bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental health problems in elite sport: the difference in the distribution of mental distress and mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes
Authors: Oevreboe Tom Henning , Ivarsson Andreas , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn , Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo , Reneflot Anne , Pensgaard Anne Marte
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To, based on diagnostic interviews, investigate the distribution of mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes with ‘at-risk scores’ on a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of mental health problems. Then, to investigate the relationship between ‘at-risk scores’ and diagnosed mental disorders.

Methods

A two-phase, cross-sectional design was used. In phase 1, 378 elite athletes completed a questionnaire, including validated self-report psychiatric instruments assessing symptoms of mental disorders. In phase 2, we assessed the 30-day presence of the same disorders through diagnostic interviews with the athletes with ‘at-risk scores’ using the fifth version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.

Results

Two hundred and eighty athletes (74.1%) had an ‘at-risk score,’ and 106 of these athletes (37.9%) completed diagnostic interviews. Forty-seven athletes (44.3%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Sleep problems (24.5%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD-related disorders (18.9%), mainly represented by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), were most common. Anxiety disorders (6.6%), eating disorders (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (≤4.7%) were less frequent. Affective disorders, gambling and drug use disorder were not present. Results from self-report questionnaires did not, in most cases, adequately mirror the number of mental disorders identified using diagnostic interviews.

Conclusions

Using self-report questionnaires to map mental distress among elite athletes can be beneficial. If the aim, however, is to investigate mental disorders, one should move beyond self-report questionnaires and use diagnostic interviews and diagnostic instruments. In our study, sleep problems and BDD were the most prevalent. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these findings further.
Sedation practices in palliative care services across France: a nationwide point-prevalence analysis
Authors: Frasca Matthieu , Jonveaux Thérèse , Lhuaire Quentin , Bidegain-Sabas Adèle , Chanteclair Alex , Francis-Oliviero Florence , Burucoa Benoît
Published: July 2023

Objectives

Terminally ill patients may require sedation to relieve refractory suffering. The prevalence and modalities of this practice in palliative care services remain unclear. This study estimated the prevalence of all sedation leading to a deep unconsciousness, whether transitory, with an undetermined duration, or maintained until death, for terminally ill patients referred to a home-based or hospital-based palliative care service.

Methods

We conducted a national, multicentre, observational, prospective, cross-sectional study. In total, 331 centres participated, including academic/non-academic and public/private institutions. The participating institutions provided hospital-based or home-based palliative care for 5714 terminally ill patients during the study.

Results

In total, 156 patients received sedation (prevalence of 2.7%; 95% CI, 2.3 to 3.2); these patients were equally distributed between ‘transitory’, ‘undetermined duration’ and ‘maintained until death’ sedation types. The prevalence was 0.7% at home and 8.0% in palliative care units. The median age of the patients was 70 years (Q1–Q3: 61–83 years); 51% were women and 78.8% had cancers. Almost all sedation events occurred at a hospital (90.4%), mostly in specialised beds (74.4%). In total, 39.1% of patients were unable to provide consent; only two had written advance directives. A collegial procedure was implemented in 80.4% of sedations intended to be maintained until death. Midazolam was widely used (85.9%), regardless of the sedation type.

Conclusions

This nationwide study provides insight into sedation practices in palliative care institutions. We found a low prevalence for all practices, with the highest prevalence among most reinforced palliative care providers, and an equal frequency of all practices.
Effects of Curcuminoids and Surfactant-Formulated Curcumin on Chemo-Resistant Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Wan Chunping , Ma Qinge , Anderson Samantha , Zhang Qi-Hui , Zhang Chun-Feng , Wang Angela H. , Bell Emma , Hou Lifei , Yuan Chun-Su , Wang Chong-Zhi
Published: July 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, and chronic gut inflammation is a risk factor for CRC initiation and development. Curcuma longa L., or turmeric, has become one of the most studied herbal medicines in recent years due to its anticancer potentials. It is generally accepted that the major component in turmeric is curcuminoids, and the active constituent in curcuminoids is curcumin. However, unprocessed curcumin is characterized by poor water solubility, which means low bioavailability in humans. To increase the bioavailability of curcumin, in this study, we utilized a novel surfactant-formulated curcumin (CuminUP60[Formula: see text]) and evaluated its CRC chemopreventive activities. Compared with the chemo-sensitive CRC cell line HCT-116, the management of the CRC SW-480 cell line is a challenge, since the latter is chemo-resistant. In other words, these cancer cells resist the effects of the chemotherapy. Using the newly formulated CuminUP60[Formula: see text] water solution, this study demonstrated its strong antiproliferative effects on the SW-480 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This new formulation induced early apoptosis and arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase via the upregulation of cyclin B1. We also observed that this new formulation possessed inhibitory effects on Th17 cell differentiation, which regulates the body’s immune response against gut malignancies. In summary, our results exhibited a potential clinical utility of the surfactant-formulated curcumin in chemo-resistant colorectal cancer management.
Hydro-magneto-thermal aspects of ternary composite nanomaterial over arbitrarily inclined thin needle influenced by linear and nonlinear slips
Authors: Samantaray S. S. , Misra A. , Shaw S. , Azam M. , Chamkha Ali J. , Nayak M. K.
Published: July 2023

Because of accelerated demands of advanced technologies like power station, chemical production and microelectronics, it necessitates the need of novel type of fluids with more heat transfer capability. Due to synergistic effect, ternary composite nanofluids (TCNFs) ensure better thermophysical and Rheology properties thereby acting as better suitable heat transfer fluid in wire coating, metal spinning, aerodynamics, medicine and engineering industries, etc. In view of such relevance, flow and heat transfer aspects of TCNF MWCNT + Al2O3 + TiO2 + water induced by linear and nonlinear slips over arbitrarily inclined moving thin needle are investigated in this study. Thompson and Troian nonlinear slip model is modified by developing it in polar coordinates. Quadratic thermal radiation phenomenon is adopted. Fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to obtain requisite numerical solution. Major outcomes indicate that fluid velocity of TCNF whittles down with amplification of magnetic parameter due to the flow induced by either linear or nonlinear slips. Lower value of Reynolds number favoring linear slip leads to effective intensification of nondimensional temperature distributions. Surface viscous drag and heat transfer rate get ameliorated with growth in size of thin needle under the influence of both linear and nonlinear slips.
The universality of black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Mathur Samir D. , Mehta Madhur
Published: July 2023

The thermodynamic properties of black holes — temperature, entropy and radiation rates — are usually associated with the presence of a horizon. We argue that any extremely compact object (ECO) must have the same thermodynamic properties. Quantum fields just outside the surface of an ECO have a large negative Casimir energy similar to the Boulware vacuum of black holes. If the thermal radiation emanating from the ECO does not fill the near-surface region at the local Unruh temperature, then we find that no solution of gravity equations is possible. In string theory, black holes microstates are horizonless quantum objects called fuzzballs that are expected to have a surface [Formula: see text] outside [Formula: see text]; thus the information puzzle is resolved while preserving the semiclassical thermodynamics of black holes.
The Effect of Big Data Capability and Market-Oriented Knowledge Integration on Product Speed-to-Market
Authors: Chen Mingqing
Published: July 2023

In an era of digital economy, big data capability becomes a new approach for organisational competitive advantage in market. Products are the concentrated reflection of commercial value in market. It is crucial to clarify when and how big data capability promotes product speed-to-market. Based on the perspective of knowledge integration, we propose a model to clarify the impact of big data capability on product speed-to-market in a competitive market. Using data from 405 enterprises in China, we test our research model. We find that big data capability has positive effect on market-oriented knowledge integration (MOKI) and product speed-to-market, respectively. MOKI partly mediates the relationship between big data capability and product speed-to-market. In addition, the findings also indicate that market competition moderates the indirect effect. The results of this paper provide specific managerial guidelines as to how to apply big data to improve speed-to-market.
A Combined Fuzzy AHP and GA Approach to Machine Scheduling Problems from an Environmental Perspective
Authors: Ng C. Y. , Lee W. H.
Published: July 2023

With increasing concerns about the need for environmental protection and reduction of energy consumption, enterprises have to demonstrate their capabilities in lowering resource consumption by enhancing the efficiency of their systems. Although some approaches to quantifying the environmental burden generated by a product or service system such as life cycle assessment (LCA) and carbon auditing have been developed, expert judgments are often required to implement them. From an industry’s perspective, small- and medium-sized enterprises need an efficient tool to determine the best solution when considering various attributes simultaneously. Thus, a combination of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process and genetic algorithm has been introduced to solve scheduling problems and support the decision-making process. This study aims to effectuate the green scheduling on optimized machine-task assignments with fuzzy evaluation. The proposed approach is illustrated using a case example from a centralized dishwashing company. Results show that the global warming potential value can be reduced by 1.86% and the cost of operation is slightly increased by only 1.28%. The result of the proposed approach is presented simply in the form of machine-task assignments with optimized environmental impact values and associated costs. Therefore, no further result interpretation by environmental experts is required. This study can be a reference for government policymakers in formulating policies to synthesize operation optimization and business sustainability.
Auditory dyadic interactions through the “eye” of the
social brain: How visual is the posterior STS interaction
region?
Authors: Landsiedel Julia , Koldewyn Kami
Published: July 2023

Human interactions contain potent social cues that meet not only the eye but also the ear. Although research has identified a region in the posterior superior temporal sulcus as being particularly sensitive to visually presented social interactions (SI-pSTS), its response to auditory interactions has not been tested. Here, we used fMRI to explore brain response to auditory interactions, with a focus on temporal regions known to be important in auditory processing and social interaction perception. In Experiment 1, monolingual participants listened to two-speaker conversations (intact or sentence-scrambled) and one-speaker narrations in both a known and an unknown language. Speaker number and conversational coherence were explored in separately localised regions-of-interest (ROI). In Experiment 2, bilingual participants were scanned to explore the role of language comprehension. Combining univariate and multivariate analyses, we found initial evidence for a heteromodal response to social interactions in SI-pSTS. Specifically, right SI-pSTS preferred auditory interactions over control stimuli and represented information about both speaker number and interactive coherence. Bilateral temporal voice areas (TVA) showed a similar, but less specific, profile. Exploratory analyses identified another auditory-interaction sensitive area in anterior STS. Indeed, direct comparison suggests modality specific tuning, with SI-pSTS preferring visual information while aSTS prefers auditory information. Altogether, these results suggest that right SI-pSTS is a heteromodal region that represents information about social interactions in both visual and auditory domains. Future work is needed to clarify the roles of TVA and aSTS in auditory interaction perception and further probe right SI-pSTS interaction-selectivity using non-semantic prosodic cues.
Nanosphere and Microsphere-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Wound Healing Applications: A Review
Authors: Han Ningjuan , Fang Huanle , Niu Rui
Published: July 2023

Chronic and acute wounds pose a huge burden on patients and health care systems. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential in preventing further complications such as limb amputation and infection. Recent progress in our understanding of different wounds’ pathophysiology,
has resulted in developing different drug delivery vehicles to target different phases of wound healing. During the past decade, microspheres and nanospheres have gained significant attention in drug delivering wound dressings. These vehicles have gained popularity largely due their biocompatibility,
biodegradability, their high capacity to deliver various drug types, and long term sustained release profile. In the current review, we will discuss the challenges and prospects of microsphere and nanosphere-based drug delivery systems in wound healing.
Micro RNA-365-3p as a Tumor Suppressor in Gastric Cancer: Inhibition of NUCKS1-Mediated PI3K/AKT Signaling and Anti-Tumor Effects
Authors: Shi Weihai , Fu Yue , Zhao Zidan , Wang Guangyao , Qin Ancheng , Ye Jing , Tang Liming , Jiang Yong
Published: July 2023

Increasing evidence supports that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential regulators of tumor initiation and development in a wide range of human malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). To date, it has been reported that miR-365-3p is abnormally expressed and influences tumor progression
in multiple malignancies. However, the roles of miR-365-3p are yet to be known and are worth investigating in GC. Herein, we screened differentially expressed miRNAs in 3 pairs of matched gastric cancerous and adjacent normal specimens. A series of public datasets and collected clinical GC
samples were employed to determine the expression profiles of miR-365-3p and its downstream target protein. Furthermore, the effects of miR-365-3p ectopic expression and depletion on GC cell proliferation, invasion and migration were explored in vitro via cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8),
5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), clone formation and Transwell assays, and in vivo by applying the nude mice models. Dual-luciferase reporter, western blot and a series of rescue assays were carried out to investigate the potential interactions between miR-365-3p and NUCKS1 (Nuclear,
casein kinase and cyclin-dependent kinase substrate 1) and downstream signaling pathways of the miR-365-3p/NUCKS1 axis. According to the analyses of the miRNA microarray and bioinformatics, we first identified miR-365-3p dysregulation in GC. Through miRNA qRT-PCR, we revealed that miR-365-3p
was downregulated in GC samples and cell lines. Lower level of miR-365-3p was significantly associated with larger tumor size and advanced lymph node metastasis in GC patients. Downregulation of miR-365-3p accelerated, while ectopic miR-365-3p significantly suppressed GC cell proliferation,
migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Results also showed that overexpression of miR-365-3p in gastric cancer cells significantly reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while
miR-365-3p knockdown increased their expression. Moreover, mechanistically, knockdown of miR-365-3p promoted tumor cell aggressiveness by enhancing the expression of NUCKS1 and subsequently resulted in the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in GC. In addition, either NUCKS1 silencing
or the inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, at least partially, reversed the promotive effects of miR-365-3p knockdown on GC aggressiveness. Altogether, these findings suggest that miR-365-3p inhibits tumor growth and metastasis by attenuating the expression of NUCKS1 and inactivation
of its downstream PI3K/AKT signaling, thus, highlighting the potential of miR-365-3p as a therapeutic target in GC.
Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Solenostemma argel Leaf Extract: Characterization and Wound Healing Activity
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad Zaki , Ahmad Javed , Abdel-Wahab Basel A. , Alasiri Ali S. , Alotaibi Hadil Faris , Saeed Abdulhakeem Mohammed , Mahboob Faiz Ali Mohammed , Elnoubi Osman A. E. , Wahab Shadma , Khan Zufesha NoorulHuda
Published: July 2023

Green synthesis or biosynthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has recently emerged as a significant approach to producing metallic NPs due to its rapid, affordable and ease of fabrication. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particularly impressive due to their antimicrobial, bacteriostatic,
and low in vivo toxicity. Wound healing is a complex procedure involving the activity of various tissues and cell lineages that have long been the topic of intense research. A faster and more efficient recovery with the minimum side effects is one of the key goals in wound healing.
The current study aims to perform a green synthesis of AgNPs mediated by Solenostemma argel leaf extract, combine it with chitosan (CS) gel, and evaluate its effectiveness as a wound healing agent in a rat model. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy,
FTIR, XRD, DLS analysis and SEM imaging. The developed AgNPs were spherical, with sizes ranging from 60–90 nm. Analysis of the UV-visible spectrum revealed a strong peak at 418.02 nm; this was the first indication of the biosynthesis of AgNPs. X-Ray diffraction analysis indicated the
crystallinity phase of biosynthesized AgNPs. The mean hydrodynamic diameter and PDI of the biosynthesized AgNPs were 71.38±2.73 nm and 0.208±0.01, respectively. A high negative zeta potential (30.95±0.58 mV) indicates that the nanomaterial is highly stabilized. The developed
AgNPs were uniformly dispersed with 2% w/v CS solution to form AgNPs/CS gel. The in-vivo animal experiment and histopathological analysis outcomes revealed that groups of wounded animals receiving the topical application of AgNPs/CS-gel experienced quicker and better wound healing.
Based on this outcome, it can be concluded that biosynthesized AgNPs developed into AgNPs/CS-gel have great potential to be established as wound healing agents.
Supporting optimal dietary behaviors in women with perinatal depression: A qualitative exploration of experiences, practices, and challenges
Authors: Klobodu Cynthia , Stott Dahlia , Chiarello Lisa A , Posmontier Bobbie , Elgohail Mona , Geller Pamela A , Horowitz June A , Milliron Brandy-Joe
Published: July 2023

Background

Women with perinatal depression (PD) are at high risk for unhealthy dietary behaviors and suboptimal child feeding practices. Despite evidence supporting the importance of healthful nutrition-related behaviors during and after pregnancy, few behavioral nutrition interventions for women with PD have been developed. The objectives of this study were to identify nutrition-related challenges and needs among women with PD and to elucidate the role that feeding plays in mother–infant interaction, to inform the development of nutrition interventions.

Methods

Using a qualitative study design, in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 mothers with a history of PD and 10 interdisciplinary healthcare providers with expertise in PD. Data were thematically analyzed using a hybrid inductive and deductive coding approach.

Results

Mean age of mothers was 31 ± 6 years, 56% identified as non-Hispanic White, and 33% identified as Black/African American. Eighty percent of healthcare providers practiced for more than five years. Six themes were identified: (a) Time scarcity mindset; (b) Importance of social support; (c) Unrealistic expectations of motherhood; (d ) Mom as the last priority; (e) Postpartum body changes and shape ideals; and (f) Contentment associated with infant and young child feeding.

Conclusion

Women with PD have several needs pertaining to their nutrition and that of their children. The findings from this study illustrate key considerations and recommendations for addressing these needs.
Acute Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Signaling Severe Periventricular Leukomalacia in Preterm Infants: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Garvey Aisling A. , El-Dib Mohamed , Grant P. Ellen , Manning Simon M. , Volpe Joseph J. , Inder Terrie E.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Periventricular leukomalacia occurs in up to 25% of very preterm infants resulting in adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. In its acute phase, periventricular leukomalacia is clinically silent. Although ultrasonography is widely available, its sensitivity in the early detection of periventricular leukomalacia is low. Case Report and Published Literature: We identified a preterm infant with early diffusion-weighted imaging changes that later evolved to periventricular leukomalacia. Thirty-two cases of abnormal diffusion-weighted imaging reliably heralding severe periventricular leukomalacia in the preterm infant have been published in the literature. Notable features include the following: (1) infants were more mature preterm infants (29-36 weeks’ gestation); (2) findings were often serendipitous with benign clinical courses; (3) diffusion-weighted imaging changes only were evident in the first weeks of life with later evolution to more classical abnormalities on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasonography. Conclusion: Diffusion-weighted imaging in the first week of life may be a reliable early marker of severe periventricular leukomalacia injury in more mature preterm infants.
Protocolized proactive desmopressin plus 3% saline therapy for severe euvolemic hyponatremia in the wave of COVID-19: The local experience and the potential role of emergency departments
Authors: Cheung Jonathan Chun-Hei , Cheung Emmanuel Hei-Lok , Ho Laptin , Tse Chiu Lun , Yip Yu-Yeung , Lam Koon Ngai
Published: July 2023

Background:

Patients with severe euvolemic hyponatremia can be challenging to treat, and the COVID-19 pandemic has added to the complexity of the situation.

Methods:

Data were collected from all patients treated in a local intensive care unit (ICU) with the protocolized proactive desmopressin plus 3% saline (PD-3 S) approach in March 2022.

Results:

Six patients were treated with the protocol, whose initial serum sodium level (SNa) ranged from 98 to 108 mmol/L. SNa of one patient dropped further due to delayed initiation of protocolized PD-3 S because of access block. But otherwise, the protocol had been effective in achieving a controlled rise of SNa in all patients. No major complications have been observed, and the feedback from both medical and nursing staff was overall positive.

Conclusion:

This case series shows that the protocolized PD-3 S is safe and effective. This protocol is currently being used in two ICUs in our cluster. And our unit is currently working with the emergency department to initiate the protocol earlier, before ICU admission.
The First Time I Heard: Black Feminist Approaches to Hip Hop Methodologies
Authors: Seth Pyar J.
Published: July 2023

Pulse and rhythm are found in our heartbeats, our breaths, and our physical movements. Pitch and tone give our voices distinct expressive and communicative qualities that serve as articulations of our relationship to space and time. Sound constantly surrounds us, embeds us, and embraces us. Yet, in the academy, conversations on Hip Hop as a field of study tend to focus almost exclusively on lyrical analyses. We do not have to completely abandon this mode of engagement, but we seem to forget that Hip Hop is not simply about empirics or measurement. And so, this paper seeks to re-think, re-consider, and re-articulate how we theorize Hip Hop—its politics, its culture, and its ways of being—by attending to the vibrations in the air, nonlexical expressions, and the practices of looking and listening. Drawing from Black feminist studies as well as the methods of ethnography, autobiography, and social and oral history, I discuss the interiority of sound, the contexts of reception, and the sets of relations that exist between sonic phenomena. I argue that these creative approaches not only compel us to ask better questions about cultural moments but are foundational to understanding that Hip Hop is not just rap music; it is a practice, process, and lived experience.
Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration versus standard medical therapy for the prevention of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Meng Yan , Zhou Ming-xue , Wu Chun-bo , Wang De-hua , Zhao Jian-rong , Shi Dong-yin
Published: July 2023

Aim

To determine whether continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) plus standard medical therapy (SMT) vs. SMT alone prevents rhabdomyolysis (RM)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and analyze the related health economics.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study involved 9 RM patients without AKI, coronary heart disease, or chronic kidney disease treated with CVVHDF plus SMT (CVVHDF + SMT group). Nine matched RM patients without AKI treated with SMT only served as controls (SMT group). Baseline characteristics, biochemical indexes, renal survival data, and health economic data were compared between groups. In the CVVHDF + SMT group, biochemical data were compared at different time points.

Results

At 2 and 7 days after admission, serum biochemical indices (e.g., myoglobin, creatine kinase, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen) did not differ between the groups. Total (P = 0.011) and daily hospitalization costs (P = 0.002) were higher in the CVVHDF + SMT group than in the SMT group. After 53 months of follow-up, no patient developed increased serum creatinine, except for 1 CVVHDF + SMT-group patient who died of acute myocardial infarction. In the CVVHDF + SMT group, myoglobin levels significantly differed before and after the first CVVHDF treatment (P = 0.008), and serum myoglobin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen decreased significantly at different time points after CVVHDF.

Conclusions

Although CVVHDF facilitated myoglobin elimination, its addition to SMT did not improve biochemical indices like serum myoglobin, serum creatine kinase, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate dehydrogenase or the long-term renal prognosis. Despite similar hospitalization durations, both total and daily hospitalization costs were higher in the CVVHDF + SMT group.
Partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendons show only slightly lower ultimate load to failure: a biomechanical study
Authors: Geyer Stephanie , Kadantsev Pavel , Bohnet Daniel , Marx Christian , Vieider Romed P. , Braun Sepp , Siebenlist Sebastian , Lappen Sebastian
Published: July 2023

Objective

Partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendon are usually treated surgically from a size of > 50% tendon involvement. The aim of this study was to compare the ultimate load to failure of intact triceps tendons with partially ruptured tendons and describe the rupture mechanism.

Methods

Eighteen human fresh-frozen cadaveric elbow specimens were randomly assigned to two groups with either an intact distal triceps tendon or with a simulated partial rupture of 50% of the tendon. A continuous traction on the distal triceps tendon was applied to provoke a complete tendon rupture. The maximum required ultimate load to failure of the tendon in N was measured. In addition, video recordings of the ruptures of the intact tendons were performed and analysed by two independent investigators.

Results

A median ultimate load to failure of 1,390 N (range Q0.25—Q0.75, 954 – 2,360) was measured in intact distal triceps tendons. The median ultimate load to failure of the partially ruptured tendons was 1,330 N (range Q0.25—Q0.75, 1,130 – 1.470 N). The differences were not significant. All recorded ruptures began in the superficial tendon portion, and seven out of nine tendons in the lateral tendon portion.

Discussion

Partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendon demonstrate a not statistically significant lower ultimate load to failure than intact tendons and typically occur in the superficial, lateral portion of the tendon. This finding can be helpful when deciding between surgical and conservative therapy for partial ruptures of the distal triceps tendon.
Physical activity and mental health in children and youth during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Li Bowen , Ng Kwok , Tong Xiuhong , Zhou Xiao , Ye Jiangchuan , Yu Jane Jie
Published: July 2023

Background

The coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) and universal mitigation strategies have fundamentally affected peoples’ lives worldwide, particularly during the first two years of the pandemic. Reductions in physical activity (PA) and increased mental health (MH) problems among children and youth have been observed. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and mental health (MH) among children and youth during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

Four electronic databases (EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to identify studies that (1) examined the relationship between PA and MH among children and youth (aged 2–24 years old) and (2) were published in peer-reviewed journals in English between January 2020 and December 2021. Relationships between PA and two MH aspects (i.e., negative and positive psychological responses) among children and youth at different age ranges and those with disabilities or chronic conditions (DCC) were synthesized. Meta-analyses were also performed for eligible studies to determine the pooled effect size.

Results

A total of 58 studies were eventually included for variable categorization, with 32 eligible for meta-analyses. Our synthesis results showed that greater PA participation was strongly related to lower negative psychological responses (i.e., anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, fatigue, and mental health problems) and higher positive psychological responses (i.e., general well-being and vigor) in children and youth during COVID-19. The pattern and strength of relations between PA and MH outcomes varied across age ranges and health conditions, with preschoolers and those with DCC receiving less attention in the existing research. Meta-analysis results showed that the magnitude of associations of PA with negative (Fisher’s z = − 0.198, p < 0.001) and positive (Fisher’s z = 0.170, p < 0.001) psychological responses among children and youth was weak. These results were linked to age of participants, study quality, and reporting of PA-related information.

Conclusions

PA participation and MH among children and youth deteriorated during the COVID-19 pandemic and were closely associated with each other. For the post-COVID-19 era, additional research on age- and health condition-specific relationships between PA and MH outcomes from a comprehensive perspective is warranted. (Word count: 344 words).
Consensus‐based statements for assessing clinical competency in podiatry‐related work integrated learning
Authors: Causby Ryan S. , Dars Sindhrani , Ho Malia , Walmsley Steven , Munteanu Shannon , Banwell Helen A.
Published: July 2023

Background

The training of undergraduate and graduate‐entry podiatry students in Australia and New Zealand includes practical sessions in a simulated and real‐life clinical setting and Work Integrated Learning (WIL) comprising professional clinical placements. Student performance during WIL is evaluated by their Clinical Educators using clinical competency tools. Having a standardised and validated clinical assessment tool for WIL in podiatry would facilitate consistency in assessment, promote standardisation between programs, and ensure that all podiatry students are assessed against a set of criteria over the course of their clinical programs to the point of threshold clinical competency. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a series of consensus‐based statements via Delphi technique as the first step towards developing guidelines to direct the assessment of podiatry students during WIL.

Methods

This study used a three‐round modified Delphi consensus method. A panel of 25 stakeholders was sought. Specifically, representation from each of the universities in Australia and New Zealand who provide entry level programs, Clinical Educators, podiatry student representatives, new podiatry graduates and consumers (podiatrists hiring new graduates). The survey for Round 1 aimed for consensus and consisted of five open‐ended questions. Questions one to three asked respondents to nominate what they considered were the important elements that needed to be assessed for podiatry students undertaking WIL for: Clinical performance/skills, Communication and Professional behaviour, Question 4 asked respondents to identify further/other elements of importance, whilst Question 5 asked a) how these elements should be evaluated and b) how should overall competency and ability to progress within the program be determined. Round 2 and 3 aimed to gather agreement and the questions were based on the responses from previous rounds.

Results

Twenty‐five participants agreed to participate, 17 females (68%) and eight males (32%). The panel consisted of 10 podiatry educators (40%), nine Clinical Educators (36%), two student representatives (8%), two new podiatry graduates (8%) and two consumers (8%). From the 25 recruited participants, 21 responded to Round one, 18 to Round two and 17 in Round three. At the conclusion of the Delphi survey, 55 statements had reached consensus or agreement.

Conclusions

This Delphi study is the first of its kind for the podiatry profession to develop consensus‐based statements regarding the assessment of WIL. Fifty‐five statements pertinent to the assessment of WIL were identified. This is an important first step toward the development of a consistent WIL assessment tool which may be applied across entry‐level podiatry programs across Australia and New Zealand.
Allergic reactions to tick saliva components in zebrafish model
Authors: Contreras Marinela , Vaz-Rodrigues Rita , Mazuecos Lorena , Villar Margarita , Artigas-Jerónimo Sara , González-García Almudena , Shilova Nadezhda V. , Bovin Nicolai V. , Díaz-Sánchez Sandra , Ferreras-Colino Elisa , Pacheco Iván , Chmelař Jindřich , Kopáček Petr , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro , Gortázar Christian , de la Fuente José
Published: July 2023

Background

Alpha-Gal syndrome (AGS) is a tick-borne food allergy caused by IgE antibodies against the glycan galactose-alpha-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) present in glycoproteins and glycolipids from mammalian meat. To advance in the diagnosis and treatment of AGS, further research is needed to unravel the molecular and immune mechanisms underlying this syndrome. The objective of this study is the characterization of tick salivary components and proteins with and without α-Gal modifications involved in modulating human immune response against this carbohydrate.

Methods

Protein and α-Gal content were determined in tick saliva components, and proteins were identified by proteomics analysis of tick saliva fractions. Pathophysiological changes were recorded in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model after exposure to distinct Ixodes ricinus tick salivary components. Serum samples were collected from zebrafish at day 8 of exposure to determine anti-α-Gal, anti-glycan, and anti-tick saliva protein IgM antibody titers by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results

Zebrafish treated with tick saliva and saliva protein fractions combined with non-protein fractions demonstrated significantly higher incidence of hemorrhagic type allergic reactions, abnormal behavioral patterns, or mortality when compared to the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group. The main tick salivary proteins identified in these fractions with possible functional implication in AGS were the secreted protein B7P208-salivary antigen p23 and metalloproteases. Anti-α-Gal and anti-tick salivary gland IgM antibody titers were significantly higher in distinct saliva protein fractions and deglycosylated saliva group when compared with PBS-treated controls. Anti-glycan antibodies showed group-related profiles.

Conclusions

Results support the hypothesis that tick salivary biomolecules with and without α-Gal modifications are involved in modulating immune response against this carbohydrate.

Graphical Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the temporomandibular joint condyle in 3 and 4-month-old human embryos
Authors: Zhu Qianqi , Tan Miaoying , Wang Chengniu , Chen Yufei , Wang Chenfei , Zhang Junqi , Gu Yijun , Guo Yuqi , Han Jianpeng , Li Lei , Jiang Rongrong , Fan Xudong , Xie Huimin , Wang Liang , Gu Zhifeng , Liu Dong , Shi Jianwu , Feng Xingmei
Published: July 2023

Background

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a complex joint consisting of the condyle, the temporal articular surface, and the articular disc. Functions such as mastication, swallowing and articulation are accomplished by the movements of the TMJ. To date, the TMJ has been studied more extensively, but the types of TMJ cells, their differentiation, and their interrelationship during growth and development are still unclear and the study of the TMJ is limited. The aim of this study was to establish a molecular cellular atlas of the human embryonic temporomandibular joint condyle (TMJC) by single-cell RNA sequencing, which will contribute to understanding and solving clinical problems.

Results

Human embryos at 3 and 4 months of age are an important stage of TMJC development. We performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis of TMJC tissue from human embryos at 3 and 4 months of age using single-cell RNA sequencing. A total of 16,624 cells were captured and the gene expression profiles of 15 cell clusters in human embryonic TMJC were determined, including 14 known cell types and one previously unknown cell type, "transition state cells (TSCs)". Immunofluorescence assays confirmed that TSCs are not the same cell cluster as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Pseudotime trajectory and RNA velocity analysis revealed that MSCs transformed into TSCs, which further differentiated into osteoblasts, hypertrophic chondrocytes and tenocytes. In addition, chondrocytes (CYTL1high + THBS1high) from secondary cartilage were detected only in 4-month-old human embryonic TMJC.

Conclusions

Our study provides an atlas of differentiation stages of human embryonic TMJC tissue cells, which will contribute to an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of the TMJC tissue repair process and ultimately help to solve clinical problems.
Animal models of Parkinson’s disease: bridging the gap between disease hallmarks and research questions
Authors: Dovonou Axelle , Bolduc Cyril , Soto Linan Victoria , Gora Charles , Peralta III Modesto R. , Lévesque Martin
Published: July 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. More than 200 years after its first clinical description, PD remains a serious affliction that affects a growing proportion of the population. Prevailing treatments only alleviate symptoms; there is still neither a cure that targets the neurodegenerative processes nor therapies that modify the course of the disease. Over the past decades, several animal models have been developed to study PD. Although no model precisely recapitulates the pathology, they still provide valuable information that contributes to our understanding of the disease and the limitations of our treatment options. This review comprehensively summarizes the different animal models available for Parkinson’s research, with a focus on those induced by drugs, neurotoxins, pesticides, genetic alterations, α-synuclein inoculation, and viral vector injections. We highlight their characteristics and ability to reproduce PD-like phenotypes. It is essential to realize that the strengths and weaknesses of each model and the induction technique at our disposal are determined by the research question being asked. Our review, therefore, seeks to better aid researchers by ensuring a concrete discernment of classical and novel animal models in PD research.
Using diagnostic feedback to enhance the development of phonetic knowledge of an L2: a CALL design based on the unified competition model and the implementation with the Pinyin Tutor
Authors: Zhang Yanhui , MacWhinney Brian
Published: July 2023

Second language acquisition (SLA) is complex and multidimensional. Using the framework of the unified competition model (UCM), the current study explores how robust learning and testing of Chinese Pinyin are fostered by optimal integration of different kinds of feedback in an intelligent computer-assisted language learning (CALL) environment offered by the Pinyin Tutor at TalkBank. The findings demonstrated that the repeated feedback-embedded training with the Pinyin Tutor significantly boosted the learners’ proficiency in all aspects of Pinyin knowledge for second language (L2) learners of Chinese whose first language (L1) backgrounds were varied and whose initial proficiencies in Chinese were elementary. Furthermore, there was a strong increase in Pinyin knowledge, as evidenced in the delayed posttest administered 3 months after finishing the training sessions. The results further showed that diagnostic feedback led to greater improvement than basic feedback. The significance of the results is attributed to the design of the Pinyin Tutor, which implements principles from psycholinguistic theory as well as corpus data on the speech production by L2 learners. The study sheds fresh light on improving the Pinyin Tutor, and CALL in general, by incorporating up-to-date findings in educational psychology.
In Vivo Strain Patterns in the Achilles Tendon During Dynamic Activities: A Comprehensive Survey of the Literature
Authors: Adam Naomi C. , Smith Colin R. , Herzog Walter , Amis Andrew A. , Arampatzis Adamantios , Taylor William R.
Published: July 2023

Achilles’ tendon (AT) injuries such as ruptures and tendinopathies have experienced a dramatic rise in the mid- to older-aged population. Given that the AT plays a key role at all stages of locomotion, unsuccessful rehabilitation after injury often leads to long-term, deleterious health consequences. Understanding healthy in vivo strains as well as the complex muscle–tendon unit interactions will improve access to the underlying aetiology of injuries and how their functionality can be effectively restored post-injury. The goals of this survey of the literature with a systematic search were to provide a benchmark of healthy AT strains measured in vivo during functional activities and identify the sources of variability observed in the results. Two databases were searched, and all articles that provided measured in vivo peak strains or the change in strain with respect to time were included. In total, 107 articles that reported subjects over the age of 18 years with no prior AT injury and measured while performing functional activities such as voluntary contractions, walking, running, jumping, or jump landing were included in this review. In general, unclear anatomical definitions of the sub-tendon and aponeurosis structures have led to considerable confusion in the literature. MRI, ultrasound, and motion capture were the predominant approaches, sometimes coupled with modelling. The measured peak strains increased from 4% to over 10% from contractions, to walking, running, and jumping, in that order. Importantly, measured AT strains were heavily dependent on measurement location, measurement method, measurement protocol, individual AT geometry, and mechanical properties, as well as instantaneous kinematics and kinetics of the studied activity. Through a comprehensive review of approaches and results, this survey of the literature therefore converges to a united terminology of the structures and their common underlying characteristics and presents the state-of-knowledge on their functional strain patterns.
Astrocytic scar restricting glioblastoma via glutamate–MAO-B activity in glioblastoma-microglia assembloid
Authors: Diep Yen N. , Park Hee Jung , Kwon Joon-Ho , Tran Minh , Ko Hae Young , Jo Hanhee , Kim Jisu , Chung Jee-In , Kim Tai Young , Kim Dongwoo , Chang Jong Hee , Kang You Jung , Lee C. Justin , Yun Mijin , Cho Hansang
Published: July 2023

Background

Glial scar formation is a reactive glial response confining injured regions in a central nervous system. However, it remains challenging to identify key factors formulating glial scar in response to glioblastoma (GBM) due to complex glia-GBM crosstalk.

Methods

Here, we constructed an astrocytic scar enclosing GBM in a human assembloid and a mouse xenograft model. GBM spheroids were preformed and then co-cultured with microglia and astrocytes in 3D Matrigel. For the xenograft model, U87-MG cells were subcutaneously injected to the Balb/C nude female mice.

Results

Additional glutamate was released from GBM-microglia assembloid by 3.2-folds compared to GBM alone. The glutamate upregulated astrocytic monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) activity and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) deposition, forming the astrocytic scar and restricting GBM growth. Attenuating scar formation by the glutamate–MAO-B inhibition increased drug penetration into GBM assembloid, while reducing GBM confinement.

Conclusions

Taken together, our study suggests that astrocytic scar could be a critical modulator in GBM therapeutics.

Graphical Abstract
Surgical management of mandibular and maxillary central giant cell granuloma
Authors: Dogan Enes , Gunaydin Riza Onder
Published: July 2023

Background

Central giant cell granuloma is a benign intraosseous lesion of bone. It frequently affects the head and neck region, particularly the maxillary and mandibular bones. Despite the availability of various nonsurgical treatment options, surgery is still the most effective treatment option for granulomas that do not respond to medical treatment, cause significant bone deformities, or result in extensive bleeding. In this article, we aimed to show the importance of surgery in certain patients by sharing our experience with five patients who were operated on in our clinic.

Case presentation

In this case series, five patients who attended our clinic with central giant cell granuloma disease and underwent surgical treatments were retrospectively evaluated utilizing the hospital database records. Demographic and medical information, symptoms at admission, the results of CT and MRI imaging, pathologic results, previous treatments, and the surgical therapy performed at our clinic were all considered. Surgical procedures were performed in five patients; marginal mandibulectomy in two, segmental mandibulectomy in one, and partial maxillectomy in the other two. The granulation tissues in the cavity were removed using curettage and a diamond burr. Primary suture, secondary healing, palatal obturator repair, and free fibula flap reconstruction techniques were performed.

Conclusions

The objective of surgical therapy for central giant cell granuloma is to remove the mass with appropriate surgery and repair it properly with the least amount of morbidity and risk of recurrence possible.