bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prosperity Highlights the Two Dimensions of the Essence of the Chinese Dream: Based on the Domestic and International Overall Situation
Authors: Fu Xiaodie , Wu Junzan
Published: October 2016

The Chinese Dream is consistent with the dreams of economic and social development in the other countries of the world. However, the Chinese Dream’ going out of China and stepping towards the world is not as easy as we imagined. There is not only understanding, approving and supporting, but also excluding, suppressing and repelling. The international society sees the Chinese Dream based on the fragmentation view. In a word, today, it is very necessary to show the essence of the Chinese Dream: peaceful development, to the world. “Let the world see the true, open and confident China”. It is high time that we let the world to scan and examine the Chinese Dream from a realistically brand-new perspective of overall situation. Then, this paper intends to analyse, by the main methods of logical thought (including analysis, synthesis and interrelation and so on), historical review (including the big events of the world and the promises of the successive Chinese leaders) and data examples (including GDP and per capital GDP, GDP contribution rate, the foreign direct investment amount, and the foreign aid amount) and so on, how Prosperity, the primary value and core goal of the Socialist Core Values, highlights the two dimensions of the essence the Chinese Dream: first rejuvenation and second cosmopolitanism, which are integrated organically in her general essence: peaceful development, based on the international and domestic overall situation. The ultimate goal or the significance of the paper is to show that the realization of the Chinese Dream is not only good for the Chinese people, but also benefiting the world, hoping that those who are for the Chinese Dream could as always understand, support her and realize their own dreams with her, and who are against the Chinese Dream could at least understand her.
Social Criticism in Hariri’s Maqamat with a Focus on Al-Wasiti’s Miniature Paintings
Authors: Pakzad Zahra , Panahi Mahboube
Published: October 2016

“Hariri’s Maqamat” is one of the most prominent and sophisticated books of Arabic literature in the Middle Ages that has been influential in the formation of novel stories in world literature. Apart from the beauty of the style, literary tune and various educational aspects, it presents social life and human behavior in the Arab world of the Middle Age in terms of a visually narrative format. Hariri’s Maqamat is a long illustrated story in Baghdad School which has been composed by Hariri and then illustrated by Mahmoud al-Wasiti. Al-Wasiti’s miniature paintings provide a lot of visual information about people’s behavior and their environment. This research aims at understanding social criticism scheme in that time by cooperation of text and image. Accordingly, several Maqamat and miniatures, which included more social information, were selected and considered using descriptive analysis technique. The results showed that al-Wasiti has clearly discovered Hariri's social critical viewpoint behind the complex language and emphasized that idea. He has also added some information which it would not be easily understandable by a reader of Maqamat book without applying pictures.
Voicing up in Debate Competition: Oral Development of Two Malaysian ESL Learners
Authors: Amiri Farzaneh , Othman Moomala , Jahedi Maryam
Published: October 2016

This research used a qualitative approach to focus on the classroom debate between Malaysian English second language learners (ESL). Since debate has been often perceived as not a suitable activity for low proficiency students due to their limited linguistic resources, there has not been much emphasis on the impact of debate on incompetent ESL learners; however, this study was an attempt to concentrate on two students who were not competent in English to investigate their oral development via debate. The study observed the communicative strategies employed in this challenging task during the five debate rounds. Although the progress made was quite limited, the study showed that debate competition can be a relevant and meaningful practice for speaking activity among low proficiency students. Moreover, it showed that debate can be used to scaffold students’ practice in speaking.
Rare Case of Aggressive Angiomyxoma of the Vulva: A Case Report
Authors: Shanmugasundaram Gouthaman , Maharajan Sivasundari
Published: October 2016

Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AA) is a rare locally aggressive soft tissue tumor with high chance of local recurrence occuring in young women of reproductive age group. These neoplasms are characterized by a mixture of spindle or stellate cells in a loosely myxoid stroma with prominent vascular component containing large, thickwalled blood vessels. A 35 year old multiparous lady presented with right vulval swelling which was rapidly progressing in size. Local examination revealed a soft fleshy mass occupying whole of the right labia majora. In view of the rapidly enlarging lesion over a short duration, we suspected a soft tissue neoplasm and preceded with wide local excision of the mass with adequate margins in all dimensions, eventhough we did not have a preoperative tissue diagnosis. To our surprise, final histopathology was Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AA). The treatment of choice for Aggressive Angiomyxoma is wide local excision with negative margins and the same was done in our case. Recurrence of the tumor may be avoided by wide local excision with adequate margins. It is possibly a hormonally responsive neoplasm. Treatment with Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is an emerging therapy.Overall prognosis of AA is good.
Statutory Decrystallisation of the Floating Charge: Implications for Business Sustainability
Authors: Onamson Friday Okafor
Published: October 2016

This paper analyzes the provisions of the Nigerian Companies and Allied Matters Act 2004 which, against the grain of general law rules on decrystallisation of floating charge, provides that a crystallised floating charge can decrystallise or refloat where the creditor withdraws from possession after the debtor has commenced payment or if the receiver, with consent of the creditor, is withdrawn. The analysis is relevant because the provision has dire implications for business sustainability since parties engage in debt transaction to sustain the going concern basis of their businesses. Bearing in mind that uncertainty pervades the boundaries between fixed and floating charge, the paper asks what is the priority status of a decrystallised floating charge as against a floating charge created prior to refloatation; and what is the relationship between the decrystallised floating charge and a fixed charge that predated the decrystallisation on the one hand and a fixed charge created post refloatation on the other hand. Using the case law and existing literature the paper showed that the statutory provision for decrystallisation of floating charge not only failed to clarify the general law rules on decrystallisation of floating charge, but it has cast a veil of uncertainty over the rights of parties to a debt transaction secured by floating charge. Since the provision can impact on the health of businesses, it behoves on the parties to be proactive in crafting debts contracts creating an interest secured by floating charge.
Repealing the Factors Act 1889
Authors: McBain Graham
Published: October 2016

Repealing the Factors Act 1889
Breast and testicular self-examinations in cancer screening: a matter of quaternary prevention?
Authors: Santos José Agostinho
Published: October 2016

Health care includes important preventive attitudes that are divided into four categories: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. Quaternary prevention refers to the avoidance of the implementation of procedures whose benefits are doubtful and damages are unknown or notorious. Counseling for self-examinations in breast and testicular cancer screenings can fall under the purview of quaternary prevention. However, there is a lack of randomized controlled trials that examine the effectiveness and safety of testicular self-examination. Meanwhile, in two large randomized controlled clinical trials, breast self-examination has been proven to cause harm (anxiety and biopsies to detect benign lesions) as a screening method, with no benefit in terms of mortality rates. Healthcare professionals should be aware that the absence of counseling in this context, paradoxically results in the protection of health, especially with reference to breast cancer screening. It is a simple example of how less is more.
Herpes zoster na adolescencia: caso clínico
Authors: Frota Aline Salmito , Lima Verônica Riquet de Siqueira , Queiroz Hercilia Maria Carvalho , Maia Israel Leitão , Accioly Filho José Wilson , Brasil Márcia Gonçalves , Matos Maria Genúcia Cunha
Published: October 2016

Varicela e herpes zoster (HZ) são entidades clínicas distintas causadas pelo vírus varicela-zoster (VZV). Varicela é uma doença aguda, altamente contagiosa, ocorrendo mais frequentemente na infância como resultado de infecção primária em indivíduo susceptível. HZ caracteriza-se por dor unilateral e aparecimento de vesículas sobre base eritematosa seguindo o território de um dermátomo, respeitando a linha mediana, ocorrendo anos após o primeiro contato com o VZV. Os principais fatores de risco para HZ são idade elevada e disfunção celular imune. Apresenta-se aqui caso extenso de herpes zoster em indivíduo imunocompetente, com localização atípica e faixa etária pouco comum. O caso apresentado chamou atenção pela extensão do acometimento da lesão e por ocorrer em um paciente imunocompetente e em faixa etária incomum.
Conhecimento de puérperas sobre identificação e prevenção do acidente loxoscélico
Authors: Schmitz Guilherme Luiz Pacher , Rohrbacher Ignatz , Corrêa Carlos Júnio da Silva , Silva Aglaher Mayra Stocco da , Franzoi Cerlei Fátima , Parzianello Faigha Barbosa , Silva Jarbas Pereira , Rezende Felipe Franchini , Oldenburg Neto Carlos Frederico
Published: October 2016

Objetivos: este estudo teve como objetivo identificar o grau de conhecimento que puérperas possuíam a respeito da aranha Loxosceles, sua picada e conduta no caso de acidente com elas ou seus filhos. Métodos: estudo transversal quantitativo, que utilizou um questionário estruturado abrangendo perfil socioeconômico, conhecimento sobre aranha-marrom e o loxoscelismo. Foram incluídas pacientes em puerpério imediato, considerado entre o primeiro e décimo dia do parto, internadas na maternidade do Hospital do Trabalhador em Curitiba-PR, entre julho e outubro de 2011. Participaram 208 puérperas, das quais oito foram excluídas porque os questionários foram preenchidos de forma incorreta. Os dados obtidos foram tabulados no programa Microsoft Excel 2007® e analisados pelos testes χ2 e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: sobre o conhecimento da aranha, 61% das puérperas afirmaram reconhecer a aranha e apontaram a imagem correta. Sobre a conduta em caso de acidente, 87,5% responderam a conduta correta, porém apenas 37% apontaram a sintomatologia correta. Hipóteses testadas mostraram que idade, escolaridade e acidente loxoscélico prévio são diretamente proporcionais ao conhecimento das participantes (p<0,05). Conclusão: a maioria das puérperas pesquisadas conhecia a aranha-marrom e grande parte reconhecia a lesão provocada pela picada, mas a gravidade da lesão foi superestimada. Contraditoriamente, o conhecimento dos sintomas foi pequeno, o que pode levar ao atraso do tratamento delas mesmas ou dos seus filhos. O conhecimento da aranha foi diretamente relacionado à idade, escolaridade e a acidente loxoscélico prévio.
A informação na consulta presencial em Medicina Geral e Familiar: classificações segundo a ICPC-2 e anotações livres para a memória futura no SOAP
Authors: Santiago Luiz Miguel , Carvalho Rosa , Botas Philippe , Miranda Paula , Matias Catarina , Simões Ana Rita , Pereira Carolina , Glória Neto Maria
Published: October 2016

Objetivos: assumindo a obrigatoriedade de classificação ICPC-2 em cada consulta, conhecer a informação, em consultas passadas pelo método de Weed-SOAP segundo o gênero e idade de quem consulta o médico (consulente ou paciente), caracterizando o nível de registro pelo método SOAP em Subjetivo (S) - classificação e anotações - em Objetivo (O) anotações sobre o estado do paciente, em Avaliação (A) da classificação e em Plano (P) da classificação e anotações. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal em outubro de 2012, em amostra aleatorizada das consultas presenciais de dois médicos orientadores de internato de especialidade, em três meses sorteados do 1º semestre de 2012, e em quatro dias sorteados em cada mês, em amostra representativa com intervalo de confiança de 95% e margem de erro de 6%. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: amostra de 318 consultas, n=149 (46,9%) no gênero masculino, n=61 (19,2%) no grupo etário <18 anos e n=194 (61,0%) no ≥18 e <65 anos, ns por grupos etários e gênero. Em S, há classificação em 98,7% e anotação em 47,2% das consultas; Em O, verificamos “As anotações demonstram o estado do paciente” em 66,0% e “As anotações são explícitas e entendíveis” em 79,9%; em A, 97,8% das consultas têm classificação; Em P, há classificação em 96,5% e anotações explicando o plano em 23,0% das consultas. Distribuição sem significado por grupo etário para as variáveis estudadas. É mais frequente haver no gênero feminino em S “As anotações são explícitas e entendíveis” e em P “Há classificação de procedimentos”. Conclusão: há campo para mais completa coleta da informação na consulta, permitindo, assim, melhor conhecimento de cada consulta e caso para o futuro.
Uso de plantas medicinais por usuários do serviço público de saúde do município de Ijuí/RS
Authors: Colet Christiane de Fátima , Cavalheiro Claudia Angelica Nunes , Dal Molin Gislaine Tisott , Cavinatto Aline Wiliens , Schiavo Morgana , Schwambach Karin Hepp , Oliveira Karla Renata
Published: October 2016

Este estudo buscou descrever o uso de plantas medicinais por usuários do Serviço Público de Saúde do município de Ijuí/RS. Métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, com questionário estruturado, aplicado aos usuários que buscam atendimento no Serviço Público de Saúde do município de Ijuí/RS, nas unidades da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde/Unidade de Saúde do Centro - UESF -, que atende os bairros Luis Fogliatto e Alvorada, e UESF do Meio-Rural. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre março a setembro de 2012 e foi aprovado pelo CEP/UNIJUÍ. Resultados: dos 446 entrevistados, 81,0% utilizam plantas e 71,5% afirmaram utilizá-las por indicação de familiares. As espécies mais citadas foram: Achyrocline satureioides D.C. (Lam.) (marcela) 22,8%, Matricaria chamomilla L. (camomila) 13,5%, Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Br. ex Britton & P. Wilson (cidreira) 9,7%. Quanto às indicações terapêuticas atribuídas às plantas, as mais citadas foram as doenças do trato gastrointestinal, sistema nervoso, distúrbios metabólicos, aparelho respiratório e hipertensão. Algumas destas indicações não encontraram embasamento científico na literatura pesquisada. Conclusão: entende-se necessária a capacitação dos profissionais da área da saúde para garantir a correta orientação ao usuário, bem como o fomento à pesquisa com plantas medicinais para embasar a implementação de políticas públicas de fitoterapia.
Acurácia da pesagem de lactentes com a fralda na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Fontenelle Leonardo Ferreira , Ribeiro Marcelo Alves , Lecco Rafael de Almeida , Alves Tatiana Feltmann
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: estimar o viés introduzido pela pesagem de lactentes com fralda na atenção primária à saúde. Métodos: recrutamos lactentes que estavam para ser pesados numa unidade básica de saúde e pesamos cada lactente duas vezes: uma sem fralda, e outra com fralda, depois de a balança ter sido tarada com uma fralda seca. O viés foi calculado como a diferença percentual de peso, subtraindo o peso sem fralda do peso com fralda, e então dividindo o resultado pelo peso sem fralda. Resultados: recrutamos 30 lactentes entre os dias 23 de julho e 1º de agosto de 2013. A maioria estava lá para uma consulta médica agendada, e tinha tido sua fralda trocada havia menos de 45 minutos. A diferença percentual de peso média foi 0,3% (intervalo de confiança de 95%, 0,2% a 0,5%). Conclusão: houve concordância substancial entre as duas técnicas de pesagem. O viés (isto é, perda de acurácia) introduzido pela pesagem de lactentes com a fralda se compara favoravelmente à precisão da técnica padrão e à variabilidade fisiológica do peso dos lactentes. Pesar lactentes com a fralda parece ser uma técnica válida para a avaliação transversal do estado nutricional na atenção primária à saúde, apesar de mais pesquisa ser necessária antes de ela ser usada para a avaliação longitudinal da velocidade de ganho de peso.
A Medicina de Família e Comunidade como eixo central da Equidade nos Sistemas de Saúde de Ibero-América: uma análise exploratória da região
Authors: Cuadrado Segura Marcela , Padula Anderson Maria Inez , Meoño Martín Thomas
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar o conceito geral de equidade e de equidade em saúde, em particular, a partir da visão da Medicina de Família e Comunidade como especialidade fundamental do primeiro nível de atenção à saúde. Surge como produto do intercambio do grupo da VI Cúpula Ibero-Americana de Medicina de Família e Comunidade. A metodologia de trabalho se deu através de uma enquete prévia e discussão dos dados durante a mesma cúpula em San Jose, Costa Rica, em abril de 2016. Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados do trabalho grupal em todas suas etapas que consistem em: nova definição de equidade; análise de equidade em saúde; fatores que influenciam a mesma; a equidade na distribuição e quantidade de Médicos de Família e Comunidade na Ibero-América; estratégias governamentais para alcançar a equidade na assistência à saúde da população e a concordância ou não dos Médicos de Família e Comunidade com as mesmas. Da enquete se obtém a informação de falta de equidade nos serviços de saúde onde se encontram inseridos os Médicos de Família e Comunidade, seja pela distribuição inadequada, seja pela quantidade de recursos humanos qualificados para o primeiro nível, pela falta de legislação e de compromisso dos governos. Para alcançar a equidade, surge a necessidade de trabalhar a partir desse conceito envolvendo diferentes atores para gerar uma mudança no sentido de uma maior equidade em saúde, tendo como um recurso fundamental a Medicina da Família e Comunidade para o alcance da mesma.
Evaluación de la Calidad en Salud en la Medicina Familiar y en la Atención Primaria en Iberoamérica
Authors: Padula Anderson Maria Inez , Moral Macarena , Cuadrado Segura Marcela , Meoño Thomas , Minué Sergio , Donato Ricardo , González Lilia
Published: October 2016

El propósito de este estudio es contribuir al desarrollo del concepto y de los procesos relacionados a la evaluación de la Calidad en la Atención Primaria de Salud, bajo la perspectiva de Médicos de Familia y Comunidad (MFyC). Fue basado en la lectura de textos, discusión en grupo de trabajo y en una investigación con la aplicación de una encuesta semi estructurada a MFyC y otros profesionales provenientes de 19 países. Fueran obtenidas informaciones acerca de los servicios de AP y de las percepciones de sus procesos evaluativos, incluyendo los relacionados a la educación permanente, a la motivación y la sobrecarga de trabajo. Los resultados sugieren que evaluar de forma sistemática y adecuada la calidad de la AP en Iberoamérica aún es un proceso muy incipiente. Además, excepto por algunos pocos países, ni siquiera existe una APS universal con MFyCs en los equipos de salud. Por otro lado, si consideramos los principios y las practicas de la MFyC, parece haber una limitación de los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar la calidad en AP. Se concluye que para alcanzar una evaluación de calidad que pueda ser propulsora de una mejora continua de los servicios en la AP es necesario incluir indicadores relacionados a los conceptos y herramientas de la MFyC. Un concepto de Calidad en AP es propuesto y se indica las dimensiones a ser incluidas en los procesos evaluativos, considerando las competencias de la MFyC.
Patterns on a Calendar
Authors: Cady Jo Ann , Wells Pamela J.
Published: October 2016

Solutions to a previous Solve It problem are discussed, and the procedures used with problem solving are explored.
Attending to Precision with Secret Messages
Authors: Starling Courtney , Whitacre Ian
Published: October 2016

Introduce your students to a fun and innovative game to encourage precise communication
Using Artwork to Explore Proportional Reasoning
Authors: Bush Sarah B. , Karp Karen S. , Nadler Jennifer , Gibbons Katie
Published: October 2016

By examining ratios in paintings and using a free educational app, students can size up artists' use of proportional reasoning in their creations.
Creating Inequalities from Real-World Experiences
Authors: Turner Erin , Sugimoto Amanda T. , Stoehr Kathleen , Kurz Erica
Published: October 2016

Research-based strategies are described for supporting students as they mathematize real-world scenarios and create inequalities to model situations and contexts from their own lives.
Initiating a community collaboration across the pre-K–grade 16 continuum
Authors: Pinter Holly Henderson , Borchelt Nathan , Wagaman John
Published: October 2016

This department publishes brief news articles, announcements, and guest editorials on current mathematics education issues that stimulate the interest of TCM readers and cause them to think about an issue or consider a specific viewpoint about some aspect of mathematics education.
Screen Maintenance Improves Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Performance
Authors: Shelmet Wait
Published: October 2016

Advances in screening technologies have been driven by the need to protect increasingly sophisticated downstream equipment by capturing and removing floating debris. Routine maintenance can dramatically improve water and wastewater treatment plant system processes.
Water Quality Parameters Affect Corrosion Control
Authors:   AWWA Staff
Published: October 2016

Research has shed new light on the effects of treatment changes on lead and copper corrosion control.
How elephants beat cancer
Authors: Gaughran Stephen J , Pless Evlyn , Stearns Stephen C
Published: October 2016

Elephants have significantly reduced their risk of cancer by duplicating an important gene called TP53.
Lymph Node Ratio and Liver Metachronous Metastases in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Li Destri Giovanni , Privitera Giuseppe , La Greca Gaetano , Scilletta Roberto , Pesce Antonio , Portale Teresa Rosanna , Conti Erminia , Puleo Stefano
Published: October 2016

The authors seek to assess whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) could predict the risk of metachronous liver metastases. Using the goal of sampling 12 lymph nodes for a proper staging of colorectal cancer is often “uncommon,” and the LNR is what allows for a better prognosis selection of patients. A homogeneous group of 280 patients, followed up for at least 5 years, was evaluated. To highlight the groups with the highest risk of metachronous liver metastases, patients were divided into 4 quartiles groups in relation to the LNR. The number of lymph nodes sampled in group “Stage I” was significantly lower. Even if statistical significance between the global LNR and the development of liver metastases has not been reached, the subdivision into quartiles has made it possible to highlight that in the more advanced ratio groups, a higher incidence of metachronous liver metastases (P < 0.028) was registered and was a different distribution of patients with or without liver metastasis in function of quartiles (P = 0.01). The LNR has enabled us to prognosticate patients who are at greater risk of developing metachronous liver metastases. The lower lymph node sampling in the patients with less advanced staging (I) and in patients with node-negative cancer (I + II) who developed liver metastases, leads us to believe that some patients have been understaged. We believe that the LNR, especially in cases of adequate lymph node sampling, is a useful gauge to better substratify “node-positive” patients.
Glycinergic signaling in the human nervous system: An overview of therapeutic drug targets and clinical effects
Authors: Schmidt Robert W. , Thompson Meghan L.
Published: October 2016

Glycine and related endogenous compounds (d-serine, d-alanine, sarcosine) serve critical roles in both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and are influenced by a multitude of enzymes and transporters, including glycine transporter 1 and 2 (GlyT1 and GlyT2), d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO), serine racemase (SRR), alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 1 (Asc-1), and kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT). MEDLINE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO were searched for relevant human trials of compounds. Many studies utilizing exogenous administration of small molecule agonists of the glycineB site of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor have been studied as have a growing number of glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) inhibitors. The clinical effects of these compounds are reviewed as are the potential effects of newer novel compounds.
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: An emerging differential diagnosis in the psychiatric community
Authors: Nichols Taylor A.
Published: October 2016

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is a new diagnosis, as recent as 2007, that develops as a result of autoantibodies to the NMDA receptor. The clinical manifestations of the disorder include complex psychiatric symptoms, seizures, movement disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and autonomic instability. Tumor resection, if present, and immunotherapy are the mainstays of therapy. Treatment should be initiated early and aggressively as it has been associated with better patient outcomes. A significant proportion of patients with anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis initially seek the help of a psychiatrist, highlighting the importance of its recognition within the mental health community. In an effort to promote disease awareness, this article will review a patient case and the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis.
Mania possibly linked with bupropion for smoking cessation: A case report
Authors: Dwyer Stephanie , Hieber Robin
Published: October 2016

Bupropion is an antidepressant thought to have a reduced risk of inducing mood switching as compared to other antidepressants. Minimal information is available on the induction of mood shifts when used for smoking cessation. This case describes a 38-year-old female who experienced mania following initiation of bupropion for smoking cessation. After completion of a thorough literature search, this appears to be the first case report describing mania induced by bupropion that was refractory to medications and was resolved with electroconvulsive therapy. This case highlights the need for clinicians to perform thorough histories of patients to avoid missing psychiatric history prior to starting bupropion as well as monitor for changes in mood or behavior after initiation of therapy.
Preventive Care Coverage Threatened by Federal Court Ruling
Authors: Shachar Carmel , Kaplan Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint highlights the 2 most concerning aspects of the Braidwood Management Inc v Becerra ruling and their potential effect on health equity.
Estimated Savings Under the Medicare High-Value Drug List Model
Authors: Cai Christopher L. , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: September 2024

This cross-sectional study describes potential reductions in out-of-pocket costs for generic medications among Medicare beneficiaries.
Efficacy of Gamified Digital Mental Health Interventions for Pediatric Mental Health Conditions
Authors: Bryant Barry R. , Sisk Morgan R. , McGuire Joseph F.
Published: September 2024

Importance

Anxiety, depression, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affect up to 20% of children and adolescents. Despite demonstrated efficacy, evidence-based treatments for these conditions are often inaccessible; innovative solutions are essential to meet the demand for pediatric mental health care.

Objective

To examine the efficacy and moderators of gamified DMHIs for anxiety, depression, and ADHD in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for children and adolescents.

Data Sources

A systematic search of PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted for RCTs published before March 20, 2024.

Study Selection

RCTs that evaluated the efficacy of gamified DMHIs for treating pediatric ADHD, depression, or anxiety were included. Studies were excluded if they did not use a gamified DMHI, provide sufficient data for effect sizes, or were unavailable in English.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Efficacy data were extracted from rating scales for ADHD, depression, and anxiety. Extracted moderator variables included participant characteristics (eg, age and sex), intervention characteristics (eg, delivery modality and time limit), and trial design characteristics (eg, outcome measure and risk of bias).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was change in ADHD, depression, or anxiety severity in the treatment group compared to the control group. Hedges g quantified treatment effects.

Results

The search strategy identified 27 RCTs that included 2911 participants across ADHD, depression, and anxiety disorders. There were modest significant effects of gamified DMHIs on ADHD (g, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.48) and depression (g, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.47) but small, nonsignificant effects for anxiety disorders (g, 0.07; 95% CI, −0.02 to 0.17). Moderator analyses revealed that DMHIs for ADHD delivered on a computer and those RCTs that had a greater preponderance of male participants produced larger treatment effects. DMHIs for depressive disorders that used preset time limits for gamified DMHIs also exhibited larger treatment effects.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings suggest a benefit of gamified DMHIs for youth with ADHD or depressive disorder. Pediatricians and other health care professionals have new information about novel, accessible, and efficacious options for pediatric mental health care.
AI fairness in practice: Paradigm, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Zhang Wenbin
Published: September 2024

Understanding and correcting algorithmic bias in artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly important, leading to a surge in research on AI fairness within both the AI community and broader society. Traditionally, this research operates within the constrained supervised learning paradigm, assuming the presence of class labels, independent and identically distributed (IID) data, and batch‐based learning necessitating the simultaneous availability of all training data. However, in practice, class labels may be absent due to censoring, data is often represented using non‐IID graph structures that capture connections among individual units, and data can arrive and evolve over time. These prevalent real‐world data representations limit the applicability of existing fairness literature, which typically addresses fairness in static and tabular supervised learning settings. This paper reviews recent advances in AI fairness aimed at bridging these gaps for practical deployment in real‐world scenarios. Additionally, opportunities are envisioned by highlighting the limitations and significant potential for real applications.
Scrambler therapy for treatment of poststroke pain
Authors: Stowell‐Campos Robert , Lawrence Erin , Marsh Elisabeth Breese , Merbach Dawn
Published: September 2024

Objective

Strokes involving sensory pathways can result in contralesional pain syndromes often refractory to pharmacologic interventions. Scrambler therapy (ST) is a noninvasive electroanalgesia device used to treat pain caused by peripheral neuropathy; however, data are scarce regarding its use in conditions secondary to central nervous system pathology. We evaluate the efficacy of ST to treat poststroke pain.

Methods

Twenty patients with a history of prior stroke resulting in contralesional pain were randomized to receive ST or Sham as an adjunct to their stable medication regimen. Participants underwent 5 consecutive daily 40‐min sessions. The study was blinded to patient and assessor. Pain scores (0–10) were recorded at baseline, pre‐ and postsession, and 4 weeks after final treatment. Student's t‐tests compared differences in the mean change in pain score between groups immediately post‐treatment #5, and at 4‐weeks. The chi‐squared analysis compared the proportion of patients in each group with >50% pain reduction.

Results

Participants randomized to ST had a mean change in pain score of −3.73 (SD 2.85) postintervention and −2.57 (SD 2.07) at 4 weeks, while the Sham group had a mean change in score of −0.94 (SD 1.36) and −0.25 (SD 0.84) (p between groups = 0.012, 0.004, respectively). Significantly more participants treated with ST reported a >50% reduction in pain immediately postintervention compared to Sham (70% vs. 10%, p = 0.006), but not at follow‐up (30% vs. 10%, p = ns).

Interpretation

ST may effectively decrease poststroke pain compared to Sham. Larger studies are needed to evaluate confounders such as stroke location, time from stroke, and concomitant treatment with medications.
Exploring Pain Adaptation in Youth With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Identifying Youth and Parent Resilience Resources and Mechanisms
Authors: Brandelli Yvonne N. , Mackinnon Sean P. , Chambers Christine T. , Parker Jennifer A. , Huber Adam M. , Stinson Jennifer N. , Johnson Shannon A. , Wilson Jennifer P.
Published: September 2024

Objective

Although juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is often associated with pain, this experience does not necessitate negative outcomes (eg, depression, functional impairment). Little research has explored youth and parent resilience resources (ie, stable traits) and mechanisms (ie, dynamic processes) in this context, and studies have focused on their contributions independently rather than collectively. This study, informed by the Ecological Resilience‐Risk Model in Pediatric Chronic Pain, sought to (1) explore the relationships among youth and parent resilience resources and mechanisms and (2) identify the relative importance (RI; ie, independent contributions when entered simultaneously) of evidence‐based youth and parent resources and mechanisms in contributing to youth‐reported recovery, sustainability, and growth outcomes.

Methods

Youth (13–18 years) with JIA and their parents (156 dyads) completed a battery of online questionnaires assessing resilience resources (optimism, resilience), mechanisms (psychological flexibility, pain acceptance, self‐efficacy), recovery and sustainability (pain intensity, functional disability, health‐related quality of life), and growth (benefit finding) outcomes.

Results

Analyses demonstrated significant positive correlations across within‐person resources and mechanisms and weaker correlations across within‐dyad resources and mechanisms. Although the RI of predictors varied by outcome, youth pain acceptance was the most robust predictor across models (RI = 0.03–0.15). Some predictors (eg, parent psychological flexibility and pain acceptance) were generally categorized as “Not Important,” whereas others (eg, youth resilience) had “Inconclusive” results, suggesting construct overlap.

Conclusion

Although additional research is needed to further understand resilience, results highlight the importance of fostering pain acceptance in youth and incorporating parents in psychosocial interventions to optimize living with JIA.
Unraveling Lattice Dislocation‐Driven Energy Band Convergence Mechanism to Enhance Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production in Alkaline Seawater
Authors: Zhu Jiawei , Chi Jingqi , Cui Tong , Wang Tiantian , Guo Lili , Liu Xiaobin , Lai Jianping , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from seawater electrolysis still faces challenges of low reactivity and chloride ions poison at the active sites, leading to reduced efficiency and stability of electrocatalysts. This study presents edge dislocation strategy aimed at inducing lattice strain in ferric oxide through Mo doping, consequently regulating the catalyst's band structure. Through in situ characterizations and DFT analysis, it is confirmed that lattice strain effectively modulates the band structure, intensifies the hybridization between Mo(d)‐Fe(d)‐O(p) orbitals, thereby accelerating the charge transfer rate of HER. Furthermore, band structure modulated by lattice strain enhances water adsorption capacity, reduces the adsorption energy of Cl−, and optimizes the hydrogen adsorption‐free energy (ΔGH*) for HER. Benefiting from above, the optimized 2%‐Mo‐Fe2O3 catalyst demonstrates HER activity and stability in alkaline seawater electrolysis comparable to that of commercial Pt/C. Additionally, the assembled electrolytic cell utilizing an anion exchange membrane (AEM) maintains long‐term stability for >100 h at 500 mA cm−2, showcasing a sustained catalytic effect.
Chameleon‐Inspired, Dipole Moment‐Increasing, Fire‐Retardant Strategies Toward Promoting the Practical Application of Radiative Cooling Materials
Authors: Cai Wei , Qi Liangyuan , Cui Tianyang , Lin Bicheng , Rahman Mohammad Ziaur , Hu Xin , Ming Yang , Chan Ah Pun , Xing Weiyi , Wang De‐Yi , Fei Bin , Fan Jintu
Published: September 2024

Toward addressing the aesthetic demand, IR emissivity, and fire hazards of radiative cooling materials in the practical application, chameleon‐inspired is tactfully employed, dipole moment‐increasing, and fire‐retardant strategies to manufacture an advanced polyurea‐based composite coating through incorporating thermochromic microcapsules, boron nitride nanosheets, and montmorillonite nanosheets. The chameleon‐inspired thermochromic microcapsules and admirable IR emissivity (supported by the original IR emittance spectra) realized by the increasing dipole moment allow the composite coatings to spontaneously adjust the solar absorption and reflection during hot daytime, while enabling high‐efficiency radiative cooling throughout the day. The IR emissivity higher than most literature is attributed to the strong interfacial interactions within polyurea composite coatings which improve the dipole moment of C─O─C, Si─O, and B─N bonds by increasing the distance between the centers of positive and negative charges, thus producing more IR emissions. Furthermore, the thermally melted montmorillonite nanosheets can form a ceramic protective layer enhanced by boron nitride nanosheets, further suppressing combustion behavior to improve the fire safety performance of polyurea coatings. The integration of thermochromic functionality, high fire safety, and admirable IR emissivity not only contribute to promoting the practical application of radiative cooling materials, but also provide a precious reference route to design high IR emissivity.
High‐Performance, Single‐Component Ambipolar Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Balanced n/p‐Type Properties for Inverter and Biosensor Applications
Authors: Qi Guangyu , Wang Minning , Wang Shijie , Zhang Sen , Teng Xinru , Bai Hairui , Wang Bingjun , Zhao Chao , Su Wenyan , Fan Qunping , Ma Wei
Published: September 2024

Ambipolar organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) with a single organic mixed ionic‐electronic conductor (OMIEC) have unique advantages by reducing fabrication complexity and cost in complementary logic circuit and bioelectronic applications. However, the design and synthesis of high‐performance ambipolar OMIECs for efficient transport and coupling both cation/anion and electron/hole remain challenging. Herein, a donor–acceptor (D–A)‐typed ambipolar OMIEC polymer (DHF‐gTT) is presented, whose superior ambipolarity stems from the concurrent oligoethyleneglycol‐functionalized D/A units that facilitates cation/anion injection and transport. Additionally, the fluorination of acceptor unit improves both hole/electron transports due to the fully‐locked backbone and promotes electron injection by down‐shifting molecular energy levels. Consequently, DHF‐gTT‐based OECTs achieve balanced figure‐of‐merit (µC*) for both p‐type and n‐type operations (12.4–14.6 F cm−1 V−1 s−1), setting new benchmarks for ambipolar OECTs, in terms of n‐type µC* and electron/hole mobilities. Such ambipolar OECTs enable the inverter to achieve a record‐high gain (102 V/V) and associated n‐type and p‐type molecular detectors to offer real‐time and highly sensitive detection of histamine and hydrogen peroxide detection, respectively. These results indicate the effectiveness of judicious molecular design on achieving high‐performance ambipolar OMIECs, allowing the state‐of‐the‐art single‐component ambipolar OECTs for both highly integrated logic circuit and bioelectronic applications.
Wear Mechanics of the Female Locust Digging Valves: The “Good Enough” Principle
Authors: Vellwock Andre Eccel , Sonnenreich Shai , Gershon Shmuel , Chang Yin , Bertinetti Luca , Tadayon Maryam , Ayali Amir , Politi Yael , Pinchasik Bat‐El
Published: September 2024

Adult female desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) dig underground to lay their eggs, ensuring optimal conditions for successful hatching. Digging is performed using the two pairs of oviposition valves at the tip of the female's abdomen. These valves are subjected to considerable shear forces during the repeated digging cycles, potentially leading to wear over time. The resilience of the valves is investigated by analyzing the relationship between digging experience and valve damage and wear throughout the female locust's life. The findings reveal the ability of the valves to withstand the significant shear forces encountered during digging. Despite this resilience, however, perceptible limitations in the valves’ mechanical durability against wear are observed. Toward the end of the female locust's life, the valves show substantial signs of wear, indicating effective performance but with limited longevity, i.e., a designated life span that enables successful oviposition for ca. four oviposition cycles. A comparison of the valve material with that of the animals’ mandibles, which are used continuously throughout their life and show remarkable wear‐resistance, further highlights the evolutionary adaptation of the valve materials to their specific function, suggesting a trade‐off between energetic investment and the sufficient, or “good‐enough”, performance that is required for survival.
Unusually Strong Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence of Highly Transparent Bulk InSe Flakes
Authors: Geng Jamie , Zhang Dehui , Kim Inha , Kim Hyong Min , Higashitarumizu Naoki , Rahman I K M Reaz , Lam Lam , Ager Joel W. , Davydov Albert V. , Krylyuk Sergiy , Javey Ali
Published: September 2024

Bulk γ‐InSe has a direct bandgap of 1.24 eV, which corresponds to near infrared wavelengths (λ = 1.0 µm) useful in optoelectronic applications from biometric detectors to silicon photonics. However, its potential for optoelectronic applications is largely untapped due in part to the lack of quantitative studies of its optical properties. Here, the unusually low absorptance and high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of single‐crystalline InSe flakes with thickness in the hundreds of nanometers are studied. InSe emits brightly at room temperature from its direct bandgap with a peak photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 20%, despite displaying indirect bandgap like low absorption coefficient due to the symmetry of its crystal structure. By performing pump‐dependent PLQY measurements, the radiative and nonradiative recombination coefficients are extracted, including the Shockley‐Read‐Hall and Auger coefficients. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept alternating current electroluminescent device at low temperature is demonstrated to show the promise of InSe in optoelectronic technology such as highly transparent, bright NIR light sources.
Enhancing Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance with Photoactive LiFePO4/CsPbBr3 Quantum Dots Composite Cathodes
Authors: Cui Can , Pang Beili , Jin Yishu , Zhu Hongzheng , Dong Hongzhou , Shang Mingwei , Yu Liyan , Dong Lifeng
Published: September 2024

The advancement of photo‐assisted lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) relies on developing suitable photoactive Li+ storage materials and understanding their energy storage/conversion mechanisms. A novel composite material, LiFePO4/CsPbBr3 quantum dots (LFP/CPB QDs) is presented, created by embedding CPB QDs onto LFP nanoparticles. This composite exhibits dual functionalities of photoelectric conversion and storage in LIBs. Under simulated light, the composite demonstrated significant enhancements in charge and discharge capacities, with increases of 16.8% and 16.4% at 3C, respectively. Remarkably, the coulombic efficiency exceeded 100%, reaching 115.2% when charged in the dark and discharge under light. The LFP/CPB QDs cathode also maintained 93.9% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.5C. Analyses with synchronous‐illumination X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed photo‐induced charge transfer at the composite interface. Under sunlight, CPB QDs transfer photogenerated electrons to LFP, promoting the transition of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and enhancing Li+ reaction kinetics. These findings offer valuable insights for designing electrode materials for photo‐assisted battery applications.
In Vivo Optogenetics Based on Heavy Metal‐Free Photon Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Uji Masanori , Kondo Jumpei , Hara‐Miyauchi Chikako , Akimoto Saori , Haruki Rena , Sasaki Yoichi , Kimizuka Nobuo , Ajioka Itsuki , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: September 2024

Photon upconversion (UC) from red or near‐infrared (NIR) light to blue light is promising for in vivo optogenetics. However, the examples of in vivo optogenetics have been limited to lanthanide inorganic UC nanoparticles, and there have been no examples of optogenetics without using heavy metals. Here the first example of in vivo optogenetics using biocompatible heavy metal‐free TTA‐UC nanoemulsions is shown. A new organic TADF sensitizer, a boron difluoride curcuminoid derivative modified with a bromo group, can promote intersystem crossing to the excited triplet state, significantly improving TTA‐UC efficiency. The TTA‐UC nanoparticles formed from biocompatible surfactants and methyl oleate acquire water dispersibility and remarkable oxygen tolerance. By combining with genome engineering technology using the blue light‐responding photoactivatable Cre‐recombinase (PA‐Cre), TTA‐UC nanoparticles promote Cre‐reporter EGFP expression in neurons in vitro and in vivo. The results open new opportunities toward deep‐tissue control of neural activities based on heavy metal‐free fully organic UC systems.