bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient Victimhood and the Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence Technology in Healthcare
Authors: Shutova Albinа А.
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence technologies are of increasing interest in the field of medicine and are one of the key areas for the digital transformation of healthcare . According to a number of experts, medical professionals and digital technology developers, the use of medical devices equipped with artificial intelligence technologies will raise healthcare to a high level, which will lead to improved clinical decision-making, high-quality analysis of digital images, prediction and control of the correctness of the prescribed treatment .However, failures associated with the use of medical devices equipped with artificial intelligence systems can have serious consequences for both clinical outcomes and patients . These consequences could undermine public confidence in artificial intelligence technologies and health care institutions in general . Given the certain novelty of technological solutions, data on the clinical efficacy and safety of products equipped with artificial intelligence are currently considered insufficient .This publication raises two important issues . The first part of the study describes the main physical, social and mental characteristics (properties) of patients that increase the likelihood that they will be victimized in the event of a crime situation in innovative health care services . The second part of the study identifies the risks of using AI technologies in health care that are of greatest concern to both patients and those exploiting innovative technologies .
Comparative Analysis of Life Plans of Inmates of Different Regimes in Places of Deprivation of Liberty
Authors: Rusakov Sergey V.
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the research topic is due to the importance of studying and analyzing the life plans of prisoners in prison. The purpose of this study was a comparative analysis of the life plans of prisoners of different regimes (strict, general, colony-settlement). The study was conducted on the basis of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Ryazan region . It was attended by 118 male convicts serving sentences in various regimes (general, strict, penal colony). Methods. During the study, the following methods were used: observation, conversation, questioning, analysis of personal files, methods: “Self-assessment of life plans” by A. V. Naprisa (modified version of the “Self-Assessment of Orientation” test by V. G. Deev); “Time Perspective Questionnaire” by F. Zimbardo; “Time Attitude Scale” by J. Nuytten, V. Lensom; Questionnaire “Style of Explanation of Successes and Failures” (STONE-B) T.O. Gordeeva, Ye. N. Osina, V. Yu. Shevyakhova; “Vitality test” S. Maddi (adapted by D. A. Leontiev, Ye. I. Rasskazova); methods of mathematical statistics. Results. It has been established that convicts in colony settlements have the most constructive life plans . For general convicts and strict regimes requires the development of a psychocorrectional program that will allow them to realize the values of their life, model positive plans for the future, and admit guilt in the crime committed and become law-abiding citizens
Immune Cell Regeneration and Gaining Strength to Attack Multiple Myeloma Cancer
Authors: Joseph Jessica , Kethar Jothsna , Appavu, Ph.D Rajagopal
Published: March 2024

Multiple Myeloma is a rare cancer that primarily affects plasma cells that differentiate into white blood cells (which have important roles in the immune system such as fighting off infections and diseases). Once these plasma cells are transformed into cancerous cells that invade the space of the bone marrow, there is a prevention of the existence of future healthy immune cells that help the human body systems. Due to these viscous effects of the Multiple Myeloma, the blood cell count decreases and patients’ immunity lowers. The weakened immune systems of patients can attack the components of the treatments which leads to the wastage of money, time, and energy of the patients and the medical professionals. With the current research, patients can gain back strength and improve their immune systems. By the usage of the regeneration of stem cells, immunotherapy to increase the resistance of immune cells against the cancer, Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell therapy (or CAR-T Cell Therapy), and monoclonal antibody therapies, patients can gain back strength and improve their immune systems in a way that attacks Multiple Myeloma. Yet there is still growth for improvement, since the process of patients receiving treatments must be repeated multiple times due to the intensity and persistence of this cancer. By studying and researching the effects of Multiple Myeloma on immune cells, this paper’s goal is to find ways to improve current treatments and how to regenerate stronger and healthier immune cells which can resist and potentially defeat Multiple Myeloma Cancer.
Psychology of consumerism and its impact on environmental damage
Authors: Baek Gahyeon , Jin Soyeon
Published: March 2024

Carbon emission, a leading cause of climate change, is arguably the most important problem that humanity faces today. While global solutions have primarily centered around reducing the consumption of fossil fuels, an aspect of human behavior that plays a critical role in generating carbon emissions and causing severe environmental damage is often overlooked: consumer behavior. The increased accessibility of products has contributed greatly to our convenience; however, the growth in manufacturing has not only amplified the carbon footprint of human activities but has also engendered a wide range of other environmental challenges, including growing landfill waste and overproduction of goods.

In this review article, I investigate the underlying psychology behind the desire for new products and examine how consumer culture encourages and fuels such desires. Moreover, I provide a comprehensive review of the extent of the environmental impact produced by returned goods and fast fashion garments. This review highlights the broader consequences of our seemingly harmless purchasing decisions by demonstrating different types of waste produced during the lifecycle of goods from production to disposal. Finally, I propose potential solutions that can shift society towards more sustainable consumption. Such solutions, including promotion of used marketplaces, can lead to drastic changes without the need to significantly alter our ways of life.
THE MAGNIFICENCE OF THE BRAND AND ITS IMPACT ON WORD OF MOUTH (FIELD RESEARCH AT PEPSI COMPANY BAGHDAD
Authors: Yaseen HUSSEIN Researcher Yasameen , Jasim AHME Dr. RashaD , Abd-Alhadi ISSA Dr. Ahmed
Published: March 2024

The current research aims to reveal the nature of the relationship between brand coolness and Word-of-Mouth, as the variables of the current research are considered critical variables in the literature of marketing management as well as their importance to any company, as all companies seek to have their brands characterized as coolness, which is reflected in the opinions of customers about those companies. It may lead to coolness about the companies, and in order to achieve the goal of the research, the researcher distributed (350) questionnaires to the employees of Pepsi Baghdad Company.(325) of them were obtained, and the number of valid questionnaires for analysis was (302) questionnaires, and they were analyzed using the statistical program SPSS v.26 Discussions between customers about the company, so the research recommends that the company, the research sample, and Iraqi companies in general should pay attention to their products in order to live up to being described as wonderful, which will benefit those companies and improve their image from the point of view of customers
THE PERFECT VERBAL OCCASION IN THE PEOTRY OF LAMIA ABBAS AMARA
Authors: Mathkoor SHELSH Kefaya
Published: March 2024

This research paper aims at studying the complete word convenience in the poetry of Lamiya Abbas Emara (Selected Models). Besides, this paper looks for the positive relationship among patterns of word convenience in poetry of Lamiya Abbas. It also sheds light on importance of its expressive functions and structural semantics which embodies an inner psychological and emotional dimension. This kind of function was successfully included by the poet (Lamiya Abbas) in her poetic production
Technologies applied to information control in organizations: A review
Authors: Panduro Anthony Fasanando
Published: March 2024

In the contemporary global market, organizations face intense competition requiring the deployment of information technology (IT) for effective decision-making and to maintain market presence. This review article emphasizes the crucial role of information technologies in organizational decision-making processes. It outlines the evolution of data management tools, especially in the context of dynamic and contingent data management, and explores the adoption and implementation of technologies for information control within organizations. By analyzing various methodologies and results from existing research, the article illustrates the increasing reliance on IT to enhance organizational processes, decision-making, and overall competitiveness. Furthermore, it delves into the systematic review approach to understand the significance and application of information management technologies in organizational contexts, offering insights for entrepreneurs and academics. The review concludes with the assertion that proper information management through technology is vital for organizations to remain competitive in the ever-changing market landscape.
Advancements in Automated Code Scanning Techniques for Detecting Security Vulnerabilities in Open Source Software
Authors: Chittibala Dinesh Reddy
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This article aims to shed light on the transformative role of Open Source Software (OSS) in digital infrastructure and the accompanying security challenges. It highlights the critical need for automated code scanning technologies to address vulnerabilities stemming from coding errors, lack of secure coding practices, and the rapid development pace.

Methodology: Through a comprehensive analysis of static, dynamic, and interactive code scanning methods, along with the exploration of AI and ML integration, this study examines scalable and efficient approaches to enhance detection capabilities early in the development lifecycle.

Findings: While automated code scanning technologies have made significant strides in detecting and mitigating vulnerabilities, there remain notable research and methodology gaps, especially in technology scalability and the effectiveness of these methods.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy, and Practice: This article posits a forward-looking perspective on automated code scanning, advocating for intelligent, collaborative, and integrated security measures in OSS. It emphasizes the indispensable role of community collaboration and open-source contributions in advancing these technologies, crucial for the proactive identification and mitigation of security vulnerabilities, thereby safeguarding the digital ecosystem's integrity and reliability.
Daya Dukung Sarana Sekolah dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Sekolah Dasar di Papua Barat Daya
Authors: Makruf Ammar
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi daya dukung sarana yang dimiliki oleh sekolah dalam mendukung pembelejaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Sekolah Dasar di Papua Barat Daya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif eksplaritif dengan mengambil beberapa sampel sekolah dasar. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi dan wawancara dengan responden secara insedential. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan bahwa sarana sekolah di SMA Papua Barat Daya memegang peranan penting dalam mendukung pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA). Meskipun Papua Barat Daya memiliki tantangan infrastruktur dan sumber daya yang unik, upaya telah dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa fasilitas fisik, seperti laboratorium IPA, perpustakaan, dan ruang kelas, memenuhi standar yang diperlukan. Selain itu, integrasi teknologi dalam proses pembelajaran juga ditingkatkan, memfasilitasi akses ke informasi dan sumber daya pendukung lainnya. Dukungan dari pihak sekolah dan komunitas setempat juga menjadi kunci, dengan pelatihan guru dan upaya kolaboratif antara stakeholder untuk meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan IPA. Meskipun mungkin masih ada tantangan yang perlu diatasi, seperti keterbatasan sumber daya atau aksesibilitas, upaya terus dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan daya dukung sarana sekolah demi meningkatkan pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam yang efektif dan inklusif bagi siswa di Papua Barat Daya.
ALMANYA’DA DİN VE SİYASET İLİŞKİSİ: TARİHSEL BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: Şahin Bedri
Published: March 2024

Almanya’nın siyaset ve din arasındaki karmaşık ilişkisi, yıllardır toplumsal yapısını şekillendirmiş, hem yönetim yapısını hem de kültürel gelişimini etkilemiştir. Orta Avrupa’da bir dizi ulusun bir araya geldiği Kutsal Roma İmparatorluğu, imparatorlarının sık sık dînî yükümlülükleri yönetimle birleştirdiği için din ve siyasetin güçlü bir şekilde iç içe geçtiğinin bir örneğini oluşturmaktadır. Bu dinamik, 16. yüzyılda Martin Luther tarafından başlatılan Protestan Reformu ile daha da karmaşıklaşmış ve bir dizi dînî savaşa yol açmıştır. Aydınlanma döneminde seküler ilkelere olan ilginin artması, Alman devletinin kademeli sekülerleşmesini etkilemiştir. I. Dünya Savaşı sonrası Almanya’nın ilk demokratik devleti olan Weimar Cumhuriyeti, kilise ve devletin ayrılmasını benimsemiştir. Ancak Üçüncü Reich altında Nazi hükûmeti gücünü pekiştirirken, dînî kuruluşlar zulme uğramış ve manipüle edilmiştir. Almanya’nın Temel Kanunu, sosyal refah ve eğitim gibi alanlarda devlet ve dînî kuruluşlar arasında iş birliğine olanak tanırken, aynı zamanda dînî özgürlüğü garanti altına almıştır. 1990’da eski ateist Doğu Almanya’nın dînî açıdan daha çeşitli Batı ile birleşmesi, bu bağlantıya yeni bir boyut katmıştır. Bugün Almanya’nın ağırlıklı olarak seküler statüsüne rağmen, ülkenin siyasi manzarası tarih boyunca siyaset ve din arasındaki etkileşimler tarafından şekillenmeye devam etmektedir. Bu, ülkenin bu tür gerilimleri dengeleme konusundaki uzun tarihini yansıtmaktadır. Çalışmanın ana odak noktası, metodolojik bir çerçeve içinde Almanya’daki din-siyaset ilişkisinin evrimini analiz etmektir. Bu analiz, belge incelemesi ve tarihsel araştırmalarla desteklenmiştir.
KAYSERİ İLİNİN DIŞ TİCARET PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: Tüfenk M. Burak
Published: March 2024

Dünya ekonomisi, küreselleşme ve teknolojik ilerlemelerle birlikte hızla değişmektedir. Bu değişimler, ülkelerin ve bölgelerin dış ticaret performansını etkileyerek ekonomik kalkınma süreçlerini şekillendirmektedir. Türkiye, içinde bulunduğu coğrafya itibarıyla dış ticaretin önemli bir aktörü konumundadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu Bölgesi'nde stratejik bir konuma sahip olan Kayseri ilinin dış ticaret performansına ilişkin mevcut durumun ortaya konularak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada, 2013-2022 dönemi için Kayseri iline ilişkin dış ticaret verileri incelenerek mevcut durum değerlendirilmiştir. İlgili dönemdeki veriler, Kayseri ilinin dış ticaretinin son yıllarda önemli ölçüde arttığını göstermektedir. Bu artış hem küresel ticaretin büyümesi hem de Türkiye'nin ihracat odaklı büyüme stratejisi ve Kayseri ilinin dış ticaretinde yaşanan gelişmelerin bir sonucudur. Kayseri'nin mobilya, tekstil ürünleri, demir ve demir dışı metaller, elektrik ve elektronik aletler gibi birçok sektörde üretim kapasitesine sahip olması, ilin dış ticaret performansının artmasında önemli rol oynamıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışma, Kayseri'nin dış ticaret potansiyelini anlamak ve gelecekteki ekonomik konumunu değerlendirmek amacıyla bilgi sunmayı hedeflemektedir.
Blockchain Technology: A Comprehensive Overview, Applications, and Future Prospects
Authors: Asst. Prof. Fatima Tamboli
Published: March 2024

Blockchain technology has appeared as a game changer, revolutionizing several industries by providing a decentralized and secure method of recording, storing, and verifying transactions. This research paper explores the fundamentals of blockchain, its underlying principles, applications across different sectors, challenges, and potential future developments. This paper attempts to shed light on blockchain's impact on the global economy and its role in determining the future of technology through a thorough study
Pediatric Occupational Therapists’ Perspectives on Sleep: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Hartman Amy G. , Caspero Kaitlyn , Bodison Stefanie C. , Soehner Adriane , Akcakaya Murat , DeAlmeida Dilhari , Bendixen Roxanna
Published: March 2024

Importance: Insufficient sleep is common among children seeking occupational therapy services but is rarely a focus of therapy despite sleep’s critical impact on health.

Objective: To examine pediatric occupational therapists’ experiences, views, and confidence in addressing sleep concerns in their practice as well as barriers to and supports for doing so.

Design: A qualitative descriptive study with thematic analysis of data from 1-hr virtual interviews. Rapport building, multiple-coder analysis, and member checking were used to ensure reliability and validity.

Setting: Interviews were conducted remotely at each participant’s preferred time and location.

Participants: Pediatric occupational therapists (N = 20) practicing across multiple settings in the United States were recruited through emails directed to their place of work and social media posts. A goal of 20 participants was set a priori with the goal of thematic saturation.

Outcomes and Measures: A semistructured interview guide.

Results: Participants were predominately cisgender (95%), female (85%), and White, non-Hispanic (90%). Overall, they voiced the importance of sleep but reported almost never writing sleep-related goals. Reported barriers that affected the participants’ ability to fully address sleep in practice included therapists’ lack of confidence and knowledge and low caregiver buy-in.

Conclusions and Relevance: The findings identify themes on the basis of which actionable steps toward promoting occupational therapists as sleep champions can be developed. Future implications include increasing sleep education opportunities, enhancing awareness of sleep health’s impact on goal areas, and facilitating discussions about occupational therapy’s role within the medical system and family system in supporting sleep.

Plain-Language Summary: This qualitative study identifies what helps and hinders occupational therapists in addressing the sleep health concerns of their clients. We give occupational therapy clinicians and educators key supports to seek out or barriers to address.
“In Cairo also I worried my archaeological friends”: J. Norman Lockyer and Archaeoastronomy
Authors: Steele Beatrice Honey
Published: March 2024

It has long been acknowledged that J. Norman Lockyer played a central role in the foundation of archaeoastronomy as a field in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. His interest in “orientation” flourished on a visit to Egypt, where he became convinced that rigorous scientific methods could be used to prove archaeological theories concerning ancient religions.However, despite the promising prospect of a public intellectual entering the sparse discourse around archaeoastronomy, little happened to promote the discipline after the Egyptian expedition. Whilst Lockyer is often framed as a lonely figure working at the dawn of the field, newly digitised lantern slides from the Norman Lockyer Observatory archives reveal his extensive interactions with a dedicated network of British archaeoastronomical researchers. Lockyer’s work, along with that of his new community, came at a very unfortunate time. This paper seeks to explain why he was shunned by prominent archaeologists, and why the discourse around archaeoastronomy up until his time smothered Lockyer’s attempts to legitimize orientation.
Comparative analysis of codes white given by the emergency departments of two different third level hospitals in Ankara
Authors: Yavuz Danışık Mehmet , Özensoy Habibe Selmin , Kahraman Fatih Ahmet , Güllüoğlu Mehmet , Şener Alp , Günaydın Yahya Kemal , Oğuztürk Hakan
Published: March 2024

Aims: In our study, we aimed to compare the codes white given by the emergency services of two tertiary hospitals in Ankara, to reveal the significant differences between them and to discuss the reasons that may lead to these differences.
Methods: In our study, we compared the codes white data given from the Emergency Medicine Department of Bilkent Ankara City Hospital (ABCH) and Ankara Training and Research Hospital (ATRH) between 01.01.2021 and 31.12.2022. We classified the data according to the gender, occupation, working hours of the violence, the person who caused the violence, and the type of violence. For research analysis, we grouped the data using Windows-based Microsoft 365 Excel, and for statistical analysis, we used IBM SPSS version 26.
Results: The gender that was exposed to violence more in ABCH was women, the most frequent perpetrators were the
relatives of the patients, and the type of violence experienced was verbal violence. In ATRH, male health workers were the
most frequently exposed to violence, while the most frequent perpetrator was the patient himself, and more cases of physical violence were reported.
Conclusion: There are significant differences between the incidents of violence in the emergency departments of the two
hospitals, which have different socio-cultural environments due to their location.
Vozes do Brasil profundo
Authors: O Nascimento Elimar Pinheiro do , Marques Nayara Rodrigues
Published: March 2024

Fatos recentes chamaram a atenção da opinião pública brasileira para a organização dos quilombos e a sua articulação com povos indígenas, assentados da reforma agrária e comunidades tradicionais, entre outros. Discute-se aqui esta organização a partir de dois livros a respeito do tema: Por Terra e território de Joelson Ferreira e Erahsto Felício e A terra dá, a terra quer de Antônio Bispo do Santos. Destaca-se a proposição do movimento Teia dos Povos, presente em 11 estados brasileiros, que recusa o jogo político, guarda uma relação cuidadosa com o mercado e aproximações mínimas com o Estado. Nossa interpretação é que as proposições dos dois livros, incluído o movimento da Teia dos Povos, se enquadram nas iniciativas denominadas de pós-desenvolvimentistas, em que coletivos humanos buscam uma autonomia em relação às instituições da modernidade, a revalorização das identidades culturais e se propõem a (re)criar uma relação menos antropocêntrica entre humanos e natureza.
Marketing Strategies, Competitiveness and Sustainability Practices of Tourists Destinations
Authors: Belarmino Michael Marcelino , DM Anelyn A. Janaban,
Published: March 2024

The study was conducted to determine the marketing strategies, competitiveness and sustainability practices of tourist destinations. The subjects of the study were the employee of Department of Tourism and owner of Tourist Destination, in the Province of Aklan, Philippines for the year 2023. They were equated according to educational attainment, position, years of operation, types of tourist attraction, and municipality. The study utilized descriptive – correlational research design and the statistical tools used were Frequency Count, Percentage, Mean, Kruskal Wallis H-Test and Spearman Rho. All statistical computations were processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) Software. The margin of error was set at .05 alpha. The findings of the study revealed that the majority of respondents were highest educational attainment bachelor’s degree, rank in file for the position, natural with 1-5 years above in operation municipality of Tangalan. The marketing strategies among tourists destinations were employed, competitiveness level were most competitive, and level of sustainability practices was mostly practiced. The research underscores the critical role of aligning marketing strategies with tourists' wants and needs, ensuring continuous enhancement of services, preserving the natural and cultural environment, and boosting business profitability. The findings emphasize that effective marketing strategies lead to improved products and services, driving competitiveness and innovation in tourism destinations. Moreover, the study highlights the heightened competition among tourist destinations due to an increasing number of visitors, underscoring the need for sustaining a competitive advantage. Additionally, the study underscores the significance of sustainability practices in ensuring remarkable guest experiences and long-term tourism management, emphasizing the importance of meeting customer expectations. Lastly, the research establishes a significant relationship between marketing strategies, sustainability practices, and competitiveness, emphasizing their impact on customer satisfaction, business success, and community growth.
Choice between FSCS and LCCS - Relative Importance of Corporate and Government Initiatives
Authors: V V Subrahmanyam , R Satish Kumar , N Nagraj
Published: March 2024

With a modest start in 2003, Low-Cost Carriers (LCCs) have become a dominant player and the most preferred mode of air transport in India. As per the latest reports, the market share of LCCs had touched 82% during FY 2022. This type of progress could not have been achieved without proactive initiatives taken by both the Airline Management and the Government of India. This article tries to analyze various initiatives taken up at the corporate level and at the Government level to make air travel accessible and affordable to the general public. Five attributes under corporate initiatives and four attributes under government initiatives have been identified and analyzed through a survey collected from 300 passengers from Bengaluru, India. The data is analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results show that the UDAN scheme – an initiative of the Government of India (GOI) is the most important attribute that passengers consider when choosing an air carrier. This is followed by Brand Image, Safety/ Reliability. Two more initiatives of the GOI namely De-regulation policies and Tariff Structure are the next two important attributes followed by Airfare. Advertising and Promotion, Infrastructure Development, and Frequent Flyer Program (FFP) are the least important attributes.
Research into the process of soil preparation for sowing spring and row crops using a mounted cultivator KMN-4-01
Authors:   Azov-Black Sea Engineering Institute of Donskoy GAU, Lipkovich Igor , Lukhanin Vladimir , Egorova Irina , Petrenko Nadezhda , Ukraintsev Maxim
Published: March 2024

The main goal of farmers in our country is to reduce the costs associated with cultivating crops, as well as the use of advanced technologies in the field of crop production aimed at increasing soil fertility and productivity. One of the main areas that allows reducing costs is the use of universal agricultural machinery, which, with minimal changes to the working parts, can perform various technological operations on the same machine. The design of the multifunctional mounted cultivator KMN-4-01 considered in the work is intended for cultivating soil for sowing spring and row crops and for cultivating fallow fields. The cultivator is a mounted implement; depending on the type of soil cultivation being performed, working parts can be installed on the cultivator, which are formed by various combinations - a chisel, a body with a left and right blade, a blade. Field tests of the cultivator for compliance with technical conditions were carried out at the Federal State Budgetary Institution "North Caucasus MIS"; based on the test results, comments were identified, after elimination of which the cultivator can be used at agricultural enterprises. Keywords: SOIL, SOWING, MOUNTED CULTIVATOR, AGRICULTURAL CROP, AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY, CROP PRODUCTION, TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS
Perineum
Authors: Özkuş Kaya
Published: March 2024

Perineum'un sınırları anterior`da symphysis pubica, her iki anterolateral`de ramus inferior ossis pubis ve ramus ossis ischii, lateral`de tuber ischiadicum, her iki posterolateral’de lig. sacrotuberale, arkada os sacrum ve os coccyx’dir. Perineum’da, pelvik alt açıklığı kapatan yapılar bulunur. Bu yapılar kas ve fasyalardan oluşan pelvik diyafram ve ürogenital diyaframdır. Perineumda anatomik olarak superfisiyal perineal poş ve derin perineal poş adı verilen iki alan tariflenmiştir. Erkek perineumunda penis, scrotum ve anüs, kadın perineumunda vulva ve anüs yer alır.
Cumhuriyet Eğitimi ve Modern Kadın Kimliğinin İnşası
Authors: Soydan Erdemir Aynur
Published: March 2024

Osmanlı modernleşmesiyle gündeme gelen kamusal eğitim, Cumhuriyet’e giden yolda önemli bir temel oluştursa da eğitime ilişkin kurumsallaşma çabaları, kim için, ne için, nasıl bir eğitim gibi soruları açıklıkla yanıtlayabilecek bütünsel bir çerçeveye sahip değildi. Batı aydınlanmasını yaratan sosyo-ekonomik koşulları yakalayamayan Osmanlı devleti, oluşturulan modern eğitim kurumları yoluyla Aydınlama düşüncesine ve uzantılarına alan açmaya çalışmıştı. Kadınları da kapsayan, eğitime yönelik düzenleme ve kurumsallaşmalar bu sürecin ürünü oldu. Bununla birlikte hukuk alanında olduğu gibi, eğitimde de geleneksel/tutucu müdahale ortadan kaldırılamadı. Balkan savaşları, 1. Dünya Savaşı koşuları da zorlayıcı ve travmatikti elbette. Ülkenin işgaline karşı verilen savaşın zaferle sonuçlanmasının hemen ardından Bağımsızlık Savaşının önderi Atatürk, eğitime ve kadınların eğitimine ilişkin öğretici konuşmalar yapmaya başladığında önceki dönemin ikircikli tutumuna düşmeme konusunda kararlı olduğu görüldü. Eğitim alanında gerçekleştirilecek düzenlemelerin ve bunları tamamlayacak toplumsal devrimlerin hazırlığı yapılırken, çağdaş uygarlığın bir parçası olarak bağımsız bir devlet varlığı hedeflenmekteydi. Devletin yurttaşları bilgisizlikten kurtarılmalı, bilgi yaygınlaştırılmalı, ulusal temelli bilimsel ve laik eğitim kurumsallaşmalı, eğitimde kadın erkek eşitliği sağlanmalı ve bunun doğal sonucu olarak kadınların kamusal alandaki varlığı etkinleştirilmeliydi. Siyasal, ekonomik ve toplumsal ilişkilerin dönüştürülmesi için eğitim yoluyla verili zihinsel kodları da değiştirmek, kadın erkek her bireyi yurttaş kimliğinde birleştirmek gerekiyordu. Yokluk, yoksulluk içinde bir ülke olarak eğitim kurumları oluşturmanın bile çok zor olduğu bir süreçten geçiliyordu ama daha büyük güçlük dinin ya da din görüntüsündeki geleneklerin hem devlet hem de toplum üzerindeki etkisinin kaldırılmasını sağlamaktı. Bu çalışmada; Atatürk’ün müdaheleleri, Cumhuriyet kadrolarının kararlı tutumu ve kadınların da görünür olmasıyla eğitimde kadın erkek eşitliğiyle başlayan sürecin eşit yurttaşlıkla tamamlandığı ortaya konmuştur. Yazıda belirtildiği gibi kadınları ailede, toplumda daha ileri noktalara taşıyabilecek gelişmeler kesintiye uğramış olmakla birlikte, kadınlar elde etmiş oldukları kazanımları değerlendirebilecek, bunlara yenilerini ekleyecek bilince sahip olmuşlardır
REVIEW OF CARBON PRICING MECHANISMS: EFFECTIVENESS AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Authors: Stella Emeka-Okoli  , Christiana Adanma Otonnah  , Tochukwu Chinwuba Nwankwo  , Ekene Ezinwa Nwankwo
Published: March 2024

The escalating threat of climate change has intensified the need for robust strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon pricing mechanisms have emerged as pivotal tools in this endeavor, aiming to internalize the external cost of carbon emissions and incentivize cleaner, more sustainable practices. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various carbon pricing mechanisms, evaluating their effectiveness and exploring the policy implications for future implementations. The review categorizes carbon pricing mechanisms into three main types: Carbon Taxes, Cap-and-Trade Systems, and Hybrid Approaches. Each mechanism is examined in terms of its characteristics, case studies from jurisdictions that have implemented them, and a critical assessment of their effectiveness and challenges. The paper evaluates the impact of carbon pricing mechanisms on economic sectors, assessing their influence on industry and their role in stimulating innovation. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the effectiveness of these mechanisms in achieving emission reductions, considering their impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, the review delves into the social and distributional impacts of carbon pricing, analyzing its equity aspects and identifying potential challenges. Drawing from implemented policies, the review extracts valuable lessons and insights. It explores the integration of carbon pricing with other climate policies, examining synergies and coordination possibilities. The discussion also includes the potential for global cooperation and harmonization, recognizing challenges and opportunities for aligning international efforts. As a forward-looking aspect, the paper explores innovative approaches to carbon pricing, considering technological advancements and market-based solutions. It concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of carbon pricing mechanisms, addressing challenges, and providing insights for policymakers and stakeholders. This review consolidates current knowledge on carbon pricing mechanisms, shedding light on their effectiveness and unveiling important policy implications. By synthesizing lessons learned from implemented policies, the paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on effective climate change mitigation strategies, emphasizing the role of dynamic, adaptable, and equitable carbon pricing mechanisms.

Keywords: Carbon Pricing, Mechanisms, Climate change mitigation, Effectiveness, and Policy Implications.
DIGITAL MARKETING IN TOURISM: A REVIEW OF PRACTICES IN THE USA AND AFRICA
Authors: Mustafa Ayobami Raji  , Hameedat Bukola Olodo  , Timothy Tolulope Oke  , Wilhelmina Afua Addy  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Adedoyin Tolulope Oyewole
Published: March 2024

Digital marketing has become an indispensable tool in the tourism industry, shaping the way destinations engage with travelers and promoting economic growth. This study provides a comprehensive review of digital marketing practices in the USA and Africa, shedding light on the similarities, differences, and emerging trends. In the USA, a mature and competitive tourism market, digital marketing strategies are highly sophisticated. Utilizing platforms such as social media, search engine optimization (SEO), and content marketing, American destinations strive to capture the attention of a diverse and discerning audience. The integration of data analytics and personalized marketing campaigns has allowed for precise targeting, enhancing the overall effectiveness of promotional efforts. Additionally, the USA's tourism industry has embraced influencer collaborations and immersive technologies to create compelling narratives and experiences. Contrastingly, in Africa, the digital marketing landscape is characterized by a blend of traditional and modern approaches. While some regions are still grappling with infrastructural challenges, others are leveraging digital platforms to showcase their rich cultural and natural attractions. Social media campaigns, mobile applications, and partnerships with travel influencers are gaining traction to enhance visibility. Moreover, the emergence of online travel agencies and booking platforms has facilitated easier access for international tourists interested in exploring the diverse offerings of the African continent. Despite regional disparities, both the USA and Africa face common challenges such as ensuring data privacy, adapting to rapidly evolving technologies, and fostering sustainable tourism practices. As the tourism industry continues to recover from global disruptions, the importance of digital marketing as a catalyst for growth and resilience cannot be overstated. This study contributes to the understanding of digital marketing in tourism by presenting a comparative analysis of practices in the USA and Africa. The insights derived from this review offer valuable guidance for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and marketers seeking to navigate the dynamic landscape of digital promotion in the tourism sector.

Keywords: Digital Marketing, USA, Africa, Business, Innovation, Review.
ENHANCING MEDICATION QUALITY CONTROL IN NIGERIA: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF REGULATORY CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Michael Alurame Eruaga  , Esther Oleiye Itua  , James Tabat Bature
Published: March 2024

Medication quality control in Nigeria faces multifaceted challenges rooted in regulatory inefficiencies, infrastructural limitations, and systemic inadequacies. This study undertakes a comprehensive analysis of these challenges while proposing pragmatic solutions to bolster the quality control framework in the Nigerian pharmaceutical sector. Drawing upon extensive literature review and expert insights, the research identifies key regulatory challenges impeding effective medication quality control in Nigeria. These challenges encompass inadequate regulatory capacity, inconsistent enforcement mechanisms, rampant substandard and counterfeit medications, and limited access to essential medicines. Additionally, infrastructural deficiencies such as inadequate laboratory facilities and insufficient human resources further exacerbate the problem, leading to compromised patient safety and public health risks. In response to these challenges, the study proposes a multifaceted approach to enhance medication quality control in Nigeria. This includes strengthening regulatory frameworks through legislative reforms aimed at bolstering enforcement capabilities and harmonizing standards with international best practices. Moreover, improving regulatory capacity through training programs and investment in state-of-the-art laboratory infrastructure is essential to enhance surveillance and detection of substandard medications. Furthermore, fostering collaboration between regulatory agencies, healthcare providers, and pharmaceutical manufacturers is imperative to streamline supply chains and ensure the integrity of medications from production to distribution. Additionally, public awareness campaigns and community engagement initiatives play a pivotal role in empowering consumers to make informed decisions and report instances of substandard medications. By addressing these regulatory challenges and implementing comprehensive solutions, Nigeria can significantly enhance medication quality control, safeguard patient health, and foster a conducive environment for pharmaceutical innovation and growth.

Keywords:  Medical, Medication, Drugs, Quality Control, Nigeria, Regulations, Review.
COMPOSITE BOND RESISTANCE TO DENTIN AFTER TREATMENT WITH SILVER DIAMINO FLUORIDE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Pereira Graça de Maria Abreu , Brito Jordana Almeida , Ferreira Rayenne Augusta Mota , Cardenas Andres Felipe Millan , Carvalho Edilausson Moreno , Cost Cyrene Piazera Silva
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the possible impact of silver diamine fluoride treatment on the bond strength of composite resin to dentin, with the aim of providing relevant insights for the appropriate use of this product in dental practice. The research was conducted through queries to the electronic databases EBSCOhost and Google Scholar from 2011 to 2021, using the search strategy "silver diamine fluoride” AND “adhesion” AND “dentin”. The identified articles were evaluated independently by three blind evaluators, following inclusion criteria that covered in vitro studies that used permanent human teeth and investigated adhesion to dentin after the use of silver diamine fluoride. The methodological quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Modified Jadad Scale, resulting in the inclusion of three articles of good quality and low degree of bias for analysis and final review, among the 776 initially identified. The studies analyzed revealed different results, indicating a possible compatibility of the use of silver diamine fluoride in the adhesion of composite resin to dentin with different adhesive systems. However, it should be noted that it was not possible to reach a definitive conclusion about the impact of DFP on bond strength. Therefore, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and determine the optimal conditions for the use of DFP in dental practice, especially with regard to the longevity of the resulting restorations.
Perception of primary care doctors towards telemedicine in Kuching, Sarawak: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Su Xu Vin , Isnani Sutiman , Sharifah Khadijah Wan Mohamad Suut , Shareezan Hoklai Sarudu , Lau Lih Kai , Maziah Ishak , Ahmad Tajuddin Nur Amani , Chan Chun Wai
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Telemedicine is the provision of healthcare remotely via information and communications technology (ICT). This study aimed to assess the familiarity and factors related to the perception towards telemedicine and the willingness to practise telemedicine among primary care doctors.
Methods: A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted prospectively at all public healthcare clinics across Kuching, Sarawak. A questionnaire was adapted and modified from an overseas validated questionnaire, consisting of four parts: demographic data, familiarity towards telemedicine, factors related to the perception of telemedicine and willingness to implement telemedicine.
Results: A total of 131 doctors were recruited. Of them, 43.5% had never interacted with patients via email, WhatsApp or Telegram, while 68.7% had never attended any conferences, speeches or meetings regarding telemedicine. The doctors had low familiarity towards guidelines, technology and medical applications of telemedicine. The majority agreed on the ability of telemedicine to save patients’ time and money, the potential of ICT in healthcare and the necessity during a pandemic but perceived the possibility of technical difficulties. The doctors who had experience in interacting with patients via email, WhatsApp or Telegram (P=0.001) and those who had ≤8 years of working experience (P=0.04) had a significantly better perception towards telemedicine.
Conclusion: Although the familiarity towards telemedicine among public primary care doctors is low, their perception is good in a majority of areas. Adequate technological support and continuous education on telemedicine and its guidelines, especially medicolegal issues, are imperative to adopt and propagate telemedicine in primary care.
JUIZADOS ESPECIAIS COMO MECANISMO DE ACESSO À JUSTIÇA NOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA
Authors: Veras Fernanda Andrade , Quintiliano Leonardo David
Published: March 2024

Este artigo busca precipuamente estudar o modelo americano de Juizados Especiais, tendo por parâmetro o conceito amplo de acesso à justiça e as questões identificadas no Projeto de Florença. Como objetivo acessório, o trabalho se presta a uma análise comparativa entre os sistemas de juizados especiais no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Utilizando pesquisa bibliográfica e o método hipotético dedutivo, verifica-se que ambos os países implementaram seus modelos com o objetivo de proporcionar uma resposta mais rápida e acessível à população, em especial, àquela carente de recursos, na resolução de litígios. Examina-se a estrutura e os procedimentos desses juizados, com recorte nas Small Claims Courts, destacando semelhanças e diferenças que refletem as características únicas de cada sistema jurídico, para se chegar à dedução final acerca da eficiência e utilidade do sistema americano, na promoção de uma acessibilidade jurisdicional mais ampla à sua população.
BENEFÍCIOS DA CIRURGIA ROBÓTICA SOB A ÓTICA DA ENFERMAGEM: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Castro Kemely de , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves , Constantino Gabriel Nivaldo Brito , Jeronimo Juliana Santos Lindesay , Acioli  Milena Maria da Silva , Silva Isaías dos Santos
Published: March 2024

Introdução: A utilização de robôs em procedimentos cirúrgicos tem sido bem mais frequente durante os tempos contemporâneos. A Cirurgia Robótica trata-se de um procedimento muito complexo, inovador e que exige a presença de enfermeiros devidamente capacitados tanto na questão técnico-científica, quanto na questão prática diante dos procedimentos que serão desenvolvidos pelo mesmo. Diante desse contexto, o estudo discute através de uma revisão bibliográfica  fatores que abordam os benefícios da Cirurgia Robótica sob a ótica da enfermagem. Além disso, apresenta-se as características presentes na segurança do paciente no centro cirúrgico, a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem para os benefícios da cirurgia robótica e a atuação do enfermeiro na Cirurgia Robótica. Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo analisar e entender os benefícios da Cirurgia Robótica sob a ótica da enfermagem. Análise e discussão dos resultados: O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com os dados coletados através de meio eletrônico pela Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Conclusão: Os objetivos do estudo foram alcançados, com a criação de um artigo embasado em uma extensa revisão de literatura, onde obteve-se dados sólidos e verídicos sobre os benefícios da cirurgia robótica sob a ótica da enfermagem. Um aspecto importante, pois a cirurgia robótica oferece menor  dor,  cicatrizes  menores  e  melhores  resultados  estéticos.
3D wind observations with a compact mobile lidar based on tropo- and stratospheric aerosol backscatter
Authors: Mense Thorben H. , Höffner Josef , Baumgarten Gerd , Eixmann Ronald , Froh Jan , Mauer Alsu , Munk Alexander , Wing Robin , Lübken Franz-Josef
Published: March 2024

Abstract. We present the first measurements of simultaneous horizontal and vertical winds using a new lidar system developed at the Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Kühlungsborn, Germany (54.12° N, 11.77° E), for the concept of Vertical And Horizontal COverage by LIdars (VAHCOLI). We describe the technical details of a multi-field-of-view (MFOV) upgrade, which allows the measurement of wind dynamics in the transition region from microscale to mesoscale (103–104 m). The method was applied at the edge of a developing high-pressure region, covering altitudes between 3 and 25 km. Comparisons between the lidar measurements and data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) show excellent agreement for the meridional wind component along the north beam of the lidar, which is better than 0.30±0.33 m s−1, while along the south beam, a higher deviation with -0.93±0.73 m s−1 is observed. Measurements of vertical wind show a significant underestimation of this component by ECMWF. Comparison of Aeolus winds to the lidar winds projected to the Aeolus viewing direction shows good agreement, with results better than -0.12±3.31 m s−1. The capability of the MFOV lidar to explore small-scale asymmetries in the wind field is shown by a comparison of the north and south field of view, where we observe a wind asymmetry in the meridional winds, which is also present in ECMWF but underestimated by a factor of approximately 4.