bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between free sugars intake and early psychopathological problems
Authors: Voltas Núria , Jardí Cristina , Hernández-Martínez Carmen , Arija Victoria , Canals Josefa
Published: October 2022

Mental health problems are highly prevalent in childhood and adolescence and may be associated with nutritional intake. It has recently been shown that a high percentage of infants and children consume large amounts of free sugars. In this paper, we analyse the relationship between free sugar consumption at 12 and 30 months and the risk of developing psychological problems at 30 months in a community sample of 86 children evaluated longitudinally. Socio-family and anthropometric data, and the amount of free sugars consumed were collected at both ages. At 30 months, the Child Behavior Checklist 1.5–5 was administered to parents and an interview was conducted to identify psychological disorders in accordance with DC: 0–3’s classification. We report a relationship between high free sugar consumption at 30 months and the concurrent presence of sleeping problems, ADHD and anxiety symptoms. However, no significant association was observed between free sugar consumption at 12 months and the subsequent development of psychological problems. Early detection of emotional and behavioural manifestations and high sugar consumption in children may help to prevent the persistence of psychological problems.
Integrated design for the forming process and structural performance of variable-thickness laminates
Authors: Lv Tiantong , Wang Dengfeng , Du Xuejing
Published: October 2022

The manufacturing process of composite laminated parts has a significant influence on the final performance, especially since the draping process can change the predefined fiber orientation at local sites. With the maturing of draping-process simulation technology, an integrated structure–process–performance design has become possible. This article reports a computational framework for the integrated design of the draping process and structural performance of variable-thickness (VT) laminates. The framework is a two-loop optimization workflow. Specifically, a genetic draping optimization method features the inner optimization loop to find the optimal draping strategy and obtain the resulting fiber orientations and manufacturing layout. Structural performance optimization outlines the outer optimization loop, where a parametric method for the physical configuration of VT laminates is proposed to evaluate the structural performance considering the draping strategy. The entire framework is demonstrated by an automotive B-pillar reinforcement. The benefits of incorporating the draping design versus no draping design are illustrated by comparing the corresponding design results. The comparison results show that the integrated design not only contributes to pretreating manufacturing defects but also allows the use of reoriented fiber directions caused by draping to improve the mechanical properties and engage the load bearing. It thus achieves a further weight reduction of 18.63%. This framework facilitates resource-friendly process design, comprehensive performance evaluation, and structurally efficient laminate design.
Trusts on the monsoon winds: Parsi transnational religious philanthropy
Authors: Vevaina Leilah
Published: October 2022

Trade brought the Parsis to Hong Kong and a small group remained and settled after the British took over the island in 1841. Profits from the China trade made millionaires of several of Bombay’s ‘illustrious’ philanthropists and helped to build some of this city’s founding infrastructure. The ties between the two colonial ports were never severed, and recent years have seen a resurgence of funds transferred from Parsi charitable trusts in Hong Kong back to Mumbai and other settlements in India. Unlike the profits from individuals, these funds are funneled through charitable trusts. This article will articulate a transregional Indian Ocean world that is formed not only through the movement of people and goods, but by community giving and city building, through the temporal giving of the trust. It will show how this historical and contemporary giving has become an idiom of transnational placemaking between these two port cities.
Bringing Counseling to the Classroom: Embedded Counseling and Student Outcomes in Community College ESOL Programs
Authors: Ngo Federick , Lee David
Published: October 2022

Increased and targeted counseling and advising may be an effective way to support English learner students enrolled in programs for English for Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL). This study examines ESOL student outcomes after an embedded counseling intervention in which college counselors repeatedly visited ESOL course sections to discuss academic options and introduce students to campus resources and support. Matching analyses comparing demographically and academically similar students who did and did not have exposure to the embedded counseling intervention indicate positive relationships between counselor contact and persistence outcomes, but not academic achievement outcomes. ESOL students who received embedded counseling were significantly more likely to return and re-enroll in subsequent ESOL courses than those who did not have this exposure. Since embedded counseling may have helped students feel more connected to and supported by the college, the results suggest counselor contact may be critical for the retention and persistence of students in ESOL programs.
Are Voter Rolls Suitable Sampling Frames for Household Surveys? Evidence from India
Authors: Joshi Ruchika , McManus Jeffery , Nagpal Karan , Fraker Andrew
Published: October 2022

We examine the use of publicly available voter rolls for household survey sampling as an alternative to household listings or field-based sampling methods. Using voter rolls for sampling can save most of the cost of constructing a sampling frame relative to a household listing, but there is limited evidence about their accuracy and completeness. We conducted a household listing in 13 polling stations in India comprising 2,416 households across four states and compared the listing to voter rolls for the same polling stations. We show that voter rolls include 91% of the households found in the household listing. We conduct simulations to show that sampling from voter rolls produces estimates of household-level economic variables with minimal bias. These results suggest that voter rolls may be suitable for constructing household sampling frames, particularly in rural India.
The Association between Lifestyle Risk Factors and COVID-19 Hospitalization in a Healthcare Institution
Authors: Reis Wenes Pereira , Moses Olivia , Oh Jisoo , Wilson April , Gaio Josileide , Dos Santos Hildemar
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 is an acute infectious respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a subtype of the coronavirus. In addition to normal levels of biometric measures, a healthy lifestyle has been considered an indispensable element in preventing complications of coronavirus infection. Demographic characteristics are also critical in determining risk levels. Aim: Investigate potential significant associations between health behaviors, biometric screenings, demographics, and COVID-19 hospitalization in Loma Linda University Health employees. Methods: Participants are employees covered under the employer-sponsored health plan at Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, who tested positive for COVID-19. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze demographics, biometric screenings, and lifestyle factors associated with COVID-19 hospitalization. In our study, 7% of participants required hospitalization. Variables independently associated with COVID-19 hospitalization included higher age (OR = 1.05 [1.01–1.08], P = .005), non-White race compared to the White race (OR = 3.2 [1.22–8.38], P = .018), higher HbA1C levels showing a marginal association (OR = 1.31 [.99–1.72], P = .057), and lower vegetable consumption (OR = 4.39 [2.06–9.40], P < .001). Lower protein consumption decreased the Odds of hospitalization (OR = .40 [.19–.87], P = .021). Our results suggest that a diet that includes more vegetables and lower protein may confer some protection against COVID-19 hospitalization.
Accuracy of CT perfusion-predicted core in the late window
Authors: Vidovich Johnathan , Voleti Sriharsha , Zhang Bin , Stephens Cody , Sriwastwa Aakanksha , Aziz Yasmin , Corcoran Brendan , Khandwala Vivek , Mistry Eva , Khatri Pooja , Wang Lily L , Vagal Achala
Published: October 2022

Background and Purpose

Recent endovascular trials have spurred a paradigm shift toward routine use of CT perfusion (CTP) for decision-making in acute ischemic stroke. CTP use in the late window, however, remains under evaluation. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of CTP-predicted core in the late window.

Methods

In a retrospective review of our prospectively identified stroke registry at a single, comprehensive stroke center, we included patients with anterior large vessel occlusions presenting within the 6-24 h window who underwent baseline CTP evaluation and achieved TICI2b or TICI3 reperfusion on endovascular treatment. We recorded baseline CTP-predicted core volumes at relative cerebral blood flow (CBF) thresholds of <30% <34%, and <38% using RAPID software. Final infarct volumes (FIV) were calculated using follow up MRI and CT, obtained within 72 h after stroke onset.

Results

Of the eligible patients, 134 met our inclusion criteria. Mean FIV was 39.5 (SD 49.6). Median CTP to reperfusion time was 93.5 min. Median absolute differences between CTP-predicted core and FIV were 14.7, 14.9, and 16.0 ml at <30%, <34%, and <38%, respectively. Correlation between CTP-predicted ischemic cores and FIV was moderate and statistically significant at all thresholds: r = 0.43 (p <0.001), r = 0.43 (p <0.001), and r = 0.42 (p <0.001) at the <30%, <34%, and <38% cutoffs, respectively.

Conclusion

CTP cores in the 6–24 h period underestimate FIV, especially with larger infarcts. CTP-predicted core volumes in the late window show moderate positive correlation with FIV.
Repeated mechanical thrombectomy for recurrent large vessel occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Elfil Mohamed , Bahbah Eshak I , Bayoumi Ahmed , Aladawi Mohammad , Eldokmak Mohamed , Salem Mohamed M , Aboutaleb Pakinam E , Villafuerte-Trisolini Brian , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , A Gonzalez-Castellon Marco
Published: October 2022

Background

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard treatment for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO). Recurrent LVO can still occur in patients who already underwent MT for the first LVO. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of repeating MT for recurrent LVO.

Methods

This meta-analysis of the available literature was conducted to summarize the current evidence regarding repeated MT outcomes in patients with recurrent LVO. All studies with ≥ 1 outcomes of interest were included. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used for risk of bias assessment.

Results

Twenty studies, 10 observational (n = 21,251 patients) and 10 case reports (n = 10 patients), were included. 266 patients (62.78% females) with recurrent LVO were identified, with an overall prevalence of 1.6% and a mean age of 65.67 ± 16.23 years. Cardio-embolism was the most common mechanism in both times, with a median of 15 days between the first and second LVOs. Compared with pre-intervention, the first and second MTs significantly reduced the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, (mean difference (MD) = −8.91) and (MD = −5.97) respectively, with a significant difference (p = 0.001). The rate of favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 0–3) was 82.6% and 59.2% after the first and second MTs respectively, with a significant difference (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

In properly selected recurrent LVO patients, repeated MT is efficacious and safe. A prior MT procedure should not discourage aggressive treatment as many patients may achieve favorable outcomes.
Building Thermal Insulation—Biodegradable Sugarcane and Coconut Fiber
Authors: Manohar Krishpersad , Yarbrough David W. , Kochhar Gurmohan S.
Published: October 2022

Apparent thermal conductivity, Λ, measurements were conducted on sugarcane and coconut fiber specimens using LaserComp “FOX 304” and Holometrix “Rapid-k” heat-flow meters. Both heat-flow meters were built and operated in accordance with ASTM C 518. The Λ measurements for sugarcane and coconut fiber were investigated over the density ranges 70 to 120 kg/m3 and 40 to 90 kg/m3 over the mean test temperature ranges 18 to 32°C and 13.2 to 21.8°C, respectively.

The experimental results for sugarcane and coconut fiber indicated the general trend associated with that of loose-fill thermal insulation. Using the Method of Least Squares, empirical relationships for calculating Λ. as a function of temperature and density for sugarcane and coconut fiber were developed. The percentage deviation of the measured apparent thermal conductivities from the empirical relation ships was less than ±3% for both sugarcane and coconut fiber.

The results indicated that sugarcane and coconut fiber show minimum Λ at 100 kg/m3 and 80 kg/m3, respectively. The minimum Λ vary with temperature and ranged from 0.046 W/m.K to 0.049 W/m·K and 0.048 W/m·K to 0.049 W/m·K, respectively. The minimum apparent thermal conductivities of both sugarcane and coconut fiber are within the range of those normally associated with building thermal insulation.
Effects of Moisture Migration in Insulations under Hot and Humid Conditions
Authors: Wijeysundera N. E.
Published: October 2022

The effects of moisture gain by fibre glass insulation slabs were investigated experimentally by exposing one face of the slabs to a hot and humid ambient while maintaining the other face at a constant cold temperature. The temperature ranges considered for the hot and cold sides of the slabs were 36°C to 41°C and 8.5°C to 20.8°C, respectively. The slab thicknesses ranged from 62 to 76 mm. The variation of the heat flux at the cold surface, the temperature distribution, the total moisture gain and the liquid content distribution were measured over a period of up to 600 hours. One-dimensional transport models with liquid content dependent physical properties were used to interpret the experimental data. The heat flux at the cold face increased gradually with time while the temperature distribution across the slabs showed a maximum fluctuation of about 2°C. The rate of total moisture gain was nearly constant initially, but decreased gradually with time. The measured liquid content distribution across the slabs was highly nonuniform. The computational model predicted the heat flux and the temperature distribution well but overestimated the total moisture gain at longer times. The model predicted a more uniform liquid distribution than that measured experimentally.
Adverse events and contradictory effects of benzodiazepine in a case with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour
Authors: Elbing Ulrich , Appelbaum Sebastian , Ostermann Thomas
Published: October 2022

This study aims to contribute to the knowledge about lacking or contradictory effects of benzodiazepine on hyperaroused or aggressive behaviour in persons with intellectual disability (ID). We conducted a retrospective and natural case study in a person with mild ID and multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACE), using routine diary data consisting of 275 days including 113 consecutive days under benzodiazepine medication. The medication effects were documented as “calm / relaxed”, “fretful / distressed” and “sleep / doze”. Transitions between these were modelled using Markov chains. Differences in transitions were analysed using Chi-Square test for homogeneity. The results show a significantly reduced stability of mood and increased distressed behaviour under benzodiazepine. This is in line with reports about the effects of psychotropic medication in patients with ID and challenging behaviour. Besides other influences on unexpected medication effects, a possible dissociative identity disorder is discussed as an additional explanation.
The challenges of mental health of staff working with people with intellectual disabilities during COVID-19––A systematic review
Authors: Chen Yaohua , Allen Andrew P. , Fallon Marianne , Mulryan Niamh , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , Sheerin Fintan
Published: October 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a great risk to the mental health of health workers (HWs). There are likely to be particular concerns for staff working with adults with an intellectual disability, where infection control may be more challenging.

Method

We conducted a systematic review of original research examining the mental health of HWs working with people with intellectual disability, published between March 2020 and July 2021.

Results

Five original research studies were included. A high proportion of HWs working with people with intellectual disability reported having had poor mental health including stress, anxiety, and depression. This manifested in similar patterns as for other HWs and also some specific patterns seen as the need to manage increased rates of mental health issues of the people they support. Sources of support and resilience were also identified.

Conclusion

The support system should target risk factors, answer unmet needs, and build resilience. More research is also required on the ongoing and long-term effects.
Speech and language therapy for children
Authors: Walton Jenny
Published: October 2022

A child’s progression through developmental milestones such as crawling, walking and talking is often the source of much wonder and pride, but when development seems slower than that of their peers, it can cause a huge amount of worry to parents and caregivers. Although children broadly follow a known timeline of development, many will fall outside of what is considered to be the average. Speech and language therapists are allied health professionals trained to support these children and their families in achieving their developmental potential in speech, language, communication and swallowing. This article explores the role of speech and language therapy and describes some of the approaches used in the management of different children.
A prospective, open-label, multicenter phase IV clinical trial on the safety and efficacy of lobaplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Yan Min , Yuan Peng , Ouyang Quchang , Cheng Ying , Han Guohui , Wang Dewei , Ran Li , Sun Tao , Zhao Da , Bai Yuju , Yang Shun’e , Wang Xiaojia , Wu Rong , Zeng Xiaohua , Yao Herui , Ji Xuening , Jiang Jun , Hu Xiaohua , Lin Haifeng , Zheng Liping , Zhu Zhitu , Ge Wei , Yang Junlan , Cui Tongjian , Zhang Xiaozhi , Lu Fangyang , Li Wenhui , Xu Hongyan , Kang Mafei , Gong Ping , Zou Liqun , Liu Jiang , Zhang Hongliang , Yu Hao , Xu Binghe
Published: October 2022

Background:

Since lobaplatin (LBP) has been approved to treat metastatic breast cancer in China, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LBP-based chemotherapy in clinical practice.

Methods:

This trial was a prospective, open-label, multicenter phase IV clinical trial that enrolled patients with unresectable locally advanced or recurrent/metastatic breast cancer from 34 sites between July 2013 and March 2017. Patients were treated with LBP monotherapy or in combination for four to six cycles. The primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR).

Results:

A total of 1179 patients were analyzed; 59 (5.0%) were treated with LBP alone, 134 (11.4%) with LBP plus paclitaxel, 263 (22.3%) with LBP plus docetaxel, 237 (20.1%) with LBP plus gemcitabine, 403 (34.2%) with LBP plus vinorelbine, and 83 (7.0%) with other LBP-based regimens. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was 95.2%, and 57.9% of patients had grade >3 AEs. The most common grade >3 AEs were neutropenia (43.9%), leukopenia (39.4%), anemia (17.8%), and thrombopenia (17.7%). LBP monotherapy showed the lowest incidence of grade >3 AEs (39.0%), followed by LBP plus docetaxel (52.9%), LBP plus paclitaxel (59.0%), LBP plus vinorelbine (62.5%), and LBP plus gemcitabine (62.9%). The ORR and DCR were 36.8 and 77.0%, respectively. The median PFS was 5.5 months (95% confidence interval: 5.2–5.9).

Conclusion:

LBP-based chemotherapy shows favorable efficacy in patients with advanced breast cancer, with manageable safety profile.

Trial registration:

This trial was registered with ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR-ONC-13003471.
Iran’s Foreign Policy toward Tajikistan: Exploring the Effective Factors
Authors: Karimi Mahdi , Osuli Odlu Qasem
Published: October 2022

After the independence of the Central Asian (CA) republics, Iran has tried to develop its relations with these sates, especially with Tajikistan. The development of bilateral relations between Iran and Tajikistan has been very important for both sides. But after nearly 30 years of political relations between Iran and Tajikistan, bilateral relations have not developed much and have faced numerous limitations. By adopting Rosenau’s theory, the current study aims at investigating Iran’s foreign policy (FP) toward Tajikistan and the factors influencing the bilateral relations between the two countries. The present paper argues that societal, governmental, idiosyncratic, and role variables, respectively, have hindered the development of bilateral relations between Iran and Tajikistan. Finally, systemic variables have had the least influence on Iran’s relations with Tajikistan, and the results show that the U.S. and its sanctions have had insignificant effect on Iran–Tajikistan bilateral relations, and in terms of the systemic variables, Iran has faced more opposition from China than any other country in the development of relations with Tajikistan.
Providing Positive Individuating Information to Reduce Stereotype-Based Negativity in Service Encounters
Authors: Smith Nicholas A. , Martinez Larry , Xu Shi (Tracy) , Waterbury Christopher J.
Published: October 2022

With the increasingly diverse workforce in the hospitality and tourism industry, it is imperative to identify strategies to reduce biases in the workplace. Across two studies, we examined the utility of providing individual-level positive individuating information as a strategy to combat customers’ stereotypes in service encounters. In Study 1, we explored the effectiveness of providing either positive stereotypical or counter-stereotypical individuating information to remediate negative perceptions toward older workers in an experimental vignette study using a hypothetical customer service encounter. In Study 2, we demonstrated the robustness of this technique with a group that has opposing stereotypes compared with older workers (Asian adults). Across these two studies, we found that providing positive counter-stereotypical individuating information most strongly affected customers’ satisfaction ratings of employees by boosting positive counter-stereotypical perceptions of both older and Asian targets. We discuss the implications of our study along with possible future research related to individual-level strategies to reduce workplace discrimination.
Greening Keynes? Productivist lineages of the Green New Deal
Authors: Green Jeremy
Published: October 2022

Climate change has propelled the Green New Deal to prominence as a strategy for greening the economy. This article interrogates the Green New Deal’s coherence and suitability as a response to ecological crisis. Retracing the intellectual lineages of New Deal-era economic thought, the article reveals a common Keynesian inheritance of productivist preoccupations with full employment, rising income and productivity, that links Green New Deal proposals with their New Deal progenitors. This Keynesian inheritance generates internal inconsistencies within Green New Deal proposals, undermining their coherence and suitability as visions of green transition. Green New Deal proponents seek a political economy that respects ecological limits but they rationalize and legitimate their visions of green transition through a Keynesian commitment to a virtuous circle of rising investment, full employment, increasing income, and economic growth. This Keynesian inheritance is both premised on the denial of ecological limits and tarnished by its historical association with environmental destruction. Outlining an alternative approach, the article revisits the methodological historicism of New Deal-era economic thinking as a guide for redefining strategies of green transition. Drawing on Keynes’s reflections on the historical impermanence of the ‘economic problem’ and mapping contemporary institutional dynamics, the article proposes a more consistent, transformative, and radical rupture from incumbent macro-economic imaginaries
Modeling the Nonlinearities Between Coaching Leadership and Turnover Intention by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Bang Won Seok , Hoan Wee Kuk , Park Ju Young , Reddy Nagireddy gari Subba
Published: October 2022

This present work uses artificial neural networks (ANNs) to examine the association between various dimensions of coaching leadership and turnover Intention. The coaching leadership data were collected from 194 employees across multiple schools in Korea. The ANN models are capable of higher predictive accuracy than conventional linear regression analysis. An individual ANN software was developed to predict and evaluate the relative importance of input variables on turnover intention. Furthermore, we identified the nonlinear relationship by performing a sensitivity analysis on the model. Based on the results, we concluded that coaching leadership strongly affects teachers’ attitudes toward not leaving their school. The graphical illustration of results provided strong evidence of nonlinear and complexity, suggesting that ANN models can recognize the relationship between coaching leadership dimensions with turnover Intention.
Health systems in the European Union and policy responses to Covid-19: A comparative analysis between Germany, Sweden, and Greece
Authors: Tsalampouni Aikaterini
Published: October 2022

Background:

Existing health systems are a product of, and are influenced by, specific political, historical, cultural, and socio-economic traditions. Consequently, they may differ considerably across countries. The pandemic has become a turning point for our healthcare systems and at the same time has also highlighted the need to strengthen the EU’s role in coordinating health care. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the health care systems in three EU countries—Germany, Sweden, and Greece—that represent three different health care system types in Europe as well as their health policy response, to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and methods:

More analytically, the paper attempts to identify indications of interaction between heath care system types and national responses in the health crisis, using data collected from the COVID-19 Health Systems Response Monitor, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Politics as well as the OECD health system characteristics database and national health legislation.

Results:

The investigation revealed some common responses in all three systems. During the pandemic, in all three health care systems a new model is revealed where the private and the public sector coexist and is characterized by the dynamic state-market relationship. As a result a multilevel approach in health policy, combining national, sub-national, and supranational action is again in the foreground.

Conclusions:

The paper concludes by articulating some remarks regarding health policy during the pandemic, as well as the European health systems transformation and the importance of maintaining a strong welfare state in Europe.
Reliability of MRI Detection of Kaplan Fiber Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients with ACL Tears
Authors: Shi Brendan Y. , Levine Benjamin , Ghazikhanian Varand , Bugarin Amador , Schroeder Grant , Wu Shannon , Kremen Thomas , Jones Kristofer
Published: October 2022

Background:

While studies have described Kaplan fiber (KF) injury in up to 60% of adults with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears, the incidence of KF injury in the pediatric and adolescent population remains unknown.

Purpose:

To (1) determine the reliability of using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify KF injury in the pediatric and adolescent population and (2) define the incidence of KF injury in these patients with acute ACL injuries.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The authors retrospectively identified patients ≤18 years of age who underwent ACL reconstruction for acute tears between 2013 and 2020. All preoperative MRI scans were reviewed independently and in a blinded fashion by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists, who noted the presence of the KF complex and any evidence of injury; interrater reliability was assessed. Patient characteristics, time from injury to MRI, laterality, and concomitant ligamentous or meniscal injuries were recorded, and associations between patient or injury characteristics and KF integrity on MRI were assessed.

Results:

In total, 51 patients (mean age, 14.9 years) met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 27 patients were female and 31 sustained an injury to the right knee. With respect to KF integrity, radiologist 1 visualized KF injury in 29% of patients, while radiologist 2 visualized KF injury in 35% of patients. In 12% of cases for radiologist 1 and 6% of cases for radiologist 2, KFs were unable to be visualized at all. The overall percentage agreement between the 2 radiologists was 76.5% with a kappa statistic of 0.57 (moderate agreement). There were no significant associations found between the presence of KF injury and patient age, sex, laterality, body mass index, concomitant ligamentous injury, or meniscal injury. However, visualization of KF injury on MRI was associated with a shorter time from index injury to MRI (15 days vs 23 days; P = .044).

Conclusion:

Approximately one-third of pediatric and adolescent patients who underwent ACL reconstruction were found to have KF injuries. Standard preoperative MRI scans can reliably be used to visualize KF injury in the majority of pediatric and adolescent patients with ACL tears, especially when the MRI is performed in the acute setting.
Predicting 9-Year Language Ability from Preschool Speech Recognition in Noise in Children Using Cochlear Implants
Authors: Ching Teresa Y.C. , Cupples Linda , Zhang Vicky W.
Published: October 2022

The presence of congenital permanent childhood hearing loss has a negative impact on children’s development and lives. The current literature documents weaknesses in speech perception in noise and language development in many children with hearing loss. However, there is a lack of clear evidence for a longitudinal relationship between early speech perception abilities and later language skills. This study addressed the evidence gap by drawing on data collected as part of the Longitudinal Outcomes of Children with Hearing Impairment (LOCHI) study. Cross-lagged regression analyses were used to examine the influence of speech perception in noise at age 5 years on language ability at age 9 years and vice versa (i.e. the influence of language ability at age 5 years on speech perception in noise at age 9 years). Data from 56 children using cochlear implants were analysed. We found that preschool speech perception in noise was a significant predictor of language ability at school age, after controlling for the effect of early language. The findings lend support to early intervention that targets the improvement of language skills, but also highlight the need for intervention and technology to enhance young children’s auditory capabilities for perceiving speech in noise in early childhood so that outcomes of children with hearing loss in school can be maximized.
Cardiac thrombi detected by CT in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A substudy of Mind the Heart
Authors: Rinkel Leon A , Beemsterboer Chiel FP , Groeneveld Nina-Suzanne , Lobé Nick HJ , Boekholdt S Matthijs , Bouma Berto J , Muller Fenna F , Beenen Ludo FM , Marquering Henk A , Majoie Charles BLM , Roos Yvo BWEM , van Randen Adrienne , Planken R Nils , Coutinho Jonathan M
Published: October 2022

Background:

Cardiac thrombi are a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, but are rarely diagnosed in the acute phase. We examined characteristics and functional outcome of patients with ischemic stroke and a concomitant cardiac thrombus detected on cardiac CT performed in the acute phase.

Patients and Methods:

We used data from “Mind the Heart,” a prospective cohort study in which consecutive adult patients with acute ischemic stroke underwent prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT during their acute stroke imaging protocol. We compared characteristics, functional outcome (modified Rankin scale) and stroke recurrence rate at 90 days of patients with a cardiac thrombus on CT (defined as filling defect <100 Hounsfield Units) to those without a cardiac thrombus.

Results:

Among 452 included patients, cardiac CT detected 41 thrombi in 38 (8%) patients. Thrombi were most often located in the left atrial appendage (31/38 [82%]). Patients with a cardiac thrombus more frequently had intracranial occlusions in multiple vascular territories (5% vs 0.5%, p = 0.04) and a higher baseline NIHSS score (17 [IQR 6–22] vs 5 [IQR 2–3], p < 0.001) compared to patients without a cardiac thrombus. In 13/38 (34%) patients with a cardiac thrombus, no atrial fibrillation was detected. A cardiac thrombus was associated with worse functional outcome (adjusted common odds ratio 3.18 95%CI 1.68–6.00). Recurrence rate was not significantly different (8% vs 4%, aOR 1.50 (0.39–5.82).

Discussion and Conclusion:

Cardiac CT detected a cardiac thrombus in one in every 12 patients with acute ischemic stroke, and these patients had more severe deficits, multivessel occlusions, and a worse functional outcome.
Aligning working in an organization with teaching yoga: An investigation into personally meaningful work
Authors: Hufnagel Julia , Spraul Katharina
Published: October 2022

In many advanced economies, two phenomena coexist: many people struggle finding meaning in their jobs and a growing number of persons hold multiple jobs at the same time. The research stream on meaningful work calls for more qualitative studies that investigate individual experiences of meaningful work across different jobs. The field on multiple jobholding has recently focused on the psychological foundations and struggles or positive effects. Prior research shows that individuals who were pushed (e.g. by financial reasons) into an additional job will likely experience depletion through it, while those motivated by pull factors (e.g. by psychological fulfillment reasons and the desire for meaningfulness) will likely yield enrichment. To address these research gaps jointly, we empirically investigate the motivations and meaningfulness experiences of multiple jobholders with the same secondary job, that is, practicing yoga teachers. We apply a mixed-method design by conducting and analyzing narrative interviews with 27 part-time yoga teachers in Germany.
Let’s discuss our city! Engaging youth in the co-creation of living environments with digital serious geogames and gamified storytelling
Authors: Poplin Alenka , de Andrade Bruno , de Sena Ítalo
Published: October 2022

This article concentrates on ways in which novel playful technologies can engage youth in co-creation of living environments. The presented study focuses on five selected prototypes of serious digital geogames and gamified storytelling that were developed specifically for younger generations of users. The analysis concentrates on reviewing their goals, game story, outcomes, and the results of testing serious digital geogames prototypes with youth. It leads to a set of identified urban planning engagement forms that can be well supported with the help of serious digital geogames. They include exploring landscapes, learning about places, learning about specific topics, reconstructing the past, envisioning the future, connecting with action projects, and communicating. The article concludes with the discussion of the main findings and perspectives for further research.
A maddock mixer design that mitigates gels in polyethylene resin film applications
Authors: Spalding Mark A , Sun Xiaofei , Kodjie Stephen L , Du Libo , Womer Timothy W , Uzelac Ned
Published: October 2022

Maddock mixers are ubiquitous in plastics processing for single-screw extruders and injection molding plasticators due to their low cost to build and their ability to provide a uniform level of dispersive mixing. If the mixer is designed properly, all entering solid polymer fragments and certain types of gels can be trapped and dispersed into the matrix resin. Many mixers that are used commercially, however, provide lower levels of dispersive stress mixing than required by the process and they can degrade polyethylene (PE) resins. This paper will describe the mechanisms that are occurring in a Maddock mixer and develop guidelines for obtaining optimal mixing stresses while mitigating resin degradation.
Does Emotional Intelligence Change After 1 Year of Courses for the Diagnostic Medical Sonography or Radiography Students?
Authors: Miller Elena
Published: October 2022

Objective:

The purpose of the study was to determine whether emotional intelligence (EI) changes after completion of 1 year of courses for diagnostic medical sonography (DMS) or radiography (RAD) students.

Materials and Methods:

The participants of this study were 26 imaging undergraduate students. The convenient sample included 10 DMS and 16 RAD students, enrolled in an Associate Degree in Applied Sciences program, within a community college. The study was conducted by administering the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) that collected EI data and demographic data of the participants in both programs. These data were gathered at the beginning of each respective program, as well as 1 year later.

Results:

The analysis of the findings determined that there was no significant change in global EI and four factors such as wellbeing, self-control, emotionality, and sociability of EI among this cohort of DMS and RAD students after 1 year. However, one of the three trait EI subscales “Optimism” revealed a significant increase after 1 year for this cohort of RAD students. Interestingly, this cohort of DMS students did not show the same outcome.

Conclusion:

The results of this study provide limited empirical evidence that one of the three trait EI subscales “Optimism” increased after completion of 1 year of courses in this RAD student cohort. This is an important finding that should be carefully considered. This outcome shows that RAD students in this cohort felt significantly more optimistic after 1 year, which reflects their emotional state. However, DMS students in this cohort did not demonstrate the same results.
Three-Dimensional Numerical Study on the Metal Rotating Spray Transfer Process of High-Current GMAW
Authors: Xiao Lei , Fan Ding , Huang Jiankang
Published: October 2022

A three-dimensional numerical model based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is typically preferred for studying high-current gas metal arc welding (GMAW) metal transfer mechanism and then controlling it. It is informed that the rotating spray transfer is extremely complicated, and some researchers have focused on simplified models without considering the energy conservation to make analysis manageable for the unstable metal transfer process. Using our created numerical model, the metal transfer of high-current GMAW with shielding gas of different conductivities has been studied by analyzing acting forces and fluid flows in the metal liquid column, especially for the contributions of the self-induced electromagnetic force, equivalent volume force of the capillary pressure of the surface tension (Named surface tension force in this work), static arc pressure. It is found that the unbalanced electromagnetic force greatly promotes the metal rotating motion in 500 A metal inert gas (MIG) welding with pure argon shielding gas and it pushes the metal liquid column to rotate. Considering the arc constricting effect in active shielding gas by simply changing the arc conductivity, it is found that the metal liquid column no longer rotates, it turns to swing since the unbalanced electromagnetic force is large enough to break the rotating motion. The calculated results of the metal liquid column deflected angle and rotating/swing frequency agree well with the experiment of high-speed camera observations.
Bioinformatics approaches for classification and investigation of the evolution of the Na/K-ATPase alpha-subunit
Authors: Shahnazari Marzieh , Zakipour Zahra , Razi Hooman , Moghadam Ali , Alemzadeh Abbas
Published: October 2022

Background

Na,K-ATPase is a key protein in maintaining membrane potential that has numerous additional cellular functions. Its catalytic subunit (α), found in a wide range of organisms from prokaryotes to complex eukaryote. Several studies have been done to identify the functions as well as determining the evolutionary relationships of the α-subunit. However, a survey of a larger collection of protein sequences according to sequences similarity and their attributes is very important in revealing deeper evolutionary relationships and identifying specific amino acid differences among evolutionary groups that may have a functional role.

Results

In this study, 753 protein sequences using phylogenetic tree classification resulted in four groups: prokaryotes (I), fungi and various kinds of Protista and some invertebrates (II), the main group of invertebrates (III), and vertebrates (IV) that was consisted with species tree. The percent of sequences that acquired a specific motif for the α/β subunit assembly increased from group I to group IV. The vertebrate sequences were divided into four groups according to isoforms with each group conforming to the evolutionary path of vertebrates from fish to tetrapods. Data mining was used to identify the most effective attributes in classification of sequences. Using 1252 attributes extracted from the sequences, the decision tree classified them in five groups: Protista, prokaryotes, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. Also, vertebrates were divided into four subgroups (isoforms). Generally, the count of different dipeptides and amino acid ratios were the most significant attributes for grouping. Using alignment of sequences identified the effective position of the respective dipeptides in the separation of the groups. So that 208GC is apparently involved in the separation of vertebrates from the four other organism groups, and 41DH, 431FK, and 451KC were involved in separation vertebrate isoform types.

Conclusion

The application of phylogenetic and decision tree analysis for Na,K-ATPase, provides a better understanding of the evolutionary changes according to the amino acid sequence and its related properties that could lead to the identification of effective attributes in the separation of sequences in different groups of phylogenetic tree. In this study, key evolution-related dipeptides are identified which can guide future experimental studies.
Functional transcriptome analyses of Drosophila suzukii midgut reveal mating-dependent reproductive plasticity in females
Authors: Xing Shisi , Deng Dan , wen Wen , Peng Wei
Published: October 2022

Background

Insect females undergo a huge transition in energy homeostasis after mating to compensate for nutrient investment during reproduction. To manage with this shift in metabolism, mated females experience extensive morphological, behavioral and physiological changes, including increased food intake and altered digestive processes. However, the mechanisms by which the digestive system responds to mating in females remain barely characterized. Here we performed transcriptomic analysis of the main digestive organ, the midgut, to investigate how gene expression varies with female mating status inDrosophila suzukii, a destructive and invasive soft fruit pest.

Results

We sequenced 15,275 unique genes with an average length of 1,467 bp. In total, 652 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between virgin and matedD. suzukiifemale midgut libraries. The DEGs were functionally annotated utilizing the GO and KEGG pathway annotation methods. Our results showed that the major GO terms associated with the DEGs from the virgin versus mated female midgut were largely appointed to the metabolic process, response to stimulus and immune system process. We obtained a mass of protein and lipid metabolism genes which were up-regulated and carbohydrate metabolism and immune-related genes which were down-regulated at different time points after mating in female midgut by qRT-PCR. These changes in metabolism and immunity may help supply the female with the nutrients and energy required to sustain egg production.

Conclusion

Our study characterizes the transcriptional mechanisms driven by mating in theD. suzukiifemale midgut. Identification and characterization of the DEGs between virgin and mated females midgut will not only be crucial to better understand molecular research related to intestine plasticity during reproduction, but may also provide abundant target genes for the development of effective and ecofriendly pest control strategies against this economically important species.
Prevalence and factors associated with food insecurity in eight high-altitude cities in Peru during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective, cross-sectional study
Authors: Zila-Velasque J. Pierre , Grados-Espinoza Pamela , Quispe-Chura Katherine , Valdiviezo-Morales Christopher G. , Diaz-Vélez Cristian , Valladares-Garrido Mario J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Food insecurity has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, affecting an estimated 260 million people. However, little evidence is available on how pandemic-related characteristics influence food security in a high-altitude population. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with food insecurity in high-altitude Peruvian cities during the second epidemic wave of COVID-19.

Methods

A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted in eight Peruvian cities over 1,500 m above sea level. An online survey measuring food security, presence of anxiety & depressive symptoms, sleep quality, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience, and sociodemographic characteristics was disseminated through social networks between December 2020 and February 2021. Generalized linear models were used to identify an association between the study variables.

Results

Of 700 participants, the median age was 23 years, and more than half were female (56.7%). The prevalence of food insecurity was 37.1%. Anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and PTSD were present in 72.7%, 64.1%, and 15% of respondents, respectively. The prevalence of food insecurity was higher in people with fair (PR: 1.60, 95% CI: 1.23–2.07) and very bad perception of their health (PR: 4.06, 95% CI: 2.63–6.26), individuals seeking mental health support (PR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.25–1.62), and in those who lost their job due to the pandemic (PR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.62–2.04). Having moderate (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.26–1.83) and moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.11–2.27) also increased the prevalence of food insecurity.

Conclusion

During the pandemic, the prevalence of food insecurity has increased in the Peruvian high-altitude population, revealing the need for preventive strategies. Identification of pandemic-related characteristics that influence food insecurity can guide interventions in at-risk individuals and reduce the long-term impact of this problem on overall health and quality of life.