bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A procedure for stable electrical measurements on a rock sample against high contact resistance as a prerequisite for electrical tomography
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Yoshimura Ryokei , Yamazaki Ken'ichi , Oshiman Naoto
Published: February 2021

As a basis for the electrical tomography of laboratory-scale rock samples (~ 10 cm), we developed a procedure for stable, multi-point, electrical measurement on rock samples that is effective even at high contact and sample resistance. Electrodes were strongly attached to the surface of high-resistivity rock using conductive and adhesive epoxy. Sustained current injection for long periods into high-resistance rocks was fulfilled using a constant direct current source with high internal resistance. Accurate voltage measurement across the high-resistance rock was accomplished by differential measurement using two high input resistance voltmeters. Measurements of high resistance also require a stable measurement environment: the temperature and humidity in the laboratory were controlled using an air conditioner, a humidifier, a dehumidifier, and a vinyl tent. Signal noise arising from human activities was eliminated by the remote operation of the measuring equipment and switching terminal. The proposed measurement procedure was evaluated in terms of the stability and accuracy of measured values and its applicability to electrical tomography. To assess measurement stability, we performed multiple measurements of a dry granite sample at various levels of absolute humidity. Our procedure recorded highly reproducible measurements under each humidity condition. The observed changes in measured values with absolute humidity indicate the importance of stabilising the temperature and humidity conditions in the laboratory. Applying our technique to multiple plastic samples with known resistivity confirmed its accuracy. To evaluate its applicability to electrical tomography, we measured the potential distribution on a dry granite surface in response to an injected current using a simple 40-electrode array. The potential distribution measured by our procedure agreed well with that predicted by forward modelling, demonstrating the robustness of our procedure in array measurements, and thus indicating its potential applicability to tomographic measurements for a variety of targets even under severe conditions including the relative dryness of ambient humidity.
Innovation risk management in financial institutions
Authors: Mishchenko Svitlana , Naumenkova Svitlana , Mishchenko Volodymyr , Dorofeiev Dmytro
Published: February 2021

The extensive use of financial technologies and innovations in the provision and utilization of financial products and services causes new risks that require constant attention. The article aims to improve innovation risk management methods to increase the operational stability of financial institutions in Ukraine. By generalizing international practice, the types of innovation risks are classified, and their impact on the activities of financial institutions and consumers is characterized. The attention is drawn to the control strengthening over the impact of operational and regulatory risks, based on important theoretical provisions contained in WBG, BIS, BCBS, and FSB documents. An organizational scheme for the interaction of a financial institution and an IT company is proposed to conclude “smart contracts” based on the use of a cloud service and blockchain technology. The authors propose additional methods of insurance protection and compensation for losses caused by the implementation of risks of using ICT and innovation based on creating the Collective Risk Insurance Fund of financial institutions; offer approaches to the calculation of variable and fixed parts of the contribution to the insurance fund for certain groups of financial institutions. It is concluded that to maintain the proper operational stability of financial institutions in Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce additional collective compensation methods for the risks of innovation and the strengthening of cyber threats.
Effects of process parameters on the degradation of high salinity industrial wastewater
Authors: Li Zhishen , Gao Xiaolei , Miao Dongtian , Yang Wanlin , Xie Yuanquan , Ma Li , Wei Qiuping
Published: February 2021

High salinity wastewater is characterized by high salt content, a large number of organic pollutants and difficulty in biochemical degradation, which has become a major problem in industrial wastewater treatment. In this article, the electrochemical oxidation technology was used to treat high salinity wastewater. The effects of temperature, current density, pH and additives on the removal effect of high salinity wastewater were investigated to optimize the process parameters. The results show that the best degradation effect is when the current density is 21.43 mA cm−2, pH = 2, the temperature is 60 °C, and electric field activates additional persulfate. After purification of high salt wastewater, the evaporated salt can be utilized as a resource. The industrial cost of degradation was estimated, and its economic benefits were calculated. This work will provide a theoretical and experimental basis for treating high salt wastewater by boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrochemical degradation technology.
Historical evolution of urban water conservancy projects in Xi'an, China in the past 3,000 years and its revelations
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chai Junrui , Xu Zengguang , Wang Yixuan , Wei Kewu , Dang Yungang
Published: February 2021

Xi'an has a special historical position in ancient China, and it has made great achievements in water conservancy projects in all dynasties. The water network skeleton formed mainly by the ‘Eight Waters’ in the territory, along with the historical changes of Xi'an, has experienced the Lantian ape-man ‘living by the water’, the Western Zhou Fenghao ‘two capitals along the Fenghe River’, and the Qin Xianyang city ‘capital passed by Weihe river’. Developments and changes such as the ‘diversion of water to develop the capital’ in Chang'an in the Western Han Dynasty, the ‘capital be ringed by eight rivers’ in Chang'an in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, ‘reduced water’ from the end of the Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, and the ‘coordinated supply’ after the founding of the People's Republic of China. After sorting out the system, it is believed that the ‘Eight Waters’ in the territory are the original driving force for the flourishing Chang'an in history. From ancient times to the present, with the development of industry, there has been a trend that human settlements and rivers are farther away. Urban water supply has shifted from groundwater sources to surface water sources. This article investigates the evolution of water conservancy projects in Xi'an from the Paleolithic Age to the present, and studies the relationship between human production and life and water resources. The changing law and development trend of the water supply structure in Xi'an urban area in modern times are analyzed. We have summarized the enlightenment left to us by the practice of water conservancy projects for thousands of years. This paper provides references for the development and planning of water resources in similar cities.
An experimental study on the use of a sequencing-batch membrane bioreactor (SBMBR) for the treatment of mixed municipal wastewater
Authors: Gao Yulan , Yang Jie , Song Xinwei , Shen Dongmei , Wang Wanfen , Zhang Weimin , Jiang Jichao
Published: February 2021

Several water treatment techniques have been combined using the sequencing batch reactor with the membrane bioreactor for addressing water pollution. However, cleaning of the membrane is dependent on the approach involved as well as the operating conditions. In the present study, the sequencing-batch membrane bioreactor was used to treat real mixed municipal wastewater. The pollutant removal and membrane filtration performances were examined. The results show that the average removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, NH3-N, total phosphorus, and turbidity were 90.75, 63.52, 92.85, 87.58, and 99.48%, respectively, when the system was in continuous operation for 95 days. The membrane had a significant effect on COD and turbidity removal and provided stable performances for nitrogen and phosphorus removal. By observing the appearance of the membrane modules before and after the cleaning operation, it was concluded that the deposited sludge and granular sediment on the membrane surface can be effectively removed by hydraulic cleaning. In addition, recovery of membrane filtration performance to 60% of that of a new membrane can be achieved. Furthermore, we found that different sequences and duration of cleaning have different effects on the recovery of membrane filtration performance.
Prevalence of Non-coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Familial Hypercholesterolemia: An Analysis from the HELLAS-FH
Authors: Anagnostis Panagiotis , Rizos Christos V. , Skoumas Ioannis , Rallidis Loukianos , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Skalidis Emmanuel , Kotsis Vasileios , Doumas Michalis , Kolovou Genovefa , Sfikas George , Bilianou Eleni , Koutagiar Iosif , Agapakis Dimitrios , Zacharis Evangelos , Antza Christina , Koumaras Charalambos , Boutari Chrysoula , Liamis George , Liberopoulos Evangelos N.
Published: February 2021

Aims:

Despite the established link between familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and increased risk of
coronary heart disease (CHD), its association with other common atherosclerotic and metabolic diseases has
not been extensively studied. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease
(PAD) [i.e., common carotid artery disease (CCAD) and lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD)], aortic valve
stenosis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with FH.

Materials & Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study retrieving data from the Hellenic Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Registry (HELLAS-FH).

Results:

A total of 1,633 adult patients (850 males) with heterozygous FH (HeFH) were included (mean age
51.3±14.6 years at registration and 44.3±15.9 years at diagnosis). Any common carotid artery stenosis (CCAS)
was diagnosed in 124 out of 569 patients with available related data (21.8%), while the prevalence of CCAD
(defined as a CCAS ≥50%) was 4.2%. The median (interquartile range - IQR) CCAS was 30% (20-40),
whereas the median (IQR) carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was 0.7 (0.1-1.4) mm. LEAD was reported
in 44 patients (prevalence 2.7%). The prevalence of aortic valve stenosis and CKD was 2.0% and 6.4%, respectively.
NAFLD was present in 24% of study participants.

Conclusions:

HeFH is associated with a relatively high prevalence of any CCAS and CCAD. The prevalence
of LEAD, CKD and aortic valve stenosis was relatively low, whereas the prevalence of NAFLD was similar to
that of the general population.
Chagas Disease Chemotherapy: What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Zuma Aline A. , de Souza Wanderley
Published: February 2021

Chagas disease is a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), and although it is endemic in Latin America,
it affects around 6-7 million people worldwide. The treatment of Chagas disease is based on benznidazole and
nifurtimox, which are the only available drugs. However, they are not effective during the chronic phase and
cause several side effects. Furthermore, BZ promotes cure in 80% of the patients in the acute phase, but the
cure rate drops to 20% in adults in the chronic phase of the disease. In this review, we present several studies
published in the last six years, which describe the antiparasitic potential of distinct drugs, from the synthesis of
new compounds, aiming to target the parasite, as well as the repositioning and the combination of drugs. We
highlight several compounds that have shown equivalency or superiority to BZ, which means that they should
be further studied, either in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, we highlight the differences in the effects of BZ on
the same strain of T. cruzi, which might be related to methodological differences, such as parasite and cell ratios,
host cell type, and the time of adding the drug. In addition, we discussed the wide variety of strains and also
the cell types used as host cells, making it difficult to compare the trypanocidal effect of the compounds.
Asymmetric Zinc Catalysis in Green One-pot Processes
Authors: Pellissier Hélène
Published: February 2021

This review collects for the first time enantioselective one-pot processes promoted by green chiral zinc catalysts. It illustrates how much these cheap, non-toxic and environmentally benign catalysts allow unprecedented asymmetric domino and tandem reactions of many types to be achieved, allowing direct access to a wide variety of very complex chiral molecules.
A Label-Free Fluorescent AND Logic Gate Aptasensor for Carbohydrate
Antigen 15-3 Detection Based on Graphene Oxide
Authors: Hu Wenxiao , Dong Yafei , Wang Luhui , Wang Yue , Qian Mengyao , Xi Sunfan
Published: February 2021

Background:

Molecular logic gate always makes use of fluorescent dyes to realize
fluorescence signals. The labeling of the fluorophore is relatively expensive, resulting in low yield,
and singly labeled impurities affect the affinity between the target and the aptamer. Label-free
fluorescent aptamer biosensor strategy has attracted widespread interest due to lower cost and
simplicity.

Objective:

Herein, we have designed an AND logic gate fluorescent aptasensor for detecting
carbohydrate antigen 15-3(CA15-3) based on label-free fluorescence signal output.

Materials and Methods:

A hairpin DNA probe consists of CA15-3 aptamer and partly anti-CA15-
3 aptamer sequences as a long stem and G-rich sequences of the middle ring as a quadruplexforming
oligomer. G-rich sequences can fold into a quadruplex by K+, and then G-quadruplex
interacts specifically with N-methylmesoporphyrin IX(NMM), leading to a dramatic increase in
fluorescence of NMM. With CA15-3 and NMM as the two inputs, the fluorescence intensity of the
NMM is the output signal. Lacking CA15-3 or NMM, there is no significant fluorescence
enhancement, and the output of the signal is “0”. The fluorescence signal dramatically increases
and the output of the signal is “1” only when CA15-3 protein and NMM are added at the same
time.

Results:

This biosensor strategy was observed to possess selectivity and high sensitivity for detecting
CA15-3 protein from 10 to 500 U mL-1 and the detection limit was found to be 10 U mL-1, which also
showed good reproducibility in spiked human serum.

Conclusion:

In summary, the proposed AND logic gate fluorescent aptasensor could specifically
detect CA15-3.
The Role of Non-coding Genome in Cancer-associated Fibroblasts; Stateof- the-Art and Perspectives in Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Shabgah Arezoo G. , Mohammadi Hamed , Goleij Pouya , Hedayati-Moghadam Mahdiyeh , Salmaninejad Arash , Navashenaq Jamshid G.
Published: February 2021

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are senescent fibroblasts in tumor nest, which trigger
a signaling center to remodel a desmoplastic tumor niche. CAF’s functions in cancer are closely
similar to myofibroblasts during the wound healing process. They can produce cytokines, enzymes,
and protein- or RNA-containing exosomes to alter the function of surrounding cells. Non--
coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, modulate pathologic mechanisms
in cancer. Dysregulation of these RNAs influences the formation and function of CAFs. Furthermore,
it has been demonstrated that CAFs, by releasing non-coding RNAs-containing exosomes,
affect the tumor cells’ behavior. CAFs also secrete mediators such as chemokines to alter
the expression of non-coding RNAs in the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to discuss
the role of non-coding RNAs in CAF development in cancer. Additionally, we have shed light on
the therapeutic approaches to develop the strategies based on the alteration of non-coding RNAs in
cancer.
Immunological Impact of Whey Protein on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Mizubuti Yani G.G. , Correia Maria I.T.D. , da Silva Thales A. , de Vasconcelos Generoso Simone , Teixeira Antônio L. , Lima Agnaldo S. , Vieira Érica L.M.
Published: February 2021

Background:

Recent in vitro studies point to the immune properties of milk proteins.

Objective:

To investigate the immunomodulating properties of whey protein isolate (WHEY) compared
to those of casein (CAS) on peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) death and supernatant
cytokine levels in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients and healthy individuals.

Method:

The role of WHEY on the immune cells was evaluated under-stimulated and non-stimulated
conditions to determine cellular death and cytokine production, post-exposure with 40, 400 or
4.000 μg mL-1 of WHEY or CAS. Flow cytometry was used to identify the monocyte and lymphocyte
population. Cytokines were measured from the supernatants of 24 hour-old PBMC cultures.

Results:

Compared to CAS, WHEY significantly decreased lymphocyte death at 4.000 μg mL-1 in
both groups of individuals with no effects on the monocyte population regardless of the group. At
the same concentration (4.000 μg mL-1), WHEY increased TNF and IL-10 cytokine levels in the stimulated
PBMC supernatant from CLD patients.

Conclusion:

Compared to CAS, WHEY exerted immunomodulating effects in CLD patients. A
similar response may be anticipated for other pathological conditions in which high stress and immune
dysfunction are present.
18F-labeled Bisphosphonate as an Alternative Candidate to the Gold Standard[18F]sodium fluoride ([18F]NaF) for PET Bone Imaging
Authors: Hassan Hishar , Othman Muhammad Faiz , Razak Hairil Rashmizal Abdul
Published: February 2021

Bone metastases are a common source of malignancy in the skeleton and occur much more often than primary bone cancer. Several works were being performed to identify early markers for bone metastasis and novel drug targets to improve patients' quality of life. As some concerns exist with the [18F]sodiumfluoridein positron emission tomography (PET) bone imaging, there has been an increase in the number of targeted radiopharmaceutical markers for bone metastases imaging in its competitor, 68Ga. Since 18F properties are superior to those of 68Ga, there is a distinct motivation for developing 18F radiopharmaceuticals for bone metastases imaging.
Investigation of the Structural, Thermal and Morphological Properties of Nanocellulose Synthesised from Pineapple Leaves and Sugarcane Bagasse
Authors: Sainorudin Muhammad Hanif , Abdullah Nur Athirah , Rani Mohd Saiful Asmal , Mohammad Masita , Abd Kadir Nurul Huda , Razali Halim , Asim Nilofar , Yaakob Zahira
Published: February 2021

Background:

Nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs), also known as nanocelluloses derived from natural renewable resources, have elicited much interest from researchers. The annual local agricultural residues of pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse are abundant and must be used properly. The detailed comparative analysis of chemical, physical and thermal properties conducted in this work demonstrates that several types of agro-waste can be utilised economically and reasonably for various applications.

Methods:

NCCs were successfully isolated by the pre-treatment (alkaline and bleaching) and acid hydrolysis of pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse. The structural, crystallinity, morphological and thermal properties, were evaluated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).

Results:

The FTIR spectra revealed an extensive removal of hemicellulose and lignin from the extracted NCC. Morphological investigations conducted through TEM revealed that the NCC nanostructure had a needle-like shape, whereas SEM showed an irregular rod-like shape. The XRD pattern proved the crystallinity of the isolated NCC from both samples. The crystallinity indices of NCC from pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse were 76.38% and 74.60%, respectively. NCC’s thermal stability increased in both samples at different purification stages.

Conclusion:

Pineapple leaves and sugarcane bagasse can be the industry’s primary source of raw materials and a possible alternative for costly and non-renewable materials. The use of NCCs from these agro-waste forms is beneficial and can provide considerable biomass to the agricultural industry with nano-energy-based markets.
Recent Innovations in Nano Container-Based Self-Healing Coatings in the Construction Industry
Authors: Thakur Abhinay , Kaya Savas , Kumar Ashish
Published: February 2021

:

Globally, the maintenance and repair of infrastructure cost billions of dollars and impact the day-to-day life of people. Corrosion of infrastructure and metals used in the manufacture of goods and supplies is a major cause of deterioration in the construction industry. Nanocontainerbased self-healing coatings attract enormous scientific attention as they offer a wide range of applications in conjunction with long-lasting inhibition performance. These coatings prevent the rate of crack progression by releasing active agents from micro/nanocontainers in a controllable manner and heal crack, thereby mitigating corrosion. The potential of such coatings to heal local damage induced by climatic causes or by mechanical damage is a significant contributing factor to their desirability. This review is a comprehensive analysis of nanocontainers used to manufacture self-healing anticorrosive coatings as well as explains their self-healing mechanism. The technique used to develop nanocontainers such as layer-by-layer assembly of layered double hydroxide has been clarified. An attempt has also been made to cover the latest developments in the manufacture of nanocontainermediated self-healing corrosion coatings used in several construction industries.
Hydrogel: An Encouraging Nanocarrier System for the Delivery of Herbal Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Wahab Shadma , Ahmad Irfan , Irfan Safia , Ahmad Md. Faruque , Usmani Shazia , Shoaib Ambreen , Ahmad Wasim
Published: February 2021

Herbal medicine is a significant component of traditional medicine and has been a part of
the treatment of many diseases. Asian people are using herbal medicines for decades. Still, the therapeutic
efficacy and pharmaceutical application of herbal extracts encounter difficulties associated
with many factors, such as poor bioavailability, low solubility, permeability and lack of targeting
potential. Hydrogels are a hydrophilic polymeric network and able to permeate a significant volume
of fluids. Hydrogels are biologically compatible and can allow for the sustained release of drugs.
These have thus attracted the attention of extensive pharmaceutical formulation studies. The present
article first provides a general overview of the hydrogel as a professional nanocarrier. Secondly, the
relationship between hydrogel properties and carrier efficiency deliberation has been discussed. In
the end, the focus is on the latest technological progress over hydrogel-based materials as herbal
medicine carriers. The potential application of hydrogel systems as a carrier for herbal bioactive
delivery has shown remarkable promise. This study would be helpful for researchers in the relevant
field to understand the most recent advancements in the production of hydrogel-based elements as a
vehicle for the delivery of herbal drugs.
An Optimal Combination of Chemically Pure Compounds from Salvia miltiorrhiza
for Inhibiting Cell Proliferation
Authors: Shao Tiemei , Zhang Jing , An Shengjun , Xu Hongjun , Wu Jiangli , Wang Lei , Zhao Wei , Zhou Yongjie , Zhou Luyang , Cui Qingzhuo
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Salvia Miltiorrhiza (SM) is a traditional Chinese medicine used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. Its therapeutic effect has been confirmed by many clinical and pharmacological studies. However, the optimal formulation of active ingredients in SM for treating cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. In this study, we determined the ratio of the optimal compatibility of SM ingredients DSS, Sal-A, Sal-B, and PAL (SABP）with a uniform and orthogonal optimized experimental design. In addition, we determined the anti-oxidation effect of SABP using Adventitial Fibroblasts (AFs).

Methods:

By using a combination of uniform and orthogonal designs, we determined the optimal formulation of aqueous extract from SM. MTT assay was used to determine the inhibitory effects of these 4 components of SM on the AFs, which were isolated and cultured from aorta. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in AFs was compared before and after SABP treatment.

Results:

The optimal formulation of these 4 aqueous extracts from SM were 150︰7︰300︰500, and their concentrations were S(1.5×10-4 mol/L), A(7×10-6 mol/L), B(3×10-4 mol/L), and P(5×10-4 mol/L). There were some synergies between these 4 components. Moreover, SABP decreased ROS production in AFs.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that SABP inhibits the proliferation and oxidation stress in AFs. The present study provides a new evidence that the efficacy and function generated from optimal formulation of active ingredients in SM are better than lyophilized powder of SM.
Recent Advancements in Lignin Valorization and Biomedical Applications:
A Patent Review
Authors: Prasad Vandana , Siddiqui Lubna , Mishra Pawan Kumar , Ekielski Adam , Talegaonkar Sushama
Published: February 2021

Background:

Synthetic polymers present disadvantages such as high cost, limited availability, safety concerns, environmental hazards and overtime accumulation in body. Lignin, an aromatic biopolymer, is highly abundant and offers various advantages including cost effectiveness, biocompatibility and biodegradability. It also possesses various pharmacological activities including antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer and UV protection, thus lignin has become a popular biopolymer in recent years and is no more considered as bio-waste rather an extensive research is been carried out on developing it as drug carrier. Lignin also has non-biomedical applications including dispersing agents, surfactants, detergent/cleaning agents, energy storage, etc.

Methods:

This review compiles patents granted on production of technical lignin, different lignin therapeutic carriers and its biomedical and non-biomedical applications. The literature is collected from recent years including both articles as well as patents and is carefully analyzed and compiled in an easy to comprehend pattern for guiding future research.

Results:

The reviewed patents and articles highlighted the advancement made in lignin isolation and valorization. Numerous lignin nanoformulations as drug delivery agents or as standalone entities with various pharmacological actions like antibacterial, antioxidant or UV protectant have been reported. As well as industrial applications of lignin as adhesives, insulators or supercapacitors have also made lignin a biopolymer of choice.

Conclusion:

Lignin being a bio-inspired polymer has huge potential in commercial applications. New methods of lignin isolation from lignocellulosic biomass including physical pretreatments, solvent fraction, and chemical and biological pretreatment have been widely patented. Several micro/nano lignin formulations with improved and controllable reactivity like nanocontainers, nanocapsules, nanoparticles have also been reported recently. Also various pharmacological properties of lignin have also been explored, thus valorization of lignin is a hot topic of hour.
An Insight to the Toxic Effect of Sulfamerazine on Porcine Pancreatic Amylase and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Malla Avirup , Mukherjee Koel , Mandal Mukulika , Mukherjee Aishwarya , Sur Runa , Gupta Suvroma
Published: February 2021

Background:

Sulfamerazine, a sulfonamide, has been routinely used to treat various bacterial infections, namely Pneumonia, Urinary tract infections, Shigellosis, Bronchitis, Prostatitis, and many more. It interferes with the bacterial folic acid biosynthesis, albeit higher eukaryotes are not susceptible to its action due to the inherent absence of this specific pathway.

Objective:

In spite of its constant use, Sulfamerazine administration evokes serious issues like the development of antibacterial resistance through environmental contamination, although how it affects the eukaryotic system, specifically its target identification, has not been addressed in detail.

Methods:

The source of the cell line, including when and from where it was obtained. Whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. Whether the cell line has recently been tested for mycoplasma contamination. Hela Cells are cultured as per the standard method, amylase and lactate dehydrogenase assay are conducted using a standard procedure with a spectrophotometer. Binding thermodynamics and conformational study have been estimated with isothermal titration calorimetry as well as with docking.

Results:

Experimental observations reveal that Sulfamerazine inhibits porcine pancreatic amylase in a noncompetitive mode (IC50 of 0.96 mM). The binding of the drug to porcine pancreatic amylase is entropy-driven with conformational changes of the protein as indicated by concomitant redshift. It enhances the inhibitory effects of acarbose and cetapin on their in vitro pancreatic amylase activity. It augments lipid peroxidation and promotes lactic acidosis in a dose-dependent manner. Docking studies ensure effective interactions between Sulfamerazine and proteins like lactic dehydrogenase and porcine pancreatic amylase.

Conclusion:

Detailed study is to be conducted to confirm whether the molecular scaffold of Sulfamerazine might serve as an effective repurposed drug acting as a lead molecule to design antidiabetic drugs of future use. Alternatively, it should be prescribed with caution under specific medical situations like diabetes, cancer and hepatic disorders manifesting lactic acidosis to avoid the crisis.
The Limits of Autobiographical Logic. On the Impossibility of Narrating One’s Death
Authors: Mayer Mathias
Published: February 2021

The practice of life writing seems to exclude the incorporation of the writer’s death. How can autobiography come to terms with this blind spot? Are there any strategies that enable the horizon or end of the writer’s life (‘bios’) to be integrated into his or her reflections thereof? How can the impulses that are given within the scope of the writer’s contemplation of her/his transience be characterized – and how are they important for ‘life writing’? This contribution examines the autobiographical works by Saint Augustine, Petrarch, and Fontane to illustrate three different models of how life writing sets out to address the different roles that death – or rather, the awareness of human finitude – plays for the genre.
‘Which I Presume is Permitted, Since We Are Talking About A Writer.’ Lateness, Memory, and Imagination in Literary Autobiography
Authors: Schuh Melissa
Published: February 2021

In Summertime, a fictional biographer, Mr Vincent, conducts interviews with contemporaries of the novelist J.M. Coetzee for a biography of the late author. However, every claim made about the late Coetzee by the characters in Summertime is composed by the author himself, so the hidden, yet obvious presence of the novelist gives the book’s supposedly biographical outlook an autobiographical twist. Summertime’s Coetzee is distinctly both alive and dead. I propose to analyse works such as Summertime as literary autobiographies that employ narrative strategies otherwise found in fiction in order to creatively explore lateness, belatedness, and a sense of ending with regard to their writing life. Performative contradiction, as a deliberate stylistic manifestation of paradoxical contradictions, is a result of such narrative strategies. This enables a portrayal of memory and sincerity in autobiography that acknowledges the fraught nature of these notions. Drawing on autobiographical writing by novelists, such as Coetzee, Philip Roth, and Günter Grass, this article analyses the use of tense and fictionality to create performative contradiction. It shows how the novelist’s memory and imagination engage with the ever-present possibility of death to subvert traditional ideas of lateness as well as perceived limitations to the temporality of autobiographical writing.
The Energy Charter Treaty, Frivolous Claims and the Looming Threat of Investor-state Dispute Settlement: Any Hope from the EU’s Modernisation Proposal?
Authors: Vaaranmaa Oskari
Published: February 2021

The system of investor-state dispute settlement (‘ISDS’) is being increasingly perceived as a hindrance to States’ efforts to regulate against climate change. A potential scenario for this concern is that, as more robust environmental regulation is made, investors who have been adversely impacted in the fossil fuel sector, will threaten to sue States under international investment agreements (‘IIAs’). This is not just a hypothetical concern. Recently, German energy company Uniper has threatened to take legal action against Netherlands for its coal phase out plan. Against this backdrop, contracting parties to the Energy Charter Treaty (‘ECT’), the world’s most widely invoked IIA, are attempting to modernise the ECT to, inter alia, better accommodate States’ right to regulate. Amongst the proposed amendments is the inclusion of a provision on frivolous claims, under which claims that are found to be legally untenable can be summarily dismissed. This paper will put forward the argument that, based on existing jurisprudence on frivolous claims and the European Union’s (‘EU’) proposal, the provision will likely be too weak to effectively address the types of cases that ECT contracting parties are concerned about. In other words, as far as the prevailing line of jurisprudence is concerned, the vast majority of the anticipated cases will be too legally and factually complicated to be addressed on a summary basis. That is unless Tribunals interpreting the modernised ECT make a conscious effort to broaden the provision’s applicability to more complex cases.
The Anticipated Future of Public Health Services Post COVID-19: Viewpoint
Authors: Bashier Haitham , Ikram Aamer , Khan Mumtaz Ali , Baig Mirza , Al Gunaid Magid , Al Nsour Mohannad , Khader Yousef
Published: February 2021

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various public health functions and essential services in different ways and magnitudes. Although all countries have witnessed the effect of COVID-19, the impact differed based on many factors including the integrity and resiliency of the countries’ health systems. This paper presents opinions and expectations of the authors about the anticipated changes in the future of public health at the global, regional, and national levels. The viewpoint is based on the current efforts and challenges that various stakeholders have carried out to control COVID-19 and the contribution from the literature on the future of public health. Numerous agencies and actors are involved in the fight against COVID-19 with variations in their effectiveness. The public health services showed weaknesses in most of the countries, in addition to the lack of adequate curative medicine settings. The pandemic highlighted the need for better governance and stronger and more resilient health systems and capacities. The COVID-19 experience has also emphasized the importance of coordination and collaboration among the countries and stakeholders. The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to a wide discussion to improve international and national approaches to prepare for and respond to similar events in terms of preparedness and response mechanisms and tools. Public health will not be the same as before COVID-19. New health priorities, approaches, and new agendas will be on the table of the global platforms and initiatives. More investment in research and technology to meet the demand for new vaccines and medicines, innovative methods like distance learning and working, more respect and remuneration to health professionals, and normalization of the public health and social measures that were induced during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to be seen in future.
Migración de retorno y escolaridad en México: atención educativa a la población transnacional
Authors: Tacelosky Kathleen
Published: February 2021

Los cambios en los patrones migratorios por parte de los mexicanos, primero a los Estados Unidos y luego de regreso a México, han dado como resultado a aproximadamente 600 000 estudiantes (Jensen y Jacobo-Suarez 2019) en escuelas mexicanas que han cursado una parte o la totalidad de su educación en inglés en los Estados Unidos. Este artículo explora el fenómeno de la educación transnacional prestando especial atención al aspecto lingüístico. Después de esbozar brevemente la historia de la inmigración hacia y desde Estados Unidos el artículo presenta un trabajo de investigación etnolingüística llevada a cabo en los estados mexicanos de Puebla y Zacatecas durante los últimos diez años (2010-2020). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto los desafíos lingüísticos que enfrentan estos estudiantes transnacionales cuando intentan adaptar un lenguaje, que hasta ahora han utilizado para un propósito (hogar y encuentros sociales), a otro (escuela). El artículo concluye con un ejemplo del estado de Zacatecas, donde se está creando una capacitación para que docentes actuales y en formación tengan las herramientas necesarias para educar a dichos estudiantes.

 

 
Las implicaciones de la migración transnacional entre Estados Unidos y México para el desarrollo profesional de los docentes: perspectivas antropológicas
Authors: Hamann Edmund 'Ted'
Published: February 2021

La docencia suele ser una profesión para toda la vida. Las tareas, res-
 ponsabilidades y tradiciones que se inculcan a través de la formación del maestro y se refuerzan a lo largo de su desarrollo profesional permiten descubrir qué es lo que hacen y lo que tratan de hacer los maes-tros. Siempre existe una tensión entre lo que la sociedad en general espera, lo que interesa a los alumnos y lo que intentan llevar a cabo los maestros. Pero, estas brechas se hacen más hondas y complejas cuando se trata de alumnos que migraron de un país a otro. En este artículo se
 presentan algunas aportaciones teóricas desde la antropología para comprender la migración escolar transnacional y los retos que enfrentan los maestros que atienden a los alumnos migrantes. Si decimos que los cambios sociodemográficos (como la migración internacional) inciden en lo que los maestros deberían enseñar y la manera como deberían enseñar, entonces bien vale la pena identificar las formas en que las teorías antropológicas pueden ayudar a guiar a los maestros a enfrentar estos cambios. Esta aproximación teórica puede explicar algunos de los retos a los que se enfrentan los niños y adolescentes que ahora se encuentran en las escuelas mexicanas y que previamente habían estado inscritos en escuelas estadounidenses. En este análisis de carácter teórico, debemos detenernos a considerar la cultura y la identidad docentes para proponer formas pedagógicas adecuadas que respondan a las necesidades propias de los alumnos transnacionales (los que se mueven de las escuelas de un país al otro). Haciendo esto estamos intentando responder a la pregunta: ¿qué plantea la teoría antropológica sobre estos cambios educativos?

 
De raíces antropológicas: Bastimento epistemológico de la criminología
Authors: Hikal Carreón Wael Sarwat
Published: February 2021

El marco teórico de la criminología se ha abierto a todo el conocimiento utilizado para interpretar los fenómenos sociales de la criminalidad desde diferentes visiones. Esto lleva a una hermenéutica variada de análisis de teorías con ópticas múltiples que permiten conocer a la criminalidad, interpretando, definiendo su situación, su capacidad y posibilidad de intervenir el problema. De tal modo, cabe precisar el ejercicio reflexivo acerca de cómo se ha producido el conocimiento en criminología, concretándose a otras ciencias que, en algunos momentos de su estudio, se han ocupado de aspectos globales y abarcativos de la violencia, crimen, delito, antisocialidad. Esto ocurre en la actualidad, pero en los comienzos de los estudios sistemáticos de la criminalidad, que hoy llevan por nombre “criminología”, antecedieron los antropológicos físicos, que luego se tornaron a los culturales. Una criminología del presente, mantiene sus bases antropológicas, pero también ha incluido las sociológicas, psicológicas, políticas, jurídicas, económicas, entre otras que se repasan en el presente.

 

 
La representación de los pueblos indígenas en las salas Arqueología y Etnografía en Tecnópolis (Argentina): experiencias desde la extensión universitaria
Authors: Funes Paula Daniela , San Miguel María Eugenia , Míguez Palacio Rocío Monserrat
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la representación de los pueblos indígenas en las salas Arqueología y Etnografía en la megaferia de ciencias Tecnópolis (Buenos Aires, Argentina), y pro-
 blematizar la práctica de los estudiantes y graduados de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras de la Universidad de Buenos Aires en el desarrollo de las guiadas educativas en su rol de anfitriones. Para ello, se parte desde un enfoque etnográfico basado en la observación participante y en la realización de entrevistas no direccionadas durante los años 2018 y 2019 (entre los meses de julio y octubre). A partir del análisis antropológico del guión museográfico y museológico de ambas salas, se propone profundizar en la relación entre los anfitriones y la muestra como un complejo entramado donde se ponen en tensión las trayectorias pedagógicas, y el posicionamiento teórico/epistemológico adoptado por los anfitriones, para sortear las problemáticas inherentes a la exposición.

 
Classroom Strategies through Translanguaging for Multilingualism Students
Authors: Nursanti Rachmi Retno
Published: February 2021

This research aims to discover translanguaging strategy in the process of teaching English material to multilingualism students. Due to the Indonesian country is a multicultural, the children got their mother tongue is a local language, not Bahasa Indonesia as the national ones. The Indonesian students acquire two languages n their daily life; local language and Bahasa Indonesia. Therefore, the role of English teacher is to explain English materials using English as the target language, local language and Bahasa Indonesia to increase students’ comprehension. This research used qualitative research with grounded theory design. In collecting the data, the researcher used interview technique to discover further information. In this research, the use of L1 was mostly used in the classroom rather than L2. The students could understand the material because the teachers’ effort to translate the language from Bahasa Indonesia to English and vice versa. This phenomenon was challenging because of the lack of students’ confidence to practice English. However, translanguaging decreased students’ anxiety in the class because they could understand English well by using two languages; Bahasa Indonesia and English. the findings are easy to be implemented by the following teachers in teaching multilingualism students for non-English speaking country, because translanguaging facilitates students and teachers to learn English using affordable way.
Kekerasan Simbolik dan Politik Perempuan di Aceh
Authors: Musdawati Musdawati
Published: February 2021

This article examines the theory of Pierre Bourdieu, a French sociologist, in dismantling mechanisms of injustice against women in the realm of practical politics. The idea of Bourdieu's theory of habitus, capital, arena, violence and symbolic power will be used as the perspective of gender inequality in uncovering the mechanisms of violence against women, particularly women involved in politics. The occurrence of various forms of violence against women, according to Bourdieu's theory, can not be separated from their symbolic violence that became the basis for other types of violence, such as physical, psychological, economic, and sexual. Symbolic violence is a form of violence that is not easily recognizable. Violence operates through symbols the object hegemonic discourse dominated. The roots of this violence habitus operates through women who are positioned as subordinate in society. Violence that works at the level of discourse, it will not make women understand and appreciate that they become the object and will not resist
Perspektif Al-Quran dan Sunnah tentang Toleransi
Authors: M. Jakfar Tarmizi
Published: February 2021

Islam adalah agama yang sangat toleran terhadap siapapun termasuk kepada non muslim. Dengan tingginya rasa toleransi yang dibawa membuat agama ini mudah diterima dan cepat berkembang terutama pada masa-masa awal kehadirannya di tanah Arab. Hakikat dari toleransi adalah kemudahan dalam setiap ajarannya serta tenggang rasa terhadap perbedaan yang ada, termasuk dalam hal akidah ketika berhadapan dengan agama lain. Artikel ini bermaksud menelaah toleransi dalam perspektif Alquran dan sunnah. Telaah terhadap pandangan Alquran dan sunnah memperlihatkan bahwa  bentuk dan sifat toleransi ini tergambar jelas dalam al-Qur'an dan sunnah Nabi, juga dalam sirah kehidupan para sahabat dan ulama-ulama salaf lainnya yang memahami kedua sumber Islam ini dengan baik. Pengakuan akan tingginya rasa toleransi yang dibawa oleh agama samawi terakhir ini sesungguhnya bukan saja diakui dan dirasakan oleh umat Islam sendiri, tetapi juga mendapat pengakuan dari kalangan non muslim Barat yang berupaya menilai Islam secara objektif.
Impacto de los estilos de vida sobre la salud sexual de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Gutiérrez-Suárez Carlos , Velasco-Moreno Wilmer Argenis , Cordero-Galindo Karla Dayana
Published: February 2021

Disertar respecto al impacto de los estilos de vida sobre la salud sexual en estudiantes universitarios debe organizarse en torno a la descripción del conjunto de características que conforman los estilos de vida como lo son: el área educativa, familiar/social, espiritual y autocuidado; así mismo, hay que reconocer los diversos factores protectores y de riesgo representados en el conocimiento o desconocimiento en temáticas sobre la sexualidad. Lo planteado anteriormente facilita al lector la vinculación con el modelo de toma de decisiones compartidas, como uno de los medios en la educación sobre salud sexual. Se finaliza con la reflexición sobre la capacidad de elección que los jóvenes universitarios vivencian durante su paso por las IES y las decisiones que pueden tomar con relación a su vida sexual.