bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Use of Ultrasound for Breast Pain in a Newfoundland Cohort Article Sidebar
Authors: Hogan Sarah , Hapgood Connie
Published: September 2024

Background and objective

Breast pain is a common complaint for which ultrasound is often used for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to determine the number and outcome of breast ultrasounds conducted in patients having breast pain with no other associated clinical features.

Method

All patients who underwent breast ultrasound for breast pain at a local hospital from January 1, 2016 through December 31, 2018 were identified. The result of each ultrasound was recorded along with variables such as clinical features (palpable lump, nipple discharge, and skin dimpling), age, sex, pain characteristics, menopausal status, and family/personal history of breast cancer.

Results

A total of 1660 ultrasounds (12.8%) for breast pain were performed at a local hospital center, accounting for 12.8% of the total breast ultrasounds done during the stated period. The age range of the patients was 17–91 years, with a mean age of 45.4 years and standard deviation (SD) being 15 years. Most of the patients had no clinical findings associated with their pain (64%). More abnormal ultrasound findings in patients with clinical features (29%) were determined compared to patients with no clinical features (16%). The majority of abnormal ultrasounds in patients with no clinical features were done in patients aged 41–50 years (13.9%), and patients aged >50 years (10.9%). No abnormal findings in patients aged <20 years were detected, and only 15 patients (6.5%) aged 21–30 years with no clinical findings had abnormal ultrasounds.

Conclusion

Patients aged 17–30 years had the lowest abnormal finding rate, with no cancerous outcomes. These results support the prudent use of breast ultrasound in case of young patients.
Ultrasound-Guided Transrectal Prostate Biopsy: An Evidence-Based Process Report for an Acute Care Community Hospital
Authors: Taylor Jennifer
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose:

Clearly designed processes improve patient care and department efficiency. A formative process evaluation is used to strengthen a service, improve outcomes, or increase program efficiency. A community hospital in Southern Ontario completed such an evaluation of its ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy service. During a prostate biopsy, tissue samples for cancer diagnosis are obtained. The Canadian Cancer Society estimated that 22,300 men would be diagnosed with prostate cancer and approximately 4,300 would die in 2007. Timely access to diagnostic and treatment services is critical for the reduction of prostate cancer mortality and morbidity. An evaluation of the ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy service was undertaken to identify possible strategies to reduce wait times from 6 months to 6 weeks and identify service improvements. Hospitals are accountable for the efficient and effective use of resources. This evaluation was designed to provide evidence-based data to identify ways to improve resource use.

Methods:

A literature review, stakeholder interviews, and comparator hospital survey were conducted to identify stakeholder needs and to determine industry standards and opportunities for service improvement and access.

Results:

The results suggest a need for revisions of the booking process, patient information service, and pain management strategies, as well as staff realignment, policy and procedure updates, and a process to evaluate outcomes.

Conclusion:

This process evaluation successfully identified service improvements that may reduce the wait time from 6 months to 6 weeks.Therapeutic Uses of Ultrasound-Guided Microbubbles: A Review of Current Research
Therapeutic Uses of Ultrasound-Guided Microbubbles: A Review of Current Research
Authors: Webb Allison
Published: September 2024

Research into treating disease with ultrasound-guided microbubble technology is gaining interest in the scientific community. The specific properties of microbubbles allow for a variety of different techniques, which permit minimally invasive administration of pharmaceutical agents or the use of gene therapy. Unlike conventional pharmaceutical therapies, ultrasound-guided therapy eliminates global drug effects on the body by guiding the medication to specific locations. In this article, examples of specific therapeutic ultrasound-guided microbubble applications are discussed.
Maintaining the Schedule of Unit Values for the Medical Imaging Workload Measurement System
Authors: Thiessen Arlene L.
Published: September 2024

The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) is an independent, not-for-profit corporation that provides essential information on Canada’s health system and the health of Canadians. CIHI’s unbiased, credible, and comparable data and information enables health leaders to make better-informed decisions.
Pediatric Ultrasound – Review
Authors: Thomas Laura
Published: September 2024

Recent developments at the American Registry of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers (ARDMS) means that the longstanding neurosongraphy exam has now been changed to include all of pediatric sonography. For us at Mohawk College in Hamilton, Ontario these changes mandated course redevelopment. This meant that our neurosongraphy course was updated to include all of pediatric ultrasound. The new exam covers a broad scope of information that is outlined within this paper. Sonography Canada's national conference held in May of 2015 in Moncton, New Brunswick offered many lectures on pediatric ultrasound to enhance the learning in this specialized field. This paper will briefly cover the material covered in the lecture titled: Pediatric ultrasound, a little review.
The Impact of Individual Attitude: As Seen in the Field of Diagnostic Medical Sonography
Authors: Hatterscheidt Karina
Published: September 2024

The primary objective of student sonographers is to develop into successful practitioners in the field. Sonographer undergraduates presented with the opportunity to experience numerous practical environments observe the individual attitudes of experienced sonographers in the healthcare field. The attitudes held by working health care professionals have significant impact on patients, coworkers, students, their own job proficiency and the entire healthcare establishment. Students evaluate the impact that individual attitudes have on the healthcare environment, and adapt the attributes of ultrasound professionals that create positive change.
Breast Carcinoma: A Series of Cases
Authors: Singh Erwin
Published: September 2024

With recent advancements in breast imaging, sonography is becoming an increasingly useful tool in assessing breast pathology. Its abilities to differentiate cystic and solid masses allows it to be used in conjunction with mammography; however, breast sonography continues to be highly user dependent. The ability to recognize malignant breast masses comes from both a solid foundation in breast-scanning techniques, and more importantly, with experience. The following article briefly discusses breast sonography scanning techniques and presents a sample of breast carcinoma cases.
Sonography of the Outflow Tracts of the Fetal Heart Part 1 – Normal Anatomy and Common Anatomical Variants
Authors: Suchet Ian B.
Published: September 2024

The four-chamber view of the fetal heart is still widely used as the only sonographic view for detection of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, inherent limitations of the four-chamber view in detecting abnormalities of the major vessels necessitate expanding the routine scan to include the outflow tracts. Conotruncal abnormalities in particular are often not detected on the four-chamber view.

Assessment of the heart and outflow tracts is accomplished by sequential transverse planes starting in the upper abdomen and ending in the superior mediastinum. Grey-scale 2-D images, complemented by colour and pulsed Doppler which help quantify direction and velocity flow within the insonated vessel are now considered the standard.

Although there is initially a steep, slow learning curve, successful evaluation of the outflow tracts can be accomplished within 5 minutes by an experienced examiner. Grey-scale images complemented by colour, directional power Doppler and pulsed Doppler will allow identification of most major CHD cases.

This paper describes the normal anatomy in each of these transverse planes, as well as common variants and pitfalls that constitute the normal two-dimensional scan, that must be mastered prior to evaluating the numerous abnormalities that may be encountered.

Most infants with CHD are born to mothers without specifically defined risk factors, and it is for this reason, that the emphasis on fetal heart evaluation has evolved to routine screening of both low- and high-risk pregnancies.

The four-chamber view of the fetal heart is still widely used as the only sonographic view for detection of congenital heart disease (CHD). However, because of the inherent limitations in the four-chamber view in detecting anomalies of the outflow tracts, the sensitivity for detection of CHD varies from 48 to 63% in some series.1-3 When evaluation of the outflow tracts is performed as well, the detection rate of CHD increases to over 90%.4
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Kennedy Linda
Published: September 2024

A 29-year-old female, 24 weeks pregnant, presented to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain and confusion. Laboratory results revealed the patient had high pancreatic enzymes as well as elevated serum calcium. Ultrasound imaging of the abdomen revealed an enlarged pancreas with adjacent free fluid as well as kidneys with echogenic medullary pyramids and fluid adjacent to the kidneys. Primary hyperparathyroidism was suspected and confirmed with neck ultrasound that demonstrated the presence of a parathyroid adenoma. Fetal well-being was confirmed with ultrasound.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is considered rare in pregnancy and the effects may result in both maternal and fetal complications. A single adenoma is the cause of most cases of primary hyperparathyroidism and the definitive treatment is surgical removal of the adenoma.
Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Frontonasal Dysplasia
Authors: Sandhu Navjot
Published: September 2024

Sonographers are often exposed to rare fetal conditions. The following case study serves as an example. A healthy 28-year-old Caucasian female with a negative first trimester screen presented with complex facial and intracranial abnormalities at her routine detailed ultrasound. The ultrasound findings included mild ventriculomegaly, ocular hypertelorism, large bilateral cleft lip and palate, mildly narrowed frontal bone, and partial absence of the corpus callosum. These findings suggested a genetic/chromosomal-related etiology, more specifically “Frontonasal Dysplasia.”1

Diagnosis is made by a combination of two or more of the following findings: cranium bifidum occultum, ocular hypertelorism, median cleft nose, median cleft lip, and median cleft dysplasia.2 This is a rare and poorly defined syndrome caused by mutation of the ALX gene.1 The rarity in which it is encountered made this case a formidable diagnostic challenge. Recognition of this syndrome is critical to implementation of appropriate therapy of this rare fetal condition.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Acute Cholecystitis Imaging
Authors: Currie Alana
Published: September 2024

This literature review aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound, cholescintigraphy, and computed tomography in detecting acute cholecystitis. The diagnostic findings of acute cholecystitis on each imaging modality are discussed. Various studies that evaluate the diagnostic performance of each modality are included. While this review concludes that cholescintigraphy has the highest sensitivity for detecting acute cholecystitis, it is noted that each method has its own strengths and limitations and should be considered for each patient on a case by case basis.
Unusual Presentation of a Left Ventricular Myxoma
Authors: Thanapalan Vasega
Published: September 2024

A transthoracic echocardiogram was ordered for a 45-year-old female with no previous cardiac history, presenting with a heart murmur and intermittent palpitations. During the echocardiogram, an unusual presentation of a myxoma found attached to the left ventricle was identified. Additional findings from her echocardiogram included normal left ventricular size and function, with this 2×2 cm globular echogenic mass suggestive of a myxoma. No other obvious intracardiac masses were noted, and no significant valvular abnormalities were noted. A differential diagnosis of thrombus was ruled out with the normal left ventricular function and the visualization of the attachment of the mass to the mitral valve chordae. With the echo findings, the patient immediately underwent a surgical procedure for the removal of the tumour to prevent embolic events. This case served as a good example of a rare pathology presenting itself in an atypical location.
Development of a Competency-Based Veterinary Education Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Justice Domain
Authors: Cole Stephen D. , Conner Bobbi J. , de Matos Ricardo , Meritet Danielle M. , Tseng Florina S.
Published: September 2024

A group of veterinary educators with diverse backgrounds and interests from five universities in the northeastern region of the United States convened in December 2020 to address challenges in diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice (DEIJ) in veterinary education. It was elected to develop a DEIJ-specific competency domain to supplement the nine domains previously described in the Competency-Based Veterinary Education framework. The domain that we created provides a detailed but flexible roadmap that can be used to guide curriculum-development initiatives that support learner development in DEIJ and, as a result, enhance their impact in working teams and the communities in which they will live and practice. However, we anticipate that this domain will be regularly updated to stay relevant with respect to social change and veterinary medicine.
Gender Distribution of Course Material Authors in a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Program
Authors: Bourgeois John P. , Fortier KiLee , Frank Nicholas
Published: September 2024

The gender distribution of authors in the health sciences literature has been well documented. We explored whether this distribution persists among library course reserves for a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine program, as course reserves are veterinary faculty members’ own teaching materials. Such a bibliometric analysis of course reserves provides a novel method of examining curricular materials. In the Fall of 2022, researchers collected the library's current course reserve metadata, including fields, such as author names and material types. Binary gender was determined based on a variety of sources: traditional naming conventions, gender presentation in photographs, pronouns in signatures, and biographies. Of the 167 exported authors, 162 were included for further analysis in SPSS. Course reserves’ authors were analyzed by collaborators and media type. The dichotomous gender distribution of first authors was 76% male/ 24% female. Female first authors were more likely to have collaborators than male first authors (39% vs 26%). When collaborations did occur, first and second authors had the same gender at a significantly higher rate. Exploring author gender across material type, we found that generally, the first author gender ratio remained 3 males to every female. Contextualizing these results in the framework of contemporary health sciences literature, we found that the gender disparities in course reserves to be unsurprising, while still disappointing.
Green Dada: Avant-Garde Aesthetics and Ecocritical Theory
Authors: Pelcher J. Brandon
Published: September 2024

Ecocritical writer-activists have recently focused on the difficulties of representing climate, its slowly violent changes, and the ways human and more-than-human bodies inter- and intra-act within it. Though contextually dissimilar, various Dadaist aesthetics and praxes are likewise critically engaged with the intersection of deeply complex systems and their violent effects on bodies. I argue that there are useful imbrications, previously unexplored, of the ecocritical theories of slow violence and trans-corporeality in the idiosyncratic aesthetic practices of Dadaism. The Dadaist focus on “making visible” the hypercomplex culpability of ubiquitous and otherwise invisible culture, the implicit critique of traditional visual hegemony within that culture, and Dada’s use of photomontage portraiture to ironically perform the invisible and accretive violence of that culture with representations of human and more-than-human bodies productively align with recent ecocritical theories of slow violence and intra-active trans-corporeality. Dada can then be viewed to have distantly prefigured elements of these ecocritical theories.
Comparison of algorithms for estimating the distance between words for finding similar sentences
Authors: Goncharenko T.D. , Pronina O.I.
Published: September 2024

The article in question delves into the intricacies of a newly developed system designed for the identification of similar sentences. This system operates on the principle of measuring the distance between words, utilizing algorithms that are adept at recognizing inexact matches. Such algorithms are vital as they enable search engines to process queries with a deeper understanding of context. They take into account potential discrepancies or variations in word spellings, a feature that becomes critically important when users employ diverse expressions to convey identical ideas. These algorithms form the backbone of intelligent search engines, equipping them with the ability to grasp the core intent of a query. This ensures the delivery of pertinent results, even when the input is marred by spelling or typographical errors. The software crafted as a result of this development finds its application across a broad spectrum of fields including information retrieval, natural language processing, plagiarism detection, and genomics, to name a few. The methodologies and algorithms highlighted in the article have significant implications in domains that demand a high degree of precision in text interpretation and comparison. In the realm of information search, these algorithms are instrumental in enhancing result quality, offering users more accurate responses to their queries, regardless of the presence of errors in spelling or grammar. In natural language processing, the algorithms play a pivotal role in analyzing and interpreting human language. This capability is fundamental for the development of advanced chatbots, machine translation systems, and intelligent digital assistants. Their application in plagiarism detection is equally noteworthy. Here, the algorithms demonstrate an exceptional ability to ascertain the degree of similarity between texts, a function that holds immense value in academic and research settings. In the field of genomics, these methods are employed for the intricate task of mapping genetic sequences, a vital process in bioinformatics research. In conclusion, the software developed as per the article presents a versatile tool, finding relevance in various scientific and technological arenas. Its ability to conduct a thorough analysis and comprehend textual data is unparalleled, marking a significant advancement in these fields
Development of a web application for houseplants e-commerce shop based on technology stack Laravel + React
Authors: Tuzenko O.A. , Volodin S.I.
Published: September 2024

In this article a current state of art of the web commerce applications is analyzed, especially the applications which can be used to build a web shop to sell flowers and plants were reviewed. The international and Ukrainian experience of building e-commerce projects in current area was analyzed, some specific features of e-commerce traiding of plants goods were highlighted, as well as specific ways to assortment segmenting and sales organization. The web commerce field focused mostly on selling plants and gardening accessories is not too busy in Ukraine. The existing programmatic web solutions are too complex and sometimes are excess for small or middle size project. That’s why current project could be efficient. In current paper the solutions for organization of programming stack for the project are analyzed, also the project’s structure and some features were reviewed. The params based on which the decision about database management system’s choice were made as well as programming language and additional features are separately covered. The main criteria for the development method choice and development approaches were effectiveness because the project belongs to a specific field and its features are to be rationally limited with ability to scale and improve it through time, because of this an important task was to find the balance between rapid development and quality and supportability of the project. Based on the analysis results a stack of popular framework Laravel with supporting technologies was selected one of the key solutions in web store development or any other e-commerce platform is filtering as well as categorizing items. Selling plants is a rather specific field because the params are very different from the usual goods params, for example features of electronics or size and quality for clothes sold in Internet. Filtering requires deep approach to it, starting from corresponding and effective database management system’s choice, constructing entities system and code adaptation on backend and frontend, when the routine tasks as order placement, payment and delivery could have standard approaches. The categories and filters often require and individual solution
Research of text information search methods using the capabilities of the Elastic platform
Authors: Krasnoperov A.V. , Kryvenko O.V. , Levytska T.O.
Published: September 2024

This work is devoted to the analysis and optimization of the application search process using the ElasticSearch software tool. The subject of research is the Elastic platform in the context of data retrieval and analysis. The object is to optimize the search and data analysis process based on this platform. The purpose of this work is to study the possibilities and features of using ElasticSearch to create an effective application search mechanism in large application stores. The main tasks for achieving the goal of the work are defined. Conducted analysis of scientific literature on methods and technologies of data search and analysis based on the Elastic platform. Covers the core components and capabilities of the Elastic platform, including ElasticSearch, Kibana, and LogStash. A comparative analysis of search performance on the Elastic platform and alternative solutions was performed. A test scenario was developed and implemented to evaluate the speed and accuracy of the search using the platform. Implemented service that provides search functionality for applications. The possibilities of integrating the developed service with existing applications and systems for optimal use of its functionality are considered. The developed service was tested using various data sets to confirm its effectiveness and accuracy. The possibilities of scaling and optimization of the developed service for optimal performance when using large volumes of data are determined. The results of using the developed service are compared with similar solutions and conclusions are given regarding its competitiveness. Instructions for using the developed service have been developed and recommendations for its effective implementation in practical scenarios have been provided. The analysis of the obtained results was carried out and conclusions were drawn regarding the effectiveness and practical value of the developed service for solving specific tasks of processing and analyzing large volumes of data using the Elastic platform. Empirical research was conducted using real data sets to evaluate the performance of search on the platform. Explored opportunities to optimize and improve search performance on the platform through configuration and customization. Conclusions are made regarding the effectiveness of search using the Elastic platform and recommendations are provided for its use in specific scenarios
E-commerce application development
Authors: Tuzenko O.A. , Volodin S.I.
Published: September 2024

In the current article a process of designing and building a web-application was researched. The application works as a marketplace, it is a subject of e-commerce which usually does not sell goods or provide services itself, it provides a platform for entrepreneurs, companies and individuals to systematically sell goods, promote and provide services. This software packages use unusual for e-commerce user groups (here not only customers are users, but also merchants and service providers) and a very specific interaction model, which have a different system role, thereby these projects embody business model Customer-to-Customer by solving intermediation and advertisement tasks as well as different tasks related to security and conflicts arbitration. There are a lot of development solutions like this on the market, but most of them have excess feature set, and the biggest ones in addition provide an extremely competitive environment. The marketplace applications have specific architecture because they are to solve various problems and tasks, which are partially out of simple buy-sell deals and funds transactions from the buyer to the merchant. First of all, this platform must provide an environment for interaction, data security, secure transactions, phishing protection, conflict solving framework. Number of functions in the projects of this kind grows extensively, which from one side allows to involve more users with different needs, from other hand it significantly complexes the interaction, and could even make the selling and buying non-effective and non-obvious. A minimalistic approach to the design allowed us to focus on main program features and investigate on this example the main features and principles of current software type. As a main programming stack, a set including PHP+Node.js+MySQL on server side was selected, as a frontend Javascript-based framework Vue was used. On the backend for the development improvement a PHP-framework Laravel was used, which allows to solve most of routine tasks and rather easily create a quality and stable project using REST API approach
Wall. Unique functional properties
Authors: Voloshin V.S.
Published: September 2024

For the first time, attention is drawn to a very common element of many building and other structures designated by the word «wall». Its functions and role in the development of engineering are shown. Its fundamentality as a technical structure in the development of a person and the whole society is shown. We paid attention to the unique properties of this element. They are not only characteristic of the construction of buildings. They make it possible to identify areas intended for the implementation of human functions and needs. The property of the wall to structure the living space of a person according to the functions performed, which has been little studied in the literature, has been noted earlier. In this aspect, an element of buildings and structures – a wall – meets not only the requirements of human life support or safety, but is presented as a factor of socio-economic significance. Представлены технические характеристики обобщенного сооружения – стены. They are compared with the well-known technical regularities of the functioning of other fundamental inventions, such as the lever, the wheel, the hearth, etc. The paper presents the generalizing properties that make these objects extremely relevant for society. They were turning points in its development. The main functions that are provided by such an element as a wall for many systems are presented. Some of these functions are unique and the only possible ones, thanks to the design of a rigid vertical plane in the living space for a person. Dependencies describing the conditions of energy metabolism are presented. Thanks to these dependencies, the main functions of the wall are fulfilled – protection from external energy sources – thermal, acoustic, climatic, informational, etc., as well as the preservation of internal energy in the «wall-dwelling» system. The possibilities and prospects for the development of the wall in modern society are shown
On the issue of adjustment and calculation of navigation depth parameters during route creating
Authors: Petrovskyi A.V. , Isaychev A.G. , Zlobin Y.O.
Published: September 2024

The calculation of the values of navigation depths when planning the preliminary route has a strong influence even on the choice of one or another route, and changing weather conditions sometimes lead to its replacement with an alternative during the execution of the route, which adds to the risk of unexpected situations and the need to solve them in a short time frame. Also, determining the appropriate SENC settings for pre-laying, understanding the essence of the calculated safety parameters regarding navigation depths on ECDIS charts and the accepted values of ECDIS remain relevant due to the large number of involved ECDIS interfaces of different developers. The article deals with the issue of setting up SENC in relation to the previous layout, taking into account the use of various additional overlays: NavTex, AIO, weather maps. The necessity of using text signatures of vector objects, which were previously ignored due to blind trust in vectorization of maps, is shown. The article provides an in-depth interpretation of such vector objects as IDS, which do not change their own scale when changing the scale of the map. The given examples of erroneous interpretation of the Category Zone of Confidence showed the need for additional clarification of the essence of confidence zones and the specifics of using such errors when planning routes. Since the formulas for calculating the values of both UKC (under keel clearance) and Safety Contour have only recommended rules, the article provides information on the use of parameters in these formulas, as well as their interpretation by ECDIS software. The reasons and consequences of the lack of in-depth understanding of safety parameters regarding navigational depths for the route are shown. One of the variants of the Safety Contour and UKC calculation model is proposed, as well as the features of using the Safety Depth parameter. Specifics of using XTD and LDL are given
Methods of neutralization of iron-containing phases in cast aluminum alloys of the Al-Si-Cu system with iron content of up to 1,5 mass. %
Authors: Fon Pruss M.A.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the effectiveness of various modifiers, namely chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), and cobalt (Co), in neutralizing the negative impact of iron on the properties of aluminum alloys in the Al-Si-Cu system by altering the morphology of iron-containing phases. The current advancements in the modification of aluminum alloys are examined, focusing on the influence of these elements on microstructural changes and mechanical properties. An in-depth analysis of the microstructure was conducted, and the optimal concentrations of the modifying elements were identified to achieve enhanced mechanical characteristics. The study highlights that the addition of Cr, Mo, V, or Co facilitates the formation of a fine-grained structure and significantly reduces the size of iron-containing phases to approximately 10 μm. Furthermore, the research elaborates on the thermodynamic interactions between iron and the modifying elements, providing insights into the mechanisms by which these modifiers influence the crystallization process and phase distribution within the alloy. This study opens new avenues for the development of high-performance aluminum alloys with optimized microstructures through precise control of modifier concentrations. The improved alloys exhibit superior mechanical properties, making them suitable for applications in various industrial sectors, including automotive and other industries, where high strength and reliability are critical. Experimental results demonstrate that the strategic addition of Cr, Mo, V, and Co can effectively mitigate the adverse effects of iron inclusions, leading to alloys with enhanced ductility, tensile strength, and overall performance. The findings suggest that these modifiers not only refine the grain structure but also promote a more uniform distribution of phases, thus improving the alloy's resistance to cracking and other forms of mechanical failure. The insights gained from this research provide a valuable foundation for further exploration and optimization of aluminum alloys for high-demand applications, emphasizing the critical role of microstructural engineering in achieving desired material properties
Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of passive and active filters of higher harmonics as part of the electrical complex of metal heat treatment
Authors: Chorna V.O. , Kudryashov O.O.
Published: September 2024

The presence of a nonlinear load connected to the power supply network causes a distortion of the sinusoidal shape of the current and voltage curves, resulting in higher harmonics. Higher harmonics lead to overloading and overheating of equipment, reduced reliability and reduced service life, and can have a negative impact on the quality of electricity. As part of the task of ensuring the reliability of power grids, an important task is to control the level of harmonic components and use special devices to minimize their impact. To combat higher harmonics in power grids, various devices have been developed and used, including line chokes, passive filters, and active filters. The choice of a particular device depends on the parameters of the power grid, the type and characteristics of the connected load, the level of harmonic components, and the requirements for the quality of electricity. Linear chokes are capable of reducing the level of harmonics in the power grid, but, having a number of disadvantages, require additional justification when deciding on their use. A passive filter has a circuit consisting of a choke, resistor, and capacitor, can have different configurations, and is tuned to the frequency of a specific harmonic to suppress its effects. Passive filters are more effective in combating higher harmonics generated by nonlinear noise, more economical and easier to maintain, but have a limited frequency range, fixed parameters and significant weight and dimensions, which limits their use. Active filters include active components to generate signals that are out of phase with harmonic components, thus compensating for higher harmonics. Active filters are more flexible, capable of correcting distorted and shaped signals, are much more efficient than chokes and passive filters, but are less cost-effective and more power-consuming. In the presented work, a passive six-link LC filter and a shunt active filter based on the principle of instantaneous compensation of active and reactive currents are investigated. In the active filter, harmonic distortion compensation is provided by a proportional-integral controller. In this paper, we have carried out simulation modeling of passive and active filters as part of an electrical complex for metal heat treatment and analyzed the results of harmonic distortion compensation
Analysis of the peculiarities of the method of combining an electronic cartographic navigation information system with a ship's radar station
Authors: Kalinichenko Y.V. , Tomchakovsky G.G. , Oberto Santana L.E. , Koliesnik O.V. , Safyan O.S.
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the importance of radar image overlay on the screen of an electronic charting navigation information system (ECNIS) for improving safety and efficiency of navigation. Based on a review of scientific publications and professional literature, the article discusses the technical aspects of the overlay function, its advantages and limitations, and the impact on the decision-making process of a navigator. The overlay of radar information on an electronic navigation chart ensures the integration of planned and actual data on the environment, which contributes to the increase of situational awareness of the navigator. The combination of the systems makes it possible to visually compare radar targets with cartographic objects, clarify the vessel's location, control drift and orientation, and detect navigation hazards. The overlay function is especially valuable when sailing in confined waters and in conditions of limited visibility. At the same time, the use of overlay technology is associated with a number of technical difficulties and limitations related to ensuring the accuracy of overlap, harmonisation of data formats, and synchronisation of information updates. Errors in the operation of positioning systems, direction guidance, and cartography errors can lead to inconsistencies in image layers and incorrect interpretation of the navigation situation. The issues of equipment reliability, display parameters settings, competence and training of navigators are of critical importance. It is emphasised that radar image overlay on ECDIS is an effective tool for improving safety of navigation, but it does not replace traditional navigation practices and does not eliminate the need for critical evaluation of data. Over-reliance on technology, ignoring its limitations and disregard for the principles of good maritime practice can lead to erroneous decisions and have a negative impact on safety. Further prospects for the development of technology can be associated with the improvement of information processing algorithms, optimisation of human-machine interaction, and the development of training methods. The article emphasises the need for an integrated approach combining the improvement of technical systems and the human factor to fully realise the potential of the overlay function in ensuring safety of navigation. Only a balanced use of technological innovations and traditional navigational practices can guarantee the reliability and efficiency of modern navigation
Refinement of the train formation plan calculation model by considering the effect of switchyard stations' workload
Authors: Parkhomenko L.O. , Prokhorov V.M.
Published: September 2024

The article is dedicated to improving the mathematical model for calculating the freight train formation plan (TFP) on the railway network of JSC «Ukrzaliznytsia». The system of organizing freight flows in rail transport is based on strategic planning through TFP, which allows increasing the efficiency of using cars and infrastructure, reducing delays in forming trains, and reducing their transportation time. At the same time, the existing TFP calculation models have certain shortcomings, in particular, the complexity of taking into account the numerous factors that influence the process of train formation. This study proposes a refinement of the TFP mathematical model by including the dependence of wagon-hour costs on the function of the variable utilization factor of technical stations. An automated calculation method developed by one of the authors, based on the application of the mathematical apparatus of genetic algorithms, was used for the calculations. A comparative analysis of the calculation results using the standard and improved models showed that taking into account the impact of station congestion allowed reducing costs by 405.7 wagon-hours, or 3.5% of the total costs for train accumulation and reformatting. The application of the proposed refinement of the TFP model allows the railway operator to obtain more accurate and justified planning results, which will contribute to improving the efficiency of wagon flow management. In addition, the implementation of this approach can serve as the basis for further improving the methods of strategic planning of the transportation process and minimizing the impact of uncertainty factors. The proposed refinement of the TFP calculation model has not only a practical focus, but also represents a theoretical example of the application of an approach aimed at reducing the level of epistemic uncertainty in the management system of the operational work of rail transport. The systematic development and implementation of such approaches creates the basis for mitigating the negative impact of factors that represent sources of other types of uncertainty
Family preparation for recognizing and relieving pain in children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: El Akra Nur Mohamad Ali , Bueno Thaylla Mwryha Maciel , Silva Gabriele Cássia Santos , Nascimento Francisneide Gomes Pego do , Mandetta Myriam Aparecida , Marcheti Maria Angélica
Published: September 2024

O objetivo deste estudo foi refletir sobre a importância do preparo da família para identificar e tratar a dor da criança com deficiência intelectual. Trata-se de artigo de reflexão, em que se discutem o conceito de criança com deficiência intelectual, os instrumentos de avaliação disponíveis na literatura, a dificuldade de a família avaliar e tratar a dor dessas crianças e os pressupostos do Interactional Family Care Model para fundamentar as ações dos enfermeiros. A partir dessa reflexão, abre-se a oportunidade para os profissionais de saúde ampliarem
sua compreensão sobre a complexidade do cuidado de crianças com deficiência intelectual, destacando a importância da avaliação e do alívio da dor; do envolvimento da família em parceria com a equipe e da influência do letramento em saúde para a família promover o melhor cuidado a essas crianças.
Analisis Kebutuhan Pengembangan Buku Ajar Etnobotani Berbasis Sains Keislaman
Authors: Angela Lia
Published: September 2024

Ketersediaan buku ajar merupakan salah satu faktor pendukung keberhasilan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujujan untuk mendeksripsikan kebutuhan mahasiswa Program Studi Tadris Biologi IAIN Kerinci terhadap buku ajar etnobotani. Metode peneltian menggunakan deskriptif eksploratif dengan subjek penelitian yaitu mahasiswa semester enam program studi tadris Biologi IAIN Kerinci sebanyak 30 orang. Mahasiswa yang menjadi subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa yang telah atau sedang menempuh mata kuliah etnobotani. Sampel penelitian diambil secara acak.  Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner dan angket mahasiswa. Adapun teknik analisis data yaitu secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya kebutuhan terhadap pengembangan buku ajar etnobotani berbasis sains keislaman.
Profil Resiliensi Akademik Mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Riau selama pandemi COVID-19
Authors: Muhammad Farhan Ali
Published: September 2024

This study aims to describe the profile of academic resilience of Biology Education University of Riau students during the COVID-19 pandemic. To answer these objectives, this study used a descriptive research design with a quantitative approach and (online) survey method. The sample for this research is all active students who took online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic as many as 76 students. Data was obtained by distributing a modified Academic Resilience Scale (ARS-30) questionnaire randomly (online) to all active batches taking online lectures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the form of an electronic questionnaire (google form). Data analysis by calculating the average (mean) academic resilience of Biology Education University of Riau students in terms of three dimensions of academic resilience, namely the dimensions of persistence, reflection and seeking adaptive assistance, as well as negative impacts and emotional responses. Based on the findings of the researchers, it can be concluded that the academic resilience of Biology Education University of Riau students during the COVID-19 pandemic is relatively high in terms of the dimensions of persistence, reflection and seeking adaptive help, as well as adverse impacts and emotional responses. Further research should look at the academic resilience profile after the COVID-19 pandemic and compare it with the academic resilience profile of biology education students at other universities.
Emotion Detection with AI: Development of Learning Media for Evaluation of Cognitive Load of Prospective Teacher in Genetics Lectures
Authors: Iffa Ichwani Putri  , Adi Rahmat  , Riandi  , Lala Septem Riza
Published: September 2024

This research aims to develop learning media by integrating artificial intelligence (AI) that is able to detect the emotions of prospective teacher during genetics lectures. Using AI technology, this system can evaluate the cognitive load of students in real-time through facial expression analysis. The method used involves collecting data from lecture sessions, which are then analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify cognitive load levels. The results of the study show that this learning media is able to identify students' emotions. This learning media is equipped with accurate emotion detection features, interactive learning materials, and an informative dashboard to monitor student learning progress. The implementation of this technology is expected to improve the quality of learning and help students achieve a better understanding of genetics courses.
Daisy Wheel, Hexfoil, Hexafoil, Rosette
Authors: Lacy Robyn S.
Published: September 2024

The use of protective symbols, also known as apotropaic marks, is often part of folk magic traditions. The symbols appear in homes and churches and on personal items, and even graves, across Europe, Australia, and North America. The most common and well-known of these marks is the hexfoil, otherwise known as the daisy wheel, witch hex, or rosette. Hexfoils have a history of use for personal protection and were both intentionally carved and graffitied into church pews and walls, bed frames, doors, and gravestones. This research sheds light on the use of this historic symbol to protect the bodies and souls of the deceased, across several thousand years and multiple countries.
The change in Baroreflex Regulation of Heart Rhythm after “Dry” Immersion Appears during Orthostasis, but not Lower Body Negative Pressure Test
Authors: Zhedyaev R. Yu. , Tarasova O. S. , Semenov Yu. S. , Borovik A. S. , Vinogradova O. L.
Published: September 2024

The ratio of low-frequency (LF, ~0.1 Hz) waves of RR interval duration (RRI) and systolic blood pressure (SAP) reflects the cardiac baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Gravitational unloading (GU) may alter BRS during the passive orthostatic test (HUT) and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) test. Both effects cause blood redistribution to the lower body, but HUT is accompanied by greater unloading of sinocarotid baroreceptors than LBNP and activation of the vestibulosympathetic reflex but GU effects on BRS in these tests have not been directly compared previously. In this study we tested the hypothesis that the effect of “dry” immersion (DI, on-ground model of GU) on BRS in the same subjects will be more pronounced during HUT than during LBNP, which causes a comparable decrease in stroke volume. Nine healthy men participated in two test sessions (before and after 7-day DI) consisting of five 3-min HUT (65°) and five 3-min LBNP (–35 mmHg) with averaging the parameters in each test. Wavelet analysis was used to determine the amplitude of the RRI and SAP waves in the range of 0.05–0.13 Hz. The amplitude of LF waves of SAP increased in both tests, after DI - more significantly in HUT. The amplitude of LF RRI waves decreased in the two tests; the degree of decrease did not differ between tests and did not change under the influence of DI. The α-coefficient (the ratio of the amplitudes of RRI and SAP LF waves) decreased equally in the two tests before DI, but after DI, the degree of α-coefficient reduction increased in HUT test but did not change in LBNP test. Thus, the effect of DI on BRS is evident in HUT, but not in LBNP, which may be explained by the more pronounced influence of HUT on the mechanisms of neural control of heart rhythm.