bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why do employees welcome or refuse shared leadership?: A qualitative exploration through force‐field analysis
Authors: Han Soo Jeoung , Yim Jeong‐Ha , Oh Jihye , Kwon Kibum , Lee Joonghak
Published: January 2023

We explored the perceptions of individuals in teams (both leaders and members) regarding shared leadership in the South Korean business context, seeking a nuanced and unique understanding of shared leadership. We examined how shared leadership in team‐based structures develops and functions. Informed by the driving and restraining forces framework, we elucidate factors that facilitate and that impede shared leadership practice and implementation. The analysis uses semi‐structured interviews with seven teams that each consist of one team leader and two team members. Findings include the four essential elements of shared leadership and the identification of the driving and restraining forces for why employees and managers welcome or refuse to accept shared leadership. We present strategies for human resource development (HRD) professionals seeking to cultivate shared leadership in the South Korean context. We also discuss the study's limitations and potential directions of inquiry for future researchers.
Time trends in prevalence of p16 positivity and combined HPV/p16 positivity in a large cohort of Danish vulvar cancer patients
Authors: Rasmussen Christina Louise , Thomsen Louise T. , Baandrup Louise , Franzmann Maria Benedicte , Kjær Alexander K. , Larsen Lise Grupe , Madsen Else Mejlgaard , Salinas Nadia Margeth Villena , Schledermann Doris , Winberg Birgitte Hjelm , Ørnskov Dorthe , Waldstrøm Marianne , Kjær Susanne K.
Published: January 2023

Vulvar cancer is rare, but causes substantial morbidity in affected patients. A subset of vulvar cancers is caused by high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV), which primarily exerts its oncogenic effect through upregulation of tumor suppressor protein p16. Tumors positive for both hrHPV and p16 (double positive) are assumed to be HPV‐driven, but only few large studies have investigated the combined prevalence of hrHPV and p16 positivity in vulvar cancer over time. In this Danish cross‐sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of p16 positivity and double positivity for hrHPV and p16 in a large sample of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCCs) diagnosed during 1990 to 2017. In a nationwide register, we identified VSCCs from 13 hospitals across Denmark, and collected archival tumor tissue for hrHPV testing with INNO‐LiPA and immunohistochemical p16 staining. We calculated the prevalence of hrHPV, p16 positivity and double positivity according to time, age and histological subtype and evaluated time trends through estimated annual percentage changes. We included 1278 VSCCs. Overall, 35.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 32.4‐37.6) were positive for p16 and 31.0% (95% CI: 28.4‐33.5) were positive for both hrHPV and p16. The prevalence of p16 positivity and double positivity increased over time, both in women aged ≤59 and ≥60 years. The double positive prevalence was higher in nonkeratinizing (60.7%) and warty/basaloid VSCCs (67.5%) than in keratinizing (16.1%) and verrucous VSCCs (5.0%). These results indicate that approximately one‐third of vulvar cancers were caused by hrHPV infection, supporting a substantial preventive potential of the HPV vaccine.
Inattention and the impact of monetary policy
Authors: An Zidong , Abo‐Zaid Salem , Simon Sheng Xuguang
Published: January 2023

We measure aggregate inattention as the common component in agents' inattentiveness to many economic variables. Applying this measure to the US Survey of Professional Forecasters enables us to establish the following empirical evidence. Professional forecasters update their information sets every 5 months on average but do so more frequently in response to high inflation and unemployment, as well as rising market volatility and policy uncertainty. Monetary policy shocks have larger real effects when the degree of inattention is higher. To explain our empirical findings, we propose a general equilibrium model with state‐dependent information rigidity in both the production and household sectors.
The association among insomnia symptom severity, comorbid symptoms, and suicidal ideation in two veteran cohorts meeting diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder
Authors: Kramer Emily B. , Gaeddert Laurel A. , Jackson Christine L. , Hostetter Trisha A. , Forster Jeri E. , Nazem Sarra
Published: January 2023

Objective

Examine the association between insomnia symptom severity and suicidal ideation (SI), after adjusting for clinical comorbidity in veterans meeting diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder.

Methods

Secondary data analyses of psychometrically validated baseline assessments of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety symptoms from two online insomnia intervention randomized clinical trials (n = 232; n = 80) were conducted. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the association between insomnia symptom severity and SI, after controlling for clinical comorbidity and demographics.

Results

Insomnia symptom severity was significantly correlated with comorbid depression, PTSD, and anxiety symptoms in both cohorts and significantly correlated with SI in one. After controlling for demographics and clinical comorbidity, insomnia symptom severity was not significantly associated with SI in linear regression models.

Conclusion

Findings extend insomnia‐suicide research by providing evidence that insomnia symptom severity may not confer a unique risk for SI above comorbid mental health symptoms in veterans meeting diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder.
John Henryism Active Coping and COVID‐19 policy compliance
Authors: Sullivan Jas M. , Harman Moriah
Published: January 2023

The aim of this paper is to examine whether the way one copes with stressful situations, as measured by John Henryism Active Coping (JHAC), influences behavioral responses to the pandemic, such as whether they engaged in mask wearing, social distancing, and hand washing. The data for this study come from the 2020 Blair Center Poll, which was conducted by the Blair Center of Southern Politics and Society at the University of Arkansas. Results show that high JHAC had a significant effect on COVID‐19 policy compliance. Additionally, there was an interaction effect between JHAC and race on COVID‐19 policy compliance. This effect was significant for only African Americans and Hispanics—not Whites. In other words, among African Americans and Hispanics, high JHAC had a significant effect on their compliance with COVID‐19 policies. These findings suggest that coping structures policy compliance during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Improving collagen processing towards a greener approach: current progress
Authors: Mohamad Razali Umi Hartina , Ya'akob Harisun , Sarbon Norizah Mhd , Zainan Nur Hidayah , Dailin Daniel Joe , Zaidel Dayang Norulfairuz Abang
Published: January 2023

The high market demand for collagen as a biomaterial has prompted additional studies into improved methods of collagen extraction without sacrificing the overall quality of collagen. The use of clean technology for sustainable collagen extraction has recently gained popularity due to its efficiency and minimal waste production. This review focuses on improving collagen processing based on three essential steps: pre‐treatment (fermentation, high shear mechanical homogenisation, ultrasound), extraction (ultrasound‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, physical‐aided extraction, and supercritical fluid technology), and recovery (ultrafiltration). This review also summarises the benefits and drawbacks of the emerging green technologies used in each step to obtain collagen. This study shows that these clean technologies eliminate the need for excessive chemicals and shortens processing time. However, each collagen‐processing step must be carefully controlled to preserve structural integrity, which influences collagen's properties and hence its uses for further applications. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Long‐term ANT‐DBS effects in pilocarpine‐induced epileptic rats: A combined 9.4T MRI and histological study
Authors: Xu Ke , Xie Pandeng , Deng Jiahui , Tang Chongyang , Wang Xiongfei , Guan Yuguang , Zhou Jian , Li Tianfu , Liang Xiaohang , Jing Bin , Gao Jia‐Hong , Luan Guoming
Published: January 2023

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT) appears to be effective against seizures in animals and humans however, its therapeutic mechanisms remain elusive. This study aimed to combine 9.4T multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with histology to investigate the longitudinal effects of long‐term ANT‐DBS in pilocarpine‐induced epileptic rats. Status epilepsy (SE) was induced by LiCl‐pilocarpine injection in 11 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Four weeks after SE, chronic epileptic rats underwent either ANT‐DBS (n = 6) or sham‐DBS (n = 5) surgery. Electroencephalography (EEG) and spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) were recorded for 1 week. The T2‐weighted image and images from resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) were acquired at three states: before SE, at 4 weeks post‐SE, and at 5 weeks post‐DBS. Volumes of the hippocampal subregions and hippocampal‐related functional connectivity (FC) were compared longitudinally. Finally, antibodies against neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic proteins were used to evaluate neuronal loss and astrogliosis in the hippocampus. Long‐term ANT‐DBS significantly reduced seizure generalization in pilocarpine‐induced epileptic rats. By analyzing the gray matter volume using T2‐weighted images, long‐term ANT‐DBS displayed morphometric restoration of the hippocampal subregions. Neuronal protection of the hippocampal subregions and inhibition of astrogliosis in the hippocampal subregions were observed in the ANT‐DBS group. ANT‐DBS caused reversible regulation of FC in the insula‐hippocampus and subthalamic nucleus‐hippocampus. Long‐term ANT‐DBS provides comprehensive protection of hippocampal histology, hippocampal morphometrics, and hippocampal‐related functional networks.
Disrupted vision impairs force steadiness and accuracy in chronic ankle instability patients
Authors: Lee Hyunwook , Han Seunguk , Son S. Jun , Seeley Matthew K. , Hopkins J. Ty
Published: January 2023

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visual disruption on submaximal force steadiness and accuracy among three groups including chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients, lateral ankle sprain copers, and healthy controls. Twenty patients with CAI, 20 copers, and 20 matched‐healthy controls volunteered to participate in the study. Submaximal force steadiness and accuracy for evertors, invertors, and hip abductors (10% and 20% of their maximal voluntary isometric contraction) were measured with an isokinetic dynamometer. All groups performed the tasks with and without stroboscopic glasses. The CAI group showed worse steadiness and accuracy in evertors with visual disruption compared to nonvisual disruption (p < 0.0001 and = 0.02, respectively). Relative to the control group, the CAI group showed worse force steadiness and accuracy in evertors (p < 0.0001, both), worse force accuracy in hip abductors (p = 0.02), and the coper group also showed worse accuracy in evertors (p = 0.02). Individuals with CAI demonstrated impaired force steadiness and accuracy in evertors and hip abductors compared to healthy controls. In addition, they tended to rely more on visual feedback during the force steadiness task than copers and healthy controls.
Graphical evaluation of evidence structure within a component network meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Hua , Shih Ming‐Chieh , Tu Yu‐Kang
Published: January 2023

Component network meta‐analysis (CNMA) compares treatments comprising multiple components and estimates the effects of individual components. For network meta‐analysis, a standard network plot with nodes for treatments and edges for direct comparisons between treatments is drawn to visualize the evidence structure and the connections between treatments. However, the standard network plot does not effectively illustrate the connections between components for a CNMA. For example, the comparison between linear combinations of components within a trial is not shown directly in a standard network plot, and whether all components are identifiable cannot be deduced directly from the plot. Therefore, we need a new approach to visualizing the evidence structure of a CNMA. In this article, we proposed a new graph, a modified signal‐flow graph representing a system of equations, to evaluate the evidence structure for CNMA. In our new graph, each node represents a component, and arrows are used to show linear relationships between components. We used two examples to demonstrate how to draw and interpret the graph and how to use it to identify components that require more evidence.
A test of motion‐sensitive cameras to index ungulate densities: group size matters
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , Lazzeri Lorenzo , Fattorini Niccolò
Published: January 2023

The use of species detection rates gathered from motion‐sensitive cameras as relative abundance indices (RAIs) could be a cost‐effective tool to monitor wildlife populations; however, validations based on comparisons with reference methods are necessary. We considered 3 ungulates, wild boar (Sus scrofa), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and fallow deer (Dama dama), and compared 2 different RAIs with independent indices of density obtained through feces counts across 3 summers (2019–2021) in a protected area of central Italy. We estimated the number of detections per day (RAIevents), and the number of individuals per day (RAIindividuals) from remote camera videos. Both indices were correlated with density estimates, yet only RAIindividuals correctly ranked interspecific densities. Values of RAIevents for the most abundant and gregarious ungulate (i.e., wild boar) were biased low and were lower than those of fallow deer. The uncertainty of RAIs was acceptable for the 2 most abundant study species (CVs ≤ 25%) but was greater for roe deer. At the intra‐specific level, density estimates and RAIs showed comparable but slight inter‐annual variation. Our results support the use of RAIs derived from motion‐sensitive cameras as a promising and cost‐effective tool to monitor ungulate populations, and researchers should incorporate group size into monitoring. We advocate the necessity of field tests based on comparison with locally reliable reference methods to validate the use of motion‐sensitive cameras.
Bidirectional needs assessment of otolaryngology–head and neck surgery short‐term surgical trips to Ethiopia and Kenya
Authors: Chweya Cynthia M. , Ryder C. Yoonhee , Fei‐Zhang David J. , Green Katerina J. , Zemene Yilkal , Okerosi Samuel , Wiedermann Joshua P.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To create an otolaryngology‐specific needs assessment tool for short‐term global surgical trips and to describe our findings from its implementation.

Methods

Surveys 1 and 2 were developed based on a literature review and disseminated to Low‐Middle Income (LMIC) hosting institutions in Kenya and Ethiopia and to High‐Income surgical trip participants (HIC), respectively. Respondents were otolaryngologists identified online, through professional organizations, and by word‐of‐mouth, who had participated in a surgical trip of <4 weeks.

Results

HIC and LMIC respondents shared similar goals of expanding host surgical skills through education and training while building sustainable partnerships. Discrepancies were identified between LMIC desired surgical skills and supply needs and HIC current practices. Microvascular reconstruction (17.6%), advanced otologic surgery (17.6%), and FESS (14.7%) were most desired skills and high‐demand equipment needs were FESS sets (89%), endoscopes (78%), and surgical drills (56%). Frequently taught techniques included advanced otologic surgery (36.6%), congenital anomaly surgery (14.6%), and FESS (14.6%) with the largest gap between LMIC‐need and HIC‐offerings being in microvascular reconstruction (17.6% vs. 0%). We also highlight the discrepancy in expectations of responsibility for trip logistics, research, and patient follow‐up.

Conclusion

We created and implemented the first otolaryngology‐specific needs assessment tool in the literature. With its implementation in Ethiopia and Kenya, we were able to identify unmet needs as well as attitudes and perceptions of LMIC and HIC participants. This tool may be adapted and utilized to assess specific needs, resources, and goals of both host and visiting teams to facilitate successful global partnerships.

Level of Evidence

Level VI.
Deep Brain Stimulation: When to Test Directional?
Authors: Debove Ines , Petermann Katrin , Nowacki Andreas , Nguyen Thuy‐Anh Khoa , Tinkhauser Gerd , Michelis Joan Philipp , Muellner Julia , Amstutz Deborah , Bargiotas Panagiotis , Fichtner Jens , Schlaeppi Janine Ai , Krack Paul , Schuepbach Michael , Pollo Claudio , Lachenmayer Martin Lenard
Published: January 2023

Background

Directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) allows for steering of the stimulation field, but extensive and time‐consuming testing of all segmented contacts is necessary to identify the possible benefit of steering. It is therefore important to determine under which circumstances directional current steering is advantageous.

Methods

Fifty two Parkinson's disease patients implanted in the STN with a directional DBS system underwent a standardized monopolar programming session 5 to 9 months after implantation. Individual contacts were tested for a potential advantage of directional stimulation. Results were used to build a prediction model for the selection of ring levels that would benefit from directional stimulation.

Results

On average, there was no significant difference in therapeutic window between ring‐level contact and best directional contact. However, according to our standardized protocol, 35% of the contacts and 66% of patients had a larger therapeutic window under directional stimulation compared to ring‐mode. The segmented contacts warranting directional current steering could be predicted with a sensitivity of 79% and a specificity of 57%.

Conclusion

To reduce time required for DBS programming, we recommend additional directional contact testing initially only on ring‐level contacts with a therapeutic window of less than 2.0 mA.
Evolution of Clinical Outcome Measures and Biomarkers in Sporadic Adult‐Onset Degenerative Ataxia
Authors: Oender Demet , Faber Jennifer , Wilke Carlo , Schaprian Tamara , Lakghomi Asadeh , Mengel David , Schöls Ludger , Traschütz Andreas , Fleszar Zofia , Dufke Claudia , Vielhaber Stefan , Machts Judith , Giordano Ilaria , Grobe‐Einsler Marcus , Klopstock Thomas , Stendel Claudia , Boesch Sylvia , Nachbauer Wolfgang , Timmann‐Braun Dagmar , Thieme Andreas Gustafsson , Kamm Christoph , Dudesek Ales , Tallaksen Chantal , Wedding Iselin , Filla Alessandro , Schmid Matthias , Synofzik Matthis , Klockgether Thomas
Published: January 2023

Background

Sporadic adult‐onset ataxias without known genetic or acquired cause are subdivided into multiple system atrophy of cerebellar type (MSA‐C) and sporadic adult‐onset ataxia of unknown etiology (SAOA).

Objectives

To study the differential evolution of both conditions including plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers.

Methods

SPORTAX is a prospective registry of sporadic ataxia patients with an onset >40 years. Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was the primary outcome measure. In subgroups, blood samples were taken and MRIs performed. Plasma NfL was measured via a single molecule assay. Regional brain volumes were automatically measured. To assess signal changes, we defined the pons and middle cerebellar peduncle abnormality score (PMAS). Using mixed‐effects models, we analyzed changes on a time scale starting with ataxia onset.

Results

Of 404 patients without genetic diagnosis, 130 met criteria of probable MSA‐C at baseline and 26 during follow‐up suggesting clinical conversion to MSA‐C. The remaining 248 were classified as SAOA. At baseline, NfL, cerebellar white matter (CWM) and pons volume, and PMAS separated MSA‐C from SAOA. NfL decreased in MSA‐C and did not change in SAOA. CWM and pons volume decreased faster, whereas PMAS increased faster in MSA‐C. In MSA‐C, pons volume had highest sensitivity to change, and PMAS was a predictor of faster progression. Fulfillment of possible MSA criteria, NfL and PMAS were risk factors, CWM and pons volume protective factors for conversion to MSA‐C.

Conclusions

This study provides detailed information on differential evolution and prognostic relevance of biomarkers in MSA‐C and SAOA. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A derivative‐free projection method for nonlinear equations with non‐Lipschitz operator: Application to LASSO problem
Authors: Ibrahim Abdulkarim Hassan , Kumam Poom , Abubakar Auwal Bala , Abubakar Jamilu
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we introduce a derivative‐free iterative method for finding the solutions of convex constrained nonlinear equations (CCNE) using the projection strategy. The new approach is free from gradient evaluations at each iteration. Also, the search direction generated by the proposed method satisfies the sufficient descent property, which is independent of the line search. Compared with traditional methods for solving CCNE that assumes Lipschitz continuity and monotonicity to establish the global convergence result, an advantage of our proposed method is that the global convergence result does not require the assumption of Lipschitz continuity. Moreover, the underlying operator is assumed to be pseudomonotone, which is a milder condition than monotonicity. As an applications, we solve the LASSO problem in compressed sensing. Numerical experiments illustrate the performances of our proposed algorithm and provide a comparison with related algorithms.
Translations and psychometric validation of the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey
Authors: Cho Hyeonmi , Han Kihye , Baek Hyang , Ju Jieun
Published: January 2023

Enhancing nursing teamwork benefits both patients and nurses. The Nursing Teamwork Survey is a reliable, valid tool to evaluate nursing teamwork. This study was conducted to translate and psychometrically validate the Nursing Teamwork Survey for nurses in Korea. In Phase 1, the Nursing Teamwork Survey was translated into Korean using forward and backward translations. Content and face validity were determined using expert review and pilot testing, respectively. In Phase 2, we evaluated construct and convergent validity and internal consistency, and test‐retest reliability. We used survey data from 1119 hospital nursing staff; 98 of whom completed the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey after 2 weeks. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable fit (χ2/df ratio = 3.96, root mean square error of approximation = 0.05, standardized root mean square residual = 0.05, comparative fit index = 0.91, and Tucker‐Lewis index = 0.90) with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.76‐93) and test‐retest reliability (rs = 0.63–0.83). Convergent validity was supported by the correlation between the subscales of the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey and the Teamwork Within Units subscale of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (rs = 0.45–0.69, ps < 0.01). These findings indicate that the Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey is a reliable and valid measurement for assessing nursing teamwork. The Korean version of the Nursing Teamwork Survey can inform management strategies to promote nursing teamwork and improve patient safety and nurses' well‐being.
Long‐term all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality for four bariatric surgery procedures
Authors: Adams Ted D. , Meeks Huong , Fraser Alison , Davidson Lance E. , Holmen John , Newman Michael , Ibele Anna R. , Richards Nathan , Hunt Steven C. , Kim Jaewhan
Published: January 2023

Objective

This retrospective study incorporated long‐term mortality results after different bariatric surgery procedures and for multiple age at surgery groups.

Methods

Participants with bariatric surgery (surgery) and without (non‐surgery) were matched (1:1) for age, sex, BMI, and surgery date with a driver license application/renewal date. Mortality rates were compared by Cox regression, stratified by sex, surgery type, and age at surgery.

Results

Participants included 21,837 matched surgery and non‐surgery pairs. Follow‐up was up to 40 years (mean [SD], 13.2 [9.5] years). All‐cause mortality was 16% lower in surgery compared with non‐surgery groups (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79‐0.90; p < 0.001). Significantly lower mortality after bariatric surgery was observed for both females and males. Mortality after surgery versus non‐surgery decreased significantly by 29%, 43%, and 72% for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes, respectively. The hazard ratio for suicide was 2.4 times higher in surgery compared with non‐surgery participants (95% CI: 1.57‐3.68; p < 0.001), primarily in participants with ages at surgery between 18 and 34 years.

Conclusions

Reduced all‐cause mortality was durable for multiple decades, for multiple bariatric surgical procedures, for females and males, and for greater than age 34 years at surgery. Rate of death from suicide was significantly higher in surgery versus non‐surgery participants only in the youngest age at surgery participants.
Analysis of Care and Outcomes for Epistaxis Weekend Admissions
Authors: Cohen David Avery , Thomas Perez Laura Sofia , Chemas‐Velez Maria Manuela , Tseng Christopher C. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Fang Christina H.
Published: January 2023

Objectives

To study differences in care of patients admitted for epistaxis during the weekend compared to the weekday.

Study Design

Retrospective database review.

Setting

2003 to 2014 National Inpatient Sample.

Methods

Patients admitted for a primary diagnosis of epistaxis were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample from 2003 to 2014. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to assess differences in patient demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes between weekend and weekday admissions.

Results

A total of 39,329 cases were included in our study cohort, with 28,458 weekday admissions and 10,892 weekend admissions. There was no significant difference in patient race, gender, insurance status, hospital ownership status, or location between weekend and weekday admissions (p > .05). Most weekend admissions were emergent (82.2%) and were treated with packing (51.8%). Upon performing logistic regression, the likelihood of emergent admission (odds ratio [OR] 1.41, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32‐1.51, p < .001) and prolonged length of stay (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.05‐1.17, p < .001) was higher for weekend admissions versus weekday admissions. Moreover, odds of packing for epistaxis were significantly higher (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.09‐1.19, p < .001) on the weekend, while odds of ligation (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.80‐0.97, p = .013) and endovascular arterial embolization (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65‐0.84, p < .001) were lower. There were no significant differences in in‐hospital mortality, patient discharge disposition, and total hospital charges (p > .05).

Conclusion

Patients primarily admitted for epistaxis over the weekend were more likely to be emergent, experienced prolonged length of stay, and be treated nonoperatively with packing, than weekday admissions. No significant differences in patient insurance or hospital ownership were identified. Level of Evidence: 4.
Detection of Tip Fold‐Over of the Slim Modiolar Electrode Using Intraoperative Mobile Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Inoue Taishi , Tona Yosuke , Okano Takayuki , Omori Koichi , Yamamoto Norio
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the importance of mobile cone‐beam computed tomography in detecting tip fold‐over of a slim modiolar electrode within the cochlea during surgery.

Study Design

Retrospective case review.

Setting

Tertiary medical center.

Methods

From January 2020 to June 2022, 33 ears of 30 patients with normal cochlear morphology underwent cochlear implantation with slim modiolar electrodes and intraoperative mobile cone‐beam computed tomography imaging. Furthermore, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records and images.

Results

The tip fold‐over of the electrodes was detected using mobile cone‐beam computed tomography in 3 out of 33 ears (9.1%). We could not identify the tip fold‐over by scouting plain X‐ray images in 2 out of 3 cases before taking the cone‐beam computed tomography images. Electrode removal and reinsertion were performed before wound closure and the successful reinsertion was confirmed by mobile cone‐beam computed tomography. The folded electrode tips were located at 238.8°, 152°, and 185.8°.

Conclusion

Intraoperative mobile cone‐beam computed tomography is useful in detecting the tip fold‐over of the slim modiolar electrodes during surgery. Therefore, it was possible to reinsert the electrodes in all cases before closing the wound, eliminating the need for revision surgeries. Moreover, the analysis of mobile cone‐beam computed tomography images may help to elucidate the mechanisms of electrode tip fold‐over.
From science to society to practice? Public reactions to the insect crisis in Germany
Authors: Felgentreff Esther Sophie , Buchholz Sascha , Straka Tanja Maria
Published: January 2023

The insect crisis, as conservation topic, has historically received little attention among the general public. Yet, the publication “More than 75% decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas” by Hallmann et al. gained vast media coverage in Germany in October 2017. Given the media's known influence on public perception, we investigated (i) whether coverage of this publication increased awareness among the German public for insect die‐off, and (ii) whether it contributed to people's intentions to undertake insect protecting actions.

We used Google Trends to examine people's internet activity in Germany in relation to keywords relevant to our research question.

A high peak in Google searches for insect die‐off (“Insektensterben”) was indeed visible immediately after the study publication, and search volume remained significantly higher for the following 6 months, confirming that the topic gained attention.

Further, searches for the three keywords insect hotel, bee‐friendly and bee meadow (“Insektenhotel”, “bienenfreundlich”, “Bienenweide”) increased significantly over the summers of the years 2017 to 2019. It appears that increased media attention around insect die‐off spurned by the publication of Hallmann et al not only addressed the crisis but also encouraged implementation of simple insect protection measures by the public.

These findings suggest that cooperation between the media, conservation organizations and scientists to disseminate evidence‐based information alongside practical conservation measures may have lasting benefits.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Investigation on the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin/cyanate ester composites based on mSiO2@ZrPB and DOPO‐HQ
Authors: Wang Wenduo , Cao Zhilin , Wang Zhengzhou
Published: January 2023

Herein, we fabricated a hybrid (mSiO2@ZrPB) by modifying mesoporous silica (mSiO2) with zirconium N,N′‐piperazine (bismethylene phosphonate) (ZrPB) via a self‐assembly method, and studied the effects of the combination between mSiO2@ZrPB and 10‐(2,5‐dihydroxyphenyl)‐10H‐9‐oxa‐10‐phospha‐phenantbrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO‐HQ) on the curing behavior, flame retardancy, mechanical/thermal properties of epoxy/cyanate (EPCE) copolymer. The EPCE composite containing 8.0 wt% DOPO‐HQ and 2.0 wt% mSiO2@ZrPB reaches UL‐94V‐0 with the highest limiting oxygen index of 30.5%, and exhibits a reduction of 34.1% on the peak heat release rate and a reduction of 26.8% on the total heat release compared with pure EPCE. The flame‐retardant mechanism is mainly attributed to the catalyzing carbonization effect of both DOPO‐HQ and mSiO2@ZrPB in the condensed phase. Moreover, the EPCE composites have improved thermal resistance (i.e., an increase in glass transition temperature). In addition, the tensile and impact strengths of the composite containing 9.0 wt% DOPO‐HQ and 1.0 wt% mSiO2@ZrPB are respectively increased by 19.1% and 18.9%, with respect to those of pure EPCE. Moreover, the EPCE composites exhibit excellent dielectric properties. Additionally, the curing and thermal‐oxidative degradation behaviors of EPCE and its composites were investigated in more detail. The work provides a new strategy for preparation of EPCE composites with excellent comprehensive properties.
Metal‐ion sensor composed of self‐assembled monolayer of amine ligand formed by the use of molecular tripod
Authors: Kitagawa Toshikazu , Hanai Narimi , Kawano Takashi , Tono Ayaka , Tabata Hiroki , Kobayashi Tae , Hirai Katsuyuki , Okazaki Takao
Published: January 2023

The electrochemical ion‐sensor performance of the self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) of 3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine, which is known as a metal ionophore, was examined using a triad composed of ferrocene, an ionophore, and a tripodal trithiol with adamantane core. The voltammetry of the SAM‐modified Au electrode showed a large positive change (280 mV) in the ferrocene oxidation potential via the addition of Pb2+, with a detection limit of 10–6 M. A Langmuir adsorption‐type analysis of the ion binding equilibrium suggested that as much as 70% of the imidazopyridine ligand was actually functioning as a Pb2+ ionophore on the SAM, whereas the rest of the ligand was uncomplexed because of the crowding of the molecules in the SAM. Control experiments using an analogous triad of monothiol revealed a strong advantage in using trithiol; thus, tripod‐shaped anchor is requisite for the ionophore to function well as a sensor.
The association of physician empathy with cancer patient outcomes: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Lelorain Sophie , Gehenne Lucie , Christophe Véronique , Duprez Christelle
Published: January 2023

Objective

In oncology, research remains unclear as to whether physician empathy is associated with patient outcomes. Our goal was to answer this question and explore potential moderators of the association.

Methods

In this meta‐analysis on adult cancer care, we excluded randomised controlled trials, and studies of survivors without active disease or involving analogue patients. Eight databases were searched, in addition to reference lists of relevant articles and grey literature. Two reviewers independently screened citations, extracted data, assessed risk of bias and graded quality of evidence by using the AXIS tool. Effect size correlations (ESr) were chosen and pooled by using a random effect model. Subgroup analyses were performed, and statistically significant variables were introduced in a meta‐regression. Several methods were used to explore heterogeneity and publication biases.

Results

We included 55 articles, yielding 55 ESr (n = 12,976 patients). Physician empathy was associated with favourable patient outcomes: ESr = 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.18 to 0.27), z = 9.58, p < 0.001. However, heterogeneity was high, as reflected by a large prediction interval, 95% (−0.07 to 0.49) and I2 = 94.5%. The meta‐regression explained 53% of variance. Prospective designs and physician empathy assessed by researchers, compared with patient‐reported empathy, decreased ESr. Bad‐news consultations, compared with all other types of clinical encounters, tended to increase ESr.

Conclusion

Patient‐reported physician empathy is significantly associated with cancer patient outcomes. However, the high heterogeneity warrants further longitudinal studies to disentangle the conditions under which physician empathy can help patients. Recommendations are proposed for future research.
Plant conservation assessment at scale: Rapid triage of extinction risks
Authors: AuBuchon‐Elder Taylor , Minx Patrick , Bookout Bess , Kellogg Elizabeth A.
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact Statement

The current rate of global biodiversity loss creates a pressing need to increase efficiency and throughput of extinction risk assessments in plants. We must assess as many plant species as possible, working with imperfect knowledge, to address the habitat loss and extinction threats of the Anthropocene. Using the biodiversity database, Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN), and the Andropogoneae grass tribe as a case study, we demonstrate that large‐scale, preliminary conservation assessments can play a fundamental role in accelerating plant conservation pipelines and setting priorities for more in‐depth investigations.

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria are widely used to determine extinction risks of plant and animal life. Here, we used The Red List's criterion B, Geographic Range Size, to provide preliminary conservation assessments of the members of a large tribe of grasses, the Andropogoneae, with ~1100 species, including maize, sorghum, and sugarcane and their wild relatives.

We used georeferenced occurrence data from the Botanical Information and Ecology Network (BIEN) and automated individual species assessments using ConR to demonstrate efficacy and accuracy in using time‐saving tools for conservation research. We validated our results with those from the IUCN‐recommended assessment tool, GeoCAT.

We discovered a remarkably large gap in digitized information, with slightly more than 50% of the Andropogoneae lacking sufficient information for assessment. ConR and GeoCAT largely agree on which taxa are of least concern (>90%) or possibly threatened (<10%), highlighting that automating assessments with ConR is a viable strategy for preliminary conservation assessments of large plant groups. Results for crop wild relatives are similar to those for the entire dataset.

Increasing digitization and collection needs to be a high priority. Available rapid assessment tools can then be used to identify species that warrant more comprehensive investigation.
Carbon isotope values for grasses in Madagascar's Central Highlands establish baselines for historical and paleoecological research
Authors: Crowley Brooke E. , Schmidt Heidi H. , Vorontsova Maria S.
Published: January 2023

Societal Impact Statement

Grasses are significant drivers of fires and are the primary food source for cattle in Madagascar's Central Highlands. However, their extent and importance to animals and people in the past remain poorly understood. Clarifying the history of Malagasy grasslands is necessary for building climate resilient food systems and supporting carbon stores that also conserve biodiversity. We generated chemical data for grasses that grow in open habitats in central Madagascar, which will help improve our understanding of the ecological and economic importance of modern grassy ecosystems, reconstruct the regional history of grasses, and anticipate how vegetation may respond to changing climate and rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.

Stable carbon isotope (δ13C) data for Malagasy grasses are needed to establish expected values for C3 and C4 grasses from particular regions in Madagascar, and possible differences among different grass lineages, or species with different distributions or adaptations. These data, in turn, may help inform how widespread grasses were in the past, and the importance of grasses to endemic and domesticated animals as well as people over time.

We analysed both δ13C and weight %C:N from 63 Poaceae species that grow in open grassy biomes in Madagascar's Central Highlands and explored how these values relate to multiple variables, including encounter frequency, distribution, lineage, adaptations to grazing and fire and the typical floral assemblage in which each species occurs.

Of the species sampled, 56 are C4 and seven are C3. There are no differences in δ13C or weight %C:N among either C3 or C4 species with different distributions or adaptations, from different assemblages, or that are frequently or infrequently encountered. However, there are differences in both δ13C and weight %C:N among C4 lineages, and the single C3 arundinoid (Styppeiochloa hitchcockii) has larger weight %C:N than C3 Paniceae.

Our results provide a foundation for evaluating reliance on C4 resources by people, as well as domesticated and endemic animals both today and in the past. We encourage gathering additional comparative data for co‐occurring individual plants from the same open grassy biome localities, as well as other species, habitats and regions in Madagascar.
Pericardial rupture of mediastinal mature cystic teratoma: An unusual cause of pediatric acute chest pain
Authors: Tekinhatun Muhammed , Ufuk Furkan , Yılmaz Munevver , Gurses Dolunay , Kis Argun , Ozturk Gokhan
Published: January 2023

A previously healthy 12‐year‐old girl presented to the emergency department with severe chest pain and dyspnea that woke her from sleep. She had short‐term syncope just before the emergency admission. On physical examination, respiratory rate was 26 breaths per minute while resting, and blood pressure was 92/56 mmHg. Other physical examination findings were insignificant. She had no past medical history, and her family history was unremarkable. Laboratory test results showed elevated C‐reactive protein (27 mg/L; reference range: <5 mg/L) and white blood cell count (13.7 K/μL; reference range: 4–12 K/μL). Other laboratory test results were within normal limits, including troponin T value (3 ng/L; reference range: 3–14 ng/L). An electrocardiogram showed 1 mm ST‐segment elevation in bipolar (D1 and D2) limb leads, and augmented vector foot leads, and echocardiography revealed a complicated pericardial effusion and a suspicious mass adjacent to the left ventricle.
Transforming the nutrition care model for infants with cystic fibrosis: A qualitative study of clinicians' perspectives
Authors: Ong Thida , Bell Sarah , Britto Maria T. , Gamel Breck , McNamara Sharon , Ramsey Bonnie , Barton Krysta S.
Published: January 2023

Clinician perspectives may inform health service strategies to meet optimal nutrition needs for infants with cystic fibrosis (CF). We conducted a qualitative study with CF‐specialized dietitians (registered dietitians [RDs]) and physicians between July to December 2020 to characterize the current state of infant nutrition care delivery and organize input into a conceptual model to inform CF care program strategies. Among 42 participants, 36 completed survey responses and 6 completed interviews; 93% were RDs. Three global themes emerged in the current care model: nutrition management, family centered connections, and collaborative care delivery. Within nutrition management, clinicians emphasized providing education, setting goals, and maintaining adequate follow‐up with families. Under family centered connections, clinicians expressed the need to foster relationships with families and link families to resources for assistance to social stressors such as food insecurity. Collaborative care delivery for clinicians interviewed was defined by sharing expertise from across the interdisciplinary team. Based on the timing of this study, clinicians reported compelling examples for various modes of telehealth and home weight monitoring to facilitate and support these domains of nutrition care, including potential advantages for education, supporting family needs, and communication. We integrate these themes to propose a conceptual model to organize complementary in‐person and telehealth activities and enhance quality infant CF nutrition care delivery. Future implementation can refine this model through testing of practical telehealth interventions to optimize nutrition outcomes for infants with CF.
Clinical outcomes after salvage external beam radiotherapy combined with interstitial brachytherapy for locally advanced, recurrent endometrial cancer
Authors: Waheed Asmara , Banerjee Robyn , Meyer Tyler , Quirk Sarah , Doll Corinne , McGeachy Philip , Phan Tien , Roumeliotis Michael , Martell Kevin
Published: January 2023

Salvage external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by interstitial brachytherapy is commonly used to treat patients with vaginal recurrence of endometrial cancer. The evidence for this is typically limited to case series treating small volumes of disease. For the present study, 12 consecutive patients with locally advanced, biopsy‐proven vaginal recurrence after surgically treated endometrial cancer who received salvage EBRT (45 Gy in 25 daily fractions to microscopic disease and 55–57.5 Gy to gross nodal disease) with magnetic resonance‐guided interstitial brachytherapy (20–21 Gy in 3 fractions over 2 days) were retrospectively reviewed. The median tumor size of recurrent disease on magnetic resonance imaging was 5 (3–6) cm. Three (25%) tumors involved the bladder wall, three (25%) involved the urethra, and four (33%) extended to the pelvic sidewall. Four (25%) patients had gross nodal disease. On follow‐up, no (0%) patient developed local recurrence. One patient (8%) developed nodal recurrence outside of the radiotherapy treatment volume and then distant metastases, and one patient (8%) developed distant metastasis 2.5 years post‐treatment and subsequently died from the disease. No (0%) other deaths were reported. Zero patients (0%) developed grade ≥4 bowel or bladder toxicity. These data support EBRT with interstitial brachytherapy using modern techniques for locally advanced, vaginal recurrences of endometrial cancer.
Hormesis effects in tomato plant growth and photosynthesis due to acephate exposure based on physiology and transcriptomic analysis
Authors: Xu Nuo , Sun Yang , Wang Yuru , Cui Yidi , Jiang Yuanjin , Zhang Chao
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Hormesis is a common phenomenon in toxicology described as low‐dose stimulation due to a toxin which causes inhibition at a high dose. Pesticide hormesis in plants has attracted considerable research interest in recent years; however, the specific mechanism has not yet been clarified. Acephate is an organophosphorus insecticide that is used worldwide. Here, hormesis in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth and photosynthesis after acephate exposure is confirmed, as stimulation occurred at low stress levels, whereas inhibition occurred after exposure to high concentrations.

RESULTS

We found that low acephate concentration (5‐fold lower than recommended application dosage) could enhance chlorophyll biosynthesis and stimulate photosynthesis effects, and thus improve S. lycopersicum growth. A high level of acephate (5‐fold higher than recommended application dosage) stress inhibited chlorophyll accumulation, decreased photosystem II efficiency and blocked antioxidant reactions in leaves, increasing reactive oxygen species levels and damaging plant growth. Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR results revealed that the photosynthesis – antenna proteins pathway played a crucial role in the hormesis effect, and that LHCB7 as well as LHCP from the pathway were the most sensitive to acephate hormesis.

CONCLUSION

Our results showed that acephate could induce hormesis in tomato plant growth and photosynthesis, and that photosystem II and the photosynthesis – antenna proteins pathway played important roles in hormesis. These results provide novel insights into the scientific and safe application of chemical pesticides, and new guidance for investigation into utilizing pesticide hormesis in agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.