bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational structure of technical and tactical training of skilled goalkeepers in football
Authors: Shamardin V.N. , Khorkavyy B.V.
Published: January 2015

Purpose: to study the structure of technical and tactical training of skilled goalkeepers in football. Material : the study involved 40 goalkeepers in age from 21 to 39 years (team Premier League Championship of Ukraine). According to teacher’s observations were under direct competition activity of skilled goalkeepers. Results : It is shown that the technical and tactical activities goalkeeper characterized by two phases of the game: action to protect and attack. In turn, they include eight typical situations. It was found that in accordance with these typical situations goalkeeper applying a technical and tactical actions. Conclusions : It is recommended to increase the efficiency of the game keeper in protective and offensive actions to use specific and non-specific exercises in a variety of standard situations arising during the match.
Non-Invasive Characterization of Stone Artifacts from the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan, Mexico
Authors: Manrique-Ortega Mayra Dafne , Claes Pieterjan , Aguilar-Melo Valentina , Wong-Rueda Malinalli , Ruvalcaba-Sil José Luis , Casanova-González Edgar , Melgar Emiliano , Solis Reyna
Published: January 2015

The Museum of the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan in Mexico City holds a collection of several thousands of polished stone artifacts that were excavated and identified as temple offerings. These can stratigraphically be related to the sequential construction stages (II-VII) of the ceremonial area of the Aztec capital from the foundation of the city in 1325 to 1521, when the Spaniards conquered the city. A non-destructive investigation of the elemental and chemical composition of these archaeological artifacts helps us to understand the provenance of these pieces, their use and the specific mineralogical choice for these artifacts as well as more information regarding trade routes relevant to the development of the Aztec empire. A mineralogical analysis of, in total, 450 stone artifacts was carried out using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF). From this, eighty-five pieces were selected according to their excavation location, either in the Great Temple itself or in the surrounding buildings, as well as to represent the different construction stages of the area (this is part of a World Heritage Site). The resulting mineralogical and chemical information was related to possible mineral resources that were controlled and used as the empire expanded. Artifacts made from high-status semi-precious minerals, like jadeite and turquoise, are found to be concentrated in the central buildings and in the Great Temple itself, but also in the later construction periods of the area.
Digital Detection of Nanoparticles: Viral Diagnostics and Multiplexed Protein and Nucleic Acid Assays
Authors: Ünlü M. S.
Published: January 2015

Synthetic nanoparticles have made significant impact across a broad range of technological applications including optical nanoantennas, ultra-sensitive imaging and sensing, and diagnostics and therapeutics. Natural nanoparticles such as viruses and pollutants are major concerns for human health. High-throughput characterization of nanoparticles in terms of their size and shape is crucial for practical applications of synthetic nanoparticles and highly sensitive pathogen identification. Recently, we have demonstrated Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS) with the ability to detect single nanoscale particles [1,2].

In single-particle modality of IRIS (SP-IRIS), the interference of light reflected from the sensor surface is modified by the presence of particles producing a distinct signal that reveals the size of the particle. In our approach, the dielectric layered structure acts as an optical antenna optimizing the elastic scattering characteristics of nanoparticles for sensitive detection and analysis. We have demonstrated identification of virus articles in complex samples for various viruses in multiplexed format. Size discrimination of the imaged nanoparticles (virions) allows differentiation between modified viruses having different genome lengths and facilitates a reduction in the counting of non-specifically bound particles to achieve a limit-of-detection (LOD) of 5x103 pfu/mL for the Ebola and Marburg VSV pseudotypes. We have demonstrated the simultaneous detection of multiple viruses in serum or whole blood as well as in samples contaminated with high levels of bacteria [3]. Single nanoparticle detection with IRIS has shown promising results for protein [4] and DNA arrays with attomolar detection sensitivity.
Randomized clinical trial to assess pain and bruising in medicines administered by means of subcutaneous and intramuscular needle injection: Is it necessary to have needles changed?
Authors: Lamblet Luiz Carlos Ribeiro , Meira Edilson Sant'Anna , Torres Silvana , Ferreira Barbara Carvalho , Martucchi Sergio Dias
Published: January 2015

This clinical trial aimed at comparing the intensity of pain and bruising by subcutaneous and intramuscular injections using and retractable fixed syringes and needles and syringes with no needles combined, at a public hospital in Sao Paulo, for six months. We evaluated the perception of pain in case of intramuscular (n=1000) and subcutaneous injections (n=240). In subcutaneous application, bruise formation was also verified. Pain and bruising scores were higher in the group with no needles combined (p<0.001) and (p<0.029), respectively. The test power in relation to the pain scale of was 0.98. The use of retractable fixed needles is recommended in the application of subcutaneous and intramuscular injections. Clinical trial registration number: NCT01271608.
An Introduction to the Carter Report
Authors: Barbeau Jacques
Published: January 2015

After 54 months and an expenditure of 3.5 million dollars, the Report of the Royal Commission on Taxation has been delivered to the Canadian people. Irrespective of whether one agrees or disagrees with the specific recommendations, there is doubt that the Report is an ideological manifesto designed to promote a new social order in Canada. In order to evaluate those recommendations affecting the petroleum industry, one must first acquire a perspective of the over-all Report. This paper briefly reviews the underpinning of the "Carter Tax System," describes the treatment to be accorded the petroleum industry and outlines some general conclusions as to the probable effects of the Carter Report on the petroleum industry.
The Effect of Nitrogen on Reservoir Fluid Saturation Pressure
Authors: Jacobson H.A.
Published: January 2015

The effect of nitrogen on the saturation pressure of reservoir fluids has been noted through measurements made in the laboratory and through references to saturation pressure correlations in the literature. Experiments in the laboratory, where a volume of nitrogen and a volume of methane were added alternately to a reservoir fluid sample, indicated that the saturation pressure increase obtained with nitrogen was seven times that obtained with methane. This low solubility of nitrogen in oil was examined by analyses of the differentially liberated gases. Variations in the nitrogen content of the differential gases from a series of nitrogen-containing reservoir fluids were related to variations in gas solubility. The bubble-point pressure correlations found in the literature are based on essentially nitrogen-free reservoir fluids. The authors observe that pressures predicted for systems containing nitrogen will be low. The present paper relates to Standing's correlation and presents an adjustment to predicted pressures for nitrogen content of the solution gas. Although this adjustment is based on the limited data that are available, it does indicate the range of pressure variation that may be attributed to nitrogen.
Approximate Methods for Calculating the Temperature Distribution During Hot Fluid Injection
Authors: Thomas G.W.
Published: January 2015

This paper presents three approaches for approximating temperature distributions during hot fluid injection. The approximations are applicable to relatively thin beds in which the injected fluid flux is high, i.e. where radial convection is the dominant heat transport mechanism. A comparison with other solutions indicates adequate agreement, which improves as time increases. Expressions are derived using the first approximation to estimate oil production rates and heated rock volumes for a thermally stimulated bed. Criteria are also developed to determine the range of validity of this approximation. Finally, typical calculations are presented to illustrate the utility of these results.
Risk, Probability and Decision-Making in Oil and Gas Development Operations
Authors: Northern I.G.
Published: January 2015

The late years of the 1950's and the early years of the present decade were notable for the outpouring of words and ideas on how best to evaluate opportunities for capital investment. For the most part, argument focused on the relative significance of various profit indicators – how they should be developed and how they should be interpreted. It is probably true to say that out of the debate there has emerged general agreement that measures of present worth in their several forms are economic indicators of prime significance when comparing alternative courses of investment action.
Treatment of Trochanteric Fractures with the Gamma3 Nail - Methodology and Early Results of a Prospective Consecutive Monitored Clinical Case Series
Authors: Unger A.C. , Wilde E. , Kienast B. , Jürgens C. , Schulz A. P.
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

There is only sparse data on clinical results and complications of the third-generation Gamma nailing system (Gamma3, Stryker). Therefore, we started a large multi-centre case series in 2008. The aim of this paper is to present the study design and early results of a single arm of a prospective, consecutive, monitored, post-market follow-up evaluation of Gamma3 nails.

Methods:

From September 2009 to January 2012, 154 consecutive patients with an average age of 80 ± 1.43 years (50-99 years) and a trochanteric femoral fracture were included in the local arm of the trial. All patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were treated with a Gamma3 nail. Preoperative variables included age, gender, fracture classification, walking ability (Merle d’Aubigné score), daily activity level (retrospective Zuckerman score), ASA rating of operative risk, waiting time for operation, use of walker or crutches and body mass index (BMI). Skin-to-skin time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, intraoperative complications and device information were recorded for each patient. Follow-up postoperative assessment was undertaken at 4, 12 and 24 months. Hip range of motion, pain around the hip and the tight, walking ability (Merle d’Aubigné score, Sahlgrenska mobility score) and management of daily life (Zuckerman score) were used to evaluate the outcome.

Results:

The descriptive data of age, gender, BMI, ASA classification, fracture type and skin-to-skin time is similar to other studies. Median fluoroscopy time was 62 seconds (range: 4-225 seconds) and significantly shorter in closed reductions. No intraoperative implant-related complication was recorded. A cut-out of the leg-screw during assessment period occurred in 2.6% patients (n = 4). At the 12-month assessment two (1.8%) non-unions were identified and two patients (1.8%) had broken the femoral shaft below the 180 mm nail after a fall. Analysis of the scores showed significantly declined mobility and activity in daily life four months after operation which increased significantly from four to 12 months and increased slightly between 12 and 24 months after fracture.

Conclusion:

A low implant-associated complication rate was achieved in geriatric patients with trochanteric femoral fractures using the Gamma3 nail. A better outcome concerning mobility, activity in daily life and complications compared to the Gamma2 nail could not be found in comparison to historic data.
Total Phosphorus Input to the Cache la Poudre River in Northern Colorado
Authors: Son Ji‐Hee , Goodwin Stephen , Carlson Kenneth
Published: January 2015

The objectives of this study were to monitor total phosphorus concentrations and loads along the Cache la Poudre River in Northern Colorado as it flows from a pristine area through urban regions and, finally, through mixed land uses. The study attempted to evaluate the sources and influences of total phosphorus under different hydrologic conditions. Nine sampling events were completed from April 2010 to May 2011 to assess the influence of various hydrologic conditions on aqueous and riverbed sediment total phosphorus concentrations. Total phosphorus concentrations and loads exceeded the in‐stream limits proposed by the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment in all observed hydrologic conditions, and nonpoint sources were significant in high‐flow conditions. Reducing nutrients only at water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) could not achieve the in‐stream limits without substantial reduction of non‐point‐source loads. The study exposed a need for flexibility in WRRF discharge limits based on the overall total phosphorus load in the river from other sources.
Lower triassic (Olenekian) microfauna from Jadar block (Gucevo mt., Nw serbia)
Authors: Sudar Milan , Chen Yanlong , Kolar-Jurkovsek Tea , Jurkovsek Bogdan , Jovanovic Divna , Forel Marie-Beatrice
Published: January 2015

Systematic study of microfossil associations on the Krivi Potok section
(Gucevo Mt. area, NW Serbia) has been carried out to document and to refine
the Lower Triassic stratigraphic correlations within Alpine-Mediterranean
domain. Field investigation and laboratory process have enabled the
identification of lowermost Olenekian (lower Smithian) conodonts, ostracodes
and pyrite framboids. Two conodont zones are established in this region, in
ascending order they are: Pachycladina obliqua-Foliella gardenae Assemblage
Zone and Neospathodus planus Zone. A new ostracode species Paracypris ?
krivipotokensis FOREL n. sp. has been described, it co-occurs with conodont
Neospathodus planus within the Zone of the same name. The pyrite framboids
were formed within the ostracode carapaces after their death. The size
distribution of pyrite framboids supports the former suggestion that large
size (>6 ?m in diameter) is not suitable for the reconstruction of seawater
redox conditions.
Original meaning of the notion and term “formation” in geology
Authors: Grubic Aleksandar
Published: January 2015

The notion of (geological) formation has gradually developed through mostly
German terms: from ein Gebirge, which was used by Saxon miners for several
centuries (AGRICOLA), then Schichten, Bergart (LEHMANN) and serie montana
(FUCHSEL) to Gebirgsart (WERNER). The term ?formation? was introduced by
WERNER in 1791 and its meaning was clearly defined around 1800. He included
the notion of ?formation? into his system of ?geognostic structures?:
mineral; rock (layer); formation; Earth?s crust. Therefore, it was an
equivocal term from the start. It implied a geological body of certain
composition, genesis and superposition (i.e. time of origination). After
Werner, the term ?formation? was used in different ways, mostly as a synonym
for a ?system?, until 1881 when such use was forbidden. The original
Wernerian sense of the term ?formation? (as a unit in geological levels of
organisation: mineral-rock-formation-geosphere-planet) with an intentionally
equivocal meaning was not restored until the second half of the twentieth
century.
Assessment of the discharge regime and water budget of Belo Vrelo (source of the Tolisnica River, central Serbia)
Authors: Cokorilo-Ilic Marina , Ristic-Vakanjac Vesna , Oudech Sibela , Vakanjac Boris , Polomcic Dusan , Bajic Dragoljub
Published: January 2015

A sufficiently long spring discharge regime monitoring data set allows for a
large number of analyses, to better understand the process of transformation
of precipitation into a discharge hydrograph. It is also possible to
determine dynamic groundwater volumes in a karst spring catchment area, the
water budget equation parameters and the like. It should be noted that a
sufficiently long data set is deemed to be a continuous spring discharge
time series of more than 30 years. Such time series are rare in Serbia. They
are generally much shorter (less than 15 years), and the respective
catchment areas therefore fall into the ?ungauged? category. In order to
extend existing karst spring discharge time series, we developed a model
whose outputs, apart from mean monthly spring discharges, include daily real
evapotranspiration rates, catchment size and dynamic volume variation during
the analytical period. So far the model has solely been used to assess the
discharge regime and water budget of karst springs. The present paper aims
to demonstrate that the model also yields good results in the case of
springs that drain aquifers developed in marbles. Belo Vrelo (?White
Spring?, source of the Tolisnica River), which drains marbles and marbleized
limestones and dolomites of Cemerno Mountain, was selected for the present
case study.
Oseen's correction to stokes drag on axially symmetric arbitrary particle in transverse flow: A new approach
Authors: Srivastava Deepak , Srivastava Nirmal
Published: January 2015

In this paper, Oseen?s correction to Stokes drag experienced by axially
symmetric particle placed in a uniform stream perpendicular to axis of
symmetry(i.e. transverse flow) is obtained. For this, the linear relationship
between axial and transverse Stokes drag is utilized to extend the Brenner?s
formula for axial flow to transverse flow. General expression of Oseen?s
correction to Stokes drag on axially symmetric particle placed in transverse
flow is found to be new. This general expression is applied to some known
axially symmetric bodies and obtained values of Oseen?s drag, up to first
order terms in Reynolds number ?R?, are also claimed to be new and never
exist in the literature. Numerical values of Oseen drag are also evaluated
and their variations with respect to Reynolds number, eccentricity and
deformation parameter are depicted in figures and compared with some known
values. Some important applications are also highlighted.
Viscoelastic response of anisotropic biological membranes. Part II: Constitutive models
Authors: Lubarda Vlado , Asaro Robert
Published: January 2015

In Part I of this series [7] we described the structure of the biopolymer
interlayers found in the shell of the mollusk Haliotis rufescens (the red
abalone). There we described how the layers can be viewed as a viscoelastic
composite reinforced by a network of chitin fibrils arranged in an often
nearly unidirectional architecture. Mechanical testing documented the
response to tensile testing of layers removed via demineralization. Herein in
Part II we describe a general viscoelastic constitutive model for such layers
that may be both transversely isotropic or orthotropic as would follow from
the network of nearly aligned chitin fibrils described by Bezares et al. in
Part I [7]. Part III of this series will be concerned with applying the
models to more fully describing the response of these types of biological
membranes to mechanical loading.
Holy gardener and holy bishop: The images and cult of holy martyrs named Phokas
Authors: Starodubcev Tatjana
Published: January 2015

Holy martyrs by the name of Phokas, a gardener and a bishop, both from
Sinope, were not frequently portrayed in the Eastern Christian world. They
were sometimes depicted with objects relating them to seafaring, and the holy
bishop in particular was shown holding a paddle. The source of such images
can be traced to the writings devoted to the martyrs. The issue of why the
holy bishop was depicted mainly in the Byzantine empire and the Russian
principality is also discussed.
Colourful sparkles of imaginary vistas: Saintly beauty in the eyes of the beholder
Authors: Dimitrova Elizabeta
Published: January 2015

The article deals with the issue of physical appearance of the saintly images
in Byzantine painting and the manners of its conception. In that regard, the
paper offers categorization of the portraiture in which different saints
receive distinctive aesthetic code appropriate to their type of
?attractiveness?.
Shear Bond Strength of Porcelain Veneers Rebonded to Enamel
Authors: St Germain HA , St Germain TH
Published: January 2015

In this laboratory research, shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure of veneers rebonded to enamel in shear compression were determined. Three groups (A, B, and C; n=10 each) of mounted molar teeth were finished flat using wet 600-grit silicon carbide paper, and 30 leucite-reinforced porcelain veneers (5.0 × 0.75 mm) were air abraded on the internal surface with 50 μm aluminum oxide, etched with 9.5% hydrofluoric acid, and silanated. The control group (A) veneer specimens were bonded to enamel after etching with 37% phosphoric acid using bonding resin and a dual cure resin composite cement. Groups B and C were prepared similarly to group A with the exception that a release agent was placed before the veneer was positioned on the prepared enamel surface and the resin cement was subsequently light activated. The debonded veneers from groups B and C were placed in a casting burnout oven and heated to 454°C/850°F for 10 minutes to completely carbonize the resin cement and stay below the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the leucite-reinforced porcelain. The recovered veneers were then prepared for bonding. The previously bonded enamel surfaces in group B were air abraded using 50 μm aluminum oxide followed by 37% phosphoric acid etching, while group C enamel specimens were acid etched only. All specimens were thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C for 2000 cycles using a 30-second dwell time and stored in 37°C deionized water for 2 weeks. SBS was determined at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. SBS results in MPa for the groups were (A) = 20.6±5.1, (B) = 18.1±5.5, and (C) = 17.2±6.1. One-way analysis of variance indicated that there were no significant interactions (α=0.05), and Tukey-Kramer post hoc comparisons (α=0.05) detected no significant pairwise differences. An adhesive mode of failure at the enamel interface was observed to occur more often in the experimental groups (B = 40%, C = 50%). Rebonding the veneers produced SBS values that were not significantly different from the control group. Also, no significant difference in SBS values were observed whether the debonded enamel surface was air abraded and acid etched or acid etched only.
Extensive Placental Choriovascular Infiltration by Maturing Myeloid Cells in down Syndrome-Associated Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis
Authors: Ravishankar Sanjita , Hoffman Laurie , Lertsburapa Terakeith , Welch Jennifer , Treaba Diana , De Paepe Monique E.
Published: January 2015

Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM), a clonal proliferation of predominantly megakaryocytic precursor cells, affects 4%–10% of newborns with Down syndrome. Approximately 20%–30% of TAM survivors are at risk of development of acute myeloid leukemia (myeloid leukemia associated with Down syndrome, ML-DS). We report unusual placental findings in a female infant with trisomy 21 born at 38 weeks of gestation. In line with previous descriptions of placental pathology in infants with TAM, abundant blast-like cells were present in the lumen of chorionic and stem villous vessels. In addition, there was multifocal extensive infiltration of the wall of chorionic vessels by maturing myeloid cells in a pattern reminiscent of TAM- or leukemia-associated systemic infiltration. The clinical significance of this unusual choriovascular involvement of the placenta in TAM is undetermined.
Diagnostic quality of percutaneous fine-needle aspirates and laparoscopic biopsy specimens of the liver in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Proença Laila M. , Camus Melinda , Nemeth Nicole , Sharma Ajay , Stelmach Dainna , Mayer Jörg , Divers Stephen J.
Published: January 2015

Objective—To evaluate diagnostic quality of liver percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates and laparoscopic biopsy specimens of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Design—Prospective descriptive study.

Animals—7 healthy adult rabbits.

Procedures—3 to 5 liver fine-needle aspirates were obtained with a 22-gauge needle under ultrasound guidance in anesthetized rabbits. Liver biopsy specimens were also obtained with 1.7-mm (n = 2) or 3.0-mm (1) biopsy forceps by direct laparoscopic observation. Fine-needle aspirates were cytologically evaluated on a scale from 0 (suboptimal specimen) to 3 (optimal specimen) for cellularity, cell distribution, cell preservation, cell morphology, and blood contamination. Biopsy specimens were histologically evaluated on a scale from 0 (optimal specimen) to 5 (suboptimal specimen) for artifactual changes; numbers of portal triads and central veins were quantified.

Results—Aspirates were moderately to highly cellular (mean, 2.54) with good cell distribution (mean, 2.56), good cell preservation (mean, 2.20), and moderate blood contamination (mean, 1.04). The 1.7-mm biopsy specimens had a mean score of 1.3 for artifactual changes and contained a mean of 0.6 portal triads and 1.6 central veins/biopsy specimen. The 3.0-mm liver biopsy specimens had a mean score of 2.7 for artifactual changes, with a mean of 4.0 portal triads and 4.14 central veins/biopsy specimen. All but one 3.0-mm liver biopsy specimen had ≥ 1 portal triad suitable for histologic evaluation, and all had ≥ 1 central vein; in contrast, only half of the 1.7-mm liver biopsy specimens had a discernible portal triad or central vein.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—For histologic evaluation, advantages of obtaining 3.0-mm liver biopsy specimens, compared with 1.7-mm liver biopsy specimens or fine-needle aspirates, should be considered in rabbits with suspected liver disease.
Resource-Independent Negative Effects of Foreign Language on Analogical Problem Solving
Authors: Wakebe Toshihiro , Hidaka Sho , Watamura Eiichiro
Published: January 2015

It has been shown that analogical problem solving is more difficult when a target problem is written in a foreign language than in one's native language. Possible resource-independence of this negative effect of a foreign language was investigated. After reading an analog or a filler story, participants solved a target problem written in their native or a foreign language. Those who read the problem in their native language performed a concurrent task to reduce their available processing resources. Nevertheless, they were better able to solve it than those who read the problem in a foreign language after reading the analog. This indicates that reading the problem in a foreign language decreases analogical problem-solving ability in a resource-independent manner.
Ruling or Ruled: the Future of Poland in a New Type of European Empire
Authors: Kushnir Ostap
Published: January 2015

The article addresses current trends in the European transformation and compares the structure which is being built to ancient and medieval empires. The imperial order appears to be productive for the EU, due to it easily embraces the heterogeneity existing within the Union, as well as contributes to the strengthening of the EU institutional legitimacy and efficiency in global governance. The ongoing EU transformations, promoted by the German-French lobby and supported by the authorities in Brus-sels, are indirectly leading to the emergence of an imperial structure, which is secured by a soft power. instead of a rule of sword. Taking all this into account, an attempt is made to define the role of Poland: the largest post-2004 enlargement state, in the new structure. To make this attempt sufficient a brief analysis of current Polish foreign policy and economic growth is provided.
Dilemas del liderazgo contemporáneo
Authors: Kasińska-Metryka Agnieszka
Published: January 2015

El presente trabajo analiza la problematiea del fenomeno del liderazgo refinéndose tanto a la teoria eomo a los ejemplos de la escena politica polaca. La autora se hace preguntas cientificas vinculadas eon la relación entre la politiea y la autondad.
Парламентські вибори в Україні: їх позитиви та проблеми
Authors: Макар Юрій
Published: January 2015

Спираючись на власний досвід і багаторічні спостереження, автор виклав свою особисту точку зору на виборчий процес будь-якого рівня в Україні, незалежно від того – чи вибори парламентські, чи президентські, чи до місцевих органів влади. Вибори до Верховної Ради 28 жовтня 2012 року не були виключенням. Вони повторили процес усіх попередніх. А підведення їх підсумків розкрило повністю картину не лише промахів, але й масових зловживань, що наносять великої шкоди як всередині держави, так і її позиціям на міжнародній арені.
Effect of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) on feeding indices and energy reserves of the cotton boll worm Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Baghban Adel , Sendi Jalal Jalali , Zibaee Arash , Khosravi Roya
Published: January 2015

Third-instar larvae of Helicoverpa armigera Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg concentrations
of cadmium (Cd). The third-instar larvae were also exposed to 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg concentration of copper (Cu), and 25,
50, and 100 mg/kg concentrations of zinc (Zn). The heavy metal concentrations were each introduced separately into the artificial diet
of the third-instar larvae. The third-instar larvae were 24 h old at the start of the treatment. The larvae were maintained in controlled
conditions (26±1°C, 65±10% RH and 16L : 8D h) for 7 days. The feeding indices and the level of total protein, glycogen, cholesterol, and
triglyceride were measured after the treatments. The results showed that high concentrations of Cd significantly increased approximate
digestibility (AD). The relative growth rate (RGR) was significantly enhanced with a 25 mg/kg concentration of Cu. Efficiency of
conversion of the ingested food (ECI%) increased significantly with lower concentrations of copper (25 and 50 mg/kg). The amount of
cholesterol was also enhanced with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg concentrations of cadmium while the amount of triglyceride was significantly
reduced in all Cd treatments. Glycogen, protein, and cholesterol were significantly enhanced in all Cu treatments. The amount of
triglycerides at 25 and 50 mg/kg of Cu was significantly increased. Glycogen in all Zn treatments was significantly increased. Protein
and cholesterol levels showed significant reduction with a 25 and 50 mg/kg concentration of zinc while triglyceride was enhanced
with a 50 mg/kg concentration of Zn. It is clear from the present results that the presence of such heavy metals in the environment has
an intense impact on H. armigera as far as food consumption and biochemical indices are concerned. Therefore, a need is shown for
a more comprehensive study on the life table and immunology of this insect, under the presence of heavy metals.
“The Many Languages of the Avant-Garde”: In conversation with Grzegorz Bral of Teatr Pieśń Kozła (Song of the Goat Theatre)
Authors: Sakowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2015

How to theorise and review avant-garde Shakespeare? Which theoretical paradigms should be applied when Shakespearean productions are multicultural and yet come from a specific locale? These and other many questions interrogating the language of performance in global avant-garde Shakespeare productions are put forward to Grzegorz Bral, the director of the Song of the Goat ensemble in the context of their evolving performance of Macbeth (2006/2008) and their Songs of Lear (2012).
Looking Back at the Audience: The RSC & The Wooster Group’s "Troilus and Cressida" (2012)
Authors: Mancewicz Aneta
Published: January 2015

The controversy around the RSC & The Wooster Group’s Troilus and Cressida (Stratford-upon-Avon 2012) among the spectators and critics in Britain revealed significant differences between the UK and the US patterns of staging, spectating, and reviewing Shakespeare. The production has also exposed the gap between mainstream and avant-garde performance practices in terms of artists’ assumptions and audiences’ expectations. Reviews and blog entries written by scholars, critics, practitioners, and anonymous theatre goers were particularly disapproving of The Wooster Group’s experimentation with language, non-psychological acting, the appropriation of Native American customs, and the overall approach to the play and the very process of stage production. These points of criticism have suggested a clear perception of a successful Shakespeare production in the mainstream British theatre: a staging that approaches the text as an autonomous universe guided by realistic rules, psychological principles, and immediate political concerns. If we assume, however, that Troilus and Cressida as a play relies on the dramaturgy of cultural differences and that it consciously reflects on the notion of spectatorship, the production’s transgression of mainstream patterns of staging and spectating brings it surprisingly close to the Shakespearean source.
Interface Capacity of Repaired Concrete Columns Strengthened with RC Jackets
Authors: Achillopoulou Dimitra , Pardalakis Theodoros , Karabinis Athanasios
Published: January 2015

The study describes the retrofit of repaired elements by reinforced concrete (RC) jacketing conducted to quantify the influence of initial construction deficiencies and of different type of anchors to the ability of the interface to transfer loads. Sixteen specimens (section scale 1:2) were designed with variables the initial deficiencies and the confinement ratio. The results indicate that: a) the maximum resistance load and dissipated energy of initially damaged specimens are decreased; b) surpassing a specific amount of damage, columns even suitably repaired present lower strain capacity, c) welded bars lead to buckling of longitudinal bars.
Target Reliability Levels in Present Standards
Authors: Holický Milan , Marková Jana , Sýkora Miroslav
Published: January 2015

The target reliability levels recommended in national and international documents vary within a broad range, while the reference to relevant costs and failure consequences is mentioned only very vaguely. In some documents the target reliability index is indicated for one or two reference periods (1 year, 50 years or life-time) without providing appropriate links to the design working life. This contribution attempts to clarify the relationship between the target reliability levels, costs of safety measures, failure consequences, reference periods and the design working life
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Steel Joints in Round Wood
Authors: Mikolášek David , Lokaj Antonín , Brožovský Jiří , Sucharda Oldřich
Published: January 2015

The paper analyses a drawn steel joint in round logs for which several types of reinforcements have been proposed. The load-carrying capacity of the reinforcements have been tested in laboratories. At the same time, numerical modelling has been performed - it has focused, in particular, on rigidity of the joints during the loading process. Physical and geometrical nonlinearities have been taken into account. The Finite Element Method and 3D computation models have been used in the numerical calculations.
Osteosarcoma: an immunophenotypic study for characterization and behavior
Authors: Mandal Palash Kumar , Chatterjee Souvik , Ray Sumit , Roy Shravasti , Chandra Sujal , Basu Nandita , Biswas Suvra Kusum
Published: January 2015

Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor occurring in second and third decades of life with a second peak later. Biopsy (needle or incision) is necessary for diagnosis along with imaging modalities (X-ray, CT scan etc) and serology. Due to diagnostic dilemma in certain cases and for prognosis of patients, immunohistochemistry is increasingly used. Aims: To assess the pathologic features and determinants of osteosarcoma in patients of the Indian subcontinent that would put an insight into its appearance and behavior. Methods and Material: Forty cases of biopsy proven osteosarcoma were selected over a period of three years. Histopathology was done for tumor typing, along with serology (pre and post-operative serum alkaline phosphatase). In all cases TNM staging and immunohistochemistry for antibodies to Osteonectin (ON) (diagnosis), S100 (differentiation), Ki 67 and Her2 (prognosis) was done. Results: Serum alkaline phosphatase was high in 37 (92%) cases initially and remained high in metastatic and recurrent lesions. Osteonectin was positive in 38 (95%) cases, S100 in 31 (77%), Ki 67 showed overlapping labeling indices between 4.8-18.8% and Her2 showed more positivity in higher stage tumors. Conclusions: Biopsy (along with imaging) is mandatory to diagnose osteosarcoma. Osteonectin is a good immunohistochemical marker to differentiate osteosarcoma from its mimics. For prognostication, serum alkaline phosphatase, post chemotherapy tumor necrosis (more than 90%), lack of Her2 expression are good parameters. S100 and Ki67 were found to have limited role in diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i4.13573 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.13(4) 2014 p.443-448
Dynamic Mathematical Modelling of the Removal of Hydrophilic VOCs by Biotrickling Filters
Authors: San-Valero Pau , Penya-roja Josep , Alvarez-Hornos F. Javier , Marzal Paula , Gabaldón Carmen
Published: January 2015

A mathematical model for the simulation of the removal of hydrophilic compounds using biotrickling filtration was developed. The model takes into account that biotrickling filters operate by using an intermittent spraying pattern. During spraying periods, a mobile liquid phase was considered, while during non-spraying periods, a stagnant liquid phase was considered. The model was calibrated and validated with data from laboratory- and industrial-scale biotrickling filters. The laboratory experiments exhibited peaks of pollutants in the outlet of the biotrickling filter during spraying periods, while during non-spraying periods, near complete removal of the pollutant was achieved. The gaseous outlet emissions in the industrial biotrickling filter showed a buffered pattern; no peaks associated with spraying or with instantaneous variations of the flow rate or inlet emissions were observed. The model, which includes the prediction of the dissolved carbon in the water tank, has been proven as a very useful tool in identifying the governing processes of biotrickling filtration.
Dietary Strategies for the Treatment of Cadmium and Lead Toxicity
Authors: Zhai Qixiao , Narbad Arjan , Chen Wei
Published: January 2015

Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) are toxic heavy metals that cause adverse health effects in humans and animals. Chelation therapy, the conventional treatment for heavy metal toxicity, is reported to have a number of safety and efficacy issues. Recent studies have shown that dietary supplements play important roles in protecting against Cd and Pb toxicity. This paper reviews the evidence for protective effects of essential metals, vitamins, edible plants, phytochemicals, probiotics and other dietary supplements against Cd and Pb toxicity and describes the proposed possible mechanisms. Based on these findings, dietary strategies are recommended for people at risk of Cd and Pb exposure. The application of these strategies is advantageous for both the prevention and alleviation of Cd and Pb toxicity, as such supplements can be added easily and affordably to the daily diet and are expected to have very few side effects compared to the chelation therapy.
Use of Radarsat-2 and Landsat TM Images for Spatial Parameterization of Manning’s Roughness Coefficient in Hydraulic Modeling
Authors: Mtamba Joseph , Van der Velde Rogier , Ndomba Preksedis , Zoltán Vekerdy , Mtalo Felix
Published: January 2015

Vegetation resistance influences water flow in floodplains. Characterization of vegetation for hydraulic modeling includes the description of the spatial variability of vegetation type, height and density. In this research, we explored the use of dual polarized Radarsat-2 wide swath mode backscatter coefficients (σ°) and Landsat 5 TM to derive spatial hydraulic roughness. The spatial roughness parameterization included four steps: (i) land use classification from Landsat 5 TM; (ii) establishing a relationship between σ° statistics and vegetation parameters; (iii) relative surface roughness (Ks) determination from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter temporal variability; (iv) derivation of the spatial distribution of the spatial hydraulic roughness both from Manning’s roughness coefficient look up table (LUT) and relative surface roughness. Hydraulic simulations were performed using the FLO-2D hydrodynamic model to evaluate model performance under three different hydraulic modeling simulations results with different Manning’s coefficient parameterizations, which includes SWL1, SWL2 and SWL3. SWL1 is simulated water levels with optimum floodplain roughness (np) with channel roughness nc = 0.03 m−1/3/s; SWL2 is simulated water levels with calibrated values for both floodplain roughness np = 0.65 m−1/3/s and channel roughness nc = 0.021 m−1/3/s; and SWL3 is simulated water levels with calibrated channel roughness nc and spatial Manning’s coefficients as derived with aid of relative surface roughness. The model performance was evaluated using Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (E) and coefficient of determination (R2), based on water levels measured at a gauging station in the wetland. The overall performance of scenario SWL1 was characterized with E = 0.75 and R2 = 0.95, which was improved in SWL2 to E = 0.95 and R2 = 0.99. When spatially distributed Manning values derived from SAR relative surface values were parameterized in the model, the model also performed well and yielding E = 0.97 and R2 = 0.98. Improved model performance using spatial roughness shows that spatial roughness parameterization can support flood modeling and provide better flood wave simulation over the inundated riparian areas equally as calibrated models.
Seasonal Land Cover Dynamics in Beijing Derived from Landsat 8 Data Using a Spatio-Temporal Contextual Approach
Authors: Wang Jie , Li Congcong , Hu Luanyun , Zhao Yuanyuan , Huang Huabing , Gong Peng
Published: January 2015

Seasonal dynamic land cover maps could provide useful information to ecosystem, water-resource and climate modelers. However, they are rarely mapped more frequent than annually. Here, we propose an approach to map dynamic land cover types with frequently available satellite data. Landsat 8 data acquired from nine dates over Beijing within a one-year period were used to map seasonal land cover dynamics. A two-step procedure was performed for training sample collection to get better results. Sample sets were interpreted for each acquisition date of Landsat 8 image. We used the random forest classifier to realize the mapping. Nine sets of experiments were designed to incorporate different input features and use of spatial temporal information into the dynamic land cover classification. Land cover maps obtained with single-date data in the optical spectral region were used as benchmarks. Texture, NDVI and thermal infrared bands were added as new features for improvements. A Markov random field (MRF) model was applied to maintain the spatio-temporal consistency. Classifications with all features from all images were performed, and an MRF model was also applied to the results estimated with all features. The best overall accuracies achieved for each date ranged from 75.31% to 85.61%.
Structure Optimization of a Grain Impact Piezoelectric Sensor and Its Application for Monitoring Separation Losses on Tangential-Axial Combine Harvesters
Authors: Liang Zhenwei , Li Yaoming , Zhao Zhan , Xu Lizhang
Published: January 2015

Grain separation losses is a key parameter to weigh the performance of combine harvesters, and also a dominant factor for automatically adjusting their major working parameters. The traditional separation losses monitoring method mainly rely on manual efforts, which require a high labor intensity. With recent advancements in sensor technology, electronics and computational processing power, this paper presents an indirect method for monitoring grain separation losses in tangential-axial combine harvesters in real-time. Firstly, we developed a mathematical monitoring model based on detailed comparative data analysis of different feeding quantities. Then, we developed a grain impact piezoelectric sensor utilizing a YT-5 piezoelectric ceramic as the sensing element, and a signal process circuit designed according to differences in voltage amplitude and rise time of collision signals. To improve the sensor performance, theoretical analysis was performed from a structural vibration point of view, and the optimal sensor structural has been selected. Grain collide experiments have shown that the sensor performance was greatly improved. Finally, we installed the sensor on a tangential-longitudinal axial combine harvester, and grain separation losses monitoring experiments were carried out in North China, which results have shown that the monitoring method was feasible, and the biggest measurement relative error was 4.63% when harvesting rice.
An Efficient Distributed Algorithm for Constructing Spanning Trees in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Lachowski Rosana , Pellenz Marcelo , Penna Manoel , Jamhour Edgard , Souza Richard
Published: January 2015

Monitoring and data collection are the two main functions in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Collected data are generally transmitted via multihop communication to a special node, called the sink. While in a typical WSN, nodes have a sink node as the final destination for the data traffic, in an ad hoc network, nodes need to communicate with each other. For this reason, routing protocols for ad hoc networks are inefficient for WSNs. Trees, on the other hand, are classic routing structures explicitly or implicitly used in WSNs. In this work, we implement and evaluate distributed algorithms for constructing routing trees in WSNs described in the literature. After identifying the drawbacks and advantages of these algorithms, we propose a new algorithm for constructing spanning trees in WSNs. The performance of the proposed algorithm and the quality of the constructed tree were evaluated in different network scenarios. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is a more efficient solution. Furthermore, the algorithm provides multiple routes to the sensor nodes to be used as mechanisms for fault tolerance and load balancing.
Improving the Lateral Resolution of Quartz Tuning Fork-Based Sensors in Liquid by Integrating Commercial AFM Tips into the Fiber End
Authors: Gonzalez Laura , Martínez-Martín David , Otero Jorge , De Pablo Pedro , Puig-Vidal Manel , Gómez-Herrero Julio
Published: January 2015

The use of quartz tuning fork sensors as probes for scanning probe microscopy is growing in popularity. Working in shear mode, some methods achieve a lateral resolution comparable with that obtained with standard cantilevered probes, but only in experiments conducted in air or vacuum. Here, we report a method to produce and use commercial AFM tips in electrically driven quartz tuning fork sensors operating in shear mode in a liquid environment. The process is based on attaching a standard AFM tip to the end of a fiber probe which has previously been sharpened. Only the end of the probe is immersed in the buffer solution during imaging. The lateral resolution achieved is about 6 times higher than that of the etched microfiber on its own.