bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polisemia i synonimia w rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu ostu w polskiej tradycji ludowej
Authors: Prorok Katarzyna
Published: January 2020

Polysemy and Synonymy in the Reconstruction of the Linguistic Image of Thistle in Polish Folklore

In the first part of the article, the author attempts to determine which plant should be described in the entry OSET (‘thistle’) in Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych (‘A Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols’), as the name oset is polysemic in Polish dialects and can refer not only to thistle (Carduus), but also to other similar plants with prickly leaves/stems and roundish red, purple or pink flowers, most often to cirsium (Cirsium), less often to cottonthistle (Onopordon) or milk thistle (Silybum). Villagers either identify these plants with each other, or distinguish them from each other, but nevertheless count them together in the common ‘category of thistles’. Hence the proposal that all the above mentioned ‘thistles’ should be included in the entry for OSET. The method of defining adopted in the Dictionary…, so-called cognitive definition, allows for it as its purpose is to reconstruct the colloquial, ‘stereotypical’ way of conceptualizing reality; it describes ‘mental objects’, ‘social notions of objects’ – not, as typically in dictionary definitions, words or the real-world objects that correspond to them. In the second part of the article, the author analyses synonyms and hyponyms of all of the ‘thistles’ that have been selected for description. Although from a scientific point of view some of them are only quasi-synonyms, they form a semantically consistent group, and are worth being included in the definition of OSET, because they strengthen or profile the basic image of OSET that has been reconstructed on the basis of other sources (proverbs, songs, tales, legends, descriptions of beliefs and practices, etc.). For example, bodziak (lit. ‘one that gores’), drapacz (lit. ‘one that scratches’) talk about thistle as a sharp, prickly plant; kolkowe ziele (lit. ‘colic herb’) – a plant believed to heal stabbing pains; diabelski oset (lit. ‘devil’s thistle’), diabelskie nasienie (lit. ‘devil’s seed’) – a plant perceived as devilish; czartopłoch (lit. ‘one that scares the devil away’) – an apotropaic plant, etc.
Zenon Klemensiewicz w swoim czasie. Ze wspomnień uczennicy
Authors: Kałkowska Anna
Published: January 2020

Zenon Klemensiewicz in His Time. From the Memories of a Pupil

The author, a witness of the last twenty years of Professor Zenon Klemensiewicz’s life and activity, reminds the importance of his person for the period he helped to shape. He went beyond linguistics, and became a separate value of cultural, moral, and national life. He symbolized the model of a Polish patriot and researcher, heir to humanistic traditions, a romanticist and positivist in one. The paper passes down the author’s and the milieu’s memories of the rich and complex personality of the master and the boss, his extraordinary didactic and rhetoric talent, it is an introduction to a personal and academic biography of a typical Polish intellectual determined by two world wars.
"Historia języka polskiego" Zenona Klemensiewicza a potrzeba nowej syntezy
Authors: Dunaj Bogusław
Published: January 2020

Zenon Klemensiewicz’s "Historia języka polskiego" (‘History of the Polish Language’), and the Need of a New Synthesis
Prof. Zenon Klemensiewicz authored handbooks of contemporary Polish grammar, historical Polish grammar, syntax, and history of the Polish language. The latter constitutes his crowning achievement, and remains to this day the most important synthesis of Polish linguistic history. Half a century has passed since its publication. In this time, many monographies have been published which present the evolution of the language in various epochs; moreover, multiple monographies have been devoted to vocabulary and word-formation. These works justify the need to prepare a new synthesis. Such a synthesis is also needed for another reason: it must make use of new methodological concepts. For example, the description needs to pay attention to the communicative aspect. A new, multi-volume synthesis ought to be a collective work, developed by a team of the most distinguished historians of the Polish language.
Initial and Longer-Term Change in Unit-Level Turnover Following Leader Succession: Contingent Effects of Outgoing and Incoming Leader Characteristics
Authors: Li Huisi (Jessica) , Hausknecht John P. , Dragoni Lisa
Published: January 2020

Leader exits at the work-unit level are prevalent, yet little attention has been devoted to understanding the impact of leader succession on employee turnover. In this paper, we draw from uncertainty-management theory to specify and test conditions under which leader exits are followed by increases (or decreases) in the turnover rates of remaining members. We theorize that leader exits disrupt the status quo and heighten remaining members’ feelings of uncertainty and propose that characteristics of the outgoing and incoming leaders help members forecast their future work situation and influence their decisions to stay or leave. Leveraging longitudinal data from 287 locations of a U.S. hospitality organization (n = 6,357 unit-month observations), we test several attributes of the succession context that moderate the effects of leader departures on both the initial change in turnover levels and the longer-term change in turnover trends. Discontinuous growth models revealed both an initial spike and a longer-term rise in voluntary turnover rates following the departure of a high-performing leader. In addition, the longer-term turnover trajectory was found to trend upward when replacements lacked role experience, when replacements were internally promoted, and when post-succession involuntary termination rates were high. Overall, we conclude that the magnitude and direction of leader-succession effects on unit turnover rates depends on uncertainty-reducing characteristics associated with both outgoing and incoming leaders.
Appendiceal intussusception caused by mucinous cystadenoma presenting as acute appendicitis
Authors: Teke Z , Eray IC , Aydin E , Ortlek AB
Published: January 2020

While appendiceal intussusception is an uncommon pathological condition, mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix is a particularly rare entity. We report a case of appendiceal intussusception induced by a mucinous cystadenoma presenting as acute appendicitis. A 37-year-old woman was admitted with a one-day history of acute onset, right lower abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed swelling of the appendix, a pathological mass in the ileocolic region and oedematous pericolonic fat stranding.

Emergency laparotomy via a McBurney incision revealed that the base of the appendix was swollen and intussuscepting into the caecum. Palpation of the caecum demonstrated an intraluminal mass, 6cm in size, at the appendicocaecal junction. After extension of the McBurney incision, a caecotomy was performed to investigate the mass, following which a cauliflower-like tumour started to protrude. En bloc excision was undertaken of both the appendix and the tumorous mass with a clear surgical margin to send for frozen section analysis. The biopsy samples indicated a mucinous neoplasm. Ileocaecal resection was therefore performed with ileocolic anastomosis.

The resected specimen contained a tumour arising from the appendix. The tumour measured 5.3cm x 5cm x 3cm in the caecal cavity and the appendix had invaginated into the caecum at its base. The cut surface of the appendix showed the mucinous tumour projecting into the caecal cavity. Microscopic examination revealed a low grade mucinous cystadenoma.
Single shot 3D profilometry by polarization pattern projection
Authors: Maeda Yuuki , Shibata Shuhei , Hagen Nathan , Otani Yukitoshi
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate a uniaxial 3D profilometry system illuminating the sample with a linear polarization pattern and measuring a polarization camera. The linear polarization pattern is generated by a spatial light modulator and a quarter-wave plate in the optical system. The system can measure four different fringe patterns with a phase difference of 90 deg simultaneously in the polarization camera. Therefore, we can measure three-dimensional shapes in a single shot. We present the measurement principles of the system and show the results of a real-time 3D profilometry experiment.
Using machine learning in an open optical line system controller
Authors: D’Amico Andrea , Straullu Stefano , Nespola Antonino , Khan Ihtesham , London Elliot , Virgillito Emanuele , Piciaccia Stefano , Tanzi Aberto , Galimberti Gabriele , Curri Vittorio
Published: January 2020

The reduction of system margin in open optical line systems (OLSs) requires the capability to predict the quality of transmission (QoT) within them. This quantity is given by the generalized signal-to-noise ratio (GSNR), including both the effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and nonlinear interference accumulation. Among these, estimating the ASE noise is the most challenging task due to the spectrally resolved working point of the erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), which depend on the spectral load, given the overall gain profile. An accurate GSNR estimation enables control of the power optimization and the possibility to automatically deploy lightpaths with a minimum margin in a reliable manner. We suppose an agnostic operation of the OLS, meaning that the EDFAs are operated as black boxes and rely only on telemetry data from the optical channel monitor at the end of the OLS. We acquire an experimental data set from an OLS made of 11 EDFAs and show that, without any knowledge of the system characteristics, an average extra margin of 2.28 dB is necessary to maintain a conservative threshold of QoT. Following this, we applied deep neural network machine-learning techniques, demonstrating a reduction in the needed margin average down to 0.15 dB.
Chromatic discriminations along two cardinal axes share a common attentional resource
Authors: Zhuang Xiaohua , Cao Dingcai
Published: January 2020

Attentional modulation is specific to either luminance or chromatic contrast discrimination, implying separate attentional resources for processing luminance and chromatic information processing [e.g., Curr. Biol. 12, 1134 (2002)CUBLE20960-982210.1016/S0960-9822(02)00921-1]. However, there are two distinct visual pathways that process chromatic information: the parvocellular (PC) and koniocellular (KC) pathways. It is unclear whether there are separate attentional resources modulating the chromatic processes in these pathways. Here, we examined the attentional modulation effects on chromatic contrast discrimination with chromaticities along the

l

or

s

cardinal axis on a cone chromaticity space for preferentially stimulating either the inferred PC or KC pathway, respectively. A dual-task interference paradigm was used, and chromatic contrast discrimination sensitivities under dual-task conditions were compared with that under a single-task condition. The results revealed that compared with the single-task condition, attending to a competing central task in the dual-task condition decreased the peripheral discrimination sensitivity in both chromatic cardinal axes, and sensitivity reduced regardless of whether the dual tasks were along the same or different chromatic cardinal axes. These findings indicate that attentional effects on chromatic processes are not specific to the cardinal axis, suggesting that the PC and KC pathways may share a common attention resource in modulating chromatic processing.
Observer metamerism in commercial displays
Authors: Xie Hao , Farnand Susan P. , Murdoch Michael J.
Published: January 2020

Two uniform patches presented on two displays under identical viewing conditions can appear as the same color to one observer but as mismatched colors to another observer. This phenomenon, called observer metamerism (OM), occurs due to individual differences in color matching functions. To avoid its potentially adverse impacts in display calibration and characterization, it is desirable to have a predictive model of OM. In this work, we report the computational results of how to use existing metrics to quantify the potential OM between commercial display pairs and a proposed OM metric that is verified through a psychophysical experiment.
Spacing-dependent electromagnetically induced transparency with two nuclear ensembles inside an x-ray planar cavity
Authors: Huang Xin-Chao , Ma Zi-Ru , Kong Xiang-Jin , Li Wen-Bin , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: January 2020

The x-ray planar cavity embedded in two nuclear ensembles at node and antinode positions with fixed spacing has been used to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like effect previously. In this work, the same x-ray planar cavity but with a flexible spacing configuration is studied theoretically. By developing a concise transfer matrix method, the changing of spacing is reflected conveniently as the phase shift of the propagation matrices, based on which the system can be solved analytically. A periodic characteristic as a function of the spacing is observed, i.e., the first nuclear ensemble locating at any node will result in an EIT effect while the EIT effect will be completely compressed when it is at any antinode. It indicates that the phase shift between the two nuclear ensembles plays a key role for the coupling field. This kind of phase manipulation will enrich the approaches of quantum control in the x-ray regime.
Terahertz pulse induced femtosecond optical second harmonic generation in transparent media with cubic nonlinearity
Authors: Bodrov S. B. , Sergeev Yu. A. , Korytin A. I. , Burova E. A. , Stepanov A. N.
Published: January 2020

Second harmonic (SH) generation of femtosecond laser radiation induced
by a short terahertz pulse in a layer of isotropic medium with cubic
nonlinearity was investigated. A comprehensive 1D theory of SH field
dynamics with allowance for different propagation velocities of
interacting terahertz, fundamental, and SH pulses was developed. In
particular, it was shown that for media with a coherent length of the
fundamental and second optical harmonics smaller than the walk-off
length of the fundamental optical and THz pulses, a SH radiation
signal is generated only when the fundamental optical and terahertz
pulses overlap near the entrance and exit surfaces of the nonlinear
layer rather than when the pulses are superimposed in the bulk. The
prediction was verified experimentally by using a 3-mm-thick fused
quartz. Good agreement between the theory and the experiment was
demonstrated.
Silicon nitride optical phased array based on a grating antenna enabling wavelength-tuned beam steering
Authors: Im Chul-Soon , Bhandari Bishal , Lee Kyeong-Pyo , Kim Sung-Moon , Oh Min-Cheol , Lee Sang-Shin
Published: January 2020

An optical phased array (OPA) in silicon nitride (SiN) is conspicuously highlighted as a vital alternative to its counterpart in silicon. However, a limited number of studies have been conducted on this array in terms of wavelength-tuned beam steering. A SiN OPA has been proposed and implemented with a grating antenna that incorporated an array of shallow-etched waveguides, rendering wavelength-tuned beam steering along the longitudinal direction. To accomplish a superior directionality on a wavelength-tuned beam steering, the spectral beam emission characteristics of the antenna have been explored from the viewpoint of a planar structure that entails a buried oxide (BOX), a SiN waveguide core, and an upper cladding. Two OPA devices having substantially different thicknesses of the resonant cavities, established by combining the BOX and SiN core, were considered theoretically and experimentally to scrutinize the spectral emission characteristics of the antenna on beam steering. Both of the fabricated OPA devices steered light by an angle of 7.4° along the longitudinal direction for a wavelength ranging from 1530 to 1630 nm, while they maintained a divergence angle of 0.2°×0.6° in the longitudinal and lateral directions. Meanwhile, the OPA fabricated on a substantially thick BOX layer featured a limited steering performance to attain a stabilized response over a broad spectral region. We examined the influence of the cavity thickness on the spectral response of the antenna in terms of optical thickness. Based on the two antenna characteristics, it was confirmed that the grating antenna emitted the beam with a higher efficiency when the optical thickness of the cavity corresponded to odd integer multiples of the quarter wavelength. This work is a considerable strategy for designing a stabilized SiN OPA over a desired spectral region.
Tunable narrow-linewidth laser at 2 μm wavelength for gravitational wave detector research
Authors: Kapasi D. P. , Eichholz J. , McRae T. , Ward R. L. , Slagmolen B. J. J. , Legge S. , Hardman K. S. , Altin P. A. , McClelland D. E.
Published: January 2020

We present and characterize a narrow-linewidth external-cavity diode laser at 2 μm, and show that it represents a low-cost, high-performance alternative to fiber lasers for research into 2 μm photonic technologies for next-generation gravitational-wave detectors. A linewidth of 20 kHz for a 10 ms integration time was measured without any active stabilization, with frequency noise of ∼ 15 Hz/

Hz

between 3 kHz and 100 kHz. This performance is suitable for the generation of quantum squeezed light, and we measure intensity noise comparable to that of master oscillators used in current gravitational wave interferometers. The laser wavelength is tunable over a 120 nm range, and both the frequency and intensity can be modulated at up to 10 MHz by modulating the diode current. These features also make it suitable for other emerging applications in the 2 μm wavelength region including gas sensing, optical communications and LIDAR.
Sensitivity analysis of Raman endoscopy with and without wavefront shaping
Authors: Amitonova Lyubov V. , de Boer Johannes F.
Published: January 2020

Vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful method for the label-free identification of molecules. Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy integrated with an ultra-thin fiber-based endoscope can provide remote, local, and minimally invasive chemical analysis in many fields from biomedical diagnostics to the materials industry. Miniaturization of the probe in combination with a large field of view (FOV) and high sensitivity would be beneficial for a broad class of applications. Here we quantitatively analyze signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the sensitivity improvement due to wavefront shaping. We show that wavefront shaping in an ultra-thin single-fiber probe allows to decrease the total measurements time up to several orders of magnitude even without any prior knowledge of the Raman particle location. Such a fiber probe is well suited for minimally-invasive endoscopy in biological and medical applications.
Flexible spectrum sharing of two asynchronous phase-shift keying signals using power division multiplexing
Authors: Liao Peicheng , Zou Kaiheng , Zhou Huibin , Fallahpour Ahmad , Hu Nanzhe , Cao Yinwen , Almaiman Ahmed , Alishahi Fatemeh , Bao Changjing , Tur Moshe , Willner Alan E.
Published: January 2020

We numerically and experimentally report flexible spectrum sharing of two asynchronous phase-shift keying (PSK) signals using power division multiplexing. We show that a hybrid quadrature-amplitude-modulated signal is generated when two PSK signals with different power levels are superposed. By using successive interference cancellation, a 20 Gbaud “strong” signal combined with a 9 or 4 Gbaud “weak” signal can be recovered sequentially with bit-error rate performance below the forward error correction threshold. In addition, we show the dependence of system performance on the power ratio between the strong and weak signals. These two signals can contain different baudrates, pulse shapes, and modulation formats.
2.9  µm lasing from a Ho3+/Pr3+ co-doped AlF3-based glass fiber pumped by a 1150  nm laser
Authors: Wang Shunbin , Zhang Jiquan , Xu Niannian , Jia Shijie , Brambilla Gilberto , Wang Pengfei
Published: January 2020

H
o

3
+

/

P
r

3
+

co-doped

A
l
F

3

-based glass fibers were fabricated by using a rod-in-tube method based on the matrix glass composition of

A
l
F

3

−

B
a
F

2

−

C
a
F

2

−

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−

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F

2

−

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g
F

2

−

L
i
F

−

Z
r
F

4

−

P
b
F

2

. Under the pump of a 1150 mW Raman fiber laser, a 2.9 µm laser was observed in a 19 cm long

H
o

3
+

/

P
r

3
+

co-doped

A
l
F

3

-based glass fiber with an output power of 173 mW and a slope efficiency of 10.4%.

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o

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/

P
r

3
+

co-doped

A
l
F

3

-based glasses were fabricated to investigate the deactivation effects of

P
r

3
+

ions on the

H
o

3
+

:

5

I

7

level. Our results showed that the

H
o

3
+

/

P
r

3
+

co-doped

A
l
F

3

-based glass fibers are potential gain media for

∼

2.9

µ

m

lasers.
All-fiber nonlinear optical wavelength conversion system from the C-band to the mid-infrared
Authors: Alamgir Imtiaz , St-Hilaire François , Rochette Martin
Published: January 2020

We demonstrate an all-fiber wavelength conversion system from the C-band to the wavelength range of 2.30–2.64 µm of the mid-infrared (MIR). A series of nonlinear processes is used to perform this spectral shift in excess of 80 THz; from optical pulses in the C-band, self-phase modulation spectral broadening and offset filtering generate probe pulses in the C- and L-band. In parallel to this, Raman-induced soliton self-frequency shift converts pulses from the C-band into pump pulses in the 2 µm wavelength band. The resulting synchronized probe and pump pulses interact via degenerate four-wave mixing to produce wavelength-converted idler pulses in the MIR. Silica fiber is used for nonlinear processes at wavelengths

<

2

µ

m

whereas chalcogenide glass is used for nonlinear processes at wavelengths

≥

2

µ

m

. This system is a major step toward the development of compact MIR optical sources generated from widespread pump lasers of the C-band.
Optical dielectric constants of single crystalline silver films in the long wavelength range
Authors: Choi Junho , Cheng Fei , Cleary Justin W. , Sun Liuyang , Dass Chandriker Kavir , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Wang Chun-Yuan , Gwo Shangjr , Shih Chih-Kang , Li Xiaoqin
Published: January 2020

Optical dielectric constants are critical to modeling the electronic and optical properties of materials. Silver, as a noble metal with low loss, has been extensively investigated. The recently developed epitaxial growths of single crystalline Ag on dielectric substrates have prompted efforts to characterize their intrinsic optical dielectric function. In this paper, we report spectral ellipsometry measurements and analysis of a thick, epitaxially-grown, single-crystalline Ag film. We focus on the range of 0.18 – 1.0 eV or 1.24 – 7 µm, an energy and wavelength range that has not been examined previously using epitaxial films. We compare the extracted dielectric constants and the predicted optical performances with previous measurements. The loss is appreciably lower than the widely quoted Palik’s optical constants (i.e., up to a factor of 2) in the infrared frequency range. The improved knowledge of fundamental optical properties of the high-quality epitaxial Ag film will have a broad impact on simulations and practical applications based on Ag in the long wavelength range.
Opto-mechanical time-domain analysis based on coherent forward stimulated Brillouin scattering probing
Authors: Pang Chao , Hua Zijie , Zhou Dengwang , Zhang Hongying , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi , Dong Yongkang
Published: January 2020

Guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering has gained considerable interest in recent years because of its capacity to detect mechanical features of materials surrounding the optical fiber. Nevertheless, distributed measurements using this mechanism are rarely taken because of the impracticality of the method’s forward scattering mechanism. Recently, remarkable work using ingenious schemes has managed to address the difficulty, which opens a brand new way to achieve position-resolved substance identification. However, due to the long acoustic wave lifetime and insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), current spatial resolution is restricted to 15–50 m, which is far from practical requirements. Here we propose a novel opto-mechanical time-domain analysis based on coherent forward stimulated Brillouin scattering probing to greatly improve the achievable spatial resolution. The coherent transverse acoustic wave is first created by a long activation pulse and then probed by a short two-tone probe pulse. The two-tone probing process involves a coherent stimulated interaction between the probe pulse and the excited transverse acoustic wave. The interaction, which we first propose here, shows a distinct phase-sensitive characteristic. This new coherent stimulated probing process, if it is well controlled, will enhance the forward stimulated Brillouin scattering intensity and thus improve the SNR of the sensing. Moreover, higher SNR backward stimulated Brillouin scattering is used to detect the intensity evolution of the probe pulse. Owing to this new sensing scheme combined with a more robust demodulation algorithm, we demonstrated a 2 m spatial resolution opto-mechanical measurement over a 225 m long fiber in which we were able to distinguish air from alcohol. These advances greatly facilitate the practicability of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering.
Ultra-broadband reflector using double-layer subwavelength gratings
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Shi Shuaikai , Jiao Hongfei , Ji Xiaochuan , Wang Zhanshan , Cheng Xinbin
Published: January 2020

Double-layer high-contrast subwavelength gratings that are separated by a dielectric space layer are investigated to achieve ultra-broadband reflection. The reflection phase of subwavelength gratings and the propagation phase shift between two gratings are manipulated to expand reflection bandwidth by properly stacking two reflective gratings. A reflector exhibiting a 99% reflectance bandwidth of

∼
1080
  
nm

in the near-infrared is designed. Then this reflector is prepared using laser interference lithography and ion beam planarization, and an ultra-broadband reflection is achieved with reflectance exceeding 97% over a wavelength range of 955 nm in the near-infrared region.
Elucidation of “phase difference” in Raman tensor formalism: erratum
Authors: Zheng Wei , Yan Jingshen , Li Fadi , Huang Feng
Published: January 2020

This erratum corrects the errors that appeared in Photon. Res. 6, 709 (2018)PRHEIZ2327-912510.1364/PRJ.6.000709 associated with the polarization description of the experimental optical path, as well as the image errors.
Phaedo 62b
Authors: Milione Vitor De Simoni
Published: January 2020

No final do prólogo do Fédon (61b-63b), há uma tensão entre desejo de morte e proibição do suicídio entendida por Cebes como um contrassenso manifesto. Contudo, o que se mostra um disparate é na realidade o recurso platônico para introduzir grandes temas que serão trabalhados ao longo do diálogo. Delinear-se-á, numa curiosa trama de mythos e lógos, um ponto crucial que reverbera no restante do diálogo e que possui, com efeito, grande envergadura para o pensamento filosófico e religioso posterior: trata-se do passo 62b, no qual se diz que “nós homens estamos numa certa de phrourá”. Como entender essa afirmação, cuja obscuridade é reconhecida pelo próprio Sócrates? Parece-nos que a compreensão desse passo depende da interpretação e, por conseguinte, da tradução que se dá para o termo phrourá. Afinal, trata-se de prisão, cárcere, custódia, posto, ou serviço de guarda? Devido às muitas controvérsias que esse vocábulo tem causado desde a Antiguidade, e na confiança de que essa discussão ainda está longe de encontrar seu termo, este artigo tem como objetivo não só analisar a semântica desse vocábulo grego, mas também articulá-la com o passo no qual está inserida. E o pano de fundo: uma visão religiosa particular que afirma o divino ser o que cuida dos homens. Em suma, espera-se que esse debate proporcione recursos para novas pesquisas e reflexões férteis sobre a filosofia platônica.
Economic autarkeia
Authors: Zayas María Florencia
Published: January 2020

The concept of autarkeia present in the Aristotelian Politics is conceived as inseparable from the end of the city-State, insofar as it is not only constituted for mere living (zen) but for living well (eu zen). This implies a moralization of the state order that allows us to think about the conformation of an economic dimension based on the concept of autarkeia. Taking as a methodological starting point the “dialogical tension zones” device (Mársico, 2010), we will affirm that exists an Aristotelian economic thinking based on three significant concepts of his political philosophy: “self-sufficiency”, “city-State”, “justice” (Polanyi, 1994). Finally, we will affirm that the concept of “natural slavery” aims to guarantee the constitution of an autonomous productive economic order that delegitimizes the federated states’ model of organization (summachia).
Structure Activity Relationship of Xanthones for Inhibition of Cyclin Dependent Kinase 4 from Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L.
Authors: Vemu Bhaskar , Nauman Mirielle C. , Veenstra Jacob P. , Johnson Jeremy J.
Published: January 2020

The mangosteen fruit is a popular Southeast Asian fruit consumed for centuries. There have been a variety of xanthones isolated from the fruit, bark, roots and leaves with each having unique chemical and physical properties. Previously, the most abundant xanthone α-mangostin has been shown to inhibit CDK4. Herein we describe the role of selected xanthones from the mangosteen inhibiting CDK4. The evidence we provide here is that key functional groups are required to inhibit the CDK4 protein to prevent the phosphorylation of downstream targets critical to inhibiting uncontrolled cell cycle progression. To define the properties of xanthones for inhibiting CDK4 we utilized a cell free biochemical assay to identify inhibitors of CDK4. The following xanthones were used for the analysis: α-mangostin, β-mangostin, γ-mangostin, gartanin, 8-desoxygartanin, garcinone C and garcinone D, 9-hydroxycalabaxanthone, and 3-isomangostin These results further substantiate the unique pharmacological properties of individual xanthones and how a mixture of xanthones may be responsible for a multi-targeted effect in cell based pharmacology systems.
Peroxidase from Coleus Forskohlii: Purification and Biochemical Characterization
Authors: Almulaiky Yaaser Q. , Almulaiky Yaaser Q.
Published: January 2020

In this study, a peroxidase from new source was purified using ion exchange and gel filtration techniques. The recovery for peroxidase activity was 19% with 11-fold purification and specific activity of 749 unit/mg protein. Purified peroxidase demonstrated a molecular mass of 39 kDa using gel filtration and was confirmed as a single band on SDS-PAGE. The purified peroxidase revealed a broad optimum pH activity at 6.0-6.5 and 50°C temperature. The kinetic parameters for purified peroxidase toward H2O2 and guaiacol as substrates were found to be Km = 3.355, 5.395 mM, Kcat = 99.52, 79.56 s-1 and Vmax =1.531, 1.242 µmole ml-1 min-1, respectively. The catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) of the purified peroxidase was 14.75 and 29.66 s−1 mM−1 for guaiacol and H2O2, respectively. Peroxidase activity was observed to be enhanced by Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and inhibited in the presence of Sn2+, Al3+, Hg2+, NaN3, EDTA and urea. Characterization showed that peroxidase purified from C. forskohlii has the ability to be used for food industrial applications.
Accessibility and Barriers to Uptake of Ophthalmic Services among Rural Communities in the Upper Denkyira West District, Ghana
Authors: Koomson Nana Yaa , Adaboh Hayford , Nkansah Ernest Kyei , Amponsah Joseph Kumi , Larbi Daniel , Odotei Samuel Odoi
Published: January 2020

Vision impairment and blindness remain a challenge in developing countries, especially in rural communities. Notwithstanding, VISION 2020 global initiative seeks to eliminate avoidable blindness by 2020. This community-based cross-sectional study aimed at determining the accessibility of ophthalmic services and barriers to its utilization in rural communities in the Upper Denkyira West District, Ghana. One-hundred and seventy participants from 5 randomly chosen rural communities in the district were included. Participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic information, information regarding accessibility, utilization, and barriers to eye care services were obtained. Descriptive statistics were carried out using SPSS version 23. The Chi-squared test was employed to determine associations. P-values less than 0.05 at a confidence interval of 95% were considered significant. Only 21.8% of participants had had eye examination within the past 3 years, with over half of the examinations undertaken at screening grounds and health centres. Significant associations were found between ophthalmic services utilization and increasing age (p = 0.004), female gender (p = 0.027) and those who had a past history of eye problem(s) (p = 0.0010. The study found gross inadequate utilization of ophthalmic services mainly due to unavailable ophthalmic services in the rural district. Public health education and eye care interventions should prioritize and target rural populations. Key Messages: This study found gross inadequate utilization of ophthalmic services mainly due to unavailable ophthalmic services in the rural district. Rural dwellers were thus compelled to resort to harmful eye care practices. Public health education and eye care interventions should prioritize and target rural populations
Cystic Mass on Computed Tomography With Acute Onset Painless Jaundice
Authors: Li Feng , Chahal Prabhleen
Published: January 2020

Acute onset painless jaundice in the elderly population raises the concern for underlying malignant etiology. We present, we want to alert the clinicians of the significance of thorough medication reconciliation, appropriate interpretation of radiology findings and their clinical implications, and the evolving use of endoscopic ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in patients with abnormal liver function tests. The above-mentioned steps along with eliciting the key detail history pertaining to the recent medication use lead us to the diagnosis of amoxicillin-clavulanate-induced cholestatic liver injury, an uncommon cause of painless jaundice.
School choice and post hoc family preference in Spain: Do they match up?
Authors: Rogero-García Jesús , Andrés-Candelas Mario
Published: January 2020

The process of school choice depends on a wide range of circumstances including those related to the accessibility to schools and parental preferences. This paper has three goals: (1) Identify whether the preferences for the different kinds of schools (public, publicly-funded private, or private) vary according to the family’s traits; (2) estimate the degree of concurrence between the kind of school their children attend and the kind of school the parents prefer a posteriori; and (3) identify which social groups demonstrate lower levels of concurrence. We used a sub-sample of people with children registered in compulsory grades or post-compulsory grades up to university from representative national survey (2012). Results show that post hoc school preferences differ by educational level, economic status, religious orientation, and size of town. Likewise, we find divergences between the school parents prefer and the school their children attend, something that occurs more frequently among those with less economic resources.
FAYDACILIKTAN HAZCILIĞA: SÜRDÜRÜLEBİLİR GİYSİ TÜKETİM DAVRANIŞI
Authors: TÜRKDEMİR Pınar
Published: January 2020

Günümüz moda ve giysi tüketicileri satın alma kararlarını verirken, bir ürünün fiziksel ihtiyaçların karşılanmasını arayan faydacı yaklaşımdan daha çok duygusal ve psikolojik tatmin beklentisiyle hazcı yaklaşımdan etkilenmektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmada, kişilerin sürdürülebilir giysi tüketim davranışları ile hazcı ve faydacı tüketim değerleri arasındaki ilişkilerin şiddeti ve yönünün tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda hazırlanan ve Ankara'daki bir alışveriş merkezinde moda ve giysi alışverişi yapan kolayda örnekleme yönetimiyle seçilen 500 katılımcıya uygulanan soru formunda, Babin, Darden ve Griffin (1994) tarafından geliştirilen “Hazcı ve Faydacı Tüketim Değerleri Ölçeği” ile Balderjahn ve arkadaşları (2013) tarafından geliştirilen “Sürdürülebilir Tüketim Bilinci Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Hazcı ve Faydacı Tüketim Değerleri Ölçeğinin 2 faktörlü yapısı ve Sürdürülebilir Tüketim Bilinci Ölçeğinin de üç faktörlü yapıları doğrulanmıştır. Yapısal eşitlik modeliyle yapılan analizler sonucunda; hazcı değerler ile çevresel bilinç, sosyal bilinç ve ekonomik bilinç arasında anlamlı ve negatif yönlü ilişkilerin varlığı; faydacı değerler ile çevresel bilinç, sosyal bilinç ve ekonomik bilinç arasında ise anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü ilişkilerin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, hazcı ve faydacı değerlerin sürdürülebilir moda ve giysi tüketim davranışlarının sıklığını oldukça anlamlı bir şekilde açıkladığı görülmüştür. Sonuçta araştırma hipotezlerinin desteklendiği görülmüştür.
Velocity Components of Currents and Transport Mechanism in the Ie Meulee Waters, Weh Island, Indonesia
Authors: Wisha Ulung Jantama , Ilham Ilham
Published: January 2020

Weh Island has become an area of significance in which many developments are ongoing. Ie Meulee region was one of the developed areas where a new fishing port has been built which may impact to coastal instability. This study aims to determine the sea currents regime in the Ie Meulee waters and its relation to the transport mechanism. Field survey was conducted on March 2017 by which Tide Gauge and ADCP have installed within and without the port, respectively. Flow model was also simulated depicting current patterns for four extreme tidal conditions. The elliptical form of zonal and meridional components of current proves that the tidal current role takes place. The speed of tidal current ranged from 0-0.42 m/s and 0-0.85 m/s in the bottom and surface, respectively. The most prominent positive value of current components indicates that the transport mechanism is primarily surface ward during both ebb and flood tides. Reflection and diffraction are identified in the simulation testifying that the emergence of the fishing port has changed the hydrodynamic features. We also founded that the low-speed currents induced sediment settling within the jetty, so that it is essential to conduct regular dredging and bathymetry survey in the surrounding port.
Le rococo, une construction historiographique : introduction
Authors: Magnusson Carl
Published: January 2020

In Rococo historiography, the first half of the eighteenth century is generally described as the golden age par excellence of decoration. The so-called major arts are often considered to have played a lesser role in its artistic development. The period is thus systematically associated with artefacts produced by artisans, hence belonging to a less dignified category in the artistic hierarchy. In order to investigate the ideological background of this assumption, the article focuses on the debates on art which emerged, mainly in France, in the 1740s. These highly biased discourses, targeting the so-called bad taste of contemporary French painting and interior decoration, shaped a vision of the first half of the eighteenth century of which many aspects were later inherited by Rococo historiography, especially in its relation to decoration.
“A very civil idea …” Art History, Transculturation, and World-Making – With and Beyond the Nation
Authors: Juneja Monica
Published: January 2020

Must a global art history follow the logic of economic globalization or does it call for an alternative conception of critical globality to be able to effectively theorize relationships of connectivity that encompass disparities as well as contradictions? This article investigates the potential of transculturation as a method to address a number of the pressing questions faced by art history in the wake of the ‘global turn’. It begins by tracing the genealogies of approaches that sought to incorporate the ‘world’ within the scope of the discipline a century ago and queries the epistemic legacies of this historiographic move. By shifting the focus of enquiry beyond Euro-America, it looks for a way through which the practice of art history can translate the intellectual insights of non-European experiences into globally intelligible analyses.
Wirksame Kunst. Spektakel als kritische Form und soziale Praxis
Authors: Fritz Elisabeth
Published: January 2020

Whereas the spectacle is traditionally regarded in contrast to socio-political engagement, this contribution examines how recent activist art projects tend to challenge this opposition. Building on a historical and theoretical reconstruction of the actual tensions between concepts of social and aesthetic critique, the article proposes a more neutral, descriptive usage of the term ‘spectacle’ and analyzes the critical potential of spectacular strategies in contemporary art based on case studies (Alfredo Jaar, Center for Political Beauty, Yvon Chabrowski). In this context the creation of normatively ambivalent situations as well as a self-reflective move that scrutinizes the idea of political critique in art per se, are described as central characteristics of a critical approach.
Il cannocchiale in Arcadia Nuove proposte per le Osservazioni astronomiche di Donato Creti
Authors: Takahashi Kenichi
Published: January 2020

Donato Creti’s Astronomical Observations, eight Vatican paintings, were made for Pope Clement XI on the basis of a plan by his general, Luigi Ferdinando Marsili. At that time, Marsili had been asking the Pope for support to establish the Istituto delle Scienze in Bologna. Using newly discovered documents from 1711, this study reconstructs the early history of the series. The iconographic program of Astronomical Observations is attributed to Eustachio Manfredi, an astronomer and poet of the Accademia dell’Arcadia. This study analyzes the structures and functions of these paintings, thereby revealing their significance, especially compared to the representation of the telescope at the end of the Baroque era, and to the taste and ideology of the same academy to which Clement XI also belonged.
Strength and Conditioning for Competitive Rowers
Authors: Nugent Frank J. , Flanagan Eamonn P. , Wilson Fiona , Warrington Giles D.
Published: January 2020

Strength and conditioning (S&C) is an essential component of performance enhancement and injury reduction for competitive rowers. However, information regarding the practical application of appropriate S&C programming for competitive rowers is limited. The aim of this article is to provide an evidence-based needs analysis based on a review of the literature in the area of biomechanics, physiology, and injury epidemiology in the sport of rowing. Practical considerations and guidelines for the implementation of S&C programs for competitive rowers will be provided.
Environmental Light Is Required for Maintenance of Long-Term Memory inDrosophila
Authors: Inami Show , Sato Shoma , Kondo Shu , Tanimoto Hiromu , Kitamoto Toshihiro , Sakai Takaomi
Published: January 2020

Long-term memory (LTM) is stored as functional modifications of relevant neural circuits in the brain. A large body of evidence indicates that the initial establishment of such modifications through the process known as memory consolidation requires learning-dependent transcriptional activation andde novoprotein synthesis. However, it remains poorly understood how the consolidated memory is maintained for a long period in the brain, despite constant turnover of molecular substrates. Using theDrosophilacourtship conditioning assay of adult males as a memory paradigm, here, we show that inDrosophila, environmental light plays a critical role in LTM maintenance. LTM is impaired when flies are kept in constant darkness (DD) during the memory maintenance phase. Because light activates the brain neurons expressing the neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf), we examined the possible involvement of Pdf neurons in LTM maintenance. Temporal activation of Pdf neurons compensated for the DD-dependent LTM impairment, whereas temporal knockdown of Pdf during the memory maintenance phase impaired LTM in light/dark cycles. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is required in the memory center, namely, the mushroom bodies (MBs), for LTM maintenance, and Pdf signaling regulates light-dependent transcription via CREB. Our results demonstrate for the first time that universally available environmental light plays a critical role in LTM maintenance by activating the evolutionarily conserved memory modulator CREB in MBs via the Pdf signaling pathway.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTemporary memory can be consolidated into long-term memory (LTM) throughde novoprotein synthesis and functional modifications of neuronal circuits in the brain. Once established, LTM requires continual maintenance so that it is kept for an extended period against molecular turnover and cellular reorganization that may disrupt memory traces. How is LTM maintained mechanistically? Despite the critical importance of LTM maintenance, its molecular and cellular underpinnings remain elusive. This study usingDrosophilais significant because it revealed for the first time in any organism that universally available environmental light plays an essential role in LTM maintenance. Interestingly, light does so by activating the evolutionarily conserved transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein via peptidergic signaling.
СТРУКТУРНО-ДИНАМІЧНА ПАРАДИГМА БІОЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ЗАСАД ГІРСЬКОГО ЛІСІВНИЦТВА УКРАЇНСЬКИХ КАРПАТ
Authors: Чернявський Микола
Published: January 2020

В статті викладені структурно-динамічні складові біоекологічних засадгірського лісівництва та їх алгоритм-схема. Вони націлюють на зміну стратегічного значення лісових екосистем щодо переходу від ресурсного (передовсімспоживацького) до природозахисного.
ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКИХ БАНДУРИСТІВ У МІЖВОЄННІЙ ЧЕХОСЛОВАЧЧИНІ (20–30 рр. ХХ ст.) ЯК ПРООБРАЗ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИХ СОЦІОКУЛЬТУРНИХ ІНСТИТУЦІЙ
Authors: Дутчак Віолетта
Published: January 2020

У статті розглядаються засади і напрями культурно-мистецької працібандуристів-емігрантів міжвоєнних десятиліть у Чехословаччині. Відзначеномотивацію, історію заснування, членство, структурування, територіальну дислокацію, ідейну та естетичну платформу, перебіг та динаміку функціонуваннятовариства «Кобзар» у Празі і Подєбрадах. На архівних матеріалах проаналізовано статут, культурно-організаційну, навчальну, публіцистичну, нотновидавничу і концертну діяльність товариства. Окремо розглядається зміст документації організації, спрямований на національне музичне виховання. Підкреслено формування сольного та ансамблевого напрямів у бандурному мистецтвізарубіжжя. Напрями праці і творчі здобутки товариства «Кобзар» розглядаються у контексті загальної культурно-мистецької діяльності українськоїеміграції в Європі.Представлено характеристики організації в історичній динаміці. Статут,структура та функції товариства визначені як первинна форма, прообраз сучасних національних соціокультурних інституцій та музично-мистецьких навчальних форм.Підкреслено значення першого нотного видання для бандури «Наша пісня»(Прага, 1926 р.). Окремо визначено характер і зміст мистецької практики (організаційної, концертної, навчально-методичної, видавничої) Михайла Теліги, Василя Ємця, Модеста Левицького та ін. у справі популяризації бандурного мистецтва в зарубіжжі та пропаганди національної музичної культури.