bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
behavioral and physiological consequences of overstocking dairy cattle
Authors: Huzzey Julie M. , Von Keyserlingk Marina A. G. , Overton Thomas R.
Published: February 2023

Overstocked group pens continue to be a challenge for many dairy producers. There are many reasons why overstocking may occur, including an unexpectedly busy calving month, too many replacement heifers, or herd expansion before barn expansion. While overstocking may be a short-term solution to a management challenge, a growing body of science demonstrates that overcrowding results in both behavioral and physiological changes that could compromise future performance, productivity and animal welfare. Overstocking interferes with normal behavioral time budgets of dairy cows, disrupting both feeding and lying activity. Aggressive competitive interactions are also more frequent when cows are crowded at the feed bunk or lying stalls, particularly for socially subordinate animals. More recent research has found that overstocking can affect physiological processes, including energy metabolism and glucocorticoid secretion. This research has dramatically improved our understanding of the ways in which overstocking affects dairy cattle health and welfare, and collectively will enable improved science-based recommendations on how best to manage intensively housed dairy cattle.
Understanding copper nutrition in small ruminants
Authors: Van Saun Robert J.
Published: February 2023

The objective of this presentation is to address pertinent aspects of copper metabolism, nutrition, and disease concerns relative to small ruminant feeding programs. Clinical manifestations of copper deficiency are associated with a critical decline in activity of a specific copper-dependent metalloenzyme. Though any disease process may occur in all small ruminant species, there seems to be some species differences in presentation of copper diseases. Goats tend to have greater problems with copper deficiency due to their higher requirements compared to other small ruminants. Copper toxicosis results from the accumulation of copper from the diet culminating in uncontrolled copper ion release from storage and subsequent oxidative damage. Toxicosis is of concern for sheep, llamas, and alpacas and less so for goats, though clinical presentation is not equivalent across the species. All dietary ingredients need to be accounted for in addressing small ruminant dietary copper management in an effort to prevent copper-related disease risks.
Common health challenges for small-scale sheep and goat herds
Authors: Bowen Joan S.
Published: February 2023

A frequent complaint of small-scale sheep and goat producers is the difficulty of finding a veterinarian who is experienced in working with small ruminants. Bovine veterinarians may fill this void because of their extensive experience in nutrition, livestock management practices, routine surgical procedures, and disease control programs. Some of the more common sheep and goat health challenges occurring on small properties include failure to thrive, neonatal contracted tendons, neonatal limb fractures, enterotoxemia, peracute Mannheimia pneumonia, coccidiosis, urolithiasis, pregnancy toxemia, and dystocia. Approaches to treatment of these conditions in sheep and goats that are different from routine treatment in cattle are described.
survey of veterinarians in six states in the US regarding their experience with nursing beef calf respiratory disease
Authors: Woolums Amelia R. , Berghaus Roy D. , Smith David R. , White Brad J. , Engelken Terry J. , Irsik Max B. , Matlik Darin K. , Jones A. Lee , Smith Isaiah J.
Published: February 2023

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the leading cause of death of nursing (preweaned) beef calves ≥ 3 weeks of age; however, little is known about BRD in this population. The objectives of this survey were to describe the characteristics of nursing calf BRD as observed by veterinarians in cow-calf practice and to describe their recommendations for treating and preventing the disease.
Clinical study to assess the level of unconsciousness in cattle fallowing the administration of high doses of xylazine hydrochloride
Authors: Dewell R. D. , Bergamasco L. L. , Kelly C. K. , Shearer J. K. , Dewell G. A.
Published: February 2023

Achieving anesthesia without DEA controlled drugs prior to administration of IV potassium chloride (KCl) is a limiting factor for humane euthanasia. The use of an overdose of xylazine hydrochloride (XH) is thought by some practitioners to induce unconsciousness and is commonly administered prior to IV KCl injection. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of unconsciousness achieved from an overdose of XH in cattle.
Performance of preweaned Holstein calves with bovine respiratory disease treated with either Resflor Gold or Baytril
Authors: Sockett D. C. , Earleywine T. J. , Johnson T. E. , Miller B. L. , Shelton T. A. , Nordstrom S. T.
Published: February 2023

The Land O'Lakes (LOL) Research facility located in Webster City, IA receives 255-260 Holstein bull calves every 2 months from a contract buyer in Wisconsin. The majority of the calves are 4 to 8 days old at arrival. The facility started operations in 197 4, and LOL has conducted nutritional studies on over 50,000 calves since it opened. During the past 15 years, Mycoplasma bovis has reduced both the value and number of saleable calves, primarily because of otitis media and bovine respiratory disease (BRD). A study was initiated to determine milk replacer and calf starter intake, weight gain, feed efficiency, treatment costs, and performance of calves treated for BRD with either Resflor Gold or Baytril, compared with those for calves that were not treated for BRD.
Should we trim heifers pre-calving?
Authors: Gomez A. , Cook N. , Gaska J. , Dopfer D.
Published: February 2023

Functional foot trimming of dairy cows at dry-off to prevent claw lesions during the subsequent lactation is extensively practiced on most modern dairy operations. With increasing frequency, the feet of first-calf heifers are also trimmed in an attempt to achieve adequate conformation of the hoof to accommodate periparturient metabolic changes, minimize the consequences of transitioning to new time budgets, and, sometimes, to adapt to different walking surfaces. Although it is assumed that trimming the feet of heifers prior to calving follows a one-fits-all rule, research on the impact of this practice is lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect that trimming the feet of first-calf heifers prior to parturition has on the incidence of claw lesions during the first lactation.
Alpaca growth curves
Authors: Brown J. L. , Van Saun R. J.
Published: February 2023

Evaluating animal growth characteristics is an effective monitoring tool to assess adequacy of the nutritional program. Growth will be directly influenced post-weaning by the amount and quality of the diet consumed. Early growth is indirectly affected by nutrition through the effect of nutrient supply on maternal milk production. Growth curves have been generated for various species, including llamas, but none exist yet for the alpaca. The objective of this project was to develop standardized growth curves for the alpaca from birth through maturity.
Metagenomic evaluation of the dairy farm environment and facilities for evidence of digital dermatitis-associated bacteria
Authors: Rock C. , Krull A. , Gorden P. , Shearer J. , Plummer P. J.
Published: February 2023

Bovine digital dermatitis is a common polybacterial disease process and a leading cause of lameness in dairy and beef cattle. Mature lesions are associated with a very high abundance of Treponema spp organisms, while developing lesions have a larger diversity with different populations of organisms. This study was designed to utilize 16S-based phylogenomics to evaluate a variety of environmental samples obtained from various areas of a dairy farm for the presence of bacterial organisms associated with digital dermatitis lesions.
Multi-drug residues and antimicrobial resistance patterns in waste milk from dairy farms in Central California
Authors: Tempini P. N. , Aly S. S. , Karle B. M. , Pereira R. V.
Published: February 2023

In the dairy industry, most antimicrobial drugs used to treat lactating cows result in the production of non-saleable milk due to the presence of drug residues above the tolerable concentration established by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). To mitigate the economic loss due to waste milk, 33% of dairy farms in the U.S. feed this milk to pre-weaned calves. Though economically sound, this practice may favor increased selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Currently, there are no reports evaluating the presence and concentration of drug residues in waste milk on California dairies. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to: 1) identify and measure concentrations of antimicrobial residues of waste milk samples from dairy farms in Central California, 2) identify management practices associated with the occurrence of specific antimicrobial residues in waste milk, and 3) characterize the antimicrobial resistance patterns of E. coli cultured from waste milk samples.
Effect of oral calcium bolus supplementation on rumination and activity patterns in early lactation dairy cows
Authors: Jimenez M. B. , McDougald K. A. , Grau K. H. A. , Galvao K. N. , Chebel R. C. , Santos J. E. P. , Risco C. A. , Maunsell F. P.
Published: February 2023

Subclinical hypocalcemia occurs frequently in multiparous dairy cattle during early lactation. Calcium supplements are widely used in an attempt to mitigate the substantial negative effects of subclinical hypocalcemia on health and production. Cows with subclinical hypocalcemia spend less time ruminating than normocalcemic cows. The objective of this study was to determine whether oral supplementation of calcium at calving and 12 h after calving was associated with changes in rumination or activity patterns in multiparous Holstein cows. Our hypothesis was that cows supplemented with oral calcium at calving would spend more time ruminating and have altered activity compared with unsupplemented cows during early lactation.
Superovulation and embryo transfer in Wagyu donors and cross-bred recipients
Authors: Gomes G. C. , Rae D. O. , Block J. , Risco C. A.
Published: February 2023

Embryo Transfer (ET) is a technology applied to accelerate the genetic progress of herds. Research on bovine ET has mainly focused on a few popular breeds, but the extrapolation of those results to less explored breeds might be questionable. The objective of this study was to determine the main factors associated with embryo production in Wagyu embryo donor cows and gestation performance in cross-bred embryo recipients through retrospective data analysis.
Description of the preputial microbiota of bulls using 16S r-DNA profiling
Authors: Koziol J. H. , Yingst S. L. , Ruple A. , Hammac G. K. , Funnell B.
Published: February 2023

Worldwide there is approximately 971 million head of cattle, with 92 million head within the United States alone. The production of cattle is 1 of the most important industries in the United States, accounting for $78.2 billion in cash receipts during 2015. Despite the relevance of cattle economically, many aspects of their reproductive physiology and biology are still relatively unknown. Only recently has the vaginal microbiome been characterized in the cow and ewe, and the microbiota of the male urogenital system has yet to be determined. It is increasingly recognized that studying host-parasite-bacteria-virus complex interactions at mucosal or epithelial surfaces represents an important new paradigm to comprehend the impact, positive and negative, of these interactions on animal health and disease conditions. Therefore the objective of this study was to investigate and define the microbiota of the penis and prepuce of the post-pubertal bull using 16S r-DNA profiling as a proof-of-concept study. By establishing a baseline for the microbiota of pubertal bulls we can then begin to examine how certain disease conditions impact the epithelial surface of the penis and prepuce. The characterization of the urogenital microbiota coupled with knowledge about the immunology of the area can converge to improve our knowledge of how diseases affect the area, with Tritrichomonas foetus being an example.
Practical rules and tools of colostrum management
Authors: Rowntree Jennifer
Published: February 2023

Colostrum management, from administration of dry cow vaccines to harvesting, feeding, and monitoring its success, is a significant opportunity for direct veterinary involvement and oversight on all dairy herds. It is well known there is a critical need for colostrum to provide calories and a source of immunoglobulins for transfer of immunity from dam to her naïve offspring. The purpose of this article is to review practical steps for helping dairy clients achieve these new guidelines, from the dry period to colostrum harvest, feeding, and monitoring colostrum programs.
Adição à Internet e relação com ansiedade, depressão, stress e tempo online em estudantes universitários
Authors: Monteiro Ana Paula , Sousa Manuel , Correia Elisete
Published: February 2023

O presente estudo analisa a relação entre adição à internet, ansiedade, depressão, stress e o tempo recreativo dedicado à internet por dia. Participaram 1050 estudantes universitários portugueses, entre os 17 e os 35 a nos de idade, sendo 633 do sexo feminino e 417 do sexo masculino, aos quais foram aplicados os seguintes instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico, Internet Addition Test (IAT) e a Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS 21). Os resultados indicam que os indivíduos mais adictos à internet apresentam valores mais elevados nas variáveis ansiedade, depressão e stress. O tempo recreativo online apresentou um efeito estatisticamente significativo sobre a adição à internet. Este estudo tem implicações na abordagem dos serviços de saúde das universidades, nomeadamente ao nível da prevenção e intervenção nesta problemática, bem como, destaca a importância de uma gestão adequada das emoções enquanto fator preventivo.
The Global Burden of Viral Food-borne Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad , Salayani Mustafa , Afshari Asma , Kafil Hossein Samadi , Noori Seyyed Mohammad Ali
Published: February 2023

Background:

The objectives of this paper were to determine the overall number of
diseases, deaths, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) caused by viral foodborne diseases
(FBDs). An extensive search scheme was performed using several search terms; disease burden,
foodborne disease, and foodborne viruses.

Methods:

The obtained results were subsequently screened based on title, abstract, and, finally,
full text. Relevant evidence on human food-borne virus diseases (prevalence, morbidity, and mortality)
was selected. Of all viral foodborne diseases, norovirus was the most predominant one.

Results:

The incidence rates of norovirus foodborne diseases ranged from 11 to 2,643 cases in
Asia and from 418 to 9,200,000 in the USA and Europe. Norovirus had a high burden of disease
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) compared with other foodborne diseases. North America
was reported as a country with a high burden of disease (DALYs = 9900) and illness costs.

Discussion:

High variability of prevalence and incidence were observed in different regions and
countries. Food-borne viruses pose a considerable burden on poor health throughout the world.

Conclusion:

We suggest the addition of foodborne viruses to the global burden of disease, and
relevant evidence can be used to improve public health.
Investigating the Antifungal Effect of the Essential Oil of Thymus eriocalyx
on Dominant Filamentous Fungal Agents Isolated from Livestock and
Poultry Feed
Authors: Mohammadi Abdelnasser , Shiravand Sima , Saleh Fatemeh , Yarahmadi Mohammad , Sepahvand Asghar
Published: February 2023

Background:

One of the most important principles in disease control is the health of livestock
and poultry feed. Given the natural growth of Th. eriocalyx in Lorestan province, its essential oil
can be added to the livestock and poultry feed and prevent the growth of the dominant filamentous
fungi.

Objective:

Therefore, this study aimed to identify the dominant moldy fungal agents of livestock and
poultry feed, examine phytochemical compounds and analyze antifungal effects, anti-oxidant properties,
as well as cytotoxicity against human white blood cells in Th. eriocalyx.

Methods:

Sixty samples were collected in 2016. The PCR test was used to amplify ITS1 and ASP1
regions. The analysis of essential oil was conducted by gas chromatography and gas chromatographymass
spectrometry devices. MIC and MFC were performed using the broth micro-dilution method.
For the analysis of DDPH activity, DDPH was used. Cytotoxicity effect on healthy human lymphocytes
was carried out by the MTT method.

Results:

In this study, A. niger, F. verticilloides and F. circinatum, P. oxalicum, and P. chrysogenum
were the most resistant species, and A. oryzae and A. fumigatus, F. prolifratum and F. eqiseti, P.
janthnellum were the most susceptible ones. IC50 value of T. daenensis Celak was 41.33 μg/ml, and
100 μl/ml of the essential oil caused slight cell lysis.

Conclusion:

Considering our results, compared with drugs and chemical additives, essential oils can
be added to livestock and poultry feed to prevent the growth of filamentous fungi in the livestock and
poultry feed.
Thiazole Derivatives as RORγt Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological
Evaluation, and Docking Analysis
Authors: Mishra Isha , Chandra Phool , Sachan Neetu
Published: February 2023

Background:

Cancer is a serious concern in developing countries. Due to various worldwide
impacts, it has surpassed coronary disorders becoming the leading cause of mortality. In cancer progression,
the involvement of RORs (retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptors) has gained attention in
the search for versatile agents. Thiazole has the potential to be used as a scaffold in the development of
anticancer drugs.

Objective:

This work’s major goal was to design and synthesize promising anticancer candidates.

Methods:

Docking investigations concerning the RORγt receptor were utilized in the design of the compounds.
A series of novel thiazole derivatives was synthesized employing Hantsch synthesis. Melting
points, TLC development, and spectral analyses were considered for the synthesized compounds' characterization.
Corresponding spectra were analyzed and determined to be consistent with the assigned structure.
On 60 human cancer cell lines, selected compounds were investigated in vitro by NCI (National
Cancer Institute), USA, for anticancer action.

Results:

Varying ratios of anticancer potential were presented by the compounds in in vitro studies.
Compound 3c was determined to be the most active compound in the series, with a -15.03 mean growth
percent. In silico study revealed that the synthesized compounds could have anticancer possibilities. In the
targeted pdb id (6q7a) binding site, compound 3c demonstrated excellent docking scores in molecular
docking analyses, supporting its ability to be utilized as a lead compound in rational drug design.

Conclusion:

Compounds with satisfactory docking scores within the binding pocket of chosen pdb id
(6q7a) validated their suitability for usage as lead compounds in rational drug design. Outcomes of in
silico investigations were in agreement with the findings of the cytotoxicity experiments. Leukemia, renal,
breast, and lung cancer cell lines were most sensitive to the substance-treated tumor cells. Electronwithdrawing
groups were essential for antiproliferative action, according to the findings.
Potential Roles of Longan as a Natural Remedy with Tremendous
Nutraceutical Values
Authors: Shahrajabian Mohamad Hesam , Sun Wenli
Published: February 2023

Background:

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is a characteristic Sapindaceae fruit
native to China and is a seasonal non-climacteric fruit with unique flavor, rich nutrients, and high
economic value. Longan was used as a traditional Chinese medicine for various purposes, such
as soothing nerves, relieving insomnia and increasing blood metabolism. Longan fruits are alternately
eaten fresh, and they have elegant and sweet-tasting flesh. This fruit can also be processed
to make dried pulp, jam, drinks, wine and canned fruit.

Objective:

The aim of this manuscript is to survey the chemical and natural constituents of longan
and show the importance of longan in both modern and traditional pharmaceutical sciences.

Methods:

The goal of this article was to emphasize the most important benefits and pharmaceutical
advantages of longan. The manuscript consists of randomized control experiments, review
articles, observations and analytical studies, which have been gathered from various sources such
as Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed and Science Direct. A review of the literature was done by
using the keywords such as longan Dimocarpus, longan natural products, traditional Chinese
medicine, and pharmaceutical benefits.

Results:

The most important chemical constituents of the pericarp of longan are friedelin,
friedelanol, (24R)-stigmast-4-en-3-one, β-sitosterol, β-(2-furly) acrylic acid, 6-hydroxy-7-
methoxycoumarin, β-daucosterol, corilagin, gallic acid, heptyl p-hydroxybenzoate, methyl gallate,
4-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-ellagic acid, and ellagic acid. The most notable antioxidant compounds
extracted from longan shells are scopoletin, isovanillin, astragalin, quercetin, β-
phenylethyl alcohol and hyperin. The most important biological properties of longan pericarp are
tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-glycated, anticancer,
memory-increasing impact, and other parameters that have a significant contribution to
human health.

Conclusion:

This review article finds that longan is an excellent source of constituents with beneficial
nutritional and bioactive characteristics. More clinical research may be needed to reveal
the countless substances and their impacts in longan that may affect public health.
An Evaluation of Carbon Nanotube-based and Activated Carbon-based Nanocomposites for Fluoride and Other Pollutant Removal from Water:
A Review
Authors: Bhasin Chandra Prakash , Pathan Amanullakhan , Patel Ruchita V.
Published: February 2023

Water is the most critical component of the earth's ecosystem because it is fundamental to
the survival of plants and animals. However, our water supply is continuously polluting. Removing
contaminants from water is a crucial part of addressing water scarcity and maintaining a healthy ecosystem
for all. This review focuses on adsorption and the CNTs/AC family nano adsorbents and their
contribution to the removal of fluoride and other contaminants. Many types of wastewater treatment
methods have been employed, including precipitation, ion-exchange, adsorption, membrane filtration,
etc. A water technology with great efficiency and low cost, without requiring costly infrastructure, is
the most preferred option due to adsorption. Recently, the application of carbon family nanomaterials
as adsorbents has been prevalent due to their phenomenal surface properties, simple customization,
immense specific surface area, numerous variations in structural type, chemical stability, porosity, low
density, ease of regeneration, and the ability to be reused. Hazardous contaminants, such as fluoride,
generate major public health risks. Water contamination by heavy metals provides a significant health
concern, including an increased chance of getting diseases like cancer, anaemia, carcinogenic effects,
and acute effects in children. The increased presence of fluoride in water could cause fluorosis, joint
pain, severe anaemia, and other problems. The following review focuses on current findings regarding
the utilisation of CNTs and AC nanoparticles in the elimination of harmful contaminants and fluoride.
Evaluation of the properties of AA7020 tubes generated by a heat treatment based hydroforming process
Authors: Reblitz J.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Energy efficiency and sustainability are getting more and more relevant in society and industry. Especially energy-intensive sectors offer a high potential for power savings. Thus, different lightweight strategies are applied in the automotive sector. In this context, high strength profile components are used as crash structures. As an example, these profiles are deployed to protect the battery of electrically powered vehicles. Therefore, high strength aluminum alloys of the 7xxx series are suitable for compensating the high battery weight partly. Compared to steel, this material is characterized by a high strength-to-weight ratio as well as an increased thermal conductivity. However, one challenge in forming high strength aluminum alloys is the limited formability at room temperature. For this purpose, heat treatment based process routes for tube hydroforming are investigated within this research work. By the combination of W-temper forming and hydroforming complex part geometries can be generated. A subsequent artificial ageing process realizes the required high strength of the profiles. Using AA7020 tubes, the properties of a demonstrator geometry are compared to the initial state T6 of the semi-finished parts. For this purpose, the wall thickness distribution and the grain structure are evaluated. Thereby, the influence of forming and heat treatment on the geometrical and microstructural properties is to be analyzed. For the evaluation of the achievable hardening of the aluminum alloy, the mechanical properties are investigated by tensile tests. This investigations provide an assessment of the process route under industry-related conditions.
Numerical and experimental study of high-speed blanking of DC06 steel
Authors: Galiev E.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. In high-speed forming processes, such as electromagnetic forming or adiabatic blanking, the yield stress of the material is influenced by two opposing effects: deformation hardening and thermal softening due to adiabatic heating. In most cases, it is difficult to determine the temperature in the deformation zone in the process, due to closed tools. In this study, the tool for high-speed blanking was modified to access the measuring technique to enable recording the temperature in the deformation zone of a 3 mm thick DC06 steel with a high-speed pyrometer. The experimental results validated numerical calculations in LS-DYNA using the strain rate-dependent plastic model and the GISSMO material damage model. The reached temperatures in the shear zone ranged from 225 °C in case of a cutting punch velocity of 6.15 m/s) to 345 °C in case of a cutting punch velocity of 9.64 m/s. Thus, the study shows that the used numerical model and the damage model have a great potential for the simulation of high-speed blanking processes.
Approach for a sustainable process chain in manufacturing of fasteners for mechanical joining
Authors: Uhe B.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. With regard to environmental protection, the sustainability of production processes is decisive. Mechanical joining technologies like self-piercing riveting are of special importance with regard to realising lightweight constructions in the automotive industry. However, the production of self-piercing rivets is costly, time-consuming and energy-intensive, as the rivets conventionally must be heat treated and coated in order to ensure an adequate strength, ductility and corrosion resistance. Within this paper, it is shown by the example of a newly established rivet manufacturing process how the sustainability of fastener production can be increased. The general approach in this context is the use of alternative, high strain hardening stainless steels as rivet material, which allows the omission of the post treatment of the rivets after forming. The shortening of the process chain enables a more sustainable rivet production. Thus, not only the energy consumption is reduced, but also costs, which is why the novel manufacturing process is also of interest from an economic point of view.
Examination of controlled thermal radiation exchange for the production of tailored properties on press-hardened components
Authors: Reihani A.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Through the development of furnace technologies and tool concepts, partial press hardening has become an established process in the automotive industry for setting tailored properties on press-hardened components. Tailored properties on press-hardened components offer the potential to improve crash performance as well as to facilitate downstream joining processes and mechanical treatments. One approach to adjust these properties through local pre-cooling is based on a special oven chamber with an integrated masking technology, called TemperBox®. The integrated mask protects the blank locally from incident heat radiation and simultaneously absorbs the blank's own radiation. An important parameter during this process is the pre-cooling time in the TemperBox®. The pre-cooling time can influence the phase transformation and the component properties. Therefore, blanks made of the conventional press hardening steel 22MnB5 AS150 are partially precooled in the TemperBox® for different periods of time and the component properties are investigated on the basis of formed hat profiles. In addition, a simulation approach for calculating the heat radiation exchange with the finite element software LS-Dyna® is shown. Based on the simulative and experimental investigations, it is demonstrated that there is a dependency between pre-cooling time and the components properties.
Development of a collaborative online knowledge management system for incremental sheet forming
Authors: Bremen T.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. Incremental sheet forming (ISF) has a high potential to produce individualized products and prototypes or small series from sheet metal. The universal forming tool, as well as the digital process control, in principle, allow a fast realization from design to a finished component. However, a high level of testing and planning is often required to achieve the necessary geometric accuracy. A large number of scientific studies on process parameters and process variants have led to significant progress in the specific studied cases. Nevertheless, this progress can often not be transferred to arbitrary component geometries. Despite the many valuable detailed scientific findings, there is a lack of a holistic overview. The translation of case specific findings to a broad range of real application components is missing. Due to the large number and complexity of process parameters as well as a wide variety of possible component geometries, a systematic collection of knowledge and experience is required. Therefore, this paper describes the development of a web-based database for process data of incremental sheet forming. This database should first of all allow component data and associated process data to be recorded, completely and reproducibly. By sharing the database with a large number of research teams and end users, an intensive exchange of experience can take place systematically and new knowledge can be generated collaboratively.
Development of polygon forming processes for aerospace engineering
Authors: Müller P.
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The focus of this research lays on the further development of the Polygon Forming Technology, which is already successfully used for cold forming components in the aerospace industry. One example is the fuselage shell of the Airbus Beluga XL. According to the current state of the art it is possible to incrementally form large cylindrical or conical fuselage components by Polygon Forming. With the use of so-called infills, the Polygon Forming process can also be used to form components with pockets milled in the initial plane state. The limits of this technology exclude the creation of spherical geometries, such as those used in the front or rear fuselage sections of aircrafts. Presently, such components are produced by more complex stretch forming processes, which result in a considerable amount of scrap. In this work, a tool is developed to replicate the Polygon Forming process on experimental scale at the Institute of Forming Technology and Machines (IFUM) for materials commonly used in aerospace engineering. In addition, a downscaled pre-test tool is developed to investigate different tool geometries for incremental spherical forming inexpensive and easy according to the method of rapid prototyping.
Optimization of triangular-profiled Si-grating fabrication technology for EUV and SXR applications
Authors: Mokhov D. V.  , Berezovskaya T. N.  , Shubina K. Yu.  , Pirogov E. V.  , Nashchekin A. V.  , Sharov V. A.  , Goray L. I.
Published: February 2023

Anisotropic wet etching of vicinal monocrystalline Si (111)4o wafers was used to obtain blazed gratings that are highly efficient in the soft X-ray (SXR) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) applications. An improved experimental technology for the fabrication of triangular-grooved Si gratings, both medium-frequency (250 and 500 mm-1) and high-frequency (2500 mm-1) ones, is presented. The stages of forming a Cr-mask for grooves etching, removing Si nubs in order to smooth the profile, and polishing the surface to reduce nanoroughness have been optimized. This paper describes the way of simultaneously (in one process) obtaining a smoothed triangular profile of the Si grating and a polished surface of facets by wet etching. Keywords: diffraction grating, Si wet etching, triangular groove profile, AFM, SEM.
Coach-Supported Versus Self-guided Digital Training Course for a Problem-solving Psychological Intervention for Nonspecialists: Protocol for a Pre-Post Nested Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mathur Sonal , Weiss Helen A , Neuman Melissa , Field Andy P , Leurent Baptiste , Shetty Tejaswi , J James E , Nair Pooja , Mathews Rhea , Malik Kanika , Michelson Daniel , Patel Vikram
Published: February 2023

Background

Psychosocial interventions delivered by nonspecialists can be effective at reducing common adolescent mental health problems in low-resource settings. However, there is a lack of evidence on resource-efficient methods for building capacity to deliver these interventions.

Objective

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of a digital training (DT) course, delivered in a self-guided format or with coaching, on nonspecialists’ competency to deliver a problem-solving intervention intended for adolescents with common mental health problems in India.

Methods

We will conduct a pre-post study with a nested parallel, 2-arm, individually randomized controlled trial. The study aims to recruit 262 participants, randomized 1:1 to receive either a self-guided DT course or a DT course with weekly individualized coaching provided remotely by telephone. In both arms, the DT will be accessed over 4 to 6 weeks. Participants will be nonspecialists (ie, without prior practice-based training in psychological therapies) recruited from among university students and affiliates of nongovernmental organizations in Delhi and Mumbai, India.

Results

Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 6 weeks post randomization using a knowledge-based competency measure that incorporates a multiple-choice quiz format. The primary hypothesis is that self-guided DT will lead to increased competency scores among novices with no prior experience of delivering psychotherapies. The secondary hypothesis is that digital training with coaching will have an incremental effect on competency scores compared with DT alone. The first participant was enrolled on April 4, 2022.

Conclusions

The study will address an evidence gap on the effectiveness of training methods for nonspecialist providers of adolescent mental health interventions in low-resource settings. The findings from this study will be used to support wider efforts to scale up evidence-based mental health interventions for young people.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05290142; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05290142

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/41981
Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Health Care: Is the Current Food and Drug Administration Regulation Sufficient?
Authors: Mashar Meghavi , Chawla Shreya , Chen Fangyue , Lubwama Baker , Patel Kyle , Kelshiker Mihir A , Bachtiger Patrik , Peters Nicholas S
Published: February 2023

Given the growing use of machine learning (ML) technologies in health care, regulatory bodies face unique challenges in governing their clinical use. Under the regulatory framework of the Food and Drug Administration, approved ML algorithms are practically locked, preventing their adaptation in the ever-changing clinical environment, defeating the unique adaptive trait of ML technology in learning from real-world feedback. At the same time, regulations must enforce a strict level of patient safety to mitigate risk at a systemic level. Given that ML algorithms often support, or at times replace, the role of medical professionals, we have proposed a novel regulatory pathway analogous to the regulation of medical professionals, encompassing the life cycle of an algorithm from inception, development to clinical implementation, and continual clinical adaptation. We then discuss in-depth technical and nontechnical challenges to its implementation and offer potential solutions to unleash the full potential of ML technology in health care while ensuring quality, equity, and safety. References for this article were identified through searches of PubMed with the search terms “Artificial intelligence,” “Machine learning,” and “regulation” from June 25, 2017, until June 25, 2022. Articles were also identified through searches of the reference list of the articles. Only papers published in English were reviewed. The final reference list was generated based on originality and relevance to the broad scope of this paper.
Evaluating the Effects of the Supportive Parenting App on Infant Developmental Outcomes: Longitudinal Study (Preprint)
Authors: Shorey Shefaly , Chong Yap Seng , Shi Luming , Chua Jing Shi ,   Thilagamangai, Mathews Jancy , Lim Siew Hoon , Du Ruochen , Chan Yiong Huak , Tan Thiam Chye , Chee Cornelia , Law Evelyn
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have investigated the various effects of parenting on infant developmental outcomes. In particular, parental stress and social support have been found to significantly affect the growth of the newborn. Although many parents today use mobile apps to obtain more support in parenting and perinatal care, few studies have examined how these apps could affect infant development.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the Supportive Parenting App (SPA) in improving infant developmental outcomes during the perinatal period.

METHODS

This study adopted a 2-group parallel prospective longitudinal design and recruited 200 infants and their parents (N=400 mothers and fathers). The parents were recruited at 24 weeks of gestation for a randomized controlled trial conducted from February 2020 to July 2022. They were randomly allocated to either the intervention or control group. The infant outcome measures included cognition, language, motor skills, and social-emotional development. Data were collected from the infants when they were aged 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months. Linear and modified Poisson regressions were used to analyze the data to examine between- and within-group changes.

RESULTS

At 9 and 12 months post partum, the infants in the intervention group were found to have better communication and language skills than those in the control group. An analysis of motor development revealed that a larger proportion of the infants in the control group fell under the at-risk category, where they scored approximately 2 SDs below the normative scores. The control group infants scored higher on the problem solving domain at 6 months post partum. However, at 12 months postpartum, the infants in the intervention group performed better on cognitive tasks than those in the control group. Despite not being statistically significant, the intervention group infants were found to have consistently scored better on the social components of the questionnaires than the control group infants.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, the infants whose parents had received the SPA intervention tended to fare better in most developmental outcome measures than those whose parents had received standard care only. The findings of this study suggest that the SPA intervention exerted positive effects on the communication, cognition, motor, and socioemotional development of the infants. Further research is needed to improve the content and support provided by the intervention to maximize the benefits gained by infants and their parents.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04706442; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04706442
An Intensive Exercise Program Using a Technology-Enriched Rehabilitation Gym for the Recovery of Function in People With Chronic Stroke: Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kerr Andy , Keogh Maisie , Slachetka Milena , Grealy Madeleine , Rowe Philip
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Rehabilitation improves poststroke recovery with greater effect for many when applied intensively within enriched environments. The failure of health care providers to achieve minimum recommendations for rehabilitation motivated the development of a technology-enriched rehabilitation gym (TERG) that enables individuals under supervision to perform high-intensity self-managed exercises safely in an enriched environment.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the TERG approach and gather preliminary evidence of its effect for future research.

METHODS

This feasibility study recruited people well enough to exercise but living with motor impairment following a stroke at least 12 months previously. Following assessment, an 8-week exercise program using a TERG (eg, virtual reality treadmills, power-assisted equipment, balance trainers, and upper limb training systems) was structured in partnership with participants. The feasibility was assessed through recruitment, retention, and adherence rates along with participant interviews. Effect sizes were calculated from the mean change in standard outcome measures.

RESULTS

In total, 70 individuals registered interest, the first 50 were invited for assessment, 39 attended, and 31 were eligible and consented. Following a pilot study (n=5), 26 individuals (mean age 60.4, SD 13.3 years; mean 39.0, SD 29.2 months post stroke; n=17 males; n=10 with aphasia) were recruited to a feasibility study, which 25 individuals completed. Participants attended an average of 18.7 (SD 6.2) sessions with an 82% attendance rate. Reasons for nonattendance related to personal life, illness, weather, care, and transport. In total, 19 adverse events were reported: muscle or joint pain, fatigue, dizziness, and viral illness, all resolved within a week. Participants found the TERG program to be a positive experience with the equipment highly usable albeit with some need for individual tailoring to accommodate body shape and impairment. The inclusion of performance feedback and gamification was well received. Mean improvements in outcome measures were recorded across all domains with low to medium effect sizes.

CONCLUSIONS

This study assessed the feasibility of a holistic technology-based solution to the gap between stroke rehabilitation recommendations and provision. The results clearly demonstrate a rehabilitation program delivered through a TERG is feasible in terms of recruitment, retention, adherence, and user acceptability and may lead to considerable improvement in function, even in a chronic stroke population.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-doi.org/10.3389/fresc.2021.820929
PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE OF TETRAPRENYLTOLUQUINONE AFTER SINGLE-DOSE ORAL ADMINISTRATION IN MALE MICE
Authors: SUSANTI MERI , FRAWIRA REZA YUDA , DACHRIYANUS  , WAHYUNI FATMA SRI
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of this study to investigate pharmacokinetic profile of tetraprenyltoluquinone (TPTQ) in male mice’s blood plasma.

Methods: A single dose of 800 mg/kg carried by Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) was given orally where VCO only also administered as a control. Bloods were collected from vena jugularis after 0, ½, ¾, 1, 1½, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The TPTQ levels in plasma were analyzed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) following pre-treatment to induce protein precipitation.

Results: The formed pharmacokinetic profile follows the two-compartment model where TPTQ levels increase during the absorption phase and form a biphasic pattern after it decrease. The results showed the pharmacokinetic parameters had Cmax value of 154.92±19.55 µg/ml at tmax of 1.117 h with AUC0-∞ of 1067.59 µg. h/ml. Other parameters were also obtained such as ka = 1.448±0.17 h-1, α = 0.511±0.07 h-1, ke = 0.057±0.02 h-1, t½ absorption = 0.483±0.05 h, t½ elimination = 12.131±0.55 h, Vd/F = 5284.79±629.49 ml, dan Cl/F = 751.84±53.85 ml/h.

Conclusion: The pharmacokinetic profile of TPTQ administered orally show that TPTQ absorbed rapidly, eliminated slowly, and also distributed to peripheral tissues.
AUTHENTICATION OF RATTUS NORVEGICUS FAT AND OTHER ANIMAL FATS USING GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS) AND PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA)
Authors: LESTARI DWI , SYAMSUL EKA SISWANTO , WIRNAWATI  , SYOFYAN SYOFYAN , ROHMAN ABDUL , HAMIDI DACHRIYANUS
Published: February 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze fatty acids using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with chemometric Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the authentication of Rattus norvegicus fat from other animal fats.

Methods: Extraction of fat from raw meat of Rattus norvegicus, beef, chicken, pork, and dogs using the Bligh Dyer method, then derivatized with 0.2 N NaOCH3, precipitation of sodium glycerol was carried out by adding saturated NaCl to obtain methyl esters which were then injected into the GC-MS instrument. The GC-MS data were then processed using chemometric Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to group Rattus norvegicus fat with other animal fats (beef, chicken, pork, and dog).

Results: The results of the study revealed that fatty acids in Rattus norvegicus using GC-MS produced eleven types of fatty acids, namely: Lauric acid (1,1%), Myristic acid (1,15%), Palmitic acid (21,12%), Palmitoleic acid (2,06%), Stearic acid (8,23%), Vaccenic acid (2,43%), Oleic acid (26,51%), Linoleic acid (19,19%), Arachidic acid (0,09%), and Eucosatrienoic acid (0,39%). Chemometrics Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of Rattus norvegicus fat allows it to be classified with other animal fats.

Conclusion: The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method, in combination with chemometric Principal Component Analysis (PCA), offered effective tools for the authentication of fatty acid of Rattus norvegicus.