bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multi-dimensional oscillatory activity of mouse GnRH neurons in vivo
Authors: Han Su Young , Yeo Shel-Hwa , Kim Jae-Chang , Zhou Ziyue , Herbison Allan E
Published: September 2024

The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons represent the key output cells of the neural network controlling mammalian fertility. We used GCaMP fiber photometry to record the population activity of the GnRH neuron distal projections in the ventral arcuate nucleus where they merge before entering the median eminence to release GnRH into the portal vasculature. Recordings in freely behaving intact male and female mice revealed abrupt 5-min duration increases in activity that correlated perfectly with the appearance of a subsequent pulse of luteinizing hormone (LH). In addition, GnRH neuron dendrons exhibited a low level of clustered, rapidly fluctuating baseline activity in both sexes that did not change through the estrous cycle. In female mice, a gradual increase in basal activity that exhibited ∼80-min oscillations began in the afternoon of proestrus and lasted for 12 h. This was associated with the onset of the LH surge that ended several hours before the fall in GCaMP signal. Abrupt episodes of GCaMP activity continued to occur on top of the rising surge baseline before ceasing in estrus. These observations provide the first description of GnRH neuron activity in freely behaving animals. They demonstrate three distinct patterns of oscillatory activity occur in GnRH neurons. These are comprised of low-level rapid baseline activity, abrupt short-duration oscillations that drive pulsatile gonadotropin secretion and, in females, a gradual and prolonged oscillating increase in activity responsible for the relatively short-lived preovulatory LH surge.
Stopping runaway seizures with a chill pill
Authors: Buchanan Gordon F
Published: September 2024

The neuropeptide neurotensin can reduce status epilepticus and its associated consequences through induction of therapeutic hypothermia when bound to a molecule that can penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
NAB2-STAT6 drives an EGR1-dependent neuroendocrine program in Solitary Fibrous Tumors
Authors: Hill Connor M , Indeglia Alexandra , Picone Francis , Murphy Maureen E , Cipriano Cara , Maki Robert G , Gardini Alessandro
Published: September 2024

The pathogenesis of many rare tumor types is poorly understood, preventing the design of effective treatments. Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are neoplasms of mesenchymal origin that affect 1/1,000,000 individuals every year and are clinically assimilated to soft tissue sarcomas. SFTs can arise throughout the body and are usually managed surgically. However, 30-40% of SFTs will relapse local-regionally or metastasize. There are no systemic therapies with durable activity for malignant SFTs to date. The molecular hallmark of SFTs is a gene fusion between the
NAB2
and
STAT6
loci on chromosome 12, resulting in a chimeric protein of poorly characterized function called NAB2-STAT6. We use primary samples and an inducible cell model to discover that NAB2-STAT6 operates as a transcriptional coactivator for a specific set of enhancers and promoters that are normally targeted by the EGR1 transcription factor. In physiological conditions, NAB2 is primarily localized to the cytoplasm and only a small nuclear fraction is available to operate as a co-activator of EGR1 targets. NAB2-STAT6 redirects NAB1, NAB2, and additional EGR1 to the nucleus and bolster the expression of neuronal EGR1 targets. The STAT6 moiety of the fusion protein is a major driver of its nuclear localization and further contributes to NAB2’s co-activating abilities. In primary tumors, NAB2-STAT6 activates a neuroendocrine gene signature that sets it apart from most sarcomas. These discoveries provide new insight into the pathogenesis of SFTs and reveal new targets with therapeutic potential.
Unraveling CRP/cAMP-Mediated Metabolic Regulation In Escherichia coli Persister Cells
Authors: Ngo Han G , Mohiuddin Sayed Golam , Ananda Aina , Orman Mehmet A
Published: September 2024

A substantial gap persists in our comprehension of how bacterial metabolism undergoes rewiring during the transition to a persistent state. Also, it remains unclear which metabolic mechanisms become indispensable for persister cell survival. To address these questions, we directed our efforts towards persister cells in
Escherichia coli
that emerge during the late stationary phase. These cells have been recognized for their exceptional resilience and are commonly believed to be in a dormant state. Our results demonstrate that the global metabolic regulator Crp/cAMP redirects the metabolism of these antibiotic-tolerant cells from anabolism to oxidative phosphorylation. Although our data indicates that persisters exhibit a reduced metabolic rate compared to rapidly growing exponential-phase cells, their survival still relies on energy metabolism. Extensive genomic-level analyses of metabolomics, proteomics, and single-gene deletions consistently emphasize the critical role of energy metabolism, specifically the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, electron transport chain (ETC), and ATP synthase, in sustaining the viability of persisters. Altogether, this study provides much-needed clarification regarding the role of energy metabolism in antibiotic tolerance and highlights the importance of using a multipronged approach at the genomic level to obtain a broader picture of the metabolic state of persister cells.
Reevaluating the Neural Noise Hypothesis in Dyslexia: Insights from EEG and 7T MRS Biomarkers
Authors: Glica Agnieszka , Wasilewska Katarzyna , Jurkowska Julia , Żygierewicz Jarosław , Kossowski Bartosz , Jednoróg Katarzyna
Published: September 2024

The neural noise hypothesis of dyslexia posits an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory (E/I) brain activity as an underlying mechanism of reading difficulties. This study provides the first direct test of this hypothesis using both indirect EEG power spectrum measures in 120 Polish adolescents and young adults (60 with dyslexia, 60 controls) and direct glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at 7T MRI scanner in half of the sample. Our results, supported by Bayesian statistics, show no evidence of E/I balance differences between groups, challenging the hypothesis that cortical hyperexcitability underlies dyslexia. These findings suggest alternative mechanisms must be explored and highlight the need for further research into the E/I balance and its role in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Coinfección o sobreinfección fúngica en pacientes con COVID-19 en un hospital de tercer nivel en México
Authors: García-Salazar Eduardo , Benavidez-López Sandra , Bonifaz Alexandro , Hernández-Mendoza Emma Alejandra , Ramírez-Magaña Xóchitl , Reyes-Montes María del Rocío , Duarte-Escalante Esperanza , Acosta-Altamirano Gustavo , Frías-De-León María Guadalupe
Published: September 2024

Introducción. Los datos sobre la prevalencia de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes con COVID-19 son limitados.Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones fúngicas en pacientes con COVID-19, así como los factores de riesgo y las características demográficas, clínicas y microbiológicas.Material y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19, hospitalizados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y con infección fúngica confirmada entre marzo del 2020 y diciembre del 2021. Del expediente clínico se obtuvieron datos sobre edad, sexo, comorbilidades, días de estancia hospitalaria, resultados de laboratorio (ferritina) y microbiológicos, tratamiento contra COVID-19, terapia antifúngica y desenlace.Resultados. Once de 740 pacientes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La tasa de coinfección fue del 0,3 % y la de sobreinfección fue del 1,2 %. La población más afectada fue la de hombres adultos. Las coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones diagnosticadas fueron candiduria y candidemia, causadas por Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae y Kluyveromyces marxianus (C. kefyr). Además, se encontró una traqueobronquitis por Aspergillus fumigatus. Los antifúngicos más administrados fueron fluconazol y caspofungina. La letalidad en pacientes con coinfecciones fue del 50 % y con sobreinfecciones fúngicas, del 22 %. El tiempo de estancia intrahospitalaria fue de 11 a 65 días. Ocho de los pacientes requirieron asistencia respiratoria mecánica y seis recibieron corticoides. La principal comorbilidad fue diabetes mellitus (81,8 %).Conclusiones. La tasa de coinfecciones o sobreinfecciones por hongos en pacientes con COVID-19 fue baja, pero la letalidad de estas requiere, con urgencia, la realización de pruebas de rutina para detectar hongos en pacientes con COVID-19 grave para diagnosticar oportunamente infecciones fúngicas que puedan comprometer aún más la vida del paciente
Fracture strength of cad-cam milled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post-cores vs conventional post-cores; an in vitro study
Authors: Direk Ayetullah , Tekin Samet , Khurshid Zohaib
Published: September 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the fracture strength and fracture modes of post-cores produced with CAD-CAM from modified polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials with other custom-produced post-cores.

Methods

Sixty human mandibular first premolars with equal root sizes were used. The teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10), and root canal treatment was performed. The teeth were separated from the roots over 2 mm from the cemento-enamel junction. As a result of the decoronation process, a 1 mm wide shoulder line was obtained for all teeth. For the fracture strength test, 10 mm deep post spaces were created on the teeth with a 1.6 mm diameter driller. Post-core groups consisted: everStick® glass fiber post-core (Group GF), zirconia post-core (Group Z), metal (Cr-Co) post-core (Group M), PEEK post-core without filler (Group UP), PEEK post-core with 20% TiO2 Filler (Group TP), and post-core with 20% ceramic filler (Group CP). Following the application of posts to post spaces, copings were created and cemented on the samples. With the universal tester, a force was applied to the long axis of the tooth with a slope of 135°. The mean fracture strength (N) between the groups was statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA, and pairwise mean differences were detected using post hoc Tukey’s HSD test among the groups.

Results

According to the results of the statistical analysis, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of mean fracture resistance (p < 0.05). Group Z (409.34 ± 45.72) was significantly higher than Group UP (286.64 ± 37.79), CP (298.00 ± 72.30), and TP (280.08 ± 67.83). Group M (376.17 ± 73.28) was significantly higher than Group UP (286.64 ± 37.79) and Group TP (280.08 ± 67.83). There were no statistically significant differences between the means of the other groups (p > 0.05). Among all the groups, Group Z exhibited a higher prevalence of repairable failure modes, while the rest of the groups predominantly experienced irreparable failure modes.

Conclusion

In our study, zirconia and metal post-core samples showed higher average fracture strength values than PEEK post-cores groups. Repairable failure modes were more common in the zirconia post-cores, whereas the opposite was observed in the other groups. Further experimental and clinical trial studies are needed before PEEK materials can be used as post materials in the clinic.
Socio-economic Profile of Beneficiaries of the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) Project in Telangana, India
Authors: Naik Boda Mahesh , Singh A.K. , Maji Saikat
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to examine the profile characteristics of farmers adopting Climate Resilient Agricultural (CRA) technologies under the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) project in the villages of Suryapet and Khammam districts, Telangana State, India. An ex-post facto research design was employed, with a sample of 200 farmers chosen using a multistage simple random sampling method. The study results revealed that the majority of farmers belonged to the middle-aged (36.50%) group with an education level up to primary school (28.00%) and belonged to the medium family size (65.00%). Among the respondents sampled, most of the respondents in the sample villages had low income (42.50%) with medium farming experience (41.00%) and labour + subsidiary + agriculture as an occupation (42.00%). The majority of the respondents were found to possess medium landholding (27.00%), Ag/Horticulture crops + AH/Poultry/goat as integrated farming systems (35.50%), low material possession (52.00%), having rainfed agriculture (94.50%) with irrigation under critical stages (49.00%), got drought once in four years (100.00%), medium individual contact (56.00%) and low mass media contact (44.00%), medium economic motivation (52.00%), high risk-taking ability (51.50%) and medium innovative proneness (63.00%). Considering the socio-economic and psychological characteristics of the farmers, NICRA project officials should develop tailored strategies for designing and disseminating technologies. This approach will enhance the adoption of these technologies within the farming community.
Exploring External Factors Influencing Career Choices among Grade 12 Students in Western Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Puson Ma. Anele Corine B. , Belanio Tyra B. , Gallego Rollyn C. , Orbisayan Patricia Steffene A. , Parcia Rhaven Louise S. , Ana Kate Pauleen M. Sta. , Petalla Marisa B.
Published: September 2024

The right career choice for students in their professional field is critical, impacting their lives and achievements. Thus, this study investigated the multifaceted influences on career choices among grade 12 students during the critical transition from senior high school to college, anchored on Social Cognitive Career Theory. Utilizing quantitative design, specifically the descriptive and comparative approaches, this research explored the influence of various external factors, including family, peers, school environment, and societal culture, on students' decision-making. Two hundred thirty-three (233) grade 12 students from different strands were sampled. Results showed that the degree of influence of external factors on grade 12 students is moderate, with school environment as the highest and peer group as the lowest. Further, using an independent sample T-test and when grouped according to sex, a significant difference in the degree of influence of external factors in career choices is observed only in societal culture. Utilizing a one-way analysis of variance, no significant difference was observed in all external factors when grouped according to strand. The results of the study served as the basis for a proposed career awareness seminar for grade 12 students in collaboration with the Student Development and Placement Center (SDPC).
Yield Gap Analysis and Impact Assessment of Colocasia in Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Chaturvedi Abhimanyu , Swaroop Jyoti , Singh Ajeet Pratap
Published: September 2024

The present study was carried out at Tirap district of Arunachal Pradesh, India during kharif 2015-16 and 2016-17 respectively. Before conducting the trials; a field survey was also carried out about farmer’s practices of colocassia. As per the survey’s result Lack of knowledge about improved variety, scientific cultivation practices, nutrient management was the major issues among farmers. As per the result of the study, OFT results were better (356 & 372 q/ha) as compared farmer’s practices (243 & 268 q/ha), B:C ratio was also better (4.83 & 4.81) as compared farmer’s practice (2.28 & 3.15).  The current results are proving that the yield and economics of colocassia can be boost up by adopting recommended technologies.
Effect of Chemical Treatments for Breaking Dormancy and Enhancing Sprouting in Freshly Harvested Potato Tubers in Nepal
Authors: Luitel Prabesh , Sigdel Diksha , Paudel Laxmi Kanta
Published: September 2024

This study aims to improve low potato production in Dolakha, Nepal, by identifying effective chemical treatments to break dormancy in freshly harvested tubers. The experiment was performed in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Eight treatments were used: gibberellic acid (GA3) at 50 ppm and 100 ppm, benzyl amino purine (BAP) at 50 ppm and 100 ppm, sugar solutions (0.5% ethanol + 1% sugar, 0.5% ethanol + 10% sugar, and 50% sugar) and distilled water. Medium-sized Ms-42.3 tubers were soaked in these treatments for two hours before being stored in a dark room. The results demonstrated that GA3 at 100 ppm was the most effective, reducing the days to first sprout emergence to 1.8 days and breaking dormancy in 2.63 days. This treatment also resulted in the longest sprouts, measuring up to 17.70 mm at 50 days. GA3 at 50 ppm similarly improved sprout emergence and length. BAP treatments (50 ppm and 100 ppm) and 50% sugar solution also significantly shortened the time to sprout emergence and dormancy breaking compared to the control. Specifically, BAP at 100 ppm reduced the time to first sprout emergence to 3.63 days and was effective in promoting sprout density and length. Sugar solutions, particularly 50% sugar, showed promise in early sprout emergence and growth. In contrast, the control treatment (distilled water) yielded the lowest sprout density, with a maximum of 15.20 days to first emergence and sprouts measuring up to 4.53 mm at 50 days. This study provides valuable insights into effective sprouting techniques, potentially boosting agricultural productivity in similar regions.
Response of Vermicompost and Zinc Application on Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Gram (Cicer arietinum)
Authors: Dubey Kanika , Jakhar Chandrakanta , Jain Neelu , Yadav Indra Raj
Published: September 2024

The present study aimed to determine the response of vermicompost and Zinc Application on Yield and Nutrient uptake by Gram (Cicer arietinum). Vermicompost typically contains 0.40–0.75%, 0.13–0.22% P, and 0.6–1.2% N. The usage of synthetic fertilizers has been shown to have a negative influence on the environment, and their cost has been rising over time. Farmers are becoming more aware of the benefits of raising crops organically, which will save expenses and lessen adverse environmental effects. A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Mewar University Gangrar, Chittorgarh (Rajasthan) during Rabi season of 2023-24. The required quantities of fertilizers as per treatments were applied. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications consisting of tan treatments. The data recorded maximum yield parameter such as number of pods per plant (68.48), number of seed per pod (2.14), seed yield (2289.12 kg/ha), stover yield (2790.12 kg/ha), biological yield (5079.24 kg/ha) and NPK content in grain and straw (3.432; 0.822, 0.395; 0.165 and 0.712; 1.452%) and uptake (78.56; 22.93, 9.04; 4.60 and 16.30; 40.51 kg/ha), respectively with T10-Vermicompost (4.5 tons ha-1) + Zn (5.0 kg ha-1). The minimum yield, nutrient content and uptake obtained with control treatment. Therefore, conclude be application of Vermicompost (4.5 tons ha-1) + Zn (5.0 kg ha-1) are indigenous sources of enhance productivity and nutrient uptake by chickpea.
Identification of Mutation Point and Trend Analysis of Area, Production and Yield of Wheat Crop in Gujarat, India
Authors: Oganja Y. H. , Maheta H. Y. , Kumar Kalpesh , Bharodia C. R.
Published: September 2024

The study aimed to identify mutation points and analyze trends in wheat cultivation in Gujarat from 1973-74 to 2022-23 using time series data on wheat area, production, and yield obtained from the CMIE. Non-parametric methods, including Pettitt’s test, the Standard Normal Homogeneity (SNH) test, and Buishand’s range test, were employed to identify mutation points. Sen's slope estimator measured trend magnitude, while the Mann-Kendall test assessed statistical significance. Results revealed 2004 as a key mutation point for wheat area, according to the Buishand range and SNH tests. The year 2002 was identified as a significant mutation point for wheat production by both the Pettitt's and Buishand range tests, and for yield by all three tests. Sen’s slope analysis showed the highest growth in production (61.33 thousand tonnes/year, 2002-2023) and a lowest growth in the area (-3.52 thousand ha/year, 1973-2003). The analysis highlights the need to enhance agricultural practices and resource management to address the declining wheat cultivation area while capitalizing on the growth in production and yield for sustainable agricultural development in Gujarat.
Perception vs. Performance: Correlation Assessment of Custom Hiring Centres in the Era of Climate-Smart Agriculture
Authors: Das Chitra , Patil S. B.
Published: September 2024

Farm mechanization is crucial for boosting land productivity by ensuring timely and precise agricultural operations, reducing crop loss, increasing labor efficiency, and enhancing the quality of farm work. However, small and marginal farmers often cannot afford the necessary equipment due to the limited financial resources, high cost of equipment, lack of access to credit, low economies of scale, high interest rates and unfavorable loan terms, lack of awareness and knowledge. Agriculture, vulnerable to and a contributor of climate change must adapt to changing conditions without worsening environmental issues. This has shifted agricultural development priorities. Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) are vital in this context, as they provide affordable machinery rentals, making Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) technologies more accessible. CHCs are crucial in supporting farmers with CSA tools and financial resources. Custom Hiring Centers (CHCs) provide a solution by offering affordable access to farm implements, addressing labor shortages, ensuring efficient operations, and increasing yields by sharing the cost of implements through ‘innovative arrangements’. An ex-post facto research design was used in present investigation. The study was confined to Vijayapur district of Karnataka. Five talukas having seven CHSCs within the entire Vijayapur district were chosen for this research study with 140 respondents. The study is all about the relationship between the efficiency of CHSC & farmers’ profile of Vijayapur district, Karnataka. The study involved fifteen independent variables and one dependent variable. Data were gathered using structured interview schedules through personal interviews and analyzed using correlation coefficients. The result indicated the correlation between the efficiency of CHSCs vs age (r=0.028), gender (r=0.059), education (r=0.188), farm size (r=-0.163), farming experience (r=0.005), social participation (r=0.208), attitude (r=0.381), annual income (r=0.223), management orientation (r=0.236), accessibility (r=0.241), innovativeness (r=0.265), extension contact (r=0.295), mass media exposure (r=0.249), economic orientation (r=0.278), achievement motivation (r=0.259).  The result obtained might help to explore and widen the scope of farm mechanization and can help unleash the complete potential of custom hiring services, benefiting farmers and the agricultural domain alike. A synoptic study has been conducted regarding the farmers' notion and apprehension about the Custom Hiring Service Centers in advancing climate-smart agriculture (CSA) in Vijayapura district. Overall it was noted that Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) technologies and practices can effectively help the farmers especially the small farmers to overcome climate vulnerabilities. It also suggested that increasing the number of custom hiring centres and service providers can facilitate more inclusivity through competition.
Residue Analysis and Dissipation Study of Dinotefuran in Paddy Field Using a UHPLC-MS/MS Method and Risk Assessment
Authors: T Sakthiselvi , George Thomas , S Visal Kumar , B Rani , K N Anith , B Aparna , Priya Gowri
Published: September 2024

Dinotefuran is widely utilized to control sucking insect pests in rice crops due to its high efficiency and relatively low hazard potential. However, repeated applications within a single crop season raise concerns about residue deposition in plants and surrounding environment. Therefore, the current study was executed to understand the degradation of foliar sprayed dinotefuran in paddy field after one, two and three application frequencies in a modified QuEChERS method and analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS. The method was linear with corresponding correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.99. The method achieved recovery rates of 78.11-109.30 % in plant matrices and 70.93-75.50% in soil matrices at spiking concentrations of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.10 µg g⁻¹. Precision, expressed as repeatability (RSDr), ranged from 1.99-6.99 % in plant matrices and 1.09-4.06 % in soil matrices and intra-laboratory precision expressed as Horwitz ratio (HorRat) was within 0.3. In the field trial, 500 g of soil samples, 200 g of paddy leaf, grain and straw samples were collected from each replicate for analysis. Soil samples were collected from 0-15 cm layer, while, healthy leaf, grain and straw samples were collected from at least 10 sites per plot. Dinotefuran showed rapid dissipation rates in rice, with half-lives ranging from 1.62 to 2.21 days in leaves and 7.05 days in grains after different application frequencies. No residues were detected in the soil samples regardless of the application frequencies from the 0th day itself. Significant differences in residue levels were not observed among different application frequencies attributed to similar environmental conditions during the growing period. As residues in leaves were below the maximum residue limit on the initial day of application, no waiting period is recommended. All harvested samples were free of residues. Dietary risk assessment indicated that the risk quotient values were below 1, suggesting low risks for consumers.
Influence of Various Organic Sources on Soil Nutrient Status and Nutrient Uptake of Ragi under Guni Method
Authors: Latha H. S. , Umilsingh Nunavath , Venkatachalapathi V. , Naveen D. V. , T Jayanthi,
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif-2019 at the farmers field of Mylandahalli in Chikkaballapura distict of Karnataka, to study the effect of organic nutrient sources on soil nutrient status of finger millet under Guni method. The trial was framed out in randomized blocked design with twelve treatments replicated thrice. The results showed that supplement of SWC @ 50% N eq. + EBDLM @ 50% N eq. ha-1 + PG spray @ 3% (T9) had a significant effect on nutrient uptake, fertility status in soil and their values were statistically higher than all the other treatments. The findings of study reported that supplement of SWC @ 50% N eq. + EBDLM @ 50% N eq. ha-1 + PG spray @ 3% (T9) recorded significantly higher uptake of total nitrogen (124.7 kg ha-1), phosphorus (27.2 kg ha-1) and potassium (84.9 kg ha-1). Likewise, the same treatment had recorded superior in available soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (413.8, 44.6 and 223.1 kg ha-1, respectively) compared to other treatments and recommended FYM (10 t)+100:50:50 kg N: P2O5: K2O ha-1 found to be least in soil nutrients and uptake during cropping period of kharif 2019.
Impact of Bacterial Isolates on Phosphate Amendment Solubilization in Rice Cultivation on Acidic Soils
Authors: Guety Thierry Philippe , Bongoua-Devisme Affi Jeanne , Kpan Wondouet Hippolyte , Kouadio Konan-Kan Hippolyte , Bahan Franck Michael Lemounou
Published: September 2024

This study was carried out in 2023 at the National Agronomic Research Center (CNRA) station in Man, in west of Côte d'Ivoire. The aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in the mineralisation of various Phosphate Amendments (PA). Culture, isolation and purification tests on strains from the study site revealed the dominance of one strain. In the laboratory, it was associated with different treatments. The results show that it has a very highly significant effect on the parameters of the cultivation environment. The treatments increased pH. As the number of PSBs increased in the environment, dissolved P and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) levels increased, while pH decreased over time. DOC levels were higher with inoculation (1.96 mg.kg-1). The rate of mineralised P was highest (49.5 mg.kg-1) on treatment T8 (0%PR (Phosphate Rock+100%TSP (Triple Superphosphate)) but treatment T5 (60% PR+40% TSP) would be the most appropriate for field trials; compared with day 1, it gave, on average, the highest rate of P released. The combination of PSB and PA would be a promising alternative for increasing the effectiveness of PA, particularly with regard to the use of Phosphate Rock (PR).
A Comprehensive Review of Irrigation Systems Utilizing Sensor Technology
Authors: Kotadiya R. H. , Parmar P. M. , Poonia T. C. , Patel D. J. , Kacchiyapatel K. A.
Published: September 2024

The increasing need for water has become a significant cause for worry regarding the future of irrigated agriculture in numerous regions of the country. Hence, understanding the water requirements of crops is a crucial practical aspect for enhancing water utilization efficiency in irrigation methods. Conventional irrigation systems result in uneven water distribution, with certain sections of a field receiving excessive irrigation and others facing insufficient water supply. Given the evolving environmental conditions and water scarcity, there is a demand for a more effective system to manage field irrigation efficiently. The objective of this paper is to examine the necessity for soil moisture sensors in irrigation, explore sensor technology and assess their applications in various facets of agriculture and irrigation scheduling.
Ascertaining Impact of Potassium Schoenite (Mahalaabh) on the Yield and Its Attributes in Wheat, Mustard and Onion
Authors: Acharya Suresh , Dharaviya Rahul G. , Patel Kishan N.
Published: September 2024

Climate change and intensive farming necessitate precise nutrient application in agriculture. Potassium, magnesium and sulphur deficiencies impact crop yield and quality, while agrochemical residues pose environmental risks. Mahalaabh (K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O), a natural and neutral potassium Schoenite compound containing potassium, sulphur and magnesium, addresses these challenges. Field experiments were conducted during the 2023-24 Rabi season at AGROCEL Industries Pvt. Ltd., Mandvi, to ascertain the effects of Mahalaabh on wheat, mustard and onion using a Randomized Block Design with different application methods and dosages. Mahalaabh improved yields across all crops compared to the RFD and commercial check K-mag. In wheat, drip application at 8 kg/acre increased yield by 31.27%, while foliar application twice at 15 g/L improved yield by 18.10%, due to increased ear length and test weight. For mustard, two applications at 10 kg/acre yielded a 12.75% increase, primarily attributed to more secondary branches, siliqua/plant and seeds/siliqua, with two applications more effective than the single ones. In contrast, single applications of Mahalaabh at 12.5 kg/acre increased onion yields by 29.20% and were comparable to the results obtained from two applications at the same rate (30.97% increase).  Mahalaabh Powder proves effective for crop yield improvement, with optimal application methods and dosages varying by crop type.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Its Component Traits in Advanced Breeding Lines of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Mahalakshmi Pattapu Jahnavi , Satish Y. , Ramana J. V. , Raju M. RB.
Published: September 2024

Aims: To evaluate correlation and path analysis for nine yield attributing traits across sixty advanced breeding lines.
Study Design: The experiment was laid out in Alpha lattice design in 2 replications.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station in Maruteru during kharif, 2023
Methodology: Sixty advanced breeding lines of rice were evaluated for nine yield and its attributing traits. Correlation analysis, direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plant through path coefficient analysis were calculated. The traits examined included days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, ear-bearing tillers per square meter, spikelet fertility, grains per panicle, test weight and grain yield per plant.
Results: Correlation analysis revealed that plant height, ear-bearing tillers per square meter, panicle length, and grains per panicle exhibited significant positive correlations with grain yield per plant. This underscores the importance of these traits in contributing to improved yield outcomes. Path analysis results indicated that days to 50% flowering, ear-bearing tillers per square meter, panicle length, grains per panicle and test weight showed direct positive associations with grain yield per plant.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the significance of these specific traits as key selection indicators in breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield. Overall, emphasizing these traits in breeding efforts is shown to lead to improvements in grain yield per plant, making them crucial targets for selection and improvement strategies in rice breeding programs.
Insect Diversity and Abundance in Yellow Sticky Traps across Various Growth Stages of the Cabbage Ecosystem
Authors: T Chethan, , N Sumithramma, , B. R Archana , A. R. V Kumar, , Mulimani Vidya , C. N Lakshminarayana Reddy,
Published: September 2024

The study was conducted in a cabbage field located in Avathi village, Devanahalli Taluk, Bangalore rural district, Karnataka, India. Forty yellow sticky traps (22cm × 11cm) were strategically positioned in the field with a spacing of 10 meters between each pair of traps. Over the course of the experiment, ten traps were collected at 10-day intervals, with observations conducted at five different growth stages of the crop. A total of 19,292 insects were captured in the yellow sticky traps throughout the varying growth stages ranging from 35 to 75 Days After Planting (DAP). Notably, the peak insect count occurred at 55 DAP (4,536), followed by 45 DAP (4,446), while the lowest count was observed at 75 DAP (2,460). Similarly, the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) exhibited their highest count at 35 DAP (41), closely followed by 45 DAP and 75 DAP, with the lowest OTU count occurring at 65 DAP. In terms of taxonomic categorization, the majority of insects belonged to the order Hemiptera, comprising 70% of the total catch (13,471), followed by Diptera at 17% (3,302). On the other hand, OTUs were predominantly represented by Diptera at 32%, followed by Hemiptera at 27%, Hymenoptera at 20%, Coleoptera at 12%, Lepidoptera at 5%, and Isoptera and Thysanoptera at 2% each. Diversity analysis conducted on the insects captured during different cabbage crop growth stages revealed that the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices reached their highest values at 75 DAP, with the lowest recorded at 65 DAP. Similarly, evenness and equitability were maximized at 75 DAP, contrasting with their lowest values observed at 55 DAP. Additionally, Margalef’s index reached its peak at 35 DAP (4.84) and hit its lowest point at 65 DAP (3.61).
Exploration of Fungal Pathogens Associated with Post Harvest Diseases of Guava in Prayagraj, India
Authors: Maiti Swarnali , Lal Abhilasha A.
Published: September 2024

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a climacteric fruit belonging to the family Myrtaceae. Guava’s perishability makes it vulnerable to various diseases from root to crown, with fungal pathogens being a major cause of significant produce loss during storage and transit. An experiment was conducted to identify the fungal pathogens causing post-harvest diseases. Total 70 diseased guava samples (5 fruits from each location) were collected from various fruit markets in Prayagraj, U.P. These samples were then taken to the laboratory of the Department of Plant Pathology at the Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj for the purpose of isolation and identification of the pathogens. The study revealed the presence of ten fungal pathogens responsible for post-harvest diseases viz., Pestalotia psidii (37.14%), Curvularia sp. (15.71%), Alternaria sp. (11.42%), Penicillium sp. (8.57%), Colletotrichum sp. (7.14%), Fusarium sp. (7.14%), Aspergillus sp. (5.71%), Rhizopus sp. (2.85%), Rhizoctonia sp. (2.85%), and Verticillium sp. (2.58%).
A Comprehensive Review of Advances in Semiochemical Exploitation for Insect Pest Management
Authors: D. U. Shashank , G S Sujatha , Teja Katta Subramanya Sai , A P Hema , Mishra Ritu , S Abinaya , Shewta K. , Kumar Gadde Anil
Published: September 2024

In recent years, semiochemical-based pest management strategies have gained significant attention as they offer sustainable alternatives to conventional pesticides. Integrating semiochemicals into pest management strategies presents innovative approaches to addressing agricultural challenges. One promising method involves combining pheromones with entomopathogenic fungi, utilizing a "lure and infect" technique that attracts pests to fungal pathogens, enhancing control efficacy. Another advancement is the auto-dissemination approach, which promotes the spread of microbial pathogens within insect populations, effectively targeting pests like the fall armyworm. Additionally, the induction of plant defenses through "plant vaccination" by zoo phytophagous predators offers a novel way to enhance plant resistance against herbivores. Research into the production of insect pheromones in plants further supports sustainable pest management by disrupting pest mating behaviors. Electroantennography has emerged as a valuable tool for understanding insect olfaction, aiding in the identification of effective semiochemicals. The push-pull strategy employs plant semiochemicals to manipulate pest behavior, while pheromone dispensers provide efficient and long-lasting applications of these compounds. Collectively, these advancements highlight the potential of semiochemicals in revolutionizing pest management practices, aligning with the increasing demand for sustainable agricultural solutions. Continued research and innovation in these areas are crucial for optimizing the use of semiochemicals, ultimately contributing to more effective and environmentally friendly pest control methods.
Potassium Heterogeneous Distribution in Soil and Its Uptake by Zea mays l.
Authors: G.O. Ogunlade-Anibasa, , M.A. Gbolahan, , P.T. Ameh,
Published: September 2024

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient on the growth and development of plants. This study investigated the uptake of potassium by Zea mays in heterogeneous soil distribution towards increasing the availability of this nutrient in plants, animals and human foods. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with Zea mays grown under control, (0mg/kg K added) homogeneous (100mg/kg K added), and heterogeneous (stimulated realistic heterogeneity) of K for 6 weeks after germination and initial establishment for 4 weeks. Shoots and root at harvest were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS), Thermos Fisher Scientific Model 3000 ICE after acid digestion with Nitric acid. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for windows, deploying appropriate statistical tools. The mean shoot K concentration in control, homogenous and heterogeneous treatment were 11460±250mg/kg, 1401±117mg/kg and 11188±222mg/kg respectively while the mean root K concentration in control, homogenous and heterogeneous treatment were 11581±96mg/kg, 12018±286mg/kg, and 8066.2±1468mg/kg respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the root and shoot potassium concentrations between treatments. However, the root potassium concentration of the control treatment was two to three times as much as that of the homogenous and heterogeneous treatments. The homogenous shoot potassium concentration was the lowest 1401±117mg/kg and two times higher than that of the control and heterogeneous treatments which suggest low translocation of potassium from the roots to the shoot in homogenous soil condition. Potassium concentration on all treatments were 2 to 3 times as high the WHO standard limit which may pose health risk. However, the risk depends on the frequency of consumption and the plant part consumed. The concentration factor (CF) for control, homogeneous, and heterogeneous were 0.84, 0.69 and 0.10 respectively. The concentration factor (CF) did not differ between treatments. This study showed that this Zea mays plants uptake potassium from varying soil conditions and effectively translocate them to the above ground. This has implications for approving the availability of those nutrients in plants and animals.
Standardization of Nutrients Required for Raising Pro Tray Chip Budded Sugarcane Seedlings for Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative (SSI) Technology
Authors: Annadurai K. , Nageswari R. , Janaki D. , Guhan V. , Vijayabhaskar A.
Published: September 2024

Field investigateions were carried out for the standardization for improving the quality of protray chip budded seedlings of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for SSI (Sustainable Sugarcane Initiative). The research was conducted under shade net conditions at Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Sirugamani. The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block design (RBD) with three replications and 14 treatments including different combinations of nursery nutrient management and nutrient spraying on chip budded seedlings for finding out the standardizing the nutrients required for getting vigorous chib budded seedlings of sugarcane. The study on nutrients requirement for chip budded seedlings raised in protray with the nursery media of cocopeat & sugarcane trash compost at a 2:1 ratio found that application of 0.5 g urea/bud along with foliar spraying of 1% urea at 15 DAP recorded the higher vigour index of chip budded seedlings of sugarcane at 30 DAP.
Effect of Exposure and Assessment of Diversity, Abundance of Insects in Cabbage Crop Using Yellow Sticky Traps
Authors: T. Chethan, , N. Sumithramma, , B R Archana , A. R.V. Kumar, , Mulimani Vidya , R Manjunatha, , C.N. Lakshminarayana Reddy,
Published: September 2024

Cabbage is a leafy vegetable cultivated worldwide for its dense heads. Many insects affecting cabbage and posing challenges to cultivation. Yellow sticky traps are adhesive sheets used to attract and capture flying insects and help to monitor and manage infestations in gardens and greenhouses. The study aims at providing insights on effectiveness of use of yellow sticky traps in cabbage ecosystem. An experiment was conducted in a cabbage field using sticky traps (22 cm X 11 cm) over a 12-days period at Avathi village, Devanahalli Taluk, Karnataka, India.  A set of 60 traps were installed randomly in the field when the crop was at 60 days old.   Five traps were sampled daily and examined microscopically and the number of insects trapped were recorded over the 12-day study period.  The number of insects caught showed an increasing trend from day 1 to day 7 and almost reached saturation by day 10.  Similarly, the number of insects added to the trap decreased from 8 to 12 days after installation.  These trends suggest that the 22 cm X 11 cm size sticky traps get saturated by the 10th day resulting in steadily reducing catches with further sampling.  On the 10th day of exposure, the cumulative number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) was maximum.  The diversity indices were also found to be maximum on the 10th day.  Marginal additions of insects by numbers and OTUs after a 10-days period suggest that sticky traps of the given size are ideal for sampling insects only up to 10 days after installation in the cabbage system.  Further, on the same logic, from the point of view of pest reduction, continuous exposure of sticky traps for the whole cropping period, as is currently being practiced by the farmers, is not a wise practice.
Evaluating the Financial Impact of Insurance on Farmers: A Case Study from Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Naik Popavath Bhargav , Vidhyavathi A. , Sindhuja Padigapati Venkata Naga , Hanji Shreya S , Perka Shiva Kumar
Published: September 2024

Aims: To evaluate the cost-returns and technical efficiency of both insured and non-insured farmers of chilli and cotton in the study area.
Study Design: A comprehensive ex post facto study was conducted, collecting data through a stratified random sampling design in the selected villages within the study area.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. The final sample size included 150 farmers, out of which 90 were insured and 60 were non-insured. The study was conducted during the 2023-24 period. However, the data was collected on the costs and returns of chilli and cotton farming during the 2022 Kharif season.
Methodology: Cost concepts and stochastic frontier analysis were used to estimate cost returns and technical efficiency in chilli and cotton crops, respectively.
Results: The study findings highlighted the significant benefits of crop insurance for farmers. Insured chilli farmers achieved higher yields (40.94 q/ha) and returns (Rs. 722181/ha) compared to non-insured farmers, who had lower yields (39.72 q/ha) and returns (Rs. 700308 /ha). Similarly, insured cotton farmers also experienced better results with higher yields (18.65 q/ha) and returns (Rs. 121280/ha) compared to non-insured cotton farmers, whose yields were 17 q/ha and returns were Rs. 110551 /ha. The technical efficiency of insured farmers (chilli-0.91 and cotton-0.81) was greater than non-insured farmers (chilli-0.84 and cotton-0.75).
Conclusion: The current study highlights the vital role of crop insurance in improving the yield, farm income, and efficiency of both chilli and cotton farmers.
Innovation of a Low-Cost Water Quality Monitoring System in Aquaculture Ponds
Authors: Tiwari Shivang , Kushwah Ajay , Kumar Shravan , Singh Indraveer , Nag Ramineni Harsha , Bhagat Preeti , Yadav Rashmi
Published: September 2024

This research focuses on the development of an embedded system designed for real-time monitoring and control of water quality parameters in aquaculture ponds. The system aims to provide an efficient and cost-effective solution for managing critical water quality factors such as temperature, turbidity, and pH levels, which are essential for maintaining a healthy aquaculture environment. The system integrates temperature, turbidity, and pH sensors with an Arduino Mega board, an LCD, and other electrical components to detect and display water quality parameters. Input data from the sensors are processed and analyzed using an Arduino program installed on a computer system, and the results are directly displayed on the LCD. The performance of the developed system was validated by comparing its readings with those obtained from traditional instruments, including a pH-cum-temperature meter and a Secchi disc for turbidity. The comparison revealed an error margin of 0.9% for pH, 1.2% for temperature, and 1.9% for turbidity when using the embedded system compared to traditional methods. The results showed no significant difference between the developed method and traditional methods. The total cost of developing the system was approximately Rs. 7000. The experimental results demonstrate that the developed embedded system is a viable and cost-effective tool for monitoring and improving water quality in aquaculture ponds, contributing to the betterment of the aquaculture environment.