bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, Awareness, and Treatment Profile of Adult Filipino Hypertensive Individuals: Philippine Heart Association–Council on Hypertension Report on Survey of Hypertension (PRESYON-4)
Authors: Sison Jorge A , Cawed-Mende Roberta Maria , Oliva Raymond V
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity and  mortality in the Philippines. The prevalence rate of hypertension has been increasing, and this  was associated with increasing comorbidities and poor control rates. The Philippine Heart  Association–Council on Hypertension has been conducting the PRESYON studies since 1992 to  determine the present hypertension rates. This updated PRESYON-4 aimed to know the latest  numbers of hypertension cases in the country and to determine the awareness, treatment profile,  and control rates of individuals afflicted with hypertension. 

METHODS: PRESYON-4 is a randomized, prospective, multistage, stratified, nationwide survey  conducted last January to April 2021. It included 3,437 participants; 2,796 subjects were adults  aged 19 years or older, and the rest of the participants were 12 to 18 years old. The prevalence  of hypertension was analyzed from the survey. Anthropometric measurements, risk factors, and  comorbidity assessment were also determined. 

RESULTS: The prevalence rate of hypertension in the latest survey is 37%, with more than half  of the respondents aware of their disease. Utilizing the classification of the European guidelines  for hypertension, 34% had grade 1 hypertension, with 26% of participants having isolated  systolic hypertension. Individuals older than 50 years are aware of their elevated blood pressure  (BP), but more females are aware of their disease compared with men. Current smoking and  obesity are high in the hypertensive population, whereas diabetes mellitus and angina are the  more common comorbidities. Most subjects utilize the oscillometric arm BP apparatus to monitor  their BP. Angiotensin receptor blockers are the most used antihypertensive medication with a  high compliance rate. However, there is poor control among treated patients with hypertension,  as the control rate is only 39%. The prescription of a single drug is still prevalent among Filipino  hypertensive individuals. 

CONCLUSION: The point prevalence of hypertension in the country is at 37% based on the  analysis. The need to manage risk factors such as obesity and smoking should be part of  management. A multisectoral approach in the management of hypertension should be part of the  strategy to lower hypertension in the country. 

KEYWORDS: hypertension, prevalence, awareness, compliance, BP control
La vida en Marte: ¿Qué puede decirnos el uso de biofirmas sobre nuestra comprensión del proceso de la vida?
Authors: Torres de Farias Sávio
Published: July 2024

La astrobiología es uno de los campos científicos de más rápida expansión en la actualidad. Entre los diversos problemas a los que se enfrenta esta área del conocimiento, la búsqueda de vida fuera de nuestro planeta resulta especialmente desafiante. Cuando se trata de identificar vida más allá de nuestro planeta, uno de los desafíos más difíciles es el uso de firmas biológicas. Las biofirmas pueden verse como cualquier molécula o proceso, que proviene de la actividad biológica y puede indicar la existencia de vida en algún momento, en el presente o en el pasado, en cada ambiente. La identificación de biofirmas que puedan distinguir claramente entre evidencia de vida o simplemente un artefacto producido por otros procesos naturales representa un desafío práctico y teórico para la astrobiología. Dada la complejidad de esta discusión, es necesario abordar varios puntos, las posibles reacciones químicas dadas las condiciones locales del medio a estudiar, la universalidad del fenómeno de la vida tal como la conocemos en nuestro planeta, lo que entendemos como esencia del fenómeno de la vida, entre otros. La elección de biofirmas que puedan revelar señales de vida debe cumplir con varios criterios que buscan eliminar o minimizar la posibilidad de falsos positivos. Aquí espero discutir las implicaciones del uso de biofirmas considerando los avances recientes en la química prebiótica, así como nuevos marcos conceptuales para el fenómeno de la vida y sus implicaciones para el desarrollo de biofirmas de una manera no tipológica, lo que podría abrir un nuevo camino. para descubrir vida estructuralmente distinta de la que conocemos, y también permitirá una mejor comprensión de la vida tal como la conocemos en nuestro planeta.
Aqiqah Dengan Ayam Dalam Tradisi Masyarkat Tilihuwa
Authors: Supriyanto Agus Jibu  , Frengki Eki Pulubuhu  , Hamsah Hudafi
Published: July 2024

Aqiqah yaitu acara yang di lakukan umat Islam yang berkaitan dengan penyembelihan hewan seperti kambing dihari ke-tujuh dari kelahiran sang bayi. Tujuan aqiqah untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan bagaimana implementasi aqiqah dengan ayam dalam tradisi masyarakat di Kelurahan Tilihuwa Kecamatan Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini yaitu menggunakan metode dengan jenis penelitian kualitatif di tinjau dari hukum Islam. Menggunakan pendekatan fikih dan budaya. Adapaun sumber data penelitian ini adalah tokoh agama,adat dan masyarakat. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa implementasi aqiqah dengan ayam pada masyarakat di Kelurahan Tilihuwa Kabupaten Gorontalo yaitu: pelaksanaan aqiqah harus menyembelih ayam putih, yang putih bulunya dan kakinya, sepasang jantan dan betina, dan pelaksanaannya dipotong hanya dibagian jenggernya dan dibacakan doa sebagaimana pemotongan kambing. Dasar melakukan aqiqah dengan ayam di Kelurahan Tilihuwa yaitu: karena tidak mampu untuk membeli kambing, menganggap bahwa itu sudah menjadi kebiasaan sejak dahulu sehingga mereka tetap melaksanakannya. Pandangan hukum Islam terhadap aqiqah dengan ayam dalam tradisi masyarakat Kelurahan Tilihuwa Kecamatan Limboto yaitu: bahwa para ulama  tidak membenarkan aqiqah menggunakan hewan selain kambing. Namun masyarakat diKelurahan Tilihuwa menganggap bahwa hal itu dibolehkan karena  secara perlakuan dari sisi materi yang dilakukan adalah ayam, dan kalau dilihat dari  sisi subtansinya, dari sisi perlakuannya, sebenarnya hal itu tidak memenuhi unsur kewajiban agama yang menganjurkan, karena kambing dan ayam beda, tapi dari sisi substansial dan sisi kesyukuran menurut masyarakat Tilihuwa itu sudah memenuhi unsur agama yang penting mensyukuri kelahiran anak. Bagi tokoh masyarakat, tokoh agama dan pemerintah hendaknya memberikan pemahaman dan pengarahan kepada warga sekitar terkait dengan pelaksanaan aqiqah dengan ayam.Bagi masyarakat Islam, penelitian ini diharapkan bisa mengetahui tentang hukum dalam melaksanakan aqiqah dengan ayam. Kata kunci: Aqiqah Ayam, Hukum Islam,Ttradisi
A support framework to facilitate social learning and integration skills of first-year undergraduate medical students
Authors: Tlalajoe-Mokhatla N , Van der Merwe L J , Jama M P
Published: July 2024

Background. Limited research exists on medical students’ coping and adjustment skills, especially in the South African context. Stakeholders planning medical curricula need to be aware of emotional and communication skills that allow students to cope and adjust to stress associated with transitioning to medical studies.
Objective. To design a support framework to facilitate first-year undergraduate medical students’ social learning and integration skills.
Methods. This descriptive qualitative case study used multiple data collection methods, nominal group meetings and Delphi questionnaires to explore and understand undergraduate medical students’ challenges with social learning and integration factors. These insights were then used to develop the support framework.
Results. The support framework articulates levels of engagement and actions required to address social learning and integrated factors, namely under- preparedness, peer support, confidence, self-management, alienation and academic advice.
Conclusion. Implementing the proposed support framework on social learning and integration could facilitate the successful transition of first-year undergraduate medical students from high school to university. This framework aids students in dealing with social learning and integrated factors, such as under-preparedness, peer support, confidence, self-management and alienation as well as academic advice using contextualised and appropriate skills and tools.
Using RAPD and ISSR markers to assess genetic diversity and conservation of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. for sustainable management on Kerala's West Coast
Authors: Sudhir Sreeram , Vel Sankara Velmani , Selvam Hariharan , Arunprasath Arumugam
Published: July 2024

In this genetic study focusing on Kerala’s west coast, particularly the southern region with diverse demographics and fluctuating salinity, we utilized random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers to assess the genetic variation of the plant species Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, which is facing habitat loss in the region. The ISSR marker demonstrated a higher degree of polymorphism (13.6%) compared with RAPD (3.5%). The polymorphic information content averaged 0.484 for ISSR and 0.354 for RAPD. The B. gymnorrhiza samples from Alappuzha and Thrissur clustered together in both markers. Nei’s genetic diversity index (h) was determined to be 0.430 for RAPD and 0.453 for ISSR. The unweighted pair group with the arithmetic mean dendrogram, reflecting a greater degree of polymorphism, supports the conservation of B. gymnorrhiza throughout Kerala’s west coast. Additionally, the marker index was calculated as 0.506 for ISSR and 0.392 for RAPD, highlighting the efficacy of ISSR markers in assessing the genetic diversity of B. gymnorrhiza.
Research Trend in The Inhibition of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1): Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization
Authors: Aleidi Shereen M. , Harb Amani A. , Dahabiyeh Lina A. , AL-Iede Montaha , Hamad Islam , Alshaer Walhan , Almasri Ihab M. , Bustanji Yasser
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the research trend in transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) inhibition and modulation. A bibliometric analysis of peer-reviewed articles and reviews published from 2003 until 2022 in the Scopus database was conducted. A total of 7,470 publications were retrieved and distributed over 140 countries and published by 23,875 authors. The number of publications was increasing over the determined period, indicating a steady upward trend. Approximately 80% of the total extracted publications were research articles. The leading country in this research field is the United States of America. The top publishing journal was the British Journal of Pharmacology. The most frequent keywords included TRPV1, pain, and capsaicin. Analysis of authors-keywords pointed to the role of TRPV1 inhibition in numerous conditions including cancer, inflammation, oxidative stress, pruritus, osteoarthritis, migraine, the endocannabinoid system, nitric oxide, and endothelium relaxation. This study revealed most of the research was focused on the role of TRPV1 channels in pain. However, TRPV1 has been implicated in different pathological conditions. This implication should be translated into the development of therapeutic strategy, and efforts should be expanded into new clinical indications and novel drug discovery.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of several dosage regimens of vancomycin in ventilator-associated pneumonia critically ill patients
Authors: Presley Bobby , Halim Steven Victoria , Setiawan Eko
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to identify the most cost-effective vancomycin dosage regimen to treat ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients infected with “minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) Creep” Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Decision tree analysis with a healthcare provider perspective was used in this study. Clinical data, both efficacy and safety, were derived from Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). Only direct medical cost was calculated in this study without any discounting factor analysis. The most cost-effective dosage regimen is the dosage regimen with the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). MCS found that the standard dose of vancomycin (2 g/day) was ineffective in treating MRSA with MIC 2 mg/l. The dosage regimen with a total daily dose of 4 g afforded the highest efficacy for all MIC values of MRSA. Nevertheless, this dosage regimen also afforded the highest risk of nephrotoxicity. The dosage regimen with a total daily dose of 3 g vancomycin attained a relatively good efficacy and safety profile. The ICER for vancomycin 1 g every 8 hours, 1 g every 6 hours, 1.5 g every 12 hours, and 2 g every 12 hours were 50,464; 58,998; 49,809; and 57,153, respectively. Vancomycin 1.5 g every 12 hours was the most cost-effective dosage regimen to treat VAP patients without advanced renal impairment in the era of “MIC Creep” MRSA.
Penal exceptionalism in countries of Central Europe. Why is the region different?
Authors: Krajewski Krzysztof Piotr
Published: July 2024

The countries of Central Europe have for many years occupied a leading position in Europe when it comes to the level of incarceration. This begs the question of what lies behind this state of affairs. It may be connected with the history of the region, being under authoritarian rule for years. Another factor may be the penal populism that is present everywhere in the world, but has specific features in this region. One version of such explanations is the concept of “penal nationalism”. The research also indicates a relationship between social policy and egalitarianism, among other factors, and the size of the prison population. This raises the question of the extent to which the concepts relativizing punitiveness to categories of political economy apply to the region. Finally, there are other explanations that point to some prosaic factors of a “technical” nature that may have an undesirable influence on punitiveness. None of these concepts fully explain the unique situation of the region as a whole. However, they can be a starting point for building a more integrated concept.
Short-term detention in Austria
Authors: Stiebellehner Kathrin
Published: July 2024

One of the main concerns of the 1975 Austrian criminal law reform was to largely avoid the execution of short prison sentences. Due to their predominant disadvantages, they were to be replaced with fines wherever possible, and the execution of short custodial sentences was to be suspended as a subsidiary measure. Under Section 37 of the Austrian Criminal Code, a short custodial sentence for an offence that carries a maximum term of imprisonment of ten years is to be replaced by a monetary penalty if the court deems it justifiable for preventive reasons.
Changing penologies and European crime policy: Theory and practice in the global context. Introduction
Authors: Banach-Gutierrez Joanna Beata , Daems Tom , Hucklesby Anthea , Utrat-Milecki Jarosław
Published: July 2024

This Special Issue deals with the significant questions about changing penologies and European crime policy. The discussed topics cover the general picture, trends and aim of today’s European penology. The focus is paid on the effectiveness of crime policy, its role in contemporary penology and fundamental values which are closely linked with human rights orientated approach. The issue of punishment and prison standards are also presented in the context of International and European standards. Furthermore, Scandinavian approach to crime policy is widely illustrated, especially based on the Finnish and Norwegian studies.   W tym numerze specjalnym poruszane są istotne kwestie dotyczące zmieniających się penologii i europejskiej polityki karnej. Tematyka obejmuje ogólny obraz, kierunki i cele współczesnej penologii europejskiej. Nacisk położony jest na skuteczność polityki karnej, jej rolę we współczesnej penologii oraz podstawowe wartości, które są ściśle powiązane z podejściem zorientowanym na prawa człowieka. Zagadnienie kar i standardów więziennych ukazane jest także w kontekście standardów międzynarodowych i europejskich. Ponadto, szeroko zilustrowane jest skandynawskie podejście do polityki karnej, zwłaszcza w oparciu o badania fińskie i norweskie.
A kidney-hypothalamus axis promotes compensatory glucose production in response to glycosuria
Authors: Faniyan Tumininu S , Zhang Xinyi , Morgan Donald A , Robles Jorge , Bathina Siresha , Brookes Paul S , Rahmouni Kamal , Perry Rachel J , Chhabra Kavaljit H
Published: July 2024

The kidneys facilitate energy conservation through reabsorption of nutrients including glucose. Almost all the filtered blood glucose is reabsorbed by the kidneys. Loss of glucose in urine (glycosuria) is offset by an increase in endogenous glucose production to maintain normal energy supply in the body. How the body senses this glucose loss and consequently enhances glucose production is unclear. Using renal Slc2a2 (also known as Glut2) knockout mice, we demonstrate that elevated glycosuria activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which in turn drives endogenous glucose production. This phenotype was attenuated by selective afferent renal denervation, indicating the involvement of the afferent nerves in promoting the compensatory increase in glucose production. In addition, through plasma proteomics analyses we observed that acute phase proteins - which are usually involved in the body’s defense mechanisms against a threat – were the top candidates which were either upregulated or downregulated in renal Slc2a2 KO mice. Overall, afferent renal nerves contribute to promoting endogenous glucose production in response to elevated glycosuria and loss of glucose in urine is sensed as a biological threat in mice. These findings may be useful in improving the efficiency of drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors that are intended to treat hyperglycemia by enhancing glycosuria but are met with a compensatory increase in endogenous glucose production.
Observing one-divalent-metal-ion dependent and histidine-promoted His-Me family I-PpoI nuclease catalysis in crystallo
Authors: Chang Caleb , Zhou Grace , Gao Yang
Published: July 2024

Metal-ion-dependent nucleases play crucial roles in cellular defense and biotechnological applications. Time-resolved crystallography has resolved catalytic details of metal-ion-dependent DNA hydrolysis and synthesis, uncovering the essential roles of multiple metal ions during catalysis. The histidine-metal (His-Me) superfamily nucleases are renowned for binding one divalent metal ion and requiring a conserved histidine to promote catalysis. Many His-Me family nucleases, including homing endonucleases and Cas9 nuclease, have been adapted for biotechnological and biomedical applications. However, it remains unclear how the single metal ion in His-Me nucleases, together with the histidine, promotes water deprotonation, nucleophilic attack, and phosphodiester bond breakage. By observing DNA hydrolysis
in crystallo
with His-Me I-PpoI nuclease as a model system, we proved that only one divalent metal ion is required during its catalysis. Moreover, we uncovered several possible deprotonation pathways for the nucleophilic water. Interestingly, binding of the single metal ion and water deprotonation are concerted during catalysis. Our results reveal catalytic details of His-Me nucleases, which is distinct from multi-metal-ion-dependent DNA polymerases and nucleases.
Notes on Voice and Tempo in Anglophone Caribbean Literatures
Authors: Rothe Thomas
Published: July 2024

This article outlines a historic panorama of the dynamic relationship between written and oral forms of expression in the Anglophone Caribbean, focusing on key literary works of poetry, the novel, and theater, as well as musical genres like calypso and reggae. The aim is to identify trends, and the relationships between them, that expand beyond territorial and temporal limits, in order to better understand how the scribal and oral spheres have interacted under the pressures of colonialism and its residual effects. The article begins with a contextualization of the vernacular’s place in literary works in the Anglophone Caribbean during the colonial period and discusses several concepts that have been key in debates on language as a form of cultural resistance. The second section focuses on the growing anticolonial sentiment that began to sweep through the region in the 1930s and the literary, intellectual, and musical developments that sought to articulate these political inclinations. The third and final section examines reggae aesthetics as a driving force of cultural expression since the 1970s, considering the influence of Rastafarianism and reggae’s impact on various forms of literary production.
Impacto de un modelo asistencial específicamente diseñado en el programa de angioplastia coronaria ambulatoria
Authors: Liberman Federico , Botto Fernando O. , Benzadon Mariano N. , Lamelas Pablo M. , Spaletra Pablo M. , Pedernera Gustavo O. , Ordoñez Santiago , Padilla Lucio T. , Belardi Jorge , Cura Fernando A.
Published: July 2024

Introducción: Desarrollamos en nuestro centro un modelo asistencial ambulatorio para procedimientos coronarios percutáneos denominado Radial Lounge (RL). Los pacientes visten su propia ropa durante toda la estadía, sin restricciones de movilidad y sin necesidad de ayuno. Antes y después del procedimiento permanecen en un sillón acompañados por un familiar hasta el alta, sin monitoreo continuo y controlados por un enfermero dedicado exclusivamente a esta área. Objetivos: Evaluar la seguridad y eficacia del modelo asistencial del RL, la tasa de alta el mismo día (AMD), experiencia del paciente y eventos mayores (EM): mortalidad intrahospitalaria, mortalidad y rehospitalización a 30 días. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva en un centro cardiovascular, en que se incluyeron consecutivamente pacientes sometidos a una angioplastia transluminal coronaria (ATC) electiva en el RL. Resultados: Se incluyeron 2102 procedimientos de ATC electivas realizadas bajo el modelo RL. La tasa de AMD fue del 85,3% en el primer año de su implementación (2018) y alcanzó un 89% en 2022. Al evaluar la experiencia de los pacientes, el puntaje promedio obtenido a través de la encuesta de Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) fue 9,61/10. La tasa de EM no fue mayor a la reportada en la literatura. Conclusiones: El programa de ATC en RL demostró ser un modelo seguro y efectivo en nuestra experiencia.
Modificaciones en la función ventricular izquierda y el electrocardiograma en ratones debido a isquemia y reperfusión cerebral
Authors: Barbieri Ignacio P. , Franco Riveros Verena B. , Buccholz Bruno
Published: July 2024

Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) puede generar perturbaciones funcionales y eléctricas del corazón. Las características y mecanismos subyacentes no están completamente elucidados. Objetivo: Evaluar si la isquemia (I) y reperfusión (R) cerebral agudas ocasionan disfunción cardíaca y alteraciones electrocardiográficas en un modelo experimental en ratones. Material y Métodos: Ratones macho sometidos a isquemia y reperfusión cerebral (I/R) fueron evaluados mediante electrocardiografía (ECG) y ecocardiografía. Se analizó la frecuencia cardíaca, el intervalo QT corregido (QTc) y el intervalo entre el pico de la onda T – fin de la onda T (Tp-Te), la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI), la fracción de acortamiento (FA) y el tiempo de relajación isovolumétrica (TRIV). Se cuantificó el tamaño del infarto cerebral (TI), y el déficit neurológico se evaluó con la escala de Longa (EL). Resultados: Encontramos una disminución estadísticamente significativa de la FEVI a las 24 horas de R (I/R: 66,5 ± 1,5 % vs SHAM: 74,3 ± 0,9 %; p=0,002) y la FA (I/R: 42,9 ± 1,7 % vs SHAM: 52,3 ± 1,7 %; p=0,004). Se observó una prolongación del QTc durante la I/R (basal: 125,1 ± 4,3 ms; 60 min I: 143,8 ± 5,2 ms; 24 horas R: 170,3 ± 5,8 ms; p=0,002), sin una prolongación del Tp-Te en la I (basal: 25,9 ± 1,3 ms vs 60 min I: 23,8 ± 1,4 ms; p=0,999) pero sí en la R (24 horas R: 32,0 ± 2,3 ms; p=0,049. El tamaño del infarto cerebral fue de 34,9 ± 2,5 % y la supervivencia del grupo I/R fue del 43,3 %. Conclusión: La isquemia cerebral aguda induce una disfunción ventricular izquierda leve y trastornos en la repolarización ventricular que se intensifica en las primeras 24 horas de reperfusión.
Structural Funds and Convergence in Poland
Authors: Pietak Lukasz ,   Institute of Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate whether cohesion policy funds affected economic growth and resulted in a convergence process across NUTS 2 regions in Poland. The study examined a balanced panel of data from 16 Polish regions between 2004 and 2016 and applied different estimations procedures, in-cluding the fixed effects estimator –as the main estimator– and the GMM estimator. The empirical analysis revealed that cohesion policy funds had a positive impact on regional economic growth. How-ever, the influence of structural funds on convergence was shown to be weak in Poland. The results were robust to various estimation methods.
Evaluation of Exotic Sesame Germplasm for their Resistance Against (Antigastra catalaunalis) Duponchel
Authors: Swetha N. , Boopathi T. , Reddy C. Narendra , Yadav Praduman
Published: July 2024

Aims: To evaluate 132 USDA germplasm for their resistance against sesame leaf webber A. catalaunalis.
Study Design:  Randomized Block Design (RBD).
Methodology: Leaf webber incidence was recorded weekly in two seasons (2023, 2024) and the percent leaf damage was calculated. The data was subjected to statistical analysis. The germplasm were categorized based on the percent leaf damage in both seasons using a 1-9 scoring methodology. The combined mean analysis was also carried out, to obtain unbiased results. the germplasm were also categorized based on the combined analysis.
Results: In season 1, leaf damage by sesame leaf webber ranged from 0% to 97.96%, with PI 170757, PI 223014, and PI 285170 being pest-free, while PI 170726 had the highest damage (97.96%). Germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (48), resistant (31), moderately resistant (25), susceptible (13) and highly susceptible (15). In season 2, damage ranged from 0% to 97.30%, with PI 152498, PI 158045, PI 170757, PI 223014, and PI 285170 being pest-free and PI 170726 again having the highest damage (97.30%). Germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (35), resistant (36), moderately resistant (33), susceptible (12) and highly susceptible (16). Based on combined mean value analysis,
The germplasm were categorized as highly resistant (28), resistant (54), moderately resistant (21), susceptible (11), and highly susceptible (18).
Conclusion: The germplasm PI 170757, PI 223014, and PI 285170 were completely free from pest damage in both seasons and also based on combined mean analysis. Thus these germplasm are highly resistant against sesame leaf webber.
A Novel Approach to the Moving Average Distance and Isolation Forest Method for Forecasting Financial Time Series Data
Authors: Sihabuddin Agus , Rokhman Nur , Wibowo Mohammad Edi , Karim Abdul
Published: July 2024

Aims: The main aim of this research is to propose a new approach to financial time series data feature extraction using Moving Average Distance combined with Isolation Forest.
Study Design:  Building a feature extraction using Moving Average Distance and Isolation Forest for time series data.
Methodology: We propose a Moving Average Distance to calculate the distance of the recent price to a moving average as input for the Isolation Forest algorithm. The distance measurement used in this research is measured in daily periods of 2,3,4,5,10, and 20. This period variation is used to observe the effect of different short, medium, and long terms on the forecasting accuracy. This moving average distance and isolation forest combination enrich the feature used as input for LSTM as a forecasting algorithm.
Results: The daily S&P 500 and SSE index are used as datasets to test the proposed method. The research results showed that the proposed method outperformed the accuracy of previous research. The 3-daily period of moving average distance was the best parameter for the model and gave the best accuracy performance measure for both datasets; we found that the more extended period than that tends to reduce the accuracy.
Conclusion: Our experimental results showed that the proposed method improves the ability of LSTM as a time series forecasting algorithm and outperforms the previous research results.
Genetic Variability Studies for Morpho-Physiological and Yield-attributing Traits in Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)
Authors: Vardhan B. Harsha , Narasimhulu R. , Priya M. Shanthi , Sekhar A. Chandra
Published: July 2024

Foxtail millet is an underutilized crop which has high nutritional values and wide genetic resources, possessing the ability to tolerate several abiotic stresses efficiently. Those resources must be used in order to improve desired traits, primarily yield attributes. This investigation was carried out to assess the genetic parameters, such as variability, per se performance, heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) for sixteen morpho-physiological, yield-attributing traits in fifty foxtail millet germplasm accessions at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal during Rabi, 2023-2024. The study revealed the wide range of variation for all studied traits and that the accessions SiA 3290, SiA 4345, and SiA 4391 had potential for most traits and a high grain yield per plant. Thus, after multilocation testing, these accessions might be exploited for commercial cultivation. The assessment revealed that the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly greater than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), indicating the influence of the environment on the manifestation of these traits. It was also observed that the traits viz.., photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, abortive grain rate, and grain yield per plant had high PCV and GCV and these traits significantly contributed to the overall variability and scope for selection. High heritability in combination with high GAM was observed for photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, 1000-grain weight, fodder yield per plant and grain yield per plant. This indicates that, these traits are mostly governed by additive genes and thus making them suitable for simple direct selection to improve these traits and further breeding efforts focused on increasing yields.
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus (Orthotospovirus arachinecrosis) Inducing Necrosis in Black Gram
Authors: Divyamani V. , Reddy B.V.B , Kumar M. Pradeep , Prasanthi L. , Venkateswarlu N.C.
Published: July 2024

Orthotospovirus arachinecrosis commonly known as Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), is the causal agent for necrosis disease in black gram. GBNV is the second most important challenge to black gram production in major growing areas following yellow mosaic disease. Symptoms of necrosis disease of black gram include severe downward curling and twisting of leaf lamina, veinal necrosis, petiole necrosis, bud necrosis, and necrotic streaks on the stem. Infection at early growth stages of black gram leads to plant death, while surviving plants exhibited stunted growth with a significant reduction in pod yield. The GBNV-BG isolate was maintained in pure form on cowpea cv. C-152, resulted in chlorotic and necrotic local lesions on primary leaves at seven days post-inoculation. The pathogenicity of GBNV on black gram (LBG-645) was further confirmed by artificial sap inoculation. Amplification of the coat protein gene of GBNV was confirmed through RT-PCR using gene-specific primers, producing an amplicon of 800 bp. Sequence analysis of the coat protein gene revealed that the present study isolates OQ683310 and OR295403 shared sequence identity of 98.0 % and 99.3 % respectively at the nucleotide level, with other isolates in the NCBI database. The phylogenetic analysis of the coat protein gene revealed that the isolates under this study were closely linked with the GBNV tomato isolate from Tamil Nadu (MN718651 and MZ505083).
Resonance broadening due to particle scattering and mode coupling in the quasi‐linear relaxation of electron beams
Authors: Bian Nicolas H. , Kontar Eduard P. , Ratcliffe Heather
Published: June 2014

Of particular interest for radio and hard X‐ray diagnostics of accelerated electrons during solar flares is the understanding of the basic nonlinear mechanisms regulating the relaxation of electron beams propagating in turbulent plasmas. In this work, it is shown that in addition to scattering of beam electrons, scattering of the beam‐generated Langmuir waves via for instance mode coupling can also result in broadening of the wave‐particle resonance. We obtain a resonance‐broadened version of weak turbulence theory with mode coupling to ion sound modes. Resonance broadening is presented here as a unified framework which can quantitatively account for the reduction and possible suppression of the beam instability due to background scattering of the beam electrons themselves or due to scattering of the beam‐generated Langmuir waves in fluctuating plasmas. Resonance broadening being essentially equivalent to smoothing of the electron phase space distribution is used to construct an intuitive physical picture for the stability of inverted populations of fast electrons that are commonly observed in situ to propagate in the solar wind.
Impact of Aquarius sea surface salinity observations on coupled forecasts for the tropical Indo‐Pacific Ocean
Authors: Hackert Eric , Busalacchi Antonio J. , Ballabrera‐Poy Joaquim
Published: June 2014

This study demonstrates the impact of gridded in situ and Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) on coupled forecasts for August 2011 until February 2014. Assimilation of all available subsurface temperature (ASSIM_Tz) is chosen as the baseline and an optimal interpolation of all in situ salinity (ASSIM_Tz_SSSIS) and Aquarius SSS (ASSIM_Tz_SSSAQ) are added in separate assimilation experiments. These three are then used to initialize coupled experiments. Including SSS generally improves NINO3 sea surface temperature anomaly validation. For ASSIM_Tz_SSSIS, correlation is improved after 7 months, but the root mean square error is degraded with respect to ASSIM_Tz after 5 months. On the other hand, assimilating Aquarius gives significant improvement versus ASSIM_Tz for all forecast lead times after 5 months. Analysis of the initialization differences with the baseline indicates that SSS assimilation results in an upwelling Rossby wave near the dateline. In the coupled model, this upwelling signal reflects at the western boundary eventually cooling the NINO3 region. For this period, coupled models tend to erroneously predict NINO3 warming, so SSS assimilation corrects this defect. Aquarius is more efficient at cooling the NINO3 region since it is relatively more salty in the eastern Pacific than in situ SSS which leads to increased mixing and upwelling which in turn sets up enhanced west‐to‐east SST gradient and intensified Bjerknes coupling. A final experiment that uses subsampled Aquarius at in situ locations infers that high‐density spatial sampling of Aquarius is the reason for the superior performance of Aquarius versus in situ SSS.
A diameter‐sensitive flow entropy method for reliability consideration in water distribution system design
Authors: Liu Haixing , Savić Dragan , Kapelan Zoran , Zhao Ming , Yuan Yixing , Zhao Hongbin
Published: June 2014

Flow entropy is a measure of uniformity of pipe flows in water distribution systems. By maximizing flow entropy one can identify reliable layouts or connectivity in networks. In order to overcome the disadvantage of the common definition of flow entropy that does not consider the impact of pipe diameter on reliability, an extended definition of flow entropy, termed as diameter‐sensitive flow entropy, is proposed. This new methodology is then assessed by using other reliability methods, including Monte Carlo Simulation, a pipe failure probability model, and a surrogate measure (resilience index) integrated with water demand and pipe failure uncertainty. The reliability assessment is based on a sample of WDS designs derived from an optimization process for each of the two benchmark networks. Correlation analysis is used to evaluate quantitatively the relationship between entropy and reliability. To ensure reliability, a comparative analysis between the flow entropy and the new method is conducted. The results demonstrate that the diameter‐sensitive flow entropy shows consistently much stronger correlation with the three reliability measures than simple flow entropy. Therefore, the new flow entropy method can be taken as a better surrogate measure for reliability and could be potentially integrated into the optimal design problem of WDSs. Sensitivity analysis results show that the velocity parameters used in the new flow entropy has no significant impact on the relationship between diameter‐sensitive flow entropy and reliability.
Future snowfall in western and central Europe projected with a high‐resolution regional climate model ensemble
Authors: de Vries Hylke , Lenderink Geert , van Meijgaard Erik
Published: June 2014

Snowfall frequency and intensity are influenced strongly by climate change. Here we separate the basic frequency change resulting from a gradually warming climate, from the intensity changes, by focusing on snowfall on days where the mean temperature is below freezing (Hellmann days). Using an ensemble of simulations, obtained with the high‐resolution regional climate model KNMI‐RACMO2 driven by the EC‐EARTH global climate model and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 forcing scenarios, we show that in addition to the strong decrease in the number of Hellmann days, also a substantial reduction in the mean Hellmann‐day snowfall can be expected over large parts of western and central Europe. Moreover, seasonal snowfall extremes display trends that are comparable or even larger. Projected intensity reductions are locally as large as −30% per degree warming, thus being in sharp contrast to mean winter precipitation, which increases in most future climate scenarios. Exceptions are the high Alps and parts of Scandinavia, which may see an increase of up to +10% per degree warming.
The radiative impact of clouds on the shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone
Authors: Voigt Aiko , Bony Sandrine , Dufresne Jean‐Louis , Stevens Bjorn
Published: June 2014

Whereas it is well established that clouds are important to changes in Earth's surface temperature, their impact on changes of the large‐scale atmospheric circulation is less well understood. Here we study the radiative impact of clouds on the shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in response to hemispheric surface albedo forcings. The problem is approached using aquaplanet simulations with four comprehensive atmosphere models. The radiative impact of clouds on the ITCZ shift differs in sign and magnitude across models and is responsible for half of the model spread in the ITCZ shift. The model spread is dominated by tropical clouds whose radiative impact is linked to the dependence of their cloud radiative properties on the circulation. The simulations not only demonstrate the importance of clouds for circulation changes but also propose a way to reduce the model uncertainty in ITCZ shifts.
Detecting decadal scale increases in anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean
Authors: Kouketsu Shinya , Murata Akihiko M.
Published: June 2014

We used two methods to evaluate the uncertainty of estimates of decadal scale increases of anthropogenic CO2 in the ocean: analysis of changes along observation sections and analysis of gridded data produced by a statistical model. Both methods yielded similar results, although some differences were apparent. Clear differences existed where large estimation uncertainties were associated with the use of gridded data. The sparsity of observations and influences of isopycnal heaving, water mass shifts, and other factors accounted for the large uncertainties of the estimates. Our results clearly indicated that more frequent observations will be necessary to understand anthropogenic CO2 changes around Antarctica, which is an important anthropogenic CO2 sink. The rate of increase of global anthropogenic CO2 storage in the most recent decade was estimated to be 28.7 Pg C decade−1 on the basis of changes along sections, which is a little larger than previous estimates based on model studies. The uncertainty based on the statistical method was as much as ±4.4 Pg C decade−1.
Solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations of subauroral ion drifts: Statistical results
Authors: He Fei , Zhang Xiao‐Xin , Chen Bo
Published: June 2014

The solar cycle, seasonal, and diurnal variations of the subauroral ion drifts (SAIDs) are investigated for the first time to use such a large database of 18,226 SAID events observed by the DMSP satellites during 1987–2012. Statistical results show that SAIDs occur mostly at 60.1° invariant latitude and 2230 magnetic local time with a typical half width of 0.57°, move equatorward during high solar activities with large widths, and have two occurrence peaks in spring and fall equinoxes and two valleys in summer and winter solstices. The seasonal variation of SAID latitude has two valleys in spring and fall, and SAID width has a valley distribution with a minimum in summer. SAIDs exhibit a clear day‐to‐night difference in latitude. The diurnal variation of SAID width has a morning valley and an afternoon peak. The generation mechanism of SAID associated with the electron precipitation and the downward field‐aligned current is also supported in this study.
Socio‐environmental variables associated with malnutrition and intestinal parasitoses in the child population of Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Zonta María L. , Oyhenart Evelia E. , Navone Graciela T.
Published: June 2014

Objectives

The aim was to analyze the socio‐environmental variables associated with malnutrition and intestinal parasitoses in children from Aristóbulo del Valle, Province of Misiones (Argentina).

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was performed in 2,291 schoolchildren (age, 4–14 years). Body weight and height were measured and body mass index was calculated. NHANES III reference was used to estimate the nutritional status—underweight, stunting, wasting, overweight, and obesity. The parasitological analysis was performed by fecal and anal brush samples. The socio‐environmental variables were surveyed using a semi‐structured questionnaire. These variables were processed by categorical principal component analysis (cat‐PCA).

Results

The two first axes defined four subgroups of schoolchildren: three of these were associated with urban characteristics (high, middle, and periurban), whereas the remaining subgroup was considered rural. Stunting and parasitic infections occurred mainly in the periurban group, that is the group of higher socio‐environmental vulnerability. On the other hand, the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity and the lowest parasitism was observed in the high urban group.

Conclusions

The similarity between rural and middle urban groups in stunting prevalence reveals that cities are not healthier than rural environments. On the contrary, the fact that the rural group presents the lowest prevalence of overweight reaffirms that poverty and malnutrition are progressively moving from rural to urban areas, and that rural children have still more diverse and healthy diets favored by the consumption of homemade products (i.e., orchards, animal husbandry, etc.), placing them at an earlier stage of the nutrition transition. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 26:609–616, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, self‐assembly, and drug release behavior of star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) block copolymer with porphyrin core
Authors: Feng Zhao , Zhi‐Ming Wang , Ya‐Fei Huang , Xiao‐Hui Dai , Yan‐Ru Ge , Jian‐Ming Pan , Yong‐Sheng Yan , Sun Lin
Published: June 2014

A serial of star‐shaped poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene oxide) (SPPCL‐b‐PEO) block copolymers with porphyrin core were successfully synthesized from ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone (CL) initiated with porphyrin core, followed by coupling reaction with a hydrophilic polymer poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) shell. The structure of this novel copolymer were synthesized and thoroughly characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Notably, the as‐prepared porphyrin‐cored star‐shaped copolymer could self‐assembly into different structures determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic lighting scattering (DLS), which provides the great potential of using this well‐defined photodynamic therapy material for drug delivery system. Particularly, the doxorubicin‐loaded SPPCL‐b‐PEO nanosphere exhibits property of pH‐induced drug release. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40996.
Thermal conductivity of filled sol‐gel‐derived hybrid materials
Authors: Pihale Sven , Eder Florian , Kroke Edwin
Published: June 2014

A novel sol‐gel‐based hybrid material has been synthesized from organofunctional silanes and aluminates via hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The hybrid material was—in comparison to a silicone rubber—filled with equal amounts of metal filler particles in order to investigate the effective thermal conductivity. The data obtained were compared with theoretical models available in literature to gain understanding of mechanisms responsible for the measured conductivities. Samples were prepared via casting and spin‐coating techniques on Teflon® and silicon substrates and characterized using laser flash analysis (LFA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demonstrated, that the hybrid material with an aluminum content of 40 vol % offers the possibility to achieve an up to five times higher thermal conductivity than filled silicone references. The influence of thermal transition between matrix material and filler was evaluated by a sandwich‐layer setup. The results suggest that increased thermal conductivity is also caused by the lower thermal resistance and improved interphase connections within the hybrid material. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41037.
Steep Increase in Myonuclear Domain Size During Infancy
Authors: Delhaas Tammo , Van der Meer Sander F.T. , Schaart Gert , Degens Hans , Drost Maarten R.
Published: June 2014

We investigated whether myonuclear number increases in proportion to the increase in fiber size during maturational growth of skeletal muscle. Thoraco‐abdominal muscle tissue was obtained from twenty 6‐day to 15‐year‐old boys and girls during cardiothoracic surgery. Cross‐sections were stained by anti‐laminin for the basal lamina and by DAPI to identify nuclei. Basal lamina was traced on digital images to measure the fiber cross‐sectional area (FCSA). Nuclei located within the basal lamina were considered myonuclei if pax7‐negative and satellite cell nuclei if pax7‐positive. Samples of two children were excluded from analysis because of clear signs of hypoxia as shown by positive carbonic anhydrase IX staining. Linear regression showed that FCSA increased with age by 187 μm2·per annum (R2 = 0.90; P < 0.001). Satellite cell density showed a dramatic decrease in the first months of life, but this was not accompanied by an increase in myonuclei per muscle fiber cross‐section. Till four years of age the number of myonuclei per muscle fiber cross‐section remained relatively constant but increased thereafter. Myonuclear domain size showed a steep increase during infancy and reached adult values in the young adolescent phase. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.