bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Humanity of the Enemy of Humanity
Authors: Luban David
Published: February 2019

On the Humanity of the Enemy of Humanity: A Response to My Critics

Antony Duff, Marc de Wilde, Louis Sicking, and Sofia Stok offer several criticisms of my “The Enemy of All Humanity,” but central to all of them is concern that labeling people hostis generis humani dehumanizes them, and invites murder or extrajudicial execution. In response I distinguish political, legal, and theoretical uses of the ancient label. I agree with the critics that the political use is toxic and the legal use is dispensable. However, the theoretical concept is crucial in international criminal law, which rests on the assumptions that the moral heinousness of core crimes makes them the business of all humanity. Furthermore, far from dehumanizing their perpetrators, calling them to account before the law recognizes that they are no different from the rest of humanity. This response also offers rejoinders to more specific objections raised by the critics.
Hydrogeochemical implications from Ider River in northern Mongolia
Authors: Orkhonselenge Alexander , Nyamjantsan Amgalan-Erdene
Published: February 2019

This study presents the hydrogeochemical implications resulted from Ider River, one of headwaters of Selenge River in northern Mongolia which is a main headwater of Lake Baikal in southeastern Russia, being included in a drainage basin of the North Arctic Ocean. Surface water and groundwater were collected and estimated with hydrogeochemical analyses of major ionic compositions in order to determine water quality in the catchment of Ider River in northern Mongolia. Result shows that the downstream of Ider River is more polluted than upstream of Ider River and Khunjil River, an inflow of the Ider River. Surface water of Ider River and groundwater in the catchment of the Ider River are comparable with their anions and cations. Ider River is highly enriched with an anion of Cl- in 2-3 times, cations of Na++K+ in 2-3 times and NH4+ in 0.5-1.0 times than those in groundwater in the catchment of Ider River. The hydrogeochemical results show that the surface water of Ider River is mainly polluted by solid wastes along its valley. More investigations with detail geochemical analyses are needed from the large rivers comprising surface water resource in Mongolia to review the hydrological evolution in Mongolia and Central Asia in the late Holocene.
Prepress Potentialets Politik
Authors: Mikkelsen Henrik Hvenegaard
Published: February 2019

Denne artikel er baseret på et etnografisk studie blandt ældre borgere og sundhedspersonale på Møn og Sydsjælland. I de seneste år er social isolation og ensomhed blandt ældre blevet et kerneområde inden for diskussionen af folkesundhed i Danmark. Med udgangspunkt i denne observation, undersøger jeg, hvorfor netop ensomhed er blevet et centralt fokusområde for de danske sundhedsmyndigheder. Spørgsmålet er, hvordan ensomhed bliver opfattet i en tid, hvor ældres sundhed er genstand for stadig større opmærksomhed. Jeg knytter indsatserne over for ensomhed til en mere generel ’potentialets politik’, dvs. en fremherskende fortælling om sundhed i Danmark, som siger, at vi alle har potentialet for—samt en forpligtigelse til—ikke blot at opretholde vores sundhed, men også at engagere os socialt livet igennem.
Prepress Sund aldring og forebyggende medicin
Authors: Wadmann Sarah
Published: February 2019

Forebyggende medicinering for at reducere risikoen for hjertekarsygdom er for mange ældre danskere blevet en integreret del af hverdagen. Med udgangspunkt i udviklinger omkring blodtrykssænkende medicin fra 1950 og frem undersøger denne artikel, hvilke videnskabelige, økonomiske og politiske forandringer der har bidraget til at gøre forebyggende medicinering til en del af vores aldring, som langt hen af vejen tages for givet. Analysen trækker på medicinsk historiske og samfundsvidenskabelige publikationer, offentligt tilgængelige rapporter og statistik samt interviews med danske blodtryksforskere og ledere i lægemiddelvirksomheder. Analysen demonstrerer, hvordan ændringer i forståelsen af fænomenet blodtryksforhøjelse blandt medicinske forskere spillede sammen med ændringer i lægemiddelmarkedet, som yderligere blev hjulpet på vej af velfærdsstatslig regulering i kølvandet på 2. verdenskrig. Samlet peger analysen på, at det er forsimplet at forstå den stigende udbredelse af forebyggende medicin enten som videnskabens triumf eller ’medikalisering’ af alderdommen drevet frem af kapitalinteresser. Derimod er det væsentligt at forstå hvilke mulighedsrum, der skabes i samspillet mellem markedskræfter, forskningsambitioner og offentlig regulering, og hvordan det udnyttes af forskellige aktører i et felt.
Erratum: Effectiveness of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Schizophrenia: A Literature Review and Bayesian Meta-Analysis Informing Economic Considerations
Authors: Listed] [No authors
Published: February 2019

There was an error in the relapse rate reduction reported in Figure 2 in this article by Zaniolo et al. [Farmeconomia. Health economics and therapeutic pathways 2019; 20: 13-24; https://doi.org/10.7175/fe.v20i1.1393]. The online version has been corrected on 13 February 2019.
Why should we be interested in research?
Authors: De Souza Beryl
Published: February 2019

No abstract
What role should fathers play in childbirth and pregnancy?
Authors: Greaves Caitlin
Published: February 2019

No abstract
Synthesis, spectral characterization and antimicrobial activity of some M(II) complexes with Ciprofloxacin
Authors: Horozić Emir , Cipurković Amira , Ademović Zahida , Bjelošević Demir , Zukić Amila , Kolarević Lamija , Husejnagić Darja , Hodžić Snježana
Published: February 2019

Ciprofloxacin, CFL is a drug that belongs to the second generation of fluoroquinolone antibiotics with a wide range of effects on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction of CFL as ligand with divalent biological cations (Mn2+, Ni2+ and Co2+) in approximate physiological conditions. Synthesized complexes were characterized using FTIR and stereo-microscopy. Antimicrobial screening was performed on bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed that the M(II) complexes with CFL were formed through the oxygen donors of the carboxyl and carbonyl group of the ligand. Stereo-microscopic characterization revealed the difference in color and size of crystals of the ligand and metal complexes. Antimicrobial screening has shown that CFL and complexes have almost similar antimicrobial activity against investigated bacterial strains.
Review of electrospray observations and theory
Authors: Bošković Stefan , Bugarski Branko
Published: February 2019

While a liquid is dripping out of a capillary tube, there is a possibility to affect the characteristics of the exiting flow in certain ways. One of the ways already used is by introducing an electric field that can be used to change the average droplet diameter and the droplet size distribution. This process is called electrospraying, while the theory behind it is sometimes called electrohydrodynamics (EHD). This phenomenon has been investigated for more than a hundred years both empirically and theoretically. In this paper, a review of the available literature and the empirical and theoretical findings is presented. A new classification of the electrospray modes had to be given to include all the different modes mentioned by different authors. The necessary pieces of the equipment and their different types are also given.
GeoNode: an open source framework to build spatial data infrastructures
Authors: Corti Paolo , Bartoli Francesco , Fabiani Alessio , Giovando Cristiano , Kralidis Athanasios Tom , Tzotsos Angelos
Published: February 2019

GeoNode is an open source framework designed to build geospatial content management systems (GeoCMS) and spatial data infrastructure (SDI) nodes. Its development was initiated by the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR) in 2009 and adopted by a large number of organizations in the following years. Using an open source stack based on mature and robust frameworks and software like Django, OpenLayers, PostGIS, GeoServer and pycsw, an organization can build on top of GeoNode its SDI or geospatial open data portal. GeoNode provides a large number of user friendly capabilities, broad interoperability using Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards, and a powerful authentication/authorization mechanism. Supported by a vast, diverse and global open source community, GeoNode is an official project of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo).
ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF CETUXIMAB FOR METASTATIC COLORECTAL CANCER (mCRC): A PROTOCOL FOR EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
Authors: Putri Septiara , Setiawan Ery , Saldi Siti Rizny F , Chandra Levina , Megraini Amila , P Vetty Yulianty
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTColorectal cancer is fairly common compared to other cancers. The incidence and mortality rates are predicted to increase globally. In some cases, cancer can be potentially spread to another organ or metastatic. One of recent available targeted therapies for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patient is Cetuximab (Erbitux ®), combined with chemotherapy. Despite clinical effectiveness, there is the importance of the evidence related cost-effectiveness of therapy. This study aims to summary, synthesize, and systematically review the economic evaluation studies of Cetuximab for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Model based economic evaluation of Cetuximab for metastatic colorectal cancer will be searched and included in the review based on specific eligibility criteria. Several electronic databases that will be used: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Center for Reviews and Dissemination. Full economic evaluation evidence will be summarized and critically appraised using Drummond as well as (Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist. In terms of analysis, we will qualitatively appraise and present the studies that meet our inclusion and exclusion criteria. We are expected to summarize the quality and capture the valuable insights related to health economic evaluation studies of Cetuximab for mCRC patient. ABSTRAKKanker kolorektal cukup umum terjadi dibandingkan kanker lainnya, angka kejadian dan angka kematian diprediksi meningkat secara global. Dalam beberapa kasus, kanker berpotensi menyebar ke organ lain atau disebut metastasis. Salah satu terapi yang ditargetkan baru-baru ini untuk pasien kanker kolorektal metastatik (mCRC) adalah Cetuximab (Erbitux®), yang dikombinasikan dengan kemoterapi. Meskipun terdapat bukti klinis, penting untuk mempertimbangkan bukti terkait efektivitas biaya dari terapi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merangkum, mensintesis, dan meninjau secara sistematis studi evaluasi ekonomi Cetuximab untuk kanker kolorektal metastatik (mCRC). Evaluasi ekonomi berbasis model untuk menilai Cetuximab pada kanker kolorektal metastatik akan ditelusuri sesuai dengan kriteria yang ditetapkan. Beberapa database elektronik yang akan digunakan: Medline, Embase, Cochrane, Pusat Penelitian Kesehatan Nasional (NIHR) untuk Tinjauan dan Diseminasi. Bukti evaluasi ekonomi lengkap akan dirangkum dan dinilai secara kritis dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan oleh Drummond dan juga Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS). Dalam hal analisis, kami akan menilai dan menyajikan secara kualitatif studi yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kami berekspektasi untuk meyimpulkan kualitas dan menangkap informasi yang berkaitan dengan studi evaluasi ekonomi pada Cetuximab untuk pasien mCRC.
NASI TUMPENG, A WAY TO CONVEY THE MESSAGE THROUGH MEANINGFUL SIGNS
Authors: Lestari Nanny Sri
Published: February 2019

As a country with a very large area, the sea of Indonesia consists of 40% out of its entire territory. Historically, Indonesian staple food was based on its geographical areas, either surrounded by seas or by mountains. However, through its development, rice has currently become the number one staple food for most of Indonesian people. Furthermore, this type of staple food has been improved and processed into various edible food. The most popular one is tumpeng.Based on its form and its content, tumpeng is considered unique and exclusive. Tumpeng is basically made of cooked rice, named nasi in its origin language of Indonesia. Then, the rice is placed into a winnowing tray in order to make it conical. Side dishes, such as fishes and vegetables, can be laid down arouand the rice. The side dishes surrounding the rice make tumpeng incredibly attractive, beautiful, and neat.The aim of tumpeng is basically to celebrate momentous events, such as birthdays, vows, gratefulness, or lucid dreams. The ceremony is started with prayer, then slicing the tumpeng in order to be divided equally to all attendees. Based on these steps, Indonesian people have great sense about tumpeng. They assume that tumpeng has a unique sign which there are also stronger signs and deeper meaning within.
POETRY AS A REPRESENTATION OF TURKISH IDENTITY
Authors: Solihat Ade
Published: February 2019

Poetry is one of the most important art expression in understanding Turkish identity. The aim of this paper is to show that the growth and development of Turkish poetry is in line with the dynamic identity of the Turkish nation. The period of Turkish poetry began with the growth of oral poetry which depicted the heroic of Turkish ancestors who are migrants from the Central Asia. The period continued with the emergence and development of Islam carrying the influence of Arabic and Persian languages which embedded in Turkish poems and replaced the role of poetry from being a folklore to become the elite literature. The next period is the modern poetry which showed the alteration of reference of Turkish poetry from the East to the West. Thus, poetry reflects Turkish people’s rhythm of expression.
THE BEGINNING OF THE ROYAL DUTCH/SHELL AND STANDARD OIL COMPANY RIVALRY IN THE DUTCH INDIES 1865-1910
Authors: Setiawan Agus
Published: February 2019

This paper describes the beginning of the oil rivalry in the Dutch Indies. It begins with an overview of the political and economic relationship between the United States, The Netherlands and the Dutch Indies since the mid-19th century, namely the period when the oil industries in the United States and the Dutch Indies were still at an early stage of development. Since the independence of the United States of America, the two countries had very good relations which were evident from their various co-operations, including the Treaty of Alliance which was ratified in 1782. However, the Dutch colonial government’s policies which sought to restrict the American oil companies’ investment in the Dutch Indies caused discontent amongst the American government and American oil companies, straining their relationship with the Dutch Indies.
Nautical Culture as The Main Destiny of Indonesia Maritime State's Future
Authors: Zuhdi Susanto
Published: February 2019

In many paper and discussions, the term of "nautical" and "maritime" are always exchanged to the term of sea. but there is also another meaning of it in certain terminologies. The word of "maritime" bas another meaning instead of the sea. Additionally, the word of "nautical" has another word, that is about time dimension and tradition. This article will explain the sorting and the choosing of these two words as a means of properly using it, either conceptually or substantially. At this point, ''rmaritime'' is used for a state (maritime state), while "nautical" is related to culture (nautical culture).
TOWARDS FILM PRODUCTION FOR CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA: A DIRECTORIAL PARADIGM
Authors: Babatope Babafemi
Published: February 2019

“Change” is a sacrosanct cultural phenomenon. Its advent is expected to usher in collective reorientation and engender socio-political restructuring. Nigeria, having experienced sixteen years of People’s Democratic Party dominated democracy, naturally anticipated change. The All Progressive Congress capitalised on the change desiring environment and promised to bring about the desired change. In its attempt to facilitate socio-cultural, moral and political change in the country, government adopts “Change” as a slogan. This resulted into various rebranding projects that aim at orchestrating change of attitude and orientation. It becomes pertinent for artistes to rise up to the occasion, to champion these initiatives. Therefore this paper examines the roles that film as an art form should play in the management of this topical phenomenon. Using the Media Representative and the Auteur film theories as theoretical underpinnings, the paper examined the function of film directors in the production of films that will capture the multidimensional transformations in Nigeria during this period of change. It concluded that, for film art to be relevant in Nigeria NOW, it ought to reflect and document the socio-political environment, propagate the transformation agenda, conscientise Nigerians on the ethical and moral concerns of the ongoing change and provide feedback to the government. It is suggested at for film directors to be equal to the challenge; there is a need to avail themselves of appreciable measure of formal training in film directing.
LOCAL WISDOM IN SIRIBAN AND THE IMPACT ON THE KADAZANDUSUN SOCIETY FORMATION
Authors: Kiting Rosliah
Published: February 2019

Siriban or metaphor is one of the local wisdoms that is often used to provide education to the Kadazan community. Siriban is mostly still in the form of oral tradition and dominated by elderly people. Therefore this study was conducted to collect Siriban through fieldwork and then conducted an analysis to see local wisdom to focus on the values contained in Siriban education and impact on the formation of the younger generation of Kadazan. Analysis of the data found that Siriban have educational value of local wisdom that can provide awareness and consciousness to a person thus changing the negative attitude into a positive. As a result of this awareness and consciousness will have an impact on the formation of a generation that has humility, diplomacy, patience, tolerance, respect, courtesy, rational and wisdom. This makes Siriban suitable as teaching and learning materials because the education value is capable in realizing the goals of the National Education Philosophy to produce a generation with good character and personality as well as balanced in terms of physically and spiritually.
BETWEEN CULTURE AND POLITICS IN NIGERIA: POWER, IDENTITY AND DEMOCRATIC REFLECTIONS IN TUNDE KELANI’S FILMS
Authors: Olayiwola Abiodun
Published: February 2019

Tunde Kelani is, unarguably, one of the most dominant and resonant voices in the Nigerian film industry. His films pungently reflect an in-depth understanding of the complexities and dynamics of the diverse experiences of culture, arts and politics, religion and development issues that define Nigeria as a nation. Significantly, he is a passionate and committed artist whose works engage critical issues that espouse the African experience at the arena of politics as the continent contends with all the vestiges of slavery and colonization. Employing the contextual and critical methods of scholarly enquiry, this paper interrogates the issues of politics, power-play and ideo-social identity in contemporary Nigeria through a close viewing/reading of Tunde Kelani’s Saworo Ide, Agogo Eewo and Arugba. These films are investigated as direct and explicit portraitures of the Nigerian experience in the 20thCentury and beyond. Using Yoruba sub-group as a template, the films undertake a deconstruction of Nigerian political landscape through a critical re-reading of its history and suggest a cultural solution to the lingering political dilemmas in the nation.
REGIONAL EXPANSION, IDENTITY CRISIS AND THE PARADOX OF HUMAN RIGHTS ENFORCEMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Nugraha Fajar Muhammad
Published: February 2019

The EU is very concerned with the implementation of Human Rights, so it has become the basic value and the main terms in its membership1. The EU's desire toexpand the territorial prompts efforts to discipline the implementation of Human Rights is intensified in order to increase the number of members. However, individual identity, how one defines itself as a nation, and freedom of expression are also major points in Human Rights. This is clearly a major obstacle that unknowingly appears in the territorial expansion efforts being undertaken by the European Union. The most obvious and most recent example is the occurrence of Brexit through the EU referendum in June 2016 which resulted in the United Kingdom having to quit the EU membership. This is a major blow to the EU, because in the course of territorial expansion, the EU would have to lose one of its larger member states. This paper discusses the paradox of the virtue of Human Rights as a value that is upheld within the EU and the freedom of individuals and nations in defining themselves, as well as an identity crisis which is beginning to undermine the comfort of life in society.
CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACE BUILDING: THE GENDER QUESTION IN OLAMMA BY TRACIE EZEAJUGH
Authors: Jacinta Akaenyi Nkiruka
Published: February 2019

The paper examines the strategic approaches adopted by women and the socio-cultural obstacles that impede women‟s active participation in conflict resolution and peace building process as seen in the play understudy. African nations have been ravaged by conflict, resulting in destabilization, displacement, and infrastructural destruction, all of which have gender-specific consequences. Women are often portrayed as victims of conflict; and in large part, they are. Yet they are largely neglected once peace occurs. Despite active role in war, women are often neglected in the post-conflict situation and in peace negotiations. Studies have shown that despite the fact that women play active roles in developing coalitions across fighting groups within and outside Nigeria, women are neither represented nor consulted in peace negotiations. Often discrimination against women in post-conflict land settlement buttresses this fact. This is essential for sustaining peace.
THE REPRESENTATION OF JIHAD IN THE HISTORY OF ACEH SOCIAL REVOLUTION IN THE NOVEL NAPOLEON DARI TANAH RENCONG
Authors: Srikandi Cut Novita
Published: February 2019

Historical events are one source of inspiration for writers to write literary works. Thus, historical events are not only found in historical texts, but also in literary works. One of them is the novel entitled Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong which is a historical novel because it revives the history of the Aceh War in the context of social revolution in Aceh. This study aims to show the representation of jihad in Napoeon dari Tanah Rencong by Akmal Nasery Basral. The concept of representation and hegemony will be used to address problems in this study. The method used in this research is qualitative with descriptive design. The results of the research show that Napoleon dari Tanah Rencong is able to reveal something different about the representation of jihad from what has been known by most of the people of Aceh. Jihad's representation in the novel is related to hegemony, politics and interests.
REPRESENTATION AND IDENTITYOF PERSIAN ISLAMIC CULTURE IN ANCIENT GRAVES OF BARUS, NORTH SUMATRA
Authors: Zulyeno Bastian , Assilmi Ghilman
Published: February 2019

The traces of Islam in Barus to this day still hold a mystery that has not been revealed. The Islamic cemetery complex in Barus holds abundant information about religious leaders who are believed to be the first Muslims to have spread Islam in the archipelago. The name of this city (Barus) refers to its natural resource of camphor. The gravestones in the Barus cemetery are written with inscriptions in Arabic and Persian scripts. Among the cemetery complexes there is a complex named Papan Tinggi. The purpose of this research is to contribute to the cultural treasures of Indonesia, especially the relationships between Indonesia and Central Asia at the beginning of the spread of Islam. The problem that arises is the extent to which the inscriptions can be interpreted from a foreign and local culture. The expected benefit of this research is to reveal more information about the role of Barus in Islamic culture development in Indonesia. The research method used includes three stages, namely data collection, data processing and interpretation. This study is expected to answer the early development of Islam in Barus.
ANCIENT TOMBS AND MOSQUES IN JAVA: COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND COSMOLOGY
Authors: Assilmi Ghilman , Mendrofa James Farlow
Published: February 2019

The development of Islam in Java is closely related to the tomb as a material culture that can be studied in archeology. Through the study of tombs, it can be revealed how Islam is developed. In general, the placement of the remaining tombs of the Islamic sultanate in Java can be divided into two locations, namely tombs that are on hills or mountains, and the tombs that are in flat areas. This article discusses the meaning of placing tombs in flat areas studied through the view of Javanese cosmology. Data sources used came from two places, namely the Great Mosque of Demak and the Great Mosque of Kudus. In addition, the study of pilgrimage activities in both places became the focus of the research to see how people now interpret the tombs. The results of the study show that placement of the tombs is related to the microcosm, which is the process of human creation in Islamic cosmology. The activity of pilgrimage to the existing tomb complex is a tradition that is closely related to the meaning of respect for the buried figure.
FEMINIST APPROACH AS AN OPTION IN CONTENDING ECONOMIC RECESSION: HUSBAND FOR HIRE TELENOVELA AS PARADIGM
Authors: Oju Enakeno Victoria , Anyanwu Chukwuma
Published: February 2019

One of the challenges that has bedevilled today's society, is the total relegation of women to the background in the scheme of things. This is also reflected in films. Feminist scholars, critics and women's movements have relentlessly challenged the stereotypical representations of women in films all over the world, criticizing their depictions as subordinates, emotional cripples, sex-starved spinsters, housewives and psychotics. Despite the efforts to locate a lasting solution, the discrimination still lingers on. The contributions of women towards development in every society if given a more collaborative inclusive environment are immense. This is even so, especially in recent times that call for desperate measures to ending the global economic recession. It is against this backdrop that this study intends to identify how some films are helping or have helped in the redirection and construction of the gender roles of women that will lead to alleviating the economic recession, using the Telenovela, Husband for Hire. The study adopts the qualitative method of research using content analysis to identify how these films have redefined the position and roles of women as well as their capabilities. The findings of the study revealed that films are potent tools for creating and reinforcing images of reality and gender roles that can help in the solutions required for curbing the recent economic recession. Hence, it was recommended that there is the need for reconstruction of content to achieve better portrayals of women and to highlight hard-work as well as the creation of films that reinforce ‘less ego' for men and a more collaborative inclusive environment for women to foster better development.
CULTURAL HERITAGE AND IMAGES OF THE CITY: TRANSFORMATION OF SAWAHLUNTO IN INDONESIA
Authors: Ediyen Agseora , Tambunan Shuri Mariasih Gietty
Published: February 2019

In order to be acknowledged as a World Heritage Centre by UNESCO in 2016, the city government transformed Sawahlunto, which used to be an old mining city, into what the government claimed as a culturally touristic mining city. The city had basically been declared as a dead city; however, the government has strategically increased its economics through tourism. This article focuses on the meaning-making process in the construction of the city image(s) basing the process in the discussion of the politics of collective memory and cultural heritage. Data, mainly findings from observations, interviews and textual analysis, were collected from two tourism sites namely Goedang Ransoem Museum and Lubang Tambang Mbah Soero. The aim of the research is to interpret how the people in Sawahlunto make sense of the image construction of the city or even contest it as the government conveyed particular meaning in redefining the city‟s identity. Abidin Kusno‟s conceptualization of collective memory in architecture is mainly used to analyze the architectural elements of the two tourism sites. Furthermore, the analysis also refers to Hobsbawn and Thompson‟s notion of cultural heritage and Leif Edvinson‟s images of the city. Research findings reveal that the city government constructs a dominant meaning of what they convey as cultural heritage by utilizing local laws and the authority from other regions which have more experiences in transforming their city into a city of cultural heritage. On the other hand, the people in Sawahlunto have their own understanding of what their city means for them in relation to their own cultural heritage. All in all, the complexity of the meaning-makitng process in the city‟s transformation between the government and the people could be read as a battleground of contesting discourses.
ARTICULATING AGENCY WITHIN SITES OF CONTESTATIONS IN HARAPAN RAINFOREST: PROBLEMATIZING PALM OIL PLANTATIONS IN JAMBI, INDONESIA
Authors: Bachrioktora Yudi
Published: February 2019

The increasing global demand for palm oil due to the global new orientation on bio-fuels has affected the rapid expansion of the palm oil plantations in Indonesia. Previous research findings have shown there are multiple actors involved in the palm oil plantations; however, few have taken into account the social interactions between these actors in relation to specificity of the local context. This article problematize how the actors and networks intertwine with one another as sites of contestations and also negotiations. The main problem to be investigated is how these actors articulate their agencies within the socio-economic and cultural life of the communities, who live around forest conservation in Jambi province, namely Harapan Rainforest. Research findings show that the network of actors is problematic in a sense that each actor‟s agency is mostly overshadowed by their own “politics.” Furthermore, from the ethnographic data, the locals in Jambi perceive and negotiate with this situation in their own framework of social network and cultural capital.
DE-RADICALIZATION OF FUNDAMENTALISM THROUGH THE THOUGHT OF MOHAMMED ARKOUN
Authors: Rezan Muhammad , Naupal Naupal
Published: February 2019

Fundamentalism in religion has become an important issue in people's lives, especially in areas with high heterogeneity. The emergence of various cases of attacks against innocent people in the name of religion, has become an irony of its own, especially for religious believers. The irony arises when religion teaches peace in diversity, but there are many irregularities in its implementation. Various factors in the emergence of fundamentalism in religion do not necessarily become a reason for the lack of efforts to deradicalize this understanding. Mohammed Arkoun, through his various studies, has raised the significance of a re-understanding of religious texts with the present context. Relevance of religion - as a guideline for human life - is essential, especially in the current era of disruption. Based on these matters, this study was made to present the deradicalization of fundamentalism through a re-understanding of religious texts in a critical and integrated manner. Arkoun explained that the main problem in this matter was the effort to make religion an institutional product whose interpretation was absolute, which led to a single understanding. This incident is contrary to the concept of Islam as a religion that is rahmatanlilaminalamin (Islam as a religion that brings grace and prosperity to all people). By utilizing a disruption era that recognizes change quickly and radically, this moment can be used well to provide a comprehensive, integrated, and credible religious knowledge forum, and of course with a high level of accessibility.
TRANSLATING CODE-SWITCHING IN THE INDONESIAN VERSION OF DER BOXER
Authors: Salim Dias R.
Published: February 2019

Code-switching is the use of more than one language in an utterance. Within a narrative work like comics, code-switching can be used to show exoticism, character identity, or dramatic effect. Translating such a speech pattern poses a challenge to a translator. This paper discusses how a translator covert speeches that code-switch to three foreign languages – English, Yiddish, and Hebrew – in the German comic der Boxer by Reinhard Kleist into Indonesian. Translation units such as words, phrases, and sentences in the the target text will be compared to its counterparts in the source text to note the procedures used by the translator. The data gathered will then be analyzed to observe which utterances are kept in their foreign form, kept with additional information, or translated functionally and literally. Each procedure taken has its effects on the target text. Some preserve story elements such as surprise effect and otherness, while some preserve the readers’ immersion in the story. The procedures taken show that one needs to consider the context of each unit in translating and that not only one procedure can be applied as a panacea in translating every unit in a code-switching language pair.
URBAN CULTURAL OMNIVORES, UPSCALING ETHNIC FOOD AND CULINARY REPRODUCTION IN MARCO AND SUNTIANG
Authors: Gietty Tambunan Shuri Mariasih , Widhiasti Maria Regina , Bachrioktora Yudi , Utami Nila Ayu
Published: February 2019

Culinary practices have always been considered as social and cultural activities signifying ideas of continuity and transformation regarding one‟s culture and identity. As migration happens, people move from their hometown and recreate familiar food and flavors in their new home. Therefore, the study of culinary practices will reveal the dynamics of constant negotiation between having to trace back the familiar taste, for example by using inherited recipes, with the necessity to innovate and reproduce meals from their hometown with new ingredients and materials found in the new place. Furthermore, in an urban setting that has been heavily influenced with a variety of culinary practices from other locales in Indonesia or from other countries, culinary practices in Jakarta could no longer be analyzed as merely everyday activities as they have become an arena of contestation and negotiation. This research discusses how two up-scale restaurants, Suntiang (a Padangnese-Japanese fusion restaurant) and Marco (a self-proclaimed Padang peranakan restaurant), re-inscribe Padangnese cuisines and make new meanings on „old‟ traditional delicacies.
THE PRACTICE OF SECULARISM IN RELIGIOUS CENCORSHIP IN TURKISH FILM (1939-1990)
Authors: Aditama Aditama , Rachmanti Nadira Bella , Soekarba Siti Rohmah
Published: February 2019

This paper analyzes a film as one of the media with the ability to convey certain messages to the public. Films can reflect the social and cultural conditions of society, thereby they can be used to spread the current ideas, views, and ideologies of a country. Films in Turkey are part of a culture that has developed rapidly and has become an entertainment for the people. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reformed and turned Turkey into a new country with the ideology of secularism, controlling religious institutions and expressions. This journal article aims to describe the implementation of Turkish secular ideology in the country's cultural settings, namely censorship of religious elements in Turkish films from 1939 to 1990. The method used in this article is critical descriptive through literature study. This article concludes that censorship is not only practiced to maintain secularism in Turkey, but also to protect the religion itself.
Estimates of the Relative Abundance of Long-finned Pilot Whales (Globicephala melas) in the Northeast Atlantic from 1987 to 2015 indicate no long-term trends
Authors: Pike Daniel G. , Gunnlaugsson Thorvaldur , Desportes Geneviève , Mikkelsen Bjarni , Víkingsson Gísli , Bloch Dorete
Published: February 2019

North Atlantic Sightings Surveys (NASS) and associated surveys, covering a large but variable portion of the North Atlantic, were conducted in 1987, 1989, 1995, 2001, 2007 and 2015. Previous estimates of long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) abundance, derived using conventional distance sampling (CDS), are not directly comparable to one another because of differing survey coverage, field methods and, in the case of the 1989 NASS, different survey timing. CDS was used to develop indices of relative abundance to determine if pilot whale abundance has changed over the 28-year period from 1987 to 2015. The varying spatial coverage of the surveys is accommodated by delineating common regions that were covered by: i) all 6 surveys, and ii) the 3 largest surveys (1989, 1995, and 2007). These “Index Regions” were divided into East and West subregions, and post-stratification was used to obtain abundance estimates for these index areas only. Estimates are provided using the sightings from the combined platforms for surveys that used double platforms or the primary platform only. Total abundance in the Index Regions, uncorrected for perception or availability biases, ranged from 54,264 (CV=0.48) in 2001 to 253,109 (CV=0.43) in 2015. There was no significant trend in the numbers of individuals or groups in either the 6 or 3 Survey Index Regions, and no consistent trend over the period. Power analyses indicate that negative annual growth rates of -3% to -5% would have been detectible over the entire period. The Index Regions comprise only a portion of the summer range of the species and changes in annual distribution clearly affect the results. Operational changes to the surveys, particularly in defining pilot whale groups, may also have introduced biases. Recommendations for future monitoring of the long-finned pilot whale population are provided.
Balancing plant conservation and agricultural production in the Ecuadorian Dry Inter-Andean Valleys
Authors: Quintana Catalina , Girardello Marco , Balslev Henrik
Published: February 2019

Background

Conserving both biodiversity and ecosystem services is a major goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity. Hotspots for biodiversity in the Andes significantly overlap with areas with dense human populations that sustain their economy through agricultural production. Therefore, developing management forms that reconcile food provisioning services—such as agriculture—with biodiversity conservation must be addressed to avoid social conflicts and to improve conservation in areas where biodiversity co-occurs with other ecosystem services. Here, we present a high-resolution conservation plan for vascular plants and agriculture in the Ecuadorian Dry Inter-Andean Valleys (DIAV) hotspot. Trade-offs in conserving important areas for both biodiversity and agriculture were explored.

Methods

We used a dataset containing 5,685 presence records for 95 plant species occurring in DIAVs, of which 14 species were endemic. We developed habitat suitability maps for the 95 species using Maxent. Prioritization analyses were carried out using a conservation planning framework. We developed three conservation scenarios that selected important areas for: biodiversity only, agriculture only, and for both biodiversity and agriculture combined.

Results

Our conservation planning analyses, capture 33.5% of biodiversity and 11% of agriculture under a scenario solely focused on the conservation ofbiodiversity. On the other hand, the top 17% fraction of theagriculture onlyscenario captures 10% of biodiversity and 28% of agriculture. When biodiversity and agriculture were considered in combination, their representation varied according to the importance given to agriculture. The most balanced solution that gives a nearly equal representation of both biodiversity and agriculture, was obtained when agriculture was given a slightly higher importance over biodiversity during the selection process.

Discussion

This is the first evaluation of trade-offs between important areas for biodiversity and agriculture in Ecuadorian DIAV. Our results showed that areas with high agricultural productivity and high biodiversity partly overlapped. Our study suggests that a land-sharing strategy would be appropriate for conserving plant diversity and agriculture in the DIAV. Overall, our study reinforces the idea that friendly practices in agriculture can contribute to biodiversity conservation.
Bilateral Posner Schlossman Syndrome with Underlying Open Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Bhoot Madhu , Dubey Suneeta , Mukherjee Saptarshi
Published: February 2019

Purpose:

To describe a case of Posner Schlossman Syndrome (PSS) with bilateral presentation with underlying open angle glaucoma.

Case Report:

A young patient presented with blurring of vision in the right eye. On examination, he had mild anterior chamber reaction and open angles on gonioscopy. IOP was 30mm Hg in the right eye and 11mm Hg in the left eye. He had recurrent episodes of IOP spikes in the right eye despite being on ocular hypotensives. Trabeculectomy was done in the right eye. Few months later, he had similar episodes of elevation of IOP with inflammation in the left eye also for which he underwent trabeculectomy. Following trabeculectomy, his IOP was well controlled in both the eyes.

Conclusion:

PSS should be considered in any patient with increased IOP without any other signs because the inflammation may be so mild as to be overlooked or it may follow the acute rise in IOP by some days. Though PSS is unilateral, a bilateral presentation should also be kept in mind. Follow up of the patients should be at regular intervals and they need to have their visual fields and optic discs frequently monitored because of the recurrent nature and progression of the optic disc damage.
Ophthalmomyiasis Externa - A Rare Case Report from Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Aggarwal Rita , Aggarwal Ritika , Sarkar L. , Gupta Pooja , Sahu Yamini
Published: February 2019

Ophthalmomyiasis is the infestation of human eye with larvae of certain flies. Only a few cases of Ophthalmomyiasis externa have been reported from India. We report a human case of external ophthalmomyiasis caused by the larva of oestrus ovis (sheep botfly) for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, from Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh. A 32 year old male patient presented with redness and watering in the right eye. A moving larva was found in his right inferior fornix and after its removal, the symptoms improved after a few hours.
Visual Acuity: Decoded
Authors: Dhir Pushkar , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Das Dipankar , Manabjyoti Barman , Soibam Ronel , Angmo Diskit , Dhir Parikshit , Gupta Tarun , Mishra Divakant , Khuram Fazil , Chirania Palak
Published: February 2019

In the current scenario of competition, paper writing, critical analysis and stardom, we forget to analyse the basics of the subject, one of which is a visual acuity standard. Being an ophthalmologist demands good understanding of visual acuity in all formats. This article emphasise on visual acuity conversions from logarithm to Snellen visual chart at 6 meter, 4 meter, 20 feet and decimal forms.
Importance of micelle‐like multimers in the atypical aggregation kinetics of N‐terminal serum amyloid A peptides
Authors: Ahmed Ikhlaus , Jones Eric M.
Published: February 2019

Amyloid formation occurs via numerous complex mechanisms, often involving intermediates. This study examines the mechanism of amyloidogenesis in two N‐terminal fragments of serum amyloid A (SAA), which are known to exhibit dramatically different amyloid structures. Fibrillization kinetics by these peptides are found to exhibit two unusual features: slower rates at higher peptide concentration, and complete insensitivity to addition of pre‐formed seed. Additionally, we find that these peptides form micelle‐like oligomers in solution. Our results imply an unusual dual role of micellar oligomers in amyloidogenesis, in which these particles act both as an off‐pathway reservoir of peptide, and an inhibitory aggregate that slows amyloid growth. We anticipate that this mechanism of fibril formation may exist in other hydrophobic amyloid‐forming peptides and proteins.
Modeling of interior reinforced concrete beam‐column joint based on an innovative theory of joint shear failure
Authors: Tran Xuan Hoa , Kai Yoshiro
Published: February 2019

A two‐dimensional macroelement is proposed for reinforced concrete interior beam‐column joints based on an innovative theory of joint shear hinging failure. The new joint model maintains the original aspect of the mechanical model of the joint shear hinging failure theory, in which concrete struts are used to model the concrete core, which differs from other multispring models discussed in the literature and developed from the theory. The applicable scope of the new joint element encompasses interior joints where the beams and columns have the same depth and width. Moreover, within the scope of this study, only the monotonic responses were computed to capture the backbone of the joint hysteresis responses. Verification of the test data indicated the reliability of the new joint models for predicting the backbone of the load‐deflection relationship and the yielding of reinforcements under cyclic loadings.
Advances of Microfluidics in Biomedical Engineering
Authors: Zhong Qifeng , Ding Haibo , Gao Bingbing , He Zhenzhu , Gu Zhongze
Published: February 2019

As an enabling technique, microfluidic systems have developed rapidly in recent years to emerge as a powerful tool in the field of biomedical engineering. Microfluidics enables miniaturized, integratable, high‐throughput and automated biochemical analysis, fabrication of biomaterials with precisely controlled structures and compositions, and construction of organ‐on‐a‐chip systems with specific organ features and functions. Recent advances in microfluidics for biomedical engineering applications are outlined in this review, emphasizing the basic concepts and research trends in this field. The review covers recent research in microfluidics for bioassays, biofabrication, and tissue engineering. The technologies involved in these applications are highlighted, such as those for fabricating sensitive and portable bioassays, for fabricating biomaterials in a regulated manner, and for fabricating 3D cell culture scaffolds and microenvironments.
Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Complex Pyrrole‐Based Architectures from Very Simple Starting Materials
Authors: Leonardi Marco , Estévez Verónica , Villacampa Mercedes , Menéndez J. Carlos
Published: February 2019

The build/couple/pair strategy was applied to the generation of 18 structurally diverse scaffolds built around pyrrole cores. The couple phase, involving the first application of a mechanochemical multicomponent reaction for this purpose, afforded pyrrole derivatives that were transformed into some unusual fused heterocyclic systems using a domino process initiated by a Cu‐catalyzed cross coupling or intramolecular furan Diels‐Alder reactions. Because of the high current importance of macrocycles in drug discovery, the synthesis of macrocyclic libraries was also investigated using a pseudo five‐component double Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis followed by ring‐closing metathesis or the one‐pot generation of two pyrrole rings.

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