bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformity Within the Campbell Paradigm
Authors: Brügger Adrian , Dorn Michael H. , Messner Claude , Kaiser Florian G.
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Conformity – people’s propensity to comply with the norms and expectations of others – is an important driver of behavior. In this research, we develop a measure of people’s level of conformity which is grounded in an innovative paradigm from attitude research. By relying on relatively easy-to-answer questions about past activities, the new scale addresses some of the conceptual and methodical shortcomings of existing conformity measures. Using a sample of 1,398 people, we calibrated individuals’ claims about how they have conformed with norms, conventions, and the expectations of others in the past. Even though some conformity items seem somewhat gender sensitive, all 33 of them nevertheless form a fairly reliable Rasch scale (rel = .67). Convergent and discriminant validity were corroborated with substantial overlaps with traditional conformity, social desirability, and conscientiousness measures, and with a moderate negative correspondence with people’s desire for uniqueness. Incremental and explanatory validity was provided in a quasi-experiment ( n = 152) on evaluations of commercials.
A Framework to Determine the Limits of Achievable Skill for Interannual to Decadal Climate Predictions
Authors: Liu Yiling , Donat Markus G. , Taschetto Andréa S. , Doblas‐Reyes Francisco J. , Alexander Lisa V. , England Matthew H.
Published: February 2019

In interannual to decadal predictions, forecast quality may arise from the initial state of the system, from long‐term changes due to external forcing such as the increase in greenhouse gases concentrations, and from internally generated variability in a model. In this study, we use a new framework to investigate achievable skill of decadal predictions by comparing perfect‐model prediction experiments with predictions of the real world in order to identify margins for possible improvements to prediction systems. In addition, we assess the added value from capturing the initial state in the climate system over changes due to climate forcing in decadal predictions focusing on annual average near‐surface temperature. We find that ideal initialization may substantially improve the predictions during the first two lead years particularly in parts of the Southern Ocean, Indian Ocean, the tropical Pacific and North Atlantic, and some surrounding land areas (the lead time is the elapsed time since the beginning of a prediction). On longer time scales, the predictions rely more on model performance in simulating low‐frequency variability and long‐term changes due to external forcing. This framework identifies the limits of predictability using the National Centre for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model Version 4 and clarifies the margins of achievable improvements from enhancing different components of the prediction system such as initialization, response to external forcing, and internal variability. We encourage similar experiments to be performed using other climate models, to better understand the dependence of predictability on the model used.
Hepatic Sdf2l1 controls feeding-induced ER stress and regulates metabolism
Authors: Sasako Takayoshi , Ohsugi Mitsuru , Kubota Naoto , Itoh Shinsuke , Okazaki Yukiko , Terai Ai , Kubota Tetsuya , Yamashita Satoshi , Nakatsukasa Kunio , Kamura Takumi , Iwayama Kaito , Tokuyama Kumpei , Kiyonari Hiroshi , Furuta Yasuhide , Shibahara Junji , Fukayama Masashi , Enooku Kenichiro , Okushin Kazuya , Tsutsumi Takeya , Tateishi Ryosuke , Tobe Kazuyuki , Asahara Hiroshi , Koike Kazuhiko , Kadowaki Takashi , Ueki Kohjiro
Published: February 2019

Dynamic metabolic changes occur in the liver during the transition between fasting and feeding. Here we show that transient ER stress responses in the liver following feeding terminated by Sdf2l1 are essential for normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. Sdf2l1 regulates ERAD through interaction with a trafficking protein, TMED10. Suppression of Sdf2l1 expression in the liver results in insulin resistance and increases triglyceride content with sustained ER stress. In obese and diabetic mice, Sdf2l1 is downregulated due to decreased levels of nuclear XBP-1s, whereas restoration of Sdf2l1 expression ameliorates glucose intolerance and fatty liver with decreased ER stress. In diabetic patients, insufficient induction of Sdf2l1 correlates with progression of insulin resistance and steatohepatitis. Therefore, failure to build an ER stress response in the liver may be a causal factor in obesity-related diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, for which Sdf2l1 could serve as a therapeutic target and sensitive biomarker.
Bio-inspired nitric-oxide-driven nanomotor
Authors: Wan Mimi , Chen Huan , Wang Qi , Niu Qian , Xu Ping , Yu Yueqi , Zhu Tianyu , Mao Chun , Shen Jian
Published: February 2019

Current chemical-fuel-driven nanomotors are driven by gas (e.g. H2, O2, NH3) which only provides motion ability, and can produce waste (e.g. Mg(OH)2, Pt). Here, inspired by endogenous biochemical reactions in the human body involving conversion of amino acid L-arginine to nitric oxide (NO) by NO synthase (NOS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS), we report on a nanomotor made of hyperbranched polyamide/L-arginine (HLA). The nanomotor utilizes L-arginine as fuel for the production of NO both as driving force and to provide beneficial effects, including promoting endothelialisation and anticancer effects, along with other beneficial by-products. In addition, the HLA nanomotors are fluorescent and can be used to monitor the movement of nanomotors in vivo in the future. This work presents a zero-waste, self-destroyed and self-imaging nanomotor with potential biological application for the treatment of various diseases in different tissues including blood vessels and tumours.
Promiscuous enzymatic activity-aided multiple-pathway network design for metabolic flux rearrangement in hydroxytyrosol biosynthesis
Authors: Chen Wei , Yao Jun , Meng Jie , Han Wenjing , Tao Yong , Chen Yihua , Guo Yixin , Shi Guizhi , He Yang , Jin Jian-Ming , Tang Shuang-Yan
Published: February 2019

Genetic diversity is a result of evolution, enabling multiple ways for one particular physiological activity. Here, we introduce this strategy into bioengineering. We design two hydroxytyrosol biosynthetic pathways using tyrosine as substrate. We show that the synthetic capacity is significantly improved when two pathways work simultaneously comparing to each individual pathway. Next, we engineer flavin-dependent monooxygenase HpaBC for tyrosol hydroxylase, tyramine hydroxylase, and promiscuous hydroxylase active on both tyrosol and tyramine using directed divergent evolution strategy. Then, the mutant HpaBCs are employed to catalyze two missing steps in the hydroxytyrosol biosynthetic pathways designed above. Our results demonstrate that the promiscuous tyrosol/tyramine hydroxylase can minimize the cell metabolic burden induced by protein overexpression and allow the biosynthetic carbon flow to be divided between two pathways. Thus, the efficiency of the hydroxytyrosol biosynthesis is significantly improved by rearranging the metabolic flux among multiple pathways.
Rationally designed carbohydrate-occluded epitopes elicit HIV-1 Env-specific antibodies
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Dukhovlinova Elena , Council Olivia , Ping Lihua , Faison Edgar M. , Prabhu Shamit S. , Potter E. Lake , Upton Stephen L. , Yin Guowei , Fay James M. , Kincer Laura P. , Spielvogel Ean , Campbell Sharon L. , Benhabbour S. Rahima , Ke Hengming , Swanstrom Ronald , Dokholyan Nikolay V.
Published: February 2019

An array of carbohydrates masks the HIV-1 surface protein Env, contributing to the evasion of humoral immunity. In most HIV-1 isolates ‘glycan holes’ occur due to natural sequence variation, potentially revealing the underlying protein surface to the immune system. Here we computationally design epitopes that mimic such surface features (carbohydrate-occluded neutralization epitopes or CONE) of Env through ‘epitope transplantation’, in which the target region is presented on a carrier protein scaffold with preserved structural properties. Scaffolds displaying the four CONEs are examined for structure and immunogenicity. Crystal structures of two designed proteins reflect the computational models and accurately mimic the native conformations of CONEs. The sera from rabbits immunized with several CONE immunogens display Env binding activity. Our method determines essential structural elements for targets of protective antibodies. The ability to design immunogens with high mimicry to viral proteins also makes possible the exploration of new templates for vaccine development.
Origin of ultrafast growth of monolayer WSe2 via chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chen Shuai , Gao Junfeng , Srinivasan Bharathi M. , Zhang Gang , Sorkin Viacheslav , Hariharaputran Ramanarayan , Zhang Yong-Wei
Published: February 2019

The ultrafast growth of large-area, high-quality WSe2 domains with a compact triangular morphology has recently been achieved on a gold substrate via chemical vapor deposition. However, the underlying mechanism responsible for ultrafast growth remains elusive. Here, we first analyze growth processes and identify two possible pathways that might achieve ultrafast growth: Path 1, fast edge attachment and ultrafast edge diffusion; Path 2, fast kink nucleation and ultrafast kink propagation. We perform kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and first-principles calculations to assess the viability of these two paths, finding that Path 1 is not viable due to the high edge diffusion barrier calculated from first-principles calculations. Remarkably, Path 2 reproduces all the experimental growth features (domain morphology, domain orientation, and growth rate), and the associated energetic data are consistent with first-principles calculations. The present work unveils the underlying mechanism for the ultrafast growth of WSe2, and may provide a new route for the ultrafast growth of other two-dimensional materials.
Isolation and no-entry marine reserves mitigate anthropogenic impacts on grey reef shark behavior
Authors: Juhel Jean-Baptiste , Vigliola Laurent , Wantiez Laurent , Letessier Tom B. , Meeuwig Jessica J. , Mouillot David
Published: February 2019

Reef sharks are vulnerable predators experiencing severe population declines mainly due to overexploitation. However, beyond direct exploitation, human activities can produce indirect or sub-lethal effects such as behavioral alterations. Such alterations are well known for terrestrial fauna but poorly documented for marine species. Using an extensive sampling of 367 stereo baited underwater videos systems, we show modifications in grey reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos) occurrence and feeding behavior along a marked gradient of isolation from humans across the New Caledonian archipelago (South-Western Pacific). The probability of occurrence decreased by 68.9% between wilderness areas (more than 25 hours travel time from the capital city) and impacted areas while the few individuals occurring in impacted areas exhibited cautious behavior. We also show that only large no-entry reserves (above 150 km²) can protect the behavior of grey reef sharks found in the wilderness. Influencing the fitness, human linked behavioral alterations should be taken into account for management strategies to ensure the persistence of populations.
Photoacoustic Imaging for Image-guided Endovenous Laser Ablation Procedures
Authors: Yan Yan , John Samuel , Ghalehnovi Mahboobeh , Kabbani Loay , Kennedy Nicole A. , Mehrmohammadi Mohammad
Published: February 2019

Accurate fiber tip tracking is a critical clinical problem during endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of small perforating veins. Currently, ultrasound (US) imaging is the gold-standard modality for visualizing and for accurately placing the ablation fiber within the diseased vein. However, US imaging has limitations such as angular dependency and comet tail artifacts. In addition, EVLA is often performed without any real-time temperature monitoring, which could lead to an insufficient thermal dose or overheating the surrounding tissue. We propose a new technique that combines US and photoacoustic (PA) imaging for concurrent ablation fiber tip tracking and real-time temperature monitoring during EVLA procedures. Our intended implementation of PA imaging for fiber tracking requires minimal modification of existing systems, which makes this technology easy to adopt. Combining US and PA imaging modalities allows for simultaneous visualization of background anatomical structures as well as high contrast, artifact-free, and angle-independent localization of the ablation fiber tip. Preliminary data demonstrates that changes in the amplitude of the PA signal can be used to monitor the localized temperature at the tip of the ablation fiber, which will be invaluable during EVLA procedures. These improvements can enhance the physician’s accuracy in performing EVLA procedures and will have a significant impact on the treatment outcomes.
Repetitive sex change in the stony coral Herpolitha limax across a wide geographic range
Authors: Eyal-Shaham Lee , Eyal Gal , Sakai Kazuhiko , Nozawa Yoko , Harii Saki , Sinniger Frederic , Bronstein Omri , Ben-Zvi Or , Shlesinger Tom , Loya Yossi
Published: February 2019

Sex change has been widely studied in animals and plants. However, the conditions favoring sex change, its mode and timing remain poorly known. Here, for the first time in stony corals, we report on a protandrous (youngest individuals are males) repetitive sex change exhibited by the fungiid coral Herpolitha limax across large spatial scales (the coral reefs of Japan, Jordan and Israel) and temporal scales (2004–2017). In contrast to most corals, this species is a daytime spawner (08:00–10:00 AM) that spawned at the same time/same date across all the study sites. The sporadically scattered populations of H. limax among the coral reefs of Eilat (Israel) and Aqaba (Jordan) exhibited significantly slower growth, earlier sex change, and lower percentages of reproduction and sex change in comparison to the densely aggregated populations in Okinawa (Japan). At all sites, sex ratio varied among years, but was almost always biased towards maleness. Growth rate decreased with size. We conclude that comparable to dioecious plants that display labile sexuality in response to energetic and/or environmental constraints, the repetitive sex change displayed by H. limax increases its overall fitness reinforcing the important role of reproductive plasticity in the Phylum Cnidaria in determining their evolutionary success.
The diagnostic accuracy of Th1 (IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB- HIV co-infected patients
Authors: Kisuya Job , Chemtai Alex , Raballah Evans , Keter Alfred , Ouma Collins
Published: February 2019

Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) microscopy smear remains the most widely used laboratory diagnostic technique for Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) in low-and-middle income countries. Although it is highly specific, the sensitivity varies between 20–80% in immune-competent people, with only 50% case detection among HIV/TB co-infected patients, hence the need to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Th1 and Th2 cytokine response in AFB microscopy smear negative PTB-HIV co-infected patients. A total of 86 participants were recruited; 70 (81.4%) AFB microscopy smear negative and 16 (18.6%) AFB microscopy smear positive. The AFB microscopy smear negative samples were then cultured using Lowenstein Jensen Medium with 46 being culture-negative and 24 being culture-positive. Blood samples were also collected, cultured using QFT-GIT and the supernatant (plasma) harvested to evaluate cytokine profiles using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. IFN-γ (P < 0.001), TNF-α (P = 0.004), IL-2 (P = 0.004) and IL-4 (P = 0.009) median levels were elevated in PTB culture-positive (AFB microscopy smear negative) as compared to PTB culture-negative (AFB microscopy smear negative) participants. Finally, when Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2), Th2 cytokines (IL-6 and IL-10) and T cells were included in the logistic regression fit for PTB outcome, the predictive power of discriminating between those who were AFB smear negative in the diagnosis of PTB was good with cross validated area under the curve (AUC) being 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.96). This study provides evidence for the ability of Th1 and Th2 cytokines to determine PTB status in AFB microscopy smear negative patients co-infected with HIV.
Implication of thermally conductive nanodiamond-interspersed graphite nanoplatelet hybrids in thermoset composites with superior thermal management capability
Authors: Zhang Yinhang , Park Mira , Park Soo-Jin
Published: February 2019

Novel hybrid nanofillers composed of nanodiamond-attached graphite nanoplatelets (ND@GNPs) were designed and employed to toughen the epoxy (EP) matrix for fabricating superior thermal conductive and physically robust thermoset nanocomposites for electronics and auto industries. The hybrid nanofiller was covalently bonded by 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and it provided distinct enhancement in thermal conductivity and dynamic storage modulus of the EP/ND@GNPs nanocomposites attributing to the unique nanostructure of ND@GNPs that can form strong interfacial interaction with EP matrix, thus restrict the EP molecular motions. The EP/ND@GNPs20 presented a thermal conductivity of 2.48 W · m−1 · K−1 and dynamic storage modulus of 5.6 GPa. The presence of ND particles not only can enhance heat transfer efficiency but also improve the interfacial interaction between ND and EP matrix, which can directly affect physical properties of the EP composites.
Sulphuric acid-mediated weathering on Taiwan buffers geological atmospheric carbon sinks
Authors: Blattmann T. M. , Wang S.-L. , Lupker M. , Märki L. , Haghipour N. , Wacker L. , Chung L.-H. , Bernasconi S. M. , Plötze M. , Eglinton T. I.
Published: February 2019

The chemical composition of the Gaoping River in Taiwan reflects the weathering of both silicate and carbonate rocks found in its metasedimentary catchment. Major dissolved ion chemistry and radiocarbon signatures of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) reveal the importance of pyrite-derived sulphuric acid weathering on silicates and carbonates. Two-thirds of the dissolved load of the Gaoping River derives from sulphuric acid-mediated weathering of rocks within its catchment. This is reflected in the lowest reported signatures DI14C for a small mountainous river (43 to 71 percent modern carbon), with rock-derived carbonate constituting a 14C-free DIC source. Using an inverse modelling approach integrating riverine major dissolved ion chemistry and DI14C, we provide quantitative constraints of mineral weathering pathways and calculate atmospheric CO2 fluxes resulting from the erosion of the Taiwan orogeny over geological timescales. The results reveal that weathering on Taiwan releases 0.31 ± 0.12 MtC/yr, which is offset by burial of terrestrial biospheric organic carbon in offshore sediments. The latter tips the balance with respect to the total CO2 budget of Taiwan such that the overall system acts as a net sink, with 0.24 ± 0.13 MtC/yr of atmospheric CO2 consumed over geological timescales.
Therapeutic effect of topical administration of red onion extract in a murine model of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Seo Min Young , Kim Ki Ryung , Lee Jung Joo , Ryu Gwanghui , Lee Seung Hoon , Hong Sang Duk , Dhong Hun-Jong , Baek Chung-Hwan , Chung Seung-Kyu , Kim Hyo Yeol
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical administration of onion (Allium cepa) extract on nasal cavity for treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR). BALB/c mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection of ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with intranasal instillation of OVA with or without onion extracts for five times a week on 3 consecutive weeks. Allergic symptom score according to frequencies of sneezing, serum total and OVA specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) level, cytokine levels of nasal mucosa and eosinophilic infiltration were analyzed. Allergic symptom score, serum total and OVA specific IgE, cytokine levels of nasal mucosa (interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IFN-γ, TNF-α and COX-2) and eosinophilic infiltration were higher in allergic mouse group than negative control group. Topical application of onion extracts significantly reduced allergic symptoms and OVA specific IgE levels. Cytokine levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 and IFN-γ were significantly decreased in groups treated with onion extract. In addition, eosinophil infiltration of nasal turbinate mucosa was also significantly decreased after treatment with onion extract. Topical administration of onion extract significantly reduces allergic rhinitis symptom and allergic inflammatory reaction in a murine allergic model. It can be assumed that the topical application of onion extract regulates allergic symptoms by suppressing the type-1 helper (Th1) and type-2 helper (Th2) responses and reducing the allergic inflammatory reaction.
Polydopamine-based Implantable Multifunctional Nanocarpet for Highly Efficient Photothermal-chemo Therapy
Authors: Tiwari Arjun Prasad , Bhattarai Deval Prasad , Maharjan Bikendra , Ko Sung Won , Kim Hak Yong , Park Chan Hee , Kim Cheol Sang
Published: February 2019

We report a design and fabricate multifunctional localized platform for cancer therapy. Multiple stimuli-responsive polydopamine (PDA) was used for surface modification of electrospun doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers to make a designated platform. Photothermal properties such as photothermal performance and stability of the resulting composite mats were studied under the irradiation of the near-infrared (NIR) laser of 808 nm. With the incorporation of PDA into the fiber, a remarkable increase of local temperature was recorded under NIR illumination in a concentration-dependent manner with excellent stability. Drug released assay results revealed PDA coated PCL-DOX mats showed pH and NIR dual responsive behavior thereby exhibiting improved drug release in an acidic medium compared to physiological pH condition (pH 7.4) which is further increased by NIR exposure. The cancer activity in vitro of the mats was evaluated using cell counting (CCK) and live and dead cell assays. The combined effect of NIR mediated hyperthermia and chemo release resulting improved cells death has been reported. In summary, this study presents a major step forward towards a therapeutic model to cancer treatment utilizing pH and NIR dual responsive property from PDA alone in a fibrous mat.
The pro-atherogenic response to disturbed blood flow is increased by a western diet, but not by old age
Authors: Walker Ashley E. , Breevoort Sarah R. , Durrant Jessica R. , Liu Yu , Machin Daniel R. , Dobson Parker S. , Nielson Elizabeth I. , Meza Antonio J. , Islam Md. Torikul , Donato Anthony J. , Lesniewski Lisa A.
Published: February 2019

Atherogenic remodeling often occurs at arterial locations with disturbed blood flow (i.e., low or oscillatory) and both aging and western diet (WD) increase the likelihood for pro-atherogenic remodeling. However, it is unknown if old age and/or a WD modify the pro-atherogenic response to disturbed blood flow. We induced disturbed blood flow by partial carotid ligation (PCL) of the left carotid artery in young and old, normal chow (NC) or WD fed male B6D2F1 mice. Three weeks post-PCL, ligated carotid arteries had greater intima media thickness, neointima formation, and macrophage content compared with un-ligated arteries. WD led to greater remodeling and macrophage content in the ligated artery compared with NC mice, but these outcomes were similar between young and old mice. In contrast, nitrotyrosine content, a marker of oxidative stress, did not differ between WD and NC fed mice, but was greater in old compared with young mice in both ligated and un-ligated carotid arteries. In primary vascular smooth muscle cells, aging reduced proliferation, whereas conditioned media from fatty acid treated endothelial cells increased proliferation. Taken together, these findings suggest that the remodeling and pro-inflammatory response to disturbed blood flow is increased by WD, but is not increased by aging.
Cyclized NDGA modifies dynamic α-synuclein monomers preventing aggregation and toxicity
Authors: Daniels Malcolm J. , Nourse J. Brucker , Kim Hanna , Sainati Valerio , Schiavina Marco , Murrali Maria Grazia , Pan Buyan , Ferrie John J. , Haney Conor M. , Moons Rani , Gould Neal S. , Natalello Antonino , Grandori Rita , Sobott Frank , Petersson E. James , Rhoades Elizabeth , Pierattelli Roberta , Felli Isabella , Uversky Vladimir N. , Caldwell Kim A. , Caldwell Guy A. , Krol Edward S. , Ischiropoulos Harry
Published: February 2019

Growing evidence implicates α-synuclein aggregation as a key driver of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, the molecular and structural mechanisms of inhibiting α-synuclein aggregation by novel analogs of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a phenolic dibenzenediol lignan, were explored using an array of biochemical and biophysical methodologies. NDGA analogs induced modest, progressive compaction of monomeric α-synuclein, preventing aggregation into amyloid-like fibrils. This conformational remodeling preserved the dynamic adoption of α-helical conformations, which are essential for physiological membrane interactions. Oxidation-dependent NDGA cyclization was required for the interaction with monomeric α-synuclein. NDGA analog-pretreated α-synuclein did not aggregate even without NDGA-analogs in the aggregation mixture. Strikingly, NDGA-pretreated α-synuclein suppressed aggregation of naïve untreated aggregation-competent monomeric α-synuclein. Further, cyclized NDGA reduced α-synuclein-driven neurodegeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans. The cyclized NDGA analogs may serve as a platform for the development of small molecules that stabilize aggregation-resistant α-synuclein monomers without interfering with functional conformations yielding potential therapies for PD and related disorders.
FCC to BCC transformation-induced plasticity based on thermodynamic phase stability in novel V10Cr10Fe45CoxNi35−x medium-entropy alloys
Authors: Jo Y. H. , Choi W. M. , Kim D. G. , Zargaran A. , Sohn S. S. , Kim H. S. , Lee B. J. , Kim N. J. , Lee S.
Published: February 2019

We introduce a novel transformation-induced plasticity mechanism, i.e., a martensitic transformation from fcc phase to bcc phase, in medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). A VCrFeCoNi MEA system is designed by thermodynamic calculations in consideration of phase stability between bcc and fcc phases. The resultantly formed bcc martensite favorably contributes to the transformation-induced plasticity, thereby leading to a significant enhancement in both strength and ductility as well as strain hardening. We reveal the microstructural evolutions according to the Co-Ni balance and their contributions to a mechanical response. The Co-Ni balance plays a leading role in phase stability and consequently tunes the cryogenic-temperature strength-ductility balance. The main difference from recently-reported metastable high-entropy dual-phase alloys is the formation of bcc martensite as a daughter phase, which shows significant effects on strain hardening. The hcp phase in the present MEA mostly acts as a nucleation site for the bcc martensite. Our findings demonstrate that the fcc to bcc transformation can be an attractive route to a new MEA design strategy for improving cryogenic strength-ductility.
Characterization of biventricular alterations in myocardial (reverse) remodelling in aortic banding-induced chronic pressure overload
Authors: Miranda-Silva Daniela , Gonçalves-Rodrigues Patrícia , Almeida-Coelho João , Hamdani Nazha , Lima Tânia , Conceição Glória , Sousa-Mendes Cláudia , Cláudia-Moura  , González Arantxa , Díez Javier , Linke Wolfgang A. , Leite-Moreira Adelino , Falcão-Pires Inês
Published: February 2019

Aortic Stenosis (AS) is the most frequent valvulopathy in the western world. Traditionally aortic valve replacement (AVR) has been recommended immediately after the onset of heart failure (HF) symptoms. However, recent evidence suggests that AVR outcome can be improved if performed earlier. After AVR, the process of left ventricle (LV) reverse remodelling (RR) is variable and frequently incomplete. In this study, we aimed at detecting mechanism underlying the process of LV RR regarding myocardial structural, functional and molecular changes before the onset of HF symptoms. Wistar-Han rats were subjected to 7-weeks of ascending aortic-banding followed by a 2-week period of debanding to resemble AS-induced LV remodelling and the early events of AVR-induced RR, respectively. This resulted in 3 groups: Sham (n = 10), Banding (Ba, n = 15) and Debanding (Deb, n = 10). Concentric hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction (DD) were patent in the Ba group. Aortic-debanding induced RR, which promoted LV functional recovery, while cardiac structure did not normalise. Cardiac parameters of RV dysfunction, assessed by echocardiography and at the cardiomyocyte level prevailed altered after debanding. After debanding, these alterations were accompanied by persistent changes in pathways associated to myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and LV inflammation. Aortic banding induced pulmonary arterial wall thickness to increase and correlates negatively with effort intolerance and positively with E/e′ and left atrial area. We described dysregulated pathways in LV and RV remodelling and RR after AVR. Importantly we showed important RV-side effects of aortic constriction, highlighting the impact that LV-reverse remodelling has on both ventricles.
Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition and Quasi Particle Excitation
Authors: Jafari R.
Published: February 2019

Dynamical phase transitions (DPTs) are signaled by the non-analytical time evolution of the dynamical free energy after quenching some global parameters in quantum systems. The dynamical free energy is calculated from the overlap between the initial and the time evolved states (Loschmidt amplitude). In a recent study it was suggested that DPTs are related to the equilibrium phase transitions (EPTs) (Heyl, M. et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 135704 (2013)). We here study an exactly solvable model, the extended XY model, the Loschmidt amplitude of which provides a counterexample. We show analytically that the connection between the DPTs and the EPTs does not hold generally. Analysing also the general compass model as a second example, assists us to propound the physical condition under which the DPT occurs without crossing the equilibrium critical point, and also no DPT by crossing the equilibrium critical point.
A familial congenital heart disease with a possible multigenic origin involving a mutation in BMPR1A
Authors: Demal Till Joscha , Heise Melina , Reiz Benedikt , Dogra Deepika , Brænne Ingrid , Reichenspurner Hermann , Männer Jörg , Aherrahrou Zouhair , Schunkert Heribert , Erdmann Jeanette , Abdelilah-Seyfried Salim
Published: February 2019

The genetics of many congenital heart diseases (CHDs) can only unsatisfactorily be explained by known chromosomal or Mendelian syndromes. Here, we present sequencing data of a family with a potentially multigenic origin of CHD. Twelve of nineteen family members carry a familial mutation [NM_004329.2:c.1328 G > A (p.R443H)] which encodes a predicted deleterious variant of BMPR1A. This mutation co-segregates with a linkage region on chromosome 1 that associates with the emergence of severe CHDs including Ebstein’s anomaly, atrioventricular septal defect, and others. We show that the continuous overexpression of the zebrafish homologous mutation bmpr1aap.R438H within endocardium causes a reduced AV valve area, a downregulation of Wnt/ß-catenin signalling at the AV canal, and growth of additional tissue mass in adult zebrafish hearts. This finding opens the possibility of testing genetic interactions between BMPR1A and other candidate genes within linkage region 1 which may provide a first step towards unravelling more complex genetic patterns in cardiovascular disease aetiology.
Ample glycosylation in membrane and cell envelope proteins may explain the phenotypic diversity and virulence in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
Authors: Birhanu Alemayehu Godana , Yimer Solomon Abebe , Kalayou Shewit , Riaz Tahira , Zegeye Ephrem Debebe , Holm-Hansen Carol , Norheim Gunnstein , Aseffa Abraham , Abebe Markos , Tønjum Tone
Published: February 2019

Multiple regulatory mechanisms including post-translational modifications (PTMs) confer complexity to the simpler genomes and proteomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). PTMs such as glycosylation play a significant role in Mtb adaptive processes. The glycoproteomic patterns of clinical isolates of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) representing the lineages 3, 4, 5 and 7 were characterized by mass spectrometry. A total of 2944 glycosylation events were discovered in 1325 proteins. This data set represents the highest number of glycosylated proteins identified in Mtb to date. O-glycosylation constituted 83% of the events identified, while 17% of the sites were N-glycosylated. This is the first report on N-linked protein glycosylation in Mtb and in Gram-positive bacteria. Collectively, the bulk of Mtb glycoproteins are involved in cell envelope biosynthesis, fatty acid and lipid metabolism, two-component systems, and pathogen-host interaction that are either surface exposed or located in the cell wall. Quantitative glycoproteomic analysis revealed that 101 sites on 67 proteins involved in Mtb fitness and survival were differentially glycosylated between the four lineages, among which 64% were cell envelope and membrane proteins. The differential glycosylation pattern may contribute to phenotypic variabilities across Mtb lineages. The study identified several clinically important membrane-associated glycolipoproteins that are relevant for diagnostics as well as for drug and vaccine discovery.
The MFS efflux pump EmrKY contributes to the survival of Shigella within macrophages
Authors: Pasqua Martina , Grossi Milena , Scinicariello Sara , Aussel Laurent , Barras Frédéric , Colonna Bianca , Prosseda Gianni
Published: February 2019

Efflux pumps are membrane protein complexes conserved in all living organisms. Beyond being involved in antibiotic extrusion in several bacteria, efflux pumps are emerging as relevant players in pathogen-host interactions. We have investigated on the possible role of the efflux pump network in Shigella flexneri, the etiological agent of bacillary dysentery. We have found that S. flexneri has retained 14 of the 20 pumps characterized in Escherichia coli and that their expression is differentially modulated during the intracellular life of Shigella. In particular, the emrKY operon, encoding an efflux pump of the Major Facilitator Superfamily, is specifically and highly induced in Shigella-infected U937 macrophage-like cells and is activated in response to a combination of high K+ and acidic pH, which are sensed by the EvgS/EvgA two-component system. Notably, we show that following S. flexneri infection, macrophage cytosol undergoes a mild reduction of intracellular pH, permitting EvgA to trigger the emrKY activation. Finally, we present data suggesting that EmrKY is required for the survival of Shigella in the harsh macrophage environment, highlighting for the first time the key role of an efflux pump during the Shigella invasive process.
Bipolaron Dynamics in Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Silva Gesiel Gomes , Ribeiro Junior Luiz Antonio , Pereira Junior Marcelo Lopes , Fonseca Antonio Luciano de Almeida , de Sousa Júnior Rafael Timóteo , Silva Geraldo Magela e
Published: February 2019

Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are two-dimensional structures with a rich variety of electronic properties that derive from their semiconducting band gaps. In these materials, charge transport can occur via a hopping process mediated by carriers formed by self-interacting states between the excess charge and local lattice deformations. Here, we use a two-dimensional tight-binding approach to reveal the formation of bipolarons in GNRs. Our results show that the formed bipolarons are dynamically stable even for high electric field strengths when it comes to GNRs. Remarkably, the bipolaron dynamics can occur in acoustic and optical regimes concerning its saturation velocity. The phase transition between these two regimes takes place for a critical field strength in which the bipolaron moves roughly with the speed of sound in the material.
Enhancing bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties of a nano-sized, anti-VEGFR2 Adnectin, through PASylation technology
Authors: Aghaabdollahian Safieh , Ahangari Cohan Reza , Norouzian Dariush , Davami Fatemeh , Asadi Karam Mohammad Reza , Torkashvand Fatemeh , Vaseghi Golnaz , Moazzami Reza , Latif Dizaji Sakineh
Published: February 2019

The crucial role of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling in the angiogenesis and metastasis of solid tumors has prompted the development of inhibitors with minimal bystander effects. Recently, Adnectin C has attracted attention for cancer treatment. To overcome the problematic properties of Adnectin, a novel form of Adnectin C has been designed by its fusion to a biodegradable polymeric peptide containing Pro/Ala/Ser (PAS) repetitive residues.E. coli-expressed recombinant fused and unfused proteins were compared in terms of bioactivity, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties using standard methods. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis of PASylated adnectin C revealed an approximate 2-fold increase in particle size with a slight change in the net charge. Additionally, fusion of the PAS sequence improved its stability against the growth of thermo-induced aggregated forms. The high receptor-binding and improved binding kinetic parameters of PASylated Adnectin C was confirmed by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance assays, respectively. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a noticeable increase in the terminal half-life of Adnectin C-PAS#1(200) by a factor of 4.57 after single dose by intravenous injection into female BALB/c mice. The results suggest that PASylation could offer a superior delivery strategy for developing Adnectin-derived drugs with improved patient compliance.
Bovine leukemia virus DNA associated with breast cancer in women from South Brazil
Authors: Schwingel Daniela , Andreolla Ana P. , Erpen Luana M. S. , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz C.
Published: February 2019

Breast cancer is a neoplastic condition with a high morbidity and mortality amongst women worldwide. Recent data linking bovine leukemia virus (BLV) with breast cancer has been contested already. Our study investigated the presence of BLV genome in healthy (n = 72) and cancerous (n = 72) paraffin-embedded samples of breast tissues from women in south Brazil. BLV DNA was found most frequently (30.5%) in breast cancer tissue than in healthy breast (13.9%) (Odds ratio = 2.73; confidence interval = 1.18–6.29; p = 0.027). In contrast, antibodies to BLV were found in a very small percentage of healthy blood donors. There was no association between BLV DNA and other tumor prognostic biological markers such as hormonal receptors, HER2 oncoprotein, proliferation index, metastasis in sentinels lymph nodes, and tumor grade and size. Our findings suggest that BLV should be considered a potential predisposing factor to breast cancer in women.
Human blood plasma catalyses the degradation of Lycopodium plant sporoderm microcapsules
Authors: Fan Teng-Fei , Potroz Michael G. , Tan Ee-Lin , Park Jae H. , Miyako Eijiro , Cho Nam-Joon
Published: February 2019

Plant sporoderm are among the most robust biomaterials in nature. We investigate the erosion of Lycopodium sporoderm microcapsules (SDMCs) triggered by human blood plasma. Dynamic image particle analysis (DIPA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy demonstrate the degradation events, suggesting bulk erosion as the dominant mechanism for SDMCs fragmentation in human blood. These results should prove valuable in discerning the behaviour of SDMCs in potential biological applications.
Linking Binary Gene Relationships to Drivers of Renal Cell Carcinoma Reveals Convergent Function in Alternate Tumor Progression Paths
Authors: Poehlman William L. , Hsieh James J. , Feltus F. Alex
Published: February 2019

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) subtypes are characterized by distinct molecular profiles. Using RNA expression profiles from 1,009 RCC samples, we constructed a condition-annotated gene coexpression network (GCN). The RCC GCN contains binary gene coexpression relationships (edges) specific to conditions including RCC subtype and tumor stage. As an application of this resource, we discovered RCC GCN edges and modules that were associated with genetic lesions in known RCC driver genes, including VHL, a common initiating clear cell RCC (ccRCC) genetic lesion, and PBRM1 and BAP1 which are early genetic lesions in the Braided Cancer River Model (BCRM). Since ccRCC tumors with PBRM1 mutations respond to targeted therapy differently than tumors with BAP1 mutations, we focused on ccRCC-specific edges associated with tumors that exhibit alternate mutation profiles: VHL-PBRM1 or VHL-BAP1. We found specific blends molecular functions associated with these two mutation paths. Despite these mutation-associated edges having unique genes, they were enriched for the same immunological functions suggesting a convergent functional role for alternate gene sets consistent with the BCRM. The condition annotated RCC GCN described herein is a novel data mining resource for the assignment of polygenic biomarkers and their relationships to RCC tumors with specific molecular and mutational profiles.
Author Correction: Combined quantification of procalcitonin and HLA-DR improves sepsis detection in surgical patients
Authors: Almansa Raquel , Martín Silvia , Martin-Fernandez Marta , Heredia-Rodríguez María , Gómez-Sánchez Esther , Aragón Marta , Andrés Cristina , Calvo Dolores , Rico-Feijoo Jesus , Esteban-Velasco Maria Carmen , Vaquero-Roncero Luis Mario , Ortega Alicia , Gómez-Pesquera Estefania , Lorenzo-López Mario , de Cenarruzabeitia Iñigo López , Benavides Diana , López-Sanchez Jaime , Doncel Cristina , González-Sanchez Carmen , Zarca Esther , Ríos-Llorente Alberto , Diaz Agustín , Sanchez-Barrado Elisa , de Heredia Juan Beltran , Calvo-Vecino Jose Maria , Muñoz-Bellvís Luis , Gomez-Herreras Jose Ignacio , Aldecoa César , Tamayo Eduardo , Bermejo-Martin Jesus F.
Published: February 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The efficiency of cytosolic drug delivery using pH-responsive endosomolytic polymers does not correlate with activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Baljon Jessalyn J. , Dandy Aamina , Wang-Bishop Lihong , Wehbe Mohamed , Jacobson Max E. , Wilson John T.
Published: February 2019

Polymers that are unable to escape the early endosome, and instead cause lysosomal rupture, activate the NLRP3 inflammasome.
Quantitative analysis of14N quadrupolar coupling using1H detected14N solid-state NMR
Authors: Jarvis James A. , Concistre Maria , Haies Ibraheem M. , Bounds Richard W. , Kuprov Ilya , Carravetta Marina , Williamson Philip T. F.
Published: February 2019

Quantitative analysis of the14N quadrupolar interactions using proton detected14N magic-angle spinning NMR and high-performance numerical simulations.
Density functional theory prediction of Mg3N2 as a high-performance anode material for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Xiong Lixin , Hu Junping , Yu Sicheng , Wu Musheng , Xu Bo , Ouyang Chuying
Published: February 2019

We predict that a novel graphene-like 2D material (g-Mg3N2) can serve as a LIB anode with super high capacity.
Revisiting the reaction energetics of the CH3O˙ + O2 (3Σ−) reaction: the crucial role of post-CCSD(T) corrections
Authors: Mallick Subhasish , Kumar Amit , Kumar Pradeep
Published: February 2019

The CH3O˙ + O2 reaction has been studied by means of high level ab initio calculations to predict the reaction energy and barrier height with chemical accuracy.
DietaryN-carbamylglutamate andl-arginine supplementation improves intestinal energy status in intrauterine-growth-retarded suckling lambs
Authors: Zhang Hao , Peng Along , Guo Shuang , Wang Mengzhi , Loor Juan J. , Wang Hongrong
Published: February 2019

This study explores the roles ofl-arginine (Arg) andN-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation in the diet in intestine damage, energy state, as well as the associated protein kinase signaling pathways activated by AMP in intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) suckling lambs.
Lycopene inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and modulates cellular lipid storage and signaling
Authors: Elias Monique de Barros , Oliveira Felipe Leite , Guma Fatima Costa Rodrigues , Martucci Renata Brum , Borojevic Radovan , Teodoro Anderson Junger
Published: February 2019

Hepatic stellate cells are liver-specific perivascular cells, identified as the major source of collagen in liver fibrosis, following their activation and conversion to myofibroblast-like cells.
Electrical and electrochemical properties of Li2M(WO4)2 (M = Ni, Co and Cu) compounds
Authors: Karoui Karim , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Ben Rhaiem Abdallah , Boschini Frèdéric
Published: February 2019

Li2M(WO4)2 (M = Co, Cu or Ni) materials have been synthesized using the solid-state reaction method.
A heterogeneous single Cu catalyst of Cu atoms confined in the spinel lattice of MgAl2O4 with good catalytic activity and stability for NO reduction by CO
Authors: Wu Jichun , Li Yuanzhi , Yang Yi , Zhang Qian , Yun Li , Wu Shaowen , Zhou Chongyang , Jiang Zhongkai , Zhao Xiujian
Published: February 2019

A heterogeneous single Cu catalyst exhibits good catalytic activity and durability at high temperature for NO reduction by CO due to the confinement effect of spinel lattice.
Multilayer NiO@Co3O4@graphene quantum dots hollow spheres for high-performance lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors
Authors: Yin Xiaojie , Zhi Chuanwei , Sun Weiwei , Lv Li-Ping , Wang Yong
Published: February 2019

Multilayer NiO@Co3O4 hollow spheres are modified by graphene quantum dots and exhibit superior performances for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors.
A novel reactive turn-on probe capable of selective profiling and no-wash imaging of Bruton's tyrosine kinase in live cells
Authors: Wang Xin , Ma Nan , Wu Rui , Ding Ke , Li Zhengqiu
Published: February 2019

A series of reaction-based probes have been developed by conjugation of maleimide–coumarin into ibrutinib. The resulting probes display high sensitivity and selectivity toward BTK, and were proven to be suitable for simultaneous protein labeling and no-wash imaging of BTK inside live mammalian cells.
Correction: Micro/nano-bubble assisted synthesis of Au/TiO2@CNTs composite photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of gaseous styrene and its enhanced catalytic mechanism
Authors: Zhang Weiping , Li Guiying , Liu Hongli , Chen Jiangyao , Ma Shengtao , An Taicheng
Published: February 2019

Correction for ‘Micro/nano-bubble assisted synthesis of Au/TiO2@CNTs composite photocatalyst for photocatalytic degradation of gaseous styrene and its enhanced catalytic mechanism’ by Weiping Zhang et al., Environ. Sci.: Nano, 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c8en01375f.
Computation of protein–ligand binding free energies using quantum mechanical bespoke force fields
Authors: Cole Daniel J. , Cabeza de Vaca Israel , Jorgensen William L.
Published: February 2019

A quantum mechanical bespoke molecular mechanics force field is derived for the L99A mutant of T4 lysozyme and used to compute absolute binding free energies of six benzene analogs to the protein.