bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic network properties of the superior temporal gyrus mediate the impact of brain age gap on chronic aphasia severity
Authors: Wilmskoetter Janina , Busby Natalie , He Xiaosong , Caciagli Lorenzo , Roth Rebecca , Kristinsson Sigfus , Davis Kathryn A. , Rorden Chris , Bassett Dani S. , Fridriksson Julius , Bonilha Leonardo
Published: July 2023

Brain structure deteriorates with aging and predisposes an individual to more severe language impairments (aphasia) after a stroke. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relation are not well understood. Here we use an approach to model brain network properties outside the stroke lesion, network controllability, to investigate relations among individualized structural brain connections, brain age, and aphasia severity in 93 participants with chronic post-stroke aphasia. Controlling for the stroke lesion size, we observe that lower average controllability of the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) mediates the relation between advanced brain aging and aphasia severity. Lower controllability of the left posterior STG signifies that activity in the left posterior STG is less likely to yield a response in other brain regions due to the topological properties of the structural brain networks. These results indicate that advanced brain aging among individuals with post-stroke aphasia is associated with disruption of dynamic properties of a critical language-related area, the STG, which contributes to worse aphasic symptoms. Because brain aging is variable among individuals with aphasia, our results provide further insight into the mechanisms underlying the variance in clinical trajectories in post-stroke aphasia.
Regulating photosalient behavior in dynamic metal-organic crystals
Authors: Khan Samim , Dutta Basudeb , Naaz Sanobar , Choudhury Aditya , Cazade Pierre-Andre , Kiely Emma , Guerin Sarah , Medishetty Raghavender , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: July 2023

Dynamic photoactuating crystals have become a sensation due to their potential applications in developing smart medical devices, molecular machines, artificial muscles, flexible electronics actuators, probes and microrobots. Here we report the synthesis of two iso-structural metal-organic crystals, [Zn(4-ohbz)2(4-nvp)2] (1) and [Cd(4-ohbz)2(4-nvp)2] (2) {H4-ohbz = 4-hydroxy benzoic acid; 4-nvp = 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine} which undergo topochemical [2 + 2] cycloaddition under UV irradiation as well as sunlight to generate a dimerized product of discrete metal-complex [Zn(4-ohbz)2(rctt-4-pncb)] {rctt-4-pncb = 1,3-bis(4′-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(naphthyl)cyclobutane} (1′) and one-dimensional coordination polymer (1D CP) [Cd(4-ohbz)2(rctt-4-pncb)] (2′) respectively, in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SCSC) process. The Zn-based compound demonstrates photosalient behaviour, wherein crystals show jumping, splitting, rolling, and swelling upon UV irradiation. However, the Cd-based crystals do not show such behaviour maintaining the initial supramolecular packing and space group. Thus the photomechanical behaviour can be induced by choosing a suitable metal ion. The above findings are thoroughly validated by quantitative density functional theory (DFT) calculations which show that the Zn-based crystal shifts towards an orthorhombic structure to resolve the anisotropic UV-induced mechanical strain. Furthermore, the mechano-structure-property relationship has been established by complimentary nanoindentation measurements, which are in-line with the DFT-predicted single crystal values.
Plastic pollution in riverbeds fundamentally affects natural sand transport processes
Authors: Russell Catherine E. , Fernández Roberto , Parsons Daniel R. , Gabbott Sarah E.
Published: July 2023

Over the past 50 years, rivers have become increasingly important vectors for plastic pollution. Lowland riverbeds exhibit coherent morphological features including ripple and dune bedforms, which transport sediment downstream via well-understood processes, yet the impact of plastic on sediment transport mechanics is largely unknown. Here we use flume tank experiments to show that when plastic particles are introduced to sandy riverbeds, even at relatively low concentrations, novel bedform morphologies and altered processes emerge, including irregular bedform stoss erosion and dune “washout”, causing topographic bedform amplitudes to decline. We detail (i) new mechanisms of plastic incorporation and transport in riverbed dunes, and (ii) how sedimentary processes are fundamentally influenced. Our laboratory flume tank experiments suggest that plastic is not a passive component of river systems but directly affects bed topography and locally increases the proportion of sand suspended in the water column, which at larger scales, has the potential to impact river ecosystems and wider landscapes. The resulting plastic distribution in the sediment is heterogeneous, highlighting the challenge of representatively sampling plastic concentrations in river sediments. Our insights are part of an ongoing suite of efforts contributing to the establishment of a new branch of process sedimentology: plastic – riverbed sand interactions.
Mantle-to-crust metal transfer by nanomelts
Authors: Schettino Erwin , González-Jiménez José María , Marchesi Claudio , Palozza Francesco , Blanco-Quintero Idael F. , Gervilla Fernando , Braga Roberto , Garrido Carlos J. , Fiorentini Marco
Published: July 2023

The transfer of chalcophile metals across the continental lithosphere has been traditionally modeled based on their chemical equilibrium partitioning in sulfide liquids and silicate magmas. Here, we report a suite of Ni-Fe-Cu sulfide droplets across a trans-lithospheric magmatic network linking the subcontinental lithospheric mantle to the overlying continental crust. Petrographic characteristics and numerical calculations both support that the sulfide droplets were mechanically scavenged from the mantle source during partial melting and transported upwards by alkaline magmas rising through the continental lithosphere. Nanoscale investigation by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) documents the presence of galena (PbS) nanoinclusions within the sulfide droplets that are involved in the mantle-to-crust magma route. The galena nanoinclusions show a range of microstructural features that are inconsistent with a derivation of PbS by exsolution from the solid products of the Ni-Fe-Cu sulfide liquid. It is argued that galena nanoinclusions crystallized from a precursor Pb(-Cu)-rich nanomelt, which was originally immiscible within the sulfide liquid even at Pb concentrations largely below those required for attaining galena saturation. We suggest that evidence of immiscibility between metal-rich nanomelts and sulfide liquids during magma transport would disrupt the classical way by which metal flux and ore genesis are interpreted, hinting for mechanical transfer of nanophases as a key mechanism for sourcing the amounts of mantle-derived metals that can be concentrated in the crust.
Trait stacking simultaneously enhances provitamin A carotenoid and mineral bioaccessibility in biofortified Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Dzakovich Michael P. , Debelo Hawi , Albertsen Marc C. , Che Ping , Jones Todd J. , Simon Marissa K. , Zhao Zuo-Yu , Glassman Kimberly , Ferruzzi Mario G.
Published: July 2023

Vitamin A, iron, and zinc deficiencies are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. Biofortified sorghum varieties evaluated here could potentially address these deficiencies simultaneously.
Liposomal MRI probes containing encapsulated or amphiphilic Fe(iii) coordination complexes
Authors: Chowdhury Md Saiful I. , Kras Elizabeth A. , Turowski Steven G. , Spernyak Joseph A. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: July 2023

High spin Fe(iii) centers in hydrophilic or amphiphilic complexes are incorporated into micelles or liposomes to form nanoparticle MRI probes. An amide pendant group linker incorporates the Fe(iii) complexes into liposomes for studies in mice.
Bifunctional electrocatalytic activity of Fe-embedded biphenylene for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions
Authors: Xu Junkai , Gao Yang , Li Jing , Yan Xun-Wang , Ma Fengjie
Published: July 2023

FeN4-biphenylene is an efficient bifunctional catalyst with low overpotentials, ηORR = 0.11 V and ηOER = 0.27 V.
Structural stability, dihydrogen bonding, and pressure-induced polymorphic transformations in hydrazine borane
Authors: Guan Rongfeng , Wang Pan , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong , Song Yang
Published: July 2023

As a promising hydrogen storage material, hydrazine borane was found to be unprecedentedly stable to a large range of compression with the possibility of forming new polymorphs at even higher pressures.
Correlation vs. exchange competition drives the singlet–triplet excited-state inversion in non-alternant hydrocarbons
Authors: Sandoval-Salinas M. E. , Ricci G. , Pérez-Jiménez A. J. , Casanova D. , Olivier Y. , Sancho-García J. C.
Published: July 2023

The exchange vs. correlation competition governs the singlet–triplet excitation energy inversion in two non-alternant hydrocarbons.
A dual-band hydrogen sensor based on Tamm plasmon polaritons
Authors: Zhang Kaihua , Chen Zhiying , Li Hongju , Yi Zao , Liu Yufang , Wu Xiaohu
Published: July 2023

We design a dual band high sensitivity hydrogen sensor based on the coupling of a defect mode with Tamm plasmon polaritons and Fabry–Perot resonances.
Enhancing solar-to-hydrogen efficiency with an S-scheme GaTe/PtS2 van der Waals heterojunction with high light absorption
Authors: Wang Jiaxin , Xuan Jinzhe , Wei Xing , Zhang Yan , Fan Jibin , Ni Lei , Yang Yun , Liu Jian , Tian Ye , Wang Xuqiang , Yuan Chongrong , Duan Li
Published: July 2023

In order to solve the current energy and environmental problems, we designed GaTe/PtS2 van der Waals heterojunction with excellent light absorption and solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, which is an excellent photocatalytic heterojunction.
Biofilters and bioretention systems: the role of biochar in the blue-green city concept for stormwater management
Authors: Premarathna K. S. D. , Biswas Jayanta Kumar , Kumar Manish , Varjani Sunita , Mickan Bede , Show Pau Loke , Lau Sie Yon , Novo Luís A. B. , Vithanage Meththika
Published: July 2023

The main aim of the blue-green city concept is the reduction of the adverse impacts of stormwater by recreating the natural water cycle with the aid of green infrastructure in major metropolitan areas worldwide.
Full-spectrum utilization of solar energy for simultaneous CO2 reduction and seawater desalination
Authors: Yin Yuting , Jing Wenhao , Qiu Haoran , Wang Feng , Liu Ya , Guo Liejin
Published: July 2023

To address the underutilization of infrared light in photocatalysis, a synergistic CO2 photoreduction and seawater desalination system was developed, which exhibited a good bifunctional performance.
NH3 production from absorbed NO with synergistic catalysis of Pd/C and functionalized ionic liquids
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhang Wanxiang , Wang Yan , Ren Shuhang , Hou Yucui , Wu Weize
Published: July 2023

Synergistic catalysis of functionalized ionic liquids and a catalyst to convert pollutant NO to valuable NH3 are reported.
Semiconductor augmented hydrogen and polyhydroxybutyrate photosynthesis from Rhodospirillum rubrum and a mechanism study
Authors: Wang Lin , Shi Shulan , Liang Jun , Wang Bo , Xing Xiwen , Zeng Cuiping
Published: July 2023

A light-enhanced electron flow at the CdS–R. rubrum interface augmented the photosynthetic metabolism of biohybrid systems with growth-dependent energy allocation.
Self-healing and reprocessing of reclaimed rubber prepared by re-crosslinking waste natural rubber powders
Authors: Ye Juan , Tan Shujun , Deng Haoyu , Huang Weibin , Jin Hao , Zhang Lanyue , Xiang Hongping , Zhang Mingqiu
Published: July 2023

A self-healable and reprocessable reclaimed rubber is developed by re-crosslinking waste natural rubber powders with polysulfide rubber via a thiol–ene reaction.
Ternary copper(ii) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and coumarin-based oxylacetates as pro-apoptotic UPR CHOP inducers
Authors: Masuri Sebastiano , Cabiddu Maria Grazia , Moráň Lukáš , Vesselá Tereza , Bartosik Martin , Havel Josef , Meloni Francesca , Cadoni Enzo , Vaňhara Petr , Pivetta Tiziana
Published: July 2023

Six new mixed copper complexes able to induce pro-apoptotic UPR CHOP were prepared. Coumarin carboxylate derivatives were chosen as auxiliary ligands.
Advancing an AIE dipyridyl derivative-based self-assembly system as a robust probe with enhanced fluorescence by metal ions for sensing multiple solvents
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Wu Huijuan , Gao Aiping , Cao Xinhua
Published: July 2023

BPM can selectively detect Cd2+along with the formation of the fluorescent complex BPM-Cd and further sensitively responds to multiple solvents.
Atomically dispersed cobalt–nitrogen–carbon catalysts for efficient oxidative esterification of aromatic alcohols
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Liu Peihao , Li Jingjing , Guo Hefang , Zhang Han , Zhang Zehui , Dong Zhengping
Published: July 2023

A series of Co-based single/dual-atom catalysts were firstly prepared by a hard template-assisted spatial confinement strategy. The Co SACs@NG-800-50 catalyst exhibits superior catalytic performance for oxidative esterification of aromatic alcohols.
From plant to cancer drug: lessons learned from the discovery of taxol
Authors: Cech Nadja B. , Oberlies Nicholas H.
Published: July 2023

This Viewpoint describes events during the 1960s and 1970s that led to the discovery of taxol, which remains one of the most effective treatments for breast and ovarian cancer. We highlight lessons relevant to natural products drug discovery today.
Mechanistic insight into anti-carbometalation of an alkyne via η2-vinyl-nickel type Z/E isomerization
Authors: Shan Chunhui , He Miaomiao , Luo Xiaoling , Li Rong , Zhang Tao
Published: July 2023

In this reaction, η2-vinyl-nickel type Z/E isomerization is found to be lower in energy compared with carbonyl-assisted Z/E isomerization from a syn-alkenylnickel intermediate.
Fine control for the preparation of ceria nanorods (111)
Authors: Yang Changju , Ning Xiang , Chen Shanyong , Hou Xiaoxia , Xia Xiaoli , Zhang Zhiyang , Ding Weiping , Peng Luming
Published: July 2023

The synthesis of CeO2 nanorods with exposed (111) facets is optimized and the obtained material shows very narrow 17O NMR peaks, providing a foundation for future research on mechanisms using 17O solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
Benzoate-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials
Authors: Zhang Liang , Zhu Wenjing , Gao Kangkang , Wu Yun , Lu Yani , Shuai Chao , Zhang Penghui , Li Huicheng , Chen Chuan-Feng
Published: July 2023

DMAC-MBZ and PTZ-MBZ exhibited TADF properties with the lifetime of 2.17 and 0.80 μs, respectively.
Controlled electrochemical surface exfoliation of graphite pencil electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: AbdelHamid Ayman A. , Elgamouz Abdelaziz , Kawde Abdel-Nasser
Published: July 2023

A controlled surface exfoliation for graphite electrodes was developed, achieving >300× increase in the electrochemical surface area, >50× decrease in total electrode resistance, and >2 orders of magnitude enhancement in energy storage capacity.
A review on spent lithium-ion battery recycling: from collection to black mass recovery
Authors: Bhar Madhushri , Ghosh Shuvajit , Krishnamurthy Satheesh , Kaliprasad Y. , Martha Surendra K.
Published: July 2023

The advent of lithium-ion battery technology in portable electronic devices and electric vehicle applications results in the generation of millions of hazardous e-wastes that are detrimental to the ecosystem.
A self-compensating stretchable conductor based on a viscous fluid for wide-range flexible sensors
Authors: Xu Minxuan , Wei Dafei , Song Tengyue , Dou Chun , Shi Yueqin , Li Xin , Kong Zhe , Zhang Qi
Published: July 2023

We have developed a novel stretchable conductor based on self-compensation, which possesses stable conductivity in a wide tensile range.
Macrocyclic luminophores under confinement in a polymeric matrix – induction of large-Stokes shift by inter-unit proton transfer
Authors: Jurek Paulina , Rode Michał F. , Szymański Marek P. , Banasiewicz Marzena , Szumna Agnieszka
Published: July 2023

Macrocyclic tetra(naphthimidazole)resorcin[4]arenes exhibit large Stokes shifts upon embedding in PMMA matrix enabling their applications in luminescent solar concentrator technology.
Surface etching to tune the behaviours of photogenerated charges on a decahedron BiVO4 crystal for efficient photocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Yue , Li Shunning , Li Hui , Zeng Bin , Chi Haibo , Wang Yihuan , Wei Huangzhao , Pan Feng , Li Rengui
Published: July 2023

The {010} facets of the decahedron BiVO4 were selectively etched using sodium hydroxide solution, while keeping the {110} facets intact. This caused a reversal in the distribution of photogenerated electrons and holes.
Defining the metabolic signatures associated with human macrophage polarisation
Authors: Povo-Retana Adrián , Landauro-Vera Rodrigo , Fariñas Marco , Sánchez-García Sergio , Alvarez-Lucena Carlota , Marin Silvia , Cascante Marta , Boscá Lisardo
Published: July 2023

Macrophages are essential components of the innate immune system that play both homeostatic roles in healthy organs, and host defence functions against pathogens after tissue injury. To accomplish their physiological role, macrophages display different profiles of gene expression, immune function, and metabolic phenotypes that allow these cells to participate in different steps of the inflammatory reaction, from the initiation to the resolution phase. In addition, significant differences exist in the phenotype of macrophages depending on the tissue in which they are present and on the mammalian species. From a metabolic point of view, macrophages are essentially glycolytic cells; however, their metabolic fluxes are dependent on the functional polarisation of these cells. This metabolic and cellular plasticity offers the possibility to interfere with the activity of macrophages to avoid harmful effects due to persistent activation or the release of molecules that delay tissue recovery after injury.
γ-Secretase fanning the fire of innate immunity
Authors: Liu Chenge , Nikain Cyrus , Li Yue-Ming
Published: July 2023

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens, alerting the individual cell and surrounding area to respond to this potential invasion. γ-secretase is a transmembrane protease complex that plays an intricate role in nearly every stage of this innate immune response. Through regulation of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) such as TREM2 and RAGE γ-secretase can modulate pathogen recognition. γ-secretase can act on cytokine receptors such as IFNαR2 and CSF1R to dampen their signaling capacity. While γ-secretase-mediated regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) can further moderate innate immune responses through downstream signaling pathways. Furthermore, γ-secretase has also been shown to be regulated by the innate immune system through cytokine signaling and γ-secretase modulatory proteins such as IFITM3 and Hif-1α. This review article gives an overview of how γ-secretase is implicated in innate immunity and the maintenance of its responses through potentially positive and negative feedback loops.
Reduction of energy losses through the integration of photovoltaic power plants in distribution networks
Authors: Pérez Carlos Abel Perdomo , Espinosa Lester González , Fuentefria Ariel Santos
Published: July 2023

In Latin America, distribution networks are mostly radial, with high energy losses, representing about 16% of the region's electricity consumption. In Cuba, one of the alternatives that has been proposed to reduce these losses is the distribution of photovoltaic (PV) power plants of up to 3 MWp in them. This paper presents a new hybrid optimization algorithm to localize and size PV power plants to minimize energy losses in radial distribution networks. The method localizes the power plants using Empirical Discrete Metaheuristic in conjunction with a novel strategy that reduces the execution time of the algorithm. The sizes are found using the Coordinate Search Method, which performs one‐dimensional searches in the directions of the variables of the objective function. The algorithm was run on a 33‐bus IEEE test system in which up to five power plants were optimally installed, taking into account load variations at the distribution level and changes in the weather conditions under which the power plants operate. It should be noted that the execution times for each scenario did not exceed 30 s. The algorithm was validated by comparing it with other methods found in the literature and proved to be more efficient than them.
First study on harvesting electromagnetic noise energy generated by the frequency converters
Authors: Raouadi Mohamed Haythem , Fanton Jean Pierre , Touayar Oualid
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a novel environmental energy harvesting process. The source of energy consists of the electromagnetic (EM) noise emitted by the frequency converter system (inverter) and the harvester is composed by a monopole antenna and a full rectifier circuit. The operation of the frequency converter using MOSFET and IGBT switchers produces parasite currents in high frequency (100 KHz to 30 MHz) which are the principal cause of radiated EM noise. We have demonstrated that we can convert this EM noise into useful electrical energy to power wireless sensor nodes (WSNs) and other electronic devices. Experimentally, the EM noise is produced when the system “frequency converter + charge” is in operation mode. Moreover, the harvester has produced an uninterrupted power of 40 mW measured in accredited ISO/IEC 17025 laboratory. Furthermore, we have presented the output power of our device stored in 1 µF capacitor with demonstration examples of loading charges. These results offer opportunities for self-powered WSNs and electronic devices on a very large area of industrial applications with less use of conventional batteries.
Environmental impact study of the NOOR 1 solar project on the Southern Region of Morocco
Authors: Laaroussi Amale , Laaroussi Ouiame , Bouayad Abdelrhani
Published: July 2023

Morocco is leading the charge towards a more sustainable future through its investments in Renewable Energy. The NOOR 1 solar project in Ouarzazate serves as a shining example of this commitment, with a planned capacity of 160 MW and the potential to provide energy to over 1 million people. This study delves into the impact of this ground-breaking project on the environment and biodiversity in the southern region, as well as its role in combating global warming. The results show that the project has both positive and negative impacts, but its innovative concentrated solar power technology is the driving force behind these changes. Despite causing loss of native vegetation and wildlife habitat, changes to water resources and air quality, the NOOR 1 project also has many benefits such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy security, providing economic benefits, improving access to electricity, and providing educational opportunities. The research emphasizes the crucial need to assess future renewable energy projects in a holistic manner, considering both environmental preservation and progress. This means taking into account both the positive and negative impacts that such projects may have on the environment and biodiversity and implementing measures to mitigate the negative impacts while maximizing the positive ones. The study suggests that a well-planned and executed renewable energy project can bring about significant benefits, such as increased energy security and economic benefits, while still being mindful of preserving the natural environment. By carefully balancing environmental preservation and progress, the study argues that renewable energy projects can help create a sustainable future for all.
Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection for colon polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed , Ahmed Khalid , Abbas Daniyal , Mohamed Mouhand F. H. , Suryawanshi Gaurav , McDonald Nicholas , Wilson Natalie , Umar Shifa , Shaukat Aasma , Bilal Mohammad
Published: July 2023

Background Cold snare endoscopic mucosal resection (CS-EMR) can reduce the risks associated with electrocautery during colon polyp resection. Data on efficacy are variable. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled efficacy and safety rates of CS-EMR.

Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature search of multiple databases, from inception to March 2023, for studies addressing outcomes of CS-EMR for colon polyps. The weighted pooled estimates with 95 %CIs were calculated using the random effects model. I2
statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity.

Results 4137 articles were reviewed, and 16 studies, including 2592 polyps in 1922 patients (51.4 % female), were included. Overall, 54.4 % of polyps were adenomas, 45 % were sessile serrated lesions (SSLs), and 0.6 % were invasive carcinomas. Polyp recurrence after CS-EMR was 6.7 % (95 %CI 2.4 %–17.4 %, I2
 = 94 %). The recurrence rate was 12.3 % (95 %CI 3.4 %–35.7 %, I2
 = 94 %) for polyps ≥ 20 mm, 17.1 % (95 %CI 4.6 %–46.7 %, I2
 = 93 %) for adenomas, and 5.7 % (95 %CI 3.2 %–9.9 %, I2
 = 50 %) for SSLs. The pooled intraprocedural bleeding rate was 2.6 % (95 %CI 1.5 %–4.5 %, I2
 = 51 %), the delayed bleeding rate was 1.5 % (95 %CI 0.8 %–2.7 %, I2
 = 18 %), and no perforations or post-polypectomy syndromes were reported, with estimated rates of 0.6 % (95 %CI 0.3 %–1.3 %, I2
 = 0 %) and 0.6 % (95 %CI 0.3 %–1.4 %, I2
 = 0 %), respectively.

Conclusion CS-EMR demonstrated an excellent safety profile for colon polyps, with variable recurrence rates based on polyp size and histology. Large prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response in Liver Regeneration
Authors: Deshmukh Kshitij , Apte Udayan
Published: July 2023

Exposure to hepatotoxic chemicals is involved in liver disease–related morbidity and mortality worldwide. The liver responds to damage by triggering compensatory hepatic regeneration. Physical agent or chemical-induced liver damage disrupts hepatocyte proteostasis, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Post–liver injury ER experiences a homeostatic imbalance, followed by active ER stress response signaling. Activated ER stress response causes selective upregulation of stress response genes and downregulation of many hepatocyte genes. Acetaminophen overdose, carbon tetrachloride, acute and chronic alcohol exposure, and physical injury activate the ER stress response, but details about the cellular consequences of the ER stress response on liver regeneration remain unclear. The current data indicate that inhibiting the ER stress response after partial hepatectomy–induced liver damage promotes liver regeneration, whereas inhibiting the ER stress response after chemical-induced hepatotoxicity impairs liver regeneration. This review summarizes key findings and emphasizes the knowledge gaps in the role of ER stress in injury and regeneration.
Heterogeneous Catalysis for Sustainable Energy
Authors: Tuteja Jaya
Published: July 2023

The dominance of fossil fuels in the energy sector is associated with greenhouse-gas emission and release of atmospheric pollutants. Biomass-based energy generation is considered a potential alternative for replacement of fossil fuels, and it has been used as a sustainable source of heat and power for a long time. Biomass as a feedstock can be used for the synthesis of different energy products. Catalysts play a significant role in various conversion routes and affect the yield of major products. Researchers have mainly focused on starchy feedstock, lignocellulosic biomass, and triglyceride containing biomass for bioenergy production. Catalytic reactions for biomass feedstock mainly involve deoxygenation, hydrolysis, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and oxidation etc. This review provides an overview of catalytic reactions for the conversion of different classes of biomass feedstock for biofuel production. The primary aim of this review is to summarize catalytic strategies for conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into value-added products.
The Philadelphia Shriners Hospital Approach to Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Gundlach Benjamin , Kozin Scott H. , Zlotolow Dan A. , Park Eugene
Published: July 2023

The care of children with brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBI) is a complex multidisciplinary endeavor. At the Shriners Hospital for Children in Philadelphia, we have sought to elevate the quality of care delivered to patients through outcomes research and collaboration with colleagues around the world. Our approach to the management of this challenging pathology has evolved time and again. Here, we describe our current approach to patient assessment and operative management in patients with BPBI and its many sequelae.
Intelligent finance and change management implications
Authors: Guo Haochen , Polak Petr
Published: July 2023

Change management is the embodiment of an enterprise’s core competence. It provides competitive differentiation and effectively adapts to the ever-changing world. This paper explores the implications of intelligent finance on change management and provides insights into how organizations can effectively manage change to achieve the desired outcomes. The study examines the case of Ping An (Ping An Insurance (Group) Company of China, Ltd.), a leading insurance company in China that has successfully implemented intelligent finance and change management strategies. The paper begins with a literature review that provides an overview of the concept of intelligent finance, the relevance of change management in the context of intelligent finance, models, and frameworks for intelligent finance, and approaches to change management. The study then presents a case analysis of Ping An, including descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, regression analysis, and qualitative findings. The paper concludes with implications for practice and theory, contributions of the study, and recommendations for future research. Overall, this paper contributes to the growing literature on intelligent finance and change management and provides practical insights for organizations seeking to adopt intelligent finance.
Viscosity impact on 3D non-linear MHD simulations of RFP fusion plasmas
Authors: Vivenzi N. , Veranda M. , Bonfiglio D. , Cappello S.
Published: July 2023

Several studies pointed out the joint role of resistivity η and viscosity ν in determining the dynamics and the emergence of helical regimes of reversed-field pinch (RFP) plasmas. In this framework, the self-consistent time evolution of the η and ν coefficients still lacks of a fully satisfying modeling, being constrained by many approximations. In this work, the hypothesis of a flat viscosity profile is relaxed: A viscosity profile inspired by the Braginskii perpendicular viscosity is implemented in the code. This choice is motivated by the fact that the magnetohydrodynamics field instabilities relevant for the RFP configuration dynamics (resistive-kink/tearing modes) are active in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. Such a non-monotonous profile causes a localized damping of plasma flow in the regions, where the viscosity is stronger, close to the plasma edge. This results in the reduction of the flow shear, in turn allowing the enhancement of edge magnetic field modes amplitude. The impact on the magnetic topology and on connection length to the wall is also analyzed.
3D dynamic observation of human sperm by parallel phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy based on pixelated polarization
Authors: Bai Chuanbiao , Jiang Zhaoxiang , Zhao Jiangcheng , Wu Shangquan , Zhang Qingchuan
Published: July 2023

Morphology and motility are essential criteria for assessing sperm viability. However, the human sperm head is small (∼3–4 μm) and requires a relatively high-magnification microscope objective, while the sperm flagella (∼45 μm) are poorly visible with complex 3D properties. Microscopic dynamic observation of intact sperm in 3D is challenging. Conventional inspection methods with a limited depth of field are inadequate for this issue. To provide a solution to this critical need, we develop pixelated polarization-based parallel phase-shifting digital holographic microscopy for the 3D dynamic observation of human sperm. Compared to conventional holographic imaging, this approach can effectively separate the object wavefront and avoid image quality degradation while fully exploiting the spatial bandwidth of the camera. We propose the use of the Stokes parameter reconstruction method to reconstruct the object wavefront and investigate the effect of the sampling interval on the system resolution by spectral analysis. The methodology achieves the retrieval of the 3D trajectory and motion parameters of sperm and reconstructs the sperm head orientation and the thin, highly-dynamic flagellum. The system allows for more comprehensive information on sperm motility and morphology, which is significant for male reproductive research. It also has significant potential for 3D dynamic observation of micro-organisms.
Improving the performance of galloping energy harvester with striped bluff body
Authors: Wang Hai , Sun Hang , Zhang Zihao , Tang Ye , Yang Chunlai , Li Henian
Published: July 2023

To improve the performance and efficiency of ordinary galloping energy harvesters (GEHs), this paper proposes a GEH with a striped bluff body. The fluid-structure coupling simulation of the bluff body and the oscillator of the energy harvester was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics. The cloud diagram in the flow field, tip displacement at the tip of the beam, lifting and dragging force, and trace and frequency response of the harvester are analyzed. Simulation results show that the GEH with a striped bluff body has the characteristics of rising frequency and falling peak compared with the ordinary GEH, which can be locked at a fixed peak to form a stable periodic response. Experimental results show that the striped bluff body energy harvester displays better energy harvest performance. The output root mean square voltage can be increased by 119.2% at 2 m/s wind speed, which means that the galloping harvester with a striped bluff body has more stable dynamic characteristics and shows better energy harvest performance.
Effect of Nb, Ti microalloying on hot deformation behavior of high strength steel
Authors: Liu Xinbin , Li Tiansheng , Zhao Chenyang , Wang Yong
Published: July 2023

The deformation resistance would be increased with the addition of Nb and Ti, which makes it difficult to accurately control the rolling process, resulting in mixed grains and cracks. The hot deformation behavior of Nb–Ti microalloyed high strength steel was investigated in the temperature range of 900–1100 °C with the strain rate between 0.1 and 5 s−1. The recrystallization active energy was obtained by regression calculation, and the thermal deformation equation was established. The dynamic recrystallization critical strain model was established by changing the work hardening rate. The results show that a higher deformation temperature and lower strain rate are conducive to dynamic recrystallization. The active energy of dynamic recrystallization is 386.30 kJ mol−1, εp = 1.23 × 10−2Z0.087, and εc = 1.95 × 10−3Z0.111. The high strength steel is strengthened by the strengthening of grain refining and precipitation of Nb–Ti microalloys. The second phase particles are TiN with a size of about 100 nm, (Nb, Ti)C with the size between 50 and 80 nm, and NbC with the size between 10 and 20 nm.
Optical patterning fullerene nanostructures with high purity and high surface quality
Authors: Zeng Zhihao , Li Xiangping , Wang Haiwei , Xie Changsheng
Published: July 2023

Nanoscale patterning of fullerene materials with peculiar intrinsic electronic and optical properties is of crucial importance for their widespread applications. However, it remains a daunting challenge for current methods that suffer from both complicated lithography procedures and additives of photopolymers or photochemicals detrimental to the pristine properties of fullerene. Here, we developed a contamination-free laser printing approach for in situ patterning of fullerene with nanoscale resolution and high purity. The optical trapping force within the tight focus provides a lithography-free means to form densely packed fullerene nanostructures with two-order-of-magnitude enhanced fluorescence emission and a surface roughness of 6 nm. In addition, versatile fullerene nano-patterns from dots to concentric rings can be realized by flexibly shaping the optical trapping force of higher-order Laguerre–Gaussian beams. These results open a new route to programmable and high-quality patterning of fullerene optoelectronic devices with complex nanostructures.
A differentially amplified Hall effect displacement sensor for positioning control of a long-range flexure stage
Authors: Park William , Chun Heebum , Nguyen Phuc , Lee Chabum
Published: July 2023

This paper presents a novel positioning feedback sensor using a pair of Hall effect elements on a long-range flexure stage. The proposed Hall effect positioning feedback sensor eliminates error and uncertainty by measuring the center of the flexure stage, where a machine tool or measurement probes would take place in the industrial application. A pair of Hall effect elements were amplified in a differential configuration as the cylindrical permanent magnet enclosed in the center of the shuttle in the flexure stage that moves back and forth, generating a uniform gradient magnetic flux intensity. Nonlinear magnetic flux characteristics of a single Hall effect element were eliminated, and high-quality sensor sensitivity was achieved by differential amplification of the two Hall effect elements. The magnetic field analysis to characterize the linearity of the proposed displacement sensor was simulated using the finite element method to prove that the non-linearity of a single hall effect element may be mitigated by employing the differential amplification technique. The flexure stage was additively manufactured into a monolithic structure, and the permanent magnet was fitted into the shuttle of the flexure stage. Each Hall effect element was placed on either side of the magnet at a certain distance on the axis of shuttle movement. The proposed sensor was characterized by performing dynamic system identification of the flexure stage: open-loop response and closed-loop response. The Laser Displacement Sensor (LDS) with the 10 nm resolution was used for baseline comparison and datum line with respect to the proposed sensor. The proposed sensor responses agreed well with LDS in various dynamic inputs. The sensor response was analyzed with two differential amplification signal processing techniques. The maximum sensitivity of the two signal processing techniques was determined to be 16.55 mV/μm, and the resolution was observed as 2.5 μm. In sum, the differentially amplified Hall effect displacement sensor achieved positioning feedback with high sensitivity and linearity and minimized the sensor placement error while maintaining low cost and simple configuration.
Boosting of proton beam quality by a pair of low-intensity reverse laser pulses
Authors: Rahman Obaydur , Sheng Zheng-Mao
Published: July 2023

An attempt has been made to boost the proton beam quality using the multiple counter-propagating laser pulses target interaction with the help of particle-in-cell simulation. Here, we show that a pair of low-intensity reversely incident laser pulses can significantly improve the proton beam quality, i.e., leading to generating a highly peaked monoenergetic proton beam with reduced energy spread. The reverse laser pulses not only help to guide the main laser but also provide initial momentum to the target electrons and thus protons, which is very crucial for efficient acceleration. As a result, a high-quality (sharp narrow peak) monoenergetic proton beam, with energy spectra peaked around GeV, can be obtained for the pulse energies at the level of 50 J. Furthermore, the effects of the time delay for the main laser pulse and the distances between the incident points of the reverse laser pulses are also investigated.
Detonation stabilization in supersonic expanding channel with velocity gradients
Authors: Xu Fei , Dai Jian , Deiterding Ralf , Cai Xiaodong
Published: July 2023

The present work aims at exploring the stabilization mechanism of detonation propagating in a supersonic expanding channel with inflow velocity gradients. To achieve this, two-dimensional numerical simulations of a stoichiometric hydrogen–oxygen mixture are performed by solving the Navier–Stokes equations with a one-step two-species reaction model. A hybrid sixth-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory centered difference scheme is utilized to solve the governing equations. The results show that the detonation wave reaches a dynamic stabilization in a supersonic expanding channel affected by the inflow velocity gradients. By contrast, the detonation wave fails to self-sustain propagation in the channel with uniform inlet velocity for the same average velocity, highlighting the significant role of inlet velocity gradients in controlling the propagation and attenuation of detonation waves in confined channels. The mechanism of the dynamic detonation stabilization with the inflow velocity gradients is related to the compression of the flow field by large-scale unburned jets and the interactions of transverse waves and shear layers, which are conducive to improving the pressure and combustion rate of the unburned gases behind the detonation wave. Additionally, to a certain extent, the larger the inflow velocity gradient, the easier it is for the detonation wave to achieve dynamic stabilization at a certain position in the expanding channel.
Single-step generation of double emulsions in aqueous two-phase systems
Authors: Shekhar Chandra , Mehandia Vishwajeet , Sabapathy Manigandan
Published: July 2023

This communication presents a simple yet straightforward method for preparing water-in-water-in-water particle-stabilized double emulsions, also known as Pickering double emulsions. The approach involves using oppositely charged nanoparticles (OCNPs) in two distinct fluid phases, promoting self-assembly and the formation of aggregates with varying sizes and compositions. By enhancing the interfacial area through the adsorption of aggregates at the interface, this method increases the Gibbs detachment energy of particles between the two aqueous phases, forming stable double emulsions. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of the molecular weight of polyethylene oxide and dextran in the respective fluid phases and the mass ratio (M) of the OCNPs on double emulsion formation. The results demonstrate that the molecular weight of the polymers used in the aqueous phase is a critical parameter influencing the structural formation of the emulsion and the generation of double emulsions. Consequently, double emulsions are formed when equal molecular weight polymer mixtures are employed at an appropriate M, with the dispersed phase placed in the highly viscous continuous phase. The proposed method offers a one-step synthesis process, enabling easy preparation, and exhibits excellent stability for at least 30 days. This study represents the first reported approach for the one-step synthesis of multiple emulsions in an aqueous two-phase system utilizing a Pickering emulsion template.
Ohmic contacts in MXene/MoSi2N4 heterojunctions
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Zheng Jun-Yue , Xiang Yu-Cui , Wu Di , Fan Jing , Sun Yi-Yang , Chen Li-Juan , Gan Li-Yong , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: July 2023

Efficient Ohmic contacts are highly preferred in metal/semiconductor (M/S) junctions to achieve the exceptional intrinsic characteristics of the two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor channel. However, due to the strong Fermi level pinning effect, it is difficult to predict the Schottky barrier heights of heterojunctions, especially those between the M/S electrode and the channel region (i.e., the lateral Schottky barrier heights), which severely hampers the rational design of Ohmic contact. Herein, by using first-principles quantum transport simulations, it is found that the difference between the intrinsic band edges of pristine MoSi2N4 and the work function of pristine MXenes plays a major role in the Schottky barrier heights of vertical contacts. Furthermore, phase diagrams of Schottky barrier heights dependent on metal work function are established, which can facilitate the screening of Ohmic contacts. By selecting nine MXene/MoSi2N4 heterojunctions as demos, it is found that W3N2(OH)2 and V2C(OH)2 form n-type Ohmic contacts to MoSi2N4 in both vertical and lateral directions with 100% tunneling probabilities due to their ultralow work functions, while p-type Ohmic contacts are formed between MoSi2N4 and V3C2O2, V4C3O2, or Ti4N3O2 due to their relatively large work functions. Our findings not only demonstrate great potential of fabricating coherent dopant-free all-2D devices based on MXene/MoSi2N4 contacts but also more importantly deliver a general strategy for fast screening efficient Ohmic contacts.
Cascade-Net for predicting cylinder wake at Reynolds numbers ranging from subcritical to supercritical regime
Authors: Mi Junyi , Jin Xiaowei , Li Hui
Published: July 2023

The application of machine learning techniques embedded with fluid mechanics has gained significant attention due to their exceptional ability to tackle intricate flow dynamics problems. In this study, an energy-cascade-conceptualized network termed Cascade-Net is proposed. This model is grounded in generative adversarial networks to predict the spatiotemporal fluctuating velocity in the near-wall wake of a circular cylinder in a physics-informed manner. A comprehensive dataset is obtained by wind tunnel testing, comprising the near-wake velocity field and wall pressure of a rough circular cylinder with Reynolds numbers from subcritical to supercritical regimes. By leveraging convolutional neural networks, the Cascade-Net utilizes the pressure data, Reynolds numbers, and a few of velocity measured in the wake field to predict the spatiotemporal fluctuating velocity. The velocity fluctuations are predicted hierarchically at different resolved scales, ensuring that the energy cascade in turbulence is accurately simulated. The results show that the Cascade-Net presents good generalization performance and is capable of accurately predicting fluctuating velocity fields and the second-order moments in both extrapolation and interpolation cases at various Reynolds numbers. The mechanism of Cascade-Net in prediction is also investigated by parametric analysis in the convolutional layer and spatial attention gate, manifesting that the Cascade-Net is heavily dependent on the velocity characteristics of the larger resolved scale adjacent to target smaller scales to prediction, which interprets the success of Cascade-Net in capturing the intricate physics of the cylinder wake.