bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated carbon prepared from Canadian oil sands coke by CO2 activation: I. Trends in pore development and the effect of pre‐oxidation
Authors: Karimi Arash , Thinon Olivier , Fournier Joseph , Hill Josephine M.
Published: January 2013

Oil sands coke is a byproduct of oil sands upgrading, which potentially can be used for the production of low cost activated carbons. Activation of oil sands delayed coke was performed by partial CO2‐gasification in a tubular fixed bed reactor at 900°C. Pore development during activation initially proceeded almost exclusively by micro‐pore formation, and the reaction appeared to follow a shrinking core model. Surface areas up to 646 m2/g were obtained, and coarser particles reached lower maximum surface areas at lower levels of burn‐off than finer particles. Pre‐oxidation in air at 270°C resulted in higher maximum surface areas.
Colloidal interaction and connectionist modelling of protein osmotic pressure and the effect of physicochemical properties
Authors: Rajabzadeh Amin Reza , Zendehboudi Sohrab , Lohi Ali , Elkamel Ali
Published: January 2013

A proper knowledge of the osmotic pressure and thermodynamic behaviour of protein solutions is vital for designing an efficient protein separation process. It is also of great importance to develop a rapid and inexpensive technique to accurately estimate the protein osmotic pressure. A connectionist model to estimate the osmotic pressure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in terms of pH, ionic strength and BSA concentration is proposed in this paper. Osmotic pressure of BSA is also modelled through the application of a colloidal interaction approach. Molecular interaction forces such as electrostatic, London–van der Waals and hydration along with entropy pressure are considered in the colloidal model to predict the BSA osmotic pressure. The advantages and disadvantages of both modelling approaches are discussed, and a hybrid modelling scheme is proposed for further investigations.
A review of bioinspired computer‐aided design tools for hardware design
Authors: Lanchares Juan , Garnica Oscar , Fernández‐de‐Vega Francisco , Ignacio Hidalgo J.
Published: January 2013

During the tools have been also influenced by this evolutionary fashion. In this paper, we give a broader view of the application of techniques inspired by nature to hardware design and parallel architectures problem solving. Our aim is to furnish an overview of the various bioinspired techniques based tools that have been used so far to solve the problems of automatic hardware design. We can claim that a lot of the approaches found in the literature suffer from a lack of interdisciplinary interaction among researchers of both evolutionary computation and hardware design fields. In addition, we have also detected that some multi‐objective problems do not use the appropriate algorithms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A single tube 10‐color flow cytometry assay optimizes detection of minimal residual disease in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Sartor M. M. , Gottlieb D. J.
Published: January 2013

Levels of residual disease (RD) are an independent predictor of progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients treated for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We modified the international standardized approach (ISA) to RD detection using flow cytometry by developing a single tube 10 color antibody assay.

Method:

A single tube incorporated the following monoclonal antibodies: CD81FITC, CD22PE, CD3ECD, CD5PercP5.5, CD20PECY7, CD79bAPC, CD38A700, CD43APC Alexa750, CD19eFluor 450, and CD45KO. A modified ISA gating strategy was developed that removed contaminating events. Sensitivity assays were performed using dilution with normal peripheral blood and bone marrow. Clinical samples were compared using the ISA and the single tube assay.

Results:

Dilution studies showed that sensitivity of 0.001% was achievable when a minimum of 1.8 × 106 total events were acquired. One hundred twenty‐nine samples were analyzed and showed RD levels from 0.003 to 22%. In 80 samples analyzed with both assays, there was an excellent correlation between the two methods (slope = 1.0, intercept = 0.07 and R2 = 0.992) and results from Bland–Altman analysis showed a bias of 0.04 ± 0.38 with 95% confidence interval of −0.71 to 0.79. Removal of contaminating events in the single tube assay led to a significant reduction in RD values (P = 0.0014).

Conclusion:

The single tube 10‐color assay for the detection of RD in CLL provides equivalent results to the ISA but requires fewer cells, uses fewer reagents, and allows for simpler analysis. By directly removing contaminating events, it improves the accuracy of CLL RD detection and may reclassify the status of some patients following chemotherapy. © 2013 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Measuring young infants' sensitivity to height‐in‐the‐picture‐plane by contrasting monocular and binocular preferential‐looking
Authors: Tsuruhara Aki , Corrow Sherryse , Kanazawa So , Yamaguchi Masami K. , Yonas Albert
Published: January 2013

To examine young infants' sensitivity to a pictorial depth cue, we compared monocular and binocular preferential looking to objects of which depth was specified by height‐in‐the‐picture‐plane. For adults, this cue generates the perception that a lower object is closer than a higher object. This study showed that 4‐ and 5‐month‐old infants fixated the lower, apparently closer, figure more often under the monocular than binocular presentation providing evidence of their sensitivity to the pictorial depth cue. Because the displays were identical in the two conditions except for binocular information for depth, the difference in looking‐behavior indicated sensitivity to depth information, excluding a possibility that they responded to 2D characteristics. This study also confirmed the usefulness of the method, preferential looking with a monocular and binocular comparison, to examine sensitivity to a pictorial depth cue in young infants, who are too immature to reach reliably for the closer of two objects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 109–116, 2014.
Metal Dilution of Cooperative Spin‐Crossover Compounds: When Stable and Metastable High‐Spin States Meet
Authors: Paradis Nicolas , Chastanet Guillaume , Varret François , Létard Jean‐François
Published: January 2013

The photomagnetic properties of a series of metal‐diluted spin‐crossover complexes, [FexMn1–x(bpp)2](BF4)2 [bpp = 2,6‐bis(pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine], have been investigated and compared to the previously reported properties of the thermally quenched state. We observed clear evidence of an overlap between the stable high‐temperature high‐spin (HS) phase and the metastable low‐temperature HS state. A detailed investigation of the evolution of the metastable HS state lifetimes has been performed and suggested a stabilization of the HS state when the overlap is efficient. The deduced thermodynamic parameters governing the relaxation process have been satisfactorily used to simulate the thermal and temporal evolution of the HS state.
Analysis of 60 Reported Glioma Risk SNPs Replicates Published GWAS Findings but Fails to Replicate Associations From Published Candidate‐Gene Studies
Authors: Walsh Kyle M. , Anderson Erik , Hansen Helen M. , Decker Paul A. , Kosel Matt L. , Kollmeyer Thomas , Rice Terri , Zheng Shichun , Xiao Yuanyuan , Chang Jeffrey S. , McCoy Lucie S. , Bracci Paige M. , Wiemels Joe L. , Pico Alexander R. , Smirnov Ivan , Lachance Daniel H. , Sicotte Hugues , Eckel‐Passow Jeanette E. , Wiencke John K. , Jenkins Robert B. , Wrensch Margaret R.
Published: January 2013

Genomewide association studies (GWAS) and candidate‐gene studies have implicated single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in at least 45 different genes as putative glioma risk factors. Attempts to validate these associations have yielded variable results and few genetic risk factors have been consistently replicated. We conducted a case‐control study of Caucasian glioma cases and controls from the University of California San Francisco (810 cases, 512 controls) and the Mayo Clinic (852 cases, 789 controls) in an attempt to replicate previously reported genetic risk factors for glioma. Sixty SNPs selected from the literature (eight from GWAS and 52 from candidate‐gene studies) were successfully genotyped on an Illumina custom genotyping panel. Eight SNPs in/near seven different genes (TERT, EGFR, CCDC26, CDKN2A, PHLDB1, RTEL1, TP53) were significantly associated with glioma risk in the combined dataset (P < 0.05), with all associations in the same direction as in previous reports. Several SNP associations showed considerable differences across histologic subtype. All eight successfully replicated associations were first identified by GWAS, although none of the putative risk SNPs from candidate‐gene studies was associated in the full case‐control sample (all P values > 0.05). Although several confirmed associations are located near genes long known to be involved in gliomagenesis (e.g., EGFR, CDKN2A, TP53), these associations were first discovered by the GWAS approach and are in noncoding regions. These results highlight that the deficiencies of the candidate‐gene approach lay in selecting both appropriate genes and relevant SNPs within these genes.
S‐HAMMER: Hierarchical attribute‐guided, symmetric diffeomorphic registration for MR brain images
Authors: Wu Guorong , Kim Minjeong , Wang Qian , Shen Dinggang
Published: January 2013

Deformable registration has been widely used in neuroscience studies for spatial normalization of brain images onto the standard space. Because of possible large anatomical differences across different individual brains, registration performance could be limited when trying to estimate a single directed deformation pathway, i.e., either from template to subject or from subject to template. Symmetric image registration, however, offers an effective way to simultaneously deform template and subject images toward each other until they meet at the middle point. Although some intensity‐based registration algorithms have nicely incorporated this concept of symmetric deformation, the pointwise intensity matching between two images may not necessarily imply the matching of correct anatomical correspondences. Based on HAMMER registration algorithm (Shen and Davatzikos, [2002]: IEEE Trans Med Imaging 21:1421–1439), we integrate the strategies of hierarchical attribute matching and symmetric diffeomorphic deformation to build a new symmetric‐diffeomorphic HAMMER registration algorithm, called as S‐HAMMER. The performance of S‐HAMMER has been extensively compared with 14 state‐of‐the‐art nonrigid registration algorithms evaluated in (Klein et al., [2009]: NeuroImage 46:786–802) by using real brain images in LPBA40, IBSR18, CUMC12, and MGH10 datasets. In addition, the registration performance of S‐HAMMER, by comparison with other methods, is also demonstrated on both elderly MR brain images (>70 years old) and the simulated brain images with ground‐truth deformation fields. In all experiments, our proposed method achieves the best registration performance over all other registration methods, indicating the high applicability of our method in future neuroscience and clinical applications. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1044–1060, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Factors influencing long range dependence in streamflow of European rivers
Authors: Szolgayova E. , Laaha G. , Blöschl G. , Bucher C.
Published: January 2013

Investigating long range dependence of river flows, especially in connection with various climate and storage related factors, is important in order to improve stochastic models for long range dependence and in order to understand deterministic and stochastic variability in long‐term behaviour of streamflow. Long range dependence expressed by the Hurst coefficient H is estimated for 39 (deseasonalized) mean daily runoff time series in Europe of at least 59 years using five estimators (rescaled range, regression on periodogram, Whittle, aggregated variances, and least squares based on variance). All methods yield estimates of H > 0.5 for all data sets. The results from the different estimators are significantly positively correlated for all pairs of methods indicating consistency of the methods used. Correlations between H and various catchment attributes are also analysed. H is strongly positively correlated with catchment area. Apparently, increasing storage with catchment area translates into increasing long range dependence. H is also positively correlated with mean discharge and air temperature and negatively correlated with the mean specific discharge and the seasonality index (maximum Pardé coefficient). No significant correlation is found between the Hurst coefficient and the length of the analyzed time series. The correlations are interpreted in terms of snow processes and catchment wetness. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MiRNA‐362‐3p induces cell cycle arrest through targeting of E2F1, USF2 and PTPN1 and is associated with recurrence of colorectal cancer
Authors: Christensen Lise Lotte , Tobiasen Heidi , Holm Anja , Schepeler Troels , Ostenfeld Marie S , Thorsen Kasper , Rasmussen Mads H. , Birkenkamp‐Demtroeder Karin , Sieber Oliver M. , Gibbs Peter , Lubinski Jan , Lamy Philippe ,   On behalf of the COLOFOL steering group, Laurberg Søren , Øster Bodil , Hansen Kristian Q. , Hagemann‐Madsen Rikke , Byskov Kristina , Ørntoft Torben F. , Andersen Claus L.
Published: January 2013

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Western countries. A significant number of CRC patients undergoing curatively intended surgery subsequently develop recurrence and die from the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in cancers and appear to have both diagnostic and prognostic significance. In this study, we identified novel miRNAs associated with recurrence of CRC, and their possible mechanism of action. TaqMan® Human MicroRNA Array Set v2.0 was used to profile the expression of 667 miRNAs in 14 normal colon mucosas and 46 microsatellite stable CRC tumors. Four miRNAs (miR‐362‐3p, miR‐570, miR‐148 a* and miR‐944) were expressed at a higher level in tumors from patients with no recurrence (p<0.015), compared with tumors from patients with recurrence. A significant association with increased disease free survival was confirmed for miR‐362‐3p in a second independent cohort of 43 CRC patients, using single TaqMan® microRNA assays. In vitro functional analysis showed that over‐expression of miR‐362‐3p in colon cancer cell lines reduced cell viability, and proliferation mainly due to cell cycle arrest. E2F1, USF2 and PTPN1 were identified as potential miR‐362‐3p targets by mRNA profiling of HCT116 cells over‐expressing miR‐362‐3p. Subsequently, these genes were confirmed as direct targets by Luciferase reporter assays and their knockdown in vitro phenocopied the effects of miR‐362‐3p over‐expression. We conclude that miR‐362‐3p may be a novel prognostic marker in CRC, and hypothesize that the positive effects of augmented miR‐362‐3p expression may in part be mediated through the targets E2F1, USF2 and PTPN1.
Mutational analysis of splicing machinery genes SF3B1, U2AF1 and SRSF2 in myelodysplasia and other common tumors
Authors: Je Eun Mi , Yoo Nam Jin , Kim Yoo Jin , Kim Myung Shin , Lee Sug Hyung
Published: January 2013

Recurrent somatic mutations in splicing machinery components, including SF3B1, U2AF1 and SRSF2 genes have recently been reported in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Such a recurrent nature strongly suggests that these mutations play important roles in tumor development. To see whether SF3B1, U2AF1 and SRSF2 mutations occur in other human tumors besides MDS, we analyzed the hotspot mutation regions of these genes in 2,345 tumor tissues from various origins (61 MDS, other 616 hematologic tumors, 1,421 epithelial tumors and 247 non‐epithelial stromal tumors) by single‐strand conformation polymorphism analysis. We found SF3B1, U2AF1 and SRSF2 mutations in 5 (8.2%), 12 (19.7%) and 8 (13.1%) of 61 MDS, respectively. We also confirmed these mutations in other myeloid neoplasia, including de novo acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelomonocytic leukemia and MDS/myeloproliferative disorder. In addition, we discovered that the SRSF2 gene was mutated in two childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (childhood ALL) (1.5%). In solid tumors, we found SF3B1 mutations in gastric and prostate cancers, and U2AF1 mutation in a borderline mucinous tumor of ovary, but the overall incidences of the hotspot mutation regions were very low (0.2%). Our data suggest that SF3B1, U2AF1 and SRSF2 mutations occur not only in myeloid lineage tumors but also in lymphoid lineage tumors. The data suggest that the splicing gene mutations play important roles in the pathogenesis of hematologic tumors, but rarely in solid tumors.
Is acute myeloid leukemia a liquid tumor?
Authors: Ohanian Maro , Faderl Stefan , Ravandi Farhad , Pemmaraju Naveen , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge , Estrov Zeev
Published: January 2013

Extramedullary manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were described as early as the 19th century. However, the incidence, clinical significance and pathobiology of extramedullary AML remain ill defined. We reviewed case reports, retrospective case series, pilot studies and imaging studies of extramedullary leukemia (EML) to determine its frequency, characteristics, clinical presentation and significance. EML precedes or accompanies development of AML and occurs during or following treatment, even during remission. Although imaging studies are rarely conducted and the true incidence of EML has yet to be verified, authors have reported several estimates based on retrospective and autopsy studies. The incidence of EML in patients with AML of all ages is estimated to be about 9% and EML in children with AML was detected in 40% of patients at diagnosis. The combination of positron emission tomography and computed tomography were the most sensitive and reliable techniques of detecting and monitoring EML. Based on our literature review, the frequency of EML is likely underreported. The well‐documented nature of EML in patients with AML suggests that AML can manifest as a solid tumor. The extent to which EML accompanies AML and whether EML is derived from bone marrow are unknown. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the role of the microenvironment, which may or may not facilitate the survival and proliferation of EML, and the implications of these interactions with regard to minimal residual disease, tumor cell quiescence and relapse. Therefore, prospective studies of detection and characterization of EML in patients with AML are warranted.
Geophysical Investigations at the Pulemelei Mound
Authors: Clark Geoffrey , De Biran Antoine
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT To obtain further information concerning the internal structure of the mound Pulemelei mound and its temporal and spatial relation to structures and habitation areas in the vicinity, investigations using remote sensing methods ground penetrating radar and a magnetometer have been employed. The use of geophysical techniques at Pulemelei was a pilot project to evaluate if they might be applied more broadly to monumental sites in the Pacific.
OJP, a terminal Pleistocene archaeological site from the Gulf Province lowlands, Papua New Guinea
Authors: DAVID BRUNO , FAIRBAIRN ANDREW , APLIN KEN , MUREPE LESLEY , GREEN MICHAEL , STANISIC JOHN , WEISLER MARSHALL , SIMALA DOUGLAS , KOKENTS THOMAS , DOP JOHN , MUKE JOHN
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT Excavations at the limestone cave site OJP, in the Kikori River lowlands, Papua New Guinea, reveal the first evidence for human activity in this part of PNG during the terminal Pleistocene. This paper reports on the initial radiocarbon results and associated cultural materials.
Isotope analysis of human and animal diets from the Hanamiai archaeological site (French Polynesia)
Authors: RICHARDS MICHAEL P. , WEST ERIC , ROLETT BARRY , DOBNEY KEITH
Published: January 2013

We report the first palaeodietary stable isotope study of humans and animals from an East Polynesian archaeological site. The Hanamiai Dune in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia has a long stratigraphy (ca. 1025 AD to 1850 AD). We obtained carbon and nitrogen isotope values for a wide range of terrestrial and marine species from different cultural layers. We also analyzed four human teeth representing four different individuals. Pigs, rats and dogs from the initial occupation phases had isotope signatures indicating marine protein consumption, probably linked to the consumption, and subsequent extinction, of indigenous seabirds. We found evidence of different pig husbandry practices, with some pigs having an almost entirely marine diet. Humans, surprisingly, did not have a mainly marine diet but likely derived the majority of their protein from eating terrestrial mammals such as pigs, as well as perhaps dogs and rats.
Age of the O18 site, Hawai'i
Authors: DYE THOMAS S. , PANTALEO JEFFREY
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT Seven new 14C age determinations on short‐lived materials yield a sound evidential basis for the chronology of the O18 site on O'ahu Island, Hawai'i, long thought to be an early settlement site. Calibration within a model‐based, Bayesian framework indicates that the site was established in AD 1040–1219, some 260–459 years after the current estimate of first settlement, and abandoned in the late eighteenth or early nineteenth centuries. Previously published age determinations are mostly too old, probably due to the ‘old wood’ effect. O18 appears to be the oldest site on the Waimānalo Plain, but earlier sites in Waimānalo likely exist inland of the plain.
Completing the story: a late Lapita dentate stamped pot from Sigatoka, Fiji
Authors: BURLEY DAVID V. , CONNAUGHTON JESSI
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT A late Lapita dentate stamped pot associated with the Level 1 ceramic horizon at the Sigatoka Sand Dune site, Fiji was recovered in 2004. The everted rim carinated jar is paradoxical for its incorporation of crude dentate stamp and highly simplified Lapita motifs on a relatively complex Lapita vessel form. This pot documents the end of a 550 year period of dentate stamp Lapita wares in Fiji.
Finding the right question: Learning from stone tools on the Willaumez Peninsula, Papua New Guinea
Authors: TORRENCE ROBIN
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTAs the most abundant, and frequently the only, archaeological evidence preserved within the volcanic soils of the Willaumez Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, stone artefacts carry a heavy burden for scholars seeking to write the prehistory of subsistence and land use. Efforts to squeeze information from these recalcitrant informal assemblages of obsidian tools have produced contradictory and unsatisfactory results. Although alternative approaches should certainly be sought to find ways to make these silent stones speak about topics that archaeologists want to hear, other important stories concerning social process and exchange are beginning to be told by ongoing research being developed in West New Britain. These new results raise broader questions about the social functions of humble stone tools in other parts of the world.
Diversity in lithic raw material sources on New Britain, Papua New Guinea
Authors: SPECHT JIM
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe nature of chert exposures in the Passismanua area of West New Britain, Papua New Guinea is reviewed in light of reports of worked seams of chert in five caves. Extraction of chert at one cave, Ale, began within the last 3,000 years, but such exposures have been used from the late Pleistocene onwards. The nature and quality of the exposures would often have placed severe constraints on the production of flaked tools. The chert sources are compared with those of obsidian on the north side of New Britain, highlighting the potential advantages and problems of each. A small group of finely made stemmed chert tools is identified as potentially valuables similar to stemmed obsidian tools of the Willaumez Peninsula obsidian source region. While the chert examples differ in aspects of technology and form, they share with the obsidian forms the concept of bifacially‐worked stems and were made during the same period. This is seen as indicating social relationships between the two areas during the middle Holocene comparable to that recently proposed between Manus and New Britain.
The Convict System of New South Wales: A review of archaeological research since 2001
Authors: GIBBS MARTIN
Published: January 2013

The last ten years of archaeological research on convict sites in NSW has seen a wealth of new discoveries thanks to unprecedented access to urban settings as a result of the development boom in the greater Sydney area. Not surprisingly, the direction of research has therefore largely been dictated by the nature of these mitigation projects and consequently favors greater understanding of convict urban landscapes. However, the pressure to complete successive large scale projects, limited funding for post‐excavation analysis and interpretation, a growing body of incomplete reports, and the lack of an overall framework for NSW convict archaeological studies has seen an uneven advance in our knowledge of convict life since the last review by Denis Gojak in 2001. This paper reports on some of the main discoveries and describes efforts by academic and professional archaeologists to collaborate and facilitate further convict research in NSW, especially further analysis and syntheses of material, through the Archaeology of Sydney Research Group, the NSW Archaeology Online grey literature project and targeted student research.
What Remains? Reconciling Repatriation, Aboriginal Culture, Representation and the Past
Authors: Lambert‐Pennington Katherine
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT This paper uses the repatriation and ceremonial reburial of Indigenous remains to La Perouse, an Indigenous community in Sydney, as a lens through which to examine the cultural politics of representation and recognition that are central to contemporary Aboriginal identity construction. The return of the skeletal remains of 21 individuals highlights the role that representative bodies — past and present, individual and organizational — play in engagements between the State and Aboriginal people. Heralded by some as a sincere sign of reconciliation and treated as suspect and misguided by others, the reburial produced diverse responses from both Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal people alike. Speakers at the repatriation focused on righting the wrongs of the past, reconciliation, and moving forward in cooperation, suggesting the redemptive significance of these events. Among Kooris at La Perouse, debates about community, representation, and belonging expose the ways that Aboriginal people and communities operate through, against, and beyond ‘whitefella’ structures of recognition to define who they are and what their culture is.
Queensland Aborigines, Multiple Realities and the Social Sources of Suffering Part 2 Suicide, Spirits and Symbolism
Authors: Cox Leonie
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis is the second part of a paper that explores a range of magico‐religious experiences such as immaterial voices and visions, in terms of local cultural, moral and socio‐political circumstances in an Aboriginal town in rural Queensland. This part of the paper explores the political and cultural symbolism and meaning of suicide. It charts the saliency of suicide amongst two groups of kin and cohorts and the social meaningfulness and problematic of the voices and visions in relation to suicide, to identity and family forms and to funerals and a heavily drinking lifestyle.

I argue that voices and visions are used to reinterpret social experience and to establish meaning and that tragically suicide evokes connectivity rather than anomie and here cannot be understood merely as an individualistic act or evidence of individual pathology. Rather it is about transformation and crossing a threshold to join an enduring domain of Aboriginality. In this life world, where family is the highest social value and where a relational view of persons holds sway, the individualistic practice of psychiatric and other helping professions, is a considerable problem.
Historicizing Edai Siabo: a Contemporary Argument about the Pre‐colonial Past among the Motu‐Koita of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Goddard Michael
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT In the 1970s the Motu‐Koita, traditional inhabitants of what is now the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea, inaugurated a yearly cultural festival thematically based on traditional coastal trading voyages known as hiri. Contestation over the location and commercialization of the festival in the capital city developed in the new century as one distant village claimed to ‘own’ the hiri. The Motu‐Koita view of their past and their identity has been affected by their encounter with Christianity, colonialism and its aftermath, and the rhetoric of the villagers’ claims drew on criteria of authenticity, cultural purity, and exclusiveness which are arguably contemporary rather than ‘traditional’. This article reviews Motu‐Koita history, the story of the origin of the hiri, and the local politics of the cultural festival. It attempts to understand the way the past, which was formerly mythopoeically invoked, is being historicized and thereby fixed in new local discourses of cultural and heritage rights and ownership, as Melanesians come to terms with the effects of global processes on their traditions and other resources.
Fundamentals Of Engineering Energy
Authors: Larson Donald. C. , Weinberger Charles B. , Lawley Alan , Thomas Donald H. , Moore Thomas W.
Published: January 2013

Three new Fundamentals of Engineering courses, entitled Energy, Materials and Systems are presented in the sophomore year of the Drexel University E4 program. The first focuses on the concept, manifestations, uses, conservation, storage, transformation, and transfer of energy. The second focuses on materials to establish, interpret and utilize the relationships that exist between processing/synthesis, microstructure, properties, and performance‐for metals, ceramics, polymers and composites. The third focuses on systems, capitalizing on the up‐front‐engineering theme of the E4 curriculum and the extensive use of computer methods to equip students with concepts and methods of analysis which are common to all branches of engineering. All courses integrate mathematics, science, and engineering as a central theme. The subject matter builds upon the freshman courses to prepare a common strong foundation in the fundamentals of engineering for all students regardless of major. Faculty from science and engineering collaborate in preparing and presenting these courses. This interdisciplinary communication, frequently lacking in the traditional program, is an important feature of the E4 program. Student performance in these and upper‐division courses indicates that the educational objectives are being achieved. Surveys of student opinions show a high degree of interest in the subject matter and satisfaction with the methodologies adopted.
Effectiveness of a Multimedia Televised Distance Education Program for Engineering Majors
Authors: Daily Bonnie , Daily Madison
Published: January 2013

The University of Missouri‐Rolla, the state's, “technological university,” has proposed a televised distance education program that would originate on the UMR campus and be delivered to community colleges and four‐year institutions within the state not now offering engineering. The program would include the use of computer‐integrated multimedia classrooms at both the home site and remote sites and would permit two‐way transmission of video, audio, and data. Student response units would also be used at both sites to permit immediate feedback from the students to the instructor. Due to the cost of this proposal, it was determined a pilot study would be necessary to determine the effectiveness of the suggested program. This paper presents the research findings of the pilot study. The research suggests a televised interactive multimedia distance education program for engineering majors would be feasible.
Engineering Design: A Partnership Approach
Authors: Catalano George D.
Published: January 2013

Abstract

The capstone, two‐semester, senior design sequence in the mechanical engineering curriculum was restructured and offered based upon a paradigm of partnership rather than competition. Partnership, requiring trust not only among the students but also of the professor, empowers students to view their responsibilities to their profession, their clients and employers, the public, and the environment in a much more personal and thus meaningful matter. The value‐laden nature of the engineering profession and its historical attitudes and biases with respect to the natural world have been examined extensively.
Treating the All‐Nighter Syndrome: Increased Student Comprehension Through an Interactive In‐Class Approach
Authors: Scrivener Sandra , Fachin Katharina , Storey Glenn R.
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Results are presented for an educational experiment in a structures and dynamics lab course in aerospace engineering. The experiment was designed to increase the in‐class interaction between instructor and student, making a more efficient use of class time by increasing students' understanding of the course material. Several techniques were employed, but of chief importance were innovations such as preparatory lab exercises, pretesting, and questioning strategies within the lecture context.
From Drafting to Modern Design Representation: The Evolution of Engineering Design Graphics
Authors: Barr Ronald E. , Juricic Davor
Published: January 2013

Abstract

This paper briefly reviews the evolution of Engineering Design Graphics (EDG) from ancient times to the modern era. It reports on recent research concerning educational aspects of design representation and its transition from the immediate past dominated by engineering drawings to the current state based on solid geometric modeling. This research resulted in a current EDG curriculum model which is presented here in some detail. On‐going trends in design representation are indicated which suggest that in the near future a designer will create a single computer‐based product model to be used for all aspects of design, analysis, production, and maintenance. To keep abreast with these advances in design representation, curricular changes in Engineering Design Graphics are proposed which will foster implementation of Computer‐Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) programs of the near future.
Teaching Invention and Design: Multi‐Disciplinary Learning Modules
Authors: Gorman Michael E. , Richards Larry G. , Scherer William T. , Kagiwada Julia K.
Published: January 2013

This paper outlines an approach to teaching invention and design that combines engineering, social sciences and humanities. We created an experimental course with a collaborative learning environment in which students from a wide range of majors worked in teams on modules, each of which lasted for several weeks and included strong written and oral components. Standard university curricula tend to compartmentalize engineering, humanities and social sciences. But real world engineering decisions defy such compartmentalization, as students discover when they take this course. Four active learning modules from the course are described in this paper: a hands‐on project based on the invention of the telephone, a computer simulator to teach driving, an energy‐efficient house and a medical decision support system based on a client's needs. A thorough evaluation of the course and modules is included, as are suggestions for future improvements.
On the Use of Students for Developing Engineering Laboratories
Authors: Bidanda Bopaya , Billo Richard E.
Published: January 2013

This paper describes a unique and innovative approach that solved the dual problem of starting up a new engineering instructional laboratory in a timely manner, and for teaching engineering students advanced skills in Automatic Data Collection. Students enrolled in a special pilot course were used to develop and startup an Automatic Data Collection laboratory. These students were assigned individual Automatic Data Collection technologies of interest and given total responsibility for the successful startup of the laboratory. The organization and structure of the course modeled the typical team oriented project development efforts in industry. Feedback from students showed the course to be better than a typical lecture/laboratory/demonstration type course in the following ways: 1) students believed they had greater amount of contact with equipment; 2) their experience on the project was more realistic than more traditional courses; 3) they believed they gained a more thorough understanding of the technology under study; and 4) they believed they improved their professional skills making them more marketable to potential employers. With respect to the laboratory itself, startup time was reduced from an estimated 18 months to 14 weeks with the help of the student teams.
Renewal of a Flagging Environmental Engineering Program: Start at the Beginning
Authors: Sanders Dee Ann
Published: January 2013

Abstract

Environmental engineering is in popular demand with students and employers. Despite the demand, the environmental engineering program at the University of Missouri‐Rolla (UMR) had declined in recent years. A concerted effort is now being made to improve the attractiveness and quality of UMR's program, beginning with the introductory environmental engineering course offered by the Civil Engineering Department. An experimental section of the introductory course offered in the 1994 spring semester used a semester‐long design project, team exercises, field trips and imaginative demonstrations, active learning strategies, and extensive discussions of environmental engineering practice to improve student learning and interest. Results were encouraging. Students performed well and gave the course good evaluations; interest in the environmental program appears to be on the upswing.
Developing Problem Solving Skills: The McMaster Problem Solving Program
Authors: Woods Donald R. , Hrymak Andrew N. , Marshall Robert R. , Wood Philip E. , Crowe Cameron M. , Hoffman Terrence W. , Wright Joseph D. , Taylor Paul A. , Woodhouse Kimberly A. , Bouchard C.G. Kyle
Published: January 2013

This paper describes a 25‐year project in which we defined problem solving, identified effective methods for developing students' skill in problem solving, implemented a series of four required courses to develop the skill, and evaluated the effectiveness of the program. Four research projects are summarized in which we identified which teaching methods failed to develop problem solving skill and which methods were successful in developing the skills. We found that students need both comprehension of Chemical Engineering and what we call general problem solving skill to solve problems successfully. We identified 37 general problem solving skills. We use 120 hours of workshops spread over four required courses to develop the skills. Each skill is built (using content‐independent activities), bridged (to apply the skill in the content‐specific domain of Chemical Engineering) and extended (to use the skill in other contexts and contents and in everyday life). The tests and examinations of process skills, TEPS, that assess the degree to which the students can apply the skills are described. We illustrate how self‐assessment was used.
Simulating the Workplace in an Engineering Technology Course: A Rhetorical Model
Authors: Sullivan Francis J. , Baren Robert
Published: January 2013

Business and accrediting agencies have put increasing pressure on engineering technology programs to integrate job‐related skills into the undergraduate curriculum. In response, many schools have incorporated practices such as memo writing, group work, problem solving, and case studies into existing courses. But, because these innovations have usually been added, piecemeal, to courses, the technical content of these courses is being squeezed. Our paper describes our development of a module that synthesizes these separate practices so as to address the concerns of business while keeping technical content at the center of the curriculum.
Making a Partnership Work: Outcomes Assessment of the Manufacturing Engineering Education Partnership
Authors: Ramírez Lueny Morell de , Lamancusa John S. , Zayas‐Castro José L. , Jorgensen Jens E.
Published: January 2013

This paper describes the summative assessment strategy of the Manufacturing Engineering Education Partnership (MEEP). Since 1994, three universities, Penn State, University of Washington and University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, in collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories, have been working together to develop a new, practice‐based curriculum and physical facilities for product realization and manufacturing. The overall outcome is the development at each participating institution of what we call The Learning Factory. In addition to reviewing the project's four major tasks and deliverables, we present the assessment plan, its principal elements, and the tools used for qualitative evaluation. Finally, the paper highlights some of the assessment results and reviews some of the elements that made this partnership a success. The assessment strategy presented in this paper could be used as a model for similar multi‐institutional, multi‐task projects.
Equipping Undergraduates for the Graduate School Process
Authors: Oakes W. C. , McComb S. A. , Mulkay E.L. , Berger E.J. , Blevins L. G. , Stamber K. , Jones J.D.
Published: January 2013

The objective of this paper is to document a successful seminar series developed and used at Purdue University which educates undergraduates about graduate school and equips them to successfully move through the application and financial aid processes. The seminars are designed for all engineering disciplines. The series consists of four seminars given during a two‐week period every fall and spring semester. The four seminars are “Graduate Study in Engineering: To Go or Not to Go, That is the Question,” “Helping Engineers Prepare for the General Graduate Record Exam (GRE),” “Approach and Helpful Hints on the GRE Engineering Exam,” and “Strategies for Applying to National Fellowship Programs.” The semester attendance for the four seminars collectively ranges from 150 to 250 students per semester. Data from student evaluations indicate that student knowledge about the graduate school process increases between 66%‐164% for the four seminars. An alternative format for a single seminar highlighting all four topics has also been implemented.
A Survey of Ethics‐Related Instruction in U.S. Engineering Programs
Authors: Stephan Karl D.
Published: January 2013

Ethics as a topic of study is called for by both the present ABET accreditation criteria and the proposed Engineering Criteria 2000. This paper presents the results of a survey of the ethics‐related course requirements of virtually all engineering programs in the U.S. Even with a liberal definition of “ethics‐related topics,” the data reveal that only about one‐fourth of the institutions surveyed require all of their engineering undergraduates to take at least one course in which ethics or ethics‐related topics were listed in the catalog description. Because the institutions with extensive ethics course requirements tended to be small, only about one out of five students who graduated from accredited programs in 1996–97 came from an institution with such a requirement. These data show the relative invisibility of ethics‐related instruction in present course requirements, and also highlight institutions that can serve as examples for others seeking to improve their instructional efforts in this area.
An Introduction to the Community of Professors: The Engineering Education Scholars Workshop
Authors: Strader Ross , Ambrose Susan A. , Davidson Cliff I.
Published: January 2013

It can be difficult for new faculty to get the information they need on issues such as teaching, advising, and setting up a research program. While some have excellent mentors, others have come to rely on trial and error or word of mouth. In 1996, the NSF Engineering Education Scholars Workshop began at Carnegie Mellon University to address the needs of new and future engineering faculty by:

providing professional teaching development;

offering guidance in supervising graduate students and conducting research;

discussing likely engineering education and research challenges in the 21st century; and

providing intellectual and social support with colleagues.

After three years, a significant amount of knowledge and experience has been gathered by the workshop co‐chairs. This paper details the structure of the workshop and discusses the underlying principles and implementation to provide guidance for those planning similar workshops.
An Introduction to Engineering Through an Integrated Reverse Engineering and Design Graphics Project
Authors: Barr Ronald E. , Schmidt Philip S. , Krueger Thomas J. , Twu Chu‐Yun
Published: January 2013

This paper discusses a new freshman course that merges previous topics in the “Introduction to Mechanical Engineering” and “Engineering Design Graphics” courses into a single integrated teaching effort. The main objective of the new course is to introduce students to mechanical engineering education and practice through lectures and laboratory experiences. A major effort in the course is devoted to a reverse engineering team project. The students are divided into four‐member teams and are instructed to select a simple mechanical assembly for dissection. They study and disassemble their object into basic constituent components, documenting this process with freehand sketches and notes. They use these sketches and other measured dimensions to construct 3‐D solid computer models of each major component. The teams then obtain .STL files of the solid models, which are used to make rapid physical prototypes of their parts. The teams conclude their project activities by generating engineering drawings directly from the 3‐D geometric data base. All of these efforts are integrated, documented, and submitted to the instructor as a final team project report.
A Recent View of Engineering Education in Pakistan
Authors: Mehdi Mohammed Raza , Rizvi Syed Aley Imran
Published: January 2013

Engineering education in Pakistan receives less attention from governmental quarters than its importance to the country would justify. Evidence of the fact is that of the 24 universities established in Pakistan since the nation was founded, only six offer engineering. Thus the country has been unable to produce the needed manpower for its development. Furthermore, the meager national investment in engineering education offers little hope of improvement. Similarly, the total human resource output from the universities is unimpressive. In the four‐year study period reported in this paper, less than eight percent of the enrolled candidates were successful in earning post‐graduate degrees.1 Only one percent of these had begun doctorate level research, with none receiving degrees by the end of the period. This paper reviews academic trends affecting engineering students and their priorities. Graduation rates and governmental financial support for the study period have been statistically analyzed.
Successful Engineers and Indifferent Economists
Authors: Rashid Salim
Published: January 2013

The relative confidence the public displays in the activities of engineers (“success”), as contrasted with the skepticism (“indifference”) it displays towards economists, is explored in this paper. It uses the descriptions of engineering activities provided by authors such as Petroski and Bucciarelli, and particularly the detailed history of aviation engineering of Vincenti. The “separability” of problems, combined with the ability to get ones hands “dirty” on a given problem, are seen as the critical differences between engineering and economics.