bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food Safety Risk Analysis in East African Community: A Cornerstone for an Effective Regional Risk-Based Food Safety System
Authors: Hagenimana Theoneste , Hategekimana Jean Paul , Ooko Abong George , Kamana Olivier , Oswald Athanasia Matemu
Published: May 2023

Food risk analysis remains a major cornerstone that provides a framework for the risk-based food safety system. This paper aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the food safety system, and the foundational role and opportunities of the risk analysis concept in the East Africa Community (EAC). The study was done through the explorative review of the literature as the best approach to getting broad information on the concept of risk analysis in global food safety and its impact on food safety systems. Through analysis of the relevant literature and previous studies related to global food safety and food safety systems, the approach helped to draw on challenges and opportunities and to reformulate the potential key role of the risk analysis concept in the EAC food safety system. Challenges were identified through the evaluation of the effectiveness of the EAC food safety system with reference to the US- effective food safety model. The role and opportunities of the risk analysis in the EAC food safety system were evaluated against identified challenges, and its implementation feasibility and assets in the EAC food safety system. As results, the EAC food safety system showed many gaps and challenges, and was ineffective. While the risk analysis concept was found a key factor in attributes of the effective food safety system, it could help the EAC food safety system to become effective, and to respond to the current and future food safety needs of both the African continent and the Globe. With many opportunities and potentials in EAC, the risk analysis concept can be integrated into the EAC food safety system. Therefore, a useful and strategic approach as a model of the integration of the risk analysis concept was designed for EAC. It is the establishment of an EAC- Regional Centre of Expertise in Food Risk Analysis (EAC-CREFRA). In addition, the EAC food safety system needs to anchor One Health and multi-factorial food safety management approaches to food safety.
Dewey’s Philosophy of Education as Growth: Implications on Formal Education in Nigeria
Authors: OLUFOWOBI Oludare Okikiola
Published: May 2023

Nigerian governments and other stake holders over the years have made continuous efforts, through different avenues, to make the purpose of education feasible and practically relevant. However, such efforts seem unproductive in view of the chaotic situation of the educational system and schooling in Nigeria as there are several complaints and agitations on the relevance of school education to real – life problem and needs of individual persons and the society. This is evident in the rate of dropouts, unemployment, underemployment and poor level of self – reliance and relevant entrepreneurship skills of most of the products of the Nigerian schools. This study examined Dewey’s conception of education as growth and its implication on formal education in Nigeria using the philosophical methods of speculation, analysis and prescription. The key concept in education, for John Dewey, is growth. This is understood in the sense of mental and intellectual growth, having to do with the continuous and infinite enrichment of experience and transfer of learning. The study therefore suggests that the school must be integrated into the larger realm of the community through directed and aim – driven occupational learning where students will develop the kind of critical sensibilities that will lead them not to simply accept the given structure of society, but alter it. Education should aim at developing the ability to learn from experience what is useful to cope with the difficulties of a later situation and the capability to transfer this to solve subsequent problems. Emphasis therefore, should be on functional and entrepreneurial education.
A cultural and archeological study of kotiyagala (mailla) Cave paintings
Authors: Bandara Jayanthi
Published: May 2023

Sri Lanka has a relatively large number of forest cave temples. Most of them have not attracted the attention of researchers and only a few of them have been researched. The reason is that most of these cave temples are located in forested areas away from human habitation. Reaching those places is also very difficult. But very valuable paintings are found in caves located in such places. Due to the lack of proper preservation, the paintings are facing the threat of destruction at a rapid rate. Kotiyagala Mailla Lenvihara is also a place where such precious paintings are hidden. Paintings from four regions are mainly represented here. Only the paintings on the left side remain of them. The main question of this research is to find out what are the socio-economic cultural political factors that influenced Kotiyagala painting. Research methods such as field study, interviews, and library study have been used to collect data mainly using empirical research methodology. The main objective of this research is to study the socioeconomic and cultural factors that influenced the Kotiyagala paintings and to which tradition the style and structural features of the Kotiyagala paintings show the most similarities. The sample of this research was Kotiyagala Mailla Lenvihara which was selected through random sampling.
Kahramanmaraş, Adana ve Gaziantep Örnekleri Işığında Suriye-Zengi Üslubunun Mimariye Etkileri
Authors: KÖKSÖKEN Furkan , EKER Fevziye
Published: May 2023

Nurettin Zengi döneminde (1118-1174) en parlak dönemini yaşayan Zengiler, mimariden ziyade mimari bezeme anlayışıyla ön plana çıkmaktadır.

Selçuklular'ın devamı olan Suriye ve Irak coğrafyasındaki Atabekler ve Zengiler devrinden bugüne kalan eserlere bakıldığında eserlerin Selçuklu üslubundan farklılaştığı görülür. Malzeme olarak taşın yoğun kullanıldığı bu üslupta Selçukluların kullandığı tuğla, alçı, terrakota ve çini bezemelerin yerini taş bordürler, kabartmalar, stalaktitler ve çok renkli mermer işçiliği almıştır. Suriye bölgesindeki mimari öğelerin, kemerlerde portallerde minarelerinde iki renkli taş bezemeler uygulanmış olup ayrıca büyük sülüs yazı frizleri, stalaktit kavsaralar, süslü kilit taşları yeni özellikleri arasındadır. Bağdat Tilsım kapısı ile Halep kale kapısının taş ejder kabartmalarında ve Musul Karasaray’ın (Bedreddin Lûlû devri 1233-59) alçı figürlü kabartmalarında görüldüğü gibi daha önce el sanatlarında fazlaca kullanılan figürler bu dönemde süsleyici bir öğe olarak mimariye aktarılmıştır. Üslubun en önemli yeniliği, portal, mihrab ve eyvan kemerlerini taçlandıran iki, bazen de üç renk mermerle işlenmiş fistolu ve örgülü, kemer ortasında düğümlenen band uygulamasıdır. Bu süsleme değişikliklerini Artuklular da kullanmış ve burada çalışan ustalar daha sonraki dönemlerde Anadolunun farklı bölgelerinde (özellikle güney bölümü) de uygulamışlardır. Akdeniz coğrafyasındaki Kahramanmaraş, Adana ve Gaziantep’e bakıldığında bu uygulamanın birçok örneğini görmek mümkündür. Şehirlerin, özellikle kültürel ve mimari açıdan birbirlerinin etkisinde kaldığı görülmektedir. Anadolu’nun Türkleşmesi ile birlikte Anadolu mimarisinde oldukça yaygın görülmeye başlayan Suriye-Zengi süsleme etkileri incelendiğinde özellikle iki renkli taş işçiliği, kubbede mukarnas bezeme, zikzaklı kemer, zengi düğümü ve zikzaklı kemerlerin bahsi geçen şehirlerde yaygın olarak yaygın olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir. Çalışmada Kahramanmaraş, Adana ve Gaziantep şehirlerinin tarihi süreci, mimarisi ve mimaride Suriye-Zengi  etkileri konularına değinilecektir.
Wireless Voice Controlled Robotic Car
Authors: Prof. Anuja Gaikwad  , Aditya Kanojiya  , Akash Badak  , Adarsh Yadav  , Rahul Sonawane
Published: May 2023

The Wireless Voice Control Robotic Car project is a system used for security purposes. Although many wireless-controlled robots use RF modules, this project utilizes an Android smartphone for robotic control, with more control commands available compared to RF modules. To use this project, the user must install an application on their mobile device and turn on Bluetooth. Various commands, such as "go ahead," "get back," "turn left," "turn right," "stop," "break," and "show me your dance" are available. While the Robotic Car is in action, the user can watch a live video feed from the camera installed on it. In order to successfully connect to the live feed, users must configure their system with a username and password. Successful authentication is necessary to ensure that the data remains confidential. Once authentication and configuration are complete, the user has several options for camera settings
Producción científica cubana em el emerging sources citation index: Apuntes para su inclusión evaluación de la ciencia nacional
Authors: Peralta González María Josefa , Gregorio-Chaviano Orlando
Published: May 2023

Objetivo: el estudio pretende determinar la visibilidad e impacto de la producción científica cubana en el Emerging Sources Citation Index para contribuir a la necesaria inclusión en el sistema de evaluación dentro del proceso de evaluación científica institucional en Cuba.
Método: desde un enfoque bibliométrico descriptivo, se analizan los principales datos de la producción científica primaria y citatoria desde y hacia Cuba que fluye a través de la ESCI. La producción científica primaria cubana se obtuvo para toda la ventana temporal que abarca la ESCI (2005-2021). La producción científica citada se analizó en un período de los últimos 10 años (2012-2021).
Resultado: al analizar las 19 publicaciones periódicas cubanas que se encuentran indexadas en ESCI, se obtuvo como resultado que 3 publicaciones periódicas cubanas de instituciones cienfuegueras se destacan como las más productivas (Universidad y Sociedad, Revista Conrado y Medisur), sin embargo, solo Universidad y Sociedad y Revista Cubana de Física alcanzan los valores más altos del índice h para un valor de 5. La ESCI es una base de datos que permite un acercamiento más cercano a la evaluación de la investigación en Ciencias Sociales, teniendo en cuenta las categorías temáticas que más representan la producción científica cubana indexada. Durante el período de 2005 a 2021, la ESCI visibiliza el 43,4 % de la producción científica cubana dentro de la colección principal de WoS, lo que demuestra que no solo los principales índices deben tenerse en cuenta para el equilibrio de los procesos científicos en Cuba. La producción científica cubana en ESCI tuvo una tendencia creciente, representando las revistas cubanas indexadas en esta base de datos el 56% del volumen total analizado. La investigación cubana visible desde la ESCI influye en el 94% de las categorías temáticas según la citada producción científica donde se corroboraron 143 países donde la investigación cubana impacta en 2452 revistas. El 40% de las autocitas de esta base de datos proviene de revistas cubanas.
Conclusiones: es fundamental para la evaluación de los procesos científicos en Cuba incluir la base de datos ESCI de la colección principal de WoS, teniendo en cuenta el desempeño alcanzado desde el inicio de la indexación de la producción científica. Es una fuente de información con niveles de indexación y evaluación de la calidad de las revistas. También es importante considerar la autocitación como un fenómeno que puede conducir a la endogamia y perjudicar la visibilidad científica futura. Este estudio presenta por primera vez el estatus de las revistas cubanas en la ESCI.
Inovasi Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya dalam Menyelesaikan Kasus Sengketa Pertanahan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya
Authors: Zulbaili  , Hajad Vellayati
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi Badan pertanahan Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya dalam menyelesaikan kasus sengketa di Aceh Barat Daya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk melihat bagaimana proses dari strategi yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya melalui mediasi dan pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan studi kasus untuk mengetahui dan melihat strategi yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Pertanahan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan sengketa pertanahan. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui wawancara dengan Seksi Penetapan Hak dan Pendaftaran, Staf Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya, masyarakat serta melalui observasi lapangan dan dokumentasi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa adanya proses dalam penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui mediasi di lingkungan masyarakat dan Badan pertanahan Nasional Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya sebagai mediator, serta harus berperan dengan baik dan tidak memihak dengan salah satu pihak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah cara yang dapat dilakukan dalam proses penyelesaian sengketa dapat dilakukan melalui dua cara yaitu jalur mediasi dan jalur pengadilan. Proses penyelesaian sengketa pertanahan melalui gelaran mediasi yang terlebih dahulu harus adanya pengaduan peninjauan melakukan pemanggilan kepada para pihak dalam upaya gelaran mediasi dan dapat berjalan dengan baik.
NIGERIA'S BANKING SECTOR REFORMS AND COMMERCIAL BANKS' PERFORMANCE: A SIMPLE TEST OF THE MODIFIED PANTULA PRINCIPLE
Authors: Bernhard O. ISHIORO, Ph.D
Published: May 2023

This study examined the achievement of organizational goals by deposit money banks following the period of banking sector reform. Annual time series data from the banking industry and the Nigerian economy for the period 1990 to 2020 were used to implement a simplified version of the modified Pantula Principle (an improved cointegrating technique). Three sets of reforms and bank performance measures, including bank-specific, industry-specific, and macroeconomic indicators, were identified and adopted. The empirical findings obtained from our analysis revealed that there are no long-run connections between selected performance measures and some bank-specific, industry-specific, and macroeconomic variables, implying that the reforms had no long-term impact on the statutory achievement of the banks' goals in Nigeria during and beyond the era.

Keywords: Pantula Principle; Banking Sector Reforms; Banks' Performance; Nigeria.

JEL Classification : C18,G21,G28
DIGITAL FINANCE AND FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN NIGERIA: ARE THEY SIAMESE TWINS?
Authors: Bernhard O. ISHIORO, Ph.D
Published: May 2023

The link between Financial inclusion (FIN ) and digital finance(DF) is the primary subject of this research.  Digital finance and inclusive financial though have been adjudged to be related; there are quite a plethora of issues that are still unclear concerning the nature and type of their relationship. Why are they related and at what point are they related? Short or long-run relationship? To clarify these issues, the study applied the Auto regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) long-run cointegrating technique to explicate our econometric models. Our data is time series in nature and is for  Nigeria. The study established that, internet-powered electronic device users, a proxy for digital finance has a positive long-run relationship with FIN while Automated Teller machine (ATM) ownership and usage has a negative long-run relationship with FIN. The study recommended that internet service providers (ISPs) be integrated into the Nigerian FIN paradigm to enhance the accuracy and viability of financial service provision, leading to a decline in the unbanked population.

Keywords: Digital finance, FIN, financial services, ARDL Bounds Test, Nigeria.
ASSOCIATION OF VITAMIN D AND INSULIN RESISTANCE IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Authors: Mahmood Amal , Sattar Abdul , Shaheen Sajida , Bin Khalid Usama , Ahmad Shakil
Published: May 2023

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the association of vitamin D deficiency with insulin resistance among women diagnosed with gestational diabetes.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and duration of study: This study was conducted from January 2021 to December 2021 at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Lahore.

Methodology: Two hundred pregnant women in the age group 20-35 years with gestational diabetes diagnosed by using 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test were included. Fasting blood specimens for glucose, insulin and vitamin D were obtained and analyzed on Roche Cobas c501 and Cobas e411. Based on the vitamin D level, enrolled patients were classified as vitamin D sufficient and vitamin D deficient using vitamin D cut off 20 nmol/L. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated for estimation of insulin resistance. Fasting glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA IR were compared between the two groups.

Results: In this study, 200 pregnant women were inducted. Median age was 28 years (IQR 24-31). Median fasting plasma glucose, Vitamin D levels and HOMA-IR of the study population were 5.3 mmol/L, 19.5 nmol/L and 2.7 respectively. Mann-Whitney U test showed a significant difference (p<0.001) of vitamin D levels among insulin resistant and non- resistant patients. A strong association (p<0.001) between insulin resistance and vitamin D deficiency was established by Chi-square test. Spearman correlation between insulin resistance and vitamin D levels showed negative correlation between insulin resistance and vitamin D levels (r = -0.89).

Conclusion: A strong association was found between vitamin D deficiency and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The negative correlation (r=-0.89) indicated that severe the deficiency of vitamin D, more pronounced the insulin resistance among pregnant women having GDM.
PENGARUH PENERIMAAN PAJAK DAERAH DAN RETRIBUSI DAERAH DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN ASLI DAERAH PADA BPPKAD KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Faisol Muhammad , Hudzafidah Khusnik , Rustianawati Mutimmah
Published: May 2023

Peneliti menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dan mengambil sampel berupa data penerimaan dan realisasi pajak di lima kecamatan yang ada di Kota Probolinggo, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan dokumentasi dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampling incidental. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji multikolinieritas, uji autokorelasi, uji heterokedastisitas, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji t, uji f, koefisien derminasi dan uji dominan.Hasil penelitian Uji Normalitas menunjukan data terdistribusi normal. Uji Multikolinieritas menunjukan variabel bebas (X) dan variabel (Y) tidak terdapat korelasi antar variabel independen atau model regresi bebas dari Multikolinieritas. Uji Heterokedastisitas menunjukan tidak terjadi heterokedastisitas. Uji Autokorelasi menunjukan tidak terjadi autokorelasi. Uji F menunjukan bahwa variabel bebas berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah (Y). Uji t menunjukan bahwa variabel pajak daerah (X1) berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap pendapatan asli daerah (Y). Pengaruh retribusi daerah terhadap Y, artinya retribusi daerah (X2) tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak (Y), Uji Determinasi menunjukan bahwa nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,755 hal ini berarti 75,5% variabel dependen dipengaruhi oleh variabel independen. Sedangkan sisanya 24,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak termasuk dalam penelitian ini. variabel bebas yang lebih dominan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan asli daerah ditunjukan dari nilai Beta variabel pajak daerah (X1) = 0,587 lebih besar dari Standardized Coefficients Beta retribusi daerah (X2) = 0,437 Dengan demikian terbukti jika hipotesis ke dua dapat diterima yaitu “pajak daerah (X1) yang lebih dominan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di kota Probolinggo.
PENGARUH SERVICESCAPE, MEREK DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN SEPEDA MOTOR YAMAHA PADA DEALER KARTIKA 3 KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Ilahi Dewi Wahyu , Elmas Muhammad Syarif Hidayatullah , Ngatimun Ngatimun
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Dealer Kartika 3 Kabupaten Probolinggo dengan tujuan penelitian yang hendak dicapai adalah a) untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara Servicescape, Merek dan Harga Secara Simultan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha Pada Dealer Kartika 3 Kabupaten Probolinggo. b) untuk mengetahui adanya pengaruh yang signifikan antara Servicescape, Merek dan Harga Secara Parsial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha Pada Dealer Kartika 3 Kabupaten Probolinggo. c) untuk mengetahui variabel diantara Servicescape, Merek dan Harga yang berpengaruh dominan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian sepeda motor Yamaha Pada Dealer Kartika 3 Kabupaten Probolinggo. Jenis pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu jenis penelitian Asosiatif, dengan variabel yang digunakan meliputi Servicescape, Merek, Harga dan Keputusan Pembelian. Metode analisis data hasil penelitian ini yaitu metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan statistik berupa analisis regresi berganda.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh antara Servicescape, Merek dan Harga Secara Parsial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha Pada Dealer Kartika 3 Kabupaten Probolinggo dan hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan ada pengaruh antara Servicescape, Merek dan Harga Secara Parsial Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Sepeda Motor Yamaha Pada Dealer Kartika 3 Kabupaten Probolinggo.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI, DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIFITAS KERJA PEGAWAI PADA DINAS KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN PERTANIAN KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Nuraini Dewi , Hidayati RR Setyani , Hermanto Hermanto
Published: May 2023

Penelitian dilakukan terhadap Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Pertanian Kabupaten Probolinggo tahun 2018-2019 dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepemimpinan, motivasi dan pelatihan terhadap produktivitas kerja pegawai pada dinas ketahanan pangan dan pertanian kabupaten probolinggo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan (X1) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja (Y) dengan nilai Thitung = 5,973, variabel motivasi (X2) secara parsial, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel produktivitas kerja (Y) dengan nilai Thitung = 5,310, Sedangkan variabel pelatihan (X3) secara parsial, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel produktivitas kerja (Y) dengan nilai Thitung = 3,792. Serta membuktikan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan (X1) berpengaruh dominan terhadap variabel produktivitas kerja (Y) pada dinas ketahanan pangan dan pertanian kabupaten probolinggo, hal ini ditunjukkan dari nilai Thitung variabel kepemimpinan (X1) = 5,973 nilai lebih besar dari Thitung variabel motivasi (X2) = 5,310 dan nilai Thitung variabel pelatihan (X3) = 3,792.
Effect of Monetary Reward Strategies on National Police Service Delivery in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Shitsama Ayuma Sheila , Kiongera Fredrick , Otuya Willis
Published: May 2023

Despite the fact that the National Police Service (NPS) is mandated to protect the lives and properties of the people as stipulated in the Kenyan constitution, it continues to face unprecedented pressure to improve its services to the public. Despite several changes being witnessed in the recent past, including annual recruitment of personnel, increased recruit training duration, acquisition of sophisticated weapons, advancement in technology, and most recently the merger of KPS and APS officers to increase personnel , no significant changes have been witnessed when it comes to efficiency in their service delivery. According to Kenya crime rates and statistics, there has been a sharp increase in crime rates in Kenya for 2020–2021, with an 8.21 percent increase. The general objective of this study was to establish the effect of monetary reward strategies on the delivery of services for the National Police of Nairobi's devolved government. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. The NPS staff population in Nairobi County is 9530, of which 400 were sampled with a turnout of 338. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted. The results of this research were useful not only to the county of Nairobi but also to the government of Kenya and all stakeholders once it was undertaken. For instance, for the county of Nairobi, the research would help meet their strategic plan on sustainable security. For the government of Kenya, the research would be very important in helping it meet its 2030 vision and, hence, provide security to its citizens. The findings were that monetary reward strategies had a significant positive effect on the delivery of services by the NPS in Nairobi County. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected (t=3.427, p<0.05). The NPS should prioritize the adoption of financial changes that will improve service performance. There should be focus on the needs and desires of police officers, create individualized efforts, and create positive relationships between senior officers and their subordinates. Officers should have access to higher salaries, savings co-ops, and enhanced allowances, and be inspired by honoring the best-performing officers.
Short communication: The Wasserstein distance as a dissimilarity metric for comparing detrital age spectra and other geological distributions
Authors: Lipp Alex , Vermeesch Pieter
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Distributional data such as detrital age populations or grain size distributions are common in the geological sciences. As analytical techniques become more sophisticated, increasingly large amounts of distributional data are being gathered. These advances require quantitative and objective methods, such as multidimensional scaling (MDS), to analyse large numbers of samples. Crucial to such methods is choosing a sensible measure of dissimilarity between samples. At present, the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic is the most widely used of these dissimilarity measures. However, the KS statistic has some limitations such as high sensitivity to differences between the modes of two distributions and insensitivity to their tails. Here, we propose the Wasserstein-2 distance (W2) as an additional and alternative metric for use in geochronology. Whereas the KS distance is defined as the maximum vertical distance between two empirical cumulative distribution functions, the W2 distance is a function of the horizontal distances (i.e. age differences) between observations. Using a variety of synthetic and real datasets, we explore scenarios where the W2 may provide greater geological insight than the KS statistic. We find that in cases where absolute time differences are not relevant (e.g. mixing of known, discrete age peaks), the KS statistic can be more intuitive. However, in scenarios where absolute age differences are important (e.g. temporally and/or spatially evolving sources, thermochronology, and overcoming laboratory biases), W2 is preferable. The W2 distance has been added to the R package, IsoplotR, for immediate use in detrital geochronology and other applications. The W2 distance can be generalized to multiple dimensions, which opens opportunities beyond distributional data.
Incomprehensible Concepts and Contexts: Teaching The Duchess of Malfi in Bhutan
Authors: Kuruvella Babu Shankar Rao
Published: May 2023

Teaching a Jacobean British text such as The Duchess of Malfi by John Webster to the Bhutanese students was a real challenge as the text deals with a world of class and gender hierarchy. Living in a Buddhist country, where even the killing of animals for food is prohibited and the Gross National Happiness is prioritized, the psychological trauma and the violent and gory events portrayed in the play appalled the students. The students could not imagine a world of female subjugation, gory, and bloodshed. Therefore, the teacher takes caste and community-based honor killing contemporary examples from their neighboring country, India, to explicate the world of the Duchess. Thus, they could understand a culturally different text via examples from India.
Inequality
Authors: Buchheit Paul
Published: May 2023

Poetry
Los “vagabundos útiles”, una nueva categoría fiscal indígena quiteña en el siglo XVII
Authors: Ciriza-Mendívil Carlos D.
Published: May 2023

A partir de la división de la América Hispana en dos repúblicas –españoles e indígenas– a las que, en principio, correspondía el espacio urbano y el rural, se configuró una sociedad teóricamente estática y rígida. Así, esta división, implicaba que los indígenas, en tanto que naturales de un espacio no debían moverse. De hacerlo, pasaban a convertirse en forasteros e incluso en vagabundos, desvinculados de cualquier comunidad, sin servir la mita y sin pagar un tributo. Así, esta movilidad, que en lugares como Quito ya se producía en época prehispánica, suponían un verdadero problema para la Administración Hispana, tanto en lo relativo al control humano, como de la mano de obra y, especialmente, tributario. El presente artículo analiza la respuesta de la Audiencia de Quito a esta problemática mediante la creación de una nueva categoría fiscal indígena en torno a dicha movilidad, específicamente, a partir de los vagabundos que desde el siglo XVI proliferaban en la capital de la audiencia. Este estudio muestra la extensión de esta nueva categoría fiscal, su denominación, cómo se construyó a partir de los elementos preexistentes en el tributo indígena y, también, finalmente, cómo dicha categoría se vio afectada por las mismas dificultades y problemáticas que afectaban al tributo de los indígenas naturales.
La Venus profana. Mujer y transgresión en los primeros encuentros del Pacífico Sur
Authors: Burón Díaz Manuel
Published: May 2023

Algunos de los debates centrales de la antropología, así como algunos de los malentendidos culturales más notorios de la historia, han girado en torno a la mujer en el Pacífico Sur. Este artículo propone una aproximación etnográfica al papel de las mujeres en los ‘primeros encuentros’ entre europeos y polinesios, basado en la mayor comprensión que hoy tenemos acerca del pensamiento y la costumbre de los pueblos del Pacífico. Este ha sido un tema de discusión que se ha solido basar casi exclusivamente en las experiencias británicas y francesas del siglo XVIII. Proponemos añadir a él las descripciones, relaciones y crónicas que también realizaran peruanos, novohispanos y españoles, ampliando así su rango cronológico y geográfico, tratando de arrojar nueva luz sobre el papel crucial de la mujer indígena del Pacífico.
La justicia de paz de la ciudad de Buenos Aires a mediados de la década de 1830. Un análisis a partir de los juicios verbales y conciliaciones del Cuaderno de Demandas del Juzgado de Paz de San Telmo
Authors: Gastellu Sofía
Published: May 2023

Este artículo analiza la justicia de paz de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, mediante un estudio de los juicios verbales y las conciliaciones llevadas a cabo durante 1836 en el Juzgado de Paz de San Telmo. Para ello, explora un documento excepcional por su conservación y su contenido: el Cuaderno de Demandas de dicho Juzgado de Paz, una fuente única en su tipo para la justicia de paz de la ciudad. Desde la perspectiva de la historia social de la justicia, el estudio se centra en cuatro focos de análisis. Explora aspectos básicos de la administración de justicia de paz en la ciudad de Buenos Aires, detalla los antecedentes del juicio verbal y la conciliación, el rol de los archivos en la conservación de documentos sobre formas de justicia verbales y cara a cara y, finalmente, se concentra en el Cuaderno de Demandas. La pregunta que orienta nuestra investigación plantea qué puede decirnos sobre el pasado de las formas de juzgar el prisma de la justicia de paz de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. En ese sentido, la fuente nos permite responder preguntas clave sobre el acceso a la baja justicia durante el rosismo: ¿quiénes se acercaron al juez de paz para pedir justicia?, ¿qué motivación tuvieron las demandas?, ¿cuáles eran los montos involucrados?, ¿cómo se dirimieron los conflictos?; y, finalmente, ¿qué condiciones de accesibilidad y efectividad tuvo la justicia de paz en la ciudad de Buenos Aires?
The effect of vit D3 deficiency on increased incidence of convulsion in epileptic patients
Authors:   Al Muthanna University, College of Medicine, Department of surgery, Al-dahhan Musaed Hekmat
Published: May 2023

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder affecting all age groups We sought to assess the longitudinal effect of antiepileptic drug on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], with recurrent attack of epileptic fits. The study consisted of two parallel, 1-year, prospective, randomized, dose-ranging trials conducted in two groups of ambulatory patients, for 46 patients based on clinical presentation of the patient together with confirmed diagnosis by EEG. The patients improved when maintenance dose of Vit D3 with daily taken to restore the normal level, with measurements for all patient 95 % of patient recovered from an epileptic fits with increase the level of Vit D3 to the normal value. In conclusions, majority of the patients should be treated with an escalating regimen of vitamin D, with doses varying between 400 and 15,000 IU/day.
Obstáculos Mentales para el Rendimiento Tenístico en Situaciones de Partidos Estresantes
Authors: Di Carlo Federico
Published: May 2023

EL rendimiento tenístico está determinado por el potencial, menos la interferencia. Los paradigmas mentales negativos suelen ser la causa de tal interferencia pues provocan cambios psicológicos que determinan los cambios de momento dentro de un partido. Los paradigmas subconscientes son subjetivos y se originan en el sistema nervioso para evitar y superar las situaciones estresantes. Mediante el entrenamiento cognitivo es posible trabajar y resolver tales interferencias. Los jugadores de elite tienen una ventaja competitiva ya que sobrellevan las interferencias mencionadas en situaciones de partidos estresantes con un esquema mental positivo y funcional.
Herramientas para Elaborar un Ciclo de Entrenamiento Adecuado
Authors: Fernández José Antonio
Published: May 2023

En el presente artículo se presentan una serie de herramientas que puede utilizar el entrenador en el “proceso de evolución” para lograr mantenerse a sí mismo y a sus alumnos en un buen estado mental, emocional y físico, que permita un desarrollo continuo y al más alto nivel posible. Se hace hincapié en el estado que se busca y en el orden en que se van implementando los conceptos puesto que los métodos son solo una ayuda. Los métodos no deben llegar a coartar la libertad del entrenador, sino a liberar el potencial que se encuentra en nosotros. Son una pauta para manejar el proceso de mejorar.
El Tenis Femenino: su Metodología de Entrenamiento y Evolución hasta el Momento Actual
Authors: Francín Veciana Montserrat
Published: May 2023

El articulo trata del tratamiento metodológico en el deporte del tenis, de sus diferentes corrientes metodológicas a través de la historia y de las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada una de ellas. Por otro lado se presentan algunos datos estadísticos en relación a la metodología utilizada en el entrenamiento de tenis actual en los que se analiza las pautas de intensidad y volumen al igual que las pautas de recuperación y otros aspectos relacionados con la didáctica.
Learn, move, compete: an alternative approach to mini tennis lessons
Authors: Wigham Matt , Wheatley Simon
Published: May 2023

In this article, we look at how competition is presented in the traditional mini tennis lesson, finding that it typically occurs once, at the end of the session.  We then explore some of the limitations associated with competition in this format. Following that, we discuss the importance of developing competitive capabilities, and propose an alternative way of approaching the mini tennis lesson to provide more opportunity for competition while systematically developing tactical and technical skills in a manner consistent with findings from skill acquisition research. This methodological approach, we suggest, provides a more fertile environment in which to develop competitive performers alongside the tactical and technical performance factors.
Experiments to identify the optimal sound to use in a new sound ball to improve recruitment, retention, health, and wellness for blind and visually impaired tennis players
Authors: Roth Jennifer , Squelch Costa Dana , Roth Stephan A. , Rose Christen , Gibbs Robert N. , Liu Kaihong , Liu-Lopez Isabela , Wagle Marquelle , Proulx Michael J.
Published: May 2023

Within the sport of Blind and Visually Impaired (BVI) Tennis, the choice of sound is important in locating the ball. We conducted two experiments to choose a sound that will improve the localizability of the ball, in response to a request for new ball development from the International Blind Tennis Association (IBTA). We screened sounds (freesounds.com) for characteristics that the brain best exploits for sound source localization (Risoud et al, 2018). Sample sounds (23) were tested on an outdoor BVI court in a public park using five Bluetooth speakers, and then replicated in an indoor setting; the environments were otherwise naturalistic and unaltered. Blindfolded-sighted participants (n=29) pointed to where they believed sounds originated, by moving an arrow attached to a large protractor. Degree angles were recorded and converted to absolute degree angle error. The standard BVI tennis rattle ball sound resulted in 9.56 degrees of average angular error at a 30-foot distance. After eliminating sounds that 2 or more people either could not hear in either soundscape or that people had degree angle errors over 15 degrees, we discovered a superior localizable sound that resulted in only 4.00 degrees of average angular error at a 30-foot distance.
Tipos de apoyo en el servicio y altura de los jugadores. Un estudio con los mejores sacadores de la historia
Authors: Vila Pascual Juan
Published: May 2023

Uno de los indicadores de rendimiento más importantes en tenis es el saque. Sabiendo la gran relevancia de este golpe, los objetivos de este estudio eran investigar; el efecto de la altura de los jugadores en el servicio, los dos tipos de apoyos en el saque (pies juntos o pinpoint stance y pies separados o platform stance), y, por último, ver si había una relación entre la altura de los jugadores y la utilización de estos apoyos en el saque. Todo esto, sobre una muestra de los 50 mejores sacadores por efectividad de la historia (ATP). Los resultados obtenidos, remarcaron la gran importancia que tiene la altura en el saque. Además, el 72% de estos mejores sacadores, utilizaban el apoyo pinpoint stance, denotando mayores ventajas de este apoyo sobre el de platform stance. Finalmente, se pudo ver que cuanto mayor era la altura de los jugadores, más utilizaban el apoyo pinpoint o de pies juntos. En cambio, cuanto menos medían, utilizaban más el apoyo platform. A tenor de estos resultados, se podría ayudar a los entrenadores para recomendar un apoyo u otro, dependiendo de la altura y estilo de juego de los jugadores.
Growth and maturity status of young elite and sub-elite tennis players
Authors: Söğüt Mustafa , Ödemiş Hasan , Durmuş Durukan
Published: May 2023

The purposes of this study were to determine the growth and maturity status of young competitive tennis players and to examine their associations with national rankings. The participants were 36 male and 34 female players who competed in the U14 national team selection tournament in 2022. They were divided into three groups according to their results and entries as national players (n = 8), main draw players (n = 31), and qualifying players (n = 31). Ages at peak height velocity and growth status were calculated. Regardless of gender, the mean height and body mass percentiles of players were above the 60th centile. In girls, the results indicated that both national and main draw players were significantly more advanced in maturation (p< 0.05) and had higher body mass indexes (p< 0.05) than qualifying players. In boys, no significant differences were observed among the three groups for all variables. Correlation results showed that maturity status was the most correlated (p< 0.01) variable in girls. No significant relationships between rankings and other variables were obtained for boys. These results suggest that physical size and advanced maturity should be taken into consideration in the selection and identification of youth elite female tennis players.
Storytelling and tennis: coaching, marketing and selling the game
Authors: Crespo Dualde Andrés
Published: May 2023

Storytelling, understood as the art of sharing stories that support a certain narrative, has evolved into an extremely useful tool for conveying the message appropriate to a given purpose. It is used by organisations and individuals and applied to many contexts that range from politics to business, arts, or sports. The purpose of this article is to reflect on the main characteristics of this phenomena including its definition, importance, origin, evolution but, most importantly, its application to different tennis contexts.
Theories of Skill Acquisition: Implications for Tennis Coaching
Authors: Parry Tom , O'Rourke Larissa
Published: May 2023

This article discusses different theories of skill learning, including ecological dynamics, and their implications for coaching and practice design. Concerns with current beliefs about skill acquisition and the associated traditional practice methods will be discussed. The major tenets of ecological dynamics will be presented, followed by some practice design recommendations for coaches. The goal of this paper is to introduce coaches to a more contemporary theoretical framework of skill acquisition that will drive the exploration of new practice methods to maximize skill development across all ages.
The tennis coach as a leader
Authors: Cahill Garry
Published: May 2023

Tennis coaches are leaders! Success as a tennis coach involves far more than simply hitting balls over a net on a daily basis as the role involves leading diverse stakeholders such as club managers, parents, committees, and most importantly players. The development of leadership skills has received growing interest in recent years and it is widely accepted that there is a  link between leadership skills and corporate success. Sports researchers have recognised the ecological system that surrounds an athlete and the multiple stakeholders connected to their development. However, little is known about how the tennis coach should be educated and prepared to deal with the coach’s leadership demands, and in particular, the softer skills needed to become a more effective sports leader. The aim of this article is to provide tennis coaches with a brief context surrounding the necessity for leadership skills as a tennis coach. Secondly, the article provides a three-step process based on self-reflection and self-awareness to help coaches consider their individual leadership development.
Computer Vision Syndrome: An Emerging Public Health Problem Amongst Secondary School Students in South East Nigeria in the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Okeke Suhanyah , N Asimadu Ifeoma , Kizor-Akaraiw Nkiru N
Published: May 2023

Background: Globally, Covid-19 pandemic pushed all students indoors. This necessitated mandatory e-learning for all students. Students were compelled to spend 8-12 hours in front of digital devices. This unregulated e-learning has left students at risk of developing Computer Vision Syndrome, (CVS). CVS, a spectrum of eye and vision related problems resulting from the uninterrupted use of digital devices for as little as 2 hours per day, is an emerging public health challenge. This study aimed to assess the ocular, visual and systemic presentations of CVS amongst secondary school students and the associated risk factors.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional study. The data was generated using self-administered questionnaire and was analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Frequency and percentage of quantifiable variables were analyzed. The independent variables and the dependent variables were grouped and their associations were analyzed. P-value of 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: A total of 1695 students participated. Commonest ocular symptoms were eye rubbing 33.0% and tearing 31.0%, while the commonest visual symptom was blurry vision 49.5%. Headache was the major systemic complaint 44.1%. Prolonged use of devices for 3 or more hours and use of 3 or more devices often resulted in some visual symptoms. These were statistically significant with a p value of < 0.001.
Conclusion: The study observed that duration of exposure to digital screen has linear relationship to CVS. It also noted that number of digital devices used, hours spent and continuous use of screens are strong risk factors for developing CVS.

Keywords: Computer Vision Syndrome, e- learning, pandemic
Debt Management Practices and Financial Performance of Sugar Processing Companies in Kenya (Case Study of Western Region)
Authors: Wanyama Diana Nafula , Gichure Joseph
Published: May 2023

The study sought to determine the effect of debt management practices (client appraisal, credit risk, collection policy, and credit terms) on financial performance of sugar processing companies in Western Region, Kenya. The general objective of this study was to establish how debt management practices affects financial performance of sugar Processing companies. Specifically, the study sought to establish the effect of credit terms on financial performance of sugar processing companies; to determine the effect of client appraisal on financial performance; to evaluate the effect of credit risk control measures on financial performance; to evaluate the effect of credit collection policies on financial performance of sugar processing companies in Kenya. The study was based on the following theories: The 5 C’s Model of Client Appraisal, Theory of the Pecking Order theory and liquidity practice Theory. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study; the target population will comprise of all managers of the 4 sugar companies in Western Kenya. Data collected through a structured questionnaire. Cronbach (Alpha – α) model used to test the internal consistency while validity ensured by incorporating suggestions from supervisors and expert. Both descriptive and inferential statistics used to analyze the data. Data presentation was done by the use of charts and tables for ease of understanding and interpretation.

Keywords: Debt Management Practices, Financial Performance, Client Appraisal, Credit Risk Control
Inoculação de sementes de milho com Trichoderma harzianum: efeitos na redução de fungos e qualidade fisiológica.
Authors:   , Claudenice Lins Bezerra Maria
Published: May 2023

O milho (Zea mays L.) é acometido por uma infinidade de doenças, que na maioria das vezes são disseminadas pelas sementes, causando grandes danos e prejuízos na produção. Sendo assim, o tratamento de sementes é imprescindível para garantir uma boa produtividade com maiores rendimentos. Objetivou-se determinar os efeitos do Trichoderma harzianum na qualidade fisiológica do milho de três lotes cultivados por pequenos agricultores: Lote 1 do município de Sumé – PB, lote 2 do município de Monteiro - PB e lote 3 do município da Prata – PB. Todas as sementes foram submetidas a tratamento com Trichoderma harzianum em diferentes concentrações. Na testemunha, todos os testes foram feitos apenas com imersão em ADE. Nos tratamentos com Trichoderma harzianum, o biocontrolador foi aplicado diretamente nas sementes, assim como o fungicida. O delineamento utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado. Foram identificados nas sementes de milho oriundas dos municípios paraibanos os seguintes fungos: Aspergillus sp.; Aspergillus niger; Penicillium sp. e Fusarium sp. O uso de Trichoderma harzianum nas concentrações de 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 e 400/100kg sementes na concentração de 1,0 x 1010 aplicado nas sementes de milho foram eficazes na redução de Aspergillus sp.; Aspergillus niger; Penicillium sp. e Fusarium sp. O Trichoderma harzianum não interferiu negativamente na qualidade fisiológica das sementes e proporcionou um aumento nos percentuais de germinação.