bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulation patterns associated with trends in summer temperature variability patterns in North America
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie , Lee Cameron C.
Published: August 2023

This study improves the understanding of circulation patterns associated with regional temperature trends by characterizing boreal summer temperature variability patterns in North America using rotated S-mode principal component analysis. We analyzed gridded observational 2-m temperature datasets and the ERA5 reanalysis temperature dataset to examine the climate patterns associated with long-term trends and inter-annual variability of temperature variability patterns in North America. Our analysis revealed significant trends among some classified temperature variability patterns from 1979 to 2022 summers, with inter-annual amplitudes (i.e., a departure from the mean state) signaling toward the warm regime. The anticyclonic circulation anomaly over the temperature coherent regions associated with Greenland/northeastern Canada, and Alaska, respectively, is linked to an increase in warm air advection and above-average temperatures, while cyclonic circulation over the northeast Pacific coast enhanced warm air advection and temperature increases in the coherent region comprising the northwestern portion of North America. The increase in global mean land and ocean temperatures is strongly associated with the long-term increase in the amplitude of atmospheric circulations associated with warm regimes in parts of North America. At the interannual time scale, temperature increase over Greenland/northeastern Canada is strongly associated with the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation. These findings highlight the modulating effects of global temperature increase and warming of the western tropical Pacific Ocean on the increasing amplitude of circulations associated with warm regimes in North America. Our results further indicate that the enhancement of anticyclonic circulations over the Arctic contributes to nearly 68% of the observed reduction in sea ice extent.
The symmetry-induced numerosity illusion depends on visual attention
Authors: Maldonado Moscoso Paula A. , Maduli Giuseppe , Anobile Giovanni , Arrighi Roberto , Castaldi Elisa
Published: August 2023

Symmetry is an important and strong cue we rely on to organize the visual world. Although it is at the basis of objects segmentation in a visual scene, it can sometimes bias our perception. When asked to discriminate numerical quantities between symmetric and asymmetric arrays, individuals tend to underestimate the number of items in the symmetric stimuli. The reason for this underestimation is currently unknown. In this study we investigated whether the symmetry-induced numerosity underestimation depends on perceptual grouping mechanisms by depriving attentional resources. Twenty-six adults judged the numerosity of dot arrays arranged symmetrically or randomly, while ignoring a visual distractor (single task) or while simultaneously judging its color and orientation (dual-task). Diverting attention to the concurrent color–orientation conjunction task halved the symmetry-induced numerosity underestimation. Taken together these results showed that the bias in numerosity perception of symmetric arrays depends—at least partially—on attentional resources and suggested that it might originate from the recruitment of attentional dependent incremental grouping mechanisms.
A comparative analysis of aerosol exposure and prevention strategies in bystander, pre-hospital, and inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation using simulation manikins
Authors: Hung Tzu-Yao , Wen Chung-Shiung , Yu Sheng-Han , Chen Yi-Chang , Chen Hsin-Ling , Chen Wei-Lun , Wu Chih-Chieh , Su Yung-Cheng , Lin Chun-Lung , Hu Shih-Cheng , Lin Tee
Published: August 2023

To evaluate aerosol exposure risk and prevention strategies during bystander, pre-hospital, and inpatient cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This study compared hands-only CPR, CPR with a surgical or N95 mask, and CPR with a non-rebreather mask at 15 L/min. 30:2 compression–ventilation ratio CPR was tested with face-mask ventilation (FMV), FMV with a high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter; supraglottic airway (SGA), SGA with a surgical mask, SGA with a HEPA filter, or SGA with both. Continuous CPR was tested with an endotracheal tube (ET), ET with a surgical mask, a HEPA filter, or both. Aerosol concentration at the head, trunk, and feet of the mannequin were measured to evaluate exposure to CPR personnel. Hands-only CPR with a surgical or N95 face mask coverings and ET tube ventilation CPR with filters showed the lowest aerosol exposure among all study groups, including CPR with NRM oxygenation, FMV, and SGA ventilation. NRM had a mask effect and reduced aerosol exposure at the head, trunk, and feet of the mannequin. FMV with filters during 30:2 CPR reduced aerosol exposure at the head and trunk, but increased at the feet of the mannequin. A tightly-sealed SGA when used with a HEPA filter, reduced aerosol exposure by 21.00–63.14% compared with a loose-fitting one. Hands-only CPR with a proper fit surgical or N95 face mask coverings is as safe as ET tube ventilation CPR with filters, compared with CPR with NRM, FMV, and SGA. FMV or tight-sealed SGA ventilation with filters prolonged the duration to achieve estimated infective dose of SARS-CoV-2 2.4–2.5 times longer than hands-on CPR only. However, a loose-fitting SGA is not protective at all to chest compressor or health workers standing at the foot side of the victim, so should be used with caution even when using with HEPA filters.
The anti-cancer effect and mechanism of animal scale-derived extract on malignant melanoma cells
Authors: Song Lanni , Li Chen , Yu Jia , Yang Yixin , Tian Xuechen , Choo Siew Woh
Published: August 2023

Melanoma is a type of cancer with abnormal proliferation of melanocytes and is one of the most diagnosed cancer types. In traditional Chinese medicine, pangolin scales have been used to treat various diseases, including human cancers. However, its efficacy has not been scientifically proven. Here we studied the anticancer effect and mechanism of pangolin scale extract (PSE) on melanoma cell lines using scientific approaches. Our cell viability assay shows that PSE exhibits up to approximately 50–80% inhibition on SK-MEL-103 and A375 melanoma cell lines. Mechanically, PSE inhibits melanoma cell proliferation, migration, and causes changes in cell morphology. The apoptosis assay showed a significant chromosomal condensation inside the PSE-treated melanoma cells. The sequencing and analysis of A375 melanoma cell transcriptomes revealed 3077 differentially expressed genes in the 6 h treatment group and 8027 differentially expressed genes in the 72 h treatment group. Transcriptome analysis suggests that PSE may cause cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells and promote apoptosis mainly by up-regulating the p53 signaling pathway and down-regulating the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In this study, the anticancer effect of PSE was demonstrated by molecular biological means. PSE shows a significant inhibition effect on melanoma cell proliferation and cell migration in vitro, causes cell cycle arrest and promotes apoptosis through p53 and PI3K-AKT pathways. This study provides better insights into the anti-cancer efficacy and underlying mechanism of PSE and a theoretical basis for mining anticancer compounds or the development of new treatments for melanoma in the future. It is worth noting that this study does not advocate the use of the pangolin scale for disease treatment, but only to confirm its usefulness from a scientific research perspective and to encourage subsequent research around the development of active compounds to replace pangolin scales to achieve the conservation of this endangered species.
Efficacy of azilsartan on left ventricular diastolic dysfunction compared with candesartan: J-TASTE randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ito Shin , Takahama Hiroyuki , Asakura Masanori , Abe Yukio , Ajioka Masayoshi , Anzai Toshihisa , Arikawa Takuo , Hayashi Takaharu , Higashino Yorihiko , Hiramitsu Shinya , Iwahashi Noriaki , Izumi Chisato , Kimura Kazuo , Kinugawa Koichiro , Kioka Hidetaka , Lim Young-Jae , Matsuoka Ken , Matsuoka Satoshi , Motoki Hirohiko , Nakamura Sunao , Nakayama Takafumi , Nomura Akihiro , Sasaoka Taishi , Takiuchi Shin , Toyoda Shigeru , Ueda Tomoya , Watanabe Tetsuya , Yamada Akira , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Sozu Takashi , Kitakaze Masafumi
Published: August 2023

Characterized by ventricular and vascular stiffness, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has led to high morbidity and mortality. As azilsartan is an angiotensin receptor blocker with the highest myocardial and vascular affinities, azilsartan may improve the left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in patients with hypertension and either HFpEF or HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF) more than candesartan. In this randomized, open-label trial, we randomly assigned 193 hypertensive patients with HF and LV ejection fraction ≥ 45% to 20 mg of azilsartan (n = 95) or 8 mg of candesartan (n = 98), once daily for 48 weeks. After the initiation of treatment, changes in the doses of the study drugs were permitted based on the patient’s conditions, including blood pressure (median dose at 48 weeks: azilsartan 20.0 mg/day, candesartan 8.0 mg/day). The primary endpoint was the baseline-adjusted change in the ratio of peak early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E) to early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) (E/e′). Adjusted least-squares mean (LSM) change in E/e′ was − 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] − 1.49 to − 0.04) in the azilsartan group and 0.2 (95% CI − 0.49 to 0.94) in the candesartan group, providing the LSM differences of − 1.0 (95% CI − 2.01 to 0.03, P = 0.057). The median change in left atrial volume index was – 2.7 mL/m2 with azilsartan vs 1.4 mL/m2 with candesartan (P = 0.091). The frequency of adverse events related to hypotension and hyperkalemia did not differ between the groups. The current study did not provide strong evidence that azilsartan improves LV diastolic dysfunction, and further confirmatory study is required.
Duration and accuracy of automated stroke CT workflow with AI-supported intracranial large vessel occlusion detection
Authors: Temmen Sander E. , Becks Marinus J. , Schalekamp Steven , van Leeuwen Kicky G. , Meijer Frederick J. A.
Published: August 2023

The Automation Platform (AP) is a software platform to support the workflow of radiologists and includes a stroke CT package with integrated artificial intelligence (AI) based tools. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the AP for the detection of intracranial large vessel occlusions (LVO) on conventional CT angiography (CTA), and the duration of CT processing in a cohort of acute stroke patients. The diagnostic performance for intracranial LVO detection on CTA by the AP was evaluated in a retrospective cohort of 100 acute stroke patients and compared to the diagnostic performance of five radiologists with different levels of experience. The reference standard was set by an independent neuroradiologist, with access to the readings of the different radiologists, clinical data, and follow-up. The data processing time of the AP for ICH detection on non-contrast CT, LVO detection on CTA, and the processing of CTP maps was assessed in a subset 60 patients of the retrospective cohort. This was compared to 13 radiologists, who were prospectively timed for the processing and reading of 21 stroke CTs. The AP showed shorter processing time of CTA (mean 60 versus 395 s) and CTP (mean 196 versus 243–349 s) as compared to radiologists, but showed lower sensitivity for LVO detection (sensitivity 77% of the AP vs mean sensitivity 87% of radiologists). If the AP would have been used as a stand-alone system, 1 ICA occlusion, 2 M1 occlusions and 8 M2 occlusions would have been missed, which would be eligible for mechanical thrombectomy. In conclusion, the AP showed shorter processing time of CTA and CTP as compared with radiologists, which illustrates the potential of the AP to speed-up the diagnostic work-up. However, its performance for LVO detection was lower as compared with radiologists, especially for M2 vessel occlusions.
Moonlighting Arabidopsis molybdate transporter 2 family and GSH-complex formation facilitate molybdenum homeostasis
Authors: Weber Jan-Niklas , Minner-Meinen Rieke , Behnecke Maria , Biedendieck Rebekka , Hänsch Veit G. , Hercher Thomas W. , Hertweck Christian , van den Hout Lena , Knüppel Lars , Sivov Simon , Schulze Jutta , Mendel Ralf-R. , Hänsch Robert , Kaufholdt David
Published: August 2023

Molybdenum (Mo) as essential micronutrient for plants, acts as active component of molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Core metabolic processes like nitrate assimilation or abscisic-acid biosynthesis rely on Moco-dependent enzymes. Although a family of molybdate transport proteins (MOT1) is known to date in Arabidopsis, molybdate homeostasis remained unclear. Here we report a second family of molybdate transporters (MOT2) playing key roles in molybdate distribution and usage. KO phenotype-analyses, cellular and organ-specific localization, and connection to Moco-biosynthesis enzymes via protein-protein interaction suggest involvement in cellular import of molybdate in leaves and reproductive organs. Furthermore, we detected a glutathione-molybdate complex, which reveals how vacuolar storage is maintained. A putative Golgi S-adenosyl-methionine transport function was reported recently for the MOT2-family. Here, we propose a moonlighting function, since clear evidence of molybdate transport was found in a yeast-system. Our characterization of the MOT2-family and the detection of a glutathione-molybdate complex unveil the plant-wide way of molybdate.
Noninvasive disruption of the blood-brain barrier in the marmoset monkey
Authors: Parks T. Vincenza , Szuzupak Diego , Choi Sang-Ho , Alikaya Aydin , Mou Yongshan , Silva Afonso C. , Schaeffer David J.
Published: August 2023

The common marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus) is a species of rising prominence in the neurosciences due to its small size, ease of handling, fast breeding, and its shared functional and structural brain characteristics with Old World primates. With increasing attention on modeling human brain diseases in marmosets, understanding how to deliver therapeutic or neurotropic agents to the marmoset brain noninvasively is of great preclinical importance. In other species, including humans, transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) aided by intravenously injected microbubbles has proven to be a transient, reliable, and safe method for disrupting the blood-brain barrier (BBB), allowing the focal passage of therapeutic agents that do not otherwise readily traverse the tight endothelial junctions of the BBB. The critical gap that we address here is to document parameters to disrupt the BBB reliably and safely in marmosets using tFUS. By integrating our marmoset brain atlases and the use of a marmoset-specific stereotactic targeting system, we conduct a series of systematic transcranial sonication experiments in nine marmosets. We demonstrate the effects of center frequency, acoustic pressure, burst period, and duration, establish a minimum microbubble dose, estimate microbubble clearance time, and estimate the duration that the BBB remains open to passage. Successful BBB disruption is reported in vivo with MRI-based contrast agents, as well as Evans blue staining assessed ex vivo. Histology (Hematoxylin and Eosin staining) and immunohistochemistry indicate that the BBB can be safely and reliably opened with the parameters derived from these experiments. The series of experiments presented here establish methods for safely, reproducibly, and focally perturbing the BBB using tFUS in the common marmoset monkey that can serve as a basis for noninvasive delivery of therapeutic or neurotropic agents.
Metal–Organic Frameworks in Green Analytical Chemistry
Authors: Potka-Wasylka Justyna , Rutkowska Małgorzata , Jatkowska Natalia , Zeraati Malihe , Sargaze Ghasem , Kaykhaii Massoud
Published: August 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous hybrid materials composed of metal ions and organic linkers, characterized by many unique properties, of which the most important are their crystallinity, the highest known surface areas, mechanical and thermal stability, selectivity, and reusability. As the adoption of MOFs can easily meet the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC), analytical chemistry has benefited a lot from the potential of MOF applications. MOFs have proven to be successful as sorbent materials in extraction/microextraction processes, as sensors, and as stationary or pseudo-stationary phases in chromatographic systems. However, considering the GAC principles, assurance of MOF sustainability must begin with MOF design, followed by an adequate synthetic methodology and toxicity evaluation of the resulting material, resulting in an analytical methodology that can be categorized as a GAC procedure. Taking all of these into consideration, a significant collaboration between materials science and analytical chemistry, with an emphasis on green chemistry, should be encouraged and strengthened. This chapter places particular emphasis on the efforts in making MOF synthesis greener and on the various routes and methods explored. In addition, the use of green approaches in the preparation of MOFs and/or in their incorporation into less-harmful analytical chemistry methods is discussed.
Use of Metal–Organic Frameworks in the Separation/Identification Stage of Analysis
Authors: Jalal Nahid Rezvani , Sarvestani Mohammad Reza Jalali , Khalili Sina , Asadi Sepideh , Ajdari Beheshteh , Fathi Ali , Moeinipour Alieh , Afkhami Abbas , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Ahmadi Mazaher
Published: August 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been successfully applied as sorbents in different separation methods, such as solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction. In addition, MOFs have been utilized as stationary phases for gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography and as membranes for gas separation, liquid separation, and ion separation. In this chapter, we investigate the potential of MOF-based separation methods for analytical applications. Various MOF-based sample separation approaches are described with a focus on the use of MOFs as the main materials for the separation stage of the analytical procedures.
Sensors Based on Conductive Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ensafi Ali A. , Mousaabadi Kimia Zarean , Adriyani Touba Rezaee
Published: August 2023

Conductive metal–organic frameworks (C-MOFs), also known as smart intrinsically porous extended materials, have attracted enormous attention in the research community. C-MOFs have attracted enormous attention from the research community due to their intrinsic conductivity, numerous active sites, and chemical and thermal stability, making them useful in a wide range of applications, including sensors. C-MOF-based sensors mainly fall into two categories: chemiresistive sensors and electrochemical sensors. This chapter describes C-MOFs, their synthesis procedure, and their use as active materials for developing and designing sensors.
Molecularly Imprinted Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Olayanju Basit , Kabir Abuzar
Published: August 2023

The selectivity and sensitivity of an analytical instrument have a direct impact on the limit of detection (LOD), which is of utmost importance in analytical science. Interestingly, enhancing the interaction between sorbent materials and target compounds helps in achieving lower LODs of the instrument and this has led to the development of novel sorbent materials. The functionalization of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) has been exploited mostly for applications in sensor fabrication and sample preparation to detect and quantify the target chemical and biological entities in food samples, environmental water, and biological samples (urine, serum, blood, etc.). The increased attention of researchers to MIPs based on MOFs in various analytical applications can be ascribed to their combined properties such as large surface area, excellent porosity, and significant thermal stability. This chapter presents an introduction to molecularly imprinted MOFs (MI-MOFs), their advantages, and their preparation techniques and a brief summary of various applications as they have been widely reported in the literature.
Chiral Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Taghavi Reza , Gholipour Behnam , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: August 2023

This chapter introduces chiral metal–organic frameworks (CMOFs) and mainly focuses on the methods for the preparation of CMOFs and induction of chirality in pristine MOFs. Chiralization may be accomplished using direct and indirect ways. Each technique is broken down further to make it simpler to grasp the fundamental ideas.
Application of Metal–Organic Framework Nanocomposites
Authors: Silva Cecilia Santos , Gomes De Paula Nattany Tayany , Alves Severino , Paim Ana Paula Silveira
Published: August 2023

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are now being considered as the most promising materials within the class of coordination polymers. In recent years, many studies have presented MOFs as a class of organic–inorganic hybrid compounds that can be used as supports for the development of multifunctional materials. Nanocomposites have been receiving increasing attention due to the simplicity and versatility of the synthetic approach as well as the incorporation of properties of the single components and synergistic relations, achieving a vast area of science and technology The applications of MOF nanocomposites such as biological applications, sensing, adsorption, catalysis and extraction have been presented in this chapter. We have highlighted some already-studied applications and discussed the advantages and disadvantages of using MOF nanocomposites compared to other conventional or less traditional procedures, emphasizing the properties that influence their potential applications.
Enhanced hydrogen bonding via epoxide-functionalization restricts mobility in poly(ethylenimine) for CO2 capture
Authors: Li Sichi , Calegari Andrade Marcos F. , Varni Anthony J. , Russell-Parks Glory A. , Braunecker Wade A. , Hunter-Sellars Elwin , Marple Maxwell A. T. , Pang Simon H.
Published: August 2023

Combined modeling and experiments uncover the influence of epoxide-functionalization on hydrogen bonding and mobility within poly(ethylenimine) CO2 sorbents, rationalizing the antidegradation benefits conferred by functionalization.
A specific and low background nucleic acids sensing strategy based on rolling circle amplification coupled with a magnetic DNA machine
Authors: Lai Xiangde , Zhao Xuan , Peng Yanan , Zhang Rui , Pang Huajie , Gao Zhijun , Li Dongxia , Cao Peipei , Pu Qiumei , Qiao Bin , Pei Hua , Wu Qiang
Published: August 2023

A fluorescent biosensor for detection of nucleic acids based on rolling circle amplification combined with a magnetic DNA machine is proposed, which exhibits outstanding recognition specificity, wide linear range and good recovery.
Visible-light induced cross-electrophile coupling of imines and anhydrides to synthesize α-amino ketones
Authors: Cao Renxu , Liu Yu , Shi Xiaoxin , Zheng Jun
Published: August 2023

By polarity-reversed, reductive radical coupling, imines and anhydrides can be transformed into a variety of α-amino ketones.
Towards the quantification of the chemical mechanism of light-driven water splitting on GaN photoelectrodes
Authors: Shushanian Artem , Iida Daisuke , Han Yu , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: August 2023

We propose the chemical mechanism of the light-driven water-splitting process on MeOx/n-GaN (Me = Ni, Fe, Co) according to the reaction product analysis and discuss the photoelectrode etching and the interaction of oxide NPs with the reaction layer.
Influence of sapphire substrate with miscut angles on hexagonal boron nitride films grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Chen Minghao , Zhang Qian , Fang Chunlei , Shen Zhijie , Lu Yong , Liu Ting , Tan Shuxin , Zhang Jicai
Published: August 2023

(002) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) micron films were epitaxially grown on c-plane sapphire substrates with miscut angles to m-plane (m-miscut angle) by high-temperature and low-pressure halide vapor phase epitaxy.
A theoretical exploration of the second-order NLO properties of linked sandwich double-layered metallacarboranes: charge transfer mediated by linker groups
Authors: Ma Nana , Bian Yajing , Cheng Weiyi , Li Yameng , Wang Qiongjin , Li Shujun
Published: August 2023

DFT calculations show the second-order NLO responses of linked sandwich metallacarboranes could be significantly enhanced when an alkenyl group with an appropriate length was inserted into the B–B or C–C bond connecting the metallacarborane units.
Optimizing the NRR activity of single and double boron atom catalysts using a suitable support: a first principles investigation
Authors: Rasool Anjumun , Anis Insha , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Dar Manzoor Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Density functional theory calculations are carried to investigate the N2 reduction activity of ten different model catalysts obtained by supporting single and double boron atoms on five different substrates.
Correction: Scalable manufacturing of a durable, tailorable, and recyclable multifunctional woven thermoelectric textile system
Authors: Jing Yuanyuan , Luo Jun , Han Xue , Yang Jiawei , Liu Qiulin , Zheng Yuanyuan , Chen Xinyi , Huang Fuli , Chen Jiawen , Zhuang Qinliang , Shen Yanan , Chen Haisheng , Zhao Huaizhou , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Li Guodong , Zhang Ting , Zhang Kun
Published: August 2023

Correction for ‘Scalable manufacturing of a durable, tailorable, and recyclable multifunctional woven thermoelectric textile system’ by Yuanyuan Jing et al., Energy Environ. Sci., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee01031g.
Self-regenerable clay polymer nanocomposite for organophosphate adsorption and degradation
Authors: Zusman Ofri B. , Mishael Yael G.
Published: August 2023

Efficient and fast degradation of the organophosphates diazinon and paraoxon by a novel clay-polymer nanocomposite.
Logic gating of low-abundance molecules using polyelectrolyte-based diodes
Authors: Sabbagh Barak , Zhang Zhenyu , Yossifon Gilad
Published: August 2023

The electrical response and asymmetric ion transport affected the transport of low-abundance molecules across the diode. Integration of multiple diodes enabled implementation of an OR logic operation on both the voltage and the molecule transport.
Chemical conditions on Hycean worlds
Authors: Madhusudhan Nikku , Moses Julianne I. , Rigby Frances , Barrier Edouard
Published: August 2023

We investigate possible chemical conditions on a canonical Hycean world, focusing on the present and primordial molecular composition of the atmosphere, and the inventory of bioessential elements for the origin and sustenance of life in the ocean.
Structure relationship of non-covalent interactions between lotus seedpod oligomeric procyanidins and glycated casein hydrolysate during digestion
Authors: Ouyang Yu , Liang Yinggang , Niu Mengyao , Yan Jia , Chu Qianmei , Zhou Mengzhou , Li Wei , Feng Nianjie , Wu Qian
Published: August 2023

Procyanidin-amino acid interactions during transmembrane transport cause changes in the structural and physical properties of peptides, which limits further absorption of oligopeptide-advanced glycation end products (AGEs).
Functional carbon dots derived from biomass and plastic wastes
Authors: Kuang Tairong , Jin Mengyao , Lu Xinrui , Liu Tong , Vahabi Henri , Gu Zhipeng , Gong Xiao
Published: August 2023

The preparation methods, formation mechanism, properties and applications of functional carbon dots derived from biomass and plastic wastes are reported.
Upcycling of waste polyethylene terephthalate to dimethyl terephthalate over solid acids under mild conditions
Authors: Ye Boyong , Zhou Ruru , Zhong Zixin , Wang Songlin , Wang Han , Hou Zhaoyin
Published: August 2023

The Ti0.5Si0.5O2 solid acid catalyst is extremely active and stable for methanol alcoholysis of polyethylene terephthalate to dimethyl terephthalate under mild conditions.
Fabrication of ITO microelectrodes and electrode arrays using a low-cost CO2 laser plotter
Authors: Kappalakandy Valapil Karthika , Filipiak Marcin Szymon , Rekiel Weronika , Jarosińska Elżbieta , Nogala Wojciech , Jönsson-Niedziółka Martin , Witkowska Nery Emilia
Published: August 2023

Two complementary low-cost methods of ITO electrode fabrication allowing small structures from 25 μm in width and removal of background ITO.
Two-photon microprinting of 3D emissive structures using tetraazaperylene-derived fluorophores
Authors: Eichelmann Robert , Monti Joël , Hsu Li-Yun , Kröger Finn , Ballmann Joachim , Blasco Eva , Gade Lutz H.
Published: August 2023

A new class of fluorophores based on a twisted tetraazaperylene core has been employed in the fabrication of emissive organic 3D microstructures using two-photon laser printing.
Dielectric metasurface-assisted cavity ring-down spectroscopy for thin-film circular dichroism analysis
Authors: Singh Ankit Kumar , Lin Zhan-Hong , Jiang Min , Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Huang Jer-Shing
Published: August 2023

We propose the integration of a dielectric metasurface into evanescent wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy to enable ultrasensitive circular dichroism measurement of chiral thin film and chiral smaple at low concentrations using linearly polarized light.
Synthesis of stable nonaromatic phenothiazinophyrins
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: August 2023

The synthesis and properties of nonaromatic stable phenothiazinophyrins resulting from the replacement of one of the pyrrole rings of aromatic tetrapyrrolic porphyrins are described.
Unveiling the mechanism and origin of stereocontrol in dinuclear-zinc-catalyzed reductive desymmetrization of malonic esters
Authors: Xu Hui , Dang Yanfeng
Published: August 2023

Mechanism of catalytic desymmetrization of malonic esters have been explored, which provides molecular-level insights on how the ligand-casted chiral scaffolding can be intentionally applied to differentiate symmetrical elements in desymmetrization.
Heterogeneous bimetallic Ni(OH)2-NiMoO4/NF as an efficient HER electrocatalyst for alkaline water splitting
Authors: Wang Jianzhi , Yang Jie , Yu Yanjun , Xue Yanan , Luo Yu , Guo Ziyi , Yu Hongliang , Li Hui , Yu Faquan
Published: August 2023

As the climate warms and energy scarcity becomes increasingly severe, the search for greener and more sustainable energy sources has attracted widespread attention. This hierarchical dandelion-like structure catalyst exhibits excellent hydrogen evolution properties.
Closing the balance – on the role of integrating biorefineries in the future energy system
Authors: Granacher Julia , Castro-Amoedo Rafael , Schnidrig Jonas , Maréchal François
Published: August 2023

Exploiting synergies between industrial biorefineries and residential districts allows to reduce emissions and fossil fuel dependency at reasonable economic compromises.
The effect of monomer polarizability on the stability and salt partitioning in model coacervates
Authors: Jedlinska Zuzanna M. , Riggleman Robert A.
Published: August 2023

We show that polarizability plays a significant role in ion partitioning and the development of microstructure in the polymer condensates.
Efficient methane oxidation to oxygenates over etched ZnCr layered double hydroxide nanosheets
Authors: Wu Lei , Liu Dandan , Chen Fan , Zhou Huanyu , Shi Rui , Liu Yana , Zhang Jiguang , Zhu Yunfeng , Wang Jun
Published: August 2023

Etched ZnCr-layered double hydroxide nanosheets enable methane conversion to liquid oxygenates with H2O2as the oxidant under mild conditions, which benefits from the synergy between surface Cr sites and etching induced defects.
Network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental validation to explore the therapeutic mechanism of salidroside on intestine ischemia reperfusion
Authors: Chen Feng , Chai Yi-hong , Zhang Fa , Liu Yong-qiang , Zhang Yan , Shi Ya-jing , Zhang Jian-ming , Leng Yu-fang
Published: August 2023

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Salidroside (SAL), a phenolic natural product present in Rhodiola rosea, are commonly used in the treatment of various ischemic-hypoxic diseases, including intestinal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. However, their efficacy and potential mechanisms in the treatment of intestinal IR injury have not been investigated.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to investigate the pharmacological mechanism of action of SAL on intestinal IR injury using a network pharmacology approach combined with experimental validation.

Methods: In the present study, we used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and analysis platform and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) to predict possible target genes of SAL, collected relevant target genes of intestinal IR injury from GeneCards and DisGenet websites, and collected summary data to screen common target genes. Then, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) target network was constructed and analyzed by STRING database and Cytoscape 3.8.2 with the above intersecting genes. Then, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed and the component-target-pathway network was constructed, followed by the use of molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation to verify the possible binding conformation between SAL and candidate targets to further explore the potential targets of SAL in the treatment of intestinal IR injury. Finally, an in vivo model of mouse superior mesenteric artery ligation was established to assess the anti-intestinal IR injury effect of SAL by assessing histopathological changes in mouse small intestine by HE staining, detecting inflammatory factor expression by ELISA kit, and detecting the expression of key protein targets by Western blotting.

Results: A total of 166 SAL target genes and 1740 disease-related targets were retrieved, and 88 overlapping proteins were obtained as potential therapeutic targets. The pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the pharmacological effects of SAL on intestinal IR injury were anti-hypoxic, anti-inflammatory and metabolic pathway related, and the molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation results showed that the core bioactive components had good binding affinity for TXNIP and AMPK, and the immunoblotting results indicated that the expression levels of TXNIP and AMPK in the small intestinal tissues of mice in the drug-treated group compared with the model group were significantly changed.

Conclusion: SAL may target AMPK and TXNIP domains to act as a therapeutic agent for intestinal IR. These findings comprehensively reveal the potential therapeutic targets for SAL against intestinal IR and provide theoretical basis for the clinical application of SAL in the treatment of intestinal IR.
Decoding the role of leptin and adiponectin in obesity-related gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Marques Vanda , Arella Fabiola , Afonso Marta B. , Santos André A. , Rodrigues Cecília M.P.
Published: August 2023

The increasing prevalence of obesity brings forward its importance as a risk factor for cancer development, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract. Obesity may trigger cancer development through several mechanisms, where metabolic deregulation of adipokines can modulate multiple oncogenic molecular pathways. Leptin and adiponectin are the most well-studied adipokines, and their imbalance can trigger different tumorigenic responses. Both epidemiologic and experimental studies have associated leptin with increased cancer risk and cell responsiveness in carcinogenesis and tumor invasion. On the other hand, adiponectin is reported to elicit the opposite effect. In addition to circulating or tissue adipokine levels, adiponectin, and leptin receptors or genetic polymorphisms may also play a role in cancer development. Moreover, adiponectin and leptin modulation offer valuable therapeutic approaches. We will review the links underpinning obesity and cancer development and focus on discussing the pathophysiological roles of leptin and adiponectin.
Is Methotrexate Ototoxic? Investigating the Ototoxic Late Effects of Pediatric Cancer Treatment
Authors: Moore Brittney , Sheets Gabrielle , Doss Jordan , Umrigar Ayesha , Norman Michael , Fang Zhide , Prasad Pinki , Musso Amanda , Clay Sloane , Tsien Fern
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Pediatric cancer survivors often experience long-term adverse health conditions or late effects, including hearing loss, that are attributable to cancer therapy. Ototoxic late effects have been documented in patients with cancer treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy and/or radiation. This study evaluated the late effects of methotrexate as compared to cisplatin and other cancer therapy agents on pediatric cancer survivors at the Children's Hospital of New Orleans in Louisiana (CHNOLA) and patients currently undergoing cancer treatment at Our Lady of the Lake (OLOL) Hospital in Baton Rouge, Louisiana.

Method:

A retrospective chart review was conducted of medical records from the CHNOLA Audiology Clinic and the Treatment After Cancer Late Effects clinic, which followed patients 2–19 years after cancer treatment completion and current patients with pediatric cancer at OLOL. This study identified pediatric cancer survivors between 2 and 24 years of age with treatment protocol information and audiological evaluations. Association studies were performed to calculate
p
values using an exact chi-square test.

Results:

More than 44% of late-effects patients had significant hearing loss; mild-to-profound hearing loss was observed in 37.5% of patients who received methotrexate treatment without cisplatin or irradiation. Eighty-three percent of the patients who received cisplatin had late-effect hearing loss. In patients currently receiving cancer treatment, 12% had significant hearing loss.

Conclusions:

The results from this study suggest that children who receive therapies not clinically established as ototoxic (i.e., methotrexate) may still be at a high risk of developing long-term hearing loss as a late effect. Due to the high incidence rate of hearing loss among patients with pediatric cancer, we recommend that audiologists be part of the late-effects care team. This study also demonstrates that patients with pediatric cancer treated with methotrexate should receive routine long-term auditory monitoring as part of their standard of care to detect and manage hearing loss early, minimizing adverse outcomes.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy for Stuttering in the Public Schools: Children Solve Their Own Stuttering Problems in This Case Study
Authors: Ramos-Heinrichs Lourdes
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

This clinical focus article follows the case studies of three school-age children who stutter in solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT), highlighting treatment features and demonstrating positive outcomes. Empowerment and self-agency are emphasized as desired characteristics. Children searched within themselves and acted to influence therapy results. Techniques such as self-disclosure and fluency shaping were incorporated into this approach.

Method:

In a public school district, participants with moderate-to-severe stuttering used the Clinical Use of Self-Reports to measure their perceived stuttering severity across various contexts and audiences. The speech-language pathologist (SLP) provided verbal feedback/contingencies including personalized questions, supportive statements, and positive gestures/comments. The students identified a stuttering problem, implemented the suggested techniques in clinic and in their natural environments, and shared pertinent feedback during the following therapy sessions.

Results:

Participants solved stuttering problems and took charge of their own treatment. After 5 weeks of SFBT, the 18-year-old demonstrated sufficient problem-solving skills to agree to be discharged from the program. The remaining two students exhibited growth toward their individualized goals. They showed curiosity about their own stuttering situations and applied innovative strategies, in the outside world, that had been practiced and formulated in their therapy sessions.

Conclusions:

The participants engaged in conversations with the SLP, teachers, peers, and family members. They documented conversations, reflections, performance scales, and personal goals in their journals. During therapy sessions, the children clarified real-life goals and tried out techniques for managing their stuttering difficulties. In addition, they completed the Clinical Use of Self-Reports to assess their communication values, successes, and challenges.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23706363
Enabling the discovery of fast transients
Authors: Biswas B. , Ishida E. E. O. , Peloton J. , Möller A. , Pruzhinskaya M. V. , de Souza R. S. , Muthukrishna D.
Published: August 2023

Context. Large-scale astronomical surveys such as the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) opened a new window of opportunity in the search for rare astrophysical phenomena. Community brokers, such as FINK, have the task of identifying interesting candidates and redistributing them to the community. For the specific case of fast transients, this identification should be done early, based on a limited number of observed photometric epochs, thus allowing it to trigger further observations.

Aims. We describe the fast transient classification algorithm in the centre of the kilonova (KN) science module currently implemented in the FINK broker, and we report classification results based on simulated catalogues and real data from the ZTF alert stream.

Methods. We used noiseless, homogeneously sampled simulations to construct a basis of principal components. All light curves from more realistic ZTF simulations were written as a linear combination of this basis. The corresponding coefficients were used as features in training a random forest classifier. The same method was applied to two different datasets, illustrating possible representations of ZTF light curves. The latter aimed to simulate the data situation found within the ZTF alert stream.

Results. Classification based on simulations mimicking ZTF alerts resulted in 69.30% precision and 69.74% recall when applied to a simulated test sample, thus confirming the robustness of precision results when limited to 30 days of observations. Dwarf flares and point Type Ia supernovae were the most frequent contaminants. The final trained model was integrated into the FINK broker and has been distributing fast transients, tagged as KN_candidates, to the astronomical community, especially through the GRANDMA collaboration.

Conclusions. We show that features specifically designed to grasp different light-curve behaviours provide enough information to separate fast (KN-like) from slow (non-KN-like) evolving events. This module represents one crucial link in an intricate chain of infrastructure elements for multi-messenger astronomy, which is currently being put in place by the FINK broker team in preparation for the arrival of data from the Vera Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time.
FORECAST: A flexible software to forward model cosmological hydrodynamical simulations mimicking real observations
Authors: Fortuni Flaminia , Merlin Emiliano , Fontana Adriano , Giocoli Carlo , Romelli Erik , Graziani Luca , Santini Paola , Castellano Marco , Charlot Stéphane , Chevallard Jacopo
Published: August 2023

Context. Comparing theoretical predictions to real data is crucial to properly formulate galaxy formation theories. However, this is usually done naively considering the direct output of simulations and quantities inferred from observations, which can lead to severe inconsistencies.

Aims. We present FORECAST, a new flexible and adaptable software package that performs forward modeling of the output of any cosmological hydrodynamical simulations to create a wide range of realistic synthetic astronomical images, and thus providing a robust foundation for accurate comparison with observational data. With customizable options for filters, field-of-view size, and survey parameters, it allows users to tailor the synthetic images to their specific requirements.

Methods. FORECAST constructs a light cone centered on the observer’s position exploiting the output snapshots of a simulation and computes the observed flux of each simulated stellar element, modeled as a single stellar population, in any chosen set of passband filters, including k correction, intergalactic medium absorption, and dust attenuation. These fluxes are then used to create an image on a grid of pixels, to which observational features such as background noise and PSF blurring can be added. This allows simulated galaxies to be obtained with realistic morphologies and star formation histories.

Results. As a first application, we present a set of images obtained exploiting the ILLUSTRISTNG simulation, emulating the GOODS-South field as observed for the CANDELS survey. We produced images of ~200 sq. arcmin, in 13 bands (eight Hubble Space Telescope optical and near-infrared bands from ACS B435 to WFC3 H160, the VLT HAWK-I Ks band, and the four IRAC filters from Spitzer), with depths consistent with the real data. We analyzed the images with the same processing pipeline adopted for real data in CANDELS and ASTRODEEP publications, and we compared the results against both the input data used to create the images and the real data, generally finding good agreement with both, with some interesting exceptions which we discuss. As part of this work, we have released the FORECAST code and two datasets. The first is the CANDELS dataset analyzed in this study, and the second dataset emulates the JWST CEERS survey images in ten filters (eight NIRCam and two MIRI) in a field of view of 200 sq. arcmin between z = 0–20.

Conclusions. FORECAST is a flexible tool: it creates images that can then be processed and analyzed using standard photometric algorithms, allowing for a consistent comparison among observations and models, and for a direct estimation of the biases introduced by such techniques.
A high-resolution radio study of the L1551 IRS 5 and L1551 NE jets
Authors: Feeney-Johansson A. , Purser S. J. D. , Ray T. P. , Carrasco-González C. , Rodríguez-Kamenetzky A. , Eislöffel J. , Lim J. , Galván-Madrid R. , Lizano S. , Rodríguez L. F. , Shang H. , Ho P. , Hoare M.
Published: August 2023

Using observations with e-MERLIN and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA), together with archival data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), we obtain high-resolution radio images of two binary YSOs: L1551 IRS 5 and L1551 NE, covering a wide range of frequencies from 5 to 336 GHz, and resolving emission from the radio jet on scales of only ∼15 au. By comparing these observations to those from a previous epoch, it is shown that there is a high degree of variability in the free-free emission from the jets of these sources. In particular, the northern component of L1551 IRS 5 shows a remarkable decline in flux density of a factor of ∼5, suggesting that the free-free emission of this source has almost disappeared. By fitting the spectra of the sources, the ionised mass-loss rates of the jets were derived and it was shown that there is significant variability of up to a factor of ∼6 on timescales of ∼20 years. Using radiative transfer modelling, we also obtained a model image for the jet of the southern component of L1551 IRS 5 to help study the inner region of the ionised high-density jet. The findings favour the X-wind model launched from a very small innermost region.