bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
خصوصية المسؤولية المدنية الناتجة عن اضرار تقنيات النظم الذكية
Authors: لفته هدى سعدون
Published: June 2024

نتيجة للتطور الهائل في العصر الحالي نتج عنه ابتكار الات تعمل بالذكاء الاصطناعي) تستطيع أن تتصرف من تلقاء نفسها لتنجز ما صممت لأجله لغرض مساعدة الانسان في أعماله . وقد قابل هذا التطور قصور القواعد العامة للمسؤولية المدنية في نظرية الالتزام ، هذا ما دفع رجال القانون إلى المسارعة للبحث في نظريات المسؤولية المدنية ومحاولة إيجاد حلول لجبر الضرر الذي يحدثه ونظرا لطبيعة هذه الأنظمة وخصائصها الفريدة وجدت عدة عقبات في ملائمة نظريات المسؤولية المدنية للنظم الخوارزمية فهل تستطيع القواعد التقليدية المنصوص عليها في القانون المدني العراقي عن إيجاد حلول قانونية لمواجهة الاضرار التي تترتب عن اضرار مشغلات الذكاء الاصطناعي (الروبوتات) ، فقد أدى ازدهار بعض القطاعات التي تستخدم الذكاء الاصطناعي في نشاطها إلى زيادة الطلب على أنظمته فاكتسحت كل مجالات الحياة كالتعليم الطب التجارة، الزراعة الأمن الرياضة والترفيه وغيرها. وإن كانت قضايا الأنظمة الذكية غير مطروحة أمام القضاء العراقي، إلا أن كل المعطيات تمهد لاستحداث نوع جديد من القضايا لاسيما تلك المتعلقة بالأضرار الناجمة عن الذكاء الاصطناعي التي قد تصل إلى حد الجريمة.
المسؤولية المدنية عن خطأ الصيدلاني
Authors: عرط عروبة شافي
Published: June 2024

الدواء من أهم المنتجات التي لا غنى للأفراد عنها في أي مجتمع وفي أي عصر، ولا مبالغة في القول بأنه من أكثر المنتجات التي تمثل خطورة على صحة الإنسان نظرا لما يحدثه من آثار ضارة قد تصل إلى الموت إذا لم تراع ضوابط تصنيعه وتداوله ، ومن هنا حرصت التشريعات على وضع الضوابط الكفيلة بالحفاظ على الصحة العامة للأفراد، والدواء كمنتج له خصوصية تميزه عن سائر المنتجات التي يحتاج إليها الأفراد، إذ تظهر هذه الخصوصية في أهميته وخطورته في آن واحد، الأمر الذي يدفع بالقائمين على التشريع في مختلف الدول نحو إقرار نظام قانوني متشدد تجاه كافة الأشخاص المتعاملين فيه ، سواء كانوا منتجين أم موزعين أم مجهزين.
المسؤولية المدنية عن غش الدواء
Authors: عرط عروبة شافي
Published: June 2024

هناك ارتباط الوثيق بين  الغش بالأدوية والمساس المباشر بحياة الأفراد ، وتعرضها للخطر ، تلك الحياة المقدسة التي كفلتها الشريعة الاسلامية واعتبرت حفظ النفس من الضرورات المهمة ،كما نصت معظم دساتير العالم على حق الانسان في الحياة بنصوص صريحة ، ولاشك ان هذه المشكلة  باتت من أبرز الظواهر الخطيرة التي يتعرض لها الأشخاص الذين يكونوا بأمس الحاجة للحصول على الدواء ، ففي الوقت الذي يستطيع الإنسان أن يستغني عن آلاف المنتجات الاستهلاكية ، نجده عاجزا عن الاستغناء عن دواء واحد يجد فيه علاجه من مرض ألمّ به ويخفف عنه ما يعانيه من آلام ، واذا بهذا الدواء ينقلب وبالاً عليه ، فأصبح الناس غير آمنين على حياتهم، إذ يأتيهم الموت من حيث يرجون الشفاء .
Women's Political Empowerment in Iraq After 2003
Authors: Hamzah Asaad Ghali
Published: June 2024

The degree of human development in any society is measured by the extent to which women participate in political life, and  Iraqi women, together with many third-world countries, have suffered a real crisis concerning women's participation in the country's political life, and many factors have been played in reducing the share and size of women's participation in political life, including the growing role of the military in political life and the militarization of society during the eight-year war and subsequent events that led to the women's dissociation and reduction of their role. The role was only after women were granted no-election women share in Iraq's new constitution after 2003. Women's political participation is not only about obtaining their political rights but also about their political rights in the legitimacy of freely expressing their ideas within the framework of the institutions and groups of society and participating in political decision-making and practice.  Therefore, women's political skills must be expanded by improving educational opportunities, leadership courses, and exchange programs, and removing institutional and legal barriers limiting Iraqi women's political participation.
غسل الأموال في ضَوء تعميم الجهات الرّقابيّة حيال التَّعاملات المُتعلِّقة بالأصول الافتراضيَّة
Authors: العنزي نورة عبدالله مرشد
Published: June 2024

في ظلِّ الزَّخمِ العالميّ باستخدام التكنولوجيا الحديثة -والّتي تخلَّلت جميع مجالات الحياة بما فيها الاستثمار في تداول العملة- نجحت العملات الرّقميّة في فرض نفسها على السّوق العالميّ، وأسهمَ التّحوُّلُ الرَّقميّ وكثير من الظّروف والأوبئة بزيادة الطَّلبِ عليها؛ فارتفعت أسعارها رغم غياب جهاز مركزي ينظمها.   ولعدمِ فعالية الرقابة لأسواقها أصبحت وسيلةً لارتكابِ الجرائمِ الماليَّةِ، وغطاءً لما يُتَحصَّل منها؛ فاستوجب البحثَ بموضوعها وتصوّرات تكييفها وفقًا للقانون الكويتيّ تزامنًا مع التّعميم الصّادر من الجهات الرّقابيّة الخاضعة لقانون غسل الأموال  رقم 10٦ لسنة 2013م، والمستند على وصايا مجموعة العمل الماليّ FATF  كتدبير لمكافحة جريمة غسل الأموال، وذلك بمعالجة ما ورد بالتّعميم.
الطبيعة والاختصاص للمحكمة الجنائيَّة الدوليَّة الدائمة ودورها المرتقب
Authors: عباس علي ثعبان
Published: June 2024

كان هناك عمل واجتهاد  كبيرين ادت إلى إنشاء جهاز يعمل بمنزلة جهاز قضائي دولي يحقق العدالة الجنائية ويلاحق مرتكبي الجرائم ذات الطابع الدولي الخطيرة التي ارعبت المجتمع الدولي وتطاولت على أحكام القانون الدولي الإنساني وحقوق الإنسان ولدت فكرة المحكمة الجنائية الدولية الدائمة , إضافة الى إنَّ من أهم ما يميز القانون الجنائي الدولي أنَّه اقتصر على جرائم دون أخرى، في حين هناك جرائم أثرت من الناحية التاريخية والأثر الحاضر والمستقبلي , ما يستوجب أفراد فصول خاصة بها ضمن القانون الجنائي الدولي (المخدِّرات، والاتِّجار بالبشر، والقرصنة، وغيرها). ان من أهمِّ الأسباب الدافعة لتأسيس المحكمة الجنائية الدولية الدائمة  هو صعوبة تحقيق مبادئ وأهداف العدالة الجنائية في المحاكم الجنائية السابقة الخاصة والمؤقتة، كالمحاكم المنشئة لمعاقبة قادة الحرب العالمية الثانية عما اقترفوه من جرائم وانتهاكات يندى لها الجبين أثناء الحرب والعمليات العدائية، وهما محكمتا نورمبرغ وطوكيو، والمحاكم الجنائية الخاصَّة لإقليم يوغسلافيا السابقة ورواندا واللتين شُكِّلَتا بموجب قرارات من مجلس الأمن ولتحقيق أهدافه ومقاصده في تحقيق الأمن والسلم الدوليين.
المعوقات التي تواجهها المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة
Authors: النعيمي سحر رشيد , ابراهيم فرح طارق
Published: June 2024

تهدف هذه الدرسة الى ان المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة اصبحت محل تركيز جهود حكومات الدول النامية والمتقدمة بسبب الدور الذي تلعبه في زيادة الانتاج ، وتوفير فرص العمل ، اضافة الى المشاركة في زيادة النمو الاقتصادي لهذه الدول . كما بينت الدراسة بان المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة تواجه عقبة في درجة تطور الأسواق والعقبات النظامية وعقبات التمويل وعقبات خارجية أساسية للنمو، ومشكلات التقاعد الضمان الاجتماعي، وقلـة الوضوح في السياســات الحكوميــة لدعم هذه المشاريع. وجعل حصر المبادرات التي تُعنى بتمويل المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة بأعداد معينة من المصارف بشكل محدود ، وعدم رصد الأموال الكافية، وصعوبة إخضاع الجهات المستفيدة من هذه الأموال نتيجة للعقبات التنظيمية من قدرة النظام المصرفي على المساهمة في قطاع المشاريع الصغيرة والمتوسطة . وبالتالي أدَّى إهمال هذه المشروعات إلى انحسار دورها في عملية التنمية والتطور واعتمادها على المتاح من مستلزمات إنتاج محلية، لافتقارها الى القوانين الكفيلة بحمايتها والرادعة لمخالفتها .
الاحتيال التجاري الإلكتروني وأثره على سوق التجارة الإلكترونية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة
Authors: القضاة منذر عبد الكريم , العطين سلطان
Published: June 2024

تبحث هذه الدارسة في : " الاحتيال التجاري الإلكتروني وأثره على سوق التجارة الإلكترونية في دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة " .  أسهمت القوانين والأنظمة في  دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة في متابعة شؤون الجرائم الإلكترونية ، والحد من وسائل الاحتيال الإلكتروني التجاري ، وساهمت المؤسسات الرسمية والهيئات الخاصة بمكافحة الجرائم الإلكترونية في هذه المجتمعات  من خلال معالجة الكثير من المشكلات الاجتماعية والاقتصادية التي تُعاني منها في المجتمع نتيجة تزايد خطر الجرائم الإلكترونية على الأفراد والشركات والجماعات . من خلال الاعتماد على التقنيات المتقدمة في عالم الاتصالات والمعلوماتية في إبرام الصفقات في أسواق التجارة الإلكترونية بشكل سري وآمن. تتجه هذه الدراسة إلى بيان الأدوار المتعلقة بجرائم الاحتيال التجارية، الإلكترونية  وتأثيرها على سوق التجارة الإلكترونية في دولة الإمارات حيث يكتسب موضوع  هذه الدراسة  أهمية متزايدة  حالياً ؛ بسبب سوء استغلال وسائل الاتصالات الحديثة كالفاكس والإنترنت وسائر صور الاتصال الالكتروني عبر الأقمار الصناعية التي استغلها مرتكبو هذه الجرائم ؛ لتسهيل ارتكابهم لجرائمهم بحق الأفراد والجماعات. وقد انتهت  هذه الدراسة بخاتمة التي بينت النتائج والتوصيات التي خلصت إليها.
الشبهات المثارة حول علامات الساعة : دراسة عقدية نقدية
Authors: علي شهد حسين
Published: June 2024

يتناول هذا البحث الشبهات المثارة حول علامات الساعة من منظور عقائدي نقدي، ويسعى البحث إلى تحليل وفحص الادعاءات والشبهات التي أثيرت حول علامات الساعة في الإسلام، مع التركيز على كيفية الرد عليها باستخدام الأدلة الشرعية والعقلية، واعتمد البحث على منهجية تحليلية نقدية، تم فيها استعراض الأدبيات السابقة المتعلقة بعلامات الساعة والشبهات المثارة حولها، بالإضافة إلى الاستعانة بالنصوص الدينية من القرآن الكريم والأحاديث النبوية، وتحليلها في ضوء التفسير الإسلامي المعتمد، وقد خلص البحث إلى أن الشبهات المثارة حول علامات الساعة يمكن الرد عليها بشكل مقنع من خلال الرجوع إلى النصوص الشرعية وفهمها في إطارها الصحيح. كما أكد على أهمية التوعية الصحيحة للمسلمين حول هذه العلامات وتجنب التفسيرات الخاطئة أو المتطرفة.
الحضور الصيني في الشرق الأوسط وأثره على الوجود الأمريكي
Authors: نايف سيف , إبراهيم دعاء ضياء
Published: June 2024

نظراً للموقع الاستراتيجي الهام الذي تحتله منطقة الشرق الاوسط, حيث يعتبر منطقة عبور دولية هامه وشريان حيوي للتجارة العالمية اضافة إلى أنه يضم اكبر ثروة نفطية في العالم, وكل هذه العوامل مجتمعه جعلت من منطقة الشرق الاوسط مجالاً استراتيجياً للقوى الصناعية كالصين والولايات المتحدة الامريكية, حيث يشكل قاعدة اساسية في سياستها, بالتالي اصبحت هذه المنطقة نطاقاً جغرافياً وسياسياً واقتصادياً للتنافس على كافة المستويات, وبذلك فان هذه الدراسة سلطت الضوء على الحضور الصيني في الشرق الاوسط ومدى تأثيره على الولايات المتحدة الامريكية, ومن ثم انعكاس هذا التنافس على المنطقة.
تأصيل القواعد الأصولية المختلف فيها في الألفاظ من حيث الوضع عند الحنفية والشافعية
Authors: محسن أحمد حسن
Published: June 2024

إنَّ القواعد الأصولية من حيث العموم تنقسم إلى: المختلف فيها، وهي موضوع البحث هذه، ومتفق عليها. إنَّ الخلاف بين الحنفية والشافعية في تأصيلهم للقواعد أثبت في العموم أنَّ الحنفية في جانب، والشافعية والجمهور في جانب آخر، إذ هم يعرفون بالمتكلمين، إلاّ أنَّ بعض الآراء قد شذّت عن هذه القاعدة فقد وافق قسم من الشافعية الحنفية. اعتمد الحنفية والشافعية في تأصيل قواعدهم على جانب كبير من اللغة، ولكنهم اختلفوا في مستندهم هذا وفقًا لاجتهادهم اللغوي. أعمل الحنفية العقل والرأي في دائرة النص، ولم يجردوهما عنه، فهم لم يأخذوا القاعدة الأصولية عن هوى من أنفسهم، بل صاغوها وفق حيثيات النص القرآني وما يتصل به من صياغات لغوية وشرعية، أي: لهما مستند قرآني في نص آخر.
Optimism and Pessimism in Voltaire's Novel "Candide": A Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Alwan Zainab Hussein
Published: June 2024

Shining light where it is dark, optimism is a matter of choice. It spreads its shadows from one time to another. This paper deals with Voltaire's depiction of optimism and pessimism linguistically. It attempts to answer the following questions: 1) what are the linguistic devices used to express optimism and pessimism in the world of "Candide". 2) Do characters of "Candide" have optimistic or pessimistic orientations 3) Is there a contact between these two concepts? It is hypothesized that there are certain linguistic devices used to denote optimism and pessimism in the data under investigation. It is expected that most characters of "Candide" have optimistic orientations. It is also anticipated that there is a positive correlation between optimism and pessimism in Voltaire's Novel "Candide".
Persuasion in Social Speeches
Authors: Mayuuf Hussain Hameed , Hussain Sally
Published: June 2024

The study of the political speeches has drawn the attention of scholars since its revelation up to the present day. Many scholars have attempted to study specific features of it. One of these features that has been at the core of interest is persuasion. This research was aimed to elaborate on the concept of persuasion in the political speeches and to find out the persuasive strategies used in the speeches of queen Rania (queen of the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan) The study has confined itself to three main objectives. These are discussing the concept of persuasion as manifested in the political speeches, Identifying the persuasive strategies used, and naming the most common and the least common ones. By using a model based on persuasive communication theory and other related concepts, researcher analyzed the data using quantitative-qualitative research method. The analysis started with a comprehensive reading of queen Rania speech and then identifying the tokens of persuasive strategies. The results were put in numerical form and discussed both quantitively and qualitatively. The study findings show that persuasion is one of the basic concepts in the political speeches due to the nature of this text which aimed at persuading people to follow the righteous course of action and belief. It is also found that all the persuasive strategies included in the model appeared in the text under study. Finally, the study revealed that metaphor is the most commonly used persuasive strategies while personification is the least.
Narratives of a Nation: Iraqi Literature in the Post-2003 Era
Authors: Hammood Zainab Abd Ali
Published: June 2024

This review study offers developments of post-2003 Iraqi literature towards the concept of national identity while relieving socio-political turmoil. As such, the review study notices the synthesis of different scholarly approaches emphasizing themes and narrative shifts in contemporary works of Iraqi fiction. In such a context, diasporic literature and ethno-religious identity by Yasmeen Hanoosh in 2019 are differed from Al-Musawi in 2020 and Abbas in 2020 while discussing trauma and displacement both within Iraq and its diaspora. Khudayir 2017 looks at narrative techniques since the year 2003, Ali 2019 looks at literature as a preserving medium of the national identity from foreign influence, Ghareeb 2018 is more concerned with the cultural memory, and Abbas 2020 with displacement. Generally, it is apparent that Iraqi literature transforms from the pre-2003 dominant secular credentials to diversification in the marginalised identities, in addition to the role played by diasporic writers who brought about changes to what previously was a single-mode narrative. In such a nuanced analysis, it allows the representation of the way in which most of those themes are narrated by Iraqi authors-trauma, resilience, identity : contemporary Iraqi fiction is full of a life and transformative potential in building up cultural resilience and social justice.
The Impact of Using Audio-Visual Aids and Authentic Materials on Learners’ Performance in English Classes
Authors: Hamzah Murtadha Hamid , Jeryo Raqib Abbas , Obaid Hasan Mahmood
Published: June 2024

Educators emphasize the important of the authentic learning experiences for English learner. They try their best to make the activities in the language class are effective by replicate the kinds of interactions that students encounter outside the classroom such as smartphones and social network programs. Between all these applications, images play an essential role in the students’ lives. This study reviews the impact of using audio-visual aids and authentic materials on learners’ performance in English classes. The aim is to explore how teachers can employ serval teaching strategies and methods to activate multimedia integration into their classes. The results of this study would be of asset to several stakeholders.
اعتماد الادارة الفاعلة لتحقيق الاداء المتميز بتوسيط الابداع الوظيفي : بحث استطلاعي تحليلي في معمل السجاد العراقي
Authors: رحمة الله امير عباس , حمزة محمد فليح                                                                	 محمد فليح حمزة
Published: June 2024

يهدف البحث الى اختبار مدى تأثير الادارة الفاعلة كمتغير مستقل في تحقيق الاداء المتميز كمتغير تابع بتوسيط الابداع الوظيفي في معمل السجاد العراقي , اذ انطلق البحث وفق الفرضية الرئيسة (يوجد تأثير غير مباشر للإدارة الفاعلة في تحقيق الاداء المتميز بتوسيط  الابداع الوظيفي في المنظمة المبحوثة اجمالاً وعلى مستوى الابعاد ) , اذ اعتمد البحث المنهج الاستطلاعي التحليلي لإنجاز البحث , واستعملت الاستبانة كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات من عينة قوامها (100) فردأُ من مدير معمل ومدراء الوحدات والعاملين بطريقة عشوائية , فضلاً عن ذلك اجراء المقابلات الشخصية طيلة فترة التواجد في المعمل , وبرزت نتائج البحث بضرورة المحافظة على مستوى الادارة الفاعلة مع دخول دماء جديدة ومؤثر لها القدرة في اتخاذ القرار واستحداث اساليب جديدة وشبكات للتواصل اكثر فاعلية مابين المستويات الادارية من جهة وزيادة الثقة ومنح دور القيادة للعاملين لخلق نظرة متكاملة حول الاداء وضمان الاستمرار بالتحسين المستمر في الانتاج من جهة اخرى , كما ينبغي على ادارة المعمل منح العاملين المبدعين حوافز مادية ومالية بغية تشجيع الاخرين على المنافسة في خلق افكار جديدة , مع حث الجميع بأهمية الابداع في العمل  باعتباره المحرك الاساسي في تميز ادائهم  , مع حل المشكلات التي تواجههم اثناء العمل بروح الفريق الواحد بغية المحافظة على جودة الانتاج والمنافسة في بيئة العمل  .
استراتيجية إدارة الموارة البشرية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية : دراسة حالةعلي عينة من الشركات الصناعية
Authors: الزبير ابوسن
Published: June 2024

تناولت الدراسة أثر استراتيجية إدارة الموارة البشرية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية على عينة من الشركات الصناعية العاملة في ولاية الخرطوم ، ووضحت المشكلة في التساؤلات التالية : ما مستوى تفعيل استراتيجية إدارة الموارد البشرية في الشركة ؟ ما هو أثر استراتيجية إدارة الموارد البشرية في تحقيق الميزة التنافسية المستدامة ؟ ، وهدفت الدراسة إلى معرفة مدى توفر استراتيجية الموارد البشرية في منظمات الأعمال وأثرها في تحقيق الميزات التنافسة المستدامة ، واتبعت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي واعتمدت على الإستبيان كأداة رئيسية في جمع البيانات الأولية وتم تحليل  (377) عينة ، واستخلصت الدراسة مجموعة من النتائج منها وجود علاقة إيجابية بين استراتيجية إدارة الموارد البشرية والميزة التنافسية المستدامة ، ، وبناء على تلك النتائج تم تقديم عدد من التوصيات منها ضرورة أن تعتني الإدارات العليا في الشركات الصناعية باستراتيجية إدارة الموارد البشرية خاصة استراتيجيات التخطيط والتدريب والتعويض ، وأن تعمل بجد على تحقيق الميزات التنافسية لإستدامة التفوق
The Impact of Company Characteristics on Budget Implementation: An Investigative Study Applied to a Sample of Employees at Kufa Cement Plant
Authors: Al-Inizi Sumaya Mahdi
Published: June 2024

The research aimed to uncover the impact of company characteristics, represented by the dimensions of size, age, type, and structure, on budget implementation, represented by its three dimensions, namely, operational budget, cash budget, and capital budget, in Kufa Cement Plant. The current research highlights the research vocabulary philosophically by collecting concepts and literary contributions of researchers in this framework in order to achieve the research objective. Methodologically, a questionnaire was used as the primary tool to collect data from the sample individuals, including managers, employees, technicians, and administrators. A total of 262 questionnaires were distributed, and 250 were retrieved. A variety of statistical methods and techniques were employed in data processing and hypothesis testing, including arithmetic mean, Spearman correlation, and regression analysis. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology in dealing with theoretical and field data on its variables, which relies on describing the case and then analyzing it to reach conclusions. Several results were obtained, where the most important one was that there is a significant effect of company characteristics (age, size, type, and ownership structure) on budget implementation (operational, cash, and capital) in Kufa Cement Plant. The key recommendations emphasized focusing more on addressing the substantial deviations between actual cash and previously planned budgets in the studied plant.
Impact of Microcredit on Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sonia Jakia Benta , Hasan Syed Rakibul , Sultana Nahid , Akter Mst. Farzana , Ullah Mohammad Ohid
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Usually, microcredit is known as the providing of “small loans” to the poorer group of the population although it differs from country to country. Many poor and hardcore poor people have been taken the microcredit to reduce their poverty.  This study aimed to detect the impact of microcredit on poverty reduction among different levels of poor people. 
 
Methodology: Primary data were collected using cluster sampling from the 14 different slum areas from Sylhet city in Bangladesh (n= 408) based on a semi-structured questionnaire during October 2023 to December 2023. Descriptive statistical analysis and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to analyze the data.
 
Findings:  It was observed that among the participants 76% are male and 24% are female. Around 84.1% individuals were taking microcredit from the different NGOs and among them 91.6% got benefit from their loan and their income was increasing 14.6% as well.  It was also observed that 54.4% people are anxious about their food and 15.9% people are sleeping with hunger. Results also revealed that after taking microcredit the average percentage of hardcore poor people are significantly decreased compared with non-poor. It may indicate that after taking microcredit hardcore poor people invest their loan more appropriately compare to poor and non-poor groups of people. 
 
Conclusions:  Taken together, we conclude that microcredit might play better role for hardcore poor people. To get more success of microcredit and hence for sustainable development- government and non-government organizations should pay more attention to reduce the interest rate of loans.
دعم التفوق الاستراتيجي وأثره في تحقيق الريادة الاستراتيجية: دراسة استطلاعية للكادرالتدريسي في كلية التخطيط العمراني - جامعة الكوفة
Authors: الموسوي هيام حسن زبر , مهدي دلال صالح
Published: June 2024

هدفت الدراسة إلى التحقق من مدى استخدام الجامعات العراقية الناشئة في العراق بعد عام 2003لدعم التفوق الاستراتيجي ونطاق الريادة الاستراتيجية في عملها. وتوصلت الدراسة إلى أن الجامعة العراقية الناشئة تفتقر إلى الدعم من التفوق الريادي  والريادية الاستراتيجية، و أوصت في عمل بأن تعدل الجامعات بتطوير وتدريب موظفيها ووضع خطط التنمية المستدامة فيما بينهم احتياجات سوق العمل ورغبات العاملين فيه.
A Key to Win Customer Loyalty: An Empirical Study to Measure the Customer Loyalty in Apparel Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Umer Mashaal
Published: June 2024

This study aims to see the influence of price sensitivity, service quality, availability of substitutes, service recovery, word of mouth, convenience of products and customer satisfaction on loyalty of the customer in apparel industry of Pakistan. To test the theoretical framework, regression test was run on the data set. Data was collected from 300 respondents from different locations which include two biggest universities of the Lahore city in Pakistan. A lot of data was also collected from the biggest mall of the city. The results of the examination demonstrates that service recovery, word of mouth, convenience and satisfaction has positive effects on customer loyalty while service quality do not have noteworthy impact on loyalty of customer in apparel brands of Pakistan. A clear understanding of the relationship among factors will help companies to build and design strategies to enhance customer brand loyalty in apparel industry. Implications for managers, limitations and future research of the investigation are additionally examined.
The Status of Nationwide Implementation of Integrative Medicine Programs by Japanese Local Government from a “Social Model” Viewpoint
Authors: Chung Hui-Yu , Moroi Masaki , Hojo Yasutaka , Chen Fu-Shih , Yukawa Keiko , Motoo Yoshiharu , Arai Ichiro
Published: June 2024

Background: The world's demographics are transitioning, prompting governments globally to adopt diverse health promotion and disease prevention programs to enhance people's quality of life. While several integrative medicine (IM) programs, including traditional or alternative medicine, may be in place, the level of implementation nationwide is unknown. This research represents the first nationwide study in Japan, conducted in 2018 before local government health programs were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study examines the use of IM by local government in Japan and its safety and effectiveness as a “social model.”Methods: IM programs for disease prevention and health promotion of all 1,944 Japanese local governments in 2018, were retrieved the using the Web Archive Project of the National Diet Library, which is a maintained website repository for all Japanese local government including IM and health programs.Results: A total of 1,739 IM programs were implemented in 537 local governments (27.6% among all Japanese local governments). These included programs for Yoga (1,242; 71.4% of the projects), Qigong (211; 12.1%), and Aromatherapy (145; 8.3%). Among the providers of the programs, only 16 (0.9%) were national medical-related license holders. The purpose of disease prevention or health promotion was not described with scientific basis (safety and effectiveness).Conclusion: Japanese local government conduct health-promoting IM programs, but untrained providers administer many of them. There needs to be more evidence to support the alleged health promotion objectives. Local governments require better support and evidence-based planning to rectify this situation.
Evidence Map of Acupuncture: Where We Stand and Where We Should Go
Authors: Kim Tae-Hun , Kang Jung Won
Published: June 2024

Background: Evidence mapping presents the current status of evidence on a specific field. The "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" published in 2014 gave an overall picture of the evidence on acupuncture treatments for various conditions/diseases. In this study, evidence in 2024 for the effect of acupuncture was reassessed.Methods: The systematic reviews (SRs) on acupuncture for the 43 conditions/diseases where evidence was previously unclear or potentially effective in the "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" 2014 were searched in the PubMed and the Cochrane Library, and included SRs up to February, 2024. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations assessment in the included SRs was used for assessing the confidence level in the evidence of each condition.Results: When compared with the results of the "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" 2014, the average number of randomized controlled trials included in a SR increased from 11 to 19.5 by 2024. However, the confidence level showed an overall decrease. The reasons for unclear evidence were mainly methodological limitations such as poor research design, small sample size and small number of studies, and the results of the 2024 reassessment did not show a significant difference in the reasons compared with the "Evidence Map of Acupuncture" 2014.Discussion: To improve clinical evidence for acupuncture, simple repetition and increasing the number of new randomized controlled trials does not seem to be effective. To reduce redundancy, large scaled studies should be conducted, and a new critical appraisal tool for acupuncture is needed to avoid unfair evaluation of risk of bias in acupuncture research.
Shilajit, a Natural Phytocomplex Acts as a Neuroprotective Agent Against Amyloid Beta-induced Cytotoxicity and Inflammation
Authors: Kim Seoyoung , Seo Changon , Park HyeJin , Kwon Jin Gwan , Kim Jin Kyu , Moon Hyoun Jong , Lim Sunki , Gho Yujeong , Lee Wang Jun , Choi Yongmun , Lee Sanghun
Published: June 2024

Background: Shilajit is a natural phytocomplex known for centuries in Ayurveda traditional medicine for its antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective properties. However, there is little published scientific evidence to support these acclaimed properties.Methods: The safety, regarding the heavy metal content, component analysis, the neuroprotective effects and amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity and inflammation of 3 samples of Shilajit derived from different geographical origins were assessed. Neuroprotective effects of Shilajit were examined using neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y and IMR-32) and cell viability assays. The inhibitory effect on the proinflammatory cytokine derived from macrophage cells was assessed using bone marrow-derived macrophage cells in vitro and in a murine model of Aβ-induced inflammation (ex vivo analysis).Results: The results showed that a daily dose of each Shilajit sample were within the permissible heavy metal limit established by the United States Food and Drug Administration. The 3 Shilajit samples alleviated Aβ-induced toxicity in neuronal cells. One sample derived from the Altai Mountains suppressed Aβ-induced processing of pro-interleukin (pro-IL)-1β into mature, biologically active IL-1β in macrophages. This Shilajit sample inhibited Aβ-induced production of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in the brain (ex vivo analysis). In component analysis, this sample was enriched in salicyluric acid.Conclusion: Shared and distinct properties were observed among the 3 Shilajit samples concerning their neuroprotective effects, and regarding safety, the daily dose of each Shilajit had a safe level of heavy metal content. Salicyluric acid in Shilajit may be important in mitigating Aβ-induced inflammatory cytokine but more research is necessary.
Analisis Sentimen Ulasan Produk Toko Online Esrocte untuk Peningkatan Pelayanan Menggunakan Algoritma Naïve Bayer
Authors: Nafisyah Siti , Sulistiyowati Rini
Published: June 2024

Dalam era digital, belanja online menjadi rutin bagi masyarakat. Ulasan produk dari pelanggan sangat penting dalam membantu pembeli membuat keputusan. Analisis sentimen ulasan produk menjadi kunci untuk memahami pandangan pelanggan terhadap produk dan layanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma Naive Bayes untuk menganalisis ulasan produk dari Esrocte, sebuah platform e-commerce yang berkembang pesat. Hasilnya diharapkan memberikan pandangan bagi manajemen toko online dalam meningkatkan kualitas layanan. Metode penelitian meliputi scraping data, labeling, preprocessing, oversampling, pembagian dataset, training, dan evaluasi model menggunakan confusion matrix. Akurasi keseluruhan model yang dihasilkan adalah 80%.
Civic Culture In "Nganggung Dulang" Tradition To Strengthen Local Wisdom Values
Authors: Ridwan Ahmad , Suharno Suharno , Sataroh Sindy
Published: June 2024

This paper stems from the low awareness of the community regarding efforts to preserve a local tradition. The study aims to (1) describe the values of local wisdom found in the Nganggung Dulang tradition, (2) explore the community's understanding of civic culture within the Nganggung Dulang tradition, (3) identify the implementation of civic culture within the Nganggung Dulang tradition, and (4) analyze the roles of the government and the community in maintaining the existence of the Nganggung Dulang tradition. This research employs a qualitative approach using ethnographic methods. Subject determination uses purposive techniques. Data collection involves observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis applies the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, involving data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research findings indicate (1) the values of local wisdom in the Nganggung Dulang tradition include religious values, mutual cooperation, social care, and kinship values, (2) the community's understanding of civic culture in the Nganggung Dulang tradition strengthens local wisdom with good values, evidenced by the community's awareness of the historical background, purpose, and process of the Nganggung Dulang tradition, (3) the implementation of civic culture in the Nganggung Dulang tradition occurs during events such as funerals, Isra Mikraj of Prophet Muhammad SAW, Ruwah Bulan Syaban, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha, Islamic New Year, and Maulid of Prophet Muhammad SAW, and (4) the government and community of Ranggas Village, Bangka Belitung Islands Province, play significant roles in preserving the Nganggung Dulang tradition.
Previsão e Controle de Tempos das Entregas em Plataformas de Serviços com Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Pereira Guilherme Barrado , de Oliveira Rogério
Published: June 2024

Plataformas de serviços de entrega, ou plataformas de delivery, desempenham um papel cada vez mais importante no consumo de diferentes produtos e serviços. Este trabalho emprega dados de uma plataforma de venda e distribuição de gás de cozinha a consumidores finais para construir um modelo de aprendizado de máquina de previsão de tempos das entregas para uso na gestão dos serviços. Diferentes modelos de aprendizado de máquina são aplicados e comparados, e a análise permite identificar os principais ofensores para um melhor controle dos tempos de entrega e a tomada de decisões de negócio na operação da plataforma. O modelo final utiliza o algoritmo Extremely Randomized Trees e tem mais acurácia que o método empregado atualmente pela empresa.
Application of Functional Coating in Delaying the Corrosion of Titanium Alloys: A Review
Authors: Ikeh Obidimma , Okoli Ugochukwu , Ilogebe Amamchukwu
Published: June 2024

Titanium alloys are utilized in various industries due to their remarkable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. Nevertheless, their corrosion susceptibility is influenced by temperature, pressure, manufacturing methods, electrolyte properties, mechanical handling, alloy composition, surface passivation, constituent phases, and environmental conditions. Their corrosion resistance is largely determined by the passive film’s density, the chemical composition, and the base metal’s microstructure. These alloys face diverse corrosion challenges in different applications, necessitating the development of effective protective measures. This review examines the types of corrosion, the factors influencing it, and the specific issues encountered in various applications. Furthermore, it provides an overview of using functional coatings to enhance titanium alloys’ corrosion resistance. Based on recent research findings, the review evaluates multiple coatings, including thermal spray coating, chemical vapor deposition, cold spray coating, laser surface engineering, and laser surface alloying. It discusses the protective mechanisms of these coatings, such as barrier formation, passivation, and inhibition of corrosive species. Additionally, challenges related to coating adhesion, durability, and performance under extreme conditions are addressed. This analysis aims to shed light on the current state of functional coatings for titanium alloys and identify potential directions for future research to achieve more robust and durable corrosion protection.
Efficacy and Safety of Zhengan Xifeng Decoction Combined with Western Medicine in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhao jianghu , Wu Yuanhua , Lei Tong , Zheng Yijia , Tian Maoping , Wang Azhen , Li Yueli
Published: June 2024

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) poses a significant social burden. Zhengan Xifeng Decoction has been widely used in the treatment of PD. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Zhengan Xifeng Decoction combined with Western medicine in the treatment of PD. Methods: Five independent databases were searched for clinical randomized controlled trials on Zhengan Xifeng Decoction combined with Western medicine for the treatment of PD. The risk of bias and quality of the included studies were assessed, followed by a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 21 studies, including 1678 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggested that the combination of Zhengan Xifeng Decoction and Western medicine demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of PD [OR = 6.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] (4.70, 8.60), Z = 11.99 (P < 0.00001)] and reduced Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores [mean difference (MD) = -5.50, 95% CI (-6.93, -4.08)]; UPDRS I, II, III scores [MD = -4.87, 95% CI (-7.27, -2.47)]; UPDRS II, III scores [MD = -7.18, 95% CI (-15.71, -1.35)]; UPDRS I scores [MD = -0.15, 95% CI (-0.27, -0.03)]; UPDRS II scores [MD = -1.62, 95% CI (-2.42, -0.82)]; UPDRS III scores [MD = -2.14, 95% CI (-3.91, 0.38)]; and UPDRS IV scores [MD = -0.40, 95% CI (-0.79, -0.01)]. The differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Zhengan Xifeng Decoction combined with Western medicine demonstrates improved clinical efficacy in the treatment of PD, and patients tolerate adverse events well.
Evaluating Persian Websites that Provide Information About Chronic Diseases
Authors: Ghalavand Hossein , Eskrootchi Roghayeh , Khani Sedigheh
Published: June 2024

Background: A significant part of chronic disease control and prevention depends on patients' access to appropriate information. Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate Persian websites that provide information about chronic diseases Methods: In the current quantitative-descriptive survey study, data were collected by determining the core websites' ratio using the purposive sampling method and by using HONcode, Discern, and Silberg tools. The data were then analyzed through descriptive and correlation statistics using SPSS software version 21. Results: Based on the results, the Persian core websites for chronic diseases had average scores of 49.10%, 39.59%, and 49.95% based on HONcode, Discern, and Silberg criteria, respectively. Additionally, a significant positive relationship was observed between the results of the Discern and Silberg tools for evaluating chronic disease websites. However, HONcode scores were not significantly related to those of Discern and Silberg. Conclusions: The Persian websites for chronic diseases were qualitatively unfavorable based on the HONcode, Discern, and Silberg criteria, and the results of the three tools were not convergent. To help users, credible websites should be introduced or redesigned to meet international standards.
Coagulopathies Related to COVID-19 Infection in Pregnant Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Yousefi Maryam , Arjmandnia Mohammad Hossein , Arjmandnia Faezeh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: COVID-19 infection in pregnant women can increase the risk of complications, particularly coagulation disorders and mortality. Case Presentation: We reported a case of a 32-year-old pregnant woman infected with COVID-19. One day after admission for COVID-19 treatment, she underwent a cesarean section (C/S). About 30 hours after the C/S, the patient's hemoglobin levels dramatically dropped. An emergency ultrasound revealed abundant free fluid in the abdomen. Based on the ultrasound findings, the patient underwent a diagnostic laparotomy. During the laparotomy, two liters of blood with clots were found in the abdomen, but the source of the bleeding was inconclusive. Following the laparotomy, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and received necessary blood products such as packed cells, antihemophilic factor, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP). After five days, the patient was discharged in good general condition. Conclusions: Early diagnosis of bleeding, prompt and skilled interventions, and careful monitoring of recently operated pregnant women with COVID-19 reduce the risk of hemorrhagic shock, maternal complications, and mortality.
The Relationship Between Self-care Ability and Health-Promoting Behaviors of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Abbasi Dashtaki Sedigheh , Majdinasab Nastaran , Ghanbari Saeed , Moradi Kalboland Mehrnaz
Published: June 2024

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease. Familiarity and awareness of self-care conditions and health-promoting behaviors contribute to patients’ self-efficacy. Objectives: This study examines the relationship between self-care ability and health-promoting behaviors in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study involved 112 MS patients from the MS Society of Khuzestan province, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a demographic form, Weaver’s Self-Care Inventory (SCI), and Walker’s Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), then analyzed with SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05. Results: The mean self-care ability score was 104.49 ± 12.72 (range 40 - 240), and the mean health-promoting behavior score was 132.52 ± 12.72 (range 50 - 208), indicating overall poor health-promoting behaviors. Self-care ability was significantly related to health-promoting behaviors in MS patients (P < 0.01). Age (P = 0.001), education (P = 0.002), and job type (P = 0.017) showed significant relationships with self-care ability. However, there was no significant relationship between demographic variables and health-promoting behaviors (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Multiple sclerosis patients exhibit poor health-promoting behaviors and self-care ability. Improving self-care ability and health-promoting behaviors requires ongoing education and culturalization. The MS Society can design and implement structured training programs by understanding the self-efficacy needs and abilities of patients and collaborating with other therapy group members.
The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Morphine Preference in Rats: Possible Antioxidative/Oxidative Signaling Pathway
Authors: Rezaeiasl Zahra , Nazari-Alam Ali , Kheiripour Nejat , Salami Mahmoud , Ardjmand Abolfazl , Ghavipanjeh Gholamreza
Published: June 2024

Background: Many studies have revealed various aspects of the relationship between the stomach and the brain, but there has been no systematic study of the role of gut microbiota in drug addiction to date. This investigation is based on the novel concept that gut dysbiosis plays an important role in addiction disorders. Probiotic supplements (PBS) are thought to be a useful therapy method for opiate addiction and substance misuse. Therefore, it is postulated that changes in gut flora can play a significant part in the addiction process. Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe whether PBS, through the gut-brain axis in drug addiction, can decrease morphine (Mor) tendency in rats by affecting oxidative stress (OS) markers, using a conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. Methods: Forty-two rats (weight 180 - 200 g) were divided into six groups (n = 7 in each). The effective dose of morphine (Mor) was 7.5 mg/kg. Two probiotic supplements were used: Prodigest (Prd) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum, and Prokid (Prk) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, and Bifidobacterium bifidum. These were administered via gavage for 14 days. The animals were given PBS after each conditioning session in the conditioned place preference (CPP) model. The animals' locomotor activity was then evaluated using an open field apparatus. The brain was tested for malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and thiol levels. Results: Only the Prd group, but not the Prk group, significantly increased the time spent in the Mor chamber (the location preference index) during the acquisition phase (P < 0.05). The anti-oxidation/oxidation profiles (MDA, NO, CAT, SOD, TAC, and thiol) were altered by PBS. Conclusions: Given the elevated location preference index generated by Mor, it may be argued that PBS influences mood and behavior via antioxidative/oxidative signaling, thereby potentiating the effect of Mor.
Prevalence of Burnout Among Health Workers in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Babakhanian Masoudeh , Qasemi kouhikheili Maryam , Araghian Mojarad Fereshteh , Talebian Fatemeh , Yaghoubi Tahereh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Burnout significantly impacts human service professions, reducing the sense of competence and successful performance of duties. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of job burnout among healthcare workers in Iran. Methods: A systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), and IranDoc from the inception of each database until December 30, 2023. Studies that used the Maslach burnout inventory to investigate the prevalence of burnout in health workers and had an observational design (including cross-sectional studies) were included. The selection of relevant studies was performed independently by two researchers at all stages of study selection, including screening, full-text review, and qualitative evaluation using the modified version of the HOY tool. Data implementation was done in Excel, and data analysis was conducted using STATA version 12. Results: A total of 63 articles were included. About 62.2% of the studies had a low risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects method to calculate the prevalence of job burnout, and the average score of burnout was calculated as ES: [95% Conf interval = 0.38 (0.30 - 0.46)]. The degree of heterogeneity was reported as I2 = 99.66%, which is significant (P = 0.000), indicating high heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis was conducted to reduce heterogeneity. The results showed that the average burnout score increases with the sample size increase in the study, which is statistically significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: To minimize burnout, it is suggested that supportive approaches, including access to psychosocial support, web-based services, psychological first aid, psychological support hotlines, and self-care techniques, be considered for healthcare workers during their service years.
06 Şubat 2023 Kahramanmaraş Depremlerinin Mekânsal Dağılımına Dair Parametre ve Hesaplama Tartışmaları
Authors: Ağın Gözükızıl Ceren , Tezcan Senem
Published: June 2024

Şehir planlama, birçok değişkeni içeren ve kentlerin gelişimine yön veren belgeleri üretmektedir. Bunu yaparken analiz, sentez ve bunların bütünü üzerinden kararlar ortaya koyan planlar önemli araçlardır. Bu aşamalarda mekâna dair verilerin bir arada değerlendirilmesine, farklı disiplinlerden verilerin mekansallaşmasına, gerçek yer üzerinden verilerin görselleştirilmesine olanak sağlayan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri kolaylaştırıcı bir rol üstlenmektedir. Özellikle verilerin mekânsal dağılımını izlememizi sağlamakta ve kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bahsedilen bu verilerden bir tanesi de afet verileri olmaktadır. 06 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş’ta 9 saat arayla önce Pazarcık sonra Elbistan ilçelerinin merkez üssü olduğu iki deprem gerçekleşmiştir. Depremler Güneydoğu Anadolu, Doğu Anadolu, İç Anadolu ve Akdeniz Bölgelerini kapsayan geniş bir alanda hissedilmiştir. Kahramanmaraş merkezli depremlerin etki alanlarının ve yol açtığı hasarların büyüklüğü, hazırlanan afetle mücadele belgelerinden olası afet senaryolarına kadar birçok kabulümüzü tekrar sorgulamamıza nenden olmuştur. Yaşanan bu depremler sonrasında Adana, Adıyaman, Diyarbakır, Elâzığ, Gaziantep, Hatay, Kahramanmaraş, Kilis, Malatya, Osmaniye, Şanlıurfa, Batman, Bingöl, Kayseri, Mardin, Niğde ve Tunceli “Genel Hayata Etkili Afet Bölgesi” olarak kabul edilmiştir. Bu illerde yaşanan afet sonrasında Çevre, Şehircilik ve İklim Değişikliği Bakanlığı tarafından hasar tespit çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu tespitlerin askı sürecinde edinilen veriler baz alınarak çalışmada veri setleri oluşturulmuştur. Ancak bu verilerin mekânsal dağılımlarının hangi parametrelerce ölçülebileceği üzerine çeşitli hesaplama yöntemleri uygulanmakta ve genel geçer tek bir yöntem kabul edilmemektedir. Buradan yola çıkarak bu çalışma farklı yaklaşımlar sonucu üretilen verilerle olası parametrelerin neler olabileceğini, bu parametrelerin birbiri arasındaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları üzerinden tartışmaya açmayı hedeflemektedir.