bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History of Public Administration in Russia
Authors: Galkin Pavel , Liseycev Dmitriy , Petrovicheva Elena
Published: April 2023

The content of the textbook chronologically covers the period from the birth of statehood among the Eastern Slavs to the present. The author pays special attention to the mechanisms of interaction of government institutions at all levels, as well as reforms and counter-reforms. The textbook is provided with explanatory diagrams illustrating the contents of the textbook, and test tasks.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students studying in the field of training 38.03.04 "State and municipal administration".
Architectural structures and design theory: Low-rise residential buildings
Authors: Sysoevam Elena , Trushin Sergey , Konovalov Vladimir , Gur'ev Vladimir , Etenko Vyacheslav
Published: April 2023

The textbook introduces various types of structural systems of buildings, individual structural elements, their characteristics and purpose. At the end there is a construction dictionary of terms used in the text.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of higher educational institutions studying in the field of training "Construction", mastering the discipline "Fundamentals of architectural and construction design of buildings and structures". It is of interest to teachers of architectural and construction faculties.
Trophic ulcers of venous etiology. Diagnosis and treatment.
Authors: Katorkin Sergey , Mel'nikov Mihail , Krivoschekov Evgeniy , Stoyko Yuriy
Published: April 2023

The textbook outlines the basics of diagnosis, treatment and medical rehabilitation of patients with chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities complicated by trophic ulcers. Based on the analysis of the literature and the results of their own research, modern views on the etiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of this complication and the principles of complex treatment are presented. Individual tactics with the use of clinical, functional and
biomechanical methods in diagnosis and treatment are substantiated. The authors described the technique of classical operations and modern minimally invasive technologies.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of medical higher educational institutions, clinical residents, surgeons, angiosurgeons, phlebologists and general practitioners.
Ensuring information security on the Internet
Authors: Maksurov Aleksey
Published: April 2023

The monograph examines the features of legal relations in the field of information security in the global information space. The concept of "cybersecurity" is investigated, the institutional independence of the norms of law on ensuring security in the cyber environment is substantiated from the point of view of the subject and method of legal regulation. Considerable attention is paid to the characteristics of the sources of law on ensuring information security on the Internet. Substantial proposals have been made to improve legal regulation in this area both at the national (primarily Russian) and international levels. A technological approach has been applied to the consideration of security issues in the global information space, within the framework of which the organizational, technical and legal principles of ensuring information security in cyberspace, as well as ways and means of ensuring security in the global information space have been studied.
It is given not only an assessment of the level of use of funds, their interrelation and mutual complement, but also the legal characteristics of security tools in the global information space, for example cryptographic. The resources allocated for the implementation of the type of legal technology under study that were not previously allocated in the legal literature, for example, scientific and economic. The features of the protection of personal information on the Internet are considered, as well as modern problems of legal security in the global information environment, including cybersecurity in banking, healthcare, and biometric data security. The problems of international cooperation in the field of information security are highlighted.
For a wide range of readers interested in information security issues. It can be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools and faculties.
The process of clinical diagnosis and preparation of the patient for psychodynamic group psychotherapy.
Authors: Trzop Robert
Published: April 2023

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje temat diagnozy i kwalifikacji pacjentów do psychoterapii grupowej. Skrupulatnie przeprowadzona diagnoza i właściwe przygotowanie do rozpoczęcia leczenia w grupie zmniejsza ryzyko nagłej z niej rezygnacji, zwiększa efektywność interwencji terapeutycznych, daje leczącym się większe poczucie bezpieczeństwa, szczególnie w początkowym okresie terapii i umożliwia terapeutom przewidywanie funkcjonowania pacjenta w relacjach. W literaturze możemy znaleźć informacje na temat czynników dyskwalifikujących oraz cech sprzyjających i ułatwiających korzystanie z leczenia w grupie, w rzeczywistości jednak decyzje związane z kwalifikacją rzadko bywają jednoznaczne i proste. W pierwszej części artykułu podjęto refleksję nad dylematami związanymi z kwalifikowaniem pacjentów z różnymi dodatkowymi trudnościami i dysfunkcjami, opisywanymi często jako wykluczające z terapii grupowej. Następnie odniesiono się do znaczenia diagnozy procesów mentalizacji oraz oceny osobowości jako istotnych predyktorów funkcjonowania leczących się w grupie terapeutycznej. Na koniec rozważono znaczenie diagnozy dla opisu problemów badanych i przygotowania ich do psychoterapii, mających zasadnicze znaczenie dla dalszego leczenia.
The River of Life Model - timelines in psychotherapy
Authors: Szymańska Katarzyna
Published: April 2023

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie Modelu Rzeki Życia, autorstwa Petera Nemetschka, jako hipnotycznej metody terapii prowadzonej na linii czasu. W pierwszej części artykułu nakreślono strategię pracy systemowej z jednostką lub rodziną, na której bazuje metoda, opartej o rozwijanie wizji przyszłości. Twórca metody zakłada, że celem terapii jest przywrócenie jednostce i/systemowi adaptacyjnych możliwości radzenia sobie z nieuchronnymi kryzysami za pomocą zasobów znajdujących się wewnątrz systemu. Zakłada również, że kierowanie uwagi pacjenta na wzbudzanie nadziei i budowaniu pozytywnej postawy wobec możliwości osiągnięcia celu w przyszłości, wzmocni końcowy efekt terapii. W kolejnej części artykułu opisana została metoda – jej struktura, podstawowe kroki pracy i sposób stosowania. Następnie przedstawiono przypadek krótkoterminowej terapii rodzinnej obrazujący zastosowanie metody w praktyce. Zgłoszonym przez matkę pacjentem był czteroletni chłopiec, cierpiący na zaburzenia wydalania (encopresis) W końcowej refleksji podkreślono te właściwości metody, które czynią ją wartościową i efektywnie promującą zmianę w terapii . Metoda znajduje zastosowanie w rozwiązywaniu różnorodnych problemów klinicznych w pracy z rodzinami, parami i pacjentem indywidualnym. Praca terapeutyczna przebiega równolegle z wszystkimi członkami rodziny w stanie niedyrektywnie wzbudzonej hipnozy. Terapeuta jest aktywny i kreatywny, dba o rozwijanie projekcyjnej przestrzeni obrazującej bieg życia pacjentów, wprowadza rytuały, używa symboli i metafory, spożytkowuje zasoby rodziny.
Minimally invasive laparoscopic methods of biopsy in small animal practice
Authors: Tapia-Araya Angelo , Monti Simone , Sampayo José , Gomariz Francisco Martinez , Ortega Juan Granados , Enciso Silvia , Sánchez-Margallo Francisco
Published: April 2023

Laparoscopic surgery has benefitted from many technical advances, achieving better results and reduced complications in comparison to conventional surgical techniques. Specialist equipment has been developed to better aid the minimally invasive approach, allowing for more precision, becoming a method of choice for biopsy. It is of particular value in patients where the sites are small or present in locations unsuitable for image-guided biopsy, or where adequate tissue cannot be obtained by image-guided biopsy. Laparoscopy has been proven to offer several benefits to the patient both intraoperatively and postoperatively, therefore, it can be said that laparoscopy provides a safe and effective means of obtaining biopsies in small animal practice.
Finding HOPE in orthodontic simulated training
Authors: Seeballuck Clement , Chalmers Elinor , Sivamurthy Gautham
Published: April 2023

The global pandemic significantly impacted most areas of the dental profession. Limitations on treatment, footfall in clinical and university centres and social distancing affected our ability to provide patient care and clinical training. This article details how custom 3D-printed training tools were used to mitigate some of the constraints affecting our established simulated orthodontic clinical skills course. The development of the training tools, structure of the course and potential future implications are discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The article discusses novel training methods that can easily be adopted in a variety of clinical and non-clinical settings.
Internal root resorption: case report and literature review
Authors: Kane Georgina , Donaldson Christopher
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Internal inflammatory root resorption (IIRR) is a rare, but significant consequence of dental trauma. Previous cases often focus on two-dimensional imaging. More widespread use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has seen improved diagnostic accuracy of these defects leading to more appropriate management. In this case report, an adolescent male patient complained of a missing front tooth (UR1). Dental history revealed intrusive trauma to the predecessor as a child. The UR1 was impacted with a dilacerated root. CBCT imaging revealed severe internal root resorption, and due to its extensive nature, extraction was advised.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Readers should be aware of the consequences of internal inflammatory root resorption and understand the importance of early detection with appropriate special investigations.
O PAPEL MEDIADOR DAS TECNOLOGIAS PARA OS LETRAMENTOS: PRODUÇÃO E CONSUMO DE FOTOGRAFIAS DIGITAIS
Authors: Souza Tatiane Nunes , Ferreira Andréia de Assis
Published: April 2023

Este artigo decorre de uma investigação de mestrado, que procurou analisar a progressão no desenvolvimento do letramento visual na perspectiva de uma Educação para o olhar, na possibilidade do espaço digital multimodal de textos por meio de atividades com fotografias capturadas por crianças na escola. A fim de analisar e refletir sobre a dimensão imagética com as crianças, esta pesquisa foi definida em uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa a partir de um estudo de caso e, para coleta de dados, foram adotadas a observação, o grupo focal e questionário. O suporte teórico foi alicerçado em autores tais como Harari (2016), Kenski (2012), Lévy (2010, 2011), Ribeiro (2012), Rojo e Moura (2012), Coscarelli (2016), Kress (1996-2010), dentre outros. Entre outras dimensões, os dados mostraram que as crianças ampliaram as habilidades de leitura e escrita multimodal, desenvolvendo o letramento visual, especialmente com vistas ao consumo.
A SEXUALIDADE NA PERSPECTIVA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS EM DISCUSSÃO NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR: VAMOS INICIAR OS DEBATES?
Authors: Estevam Marques Luciana Maria , Matheus Furlan Elaine Gomes , Veraszto Estéfano Vizconde
Published: April 2023

Esse trabalho discute posicionamentos pedagógicos envolvidos no desdobrar da educação como um direito à igualdade e à diferença, considerando a temática da sexualidade na perspectiva dos direitos humanos. Os documentos normativos, como os PCNs e a BNCC, apresentam o tema a partir da transversalidade e do ensino de Ciências, estando timidamente citado dentro do currículo. Realizamos uma pesquisa com 20 professores da educação básica e propomos reflexões sobre situações de tensão e os meios para administrá-las no ambiente escolar. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza descritiva com o uso da metodologia qualitativa e, para tratar os dados, fizemos uma análise textual discursiva. O resultado indica que a maioria dos respondentes defendem a pauta dos direitos humanos como importante para ser debatida dentro das escolas, além de trazer elementos que confirmam sobre a necessidade de ampliar as ações que considerem a diversidade no contexto escolar.
A MEDIAÇÃO DE LEITURA LITERÁRIA INFANTIL E O USO DE LIVRO DIGITAL: O que dizem os estudos
Authors: Loutfi Silvana de Carvalho Arantes , Andrade Maria de Fátima Ramos de
Published: April 2023

Neste artigo apresentamos um levantamento bibliográfico realizado na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD) com o objetivo de analisar estudos que tratam da mediação de leitura e o uso do livro digital. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico situado no período entre 2018 a 2020 que considerou os seguintes descritores: livro digital, mediação de leitura e literatura infantil. Para essa seleção de trabalhos, buscamos identificar objetivos, fundamentação teórica, percurso metodológico e os principais resultados encontrados. Com a análise das pesquisas publicadas, constatamos a necessidade de expandir os estudos sobre a leitura literária, a mediação de leitura e o uso de livro digital. Além disso, ficou evidenciado a necessidade de formação de novas práticas de leitura com a inserção de recursos tecnológicos no campo da educação.
The self-perpetuation of the promise of care robots
Authors: Schulz-Schaeffer Ingo , Wiggert Kevin , Meister Martin , Clausnitzer Tim
Published: April 2023

This article employs a narrative approach to explain the self-perpetuation of the promise of care robots. For two decades, care robots have been viewed as a promising digital innovation that will relieve care workers from service tasks and thus improve the situation in the care sector. Though they still show a rather poor performance in real-world applications, the expectations are as high as ever. To explain the self-perpetuation of the promise of care robots, we investigate sensemaking practices in the discourse about care robots and show how a predominant overarching narrative as well as project-related sensemaking practices play out.
High-precision Fourier ptychographic microscopy based on Gaussian apodization coherent transfer function constraints
Authors: Cheng Hong , Li Ju , Liu Qihong , Ren Shuo , Li Wei , Zhang Quanbing
Published: April 2023

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) combines the concepts of phase
retrieval algorithms and synthetic apertures and can solve the problem
in which it is difficult to combine a large field of view with high
resolution. However, the use of the coherent transfer function in
conventional calculations to describe the linear transfer process of
an imaging system can lead to ringing artifacts. In addition, the
Gerchberg–Saxton iterative algorithm can cause the phase retrieval
part of the FPM algorithm to fall into a local optimum. In this paper,
Gaussian apodization coherent transfer function is proposed to
describe the imaging process and is combined with an iterative method
based on amplitude weighting and phase gradient descent to reduce the
presence of ringing artifacts while ensuring the accuracy of the
reconstructed results. In simulated experiments, the proposed
algorithm is shown to give a smaller mean square error and higher
structural similarity, both in the presence and absence of noise.
Finally, the proposed algorithm is validated in terms of giving
reconstruction results with high accuracy and high resolution, using
images acquired with a new microscope system and open-source
images.
Optical fiber pH sensor based on a multimode interference device with polymer overlay
Authors: Velasco-Bolom P. M. , Camas-Anzueto J. L. , Lopez-Cortes D. , Avendaño-Roque A. J. , Ruiz-Perez V. I.
Published: April 2023

An optical fiber pH sensor based on a multimode interference structure is presented. The sensitive element is a piece of no-core fiber (NCF) coated with a mixture of polyallylamine hydrochloride and polyacrylic acid by a modified layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method. It is experimentally shown that by reducing the diameter of the NCF by chemical etching, the sensitivity is increased from −0.31nm/pH to −2nm/pH. The sensor exhibits a high linear response of 0.997 over a pH range from 5 to 11.3 with a rapid response time lower than 1 s.
Speckle-based structured light shift-keying for non-line-of-sight optical communication
Authors: Badavath Purnesh Singh , Raskatla Venugopal , Chakravarthy T. Pradeep , Kumar Vijay
Published: April 2023

We report an experimental proof of concept for speckle-based one-to-three non-line-of-sight (NLOS) free space optical (FSO) communication channels employing structured light shift-keying. A 3-bit gray image of resolution 100×100 pixels is encoded in Laguerre–Gaussian or Hermite–Gaussian beams and decoded using their respective intensity speckle patterns via trained 1D convolutional neural network. We have achieved an average classification accuracy of 96% and 93% using LGml and HGpq beams, respectively, among all three channels. It demonstrates the directional independence and broadcasting capability of speckle-based decoding (SBD) in FSO communication using structured light. Further, we have extended the study from 2D to 1D SBD in one-to-three NLOS FSO communication channels to decrease the computational cost and to emphasize the importance of the 1D SBD approach.
Mechanism of near-field optical nanopatterning on noble metal nano-films by a nanosecond laser irradiating a cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy probe
Authors: Wang Xuewen , Cui Jianlei , Yin Hailong , Wang Zhijun , He Xiaoqiao , Mei Xuesong
Published: April 2023

To overcome the diffraction limit, a laser irradiating cantilevered scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) probe has been used in near-field optical nanopatterning. In this paper, the mechanism of nanopatterning on noble metal nano-films by this technique is investigated by the finite element method. It is proposed that the main mechanism of this phenomenon is the melt and reshaping of the nano-film under the SNOM tip. The melt is caused by the surface plasmon polariton-assisted enhancement and restriction within the SNOM tip aperture. The impacts of the gap g between the tip and substrate and the polarization of the laser are further analyzed.
Broadband high-efficiency solar absorber based on tungsten hole-mesh structure
Authors: zhao chi , Li Na , Rao Xin , Xu Bonan , Shan Yuyu , Zhang Jingke , ZHang Yiqun , Liu Guo
Published: April 2023

Solar energy is widely considered a "green energy" source, and to maximize its utilization, efficient solar absorbers that can absorb solar energy at various optical frequencies are necessary. In this study, we report a high-performance, broadband solar absorber made of just two materials – tungsten(W) and Al2O3. The absorber is composed of three layers, arranged from top to bottom: an Al2O3 dielectric layer, a W hole-mesh layer, and a W substrate layer. Finite time domain(FDTD) analysis simulations demonstrated an ultra-high absorption rate of 97.64% across a wide spectrum of visible and near-infrared light (400nm-1600nm). The high absorption rate is attributed to the combined effects of surface plasmon resonance, cavity resonance, and the high imaginary part of the permittivity of tungsten. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of the geometric parameters of the W hole-mesh absorber on the absorption performance and explained the physical mechanism of the high absorption rate by analyzing impedance matching. Interestingly, the absorber is insensitive to polarized light and can still maintain a high absorption rate of 90% at an incident angle of 0-60°. Our findings indicate that the W hole-mesh absorber has significant advantages in solar energy harvesting, paving the way for more efficient and cost-effective solar energy technology.
Applying blockchain to the modern legal system: Kleros as a decentralised dispute resolution system
Authors: Zhuk Alesia
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the use of blockchain technology in the legal system through decentralized online dispute resolution mechanisms, with a particular focus on Kleros. While Kleros offers a potentially more accessible, efficient, and fair way of resolving minor disputes, concerns have been raised about the potential bias caused by jurors accumulating cryptocurrencies. It is criticized that Kleros and similar decentralized systems are perceived to be a more accessible, quicker, cheaper, and fairer way to resolve disputes. However, important questions have been raised about the financial interest of jurors and how it may diminish the role of the rule of law and impede its evolution. Despite these concerns, the authors argue that Kleros has the potential to introduce blockchain into the national judicial system. To achieve this, measures such as allowing parties to select jurors with specific qualifications and setting a fee proportional to each juror’s Pinakion (PNK) should be implemented. Furthermore, clear instructions on the use of cryptocurrencies and blockchain in the Kleros system should be provided to promote transparency and understanding for all participants. Overall, this paper contributes to the discussion on the use of blockchain technology in the legal system and highlights the need for careful consideration of its potential impact on the rule of law.
Parental compliance and reasons for COVID-19 Vaccination among American children
Authors: Sehgal Neil K. R. , Rader Benjamin , Gertz Autumn , Astley Christina M. , Brownstein John S.
Published: April 2023

COVID-19 vaccination rates among children have stalled, while new coronavirus strains continue to emerge. To improve child vaccination rates, policymakers must better understand parental preferences and reasons for COVID-19 vaccination among their children. Cross-sectional surveys were administered online to 30,174 US parents with at least one child of COVID-19 vaccine eligible age (5–17 years) between January 1 and May 9, 2022. Participants self-reported willingness to vaccinate their child and reasons for refusal, and answered additional questions about demographics, pandemic related behavior, and vaccination status. Willingness to vaccinate a child for COVID-19 was strongly associated with parental vaccination status (multivariate odds ratio 97.9, 95% confidence interval 86.9–111.0). The majority of fully vaccinated (86%) and unvaccinated (84%) parents reported concordant vaccination preferences for their eligible child. Age and education had differing relationships by vaccination status, with higher age and education positively associated with willingness among vaccinated parents. Among all parents unwilling to vaccinate their children, the two most frequently reported reasons were possible side effects (47%) and that vaccines are too new (44%). Unvaccinated parents were much more likely to list a lack of trust in government (41% to 21%, p < .001) and a lack of trust in scientists (34% to 19%, p < .001) as reasons for refusal. Cluster analysis identified three groups of unwilling parents based on their reasons for refusal to vaccinate, with distinct concerns that may be obscured when analyzed in aggregate. Factors associated with willingness to vaccinate children and reasons for refusal may inform targeted approaches to increase vaccination.
Drought, armed conflict and population mortality in Somalia, 2014–2018: A statistical analysis
Authors: Warsame Abdihamid , Frison Séverine , Checchi Francesco
Published: April 2023

During 2010–2012, extreme food insecurity and famine in Somalia were estimated to account for 256,000 deaths. Since 2014 Somalia has experienced recurrent below-average rainfall, with consecutive failed rains in late 2016 and 2017 leading to large-scale drought, displacement and epidemics. We wished to estimate mortality across Somalia from 2014 to 2018, and measure the excess death toll attributable to the 2017–2018 drought-triggered crisis. We used a statistical approach akin to small-area estimation, and relying solely on existing data. We identified and re-analysed 91 household surveys conducted at the district level and estimating the crude (CDR) and under 5 years death rate (U5DR) over retrospective periods of 3–4 months. We captured datasets of candidate predictors of mortality with availability by district and month. We also reconstructed population denominators by district-month combining alternative census estimates and displacement data. We combined these data inputs into predictive models to estimate CDR and U5DR and combined the predictions with population estimates to project death tolls. Excess mortality was estimated by constructing counterfactual no-crisis scenarios. Between 2013 and 2018, Somalia’s population increased from 12.0 to 13.5 million, and internally displaced people or returnees reached 20% of the population. We estimated an excess death toll of 44,700 in the most likely counterfactual scenario, and as high as 163,800 in a pessimistic scenario. By contrast to 2010–2012, excess deaths were widespread across Somalia, including central and northern regions. This analysis suggests that the 2017–2018 crisis had a lower, albeit still very substantial, mortality impact than its 2010–2012 predecessor. Despite modest elevations in death rate, crisis conditions were widespread and affected a population of millions. Humanitarian response to drought-related crises in Somalia needs to be strengthened, target the most vulnerable and emphasise very early interventions.
Assessing the hidden burden and costs of COVID-19 pandemic in South Asia: Implications for health and well-being of women, children and adolescents
Authors: Owais Aatekah , Rizvi Arjumand , Jawwad Muhammad , Horton Susan , Das Jai K. , Merritt Catherine , Moreno Ralfh , Asfaw Atnafu G. , Rutter Paul , Nguyen Phuong H. , Menon Purnima , Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected vulnerable populations. With its intensity expected to be cyclical over the foreseeable future, and much of the impact estimates still modeled, it is imperative that we accurately assess the impact to date, to help with the process of targeted rebuilding of services. We collected data from administrative health information systems in six South Asian countries (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka), to determine essential health services coverage disruptions between January–December 2020, and January–June 2021, compared to the same calendar months in 2019, and estimated the impact of this disruption on maternal and child mortality using the Lives Saved Tool. We also modelled impact of prolonged school closures on continued enrollment, as well as potential sequelae for the cohort of girls who have likely dropped out. Coverage of key maternal and child health interventions, including antenatal care and immunizations, decreased by up to 60%, with the largest disruptions observed between April and June 2020. This was followed by a period of recovery from July 2020 to March 2021, but a reversal of most of these gains in April/May 2021, likely due to the delta variant-fueled surge in South Asia at the same time. We estimated that disruption of essential health services between January 2020 and June 2021 potentially resulted in an additional 19,000 maternal and 317,000 child deaths, an increase of 19% and 13% respectively, compared to 2019. Extended school closures likely resulted in 9 million adolescents dropping out permanently, with 40% likely being from poorest households, resulting in decreased lifetime earnings. A projected increase in early marriages for girls who dropped out could result in an additional 500,000 adolescent pregnancies, 153,000 low birthweight births, and 27,000 additional children becoming stunted by age two years. To date, the increase in maternal and child mortality due to health services disruption has likely exceeded the overall number of COVID-19 deaths in South Asia. The indirect effects of the pandemic were disproportionately borne by the most vulnerable populations, and effects are likely to be long-lasting, permanent and in some cases inter-generational, unless policies aimed at alleviating these impacts are instituted at scale and targeted to reach the poorest of the poor. There are also implications for future pandemic preparedness.
Validation of the Vaccination Trust Indicator (VTI) in a multi-country survey of adult vaccination attitudes
Authors: Ellingson Mallory K. , Omer Saad B. , Sevdalis Nick , Thomson Angus
Published: April 2023

Improved uptake of adult vaccinations could substantially reduce the burden of infectious disease worldwide, however very few countries achieve high coverage of recommended adult vaccinations. Vaccine hesitancy is an important driver of low vaccine uptake among adults but no measure currently exists to capture general vaccination attitudes in this population accurately and efficiently. We utilize data from two surveys of adult vaccine attitudes and uptake conducted in fifteen countries to evaluate the Vaccination Trust Indicator (VTI). The VTI is a six-item measure intended to capture general vaccine attitudes. We utilized multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between VTI scores and self-reported receipt of the seasonal influenza vaccine, receipt of a tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine and intent to receive the flu vaccine in the next season. In the five countries with self-reported vaccine receipt data, we found that a ten-point increase in VTI score was associated with a 50% increase in odds of influenza vaccine receipt (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.48, 1.62) and 25% increase in the odds of tetanus vaccine receipt (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.21, 1.30). Strong associations between VTI score and vaccine receipt were found in each country except China. A strong association between VTI score and intent to receive the influenza vaccine was found in all fifteen countries. The VTI is a promising tool for assessing adult immunization attitudes with clear and immediate uses for immunization programs globally.
Effect of justification of wife-beating on experiences of intimate partner violence among men and women in Uganda: A propensity-score matched analysis of the 2016 Demographic Health Survey data
Authors: Kadengye Damazo T. , Izudi Jonathan , Kemigisha Elizabeth , Kiwuwa-Muyingo Sylvia
Published: April 2023

Introduction

In some communities, rationalization of men’s controlling attitudes is associated with the justification of gender norms such as wife-beating as a method of correcting spouse behaviour. In this quasi-experimental study, we investigate the causal effects of the acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating on experiences of sexual, emotional, and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among Ugandan men and women.

Methods and materials

We analysed the 2016 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data using propensity-score matching. The exposure variable is the acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating measured on a binary scale and the outcomes are the respondent’s lifetime experiences of sexual, physical, and emotional IPV. We matched respondents who accepted gender norms justifying wife-beating with those that never through a 1:1 nearest-neighbour matching with a caliper to achieve comparability on selected covariates. We then estimated the causal effects of acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating on the study outcomes using a logistic regression model.

Results

Results showed that a total of 4,821 (46.5%) out of 10,394 respondents reported that a husband is justified in beating his wife for specific reasons. Among these, the majority (3,774; 78.3%) were women compared to men (1,047; 21.7%). Overall, we found that men and women who accept gender norms justifying wife-beating are more likely to experience all three forms of IPV. In the sub-group analysis, men who justify wife-beating were more likely to experience emotional and physical IPV but not sexual IPV. However, women who justify wife-beating were more likely to experience all three forms of IPV.

Conclusions

In conclusion, the acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating has a positive effect on experiences of different forms of IPV by men and women in Uganda. There is, therefore, a need for more research to study drivers for acceptance of gender norms justifying wife-beating to enable appropriate government agencies to put in place mechanisms to address the acceptability of gender norms justifying wife-beating at the societal level.
Calibration and validation of modeled 5-year survival predictions among people with cystic fibrosis treated with the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator modulator ivacaftor using United States registry data
Authors: McGarry Lisa J. , Bhaiwala Zahra , Lopez Andrea , Chandler Conor , Pelligra Christopher G. , Rubin Jaime L. , Liou Theodore G.
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disease characterized by life-shortening lung function decline. Ivacaftor, a CF transmembrane conductance regulator modulator (CFTRm), was approved in 2012 for people with CF with specific gene mutations. We used real-world evidence of 5-year mortality impacts of ivacaftor in a US registry population to validate a CF disease-progression model that estimates the impact of ivacaftor on survival.

Methods

The model projects the impact of ivacaftor vs. standard care in people with CF aged ≥6 years withCFTRgating mutations by combining parametric equations fitted to historical registry survival data, with mortality hazards adjusted for fixed and time-varying person-level characteristics. Disease progression with standard care was derived from published registry studies and the expected impact of ivacaftor on clinical characteristics was derived from clinical trials. Individual-level baseline characteristics of the registry ivacaftor-treated population were entered into the model; 5-year model-projected mortality with credible intervals (CrIs) was compared with registry mortality to evaluate the model’s validity.

Results

Post-calibration 5-year mortality projections closely approximated registry mortality in populations treated with standard care (6.4% modeled [95% CrI: 5.3% to 7.6%] vs. 6.0% observed) and ivacaftor (3.4% modeled [95% CrI: 2.7% to 4.4%] vs. 3.1% observed). The model accurately predicted 5-year relative risk of mortality (0.53 modeled [0.47 to 0.60] vs. 0.51 observed) in people treated with ivacaftor vs. standard care.

Conclusions

Modeled 5-year survival projections for people with CF initiating ivacaftor vs. standard care align closely with real-world registry data. Findings support the validity of modeling CF to predict long-term survival and estimate clinical and economic outcomes of CFTRm.
A capacidade absortiva e a difusão da inovação em NEBTs e startups: Um estudo no Distrito Federal brasileiro
Authors: Pereira Bruno Alencar , Farias Josivania Silva
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Verificar a contribuição da Capacidade Absortiva (ACAP) para a difusão da inovação em Novas Empresas de Base Tecnológica (NEBTs) e startups estabelecidas no Distrito Federal brasileiro. Método: Estudo de entrevistas em profundidade com 20 empreendimentos inovadores, 12 (doze) startups e 8 (oito) NEBTs. Os resultados discutem dois itens de análise: Análise do perfil dos empreendimentos e a Análise da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) e de conteúdo, em uma perspectiva comparativa acerca de 14 categorias temáticas. Resultados: Observou-se que fatores de desenvolvimento do Potencial da Capacidade Absortiva (PACAP) atuam como antecedentes da difusão da inovação. Já os fatores relacionados à Capacidade Absortiva Realizada (RACAP) estão envolvidos diretamente com a difusão da inovação, com destaque para a capacidade de gerar resultados de inovação por meio de canais de introdução mercadológica, adoção de novas tecnologias e investimentos financeiros. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: O estudo contribui para o campo teórico, ainda carente de produção especialmente regional, sobre a relação entre os construtos investigados no contexto de empreendimentos inovadores. Mecanismos de apoio, podem obter insights para aprimorarem o suporte oferecido que facilitem o acesso ao conhecimento a ser absorvido para sua conversão em inovações. Relevância/originalidade: A pesquisa amplia a compreensão da relação entre a ACAP e a difusão da inovação, envolvendo a absorção de conhecimento e a dinâmica destes construtos por meio de fatores críticos em contextos específicos ainda pouco investigados, como nas NEBTs e startups envolvendo ecossistemas regionais de inovação. Contribuições gerenciais/sociais: A investigação empírica e fatores abordados fornecem possíveis implicações gerenciais para práticas dos próprios empreendimentos ao desenvolverem inovações, bem como para o planejamento, desenvolvimento ou para o fortalecimento de ambientes e políticas de apoio.
Effect of ethanol-assisted mixing on the selected properties and homogeneity of NR/BR blends
Authors: Meng Chao
Published: April 2023

The effect of the mixing method (normal and ethanol-assisted) on selected properties of natural rubber with butadiene rubber blends (NR/BR 80/20) was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to evaluate the properties. In addition, the mechanical tensile properties, tear resistance and thermal aging, as well as vulcanization characteristic were determined. It was found that ethanol-assisted mixing can significantly improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the blends as a result of better dispersion of additives in the rubber matrix.
HUKUM ISLAM, ADAT DAN HUKUM NEGARA DALAM PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT SUKU MELAYU DI PEKANBARU RIAU: Keabsahan, Etika, dan Administrasi Perkawinan
Authors: Purnama Handika
Published: April 2023

"Adat bersendikan syarak, syarak bersendikan kitabullah" (Adat is based on sharia, and sharia is based on kitabullah) is a Malay proverb that expresses the close relationship between tradition and religion. This motto may also be seen in their marriage processions, which include merisik, meminang, tepuk tepung tawar, and a variety of others. In addition to adat and Islamic law, state law plays an important part in the Malay marriage process. The purpose of this study is to see these three orderings which exist in the Malay wedding procession in Pekanbaru, Riau. This article contends that each of these three systems when viewed from a non-conflictual standpoint, has its own role in the Malay marriage procession. The validity of the marriage is determined in part by Islamic law. Adat, or customary law, is used to control the flow of the wedding procession. In the meantime, state law serves as the marriage procession's administrator. Terdapat semboyan "adat bersendikan syarak, syarak bersendikan kitabullah" yang menggambarkan hubungan erat antara tradisi dan agama dalam masyarakat Melayu. Slogan ini juga dapat ditemukan dalam prosesi perkawinan yang dilakukan oleh mereka seperti merisik, meminang, tepuk tepung tawar, dan beberapa prosesi lainnya. Selain hukum adat dan hukum Islam, hukum negara juga memainkan peran penting dalam prosesi perkawinan di kalangan orang Melayu. Penelitian ini berfokus pada keberadaan ketiga tatanan tersebut dalam prosesi pernikahan Melayu di Pekanbaru Riau. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan relasi non konflik antar sistem hukum dalam masyarakat, artikel ini berpendapat bahwa masing-masing dari ketiga sistem tersebut memiliki perannya masing-masing dalam prosesi perkawinan orang Melayu. Hukum Islam berperan sebagai penentu sah tidaknya suatu perkawinan. Adat atau hukum adat berfungsi untuk mengatur jalannya prosesi perkawinan. Sementara itu, hukum negara berfungsi sebagai penyelenggara prosesi perkawinan.
DISPENSASI KAWIN DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA: Menjamin Kepentingan Terbaik Anak melalui Putusan Hakim
Authors: Al Hasan Fahadil Amin , Yusup Deni Kamaluddin
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the process of examining marriage dispensation cases prior to and following the enactment of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning Guidelines for Adjudicating Marriage Dispensation Cases. This paper was written using a qualitative research method, specifically normative and empirical juridical approaches. According to the findings of this study, the provisions of Supreme Court Regulation Number 5 of 2019 have explicitly regulated several things that are not specifically regulated in the formal and material rules governing marriage dispensation. The adoption of this regulation is anticipation and standardization for judges in making legal decisions so that court decisions pay more attention to the best interests of children when granting a marriage dispensation application. Makalah ini mendiskusikan tentang proses pemeriksaan perkara dispensasi kawin sebelum dan sesudah diberlakukannya Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Mengadili Perkara Dispensasi Kawin. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan makalah ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu pendakatan yuridis normatif dan yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan pada Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 telah mengatur secara tegas beberapa hal yang tidak diatur secara khusus di aturan formil maupun materil mengenai dispensasi kawin. Pemberlakuan Perma ini ialah sebagai atisipasi dan standarisasi bagi hakim dalam membuat putusan hukum agar putusan atau penetapan pengadilan lebih merperhatikan kepentingan terbaik anak ketika hendak mengabulkan permohonan dispensasi nikah
HAK CERAI PEREMPUAN DALAM HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM MAROKO
Authors: Daud Fathonah K. , Syarif Nurrohman
Published: April 2023

This paper examines the women’s right to divorce under Moroccan Islamic family law. This article relies on a statutory approach, accompanied by interviews. Most of the data were taken from Moroccan regulations on marriage. The data were also collected from books and journals on women and divorce in Moroccan Law. Additionally, interviews are conducted to enrich information. The result of this study shows that Morocco recognizes the right of woman to divorce (her husband) in two terms: tatliq li al-syiqaq and khulu'. Of these two rights, Moroccan women share an equal position with men in the chance to end marital ties. Following the divorce, Moroccan family law stipulates that joint property belongs to the wife, except for immovable assets in the husband's name. Due to this provision, Moroccan women's bargaining position is arguably strong, because they have the legal ‘power’ to negotiate whether the marriage should be continued or ended. This should encourage husbands to behave carefully of their wives during the marriage. Theoretically, Moroccan family law can be said progressive in terms of protecting the rights of women (and their child/s). Tulisan ini mengkaji hak bercerai bagi perempuan dalam undang-undang keluarga yang diterapkan di negara muslim Maroko. Artikel ini ditulis dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach) yang dilengkapi dengan wawancara. Data dikumpulkan dari peraturan-peraturan perkawinan di Maroko. Data juga didapatkan dari buku-buku dan jurnal yang membahas hak perempuan untuk bercerai. Di samping itu, data juga diperkaya melalui wawancara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Maroko mengakui hak perempuan untuk menceraikan (suaminya) dengan dua jalan, yaitu: tatliq li al-syiqaq dan khulu’. Dari kedua hak menceraikan ini, perempuan Maroko mempunyai kedudukan yang cukup imbang dengan laki-laki dalam kemampuan memutuskan ikatan perkawinan. Pasca perceraian, hukum keluarga Maroko menetapkan harta bersama jatuh kepada istri, kecuali harta tidak bergerak yang atas nama suami. Dengan ketentuan ini, posisi tawar perempuan Maroko dapat dikatakan cukup kuat karena mereka memiliki modal negosiasi apakah pernikahan dilanjutkan atau tidak. Ini menjadi isyarat bagi para suami untuk berprilaku hati-hati kepada istrinya dalam berumah tangga. Secara teoretis, hukum keluarga Maroko dapat disebut progresif dalam memberikan perlindungan kepada hak-hak perempuan, termasuk hak-hak anak-anak.
AGENCY IN THE ONLINE MATCHMAKING PLATFORM: Study of Rumah Taaruf myQuran and Mawaddah Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Ishak Tri
Published: April 2023

The emergence of the online ta'aruf matchmaking platform represents a shift in the community's religious practice from offline to online media. The matchmaking platform’s use of internet technology is a unique selling point, as it attracts a large number of members. Apart from the religious messages propagated by each platform, the emergence of the online taaruf matchmaking media is undoubtedly sustained by the agencies involved in order to attract its members. The purpose of this article is to discuss the role of agents in two online matchmaking platforms: Rumah Taaruf myQuran and Mawaddah Indonesia. This research employs an agency theory framework. Based on the data gathered, this study concludes that the success of these two platforms is a reflection of the performance of the numerous agents involved. These agents are not gender-specific, but rather multi-agency.Munculnya biro jodoh taaruf online merupakan sebuah perubahan sosial dari praktik keagamaan masyarakat dari model offline beralih menjadi online. Pemanfaatan teknologi internet oleh para biro jodoh menjadikan daya tarik tersendiri sehingga banyak yang menggunakan jasanya. Selain bersandar kepada pesan-pesan keagamaan yang dikampanyekan oleh masing-masing, kemunculan biro jodoh taaruf online tersebut tentu ditopang oleh para agensi yang terlibat sehingga sukses menjaring para pencari jodoh. Tulisan ini mengulas tentang bagaimana agen berperan dalam platform perjodohan online: Rumah Taaruf myQuran dan Mawaddah Indonesia. Penelitian ini berda pada pendekatan teori agensi. Berdasarkan data yang didapatkan, penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa kesuksesan kedua platform ini merupakan representasi dari kinerja banyak agen yang terlibat. Para agen ini tidak dipecah berdasarkkan gender melainkan multiagensi.