bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
P1PK: a blood group system with an identity crisis
Authors: Hellberg Åsa
Published: August 2019

The P1PK blood group system (ISBT no. 003) was previously called the P blood group system, and the number of included antigens has varied over time. The history of the system is complicated and sometimes confusing, since several changes to the nomenclature have been made. Furthermore, the association between the antigens and their genetic home has raised many questions, as well as the long‐standing enigma regarding the molecular mechanism underlying the common P1 and P2 phenotypes. Step by step, the biochemical and genetic basis underlying the antigens expressed in this system has been revealed. This review will start with the historical background and continue with the latest findings, answering some of the questions such as why individuals with p phenotype lack not only Pk and P expression, but also P1, and whether the P1 antigens exist on both glycolipids and glycoproteins on the human red blood cells.
Acetone photoactivated process: application to the degradation of refractory organic pollutants in very saline waters
Authors: Bendjama Hafida , Merouani Slimane , Hamdaoui Oualid , Bouhelassa Mohammed
Published: August 2019

Herein, we show the first report on the degradation of hazardous organic pollutants in very saline matrice (seawater) using acetone photoactivated process at 253.7 nm. Chloral black (CB), a very persistent dye of well‐established carcinogenic and mutagenic effects, was chosen a substrate model. The photodegradation of CB was monotonically increased in the presence of acetone. About 90% of CB (25.5 µM) was removed after 30 minutes in the presence of 50 mM of acetone whereas only 30% of removal was achieved under UV alone. The process is very sensitive to operational conditions. Chemical probes' tests using oxygen and KI have evidenced that methyl radical (CH3●) is the primarily radical involved in the CB degradation upon UV/acetone treatment. The formation of CH3● is thermodynamically favourable since the energy per Einstein of 253.7 nm light (~113 kcal) is large enough to break the C–C bond in the acetone molecule (70 kcal).
Effect of flow velocity on phosphorus uptake by bed sediments
Authors: Cheng Haoke , Zhu Xiaolian
Published: August 2019

The transport, transformation and ultimate fate of phosphorus (P) in river systems are significantly influenced by hydrodynamic conditions. To investigate the effect of flow velocity on the P uptake by bed sediments, a series of laboratory experiments are carried out in an incubator shaker and an annular flume. The results showed a much longer equilibrium time and a slower rate of P uptake by bed sediments in the flume than those in batch experiments. The process of P uptake by bed sediments was divided into two stages: (i) in the first 24 h, the amount of P uptake increased with the increasing flow velocity and (ii) after 24 h, flow velocity had no significant effect on P uptake by bed sediments. The amount of P uptake appeared fluctuating over different velocities. The paper presents a linear relationship between the P fraction in the bed sediments and the square root of time lapsed, which indicates that the diffusional process of P from water column to bed sediments is the dominant process in controlling the P uptake by bed sediments. The slope and intercept of the regression line were controlled by the flow velocity. Of the two models used to describe the process of P uptake by bed sediments, the Elovich Equation appeared to be better than the boundary layer model due to its ability to distinguish the different uptake rates at different flow velocities.
Evidence for a strain-tuned topological phase transition in ZrTe
5
Authors: Mutch Joshua , Chen Wei-Chih , Went Preston , Qian Tiema , Wilson Ilham Zaky , Andreev Anton , Chen Cheng-Chien , Chu Jiun-Haw
Published: August 2019

In situ strain is used to induce a topological phase transition in single-crystal ZrTe
5
.
Chemical and physical origins of friction on surfaces with atomic steps
Authors: Chen Zhe , Khajeh Arash , Martini Ashlie , Kim Seong H.
Published: August 2019

The chemical and physical effects on the friction of graphene step edges are differentiated, and their origins are discovered.
Dominant Negative MA-CA Fusion Protein Is Incorporated into HIV-1 Cores and Inhibits Nuclear Entry of Viral Preintegration Complexes
Authors: Anderson-Daniels Jordan , Singh Parmit K. , Sowd Gregory A. , Li Wen , Engelman Alan N. , Aiken Christopher
Published: August 2019

To become infectious, newly formed HIV-1 particles undergo a process of maturation in which the viral polyproteins are cleaved into smaller components. A previous study demonstrated that inclusion of even small quantities of an uncleavable mutant Gag polyprotein results in a strong reduction in virus infectivity. Here we show that the mechanism of transdominant inhibition by uncleavable Gag involves inhibition of nuclear entry and alteration of viral integration sites. Additionally, the results of mutational analysis suggest that the membrane-binding activity of Gag is a major requirement for the antiviral activity. These results further define the antiviral mechanism of uncleavable Gag, which may be useful for exploiting this effect to develop new antivirals.
Recognition and significance of Upper Devonian fluvial, estuarine, and mixed siliciclastic-carbonate nearshore marine facies in the San Juan Mountains (southwestern Colorado, USA): Multiple incised valleys backfilled by lowstand and transgressive systems tracts
Authors: Evans James E. , Maurer Joshua T. , Holm-Denoma Christopher S.
Published: August 2019

The Upper Devonian Ignacio Formation (as stratigraphically revised) comprises a transgressive, tide-dominated estuarine depositional system in the San Juan Mountains (Colorado, USA). The unit backfills at least three bedrock paleovalleys (10–30 km wide and ≥42 m deep) with a consistent stratigraphy of tidally influenced fluvial, bayhead-delta, central estuarine-basin, mixed tidal-flat, and estuarine-mouth tidal sandbar deposits. Paleovalleys were oriented northwest while longshore transport was to the north. The deposits represent Upper Devonian lowstand and transgressive systems tracts. The overlying Upper Devonian Elbert Formation (upper member) consists of geographically extensive tidal-flat deposits and is interpreted as mixed siliciclastic-carbonate bay-fill facies that represents an early highstand systems tract. Stratigraphic revision of the Ignacio Formation includes reassigning the basal conglomerate to the East Lime Creek Conglomerate, recognizing an unconformity separating these two units, and incorporating strata previously mapped as the McCracken Sandstone Member (Elbert Formation) into the Ignacio Formation. The Ignacio Formation was previously interpreted as Cambrian, but evidence that it is Devonian includes reexamined fossil data and detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. The Ignacio Formation has a stratigraphic trend of detrital zircon ages shifting from a single ca. 1.7 Ga age peak to bimodal ca. 1.4 Ga and ca. 1.7 Ga age peaks, which represents local source-area unroofing history. Specifically, the upper plate of a Proterozoic thrust system (ca. 1.7 Ga Twilight Gneiss) was eroded prior to exposure of the lower plate (ca. 1.4 Ga Uncompahgre Formation). These results are a significant alternative interpretation of the geologic history of the southern Rocky Mountains.
Elevated serum adiponectin, elevated tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased transthyretin in Japanese elderly women with low grip strength and preserved insulin sensitivity
Authors: Takeuchi Mika , Tsuboi Ayaka , Minato Satomi , Yano Megumu , Kitaoka Kaori , Kurata Miki , Kazumi Tsutomu , Fukuo Keisuke
Published: August 2019

Objective

To determine if serum adiponectin levels are associated with low grip strength and/or low muscle mass in the elderly independently of insulin resistance and inflammation.

Research design and methods

Cross-sectional associations were analyzed by logistic regression between low grip strength and/or low muscle mass and body composition, elevated serum adiponectin (≥20 mg/L), and biomarkers of nutrition status, insulin resistance and inflammation in 176 community-living Japanese elderly women. Sarcopenia was evaluated using the Asian criteria.

Results

In bivariate analyses, low grip strength (n=71) was positively associated with age, log tumor necrosis factor-α and hyperadiponectinemia (n=34) and inversely with body weight, height, skeletal muscle mass, serum albumin, transthyretin (TTR), fat mass, serum zinc and hemoglobin (all p<0.01). In a fully adjusted model, TTR (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.83 to 0.98, p=0.01) in addition to age (p=0.01), height (p<0.001) and skeletal muscle mass (p=0.018) emerged as independent determinants of low grip strength. Mean waist circumference and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ between women with and without low grip strength and were within the respective normal range. Although hyperadiponectinemia was a single metabolic correlate of low muscle mass (n=87), low serum cholesterol, albumin and TTR in addition to hyperadiponectinemia were associated with sarcopenia (n=45).

Conclusions

Hyperadiponectinemia, elevated tumor necrosis factor-alpha and decreased TTR, a biomarker of age-related catabolic states, were found in community-living Japanese elderly women with low grip strength and preserved insulin sensitivity although hyperadiponectinemia was a single correlate of low muscle mass.
Adaptation of the DEMQOL-Proxy for routine use in care homes: a cross-sectional study of the reliability and validity of DEMQOL-CH
Authors: Hughes Laura J , Farina Nicolas , Page Thomas E , Tabet Naji , Banerjee Sube
Published: August 2019

Objective

To investigate the routine use of a measure of quality of life (QoL) in care homes and assess its psychometric properties when used by care staff.

Design

A cross-sectional two-phase study.

Setting and participants

Data were collected from care staff in seven care homes in East Sussex, England.

Method

Phase I: The ability of care staff from two care homes to use the DEMQOL-Proxy without interviewer administration was assessed using agreement analysis between a self-administered and interviewer-administered version of the instrument. Based on these findings, DEMQOL-Proxy was adapted into a new version, DEMQOL-CH, for use as a self-administered instrument in care homes. We assessed agreement between the new DEMQOL-CH and DEMQOL-Proxy to ensure DEMQOL-CH was used correctly. Phase II: A preliminary assessment of the psychometric properties of DEMQOL-CH when used routinely was completed in a further five care homes.

Results

Phase I: Nineteen care staff from two care homes completed QoL measurements for residents. Systematic error was identified when staff self-completed the DEMQOL-Proxy without an interviewer. We modified the DEMOoL-Proxy to create DEMQOL-CH; this reduced the error, producing a version that could be used more accurately by care staff. Phase II: Eleven care staff from five care homes rated resident QoL routinely. DEMQOL-CH showed acceptable psychometric properties with satisfactory reliability and validity and a clear factor structure.

Conclusions

The research presents positive preliminary data on the acceptability, feasibility and performance of routine QoL measurement in care homes using an adapted version of DEMQOL-Proxy, the DEMQOL-CH. Results provide evidence to support the concept that routine measurement of QoL may be possible in care homes. Research is needed to refine and test the methodology and instrument further and to explore the potential for benefits to residents, staff and care homes in larger and more representative populations.
Maternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China: a large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey
Authors: Liu Danmeng , Cheng Yue , Dang Shaonong , Wang Duolao , Zhao Yaling , Li Chao , Li Shanshan , Lei Fangliang , Qu Pengfei , Mi Baibing , Zhang Ruo , Li Jiamei , Zeng Lingxia , Yan Hong
Published: August 2019

Objectives

To report the situation of maternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China and to examine the rates of and factors related to the adherence to micronutrient supplementation among pregnant women in this region, where dietary micronutrient intake is commonly insufficient.

Design

A large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Twenty counties and ten districts of Shaanxi Province.

Participants

A sample of 30 027 women were selected using a stratified multistage random sampling method. A total of 28 678 women were chosen for the final analysis after excluding those who did not provide clear information about nutritional supplementation before and during pregnancy.

Main outcome measures

Maternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation (high and low) were the outcomes. They were determined by the start time and duration of use according to Chinese guidelines (for folic acid (FA) supplements) and WHO recommendations (for iron, calcium and multiple-micronutrient (MMN) supplements).

Results

In total, 83.9% of women took at least one kind of micronutrient supplement before or during pregnancy. FA (67.6%) and calcium (57.5%) were the primarily used micronutrient supplements; few participants used MMN (14.0%) or iron (5.4%). Adherence to supplementation of all micronutrients was low (7.4% for FA, 0.6% for iron, 11.7% for calcium and 2.7% for MMN). Higher educational levels, higher income levels, urban residence and better antenatal care (including pregnancy consultation and a higher frequency of antenatal visits) were associated with high adherence to micronutrient supplementation.

Conclusion

Maternal micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China was way below standards recommended by the Chinese guidelines or WHO. Targeted health education and future nutritional guidelines are suggested to improve this situation, especially in pregnant women with disadvantaged sociodemographic conditions.
A Bandit-Based Ensemble Framework for Exploration/Exploitation of Diverse Recommendation Components
Authors: Brodén Björn , Hammar Mikael , Nilsson Bengt J. , Paraschakis Dimitris
Published: August 2019

This work presents an extension of Thompson Sampling bandit policy for orchestrating the collection of base recommendation algorithms for e-commerce. We focus on the problem of item-to-item recommendations, for which multiple behavioral and attribute-based predictors are provided to an ensemble learner. In addition, we detail the construction of a personalized predictor based on
k
-Nearest Neighbors (
k
NN), with temporal decay capabilities and event weighting. We show how to adapt Thompson Sampling to realistic situations when neither action availability nor reward stationarity is guaranteed. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of priming the sampler with pre-set parameters of reward probability distributions by utilizing the product catalog and/or event history, when such information is available. We report our experimental results based on the analysis of three real-world e-commerce datasets.
From Real to Complex
Authors: Wei Bo , Hu Wen , Yang Mingrui , Chou Chun Tung
Published: August 2019

Activity recognition is an important component of many pervasive computing applications. Radio-based activity recognition has the advantage that it does not have the privacy concern compared with camera-based solutions, and subjects do not have to carry a device on them. It has been shown channel state information (CSI) can be used for activity recognition in a device-free setting. With the proliferation of wireless devices, it is important to understand how radio frequency interference (RFI) can impact on pervasive computing applications. In this article, we investigate the impact of RFI on device-free CSI-based location-oriented activity recognition. We present data to show that RFI can have a significant impact on the CSI vectors. In the absence of RFI, different activities give rise to different CSI vectors that can be differentiated visually. However, in the presence of RFI, the CSI vectors become much noisier, and activity recognition also becomes harder. Our extensive experiments show that the performance may degrade significantly with RFI. We then propose a number of countermeasures to mitigate the impact of RFI and improve the performance. We are also the first to use complex-valued CSI along with the state-of-the-art Sparse Representation Classification method to enhance the performance in the environment with RFI.
USP22 Deubiquitinates CD274 to Suppress Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Huang Xing , Zhang Qi , Lou Yu , Wang Junli , Zhao Xinyu , Wang Lin , Zhang Xiaozhen , Li Shanshan , Zhao Yulan , Chen Qi , Liang Tingbo , Bai Xueli
Published: August 2019

PD-1 (CD279)–PD-L1 (CD274) inhibitory signaling is critical for cancer immune evasion, and thus has become one of the major targets in anticancer immunotherapy. There are several studies that demonstrate the potent effects of posttranslational modifications of CD274 on immune inactivation and suppression, such as ubiquitination, phosphorylation, glycosylation, and palmitoylation. However, the regulatory mechanisms for CD274 deubiquitination are still largely unclear. Here, we identified ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22) as a novel deubiquitinase of CD274. USP22 directly interacted with the C terminus of CD274, inducing its deubiquitination and stabilization. Across multiple cancer types, USP22 was highly expressed and frequently altered in liver cancer, closely correlating with poor prognosis of these patients. Genetic depletion of USP22 inhibited liver cancer growth in an immune system–dependent manner, increased tumor immunogenicity and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and improved therapeutic efficacy of CD274-targeted immunotherapy and CDDP-based chemotherapy in mice. We demonstrate that targeting USP22 is a promising strategy to potentiate anticancer immunity for CD274-amplified cancer.
Tendências sobre publicidade e Consumo em revistas científicas da comunicação Qualis A2 entre 2006 e 2017
Authors: Trindade Eneus
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados qualitativos da coleta de dados das revistas classificadas no estrato Qualis Capes A2 em Comunicação – o mais qualificado no contexto brasileiro –, para discutir o espaço do subcampo publicidade e consumo no foco do digital no que diz respeito aos autores, às instituições, aos seus assuntos e às perspectivas teórico-metodológicas dos artigos publicados entre 2006 e 2017. A metodologia da coleta de dados é inspirada no trabalho de Kim, Hayes, Avant e Reid. Os resultados mostram uma presença pequena da publicidade propriamente dita, mas um grande avanço das questões de circulação, usos e consumos midiáticos de mídias, marcas, produtos culturais e serviços digitais. As pesquisas são majoritariamente exploratórias e qualitativas, no espectro do que se pode denominar como estudos de mídia.
Consumidores sonham com publicidade digital?
Authors: Ferraresi Mauro
Published: August 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a forma recente de comunicação e as regras retóricas utilizadas atualmente para otimizar o impacto publicitário nas mídias sociais. Depois de ter descrito, com a ajuda da literatura, as principais diretrizes comunicativas para novas mídias e mídias sociais, as recentes regras de comunicação serão testadas com os consumidores. Portanto, para melhor elaborar esses tópicos, faremos uso de uma pesquisa exploratória realizada na Universidade Iulm de Milão, na primavera de 2019. A pesquisa responderá aos gostos e desgostos em relação à comunicação na mídia social e publicidade. Assim, as descobertas da pesquisa sobre o consumidor podem ajudar pesquisadores e profissionais de marketing a entender melhor o nascimento dessas novas formas de comunicação. Outro foco desta pesquisa será analisar se a tecnologia social é um viés e, se for, até que ponto. Por fim, os consumidores adoram a publicidade digital nas mídias sociais? Na verdade, toda nova tecnologia requer novas linguagens e, com efeito, isso deve acontecer quando o impacto tecnológico estiver relacionado à mídia. Em suma, as mídias sociais parecem ser um bom terreno para explorar as mudanças recentes na comunicação e, especificamente, na publicitária. As descobertas da pesquisa exploratória podem levar a outras questões, tais como: a comunicação e a propaganda mudam da mesma forma? No mesmo ritmo? Elas vão na mesma direção? Em que medida? A publicidade simplesmente tem que seguir as novas regras de comunicação ou é forçada a usar e inventar novas formas de comunicação? O presente artigo somente será capaz de delinear e rapidamente esquematizar possíveis respostas para as questões que, de fato, estão destinadas a desenvolver outras considerações e pesquisas adicionais.
Nanoscale Robots Exhibiting Quorum Sensing
Authors: Amir Yaniv , Abu-Horowitz Almogit , Werfel Justin , Bachelet Ido
Published: August 2019

Multi-agent systems demonstrate the ability to collectively perform complex tasks (e.g., construction, search, and locomotion) with greater speed, efficiency, or effectiveness than could a single agent alone. Direct and indirect coordination methods allow agents to collaborate to share information and adapt their activity to fit dynamic situations. A well-studied example is quorum sensing (QS), a mechanism allowing bacterial communities to coordinate and optimize various phenotypes in response to population density. Here we implement, for the first time, bio-inspired QS in robots fabricated from DNA origami, which communicate by transmitting and receiving diffusing signals. The mechanism we describe includes features such as programmable response thresholds and quorum quenching, and is capable of being triggered by proximity of a specific target cell. Nanoscale robots with swarm intelligence could carry out tasks that have been so far unachievable in diverse fields such as industry, manufacturing, and medicine.
Differential Functional Connectivity along the Long Axis of the Hippocampus Aligns with Differential Role in Memory Specificity and Generalization
Authors: Frank Lea E. , Bowman Caitlin R. , Zeithamova Dagmar
Published: August 2019

The hippocampus contributes to both remembering specific events and generalization across events. Recent work suggests that information may be represented along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus at varied levels of specificity: detailed representations in the posterior hippocampus and generalized representations in the anterior hippocampus. Similar distinctions are thought to exist within neocortex, with lateral prefrontal and lateral parietal regions supporting memory specificity and ventromedial prefrontal and lateral temporal cortices supporting generalized memory. Here, we tested whether functional connectivity of anterior and posterior hippocampus with cortical memory regions is consistent with these proposed dissociations. We predicted greater connectivity of anterior hippocampus with putative generalization regions and posterior hippocampus with putative memory specificity regions. Furthermore, we tested whether differences in connectivity are stable under varying levels of task engagement. Participants learned to categorize a set of stimuli outside the scanner, followed by an fMRI session that included a rest scan, passive viewing runs, and category generalization task runs. Analyses revealed stronger connectivity of ventromedial pFC to anterior hippocampus and of angular gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus to posterior hippocampus. These differences remained relatively stable across the three phases (rest, passive viewing, category generalization). Whole-brain analyses further revealed widespread cortical connectivity with both anterior and posterior hippocampus, with relatively little overlap. These results contribute to our understanding of functional organization along the long axis of the hippocampus and suggest that distinct hippocampal–cortical connections are one mechanism by which the hippocampus represents both individual experiences and generalized knowledge.
The Final-over-Final Condition, Stringency, and Typological Structure
Authors: DelBusso Natalie
Published: August 2019

The Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC; Biberauer, Holmberg, and Roberts 2014 , et seq.) describes an empirical generalization about possible crosslinguistic word orders. This article presents an Optimality Theory account that derives FOFC using constraints in a stringency relationship. It analyzes the resulting typology through Property Theory ( Alber, DelBusso, and Prince 2016 , Alber and Prince in preparation ). A property analysis explicates the internal structure of the typological space, showing how it explains the condition and how the same structure occurs more generally in stringency systems. The theoretical explanation is compared with that in another theory of typological structure, Parameter Hierarchies ( Roberts 2012 ).
The Literary Development of MT 1 Kings 8:1–11 in Light of the Septuagint
Authors: Chike Julian C.
Published: August 2019

The literary development of the book of Kings continues to occasion much debate, including the long narrative of Solomon’s temple dedication in 1 Kings 8. The quest for clarity may be aided by the textual witness of the Old Greek (OG). This study analyzes the textual relation between MT-1 Kgs 8:1–11 and OG-3 Kgdms 8:1–11 to discern the literary development of MT in light of the shorter version preserved in OG. I argue that the OG translator is not the source of the textual discrepancy; rather the MT reflects an expanded version of the OG Hebrew Vorlage. As the additional material evinces the influence of both Priestly and Deuteronomistic style, I suggest the literary growth exhibited in 1 Kgs 8:1–11 occurred during the Persian period when a Deuteronomistic-Priestly school sought to combine the Deuteronomistic History with Genesis–Numbers.
Religion and Education: Framing and Mapping a Field
Authors: Parker Stephen G. , Berglund Jenny , Lewin David , Raftery Deirdre
Published: August 2019

This publication makes the case for ‘religion and education’ as a distinct, but cross-disciplinary, field of inquiry. To begin with, consideration is given to the changing dynamic between ‘religion and education’ historically, and the differing understandings of religious education within it. Next, ‘religion and education’ is examined from methodologically specific perspectives, namely the philosophical, historical and sociological. The authors outline the particular insights to be gleaned about ‘religion and education’ on the basis of their commitment to these methodological standpoints. Overall, this publication is concerned with demonstrating the scope of the field, and the importance of having a range of disciplinary, and interdisciplinary, perspectives informing it.
Modeling hyperosmotic blood–brain barrier opening within human tissue-engineered in vitro brain microvessels
Authors: Linville Raleigh M , DeStefano Jackson G , Sklar Matt B , Chu Chengyan , Walczak Piotr , Searson Peter C
Published: August 2019

As the majority of therapeutic agents do not cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB), transient BBB opening (BBBO) is one strategy to enable delivery into the brain for effective treatment of CNS disease. Intra-arterial infusion of the hyperosmotic agent mannitol reversibly opens the BBB; however, widespread clinical use has been limited due to the variability in outcomes. The current model for mannitol-induced BBBO assumes a transient but homogeneous increase in permeability; however, the details are poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanism of hyperosmotic opening at the cellular level, we developed a tissue-engineered microvessel model using stem cell-derived human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) perturbed with clinically relevant mannitol doses. This model recapitulates physiological shear stress, barrier function, microvessel geometry, and cell-matrix interactions. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mannitol results in dose-dependent and spatially heterogeneous increases in paracellular permeability through the formation of transient focal leaks. Additionally, we find that the degree of BBB opening and subsequent recovery is modulated by treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor. These results show that tissue-engineered BBB models can provide insight into the mechanisms of BBBO and hence improve the reproducibility of hyperosmotic therapies for treatment of CNS disease.
Why the Equal Pay Act and Laws Which Prohibit Salary Inquiries of Job Applicants Can Not Adequately Address Gender-Based Pay Inequity
Authors: Mello Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2019

Despite passage of the Equal Pay Act (EPA) more than a half-century ago, surveys consistently show that women still earn significantly less than men. One factor to which this has been attributed is the use of current salary as a basis for a new job offer. Such a practice, it has been argued, perpetuates the kinds of salary differentials the EPA attempted to eradicate. As a result, many municipalities have passed laws which prohibit inquiries as to an applicant’s current salary. This article explores the nature of such laws and their limitations and offers alternative strategies to close the pay gap between genders.
Dose Escalation Trial of the Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Combination With Gemcitabine and Radiation for Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Cuneo Kyle C. , Morgan Meredith A. , Sahai Vaibhav , Schipper Matthew J. , Parsels Leslie A. , Parsels Joshua D. , Devasia Theresa , Al-Hawaray Mahmoud , Cho Clifford S. , Nathan Hari , Maybaum Jonathan , Zalupski Mark M. , Lawrence Theodore S.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

AZD1775 (adavosertib) is an inhibitor of the Wee1 kinase. In this study, we built on our preclinical studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation in patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced pancreatic cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Thirty-four patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were enrolled with the intention to receive four 21-day cycles of gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m2 days 1 and 8) with AZD1775 (once daily on days 1, 2, 8, and 9). Cycles 2 and 3 were administered concurrently with radiation, and cycles 5 to 8 were optional. AZD1775 was dose escalated using a time-to-event continual reassessment method on the basis of the rate of dose-limiting toxicities within the first 15 weeks of therapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose of AZD1775 given in conjunction with gemcitabine and radiation. Secondary objectives were to estimate overall and progression-free survival and determine pharmacodynamic activity of AZD1775 in surrogate tissues.

RESULTS

The recommended phase II dose of AZD1775 was 150 mg/d. Eight patients (24%) experienced a dose-limiting toxicity, most commonly anorexia, nausea, or fatigue. The median overall survival for all patients was 21.7 months (90% CI, 16.7 to 24.8 months), and the median progression-free survival was 9.4 months (90% CI, 8.0 to 9.9 months). Hair follicle biopsy samples demonstrated evidence of Wee1 inhibition with decreased phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 staining by immunohistochemistry after AZD1775 administration at the recommended phase II dose.

CONCLUSION

AZD1775 in combination with gemcitabine and radiation therapy was well tolerated at a dose that produced target engagement in a surrogate tissue. The overall survival is substantially higher than prior results combining gemcitabine with radiation therapy and warrants additional investigation.
Nivolumab Combined With Brentuximab Vedotin for Relapsed/Refractory Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Efficacy and Safety From the Phase II CheckMate 436 Study
Authors: Zinzani Pier Luigi , Santoro Armando , Gritti Giuseppe , Brice Pauline , Barr Paul M. , Kuruvilla John , Cunningham David , Kline Justin , Johnson Nathalie A. , Mehta-Shah Neha , Manley Thomas , Francis Stephen , Sharma Manish , Moskowitz Alison J.
Published: August 2019

PURPOSE

Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a rare but aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma with poor outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease. PMBL is characterized by high expression of programmed death-1 ligand and variable expression of CD30. Nivolumab, an anti–programmed death-1 immune checkpoint inhibitor, and brentuximab vedotin (BV), an anti-CD30 antibody–drug conjugate, may have synergistic activity in R/R PMBL.

METHODS

The expansion cohort of the open-label, phase I/II CheckMate 436 study enrolled patients with confirmed R/R PMBL who were previously treated with either autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation or two or more prior chemotherapy regimens if ineligible for autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Patients received nivolumab (240 mg intravenously) and BV (1.8 mg/kg intravenously) every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Primary end points were investigator-assessed objective response rate (ORR) per the Lugano 2014 criteria and safety.

RESULTS

Thirty patients with PMBL were treated and evaluable. At a median follow-up of 11.1 months, ORR (95% CI) was 73% (54% to 88%), with a 37% complete remission rate per investigator, and ORR of 70% (51% to 85%), with a 43% complete metabolic response rate per independent review. Median duration of response, median progression-free survival, and median overall survival have not been reached. Eleven responders had consolidation with autologous (n = 5) or allogeneic (n = 6) transplantation. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 25 patients (83%). Sixteen patients (53%) had grade 3 to 4 treatment-related adverse events; the most common were neutropenia (n = 9), thrombocytopenia (n = 3), and peripheral neuropathy (n = 3). There were no treatment-related deaths.

CONCLUSION

In patients with R/R PMBL, the combination of nivolumab plus BV represents a promising option, with high antitumor activity and a manageable safety profile.
Lactate dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase cooperatively regulate growth and carbohydrate metabolism during Drosophila melanogaster larval development
Authors: Li Hongde , Rai Madhulika , Buddika Kasun , Sterrett Maria C. , Luhur Arthur , Mahmoudzadeh Nader H. , Julick Cole R. , Pletcher Rose C. , Chawla Geetanjali , Gosney Chelsea J. , Burton Anna K. , Karty Jonathan A. , Montooth Kristi L. , Sokol Nicholas S. , Tennessen Jason M.
Published: August 2019

The dramatic growth that occurs during Drosophila larval development requires rapid conversion of nutrients into biomass. Many larval tissues respond to these biosynthetic demands by increasing carbohydrate metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase (dLDH) activity. The resulting metabolic program is ideally suited to synthesize macromolecules and mimics the manner by which cancer cells rely on aerobic glycolysis. To explore the potential role of Drosophila dLDH in promoting biosynthesis, we examined how dLdh mutations influence larval development. Our studies unexpectantly found that dLdh mutants grow at a normal rate, indicating that dLDH is dispensable for larval biomass production. However, subsequent metabolomic analyses suggested that dLdh mutants compensate for the inability to produce lactate by generating excess glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P), the production of which also influences larval redox balance. Consistent with this possibility, larvae lacking both dLDH and G3P dehydrogenase (GPDH1) exhibit growth defects, synthetic lethality, and decreased glycolytic flux. Considering that human cells also generate G3P upon Lactate Dehydrogenase A (LDHA) inhibition, our findings hint at a conserved mechanism in which the coordinate regulation of lactate and G3P synthesis imparts metabolic robustness upon growing animal tissues.
Cockroaches use diverse strategies to self-right on the ground
Authors: Li Chen , Wöhrl Toni , Lam Han K. , Full Robert J.
Published: August 2019

Terrestrial animals often must self-right from an upside-down orientation on the ground to survive. Here, we compared self-righting strategies of the Madagascar hissing, American and discoid cockroaches on a challenging flat, rigid, low-friction surface to quantify the mechanical principles. All three species almost always self-righted (97% probability) when given time (30 s), frequently self-righted (63%) on the first attempt, and on that attempt did so in 1 s or less. When successful, two of the three species gained and used pitch and/or roll rotational kinetic energy to overcome potential energy barriers (American 63% of all attempts and discoid 78%). By contrast, the largest, heaviest, wingless cockroach (Madagascar hissing) relied far less on the energy of motion and was the slowest to self-right. Two of the three species used rolling strategies to overcome low potential energy barriers. Successful righting attempts had greater rolling rotation than failed attempts as the center of mass rose to the highest position. Madagascar hissing cockroaches rolled using body deformation (98% of all trials) and the American cockroach rolled using leg forces (93%). By contrast, the discoid cockroach overcame higher and a wider range of potential energy barriers with simultaneous pitching and rolling using the wings (46% of all trials) and legs (49%) equally to self-right. Our quantification revealed the performance advantages of using rotational kinetic energy to overcome the potential energy barrier and rolling more to lower it, while maintaining diverse strategies for ground-based self-righting.
Digitalization in Modern University: Realities and Development Prospects
Authors: Семенова Л. , Semenova L.
Published: August 2019

Digitalization is an actual issue and the main trend of Russian higher education and a widely discussed topic in the professional community. A number of government decrees and programs set a goal for universities — highquality and affordable online education using digital technologies. The article presents the study’s results of digitalization of education in Russia and abroad, indicating the initial stage of digitalization of higher education in Russia and the creation of a digital educational environment. Researches confirm the high need for digital education on the part of students and teachers, therefore, de facto, a lot of universities use digital technology in practice. However, de jure digitalization in higher education is not supported by conceptual provisions, uniform standards and management approaches. Exploring the opinions of target audiences confirms that a blended learning is the best option in the current situation. The advantages, disadvantages and conditions of digitalization in modern higher education are discussed in this article. The problems and main trends in the development of digital education in universities are pointed out too. Possibilities of micro and macro learning, popular online platforms are determined. The author concludes that the transformation of higher education in the context of digitalization is inevitable, fundamental changes are assumed in the content of education, teaching methods, technological approaches, resource support, in the system of knowledge quality control.
English Slang of Modern Youth
Authors: Пронина Наталья , Pronina Natal'ya
Published: August 2019

This article is devoted to the analysis of such linguistic phenomenon as youth slang. The article provides the definition of “slang”. The contribution of linguists who studied this linguistic phenomenon is taken into account. The age limits of people who use slang expressions are determined. The possible reasons for the use of slang are listed. Dependence of the use of slang on a hobby and preferences of the owner is revealed. Examples of slang are given. Identified linguistic tendency, consisting in the borrowing of many fishing slang from the English language.
Humanitarian Technologies in the Modern World: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Нестерова Т. , Nesterova T.
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the understanding of the term “humanitarian technologies”, types of humanitarian technologies, their characteristic features and functions through the review of reports of participants of the VII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Humanitarian Technologies in the Modern World”, which was held from May 30 to June 1, 2019 in Kaliningrad.
Market Segmentation and Software Security: Pricing Patching Rights
Authors: August Terrence , Dao Duy , Kim Kihoon
Published: August 2019

The patching approach to security in the software industry has been less effective than desired. One critical issue with the status quo is that the endowment of “patching rights” (the ability for a user to choose whether security updates are applied) lacks the incentive structure to induce better security-related decisions. However, producers can differentiate their products based on the provision of patching rights. By characterizing the price for these rights, the optimal discount provided to those who relinquish rights and have their systems automatically updated in a timely manner, and the consumption and protection strategies taken by users in equilibrium as they strategically interact because of the security externality associated with product vulnerabilities, it is shown that the optimal pricing of these rights can segment the market in a manner that leads to both greater security and greater profitability. This policy greatly reduces unpatched populations and has a relative hike in profitability that is increasing in the extent to which patches are bundled together. Social welfare may decrease when automated patching costs are small because strategic pricing contracts usage in the market and also incentivizes loss-inefficient choices. However, welfare benefits when the policy either (1) greatly expands automatic updating in cases in which it is minimally observed or (2) significantly reduces the patching process burden of those who most value the software.

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Trajectory Dynamics in Innovation: Developing and Transforming a Mobile Money Service Across Time and Place
Authors: Oborn Eivor , Barrett Michael , Orlikowski Wanda , Kim Anna
Published: August 2019

This paper examines how and why innovations are reshaped as they become implemented and used in locales that are distant and distinct from those where the innovation was initially developed. Drawing on an in-depth field study of the innovation process that produced a mobile money system for Kenya, we contribute an understanding of the particular dynamics that arise when an innovation trajectory interacts with local trajectories that constitute the local conditions and practices of specific places. We identify four distinct patterns of trajectory dynamics—separation, coordination, diversification, and integration—each of which has different implications for the innovation, its implementation, and consequences on the ground. Developing a model of trajectory dynamics in innovation, we theorize the processes through which innovations are transformed over time as they interact with multiple local trajectories and the specific innovation outcomes that are generated as a result. Such theorizing reconceptualizes traditional notions of innovation diffusion by explicating how and why innovations change in multiple and unexpected ways as they move to particular places and engage with local conditions and practices.
Detection of Surra (trypanosomiasis) positivity in humans in an outbreak area of Indonesia
Authors: Sawitri Dyah Haryuningtyas , Wardhana April Hari , Sadikin Mohamad , Wibowo Heri
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND Surra is an infection caused by a blood protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma evansi, and transmitted by blood-sucking insects. The parasite generally infects only animals; however, it was reported to infect an Indian cattle farmer in 2004, followed by reports of other human cases. The most severe Surra outbreak in Indonesia occurred in Sumba Island during 2010–2012, resulting in the death of more than 2,000 livestock. This study was conducted to explore the serological status of farmers who have intensive contact with their livestock against T. evansi infection in Southwest Sumba district.

METHODS A total of 24 serum samples were collected from farmers living in the Surra outbreak area. All sera were tested using both card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis/T. evansi (CATT/T. evansi) and field enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (FELISA).

RESULTS Of the 24 serum samples, 4 (16.7%) samples were seropositive for the antigen T. evansi using both tests. This is the first report of human trypanosomiasis (Surra) in Indonesia. Unfortunately, the clinical manifestations of farmers with positive Surra infection were not reported because all sera samples used in this study were obtained from the Public Health Service with no reports of clinical signs from the respondents.

CONCLUSIONS Farmers living in the Surra outbreak area have a high risk of being infected with T. evansi due to their potential frequent contact with Surra vectors. Therefore, T. evansi infection in humans requires attention as it might have the potential to develop as a new emerging zoonotic disease in Indonesia.
O PROGRAMA JOVEM DE FUTURO DO INSTITUTO UNIBANCO PARA O ENSINO MÉDIO: DECORRÊNCIAS DO IMBRICAMENTO ENTRE PÚBLICO E PRIVADO
Authors: Sandri Simone , Da Silva Monica Ribeiro
Published: August 2019

Neste texto analisamos as decorrências da relação público-privada ao se associar um programa que faz parte de uma ação da política educacional federal a um programa oriundo do setor empresarial. A análise de documentos relativos ao Programa Ensino Médio Inovador e ao Programa Jovem de Futuro permitiu identificar um imbricamento entre as duas ações que têm como resultados uma preponderância do privado sobre o público com efeitos sobre a formação dos indivíduos e sobre a gestão escolar.
A PARTICIPAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA “A UNIÃO FAZ A VIDA” DA FUNDAÇÃO SICREDI NA REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO ESTADO: IMPACTOS NA COMPREENSÃO DA CIDADANIA
Authors: Schmidt Felipe José , Zanella José Luiz
Published: August 2019

O Programa de Educação Cooperativa “A União Faz a Vida” da Fundação SICREDI está alinhado aos novos papéis atribuídos ao Estado neoliberal no que diz respeito à educação básica e faz parte das reformas contemporâneas que expressam interesses em participar da formação de uma nova cultura cívica. Dessa maneira, refletimos sobre o tipo humano que o PUFV vem fomentando por meio de projetos educacionais, consolidando as estratégias do capital com implicações para a democracia e os direitos sociais em direção contrária à emancipação da classe trabalhadora.
AVANCE PRIVATIZADOR EN LA EDUCACIÓN: EL CASO DE URUGUAY
Authors: Carneiro Martín Jauge , Pardo Martín Sanguinetti
Published: August 2019

A privatização educacional é um fenômeno global que se tornou uma preocupação cada vez mais relevante, tanto política quanto academicamente. O documento analisa dois tipos de novas ferramentas no Uruguai (participação público-privada e centros privados livres) que conseguem dar um passo à frente na privatização exógena do modelo educacional uruguaio. Esses dois mecanismos de privatização têm um impacto importante na apropriação do setor privado dos recursos públicos e, por sua vez, avançam substancialmente na oferta educacional, na educação pública e nos recursos públicos.