bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the influence of sudden load at idle condition on vibration and vibration isolation performance of the engine mount system
Authors: Luo Fuqiang , Wu Shaozhe , Ding Xinhua , Zhou Jing , Zhou Zhifeng , Han Yubin
Published: February 2022

Engine vibration is one of the main excitation sources of vehicle vibration. In order to study the problem of excessive vibration in the cabin of a light vehicle when the air conditioning is turned on at the idle speed, this study is conducted from the point of view of in-cylinder combustion caused by sudden load. The vibrations of the engine with the air conditioning on and off at the idle condition were studied experimentally. The results show that when the air conditioning is turned on at low idle speed, the cylinder pressure rise rate increases with the increase of fuel injection. In addition, the combustion pressure in the cylinder also increases, which leads to the increase of engine vibration. At the same time, a spectrum analysis is carried out in terms of the vibration signal in the maximum direction of the vibration intensity of the suspension system, and the vibration isolation rate is calculated. The results show that the vibration intensity at the second order is the largest, and the vibration isolation effect of the rear suspension is poor.
The risk of infections for multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder disease-modifying treatments: Eighth European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis Focused Workshop Review. April 2021
Authors: Tur Carmen , Dubessy Anne-Laure , Otero-Romero Susana , Amato Maria Pia , Derfuss Tobias , Di Pauli Franziska , Iacobaeus Ellen , Mycko Marcin , Abboud Hesham , Achiron Anat , Bellinvia Angelo , Boyko Alexey , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Clifford David , Dobson Ruth , Farez Mauricio F , Filippi Massimo , Fitzgerald Kathryn C , Fonderico Mattia , Gouider Riadh , Hacohen Yael , Hellwig Kerstin , Hemmer Bernhard , Kappos Ludwig , Ladeira Filipa , Lebrun-Frénay Christine , Louapre Céline , Magyari Melinda , Mehling Matthias , Oreja-Guevara Celia , Pandit Lekha , Papeix Caroline , Piehl Fredrik , Portaccio Emilio , Ruiz-Camps Isabel , Selmaj Krzysztof , Simpson-Yap Steve , Siva Aksel , Sorensen Per Soelberg , Sormani Maria Pia , Trojano Maria , Vaknin-Dembinsky Adi , Vukusic Sandra , Weinshenker Brian , Wiendl Heinz , Winkelmann Alexander , Zuluaga Rodas María Isabel , Tintoré Mar , Stankoff Bruno
Published: February 2022

Over the recent years, the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) has evolved very rapidly and a large number of disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) are now available. However, most DMTs are associated with adverse events, the most frequent of which being infections. Consideration of all DMT-associated risks facilitates development of risk mitigation strategies. An international focused workshop with expert-led discussions was sponsored by the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) and was held in April 2021 to review our current knowledge about the risk of infections associated with the use of DMTs for people with MS and NMOSD and corresponding risk mitigation strategies. The workshop addressed DMT-associated infections in specific populations, such as children and pregnant women with MS, or people with MS who have other comorbidities or live in regions with an exceptionally high infection burden. Finally, we reviewed the topic of DMT-associated infectious risks in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Herein, we summarize available evidence and identify gaps in knowledge which justify further research.
Conceptual framework for temporal discontinuance experiences of social media users: What factors are responsible?
Authors: Franks Jessica , Chenhall Richard , Keogh Louise
Published: February 2022

Temporarily disconnecting from social media has become more widespread in recent years with users choosing to limit or stop engaging with social media platforms for a period of time. There are no published syntheses that integrate the collective research on this phenomenon, nor how this behaviour is experienced. This review provides insight into the research on this phenomenon and proposes a conceptual framework for understanding social media user’s temporal discontinuance experience. We conducted a scoping review of 27 articles published during 2010–2020, focusing on the most salient factors of temporal discontinuance. Our review revealed a number of issues related to users’ motivations for temporal discontinuance, including the need to address self-reported problematic and excessive social media use, the want to restore control and/or agency, as well as the desire to minimise distractions and address privacy concerns. We identified the various benefits and challenges temporal disconnectors experience and describe two specific practices related to their return to social media use: 1) manipulating technological and/or platform affordances and/or 2) self-regulating behaviours. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research.
The Tacit Dimension of Touch: Tactile Recognition, Tangibility and Self-touch in Kurt Goldstein’s Studies on Agnosia
Authors: Ladewig Rebekka
Published: February 2022

In his experimental studies on tactile recognition, the German neurologist Kurt Goldstein observes a peculiar ‘twitching movement’ of the body in neurologically impaired patients suffering from mind-blindness. Drawing on Goldstein’s interpretation of these bodily movements as kinaesthetic reactions, the present article advances a symmetrical conception of tactility that relocates the bipolarity of the sense of touch within the human body. In line with this symmetrical approach, the kinaesthetic reactions will be construed as tactile self-activation or self-touch of the body and conceptualized, following Michael Polanyi’s epistemological notion, as the ‘tacit dimension of touch’. Combining neuropathological aspects with a media theoretical and epistemological trajectory, this article aims at re-evaluating the centrality of the registers of the sense of touch as the fundamental ground for grasping the world in its concrete encounters as well as in its symbolic abstractions.
Anti-oppressive pedagogy as an opportunity for consciousness raising in the music therapy profession: A critical disability studies perspective
Authors: Pickard Beth
Published: February 2022

In pedagogic literature informed by critical disability studies, academia is widely cited as an ableist institution: the training ground for the professions of normalcy. Music therapy could readily be complicit in this normalising discourse with its potential to pathologise participants and to maintain a strict ‘normative divide’, between professionals it trains and participants who engage with its provision. Activists, advocates and disabled therapists have posed a welcome challenge to this positioning in recent publications, but the pedagogical dimensions of music therapy training in this area have received less attention. The emerging signature pedagogy of music therapy and its omissions will be considered, which may explain the need for an increased social justice focus in music therapy curricula. This article considers the potential of applying Kumashiro’s typologies of anti-oppressive education in music therapy training: problematising existing pedagogies and critically reflecting upon the potential of a social justice informed curriculum. These approaches have the potential to reframe Otherness by acknowledging expertise in lived experience. Through introducing these frameworks for socially just, anti-oppressive pedagogies, this article invites consciousness raising in music therapy pedagogy through engagement with critical disability studies theory and philosophy.
The limits of state-led norm entrepreneurship: The United Kingdom and the Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict Initiative (PSVI)
Authors: Lawrinson Blake
Published: February 2022

This article examines the limits of state-led norm entrepreneurship in the case of the UK and the Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict Initiative. The UK-led Preventing Sexual Violence in conflict Initiative emerged in 2012 and accelerated to the tipping point and beginning of the norm cascade by 2014. However, the Preventing Sexual Violence in conflict Initiative has since struggled to sustain similar levels of UK-led entrepreneurship where resources and institutional support have stagnated and declined. This article argues that the Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict Initiative is evidence of how a norm that originally benefits from powerful state-led entrepreneurship to the point of cascading has to be maintained by consistent state support to prevent its progress from slowing, and potentially stagnating, at a significant moment in its evolution. The article contributes to research on norm entrepreneurship, the norm lifecycle, and analysis of the reasons why the UK’s entrepreneurship on the Preventing Sexual Violence in conflict Initiative has gradually stagnated when compared to its initial considerable investment in leadership and support.
Beyond Precarity: Forced Labor in China’s Ride-Hailing Industry
Authors: Li Angela Ke
Published: February 2022

Scholarly discussions of the consequences of the on-demand economy on work mainly focus on precarity. Using a case study of Didi Chuxing, this article moves beyond this conventional approach to highlight coercion as a striking feature of labor relations in China’s ride-hailing industry. Drawing upon the conceptual tool of neo-bondage, this article foregrounds the central role played by forced labor in securing a cheap and docile work force during Didi’s rapid market expansion. This article advances the existing literature in two ways. First, it highlights the need for a more robust analysis of the productive forces in the on-demand economy. Second, it argues that the on-demand economy not only represents an intensification of the ongoing trend toward precarity, but also an extension of forced labor regimes from electronic assembly lines to the service industry.
The influence of multidisciplinary team clinic on the prognosis of patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bian Zhixiang , Zhang Qin , Shen Li , Chen Shunjie
Published: February 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) seriously affects the quality of life and survival time of patients, and even affects social and national economic development. In China, how to effectively control the disease process of CKD outpatients has not been determined. A retrospective analysis was made to 100 patients with CKD. Fifty patients treated with traditional clinical treatment were in the control group, and the other fifty patients treated with multidisciplinary team (MDT) clinical treatment were in the MDT group. The prognosis of the two groups after treatment was compared, including glomerular filtration rate (GFR), number of renal replacement treatments, and mortality, to evaluate the actual effect of MDT clinic. CKD patients in the MDT group received the MDT clinic for 24 months. There was no significant difference between GFR and serum creatinine level before treatment, and the quality of life was significantly higher than before. In the control group, the GFR declined more dramatically, the serum creatinine level was higher, and the quality of life was lower than before ( P < 0.05). The frequency of renal replacement therapy and mortality in the MDT group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). MDT clinic can effectively improve the prognosis of patients with CKD, delay kidney disease progression, and reduce mortality.
Analysis of Red Blood Cells and their Components in Medical Workers with Occupational Exposure to Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Tian Xue-Lei , Lu Xue , Lyu Yu-Min , Zhao Hua , Liu Qing-Jie , Tian Mei
Published: February 2022

Plenty of reports focus on the effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) on peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiation workers. However, studies on red blood cells (RBCs) in radiation workers are rarely reported. Many studies focused on investigate the hemogram of radiation staffs without detecting other components of RBCs. To explore the potential effect of LDR on RBCs, we detected the level of RBC count, hemoglobin, 2,3-disphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG), and glutathione (GSH), and then analyzed the factors on these indices in 106 medical radiation workers. As a result, RBC count was affected by sex, age, type of work, length of service (only for females), and annual effective dose (only for males). Hemoglobin status was affected by sex, type of work, and annual effective dose (only for males). Sex, age, and type of work had no effects on the concentration of 2,3-DPG and GSH. Length of service affected 2,3-DPG concentration, and annual effective dose affected GSH level. In conclusion, chronic occupational LDR exposure may have an effect on RBC count, hemoglobin status, and the concentration of 2,3-DPG and GSH in radiation workers to some extent. However, it is still unknown how this kind of influence affects the health of radiation workers.
Amplifying Counter-Public Spheres on Social Media: News Sharing of Alternative Versus Traditional Media After the 2019 Chilean Uprising
Authors: Luna Juan Pablo , Toro Sergio , Valenzuela Sebastián
Published: February 2022

While much research exists on the role of digital media use in protest movements, few studies compare the long-term impact of protests on online use of alternative and mainstream digital media. This holds particularly true in countries of the global south. Our study addresses this knowledge gap by examining the massive demonstrations that occurred in Chile on 18 October 2019. Based on data from 1,221,487 Facebook posts from 31 media outlets collected 10 months before and after the protests, we detected significant discontinuities in users’ interactions with news content. Whereas both media types display different baseline levels, for alternative media, the time series reflects a “step” type of shock—a long-lasting increase in news sharing—whereas for mainstream media, it is a “pulse” type of shock—a burst of interactions that quickly returned to pre-existing levels. These results suggest that social media users relied on alternative news media to amplify counter-public spheres in Chile.
Black Squares for Black Lives? Performative Allyship as Credibility Maintenance for Social Media Influencers on Instagram
Authors: Wellman Mariah L.
Published: February 2022

In June 2020, millions of Instagram users shared black squares along with hashtags including #BlackOutTuesday and #BlackLivesMatter before pausing their social media content for the day. At first in solidarity with the music industry, the black squares were co-opted by uninformed users hoping to show their support of Black Lives Matter in the wake of the murder of George Floyd while in police custody. Through 20 interviews with social media influencers about the #BlackLivesMatter discourse occurring on Instagram in the summer of 2020, I argue that for many influencers, the posting of black squares was performative allyship utilized strategically to build and maintain credibility with followers. Influencers were unable to genuinely merge their existing brand image with the Black Lives Matter movement long-term, resulting in the memeification of social justice activism and no substantial progress toward diversity, equity, and inclusion within the wellness creator industry on Instagram.
Risk factors of esophageal fistula induced by re-radiotherapy for recurrent esophageal cancer with local primary site
Authors: Wang Xinran , Hu Bing , Chen Jinhu , Xie Feihong , Han Dan , Zhao Qian , Sun Hongfu , Fu Chengrui , Liu Chengxin , Wang Zhongtang , Lin Haiqun , Huang Wei
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to investigate risk factors for esophageal fistula (EF) in patients with recurrent esophageal cancer receiving re-radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy.

Methods

We reviewed retrospectively the clinical characters and dosimetric parameters of 96 patients with recurrent esophageal cancer treated with re-radiotherapy in Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University between August 2014 and January 2021.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were provided to determine the risk factors of EF induced by re-radiotherapy.

Results

The median time interval between two radiotherapy was 23.35 months (range, 4.30 to 238.10 months). EF occurred in 19 patients (19.79%). In univariate analysis, age, T stage, the biologically equivalent dose in the re-radiotherapy, total biologically equivalent dose, hyperfractionated radiotherapy, ulcerative esophageal cancer, the length of tumor and the maximum thickness of tumor had a correlation with the prevalence of EF. In addition, age (HR = 0.170, 95%CI 0.030–0.951, p = 0.044), T stage (HR = 8.369, 95%CI 1.729–40.522, p = 0.008), ulcerative esophageal cancer (HR = 5.810, 95%CI 1.316–25.650, p = 0.020) and the maximum thickness of tumor (HR = 1.314, 95%CI 1.098–1.572, p = 0.003) were risk factors of EF in multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Conclusions

The incidence of EF was significantly increased in patients with recurrent esophageal cancer who underwent re-radiotherapy. This study revealed that age, T stage, ulcerative esophageal cancer and the maximum thickness of the tumor were risk factors associated with EF. In clinical work, patients with risk factors for EF ought to be highly concerned and individualized treatment plans should be taken to reduce the occurrence of EF.
Correction to: Talking about firearm injury prevention with patients: a survey of medical residents
Authors: Pallin Rocco , Teasdale Sara , Agnoli Alicia , Spitzer Sarabeth , Asif-Sattar Rameesha , Wintemute Garen J. , Barnhorst Amy
Published: February 2022

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Women’s perceptions of PERSPECTIVE: a breast cancer risk stratification e-platform
Authors: Ahmed Saima , Lévesque Emmanuelle , Garland Rosalind , Knoppers Bartha , Dorval Michel , Simard Jacques , Loiselle Carmen G.
Published: February 2022

Background

Breast cancer risk stratification categorizes a woman’s potential risk of developing the disease as near-population, intermediate, or high. In accordance, screening and follow up for breast cancer can readily be tailored following risk assessment. Recent efforts have focussed on developing more accessible means to convey this information to women. This study sought to document the relevance of an informational e-platform developed for these purposes.

Objective

To begin to assess a newly developed breast cancer risk stratification and decision support e-platform called PERSPECTIVE (PErsonalised Risk Stratification for Prevention and Early deteCTIon of breast cancer) among women who do not know their personal breast cancer risk (Phase 1). Changes (pre- and post- e-platform exposure) in knowledge of breast cancer risk and interest in undergoing genetic testing were assessed in addition to perceptions of platform usability and acceptability.

Methods

Using a pre-post design, women (N = 156) of differing literacy and education levels, aged 30 to 60, with no previous breast cancer diagnosis were recruited from the general population and completed self-report e-questionnaires.

Results

Mean e-platform viewing time was 18.67 min (SD 0.65) with the most frequently visited pages being breast cancer-related risk factors and risk assessment. Post-exposure, participants reported  significantly higher breast cancer-related knowledge (p < .001). Increases in knowledge relating to obesity, alcohol, breast density, menstruation, and the risk estimation process remained even when sociodemographic variables age and education were controlled. There were no significant changes in genetic testing interest post-exposure. Mean ratings for e-platform acceptability and usability were high: 26.19 out of 30 (SD 0.157) and 42.85 out of 50 (SD 0.267), respectively.

Conclusions

An informative breast cancer risk stratification e-platform targeting healthy women in the general population can significantly increase knowledge as well as support decisions around breast cancer risk and assessment. Currently underway, Phase 2, called PERSPECTIVE, is seeking further content integration and broader implementation .
Increased biting rate and decreased Wolbachia density in irradiated Aedes mosquitoes
Authors: Moretti Riccardo , Lampazzi Elena , Damiani Claudia , Fabbri Giulia , Lombardi Giulia , Pioli Claudio , Desiderio Angiola , Serrao Aurelio , Calvitti Maurizio
Published: February 2022

Background

Releasing considerable numbers of radiation-sterilized males is a promising strategy to suppress mosquito vectors. However, releases may also include small percentages of biting females, which translate to non-negligible numbers when releases are large. Currently, the effects of irradiation on host-seeking and host-biting behaviors have not been exhaustively investigated. Information is also lacking regarding the effects of sterilizing treatment on the endosymbiotic bacteriumWolbachia, which is known to affect the vector competence of infected mosquitos.

Methods

To ascertain the effects of irradiation on females, the pupae of twoAedes albopictusstrains, differing in their natural or artificialWolbachiainfection type, andAedes aegypti—which is not infected byWolbachia—were treated with various doses of X-rays and monitored for key fitness parameters and biting behavior over a period of 2 weeks. The effect of radiation onWolbachiawas investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis.

Results

PartialAedes albopictusfemale sterility was achieved at 28 Gy, but the number of weekly bites more than doubled compared to that of the controls. Radiation doses of 35 and 45 Gy completely inhibited progeny production but did not significantly affect the survival or flight ability ofAe. albopictusfemales and caused a tripling of the number of bites per female per week (compared to untreated controls). These results were also confirmed inAe. aegyptiafter treatment at 50 Gy.Wolbachiadensity decreased significantly in 45-Gy-irradiated females, with the greatest decreases in the early irradiation group (26 ± 2-h-old pupae).Wolbachiadensity also decreased as adults aged. This trend was confirmed in ovaries but not in extra-ovarian tissues. FISH analysis showed a strongly reducedWolbachia-specific fluorescence in the ovaries of 13 ± 1-day-old females.

Conclusions

These results suggest that, under sterile insect technique (SIT) programs, the vector capacity of a target population could increase with the frequency of the irradiated females co-released with the sterile males due to an increased biting rate. In the context of successful suppression, the related safety issues are expected to be generally negligible, but they should be conservatively evaluated when large-scale programs relying on imperfect sexing and high overflooding release ratios are run for long periods in areas endemic for arboviral diseases. Also, the effects of irradiation on the vector competence deserve further investigation.

Graphical Abstract
A mutation-based gene set predicts survival benefit after immunotherapy across multiple cancers and reveals the immune response landscape
Authors: Long Junyu , Wang Dongxu , Wang Anqiang , Chen Peipei , Lin Yu , Bian Jin , Yang Xu , Zheng Mingjun , Zhang Haohai , Zheng Yongchang , Sang Xinting , Zhao Haitao
Published: February 2022

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of many cancers. However, the limited population that benefits from ICI therapy makes it necessary to screen predictive biomarkers for stratifying patients. Currently, many biomarkers, such as tumor mutational burden (TMB), have been used in the clinic as indicative biomarkers. However, some high-TMB patients with mutations in genes that are closely related to immunotherapeutic resistance are not sensitive to ICI therapy. Thus, there is a need to move beyond TMB and identify specific genetic determinants of the response to ICI therapy. In this study, we established a comprehensive mutation-based gene set across different tumor types to predict the efficacy of ICI therapy.

Methods

We constructed and validated a mutational signature to predict the prognosis of patients treated with ICI therapy. Then, the underlying immune response landscapes of different subtypes were investigated with multidimensional data.

Results

This study included genomic and clinical data for 12,647 patients. An eleven-gene mutation-based gene set was generated to divide patients into a high-risk group and a low-risk group in a training cohort (1572 patients with 9 types of cancers who were treated with ICI therapy). Validation was performed in a validation cohort (932 patients with 5 types of cancers who were treated with ICI therapy). Mutations in these 11 genes were associated with a better response to ICI therapy. In addition, the mutation-based gene set was demonstrated to be an independent prognostic factor after ICI therapy. We further explored the role of the immune context in determining the benefits of immunotherapy in 10,143 patients with 33 types of cancers and found distinct immune landscapes for the high- and low-risk groups.

Conclusions

The mutation-based gene set developed in this study can be used to reliably predict survival benefit across cancers in patients receiving ICI therapy. The close interplay between the extrinsic and intrinsic immune landscapes in the identified patient subgroups and the subgroups’ differing responses to ICI therapy could guide immunotherapy treatment decisions for cancer patients.
Excess use of thyroid hormone treatment among patients with fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional study in primary health care
Authors: Aleksi Varinen , Elise Kosunen , Koskela Tuomas H.
Published: February 2022

Objective

From previous studies, it is known that the association between fibromyalgia and thyroid autoimmunity diseases exists. On the other hand, it was recently suggested that in many cases thyroid hormone treatment might be unnecessary. The aim of our study is to explore the thyroid hormone treatment among primary health care fibromyalgia patients. Our study is cross-sectional and based on fibromyalgia study from the city of Nokia Health Center. Clinical examination was performed to participants, patients filled five questionnaires and information from electronic patient records was gathered. In addition to other parameters, we studied patient’s thyroid function levels at the beginning of thyroid hormone treatment.

Results

From those patients participating in the study (n = 103), 34% (n = 33) had thyroid hormone treatment. From those taking thyroid hormone treatment, 48% (n = 16) had information regarding the initial TSH and T4-V levels at the beginning of the treatment. 37% (n = 6) of them had normal thyroid function. Small sample size and data gathered from single health center effects on the generalizability of our findings. However, we suggest further studies to confirm the potential association between fibromyalgia and inappropriate thyroid hormone treatment.
Evaluation of the dependence of radiomic features on the machine learning model
Authors: Demircioğlu Aydin
Published: February 2022

Background

In radiomic studies, several models are often trained with different combinations of feature selection methods and classifiers. The features of the best model are usually considered relevant to the problem, and they represent potential biomarkers. Features selected from statistically similarly performing models are generally not studied. To understand the degree to which the selected features of these statistically similar models differ, 14 publicly available datasets, 8 feature selection methods, and 8 classifiers were used in this retrospective study. For each combination of feature selection and classifier, a model was trained, and its performance was measured with AUC-ROC. The best-performing model was compared to other models using a DeLong test. Models that were statistically similar were compared in terms of their selected features.

Results

Approximately 57% of all models analyzed were statistically similar to the best-performing model. Feature selection methods were, in general, relatively unstable (0.58; range 0.35–0.84). The features selected by different models varied largely (0.19; range 0.02–0.42), although the selected features themselves were highly correlated (0.71; range 0.4–0.92).

Conclusions

Feature relevance in radiomics strongly depends on the model used, and statistically similar models will generally identify different features as relevant. Considering features selected by a single model is misleading, and it is often not possible to directly determine whether such features are candidate biomarkers.
Harm reduction and abstinence-based models for treatment of substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective
Authors: Narasimha Venkata Lakshmi , Butner JL , Hanafi Enjeline , Farokhnia Mehdi , Bhad Roshan , Chalabianloo Fatemeh , Kouimtsidis Christos , Baldacchino Alexander , Arunogiri Shalini
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected treatment services for people with substance use disorders (SUDs). Based on the perspectives of service providers from eight countries, we discuss the impact of the pandemic on SUD treatment services. Although many countries quickly adapted in provision of harm reduction services by changes in policy and service delivery, some went into a forced abstinence-based strategy. Similarly, disruption of abstinence-based approaches such as therapeutic communities has been reported. Global awareness is crucial for responsible management of SUDs during the pandemic, and the development of international health policy guidelines is an urgent need in this area.
Development of Polycaprolactone Infiltrated Anti-Tuberculosis Drug-Loaded 3D-Printed Hydroxyapatite for Localized and Sustained Drug Release in Bone and Joint Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors:   Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Srion Autcharaporn ,   Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, Chokevivat Watchara ,   Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand, Hemstapat Ruedee ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Phumala Morales Noppawan ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Suwanprateeb Jintamai ,   Biofunctional Materials and Devices Research Group, National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Published: February 2022

Bone and joint tuberculosis is one of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that is commonly found globally. Treatment of bone tuberculosis typically involves long term oral medication and frequently causes side effects due to its systemic administration route. In order to mitigate the side effects and to increase the performance, the use of localized medication for sustained drug release was investigated. Three first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs were loaded into three-dimensional printed hydroxyapatite (3DP HA) by vacuum infiltration and then further infiltrated by low molecular weight polycaprolactone (PCL). It was observed that PCL uniformly coated on the surface and filled the inside pores of all infiltrated samples and did not much affect the drug loading content in the samples. Rifampicin (RIF) loaded samples, either non-infiltrated or infiltrated ones, displayed longer sustained release than those of isoniazid (INH) or pyrazinamide (PZA) loaded samples, but the release of infiltrated samples could be further enhanced in terms of released content and duration. These were related to the drug solubility and diffusion distance of drugs in the samples. Bioactivity of the drug-loaded samples was also not hampered as the apatite layer was seen to grow on the surface ascertaining its role as a dual functioned bone graft.
Surface Modification of Silica Particles Taken from Waste Glass by Surfactant Treatment for Light Scattering Application
Authors:   College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Boonyarattanakalin Kanokthip , Mekprasart Wanichaya ,   College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Manivong Aphisit ,   College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Wechprasit Tirapat ,   College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand, Chongsri Krisana ,   Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajabhat Rajanagarindra University, Chachoengsao 24000, Thailand, Pecharapa Wisanu ,   College of Nanotechnology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand
Published: February 2022

T his work aims to modify the surface of silicon dioxide particles for high dispersion property in the host matrix. Silicon dioxide powders were obtained from wasted material as broken beaker glass and reduced its particle size by high energy milling process operating at 500 rpm for 30 min. These particles can be proposed as an effective light scatterer and applied in the transparent light planar waveguide for the improvement of light emission performance. However, the main problem of using milled silica powder is the poor dispersion in the polymer matrix. Therefore, the surface modification method is a key role to resolve this obstacle by using polymer surfactant agents as polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and sodium hexametaphosphate. The proper polymer surfactant in the surface modification on silica powders has been revealed. The particle size of each condition was analyzed by a particle analyzer. Modified silica particle size with polymer surfactants trended to decrease lower than 1 μm owing to good dispersion of the particles by polymer chain and interaction between silica and surfactant surface. Chemical functional groups on modified silica powders were investigated by Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FTIR spectra shown that main chemical components of all samples were composed of silica and borate chemical bonding. Meanwhile, the O-H stretching vibration appeared in the spectra was a key role for particle size and good dispersion of modified surface silica particles in the solution. Moreover, light scattering property and transmission of modified silica with polymer surfactants in dispersion solution were detected by luminance meter and UV-Vis spectrometer to confirm its possibility for application in light scattering material. The best polymer surface for milled silica surface modification in this work was obtained from polyvinyl alcohol, which proved that the adjustment of surface charge and physical properties on the silica surface.
‘Living the life of the other’: carers’ perspectives on changes in carer strain during the rehabilitation trajectory
Authors: Hillebregt Chantal , Trappenburg Margo , Tonkens Evelien
Published: February 2022

The needs of carers are still poorly understood in medical rehabilitation research. This article explores the lived experience of carers and the adverse effects of caring throughout the different phases of the rehabilitation care trajectory in the Netherlands, based on in-depth interviews with couples where one partner has acquired brain injury or spinal cord injury. The findings reveal that carers’ needs vary during the rehabilitation trajectory, particularly because of varying availability or lack of ‘personal time’ and ‘personal space’. Acknowledging this may improve the assistance of carers, attuned to their evolving needs, and thereby contribute to improved future rehabilitation treatment.
Development of the parts of speech theory in Russian rusistics
Authors: Karpov A.K. , Rotova L.N. , Ruiz-Zorrilla Marc
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes the development of parts of speech theory in Russian rusistics within the period of the past two hundred years. The analysis allows us to consider the approaches towards the classifications based on various principles (logic, psychological, positivistic, functional, cognitive) and come up with the characteristics enabling the scholars to give non-contradictory linguistic definitions to the parts of speech, state their exact number, identify the boundaries between them and develop a system of parts of speech.
Лозунги-рекламы и рекламы лозунги советского времени
Authors: Walter Harry , Mokienko Valerij Mikhajlovich
Published: February 2022

Лозунги являются зеркалами своего времени. Каждая страна или каждое особое событие в жизни народа создаёт свои слоганы и лозунги. Их язык отражает экономические и социальные явления и постреволюционного времени в Советском союзе. В статье обсуждаются изменение советских патетических фраз в обычные непатетические рекламные ролики. Специфичные лингвистические исследования современных лозунгов и связанного с ними жанра рекламы как особой языковой единицы и оправдано, и необходимо.
Influence of use of Activinspire interactive whiteboards in classroom on students’ learning
Authors: Dudaitė Jolita , Prakapas Romas
Published: February 2022

With the changing students’ generations and education content as well as modernization of educational technologies, various technical solutions are increasingly used by the teachers to supplement daily classroom activities. One of the novelties introduced in Lithuania in 2013 – ActivInspire system – was oriented towards mathematics and science education process in the 5th classes. The purpose of the survey presented in this article is to summarize one school year’s teaching experience of teachers in organising educational activity in classroom by using interactive teaching tools (ActivInspire system) in terms of assessing influence of technologies on students’ learning.Teachers using ActivInspire interactive whiteboard for teaching mathematics and science in the 5th classes participated in the survey. The survey method – qualitative. During one school year, the teachers were writing reflections about their experience in using interactive learning tools in classroom: interactive whiteboard, electronic textbooks and audience response system.When speaking about the influence of use of ActivInspire on students, the teachers mostly emphasize that students like working with interactive teaching tools or find such activity interesting and appealing. The teachers also remark that these tools encourage the students to be more active; they are convenient as well as effective in the learning process, encourage the students to learn more and have influence on their study results. The negative aspects mentioned by the teachers were such that it is difficult for the students to maintain discipline; students’ interest and enthusiasm in using the interactive tools slackens over the school year; technical problems sometimes occur.
Pedagogical scenarios enriched with audiovisual technologies and their impact on the promotion of the learning skills of inmate students in Portugal
Authors: Dias-Trindade Sara , Moreira J. António
Published: February 2022

Over the last decades and largely due to changes taking place in labour markets, there has been a pressing need to rethink pedagogical processes. Today, educational institutions face the challenge of not only having to create learning environments conducive to the acquisition of knowledge, but also scenarios suited to the development of learning skills. Our analysis will focus precisely on one of such scenarios and will determine its impact on the learning skills of twenty inmate students, based on the qualitative analysis of their perceptions and narratives and using the Pedagogical Model developed by Author (2017) for the design of e-learning activities focused on the “deconstruction” of moving images as a reference. The findings show that the design of the environment, based on this model and on the use of audiovisual technologies, can have very positive effects on inmate students’ self-learning in the following dimensions: Active Learning, Initiative and Autonomy.
Ultrafast phenomena and terahertz waves: introduction
Authors: Zhu Li-Guo , Sheng Zhengming , Schneider Harald , Chen Hou-Tong , Tani Masahiko
Published: February 2022

In this introduction, we provide an overview of the papers that were accepted for publication in the feature issue on ultrafast phenomena and terahertz (THz) waves. This feature issue presents cutting-edge research on ultrafast phenomena and highlights recent developments in THz technology.
Quantifying the x-ray dark-field signal in single-grid imaging
Authors: How Ying Ying , Morgan Kaye S.
Published: February 2022

X-ray dark-field imaging reveals the sample microstructure that is unresolved when using conventional methods of x-ray imaging. In this paper, we derive a new method to extract and quantify the x-ray dark-field signal collected using a single-grid imaging set-up, and relate the signal strength to the number of sample microstructures, N. This was achieved by modelling sample-induced changes to the shadow of the upstream grid, and fitting experimental data to this model. Our results suggested that the dark-field scattering angle from our spherical microstructures deviates slightly from the theoretical model of

N

, which was consistent with results from other experimental methods. We believe the approach outlined here can equip quantitative dark-field imaging of small samples, particularly in cases where only one sample exposure is possible, either due to sample movement or radiation dose limitations. Future directions include an extension into directional dark-field imaging.
Simultaneous measurement of axial strain and lateral stress based on cascaded interference structure
Authors: Li Yujian , Liu Zhengyong , Liu Yifan , Yu Changyuan
Published: February 2022

To solve the cross-sensitivity problem in the dual-parameter optical fiber system, a new type of sensor based on cascaded interference structure is proposed without cross-sensitivity. The design consists of a Michelson interferometer and a Sagnac interferometer based on a high-birefringence suspended core fiber segment. After calculating by the analogous Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) and filtering by FFT filter, the spectrum of the sensor responds linearly to the change of axial strain and lateral stress. The sensitivity to lateral stress is 3.13 nm/(kPa) in the range from 0 to 1200 Pa and the axial strain is 1.846e−4 (nm·µɛ)−1 from 0 to 4000 µɛ. The capability of the proposed sensor for dual-parameter sensing is also experimentally demonstrated. The precision rate for dual-parameter sensing is as high as 66.7%, reflecting the sensor's usability for simultaneous measurement of axial strain and lateral stress.
Tuning and hybridization of surface phonon polaritons in α-MoO3 based metamaterials
Authors: Larciprete Maria Cristina , Dereshgi Sina Abedini , Centini Marco , Aydin Koray
Published: February 2022

We propose an effective medium approach to tune and control surface phonon polariton dispersion relations along the three main crystallographic directions of α-phase molybdenum trioxide. We show that a metamaterial consisting of subwavelength air inclusions into the α-MoO3 matrix displays new absorption modes producing a split of the Reststrahlen bands of the crystal and creating new branches of phonon polaritons. In particular, we report hybridization of bulk and surface polariton modes by tailoring metamaterials’ structural parameters. Theoretical predictions obtained with the effective medium approach are validated by full-field electromagnetic simulations using finite difference time domain method. Our study sheds light on the use of effective medium theory for modeling and predicting wavefront polaritons. Our simple yet effective approach could potentially enable different functionalities for hyperbolic infrared metasurface devices and circuits on a single compact platform for on-chip infrared photonics.
Camptothecin effectively treats obesity in mice through GDF15 induction
Authors: Lu Jun Feng , Zhu Meng Qing , Xie Bao Cai , Shi Xiao Chen , Liu Huan , Zhang Rui Xin , Xia Bo , Wu Jiang Wei
Published: February 2022

Elevated circulating levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) have been shown to reduce food intake and lower body weight through activation of hindbrain receptor glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) in rodents and nonhuman primates, thus endogenous induction of this peptide holds promise for obesity treatment. Here, throughin silicodrug-screening methods, we found that small molecule Camptothecin (CPT), a previously identified drug with potential antitumor activity, is a GDF15 inducer. Oral CPT administration increases circulating GDF15 levels in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and geneticob/obmice, with elevatedGdf15expression predominantly in the liver through activation of integrated stress response. In line with GDF15’s anorectic effect, CPT suppresses food intake, thereby reducing body weight, blood glucose, and hepatic fat content in obese mice. Conversely, CPT loses these beneficial effects whenGdf15is inhibited by a neutralizing antibody or AAV8-mediated liver-specific knockdown. Similarly, CPT failed to reduce food intake and body weight in GDF15’s specific receptor GFRAL-deficient mice despite high levels of GDF15. Together, these results indicate that CPT is a promising anti-obesity agent through activation of GDF15-GFRAL pathway.