bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug repurposing: re-inventing therapies for cancer without re-entering the development pipeline—a review
Authors: Siddiqui Shafina , Deshmukh Ankita Jaywant , Mudaliar Priyanka , Nalawade Apoorva Jagannath , Iyer Deepak , Aich Jyotirmoi
Published: August 2022

While majority of the current treatment approaches for cancer remain expensive and are associated with several side effects, development of new treatment modalities takes a significant period of research, time, and expenditure. An alternative novel approach is drug repurposing that focuses on finding new applications for the previously clinically approved drugs. The process of drug repurposing has also been facilitated by current advances in the field of proteomics, genomics, and information computational biology. This approach not only provides cheaper, effective, and potentially safer drugs with less side effects but also increases the processing pace of drug development. In this review, we wish to highlight some recent developments in the area of drug repurposing in cancer with a specific focus on the repurposing potential of anti-psychotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral drugs, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, and anti-fungal drugs.
Coexistence of pulmonary hydatid cyst and tuberculosis in a child: a case report
Authors: Haif Assia , Achouri Djelloul , Bougharnout Halima , Chahmana Asma , Bouchareb Fahima , Bendecheche Boubakeur , Soualili Zineddine
Published: August 2022

Background

The echinococcosis and tuberculosis of the lungs are both endemic in Algeria.

The coexistence of echinococcosis and tuberculosis in the same lobe of the lung is exceptional.

Case presentation

A 10-year-old girl was admitted with a history of productive cough, fever, and chest pain.

Chest examination revealed decreased air entry at left lower lobe. Chest X-ray demonstrated a round left lower lobe with an air fluid interface. Chest CT scan with intravenous contrast showed a lingual hydroaeric formation measuring 5×6 cm with a detached membrane image.

A diagnosis of a complicated hydatid disease of the lung was made and the patient was subsequently started on oral albendazole before undergoing exploratory thoracotomy where partial cystectomy and the obliteration of the pericyst cavity. Histopathology was notable for echinococcosis membrane characteristics.

After 2 months, the patient re-presented with complaints of cough, hemoptysis, and dyspnea.

Radiographic images favored repermeabilization of bronchopleural fistulas.

The management was the closing of the bronchial openings.

Histological findings include image characteristic of the echinococcosis and tuberculosis.

The patient continued on albendazole and an anti-tuberculosis regimen, with concurrent functional physiotherapy sessions.

During the following 3-year follow-up, drastic clinical, radiographic, and functional improvement was noted.

Conclusion

Concurrent tuberculosis and echinococcosis infection should be taken into consideration when patients present with persistent bronchopleural fistula in endemic areas.

A multidisciplinary approach of different medical teams facilitates diagnosis and rapid treatment.
Light-driven single-cell rotational adhesion frequency assay
Authors: Liu Yaoran , Ding Hongru , Li Jingang , Lou Xin , Yang Mingcheng , Zheng Yuebing
Published: August 2022

The interaction between cell surface receptors and extracellular ligands is highly related to many physiological processes in living systems. Many techniques have been developed to measure the ligand-receptor binding kinetics at the single-cell level. However, few techniques can measure the physiologically relevant shear binding affinity over a single cell in the clinical environment. Here, we develop a new optical technique, termed single-cell rotational adhesion frequency assay (scRAFA), that mimics in vivo cell adhesion to achieve label-free determination of both homogeneous and heterogeneous binding kinetics of targeted cells at the subcellular level. Moreover, the scRAFA is also applicable to analyze the binding affinities on a single cell in native human biofluids. With its superior performance and general applicability, scRAFA is expected to find applications in study of the spatial organization of cell surface receptors and diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Postsecondary Faculty Attitudes and Beliefs about Writing-Based Pedagogies in the STEM Classroom
Authors: Finkenstaedt-Quinn Solaire A. , Gere Anne Ruggles , Dowd Jason E. , Thompson Robert J. , Halim Audrey S. , Reynolds Julie A. , Schiff Leslie A. , Flash Pamela , Shultz Ginger V.
Published: August 2022

This study presents the analysis of a nationwide survey focused on STEM faculty use of and beliefs about writing-based pedagogies. The findings indicate that beliefs about behavioral control, rather than the effectiveness of writing pedagogies, primarily differentiate the faculty who do and do not use writing assignments in their courses.
Should antipsychotics be used for the management of agitation and psychosis in dementia?
Authors: Glatzel Hannah
Published: August 2022

Agitation and psychosis are two common distressing symptoms of dementia. The results of this issue's Cochrane Corner review suggest that, if a pharmacological approach is required, the use of risperidone and other atypical antipsychotics for the purpose of managing these symptoms seems questionable. Furthermore, typical antipsychotics, haloperidol in particular, might have a greater impact on agitation and psychosis than already recognised. This commentary critically appraises the evidence on the efficacy of typical and atypical antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in dementia.
The psychological impact of instrumental activities of daily living on people with simulated age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Macnamara Anne , Coussens Scott , Chen Celia , Schinazi Victor R. , Loetscher Tobias
Published: August 2022

Background

People with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can report reduced mental health. There is also evidence that they struggle with daily tasks because of vision loss.

Aims

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychological impact of instrumental activities of daily living on people with simulated AMD.

Method

Twenty-four normally sighted participants completed 12 household tasks, in a simulated home environment, under a moderate-to-severe AMD simulation. Participants’ psychological state was measured through self-report questionnaires and physiological measurements related to anxiety and stress. Tasks were completed twice, under counterbalanced vision conditions (normal and simulated AMD).

Results

Linear mixed models on vision condition (normal versus simulated AMD) and trial order (trial 1 versus trial 2) revealed a significant large negative effect of the AMD simulation on time to complete tasks, and the anxiety, task engagement and distress self-reports (all P < 0.024, all ω2 > 0.177). There were also significant medium-large effects of trial order on time, task incompletion, task errors, and the anxiety and task engagement self-reports (all P < 0.047, all ω2 > 0.130), whereby the results improved during the second attempt at the tasks. No physiological measures were significant (all P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Completing instrumental activities of daily living under an AMD simulation had a negative impact on participants’ self-reported mental state. The observed trial order effects also illuminated how practice with tasks could ease anxiety and stress over time.
Multianalyte Prognostic Signature Including Circulating Tumor DNA and Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients With Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chapin William J. , Till Jacob E. , Hwang Wei-Ting , Eads Jennifer R. , Karasic Thomas B. , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Schneider Charles J. , Teitelbaum Ursina R. , Romeo Janae , Black Taylor A. , Christensen Theresa E. , Redlinger Tabery Colleen , Anderson Amanda , Slade Megan , LaRiviere Michael , Yee Stephanie S. , Reiss Kim A. , O'Hara Mark H. , Carpenter Erica L.
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with a poor prognosis. Multianalyte signatures, including liquid biopsy and traditional clinical variables, have shown promise for improving prognostication in other solid tumors but have not yet been rigorously assessed for PDAC.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We performed a prospective cohort study of patients with newly diagnosed locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic PDAC (mPDAC) who were planned to undergo systemic therapy. We collected peripheral blood before systemic therapy and assessed circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA concentration (cfDNA), and circulating tumor KRAS (ctKRAS)–variant allele fraction (VAF). Association of variables with overall survival (OS) was assessed in univariate and multivariate survival analysis, and comparisons were made between models containing liquid biopsy variables combined with traditional clinical prognostic variables versus models containing traditional clinical prognostic variables alone.

RESULTS

One hundred four patients, 40 with LAPC and 64 with mPDAC, were enrolled. CTCs, cfDNA concentration, and ctKRAS VAF were all significantly higher in patients with mPDAC than patients with LAPC. ctKRAS VAF (cube root; 0.05 unit increments; hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.21; P = .01), and CTCs ≥ 1/mL (hazard ratio, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.34 to 3.69; P = .002) were significantly associated with worse OS in multivariate analysis while cfDNA concentration was not. A model selected by backward selection containing traditional clinical variables plus liquid biopsy variables had better discrimination of OS compared with a model containing traditional clinical variables alone (optimism-corrected Harrell's C-statistic 0.725 v 0.681).

CONCLUSION

A multianalyte prognostic signature containing CTCs, ctKRAS, and cfDNA concentration outperformed a model containing traditional clinical variables alone suggesting that CTCs, ctKRAS, and cfDNA provide prognostic information complementary to traditional clinical variables in advanced PDAC.
Understanding Pathogenesis Intersects With Effective Treatment for Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Smith Terry J
Published: August 2022

Context

Thyroid eye disease (TED), a vision-threatening and disfiguring autoimmune process, has thwarted our efforts to understand its pathogenesis and develop effective and safe treatments. Recent scientific advances have facilitated improved treatment options.

Objective

Review historically remote and recent advances in understanding TED.

Design/Setting/Participants

PubMed was scanned using search terms including thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy, thyroid eye disease, Graves’ orbitopathy, autoimmune thyroid disease, and orbital inflammation.

Main outcome measures

Strength of scientific evidence, size, scope, and controls of clinical trials/observations.

Results

Glucocorticoid steroids are widely prescribed systemic medical therapy. They can lessen inflammation-related manifestations of TED but fail to reliably reduce proptosis and diplopia, 2 major causes of morbidity. Other current therapies include mycophenolate, rituximab (anti-CD20 B cell-depleting monoclonal antibody), tocilizumab (interleukin-6 receptor antagonist), and teprotumumab (IGF-I receptor inhibitor). Several new therapeutic approaches have been proposed including targeting prostaglandin receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor, mTOR, and cholesterol pathways. Of potentially greater long-term importance are attempts to restore immune tolerance.

Conclusion

Despite their current wide use, steroids may no longer enjoy first-tier status for TED as more effective and better tolerated medical options become available. Multiple current and emerging therapies, the rationales for which are rooted in theoretical and experimental science, promise better options. These include teprotumumab, rituximab, and tocilizumab. Restoration of immune tolerance could ultimately become the most effective and safe medical management for TED.
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein–Associated Disorders
Authors: Longbrake Erin
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

Anti–myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) autoantibodies have become a recognized cause of a pathophysiologically distinct group of central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune diseases. MOG-associated disorders can easily be confused with other CNS diseases such as multiple sclerosis or neuromyelitis optica, but they have a distinct clinical phenotype and prognosis.

RECENT FINDINGS

Most patients with MOG-associated disorders exhibit optic neuritis, myelitis, or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) alone, sequentially, or in combination; the disease may be either monophasic or relapsing. Recent case reports have continued to expand the clinical spectrum of disease, and increasingly larger cohort studies have helped clarify its pathophysiology and natural history.

Anti–MOG-associated disorders comprise a substantial subset of patients previously thought to have other seronegative CNS diseases. Accurate diagnosis is important because the relapse patterns and prognosis for MOG-associated disorders are unique. Immunotherapy appears to successfully mitigate the disease, although not all agents are equally effective. The emerging large-scale data describing the clinical spectrum and natural history of MOG-associated disorders will be foundational for future therapeutic trials.
Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Disorders
Authors: Brenton J. Nicholas
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and prognosis of the most common monophasic and relapsing acquired demyelinating disorders presenting in childhood.

RECENT FINDINGS

Our understanding of neuroimmune disorders of the central nervous system is rapidly expanding. Several clinical and paraclinical factors help to inform the diagnosis and ultimately the suspicion for a monophasic versus relapsing course, including the age of the patient (prepubertal versus postpubertal), presence or absence of clinical encephalopathy, identification of serum autoantibodies (eg, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein [MOG] and aquaporin-4), presence of intrathecally unique oligoclonal bands, and location/extent of radiologic abnormalities. Collaborative international research efforts have facilitated understanding of the safety and efficacy of currently available immunotherapies in children with acquired demyelinating disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis.

Although many of the demyelinating disorders presented in this article can affect children and adults across the age spectrum, the clinical and radiologic phenotypes, treatment considerations, and long-term prognoses are often distinct in children.
Leukodystrophies
Authors: Adang Laura
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article reviews the most common leukodystrophies and is focused on diagnosis, clinical features, and emerging therapeutic options.

RECENT FINDINGS

In the past decade, the recognition of leukodystrophies has exponentially increased, and now this class includes more than 30 distinct disorders. Classically recognized as progressive and fatal disorders affecting young children, it is now understood that leukodystrophies are associated with an increasing spectrum of neurologic trajectories and can affect all ages. Next-generation sequencing and newborn screening allow the opportunity for the recognition of presymptomatic and atypical cases. These new testing opportunities, in combination with growing numbers of natural history studies and clinical consensus guidelines, have helped improve diagnosis and clinical care. Additionally, a more granular understanding of disease outcomes informs clinical trial design and has led to several recent therapeutic advances. This review summarizes the current understanding of the clinical manifestations of disease and treatment options for the most common leukodystrophies.

As early testing becomes more readily available through next-generation sequencing and newborn screening, neurologists will better understand the true incidence of the leukodystrophies and be able to diagnose children within the therapeutic window. As targeted therapies are developed, it becomes increasingly imperative that this broad spectrum of disorders is recognized and diagnosed. This work summarizes key advances in the leukodystrophy field.
Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Oh Jiwon
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) can be made based on clinical symptoms and signs alone or a combination of clinical and paraclinical features. Diagnostic criteria for MS have evolved over time, and the latest version facilitates earlier diagnosis of MS in those presenting with typical clinical syndromes. This article summarizes the current diagnostic criteria for MS, typical and atypical presentations of MS, and when diagnostic criteria should be applied with caution.

RECENT FINDINGS

The most recent version of the MS diagnostic criteria has the benefits of simplicity and greater sensitivity in comparison to previous iterations. However, misdiagnosis remains a significant issue in MS clinical care, even at MS specialty centers. It is, therefore, evident that careful clinical application of the current version of the diagnostic criteria is necessary and that tools improving the diagnostic accuracy of MS would be of substantial clinical utility. Emerging diagnostic biomarkers that may be useful in this regard, including the central vein sign, paramagnetic rim lesions, and fluid biomarkers, are discussed.

Current MS diagnostic criteria facilitate the early diagnosis of MS in people presenting with typical clinical syndromes but should be used cautiously in those presenting with atypical syndromes and in special populations. Clinical judgment and existing paraclinical tools, including sequential MRIs of the neuraxis and laboratory tests, are useful in minimizing misdiagnosis and facilitating the accurate diagnosis of MS. Diagnostic biomarkers that may facilitate or refute a diagnosis of MS in these settings, and emerging imaging and fluid biomarkers may eventually become available for use in clinical settings.
Probiotic effect in preterm neonates with sepsis - A systematic review protocol
Authors: Iqbal Faiza , Siva N , Kolibylu Raghupathy Manasa , Edward S Lewis Leslie , Barche Apurv , Purkayastha Jayashree , S Nayak Baby
Published: August 2022

Background: The microbiota in the intestine is made up of trillions of living bacteria that coexist with the host. Administration of antibiotics during neonatal infection causes depletion of gut flora resulting in gut dysbiosis. Over the last few decades, probiotics have been created and promoted as microbiota management agents to enrich gut flora. Probiotics decrease the overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria in the gut of preterm neonates, reducing the frequency of nosocomial infections in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICUs).

Methods: The systematic review will include randomized control trials (RCTs) of premier neonates with sepsis. Studies will be retrieved from global databases like Cochrane CENTRAL, CINAHL Plus via EBSCO host, MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Ovid, Web of Science, ProQuest Medical Library, Microsoft academic, and DOAJ by utilizing database-specific keywords. Screening, data extraction, and critical appraisal of included research will be carried out separately by two review writers. Findings will be reported in accordance with the PRISMS-P 2020 guidelines.

Conclusions: The findings of this systematic review will help to translate the evidence-based information needed to encourage the implementation of potential research output in the field of neonatal intensive care, guide best clinical practise, assist policy making and implementation to prevent gut dysbiosis in neonates with sepsis by summarising and communicating the evidence on the topic.

PROSPERO registration number: This systematic review protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) on 10th March 2022. The registration number is CRD42022315980.
satuRn: Scalable analysis of differential transcript usage for bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing applications
Authors: Gilis Jeroen , Vitting-Seerup Kristoffer , Van den Berge Koen , Clement Lieven
Published: August 2022

Alternative splicing produces multiple functional transcripts from a single gene. Dysregulation of splicing is known to be associated with disease and as a hallmark of cancer. Existing tools for differential transcript usage (DTU) analysis either lack in performance, cannot account for complex experimental designs or do not scale to massive single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets. We introducesatuRn, a fast and flexible quasi-binomial generalized linear modelling framework that is on par with the best performing DTU methods from the bulk RNA-seq realm, while providing good false discovery rate control, addressing complex experimental designs, and scaling to scRNA-seq applications.
Mapping accessibility to oral health care in coastal India – A geospatial approach using a geographic information system (GIS)
Authors: Pramod Nayak Prajna , Mitra Soham , Pai Jagadeesha B. , Vasthare Prabhakar Ramprasad , Kshetrimayum Nandita
Published: August 2022

Background: It is imperative to have a thorough assessment of the existing distribution of oral healthcare facilities and understand potential accessibility when planning for expansion of oral health services. In the present study, an attempt to measure geographic accessibility to oral healthcare, by locating the availability of dental practitioners in the coastal districts of Karnataka state, India using a geographical information system (GIS), has been made.

Methods: For the study, data on public and private oral health centres were collected for the three coastal districts of Karnataka state, India. Population and income data were collected, along with geographic attributes (latitudes and longitudes) of the practitioners' addresses. Descriptive statistical analyses and dentist-to-population ratios (D:P) were calculated. Correlation between the number of clinics with population and D:P with per capita income were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Chi-square test applied to analyze any association between D:P and urbanization.

Results: Among 340 clinics, 8.5% are public and 91.5% are private clinics catering to a population of 4,704,179. Average D:P for the three coastal districts is 1:13,836. There is an uneven urban-rural distribution of dentists with lower D:P in rural areas. Rural population in four taluks have only one dentist for over a lakh population. Six taluks have only one dentist for every 50000 – 100000 population in rural areas. Six rural areas had only public centers to cater to their oral health.  

Conclusions: From the study, it is concluded that oral health services were concentrated in areas with higher annual income per-capita, increased urbanization and population density.
How to put plant root uptake into a soil water flow model
Authors: Dong Xuejun
Published: August 2022

The need for improved crop water use efficiency calls for flexible modeling platforms to implement new ideas in plant root uptake and its regulation mechanisms. This paper documents the details of modifying a soil infiltration and redistribution model to include (a) dynamic root growth, (b) non-uniform root distribution and water uptake, (c) the effect of water stress on plant water uptake, and (d) soil evaporation. The paper also demonstrates strategies of using the modified model to simulate soil water dynamics and plant transpiration considering different sensitivity of plants to soil dryness and different mechanisms of root water uptake. In particular, the flexibility of simulating various degrees of compensated uptake (whereby plants tend to maintain potential transpiration under mild water stress) is emphasized. The paper also describes how to estimate unknown root distribution and rooting depth parameters by the use of a simulation-based searching method. The full documentation of the computer code will allow further applications and new development.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on gender-based violence and physical violence among women in Peru
Authors: Quispe Antonio M , Vargas Lucía , Sotelo Manuel , Rojas Yalisse G. , Sabaduche Jose , Navarro Cleyber
Published: August 2022

Background: Gender-based violence (GBV) is an increasing social problem worldwide, but it has been neglected despite its high relevance to women’s health. In this study, we aim to assess the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impact on GBV incidence in Peruvian, determine the physical violence prevalence and its associated factors among GBV victims.

Methods: We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the GBV weekly incidence by fitting an autoregressive integrated moving average model. Additionally, we assessed the physical violence prevalence and its associated factors by fitting a multivariate Poisson regression model with a link log and robust variance.

Results: We analyzed 588,587 cases of women victims of GBV and calculated an annual GBV incidence of 518, 714, 958, 596, and 846 cases per 100,000 women during the years 2017-2021, respectively. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the observed GBV weekly incidence went significantly below the forecasted GBV weekly incidence since 2021. Overall, most GBV cases were of middle to high-risk (76%), regular (75%), and verbal (82%) violence. Most victims were single (81%), rural (75%), mothers with children (60%), who did not complete high school (54%). Most aggressors were men (81%), paid workers (77%), had completed high school education (63%), and partner of their victims (58%). Around 44% of the victims suffered physical violence and its main associated factors were aggressor’s school education (adjusted prevalence ratio = 0.89; 95% confidence interval: 0.88-0.89), aggressor’s age <40 years old (1.30; 1.29-1.30), aggressor’s paid job (0.99; 0.98-0.99), prior violence report (1.27; 1.26-1.27), victim’s age <40 years old (1.23; 1.22-1.24), and victim non-Peruvian citizenship (1.04; 1.01-1.07).

Conclusions: GBV is endemic in Peru, but the COVID-19 pandemic reduced its burden significantly in 2020-2021. Several characteristics of the cases, victims, and aggressors have changed over time, offering new opportunities for implementing interventions to address this social problem.
Estimating the epidemiology of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in the UK: what do we know and what are we missing?
Authors: Campbell Cori , Wang Tingyan , Burrow Rebekah , Mandal Sema , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Barnes Eleanor , Matthews Philippa C
Published: August 2022

Background: HBV is the leading global cause of cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. However, the UK HBV population has not been well characterised, and estimates of UK HBV prevalence and/or incidence vary widely between sources. We summarised datasets that are available to represent UK CHB epidemiology, considering differences between sources, and discussing deficiencies in current estimates.

Methods: We searched for estimates of CHB case numbers in the UK (incorporating incidence and/or prevalence-like data) across a range of available sources, including UK-wide reports from government bodies, publications from independent bodies (including medical charities and non-governmental organisations) and articles in peer-reviewed scientific journals to collate estimated positivity rates. An alternative proxy for population prevalence was obtained via the UK antenatal screening programme which achieves over 95% coverage of pregnant women.

Results: We identified six CHB case number estimates, of which three reported information concerning population subgroups, including number of infected individuals across age, sex and ethnicity categories. Estimates among sources reporting prevalence varied from 0.27% to 0.73%, congruent with an estimated antenatal CHB prevalence of <0.5%. 

Discussion: Estimates varied by sources of error, bias and missingness, data linkage, and substantial “blind spots” in consistent testing and registration of HBV diagnoses. The HBV burden in the UK is likely to be concentrated in vulnerable populations who may not be well represented in existing datasets including those experiencing socioeconomic deprivation, ethnic minorities, people experiencing homelessness and people born in high-prevalence countries. Together, these factors could lead to either under- or over-estimation of overall prevalence, and additional efforts are required to provide estimates that best reflect the whole population.  Multi-parameter evidence synthesis and back-calculation model methods similar to those used to generate estimates of HCV ad HIV population-wide prevalence may be applicable to HBV.
Solving Stochastic Optimization with Expectation Constraints Efficiently by a Stochastic Augmented Lagrangian-Type Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Liwei , Zhang Yule , Wu Jia , Xiao Xiantao
Published: August 2022

This paper considers the problem of minimizing a convex expectation function with a set of inequality convex expectation constraints. We propose a stochastic augmented Lagrangian-type algorithm—namely, the stochastic linearized proximal method of multipliers—to solve this convex stochastic optimization problem. This algorithm can be roughly viewed as a hybrid of stochastic approximation and the traditional proximal method of multipliers. Under mild conditions, we show that this algorithm exhibits [Formula: see text] expected convergence rates for both objective reduction and constraint violation if parameters in the algorithm are properly chosen, where K denotes the number of iterations. Moreover, we show that, with high probability, the algorithm has a [Formula: see text] constraint violation bound and [Formula: see text] objective bound. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is efficient.

History: Accepted byAntonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis ofAlgorithms—Continuous.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 11971089, 11731013, 12071055, and 11871135].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplementary Information [ https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1228 ] or is available from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC ) at http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6818229 .
Çocukluk çağı başlangıçlı multipl skleroz hastalarında öz yeterlilik ve sağlıkla ilişkili yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ÖNCEL İbrahim Halil , SOLMAZ Ismail
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the self-efficacy level and health-related quality of life in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) patients.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January-April 2022 at Hacettepe University Department of Pediatric Neurology using The Pediatric Rating of Chronic Illness Self-Efficacy (PRCISE) Scale and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL).
Results: Twenty-nine POMS patients with a median age of 16.4 years (F/M: 20/9) were included in the study. The mean PRCISE Scale score was 101.8±22.4 and the mean PedsQL score was 66.5±16.2. Both scores were lower than previously reported in the literature.
Conclusion: Lower self-efficacy and HRQoL levels might be attributed to fatigue which is common in POMS. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life should be addressed in patients with POMS.
Facilitators and barriers to delivering an optimal specialist service: an example from cleft lip and/or palate care
Authors: Stock Nicola Marie , Zucchelli Fabio , Hammond Vanessa , Hudson Nichola , Sell Debbie
Published: August 2022

Background/Aims

Despite published standards of care, inequities and variations in specialist care delivery in the UK have been identified. Using cleft lip and palate services as an example, this study aims to identify potential facilitators and common barriers to delivering an optimal specialist service.

Methods

Individual interviews were conducted with 50 specialist clinicians, representing all 16 NHS cleft lip and palate services in the UK. Responses were analysed thematically.

Results

A range of barriers to optimal care were identified, including working within a restrictive medical model, declining resources and an insufficient evidence base. To facilitate optimal care delivery, participants described a need to share best practice, partner with academics to demonstrate service effectiveness, use technology in clinic and authentically integrate patient-centred care.

Conclusions

Commissioners need to work more closely with specialist teams to ensure that resources are allocated based on need, with the view of optimising service delivery and patient outcomes.
Patterns of injury and treatment for distal radius fractures at a major trauma centre
Authors: Francis Jonathan L. , Battle Joseph M. , Hardman John , Anakwe Raymond E.
Published: August 2022

Aims

Fractures of the distal radius are common, and form a considerable proportion of the trauma workload. We conducted a study to examine the patterns of injury and treatment for adult patients presenting with distal radius fractures to a major trauma centre serving an urban population.

Methods

We undertook a retrospective cohort study to identify all patients treated at our major trauma centre for a distal radius fracture between 1 June 2018 and 1 May 2021. We reviewed the medical records and imaging for each patient to examine patterns of injury and treatment. We undertook a binomial logistic regression to produce a predictive model for operative fixation or inpatient admission.

Results

Overall, 571 fractures of the distal radius were treated at our centre during the study period. A total of 146 (26%) patients required an inpatient admission, and 385 surgical procedures for fractures of the distal radius were recorded between June 2018 and May 2021. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall from a height of one metre or less. Of the total fractures, 59% (n = 337) were treated nonoperatively, and of those patients treated with surgery, locked anterior-plate fixation was the preferred technique (79%; n = 180).

Conclusion

The epidemiology of distal radius fractures treated at our major trauma centre replicated the classical bimodal distribution described in the literature. Patient age, open fractures, and fracture classification were factors correlated with the decision to treat the fracture operatively. While most fractures were treated nonoperatively, locked anterior-plate fixation remains the predominant method of fixation for fractures of the distal radius; this is despite questions and continued debate about the best method of surgical fixation for these injuries. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(8):623–627.
EVALUATION OF A BUILDING LIFE CYCLE COST (LCC) CRITERIA IN EGYPT USING THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: El Hadidi Omia , Meshref Ahmed , El‐Dash Karim , Basiouny Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Recently, life cycle cost (LCC) has gained a wide acceptance in the field of industrial building construction, where it is categorized under economic sustainability in the overall sustainability of buildings. Hence, it is necessary to think about the categories and criteria that affect the building’s cost over its lifespan. In this study, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), a multi-criteria decision-making methodology, is employed to evaluate and weight four categories which are building blocks of the LCC of industrial building construction. The assessment model applies seventeen criteria which are distributed under the following four categories:  initial cost, operating or maintenance cost, environmental impact cost, and the end of life. These are evaluated by thirty-seven civilian experts responding to a pair wise questionnaire. The results are significant as they reflect the viewpoints of the civilian experts and can aid in the development of a building's economic sustainability by illuminating the impact factors of the life cycle cost of buildings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to handle criteria evaluation of LCC for sustainable building using the AHP multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology.
Multi-color flow cytometer with PIC-based structured illumination
Authors: Tabatabaei Mashayekh Alireza , Von Schoeler Katharina , Ackermann Manuel , Klos Thomas , Geuzebroek Douwe , Klein Edwin , Veenstra Theo , Dekker Ronald , Merget Florian , Leisching Patrick , Büscher Martin , Witzens Jeremy
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a flow cytometer in which structured light illumination is used to attribute fluorescent and scattering signals to their excitation wavelength. A suitable multi-color light source emitting structured illumination patterns at 405, 488, 561 and 640 nm is developed based on a silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit and cytometry experiments are conducted with calibration beads. Performance metrics of the novel cytometer are compared with those of a mature, commercial device. While the experimental device still features a slightly higher sensitivity floor than the commercial one, all but the most weakly stained beads can be categorized. These promising results validate the feasibility of the proposed concept.
Label-free hematology analysis method based on defocusing phase-contrast imaging under illumination of 415 nm light
Authors: Chen Duan , Li Ning , Liu Xiuli , Zeng Shaoqun , Lv Xiaohua , Chen Li , Xiao Yuwei , Hu Qinglei
Published: August 2022

Label-free imaging technology is a trending way to simplify and improve conventional hematology analysis by bypassing lengthy and laborious staining procedures. However, the existing methods do not well balance system complexity, data acquisition efficiency, and data analysis accuracy, which severely impedes their clinical translation. Here, we propose defocusing phase-contrast imaging under the illumination of 415 nm light to realize label-free hematology analysis. We have verified that the subcellular morphology of blood components can be visualized without complex staining due to the factor that defocusing can convert the second-order derivative distribution of samples’ optical phase into intensity and the illumination of 415 nm light can significantly enhance the contrast. It is demonstrated that the defocusing phase-contrast images for the five leucocyte subtypes can be automatically discriminated by a trained deep-learning program with high accuracy (the mean F1 score: 0.986 and mean average precision: 0.980). Since this technique is based on a regular microscope, it simultaneously realizes low system complexity and high data acquisition efficiency with remarkable quantitative analysis ability. It supplies a label-free, reliable, easy-to-use, fast approach to simplifying and reforming the conventional way of hematology analysis.
Silicon Nitride Process for Mode-Orthogonal MEMS-Tunable Photonic Devices
Authors: Abebe Nathnael S. , Pai Sunil , Broaddus Payton , Hwang Rebecca L. , Miao Yu , Solgaard Olav
Published: August 2022

We report a silicon-photonics process for MEMS-tunable phase shifters that leverages orthogonal optical modes. A phase shifter with -0.63dB insertion loss and π phase shift and a preliminary tunable directional coupler are demonstrated.
1D Beam Steering by a Waveguide-Integrated MEMS Cantilever in the Visible Spectrum
Authors: Azadeh Saeed Sharif , Mak Jason C. C. , Chen Hong , Luo Xianshu , Chen Fu-Der , Chua Hongyao , Lo Guo Qiang , Sacher Wesley D. , Poon Joyce K. S.
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate one-dimensional beam steering in the visible spectrum using an electro-thermally actuated waveguide-integrated MEMS cantilever. A 24° scan range, 29 mW power consumption, and resonant scan rate of 4.74kHz were achieved at a fixed wavelength.
Large scale programmable photonic circuits using silicon photonic MEMS
Authors: Khan Umar , Zand Iman , Edinger Pierre , Jo Gaehun , Bleiker Simon J. , Takabayashi Alain Yuji , Antony Cleitus , Lee Junsu , Malik Arun Kumar , Verheyen Peter , Arce Cristina Lerma , Jonuzi Tigers , Watte Jan , Quack Niels , Niklaus Frank , Gylfason Kristinn B. , Bogaerts Wim
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate low-power and non-volatile MEMS actuators on an industrially established silicon photonics platform. The compact electrostatically actuated phase shifters and tunable couplers enable large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits.
Distributed Bragg Reflector Lasers at 689.45 nm for Sr Spectroscopy
Authors: Goossen-Schmidt Nora , Pyrlik Christoph , Hassan Muhammad Tehwar , Bawamia Ahmad , Fricke Jörg , Knigge Andrea , Maaßdorf Andre , Schiemangk Max , Wenzel Hans , Wicht Andreas
Published: August 2022

We present distributed Bragg reflector lasers optimized for strontium-based quantum technology applications at 689.449 nm. The devices achieved optical output powers up to 88 mW, four times more than previously reported, and a spectral linewidth of 0.4MHz.
Laser writing of single photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Cha Myungjun , Yoon Taewoong , Park Sungjun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Kim Dohun , Choi Hyunyong
Published: August 2022

We create single photon emitters in hexagonal boron nitride using a femtosecond laser and subsequent thermal annealing. Photoluminescence and photon anti-bunching measurements of generated bright spots clearly show that these are the single photon emitters.
Smart Biolaser Array for Amyloidogenesis and Drug Screening Analysis
Authors: Chan Kok Ken , Shang Lin-Wei , Chen Yu-Cheng
Published: August 2022

A smart biological microlaser array was developed through inkjet-printing process, where lasing spectra and images were employed for in vitro amyloidogenesis and drug screening. This work could pave the way for high-throughput laser analysis of neurological diseases.
High-throughput optofluidic nanoplasmonic biosensor array for monitoring single-cell secretion in real-time
Authors: Liu Yen-Cheng , Ansaryan Saeid , Li Xiaokang , Arvelo Eduardo R. , Altug Hatice
Published: August 2022

We report a high-throughput biosensing microarray platform integrating ultrasensitive nanoplasmonic substrate and microwell compartments for label-free and real-time secretome monitoring. Interleukin-2 from hundreds of single EL4 cells were measured and a statistical analysis was done.
3D scanning quantum LIDAR
Authors: Staffas Theodor , Brunzell Martin , Gyger Samuel , Schweickert Lucas , Steinhauer Stephan , Zwiller Val
Published: August 2022

Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) is a powerful imaging technique. By utilising a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) we construct a 3D scanning LIDAR system operating with eye-safe infrared laser pulses and millimeter precision.
Stretched Noise-like Pulse for High-Resolution Laser Ranging
Authors: Sun Yixiang , Liu Yusong , Fan Cunzheng , Liu Haoguang , Huang Siyun , Shi Zhengxuan , Yan Zhijun , Sun Qizhen
Published: August 2022

We reported a high-resolution laser ranging method utilizing the noise-like pulse stretched by the dispersive Fourier transform technique. The experimental results demonstrated a 1-cm spatial resolution within 2.861m range.
Demonstration of range-resolved detection of stable water isotopologues by differential absorption lidar
Authors: Hamperl Jonas , Dherbecourt Jean-Baptiste , Raybaut Myriam , Totems Julien , Santagata Rosa , Melkonian Jean-Michel , Godard Antoine , Chazette Patrick , Flamant Cyrille
Published: August 2022

We present range-resolved measurements of the stable water isotopologues H216O and HD16O in the lower troposphere enabled by a ground-based differential absorption lidar based on a high-energy parametric laser source.
Using a Camera Based Imaging Lidar to Detect Temporal Distributions of Boundary Layer Aerosols in The Bahamas
Authors: Kabir Amin , Sharma Nimmi , Barnes John , Gagnon Seth , Alcantara-Silva Marcus , Knowles Edward
Published: August 2022

A wide-angle camera based imaging lidar was used to measure altitude dependent aerosol single angle side scattering. Aerosol extinction was derived for several continuous hours to monitor spatial and temporal distributions of boundary layer aerosols.
Investigation of the Impact of CaCO3 Concentrations on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Polypropylene
Authors: Wohlschläger Maximilian , Versen Martin , Laforsch Christian
Published: August 2022

The impact of fillers on the fluorescence lifetime of polymers is still unknown. Investigating polypropylene containing different CaCO3 concentrations using FD-FLIM show an exponential increase in fluorescence lifetime proportional to the CaCO3 density in polypropylene.
445 nm Laser-Induced Fluorescence monitoring of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in Honey
Authors: Huzortey Andrew Atiogbe , Anderson Benjamin , Ntow Jonathan , Sackey Samuel Sonko , Combey Rofela , Adu Joseph Kwasi , Amuah Charles Lloyd Yeboah , Kwapong Peter Kofi , Owusu Alfred
Published: August 2022

Rapid monitoring of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in honey remains a challenge. This work has demonstrated using 445 nm Laser-Induced Fluorescence spectroscopy technique to monitor honey’s HMF, detecting up to ~40 mg/kg HMF with good accuracy.
Spatial Heterodyne Offset Raman Spectroscopy for materials’ interfaces with high sensitivity
Authors: Cui Han , Paterson Cameron , Glidle Andrew , Cooper Jonathan M.
Published: August 2022

Spatial Heterodyne Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SHORS) integrating Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) with a fiber-coupled spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) to enable a high sensitivity, ‘on-the-fly’ and movement-free deeper detection method for biomaterial models.
Ultra-Low Power and Scalable Programmable Silicon Photonic MEMS
Authors: Han Sangyoon , Yu Kyoungsik , Kim Dong U. , Jeong Youngjae , Kim Do Y. , Park Young J.
Published: August 2022

We have experimentally demonstrated feedforward and recirculating FPPGAs with MEMS-tunable elements. The static power of the elements is less than 50 nW, and energy required to change the state of the actuator is 8 pJ.
Large-scale synthetic frequency dimension optical computing using integrated acousto-optic modulator
Authors: Zhao Han , Li Bingzhao , Li Huan , Li Mo
Published: August 2022

We show the large-scale, complex-valued matrix-vector multiplications on synthetic frequency lattices with an ultra-efficient, silicon-based cavity acousto-optic modulator. With the strong electro-optomechanical coupling, we achieve, full-range phase-coherent frequency conversions in a single modulator.(/p)(p)Comments and questions should be directed to the Optica Conference Papers staff (tel: +1 202.416.6191, e-mail: cstech@optica.org).
Scrambled Time-Bin Encoding for Efficient High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Sulimany Kfir , Dudkiewicz Rom , Korenblit Simcha , Eisenberg Hagai S. , Bromberg Yaron , Ben-Or Michael
Published: August 2022

We propose analyze and demonstrate a novel high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol. We implement the protocol using a software update in a standard two-dimensional system and observe a twofold enhancement in the secure key rate.
Four-Channel Parallel Broadband Quantum Entropy Source for True Random Number Generation at 100 Gbps
Authors: Tanizawa Ken , Kato Kentaro , Futami Fumio
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a spatially-multiplexed quantum entropy source with a low-loss 1×8 Silica PLC splitter. Four-channel quantum randomness with 4-GHz/ch bandwidth, based on vacuum fluctuations, is generated, and random bits at 100 Gbps are extracted offline.
Weak and strong field control of valley polarization in WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Hashmi Arqum , Yamada Shunsuke , Yamada Atsushi , Yabana Kazuhiro , Otobe Tomohito
Published: August 2022

We theoretically demonstrate the control of valley pseudospin in WSe2 monolayer by single-cycle linearly polarized laser pulse. The asymmetric electric field controlled by the carrier-envelope phase is used to induce the valley polarization.