bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Government Administrative Practices and Spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors:   Department of Public Administration Akwa Ibom State University, Ekanem Aniefiok Akpan , Ibanga Sunday Effiong ,   Department of Public Administration Akwa Ibom State University
Published: December 2023

This study examined government administrative practices and the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, employing a survey research design. The study sought to ascertain the effect of lockdown and quarantine as administrative practices on the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State. Data were collected from three hospitals, one from each of the three senatorial districts of the state. A descriptive research design was adopted to review data, using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25. The Emergency management theory was reviewed as a basis for the explanation of concepts for the study. The findings of the study revealed a significant effect of lockdown administrative practices on reducing the spread of COVID-19, while quarantine administrative practices indicated an insignificant impact on the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State. It was concluded that the use of lockdown and quarantine were useful administrative instruments for curtailing the spread of COVID-19 in Akwa Ibom State. The study therefore recommended that lockdown should be used in disease-endemic areas in Akwa Ibom state, especially in areas with high infection rates for Lassa fever and others. This would help curb infections like coronavirus. Also. there is a need for the government to retain all the activated quarantine centres for healthcare purposes if another pandemic occurs. This will reinforce the preventive capacity of the government to deal with such.
YABANCI DİL OLARAK KORECE ÖĞRETİMİNİN GEÇMİŞİ VE BUGÜNÜ
Authors: KORKMAZ Muhammet Emre
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretiminin geçmişi ve bugünü ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmada öncelikle yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretiminin geçmişi ele alınmıştır. Yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretiminin tarihi 18. yüzyıla dayandırılmaktadır. Fakat günümüzdeki yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretiminin temeli 1959 yılında Yonsei Üniversitesi bünyesinde kurulan Korece Dil Okulu ile atılmıştır. Bu tarihten günümüze kadar yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretimindeki öğreniciler ve materyaller üzerinden dönemsel değişimler çalışma kapsamında incelenmektedir. Özellikle günümüz gençleri arasında oldukça popüler olan yabancı dil olarak Korece öğrenimi; K-pop, K-beauty ve K-food gibi Kore Kültürünün etkisi ile büyüme ve gelişimdeki ivmesini arttırmaktadır. Çalışmada yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretiminin günümüzde eriştiği mevcut duruma dair genel çerçeve çizilmiştir. Bu kapsamda küresel çapta faaliyet göstermekte olan Kral Sejong Enstitüleri, Korece Yeterlilik Sınavı’nın yanı sıra RISS üzerinden yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretimine dair araştırma verileri ve Kore Hükümet Bursu gibi yabancı dil olarak Korece öğretimini yansıtan hususlar sayısal verilerle ele alınmakta ve incelenmektedir.
Pertinencia de un posgrado en salud pública en una Zona de Planificación de Ecuador. Una visión de empleabilidad
Authors: Tixi Saigua Joselyn Melissa , Ortega Buenaño Génesis Micaela
Published: January 2024

Introducción: las instituciones de educación superior tienen el reto de satisfacer las distintas expectativas, problemas y necesidades de la población, respondiendo a la planificación nacional, las exigencias del contexto científico mundial con un enfoque humanístico. Objetivo: conocer la pertinencia de un programa de maestría en salud pública en la Zona de Planificación 3 de Ecuador. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo, enfoque mixto y de tipo transversal. La muestra fue de 40 participantes con cargos administrativos y líderes de enfermería que pertenecían a diferentes establecimientos de salud en el año 2020. Resultados: gran parte del personal que laboraba en el segundo nivel de atención hospitalario consideraron determinante que los profesionales de enfermería de su organización contaran con un título de cuarto nivel preferiblemente relacionado a la salud pública o enfermería familiar y comunitaria. Conclusiones: los resultados contribuyen al estudio de pertinencia en la creación de una maestría en una de las provincias de la Zona 3 del Ecuador, en primer lugar, dada la escasa oferta en esta zona, y segundo, debido a que la formación posgradual de los profesionales de enfermería constituye un mecanismo esencial en la autorrealización y desempeño laboral, además de contribuir al mejoramiento de la calidad del cuidado de los pacientes.
Breve revisión narrativa de los impactos de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental
Authors: Orjuela Camargo Ana María , Caviedes Pérez Giovanni
Published: January 2024

El coronavirus o SARS-CoV-2 se convirtió, rápidamente, en un evento de salud pública internacional. Fue declarado pandemia por la OMS el 11 de marzo del 2020. Desde su brote en 2019 (Wuhan), impactó no solo en la salud física, sino también en la mental, tanto de la población general como de grupos especiales, según diversos estudios. Este artículo propone una reflexión a partir de una breve revisión narrativa de la literatura, con el fin de describir el impacto del COVID-19 sobre la salud mental. Se revisaron las publicaciones en PubMed y Google Académico, año 2020. Algunos de los factores asociados son género, edad, educación, comorbilidades, exposición a noticias y redes sociales relacionadas con COVID-19, apoyo psicosocial. Las diferentes investigaciones muestran que existe una alta prevalencia de problemas de salud psicológica. Se requiere atención desde los distintos entes gubernamentales a las consideraciones de salud mental durante el brote del COVID-19 emitidas por la OMS, así como las que propone la literatura científica.
Households’ Decision on Capital Market Participation: What Are the Drivers? A Multi-Factor Contribution to the Participation Puzzle
Authors: Oehler Andreas , Horn Matthias
Published: December 2023

Stock market investments are in the spotlight of the household finance literature, although real-world households make other financial decisions of higher relevance. We widen the scope and include decisions related to, e.g., voluntary pension plans, whole life insurance contracts, and housing and investments in other risky assets than stocks, e.g., bonds or mutual funds. Further, we provide a methodology that goes beyond regression analysis by employing a structural equation analysis (SEA) and apply it on data from a broad and representative survey of the German Central Bank. Our SEA allows us to investigate and quantitatively estimate complex relationships and to test several hypotheses simultaneously. Our structural equation model captures about 60% of the variation in the capital market participation decision. The results show that although households' financial literacy and risk aversion are most strongly related to investments in risky assets, further factors such as wealth, voluntary pension plans and whole life insurance contracts, financial advice, and investment experience should also be considered. Financial literacy is negatively related to risk aversion, i.e., the higher the financial literacy, the lower is the risk aversion. Age and gender are directly related to capital market participation and indirectly via financial literacy and risk attitude.
El feminismo neoconstitucional
Authors: Cárdenas Reyes Alejandra C
Published: January 2024

El artículo propone un debate sobre la relación que existe entre el neo constitucionalismo transformador que se implantó en el Estado ecuatoriano a partir de 2008, y las reivindicaciones feministas, relacionadas con el trabajo reproductivo. El artículo discute cómo la redistribución del trabajo reproductivo se ha convertido en una demanda feminista que fue incorporada en la norma constitucional, sin embargo, evidencia una brecha de aplicación, en tanto, este avance no se ve materializado en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres.
Sobre el control del cuerpo
Authors: Antonio Piedra Manuel
Published: January 2024

¿Por qué actuamos de una forma determinada? ¿Qué mecanismos se han utilizado para moldear nuestra conducta? Michel Foucault presenta una descripción detallada de cómo se ha aplicado la disciplina en el control del cuerpo, a través de varios mecanismos que siguen respondiendo al proyecto de la modernidad: el control de la naturaleza, que se traduce en la creación de una serie de dispositivos para controlar la corporalidad e inscribirla dentro del funcionamiento de un tipo de sociedad que cada vez se aleja más de sus raíces.
Defensa del consumidor y derecho penal en el Ecuador
Authors: Campaña Paola
Published: January 2024

Las reformas introducidas a la Ley Orgánica de Defensa del Consumidor, a través de la Ley Orgánica Reformatoria al Código Orgánico Integral Penal, han generado cambios muy importantes para el tratamiento de las infracciones que dicho cuerpo normativo contempla, ya que han sido incorporadas al ámbito material de la ley penal y se ha dispuesto su tramitación a través del procedimiento expedito contemplado para el juzgamiento de las contravenciones penales. Esta situación genera un problema de adaptación de los principios propios de la defensa de los derechos de los consumidores a los del derecho penal que puede provocar serias afectaciones a la vocación protectora de la materia.
El teletrabajo y su aplicación en la emergencia de la COVID-19
Authors: Echeverría Diego
Published: January 2024

El teletrabajo comprende la realización del trabajo a distancia por fuera del establecimiento de trabajo, mediante el soporte de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC). Consiste en una forma de organización del trabajo reconocida por el Ecuador en función de los artículos 284 y 325 de la Constitución. Deberán respetarse y garantizarse los mismos derechos laborales que se aplican en las formas de organización de trabajo tradicionales. Existen ventajas e inconvenientes que pueden ser analizados desde la perspectiva del trabajador, del empleador y de la sociedad en su conjunto. La interdependencia de derechos exige al Estado asegurar su protección y garantía, principalmente en contexto de emergencia. La COVID-19 plantea nuevos desafíos en la aplicación del teletrabajo.
Eutanasia y autonomía de la voluntad
Authors: Cordero Juan Manuel , Mogrovejo Alejandro Raúl , Sacoto María Carolina
Published: January 2024

Como contribución al debate en torno a la despenalización de la eutanasia, este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar jurídicamente el concepto de eutanasia voluntaria como una práctica en la que ha de primar el derecho a la autonomía de la voluntad sobre el derecho a la vida, así como el respeto que merecen los planes de vida como argumento para reafirmar el protagonismo del paciente al momento de establecer el valor de su propia vida. Igualmente, este trabajo se realiza con un enfoque en el que prima la calidad de vida. Para tal efecto, se aplicó una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, sustentada en el método hermenéutico-jurídico y en la técnica de la revisión bibliográfica.
Reforma judicial como prueba de la democracia delegativa en Ecuador
Authors: Guerrero Salgado Efrén
Published: January 2024

La mejora del sistema judicial es vital para el mantenimiento de la democracia y la aplicación de la regla de la ley. Varios países de América Latina se encuentran inmersos, durante los últimos 25 años, en un amplio proceso de reformas judiciales cuyos resultados son variables, tanto en su impacto y como en su evaluación. En Ecuador, la reforma judicial 2011-2013 se encuentra en medio de un debate académico en cuanto a su contribución al sistema democrático, centrado en la existencia o no de los vasos comunicantes entre el Ejecutivo y el Poder Judicial, y con ello, la pérdida de la independencia de la juez. En el presente artículo se propone analizar esta reforma, utilizando el modelo de democracia delegativa, para demostrar que la reforma judicial ha roto los mecanismos de rendición de cuentas horizontales y se ha centrado en la decisión del Ejecutivo. Para esto, se pondrá a prueba este proceso mediante la comparación, a través del análisis de redes sociales, y las relaciones de causa-consecuencia entre las acciones del Poder Ejecutivo y la reacción judicial.
Sobreviviendo en el hades
Authors: Fonseca Alonso
Published: January 2024

El artículo aproxima varios enfoques sobre la emergencia humanitaria provocada en Medio Oriente, principalmente por la guerra en Siria, que tiene repercusiones regionales y globales de post-frontera. Para intentar una convergencia conceptual de aspectos jurídicos, políticos y geo-estratégicos, se propone analizar el balance de la protección a migrantes y refugiados en primer lugar desde la mirada de las agencias internacionales de protección (OIM-ACNUR). En un segundo momento, se muestra el derecho a migrar, Ius Migrandi, como un derecho complejo, por cuanto su ejercicio supone examinar ciertas condiciones políticas y económicas que de algún modo cuestionan su cumplimiento como derecho. Finalmente, se acude a una visión de geografía crítica para situar lugares, actores y coyunturas dentro de los entramados de poder donde se desenvuelven las trayectorias de las personas en situación de desplazamiento.
Ponderación y proporcionalidad en el caso KIMEL-Argentina de la corte IDH
Authors: Espinosa Cueva Carla
Published: January 2024

Este artículo se centra en analizar, evaluar y problematizar el empleo de la ponderación y del principio de proporcionalidad con sus respectivos tres subprincipios: idoneidad, necesidad y proporcionalidad en sentido estricto, como un método racional o razonable en el caso Kimel-Argentina de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos relativo a la colisión entre la libertad de expresión y el derecho a la honra.
Criminología latinoamericana a partir de un enfoque postcolonial
Authors: Del Mar Gallegos María
Published: January 2024

El presente artículo, intenta exhortar a todos aquellos interesados en la materia, a desarrollar teorías ajustadas a la realidad que nos atañe. Principalmente incita a analizar la criminología desde una perspectiva postcolonial, esto es entender las consecuencias del colonialismo tanto en el colonizado como en el colonizador. El post colonialismo sostiene que los procesos de colonización siguen teniendo consecuencias en las dinámicas de nuestros días, dos de ellos según la posición del presente artículo, es en el derecho y especialmente en la violencia que se vive en Latino América. Por ello, si lo que se pretende es prevenir y aminorar la delincuencia, se debe incorporar teoría criminológica postcolonial, además que con ello se estaría descolonizando el pensamiento eurocéntrico.
Analysis of the Effect of Education and Training on Employee Performance at PT PLN NP UPDK Pandan
Authors: Teguh Wahyono  , Fadhlal Nugraha
Published: January 2024

This study aims to examine the effect of education and training on employee performance at PT PLN NP UPDK Pandan. The method used in this study is simultaneous hypothesis testing (F test) and partially (t test). The results of simultaneous regression model testing show that education and training variables together have a significant influence on employee performance, with an F value of 310.206 and a significance of 0.000. This suggests that hypotheses suggesting a significant influence between education and training on employee performance are acceptable. However, the test results partially showed that the education variable (X1) had no effect and was not significant on employee performance, with a significance value of 0.158. This means that the hypothesis that education influences employee performance is unacceptable. Meanwhile, the training variable (X2) was shown to have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a significance value of 0.000. The hypothesis that there is an effect between training and employee performance is acceptable. The results of the analysis showed that education did not have a significant effect on employee performance. However, training is proven to have a positive and significant influence on employee performance over other employees. This research provides a better understanding of the effect of education and training on employee performance at PT PLN NP UPDK Pandan. The results of this research can be used as a reference in the development of more effective education and training programs to improve employee performance in the company.
Estimation of Ganciclovir Drug by Oxidative Coupling Reactions with NBS as an Oxidant
Authors:   DNA Research Center, University Of Babylon, Babylon-51001, Iraq., Abdulzahra Mohammed Alaa , Ali Ammar M. ,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University Of Kufa, Najaf-54001, Iraq., Awad Ammar Abdul-Hussein ,   Department of Chemistry, Collage of education for Pure Sciences, University of Karbalaa , Karbalaa-56001, Iraq., Hassib Tholfekar Fo’ad ,   Department of Pharmacy, Al-Amal College For Specialized Medical Sciences, Karbalaa-56001, Iraq.
Published: December 2023

A versatile and simple spectrophotometric technique has been presented for the detection of Ganciclovir (GANCICLOVIR) in pharmaceutical formulations. The oxidation method included mixing an excessive amount of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) with Ganciclovir in an acidic solution, then calculating the amount of unreacted NBS using methyl blue at \(\lambda\) 610 nm. With a superior molar absorption of \(3.39 \times 10^{-3}\) L mol\(^{-1}\) cm\(^{-1}\), the amount of NBS interacting with the colorant is equal to the amount of the drug. The Sandell's sensitivity index was 0.169 g cm\(^{-2}\), the Beer-Lambert law scale was 1-35 \(\mu\)g mL\(^{-1}\), and the recovery of the concentration was 99% with a relative standard deviation of 0.01%. The technique was successfully used to measure the drug content in pharmaceutical formulations. The precise quantification of Ganciclovir, a highly effective antiviral medication, is of considerable significance in the fields of pharmaceutical analysis and clinical practice. The objective of this study was to establish a dependable and effective approach for the quantification of Ganciclovir via an oxidation reaction employing N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) as the oxidizing agent.
Reforming Primary Health Care in Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Udoh NB
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION:Society and all social systems are dynamic which means that changes occur continuously.  Some changes occur spontaneously while others are planned and executed.  Planned changes, or reforms, occur in all sectors of life, the aim usually being to improve efficiency and performance in the system so that society could be better served.  Since health is now regarded as a central focus in the overall developmental efforts of human societies, planned changes in the health sector occur very rapidly[1]. These changes have engendered profound impacts on the health of nations, leading to visible improvements in the quality of life.  Primary health care is one such planned change.  Since its definition and adoption in 1978[1], primary health care, where properly implemented has led to tremendous improvement in the health status of various communities as shown by drops in maternal mortality, infants mortality and other indices used in assessment of the health status of communities.  It has not been a smooth sail for primary health care in Nigeria, and by extension, Akwa Ibom State.  In the hay days of the programme, for example, immunization coverage country wide, as at 1990 was 65%[2].  Recently, coverage is said to have dropped to just 13%[3].  At a stage, things took such a dramatic turn that an assessment by some workers indicated that primary health care has completely collapsed at the local government level[4].  For the drift not to continue, primary health care at the local government level, which itself is a reform, has to be reformed.  In this article, we discuss reforms in general, in the health sector in particular and suggest measures to reform primary health care in Akwa Ibom State.
Antepartum haemorrhage
Authors: Aimakhu CO  , Umoh VA  , Iwe CAB
Published: December 2023

DEFINITIONAntepartum haemorrhage (A.P.H.) is defined as bleeding from the genital tract between 28 completed weeks of pregnancy to the birth of the baby.

INCIDENCEA.P.H. occurs in between 2 to 5% of pregnancies.
Updates on contraception
Authors: Kigbu JH  , Daniyan ABC
Published: December 2023

IntroductionContraception, which is the prevention of conception or impregnation by methods other than abstinence from coitus[1], has become an important subject the world over and in particular the Sub-Saharan African which has one of the highest fertility rates in the world.[2]

In the past, a high conception rate was counteracted by high fetal and maternal death rates as well as reduced life expectancy occasioned by disease, violence and war hence stabilizing the size of the family and community[3,4].  However with the advancements made in medicine and relatively improved socio-political environment, there has been increased survival rates and increased life expectancy with consequent increase in population.  Hence contraception which until recently was, a very sensitive subject among Africans given our moral, religious and cultural beliefs, is now being increasingly accepted as a necessary ingredient of socio-economic development.
Cardiothoracic surgical emergencies in a Niger Delta Tertiary Health Institution: A 12 month appraisal
Authors: Ekpe EE  , Nottidge TE  , Akaiso OE
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND: Many cardiothoracic surgical emergencies maybe life threatening. More than 70% of these are caused by thoracic trauma. Fortunately about 85% of thoracic trauma may be optimally treated with closed tube thoracostomy drainage (CTTD) or lesser procedures. A well dedicated trauma / cardiothoracic surgical unit is needed to significantly reduce the death toll from thoracic trauma.OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to audit the cases of cardiothoracic surgical emergencies that presented to, and were managed in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a one-year period in order to provide a database prior to a formal setup of a cardiothoracic surgery unit.STUDY DESIGN: Clinical records of all patients with cardiothoracic surgical emergencies who presented during the period under review were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 54 patients with cardiothoracic surgical emergencies during the period with male: female ratio of 2:1, and mean age of 30 years. Eighty-five per cent had thoracic trauma and 15% had major peripheral vascular injury. Thirty-five (64.8%) of the patients were treated in our hospital with medications and additional closed tube thoracostomy drainage in 51.9%. The remaining 35.2% of the patients were referred to cardiothoracic centre / units in other states over a range of 80 to 300 km away from Uyo, Nigeria.CONCLUSION: Our findings conform to the known epidemiological pattern of cardiothoracic surgical emergencies, and emphasize the urgent need for a functional / well equipped cardiothoracic surgical unit in our hospital.
Caesarean myomectomy in Kano northern Nigeria
Authors: Omole-ohonsi A  , Ashimi AO
Published: December 2023

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility and outcome of caesarean myomectomy.Patients and Methods: A retrospective study of cases of caesarean myomectomy at the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria, a tertiary health facility in a developing country between January 1998 and December 2004.Outcome Measures: Age and parity of the women, number, size and location of fibroids, duration of operation, estimated blood loss, postoperative complications and duration of hospital stay.Results: Sixteen cases of caesarean myomectomy were done during the study period using the tourniquet method. It involved the enucleation of single and multiple myomas during lower segment caesarean section (LSCS).The mean age of the women was 29.0 + 1.90 years. The mean duration of caesarean myomectomy was 54.75 + 4.57 minutes, while the mean duration of LSCS only in our unit was 42.0 + 3.16 minutes. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean duration of operation between the two groups (t = 15.94, df = 1550, P > 0.05). The mean blood loss during caesarean myomectomy was 460.31 + 81.74mls, while the mean blood loss during LSCS in our unit was 355.0 + 60.25mls. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean blood loss between the two groups (t = 0.85, df = 1550, P > 0.05). The postoperative period was uneventful in all the cases. They were all discharged on the 6th postoperative day. They were followed up until 3 months post-operation in the postnatal clinic.Conclusion: Caesarean myomectomy seems to be feasible and safe in selected cases when a tourniquet is applied.
Knowledge of cervical cancer and utilization of pap smear among patients in a tertiary Centre in South West Nigeria
Authors: Ajenifuja KO  , Adepiti CA
Published: December 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge of cervical cancer, patients' life style in relation to risk factors for cervical cancer and utilization of Pap smear as a screening method for cervical cancer.Materials and Method: A structured questionnaire incorporating demographic, life style and knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention was distributed to 500 consecutive women attending the gynaecological out- patient clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital.Results: 437 (87.4%) respondents completed the questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 37.1 years (17-70). Knowledge of cervical cancer was low, as 62.7% of the respondents had never heard of cervical cancer. Also very few had actually done Pap smear.Conclusion: Knowledge of cervical cancer is poor among Nigerian women and there is poor utilization of screening services
Relationship between random blood glucose levels and body mass index among rural adults in north central Nigeria
Authors: Etukumana EA  , Puepet FH  , Obadofin MO
Published: December 2023

BackgroundObesity, usually assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI), has been identified as one of the risk factors for type 2 Diabetes mellitus. However, there are mixed reports on the relationship between blood glucose levels and BMI .ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between Random blood glucose levels and Body Mass Index among rural adults in North Central Nigeria.

MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional descriptive study between February and May 2005. Seven hundred and fifty subjects who were ≥15years were sampled using systematic sampling technique. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Subjects were measured for height (m) and weight (kg); the Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Blood samples of subjects were used for the estimation of blood glucose concentration using the glucose oxidase method of Trinder.

ResultsThe study population consisted of 385(51.3%) males and 365(48.7%) females (male: female= 1.05:1). The mean age of the study population was 39.42±16.17years while the mean ages of the males and female were 35.23±14.09years and 43.83±17.04years respectively (t=7.55, p<0.001). The mean  Random Plasma glucose level (RPGL) in the study subjects was 5.68(±2.16)mmol/L [males 5.69(±2.42)mmol/L and females 5.67(±1.86)mmol/L, t=0.11, P=0.91]. The mean BMI of the subjects was 23.86(±4.01)kg/m2   [males 23.19(±3.23)kg/m2 and females 24.56(±4.56)kg/m2, t=4.75, P<0.001].There was no relationship between  random blood glucose levels and BMI of study subjects(r=0.00, P=0.30).

ConclusionWe found no relationship between the levels of random blood glucose and Body Mass Index among the rural adult in the north central Nigeria. It seems BMI would not be a good predictor of Diabetes Mellitus among rural adults.
Kawasaki disease in a two year old Nigerian child; full recovery with supportive treatment
Authors: Utuk EE  , Akpan MU
Published: December 2023

Data from a two year old male patient managed at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, southern Nigeria, is presented to highlight the sporadic occurrence of Kawasaki disease in a Nigerian child who was diagnosed as having a viral exanthema at the onset of illness, at a peripheral centre. His presentation at this tertiary hospital, coupled with the high clinical index of suspicion confirmed the evolving diagnosis. This report also highlights the associated challenges of therapy, especially non-availability of standard recommended treatment like the intravenous immunoglobulin in most clinical settings in Nigeria, and the clinical evidence, that supportive therapy is very helpful in this condition.
Assessment of implementation of integrated disease surveillance and response in Akwa Ibom State Nigeria
Authors: Motilewa OO  , Ekanem AM  , Akwaowo CD
Published: December 2023

IntroductionResulting from the problems associated with previous disease surveillance in Nigeria and by extension Africa, Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) was adopted in 1998 for the purpose of strengthening the surveillance system and for efficient use of resources.  Since its commencement, the implementation of the strategy has not been assessed in the State. The purpose of the study was to assess the implementation of IDSR in selected local governments of AkwaIbom State

Materials and MethodsA cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in six Midwife Service Scheme sites in 3 selected LGAs of the State, using interviewer administered questionnaires adapted from the IDSR guideline from January to March 2014. Data was analysed using Microsoft excel.

ResultsAll the facilities had no laboratory to confirm any of the priority diseases, they all lack reporting tools and the skilled to use them. There was no form of data analysis in all the facilities, only 50% of the facilities had calculator, none has a computer. No standard case definition in all the facilities except for measles and poliomyelitis. All the LGAs had designated officers for IDSR and nonfunctional preparedness committees. Two out of the three LGAs had trend analysis of the facilities in the 12 months preceding the study. Feedback from the State to LGA is verbal

ConclusionImplementation of IDSR in the State is suboptimal. Health workers need to be specifically trained on IDSR and resources committed for the implementation and monitoring of the strategy, to ensure effective disease control in the State. It is equally paramount that states; capacity on IDSR is strengthened to enable them monitor and evaluate their performance using established indicators
“Ameloblastoma” – A survey on the need for a multidisciplinary research approach to this biological enigma
Authors: Madukwe IU
Published: December 2023

Background:  Ameloblastoma is a strange clinic-histologic contradiction, with an aggressive clinical behavior and benign histological feature.  Enamel organ responsible for the physiological tooth formation is equally responsible for extensive contributions to Oral pathologies.  These pathological processes and conditions range from simple periodontal cyst to odontogenictumoursMethodology:  This is a survey in multidisciplinary research approach to the study of ameloblastoma in the College of Medical Sciences, University of Benin.  This survey was interactive through telephone calls and direct interview.  Interaction was with 39 doctors, made up of 13 maxillofacial surgeons, 21 doctors in physiology and 5 doctors in medical biochemistry.Result:  Out of 39 doctors interviewed, 5 (12.8%) maxillofacial surgeons, 8 (20.5%) physiologists and 3 (7.7%) medical biochemists indicated their interest to participate in the in vitro studies 16 (41%).Conclusion:  We conclude that multidisciplinary approach to ameloblastoma research is over due.Recommendation:  We therefore recommend a joint investigation of this enigma.
Surgical management of tuberculosis induced destroyed right lung with pathologic dextrocardia at UNTH, Enugu (a case report)
Authors: Nwafor IA  , Eze JC  , Ezemba N  , Onyekwulu FA  , Ngene CN
Published: December 2023

Chronic lung diseases like relapsed pulmonary tuberculosis can lead to many complications such as unilateral perenchymal destruction of the lung, pulmonary aspergilosis, scar adenocarcinoma of the lung, lung abscess or bronchiectasis among others. This reported case of unilateral right lung destruction with pathologic dextrocardia was a rare presentation in our institution. It was successfully managed by surgery. It should be emphasized that prompt diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and adequate treatment by DOT method will go a long way in reducing if not eliminating the attendant complications.
A Review on Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX): A Rare Autosomal Recessive Inherited Disease
Authors: Kashyap Ritik , Saha Kumar Akash , L Devakar , Kumar Amit
Published: December 2023

Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disease which is caused due to the mutation of CYP27A1 gene that encodes sterol 27-hydroxylase enzyme. Due to the pathogenic variation in this enzyme the bile acid synthesis pathway gets disturbed which results in the production of bile acid intermediates especially cholesterol & bile alcohols and these gets accumulated in various parts of the body resulting in formation of xanthomas. There is no permanent cure for CTX but the early detection and treatment with cholic and chenodexycholic acids have proven to reduce the severity of the condition. CTX is a genetic disease which generally prevails from the early childhood and lasts throughout the life. Thus, proper genetic counseling is recommended to help families understand the genetics and natural history of CTX, and also to provide the psychosocial support.
Covid Tongue - A New Symptom of Covid-19
Authors: Mylapalli Hima Bindu
Published: December 2023

Corona virus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 commonly called as novel corona virus 2 disease was declared as global health concern by world health organization (WHO). It is originated in Wuhan, China and now evolved into a global pandemic. The clinical spectrum of SARS CoV2 ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe disease requiring intensive care unit admission. The count of Covid-19 symptoms has been escalated since the outbreak of the deadly virus. While the virus begun to expand, new and atypical symptoms towers the risk to public domain. Although, fever, fatigue and dry cough are some of the most predominant signs of SARs-COV-02. There may be another addition to the growing list of strange possible symptoms of the new corona virus, which causes infection inside the mouth. After getting trickled with weird symptoms of Covid-19 for months, there was covid toes, anosmia, ageusia and unususal skin rashes which were later declared as the symptoms of Covid-19. Now there is another new symptom called the Covid tongue in the current clinical scenario of Covid-19. The mouth is one of the entry portals of the novel corona virus infection into the human body. The spike protein on the virus binds with the ACE 2 receptors in the nose and mouth. As the presence of ACE receptors are higher on the tongue, the virus concentrates heavily on this region which leads to tongue bumps and tongue swelling. With the increasing number of covid tongue and strange mouth ulcer symptoms, health professionals must make the patients aware about the current clinical manifestations in order to deal with Covid-19 in an effective way.
A Study on the Drug Utilization Pattern of Oral and Inhaled Corticosteroids among the COPD Patients
Authors: Reddipalli Manasa , Mattaparthi Monika , Bhukya Naga Vamsi Naik , Dave Oselebe Somto , Pithani Himasree , Magharla Dasaratha Dhanaraju
Published: December 2023

Aim: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern of the oral & inhaled corticosteroids among the COPD patients. Materials & Methods: This was a prospective study. Patients of both genders who were diagnosed with COPD were included in the study. Patients with other respiratory disorders were excluded from the study. The severity of the dyspnoea was assessed by using MRC (Medical Research Council) dyspnoea scale. Results: Among the 200 study participants, 198 (99%) were males and 2 (1%) were females. About 52 (26%) study participants were observed with Grade 1 severity, 113 (56.5%) study participants with Grade 2 severity, 32 (16%) study participants were observed with Grade 3 severity and 3 (1.5%) study participants were observed with the Grade 4 severity of dyspnoea. Among the oral corticosteroids, Methyl Prednisolone was the most commonly prescribed drug followed by Deflazocort. Among the inhaled corticosteroids, Levosalbutamol + Beclomethasone combination was commonly prescribed followed by the combination Formetrol + Budesonide. Conclusion: In this study, most of the patients with COPD were observed with Grade 2 severity of dyspnoea followed by Grade 1 and Grade 3. Clinical pharmacist should involve along with the pulmonologist in the department of pulmonology in order to identify the trends of prescribing patterns and thereby providing better pharmaceutical care for the COPD patients.
Teplizumab: The Newest Weapon in the Fight against Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ahmed Nisar , Kumari Ayushi , T Thanmayi Sai Lakshmi , V Hema Ratna Sai Lakshmi
Published: December 2023

Teplizumab, a monoclonal antibody used for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes, is the result of significant contributions from various scientists and researchers. This review explores the scientists' contributions and provides an overview of the drug's history and discovery. Teplizumab represents a significant advancement in the treatment of type-1 diabetes and holds promise for other autoimmune diseases. Its physicochemical properties, synthesis methods, therapeutic uses, and potential adverse effects contribute to its overall effectiveness and safety. Ongoing research and development aim to further enhance teplizumab's efficacy and convenience for patients.
The Microbiome-Thyroid Link: A Review of the Role of the Gut Microbiota in Thyroid Function and Disease
Authors: Adapa Venkateswarrao , Kada Vijay Anand , Nunna Jaya Santhoshi Gowri
Published: December 2023

The gut microbiota has emerged as a potential regulator of thyroid homeostasis and disease. Recent studies suggest that the composition and diversity of intestinal bacteria can impact thyroid stimulating hormone levels, thyroid hormone synthesis & metabolism and the risk of thyroid conditions like hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis. However, the mechanisms through which the gut microbiota influences the thyroid remain poorly understood. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the role of the gut-thyroid microbiome axis in thyroid physiology and pathophysiology. Studies investigating the association of gut dysbiosis with altered thyroid function and disorders like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were discussed. Potential mechanisms through which gut bacteria may influence thyroid hormone levels and autoimmunity, such as interference with autoantigen presentation, induction of inflammation, and production of metabolites were evaluated. The impact of dietary and probiotic interventions targeting the gut microbiota for managing thyroid disease is assessed. Future research directions focusing on delineating key bacteria influencing thyroid health, characterizing longitudinal microbiota changes in thyroid conditions, and identifying novel microbiota-based therapies are proposed. A deeper understanding of the gut-thyroid axis may lead to microbiota-targeted strategies for managing thyroid disorders.
Dynamic changes in teaching and learning methods in the fild of study of medicine – evolution, not revolution
Authors: Januszko-Giergielewicz Beata , Wójcik-Kula Agata , Perliński Jacek
Published: December 2023

Wprowadzenie

W ostatnich latach nastąpił dynamiczny rozwój nowych metod kształcenia na kierunkach lekarskich. Poza tradycyjnymi formami przekazu wiedzy, tj. wykłady ex cathedra oraz nauczanie anatomii w prosektorium, równolegle rozwijają się metody online z wykorzystaniem różnorodnych form przekazu informacji w wersji cyfrowej. Konieczność dostosowania metod nauczania do nowych warunków otoczenia wynika m.in. z rozwoju digitalizacji, przyspieszonego w trakcie pandemii COVID-19.

Cel

Celem pracy był przegląd dostępnych cyfrowych narzędzi edukacyjnych, metod kształcenia na odległość, potencjału centrów symulacji medycznej oraz innych nowoczesnych metod przydatnych w edukacji medycznej.

Materiał i metody

Dokonano przeglądu wiodących pozycji dostępnego piśmiennictwa, najczęściej używanych platform edukacyjnych, produktów wirtualnej rzeczywistości, a wszystko to w odniesieniu do aktualnych wymagań jakości kształcenia.

Wyniki i ich omówienie

Dynamiczny rozwój nowych technologii umożliwia obniżanie kosztów nauczania na kierunkach medycznych poprzez stwarzanie alternatywnych metod nauczania. Możliwe staje się zastąpienie ludzkich preparatów anatomicznych poprzez drukowanie ich modeli w technologii druku 3D czy nauka anatomii z wykorzystaniem wirtualnej rzeczywistości (WR). Rozwój symulacji medycznej poprzez symulacje wysokiej wierności czy WR umożliwia nauczanie różnych umiejętności klinicznych, w tym praktycznych (kompetencje miękkie), w bezpiecznych, kontrolowanych, wystandaryzowanych warunkach. W ostatnich latach zmienił się również model bezpośredniej relacji mentora ze studentami – z tradycyjnego (pytania i odpowiedzi) na niestandardowe, tj. problem based learning, którego istotą jest umiejętność prowadzenia dyskusji w grupie, zawiązywania zespołów i samokształcenia.

Wnioski

1. Szeroka oferta nowoczesnych i innowacyjnych metod kształcenia na kierunkach lekarskich może zwiększyć efektywność i uatrakcyjnić proces kształcenia na kierunkach lekarskich. 2. Nadal główną osią kształcenia kolejnych pokoleń lekarzy pozostają zajęcia przy łóżku chorego z aktywnym nauczaniem umiejętności praktycznych przez doświadczonych nauczycieli edukatorów.
Communicative competence in healthcare and linguistic theories: Insights and applications.
Authors: Kowalczyk Oliwia , Rypel Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Physician–patient relationship has evolved from paternalistic model to cooperative one, known as patient-centered, where patients are experts on themselves in the socio-psychological, cultural, and material contexts. This transformed role has led physicians to adapt their highly specialized knowledge to effective communication pattern which is now a focal point in achieving therapeutic relationships in clinical context. Communicative competencies are of particular importance in medical practice and teaching medicine. Educational background derives from theories and foundations of linguistics and psycholinguistics.

Aim

The article presents main linguistic communicative theories that highly influence communicative competencies in medicine. It provides pragmatic guide to what is achieved from the principles of linguistic communicative competence in the current patient-centered model of communication in healthcare.

Material and methods

Most important linguistic theories that have their applicative use in teaching medical communication are presented. It is a part of a larger project aimed at bridging the gap between linguistic principles and clinical practice.

Results and discussion

In medical discourse, several types of message content funtions are distinguished: informative, emotive, directive, motivational, and therapeutic to influence patients’ emotional state. These discourse skills and associated motivational, volitional, and social abilities to use problem-solving successfully and responsibly, impact compliance, adherence, and concordance process.

Conclusions

Efficient communication in medicine consists of several important competencies, but in order to be properly developed, mastering linguistic communicative competence is neccessary. Mastering them jointly with medical expertise is essential for helathcare professionals.
Theoretical Evaluation of Michelia Species’ Bioactive Compounds and Theraupetic Potential: A Literature Review
Authors: Oktaviana Nurul , Isnaini Nadia , Harnelly Essy , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Muhammad Syaifullah , Misrahanum Misrahanum
Published: December 2023

Michelia alba is a multifunctional plant found in Indonesia and is also called magnolia. Michelia alba is a tree known for its essential oil, which has long been used as a fragrance ingredient in perfumes and cosmetics. The potential of M. alba is immense for use in the prevention and treatment of disease as well as the management of human health and wellness. To date, there have been few publications regarding the biological activities of M. alba, focusing on tyrosinase inhibitory, antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, M. alba may have additional undiscovered biological activities associated with its bioactive compounds. The purpose of this literature review research is to find out the bioactive compounds and therapeutic potential of the M. alba plant through literature searches that can be a reference for further research. The literature review method is carried out by searching and collecting data from literature sources obtained from several national and international journals that review bioactive compounds and the therapeutic potential of M. alba plants. Based on the literature review, it was found that M. alba has bioactive compounds namely linalool (72.8 flower oil and 80.1% leaf oil), α-terpineol (6.04% flower oil), phenylethyl alcohol (2.58% flower oil), β-pinene (2.39% flower oil) and geraniol (1, 23%) which have therapeutic activities such as mental health disorders, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemia, antimaagic, antidiarrheal, anti-asthma, and antihyperpigmentation. In traditional medicine it is used to treat fever, syphilis, gonorrhea and malaria, bronchitis, prostatitis, cancer, headache, sinusitis, cough, inflammation of the respiratory tract, chest fullness, flatulence, nausea, body and underarm odor, and vaginal discharge.
Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties from Endophytic Fungi of Chrysanthemum indicum (L.) Flowers against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ratte Titah Amelia , Fatimawali Fatimawali , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Suoth Elly Juliana , Antasionasti Irma , Yamlean Paulina
Published: December 2023

Uncovering the therapeutic potential of secondary metabolites produced by plants, animals, and microbes constitutes the foundation for the development of novel medications. The objective of this investigation is to discern the classes of secondary metabolites and assess the antibacterial properties of endophytic fungal extracts obtained from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flowers. Through the isolation process, five isolates designated as JEC1, JEC2, JEC3, JEC4, and JEC5 were identified. The cultivation of endophytic fungal isolates spanned a three-week period before undergoing extraction with ethyl acetate. The phytochemical tests revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins in the ethyl acetate extract. Antibacterial activity was determined using the agar well diffusion method, with ciprofloxacin serving as a positive control. Notably, all ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic fungi exhibited antibacterial activity. The most substantial inhibitory diameter against Staphylococcus aureus was recorded as 19.1±0.8 mm for the JEC3 endophytic fungi, while Escherichia coli exhibited an inhibitory diameter of 16±1.1 mm for the JEC2 endophytic fungi.
Finansal Sistemde Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Kullanımı
Authors: GÜLBAŞI Ali , KARAHAN Ferit
Published: December 2023

Finans, genel olarak kaynakların etkili ve verimli bir şekilde kullanılması, yatırım stratejileri ve ekonomik karar alma süreçleri ile ilgilenir. Fintek finans kavramının teknoloji ile bütünleştirilmesinden ortaya çıkan bir kavramdır. Finans sektöründeki geleneksel yöntemlere alternatif olarak ortaya çıkan yenilikçi teknolojileri ifade etmek için kullanılır. Bu çalışma kapsamında günümüzde en yaygın kullanılan fintek teknolojilerine odaklanılmıştır. Finans sektöründeki bu dönüşüm daha yakından incelenerek bu alandaki gelişmeler hakkında kapsamlı bir bilgi sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.