bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLOBALIZAÇÃO, PROCESSOS DE CIVILIZAÇÃO, LíNGUAS E CULTURAS
Authors: Mignolo Walter D.
Published: August 2022

Visto por Norbert Elias como um resultado da expansão colonizadora ocidental datada dos primórdios do século XVI e que se estende até os dias atuais,. o fenômeno da globalização tem provocado. ao longo de sua existência. mudanças e reorganizações das línguas e dos costumes dos povos envolvidos nos processos de colonização em todos os continentes. Segundo o antropólogo brasileiro Darcy Ribeiro, o processo de civilização não pode ser visto meramente como fenômeno limitado à expansão ocidental, como queria Elias,. mas sim concebido em termos de toda a humanidade. A discussão entre o processo de civilização de Elias e de Darcy Ribeiro é travada neste texto elaborado a partir de uma conferência sobre os processos de civilização por que passou a humanidade a partir do início do ano de J 500, quando das missões de colonização lideradas pelas então potências européias, levando sua força e impondo a subordinação aos povos colonizados, o que resultou num fenômeno único observado nos quatro cantos do mundo. Globalization, Civilization Processes, Languages and Cultures Seen by Norbert Elias as a result of the colonial expansion of the West, originating at the beginning of the 16th century and extending until our present days, the phenomenon of globalization has provoked throughout its existence changes and reorganizations in the language and habits of the peoples involved in the process of colonization on every continent. According to the Brazilian anthropologist Darcy Ribeiro, the civilization process cannot be seen merely as a phenomenon limited to the expansion of the West, as Elias suggested, but should be conceived in terms of the whole of humanity. The debate between the civilization processes of Elias and Darcy Ribeiro is examined in this text, which elaborates on a conference about the civilization processes through which humanity passed starting in the beginning of the year 1500, when the colonization missions lead by the European powers imposed through force the subordination of the colonized peoples, which lead to a unique phenomenon observed in the four corners of the world.  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
TRABALHO, FAMÍLIA E MOBILIDADE SOCIAL: um estudo sobre sociabilidade operária
Authors: Lima Jacob Carlos
Published: August 2022

O artigo trata da experiência de um grupo de trabalhadores fabris na Paraíba, estado sem tradição industrial, marcado por altos índices de migração e miserabilidade de sua população, subemprego e desemprego. Através da análise de trajetórias profissionais e pessoais desses trabalhadores procura-se recuperar o significado atribuído ao trabalho na fábrica, a importância  do grupo familiar e das redes sociais informais na busca e manutenção do emprego, sinônimo de mobilidade social possível, e acesso a direitos sociais. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: trabalho fabril; trajetórias profissionais; redes informais; família; mobilidade social; direitos sociais. Family, work and social mobility: A study on the worker’s sociability     This paper deals with the experience of a group of workers in the textile industry in Paraíba, a brazilian state with no industrial tradition, whose population shows high rates of migration, impoverishment, under-employment and unemployment. The objective of this paper is to try recover the meaning of working in a textile industry, the importance of the family group and the social ties in the search and maintenance of a job, as a synonym of possible social mobility and access to social rights, by means of an analysis of the workers’ professional and personal paths. KEY WORDS: textile industry; professional paths; informal network; family; social mobility; social rights. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Molecularly Engineered Protein Glues with Superior Adhesion Performance
Authors: Wang Zili , Gu Xinquan , Li Bo , Li Jingjing , Wang Fan , Sun Jing , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Kai , Guo Weisheng
Published: August 2022

Naturally inspired proteins are investigated for the development of bioglues that combine adhesion performance and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. However, engineering such adhesives by rational design of the proteins at the molecular level is rarely reported. Herein, it is shown that a new generation of protein‐based glues is generated by supramolecular assembly through de novo designed structural proteins in which arginine triggers robust liquid–liquid phase separation. The encoded arginine moieties significantly strengthen multiple molecular interactions in the complex, leading to ultrastrong adhesion on various surfaces, outperforming many chemically reacted and biomimetic glues. Such adhesive materials enable quick visceral hemostasis in 10 s and outstanding tissue regeneration due to their robust adhesion, good biocompatibility, and superior antibacterial capacity. Remarkably, their minimum inhibitory concentrations are orders of magnitude lower than clinical antibiotics. These advances offer insights into molecular engineering of de novo designed protein glues and outline a general strategy to fabricate mechanically strong protein‐based materials for surgical applications.
A Promoter‐free Protocol for the Synthesis of Selenophosphates and Thiophosphates via a Spontaneous Process at Room Temperature
Authors: Yang Bin , Zhang Xin‐Yue , Yue Hui‐Qi , Li Wen‐Zuo , Li Ming , Lu Lu , Wu Zi‐Qian , Li Ji , Sun Kai , Yang Shang‐Dong
Published: August 2022

A promoter‐free chalcogenophosphorylation reaction between diverse P(O)−H reagents and chalcogenosulfonates has been developed. In the absence of metal or any other additives, these transformations proceed through a spontaneous process at room temperature, which provide a convenient and compatible approach to a broad range of selenophosphates and thiophosphates.

magnified image
Expanding the Diversity of Pyridines Through Annulation of Keto and Diketo Compounds
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Meher Punam
Published: August 2022

An efficient gold [Au]‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis has been developed for the construction of biologically interesting mono‐ and bipyridines by utilizing the commercially available cyclic ketones and propargylamine in a sealed tube. The formation of bipyridine derivative 21 a indicates that annulation followed by retro‐Diels–Alder reaction is occurring with norbornene system. However, keto‐derivatives containing bicyclo[2.2.2]octene system 25 indicate that retro‐Diels–Alder reaction is not facile. Compounds 32 a and 33 a were subjected to ring opening cross‐ metathesis to generate diversity and further functionalization of pyridine derivatives.
CRISPR/Cas‐Powered Biosensing
Authors: Deng Mengying , Li Fengqin , Zuo Xiaolei , Li Min
Published: August 2022

CRISPR/Cas system is to be a powerful tool to construct the nucleic acid diagnostic platform. Specific recognition and cleavage of CRISPR/Cas systems enable selective recognition of analytes and physicochemical signal translation of biorecognition events. Given the diversity of Cas effectors, we outline various types of Cas effectors and their associated single‐guide RNA (sgRNA), protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sequence, or protospacer flanking sequence (PFS), as well as the characteristics of the CRISPR/Cas complex in nucleic acid detection. In light of this, we discuss the coupling of CRISPR/Cas systems to various biosensing strategies (e.g., amplification strategy, electronic methods, or optical methods) and point‐of‐care testing (POCT) (e.g., paper‐based lateral flow assays, field‐effect transistor, microfluidics devices, and solid‐state nanopore sensors) that could enable the specificity and sensitivity of the diagnostic platform for biosensing applications. Additionally, we also discuss the new frontiers and the challenges to be addressed in this field.
Clinical Issues—September 2022
Authors: Seeman Kristyn
Published: August 2022

THIS MONTH

Providing inclusive care to patients in the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning community

Key words: unisex restroom, patient privacy, inclusivity, “Safe Zone,” LGBTQ community.

Preventing trips over power cords

Key words: power cords, pathway, Bluetooth, wireless technology, falls.

Reducing discomfort of personnel standing for prolonged procedures

Key words: prolonged standing, antifatigue mats, sit‐stand stools, microbreaks, ergonomics.

Using a clear adhesive dressing as a sterile drape patch

Key words: adhesive dressing, patch, instructions for use (IFU), sterile drapes, contamination.
Polymer beads dispersed liquid crystal devices (PBLCD) achieved by predesigned radially constructed polymeric particles
Authors: Wu Guan‐Yi , Chang Kai‐Ti , Ou Szu‐Yin , Zhuang Chao‐Hui , Liu Chun‐Yen
Published: August 2022

In this article, we demonstrate a novel design of liquid crystal (LC) displays via predesigned radially constructed polydopamine (PDA) particles. The synthesized PDA particles were modified with dimethyloctadecyl‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ammonium chloride (DMOAP) showing radial constructions. Both PDA particles and surface‐modified PDA particles were used to disturb the order of the LC arrangement, showing an opaque appearance. Based on the results, the radially constructed PDA particles efficiently enhanced the performance of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) devices. Adding 0.1 wt% DMOAP‐modified PDA particles into the CLC device shows a higher contrast of 82.2%, a lower threshold voltage of 2.4 V and a fast response time of 7.7 ms. Without adding polymer beads, no any display contrast was observed. The results suggest that the synthesized surface‐modified PDA particles disturb the alignment of LCs dispersed in LC cells, leading to a great improvement in the contrast of the CLC devices. In addition, a prepared traditional polymer stabilized CLC (PSCLC) cell shows only 2.8% contrast. The best performance, with a high contrast of 93.8%, a low threshold voltage of 10.4 V and a fast response time of 10.2 ms, was achieved by adding 0.1 wt% modified PDA particles into the CLC device.
From high‐pressure β‐V2O5 to κ‐NaxV2O5 (x = 0.4 − 0.55): A structural, chemical, and kinetic insight into a sodiated phase with a large interlayer space
Authors: Córdoba Rafael , Goclon Jakub , Sarapulova Angelina , Fu Qiang , Maibach Julia , Dsoke Sonia , Fauth François , Kuhn Alois , García‐Alvarado Flaviano
Published: August 2022

Vanadium pentoxide polymorphs are attracting much interest due to their remarkable electrochemical performance as positive electrodes for rechargeable metal‐ion batteries. High‐pressure β‐V2O5 is an interesting positive electrode material for Na‐ion batteries able to intercalate 1 Na+/formula unit delivering a capacity of 147 mAh g−1. The sodium intercalation of 0.4 Na+ has been described in the literature as a two‐phase domain involving an important structural rearrangement yielding NaxV2O5, but details about the structural changes upon sodium intercalation and structure of intercalated Na0.4V2O5 have not been elucidated so far. In this work, we performed operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction measurements on sodium batteries on discharge. A full crystal structure determination for such phase, which we have called κ‐Na0.4V2O5, was carried out for the first time directly from operando measurements in monoclinic space group C2/m. Structural analysis was completed with bond valence sum calculations revealing the sites of intercalated sodium in κ‐NaxV2O5 and the structure was further optimized by means of density functional theory calculations. Operando X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy allowed to unveil the redox changes upon the phase transformation from β‐V2O5 into κ‐NaxV2O5, providing information about the reduction of vanadium from V5+ to V4+. The phase transformation also produced enhanced charge transfer and sodium diffusion processes, as deduced from both impedance and kinetic study.
Field studies of bioluminescence in Bransfield Strait in 2022
Authors: Melnik Alexandr V. , Melnik Lidiya A. , Mashukova Olga V. , Chudinovskikh Elena. S.
Published: August 2022

In January 2022, during scientific cruise 87 on the RV Academic Mstislav Keldysh in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean, three hydrobiophysical cross‐sections were performed in the Bransfield Strait. Bioluminescent signals were measured in a layer of 0–200 m at each of the 24 stations located at three sites. For the first time, a new hydrobiological system ‘Salpa MA +’ was used, which made it possible to obtain novel data in the photic layer of the studied water area. Bioluminescence studies were accompanied by simultaneous measurements of background indicators: temperature, electrical conductivity, photosynthetically active radiation, and they were compared with the data from plankton samples processing. Bioluminescent potential was registered at almost all the stations. The maximum level of bioluminescence was registered in the area of the archipelago of the South Shetland Islands, where the maximum accumulation of Salpa thompsoni, Foxton 1861 was noted. The purpose of this work is to identify the main factors and patterns affecting the intensity of the bioluminescence field in the region under study.
Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry–based plasma metabolomics study of hepatoprotective effect of cuscutae semen on CCl4‐induced liver injury model of rats
Authors: Xu Shu‐ya , Zhang Ying , Han Ting , Li Xiang‐ri , Li Li‐hong , Zuo Li‐jie
Published: August 2022

Hepatic disorders are a serious health problem threatening human beings. Cuscutae semen (CS), a widely used Chinese medicine, is a tonic to nourish the liver and kidney. Our research aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effect of CS on CCl4‐induced liver injury rats using plasma metabolomics. Liver injury in rats was induced by 40% CCl4 in olive oil twice a week for 21 days. The CS group received 2 g/kg of CS every day for 21 days. The liver tissues were used for histological studies. The serum was used for the analysis of biochemical parameters. Plasma metabolomic analysis was performed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. CS could relieve hepatocyte necrosis and decrease the levels of serum biochemical parameters in comparison the with CCl4 group. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis on plasma metabolomes showed an obvious separation among the control, model, and CS groups. Heatmap showed that CS‐administered mice had similar metabolite profiles as the control group. Seven influential pathways in plasma of the hepatoprotective effect impacted by CS were identified. This study confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of CS, and the related metabolic pathways were discussed.
Kinetic Study of the Water‐Gas Shift Reaction at Ultralow Temperature over a Ru‐Based Supported Ionic Liquid Phase Catalyst
Authors: Fischer Ferdinand , Jess Andreas
Published: August 2022

The water‐gas shift reaction is subject to thermodynamic limitation, i.e., CO conversion increases with decreasing temperature. Thus, it is preferential to keep temperatures as low as possible at reasonable kinetic rates. In this work, the performance of a ruthenium‐based supported ionic liquid phase catalyst is shown for the water‐gas shift reaction at ultralow temperature. Furthermore, a model for the intrinsic kinetics of the water‐gas shift reaction using this supported ionic liquid phase catalyst is presented. For this purpose, a formal kinetic power law and a mechanistic general catalytic cycle kinetic approach were applied. Supported ionic liquid phase catalysts with filling levels up to 30 % were prepared. For filling levels < 13 %, internal mass transport limitations do not occur and intrinsic kinetics prevail.
Niobium and tantalum recovery from the primary source and from tin slag, an industrial challenge: A review
Authors: de Oliveira Juliana Mendes , Anes Iara Alves , Coleti Jorge Luís , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , de Carvalho Marcelo Siqueira , Tenório Jorge Alberto Soares
Published: August 2022

Niobium (Nb) and Tantalum (Ta) are used to increase materials' mechanical resistance and produce lighter alloys. Worldwide Nb production reached 78 000 t in 2020. The reduced ore offer justifies the recycling of these metals from tin slag, contributing to the circular economy. Nb2O5 and Ta2O5 extraction either from the primary source or the tin slag is an industrial challenge. Nb and Ta dissolution processes already implemented are fluoride leaching, sulphuric leaching, alkaline leaching, and alkaline roasting. The fluoride process raises environmental concerns about waste control. The sulphuric method can be managed to have higher Nb and Ta extraction in a less aggressive process, if some changes are implemented, such as increasing the number of extraction steps, decreasing the pulp density, or increasing the temperature; however, the efficiency of this methodology must be tested for tin slag. The alkaline method seems to be more selective to Nb and Ta by reactants and temperature control. Despite those well‐established Nb and Ta treatments, they must be adapted to recover Nb and Ta from slag. The slag has low Nb and Ta content, while high Si and Ca concentrations exist in the matrix. This paper brings the main methods used to extract the Nb and Ta from the primary resources and an overview of Nb and Ta recovery from the slag. This investigation comes as a tool to guide the development of new methods to recover Nb and Ta from low‐grade sources such as tin slag.
Neuromorphic Liquids, Colloids, and Gels: A Review
Authors: Kheirabadi Noushin Raeisi , Chiolerio Alessandro , Szaciłowski Konrad , Adamatzky Andrew
Published: August 2022

Advances in flexible electronic devices and robotic software require that sensors and controllers be virtually devoid of traditional electronic components, be deformable and stretch‐resistant. Liquid electronic devices that mimic biological synapses would make an ideal core component for flexible liquid circuits. This is due to their unbeatable features such as flexibility, reconfiguration, fault tolerance. To mimic synaptic functions in fluids we need to imitate dynamics and complexity similar to those that occurring in living systems. Mimicking ionic movements are considered as the simplest platform for implementation of neuromorphic in material computing systems. We overview a series of experimental laboratory prototypes where neuromorphic systems are implemented in liquids, colloids and gels.
A machine learning‐based compressive spectrum sensing in 5G networks using cognitive radio networks
Authors: Perumal Ramakrishnan , Nagarajan Sathish Kumar
Published: August 2022

In recent times, evolution of communication technology and standard has grown in leaps and bounds from a conventional 1G communication technology towards the recent 5G and 6G technologies in a very short span of time. However, due to increasing scarcity of spectrum for these devices, cognitive radio networks (CRNs) have emerged to be promising solutions to allocate the required spectrum to the users in an intelligent manner. The method of compressive sensing‐based cyclo‐stationary feaure detection method is implemented based on a powerful CNN classifier to detect the presence or absence of PU activity. Detection probability and MSE have been improved, and the optimal detection has been reformulated for minimizing the possibility of error. Performance metrics have been compared against benchmark methods and superior performance reported. The sensing conduction and the accuracy of the proposed design are increased as 98.5%.
Time‐switched energy harvesting amplify‐forward relay with direct link: Performance analysis
Authors: Singh Kaustubh Ranjan , Garg Parul
Published: August 2022

A dual‐hop time‐switched (TS) energy harvesting (EH) amplify forward (AF) relay system has been considered, which comprises three nodes: source (S), destination (D), and an energy harvesting relay (R), respectively. Besides the relay link, the proposed architecture has an additional direct link between the source and destination node. For this model, we derive the expressions for system outage probability and throughput. The proposed architecture shows significant performance increments in terms of system outage probability and throughput when compared with a traditional EH relay system having no direct link.
Tabular strategies for metadata in ecology, evolution, and the environmental sciences
Authors: Lortie C. J. , Vargas Poulsen Camila , Brun Julien , Kui Li
Published: August 2022

Data support knowledge development and theory advances in ecology and evolution. We are increasingly reusing data within our teams and projects and through the global, openly archived datasets of others. Metadata can be challenging to write and interpret, but it is always crucial for reuse. The value metadata cannot be overstated—even as a relatively independent research object because it describes the work that has been done in a structured format. We advance a new perspective and classify methods for metadata curation and development with tables. Tables with templates can be effectively used to capture all components of an experiment or project in a single, easy‐to‐read file familiar to most scientists. If coupled with the R programming language, metadata from tables can then be rapidly and reproducibly converted to publication formats including extensible markup language files suitable for data repositories. Tables can also be used to summarize existing metadata and store metadata across many datasets. A case study is provided and the added benefits of tables for metadata, a priori, are developed to ensure a more streamlined publishing process for many data repositories used in ecology, evolution, and the environmental sciences. In ecology and evolution, researchers are often highly tabular thinkers from experimental data collection in the lab and/or field, and representations of metadata as a table will provide novel research and reuse insights.
Use of sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors in acute heart failure: a practical guidance
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Pimenta Joana , Moura Brenda , Aguiar Carlos , Franco Fátima
Published: August 2022

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is the most frequent cause of hospital admission among patients 65 years or older. Patients hospitalized for acutely decompensated chronic HF and ‘de novo’ acute heart failure (AHF) continue to experience unacceptably high post‐discharge readmission and mortality rates.

Methods and results

Until recently, trials had failed to improve outcome in patients with AHF irrespective of ejection fraction with exception of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) that improved clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for AHF in the Study to Test the Effect of Empagliflozin in Patients Who Are in Hospital for Acute Heart Failure (EMPULSE) and in the Effect of Sotagliflozin on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Post Worsening Heart Failure (SOLOIST‐WHF) trials.

Conclusions

This document reviews the potential utility of SGLT2i in patients hospitalized for AHF.
Effects of First‐Coordination Sphere and Buffers on the Nitrosyl‐Nitrite Conversion Rate in Ru(II) Complexes
Authors: Rebecchi Rios Rafaella , Gracielli Sousa Rodrigues Phamilla , Biazzotto Juliana C. , Galembeck Sérgio Emanuel , Santana da Silva Roberto
Published: August 2022

Nitrogen oxide derivative ruthenium compounds can deliver nitric oxide (NO) by chemical, electrochemical, or photochemical processes. Among these compounds, nitrosyl ruthenium complexes have been one of the most studied species. The σ‐ and π‐character of the co‐ligand L in [RuL5(NO)]n+ exerts a unique and determining effect on the structure of the complex and the NO delivery mode. We have found inconsistencies in this assertion. How the buffer medium influences the hydrolysis rate constant of nitrosyl ruthenium complexes such as cis‐[Ru(NO)(bpy)2L]3++(L=4‐pic; py; isn and 4‐acpy) has been evaluated in biphthalate, phosphate, and imidazole buffer solutions. For the studied ruthenium complexes, hydrolysis depended on the π‐acceptor character of ligand “L”, with kobs increasing in the following order: 4‐pic<py<isn<4‐acpy. For nitrite conversion, the relative efficiency of the buffers increased in the order: biphthalate<phosphate<imidazole for all the studied nitrosyl ruthenium complexes. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that the second‐coordination sphere interacts with the ruthenium complexes. By conducting theoretical modeling studies, we have elucidated the potential contribution of this interaction to nitrosyl/nitrite interconversion.
A novel 2D analytical model for predicting single and multiple‐interacting wakes of horizontal‐axis wind turbines
Authors: Asad Ayoubi Peyman , Eftekhari Yazdi Mohammad , Harsini Iraj
Published: August 2022

A 2D analytical model has been proposed for predicting the wind velocity distribution inside the wake by coupling the Jensen wake model and the Gaussian function using the conservation of mass and momentum. More realistic approaches were adopted in choosing the control volume and calculation of the wake initial radius at the formation and a new modified expression was employed for the wake turbulence intensity to be used for computation of the revised wake decay. Validation of the model was performed using a body of experimental and numerical data, where the model was thoroughly compared with five analytical models of the literature. The model was successful in predicting double‐interacting wakes, and gave more accurate single wake velocity profiles at the far wake region, especially at downwind distances of ( is the rotor diameter), which are the economically‐ and power harvesting‐optimized spacing between the turbines in wind farms.
Emotional, cognitive, and social functioning in children and early adolescents living in post‐armed conflict: Testing mediating mechanisms
Authors: Turunç Gamze , Kisbu Yasemin
Published: August 2022

This study examined whether, and to which extent, the associations between conflict intensity and children's and early adolescents' functioning problems were mediated through parental harsh discipline in a post‐armed conflict setting. Data from 9623 Iraqi mothers and their children who participated in UNICEF MICS showed that the associations between conflict intensity, parental discipline and child functioning were similar for children and early adolescents. Higher conflict intensity was indirectly associated with increased anxiety and depression, greater learning and cognitive difficulties, and greater social and behavioural problems through parental harsh discipline. The proportion mediated effect sizes emphasised the importance of parent‐focused interventions in improving child and adolescent functioning outcomes in conflict‐affected populations.
2‐Chloro‐5‐(1‐hydroxy‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl)benzenesulfonamides as potential inhibitors of urease: Synthesis, in‐vitro and molecular modeling approach
Authors: Irshad Sajid , Ahmad Saeed , Khan Mohsin Abbas , Aziz Mubashir , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Elhadi Muawya
Published: August 2022

The present work is focused on the identification of 2‐chloro‐5‐(1‐hydroxy‐3‐oxoisoindolin‐1‐yl) benzenesulfonamides (5a–5k) Schiff bases as potent urease inhibitors. The rationale behind the urease activity was to introduce lead candidate for the treatment of GIT disorders including gastric and peptic ulcer and hepatic encephalopathy. The synthesized compounds exhibited excellent anti‐urease activity which was further supported by in‐silico investigations. Therefore, it can be suggested that these derivatives can be considered as a potential lead in future for synthesis of potent inhibitors.
“There's so much more to that sinking island!”—Restorying migration from Kiribati and Tuvalu to Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Yates Olivia E. T. , Groot Shiloh , Manuela Sam , Neef Andreas
Published: August 2022

Background and Aims

Many Pacific people are considering cross‐border mobility in response to the climate crisis, despite exclusion from international protection frameworks. The ‘Migration with dignity’ concept facilitates immigration within existing laws but without host government support. Through the metaphor of Pacific navigation, we explore the role of dignity in the lives of I‐Kiribati and Tuvaluans in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Methods

Combining talanoa (pacific research method) with I‐Kiribati and Tuvaluan community members, alongside critical community psychology and thematic analysis, we depict climate mobility as a wa or vaka moana (ocean‐going canoes) journey.

Analysis

Participants are expert navigators, navigating immigration obstacles to (re)grow their roots in Aotearoa New Zealand before charting a course for future generations to thrive. They draw strength from culture and community to overcome the adversity of precarious living and visa non‐recognition.

Conclusion

Reconceptualising climate mobility through a Pacific lens imagines both dignity and cultural preservation as possible, despite the indignities and limitations of socio‐political systems and protections for climate migrants.
Low‐scale syringe‐made synthesis of 15N‐labeled oligonucleotides
Authors: Brož Břetislav , Tureček František , Marek Aleš
Published: August 2022

Fast and reasonable low‐scale (200 nmol) syringe‐made synthesis of 15N‐labeled oligonucleotides representing DNA trinucleotide codons is communicated. All codons were prepared by solid‐phase controlled pore glass synthesis column technique via the phosphoramidite method. Twenty‐four labeled oligonucleotides covering the DNA genetic code alphabet were prepared using commercially available reagents and affordable equipment in a reasonably short period of time, with acceptable yields and purity for direct applications in mass spectrometry.
Discovery of a small‐molecule inhibitor targeting the ovarian tumor domain of a novel Tamdy orthonairoviruse associated with human febrile illness
Authors: Li Zan , Wang Weijia , Xiao Yanshuang , Du Shan , Chen Zhuohang , Li Bing , Zhou Zhong‐Wei , Liu Kuancheng , Gao Feng , Sun Litao
Published: August 2022

Tick‐borne orthonairoviruses have been characterized as a global health threat to humans and animals. Tacheng Tick virus 1 (TcTV‐1) from this family was provided as evidence that is associated with the febrile illness syndrome. Here, we first identify and demonstrate that the ovarian tumor (OTU) domain of TcTV‐1 has remarkable deubiquitinating activity both in vitro and in vivo. By solving the crystal structure of TcTV‐1 OTU (tcOTU) domain and comparing it to that of human deubiquitinating enzymes, we found that overall structures of tcOTU and human OTU family are similar, but the residues involved in the catalytic pocket vary widely. Based on the tcOTU domain we screened 5090 bioactive compounds and found mecobalamin had a good effect on suppressing the deubiquitinating activity. The structural model of tcOTU and mecobalamin suggests that mecobalamin occupies the site of the substrate Ub, by blocking the substrate binding to the enzyme. Thus, our results showed OTU domain of TcTV‐1 has a robust deubiquitinating activity and mecobalamin or its derivatives might be promising candidates for the treatment or prevention of disease caused by the TcTV‐1 virus.
Metal adduction in mass spectrometric analyses of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates
Authors: Gass Darren T. , Quintero Ana V. , Hatvany Jacob B. , Gallagher Elyssia S.
Published: August 2022

Glycans, carbohydrates, and glycoconjugates are involved in many crucial biological processes, such as disease development, immune responses, and cell–cell recognition. Glycans and carbohydrates are known for the large number of isomeric features associated with their structures, making analysis challenging compared with other biomolecules. Mass spectrometry has become the primary method of structural characterization for carbohydrates, glycans, and glycoconjugates. Metal adduction is especially important for the mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates and glycans. Metal‐ion adduction to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates affects ion formation and the three‐dimensional, gas‐phase structures. Herein, we discuss how metal‐ion adduction impacts ionization, ion mobility, ion activation and dissociation, and hydrogen/deuterium exchange for carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. We also compare the use of different metals for these various techniques and highlight the value in using metals as charge carriers for these analyses. Finally, we provide recommendations for selecting a metal for analysis of carbohydrate adducts and describe areas for continued research.
Energy‐dependence investigation for a range of clinically used detectors from 70 kV to 6 MV
Authors: Shields Laura , Nikandrovs Mihails , Vintró Luis León , Clean Brendan Mc
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Accurate measurement of out‐of‐field dose in radiotherapy directly impacts beam data modeling in treatment planning systems, verification of implanted electronic devices/lens/fetus dose, secondary cancer risk estimation, and organ‐at‐risk dose reporting. When performing out‐of‐field dosimetry, it is therefore imperative that the response of the detector has been well characterized. Due to the softening of the radiation beam out‐of‐field, many detectors will exhibit energy dependence. This study investigated the energy dependence of a range of clinical available detectors over typical energies experienced out‐of‐field.

Methods

The response of detectors to photon beams from 70 kV to 6 MV was measured. The relative change in response from 6 MV down to 70 kV highlighted the expected deviation in the response of detectors that would typically be calibrated in‐field for use out‐of‐field.

Results

The Pinpoint detector displayed the most energy‐independent response over the energy range investigated. The Micro‐Lion detector was the only detector to show an under‐response to all low‐energy beams relative to 6 MV. The diode‐type detectors showed the largest energy dependence.

Conclusions

When considering detectors for use in out‐of‐field dose measurements, it is important that the energy dependence is investigated over a low‐energy range as out‐of‐field the energy spectra comprise a larger component of photons in the 50–100‐keV range. This study highlights the variation in response of a range of clinically available detectors to low‐energy radiation beams relative to 6 MV for out‐of‐field dosimetry. The Pinpoint detector was the most energy‐independent detector with a response close to unity over the entire energy range investigated.
Analytical uncertainty quantification approach based on adaptive generalized co‐Gaussian process model
Authors: Wan Hua‐Ping , Zhang Zi‐Nan , Luo Yaozhi , Ren Wei‐Xin , Todd Michael D.
Published: August 2022

Gaussian process modeling (GPM) is widely used to replace physical models for uncertainty quantification (UQ). The fidelity of training samples has a major impact on the prediction performance of the GPM, and the computational time of obtaining high‐fidelity (HF) samples from simulations may be very prohibitively expensive. Therefore, this study proposes the use of the multi‐fidelity GPM for UQ to make a trade‐off between the computational cost and accuracy by combining a few HF samples with many computationally‐cheaper low‐fidelity (LF) ones. Currently, the co‐Gaussian process model (co‐GPM, also known as multi‐fidelity GPM) requires that the LF and HF samples be nested. A generalized co‐Gaussian process model (GC‐GPM) is developed that can mix LF and HF samples under both nested and un‐nested conditions. In addition, to further alleviate the computational cost, an adaptive sampling strategy is introduced into GC‐GPM to reduce the number of training samples using a new infill criterion. Within the adaptive GC‐GPM framework, the high dimensional integrals associated with the statistical moments (mean and variance) of structural response can be decomposed to single dimensional ones that are analytically tractable, which finally allows for analytical calculation of the mean and variance. Three full‐scale structures are adopted to verify the reliability and efficiency of the proposed adaptive GC‐GPM method, and traditional GC‐GPM and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) are used for comparison purpose. The comparison results show that the UQ results of the adaptive GC‐GPM match well with those of the MCS and compared to the traditional GC‐GPM, the adaptive GC‐GPM owns higher computational accuracy and efficiency.
Multiple normals configuration on an arbitrary manifold for viscous mesh generation
Authors: Ye Hongfei , Chen Jianjun , Liu Taoran , Xiao Zhoufang , Zheng Jianjing , Zheng Yao
Published: August 2022

Marching normal calculation is considered the focus of the commonly used advancing layer method for viscous mesh generation, and the local configuration of multiple normals for complex corners locally is a rather complicated problem that has not been completely solved yet. In some extremely complex corners, even the advanced commercial software cannot generate positive prismatic meshes. To address this issue, this article presents a novel method to generate multiple normals on an arbitrary manifold. In the proposed method, we abstract the multiple normals displacement and topology connection calculation into a geometric problem on the unit sphere and prove that visible conditions can always be satisfied in finite multiple normals. After that, an engineering implementation is proposed, including an initial normal calculation using visual dependency graph analysis and spherical mesh optimization. The results show that our method can generate multiple normals at extremely complex corners where even advanced commercial software failed. The experiments of the industrial model proved the reliability and effectiveness of the first layer mesh generated by our method.
Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of sulfonated polyketone ion exchange membrane using response surface methodology
Authors: Lee Byoung‐Min , Kim Jeungju , Lim Ahyoung , Gwon Hui‐Jeong , Hwang Taek Sung
Published: August 2022

In this study, the process parameters used for the synthesis of sulfonated polyketone in the preparation of ion exchange membranes were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). Sulfonated polyketone ion exchange membranes were prepared by varying three process parameters: concentration of the sulfonating agent, reaction temperature, and reaction time. The properties of the prepared membranes, such as the degree of sulfonation, water uptake, swelling ratio, ion exchange capacity, and mechanical properties, were evaluated. According to the RSM analysis, the degree of sulfonation and swelling ratio of the sulfonated polyketone ion exchange membranes were predominantly affected by the concentration of the sulfonating agent, whereas the water uptake and mechanical properties were predominantly affected by the reaction temperature. The optimal process parameters determined for the synthesis of sulfonated polyketone in the ion exchange membranes are: sulfonating agent concentration of 0.4 wt.%, reaction temperature of 40°C, and reaction time of 62.6 min, which resulted in an ion exchange capacity of 0.88 meq/g. Based on these results, it was concluded that the analysis using RSM is very useful because the experiments and statistical analysis showed similar results.
Adaptation of the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) tool for childhood cancer in India: A qualitative study
Authors: Sasi Archana , Ganguly Shuvadeep , Sharma Shubhangi , Singh Ritika , Verma Vasudha , Bisht Reema , Kalra Devanshi , Satapathy Sujata , Bakhshi Sameer
Published: August 2022

Background

To fill the gap in patient‐reported outcome (PRO) assessment in children with cancer in India, we planned to adapt domains from the HealthMeasures Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) tool. This study attempted to identify and pool outcomes relevant to children with cancer and their caregivers in Northern India.

Methods

The study was qualitative and conducted through focussed group discussions (FGDs) and in‐depth interviews of children with cancer and their caregivers. Content analysis of transcripts from the sessions was done. The collected themes were collated with existing item banks of the PROMIS tool and new concepts unique to our population were compiled.

Results

A set of three FGDs and 14 interviews each for children and their caregivers were conducted. Following content analysis, 121 themes were identified including 10 new concepts. Themes pertaining to the physical domain were cited most. The theme distribution across the three domains was similar among children and caregivers. In the survivor cohort, the relative frequency of mention of psychological and social themes was higher compared to the whole cohort. Themes pertaining to mobility, cognitive dysfunction and peer relationships were more common among survivors.

Conclusions

This qualitative study in children with cancer and their caregivers in India has facilitated a better understanding of the issues pertaining to cancer care that are of most importance to its stake holders. The themes collected may be used to formulate a PRO tool uniquely tailored for use in this population.
Event‐triggered‐NN control for nonlinear system with unknown gain and disturbance
Authors: Li Meng , Chen Yong , Shi Peng
Published: August 2022

In this article, the problem of tracking control for nonlinear system with unknown gain and disturbance is studied. First, to compensate for the adverse effects of disturbance, a disturbance observer via sliding‐mode is designed to estimate the disturbance, and the finite‐time convergence of estimation error is ensured under certain conditions. Then, an event‐triggered neural networks controller based on estimated disturbance is presented to achieve tracking control. Among which, the Nussbaum technique is employed to deal with the unknown gain, and the super‐twisting estimator is introduced to estimate the derivative of virtual control input. Then a time‐varying event‐triggered strategy is designed to reduce communication load. Furthermore, the stability analysis shows that the close‐loop signals are bounded, the tracking error converges to a small compact set, and no Zeno phenomenon occurs. Finally, two examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed new design schemes.
Synthesizing studies for comparing different treatment sequences in clinical trials
Authors: Diao Guoqing , Ma Haijun , Zeng Donglin , Ke Chunlei , Ibrahim Joseph G.
Published: August 2022

With advances in cancer treatments and improved patient survival, more patients may go through multiple lines of treatment. It is of clinical importance to choose a sequence of effective treatments (eg, lines of treatment) for individual patients with the goal of optimizing their long‐term clinical outcome (eg, survival). Several important issues arise in cancer studies. First, cancer clinical trials are usually conducted by each line of treatment. For a treatment sequence, we may have first line and second line treatment data from two different studies. Second, there is typically a treatment initiation period varying from patient to patient between progression of disease and the start of the second line treatment due to administrative reasons. Additionally, the choice of the second line treatment for patients with progression of disease may depend on their characteristics. We address all these issues and develop semiparametric methods under the potential outcome framework for the estimation of the overall survival probability for a treatment sequence and for comparing different treatment sequences. We establish the large sample properties of the proposed inferential procedures. Simulation studies and an application to a colorectal clinical trial are provided.
The influence of small amounts of shear reinforcement on the shear‐transferring mechanisms in RC beams: An analysis based on refined experimental measurements
Authors: Autrup Frederik , Jørgensen Henrik Brøner , Hoang Linh Cao
Published: August 2022

Small amounts of shear reinforcement are often assumed to increase the shear capacity of RC beams, compared to an identical beam without shear reinforcement. However, in a recent experimental campaign, the shear capacity of beams with a shear reinforcement ratio below the minimum requirements according to the design standards turned out to be similar to identical beams without shear reinforcement. This paper presents a detailed analysis of why the shear capacity may be similar for beams without‐ and beams with small amounts of shear reinforcement. This includes the influence of small amounts of shear reinforcement on the shear behaviour and shear‐transferring mechanisms. The analysis shows that the crack development is more severe at the ultimate load for beams with a small amount of shear reinforcement compared to beams without shear reinforcement. This more severe crack development is shown to cause an overestimation of the shear contribution from aggregate interlock when applying a well‐known constitutive model often used for beams without shear reinforcement. Therefore, a new expression for the aggregate interlock stresses is proposed. A comparison of the proposed expression with Mixed‐Mode crack opening tests shows a good agreement with the test for both small and large crack openings. By applying the proposed expression on the measured crack kinematics it is shown that for a large shear contribution from aggregate interlock the shear contribution from the shear reinforcement is very limited and as the aggregate interlock stresses decrease the shear contribution from the shear reinforcement increases. This shift in the governing shear‐transferring mechanism can help to improve the requirements for the minimum shear reinforcement often found in the design standards.
IGFBP2 function as a novel biomarker for active lupus nephritis
Authors: Li Hui , Liang Jun , Gao Yingying , Liu Min , Xia Nan , Kong Wei , Zheng Lisha , Zhang Yikun , Li Zutong , Chen Hongwei , Liu Shanshan , Sun Lingyun
Published: August 2022

In search for new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of lupus nephritis (LN), we employed TMT-liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TMT-LC–MS/MS) combined with RNA-seq and identified a panel of proteins that was dysregulated both at protein level and mRNA level in active LN patients compared with healthy controls. We chose to study the role of IGFBP2 since it is a relatively understudied protein in the context of LN. We further validated that IGFBP2 significantly increased and correlated with SLE activity index in active LN patients. The receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve suggested that plasma IGFBP2 had a high diagnostic efficiency for distinguishing between inactive and active LN patients (AUC = 0.992; 95% CI = 0.974–1.000; P < 0.001). We demonstrated neutralizing IGFBP2-downregulated CD4+ T cell activation, upregulated the ratio of Treg, downregulated AKT/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway, and significantly improved nephritis in MRL/lpr mice. In all, our work demonstrated IGFBP2 as a biomarker specific for active LN and blocking IGFBP2 could be a new target for treating LN.

Key messages

Plasma IGFBP2 is a promising diagnostic marker for distinguishing stable LN from active LN, and it is also a predictor for the poor prognosis of LN.

Blockade of IGFBP2 can significantly improve the pathological damage of LN.

IGFBP2 may regulate activation of CD4+ T and Treg ratio.

Neutralizing IGFBP2 downregulates AKT/mTOR/4E-BP1 pathway.