bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH OF MIXING LOOSE GRANULAR MATERIALS
Authors: Gucheva Natalya Vladimirovna
Published: September 2014

The experimental research results of the mixture quality in the vibration mixer with a profile bottom depending on the process life, mixer bottom geometry, and vibration parameters (amplitude and frequency of fluctuations) are presented. The technique for continuous determining the mixture quality in time is offered for investigating the process of vibratory mixing model material at the pilot unit using the video shooting, and with the footage postprocessing. The applicability domain of the offered research method of the vibration mixing process is defined. The heterogeneity coefficient is accepted as a criterion of the mixture quality assessment. Particular attention is paid to the statistical analysis of the experimental data. The experiment results are visualized and presented in the form of the mathematical relation of the mixture heterogeneity coefficient and the process life. The theoretical solutions about the dependence of the mixture quality on the mixing time are confirmed experimentally.
ENERGY CONSUMPTION MODEL OF WIRELESS SENSOR NET NODES AND ITS APPLICATION FOR INCREASING NETWORK OFFLINE OPERATION TIME
Authors: Mohsen Mohammed Neamah , Boguslavskiy Igor Vladimirovich
Published: September 2014

A proposed new model of the wireless sensor net can be applied for the network optimized energy efficiency. The optimization of the communication structurebetween nodes taking into account the capacity of the power supply unit, the amount of the information collected and transmitted by the node, as well as the energy connectivity between nodes and its quantitative assessment contributes to this. The application of this model will allow optimizing the structure of energy consumption in a wireless network to increase the time of its offline operation. (It is a case of life to the first node failure due to the power supply exhaustion.) The presented model is given in terms of the graph theory. The research relevance is proved. The approach to the problem solution based on the solution to the corresponding linear programming problem is described. The implementation of solutions in the form of a computer program is considered. The computer simulation results are described. The conclusions regarding the applicability of the technology in practice are provided.
DETERMINATION OF OPTIMAL TRAJECTORIES UNDER TREATMENT WITH ACCOUNT FOR CUTTING PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Zakovorotny Vilor Lavrentyevich , Lapshin Victor Petrovich , Gubanova Alexandra Anatolyevna
Published: September 2014

The task of selecting optimal coordinates of the switching cycles at which the controlled process performance attains a maximum is formulated. This is some refinement of the optimal control problem applied to the machining processes for the case when the treatment mode control providing stabilization of various cutting conditions occurs. A typical example of such a problem necessitating the treatment mode switching for deephole machining with twistdrills is given. The necessary optimum condition to which minimum velocity values equal among themselves correspond is proved. On this basis, a velocity calculation technique providing the time minimum is proposed. A concrete example for the case of deep pinhole machining (diameter — 2.15 mm, hole depth — 140 mm) is given. The obtained results are generalized in the case when problems on any evolutionary system control machining are solved.
Die Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud: Eine mögliche Zugangsoptimierung?
Authors: De Luca Ernesto William , Dahlberg Ingetraut
Published: September 2014

Sehr viele Informationen sind bereits im Web verfügbar oder können aus isolierten strukturierten Datenspeichern wie Informationssystemen und sozialen Netzwerken gewonnen werden. Datenintegration durch Nachbearbeitung oder durch Suchmechanismen (z. B. D2R) ist deshalb wichtig, um Informationen allgemein verwendbar zu machen. Semantische Technologien ermöglichen die Verwendung definierter Verbindungen (typisierter Links), durch die ihre Beziehungen zueinander festgehalten werden, was Vorteile für jede Anwendung bietet, die das in Daten enthaltene Wissen wieder verwenden kann. Um ­eine semantische Daten-Landkarte herzustellen, benötigen wir Wissen über die einzelnen Daten und ihre Beziehung zu anderen Daten. Dieser Beitrag stellt unsere Arbeit zur Benutzung von Lexical Linked Data (LLD) durch ein Meta-Modell vor, das alle Ressourcen enthält und zudem die Möglichkeit bietet sie unter unterschiedlichen Gesichtspunkten aufzufinden. Wir verbinden damit bestehende Arbeiten über Wissensgebiete (basierend auf der Information Coding Classification) mit der Multilingual Lexical Linked Data Cloud (basierend auf der RDF/OWL-Repräsentation von EuroWordNet und den ähnlichen integrierten lexikalischen Ressourcen MultiWordNet, MEMODATA und die Hamburg Metapher DB).
Ein umfassendes ganzheitliches Modell für Evaluation und Akzeptanzanalysen von Informationsdiensten: Das Information Service Evaluation (ISE) Modell
Authors: Schumann Laura , Stock Wolfgang G.
Published: September 2014

Informationsdienste werden heutzutage von großen Teilen der Bevölkerung im Berufs- wie im Privatleben genutzt. Es ist ein wichtiges informationswissenschaftliches Thema, Informationsdienste adäquat zu beschreiben und ihre Qualität zu bewerten. Unser Information Service Evaluation (ISE) Modell führt unterschiedliche Traditionen der Evaluations- sowie der Technologieakzeptanzforschung zusammen und besteht aus fünf Dimensionen: Qualität des Informationsdienstes, Nutzer, Informationsakzeptanz, Informationsumfeld und Zeit. Der Überblicks­artikel erläutert diese Dimension und bietet einen Einblick in ein flexibel handhabbares und umfassendes holistisches Modell der Beschreibung und Bewertung von Informationsdiensten.
On Investigating the Effectiveness of Biometric Readers in Thwarting Network Attacks: A Secure Architecture Design Proposal
Authors: Trabelsi Zouheir , Al Hemairy Mohamed , Masud Mohammad M.
Published: September 2014

Biometrics readers are deployed in many public sites and are used for user identification and verification. Nowadays, most biometrics readers can be connected to local area networks, and consequently, they are potential targets for network attacks. This article investigates the robustness of several fingerprint and iris readers against common denial of service (DoS) attacks. This investigation has been conducted using a set of laboratory experiments and DoS attack generator tools. The experiments show clearly that the tested biometric readers are very vulnerable to common DoS attacks, and their recognition performances deteriorate significantly once they are under DoS attacks. Finally, the article lists some security consideration that should be taken into consideration when designing secure biometrics readers.
The centrally cracked Brazilian disc: implications and solutions in case of closing cracks
Authors: Markides Christos F. , Pazis Dimitrios N. , Kourkoulis Stavros K.
Published: September 2014

A recently presented closed-form analytic solution for the displacement field and stress field in a cracked Brazilian disc, under uniform radial pressure along two symmetric arcs of its periphery, revealed that for a wide range of crack-axis inclinations, the lips of the crack tend to overlap each other, leading to a kind of an “unnatural” geometrical configuration. It is here proven that this behavior is a consequence of the inability of the mathematical model to simulate the change of the boundary conditions that appears (for some special configurations) in the physical problem and render the mathematical problem an “ill-posed” one. Indeed, what happens in praxis is that for a given interval of crack inclination angles, the initially stress-free lips are coming in contact and contact stresses appear violating the boundary conditions initially adopted in the mathematical model. This problem is here solved by superposing to the above-mentioned solution the respective one of an auxiliary mixed fundamental problem solved according to Muskhelishvili’s complex potentials method. In this way, physically acceptable displacement fields and stress fields are obtained all over the cracked disc independently from the crack inclination angle. In addition, the contact stresses developed along the crack lips are determined. Moreover, naturally sound formulae for the corresponding stress intensity factors (in case of cracks with lips in contact to each other) are obtained, which are of crucial engineering importance. The solution obtained enlightens some critical aspects related to the practical application of the cracked Brazilian disc as a tool for the standardized determination of the fracture toughness of brittle rock-like materials and concrete.
Mechanical compression in cross-polarization OCT imaging of skin: In vivo study and Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Kirillin Mikhail , Agrba Pavel , Kamensky Vladislav
Published: September 2014

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is rapidly advancing into clinical practice beyond the area of ophthalmology. Many applications of OCT in areas such as dermatology, endoscopy and others require contact OCT probes which transfer compression to the studied tissues. This effect should be taken into account when developing methods for OCT diagnostics. On the other hand, controlled compression can provide additional diagnostic information and can serve as a diagnostic procedure. This paper discusses the effect of controlled mechanical compression induced by an OCT probe coupled with dynamometer on cross-polarization OCT images of skin. Registration of OCT images in two polarizations (parallel and orthogonal) allows additional information to be obtained about structural features of the studied tissue. An increase in contrast of epidermis/dermis junction and a decrease in contrast of stratum corneum/epidermis junction in OCT images are shown to originate from mechanical compression of human skin
A Sustainable Lubricant Solution for Applications in Environmentally Sensitive Areas
Authors: Lämmle P. , Ruch M. , Cheval C.
Published: September 2014

Is it possible to save money and at the same time increase productivity while minimizing negative effects on the environment? Long-life oils reduce oil consumption, waste, and CO2 emissions. High-performance characteristics offer greater productivity due to reduced downtime and lead to enhanced machine reliability and availability. If oils also are biodegradable and have low toxicity, any spill will have a reduced impact on the environment. The following key factors are critical for a high-tech lubricant: technology, ecology, and economy. If criteria in these areas are addressed and well balanced, lubricant concepts will provide sustainable solutions. Because of the longer operating life of such oils, appropriate monitoring and upkeep are recommended as preventive maintenance. Through regular oil analyses, necessary measures can be taken in good time if required. Top-tier environmentally considerate lubricant (ECL) profiles (biodegradable and with low toxicity) ensure a minimal negative effect on the environment in the event of an accidental spill. Longevity leads to fewer oil changes and thus reduces CO2 emissions. Better lubricity leads to less friction, causing less energy loss or increased output in mechanical systems such as hydraulics, gear boxes, engines, and bearings in general. In this paper, several issues are discussed. A life cycle assessment is performed comparing a mineral oil and a synthetic ester-based hydraulic fluid. The benefits of top-tier ECLs with regard to their effects on air, soil, and water are differentiated. Finally, field experience with a large railway tamping machine fully equipped with responsible lubricants is reported. In addition to the technical experience acquired over several years, a reduction in CO2 emissions is illustrated, which leads to a smaller carbon footprint.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: The crosstalk between thyroid gland and adipose tissue: signal integration in health and disease
Authors: Santini Ferruccio , Marzullo Paolo , Rotondi Mario , Ceccarini Giovanni , Pagano Loredana , Ippolito Serena , Chiovato Luca , Biondi Bernadette
Published: September 2014

Obesity and thyroid diseases are common disorders in the general population and they frequently occur in single individuals. Alongside a chance association, a direct relationship between ‘thyroid and obesity’ has been hypothesized. Thyroid hormone is an important determinant of energy expenditure and contributes to appetite regulation, while hormones and cytokines from the adipose tissue act on the CNS to inform on the quantity of energy stores. A continuous interaction between the thyroid hormone and regulatory mechanisms localized in adipose tissue and brain is important for human body weight control and maintenance of optimal energy balance. Whether obesity has a pathogenic role in thyroid disease remains largely a matter of investigation. This review highlights the complexity in the identification of thyroid hormone deficiency in obese patients. Regardless of the importance of treating subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, at present there is no evidence to recommend pharmacological correction of the isolated hyperthyrotropinemia often encountered in obese patients. While thyroid hormones are not indicated as anti-obesity drugs, preclinical studies suggest that thyromimetic drugs, by targeting selected receptors, might be useful in the treatment of obesity and dyslipidemia.
N-glycan profiling of bovine follicular fluid at key dominant follicle developmental stages
Authors: Tharmalingam-Jaikaran T , Walsh S W , McGettigan P A , Potter O , Struwe W B , Evans A C O , Rudd P M , Carrington S D
Published: September 2014

Follicular fluid (FF), an important microenvironment for the development of oocytes, contains many proteins that are glycosylated withN-linked glycans. This study aimed i) to present an initial analysis of theN-linked glycan profile of bovine FF using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based separations and subsequent liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry analysis; ii) to determine differences in theN-glycan profile between FF from dominant and subordinate follicles from dairy heifers and lactating dairy cows and iii) to identify alterations in theN-glycan profile of FF during preovulatory follicle development using newly selected, differentiated (preovulatory) and luteinised dominant follicles from dairy heifers and lactating cows. We found that the majority of glycans on bovine FF are based on biantennary hypersialylated structures, where the glycans are sialylated on both the galactose andN-acetylglucosamine terminal sugars. A comparison of FFN-glycans from cows and heifers indicated higher levels of nonsialylated glycans with a lower proportion of sialylated glycans in cows than in heifers. Overall, as the follicle develops from Selection, Differentiation and Luteinisation in both cows and heifers, there is an overall decrease in sialylated structures on FFN-glycans.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A View From the Operating Theater
Authors: Vacchiano Charles A. , Wofford Kenneth A. , Titch J. Frank
Published: September 2014

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that develops following exposure to a traumatic event. The prevalence and symptom severity of PTSD is greater in military combat Veterans than the civilian population. Although PTSD is a psychiatric disorder, in Veterans, it is associated with several physical comorbidities, chronic pain, substance abuse, and worse self-reported health status which may predispose them to greater perioperative morbidity and mortality. At present, the effect of surgery on the severity of PTSD is largely unknown. However, the perioperative clinician should consider PTSD a chronic illness associated with the accumulation of risk factors across the life span.
Impact of Deployment on Military Families
Authors: Agazio Janice , Goodman Petra , Padden Diane L.
Published: September 2014

To date, approximately 300,000 families including 700,000 children have been affected by the increased and repeated number of deployments in support of the Global War on Terror in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001. The purpose of this review is to discuss the impact of these deployments on family members of active duty and reserve/guard personnel. A search of literature across the years of military conflicts reveals waves of studies emerging after World War II, the Vietnam conflict, Desert Storm/Shield, and now the most recent wars. Study designs most frequently include qualitative exploratory, survey methods, and program evaluations. The field is limited by small scale projects, service- and facility-specific samples, and knowledge extracted from related topics. More research is needed to achieve a more comprehensive understanding across the trajectory of the deployment experience for both service personnel and family members as well as long-term outcomes.
Exploring Flow among Ncaa Division I and Intramural Athletes
Authors: Peterson Ryan J. , Greenleaf Christy A.
Published: September 2014

This study explored the flow experiences of male NCAA Division I athletes ( n = 80) and intramural athletes ( n = 100). Participants completed the Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2) (Jackson, 2001) as well as several items pertaining to perceived ability. The intramural athletes reported experiencing the merging of action and awareness ( p < .05), autotelic experience ( p < .05), transformation of time ( p < .05), and having clear goals ( p < .05) more frequently than the NCAA Division I athletes. No group differences were found for perceived ability. Perceived ability was associated with merging of action and awareness ( p < .001) and perceived control ( p < .001). Together, the findings suggest different flow characteristics occur in NCAA Division I athletes as opposed to intramural athletes. Further understanding into the experience of flow and the influence of sport context are provided.
Serological response of piglets vaccinated against swine circovirus infections
Authors: Stevancevic Ognjen , Stojanac Nenad , Potkonjak Aleksandar , Toholj Bojan , Stancic Ivan , Vracar Vuk
Published: September 2014

The aim of this research was to determine the influence of immunostimulants
to the height of antibody titers specific to PCV2 after vaccination of
piglets, based on monitoring the class G antibody titers in piglets and
fattening pigs. The experiment was conducted on 60 piglets, divided into two
groups of 30 ones each. Both groups were vaccinated on the 21st day of age,
and to the second group (group B) immunostimulant was added in food. Three
weeks after the vaccination had been performed in the experimental groups,
average titer in the population of piglets in group B was 10% higher compared
to the average titer in group A, and 7 weeks after the vaccination, average
titer values were also higher in group B (EU 1589) compared to group A (1440
EU). Homogeneous immune response and higher average titer values of
antibodies against PCV2 after vaccination in group B were probably the result
of the use of immuniostimulant containing RNA, nucleotides and nucleotide
precursors that are necessary for the synthesis of antibodies.
Haemorrhagic-necrotic enteritis in heavy breeds broilers
Authors: Jezdimirovic Nemanja , Kureljusic Branislav , Ivetic Vojin , Kureljusic Jasna , Cvetojevic Dj. , Maslic-Strizak Danka , Radanovic O. , Jezdimirovic Milanka
Published: September 2014

The aim of the investigation was to determine the influence of Clostridium
perfringens type A on the development of pathomorphological substrate, its
intensity and distribution in fifteen weeks old heavy breeds broilers. The
investigation was carried out on corpses of 8 hens and 7 roosters of heavy
breeds of provenance COBB 500. After the completion of the autopsy, samples
of altered parts of jejunum and liver were taken for histopathological
examination, and jejunum intestinal contents for bacteriological examination.
In all the corpses, in open pleuroperitoneal cavity, even in situ, an altered
part of jejunum can be noticed. It was extremely dilated the entire length,
and its wall was bluish-gray with disseminated subserous punctiform blood
extravasates. When opened, semi-liquid content with blood coagulums and
patches of necrotic mucosa went out of it. By microscopic examination of
small intestine tissue cuttings, colored by HE method, there was observed a
diffuse necrosis of intestinal villi. They were desroyed and replaced by
eosinophilic structureless mass. Furthermore, there could be noticed
submucose oedema, capillary congestion and blood extravasates in mucosa, as
well as infiltration of neutrophilic granulocytes in lamina propria. These
microscopic alterations reflect hemorrhagic necrotic enteritis. By
microscopic examining of small intestine cuttings colored according to Brown
& Brenn method, colonies of bacteria in distal parts of the submucosa were
found out. Using bacteriological tests in anaerobic conditions, there was
isolated a culture identified as Clostridium perfringens. After applying of
multiplex PCR, the obtained isolate was genotyped as Clostridium perfringens
type A. On the basis of pathomorphological, bacteriological and molecular
examinations, it can be concluded that the infection of heavy breeds with
Clostridium perfringens type A is manifested by appearance of
haemorrhagic-necrotic jejunitis, that the causer penetrates deeply into
jejunum tissue and that wheat and wheat bran were a favoring factor for
proliferation of the etiological agent.
Spinal Cord Stimulation and Pain Relief in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Prospective Two-Center Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Slangen Rachel , Schaper Nicolaas C. , Faber Catharina G. , Joosten Elbert A. , Dirksen Carmen D. , van Dongen Robert T. , Kessels Alfons G. , van Kleef Maarten
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE

Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus. Unfortunately, pharmacological treatment is often partially effective or accompanied by unacceptable side effects, and new treatments are urgently needed. Small observational studies suggested that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) may have positive effects.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a multicenter randomized clinical trial in 36 PDPN patients with severe lower limb pain not responding to conventional therapy. Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned to SCS in combination with the best medical treatment (BMT) (SCS group) and 14 to BMT only (BMT group). The SCS system was implanted only if trial stimulation was successful. Treatment success was defined as ≥50% pain relief during daytime or nighttime or “(very) much improved” for pain and sleep on the patient global impression of change (PGIC) scale at 6 months.

RESULTS

Trial stimulation was successful in 77% of the SCS patients. Treatment success was observed in 59% of the SCS and in 7% of the BMT patients (P < 0.01). Pain relief during daytime and during nighttime was reported by 41 and 36% in the SCS group and 0 and 7% in the BMT group, respectively (P < 0.05). Pain and sleep were “(very) much improved” in 55 and 36% in the SCS group, whereas no changes were seen in the BMT group, respectively (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05). One SCS patient died because of a subdural hematoma.

CONCLUSIONS

Treatment success was shown in 59% of patients with PDPN who were treated with SCS over a 6-month period, although this treatment is not without risks.
Genetic Studies of Selected „Black-Fruit” Hawthorns: Crataegus Nigra WALDST. et KIT., C. Pentagyna WALDST. et KIT. and C. Chlorosarca MAXIM.
Authors: Kerényi-Nagy Viktor , Deák Tamás , Kósa Géza , Bartha Dénes
Published: September 2014

Genetic relationships of black-fruit hawthorns of the Carpathian basin have been investigated based on intergenic cpDNA sequences; first of all of the endemic Crataegus nigra and related species. Considerable infraspecific variation was detected in the East Asian taxon C. chlorosarca and some divergence in the Eurasian C. pentagyna. Based on the genetic analysis of investigated and reference psbA-trnH sequences, classification of sections Crataegus and Sanguineae is highly supported. From the studied taxa, C. pentagyna and C. monogyna was ordered to Sectio Crataegus, while C. nigra and .C. chlorosarca to Sectio Sanguineae. Based on our data, C. nigra can be considered as maternal parent of the investigated C. × degenii hybrids.
Applicability of Different Hydrological Model Concepts on Small Catchments: Case Study of Bükkös Creek, Hungary
Authors: Torma Péter , Széles Borbála , Hajnal Géza
Published: September 2014

This study aims to test and compare the applicability and performance of two different hydrological model concepts on a small Hungarian watershed. The lumped model of HEC-HMS and the semi-distributed TOPMODEL have been implemented to predict streamflow of Bükkös Creek. Models were calibrated against the highest flood event recorded in the basin in May, 2010. Validation was done in an extended interval when smaller floods were observed. Acceptable results can be achieved with the semi-distributed approach. Model comparison is made by means of sensitivity analysis of model parameters. For TOPMODEL the effect of spatial resolution of the digital terrain model while for HMS the complexity of the model setup was further explored. The results were quantified with model performance indices.
New relationship to describe the rheology of sunflower oil
Authors: Stanciu Ioana
Published: September 2014

This paper proposes two new relations of dependence of log dynamic viscosity depending on log absolute temperature shear rates between 3.3 and 120s-1. The constants A, B, and C were determined by Origin 6.0 software by fitting linear or polynomial curves obtained from experimental data. The two proposed relationships give correlation coefficients close to one.
Effects of Low Ozone Concentrations and Short Exposure Times on the Mortality of Immature Stages of the Indian Meal Moth, Plodia Interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)
Authors: Keivanloo Ensieh , Namaghi Hussein Sadeghi , Khodaparast Mohammad Hossein Haddad
Published: September 2014

In Iran, the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), is one of the most important pests of such stored products as date fruits and pistachio nuts. Ozone was applied as a gas at four concentrations (0, 2, 3, and 5 ppm) for four different periods (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) on the immature stages of P. interpunctella. The results indicated that by increasing the concentration and exposure time, the rate of mortality increased for all tested stages. This study showed that 12-day-old larvae were more susceptible than other stages when exposed to 5 ppm ozone for 120 min. The next in order of susceptibility were pupae, then 5-day-old larvae, and 17-dayold larvae had the highest sensitivity to ozonation. At the highest concentration of ozone, for the longest time, the least mortality rate was recorded for one-day-old eggs. According to the results, a reduction in the population density of P. interpunctella in laboratory experiments is promising. However, validation studies will be necessary to fully determine the potential of ozone as a replacement for the current post harvest chemical control of P. interpunctella on either pistachio nuts or date fruits.
Diversity Partitioning of Wild Bee Assemblages (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes) and Species Preferences for Three Types of Refuge Habitats in an Agricultural Landscape in Poland
Authors: Banaszak Józef , Szefer Piotr
Published: September 2014

Abstract Patterns in bee assemblages consisting of 52 core (most abundant) species in farmland in the Wielkopolska region of W Poland were analysed. The entomological material was assessed during earlier research in 1978-1993 from 18 plots in three habitat types: shelterbelts, roadsides and forest patches. At the scale of the refuge habitat size analysed here, an increase in area only slightly enhanced bee species richness. The bee assemblage structures of roadsides and forest patches differ significantly, but their indicator species do not form any well-defined ecological groups. In non-linear forest patches, the bee community structure was more homogeneous than on roadsides. These two habitat types differed significantly in their species composition. Nine significant indicator species were found, but they did not share any ecological characteristics. Three factors were found to affect significantly the responses of individual bee species in the agricultural landscape: the degree of isolation of the refuge habitat, the edge ratio, and roadsides as a refuge habitat type. A large part of the regional diversity is due to the heterogeneity of habitats within the landscape. Habitat area has little influence on the diversity of wild bees, at least within the size range analysed here. We concluded from this study that, regardless of the habitat type, the density of bees from the summer phenological period is affected by the number of food plant species. Point forest patches are habitats where summer species from the genus Andrena and the cleptoparasitic genera Nomada and Sphecodes achieve their highest abundances. Roadsides negatively affected abundances of wild bees and there were no characteristic species for this type of habitat. We hypothesised that this might be related to the specific ecological part played by this type of habitat.
Artery of Percheron infarction: review of literature with a case report
Authors: Lamot Urska , Ribaric Ivana , Popovic Katarina Surlan
Published: September 2014

Background. Clinical features indicating an ischemic infarction in the territory of posterior cerebral circulation require a comprehensive radiologic examination, which is best achieved by a multi-modality imaging approach (computed tomography [CT], CT-perfusion, computed tomography angiography [CTA], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and diffusion weighted imaging [DWI]). The diagnosis of an acute ischemic infarction, where the damage of brain tissue may still be reversible, enables selection of appropriate treatment and contributes to a more favourable outcome. For these reasons it is essential to recognize common neurovascular variants in the territory of the posterior cerebral circulation, one of which is the artery of Percheron.

Case report. A 69 year-old woman, last seen awake 10 hours earlier, presented with two typical clinical features of the artery of Percheron infarction, which were vertical gaze palsy and coma. Brain CT and CTA of neck and intracranial arteries upon arrival were interpreted as normal. A new brain CT scan performed 24 hours later revealed hypodensity in the medial parts of thalami. Other imaging modalities were not performed, due to the presumption that the window for the application of effective therapy was over. The diagnosis of an artery of Percheron infarction was therefore made retrospectively with the re-examination of the CTA of neck and intracranial arteries.

Conclusions. A multi-modality imaging approach is necessary in every patient with suspicion of the posterior circulation infarction immediately after the onset of symptoms, especially in cases where primary imaging modalities are unremarkable and clinical features are severe, where follow-up examinations are indicated.
Emergence of Virtual Reality as a Tool for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Incorporation of Motor Control and Motor Learning Principles
Authors: Levin Mindy F. , Weiss Patrice L. , Keshner Emily A.
Published: September 2014

The primary focus of rehabilitation for individuals with loss of upper limb movement as a result of acquired brain injury is the relearning of specific motor skills and daily tasks. This relearning is essential because the loss of upper limb movement often results in a reduced quality of life. Although rehabilitation strives to take advantage of neuroplastic processes during recovery, results of traditional approaches to upper limb rehabilitation have not entirely met this goal. In contrast, enriched training tasks, simulated with a wide range of low- to high-end virtual reality–based simulations, can be used to provide meaningful, repetitive practice together with salient feedback, thereby maximizing neuroplastic processes via motor learning and motor recovery. Such enriched virtual environments have the potential to optimize motor learning by manipulating practice conditions that explicitly engage motivational, cognitive, motor control, and sensory feedback–based learning mechanisms. The objectives of this article are to review motor control and motor learning principles, to discuss how they can be exploited by virtual reality training environments, and to provide evidence concerning current applications for upper limb motor recovery. The limitations of the current technologies with respect to their effectiveness and transfer of learning to daily life tasks also are discussed.
Existence of Entropy Solutions for Nonsymmetric Fractional Systems
Authors: Ibrahim Rabha , Jalab Hamid
Published: September 2014

The present work focuses on entropy solutions for the fractional Cauchy problem of nonsymmetric systems. We impose sufficient conditions on the parameters to obtain bounded solutions of L∞ . The solutions attained are unique and exclusive. Performance is established by utilizing the maximum principle for certain generalized time and space-fractional diffusion equations. The fractional differential operator is inspected based on the interpretation of the Riemann–Liouville differential operator. Fractional entropy inequalities are imposed.
Induced Voltages Ratio-Based Algorithm for Fault Detection, and Faulted Phase and Winding Identification of a Three-Winding Power Transformer
Authors: Lee Byung , Park Jung-Wook , Crossley Peter , Kang Yong
Published: September 2014

This paper proposes an algorithm for fault detection, faulted phase and winding identification of a three-winding power transformer based on the induced voltages in the electrical power system. The ratio of the induced voltages of the primary-secondary, primary-tertiary and secondary-tertiary windings is the same as the corresponding turns ratio during normal operating conditions, magnetic inrush, and over-excitation. It differs from the turns ratio during an internal fault. For a single phase and a three-phase power transformer with wye-connected windings, the induced voltages of each pair of windings are estimated. For a three-phase power transformer with delta-connected windings, the induced voltage differences are estimated to use the line currents, because the delta winding currents are practically unavailable. Six detectors are suggested for fault detection. An additional three detectors and a rule for faulted phase and winding identification are presented as well. The proposed algorithm can not only detect an internal fault, but also identify the faulted phase and winding of a three-winding power transformer. The various test results with Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP)-generated data show that the proposed algorithm successfully discriminates internal faults from normal operating conditions including magnetic inrush and over-excitation. This paper concludes by implementing the algorithm into a prototype relay based on a digital signal processor.
Maternal–Fetal Nutrient Transport in Pregnancy Pathologies: The Role of the Placenta
Authors: Brett Kendra , Ferraro Zachary , Yockell-Lelievre Julien , Gruslin Andrée , Adamo Kristi
Published: September 2014

Appropriate in utero growth is essential for offspring development and is a critical contributor to long-term health. Fetal growth is largely dictated by the availability of nutrients in maternal circulation and the ability of these nutrients to be transported into fetal circulation via the placenta. Substrate flux across placental gradients is dependent on the accessibility and activity of nutrient-specific transporters. Changes in the expression and activity of these transporters is implicated in cases of restricted and excessive fetal growth, and may represent a control mechanism by which fetal growth rate attempts to match availability of nutrients in maternal circulation. This review provides an overview of placenta nutrient transport with an emphasis on macro-nutrient transporters. It highlights the changes in expression and activity of these transporters associated with common pregnancy pathologies, including intrauterine growth restriction, macrosomia, diabetes and obesity, as well as the potential impact of maternal diet. Molecular signaling pathways linking maternal nutrient availability and placenta nutrient transport are discussed. How sexual dimorphism affects fetal growth strategies and the placenta’s response to an altered intrauterine environment is considered. Further knowledge in this area may be the first step in the development of targeted interventions to help optimize fetal growth.
Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Mechanical and Corrosion Behavior of a Newly Developed Novel Lean Duplex Stainless Steel
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Hu Jincheng , Li Jin , Jiang Laizhu , Liu Tianwei , Wu Yanping
Published: September 2014

The effect of annealing temperature (1000–1150 °C) on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion behavior of a newly developed novel lean duplex stainless steel with 20.53Cr-3.45Mn-2.08Ni-0.17N-0.31Mo was studied by means of optical metallographic microscopy (OMM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic force microscopy (MFM), scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), uniaxial tensile tests (UTT), and potentiostatic critical pitting temperature (CPT). The results showed that tensile and yield strength, as well as the pitting corrosion resistance, could be degraded with annealing temperature increasing from 1000 up to 1150 °C. Meanwhile, the elongation at break reached the maximum of 52.7% after annealing at 1050 °C due to the effect of martensite transformation induced plasticity (TRIP). The localized pitting attack preferentially occurred at ferrite phase, indicating that the ferrite phase had inferior pitting corrosion resistance as compared to the austenite phase. With increasing annealing temperature, the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of ferrite phase dropped, while that of the austenite phase rose. Additionally, it was found that ferrite possessed a lower Volta potential than austenite phase. Moreover, the Volta potential difference between ferrite and austenite increased with the annealing temperature, which was well consistent with the difference of PREN.
Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction, [6]-Gingerol and Epigallocatechin Gallate Inhibit Proliferation and Induce Apoptosis of Glioma Cancer Cells
Authors: Rahman Amirah , Makpol Suzana , Jamal Rahman , Harun Roslan , Mokhtar Norfilza , Ngah Wan
Published: September 2014

Plant bioactives [6]-gingerol (GING), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and asiaticoside (AS) and vitamin E, such as tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), have been reported to possess anticancer activity. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic properties of these bioactive compounds alone or in combination on glioma cancer cells. TRF, GING, EGCG and AS were tested for cytotoxicity on glioma cell lines 1321N1 (Grade II), SW1783 (Grade III) and LN18 (Grade IV) in culture by the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxy-phenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) (MTS) assay. With the exception of AS, combinations of two compounds were tested, and the interactions of each combination were evaluated by the combination index (CI) using an isobologram. Different grades of glioma cancer cells showed different cytotoxic responses to the compounds, where in 1321N1 and LN18 cells, the combination of EGCG + GING exhibited a synergistic effect with CI = 0.77 and CI = 0.55, respectively. In contrast, all combinations tested (TRF + GING, TRF + EGCG and EGCG + GING) were found to be antagonistic on SW1783 with CI values of 1.29, 1.39 and 1.39, respectively. Combined EGCG + GING induced apoptosis in both 1321N1 and LN18 cells, as evidenced by Annexin-V FITC/PI staining and increased active caspase-3. Our current data suggests that the combination of EGCG + GING synergistically induced apoptosis and inhibits the proliferation 1321N1 and LN18 cells, but not SW1783 cells, which may be due to their different genetic profiles.
The Chieftaincy Institution in Ghana: Causers and Arbitrators of Conflicts in Industrial Jatropha Investments
Authors: Campion Benjamin , Acheampong Emmanuel
Published: September 2014

Large-scale land acquisition in Africa has been the concern and the focus of growing global literature on land grabbing. The upswing in biofuel investments in Ghana led to large-scale land acquisitions by the private sector presided over by chiefs. This research investigates how chiefs, in playing their traditional roles in the acquisition of land and as arbitrators, were, in most instances, the cause and the solution to the ensuing conflicts in the various communities. Data was collected through interviews, use of questionnaires and focus group discussions. Some of the conflict issues include loss of farmlands or other communal lands, disagreements on the land acquisition processes, the quantum and mode of execution of compensation payments and the existence or contents of social responsibility agreements. Furthermore, the use of negotiation, mediation and courts by people in these communities relative to arbitration by chiefs is increasing. The Government of Ghana needs to strengthen the public sector land institutions and put in place stronger and binding mechanisms for resolving disputes arising from large-scale acquisitions of land to cushion the effect of the weakening confidence in the chieftaincy institution.
Aux fondements de l'écoute centrée sur la personne
Authors: Randin Jean-Marc , Leal Mauricio , Aguet César , Chabloz Valérie , Richter Jonathan
Published: September 2014

Comment débuter la pratique de l’écoute en Approche centrée sur la personne ? Comment apprendre à pratiquer ce type particulier de relation d’aide, avant d’être face à des personnes en réel besoin d’être entendues ? Rédigé par trois psychologues au sortir de leur cursus universitaire, un infirmier et un formateur, ce texte est un écrit à plusieurs voix, basé sur une expérience commune de formation pratique. Il présente le cadre, le contexte et le dispositif de formation utilisé et relate les débuts du parcours d’apprentissage, ses obstacles et ses exigences. Il montre combien l’essence des conditions nodales de congruence, regard positif inconditionnel et compréhension empathique est difficile à intégrer. Il met aussi en évidence certains des critères fondamentaux que doit remplir le psychothérapeute centré sur la personne, soulignant plusieurs des fausses croyances dont il lui faut au contraire se départir. Il illustre enfin combien cette pratique relève d’une manière d’être et comment le thérapeute est la principale limite de son écoute. Le texte alterne entre témoignages, réflexions tirées de l’expérience et commentaires théoriques, faisant le lien entre la pratique et la théorie de la relation thérapeutique.
Le pouvoir de guérison de l'amour de soi
Authors: Freire Elisabeth , Dreyfus-Asséo Sylvie
Published: September 2014

L’amour, exprimé au travers du regard positif inconditionnel, est ce qui donne à la psychothérapie centrée sur la personne son pouvoir de guérison. Partant du sens étymologique de la psychothérapie comme « guérison de l’âme », l’auteure aborde, dans un style libre et très personnel, l’importance du regard positif inconditionnel du thérapeute. Ce regard est ce qui permet au client, au sein de la relation thérapeutique, de se sentir estimé et de pouvoir exister dans son humanité profonde. L’expérience d’acceptation inconditionnelle, profondément transformatrice, est de ce fait au cœur même du processus de guérison.
Les valeurs de l'Approche centrée sur la personne en soins palliatifs
Authors: Magerl Heidi , Zeller Odile
Published: September 2014

Cet article part du constat que notre société accorde plus d’importance qu’autrefois à l’accompagnement des personnes en fin de vie et aux personnes confrontées au deuil. L’engagement de nombreux professionnels et bénévoles ainsi que le développement de services de soins palliatifs dans les hôpitaux en sont la conséquence. L’auteure établit le lien entre l’Approche centrée sur la personne et la démarche palliative. Elle questionne notamment la tendance actualisante et le besoin d’accomplissement personnel face au bouleversement majeur qu’est l’approche de la mort et évoque les remaniements existentiels de la fin de vie. L’attitude centrée sur la personne inspire une culture de soins dans laquelle la qualité relationnelle et l’écoute attentive proposées par les soignants sont des critères de qualité essentiels de l’approche palliative. Le texte propose enfin une réflexion sur les personnes qui accompagnent la fin de vie et vivent le deuil. Il insiste sur la nécessité de formation permanente pour les équipes pluridisciplinaires.
Le piège territorial
Authors: Agnew John , Dufoix Stéphane
Published: September 2014

Résumé Quand bien même le pouvoir politique serait territorial, la territorialité n’implique pas nécessairement les pratiques d’exclusion mutuelle totale que lui attribuent les conceptions dominantes de l’État moderne. Cependant, dans les théories des relations internationales, lorsqu’il est question de la territorialité d’un État, la discussion est presque toujours menée dans les termes de la persistance ou de l’obsolescence d’un État territorial compris comme une entité inchangée et non dépendante des circonstances historico-géographiques variées. Cette approche est remise en question par les évènements contemporains. La fin de la Guerre froide, la vélocité et la volatilité croissantes de l’économie mondiale et l’émergence de mouvements politiques hors du cadre des États territoriaux, suggèrent qu’il faut comprendre la territorialité des États dans un contexte historique. Les trois présupposés géographiques sur lesquels s’appuie la pensée orthodoxe (les États comme des unités fixes d’espace souverain, la polarité intérieur/étranger et les États comme des « conteneurs » des sociétés) aboutissent à un « piège territorial ».
Au-delà du nationalisme méthodologique : l'interculturel sans essentialisme
Authors: Dervin Fred
Published: September 2014

Résumé Cet article programmatique vise à proposer une nouvelle définition de l’interculturel capable de résister aux sirènes du nationalisme méthodologique. L’interculturel est une notion polysémique qui pose de plus en plus de problèmes pour décrire notre postmodernité. C’est notamment pour son association quasi systématique avec le nationalisme méthodologique (« culture nationale ») que la notion est critiquée. Dans cet article, nous proposons de questionner l’interculturel mais aussi d’examiner et de problématiser les nouvelles formes de « -ismes » qui sont apparus ces dernières années pour remplacer le nationalisme méthodologique. L’article propose quelques arguments pour sortir de l’impasse.
Vers une explication interactionniste du développement de l'excellence sportive
Authors: Véronique Richard , Wayne Halliwell
Published: September 2014

L’atteinte de l’excellence sportive est un sujet qui soulève de nombreux débats dans le domaine sportif. Afin d’expliquer ce phénomène, certains chercheurs adoptent une position environnementaliste, d’autres optent plutôt pour une approche biologique, tandis que d’autres encore orientent leur recherche vers une approche psychologique. Dans le but de mettre en relation les connaissances générées par ces différents axes de recherche, le présent article offre une synthèse de la littérature scientifique entourant le développement de l’expertise dans le sport et discute les limites des différentes approches méthodologiques. Suite à cette revue, une approche interactionniste est mise de l’avant afin de proposer une nouvelle vision du développement de l’excellence sportive et ainsi inspirer de nouvelles pistes d’interventions et de recherches.