bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Objective assessment of stored blood quality by deep learning
Authors: Doan Minh , Sebastian Joseph A. , Caicedo Juan C. , Siegert Stefanie , Roch Aline , Turner Tracey R. , Mykhailova Olga , Pinto Ruben N. , McQuin Claire , Goodman Allen , J. Parsons Michael , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Hennig Holger , Singh Shantanu , Wilson Anne , Acker Jason P. , Rees Paul , Kolios Michael C. , Carpenter Anne E.
Published: November 2024

Significance

We developed a strategy to avoid human subjectivity by assessing the quality of red blood cells using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning. We successfully automated traditional expert assessment by training a computer with example images of healthy and unhealthy morphologies. However, we noticed that experts disagree on ∼18% of cells, so instead of relying on experts’ visual assessment, we taught a deep-learning network the degradation phenotypes objectively from images of red blood cells sampled over time. Although training with diverse samples is needed to create and validate a clinical-grade model, doing so would eliminate subjective assessment and facilitate research. The time-based deep-learning strategy may also prove useful for other biological progressions, such as development and disease progression.

Abstract

Stored red blood cells (RBCs) are needed for life-saving blood transfusions, but they undergo continuous degradation. RBC storage lesions are often assessed by microscopic examination or biochemical and biophysical assays, which are complex, time-consuming, and destructive to fragile cells. Here we demonstrate the use of label-free imaging flow cytometry and deep learning to characterize RBC lesions. Using brightfield images, a trained neural network achieved 76.7% agreement with experts in classifying seven clinically relevant RBC morphologies associated with storage lesions, comparable to 82.5% agreement between different experts. Given that human observation and classification may not optimally discern RBC quality, we went further and eliminated subjective human annotation in the training step by training a weakly supervised neural network using only storage duration times. The feature space extracted by this network revealed a chronological progression of morphological changes that better predicted blood quality, as measured by physiological hemolytic assay readouts, than the conventional expert-assessed morphology classification system. With further training and clinical testing across multiple sites, protocols, and instruments, deep learning and label-free imaging flow cytometry might be used to routinely and objectively assess RBC storage lesions. This would automate a complex protocol, minimize laboratory sample handling and preparation, and reduce the impact of procedural errors and discrepancies between facilities and blood donors. The chronology-based machine-learning approach may also improve upon humans’ assessment of morphological changes in other biomedically important progressions, such as differentiation and metastasis.
Monitoring Quantitative Ultrasound Parameter Changes in a Cell Pellet Model of Cell Starvation
Authors: Wirtzfeld Lauren A. , Berndl Elizabeth S. L. , Czarnota Gregory J. , Kolios Michael C.
Published: November 2024

Although it has previously been shown that the spectral analysis of ultrasound backscatter data is sensitive to the cellular changes caused by apoptosis, the sensitivity of spectral analysis to oncosis or ischemic cell death had not previously been studied. Whereas many anticancer treatments induce apoptosis, others induce cell starvation, or oncosis. HT-29 colon adenocarcinoma cells were formed into pellets and covered in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature for 56 h. The pellets were imaged every 8 h with high-frequency (55 MHz) ultrasound and the raw radio-frequency data processed. The lack of nutrients available to the cells induced cell death due to oncosis. The attenuation slope, speed of sound, spectral slope, and midband fit were estimated at each of the eight time points to identify changes as the cells died due to starvation. The spectral slope decreased monotonically over the 56 h, whereas the attenuation slope showed an increase between 1 and 48 h, followed by a slight decrease between 48 and 56 h. The midband fit did not vary over time. The speed of sound increased from 1514 to 1532 m/s over the first 24 h, after which time it plateaued. These in vitro results indicate different trends in ultrasound parameter changes from those of in vitro apoptotic cells, suggesting that these different methods of cell death can be identified not only by morphological markers, but also by specific ultrasound signatures.
Ultrasound Imaging of Apoptosis in Tumor Response: Novel Preclinical Monitoring of Photodynamic Therapy Effects
Authors: Banihashemi Behzad , Vlad Roxana , Debeljevic Branislav , Giles Anoja , Kolios Michael C. , Czarnota Gregory J.
Published: November 2024

High-frequency ultrasound is a novel method to detect apoptotic cell death based on changes in cell morphology that cause alterations in the viscoelastic and, consequently, the acoustic properties of cell ensembles and tissues. In this study, we evaluated the first preclinical tumor-based use of high-frequency ultrasound spectroscopy to noninvasively monitor tumor treatment by following xenograft malignant melanoma tumor responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) in vivo. We observed a time-dependant increase in ultrasound backscatter variables after treatment. The observed increases in spectroscopic variables correlated with morphologic findings, indicating increases in apoptotic cell death, which peaked at 24 hours after PDT. We analyzed the changes in spectral slope and backscatter in relation to apoptosis and histologic variations in cell nuclear size. Changes in spectral slope strongly correlated with the changes in mean nuclear size over time, associated with apoptosis, after PDT (P < 0.05). At 48 hours, a decrease in ultrasound backscatter was observed, which could be explained by an increase in cell nuclear degradation. In summary, we show that high-frequency ultrasound spectroscopic variables can be used noninvasively to monitor response after treatment in a preclinical tumor cancer model. These findings provide a foundation for future investigations regarding the use of ultrasound to monitor and aid the customization of treatments noninvasively based on responses to specific interventions.
Opto-Acoustic Image Reconstruction and Motion Tracking Using Convex Optimization
Authors: Zalev Jason , Kolios Michael C.
Published: November 2024

Opto-acoustic imaging systems detect acoustic waves produced by optical absorption to visualize molecular contrast in biological tissue. This permits non-invasive vascular assessment of benign and malignant tumors. In this article, we describe a framework to iteratively determine the motion of an opto-acoustic probe during a minimization-based image reconstruction process. The probe emits light and uses an ultrasonic transducer array to acquire data for cross-sectional slices of tissue. To improve visibility, our technique uses multiple 2D slices to perform 3D volumetric reconstruction. Our model includes wavelength-specific optical absorption, position-dependent illumination and a realistic transducer element geometry. We investigate this technique using simulated, experimentally collected, and clinically acquired data. By performing 3D image reconstruction on a digital phantom, we demonstrate estimation of elevational probe motion without external sensors. We compare images of a benign lesion from a clinical breast imaging study and observe significant artifact reduction and contrast-to-background ratio improvement using our technique. The approach has potential to improve opto-acoustic image visibility for assessment of breast cancer or other diseases.
Bursting Microbubbles: How Nanobubble Contrast Agents Can Enable the Future of Medical Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy
Authors: Exner Agata A. , Kolios Michael C.
Published: November 2024

The field of medical ultrasound has undergone a significant evolution since the development of microbubbles as contrast agents. However, due to their size, microbubbles remain in the vasculature, and therefore have limited clinical applications. Building a better – and smaller – bubble can expand the applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound by allowing bubbles to extravasate from blood vessels – creating new opportunities. In this review, we summarize recent research on the formulation and use of NBs as imaging agents and as therapeutic vehicles. We discuss the ongoing debates in the field and reluctance to accepting NBs as an acoustically active construct and a potentially impactful clinical tool that can help shape the future of medical ultrasound. We hope that the overview of key experimental and theoretical findings in the NB field presented in this paper provides a fundamental framework that will help clarify NB-ultrasound interactions and inspire engagement in the field.
A tutorial in photoacoustic microscopy and tomography signal processing methods
Authors: Hysi Eno , Moore Michael
J. , Strohm Eric M. , Kolios Michael C.
Published: November 2024

Over the last two and a half decades, photoacoustic (PA) imaging has become an important area of research in biomedical optics. Combining the high contrast of optical imaging with the high spatial resolution of ultrasound (US) imaging, PA imaging can simultaneously visualize anatomical structures while interrogating their functionality through multiwavelength optical spectroscopy. Alongside technological developments and imaging applications in optical and acoustic resolution PA imaging, a family of PA signal analysis techniques can extract additional information about the sample being imaged. This Tutorial focuses on techniques that rely on the analysis of PA signals in a manner similar to that in the complimentary field of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging of soft tissues. In QUS, signal analysis techniques have been developed to analyze the US signals resulting from the scattering of many unresolved scatterers within the resolution volume of the imaging device. The implementation of these US techniques in PA can enable new applications in biomedicine beyond traditional anatomical PA imaging, further increasing the utilization and impact of this promising modality.
Mean Scatterer Spacing Estimation Using Cepstrum-Based Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Nasr Remie , Falou Omar , Shahin Ahmad , Hysi Eno , Wirtzfeld Lauren A. , Berndl Elizabeth S. L. , Kolios Michael C.
Published: November 2024

The goal of this study was to develop an ultrasound (US) scatterer spacing estimation method using an enhanced cepstral analysis based on continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs). Simulations of backscattering media containing periodic and quasi-periodic scatterers were carried out to test the developed algorithm. Experimental data from HT-29 pellets and in vivo PC3 tumors were then used to estimate the mean scatterer spacing. For simulated media containing quasi-periodic scatterers at 1-mm and 100-μm spacing with 5% positional variation, the developed algorithm yielded a spacing estimation error of ~1% for 25and 55-MHz US pulses. The mean scatterer spacing of HT-29 cell pellets (31.97 μm) was within 3% of the spacing obtained from histology and agreed with the predicted spacing from simulations based on the same pellets for both frequencies. The agreement extended to in vivo PC3 tumors estimation of the spacing with a variance of 1.68% between the spacing derived from the tumor histology and the application of the CWT to the experimental results. The developed technique outperformed the traditional cepstral methods as it can detect nonprominent peaks from quasi-random scatterer configurations. This work can be potentially used to detect morphological tissue changes during normal development or disease treatment.
In situ forming implants exposed to ultrasound enhance therapeutic efficacy in subcutaneous murine tumors
Authors: Jeganathan Selva , Budziszewski Emily , Bielecki Peter , Kolios Michael C. , Exner Agata A.
Published: November 2024

In situ forming implants (ISFIs) allow for a high initial intratumoral concentration and sustained release of the chemotherapeutic. However, clinical translation is impeded primarily due to limited drug penetration from the tumor/boundary interface and poor intratumoral drug retention. Therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) has become a popular approach for improving drug penetration of transdermal devices and increasing cellular uptake of nanoparticles. These effects are driven by the mechanical and thermal bioeffects associated with TUS. In this study, we characterize the released drug penetration, retention, and overall therapeutic response when exposing ISFI to the combination of the mechanical and thermal effects of TUS (C-TUS). ISFIs were intratumorally injected into subcutaneous murine tumors then exposed to C-TUS (exposure: 5 min, duty factor: 0.33, frequency: 3 MHz, intensity: 2.2 W/cm2, pulse duration: 2 ms, pulse repetition frequency: 165 Hz, effective radiating area: 5 cm2, energy delivered: 896 J, time average intensity: 0.88 W/cm2). Tumors treated with the combination of ISFI + C-TUS demonstrated a 2.5-fold increase in maximum drug penetration and a 3-fold increase in drug retention at 5- and 8-days post-injection, respectively, compared to ISFIs without TUS exposure. These improvements in drug penetration and retention translated into an enhanced therapeutic response. Mice treated with ISFI + C-TUS showed a 62.6% reduction in tumor progression, a 50.0% increase in median survival time, and a 26.6% increase in necrotic percentage compared to ISFIs without TUS exposure. Combining intratumoral ISFIs with TUS may be beneficial for addressing some long-standing challenges with local drug delivery in cancer treatment and may serve as a viable noninvasive method to improve the poor clinical success of local drug delivery systems.
Decorrelation Time Mapping as an Analysis Tool for Nanobubble-Based Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging
Authors: Wegierak Dana , Cooley Michaela B , Perera Reshani , Wulftange William J. , Gürkan Umut A. , Kolios Michael C. , Exner Agata A.
Published: November 2024

Nanobubbles (NBs; ~100-500 nm diameter) are preclinical ultrasound (US) contrast agents that expand applications of contrast enhanced US (CEUS). Due to their sub-micron size, high particle density, and deformable shell, NBs in pathological states of heightened vascular permeability (e.g. in tumors) extravasate, enabling applications not possible with microbubbles (~1000-10,000 nm diameter). A method that can separate intravascular versus extravascular NB signal is needed as an imaging biomarker for improved tumor detection. We present a demonstration of decorrelation time (DT) mapping for enhanced tumor NB-CEUS imaging. In vitro models validated the sensitivity of DT to agent motion. Prostate cancer mouse models validated in vivo imaging potential and sensitivity to cancerous tissue. Our findings show that DT is inversely related to NB motion, offering enhanced detail of NB dynamics in tumors, and highlighting the heterogeneity of the tumor environment. Average DT was high in tumor regions (~9 s) compared to surrounding normal tissue (~1 s) with higher sensitivity to tumor tissue compared to other mapping techniques. Molecular NB targeting to tumors further extended DT (11 s) over non-targeted NBs (6 s), demonstrating sensitivity to NB adherence. From DT mapping of in vivo NB dynamics we demonstrate the heterogeneity of tumor tissue while quantifying extravascular NB kinetics and delineating intra-tumoral vasculature. This new NB-CEUS-based biomarker can be powerful in molecular US imaging, with improved sensitivity and specificity to diseased tissue and potential for use as an estimator of vascular permeability and the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect in tumors.
Controlled Tempering of Lipid Concentration and Microbubble Shrinkage as a Possible Mechanism for Fine-Tuning Microbubble Size and Shell Properties
Authors: Zalloum Intesar
O. , Jafari Sojahrood Amin , Paknahad Ali , Kolios Michael C. , S. H. Tsai Scott , Karshafian Raffi
Published: November 2024

The acoustic response of microbubbles (MBs) depends on their resonance frequency, which is dependent on the MB size and shell properties. Monodisperse MBs with tunable shell properties are thus desirable for optimizing and controlling the MB behavior in acoustics applications. By utilizing a novel microfluidic method that uses lipid concentration to control MB shrinkage, we generated monodisperse MBs of four different initial diameters at three lipid concentrations (5.6, 10.0, and 16.0 mg/mL) in the aqueous phase. Following shrinkage, we measured the MB resonance frequency and determined its shell stiffness and viscosity. The study demonstrates that we can generate monodisperse MBs of specific sizes and tunable shell properties by controlling the MB initial diameter and aqueous phase lipid concentration. Our results indicate that the resonance frequency increases by 180-210% with increasing lipid concentration (from 5.6 to 16.0 mg/mL), while the bubble diameter is kept constant. Additionally, we find that the resonance frequency decreases by 260-300% with an increasing MB final diameter (from 5 to 12 μm), while the lipid concentration is held constant. For example, our results depict that the resonance frequency increases by ∼195% with increasing lipid concentration from 5.6 to 16.0 mg/mL, for ∼11 μm final diameter MBs. Additionally, we find that the resonance frequency decreases by ∼275% with increasing MB final diameter from 5 to 12 μm when we use a lipid concentration of 5.6 mg/mL. We also determine that MB shell viscosity and stiffness increase with increasing lipid concentration and MB final diameter, and the level of change depends on the degree of shrinkage experienced by the MB. Specifically, we find that by increasing the concentration of lipids from 5.6 to 16.0 mg/mL, the shell stiffness and viscosity of ∼11 μm final diameter MBs increase by ∼400 and ∼200%, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of fine-tuning the MB acoustic response to ultrasound by tailoring the MB initial diameter and lipid concentration.
Black nurses in the nursing profession in Canada: a scoping review
Authors: Jefferies Keisha , States Chelsa , MacLennan Vanessa , Helwig Melissa , Gahagan Jacqueline , Bernard Wanda Thomas , Macdonald Marilyn , Tomblin Murphy Gail , Martin-Misener Ruth
Published: November 2024

Background

With migration occurring over a series of centuries, dating back to the 1600’s, the circumstance regarding Black people in Canada is a complex account. A plethora of social issues and the failure to adequately acknowledge and reconcile historical issues, has resulted in health inequity, disparities and knowledge gaps, related to the Black population in Canada. In nursing, historical records indicate a legacy of discrimination that continues to impact Black nurses. The profession has begun reckoning with anti-Black racism and the residual effects. This scoping review sought to chart the existing evidence on Black nurses in the nursing profession in Canada.  

Methods 

JBI methodology was used to search peer-reviewed evidence and unpublished gray literature. Sources were considered for inclusion based on criteria outlined in an a priori protocol focusing on: 1) Canada 2) Black nurses and 3) nursing practice. No restrictions were placed on date of publication and language was limited to English and French. All screening and extractions were completed by two independent reviewers.  

Results 

The database search yielded 688 records. After removing duplicates, 600 titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility and 127 advanced to full-text screening. Eighty-two full-text articles were excluded, for a total of 44 sources meeting the inclusion criteria. Seven sources were identified through gray literature search. Subsequently, 31 sources underwent data extraction. Of the 31 sources, 18 are research (n = 18), six are commentaries (n = 6); one report (n = 1) and six are classified as announcements, memoranda or policy statements (n = 6). The review findings are categorized into five conceptual categories: racism (n = 12); historical situatedness (n = 2); leadership and career progression (n = 7); immigration (n = 4); and diversity in the workforce (n = 4).  

Conclusions 

This review reveals the interconnectedness of the five conceptual categories. Racism was a prominent issue woven throughout the majority of the sources. Additionally, this review captures how racism is exacerbated by intersectional factors such as gender, class and nationality. The findings herein offer insight regarding anti-Black racism and discrimination in nursing as well as suggestions for future research including the use of diverse methodologies in different jurisdictions across the country. Lastly, the implications extend to the nursing workforce in relation to enhancing diversity and addressing the ongoing nursing shortage. 
Evaluation of the experiences and needs of users of a drug information resources website
Authors: Isenor Jennifer E. , Helwig Melissa , Weale Michael B. , Bowles Susan K.
Published: November 2024

Objective: This article describes the evaluation of the experiences and needs of users of the Drug Information Resources (DIR) website. The DIR website attracts traffic and use from around the world with the highest users in Canada and the United States.

Methods: An online questionnaire was developed through literature review and Google Analytics data. Face validity testing and test-retest reliability were completed prior to releasing the questionnaire.

Results: Although the Google Analytics data showed that the site is used internationally, most respondents were Canadian students. They used the site for academic and clinical purposes and reported it was easy to use, well organized, include required resources, and would recommend it to others. 

Conclusion: DIR was found to be a valuable resource for educational and clinical use. Future studies will aim to obtain input from international users. 
Mobile Device Use in Pharmacy: A Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Duncan Vicky , Vokey Sherri , Gordon Shannon , Helwig Melissa , Chatterley Trish
Published: November 2024

Although there are studies that explore the use of mobile devices by physicians and pharmacists, there has not been a study to date that examines the prevalence and usage patterns of mobile devices amongst pharmacy students and faculty. This is the first pan-Canadian study that examines the prevalence and patterns of use of mobile devices by pharmacy faculty and students at Anglophone and Francophone universities. Unlike previous studies, this study also included interviews with participants to collect richer data than can be gathered with an online survey alone. 
Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Harga Diri pada Mahasiswa Keperawatan Universitas Nasional
Authors: Sahira Adinda , Aisyiah Aisyiah , Suralaga Cholisah
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Adolescence is a transition phase, where a person faces changes from one phase of development to the next. A common problem that occurs as a teenager is low self-esteem. Factors that have an impact on self-esteem involve gender, social and economic aspects, age, environmental conditions, family, peers and body mass index. This research aims to know connection between support family, support Friend peer, kind gender, index period body and factor environment with price self student nursing Faculty Knowledge Health University National. Study This use design study cross- sectional. Technique taking sample use technique proportional random sampling with involving 203 respondents. Research instrument This consists from questionnaire price self, questionnaire support Friend peers, questionnaire support family and questionnaire factor environment. Questionnaire This has tested validity and reliability with mark cronbach's alpha > standard cronbach alpha. Data analyzed use chi-square for know exists connection between variable. There is connection between index mass body with price self (ρ value = 0.049) And there is connection between support family with price self (ρ value = 0.007). There is a relationship between body mass index and family support and self-esteem.  Keywords: Family Support, Peer Support, Environmental Factors, Self-Esteem  ABSTRAK Masa remaja merupakan fase transisi, dimana seseorang menghadapi perubahan dari satu fase perkembangan menuju fase selanjutnya. Masalah yang umum terjadi saat remaja adalah rendahnya harga diri. Faktor yang memiliki dampak pada harga diri melibatkan jenis kelamin, aspek sosial dan ekonomi, usia, kondisi lingkungan, keluarga, teman sebaya dan indeks massa tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara dukungan keluarga, dukungan teman sebaya, jenis kelamin, indeks masa tubuh dan faktor lingkungan dengan harga diri mahasiswa keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Nasional. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode cross-sectional dalam desain penelitiannya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik propotional random sampling yang melibatkan partisipasi 203 responden. Instrument penelitian ini terdiri dari kuesioner harga diri, kuesioner dukungan teman sebaya, kuesioner dukungan keluarga dan kuesioner faktor lingkungan. Validitas dan reliabilitas kuesioner ini telah di uji, dengan nilai cronbach’s alpha > cronbach alpha standart. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan chi-square untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antar variabel. Ada korelasi antara indeks massa tubuh dan harga diri (ρ value = 0,049), serta terdapat korelasi antara dukungan keluarga dengan harga diri (ρ value = 0,007). Ada hubungan antara indeks massa tubuh dan dukungan keluarga dengan harga diri. Kata Kunci: Dukungan Keluarga, Dukungan Teman Sebaya, Faktor Lingkungan, Harga Diri
Efektifitas Gymball untuk Menurunkan Nyeri Persalinan dan Kecemasan pada Ibu Bersalin Kala I di Yayasan Bumi Sehat Kabupaten Gianyar
Authors: Nadyutami Pande Putu Eka , Noriani Ni Ketut , Darmayanti Putu Ayu Ratna
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT One indicator of public health degree is the Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR). Safe labour does not guarantee will be without any pain, aches and feelings of anxiety. Therefore, more pregnant women prefer the SC method to the normal labour method due to the fear of pain experienced during delivery. Reducing anxiety and pain during delivery can be done through pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. One of the non-pharmacological methods is the use of a gym ball. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of gym balls on reducing labour pain and anxiety in phase I labour women at Bumi Sehat Foundation in Gianyar Regency. This study employed an accidental sampling method and recruited 32 respondents through a non-probability sampling technique according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings indicated that the gym ball is proven effective during the first stage of labour to reduce the intensity of pain and anxiety with a p-value of 0.000 (0.001) <0.05. Gymball effectively reduces mothers' pain intensity and anxiety levels in the first stage of labour. Therefore, health workers as service providers are expected to disseminate information about using gym balls as non-pharmacological methods to reduce pain and anxiety during labour. Keywords: Gymball, Pain, Anxiety, Maternity  ABSTRAK Salah satu indikator derajat kesehatan masyarakat yaitu Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) dan Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB). Berlangsungnya persalinan yang aman bukan berarti persalinan tidak disertai dengan rasa nyeri, sakit dan perasaan rasa cemas. Oleh karena itu, lebih banyak ibu memilih melahirkan dengan metode SC dibandingkan melahirkan secara normal karena takut akan membayangkan rasa sakit, dan nyeri yang akan dialami selama proses melahirkan normal. Penanganan yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi rasa kecemasan dan nyeri saat persalinan dapat dilakukan dengan metode farmakologi, maupun non-farmakologi. Adapun metode non-farmakologi salah satunya penggunaan gymball. Untuk mengetahui efektifitas gymball sebagai metode penurunan nyeri dan kecemasan pada persalinan kala I. penelitian ini menggunakan metode accidental sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 32 responden dengan teknik non probability sampling sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Terbukti bahwa gymball efektif diberikan selama persalinan kala I untuk menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan kecemasan dengan nilai p-value 0.000 (0,001) <0,05. Gymball efektif dalam menurunkan intensitas nyeri dan tingkat kecemasan ibu bersalin kala I. Sehingga diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan sebagai pemberi pelayanan untuk menyebarluaskan informasi terkait penggunaan gymball sebagai teknik non-farmakologi dalam mengurangi nyeri dan cemas saat persalinan.  Kata Kunci: Gymball, Nyeri, Kecemasan, Ibu Bersalin
Efektivitas Niacinamide Topikal terhadap Hidrasi Kulit pada Individu dengan Akne Vulgaris
Authors: Permatasari Nabila Jingga , Tan Sukmawati Tansil
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT Nowadays, many skincare products use niacinamide as their base ingredient. Niacinamide, also known as vitamin B3, has the potential to enhance ceramide synthesis and improve the skin barrier function. Due to those potentials, niacinamide can improve someone’s skin hydration level. To find out the efficacy of topical niacinamide on skin hydration levels on individuals with acne vulgaris. Through a quasi-experimental study design, this study was conducted for 21 days at 75 North Jakarta State High School with respondents of 59 people who are suffering from acne vulgaris. The method that was used to collect the data involves measuring the level of skin hydration of the face before and after niacinamide serum intervention was given to respondents aged 15-18 years old. According to Wilcoxon’s statistic test, a significant change was achieved between the rate of skin hydration prior to and after intervention with niacinamide serum for 21 days (p-value < 0,001) with pre-evaluation values of 32% and after 41,5%. Topical use of niacinamide can increase someone’s skin hydration level.  Keywords: Niacinamide, Skin Hydration, Acne Vulgaris, Skincare  ABSTRAK Dewasa ini, produk perawatan kulit banyak yang menggunakan niacinamide sebagai bahan dasarnya. Niacinamide atau vitamin B3 sendiri memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan sintesis seramid dan memperbaiki fungsi penghalang kulit sehingga dapat meningkatkan hidrasi kulit. Untuk mencari efektivitas penggunaan niacinamide secara topikal terhadap tingkat hidrasi kulit pada individu dengan akne vulgaris. Melalui desain penelitian quasi-eksperimental, penelitian ini dilakukan selama 21 hari di SMA Negeri 75 Jakarta Utara dengan responden sebanyak 59 orang yang menderita akne vulgaris. Metode pengumpulan data melibatkan pengukuran tingkat hidrasi kulit wajah sebelum dan setelah pemberian intervensi serum niacinamide kepada responden berusia 15-18 tahun. Menurut uji statistik Wilcoxon didapatkan perubahan yang bermakna antara tingkat hidrasi kulit wajah sebelum dan sesudah intervensi dengan niacinamide selama 21 hari (P-value < 0,001) dengan rerata sebelum intervensi sebesar 32% dan sesudah sebesar 41,5%. Penggunaan niacinamide secara topikal dapat meningkatkan hidrasi kulit. Kata Kunci: Niacinamide, Hidrasi Kulit, Akne Vulgaris, Perawatan Kulit
The Scottish Hepatology Access Research Partnership (SHARP) improving access to liver services throughout Scotland
Authors: Lynch Ruairi , Fallowfield Jonathan , Blane David , Swann Rachael , Mills Kirsty , Cordwell Amy , Forrest Ewan ,   Scottish Hepatology Access Research Partnership (SHARP)
Published: November 2024

Background and aims Scotland has the highest rate of deaths from chronic liver disease (CLD) in the UK. Socioeconomic and geographic isolation represent significant challenges to delivery of care. The multidisciplinary Scottish Hepatology Access Research Partnership (SHARP) aimed to identify and break down barriers to diagnosing and treating liver disease in Scotland. Methods SHARP comprised a core Partnership Management Group that developed projects and a Partnership Advisory Group which provided oversight. Results SHARP established workstreams to achieve its aims: Understanding current access to liver services To identify barriers to liver patient care in Scotland we audited liver services and surveyed the experience of patients (n=276); primary care physicians (n=199) and Gastroenterologists/Hepatologists (n=99). Technologies to monitor and diagnose CLD Liver disease is diagnosed and monitored using routine blood testing which disadvantages isolated patients. We plan to develop a point of use test to analyse ALT and AST to enable community-based identification and monitoring of liver disease. Identification of patients at risk of liver disease CLD is often diagnosed late. We propose developing an artificial intelligence tool to predict an individual's risk of an emergent admission to hospital due to CLD. This tool will be validated in a Welsh cohort. Barriers to engagement with care for liver disease Hepatology did-not-attend rates are the highest of any specialty. We propose research to co-design a suite of recommendations to improve engagement with care for CLD patients. We aim to achieve this by interviewing practitioners alongside patients who do and don’t engage with services. Conclusions Through a national survey SHARP has developed an understanding of the issues affecting access to hepatology services in Scotland. SHARP has developed projects that will help address the issues that socioeconomically and geographically isolated patients face when it comes to identifying and treating liver disease.
Percepción de la Educación Dual en Ingeniería: caso Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Tapachula
Authors: López Arroyo María de los Ángeles , Teco Bravo Jalsen Iván , Chang Velázquez Carlos , Contreras Aguilar Carlos Alberto , López Calvo Amel Ángel
Published: November 2024

El modelo educativo dual busca que los estudiantes aprendan simultáneamente en el aula y la empresa. El Tecnológico Nacional de México lo implementa en todos sus planteles, sin embargo, en el Campus Tapachula no se han evaluado los resultados de su aplicación. En este estudio se analizó la percepción del modelo dual en estudiantes de ingeniería industrial y empresas de la región mediante un cuestionario con escala Likert de 1-5 validado con el coeficiente de alfa de Cronbach y una nube de palabras para analizar palabras sobresalientes. Se obtuvo una percepción global de 4.26 en estudiantes y de 4.30 en empresas. Se concluye que la percepción del modelo dual fue de favorable a muy favorable para ambos casos. Para los estudiantes fue una experiencia satisfactoria que ayudó a integrarlos al ambiente laboral y a perfeccionar su formación profesional mientras que las empresas lo consideraron un modelo pertinente en la educación de los estudiantes y reconocieron su utilidad para la solución de sus problemáticas.
Reach-searching: kehon liikkeiden vuoropuhelu organisaatioiden vuorovaikutussuhteita tutkittaessa
Authors: Jääskeläinen Pauliina
Published: November 2024

Lectio praecursoria johtamisen oppiaineen väitöskirjaksi tarkoitetun The Reversibility of Body Movements in Reach-searching Organisational Relations tarkastustilaisuudessa Lapin yliopistolla 1.12.2023. Vastaväittäjänä toimi professori Mar Pérezts (Emlyon Business School) ja kustoksena professori Susan Meriläinen.
Väitöskirja on luettavissa osoitteessa https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-337-396-9
The Effect of Literacy-Based Play Activities to Improve Early Childhood Language Skills
Authors: Daffa Muhammad
Published: November 2024

Developing linguistic competence during the formative years is critical for subsequent academic achievement, and targeted interventions can help children realize their maximum abilities. This investigation sought to evaluate the effects of literacy-oriented play activities on the linguistic abilities of children aged 4 to 6 years. The methodological approach employed was quasi-experimental, using a one-group pretest-post-test framework. The demographic focus of the study consisted of kindergarten children, with a purposively selected sample of 30 participants. Findings indicated a statistically significant improvement in the children's language abilities, evidenced by an average pretest score of 63.5 compared to a post-test score of 78.5 (p-value < 0.001). The overarching conclusion derived from this study is that interventions utilizing literacy-based play are efficacious in improving language skills in early childhood.
China’s Economic Engagement in Africa: A Study of Neo-Colonialism vs. Development Partnership
Authors: Taleb Wafaa
Published: November 2024

This study investigates whether China’s African engagement represents neo-colonialism or a mutually beneficial partnership. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, it analyses quantitative data on trade and investments alongside qualitative insights from interviews with African policymakers, business leaders, and civil society. The analysis focuses on trade volumes, investment trends, and the financial terms of Chinese loans and aid. Key findings reveal a significant increase in Sino-African trade, rising from $10 billion in 2000 to $200 billion in 2019, and Chinese investments surpassing $49 billion in 2020. Infrastructure projects like roads and railways are juxtaposed with challenges like debt dependency and labour exploitation. Case studies from Zambia, Angola, and Ethiopia illustrate these dynamics. The conclusion emphasizes the need for policies that ensure transparency, equitable terms, and sustainable development, ensuring China-Africa relations foster long-term growth while mitigating concerns about sovereignty and debt.
Dor pós-operatória em cirurgias abdominais: Uma revisão de estratégias para otimização do manejo e minimização do uso de opioides
Authors: Lima Fernanda Aparecida de , Vilela Dalila Morais
Published: November 2024

O objetivo do presente artigo foi avaliar a eficácia de técnicas de manejo de dor pós-operatória, visando minimizar o uso de opióides, sabendo das respectivas complicações de tais medicamentos. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática de literatura, a partir da busca nas bases de dados Pubmed, Lilacs, e Scielo, utilizando descritores padronizados "Dor pós-operatória" "Controle da dor" "analgésicos não opióides", em inglês, e após a seleção de artigos relevantes para o estudo, foram revisados 15 artigos. Resultados: Os medicamentos, Nefopam, Parecoxibe e Ibuprofeno, reduziram a dor pós-operatória e o uso de opióides. Já a infusão de ropivacaína e metilprednisolona na ferida é eficaz, mas não mostraram redução no consumo de opióides. Entre os bloqueios, a escolha de um bloqueio ideal aplicada a cada tipo de cirurgia mostra bons resultados. A medicação mais utilizada nos ensaios clínicos foi a morfina (33%), além de utilizarem escalas padronizadas para avaliação dos escores de dor pós-operatória, nomeadamente EVA e NRS. Além da eficácia na minimização de opióides, alguns estudos avaliaram desfechos secundários, como retenção urinária, retorno da ingesta oral, mobilização no leito, e redução de interleucinas. No entanto, um estudo focado em técnicas não opióides para um único tipo de cirurgia, separando laparoscópicas e abertas, teria maior validade.
Mosasaurid evolution: morphology, phylogeny, and paleobiology
Authors:   , Polcyn Michael Joseph
Published: November 2024

Mosasaurs are a group of lizards that entered the marine realm about 100 million years ago, evolved into highly marine adapted forms during their 34-million-year history, diversified to occupy a variety of feeding niches and habitats, and went extinct with the majority of life on Earth at the KPg boundary (~66Ma). As a group, they are a remarkable example of macroevolution, and especially that of secondarily adapted marine forms, mirroring the evolutionary history of whales. The latter part of their record (~85 MA-~66Ma) is relatively well represented, and relationships among those taxa are largely resolved, with lingering questions regarding the early evolutionary history of the group, especially their basal branching patterns, and their position within Squamata. Additionally, little is known of mosasaur feeding behavior. This thesis addresses some historically problematic phylogenetic relationships and also improves our understanding of the feeding biology of mosasaurs.
Scotland's First ‘National’ History? Fordun's Principal Source Revisited
Authors: Broun Dauvit
Published: November 2024

Fordun's principal source (‘proto-Fordun’) has been dated to 1285 based on assumptions that are challenged in this article. The material following Fordun's history in key manuscripts is investigated afresh as a survival of part of proto-Fordun. Proto-Fordun emerges as a seven-book work whose narrative may have reached as far as Edward I's conquest of 1304. It finished, however, with a series of documents relating to the case at the Curia in 1301 led by Baldred Bisset. At the heart of this analysis is prioritising the way this material is configured in the manuscripts, taking account particularly of all book-divisions, however confusing they may seem to be. It is suggested that proto-Fordun was probably composed in the late 1320s or 1330s. Superficially proto-Fordun could be regarded as Scotland's first ‘national’ history in the sense developed by Norbert Kersken in his study of similar works across Europe. It is suggested, however, that if our understanding of ‘national’ histories is determined chiefly by what is found in manuscripts (which can seem inconsistent and confusing) rather than by scholarly editions, then the development of ‘national’ histories can be seen (at least in a Scottish context) as an essentially organic process involving a range of authorial, editorial and scribal activity across generations, rather than solely about key works by individual authors.
The Influence of Social Support and Psychological Resilience on Santri’s Behavior
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Mundiri Akmal
Published: November 2024

This study aims to elucidate the influence of social support and psychological resilience on student behavior. The research is motivated by the need to understand the factors influencing student behavior within the scope of education. Social support is an important factor that can affect the psychological and social development of students, while psychological resilience reflects students' ability to cope with challenges and stress in everyday life. The research approach employed is quantitative with a correlational design. Data for this study were obtained through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression techniques. ased on the findings of this research, it was found that: 1) There is a positive influence of social support on psychological resilience, as evidenced by the value of 0.187, which is smaller than 0.698. 2) There is a positive influence of social support on student behavior, which is 0.329, smaller than 0.698. 3) There is a positive influence of psychological resilience on student behavior, amounting to 0.195, smaller than 0.684. 4) There is a simultaneous influence of social support and psychological resilience on student behavior, amounting to 0.367, smaller than 0.604. This indicates that social support and psychological resilience play an important role in shaping student behavior. The higher the social support and psychological resilience obtained by students, the higher the positive influence on student behavior. The findings of this research are expected to provide new insights into the importance of social support and psychological resilience in shaping student behavior.
Exploring Leadership Based on Local Wisdom: Leadership Learning in Pesantren
Authors: Najiburrahman Najiburrahman , Wahid Abd Hamid , Khoir Muhammad Ilzam , Hefniy Hefniy , Mudarris Badrul
Published: November 2024

This study explores local wisdom-based leadership in Islamic boarding schools, using the Suchman Inquiry model as a leadership learning model. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study. Data collection in this study was carried out circularly using three approaches: l) observation, 2) in-depth interviews, and 3) documentation. Document data analysis was carried out by collecting, selecting, and grouping data, then concluding without eliminating the original value of the data. The results of this study can be used as a basis for developing a local wisdom-based leadership curriculum in Islamic boarding schools. Integrating local values identified through the Suchman Inquiry model will make the curriculum more relevant and contextual for students.
Exploring the Impact of Digital Media in Pesantren-Based Education: Enhancing Islamic Studies Learning and Fostering Character Development among Student
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Miftahul
Published: November 2024

The aims of this study is to examine how digital tools can enhance the educational experience and contribute to the moral and ethical development of students. This article explores the use of digital media in Islamic education learning to strengthen the character of students at school. A descriptive qualitative research method was employed, with data collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis utilized data triangulation to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. The research results indicate that the integration of digital media in Islamic boarding schools positively impacts learning outcomes by increasing student engagement, comprehension, and retention. However, the study also identifies challenges such as the need for adequate technological infrastructure and teacher training, as well as the importance of aligning digital content with Islamic values. Best practices include regular professional development for educators, a balanced approach combining traditional and digital methods, and ongoing evaluation of digital resources.
The Revival of Classical Wisdom: Implementing Mixed Learning Approach Based on Ibnu Khaldun's Theory in Pesantren
Authors: Asysyauqi Muhammad Farid , Riyadi Ali , Jauhari Moh Irmawan
Published: November 2024

This study explores applying Ibn Khaldun's mixed learning concept to improving learning outcomes in Islamic boarding schools. The study used a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation, which were then analyzed using the Optimal Matching Analysis (OMA) method. The study results showed that cognitive learning concepts, such as concept learning, understanding, problem-solving, logic, and public speaking, developed significantly through the fat al-listen constructivism-based forum. Learning outcomes are not only limited to understanding but also include analysis, even to the creation stage. The class discussion forum becomes a stepping stone for students to face more significant challenges outside the classroom. The four Fatq al-Lisan constructivism-based forums ala Ibn Khaldun positively impact the development of linguistic, logic, and interpersonal skills, which are part of multiple intelligences. These findings have implications for the development of 21st-century skills, where students are not only required to master higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) collaboratively but also support linguistic, logical, and interpersonal skills.