bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asthma Prevalence in Rio de Janeiro City
Authors: Galvão Márcia , Santos Marilene , Carvalho Francisco , Martins Henrique , Sampaio Jade , Barbosa Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Introdução: A asma é a doença crônica mais comum na infância. No Brasil a prevalência da asma ativa é elevada. Entretanto, sabe-se que num mesmo país essa prevalência pode variar. Objetivos: Descrever na amostra a prevalência de: asma, asma ativa, asma diagnosticada por médico, tosse noturna, tosse por mais de 10 dias após infecção respiratória, manifestações respiratórias ao esforço físico. Metodologia: estudo transversal, prospectivo, em uma amostra de conveniência de uma população pediátrica atendida na Clínica da Família Souza Marques, no Rio de Janeiro, utilizando-se um questionário simplificado. Resultados: 34,3% (70/204) tinham asma ativa; 30,4% (62/204) já havia recebido diagnóstico de asma. Dentre os com asma ativa, 40% (28/70) nunca tinham recebido esse diagnóstico. 46% (95/204) tiveram despertar noturno nos últimos 12 meses, 30,4% (62/204) tiveram outras manifestações respiratórias ao esforço nos últimos 12 meses e 27% (55/204) tossiram mais de 10 dias ao se resfriaram nos últimos 12 meses. Dentre os com asma ativa, 85,7% (60/70) tiveram despertar noturno nos últimos 12 meses, 64,3% (45/70) tiveram outras manifestações respiratórias ao esforço nos últimos 12 meses e 54,3% (38/70) tossiram mais de 10 dias ao se resfriaram. Conclusão: a asma é altamente prevalente na população avaliada. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para aprofundar o estudo sobre a valorização dos sintomas respiratórios, a comunicação do diagnóstico aos responsáveis e para confirmarmos a necessidade de se aprimorar o reconhecimento clínico, o acesso aos testes diagnósticos quando indicado e a comunicação dos diagnósticos às famílias.
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Authors: Kaudern Walter
Published: December 2024

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BAB III. MASYARAKAT DAN HUKUM
Authors: Kruyt Albert C.
Published: December 2024

1. Kedudukan sosial dalam masyarakat Toraja. 2. Kaum bangsawan. 3. Penghormatan kaum bangsawan. 4. Kekuasaan kaum bangsawan. 5. Kewajiban rakyat terhadap kaum bangsawan. 6. Orang-orang biasa. 7. Bangsawan rakyat. 8. Budak. 9. Jual beli budak. 10. Kedudukan budak terhadap tuannya. 11. Hak seorang budak. 12. Pernikahan antar orang yang berbeda pingkatan. 13. Pernikahan seorang budak dengan gadis bangsawan. 14. Memberikan keadilan. 15. Denda. 16. Sidang pencurian.17. Pencurian beras. 18. Perlindungan terhadap dan deteksi pencurian. 19. Pengadilan terhadap tindakan melukai, membunuh dan membakar. 20. “Menutupi kasus” dengan tanah. 21. Mengutuk diri sendiri dan bersumpah. 22. Penolakan persahabatan dan memutuskan hubungan persaudaraan. 23. Membatalkan penolakan. 24. Melakukan penghakiman kedewaan. 25. Penghakiman kedewaan dengan ayam betina. 26. Menyelam dan mengebor tanah sebagai penghakiman kedewaan. 27. Cara-cara lain untuk melakukan penghakiman kedewaan. 28. Hukum Hutang.
Daftar Isi
Authors: Kaudern Walter
Published: December 2024

4. Migrasi rakyat.
5. Budaya batu kuno 
6. Di Bala Keselamatan di Sulawesi Tengah 
7. Kami menuju ke timur 
8. Ondae 
9. Melalui Mori ke Kolonodale 
10. Luwuk 
11. Lamala 
12. Loinang 
13. Loinang. Kelanjutan. 
14. Kepulauan Banggai 
15. Buton
BAB XIII. ANAK
Authors: Kruyt Albert C.
Published: December 2024

1. Penggunaan buaian. 2. Lagu pengantar tidur. 3. Menyusui. 4. Membeli ASI. 5. Penggunaan ibu susu. 6. Menyapih anak. 7. Sang ibu turun dari rumah. 8. Ibu dan anak turun di Tawailia dan Napu. 9. Ibu dan anak di Besoa. 10. Ibu dan anak di Bada'. 11. Buriro (Bada' Buriro'). 12. Anak dibawa turun ke bawah (kelompok Kaili dan Sigi). 13. Ibu dan anak dalam kelompok Pakawa. 14. Pada kelompok Kulawi. 15. Pada kelompok Koro. 16. Saat anak menyeberangi sungai. 17. Berkunjung bersama bayi. 18. Hadiah dari ayah kepada mertuanya untuk anak pertamanya. 19. Motinuwui untuk anak. 20. Meawoloi di Bada' dan Besoa. 21. Rabonto'oni di Rampi. 22. Mopahiwu di kalangan suku Koro dan Kulawi. 23. Pengorbanan anjing untuk bayi yang baru lahir, mebau. 24. Bayi menangis terus menerus. 25. Arti bintik-bintik pada kulit anak. 26. Makna ciri-ciri tubuh lainnya. 27. Pemberian nama. 28. Mengganti nama. 29. Mengadopsi anak. 30. Usia anak. 31. Tumbuh gigi. 32. Pergantian gigi. 33. Rambut dan kuku anak dipotong untuk pertama kalinya. 34. Apa yang terjadi pada rambut (kuku) yang dipotong? 35. Sunat dan asal usulnya. 36. Sunat pertama atau sunat pura-pura pada beberapa kelompok. 37. Perayaan untuk anak perempuan. 38. Sunat di antara suku-suku pegunungan. 39. Operator dan upahnya. 40. Operasi. 41. Pengaruh wanita terhadap sunat. 42. Setelah sunat. 43. Tujuan sunat. 44. Menusuk daun telinga. 45. Membakar lengan. 46. Mutilasi gigi. 47. Operasi dan operatornya. 48. Setelah operasi. Gigi dihitamkan. 49. Asal usul pemotongan gigi. 50. Sebab-sebab pemotongan gigi. 51. Permainan anak- anak.
Daftar Isi
Authors: LOBO  , Coté Joost , Adriani Nicolaus
Published: December 2024

Daftar Isi
Bab XXI: Kerajinan tangan
Authors: Kruyt Albert
Published: December 2024

1. Mempersiapkan bahan pakaian dari kulit kayu. 2. Pengolahan kulit kayu. 3. Alat pemukulan. 4. Memukuli kulit kayu. 5. Penyelesaian fuya. 6. Melukis fuya. 7. Anyaman (moena, mancua). 8. Anyaman dengan potongan daun dan tangkai tanaman. 9. Bambu dan rotan sebagai bahan anyaman. 10. Pola anyaman dan gambar anyaman. 11. Rotan sebagai bahan anyaman. 12. Bahan anyaman lainnya. 13. Keranjang dari pelepah dahan sagu. 14. Tembikar sebagai kerajinan tangan. 15. Membentuk dan membakar pot. 16. Pelantikan panci masak. 17. Gerabah buatan Toraja. 18. Pembuatan garam oleh orang Toraja. 19. Menguapnya air laut. 20. Garam asli. 21. Persiapan gula. Perapian (balombo). 22. Sari aren dan pengentalnya. 23. Gula Aren. 24. Menempa besi. Menggali bijih. 25. Pandai besi dan Bengkel. 26. Tungku, Ububan, Landasan dan Peralatan lainnya. 27. Barang besi Toraja. 28. Pesta di bengkel (mopatawi). 29. Penggunaan besi secara ajaib. 30. Pengecoran tembaga. 31. Pembuatan perahu
Sosialisasi Pembuatan POC dari Limbah Buah-Buahan dan Aplikasinya di Nagari IV Koto Pulau Punjung, Dharmasraya
Authors: Sari Wulan Kumala , Rafki Muhammad , Fathurahma Cesa Ardi , Manggus Tasya Regina , Afiratusabilla Annisa , Rangkuti Nilmala Sari , Amnurista Rhadhol Pria , Saputra Aldo
Published: December 2024

Limbah buah-buahan biasanya dibuang secara open dumping tanpa pengolahan lebih lanjut sehingga memunculkan berbagai masalah, seperti menjadi sumber penyakit, serta menyebabkan polusi air dan udara. Di sisi lain, adanya keluhan dari Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) di Nagari IV Koto Pulau Punjung tentang kurangnya kesuburan tanah sehingga tanaman sayuran dan palawija yang mereka tanam tidak tumbuh dengan optimal. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengedukasi KWT dan masyarakat di Nagari lV Koto Pulau Punjung tentang pemanfaatan limbah buah-buahan sebagai bahan dasar dalam pembuatan Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) yang dapat menyuburkan tanah dan tanaman. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Jorong Tanjung Limau, Nagari IV Koto Pulau Punjung, Kecamatan Pulau Punjung, Kabupaten Dharmasraya dengan sasarannya yaitu KWT dan masyarakat di nagari tersebut. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan berupa ceramah, diskusi, praktek pembuatan POC dari limbah buah-buahan, dan pengaplikasiannya pada tanaman sayuran yang ditanam oleh KWT. Mahasiswa yang terlibat adalah sebanyak tujuh orang. Adanya forum tanya jawab (diskusi) pada kegiatan ini membuat masyarakat lebih tertarik menyampaikan permasalahan yang mereka hadapi. Setelah sosialisasi dilakukan, masyarakat diajak untuk turut serta dalam pembuatan POC dari limbah buah-buahan, kemudian juga ikut turun langsung ke lapangan untuk mempraktikkan cara pengaplikasian POC yang telah siap pakai ke tanaman yang mereka tanam. Penyuluhan tentang pembuatan dan pengaplikasian POC dari limbah buah-buahan berjalan lancar dengan tersampaikannya informasi kepada pihak sasaran kegiatan. Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui kegiatan ini telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan limbah buah-buahan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan POC dan pengaplikasinnya sehingga dapat menyuburkan tanah dan tanaman.
Sosialisasi Inovasi Insektisida Botani Menggunakan Teknologi Nanobubbles Sebagai Pengendali Hama Tanaman Hortikultura
Authors: Tama Duma Putri , Zahra Varella , Ikhsan Zahlul , Najmi Lailatun , Nelly Novri , Lina Eka Candra
Published: December 2024

Pertanian modern saat ini dihadapkan pada berbagai tantangan yang memerlukan solusi inovatif dan berkelanjutan. Nanobubbles, sebagai partikel berukuran nano yang terperangkap dalam cairan, menawarkan potensi unik dalam pengembangan insektisida Nabati. Tujuan dilaksanakannya kegiatan pengabdian untuk meningkatkan pemahaman petani hortikultura khusnya daerah Solok, Sumatera Barat mengenai penggunaan insektisida botani berbahan aktif Tephrosia vogelii yang dipadukan dengan teknologi nanobubbles sebagai metode pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Sosialisasi dilaksanakan dengan metode ceramah atau persentasi berupa pemberian materi terkait inovasi dan pemaparan hasil penelitian yang telah berhasil dilakukan. Disamping itu juga dilakukan demonstrasi lapangan, dan diskusi interaktif. Hasil kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan petani dalam memanfaatkan insektisida berbasis botani dengan efisiensi lebih tinggi. Implementasi teknologi nanobubbles dalam inovasi terbukti meningkatkan penetrasi dan distribusi bahan aktif sehingga efektivitas pengendalian hama menjadi lebih optimal.
Adaptation and validation of the Extremism and Pro-violence and illegal acts Scales for adolescents in Spain
Authors: Villegas Lirola Francisco , Rodríguez Martínez Pilar
Published: December 2024

Introduction.  Extremism and justifying of violent and illegal acts among young people is one of the major concerns of democratic societies. We found no instrument measuring violent extremism among youth in Spain. The purpose of this study is to validate and assess the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the scales of extremism and the use of violence and illegal acts (Ozer & Bertelsen, 2018).
Method.  A sample of 1135 secondary school students was used to validate both scales. Subsequently, a Social Extremism Index and a Justification of Violence and Illegality Index were developed to identify patterns of violent extremism risk.
Results.  The construct validity of the two scales was tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA): Extremism Scale (CFI: .934, TLI: .919, NFI: .918, RMSEA: .050) and Pro-violence, and Illegal Acts in Relation to Extremism Scale (CFI: .990, TLI: .985, NFI: .990, RMSEA: .050). The scale of pro-violence and illegal acts in relation to extremism has been changed. After verifying the good fit of the revised scales (CFA, reliability analysis, and factorial invariance analysis), social extremism index and justification of violent illegal acts were calculated based on their direct and centile scores. The usefulness of the scales was confirmed by the characterization of the sample analyzed, which revealed that 15.59% (177) of the participants exhibited high or very high levels of violent extremism.
Discussion and conclusion.  The Spanish adaptation of the scale proposed by Ozer and Bertelson (2018) is useful for identifying the risk profile of social-extremism and the degree of justification of violent-illegal acts among young Spanish secondary school students.
El uso de los apéndices interrogativos de control de contacto varía en el habla de Madrid, ¿eh?, y ha variado, ¿sabes? Un estudio sociolingüístico en tiempo real
Authors: Cestero Mancera Ana María
Published: December 2024

¿No?, ¿eh?, ¿sabes? or ¿verdad? and ¿comprendes?, ¿entiendes?, ¿de acuerdo?, ¿hm? or ¿ves? are interrogative appendices used to fulfill the phatic function of communication, which serves to control the ongoing participation of interlocutors in the communicative activity. It has been observed that such resources are multifunctional and are used, therefore, with certain added values, besides being considered, in some cases, as sociolinguistic markers. With the aim of advancing knowledge of the use and functioning of these discursive elements, we are conducting research, within the Project for the Sociolinguistic Study of Spanish from Spain and America (PRESEEA), which has allowed us to document socio and geolectal patterns. We now present the results of a real-time study, which reveal movements occurring in the speech of Madrid in the last decades of the 20th century and the first of the 21st, projecting possible ongoing changes, as well as socio-pragmatic patterns of interest.
A Lexical Pragmatic Analysis of Quranic ‘Rain’ and ‘Clouds’ Concepts
Authors: Mohammed Maha Bakir , Ali Maysoon Kadhim
Published: December 2024

This study deals with lexical pragmatic perspective not only due to its new birth but also for being a bridge that links two vivid linguistic fields that are pragmatics and semantics. On one hand, pragmatics tackles speech elements and speaker’s disclosed meaning. On the other hand, semantics is framed as the components of conceptual structure that can be represented in a certain proposition. Jackendoff (1990) comes with the concept that pragmatics and semantics, respectively, investigate how the meaning is constructed in a text regarding the speaker’s attention and the inherent meaning of words and phrases. This study examines the workability of lexical pragmatic analysis in analyzing certain Quranic lexemes concerning clouds and rain. It attempts to apply the four-leveled lexical pragmatic mutual adjustment method of analysis to selected Quranic verses highlighting both lexical and adjusted meanings of the words ‘clouds’ and ‘rain’ in the verses in question. It sums up to prove the applicability of the adopted model of analysis to the selected genre. Adjusted meaning can be interpreted either by specifying or generalizing it to fit its context.
Operationalization of the theory of forecasting default: a conceptual model
Authors: Makarov Il'ya  Mihailovich
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is models that assess the risk of a company's default and, conversely, its financial health. The article forms a clear conceptual understanding of the phenomenon of "default", which causes financial difficulties for the company: how they begin, develop and escalate to analyze and predict the borrower's future poor performance and assess the possibility (risk) of his inability to meet his obligations on time. The main objective of the study is to develop a model for quantifying the probability of default within a consistent probabilistic framework (Bayes model), where the factors of idiosyncratic risk — assessed using soft information and human skills — are fundamental to understanding. The financial health of a company depends on maintaining a balance between its demand for credit and supply in the credit market.    The main contribution of this research is to develop a theory of the financial health of a company based on maintaining equilibrium in financial systems characterized by the long-term effect of manipulating expectations in dynamic agency settings with training and uncertainty, as well as with interdependent remuneration systems of principals and agents. Within the framework of an agreed probabilistic structure — the Bayesian interpretation — the second contribution is the development of a model capable of calculating the probability of default and setting ranges of equilibrium interest rates, within which the contractual powers and competitive forces of operators find common ground depending on the predictable performance of the company (variability of cash flow factors), changes in its financial structure (leverage intensity, the structure of debt repayment periods) and predictable trends in credit supply conditions (rate curves, competition, availability of information, analytical tools, etc.) Credit risk measurement tools and the operators who use them must take a step back in order to move forward, mastering the technical aspects of fundamental analysis over and over again.
Work with party personnel in the second half of the 1980s (based on the materials of the Penza region)
Authors: Koroleva Larisa
Published: December 2024

The subject of the study is the system of training party personnel in the Penza organization of the CPSU. A brief overview of domestic and foreign historiography on the issue under study is given. The author's special attention is drawn to the fact that in order to successfully solve the tasks of "perestroika" to improve the socialist state, new knowledge and skills were required from party workers to work effectively in conditions of democratization of Soviet society and glasnost while maintaining control from party organizations. Whereas the majority of Soviet party leaders continued to act with the usual "stagnant" methods, which did not correspond not only to the appeals proclaimed from the rostrums of party forums (for example, the January 1987 plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the XIX All-Union Party Conference), but also did not meet the demands of workers on the ground. The study was conducted on the basis of generalization and analysis of materials from the State Archive of the Penza region – funds of the Penza Regional Committee of the CPSU, the Kuznetsk City Party Committee). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the reasons and prerequisites for changing the personnel policy of the CPSU at the regional level are considered – on the example of the Penza region. Innovative forms are being introduced into political practice: the election of senior staff on a competitive basis, discussion of candidates in grassroots collectives, changes in the principles of forming a personnel reserve, etc. The development of the system of training and advanced training of Soviet party workers (courses, universities of the appropriate profile, reserve schools, conferences, etc.) continued. Nevertheless, the sociological 1989 survey in Kuznetsk showed the obvious dissatisfaction of ordinary citizens with the processes of democratization and glasnost in the region, the inability of the Kuznetsk Party organization to lead the necessary renewal of party life and the socio-economic situation at that time.
Intertextual frames: features and types of intertextual frames (on the material of fictional texts)
Authors: Bozorova Dilshoda Tulkin kizi
Published: December 2024

Since its initial conceptualisation, the term 'intertextuality' has been the subject of considerable discussion and analysis. However, there are several aspects of intertextuality that have yet to be extensively examined. This study is devoted to the examination of intertextual frames, which represent a significant yet understudied area within the field of intertextuality. The focus of this research is an investigation into the distinctive characteristics of intertextual frames, conducted through a frame analysis of literary works. The principal objective of this study is to provide substantiation for the characteristics of intertextual frames and their diverse manifestations. The dearth of research on this topic not only underscores its significance but also constrains the number of studies that can serve as a foundation for further investigation. This paper draws upon the study conducted by M. E. Panagiotidou as a primary source. It is important to note, however, that the methodology employed in this study differs significantly from that used in the seminal study. Moreover, this study can be divided into two distinct parts: theoretical and practical. In addition to the theoretical information pertaining to the utilisation of the term, the paper presents an analysis of the potential intertextual frames that may exist for the Russian poet S. A. Yesenin's poem, 'A Letter to Sister'. This study diverges from existing research in that it investigates the potential for intertextual frames to emerge between a native speaker and a non-native language user. Furthermore, the originality of the study is underscored by an investigation of the diverse attributes that shape the formation of intertextual frames. The findings have implications for a multitude of academic disciplines, including linguistics, comparative linguistics, translation studies, text linguistics, and cognitive linguistics. It is anticipated that this study will pave the way for further research on this topic.
Linguistic inclusivity in the context of the Ecuadorian national version of the Spanish language
Authors: Demianova Polina Ivanovna
Published: December 2024

The object of this study is linguistic inclusivity in the Ecuadorian national version of the Spanish language. The subject of the study is the language practices used in the Republic of Ecuador, aimed at creating a greater level of gender inclusivity. The paper examines the influence of a number of sociolinguistic factors on language policy, as well as methods of adapting the local national version of the Spanish language, taking into account the requirements of different social groups. Special attention is paid to the study of existing forms of gender-inclusive language, such as the use of neutral endings and neologisms, as well as their perception and dissemination by the local population. In order to achieve the highest possible level of objectivity, a sociological survey was conducted within the framework of the study, which made it possible to identify differences between men and women in understanding and using an inclusive language. The following research methods were used: a sociological survey, the purpose of which was to collect data on the perception of gender inclusivity in the language among different groups of the Ecuadorian population; quantitative and qualitative methods that made it possible to interpret respondents' opinions about the importance and prevalence of inclusive language in the daily life of Ecuadorians. The results of the study clearly demonstrate the importance of the dissemination of gender-inclusive language in Ecuador due to its role in the process of achieving social equality. The novelty of the work is the sociolinguistic analysis of linguistic inclusivity in Ecuadorian Spanish. The conducted survey of the local population of the Republic showed significant differences in attitudes towards inclusive language between men and women. This fact indicates that the policy of establishing maximum inclusivity in society at the moment has not led to the complete elimination of gender inequality. Thus, the need to continue work on the introduction of gender-neutral forms in the educational environment and everyday communication is emphasized, which will contribute not only to the establishment of gender equality, but also to strengthening social solidarity in Ecuadorian society.
The specifics of media consumption of political information by students: a regional aspect (based on the results of a sociological study)
Authors: Morozova Galina Viktorovna , Nikitina Tat'yana Igorevna , Nikitin Aleksei Aleksandrovich , Yakupov Bulat Il'darovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of a sociological study conducted by a survey in the period from March 2022 to March 2024 by the Department of Public Relations and Applied Political Science of Kazan Federal University in order to identify the level of student interest in politics, youth preferences regarding the choice of sources of political news in the QMS, including in the media, and trust in them. Thus, based on the purpose of the study, its object is the student youth, and the subject is the specifics of the media consumption of political information by the student youth. The data obtained from the study of students' requests for the consumption of political content, its impact on the attitude of young students to politics and the institution of elections in the context of digitalization of everyday media practices are described. The methodological basis of the research was based on the analysis of media consumption by young people, as well as the level of interest in political information, its sources, and forms of presentation in social networks. The empirical base is the data from a survey of KFU students in the period from March 2022 to March 2024. The increasing influence of media systems, digital industries and technologies on all processes taking place in society has actualized the problem of optimizing interaction in the communication space in all its segments, including in the field of politics, in the processes of legitimization of power. The formation of a model of interaction between the younger generation and the government, its communication with the political elite and public administration institutions is particularly difficult. This problem is connected, on the one hand, with the high integration of young people into the digital environment, the mediatized format of socialization, and the growing multi-level demand of the younger generation for social media. On the other hand, the difficulty of establishing communication between young citizens and the authorities is due to their certain detachment from the world of politics. The results obtained indicate a low level of interest among young people in it, which is largely situational in nature, usually associated with some major events. In general, a rather low social and political activity of the new generation has been revealed, which is also recorded by numerous other researchers, since there is undoubtedly a potential interest of the younger generation in politics.
Design and Optimization of a Piecewise Flight Controller for VTOL UAVs
Authors: Su Shanfei , Yu Peng , Wang Hao , Shan Xiaowen
Published: December 2024

The dynamic systems of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are susceptible to parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and external vibrational disturbances during motion control. Although proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in UAVs, the manual tuning process is time-consuming, and the resultant control performance is vulnerable to uncertainties in varying flight conditions, leading to suboptimal flight control throughout the entire hovering flight envelope. To address this issue, the present study designs and optimizes a novel piecewise flight controller based on a hybrid data-driven approach combining gradient-based methods and pattern search algorithms. The optimization process is validated through comprehensive flight testing, comparing the piecewise controller with the baseline controller across a wide range of flight conditions. The study examines the objective functions and design parameters, demonstrating the robustness of the optimized piecewise controller in the presence of disturbances. The results reveal significant variations in the system model under different flight conditions, and the piecewise optimized controller demonstrates a response that is more than twice as fast as the benchmark, with acceptable overshoots and steady-state errors under the predefined trajectories. The salient features of the proposed piecewise flight controller and design optimization process are verified through flight testing, which is expected to provide a framework for future UAV flight control designs.
High-Lift Enhancement of an Airfoil Using Arrays of Discrete Wall Jets
Authors: DeSalvo Michael , Woszidlo Rene , Whalen Ed , Glezer Ari
Published: December 2024

The circulation of a high-lift airfoil is enhanced using a spanwise array of fluidically oscillating wall jets to engender a Coanda-like effect on the suction surface near the cove between the flap and the main element. The actuation jets manipulate the interaction between the main element boundary layer and the cove jet to overcome flow separation over the flap and yield high-lift performance that is comparable to or better than conventional high-lift airfoils. The fluidic actuation enables effective operation at larger flap deflections while diminishing the sensitivity to cove characteristics. The performance of the actuator array varies with both the jet momentum coefficient and the spanwise periodic jet spacing. It is shown that the lift increment per jet, which for a sufficiently sparse jet array is invariant with jet spacing, diminishes as jet spacing is reduced due to spanwise jet interactions. Accordingly, the overall lift increment scales with the number of active jets and jet density, and a characteristic spanwise jet spacing is identified for optimal performance.
Turbulent Accelerating Combusting Flows with Methane-Vitiated Air Flamelet Model
Authors: Walsh Sylvain L. , Zhan Lei , Mehring Carsten , Liu Feng , Sirignano William A.
Published: December 2024

This work presents a numerical study of a diffusion flame in a reacting, two-dimensional, turbulent, viscous, multicomponent, compressible mixing layer subject to a large favorable streamwise pressure gradient. The boundary-layer equations are solved coupled with both the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] and shear-stress transport turbulence models. A compressible extension of the flamelet progress variable method has been proposed and tested for use with large-eddy simulations or Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes analyses of the burning of methane in pure air and vitiated air; the latter being particularly relevant in turbine burner scenarios. Effects of the level of detail of the reaction mechanism on the subgrid- and resolved-scale computations are studied. A comparison is made with results obtained using a simplified one-step reaction. The numerical results employing the flamelet model with the more detailed reaction mechanism show faster chemistry, significantly reduced peak temperatures, and stronger sensitivity to pressure. Vitiated air flames are found to be dominated by unstable solutions, resulting in a weak flame with substantially lower peak temperature and impeded development, struggling to persist without quenching.
Volumetric and Entropic Sound Sources of Helmholtz Resonators with Different Temperatures
Authors: Gan Zhenpeng , Yang Dong
Published: December 2024

This study proposes an acoustic analogy model for the Helmholtz resonator (HR)–combustor system, considering the temperature difference between the bias flow from the HR and the grazing flow inside the combustor duct. The model highlights how the mass flux of the bias flow and the temperature difference serve as mass and entropic sound sources, respectively, influencing the HR’s sound absorption performance. To validate the model, we conducted numerical simulations using the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes shear stress transport model to obtain the mean flow, followed by solving the frequency-domain linearized Navier–Stokes equations in COMSOL. The model was tested with HRs attached to combustor ducts under open–open and open–closed boundary conditions. Theoretical results agree well with numerical simulations, confirming the model’s accuracy. Results indicate that when the bias flow temperature is lower than the grazing flow temperature, the entropic sound source negatively affects duct acoustics, reducing sound absorption performance. Conversely, higher bias flow temperatures enhance sound absorption by superimposing entropic and mass-related sound sources. Additionally, the overall effect of the mass-related and entropic sound sources is equal to a volumetric source which depends on the mean sound speed and density of the HR instead of those of the combustor.
Structure and Dynamics of Bleed-Controlled Impinging Shock/Turbulent-Boundary-Layer Interactions
Authors: Schwartz Matthew J. , Slater John W. , Gaitonde Datta V.
Published: December 2024

Porous boundary-layer bleed alleviates the detrimental effects of shock/turbulent-boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs) in high-speed vehicles. However, many underlying mechanisms through which bleed influences SBLI dynamics remain poorly understood, including unsteady separation mitigation, effects on low-frequency spectra, and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) modulation. Proper resolution of the dynamics of these phenomena motivates the use of wall-resolved large-eddy simulations. The configuration is based on experiments at Mach 2.5 and a momentum-thickness Reynolds number of 2800, on which a shock of flow-deflection angle of 8 deg impinges. Porous bleed patches are considered with resolution of the flow structure in individual holes. Two different suction strengths are examined, denoted “half-” and “full-bleed” cases based on the sonic mass flow coefficient. Although both bleed cases localize and reduce the mean reversed flow region, only the full-bleed case successfully reduces unsteadiness, TKE, wall-pressure loading, and overall distortion due to the SBLIs. These distinctions are reflected in various local and global effects of bleed, which are examined with three-dimensional modal analysis. Among the key findings is energy shifting from the low-frequency separation behavior to a higher-frequency signature, which modulates the bleed-associated shocks and expansions. Overall, the study highlights the complex interactions between individual bleed-hole flow structures that cumulatively yield the observed overall effects, which are important in optimizing bleed systems for various design objectives.
Bulk Viscosity Effects in Hypersonic Near-Continuum Flow
Authors: Tu Qirong , Xiang Gaoxiang , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: December 2024

In hypersonic near-continuum flows involving diatomic gases, the influence of bulk viscosity (BV) is substantial. This study presents the development and comparative analysis of diverse BV models tailored for calorically complete, thermally complete, and thermally nonequilibrium gas models integrated within the classical Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations. The models exhibited a strong correspondence with the experimental data and other computational results. The effects of BV on the shock structure and flowfield characteristics were studied in detail. The analysis revealed that, in the context of the nitrogen shock structure, the inclusion of BV in the Navier–Stokes (NS) equations leads to density profiles and shock thickness predictions that align more closely with experimental observations and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that accounting for vibrational excitation in thermally complete gases yields superior results compared to calorically complete gases in terms of shock structure representation. In the case of hypersonic diatomic flow around a cylinder within near-continuum conditions, not only does slip boundary play a role, but the consideration of BV is also crucial for accurately estimating the wall heat flux, frictional resistance, and spatial flowfield distributions, all of which closely resemble the DSMC results. Ultimately, the study concludes that BV expands the applicability of conventional NS equations to a broader range of Knudsen numbers, primarily because of the enhanced capacity of BV to capture nonequilibrium phenomena at the shock interface.
Shock Oscillation Mechanism of Highly Separated Transitional Shock-Wave/Boundary-Layer Interactions
Authors: Nel Philipp L. , Schreyer Anne-Marie , Schrijer Ferry F. J. , van Oudheusden Bas W. , Janke Christian , Vasilopoulos Ilias , Swoboda Marius
Published: December 2024

Reynolds numbers at cruise altitude can be such that a laminar boundary layer persists on the suction side of a transonic fan blade up to the shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SBLI). In a transitional SBLI which exhibits sufficiently large shock-induced separation, a shock oscillation mechanism characterized by growth and natural suppression of the upstream laminar section of the separation bubble occurs. To validate the shock oscillation mechanism observed in large eddy simulations (LES), the shock oscillation mechanism is studied experimentally using high-speed Schlieren and spark-light shadowgraphy. A characteristic length based on the distance of laminar separation shock travel is proposed. Strouhal numbers from LES and the experiment collapse at around 0.075. A strong dependency of the oscillation mechanism on free-stream turbulence and boundary-layer state is shown. Dominant oscillation frequencies are an order of magnitude lower for the turbulent interaction as opposed to the laminar case. For the laminar case, dynamic mode decomposition showed a strong relationship of the laminar separation shock with the separation bubble and reflected shock movement. The turbulent interaction shows a significantly lower reflected shock travel distance. The findings experimentally confirm that stabilization of the shock is achieved by tripping the boundary layer.
Reconstructing Attractors of a Conceptual Airfoil System via Next Generation Reservoir Computing
Authors: Liu Qi , Nakao Hiroya , Wang Xiaolong , Li Guangning , Liu Xiaochuan , Xu Yong
Published: December 2024

Reconstructing attractors of airfoil systems from observations facilitates understanding of aeroelasticity, especially the onset of flutter. However, it is generally difficult due to observation noise and the nonlinear nature of the underlying dynamics. In this study, a hybrid strategy is proposed which incorporates data preprocessing and next generation reservoir computing (NG-RC) for reconstructing attractors of an airfoil system. This approach first estimates the system states from noisy observations via a state estimation method and then trains the NG-RC model to predict the responses of the airfoil system. The NG-RC employs nonlinear functions of past states to approximate the dynamics, requiring less training data and fewer hyperparameters than the conventional reservoir computing. To reduce the model complexity, both [Formula: see text] and smoothed [Formula: see text] norm penalties are introduced to promote the sparsity of trainable weights, where the optimal weights are determined by simple iterative optimization. Simulation results show that the proposed method can predict various vibration patterns and reconstruct the attractors of the airfoil system from limited, noisy observations. The smoothed [Formula: see text] norm penalty can lead to sparser weights and, in some cases, enhance performance. The findings support applications of the present method like flutter boundary prediction and flight accident analysis.
Experimental Investigation of a Small Drone Propeller Aerodynamics in Forward Flight
Authors: Grava Alessandro , Jacopo Serpieri , Gaetano Iuso , Luis Bernardos , Gioacchino Cafiero
Published: December 2024

The aerodynamic performance of small drones is difficult to predict. Their small-scale propellers operate in a challenging fluid dynamics regime characterized by low Reynolds numbers, where complex transitional phenomena usually occur around the blades’ surface. In the present work, an experimental campaign is carried out on a small isolated propeller in forward flight conditions. The main scope is to investigate how the performance and the induced flowfield are affected by the presence of a crossflow, which can be representative of the forward flight condition for a typical drone’s propeller. As the crossflow velocity is incremented, considerable increases in thrust and power are measured. The resulting experimental loads are compared with semi-empirical laws derived from the momentum and blade element momentum theories. These laws have found extensive use in the preliminary design of helicopters and are also found applicable to the hereby investigated propeller with appropriate tunings. Furthermore, an analysis of the propeller’s wake is conducted via planar particle image velocimetry. Significant differences in terms of flow topology and flowfield statistics are deducted with respect to the hovering condition. Ultimately, the vortices shed from the propeller’s blades are identified and characterized, and a focus is posed on the vortices’ trajectory and circulation. With respect to the hovering condition, the strongest vortical structures are advected in more confined trajectories, while the weakest structures are instead broken down under the effect of the crossflow.
MATH SOFTWARE FOR OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM OF MULTI-PERIOD MIXING SEQUENCES FOR REFINERY OPERATING PLAN DEVELOPING
Authors: ZAVODOV V.V. , SAVELYEV M.Y. , ZYKINA A.V.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this work is to use mathematical modeling methods and develop software for optimizing a pre-calculated operating plan in order to minimize the deviation in the production of components of mixing sequences from the integrated values of the refinery schedule.
Recurrence of acne after treatment with systemic isotretinoin: causes and methods of prevention
Authors: Tlish Marina M. , Shavilova Marina E.
Published: December 2024

Isotretinoin is an effective drug for the treatment of patients with severe forms of acne, which has been proven in a large number of studies and is enshrined in the clinical recommendations of dermatological communities in various countries. Despite this, the multifactorial etiology and complex pathophysiological processes of acne development determine the risk of relapse of the disease. Determining prognostic factors for exacerbation of acne after isotretinoin therapy is a significant problem that has been actively discussed in scientific publications in recent years. The article focuses on the fact that the effectiveness of isotretinoin in patients with acne depends both on a competent treatment strategy and on the characteristics of the course of the disease (genetic burden, comorbid pathology), which are individual for each patient. An analysis of our own clinical observations of patients with acne, in whom relapses of the disease were the result of either an incorrect dosage regimen of the drug, or the lack of correction of concomitant pathology, or an early onset and initially severe course of dermatosis, is provided. It is noted that a personalized approach to the management of such patients and the prevention of factors that provoke relapse allow the doctor and patient to form realistic expectations from isotretinoin therapy, increase its effectiveness and reduce the likelihood of disease progression.
Urgensi Pemenuhan Kesejahteraan Hakim Sebagai Upaya Menegakkan Integritas
Authors: Chesaria Anggun Permataningtyas  , Putri Shania Azizah Dinnar  , Ridlo Ifran Addiasar  , Shelma Fatika Candra Kusumaningsih
Published: December 2024

Isu mengenai kesejahteraan hakim yang masih terus diperbincangkan setelah diberlakukannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 94 Tahun 2012 tentang Hak Keuangan dan Fasilitas Hakim yang Berada di bawah Mahkamah Agung menunjukkan adanya permasalahan yang serius dalam pemenuhan kesejahteraan hakim. Sistem pembayaran gaji yang masih menyamakan status hakim dengan Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) dianggap tidak sesuai dengan adanya Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 23 P/HUM/2018 yang menyatakan bahwa sistem tersebut sudah tidak lagi memiliki kekuatan hukum mengikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan ukuran dari pemenuhan kesejahteraan yang diterima oleh hakim dan menganalisis keterkaitan antara kesejahteraan dengan integritas hakim. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis-empiris dengan data primer berupa hasil kuesioner mengenai kesejahteraan hakim di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data bahwa hakim merasa belum mendapatkan kesejahteraan yang ideal dan hal tersebut berpengaruh pada integritas hakim. Peraturan perundang-undangan saat ini yang mengatur mengenai pemenuhan kesejahteraan hakim masih belum bisa memenuhi ekspektasi hakim. Hak hakim atas pemenuhan kesejahteraan yang belum didapatkan akan memengaruhi integritas hakim dalam memutus suatu perkara. Berdasarkan penemuan tersebut, pemenuhan kesejahteraan menjadi hal yang penting karena memiliki peran dalam menegakkan integritas hakim.
A NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS OF LASIOGLOSSUM CURTIS (HYMENOPTERA, HALICTIDAE) FROM AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia, Astafurova Yu. V. , Proshchalykin M. Yu. ,   Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia,   Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050, Russia, Maharramov M. M. ,   Nakhchivan State University, Nakhchivan, AZ 7012, Azerbaijan
Published: December 2024

The data on 42 species of the genus Lasioglossum Curtis, 1833
collected in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan in 2024 are given.
Among them, Lasioglossum nakhchivanicum sp. n. described as new to science,
Lasioglossum daglariense (Warncke, 1984) and L. denislucum (Strand, 1909) are
newly recorded from the Caucasus region and L. duckei (Alfken, 1909) and L.
erraticum (Blüthgen, 1931) are newly recorded from Azerbaijan. Now 106 species
of Lasioglossum are known from this country.
Microbiota intestinal e seu papel na saúde mental
Authors: Pina Thallita Pereira de , Ferreira João Pedro dos Santos , Ferreirra Mariana Balestra de Andrade , Barreto Thiago Carvalho , Lima Júlia Ribeiro e , Leão Alana Queiroz , Silvestre Marcela de Andrade
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de intervenções com probióticos, prebióticos e dieta na melhoria dos sintomas de transtornos mentais, como depressão e ansiedade, e seu impacto na vida dos pacientes. Métodos: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases PubMed, CAPES e BVS, usando os descritores "Mental Disorders", "Gut Microbiota" e "Probiotics" e obtendo o truncamento de pesquisa: (Critical Care) AND (Intensive Care Units) AND (Surgical Procedures, Operative) AND (Patient Monitoring). Foram incluídos 18 artigos dos últimos 5 anos, excluindo-se estudos que não atendiam ao objetivo da pesquisa. Resultados: Evidências sugerem que dietas e probióticos podem influenciar a saúde mental, principalmente pela modulação da microbiota intestinal. Intervenções probióticas mostraram potencial para melhorar sintomas de depressão e ansiedade, reduzindo inflamações e modulando o eixo intestino-cérebro. No entanto, os resultados variam devido a limitações, como a falta de padronização e a curta duração dos estudos. A eficácia é promissora, mas mais pesquisas são necessárias para confirmar efeitos a longo prazo e entender melhor os mecanismos subjacentes. Considerações finais: Probióticos têm potencial terapêutico na saúde mental, especialmente em casos de depressão e ansiedade, ao melhorar a microbiota intestinal e reduzir inflamações. No entanto, são necessárias mais pesquisas para padronizar dosagens e entender lacunas.
Grau de incapacidade física e perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes diagnosticados com hanseníase
Authors: Santos Leticia Ribeiro dos , Silva Lucas Dias , Pires Carla Andrea Avelar
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar o grau de incapacidade física e o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes que receberam diagnóstico de hanseníase no ambulatório de dermatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará (UEPA). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo realizado com prontuários de pacientes diagnosticados com hanseníase no Ambulatório de Dermatologia. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. A amostra foi avaliada por estatística descritiva, considerando medidas de tendência central, variância e frequências absoluta e relativa. Para avaliação categórica dos dados foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado de aderência. Resultados: A amostra foi caracterizada em proporções equitativas para ambos os sexos, faixa etária e ocupação, com média de idade de 48 anos. Ocorreu predomínio de pacientes da Região Metropolitana de Belém. A forma predominante foi a dimorfa (p<0.0001). O grau de incapacidade 0 predominou no pré-tratamento (p<0.0001). Sinais clínicos no momento do diagnóstico incluem placas hipocrômicas ou eritematosas, com presença de infiltração (p<0.0001). Reações hansênicas expressaram-se principalmente como Tipo 1. Conclusão: A predominância do grau de incapacidade 0 é positiva pois as consequências de graus mais elevados são danos psicológicos e limitação funcional. Assim, o diagnóstico precoce é a maior ferramenta para prevenção de incapacidades físicas na população.