bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability International Classification of Diseases-10 codes for all forms of injury: A systematic review
Authors: Paleczny Sarah , Osagie Nosakhare , Sethi Jai , Cusimano Michael D.
Published: February 2024

Background

Intentional and unintentional injuries are a leading cause of death and disability globally. International Classification of Diseases (ICD), Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes are used to classify injuries in administrative health data and are widely used for health care planning and delivery, research, and policy. However, a systematic review of their overall validity and reliability has not yet been done.

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of the validity and reliability of external cause injury ICD-10 codes.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE, COCHRANE, and SCOPUS were searched (inception to April 2023) for validity and/or reliability studies of ICD-10 external cause injury codes in all countries for all ages. We examined all available data for external cause injuries and injuries related to specific body regions. Validity was defined by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Reliability was defined by inter-rater reliability (IRR), measured by Krippendorff’s alpha, Cohen’s Kappa, and/or Fleiss’ kappa.

Results

Twenty-seven published studies from 2006 to 2023 were included. Across all injuries, the mean outcome values and ranges were sensitivity: 61.6% (35.5%-96.0%), specificity: 91.6% (85.8%-100%), PPV: 74.9% (58.6%-96.5%), NPV: 80.2% (44.6%-94.4%), Cohen’s kappa: 0.672 (0.480–0.928), Krippendorff’s alpha: 0.453, and Fleiss’ kappa: 0.630. Poisoning and hand and wrist injuries had higher mean sensitivity (84.4% and 96.0%, respectively), while self-harm and spinal cord injuries were lower (35.5% and 36.4%, respectively). Transport and pedestrian injuries and hand and wrist injuries had high PPVs (96.5% and 92.0%, respectively). Specificity and NPV were generally high, except for abuse (NPV 44.6%).

Conclusions and significance

The validity and reliability of ICD-10 external cause injury codes vary based on the injury types coded and the outcomes examined, and overall, they only perform moderately well. Future work, potentially utilizing artificial intelligence, may improve the validity and reliability of ICD codes used to document injuries.
Cognition and emotional distress in middle-aged and older adults with spina bifida myelomeningocele
Authors: Fagereng Elisabeth , Lidal Ingeborg Beate , Larsen Kerstin Lundberg , Løvstad Marianne , Rekand Tiina , Hauger Solveig Lægreid
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To investigate cognitive functioning and emotional distress in adults aged 55 to 68 years old with spina bifida myelomeningocele (SBM), both with and without hydrocephalus. A secondary aim was to explore the associations between psychosocial factors in relation to emotional distress.

Materials and methods

Cross-sectional study of eleven females and eight males with SBM, five with and twelve without hydrocephalus. Cognitive functioning was investigated with neuropsychological tests and self-report measures. Furthermore, participants completed questionnaires regarding resilience, access to social support, coping, and emotional distress. Descriptive statistics were applied, and Spearman Rho correlation coefficients were used to explore the relationships between psychosocial factors and emotional distress.

Results

Eleven exhibited normal cognitive functioning. An observed difference was seen between participants with and without hydrocephalus, where six and five persons reported clinical levels of depression and anxiety, respectively. Positive perceptions of self and future were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety.

Conclusion

This study adds important information about cognitive functioning and emotional distress in an understudied population. The results indicated normal cognitive functioning in adults aged 55 to 68 years with SBM without hydrocephalus. Prevalence of emotional distress was comparable with previous studies of younger adults with SBM. There is a need for longitudinal studies investigating cognition and psychological health to fully capture important aspects of the life course of SBM with and without hydrocephalus.
Effects of nano-cerium dioxide on intestinal microflora in rats by oral subchronic exposure
Authors: Ye Qianru , Jia Dantong , Ji Jun , Liu Yang , Wu Gang
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate intestinal toxicity in rats and the effects of Nano-cerium dioxide on intestinal flora in rats after oral sub-chronic exposure.

Method

Forty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group (deionized water) and three groups treated with different doses of Nano-ceria (e.g., 20 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg), with 10 rats in each group. The rats were given intragastric administrations (every other day) for 90 days. After the last intragastric administration, fresh fecal samples were collected by pressing the abdomen, and the animals were sacrificed. Jejunum, ileum and cecum tissues were retained for pathological analysis by Hematoxylin-eosin staining. The stool samples of rats were sequenced by the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform, and the sequencing results were further analyzed by QIIME2 software.

Results

The histopathology results show that compared with the control group, in the middle- and high-dose groups, epithelial tissue was shed, lamina propria glandular structures were damaged or disappeared, and large numbers of inflammatory cells were distributed in the mucosa. The intestinal flora results show that there were no significant differences in the α-/β-diversities in each Nano-ceria-treated group compared with the control group (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the intestinal pathogenic bacteria, Mucispirillum and Streptococcus increased significantly after Nano-cerium dioxide ingestion, while Weissella decreased. The abundances of Akkermansia in all Nano-ceria-treated groups were higher than those in the control group, but the abundances decreased with increasing dose. MetagenomesSeq analysis show that, compared with the control group, the abundances of S24-7, Lactobacillus and Clostridiales in all experimental groups significantly decreased.

Conclusions

The sub-chronic toxicity of Nano-cerium dioxide to rats can affect the structure and abundance of intestinal microflora, long-term exposure to high doses (>100 mg/kg) causes enteritis, but there was no significant difference in the diversity of gut microbiota. Therefore, we infer that the enteritis in rats may be associated with the relative ratios of the pathogenic bacteria and intestinal probiotics, and increased of the intestinal pathogenic bacteria can disrupted intestinal homeostasis.
Optimising barrier placement for intrusion detection and prevention in WSNs
Authors: Reddy C. Kishor Kumar , Kaza Vijaya Sindhoori , Anisha P. R. , Khubrani Mousa Mohammed , Shuaib Mohammed , Alam Shadab , Ahmad Sadaf
Published: February 2024

This research addresses the pressing challenge of intrusion detection and prevention in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), offering an innovative and comprehensive approach. The research leverages Support Vector Regression (SVR) models to predict the number of barriers necessary for effective intrusion detection and prevention while optimising their strategic placement. The paper employs the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm to enhance the precision of barrier placement and resource allocation. The integrated approach combines SVR predictive modelling with ACO-based optimisation, contributing to advancing adaptive security solutions for WSNs. Feature ranking highlights the critical influence of barrier count attributes, and regularisation techniques are applied to enhance model robustness. Importantly, the results reveal substantial percentage improvements in model accuracy metrics: a 4835.71% reduction in Mean Squared Error (MSE) for ACO-SVR1, an 862.08% improvement in Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for ACO-SVR1, and an 86.29% enhancement in R-squared (R2) for ACO-SVR1. ACO-SVR2 has a 2202.85% reduction in MSE, a 733.98% improvement in MAE, and a 54.03% enhancement in R-squared. These considerable improvements verify the method’s effectiveness in enhancing WSNs, ensuring reliability and resilience in critical infrastructure. The paper concludes with a performance comparison and emphasises the remarkable efficacy of regularisation. It also underscores the practicality of precise barrier count estimation and optimised barrier placement, enhancing the security and resilience of WSNs against potential threats.
Breast hypoplasia markers among women who report insufficient milk production: A retrospective online survey
Authors: Kam Renee L. , Amir Lisa H. , Cullinane Meabh , Ingram Jenny , Li Xia , Nommsen-Rivers Laurie A.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To estimate the proportions of anatomical breast characteristics suggestive of breast hypoplasia among breastfeeding women self-reporting low milk supply. We also explored breast hypoplasia risk factors.

Design

Online survey conducted between October 2021 and January 2022.

Setting

Five low milk supply Facebook groups.

Participants

487 women reporting low milk supply with their first child born ≥ 37 weeks gestation within 5 years of participation in this study, and residing in the USA, Australia or the UK. We present data on the primary outcome (‘breast type’) for 399 women. Women were excluded if the dyad was separated for more than 24 hours during the hospital stay, or if the mother reported removing milk less than 6 times per day from each breast on most days before being aware of having insufficient milk production.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The proportions of proposed breast hypoplasia markers including atypical breast type, widely spaced breasts, breast asymmetry, stretch marks on the breast and lack of pregnancy breast growth. We also estimated the odds of having breast hypoplasia markers in at-risk groups compared to reference groups, adjusting for covariates.

Results

Approximately 68% reported at least one atypical breast (270/399; 95% CI: 62.9%, 72.1%). Around 47% reported widely spaced breasts (212/449; 95% CI: 42.7%, 52.7%), 72% a lack of pregnancy breast growth (322/449; 95% CI: 68.3%, 77.4%), and 76% stretch marks on the breast (191/250; 95% CI: 70.7%, 81.3%). Multiple logistic regression analyses identified being overweight during pubertal years as a risk factor for atypical breast type and lack of pregnancy breast growth.

Conclusions

Participants in low milk supply Facebook groups reported high rates of breast hypoplasia markers. Being overweight during adolescence was a risk factor for breast hypoplasia markers. These findings should be confirmed in well-conducted large cohort studies to determine the strongest combination of hypoplasia markers in predicting low supply.
Slow Emergency Siren Ongoing: Accessing Handsworth Songs, Sarah Hayden (ed.) (2022)
Authors: Piqueras-Pérez María
Published: February 2024

Review of: Slow Emergency Siren Ongoing: Accessing Handsworth Songs, Sarah Hayden (ed.) (2022)

London: LUX, 176 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-99288-407-9, p/bk, £20.00
Understanding the long-lasting associations among humans, neglected dogs, tick-borne diseases, and core blood bacteria-related pathogenic taxa using next-generation sequencing
Authors: Barraza-Guerrero S. I. , García-De la Peña C. , Meza-Herrera C. A. , Siller-Rodríguez Q. K. , Vaca-Paniagua F. , Díaz-Velásquez C. , Cruz-Montoya A. De la , Valenzuela-Núñez L. M.
Published: February 2024

Background and Aim: Dogs are long-lasting companion animals, and ticks are the most common external parasites in dogs. An increase in the population of neglected domestic dogs has increased the risk of contact with ticks, especially in places where tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are endemic. We aimed to characterize the bacterial blood profiles of people who were either exposed (HE) or not exposed (HC) to tick bites using next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Materials and Methods: In the present study, the bacteria observed in the blood of people exposed to tick bites were compared with those in the blood of people not exposed to tick bites in Northern Mexico. Human blood samples (n = 12) were analyzed, DNA was extracted, and the V3–V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was amplified. In addition, NGS was performed on a MiSeq platform (Illumina), and the data were analyzed through Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology.

Results: Differences in beta diversity were significant. In HEs, several potentially pathogenic bacterial taxa were found to be the most abundant: Kocuria ( x = 14.59%), Staphylococcus ( x = 3.05%), and Treponema ( x = 2.93%), in addition to Chlamydia, Clostridium, and Ehrlichia, which are considered TBDs.

Conclusion: This study identified important differences in the bacterial composition of the HE and HC groups. In addition to Ehrlichia (a TBD considered a taxon), other bacterial pathogenic taxa, such as Chlamydia, Clostridium, Kocuria, Staphylococcus, and Treponema, were also observed in the tick bite-exposed group. Future studies with larger sample sizes should provide an improved understanding of the human blood microbiome profile by providing additional evidence of tick exposure, associated TBDs, and other pathogenic bacterial taxa.

Keywords: Blood, Ehrlichia, microbiome, tick bites, tick-borne diseases, ticks.
Cidades em guerra
Authors: Apoena Mano  , Lucio Monteiro Giovanna
Published: February 2024

Resenha do livro: KALDOR, Mary; SASSEN, Saskia. Cities at War: Global Insecurity and Urban Resistance. New York: Columbia University Press, 2020.
Adenomas and Sessile Serrated Lesions in 45- to 49-Year-Old Individuals Undergoing Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Abdallah Mohamed , Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Abdalla Abubaker O. , Jaber Fouad , Baliss Michelle , Ahmed Khalid , Eckmann Jason , Bilal Mohammad , Shaukat Aasma
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is now recommended at the age of 45 years in the United States. However, information regarding the adenomas detection rate (ADR) and sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) in 45- to 49-year-old individuals is limited. In addition, the impact of lowering the screening age to 45 years on the ADR and the detection rate of SSLs is not well elucidated. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to report the overall ADR and SSL detection rate in 45- to 49-year-old individuals undergoing colonoscopy.

METHODS:

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the Cochrane database from inception through October 2022 to identify studies reporting on ADR and SSL detection rates in 45- to 49-year-old individuals undergoing colonoscopies for all indications. This approach acknowledges the possibility of including individuals undergoing diagnostic colonoscopies or those with increased risk factors for CRC. We also conducted a separate analysis examining ADR in average-risk individuals undergoing screening colonoscopy. The pooled rates with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated using the fixed-effects model. I
2 was used to adjudicate heterogeneity.

RESULTS:

Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective except one; 3 had data from national/local registries. There were 41,709 adenomas detected across 150,436 colonoscopies. The pooled overall ADR was 23.1% (95% CI 19.7%–27.0%, I
2 = 98.6%). The pooled ADR in individuals with average risk of CRC from 7 studies was 28.2% (95% CI 24.6%–32.0%, I
2 = 96.5%). The pooled overall SSL detection rate from 6 studies was 6.3% (95% CI 3.8%–10.5%, I
2 = 97%). The included studies were heterogeneous because of differences in the inclusion and exclusion criteria and patient population.

DISCUSSION:

In 45- to 49-year-old individuals undergoing a colonoscopy for any indication, the ADR and SSL detection rates were 23.1% and 6.3%, respectively. We conclude that these outcomes in 45- to 49-year-olds are comparable with individuals aged 50–54 years.
Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided vs Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography–Guided Biliary Drainage as Primary Approach to Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Gopakumar Harishankar , Singh Ritu Raj , Revanur Vakya , Kandula Rajanikanth , Puli Srinivas R.
Published: February 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Endoscopic ultrasound–guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is an alternative to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-guided transpapillary drainage in malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO). This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to compare the outcomes of these 2 approaches.

METHODS:

Electronic databases from January 2005 through December 2023 were searched for RCTs comparing outcomes of EUS-BD and ERCP for treating MDBO. Pooled proportions, risk ratio (RR), and odds ratio were calculated using random-effects models.

RESULTS:

Five RCTs comprising 519 patients were included in the final analysis. The pooled RR for overall technical success with EUS-BD compared with ERCP was 1.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.96–1.16, P = 0.246, I

2
= 61%) and for clinical success was 0.99 (95% CI = 0.95–1.04, P = 0.850, I

2
= 0%). The pooled rate of procedure-related pancreatitis was 7.20% (95% CI = 3.60–13.80, I

2
= 34%) in the ERCP group compared with zero in the EUS-BD group. The pooled RR for stent dysfunction with EUS-BD compared with ERCP was 0.48 (95% CI = 0.28–0.83, P = 0.008, I

2
= 7%). The weighted mean procedure time was 13.43 (SD = 10.12) minutes for EUS-BD compared with 21.06 (SD = 6.64) minutes for ERCP. The mean stent patency was 194.11 (SD = 52.12) days in the EUS-BD group and 187 (SD = 60.70) days in the ERCP group.

DISCUSSION:

EUS-BD is an efficient and safe alternative to ERCP in MDBO. An almost nonexistent risk of procedure-related pancreatitis, lower procedure time, and ease of use make this an attractive primary approach to biliary decompression in centers with expertise.
Fixed ratio combinations GLP-1RA and basal insulin: literature review
Authors: Kurkin D. V. , Bakulin D. A. , Morkovin E. I. , Strygin A. V. , Gorbunova Ju. V. , Volotova E. V. , Robertus A. I. , Makarenko I. E. , Saparova V. B. , Drai R. V. , Petrov V. I.
Published: February 2024

The progressive nature of type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the need for insulin therapy in a significant proportion of patients. Very often start of insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with weight gain and a significant increase of hypoglycemia’s risk. However, innovative options, such as fixed ratio combinations of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and basal insulin, minimize weight gain and hypoglycemia risks and allow a greater proportion of patients to achieve individual glycemic control goals without compromising safety parameters. This review includes a description of the randomized clinical trials, as well as the results of real clinical practice of the use of two currently existing fixed ration combinations of GLP-1RA and basal insulin — iDegLira and iGlarLixi.
Künstliche Intelligenz im Film
Authors: Hammele Nadine
Published: February 2024

Künstliche Intelligenz ist ein bedeutendes Thema in der Öffentlichkeit und wird zunehmend Teil unseres Alltags - und unserer Narrative. In Filmen, die realitätsnahe Zukunftsentwürfe auf der Erde zeigen, nimmt sie seit 1970 verschiedene Rollen ein. Anhand einer Analyse der narrativen Struktur von 70 Science-Fiction-Filmen, die zwischen 1970 und 2020 veröffentlicht wurden, leitet Nadine Hammele drei Metanarrative ab. Die Filme setzen sich mit Fragen nach Kontrolle, Emanzipation, dem Gelingen von Beziehungen sowie dem Menschsein auseinander. Des Weiteren beschreibt sie Veränderungen der gesellschaftlichen Themen, Erzählweisen und Figurencharakterisierungen von künstlicher Intelligenz. Dabei wird deutlich: Der gesellschaftliche Hype um künstliche Intelligenz, der in den 2010er Jahren aufkam, hat filmische Geschichten auf vielfältige Weise beeinflusst.
Virtual Exchange as a Mechanism for Digital Education
Authors: Tahboub Rawan
Published: February 2024

Virtual exchange (VE), a pedagogical approach towards intercultural dialogue among young people supported by technology, has been prominent over the past two to three decades. In this chapter, I offer a general introduction to the different types of Virtual Exchange and focus on a particular approach provided by the Sharing Perspectives Foundation (SPF). The logic and theoretical foundation on which the SPF programmes and courses are built are presented and the efficacy of using Virtual Exchange as a tool to prepare the ground for the seeds of social inclusion and civic engagement are debated, while various virtual exchange programmes offered by the SPF and its partners are also discussed. This chapter combines scientific research with years of practice to offer a holistic view of the application of Virtual Exchange in peace education. I dwell on my own ten years of experience in the field of VE, wearing the various hats of participant, facilitator, coach and mentor, trainer, programme officer and partnership coordinator at the Sharing Perspectives Foundation (SPF), as well as a lecturer at Hebron University in Palestine.
Die Beschleunigung der Schrift
Authors: Wagner Wolf-Rüdiger
Published: February 2024

Eisenbahn und Telegrafie stehen im 19. Jahrhundert für die Beschleunigung und Ausweitung gesellschaftlicher Beziehungen. Wie Wolf-Rüdiger Wagner zeigt, entsprach die im deutschsprachigen Raum übliche Kurrentschrift nicht mehr den Anforderungen an schriftliche Kommunikation. Als »Beschleunigungsmittel des Gedankenverkehrs« bot sich die Stenografie an. Ihre Nutzung als Verkehrsschrift setzte jedoch eine Einheitskurzschrift voraus. Zu deren Einführung kam es aber erst 1924 nach langwierigen Verhandlungen auf Druck der Reichsregierung. Anhand von Presseberichten und Archivtexten bietet der Band einen Einblick in die vielschichtigen Beziehungen zwischen gesellschaftlichen, technischen und kulturellen Entwicklungen sowie den Veränderungen im Bereich der Kommunikation.
Scale of material development literacy perception for teachers
Authors: Türközü Toygun , Dinçer Serkan
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study is to develop a measurement tool designed for evaluating teachers' perceptions of their proficiency in material development literacy. This tool aims to provide a structured and effective means of evaluating educators' competencies and understanding in the domain of creating educational materials. The development of such a measurement tool is crucial for obtaining accurate insights into teachers' perceptions, facilitating research on material development literacy, and guiding future interventions or training programs in the educational context. In the research, despite the participation of 1157 teachers, forms with missing data were excluded from the study. The data of 406 teachers were utilized for Explanatory Factor Analysis, and the data of 360 teachers were employed for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. The analyses resulted in a 23-item Likert-type measurement tool comprising four factors: Self-Adequacy, Desire, Material Use, and Process Skill. Additionally, three open-ended questions were included to gather qualitative data, independent of the scale. The measurement tool, explaining 66.18% of the total variance, demonstrates a high level of internal consistency with a Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient of .91. In conclusion, based on the obtained values, it is affirmed that this measurement tool can be effectively utilized to assess the material literacy perception levels of teachers.
Vázanost správce daně rozhodnutím v trestní věci
Authors: Martiník Pavel
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is to answer the question whether the tax administrator is bound by selected procedural decisions issued by the law enforcement authority, which allow obtaining evidence in a specific way, and whether the tax administrator can use such obtained evidence in the tax administration on the basis of these decisions. As a result, the article concludes that, given the specific nature of such procedures conducted by enforcement authority and the seriousness of the interference with the rights of the person concerned, such use by the tax administrator is not possible.
Správa poplatků, na které nedopadá daňový řád
Authors: Solak Damir
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyse some of the different types of fees known in the Czech legal system. In the introduction, the author briefly defines the term fee and the different types of fees. Subsequently, the author will deal with several examples of fees that are not covered by the Tax Code. The nature of these fees, the advantages, and disadvantages of the impact of other legislation and the consequences of their possible classification under the Tax Code will be characterised. In particular, the author will discuss fees under the Higher Education Act and radio and television fees. Finally, the author will assess possible recommendations for changes to the legislation.
Invisibilizing Responsibility: The Holocaust Museums of Slovakia and Hungary
Authors: Klacsmann Borbála
Published: February 2024

Facing and coming to terms with the past in post-Holocaust Europe has not only been a moral imperative but also a challenge in scientific, political and social senses. This process was delayed significantly in socialist countries. A part of the development of a post-socialist commemorative structure was the establishment of Holocaust museums which not only serve as a memento of the past but also provide an institutional framework for memorialization, research and education about the Holocaust. However, nationalist political forces jeopardize this process by attempting to whitewash the past in order to preserve a positive picture of the nation. In this paper, I compare the permanent exhibitions of three museums from Slovakia and Hungary in order to illuminate how this struggle influences their exhibition narratives and activities. After examining the narrative strategies of the exhibitions and conducting interviews with museum personnel of the Holocaust Memorial Center (Budapest), the House of Jewish Excellencies (Balatonfüred) and the Sereď Holocaust Museum, it can be inferred that especially the way collaboration, perpetration, and in general, the role of the local non-Jewish population is depicted (or obscured), is inextricably intertwined with political agendas.
Student perceived effectiveness of task-based instructional design of data-driven synonym learning featuring “mini-lecture”
Authors: Yang Yingying , Chen Lin , Tian Xumin
Published: February 2024

This study evaluates student perceived effectiveness of a guided inductive approach for synonym learning through a 36-week, two-round data-driven learning (DDL) and task-based instruction design. Presented as a student-centered “mini-lecture” task, it integrates pre-task training, during-task guidance, and post-task feedback. Data were collected from 23 business English university students via questionnaires and interviews. Results show that learners generally held consistent positive attitudes toward this long-term data-driven learning. Enhanced instruction in the second round underscored the importance of scaffolding, reducing learners’ anxiety, and promoting cognitive development. Task complexity and language proficiency seemed unrelated to learner perceptions. Although task motivations influenced learners’ perceptions, learners with lower motivation were not overwhelmed by technical difficulties involved in DDL, supporting the effectiveness of the long-term practice in improving learners’ corpus query skills. Learners often used their native language to explain key concepts in the “mini-lecture” presentation. The results suggest the task-based “mini-lecture” design is effective and that guided inductive DDL is a promising alternative in language pedagogy. Based on the findings, a task-based data-driven synonym learning model is proposed.
From click to calories: Navigating the impact of food delivery apps on obesity
Authors: Willie Michael Mncedisi , Maqbool Mudasir , Qadir Afshana
Published: February 2024

The rise of food delivery apps has ushered in a new era in the way we consume meals, bringing both unprecedented convenience and concerns about their impact on obesity. These digital platforms, exemplified by industry giants like Uber Eats and DoorDash, have transformed the dining experience from a trip to the kitchen to a simple click on our smartphones. While the seamless accessibility to a diverse range of culinary options is undoubtedly a game-changer, it comes with a flip side. The ease of ordering restaurant-quality meals, fast food, or groceries through these apps may contribute to less health-conscious dietary choices. The convenience factor might inadvertently lead to an overreliance on high-calorie and less nutritious options, potentially exacerbating the obesity epidemic. As we navigate this digital culinary landscape, it becomes imperative to understand and address the implications of this technological shift on public health. Research and awareness campaigns are vital to comprehending the nuanced relationship between food delivery apps and obesity, ensuring that the ease of a click does not translate into a surge in calories. Balancing the advantages of convenience with the potential risks to our health is paramount as we strive for a harmonious coexistence with these technological innovations.
Was die Teilhabe am Arbeitsmarkt fördert. Die unsichtbaren Faktoren
Authors: Skarabis Noemi , Preissner Lisa , Faller Gudrun , Walter-Klose Christian , Baumgart Verena
Published: February 2024

Das Projekt IGel-A beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Bedingungen die Inklusion von Menschen mit psychischen, kognitiven oder neurologischen Beeinträchtigungen auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt fördern oder hemmen, und welche Anforderungen vor diesem Hintergrund an Ansätze und Strategien für die Inklusionsberatung zu stellen sind. Auszüge einer systematischen Literaturrecherche zeigen auf, wie informelle Einflussfaktoren die Inklusion fördern können.
Auswirkungen von Diskriminierung auf die physische und psychische Gesundheit
Authors: Lutterbach Sebastian , Beelmann Andreas
Published: February 2024

Der Beitrag fokussiert den Einfluss von Erfahrungen mit ethnischer Diskriminierung auf die psychische und physische Gesundheit. Es werden zentrale Befunde zu den Auswirkungen von ethnischer Diskriminierung auf verschiedene Gesundheitsindikatoren dargestellt. Anschließend werden Ansätze und Möglichkeiten zur Prävention von Diskriminierung und zur Förderung von Toleranz aufgezeigt.
Mediengestaltung und Diversity aus sozialpsychologischer Perspektive
Authors: Förster Jens , Nußbaum Manfred
Published: February 2024

Forschung zeigt, dass Vorurteile Mitglieder stigmatisierter Gruppen krank machen können. Medienschaffende können versuchen, Publikationen diversity-sensibel zu gestalten. Dem stehen allerdings unbewusste Stereotypisierungsprozesse entgegen: Manchmal diskriminieren Menschen, ohne es zu wollen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden vorliegend Empfehlungen gegeben.
Berufliche Teilhabe schwerbehinderter Frauen in Westfalen-Lippe
Authors: Reinersmann Annika
Published: February 2024

Die berufliche Teilhabe von Leistungsnehmer:innen, die Leistungen des SGB IX beziehen, ist bisher weitestgehend ungeklärt. Um mögliche Diskriminierungspraktiken für die besonders vulnerable Gruppe, Frauen mit Behinderung, auszuschließen, wurde im LWL-Inklusionsamt Arbeit des Landschaftsverbands Westfalen-Lippe die Datenlage aufgearbeitet. Hieraus lassen sich erfreulicherweise keine Belege für eine Schlechterstellung der Leistungsnehmerinnen ableiten. Doch der weitere Datenaufbau ist geboten.
Stadtentwicklung unter den Prämissen von Gesundheit und Vielfalt
Authors: Köckler Heike , Brüggemann Julia , Walter-Klose Christian
Published: February 2024

Stadtentwicklung kann mit vielfältigen Instrumenten die natürliche und gebaute Umwelt als Gesundheitsdeterminanten gestalten. Partizipation von Öffentlichkeit spielt in jedem Verfahren eine zentrale Rolle. Dennoch gelingt es in den bestehenden Strukturen nicht allen Gruppen einer diversen Stadtgesellschaft in gleichem Maße eine wirkungsvolle Beteiligung zu ermöglichen. Dies ist eine Ursache für soziale Ungleichheit bei Gesundheit.
Sexuelle Gesundheit von Personen mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland
Authors: Wiessner Christian , Pietras Laura , Cerwenka Susanne , Briken Peer
Published: February 2024

Personen mit Migrationshintergrund (PmM) haben ein erhöhtes Risiko, an sexuell übertragbaren Infektionen zu erkranken. Präventionsangebote wie die HPV-Impfung und das Chlamydien-Screening werden von PmM seltener in Anspruch genommen als von Nicht-Migranten. Zentrale Barrieren im Kontext sexueller Gesundheit sind Sprachprobleme und das Gefühl von Scham. Es sollten daher Anstrengungen unternommen werden, um diese Barrieren abzubauen und PmM den Zugang zu Gesundheitsleistungen zu erleichtern.
Diversität im Hochschulkontext – und das Desiderat eines diskriminierungskritischen Gesundheitsverständnisses
Authors: Satilmis Ayla
Published: February 2024

Im Bildungsbereich steht „Vielfalt“ seit einem halben Jahrhundert auf der Agenda. In den Hochschuldiskurs hat der Topos jedoch erst deutlich später Eingang gefunden. In diesem Beitrag geht es darum, das prädominante Diversitätsverständnis im Hochschulbereich nachzuzeichnen sowie Fallstricke mit Bezug auf Gesundheit zu skizzieren. Es wird eine intersektionale Perspektive vorgeschlagen, die Diversität im Kontext von Antidiskriminierung betrachtet und gesundheitliche Ungleichheiten vor dem Hintergrund von Diskriminierungsverhältnissen beleuchtet.
Gesundheitliche Ungleichheit und Bildungserfolg
Authors: Tuppat Julia
Published: February 2024

Der Beitrag beleuchtet die Relevanz gesundheitlicher Ungleichheit im Schulalter für den Bildungserwerb und intergenerationale soziale Mobilität. Es wird ein Überblick über Theorien und empirische Befunde zu der Annahme gegeben, dass Gesundheit eine bildungsrelevante Ressource darstellt. Aus Public Health Sicht dürfte die empirische Bestätigung der Relevanz von Gesundheit für Bildungsergebnisse dabei helfen, Schulen für die Teilnahme an gesundheitsfördernden Maßnahmen zu gewinnen.
Der Schutz vor Konversionsbehandlungen in der BZgA-Initiative LIEBESLEBEN
Authors: Breuer Johannes
Published: February 2024

Gesundheitsförderung muss queere Vielfalt berücksichtigen, um bestehende Gesundheitsrisiken abzubauen. Dazu dient der Schutz vor Konversionsbehandlungen als Beispiel, anhand dessen sich trotz gesetzlichen Verbots verschiedene Herausforderungen zeigen. Diese betreffen insbesondere die Unbekanntheit des Phänomens und die queerfeindliche Verwurzelung dieser Pseudotherapien. Mit LIEBESLEBEN, einer Initiative der BZgA, wird diesen Herausforderungen auf unterschiedliche Weise begegnet.
Kriterien für eine Public Health-Intervention – Ergebnisse eines Delphi-Prozesses
Authors: Niederberger Marlen , Dieudonné Jessica , Jantzen Lisa , Sanwald Michelle , Trompke Michaela
Published: February 2024

In einer Delphi-Studie wurden Expert*innen aus Wissenschaft und Praxis gebeten, sechs Kriterien für die Definition einer Public Health-Intervention (PHI) zu bewerten und zu konsentieren. Als relevant erweisen sich die Intention der Intervention, mögliche Interessenskonflikte von Initiator*innen der Intervention, ob es sich um eine Primär- versus Sekundär-/Tertiärprävention handelt und die Reichweite der Intervention. Im Dissens bleiben die Kriterien zur Relevanz der Kosten und Zielgenauigkeit der Intervention.
AB’de Sınır Aşan Kriz Yönetiminde AB Ajanslarının Rolü
Authors: SOLAK TUYGUN Feza
Published: February 2024

Sınır aşan krizler, acil eylem gerektiren, coğrafi, politik, ekonomik, sosyal ve yasal sınırları aşan krizler olarak farklı şekillerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada AB’de, sınır aşan krizlerin yönetiminde AB ajanslarının rolü araştırılmış; AB ajanslarının bu tür krizlerin yönetiminde ne kadar etkin olabildikleri sorusuna cevap aranmıştır. Bu amaçla AB’de yaşanan gıda krizleri, bulaşıcı hastalıklar krizi, deniz kazaları krizi, terör krizi, göçmen krizi, sınır krizi, siber güvenlik krizi, bankacılık krizi ve iklim krizi incelenmiştir. Bu krizlerin yönetilmesinde AB ajanslarından Avrupa Gıda Güvenliği Otoritesi (EFSA), Avrupa Hastalık Önleme ve Kontrol Merkezi (ECDC), Avrupa Tıbbi Ürünleri Değerlendirme Ajansı (EMEA), Avrupa Deniz Güvenliği Ajansı (EMSA), Avrupa Polis Ofisi (Europol), Avrupa Dış Sınırlarda Operasyonel İşbirliği Yönetimi Ajansı (Frontex), Avrupa İltica Destek Ofisi (EASO), Avrupa Ağ ve Bilgi Güvenliği Ajansı (ENISA), Avrupa Bankacılık Otoritesi (EBA) ve Avrupa Çevre Ajansı (EEA)’nın rolü değerlendirilmiştir. Doküman analizi yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada, ajansların etkinliklerinin belli kısıtlılıklara göre şekillendiği, AB kriz yönetiminin daha entegre bir yaklaşımla kurumsallaştırılması gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
HANE HALKININ KONUT SAHİPLİĞİNDE YAKINSAMA: 26 ALT BÖLGE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ÖNDER Kübra , AKANSEL İlkben
Published: February 2024

İnsanoğlunun yeryüzünde yaşamaya başlamasıyla barınma ihtiyacı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bireyler barınma ihtiyacını konut satın alarak ya da konut kiralayarak gidermiştir. Barınma ihtiyacı ister satın alma isterse kiralama yöntemi ile karşılansın sonuçta bireylerin aylık gelirlerinin önemli bir payı konut ve kira giderine ayrılmaktadır. Nitekim, tüketim harcaması içinde en büyük pay konut ve kira harcamasına aittir. Konut ve kira tüketim harcama grubuna ait harcama eğilimi çoğunlukla hane halkının konut satınalma tercihinden kaynaklanmaktadır. Hane halkının konut satın alma tercihinde; yaşanan kira artış oranları, pandemi ve pandemi sonrası süreçte ortaya çıkan konut türü tercihi, konutun güvenli yatırım aracı olarak görülmesi ve Türkiye’de yaşanan deprem felaketine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan güvenli konut talebidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 26 alt bölge düzeyinde Türkiye’de konut sahipliğinde bir yakınsamanın olup olmadığını analiz etmektir. Analizde sistem GMM tahmin tekniği kullanılmış olup, analiz kısıtlı ve kısıtsız olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Kısıtlı modelde; kişi başı gelir ile hanedeki ortalama birey sayısı gibi bağımsız değişkenlerden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan kısıtlı ve kısıtsız model tahmin sonuçlarının iktisat teorisi ile uyumluluk gösterdiği dolayısıyla bölgeler arasında bir yakınsamanın var olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Representation of Natural Contours by a Neural Population in Monkey V4
Authors: Machida Itsuki , Shishikura Motofumi , Yamane Yukako , Sakai Ko
Published: February 2024

The cortical visual area, V4, has been considered to code contours that contribute to the intermediate-level representation of objects. The neural responses to the complex contour features intrinsic to natural contours are expected to clarify the essence of the representation. To approach the cortical coding of natural contours, we investigated the simultaneous coding of multiple contour features in monkey (Macaca fuscata) V4 neurons and their population-level representation. A substantial number of neurons showed significant tuning for two or more features such as curvature and closure, indicating that a substantial number of V4 neurons simultaneously code multiple contour features. A large portion of the neurons responded vigorously to acutely curved contours that surrounded the center of classical receptive field, suggesting that V4 neurons tend to code prominent features of object contours. The analysis of mutual information (MI) between the neural responses and each contour feature showed that most neurons exhibited similar magnitudes for each type of MI, indicating that many neurons showing the responses depended on multiple contour features. We next examined the population-level representation by using multidimensional scaling analysis. The neural preferences to the multiple contour features and that to natural stimuli compared with silhouette stimuli increased along with the primary and secondary axes, respectively, indicating the contribution of the multiple contour features and surface textures in the population responses. Our analyses suggested that V4 neurons simultaneously code multiple contour features in natural images and represent contour and surface properties in population.
Single-cell analysis of Rohon-Beard neurons implicates Fgf signaling in axon maintenance and cell survival
Authors: Tuttle Adam M. , Miller Lauren N. , Royer Lindsey J. , Wen Hua , Kelly Jimmy J. , Calistri Nicholas L. , Heiser Laura M. , Nechiporuk Alex V.
Published: February 2024

Peripheral sensory neurons are a critical part of the nervous system that transmit a multitude of sensory stimuli to the central nervous system. During larval and juvenile stages in zebrafish, this function is mediated by Rohon-Beard somatosensory neurons (RBs). RBs are optically accessible and amenable to experimental manipulation, making them a powerful system for mechanistic investigation of sensory neurons. Previous studies provided evidence that RBs fall into multiple subclasses; however, the number and molecular make up of these potential RB subtypes have not been well defined. Using a single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) approach, we demonstrate that larval RBs in zebrafish of unknown sex fall into three, largely non-overlapping classes of neurons. We also show that RBs are molecularly distinct from trigeminal neurons in zebrafish. Cross-species transcriptional analysis indicates that one RB subclass is similar to a mammalian group of A-fiber sensory neurons. Another RB subclass is predicted to sense multiple modalities, including mechanical stimulation and chemical irritants. We leveraged our scRNA-seq data to determine that the fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) pathway is active in RBs. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of this pathway led to defects in axon maintenance and RB cell death. Moreover, this can be phenocopied by treatment with dovitinib, an FDA-approved Fgf inhibitor with a common side effect of peripheral neuropathy. Importantly, dovitinib-mediated axon loss can be suppressed by loss of Sarm1, a positive regulator of neuronal cell death and axonal injury. This offers a molecular target for future clinical intervention to fight neurotoxic effects of this drug.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTElucidating the signaling pathways and cellular mechanisms that regulate sensory neuron health and maintenance is critical for understanding neuropathy etiologies and exploring therapies. Rohon-Beard (RB) sensory neurons are an accessible in vivo model to explore neurobiological mechanisms of such neuropathies. However, the number and nature of Rohon-Beard subpopulations have not been fully explored. We demonstrate that there are three subpopulations of RBs with unique transcriptional profiles. Furthermore, we find Fgf signaling has a novel role in survival and axonal maintenance of RBs. Our work finds a new molecular pathway for the maintenance of sensory axons and provides the first transcriptionally-based classification of RB neurons. It also sets the stage to explore how Fgf signaling may be involved in peripheral neuropathies.
Tools that Eliminate Gender Differences in the Academic Self-Concept
Authors: González-Benítez Natalia , Palomino Javier , del Carmen Molina Maria
Published: February 2024

Despite critical thinking supporting a deeper understanding of the scientific process, university activities prioritize lower cognitive processes, such as remembering skills. Also, it is unclear whether gender biases in interest toward science exist in university science degrees. These hinder students from achieving their goals effectively since students’ test scores and motivation improve with project-based learning. The main goal of this study is to examine the influence of active methodology based on research project-based learning (RPBL) on students’ overall perception and its variation across gender groups in relation to the acquisition of higher-order cognitive skills. The RPBL activity will consist of a straightforward microbial ecology project in which the students will use conventional and affordable lab equipment. The project will address all higher-order thinking skills levels included in Bloom’s taxonomy. We evaluated students’ perception of their learning outcomes on lab and cognitive skills, including the effect of gender, using two online surveys we passed before and after the RPBL activity. The results displayed that the students’ opinion regarding the project was decidedly favorable. Most of the students view the potential effort required for these activities positively, as it pertains to the subject matter and enhances their learning. However, the gender differences that were observed prior to the project’s implementation disappeared once the activity was carried out. Female students lacked confidence in their statistical skills while they had high confidence in their laboratory skills compared to male students. After attending our RPBL activity, female students gained confidence in statistics, and male students gained confidence in laboratory skills. This project reveals that a straightforward and affordable RPBL activity, which would not suppose a substantial additional workload for university lecturers, holds the potential to serve as a valuable tool to eliminate gender segregation, enhancing students’ academic self-concept, and improving their prospects for success. Additionally, it emphasizes higher cognitive skills, particularly the critical thinking skills that are essential within the university environment.
La perspectiva china del orden liberal internacional: ¿nuevo orden mundial?
Authors: Melero Escamilla Cristina
Published: February 2024

El futuro del orden liberal internacional se encuentra en un estado de profunda transformación, impulsado en gran parte por el ascenso de China como una potencia económica y política de primera categoría. Durante décadas, el orden liberal internacional ha sido el paradigma predominante en la política global, promoviendo valores como la democracia, los derechos humanos y el libre comercio, liderado en gran parte por las naciones occidentales, especialmente los Estados Unidos. Sin embargo, China ha surgido como un actor clave en el escenario mundial, planteando preguntas fundamentales sobre el rumbo que tomará el sistema global en los años venideros. El objetivo de esta investigación no es solo analizar la postura que China tiene frente al orden liberal internacional, sino también estudiar el modelo alternativo de orden mundial que China está proponiendo, y cómo éste difiere del orden actual. Para ello, se ha procedido a seguir un enfoque teórico-metodológico multidimensional. Se inicia con una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura académica sobre la crisis del orden liberal y la postura china al respecto. Para ello se incorporan datos económicos, demográficos y políticos relevantes para comprender la evolución a lo largo de la última década de las dinámicas de poder global. Dada su importancia geopolítica, este trabajo analiza específicamente la posición china en la invasión de Ucrania, ya que la misma revela las pretensiones que China tiene con respecto al orden mundial. El estudio se centra en el marco teórico de la teoría liberal de la cual surge el Liberalismo Internacional, así como también se nutre de teorías realistas y constructivistas de Relaciones Internacionales. También parte de los principios promulgados por la teoría de la hegemonía y su relación con la evolución de órdenes internacionales junto con la teoría de la gobernanza global y su relación con desafíos actuales y futuros con el propósito de brindar una comprensión amplia de la dinámica y cambios en el orden internacional.