bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Particulate Matter Pollution Concentration and Hospital Admissions for Hypertension in Ganzhou, China
Authors: Li Chenwei , Zhou Xinye , Huang Kun , Zhang Xiaokang , Gao Yanfang
Published: February 2022

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and respirable particulate matter (PM10) are two major air pollutants with toxic effects on the cardiovascular system. Hypertension, as a chronic noncommunicable cardiovascular disease, is also a risk factor for several diseases. We applied generalized linear models with a quasi-Poisson link to assess the effect of air pollution exposure on the number of daily admissions for patients with hypertension. In addition, we established a two-pollutant model to evaluate PM2.5 and PM10 hazard effect stability by adjusting the other gaseous pollutants. Results showed that during the study period, 24 h mean concentrations of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 at 38.17 and 59.84 μg/m3, respectively, and a total of 2,611 hypertension hospital admissions were recorded. Air pollution concentrations significantly affected the number of hospitalizations for hypertension approximately 2 months after exposure. For each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM10 in single-pollutant models, the number of hospitalizations for hypertension increased by 7.92% (95% CI: 5.48% to 10.42%) and 4.46% (95% CI: 2.86% to 5.65%), respectively, at the lag day with the strongest effect. NO2, O3, CO, and SO2 had different significant effects on the number of hospitalizations over the same time period, and PM2.5 and PM10 still showed robust significant effects after adjustment of gas pollutants through a two-pollutant model. These findings may contribute to a better understanding of the health effects of ambient particulate matter.
Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Reinforcement Coating on Magnesium Composites for Automotive Brake Pad
Authors: Venugopal S. , Karikalan L. , Kumar R.
Published: February 2022

The braking system is an important component in the automobile sector for transportation. To stop or slow down the vehicle safely, the friction brakes are employed by converting the kinetic energy to heat energy by friction. The interaction of surface materials such as rotor and pad produces heat due to friction and those materials should have a thermally stable tendency to deal with the heat than wear resistance. In this study, for the first time, an attempt is made to check the possibilities of introducing the Mg composite into brake pad applications. The inorganic type friction materials with various components of materials are constantly growing to get the high-performance and low-cost brake pad for commercial vehicles. The Mg composite is reinforced with electroless Ni-P-coated alumina and silicon carbide microparticles using the parameter optimized stir-squeeze method. The particles are coated by using the electroless method and various Mg composites such as Mg alloy, Mg + coated Al2O3, Mg + coated Al2O3, Mg + coated Al2O3, and SiC are prepared. The tribological properties of the newly formulated magnesium composite are premeditated using a tribometer. The brake pad (Mg composite) material is used as a pin, and the disc material (stainless steel) is used as a plate for the experiments. Characterization of the composites is done using a FESEM machine with the attachment of EDAX to measure the elements present in the composite. The results revealed that porosity reduced significantly for the composite which has coated reinforcements. The hardness and compression strength of the composite are also enhanced for the composite which has coated reinforcements. The wear resistance of the prepared Mg composite is closer to other brake pad data, and thus, the material can be used as friction material for automotive brake pad applications.
Construction Project Cost Management and Control System Based on Big Data
Authors: Chen Siyu
Published: February 2022

In today’s society, engineering cost management and control is very important content. With the increasing number and scale of construction projects in China and huge investment funds, the collection and sorting of all kinds of information data in construction projects has become one of the problems that need to be solved. Therefore, building the construction project cost management and control system is one of the powerful means to improve the work efficiency of processing information and data, which is also very necessary. This paper mainly analyzes the construction of a perfect, efficient, and rapid processing of relevant information workflow based on large database technology to achieve the whole process of project tracking management and effective cost management and control target system. First of all, this paper introduces the construction project cost management, expounds the characteristics of the management system, and studies the application of big data in the construction project. On this basis, the construction project management software is designed and developed. At the same time, the requirements of the system are studied, and the system is tested. The final test results show that the system has a fast processing time and high processing efficiency in processing the above data, which indicates that the construction project cost management and control system based on big data has obvious advantages in processing large-scale data. When the amount of data is small, the processing speed increases exponentially with the increase of nodes. When the amount of data is large, the acceleration ratio is positively correlated with the number of nodes in a certain proportion. With the increase of nodes, the ratio almost remains unchanged, indicating that the system has high operation efficiency and is relatively stable with the increase of nodes.
Application of Distributed Probability Model in Sports Based on Deep Learning: Deep Belief Network (DL-DBN) Algorithm for Human Behaviour Analysis
Authors: Liu Tianyang , Zheng Qizhe , Tian Ling
Published: February 2022

With the increased development of information technology, almost all the sectors have been developed. Age, educational qualifications, gender, and other factors have no bearing on acquiring knowledge in information technology.Most humans use mobile phones and other gadgets to make their lives easier. Machine Learning techniques are used to analyse the given data and aid in the classification or prediction of the dataset depending on the problem statement. It is significant to determine human behaviour analysis in the context of sports. In this research, the Deep Learning-Deep Belief Network (DL-DBN) algorithm is implemented with probability to analyse human behaviour in sports and implement a distributed probability model for classifying the behavior. The classification results have shown that the accuracy for strength training is both the maximum and the smallest, reaching 99% and 71%, respectively.
Video Analysis of Belt and Road Sports Events Based on Wireless Network and Artificial Intelligence Technology
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Pan Delun
Published: February 2022

Nonprofessionals pay more and more attention to sports events, but in the process of live sports events, the semantics of professional terms are rich. And it is difficult for nonprofessionals to understand the meaning of the game. In order to improve the viewing experience of nonprofessionals, by intelligent target tracking technology, a system to capture athletes’ movement process is proposed. It is possible to analyze the types of athletes’ movements. In competitions or ball games, the system can predict the location of the ball or the player’s drop point. The four different tennis courts, the player’s motion capture, and the accuracy of the tennis landing prediction are further analyzed. The results show that when the athlete is facing the capture camera, the accuracy of motion recognition is high. In the absence of data on the playing field, the accuracy of the system for determining the position of the tennis ball fluctuates greatly. Therefore, this kind of system needs to have enough data to support it before it can be applied to fall point prediction. The proposed system provides a certain reference basis for the design of intelligent sports control facilities.
Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alleviate Acute Lung Injury Caused by Severe Burn via Secreting TSG-6 and Inhibiting Inflammatory Response
Authors: Hu Xiaohong , Liu Lingying , Wang Yu , Yu Yonghui , Li Zhongyuan , Liu Yanan , Chai Jiake
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To investigate whether hUC-MSCs attenuated severe burn-induced ALI and the effects were based on TSG-6 secreted from hUC-MSCs. Method. A rat model was established and evaluated as follows: cytokine expression was measured by ELISA, and both inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury were assessed by immunohistochemistry assay. Results. In vitro, TSG-6 levels in serum from the burn group were significantly increased compared with those from the sham group. In vivo, TSG-6 levels of lung tissues and serum in the burn+hUC-MSC group were significantly increased compared with those in the burn group. Both in lung tissues and in serum, increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were remarkably decreased, but the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased after hUC-MSC administration (

p
<
0.05

). These significant positive effects after hUC-MSC transplantation did not occur in the burn+siTSG-6 group. Conclusion. The intratracheal implantation of hUC-MSCs has been an effective treatment for severe burn-induced ALI via promoting TSG-6 secretion and inhibiting inflammatory reaction in lung tissue.
Epithelioid Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor in the Liver: Report of a Rare Unusual Case with Rhabdoid Morphology and Review of the Literature
Authors: Van Treeck Benjamin J. , Said Samar , Yasir Saba
Published: February 2022

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a rare aggressive type of sarcoma. The epithelioid variant of MPNST has a distinctive morphology and immunophenotype, which can be a diagnostic challenge when it arises in an unusual location. Awareness of these morphologic entities is essential to make an accurate diagnosis. Here, we report a case of epithelioid MPNST involving the liver. The tumor displayed rhabdoid morphology and an unusual immunophenotype. The report also discusses histopathologic features, molecular alterations, and the differential diagnoses of this rare entity.
Adaptation of the Oxygen Sensing System during Lung Development
Authors: Kirschner Karin M. , Kelterborn Simon , Stehr Herrmann , Penzlin Johanna L. T. , Jacobi Charlotte L. J. , Endesfelder Stefanie , Sieg Miriam , Kruppa Jochen , Dame Christof , Sciesielski Lina K.
Published: February 2022

During gestation, the most drastic change in oxygen supply occurs with the onset of ventilation after birth. As the too early exposure of premature infants to high arterial oxygen pressure leads to characteristic diseases, we studied the adaptation of the oxygen sensing system and its targets, the hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) regulated genes (HRGs) in the developing lung. We draw a detailed picture of the oxygen sensing system by integrating information from qPCR, immunoblotting, in situ hybridization, and single-cell RNA sequencing data in ex vivo and in vivo models. HIF1α protein was completely destabilized with the onset of pulmonary ventilation, but did not coincide with expression changes in bona fide HRGs. We observed a modified composition of the HIF-PHD system from intrauterine to neonatal phases: Phd3 was significantly decreased, while Hif2a showed a strong increase and the Hif3a isoform Ipas exclusively peaked at P0. Colocalization studies point to the Hif1a-Phd1 axis as the main regulator of the HIF-PHD system in mouse lung development, complemented by the Hif3a-Phd3 axis during gestation. Hif3a isoform expression showed a stepwise adaptation during the periods of saccular and alveolar differentiation. With a strong hypoxic stimulus, lung ex vivo organ cultures displayed a functioning HIF system at every developmental stage. Approaches with systemic hypoxia or roxadustat treatment revealed only a limited in vivo response of HRGs. Understanding the interplay of the oxygen sensing system components during the transition from saccular to alveolar phases of lung development might help to counteract prematurity-associated diseases like bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Establishment and Validation of Coagulation Factor-Based Nomogram for Predicting the Recurrence-Free Survival of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jin Chen , Bian Zichen , Mo Fan , Zhu Chenyu , Tao Zhi , Jin Xiaoyan , Zhou Jun , Zhang Meng , Meng Jialin , Liang Chaozhao
Published: February 2022

Introduction: We aimed to establish and validate a coagulation feature-based nomogram to predict recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients. Methods: The study included 168 prostate cancer patients who had received radical prostatectomy between 2012 and 2018. Kaplan-Meier plot and log-rank analysis were used to screen recurrence-free survival-related features. The nomogram was established by combining the significant coagulation features with clinicopathological characteristics by using Cox regression analysis. The accuracy and clinical significance of the nomogram model were assessed by the receiver operating characteristic curve, Kaplan-Meier plot, and calibration plot. We explored the correlation between coagulation pathway activity and patient prognosis in public datasets by using gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Results: The results suggested that patients classified by the nomogram into the high-risk subgroup showed unfavorable prognoses compared with those in the low-risk subgroup in both the training (log-rank p < 0.0001) and validation (log-rank p = 0.0004) cohorts. The nomogram model exhibited high discriminative accuracy in the training cohort (1-year area under the curve [AUC] of 0.74 and 3-year AUC of 0.69), which was confirmed in the internal validation cohort (C-index = 0.651). The calibration plots confirmed good concordance for the prediction of recurrence-free survival at 1 and 3 years. Subgroup analyses confirmed the utility of this model in different clinicopathological subgroups. Finally, GSVA suggested that patients with higher coagulation pathway scores mostly had unfavorable prognoses compared to those with lower scores, a result consistent with the findings above. Conclusions: We developed a practical nomogram model for predicting recurrence-free survival in prostate cancer patients. This model may offer clinicians prognostic assessments and facilitate personalized treatment.
СУЧАСНІ МЕТОДИКИ НАВЧАННЯ ПІД ЧАС ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО ВИКЛАДАННЯ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН МЕДИЧНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ
Authors: Кваско О. Ю. , Кондаурова А. Ю.
Published: February 2022

Поряд із традиційними технологіями навчання з’являються та активно розвиваються дистанційні методи, використання яких дозволяє навчати і навчатися в індивідуальному режимі, незалежно від місця і часу.
Мета роботи – висвітлення окремих питань, пов’язаних з організацією дистанційної викладацької роботи із вітчизняними англомовними студентами медичного закладу вищої освіти IV рівня акредитації на рівні фундаментальної кафедри.
Медична освіта та методики викладання медичних наук мають свої особливості. Зокрема, значну роль відіграє наочність викладання матеріалу та переважання саме практичних занять. Отже, дистанційне викладання медичних наук супроводжується складнощами, пов’язаними з проведенням практичних занять, наближених до реальних аудиторних занять з аналогічною ефективністю. Національний медичний університет імені О. О. Богомольця перейшов на дистанційне навчання з початком пандемії COVID-19 у березні 2020 р. Тоді було створено платформу Neuron, на зміну якій у січні 2021 р. прийшла інша платформа – Likar.nmu (обидві розроблені на базі системи управління навчанням Moodle). Введення в роботу зазначених платформ дало можливість уніфікувати процес дистанційної роботи в університеті та створити основу для перебудови викладання на інший формат.
Перехід закладів вищої освіти на дистанційне навчання стимулював стрімкий розвиток і освоєння новітніх технологій в освіті, зокрема розроблення онлайн-платформ для навчання, скринінг наявних додатків для проведення онлайн-конференцій та виявлення найбільш вдалих для викладання конкретної дисципліни, розроблення нових методик викладання з урахуванням особливостей дистанційної роботи тощо. Звісно, викладання медичних дисциплін має свої особливості, які важко перенести в дистанційний формат, і на початку введення дистанційного формату видавалося взагалі неможливим. Проте стрімкий розвиток технологій розкриває нові можливості, необхідно тільки встигати опановувати та адаптувати до тієї чи іншої навчальної дисципліни.
Навчання медичних наук також достатньо успішно може бути переведено в дистанційний формат. Цілком ймовірно, що після закінчення пандемії COVID-19 значна частина елементів дистанційної освіти може залишитись як складова аудиторних занять.
ВАЖЛИВІСТЬ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «МЕДИЧНА ДОКУМЕНТАЦІЯ В РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЙНИХ ЗАКЛАДАХ» ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ФАХІВЦІВ З ФІЗИЧНОЇ ТЕРАПІЇ
Authors: Бакалюк Т. Г. , Стельмах Г. О. , Макарчук Н. Р.
Published: February 2022

Правильне ведення медичної документації є важливою складовою діяльності всіх закладів охорони здоров’я. Під час клінічної практики фізичний терапевт може проводити оцінювання, діагностування та втручання в межах своєї компетенції, тому виникає необхідність у документуванні цих дій. У статті представлений досвід викладання вибіркової дисципліни «Медична документація в реабілітаційних закладах» для бакалаврів зі спеціальності «Фізична терапія. Ерготерапія».
Мета статті – акцентувати увагу викладачів та студентів на важливості отримання знань про значення медичної документації в роботі реабілітаційних закладів у сучасній системі професійної підготовки фахівців з фізичної терапії.
Фізичний терапевт повинен вести чітку й добре організовану документацію результатів діагностики та оцінки і розробляти план подальших дій. Ці записи вносяться до медичної карти пацієнта фізичним терапевтом для надання доказів контакту з пацієнтом, інформування процесу клінічного обґрунтування та передачі інформації іншим фахівцям. Важливим завданням при підготовці спеціалістів з фізичної терапії є вивчення основ ведення документації, що дозволяє ідентифікувати, реєструвати, вимірювати та оцінювати реабілітацію, також визначати ефективність реабілітації, аналізувати стан пацієнта в наступні періоди реабілітації.
ФОРМУВАННЯ ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЇ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ ІЗ ВИКОРИСТАННЯМ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО МЕТОДУ
Authors: Мазуренко Ю. С.
Published: February 2022

Для формування фахової компетенції майбутніх лікарів з використанням репродуктивного методу розроблена методика проведення лабораторної роботи з медичної та біологічної фізики. В основі даної роботи лежить використання пристроїв загального призначення, таких, як пульсоксиметр, для визначення рівня наповненості легень киснем та встановлення зв’язку цього параметра з іншими важливими характеристиками організму.
Одним із важливих факторів здорового функціонування організму є задовільне насичення легень киснем. Зменшення цього показника є джерелом цілого ряду захворювань в його початковій стадії, у тому числі і SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Тому необхідним є застосування простої і загальнодоступної методики контролю рівня кисню в легенях. Таким пристроєм служить пульсоксиметр. Метою даної роботи є вироблення практичних навичок роботи з пульсоксиметром на прикладі лабораторної роботи та вмінь інтерпретувати отримані результати.
Робота має теоретичний та прикладний характер. Поставлена проблема вирішувалася за допомогою стандартного пульсокси­метра та розробленої методики, що дозволяє встановити межі використання даного приладу та взаємозв’язок рівня кисню з такими характеристиками організму, як пульс і температура.
Основним результатом роботи є розроблення методики лабораторної роботи по застосуванню стандартного пульсоксиметра в комплексі з тонометром і термометром для діагностики організму та виявлення порушень забезпечення киснем організму на ранніх стадіях.
Доступність та простота використання приладів дозволяють розширити межі навчального процесу: студенти можуть отримати доступ до вимірювальних пристроїв у комфортний для них та викладача час і проводити комплекс досліджень у клінічних умовах.
Розроблена лабораторна робота по вивченню будови і принципу роботи пульсоксиметра показала можливість діагностики проблем із дихальною та серцево-судинною системами на ранніх стадіях їх прояву. Методами статистичної обробки встановлено існування кореляції між такими параметрами, як SpO2 – пульс і SpO2 – температура, що дає змогу за даними пульсоксиметрії контролювати загальний стан організму простим методом.
FOREIGN LANGUAGE AUTHENTIC TEXT AS A BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF FUTURE DOCTORS’ PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATION
Authors: Prokop I. A. , Kitura H. Ya.
Published: February 2022

The article deals with practicability substantiation of English language authentic texts as the basis for medical students’ professional communication formation. The essence of foreign language communication as an essential concept of future Health Care worker profile is revealed. Formation of a medical student’s foreign language communication is emphasized to be an integral aspect of the professional education in higher education medical establishments and is realized by mastering the peculiarities of language competence at its phonetic, lexical and grammatical level. The attention is focused on the necessity of using educational authentic texts as a core component of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). The issues of ESP substantive content, selection of teaching materials, development of students’ communicative component in mastering English language professional skills are considered. Basic peculiarities of the use of professional authentic texts are described; evidence-based samples of exercises for the formation of communicative competence are considered; the need for lexical mastering in order to speak properly is emphasized. The examples of communicative lexical exercises for the implementation of professional speech activities of medical students are suggested. The use of authentic texts and different exercises has been found to develop professional speech skills and abilities, thus making possible to evaluate and to express one’s opinion, as well as to promote self-development and self-actualization of medical students.
Al-Shāfiʿī Against the Kufan School
Authors: Melchert Christopher
Published: February 2022

One of the short works of al-Shāfiʿī (d. 204/820) is Ikhtilāf ʿAlī wa-ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd (“the disagreements of ʿAlī and ʿAbd Allāh ibn Masʿūd”). It comprises first quotations of the Companions ʿAlī and Ibn Masʿūd advocating rules that the Kufans reject, secondly counter-reports supporting the rules that al-Shāfiʿī advocates. It seems to be one of the earliest of al-Shāfiʿī’s works. It argues mainly by authority against an undifferentiated Kufan school. It testifies to a time when regional schools were predominant and legal reasoning primitive, also when divisions within Kufa, especially between adherents of raʾy and hadith, were less important than they seemed later. Its argument tends to imply that al-Shāfiʿī’s doctrine is better than the Kufans’ because it is eclectically based on the learning of all centers, suggesting that loyalty to a regional tradition was becoming an embarrassment.
The Emergence of the Kabbalah: Early Sefirotic Theosophy as a Response to Contemporary Theological Challenges
Authors: Weiss Tzahi
Published: February 2022

This study offers a fresh view on one of the fundamental problems concerning the history of Jewish thought and religious discourse, namely, the cause for the sudden appearance of the Kabbalistic theosophy of the sefirot in the turn of the 13th century. Based on testimonies of 13th-century Kabbalistic and non-Kabbalistic authors, I show that the wide reception and rapid development of the sefirotic system in this period were due to the fact that it provided theological solutions to two acute difficulties with which contemporary believers and theologians struggled: first, rejection of the notion of divine providence over individuals, and second, enhancement of the Jewish worship of divine mediators.
The Parable of the Disappearing Gladiators: Interpreting a Late Antique Cultural Reference in Genesis Rabba’s Exposition of the Cain and Abel Narrative
Authors: Williams Benjamin
Published: February 2022

According to the mashal (parable) attributed to Shimʿon ben Yoḥai in Gen. Rab. 22:9, the murder of Abel (Gen 4:8–10) may be likened to a gladiator’s death in the arena. This article argues that the parable assumes the audience’s familiarity with gladiatorial shows, which came to an end in the early fifth century CE. Tracing the transmission of the mashal in Tanḥuma ha-Nidpas (Bereshit 9) and the earliest commentaries on Genesis Rabba, it further argues that the gladiatorial allusion was not understood after the demise of the games, and that the Tanḥuma’s version is a later reformulation. The preservation of the imagery in the earliest extant manuscripts of Genesis Rabba, despite the fact that it was not well-understood when they were produced, demonstrates the conservation of a reference to a late antique public institution in medieval copies and thus contributes to the knowledge of Genesis Rabba’s textual history.
(Re)Imagining the Church Through the Ordination Liturgy: Towards an Armenian Ressourcement
Authors: Shokhikyan Arman Gregory
Published: February 2022

This case study of the presbyteral ordination service of the Orthodox Church of Armenia aims to uncover some aspects of the Armenian ecclesiological vision that lie buried under the neoscholastically-framed manuals of theology. By analyzing liturgical texts and comparing them with two theology manuals that are still influential, the paper, in the spirit of ressourcement, challenges the unexamined presuppositions of the handbooks through which ordination liturgy is currently understood. Furthermore, by focusing on the earlier and distinct aspects of the ordination liturgy, the paper excavates some neglected ecclesiological perspectives. In particular, the ressourcement approach allows us to rediscover some pneumatological aspects that can be a valuable theological resource for current ecclesiological discussions.
Diaconates in Transition: Enriching the Roman Catholic Permanent Diaconate from the Experience of the Church of England and British Methodism
Authors: Rowe Gareth L. M.
Published: February 2022

The Roman Catholic Church, the Church of England and the British Methodist Church have retained or restored the diaconate. These diaconates remain distinctive and capable of further change. This article uses a receptive ecumenical approach to ask what the Roman Catholic Church can learn or receive with integrity from the diaconate in the Church of England and British Methodism. The first section examines the reassessment of the diaconate of service by John N. Collins. The next two sections explore specific learning opportunities from the Church of England Distinctive Diaconate and the British Methodist Diaconal Order. The fourth section examines the way that British Methodism has become alert to the possibilities of unhealthy notions of diaconal service. The final section explores work towards the interchangeability of deacons, concluding that, in the development of the diaconate, the current historical moment provides opportunities for ecclesial learning and perhaps a step towards visible unity.
Resisting Authoritarian Populism
Authors: Scheuerman William E.
Published: February 2022

Authoritarian populism poses major challenges to democracy. Yet relatively little systematic political-theoretical or philosophical analysis has focused on how best to oppose or resist it. The present essay focuses on three possible approaches now being tentatively discussed. Some writers emphasize the possible virtues of civil disobedience, others are advocating a related yet broader strategy of civil resistance, and yet others abandon both “civil” approaches in favor of uncivil disobedience. Despite their many strengths, each approach suffers from weaknesses, in part because each responds incompletely to the challenges of authoritarian populism and its use of increasingly commonplace modes of “smart” repression. With ominous implications for those worried about democracy’s fate, populists are embracing coercive techniques designed to squelch dissent without generating public sympathy or a popular backlash.
Ischaemum dioecum (Poaceae: Andropogoneae): the most strangest new species from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India
Authors: LANDGE SHAHID NAWAZ , SHINDE RAJENDRA D.
Published: February 2022

Ischaemum dioecum, a new strange species from Northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India is described and illustrated. The most spectacular and unusual feature of the species is its dioecious breeding system i.e. male and female plants are sexually separate entities, which is being documented first time in the tribe Andropogoneae. Other distinguishing features are such as: sessile spikelets 1-flowered (only upper floret developed), palea bi-dentate with an arista from the sinus and pedicelled spikelet reduced or absent; stamens four with unusually filiform and elongated filaments, ca. 15 mm long; peduncle of male plants glandular and with tubercle-based bristles; style and stigma extraordinarily long each may be up to 14 mm long and pedicel 1/2–4/5 of the sessile spikelet. A table of morphological comparison and detailed discussion with allied species from Africa, India and Australia is given along with the keys to close genera. A detailed discussion on the similar case of dioecism in grasses; habitat characteristics, distribution of the populations and inter-specific interaction, adaptation and morphological affinities of I. dioecum is discussed with African, Indian and Australian taxa. It is apparently a narrow endemic species. Based on IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, the species is assessed here as Critically Endangered (CR).
Magnetohydrodynamics Boundary Layer Flow of Hybrid Nanofluid in a Thin-Film Over an Unsteady Stretching Permeable Sheet
Authors: Kamis Nur Ilyana , Jiann Lim Yeou , Shafie Sharidan , Khairuddin Taufiq Khairi Ahmad , Md Basir Md Faisal
Published: February 2022

This analysis explored the computational process of heat transfer analysis in a thin-film MHD flow embedded in the hybrid nanoparticles, which combine the spherical copper and alumina dispersed in ethylene glycol as the conventional heat transfer Newtonian fluid model over a stretching
sheet. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) was attained by transforming partial differential equation (PDEs) as governing equations when implementing the similarity transformations technique. The resulting nonlinear ODEs have been utilized by using the Keller box method. The
natures of the thin-film flow and heat transfer through the various values of the pertinent parameters: unsteadiness, nanoparticle volume fraction, thin-film thickness, magnetic interaction and intensity suction/injection are deliberated. The approximate results for velocity and temperature
distributions and physical quantities in terms of local skin friction and Nusselt number have been obtained and analyzed via graphs and tables. As a consequence, the suction expresses a more prodigious effect on the hybrid nanofluid rather than injection fluid for all the investigation parameters.
It is worth acknowledging that the existence of the nanoparticles and MHD in the viscous hybrid nanofluid tends to enhance the temperature profile but decay the particle movement in the thin-film flow. It is perceived that the velocity and temperature profiles decline for the growth of the
unsteadiness, thin-film thickness and suction/injection parameters.
Effect of Nonlinear Thermal Radiation on Flow of Williamson Nanofluid in a Vertical Porous Channel with Heat Source or Sink by Using Adomian Decomposition Method
Authors: Shobha K. C. , Patil Mallikarjun B.
Published: February 2022

The study examines the entropy generation in the Williamson nanofluid flowing in a vertical porous channel exposed to nonlinear thermal radiation and heat source or sink. Constant temperature and fixed nanoparticle concentration are maintained at the boundaries of the channel. Governing
equations are derived by applying the conservation laws incorporating the brownian motion and thermophoretic force impacts of nanofluids utilizing Buongiorno’s model. These equations are non dimensionalised by choosing suitable dimensionless variables. The governing simultaneous equations
are tackled by implementing adomian decomposition technique for velocity, tempearture, dimensionless shear stress heat transfer rate. The findings of the study are analysed through graphs. The major findings of the study are porous parameter reduces velocity because of resistance to the flow
and enhances temperature. Thermal radiation parameter reduces both velocity and temperature fields. Williamson parameter enhances the velocity field and reduces the temperature to a very small extent. These results are also corresponds with skin friction and Nusselt number graphs. Entropy
generation in the considered flow system can be minimized by increasing Williamson number.
Changes in antidepressant use in Australia: A nationwide analysis (2015–2021)
Authors: de Oliveira Costa Juliana , Gillies Malcolm B. , Schaffer Andrea L. , Peiris David , Zoega Helga , Pearson Sallie-Anne
Published: February 2022

Background:

Depression and anxiety affect 4–14% of Australians every year; symptoms may have been exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined recent patterns of antidepressant use in Australia in the period 2015–2021, which includes the first year of the pandemic.

Methods:

We used national dispensing claims for people aged ⩾10 years to investigate annual trends in prevalent and new antidepressant use (no antidepressants dispensed in the year prior). We conducted stratified analyses by sex, age group and antidepressant class. We report outcomes from 2015 to 2019 and used time series analysis to quantify changes during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020–February 2021).

Results:

In 2019, the annual prevalence of antidepressant use was 170.4 per 1000 women and 101.8 per 1000 men, an increase of 7.0% and 9.2% from 2015, respectively. New antidepressant use also increased for both sexes (3.0% for women and 4.9% for men) and across most age groups, particularly among adolescents (aged 10–17 years; 46–57%). During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed higher than expected prevalent use (+2.2%, 95% CI = [0.3%, 4.2%]) among females, corresponding to a predicted excess of 45,217 (95% CI = [5,819, 84,614]) females dispensed antidepressants. The largest increases during the first year of the pandemic occurred among female adolescents for both prevalent (+11.7%, 95% CI = [4.1%, 20.5%]) and new antidepressant use (+15.6%, 95% CI = [8.5%, 23.7%]).

Conclusion:

Antidepressant use continues to increase in Australia overall and especially among young people. We found a differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in treated depression and anxiety, greater among females than males, and greater among young females than other age groups, suggesting an increased mental health burden in populations already on a trajectory of increased use of antidepressants prior to the pandemic. Reasons for these differences require further investigation.
Growth and Development under Alternative Policy Regimes in India: A Political Economy Perspective
Authors: Ghosh Madhusudan
Published: February 2022

This paper reviews the economic policies adopted by the Indian government under different policy regimes, provides a political economy perspective of economic growth in the country during 1950–2020 and examines the inclusiveness of the rapid economic growth in recent decades. The growth performance of the economy improved as the economy moved from inward-looking policy regime to the regimes of pro-business and pro-market policies. India’s political economy was supportive of the changes in policy regime. After growing at a sluggish rate during the first three decades after 1950–1951, the gross domestic product (GDP) growth accelerated significantly after the pro-business reforms in the 1980s, and there was further acceleration after the pro-market reforms since 1991–1992. It has, however, slowed down in recent years. Nevertheless, it has not been inclusive, as the benefits of growth have not reached all sections of the population and all regions of the country equally. On the contrary, disparities in income across regions and inequalities in income, wealth and consumption among individuals have exacerbated, and the problems of unemployment and poverty have been persisting in the economy.
Management of recurrent acquired choanal atresia with radial forearm free flap transfer
Authors: Hirayama Haruyuki , Ishida Katsuhiro , Kishi Keita , Kodama Hiroki , Orgun Doruk , Miyawaki Takeshi
Published: February 2022

Acquired choanal atresia is a rare complication of pharyngeal surgical interventions. Here, we report the case of a 72-year-old woman who was treated in our institution for acquired choanal atresia after failed previous treatments. We have excised the obstructing fibrotic scar tissue and then reconstructed the area using a mucosal local flap and free radial forearm flap transfer. Choanal stenosis caused by abnormal granulation was identified in the months after surgery; however, this was treated with endoscopic dilatation and steroid injections in the outpatient setting. No restenosis was identified 1 year after the operation. Postoperative evaluation of speech was satisfactory. Free flap transfer could be an option for refractory choanal atresia, and endoscopic dilatation with local steroid injections may be an effective method to treat postoperative restenosis.
COVID-19 associated rhino–orbital–cerebral mucormycosis—an institutional series
Authors: Naruka Suresh , Rana Nishant , Singh Neeraj , Kishore Ameet , Nagpal Kalpana
Published: February 2022

Mucormycosis is almost always confined to the patients with altered host defenses amongst which diabetes is considered as the strongest risk factor. COVID-19 only been seen in severe cases but also in mild and moderate cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. After preliminary clinical and radiological diagnosis, surgical management in the form of endoscopic sinus surgery, debridement, and orbital exenteration (8) was performed. Medical management in the form of antifungal therapy (amphotericin-B, posaconazole, and isavuconazole) was initiated. In this case series, 79 proven cases of COVID-19 associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis were analyzed retrospectively from mid-April 2021 to mid-September 2021. 67 patients were known diabetics, whereas rest 12 had new onset diabetes mellitus. Of these 79 cases, 27 cases had the disease limited to sinuses (rhino-mucormycosis), 43 had orbital involvement also (rhino–orbital mucormycosis), and 9 had cerebral involvement as well (rhino–orbital–cerebral mucormycosis). During this time-period, a total of 14 mortalities occurred. Most of the patients were discharged after completion of amphotericin-B therapy and rest stayed little longer till their general condition improved. COVID-19 causes dysregulation and alteration of immune response in the body which predispose to invasive fungal infections. In addition, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid treatment increase the risk of mucormycosis by many folds.
Japanese Inspiration in the Art of Nandalal Bose
Authors: Kini-Singh Amita
Published: February 2022

This article explores the impact of Japanese art and its techniques on the work of Nandalal Bose (1882–1966), one of India’s pre-eminent artists, by locating specific influences from leading Japanese artists of his era, with whom he had close associations during his lifetime. It builds a case for the argument that despite being a staunch advocate for indigenous aesthetics, the depth and versatility of Nandalal’s artistic oeuvre was rooted in his ability to absorb select practices from other artistic cultures, specifically the Japanese, enabling us to connect the origins of India’s modernistic art practices principally to him. The article draws attention to the stylistic and ideological learning that he acquired during interactions with master artists from Japan, including Yokoyama Taikan, Hishida Shunsō and Arai Kanpō and demonstrates the significance of these Japanese influences to both Nandalal’s artistic life and, as a direct result, to the stylistic direction taken by Indian art in the mid-twentieth century.
Instructional strategies to support shared reading with learners who are deafblind
Authors: Brum Christopher , Bruce Susan M
Published: February 2022

The field of deafblindness has developed evidence-based practices in communication development and intervention, but very little research has been published on literacy. This study examined the survey responses of 84 participants from 25 states, and 10 follow-up interviews to learn more about emerging instructional ideas specific to shared story reading, also known as interactive reading. The thematic analysis resulted in eight themes and associated instructional strategies. Attentional and engagement strategies included unique considerations due to the impact of deafblindness on accessibility and meaning-making. Teachers, interveners, and parents used practices grounded in both the child-guided approach and systematic instructional approach. They shared vocabulary acquisition strategies, pointing to the link between vocabulary and comprehension. Drawing and writing strategies were used to create text and in extension activities. Touch and tactile strategies were used in preparing materials and during shared reading sessions. Participants applied a variety of comprehension strategies including repetition, prediction, and questioning. Across the survey and interview responses, it was evident that participants understood the role of integrating individually appropriate receptive and expressive communication modes/forms in shared reading activities.
Risk factors associated with poorer experiences of end-of-life care and challenges in early bereavement: Results of a national online survey of people bereaved during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Selman Lucy Ellen , Farnell DJJ , Longo M , Goss S , Seddon K , Torrens-Burton A , Mayland CR , Wakefield D , Johnston B , Byrne A , Harrop E
Published: February 2022

Background:

Experiences of end-of-life care and early bereavement during the COVID-19 pandemic are poorly understood.

Aim:

To identify clinical and demographic risk factors for sub-optimal end-of-life care and pandemic-related challenges prior to death and in early bereavement, to inform clinical practice, policy and bereavement support.

Design:

Online national survey of adults bereaved in the UK (deaths between 16 March 2020 and 2 January 2021), recruited via media, social media, national associations and organisations.

Setting/participants:

711 participants, mean age 49.5 (SD 12.9, range 18–90). 628 (88.6%) were female. Mean age of the deceased was 72.2 (SD 16.1, range miscarriage to 102 years). 311 (43.8%) deaths were from confirmed/suspected COVID-19.

Results:

Deaths in hospital/care home increased the likelihood of poorer experiences at the end of life; for example, being unable to visit or say goodbye as wanted ( p < 0.001). COVID-19 was also associated with worse experiences before and after death; for example, feeling unsupported by healthcare professionals ( p < 0.001), social isolation/loneliness (OR = 0.439; 95% CI: 0.261–0.739), and limited contact with relatives/friends (OR = 0.465; 95% CI: 0.254–0.852). Expected deaths were associated with a higher likelihood of positive end-of-life care experiences. The deceased being a partner or child also increased the likelihood of positive experiences, however being a bereaved partner strongly increased odds of social isolation/loneliness, for example, OR = 0.092 (95% CI: 0.028–0.297) partner versus distant family member.

Conclusions:

Four clear risk factors were found for poorer end-of-life care and pandemic-related challenges in bereavement: place, cause and expectedness of death, and relationship to the deceased.
A rapid review of end-of-life needs in the LGBTQ+ community and recommendations for clinicians
Authors: Lintott Lisa , Beringer Robert , Do Annie , Daudt Helena
Published: February 2022

Background:

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer plus (LGBTQ+) adults face challenges accessing end-of-life care. Understanding the experiences of LGBTQ+ persons within the end-of-life context is crucial in addressing their needs and supporting equity at end of life.

Aim:

Review recent literature documenting the experiences of LGBTQ+ adults nearing end-of-life, identifying needs, barriers to care, and translating this into clinical recommendations.

Design:

A rapid review design was chosen for prompt results. The process was streamlined by limiting the literature search to peer-reviewed articles, dissertations, theses, by date and language. Data collection used a predetermined set of items based on Meyer’s Minority Stress and Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Models including participants’ voices, needs, and barriers. Thematic analysis of collected data was conducted and presented results in a narrative summary.

Data Sources:

We searched six electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses A&I, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Open Access Theses and Dissertations, CINAHL, and Google Scholar) for articles published from 2016 to 2020.

Results:

We included and appraised for quality 33 articles. We uncovered three latent themes: systemic barriers, a lack of lived experience within the literature, and treatment of LGBTQ+ as one homogeneous group.

Conclusions:

The hybrid Meyer’s Minority Stress and Bronfenbrenner Ecological model elucidated how stressors and social contexts may impact LGBTQ+ adults when accessing end-of-life care. Incorporating LGBTQ+ cultural competence training into continuing education and ensuring that LGBTQ+ individuals participate in the development of end-of-life care programming may better attend to the needs of this population.
Imagining Peace Outside of Liberal Statebuilding: Anarchist Theory as Pathway to Emancipatory Peacefacilitation
Authors: Rusche Jonas
Published: February 2022

Critical scholarship on peace has coined the term liberal peacebuilding and proven that it is unsuccessful, even counterproductive, in achieving that what it sets out to do—foster peace after violent conflict. The dominant part of this endeavor has been statebuilding. This paper adds to a slowly developing literature that starts to ask the question what an alternative to the reliance on statebuilding could look like. By employing anarchist theory, a new theoretical methodology is introduced to International Relations that allows to imagine forms of peace outside the liberal paradigm whilst preventing imperialistic claims. Such an emancipatory peace practice based on anarchism is envisioned as to build on prefigurative politics and direct action, strengthening autonomy, decentralization, and horizontality as well as challenge all structural forms of domination through radical forms of self-determination. Incorporating such an anarchist agenda offers one perspective on what fostering peace outside decontextualized and imposed liberal nation states could be. I argue that challenging statebuilding foreshadows a greater implication an anarchist research agenda promotes, namely, the need to move away from peace building toward emancipatory forms of peace facilitation.