bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Versatile Applications of Friction Stir Techniques in Composite Hybridization Across Industries
Authors: Ghinous Rachida , Malki Mounia , Essadiqi Elhachmi , Faqir Mustapha
Published: July 2024

Friction stir techniques hold significant value in the field of composite hybridization in a variety of industrial areas. This chapter explores the various uses of friction stir techniques and explains how they can enhance the mechanical, thermal, and structural properties of composite materials. Through careful analysis of the literature and case studies, this chapter examines how friction stir techniques are transforming manufacturing processes in the aerospace, automotive marine, and renewable energy industries. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the unique advantages offered by friction stir techniques including improved joint strength reduced weight, enhanced corrosion resistance, and superior fatigue performance, thus presenting a compelling case for the widespread adoption. The chapter also addresses current research projects and prospective future directions for friction stir technology, emphasizing its potential to drive innovation and sustainability across diverse industrial domains. This exploration not only underscores the immense potential of friction stir techniques but also illuminates the crucial role they play in shaping the future of composite materials across a spectrum of applications.
Sustainability and Life Cycle Assessment of Friction Stir Welding on AA2014 Alloy Under Different Conditions
Authors: Mystica A. , Senthil Kumar V. S. , Harinivas S. , Raman K.
Published: July 2024

Friction stir welding (FSW) is an environmentally friendly process that requires cooling to remove the dissipated heat resulting in increased welding efficiency. The current study evaluates and compares the sustainable effect of FSW under dry, submerged and n-MQL condition. The temperature, torque and consumed energy under the specified conditions are recorded and analysed. n-MQL is found to consume the lowest energy. Life cycle assessment is employed to analyse and compare the environmental and health impact of the different cooling conditions. The life cycle impact assessment and the life cycle inventory were performed using Simapro 9.2 software and the Ecoinvent V3 database, respectively. Consumed energy is observed to majorly influence the impact categories: human health, ecosystem quality, climate change and resources. Of the compared FSW conditions, n-MQL is found to have lesser impact on the environment and human health.
Central Bank Digital Currency and Its Implications for Global Financial Systems
Authors: Sanjaya Karun
Published: July 2024

Central bank digital currency (CBDC), the recently emergent digital representation of central bank currency, reflects a rapid expansion in the monetary response space. This chapter focuses on global CBDCs, how this innovation evolves globally, their effect or disruption to the existing financial ecosystem, and analyzing the likely opportunities and threats that they may pose to central banks, governments, financial institutions, and consumers at large: The research will highlight the comparisons among existing CBDC projects, the relevant policies, and the technology behind it to provide a clue behind the future of money and shape its world.
Central Bank Digital Currency
Authors: Foo Lee Peng , Ooi Daniel Boon Yann , Chang Kwok-Boon
Published: July 2024

In an era characterized by rapid digitalization and technological advancement, the global financial landscape is undergoing a transformative shift, with the central bank digital currency (CBDC) emerging as a ground-breaking innovation. CBDC are a digital form of sovereign currency issued by a country's central bank, designed to complement traditional forms of money while leveraging the efficiency and security of blockchain technology. This revolutionary concept has garnered significant attention from policymakers, economists, and technologists worldwide, as nations explore the potential benefits and implications of integrating CBDC into their monetary systems. Amidst this global exploration, China stands out as a pioneer in the development and implementation of CBDC. The Chinese government's proactive approach to CBDC underscores the strategic importance it places on technological innovation, financial inclusion, and maintaining economic sovereignty in an increasingly digitized world.
DLT-Based Central Bank Digital Currency Wholesale Countries
Authors: Silva Elcelina Carvalho , Mira da Silva Miguel
Published: July 2024

This chapter aims to analyze the use of distributed ledger technology (DTL) for interbank payments by investigating the research that central banks are doing to propose DLT-based wholesale central bank digital currency (W-CDBC). The findings reveal that countries are researching W-CBDC using mostly experiment research methods publishing their research through study papers, experiment papers, and projects. The DLT-based W-CBDC is being tested by countries to implement use cases such as the decentralized real time gross settlement system, the tokenized syndicated loan, the tokenization of bonds, the tokenization of assets, the securities settlement, the delivery versus payment, and the implementation of liquidity-saving mechanism. Central bank research is commonly focused on the technological dimension of W-CBDC implementation. This chapter contributes to a better understanding of the trends in implementing W-CBDC and gives researchers, central banks, and IT developers more knowledge to further the research in their countries.
Evaluating Knowledge, Perception, and Adoption of Enaira Among Rural Dwellers
Authors: Ojubanire Olugbenga Ayo , Adedeji Oluwaseun Precious , Oke Oluwatosin Ifedayo , Olaleye Sunday Adewale , Ojubanire Oluwaseun Abigail , Fasanya Subaidat Abike
Published: July 2024

E-naira is an electronic currency issued by the Nigerian government, controlled by the Central Bank of Nigeria, which was introduced in October 2021. The eNaira is the digital representation of Naira cash notes. This study assessed the knowledge, perception and adoption of eNaira among rural people and the impact on digital currency in Nigeria. A well-structured interview guide was adopted in this study wherein data was collected from 15 individuals and a focus group discussion consisting of 13 participants and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study reported that the knowledge level of eNaira among rural dwellers is extremely low; all the participants have no knowledge about eNaira, their perception of eNaira is also negative and lastly the adoption of eNaira is influenced by several factors such as level of education, access to smart phones, digital literacy. The study recommended that relevant authorities to bridge the gap in information dissemination and implement educational campaigns to promote knowledge of eNaira for financial inclusion in the rural areas.
Research on Library Resource Management Based on Modern Information Technology and Reconfigurable Mobile Information System
Authors: Zhang Fengbin
Published: July 2024

Library resource library management based on modern information technology and reconfigurable mobile information systems have attracted much attention from researchers of academia. This paper introduces the LSTM model into the field of Chinese library resource management, and tries to propose a classification system with practical application value. The main research work:The Chinese library resource is designed LSTM model, and three experiments are designed on this basis: the coarse-grained book single classification experiment, different measures on the classification results; the fine-grained book single classification experiment, to compare The advantages and disadvantages of direct classification and layer-by-layer classification; coarse-grained book multi-classification experiments to explore the feasibility of multi-classification. After analyzing the experimental results, the model has achieved a good classification effect, and overcomes some deficiencies in the library resource library predecessors, and has a strong practical application value.
The biblical sources of morality
Authors: Ghidelli Carlo
Published: July 2024

In the context of a “Residential Course in Bioethics,” this report obviously stands as a contribution at the foundational level. In this respect it relates to other reports, from which, however, it must be clearly and adequately distinguished. In other words, I intend to respect to the utmost the biblical framework that has been indicated to me and that I now point out to you as a fertile and promising field for every man of good will who intends to ethically ground his prass.
The animal, man and the Creator
Authors: Sgreccia Elio
Published: July 2024

Not available.
Proportion of sleep-related breathing disorders and their association with echocardiographic parameters in stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional observational exploratory study
Authors: Prakash Vipul , Kumar Arjun , Saini Lokesh Kumar , Kumar Barun , Sindhwani Girish , Sharma Prakhar , Dua Ruchi , Gupta Ravi , Mishra Mayank
Published: July 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. The coexistence of COPD and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (i.e., overlap syndrome) has been reported in several studies. Both disorders independently increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. Hence, there is a theoretical possibility that cardiovascular parameters may be worse in patients with overlap syndrome compared to those with only COPD. However, this has been sparsely assessed in the literature. This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics, echocardiography, and sleep parameters amongst COPD patients with and without sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD). This observational, cross-sectional study included 30 patients with stable COPD. All participants underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, followed by level 1 polysomnography (PSG). Each participant underwent echocardiographic evaluation to estimate mean pulmonary artery pressure from right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Based on their PSG findings, participants were classified into non-SRBD and SRBD groups. Both groups were further compared with respect to clinical characteristics, echocardiographic, and PSG parameters. We found that most of the participants (93.3%) were male, and the mean age of the study population was 56±8.2 years. The only SRBD identified in this study was OSA, which was observed in 80% of participants. In this group, OSA was not associated with obesity. Systemic hypertension (50%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by diabetes mellitus (26.67%), but both were not significantly different between the groups. The mean RVSP was significantly higher amongst OSA patients than non-OSA patients (41.25±14.98 versus 30.83±5.84, respectively; p=0.01). OSA was seen in 80% of participants with stable COPD, even in the absence of obesity. The presence of OSA was associated with a higher RVSP in this patient group.
Impaired glycemic control as a risk factor for reduced lung function in the Indian diabetic population
Authors: Kaur Rozandeep , Uppal Neha , Uppal Vibha , Sharma Anju
Published: July 2024

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome associated with chronic hyperglycemia, which results in various acute and chronic complications. DM leads to a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, which can have adverse effects on pulmonary functions. There have been contradictory studies related to the relationship between defects in lung functions in diabetic individuals and their correlation with glycemic control and systemic inflammatory markers. The present study aims to compare pulmonary function in controlled and uncontrolled diabetes in the Indian population while exploring the link between inflammatory markers and lung functions in diabetic patients. This observational, case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research in Amritsar, Punjab, on 116 subjects suffering from DM in the age group of 30-65 years. 58 diabetic patients with poor glycemic control [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)>7%] and 58 diabetic patients with good glycemic control served as controls (HbA1c≤7%). The duration of the study was two years. Blood samples of each patient were investigated for glycemic control, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and serum fibrinogen. Spirometry as a pulmonary function test was undertaken for all participants. The statistical analysis of good and poor glycemic control diabetics showed that the average duration of disease (in years) was 8±5 and 10.2±5.4, respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between inflammatory markers (hsCRP and fibrinogen) and HbA1c and fasting blood glucose. A substantial decline in forced vital capacity and normal values of forced expiratory volume in the first second was observed in poor glycemic control diabetics, depicting a restrictive pattern of lung disease. Lung damage is seen to be more prevalent in patients with a longer duration of disease and increased levels of inflammatory markers. Chronic inflammation due to DM can lead to fibrosis and destruction of lung tissue, resulting in the development of diabetic lung disease, which includes a decline in lung function, an increased risk of infection, and an increased risk of respiratory failure. Therefore, it is essential for individuals with DM to have regular pulmonary function tests and to manage their diabetes to minimize the impact on their lung health.
Spirometry findings of chronic lung disease in high-altitude residents of Ladakh (>11000 feet above sea level)
Authors: Spalgais Sonam , Yadav Siddharth Raj , Mrigpuri Parul , Kumar Raj
Published: July 2024

Ladakh is a hilly Himalayan dry desert, situated at an altitude of >11000 feet. Studies have demonstrated that the spirometric values of high-altitude residents are significantly higher than those of low-landers. This is a retrospective observational study that analyzes the spirometry pattern in chronic lung diseases among people from Ladakh. Enrolled subjects were clinic-radiologically diagnosed and had at least one spirometry report. The spirometric parameters were analyzed for normal and abnormal patterns of lung function. The abnormal patterns were further classified into types of ventilator defects and their severity. A total of 122 cases were included, with 67 (55%) men. The mean age was 52.2±15.4 years. The most common diseases were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 51 cases (41%), and asthma in 41 (33%). The median predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC) was 116% (63-179%) with >100% in 105 (85%) patients. The median predicted percentage of the forced expiratory volume in the 1st second (FEV1) was 113% (99-175%) with >100% in 90 (74%) patients. FVC was reduced in 9 (7%) cases, normal in 62 (51%), and more than normal in 49 (42%), with 11 (9%) cases having >150% of the predicted percentage. FEV1 was reduced in 9 (8%) cases, normal in 67 (55%), and more than normal in 46 (37%) cases, with >150% predicted seen in 10 (8%) cases. Similarly, overall, the predicted percentages of both FVC and FEV1 were >100% in all obstructive airway diseases as well as in the separate COPD and asthma subgroups. FVC and FEV1 amongst chronic lung disease patients from Ladakh were more than normal in the majority. These higher values of spirometry led to incorrect disease severity classifications and disease patterns. We propose that studies should be done to devise local reference equations for spirometry for Himalayan high-altitude residents of India.
Regional lake-sediment geochemical data from northern Manitoba (NTS 064-J and 064-K): reanalysis data and QA/QC evaluation
Authors: Amor S. D. , Couëslan C. G. , Gauthier M. S. , Martins T. , McCurdy M. W. , Day S. J. A. , Adcock S. W.
Published: July 2024

Ce rapport présente les résultats des données géochimiques, de l’assurance de la qualité et du contrôle de la qualité de la réanalyse d’échantillons de sédiments lacustres prélevés dans le nord du Manitoba (SNRC 064-J et 064-K). Les programmes d’échantillonnage originaux ont été menés en 1975, et les résultats sont présentés dans les dossiers publiques 320 (SNRC 064-J) et 321 (SNRC 064-K) de la Commission géologique du Canada. Des échantillons de sédiments lacustres provenant de 1 798 sites ont été réanalysés, couvrant une superficie d’environ 26 000 km2, avec une densité moyenne d’un échantillon par 13 km2. Les échantillons ont également été réanalysés à partir de programmes plus détaillés menés la même année, dans les coins nord-ouest et nord-est du SNRC 064-J et 064-K, respectivement, donnant 208 échantillons supplémentaires et une densité moyenne d’un échantillon par 7 km2 sur une superficie d’environ 3 000 km2. Les échantillons ont été mesurés pour 65 éléments par l’intermédiaire de l’aqua-régia modifié – ICP-MS, et pour 35 éléments par l’INAA. Afin d’assurer des données géochimiques de haute qualité, l’exactitude, la précision et l’aptitude à l’utilisation ont été évaluées.
Correlation between genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of patients with scrub typhus in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Long Jiali , Zeng Ziyi , Chen Haiyan , Tao Xia , Wu Xinwei , Chen Shouyi , Fang Liqun , Zhang Xiuqing , Xu Jianxiong , Zhang Lin , Wei Yuehong
Published: July 2024

Objective:

To explore the correlation between genotypes of Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus patients.

Methods:

Clinical data of patients with scrub typhus admitted to different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou from September 2012 to December 2016 were collected using medical records. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, as well as hematological and biochemical indicators of patients infected with different genotypes were analyzed and compared.

Results:

A total of 192 patients were included in this study, including 121 patients with Karp genotype of O. tsutsugamushi infection (63.0%), 36 patients with Gilliam genotype (19.0%), 23 patients with Kato genotype (12.0%), and 12 patients with TA763 genotype (6.0%) infection. The median value of albumin in patients with Karp genotype infection was significantly lower than that of Gilliam-infected patients (P=0.032). Patients with Karp genotype infection had a significantly longer hospital stay (9 days) than those with Gilliam genotype (7 days) (P=0.009) and Kato genotype infection (6 days) (P=0.005). Karp-infected patients also represented for the largest number of patients with complicated organ involvement (88/133, 66.2%). Furthermore, Karp-infected patients had higher risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (18.2%) and requiring intensive care unit treatment (15.9%). Besides, patients with Gilliam genotype (8 days) and TA763 genotype infection (7.5 days) had shorter fever duration than those with Karp genotype (9 days) and Kato genotype (9 days) infection, respectively.

Conclusions:

Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi were associated with varying clinical manifestations, organ involvement, and treatment outcomes, suggesting that genotypes ranged in virulence.
Therapeutic role of Arabic gum against nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetes and nephropathy in Wistar rats
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , Mosa Nermeen M. , Abou- Seif Howida S.
Published: July 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by diabetic nephropathy and also causes a lot of suffering and death for people with diabetes, as one of the worst long-term complications. Arabic gum (AG) has been reported to have antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects.

Objective

The goal of this study was to scrutinize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of AG against nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats.

Materials and methods

The experiment involved three groups of 18 adult male Wistar rats (six each). The normal control group received 0.9% NaCl orally for 8 weeks. The diabetic group received NA intraperitoneal injection (120 mg/kg b.w.) followed by 60 mg/kg body weight (bw) STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) after 15 min. After confirming the induction of diabetes, animals received 0.9% NaCl orally for 8 weeks. The AG-treated diabetic group received 20 mg AG/kg bw/day orally for 8 weeks after diabetes induction.

Results and conclusion

Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia which was confirmed by increased levels of serum fasting glucose and fructosamine. Elevated serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin c, and sodium levels were noticed in the serum of diabetic rats while potassium levels were markedly reduced reflecting nephropathy. Oxidative stress was evident in the diabetic kidney, as indicated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). AG administration ameliorated elevated fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine levels as well as the kidney function parameters in serum. AG also attenuated oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity in the diabetic kidney. Immune-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor suppressor protein (p53) expression were significantly upregulated in diabetic rats, but AG produced a downregulation of them.

Thus, AG possesses an antidiabetic effect and has a nephropreventive effect that was manifested by a decrease of urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin c and sodium. AG also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and minimizes histopathological alterations in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Despite these ameliorative effects, the efficacy and safety of AG as an adjunct drug for diabetic kidney disease needs to be validated by more scientific research.
Review on DDoS Attack in Controller Environment of Software Defined Network
Authors: Vaghela Gunjani , Sanghani Nishant , Borisaniya Bhavesh
Published: July 2024

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks pose a significant threat to the security and availability of networks. With the increasing adoption of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and its multi-controller architectures, there is a need to explore effective DDoS attack detection mechanisms tailored to these environments. An overview of the current research on detecting DDoS attacks in SDN environments, with a focus on different detection techniques, methodologies and problems is presented in this survey paper. The survey attempt to identify the limitations and strengths of current approaches and propose potential research directions for improving DDoS detection in this context.
Low‐resolution activity recognition using super‐resolution and model ensemble networks
Authors: Liu Tinglong , Wang Haiyan
Published: July 2024

In real‐world video super‐resolution, the complexity and diversity of degradations pose substantial challenges during both training and inference. Videos captured in real‐world settings often depict activities at varying resolutions. Typically, these activities are filmed from a distance that reduces the resolution of imagery, which thus lacks discriminative features. To address this problem, we introduce an activity recognition solution. First, a unique integration of data transformation and attention‐based average discriminator are employed for super‐resolution feature augmentation. This approach mitigates the lack of discriminative cues in low‐resolution videos. Subsequently, high‐resolution features extracted from the recovered data are directly fed into a model ensemble for activity recognition. We evaluate the resulting method on the TinyVIRAT‐v2 and HMDB51 datasets, achieving improved visual quality by leveraging the super‐resolution and model ensemble strategy. The proposed method enhances the quality of textures and boosts activity recognition in low‐resolution videos.
Precision Enhancement in Tough Polylactic Acid Material Extrusion: A
Systematic Response Surface Investigation for Sustainable
Manufacturing
Authors: Moradi Mahmoud , Rezayat Mohammad , Meiabadi Saleh , Fakhir A. Rasoul , Shamsborhan Mahmoud , Casalino Giuseppe , Karamimoghadam Mojtaba
Published: July 2024

This research systematically explores the significant impact of geometrical
dimensions within fused deposition modeling (FDM), with a focus on the influence
of raster angle and interior fill percentage. Through meticulous experimentation
and the application of response surface modeling (RSM), the influence on
critical parameters such as weight, length, width at ends, width at neck,
thickness, maximum load, and elongation at tensile strength is thoroughly
analyzed. The study, supported by ANOVA, highlights the notable effects of
raster angle and interior fill percentage, particularly on width at ends, width
at neck, and thickness. During the optimization phase, specific
parameters—precisely, a raster angle of 31.68 and an interior fill percentage of
27.15—are identified, resulting in an exceptional desirability score of 0.504.
These insights, substantiated by robust statistical data, fill a critical gap in
the understanding of 3D-printed parts, offering practical recommendations for
superior mechanical performance across diverse applications.
LTE Vehicle-to-Everything (LTE-V2X) Deployment Profiles and Radio Parameters for Single Radio Channel Multi-Service Coexistence
Authors:   C-V2X Technical Committee
Published: July 2024

This SAE Standard describes a reference system architecture based on LTE-V2X technology defined in the set of ETSI standards based on 3GPP Release 14. It also describes cross-cutting features unique to LTE-V2X PC5 sidelink (mode 4) that can be used by current and future application standards. The audience for this document includes the developers of applications and application specifications, as well as those interested in LTE-V2X system architecture, testing, and certification.
Editorial message
Authors: Abraham Haileamlak
Published: July 2024

editorial message from the E-I-C of the the journal.
Prevalence of Low Self-esteem and Mental Distress among Undergraduate Medical Students in Jimma University: A Cross- Sectional Study
Authors: Netsanet Workneh Gidi  , Ararsa Horesa  , Habtemu Jarso  , Workineh Tesfaye  , Gudina Terefe Tucho  , Siraneh Mubarek Abera , Jemal Abafita
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Medical students often experience chronic stress. Self-esteem is one of the most important factors in the process of psychosocial growth and has remarkable effect on thoughts, feelings, values, and goals. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of low self-esteem (LSE) and mental distress among Medical Students of Jimma University.METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jimma University from June to July, 2018. Self-esteem was measured with Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Self-administered Short form with General Health Questionnaire was used to assess presence of mental distress.RESULT: Out of 422 students enrolled to the study, 279 (66.1%) were male, and 413 (97.9 %) were 18 to 25 years of age. The prevalence of LSE and mental distress were 19.0%, and 19.7 %, respectively. Students who had LSE had 5 times higher risk of having mental distress, AOR= 5.1 (95% CI, 2.9-8.9). Moreover, female students had higher risk of developing mental distress (AOR=1.9, 95% CI, 1.1-3.3). Students who had poor social support were 4.3 times at higher risk of developing LSE, AOR=4.3 (95% CI, 1.9-9.8). Those who reported to have poor academic performance were also more likely to have LSE AOR= 3.7 (95% CI, 1.3- 10.0).CONCLUSION: One in five medical students had LSE and it is strongly associated with metal distress. Female students were at higher risk of mental distress. Preventive, curative and rehabilitative mental health services should be available for medical students with particular attention to those with poorsocial support.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Exercise and Return to Previous Activities in Patients Referring to Hospitals of Rasht during 2015-2017
Authors: Manouchehr Aghajanzadeh  , Mohammad Taghi Ashoobi  , Seyyed Mostafa Zia Ziabari  , Mohammad Reza Asgary  , Ramin Ebrahimiyan  , Ali Alavi Fomani  , Alirza Jafarnejad  , Azita Tangestaninejad
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The most common cause of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is subpleural bleb apical rupture. Little is known about the relationship between PSP and exercise and return to exercise the time. In this study, we tend to investigate the relationship between training and PSP and time of return to exercise and previous activities.METHOD: This study was designed as a case series and the sample size included all patients diagnosed with PSP in Razi and Poursina and Aria hospitals of Rasht during 2015-2017 based on inclusion criteria. Variables were analyzed using Fisher's exact test, Chi-square, Mann Whitney U and t-test (p<0.05).RESULTS: The most common treatment type in patients was transaxillary thoracotomy with pleurodesis with iodine (TTP) in 58.2% and tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis in 41.7%, which was not statistically significant between athletes and non-athletes (p=0.806). Athletes who underwent TTP after four weeks and those treated with tube thoracostomy and pleurodesis after 8-12 weeks were advised to return to their previous activity. Of athletes, 9.5% had a recurrence; of non-athletes, 9.8% had a recurrence. Of athletes, 4.8% did not tolerate returning to their last activity; of non-athletes, 7.3% did not tolerate returning to their previous activity regardless of treatment, and this difference was not significant.CONCLUSION: Our study showed no significant difference between clinical manifestations and image findings and the frequency of treatment and complications in both athlete and non-athlete patients. There is no increase in recurrence and intolerance at the time recommended for return to previous activity.
Risky Sexual Practice among Street Dwelling People in Southern Ethiopia: A mixed-Method Study
Authors: Negash Wakgari  , Terefe Woyo  , Emnet Kebede  , Hirut Gemeda  , Samson Gebremedhin  , Wakgari Binu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ The number of street dwellers in major cities in Ethiopia is rapidly increasing. However, their sexual health needs are not that much studied. Hence, this study assessed risky sexual practice and associated factors among street dwelling people in southern Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study employing a mixed method was conducted. For the quantitative part, a snowball sampling technique was made to conduct face-to-face interviews among 842 respondents. In-depth interviews among street dwellers and key informant interviews among stakeholders were conducted to collect qualitative data. A pre-tested and structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. The collected data were entered using Epidata and exported to SPSS for analysis, and qualitative data analyzed by thematic analysis approach.RESULTS: About one third, 266(31.6%), of the participants had risky sexual practices within the last year of the study period. Sexual violence such as gang rape and same-sex practice were reported qualitatively. Male respondents (AOR: 3.24, 95%CI:2.09-5.02) had a more likelihood of risky sexual practice than females. Living in Dilla (AOR: 9.62, 95%CI: 4.49-20.58) and Wolaita Soddo towns (AOR: 14.35, 95%CI: 6.29-32.69) had also a more likelihood of risky sexual practice than living in Hawassa. Moreover, the daily average income of 21-50 Birr (AOR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.29-0.92) had a less likelihood of risky sexual practice compared to those with a daily average income of 5-20 Birr.CONCLUSION: Risky sexual practice among street dwelling people is found high. The Federal Ministry of Health and other stakeholders should work to cut risky sexual practices among street dwelling people.
How Do Mothers Take Care of Their Infants with Colic Pain? A Mixed-Method Study
Authors: Behnaz Bagherian  , Roghayeh Mehdipour-Rabori  , Monirsadat Nematollahi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Colic pain is one of the main reasons for stress and anxiety in infants' parents, especially mothers, and there is still no specific treatment. Thus, mothers always try their best to relieve their infants' pain. The researchers attempted to investigate how mothers take care of their infants with colic.METHODS: This study was conducted with a mixed-method approach and a sequential explanatory design. In the quantitative phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess how to control pain. One hundred fifty mothers of infants with colic living in Kerman, Iran, were chosen by convenience sampling. In the qualitative phase, the researchers interviewed 18 mothers using semi-structured in-depth, and face-to-face approaches. These participants were selected by purposive sampling method. The interviews were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method.RESULTS: In the quantitative phase, the mothers' most common methods to relieve colic pain were herbal medicines (3.55±0.51) and the change of position (3.35±0.67). The least methods used were probiotics (1.4±0.2) and acupuncture (0). In the qualitative phase, the main theme was "mothers support needs for care," which includes the following subcategories: "lack of trust in doctor"; "full-time care "; "feeling of inadequacy," "persistent anxiety, "care without help," and "looking for ways to control pain."CONCLUSION: Mothers need support to relieve their infants' colic. The provision of educational and psychological supportive packages can be helpful for the mothers. In addition, nurses can help mothers improve their quality of care.
Comparison of the Inguinal and High Scrotal Approaches for the Treatment of Inguinal Hernias in Boys
Authors: Adebayo Gbenga Tanimola  , Ademola Olusegun Talabi  , Oludayo Adedapo Sowande  , Olusanya Adejuyigbe
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ The conventional groin incision herniotomy is still being adhered to despite high success rate of high scrotal approach. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of high scrotal and conventional approaches for the treatment of inguinal hernia in boys.METHODS: A prospective study of 100 boys with 108 inguinal hernias whose ages were less than 15 years. They were randomized into 2 groups; high scrotal and conventional approaches. Ninety-four patients with 101 hernias were analyzed. The operative time, conversion rate (high scrotal approach), and postoperative complications were reported.Results: A total of 100 boys with 108 hernias were enrolled but 94 patients with 101 hernias were analyzed. They comprised of 48 patients with 51 hernias in the high scrotal group and 46 patients with 50 hernias in the conventional group. Their age range was between 2 months and 168 months with a mean of 47.9 ± 46.7 months. The conversion rate of high scrotal approach was 1.9%. The mean duration of operation in the high scrotal group was 37.1 ± 13.3 minutes compared with 37.2 ± 15.1 minutes in the conventional group, p = 0.982. Early postoperative scrotal edema was more in the high scrotal group compared to the conventional group, p =0.018. The Hollander wound evaluation score was better in the high scrotal incision compared to the conventional approach, p = 0.003.CONCLUSION: The high scrotal approach may be an alternative to conventional herniotomy in boys.
A Retrospective Operative and Early Outcome Comparison of Suprapubic Transvesical Prostatectomy and Transurethral resection of the Prostate
Authors: Andualem Beyene  , Abeselom Lemma  , Seyfe Tilahun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ BPH is the major cause of bladder outlet obstruction over the age of 40 years. Multiple surgical management options have been described of which STVP and TURP are the oldest and widely available procedures. The objective of this study is to describe and compare the intraoperative and early outcome situations of STVP and TURP.METHODS: This is a hospital-based retrospective descriptive study that compares intraoperative and early outcomes of STVP and TURP in Menilik II Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. The study samples were 72 STVP and 72 TURP patients.RESULTS: The mean duration of surgery in the STVP group was 97.8 minutes which is significantly longer than TURP group (66.15 minutes). Duration of post-op catheterization and hospital stay are significantly longer in STVP than TURP.CONCLUSION: The duration of surgery, length of hospital stays and post op catheterization are longer in STVP. There was no significant difference in intra-op and early complications from STVP and TURP.
The Effect of Oral Simvastatin on the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Sajad Shafiee  , Alireza Zali  , Misagh Shafizad  , Amir Emami Zeydi  , Saeid Ehteshami  , Fatemeh Rezaii  , Abbas Tafakhori  , Abolhasan Ertiaei  , Hadi Darvishi-Khezri  , Mohammad Khademloo  , Reza Jalili Khoshnood
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Despite recent promising pharmacological and technological advances in neurosurgical intensive care, the overall TBI-related mortality and morbidity remain high and still pose a major clinical problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral simvastatin on the clinical outcome ofpatients with severe TBI.METHODS: In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial a total of 98 patients with severe TBI in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Sari, Iran, were evaluated. Patients who meet the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated into two groups (n=49). In addition to supportive therapies, the intervention group received oral simvastatin (40 mg, daily) for 10 days, and the control group received the placebo (10 days). Patients' Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, in hospital mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU and neurosurgery ward stay were evaluated during three-time intervals (T1: admission, T2: discharge and T3: one month after discharge).RESULTS: The percentage of conscious patients was 18.9% (7 cases) in the simvastatin group and 3.1% (1 case) in controls (P=0.06) at T2. One month after discharge (T3) the proportion of conscious patients significantly increased in the simvastatin group compared to control group (64.9 % versus 28.1 %; P=0.002). There was no significant difference for the mean of GCS score between the simvastatin group and control group at T1 (6.41 ± 1.30 versus 6.41 ± 1.28, respectively; P = 0.98). However, the mean score of GCS in patients who received simvastatin was significantly greater than controls at T2 and T3 (p<0.05). There was no significant differences between two group in-terms of length of mechanical ventilation, ICU and neurosurgery ward stay.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study it seems that using simvastatin may be an effective and promising therapeutic modality for improving GCS score during TBI recovery.
Ocular Biometry and Intra Ocular Lens Power among Cataract Patients in Rural Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mandefro Sintayehu Kassa  , Girum W Gessesse
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ The objective of the study was to report on the main parameters of ocular biometry and Intraocular lens (IOL)power of patients attending a cataract surgical campaign in Eastern Ethiopia.METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional study on 765 eyes which were eligible for cataract surgery during a mass cataract surgical campaign conducted from April 04 to April 10, 2018 at Bisidimo Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Ocular biometric parameters were measured by automated keratorefractometer and Sonomed A-Scan (Model 300AP) using contact applanation method. Multiple linear regression analysis was done to determine association of ocular biometry components with sociodemography of the study subjects.RESULTS: The mean corneal curvature and anterior chamber depth (ACD, measured from corneal epithelium to lens) were found to be 7.61 mm and 2.88mm respectively. The mean axial length was estimated to be 22.98 mm. The mean refractive power of IOL was calculated to be 19.34D. The mean axial length in females was shorter than that of males by 0.24 ( P - value =0.01).The mean ACD in males was also larger than that of females by0.1 (P - value = 0.001).CONCLUSION: This study provided a larger population based normative data on ocular biometry in Ethiopia. The female sex was a strong predictor of small axial length. Increasing age had no effect on axial length but was found to be a stronger predictor of shallow ACD.
Perception and Attitude of Medical Students towards Cadaveric Dissection in Anatomical Science Education
Authors: Edmund Atta Asante  , Raymond S. Maalman  , Mahamudu Ayamba Ali  , Yaw Otchere Donkor  , Joseph K. Korpisah
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Cadaveric dissection is essential and effective teaching method of anatomy in medical schools. In cadaveric dissection, the learner plays the central role of the teaching process and to view structures in their natural location. Cadaveric dissection is however perceived as tedious and time consuming by most students which influence their perception and attitude towards the teaching method. This study was therefore designed to evaluate UHAS medical students’ perception and attitude toward dissection in the teaching and learning of human anatomy.METHOD: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. A Likert-style questionnaire, comprising 26 items was sent to study population via online using google form. Ethical issues were duly dealt with approval and consent.RESULT: Majority of the students (84.5%) perceived dissection more interesting, and the better way to really learn and understand the human body. About 87% of students also indicated that it assists in retention of what they learnt in theory. Majority of the students (74.5%) felt dissection should not be replaced by other forms of learning.CONCLUSION: There is a strong positive perception and attitude towards the use of cadaveric dissection as a teaching and learning method of anatomy. Cadaveric dissection brings about the skills, courageous and the ability to confidently work on the human body without any fear for future practice. It is therefore, recommended that more time should be allocated to cadaveric dissection.
Designing an Informal Payment Model for Patients Admitted in the Iran Health System: A qualitative Study
Authors: Esmaeil Rezazadeh  , GhahramanMahmoudi  , Fatemeh Dabaghi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Countries rely on out-of-pocket spending to different degrees and employ varying techniques. This study aimed at designing an out-of-pocket payment model of patients admitted to the Iran health system.METHODS: This study was a combined qualitative and quantitative study. The statistical population of the qualitative section was 30 experts who were purposefully selected and continued by snowball method until data saturation, and in the quantitative section were 212 managers of the Ministry of Health. The questionnaire was designed based on qualitative analysis. Content validity was confirmed based on expert opinion and structural validity using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was confirmed using CRONBACH's alpha coefficient and composite reliability. For model adequacy, KMO index and Bartlett test were used, and for model fit, CFI and IFI fitness index were used.RESULTS: Based on the results of 6 main themes, 20 Concept and 120 sub-themes of out of pocket payment of hospitalized patients were extracted. The value of chi-square was 4599.861, the degree of freedom was 2421 and the result of their ratio was 1.899 in the model, which was an acceptable value. CFI and IFI fitness indicators are acceptable. The SRMR index was 0.1153, which indicates the adequacy of the model.CONCLUSION: The findings showed that the main dimensions of out of pocket payment of hospitalized patients include causal factors, underlying factors, intervening factors, pivotal categories, strategies and consequences. Therefore, the use of a paradigm model to pay attention to all the effective dimensions in reducing the payment of hospitalized patients is recommended.
Factors Associated with Human Brucellosis among patients Attending in Ayu Primary Hospital, North Showa, Ethiopia: ACase Control Study
Authors: Bahiru TeshomeYimer  , Berhanu Elfu Feleke  , Kassawmar Angaw Bogale  , Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND፡ Brucellosis is a disease of domestic and wild animals commonly caused by Brucella species and can be transmitted to humans (zoonosis). Susceptibility to Brucellosis in Humans depends on immune status, routes of infection, size of the inoculums, and to some extent, the species of Brucella. Globally more than 500,000 new cases are reported each year. In sub-Saharan Africa, Brucellosis prevalence is unclear and poorly understood with varying reports from country to country, geographical regions as well as animal factors.METHODS: Facility-based unmatched case-control study was conducted on 167 patients with human brucellosis and 332 controls from February 27/2019 to May 20/2019 in AYU primary hospital, North Showa Zone, Ethiopia. descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages were used to describe the profile of case and control and analytical statistics such as bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of human brucellosis.RESULT: A total of 499 participants were included with a response rate of 99.60%. The mean age of participants was 45.46 years with a standard deviation (SD) of ±12.96 years. Human brucellosis had a statistically significant association with raw milk consumptions (AOR 5.75[95%CI 1.97-16.76]), slaughtering of animals at home(AOR 14.81[95%CI 3.63-60.38]), having contact with animal manure(AOR 2.87 [CI 1.08-7.62]), having contact with aborted cattle's fetus (AOR 3.01[95%CI 1.34-9.13]) and knowledge about brucellosis(AOR 0.29 [95%CI 0.08-0.83].CONCLUSION: Generally in this study knowledge about Human Brucellosis, contact with animal manures, practicing animal slaughtering at home, having contact with animal ruminants, and consuming raw milk were identified as determinants for human brucellosis infection.