bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 infection cases based on the meta-SEIRS model
Authors: Zhu Wenhui , Tang Xuefeng , Chen Ying , Chen Miaoshuang , Han Xinyue , Xie Yuhuan , Lv Qiang , Wei Rongjie , Zhou Dingzi , Yang Changhong , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2024

Predicting epidemic trends of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a key public health concern globally today. However, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection rate in previous studies of the transmission dynamics model was mostly a fixed value. Therefore, we proposed a meta-Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) model by adding a time-varying SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate to the transmission dynamics model to more accurately characterize the changes in the number of infected persons. The time-varying reinfection rate was estimated using random-effect multivariate meta-regression based on published literature reports of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rates. The meta-SEIRS model was constructed to predict the epidemic trend of COVID-19 from February to December 2023 in Sichuan province. Finally, according to the online questionnaire survey, the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate at the end of December 2022 in Sichuan province was 82.45%. The time-varying effective reproduction number in Sichuan province had two peaks from July to December 2022, with a maximum peak value of about 15. The prediction results based on the meta-SEIRS model showed that the highest peak of the second wave of COVID-19 in Sichuan province would be in late May 2023. The number of new infections per day at the peak would be up to 2.6 million. We constructed a meta-SEIRS model to predict the epidemic trend of COVID-19 in Sichuan province, which was consistent with the trend of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in China. Therefore, a meta-SEIRS model parameterized based on evidence-based data can be more relevant to the actual situation and thus more accurately predict future trends in the number of infections.
Outbreak of the novel Cryptosporidium parvum IIγA11 linked to salad bars in Sweden, December 2023
Authors: Bujila Ioana , Ohlson Anna , Hansen Anette , Agudelo Lady , Kühlmann-Berenzon Sharon , Galanis Ilias , Hall Ingela , Gustavsson Ann-Mari , Lebbad Marianne , Lindblad Mats , Rönnberg Caroline , Rehn Moa
Published: November 2024

We report a foodborne outbreak of the previously undetected Cryptosporidium parvum gp60 subtype IIγA11. In December 2023, notifications of cryptosporidiosis cases increased in Sweden, prompting the initiation of a national outbreak investigation, and a case–control study was performed to identify the source. We identified 60 cases between 15 December 2023 and 1 January 2024. The median age was 44 years (range: 16–81), and 73% were women. Controls were recruited from a national random pool; frequency was matched by age group and sex. Compared to controls, cases were more likely to have consumed items from salad bars in grocery stores (8% vs. 85%; adjusted odds ratios [aOR]: 58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22–186). In regards to food items from the salad bars, cases were more likely to have consumed kale mix salad compared to controls (62% vs. 32%; aOR: 3.6; 95%CI: 1.2–12). Trace-back investigations identified kale producers from Sweden, Belgium, and Spain, but no particular grower was identified, and no food samples were available for microbiological analysis. Our investigation indicates that leafy greens such as kale may contain Cryptosporidium spp. and cause outbreaks and it is important to understand how the contamination occurs to prevent future outbreaks and apply adequate preventive measures.
Building community through environmental regeneration: Operation Groundwork
Authors: Botcherby Pierre
Published: November 2024

In the 1970s, the Major Urban Fringe Experiment, later known as Operation Groundwork, emerged in response to industrial decline, growing awareness of industry’s environmental impact and grass-roots environmentalism and regeneration activism. Contrary to ideas of concomitant industrial and community decline, Groundwork demonstrates post-industrial regeneration’s community-building potential. Groundwork created bespoke volunteer groups, helped set up others and worked with already existing organizations. Unlike contemporary regeneration initiatives in the 1970s and 1980s, these community links were retained even as Groundwork expanded. This article traces Groundwork’s origins and its launch under Labour in the 1970s, its championing by Conservative Minister Michael Heseltine and its successful expansion from its initial test site in St Helens (Merseyside), to the North-West and then nationwide.
Simplified sphericity index of PTV can be a predictor for the gradient index in SRS/SRT treatment of brain metastases
Authors: Barik Bijay Kumar , Baral Anindya Kumar , Parida Santosh Kumar , Sahoo Dillip Kumar , Barik Sandip Kumar , Das Deepak Kumar , Das Majumdar Saroj Kumar , Parida Dillip Kumar
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

To study the simplified sphericity index (SSI) of planning target volume (PTV) and correlate it with the gradient index (GI) for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)/stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) treatment of brain metastasis.

Materials & Methods:

A collection of fifteen brain metastasis cases previously treated with SRS/SRT by volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique was included in the analysis. All the previous plan data from Monaco 6.2.1.0 TPS were used for re-planning and computation of SSI and GI. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed by using OriginPro 8.5 software, and the outcomes were tabulated.

Results:

The statistical analysis and linear fitting of data show a negative linear correlation between SSI and GI, taking SSI as the independent variable and GI as the dependent variable. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) was found to be -0.91563 with a p-value of 0.0000124 showing strong statistical significance.

Conclusion:

It is observed that the GI of the PTV improves as the SSI increases, that is, when the target volume approaches a perfect sphere. Calculating the SSI of the target before planning may help in predicting the GI which may guide making crucial decisions regarding PTV dose prescription and acceptance criteria for organs-at-risk dose tolerance.
Full 2D optimized window coefficients for improved range velocity estimation in 5G joint communication and sensing
Authors: Hofstadler Michael , Feger Reinhard , Stelzer Andreas , Lindorfer Günther , Meingassner Andreas , Springer Andreas
Published: November 2024

This work presents an approach for optimization of window coefficients for 5G user equipment side sensing, using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing radar-based range and velocity estimation, based on the sounding reference signal (SRS) from the 5G New Radio (NR) standard. The signal configuration and the corresponding waveform are generated in compliance with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard for 5G. The limitations of conventional signal processing for resources available for sensing with the SRS are highlighted. The proposed approach, which optimizes the window coefficients to improve the sensing capabilities, is implemented through two methods. The first method employs a decoupled optimization strategy for range and velocity, showing high computational efficiency. Our results demonstrate that this method significantly improves the peak sidelobe level (PSL) of the velocity profile by over

$\mathrm{15}\,\mathrm{dB}$

, although it does not address the issue of diagonally located sidelobes, which occur due to non-uniform resource distribution. The second method adopts a comprehensive full 2D optimization technique. While it requires more computational resources and does not improve the PSL beyond the first method’s achievements, it mitigates the diagonally located sidelobes issue. The level of these have been improved by more than

$\mathrm{3}\,\mathrm{dB}$

.
A longitudinal network of psychotic-like experiences, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and adverse life events: a cohort study of 3,358 college students
Authors: Sun Meng , Sun Heng , Ma Zijuan , Zhong Shaoling , Yang Xinhu , Li Yue , Zhou Hongling , Zhou Liang
Published: November 2024

Aims

Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), especially for persistent PLEs, are highly predictive of subsequent mental health problems. Hence, it is crucial to explore the psychopathological associations underlying the occurrence and persistence of PLEs. This study aimed to explore the above issues through a longitudinal dynamic network approach among PLEs and psychological and psychosocial factors.

Methods

A total of 3,358 college students completed two waves of online survey (from Oct 2021 to Oct 2022). Socio-demographic information was collected at baseline, and PLEs, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and adverse life events were assessed in both waves. Cross-lagged panel network analyses were used to establish networks among individuals with baseline PLEs as well as those without.

Results

At baseline, 455(13.5%) students were screened positive for PLEs. Distinct dynamic network structures were revealed among participants with baseline PLEs and those without. While ‘psychomotor disturbance’ had the strongest connection with PLEs in participants with baseline PLEs, ‘suicide/self-harm’ was most associated with PLEs in those without. Among all three subtypes of PLEs, bizarre experiences and persecutory ideation were the most affected nodes by other constructs in participants with baseline PLEs and those without, respectively. Additionally, wide interconnections within the PLEs construct existed only among participants without baseline PLEs.

Conclusions

The study provides time-variant associations between PLEs and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and adverse life events using network structures. These findings help to reveal the crucial markers of the occurrence and persistence of PLEs, and shed high light on future intervention aimed to prevent and relieve PLEs.
Response of Global Runoff Components to Rising CO2
Authors: Wang Hao , Liu Xiaomang , Wang Kaiwen , Liu Changming
Published: November 2024

Rising atmospheric CO2 is anticipated to influence global runoff through its radiative effect and physiological effect, thereby resulting in profound impacts on water availability and security. While existing literature has explored the two effects on global total runoff, there is still a lack of attention to changes in runoff components (surface and subsurface runoff). Here, based on idealized 1% yr−1 CO2 increase experiments and 14 Earth system models, we decouple the two effects on changes in runoff components and disentangle the contributions of three influencing factors, namely water supply, atmospheric water demand, and vegetation regulation, which are closely intertwined with the two effects. Global total runoff is expected to increase with rising CO2, and this increase mainly comes from subsurface runoff, leading to an elevated subsurface runoff ratio. Vegetation regulation emerges as the most important factor for the increase in subsurface runoff ratio, with the contribution of 49.3%, followed by water supply (41.7%) and atmospheric water demand (8.9%). Increased total runoff implies potentially more flood risk, while the increase in subsurface runoff ratio could decrease some of the risk. The results indicate the necessity of emphasizing changes in subsurface runoff under climate change.
Fault Interaction and Strain Partitioning Deduced From Deformed Fluvial Terraces of the Eastern North Qilian Foreland, NE Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Hu Xiu , Wang Yiran , Wang Weitao , Oskin Michael E. , Li Zhigang , Lei Jinghao , Li Youli , Zhang Peizhen , Zheng Wenjun , Lin Kairong , Xiao Shanfeng , Lu Honghua , Zhao Junxiang , Zhang Yipeng , Jin Ruizhi , Zhong Yuezhi
Published: November 2024

Faulting and folding of basement rocks together accommodate convergence within continental orogens, forming complex zones of intraplate deformation shaped by the fault interaction. Here we use the river terraces along the Dongda river to examine the tectonic deformation patterns of the hinterland and the foreland of the eastern North Qilian Shan, a zone of crustal shortening located at the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Five Late Pleistocene–Holocene terraces of Dongda river are displaced by three major reverse faults: Minle‐Damaying fault, Huangcheng‐Ta'erzhuang fault, and Fengle fault, from south to north. Based on displaced terrace treads, we estimated vertical slip rates along the Minle‐Damaying fault as 0.7–0.8 mm/a, and along the Fengle fault as 0.5–0.7 mm/a. Deformed terraces suggest an additional uplift of ∼0.2 mm/a through the folding of the Dahuang Shan anticline. Inhomogeneous uplift of the intermontane basins between the Minle‐Damaying fault and the Dahuang Shan anticline indicates a 0.9 ± 0.2 mm/a uplift rate along the Huangcheng‐Ta'erzhuang fault. Kinematic modeling of this thrust system shows that deformation propagated northward toward the foreland along a south‐dipping 10° décollement rooted into the Haiyuan fault at the depth of ∼20 km. This system accommodates 2.7–3.4 mm/a total crustal shortening rate. We suggest this broad thrust belt and the relatively high rate of shortening within this part of the eastern Qilian Shan is a result of the oblique convergence along a restraining bend of Haiyuan fault system. The elevated shortening rate within this area indicates high potential seismic hazard.
Trends in Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index and association with prediabetes in U.S. adolescents
Authors: Chen Zisu , Wu Jing , Ai Kepeng , Bu Zhuying , Niu Wenquan , Li Min
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes. We aimed to illustrate secular trends in the Children’s Dietary Inflammation Index (C-DII) among U.S. adolescents and assess its association with prediabetes.

Methods

Adolescents aged 12–18 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2018. Prediabetes was defined based on Hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance levels. Risk was quantified by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

A total of 13,684 adolescents were analyzed, representing a weighted total population of 33,351,181. C-DII scores declined significantly from 2001 to 2012 and increased from 2013 to 2018. The relationship between C-DII and prediabetes was roughly linear. When assigning the low C-DII scores as the reference, adolescents with medium and high C-DII scores were 1.22 (adjusted 95% CI: 1.04–1.44) and 1.25 (0.99–1.60) times more likely to have prediabetes. In subgroup analyses, the risk for prediabetes was significantly enhanced in boys (adjusted OR = 1.26 and 1.45 for medium and high C-DII scores, 95% CI: 1.05–1.51 and 1.09–1.92), and in adolescents living in poor families for medium (1.34 and 1.44, 1.08–1.67 and 1.07–1.95).

Conclusions

Our findings indicate a V-shaped secular trend in C-DII scores from 2001 to 2018 in U.S. adolescents, with the nadir in 2011–2012, and the risk for prediabetes was significantly increased by over 20% in adolescents possessing medium or high C-DII scores.
The role of ATP-binding Cassette subfamily B member 6 in the inner ear
Authors: Baril Stefanie A. , Wilson Katie A. , Shaik Md Munan , Fukuda Yu , Umans Robyn A. , Barbieri Alessandro , Lynch John , Gose Tomoka , Myasnikov Alexander , Oldham Michael L. , Wang Yao , Zhu Jingwen , Fang Jie , Zuo Jian , Kalathur Ravi C. , Ford Robert C. , Coffin Allison , Taylor Michael R. , O’Mara Megan L. , Schuetz John D.
Published: November 2024

ABCB6 has been implicated in dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, a condition characterized by hyperpigmented and hypopigmented skin macules. Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria can also present with hearing loss. Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria-associated mutations in ABCB6 have been reported, but the role of this protein in the inner ear has not been studied. Here we determine a high-resolution (2.93 Å) cryo-EM structure of ABCB6 and functionally characterized several dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria mutants. We find that the L356P mutant abolishes ABCB6 function, and affirm the underlying loss of ATP binding mechanism using molecular dynamics simulations based on our cryo-EM structure. To test the role of ABCB6 in the inner ear, we characterize Abcb6 (the ABCB6 homolog) in zebrafish. We show that Abcb6 suppression by morpholinos reduces inner ear and lateral line hair cell numbers. Morphants also lack the utricular otolith, which is associated with vestibular function. Co-injecting morpholinos with human ABCB6 mRNA partially rescues the morphant phenotype, suggesting that Abcb6 plays a developmental role in inner ear structures. Further, we show that Abcb6 knockout mice exhibit an increased auditory brainstem response threshold, resulting in reduced hearing sensitivity. Taken together, these data suggest ABCB6 plays a role in inner ear development and function.
Convergent neural signatures of speech prediction error are a biological marker for spoken word recognition
Authors: Sohoglu Ediz , Beckers Loes , Davis Matthew H.
Published: November 2024

We use MEG and fMRI to determine how predictions are combined with speech input in superior temporal cortex. We compare neural responses to words in which first syllables strongly or weakly predict second syllables (e.g., “bingo”, “snigger” versus “tango”, “meagre”). We further compare neural responses to the same second syllables when predictions mismatch with input during pseudoword perception (e.g., “snigo” and “meago”). Neural representations of second syllables are suppressed by strong predictions when predictions match sensory input but show the opposite effect when predictions mismatch. Computational simulations show that this interaction is consistent with prediction error but not alternative (sharpened signal) computations. Neural signatures of prediction error are observed 200 ms after second syllable onset and in early auditory regions (bilateral Heschl’s gyrus and STG). These findings demonstrate prediction error computations during the identification of familiar spoken words and perception of unfamiliar pseudowords.
Iridium complexes supported on cross-linked polyacrylic acid as release-and-catch catalysts for continuous formic acid dehydrogenation
Authors: Sawahara Keito , Tanaka Shinji , Gemma Ryota , Kanega Ryoichi , Kawanami Hajime
Published: November 2024

We developed an iridium complex on cross-linked polyacrylic acid as a release-and-catch catalyst. It shows FA dehydrogenation activity comparable to homogeneous catalysts, and was recycled 10 times completely, advancing FA-based H2 carriers.
Synthesis of high molar mass all-(meth)acrylic thermoplastic elastomers by photo-iniferter RAFT polymerisation
Authors: Kurowska Izabela , Odnoroh Maksym , Ivanchenko Oleksandr , Guerre Marc , Destarac Mathias
Published: November 2024

PMMA-PnBA-PMMA triblock copolymers with high molar masses (Mn ∼800 kg mol−1), low dispersities (Đ < 1.25) and thermoplastic elastomer properties were synthesised via photo-iniferter RAFT polymerisation.
Reactivity of metal hydrides with CO2: going beyond formate with a high-valent cationic pentahydride Mo(vi) complex
Authors: Queyriaux Nicolas , Cabrera-Trujillo Jorge J. , Durvin Nina , Vendier Laure , Miqueu Karinne , Simonneau Antoine
Published: November 2024

The cationic molybdenum pentahydride complex [MoH5(depe)2]+ (depe = 1,2-bis(diethylphosphino)ethane) is shown to undergo two consecutive reactions with carbon dioxide.
SynAsk: unleashing the power of large language models in organic synthesis
Authors: Zhang Chonghuan , Lin Qianghua , Zhu Biwei , Yang Haopeng , Lian Xiao , Deng Hao , Zheng Jiajun , Liao Kuangbiao
Published: November 2024

SynAsk is a chemistry-specific LLM platform, fine-tuned with domain data and integrated with in-house tools. It supports tasks like reaction prediction, retrosynthesis, and literature retrieval, advancing organic synthesis research.
Dithienonaphthobisthiadiazole synthesized by thienannulation of electron-deficient rings: an acceptor building unit for high-performance π-conjugated polymers
Authors: Mikie Tsubasa , Morioku Tomokazu , Suruga Shota , Hada Momoka , Sato Yuki , Ohkita Hideo , Osaka Itaru
Published: November 2024

Dithienonaphthobisthiadiazole is developed as a new thiophene-fused acceptor building unit for π-conjugated polymers. The polymers demonstrate high transistor mobilities of >1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and photovoltaic performance with efficiencies of >17%.
Beginner’s guide to investigating protein: DNA interactions using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs)
Authors: Suresh Shravanti Krishna
Published: November 2024

This article describes how DNA molecules typically migrate through a gel/matrix. It describes the materials required to perform electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), the methods used to set up a reaction and components that require optimization. It also shines light on the applications of EMSA, including appropriate controls that can make it more interpretive and alternatives to EMSA if the user requires more specialization.
Unlocking the Potential of Pediatric Virtual Care: An e-Delphi Study on a Virtual Caregiver Participation Framework in Audiology
Authors: DiFabio Danielle , Moodie Sheila , O'Hagan Robin , Servais Michelle , Tremblay Paul , Glista Danielle
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Virtual service delivery models in audiology have become more accessible due to recent technological advancement and improved system-level uptake following COVID-19. Although current evidence identifies the benefits of virtual care to families with children who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing and supports its use in practice, this delivery model is still underutilized. This research aimed to gain consensus on an evidence-informed virtual caregiver participation framework developed from a scoping review of the communication sciences and disorders literature.

Method:

A two-round modified e-Delphi study was conducted to survey 26 knowledge users from four different countries with experience in virtual audiology care, including caregivers, audiologists, researchers, and organizational leaders. The study employed Delphi techniques, building from a scoping review to synthesize existing literature informing the knowledge gap, including online surveys and team discussions. Consensus was defined numerically (75% agreement) and by comparing and interpreting text-based responses.

Results:

The resulting framework grouped nine categories of caregiver participation in virtual care according to three main readiness domains: core readiness (opportunities to participate, perceived value, and willingness to participate), engagement readiness (child capacity, family–provider relationship, and role in the care process), and structural readiness (environment for participation, support, and technology).

Conclusion:

This work adds novel contributions to the field, through the development of a framework for caregiver participation in virtual audiology care, that can be used to support family involvement and will guide clinical tool development and future research efforts.
Arthrogryposes multiples congénitales à l’âge pédiatrique
Authors: Milot Alicia , Raikova Mariya , Huzar Claire , Thellier Véronique , Hergibo Nicolas , Gauthier Marjolaine , Billy-Lopez Gipsy , Durand Chantal , Nugues Frédérique , Bourg Véronique , Dieterich Klaus
Published: November 2024

Les arthrogryposes multiples congénitales (AMC) regroupent l’ensemble des pathologies avec des limitations articulaires à au moins deux niveaux articulaires distincts, à la naissance. Les limitations articulaires ne sont pas évolutives, mais les conséquences fonctionnelles ont un impact tout au long de la vie des patients. Dans cet article, nous montrerons les résultats de notre étude qui vise à évaluer la corrélation entre l’infiltration graisseuse musculaire en IRM et les déficiences et limitations d’activité chez des enfants présentant une AMC. Notre étude est une des premières à établir le lien entre l’imagerie musculaire et les aspects fonctionnels de l’AMC, en population pédiatrique.
Modèle Force-Vitesse-Endurance (FoVE)
Authors: Bowen Maximilien , Hourdé Christophe , Durieux Anne-Cécile , Freyssenet Damien , Samozino Pierre , Morel Baptiste
Published: November 2024

Le modèle Force-Vitesse-Endurance (FoVE) est un nouveau cadre théorique couplé à une modélisation innovante pour évaluer les muscles striés squelettiques. Il se base sur les relations fondamentales « force-vitesse » et « force-temps » qui décrivent les capacités de production de force du muscle en fonction respectivement de la vitesse de contraction et de la durée d’exercice. En les combinant, le modèle FoVE offre une vue complète des capacités fonctionnelles du muscle à différentes vitesses, avec et sans fatigue.

Un protocole expérimental unique et rapide a été développé sur un système de mesure de force isocinétique afin d’obtenir les paramètres FoVE du modèle. Il permet de mesurer la force musculaire à différentes vitesses de contraction pendant une durée totale de 3 minutes. Appliqués au modèle murin, les résultats obtenus montrent ainsi des différences significatives de la fonction du muscle tibialis anterior. Les femelles présentent une force maximale normalisée plus élevée. À l’inverse, les mâles présentent une capacité de vitesse maximale initiale en condition de fatigue plus importante.

Cette approche fournit une cartographie complète de la fonction musculaire, dépassant les évaluations traditionnelles de la force isométrique. Elle peut ainsi être appliquée à la recherche fondamentale dans les modèles précliniques et à la recherche translationnelle chez l’Homme.
Rôle du facteur de transcription PAX3 au cours de la myogenèse
Authors: Zoglio Virginia , de Lima Joana Esteves , Relaix Frédéric
Published: November 2024

Le facteur de transcription PAX3 est un acteur clé de la myogenèse embryonnaire, contrôlant la spécification, la migration, la prolifération et la différenciation des cellules musculaires pour assurer le développement des muscles striés squelettiques chez l’embryon. Les cellules souches du muscle adulte, nommées cellules satellites (CS), présentent une hétérogénéité en termes d’expression du gène Pax3 entre les différents muscles, et affichent une réponse bimodale à l’exposition au stress environnemental. Cependant, son rôle potentiel dans un contexte de régénération musculaire reste peu étudié. Pour explorer le rôle de PAX3 dans les cellules satellites lors de la régénération musculaire, nous avons réalisé des études de régénération, révélant ainsi une hétérogénéité fonctionnelle de ces cellules en fonction de l’expression de Pax3. Ensuite, pour identifier les réseaux régulateurs géniques en aval de PAX3, l’étude cherche à comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires responsables de cette hétérogénéité et à identifier les gènes cibles de PAX3 et leur rôle dans le développement musculaire et la régénération, afin de les utiliser comme nouvelles cibles pour de futures thérapies préventives.
Stability analysis of the vectorial Lattice-Boltzmann method
Authors: Guillon Kévin , Hélie Romane , Helluy Philippe
Published: November 2024

We perform a stability analysis of the Vectorial Lattice-Boltzmann Method (VLBM). The VLBM has been introduced in [1–3, 9, 18]. It is a variant of the LBM with extended stability features: it allows handling compressible flows with shock waves, while the LBM is limited to low-Mach number regime. The stability analysis is based on the Legendre transform theory. We also propose a new tool: the equivalent system analysis, which we conjecture to contains both the stability and the consistency of the VLBM.
High order numerical methods for Vlasov-Poisson models of plasma sheaths
Authors: Ayot Valentin , Badsi Mehdi , Barsamian Yann , Crestetto Anaïs , Crouseilles Nicolas , Mehrenberger Michel , Prost Averil , Tayou-Fotso Christian
Published: November 2024

This article is a report of the CEMRACS 2022 project, called HIVLASHEA, standing for ”High order methods for Vlasov-Poisson models for sheaths”. A two-species Vlasov-Poisson model is described together with some numerical simulations, permitting to exhibit the formation of a plasma sheath. The numerical simulations are performed with two different methods: a first order classical finite difference (FD) scheme and a high order semi-Lagrangian (SL) scheme with Strang splitting; for the latter one, the implementation of (non-periodic) boundary conditions is discussed and different solvers for the electric field are compared. The codes are first evaluated on a one-species case, where an analytical solution is known. For the two-species case, cross-comparisons are performed and the numerical convergence of the SL method is investigated. The use of high order method is emphasized in this context. The (parallel) SL code turns out to be a robust tool to provide reliable numerical approximations of sheath stationary solution with realistic physical parameters.
Numerical schemes for mixture theory models with filling constraint: application to biofilm ecosystems
Authors: Bernard Olivier , Bestard Mickael , Goudon Thierry , Meyer Leo , Minjeaud Sebastian , Noisette Florent , Polizzi Bastien
Published: November 2024

The mixture theory framework is a powerful way to describe multi-phasic systems at an intermediary scale between microscopic and macroscopic scales. In particular, mixture theory reveals a powerful approach to represent microbial biofilms where a consortium of cells is embedded in a polymeric structure. To simulate a model of microalgal biofilm, we propose an upgraded numerical scheme, consolidating the one proposed by Berthelin et al. (2016) to enforce the volume-filling constraint in mixture models including mass exchanges. The strategy consists in deducing the discrete version of the incompressibility constraint from the discretized mass balance equations. Numerical simulations show that this method constrains the total volume filling constraint, even at the discrete level. Moreover, we add viscous terms in the biofilm model to properly represent biofilms interactions with its fluidic environment. It turns out that a well-balanced numerical scheme becomes of outmost importance to capture the biofilm dynamic when including the viscosity. This modelling upgrade also involves recalibrating model parameters. In particular, the elastic tensors to recover realistic front features. With the new parameters, the numerical set-up becomes more demanding to reach convergence.
Raucherbezogenes Selbststigma als Prädiktor für die Teilnahme an
einem Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm während einer stationären Qualifizierten
Entzugsbehandlung und dessen Erfolg
Authors: Frischknecht Ulrich , Pätz Toni , Riegler Alisa , Reinhard Iris , Kiefer Falk , Hermann Derik , Weber Tillmann
Published: November 2024

Hintergrund Raucher-bezogenes Selbststigma (RSS) ist einerseits mit
häufigeren Rauchstopp-Versuchen in der Vergangenheit assoziiert, wird aber
andererseits auch als Barriere für die Inanspruchnahme von Behandlung
diskutiert. Bisher fehlt es an Längsschnittuntersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von
RSS und Teilnahme an einem Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm sowie dessen
Behandlungserfolg.

Methoden In einer Reanalyse wurden n=95 rauchende Patienten zu Beginn
eines Qualifizierten Entzugsprogramms mit der Subskala für RSS des „Inventars
für Internalisiertes Stigma des Rauchens“, einem Interview und weiteren
Fragebögen untersucht. Die Patienten erhielten anschließend die Möglichkeit
parallel zur Qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung an einem individualisierten,
evidenzbasierten Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm teilzunehmen. Drei Monate nach
Entlassung wurde der Rauchstatus der Patienten via Telefon erfasst.

Ergebnisse Höhere RSS-Werte waren positiv mit dem Behandlungsziel der
Tabakabstinenz bei Studienbeginn, mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit der
anschließenden Teilnahme am Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm und mit Tabakabstinenz beim
Follow-Up assoziiert. Die Zusammenhänge blieben stabil auch bei Kontrolle zuvor
etablierter Prädiktoren.

Diskussion Diese Studie bestätigt bisherige Querschnittsbefunde wonach
stärkeres Selbststigma bezüglich des Rauchens mit einer höheren
Rauchstoppmotivation zusammenhängt. Sie erweitert diese Befunde mittels
prospektivem, longitudinalen Design und Einbezug des Behandlungserfolgs. und
erweitert diese in einer longitudinalen Untersuchung sowie auf den
Behandlungserfolg. Es wird diskutiert, inwiefern RSS eine Verhaltensänderung
unterstützt, wenn erst einmal die Angst vor Stigmatisierung als eine Barriere
für die Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe überwunden wurde und gleichzeitig ein
hinreichendes Hilfsangebot vorliegt.
Multi-level stiffness property and isolating-based design of high damping rubber bearings
Authors: Zhang Shiming , Lu Xilin
Published: November 2024

This study presents the development and analysis of high damping rubber bearings (HDRBs) with enhanced stiffness properties to improve seismic isolation performance. The proposed HDRBs exhibit displacement-dependent nonlinear stiffness and significant damping effects, especially under large deformations caused by various seismic events. A deformation history integral model, calibrated with experimental data, is employed to accurately simulate the mechanical behavior and stiffness-damping characteristics of the HDRBs. The numerical simulations are validated through experimental tests, providing a solid basis for parameter design and performance assessment. The results show that the equivalent stiffness coefficient of the HDRBs increases with deformation amplitude, effectively limiting extreme deformations. Parametric analyses and case studies across a wide range of earthquake scenarios demonstrate that the enhanced stiffness and high damping effects of HDRBs significantly improve seismic isolation efficiency while controlling isolation layer displacement. The performance-based design methodology developed in this research effectively limits bearing deformation, thereby preventing potential superstructure failures. Moreover, the adaptive characteristics of the HDRBs allow for the adjustment of deformation levels according to seismic intensity, ensuring the structural safety of buildings under varying earthquake conditions.
Signatures of selection with cultural interference
Authors: Fogarty Laurel , Otto Sarah P.
Published: November 2024

Human evolution is intricately linked with culture, which permeates almost all facets of human life from health and reproduction, to the environments in which we live. Nevertheless, our understanding of the ways in which stably transmitted, evolutionarily relevant human cultural traits might interact with the human genome is incomplete, and methods to detect such interactions are limited. Here, we describe some rules of cultural transmission which could pertain to both humans and cultural nonhuman animals that could lead to the formation and maintenance of stable associations between cultural and genetic traits. Next, we show that, in the presence of such associations, a process analogous to genetic hitchhiking is possible in gene–culture systems. These could leave signatures in the human genome similar to, and perhaps indistinguishable from, those left by selection on genetic traits. Finally, we model selective interference between cultural and genetic traits. We show that selective interference between a cultural trait under selection and a genetic trait under selection can reduce the efficacy of natural selection in the human genome, both in terms of the probability of fixation of beneficial alleles and the dynamics of selective sweeps. We then show that the efficiency of selection at genetic loci can, however, be increased in the presence of strong cultural transmission biases. This implies that the signatures of gene–culture interactions in genetic data may be complex and wide-ranging in gene–culture coevolutionary systems.
Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016–2023 and future projections through 2030
Authors: Klein Eili Y. , Impalli Isabella , Poleon Suprena , Denoel Philippe , Cipriano Mariateresa , Van Boeckel Thomas P. , Pecetta Simone , Bloom David E. , Nandi Arindam
Published: November 2024

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Many factors contribute to this issue, with human antibiotic consumption being significant among them. Analyzing trends and patterns in consumption can aid in developing policies to mitigate the burden of antimicrobial resistance and global disparities in access to antibiotics. Using pharmaceutical sales data licensed from IQVIA, we estimate national-level trends in antibiotic consumption in 67 countries during 2016–2023 and analyze the effects of economic growth and the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we estimate global human consumption and project growth through 2030 assuming current trends. We find that estimated antibiotic consumption in reported countries increased 16.3% from 29.5 to 34.3 billion defined daily doses (DDDs) from 2016 to 2023, reflecting a 10.6% increase in the consumption rate from 13.7 to 15.2 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Increases were most pronounced in upper-middle- and lower-middle-income countries. While the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced consumption globally, this was most pronounced in high-income countries, and in these countries, reductions in antibiotic use in 2020 were sharper, and lasted longer, than in other countries. By 2030, we project that, without reductions in rapidly developing nations, such as investments to improve infrastructure, particularly water and sanitation, along with improved access to vaccination, global antibiotic consumption will increase by 52.3% from an estimated 49.3 billion in 2023 to 75.1 billion DDDs.
North Atlantic and the Barents Sea variability contribute to the 2023 extreme fire season in Canada
Authors: Liu Guanyu , Li Jing , Li Xichen , Ying Tong
Published: November 2024

In the late spring to summer season of 2023, Canada witnessed unprecedented wildfires, with an extensive burning area and smoke spreading as far as the East Coast of the United States and Europe. Here, using multisource data analysis and climate model simulations, we show that an abnormally warm North Atlantic, as well as an abnormally low Barents Sea ice concentration (SIC), are likely key climate drivers of this Canadian fire season, contributing to ~80% of the fire weather anomaly over Canada from June to August 2023. Specifically, the warm North Atlantic forms an anomalous regional zonal cell with ascending air over the Atlantic and descending air encircling Canada, creating hot and dry local conditions. Meanwhile, reduced Barents SIC leads to a high-pressure center and reinforces the dry northern winds in Canada through Rossby wave dynamics. These exacerbated dry and hot conditions create a favorable environment for the ignition and spread of fires, thus contributing to the prolonged and extreme fire season in Canada. These teleconnections can extend to decadal scales and have important implications for understanding and predicting decadal fire activity in Canada and the surrounding regions.
Word stress patterns in Dharamshala Tibetan
Authors: Sarkar Sharmistha , Kar Somdev
Published: November 2024

Word stress is a structural property of increasing prominence. An established line of scholarship regarding word
stress exists both in terms of theory and description in the Lhasa Tibetan (LT) language. Unlike LT, no such scholarly works are
available that focus on Dharamshala Tibetan (DT), a dialectal variety spoken by Tibetan refugees living in the Dharamshala area in
Himachal Pradesh, India. The current work aims to provide a systematic and concise theorisation of DT word stress based on the
data collected from field in terms of parameters like culminativity, location of the head, direction, and quantity sensitivity.
Optimality Theory is used to offer a theoretical judgment behind the analysis. A majority of DT words contain a trochaic,
weight-insensitive, left-to-right stress pattern. The degenerate foot is accepted. Very few instances of words with an iambic
stress pattern were found during the fieldwork. Similarly, few words containing heavy syllables are available in the word stress
pattern inventory of DT.
Management of Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce
Authors: Lodovica Gullino Maria , Gilardi Giovanna , Pugliese Massimo
Published: November 2024

In recent years, Fusarium wilt, caused by
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
lactucae,
has become the most important lettuce disease throughout the world. Since the pathogen is seed-transmitted, the disease spreads through infected seeds, favoured by the global commerce. We describe the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, as well as the differentiation of four physiological races, with their distribution in different geographical areas. The reaction of the lettuce types and varieties to the pathogen are also described, as well as the diagnostic tools available for an appropriate detection of the pathogen, including the races. Like other soil-borne diseases, Fusarium wilt of lettuce is difficult to manage with a single product and/or with a single approach. At present, minimizing crop losses due to Fusarium wilt on lettuce entails the deployment of all available existing disease control tools within an integrated management programme. The first preventative strategy is the use of healthy seeds. Stock seeds should be produced in the areas associated with the lowest disease risk and subjected to standardized health analysis. Furthermore, seeds should be treated with chemical/physical or biological treatments. Among chemical tools, soil disinfestation is becoming very difficult due to the loss of registered fumigants. A careful monitoring of the race situation in the field would be useful for efficient use of genetic means of control. The seed industry is investing in the search of new varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt. Looking forward, the development of commercially acceptable cultivars of desired types of lettuce with high levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt as well as refinement of existing or development of new cultural, chemical and biofungicide tools should lead to more efficient and effective disease management.

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Polarización política y comportamiento de la Suprema Corte de Justicia en Uruguay
Authors: Antía Florencia , Luján Diego , Vairo Daniela
Published: November 2024

The literature suggests that in highly polarized political contexts, supreme courts often experience politicization. However, this article contributes to the literature by examining the case of Uruguay, where political polarization is moderate but increasing. The study finds that in a context of moderate polarization, where the connection between political parties and the courts is weak, the negative effects of polarization on the court do not manifest. This weak connection is attributed to the rules governing the appointment and removal of judges, which are further supported by informal practices. Consequently, changes in polarization levels and political alternation have had little impact on the composition of the Uruguayan court, which is composed of career judges. While the court is not entirely detached from the political context, its composition and behavior do not mirror partisan divisions as seen in highly politicized judicial systems.
Bilateral strangulated femoral hernia in a male: a rare surgical case report
Authors: Ismaili Granit , Vaughan Michael , Abdelhafiz Tarig Ahmed
Published: November 2024

Femoral hernias are at a high risk of strangulation due to their narrow necks. They are an exceptionally rare occurrence in males. In many cases, differentiation between a femoral and inguinal hernia is difficult. We present the case of a bilateral strangulated femoral hernia in a 70-year-old male. To our knowledge, there has been only one previously published report of such a case in males. Our patient presented with generalized abdominal pain and bilateral irreducible groin swellings, originally thought to be bilateral strangulated inguinal hernia. Upon initial inguinal incision, a diagnosis of a strangulated femoral hernia was made. A modified lower midline laparotomy incision was made to gain access to and diagnose both femoral hernias and allow for bowel resection and abdominal washout. Our case highlights the importance of modifying the surgical approach when encountering with a different diagnosis intraoperatively.
Assessment of Evidence for the Two Constituent Elements
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This chapter details the process of determining the existence and content of a rule of customary international law from the various pieces of evidence available at the time of the assessment. It explains the significance of inquiring into the overall context and nature of the rule in question, and also of the scope and particular circumstances of the available evidence. In expounding on the requirement that each of the constituent elements of customary international law is to be ascertained separately, the chapter moreover considers the questions of which constituent element comes first and whether the same material be used to ascertain both elements. The chapter further explains that the two-element approach does not preclude a measure of ‘deduction’, and that the reference to a ‘burden of proof’ in relation to the determination of customary international law may sometimes be misleading. customary international law
A General Practice: Assessing Generality
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This chapter inquires into the requirement of generality, explaining that whether or not a certain practice satisfies this requirement is a relative matter that must be appreciated in all the circumstances. In this regard the chapter elaborates on the meaning of the phrase ‘sufficiently widespread and representative’, including the role reserved for ‘specially affected States’. It also explains that contradictions or inconsistency in the practice concerned may suggest that there is no rule of customary international law, although complete consistency is not required. The chapter further clarifies that although the passage of some time is always necessary, and the duration of the practice can bear upon the strength of the evidence of the customary rule in question, no particular duration is required. customary international law
Resolutions of International Organizations and Intergovernmental Conferences as Evidence of Customary International Law
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This chapter expounds on the potential role of resolutions of international organizations and intergovernmental conferences as evidence of customary international law. It explains, first, that such resolutions cannot, of themselves, create rules of customary international law, and then details the criteria for establishing whether a certain resolution nevertheless provides evidence of customary international law (in particular acceptance as law). The chapter also explains that resolutions may provide impetus for the development of customary international law, both by encouraging the gradual evolution of the necessary opinio juris and by promoting the growth of a general practice accepted as law in conformity with the resolution. customary international law
Concluding Observations
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri
Published: November 2024

This brief concluding chapter offers several observations concerning the determination of customary international law that may be made in the light of the present study. It recalls that the rules of customary international law continue to wield significant influence in international relations, and highlights the need for an accepted and reliable methodology for their identification. This methodology—the two-element approach—is firmly established in international practice, including that of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and affords a predictability that is important to the rule of law internationally as well as at the national level. It is to be applied with rigour to the determination of all rules of customary international law, in keeping with the conclusions adopted by the International Law Commission (ILC) on ‘Identification of customary international law’.customary international law