bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dyadic and triadic search: Benefits, costs, and predictors of group performance
Authors: Wahn Basil , Czeszumski Artur , Labusch Melanie , Kingstone Alan , König Peter
Published: February 2019

In daily life, humans often perform visual tasks, such as solving puzzles or searching for a friend in a crowd. Performing these visual searches jointly with a partner can be beneficial: The two task partners can devise effective division of labour strategies and thereby outperform individuals who search alone. To date, it is unknown whether these group benefits scale up to triads or whether the cost of coordinating with others offsets any potential benefit for group sizes above two. To address this question, we compare participants' performance in a visual search task that they perform either alone, in dyads, or in triads. When the search task is performed jointly, co-actors receive information about each other's gaze location. After controlling for speed-accuracy trade-offs, we found that triads searched faster than dyads, suggesting that group benefits do scale up to triads. Moreover, we found that the triads' divided the search space in accordance with the co-actors' individual search performances but searched less efficiently than dyads. We also present a statistical model to predict group benefits, which accounts for 70% of the variance. The model includes our experimental factors and a set of non-redundant predictors, quantifying the similarities in the individual performances, the collaboration between co-actors, and the estimated benefits that co-actors would attain without collaborating. Overall, the present study demonstrates that group benefits scale up to larger group sizes, but the additional gains are attenuated by the increased costs associated with devising effective division of labour strategies.
Predicting memory formation over multiple study episodes
Authors: Sievers Carolin , Renoult Louis
Published: February 2019

Repeated study typically improves episodic memory performance. Two different types of explanations of this phenomenon have been put forward: 1) reactivating the same representations strengthens and stabilizes memories, or, in contrast, 2) greater encoding variability - through changes in context - benefits memory by promoting richer traces and a larger variety of retrieval cues. The present experiment was designed to directly compare these predictions in a design with multiple repeated study episodes, allowing to dissociate memory for studied items and their context of study. Participants repeatedly encoded names of famous people four times, either in the same task (optimal encoding for a reactivation view), or in different tasks (optimal encoding for an encoding variability view). During the test phase, an old/new judgement task was used to assess item memory, followed by a source memory judgement about the encoding task. Consistent with predictions from the encoding variability view, encoding stimulus in different contexts resulted in higher item memory and lower rates of forgetting. In contrast, consistent with the reactivation view, source memory performance was higher when participants encoded stimuli in the same task repeatedly. Taken together, our findings indicate that encoding variability benefits episodic memory, by increasing the number of items that are recalled and by decreasing forgetting. These benefits are however at the expenses of source recollection and memory for details, which are decreased, likely due to interference and generalisation across contexts.
Analysis of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Triphala and its Effectiveness in Decontaminating the Guttapercha Cones
Authors: Rana Manu , Kumari Shiksha , Upadhyay Manoj Kumar
Published: February 2019

Background: -The prime target of endodontic treatment is to maintain an aseptic conditions starting right from the access opening to the obturationof root canals.Many chemicals such as, hydrogen peroxide, chlorhexidineetc have been tried for GP decontamination but none of these compounds have been proven as fully effective.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an ayurvedic alternative, Triphala for rapid decontamination of guttapercha cones.

Materials and Methods: A concentrated extract of triphala was used to check for the antimicrobial efficacy using the agar well diffusion method. Presence of zones’ of diffusion was identified against three common GP contaminants namely, E.coli, E.faecalis and Staph. aureus. New GP Cones, freshly taken out of the packet were then decontaminated for 1minute using triphalaand then placed in thioglycolate broth to check for the presence of turbidity.Results: The zones of inhibition on the agar plate were measured as 23mm, 21mm and 24mm respectively. The broth remained clear even after 48 hours of incubation.Conclusion: We conclude that triphala is indeed effective as a GP decontaminant and it holds promising future as a medium for storage of GP cones.

Keywords: decontamination; guttapercha cones; triphala.
Awareness on Prevention and First Aid Management of Burn Injury among Adolescents
Authors: Shrestha Sarita , Gurung Pramila
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Burn means more than the burning sensation associated with injury. Burns are characterized by severe skin damage that causes the affected skin cells to die. Burns are causes for mortality and morbidity worldwide among all age groups. An estimated 180 000 deaths every year are caused by burns – the vast majority occur in low- and middle-income countries.1 Non-fatal burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity. Burns occur mainly in the home and workplace. Burns are preventable. Burns are one of the most common household injuries, especially among children. Most people can recover from burns without serious health consequences, depending on the cause and degree of injury. More serious burns require immediate emergency medical care to prevent complications and death. The objective of the study was to find out the awareness on prevention and first aid management of burn injury among adolescents.
Materials and methods: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted, using self administered questionnaire. Data was collected from 101 students of class VIII and IX of Shree Prithvi Narayan Secondary School at Tarkeshwor ward no. 5, Kathmandu. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage and mean was used to analyze the data. Level of awareness was categorized as: <50%=Inadequate awareness, 50% - 75%= Moderate awareness and >75%= Adequate level of awareness.
Results: In this study, respondents were between 12-16 years of age with mean age 14.20 years. Among them 54.5% were female and 45.5% were male. Regarding level of burn injury prevention awareness 15.8% of the respondents had inadequate, 40.6% had moderate and 43.6% had adequate awareness. Likewise, 4.9% of the respondents had inadequate awareness, 71.3% had moderate awareness and 23.8% had adequate awareness on first aid management of burn injury.
Conclusion: The study concluded that respondents had adequate awareness on prevention of burn injury but moderate awareness on first aid management of burn injury. Therefore, awareness raising programme are to be conducted on school and need to keep in school curriculum with adequate content for effective knowledge on burn prevention and first aid management.
Key words: adolescents, awareness, burn injury, first aid management, prevention
Correlation between Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile in a Diabetic population of Central Nepal
Authors: Bansal Prerna , Upadhyay Hari Prasad
Published: February 2019

Background: Diabetes is an important public health problem as global prevalence of diabetes has nearly doubled reflecting an increase in risk factors like overweight or obesity and dyslipidemia. Both obesity and dyslipidemia share a common pathogenesis associated with “insulin resistance”. Thus the aim of this study is to find out correlation between BMI and lipid profile in type 2 diabetics. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 136 type 2 diabetes patients visiting the Diabetes Clinic of College of Medical Sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal during Jan-Dec 2017 and who went through lipid profile testing. The informations were taken from hospital records. To find the significant association between categorical variables chi-square test was used. P-value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. To find the association between continuous variables correlation was used. Results: Out of 136 diabetic patients 77.2% of patients were either overweight or obese. 92.6% of patients had dyslipidemia. Among which 58.1% had high TG levels, 56.6% had high LDL levels, 34.6% had high TC levels and 44.9% had low HDL levels. The overall mean ± SD of age was 54.54±12.03 years and of BMI was 28.54±4.57. Positive correlation was seen between BMI with LDL levels and negative correlation with HDL levels. The correlation with other lipid profile parameters were negative. These correlations were found to be statistically not significant. But statistically significant association was seen between gender with weight, total cholesterol and HDL levels. Conclusions: Obesity and dyslipidemia were highly prevalent. As BMI increases LDL levels increases and HDL levels decreases. Also increased weight and abnormal lipid levels of total cholesterol and HDL were found significantly higher among females than males.

Keywords: body mass index; lipid profile; type 2 diabetes; HDL; LDL.
Complete Rockall score in predicting outcomes in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Authors: Dewan Kush Raj , Patowary Bhanumati Saikia , Bhattarai Subash , Shrestha Gaurav
Published: February 2019

Background: Acute upper GI bleeding is a common medical emergency with a hospital mortality of approximately 10%. Higher mortality rate is associated with rebleeding. Complete Rockall scoring system identifies patients at higher risk of rebleed and mortality.

Methods: This is a descriptive hospital based study conducted in Gastroenterology unit of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal from January 2012 to December 2014. It included 200 patients at random presenting with manifestations of UGI bleed. Complete Rockall score was calculated in each patient and its correlation with mortality and rebleed was determined. Scores of >5 has been considered as one category as it comprises of patients with very high risks and scores of 0-4 as another category of low or lesser risks for the purpose of comparison of different risk factors.

Results: Males were predominant (71%). Age ranged from 14 to 90 years, mean being 50.43+17.75 years. At presentation 110 patients (55%) had both hematemesis and malena, 56 patients (28%) had only malena and 34 patients (17%) had only hematemesis. Shock was detected in 21%, severe anemia and high blood urea were found in 31% and 41% respectively. Median hospital stay was 6.5+3.10 days.  Comorbidities were present in 83.3%. Complete Rockall score ranged from 0 to 9, mean being 4.30+2.19. One hundred and thirteen (56.5%) had complete Rockall score <4 and 87 (43.5%) >5. Rebleeding was found in 16 (8%) patients. One hundred and eighty eight patients (94%) recovered and discharged from the hospital and 12 patients (6%) expired. The correlations between high Rockall scores (>5) and the occurrence of rebleeding  (p=0.001) and mortality (p=0.001) were statistically significant.

Conclusion: Acute Upper GI bleeding is a medical emergency. Predictors of mortality in this series were high complete Rockall score >5, esophageal varices with Child Pugh score C,  massive initial bleed as well as rebleed and multiple comorbidities.

Keywords:  acute upper gastrointestinal  bleed, complete Rockall score, comorbiditis, rebleed, mortality
Transformation of Paramedics Healthcare Practices into Policy and Public Health Advocacy in the era of Sustainable Development Goals in the Perspective of Nepal
Authors: Parajuli Surya B. , KC Heera , Mishra Anjali , Shrestha Menuka
Published: February 2019

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Job Satisfaction among Nursing Faculties of Chitwan District
Authors: Baral Rojina , Bhatta Rabina
Published: February 2019

Background: A healthier and harmonious working environment, ample of opportunity to grab in, considerable payable amount, a sound professional growth and many others are the major backbone for a satisfaction in the work. Nursing is a profession who has a long working hours, plenty of paper work, and a lot of pressure to make a naive practice in a real environment. Thus, this study focuses on job satisfaction among nursing faculties.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 62 nursing faculties involved in teaching graduate nursing students. All the nursing faculties who are involved in teaching graduate nursing students were included in the study. Sample were collected from all five nursing college of chitwan district regulating graduate nursing program. Census method was used to collect the data. Job satisfaction survey was used to collect the data. The data gathered was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software.

Result: Among total of 62 participants, more than three fourth 79% of the participants were ambivalent (neither satisfied nor dissatisfied) whereas, 21% were dissatisfied in their jobs. Also, age (p=0.003)/ among all the socio demographic variable, internet facility (p=0.044) and increment in grade system (p=0.004) among the variable regarding organizational climate was found to be statistically significant with the job satisfaction.

Conclusion: A healthier working environment with certain aspects for the personal and professional growth is vital to improve the job satisfaction thus empowering the nursing faculties for their best performances.

Keywords:  chitwan; nursing; satisfaction.
Durability studies on vibration-loaded electrical contact systems subjected to tribological stress
Authors: Schautzgy Johannes , Ivanov Yuriy , Kröger Benjamin , Wilde Jürgen
Published: February 2019

Electrical connectors for signal applications in the automotive sector are subjected to stringent requirements. These systems must ensure dependable signal transmission throughout the service life of a vehicle, even under high stress conditions. To this end, redundantly structured contact systems with several lamellas are often used. Stress due to vibrations during vehicle operation can lead to relative displacements between the electrical contact partners, especially in the resonant frequency range of the connector. Fretting corrosion then leads to increased electrical resistance at the connection and to failure of the system when a certain resistance threshold is exceeded. For studying the durability of electrical contacts, a fretting test bench was developed that allows the emulation of stress due to vibrations on a contact system with test frequencies of up to 300 Hz. The Wöhler model was used for describing the durability as a function of the relative motion. The test procedure and evaluation for determining the model parameters were based on the pearl string method. The test unit was qualified as electrically failed if the resistance exceeded the 15 mΩ threshold. The studies showed that the lifetime of the redundantly structured contact system can be described via an analytic approach based on the methodology for determining Wöhler curves. The distribution function was based on a logarithmic normal distribution. With the aid of scanning electron microscopic analyses in combination with element distribution images from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, it was possible to attribute electrical failure to the oxidation of the base material in the wear track.
Microstructure and fracture performance of 304 stainless steel laser repairs with Al2O3 nano-particles
Authors: Li Yinyin , Jiang Xianfeng , Fang Guanglei , Wang Cunshan , Yu Qun , Jiang Wei
Published: February 2019

Pre-cracked 304 stainless steel compact tension specimens were repaired by a CO2 laser at the crack tips with the addition of different weight fractions of nano-Al2O3. Crack opening displacements were measured by a digital image correlation system for the evaluation of fracture performance. Microstructures of the repaired areas were examined by scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Results indicated that laser repair with the addition of 1.0 wt.-% nano-Al2O3 resulted in metallurgical bonding at the interface and fine columnar crystal in the repair layer. The addition of nano-Al2O3 increases sites of heterogeneous nucleation, which acts as a fine-grain strengthener. In addition, the uniform distribution of nano-Al2O3 plays a role in dispersion strengthening, resulting in improved fracture performance by approximately 10 % to 30 % as applied loads varied from 1 to 20 kN. However, the excessive addition of nano-Al2O3 gives rise to the agglomeration and micro-cracks in the repair layers and clear detachment are observed at the interface.
Wet corrosion behavior of copper exposed to recycled groundnut oil as biofuel
Authors: Govindharajan Sangeetha , Raman Saratha , Viswapriya Shanmugam , Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Velu Kaliyannan Gobinath , Palaniappan Sathish Kumar
Published: February 2019

The scarcity of fossil fuels may lead to a depletion of coal, oil and natural gas in the near future. Alternative fuels, especially biofuels, are receiving considerable attention for their environmental benefits. Biodiesel is a renewable and clean burning fuel that is made from waste vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled restaurant grease for use in diesel vehicles. Biodiesel produces fewer toxic pollutants and greenhouse gases than petroleum diesel. Many biofuels have been extracted and synthesized but little has been undertaken to study their effects on corrosion. The present investigation aims to evaluate the wet corrosion behavior of copper in used groundnut oil (UGNO) as a biofuel. The varieties of its blending ratios with commercial diesel (5, 10 and 20 %) were studied in accord with the mass loss method for a period of 100 h. The corrosion rate of the metal was evaluated according to mass loss and electrochemical methods. The corrosivity and conductivity of the test media were positively correlated. Wettability studies also supported the non-corrosive nature of biodiesel.
Mechanical properties of waste mussel shell particles reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Koçhan Cemal
Published: February 2019

The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanical properties of a new bio-filler particle reinforced composite reinforced by recycled waste mussel shells. To this purpose, waste mussel shells were collected from a mussel trader and recycled in two stages: coarse processing using a hammer and fine processing by means of a rod mill. A size distribution analysis was conducted for the mussel shell particles after the recycling process. According to the results of the analysis, the particles were 74 μm in mean diameter with a 60 μm standard deviation. Vacuum assisted resin infusion molding, which is generally used to produce fiber reinforced composites, was used as the method of production. Subsequently, test specimens were prepared according to related standards and the mechanical properties of the composites such as micro-hardness, tensile strength, compression strength and flexural strength were investigated experimentally. Thetests were repeated five times for each mechanical property. It was determined from these experiments, that recycled mussel shell particle reinforced epoxy composites have a micro-hardness of approximately 170 HV, 24 MPa ultimate tensile strength, 112.8 MPa ultimate compression strength and 75 MPa flexural strength. Furthermore, flexural modules of the composites were calculated at 36.72 GPa. All experimental results are presented in graphs and tables. Finally, the results determined for these new bio-filler reinforced composites were compared with results pertaining to other alternative fillers available in the literature.
Effect of fiber length on the mechanical properties of banana fiber – vinyl ester composites
Authors: Guruswamy Umachitra , Muthusamy Senthil Kumar , Pavayee Subramani Sampath
Published: February 2019

In the present work, the mechanical properties of banana fiber – vinyl ester composite were investigated. The stacking of the layers was accomplished by hand-lay-up techniques and composites were produced by compression molding. The effect of the layering sequence on the mechanical properties, namely tensile, flexural and impact, was analyzed and is discussed in this paper. The natural fibers were extracted and processed locally. It was observed that the hardness of the samples was influenced by an increase in banana fiber content in the composite. Thus, banana fiber composite could be considered for applications in areas where high impact strength is a requirement such as in some automobile parts.
Influence of graphene coating on altering the heat transfer behavior of microprocessors
Authors: Thangamuthu Tamilarasi , Rathanasamy Rajasekar , Kulandaivel Saminathan , Palanisamy Gukan
Published: February 2019

The continual usage of computers produces excessive heat, which directly affects the processor. The main reason for computer failure is an increase in chip temperature which degrades the performance, reliability and the lifespan of a computer. In order to avoid these limitations, excessive heat should be transferred to the environment. This research article proposes to analyze heat transfer in microprocessors through graphene layer coating. Heat transfer in pure and graphene coated microprocessors, based on 0 %, 50 % and 75 % central processing unit (CPU) usage, has been investigated. Initially, graphene was mixed with ethanol and spin-coated on the surface of microprocessor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirms the deposition of a graphene layer on the substrate. Applying graphene to the surface of the substrate significantly improves heat transfer due to high thermal conductivity. A maximum of a 5.6 °C difference in heat transfer has been achieved by introducing a graphene layer on the substrate. This experimental analysis proves that graphene is a suitable material for electronic applications.
SOLUCIÓN DEL PROBLEMA DIRECTO DE INCLUSIONES EN
MEDIOS TURBIOS USANDO SIMULACIONES DE MONTE CARLO
IMPLEMENTADAS EN GPU
Authors: WAKS-SERRA MARIA VICTORIA , CARBONE NICOLÁS , GARCIA HECTOR , PARDINI PAMELA , DI ROCCO H. O. , IRIARTE D. I. , POMARICO J. A. , RANEA-SANDOVAL H. F.
Published: February 2019

The study of Infrared Light propagation in turbid media is of great interest because of its biomedical applications. This technique
can provide information about both, lesions location and composition. The final goal is to find the distribution of
inhomogeneities in tissues starting from a set of images obtained non - invasively. This is known as the inverse problem and it is
extremely complex, since Light diffusion in tissues eliminates the spatial information. Even though it exist some proposals to
solve the inverse problem, it is always necessary to compare results with known situations (direct problem). Additionally, apart
from some special case, theoretical models have not been developed yet. This work presents a new approach of Monte Carlo
calculations based in Graphics Processing Units (GPU), which are used in video games cards and which have been developed
and optimized for parallel processing. Since in MC simulations each photon is independent of all others launched, they can be
parallelized, and thus, using GPU’s can reduce calculation times in several orders of magnitude. In this way, it is possible to
generate many simulations with different optical parameters in a reasonable time and to compare them to experiments. The set of
parameters that best fit the experiments is thus the desired one. We present, as an example, the case of a plastic resin cylinder
immersed in a turbid medium with optical properties similar to biological tissue.
SINTONIZACIÓN DE RESONANCIAS ELECTROMAGNÉTICAS
EN NANO CILINDROS RECUBIERTOS: UN ESTUDIO PARAMÉTRICO
TUNING OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RESONANCES IN COATED
NANOCYLINDERS: A PARAMETRICAL STUDY
Authors: ABRAHAM EKEROTH R.M. , LESTER M.F.
Published: February 2019

In this paper a study on electromagnetic scattering of coated particles is showed and a rigorous formalism based
on the Extinction Theorem, for a 2D geometry, is implemented. Through this integral Method results for the
electromagnetic scattering of systems, which consist in two coaxial circular shaped cylinders are performed for
two fundamental modes of polarization: s and p mode. The particles are filled with homogeneous linear and
isotropic media, these being able to have magnetic properties in the whole classic electromagnetic range.
Particularly in nanoparticles, results of optical cross sections vs. wavelength of the illumination are showed. A
characterization of eigenmodes (plasmons when the particles have metal) is performed.
Zooplankton community structure of Volzhsko-Kamsky National Nature Reserve
Authors: Derevenskaya O.Y. , Unkovskaya E.N.
Published: February 2019

Long-term studies had been held on the lakes of the Volga-Kama State Natural Reserve (Russia). The aim of our research was to study the biodiversity of planktonic rotifers and crustaceans, zooplankton community structure characteristics and also water quality assessment with bioindication methods. 137 species of zooplankton were identified in our research. In all lakes rotifers were presented by highest number of species. The lowest number ofspecies was found for copepods. In general, the species composition of zooplankton is typical for eutrophic lakes of Middle Volga region. The species most commonly found in lakes are indicators of eutrophic waters. We also analyzed and compared the structure of zooplankton communities and taxonomic composition in different types of nature reserve lakes. It was shown that changing the relationship between taxonomic groups of zooplankton and increase of rotifers in the community is also a sign of eutrophication. According to the abundance rotifers dominated in most lakes. Drastic changes in quantitative indicators of zooplankton during the growing season, due to an increase in the abundance of one of the species were typical of eutrophic lakes of the reserve. Studies have shown that in meso-eutrophic and eutrophic lakes the indicators that reflect the structure of the zooplankton community are the most informative for the assessment of the water quality. Lakes Raifskoe and Ilinskoe were the least polluted, and characterized by the structure of communities of mesotrophic type. The rest of the lakes are more prone to eutrophication processes and community structure of zooplankton corresponds to eutrophic lakes type.
Epiphyton structure peculiarities in the regions of Lake Pskovsko-Chudskoe with various degree of anthropogenic pollution
Authors: Kolchenko M.V.
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the results of studies on the structural characteristics of epiphyton communities in Lake Pskovsko-Chudskoe (Lake Peipsi), carried out in July 2013 on 13 stations (Russian part). The purpose of the study was to identify changes in the epiphyton community caused by various degrees of anthropogenic pollution in different areas of the lake. In general, the level of pollution of Lake Pskovsko-Chudskoe is largely determined by the processes occurring in its catchment area and, above all, pollution of its basin. The main sources of pollution (insufficiently treated waste water) are located at the mouths of the Velikaya River and the Gdovka River. In total 279 taxa of algae with rank below genus were identified within epiphyton. The basis of systematic list was made up of three divisions: Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta and Cyanoprokaryota. Number of taxa in the studied stations varied from 46 to 111. The structure of the biomass at all stations was presented by Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta. Values of attached algae total biomass ranged widely: from 0.5 to 6.8 g/m2. The Shannon diversity index values at most stations were high indicating considerable diversity of epiphyton communities. Index declined sharply in areas with highest level of pollution. Values of saprobic index were within β-mesosaprobic zone range, which corresponds to class III water quality (moderately polluted). At the stations with highest anthropogenic pollution the saprobic index value corresponded to α-mesosaprobic area of self-purification, class IV water quality (polluted). Comparative analysis of structural characteristics of epiphyton communities at “polluted” and “relatively clean” stations has shown that taxonomic diversity may both increase and decrease with the raise of anthropogenic pollution level. The abundance and biomass of epiphyton at “polluted” stations were significantly higher due to development of filamentous green algae and cyanoprokaryotes. Among the dominant species observed were species-indicators of high pollution. Their presence leads to an increase in saprobic index values that indicate the occurrence of α-mesosaprobic conditions.
Long-term changes of phytoplankton in the lake, not affected by anthropogenic impact (Lake Krivoe, North Karelia)
Authors: Nikulina V.N.
Published: February 2019

First studies of the lake ecosystem were performed in 1968–1969 in framework of the International Biological Program, as on a model lake for the observations on the natural dynamic processes. Further work had continued in 1972 and annually from 2002 to 2014. During all study period Cyanobacteria and Chrysophyta have been permanent representatives in phytoplankton. Cyanobacteria were mostly represented by small-cell species from Chroococcales, so their share in the total biomass was low, despite the high abundance. Algae from genera Dinobryon and Uroglena, had dominated in Spring and remained in the plankton during entire season. A distinctive feature of the lake plankton was a low development of diatoms (less than 10% in abundance and biomass) and the absence of the spring outbreak of diatoms in both: under ice and in open water. Cryptomonads (Cryptopyta), which also had been represented throughout of season, became practically new, fairly widespread group in lake phytoplankton. Detailed studies carried out in 2002–2014, have shown that the spring maximum of phytoplankton rarely exceeded the summer one and reached in average 0.46 mg/L. The percentage of each size class of algae in the total biomass of the plankton was determined. Algae with size to 40 microns, which are the most consumed ones by filter feeding zooplankton, constituted a significant share in the Spring time. However the most favorable trophic conditions for zooplankton were during the summer. The development of single-celled Cryptomonad, which reached about 30% of the total biomass, has increased the trophic importance of phytoplankton. Species composition and abundance of phytoplankton in the lake may indicate a conservation of the lake as a clean oligotrophic reservoir.
Hydro-chemical basis of biological productivity in the closing reservoirs of the Volga cascade
Authors: Shashulovskaya E.A. , Mosiyash S.A. , Filimonova I.G. , Grishina L.V. , Cousina E.G.
Published: February 2019

Long-term dynamics of organic matter and nutrients in the closing-reservoirs of the Volga cascade in the period 2004–2014 were studied. This period was characterized by changes in climatic conditions: reduce of rainfall, increase of summer temperatures, the negative trend in water discharge of the Volga River with the pattern of decline in indicators of water availability and floods. Organic matter and nutrients can be considered as the basic characteristics of the state of the aquatic ecosystems that determine the productivity and patterns of development. Organic matter (OM) in water of the Saratov and Volgograd reservoirs was evaluated with permanganate (PO) and dichromate (COD) oxidation, BOD5. Concentrations of three forms of mineral nitrogen, mineral phosphorus, dissolved iron and silicon were analyzed. During the study period negative trends of the allochthonous organic matter, easy oxidized organic matter and major nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) were recorded. It was shown that a long-term decline in water runoff was the possible reason of changes in quantitative values of these hydrochemical components in the studied reservoirs. Correlation between water runoff, permanganate oxidation and nitrogen concentration indicates a role of terrigenous sources in the balance of nitrogen mineral forms. Average seasonal fluctuations of the total OM concentration, maintaining synchronicity, in the Volgograd reservoir occur at a higher level than in Saratov reservoir. We have not find changes in total OM concentrations during our study period. In the Volgograd reservoir, flow velocity deceleration and more intense heating of the water mass provide higher potential of biological production. The values of autochthonous organic matter content in the Volgograd reservoir confirm this assumption.
Theoretical bases for academics’ research competence development under the conditions of higher education and science integration
Authors: Yaroshenko O.
Published: February 2019

The academics’ research activity is predetermined in the Law of Ukraine «On Higher Education». Research activity possesses purpose, object, subject, motives, activity of the subject, means, result of activity described in the article. It was emphasized that results of research activities include academic’s scientific discoveries, masters’ and dissertation papers defended under his supervision, and the effectiveness in organization of educational and initiative research activities for students.

Research competence is the personal quality that provides academic with knowledge and comprehension in research activities, ways of presenting scientific results and their use in the educational process. The basis for research competence is the cognitive, activity, value, communicative components

While developing academic’s research competence there are following stages: initial, formation, productive functioning. After each stage there may be stagnation period (fading research activity). The main principles for academics’ research activity competence development, namely functional unity, continuity, variability, voluntariness, openness, transnationality are defined and revealed.

The indicators for academics’ research competence components development are offered: completeness of knowledge, forming the core of cognitive component; the level of formation of abilities necessary for conducting scientific research, processing, proving reliability, designing and presentation of its results, establishing communication links; the attitude to research activity as a motivator for the performance of professional duties and important factor for ensuring the quality of higher education; the ability to apply the results of scientific research in the educational process and organization and management of research activities of applicants for higher education. The highest level of academic’s research competence development is the foundation of scientific school.
The responsibility of the state for the quality of higher education in the context of its reforming: the basic principles
Authors: Sych O.
Published: February 2019

The article deals with the content of the state responsibility for the quality of higher education in the context of reforming the system of higher education in Ukraine. It is noted that the responsibility for the quality of higher education is distributed among different subjects in accordance with the specified power and authority. In the context of the implementation of the Law of Ukraine "On Higher Education" (2014), with an increase in the level of autonomy of institutions of higher education, the volume of their responsibility for the quality of higher education is growing. The author's position on the discussion between experts according to the definition "quality of higher education" is highlighted. The provisions defined by both key national documents and documents of the European Higher Education Area acknowledged the responsibility of the state for the quality of higher education. The value platform of this responsibility is established. The functions of the state and the tools of public administration that are capable of ensuring the implementation of state policy in the field of higher education are described.
Scientific and technical results of IX-th International congress of blast furnace men “Metallurgy of hot metal. Perspectives of development till the year of 2025”.
Authors: Tretyak A. A.
Published: February 2019

From September 25 through September 27, 2018, the IX-th International congress of blast furnace men took place in Nizhny Tagil at the base of JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” named “Metallurgy of hot metal. Perspectives of development till the year of 2025”. It was organized by International Union of blast furnace men, “MetProm” Group and JSC “EVRAZ NTMK”. Heads and specialists of metallurgical, coke-making and chemical and machine-building plants, representatives of designing organizations, R&D institutes from Russia, CIS and foreign countries – all together 180 participants. At the congress, the specialists could receive information on modern developments, to exchange by opinions and experience. More than 60 reports were presented, which will be included in the digest of proceedings of the IX-th International congress of blast furnace men. Reports of foreign companies like “Danieli Corus”, “Paul Wurth”, “Primetals Technologies” and “GEA Russia” attracted a big interest. A particular interest was paid at the congress to estimation of status of coke and sinter production, as well as BF production under the current economic conditions, to determination of main ways of the industry development. Leading specialists discussed the ways of BF existing technologies perfection, methods of pig iron production alternative technologies implementation, perfection of means of control, implementation of information technologies, environmentally clean and resources saving technologies, aimed at increasing of products quality and production efficiency. At the forum, results of innovation projects implementation at the biggest steel-works were considered. During the last day of the congress work, the participants visited the JSC “EVRAZ NTMK” blast furnace No. 7, which has a volume of 2200 m3 and designing productivity – 2.5 mt/year of hot metal.
Adaptive Traffic Management System Using IoT and Machine Learning
Authors: Yadav Aditi , More Vaishali , Shinde Neha , Nerurkar Manjiri , Sakhare Nitin
Published: February 2019

India is a developing country. Increase in personal vehicles comes with the development of a country parallely. This has led to rise in congestion in large cities. So, we need a better traffic management system. The purpose of this project is to create a traffic system which is adaptive to the present traffic scenario in a lane. Usually, we have fixed average waiting time for all lanes. This project suggests to change the average waiting time by monitoring the number of vehicles in a lane. The data will be sent to central system through internet, which will decide the timing for signal according to the dumped program. This project also, suggests implementing congestion lights at previous intersections, so that drivers can change lanes at the situation of congestion. The system is useful in emergencies and it also, helps in reducing pollution and traffic congestion.
Problematic issues of vocational guidance and professional selection of candidates for service in the agencies of the National Police of Ukraine
Authors: Miloradova N. E.
Published: February 2019

The author of the article has presented the results of the analysis of national approaches to the implementation of vocational guidance work among young people for the selection of police specialties. On this basis the author has singled out problematic issues in each of the vocational guidance areas (professional information, professional counseling, professional selection and professional adaptation).

A number of general problems of vocational guidance among young people has been considered. The author has emphasized the general and special shortcomings in the organization and conduction of vocational guidance in regard to professional choice in general and professions related to the service in the units of the National Police of Ukraine, in particular. The general shortcomings include both the peculiarities of the organization of vocational guidance (lack of a unified system of vocational guidance work, insufficient level of interaction between the participants in the process of vocational guidance, lack of an individual, differentiated and phased approach to each individual while implementing professional choice, etc.) and its content component (low level of awareness of children, parents and teachers regarding the existing social professional inquiry; improper attention to the motivational component of the profession selection, etc.). The special shortcomings include the following: lack of awareness among young people about the peculiarities of different specialties (an investigator, an employee of operational units, a district police officer, etc.); lack of opportunity to try themselves in different types of law enforcement activities within the framework of interaction, for example, between district police station, educational institution, school and parents; insufficient use of media opportunities to adequately cover various aspects of police activities.

The author has emphasized the necessity of creating an effective strategy of vocational guidance and qualitative selection procedure, referral and enrollment of young people to higher educational institutions with specific learning conditions.
Topical issues of improving Ukrainian legislation regulating the prevention and counteraction to smuggling and certain legal elements of customs rules’ violation
Authors: Komziuk V. T. , Komziuk A. A.
Published: February 2019

The authors of the article analyze the measures for preventing and counteracting smuggling defined in the Customs Code of Ukraine and other acts of customs legislation, the imperfection of the normative consolidation of such measures in the Customs Code and the problematic issues of their implementation. The most important measures aimed at counteracting smuggling were suggested, which were defined by normative acts of the Cabinet of Ministers and the President of Ukraine, and were offered to strengthen them in legislation, in Section 17 of the Customs Code, which determined (though depleted) measures to prevent and counteract to smuggling. In particular, the expediency of introducing amendments to the Art. 456 of the Customs Code of Ukraine is substantiated, which would generally define the procedure for the controlled delivery of drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors, which should be detailed in the relevant normative act that should be promptly adopted by the competent authorities. It is also suggested to amend the Art. 456 of the Customs Code of Ukraine, which does not correctly define the objects of smuggling, which are subject to prevention and counteraction with regard to their illegal trafficking across the customs border of Ukraine.

There are also certain deficiencies in the normative definition of some legal elements of customs rules’ violation enshrined in the Customs Code, in particular concerning exceeding the term of temporary import or temporary export of goods. It is also offered to amend the Art. 481 of the Customs Code of Ukraine, recognizing commercial vehicles as the objects of the offenses.

The proposed amendments resulting from the study are to improve the current legislation that regulates the prevention and counteraction of smuggling, the specific element of customs rules’ violation, will enhance the effectiveness of the fight against smuggling and violations of customs rules in general.
Legal provision of financing the health care sphere in Ukraine
Authors: Knysh S. V.
Published: February 2019

The author of the article has studied the main disadvantages of legal provision of health care financing in Ukraine and the ways of their elimination.

The legal principles of medical reform and the basic principle about the autonomy of medical institutions – “a patient-money” have been analyzed. It has been stressed that the subjects of public law in the person of state and municipal health care institutions according to the Constitution of Ukraine are obliged to provide free medical care, however, with the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On State Financial Guarantees of Medical Care of the Population”, a partial payment for medical services has been established.

The author has offered to provide additional guarantees for disadvantaged population by developing and financing social programs for the availability of medical care.

The cases of the access to information about a patient without his consent have been considered. New theoretical conclusions, generalizations and suggestions have been formulated, in particular, the author has offered the definition of the concept of “direct threat to life” in the context of regulatory acts regulating financing of health care in Ukraine. It has been stressed that a direct threat to life is the emergence of conditions under which there is a risk of death of a patient without the provision of medical care.

It has been clarified that the main disadvantages of legal provision of health care financing in Ukraine include: non-compliance of certain provisions of the mentioned Law with the provisions of the Constitution of Ukraine; the risk of arrangements between family doctors and doctors in different areas in regard of sending patients for further treatment; the lack of security guarantees of personal data of patients in the electronic health care system; the risk of reducing the number of medical institutions in Ukraine.

It has been concluded that the reform of the health care system necessitates amendments to the Art. 49 of the Constitution of Ukraine and adoption of the Concept of Financing and Development of the Health Care System, which would involve the introduction of a mixed model of financing health care field.

The perspective direction of further research the author believes that scientific development of propositions on improving liability for offenses in the sphere of health care financing in Ukraine.
Khutbah Thariq bin Ziyad (Kajian Stilistika Arab)
Authors: Thoyyibah Anisatu
Published: February 2019

Khutbah or khitabah is a form of prose literary that has its own characteristics in that it is presented. Even with the Khutbah carried by Thariq Ibn Ziyad too, which was said to give an influence on its audience, in this case is his soldiers. Through stylistics point of view, the writer studies Khutbah of Tariq Ibn Ziyad according to al-aswat (phonology), ikhtiyar al-lafz (Word preferences), and al-inhiraf (deviation) aspects. Based on this analysis it is found that there are elements of phonology, word's preferences, and deviations that relate to the events that occurred as said in the khutbah. Because of in fact that a work of literature cannot be separated from the historical frame of reference where the literary work is presented. Khutbah of Thariq Ibn Ziyad when it is seen from the stylistics indicate that this khutbah  appears to provide stimulus, spirit, influence as well as reassuring to the soldiers who want to fight to the dhalim King, Roderick while expanding to a number of areas. This is proved by damir, harf, and mufradat used in the preaching that is very relevant to the conditions in those situations.