bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Study on the Drying Characteristic of Chinese Chestnut
Authors: Yang Xue Yin
Published: September 2013

Chestnuts drying characteristics directly affect chestnut storage and drying the product quality, the study on the drying characteristics of chestnut chestnut can provide theoretical basis and technical parameter for storage, shelling and deep processing. When at different temperatures drying, analysis color and quality of chestnut, draw safe drying curves and different temperature drying curves, set up the the mathematics model of the moisture content and other the influence factors.
Improvement of Emulsifying Properties of Soybean Protein Isolate through Glycosylation Modification
Authors: Wang Xi Bo , Zhang Ying Hua , Jiang Lian Zhou
Published: September 2013

In order to improve EAI and ESI of Soybean protein isolate (SPI), Glycosylation modification was studied by adding lactose and the operation conditions for modification were established by single factor experiment. On the basis, Box-Behnken model was used to optimize technological conditions, test and analyze the EAI and ESI of modified products under various conditions. The best glycosylation modification was as follows: the augmenter of lactose was 6.9%, reaction temperature was 70.5°C, reaction time was 38.6h, and the EAI and ESI could achieve 0.754 and 24.00 which was 2.32 and 2.67 times of the unmodified SPI. The experiment proved that the modification technology can effectively increase EAI and ESI of SPI.
Desalination of Antioxidant Peptides from Pinctada fucata Using C18 Chromatographic Column
Authors: Wu Yan Yan , Wang Jing , Li Lai Hao , Yang Xian Qing , Hu Xiao
Published: September 2013

Antioxidant peptides crude product from Pinctada Fucata desalination technology by C18 chromatographic column was studied. The desalination rate and the antioxidant activity were used to analyze the effect of desalination conditions. The results show that the optimum conditions for desalting are loading 2ml of sample with concentration of 100 mg/ml, flow rate of 2 ml/min, 0.1% TFA as mobile phase with pH 6.5 in 0-4.5min and 80% methanol in 4.5-30min. Under these conditions, the desalination rate is 68.75% and the peptide recovery rate is 76.53%. The inhibitory content (IC50) expressed by antioxidant peptides is 11.421mg/ml in the system of DPPH radical.
Purification and Structure Study on Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactobacillus paracasei KL1-Liu from Tibetan Kefir
Authors: Liu Hui , Xie Yuan Hong , Han Tao , Zhang Hong Xing
Published: September 2013

To investigate the pure conditions of exopolysaccharides produced by Lactobacillus paracasei KL1-Liu from Tibetan Kefir, and to analyse the structure, we used Multi-level single-factor test to purify EPS by Sepharose CL-6B. And the purity of EPS was detected by UV scan and high performance liquid chromatogram (HPLC). EPS molecular weight and monosaccharide composition were determined by HPLC. Results: Adoption phosphate buffer gradient elution 0.02-0.10 mol/L, the velocity 0.25 mL/min, the sample concentration 1.0 mg/mL, the sample capacity 1.0 mL. Under this purification conditions, components EPSa and EPSb were obtained. The purities of EPSa and EPSb were 82.82% and 91.74% respectively, which were 1.4 and 1.5 times of the pre-purification. Purity Test results showed that EPSa and EPSb polysaccharide were single components, basically no nucleic acid and protein in them. Structural analysis revealed that the molecular weight of EPSa and EPSb were 4.60×104 Da and 2.12×104 Da detected by HPLC. EPSa monosaccharide components were glucose and rhamnose, and the molar ratio was 1:0.68. EPSb were composed of glucose, xylose and rhamnose, and the molar ratio was 1:0.77:0.69.
Identification of Different Varieties of Oyster Juice Based on the Comparison of Free Amino Acids
Authors: Chen Yuan Yuan , Chen Shun Sheng , Qiu Wei Qiang , Li Qiao Lu
Published: September 2013

To identify different varieties of oyster juice, a study was conducted to compare the free amino acids (FAAs) determined by automatic amino-acid analyzer in Southern oyster juice, Pacific oyster juice and Pearl oyster juice. In 18 amino acids, glutamic acids, glycine, alanine were considered to be the main flavor amino acids in oyster juice according to the method of Taste Activity Value (TAV). Serine, glycine, alanine, arginine, threonine and histidine proved to be the characteristic amino acids in three oyster juice with different Brix degrees. The standard characteristic amino acids content model chart was established, and it was worked as a characteristic index to identify different varieties of oyster juice. According to the result calculated by included angle cosine, the similarity between the characteristic amino acids content model chart of Southern oyster juice and that of a bottle of market oyster juice turned to be 0.9693.
Study on Development of a Fresh Peach Flavor
Authors: Zhu Guang Yong , Xiao Zuo Bing , Zhou Ru Jun , Zhu Ya Lun , Niu Yun Wei
Published: September 2013

Peach is an edible, sweet, juicy fruit and is widely consumed throughout the world. Peach flavor is a very sweet and delightful fruity flavor which can be used in many products. Therefore, developing a peach flavor is of significant interests. This article deals with developing a fresh peach flavor. According to the odor peach fruit, the notes of peach were identified. Proper chemical ingredients were selected to imitate the odor of peach and to create a peach flavor. A fresh peach flavor formula was obtained. The functions and the odors of raw materials in the peach flavor were discussed. The peach flavor obtained is of fresh harmonious peach odor and is very similar to the odor of natural peach fruit.
Characteristics of Phase Behavior Transformation of Milk Protein-Polysaccharide Multicomponent Systems with κ-Carrageenan
Authors: Liu Qing Qing , Peng Ya Li , Hu Fei
Published: September 2013

To meet the needs of consumers desiring for weight-loss food, investigation on phase characteristics of milk protein-konjac glucomannan multicomponent systems with κ-carrageenan was carried out to simulate healthy ice cream product. Methods of rheology, light scattering and microscopy were used to examine the mechanism underlying the transformation of phase behavior. Addition of κ-carrageenan (0%) evidently showed extensive phase separation that casein micelles concentrated into an irregular discrete phase. A high degree of emulsification of spherical micelle droplets occurring in the continuous serum phase prevented bulk phase separation when the κ-carrageenan concentration increased (0.025%, 0.05%). The analysis of rheological characteristics revealed that multicomponent systems with higher κ-carrageenan concentration were more viscous and showed higher thixotropy behavior due to intense interactions between κ-carrageenan and casein micelles. Frequency independence of G and G was also greatly enhanced as concentration of κ-carrageenan increased. Moreover, differences of size distribution evidenced the structure formation of systems in presence of κ-carrageenan. The joint effects of κ-carrageenan helix aggregation and the interaction between casein micelles and κ-carrageenan were contributed to phase behavior transformation.
Study on Ultrasonic Extraction Process of Tengjiao (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) Oil
Authors: Li Dong , Zuo Yong , Yuan Yue , Zou Jie , Wang Wen Ting , Xie Hui , Li Yang , Liu Li Ping , Qi Feng
Published: September 2013

The ultrasonic extraction process parameter of Tengjiao (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) oil, such as time, ultrasonic power and ratio of solid to liquid, have been studied by signal and orthogonal experiments. The results show that, using vegetable oil as the extraction medium, the best processes were 13min, 1000W and 25:1.
Research on Fractal Permeability Model for Cold-Pressed Oil Cake
Authors: Sun Zhi Xian , Zheng Xiao , Lin Guo Xiang , Ren Xiao Cong
Published: September 2013

Aiming at cold-pressed oil cakes of linseed and sunflower seed, the pore fractal characteristics of microstructures have been studied. By combining Hagen-Poiseuille equation with fractal theory, a fractal permeability model for oil cake has been developed. The permeability of linseed and sunflower seed cakes under cold-pressed condition has been measured. It was found that the relative average errors are 12.8% and 16.8% for the soybean cake and sunflower seed cake respectively by comparing the result from the model calculation and experiment.
Development of a Biotin-Avidin Mediated Immunoassay for Simultaneous Detection of Danofloxacin, Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Milk
Authors: Guo Jie Biao , Xin Xuan , Zhong Rui Min , Li Xing Ping
Published: September 2013

To generate a group-specific monoclonal antibody (McAb) against danofloxacin (DANO), enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), glutaraldehyde was used to link the presentative hapten of CIP to the immunogen and coating antigen, respectively, leaving the common structure of these 3 drugs exposed in both conjugates as a major antigenic site. Consequently, a McAb (6D3) with high cross-reactivity to this three antibiotics has been obtained by using hybridomas technique. In a biotin-avidin mediated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the IC50values for DANO, ENR and CIP were 5.1, 4.5 and 4.2 ng mL-1, respectively. The ELISA was used for the detection of spiked DANO and ENR+CIP in milk. The recoveries ranged from 74.1 to 92.4% and coefficients of variation were in a range of 6.6-11.9%. The accuracies and sensitivity of the method were good for simultaneous analysis of the 3 drugs in milk after a simple sample extraction process.
Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Nitrite Degradation during Pickle Fermentation
Authors: Yu Shao Mei , Zhang Ying
Published: September 2013

Two strains with nitrite degradation ability were obtained from Kimchi. According to morphology, Gram-stain, physiological tests, the isolates were identified primarily as Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum, respectively. Comparing the nitrite degradation rate of two strains, the strain L. plantarum Z1 with higher degradation rate was utilized to investigate effects on sodium nitrite degradation (NaNO2) during pickle fermentation. The strain L. plantarum Z1 was inoculated to 200mL MRS medium including 120μg/mL NaNO2 with inoculum of 1% after culturing at 30°C for 18 h. Several experiments that involved different temperature, pH, substrate concentration were carried out. Nitrite degradation ability of L. plantarum Z1was estimated from detection of the residue concentration of NaNO2. The optimal conditions for nitrite degradation were: growing temperature at 30°C, initial pH at 5.5 and substrate concentration of 400μg/mL. Under these conditions, the nitrite degradation efficiency was up to 96% with residue of 4.8μg/mL which is below the content of National Standards. The ability to degrade sodium nitrite provided a tool for LAB (Lactic acid bacteria) application to improve their industrial performance.
An Investigation on Urban Office Workers' Cognition on Food Safety when Eating Out
Authors: Li Yu , Xia Wan Yuan , Tang Hai Lin , Huang Yan Hong , Zhang Ling , Dai Jia Nan , Wang Ying , Hu Qin , Zhang Yong , Sun Jie Yun , Zhao Yong
Published: September 2013

This study aims to investigate the Chongqing office workers cognition on food safety when eating out, then to provide basic reference about the food safety education for the office workers. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2637 office workers in eight commercial centers of Chongqing municipal main urban districts by street interview, using self-designed questionnaire of Chongqing main urban office workers cognition on food safety when eating out. 2400 valid questionnaires were analyzed. 64.41%(1540/2391) of the office workers would pay attention to food safety problem. 14.73% (352/2390) of the office workers were aware of food safety grade rating, and the awareness rates of male are significant higher than female. When meeting with food safety problems, 80.87% (1936/2394) of the office workers would choose to exchange the dishes, 30.95% (741/2394) of them would remind friends not to consume, 23.73% (568/2394) of them would refuse to pay for the dishes, 10.74% (257/2394) of the office workers would claim for compensation, 9.36% (224/2394) of them would report it to the department concerned, 9.19% (220/2394) of them thought they had bad luck,2.92% (70/2394) of the office workers would choose to disclose it by media. The main channels of food safety information were TV (85.54%, 2087/2385), newspapers (68.60%, 1636/2385), network (55.89%, 1333/2385), and magazines (24.70%, 589/2385). The attention that office workers paid to food safety and the relevant laws, regulations and measures is low, and the office workers lack of right-protection awareness, Besides TV and newspapers, network has become the main sources of information on food safety.
Extruder Responses, Textural Properties and Color of Meat Analogs Made by High Moisture Soybean Residue and Soy Protein Isolate
Authors: Zhang Lan , Yu Han Song , Hu Yao Hui
Published: September 2013

The effect of mixture material with different levels which consisted in soybean residue, soy protein isolate and wheat gluten(0/65/35%-60/5/35%) during high-moisture extrusion, using a laboratory size co-rotating, twin screw food extruder under 50%-60% feed moisture content and 130-150 °C cooking temperature on selected extruder responses, color and textural properties of extruded products was studied. The results show that soybean residue content and feed moisture is negative correlation (r=-0.666 and -0.601) with the hardness of fibrous meat analogs. But cooking temperature has not significant correlation (P>0.05) with the changes of extruder response, color or textural properties of meat analogs.
FT-IR Study of Propylene Oxide Adsorption on Metal Oxides
Authors: Zhang Wen Yu , Li Jing Guo , Ma Feng , Yang Xiao Yong
Published: September 2013

The adsorption of propylene oxide (PO) onto MgO, ZnO and Al2O3was investigated by usingin situ-IR measurements. Detailed mechanisms for PO adsorption onto these metal oxides are proposed. It was found that the PO epoxide ring exhibits two opening tendencies, depending on the acid-base properties of the metal oxide. PO adsorbed onto MgO is preferentially opened at the O-C (1) bond. The epoxide ring provides two ways to open, at the O-C (1) or the O-C(2) bond on Al2O3. PO adsorbed onto ZnO showed no chemical adsorption on its surface.
Determination of Chloramphenicol Residual in Freshwater Fish by HPLC
Authors: Yang Yi Qing , Wang Qian , Wang Qiao , Yan Shi Jie
Published: September 2013

HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method for chloramphenicol residues in freshwater fish was developed. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate. The LC was performed on a C18 column, mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (45:55 v/v) and eluted at 0.2mL/min at 20°C, inject volume was 20μl. The linear rang for chloramphenicol residual is within 0.5-20μg/mL, the limit of detection is 0.01ng/g. The average recovery is 80.06%-92.71%, and the RSD is 1.46%-5.61%. This method is employed to analyze freshwater fishes, such as catfish, chub and carp.
Effects of 1-MCP Treatment on the Ethylene Synthesis of Postharvest Yali Pear Seeds
Authors: Liang Li Ya , Wang Qiao , Li Ling , Yan Shi Jie
Published: September 2013

The effects of 1-MCP treatment on the ethylene synthesis of Yali pear seeds of different harvest maturity were evaluated during storage. Yali pear fruit (early harvested and late harvested) were treated with 1.0 μL.L-11-MCP for 20 h at room temperature, packaged in PE plastic film and then stored at 0±1°C for 180 days. The results show that the respiration, ethylene production, ACC content, ACO and ACS activities of the seeds of early harvested Yali pear fruit with 1-MCP treatment decrease significantly during storage, the peaks decrease and are delayed for 60 days. But 1-MCP treatment has no significant effects on the indexes related with ethylene synthesis to the seeds of late harvested fruit. 1-MCP can be used to inhibit the synthesis of ethylene in the seeds effectively and keep the quality and extend the shelf life of early harvested Yali pear fruit.
Preparation of Antibodies against Maize Inbred Lines Storage Proteins
Authors: Liu Yue Hui , Wang Jun , Yang Xin Chao , Sun Na Xin , Xu Li Hua
Published: September 2013

A convenient way of producing effective antibody against maize seed storage proteins is present.The protein patterns of maize hybrid seed Ludan50 have two special protein bands with Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) which was corresponding to its parent inbred lines Luyuan92 and Qi319. We purified the two proteins respectively by acid-PAGE and then immunized rabbit and laying hens, obtained the antiserums and yolk antibodies. Both antiserums and yolk antibodies have good specificity against the antigens, except that the yolk antibody has a higher titer. We also measured its specificity against different protein components extracted with pure water, 2.5% NaCl (w/v) , 70%(v/v) alcohol , 10mM HCl and 50mM KOH. The results appears that the water-soluble proteins tended to be more specific than othors to the antibodies, so the two inbred lines can be identified from each other by ELISA with the antibody we have been produced.
Effect of Different Factors on the Viscosity of Collagen from Amiurus nebulosus Skin
Authors: Chen Li Li , Zhao Li , Yuan Mei Lan , Su Wei , Liu Hua
Published: September 2013

The different factors of influencing viscosity of acid-soluble collagen (ASC) and pepsin-soluble collagen (PSC) from Amiurus nebulosus skin were studied. Influence of concentration, pH value, temperature and standing time on their viscosity properties were tested. The results showed that the viscosity of ASC and PSC increase with the increasing of the concentration of collagens, and decreased with the increasing of temperature. And the viscosity decreased at first with the prolonging of the storage time, after that increased up to maximum, then decreased again. The effect of pH on viscosity is very complex, the maximum viscosity value of ASC and PSC were at pH 7.0.
Accumulation of Copper, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc in Various Tissues of the River Crab from Northeast China
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wu Jun Rui , Yue Xi Qing , Zang Jian
Published: September 2013

The presence of heavy metals in the environment can be detrimental to a variety of living species including human. River crabs are sensitive to heavy metals .The concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc were analyzed in muscles, hepatopancreas, gills and exoskeletons using ICP-MS . Zinc was greater in muscles and hepatopancreas, whereas copper was greater in muscles and gills. Cadmium and lead were within the range of limits for hazardous substance about the pollution-free food. Then river crab can be an effective bioindicator for assessing metal levels in environment.
Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Foods by SYBR Green I Melting Curve
Authors: Hou Hong Man , Cui Yu Na , Zhang Gong Liang , Wang Hao Yu
Published: September 2013

Two pairs of specific primers were composited based on the hlyA gene of L.monocytogenes and the 16sRNA gene of the genus Listeria. Optimal reaction system and condition of the SYBR GreenⅠfluorescent PCR were established, respectively, which could detect two specific genes. The reaction solution was verified by the method of gel electrophoresis. The results showed that two target fragments possessed different sizes and Tm valves which were amplfied corresponding two separate peaks. The standard curve based on the L.monocytogenes hlyA gene was established and the correlation coefficient was 0.996. The minimal detection limit was 89CFU/mL. Moreover, suspicious strain isolated from white clams was tested by using this method so as to study the feasibility. The positive result was evaluated with the National Standard Methods (GB 4789.30-2010). The verified result indicated that the positive result of SYBR GreenⅠfluorescent PCR matched with the GB 4789.30-2010 exactly.
Antioxidants on Radical-Scavenging Activity of Vegetable Oil
Authors: Jiang Li Qin
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of antioxidants of soybean oil and virgin olive oil during heating. Tocopherol and total phenol content in oils were determined by HPLC and Folin test, respectively. Antioxidant activity was measured with scavenging-activity (RSA) of free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) by spectrophotometer. Among the antioxidants studied, comparable activity was found between Trolox and tocopherol, while activity of phenol was low in the study. Tocopherol compounds contribute the RSA of soybean oil, and the RSA of virgin olive oil was from phenol compound as well as tocopherols. Our study showed the variety and content of antioxidants influence RSA of vegetable oils, which concerned the stability and nutrition quality of vegetable oil.
Effect of Microbial Culture Starters on Free Amino Acid in Rabbit Sausage
Authors: Xue Fei , Jiang Yun Sheng , Zhang Wen Juan , Zhao Ting Ting
Published: September 2013

Lactobacillus plantarum, Staphylococcus xylosus and Debaryomyces Hansenii were inoculated into the rabbit meat. After enema fermentation, rabbit meat sausage was made. In order to acqure the best strain combination , the free amino acids were tested. The strain L26 had a strong proteolysis capability, greater than C18 and Y163. The essential amino acid content of Group C18 was the highest. Y16 had an excellent ability to decompose Cys. One-stain fermentation performed better than mixed fermentation group on the role of FAA producing.
Optimization of Chelation of Whey Protein Hydrolysate with Calcium Using Response Surface Method
Authors: Zhao Li Na , Wang Shao Yun , Huang Shun Li , Huang Yi Fan
Published: September 2013

To optimum the chelation technology of whey protein hydrolysate with calcium, the response surface method was used to investigate optimized technological conditions. The result showed that the optimum process parameters for the whey protein hydrolysate-calcium chelation were whey protein peptide and CaCl2 ratio of 24 : 1 (w/w), whey protein hydrolysate concentration 3.5 %, pH 7.5, reaction time 20 min, reaction temperature 30 °C. Finally, the optimum level was established and whey protein hydrolysate-calcium chelate was obtained, which can provide basic theories for the following function and activity evaluation of this potential calcium supplement.
Effects of Different Pretreatment Pressures on the Catalytic Performance of Catalyst Derived from (CO)6Co2CC(COOH)2 for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Wang Yin Yan , Bai Feng Hua , Li Ang , Zhao Bo , Su Hai Quan
Published: September 2013

New type of Co-based catalyst was prepared using (CO)6Co2CC(COOH)2 as precursor supported on γ-Al2O3 support. The effects of pretreatment pressures on the catalysts properties and the F-T synthesis performance were investigated in details. Combined with TEM characterization technology, it was found that under different pretreatment pressures (0 MPa, 1.0 MPa, 2.0 MPa), the structure of carbonyl clusters underwent different changes. Moreover, the aggregation degree of cobalt species depends on the pretreated pressure applied. In addition, the catalytic performance of the cobalt carbonyl catalyst pretreated with different pressures was performed and both CO conversion and C5+ selectivity exhibited the order of Co2/2MPa/Al2O3 > Co2/1MPa/Al2O3 > Co2/0MPa/Al2O3.
Study on Extracting TB from Liubao Tea with Cellulase Auxiliary Method
Authors: He Ying Zi , Wang Xiao , Zhang Xue Hong
Published: September 2013

A new way using cellulase as auxiliary method to extract theabrownin (TB) from Guangxi Liubao Tea was proposed in this article. Single factor and orthogonal experiments were used to analysis the best extraction condition of TB from Tea. The effects of the enzyme dose, enzymatic hydrolysis time, enzymatic hydrolysis temperature and the PH of extraction were investigated by orthogonal test. Results showed that the order of influence factors was enzymatic hydrolysis time, the PH of extraction, enzyme dose and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: the dosage of cellulose 20 mg/g, the enzymatic hydrolysis time 40 min, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 30°C,the extraction PH=4. The highest extraction ration can attach 24.503%.
The Characteristics of Gelatin from Scales of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp.)
Authors: Zhao Xu Dong , Zeng Shao Kui , Huang Hua Shuang , Zhang Chao Hua
Published: September 2013

Gelatin was extracted from tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) scale after decalcification. The content of protein in the gelatin was 92.5% (w/w). The amount of imino acids (proline and hydroxyproline) was 167 residues per 1000 residues. Its gel strength, melting point and degradation temperature were 271 g, 27.0 °C and 59.7 °C, respectively. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra showed that the intensity of major absorption bands in the gelatin was higher than that in bovine bone gelatin. The gelatin had visible β-component and degradation fragments.
Study on the Extraction and Stability of Strawberry Red Pigment
Authors: Sun Fei Long , Li Zhang Peng , Li Ting , Fan Yong , Chu Yan , Tao Qiang
Published: September 2013

Natural pigments have raised a growing interest due to their extensive range of colors, innocuous and beneficial health effects. In this paper, the extraction process and stability of strawberry red pigment were studied. An orthogonal test [L16(4)4] was applied to get the best extraction conditions. Results showed that the optimum conditions were that the extraction temperature was 65C, the solid-liquid ratio was 1:5 (g/mL), the ratio of 1.5mol/L hydrochloride to 97.5% ethanol was 3:17 (mL/mL), and the extraction time was 4.5 hours. The effects of heat treatment, oxidant, sugar and preservatives on the stability of strawberry red pigment were also discussed. The stability of strawberry red pigment was found to be affected by high temperature, hydrogen peroxide, and potassium sorbate. This study is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of strawberry red pigment.
First-Principle Calculation for a Novel Hydrogen Storage Material Mg2Ni and its Substitutes
Authors: Liu Ying , Meng Ling Peng , Zheng Shi Jun , Zhang Shao Wen
Published: September 2013

A novel hydrogen storage material Mg2Ni has been studied by the first-principle methods based on plane-wave pseudopotential theory. The corresponding electronic structure of hydrogen storage materials, Mg2Ni, Mg12Ni5M1(M = Mn and Cu), and their hydride have also been investigated. The enthalpy of hydrogenation reaction is-65.07kJ/mol (H2), which is in line with the experimental results. The stability of the new hydride alloy increased by substitution with Cu, and a small amount of alternative might be preventing powdering after several cycles. The Mn atom substitutes Ni atom of hydride alloy which would weaken the H-Ni bond, and the temperature of desorption decreased. The results will play an important role in practical application.
Application of Ultrasonic Technology to Tea Saponin Extraction
Authors: Wu Yu Qiong , Man Wei Dong
Published: September 2013

Commercial crude tea saponin as raw material, the effect of ultrasonic technology on tea saponin extraction was investigated. Ethanol was selected as the suitable extraction solvent. The six single factors including ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency and ultrasonic extraction temperature were studied. The four factors of ethanol concentration, solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature were mainly studied by designing orthogonal experimental. The results show that tea saponin content increases from 48.57% to 90.21% under optimum conditions of ethanol concentration 90% (mL/mL), ultrasonic extraction temperature 40 °C, solid-liquid ratio 1:9, ultrasonic extraction time 40 min. The result indicates that the content of the tea saponin could be effectively improved through the ultrasonic technology.
Study on Cleaning Methods of Membrane in Printing and Dyeing Wastewater by MBR
Authors: Zhu Zhen Ya , Li Ai Guo , Zheng Yan Cheng , Jiao Zhen
Published: September 2013

The test treat printing and dyeing wastewater by the new MBR. In the process of operation, the membrane water flux reduced with time increasing. In the physical cleaning methods, aeration and water backwashing could recover the membrane flux to 62% and 70% respectively. In the test, chemical cleaning effect was better. The membrane was soaked in the solution combined with sodium hypochlorite solution, H2SO4 solution and citric acid solution. The membrane flux could recover to more than 90% by this method.
Cubic and Hexagonal Mesoporous Aluminosilicates Assembled from Secondary Building Units Characteristic of Zeolite Beta
Authors: Guo Wan Ping , Liu Juan , Zhang Zhen , Yu Lin
Published: September 2013

To improve the structure order and catalytic activity of mesoporous materials, cubic (SBU-MCM-48) and hexagonal (SBU-MCM-41) mesoporous aluminosilicates containing secondary building units characteristic of zeolite Beta have been prepared, and characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption, IR spectroscopy, catalytic cracking reaction compared with the corresponding MCM-41. We found that the introduction of secondary building units characteristic of zeolite Beta into the mesopore wall could be an effective route to improve the acidity of mesoporous materials. Moreover, cubic SBU-MCM-48 has been more active than hexagonal SBU-MCM-41 for cumene cracking reaction.
Discussion on Solar Photocatalytic Degradation of Treated Leachate Using Transition Metal-Nonmetal Co-Doped TiO2
Authors: Wang Si Ming , Sun Xiao Jie
Published: September 2013

Leachate biochemical effluent containing large quantities of refractory matters are difficult to degrade by traditional biological processes. Photocatalysis technology seems to be a promising solution for leachate biochemical effluent because it can oxidize refractory organic compounds to harmless inorganics. But there are two key problems in TiO2photocatalytic degradation of biologically treated leachate. One is low quantum yield, the other is low photocatalytic activity in the visible-light region. The advice about solar photocatalytic degradation of biologically treated leachate using transition metal-nonmetal co-doped TiO2is put forward.
The Removal of Mercury from Wasterwater by Using Fishwater Fish Scales
Authors: Shu Jing , Peng Yuan , Pan Cong Dao , Cheng Xian Zhong , Deng Li
Published: September 2013

The adsorption of freshwater fish scales were used to remove Hg2+in industrial wastewater. The effects of pH, shaking time, initial concentration on the adsorption Hg2+onto freshwater fish scale were investigated. In these conditions, by varying the pH of the mercury (II) solutions from 2 to 8, the removal efficiency remained higher than 96%. Optimal adsorption capacity was 117.2 mg g-1at pH 6.0. Characterization of the biosorbent fish scales was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mechanism for the adsorption was studied. The adsorption of Hg2+on to freshwater fish scale could be described by Langmuir isotherm model.
Disposal of Cuprous Chloride Waste Water with Extraction
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xue Juan Qin , Liu Yao , Wang Cong , Quan Xue Ting , Jia Tao Tao
Published: September 2013

According to the structural characteristics of cuprous chloride ions in the wastewater, we use respectively rhodamine-B and 8-hydroxyquinoline as extractant to perform an extraction experimental research for cuprous chloride wastewater. We examine the influence of extraction time, extractant concentration, phase ratio, and pH on the disposal efficiency. We obtain the following observations: The usage of 8-hydroxyquinoline and rhodamine-B as the extractant can extract copper from cuprous chloride wastewater to some extent. Reducing pH of cuprous chloride wastewater solution with concentrated sulfuric acid is not conducive to 8-hydroxyquinoline extraction, which is conducive to rhodamine-B extraction but the effect is not obvious. Increasing temperature is conducive to 8-hydroxyquinoline extraction but not conducive to rhodamine-B.
Influence of the Number of Pathogen Causing Banana Fusarium Wilt and Soil Factors on the Infection Degree of Banana Plants
Authors: Deng Xiao , Li Qin Fen , Wu Chun Yuan , Liu Jing Kun
Published: September 2013

Banana fusarium wilt is one of the soil-borne diseases of seriously threat to banana production in the world. However, there is no effective method for prevention. The objective was providing theoretical basis for field diagnosis of banana fusarium wilt. Thirty rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three typical banana plots (Jianfeng, Shiyuetian, Chongpo) infected by banana fusarium wilt. Applying dilution plate method to estimate the pathogenic number, fourteen soil physicochemical properties and nutrient concentrations were chemically determined. Results showed that pathogenic number and nutrient concentrations in rhizosphere soil were higher than non-rhizosphere soil, the pathogenic number and pH in rhizosphere soils significantly increased with increasing of plant infection grades, while the concentrations of available P and B decreased with increasing of plant infection grades. It was concluded that infection degree of banana plants was mainly determined by pathogenic number, pH and the concentrations of available P and B.
Experimental Study on Pyrolysis and Combustion Characteristics of PVC and PP
Authors: Chen Lin , Wang Shu Zhong , Meng Hai Yu , Zhao Jun , Wu Zhi Qiang
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of PVC and PP from municipal solid waste applying the non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis, the apparent activation energy and the pre-exponential factor were obtained by kinetics analysis. There is one phase in the pyrolysis of PP, which is volatile release at 281-489 °C. While, the process of PP combustion consists of one phase which is volatile release and combustion. There are two phases that are different volatile release in the pyrolysis of PVC. In the process of PVC combustion, there are two phase, the first is part of volatile release and combustion, the second is the other volatile release and fixed carbon combustion. It has been found that compensation effect exists in PP and PVC pyrolysis and combustion with the variation of oxygen concentration.
Preparation of Copper-Doped ZnS/HFBA-Co-MAA Fiber Composites and its Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Splitting of Water under Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Chang Hui , Ge Hong Xiang , Liang Wei , Fan Wen Juan
Published: September 2013

The copper-doped ZnS particles were immobilized on the surface of Hexafluorobutyl acrylate-co-methacrylic acid (poly (HFBA-co-MAA)) which synthesized by bulk polymerization electrospun nanofibers. The fluoropolymer fibers, which have around 200 nm in average diameter, of poly (HFBA-co-MAA) and are obtained by electrospinning. Zinc and copper ions are introduced onto the fiber surface by coordinating with carboxyls of MAA. After that, sulfide ions are incorporated to react with zinc and copper ions by a hydrothermal synthesis. Thus, copper-doped ZnS particles of around 100 nm in average size, are obtained and well loaded on the fiber surface. The absorption of copper-doped ZnS/HFBA-co-MAA fiber composites is at 262 nm and 326 within the ultraviolet light region. It was found that the average rate of H2 evolution of copper-doped ZnS powders slightly decreased, while the average rate of H2 evolution of copper-doped ZnS/HFBA-co-MAA fiber composites increased from the first to the third run. The average rate of H2 evolution using the copper-doped ZnS/HFBA-co-MAA fiber composites as the catalyst achieved 49.04 mL/h in the third run.
Treatment of the Liquor Wastewater Using Sequencing Batch Reactor
Authors: Guan Xiu Qiong , Gao Hong Xia , Lin Tian Xue , Liu Chun
Published: September 2013

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) was investigated for the treatment of liquor wastewater in this paper. This study includes the test of start-up of the SBR, running of the reactor by treating the wastewater. During the start-up process the activated sludge was cultured and acclimated. After acclimation the removal efficiency of CODcr can reach around 99%. Following investigations were focused on evaluation of the treatment efficiency and the reactive cycle during running the SBR. The experimental results showed that running parameters of SBR reaction system were Fill 0.5 h, React 10.0 h, Settle 2.0~2.5 h, Drain 0.5h, Idle 4.0h. Under these conditions the removal rate of CODcr can reach 99%. So the performance of SBR for the wastewater was satisfactory as the wastewater had 1400~2000mg/l of CODcr. The cyclic operation of SBR used in this study proved more effective in treating the wastewater.
The Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Water Derived from the Glyphosate Production
Authors: Dai Zhong Xu , Li Fa Hua , Gong Zhao Hong , Liao Quan Bin
Published: September 2013

The glyphosate solution, sodium chloride and phosphate solid are separated concurrently by using different mixed solvent extraction processing from glyphosate production wastewater. Among them, ethanol-acetone is the best solvent extraction agent. In glyphosate solution after treatment, glyphosate content is 6.14 %, meanwhile, the content of sodium chloride and phosphate is rather low. So, it can be used as glyphosate agent production. The content of sodium chloride is up to 98 % after recrystallization, which can be as the raw material of chlor-alkai production. When the mother liquor of recrystallization combined with the original wastewater, the glyphosate can be close to the maximum recovery.
The Study of Axial Dynamic Backwashing Dual-Media Filter Experiment
Authors: Yu Zhong Chen , Zhang Xue Jiao , Wang Song , Sun Bing , Zhou Xian Jun
Published: September 2013

According to the problem of polymeric compound appearing in oil field produced water, following by the changes of water quality characteristics that result in the polymeric compound accumulated in the filter tank which lead to the poor regeneration, being partly hardened and the losing, and the over standard of water quality, the study uses the technology of axial dynamic backwashing to back wash and regenerate the dual-media filter of walnut shell/quartz sand. The removal rate of oil content for filter materials reaches above 90% after backwashing. Simultaneously, cleaning the granular filter materials in filter bed achieves high removal rate of oil and suspended substance content, the average removal rate of oil content being 96.0% while the suspended substance 77.81% which greatly improved the water quality index.
Highly Efficient Regeneration Method for Analginum-Saturated Activated Carbon
Authors: Zhu Zhao You , Wang Wan Ling , Wang Li Li , Wang Ying Long
Published: September 2013

The regeneration of Analginum-saturated powdered activated carbon (PAC) using solvent extraction and thermal regeneration was investigated in detail to get the optimal conditions. In the solvent extraction step, various influence factors, such as pH of solvent, treatment time, and temperature were studied respectively. In addition, the optimal conditions of thermal regeneration were determined to be 500 °C, 120 min, with blowing N2 gas at 80 mL/min. Under the optimized conditions, the regeneration efficiency of spent PAC reached as high as 95.1%. This study provides a useful reference of regeneration method for other spent activated carbons.
Performance of a Biotrickling Treating Ammonia from Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Liu Jian Wei , Lv Chen
Published: September 2013

Biofiltration systems have become effective and inexpensive alternatives to conventional treatment systems. In this study, a functional bioreactor, e.g. the biotrickling filter was evaluated for its efficiencies in treating ammonia in the wastewater treatment plant at different loadings and its performance were studied. The experimental results showed that the influent ammonia can be efficiently removed in the biotrickling filter. The removal efficiency was above 90.7% when the inlet ammonia concentrations varied from 20 to 300 mg/m3and the flow rates were adjusted to from 0.61 to 1.06 m3/h.The results in microbial analyses indicated that the ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizing bacteria were dominant in the biotrickling filter.
The Chemical Composition of Natural Waters and Water Extracts of the Soils of the Industrial Area of Coal-Burning Power Station “Partizanskaya”
Authors: Nazarkina Alina V. , Arefieva O.D. , Derbentseva A.M. , Zabolotnaya Anna M. , Kostenkov Nikolay M. , Brovko Peter F. , Krupskaya Liudmila T.
Published: September 2013

Power stations provide a huge influence on the environment. This influence can be diverse and integrated: (1) land avulsion, (2) dusting from the open storage spaces of fuel, ash and slags, (3) huge amounts of ash-slug wastes containing toxic metals. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of ash-slug wastes of the coal-burning power station Partizanskaya on the ecological state of soils and water bodies. The waters of the Lozoviy Stream are polluted mostly with the residual iodine, bromine, silicium compounds and sulphides. Ash-slags of the coal-burning power station Partizanskaya can be an environmental hazard. The obtained information about the properties of the abiotic components of the industrial area of the coal-burning power station Partizanskayaash-slags, soils and water bodiesare the first step in studying the environmental situation in this area. One of the possible solutions aimed to improve the environmental situation in the industrial area of the coal-burning power station Partizanskaya is recultivation of the ash dump and development of the technologies for the usage of the ash in the household economy.
Adsorption of Cu2+ from Aqueous Solution by Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Tamarind
Authors: Niu Chun Mei , Li Shao Ying , Lan Fang
Published: September 2013

Crosslinked carboxymethyl tamarind (CCMTKP) with degree of substitution (DS) 0.42, 0.64 and 0.88 were prepared through reaction of sodium monochloroacetic acid (SMCA), epichlorohydrin (ECH) and tamarind kernel polysaccharide (TKP) and used to adsorb Cu2+ from aqueous solution. The appropriate range for pH was 2-6. The adsorption capacity rapidly reached equilibrium within 15 min and adsorption followed second-order kinetic equation. The adsorption of Cu2+ is well followed as the Langmuir isotherm and the maximum adsorption capacity (Qm) was 68.03 mg/g. The regeneration study indicates that CCMTKP could be used repeatedly without significantly changing their adsorption capacities.
Studies on Degradation of Methylene Blue by Potassium Ferrate
Authors: Li Jin Lian , Zhang Hong Mei , Li Jin Huan , Chen Yan Guang
Published: September 2013

Methylene blue (MB) was examined for oxidation decoloration. Results indicated that the use of ferrate resulted in effectively removal of chroma which has been explained by oxidation and flocculation interactions. Reaction conditions were optimized concerning ferrate addition mass, reaction temperature and dye concentration. The optimization mass of ferrate and the optimization reaction temperature was observed with decoloration of methylene blue wastewater.
Study on Treatment of Printing and Dyeing Wastewater by A/O Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Zhu Zhen Ya , Gao Zhi Juan , Li Ai Guo , Sun Jian Hui
Published: September 2013

The anaerobic-aerobic processes and membrane module was combined to be an A/O MBR used for treatment of dyeing wastewater. The running parameters, such as the removal of CODcr, DO, MLSS and HRT have been studied. Through experimental analysis, when the MLSS is between 2000 and 6000mg/L, DO is nearby 2.5mg/L, HRT is between 8h and 9h, the treatment efficiency is the highest.
Study on the Removal of Arsenic in Pyrite Cinder by Acid Leaching
Authors: Li Yan , Xu Zheng , Zhang Guang Wei
Published: September 2013

For effective utilization of sulfate slag, the content of iron (Fe) should higher than 60%, while the content of asenic (As) should lower than 0.05%. A sulfate slag pretreated by magnetic separation-gravity separation, contains Fe 58.61% and As 0.33%, and the forms of Fe and As are mainly Fe2O3 and FeAsO4. To obtain qualified Fe ore concentrate product, chemical leaching conditions was used to remove As. Results show that the the optimal conditions are-0.074mm 75% grinding fineness, 30 °C, 15 g/L initial acid, 5/1 liquid-solid ratio, 350 rpm mixing intensity and 60 min leaching time. The obtained qualified product contains Fe 61.85%, As 0.045%, and Fe recovery rate is 98.63%.
Recent Developments in Treatment of Chromium-Contaminated Wastewater by Starch-Based Adsorbents
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhu Chun Shan , Chen Cong Zhi , Zhang Hong , Wang Dan , Ma Ying Yuan
Published: September 2013

Chromium is extremely toxic and considered a priority pollutant. It is compulsory to control the discharge of chromium compounds into aquatic systems in order to prevent severe environmental problems. Among all the treatment methods, adsorption has been proved to be a substantial method for the removal of chromium from wastewater. Recently, a variety of starch-based materials have been used as chromium adsorbents. The present review provides the recent development in the sorption capacities of starch-based sorbents for chromium, new starch-based materials and their advantages for the removal of chromium from the wastewater. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cr (III) or Cr (VI) on starch-based adsorbents are reviewed, and the sorption efficiency and capacities of starch-based adsorbents are compared with that of other low cost adsorbent materials. The primary objective is to provide the recent information about the starch-based materials as absorbents, and propose that the starch-based microsphere materials as absorbents will develop greater function in removal of chromium from wastewater in future.
Treatment of Dyes Wastewater with TiO2 Photocatalytic Membrane Reactors
Authors: Shao Gai Qin
Published: September 2013

TiO2 photocatalytic membrane reactors (PMRs) are prospective technology of treating dyeing and printing wastewater. The type and structure of the PMRs currently used for dyes wastewater treating were introduced. In these systems TiO2 was successfully separated from water by means of excellent separation performance of membrane, reducing TiO2 loss, enhancing the utilization ratio of catalysts and improving effluent water quality. At the same time dyes and other macromolecular substances were degraded photocatalyticly, greatly improving the stain resistance to membrane and extending membranes service life.
Gasification Characteristics of MSW RDF
Authors: Yang Fei Hua , Zhang Qiang , Li Chun Ping , Zhan Jia Yu
Published: September 2013

A series of gasification experiments of MSW RDF was made by using independently developed gasification device. When MSW RDF gasified at 200°C ~900°C, the trend of instantaneous gas production was increased, decreased, then increased rapidly after downward, 2 peak of instantaneous gas production were 500°C and 800 °C. When the gasification temperature is below 400 °C, except for CO, the content of various combustible gases are rarely. With the increase of the gasification temperature, bottom ash content decreased, but tar yield and volume percentage content and calorific value of the combustible gas increased gradually. when the gasification temperature reached 900°C, the calorific value of combustible gas reaches the highest, 28MJ/m3, bottom ash reaches the lowest, only 12%. Tar reached the highest value at 600 °C ~700 °C, about 40%.