bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research of the Russian market of automobile cargo transportation: real companies for the purpose of efficiency growth
Authors: Chernyakin A.M. , Bykova O.N.
Published: August 2021

The transport and logistics industry is an important component of any economy. It serves the vast majority of other industries of production and non-production nature and provides cargo transportation among all participants of economic relations in the country and around the world. It can be noted that the state and development of cargo transportation directly depends on changes in the business environment, namely, not only on legislative regulation, state support and business skills, but also on the state of the served clients.
Minimum wage: problematic issues and a positive trend
Authors: Rogov I.V.
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the study of problematic issues of legal regulation of the minimum wage, taking into account the relevant foreign experience (on the example of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union). A positive trend is indicated: an increase in the minimum wage in the Russian Federation.
The system of personnel adaptation in the company: theory and practice
Authors: Afanasieva M.R. , Mirgorod E.E.
Published: August 2021

At the present stage of business development, human resources are central to the activities of any organization. An effectively assembled team of highly qualified personnel, with a successfully built system of selection and adaptation, motivation, training, etc. are the key to the successful functioning of any organization. Thus, the successful construction and operation of the personnel management system influences the efficiency of work, profitability, competitiveness and prospects for the development of the company as a whole.
Pemeriksaan Bone Mineral Density dan Pelatihan Senam Osteoporosis Sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Kewaspadaan Osteoporosis pada Penderita Talasemia Mayor
Authors:   Universitas Diponegoro, Widyastiti Nyoman Suci , Limijadi I Edward Kurnia Setiawan ,   Universitas Diponegoro
Published: August 2021

Thalassemia major patients with routine transfusions are at risk of experiencing iron overload and bone turn over disorders which will increase the risk of osteoporosis. Community training activities with BMD examinations and osteoporosis exercise training in thalassemia major patients are expected to identify the prevalence of bone fragility in thalassemia major patients, increase the awareness of thalassemia major patients and their families to the risk of osteoporosis in thalassemia major patients and osteoporosis exercise training as an effort to prevent osteroporosis. The results of BMD on the spine showed 57.1% osteoporosis, 28.6% normal and 14.3% osteopenia. The results of BMD examination on the cervical spine showed 71.4% osteopenia, 21.4% normal and 7.2% osteoporosis. The results of BMD examination on the femur found 50% normal, 42.8% osteopenia and 7.2% osteoporosis. The bone location with the highest percentage of osteoporosis was the spine (57%), and the bone location with the highest percentage of osteopenia was the neck bone (71.4%). The high percentage of osteopenia locations in the cervical spine of thalassemia major patients with repeated transfusions should be become a concern. Based on these findings, we held education and counselling on the risk of osteoporosis in thalassemia patients with repeated transfusions, osteoporosis exercise training and distribution of osteoporosis exercise compact disk (CD) for at home osteoporosis exercise training.
THz-Enhanced DC Ultrafast Electron Diffractometer
Authors: Zhang Dongfang , Kroh Tobias , Ritzkowsky Felix , Rohwer Timm , Fakhari Moein , Cankaya Huseyin , Calendron Anne-Laure , Matlis Nicholas H. , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: August 2021

Terahertz- (THz-) based electron manipulation has recently been shown to hold tremendous promise as a technology for manipulating and driving the next generation of compact ultrafast electron sources. Here, we demonstrate an ultrafast electron diffractometer with THz-driven pulse compression. The electron bunches from a conventional DC gun are compressed by a factor of 10 and reach a duration of ~180 fs (FWHM) with 10,000 electrons/pulse at a 1 kHz repetition rate. The resulting ultrafast electron source is used in a proof-of-principle experiment to probe the photoinduced dynamics of single-crystal silicon. The THz-compressed electron beams produce high-quality diffraction patterns and enable the observation of the ultrafast structural dynamics with improved time resolution. These results validate the maturity of THz-driven ultrafast electron sources for use in precision applications.
COVID-19 Salgınının Küresel Boyutta Çevresel Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: AYKAÇ ÖZEN Hülya , ÖZTÜRK Bahtiyar
Published: August 2021

COVID-19 salgını döneminde, dünya genelinde virüsün yayılmasını kontrol altına almak için alınan önlemler; sosyal, ekonomik ve ticari faaliyetlerin yavaşlamasına neden olmuştur. Bu durum kaçınılmaz olarak çevre bileşenlerini de doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilemiştir. COVID-19 kısıtlamalarının uygulanmasıyla, dünyanın farklı şehirlerinde hava kalitesinin önemli ölçüde iyileştiği, sera gazı emisyonunun düştüğü, su kirliliği ve gürültü seviyesinin azaldığı, yüzey ve yer altı su kalitesinin iyileştiği ve trafik yoğunluğunun azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Fakat çevre üzerindeki bu olumlu etkilerine rağmen, yeni koronavirüs salgınında düşük iç hava kalitesi, tek kullanımlık plastiklerin kullanımlarının artması, maske ve eldiven gibi medikal atık miktarlarının artması, geri dönüşüm atık miktarının azalması gibi olumsuz etkilerin de ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmayla, salgın döneminden itibaren COVID-19'un çevresel faktörler ve üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin çalışmaları içeren mevcut bilimsel literatürler gözden geçirilerek, COVID-19 salgınının olumlu ve olumsuz çevresel etkilerini sebepleriyle birlikte ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.
СОСТОЯНИЕ ТВЕРДЫХ ТКАНЕЙ ЗУБОВ У ДЕТЕЙ Г. БЕЛАЯ ЦЕРКОВЬ, ПРОЖИВАЮЩИХ В ЗОНАХ РАЗЛИЧНОЙ АНТРОПОГЕННОЙ НАГРУЗКИ ПО ДАННЫМ ЗА 2015-2016 УЧЕБНЫЙ ГОД
Authors: Скульская С. В. , Шнайдер С. А.
Published: August 2021

Актуальность. Повышенная антропогенная нагрузка оказывает неблагоприятное воздействие на сто-матологическое здоровье детей: повышенная распространенность кариеса зубов, дефектов эмали и частота встречаемости заболеваний пародонта. Оценки состояния твердых тканей детей г. Белая Церковь практиче-ски не проводилось.Целью данной работы было изучение данных состояния твердых тканей зубов у детей г. Белая Церковь, проживающих в зонах различной антропогенной нагрузки, полученных в ходе обследования в 2015-2016 учебном году.Материалы и методы. Было произведено 16054 осмотра детей, проживающих в г. Белая Церковь в зонах различной антропогенной нагрузки в 2015-2016 учебном году. Состояние твёрдых тканей зубов оценивалось с помощью индексов КПУз, КПУп, и их составляющих. Также определялось количество детей с кариесом, пуль-питом и периодонтитом. Активность кариеса определялась по классификации предложенной Виноградовой Т.Ф.Выводы. У детей, проживающих в условиях повышенной антропогенной нагрузки наблюдались более не-гативные показатели распространенности, интенсивности и активности кариеса зубов по сравнению с деть-ми, проживающими в условиях относительного экологического благополучия и среднестатистическими дан-ными по Украине.
МЕТИЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОМОТОРОВ НЕНОВ IL6 И MMP13 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С МАТАБОЛИЧЕСКИМ СИНДРОМОМ И САХАРНЫМ ДИАБЕТОМ 2 ТИПА НА ФОНЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ПАРАДОНТИТА
Authors: Рожко П. Д. , Деньга О. В. , Вербицкая Т. Г. , Шнайдер С. А. , Бубнов В. В.
Published: August 2021

В патогенезе пародонтита и его прогрессировании важная роль принадлежит механизмам резорбции ко- стной ткани, что необходимо учитывать при ортопедическом лечении. Эти механизмы индуцируют воспали- тельные цитокины и матриксные металлопротеиназы. Было проведено изучение метилирования ДНК для оценки эпигеномных вариаций промоторов генов Шб и ММР1З у пациентов с хроническим заболеванием паро- донта на фоне метаболического синдрома, сахарного диабета 2 типа. Корреляционный анализ между степе- нью метилированной ДНК генов 1.6 и ММР!3, а также содержанием Шб и ММР!З в ротовой жидкости па- циентов с хроническим генерализованным пародонтитом показал высокую положительную взаимосвязь этих цитокинов, связанную со степенью хронического пародонтита. Гипометилирование промоторов генов 1,6 и ММР!З у пациентов с хроническим пародонтитом на фоне метаболического синдрома, сахарного диабета 2 типа приводит к активации этих генов, повышению синтеза провоспалительного цитокина П.6 и металло- протеиназы ММР!З, что ведет к разрушению тканей в очаге воспаления и усугублению течения пародонтита.
ІНФОРМАТИВНІСТЬ ПОСТУРАЛЬНОГО ТЕСТУ ЩОДО ВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ОКЛЮЗІЙНОГО БАЛАНСУ ПРИ НЕЗНІМНОМУ ЗУБНОМУ ПРОТЕЗУВАННІ У ОСІБ МОЛОДОГО ВІКУ
Authors: Штепа В. О.
Published: August 2021

У статті представлені результати вивчення можливості застосування постурального тесту для оцінки якості відновлення оклюзійних співвідношень у віддалений термін після незнімного зубного протезування серед 270 пацієнтів, нарівно чоловіків та жінок, віком до 45 років, що мали дефекти зубів та зубних рядів, відновлені суцільнолитими конструкціями, зокрема комбінованими. Встановле-на позитивна динаміка оклюзійних характеристик та постуральних рефлексів внаслідок проведеного ортопедичного лікування (р˂0,05). Показана діагностична цінність постурального тесту щодо від-новлення оклюзійного балансу за показниками чутливості, специфічності, прогностичної цінності позитивного та негативного результатів, точності та відтворюваності. Отримані результати проведеної клінічної апробації вказують на можливість застосування постуральної діагностики в практиці ортопедичної стоматології.
Analisis Uji Proximat, Karoten Total dan Organoleptik Roti Manis dengan Substitusi Tepung Bit Merah
Authors: Nurzihan Nastitie Cinintya , Oktavina Permatasari  , Aryanti Setyaningsih
Published: August 2021

The Exploring the potential of local food ingredients is carried out as an effort to achieve national food security. The high use of flour as a raw material in the food industry requires the import of wheat-based flour that does not grow in tropical climates such as Indonesia. Efforts to reduce dependence on wheat flour need a source of flour from local food ingredients. One of the tubers that can be used in making flour is red beet which is commonly used as a natural dye. Lack of utilization of red beet which resulted in the abundance of red beet. Sweet bread is one type of food that is very popular with various levels of society by modifying the substitution of wheat flour with red beet flour. The research was conducted with an experimental type of research using a randomized design with 3 treatment groups. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the substitution of red beet flour with concentrations of 0%, 15% and 30% and the results of the proximate test showed that there was no significant difference in the nutritional value of protein, while there was a significant difference in the total carotene content in sweet bread with substitution. red beet flour. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the optimization of the use of red beet as flour can be done as a potential local food alternative.

ABSTRAK

Penggalian potensi bahan pangan lokal dilakukan sebagai upaya dalam pencapaian ketahanan pangan nasional. Tingginya penggunaan tepung sebagai bahan baku dalam industri pangan mengharuskan adanya import tepung terigu yang berbasis gandum yang tidak tmbuh di wilayah iklim tropis seperti halnya Indonesia. Upaya dalam mengurangi ketergantungan dengan tepung terigu perlu adanya sumber tepung dari bahan pangan lokal. Salah satu umbi yang dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan tepung adalah bit merah yang biasa digunakan sebagai pewarna alami. Kurangnya pemanfaatan bit merah yang mengakibatkan melimpahnya bit merah. Roti manis menjadi salah satu jenis makanan yang sangat digemari berbagai lapisan masyarakat dengan melakukan modifikasi pada substitusi tepung terigu dengan tepung bit merah. Penelitian dilakukan dengan jenis penelitian eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok 3 perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan nyata pada substitusi tepung bit merah dengan konsentrasi 0%, 15% dan 30% serta hasil uji proksimat diketahui bahwa tidak ada perbedaan secara signifikan nilai gizi protein, sedangkan ada perbedaan secara signifkan pada kandungan total karoten pada roti manis dengan substitusi tepung bit merah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa optimalisasi penggunaan bit merah sebagai tepung dapat dilakukan sebagai alternatif pangan lokal yang berpotensi.
Impacto de la Tasa Vial Municipal en jurisdicciones subnacionales
Authors:   , Gulayin Martín Pedro
Published: August 2021

Este trabajo analiza la reciente imposición de un tributo local sobre el consumo de combustibles (Tasa Vial Municipal -TVM-) en un subconjunto de municipios de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. El análisis se contextualiza con una descripción de las finanzas públicas municipales, una discusión sobre los principales aspectos de la imposición y un detalle del marco jurídico en el que se estableció la TVM. Se provee a su vez un análisis cuantitativo del tributo en cuanto a su impacto recaudatorio y a sus efectos sobre el consumo de combustible. Para ello se identificó la cantidad de combustible comercializado en boca de expendio en los 135 municipios de la Provincia. Se estimó que el monto recaudado en concepto de la mencionada tasa para el período comprendido entre los años 2013-2018 fue de $ 220.695.101. A su vez, los resultados muestran que no se puede afirmar que la sanción de la TVM modificó el consumo de combustibles en aquellas jurisdicciones que lo implementaron.
La continuidad de la prevención de la viruela en el Perú: medidas del Superior Gobierno (1806-1820) al Gobierno del Protectorado (1822)
Authors: Mera Arnaldo
Published: August 2021

The present research was carried out between the months of April and May of the year 2020, during the Quarantine ordered by the Peruvian State by the Pandemic of the COVID-19, therefore, it was only carried out with the books of the personal library of the author and in this work we present a study of the Impact of smallpox in the different European Royal Houses and how King Carlos IV of Spain sought to prevent this disease to through the vaccine, both in the Metropolis and in its domains of America, including the Peruvian Viceroyalty. The continuity of the Bourbon Policy will be seen in the Normativity of the 1st Independent State: The Protectorate (1821 – 1822).
URBAN FARMING DAN KETAHANAN PANGAN DI MASA PANDEMI: PENGENALAN TEKNIK BUDIDAYA HIDROPONIK DI KELURAHAN KERTAJAYA SURABAYA
Authors: Alamiyah Syifa Syarifah , Dewi Sandra Berliana , Dwi Prakoso Achmad Habib , Yulaicho Mahmudalia Rosa
Published: August 2021

PPKM (Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities) and the Kampung Tangguh Program are one of its policies. With the formation of this policy, the community is also encouraged to carry out productive activities even from home. Some of the growing trends are the existence of urban farming which is often used in urban areas that are quite densely populated. Besides being useful in food security, urban farming also helps the productivity of the community. Kuliah Kerja Nyata is an activity from the Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur in an effort to serve the community in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students do community service in RT I RW XI Kelurahan Kertajaya, Kecamatan Gubeng, Surabaya City by implementing an introduction to hydroponic cultivation techniques and education that are easy and can be done by the community. The purpose of doing community service by KKN students themselves is so that the community can be helped by the community service carried out by students and can create resilience in the food sector. The method used in this paper uses the results of observations and direct interviews with local residents. And the results of hydroponics are expected to inspire the community in developing hydroponics independently.
Podemos existir de outra forma: o espetáculo "Protocolo Elefante" do Grupo Cena 11 como materialização de outro modo de existência
Authors: Bianchi Paloma
Published: August 2021

Em tempos sombrios como os de hoje a arte ganha relevância particular por sua capacidade de materializar realidades divergentes das existentes no aqui e agora do mundo. Este artigo discute o espetáculo Protocolo Elefante do Grupo Cena 11 Companhia de dança e tenta reconhecer como o trabalho revela outros modos de existências, e outras formas de relação entre um e outro, que tanto informam a realidade sob a qual vivemos, quanto expandem nossa capacidade de imaginar e de fabular outros mundos. Neste estudo, a arte é compreendida como recurso de insurgência política.
Angioqueratoma solitario
Authors: Orantes Ana , Salvado Ricardo , Gramajo Marisol
Published: August 2021

El angioqueratoma es una lesión benigna de piel poco frecuente, que puede presentarse en niños y adultos. Posee varios diagnósticos clínicos diferenciales.  Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 86 años de edad con lesión nodular en miembro inferior, de tiempo de evolución desconocido.
The role of antioxidants in the mechanisms of adaptation of Poa Pratensis L. under the influence of wooden plants
Authors: Tsandekova O. L. , Kolmogorova E. Yu.
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the results on the content of peroxidase, phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in the leaves of meadow bluegrass during the growing season under plantations of woody plants (scots pine and ash-leaved maple). The peroxidase activity in the leaves of plant samples was determined by the method of A.N. Boyarkin, the content of ascorbic acid - by the titrimetric method using sodium 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, water-soluble phenolic compounds - by the Leventhal-Neubauer method. Mutual regulation of the plant antioxidant defense system was established, expressed in an increase in the level of ascorbic acid, but a decrease in the activity of peroxidase and phenolic compounds. The accumulation of metabolites in the studied plants varied depending on the phases of the growing season and growing conditions. Scots pine had the greatest inhibitory effect on the studied species than ash-leaved maple. The results obtained can be used to assess the state of the ground cover and the structure of the phytocenosis.
Evaluation of different methods of grafting for apple-tree
Authors: Tankevich V. V. , Popov A. I.
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of studying different methods of obtaining apple-tree seedlings ( Malus domestica Borkh) grafted onto clonal rootstocks. It was investigated the combination of cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Jonagold’, grafted onto the MM-106 stock in three terms: by budding in August (control); table grafting with a two-eyed cutting in February; grafting by bud and cuttings in March. The aim of the research was to identify the most effective and technologically methods of grafting for apple-tree. We have noted the influence of these methods on the growth, development of plants under the field conditions and the yield of planting material. The most effective was the method of grafting in common use time. The survival rate of eyes in this variant varied from 92 to 98%. On average, over three years it was 96,7%. The yield of standard annual seedlings was 62.3 thous. pcs. per ha. In applying of grafting in winter, the survival rate of copulants was quite high (85,5%). However, the yield of the standard was significantly lower than in the control variant and did not exceed 50,0%. The use of early spring grafting by eye and cuttings was less effective. The yield of the standard varied from 24,7 to 38,2 thous. pcs. per ha. Therefore, the cultivation of apple planting material by the method of summer budding and winter grafting are the main and most effective ones. Spring grafting is less cost effective but can be used as a complementary method.
Assessment of knowledge related to COVID-19 among professionals and students: A cross-sectional study from Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Zubair Ali Hashim , Shah Abubakar , Tahir Muhammad Junaid , Malik Muna , Malik Muhammad Irfan , Sajjad Ayesha , AL Fareed Zafar Sardar Muhammad
Published: August 2021

Background: COVID-19 outbreak posed a serious threat to public health and greatly impacted the life of professionals and students. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the knowledge related to COVID-19 during a lockdown in Punjab, Pakistan.

Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional online study recruited 833 participants (males=417, females=416) from major cities (Lahore, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Bahawalpur, Faisalabad, and Sialkot) in Punjab, Pakistan, during the months of March and April 2020.  A pre-designed questionnaire was shared, among professionals (including pharmacists, paramedical staff, lawyers, businessmen, teachers) and students (including medical undergraduate and postgraduate students, and non-medical students), containing 12 questions regarding their knowledge of COVID-19. Data were collected using convenient sampling technique. Chi-square test and logistic regression model were applied for analysis using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 23 years ranged from 15-68 years. Of the 833 participants, 365 (43.8%) were well aware, 405 (48.6%) were aware and only 63 (7.6%) were not aware of COVID-19. Most of the participants (69.4%) did not know about coronaviruses (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus) before this pandemic. Using logistic regression analysis, age above 24 years, being a student (vs. being a professional) and a prior knowledge about coronavirus resulted in having higher odds of knowledge about COVID-19 with a significant p-value (<0.05).

Conclusion: This study identifies that the majority of the participants had necessary knowledge about transmission, preventive measures and basic hygiene about COVID-19. However, there is a need to improve knowledge among the younger population and professionals.
Screening of thyroid disorders in age and gender groups in a teaching hospital of Nowshera
Authors: Khan Hamzullah , Khan Fawad , Khan Zahid , Ahmed Naseer , Khan Waseemyar
Published: August 2021

Background: In Pakistan 28.7% of the population had some degree of goiter. Out of those 40% of the nodules behaved hyperthyroidism based on the lower-than-normal values of thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH). Present study was designed as to determine the screening of thyroid disorders on the basis Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in age and gender groups in a hospital-based study.

Patients and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex Nowshera from March 2019 to Jan 2020. Total 392 cases, 167 (42.6%) males and 225 (57.4%) females were included. All patients referred to pathology laboratory for measurement of TSH levels irrespective of age and gender were included to measure incidence of hyper, hypo or euthyroid status. Exclusion criteria were patients taking medications or iodine supplementation. Numerical variables like age and TSH values were presented with Mean with SD, Median and range. Inferential statistics and correlation statistics (chi-Square, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman correlation) were used to determine the difference of TSH values in gender and age groups.

Results: Mean age of the patients was 31+8.1 years. Mean TSH was 5.22+16.5 ng/ml. The difference of TSH values in the age categories using one way ANOVA statistics was insignificant (p = 0.15). Mann Whitney U Test confirmed that the distribution of TSH is the same across the categories of gender (p=0.001). Total 55 (14%) patients were hyperthyroid, and 23 (5.9%) mild hypothyroid and 30 (7.7%) hypothyroid. Chi square test showed the relation of gender with hypo and hyperthyroidism as statistically isignificant ( p= 0.18, p=0.8) respectively. Spearman ranked correlation test showed a mild to moderate inverse correlation of hypothyroidism with increase in age categories (p=0.88, r=-0.47) and a moderate uphill correlation of hyperthyroidism with increase in age categories, again statistically insignificant (p= 0.31, r=0.51).

Conclusion: We observed a skewed distribution of TSH in our population. On the basis of the TSH values the thyroid disorders were categorized in hyper and hypothyroidism. There was a negative correlation of Hypothyroidsim (TSH<0.4) with age. While a positive correlation of age was noted with hyperthyroidism. While no significant relationship of hyper or hypothyroidism was noted in gender groups.
Hemispheric encephalitis secondary to HAV
Authors: Ahmed Aijaz , Ashfaq Muhammad , Nisa Bader -U- , Waseem Hira
Published: August 2021

A 2-year male child, presented to National Institute of Child Health (NICH), with acute onset high grade fever and focal left sided seizures for 1 day, followed by left hemiparesis and encephalopathy. Developmental and family history was unremarkable. On physical examination, patient’s body temperature rose up to 38.7 °C. Though he had pallor along with hepatomegaly, there were no signs of jaundice or ascites. Central nervous system examination showed encephalopathy as well as positive neck stiffness. Motor system examination revealed generalized decrease in bulk of upper and lower limbs, but rest of the findings were localized to left side of the body, showing hypertonia, decreased power, brisk muscle stretch reflex, and positive ankle clonus and left Babinski sign.

          Blood investigations showed anemia (hemoglobin 9.1g/dl), leukocytosis (white blood cells 22.1 cells/μL) and raised aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels (826 IU/L). Total bilirubin and direct bilirubin levels were normal (0.3 mg/dL and 0.1 mg/dL, respectively). Serum ammonia (64 μg/dL) and lactic acid (1.6 μg/dL) levels were also within normal ranges. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was also clear, with 0 leukocytes/μL, protein levels of 25 mg/dL, and normal glucose levels (82 mg/dL), no organism was seen on gram stain. Hepatitis A Ig M antibody came out to be reactive.

          Brain computed tomography showed large hypo density along with effacement of sylvian fissure, sulci, gyri on right side involving frontal, parietal, and temporal and occipital lobe on ipsilateral side. On post contrast, there was remarkable meningeal enhancement on right side. MRI brain revealed cortical and subcortical large area of abnormal signal intensity seen in fronto-parietal and occipital cortex on the right side along with laminar necrosis.

          Seizures were controlled by given intravenous injection phenytoin and leviteracetam in bolus and then maintenance doses. Intravenous acyclovir was started

due to clinical suspicion of herpes encephalitis but was stopped after observing clinical improvement and identification of Ig M antibody of HAV. Patient conscious level improved after 2 weeks. AST levels also decreased to 20 IU/L and he was discharged with advice to follow up after 14 days
Assessment of risk factors associated with pre-term labour in Tertiary care Hospitals, Lahore
Authors: Zafar Tanzeela , Manzoor Iram , Farooq Fariha
Published: August 2021

Background: Pakistan has one of the highest rates of preterm births, nearly 16 for every 100 babies born. Around 4% of these premature babies, are at highest likelihood of death. The objective of this study was to assess association of multiple risk factors with preterm birth in Pakistani women.

Patients and methods:  An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital and Farooq Hospital, West Wood Branch, Lahore from October 2018 to December 2019. Total 116 pregnant females who gave birth to preterm babies with gestational age between 20-37 weeks were included. Data about patients’ socio-demographic profile, previous obstetric history and current gestational profile was collected using closed ended structured questionnaire. Variables were presented in the form of frequency tables. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were applied to establish association of various risk factors and preterm presentation of patients’ in hospital. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Out of 116 participants, 49 (42.2%) were aged between 20-25 years, 47 (40.5%) were illiterate. Of the total sample 60 (51.7 %) participants were obese (BMI >30). Eighty-two (70.7%) patients were multigravida and 65 (56.1%) gave the history of previous cesarean section. Significant association was found between preterm birth and multi-parity (p=0.001), previous history of abortion (p=0.000), intrauterine death (p=0.001), infertility (p=0.04), cesarean-section (p=0.000), and inter-pregnancy interval of less than 24 months (p=0.007). Other significant factors associated with preterm labour were urinary tract infections (p=0.001), documented fever more than 101oF (p=0.000), anemia (p=0.000), singleton pregnancy (p=0.000) and cephalic fetal presentation (p=0.002), during current pregnancy.

Conclusion: Multi-gravidity, history of abortion, intrauterine death, previous infertility, cesarean-section, inter-pregnancy interval of less than 24 months, UTI, genital tract infection, anemia, singleton pregnancy and cephalic fetal presentation during current pregnancy were observed to be significantly associated with preterm births.
Idiopathic CD4+ Lymphocytopenia in Overlap Syndrome (Systemic Sclerosis with Dermatopolimyositis)
Authors: Sumartini Dewi  , Yusuf Tasya Aniza , Fahrizal Yanuar
Published: August 2021

Background : Idiopathic CD4 T cell lymphocytopenia (ICL)  is a rare syndrome with varied clinical manifestation, characterized with lymphopenia and decreased in CD4 level without HIV infection or other possible cause of immunodeficiency state. Autoimmune diseases might be a clinical manifestation of ICL. However, it is not known whether ICL triggered an autoimmune diseases, or it is a complication of said diseases.

Objective : Awareness of ICL in patient with known autoimmune diseases whom admitted to the hospital for severe infection.

Methods : This case report showed a 24-years old woman with prolonged fever since 4 moths ago. It was accompanied with oral ulcers, skin rash in face and trunks, and weakness of lower extremities. She was diagnosed with systemic sclerosis since 2016 and routinely came to rheumatology outpatient clinic in Hasan Sadikin Hospital but stopped coming for past 4 months since pandemic. Her current medication was only 4 mg of methylprednisolone.

Results : She had high temperature (38.5 degree Celsius) and tachycardia. Physical examination revealed a single lymphadenopathy at neck. Raynaud phenomenon, calcinosis, and sclerodactyly was found in lower extremities. Dermatomyositis was diagnosed based by heliotropic skin rash. Laboratory tests showed leukopenia, absolute lymphocyte count 135.2 cell/mm3, absolute CD4 39/uL, CK level of 3296 and nonreactive anti-HIV. The patient underwent empirical antibiotic treatment, but unfortunately passed away.

Conclusion : ICL is a rare case, following an infection, autoimmune diseases, or unspecified malignancy. Clinician’s awareness toward ICL could prevent fatal opportunistic infection which often happens to patients with immunodeficiency state.
Caputo Fractional MHD Casson Fluid Flow Over an Oscillating Plate with Thermal Radiation
Authors: Ridhwan Reyaz  , Yeou Jiann Lim  , Ahmad Qushairi Mohamad  , Muhammad Saqib  , Sharidan Shafie
Published: August 2021

The effect of the thermal radiation on the MHD Casson fluid along with the fractional derivative in an oscillating vertical plate is elucidated. More exactly, the Caputo fractional model is utilized in developing the governing equations. Besides, the influence of the buoyancy force due to the temperature gradient has also been considered. The derived fractional partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by using the Laplace transform technique and then are solved for analytical solutions via the characteristic method. The inversion of the Laplace transformation is obtained through the numerical approach of Zakian. The effects of various physical parameters on the velocity and temperature profiles, Nusselt number, and skin friction have been analyzed and depicted in graphs and tables. The distribution of the velocity and temperature either in viscous or Casson fluid do enhance by the fractional parameter.
Facile Fabrication of Polysaccharide Nanocomposites Using Ionic Gelation Method
Authors: Mostafa Yusefi  , Kamyar Shameli  , Pooneh Kia  , Hemra Hamrayev
Published: August 2021

Polysaccharide-based nanomaterials with significant biocompatibility and physiochemical features have been widely analyzed in modern biomedical nanotechnology. Chitosan-coating is an advantageous procedure to provide several pharmacological characteristics of chitosan on the reinforcement. Here, we fabricated polysaccharide nanocomposites using the facile ionic gelation method and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) cross-linker. The polysaccharide nanocomposites comprised natural cellulose and chitosan as reinforcement and coating agents, respectively. From the image of the scanning electron microscope, the nanocomposites indicated almost spherical dimensions with sizes below 60 nm. Results from X-ray powder diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed multifunctional properties of the nanocomposites related to both cellulose and chitosan. Therefore, the ionic gelation method is potentially appropriate to synthesize the polysaccharide nanocomposites for medically-related applications.
Short Review: Phytofabrication of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Anticancer Applications
Authors: Siti Nur Amalina Mohamad Sukri  , Kamyar Shameli  , Sin-Yeang Teow  , Eleen Dayana Mohamed Isa  , Mostafa Yusefi  , Zatil Izzah Tarmiz
Published: August 2021

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most well-known materials in the field of nanotechnology. Adopting a more environmentally friendly synthesis methods of ZnO NPs have been the focus in the last few decades. Of all green synthesis methods of ZnO NPs, fabrication with the help of plant extracts has been the most popular due to its many benefits. The use of phytofabricated ZnO NPs in anticancer studies has been conducted increasingly over the last decade because of its high inhibition activity against various types of cancerous cells. This short review article will present the current update on the phytofabrication of ZnO NPs in recent years and discuss on their cytotoxicity mechanism against cancer cells.
Aldosterone Inhibits In Vitro Myogenesis by Increasing Intracellular Oxidative Stress via Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Kim Da Ae , Choi Eunah , Lee Yun Sun , Park So Jeong , Kim Beom-Jun
Published: August 2021

Background: Despite clinical evidence indicating poor muscle health in subjects with primary aldosteronism (PA), it is still unclear whether the role of aldosterone in muscle metabolism is direct or mediated indirectly via factors, such as electrolyte imbalance or impaired glucose uptake. As one approach to clarify this issue, we investigated the effect of aldosterone on in vitro myogenesis and the potential mechanism explaining it.Methods: Myogenesis was induced in mouse C2C12 myoblasts with 2% horse serum. Immunofluorescence, quantitative reversetranscription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, viability, and migration analyses were performed for experimental research.Results: Recombinant aldosterone treatment suppressed muscle differentiation from mouse C2C12 myoblasts in a dose-dependent manner, and consistently reduced the expression of myogenic differentiation markers. Furthermore, aldosterone significantly increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in myotubes, and treatment with N-acetyl cysteine, a potent biological thiol antioxidant, reversed the decrease of myotube area, myotube area per myotube, nucleus number per myotube, and fusion index due to aldosterone through decreasing oxidative stress. A binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) interacted with aldosterone in C2C12 myoblasts, while eplerenone, an MR inhibitor, blocked aldosterone-stimulated intracellular ROS generation during myogenesis and markedly attenuated the suppression of in vitro myogenesis by aldosterone.Conclusion: These findings support the hypothesis that hypersecretion of aldosterone, like PA, directly contributes to muscular deterioration and suggest that antioxidants and/or MR antagonists could be effective therapeutic options to reduce the risk of sarcopenia in these patients.
The Chemical Inventory of the Planet-hosting Disk PDS 70
Authors: Facchini Stefano , Teague Richard , Bae Jaehan , Benisty Myriam , Keppler Miriam , Isella Andrea
Published: August 2021

As host to two accreting planets, PDS 70 provides a unique opportunity to probe the chemical complexity of atmosphere-forming material. We present ALMA Band 6 observations of the PDS 70 disk and report the first chemical inventory of the system. With a spatial resolution of 0.″4–0.″5 (∼50 au), 12 species are detected, including CO isotopologs and formaldehyde, small hydrocarbons, HCN and HCO+ isotopologs, and S-bearing molecules. SO and CH3OH are not detected. All lines show a large cavity at the center of the disk, indicative of the deep gap carved by the massive planets. The radial profiles of the line emission are compared to the (sub)millimeter continuum and infrared scattered light intensity profiles. Different molecular transitions peak at different radii, revealing the complex interplay between density, temperature, and chemistry in setting molecular abundances. Column densities and optical depth profiles are derived for all detected molecules, and upper limits obtained for the nondetections. Excitation temperature is obtained for H2CO. Deuteration and nitrogen fractionation profiles from the hydrocyanide lines show radially increasing fractionation levels. Comparison of the disk chemical inventory to grids of chemical models from the literature strongly suggests a disk molecular layer hosting a carbon-to-oxygen ratio C/O > 1, thus providing for the first time compelling evidence of planets actively accreting high C/O ratio gas at present time.
Seeking Echoes of Circumstellar Disks in Kepler Light Curves
Authors: Bromley Benjamin C. , Leonard Austin , Quintanilla Amanda , King Austin J. , Mann Chris , Kenyon Scott J.
Published: August 2021

Light echoes of flares on active stars offer the opportunity for direct detection of circumstellar dust. We revisit the problem of identifying faint echoes in postflare light curves, focusing on debris disks from ongoing planet formation. Starting with simulations, we develop an algorithm for estimating the radial extent and total mass from disk echo profiles. We apply this algorithm to light curves from over 2100 stars observed by NASA’s Kepler mission, selected for multiple short-lived flares in either the long-cadence or short-cadence data sets. While flux uncertainties in light curves from individual stars preclude useful mass limits on circumstellar disks, catalog-averaged light curves yield constraints on disk mass that are comparable to estimates from known debris disks. The average mass in micron- to millimeter-sized dust around the Kepler stars cannot exceed 10% of an Earth mass in exo-Kuiper belts or 10% of a lunar mass in the terrestrial zone. We group stars according to IR excess, based on WISE W1–W3 color, as an indicator for the presence of circumstellar dust. The mass limits are greater for stars with strong IR excess, a hint that echoes are lurking not far beneath the noise in postflare light curves. With increased sensitivity, echo detection will let time-domain astronomy complement spectroscopic and direct-imaging studies in mapping how, when, and where planets form.
Signatures of Recent Cosmic-Ray Acceleration in the High-latitude Gamma-Ray Sky
Authors: Jóhannesson Guđlaugur , Porter Troy A.
Published: August 2021

Cosmic-ray (CR) sources temporarily enhance the relativistic particle density in their vicinity over the background distribution accumulated from the Galaxy-wide past injection activity and propagation. If individual sources are close enough to the solar system, their localized enhancements may present as features in the measured spectra of the CRs and in the associated secondary electromagnetic emissions. Large-scale loop-like structures visible in the radio sky are possible signatures of such nearby CR sources. If so, these loops may also have counterparts in the high-latitude γ-ray sky. Using ∼10 yr of data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope, applying Bayesian analysis including Gaussian Processes, we search for extended enhanced emission associated with putative nearby CR sources in the energy range from 1 GeV to 1 TeV for the sky region ∣b∣ > 30°. We carefully control the systematic uncertainty due to imperfect knowledge of the interstellar gas distribution. Radio Loop IV is identified for the first time as a γ-ray emitter, and we also find significant emission from Loop I. Strong evidence is found for asymmetric features about the Galactic l = 0° meridian that may be associated with parts of the so-called “Fermi Bubbles,” and some evidence is also found for γ-ray emission from other radio loops. Implications for the CRs producing the features and possible locations of the sources of the emissions are discussed.
White Dwarf Subsystems in Core-Collapsed Globular Clusters
Authors: Kremer Kyle , Rui Nicholas Z. , Weatherford Newlin C. , Chatterjee Sourav , Fragione Giacomo , Rasio Frederic A. , Rodriguez Carl L. , Ye Claire S.
Published: August 2021

Numerical and observational evidence suggests that massive white dwarfs dominate the innermost regions of core-collapsed globular clusters by both number and total mass. Using NGC 6397 as a test case, we constrain the features of white dwarf populations in core-collapsed clusters, both at present day and throughout their lifetimes. The dynamics of these white dwarf subsystems have a number of astrophysical implications. We demonstrate that the collapse of globular cluster cores is ultimately halted by the dynamical burning of white dwarf binaries. We predict that core-collapsed clusters in the local universe yield a white dwarf merger rate of



(
10
)

Gpc

−
3

yr

−
1

, roughly 0.1%–1% of the observed Type Ia supernova rate. We show that prior to merger, inspiraling white dwarf binaries will be observable as gravitational-wave sources at millihertz and decihertz frequencies. Over 90% of these mergers have a total mass greater than the Chandrasekhar limit. We argue that the merger/collision remnants, if not destroyed completely in an explosive transient, may be observed in core-collapsed clusters either as young neutron stars/pulsars/magnetars (in the event of accretion-induced collapse) or as young massive white dwarfs offset from the standard white dwarf cooling sequence. Finally, we show that collisions between white dwarfs and main-sequence stars, which may be detectable as bright transients, occur at a rate of



(
100
)

Gpc

−
3

yr

−
1

in the local universe. We find that these collisions lead to depletion of blue straggler stars and main-sequence star binaries in the centers of core-collapsed clusters.
Characterizing the Discovery of a New Trans-Neptunian Object Binary in a Trailed Point-spread Function Search
Authors: Pike Rosemary E. , Kanwar Jayatee , Alexandersen Mike , Chen 陳 Ying-Tung 英同 , Schwamb Megan E.
Published: August 2021

The Latitude Density Search utilized the Hyper Suprime-Cam on the Subaru Telescope to discover 60 moving objects in the outer solar system, 54 of which have semimajor axes beyond 30 au. The images were acquired in exceptional seeing (0.″4) and reached a detection limit of m

r
≃ 25.2. The two night arcs were used to calculate orbits that are poorly constrained; however, the distance and inclination are the parameters best constrained by short arcs, and a reasonable determination can be made of which objects are cold classical trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) and which are dynamically excited. We identify 10 objects as likely cold classical objects. We searched all of the detections for binary sources using a trailed point-spread function (PSF) subtraction method and identified one binary object with a separation of 0.″34 and a secondary with 17% the brightness of the primary (2.0 magnitudes fainter). This is the brightest TNO in the sample, the previously known object (471165) 2010 HE79, which has a dynamically excited orbit. Because of the excellent seeing, this search was sensitive to secondaries with 0.″34 separation and a brightness of ≥50% the primary brightness for seven objects, including one cold classical. This gives an intrinsic binary fraction of

17

−
10

+
19

% (one of six) for the dynamically excited objects within our detection limits. The trailed PSF subtraction method used in the Latitude Density Search to identify binaries, fit the two components, and determine the sensitivity limits is a useful tool that could be more broadly applied to identify binary TNOs and track known binary TNO orbits.
Cytokine Level and Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Authors: Amin Mustafa Mahmud , Effendy Elmeida
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND: The study was intended to find one of the cytokines, that is, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha correlation with PANSS scores of people with schizophrenia (PwS) and their differences compared to the healthy people of Malayan- Mongoloid Race. AIM: The aim of this study was providing a profile of TNF-alpha level in PwS of Malayan-Mongoloid race and its correlation with positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. METHODS: It was conducted using cross-sectional and following sampling methods, with inclusion and exclusion criteria set for the PwS and control groups. RESULTS: The result was no correlation between TNF-alpha levels with PANSS scores on PwS (p > 0.005), with very weak correlation and positive correlation direction, and there were differences in TNF-alpha levels.between PwS and control groups. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that the higher levels of TNF-alpha would impact on the severity symptoms experienced by PwS.
The Difference in Negative Scale Score Measured with Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in Schizophrenic Male Patient Treated with Risperidone in Addition to Vitamin E and Treated with Risperidone Alone at Prof. Dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan
Authors: Nanda Risni , Effendy Elmeida , Amin Mustafa Mahmud
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to investigate the difference in negative scale score in schizophrenic male patients that received vitamin E-fortified risperidone and those receiving risperidone treatments alone. METHODS: This study was a pre- and post-test experimental design which compared two groups; a group of men with schizophrenia who were given risperidone treatment with added Vitamin E and another group of men with schizophrenia who were given only risperidone treatment. The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Prof.dr. M. Ildrem Mental Hospital Medan, North Sumatra within August to November 2019. The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, North Sumatera University. The instrument used to assess negative scale on the subjects is PANSS. RESULTS: We found that statistical analysis using corrected Mann–Whitney U-test obtained p < 0.001 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was a strongly significant difference in negative scale Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores on 4th and 8th weeks in the group which received risperidone treatment with additional Vitamin E compared to the other group that received risperidone alone.