bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Basic Life Support. Evidence and knowledge gap analysis with treatment recommendations for small animal CPR
Authors: Hopper Kate , Epstein Steven E. , Burkitt‐Creedon Jamie M. , Fletcher Daniel J. , Boller Manuel , Fausak Erik D. , Mears Kim , Crews Molly ,   the RECOVER Basic Life Support Domain Evidence Evaluators
Published: June 2024

Objective

To systematically review evidence and devise treatment recommendations for basic life support (BLS) in dogs and cats and to identify critical knowledge gaps.

Design

Standardized, systematic evaluation of literature pertinent to BLS following Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Prioritized questions were each reviewed by 2 Evidence Evaluators, and findings were reconciled by BLS Domain Chairs and Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) Co‐Chairs to arrive at treatment recommendations commensurate to quality of evidence, risk to benefit relationship, and clinical feasibility. This process was implemented using an Evidence Profile Worksheet for each question that included an introduction, consensus on science, treatment recommendations, justification for these recommendations, and important knowledge gaps. A draft of these worksheets was distributed to veterinary professionals for comment for 4 weeks prior to finalization.

Setting

Transdisciplinary, international collaboration in university, specialty, and emergency practice.

Results

Twenty questions regarding animal position, chest compression point and technique, ventilation strategies, as well as the duration of CPR cycles and chest compression pauses were examined, and 32 treatment recommendations were formulated. Out of these, 25 addressed chest compressions and 7 informed ventilation during CPR. The recommendations were founded predominantly on very low quality of evidence and expert opinion. These new treatment recommendations continue to emphasize the critical importance of high‐quality, uninterrupted chest compressions, with a modification suggested for the chest compression technique in wide‐chested dogs. When intubation is not possible, bag–mask ventilation using a tight‐fitting facemask with oxygen supplementation is recommended rather than mouth‐to‐nose ventilation.

Conclusions

These updated RECOVER BLS treatment recommendations emphasize continuous chest compressions, conformation‐specific chest compression techniques, and ventilation for all animals. Very low quality of evidence due to absence of clinical data in dogs and cats consistently compromised the certainty of recommendations, emphasizing the need for more veterinary research in this area.
2024 RECOVER Guidelines: Updated treatment recommendations for CPR in dogs and cats
Authors: Burkitt‐Creedon Jamie M. , Boller Manuel , Fletcher Daniel J. , Brainard Benjamin M. , Buckley Gareth J. , Epstein Steven E. , Fausak Erik D. , Hopper Kate , Lane Selena L. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Wolf Jacob
Published: June 2024

Objective

After the 2012 Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) CPR Guidelines, this is an update of evidence‐based consensus guidelines for Basic Life Support (BLS), advanced life support (ALS), and periarrest monitoring.

Design

These RECOVER CPR Guidelines were generated using a modified version of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system for evidence evaluation and translation of this evidence into clear and actionable clinical instructions. Prioritized clinical questions in the Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome (PICO) format were used as the basis to conduct systematic literature searches by information specialists, to extract information from relevant publications, to assess this evidence for quality, and finally to translate the findings into treatment recommendations. These recommendations were reviewed by the RECOVER writing group and opened for comment by veterinary professionals for 4 weeks.

Setting

Transdisciplinary, international collaboration in university, specialty, and emergency practice.

Results

A total of 40 worksheets were prepared to evaluate questions across the 3 domains of BLS, ALS and Monitoring, resulting in 90 individual treatment recommendations. High‐dose epinephrine is no longer recommended, and atropine, if used, is only administered once. Bag–mask ventilation is prioritized over mouth‐to‐nose ventilation in nonintubated animals. In addition, an algorithm for initial assessment, an updated CPR algorithm, a rhythm diagnosis tool, and an updated drug dosing table are provided.

Conclusions

While the majority of the BLS and ALS recommendations remain unchanged, some noteworthy changes were made due to new evidence that emerged over the past 10 years. Indirectness of evidence remains the largest impediment to the certainty of guidelines formulation and underscores an urgent need for more studies in the target species of dogs and cats.
Tibial fracture associated with use of Arthrex self‐tapping screws during tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs and development of transcortical tibial fracture
Authors: Gollnick Hailey R. , McCarthy Jessica , Muir Peter
Published: June 2024

Objective

Medical records for dogs treated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) using Arthrex 3.5 mm self‐tapping screws (STS) were evaluated to determine the incidence rate of transcortical tibial fractures (TCTF) and development of complications.

Study design

Retrospective case report.

Study population

A total of 78 dogs.

Methods

Dogs that underwent a TPLO performed from March 2022 to August 2023 were reviewed. Postoperative TPLO radiographs were examined for evidence of a TCTF with Arthrex 3.5 mm STS. Records were reviewed for complications up to 14 weeks after surgery.

Results

Evidence of a TCTF was found in 42% of cases (33 of 78) and 14% (36 of 250) of STS screws distal to the osteotomy. TCTFs were only identified distal to the osteotomy. Three dogs had radiographic evidence of more than one TCTF. Of the dogs with radiographic TCTF, 6% of patients (2 of 33) developed a major complication that required surgical stabilization of a tibial fracture associated with screw angulation relative to the plate.

Conclusion

Use of Arthrex 3.5 mm STS for TPLO is associated with risk of TCTF. TCTF can compromise the structural properties of the tibia and cause complete tibial fracture requiring major revision surgery.

Clinical significance

Development of TCTF after use of STS for TPLO has been recognized, in contrast to use of non‐self‐tapping screws, and was considered a benign complication. Our findings suggest TCTF associated with Arthrex 3.5 mm STS use in TPLO can contribute to major complications after surgery, including complete tibial fracture, particularly if screws are not placed perpendicular to the plate.
The Complex of Cr(III) with Ligand of 2,6-Bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine and Anionic Trifluoromethanesulfonate: Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Padmaningrum Regina Tutik , Maryuni Tuti , Yunita Yunita , Laksono Endang Widjajanti , Pratomo Heru , Sugiyarto Kristian Handoyo
Published: June 2024

The complex containing chromium(III), 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine (3-bpp), and CF3SO3– (trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate)) has been prepared and characterized. The conductance, metal content, and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA-DTA) analysis suggest the complex to be [Cr(3-bpp)2](CF3SO3)3.2H2O. The paramagnetic moment corresponds to the three unpaired electrons being consistent with the electronic configuration of chromium(III). The electronic spectral bands are not well resolved attributed to the spin-allowed transitions of quartet ground state to quartet excited states. The IR spectral data signify the mode of vibrations typical for 3-bpp as well as the triflate. While the images of scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM) photographs confirm the crystalline particle size and the energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) signifies the existence of all elemental content. The analysis of powder-X-ray diffraction (powder-XRD) following the Rietica program of Le Bail suggests being a structurally orthorhombic crystal system, and Pbca space group, with Z = 16, Rp = 4.30, Rwp = 5.14, Rexp = 12.17, R-FBragg = 0.04, and goodness of fitting (GOF) = 0.1783. The complex shows a weak inhibition of bacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli.
Eccentric exercise before a 90 min exposure at 24,000 ft increases decompression strain depending on body region but not total muscle mass recruited
Authors: Gottschalk Frode , Gennser Mikael , Günther Mattias , Eiken Ola , Elia Antonis
Published: June 2024

Eccentric upper‐body exercise performed 24 h prior to high‐altitude decompression has previously been shown to aggravate venous gas emboli (VGE) load. Yet, it is unclear whether increasing the muscle mass recruited (i.e., upper vs. whole‐body) during eccentric exercise would exacerbate the decompression strain. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate whether the total muscle mass recruited during eccentric exercise influences the decompression strain. Eleven male participants were exposed to a simulated altitude of 24,000 ft for 90 min on three separate occasions. Twenty‐four hours before each exposure, participants performed one of the following protocols: (i) eccentric whole‐body exercise (ECCw; squats and arm‐cycling exercise), (ii) eccentric upper‐body exercise (ECCu; arm‐cycling), or (iii) no exercise (control). Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and isometric strength were evaluated before and after each exercise intervention. VGE load was evaluated at rest and after knee‐ and arm‐flex provocations using the 6‐graded Eftedal–Brubakk scale. Knee extensor (−20 ± 14%, P = 0.001) but not elbow flexor (−12 ± 18%, P = 0.152) isometric strength was reduced 24 h after ECCw. ECCu reduced elbow flexor isometric strength at 24 h post‐exercise (−18 ± 10%, P < 0.001). Elbow flexor DOMS was higher in the ECCu (median 6) compared with ECCw (5, P = 0.035). VGE scores were higher following arm‐flex provocations in the ECCu (median (range), 3 (0–4)) compared with ECCw (2 (0–3), P = 0.039) and control (0 (0–2), P = 0.011), and in ECCw compared with control (P = 0.023). VGE were detected earlier in ECCu (13 ± 20 min) compared with control (60 ± 38 min, P = 0.021), while no differences were noted between ECCw (18 ± 30 min) and control or ECCu. Eccentric exercise increased the decompression strain compared with control. The VGE load varied depending on the body region but not the total muscle mass recruited.

Highlights

What is the central question of this study?

Does exercise‐induced muscle damage (EIMD) resulting from eccentric exercise influence the presence of venous gas emboli (VGE) during a 90 min continuous exposure at 24,000 ft?

What is the main finding and its importance?

EIMD led to an earlier manifestation and greater VGE load compared with control. However, the decompression strain was dependent on the body region but not the total muscle mass recruited.
Matrices to enhance the ion yield of OLED molecules in ToF-SIMS: An interesting alchemist solution
Authors: Hirchenhahn Pierre , Guyot Claire , Laugier Christelle , Maindron Tony , Gilquin Benoît , Fisher Greg , Barnes Jean-Paul
Published: June 2024

Since the early days of time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), increasing the ion signal has been crucial. It is even more crucial when performing tandem mass spectrometry experiments. To achieve this goal, many developments have been made over the years, which are divided into two categories: instrumental development and sample modification. The latter involves sample metallization, matrix deposition, or changing the temperature of the measurement. In this study, the possibility of using matrices to enhance the signals of organic light emitting device (OLED) molecules was explored. Seven molecules commonly used in OLEDs were separately deposited on Si wafers: Alq3, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile, Ir(mppy)3, N,N′-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)benzidine, 2,2′,7,7′-tetra(N,N-ditolyl)-amino-spiro-bifluor (STTB), and tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine. Using the same solvent, three different matrices with different thicknesses, common in matrix assisted light desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry, α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,5-dihydrobenzoic acid (DHB), and dihydrochloride N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine, were sprayed on these surfaces. Spectra were acquired for all compounds and spraying conditions in static ToF-SIMS experiments for Alq3 chemical imaging and depth profiling were performed. This allowed the investigation of the fragmentation pattern of the chosen matrices in ToF-SIMS and, thus, obtained a reference for these molecules. The results show that matrices can enhance the signal of fragments of the studied molecules, for example, the signal of STTB is increased with DHB spraying. Samples sprayed only with the solvent were also prepared to verify the impact of the matrices on the signal. Spraying with the solvent alone can enhance the signal even more than the matrices up to four times in the case of Alq3. This result opens new possibilities in the field of matrix-enhanced ToF-SIMS in terms of applications and matrix choices.
Forearm Posture Affects the Corticospinal Excitability of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Hand Muscles in Dominant and Nondominant Sides
Authors: Garcia Marco Antonio Cavalcanti , Carvalho Thiago Santos de , Matsuda Renan Hiroshi , Baffa Oswaldo , Imbiriba Luis Aureliano , Souza Victor Hugo
Published: June 2024

Different forearm postures can modulate corticospinal excitability. However, there is no consensus on whether handedness plays a role in such a mechanism. This study investigated the effects of 3 forearm postures (pronation, neutral, and supination) on the corticospinal excitability of muscles from the dominant and nondominant upper limbs. Surface electromyography was recorded from the abductor digiti minimi, flexor pollicis brevis, and flexor carpi radialis from both sides of 12 right-handed volunteers. Transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses were applied to each muscle’s hotspot in both cerebral hemispheres. Motor-evoked potential peak-to-peak amplitude and latency and resting motor threshold were measured. The data were evaluated by analysis of variance. The level of significance was set at 5%. The resting motor threshold was similar for the 3 muscles and both sides. Motor-evoked potential peak-to-peak amplitude from flexor pollicis brevis was lower during supination, and the dominant upper limb latency was longer. The flexor carpi radialis presented lower motor-evoked potential peak-to-peak amplitudes for neutral and shorter latencies during supination. Abductor digiti minimi seemed not to be affected by posture or side. Different muscles from dominant and nondominant sides may undergo corticospinal modulation, even distally localized from a particular joint and under rest.
The Influence of Acute Hypoxia on Oxygen Uptake and Muscle Oxygenation Kinetics During Cycling Exercise in Prepubertal Boys
Authors: Weston Max E. , Armstrong Neil , Bond Bert , Tomlinson Owen W. , Williams Craig A. , Barker Alan R.
Published: June 2024

Purpose: To examine the effect of normobaric hypoxia on pulmonary oxygen uptake () and muscle oxygenation kinetics during incremental and moderate-intensity exercise in children. Methods: Eight prepubertal boys (9–11 y) performed incremental cycle tests to exhaustion in both normoxia and hypoxia (fraction of inspired O2 of 15%) followed by repeat 6-minute transitions of moderate-intensity exercise in each condition over subsequent visits. Results: Maximal oxygen uptake () was reduced in hypoxia compared with normoxia (1.69 [0.20] vs 1.87 [0.26] L·min−1, P = .028), although the gas exchange threshold was not altered in absolute terms (P = .33) or relative to (P = .78). During moderate-intensity exercise, the phase II time constant (τ) was increased in hypoxia (18 [9] vs 24 [8] s, P = .025), with deoxyhemoglobin τ unchanged (17 [8] vs 16 [6], P ≥ .28). Conclusions: In prepubertal boys, hypoxia reduced and slowed phase II kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise, despite unchanged deoxyhemoglobin kinetics. These data suggest an oxygen delivery dependence of and moderate-intensity kinetics under conditions of reduced oxygen availability in prepubertal boys.
The annotation of
GBA1
has been concealed by its protein-coding pseudogene
GBAP1
Authors: Gustavsson Emil K. , Sethi Siddharth , Gao Yujing , Brenton Jonathan W. , García-Ruiz Sonia , Zhang David , Garza Raquel , Reynolds Regina H. , Evans James R. , Chen Zhongbo , Grant-Peters Melissa , Macpherson Hannah , Montgomery Kylie , Dore Rhys , Wernick Anna I. , Arber Charles , Wray Selina , Gandhi Sonia , Esselborn Julian , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Douse Christopher H. , Adami Anita , Atacho Diahann A. M. , Kouli Antonina , Quaegebeur Annelies , Barker Roger A. , Englund Elisabet , Platt Frances , Jakobsson Johan , Wood Nicholas W. , Houlden Henry , Saini Harpreet , Bento Carla F. , Hardy John , Ryten Mina
Published: June 2024

Mutations in
GBA1
cause Gaucher disease and are the most important genetic risk factor for Parkinson’s disease. However, analysis of transcription at this locus is complicated by its highly homologous pseudogene,
GBAP1
. We show that >50% of short RNA-sequencing reads mapping to
GBA1
also map to
GBAP1
. Thus, we used long-read RNA sequencing in the human brain, which allowed us to accurately quantify expression from both
GBA1
and
GBAP1
. We discovered significant differences in expression compared to short-read data and identify currently unannotated transcripts of both
GBA1
and
GBAP1
. These included protein-coding transcripts from both genes that were translated in human brain, but without the known lysosomal function—yet accounting for almost a third of transcription. Analyzing brain-specific cell types using long-read and single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed region-specific variations in transcript expression. Overall, these findings suggest nonlysosomal roles for
GBA1
and
GBAP1
with implications for our understanding of the role of
GBA1
in health and disease.
Scalable weaving of resilient membranes with on-demand superwettability for high-performance nanoemulsion separations
Authors: Wang Yangyang , Villalobos Luis Francisco , Liang Lijun , Zhu Bo , Li Jian , Chen Chen , Bai Yunxiang , Zhang Chunfang , Dong Liangliang , An Quan-Fu , Meng Hong , Zhao Yue , Elimelech Menachem
Published: June 2024

This study leverages the ancient craft of weaving to prepare membranes that can effectively treat oil/water mixtures, specifically challenging nanoemulsions. Drawing inspiration from the core-shell architecture of spider silk, we have engineered fibers, the fundamental building blocks for weaving membranes, that feature a mechanically robust core for tight weaving, coupled with a CO
2
-responsive shell that allows for on-demand wettability adjustments. Tightly weaving these fibers produces membranes with ideal pores, achieving over 99.6% separation efficiency for nanoemulsions with droplets as small as 20 nm. They offer high flux rates, on-demand self-cleaning, and can switch between sieving oil and water nanodroplets through simple CO
2
/N
2
stimulation. Moreover, weaving can produce sufficiently large membranes (4800 cm
2
) to assemble a module that exhibits long-term stability and performance, surpassing state-of-the-art technologies for nanoemulsion separations, thus making industrial application a practical reality.
Macrophage-derived chemokine CCL22 establishes local LN-mediated adaptive thermogenesis and energy expenditure
Authors: Yuan Yexian , Hu Ruoci , Park Jooman , Xiong Shaolei , Wang Zilai , Qian Yanyu , Shi Zuoxiao , Wu Ruifan , Han Zhenbo , Ong Sang-Ging , Lin Shuhao , Varady Krista A. , Xu Pingwen , Berry Daniel C. , Shu Gang , Jiang Yuwei
Published: June 2024

There is a regional preference around lymph nodes (LNs) for adipose beiging. Here, we show that local LN removal within inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) greatly impairs cold-induced beiging, and this impairment can be restored by injecting M2 macrophages or macrophage-derived C-C motif chemokine (CCL22) into iWAT. CCL22 injection into iWAT effectively promotes iWAT beiging, while blocking CCL22 with antibodies can prevent it. Mechanistically, the CCL22 receptor, C-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), within eosinophils and its downstream focal adhesion kinase/p65/interleukin-4 signaling are essential for CCL22-mediated beige adipocyte formation. Moreover, CCL22 levels are inversely correlated with body weight and fat mass in mice and humans. Acute elevation of CCL22 levels effectively prevents diet-induced body weight and fat gain by enhancing adipose beiging. Together, our data identify the CCL22-CCR4 axis as an essential mediator for LN-controlled adaptive thermogenesis and highlight its potential to combat obesity and its associated complications.
Toward human-like adaptability in robotics through a retention-engineered synaptic control system
Authors: Kim Chan , Roe Dong Gue , Lim Dong Un , Choi Yoon Young , Kang Moon Sung , Kim Dong-Hwan , Cho Jeong Ho
Published: June 2024

Although advanced robots can adeptly mimic human movement and aesthetics, they are still unable to adapt or evolve in response to external experiences. To address this limitation, we propose an innovative approach that uses parallel-processable retention-engineered synaptic devices in the control system. This approach aims to simulate a human-like learning system without necessitating complex computational systems. The retention properties of the synaptic devices were modulated by adjusting the amount of Ag/AgCl ink sprayed. This changed the voltage drop across the interface between the gate electrode and the electrolyte. Furthermore, the unrestricted movement of ions in the electrolyte enhanced the signal multiplexing capability of the ion gel, enabling device-level parallel processing. By integrating the unique characteristics of the synaptic devices with actuators, we successfully emulated a human-like workout process that includes feedback between acute and chronic responses. The proposed control system offers an innovative approach to reducing system complexity and achieving a human-like learning system in the field of biomimicry.
New government drug repurposing programs: Opportunities and uncertainties
Authors: Liddicoat Johnathon , Hamidzadeh Ashleigh , Liddell Kathleen , Schito Marco , Simon David , Aboy Mateo , Minssen Timo
Published: June 2024

Drug repurposing can be cheaper and faster than developing new compounds. Yet, it remains underused, partially because of regulatory and intellectual property challenges. Policy-makers in the United States and Europe have created seven drug development programs that aim to overcome these challenges using a variety of different strategies.
Diversity in the utilization of different molecular classes of dissolved organic matter by heterotrophic marine bacteria
Authors: Givati Shira , Forchielli Elena , Aharonovich Dikla , Barak Noga , Weissberg Osnat , Belkin Natalia , Rahav Eyal , Segrè Daniel , Sher Daniel
Published: June 2024

Heterotrophic marine bacteria utilize and recycle dissolved organic matter (DOM), impacting biogeochemical cycles. It is currently unclear to what extent distinct DOM components can be used by different heterotrophic clades. Here, we ask how a natural microbial community from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS) responds to different molecular classes of DOM (peptides, amino acids, amino sugars, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and organic acids) comprising much of the biomass of living organisms. Bulk bacterial activity increased after 24 h for all treatments relative to the control, while glucose and ATP uptake decreased or remained unchanged. Moreover, while the per-cell uptake rate of glucose and ATP decreased, that of Leucin significantly increased for amino acids, reflecting their importance as common metabolic currencies in the marine environment.
Pseudoalteromonadaceae
dominated the peptides treatment, while different
Vibrionaceae
strains became dominant in response to amino acids and amino sugars.
Marinomonadaceae
grew well on organic acids, and
Alteromonadaseae
on disaccharides. A comparison with a recent laboratory-based study reveals similar peptide preferences for
Pseudoalteromonadaceae
, while
Alteromonadaceae
, for example, grew well in the lab on many substrates but dominated in seawater samples only when disaccharides were added. We further demonstrate a potential correlation between the genetic capacity for degrading amino sugars and the dominance of specific clades in these treatments. These results highlight the diversity in DOM utilization among heterotrophic bacteria and complexities in the response of natural communities.

IMPORTANCE

A major goal of microbial ecology is to predict the dynamics of natural communities based on the identity of the organisms, their physiological traits, and their genomes. Our results show that several clades of heterotrophic bacteria each grow in response to one or more specific classes of organic matter. For some clades, but not others, growth in a complex community is similar to that of isolated strains in laboratory monoculture. Additionally, by measuring how the entire community responds to various classes of organic matter, we show that these results are ecologically relevant, and propose that some of these resources are utilized through common uptake pathways. Tracing the path between different resources to the specific microbes that utilize them, and identifying commonalities and differences between different natural communities and between them and lab cultures, is an important step toward understanding microbial community dynamics and predicting how communities will respond to perturbations.
mSphere of Influence: MmuPV1—a dual tropic papillomavirus, red herring, or novel insight into HPV pathogenesis
Authors: Romero-Masters James
Published: June 2024

James Romero-Masters works in the field of tumor virology, focusing on the role of the human papillomavirus oncogenes in pathogenesis. In this mSphere of Influence article, they reflect on how the article “Mouse papillomavirus infection persists in mucosal tissues of an immunocompetent mouse strain and progresses to cancer” impacted them, informing their research strategies, and what it means for the mouse papillomavirus model.
Perspectives on the future of host-microbe biology from the Council on Microbial Sciences of the American Society for Microbiology
Authors: Gestal Monica C. , Oates A. Elizabeth , Akob Denise M. , Criss Alison K. ,   Host-Microbe Retreat Planning Committee,   Host-Microbe Retreat Speakers, Fidel Paul L. , Watnick Paula I. , Young Vincent B. , Zackular Joseph , Casadevall Arturo , Gibbons Sean M. , Huffnagle Gary B. , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Newman Dianne K. , Nickerson Cheryl A.
Published: June 2024

Host-microbe biology (HMB) stands on the cusp of redefinition, challenging conventional paradigms to instead embrace a more holistic understanding of the microbial sciences. The American Society for Microbiology (ASM) Council on Microbial Sciences hosted a virtual retreat in 2023 to identify the future of the HMB field and innovations needed to advance the microbial sciences. The retreat presentations and discussions collectively emphasized the interconnectedness of microbes and their profound influence on humans, animals, and environmental health, as well as the need to broaden perspectives to fully embrace the complexity of these interactions. To advance HMB research, microbial scientists would benefit from enhancing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research to utilize expertise in diverse fields, integrate different disciplines, and promote equity and accessibility within HMB. Data integration will be pivotal in shaping the future of HMB research by bringing together varied scientific perspectives, new and innovative techniques, and ’omics approaches. ASM can empower under-resourced groups with the goal of ensuring that the benefits of cutting-edge research reach every corner of the scientific community. Thus, ASM will be poised to steer HMB toward a future that champions inclusivity, innovation, and accessible scientific progress.
Visible damp in a child’s bedroom is associated with increased respiratory morbidity in early life: a multicentre cohort study
Authors: Ruffles Tom , Inglis Sarah K , Memon Anjum , Seddon Paul , Basu Kaninika , Bremner Stephen A , Rabe Heike , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Fidler Katy J
Published: June 2024

Objective

Household damp exposure is an important public health issue. We aimed to assess the impact of the location of household damp on respiratory outcomes during early life.

Methods

Household damp exposure was ascertained in children recruited to the GO-CHILD multicentre birth cohort study. The frequency of respiratory symptoms, infections, healthcare utilisation and medication prescription for wheezing were collected by postal questionnaires at 12 and 24 months. Log binomial and ordered logistic regression models were fitted to the data.

Results

Follow-up was obtained in 1344 children between August 2010 and January 2016. Visible damp was present in a quarter of households (25.3%) with 1 in 12 children’s bedrooms affected (8.3%). Damp in the bathroom, kitchen or living room was not associated with any respiratory or infection-related outcomes. Damp in the child’s bedroom was associated with an increased risk of dry cough (8.7% vs 5.7%) (adjusted relative risk 1.56, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.27; p=0.021) and odds of primary care attendance for cough and wheeze (7.6% vs 4.4%) (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.76; p=0.009). There were also increased risk of inhaled corticosteroid (13.3% vs 5.9%) (adjusted RR 2.22, 95% CI 1.04 to 4.74; p=0.038) and reliever inhaler (8.3% vs 5.8%) (adjusted RR 2.01, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.79; p=0.018) prescription.

Conclusion

Damp in the child’s bedroom was associated with increased respiratory morbidity. In children presenting with recurrent respiratory symptoms, clinicians should enquire about both the existence and location of damp, the presence of which can help prioritise those families requiring urgent household damp assessment and remediation works.
Predisposing factors, clinical and microbiological insights of bacterial keratitis: analysis of 354 cases from a leading French academic centre
Authors: Bertret Clara , Knoeri Juliette , Leveziel Loic , Bourcier Tristan , Brignole-Baudouin Françoise , Merabet Lilia , Bouheraoua Nacim , Borderie Vincent Michel
Published: June 2024

Aims

To report an epidemiological update of bacterial keratitis (BK) in a tertiary ophthalmology centre over 20 months compared with a previous study on the same timeframe from 1998 to 1999.

Methods

354 patients with BK documented by microbiological corneal scraping or resolutive under antibiotics treatment from January 2020 to September 2021 were analysed retrospectively.

Results

One or several risk factors were found in 95.2% of patients: contact lens wear (45.2%), ocular surface disease (25.0%), systemic disease (21.8%), ocular trauma (11.9%) and ocular surgery (8.8%). The positivity rate of corneal scrapings was 82.5%, with 18.2% polybacterial. One hundred seventy-five (59.9%) bacteria were Gram-negative, and 117 (40.1%) were Gram-positive. The most common bacteria were
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(32.5%),
Moraxella
spp (18.1%) and
Staphylococcus aureus
(8.2%). Final visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was associated with age (r=+0.48; p=0.0001), infiltrate size (r=+0.32; p<0.0001), ocular surface disease (r=+0.13; p=0.03), ocular trauma (r=-0.14; p=0.02) and contact lens wear (r=−0.26; p<0.0001). Gram-negative bacteria were responsible for deeper (r=+0.18; p=0.004) and more extensive infiltrates (r=+0.18; p=0.004) in younger patients (r=−0.19; p=0.003). Compared with the previous period, the positivity rate of corneal scrapings and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria, especially
Moraxella
spp, increased. All
P. aeruginosa
and
Moraxella
spp were sensitive to quinolones, and all
S. aureus
were sensitive to both quinolones and methicillin.

Conclusion

Contact lens wear remained the leading risk factor. The bacteria distribution was reversed, with a predominance of Gram-negative bacteria and increased
Moraxella
spp.
Postpartum recovery after severe maternal morbidity in Kilifi, Kenya: a grounded theory of recovery trajectories beyond 42 days
Authors: Gazeley Ursula , Ochieng Marvine Caren , Wanje Onesmus , Koech Etyang Angela , Mwashigadi Grace , Barreh Nathan , Kombo Alice Mnyazi , Bakari Mwanajuma , Maitha Grace , Silverio Sergio A , Temmerman Marleen , Magee Laura , von Dadelszen Peter , Filippi Veronique
Published: June 2024

Introduction

The burden of severe maternal morbidity is highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and its relative contribution to maternal (ill) health may increase as maternal mortality continues to fall. Women’s perspective of their long-term recovery following severe morbidity beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period remains largely unexplored.

Methods

This woman-centred, grounded theory study was nested within the Pregnancy Care Integrating Translational Science Everywhere (PRECISE) study in Kilifi, Kenya. Purposive and theoretical sampling was used to recruit 20 women who experienced either a maternal near-miss event (n=11), potentially life-threatening condition (n=6) or no severe morbidity (n=3). Women were purposively selected between 6 and 36 months post partum at the time of interview to compare recovery trajectories. Using a constant comparative approach of line-by-line open codes, focused codes, super-categories and themes, we developed testable hypotheses of women’s postpartum recovery trajectories after severe maternal morbidity.

Results

Grounded in women’s accounts of their lived experience, we identify three phases of recovery following severe maternal morbidity: ‘loss’, ‘transition’ and ‘adaptation to a new normal’. These themes are supported by multiple, overlapping super-categories: loss of understanding of own health, functioning and autonomy; transition in women’s identity and relationships; and adaptation to a new physical, psychosocial and economic state. This recovery process is multidimensional, potentially cyclical and extends far beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period.

Conclusion

Women’s complex needs following severe maternal morbidity require a reconceptualisation of postpartum recovery as extending far beyond the standard 42-day postpartum period. Women’s accounts expose major deficiencies in the provision of postpartum and mental healthcare. Improved postpartum care provision at the primary healthcare level, with reach extended through community health workers, is essential to identify and treat chronic mental or physical health problems following severe maternal morbidity.
Designing an evidence-informed package of essential health services for Universal Health Coverage: lessons learnt and challenges to implementation in Liberia
Authors: Alwan Ala , Jallah Wilhemina , Baltussen Rob , Carballo Manuel , Gonyon Ernest , Gudumac Ina , Haghparast-Bidgoli Hassan , Jacobs George , Abou Jaoude Gerard Joseph , Kateh Francis Nah , Logan Gorbee , Skordis Jolene
Published: June 2024

Liberia developed an evidence-informed package of health services for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) based on the Disease Control Priorities 3 evidence. This paper describes the policy decisions, methods and processes adopted for prioritisation, key features of the package and lessons learnt, with special emphasis on feasibility of implementation. Package design was led by the Ministry of Health. Prioritisation of essential services was based on evidence on disease burden, cost-effectiveness, financial risk, equity, budget impact, and feasibility of implementation. Fiscal space analysis was used to assess package affordability and options for expanding the budget envelope. The final adopted package focuses on primary healthcare and comprises a core subpackage of 78 publicly financed interventions and a complementary subpackage of 50 interventions funded through cost-sharing. The estimated per capita cost to the government is US$12.28, averting around 1.2 million DALYs. Key lessons learnt are described: (1) priority setting is essential for designing affordable packages of essential services; (2) the most realistic and affordable option when domestic resources are critically limited is to focus on basic, high-impact primary health services; (3) Liberia and many other countries will continue to rely on donor funding to expand the range of essential services until more domestic resources become available; (4) national leadership and effective engagement of key stakeholders are critical for a successful package design; (5) effective implementation is less likely unless the package cost is affordable and the health system gaps are assessed and addressed. A framework of action was employed to assess the consistency with the prerequisites for an appropriate package design. Based on the framework, Liberia developed a transparent and affordable package for UHC, but the challenges to implementation require further action by the government.
Global and regional burden estimation of HIV-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: a meta-analysis and modelling analysis protocol
Authors: Chen Yan , Sun Zhaochen , Sun Ping , Liu Yuping , Wan Zhengwei , Ye Yunli
Published: June 2024

Introduction

HIV infection is one of the complex aetiologies of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). However, the contribution of HIV to burden of NHL across time and region has not yet been comprehensively reported and quantified. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the relative risk of NHL in individuals with HIV infection compared with those without by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis. Additionally, we intend to further estimate quantitatively the degree of HIV contributing to burden of NHL using population attributable fraction (PAF) modelling analysis.

Methods and analysis

This study will screen a mass of records searched from four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science). The main outcomes are specific effect values and corresponding 95% CIs for NHL among population with HIV infection compared with those without to quantify the association between HIV infection and NHL. After quality assessment and data extraction, we will undertake a meta-analysis to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR). Furthermore, PAF calculation based on pooled RR combines with number of age-specific disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and HIV prevalence data (aged ≥15 years old) from 1990 to 2019, at global, regional and country levels. We will calculate the PAF, HIV-associated DALY number and age-standardised rate to quantify the burden of HIV-associated NHL.

Ethics and dissemination

This study is based on published articles; thus, the ethic approval is not essential. In addition, we intend to publish the results on peer-reviewed journals for more discussion. We believe that research on estimating global burden of NHL can provide valuable insights for developing targeted prevention and control strategies, thereby achieving significant benefits.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD 42023404150.
Antithrombotic therapy for durable left ventricular assist devices: protocol for a living systematic review with indirect comparison/network meta-analysis
Authors: Derzi Simone Helena , Dewidar Omar , Sabri Hind , Tran Diem , Wells George A
Published: June 2024

Background

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have emerged as a successful treatment option for patients with end-stage heart failure. Compared with the best medical therapy, LVADs improve survival and enhance functional capacity and quality of life. However, two major complications compromise this patient population’s outcomes: thrombosis and bleeding. Despite technological innovations and better hemocompatibility, these devices alter the rheology, triggering the coagulation cascade and, therefore, require antithrombotic therapy. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies represent the current standard of care. Still, inconsistency in the literature exists, especially whether antiplatelet therapy is required, whether direct oral anticoagulants can replace vitamin K antagonists and even whether phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with their antithrombotic effects could be added to the regimen of anticoagulation.

Methods and analysis

We will perform a living systematic review with network meta-analysis and indirect comparison between current antithrombotic therapies, which have and have not been directly compared within clinical trials and observational studies. We will systematically search the following electronic sources: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE). We will exclusively examine studies published in English from 2016 to the present. Studies conducted before 2016 will be omitted since our primary focus is evaluating continuous flow devices. Two independent reviewers will assess the articles by title, abstract and full text; any disagreement will be resolved through discussion, and a third reviewer will be involved if necessary. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used to assess the risk of bias. We will then conduct a pairwise meta-analysis; if the assumption of transitivity is satisfied, we will proceed with network meta-analysis using Bayesian methodology.

Ethics and dissemination

Formal ethical approval is not required as no primary data are collected. This systematic review and network meta-analysis will delineate the risks of stroke, thromboembolic events, pump thrombosis, gastrointestinal bleeding and mortality in patients equipped with LVADs who are subjected to various antithrombotic regimens. The findings will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed publication and presented at conference meetings. This will enhance clinical practice and guide future research on anticoagulation strategies within this distinct patient cohort.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42023465288.
Heart rate vARiability and physical activity in inpatient treatMent of burnOut and DepressIon (HARMODI): protocol of a cross-sectional study with up to 8-week follow up
Authors: Turner Wiebke , Brühl Annette , Böker Heinz , Schulze Beate , Marschall Katja , La Marca Roberto , Pfaff Michael , Russmann Thomas , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Chronic stress can cause an imbalance within the autonomic nervous system, thereby affecting cardiovascular and mental health. Physical activity (PA) may have a positive effect on the autonomic nervous system and stress-related disorders, such as depression and burnout. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive marker of the autonomic nervous system. However, limited and inconsistent data exist on the exact relationship between HRV, PA and depression and burnout symptoms. The HARMODI study aims to explore whether HRV is a feasible marker of depression and burnout symptoms and aims to evaluate the role of PA in the treatment of stress-related disorders.

Methods and analyses

This is an observational study with a cross-sectional up to 8 week follow-up study design. A total of 153 patients, undergoing psychiatric inpatient treatment with burnout syndrome (Z73) and depressive episode (F32 or F33) or adjustment disorder (F43.2), will be recruited. Data on depression and burnout symptoms, HRV recordings (24-hour, supine, standing and exercise stress test), cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiovascular health, balance and strength will be collected at baseline (T1) and after up to 8 weeks (T2). Continuous data on PA and Ecological Momentary Assessments of exhaustion, mood and tension will be monitored daily throughout inpatient treatment. Multiple regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, will assess the association between HRV as the primary outcome, PA and depression and burnout severity score.

Ethics and dissemination

The protocol has been approved by Swiss Ethics Committee, Cantonal Ethics Committee Zürich. Results of HARMODI will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT05874856.
Compliance with requirements for registration and reporting of results in trials of mesenchymal stromal cells for musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Holtedahl Robin , Brox Jens Ivar
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess compliance with statutory requirements to register and report outcomes in interventional trials of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for musculoskeletal disorders and to describe the trials’ clinical and design characteristics.

Design

A systematic review of published trials and trials submitted to public registries.

Data sources

The databases Medline, Cochrane Library and McMaster; six public clinical registries. All searches were done until 31 January 2023.

Eligibility criteria

Trials submitted to registries and completed before January 2021. Prospective interventional trials published in peer-reviewed journals.

Data extraction and synthesis

The first author searched for trials that had (1) posted trial results in a public registry, (2) presented results in a peer-reviewed publication and (3) submitted a pretrial protocol to a registry before publication. Other extracted variables included trial design, number of participants, funding source, follow-up duration and cell type.

Results

In total 124 trials were found in registries and literature databases. Knee osteoarthritis was the most common indication. Of the 100 registry trials, 52 trials with in total 2 993 participants had neither posted results in the registry nor published results. Fifty-two of the registry trials submitted a protocol retrospectively. Forty-three of the 67 published trials (64%) had registered a pretrial protocol. Funding source was not associated with compliance with reporting requirements. A discrepancy between primary endpoints in the registry and publication was found in 16 of 25 trials. In 28% of trials, the treatment groups used adjuvant therapies. Only 39% of controlled trials were double-blinded.

Conclusions

A large proportion of trials failed to comply with statutory requirements for the registration and reporting of results, thereby increasing the risk of bias in outcome assessments. To improve confidence in the role of MSCs for musculoskeletal disorders, registries and medical journals should more rigorously enforce existing requirements for registration and reporting.