bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The social novel by Hans Fallada Little man, what now?
Authors: Zobenica Nikolina
Published: December 2016

Although the novel by Hans Fallada (born as Rudolf Ditzen, 1893-1947) Little Man, What Now? (Kleiner Mann, was nun?) was published more than eighty years ago (1932), it was only translated to Serbian in 2015. It can be regarded both as a belated reaction or publication in the right moment - both would be correct. The novel has also regained attention in Germany, and the unabridged edition was published in 2016. Little Man, What Now? is the novel on a little man in the Weimar Republic and depicts the society of that time. In this paper the sociological approach has been applied to the novel analysis in order to show the picture of the society, with the aim to emphasize the timeless features which make this social novel still relevant and interesting. The reference of literature to society is not always obvious as in this case, which serves as the base for criticism of the sociological approach. The assumption that literature has relevance for reality is criticized because it disputes the premise of modern aesthetics that the author is an autonomous creator of art works. Drawing an analogy between literature and society has also been questioned because of numerous difficulties in associating the history of literature to the history of society. In spite of all these critical points, the analysis of this novel has been undertaken from the sociological approach because it directly points at the society in the Weimar Republic. Since it has not lost its actuality decades after its first publication, although it depicts the social circumstances of a certain period of time (1929-1932), it can be concluded that there are social processes which are in a certain way constant despite outward changing circumstances. The consequences of economic instability always strike the 'little men' most severely, not only are they at the mercy of their employers and various institutions, but are also affected by their lack of solidarity as well. The only source of happiness and support can be found in warm human relationships, like friendship, love and family, as Johannes Pinneberg finds them in his life with his Lämmchen.
Means of temporal expressions in newspaper news and press report
Authors: Čutura Ilijana , Spasić Jelena
Published: December 2016

This paper analyses most frequent linguistic means for expressing the temporal frame in the printed news and press reports. With structuralism as a chosen theoretical framework, the approach of the research is qualitative and stylistic. Since the study belongs to the field of functional stylistics, the primary methods used in the study were functional-stylistic and linguistic-stylistic ones. As the study focuses on two newspaper genres, comparative-stylistic method was used as well. The analysis has been conducted on concrete linguistic excerpts from Serbian daily newspapers published throughout Serbia from 2008 to 2015. The aims of the paper are to show model of expressing temporal frame in contemporary Serbian newspapers. This paper provides an overview of the characteristics of model and the types of temporal expression as well as their variations in contemporal Serbian newspapers. The paper also aims to determine the differencies between printed news and press reports by the choice of temporal expressions. It is shown that there is a tendency of changing schematized structure of these informative genres and some innovation in relation to the choice of linguistic means for expessing the meaning of temporally close events. The research is a contribution to journalism stylistics, more precisely to the Serbian language newspaper stylistics, and also contributes to the study of linguistic and stylistic characteristics of non-literary texts. The study is also relevant because it describes the use of adverbs and adverbial expressions in the journalistic style.
Factors of the active listening of preschool children
Authors: Purić Daliborka
Published: December 2016

Active listening is a communication skill which is crucial for the development of cooperative relationships in the group, culture of friendship and fellowship, it is also important for the development of literacy skills and talent for speaking. Furthermore, it contributes to the improvement of the level of knowledge, skills and school achievement, as well as to the development of self-confidence of children. Developing of active listening is an important task in the activities with children of preschool age. In this paper, the author, wanting to determine the importance of the factors of active listening of preschool children, examines how preschool teachers (N = 198): (a) evaluate the importance of certain elements of active listening that relate to the speaker and the listener, and (b) estimate their role in the process of developing active listening skills of preschool children as an essential element of successful interpersonal communication. Results of the survey show that preschool teachers attach greater importance to the factors of active listening related to the listener (attention, listening skill, interest in the subject), than to the factors related to the speaker (motivation for listening, quality of the narrative). More than two-thirds of surveyed preschool teachers (172 or 86.9%) define its impact on the stimulation of active listening of children as significant. Work experience and professional qualifications as independent variables significantly influence the attitudes of preschool teachers about the importance of their impact in stimulating active listening. Preschool teacher is a key element of the training of preschool children in the area of the basic communication skills of active listening. In this sense, the results of our survey show that in the context of academic study programs for education of preschool teachers special attention is given to the communication skills and to their role in the development of active listening. But, bearing in mind the neglection of listening in comparison to other language skills, it is necessary to pay more attention to the improvement of the culture of listening, both in formal and nonformal, as well as in informal education and training of preschool teachers.
An annotated bibliography of works that deal with cross-language contrasting (confrontation), or apply it on Slavic materials
Authors: Jović Aleksandra
Published: December 2016

Većina bibliografskih j edinica odnosi se na oblast primenjene lingvistike, u prvom redu nastave slovenskih jezika kao inoslovenskih i međuslovenske translatologije. Nekoliko radova istaknutih lingvista pripada oblasti teorijske lingvistike. Navedene bibliografske jedinice objedinjuje međujezičko kontrastiranje (konfrontiranje), bilo kao tema izlaganja, bilo kao primenjeni postupak, metod, koji se široko primenjuje u savremenoj lingvističkoj slavistici. Bez obzira na izvesne kontroverze o korisnosti ovakve analize dvaju ili više jezičkih sistema, većina lingvista se slaže da ona ima svoje opravdanje, pogotovo prilikom izučavanja bliskosrodnih jezika. Stoga je u slavistici našla široku primenu. Neki autori insistiraju na terminološkom razgraničenju pojmova kontrastiranja i konfrontiranja, ali ih većina lingvista upotrebljava kao sinonime. Na izbor radova uticao je, pre svega, kriterijum relevantnosti sa stanovišta obezbeđenja teorijske i metodološke osnove za dalja istraživanja, kao i težnja da se ukaže na značajnije savremene predstavnike ovakvog pristupa jeziku, uglavnom u slovenskom svetu. Njihovi radovi poređani su hronološki.
Adequate immune response ensured by binary IL-2 and graded CD25 expression in a murine transfer model
Authors: Fuhrmann Franziska , Lischke Timo , Gross Fridolin , Scheel Tobias , Bauer Laura , Kalim Khalid Wasim , Radbruch Andreas , Herzel Hanspeter , Hutloff Andreas , Baumgrass Ria
Published: December 2016

The IL-2/IL-2Ralpha (CD25) axis is of central importance for the interplay of effector and regulatory T cells. Nevertheless, the question how different antigen loads are translated into appropriate IL-2 production to ensure adequate responses against pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here we find that at single cell level, IL-2 is binary (digital) and CD25 is graded expressed whereas at population level both parameters show graded expression correlating with the antigen amount. Combining in vivo data with a mathematical model we demonstrate that only this binary IL-2 expression ensures a wide linear antigen response range for Teff and Treg cells under real spatiotemporal conditions. Furthermore, at low antigen concentrations binary IL-2 expression safeguards by its spatial distribution selective STAT5 activation only of closely adjacent Treg cells regardless of their antigen specificity. These data show that the mode of IL-2 secretion is critical to tailor the adaptive immune response to the antigen amount.
Peripherally administered orexin improves survival of mice with endotoxin shock
Authors: Ogawa Yasuhiro , Irukayama-Tomobe Yoko , Murakoshi Nobuyuki , Kiyama Maiko , Ishikawa Yui , Hosokawa Naoto , Tominaga Hiromu , Uchida Shuntaro , Kimura Saki , Kanuka Mika , Morita Miho , Hamada Michito , Takahashi Satoru , Hayashi Yu , Yanagisawa Masashi
Published: December 2016

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infection, accounting for the most common cause of death in intensive care units. Here, we report that peripheral administration of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin improves the survival of mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced endotoxin shock, a well-studied septic shock model. The effect is accompanied by a suppression of excessive cytokine production and an increase of catecholamines and corticosterone. We found that peripherally administered orexin penetrates the blood-brain barrier under endotoxin shock, and that central administration of orexin also suppresses the cytokine production and improves the survival, indicating orexin’s direct action in the central nervous system (CNS). Orexin helps restore body temperature and potentiates cardiovascular function in LPS-injected mice. Pleiotropic modulation of inflammatory response by orexin through the CNS may constitute a novel therapeutic approach for septic shock.
Two-Dimensional Scattering by a Homogeneous Gyrotropic-Type Elliptic Cylinder
Authors: Hamid A. K. , Cooray F.
Published: December 2016

The separation of variables procedure has been employed for solving the problem of scattering from an infinite homogeneous gyrotropic-type (G-type) elliptic cylinder, when a uniform plane electromagnetic wave perpendicular to its axis, illuminates it. The formulation of the problem involves expanding each electric and magnetic field using appropriate elliptic vector wave functions and expansion coefficients. Imposing suitable boundary conditions at the surface of the elliptic cylinder yields the unknown expansion coefficients related to the scattered and the transmitted fields. To demonstrate how the various G-type materials and the size of the cylinder affects scattering from it, plots of scattering cross sections are given for cylinders having different permittivity/permeability tensors and sizes.
Entorno al Diálogo Intercultural en el Liceo Intercultural Guacolda
Authors: Garrido Francisco
Published: December 2016

El presente artículo del profesor Francisco Garrido Nehuel, Director del Liceo Intercultural Guacolda de Chol Chol, titulada: Entorno al Diálogo Intercultural en el Liceo Intercultural Guacolda, es un testimonio reflexivo de la exitosa experiencia del proyecto educativo intercultural de dicho Liceo, que funciona como programa piloto en el sistema escolar chileno y que ha ayudado a muchos jóvenes a valorar su propia identidad mapuche.
Organización de las actividades de la Pastoral Universitaria de la Universidad Católica de Temuco para estudiantes novatos de ingreso 2016
Authors: Villablanca Alicia
Published: December 2016

El trabajo de la Profesora Alicia Villablanca, Organización de las actividades de la Pastoral Universitaria de la Universidad Católica de Temuco para estudiantes novatos de ingreso 2016, recoge parte del trabajo Pastoral con alumnos de primer año desarrollado en nuestra casa de estudios por el departamento de Pastoral y que busca responder a los desafíos propios de aquellos alumnos que deben insertase a la vida universitaria y que muchas veces tienen dificultades para hacer un buen proceso.
Legal Accountability for Health Crises
Authors: Aaron Daniel G. , Levitin Adam J. , Sinha Michael S.
Published: September 2024

This Viewpoint examines the US Supreme Court’s decision in Harrington v Purdue Pharma and the ramifications it could have for public health and medicine.
Dermatology Encounters After Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: Veerabagu Surya A. , Liao Kai-Ping , Jambusaria-Pahlajani Anokhi , Wheless Lee , Wehner Mackenzie R.
Published: September 2024

This cohort study describes the use of the Skin and UV Neoplasia Transplant Risk Assessment Calculator tool for transplant recipients.
Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts After Direct or Indirect Psychotherapy
Authors: van Ballegooijen Wouter , Rawee Josine , Palantza Christina , Miguel Clara , Harrer Mathias , Cristea Ioana , de Winter Remco , Gilissen Renske , Eikelenboom Merijn , Beekman Aartjan , Cuijpers Pim
Published: September 2024

Importance

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are debilitating mental health problems that are often treated with indirect psychotherapy (ie, psychotherapy that focuses on other mental health problems, such as depression or personality disorders). The effects of direct and indirect psychotherapy on suicidal ideation have not yet been examined in a meta-analysis, and several trials have been published since a previous meta-analysis examined the effect size of direct and indirect psychotherapy on suicide attempts.

Objective

To investigate the effect sizes of direct and indirect psychotherapy on suicidal ideation and the incidence of suicide attempts.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for articles published up until April 1, 2023.

Study Selection

Randomized clinical trials of psychotherapy for any mental health problem, delivered in any setting, compared with any control group, and reporting suicidal ideation or suicide attempts were included. Studies measuring suicidal ideation with 1 item were excluded.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

PRISMA guidelines were followed. Summary data were extracted by 2 independent researchers and pooled using 3-level meta-analyses.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Hedges g was pooled for suicidal ideation and relative risk (RR) was pooled for suicide attempts.

Results

Of 15 006 studies identified, 147 comprising 193 comparisons and 11 001 participants were included. Direct and indirect psychotherapy conditions were associated with reduced suicidal ideation (direct: g, −0.39; 95% CI, −0.53 to −0.24; I2, 83.2; indirect: g, −0.30; 95% CI, −0.42 to −0.18; I2, 52.2). Direct and indirect psychotherapy conditions were also associated with reduced suicide attempts (direct: RR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.84; I2, 40.5; indirect: RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.95; I2, 0). Sensitivity analyses largely confirmed these results.

Conclusions and Relevance

Direct and indirect interventions had similar effect sizes for reducing suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Suicide prevention strategies could make greater use of indirect treatments to provide effective interventions for people who would not likely seek treatment for suicidal ideation or self-harm.
Evolution of Al2Cu Secondary Phase and Precipitation Strengthening of 2219 Al Alloy with Ultrasonic Melt Treatment, Hot Rolling, and Solution Aging
Authors: Cai Jinxin , Zhang Li , Lu Guangxi , Wu Lihong , Wang Liguo , Guan Shaokang
Published: September 2024

This study aims to clarify the combined effect of ultrasonic melt treatment (UST), hot rolling and solution aging (HRSA) on the evolution of the Al2Cu secondary phase in 2219 Al alloy toward the optimization of its mechanical properties for high‐performance structural applications. The results show that UST is beneficial for modifying the morphology and reducing the size of the secondary phase (by an average of 17.9%), and conducive to increasing the Cu content in the Al matrix (by an average of 37.5%) during solidification. The genetic effects of UST on the microstructure generated during HRSA result in denser and finer θ′/θ″ Al2Cu particles precipitating in the α‐Al matrix, with a 62.1% increase in the precipitates volume in the HRSA sample. Theoretical calculations confirm that precipitation strengthening is the predominant mechanism for strength improvement of 2219 Al alloy after UST and HRSA. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (EL) of the HRSA alloy without UST are 329, 214 MPa, and 11.9%, respectively, while these parameters are increased by 12.5% (to 370 MPa), 9.8% (to 235 MPa), and 17.6% (to 14.0%) for the UST alloy, respectively.
High‐Throughput Production of Gelatin‐Based Touch‐Spun Nanofiber for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ismail Md Farhad , Wu Rong , Khodamoradi Maedeh , Hassan Islam , Selvaganapathy P. Ravi
Published: September 2024

Nanofiber production techniques have become increasingly important due to their wide range of applications. However, the complex design of the setup and difficulty in scaling up to high production rate have limited the industrial applicability of some of the conventional fiber generation techniques such as electrospinning. Herein, the touch spinning method is scaled up for nanofiber production using a simple rotating drawing setup with polymers that are relevant for biomedical applications such as polyethylene oxide and gelatin. The process is amenable to use of benign solvent such as water and production of a wide variety of submicron‐scale gelatin‐based nanofibers at a high throughput (≈2.45 g hr−1 with the single channel flow), which is an order of magnitude higher than those produced by other fiber generation methods is shown. The parametric study indicates that the fiber production process can be tuned at a desired rate without sacrificing the fiber quality by simply altering the number of drawing rods, the size of the rotating disk, and the number of solution flow supply channels. The utility of this technique for different biomedical applications such as cell culture and air filtration applications is also demonstrated.
Direct Laser‐Deposited Ni36.5Co36.5Cr18Al4.5Ti4.5 Multiprincipal Component Alloy
Authors: Qi Mingyin , Zhou Kexuan , Liu Linxiang , Wang Lilin , Li Junjie , Wang Zhijun , Wang Jincheng
Published: September 2024

Multiprincipal component alloys (MPCAs) have been extensively investigated and shown promising properties. The MPCAs also provide a new class of metallic alloys for additive manufacturing. Herein, a precipitation‐strengthened Ni36.5Co36.5Cr18Al4.5Ti4.5 MPCA is fabricated by direct laser deposition (DLD). The overall formability of the bulk is very good, only a few cracks exist near the bottom of the substrate. The as‐deposited samples feature a unidirectional epitaxial columnar grain microstructure with a high volume fraction (about 44%) of dispersed nanoscale γ′ phases and demonstrate a <100>//build direction texture. The as‐deposited samples exhibit a high yield strength about 896 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength about 1173 MPa, and an elongation about 17% along the build direction. These results demonstrate the feasibility of DLD for producing high‐volume fraction precipitation‐strengthened MPCAs without defects.
Superior Li‐Ion Transport in LiNb0.5Ta0.5Cl6
Authors: Lei Ming , Li Bo , Yin Rongrong , Ji Xiulei David , Jiang De‐en
Published: September 2024

Halide‐based solid‐state electrolytes have emerged as promising candidates for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. Among them, amorphous LiTaCl6 and LiNbCl6 have shown remarkable conductivities at room temperature, up to 11.0 and 13.5 mS cm−1 at 298.15 K, respectively. Surpassing these values, molecular dynamics simulations based on machine‐learning force fields predict that the Li‐ion conductivity in LiNb0.5Ta0.5Cl6 can reach 15.7 mS cm−1 at 298.15 K with an activation energy of 0.146 eV. Li‐ion mobility is found to correlate with the degree of anharmonic cation‐anion coupling: LiNb0.5Ta0.5Cl6 shows the strongest coupling of low‐frequency Li‐ion modes with Cl‐ion vibration modes. Despite the many similarities between Nb and Ta, this work demonstrates that when both are present, the synergy between Nb and Ta can result in significantly enhanced  superionic Li‐ion conductivity in LiNb0.5Ta0.5Cl6, surpassing that observed in both LiTaCl6 and LiNbCl6.
Reversible Emission Color, Brightness, and Shape Changes of AIEgen‐containing Bulk Polymers
Authors: Wang Kaojin , Si Han , Du Xianchao , Han Pengbo , Mei Gaohuai , Cheng Yanhua , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: September 2024

Bulk polymers generally exhibit faster response, higher shape‐deformation speed, and stronger mechanical properties than the hydrogels. However, it still remains a formidable challenge to enable bulk polymers to exhibit reversible changes in shape and fluorescence simultaneously. Herein, for the first time, the temperature‐responsive reversible changes in fluorescence color, brightness, and shape of semi‐crystalline poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) network doped with a D‐A based aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) is realized. The fabricated flower‐like and dragonfly‐shaped actuators show reversible blooming‐closing and wing fanning behaviors, respectively, as well as reversible fluorescence‐changing effects. Notably, the response and shape‐deformation speed as well as mechanical properties of the system is much better than the reported hydrogels. Moreover, a smart switch is developed to demonstrate the potential applications. The stick fabricated by the sample can lift and release an object 1000 times larger than its weight, serving as a color‐changing artificial muscle. This material design strategy may shine light on the design and preparation of other reversible shape‐deformation polymers in combination with stimuli‐responsive luminescence‐changing AIEgens, such as mechanochromic, thermochromic, and photochromic luminogens.
Flexible Porous Ag2Se Films: From Freestanding Inorganic Films to Inorganic‐Network/Organic‐Skeleton Thermoelectric Generators
Authors: Wang Hengyang , Lin Xinyu , Han Guang , Zhang Bin , Chen Yao , Zhang Lin , Lu Xu , Wang Guoyu , Zhou Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2024

Silver selenide (Ag2Se) flexible films are promising near‐room‐temperature thermoelectric candidates for low‐grade heat harvesting. However, existing Ag2Se films are generally attached on substrates, which impedes further flexibility improvement of the films and constrains the scenarios of applications. Here a cost‐effective and scalable strategy is presented, which combines screen printing and annealing, for synthesizing freestanding Ag2Se inorganic films with different densities of pores. High‐density pores and thin thickness endow the films with high flexibility, while films with low‐density pores obtain higher power factor. Furthermore, by utilizing the porous microstructure, a composite structure consisting of a Ag2Se conductive network and an organic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) skeleton is fabricated, which further improves films’ stability under bending and torsion. Finally, a flexible thermoelectric generator comprising five Ag2Se/PDMS legs and encapsulated PDMS outputs a voltage of 20.2 mV and a maximum power of 810 nW (the corresponding power density is 5.4 W m−2) at a temperature difference of 30 K, verifying potential application at near room temperature. This work offers a useful paradigm for fabricating substrate‐free Ag2Se porous films with high flexibility for near‐room‐temperature thermoelectric applications.
A Novel Ce─Mn Heterojunction‐Based Multi‐Enzymatic Nanozyme with Cancer‐Specific Enzymatic Activity and Photothermal Capacity for Efficient Tumor Combination Therapy
Authors: Qiao Qianqian , Liu Zerui , Hu Fei , Xu Ziqiang , Kuang Ying , Li Cao
Published: September 2024

Catalytic medicine, using enzymes or nanozymes, is an emerging method for cancer treatment. However, its applicability is limited by the low catalytic activity in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this work, a versatile and synthesis‐friendly nanozyme, CeO2Mn1.08Ox nanoclusters, is prepared. This novel Ce─Mn heterojunction is formed by oxidation of CeO2 nanoparticles through H2SO4/KMnO4. CeO2Mn1.08Ox exhibits high multi‐enzymatic catalytic activities and acts as a catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and oxidase (OXD) mimics under acidic conditions. It can regulate the TME by relieving hypoxia and consuming endogenous glutathione (GSH). Glucose oxidase (GOx) is then incorporated into CeO2Mn1.08Ox and linked with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to obtain the cascade enzyme system (Ce─Mn)‐PEI/GOx‐PEG. CeO2Mn1.08Ox exhibits CAT‐like properties, which sensitize GOx‐based starvation therapy, and POD‐ and OXD‐like properties, which generate highly cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells. The glucose catabolic product, H2O2, is also used to generate O2 and ROS. In addition, the heterojunction structure provides CeO2Mn1.08Ox with near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal capability, making it suitable for photothermal therapy (PTT). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide possible reasons for the high catalytic activity and photothermal capability of CeO2Mn1.08Ox. When combining mild PTT with catalytic therapy, the cascade enzyme system (Ce─Mn)‐PEI/GOx‐PEG can efficiently ablate tumors.
Stimuli‐Responsive Dual‐Emission Property of Single‐Luminophore‐Based Materials
Authors: Sun Hao , Shen Shen , Li Chenzi , Yu Wanting , Xie Qishan , Wu Dayu , Zhu Liangliang
Published: September 2024

Single luminophore enabling stimuli‐responsive dual‐emission characteristic has received considerable interest in recent years due to its special advantages in advanced optical events. A large number of reports around the globe have involved the dynamic or adjustable dual‐emission phenomenon (e.g., the dual emission intensity or ratio) in single‐emitter based systems. However, a systematic overview summarizing the underlying mechanisms, stimuli‐responsive behaviors, and applications of this topic is, so far, missing. To further promote the development and extend the important role of such a kind of materials in diverse communities, in this review, the latest advancements in the field of single‐luminophore based materials that exhibit stimuli‐responsive dual‐emission characteristics are summarized. The discussion is centered on the underlying the photophysical mechanisms, the innovative design approaches, strategies for modulating the dual emission properties, and the advanced applications of these single‐luminophore based systems. This review is anticipated to provide new insights into the distinctive field of the organic luminescence community from a materials perspective.
Constructing the cGAMP‐Aluminum Nanoparticles as a Vaccine Adjuvant‐Delivery System (VADS) for Developing the Efficient Pulmonary COVID‐19 Subunit Vaccines
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Can , Wei Chunliu , Chen Minnan , Gao Yuhao , Zhang Yuxi , Wang Ting
Published: September 2024

The cGAMP‐aluminum nanoparticles (CAN) are engineered as a vaccine adjuvant‐delivery system to carry mixed RBD (receptor‐binding domain) of the original severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) and its new variant for developing bivalent pulmonary coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines (biRBD‐CAN). High phosphophilicity/adsorptivity made intrapulmonary CAN instantly form the pulmonary ingredient‐coated CAN (piCAN) to possess biomimetic features enhancing biocompatibility. In vitro biRBD‐CAN sparked APCs (antigen‐presenting cells) to mature and make extra reactive oxygen species, engendered lysosome escape effects and enhanced proteasome activities. Through activating the intracellular stimulator of interferon genes (STING) and nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat and pyrin domain containing proteins 3 (NALP3) inflammasome pathways to exert synergy between cGAMP and AN, biRBD‐CAN stimulated APCs to secret cytokines favoring mixed Th1/Th2 immunoresponses. Mice bearing twice intrapulmonary biRBD‐CAN produced high levels of mucosal antibodies, the long‐lasting systemic antibodies, and potent cytotoxic T lymphocytes which efficiently erased cells displaying cognate epitopes. Notably, biRBD‐CAN existed in mouse lungs and different lymph nodes for at least 48 h, unveiling their sustained immunostimulatory activity as the main mechanism underlying the long‐lasting immunity and memory. Hamsters bearing twice intrapulmonary biRBD‐CAN developed high resistance to pseudoviral challenges performed using different recombinant strains including the ones with distinct SARS‐CoV‐2‐spike mutations. Thus, biRBD‐CAN as a broad‐spectrum pulmonary COVID‐19 vaccine candidate may provide a tool for controlling the emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants.
A Study on Overcoming Post‐TACE Drug Resistance in HCC Based on Controllable Oxygen Release‐Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy
Authors: Huang Jin‐Xin , Zhang Wei‐Hua , Wu Ye‐Ming , Hu Jian‐Yu , Long Huan , Zhu Hai‐Dong , Zhang Jian‐Qiong , Teng Gao‐Jun , Xiong Fei
Published: September 2024

Drug‐eluting bead transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (D‐TACE) is one of the first‐line treatment for intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the dual hypoxia microenvironment, due to inherent tumor hypoxia and TACE‐induced hypoxia, triggers drug resistance in HCC. To address this challenge, the study develops multicavitary microspheres capable of encapsulating oxygen and harnessing magnetic hyperthermia to enhance oxygen permeability. The novel multicavitary oxygen‐encapsulated magnetothermal drug‐eluting microspheres (OTD‐Ms) effectively reduce hypoxia‐related proteins (HIF‐1α, VEGF‐A) and drug resistance (P‐gp) both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, these microspheres demonstrate improved TACE efficacy and enhance survival rates in a rabbit VX‐2 tumor model, suggesting their potential for HCC treatment.
Twist‐Controlled Ferroelectricity and Emergent Multiferroicity in WSe2 Bilayers
Authors: Hassan Yasir , Singh Budhi , Joe Minwoong , Son Byoung‐Min , Ngo Tien Dat , Jang Younggeun , Sett Shaili , Singha Arup , Biswas Rabindra , Bhakar Monika , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Raghunathan Varun , Sheet Goutam , Lee Zonghoon , Yoo Won Jong , Srivastava Pawan Kumar , Lee Changgu
Published: September 2024

Recently, researchers have been investigating artificial ferroelectricity, which arises when inversion symmetry is broken in certain R‐stacked, i.e., zero‐degree twisted, van der Waals (vdW) bilayers. Here, the study reports the twist‐controlled ferroelectricity in tungsten diselenide (WSe2) bilayers. The findings show noticeable room temperature ferroelectricity that decreases with twist angle within the range 0° < θ < 3°, and disappears completely for θ ≥ 4°. This variation aligns with moiré length scale‐controlled ferroelectric dynamics (0° < θ < 3°), while loss beyond 4° may relate to twist‐controlled commensurate to non‐commensurate transitions. This twist‐controlled ferroelectricity serves as a spectroscopic tool for detecting transitions between commensurate and incommensurate moiré patterns. At 5.5 K, 3° twisted WSe2 exhibits ferroelectric and correlation‐driven ferromagnetic ordering, indicating twist‐controlled multiferroic behavior. The study offers insights into twist‐controlled coexisting ferro‐ordering and serves as valuable spectroscopic tools.
GraphBNC: Machine Learning‐Aided Prediction of Interactions Between Metal Nanoclusters and Blood Proteins
Authors: Pihlajamäki Antti , Matus María Francisca , Malola Sami , Häkkinen Hannu
Published: September 2024

Hybrid nanostructures between biomolecules and inorganic nanomaterials constitute a largely unexplored field of research, with the potential for novel applications in bioimaging, biosensing, and nanomedicine. Developing such applications relies critically on understanding the dynamical properties of the nano–bio interface. This work introduces and validates a strategy to predict atom‐scale interactions between water‐soluble gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and a set of blood proteins (albumin, apolipoprotein, immunoglobulin, and fibrinogen). Graph theory and neural networks are utilized to predict the strengths of interactions in AuNC–protein complexes on a coarse‐grained level, which are then optimized in Monte Carlo‐based structure search and refined to atomic‐scale structures. The training data is based on extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of AuNC–protein complexes, and the validating MD simulations show the robustness of the predictions. This strategy can be generalized to any complexes of inorganic nanostructures and biomolecules provided that one generates enough data about the interactions, and the bioactive parts of the nanostructure can be coarse‐grained rationally.
Graphene Decorated With Mo3S7 Clusters for Sensing CO2
Authors: Casanova‐Chafer Juan , Llobet Eduard , Feliz Marta
Published: September 2024

This paper reports for the first time a gas‐sensitive nanohybrid based on trinuclear molybdenum sulfido clusters ((Bu4N)2[Mo3(μ3‐S)(μ‐S2)3Cl6] (Mo3S7)) supported on graphene flakes (Mo3S7@Graphene). The nanomaterial, once implemented in a chemoresistive device, changes its electrical resistivity when exposed, at room temperature (RT), to toxic and harmful gases, such as hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and benzene. Particularly, the Mo3S7@Graphene hybrid shows an outstanding sensing performance toward CO2. Theoretical calculations provide a better understanding of the plausible gas sensing mechanisms. These findings open the door for a new generation of molybdenum sulfido cluster‐based sensors in which electronic interrogation can be implemented, advancing toward the realization of highly sensitive gas sensing.
N‐Type Molecular Thermoelectrics Based on Solution‐Doped Indenofluorene‐Dimalononitrile: Simultaneous Enhancement of Doping Level and Molecular Order
Authors: Wang Suhao , Wei Huan , Rillaerts Antoine , Deneme İbrahim , Depriester Michael , Manikandan Suraj , Andreasen Jens Wenzel , Daoudi Abdelylah , Peralta Sébastien , Longuemart Stéphane , Usta Hakan , Cornil Jérôme , Hu Yuanyuan , Pisula Wojciech
Published: September 2024

The development of n‐type organic thermoelectric materials, especially π‐conjugated small molecules, lags far behind their p‐type counterparts, due primarily to the scarcity of efficient electron‐transporting molecules and the typically low electron affinities of n‐type conjugated molecules that leads to inefficient n‐doping. Herein, the n‐doping of two functionalized (carbonyl vs dicyanovinylene) indenofluorene‐based conjugated small molecules, 2,8‐bis(5‐(2‐octyldodecyl)thien‐2‐yl)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐dione (TIFDKT) and 2,2′‐(2,8‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐diylidene)dimalononitrile (TIFDMT) are demonstrated, with n‐type dopant N‐DMBI. While TIFDKT shows decent miscibility with N‐DMBI, it can be hardly n‐doped owing to its insufficiently low LUMO. On the other hand, TIFDMT, despite a poorer miscibility with N‐DMBI, can be efficiently n‐doped, reaching a respectable electrical conductivity of 0.16 S cm−1. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirm the efficient n‐doping of TIFDMT. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the LUMO frontier orbital energy of TIFDMT is much lower, and its wave function is more delocalized compared to TIFDKT. Additionally, the polarons are more delocalized in the n‐doped TIFDMT. Remarkably, as indicated by the grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS), the molecular order for TIFDMT thin‐film is enhanced by n‐doping, leading to more favorable packing with edge‐on orientation and shorter π‐π stacking distances (from 3.61 to 3.36 Å). This induces more efficient charge transport in the doped state. Upon optimization, a decent thermoelectric power factor of 0.25 µWm−1K−2 is achieved for n‐doped TIFDMT. This work reveals the effect of carbonyl vs dicyanovinylene on the n‐doping efficiency, microstructure evolution upon doping and thermoelectric performance, offering a stepping stone for the future design of efficient n‐type thermoelectric molecules.
Synthesis of Rutaecarpine Analogues by Borrowing Hydrogen Strategy
Authors: Wang Liangfeng , Zhang Linfeng , Zhou Chao , Gou Tiantian , Chen Nan‐Ying , Feng Ke , Li Shiqing , Su Jun‐Cheng , Yu Jingxian , Wang Guixia , Kong Xiangfei
Published: September 2024

A series of rutaecarpine analogues were synthesized in 11–90% yields via an iron (II) phthalocyanine‐catalyzed N‐alkylation reaction of 3‐hydroxyethyl quinazolinone‐linked indole. Mechanistic investigation revealed that the formation of C−N bonds in the cyclization reaction occurs through intramolecular borrowing hydrogen annulation. The crucial intermediates in this process were verified by LC–MS analysis and DFT calculations, further supporting the proposed mechanism. Furthermore, biological evaluation demonstrated that some of the synthesized rutaecarpine analogues exhibited good anti‐inflammatory activity.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of α‐Substituted Amines to Lactams/Amides
Authors: Kumar Manish , Kumar Pawan , Das Utpal
Published: September 2024

We, herein, report a base free, photocatalytic decyanation of α‐aminonitriles. A range of amides and lactams were obtained in 52–95% yields. Control experiments indicate O2 as an amide/lactam oxygen source and the reaction (lactam formation) follows radical pathway via dioxetanimine species. This methodology also applied for α‐ester/aldehyde substituted pyrrolidines in the presence of a base, probably via decarboxylation pathway.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Stereoselective C(sp3)−C(sp3)−H Glycosylation for the Synthesis of C‐Glycoamino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Lv Guanghui , Ruan Pingping , Sun Hui , Zhu Yafei , Wang Mi , Zhang Cuimei , Chen Jian , Guo Li , Wu Yong
Published: September 2024

Chiral C‐Glycosyl amino acids are prevalent structural motifs found in pharmaceuticals and natural products, making them a significant dimension for exploration in modern pharmaceutical and medicinal chemistry. However, the current synthesis methods for these compounds face numerous environmental and practical challenges, highlighting the critical need to establish more sustainable approaches. Herein, we report a simple and powerful strategy for the stereoselective synthesis of C‐glycoamino acids derivatives. This method features the design and use of (−)/(+)‐camphorsultam as an ideal chiral auxiliary, shielding one prochiral face of the glycine α‐carbon efficiently and imposing a high kinetic barrier for the epimerization of thus‐generated chiral α‐carbon that two configuration products of R and S could be achieved independently. It proceeds under mild conditions, shows broad scope, and allows for the direct stereoselective glycosylation without metal and chiral ligand.
Targeting MCH Neuroendocrine Circuit in Lateral Hypothalamus to Protect Against Skeletal Senescence
Authors: Guo Bin , Zhu Yong , Lu Shuai , Chen Xiangming , Ren Zhuoqun , Liu Yuqi , Luo Hao , Wang Chao , Yang Xucheng , Zhu Jianxi
Published: September 2024

Neuroendocrine regulation is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. However, whether neuroendocrine pathway influence bone metabolism and skeletal senescence is unelucidated. Here, a central neuroendocrine circuit is identified that directly controls osteogenesis. Using virus based tracing, this study is identified that melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) are connected to the bone. Chemogenetic activation of MCH neurons in the LH induces osteogenesis, whereas inhibiting these neurons reduces osteogenesis. Meanwhile, MCH is released into the circulation upon chemogenetic activation of these neurons. Single cell sequencing reveals that blocking MCH neurons in the LH diminishes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and induces senescence. Mechanistically, MCH promotes BMSC differentiation by activating MCHR1 via PKA signaling, and activating MCHR1 by MCH agonists attenuate skeletal senescence in mice. By elucidating a brain‐bone connection that autonomously enhances osteogenesis, these findings uncover the neuroendocrinological mechanisms governing bone mass regulation and protect against skeletal senescence.
Inherent Temporal Metamaterials with Unique Time‐Varying Stiffness and Damping
Authors: Liu Zhiyuan , Yi Kaijun , Sun Haopeng , Zhu Rui , Zhou Xiaoming , Hu Gengkai , Huang Guoliang
Published: September 2024

Time‐varying metamaterials offer new degrees of freedom for wave manipulation and enable applications unattainable with conventional materials. In these metamaterials, the pattern of temporal inhomogeneity is crucial for effective wave control. However, existing studies have only demonstrated abrupt changes in properties within a limited range or time modulation following simple patterns. This study presents the design, construction, and characterization of a novel temporal elastic metamaterial with complex time‐varying constitutive parameters induced by self‐reconfigurable virtual resonators (VRs). These VRs, achieved by simulating the resonating behavior of mechanical resonators in digital space, function as virtualized meta‐atoms. The autonomously time‐varying VRs cause significant temporal variations in both the stiffness and loss factor of the metamaterial. By programming the time‐domain behavior of the VRs, the metamaterial's constitutive parameters can be modulated according to desired periodic or aperiodic patterns. The proposed time‐varying metamaterial has demonstrated capabilities in shaping the amplitudes and frequency spectra of waves in the time domain. This work not only facilitates the development of materials with sophisticated time‐varying properties but also opens new avenues for low‐frequency signal processing in future communication systems.
Mitochondrial‐Derived Peptide MOTS‐c Suppresses Ovarian Cancer Progression by Attenuating USP7‐Mediated LARS1 Deubiquitination
Authors: Yin Yadong , Li Yujie , Ma Boyi , Ren Chenlu , Zhao Shuhua , Li Jia , Gong Yun , Yang Hong , Li Jibin
Published: September 2024

Mitochondrial‐nuclear communication plays a vital role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. MOTS‐c, a short peptide derived from the 12S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA, has been suggested as a retrograde mitochondrial signal. Although recent clinical studies have suggested a possible link between MOTS‐c and human cancer, the role of MOTS‐c in tumorigenesis has yet to be investigated. Here, MOTS‐c levels are found to be reduced in both serum and tumor tissues from ovarian cancer (OC) patients, which are associated with poor patients’ prognosis. Exogenous MOTS‐c inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of OC cells, and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Mechanistically, MOTS‐c interacts with LARS1 and promotes its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In addition, USP7 was identified as a deubiquitinase of LARS1, and MOTS‐c can attenuates USP7‐mediated LARS1 deubiquitination by competing with USP7 for binding to LARS1. Besides, LARS1 was found to be increased and play an important oncogenic function in OC. More importantly, MOTS‐c displays a marked anti‐tumor effect on OC growth without systemic toxicity in vivo. In conclusion, this study reveals a crucial role of MOTS‐c in OC and provides a possibility for MOTS‐c as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this manlignacy.
An Injection Molded SlipChip with Self‐Sampling for Integrated Point‐of‐Care Testing of Human Papilloma Virus
Authors: Zhang Jiajie , Dong Zhangli , Xu Lei , Han Xu , Sheng Zheyi , Chen Weiyu , Zheng Jiayi , Lai Dongmei , Shen Feng
Published: September 2024

High‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) screening is crucial for cervical cancer prevention. However, laboratory‐based nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) require costly equipment, designated lab space, and skilled personnel. Additionally, cervical swabs collected by healthcare professionals can be inconvenient, uncomfortable, and reduce privacy, limiting broader application and patient compliance. A SlipChip‐based Integrated Point‐of‐Care (SIPOC) system featuring an injection‐molded SlipChip is presented with preloaded reagents for nucleic acid extraction and a portable four‐channel real‐time quantitative PCR instrument for detection. This system incorporates a self‐sampling method that allows participants to collect their own vaginal swabs, with the β‐Globin gene as a control. After testing 130 participants for HPV‐16 and HPV‐18, 97.7% of the self‐collected samples are valid. Among valid samples, 25 tested positive for HPV‐16 and 9 for HPV‐18. Compared to Roche's standard HPV PCR test, the SIPOC system shows 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for both HPV‐16 and HPV‐18 and negative predictive values (NPVs) of 99.0% and 99.1%, respectively. This system is promising for HPV screening in resource‐limited settings and adaptable for other point‐of‐care NAAT applications, including home testing.
Solar‐Driven Evaporator With “Starburst Turbine” Design Featuring Directional Salt Crystallization, Antibacterial, and Catalytic Multifunctionality for Efficient Water Purification
Authors: Yu Jiahui , Li Lele , Liu Yuxuan , Wen Jie , Liu Shu , Li Jiye , Ning Junyi , Shao Changxiang , Wu Tao , Liu Bing
Published: September 2024

Facing the global challenge of water scarcity, solar‐driven desalination is considered a sustainable technology for obtaining freshwater from seawater. However, issues such as uncontrolled salt crystallization and bacterial contamination limit its efficiency and practicality. This study proposes an innovative solar‐driven evaporator designed to address these challenges using optimized shape design and advanced photothermal materials. Based on finite element analyses, cylindrical evaporators with a “Starburst Turbine” shape are designed and fabricated, achieving directional salt crystallization and a record‐breaking water collection rate of 3.56 kg m−2 h−1 and an evaporation rate of 4.57 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun illumination. During continuous 60‐h illumination tests, the evaporator maintained a stable evaporation rate, attributed to its excellent directional salt crystallization capability. Additionally, the evaporator demonstrates superior photodynamic antibacterial performance and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Under one sun illumination for 1 h, it achieves 100% sterilization of S. aureus and E. coli, and a 95.4% degradation of methylene blue (MB), demonstrating its potential to purify various wastewater types. These findings underscore the significant scientific and practical value of integrating antibacterial and photocatalytic functions into solar water purification materials, providing a sustainable solution to global water scarcity challenges and environmental protection.