bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Change in Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Risk for Proteinuria Development: Analysis of a Nationwide Population-Based Database
Authors: Suzuki Yuta , Kaneko Hidehiro , Okada Akira , Itoh Hidetaka , Morita Kojiro , Fujiu Katsuhito , Michihata Nobuaki , Jo Taisuke , Takeda Norifumi , Morita Hiroyuki , Yamaguchi Satoko , Kamiya Kentaro , Matsunaga Atsuhiko , Ako Junya , Fukui Akira , Nishiyama Akira , Yokoo Takashi , Node Koichi , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Nangaku Masaomi , Yasunaga Hideo , Komuro Issei
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Evidence is lacking regarding the association between cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics and the risk for proteinuria. Methods: We performed this observational cohort study including 865,087 participants (median age, 46 years, 60.7% men) with negative proteinuria at the initial health check-up, who underwent repeated health check-ups within 4 years. Ideal CVH metrics included nonsmoking, body mass index <25 kg/m2, physical activity at goal, eating breakfast, blood pressure <120/80 mm Hg, fasting plasma glucose <100 mg/dL, and total cholesterol <200 mg/dL. The primary outcome was incident proteinuria, defined as ≥1 + on the urine dipstick test. Results: Participants were categorized as having low CVH metrics defined as having 0–2 ideal CVH metrics (n = 84,439), middle CVH metrics defined as having 3–4 ideal CVH metrics (n = 335,773), and high CVH metrics defined as having 5–7 ideal CVH metrics (n = 444,875). Compared with low CVH metrics, middle CVH metrics (odds ratio (OR): 0.61, 95% CI: 0.59–0.63) and high CVH metrics (OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.43–0.46) were associated with a lower risk of proteinuria. The OR of a one-point increase in the ideal number of CVH metrics was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.82–0.83). All CVH metrics components except for ideal total cholesterol were associated with a decreased risk of proteinuria. A one-point improvement in the number of ideal CVH metrics at 1 year after the initial health check-up was associated with a decreased incidence of proteinuria (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.89–0.92). Conclusion: Not only maintaining better CVH metrics but also improving CVH metrics would prevent developing proteinuria in a general population.
Utility of CHA2DS2-VASc Score to Predict Mid-Term Clinical Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Okubo Aiko , Doi Toshiki , Morii Kenichi , Nishizawa Yoshiko , Yamashita Kazuomi , Shigemoto Kenichiro , Mizuiri Sonoo , Usui Koji , Arita Michiko , Naito Takayuki , Masaki Takao
Published: March 2022

Background: The CHA2DS2-VASc score has been widely used to predict stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Recently, it was reported that the CHA2DS2-VASc score helps predict cardiovascular disease (CVD) or all-cause mortality in patients with or without AF. However, few reports have examined the association between this score and mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: We analyzed 557 consecutive patients who initiated HD at our facilities between February 2005 and October 2017. The CHA2DS2-VASc score was calculated at the time of initiation of HD. Patients were then categorized into three groups according to their CHA2DS2-VASc scores: 0–1 (low), 2–3 (intermediate), and 4–9 (high). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess independent risk factors for 3-year all-cause mortality. Results: During the 3-year follow-up period, 153 (27.5%) patients died (cardiovascular death: n = 88). According to multivariate analysis, serum albumin (hazard ratio [HR] 0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.43–0.85, p = 0.003), creatinine (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99, p = 0.049), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.46, p < 0.001) were associated with 3-year all-cause mortality. Compared with patients in the low CHA2DS2-VASc score group, those in the intermediate- and high-score groups had a higher risk for all-cause and CVD mortality (all-cause mortality: HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.23–2.55, p = 0.002 and HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.90–4.53, p < 0.001, respectively; CVD mortality: HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.27–2.59, p = 0.001 and HR 2.85, 95% CI 1.88–4.31, p < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is a valuable predictor of 3-year all-cause and CVD mortality in incident HD patients.
Correlation between Tubulointerstitial Lesion and Blood Pressure in Lupus Nephritis Patients: A Pathological, Retrospective Study
Authors: Yuan Ruili , Zhong Yu , Zeng Yan , Zhang Jing
Published: March 2022

Objective: The objective was to study the influence of pathological factors of glomerular lesion (GL), tubulointerstitial lesion (TIL), and arteriosclerotic lesion on the blood pressure (BP) of lupus nephritis (LN). Methods: The pathological data and clinical characteristics of 69 LN patients who underwent their first renal biopsy in Chengdu Second People’s Hospital from 2012 to 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The revised 2018 ISN/RPS classification criteria of LN were used to assess the GL and TIL. The lesion index of interlobar/arcuate artery and arteriolar was calculated. Multiple linear regressions were used to analyze the effects of GL, TIL, and vascular lesion (VL) on estimated glomerular filtration rate, systolic BP (SBP), and proteinuria. Results: TIL and VL scores were different between the various grades of BP (p = 0.009, 0.019). After adjusting for gender and age, multiple linear regression showed that only TIL was linearly correlated with SBP (p = 0.022). Conclusion: After adjusting for gender and age, TIL is related to SBP and has a linear relationship with them.
Canine gastrointestinal pythiosis
Authors: Aguiar Daniel Moura de , Sifuentes Manoela , Magalhães Aline , Pereira Nathalia , Pescador Caroline , Cândido Stéfano , Dutra Valéria , Nakazato Luciano , Barreto Uiara , Burema Mayara , Néspoli Pedro , Rodrigues Juliana
Published: March 2022

Pythiosis is caused by an aquatic fungus-like organism (Pythium insidiosum). It is considered an important public health issue as it can affect both animals and humans. This paper reports a case of gastrointestinal pythiosis in a dog. The patient was hospitalized for four days, during which the animal received supportive and symptomatic treatment. But the applied treatment was unsuccessful and the dog’s clinical condition worsened, culminating in death. Complementary imaging tests such as radiography and ultrasonography, as well as hematological tests, were performed during the hospitalization period. The definitive diagnosis was reached in the postmortem as macroscopic and microscopic characteristics suggested the presence of intestinal granuloma and accentuated multifocal suppurative necrotic enteritis. Additionally, the histological evaluation revealed morphological structures compatible with P. insidiosum. Also, the results of nested PCR performedshowed partial amplification (105 bp) of the ITS1 region of the ribosomal gene of P. insidiosum.
Immediate Recanalization of Large‐Vessel Occlusions by Tissue Plasminogen Activator Occurs in 28% of Patients Treated in a Mobile Stroke Unit
Authors: Czap Alexandra L. , Parker Stephanie , Yamal Jose‐Miguel , Wang Mengxi , Singh Noopur , Zou Jinhao , Phan Kenny , Rajan Suja S. , Grotta James C. , Bowry Ritvij
Published: March 2022

Background

Recanalization of cerebral large‐vessel occlusions (LVOs) by intravenous thrombolysis is infrequent but has been relatively unexplored with ultraearly treatment. We evaluated prehospital treatment with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in a mobile stroke unit to explore the recanalization rate in patients with LVOs and its effect on early clinical improvement and long‐term disability.

Methods

Prospectively collected data were analyzed from Houston mobile stroke unit patients who were treated with tPA and had LVOs identified by either hyperdense arteries on computed tomography or arterial occlusion on computed tomography angiography while on board the mobile stroke unit. The primary outcome was immediate recanalization (IRC), categorized as resolution of LVO on repeat vascular imaging in the emergency department (ED) or on emergent angiography. The secondary outcome was change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from baseline and modified Rankin score at 90 days.

Results

Sixty‐nine patients with anterior or posterior circulation LVOs were enrolled; the median time from last known normal to tPA bolus was 64.0 minutes (interquartile range, 52.0–89.0). Nineteen patients (28%) had IRC, with 11 based on computed tomography angiography on ED arrival and 8 based on first run of emergent angiography. Median time from tPA bolus to documentation of IRC was 61.0 minutes (interquartile range, 42.0–111.0). IRC was associated with improvement in median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from baseline (17.0 [14.0–22.0]) to ED arrival (10.0 [5.5–16.5]) and to 24 hours (4.0 [0.5–10.5]). Of the non‐IRC patients, 41 had recanalization after endovascular thrombectomy and 9 did not receive recanalization. The IRC group, earlier last known normal to tPA bolus, greater baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and M1 and M2 middle cerebral artery occlusion locations were independently associated with greater improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from baseline to ED arrival. The 90‐day modified Rankin score distribution was best in the IRC group, followed by the delayed recanalization group, and both had significantly less disability than the no recanalization group (
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

Recanalization by ED arrival occured in 28% of patients with LVO who received tPA treatment in a mobile stroke unit and results in early clinical improvement and less disability at 90 days.
Endovascular Therapy Versus Medical Therapy for Acute Stroke Attributable to Isolated Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion Without Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion
Authors: Waters Michael J. , McMullan Patrick , Mitchell Peter J. , Kleinig Timothy J. , Churilov Leonid , Scroop Rebecca , Dowling Richard J. , Bush Steven J. , Nguyen Minh , Yan Bernard
Published: March 2022

Background

The optimal treatment for acute stroke attributable to isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion without intracranial target is unclear. The purpose of our study was to examine whether endovascular therapy for acute stroke attributable to isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion was associated with improved clinical outcome.

Methods

We identified patients from 2 comprehensive stroke centers during the period January 2009 to December 2019, with acute ischemic stroke attributable to cervical internal carotid artery occlusion without an intracranial occlusion. We categorized patients into 2 groups: endovascular therapy and medical therapy. Clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale score at 90 days poststroke) was compared between the 2 groups.

Results

Seventy‐three patients were included (26 women [36%]; median age, 69 [interquartile range (IQR), 60–80] years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, 11 [IQR, 5–16]). Of these, 40 patients received endovascular therapy, and 33 patients were managed with medical therapy alone. The endovascular therapy group had a significantly higher median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score on presentation (13 versus 3;
P
<0.0001). Rates of thrombolysis were also significantly higher in the endovascular group (50% versus 15%;
P
=0.002). There were no other significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. Good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0–2 at 90 days or no decline in modified Rankin scale score from baseline at 90 days) was seen in 73% of the endovascular therapy group compared with the 61% of the medical management group (odds ratio [OR] for good outcome, 1.7 [95% CI, 0.64–4.6]), despite the large discrepancy in baseline stroke severity. When restricted to patients with presenting National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥6, endovascular therapy was associated with higher rates of good clinical outcome (66% versus 18%; OR for good outcome, 9.0 [95% CI, 1.65–49.0]).

Conclusions

Endovascular therapy in isolated cervical internal carotid artery occlusion may be associated with improved outcome when compared with medical therapy. However, the significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups limit interpretation. Randomized controlled trials are necessary.
Current State of Stroke Care in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Duy Ton , Dao Xuan Co , Luong Ngoc Khue , Nguyen Trong Khoa , Nguyen Huy Thang , Nguyen Thanh N.
Published: March 2022

Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in Vietnam. This review aims to assess the current status of the stroke care system and quality criteria in the acute phase at stroke hospitals. In 2016, the Ministry of Health in Vietnam issued Circular 47, a mandate to build stroke units in Vietnam. The ANGELS program, which is supporting the World Stroke Organization to gain its goals, was implemented in 18 stroke‐ready hospitals in Vietnam to help address quality of stroke patient care in 2017. From the results achieved, we will continue to improve policies, strive to reach stroke benchmark goals, as well as plan to implement solutions in the future to build a better stroke system of care infrastructure in Vietnam.
Governance for Sustainable Development: The Value of Environmental Regulations and the Effect of Maritime Norms
Authors: Tsimplis Michael
Published: March 2022

This article examines an important area where environmental law and economics intersect and proposes a novel model to assess the economic value of environmental shipping regulations. The model is used to evaluate the effect that existing regulatory norms have on the value of shipping regulations. The norms considered include both legal arrangements established under the international law of the sea and those developed within the International Maritime Organization. These norms are found to be beneficial to the financial interests of the sector and to minimise implementation and enforcement costs. They are damaging to the environmental benefits of regulations because of exceptions granted to existing ships, prioritisation of the operational needs over environmental compliance, and the use of flag State certification as the primary method for controlling ships. The value model demonstrates that regulations targeting the most polluting ships, and selectively implemented, would be superior to the current uniform implementation approach.
Physiological characteristics and gene regulation mechanism of juvenile leaves of Acer rubrum L. during leaf color transformation in spring
Authors: Han Xuan , Ge Wei , Wang Zhikun , Cui Jinteng , Zhang Kezhong
Published: March 2022

Acer rubrum L., a widely used ornamental colored-leaf tree species, has great utility in both residential and urban landscaping. However, unsuitable environmental conditions tend to reduce the intensity of color change, greatly reducing the ornamental value of this species. Here, we investigated the discoloration of A. rubrum leaves from red to green during maturation. We first quantified leaf-color change in the L*, a*, b* color space, and found the most noticeable difference in the a* value, which changed from positive (more red) to negative (more green). In green leaves, photosynthetic pigment content was four-fold greater than that in red leaves, and anthocyanin content was significantly lowed (a 78.33% decrease). Consistent with this, levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), as well as non-photochemical quenching, were significantly higher in red leaves. The activity levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), an initial enzyme in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway, were significantly positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. In contrast, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzyme activity was not correlated with any with other indicators. Transcriptome sequencing identified 2,161 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the red leaves and the green leaves (1,253 upregulated). Some of these DEGs (e.g., 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), flavonol synthase (FLS), chalcone synthase (CHS), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR), and flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H)) encoded important enzymes in the anthocyanin metabolic pathway, while others (e.g., MYB111 (EZV62_000212), MYB12 (EZV62_010323), and bHLH3 (EZV62_023045)) regulated anthocyanin accumulation. Our results have led to a clearer understanding of the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying leaf-color change in A. rubrum, and provide a basis from which to improve the ornamental properties of colored-leaf tree species.
Practicing Theology in Youth Ministry
Authors: Talbot Christopher
Published: March 2022

Though youth ministry has benefited from an increase in theological inquiry over the past decade, there remains disagreement as to how to conceptualize and implement modern understandings of practical theology. The issue of practical theology methodology, especially within youth ministry, raises questions concerning its own epistemic and theological foundations. Rejecting an application-driven process, many practical theologians seek to offer a process that is distinctive as its own discipline. This paper seeks to evaluate modern youth ministry conceptions of practical theology, as well as their influences, and provide a critical assessment of their viability. Further this paper seeks to then trace the influence of related current trends and the subsequent implications those trends have for practicing youth ministry.
Finding Relevant Research in Youth Studies
Authors: McFeeters Mark , Hammond Mark , Knox Joanne , Taylor Brian J
Published: March 2022

As youth studies develops as an academic discipline, identifying relevant research publications becomes important. This paper describes the method and results of an exercise to identify published research on Christian faith-based youth work. A search structure of terminology for (youth work) and (Christian faith) was created and applied to five bibliographic databases, complemented by citation searching and colleague recommendations. Eight research articles were identified. Scopus proved to have the greatest sensitivity (ability to retrieve relevant articles) followed by ProQuest and Web of Science. Web of Science had the greatest precision (ability to avoid retrieving irrelevant articles) followed by Scopus and then ProQuest. jstor database retrieved one relevant article (retrieved on Web of Science anyway) and Psyc info none. For this topic, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest proved the most effective databases. For researchers and academics in youth studies, this paper provides a resource on methodology and published papers.
Epitypification of Stachyurus himalaicus (Stachyuraceae)
Authors: MAJUMDAR SHUVADEEP , PANDAY SAMIRAN
Published: March 2022

N/A
Peliosanthes luteoviridis (Asparagaceae), a new species with yellowish green flowers from southern Vietnam
Authors: VISLOBOKOV NIKOLAY A. , ROMANOV MIKHAIL S. , NGUYEN KHANG SINH , PHAM VAN THE , DAT PHAM THI THANH , NGUYEN VAN CANH , ТANAKA NORIYUKI , KALYUZHNY SERGEY S. , KUZNETSOVA SVETLANA P. , KUZNETSOV ANDREY N. , NURALIEV MAXIM S.
Published: March 2022

Peliosanthes luteoviridis is described and illustrated as a new species from southern Vietnam (Dong Nai Province, Cat Tien National Park). It is most similar to P. macrostegia in having stamens forming a hemispheric corona and a pistil somewhat abruptly narrowing to a conoid style, but differs mainly in dense inflorescence, terete peduncle, entirely yellowish green flowers and somewhat thin-textured translucent perigone.
Supplementary description of floral characters and nomenclatural note for the rare maple Acer yui W.P.Fang (Sapindaceae) from western China
Authors: LIU FU-RONG , WANG HAI-FENG , PENG PEI-HAO , LUO JIAN-XUN
Published: March 2022

The floral characters of Acer yui are supplemented based on living plants flowering in April from the type locality. It is distinguishable based on both vegetative and floral characters between the two morphologically similar species, A. buergerianum and A. yui. Contrary to general consideration that the holotype is at PE, A. yui did not have a holotype designated when being described. It was later inadvertently lectotypified by Fang in 1939 and the single specimen traced meets that designation should be the lectotype, and the other duplicates are isolectotypes.
Catalogue of type specimens of Peiratinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) preserved in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
Authors: LIU YINGQI , PLUOT-SIGWALT DOMINIQUE , GUILBERT ERIC , CAI WANZHI
Published: March 2022

An annotated catalogue is presented for the type specimens of the peiratine Reduviidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) preserved in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Paris, France. The Peiratinae collection in MNHN contains type specimens representing 58 nominal species and five varieties (including 48 species and one subspecies currently recognized as valid) of 16 genera. The great majority of the type specimens concerns taxa described by André Villiers and René Jeannel; there are also several type specimens representing species described by Johann Christian Fabricius, Gustave Fallou and, more recently, Jean-Michel Bérenger. The information provided for each taxon and its type specimens includes: original data, type status, label information, type locality, current status and related remarks. Colour images of representative types and their labels are also provided. Specimens of four additional peiratine species, erroneously labelled as “Type”, are also listed.
New species and records of Caulleriella, Chaetocirratulus and Chaetozone (Annelida, Cirratulidae) from continental shelf and slope depths of the Western North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: BLAKE JAMES A.
Published: March 2022

Seventeen species of cirratulid polychaetes, 13 new to science, are reported from continental shelf and slope depths of the western North Atlantic Ocean. The samples were collected as part of deep-water offshore reconnaissance surveys from New England to the Carolinas and long-term monitoring programs in Boston Harbor, Massachusetts Bay, and Georges Bank off Massachusetts. The new species are included in the genera Caulleriella (C. cryptica n. sp.), Chaetocirratulus (C. hessleri n. sp., C. sandersi n. sp., and C. tomaculus n. sp.), and Chaetozone (C. adunca n. sp., C. artaspinosa n. sp., C. brychiata n. sp., C. castouria n. sp., C. donerae n. sp., C. lophia n. sp., C. novagracilis, n. sp., C. paucispinosa n. sp. and C. profunda n. sp. In addition, Chaetozone gayheadia Hartman, 1965 is redescribed based on type-material and additional collections and transferred to the genus Chaetocirratulus. Chaetozone benthaliana McIntosh, 1985 is designated a species inquirendum because it was described from a posterior fragment that cannot be confirmed as belonging to any known cirratulid genus or species. Updated descriptions and new records are provided for Chaetozone anasima, C. diodonta, and C. hystricosa all originally described by Doner & Blake (2006).
Can Anal Cytology Be a Tool in Following Patients Treated for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anus?
Authors: Brasseur Benjamin , Subillaga Oswaldo , Vrees Matthew , Klipfel Adam , Roth Leslie , Schechter Steven
Published: March 2022

Background

Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) is associated with human papillomavirus infection and preceded by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). Following successful treatment, the standard of care is to surveille for local recurrence with both anoscopy and digital rectal examination. While high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) has been shown to identify HSIL during the surveillance period, it requires specialized training and resources. 1 The burden of these resources may be reduced by conducting surveillance with anal cytology. We studied 2 questions: (1) Can anal cytology identify HSIL in patients after successful treatment of SCCA? (2) Can HSIL be found with anal cytology after completion of chemoradiation for SCCA?

Methods

Patient charts were queried for diagnosis of SCCA. Patients were excluded if they were not successfully treated for cure or if patients had not been seen in the surveillance period of 5 years following treatment. Descriptive statistics were elucidated.

Results

104 patient charts met inclusion criteria. 81 were surveilled using standard of care, while 23 were followed with standard of care plus anal cytology. 5 patients followed with cytology demonstrated HSIL. 2/5 were found via cytology, 1/5 via HRA, and 2/5 patients via exam under anesthesia and biopsy.

Discussion

This study demonstrated that HSIL was identified cytologically in the surveillance period. There may be utility in using anal cytology to identify HSIL in patients during this period in lieu of the specialized resources required for HRA. This may allow dysplasia to be treated with excision and fulguration prior to redevelopment of SCCA.
Detection of Bioactive Metabolites in Escherichia Coli Cultures Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Jayan Heera , Pu Hongbin , Sun Da-Wen
Published: March 2022

Detection of bioactive metabolites produced by bacteria is important for identifying biomarkers for infectious diseases. In this study, a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based technique was developed for the detection of bioactive metabolite indole produced by Escherichia coli ( E. coli) in biological media. The use of highly sensitive Au@Ag core-shell nanoparticles resulted in the detection of indole concentration as low as 0.0886 mM in standard solution. The supplementation of growth media with 5 mM of exogenous tryptophan resulted in the production of a maximum yield of indole of 3.139 mM by E. coli O157:H7 at 37 °C. The growth of bacterial cells was reduced from 47.73 × 108 to 1.033 × 106 CFU/mL when the cells were grown in 0 and 10 mM exogenous tryptophan, respectively. The amount of indole in the Luria–Bertani (LB) media had an inverse correlation with the growth of cells, which resulted in a three-log reduction in the colony-forming unit when the indole concentration in the media was 20 times higher than normal. This work demonstrates that SERS is an effective and highly sensitive method for rapid detection of bioactive metabolites in biological matrix.
Determination of H2 Densities Over a Wide Range of Temperatures and Pressures Based on the Spectroscopic Characterization of Raman Vibrational Bands
Authors: Chen Ying , Chou I-Ming
Published: March 2022

Raman spectroscopy is a powerful method for determining the densities of gas species in fluid inclusions, especially for H2-bearing inclusions in which the microthermometry approach is difficult to apply. The relationships between Raman peak position and H2 density have been recorded in several previous studies. However, systematic discrepancies exist among these studies. In this study, the Raman spectral parameters (peak position, width, and intensity) of the vibrational bands of H2 (Q1(0), Q1(1), Q1(2), and Q1(3)) were systematically measured at temperatures from 25 to 400 °C and pressures up to 150 MPa using a high-pressure optical cell. The variation in each parameter as a function of H2 density was discussed. Several calibration polynomials derived from the measured peak positions and peak widths of these vibrational bands and the peak intensity ratios of Q1(1) to Q1( n = 0, 2, 3) were established to determine H2 densities up to 0.062 g/cm3 at 25 °C. For natural fluid inclusions, the peak position of the Q1(1) band is the best choice for density determination mainly because (i) Raman spectra derived from fluid inclusions are not always of applicable qualities and the strongest intensity Q1(1) band could be obtained easier than others, and (ii) the peak position is insensitive to instrumental factors. The relationship between the peak position of Q1(1) band and density can be represented by ΔQ1(1) = 90,246.070 × ρ4 – 5471.203 × ρ3 + 770.944 × ρ2– 41.038 × ρ (r2 = 0.999), where ρ is the density of H2 in g/cm3; ΔQ1(1) (cm–1) is the difference between the obtained peak position of Q1(1) band of H2 and the known peak position of Q1(1) band of H2 at near-zero density. This polynomial is independent of instrumental factors and can be applied in any laboratory, as long as the peak position of H2 with a near-zero density is known. The effects of temperature on the relationship between these spectral parameters and H2 density were also examined.
Examining the Relationship Between Direct Exposure to Violence and Delinquent Behavior Across Different Immigrant Generations
Authors: Shih Meng Ru
Published: March 2022

Contrary to popular rhetoric, studies have shown that the relationship between immigration and crime is null or negative. However, recent studies found that crime rates are high in second-generation immigrants. This study posits that exposure to violence (ETV) is one potential risk factor related to the increase in crime and delinquency among immigrant youth, particularly in second-generation youth. Results show that, at baseline, second-generation youth reported the highest direct ETV. Also, ETV is positively associated with deviant outcomes, especially in second-generation youth, whereas ethnic identity casts a negative effect on delinquency across groups. Study results support that direct ETV is one of the risk factors and contributes to levels of delinquency among immigrant generations.
Self-Isolation and Adolescents’ Friendship Quality: Moderation of Technology Use for Friendship Maintenance
Authors: Wright Michelle F. , Wachs Sebastian
Published: March 2022

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the moderating effect of technology use for friendship maintenance in the associations between self-isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic and friendship quality, measured 6 months later (Time 2). Participants were 1,567 seventh and eighth graders (51% female; 51% white; Mage = 13.47) from the United States. They completed questionnaires on friendship quality at Time 1, and self-isolation during COVID-19 and technology use for friendship maintenance and friendship quality at Time 2. The findings revealed that self-isolation during COVID-19 was related positively to technology use for friendship maintenance and negatively to Time 2 friendship quality. Higher technology use for friendship maintenance buffered against the negative impacts on friendship quality associated with self-isolation during COVID-19, while lower technology use had the opposite effects on Time 2 friendship quality.
Revisiting the Pasmanda Political Discourse: Feasibility, Failure and the Way Forward
Authors: Alam Shamsher
Published: March 2022

This article attempts to revisit the Pasmanda political discourse (PPD) which is grounded on the premise that there exist a number of backward and dalit Muslims who remain under-represented and whose demands remain unheard in contemporary India. In recognising this reality, this article tries to understand the PPD from three perspectives. First, the feasibility and importance of the PPD in the context of the resounding victory of the National Democratic Alliance which has indicated that the present dispensation managed to dismantle caste-based politics in the last 2019 general elections. Second, it tries to explain the reasons for the failure of Pasmanda politics which could not make a headway in the Muslim community in general and Pasmanda Muslims in particular and also in other socio-religious groups and political parties, despite it being a century-old political discourse. Third, it seeks to articulate the way forward to strengthen and rejuvenate the idea of Pasmanda in India today which is witnessing a domination of majoritarian politics.
Debates on Schooling the Mind in Colonial Bengal
Authors: Dutta Sutapa
Published: March 2022

The making of the enlightenment in the age of imperial expansion through the analytical frame of knowledge and pedagogies were subjects of debate in nineteenth-century India, and continue to remain so. There was a set of complicated political, social and psychological process involved in colonial schooling in India as a public site to frame native subjectivities. This has resulted in a unique formulation of racial-civilisational location of Indian subjectivity, with its alternate configuration of power. The article seeks to emphasise the disparate discourses on the prevalent education system, and the reaction of Bengali intellectuals towards ‘modern’ Western pedagogy in nineteenth-century Bengal. The critical debates, ranging from commendation to condemnation underline the dilemma of a period of transition. As a subject of experimental formulations of ideas and system, the native learner was at the centre of a cultural tussle that got torn between Western impositions and nationalistic sentiments.
Caste of Labour: Dalits, the Industrial Ecosystem and Environmental Politics in Delhi
Authors: Sharma Mukul
Published: March 2022

Industries develop in India in a particular form of exploitation of human, natural and social structures, where nature is industrialised and caste is naturalised. The division of labour in a factory interacts with caste hierarchy in society, where a dalit working body, physicality and social positions play an important role within the production process, under the control of capital. The environmental politics against pollution can create an industrial and social environment within which polluting industries and ‘impurity’ of dalit labourers’ bodies become synonymous with each other. Based on the analytic frameworks of Marx and B.R. Ambedkar and an extensive field study of an industrial area in Delhi, the article narrates how dalit labourers in stainless steel utensil factories move in and out of the industrial ecosystem and how they contest the repressive nature of their work and environment.
Critical theory, immanent critique and neo-liberalism. Reply to critique raised in Copenhagen
Authors: Sørensen Asger
Published: March 2022

Being critical does not come easy, not even within Critical Theory. In this article I respond to criticism of my book from 2019, Capitalism, Alienation and Critique, arguing that contemporary Critical Theory has something to learn from the founding fathers. Firstly, for Adorno immanent critique has metaphysical implications beyond Honneth’s critique of bourgeois society as inconsistent in terms of its professed ideals. Secondly, immanent critique is not the same as ideology critique, and when it comes to Horkheimer and Habermas, they conducted the latter rather than the former. Thirdly, even though today nature must be our concern, answers are to be found in politics and metaphysics rather than science. Finally, critique of neoliberalism should be conducted as critique of political economy, that is, ideology critique, rather than sociological descriptions of the empirical details of globalized capitalism. Denaturalizing economics is a condition for economic democracy.
Deep Learning for Predictive Analysis of Pediatric Otolaryngology Personal Statements: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chillakuru Yeshwant Reddy , Preciado Diego A. , Cha Jeremy , Mann Hannah , Behzadpour Hengameh K. , Espinel Alexandra Genevieve
Published: March 2022

Objective

The personal statement is often an underutilized aspect of pediatric otolaryngology fellowship applications. In this pilot study, we use deep learning language models to cluster personal statements and elucidate their relationship to applicant rank position and postfellowship research output.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Single pediatric tertiary care center.

Methods

Data and personal statements from 115 applicants to our fellowship program were retrieved from San Francisco Match. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers) was used to generate document embeddings for clustering. Regression and machine learning models were used to assess the relationship of personal statements to number of postfellowship publications per year when controlling for publications, board scores, Alpha Omega Alpha status, gender, and residency.

Results

Document embeddings of personal statements were found to cluster into 4 distinct groups by K‐means clustering: 2 focused on “training/research” and 2 on “personal/patient anecdotes.” Training clusters 1 and 2 were associated with an applicant‐organization fit by a single pediatric otolaryngology fellowship program on univariate but not multivariate analysis. Models utilizing document embeddings alone were able to equally predict applicant‐organization fit (receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve, 0.763 and 0.750 vs 0.419; P values >.05) as compared with models utilizing applicant characteristics and personal statement clusters alone. All predictive models were poor predictors of postfellowship publications per year.

Conclusion

We demonstrate ability for document embeddings to capture meaningful information in personal statements from pediatric otolaryngology fellowship applicants. A larger study can further differentiate personal statement clusters and assess the predictive potential of document embeddings.
Cultural Competency and Surgical Decision Making in Otolaryngology
Authors: Ovrom Erik , Zemene Yilkal , Gerndt Sophie , Andrade Victor , Wiedermann Joshua
Published: March 2022

Given the high prevalence of otolaryngology infections such as tonsillitis, otitis, and pharyngitis in low and middle income countries, the field of global otolaryngology continues to grow to accommodate patients around the world. This commentary focuses on best practices in transcultural communications between US doctors and foreign patients with an emphasis on cultural competency. We use alternative medicine as an exemplar for how to collaborate with patients to develop treatment plans that respect their cultural beliefs and lifestyles. Rather than assigning value to the patient’s alternative medicine practices, we believe that instructing and counseling a patient on how to incorporate follow‐up visits and rehabilitation after allopathic medical procedures such as surgical tonsillectomy should be done in a way that respects the patient’s preexisting health regimen. By doing so, these new aspects of their health care will take a discrete place in their wellness practices and engender more trust and better health outcomes.
Effectiveness, Compliance, and Safety of Dextrose Prolotherapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Meta-Analysis and Metaregression of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Chen Yi-Wen , Lin Yen-Nung , Chen Hung-Chou , Liou Tsan-Hon , Liao Chun-De , Huang Shih-Wei
Published: March 2022

Objectives

This study assessed the effectiveness, compliance, and safety of dextrose prolotherapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Data sources

PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Database, and the Scopus database from their inception to December 31, 2021.

Methods

This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Randomized controlled trials regarding the effectiveness of dextrose prolotherapy in knee osteoarthritis were identified. The included trials were subjected to meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Subgroup and random-effects metaregression analyses were performed to explore any heterogeneity ( I2) of treatment effects across studies.

Results

A total of 14 trials enrolling 978 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with placebo injection and noninvasive control therapy, dextrose prolotherapy had favorable effects on pain, global function, and quality of life during the overall follow-up. Dextrose prolotherapy yielded greater reductions in pain score over each follow-up duration than did the placebo. Compared with other invasive therapies, dextrose prolotherapy generally achieved comparable effects on pain and functional outcomes for each follow-up duration. Subgroup results indicated that combined intra-articular and extra-articular injection techniques may have stronger effects on pain than a single intra-articular technique.

Conclusions

Dextrose prolotherapy may have dose-dependent and time-dependent effects on pain reduction and function recovery, respectively, in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Due to remarkable heterogeneity and the risk of biases across the included trials, the study results should be cautiously interpreted.
Identifying a Single Optimal Integrated Cervical Cancer Prevention Policy in Norway: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Portnoy Allison , Pedersen Kine , Nygård Mari , Trogstad Lill , Kim Jane J. , Burger Emily A.
Published: March 2022

Background

Interventions targeting the same disease but at different points along the disease continuum (e.g., screening and vaccination to prevent cervical cancer [CC]) are often evaluated in isolation, which can affect cost-effectiveness profiles and policy conclusions. We evaluated nonavalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine (9vHPV) compared with bivalent HPV vaccine (2vHPV) alongside deintensified screening intervals for a vaccinated birth cohort to inform a single optimal integrated CC prevention policy.

Methods

Using a multimodeling approach, we evaluated the health and economic impacts of alternative CC screening strategies for a Norwegian birth cohort eligible for HPV vaccination in 2021 assuming they received 1) 2vHPV or 2) 9vHPV. We conducted 1) a restricted analysis that evaluated the optimal HPV vaccine under current screening guidelines; and 2) a comprehensive analysis including alternative screening and vaccination strategy combinations. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) and evaluated them according to different cost-effectiveness thresholds.

Results

Assuming a cost-effectiveness threshold of $40,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained, we found that, while holding screening intensity fixed, switching the routine vaccination program in Norway from 2vHPV to 9vHPV would not be considered cost-effective (ICER of $132,700 per QALY gained). However, when allowing for varying intensities of CC screening, we found that switching to 9vHPV would be cost-effective compared with 2vHPV under an alternative threshold of $55,000 per QALY gained, if coupled with reductions in the number of lifetime screens.

Conclusions

Our analysis highlights the importance of evaluating the full potential policy landscape for country-level decision makers considering policy adoption, including nonindependent primary and secondary prevention efforts, to draw appropriate conclusions and avoid sub-optimal outcomes.

Highlights

Without evaluating the full potential policy landscape, including primary and secondary prevention efforts, country-level decision makers may not be able to draw appropriate policy conclusions, resulting in suboptimal outcomes. An applied example from cervical cancer prevention in Norway compared a restricted analysis of current screening guidelines to a comprehensive analysis including alternative screening and vaccination strategy combinations. We found that a switch from bivalent to nonavalent human papillomavirus vaccine would be considered cost-effective in Norway if coupled with reductions in the number of lifetime screens compared with the current screening strategy. A comprehensive analysis that considers how different types of interventions along the disease continuum affect each other will be critical for decision makers interpreting cost-effectiveness analysis results.
Student-Athletes’, Coaches’, and Administrators’ Perspectives of Sexual Violence Prevention on Three Campuses with National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and II Athletic Programs
Authors: Carey David Stoddard , Sumstine Stephanie , Amabile Claire , Helvink Heather , Sorin Cierra Raine , Swendeman Dallas , Park Eunhee , Wagman Jennifer A.
Published: March 2022

Research has found associations between intercollegiate athletics and risk for sexual violence, and that sexual violence is more pervasive at colleges and universities with National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletic programs, relative to NCAA Division II, NCAA Division III and no athletic programs. Simultaneously, sports involvement is linked with prosocial values and there are documented developmental benefits of sports participation. College athletic programs hold promise for fostering sexual violence prevention but there is limited knowledge about how student-athletes conceptualize sexual violence and how athletes, coaches, and administrators perceive available prevention and response programs. We conducted seven Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and 21 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with student-athletes, athletic directors, and coaches from public university Division I ( n = 2) and Division II ( n = 1) campuses. We assessed perceptions of sexual violence, knowledge and opinions of available prevention and response programs, and sought input on how to bridge gaps in campus sexual violence policies. Student-athletes associated sexual violence with alcohol in their relationships with peers and asymmetrical power dynamics in relationships with coaches and faculty. Athletes felt strong connections with teammates and sports programs but isolated from the larger campus. This created barriers to students’ use of services and the likelihood of reporting sexual violence. Athletes felt the mandatory sexual violence prevention training, including additional NCAA components, were ineffective and offered to protect the university and its athletic programs from legal complications or cultural ridicule. Athletic staff were aware of policies and programs for reporting and referring sexual violence cases but their knowledge on how these served students was limited. Student-athletes were uncomfortable disclosing information regarding relationships and sexual violence to coaches and preferred peer–led prevention approaches.
Development of Bullying and Victimization: An Examination of Risk and Protective Factors in a High-Risk Sample
Authors: Ostrov Jamie M. , Perry Kristin J. , Eiden Rina D. , Nickerson Amanda B. , Schuetze Pamela , Godleski Stephanie A. , Shisler Shannon
Published: March 2022

This prospective longitudinal study from birth to late adolescence investigated how early risk predicted subsequent aggression in middle childhood and bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, and violence victimization in adolescence. In addition, the moderating role of protective factors (i.e., maternal sensitivity, positive peers, and school connectedness) on these associations were examined. Caregiver-infant dyads (N = 216; 72% Black/African American) were recruited as part of a longitudinal study on substance exposed youth. Data using multiple methods and informants (observations, interviews, caregiver, and child/youth self-reports) were collected from dyads in early childhood (EC, birth to 48 months), middle childhood (MC, i.e., 84 months), early adolescence (EA, M = 13.26 years, SD = .83) and later adolescence (LA, M = 15.08 years, SD = .83). A developmental cascading path model was tested. There were direct associations between EC maternal harsh parenting and aggression in MC. In turn, MC aggression was associated with higher violence victimization and bullying in EA. Finally, EA violence victimization was then associated with higher levels of bullying as well as victimization from bullying in LA. Consistent with predictions, there was also evidence that protective factors (i.e., maternal sensitivity and positive peers) moderated the impact of predictor variables on aggression and bullying outcomes. Specifically, maternal sensitivity moderated the link between EC and MC aggression, such that those with moderately high levels of maternal sensitivity showed a negative relation between EC and MC aggression, whereas those with low levels of maternal sensitivity showed continuity in aggression. Positive peer influence moderated the link between violence victimization in EA and bullying in LA, such that children high on both violence victimization and positive peers had the highest levels of bullying victimization.