bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patient management at the Markusovszky Hospital, County Vas, Hungary
Authors: Major Gyöngyi Petra , Halász Szabolcs , Simor Tamás , Németh Orsolya , Pothárn Orsolya , Nagy Lajos
Published: October 2012

Introduction: At the Markusovszky Hospital, County Vas, Hungary cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has been routinely used since July, 2009. In the majority of cases this method has been applied for the assessment of myocardial viability in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease and, in a smaller number of cases, for the evaluation of patients with myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and syncope with uncertain etiology in young athletes. Aims: The aim of the study was to analyze the clinical value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the viability of affected myocardial regions due to chronic occlusion of major coronary arteries. Methods: Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance examination was performed in 88 patients who had 103 myocardial regions affected with chronic occlusion of the coronary arteries. The number of affected myocardial regions which proved to be treatable with coronary artery intervention and the number of regions where revascularization strategy was based on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings were analyzed. Results: Based on findings from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, revascularization strategy was set up in 88 myocardial regions corresponding to 83.5% of all affected myocardial regions included in this study. Conclusions: Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging appears to be a powerful tool to choose the optimal reperfusion strategy in patients with chronic coronary occlusion. Although this diagnostic method is relatively expensive, its accuracy regarding the features of myocardial viability such as transmural extension of the lesion within the affected region is higher than that of other methods (e.g. myocardium scintigraphy or stress echocardiography). Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1638–1644.
Detection and impact of minimal residual disease on outcome of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Plander Márk , Skrapits Judit , Bozsó Tünde , Szendrei Tamás , Iványi János László
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Minimal residual disease is associated with longer overall survival in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Aim: The aim of the authors was to determine the clinical significance of remission and minimal residual disease on the survival of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: Data from 42 first-line treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were analyzed. Minimal residual disease was determined by flow cytometry. Results: Overall response and complete remission was achieved in 91%, 86%, 100% and 87%, 0%, 60% of patients with fludarabine-based combinations, single-agent fludarabine and cyclophosphamide + vincristin + prednisolone regimen, respectively. Minimal residual disease eradication was feasible only with fludarabine-based combinations in 60% of these cases. The ratio of minimal residual disease was 0.5% on average. During a median follow-up period lasting 30 months, the overall survival of patients with fludarabine-resistant disease proved to be significantly shorter (p = 0.04), while complete remission without minimal residual disease was associated with significantly longer progression free survival (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Only fludarabine-based combinations were able to eradicate minimal residual disease in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Complete remission without minimal residual disease may predict longer progression free survival in these patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1622–1628.
Investigation of Growth Behavior of ZnS Nanocrystal by HR-TEM and STEM-Tomography
Authors: Uehara Masato
Published: October 2012

We obtained interestingly-shaped ZnS nanocrystals in oleylamine solution and characterized their structures using HR-TEM and HAADF tomography. These interesting nanocrystals had a conical head rather than the frequently-reported pyramidal one. The cone consisted of not only low-energy planes but high Miller-index planes. In addition, we three-dimensionally and crystallographically investigated the particle growth of these nanocrystals by the same method.
Development of a High-pressure Scanning Probe Microscope for the study of in situ corrosion mechanisms of metallic materials
Authors: Harder Christophe , Berlu L. , Reneaume B.
Published: October 2012

Corrosion mechanisms take place at the extreme surface of materials before spreading in the bulk. In this way, in situ surface characterization techniques as scanning probe microscopy (Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)) allow the observations of the very initial reaction steps.

To achieve that goal, an environmental cell has been designed ; it is able to integrate either an atomic force microscope (AFM) or a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This cell can resist to internal pressures ranging from 10-5 to 20 atm. Heterogeneous “solid – gas” reactions that only occur with pressures above several atmospheres, can then be studied. This could be achieved by following the topographical evolution of samples reacting with gaseous species. Identification of the surface defects at the origin of corrosive attacks as well as proposition of reaction mechanisms will be describe in future works.

The present work shows first in situ measurements that validate this new and unique experimental “HP-AFM” (High Pressure Atomic Force Microscope). The impact of the atmosphere’s composition as well as the pressure values on the topographical measurements recorded by the AFM system is especially studied.

In this way, a calibration standard is used to detect a potential working drift of the AFM system (scanner head displacements, optical detection …) that could lead to eventual distortions of pictures recorded and misinterpretation of observations. This sample has been studied under several experimental conditions and the results have shown an identical behaviour of the AFM used ex situ and in situ under Ar or He up to 1.5 atm as well as a good stability during long recording acquisitions (up to 90 min) necessary for kinetic studies.
Análise de componentes principais de pães de forma formulados com farinha de yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob.)
Authors: Rolim Priscilla Moura , Salgado Silvana Magalhães , Padilha Vivianne Montarroyos , Livera Alda Verônica Souza , Guerra Nonete Barbosa , Andrade Samara Alvachian Cardoso
Published: October 2012

O yacon, tubérculo de origem andina, vem sendo cada vez mais aplicado na tecnologia de alimentos, em virtude de suas propriedades funcionais, por ser fonte de inulina e fruto-oligossacarídeos, considerados prebióticos. Foram preparadas três formulações de pães, sendo uma padrão e duas testes contendo farinha de yacon, denominadas de amostra P (pão padrão, sem farinha de yacon), amostra A (pão com 6% de farinha de yacon e 3% de gordura) e amostra B (pão com 11% de farinha de yacon sem adição de gordura). Para a avaliação sensorial foi realizada a Análise Descritiva Quantitativa (ADQ), utilizando-se 11 provadores treinados, os quais definiram 10 atributos sensoriais (aroma, cor, porosidade e uniformidade do miolo, sabor, textura, umectância, untuosidade, adesividade e qualidade global). Também foi realizada análise física dos pães, por meio da caracterização cromática. Os resultados da ADQ foram analisados por análise de variância e testes de médias de Duncan, a 5% de significância. Os resultados da ADQ foram representados graficamente por análise multivariada de análise de componentes principais (ACP). Nao houve diferença entre as amostras A e B em relação aos atributos porosidade, textura, sabor e qualidade global. A amostra A obteve média maior em atributos sensoriais indesejáveis como aderência, enquanto a amostra B apresentou maior média para o atributo umectância, devido ao maior teor de yacon. Na ACP, a soma de componentes principais 1 e 2 foi de 97,59%, ou seja, a variabilidade entre as amostras foi quase totalmente explicada por estes dois componentes. Os resultados obtidos demonstram o grande potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos utilizando alimentos fontes de prebióticos, como os frutanos do yacon.
Desfolha artificial simulando danos de pragas na cultura do girassol (Helianthus annuus L., Asteraceae)
Authors: Lima Junior Izidro dos Santos de , Bertoncello Thiago Ferreira , Melo Elmo Pontes de , Degrande Paulo Eduardo , Kodama Cássio
Published: October 2012

O girassol está sujeito às perdas de área foliar por diferentes fatores, dentre eles os insetos desfolhadores, contra aos quais geralmente são dirigidas aplicações de inseticidas na cultura. A desfolha artificial em plantas de importância econômica é uma metodologia útil na simulação de ataques dessas pragas em lavouras na determinação dos níveis de dano econômico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar componentes de produção das plantas de girassol submetidas a níveis crescentes de desfolha de 0, 10, 25, 50, 75 e 100%, realizada em três distintos estádios fenológicos da cultura, a saber: V6 (seis folhas com no mínimo 4,0 cm de comprimento), R1 (quando a inflorescência circundada pela bráctea imatura torna-se visível) e R5.5 (50% das flores do disco estão fertilizadas ou em antese), perfazendo um total de 18 tratamentos, os quais foram dispostos em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Para todos os componentes de produção avaliados (diâmetro do capítulo, biomassa total de sementes da planta e biomassa de 100 aquênios) houve efeito significativo da interação dos tratamentos, evidenciando que o efeito da desfolha será dependente do estágio fenológico da planta. O estádio R5.5 foi mais sensível à desfolha, ocasionando perdas em todos os componentes de produção avaliados.
Metabolismo de nitrogênio em dois sistemas de cultivo de café sob veranico da estação úmida
Authors: Lemos Carmem Lacerda , Matsumoto Sylvana Naomi , Viana Anselmo Eloy Silveira , Coelho Renato Alves , César Fábio Ricardo Coutinho Fontes
Published: October 2012

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do veranico ocorrido na estação úmida sobre o metabolismo de nitrogênio em cafeeiros em sistema a pleno sol e associados com abacateiro (Persea americana Mill.) e ingazeiro (Inga edulis Mart.), foi realizado este experimento. O estudo foi conduzido em propriedade situada no município de Barra do Choça, BA, composto por plantas de café (Coffea arabica L.), variedade Catuaí, sendo caracterizados dois campos experimentais (sistema sombreado x sistema a pleno sol). As avaliações foram realizadas em janeiro (período de veranico) e março (final da estação úmida), em cinco repetições por campo experimental. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t por meio do programa SAEG, versão 9.1. Maior teor de NO3 - foi verificado no sistema a pleno sol, tanto no período de veranico como no final da estação úmida. Em março foi observado maior acúmulo de N-orgânico no terço superior do cafeeiro a pleno sol e no terço médio do cafeeiro sombreado. Maiores teores de nitrogênio total e a tendência de maior atividade enzimática da redutase do nitrato foram verificados nos sistemas arborizados, quando avaliados dentro do mesmo terço do cafeeiro nas duas estações.
Acumulação de matéria seca pelo cafeeiro conilon
Authors: Bragança Scheilla Marina , Martinez Herminia Emilia Prieto , Leite Helio Garcia , Santos Lucio Pereira , Lani José Antonio , Sediyama Carlos Sigueyuki , Alvarez V Víctor Hugo
Published: October 2012

Com o objetivo de caracterizar a acumulação de matéria seca pelo cafeeiro conilon (Coffea canephora Pierre), um experimento foi conduzido em Marilândia/ES, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com 24 tratamentos (época de amostragem) e três repetições. Utilizou-se a variedade clonal EMCAPA 8111, plantada em outubro de 1995. Constatouse que o cafeeiro conilon apresentou padrão sigmoidal de crescimento até os seis anos de idade, com acumulação crescente de massa de matéria seca. Houve declínio na taxa de crescimento absoluto após 48 meses de idade e diminuição na taxa de crescimento relativo após o primeiro mês de idade.
Seleção e número mínimo de famílias para avaliação de parâmetros de cor em uma população meio-irmã de cenoura
Authors: Silva Giovani Olegário da , Vieira Jairo Vidal
Published: October 2012

A utilização de um número de famílias não superior ao suficiente para bem representar determinado cruzamento, é recomendado, considerando a relação entre custo de implantação de experimentos e progresso obtido no melhoramento. Desta forma, os objetivos deste trabalho foram estimar o número mínimo de famílias de meios-irmãos de cenoura necessário para representar as características genéticas de uma população, bem como identificar as melhores famílias e plantas dentro de famílias para parâmetros de cor. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Hortaliças, Gama, DF, no verão de 2004. Foi avaliada uma população hibrida com 71 famílias de meios-irmãos de cenoura, mais dois cultivares testemunhas, utilizando-se delineamento em blocos ao acaso com duas repetições de parcelas de 2m². Aos 90 dias após o plantio, 10 plantas por parcela foram colhidas e avaliadas para os parâmetros L* a* b* do xilema e floema. Foram realizadas análises de variância e foram estimados o número mínimo de famílias para representar a população e o ganho com a seleção de 10% das melhores famílias e plantas dentro de famílias. Pode-se verificar que a seleção entre e dentro de famílias proporciona ganhos semelhantes para teor de βcaroteno para ambas as partes da raiz. Maiores ganhos com a seleção seriam obtidos para os caracteres de xilema. Para a* do xilema, ambas as testemunhas foram superadas pelas famílias selecionadas. Somente as famílias 71, 7, 61 e 20, deveriam ser selecionadas para a* do floema. Na a avaliação dos parâmetros de cor do xilema e floema, são necessárias 52 e 42 famílias, respectivamente.
Potential of macrophyte for removing arsenic from aqueous solution
Authors: Guimaraes F.P. , Aguiar R. , Oliveira J.A. , Silva J.A.A. , Karam D.
Published: October 2012

The potential of three aquatic macrophytes, Azoll caroliniana, Salvinia minima and Lemna gibba, was evaluated in this work aimed at selection of plants to be used in remediation of environments contaminated by arsenic (As). The experiments were carried out in a greenhouse during six days in pots containing Hoagland solution (¼ ionic strength) at As concentrations of 0.5; 2.5 and 5.0 mg L-1. The three species showed greater As accumulation as the concentration of the metalloid in solution increased. However, a reduction was detected in fresh and dry mass gain when the plants were exposed to high As concentrations. The macrophytes showed differences in efficiency of removal of As in solution. A. caroliniana, S. minima and L. gibba accumulated, on average, 0.130; 0.200; and 1.397 mg mDM-1, respectively, when exposed to 5.0 mg L-1 of As. The macrophytes absorbed a greater quantity of As in solution with low phosphate content. The greater As concentration in L. gibba tissues lowered the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents as shown by the high chlorosis incidence. Lemna gibba also exhibited a decrease in leaf size, with the total chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis not being affected by As in A. caroliniana. This species exhibited purplish leaves with high concentration of anthocyanin, whose presence suggested association to phosphate deficiency. Marginal necrosis occurred on S. minima floating leaves, with the released daughter-plants not showing any visual symptoms during the treatment. The percentage of As removed from the solution decreased when the plants were exposed to high concentrations of the pollutant. Among the three species studied, only L. gibba could be considered an As hyper-accumulator. The use of this plant species for remediation of aquatic environments was shown to be limited and requires further investigation.
Efficiency of a reduced herbicide rate for Brachiaria brizantha control in sugarcane
Authors: Tironi S.P. , Galon L. , Faria A.T. , Belo A.F. , Silva A.A. , Barbosa M.H.P.
Published: October 2012

At different growth stages, weeds present different sensitivities to herbicides. Thus, the registered herbicide rate may be reduced under specific conditions, while maintaining satisfactory weed control. This study evaluated the efficiency of reduced rates of the formulated herbicide mixture Velpar K WG® (hexazinone + diuron) + Volcane® (MSMA) for Brachiaria brizantha control at different growth stages. Optimum weed control efficiency was obtained when applying 50% of the recommended rate in younger plants (plants with one to four leaves). In late applications, it is necessary to increase the herbicide rates and, under these conditions, 90% of the recommended rate for (diuron + hexazinone) + MSMA was estimated to be the most economical one.
Sensibilidade do capim-capivara a herbicidas
Authors: Silva K.S. , Machado S.L.O. , Avila L.A. , Marchesan E. , Alves M.V.P. , Urban L.J.K.
Published: October 2012

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação com o objetivo de identificar, através de curvas de dose-resposta, a sensibilidade de plantas jovens e perenizadas de capim-capivara a doses crescentes (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 e 200% da dose recomendada para gramíneas perenes) de cyhalofop-butyl (315 g i.a. ha-1), imazapic + imazapyr (24,5 g e.a. ha-1 + 73,5 g e.a. ha-1), glyphosate (2.160 g e.a. ha-1) e amônio glufosinate (900 g i.a. ha-1). O experimento 1 foi conduzido de janeiro a março de 2010, e o experimento 2, de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2011. Plantas jovens apresentaram maior sensibilidade aos herbicidas amônio glufosinate e cyhalofop-butyl, entretanto, a morte das plantas ocorreu somente quando tratadas com glyphosate e a mistura formulada de imazapic + imazapyr. Em plantas perenizadas, os herbicidas não proporcionaram controle satisfatório.
Manejo de plantas daninhas na cultura da mandioca
Authors: Silva D.V. , Santos J.B. , Ferreira E.A. , Silva A.A. , França A.C. , Sediyama T.
Published: October 2012

A mandioca (Manihot esculenta) é cultivada em vários países, sendo de grande importância como fonte de energia para alimentação humana e animal e na geração de empregos e renda. No Brasil, apesar de essa cultura apresentar alto potencial produtivo - em alguns estudos alcançando valores superiores a 100 t ha-1 de raízes - , a produtividade nacional é baixa, atribuída em grande parte ao manejo inadequado das plantas daninhas. A interferência dessas plantas resulta em competição pelos recursos essenciais, como nutrientes, água e luz. Além disso, o controle realizado de maneira incorreta das plantas daninhas nos mandiocais dificulta outros tratos culturais e aumenta os custos de produção. Nesta revisão são abordados os aspectos relativos ao manejo das plantas daninhas na cultura, descrevendo, de forma detalhada, os principais componentes de interferência. Discute-se, em várias situações, o período crítico de competição. Por fim, são apresentados os principais métodos de controle visando à utilização do manejo integrado como forma sustentável do controle de plantas daninhas nessa cultura.
Investigação da influência do processamento na dinâmica molecular de nanocompósitos de policarbonato e argila organofílica obtidos via intercalação por fusão
Authors: Rodrigues Elton J. da R. , Nascimento Suéllen A. M. , Tavares Maria I. B. , Merat Pedro P.
Published: October 2012

Nanocompósitos baseados em policarbonato e argila organofílica foram obtidos pelo método de intercalação por fusão em câmara de mistura sob diferentes valores de torque e temperatura. A influência desses parâmetros na qualidade da dispersão da argila na matriz polimérica foi investigada por ressonância magnética nuclear (RMN) de baixo campo, empregando o tempo de relaxação longitudinal, T1H, e por difração de raios X. As diferenças nos tempos de relaxação longitudinal e nos padrões de difração de raios X foram correlacionadas com a formação de domínios com mobilidades distintas. O nanomaterial formado apresentou morfologia intercalada com afastamento crescente das camadas de argila, conforme as condições de processamento se tornavam mais severas. A RMN ¹H mostrou que tanto o cisalhamento quanto a temperatura afetaram a mobilidade das cadeias poliméricas, explicitando a homogeneidade crescente da distribuição dos domínios de relaxação, de acordo com o aumento do torque e da temperatura.
As estratégias de luta simbólica para a formação da enfermeira visitadora no início do século XX
Authors: Ayres Lílian Fernandes Arial , Amorim Wellington Mendonça de , Piva Teresa Cristina de Carvalho , Porto Fernando Rocha
Published: October 2012

Com base na perspectiva histórico-social, o objeto deste estudo documental consistiu nas estratégias de luta simbólica para a formação de agentes de visitação domiciliar nos Cursos de Enfermeiras Visitadoras da Cruz Vermelha Brasileira e do Departamento Nacional de Saúde Pública, no Rio de Janeiro (DF), com repercussão no Departamento de Saúde e Assistência de Pernambuco, entre 1920 e 1926. Adotamos como referencial teórico o pensamento do sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu, evidenciando uma luta simbólica no campo da saúde pública entre os sanitaristas Amaury de Medeiros e José P. Fontenelle e a enfermeira de saúde pública Ethel Parsons, para analisar quem seria responsável pela autoridade e competência científica da formação das enfermeiras visitadoras.
Sheila Jasanoff: localizando o global
Authors: Marques Ivan da Costa , Barcellos Vitor Andrade , Arellano Hernández Antonio , Braman Sandra , Cocco Giuseppe , Pádua José Augusto , Gualtieri Regina Cândida Ellero
Published: October 2012

Em tempos em que todo conhecimento é 'situado' e não mais 'universal' e 'neutro', a tradução da reflexão de Sheila Jasanoff sobre "como dirigir para o bem nossa habilidade inventiva, profundamente humana" coloca uma questão para a academia brasileira: como 'situar' essa reflexão? Se o tempo é de mudança para o Ocidente imperial, é plausível aproveitar esse tempo para problematizarmos os "blocos constituintes" da razão pública no Brasil. E não há motivo para que não consideremos as sinalizações que vêm de Harvard não mais para ser tomadas como saberes privilegiadamente autorizados, de resto inadmissíveis em um mundo que se quer 'desplatonizado', mas sim como proposições a ser 'situadas' em processos de escolhas e transformações.
Corpos em equilíbrio: imagens e cotidiano ribeirinho no Porto do Açaí e na Ilha do Maracujá, Belém (PA)
Authors: Silveira Flávio Leonel Abreu da , Bassalo Terezinha de Fátima Ribeiro
Published: October 2012

Refletir, partindo do registro fotográfico, sobre o fluxo de ida e volta dos moradores da ilha do Maracujá, entre a ilha e Belém, fazendo uso das formas com que utilizam seus corpos ou 'sabem servir-se' deles, no que Mauss chamou de técnicas corporais. Corpos evidenciados, uma vez que estão sempre à mostra, capazes, portanto, de ser visualmente etnografados. Inspirado em Certeau, o artigo busca pensar as táticas corporais elaboradas pelos moradores da ilha ao praticar as paisagens de pertença, revelando expressões de corpo peculiares na construção de suas experiências cotidianas. Tais observações não remetem a um corpo-objeto, mas a um corpo que é o sujeito da cultura, como diz Csordas, um corpo que é "a base existencial da cultura".
Interdisciplinary bachelor's degree in health: analysis of a new higher education curriculum in Brazil
Authors: Mendes Layza Castelo Branco , Caprara Andrea
Published: October 2012

Brazilian public universities are undergoing an intense process of change in search of solutions to transform themselves into institutions that are more attuned to 21st century social needs. In this regard, the aim of this study was to analyze a new higher education curriculum offered at the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA): the Interdisciplinary Bachelor's degree in Healthcare. This was a preliminary qualitative investigation, accomplished as a case study. The methodological tools used include document analysis, open interviews and participant observation. It was seen that the teachers were engaged in the process of putting together a course that promotes training of professionals qualified to undertake social development. It was also noted that the students were themselves proving to be capable of deep critical reflection on social issues. It was therefore concluded that the case studied has provided the results expected by the higher education institution hosting the course.
Management and relocation of nests of Podocnemis expansa (Schweigger, 1812) (Testudines, Podocnemididae) on the Crixás-Açu river, Brazil
Authors: Gomes AS. , Ferreira Júnior PD.
Published: October 2012

Podocnemis expansa nests in the sandbanks of the Crixás-Açu River in central Brazil during the dry season. With the return of the rainy season, the river banks are once again inundated, flooding nests and eggs and drowning hatchlings. This study evaluated relocation as an alternative to manage nests at risk of flooding. Forty P. expansa nests from four beaches of the Crixás-Açu were relocated to nurseries constructed in tanks filled with sand from the same river. Nine nests were covered with palm fronds to simulate shading conditions and to lower the incubation temperature. The base of the egg chamber was at a depth of 60 cm in all the nests. The duration of incubation varied for sunlit (49.1 ± 2.35 days) and shaded nests (51.7 ± 1.75 days), but did not change with nest position (center or edge of nurseries). Hatching success was 47.3 ± 13.6%, and did not vary significantly with sunlight/shade or nest position. The mean incubation temperature during the thermosensitivity period varied from 33 ± 1.56 °C to 34.1 ± 1.40 °C. The lowest mean temperature during the thermosensitivity period (31.9 ± 0.95 °C) and the highest proportion of males (up to 45% of hatchlings) were observed in a shaded nest. Most sunlit nests produced only females. The results suggest that relocation is a viable alternative in managing nests at risk of flooding during the rainy season in the Crixás-Açu. Moreover, artificial shading was shown to be an option to increase the proportion of males.
Classificação híbrida: pixel a pixel e baseada em objetos para o monitoramento da condição da superfície dos pavimentos rodoviários
Authors: Resende Marcos Ribeiro , Bernucci Liedi Légi Barianni , Quintanilha José Alberto
Published: October 2012

Monitorar a condição de uso de toda a extensão das rodovias brasileiras é tarefa dispendiosa e demorada. Este trabalho trata de novas técnicas que permitem o levantamento da condição da superfície dos pavimentos rodoviários de forma ágil utilizando imagens hiperespectrais de sensor digital aeroembarcado. Nos últimos anos, um número crescente de imagens de alta resolução espacial tem surgido no mercado mundial com o aparecimento dos novos satélites e sensores aeroembarcados de sensoriamento remoto. Propõe-se uma metodologia para identificação dos pavimentos asfálticos e classificação das principais ocorrências dos defeitos na superfície do pavimento. A primeira etapa da metodologia é a identificação da superfície asfáltica na imagem, utilizando uma classificação híbrida baseada inicialmente em pixel e depois refinada por objetos. A segunda etapa da metodologia é a identificação e classificação das ocorrências dos principais defeitos nos pavimentos flexíveis que são observáveis nas imagens de alta resolução espacial. Esta última etapa faz uso intensivo das novas técnicas de classificação de imagens baseadas em objetos. O resultado final é a geração de índices da condição da superfície do pavimento a partir das imagens que possam ser comparados com os indicadores vigentes da condição da superfície do pavimento já normatizados pelos órgãos competentes no país.
Extração semiautomática de rodovias no espaço-objeto: uso integrado de um estereopar de imagens aéreas e um MDT
Authors: Martins Érico Fernando de Oliveira , Dal Poz Aluir Porfírio , Zanin Rodrigo Bruno
Published: October 2012

Neste artigo é proposto um método semiautomático para extração de rodovias combinando um estereopar de imagens aéreas de baixa resolução com um poliedro gerado a partir de um modelo digital do terreno (MDT). O problema é formulado no espaço-objeto através de uma função objetivo que modela o objeto 'rodovia' como uma curva suave e pertencente a uma superfície poliédrica. A função objetivo proposta depende também de informações radiométricas, que são acessadas no espaço-imagem via relação de colinearidade entre pontos da rodovia no espaço-objeto e os correspondentes nos espaços imagem do estereopar. A linha poligonal que melhor modela a rodovia selecionada é obtida por otimização no espaço-objeto da função objetivo, tendo por base o algoritmo de programação dinâmica. O processo de otimização é iterativo e dependente do fornecimento por um operador de uma aproximação inicial para a rodovia selecionada. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o método é robusto frente a anomalias existentes ao longo das rodovias, tais como obstruções causadas por sombras e árvores.
The role and effect of technical review panels
Authors: Spottiswoode Brian H. , MacKellar D. C. Robin
Published: October 2012

The technical review of civil engineering projects by independent experts has been performed in South Africa on an ad hoc basis for many years. The scope of an independent review was generally limited to particular elements of the project in which the implementing authority (or the designer) considered that a review would be advisable. Later, with funding agencies such as the Development Bank of Southern Africa (DBSA) becoming involved in the financing of infrastructure development, such as roads or water supply projects, individuals were routinely appointed to act as independent reviewers of the main technical aspects, during both the design and construction phases. It would be natural that, as the size, complexity, and cost of projects have increased, the practice would have become more widespread, but in recent years it is only for large bulk water storage and delivery projects that independent technical review panels have been mobilised. This paper discusses the history and current practice of independent technical review in South Africa, the structure of the panels, extent of their involvement in projects, their relationship with project teams, and finally their perceived effect and benefit to the project. In the view of client bodies, the benefits that have accrued from the use of technical review panels have justified their cost.
Technical networks – the framework for disseminating knowledge
Authors: Hendy Chris R. , Spencer Phillippa C. , Sundaram Madhusudan
Published: October 2012

Within the civil engineering industry there are numerous methods of communicating knowledge. These include formal methods, such as through peer-reviewed papers, conferences and websites, and informal methods such as new teams coming together and sharing their experiences. However, knowledge management is more than just communicating lessons; it involves the creation, capture, sharing and leveraging of knowledge and, without all these aspects present is unlikely to be effective. Capturing all useful knowledge in a project life cycle and cascading the lessons learnt to industry, and indeed within organisations, presents a significant challenge to achieve consistently. This paper presents a tried-and-tested solution which employs a named individual on each project, the knowledge capture coordinator, in conjunction with a framework of technical, discipline-led, networks. In essence, the knowledge capture coordinator is responsible for capturing learning on the project and feeding past learning into the start of the project, while the technical networks review, develop and validate the learning captured and ensure it is subsequently available and communicated in the most appropriate manner to all who need to know. This paper discusses in detail how this is achieved and elaborates on the role of the KCC and networks in driving continuous improvement. It is based on a process employed within the Highways and Transportation business of Atkins.
Successfull Implentations of Top-Hole Managed Pressure Cementing in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Mir Rajabi M. , Stave R. S. , Rohde B.
Published: October 2012

Traditionally it has been quite a daunting task to place high-performance cement in tophole sections of many subsea wells, where tight-formation pressure windows pose problems for operators. Cement jobs have reportedly been unsuccessful in numerous cases under such challenging conditions. Losing cement to the formation, plus the added problems of shallow gas and water influx, have been common elements in such cement-job failures.

AGR has developed a cementing method that mitigates the risk of losses in tophole sections during circulation and early gas migration in the dormant and transient-gelation periods. This subsea Managed Pressure Cementing (MPC) method was implemented successfully first time in early 2010 on a subsea well in the Caspian Sea, isolating unconsolidated, overpressurized sand stratum with well-bonded cement. This meant drilling could continue to the next hole section with the desired integrity at the shoe.

Proven Riserless Mud Recovery (RMR) equipment, which includes the Subsea Pump Module (SPM) as the key component of the system, is used for subsea MPC operation. A closed-loop circulation system is established facilitating an excellent level of control over the wellbore pressure gradient, so wellbore pressure falls inside the pressure window of the formation during all stages of the cement job. Any small amount of loss is detected immediately and cured by the subsea pump inlet pressure.

Great potential was seen with this subsea MPC method. Indeed it has not shown any problems that would prevent its use in similar situations. This paper examines details of this method and its successful applications in one of the most challenging areas in offshore.
Dynamic Simulation Applications to Support Challenging Offshore Operations: A Kitan Oil Field Offshore East Timor Case Study
Authors: Yokote Ryosuke , Donagemma Vanni , Mantecon Juan Carlos
Published: October 2012

This paper describes the use of multiphase flow numerical transient simulation to assist a petroleum engineer in making proper critical decisions during supervision of well cleanup operations on a rig, and initial well startup operations on a Floating Production Storage and Offloading facility (FPSO).

Eni JPDA 06-105 operates the Kitan oil field located in the Joint Petroleum Development Area (JPDA) between East Timor and Australia. The Kitan oil field consists of three subsea intelligent wells, subsea flowlines, risers, and one FPSO. The three wells were completed and cleaned up using the rig before the FPSO arrived on location.

The intelligent completions were modeled in detail using commercial dynamic simulation software to establish a sound and safe operating procedure for the well cleanup and well test. The simulation results provided the petroleum engineer on the rig with key operational information, such as the time for the oil to arrive at surface, expected pressure at the down-hole gauges (DHGs) and upstream of the choke manifold, etc. This enhanced the ability of rig site supervisors to anticipate well behavior, enabling a significant risk reduction.

The well models were successfully validated with the data obtained after the well cleanup and well testing campaign was finished. The validated well models were integrated with flowline and riser models to investigate the optimum field startup operations and to overcome constraints in the production system which emerged late in the project. Different topside choke and multi-stage hydraulic down-hole flow control valves (FCVs) opening schedules were tested to predict pressure and temperature at the DHGs, the subsea tree (SST) and the FPSO, as well as the flow rates and oil arrival time at the FPSO.

The dynamic simulation results played an important role in defining a sound and safe operating procedure for the well cleanup and well test, and initial field startup, providing the offshore petroleum engineer with reliable operating guidelines.
Simple Tools for Forecasting Waterflood Performance
Authors: Can B. , Kabir C. S.
Published: October 2012

Empirical and/or semianalytical tools are frequently applied in most waterflood operations, although grid-based models are also often used. This paper examines the performance of some commonly used tools, such as the water-oil ratio (WOR), Y-function, and Arps. Besides those tools, we introduce a semianalytical approach, which is a modified version of the Y-function formulation. Two other tools that have gained significant traction in unconventional-reservoir performance forecasting, the stretched-exponential decline model (SEDM) and the capacitance-resistance model (CRM), are also used here.

Based on synthetic and field data, the results show that the Arps method is remarkably accurate in all flooding situations, regardless of the underlying physical mechanisms; other published data tend to support this notion. Similarly, both the SEDM and the proposed modified-Y-function method also yield solutions with good accuracy. The latter solutions tend to be pessimistic, however.
Upstream/Downstream Real Time Surveillance and Optimization Systems: Two Sides of the Same Coin, or Never the Twain Shall Meet
Authors: Cramer Ron , Mehrotra Shailendra , Goh KC , Stoever Matt , Berendschot Leo
Published: October 2012

Downstream Refineries and Chemical Plants have benefited from real time optimization systems (RTO) for the last 30 years. Downstream RTO is a well established and permanent fixture in many plants – the "way we do things ‘round here!". Upstream E&P operations have "come to this party" much more recently and are using RTO more sparingly, even though the economic and HSSE benefits can be very significant.

There are key differences between downstream and upstream. For example, downstream facilities do not deal with sub-surface uncertainties, multiphase flow and isolated/harsh environments; while upstream operations do not usually have to deal with complex chemical processes.

Integrated Oil Companies run upstream and downstream operations and integration of tools/practices across both regimes is often perceived to be of significant value. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast downstream and upstream RTO learnings with a view to identifying and describing:

similarities in production unit operations e.g. fluid separation, compression etc.; key differences between production unit operations; cultural differences between operations; RTO activities from a technical perspective; RTO business benefits and how these might be leveraged and sustained in both directions.

What will emerge from this analysis will be a comparison, highlighting points of commonality and differences, leading to a better understanding of how RTO can be more effectively exploited in the upstream business – the cheapest oil available!

Specifically, it is concluded that RTO in upstream operations is feasible and lucrative, but is relatively rare with sustainability a challenge. Downstream RTO is more common and sustainable, significantly less lucrative, but a "must do" to compete in a highly competitive, margin constrained business.
Case Study: Completion Design and Operation in High Dogleg Coiled Tubing Drilling Wells
Authors: Hamzah N. E. , Abdul Rahman A. A. , Ahmad Fauzi N. , Morris T. , Ibrahim Z. , Jenie J. R. , Chaari Y.
Published: October 2012

Completion operation is one of the most important contributors to successful well deliverables. Without a proper design of the accessories and efficient operation in conveying the completion assembly, the true potential of a well may not be realized. Coiled Tubing Drilling (CTD) was first attempted in Peninsular Malaysia in February 2011 and the wells were designed to be completed as Coiled Tubing (CT) re-entry sidetrack using 2-3/8" pre-drilled liner and swell packers with maximum inclination of 90° angle and dogleg ranges between 30-60° per 100 feet.

The liner and swell packer assembly were designed to be conveyed to the target zone via coiled tubing and to go through 3 ½" tubing with maximum clearance of 2.8" and dual casing exit from the existing completion setup. Apart from the small and rigid clearance, another challenges that the team faced was differential sticking due to mud property that was used to maintain hole stability and to prevent the hole from collapsing before the completion was placed. Since the completion would be conveyed through high dogleg environment, the type of liner and swell packer chosen had to able to withstand the bending stresses applied to it. A small error will result in parted assembly or inability for it to be conveyed all the way to the intended zone.

This paper presents the challenges faced during the design and completion operations and discusses the program devised to overcome the above mentioned issues. Based on the lesson learnt from previous wells in which the operations were not 100% successful, the team made significant improvements in terms of mud property, swell packer design, procedure changes and introduction of friction reducer into the completion program of the final and last well of the campaign that finally enabled the liner to be conveyed to the total depth (TD) successfully.
The Development and Field Performance of a Novel Open Hole Packer System for Deep Water, High Rate, Water Injection Wells With Down Hole Flow Control. A Deep Water Field Case History
Authors: Whaley K , Price-Smith C , McNerlin B , Booth D , Oakey N , Day P , Macleod I , Moir G
Published: October 2012

Greater Plutonio is a 5 field subsea, deepwater project, located offshore Angola. Development began in 2005 and 38 wells have now been completed in highly permeable but poorly consolidated Oligocene reservoirs. Production commenced in October 2007 and is supported by injection of over 350mbd of water into 21 water injectors, predominantly completed with Stand Alone Screens. As the fields have multiple stacked reservoirs, dual zone downhole flow control (DHFC) is advantageous in many water injectors as it allows better control of injection conformance and / or a reduction in well count.

During the design phase, it was recognized that although much of the hardware for DHFC systems for water injectors was field proven, the ability to create a long term seal between zones with openhole completions, especially in the deepwater environment, was a significant challenge that had not yet been addressed by the industry. The key challenges were:

High differential pressure rating (3000psi). Achieve a robust seal in non-circular wellbores. Large axial load resulting from temperature reduction and differential pressure (>400,000lbs). Large number of injection and shut-in cycles occur over life of well. Large changes in temperature and consequently axial loading occur with each cycle.

Following a technical evaluation, a novel dual cup packer concept with integral sliding movement joint and openhole packer slips was selected. This was followed by a 2.5 year rigorous design and qualification period prior to field installation1.

8 DHFC water injection wells have now been installed in Greater Plutonio, and downhole pressure data shows that the cup packers are providing robust high pressure seals after 3.5 years of high rate water injection. The cup packer system has produced a step change in openhole packer technology that has facilitated installation of reliable DHFC water injection wells at scale in the deepwater environment.
Cross Flow VIV Analysis of a Subsea Pipeline and Jumper using FSI Method
Authors: Zhu Huadong , Al-Showaiter Aiman , Eltaher Ayman , Whooley Alan , Jukes Paul
Published: October 2012

When a current impacts on a circular pipe, fluctuating forces are created due to vortex-shedding in the wake. In offshore industry the interest for vortex induced vibration (VIV) is focused on the fatigue that pipe can experience. The fatigue due to VIV can be the dominant fatigue in some pipelines, subsea structures and risers.

The assessment of VIV fatigue for pipelines and subsea structures involves two steps. The step one is to determine the structures response under the combined current and/or wave conditions, using analytical, semi-analytical or numerical approach. The second step is to identify the hot spots in the structure and process their loading states to calculate the corresponding damage or life, such as using S-N curve, which is a common practice in the industry. Since simulating the structures response under fluid loads is the key challenge in the VIV fatigue assessment, this paper focuses on the first step with an emphasis on the FSI approach.

The current study developed a finite element model in the frame work of the ABAQUS that can be used in the cross flow VIV analysis of the pipelines and jumpers. The fully three dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions are combined with structural models of pipeline and jumper to predict vortex induced motion. The use of three dimensional CFD solutions is aimed to eliminate the guess work for VIV analysis. The proposed method uses finite element methods that are tolerant of sparse meshes and high element aspect ratios. This allows economical solutions of large fluid domains while retaining the important features of the large fluid vortex structures. The method can also be extended to sheared currents whose velocity varies with depth. The proposed method is applied to pipeline and jumper and benchmarked against published results. It also confirms the validity of the simplification of a jumper to a straight pipe during jumper VIV analysis based on DNV RP-F105, which is a common practice in offshore industry. The developed model might be used to reduce the conservatism in the fatigue assessments of pipeline guided by codes, such as DNV RP-F105.
Correlations between NMR T2-D Responses and Relative Permeability from Micro Xray-CT Images
Authors: AlGhamdi Tariq M. , Arns Christoph H.
Published: October 2012

NMR relaxation measurements are routinely used in the petroleum industry to estimate permeability and to partition fluids to estimate irreducible water saturation. The shape of the relaxation time distribution is controlled by many mechanisms like pore-coupling in the presence of heterogeneity, internal gradient effects, and signal to noise ratio. However, given an anchoring of the relaxation time distribution, the logarithmic average of the NMR T2 distribution is a relatively robust measure and for rocks where a correlation between pore and throat size exist, a reliable estimate of permeability can often be made. In this work we utilize high resolution X-ray CT images Berea and Bentheimer sandstone and simulate the NMR relaxation-diffusion responses for the case of drainage by a non-wetting fluid at different magnetic field strength (2MHz, 12 MHz, and 400 MHz), calculating internal magnetic fields explicitely. The T2-D responses are projected onto the relaxation axis for each fluid and the SDR model used to predict absolute and relative permeabilities. The resulting correlations between NMR response and relative permeability are surprisingly strong. In particular, reasonable correlations exist between lattice Boltzmann derived relative permeability and NMR estimated relative permeability even for the effective permeability of the oil. This suggests that internal fields help in establishing a surface related/weighted relaxation mechanism for the non-wetting fluid. This methodology allows testing the applicability of SDR type relative permeability estimates for the purpose of log analysis. A variety of cross-correlations including resistivity information can be considered and correlations between relative permeability and NMR response are optimized by finding the best NMR acquisition sequence and interpretation (e.g. choosing optimal cut-offs).