on aqueous flare.

* METHODS: In this study, 100 eyes of 100 patients ranging in ages from 23 to 84 years were examined. Anterior chamber flare was measured before and after pupillary dilation using the Kowa laser flare meter (FM-500). Predilation and postdilation flare counts were compared by paired t-test. Stepwise regression analysis was then used to determine the effect of demographic variables on pre- and postdilation flare as well as the difference between preand postdilation flare counts.

* RESULTS: The predilation and postdilation flare counts correlated with age (/*<0.0001 for both preand postdilation flare counts). Correlation coefficient between age and flare measurements was R2=0.58 predilation and 0.63 postdilation. Flare intensity signifìcantly decreased after pupillary dilation (P<0.001).

* CONCLUSIONS: Anterior chamber flare increases with age. It might be related to blood-aqueous barrier instability. Pupillary dilation significandy decreases flare counts suggesting that aqueous protein concentration is dependent on aqueous flow rates.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:379-382]
Metastatic Large-Cell Lung Carcinoma to the Orbit in a 25-Year-Old Nonsmoker
Authors: Jordan David R , Lee-Wing Matthew W
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Lung cancer commonly affects middle-aged and elderly smokers. Metastatic disease involving the orbit is uncommon. We report the unusual occurrence of a 25-year-old male nonsmoker with an aggressive form of lung cancer who developed metastatic orbital disease involving the medial rectus. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:488-490]
Surgical Management of a Dysfunctional Filtering Bleb
Authors: Desai Komal , Krishna Rohit
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This case report presents a patient who developed a large overhanging bleb following antimetabolite trabeculectomy surgery 6 years prior. Complaints included decreasing vision and foreign body sensation for several months. Successful excisional surgery with placement of compression sutures was performed. Visual acuity and intraocular pressure were maintained with the resolution of symptoms. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:501-503]
Macular Hole Following Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Mansour Ahmad M , Husseini Ziad M , Schakal Alex R
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 66-year-old woman with prior posterior vitreous detachment underwent photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for a juxtafoveolar choroidal neovascularization. Twenty days after the photodynamic therapy, fluorescein angiography showed regression of the membrane and the new onset of a macular hole. Macular hole formation following photodynamic therapy could be related to choroidal swelling leading to dehiscence of the foveal pit, or to exacerbation of either tangential traction or cystoid spaces by the laser administered over the fovea. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 2002;33:511-513]
Differentiation of Pigmented Conjunctival Squamous Cell Carcinoma From Melanoma
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L , Luminais Steven , Eagle Ralph C
Published: April 2021

Abstract. A 69-year-old man developed a pigmented conjunctival tumor that had a papillomatous vascular configuration but no leukoplakia. Although the pigmentation suggested melanoma clinically, histopathologic study of the resected lesion disclosed squamous cell carcinoma, with scattered dendritic melanocytes in the tumor. Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma can be pigmented, similar to melanoma. The papillomatous arrangement of blood vessels in such tumors should strongly suggest squamous cell carcinoma despite the absence of leukoplalda. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging 2003;34:406-408.]
Spontaneous Resolution of Macular Edema in Leber’s Miliary Aneurysms
Authors: Khurana Rahul N.
Published: April 2021

The natural history of Leber’s miliary aneurysms is described. A patient with Leber’s miliary aneurysm presented with count fingers visual acuity due to significant lipid exudates, intraretinal hemorrhages, and macular edema. Over the next 3 months, the macular edema resolved spontaneously and the visual acuity improved to 20/20. The dramatic improvement in both macular edema and visual acuity highlights the importance of conservative management before pursuing more invasive treatments.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:E15–E16.]
Is idiosyncratic risk conditionally priced?
Authors: Mehra Rajnish , Wahal Sunil , Xie Daruo
Published: April 2021

In Merton (1987), idiosyncratic risk is priced in equilibrium as a consequence of incomplete diversification. We modify his model to allow the degree of diversification to vary with average idiosyncratic volatility. This simple recognition results in a
state‐dependent idiosyncratic risk premium that is higher when average idiosyncratic volatility is low, and vice versa. The data appear to be consistent a positive state‐dependent premium for idiosyncratic risk both in the US and other developed markets.
Recalcitrant betas: Intraday variation in the cross‐sectional dispersion of systematic risk
Authors: Andersen Torben G. , Thyrsgaard Martin , Todorov Viktor
Published: April 2021

We study the temporal behavior of the cross‐sectional distribution of assets' market exposure, or betas, using a large panel of high‐frequency returns. The asymptotic setup has the sampling frequency of returns increasing to infinity, while the time span of the data remains fixed, and the cross‐sectional dimension of the panel is either fixed or increasing. We derive functional limit results for the cross‐sectional distribution of betas evolving over time. We demonstrate, for constituents of the S&P 500 market index, that the dispersion in betas is elevated at the market open and gradually declines over the trading day. This intraday pattern varies significantly over time and reacts to information shocks such as clustered earning announcements and releases of macroeconomic news. We find that earnings news increase beta dispersion while FOMC announcements have the opposite effect on market betas.
Intelligent E-Vendor Relationship Management for Enhancing Global B2C E-Commerce Ecosystems
Authors: Lam H. Y. , Tsang Y. P. , Wu C. H. , Chan C. Y.
Published: April 2021

Recently, global e-commerce businesses have been blooming due to the convenience they offer, their product range, and the individualized products and services they offer. To maintain an entire ecosystem, effective platform-vendor relationships should be considered, through which e-commerce platforms can provide collaborative packages to vendors. E-vendor relationship management (eVRM) should then be developed to identify, attract, retain, and develop existing and new vendors so that groups of loyal vendors can be managed. However, eVRM in e-commerce is an area that has received less attention. This paper proposes an adaptive e-vendor relationship-management system (AVRMS) to provide decision-making support for the formulation of vendor management strategies. The contribution of this study is that it addresses the missing link of platform-vendor relationship management in global e-commerce environments, while integrating data-driven approaches and artificial intelligence techniques to generate a new synergy for the facilitation of eVRM.
Investigating the Situated Culture of Multi-Channel Customer Management
Authors: Ali Maged , Tarhini Ali , Brooks Laurence , Kamal Muhammad Mustafa
Published: April 2021

This paper investigates the influence of national culture on customers' behavior and customers' choice of channel through the customer life cycle stages. An exploratory in-depth single case study in a multinational organization in Egypt was conducted. Specifically, 31 in-depth interviews were conducted with members of staff in marketing, IT, retail and customer services departments, and external prospects/customers. Based on an interpretive approach, the authors have articulated a situated cultural approach based on structuration theory to identify the cultural dimensions that have provided an understanding of the cultural influence on customers' channel choice. The results highlighted that verbal, human interaction, traditional shopping, and cash based were the themes for customers' channel choice through the four stages of customer life cycle. The results also show that the customers' channel choices were linked to the following Egyptian cultural dimensions: collectivism, market price relationship, emotional, power distance, low trust, uncertainty avoidance, and universalism.
Strategic person-organizational fit and organizational performance of selected bottled water producers in Nigeria
Authors: Oyakhire Victor Alaba
Published: April 2021

This research paper investigated the effects of strategic person-organization fit on organizational performance of selected bottled water producers in Edo State. The specific objectives of this study were to assess employee’s personality, and employee’s skills on organizational performance. Survey research design was undertaken in this study, with a population of 192 employees drawn from the six selected bottled water producers in Edo State, Nigeria. The returned and complete questionnaires were 117,data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire, while data analysis was correlation analysis. The findings revealed that employee’s personalities, and skills have a positive and important relationship on organizational performance. The researcher has therefore concluded that strategic person-organization fit influences organizational performance. It was in this context that the researcher recommended that identification of prospective employees values by management and human resources department during organization’s recruitment and selection process and performance appraisal should align with organizational operations.
Entrepreneurial characteristics and performance of family owned business: evidence from western province in Sri Lanka
Authors: Saravanabawan Arumugam , Sivanathan K.
Published: April 2021

The family owned businesses are considered as common, popular business type that makes a significant contribution to the wealth of a nation in all over the world also, are important in internationalization of economies. There are ample research based evidences that the performances of the family owned businesses are better than that of non-family owned business. The inherent characteristics of family owned businesses may determine the higher performances. Therefore, the proposed research attempts to investigate the determinants of the performances of family owned business in Sri Lankan Context. Data were collected directly form owner managers of family owned businesses in Western Province, Sri Lanka. The findings of the study help to identify the Entrepreneurial characteristics and family owned business performances, and provide insight to lead such businesses to success. The study focuses on three entrepreneurial characteristics: planning, achievement and power competency. The findings establish a significant impact of planning competency of entrepreneurs on family owned business performances. On the basis of these findings, managerial implications of this study and future research direction were highlighted.
Does green innovative practices matter? the effect of green innovation on green entrepreneurship sustainability
Authors: Mathushan P. , Pushpanathan A.
Published: April 2021

Green entrepreneurs have been realized as critical motorists for a transition to a green economy. There has been a growing interest in developing a ‘green’ economy as a means of reconciling economic development and the environment. Hence, green entrepreneurs are exchanging fluctuating stiffnesses between their business activities, environmental philosophies, and broader contexts at the intertwine between the green economy and the mainstream economy. However, research on green innovation and green entrepreneurship has been finite focused and remained agnostic in Sri Lankan context.More specifically, entrepreneurs in Vavuniya district rigorously encountering colossal problems in green innovation (e.g. green packing, green marketing). In fact, there is an urge to foster green innovative practices to reap business success. Hence, the researchers selected entrepreneurs in Vavuniya district. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of green innovation (innovative practices) on green entrepreneurship sustainability. Data were gleaned from purposively chosen entrepreneurs in Vavuniya district with in-depth interviews. The results revealedthat most informants disclosed that entrepreneurs do not appear to be prepared to encounter the challenges or take unforeseen risks by capitalizing in green business and green innovative practices. Ironically the government and other departments and educational institutions (colleges and universities) do not recognize their role and fail to support green entrepreneurship development.
bacteriological study on resected lung
Authors: Hong Sung Moon
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Clinical study of Testosterone on Tuberculosis patients especially readiological changes
Authors: Lee Chai Kyu
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Home Visiting
Authors: Lee Kwan Hi , Pyun Hai Won , Han Eung Soo
Published: April 2021

There are Several indispensable Problemes for the treatment of Pulmonary T. B. Patients on the ambulatory basis. The most important things of them, to carry out the ambulatory treatment efficientry, are home care and case finding. The home care and case finding. Home care must be done carefuly in order to prevent the T. B. infection among the members of patients family as well as the patient himself. The case finding is also significant for the aforementioned purpose. It is because we can not expect perfection in T. B. control on the ambulatory basis other than finding T. B. patients as possible.Therefore we have conducted Home visiting for the patients who were diagnosed to have them knowledges on home care. On the other hand we have tested tuberculin reaction for their families, positive cases of whom had been x-rayed also. Here is our report on the home visiting conducted for 100 cases being under our treatment.1) The most of the patients are living with their families together in their small rooms and 38% of them are living the rented rooms.2) Many patients are living in the poor condition and almost half of them are supporters of their familγ.3) 47% of them are keeping modified rest, however, which is not considered enough for care of their sickness, 32% of them are keeping sufficient rest, and 21% of them have not any rest.4) We could find out the sourse of infection on 54% of the patients through our visits of their home. 50% of it has its source with their family.5) 19 % of them are isoated completely 81% of them are living in same room with their families, and over half of them are living with the children younger than 10 years old.6) For result of tuberculin test on their family, 90.4% are positive it is significant result that about 70% of the tested children younger than 10 years old is positive.7) 25% of their families are active T. B. patients, primary T. B. is 40.2% of them the highest rate.8) There is no remarkable diffference in Tuberculin reaction on some view point such as Isolation, Sputum Examination, Classification of Pulmonary T. B. and T. B. death etc. However, we could find remarkable difference in incidence of active T. B. among them. The rate of incidence of active T. B. is higher under the unfaverable condition.9) The rate of infection and incidence of T. B. among the coupIes is not consid erable. However, it is remarkably higher among children younger than 10 years old comparing with that of them .
Current Status of Pulmonary Surgery in the United States
Authors: Hong Pill Whoon
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Contemporary Trends of Tuberculosis in the United States of America
Authors: Han Eung-soo
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
The Chemotherapy of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and the Early Treatment
Authors: Lee C. S.
Published: April 2021

1; 240 sanatorium in-patients under various regimes of chemotherapy have been observed for 8 to 12 months. They were divided in three groups according to their duration of the ilolness before the proper treatment had begun and compared the results of X-ray change and the rate of sputum conversion to determine the difference between an early treatment and a late treatment.2; The group Ⅰ. who began the treatment within 6 monts after the onset of disease showed the marked improvement in 70% of Far Advanced to 80% of Minimal while the group Ⅲ who had began the treatment after 13 months of illness showed in 0% of F. A. & Min. to 10% of M. A. the group Ⅱ who began the treatment on 6 to 12 months showed the marked improvement 10% of F. A. & Min. to 33% of M. A.The meaning g of Marked improvement used here is limited by the author for more than 80% improvement or case which had to change the original classification due to the improvement. The progression of the disease has been noticed only below than 5% in group Ⅰ and 0% to 10% in group Ⅱ and 5% to 20% in group Ⅲ.The rate of sputum conversion showed also simillar trends but it did not completely paralleled with the X-ray change, showing 20%to 70% for the group Ⅰ and 10% to 30% for the group Ⅱand group Ⅲ.3; Since the author believes that the chemotherapy is a causative treatment and nothing to do directly with the consequences of the disese the early diagnosis and the early treatment should be considered more important than ever. Judging from the results of the group Ⅰ. which showed the remarkable improvement in 70 to 80%. if the early treatment had been in practice in this country, the majority case of pulmonary tuberculosis could been easily controlled with present antimicrobials in use and the efforts of seeking new miracle drugs would have been converted to make the earlier diagnosis.
Comparative Observations on Cares of Outpatients and Inpatients of Tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Dong-wook , Yoo Kwang-hyun , Shin Hyun-sam
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Isonicotinic-acid arid Streptomycin combine Treatment on an Atypical Tuberculous Meningitis case
Authors: Rha Sung Keun
Published: April 2021

I experienced an atypical tuberculous meningitis case which complicated. blindness and seVere delirium, but treated with Isonicotinic acid .600 mg . and hydrostreptomycin 1 gm daily a year at first stage 0.5 gm intrathecal and 3.5 gm intramuscularly daily but suddenly happened bleeding in the spinal fluid after that 1 gave INAH by mouth and hydrostreptomycin only intramuscularly 3 gm daily. After 3 months treatment in the hospital, the patient got good result, so that he continued the same treatment about 7 months at his home. At present moment he can see all the sight andwork as before he got tuberculous meningitis. ln my experiences it is first time treated severe tuberculous meningitis with above wonderful drugs. He is still continuing and take lNAH 300 mg daily by mouth even he is more healthy than before he had tuberculous meningitis.
Nasal glial heterotopia: A rare interdisciplinary surgical challenge in newborns
Authors: Gasparella Paolo , Singer Georg , Spendel Stephan , Nagy Eszter , Eder Hans Georg , Klaritsch Philipp , Till Holger , Haxhija Emir Q.
Published: April 2021

Nasal Glioma (NG) represents a rare congenital abnormality of the neonate, which can be associated with skull defects or even a direct communication to the central nervous system. MRI serves valuable information for differentiation from encephalocele, dermoid cyst and congenital hemangioma. Complete resection remains the treatment of choice. We present two cases of NG, which were both suspected during prenatal ultrasound and MRI. In the first case, postnatal MRI showed a transcranial continuity. Mass excision was performed and the defect was covered by a glabellar flap allowing a good cosmetic result. Postnatal MRI excluded a trans-glabellar communication in the second case. After surgical excision, the resulting skin defect was covered with a full thickness skin graft harvested from the right groin. In cases of NGs complete resection and cosmetic appealing results can be achieved and might necessitate a multidisciplinary approach.
The Institute for the History of Rheumatology, an offspring of the Italian Society of Rheumatology, is born in Venice
Authors: Punzi L. , Pérez Negrete A. , Marson P. , Cimmino M.A. , Po' M. , Gerli R. , Sinigaglia L.
Published: April 2021

Not available
Investigation of Sheriff Stuart’s black granite quarries in Charlotte County, southwestern New Brunswick: implications for the source of the titanic headstones in Halifax, Nova Scotia
Authors: Fyffe Leslie R. , Gardiner William W.
Published: April 2021

Robert Albert Stuart, the High Sheriff of Charlotte County, deserves credit for establishing the black granite monument industry in New Brunswick. In the late 19th to early 20th centuries, he opened three quarries in mafic plutonic rocks in the vicinity of the Chickahominy Mountain, north of St. Andrews: the Bocabec black granite quarry (1893), the Steen Lake black granite quarry (1895), and the Glenelg porphyry quarry (1906). Much of the information in brief articles in local newspapers lacks sufficient detail to gain a full understanding of the historical development of these quarries. To obtain a clearer timeline for production of stone from the quarries, the rock type in each was examined and compared to black granite monuments in nearby cemeteries known to be sourced from these specific quarries. Previous investigations did not entirely rule out the possibility that the Stuart quarries may have been a source for the headstones placed in the Fairview Lawn Cemetery in Halifax, Nova Scotia, to mark the graves of some of those who were lost when the Titanic sank in 1912. Our detailed analysis of rock textures and production histories leads us to conclude that none of the Stuart quarries could have been a source for the Titanic headstones and supports the previous assessment that they came from Charles Hanson quarry.
Carboniferous palynoevents in the circum-Arctic region
Authors: Mangerud Gunn , Lopas Gilda , Bujak Jonathan
Published: April 2021

The Carboniferous of the present-day Arctic yields an abundant and diverse association of terrestrial palynomorphs, particularly from Mississippian successions. Relatively few sections have been studied. However, those published so far demonstrate considerable similarities in the palynofloras between Arctic regions. Based on the published record, we present a compilation of 31 last occurrences (LOs), first occurrences (FOs), and some abundance events that have correlation potential around the Arctic. The chronostratigraphic resolution is relatively low, and the lack of independent age control hampers exact age assignments. But for most of these successions, palynology is the only dating tool available.
Introducing First-Year Pharmacy Students to Caring for Older People Using Telehealth
Authors: Mak Vivienne , Dean Laura
Published: April 2021

Pharmacists have an important role assisting older people with medication management as the complexity of medication regimens tends to increase with age. Effective communication with older people requires competency in oral communication and empathy skills. Development of these skills
in Monash University pharmacy students includes a workshop with older people. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this workshop was adapted from face-to-face learning to an online telehealth version. This article describes the conversion of the workshop, and the challenges and positive aspects
of the modification.
Getting to Know Your Members of Congress
Authors: Baldwin Paul
Published: April 2021

Now may be a good time to get to know the folks who represent you and your professional practice. For the next two years, Congress and the Biden Administration will be controlled by members of the same party, and that generally signals an opportunity for legislation to be passed and signed into law. In this column, we explore the best ways to engage and have your voice heard.
Uniconnected solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation arising from self-maps of groups
Authors: Rump Wolfgang
Published: April 2021

Set-theoretic solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation can be classified by their universal coverings and their fundamental groupoids. Extending previous results, universal coverings of irreducible involutive solutions are classified in the degenerate case. These solutions are described in terms of a group with a distinguished self-map. The classification in the nondegenerate case is simplified and compared with the description in the degenerate case.
Educating During the Great Transformation
Authors: Lange Elizabeth A. , Polanco O'Neil Joy Kcenia , Ross Katie E.
Published: April 2021

During this shifting of historical epochs, the “usual ways of doing things” is catalysing existential questions about the survival of humanity. Yet, it is precisely these points of severe disruption where the creation of something more complex and life-giving can evolve. In this article, we explore how the dominant Separation Paradigm has created the current disruptive socio-natural conditions. Individuals and societies steeped within the Separation Paradigm are unwittingly destructive, because they do not perceive, and thus unintentionally sever, the incomprehensibly relational nature of our universe. We summarise the overarching dynamics of the Separation Paradigm and critique how existent learning processes, including sustainability education, are reproducing the Separation Paradigm. A salve to the diverse manifestations of Separation, we describe multiple sources of the Relationality Paradigm as well as implications for relational ways of knowing and being, through an interweaving of theoretical and personal vignettes. Finally, we sketch the implications of a possible worldview transformation for educators and processes of education, particularly within transformative sustainability education.
Concurrent presentation of dental lamina cysts of the new born and natal tooth in a child: a case report and literature review
Authors: Aborisade A , Abdurrazaq J , Adeoye J
Published: April 2021

Dental lamina cysts and natal/neonatal teeth are rare findings in a neonate with the dental lamina cysts presenting as white or pink small nodules, often multiple, approximately 1 to 3mm in diameter. They are usually located on the alveolar mucosa of both maxilla and mandible and also on the midpalatine raphe; the whitish colored lamina cysts found on the alveolar mucosa can be confused clinically with neonatal teeth. Neonatal teeth are teeth found in infants within the first 30 days of life, and they present a social stigma to the parent. They have been reported to be a component of the full complement of teeth in 90-95% of cases. Apart from the social stigmata, they can also induce trauma to surrounding soft tissues and / or to the mother’s breast (Riga-Fede phenomenon). While the dental lamina cysts usually resolve spontaneously within few weeks to months, there are indications that might preclude extraction of a natal/neonatal tooth.Keywords: Dental lamina cyst, Epstein’s pearls, Mucosal cyst, natal/neonatal tooth