bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SIGNIFICANT FACTORS OF IMPLEMENTING OPEN BUILDING SYSTEMS IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Hosseini Mostafa , Izni Syahrizal Ibrahim , Aidin Nobahar Sadeghifam , Hamed Rahnama
Published: October 2022

Changes in the built environment are inevitable due to diversity in human needs over time and it is suggested by scientists to consider flexibility and adaptability under concept of Open Building Systems (OBS) to mitigate impacts on environment and to satisfy the end-user. However, conventional methods are still common due to the lack of knowledge in OBS, resistance to change, monopoly of conventional building material manufacturing, insufficient legislations and lack of awareness of end-users. This study initially aimed to identify the significant factors of OBS concept that positively influence the construction industry of Malaysia and to verify the factors based on expert’s view and ultimately to develop a conceptual framework. Both quantitative and qualitative research methods was employed to achieve these objectives including a comprehensive literature review on OBS to identify the main factors before verifying them by experts’ perspective through Delphi method and developing the conceptual framework through ANP decision-making methods. This research was done specifically for construction industry in Malaysia but it has contributions in similar methods worldwide. Outcome of the literature review signifies 48 factors. These factors were later verified by selected experts of the area and the result revealed that 44 factors were confirmed and classified under 8 main clusters. The findings show that “design for change” is the main influential variant among the main clusters followed by “standardization”, “manufacturing of OBS components”, “level of decision-making”, “theory of level”, “end-user oriented design”, “enhanced post construction maintenance”, “level of independency of building systems and subsystems”, and “OBS factors influencing sustainability development”. The main category of “design for change” includes the most influential factors such as “design for adaptability”, design for flexibility”, “design for generality”, “design for assembly”, “design for disassembly”, and “design based on service life span”. Some other significant sub factors include “modular coordination”, “identifying level of decision-making”, “end-user involvement”, “identifying ordering principles”, and “replace-ability”. This research will help practitioners in the construction industry to implement Open Building concept to achieve more adaptable Built Environment.
APPLICATION OF GAM MODEL TO PROTECTED AREAS OF THE NORTHWESTERN PART OF CENTRAL SERBIA
Authors: Perić Marija , Stankov Slobodanka
Published: October 2022

The research in this paper refers to the definition and scientific explanation of relevant indicators (indicators and sub-indicators) that effect on the development of geoheritage (Petnička cave, gorge of the river Gradac and Trešnjica, and Taor springs) and their placement on the tourism market. By applying the GAM model, it has been proven that geoheritage in this part of Serbia represents a very significant tourism potential, which must not be neglected, and even more underestimated. The results of the research showed that the Petnička cave represents the greatest tourism potential Z32, while the Taor springs have the lowest tourism value Z22. In the future, geoheritage sites need bigger promotion, infrastructure construction and the creation of their own tourism brand.
Kunstens muligheter i spesialpedagogisk arbeid
Authors: Gårdvik Mette
Published: October 2022

Antologien Kunstens muligheter i spesialpedagogisk arbeid er et høyaktuelt og viktig bidrag til arbeidet med å løfte mulighetsrommet som kunst og kulturfagene bidrar med for barn og unge med spesielle behov. Forfatterne, med representanter fra ulike kunstformer, spesialpedagoger og faglærere innen kunstfag gir leserne innblikk i verdifulle erfaringer og kompetanser og gir inspirasjon for videre kunstnerisk arbeid rettet mot målgruppen. De kreative prosessene og «settingene» kan vanskelig kopieres fra prosjekt til prosjekt men antologiens forskningsbaserte artikler fra praksisfeltet bør være på litteraturlisten for en rekke utdanninger. Alle barn og unge bør få muligheten til å sanse, uttrykke følelser og oppleve mestring og læring gjennom deltakelser i kunst og kulturfaglige prosjekt.
Choreographic Principles in 'Affective Choreographies'
Authors: Fiksdal Ingri Midgard
Published: October 2022

This article is based on my PhD project in artistic research, Affective Choreographies (2019), and the aim is to share this with focus on central research themes, research questions and choreographic principles developed within the practise. I will lay out two directions within affect theory; Brian Massumi’s theory of affect and Silvan Tomkins’ psychobiology of differential affects. The central research questions is “How can particular choreographic principles employed in the performances create potentiality for affect to occur amongst the audience?” Two perspectives are important to how these questions were approached; the audience as receivers of the performances where the questions were put into practise, and the idea of potentiality as something which can and cannot be actualized. The six performances created during the research period all took shape as what I have called choreography as assemblage. The choreographic assemblages contain both human and non-human movement which carry the potential for kinaesthetic transference.
Situated in choreographic assemblages and using kinaesthetic transference as a tool, three main choreographic principles were developed and employed through my research: minimal composition: slowness and repetition, multi-referencing and performer as matter. A particular focus is the affective potentiality within each choreographic principle and how these principles operate both within the realm of Massumian affect as well as within Tomkins School affect. This implies a blurring of the division between the two or working them simultaneously, something which might be a theoretical impossibility but still, I claim, possible in practise.
Cover image from Ingri Fiksdal's work Shadows of Tomorrow. Photo: Anders Lindén ©.
Uncovering the mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in a purple-leaved variety of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) by transcriptome analysis
Authors: Zhao Yaofei , Li Yaqiong , Zhen Xiaoxi , Zhang Jinli , Zhang Qianxiang , Liu Zhaowen , Hou Shupei , Han Yuanhuai , Zhang Bin
Published: October 2022

Anthocyanin is a natural pigment that has a functional role in plants to attract pollinating insects and is important in stress response. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica) is known as a nutritional crop with high resistance to drought and barren. However, the molecular mechanism regulating anthocyanin accumulation and the relationship between anthocyanin and the stress resistance of foxtail millet remains obscure. In this study, we screened hundreds of germplasm resources and obtained several varieties with purple plants in foxtail millet. By studying the purple-leaved B100 variety and the control variety, Yugu1 with green leaves, we found that B100 could accumulate a large amount of anthocyanin in the leaf epiderma, and B100 had stronger stress tolerance. Further transcriptome analysis revealed the differences in gene expression patterns between the two varieties. We identified nine genes encoding enzymes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis using quantitative PCR validation that showed significantly higher expression levels in B100 than Yugu1. The results of this study lay the foundation for the analysis of the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin accumulation in foxtail millet, and provided genetic resources for the molecular breeding of crops with high anthocyanin content.
Un asunto de familia: promoción del capital comunicativo y las identidades escriturales de los niños(as) pequeños(as)
Authors:   University of Texas at Austin, Davila Denise , Abril-Gonzalez Paty
Published: October 2022

Este estudio investiga las formas en las que los padres/madres/cuidadores multilingües apoyan las identidades emergentes de sus hijos(as) pequeños(as) como escritores(as) y comunicadores(as) en el hogar, en el contexto de un programa virtual de alfabetización temprana para familias de una comunidad históricamente marginada cerca de la frontera de los Estados Unidos y México. El estudio se centra en un conjunto de composiciones multimodales que los niños(as) de cuatro años escribieron durante una de las sesiones virtuales de videoconferencia. Las investigadoras emplearon un enfoque de análisis de discurso examinando las transcripciones de las sesiones virtuales, guiado por el concepto teórico de riqueza cultural comunitaria y el concepto pedagógico de acompañamiento. El análisis ofrece una narrativa contraria a los descriptores gubernamentales deficitarios (por ejemplo, bajos ingresos, bajos logros) asignados a niños(as) y familias de comunidades históricamente marginadas. Los padres y madres en el estudio estaban bien equipados para llevar a cabo pedagogías de acompañamiento que cultivan el capital comunicativo de sus hijos(as) y fomentan sus identidades como comunicadores capaces.
“Es como tu vida, pero en escritura”: experiencias de escritura libre en comunidad
Authors:   Universidad de O'Higgins (Chile), Concha Soledad , Jesús Espinosa María ,   Universidad Diego Portales
Published: October 2022

Se investigó la experiencia que vivieron estudiantes de distintos niveles escolares durante una intervención de escritura libre en comunidad. Se usaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con 15 estudiantes de dos escuelas para recoger recuerdos, relatos espontáneos e interpretaciones de la experiencia. Se realizaron análisis intersubjetivos e inductivos de todas las entrevistas y se construyeron resultados en torno a tres ejes de la experiencia: el plano individual, el social y el situado. Se evidencia una alta valoración de que la vida personal tenga lugar en la escritura escolar, como expresión y vivencia de emociones, desahogo de penas y problemas, escritura sobre temas de interés, reflexión sobre la propia vida y ejercicio de la identidad. Destaca también la postura de que escribir en el aula no tenga que ser un ejercicio impostado, estructurado, rutinario y punitivo, como suele ser, y que haya oportunidades para escribir libremente en un ambiente benévolo en el que pares y docentes colaboran con autenticidad y en torno a temas valiosos para la comunidad.
Prácticas de literacidad digital de estudiantes universitarios: contrastes entre contextos vernáculos y académicos
Authors:   Universidad del Valle, Colombia, López Gil Karen
Published: October 2022

Este artículo pretende contrastar las prácticas de literacidad digital de estudiantes universitarios de primer año en ámbitos vernáculos y académicos. Se sitúa desde enfoques socioculturales que conciben al lenguaje como un proceso construido y mediado socialmente. Se planteó un diseño etnográfico y se llevaron a cabo estudios de caso con seis jóvenes colombianos con diferentes perfiles de participación en línea. La información se recolectó mediante tecnobiografías y tecnodiarios, entrevistas en profundidad, observación participante y revisión documental multimodal. Para contrastar las prácticas, se abordaron cuatro categorías: géneros discursivos, multimodalidad, interacción e identidad. Se encontró una diversidad de prácticas de los participantes, quienes configuran sus usos de acuerdo con sus concepciones sobre la escritura, sus intereses y trayectorias. Los jóvenes tienen, principalmente, prácticas de recepción de contenidos textuales y audiovisuales e interacción en línea, pero muestran un alto compromiso y estructuración de sus actividades cuando se involucran en dinámicas de creación y participación. Se evidencian algunas desconexiones entre los ámbitos, que pueden deberse a las concepciones sobre lo vernáculo como menos relevante, pero más entretenido, y a la percepción de lo académico como estrictamente normativo. Conocer las prácticas de los estudiantes dentro y fuera del contexto académico puede aportar tanto a una mejor comprensión de sus formas de literacidad digital como a la consolidación de procesos educativos flexibles que permitan integrar los desarrollos construidos por los jóvenes en distintos ámbitos.
Negociación de identidades académicas y profesionales en la escritura de tesis en pregrado
Authors:   Lancaster University, Montes Soledad , Figueroa Arce Catalina ,   Universidad de Chile, Klener Hans ,   Universidad de Chile, Vera Julio ,   Universidad de Chile, Tamburrino Ítalo ,   Universidad de Chile, Gómez Pablo ,   Universidad de Chile
Published: October 2022

Desde una aproximación a la escritura como práctica social, exploramos la construcción de identidades académicas en el proceso de elaboración de la tesis de pregrado en una universidad chilena. Se aplicó un cuestionario en línea y se realizaron entrevistas a estudiantes de cuatro áreas disciplinares. Los participantes reportan que el proceso de tesis significa un aprendizaje enriquecedor, pero también lo describen como un proceso solitario y poco motivante. Además, observamos tres formas de negociación identitaria que facilitaron u obstruyeron el involucramiento y la motivación hacia la tesis: la negociación de trayectorias diversas, de una voz propia y del campo disciplinar. A partir de estos hallazgos, se sugieren recomendaciones para orientar el desarrollo de programas de acompañamiento a la escritura de tesis. Finalmente, este estudio da cuenta de formas de negociación identitaria que juegan un rol central en el involucramiento de los estudiantes en su proceso de tesis.
ТЕЛЕСКОП ART-XC им. М.Н. ПАВЛИНСКОГО ОБСЕРВАТОРИИ «СПЕКТР-РЕНТГЕН-ГАММА», "Земля и Вселенная"
Authors: Лутовинов А.А.
Published: October 2022

Телескоп ART-XC им. М.Н. Павлинского, установленный на борту космической обсерватории «Спектр-Рентген-Гамма» («Спектр-РГ», или СРГ), является первым российским зеркальным рентгеновским телескопом. Идея создания такого телескопа принадлежала Михаилу Николаевичу Павлинскому, заместителю директора ИКИ РАН. Он же был руководителем работ по его разработке и созданию и первым научным руководителем. С 2019 г. телескоп успешно работает в космосе, с его помощью уже получены результаты мирового уровня, представленные в нескольких десятках опубликованных научных статей. Ниже и в других статьях этого номера журнала «Земля и Вселенная» будет рассказано как о самом телескопе ART-XC им. М.Н. Павлинского, так и о некоторых научных результатах, полученных с его помощью.
МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Черняев М.В. , Горохов С.А. , Патюков С.И. , Ганыкина Е.А. , Резванов А.А. , Заев И.А. , Хорьков В.А.
Published: October 2022

Проведено моделирование химических процессов в реакторе пониженного давления при проведении процесса окисления с генерацией пара у поверхности кремниевой пластины (in situ steam-generation – ISSG) на установке быстрого термического окисления. С использованием модели реактора идеального смешения определен состав газовой среды (концентрации компонентов смеси) в зависимости от входных параметров процесса: температуры, давления, расходов водорода и кислорода. Установлены условия образования в окислительной камере максимальной концентрации атомов кислорода, определяющих процесс радикального окисления. Проведена экспериментальная верификация расчета.
ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ ВЕЛИЧИНЫ И СОСТАВА УЛОВОВ ПРОМЫСЛОВЫХ РЫБ В ТАГАНРОГСКОМ ЗАЛИВЕ В XXI ВЕКЕ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Балыкин П.А. , Савицкая С.С. , Старцев А.В.
Published: October 2022

Выполнен анализ динамики величины и состава российских уловов промысловых рыб в Таганрогском заливе (Азовское море) в XXI столетии с применением промысловой статистики и научных данных. Описано изменение солености вод Азовского моря. Хотя в последние годы уловы в Таганрогском заливе уменьшаются, он остается важным районом рыболовства, обеспечивая 20–30% суммарной годовой добычи в Азовском море. На фоне снижения общего улова рыб существенно меняется его структура – наблюдается закономерное увеличение доли морских рыб, в том числе бычков. Доля тюльки в уловах за последние два десятилетия уменьшилась более чем в 3 раза. В последние 3–5 лет в условиях осолонения в Азовском море отмечено увеличение запасов нерыбных промысловых объектов, в первую очередь моллюсков – мидии и рапаны. Предложено повысить добычу морских и солоноватоводных видов, ввести временный запрет на промысел полупроходных рыб.
ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ СИСТЕМ ГЕМОСТАЗА И ФИБРИНОЛИЗА У БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ ЛЕГКИХ, ПЕРЕНЕСШИХ COVID-19, В ПРЕД- И ПОСЛЕОПЕРАЦИОННОМ ПЕРИОДАХ, "Вестник ЦНИИТ"
Authors: Абдуллаев Р.Ю. , Комиссарова О.Г. , Красникова Е.В. , Багиров М.А. , Эргешов А.Э.
Published: October 2022

В статье представлены результаты сравнительного исследования состояния систем гемостаза и фибринолиза у 16 больных туберкулезом (ТБ) легких, перенесших COVID-19, и у 18 больных ТБ легких без COVID-19, поступивших в клинику ФГБНУ «ЦНИИТ» для хирургического лечения. Было установлено, что в предоперационном периоде у больных ТБ легких, переболевших COVID-19, имел место гиперкоагуляционный сдвиг в плазменном компоненте системы гемостаза, сопровождавшийся гипертромбинемией и компенсаторной активацией системы фибринолиза. Об этом свидетельствовало укорочение показателя активированного парциального тромбопластинового времени (АПТВ) и повышение уровня Д-димера. Анализ результатов исследования маркеров систем гемостаза и фибринолиза показал, что через 1 сутки после оперативного вмешательства в обеих группах определялся гиперкоагуляционный сдвиг, что документировалось укорочением показателя АПТВ, повышением уровня фибриногена, снижением тромбинового времени и уровня антитромбина III (АТ III), а также увеличением уровня Д-димера. Вместе с тем наиболее выраженный гиперкоагуляционный сдвиг наблюдался у пациентов ТБ, перенесших COVID-19. Через 7 суток после оперативного вмешательства показатели АПТВ, AT III и тромбинового времени в обеих группах значимо не отличались от здоровых. Уровень фибриногена в группе пациентов, переболевших COVID-19, несколько снижался, но был выше по сравнению со здоровыми, а в группе сравнения значимо не отличался от здоровых. Содержание Д-димера в сыворотке крови у больных ТБ легких, перенесших COVID-19, продолжало расти и было значительно выше по сравнению со здоровыми, а у больных ТБ легких без COVID-19 уровень Д-димера существенно не изменялся.
Elasticity of Travel Time and Travel Cost of Private Vehicles and Public Transportation in Bandung, Indonesia
Authors: Helmmie Elshaan , Joewono Tri Basuki
Published: October 2022

Understanding mechanism of users in responding determinant variables to use mode of transport is beneficial to anticipate the effect of policy. This study aims to identify the elasticity value of travel time and travel cost of the users of private vehicles and public transportation. Using data from users of private vehicles and public transport in Bandung, Indonesia, the elasticity of travel time and travel cost was calculated based on estimated multinomial logit model (MNL) logit. The elasticity was calculated based on gasoline prices, parking fees, transfer fees, access times, travel times, and waiting times. Based on the results of the elasticity values for travel attribute, it was found that in access time and travel time, Trans Metro Bandung (TMB) Bus had the largest elasticity of -0,564 and -5,001, respectively, so TMB Bus was the most sensitive to changes in access time and travel time. In terms of waiting times and fixed costs/gasoline, conventional taxi has the highest elasticity values of -2,630 and -1,604, respectively, so conventional taxi is the most sensitive to changes in waiting time and fixed costs/gasoline.
Anatomy of an Iron Age Roundhouse
Authors: Armit Ian
Published: October 2022

Wheelhouses were Iron Age buildings of great sophistication. Although found only in northern Scotland, they belong to a much wider “roundhouse tradition” that, before the arrival of the Romans, covered the whole of Britain. When tidal erosion on Cnip beach in west Lewis uncovered a spectacularly well-preserved wheelhouse complex, it presented a rare opportunity to shed new light on the extraordinary architectural phenomenon. The uniquely detailed sequence at Cnip enabled the excavation team to trace the settlement from conception to abandonment, dissecting the buildings and generating new insights into the daily lives of the Iron Age islanders, their relationships with their environment, and with their neighbours. This volume sets out the results of the excavations, placing them in the wider context of the British and European Iron Age.
Anesthesia Care for Cataract Surgery in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Perumal Dhivya , Dudley R. Adams , Gan Siqi , Boscardin W. John , Gill Aditya , Gelb Adrian W. , Lee Sei J. , Chen Catherine L.
Published: October 2022

Importance

Cataract surgery in the US is routinely performed with anesthesia care, whereas anesthesia care for other elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures is applied more selectively.

Objective

To identify predictors of anesthesia care in Medicare beneficiaries undergoing cataract surgery and evaluate anesthesia care for cataract surgery compared with other elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective observational cohort study included Medicare beneficiaries 66 years or older who underwent cataract surgery in 2017. The data were analyzed from August 2020 through May 2021.

Interventions (for clinical trials) or Exposures (for observational studies)

Anesthesia care during elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Prevalence of anesthesia care during cataract surgery compared with other low-risk procedures; association of anesthesia care with patient, clinician, and health system characteristics; and proportion of patients experiencing a systemic complication within 7 days of cataract surgery compared with patients undergoing other low-risk procedures.

Results

Among 36 652 cataract surgery patients, the mean (SD) age was 74.7 (6.1) years; 21 690 (59.2%) were female; 2200 (6.6%) were Black and 32 049 (87.4%) were White. Anesthesia care was more common among patients undergoing cataract surgery compared with patients undergoing other low-risk procedures (89.8% vs range of <1% to 70.2%). Neither the patient’s age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00-1.02; P = .01) nor Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score (CCI of ≥3: adjusted odds ratio, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.95-1.18; P = .28; reference, CCI score of 0-1) was strongly associated with anesthesia care for cataract surgery, but a model comprising a single variable identifying the ophthalmologist predicted anesthesia care with a C statistic of 0.96. Approximately 6.0% of ophthalmologists never used anesthesia care, 76.6% always used anesthesia care, and 17.4% used it for only a subset of patients. Fewer cataract surgery patients experienced systemic complications within 7 days (2833 [7.7%]), even when limited to patients of ophthalmologists who never used anesthesia care (108 [7.4%]), than patients undergoing other low-risk procedures (range, 13.2%-52.2%).

Conclusions and Relevance

The results of this cohort study suggest that systemic complications occurred less frequently after cataract surgery compared with other elective, low-risk, outpatient procedures during which anesthesia care was less commonly used. Anesthesia care was not associated with patient characteristics, such as older age or worse health status, but with the ophthalmologists’ usual approach to cataract surgery sedation. The study findings suggest an opportunity to use anesthesia care more selectively in patients undergoing cataract surgery.
Diffuse Cortical Injury and Basal Ganglia High Signals on Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease
Authors: Guo Xuejun , Wang Zhaoxia , Li Fan
Published: October 2022

This case report describes a patient who was admitted to the hospital owing to sudden-onset involuntary and irregular movements of his left limbs.
Peripartum Outcomes Associated With COVID-19 Vaccination During Pregnancy
Authors: Watanabe Atsuyuki , Yasuhara Jun , Iwagami Masao , Miyamoto Yoshihisa , Yamada Yuji , Suzuki Yukio , Takagi Hisato , Kuno Toshiki
Published: October 2022

Importance

The risk and benefits of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy are under investigation. Pooled evidence regarding neonatal and maternal outcomes in association with COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy is scarce.

Objective

To evaluate the association between COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and peripartum outcomes.

Data Sources

PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched on April 5, 2022. Language restrictions were not applied.

Study Selection

Prospective trials and observational studies comparing the individuals who received at least 1 COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy with those who did not and reporting the neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar score, neonatal intensive care units (NICU) admission, and intrauterine fetal death (IFD).

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Two independent investigators extracted relevant data from each study. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using a random-effects model. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were the neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar score, NICU admission, and IFD. The secondary outcomes were maternal outcomes, including maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, cesarean delivery, postpartum hemorrhage, and chorioamnionitis.

Results

Nine observational studies involving 81 349 vaccinated (mean age, 32-35 years) and 255 346 unvaccinated individuals during pregnancy (mean age, 29.5-33 years) were included. COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with lower risk of NICU admission (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97) and IFD (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94), whereas there was no statistically significant association with preterm birth (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04), small for gestational age (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.94-1.04), and low Apgar score (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.87-1.02). COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.22-0.93), whereas it was not associated with increased risk of cesarean delivery (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.93-1.20), postpartum hemorrhage (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83-1.07), and chorioamnionitis (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.86-1.31).

Conclusions and Relevance

COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy was not associated with an increase in the risk of peripartum outcomes, was associated with a decreased risk of NICU admission, IFD, and maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, COVID-19 vaccination should be encouraged for pregnant individuals.
Prx1+ MPCs Accumulate in the Dura Mater of Wild‐Type and p21−/− Mice Followed by a Specific Reduction in p21−/− Dural MPCs
Authors: Shah Sophia S. , Salo Paul T. , Lyons Frank G. , Mitha Alim P. , Krawetz Roman J.
Published: October 2022

Epidural fat contains a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs), and this study explores the behavior of these cells on the adjacent dura mater during growth and in response to injury in a p21 knockout mouse model. p21−/− mice are known to have increased cell proliferation and enhanced tissue regeneration post‐injury. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the process by which epidural fat MPCs maintain the dura mater can be accelerated in p21−/− mice. Using a Prx1 lineage tracing mouse model, the epidural fat MPCs are found to increase in the dura mater over time in both C57BL/6 (p21+/+) and p21−/− mice; however, by 3 weeks post‐tamoxifen induction, few MPCs are observed in p21−/− mice. These endogenous MPCs also localize to dural injuries in both mouse strains, with MPCs in p21−/− mice demonstrating increased proliferation. When epidural fat MPCs derived from p21−/− mice are transplanted into dural injuries in C57BL/6 mice, these MPCs are found in the injury site. It is demonstrated that epidural fat MPCs play a role in dural tissue maintenance and are able to directly contribute to dural injury repair. This suggests that these MPCs have the potential to treat injuries and/or pathologies in tissues surrounding the spinal cord.
The T Cell Journey: A Tour de Force
Authors: Alatoom Aseel , ElGindi Mei , Sapudom Jiranuwat , Teo Jeremy C. M.
Published: October 2022

T cells act as the puppeteers in the adaptive immune response, and their dysfunction leads to the initiation and progression of pathological conditions. During their lifetime, T cells experience myriad forces that modulate their effector functions. These forces are imposed by interacting cells, surrounding tissues, and shear forces from fluid movement. In this review, a journey with T cells is made, from their development to their unique characteristics, including the early studies that uncovered their mechanosensitivity. Then the studies pertaining to the responses of T cell activation to changes in antigen‐presenting cells’ physical properties, to their immediate surrounding extracellular matrix microenvironment, and flow conditions are highlighted. In addition, it is explored how pathological conditions like the tumor microenvironment can hinder T cells and allow cancer cells to escape elimination.
In Situ Construction of Gradient Oxygen Release Buffer and Interface Cation Self‐Accelerator Stabilizing High‐Voltage Ni‐Rich Cathode
Authors: Dai Zhongsheng , Zhao Huiling , Chen Weixin , Zhang Qi , Song Xiaosheng , He Guanjie , Zhao Yong , Lu Xia , Bai Ying
Published: October 2022

Ni‐rich cathodes with superior energy densities have spurred extensive attention for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), whereas their commercialization is hampered by structural degradation, thermal runaway, and dramatic capacity fading. Herein, boron (B) with high binding energy to oxygen (O) is gradiently incorporated into each primary particle and piezoelectric Li2B4O7 (LBO) is homogeneously deposited on the secondary particles of polycrystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) surface through a facile in situ construction strategy, intending to synchronously enhance electrochemical stabilities and Li+ kinetics upon cycling. Particularly, the as‐obtained LBO modified NCM811 cathode exhibits an excellent capacity retention (88.9% after 300 cycles, 1 C) and rate performance (112.2 mAh g−1, 10 C) with Li metal anode, the NCM811‐LBO/Li4Ti5O12 full cell achieves a capacity retention of 92.6% after 1000 cycles (0.5 C). Intensive explorations in theoretical calculation, multi‐scale in/ex situ characterization and finite element analysis ascertain that the improvement mechanism of LBO modification can be attributed to the synergistic contributions of rational designed O release buffer and interface cation self‐accelerator. This study provides a facile and practical method to prevent structural degradation and thermal runaway for high‐energy LIBs.
Wearable Surface‐Lighting Micro‐Light‐Emitting Diode Patch for Melanogenesis Inhibition
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Ahn Yuri , Lee Han Eol , Jang You Na , Park A. Yeon , Kim Shinho , Jung Young Hoon , Sung Sang Hyun , Shin Jung Ho , Lee Seung Hyung , Park Sang Hyun , Kim Ki Soo , Jang Min Seok , Kim Beom Joon , Oh Sang Ho , Lee Keon Jae
Published: October 2022

Wearable light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based phototherapeutic devices have recently attracted attention as skin care tools for wrinkles, acne, and hyperpigmentation. However, the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of LED stimulators are still controversial due to their inefficient light transfer, high heat generation, and non‐uniform spot irradiation. Here, a wearable surface‐lighting micro‐LED (SµLED) photostimulator is reported for skin care and cosmetic applications. The SµLEDs, consisting of a light diffusion layer (LDL), 900 thin film µLEDs, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), achieve uniform surface‐lighting in 2 × 2 cm2‐sized area with 100% emission yields. The SµLEDs maximize photostimulation effectiveness on the skin surface by uniform irradiation, high flexibility, and thermal stability. The SµLED's effect on melanogenesis inhibition is evaluated via in vitro and in vivo experiments to human skin equivalents (HSEs) and mouse dorsal skin, respectively. The anti‐melanogenic effect of SµLEDs is confirmed by significantly reduced levels of melanin contents, melan‐A, tyrosinase, and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), compared to a conventional LED (CLED) stimulator.
Dopant‐Free Bithiophene‐Imide‐Based Polymeric Hole‐Transporting Materials for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Bai Yuanqing , Zhou Zhisheng , Xue Qifan , Liu Chunchen , Li Ning , Tang Haoran , Zhang Jiabin , Xia Xinxin , Zhang Jie , Lu Xinhui , Brabec Christoph J. , Huang Fei
Published: October 2022

The development of hole‐transport materials (HTMs) with high mobility, long‐term stability, and comprehensive passivation is significant for simultaneously improving the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). Herein, two donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers PBTI and PFBTI with alternating benzodithiophene (BDT) and bithiophene imide (BTI) units are successfully developed with desirable hole mobilities due to the good planarity and extended conjugation of molecular backbone. Both copolymers can be employed as HTMs with suitable energy levels and efficient defect passivation. Shortening the alkyl chain of the BTI unit and introducing fluorine atoms on the BDT moiety effectively enhances hole mobility and hydrophobicity of the HTMs, leading to improved efficiency and stability of PVSCs. As a result, the organic–inorganic hybrid PVSCs with PFBTI as the HTM deliver a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.1% with enhanced long‐term operational and ambient stability, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for PVSCs with dopant‐free polymeric HTMs to date. Moreover, PFBTI can be applied in inorganic PVSCs and perovskite/organic tandem solar cells, achieving a high PCE of 17.4% and 22.2%, respectively. These results illustrate the great potential of PFBTI as an efficient and widely applicable HTM for cost‐effective and stable PVSCs.
Self‐Propelled Nanomotors with an Alloyed Engine for Emergency Rescue of Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Wang Heping , Chen Xi , Qi Yilin , Wang Chunxiao , Huang Liwen , Wang Ran , Li Jiamin , Xu Xihan , Zhou Yutong , Liu Yang , Xue Xue
Published: October 2022

In severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI), acute oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades rapidly spread to cause irreversible brain damage and low survival rate within minutes. Therefore, developing a feasible solution for the quick‐treatment of life‐threatening emergency is urgently demanded to earn time for hospital treatment. Herein, Janus catalysis‐driven nanomotors (JCNs) are carefully constructed via plasma‐induced alloying technology and sputtering‐caused half‐coating strategy. The theoretical calculation and experiment results indicate that the heteroatom‐doping alloyed engine endows JCNs with much higher catalytic activity for removing reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species than common Pt‐based engines. When JCNs are dropped to the surface of the ruptured skull, they can effectively catalyze endogenous hydrogen peroxide, which induces movement as fuels to promote JCNs to deep brain lesions for further nanocatalyst‐mediated cascade‐blocking therapy. The results demonstrate that the JCNs successfully block the inflammatory cascades, thereby reversing multiple behavioral defects and dramatically declining the mortality of sTBI mice. This work provides a revolutionary nanomotor‐based strategy to sense brain injury and scavenge oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the JCNs provide a feasible strategy to adapt various first‐aid scenarios due to their self‐propelled movement combined with highly multienzyme‐like catalytic activity, exhibiting tremendous therapeutic potential to help people for emergency pretreatment.
Oxygen Evolution Activity of Amorphous Cobalt Oxyhydroxides: Interconnecting Precatalyst Reconstruction, Long‐Range Order, Buffer‐Binding, Morphology, Mass Transport, and Operation Temperature
Authors: Hausmann J. Niklas , Mebs Stefan , Dau Holger , Driess Matthias , Menezes Prashanth W.
Published: October 2022

Nanocrystalline or amorphous cobalt oxyhydroxides (CoCat) are promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). While having the same short‐range order, CoCat phases possess different electrocatalytic properties. This phenomenon is not conclusively understood, as multiple interdependent parameters affect the OER activity simultaneously. Herein, a layered cobalt borophosphate precatalyst, Co(H2O)2[B2P2O8(OH)2]·H2O, is fully reconstructed into two different CoCat phases. In contrast to previous reports, this reconstruction is not initiated at the surface but at the electrode substrate to catalyst interface. Ex situ and in situ investigations of the two borophosphate derived CoCats, as well as the prominent CoPi and CoBi identify differences in the Tafel slope/range, buffer binding and content, long‐range order, number of accessible edge sites, redox activity, and morphology. Considering and interconnecting these aspects together with proton mass‐transport limitations, a comprehensive picture is provided explaining the different OER activities. The most decisive factors are the buffers used for reconstruction, the number of edge sites that are not inhibited by irreversibly bonded buffers, and the morphology. With this acquired knowledge, an optimized OER system is realized operating in near‐neutral potassium borate medium at 1.62 ± 0.03 VRHE yielding 250 mA cm−2 at 65 °C for 1 month without degrading performance.
Strong and Tough Supramolecular Microneedle Patches with Ultrafast Dissolution and Rapid‐Onset Capabilities
Authors: Wang Hua , Fu Yangxue , Mao Jinzhu , Jiang Hao , Du Shuo , Liu Pei , Tao Juan , Zhang Lianbin , Zhu Jintao
Published: October 2022

Dissolving microneedle (DMN) patches are emerging as a minimally invasive and efficient transdermal drug delivery platform. Generally, noncrystalline, water‐soluble, and high‐molecular‐weight polymers are employed in DMNs because their sufficient intermolecular interactions can endow the DMNs with necessary mechanical strength and toughness. However, high viscosity and heavy chain entanglement of polymer solutions greatly hinder processing and dissolution of polymeric DMNs. Here, a strong and tough supramolecular DMN patch made of highly water‐soluble cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives is described. Due to the synergy of multiple supramolecular interactions, the CD DMN patch exhibits robust mechanical strength outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art polymeric DMNs. The CD DMN displays ultrafast dissolution (<30 s) in skin models by virtue of the dynamic and weak noncovalent bonds, which also enables the CD DMN and its payloads to diffuse rapidly into the deep skin layer. Moreover, the unique supramolecular structure of CD allows the CD DMNs to load not only hydrophilic drugs (e.g., rhodamine B as a model) but also hydrophobic model drugs (e.g., ibuprofen). As a proof‐of‐concept, CD DMNs loading ibuprofen show a rapid onset of therapeutic action in a xylene‐induced acute inflammation model in mice. This work opens a new avenue for the development of mechanically robust supramolecular DMNs and broadens the applications of supramolecular materials.
Experiments‐Guided Modeling of MCM‐41: Impact of Pore Symmetry on Gas Adsorption
Authors: Carta Paola , Cara Claudio , Cannas Carla , Scorciapino Mariano Andrea
Published: October 2022

Among mesoporous ordered silica‐based materials, MCM‐41 is widely employed in both experimental and computational investigations of gas adsorption. Specific surface area and pore size distribution are typically obtained by analyzing the N2 adsorption isotherm. To this aim, different models and theories are available, and which one is more accurate is under debate. On the computational side, the in silico model ought to match the characteristics of real samples and reproduce the macroscopic performance. While the typical hexagonal symmetry is usually considered, the tetragonal one is sometimes applied without any explained rationale. Interestingly, during the last decade, the preparation of mesoporous silica‐based materials with rare tetragonal symmetry is reported, indeed, but these are never tested as gas sorbents. In the present work, computer models with different symmetry are compared for their ability to reproduce the available experimental data from real samples. The combination of grand‐canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations is used to probe the differences at the microscopic level. The surface‐adsorbed gas molecules are differently ordered and a different type of N2 adsorption isotherm is correspondingly found.
High‐Performance MXene‐Based Flexible and Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on a Micro‐Pyramid Structured Active Layer
Authors: Fang Xiaohui , Min Lizhen , Qin Zhen , Gong Shun , Zhao Biao , Lv Yuhuan , Pan Kai
Published: October 2022

With the advent of smart era, constructing high‐quality flexible electronic devices is urgently demanded. In this contribution, a flexible and wearable pressure sensor with high stability is tactfully designed and prepared based on pyramid‐like MXene film. The investigated pyramid‐like MXene film is fabricated by a simple and low‐cost substrate shrinkage method. Owing to the conical pyramid structure, the resulting pressure sensor can output continuous and stable electrical signal under stress, and has good cycling stability and long working life (18 000 cycles). Specifically, the sensitivity of the sensor can reach up to 64.56 kPa−1 under small stress, and the sensing range is 4.9 Pa–98 kPa. Moreover, the response and recovery time under small stress is 59 and 15 ms, respectively. The sensing mechanism of the pressure sensor is explored. The prepared flexible wearable sensor shows great application potential in human motion and health monitoring.
Flexible and Shape‐Morphing Plant Sensors Designed for Microenvironment Temperature Monitoring of Irregular Surfaces
Authors: Dong Kairu , Wang Yichao , Zhang Ruiping , Wang Zhouheng , Zhao Xingwei , Chang Zheng , Lu Bingwei , Zhao Qian
Published: October 2022

Flexible plant sensors play a critical role in smart agriculture due to their advantages in real‐time monitoring physiological signals of plants, and are experiencing growth in recent years. Such devices are expected to be directly placed on surfaces of plant organs for better detection. However, most existing sensors based on the planar substrate are not able to adapt to nondevelopable surfaces of plants, and are unsatisfactory in biocompatibility. Herein, considering the complexity of the plant surface, flexible temperature sensors for leaves and fruits are developed. The leaf temperature sensor is based on the porous substrate, which is designed to minimize its effect on plant respiration, and is demonstrated to measure temperature changes accurately after long‐time integration with a leaf. By mechanical design, the fruit temperature sensor realizes the transformation from a planar shape to a tridimensional shape, and is demonstrated to work on a variety of complex curved surfaces without loss of performance. The proposed shape‐morphing structure expands the capabilities of current planar electronics, and links thin‐film technology to spatial deformable devices. Results of the in vitro experiments show that these two proposed sensors hold promise to monitor microenvironment temperature in plant biology.
Cycloalkyl Fused Dibenzofuran Derived Green Ir(III) Complexes Possessing High Horizontal Emitting Dipole Orientation Ratios and Color Stability at High Doping Concentrations
Authors: Kim Seung Chan , Hong Wan Pyo , Lee Jun Yeob
Published: October 2022

In this study, the photophysical characteristics and electroluminescence of three green Ir(III) complexes with newly created cycloalkyl fused dibenzofuran ligands are examined. The results demonstrate that the cycloalkyl fused dibenzofuran ligand can modify the intermolecular interactions and alter the horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratios of dopants in phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). One of the three phosphors, Ir(TBF)2(mppy), shows high photoluminescence quantum yield of 0.96 and a high horizontal emitting dipole orientation ratio of 0.80. Therefore, an optimized PhOLED using Ir(TBF)2(mppy) exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 27.1% and a very small efficiency roll‐off with a high EQE of 25.1% at 10 000 cd m−2. It is significant that the high EQE device maintains the CIE chromaticity coordinates over a wide doping concentration range (3–10 wt%), thus creating new possibilities for the dopant design strategy for the practical use of PhOLEDs.
Recent Progress of Electron‐Withdrawing‐Group‐Tethered Arenes Involved Asymmetric Nucleophilic Aromatic Functionalizations
Authors: Li Yan‐Li , Wang Kai‐Kai , He Xiao‐Long
Published: October 2022

Electron‐withdrawing groups (EWG) have emerged as a powerful tool for the activation of various arenes to promote nucleophilic dearomative additions for the construction of complicated chiral cyclic structures under asymmetric catalytic systems. Nitro‐indoles, nitro‐benzofurans/benzothiophenes, and related nitro‐heteroarenes are widely applied in the reaction with various nucleophiles to construct various enantioenriched polycyclic skeletons via the asymmetric dearomatization process. Meanwhile, the electron‐deficient azo‐group and nitroso‐group are an alternative powerful tool for the activation of arenes, which enable formal nucleophilic aromatic arylations with various electrophilic aromatics to construct novel chiral biaryl atropisomers. Besides, azo‐naphthanenes are served as dipolar surrogates in the reaction with nucleophilic dipolarophiles to proceed asymmetric cycloadditions to construct chiral polycyclic skeletons. The EWG‐tethered arene has proven to be a versatile protocol for the construction of structurally diversified chiral backbones. This review summarizes the latest progress of the EWG‐tethered arenes involved asymmetric transformations under organo‐ or transition metal catalysis.

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Digital light processing (DLP)‐based (bio)printing strategies for tissue modeling and regeneration
Authors: Li Hongbin , Dai Jiliang , Wang Zixuan , Zheng Heshan , Li Wanlu , Wang Mian , Cheng Feng
Published: October 2022

Digital light processing (DLP)‐based bioprinting technology has recently aroused considerable concerns as a strategy to deliver biomedical materials and/or specific cells to create sophisticated structures for various tissue modeling and regeneration. In this review, we display a concise introduction of DLP bioprinting, and a further discussion on the design and manufacture of DLP (bio)printer with varied bioinks and their biomedical applications toward drug screening, disease modeling, tissue repair, and regenerative medicine. Finally, the advantages, challenges, and perspectives of the DLP printing platforms are detailed. It is believed that DLP bioprinting will play a decisive role in the field of tissue model and regenerative medicine, mainly due to its time‐efficient, higher resolution, and amenability to automation for various tissue needs.