bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B Vitamins: An Update on Their Importance for Plant Homeostasis
Authors: Fitzpatrick Teresa B.
Published: March 2024

B vitamins are a source of coenzymes for a vast array of enzyme reactions, particularly those of metabolism. As metabolism is the basis of decisions that drive maintenance, growth, and development, B vitamin–derived coenzymes are key components that facilitate these processes. For over a century, we have known about these essential compounds and have elucidated their pathways of biosynthesis, repair, salvage, and degradation in numerous organisms. Only now are we beginning to understand their importance for regulatory processes, which are becoming an important topic in plants. Here, I highlight and discuss emerging evidence on how B vitamins are integrated into vital processes, from energy generation and nutrition to gene expression, and thereby contribute to the coordination of growth and developmental programs, particularly those that concern maintenance of a stable state, which is the foundational tenet of plant homeostasis.
Intercellular Communication in Shoot Meristems
Authors: Demesa-Arevalo Edgar , Narasimhan Madhumitha , Simon Rüdiger
Published: March 2024

The shoot meristem of land plants maintains the capacity for organ generation throughout its lifespan due to a group of undifferentiated stem cells. Most meristems are shaped like a dome with a precise spatial arrangement of functional domains, and, within and between these domains, cells interact through a network of interconnected signaling pathways. Intercellular communication in meristems is mediated by mobile transcription factors, small RNAs, hormones, and secreted peptides that are perceived by membrane-localized receptors. In recent years, we have gained deeper insight into the underlying molecular processes of the shoot meristem, and we discuss here how plants integrate internal and external inputs to control shoot meristem activities.
Physiological Responses of C4 Perennial Bioenergy Grasses to Climate Change: Causes, Consequences, and Constraints
Authors: Heckman Robert W. , Pereira Caio Guilherme , Aspinwall Michael J. , Juenger Thomas E.
Published: March 2024

C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are an economically and ecologically important group whose responses to climate change will be important to the future bioeconomy. These grasses are highly productive and frequently possess large geographic ranges and broad environmental tolerances, which may contribute to the evolution of ecotypes that differ in physiological acclimation capacity and the evolution of distinct functional strategies. C4 perennial bioenergy grasses are predicted to thrive under climate change—C4 photosynthesis likely evolved to enhance photosynthetic efficiency under stressful conditions of low [CO2], high temperature, and drought—although few studies have examined how these species will respond to combined stresses or to extremes of temperature and precipitation. Important targets for C4 perennial bioenergy production in a changing world, such as sustainability and resilience, can benefit from combining knowledge of C4 physiology with recent advances in crop improvement, especially genomic selection.
Kidney Disease Modeling with Organoids and Organs-on-Chips
Authors: Musah Samira , Bhattacharya Rohan , Himmelfarb Jonathan
Published: March 2024

Kidney disease is a global health crisis affecting more than 850 million people worldwide. In the United States, annual Medicare expenditures for kidney disease and organ failure exceed $81 billion. Efforts to develop targeted therapeutics are limited by a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human kidney disease onset and progression. Additionally, 90% of drug candidates fail in human clinical trials, often due to toxicity and efficacy not accurately predicted in animal models. The advent of ex vivo kidney models, such as those engineered from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and organ-on-a-chip (organ-chip) systems, has garnered considerable interest owing to their ability to more accurately model tissue development and patient-specific responses and drug toxicity. This review describes recent advances in developing kidney organoids and organ-chips by harnessing iPS cell biology to model human-specific kidney functions and disease states. We also discuss challenges that must be overcome to realize the potential of organoids and organ-chips as dynamic and functional conduits of the human kidney. Achieving these technological advances could revolutionize personalized medicine applications and therapeutic discovery for kidney disease.
The Geologic History of Plants and Climate in India
Authors: Sanyal Prasanta , Adhya Sourav Priyam , Mandal Ritwick , Roy Biswajit , Dasgupta Bibhasvata , Samantaray Santrupta , Sen Rahul , Sarangi Vijayananda , Kumar Anurag , Jha Deepak K. , Ajay Ajay
Published: March 2024

India's diverse vegetation and landscapes provide an opportunity to understand the responses of vegetation to climate change. By examining pollen and fossil records along with carbon isotopes of organic matter and leaf wax, this review uncovers the rich vegetational history of India. Notably, during the late Miocene (8 to 6 Ma), the transition from C3 to C4 plants in lowland regions was a pivotal ecological shift, with fluctuations in their abundance during the late Quaternary (100 ka to the present). In India, the global phenomenon of C4 expansion was driven by the combined feedback of climate variations, changes in substrate conditions, and habitat disturbances. The Himalayan region has experienced profound transformations, including tree-line migrations, shifts in flowering and fruiting times, species loss, and shifts in plant communities due to changing monsoons and westerlies. Coastal areas, characterized by mangroves, have been dynamically influenced by changing sea extents driven by climate changes. In arid desert regions, the interplay between summer and westerlies rainfall has shaped vegetation composition. This review explores vegetation and climate history since 14 Ma and emphasizes the need for more isotope data from contemporary plants, precise sediment dating, and a better understanding of fire's role in shaping vegetation.
▪This review highlights diverse vegetation and landscapes of India as a valuable source for understanding the vegetation-climate link during the last 14 Myr.▪A significant ecological shift occurred during 8 to 6 Ma in India, marked by the transition from C3 to C4 plants in the lowland regions.▪The abundance of C3 and C4 plants varied in India during the late Quaternary (100 ka to present).▪This review emphasizes the importance of more isotope data, precise sediment dating, and a better understanding of fire's role in shaping vegetation.
Circuit-Specific Deep Brain Stimulation Provides Insights into Movement Control
Authors: Gittis Aryn H. , Sillitoe Roy V.
Published: March 2024

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a method in which electrical stimulation is delivered to specific areas of the brain, is an effective treatment for managing symptoms of a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Clinical access to neural circuits during DBS provides an opportunity to study the functional link between neural circuits and behavior. This review discusses how the use of DBS in Parkinson's disease and dystonia has provided insights into the brain networks and physiological mechanisms that underlie motor control. In parallel, insights from basic science about how patterns of electrical stimulation impact plasticity and communication within neural circuits are transforming DBS from a therapy for treating symptoms to a therapy for treating circuits, with the goal of training the brain out of its diseased state.
Predictive Processing: A Circuit Approach to Psychosis
Authors: Keller Georg B. , Sterzer Philipp
Published: March 2024

Predictive processing is a computational framework that aims to explain how the brain processes sensory information by making predictions about the environment and minimizing prediction errors. It can also be used to explain some of the key symptoms of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. In recent years, substantial advances have been made in our understanding of the neuronal circuitry that underlies predictive processing in cortex. In this review, we summarize these findings and how they might relate to psychosis and to observed cell type–specific effects of antipsychotic drugs. We argue that quantifying the effects of antipsychotic drugs on specific neuronal circuit elements is a promising approach to understanding not only the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs but also psychosis. Finally, we outline some of the key experiments that should be done. The aims of this review are to provide an overview of the current circuit-based approaches to psychosis and to encourage further research in this direction.
Global IL4Rα blockade exacerbates heart failure after an ischemic event in mice and humans
Authors: Alvarez-Argote Santiago , Almeida Victor A. , Knas Makenna C. , Buday Sydney L. , Patterson Michaela , O’Meara Caitlin C.
Published: March 2024

A body of literature suggests a protective role for IL4Rα signaling postmyocardial infarction in mice. Here, our observational study demonstrates that humans taking the IL4Rα neutralizing antibody, dupilumab, have increased incidence of heart failure following an ischemic event. Similarly, global IL4Rα deletion in mice exacerbates heart failure postinfarct. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an adverse association in humans of dupilumab use with heart failure following a cardiac ischemic event.
Characterization of Amino Acid Composition, Nutritional Value, and Taste of Fruits from Different Actinidia arguta Resources
Authors: He Yanli , Qin Hongyan , Wen Jinli , Wang Lin , Cao Weiyu , Fan Shutian , Lu Wenpeng , Li Jiaqi , Li Changyu
Published: March 2024

The nutritional value and flavor and texture characteristics of fruits from different Actinidia argute resources were scientifically evaluated and compared. Using 35 A. arguta fruits as materials, the amino acid composition and content were determined by an automatic amino acid analyzer, and differentiation analysis, amino acid nutritional value evaluation, TAV flavor analysis, correlation analysis, PCA comprehensive evaluation, and cluster analysis were conducted to clarify the diversity of A. arguta resources in terms of amino acid content, composition, and flavor characteristics. Analysis of differential results showed that the A. arguta resource fruits contained 17 amino acids with a total amino acid content of 384.20∼2590.56 mg/100 g. The results of the nutritional value evaluation showed that the Leu of the fruits of the A. arguta resources all conformed to the ideal model proposed by FAO/WHO, and the Leu content of all the resources exceeded the human body’s needs, and it was also found that the first limiting amino acid of the Actinidia argute resources was Ile and the second limiting amino acid was Lys. TAV of the flavor-presenting amino acids was calculated to evaluate the flavor-presenting taste characteristics, and the amino acids that influenced the flavor of A. arguta fruit were Glu and Cys. PCA showed that the 2 principal components could better reflect the comprehensive information of amino acids in A. arguta, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 87.88%, which could represent the main trend of amino acids in A. arguta. A comprehensive amino acid evaluation model was established, and the composite scores indicated that the top 5 excellent resources were S4, S10, S18, S25, and S30. Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the 35 A. arguta resources into 4 categories, which better reflected the differences in amino acid content and composition, nutritional value, and taste characteristics among A. arguta fruits from different collection sites.
Women’s Social Health and Related Factors in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Tayefi Batool , Rampisheh Zahra , SoleimanvandiAzar Neda , Zandian Elham , Amirkafi Ali , Ramezani Mozhdeh , Hajigholam-Saryazdi Maryam , Alibeyk Sepideh , Ahmadi Seyed Amir Yasin , Nojomi Marzieh
Published: March 2024

Women’s health is the foundation of society’s health and it can be achieved only by addressing all aspects of their health. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate the prevalence of social health of Iranian women and related factors. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) was used for reporting; the terms “social health,” “women,” “Iran,” and related keywords were searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsychoInfo, ProQuest and local databases, SID, Magiran, Irandoc, Elmnet, and Noormags up to August 2022. The published English or Persian quantitative primary studies which were conducted in Iran and reported social health or its dimensions among Iranian women were included. The studies were assessed by quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross‐sectional studies developed by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. From the 786 studies retrieved, 22 studies were finally included surveying different groups of women. Age, marital status, education, employment, socioeconomic status, social support, social participation, social trust, social security, communication skills, and self‐esteem were the factors affecting women’s social health. Five studies entered meta‐analysis and mean score of social health was 98.54 (95% CI: 87.56–109.51) and it was the lowest among women who were the head of households. Since women’s social health has been less considered in the society and research studies, further policies, legislations, and capacity building in mentioned fields are necessary. As social health is an important aspect of health, it is necessary for governments to address the known determinants of women’s social health in order to plan and promote the health of women, family, and finally society.
Design and In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations of a Novel Nicotinamide Derivative as a VEGFR-2 Inhibitor
Authors: Eissa Ibrahim H. , Bkrah Muhammad Abd ElGayed , Yousef Reda G. , Elkady Hazem , Elkaeed Eslam B. , Alsfouk Bshra A. , Ibrahim Ibrahim M. , Metwaly Ahmed M. , Husein Dalal Z.
Published: March 2024

A new nicotinamide derivative, (E)-N-(4-(1-(2-(4-benzamidobenzoyl)hydrazone)ethyl)phenyl)nicotinamide, was designed as a VEGFR-2 inhibitor. Utilizing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the three-dimensional structure of the designed compound was determined, shedding light on its stability and reactivity. Molecular docking revealed its capability to inhibit VEGFR-2, which was further supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirming its binding to the target protein. In addition, molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA), protein-ligand interactions profiler (PLIP), and essential dynamics studies provided further validation of the compound’s precise binding with optimal energy. Then, the “compound 10” was synthesized and subjected to in vitro assays. Compound 10 inhibited VEGFR-2 with an IC50 value of 105.4 ± 0.896 nM, comparing sorafenib’s IC50 value of 61.65 ± 0.934 nM. Besides, it exhibited cytotoxicity against HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, with IC50 values of 35.78 ± 0.863 μM and 57.62 μM ± 0.871, comparing sorafenib’s IC50 values of 5.95 ± 0.917 μM and 8.45 ± 0.912 μM. Furthermore, compound 10 demonstrated a lower level of toxicity towards Vero cell lines, with an IC50 value of 127.3 μM. Likewise, compound 10 induced apoptosis in HepG2 cell lines through a flow cytometric analysis in addition to an increase in the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Moreover, compound 10 hindered the migration and healing abilities of HepG2 cells. In conclusion, our study positions compound 10 as a promising candidate for further chemical modifications and biological evaluations.
Quantifying the Effect of Soil Ameliorants on Soil Crusting by Means of Field Experiments in a Wildlife Protected Area, South Africa
Authors: Human Anélle , Nortjé Gerhardus P. , Laker Michiel C.
Published: March 2024

Soil crusting (surface sealing) is widespread and serious in ecotouristic game parks and reserves in southern Africa, and especially South Africa. In this study, mineral soil crusts were found to be the problem in the Dinokeng Game Reserve (DGR), South Africa. Large areas of bare soil crusted areas were found in this reserve. The cause of this crusting was found to be historical agricultural practices such as cultivation with maize on non-arable soils and overgrazing by cattle. Negative impacts of soil crusting include reduction of water infiltration, leading to increased runoff and erosion and induced drought; inhibiting soil aeration; inhibiting germination and seedling emergence; and inhibiting root functioning and development. In this study in the DGR, a bare crusted area, where cultivation was abandoned 50 years before and there has been no recovery to rangeland since then, was selected for a field trial to determine the effectiveness of the application of various soil ameliorants on soil crust alleviation and improvement of water infiltration rate. The following ameliorants were evaluated: polyacrylamide (PAM) at levels of 5 and 20 kg/ha, gypsum at 2.5 t/ha, and molasses meal at 5 t/ha, as well as combinations of PAM and molasses meal, PAM and gypsum and gypsum and molasses meal. Brush packing, without any ameliorant applied, was also included as treatment, as well as a control with no treatments. PAM treatments increased final infiltration rate (FIR) by between 100–206%. The high efficacy of the lowest PAM treatment is at a cost of only USD 15 per hectare economically important. On the studied soil gypsum application reduced FIR by 81%, while molasses meal had minimal effect. These ameliorants can therefore not be recommended on such soil.
The Unspoken Wounds: Understanding the Psychological Impact on Healthcare Professionals Fighting COVID‐19 in Pakistan
Authors: Khan Rimsha , Javed Hasnain , Fatima Warda , Ahsan Ali , Khan Malik Ihsan Ullah , Ahmad Saeed , Khurshid Mohsin
Published: March 2024

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, hospital staff faced numerous mental health challenges. However, limited research focused on anxiety and stress specifically among hospital workers during this time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anxiety levels of healthcare workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A multidimensional, cross‐sectional survey was distributed to healthcare workers and staff at hospitals, COVID‐19 laboratories, and healthcare settings. The survey included a total of 625 frontline healthcare workers, with 445 (71.2%) being male and 180 (28.8%) female. There were 405 (64.8%) lab professionals, 90 (14.0%) doctors, and 130 (20.8%) others, including nursing staff, administrative personnel, and supporting staff crucial to the functioning of healthcare settings. Among the lab professionals, 37.0% reported moderate depression levels and 16.0% reported severe depression levels during the pandemic. For doctors, 22.2% experienced mild depression and 33.33% experienced severe depression. Several factors were significantly associated with depression and anxiety among frontline healthcare workers, including physiological and social factors, fear of infection, risk of infecting family members and colleagues, lack of personal protective equipment (PPE), long working hours, untrained staff, social issues, and cooperation problems. These factors collectively contributed to reduced work efficacy during the pandemic. Frontline health workers played a critical role in the fight against COVID‐19. The findings from this study have important implications for developing strategies to improve the mental health of healthcare workers during the pandemic and implementing policies that enhance work efficacy, ultimately leading to the improved outcomes.
A Nomogram to Predict Benign/Malignant Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Based on EBUS Sonographic Features
Authors: Ling Bingchao , Xie Weishun , Zhong Yi , Feng Taowen , Huang Yueli , Ge Lianying , Liu Aiqun
Published: March 2024

Background. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) sonographic features help identify benign/malignant lymph nodes while conducting transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA). This study aims to identify risk factors for malignancy based on EBUS sonographic features and to estimate the risk of malignancy in lymph nodes by constructing a nomogram. Methods. 1082 lymph nodes from 625 patients were randomly enrolled in training (n = 760) and validation (n = 322) sets. The subgroup of EBUS-TBNA postoperative negative lymph nodes (n = 317) was randomly enrolled in a training (n = 224) set and a validation (n = 93) set. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the EBUS features of malignant lymph nodes. A nomogram was formulated using the EBUS features in the training set and later validated in the validation set. Results. Multivariate analysis revealed that long-axis, short-axis, echogenicity, fusion, and central hilar structure (CHS) were the independent predictors of malignant lymph nodes. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was constructed. Both the training and validation sets of 5 EBUS features nomogram showed good discrimination, with area under the curve values of 0.880 (sensitivity = 0.829 and specificity = 0.807) and 0.905 (sensitivity = 0.819 and specificity = 0.857). Subgroup multivariate analysis revealed that long-axis, echogenicity, and CHS were the independent predictors of malignancy outcomes of EBUS-TBNA postoperative negative lymph nodes. Based on these risk factors, a nomogram was constructed. Both the training and validation sets of 3 EBUS features nomogram showed good discrimination, with the area under the curve values of 0.890 (sensitivity = 0.882 and specificity = 0.786) and 0.834 (sensitivity = 0.930 and specificity = 0.636). Conclusions. Our novel scoring system based on two nomograms can be utilized to predict malignant lymph nodes.
Beneficial Effects of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Metabolic Parameters and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Lakić Biljana , Škrbić Ranko , Uletilović Snežana , Mandić-Kovačević Nebojša , Grabež Milkica , Šarić Mirna Popović , Stojiljković Miloš P. , Soldatović Ivan , Janjetović Zorica , Stokanović Anastasija , Stojaković Nataša , Mikov Momir
Published: March 2024

Background. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, both occurring in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to the standard treatment of T2DM, a potential strategy has been focused on the use of bile acids (BAs) as an additional treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), as the first BA used in humans, improves glucose and lipid metabolism and attenuates oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential metabolic, anti‐inflammatory, and antioxidative effects of UDCA in patients with T2DM. Methods. This prospective, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study included 60 patients with T2DM, randomly allocated to receive UDCA or placebo. Subjects were treated with 500 mg tablets of UDCA or placebo administered three times per day (total dose of 1500 mg/day) for eight weeks. Two study visits, at the beginning (F0) and at the end (F1) of the study, included the interview, anthropometric and clinical measurements, and biochemical analyses. Results. UDCA treatment showed a significant reduction in body mass index (p = 0.024) and in diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.033), compared to placebo. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in waist circumference in the UDCA group before and after treatment (p < 0.05). Although no statistical significance was observed at the two‐month follow‐up assessment, an average decrease in glucose levels in the UDCA group was observed. After two months of the intervention period, a significant decrease in the activity of liver enzymes was noticed. Furthermore, a significant reduction in prooxidative parameters (TBARS, NO2-, H2O2) and significant elevation in antioxidative parameters such as SOD and GSH were found (p < 0.001). Conclusions. The eight‐week UDCA administration showed beneficial effects on metabolic and oxidative stress parameters in patients with T2DM. Thus, UDCA could attenuate the progression and complications of diabetes and should be considered as an adjuvant to other diabetes treatment modalities. This trial is registered with NCT05416580.
Advanced Periocular Basal Cell Carcinoma with Orbital Invasion: Update on Management and Treatment Advances
Authors: Bengoa-González Alvaro , Mencía-Gutiérrez Enrique , Garrido María , Salvador Elena , Lago-Llinás María-Dolores
Published: March 2024

Purpose. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignant periocular tumor. It is associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and its incidence is gradually increasing. It may occasionally display more aggressive behavior and result in orbital or intracranial invasion. Mortality from periocular BBC with orbital invasion is very low, but the associated morbidity can be significant, from disfigurement to blindness. Traditionally, these cases have been treated with orbital exenteration or with radiotherapy (RT), but in recent years, hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HPIs) have emerged, are effective in more serious cases, and are used primarily or combined with surgery, changing our perspective on the management of these patients. Methods. We studied 24 cases of periocular BCC with orbital invasion, some primary and others recurrent, which were treated between 2011 and 2021 in the same hospital. All patients had clinical or radiological evidence of orbital invasion. Orbital exenteration was performed on 9/24 of the patients (1 received vismodegib after surgery), and 12/24 were treated, surgically preserving the eyeball, with 3 of them receiving adjuvant vismodegib. Three of the twenty-four patients were treated exclusively with vismodegib (Erivedge®, Genentech). Results. One patient died due to poor tumor evolution, but the rest evolved favorably and they have had no recurrences. Vismodegib was generally well tolerated, except for in one patient who discontinued treatment due to the side effects. Conclusions. In advanced BBC with orbital invasion, mutilating surgical treatments such as exenteration or potentially vision-threatening treatments such as RT remain as options. In recent years, however, very promising new medical therapies have emerged, such as HPI, which can be used effectively instead of surgery or in combination with it, preserving the eye and vision, which implies a new approach to treatment.
The Predictive Role of Lactate in the Emergency Department in Patients with Severe Dyspnea
Authors: Niczewski Maciej , Gawęda Szymon , Kluszczyk Paulina , Rycerski Mikołaj , Syguła Daria , Danel Anna , Szmigiel Szymon , Mendrala Konrad , Oraczewska Aleksandra , Kijonka Czarosław , Nowicka Monika , Wita Michał , Cyzowski Tomasz , Brożek Grzegorz , Dyrbuś Maciej , Skoczyński Szymon
Published: March 2024

Objective. An accurate identification of patients at the need for prioritized diagnostics and care are crucial in the emergency department (ED). Blood gas (BG) analysis is a widely available laboratory test, which allows to measure vital parameters, including markers of ventilation and perfusion. The aim of our analysis was to assess whether blood gas parameters in patients with dyspnea at an increased risk of respiratory failure admitted to the ED can predict short-term outcomes. Methods. The study group eventually consisted of 108 patients, with available BG analysis. The clinical and laboratory parameters were retrospectively evaluated, and three groups were distinguished—arterial blood gas (ABG), venous blood gas (VBG), and mixed blood gas. The primary endpoint was short-term, all-cause mortality during the follow-up of median (quartile 1–quartile 3) 2 (1–4) months. The independent risk factors for mortality that could be obtained from blood gas sampling were evaluated. Results. The short-term mortality was 35.2% (38/108). Patients who died were more frequently initially assigned to the red triage risk group, more burdened with comorbidities, and the median SpO2 on admission was significantly lower than in patients who survived the follow-up period. In the multivariable analysis, lactate was the strongest independent predictor of death, with 1 mmol/L increasing all-cause mortality by 58% in ABG (95% CI: 1.01–2.47), by 80% in VBG (95% CI: 1.13–2.88), and by 68% in the mixed blood gas analysis (95% CI: 1.22–2.31), what remained significant in VBG and mixed group after correction for base excess. In each group, pH, pO2, and pCO2 did not predict short-term mortality. Conclusions. In patients admitted to the ED due to dyspnea, at risk of respiratory failure, lactate levels in arterial, venous, and mixed blood samples are independent predictors of short-term mortality.
The Formal Analysis on Negative Information Selections for Privacy Protection in Data Publishing
Authors: Chen Ping , Hu Jingjing , Wu Zhitao , Xiong Ruoting , Ren Wei
Published: March 2024

Negative information selection is an approach to protect the privacy by using negative information to replace original information. In this paper, we prove some bounds for negative information selection. Those bounds reveal the privacy protection strength of quantitative probability analysis. We also analyzed the reconstruction probability of original information from available negative information. The formal analysis can specify the bound on the strength of security and utility for negative information selection. Besides, we simulate brute force attacks under different data leakage ratios. Specifically, we calculate the attacker’s guess times before and after the data leakage. Experimental results indicate that the data leakage of over 30% can put the original information in a dangerous situation. Furthermore, we found that the leakage possibility has little relevance to the number of elements in the full set, but it is influenced by the ratio of the leaked information.
Feasibility Study of Expanded Clay Aggregate Lightweight Concrete for Nonstructural Applications
Authors: Khan Shayan Ali , Hussain Fazal , Khushnood Rao Arsalan , Amjad Hassan , Ahmad Farhan
Published: March 2024

In nonstructural infill panels, common materials like expanded polystyrene panels face fire susceptibility, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) incurs high production costs, and traditional bricks come with a significant carbon footprint and weight. So, there is a requirement for infill panels that are not just resilient and lightweight but sustainable as well. This study seeks to address these issues by introducing sustainable and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (ECA) in concrete. Firstly, eight ECA mix designs were prepared by integrating fly ash and kerosene with clay, and ECA with a bulk density of 0.59 g/cm³ and compressive strength of up to 1.73 MPa were prepared. The lightest ECA mix was then chosen to explore their use in lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) along with fly ash as a secondary cementitious material. The resulting LWAC had a minimum density of 1,050 kg/m³ and a compressive strength of 6.8 MPa, fulfilling the standard requirements of a minimum of 3.5 MPa for nonstructural concrete.
Damping Coefficient Optimization for the Articulated System of Virtual Track Trains
Authors: Li Chao , Ji Yuanjin , Huang Youpei , Leng Han , Yang Maozhenning , Ren Lihui
Published: March 2024

Virtual track trains are a new type of rail transportation because the multisection formation structure leads to more degrees of freedom of the vehicle, which may cause unstable phenomena, such as tailing, cross‐swing, and folding, affecting the stability and ride comfort of the vehicle driving. To explore the effect of damping coefficient of the articulated systems on vehicle dynamics performance, a vehicle system dynamics model is established based on the actual parameters of a three‐module six‐axle virtual track train. According to ISO14791: 2000, select typical working conditions such as straight line, lane change, and 1/4 circle curve, and optimize the damping coefficient of the articulated systems through co‐simulation. The study shows that under straight‐line conditions, increasing the damping coefficient can effectively suppress the yaw angular acceleration and improve the lateral ride comfort of the vehicle but has little effect on the vertical ride comfort. Under lane change conditions, too large or small damping coefficients will deteriorate the train’s lateral stability, and a reasonable damping coefficient will improve the yaw damping ratio of the vehicle and reduce the lateral sway vibration between vehicles. Under the 1/4 circle curve conditions, the additional articulated system damper will reduce the vehicle’s curve passing performance. In this paper, the articulation stability of multimodule fully connected vehicles is analyzed and optimized for the first time, and the damping coefficient control strategy is given based on the geometric tracking control method. The research results are of great significance for the parameter selection of virtual track trains’ articulated system and the design and development of specialized articulated systems for related vehicles.
Optimization of Brewing Process Vine Tea and Flavor Analysis of Different Brewing Processes
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Hua , Xie Min , Wan Jianfeng , Li Jiaxing , Yang Si , Li Yulu , Zhang Qin , Liu Zhiyong , Xiong Yaokun
Published: March 2024

As a traditional Chinese medicine with the dual use of medicine and food, vine tea has been utilized for centuries as a daily health beverage due to its various health benefits. The primary component responsible for its biological activity is its total flavonoid content. While numerous studies have been conducted on the extracts of vine tea, research has primarily centered on its ingredients and effects, with limited focus on its sensory characteristics. As it has the problems of the undesirable flavor of bitterness and astringency, the development of the vine tea industry is limited. Furthermore, there is currently no standardized brewing process for vine tea. Therefore, it is essential to find a brewing method that is universally applicable and balances a high level of active ingredients with a rich sensory experience. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various water qualities, tea-water ratios, brewing temperatures, steeping times, and frequencies on the total flavonoid content. To investigate the differences between samples from different brewing methods, one-factor experiments (n = 20) and orthogonal experiments were conducted. The total flavonoid content was measured using UV spectrophotometry. To thoroughly examine the flavor compounds, we employed mathematical relationship analysis, radar-gram analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and odor fingerprinting. By integrating these methods with the electronic tongue and electronic nose, we were able to compare the flavor variances between samples and offer a concise analysis of the flavor compounds. The brewing process is influenced by several factors, with the tea-to-water ratio having the most significant impact, followed by brewing temperature and then brewing time. Electronic tongues and electronic noses can distinguish vine tea samples with different brewing processes to a certain extent. The optimal brewing conditions determined in this study were pure water, a 1 : 50 tea-to-water ratio, an 85°C brewing temperature, an 8-minute brewing time, and a single brew cycle. These conditions produced the highest total flavonoid content in the vine tea, at 326.8 mg/g, and the best flavor quality. This study offers novel approaches to standardize the brewing process of vine tea, along with valuable perspectives for enhancing the sensory attributes of the tea. It can serve as a benchmark for the industry’s future growth in the canning of vine tea, facilitating the creation of diverse vine tea drinks.
Supplementary Table S8 from Lung Cancer in Ever- and Never-Smokers: Findings from Multi-Population GWAS Studies
Authors: Li Yafang , Xiao Xiangjun , Li Jianrong , Han Younghun , Cheng Chao , Fernandes Gail F. , Slewitzke Shannon E. , Rosenberg Susan M. , Zhu Meng , Byun Jinyoung , Bossé Yohan , McKay James D. , Albanes Demetrios , Lam Stephen , Tardon Adonina , Chen Chu , Bojesen Stig E. , Landi Maria T. , Johansson Mattias , Risch Angela , Bickeböller Heike , Wichmann H-Erich , Christiani David C. , Rennert Gad , Arnold Susanne M. , Goodman Gary E. , Field John K. , Davies Michael P.A. , Shete Sanjay , Marchand Loïc Le , Liu Geoffrey , Hung Rayjean J. , Andrew Angeline S. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Sun Ryan , Zienolddiny Shanbeh , Grankvist Kjell , Johansson Mikael , Caporaso Neil E. , Cox Angela , Hong Yun-Chul , Lazarus Philip , Schabath Matthew B. , Aldrich Melinda C. , Schwartz Ann G. , Gorlov Ivan , Purrington Kristen S. , Yang Ping , Liu Yanhong , Bailey-Wilson Joan E. , Pinney Susan M. , Mandal Diptasri , Willey James C. , Gaba Colette , Brennan Paul , Xia Jun , Shen Hongbing , Amos Christopher I.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Table S8 displays the sample size from independent Asian studies.
Supplementary Table 1 from Genome-Wide Gene–Environment Interaction Analyses to Understand the Relationship between Red Meat and Processed Meat Intake and Colorectal Cancer Risk
Authors: Stern Mariana C. , Sanchez Mendez Joel , Kim Andre E. , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Moratalla-Navarro Ferran , Martín Vicente , Moreno Victor , Lin Yi , Bien Stephanie A. , Qu Conghui , Su Yu-Ru , White Emily , Harrison Tabitha A. , Huyghe Jeroen R. , Tangen Catherine M. , Newcomb Polly A. , Phipps Amanda I. , Thomas Claire E. , Kawaguchi Eric S. , Lewinger Juan Pablo , Morrison John L. , Conti David V. , Wang Jun , Thomas Duncan C. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Visvanathan Kala , Keku Temitope O. , Newton Christina C. , Um Caroline Y. , Kundaje Anshul , Shcherbina Anna , Murphy Neil , Gunter Marc J. , Dimou Niki , Papadimitriou Nikos , Bézieau Stéphane , van Duijnhoven Franzel J.B. , Männistö Satu , Rennert Gad , Wolk Alicja , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann , Chang-Claude Jenny , Tian Yu , Le Marchand Loïc , Cotterchio Michelle , Tsilidis Konstantinos K. , Bishop D. Timothy , Melaku Yohannes Adama , Lynch Brigid M. , Buchanan Daniel D. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Ose Jennifer , Peoples Anita R. , Pellatt Andrew J. , Li Li , Devall Matthew A.M. , Campbell Peter T. , Albanes Demetrius , Weinstein Stephanie J. , Berndt Sonja I. , Gruber Stephen B. , Ruiz-Narvaez Edward , Song Mingyang , Joshi Amit D. , Drew David A. , Petrick Jessica L. , Chan Andrew T. , Giannakis Marios , Peters Ulrike , Hsu Li , Gauderman W. James
Published: March 2024

Description of studies that contributed to the pool sample of our study, with mention of sample size, genotyping platform, study design and country of origin.
Table S4 from Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and SNPs: Risk Factors in Multiple Cancers Based on a Cross-Tumor Analysis in Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Dongbo , Yan Zeyu , Yuan Qing , Xie Fanfan , Liu Yang , Feng Zehui , Wang Zhenni , Zhou Feng , Xing Jinliang , Zhang Zhaohui , Wang Fuli , Guo Xu
Published: March 2024

Analysis of association between mtDNA haplogroups and occurrence risk in multiple types of cancer of self-test external validation set.
Table S3 from Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroups and SNPs: Risk Factors in Multiple Cancers Based on a Cross-Tumor Analysis in Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Dongbo , Yan Zeyu , Yuan Qing , Xie Fanfan , Liu Yang , Feng Zehui , Wang Zhenni , Zhou Feng , Xing Jinliang , Zhang Zhaohui , Wang Fuli , Guo Xu
Published: March 2024

Analysis of association between mtDNA haplogroups and occurrence risk in multiple types of cancer of public external validation set.
Table S2 from Hematocrit Is Associated with Cancer-Related Fatigue in Colorectal Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Kiebach Joann , de Vries-ten Have Judith , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Kok Dieuwertje E. , van Lanen Anne-Sophie , Kouwenhoven Ewout A. , de Wilt Johannes H.W. , Schrauwen Ruud W.M. , Kampman Ellen , Winkels Renate M. , Wesselink Evertine
Published: March 2024

Analyses on the association between hematocrit levels and prevalence and severity of CRF at the different timepoints stratified by tumor stage and location
Supplementary Methods 1 from Isolating the Drivers of Racial Inequities in Prostate Cancer Treatment
Authors: Hammarlund Noah , Holt Sarah K. , Basu Anirban , Etzioni Ruth , Morehead Danté , Lee Jenney R. , Wolff Erika M. , Gore John L. , Nyame Yaw A.
Published: March 2024

Supplementary Methods 1: Explanation of decomposition method, prediction models, data sample, and codes used for treatment.
Data from Evaluation of Algorithms Using Automated Health Plan Data to Identify Breast Cancer Recurrences
Authors: Aiello Bowles Erin J. , Kroenke Candyce H. , Chubak Jessica , Bhimani Jenna , O'Connell Kelli , Brandzel Susan , Valice Emily , Doud Rachael , Theis Mary Kay , Roh Janise M. , Heon Narre , Persaud Sonia , Griggs Jennifer J. , Bandera Elisa V. , Kushi Lawrence H. , Kantor Elizabeth D.
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground:
We updated algorithms to identify breast cancer recurrences from administrative data, extending previously developed methods.
Methods:
In this validation study, we evaluated pairs of breast cancer recurrence algorithms (vs. individual algorithms) to identify recurrences. We generated algorithm combinations that categorized discordant algorithm results as no recurrence [High Specificity and PPV (positive predictive value) Combination] or recurrence (High Sensitivity Combination). We compared individual and combined algorithm results to manually abstracted recurrence outcomes from a sample of 600 people with incident stage I–IIIA breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2015. We used Cox regression to evaluate risk factors associated with age- and stage-adjusted recurrence rates using different recurrence definitions, weighted by inverse sampling probabilities.
Results:
Among 600 people, we identified 117 recurrences using the High Specificity and PPV Combination, 505 using the High Sensitivity Combination, and 118 using manual abstraction. The High Specificity and PPV Combination had good specificity [98%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 97–99] and PPV (72%, 95% CI: 63–80) but modest sensitivity (64%, 95% CI: 44–80). The High Sensitivity Combination had good sensitivity (80%, 95% CI: 49–94) and specificity (83%, 95% CI: 80–86) but low PPV (29%, 95% CI: 25–34). Recurrence rates using combined algorithms were similar in magnitude for most risk factors.
Conclusions:
By combining algorithms, we identified breast cancer recurrences with greater PPV than individual algorithms, without additional review of discordant records.
Impact:
Researchers should consider tradeoffs between accuracy and manual chart abstraction resources when using previously developed algorithms. We provided guidance for future studies that use breast cancer recurrence algorithms with or without supplemental manual chart abstraction.
Supplementary Table S1 from GATA-3–dependent Gene Transcription is Impaired upon HDAC Inhibition
Authors: Geng Xiangrong , Wang Chenguang , Abdelrahman Suhaib , Perera Thilini , Saed Badeia , Hu Ying S. , Wolfe Ashley , Reneau John , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: March 2024

Primers used in qRT-PCR.
Supplementary Figure S3 from GATA-3–dependent Gene Transcription is Impaired upon HDAC Inhibition
Authors: Geng Xiangrong , Wang Chenguang , Abdelrahman Suhaib , Perera Thilini , Saed Badeia , Hu Ying S. , Wolfe Ashley , Reneau John , Murga-Zamalloa Carlos , Wilcox Ryan A.
Published: March 2024

ChlP-seq occupancy binding peaks at GATA-3 target genes in vehicle/HDACi treated H9 cells
Supplementary Figure S9 from Surface and Global Proteome Analyses Identify ENPP1 and Other Surface Proteins as Actionable Immunotherapeutic Targets in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Mooney Brian , Negri Gian Luca , Shyp Taras , Delaidelli Alberto , Zhang Hai-Feng , Spencer Miko Sandra E. , Weiner Amber K. , Radaoui Alexander B. , Shraim Rawan , Lizardo Michael M. , Hughes Christopher S. , Li Amy , El-Naggar Amal M. , Rouleau Melanie , Li Wei , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Diskin Sharon J. , Maris John M. , Morin Gregg B. , Sorensen Poul H.
Published: March 2024

Domain structure of ENPP1 and CDH11.
Supplementary Figure S10 from Surface and Global Proteome Analyses Identify ENPP1 and Other Surface Proteins as Actionable Immunotherapeutic Targets in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Mooney Brian , Negri Gian Luca , Shyp Taras , Delaidelli Alberto , Zhang Hai-Feng , Spencer Miko Sandra E. , Weiner Amber K. , Radaoui Alexander B. , Shraim Rawan , Lizardo Michael M. , Hughes Christopher S. , Li Amy , El-Naggar Amal M. , Rouleau Melanie , Li Wei , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Diskin Sharon J. , Maris John M. , Morin Gregg B. , Sorensen Poul H.
Published: March 2024

ENPP1 and CDH11 expression in xenograft models of EwS.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Surface and Global Proteome Analyses Identify ENPP1 and Other Surface Proteins as Actionable Immunotherapeutic Targets in Ewing Sarcoma
Authors: Mooney Brian , Negri Gian Luca , Shyp Taras , Delaidelli Alberto , Zhang Hai-Feng , Spencer Miko Sandra E. , Weiner Amber K. , Radaoui Alexander B. , Shraim Rawan , Lizardo Michael M. , Hughes Christopher S. , Li Amy , El-Naggar Amal M. , Rouleau Melanie , Li Wei , Dimitrov Dimiter S. , Kurmasheva Raushan T. , Houghton Peter J. , Diskin Sharon J. , Maris John M. , Morin Gregg B. , Sorensen Poul H.
Published: March 2024

Peptide coverage of all proteins and surface proteins in the global and surfaceome approaches.
Supplementary Table S13 from Spatial Gene-Expression Profiling Unveils Immuno-oncogenic Programs of NF1-Associated Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Progression
Authors: Mitchell Dana K. , Burgess Breanne , White Emily E. , Smith Abbi E. , Sierra Potchanant Elizabeth A. , Mang Henry , Hickey Brooke E. , Lu Qingbo , Qian Shaomin , Bessler Waylan , Li Xiaohong , Jiang Li , Brewster Kylee , Temm Constance , Horvai Andrew , Albright Eric A. , Fishel Melissa L. , Pratilas Christine A. , Angus Steven P. , Clapp D. Wade , Rhodes Steven D.
Published: March 2024

Subject demographics and clinical characteristics
Supplementary Table S10 from Spatial Gene-Expression Profiling Unveils Immuno-oncogenic Programs of NF1-Associated Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Progression
Authors: Mitchell Dana K. , Burgess Breanne , White Emily E. , Smith Abbi E. , Sierra Potchanant Elizabeth A. , Mang Henry , Hickey Brooke E. , Lu Qingbo , Qian Shaomin , Bessler Waylan , Li Xiaohong , Jiang Li , Brewster Kylee , Temm Constance , Horvai Andrew , Albright Eric A. , Fishel Melissa L. , Pratilas Christine A. , Angus Steven P. , Clapp D. Wade , Rhodes Steven D.
Published: March 2024

Sample metadata.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Spatial Gene-Expression Profiling Unveils Immuno-oncogenic Programs of NF1-Associated Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Progression
Authors: Mitchell Dana K. , Burgess Breanne , White Emily E. , Smith Abbi E. , Sierra Potchanant Elizabeth A. , Mang Henry , Hickey Brooke E. , Lu Qingbo , Qian Shaomin , Bessler Waylan , Li Xiaohong , Jiang Li , Brewster Kylee , Temm Constance , Horvai Andrew , Albright Eric A. , Fishel Melissa L. , Pratilas Christine A. , Angus Steven P. , Clapp D. Wade , Rhodes Steven D.
Published: March 2024

Supplemental Figure 2. H3K27me3 immunohistochemical staining of MPNSTs.
Table S28 from CD46-Targeted Theranostics for PET and 225Ac-Radiopharmaceutical Therapy of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Wadhwa Anju , Wang Sinan , Patiño-Escobar Bonell , Bidkar Anil P. , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Chan Emily , Meher Niranjan , Bidlingmaier Scott , Su Yang , Dhrona Suchi , Geng Huimin , Sarin Vishesh , VanBrocklin Henry F. , Wilson David M. , He Jiang , Zhang Li , Steri Veronica , Wong Sandy W. , Martin Thomas G. , Seo Youngho , Liu Bin , Wiita Arun P. , Flavell Robert R.
Published: March 2024

Table S28: [18F]-FDG %IA/Organ in the MM.1S systemic tumor model.