bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The PSF smoothing effect on concentration-related parameters of high-redshift galaxies in HST and JWST
Authors: Wang Jia-Hui , Li Zhao-Yu , Zhuang Ming-Yang , Ho Luis C. , Lai Li-Min
Published: March 2024

Aims. We performed a comprehensive investigation of the PSF smoothing effect on the measurement of concentration-related parameters (C, Gini, and M20) of high-redshift galaxies in the HST and JWST surveys.

Methods. Our sample contains massive galaxies (109.5 M⊙ ≤ M* ≤ 1011.5 M⊙) from the CANDELS/EGS survey (at redshift 0 < z < 2), and the CEERS survey (at redshift 1 < z < 3). The non-parametric concentration-related parameters (R20, R80, C, Gini, and M20) and the model-dependent parameters (n and Re) of these galaxies were derived from Statmorph and GALFIT, respectively. The best-fit Sérsic index (n) derived from image modelling is generally robust against the PSF smoothing effect and can be used to describe the intrinsic light distribution of galaxies. On the other hand, the concentration-related parameters are significantly affected by the PSF smoothing effect since they are directly calculated from the pixels of galaxy images. We tried to evaluate the PSF smoothing effect by comparing the concentration-related parameters to the Sérsic index in both observations and mock images.

Results. We find that the concentration index is generally underestimated, especially for smaller galaxies with a higher Sérsic index (eventually converging to the concentration index of the PSF). However, galaxies with a lower Sérsic index (n ≤ 1) or larger relative size (Re/FWHM > 3) are less affected by the PSF smoothing effect. Tests with idealised mock images reveal that overestimating the measured R20/Re ratio leads to underestimating the concentration index C. Another commonly used concentration index C59, derived from R50 and R90 values, is less affected by the PSF. The Gini coefficient and the absolute M20 statistic also show a similar behaviour as the concentration index. Caution should be taken for the possible correction of the concentration-related parameters, where both the relative size and the Sérsic index of the galaxy are important. We also generated high-redshift artificial images from the low-redshift HST observations and confirm that the traditional correction method that simply adds a single term to the non-parametric indicators of galaxies at higher redshifts is unable to reliably recover the true distribution of the structural parameters. Compared to the HST images, the PSF smoothing is much less severe for images in the CEERS survey (for the short-wavelength filters) due to the much higher spatial resolution. In fact, it is better to use the Sérsic index rather than the non-parametric morphology indicators to trace the light concentration for galaxies at high redshifts. From the single Sérsic modelling of the HST and JWST images, we also confirm that galaxies at higher redshifts are more compact with smaller Re. The low-mass galaxies are more disc-like (n ∼ 1) compared to the high-mass galaxies that are more spheroid dominated (n ∼ 3).
Wind farm noise prediction and auralization
Authors: Bresciani Andrea P. C. , Maillard Julien , Finez Arthur
Published: March 2024

This work presents the application and validation of a novel auralization approach for the evaluation of wind turbine noise annoyance under diverse conditions. The approach is based on the decomposition of each turbine blade into elementary short-segment sources, whose acoustic radiation in the far field is obtained by coupling Amiet’s emission model with the Harmonoise engineering model for outdoor sound propagation. The transfer functions between the elementary source positions and receivers are obtained. Then, the average and instantaneous sound pressure levels are calculated over one blade rotation. The realism of the audio signals is evaluated through listening tests with audio signals of the real and simulated environments. The predicted noise spectra from five wind turbines capture well the measured trends and the absolute levels. Finally, we present a study of the weather effects on noise emissions and propagation by using the numerical model developed.
Sequences from Fibonacci to Catalan: A combinatorial interpretationviaDyck paths
Authors: Barcucci Elena , Bernini Antonio , Pinzani Renzo
Published: March 2024

We use Dyck paths having some restrictions in order to give a combinatorial interpretation for some famous number sequences. Starting from the Fibonacci numbers we show how thek-generalized Fibonacci numbers, the powers of 2, the Pell numbers, thek-generalized Pell numbers and the even-indexed Fibonacci numbers can be obtained by means of constraints on the number of consecutive valleys (at a given height) of the Dyck paths. By acting on the maximum height of the paths we get a succession of number sequences whose limit is the sequence of Catalan numbers. For these numbers we obtain a family of interesting relations including afull historyrecurrence relation. The whole study can be accomplished also by involving particular sets of stringsviaa simple encoding of Dyck paths.
Pyroelectric energy harvesting optimization using PU-xPZT composite
Authors: Tabbai Yassine , Abdelkader Rjafallah , Mortadi Abdelhadi , Boukhlifi Adil , Belhora Fouad , El Moznine Reddad , El Ballouti Abdessamad
Published: March 2024

Energy harvesting is a very promising area for clean energy production, especially for unused and wasted energy sources such as thermal energy. Therefore, a pyroelectric PU-xPZT material is implemented to convert waste heat into electricity to make low-energy devices autonomous and contribute to sustainable development. The goal of this contribution is to present the relevant methods of thermal energy harvesting using the pyroelectric PU-xPZT composite, where x = 10%, 20% and 30% and to optimize this energy in order to make the systems autonomous from the energy point of view. In this regard, an experimental setup was carried out to polarize and characterize PU-xPZT, and evaluate the energy harvested by the PU-xPZT composite. The investigation results obtained from the pyroelectric PU-xPZT composite have demonstrated an excellent capacity to convert thermal to electrical energy. With this original concept, the power harvested is about 14.00 μW. Furthermore, using the (SSHI) technique, the greatest harvested power increases by 50% for the PU-30PZT composite (21.5 μW). Therefore, this energy type is acknowledged as the most readily accessible ambient energy source, facilitating a considerable amount of harvested energy based on the intended application.
Evolution and process analysis of the hearth activity in hydrogen-rich blast furnace
Authors: Gao Yanjia , Deng Yong , Liu Ran , Yao Kuo , Wang Laixin
Published: March 2024

Blast furnace (BF) hydrogen-rich smelting is an important way for the green and low-carbon development of iron and steel industry. The injection volume of hydrogen-rich gas is limited due to the need for hearth activity, which is related to the stable and smooth operation of BF. In this study, the change of coke properties after hydrogen-rich smelting was summarized, the detailed evolution process of hearth activity after hydrogen-rich smelting was analyzed. The results show that: the pores on the surface of coke are enlarged after hydrogen-rich smelting. The gasification rate of coke with H2O is significantly higher than that of CO2 due to the lower activation energy and smaller molecular diameters of H2O and H2. The interlayer spacing of coke decreases and the stacking height further increases rapidly, the degree of coke graphitization is the highest after hydrogen-rich smelting. The weakening of carbon anisotropy is the fundamental reason for the increase in the degree of graphitization of coke. The strong gasification reaction causes the coke to lose a lot of carbon, and its matrix becomes loose and incomplete, so the strength after reaction decreases sharply. The wetting model is established to analyze changes in wettability. The rough surface of coke improves the wettability between slag iron and coke at high temperature. The good wettability makes it easier for slag iron to adhere to the surface of coke. The smoothness of slag iron passing through coke is reduced, the retention amount of liquid slag iron in coke layer increases. It leads to a decrease in hearth activity, the stable and smooth operation of BF is difficult to guarantee. This is the main issue limiting the injection volume of hydrogen-rich gas in BF.
Ganz-Exom-Sequenzierung zur Bestimmung zielgerichteter Therapien für Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom – eine Machbarkeitsstudie
Authors: Jaeger Bernadette Anna Sophia , Krawczyk Natalia , Japp Anna Sophia , Honisch Ellen , Köhrer Karl , Scheuring Sibylle , Petzsch Patrick , Neubauer Hans , Volkmer Anne Kathrin , Esposito Irene , Ruckhäberle Eugen , Niederacher Dieter , Fehm Tanja
Published: March 2024

Einleitung Ziel dieser Machbarkeitsstudie war es, zielgerichtete Therapien entsprechend der ESCAT-Skala (ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets) zu bestimmen. Für die Interpretation der Daten wurde eine browserbasierte Plattform zur Entscheidungsfindung (MH Guide, Molecular Health, Heidelberg, Germany) eingesetzt.

Patientinnen Es wurde eine Exomsequenzierung von Tumorgewebe und peripherem Blut von Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom (n = 44) durchgeführt, um somatische sowie Keimbahnmutationen zu identifizieren.

Ergebnisse Bei 32 Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom konnte eine Dateninterpretation durchgeführt werden. Es wurden 25 genomische Veränderungen (ESCAT-Evidenzstufe I oder II) bei 18/32 Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom identifiziert und abschließend ausgewertet: Darunter fanden sich 3 Fälle mit erhöhter Kopienzahl bei HER2, 2 gBRCA1-, 2 gBRCA2-, 6 PIK3CA-, 1 ESR1-, 3 PTEN-, 1 AKT1- und 2 HER2-Mutationen. Dazu kamen noch 5 Proben, die eine hochgradige Mikrosatelliten-Instabilität aufwiesen.

Schlussfolgerung Die daraus abzuleitenden Behandlungsoptionen wurden in einer Tumorkonferenz diskutiert und dann einer kleinen, aber relevanten Anzahl von Patientinnen mit metastasiertem Mammakarzinom (7/18) empfohlen. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit stellt eine wertvolle Machbarkeitsstudie dar, die dazu beitragen kann, molekulare Tumorboards innerhalb des Deutschen Netzwerks für Personalisierte Medizin zu etablieren. Ziel ist, die für Analysen benötigte Zeit zu verkürzen und die Wahl zielgerichteter Therapien zu optimieren.
Brustimplantatassoziierte Tumoren
Authors: von Fritschen Uwe , Kremer Thomas , Prantl Lukas , Fricke Alba
Published: March 2024

Zusätzlich zu dem anaplastischen großzelligen T-Zell-Lymphom (BIA-ALCL) werden seit
einigen Jahren weitere Tumoren im Zusammenhang mit Implantaten beschrieben. Sehr selten traten
Plattenepithelkarzinome (SSC) und B-Zell-Lymphome auf. Die ungeklärte Pathogenese sowie das
unklare individuelle Risikoprofil bringen eine anhaltende Verunsicherung von Patienten und
Ärzten mit sich. Während das BIA-ALCL gehäuft im Zusammenhang mit texturierten
Brustimplantaten auftritt, wurden die anderen Tumoren auch bei glattwandiger Textur und
anderen Implantatlokalisationen beobachtet. Multiple potenzielle Mechanismen werden
diskutiert. Eine vermutlich multifaktorielle Genese, die zu einer chronischen
Entzündungsreaktion mit konsekutiver Immunstimulation führt, scheint eine Schlüsselrolle bei
der malignen Transformation zu spielen. Für eine spezifische Risikobewertung liegen bisher
keine ausreichend validen Daten vor, weshalb diese zurückhaltend erfolgen muss. Dargestellt
werden Inzidenz, Pathogenese und Evidenzlevel des aktuellen Wissensstands sowie eine Bewertung
und Diskussion der aktuellen Literatur.
Whitepaper: Weiterbildung in der bildgebenden und interventionellen Mammadiagnostik
Authors: Sauer Stephanie Tina , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Wenkel Evelyn , Wujciak Detlef , Platz Batista da Silva Natascha , Landwehr Peter
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Die Mammadiagnostik stellt einen integralen Bestandteil der Radiologie dar und unterliegt strengen Qualitätskontrollen. Dabei ist eine präzise Diagnostik durch multimodale Befunderhebung mittels Mammografie, Sonografie und MRT unter Einschluss bildgestützter Biopsie- und Markierungsverfahren oftmals entscheidend und muss durch Expert:innen mit Kenntnissen und Fertigkeiten in allen diesen Verfahren zusammengeführt werden. Aufgrund zahlreicher Veränderungen der Versorgungsstrukturen ist die Mammadiagnostik jedoch zunehmend in Richtung großer, spezialisierter Zentren verlagert worden, wodurch Engpässe im Rahmen der Weiterbildung in der Erlangung von Fallzahlen in der Breite der Weiterbildungsstätten entstehen. Das vorgelegte Whitepaper fasst zunächst die Rahmenbedingungen zusammen und stellt Positionen der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften dar.

Methode Unter Leitung der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft (DRG) wurden mit Beteiligung von Vertreter:innen der AG Mammadiagnostik der DRG, des CAFRAD (Chefarztforum Radiologie), der KLR (Konferenz der Lehrstuhlinhaber für Radiologie e. V.), des Forum Junge Radiologie (FJR) der DRG und des Berufsverband der Deutschen Radiologen e. V. (BDR) Lösungsansätze diskutiert und konsentiert, die in Zukunft für die Weiterbildung in der Mammadiagnostik bedeutend sein werden.

Ergebnisse Neben der etablierten Weiterbildung an der primären Weiterbildungsstätte soll durch flexible einrichtungs-, fachdisziplin- und sektorenüberschreitende Weiterbildungskooperationen sowie Integration von Fallsammlungen und engerer Zusammenarbeit von Weiterbildungsstätten mit Brustzentren und Mammografiescreening-Einheiten eine qualifizierte Weiterbildung sichergestellt werden. Unverzichtbar ist, dass Kurse und Fallsammlungen in Kooperation mit den wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften und in Einklang mit deren Standards erstellt werden, insbesondere wenn die Bearbeitung solcher Fallsammlungen anteilig auf die Weiterbildung angerechnet werden soll. Der Schwerpunkt der Weiterbildung muss weiterhin in der Patientenversorgung erfolgen. Maximal ein Drittel der in der Muster-Weiterbildungsordnung (M-WBO) geforderten Fälle sollen durch ein Training anhand einer zertifizierten Fallsammlung möglich sein.

Schlussfolgerungen Um die Weiterbildung in der Mammadiagnostik weiterhin auf hohem fachlichem Niveau zu gewährleisten, ist ein Paradigmenwechsel mit einer engeren Zusammenarbeit aller Beteiligten sowie Offenheit von Landesärztekammern und Fachgesellschaften für neue Weiterbildungskonzepte notwendig.

Kernaussagen: 

Zitierweise
Methodology for Robotic In Vitro Testing of the Knee
Authors: Colbrunn Robb William , Loss Jeremy Granieri , Gillespie Callan Michael , Pace Elizabeth Bailey , Nagle Tara Francesca
Published: March 2024

The knee joint plays a pivotal role in mobility and stability during ambulatory and standing activities of daily living (ADL). Increased incidence of knee joint pathologies and resulting surgeries has led to a growing need to understand the kinematics and kinetics of the knee. In vivo, in silico, and in vitro testing domains provide researchers different avenues to explore the effects of surgical interactions on the knee. Recent hardware and software advancements have increased the flexibility of in vitro testing, opening further opportunities to answer clinical questions. This paper describes best practices for conducting in vitro knee biomechanical testing by providing guidelines for future research. Prior to beginning an in vitro knee study, the clinical question must be identified by the research and clinical teams to determine if in vitro testing is necessary to answer the question and serve as the gold standard for problem resolution. After determining the clinical question, a series of questions (What surgical or experimental conditions should be varied to answer the clinical question, what measurements are needed for each surgical or experimental condition, what loading conditions will generate the desired measurements, and do the loading conditions require muscle actuation?) must be discussed to help dictate the type of hardware and software necessary to adequately answer the clinical question. Hardware (type of robot, load cell, actuators, fixtures, motion capture, ancillary sensors) and software (type of coordinate systems used for kinematics and kinetics, type of control) can then be acquired to create a testing system tailored to the desired testing conditions. Study design and verification steps should be decided upon prior to testing to maintain the accuracy of the collected data. Collected data should be reported with any supplementary metrics (RMS error, dynamic statistics) that help illuminate the reported results. An example study comparing two different anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques is provided to demonstrate the application of these guidelines. Adoption of these guidelines may allow for better interlaboratory result comparison to improve clinical outcomes.
Alopecia Areata Treated with Homoeopathic Preparation of Phosphorus: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports
Authors: Srivastava Amit , Ningthoujam Gouri Devi , Bala Renu
Published: March 2024

Alopecia areata (AA) is a type of non-scarring, autoimmune hair loss on the scalp or body characterised by solitary or multiple bald patches. In modern medicine, treatment is mainly in the form of corticosteroids. Homoeopathy provides a better response by framing the totality and choosing the medicine based on symptom similarity. The presented case reports evaluated the utility of individualised homoeopathic treatment on AA with evidence-based assessment. The two cases were prescribed individualised homoeopathic medicine and followed for more than 1 year. The cases were assessed by Severity Alopecia Tool (SALT) score, Measure Yourself Medical Outcome Profile 2 (MYMOP2) and periodic photographic evidence. Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homoeopathy (MONARCH) was used to assess the clinical outcome's causal attribution to the prescribed homoeopathic medicine. Both patients were given Phosphorus in centesimal potency resulting in a complete cure with a full growth of hair and without further relapse of symptoms. SALT score reduced from 24.04 to 0% in case 1 and 8.4 to 0% in case 2 after 18 months of treatment. MYMOP2 profile score declined from 3.5 to 0 in case 1 and 5.5 to 0 in case 2. The physician assessed the MONARCH score as +09 and +10 for cases 1 and 2, signifying strong causal attribution to Phosphorus prescribed in both cases. Individualised homoeopathic treatment caused improvement in AA along with general well-being. Systematic research with a larger sample size would be required to confirm observations of these two cases.
Clinical Profile of Male Patients Presenting with Breast Cancer in Kashmir Valley
Authors: Wani Ulfat Ara , Jeelani Umeek , Wani Basharat Ara , Nasreen Shahida
Published: March 2024

Introduction Breast cancer is a rare disease in males with unknown etiology and variable rate of incidence among different ethnic and geographical groups.

Objectives This article studies the clinical profile of male breast cancer in Kashmir Valley of India

Materials and Methods This study was a retrospective study conducted at a superspecialty hospital (Government Medical College Srinagar) in the department of medical oncology over a period of 4 years from January 2017 to October 2021. All male patients who presented with a histopathology-proven diagnosis of breast cancer were included and studied.

Results A total of 8 male patients with breast cancer were studied. The median age at diagnosis was 55 years. Most of the patients were from rural background. The most common presenting symptom was breast lump followed by ulceration. The most common location of the tumor was retroareolar. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (100%) was the only subtype present in our patients. Locally advanced disease accounted for most of the cases. Among stage IV patients two had bone as the metastatic site and one patient had in addition lung metastasis. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that all patients (100%) were hormone receptor positive with only one patient being triple positive (12.5%). None of the patients had triple negative disease in our study. In our study 6 patients were treated with multimodalities (surgery, chemo, radiation, and targeted agents).

Conclusion Male breast cancer is a well-recognized entity and the gender gap of disease need to be abolished. Awareness among masses and training of general practitioners is needed to pick cases at early stage.
3.2.1.3 Chemical Ligation/Encoding
Authors: Keefe A. D. , Litovchick A.
Published: March 2024

In order to generate a library of DNA-encoded chemical compounds it is necessary to covalently attach multiple encoding tracts of DNA to each compound. The most widely practiced methodology to achieve this utilizes the enzymatic ligation of 5'-monophosphate oligodeoxynucleotide tags to 3'-hydroxyl oligodeoxynucleotide tags, typically with recombinant T4 DNA Ligase. This approach can be challenging owing to the inherent incompatibility of conditions supporting the enzymatic activity of T4 DNA Ligase with the specific conditions that are required for each chemical synthesis step. An alternative approach (pioneered at X-Chem) is to use non-enzymatic chemistry to join oligonucleotides together in a manner that supports downstream applications such as the generation of wild-type complementary DNA (cDNA), which can in turn be used as a template for PCR to support subsequent cloning and sequencing. A range of different chemistries may be used to support these processes, each paired with a specific molecular biological strategy to support the generation of cDNA.
3.2.3.1 Macrocyclic DELs
Authors: Gillingham D. , Sauter B.
Published: March 2024

Although biologically active macrocycles are commonly found in natural products, these complex structures have not been utilized as often in man-made drugs. DNA-encoded libraries offer the opportunity to create large libraries of macrocycles for testing, without the need to invest large quantities of time and resources into the chemical synthesis of individual compounds. This chapter provides an overview of the major strategies developed by DEL practitioners in creating macrocycle libraries. An introduction to the field is followed by sections focused on specific DEL-synthesis campaigns where each individual strategy was used.
4.4 Selections of DNA-Encoded Libraries to Protein Targets within Living Cells
Authors: Cai B. , Krusemark C. J.
Published: March 2024

Selections of DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) have been largely limited to biochemically pure proteins that are immobilized on solid supports. This excludes many targets that cannot be purified or reconstituted biochemically in a fully active form. This chapter describes a method for the selection of DEL ligands against proteins within live cells. The approach relies on appending a cyclic cell-penetrating peptide to the DNA construct to deliver DELs across the cell membrane into the cytoplasm of live cells. Once inside the cell, affinity crosslinking is used to covalently trap protein–ligand interactions. The DEL ligands are isolated by subsequent purification of the target protein. This approach has demonstrated potential in selecting focused libraries against cytosolic targets that are challenging to express and purify.
4.1 Selections by Affinity Capture on Solid Support
Authors: Gloger A. , Scheuermann J.
Published: March 2024

DNA-encoded library (DEL) selection is the crucial step of separating DEL members with the desired binding properties for a protein target from the vast majority of DEL members that do not bind. This chapter focuses on what could be described as “classical DEL selections”: affinity-based selections of in-solution DELs against single, purified target proteins, which represent the vast majority of DEL selections now performed in industry and academia. This review discusses the pros and cons of key parameters for successful selections: the solid support used for immobilization of the protein targets, the affinity tags, and the input amount of DEL required, and includes representative experimental procedures for DEL selections on solid supports.
Intergenerational protective anti-gut commensal immunoglobulin G originates in early life
Authors: Rusconi Brigida , Bard Adina K. , McDonough Ryan , Kindsvogel Angel M. , Wang Jacqueline D. , Udayan Sreeram , McDonald Keely G. , Newberry Rodney D. , Tarr Phillip I.
Published: March 2024

Maternal immunoglobulins of the class G (IgGs) protect offspring from enteric infection, but when, where, and how these antibodies are physiologically generated and confer protection remains enigmatic. We found that circulating IgGs in adult mice preferentially bind early-life gut commensal bacteria over their own adult gut commensal bacteria. IgG-secreting plasma cells specific for early-life gut bacteria appear in the intestine soon after weaning, where they remain into adulthood. Manipulating exposure to gut bacteria or plasma cell development before, but not after, weaning reduced IgG-secreting plasma cells targeting early-life gut bacteria throughout life. Further, the development of this anti-gut commensal IgG response coincides with the early-life interval in which goblet cell–associated antigen passages (GAPs) are present in the colon. Offspring of dams “perturbed” by B cell ablation or reduced bacterial exposure in early life were more susceptible to enteric pathogen challenge. In contrast to current concepts, protective maternal IgGs targeted translocating gut commensals in the offspring, not the enteric pathogen. These early-life events affecting anti-commensal IgG production have intergenerational effects for protection of the offspring.
词汇多义性和句法连续性
Authors: Li Fuqiang
Published: March 2024

本研究通过梳理汉语中具有较高使用频率的“有”在共时和历时层面、口语和书面语中的使用情况，发现“有”可以跟多种语类范畴共现，构成新的句法成分，占据不同的句法层级，获得不同的语义或语用解读。在共时上，语料涉及普通话和六种典型方言中“有”的语义或语用解读和功能表现，在历时上比较了现代汉语和古代汉语中“有”的词汇多义性。本研究以“有”的词汇多义性为出发点，采用生成语法视角描绘了不同语义或语用解读的“有”的句法层级高低，展示了“有”的句法连续性，同时为汉语词汇语法化过程提供了语义和句法视角下的证据。
Fluctuations des émotions éprouvées par des apprenants débutants dans cinq cours de Français Langue
Etrangère
Authors: Guedat-Bittighoffer Delphine , Dewaele Jean-Marc
Published: March 2024

Cette étude de cas multiples vise à identifier les fluctuations des émotions de sept apprenants débutants dans
cinq cours successifs de Français langue étrangère (FLE) en contexte universitaire. L’enseignant a utilisé une méthode
d’apprentissage des langues axée sur l’engagement émotionnel des interlocuteurs (enseignant et apprenants) pendant les
interactions orales. Les apprenants, par le truchement d’un questionnaire portant sur trois émotions
(l’enjoyment, l’anxiété et l’ennui), déclarent ce qu’ils ont ressenti juste après les cours. L’originalité de la
présente étude réside dans l’approche longitudinale sur une période courte, la combinaison de données quantitatives et
qualitatives d’un petit groupe d’apprenants débutants, auxquelles s’ajoutent des observations directes en classe et un entretien
semi-directif avec le professeur, qui permettent de mieux comprendre les causes des fluctuations.
Variation in the use of the partitive pronoun ER in regional (Heerlen) standard Dutch
Authors: Cornips Leonie , Sleeman Petra
Published: March 2024

This paper focuses on the variable use of partitive er in two types of constructions. First,
er combined with cardinal numbers like drie ‘three’ and quantifiers like
genoeg ‘enough’. Second, er combined with an elliptical noun referring to
age and weight. Er should be present in the first case (Ik heb *(er) drie
‘I have three’) but absent in the second case (Hij is (*er) tachtig ‘He is eighty’), according to normative Dutch
grammars.

The spontaneous spoken speech of 67 speakers born and raised in Heerlen, in the southeast of the Netherlands was
analyzed, investigating the use of er also according to social distribution: language background,
education/occupation and age.

The results show that er is used variably in the two types of constructions. It was found that
younger speakers differ in some contexts from older speakers, suggesting that language change is going on, possibly under the
influence of standard Dutch.
Features of translation policies on the Chinese mainland (1979–2021)
Authors: Zhang Huiyu , Zhang Hailing , Shi Yayu , Chen Yueyu
Published: March 2024

This research presents a new classification of translation policy by referring to Baldauf’s (2006) framework of language planning. It constructs a policy database containing 363 policy
documents issued on the Chinese mainland from 1979 to 2021, and analyzes the features of each policy category by integrating
corpus analysis with text analysis. It is revealed that policy documents on translation education aim to train professional
translators with standard national tests and postgraduate programs; policy documents on translation profession are committed to
improving the professional title system for translators and interpreters; policy documents on translation standardization are
supported by national standards and cover various stakeholders and fields; and policy documents on official translation projects
aim to disseminate Chinese culture, provide language services for international events, and organize minority language
translation. With these findings, this study contributes to research on translation policy with new knowledge about China and a
novel perspective, classification, and approach.
Correlation of microstructure with thermal and tensile creep properties of novel Sn-5Sb-0.5Cu alloy reinforced with Co particles for soldering applications
Authors: Mousa M M , Sobhy M , Mahmoud M A
Published: March 2024

The present research examined how cobalt microalloying additions of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 weight percent affected the microstructural properties, thermal features, and tensile creep characteristics of eutectic Sn-5 wt% Sb- 0.5 wt% Cu (SSC) lead-free solder alloy. According to the results, cobalt additions of 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 wt% did not affect SbSn phase but significantly refined β-Sn grains, facilitating the formation of fine fibers (Cu,Co)6Sn5 together with plate-like CoSn3 phases, and preventing the formation of Cu6Sn5 phases. Furthermore, a large amount of cobalt (1 wt%) addition accumulated in the coarsening of the CoSn3 phase. Additions of 0.25 wt% Co, 0.75 wt% Co, and 1 wt% Co did not affect the melting temperatures, but pasty ranges had been slightly lowered, which may enhance the thermal characteristics. Addition of 0.5 wt% Co had unfavorable effects on both melting point and pasty range. This has significant effects on solder reliability and electronic service performance. In terms of creep behavior, the SSC-0.75 wt% Co specimens displayed the highest creep resistance because of the fine dispersion of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and extended the creep-rupture life to a level that is 3.0 times greater than the SSC baseline. Lower creep resistance was observed in SSC-0.25 wt% Co specimens, which was mostly due to the smaller volume fraction of the precipitate phases and the absence of the CoSn3 phase. Depending on the determined stress exponents and activation energies, it is suggested that the dominant deformation mechanism in SSC-xCo solders is the dislocation climb controlled by short-circuit pipe diffusion across the whole temperature range that was examined.
A novel feature selection method based on quantum support vector machine
Authors: Wang Haiyan
Published: March 2024

Feature selection is critical in machine learning to reduce dimensionality and improve model accuracy and efficiency. The exponential growth in feature space dimensionality for modern datasets directly results in ambiguous samples and redundant features, which can severely degrade classification accuracy. Quantum machine learning offers potential advantages for addressing this challenge. In this paper, we propose a novel method, quantum support vector machine feature selection (QSVMF), integrating quantum support vector machines with multi-objective genetic algorithm. QSVMF optimizes multiple simultaneous objectives: maximizing classification accuracy, minimizing selected features and quantum circuit costs, and reducing feature covariance. We apply QSVMF for feature selection on a breast cancer dataset, comparing the performance of QSVMF against classical approaches with the selected features. Experimental results show that QSVMF achieves superior performance. Furthermore, the Pareto front solutions of QSVMF enable analysis of accuracy versus feature set size trade-offs, identifying extremely sparse yet accurate feature subsets. We contextualize the biological relevance of the selected features in terms of known breast cancer biomarkers. This work highlights the potential of quantum-based feature selection to enhance machine learning efficiency and performance on complex real-world data.
Understanding earthquake precursors: from subcritical instabilities to catastrophic events
Authors: Regenauer-Lieb Klaus , Hu Manman
Published: March 2024

The collapse of man-made and natural structures is a complex phenomenon that has been studied for centuries. Existing models often focus on a ‘critical point’ where failure becomes imminent. This work presents a radically different perspective: large earthquakes may not arise from critical states, but instead develop dynamically from the subcritical regime as rare, extreme events. Our approach hinges on an extension of Onsager’s reciprocal theorem, allowing us to delve into this subcritical realm. We demonstrate that within such a regime, excitable systems, like those underlying earthquakes, are dynamically renormalised towards a nonlocal equilibrium. For these systems, the maximum entropy production of at least two interacting phases is used to replace the local equilibrium assumption for the subcritical state. Typically, dissipative processes at larger scales arrest these self-amplifying feedbacks. However, in rare instances, they can morph into intricate tensor networks of instabilities that ripple from microscopic scales to the entire system, culminating in an extreme event like a catastrophic earthquake. This novel framework offers a potentially deeper understanding of earthquake precursors and paves the way for exploring earthquake prediction based on the statistics of subcritical dynamics.
Irreversibility estimation in triply stratified bio-marangoni convection in powell-eyring nanofluid under the influence of external flow
Authors: Das Debabrata , Shaw Sachin , Raj Kairi Rishi
Published: March 2024

Due to the growing importance of bioconvection phenomena in diverse industrial processes such as oil refining, biotechnology, and food processing, it is essential to examine several effects like a chemical reaction, stratification, Marangoni convection, etc in nanofluid suspensions in the context of transport of microorganisms. The outcome of such studies may provide significant insight into controlling and as well as manipulating the transport of energy, solute, and microorganisms for achieving the requisite target. The aim of our study is to investigate the thermo-solutal Marangoni convection of gyrotactic microorganisms suspended in Powell-Eyring nanofluid in a stratified medium. This analysis also takes into account the effects of external flow and transverse magnetic field. The impact of Arrhenius activation energy, thermal radiation, and binary chemical reactions on bioconvection flow is considered under stratified Marangoni convection. Under appropriate assumptions without violating the physics, the present problem is expressed in terms of nonlinear PDEs. Some capable similarity transformations are employed to convert the PDEs into ODEs and solved numerically by the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The graphical illustrations depict the effects of relevant flow parameters on temperature, nanoparticle volume fraction, and density distributions of motile microorganisms. The study focuses on understanding the variations in significant engineering quantities resulting from changes in crucial effects and analyzing irreversibilities. It is noticed that Marangoni accelerates the mass transfer process while on the other hand delaying the heat transfer and microorganisms density gradient. The dominance of Powell-Eyring nanofluid on the heat and mass transport amplified in accompanying Marangoni convection. The results indicate that the Eyring-Powell fluid significantly reduces entropy generation and the Bejan number. Conversely, an increase in entropy generation is observed for the Marangoni ratio parameter. Hence, this work provides insight into interlinked flow in bioconvective systems, with potential diverse applications in microbiological processes.
Unraveling the origin of the Griffiths phase in Ho2NiMnO6: perspectives from linear and nonlinear AC susceptibility
Authors: Chakraborty Tirthankar , Sharma Nikita , Elizabeth Suja
Published: March 2024

In this study, we investigated the magnetic ordering and underlying mechanism of the Griffiths phase, observed in Ho2NiMnO6 through AC susceptibility measurements. Our results indicate that the transition around 86 K corresponds to a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition characterized by classical magnetic ordering. Notably, nonlinear AC susceptibility measurements revealed the existence of ferromagnetic clusters within a paramagnetic background well above the transition temperature, establishing this as the origin of the Griffiths-like phase within the Ni/Mn sublattice of Ho2NiMnO6. Our study on the Ho2NiMnO6 system provides insight into the intricate magnetic phenomena common to various other strongly correlated electron systems.
Ti3C2TxMXene modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode for electrochemical sensing of bilirubin based on a molecularly imprinted pyrrole polymer
Authors: Manoj  , Ghrera Aditya Sharma
Published: March 2024

In this study for the first time we are developing Ti3C2TxMXene-based molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor for the detection of bilirubin (BR). Firstly, Ti3C2TxMXene is synthesized by chemical etching and deposited at the ITO electrode surface by drop casting. After that, pyrrole as a monomer is electropolymerized in the presence of a sodium acetate buffer solution containing the BR template to prepare a BR-imprinted electrode. The modification of ITO electrode with Ti3C2TxMXene has not only imparted binding properties to the substrate that are very important for MIP formation but has also rendered excellent electrochemical characteristics to the electrode as monitored by CV, DPV, and EIS techniques. The sensing studies have been performed with synthetic samples that reveal the potential of prepared molecular imprinted electrochemical sensors toward BR detection. The linearity range, limit of detection, and limit of quantification are calculated as 10 μM to 90 μM, 0.197 μM and 0.598 μM, respectively. Selectivity, stability, and reproducibility are also reported for the prepared MIP sensor.
Thermodynamics of harmonic oscillator with minimal length
Authors: Koffa D J , Ibrahim T T , Omonile J F , Oladimeji E O , Gwani M M , Edogbanya H O
Published: March 2024

The generalized uncertainty principle has been applied to the Schrödinger wave equation for a one-dimensional harmonic oscillator to generate a sixth-order generalized Schrödinger equation in the position representation. The energy eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the sixth-order equation have been obtained. The results show the approximate correction terms of the energies due to the modified uncertainty principle. The quantum partition functions derived from the energy eigenvalue have also been used to study the thermodynamic properties of the system. The results suggest a lower bound for the minimal length equivalent to the thermal wavelength of the oscillator at very high temperature.
Electrode sharpness and insertion speed reduce tissue damage near high-density penetrating arrays
Authors: McNamara Ingrid N , Wellman Steven M , Li Lehong , Eles James R , Savya Sajishnu , Sohal Harbaljit S , Angle Matthew R , Kozai Takashi D Y
Published: March 2024

Objective. Over the past decade, neural electrodes have played a crucial role in bridging biological tissues with electronic and robotic devices. This study focuses on evaluating the optimal tip profile and insertion speed for effectively implanting Paradromics’ high-density fine microwire arrays (FμA) prototypes into the primary visual cortex (V1) of mice and rats, addressing the challenges associated with the ‘bed-of-nails’ effect and tissue dimpling. Approach. Tissue response was assessed by investigating the impact of electrodes on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cellular damage, with a specific emphasis on tailored insertion strategies to minimize tissue disruption during electrode implantation. Main results. Electro-sharpened arrays demonstrated a marked reduction in cellular damage within 50 μm of the electrode tip compared to blunt and angled arrays. Histological analysis revealed that slow insertion speeds led to greater BBB compromise than fast and pneumatic methods. Successful single-unit recordings validated the efficacy of the optimized electro-sharpened arrays in capturing neural activity. Significance. These findings underscore the critical role of tailored insertion strategies in minimizing tissue damage during electrode implantation, highlighting the suitability of electro-sharpened arrays for long-term implant applications. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexities associated with high-channel-count microelectrode array implantation, emphasizing the importance of meticulous assessment and optimization of key parameters for effective integration and minimal tissue disruption. By elucidating the interplay between insertion parameters and tissue response, our study lays a strong foundation for the development of advanced implantable devices with a reduction in reactive gliosis and improved performance in neural recording applications.
Globe valve in single phase flow: experimental and CFD analysis
Authors: Salanon Rémi , Ancian Loïc , Fazail Najib , Souprayen Claude
Published: March 2024

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) poses risks to engineering systems, prompting efforts for safety. Valves, crucial for fluid control, can induce turbulence-related mechanical loads, leading to vibration and potential failures. This paper combines experimental and numerical methods, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for flow analysis. A test loop with nine pressure sensors assesses water flow through a globe valve, testing various conditions. Dimensionless power spectral density (PSD) of pressure fluctuations is compared with CFD results. Steady simulations precede computational fluid dynamics – large eddy simulation (CFD-LES) for quantitative data. Industrial-scale valve analysis explores scalability using different protocols, contributing to design strategy improvements.
Acoustic Performance of Porous Mortar and Potential Use for Traffic Noise Mitigation: A Review
Authors: Kassim A S F A , Darus N , Haron Z , Galip N S , Redzuan I H
Published: March 2024

Porous mortar (PM) is a porous building material used to reduce noise levels in economic emerging cities to achieve acoustic comfort. This research paper provides a comprehensive review of PM’s sound absorption performance as reported in selected published works. The selection criteria are limited to experiments conducted on specimens with a thickness ranging from 20 to 75 mm, a range suitable for application as a sound-absorbing layer on noise barriers or building walls. This paper explains the underlying principles of sound absorption in PM and outlining methods for assessing sound absorption. This review paper includes the performance of conventional or typical PM with modified PM, considering elements such as mix design and significant factors that influence sound absorption, notably material density, and pore size. Subsequently, this paper reveals on the evaluation of PM’s suitability as a sound-absorbing material, encompassing an assessment of its mechanical properties. In conclusion, the paper identifies the potential of PM as an efficient sound absorber, particularly in the context of mitigating traffic-generated noise.
Acoustic Comfort in Indoor Sporting Arena for E-Sports Venue: An Analysis of The Determining Criteria and A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Che Din Nazli , Abu Bakar A Z
Published: March 2024

It is vital that people concentrate and focus on the types of sports and amenities in the context of sports facilities to provide acoustic comfort for players and fans. Thus, influences the positive or negative psychological and emotional impact experience during the sports matches. Esports events are mostly organized in enclosed spaces facilities such as indoor arenas or stadiums, which are spaces where speech intelligibility and noise level determine, to a large extent, the listening comfort or even the safety of the occupants. More noise may distract players throughout the match and during the match, interfering with their performance and communication with coaches if there is no proper sound blocking or insulation. This research will look at critical literature studies of the defining elements and criteria for this occurrence to develop a conceptual framework for how players, coaches, and spectators experienced acoustic comfort in various types of Esports venue. The primary goal of this research is to clarify the differences in Esports venue design and the determining factors that influence human acoustic comfort. As a result, the goal of this study is to create a framework based on the elements that determine acoustic comfort classification in Esports venues. Designers and architects able to utilize this framework as a guide to assist them prepare estimates of acoustic conditions and corrective activities in Esports venue which tailored suited to players, as well as the effects on staffs and spectators, thus create a highly immersive experience.
Sound Absorption Properties of Porous Concrete Layers for Noise Barrier
Authors: Galip N S , Haron Z , Mohamed R N , Darus N , Zamri N F , Yahya M N , Yahya K , Din N C , Kassim A S F A , Redzuan I H , Jahya Z
Published: March 2024

The porous concrete layer is an open pore material placed on the noise incident face of a sound barrier structure on the road. Pore characteristics such as diameter, area and distribution are the main characteristics of porous concrete different from conventional concrete and play a dominant role in sound absorption properties. Factors affecting the pore structure of typical porous concrete have been discussed. The effects of macroscopic properties on sound absorption properties such as maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC max), noise reduction and noise average were reviewed. The porous concrete containing other types of aggregate such as recycle, waste material, and lightweight in porous concrete innovation were discussed. Consequently, the effect of thickness, two layers and multiple layers of porous concrete to improve sound absorption at low frequencies. Finally, the guidances were proposed for the mixture composition for producing porous layer for good sound absorbing properties.