bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical blood glucose non-invasive detection and its research progress
Authors: Peng Zhiqing , Yang Zhuanqing
Published: September 2024

Optical detection technology can indirectly detect blood glucose levels non-invasively and the effective combination of body fluid collection and detection methods opens new possibilities for blood glucose scientific management.
An LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of 3-bromotyrosine in plasma from patients diagnosed with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Thomas Morgan E. , Markowitz Jonathan E. , Arwood Ada C. , Germany Joshua M. , Gilliland William M.
Published: September 2024

We have developed a rapid and simple LC-MS/MS workflow for the analysis of 3-bromotyrosine from human plasma.
Folic acid-conjugated long circulating co-encapsulated atorvastatin and quercetin solid lipid nanoparticles: pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in rats
Authors: Lalchandani Dimple S. , Chenkual Laltanpuii , Pate Sonali , Kulhari Uttam , Sahu Bidya Dhar , Chella Naveen , Porwal Pawan Kumar
Published: September 2024

The study presents LC-MS/MS based bioanalytical method development and validation of atorvastatin and quercetin encapsulated in folic acid-modified solid lipid nanoparticles and evaluating thier pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution patterns.
A DMSO-assisted iridium(iii) complex as a luminescent “turn-on” sensor for selective detection of l-histidine and bacterial imaging
Authors: Li Xiaojuan , Jia Tianqian , Wang Yueyan , Zhang Yanyan , Yang Du , Zhai Sicheng , Li Shuming
Published: September 2024

A DMSO-assisted iridium(iii) complex (Ir1-DMSO) can be used as a “turn-on” photoluminescence probe for highly selective detection of l-His/Ha/His-containing proteins and bacterial imaging (E. coli and S. aureus).
A polymeric artificial solid electrolyte interface dramatically enhances lithium-ion transport
Authors: Li Chun , Hu Bin , Wang Yujuan , Bi Kedong
Published: September 2024

Schematic diagram of polythiophene as artificial solid electrolyte interfaces enhancing lithium-ion transport in batteries.
Form-controlled synthesis of a polymorphic nonlinear optical crystal CsMgPO4·6H2O
Authors: Lv Sheng , Song Liangcheng , Xu Yanling , Cui Hongyan , Cheng Haoyu , Wang Zhihao , Zhu Chongqiang , Yang Chunhui
Published: September 2024

Form-controlled synthesis of CsMgPO4·6H2O was achieved via a facile aqueous solution method through precise pH regulation. A pure hexagonal phase was obtained at a pH range of 6.9–8.0, whereas a cubic phase was obtained at 9.5–11.3.
Syntheses, structures and magnetic properties of three dinuclear, one-dimensional and two-dimensional dysprosium(iii) complexes based on naphthalene diimide salicylic acid
Authors: Chen Jia-Ting , Kuang Xiao-Man , Li You-Hong , Zhong Yun-Jing , Zhang Hui , Su Jia-Yin , Chen Wen-Bin , Dong Wen
Published: September 2024

Three new dysprosium(iii) complexes with dinuclear, one-dimensional chain and two-dimensional network structures were synthesized and characterized.
Design and screening of bimetallic catalysts for nitric oxide reduction by CO: a study of kinetic Monte Carlo simulation based on first-principles calculations
Authors: Wang Caimu , Li Renyi , Guo Wei
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the potential of striped bimetallic catalysts for NO reduction by CO using kinetic Monte Carlo simulations based on first-principles calculations.
Layered CrO2·nH2O as a cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries: ab initio study
Authors: Liu Lu , He Zixi , Wu Binghan , Song Hongjia , Zhong Xiangli , Wang Jinbin , Zou Daifeng , Cheng Juanjuan
Published: September 2024

In the work, the reaction mechanism, discharge and diffusion property of layered CrO2 cathode and effect of pre-intercalated structural water for aqueous zinc-ion batteries have been studied using first-principles calculations.
Synergistic effect of Pd/CZO catalysts and an electric field on complete combustion of lean and humid methane at low temperatures
Authors: Sugiura Kei , Higo Takuma , Matsumoto Nobuki , Tedzuka Harunobu , Sekine Yasushi
Published: September 2024

Using a solid catalytic reaction in an electric field at low temperatures, methane, which has a high global warming effect, was successfully oxidatively removed even under dilute and low temperature conditions.
Recent progress in heterogeneous CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid towards practical application
Authors: Park Kwangho , Park Hongjin , Yoon Hayoung , Lee Kyung Rok , Ahn Sunghee , Kim Changsoo , Lee Ung , Jung Kwang-Deog , Yoon Sungho
Published: September 2024

Hydrogenation of CO2 to formic acid (FA) has generated widespread interest as a promising solution for H2 storage as well as eco-benign chemical production.
3D structure-functional design of a biomass-derived photocatalyst for antimicrobial efficacy and chemical degradation under ambient conditions
Authors: Zhang Wan , Liang Yuanhao , Hu Cheng , Li Weiwei , Lai Jingru , Chen Kainan , Xiang Sisi , Niedzwiedzki Dariusz , Wu Jing , Li Andrew , Dai Susie Y.
Published: September 2024

A 3D structural lignin-based photocatalyst achieves high PFAS degradation and rapid pathogen sterilization efficiency under ambient conditions.
Statistical behaviour of laser-induced plasma and its complementary characteristic signals
Authors: Buday Jakub , Holub Daniel , Pořízka Pavel , Kaiser Jozef
Published: September 2024

Observation of statistical distribution of spectral and characteristic signals of laser-induced plasma in relation to its temperature.
Development of in vitro model of exosome transport in microfluidic gut-brain axis-on-a-chip
Authors: Seo Gwang Myeong , Lee Hongki , Kang Yeon Jae , Kim Donghyun , Sung Jong Hwan
Published: September 2024

This study introduces a microfluidic gut–brain axis-on-a-chip model that simulates exosome delivery from the gut to the brain using convective flow. Integrating real-time imaging with simulations, it advances exosome research.
Development of photoluminescent hydrogen-bonded frameworks based on pyromellitic diimide-tethered carboxylic acid hosts and multi-bonding solvent guests
Authors: Puniya Raju Ram , Takhar Priyanka , Chhapoliya Monika , Deka Rinki , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti , Singh Devendra
Published: September 2024

Supramolecular aspects of multi-component hydrogen-bonded assemblies constructed by the combinations of pyromellitic diimide-tethered carboxylic acids and some multiple hydrogen-bonded donor/acceptor solvent molecules are studied.
Supersensitive visual pressure sensor based on the exciton luminescence of a perovskite material
Authors: Runowski Marcin , Woźny Przemysław , Soler-Carracedo Kevin , Lazarowska Agata , Kamiński Mikołaj , Majewska Natalia , Muñoz Alfonso , Moszczyński Jan , Sobczak Szymon , Dave Kashyap , Huang Wen-Tse , Liu Ru-Shi , Mahlik Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Exciton-type optical pressure sensor based on emission of the self-trapped exciton of Bi3+-doped double perovskite material, exhibiting giant sensitivity (112 nm GPa−1).
Impact of synthesis methods on the functionality of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles for targeted therapy
Authors: Anaki Adi , Tzror-Azankot Chen , Motiei Menachem , Sadan Tamar , Popovtzer Rachela
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the impact of key synthesis approaches, namely, covalent binding and physical adsorption, on the properties and anti-cancer functionality of antibody-coated gold nanoparticles.
Reaction strategies of bisphenol A derivatives to regulate the microstructure of polyarylates: synthesis of bisphenol S/bisphenol A random polyarylates and block polyarylates
Authors: Wang Zhoufeng , Wang Bolin , Liu Yingying , Long Xiubo , Yao Wenlong
Published: September 2024

A series of linear block polymers and random polymers were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation using two bisphenols with similar structures, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol A (BPA), and terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride.
Highly sensitive biosensors for real-time monitoring of histamine at acupoint PC6 in rats based on graphene-modified acupuncture needles
Authors: Li Pengwei , Yu Aotian , Han Lei , Zhao Bo , Wang Qi , Fu Qixuan , Ning Simin , Yang Guangyi , Zhang Rong , Yang Liusi , Cao Anyuan , Liu Cunzhi , Xu Wenjing
Published: September 2024

Real-time monitoring of histamine at acupoints with high sensitivity and without additional damages has been achieved, based on the graphene-modified acupuncture needles.
Excellent temperature sensitivities based on the FIR technique of up-conversion luminescence in a novel NaLaTi2O6:Yb3+,Tm3+ material
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Zhiyu , Zhu Daiman , Yue Changtao
Published: September 2024

Excellent temperature sensitivities were realized in NaLaTi2O6:Yb3+,Tm3+ based on FIR technique.
A novel approach for low-temperature synthesis of nanostructured rutile-like Ti1−xFexO2 solid solutions
Authors: Méndez Franklin J. , Herrera-González Alejandro , Morales Antonio , Bokhimi Xim
Published: September 2024

Rutile-like Ti1−xFexO2 solid solutions were synthesized at 90 °C with crystallites elongated along the c-axis.
Greener and whiter analytical method development and validation for determining the presence of zolpidem tartrate infused in apple juice using RP-HPLC via magnetic solid-phase extraction followed by LC-MS confirmatory analysis
Authors: Sundara Moorthy Revathy , Swetha G. , Rondla Rohini , Hu Anren , Vallakeerthi Narmada , Reddy P. Muralidhar
Published: September 2024

The research work entails a newly developed RP-HPLC method, aimedat analyzing the modern date rape drug, zolpidem tartrate (ZT), infused in apple juice matrix.
Construction of carbon nanostructures using the sodium cocoyl glycinate@NaCl system
Authors: Kang Xiaofei , Li Haichao , Yang Xiaobo , Lin Zezhong
Published: September 2024

Carbon nanomaterials are widely used in many fields due to their unique properties.
meta-C–H functionalization of phenylethyl and benzylic alcohol derivatives via Pd/NBE relay catalysis
Authors: Shen Hua-Chen , Li Jian-Jun , Wang Peng , Yu Jin-Quan
Published: September 2024

The transition metal-catalyzed meta-C–H functionalization of alcohols and their hydroxylamine derivatives remains underdeveloped.
Cyclic polymers from alkynes: a review
Authors: Boeck Parker T. , Veige Adam S.
Published: September 2024

Cyclic polymers have applications across various fields, including material science, biomedicine, and inorganic chemistry. In this review we explore recent advances in the synthesis of cyclic polymers from alkyne monomers.
Direct synthesis of chiral β-arylamines via additive-free asymmetric reductive amination enabled by tunable bulky phosphoramidite ligands
Authors: Wang Jing , Wang Wenji , Huang Haizhou , Ma Zhiqing , Chang Mingxin
Published: September 2024

An additive-free asymmetric reductive amination for efficient chiral β-arylamine synthesis is described. Bulky and tunable phosphoramidite ligands enable excellent enantiomeric control, even for alkylamines which lack secondary coordinating sites.
Dark times: iminothioindoxyl-C-nucleoside fluorescence quenchers with defined location and minimal perturbation in DNA
Authors: Luma Larita , Pursteiner Judith C. , Fischer Tobias , Hegger Rainer , Burghardt Irene , Wachtveitl Josef , Heckel Alexander
Published: September 2024

New small, rigid fluorescence quenchers, absorbing around 580 nm, show minimal perturbation in dsDNA structure.
Functional group tuning of CAU-10(Al) for efficient C2H2 storage and C2H2/CO2 separation
Authors: Lee Eun Woo , Sran Balkaran Singh , Daouli Ayoub , Salimov Maftun , Yoon Ji Woong , Cho Kyung Ho , Jo Donghui , Maurin Guillaume , Lee Su-Kyung , Lee U-Hwang
Published: September 2024

Comparison of adsorptive separation on CAU-10(Al) according to functional groups, and the GCMC simulation image of CAU-10(Al)–CH3.
Sodium lanthanide tungstate-based nanoparticles as bimodal contrast agents for in vivo high-field MRI and CT imaging
Authors: Gómez-González Elisabet , Caro Carlos , Núñez Nuria O. , González-Mancebo Daniel , Urbano-Gámez Jesús D. , García-Martín Maria L. , Ocaña Manuel
Published: September 2024

NaLn(WO4)2 (Ln = Dy or Ho) nanoparticles functionalized with polyacrylic acid exhibit excellent performance as bimodal contrast agents for high-field MRI and X-ray computed tomography bioimaging and show tumor targeting ability through the EPR effect.
Exploring enzyme-immobilized MOFs and their application potential: biosensing, biocatalysis, targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy
Authors: Prakash Om , Verma Deepika , Singh Poonam C.
Published: September 2024

This review presents the various enzyme immobilization techniques and highlight their application in biosensing, bio-catalysis, drug delivery, and cancer therapy.
Al3+ substituted U-type hexaferrites Ba4Co2Fe36−xAlxO60: structural, magnetic, electrical and dielectric properties
Authors: Chaudhari Hina N. , Pullar Robert C. , Meena Sher Singh , Singh Charanjeet , Municoy Sofia , Desimone Martin F. , Naqvi Sayed Tathir Abbas , Jotania Rajshree B.
Published: September 2024

Polycrystalline samples of Al3+-substituted barium–cobalt U-type hexagonal ferrites, with the chemical composition Ba4Co2Fe36−xAlxO60 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0), were synthesised.
A brief review on flue gas desulfurization gypsum recovery toward calcium carbonate preparation
Authors: Xu Wei , Liu Chunhong , Du Kaimin , Gao Qiangsheng , Liu Zheming , Wang Weijian
Published: September 2024

A brief review on flue gas desulfurization gypsum carbonation to prepare calcium carbonate via a direct way and an indirect way.
Interaction with IP6K1 supports pyrophosphorylation of substrate proteins by the inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7
Authors: Hamid Aisha , Ladke Jayashree S. , Shah Akruti , Ganguli Shubhra , Pal Monisita , Singh Arpita , Bhandari Rashna
Published: September 2024

Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs) are a sub-family of water soluble inositol phosphates that possess one or more diphosphate groups. PP-InsPs can transfer their β-phosphate group to a phosphorylated Ser residue to generate pyrophosphorylated Ser. This unique post-translational modification occurs on Ser residues that lie in acidic stretches within an intrinsically disordered protein sequence. Serine pyrophosphorylation is dependent on the presence of Mg2+ ions, but does not require an enzyme for catalysis. The mechanisms by which cells regulate PP-InsP-mediated pyrophosphorylation are still unknown. We performed mass spectrometry to identify interactors of IP6K1, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of the PP-InsP 5-InsP7. Interestingly, IP6K1 interacted with several proteins that are known to undergo 5-InsP7-mediated pyrophosphorylation, including the nucleolar proteins NOLC1, TCOF and UBF1, and AP3B1, the β subunit of the AP3 adaptor protein complex. The IP6K1 interactome also included CK2, a protein kinase that phosphorylates Ser residues prior to pyrophosphorylation. We observe the formation of a protein complex between IP6K1, AP3B1, and the catalytic α-subunit of CK2, and show that disrupting IP6K1 binding to AP3B1 lowers its in vivo pyrophosphorylation. We propose that assembly of a substrate-CK2-IP6K complex would allow for coordinated pre-phosphorylation and pyrophosphorylation of the target serine residue, and provide a mechanism to regulate this enzyme-independent modification.
Empirical modelling and analysis of phase noise in OFDM systems
Authors: Duan Qihong , Du Heng , Xue Jiang , Li Feng
Published: September 2024

Based on empirical data of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing system in realistic environments of next‐generation cellular networks, a new analytical model of phase noise and numerical characteristics of the common phase error and intercarrier interference are derived. Applying an asymptotic theory of probability, analytical expressions are present to approximate the mean vector and the covariance matrix of the intercarrier interference. The approximation expression of the covariance matrix is accurate enough and only has three parameters. When applied to estimate original symbols based on additive white Gaussian noise channel, a Gibbs sampler performs better than the current estimation algorithm following Weiner process phase noise.
Geometry‐preserved image editing
Authors: Kwon Taeeun , Kwon Junseok
Published: September 2024

As generative models become more advanced and essential, interest in using these models for image editing is growing. Nevertheless, conventional image editing methods still have many problems and can alter the intrinsic properties (e.g. geometry) of an object during the editing process. In this article, a novel geometry‐preserved image editing method is presented, where key points, keyframe, or canny edges are utilized as inputs for geometric constraints. A text prompt is fed into the inversion pipeline along with the input image and key points/keyframes/canny for editing. Then, new images are generated based on the editing pipeline of the denoising diffusion implicit model. Experiments demonstrate that the method outperforms its baselines.
Routes to industrial scalability to maximise investment in engineering biology in the UK—A bioplastics small and medium‐sized enterprise perspective
Authors: Switzer Amy , Šusta Laima , Mines Paul
Published: September 2024

Focus on engineering biology is at the forefront of the UK government's objectives, being one of their five critical technologies (the others being quantum technologies, artifical intelligence, semiconductors, and future telecommunications), with a recent announcement of £2 billion to be invested into the field over the next 10 years. With such attention being given to engineering biology within the UK, it is critical to envisage realistic downstream channels (i.e. scale up and route to market) for this investment in order to maximise successful outcomes. This article aims to identify, from the perspective of a UK Bioplastics small and medium‐sized enterprise, areas within the scope of engineering biology that should be focused on to maximise potential for success.
Approximate power flow solutions‐based forecasting‐aided state estimation for power distribution networks
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Xu Zhao , Qi Donglian , Yan Yunfeng , Zhang Jianliang
Published: September 2024

This paper presents an approximate power flow model‐based forecasting‐aided state estimation estimator for power distribution networks subject to naive forecasting methods and nonlinear filtering processes. To this end, this estimator designs a voltage perturbation vector around the priori‐determined nominal value as the dynamic state variable, which enables more detailed depictions of voltage changes. Then, a state transition model incorporating nodal power variation is derived from the approximate power injection model. The constant state transition matrix working on power variations only consists of nodal impedance, which reduces the extensive parameter tuning effort when facing different estimation tasks. Furthermore, an approximate branch power flow observation equation is proposed to improve the filtering efficiency. The observation matrix with branch admittance information presents the linear filtering relationship between power flow measurements and forecasted states, omitting the complex iterative updates of the Jacobian matrix for nonlinear measurements. Finally, the overall estimated voltage state at each time sample is entirely obtained by combining the filtered voltage perturbation vector with the priori‐determined nominal value. Numerical simulation comparisons on a symmetric balanced 56‐node distribution system verify the performance of the proposed estimator in terms of accuracy and robustness under normal and abnormal conditions.
APOTSA: Anchor placement optimisation using discrete Tabu search algorithm for area‐based localisation
Authors: Nabavi Sayyidshahab , Schauer Joachim , Boano Carlo Alberto , Römer Kay
Published: September 2024

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in indoor localisation due to the demand for location‐based services. Diverse techniques have been described in the literature to improve indoor localisation services, but their accuracy is significantly affected by the number and location of the anchors, which act as a reference point for localising tags in a given space. The authors focus on indoor area‐based localisation. A set of anchors defines certain geographical areas, called residence areas, and the location of a tag is approximated by the residence area in which the tag is placed. Hence the position is not given by exact coordinates. In this approach, placing the anchors such that the resulting residence areas are small on average yields a high‐quality localisation accuracy. The authors’ main contribution is the introduction of a discretisation method to calculate the residence areas for a given anchor placement more efficiently. This method reduces the runtime compared to the algorithms from the literature dramatically and hence allows us to search the solution space more efficiently. The authors propose APOTSA, a novel approach for discovering a high‐quality placement of anchors to improve the accuracy of area‐based indoor localisation systems while requiring a shorter execution time than existing approaches. The proposed algorithm is based on Tabu search and optimises the localisation accuracy by minimising the expected residence area. APOTSA's localisation accuracy and time of execution are evaluated by different indoor‐localisation scenarios involving up to five anchors. The results indicate that the expected residence area and the time of execution can be reduced by up to 9.5% and 99% compared to the state‐of‐the‐art local search anchors placement (LSAP) algorithm, respectively.
Ernährung auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Hill Aileen , Meyer Marie-Theres
Published: September 2024

Bei der Ernährung von Intensivpatienten spielt eine adäquate Zufuhr von Energie und Nährstoffen eine wesentliche Rolle. Optimaler Zeitpunkt, Dosierung und Zusammensetzung der Nährstoffzufuhr sind immer wieder Gegenstand kontroverser Diskussionen. Der folgende Beitrag gibt einen praxisrelevanten Überblick über ausgewählte Aspekte der medizinischen Ernährungstherapie und stellt Richtlinien zur Umsetzung evidenzbasierter Ansätze für eine angemessene Energie- und Nährstoffversorgung bereit.
Garten trifft Intensivstation
Authors: Bauernfeind Christina , Hahn Maximilian
Published: September 2024

Die geleistete Arbeit auf einer Intensivstation ist für die medizinische Versorgung von Patienten in akuter Lebensgefahr von zentraler Bedeutung. Sie erfordert von Fachkräften nicht nur tiefgreifendes und evidenzbasiertes Wissen, sondern auch eine außerordentliche Belastbarkeit. Die anspruchsvollen und komplexen Aufgaben gehen jedoch nicht nur mit physischen Herausforderungen einher, sondern setzen das Personal auch erheblichen psychischen Belastungen aus. Dieser Artikel gibt Einblicke in die Auswirkungen gartengestützter Interventionen am Balkon auf die Mitarbeiter einer Intensivstation.
Differences in regions of interest to identify deeply invasive colorectal cancers: Computer-aided diagnosis vs expert endoscopists
Authors: Nakajima Yuki , Nemoto Daiki , Guo Zhe , Boyuan Peng , Ruiyao Zhang , Katsuki Shinichi , Takezawa Takahito , Maemoto Ryo , Kawasaki Keisuke , Inoue Ken , Akutagawa Takashi , Tanaka Hirohito , Sato Koichiro , Omori Teppei , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Miyakura Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Takayuki , Yoshida Naohisa , Esaki Motohiro , Uraoka Toshio , Kato Hiroyuki , Inoue Yuji , Yamamoto Hironori , Zhu Xin , Togashi Kazutomo
Published: September 2024

Background and study aims Diagnostic performance of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for deep submucosally invasive (T1b) colorectal cancer was excellent, but the “regions of interest” (ROI) within images are not obvious. Class activation mapping (CAM) enables identification of the ROI that CAD utilizes for diagnosis. The purpose of this study was a quantitative investigation of the difference between CAD and endoscopists.

Patients and methods Endoscopic images collected for validation of a previous study were used, including histologically proven T1b colorectal cancers (n = 82; morphology: flat 36, polypoid 46; median maximum diameter 20 mm, interquartile range 15–25 mm; histological subtype: papillary 5, well 51, moderate 24, poor 2; location: proximal colon 26, distal colon 27, rectum 29). Application of CAM was limited to one white light endoscopic image (per lesion) to demonstrate findings of T1b cancers. The CAM images were generated from the weights of the previously fine-tuned ResNet50. Two expert endoscopists depicted the ROI in identical images. Concordance of the ROI was rated by intersection over union (IoU) analysis.

Results Pixel counts of ROIs were significantly lower using 165K[x103] [108K-227K] than by endoscopists (300K [208K-440K]; P < 0.0001) and median [interquartile] of the IoU was 0.198 [0.024-0.349]. IoU was significantly higher in correctly identified lesions (n = 54, 0.213 [0.116-0.364]) than incorrect ones (n=28, 0.070 [0.000-0.2750, P= 0.033).

Concusions IoU was larger in correctly diagnosed T1b colorectal cancers. Optimal annotation of the ROI may be the key to improving diagnostic sensitivity of CAD for T1b colorectal cancers.
Synthesis of 3-Substituted Chromones through Photoactivation of Acceptor–Acceptor Diazo Compounds
Authors: Rastogi Namrata , Kumar Prashant , Kumar Asit , Kant Ruchir , Shukla Sanjeev K.
Published: September 2024

We report the photocatalytic alkylation of o-hydroxyarylenaminones with acceptor–acceptor diazo compounds to access 3-alkyl chromones. The reaction involves triplet sensitization of the diazo substrate via energy transfer from the photosensitizer. The notable features of the protocol are operational simplicity, wide substrate scope, and generally high yields of the products.
Helium 1s photoemission and photon stimulated desorption of He+ ions by double excitations from adsorbed helium layers: Zero-point motion and matrix effects
Authors: Riepl S. J. , Kossler S. , Braun J. , Minár J. , Barth J. V. , Feulner P.
Published: September 2024

Excited with p-polarized light, the near-edge He 1s photoemission signal from monolayers of He adsorbed on the close-packed surfaces of silver, copper, ruthenium, and platinum shows periodic splitting with photoelectron momentum. By applying a simple single scattering model, we explain this effect by zero-point motion induced variation of the photo hole’s image charge screening and interference of the photoelectron’s final state wavefunction. Relativistic one-step photoemission calculations support this interpretation. In the second part of our study, we investigate neutral double excitations of He bilayers adsorbed on platinum by monitoring the emission of He+ ions. We identify strong matrix and zero-point motion effects, namely resonances absent for isolated He, density and light polarization dependence, line broadening and a correlation of excitation and kinetic ion-energy.
Conformers of valeric acid: Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Mačytė J. , Šablinskas V. , Čeponkus J.
Published: September 2024

Matrix isolation infrared absorption spectroscopy was combined with quantum chemical calculations to characterize valeric acid conformers. Geometries and vibrational spectra of possible valeric acid conformers were calculated using MP2 and B3LYP levels of theory. MP2 calculations predict that the most stable form of valeric acid is a nonlinear aliphatic chain conformer, this contradicts B3LYP findings. Infrared absorption spectra of valeric acid isolated in argon and neon matrices exhibit complicated band structures suggesting the presence of more than one structure of valeric acid trapped in the matrices. A comparison of calculated and experimental spectra allowed us to conclude that three conformers are trapped in argon and neon matrices. Two of them, the linear chain called here TTTT and nonlinear TGTT, are found in equal distribution while the third one GGTT is less populated, at the 1:3 ratio to the most stable one.
Piezoelectrically driven Fano resonance in silicon photonics
Authors: Ansari I. , Feutmba G. F. , George J. P. , Rijckaert H. , Beeckman J. , Van Thourhout D.
Published: September 2024

Piezoelectric optomechanical platforms provide a promising avenue for efficient signal transduction between microwave and optical domains. Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film stands out as a compelling choice for building such a platform given its high piezoelectricity and optical transparency, enabling strong electro-optomechanical transduction. This work explores the application of such transduction to induce Fano resonance in a silicon photonics integrated circuit (PIC). Our methodology involves integrating a PZT thin film onto a silicon PIC and subsequently removing the SiO2 layer to suspend the silicon waveguide, allowing controlled mechanical vibrations. Fano resonances, characterized by their distinctive asymmetric line shape, were observed at frequencies up to 6.7 GHz with an extinction ratio of 21 dB. A high extinction ratio of 41 dB was achieved at the lower resonance frequency of 223 MHz. Our results demonstrate the potential of piezoelectric thin film integration for the generation of Fano resonances on passive photonic platforms such as Si, paving the way for highly sensitive, compact, and power-efficient devices relevant to a wide range of applications.
Spatially resolved measurements of electron density of a magnetically confined split-ring resonator source
Authors: Walsten Andrew T. , Bentz Brian Z. , Youngman Kevin , Xu Kunning G.
Published: September 2024

Laser-collisional induced fluorescence is used to study the plasma generated by a split-ring resonator discharge under an external cusp shaped magnetic field created by permanent magnets. The electron density and electron temperature are measured for a helium plasma at different pressures, powers, and magnet field strengths. It is found that the magnetic fields produce higher electron temperatures with peak temperatures of ∼3 eV, while the no magnet case has peak temperatures of ∼0.8 eV. Conversely, the peak electron density is obtained in the no magnet case at a value of ∼1.9 × 1011 cm−3. This indicates that the cusp-field did magnetize the electrons, but contrary to expectations, it resulted in a decrease in electron density. This is believed to be due to the magnetic field having negative effects on the resonance of the plasma source.
Segmentation of lung nodules in CT images using weighted average based threshold and maximized variance
Authors: Liu Yankun , Zhang Tong , Liang Ma , Wang Enguo
Published: September 2024

Background: Lung cancer is a major health concern globally, being the primary cause of cancer-related deaths. It accounts for approximately one–sixth of all cancer fatalities. Objective: The goal of this study is to develop an effective method for the early detection of lung tumors using computed tomography (CT) images. This method aims to identify lung tumors of various sizes and shapes, which is a significant challenge due to the variability in tumor characteristics. Methods: The research utilizes CT images of the lungs in sagittal view from the LID-IDRI database. To tackle the issue of tumor variability in size, shape, and number, the study proposes a novel image processing technique. This technique involves detecting tumor clusters using a weighted average-based automatic thresholding method. This method focuses on maximizing inter-class variance and is supplemented by further classification and segmentation processes. Results: The proposed image processing technique was tested on a dataset of 315 lung CT images. It demonstrated a high level of accuracy, achieving a 98.96% success rate in identifying lung tumors. Conclusion: The study introduces a highly effective method for the detection of lung tumors in CT images, irrespective of their size and shape. The technique’s high accuracy rate suggests it could be a valuable tool in the early diagnosis of lung cancer, potentially leading to improved patient outcomes.
A practical guide to light-sheet microscopy for nanoscale imaging: Looking beyond the cell
Authors: Kramer Stephanie N. , Antarasen Jeanpun , Reinholt Cole R. , Kisley Lydia
Published: September 2024

We present a comprehensive guide to light-sheet microscopy (LSM) to assist scientists in navigating the practical implementation of this microscopy technique. Emphasizing the applicability of LSM to image both static microscale and nanoscale features, as well as diffusion dynamics, we present the fundamental concepts of microscopy, progressing through beam profile considerations, to image reconstruction. We outline key practical decisions in constructing a home-built system and provide insight into the alignment and calibration processes. We briefly discuss the conditions necessary for constructing a continuous 3D image and introduce our home-built code for data analysis. By providing this guide, we aim to alleviate the challenges associated with designing and constructing LSM systems and offer scientists new to LSM a valuable resource in navigating this complex field.
Influence of orifice angle on turbulent jet characteristics
Authors: Charles Prince , Jagadeesan Karthikeyan , Narasimhamurthy Vagesh D.
Published: September 2024

This article is a follow-up research of our recent paper [Charles and Narasimhamurthy, Phys. Fluids, 34(10), 105111 (2022b)] on direct numerical simulation (DNS) of planar turbulent jets with a pintle orifice. In the present study, we compare the DNS results of three different pintle-jet configurations (30°, 45°, and 60°), which vary only by the chamfering angle (α) within the pintle-shaped orifice. Instantaneous flow fields show the large amplitude oscillation of jets and how the oblique shedding of vortical structures correlates with the inlet condition. We found that as α reduces, the jet experiences more flapping, high turbulent intensity in the near-to-intermediate field, and less coherence in Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) vortices in the near-field. The vortex dynamics are studied using Q-criterion, λ2-criterion, and enstrophy dynamics, and the effects of the pintle wall on the onset of large-scale motions are investigated. Further, the higher order statistics are evaluated, and it shows the inlet-dependent variations in the jet flow characteristics downstream. The energy balance between the large- and small-scale eddies is studied using a turbulent kinetic energy budget. In addition, we employ quadrant analysis of Reynolds shear stresses along three downstream regions of the jet—initial shear layer, interaction region, and similarity region—and show the effect of turbulence behavior on those mixing regions. The small-scale turbulence length scales, such as the Kolmogorov scale and Taylor microscales, are studied. In addition, we compute the turbulent Reynolds number for each case. Furthermore, the invariant analysis using a barycentric map shows the anisotropy behavior of turbulence in large- and small-scales, where it shows 30° case return-to-isotropy faster than 60° case. The above findings can help in the modeling of turbulent jets with varying orifice conditions and may also facilitate the design of pintle-shaped orifices in airblast atomizers.
Diverse morphology and motility induced emergent order in bacterial collectives
Authors: Mondal Kaustav , Bera Palash , Ghosh Pushpita
Published: September 2024

Microbial communities exhibit complex behaviors driven by species interactions and individual characteristics. In this study, we delve into the dynamics of a mixed bacterial population comprising two distinct species with different morphology and motility aspects. Employing agent-based modeling and computer simulations, we analyze the impacts of size ratios and packing fractions on dispersal patterns, aggregate formation, clustering, and spatial ordering. Notably, we find that motility and anisotropy of elongated bacteria significantly influence the distribution and spatial organization of nonmotile spherical species. Passive spherical cells display a superdiffusive behavior, particularly at larger size ratios in the ballistic regime. As the size ratio increases, clustering of passive cells is observed, accompanied by enhanced alignment and closer packing of active cells in the presence of higher passive cell area fractions. In addition, we identify the pivotal role of passive cell area fraction in influencing the response of active cells toward nematicity, with its dependence on size ratio. These findings shed light on the significance of morphology and motility in shaping the collective behavior of microbial communities, providing valuable insights into complex microbial behaviors with implications for ecology, biotechnology, and bioengineering.
Effect of surface wettability on dynamic behaviors and freezing mechanisms of water droplets impacting cold surfaces
Authors: Shang Yuheng , Može Matic , Aksoy Yunus Tansu , Castagne Sylvie , Seveno David , Golobič Iztok , Vetrano Maria Rosaria
Published: September 2024

Droplet impacting and freezing on solid surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and crucial to many industrial applications, while the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains elusive. In this paper, the effect of surface wettability on dynamic behaviors and freezing mechanism of a water droplet impacting on a solid substrate at a fixed Weber number of 200 has been experimentally investigated at various surface temperatures from −35.2 to −10 °C. With the decrease in temperature of the superhydrophobic surface, the complete rebound behavior moves to partial rebound and ultimately to full adhesion, mainly due to the competition between the fluid dynamics and heat transfer processes. An intense prompt splashing is achieved by altering the surface wettability toward superhydrophobicity. Raising the water repellency enhances the lift of the lamella rim during the initial droplet spreading. The receding velocity on superhydrophobic surfaces is about ten times larger than that on hydrophobic surfaces, while it is barely affected by the surface and droplet temperatures. Three distinct freezing shapes are observed in the experiments, namely, spherical ice, irregular ice, and central cap ice, and those can be explained through the analysis of the differences between the time for the onset of freezing and receding time. Some cases of droplet freezing after full receding, also known as spherical ice, include two freezing stages. First, the liquid–gas interface freezes within a short period. Next, the remaining liquid freezes upward because the evaporation through the liquid–gas interface leads to the temperature of this interface being lower than the liquid–surface interface temperature. A phase diagram described by the final equilibrium contact factor and the surface temperature reveals the conditions to form different freezing processes or to remain a liquid state.
A combination of acoustophoresis and thermophoresis for enriching nanoparticles
Authors: Dong Jing , Liang Dongfang , Kabla Alexandre J. , Chen Xinan , Yang Xin
Published: September 2024

Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has seen widespread growth in biomedical applications. Recently, thermophoresis has been proposed as an efficient method to manipulate nanoparticles. However, the enrichment time can be quite long due to the associated convection flow. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel method that combines the deployment of standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW) and temperate gradients for more efficient nanoparticle enrichment. The enrichment system consists of a microchamber sandwiched by a piezoelectrical substrate top slide, from where infrared light laser heat source and SSAW are introduced, and a sapphire bottom. The SSAW-induced thermoacoustic streaming can be properly controlled to partially cancel the effect of natural heat convection, reducing its adverse impact on thermophoresis and consequently reducing the enrichment time. A numerical model is established, which is verified against experimental observation. A parametric study is then undertaken to examine the influence of the acoustic field on the enrichment time with a laser power of 194 mW. The efficiency and suitability of the coupled system depend on the magnitude and direction of SSAW. With the optimized actuation condition, the enrichment time can be reduced by 61% compared to that of the pure thermophoretic enrichment. Finally, different laser powers are considered, ranging from 194 to 248 mW. Again, around 61% time reduction can be achieved in all the tested cases. The optimum magnitude of the acoustic waves slightly increases with the laser power. This innovative enrichment approach is thus demonstrated to be effective.
A review of fluids under nanoconfinement: Reactivity, geomechanics, phase transitions, and flow
Authors: McCormack Kevin L. , Li Jiaoyan , Yoklavich Tyler J. , Xia Yidong
Published: September 2024

Due to its many industrial applications, the physics associated with the nanoconfinement of fluids has garnered great attention from the scientific community in roughly the last fifteen years. One pioneer of that research has been the Multi-Scale Fluid-Solid Interactions in Architected and Natural Materials (MUSE) Energy Frontier Research Center, which produced more than 50 journal articles from 2018 to 2023. We structure the findings of MUSE into four categories and contextualize the work with the broader literature. The four categories are (1) the dependence of chemical reactions on the degree of confinement, which given the lower freedom of motion of molecules yet improved availability of reaction sites generally lead to enhancement from bulk reactions; (2) the mechanical properties of the porous matrix, which are dependent on the heterogeneity of the system in terms of both composition and structure,; (3) the phase transitions under nanoconfinement, which are influenced by the pore size and morphology, surface chemistry, and substrate composition; and (4) the physical controls of slip flow, which demonstrate the importance of several factors, such as wettability. These aspects of nanoconfinement are becoming clearer, but there are other elements such as mathematical theory that are still being developed.
Particle image velocimetry in the near-wake of a wing with leading edge tubercles
Authors: Shkvar Ye. , Kandume J. , E Shiju , Islam M. , Kryzhanovskyi A.
Published: September 2024

The results of particle image velocimetry in the near-wake of a rectangular wing section with the leading edge tubercles of various lengths and an airfoil, developed by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA 0012), are presented. The main attention is paid to the study of the influence of the tubercle length on the features of the formation of the flow in the near-wake of the wing model. Based on the reference case of a wing model with a chord of 100 mm and a span–chord ratio of 2, the influence of four tubercle lengths (5, 15, 25, and 35 mm) of tubercles, located symmetrically relative to the chord of the wing airfoil, was studied within the interval of chord-based Reynolds number Reb = 3.65 × 104–2.36 × 105 and for two angles of attack α = 0° (no separation case) and α = 9.5° (massive laminar stall). In order to understand the effect of the regular structure of counter-rotating vortex pairs, formed by the tubercles and its further interaction with the boundary layer of the wing, measurements were performed in two sections of the near-wake perpendicular to the wingspan: in the plane of symmetry of the tubercle and in the middle plane between the pair of neighbor tubercles. It has been experimentally confirmed that even at α = 0°, the tubercles are the source of additional drag, estimated at 3%–18%. It was also found that even the shortest tubercles of 5 mm are, apparently, the most rational in terms of their both aerodynamic and weight efficiency.
Molecular dynamics simulations of the effect of static electric field on progressive ice formation
Authors: Shang Ruiqi , Wu Tongyu , Meguid S. A.
Published: September 2024

Ice accumulation under static electric fields presents a significant hazard to transmission lines and power grids. Contemporary computational studies of electrofreezing predominantly probed excessive electric fields (109 V/m) that are significantly higher than those typically encountered in proximity to transmission lines. To elucidate the influence of realistic electric fields (105 V/m) on ice crystallization, we run extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations across dual ice–water coexistence systems. Three aspects of work were accordingly examined. First, we investigated the influence of the effect of static electric fields, with a strength of 105 V/m, along three orthogonal axes on the phase transition during the encountered freezing and melting processes. Second, we established the mechanism of how the direction of an electric field, the initial ice crystallography, and the adjacent crystal planes influence the solidification process. Third, the results of our MD simulations were further post-processed to determine the dipole moment, radial distribution, and angle distribution resulting from the static electric field. Our results indicate that while weak electric fields do not cause complete polarization of liquid water molecules, they can induce a transition to a more structured ice-like geometry of the water molecules at the ice–water interphase region, particularly when applied perpendicular to the ice–water interphase. Notably, the interface adjacent to cubic ice exhibits a greater response to the electric fields than that adjacent to hexagonal ice. This is attributable to the intrinsic differences in their original hydrogen bonding networks.
A self-sustaining wireless sensing and flight control device for beetles
Authors: Huang Xin , Zhao Wenhao , Yuan Meisong , Sun Kaixuan , Yang Bo
Published: September 2024

Insect-electronics hybrid robots integrate live insects with small electronic backpacks. These backpacks guide insect movement and sense environmental data. Due to size and payload constraints, high-capacity batteries are impractical for prolonged energy supply. This study proposes a self-sustaining wireless sensing and flight control device with an energy management module and a Bluetooth slave module. This setup enables solar energy harvesting, wireless flight control of beetles, and the acquisition of image and attitude information. The device achieves directional flight control with a 72.5% success rate in turning. Operation duration increases by 46.6% in image-only mode and 50.9% in combined image and attitude angle mode under 20 000 lux indoor illuminance. Outdoor experiments demonstrate continuous operation at one image per second under favorable illuminance conditions, with a 92% increase in operation time when capturing images and yaw angles. This microelectronic device enhances the durability of insect robots during extended field missions, providing valuable insights into long-term environmental monitoring.