bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluación de la Conectividad Funcional Relacionada con Procesos Cognitivos en Trabajadores Expuestos a Vapores de Tolueno y Derivados
Authors:   , Ponce Martínez A. F.
Published: December 2021

The term “occupational exposure” is used when a person gets in touch with vapors of toluene or its derivatives in their work environment. The occupational exposure to toluene vapors represents a risk for people’s health, because due to its chemical properties, toluene threatens mainly the nervous system. Different studies have reported some alteration of cognitive and affective processes, such as empathy and working memory, due to occupational exposure to toluene. The present work proposes a seed based functional connectivity study of a group of workers occupationally exposed to toluene vapors using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in brain regions related to empathy and executive control using the CONN Toolbox. It was found that there are differences in the functional connectivity of the anterior insula and the caudate nucleus with other regions of the brain related to empathy and working memory when compared to a control group, and some possible effects of these differences where explored.
El tiempo de tránsito del pulso detecta cambios en la presión arterial en respuesta a estimulación eléctrica vestibular y cambio de postura
Authors:   , Pliego A. C.
Published: December 2021

The interaction of the vestibular organs with the cardiovascular system is a relevant research field with clinical applications that contribute to the understanding of cardiovascular modulation due to movement and posture. The current noninvasive measurement of blood pressure (BP) consists of an inflatable cuff that is unsuitable to perform movement tasks. However, Pulse-Transit Time (PTT), an indirect method that estimates BP from electrocardiographic (ECG) and photoplethysmographic (PPG) recordings, may detect BP variations during dynamic experiments. Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is considered an analog to mechanical stimulation. Research with GVS has been done involving static and dynamic tasks. Our study aims to determine if PTT is a suitable method to be included in GVS experiments to detect BP modulation. PTT was calculated from 16 healthy subjects during GVS; stimulation was applied while seated and standing. PTT increased during the stimulation period in both positions. The increase was statistically significant only for subjects standing. These findings are following previous GVS studies that monitor BP invasively in animal models. As we expected, an increase in PTT during GVS was observed. Additionally, the increase was slightly different for subjects seated and standing. Overall, results indicate that PTT is an effective method to estimate transient BP changes during GVS.
Accesorio de registro de actividades e indicador de desvanecimientos para casco de seguridad
Authors:   , Acevedo Lozano J. A.
Published: December 2021

La posibilidad de tener accidentes relacionados al área de la cabeza está implícita en las actividades laborales, por lo que es de vital importancia proteger esta área durante los accidentes, aunque el casco de seguridad pueda proteger de los impactos este no es capaz de absorber la totalidad de las fuerzas implícitas en el accidente por lo que el prototipo desarrollado está enfocado a registrar las aceleraciones absorbidas por la cabeza y generar una alerta sonora y visual si se registran aceleraciones capaces de generar una lesión en el encéfalo.
Diseño de algoritmo compuesto por Machine Learning y un modelo probabilístico para la detección de diabetes
Authors:   , Cañedo Figueroa C. E.
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a type of metabolic disorder which causes chronic hyperglycemia. This alteration usually occurs due to an inadequate secretion of insulin. In the present work, a set of algorithms for the detection and prediction of diabetes was carried out using Pimas database. The algorithms used were: a Naive Bayesian algorithm with an 79.67% F1, a KNN algorithm with an 79.64% F1, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with an 74.07% F1 and an algorithm composed of the three previous algorithms with an 80.32% F1.
Propuesta de un péndulo electromagnético para la recolección de energía en usuarios de dispositivos de soporte de la marcha
Authors:   ,   http://memorias.somib.org.mx/index.php/memorias/article/view/910, Ramos Rosales V.
Published: December 2021

People with motor disabilities usually have slow movement patterns, which means that very little biomechanical energy can be harvested using wearable or portable sensors. In this work, an electromagnetic harvester is proposed to harvest energy during the gait of subjects using gait-support devices, in this case, a walker. The harvester consists of a simple pendulum where the suspended weight is formed by two neodymium permanent magnets. Three static coils connected in series have been arranged in such a way that their position coincides with the swinging movement of the suspended weight. So, when the pendulum is moved sideways from its resting, a gradient of the magnetic field is produced in each coil, generating an electromotive force. The performance of the proposed pendulum has been tested in bench conditions and in real conditions using a walker for the elderly. When the subject began or finished the gait with the walker, the pendulum moved sideways, making the magnets to move back and forth generating a peak-to-peak voltage of 2.2 V. This back-and-forth movement remains until the suspended weight reaches the equilibrium position due to the restoring force of the gravity. The generated voltage was not affected by the velocity of the gait, but by the beginning and ending of the gait. The proposed electromagnetic pendulum has demonstrated to be suitable to harvest energy from people with slow gait without attaching any sensor to the subject.
Revisión de Alcance de las Nanopartículas que cruzan la Barrera Hematoencefálica y la Reducción de Tamaño de Tumores Cerebrales en Modelos de Animales
Authors:   , González De la Cerda A.
Published: December 2021

The present study undertakes a scoping review of research on the size and material of nanoparticles (NPs) that cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) and effectively reduce tumor sizes in animals. Online databases were used to identify papers from which quantitative data could be extracted. The mean size of NPs with proof of BBB penetration and the best performance in brain tumor reduction (or growth inhibition) was of 117 nm. More research should be conducted before stablishing an ideal material for these nanoparticles.
Inhibición de Crecimiento de Tumores de Cáncer de Próstata en Hipertermia Magnética mediada por Nanopartículas en Estudios Preclínicos: una Revisión de Alcance
Authors:   , Parada Peralta J. A.
Published: December 2021

Prostate Cancer is one of the major concern types of cancer among men with respect to incidence and mortality. One relatively recent therapy against it, provided by Nanomedicine, is Nanoparticle mediated Magnetic Hyperthermia, which consists on tumor heating when exposed to an Alternating Magnetic Field in order to inhibit tumor growth (around 42 °C) (and make tumor sensible to other therapies: synergia) or to cause cancer cell apoptosis (greater temperature than 42°C). This procedure has several advantages like deep-tissue-penetration, targeted heating, low toxicity by Nanoparticles, and others. To this treatment, some of the Magnetic Nanoparticle properties are fundamental to its success, principaly the size, morphology, etc. Here, therefore, the relationship between the size of the employed Nanoparticles and the Tumor Growth Inhibition that cause is reviewed when treating Prostate Cancer tumors on mice models by Magnetic Hyperthermia.
Dispositivo de Monitoreo de Glucosa en Sangre No Invasivo mediante Infrarrojo Cercano
Authors:   , Silos Chincoya G.
Published: December 2021

This researching study aims to report the development of a prototype device that may provide the estimation of the blood glucose concentration levels non-invasively using near-infrared transmission spectroscopy techniques. The system works in three stages: signal acquisition, calibration, and estimation of blood glucose concentration levels. The acquisition of the signal used an optical sensor based on a transimpedance circuit to obtain the different intensity changes of the emitting source in terms of voltage. The calibration of the proposed device was carried out taking as reference, the values of a commercial device that performs invasive blood glucose monitoring, with the aim of obtaining greater precision. In the last stage, the Lambert-Beer Law is mainly used to estimate glucose concentration. The proposed device presents a relationship between optical signals and variations in blood glucose levels with an accuracy of 90% in average which is statistically representative considering the class of non-invasive technology used for developing the proposed device.
Diseño de un sistema inalámbrico de estimulación eléctrica funcional adaptativo
Authors:   , Higuera González R. M.
Published: December 2021

In recent years, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) became a promising rehabilitation treatment for Spinal Cord Injuries (SCI). Different topologies for FES systems have been implemented to rehabilitate specific muscles, but this limits their adaptability for the stimulation of any other one. On the other hand, many of these designs are limited in portability because they do not use wireless technology. In this paper, we propose the design of an FES system that generates monophasic and biphasic current pulses in an amplitude range of 0 to 26 mA. In addition, the output stage of the FES system we propose, includes the use of a differential current source, whose amplitude can be manipulated by means of two digital potentiometers. Waveform, amplitude, frequency and pulse width can be manipulated directly from the Graphical User Interface (GUI) of the FES system. Moreover, a wireless interface was implemented between the computer and the system to give greater portability to the user and more movility to the patient. All these features make our design adaptable for different rehabilitation treatments.
Diseño y Modelado Cinemático de Exoesqueleto de Hombro para Paciente con Enfermedad Cerebrovascular
Authors:   , Ibarra Zea E. G.
Published: December 2021

Currently, there are people worldwide with motor disabilities due to cerebrovascular diseases. To face this problem, people are subjected to physiotherapies to help them recover the motor mobility of the upper limb, but currently, it is not possible to meet the high demand of people who require it. This gave rise to the development and use of exoskeletons to meet the high demand of patients, however, the problem with the exoskeletons currently positioned in the market is that they do not adapt to the anthropometry of the Mexican population. In the present work, we present the design of an exoskeleton to assist physical therapists in the motor rehabilitation of the shoulder for the Mexican population over 18 years old. This exoskeleton can perform the three basic shoulder movements (abduction-adduction, flexion-extension and internal-external rotation) and an extra movement is considered in the elbow part which is flexion-extension. In addition, kinematic modelling is presented, and use is made of MATLAB® software to visualize the movements of each joint.
Evaluación Cinemática y Funcional de una Prótesis de Mano Impresa en 3D
Authors:   , Quiñones-Urióstegui I.
Published: December 2021

Cuando se pierde una mano usualmente se colocan prótesis que permiten al sujeto seguir interactuando con el entorno y restaura las funciones que se pierden, existen diversos elementos terminales. En los últimos años las manos impresas han tenido un incremento en diseño y manufactura debido a: bajo costo; personalizable; fácil ensamblaje; entre otras. Por lo general estas manos no pasan por pruebas de funcionalidad, por lo que este trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar los factores biomecánicos que cambian el desempeño en las actividades de la vida diaria en manos impresas en 3D. Para este proyecto se utilizó una mano impresa, la activación de la mano se realiza mediante switches en una plantilla. Un sujeto de 60 años usuario de gancho realizo las pruebas con la mano impresa. La prueba de funcionalidad diseñada consta de 35 items divididos por tipo de pinza, que evalúan las actividades de la vida diaria. Se seleccionó un item de cada grupo para llevar a cabo una evaluación cinemática. La mano impresa tuvo una funcionalidad del 80% para tareas relacionadas con prensión y prensión peso, mientras que la para tareas con prensión y habilidad se encuentra en 20% y para prensión, peso y habilidad se encuentra en 0%. El elemento terminal gancho tuvo la mejor calificación de la prueba. En la cinemática existen diferencias entre los tres elementos terminales. De acuerdo con estos resultados podemos observar que aún existe trabajo por hacer dentro de las manos impresas en 3D, sobre todo para determinar su funcionalidad.
La Generación de Trayectorias Articulares para una Plataforma de Rehabilitación de la Fractura de Tobillo
Authors:   , Zamora M.
Published: December 2021

With the recent progress in care robots, the interest in the automatization of rehabilitation therapies has been increasing due to the benefits of personalized rehabilitation and the ease of performing rehabilitation without the need to leave home or have an expert throughout the entire process. Therefore, the present article proposes a methodology capable of generating the desired trajectories needed to conduct a proper ankle rehabilitation after suffering a fracture.
Prototipo de rehabilitación electromecánica con una aleación nitinol para parálisis de Bell grado I a III
Authors:   , Valdez Abraján M.
Published: December 2021

La parálisis de Bell se caracteriza por la pérdida o disminución de las funciones sensoriales y motoras en los músculos del lado afectado, que ocasionan modificaciones en los movimientos faciales, secreción de saliva, lágrimas, y sentido del gusto. En 2014, cerca del 80% de las parálisis faciales reportadas por las unidades de rehabilitación en México corresponden a este tipo. Los movimientos de rehabilitación que realiza el fisioterapeuta se definen por el grado de lesión determinados con la escala de House-Brackmann. En este trabajo proponemos un prototipo electromecánico que utiliza una aleación inteligente de nitinol para generar 2 movimientos de rehabilitación básicos. Las primeras pruebas en 3 pacientes, muestran que el sistema tiene potencial para favorecer una rehabilitación sencilla, autónoma, de bajo costo y de uso doméstico.
Ubicación del Eje de Rotación de una Articulación en Movimiento Mediante la Detección del Vector “r”
Authors:   , Martínez Lara D.
Published: December 2021

A common problem found in biomechanical systems based on moving articulations is the real position of the rotation axis. The difficulty in encountering the rotation axis is due to it keeps changing its position at determined (aleatory or specific) time lapses, if the position and movement changes in every instant, so does the rotation axis. A useful tool that may solve this unknown is the cross product, because it considers the rotation of a vector “u” to a vector “v” (both constructed by the position changes of two points of reference) and the axis created on this movement. This principle could be applied for every instant of the move and could trace an approximation of where the axis is in each time instant.
Innovación del Proceso de Dispensación de un Servicio de Farmacia Aplicando la Metodología Seis Sigma
Authors:   , Soto-Aviles A. K.
Published: December 2021

El Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, a través de su Servicio de Farmacia, diariamente, en promedio, dispensa 248 recetas y 12,673 piezas de medicamento para la atención de sus pacientes. Entre los procesos que se ejecutan para tal efecto, está el de dispensación, cuyo objetivo es suministrar los medicamentos en tiempo y forma, como respuesta a la emisión de una receta médica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el Proceso de Dispensación de Medicamentos y proponer acciones para mejorar su desempeño, aplicando las primeras tres etapas de la metodología seis sigma: definir, medir y mejorar. Se identificaron tres actividades que no agregan valor, un área de oportunidad y se propusieron tres acciones de mejora.
Aplicación de Inteligencia Artificial en un Videojuego Serio para la Rehabilitación de la Articulación del Codo
Authors:   , Aguilar Jiménez D. L.
Published: December 2021

The elbow joint is key in the functionality of the upper limbs and is used in many activities. In this sense, different pathologies and trauma can affect the Range Of Motion (ROM) and limit the patient’s capabilities such as playing sports, eating, drinking, brushing teeth, among others. Due to the problems described above, we have designed a prototype video game in Python, which is controlled by flexion and extension movements of the elbow. To develop it, we used OpenCV library and Mediapipe framework. The first one oversees image processing that helped us with the registration of the patient's movements in real time by means of the webcam. The final game can be used as a tool to ease the patient rehabilitation exercises.
Rendimiento de los Marcapasos Biológicos en Modelos Animales de Bloqueo AV: Una Revisión del Alcance
Authors:   , Galeano Blanco M. J.
Published: December 2021

The electronic pacemakers have some complications and limitations for which in the last two decades it has been investigated about biological pacemakers as an alternative treatment. The present study undertakes a scoping review of research on biological pacemakers assessed in an in vivo model of complete heart block to determine which approach has promoted the greatest restauration of heart rate. To achieve that, some databases were used to identify papers published 2011-2021, from which we retrieved 151 papers and after the identification and screening process only 6 articles were included. Of these articles, 4 articles had a pig as an animal model and 2 rats. The most common approach to design a biological pacemaker is gene therapy, alone or with cells in a hybrid approach. Only one study had a cell-based approach, which also achieved the heart rate closest to the normal physiological range of pigs. For rat’s models, the heart rate reported after the complete heart block were not physiologically relevant. In conclusion, the most promising therapy is the one based on cells, because it maintained the heart rate of the animal model within relevant physiological values over 2 weeks. In addition, to develop a permanent biological pacemaker is essential research about a better persistence of the expression for gene-based approach and long-term function assessment for any approach.
Concordancia entre el motivo de consulta y el diagnóstico final en pacientes pediátricos
Authors:   , Castañeda-Villa N.
Published: December 2021

Concordance analysis using Cohen's Kappa index (􏰀􏰀) has been widely used in clinical research to determine the degree of agreement between two measurements made by the same observer (intra-observer agreement) or between the measurements of two observers on the same variable (inter- observer agreement). In this work, we used 􏰀􏰀 to determine the degree of inter-observer agreement between the reason for consultation and the final diagnosis issued by an interdisciplinary team of The Mexican Institute of Hearing and Language (IMAL). The institute receives around ten pediatric patients per month; the reasons for consulting these patients are diverse. In this research, 53 pediatric patients completed their studies in the IMAL and received a final diagnostic. A research assistant manually collected the data from the medical records of the IMAL Medical Direction. For example, 1) reason for consultation, 2) studies carried out, 3) recommendations, and 4) the final diagnosis. The global concordance between consultation and the definitive diagnosis was 􏰀􏰀 = 0.44 (moderate concordance). Although a Health Professional suggested the reason for consultation, it only covers a clinical aspect. Therefore, we think that the moderate concordance obtained is since an interdisciplinary medical group issues the final diagnostic, achieving a complete diagnosis; this allows the adequate medical care and rehabilitation of the pediatric patient.
Evaluación Funcional de un Tomógrafo de 64 Cortes con Indicadores de Productividad
Authors:   , Guzmán-Canizales L.
Published: December 2021

El Área de Tomografía Computarizada (ATC) del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, actualmente cuenta con un tomógrafo de 64 cortes, que fue adquirido en 2010. El equipo pronto estará obsoleto, debido a que la casa comercial ya no proporcionará soporte técnico. Por lo cual, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la funcionalidad de dicho tomógrafo durante el periodo 2018-2020, considerando tres aspectos: la productividad del ATC; y el desempeño técnico y económico del equipo. Se desarrollaron y aplicaron ocho indicadores que atienden dichos aspectos, que arrojaron que el tomógrafo de 64 cortes del Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, debe sustituirse en el corto plazo, es decir, en el transcurso de los próximos tres años.
Comparación de Dispositivos para la Adquisición de Señales de Acelerometría en Extremidades Superiores para la Caracterización del Temblor Parkinsoniano
Authors:   , Salgado López A.
Published: December 2021

Tremor is the most common motor disorder of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since accelerometry analysis can help determining the frequency, amplitude, and occurrence of tremor. We compared accelerometry (ACC) acquisitions from two devices to assess Parkinsonian Tremor in upper limbs. The first one, is designed in this work and it is based on an ACC wrist movement acquisition, the second one was designed previously, which is placed on the finger for ACC acquisition. The wrist band device designed in this work is a prototype made with easy access and low-cost components. ACC signals were acquired from 3 healthy volunteers placing our devices on wrist and on the index finger while performing specific maneuvers that enhance the presence of tremor in the upper limbs. The results suggest that ACC signals from both devices are comparable, considering a correlation coefficient of 0.9953, despite the ACC sensors were placed in different sections of the upper limbs.
Matriz de priorización como herramienta estratégica para el cumplimiento normativo de infraestructura y equipamiento en hospitales
Authors:   , González Campos E.
Published: December 2021

A prioritization matrix is presented as a proposal for an strategic management tool. It is intended to help in the detection of priority spotlights of non-conformities detected in equipment and infrastructure standards assessment for hospitals, all based on Mexican official normativity. It considers a multivariable analysis of risk for the establishment, professionals and patients, difficulty to solve, and financial costs. The methodology to build the matrix and the summatory formula are explained. Finally, a use example in a second level private hospital is presented as well.
Comparativa de modelos multivariados basados en aprendizaje automático para la predicción del riesgo de diabetes en etapas tempranas
Authors:   , Ramírez Gaytán Zayra
Published: December 2021

Diabetes is one of the fastest-growing, life-threatening, chronic degenerative diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), it has affected 422 million people worldwide in 2018. Approximately 50% of all people who suffer diabetes are not diagnosed due to the asymptomatic phase which usually lasts a long time. In this work, a data set of 520 instances has been used. The data set has been analyzed with the next three algorithms: logistic regression algorithm, decision trees and random forest. The results show that the decision tree algorithm had better performance with an AUC of 98%. Also, it was found the most common symptoms that a person with a risk of diabetes presents are polyuria, polydipsia and sudden weight loss.
Proceso de Optimización y Evaluación de una Antena Micro-coaxial para el Tratamiento de Tumores Óseos
Authors:   , Rojas Hernández S. E.
Published: December 2021

Bone tumors are commonly treated with surgery (amputation), radiation therapy, and chemotherapy; however, its side effects compromise the patient’ quality of life. Thermotherapy is a less aggressive alternative to treat these tumors. In thermal ablation temperatures between 60 °C-100 °C must be reached in the tumor. The process to design and optimize a one-slot microwave antenna by using COMSOL Multiphysics, is proposed. An axi-symmetric 2D parametric study was carried out, in which 576 scenarios (antenna designs) were analyzed to choose the one that allowed higher energy transmission, temperature increases in the ablation range, larger areas of necrotic tissue, etc. From this study, the best scenario was chosen to evaluate its performance by using a 3D anatomical model. The final optimized antenna presented a SWR = 1.45; moreover, it was possible to observed that the 67.35% of tumor volume reaches ablation temperatures.
Modelo no paramétrico por redes LSTM del reflejo vestíbulo-ocular en respuesta a aceleraciones inducidas
Authors:   , Macias-Hernandez A. A.
Published: December 2021

The following work introduces a non-parametric, long-short term memory (LSTM) neural network model to represent the vestibulo-ocular reflex in response to induced accelerations. This study includes the development of a device to obtain the data required to train the model including inertial measurement units and electrocolugraph (EOG) sensors. The model seeks to mimic the biological response of the vestibular apparatus and nuclei through the obtention of accelerometer and gyroscope data while attempting to track a reference set by the EOG measurements in the training process of the LSTM identifier. The implementation of learning laws that guarantee the modeling error is converging the origin justifies the implementation of LSTMs as artificial models of the vestibulo-ocular reflexes. The modeling results show a short convergence time and a low mean squared error obtained after a cycle of measuring analysis, thus showing that the model can successfully track the proposed EOG reference and can be used to assess the response of people in induced acceleration conditions such as flying simulation, vestibular rehabilitation and some other.
Validación fisiológica de un modelo de pie humano para estudio de patología de dedo en garra
Authors:   , González Torres L. M.
Published: December 2021

The standing finite element models allow the study of their biomechanical-structural behavior. Research of this type provides podiatrists with knowledge in improving surgical techniques, thus allowing the exploration of new alternatives in the correction of biomechanical alterations in the lower extremities. Thus, reporting models in the literature with different types of contact in the joints, insertion of soft tissues such as the skin, as well as variation in the properties of the tissues. This research presents two numerical finite element models, healthy foot and claw toe pathology in the second radius. Based on the model of Mancera et al. (2020). The modifications include changes in load and contour conditions to simulate the "midstance" phase with 700 N load. The pathology model presents rotations and adjustments in the main soft tissues involved in the second radius of the foot. The two models were meshed and solved under the same conditions. The results of the simulation of the models are validated with the Costa Bartani and Kite angle. This was performed in the unloaded and loaded foot cases to verify that the model is within the parameters of the healthy foot. The Costa Bartani angle presented the greatest variation, while the Kite angle remained within the range value for a healthy foot. The models proposed during their evaluation show that pathologies that only involve the second radius of the foot affect the aforementioned angles, therefore, the biomechanical-structural behavior of the foot, allowing the study of other pathologies in future work.
Bosque Aleatorio Basado en Rasgos Tiempo-Frecuencia de la VFC Fetal para la Identificación de Actividad Uterina en Fetos a Término y Pretérmino
Authors:   , Olmos Ramírez R. L.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this work was to discriminate periods of contraction and periods of rest during labor by implementing a random forest classifier based on time-frequency features of the fetal heart rate variability (fHRV) from term and preterm fetuses. fHRV signals from term (PT = 38) and preterm (PP = 25) fetuses were analyzed during active labor. The signals were segmented with respect to the presence or absence of uterine activity. Subsequently, time-frequency indices of fHRV such as flow (0 °, 45 ° and 90 °) and energy (very low, low and high frequency) were calculated. The classifier obtained an area under the ROC curve of 0.87 and 0.88, for PT and PP respectively. Our results suggest that for both groups (PT and PP), there is a different cardiac dynamic between periods of contraction and periods of rest. Therefore, it is important to distinguish between the two periods to adequately characterize the fetal response to labor.
Estimación Semi-automática de Fracción Glandular Mamaria en Imágenes de Mastografía
Authors:   , Zamudio-Arteaga M. P. R.
Published: December 2021

Breast cancer is a priority public health problem due to its global magnitude and importance, that develops mainly in the glandular tissue. On mammography imaging, the presence of a large amount of glandular tissue could conceal lesions. Due to this, the estimation of glandular fraction (FG) is a tool that allows evaluating the risk of developing breast cancer. Having knowledge of the different tissues that constitute the anatomy of the breast (glandular, connective and adipose tissues), on a mammography image there are structures that should not be considered for the estimation of the FG, such as skin or pectoral muscle. In the clinical practice, a proper differentiation between glandular and connective tissues is a challenging task, and a discrimination of extra-mammary structures from glandular tissue is particularly difficult due to an intensity similarity. In this work, a strategy to properly isolate the principal breast tissues from the extra-mammary structures, and to perform a robust semi-automatic segmentation of glandular, connective and adipose tissues by using the K-means algorithm in order to provide a quantitative estimation of the mammary glandular fraction is presented. Additionally, a comparison with the Density-based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) and an empirical glandular fraction estimated by a clinical expert, to demonstrate the convenience of the strategy is made.
Una Web Service de Diagnóstico de COVID-19 en Imágenes de Rayos-X de Tórax basado en Redes Neuronales
Authors:   , Alvaro-Torres V.
Published: December 2021

La enfermedad del coronavirus 2019 se ha extendido a una velocidad impresionante por todo el mundo, infectando a miles de personas y provocando la pandemia actual. Debido a esta crisis de salud, los gobiernos han tratado de minimizar la propagación, tomando acciones como restringir la movilidad de los ciudadanos y las interacciones en sus comunidades. La detección temprana de COVID-19 ha sido un punto clave para que los médicos restrinjan las consecuencias negativas de la enfermedad, y es crucial desarrollar esquemas de detección rápidos y precisos. Esta idea ha motivado a muchos grupos de investigación a centrar su atención en diferentes opciones para obtener herramientas de diagnóstico automáticas, rápidas y efectivas. La radiografía de tórax es una herramienta accesible para el diagnóstico clínico. Para ello, proponemos una herramienta de diagnóstico automático basada en redes neuronales, que fue entrenada y validada con una base de datos de imágenes de rayos X de acceso libre y abierto. El enfoque propuesto incluyó una etapa de procesamiento inicial para normalizar las magnitudes de intensidad en la imagen, seguida de una remodelación del tamaño para mejorar la robustez y la velocidad de procesamiento. A continuación, se entrenó y validó la red neuronal logrando una precisión superior al 96% en ambas etapas. Como parte de esta contribución, se implementó una Web Service, para que la evaluación de futuras imágenes de rayos X se pudiera realizar en línea. El servicio web propuesto incluye una verificación de coherencia de la imagen de prueba para evitar malas interpretaciones.
The evaluation of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability based on nonlinear model
Authors: Liang Guihong , Alghazzawi Daniyal M. , Joseph Nympha Rita
Published: December 2021

Under the background of ‘mass entrepreneurship and innovation’, Chinese colleges and universities have strengthened students’ entrepreneurial and innovative abilities. The article first analyses the reasons why applied universities should strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship education. On this basis, the evaluation index system of students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability is constructed. The thesis uses the nonlinear structural model to complete the index weight setting. Finally, the paper verifies the effectiveness of the combined evaluation model through the data on innovation and entrepreneurship of college students in an university where applied. At the same time, the article proposes measures for optimising the ecological environment of innovation and entrepreneurship education for colleges and universities.
A Study on the Woven Construction of Fabric Dyed With Natural Indigo Dye and Finishing for Applying to Product Design for Home Textile Products
Authors: Chollakup Rungsima , Rungruangkitkrai Nattadon , Apipatpapha Thanyachol , Witayakran Suteera , Nithithongsakol Nattawat , Mongkholrattanasit Rattanaphol
Published: December 2021

This research aims to study woven fabric construction with natural indigo dyeing with finishing for home textile applications. The physical and mechanical properties, including color fastness tests, of these woven fabrics according to ISO standards for home textiles exported to the European Union were characterized. Tensile strength, tear strength, and pilling resistance of these woven fabrics were appropriate to design, and had enough strength for bed linens, duvet covers, and pillowcases. The color fastness to washing, water, and light of these woven fabrics passed the requirements for bed linens and pillowcases, except for color fastness to wet rubbing, due to the low performance of natural dyestuff. Thus, a finishing technique of water repellency was applied to improve these properties. This design of natural fiber fabrics dyed with natural indigo was developed for home textile products whose fabrics were produced by community enterprise. These home textile products can be used as a collection prototype for a spa room in a hotel.
Regression methods for evaluation of the underwater noise levels in the Slovenian Sea
Authors: Popit Andreja
Published: December 2021

Abstract in English

Anthropogenic underwater noise pollution of seas and oceans caused by shipping can have negative effects on marine animals. The aim of this study was to evaluate quantitatively how much the underwater noise levels in the Slovenian Sea were influenced by anthropogenic pressures and meteorological parameters in the period from 2015 until 2018. For this purpose, correlation method and least squares multiple linear regression analysis were used. The results of this study show that the correlation of underwater noise levels with the dredging activity is significant but low, while correlation with the ship densities is insignificant, which could be due to reduced sound wave propagation in the shallow sea levels. Correlation of the underwater noise levels with the wind speed was significant but low to medium, which could be explained by the breaking waves generated by the wind that produced sound.
Life style factors assisting in tobacco abstinence in smokers visiting smoking cessation clinic, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Nujaifan Nouf , Alturki Ibrahim , Alzahrani Mohammed , Alhamdi Naif , Alamoudi Abdullah , Alghamdi Abdulaziz
Published: December 2021

Background: Smoking is one of the leading bad habits that persist in a good percentage throughout the population although being known to cause a magnitude of illnesses. The study aimed to observe the smokers who were willing to quit, how they helped themselves to refrain from smoking and how beneficial they thought these strategies were to assist them. Furthermore, it was aimed to explore the provoking factor for smoking and main motive to quit.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 455 smokers visiting one of the smoking cessation clinics during the year 2021. These participants were interviewed to collect the data about their smoking history, previous cessation trials, and factors which helped them to refrain from smoking.
Results: Among 455 participants, 315 had at least one previous trial to cease smoking. They averaged to a mean value of 5.21 out of 10 for smoking dependence level and were willing to quit by a mean value of 8.17 out of 10. It was noticed that majority of them found some helpful modifiable factors to ease their dependence, exercise was the leading factor chosen to help reduce/abstaining smoking, followed by food consumption.
Conclusion: While there are pharmaceutical interventions to relieve smoking, physicians and health care workers should emphasize the importance of counseling and the importance to change one\'s lifestyle to ease quitting smoking, and should encourage it. Engaging in activities like exercise, working, or substituting the smoking habit with eating could show a noticeable effect on their success to overcome smoking.
Two-Way Symmetrical Communication Pattern: Company Strategy to Build Engagement Through Social Media
Authors: Girsang Chyntia Novy , Kartikawangi Dorien
Published: December 2021

Engagaement in social media plays a significant role in stakeholders management. This study aims to describe the corporate communication strategy in building engagement through two-way symmetrical communication on Instagram social media content, as well as the engagement formed therein. This research uses a constructivist paradigm, qualitative approach with case study on Sinar Mas’ Instagram. Primary data collection was done by in-depth interviews, while secondary data was obtained by observations on Sinar Mas’ Instagram. The results show that corporate strategy to build engagement is by desaining relevant content to everyday life, using creative visual desain tailored to target audience, put audience in an equal position, create simple messages and insert questions so that it can further encourage two-way communication. Researchers also found that in building engagement, company effectively implement symmetrical communication by building interaction, dialogue, reciprocal communication, and trying to always respond the incoming messages. In this case, engagement that is formed is at the intermediate level or at the level of individual analysis which concluded from interaction results and cognitive, affective and behavior engagement of followers on Instagram. Engagement melalui media sosial memainkan peran yang signifikan dalam pengelolaan pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi komunikasi perusahaan dalam membangun engagement melalui pola komunikasi simetris dua arah pada konten media sosial Instagram, serta engagement yang terbentuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis, pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus pada Instagram Sinar Mas. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari observasi terhadap Instagram Sinar Mas. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan konsep komunikasi simetris dua arah dan tingkat keterlibatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi perusahaan untuk membangun engagement adalah dengan merancang konten yang relevan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari, menggunakan visual desain kreatif yang disesuaikan dengan target khalayak, menempatkan khalayak dalam posisi yang setara, membuat pesan yang sederhana dan menyisipkan pertanyaan sehingga dapat lebih mendorong komunikasi dua arah. Peneliti juga menemukan bahwa dalam membangun engagement, perusahaan menerapkan komunikasi simetris dengan membangun interaksi, dialog, komunikasi timbal balik, serta berusaha untuk selalu merespon pesan yang masuk. Dalam hal ini, engagement yang terbentuk berada pada tingkat menengah, yaitu pada tingkat analisis individu berdasarkan interaksi dan keterlibatan secara kognitif, afektif dan perilaku dari pengikut  Instagramnya.
Estudo das sequelas neuroanatômicas associadas à Síndrome Pós-COVID-19
Authors: Bragatto Marina Guimarães , Almeida Beatriz Melo de , Sousa Graziela Cesar de , Silva Graziele Aparecida , Pessoa Lucas de Sousa Gontijo , Silva Lucas Klier , Amorim Luiza Bitarães , Bar Stael Fernandes , Sousa Viviane Teixeira de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Abordar a fisiopatologia da infecção pelos SARS-CoV-2 e descrever as repercussões neuroanatômicas desencadeadas pela Síndrome Pós-COVID. Revisão bibliográfica: A COVID-19 é uma afecção respiratória viral aguda. O SARS-CoV-2 é um ꞵ-coronavírus com material genético do tipo RNA com a superfície incrustada de proteínas spike (S) que possibilitam a entrada do patógeno na célula. As manifestações clínicas estão relacionadas à resposta imune do hospedeiro e se caracterizam por acometimentos em diversos órgãos e sistemas. As repercussões neurológicas podem ser não específicas, moderadas e severas. Denomina-se como Síndrome pós-COVID 19 o conjunto de manifestações clínicas que persiste por mais de duas ou três semanas após o início da sintomatologia. Dentre os acometimentos associados, as sequelas neuroanatômicas destacam-se como injúrias capazes de ocasionar morbimortalidade significativa. Por tratar-se de quadro incipiente, não há ainda tratamento padrão instituído para manejo destas sequelas. Considerações finais: A Síndrome Pós-COVID 19 está associada a sequelas importantes, inclusive no Sistema Nervoso Central. Foram descritas diferentes manifestações neurológicas como encefalopatia, acidente vascular cerebral, anosmia, ageusia, tontura, cefaleia, Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, dentre outras. Faz-se necessária a condução de mais estudos para que o manejo destes pacientes seja suportado pelas melhores evidências a fim de minimizar as morbidades a longo prazo.
Visita técnica a uma clínica nefrológica realizada por estudantes de medicina: um relato de experiência
Authors: Souza Gabriela Augusta Silva de , Silva Grazielle Lima , Oliveira Giovanna Mendes de , Lima Mariella Prini Dias , Alarcon Sâmia Maranagoni , Costa Giullia da , Paulo Luana Nathaly de , Fávero Vitória , Sanches Mariana , Rodrigues Angélica Nunes
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento e vivência de um estágio em uma clínica de nefrologia e o contato íntimo com a doença renal crônica. Relato de experiência: Baseado na visita em uma Clínica Nefrológica, na qual foi desenvolvida uma atividade com 16 discentes do curso de medicina, por meio de um estágio prático supervisionado por um médico nefrologista atuante na clínica em questão, a fim de compreender o funcionamento prático de um centro de referência em diálises, bem como ampliar o conhecimento da especialidade de nefrologia. Considerações finais: A participação no estágio extracurricular evidenciou que o envelhecimento populacional e o aumento de indivíduos com fatores de riscos durante os anos, tornaram-se fundamentais para formação, bem como para desenvolvimento de inúmeras habilidades médicas voltadas às doenças crônicas e suas consequências, além da notoriedade das profundas alterações na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos. Confirmando assim, a extrema necessidade da compreensão do funcionamento prático de um centro de referência em diálises, a fim de adotar melhores condutas num futuro próximo, além de propiciar um melhor entendimento sobre o biopsicossocial de pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas.
Aspectos das manifestações da síndrome pós-COVID-19: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Silveira Mércia Alexandra Amorim , Martins Bruno Aguiar , Chamon Larissa Silva Feres Gomes , Diniz Ana Elisa Dias , Assis Jênifer Bicalho de , Ferreira Luísa Dias Toledo , Macêdo Mariana Fernandes de Sousa , Verdin Maressa Precioso , Pereira Waléria Pimenta Cunha , Mendes Henrique de Castro
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a Síndrome Pós-COVID-19 (SPC). Revisão bibliográfica: A SPC é um termo utilizado na literatura para designar sinais e sintomas físicos e psicológicos debilitantes e persistentes, além do tempo usual, apresentados por pacientes que já se encontram na fase de recuperação da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Alguns fatores de risco dessa síndrome são: idade avançada, presença de comorbidades, sexo feminino e internação hospitalar. Entre as manifestações clínicas do COVID-19 longo, que é o outro nome utilizado para a SPC, podem-se citar: fadiga, dispneia, dor torácica e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos. Ademais, também são relatadas complicações decorrentes da SPC, como fibrose pulmonar, bronquiectasia e fenômenos tromboembólicos. Acerca do prognóstico desta síndrome, os dados publicados apontam para uma boa evolução geral dos pacientes, com a resolução das complicações. Considerações finais: A SPC é uma síndrome multissistêmica que pode afetar pacientes recuperados da COVID-19 e impactar negativamente em sua qualidade de vida. Portanto, é importante conhecer a doença, suas manifestações, o diagnóstico, tratamentos e prognóstico.
Técnicas e cuidados na aplicação do clareamento dental
Authors: Lima Vitor Alexandre Freire , Mendonça Izabel Cristina Gomes de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Describir las consecuencias de los agentes presentes en los productos blanqueadores sobre los tejidos dentales y la técnica adecuada para su uso, con el objetivo de paliar la sensibilidad que tantos pacientes demuestran. Revisión bibliográfica: Hay dos técnicas que puede utilizar el Cirujano Dentista (CD) para el proceso de blanqueamiento dental, a saber: la que se realiza en el consultorio dental y la casera, frecuentemente supervisada por profesionales. El tratamiento realizado en el consultorio odontológico utiliza peróxido de hidrógeno o carbamida en una concentración mayor, al compararlo con el realizado en el hogar, los procedimientos realizados en el consultorio odontológico presentan los resultados deseados en menos tiempo ya que la concentración de estos agentes varía de 35 a 40 %. Para poder brindar un tratamiento adecuado e individualizado, es necesario realizar una buena anamnesis en el paciente, tratando de averiguar si hay antecedentes de sensibilidad, si son fumadores, embarazadas, personas con lesiones precancerosas y alergias. Consideraciones finales: El profesional debe tener cuidado al utilizar la técnica correcta. Además, con la gran búsqueda de dientes más blancos, están surgiendo nuevas investigaciones sobre este tema, por lo que es importante que los profesionales se actualicen siempre para brindar el mejor confort a sus pacientes.