bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Choosing an Advanced Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease; is it an Evidence-Based Decision in Current Practice?
Authors: Nijhuis Frouke A.P. , van Heek Jolien , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Post Bart , Faber Marjan J.
Published: July 2016

Background: In advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), neurologists and patients face a complex decision for an advanced therapy. When choosing a treatment, the best available evidence should be combined with the professional’s expertise and the patient’s preferences.

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore current decision-making in advanced PD.

Methods: We conducted focus group discussions and individual interviews with patients ( N = 20) who had received deep brain stimulation, Levodopa-Carbidopa intestinal gel, or subcutaneous apomorphine infusion, and with their caregivers ( N = 16). Furthermore, we conducted semi-structured interviews with neurologists ( N = 7) and PD nurse specialists ( N = 3) to include the perspectives of all key players in this decision-making process. Data were analyzed by two researchers using a qualitative thematic analysis approach.

Results: Four themes representing current experiences with the decision-making process were identified: 1) information and information needs, 2) factors influencing treatment choice and individual decision strategies, 3) decision-making roles, and 4) barriers and facilitators to shared decision-making (SDM). Patient preferences were taken into account, however patients were not always provided with adequate information. The professional’s expertise influenced the decision-making process in both positive and negative ways. Although professionals and patients considered SDM essential for the decision of an advanced treatment, they mentioned several barriers for the implementation in current practice.

Conclusions: In this study we found several factors explaining why in current practice, evidence-based decision-making in advanced PD is not optimal. An important first step would be to develop objective information on all treatment options.
Serum C-reactive protein concentration in preeclamptic women: Effect on pregnancy outcome
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Akhter Parul , Dabee Seema Rani , Akter Saida , Khatun Mst Rahima
Published: July 2016

Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology characterized by development of hyperten­sion to the extent of 140/90 mm of Hg or more with proteinuria after the 20th gestational week in a previously normoten­sive and non protein uric women. According to the National High blood presure Working group (NHBPEP) and Ameri­can college of obstetricans and Gynecologiests (ACOG) hypertension in pregnancy is defined as a diastolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher after 20 weeks of gestation in a woman with previously normal blood pressure (NHBPEP, 2000; ACOG, 2002). If the disease is allowed to progress to the HELLP syndrome or eclampsia, maternal morbidity and mortality increases. The majority of perinatal losses are related to placental insufficiency, which causes intrauterine growth retardation, prematurity associated with preterm delivery, or abruptio placentae. Objectives: This study tried to explore the effect of serum C reactive protein concentration in preeclamptic women and its effect on pregnancy outcome.Methods: This case control study included 60 third trimester pregnant women (30 normotensive and 30 preeclamptic) who attended Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BIRDEM and DMCH, during July 2009 and June 2010. Estimation of serum C reactive protein (CRP) concentrations was done by liquid phase immunoprecipitation assay and turbulometry at DMC.Results: Mean (±SD) age showed no significant difference between groups; however, BMI, SBP, DBP and CRP were significantly (P<0.001) high in case group. Gravidity and ANC showed no significant variation between groups. CRP concentration was significantly high case group. Gestational age was significantly low in case group resulting in higher preterm delivery. No significant variation was observed regarding fetal outcome; however, birth weight was significantly low and neonatal complication was also significantly high in case group.Conclusion: CRP concentration was high in preeclamptics resulting in adverse pregnancy outcome.
Transaminases and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase for detecting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Alam Shahinul , Gupta Utpal Das , Kabir Jahangir , Noor-E-Alam Sheikh Mohammad , Chowdhury Ziaur Rahman , Alam A.K.M. Khorshed
Published: July 2016

Background: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis are the spectrum of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that may progress to cirrhosis.Objective: We aimed to determine the detecting capacity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) for NASH and significant fibrosis.Methods: Demographic and laboratory data of 502 sonologically diagnosed NAFLD patients were retrospectively analysed. Area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) was performed for NASH and fibrosis score ?2 (significant fibrosis) with ALT, AST and GGT of 233 biopsied patients.Results: Of 502 patients ALT, AST and GGT was elevated in 252 (50.1 %), 184 (36.7%) and 138 (27.4%) respectively. There was no difference in histological activity and fibrosis score between normal and elevated ALT and AST. Forty two (40.2%) NASH and 23(20.2%) significant fibrosis had normal ALT level. GGT was differed in NASH and Non NASH (p< .005) and between significant fibrosis (p< .01) and insignificant fbrosis. To detect NASH AUROC curve ofGGT was 67.5%, whereas of ALT and AST was 55.2% and 55.7%. For significant fibrosis AUROC curve of ALT, AST and GGT was 44, 50 and 68.4 % respectively. GGT level of39.5 U/L could detect NASH with a 63% sensitivity and 65% specificity irrespective of sex. GGT 40.5U/L had 60% sensitivity and 59 % specificity to detect significant fibrosis. For fibrosis ?2 AUROC curve was 75.4% in male.Conclusion: No optimal ALT and AST level could detect NASH and fibrosis. GGT level of 40 U/L had a better detecting capacity for NASH and fibrosis especially in male.
Pediatric gastrointestinal tuberculosis with hematochezia and polyarthritis: An unusual presentation
Authors: Begum Suraiya , Fatema Kanij , Rahman Shahana Akhter
Published: July 2016

Tuberculosis may present with variable symptoms and signs, sometimes presentations are unusual. An eight year old boy was admitted with the complaints of low grade fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, hematochezia and polyarthritis. Colonic biopsy was suggestive of tuberculosis and Gene-Xpart of sputum showed of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. We are reporting a case presented with hematochezia and poloyarthritis, an unusual presentation who was subsequently diagnosed as a case of multi drug resistant intestinal tuberculosis.
Macrophage activation syndrome associated with hepatitis a virus in a child with systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A case report
Authors: Islam Mohammad Imnul , Islam Mohammed Mahbubul , Taliukder Manik Kumar , Rahman Shahana
Published: July 2016

Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) is a rare but a grave complication of systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SOJIA). It occurs as a result of immune dysfunction of macrophages and T lymphocyte. A twelve-year old boy diagnosed case of SOJIA presented with high grade fever, diffuse abdominal pain, vomiting and jaundice. He had high ALT, abnormal coagulation profile and Anti HA V IgM was positive. He had also high ferritin and triglyceride level which were very much suggestive for MAS. Infection especially Epstein Barr Virus, Herpes viruses and drugs are the common triggers for the development of MAS in association with SOJIA patients. MAS associated with hepatitis A virus are very rare. Only a few case reports are available in the literature. Considering its rarity and grave prognosis we are reporting a case of hepatitis A associated Macrophages Activation Syndrome in a systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Vesicocervical fistula following vesicovaginal fistula repair report
Authors: Rahman Hamudur , Islam Md. Saiful , Lslam Rafiqul , Khairuzzaman Md. , Hasan Sajid
Published: July 2016

Vesicocervical fistula following vesicovaginal fistula repair is a very rare condition. It is a complication following repeated lower uterine cesarean section. We report a case of an young married woman who was admitted in the depart­ment of urology, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital with vesico-cervical fistula following vesico­vaginal fistula repair. Reposition of cervix into vaginal vault and repair of urinary bladder was done. There was no such report of vesicocervical fistula following vesicovaginal fistula repair from Bangladesh.
Male with rhinosporidiosis of urethra: A case report
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir , Hossain Faruk , Sohel Mohammad Ershad Ahsan , Al Amin Mohammad , Alam A.K.M. Khurshidul , Kabir A.K.M. Nurul
Published: July 2016

A 45-year old male presented with a six months history of a polypoidal lesion at external urethral meatus. There was a history of dysuria with bloody discharge from the lesion. The past and personal history was insignificant except for occasional bathing in a water pond. General physical examination and examination of nose, oral cavity and eyes was unremarkable. On local examination, a small red, fleshy, sessile lesion was seen at the external urethral orifice measuring 0.7 x 0.6 x 0.2 cm, clinically resembling a urethral caruncle. Urine routine examination showed presence of red cells. The lesion was completely resected under spinal anaesthesia. Histopathology showed stratified squamous lined tissue which reveals many sporangia containing endospore. Subepithelial region shows granulation tissue and is infiltrated with chronic inflammatory cells suggestive ofrhinosporidiosis. No other treatment was given. Patient was well after 3 months with no evidence of recurrence during follow up.
Hydrologic Alteration Associated with Dam Construction in a Medium-Sized Coastal Watershed of Southeast China
Authors: Zhang Zhenyu , Huang Yaling , Huang Jinliang
Published: July 2016

Sustainable water resource management requires dams operations that provide environmental flow to support the downstream riverine ecosystem. However, relatively little is known about the hydrologic impact of small and medium dams in the smaller basin in China. Flow duration curve, indicators of hydrologic alteration andrange of variability approach were coupled in this study to evaluate the pre- and post-impact hydrologic regimes associated with dam construction using 44 years (1967–2010) of hydrologic data in the Jiulong River Watershed (JRW), a medium-sized coastal watershed of Southeast China, which suffered from intensive cascade damming. Results showed that the daily streamflow decreased in higher flow while daily streamflow increased in lower flow in both two reaches of the JRW. The dams in the North River tended to store more water while the dams in the West River tended to release more water. The mean daily streamflow increased during July to January while decreased during February to May after dam construction in both two reaches of the JRW. After dam construction, the monthly streamflow changed more significantly and higher variability of monthly streamflow exhibited in the West River than in the North River. The homeogenizing variability of monthly streamflow was observed in both two reaches of the JRW. The earlier occurrence time of extreme low streamflow event and later occurrence time of extreme high streamflow event exhibited after dams construction. The extreme low and high streamfow both decreased in the North River while both increased in the West River of the JRW. All of the indicators especially for the low pulse count (101.8%) and the low pulse duration (−62.1%) changed significantly in the North River. The high pulse count decreased by 37.1% in the West River and the count of low pulse increased abnormally in the North River. The high pulse duration in the post-impact period increased in the two reaches of JRW. The rise rate decreased by 26.9% and 61.0%,and number of reversals increased by 40.7% and 46.4% in the North River and West River, respectively. Suitable ranges of streamflow regime in terms of magnitude, rate, and frequency were further identified for environmental flow management in the North River and West River. This research advances our understanding of hydrologic impact of small and medium dams in the medium-sized basin in China.
MAKING PLANET NINE: A SCATTERED GIANT IN THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM
Authors: Bromley Benjamin C. , Kenyon Scott J.
Published: July 2016

Correlations in the orbits of several minor planets in the outer solar system suggest the presence of a remote, massive Planet Nine. With at least 10 times the mass of the Earth and a perihelion well beyond 100 au, Planet Nine poses a challenge to planet formation theory. Here we expand on a scenario in which the planet formed closer to the Sun and was gravitationally scattered by Jupiter or Saturn onto a very eccentric orbit in an extended gaseous disk. Dynamical friction with the gas then allowed the planet to settle in the outer solar system. We explore this possibility with a set of numerical simulations. Depending on how the gas disk evolves, scattered super-Earths or small gas giants settle on a range of orbits, with perihelion distances as large as 300 au. Massive disks that clear from the inside out on million-year timescales yield orbits that allow a super-Earth or gas giant to shepherd the minor planets as observed. A massive planet can achieve a similar orbit in a persistent, low-mass disk over the lifetime of the solar system.
KEPLER ECLIPSING BINARIES WITH DELTA SCUTI/GAMMA DORADUS PULSATING COMPONENTS. I. KIC 9851944
Authors: Guo Zhao , Gies Douglas R. , Matson Rachel A. , Hernández Antonio García
Published: July 2016

KIC 9851944 is a short-period (P = 2.16 days) eclipsing binary in the Kepler field of view. By combining the analysis of Kepler photometry and phase-resolved spectra from Kitt Peak National Observatory and Lowell Observatory, we determine the atmospheric and physical parameters of both stars. The two components have very different radii (2.27 R
⊙, 3.19 R
⊙) but close masses (1.76 M
⊙, 1.79 M
⊙) and effective temperatures (7026, 6902 K), indicating different evolutionary stages. The hotter primary is still on the main sequence (MS), while the cooler and larger secondary star has evolved to the post-MS, burning hydrogen in a shell. A comparison with coeval evolutionary models shows that it requires solar metallicity and a higher mass ratio to fit the radii and temperatures of both stars simultaneously. Both components show δ Scuti-type pulsations, which we interpret as p-modes and p and g mixed modes. After a close examination of the evolution of δ Scuti pulsational frequencies, we make a comparison of the observed frequencies with those calculated from MESA/GYRE.
THE REVERBERATION LAG IN THE LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARY H1743-322
Authors: Marco Barbara De , Ponti Gabriele
Published: July 2016

The evolution of the inner accretion flow of a black hole X-ray binary during an outburst is still a matter of active research. X-ray reverberation lags are powerful tools for constraining disk–corona geometry. We present a study of X-ray lags in the black hole transient H1743-322. We compared the results obtained from analysis of all the publicly available XMM-Newton observations. These observations were carried out during two different outbursts that occurred in 2008 and 2014. During all the observations the source was caught in the hard state and at similar luminosities (

). We detected a soft X-ray lag of ∼60 ms, most likely due to thermal reverberation. We did not detect any significant change of the lag amplitude among the different observations, indicating a similar disk–corona geometry at the same luminosity in the hard state. On the other hand, we observe significant differences between the reverberation lag detected in H1743-322 and in GX 339-4 (at similar luminosities in the hard state), which might indicate variations of the geometry from source to source.
APERTURE EFFECTS ON THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE DETERMINATIONS FROM CALIFA DATA
Authors: Iglesias-Páramo J. , Vílchez J. M. , Rosales-Ortega F. F. , Sánchez S. F. , Puertas S. Duarte , Petropoulou V. , Paz A. Gil de , Galbany L. , Mollá M. , Catalán-Torrecilla C. , Morales A. Castillo , Mast D. , Husemann B. , García-Benito R. , Mendoza M. A. , Kehrig C. , Pérez-Montero E. , Papaderos P. , Gomes J. M. , Walcher C. J. , Delgado R. M. González , Marino R. A. , López-Sánchez Á. R. , Ziegler B. , Flores H. , Alves J.
Published: July 2016

This paper aims to provide aperture corrections for emission lines in a sample of spiral galaxies from the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area Survey (CALIFA) database. In particular, we explore the behavior of the log([O iii] λ5007/Hβ)/([N ii] λ6583/Hα) (O3N2) and log[N ii] λ6583/Hα (N2) flux ratios since they are closely connected to different empirical calibrations of the oxygen abundances in star-forming galaxies. We compute the median growth curves of Hα, Hα/Hβ, O3N2, and N2 up to 2.5R
50 and 1.5 disk

. These distances cover most of the optical spatial extent of the CALIFA galaxies. The growth curves simulate the effect of observing galaxies through apertures of varying radii. We split these growth curves by morphological types and stellar masses to check if there is any dependence on these properties. The median growth curve of the Hα flux shows a monotonous increase with radius with no strong dependence on galaxy inclination, morphological type, and stellar mass. The median growth curve of the Hα/Hβ ratio monotonically decreases from the center toward larger radii, showing for small apertures a maximum value of ≈10% larger than the integrated one. It does not show any dependence on inclination, morphological type, and stellar mass. The median growth curve of N2 shows a similar behavior, decreasing from the center toward larger radii. No strong dependence is seen on the inclination, morphological type, and stellar mass. Finally, the median growth curve of O3N2 increases monotonically with radius, and it does not show dependence on the inclination. However, at small radii it shows systematically higher values for galaxies of earlier morphological types and for high stellar mass galaxies. Applying our aperture corrections to a sample of galaxies from the SDSS survey at 0.02 ≤ z ≤ 0.3 shows that the average difference between fiber-based and aperture-corrected oxygen abundances, for different galaxy stellar mass and redshift ranges, reaches typically to ≈11%, depending on the abundance calibration used. This average difference is found to be systematically biased, though still within the typical uncertainties of oxygen abundances derived from empirical calibrations. Caution must be exercised when using observations of galaxies for small radii (e.g., below 0.5

) given the high dispersion shown around the median growth curves. Thus, the application of these median aperture corrections to derive abundances for individual galaxies is not recommended when their fluxes come from radii much smaller than either R
50 or

.
FOREGROUND BIAS FROM PARAMETRIC MODELS OF FAR-IR DUST EMISSION
Authors: Kogut A. , Fixsen D. J.
Published: July 2016

We use simple toy models of far-IR dust emission to estimate the accuracy to which the polarization of the cosmic microwave background can be recovered using multi-frequency fits, if the parametric form chosen for the fitted dust model differs from the actual dust emission. Commonly used approximations to the far-IR dust spectrum yield CMB residuals comparable to or larger than the sensitivities expected for the next generation of CMB missions, despite fitting the combined CMB + foreground emission to precision 0.1% or better. The Rayleigh–Jeans approximation to the dust spectrum biases the fitted dust spectral index by

and the inflationary B-mode amplitude by

. Fitting the dust to a modified blackbody at a single temperature biases the best-fit CMB by

if the true dust spectrum contains multiple temperature components. A 13-parameter model fitting two temperature components reduces this bias by an order of magnitude if the true dust spectrum is in fact a simple superposition of emission at different temperatures, but fails at the level

for dust whose spectral index varies with frequency. Restricting the observing frequencies to a narrow region near the foreground minimum reduces these biases for some dust spectra but can increase the bias for others. Data at THz frequencies surrounding the peak of the dust emission can mitigate these biases while providing a direct determination of the dust temperature profile.
A NEW METHOD FOR FINDING POINT SOURCES IN HIGH-ENERGY NEUTRINO DATA
Authors: Fang Ke , Miller M. Coleman
Published: July 2016

The IceCube collaboration has reported the first detection of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos, including ∼50 high-energy starting events, but no individual sources have been identified. It is therefore important to develop the most sensitive and efficient possible algorithms to identify the point sources of these neutrinos. The most popular current method works by exploring a dense grid of possible directions to individual sources, and identifying the single direction with the maximum probability of having produced multiple detected neutrinos. This method has numerous strengths, but it is computationally intensive and because it focuses on the single best location for a point source, additional point sources are not included in the evidence. We propose a new maximum likelihood method that uses the angular separations between all pairs of neutrinos in the data. Unlike existing autocorrelation methods for this type of analysis, which also use angular separations between neutrino pairs, our method incorporates information about the point-spread function and can identify individual point sources. We find that if the angular resolution is a few degrees or better, then this approach reduces both false positive and false negative errors compared to the current method, and is also more computationally efficient up to, potentially, hundreds of thousands of detected neutrinos.
SYNTHESIS OF FORMAMIDE AND RELATED ORGANIC SPECIES IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM VIA CHEMICAL DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS
Authors: Spezia Riccardo , Jeanvoine Yannick , Hase William L. , Song Kihyung , Largo Antonio
Published: July 2016

We show, by means of direct dynamics simulations, how it is possible to define possible reactants and mechanisms leading to the formation of formamide in the interstellar medium. In particular, different ion–molecule reactions in the gas phase were considered: NH3OH+, NH2OH

, H2COH+, and NH4
+ for the ions and NH2OH, H2CO, and NH3 for the partner neutrals. These calculations were combined with high level ab initio calculations to investigate possible further evolution of the products observed. In particular, for formamide, we propose that the NH2OH

+ H2CO reaction can produce an isomer, NH2OCH

, that, after dissociative recombination, can produce neutral formamide, which was observed in space. The direct dynamics do not pre-impose any reaction pathways and in other reactions, we did not observe the formation of formamide or any possible precursor. On the other hand, we obtained other interesting reactions, like the formation of NH2CH

. Finally, some radiative association processes are proposed. All of the results obtained are discussed in light of the species observed in radioastronomy.
ALMA IMAGING AND GRAVITATIONAL LENS MODELS OF SOUTH POLE TELESCOPE—SELECTED DUSTY, STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT HIGH REDSHIFTS
Authors: Spilker J. S. , Marrone D. P. , Aravena M. , Béthermin M. , Bothwell M. S. , Carlstrom J. E. , Chapman S. C. , Crawford T. M. , Breuck C. de , Fassnacht C. D. , Gonzalez A. H. , Greve T. R. , Hezaveh Y. , Litke K. , Ma J. , Malkan M. , Rotermund K. M. , Strandet M. , Vieira J. D. , Weiss A. , Welikala N.
Published: July 2016

The South Pole Telescope has discovered 100 gravitationally lensed, high-redshift, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). We present 0.″5 resolution 870

 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array imaging of a sample of 47 DSFGs spanning

, and construct gravitational lens models of these sources. Our visibility-based lens modeling incorporates several sources of residual interferometric calibration uncertainty, allowing us to properly account for noise in the observations. At least 70% of the sources are strongly lensed by foreground galaxies (

), with a median magnification of

, extending to

. We compare the intrinsic size distribution of the strongly lensed sources to a similar number of unlensed DSFGs and find no significant differences in spite of a bias between the magnification and intrinsic source size. This may indicate that the true size distribution of DSFGs is relatively narrow. We use the source sizes to constrain the wavelength at which the dust optical depth is unity and find this wavelength to be correlated with the dust temperature. This correlation leads to discrepancies in dust mass estimates of a factor of two compared to estimates using a single value for this wavelength. We investigate the relationship between the [C ii] line and the far-infrared luminosity and find that the same correlation between the [C ii]/

 ratio and

 found for low-redshift star-forming galaxies applies to high-redshift galaxies and extends at least two orders of magnitude higher in

. This lends further credence to the claim that the compactness of the IR-emitting region is the controlling parameter in establishing the “[C ii] deficit.”
KECK/MOSFIRE SPECTROSCOPY OF z = 7–8 GALAXIES: Lyα EMISSION FROM A GALAXY AT z = 7.66
Authors: Song Mimi , Finkelstein Steven L. , Livermore Rachael C. , Capak Peter L. , Dickinson Mark , Fontana Adriano
Published: July 2016

We report the results from some of the deepest Keck/Multi-Object Spectrometer For Infra-Red Exploration data yet obtained for candidate z ≳ 7 galaxies. Our data show one significant line detection with 6.5σ significance in our combined 10 hr of integration which is independently detected on more than one night, thus ruling out the possibility that the detection is spurious. The asymmetric line profile and non-detection in the optical bands strongly imply that the detected line is Lyα emission from a galaxy at z(Lyα) = 7.6637 ± 0.0011, making it the fourth spectroscopically confirmed galaxy via Lyα at z > 7.5. This galaxy is bright in the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV; M
UV ∼ −21.2) with a moderately blue UV slope (

), and exhibits a rest-frame Lyα equivalent width of EW(Lyα)

Å. The non-detection of the 11 other z ∼ 7–8 galaxies in our long 10 hr integration, reaching a median 5σ sensitivity of 28 Å in the rest-frame EW(Lyα), implies a 1.3σ deviation from the null hypothesis of a non-evolving distribution in the rest-frame EW(Lyα) between 3 < z < 6 and z = 7–8. Our results are consistent with previous studies finding a decline in Lyα emission at z > 6.5, which may signal the evolving neutral fraction in the intergalactic medium at the end of the reionization epoch, although our weak evidence suggests the need for a larger statistical sample to allow for a more robust conclusion.
A SYSTEMATIC SURVEY OF PROTOCLUSTERS AT z ∼ 3–6 IN THE CFHTLS DEEP FIELDS
Authors: Toshikawa Jun , Kashikawa Nobunari , Overzier Roderik , Malkan Matthew A. , Furusawa Hisanori , Ishikawa Shogo , Onoue Masafusa , Ota Kazuaki , Tanaka Masayuki , Niino Yuu , Uchiyama Hisakazu
Published: July 2016

We present the discovery of three protoclusters at z ∼ 3–4 with spectroscopic confirmation in the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Deep Fields. In these fields, we investigate the large-scale projected sky distribution of z ∼ 3–6 Lyman-break galaxies and identify 21 protocluster candidates from regions that are overdense at more than 4σ overdensity significance. Based on cosmological simulations, it is expected that more than 76% of these candidates will evolve into a galaxy cluster of at least a halo mass of 1014
M
⊙ at z = 0. We perform follow-up spectroscopy for eight of the candidates using Subaru/FOCAS, Keck II/DEIMOS, and Gemini-N/GMOS. In total we target 462 dropout candidates and obtain 138 spectroscopic redshifts. We confirm three real protoclusters at z = 3–4 with more than five members spectroscopically identified and find one to be an incidental overdense region by mere chance alignment. The other four candidate regions at z ∼ 5–6 require more spectroscopic follow-up in order to be conclusive. A z = 3.67 protocluster, which has 11 spectroscopically confirmed members, shows a remarkable core-like structure composed of a central small region (<0.5 physical Mpc) and an outskirts region (∼1.0 physical Mpc). The Lyα equivalent widths of members of the protocluster are significantly smaller than those of field galaxies at the same redshift, while there is no difference in the UV luminosity distributions. These results imply that some environmental effects start operating as early as at z ∼ 4 along with the growth of the protocluster structure. This study provides an important benchmark for our analysis of protoclusters in the upcoming Subaru/HSC imaging survey and its spectroscopic follow-up with the Subaru/PFS that will detect thousands of protoclusters up to z ∼ 6.
Un Fachoda en mer d’Oman à la veille de l’Entente cordiale ? L’affaire du dépôt de charbon (1898-1899)
Authors: Crouzet Guillemette
Published: July 2016

Le retour de la France à Oman et dans l’océan Indien à la fin du XIXe siècle fut une source de tensions importantes entre Paris, Londres et le gouvernement des Indes britanniques. Cet article met en lumière un épisode qui mit à mal, loin de l’Europe, les négociations entre la France et la Grande-Bretagne : l’affaire du dépôt de charbon, qui faillit conduire à un nouveau Fachoda en mer d’Oman. Réglée aux dépens de la France, cette affaire illustre l’importance acquise par Oman et le golfe Persique à l’âge du nouvel impérialisme et la marge d’action des Indes, alors à la tête d’un Empire qui s’étendait de l’Afrique de l’Est à la mer de Chine.
La Société des Nations et la force internationale à Vilna (1920-1921) : un projet précurseur pour le maintien de la paix ?
Authors: Bourneuf Pierre-Etienne
Published: July 2016

En octobre 1920, afin de régler le différend territorial entre la Pologne et la Lituanie, la Société des Nations (SDN) adopta une résolution prévoyant la création d’une force internationale pour assurer le déroulement d’un plébiscite dans la région de Vilna. C’était la première fois que des contingents militaires de différents pays devaient être déployés sous l’égide d’une organisation internationale pour stabiliser une région en conflit. Quand, pour des raisons politiques, l’initiative fut abandonnée en mars 1921, les mesures préparatoires étaient très avancées. Comment le projet a-t-il pris forme ? Quels ont été les défis politiques et techniques auxquels la SDN fut confrontée ? En examinant les facteurs qui ont marqué l’élaboration de la force internationale pour Vilna, cet article montre le rôle précurseur de la SDN dans le domaine du maintien de la paix.
Face à Berlin. L’ambassade de France en Allemagne. Expérience singulière d’une diplomatie en terrain hostile (1871-1933)
Authors: Aballéa Marion
Published: July 2016

De 1871 au tournant des années 1930, l’ambassade de France à Berlin hébergea successivement les représentants du vaincu chez son vainqueur, puis du vainqueur chez son vaincu. Ces hommes furent immergés dans un environnement marqué par le poids des affrontements et des rancœurs réciproques. Ils trouvèrent dans la capitale du Reich un terrain où le rappel d’une histoire douloureuse, la difficulté du dialogue, la confrontation avec la population berlinoise, pesaient sur la mise en œuvre de leurs missions comme sur le quotidien de leur vie personnelle. Inaugurant l’ère d’une diplomatie en terrain hostile, leur expérience éclaire tant la relation franco-allemande que la pratique du métier de diplomate dans cette période troublée.
Venous Thromboembolism After Knee Arthroscopy in Undiagnosed Familial Thrombophilia
Authors: Jetty Vybhav , Glueck Charles J. , Freiberg Richard A. , Wang Ping
Published: July 2016

Venous thromboembolism is uncommon after knee arthroscopy, and there are no guidelines for thromboprophylaxis in elective routine knee arthroscopy. Preoperative evaluation of common thrombophilias should provide guidance for postarthroscopy thromboprophylaxis in otherwise healthy patients who are at high risk for venous thromboembolism. This study assessed 10 patients with venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty. Patients were assessed if venous thromboembolism occurred within 6 months after knee arthroscopy (n=10) or total hip or knee arthroplasty (n=21). This study assessed gene mutations (factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A, plasminogen activator inhibitor, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase) and serologic thrombophilias (high levels of factors VIII and XI, homocysteine, anticardiolipin immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies, and lupus anticoagulant; low antigenic protein C, S, and free S; and antithrombin III deficiency). The same coagulation data were obtained for normal subjects (n=110). The major thrombophilias in the arthroscopy group were factor V Leiden heterozygosity (40%), high factor VIII level (50%), and high homocysteine (30%). The respective values in control subjects were 2% (
P
=.0004), 7% (
P
=.0011), and 5% (
P
=.02). When the arthroscopy group was compared with the 21 patients who had venous thromboembolism after total hip or knee arthroplasty, the sole difference was factor V Leiden heterozygosity, which was 40% vs 0%, respectively (
P
=.007). Although venous thromboembolism after knee arthroscopy is uncommon, to identify high-risk patients and guide postoperative thromboprophylaxis, the authors suggest routine preoperative measurement of 3 common familial thrombophilias: factor V Leiden, factor VIII, and homocysteine. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(6):e1052–e1057.]
A Bridge to Success: A Nursing Student Success Strategies Improvement Course
Authors: Walker Laura Pruitt
Published: July 2016

Background:

Nursing student success and retention is in the forefront of educators' minds as we continue to face a projected nursing shortage. The key to combating the nursing shortage lies with our ability to successfully transition the student from nursing school and NCLEX-RN
®
to professional practice.

Method:

A quantitative research project using the one group pre- and posttest design is presented.

Results:

The research demonstrated that students' perceived stress levels decreased and self-efficacy increased following the success strategies improvement course. There was no relation between age and retention or the number of hours worked per week and retention with this cohort of students. The retention improvement from first semester to second semester following the course was only minimal.

Conclusion:

The course was a success in that it did influence a positive change in perceived stress and self-efficacy; however, it only provided minimal change in student retention. Student satisfaction with the course was strong. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(8):450–453.]
Decision-Tree Analysis for Predicting First-Time Pass/Fail Rates for the NCLEX-RN® in Associate Degree Nursing Students
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Chin , Bennett Sean
Published: July 2016

Background:

Little evidence shows the use of decision-tree algorithms in identifying predictors and analyzing their associations with pass rates for the NCLEX-RN
®
in associate degree nursing students. This longitudinal and retrospective cohort study investigated whether a decision-tree algorithm could be used to develop an accurate prediction model for the students' passing or failing the NCLEX-RN.

Method:

This study used archived data from 453 associate degree nursing students in a selected program. The chi-squared automatic interaction detection analysis of the decision trees module was used to examine the effect of the collected predictors on passing/failing the NCLEX-RN.

Results:

The actual percentage scores of Assessment Technologies Institute®'s RN Comprehensive Predictor
®
accurately identified students at risk of failing. The classification model correctly classified 92.7% of the students for passing.

Conclusion:

This study applied the decision-tree model to analyze a sequence database for developing a prediction model for early remediation in preparation for the NCLEXRN. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(8):454–457.]
E-Mentoring for Doctor of Nursing Practice Students: A Pilot Program
Authors: Harris Robin , Birk Stefanie B. , Sherman Jan
Published: July 2016

Background:

The growing number of online Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs, steady attrition rates, and shortage of faculty created an opportunity to explore the use of distance-mediated mentoring.

Method:

Twenty first-year DNP Nursing Leadership students were matched with DNP-prepared mentors in a formalized e-mentoring program. The Ideal Mentor Scale was used to determine what students desired most from the mentoring relationship in addition to midpoint and end-of-program surveys.

Results:

Quantitative analysis revealed mentors and mentees found the relationship to be beneficial (
p
< .05). Mentees (89%) and mentors (92%) noted the program supplied adequate resources, and the majority of students would recommend the program.

Conclusion:

Having a mentor leads to both mentor- and mentee-perceived benefits. Recommendations include continuing to seek ways to improve the communication and commitment between the mentor and mentee in order to receive reciprocal program benefits. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(8):458–462.]
Towards Parameterized Shared Key for AVK Approach
Authors: Prajapat Shaligram , Thakur Ramjeevan Singh
Published: July 2016

“Key” plays a vital role in every symmetric key cryptosystem. The obvious way of enhancing security of any cryptosystem is to keep the key as large as possible. But it may not be suitable for low power devices since higher computation will be done for longer keys and that will increase the power requirement which decreases the device's performance. In order to resolve the former specified problem an alternative approach can be used in which the length of key is fixed and its value varies in every session. This is Time Variant Key approach or Automatic Variable Key (AVK) approach. The Security of AVK based cryptosystem is enhanced by exchanging some parameters instead of keys between the communicating parties, then these parameters will be used to generate required keys at the receiver end. This chapter presents implementation of the above specified Mechanism. A model has been demonstrated with parameterized scheme and issues in AVK approach. Further, it has been analyzed from different users' perspectives. This chapter also highlights the benefits of AVK model to ensure two levels of security with characterization of methods for AVK and Estimation of key computation based on parameters only. The characteristic components of recent styles of key design with consideration of key size, life time of key and breaking threshold has also been pointed out. These characteristics are essential in the design of efficient symmetric key cryptosystem. The novel approach of AVK based cryptosystem is suitable for low power devices and useful for exchanging very large objects or files. This scheme has been demonstrated with Fibonacci-Q matrix and sparse matrix based diffused key information exchange procedures. These models have been further tested from perspective of hackers and cryptanalyst, to exploit any weakness with fixed size dynamic keys.
Technology Access and Research Prolificacy
Authors: D'Rosario Michael
Published: July 2016

Modern information and communication technologies enable research collaborations that were not conceivable a mere decade ago. Moreover, the diffusion of extant technologies (such as broadband, and cellular communication devices) more fully in both developing and developed nations has afforded more people access to key communications technologies, creating ever increasing networks and communities of researchers and collaborators. The current study seeks to more fully explicate the relationship between technology access, diffusion and research output. The study shall consider the impact of telecommunications tele-density, Broadband penetration, Computer access and ICT investment on research output and patent submissions. Both static and dynamic estimations are conducted, employing the Arellano & Bover systems estimator method. The findings suggest that telecommunications tele-density and ICT investment are key determinants of academic research output. They are however not significant determinants of patent submissions. These findings are robust for both static and dynamic estimations.
Legal Issues Involving Educator Sexual Misconduct
Authors: Fields Sean Ashley
Published: July 2016

In addition to the trauma for victims of an educator's sexual misconduct, such conduct can have lasting consequences for the educator, their employer, and the community the educator serves. The educator who crosses professional boundaries and engages in sexual misconduct with students faces the possibility of both professional and personal consequences. In addition to discussing these consequences, this chapter will identify and examine the liability risks for school employers when an educator engages in sexual misconduct. This chapter will also provide insight into how a school employer can to adopt and implement measures to prevent and manage risks posed by sexual misconduct through background checks, training, supervision, reporting procedures, and conducting investigations when appropriate.
Swarm Intelligence in Solving Bio-Inspired Computing Problems
Authors: Acharjya Debi Prasanna , Kauser Ahmed P.
Published: July 2016

Currently, a huge amount of data is available across various domains including biological data. Classification of these data, clustering, and data analysis is tedious and has become popular in recent research. In particular, bio-inspired computing is the field that mends together mathematics, computer science, and biology to develop tools to store, scrutinize, and interpret the biological data. It is also used to solve real life problems like sequencing biological data, data clustering, and optimization. Swarm intelligence is an emerging field of biologically inspired artificial intelligence technique that is based on the behavioral models of social insects. This chapter provides an overview of swarm intelligence algorithms in solving bio-inspired computing problems. It is an attempt to explore the working nature, applications, and generative power of various bio-inspired computing algorithms. The main intent is to furnish a comprehensive study of swarm intelligence algorithms in the literature so as to inspire further research in the area of biologically inspired computing.
Artificial Neural Network and Its Application in Steel Industry
Authors: Mohanty Itishree , Bhattacherjee Dabashish
Published: July 2016

The recent developments in computational intelligence has enhances the applicability of empirical modelling in different areas particularly in the area of machine learning. These new approaches are based on analysing the data about a system, in particular finding connections between the system state variables (input, internal and output variables) without having precise knowledge about the physical behaviour of the system. These data driven methods explain advances on conventional empirical modelling and include contributions from many overlapping fields like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Computational Intelligence (CI), Soft Computing (SC), Machine Learning (ML), Intelligent Data Analysis (IDA), and Data Mining (DM). The most popular computational intelligence techniques used in process modelling of steel industry includes neural networks, fuzzy rule-based systems, genetic algorithms as well as approaches to model integration. This chapter describes mainly the application of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in steel industry. ANN has extensively used in improving and controlling different processes of steel industry like steel making, casting and rolling which lead to indirect energy savings through reduced product rejects, improved productivity and reduced down time. The efficiency of artificial neural network tool in handling steel plant processes has been discussed in detail. ANN based models are found to be very potential to handle very complex, dynamic and non-linear problems.
Potential Indicators Based Neural Networks for Cash Forecasting of an ATM
Authors: Mishra Partha Sarathi , Dehuri Satchidananda
Published: July 2016

Cash forecasting is one of the important tasks in the domain of computational finance. A number of tools have been developed by various groups of researchers and are being used by banks or corporate to identify future cash needs. However, due to the high degree of non-linearity of the problem and surrounded by many local optimal solutions, this paper propose a multi-layer locally tuned perceptron (MLTP) to forecast the future needs and at the same time reduce the users frustration. It uses a fine tuned MLTP to forecast a daily cash demand of an automated teller machine (ATM). Further, potential indicators are used to making the model robust in terms of its efficiency and accuracy. The accuracy is compared against a traditional time series method. Furthermore, it is validated using the past data collected from the SBI ATM of Bhadrak district of Odisha, India. The performance of the method is encouraging. This system can be scaled for all branches of a bank in an area by incorporating historical data from these branches.
Prediction of International Stock Markets Based on Hybrid Intelligent Systems
Authors: Lahmiri Salim
Published: July 2016

This paper compares the accuracy of three hybrid intelligent systems in forecasting ten international stock market indices; namely the CAC40, DAX, FTSE, Hang Seng, KOSPI, NASDAQ, NIKKEI, S&P500, Taiwan stock market price index, and the Canadian TSE. In particular, genetic algorithms (GA) are used to optimize the topology and parameters of the adaptive time delay neural networks (ATNN) and the time delay neural networks (TDNN). The third intelligent system is the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) that basically integrates fuzzy logic into the artificial neural network (ANN) to better model information and explain decision making process. Based on out-of-sample simulation results, it was found that contrary to the literature GA-TDNN significantly outperforms GA-ATDNN. In addition, ANFIS was found to be more effective in forecasting CAC40, FTSE, Hang Seng, NIKKEI, Taiwan, and TSE price level. In contrary, GA-TDNN and GA-ATDNN were found to be superior to ANFIS in predicting DAX, KOSPI, and NASDAQ future prices.
The Semantic Dominance of Emotional Templates in Cognitive Structures
Authors: Adi Tom
Published: July 2016

Deep semantics explains how the use of natural language influences human behaviour in all its domains. As it turns out, the phonetic structure of each word root in any language symbolizes an abstract template. In a fully functional human being, this abstract template is subconsciously converted into a practical concrete template that can be used to manage a specific human function in a certain domain. Many such templates have been presented and discussed in the past for the domains of emotions, cognition, economics, and others. In this paper, the author will demonstrate that the manner in which emotional templates are utilized by a person (his emotional choices) determines how concrete templates are generated from word roots for cognitive functioning and for all other aspects of human behaviour and personal development.