bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High third-order optical nonlinear performance in CMOS devices integrated with 2D graphene oxide films
Authors: Moss David , wu jiayang , zhang yuning
Published: April 2021

We report enhanced nonlinear optics in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible photonic platforms through the use of layered two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) films. We integrate GO films with silicon-on-insulator nanowires (SOI), high index doped silica glass (Hydex) and silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides and ring resonators, to demonstrate an enhanced optical nonlinearity including Kerr nonlinearity and four-wave mixing (FWM). The GO films are integrated using a large-area, transfer-free, layer-by-layer method while the film placement and size are controlled by photolithography. In SOI nanowires we observe a dramatic enhancement in both the Kerr nonlinearity and nonlinear figure of merit (FOM) due to the highly nonlinear GO films. Self-phase modulation (SPM) measurements show significant spectral broadening enhancement for SOI nanowires coated with patterned films of GO. The dependence of GO’s Kerr nonlinearity on layer number and pulse energy shows trends of the layered GO films from 2D to quasi bulk-like behavior. The nonlinear parameter of GO coated SOI nanowires is increased 16 folds, with the nonlinear FOM increasing over 20 times to FOM > 5. We also observe an improved FWM efficiency in SiN waveguides integrated with 2D layered GO films. FWM measurements for samples with different numbers of GO layers and at different pump powers are performed, achieving up to ≈ 7.3 dB conversion efficiency (CE) enhancement for a uniformly coated device with 1 layer of GO and ≈ 9.1 dB for a patterned device with 5 layers of GO. These results reveal the strong potential of GO films to improve the nonlinear optics of silicon, Hydex and SiN photonic devices.
Automatic barcode gap discovery reveals diverse clades of Rhipicephalus spp. and Haemaphysalis spp. ticks from small mammals in 'Asir, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Samia Q. , Low Van Lun , Alkathiry Hadil A. , Alagaili Abdulaziz N. , McGarry John W. , Makepeace Benjamin L.
Published: April 2021

Background: The ixodid tick genera Rhipicephalus and Haemaphysalis contain several species of medical and/or veterinary importance but their diversity in some regions of the world remains underexplored. For instance, very few modern studies have been performed on the taxonomy of these genera on the Arabian Peninsula.Methods: In this study, we trapped small mammals in the 'Asir Mountains of southwest Saudi Arabia and collected tick specimens for morphological examination and molecular barcoding, targeting three mitochondrial loci: coi, 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA.Results: We obtained a total of 733 ticks (608 Haemaphysalis spp. and 125 Rhipicephalus spp.) from 75 small mammal hosts belonging to six species. All tick specimens were immature except for nine adults recovered from a hedgehog (Paraechinus aethiopicus). Morphologically, the Rhipicephalus ticks resembled Rhipicephalus camicasi but the Haemaphysalis ticks showed differences in palp morphology compared with species previously described from Saudi Arabia. Phylogenetic analysis and automatic barcode gap discovery identified a novel clade of Rhipicephalus sp. representing most of the nymphs. This was most closely related to Rhipicephalus leporis, Rhipicephalus guilhoni, and the tropical lineage of R. sanguineus. The adult ticks and a small proportion of nymphs clustered with R. camicasi sequences from a previous study. Finally, the Haemaphysalis nymphs formed two distinct clades that were clearly separated from all reference sequences but closest to some African species.Conclusions: This high level of tick diversity observed in a single study site of only ~170 km2, on a relatively small number of hosts, highlights the potential for new tick species to be discovered on the Arabian Peninsula.
Leadership in the Research: Determinants of Quality, Standards and Best Practices
Authors: Dźwigoł Henryk
Published: April 2021

One of the obligatory elements of any scientific research is a methodical toolkit, the diversity of which determines the reliability of the obtained results and ability to solve the tasks set in the work. The purpose of the article is to identify the factors defining the scientific research process and affect the quality of the results. The methodological tools of the study include questionnaires and factor analysis (Bartlett’s test for sphericity, KMO test (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin sampling adequacy measure), and MSA test (sampling adequacy measure)). The object of research is 401 scientists and 196 practitioners in the field of management and quality sciences. The questionnaire for practitioners consisted of four parts. The first part includes general issues about the research process, methods and techniques used in it; the second deals with the importance of using methods and techniques in the scientific research in the field of management and quality sciences; the third – provides questions on improving the quality of research; the fourth is demographic. The questionnaire for scientists consists of three parts. The first part addresses the importance of approaches, processes, methods and techniques in research in the field of management and quality sciences; the second – includes questions on improving the research process; the third is demographic. The results are summarized on a five-point Likert scale. Based on the generalization of practitioners’ answers, the main factor of scientific research is the “concept of the research methodology model”, defined as a measure of the scientific research process effectiveness. The results of the analysis help conclude the need to develop new research methods that can increase its effectiveness by managing, planning, organizing and verifying the research process in the field of management and quality sciences. The factors determining the research process and affecting its quality include constant changes in the market. It necessitates the use of various research methods that can form a holistic basis for empirical analysis. The research process quality means checking the degree of implementation and consistency of the objectives in the article with the research problem and the conclusions in it. For the effective functioning of the research process, it is proposed to develop an “algorithm of behavior” of the researcher, which will (after determining the appropriate gap between research methods and features of the research problem) ensure their coordination and increase the added value of the results.
A Critical Perspective of Leadership Theories
Authors: Sivaruban Sivanathan
Published: April 2021

This paper summarizes leadership theories and critically analyzes the different viewpoints on leadership theory in the real corporate world. The main purpose of the study is to examine leadership theories from a critical perspective in a practical context. The systematization of the literature sources and study approaches for solving the problem on a practical perspective toward leadership theories that indicate leadership theories are emerging research topics in the dynamic environment. The relevance of this critical perspective on leadership theories is redesign leadership style based on the current business environment. Investigation of the leadership theories from a critical perspective is conducted in the following logical sequence, such as the introduction, literature review, methodological tools of the research, analysis of each leadership theory, results, discussion, and conclusion of the study. The paper presents the outcome of an empirical analysis on a critical perspective of leadership theories, which showed that leadership theories have not yet been combined. The research empirically confirms that leadership theories prove that the outcome of the study can be a critical tool for future researchers, industry practitioners and other related stakeholders to redesign the leadership style to suit the competitive business environment. The result of the research can be useful to provide significant implications and insights into the leadership theories. A critical analysis of those theories shall enlighten the literature review of leadership theories and redesign leadership style to create a new set of leadership theories since no universal leadership style is accepted in the world. Finally, the leadership style has shifted to another dimension in emotional intelligence due to COVID-19, the global pandemic, creating a new set of attributable skills such as good listening skills, resilience, collaboration, and empathy. COVID-19 has developed a unique leadership style called resilient style.
Regularities In The Development Of The Theory Of Energy Efficiency Management
Authors: Ziabina Yevheniia , Kovalenko Yevhen
Published: April 2021

This article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the laws of developing the theory of energy efficiency management of the national economy. The study’s primary purpose is to develop theoretical and methodological tools for analyzing the patterns of development of the theory of energy efficiency management of the national economy. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem of developing the idea of energy efficiency management of the national economy has shown a need to update state energy policies, strategies, regulatory and legal support for the energy sector’s functioning. The urgency of solving this scientific problem is to intensify research on the development of the national economy’s energy efficiency management theory. The research on the laws of development of the theory of energy efficiency management of the national economy in the article is carried out in the following logical sequence: the systematization of literature sources and approaches to study the theory of energy efficiency management of the national economy, bibliometric and trend analysis to further identify basic theoretical principles and stages of energy management theory, the efficiency of the national economy. Methodological tools of the study were methods of logical generalization, comparative analysis and trend and bibliometric analysis – to identify patterns in developing the theory of energy efficiency of the national economy; the study period was chosen from 2000 to 2020. VOSViewer v.1.6.10 toolkit was used for bibliometric analysis, Google Trends for trend analysis. The object of the study is a sample of 48,888 publications and 21,725 search queries for the keywords like energy policy, energy efficiency, sustainable development based on scientometric databases Scopus and Web of Science, as well as Google Trends tools. The article presents the results of trend and bibliometric analysis of the development of energy efficiency management theory of the national economy, which showed that today the relevance and interest in the development of energy efficiency of the national economy is only gaining momentum, primarily due to the transition to a new stage of carbon neutral development.
International Migration As A Driver Of Country Development
Authors: Pudryk Denys
Published: April 2021

The expression of the country’s sustainable socio-political development is its achievement of macroeconomic stability, which, first of all, depends on the ability of the national economy to ensure the growth of macroeconomic indicators. It raises many questions about identifying and evaluating factors that directly and indirectly impact growth. In recent decades, more and more attention is paid to the problems of developed countries’ human capital security and their importance for macroeconomic processes. Human resources can be interpreted as explicit (labor resources) and implicit (ethnic, age, language, qualification distribution, etc.) factor influencing macroeconomic indicators. Since most economically advanced states belong to the category of old nations, they have faced another global problem in the last half-century – the population’s rapid ageing. Their gradual degeneration leads to the inhibition of positive macroeconomic processes. Therefore there is a need to attract new human resources, and migration is one of the most effective levers to solve this problem. However, migration can pose several threats to both the destination country and the donor country. In the economic context for the destination country, the most serious of these is the lack of the desired improvement in human potential due to the influx of low-skilled workers. In contrast, for the country of origin, there is a brain drain. It creates the problem of determining the factors that affect population migration between the donor country and the destination country, and their correlation with macroeconomic indicators. The purpose of this work is to conduct a generalized analysis of methodologies for assessing the interconnectedness of macroeconomic and migration determinants and identifying commonalities. According to the work results, it was found that most of the analyzed scientists use simple estimation models, filling them with related indirect migration factors and macroeconomic indicators, which are formed depending on the primary goal of the work. Thus, this study allows us to create a list of migration determinants commonly used in typical results, to form an updated methodological framework.
Movie Consumption Related Trends And Countertrends In Consumer Behavior
Authors: Ádám Horváth , Balázs Gyenge
Published: April 2021

This paper aims to collect and study the various trends related to cultural consumption, more specifically behaviors reflecting in movie related consumption and choice (influencing both the habits of movie consumption and the related decision making). The paper summarizes and explores these trends from all major levels: the long term scaling ‘megatrends’ which appear on a global scale (and have major, interconnecting effects that may be perceived over a longer time period); the lower timescale, albeit more relevant ‘trends’ (which already stars to influence and merge into the everyday life of consumers) and their so-called ‘countertrends’ that might appear after reaching a certain threshold (along with certain previous trends’ reemergence), and the ‘latest trends’ where even yearly changes and shifts could be shaping the near future (even before affecting the majority of societies). The main purpose of the study is to systemize the literary sources and approaches to trends from the viewpoint of cultural consumption, through the format of literature study, with the focus point and relevance of this compilation being the movie- and movie related consumption. The paper is carried out under the logical structure of exploring trends and their realization in movie consumption, examining both the generally accepted megatrends (such as the effects of technological progress or the changing pace of life) and also such unique phenomena as movie related aspects of comfort orientation, experiences deemed evident by the consumers, movie induced tourism (due to the popularity of filming locations), or even trends related to movie genres and their popularity. Additionally, the study also seeks to find out how certain trends may elicit their own countertrends through strengthening to the point where the opposite effects start to emerge as well. The results of the study can be useful for marketers to have a better grasp on the movie industry trends and especially for researchers, as it provides an important opportunity to better understand movie consumption and behavior of audiences, which may follow larger overlapping trends.
Rice as an Early form of Money in the Economic Sense: Satisfying Store of Value, Unit of Account and Medium of Exchange Requirements
Authors: Gentle Paul F.
Published: April 2021

This article examines the special case of rice in different parts of the World, as it was used for an additional purpose, besides providing for nutritional needs of people. When confidence in a system of currency with coins is present, this more conventional form of money takes precedence. A respected economic form of currency which may include paper and coins or accounts thereof, has all three elements of money: a medium of exchange, a store of value and as a unit of account. In this article, the concept of value includes subjective value, what people have in terms of pleasure and displeasure in regard to owning and seeing a particular object. This article shows that rice satisfied the three requirements for serving as a form of money, at some time periods and in some areas of the World. It has been found that rice met the three criteria necessary for them to be a type of money, in history in different countries. Some examples include certain past time periods in parts of Indonesia, Greece, North America, Japan, and some other places. Although rice was later found to not work as well, compared to some other specific forms of money. Understanding how different forms of money appear and then are replaced by other forms of money is important in the quest to understand what exactly money is. Monetary theory concepts concerning Gresham’s Law and the Quantity Theory of Money are discussed in regard to using rice as money.
The Islamic Microfinance System And Its Ultimate Impact On The Poor In Bauchi Metropolis In The Context Of Socio-Economic Challenges
Authors: Sabo Bello Hashim , Abubakar Shamsuddeen , Fateh Sunusi Abdulkadir
Published: April 2021

One of the conditions for providing social services to the population, reducing the differentiation of their incomes, as well as reducing poverty is to provide equal access to financial services for all segments of the population. Despite high unemployment and a significant number of poor people, only about a few thousand Nigerians today use Islamic microfinance services. The main purpose of this study is to study the impact of the Islamic microfinance system on the financial situation of the population. The study is based on the principles of the theory of positivism. Methods of deduction, statistical analysis, and survey served as methodological tools. The authors of the article developed a structured questionnaire, the analysis of which allowed to analyze the attitude of citizens to Islamic microfinance services. A representative sample of citizens of the metropolis Bauchi with different levels of wealth, age and gender was selected for the study. According to the results of the survey, the development of special microcredit programs for low-income people allowed to finance the start of their own business, thus providing their own and household members’ employment. The main factors hindering the development of microfinance in Muslim countries are the high level of non-repayment of borrowed funds, imperfect infrastructure, the presence of Sharia bans on certain types of financial transactions. The results of the study showed the need for an active information campaign aimed at explaining the benefits of using macro-financial services and their accessibility for low-income citizens, as well as expanding the network of microfinance institutions throughout the metropolis. These measures will create conditions for the development of small business in the country, and as a consequence reduce poverty and reduce the number of unemployed in the country.
Semi-classical quantisation of magnetic solitons in the anisotropic Heisenberg quantum chain
Authors: Miao Yuan , Ilievski Enej , Gamayun Oleksandr
Published: April 2021

Using the algebro-geometric approach, we study the structure of semi-classical eigenstates in a weakly-anisotropic quantum Heisenberg spin chain. We outline how classical nonlinear spin waves governed by the anisotropic Landau--Lifshitz equation arise as coherent macroscopic low-energy fluctuations of the ferromagnetic ground state. Special emphasis is devoted to the simplest types of solutions, describing precessional motion and elliptic magnetisation waves. The internal magnon structure of classical spin waves is resolved by performing the semi-classical quantisation
using the Riemann--Hilbert problem approach. We present an expression for the overlap of two semi-classical eigenstates and discuss how
correlation functions at the semi-classical level arise from classical phase-space averaging.
DOLANDIRICILIK SUÇUNUN SUSMAK SURETİYLE İŞLENMESİ SORUNSALI
Authors: OKUYUCU ERGÜN Güneş
Published: April 2021

Dolandırıcılık suçu, 5237 sayılı TCK’nın Malvarlığına Karşı Suçlar başlıklı onuncu bölümünde 157. maddede düzenlenmiştir. Buna göre dolandırıcılık, “Hileli davranışlarla bir kimseyi aldatıp, onun veya başkasının zararına olarak, kendisine veya başkasına bir yarar sağla”maktan ibarettir. Susmanın dolandırıcılık suçunda hile teşkil edip etmeyeceği tartışmalıdır. Bunun mümkün olduğunu savunan yazarlar kadar mümkün olmadığını düşünen yazarlar da vardır. Her türlü susma değilse de kişinin hukuken var olan bir aydınlatma yükümlülüğünün ihmali anlamına gelen susma, dolandırıcılık suçunda hile teşkil edebilir. Bu yükümlülük, kanundan, sözleşmeden ya da sözleşme dışındaki bir nedene dayanan güven ilişkisinden yahut iyi niyet kurallarından kaynaklanabilir. Belirtmek gerekir ki her türlü sözleşme ilişkisinden böyle bir aydınlatma yükümlülüğü doğmayacağı gibi güven ve iyi niyet kuralları da her durumda genel bir aydınlatma yükümlülüğü getiren kurallar olarak düşünülemez. Burada bir taraftan sözleşme serbestisi, ticari örf ve adetten kaynaklanan uygulamalar ve gündelik hayat ilişkileri ile diğer taraftan bunların kişileri aldatma özgürlüğü ve başkalarını aldatma konusunda açık çek olarak değerlendirilmemesi gereği arasında bir denge kurulmalıdır.
ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER’IN HUKUK VE CEZA ADALETİ ANLAYIŞI
Authors: ŞENSOY Pirali Çağrı
Published: April 2021

Arthur Schopenhauer pek çok düşünüre ve felsefî ekole ilham kaynağı olmuş önemli bir filozoftur. Schopenhauer’ın felsefî fikirleri üzerine bugüne kadar çok sayıda tez çalışması yapılmış, pek çok eseri Türkçeye tercüme edilmiştir. Filozofun hayatın her alanına temas eden dünya görüşü, hukuk felsefesi alanında da fikirler ortaya koymasına imkân sağlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Schopenhauer’ın hukuk felsefesine dair görüşlerini inceleyerek filozofu Türkçe literatüre tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmamıza göre; Schopenhauer, hak kavramını doğal hukukçu olarak anılabilecek bir yaklaşımla ele almaktadır. Adalet kavramını kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleyen Schopenhauer, “ebedî adalet” ve “zamansal-adalet” tanımlamaları ve analizleri üzerinden düalist bir perspektif geliştirmektedir. Devletin kökenini “sosyal sözleşme” ile açıklayan Schopenhauer, devleti bir “koruma kurumu” olarak tanımlamaktadır. Filozofun fikirlerinde zamansal-adaletin gereği olan cezalar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Cezaların “caydırıcılık” amacına hizmet etmesi gerektiği üzerinde duran Schopenhauer, “hücre hapsi” ve “tecrit” gibi mühim kavramlara yönelik önemli tartışmalar geliştirmektedir. Çalışmamızda Türk doktrininin Schopenhauer’ın yaklaşımından yararlanarak günümüz tartışmalarına farklı bir bakış açısıyla yaklaşabileceği tartışılmaktadır.
Место современных фторхинолонов III поколения в лечении распространенного перитонита
Authors: Хачатрян Н. Н. , Вабищевич Н. К. , Охинько Л. В. , Муслимов Б. Г.
Published: April 2021

Несмотря на развитие оперативной техники, внедрение современных методов диагностики и лечения, появление новых антимикробных препаратов, лечение больных с распространенными формами гнойной инфекции брюшной полости остается одной из актуальных проблем современной хирургии в связи с сохраняющимся высоким уровнем летальности и большим числом послеоперационных осложнений [2, 4–6, 9, 32].
Гипогликемия и гипогликемическая кома
Authors: Старостина Е. Г.
Published: April 2021

Термин «гипогликемия» означает буквально «низкий сахар (глюкоза) крови». Единого определения гипогликемии не существует. У лиц, не страдающих сахарным диабетом (СД), гипогликемией считается снижение концентрации глюкозы крови до уровня менее 2,8 ммоль/л в сочетании с определенной клинической симптоматикой или до уровня менее 2,2 ммоль/л независимо от симптомов. Об особенностях определения гипогликемии у больных СД будет сказано далее.
Роль протеолитических энзимов в разрешении раневого процесса и профилактике послеоперационных осложнений
Authors: Минаев С. В. , Стернин Ю. И.
Published: April 2021

Благоприятный клинический исход любого хирургического заболевания зависит не только от адекватно проведенного оперативного вмешательства, но и от последующего ведения больного, обеспечивающего адекватное течение репаративных процессов. Любое оперативное вмешательство может осложниться развитием местных и общих осложнений в послеоперационном периоде. Этому способствуют различные факторы риска, такие как: длительность, травматичность и характер оперативного вмешательства, состояния пациента и сопутствующие заболевания. Поэтому чрезвычайно важной является разработка мероприятий, направленных не только на лечение патологических состояний послеоперационного периода, но и на профилактику их развития.
Современный взгляд на лечение анемии у больных с диабетическим поражением почек
Authors: Мартынов С. А. , Шестакова М. В. , Кутырина И. М. , Шилов Е. М.
Published: April 2021

По определению Организации Объединенных Наций, сахарный диабет (СД) считается первым из неинфекционных заболеваний, приобретших характер эпидемии [1]. По прогнозам Международной диабетологической федерации (IDF), к 2030 г. популяция больных СД может достигнуть 552 млн человек [2]. В РФ в начале 2011 г. было зарегистрировано 3 млн 269 тыс. больных СД, хотя данные выборочных эпидемиологических исследований в различных регионах страны свидетельствуют о том, что реальная численность больных СД может достигать 9 млн человек [3]. Стремительный рост заболеваемости СД, в основном за счет СД 2-го типа, и развитие сопряженных с диабетом и часто приводящих к инвалидизации больного микро- и макрососудистых осложнений требуют огромных финансовых затрат на лечение и медико-социальную реабилитацию.
ASPECTOS GERAIS DA QUÍMICA DOS DITIOCARBAMATOS E DE SEUS COMPLEXOS METÁLICOS E INTERAÇÕES DESSAS ESPÉCIES QUÍMICAS COM IMPORTANTES ENZIMAS – UMA BREVE REVISÃO
Authors: Menezes Daniele , Lima Geraldo
Published: April 2021

GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE CHEMISTRY OF DITHIOCARBAMATES, THEIR METALLIC COMPLEXES AND THEIR INTERACTIONS WITH IMPORTANTE ENZYMES – A BRIEF REVISION. Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) comprise a series of compounds included in the class of 1,1`dithiolates. The application of these organic molecules in the coordination chemistry of some metals is well explored in the last decades, along with their potential applications in medicinal chemistry. In view of our expertise in this field, the syntheses of new DTCS, their coordination chemistry towards various metallic cations and their biocide activities, we summarize in this manuscript the outcomes of some investigations registered in the literature, involving the interactions of DTCs or their complexes with some key enzymes such as carbonic anhydrases, superoxide dismutase, urease, tyrosinase, glutathione, caspases and dehydrogenases. It is provided with a brief introduction of the chemistry of DTCs, electrochemistry, the kinetics of formation, solubility and stability towards solvation. The next topics summarize the results of some experiments concerning the inhibition of these cited enzymes effected by DTCs and some of their coordination complexes. The final remarks and conclusion of the outcomes are provided at the end of the manuscript.
Electronic Investigation Technologies and Modern Format of Technical and Criminalistic Support for Criminal Cases Investigation
Authors:   Kazan Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Romanova G.V. , Romanov V.I. ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: April 2021

The article considers the main aspects of the electronic criminal investigation technologies application from the point of view of modern legislation of Russia and foreign countries. In modern society, there is a continuous process of improving the means of transmitting information, developing and implementing new technical devices for its processing and storage. The rapid development of science and technology inevitably leads to the desire to regulate the relations that arise in this area from a legal point of view. Meanwhile, in the Russian legal science, the information space is defined through the unity of its two components: the technical one, which includes the communication and communication infrastructure, and the social one – the community of Internet users. In this regard, the normative regulation of this area justifiably causes objective difficulties. The development of high technologies leads to the most frequent use of a relatively new form of technical and forensic support for the investigation of criminal cases in the process of criminal investigation. In the modern practice of investigation, the traces left by criminals on various media due to the expansion of digitalization processes are becoming more and more important every year. Timely, systematic development of legal regulation of the use of electronic information technologies is recognized as the most important condition for the successful digitalization of criminal proceedings. Understanding the need for the introduction of electronic technologies in the investigation of a criminal case from the point of view of the informational and technological nature is necessary, since the criminal process should not be an exception within the framework of a single international information policy, and its technological effectiveness should be dominant.
Integrated control of river and pond water as an exposure source to urogenital schistosomiasis of rural inhabitants in southern Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Houmsou Robert Soumay , Wama Emmanuel Binga , Agere Hemen , Uniga John Ador , Bingbeng John Bwamto , Jerry Jerry Timothy , Azuaga Paul , Amuta Elizabeth Une , Kela Santaya Larit
Published: April 2021

The study investigated the infection level and behavioural factors exposing rural inhabitants to urogenital schistosomiasis in Takum Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. Filtration technique determined Schistosoma haematobium eggs from urine samples. Questionnaires collected socio-demographic characteristics and ponds/rivers/streams’ behavioural attitudes of participants. An infection of 41.1% was found. Sufa significantly had the highest infection (62.5%) (χ2 = 32.34, p = 0.001) as well as the age groups 1–10 years (47.2%) and 11–20 years (49.6%) (χ2 = 33.83, p = 0.001). Participants with non-formal education and farmers, respectively, had higher infection (45.7%) (χ2 = 12.08, p = 0.001) and (48.5%) (χ2 = 5.42, p = 0.020). Inhabitants who played in ponds/rivers/streams during dry season as well as those with non-formal education and farmers were more predisposed to infection with respective crude odds ratio (cOR) of 0.92 (%95CI: 0.81–1.50; p = 0.043), 0.55 (%95CI: 0.38–0.77; p = 0.001) and 0.80 (%95CI: 0.33–1.41; p = 0.002). Inhabitants were infected according to their wards as well as their age groups, education level, occupation level and behavioural activities. The federal and state governments should embark on public health education and control of the disease.
Çiğneme fonksiyonu: anatomi, fizyoloji ve nörolojik kontrol
Authors: SEREL ARSLAN Selen
Published: April 2021

Yiyeceklerin dişler ile öğütülmesi ve tükürük ile karıştırılarak yutulabilir bolus haline getirilmesi olarak tanımlanan çiğneme, kemik, kas ve yumuşak dokular gibi birçok yapının koordinasyon içinde çalışmasını gerektirir. Çiğneme bozukluğunda doğru değerlendirme, olası nedenlerin tanımlanması ve hastaya özel tedavi yaklaşımının belirlenmesi için çiğnemede görevli yapıların, büyümeye bağlı değişikliklerin ve nörolojik kontrol mekanizmalarının iyi bilinmesi şarttır. Bu çalışmada tüm bu etmenlere dair bilgiler derlenmiştir.
‘The Making of an Investment’ in the Context of the Temporal Scope of Investment Treaty Protection. Does the Indian Metals & Ferro Alloys Ltd v. Republic of Indonesia Award of 29 March 2019 Constitute a Breakthrough?
Authors: Pyka Michał
Published: April 2021

This contribution deals with the question of the legal character of investment treaty claims, brought to international investment arbitration, when alleged breaches of investment treaty obligations towards an investor occurred after the entry into force of an investment treaty but before the making of an investment by an investor. The analysis of the existing legal framework allows for the conclusion that the said acts of a host state are generally excluded from the scope of investment treaty protection. An arbitral tribunal neither has jurisdiction over these acts nor is it allowed to apply substantive treaty provisions thereto. This conclusion stems from the principle of intertemporal law and numerous provisions of investment treaties constituting the implementation or modification of this principle. Nevertheless, an arbitral tribunal is not fully deprived of the possibility of considering the acts of a host state preceding the making of an investmentand undertaken before any activity of the future investor took place. It can consider them as evidence of the intent of a host state, acts creating legitimate expectations of an investor or acts constituting elements of what is termed a continuing act.
Keeping up Appearances: May the Law of International Responsibility be construed through the ‘Comparative Law’ Methods?
Authors: Augustyniak Łukasz
Published: April 2021

The article analyses the possible employment of comparative law methodology for the codification, progressive development and the interpretation of the law of international responsibility. It argues that ‘comparative law’ methodology should be used during this process as it would enhance the legitimacy and understanding of the work of the International Law Commission. The use of legal English involves the reference to common law ideas whether it is consciously admitted or not by the users of legal rules drafted in that language. This concept is presented by the reference to the way the language is used in the process of creating and interpreting rules in the area of international responsibility. It also plays an important role during the construction of multicultural internationallegal concepts within that field. Last but not least, the use of ‘comparative law’ seems to be an indispensable apparatus in the codification process in the area of international responsibility consisting of general principles of law and customary law. The ‘comparative law’ methods are invaluable tools for all those who take part in creation of international responsibility rules, as well as their application and interpretation.
The Pain and Irony of Death in Julian Barnes's Memoirs Nothing to Be Frightened Of and Levels of Life
Authors: Oró-Piqueras Maricel
Published: April 2021

Julian Barnes is one of the best-known contemporary British authors, not only for his taste for formal experimentation well-documented in the novels and short stories he has published since the 1980s, but also for his obsession with death. Despite the fact that death – as a prime concern expressed through his characters’ discussions, particularly when they are in their old age – has been present in most of Barnes fictional works, the topic becomes centre-stage in the two memoirs that he has published, namely, Nothing to Be Frightened Of (2008) and Levels of Life (2013). In his memoirs, Barnes connects his personal experience with the works of philosophers and writers and with the experiences of those around him with the aim of trying to discern how he himself and, by extension, his own contemporaries and Western society have dealt with death. For Barnes, writing becomes a therapy to confront his own existential fears as well as traumatic experiences – such as the sudden death of his wife as described in Levels of Life – at the same time that he reflects on the place death occupies in contemporary times.
A Winter in Bath, 1796-97: Life Writing and the Irish Adolescent Self
Authors: Prendergast Amy
Published: April 2021

The diary form affords multiple generations of women with a vehicle for expressing themselves, and is particularly germane to younger writers, developing a voice, and shaping a sense of self as they emerge from childhood. Charting her travels from Ireland to Bath, the manuscript diary (1796–97) of Charity Lecky is exceptionally useful in exploring intersections with other genres, particularly the novel, while also affording us with an adolescent’s observations on life, and on Bath as international marriage market. The categories of youth, gender, and nation all play strong roles in Charity’s evolving sense of self, and enable us to explore these intersections and how they can inform a young person’s sense of worth. Frequently dismissed by male contemporaries as preoccupied only with balls and marriage prospects, the voices of such figures were repeatedly marginalised. This article prioritises both these voices and the diary form itself, and fuses their legitimate interest in courtship with a concern and fascination with national identity, recognising the value of young women’s opinions, and demonstrating how we might better understand the evolution of personal identities through inclusion of such source material.
educação aprende com o homem a continuar o trabalho da vida
Authors: Cunha Daisy Moreira , Alves Wanderson Ferreira
Published: April 2021

O texto aborda algumas significativas formulações que, articulando trabalho e formação, se desenvolveram na Itália, na França e no Brasil em torno da temática da saúde do trabalhador. Assim, o artigo apresenta e discute algumas iniciativas que, em tempos e locais distintos, fortaleceram e fortalecem a noção de homem e mulher como sujeitos políticos, iniciativas que têm a particularidade – e que representa um fio condutor comum entre elas – de ter em primeiro plano o trabalhador, seu trabalho e seus saberes. Trata-se de um texto de natureza teórica e que articula as contribuições de diferentes áreas do conhecimento, como os estudos na área da saúde do trabalhador, da educação e da filosofia. O texto destaca que, se na educação popular parte-se da premissa que o trabalhador é, no sentido forte do termo, compreendido como sujeito dos processos no qual está inserido, o mesmo não ocorre quando se fala do trabalho no âmbito da relação salarial ou dos processos saúde e doença nos meios laborais. Todavia, há perspectivas que oferecem outra visada sobre a questão e possibilitam a construção de práticas contra-hegemônicas.
Educação popular e o discurso da economia política eurocêntrica
Authors: Tafuri Diogo Marques , Gonçalves Junior Luiz
Published: April 2021

Partindo de um posicionamento epistemológico que considere as práticas educativas para além das relações pedagógicas empreendidas no sistema educacional, e reconhecendo que conhecimentos são também edificados no interior de práticas sociais não escolares, este ensaio tem por objetivo fundamentar teoricamente os nexos estabelecidos entre as formas de agir e pensar economicamente dos grupos populares no bojo da elaboração histórico-cultural com a qual produzem simbólica e materialmente a própria existência, e o sistema de categorias advindo dos paradigmas da Economia Política moderna e eurocêntrica. Por meio da revisão de literatura relativa à temática, argumentamos sobre a relevância de tomarmos a ação econômica popular enquanto prática social conformadora dos modos como tais pessoas se educam para a vida. Realizando a reconstituição histórica dos fundamentos epistemológicos da Economia Política contemporânea, buscamos problematizar a natureza construída de tais experiências educativas a partir da existência e funcionamento de sistemas ideológicos historicamente estabelecidos. Por fim, tecemos algumas considerações acerca das práticas sociais populares e suas relações de saber-poder com a perspectiva eurocêntrica de modernidade.
Educação popular
Authors: Amaral Débora Monteiro do , Montrone Aida Victoria montrone Garcia
Published: April 2021

O presente ensaio apresenta a experiência realizada em uma pesquisa de doutorado efetuada em seis assentamentos do estado de São Paulo, de junho a outubro de 2012, onde a educação popular, para além de um referencial teórico, foi utilizada como referencial metodológico. Para isso, foram utilizados alguns autores da educação popular, com destaque à obra de Paulo Freire. Objetiva-se apresentar uma proposta de metodologia de pesquisa que fuja dos métodos tradicionais existentes, propondo um novo formato de investigação, considerando a colaboração, a solidariedade e a parceria entre sujeitos da pesquisa e pesquisadores. Nesta metodologia, mais que os resultados da pesquisa, o que se torna relevante são os processos educativos que acontecem ao longo do processo investigativo.
contribuição da educação popular para a reorientação das práticas e da política de saúde no Brasil
Authors: Vasconcelos Eymard Mourão , Vasconcelos Marcos Oliveira Dias , Silva Marísia Oliveira da
Published: April 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar a forma como a Educação Popular (EP) tem contribuído na reorientação das práticas e da política de saúde no Brasil. Trata-se de um trabalho de sistematização da reflexão teórica que vem acontecendo nos debates do movimento brasileiro de educação popular em saúde, iniciado na década de 1970, quando várias experiências de saúde comunitária começaram a ser organizadas, como parte do movimento de resistência à ditadura militar, buscando fortalecer a organização e a consciência crítica da sociedade civil. Nesse processo, muitos profissionais de saúde aproximaram-se da prática e da teoria da EP. Estas experiências criaram importantes referências práticas e teóricas para o processo de reforma do sistema de saúde iniciado na década de 1980. Com a criação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), a EP passou a orientar as atividades de muitos serviços e, posteriormente, a construção de formas de gestão mais participativas da política de saúde. Há um progressivo reconhecimento da importância da EP para a construção de uma integralidade mais radical na assistência à saúde e de uma promoção da saúde que contribua no fortalecimento da democracia e da justiça social. Assim, em 2013, foi aprovada a Política Nacional de Educação Popular em Saúde (PNEP-SUS).
Efectos de diferentes niveles de proteína y aminoácidos azufrados en el rendimiento productivo de gallinas ponedoras
Authors: Arquiñego-Alderete Edwin Gustavo , Cantaro-Segura Jose Luis , Cumpa-Gavidia Marcial Estanislao
Published: April 2021

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de tres niveles de proteína (15,0 %, 16,5 % y 18,0 %) y tres niveles de aminoácidos azufrados (0,71 %, 0,78 %, 0,86 %) sobre el comportamiento productivo y calidad de los huevos en gallinas. Se emplearon 216 gallinas de postura de la línea Hy-Line Brown de 25 semanas de edad, en la que los nueve tratamientos fueron distribuidos en un diseño completamente al azar con un arreglo factorial de 3 × 3, con una duración del experimento de 12 semanas. La mayor producción de huevos fue registrada en las aves alimentadas con 18,0 % de proteína bruta (PB), mientras que el mayor peso de huevo fue obtenido con 15,0 % de PB. La mayor ganancia de peso se obtuvo con las dietas que contenían 16,5 % de PB. A excepción de la ganancia de peso, no se observaron efectos significativos (p > 0,05) de los niveles de metionina + cistina sobre los factores estudiados, donde la mayor ganancia de peso se obtuvo con el nivel de metionina + cistina de 0,86 %. Las mayores retribuciones económicas se obtuvieron con los niveles de proteína y aminoácidos azufrados de 16,50 % y 0,71 % o 15,00 % y 0,86 %, respectivamente.
User Perspectives of Diet-Tracking Apps: Reviews Content Analysis and Topic Modeling
Authors: Zečević Mila , Mijatović Dejan , Kos Koklič Mateja , Žabkar Vesna , Gidaković Petar
Published: April 2021

Background

The availability and use of mobile apps in health and nutrition management are increasing. Ease of access and user friendliness make diet-tracking apps an important ally in their users’ efforts to lose and manage weight. To foster motivation for long-term use and to achieve goals, it is necessary to better understand users’ opinions and needs for dietary self-monitoring.

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the key topics and issues that users highlight in their reviews of diet-tracking apps on Google Play Store. Identifying the topics that users frequently mention in their reviews of these apps, along with the user ratings for each of these apps, allowed us to identify areas where further improvement of the apps could facilitate app use, and support users’ weight loss and intake management efforts.

Methods

We collected 72,084 user reviews from Google Play Store for 15 diet-tracking apps that allow users to track and count calories. After a series of text processing operations, two text-mining techniques (topic modeling and topical n-grams) were applied to the corpus of user reviews of diet-tracking apps.

Results

Using the topic modeling technique, 11 separate topics were extracted from the pool of user reviews. Most of the users providing feedback were generally satisfied with the apps they use (average rating of 4.4 out of 5 for the 15 apps). Most topics referred to the positive evaluation of the apps and their functions. Negatively rated topics mostly referred to app charges and technical difficulties encountered. We identified the positive and negative topic trigrams (3-word combinations) among the most frequently mentioned topics. Usability and functionality (tracking options) of apps were rated positively on average. Negative ratings were associated with trigrams related to adding new foods, technical issues, and app charges.

Conclusions

Motivating users to use an app over time could help them better achieve their nutrition goals. Although user reviews generally showed positive opinions and ratings of the apps, developers should pay more attention to users’ technical problems and inform users about expected payments, along with their refund and cancellation policies, to increase user loyalty.