bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penyisihan Kandungan Amonia dengan Stripper di Pabrik Ammonia
Authors: Jerry Jerry , Zulfikar Luthfi Muhammad , Nasyarudin Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Ammonia industrial waste treatment is part of the final process in the industry. Wastewater containing high ammonia content needs to be treated using a stripping process. This study to analysis the stripping process for ammonia waste treatment in the industry to obtain appropriate operating conditions and meet the wastewater standards issued by the Minister of the Environment. Data obtained during 10 days of operation were compared with the standards and analyzed for column efficiency. The results of the analysis showed that the waste output with a concentration of 13.9 - 49 ppm, a pH range of 8.7 - 9 and most of the waste discharge had met the standards, namely a maximum of 50 ppm and pH 6-9. The best gas-liquid ratio at the stripper inlet is 0.25 V / V and pressure has no significant effect on stripper efficiency.
BYOD Security Policy Model: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Abdul Halim Izzah Inani , Buja Alya Geogiana , Mohamad Zain Jasni , Ngah Abdul Hafaz , Bansal Rohit
Published: October 2024

In education sector, Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) Security Policy (BYOD-SP) was established as earlier in 2015 in foreign universities with the purpose to safeguard campus’s network, system and confidential data and information. BYOD-SP is one of the strategic planning launched, aims to achieve maximum security for personally owned device through BYOD phenomenon. BYOD-SP acts as an official documentation that describes the detailed explanation of each component for the BYOD users to abide to all the components’ requirement in BYOD-SP. In BYOD practice in education field, BYOD-SP must meet the education agenda where BYOD-SP need to be tailored following education strategic plans and eliminate potential attacks that might cause the universities in loss if BYOD-SP is launched without having a robust model to refer of its components. Hence, it is crucial as this will welcome unauthorized parties to get access, gain and steal campus corporate data in BYOD environment. This study aims to identify what the necessary components that could assist top management and policy makers to formulate the comprehensive BYOD-SP in future and BYOD can be one of mobile computing that being accepted to be practiced in secured environment. Existing studies were executed in many research designs, where the review fulfilled the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalyses (PRISMA) publishing standard. Two common online databases, World of Science (WOS) and Scopus were utilized to observe articles for this study purposes where a total of 16 articles published from 2013-2022 were reviewed to answer the formulated research questions on BYOD-SP. This review includes a topic based on the thematic analysis which is the components in drafting BYOD-SP documentation. The findings from this study proved four main components to be emphasized in tailoring BYOD-SP which are Device, Process, People and Jurisdiction/Law. The research’s findings here may drive the organization to have a reference model of BYOD-SP components and come out with the sturdy BYOD-SP to be adhered by all individuals in education premises. The top management in the organization need to involve in the procedures in each component of BYOD-SP to alleviate the case of security breach in BYOD activities.
Integrating Micro-Hydro and Solar PV in Rainwater Harvesting: A Hybrid Generation Approach
Authors: Mohd Salleh Muhammad Zafran , Mohd Nasir Mohamad Naim , Bohari Zul Hasrizal , Sulaima Mohamad Fani , Ahmad Emy Zairah , Baharom Mohamad Faizal , Soh Ping Jack
Published: October 2024

As the scarcity of water worsens and the frequency of severe weather increases, the efficient harvesting of rainwater becomes more critical. Despite its potential to conserve water and mitigate flooding, the integration of rainwater harvesting with solar PV and micro-hydro technologies remains underutilized in renewable energy production. A significant barrier to widespread adoption is the challenge of accurately quantifying energy generation and optimizing management practices. This project aims to address these issues by proposing a method to develop a rainwater harvesting system that integrates solar PV and micro-hydro technologies. The primary objective is to evaluate the practical performance of this hybrid system in driving applications such as irrigation and sanitation. The findings demonstrate that the integrated system outperforms conventional methods, suggesting its effectiveness in rainwater utilization as a renewable energy resource.
Thermal Performance Solar Flat Plate Collector and Influence of Flow Pipe Design
Authors: Abdulhassen Ali Ekhlas , Ali Hussein Rana , Nama Hawas Malik
Published: October 2024

Flat plate collectors are commonly utilized in both domestic and industrial applications to minimize energy consumption. In this study, solar flat plate collector (SFPC)) with corrugated flow pipe with ten turns placed over flat absorber plate and covered with single glass layer was fabricated and tested, in Al-Mussiab city, Babylon, Iraq (latitude 32.5◦N and longitude 44.3◦E). This research presents the effect flow pipe shape about the SFPC's thermal performance. The designed solar collector utilized employing of 12.5 mm-diameter corrugated copper tubing that extended 19500 mm in total length. According to different rates of water flow namely (50, 100, and 150 L/h). The results indicated that the working fluid's greatest temperature differential between the inlet and outlet of solar collector (12.9°C) at volumetric flow rate (50 L/h). The maximum thermal efficiency (Ƞth) rate of solar flat plate collector was (77%) at (150 L/ h). These results encourage the development of solar collector system and eventually help the sustainable use of solar power in home applications, including solar water heating system.
Peristaltic Flow of Jeffrey Fluid in an Inclined Porous Tube with Multi-Thrombosis
Authors: Vamsidar Thamatam , Gannamaraju Krishna Kumari , Mamidi Narsimha Raja Shekar
Published: October 2024

The fact that multiple thrombosis opposes blood flow and flow is rare in blood vessels is refined to a normal condition with catheter application. The inner surface of the circular blood arteries may not be smooth in the majority of diseased instances. Additionally, the small blood vessel peristalsis mechanism is formed. In this paper, we discuss a mathematical model for the flow of biological fluid (blood) in a circular tube with multi-thrombosis considered under peristaltic wave propagation. The blood flow in this tube is restricted due to the many thromboses present, and the flow is redesigned with the aid of a catheter. We model this non-Newtonian blood flow issue for Jeffrey fluid. In most pathological cases, the inner surface of the circular blood vessels may not be smooth. Further, the mechanism of the peristalsis is established for small blood vessels. Because of this biological phenomenon, the peristaltic movement of Jeffrey fluid in a porous annulus with slip is examined. Equations that govern energy and momentum are solved exactly, and graphical interpretation is made using mathematical software. Streamline graphs show the many thromboses that increase in height. The wall shear stress graphs show a sinusoidally advancing wave with peaks and dips of different amplitudes. This tube's unique crest and trough amplitude are caused by the presence of multiple thromboses. We obtained the impact of the pressure gradient on the permeability parameter (β). The pressure gradient falls as the permeability parameter rises.
REFUGIADOS E MIGRANTES FORÇADOS NA ATUALIDADE: o “direito a ter direitos”
Authors: Martins Côrtes Tiago , Moreira Soares Gerhardt Manuela
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo propõe uma investigação sobre como o conceito de "direito a ter direitos" pode ser aplicado à situação contemporânea dos refugiados e migrantes forçados. O número crescente de deslocamentos de populações, impulsionado por conflitos armados, violação dos direitos humanos e crises socioeconômicas, representa um dos desafios mais urgentes para a comunidade internacional. No contexto dessa problemática, a expressão "direito a ter direitos", cunhada pela filósofa política Hannah Arendt em seu trabalho seminal "Origens do Totalitarismo", ganha uma nova dimensão ao ser aplicada ao caso dos refugiados e migrantes forçados na atualidade. Assim, a presente pesquisa espera contribuir para a compreensão teórica e prática das complexidades envolvidas nas questões de migração forçada e direitos humanos na sociedade atual. Em seu aspecto metodológico a presente pesquisa qualitativa vai utilizar a revisão de bibliografia, principalmente a análise de legislação acerca do tema, assim como de literatura, artigos e notícias.
PROPRIEDADE PRIVADA URBANA À LUZ DA FUNÇÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Matielo Dragonetti Beatriz , Os Santos Domiciano Antonelli Hellen d
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo visa analisar a função social da propriedade urbana, para tanto buscou-se compreender a evolução da concepção de propriedade, principalmente no tocante à relação entre propriedade, proprietário e a sociedade. Delineou-se a propriedade urbana privada numa análise desde a sua evolução histórica, suas faculdades e seus contornos, chegando na esfera de suas relações com os demais direitos da pessoa humana. E, ponderou-se sobre a propriedade privada urbana à luz da função social no âmbito da Constituição Federal, num estudo sobre a evolução desse instituto e sua aplicação. Estudos que desencadearam no questionamento aventado no presente trabalho: panorama atual da função social da propriedade urbana. Motivo pelo qual buscou-se além da análise no campo Constitucional a sua abordagem no Código Civil e Plano Diretor do Município de São Paulo. Adotou-se na pesquisa a metodologia referência bibliográfica, utilizando-se de livros, artigos e obras que versam a respeito do tema ora estudado, da legislação brasileira e jurisprudência.
A NATUREZA JURÍDICA DO DIREITO DE IMAGEM E DIREITO DE ARENA DO ATLETA PROFISSIONAL DE FUTEBOL: a remuneração do atleta de futebol ligado a estes institutos
Authors: Meneses Cabral Nuria Micheline , Ferreira Lima Vitor Hugo
Published: October 2024

Este projeto científico abordou os aspectos inerentes ao direito de imagem e arena no tocante à suas naturezas jurídicas e aplicação na prática na relação entre atleta e clube desportivo. A abordagem deste tema é de grande relevância, pois se trata da tutela dos direitos de uma das classes de profissionais em maior evidência na atualidade, os jogadores de futebol, tais que, por estarem expostos, muitas vezes ficam a mercê e desamparados de garantias que lhes pertencem. A mesma exposição que lhes deixam a mercê é a qual a cada vez mais faz com que seja necessária novas leis e adaptações para que seja garantido o direito do atleta. O direito de imagem e arena são bem parecidos, porém se diferem quanto ao objeto. O direito de imagem é um direito de todo cidadão, sendo abordado por ele a proibição da divulgação da imagem de uma pessoa sem a autorização expressa, já o direito de arena, se qualifica quanto a transmissão da imagem de quem participa de um espetáculo, no caso, competições ou jogos de futebol. Portanto, a tutela destes direitos se faz necessária bem como a divulgação destes, vez que muitas das vezes não observados por falta de informação.
Impostor syndrome among Ecuadorian women in the labour market
Authors: Cervantes Gilbert Adriana
Published: October 2024

This article deals with the impostor syndrome in Ecuadorian women in the labour market, highlighting its impact on professional development and emotional well-being. The literature review analyses its definition, causes and manifestations, as well as its effect on decision-making and labour relations. A qualitative methodology was used for data collection, including a documentary review and interviews with experts to gain an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon. In this sense, the importance of addressing this syndrome to promote gender equality, well-being at work and productivity is highlighted.
Comparative Study and Simulation of ADC Using MATLAB/SIMULINK
Authors: N. Amhamad Youssef. , AHMED ALMUKHTAR
Published: October 2024

Digital systems play an important role in science and engineering field due to high noise immunity,high accuracy and required less space for data storage. And since all physical quantities are available in analog form so we need device which convert these quantities into digital one this device is called analog to digital converter (ADC).In this paper we present and simulate model for ADC using MATLAB/SIMULINK .
Building Upon “Foundationalism” to Achieve the Objectives of Contemporary Science: How this can Lead to Faster Scientific Progress and Inclusive Science
Authors: Rao Mandavilli Sujay
Published: October 2024

This paper is one of our most important ones in the core philosophy of science, and one that we expect to stand science in extremely good stead as well. We believe this can move the needle and push the envelope as well, and lead us to what we have always called “scientific progress at the speed of light”. We naturally commence this paper by tracing the history of the term “foundationalism” itself, right from the time of the Ancient Greeks, renaissance and enlightenment thinkers, and finally to the modern and contemporary ones. Types of foundationalism such as strong and weak foundationalism, modest foundationalism, and then finally anti-foundationalism, internalism and externalism are also discussed and dissected threadbare along with allied and related concepts such as circular logic and reasoning, regress and infinite regress, all of which form a part of epistemology. The core concepts forming a part of this paper such as forward linkages, backward linkages, and traceability matrices are also discussed. We follow this up with the core principles of this paper, and discuss the ideal and recommended direction of research, including the ideal nature of research, primary research, secondary research, basic and applied research, and cross-cultural collaboration including vertical and horizontal collaboration as well. This paper is also much more importantly linked to our papers on sociocultural change, pedagogy, scientific methods, and other papers in the social sciences for maximum impact and efficacy. It is therefore an important part and parcel of our globalization of science movement, and one that will help realize our overall goals and mission greatly.
A Study of Algorithms for the p th Root of Matrix
Authors: Ulhas Baban Langote , Prashant P. Mulay
Published: October 2024

Some results for Pth root of square matrix are revived. It shows that matrix sign function and Wiener- Hopf factorization plays important role in Pth root of matrix. Some new algorithms for computing P th root numerically can design by these results. We can analyze Stability properties of iterative methods for convergence.
Numerical Integration Techniques: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bin Masud Md. Abdullah , Nesa Shimi Faijun , Chandra Gope Rathindra
Published: October 2024

Numerical integration is a fundamental concept in computational mathematics and plays a crucial role in various scientific and engineering disciplines. This paper provides a comprehensive review of numerical integration techniques, their applications, comparative analysis, and conclusions. The discussed methods include the trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Gaussian quadrature, and Widdle’s method methods. The accuracy, efficiency, and limitations of each method are evaluated through theoretical analysis and practical examples.
Results of Pap Smear in Females Who are Actively Reproducing in Outlying Medical Centers at Parachinar
Authors: Mehboob Memoona , Rehman Farhat , Fatima Sereen , Israr Mohammad , Ali Ammad
Published: October 2024

Objective: To ascertain the prevalence of different cervical abnormalities in connection t pap smear results with age distribution of patient.  Method The demographic makeup of the study population was deduced by calculating the percentages of patients in each age group. Numerous diseases were also identified using the results of the Pap smear test, and percentages associated with each diagnosis were computed. This methodology made it possible to thoroughly analyze the participants' diagnoses and age distribution, which revealed trends in cervical health. One hundred participants in all had Pap smears performed as part of the study. Four age groups were established based on the age distribution data gathered: 18–25, 25–35, 35–45, and 45–55 years old.  Result The majority of participants (37%) were found to be between the ages of 25 and 35, while there was a wide variation of participant ages overall. Pap smear tests are crucial for identifying potentially malignant or precancerous diseases, as evidenced by the majority of patients (71%) receiving a diagnosis of cancer or intraepithelial lesions. There was also representation from the following age groups: 18–25 (9%), 35–45 (28%), and 45–55 (4%). Four percent of the cases had atypical squamous cell lesions, two percent had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, and one percent had high-grade lesions.  Conclusion These findings advance customized screening programs and therapies aimed at specific age groups and diagnostic categories as well as our knowledge of cervical health patterns. People who are fertile should definitely get screened for cervical cancer because the age group of 25 to 35 accounts for a substantial portion of diagnoses. The importance of Pap smear testing for early identification and preventive medicine is underscored by the prevalence of intraepithelial lesions or cancer.
Heavy Metal Analysis Using Inductively Couple Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) on Hair of Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Makruf Amar , Al Jannah Zahrah , Dwi Fitriani Liani , Setia Budi Wahyu , Nawangsih Christina , Hidayanto Eko , Andriyanti Wiwien , Rabi’atul Adabiah Suhadah , Rukmana Wikanta Edmond
Published: October 2024

Heavy metals can be found in everyday environments and can enter the human body through food, water, and air. Heavy metals are categorized into three groups by the World Health Organization (WHO): essential elements such as Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Cobalt (Co), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn); potentially essential elements like Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni); and potentially toxic elements such as Cadmium (Cd) and Lead. (Pb). The heavy metal is a systemic poison that causes organ dysfunction in humans. The aim of this research is to analyze the levels of heavy metal elements Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Zinc (Zn) in the hair of breast cancer patients. The method used to measure heavy metal content is Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optical Emission Spectrometry. (ICP-OES). The levels of heavy metal elements Cu, Fe, and Zn in five hair samples from breast cancer patients differ from the standards GBW07601 and IAEA-086. The levels of Cu and Fe in breast cancer patients are lower than the standard, while the level of Zn is higher than the standard.
Uterine Prolapse: A Literature Review
Authors: Deepa R.
Published: October 2024

Uterine prolapse is a condition where the uterus slips out of its normal position. 35-60 % of women those who have given birth developed uterine prolapse, Surgery is often required to treat uterine prolapse, but unfortunately, and up to 35% of those who undergo surgery will require repeat surgery. Uterine prolapse can occur even after a hysterectomy, which suggests that the current surgical management may not be effective in all cases. The prevalence of uterine prolapse is likely to increase with increasing life expectancy, as women live longer and are more likely to experience symptoms associated with aging. There are two main types of uterine prolapse: Incomplete prolapse: the uterus slips partway into the vagina, creating a limp or bulge. Complete prolapse: the uterus slips so far out of place that some of the tissue drops outside of the vagina. Uterine prolapse is one type of pelvic organ prolapse, which is a condition where one or more of the organs in the pelvis (such as the uterus, bladder, or rectum) slip out of their normal position. It’s great that you're highlighting the importance of finding more effective treatments for uterine prolapse, as it can significantly impact a woman's quality of life.
Theia 456: Tidally Shredding an Open Cluster
Authors: Tregoning Kyle R. , Andrews Jeff J. , Agüeros Marcel A. , Cargile Phillip A. , Chanamé Julio , Curtis Jason L. , Schuler Simon C.
Published: October 2024

The application of clustering algorithms to the Gaia astrometric catalog has revolutionized our census of stellar populations in the milky Way, including the discovery of many new dispersed structures. We focus on one such structure, Theia 456 (COIN-Gaia-13), a loosely bound collection of ∼320 stars spanning ∼120 pc that has previously been shown to exhibit kinematic, chemical, and gyrochronal coherency, indicating a common origin. We obtain follow-up radial velocities and supplement these with Gaia astrometry to perform an in-depth dynamical analysis of Theia 456. By integrating stellar orbits through a Milky Way potential, we find the currently dispersed structure coalesced into a small cluster in the past. Via Bayesian modeling, we derive a kinematic age of 245 ± 3 Myr (statistical), a half-mass–radius of 9 ± 2 pc, and an initial one-dimensional velocity dispersion of 0.14 ± 0.02 km s−1. Our results are entirely independent of model isochrones, details of stellar evolution, and internal cluster dynamics, and the statistical precision in our age derivation rivals that of the most precise age-dating techniques known today, though our imperfect knowledge of the Milky Way potential and simple spherical model for Theia 456 at birth add additional uncertainties. Using posterior predictive checking, we confirm these results are robust under reasonable variations to the Milky Way potential. Such low-density structures that are disrupted by the Galactic tides before virializing may be ubiquitous, signifying that Theia 456 is a valuable benchmark for studying the dynamical history of stellar populations in the Milky Way.
Simulating Brown Dwarf Observations for Various Mass Functions, Birthrates, and Low-mass Cutoffs
Authors: Raghu Yadukrishna , Kirkpatrick J. Davy , Marocco Federico , Gelino Christopher R. , Bardalez Gagliuffi Daniella C. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Schurr Steven D. , Schneider Adam C. , Meisner Aaron M. , Kuchner Marc J. , Brooks Hunter , Grigorian Jake ,   The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration
Published: October 2024

After decades of brown dwarf discovery and follow-up, we can now infer the functional form of the mass distribution within 20 pc, which serves as a constraint on star formation theory at the lowest masses. Unlike objects on the main sequence that have a clear luminosity-to-mass correlation, brown dwarfs lack a correlation between an observable parameter (luminosity, spectral type, or color) and mass. A measurement of the brown dwarf mass function must therefore be procured through proxy measurements and theoretical models. We utilize various assumed forms of the mass function, together with a variety of birthrate functions, low-mass cutoffs, and theoretical evolutionary models, to build predicted forms of the effective temperature distribution. We then determine the best fit of the observed effective temperature distribution to these predictions, which in turn reveals the most likely mass function. We find that a simple power law (

dN

/

dM
∝

M

−
α

) with α ≈ 0.5 is optimal. Additionally, we conclude that the low-mass cutoff for star formation is ≲0.005 M
⊙. We corroborate the findings of Burgasser, which state that the birthrate has a far lesser impact than the mass function on the form of the temperature distribution, but we note that our alternate birthrates tend to favor slightly smaller values of α than the constant birthrate. Our code for simulating these distributions is publicly available. As another use case for this code, we present findings on the width and location of the subdwarf temperature gap by simulating distributions of very old (8–10 Gyr) brown dwarfs.
slick: Modeling a Universe of Molecular Line Luminosities in Hydrodynamical Simulations
Authors: Garcia Karolina , Narayanan Desika , Popping Gergö , Anirudh R. , Sutherland Sagan , Kaasinen Melanie
Published: October 2024

We present slick (the Scalable Line Intensity Computation Kit), a software package that calculates realistic CO, [C i], and [C ii] luminosities for clouds and galaxies formed in hydrodynamic simulations. Built on the radiative transfer code despotic, slick computes the thermal, radiative, and statistical equilibrium in concentric zones of model clouds, based on their physical properties and individual environments. We validate our results by applying slick to the high-resolution run of the Simba simulations, testing the derived luminosities against empirical and theoretical/analytic relations. To simulate the line emission from a universe of emitting clouds, we have incorporated random forest machine learning (ML) methods into our approach, allowing us to predict cosmologically evolving properties of CO, [C i], and [C ii] emission from galaxies such as luminosity functions. We tested this model in 100,000 gas particles, and 2500 galaxies, reaching an average accuracy of ∼99.8% for all lines. Finally, we present the first model light cones created with realistic and ML-predicted CO, [C i], and [C ii] luminosities in cosmological hydrodynamical simulations, from z = 0 to z = 10.
The Galaxy Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS). IV. Exploring Ionized Gas Outflows in Central Kiloparsec Regions of GATOS Seyferts
Authors: Zhang Lulu , Packham Chris , Hicks Erin K. S. , Davies Ric I. , Shimizu Taro T. , Alonso-Herrero Almudena , Hermosa Muñoz Laura , García-Bernete Ismael , Pereira-Santaella Miguel , Audibert Anelise , López-Rodríguez Enrique , Bellocchi Enrica , Bunker Andrew J. , Combes Francoise , Díaz-Santos Tanio , Gandhi Poshak , García-Burillo Santiago , García-Lorenzo Begoña , González-Martín Omaira , Imanishi Masatoshi , Labiano Alvaro , Leist Mason T. , Levenson Nancy A. , Ramos Almeida Cristina , Ricci Claudio , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Rosario David J. , Stalevski Marko , Ward Martin J. , Esparza-Arredondo Donaji , Delaney Dan , Fuller Lindsay , Haidar Houda , Hönig Sebastian , Izumi Takuma , Rouan Daniel
Published: October 2024

Utilizing JWST MIRI/Medium Resolution Spectrograph integral field unit observations of the kiloparsec-scale central regions, we showcase the diversity of ionized gas distributions and kinematics in six nearby Seyfert galaxies included in the GATOS survey. Specifically, we present spatially resolved flux distribution and velocity field maps of six ionized emission lines covering a large range of ionization potentials (15.8–97.1 eV). Based on these maps, we showcase the evidence of ionized gas outflows in the six targets, and find some highly disturbed regions in NGC 5728, NGC 5506, and ESO137-G034. We propose active galactic nucleus (AGN)-driven radio jets plausibly play an important role in triggering these highly disturbed regions. With the outflow rates estimated based on [Ne V] emission, we find the six targets tend to have ionized outflow rates converged to a narrower range than the previous finding. These results have an important implication for the outflow properties in AGN of comparable luminosity.
The Effects of Cooling on Boundary Layer Accretion
Authors: Dittmann Alexander J.
Published: October 2024

In many cases accretion proceeds from disks onto planets, stars, white dwarfs, and neutron stars via a boundary layer, a region of intense shear where gas transitions from a near-Keplerian speed to that of the surface. These regions are not susceptible to the common magnetorotational and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, and instead global modes generated by supersonic shear instabilities are a leading candidate to govern transport in these regions. This work investigates the dynamics of these systems under a range of thermodynamic conditions, surveying both disk sound speeds and cooling rates. Very fast and very slow cooling have little effect on wave dynamics: In the fast-cooling limit, waves propagate in an effectively isothermal manner, and in the slow-cooling limit, wave propagation is effectively adiabatic. However, when the cooling timescale is comparable to the wave period, wave damping becomes extreme. In cases with intermediate cooling rates, mass and angular momentum transport can be suppressed by orders of magnitude compared to isothermal and uncooled cases. Cooling in accretion disks leads to a preference for wavenumbers near and below the Mach number of the disk; the corresponding lower frequencies can (in nonisothermal systems) couple to gravity modes within the star, potentially driving low-frequency variability such as dwarf nova and quasi-periodic oscillations in accreting systems.
ODIN: Improved Narrowband Lyα Emitter Selection Techniques for z = 2.4, 3.1, and 4.5
Authors: Firestone Nicole M. , Gawiser Eric , Ramakrishnan Vandana , Lee Kyoung-Soo , Valdes Francisco , Park Changbom , Yang Yujin , Ciardullo Robin , Artale María Celeste , Benda Barbara , Broussard Adam , Eid Lana , Farooq Rameen , Gronwall Caryl , Guaita Lucia , Gwyn Stephen , Hwang Ho Seong , Im Sang Hyeok , Jeong Woong-Seob , Karthikeyan Shreya , Lang Dustin , Moon Byeongha , Padilla Nelson , Sawicki Marcin , Seo Eunsuk , Singh Akriti , Song Hyunmi , Troncoso Iribarren Paulina
Published: October 2024

Lyman-alpha-emitting galaxies (LAEs) are typically young, low-mass, star-forming galaxies with little extinction from interstellar dust. Their low dust attenuation allows their Lyα emission to shine brightly in spectroscopic and photometric observations, providing an observational window into the high-redshift Universe. Narrowband surveys reveal large, uniform samples of LAEs at specific redshifts that probe large-scale structure and the temporal evolution of galaxy properties. The One-hundred-deg2 DECam Imaging in Narrowbands (ODIN) utilizes three custom-made narrowband filters on the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) to discover LAEs at three equally spaced periods in cosmological history. In this paper, we introduce the hybrid-weighted double-broadband continuum estimation technique, which yields improved estimation of Lyα equivalent widths. Using this method, we discover 6032, 5691, and 4066 LAE candidates at z = 2.4, 3.1, and 4.5 in the extended COSMOS field (∼9 deg2). We find that [O ii] emitters are a minimal contaminant in our LAE samples, but that interloping Green Pea–like [O iii] emitters are important for our redshift 4.5 sample. We introduce an innovative method for identifying [O ii] and [O iii] emitters via a combination of narrowband excess and galaxy colors, enabling their study as separate classes of objects. We present scaled median stacked spectral energy distributions for each galaxy sample, revealing the overall success of our selection methods. We also calculate rest-frame Lyα equivalent widths for our LAE samples and find that the EW distributions are best fit by exponential functions with scale lengths of w
0 = 53 ± 1, 65 ± 1, and 59 ± 1 Å, respectively.
Lyα Profile Shape as an Escape-fraction Diagnostic at High Redshift
Authors: Pahl Anthony , Shapley Alice , Steidel Charles C. , Reddy Naveen A. , Chen Yuguang , Rudie Gwen C.
Published: October 2024

While the shape of the Lyα profile is viewed as one of the best tracers of ionizing-photon escape fraction (f
esc) within low-redshift (z ∼ 0.3) surveys of the Lyman continuum, this connection remains untested at high redshift. Here, we combine deep, rest-UV Keck/LRIS spectra of 80 objects from the Keck Lyman Continuum Spectroscopic Survey with rest-optical Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy in order to examine potential correlations between Lyα profile shape and the escape of ionizing radiation within z ∼ 3 star-forming galaxies. We measure the velocity separation between double-peaked Lyα emission structure (v
sep), between red-side Lyα emission peaks and systemic (v
Lyα,red), and between red-side emission peaks and low-ionization interstellar absorption lines (v
Lyα−LIS). We find that the IGM-corrected ratio of ionizing to nonionizing flux density is significantly higher in KLCS objects with lower v
Lyα,red. We find no significant trend between measures of ionizing-photon escape and v
Lyα−LIS. We compare our results to measurements of z ∼ 0.3 “Green Peas” from the literature and find that KLCS objects have larger v
sep at fixed v
Lyα,red, larger f
esc at fixed v
Lyα,red, and higher v
Lyα,red overall than z ∼ 0.3 analogs. We conclude that the Lyα profile shapes of our high-redshift sources are fundamentally different, and that measurements of profile shape such as v
Lyα,red map on to f
esc in different ways. We caution against building reionization-era f
esc diagnostics based purely on Lyα profiles of low-redshift dwarf galaxies. Tracing v
sep, v
Lyα,red, and f
esc in a larger sample of z ∼ 3 galaxies will reveal how these variables may be connected for galaxies at the epoch of reionization.
Formation of GW230529 from Isolated Binary Evolution
Authors: Zhu Jin-Ping , Hu Rui-Chong , Kang Yacheng , Zhang Bing , Tong Hui , Shao Lijing , Qin Ying
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we explore the formation of the mass-gap black hole-neutron star (mgBHNS) merger detected in gravitational wave (GW) event, i.e., GW230529, from the isolated binary evolution channel, and study potential signatures of its electromagnetic counterparts. By adopting the “delayed” supernova prescription and reasonable model realizations, our population synthesis simulation results can simultaneously match the rate densities of mgBHNS and total BHNS mergers inferred from the population analyses, along with the population distribution of the BH mass in BHNS mergers reported by the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA Collaboration. Because GW230529 contributes significantly to the inferred mgBHNS rate densities, we suggest that GW230529 can be explained through the isolated binary evolution channel. Considering the AP4 (DD2) equation of state, the probability that GW230529 can make tidal disruption is 12.8% (63.2%). If GW230529 is a disrupted event, its kilonova peak apparent magnitude is predicted ∼23–24 mag, and hence, can be detected by the present survey projects and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. Since GW230529 could be an off-axis event inferred from the GW observation, its associated gamma-ray burst (GRB) might be too dim to be observed by γ-ray detectors, interpreting the lack of GRB observations. Our study suggests the existence of mgBHNS mergers formed through the isolated binary evolution channel due to the discovery of GW230529, indicating that BHNS mergers are still likely to be multimessenger sources that emit GWs, GRBs, and kilonovae. Although mgBHNS mergers account for ∼50% of the cosmological BHNS population, we find that ≳90% of disrupted BHNS mergers are expected to originate from mgBHNS mergers.
The Effects of Turbulence on Heliosheath Ions and Implications for Energetic Neutral Atoms
Authors: Du Senbei , Opher Merav , Giacalone Joe , Guo Fan , Richardson John D. , Zieger Bertalan
Published: October 2024

The distribution of ions in the heliosheath—the region between the heliospheric termination shock and the heliopause—is important for understanding remote observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs). The ion distributions were estimated previously based on hybrid simulations of the heating and evolution of solar wind and interstellar pickup ions across the solar wind termination shock, but these estimates only provide the distributions near the shock. In this work, we use self-consistent hybrid kinetic simulations to investigate the effects of turbulence on ion distributions in the heliosheath. The simulations are compared against Voyager observations, constraining the feasible amplitude and compressibility of turbulence. We find that the heating due to turbulent dissipation can lead to a significant increase in the temperature of thermal solar wind ions. Both turbulent velocity fluctuations and the heating of solar wind ions increase the charge-exchange source for ENAs at low energies (around 100 eV), where current ENA models underpredict observations by more than an order of magnitude. However, the effects of turbulence are likely not strong enough to fully explain these discrepancies.
Shock-induced Partial Alignment in Geometrically Thick Tilted Accretion Disks Around Black Holes
Authors: Gupta Sajal , Dexter Jason
Published: October 2024

We carry out idealized three-dimensional general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of prograde, weakly magnetized, and geometrically thick accretion flows where the gas distribution is misaligned from the black hole (BH) spin axis. We evolve the disk for three BH spins: a = 0.5, 0.75, and 0.9375, and we contrast them with a standard aligned disk simulation with a = 0.9375. The tilted disks achieve a warped and twisted steady-state structure, with the outer disk misaligning further away from the BH and surpassing the initial 24° misalignment. However, closer to the BH, there is evidence of partial alignment, as the inclination angle decreases with radius in this regime. Standing shocks also emerged in proximity to the BH, roughly at ∼6 gravitational radii. We show that these shocks act to partially align the inner disk with the BH spin. The rate of alignment increases with increasing BH spin magnitude, but in all cases is insufficient to fully align the gas before it accretes. Additionally, we present a toy model of orbit crowding that can predict the location of the shocks in moderate-to-fast rotating BHs, illustrating a potential physical origin for the behavior seen in simulations—with possible applications in determining the positions of shocks in real misaligned astrophysical systems.
A Close Pair of Orbiters Embedded in a Gaseous Disk: The Repulsive Effect
Authors: Sánchez-Salcedo F. J. , Masset F. S. , Cornejo S.
Published: October 2024

We develop a theoretical framework and use 2D hydrodynamical simulations to study the repulsive effect between two close orbiters embedded in an accretion disk. We consider orbiters on fixed Keplerian orbits with masses low enough to open shallow gaps. The simulations indicate that the repulsion is larger for more massive orbiters and decreases with the orbital separation and the disk’s viscosity. We use two different assumptions to derive theoretical scaling relations for the repulsion. A first scenario assumes that each orbiter absorbs the angular momentum deposited in its horseshoe region by the companion’s wake. A second scenario assumes that the corotation torques of the orbiters are modified because the companion changes the underlying radial gradient of the disk surface density. We find a substantial difference between the predictions of these two scenarios. The first one fails to reproduce the scaling of the repulsion with the disk viscosity and generally overestimates the strength of the repulsion. The second scenario, however, gives results that are broadly consistent with those obtained in the simulations.
Anatomy of the Star Formation in a Tidally Disturbed Disk Galaxy: NGC 3718
Authors: Watts Chandan , Das Mousumi , Barway Sudhanshu
Published: October 2024

We present a UV, optical, and near-IR study of the star-forming complexes in the nearby peculiar galaxy NGC 3718, using Ultraviolet Imaging telescope, Galaxy Evolution Explorer, Spitzer, and DECam Legacy Survey imaging data. The galaxy has a disturbed optical morphology owing to the multiple tidal arms, the warped disk, and the prominent curved dust lanes, but in the near-IR it appears to be a bulge-dominated galaxy. Its disturbed morphology makes it an excellent case to study star formation in a tidally disturbed galaxy that may have undergone a recent minor merger. To study the distribution and properties of the star-forming clumps (SFCs), we divided the galaxy within the R
25 (B band) radius into three parts—the upper, central, and lower regions. Using the UV band images, we investigated the warped star-forming disk, the extended tidal arms, and the distribution and sizes of the 182 SFCs. Their distribution is 49, 60, and 73 in the galaxy’s upper, central, and lower regions, respectively. We determined the UV color, star formation rates (SFRs), star formation density (ΣSFR), and ages of the SFCs. The central disk of the galaxy has a larger mean ΣSFR that is ∼3.3 and ∼1.6 times higher than the upper and lower regions, respectively. We also find that the SFCs in the central disk are older than those in the tidal arms. Our study thus shows that minor mergers can trigger the inside-out growth of galaxy disks, where the younger SFCs are in outer tidal arms and not in the inner disk.
Core Formation by Binary Scouring and Gravitational Wave Recoil in Massive Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Khonji Nader , Gualandris Alessia , Read Justin I. , Dehnen Walter
Published: October 2024

Scouring by supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries is the most accepted mechanism for the formation of the cores seen in giant elliptical galaxies. However, an additional mechanism is required to explain the largest observed cores. Gravitational-wave (GW) recoil is expected to trigger further growth of the core, as subsequent heating from dynamical friction of the merged SMBH removes stars from the central regions. We model core formation in massive elliptical galaxies from both binary scouring and heating by GW recoil and examine their unique signatures. We aim to determine whether the nature of cores in 3D space density can be attributed uniquely to either process and whether the magnitude of the kick can be inferred. We perform N-body simulations of galactic mergers of multicomponent galaxies, based on the observed parameters of four massive elliptical galaxies with cores >0.5 kpc. After binary scouring and hardening, the merged SMBH remnant is given a range of GW recoil kicks with 0.5–0.9 of the escape speed of the galaxy. We find that binary scouring alone can form the cores of NGC 1600 and A2147-BCG, which are <1.3 kpc in size. However, the >2 kpc cores in NGC 6166 and A2261-BCG require heating from GW recoil kicks of <0.5 of the galaxy escape speed. A unique feature of GW recoil heating is flatter cores in surface brightness, corresponding to truly flat cores in 3D space density. It also preferentially removes stars on low angular momentum orbits from the galactic nucleus.
A VLA Study of Newly Discovered Southern Latitude Nonthermal Filaments in the Galactic Center: Polarimetric and Magnetic Field Properties
Authors: Paré Dylan M. , Lang Cornelia C. , Morris Mark R.
Published: October 2024

A population of structures unique to the Galactic Center (GC), known as the nonthermal filaments (NTFs), has been studied for over 40 yr, but much remains unknown about them. In particular, there is no widely accepted and unified understanding for how the relativistic electrons illuminating these structures are generated. One possibility is that there are compact and extended sources of cosmic rays, which then diffuse along magnetic flux tubes leading to the illumination of the NTFs through synchrotron emission. In this work, we present and discuss the polarimetric distributions associated with a set of faint NTFs in the GC that have only been studied in total intensity previously. We compare the derived polarized intensity, rotation measure, and intrinsic magnetic field distributions for these structures with the results obtained for previously observed GC NTFs. The results are then used to enhance our understanding of the large-scale polarimetric properties of the GC. We then use the derived polarimetric distributions to constrain models for the mechanisms generating the relativistic electrons that illuminate these structures.
The Clearing Timescale for Infrared-selected Star Clusters in M83 with HST
Authors: Deshmukh Suyash , Linden Sean T. , Calzetti Daniela , Adamo Angela , Messa Matteo , Grasha Kathryn , Sabbi Elena , Smith Linda , Johnson Kelsey E.
Published: October 2024

We present an analysis of Hubble Space Telescope data from Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)/Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer, WFC3/IR, and the Advanced Camera for Surveys, investigating the young stellar cluster (YSC) population in the face-on spiral galaxy M83. Within the field of view of the IR pointings, we identify 454 sources with compact F814W continuum and Paβ line emission with a S/N ≥ 3 as possible YSC candidates embedded in dust. We refine this selection to 97 candidates based on their spectral energy distributions, multiwavelength morphology, and photometric uncertainties. For sources that are detected in all bands and have mass >102.8
M
⊙ (53 sources), we find that by 2 Myr 75% of IR-selected star clusters have an A

V
≤ 1 and that by 3 Myr the fraction rises to ∼82%. This evidence of early clearing implies that presupernova (pre-SN) feedback from massive stars is responsible for clearing the majority of the natal gas and dust that surround IR-selected star clusters in M83. Further, this result is consistent with previous estimates based on WFC3 observations and adds to the growing body of literature suggesting pre-SN feedback to be crucial for YSC emergence in normal star-forming galaxies. Finally, we find a weak correlation between the YSC concentration index and age over the first 10 Myr, which matches previous studies and indicates little or no change in the size of YSCs in M83 during their early evolution.
Segmenting RFI Using Meta’s Segment Anything Model
Authors: Deal Derod , Jagannathan Preshanth
Published: October 2024

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI), radio signals from electronics, permeates through astronomical observations using radio telescopes. The interference results in lower sensitivity and higher noise when present. Existing methods, such as TFCrop and RFlag, flag RFI to prevent the contamination of observations. However, these approaches are partially automatic and require manual input to flag RFI. We explore artificial intelligence methods using Meta’s Segment Anything Model (SAM) and its parameter space in segmenting RFI. We have developed an open-source pipeline called SamRFI, which segments and flags RFI from measurement sets. We trained SAM’s masking weights from Hugging Face to fine-tune the model using Very Large Array data and synthetic waterfall plots injected with RFI. We define a metric, calcquality, to measure the performance of our models based on sensitivity and overflagging. Retrained SAM models identify RFI structure and allow for further exploration in RFI segmentation.