bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gadolinium oxide-decorated graphene oxide-based dual-stimuli-responsive smart fluids
Authors: Gwon Hyukjoon , Kim Hamin , Lee Seungae
Published: January 2025

Gadolinium oxide-based compounds are employed for the first time in the fabrication of dual-stimuli-responsive smart fluids that respond to both electric and magnetic fields.
Structure–property relationships of ionic poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET): effect of ion content and species
Authors: Song Jia-Ming , Wang Xue-Shuai , Li Jun-Yu , Liu Yi , Zheng Liu-Chun
Published: January 2025

The functionalization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) can potentially expand the applications of PET, particularly in high-value-added fields.
Ultra-long organic RTP host–guest doped systems based on pure 4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)methyl benzoate as versatile hosts
Authors: Jiao Xiaoxiao , Zhang Wenlei , Zhi Jieru , Wang Yingxin , Wang Mengyao , Liu Zhongyi , Li Jinpeng
Published: January 2025

Pure MIBA-based host–guest doped systems exhibit ULRTP by modulating different guest molecules and the anti-counterfeiting application.
Modular supramolecular capsules based on α,γ-cyclic peptide dimers for the development of confined catalysis
Authors: Troncoso Mondragón Ezequiel , Fuertes Alberto , Calvelo Martín , Fuentes de Arriba Ángel L. , Amorín Manuel , Granja Juan R.
Published: January 2025

A modular strategy is designed for the preparation of supramolecular capsules in the search for new functional containers.
Nanosized MCM-41 silica from rice husk and its application for the removal of organic dyes from water
Authors: Celoria Giorgio , Begni Federico , Paul Geo , Marchesi Stefano , Boccaleri Enrico , Bisio Chiara , Marchese Leonardo
Published: January 2025

Synthesis of a nanometric-size MCM-41 from biogenic silica obtained from rice husk for the adsorption of organic dyes from aqueous phase.
Red-shifted optical absorption induced by donor–acceptor–donor π-extended dibenzalacetone derivatives
Authors: Vasconcelos Vitória M. R. , Postacchini Bruna B. , dos Santos Hélcio S. , Cajazeiras Francisco F. M. , Freire Valder N. , Alves Junior Clodomiro , Pessoa Cláudia , da Costa Roner F. , Vasconcelos Igor F. , Bezerra Eveline M.
Published: January 2025

Dibenzalacetone derivatives exhibit red-shifted absorption influenced by structural modifications and solvent polarity, showing potential for applications in organic solar cells due to enhanced conjugation and optoelectronic properties.
Metal-free photocatalyst with reduced graphene oxide-doped graphitic carbon nitride homojunctions for efficient antibacterial applications
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Wang Weikun , Huang Shiyue , Lv Yijie , Li Meilan , Wu Mingliang , Wang Haiyang
Published: January 2025

Efficient photocatalytic antibacterial applications with a reduced graphene oxide-doped g-C3N4 homojunctions.
Strengthened d–p orbital hybridization and hydrogen diffusion in a hollow N-doped porous carbon/Ru cluster catalyst system for hydrogen evolution reactions
Authors: Li Ruidong , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Lin , Zhou Qingqu , Yang Xiong , Jiang Linbo , Luo Xu , Yu Jun , Wei Jingwen , Mu Shichun
Published: January 2025

Hollow and N-doped porous carbon structures enhanced hydrogen diffusion and the d–p hybridization effect with Ru clusters, thereby boosting the HER performance.
Iterative synthesis of stereodefined polyacetals and their domino-Coates–Claisen rearrangement
Authors: Massad Itai , Marek Ilan
Published: January 2025

A simple and effective iterative strategy towards previously unknown unsaturated polyacetals enabled the exploration of an alkene isomerization-domino-Coates–Claisen rearrangement sequence, globally transforming the iteratively assembled backbone.
Thermo-Rheological and Tribological Properties of Low- and High-oleic Vegetable Oils as Sustainable Bio-based lubricants
Authors: Saka Abiodun , Abor Tobechukwu K. , Okafor Anthony C. , Okoronkwo Monday
Published: January 2025

Vegetable oil-based lubricants have attracted increased research attention in recent decades as sustainable alternatives to conventional petroleum-based lubricants in metal machining. However, there is limited data on the thermos-rheological and...
Exquisite restructuring of the electronic structure of cobalt phosphide via rationally controlling iron induction for water splitting under industrial conditions
Authors: Li Ziting , Zhou Peng , Zhang Mingyan , Zhang Haochen , Zhang Yongyi , Han Dan , Chen Xiaoshuang
Published: January 2025

Ultrathin Fe-doped CoP nanosheets with exquisite restructuring of the electronic structure presented preferable dual-function water splitting properties in laboratorial and industrial conditions.
A symmetric gradient structure enables robust CNF/FeCo/LM composite films with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding and electrical insulation
Authors: Yang Song , Du Maofei , Zhang Ying , Wang Yuhan , Gu Ting , Liu Fei
Published: January 2025

The exceptional performance of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials often stems from their high conductivity.
Nanomaterials and clinical SERS technology: broad applications in disease diagnosis
Authors: Onyemaobi Ifeanyichukwu Michael , Xie Yujiao , Zhang Jiahao , Xu Lei , Xiang Lingchao , Lin Jie , Wu Aiguo
Published: January 2025

In this review, we highlight the advancements in clinical SERS diagnostics, the role of NMs-SERS and AI in enhancing SERS data analysis for precise diagnosis of chronic diseases and improving detection sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility.
Low-temperature synthesis of mixed valence gold halide perovskites and exploration of their photoluminescence properties
Authors: Py-Renaudie Alexandre , Chambissie Kameni Ange B. , Pavard Paul-Alexis , Schneider Nathanaelle , Delport Géraud , Singh Pallavi , Aureau Damien , Frégnaux Mathieu , Cahen David , Guillemoles Jean-François , Schulz Philip
Published: January 2025

We describe the structural and chemical properties of gold halide perovskites (Cs2AuIAuIIIX6, X = I, Br, Cl) synthesized at low temperatures. Photoluminescence shows bandgaps (1–1.4 eV), highlighting their potential for optoelectronic devices.
Local sources versus long-range transport of organic contaminants in the Arctic: future developments related to climate change
Authors: Muir Derek , Gunnarsdóttir Maria J. , Koziol Krystyna , von Hippel Frank A. , Szumińska Danuta , Ademollo Nicoletta , Corsolini Simonetta , De Silva Amila , Gabrielsen Geir , Kallenborn Roland , Polkowska Żaneta , Krümmel Eva , Vorkamp Katrin
Published: January 2025

Climate change leads to releases of persistent organic pollutants and chemicals of emerging concern as glaciers melt and permafrost thaws. Increased human activity in the Arctic may enhance local emissions of potentially problematic chemicals.
Correction: Multinuclear coordination polymers based on Ag⋯Ag interaction: syntheses, structures, and luminescence properties
Authors: Shi Hua-Yu , Dong Yun-Bo , Liu Ying-Ying , Ma Jian-Fang
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Multinuclear coordination polymers based on Ag⋯Ag interaction: syntheses, structures, and luminescence properties’ by Hua-Yu Shi et al., CrystEngComm, 2014, 16, 5110–5120, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CE00236A.
Advancements in synthetic methodologies and biological applications of lawsone derivatives
Authors: Dash Ananya , Panda Jasmine , Samanta Barsha , Mohapatra Seetaram
Published: January 2025

This review highlights recent advances in lawsone derivatives, focusing on their broad spectrum of biological activities (anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antimalarial, metabolic enzyme-targeting) and SARs.
Correction: Investigation of a flexible, room-temperature fiber-shaped NH3 sensor based on PANI–Au–SnO2
Authors: Wang Qiuning , Peng Yuan , Guo Bin , Sun Jianhai , Liu Yaxia , Wang Yanjun , Zhang Hongyan
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Investigation of a flexible, room-temperature fiber-shaped NH3 sensor based on PANI–Au–SnO2’ by Qiuning Wang et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 38530–38538, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4RA06915C.
Correction: Strategic design of GalNAc-helical peptide ligands for efficient liver targeting
Authors: Ito Takahito , Ohoka Nobumichi , Aoyama Michihiko , Nishikaze Takashi , Misawa Takashi , Inoue Takao , Ishii-Watabe Akiko , Demizu Yosuke
Published: January 2025

Correction for ‘Strategic design of GalNAc-helical peptide ligands for efficient liver targeting’ by Takahito Ito et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, 15, 18789–18795, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SC05606J.
Validation of the Caregiver Analysis of Reported Experiences with Swallowing Disorders (CARES) Screening Tool for Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: Shune Samantha , Gray Lauren Tabor , Perry Sarah , Kosty Derek , Namasivayam-MacDonald Ashwini
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

Swallowing difficulties have a substantial impact on the burden experienced by care partners of individuals with neurodegenerative disease. Given this, there is a clear need to easily identify and quantify the unique aspects of swallowing-related burden. The purpose of this study was to establish the validity and reliability of the Caregiver Analysis of Reported Experiences with Swallowing Disorders (CARES) screening tool in care partners of individuals with neurodegenerative disease.

Method:

Survey data were collected from an international sample of 212 individuals caring for family members with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (
n =
49), dementia (
n =
110), or Parkinson's disease (
n =
53). Respondents completed the CARES, Eating Assessment Tool-10, International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative–Functional Diet Scale, and Zarit Burden Interview. Reliability and validity of the CARES were evaluated via internal consistency alpha coefficients, Spearman's rho correlations, and logistic regression analyses with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results:

CARES scores demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α = .90–.95) and high test–retest reliability (
r
= .86–.91). The CARES was found to be valid, as increased swallowing-related burden was associated with increased severity of swallowing difficulties (
r
= .79 to .84), diet restrictiveness (
r
= −.50 to −.54), and general caregiver burden (
r
= .36 to .40). The CARES had excellent discrimination between care partners with and without self-reported swallowing-related burden, with a score of ≥ 4 suggesting a heightened risk of experiencing this burden.

Conclusions:

Results establish the CARES as a valid and reliable screening tool that can detect burden related to swallowing difficulties among care partners of individuals living with neurodegenerative disease (score ≥ 4). Clinical implementation of the CARES requires the concerted efforts of the larger multidisciplinary team who can collaboratively identify the presence of burden and target the multifaceted sources of burden that a care partner may be experiencing.
Development, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity of the American Sign Language Version of the Computerized Revised Token Test
Authors: Goldberg Emily B. , Pratt Sheila R. , McNeil Malcolm R. , Szuminsky Neil , DeHaan Kenneth , Zhen Leslie Q.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

The present study assessed the test–retest reliability of the American Sign Language (ASL) version of the Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT-ASL) and compared the differences and similarities between ASL and English reading by Deaf and hearing users of ASL.

Method:

Creation of the CRTT-ASL involved filming, editing, and validating CRTT instructions, sentence commands, and scoring. Deaf proficient (DP), hearing nonproficient (HNP), and hearing proficient sign language users completed the CRTT-ASL and the English self-paced, word-by-word reading CRTT (CRTT-Reading-Word Fade [CRTT-R-wf]). Both tests were administered twice, 7–14 days apart, to assess test–retest reliability.

Results:

Preliminary findings suggested that the CRTT-ASL was acceptably reliable for the DP group across CRTT metrics. All groups showed adequate test–retest reliability for the CRTT-R-wf. The DP group scored comparably across the two language conditions, and on average, the DP group produced significantly lower scores than the two hearing groups on the CRTT-R-wf. The hearing groups did not differ significantly from each other on the CRTT-R-wf.

Conclusions:

The CRTT-ASL may be reliable for assessing Deaf ASL users, the target population for its use. These findings serve as preliminary support for clinical and research use of the novel CRTT-ASL to assess language processing in Deaf individuals who use ASL. The CRTT-ASL may be sensitive to lexical processing inefficiencies in the Deaf signing population.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.28216259
Design and implementation of solvency proof system based on zero knowledge proofs
Authors: Chen Siyu , Diao Renhong , Xu Jiali
Published: January 2025

The aim of this study is to design and implement a system that allows centralized blockchain institutions to prove their solvency. This system ensures that institutions do not misappropriate user assets and enhances trust between users and institutions. The article introduces the Groth‐16 zero‐knowledge proof algorithm from ZK‐SNARK (zero‐knowledge succinct non‐interactive argument of knowledge). The R1CS arithmetic circuit in the Groth‐16 algorithm effectively guarantees the authenticity and tamper‐resistance of the system's raw data sources. Additionally, it combines the use of Merkle Sum Trees and Sparse Merkle trees. The former enables users to perform distributed verification of solvency proofs, while the latter effectively hides the overall number of users. Finally, users verify the balances and the private key signatures of addresses in the institution's bulletin board. Together, these components form a comprehensive and distributed solvency proof solution. This solution is a pioneering solution in the field of blockchain solvency proofs and provides a secure, efficient, and privacy‐preserving method for centralized cryptocurrency service providers or Web3 enterprise custodians. It effectively addresses the challenge of proving an institution's possession of sufficient reserves to cover user assets without compromising user privacy or disclosing the institution's scale.
Analysing a multi‐stage cyber threat and its impact on the power system
Authors: Al Homoud Leen , Barpanda Namrata , Bobato Vinicius , Goulart Ana , Davis Kate , Rice Mark
Published: January 2025

Electric power systems are composed of physical and cyber sub‐systems. The sub‐systems depend on each other. If the cyber sub‐system is compromised by a cyber threat, what is the impact on the physical system? This paper presents a case study that shows the steps of a multi‐stage cyber threat involving a database injection attack, and what happens to the power system if this threat is not detected in its early stages. The threat first affects one utility but it can spread to the balancing authority, which is responsible for keeping the voltage and frequency stable in the power grid. During the cyber threat, the authors also show defence tools, such as a cyber‐physical data fusion tool that displays and analyses power and cyber telemetry.
Prediction of airport surface potential conflict based on GNN‐LSTM
Authors: Yuan Ligang , Fang Daoming , Chen Haiyan , Liu Jing
Published: January 2025

The development of the civil aviation industry has contributed to a steady increase in the number of daily flight operations at airports, which in turn has led to increasingly complex airport ground layouts. To aid airport managers in understanding the operational situation on the airport surface, this paper introduces a predictive model for airport ground conflict situations based on GNN‐LSTM. This model identifies potential conflicts, conflict hotspots, and conflict hotspots zones, designating key intersections on taxiways as conflict hotspots according to taxiing rules. A conflict network is constructed, employing GNN with an integrated attention mechanism to extract structural features of the network, while LSTM is utilized to capture temporal features. After tuning the model parameters, predictions are made regarding the overall potential number of potential conflicts on the surface. To validate the effectiveness of the model, experimental analysis is conducted using AirTOp simulation data from Shenzhen Bao'an Airport, comparing GNN‐LSTM model with GNN‐GRU, LSTM, and GRU models, using RMSE and MAE as loss functions. The results demonstrate that he proposed modelling approach effectively extracts the temporal features of potential conflict and GNN‐LSTM model outperforms other models in predicting the overall number of potential conflicts.
Dual‐band flexible FSS conformal to elliptic cylindrical surface
Authors: Chen Zhaoran , Li Xiangyu , Hu Junjie , Yao Xiayuan
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces a conformal frequency selective surface (FSS) with dual passbands from 9 to 9.3 GHz and 13.1–13.7 GHz, as well as one stopband from 10.4 to 10.9 GHz. The frequency response of the curved FSS coincides with the performance of the planar FSS with the same unit cell under normal incidence. The unit cell comprises two compact flower‐shaped metallic slots patched on the dielectric substrate. This design has excellent stability of the incident angle up to 70°. The equivalent circuit model considering the mutual coupling between the two slots is illustrated to analyse the resonance mechanism. The whole antenna system enclosed by the conformal FSS is simulated to evaluate the loss in the far‐field beam's directivity and aberration. The impact caused by the different curvatures is investigated. The samples in planar and elliptic cylindrical surfaces are fabricated. The insertion losses of both polarisations are less than 1.5 dB, as the angle of incidence varies to 60°. The frequency response of curved FSS is identical to the planar FSS under normal incidence. The maximum attenuations of both polarisations in the passbands are less than 1.38 dB, and the average transmission coefficient in the stopband is −22 dB. The conformal FSS brings slight aberration in the half power beamwidth (HPBW) of the incident beam in the passbands. Furthermore, it suppresses the main beam in the stopband by at least 25 dB.
An improved affinity propagation method for maximising system sum rate and minimising interference for 3D multi‐UAV placement in disaster area
Authors: Jazi Nooshin Boroumand , Faghani Farhad , Farzanegan Mahmoud Daneshvar
Published: January 2025

In emergencies where several ground base stations (GBS) are no longer available, mobile base stations based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can efficiently resolve coverage issues in remote areas due to their cost‐effectiveness and versatility. Natural disasters, such as a deluge, cause damage to the terrestrial wireless infrastructure. The main challenge in these systems is to determine the optimal 3D placement of UAVs to meet the dynamic demand of users and minimise interference. Various mathematical frameworks and efficient algorithms are suggested for designing, optimising, and deploying UAV‐based communication systems. This paper investigates the challenges of 3D UAV placement through machine learning (ML) and enhanced affinity propagation (EAP). Lastly, the simulation results indicate that the proposed approach improves the system sum rate, interference, and coverage performance compared to DBSCAN, k‐means, and k‐means++ methods. Therefore, this paper identifies UAVs' most effective 3D placement, including minimising the number of UAVs, maximising the number of covered users, and maximising the system sum rate for an arbitrary distribution of users in the disaster area. Additionally, this paper addresses the issue of interference minimisation.
Quantum teleportation in higher dimension and entanglement distribution via quantum switches
Authors: Dey Indrakshi , Marchetti Nicola
Published: January 2025

High‐dimensional quantum states, or ‘qudits’, provide significant advantages over traditional qubits in quantum communication, such as increased information capacity, enhanced noise resilience, and reduced information loss. Despite these benefits, their implementation has been constrained by challenges in generation, transmission, and detection. This paper presents a novel theoretical framework for transmitting quantum information using qudit entanglement distribution over a superposition of causal orders in two quantum channels. Using this model, a quantum switch operation for 2‐qudit systems is introduced, which facilitates enhanced fidelity of entanglement distribution and quantum teleportation. The results demonstrate that the use of qudits in entanglement distribution achieves a fidelity improvement from 0.5 (for qubit‐based systems) to 0.94 for 20‐dimensional qudits, even under noisy channel conditions. This enhancement is achieved by exploiting the increased Hilbert space of high‐dimensional states and the inherent noise‐resilience properties of quantum switches operating in superpositions of causal orders. The findings underscore the potential of qudit‐based quantum systems in achieving robust and high‐fidelity communication in environments where traditional qubit‐based systems face limitations.
An autoconfiguration strategy for very large scale long range wide area network deployments in smart cities
Authors: Torres‐Sanz Vicente , Sanguesa Julio A. , Martinez Francisco J. , Garrido Piedad , Calafate Carlos T.
Published: January 2025

LoRa has proven to be an ideal solution for Internet of Things networks and applications that require long‐distance communications, such as those related to smart cities or precision agriculture. Its low cost combined with the wide availability of LoRa‐compatible devices make it possible to easily deploy a large number of sensors capable of collecting and transmitting key information for new services and applications. However, the process of adding new devices into a Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) network represents a significant challenge on a large scale, as each device must be individually configured and manually registered to join the network. This manual approach is costly and impractical when it comes to deploying a very large number of devices. To address this problem, this paper proposes two deployment strategies (semi‐automatic and automatic) to simplify and streamline the process of activating and registering LoRaWAN devices. These strategies facilitate the deployment of large‐scale devices in smart cities, and their adoption can significantly enhance the deployment of LoRaWAN devices. Experimental results clearly demonstrate the benefits of our solution. Specifically, for 500 devices, the semi‐automatic deployment is 3.75 times more efficient, and the automatic deployment is an impressive 394.87 times faster than the manual deployment.
Hierarchical formation control technology for multiple autonomous underwater vehicles
Authors: Fan Shibo , Jiao Jie , Lin Pengfeng , Meng Qingzuo
Published: January 2025

The employment of multiple AUVs is to perform missions while maintaining a geometric formation designated. In this paper, communication mechanism based on blackboard is introduced to support cooperation between AUVs, messages are typed according to artificial intelligence. The hierarchical formation control algorithm is proposed, including designing level, generating level, behavioural level, evaluating level. Several formation patterns are designed according to different tasks and requirements. Orderly‐Quaternion sets and control matrix are defined for the design of accurate formation geometry. Behaviours of following subgoals and avoiding obstacles enable AUVs team move forward to destination by keeping ideal pattern. Formation length rate and formation maintaining rate are utilised for AUVs team to evaluate the effect of formation. Finally, the presented approach is verified by a simulation of a swarm of AUVs moving through a constrained environment.
Constraints to the drag-based reverse modeling
Authors: Čalogović J. , Dumbović M. , Martinić K. , Temmer M. , Vršnak B.
Published: January 2025

One of the most widely used space weather forecast models to simulate the propagation of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is the analytical drag-based model (DBM). It predicts the CME arrival time and speed at Earth or at a specific target (planets, spacecraft) in the Solar System. The corresponding drag-based ensemble model (DBEM) additionally takes into account the uncertainty of the input parameters by making n ensembles and provides the most probable arrival time and speed as well as their uncertainty intervals. An important input parameter for DBM and DBEM is the drag parameter γ, which depends on the CME cross-section and mass, as well as the solar-wind density. The reverse-modeling technique applied to the DBM allows us to derive γ values that minimize transit time (TT) and arrival-speed (v_tar) errors. The present study highlights the limitations and constraints of such a procedure. We searched for optimal γ values that would yield the perfect TT within one hour of the actual observed CME transit time as well as perfect v_tar within ±75 km,s^-1. This optimal window for v_tar was found by increasing v_tar from ±10 to ±100 km,s^-1, where the ±75 km,s^-1 window gave the perfect TT and v_tar in the case of 87% of CMEs compared to the ±10 km,s^-1 window, which was used in some previous reverse-modeling studies and gave optimal results for only 45% of the events from our CME list. For our analysis, a 31 CME-ICME pair sample is used from the period spanning 1997 to 2018. The reverse-modeling method is applied using the DBEMv3 tool for different γ ranges from 0.01 to 10 times km^-1. We tested whether and how the obtained optimal γ depends on the chosen γ range. By increasing the γ range, we find that the optimal γ converges to a certain value for two thirds of the analyzed events. The highly constrained γ ranges resulted in shifted and skewed γ distributions. By using the largest γ range (0.01--10 times 10^ km^-1), the medians of the optimal γ distributions are obtained for two thirds of the events in the common operational DBEMv3 range of 0.01--0.5 times 10^ km^-1. We also found that the important quantity in determining the range of γ distribution and ability to find an optimal γ is the difference between the CME launch speed and the solar-wind speed (v_0-w), which together with γ define the drag acceleration in the DBM. For small v_0-w differences (e.g., < 200 km,s^-1), the reverse modeling may not be the appropriate method to find the optimal γ due to large divergence of γ values found, which may additionally be caused by larger input uncertainties and physical model limitations in turn leading to inappropriate γ values.
Anisotropic diffusion of high-energy cosmic rays in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Gao Na-Na , Zhang Jian-Fu
Published: January 2025

Context. The origin of cosmic rays (CRs) and how they propagate remain unclear. Studying the propagation of CRs in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence can help to comprehend many open issues related to CR origin and the role of turbulent magnetic fields.

Aims. To comprehend the phenomenon of slow diffusion in the near-source region, we study the interactions of CRs with the ambient turbulent magnetic field to reveal their universal laws.

Methods. We numerically study the interactions of CRs with the ambient turbulent magnetic field, considering pulsar wind nebula as a general research case. Taking the magnetization parameter and turbulence spectral index as free parameters, together with radiative losses, we perform three group simulations to analyze the CR spectral, spatial distributions, and possible CR diffusion types.

Results. Our studies demonstrate that (1) CR energy density decays with both its effective radius and kinetic energy in the form of power-law distributions; (2) the morphology of the CR spatial distribution strongly depends on the properties of magnetic turbulence and the viewing angle; (3) CRs suffer a slow diffusion near the source and a fast or normal diffusion away from the source; (4) the existence of a power-law relationship between the averaged CR energy density and the magnetization parameter is independent of both CR energy and radiative losses; and (5) radiative losses can suppress CR anisotropic diffusion and soften the power-law distribution of CR energy density.

Conclusions. The distribution law established between turbulent magnetic fields and CRs presents an intrinsic property, providing a convenient way to understand complex astrophysical processes related to turbulence cascades.
ZF-UDS-7329: A relic galaxy in the early Universe
Authors: Hartmann Eduardo A. , Martín-Navarro Ignacio , Huertas-Company Marc , Benedetti João P. V. , Iglesias-Navarro Patricia , Vazdekis Alexandre , Montes Mireia
Published: January 2025

The formation time scales of quiescent galaxies can be estimated in two different ways: by their star formation history and by their chemistry. Previously, the methods yielded conflicting results, especially when considering α-enhanced objects. This is primarily due to the time resolution limitations of very old stellar populations, which prevent accurately constraining their star formation histories. We analysed the JWST observations of the extremely massive galaxy ZF-UDS-7329 at z ∼ 3.2 and show that the higher time resolution necessary to match the chemical formation time scales using stellar population synthesis can be achieved by studying galaxies at high redshift. We compare the massive galaxy to the well-known relic galaxy NGC 1277, arguing that ZF-UDS-7329 is an early Universe example of the cores of present-day massive elliptical galaxies or, if left untouched, a relic galaxy.
Antimicrobial and Physical Characteristics of Cassava Starch Biodegradable Film Enhanced with Citronella Extract
Authors: Wibowo Condro , Wijayanti Nur , Haryanti Pepita , Syerin Nabila Fitria , Fitrianti Annisa , Tien Dat Huynh
Published: January 2025

Plastic packaging has been reported to pose environmental concerns due to its non-biodegradability. Biodegradable films, derived from renewable resources, offer a promising alternative due to their biodegradability properties. In addition, antimicrobial active packaging, using natural ingredients can enhance food safety and extend shelf life. Citronella is well documented regarding its antimicrobial activity potentially serves as natural ingredient in the production of biodegradable films. This study aimed to investigate the effects of extract types and concentrations of citronella on physical, and antimicrobial properties of biodegradable films. Results indicate that citronella extract significantly enhanced the antimicrobial activity, biodegradability, and certain physical properties of biodegradable films. Moreover, extract types and concentrations influenced transparency, color parameters, and water vapor transmission rate. Higher extract concentrations led to increased antimicrobial inhibition but decreased transparency. These findings suggest that citronella extract-added cassava starch biodegradable film could offer a promising alternative to traditional plastic packaging toward improving environmental sustainability and food safety. Further research is required to optimize the formulation and scale-up production for practical application.
Elderly Self-Help Groups: A Community-Based Education and Peer Support Program for Hypertension Control, Supporting SDG 3 on Health and Well-being
Authors: Heni Kusumawardani Lita , Hasra Azera , Triyanto Endang , Iskandar Asep
Published: January 2025

The primary cause of death for people worldwide is hypertension. Heart disease, stroke, and even death can result from uncontrolled hypertension. Researchers are encouraged by this situation to create an integrated education model based on the Self-Help Group (SHG) method of instruction. This pressing global health issue aligns with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 3, which seeks to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. This study sought how community-based education and peer support, spearheaded by Eldery's SHG, could help manage hypertension. The design used a quasi-experiment design with quantitative research methods. The study's sample consisted of the elderly self-help group in Banyumas Regency, a rural district of Indonesia, in 2024. Sixty-eight respondents were gathered using a probability sampling technique combined with primary random sampling. This analysis included A control group in the quasi-experimental pre-post test paradigm. An SHG intervention was given for this investigation. The paired and independent t-tests were utilised in the analysis. According to the study's findings, the SHG significantly reduced older adults's blood pressure compliance for both the systole and diastole of their blood pressure (p = 0.004) and p = 0.003). The study's findings are anticipated to be used in community-based education and other subject areas.
The Nephroprotective Effect of Andrographis Paniculata Ethanol Extract Chitosan Nanoparticles on Vero cells
Authors: Wahyu Kurniawan Dhadhang , Nabilah  , Nuryanti  , Novrial Dody , Aries Nurulita Nunuk
Published: January 2025

Nephroprotective agents are substances that protect the kidneys from nephrotoxicity. Some nephroprotective agents are derived from medicinal plants. Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is one of the herbal plants known to have a nephroprotective effect. This study aims to determine the nephroprotective potential of chitosan-based ethanol extract nanoparticles of Andrographis paniculata on the Vero cell line. Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract nanoparticles were prepared using ionic gelation. These nanoparticles exhibited a viability percentage ranging from 97.251% to 107.258% at concentrations of 50-1000 ppm. In the acute protective test, Andrographis paniculata ethanol extract nanoparticles at a chitosan-based concentration of 500 ppm showed a protective ability of 3.26%. In the recovery test, they exhibited a recovery ability ranging from 4.35% to 21.01% at concentrations of 100-500 ppm, and in the chronic protection test, the recovery ability ranged from 5.01% to 14.24% at concentrations of 100-500 ppm. Chitosan-based ethanol extract nanoparticles of Andrographis paniculata are non-toxic and have nephroprotective abilities in both recovery and protection tests.
Prevalence and Determinants of Tuberculosis Mantoux Test on Children Under Five in Banyumas District
Authors: Sarwani Sri Rejeki Dwi , Pramatama Mars Wijayanti Siwi , Radi  , Solikhah  , Dorothy Avila Ell Lady
Published: January 2025

The incidence of children suffering from Tuberculosis (TB) is increasing. A history of contact between adult TB patients and children is an important factor in the transmission of Tuberculosis to children. This research aims to determine tuberculosis's prevalence and determinants in children under five in household contacts in the Banyumas District, Central Java. The design of this research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was children under 5 years of age (toddlers) in Banyumas Regency (District of South Purwokerto and Sumbang) in whose homes there were positive patient of tuberculosis and were willing to undergo a Mantoux test as many as 48 toddlers. Data collection was carried out using the Mantoux test and questionnaires. Data analysis using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. The prevalence of Tuberculosis among children under five is 270/1000. The most influential variable on the incidence of tuberculosis is health conditions (lumps in glands) with a
p-value of 0.009 OR = 83.204 and sleeping in the same room with TB patients (
p-value of 0.035 OR = 14.246). The results concluded that the risk factor of toddler tuberculosis in Banyumas Regency is health condition (lumps in glands) and sleeping in the same room.
Performance of Five Introduced Cabbage Varieties (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) Planted at the Highland of Pemalang Regency
Authors: Muntazul Ghiffar Hafidho , Rostaman Rostaman , Nurchasanah Siti , Faris Syaukany Rizza , Manoworn Chaiwat
Published: January 2025

Cabbage productivity in Indonesia has yet to reach its full potential, making the introduction of new cabbage varieties crucial to identifying those with specific advantages. This research aims to: (1) evaluate the adaptability of introduced cabbage varieties cultivated during the rainy season in Pemalang Regency, (2) compare genetic and phenotypic variations among these varieties, and (3) determine the heritability of key traits. The research was conducted in Gombong Village, Belik District, Pemalang Regency, at an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level on andosol soil from February 2023 to August 2024. Five introduced cabbage varieties—Omphalos, Tropicana, Kaelo, Saint, and Dolares—were tested, alongside comparison varieties Grand 11/Kubindo-1 and Green Nova. A randomized block design (RBD) was used, and quantitative data were analyzed with an F test (ANOVA) at a 5% error level, followed by a Dunnet test and genetic and phenotypic diversity estimates. Qualitative data were analyzed according to UPOV 2016 guidelines. Results showed that the introduced varieties had different adaptations, with high genetic diversity significantly influencing phenotypic traits. The heritability of each variety was relatively high, with genetic factors accounting for a larger share of variation in nine quantitative traits than environmental factors.
Innovative Approaches by Non-State Actors in Household Waste Management in Mrican Village: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Saputra Boni , Fajri Hidayatul , Renaldi Irvan , Pegi Andre Lofika , Halawa Historis Soterman , Syolendra Dwi Finna
Published: January 2025

Household waste management in residential areas often faces significant challenges due to limited resources and minimal government intervention. This research explores innovative approaches applied by non-state actors in household waste management in Mrican Village, highlighting the challenges and opportunities arising from the Bendhung Lepen Community initiative. Using a qualitative research method with a case study approach, data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis involving stakeholders such as community members, NGOs, and local government. This research emphasizes the urgency of implementing sustainable waste management practices in urban areas. The results of this study show that community-led waste management can be an innovation and a driver of neighborhood participation despite facing various obstacles, such as limited resources, community resistance, and weak collaboration with the local government. This study emphasizes the importance of the role of non-state actors in filling the void left by formal governance in waste management in residential areas. This research contributes significantly to the discussion on sustainable waste management in urban environments.
Green Policy-Based Sustainable Development through the Development of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes)
Authors: Febrina Rury , Marta Auradian , Amin Raja Muhammad , Hadi Sofyan , Ferlan Margina , Mento Meris Essio
Published: January 2025

This article is motivated by the innovation of the Siak District government through Regional Regulation No. 4 of 2022 concerning Siak Green District. Siak Green District is implemented based on the principles of a. justice; b. preservation and sustainability; c. participatory; d. local wisdom; e. good governance; and f. community welfare. In achieving the goals of green siak and sustainable development, one of them requires a strategy to optimize the role of village owned enterprises (BUMKam) in promoting the development of Green Siak in Siak District. The locus of this research is Pusako Subdistrict, based on the Siak Road Map Towards Green District, which is a conservation zone, food crop zone, plantation and forestry zone and regional settlement zone. The method used is qualitative with explorative type. The results showed that the management of BUMKam has not been optimal in supporting the green Siak policy as seen from the principle of cooperative, participatory, emancipative, transparent, and sustainable. in addition to the problem of corporate legality and developing businesses that have not been able to raise the potential of the village, and the products of village groups and communities based on Siak Green Policy.
Sustainable Forestry Policy: Indonesia’s Adaptation in Supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Amri Khairul , Ningrum Sinta
Published: January 2025

Indonesia, one of the countries with the most extensive tropical forests in the world, plays a crucial role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This research explores forestry policies that can be adopted in Indonesia to support the SDGs, particularly those related to sustainable forest management, climate change, and partnerships to achieve the goals. Using a qualitative approach, this research analyses existing forestry policies with a focus on implementation challenges at the local level and the interaction of global policies with socio-political dynamics at the regional level. The research findings indicate that adopting REDD+-based policies (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) can be a strategic step in supporting environmental sustainability. Still, its success highly depends on the support of various stakeholders at the local level. It is essential to have synergy between the government, indigenous communities, and the private sector to ensure inclusive and sustainable forest management. The alignment between policies and local culture, especially the traditional forest management practices that local communities have carried out for generations. This is necessary to address various challenges that arise in the field implementation of policies. Thus, an inclusive and collaborative approach to implementing forestry policies in Indonesia becomes a critical factor in supporting the achievement of the SDGs, particularly in sustainable forest management
Penta Helix in Realizing the Capacity for Social Innovation Development in Addressing Coastal Poverty
Authors: As’ari Hasim , Adianto Adianto , Hadi Ahmad , Adhayanto Oksep , Rahmawati Nanik , Nazaki Nazaki , Vani Resa Vio
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the role of the Penta Helix in developing social innovation to address poverty in the coastal areas of the Riau Islands. Using a qualitative research method with a case study approach, problem mapping and previous studies were conducted using VOS Viewer. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), and documentation, while the analysis used the Miles and Huberman method. The results show that high poverty rates in several coastal areas, such as Lingga Regency and Tanjung Pinang City, have led to social problems such as crime, social instability, and migration. Limited access to education, healthcare, and employment opportunities worsens the situation. Although empowerment programs have been implemented, their results remain limited. A collaborative innovation approach involving various stakeholders through the Penta Helix proves to be effective in creating more sustainable solutions to empower coastal communities. Cross-sector collaboration between the government, private sector, academia, and local communities is expected to improve welfare and reduce the impact of social disasters caused by poverty.
Integration of Environmental Policies in Sustainable Management of Mangrove Ecotourism
Authors: Nasution Mimin Sundari , Hussin Hanafi Bin , Rusli Zaili , Mayarni Maryani , Mashur Dadang , Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini , Ananda Fajriani
Published: January 2025

Mangrove ecotourism has significant potential for environmental protection while also helping the local economy, but its success is strongly dependent on the implementation of appropriate environmental policies. This study investigates how environmental policies are used in sustainable mangrove ecotourism management in Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency. This study takes a qualitative approach, collecting data through stakeholder interviews, documentation studies, and field observations to analyze the problems, tactics, and effects of environmental legislation on ecotourism development. These findings emphasize the value of a community-based approach to mangrove ecotourism development by striking a balance between environmental conservation and economic development. The findings indicate that, while environmental policies such as municipal legislation and ecosystem management plans exist, important obstacles include inefficient institutional coordination, insufficient resources, and low community participation. Better integration of environmental policy can help create a balance between mangrove conservation and long-term ecotourism growth. This paper provides policymakers and practitioners with insights and ideas for establishing and implementing environmental regulations that promote sustainable mangrove ecotourism, with the goal of enhancing ecotourism program success while maintaining mangrove ecosystems.
The Social Capital in The Disaster Mitigation of The Forest and The Peatland Fire in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province
Authors: Yesi Yesi , Jalil Ashaluddin , Ling Chan Kim , Asriwandari Hesti , Hidir Achmad , Sugiyanto Seger
Published: January 2025

The fires of the forest and the peatland are serious environmental threats. In addition to damaging ecosystems, these fires also cause extensive health, social, and economic impacts. In the middle of the mitigation efforts, the social capital plays an important role in strengthening the capacity of the local communities to prevent and deal with these disasters. This study aims to explore the role of the social capital in the forest and the peatland fire mitigation using a qualitative approach. The case study was implemented in Tanjung Belit Village, Bengkalis, involving in-depth interviews with the local stakeholders, such as the Disaster Care Community (MPB), the local communities, and the local government. The results of the study indicate that the social capital in the form of the trust, the shared norms, and the social networks are the key elements in driving the collective action and increasing the effectiveness of mitigation programs. The active involvement of local communities, the understanding of the local wisdom, and the synergy between actors are the main drivers of the prevention efforts success of the forest and the peatland fire. This study concludes that the strengthening social capital is an important strategy that must be prioritized in community-based disaster mitigation policies to achieve environmental sustainability.