bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Saadya Refer to the Accents in his Introduction to the Pentateuch?
Authors: Habib Joseph
Published: November 2022

In the introduction to his long commentary on the Pentateuch, the Rabbanite scholar Saadya Gaon discusses the importance of word groupings. The possibility has been raised that here Saadya is referring to the biblical accents. The purpose of this article is to determine whether or not Saadya has the accents in mind. This is done through a close analysis of select key terms and the biblical passages mentioned in the passage.
Liver Venous Deprivation for Rapid Liver Hypertrophy Before Major Hepatectomy: A Case Report
Authors: John Nathan , Montorfano Lisandro , Nagarajan Arun , Simpfendorfer Conrad H , Wexner Steven D , Amin Parag , Roy Mayank
Published: November 2022

Liver venous deprivation (LVD) is an emerging, minimally invasive strategy to induce rapid liver hypertrophy of the future liver remnant (FLR) before a major hepatectomy. LVD (aka “double vein embolization”) entails same-session percutaneous embolization of the portal and hepatic veins of the planned liver resection. This report discusses LVD’s utilization and technical challenges in managing a 49-year-old male with recurrent multifocal colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). The patient initially underwent neoadjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy followed by a simultaneous laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy and liver surgery (microwave ablation of segment V and wedge resections of segment one and IVb), followed by completion of chemotherapy. The patient had an R0 resection with clear colon and liver surgical margins. Nine months after the initial surgery, the patient had a rise in tumor markers, and surveillance imaging demonstrated recurrence of liver metastases in segments I and V. LVD was performed by interventional radiology, which led to a 28% increase in FLR (segments II, III, and IV); initially measuring 464 cm3 before LVD and measuring 594 cm3 on post-procedure day 21. The patient underwent right hemi-hepatectomy and caudate resection on post-procedure day 29. The patient did not have any complications and was discharged on postoperative day 6. The patient remains disease-free with no evidence of recurrence at 12 months follow-up.
Outcomes of Anastomotic Evaluation Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence during Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Authors: Banks Kian C. , Barnes Katherine E. , Wile Rachel K. , Hung Yun-Yi , Santos Jesse , Hsu Diana S. , Choe Giye , Elmadhun Nassrene Y. , Ashiku Simon K. , Patel Ashish R. , Velotta Jeffrey B.
Published: November 2022

Background

Limited evidence exists assessing whether anastomotic evaluation using indocyanine green fluorescence (IGF) during minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) predicts or improves outcomes. We hypothesized that IGF helps surgeons predict anastomotic complications and reduces anastomotic leaks after MIE.

Methods

In September 2019, our institution began routinely using IGF for intraoperative evaluation of anastomoses during MIE. Data were collected from patients undergoing MIE in the two years before and after this technology began being routinely used. Baseline characteristics and outcomes, including anastomotic leak, in patients who underwent indocyanine green fluorescence evaluation (ICG) and those who did not (nICG) were compared. Outcomes were also compared between ICG patients with normal versus abnormal fluorescence.

Results

Overall, 181 patients were included. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics did not differ between the ICG and nICG groups. ICG patients experienced higher rates of anastomotic leak (10.2% vs. 1.6%, P = .015) and 90-day mortality (8.5% vs. 1.6%, P = .04) compared to nICG patients. Due to lack of equipment availability, 19 nICG patients underwent MIE after the use of IGF became routine, and none developed leaks. ICG patients with abnormal fluorescence had higher rates of anastomotic leak (71.4% vs 1.9%, P < .001) and 30-day mortality (28.6% vs 0%, P = .012) compared to those with normal fluorescence.

Discussion

Abnormal intraoperative IGF was associated with increased rate of anastomotic leak, suggesting predictive potential of IGF. However, its use was associated with an increased leak rate and higher mortality. Further studies are warranted to assess possible physiologic effects of indocyanine green on the esophageal anastomosis.
Social media as a means of visual biographical performance and biographical work
Authors: Breckner Roswitha , Mayer Elisabeth
Published: November 2022

With the rise of social media, forms of communication emerge that are increasingly defined by the use of images. From the perspective of biographical research and visual sociology, the article addresses the question in how far biographical work becomes visible while visual biographies are formed in digitalized visual communication. It proposes a way how these processes can be studied with interpretive biographical and visual methodologies. Based on empirical material from Austria, we show how biographical performances in social media differ, in form and content, from conventional verbal-narratives, and how they simultaneously relate to each other. We present a case study that shows in depth how images on Facebook and Instagram become biographically relevant and what kind of biographical work takes place there. The methodological procedure consists of an innovative triangulation that combines visual analyses, biographical-narrative interviews and media interviews. The aim of this article is to give insights into the biographical significance and biographical work of visual biographies in social media, and to propose by triangulation of different data analysis a way of exploring the intertwining of narrative and visual biographies.
Contract Employment: Measurement and Implications for Employer–Employee Relationships
Authors: Osterman Paul
Published: November 2022

This article utilizes a new nationally representative survey, executed in January 2020, that measures non-standard work. The author estimates the incidence of contract company employment and freelancing and describes who goes into non-standard employment. He then studies earnings and access to employer-provided training among contract company employees—the largest and most mis-measured group of non-standard workers. Training is important because it affects wage growth and career trajectories and also gives insight into the evolving character of employment relationships. Findings indicate that contract company employees face an earnings penalty but that considerable heterogeneity occurs within this category. The analysis of multiple forms of formal training finds that contract company employees receive less training than do standard employees even after multiple controls. Informal training is more textured due to the nature of social interactions inherent in its availability. Throughout the analysis, racial and ethnic disparities are apparent.
How do political opportunities impact protest potential? A multilevel cross-national assessment
Authors: Williams Dana M
Published: November 2022

This article tests the general explanatory power of political opportunity theory for cross-national variations in protest throughout the world, and considers how opportunities influence individual-level characteristics crucial for coalition-formation and campaigns. This study constructs a multilevel model of protest potential, using survey data from individuals across 43 countries, drawn from the fifth and sixth waves of the World Values Survey, combined with political, economic, and cultural factors measured for each country. While many individual factors predicted individuals’ protest potential, a mixture of country-level factors—including select political opportunities—are of general importance. Country-level regime durability and empowerment rights moderated the effect of organization membership, social trust, and political ideology on protest, demonstrating how political opportunity interacts to enhance the impact of individual characteristics relevant to coalition-building and campaigns.
Mental health disorders in English newspapers of India: A retrospective study
Authors: Arneaud Gervan J , Kar Anindya , Majumder Sunrit , Molodynski Andrew , Lovett Kate , Kar Satyabrata
Published: November 2022

Background:

In recent years there has been significant coverage of mental health in Indian newspapers; the media can play a significant role in perpetuating as well as reducing stigma towards people with mental illness. This paper analyses the content, context and type of newspaper coverage of various mental health disorders in English language newspapers in India between 2016 and 2021.

Methods:

A detailed analysis was performed on a sample of articles about mental illness in a range of English language Indian newspapers.

Results:

Depression was the most prevalent topic amongst the articles followed by anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our study describes a wide range of use of mental health disorders in various newspapers. All diagnoses were generally described in a criminal context like homicide, sexual assault and other crimes. Over time newspaper coverage of mental illness has become less stigmatising. Further exploration of non-English medium newspapers is required to fully understand the extent of the role of print media in perpetuating unhelpful stereotypes of people with mental illness in India.
Daily Job Crafting and Adaptive Performance During Organizational Change: The Moderating Role of Managers’ Influence Tactics
Authors: Vakola Maria , Xanthopoulou Despoina , Demerouti Evaggelia
Published: November 2022

Is job crafting relevant for adaptive performance in the absence of managers’ effective influence tactics and the presence of ineffective tactics? Based on job demands-resources and conservation of resources theories, we examined whether employee daily job crafting behaviors (i.e., resources seeking, challenges seeking, demands reducing) interact with overall managers’ influence tactics during times of organizational change in explaining change outcomes. Twenty-nine hotel employees completed a questionnaire to evaluate their managers’ influence tactics, and then a diary for five consecutive workdays to assess daily job crafting behaviors and daily adaptive performance during a large-scale change. Multilevel analyses revealed that daily seeking resources related positively to adaptive performance particularly when specific managers’ influence tactics were low. These findings imply that employees compensate for the absence of managers’ influence tactics by seeking resources in order to facilitate their own adaptation to organizational changes.
Experimental study on FBG sensing technology-based stress monitoring at the corners of reinforced soil retaining walls
Authors: Li Xupeng , Long Jianhui , Guo Shiyi , Yang Manchun , Zhang Tianxing , An Chengji , Pei Yuanyuan
Published: November 2022

As a unique type of flexible slope fill-retaining structure, reinforced soil-retaining walls have the advantages of convenient construction, broad application conditions, good seismic performance, and high economic benefits. In general, reinforced soil-retaining walls appear at corners due to the restriction in topographic conditions during engineering construction. However, their special structures and stress conditions are usually ignored, thus triggering panel bulging, cracking, and collapse. In this study, an experimental method based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology was proposed for a physical model of reinforced soil-retaining walls. Then, a uniformly distributed load experiment was performed on this model by combining the measurement advantages of intelligent wire-type soil pressure sensors and the flexible characteristics of geotechnical reinforcement materials. The deformation development of this reinforced soil-retaining wall was monitored. Results revealed that before and after the loading of the reinforced soil-retaining wall, the deformation was mainly concentrated above the retaining wall, and the deformation scale at the corners was larger than that in the bilateral linear parts. After loading, the largest force deformation area on the retaining wall was transferred from the corners to the load area. The maximum strain was right beneath the load above the retaining wall, and the peak value at the other layers gradually approached the retaining wall. The experimental results prove that FBG sensing technology is feasible and effective for the whole-process monitoring of reinforced soil-retaining walls and is thus worthy of popularization and application.
High-efficiency and durable glycerol-based reactive flame retardants for cotton fabric
Authors: Guo Xinran , Liu Jilan , Guo Yuwei , Dong Luqian , Shen Dantong , Zhang Guangxian , Feng Yajuan , Xu Fang , Weng Yunxuan
Published: November 2022

A novel efficient and durable glycerol-based reactive flame retardant, ammonium triphosphoric acid glycerol ester, was successfully synthesized. Ammonium triphosphoric acid glycerol ester was grafted onto cotton fabrics through dip-pad-dry-cure technology, and cotton fabrics with excellent and durable flame retardancy were prepared. The limiting oxygen index value of the cotton fabric treated with 20% ammonium triphosphoric acid glycerol ester reached 37.3%, which was maintained at 26.5% after 50 laundry cycles. The treated cotton fabrics were not ignited in the vertical burning tests, much char formed, and still kept their fiber shapes after combustion. The results of X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the treatment had little detrimental effect on the original structure of the cotton fabrics. Ammonium triphosphoric acid glycerol ester can effectively promote cellulose dehydration into char, and play a flame retardant role in both condensed phase and gas phase. Mechanical property testing shows that the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics treated with 20% ammonium triphosphoric acid glycerol ester are maintained well, and can serve as clothing fabrics and decorative supplies.
Seven-year-long screening of phthalate esters in clothing and textile products from a quality control laboratory
Authors: Aldegunde-Louzao Natalia , López Pablo Pérez , Aira Manuel Lolo , Latorre Carlos Herrero
Published: November 2022

The results of extensive yearly screening (2014–2020) of ortho-phthalate ester levels in textiles sent to a quality control laboratory by textile companies from southern European and northern African countries are presented. Six different regulated phthalates: benzyl butyl phthalate, di-butyl phthalate, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-iso-decyl phthalate, di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-n-octyl phthalate, were measured in 4729 samples of textile materials from 10 different groups. Analyses were carried out according to the standard gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy procedure, as described by the US Consumer Product Safety Commission. The results revealed a high level of compliance with the European Union legislation (97.25%). In the group of noncompliant samples (total phthalate content >0.1% w/w), positive results were due to the presence of two or more phthalates in almost 60% of the cases. The phthalate esters most commonly detected were di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, followed by di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-butyl phthalate. In the group of compliant samples (total phthalate <0.1% w/w), the same frequency of occurrence was identified, but in this case most of the samples (almost 90%) contained only one phthalate. In addition, a growing tendency for a decrease in di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate levels and an increase in di-iso-nonyl phthalate and di-iso-decyl phthalate concentrations were detected throughout the study, due to replacement of the former by the latter in the use as a plasticizer. No significant differences between countries were noted with regard to the frequency or concentration of phthalates in the textile samples. The study findings contribute to advancing knowledge about the phthalate content of textiles and to evaluating and controlling the potential risks of exposure to these compounds.
Is Your Accent Right for the Job? A Meta-Analysis on Accent Bias in Hiring Decisions
Authors: Spence Jessica L. , Hornsey Matthew J. , Stephenson Eloise M. , Imuta Kana
Published: November 2022

Standard-accented job candidates are perceived as more hireable than non-standard-accented candidates. Two broad perspectives have emerged as to what drives this effect: (a) that it is a pragmatic response to the perception that non-standard accents can impede job-relevant communication (processing fluency explanation) and/or (b) that non-standard accents signal “otherness” and candidates are devalued as a result (prejudice explanation). This meta-analytic integration of 139 effect sizes ( N = 4,576) examined these two perspectives. Standard-accented candidates were considered more hireable than non-standard-accented candidates ( d = 0.47)—a bias that was stronger for high communication jobs. Other findings, however, are difficult to explain from a processing fluency explanation: candidates’ relative comprehensibility was not a significant moderator of hiring bias. Moreover, the degree of accent bias was associated with perceptions of the candidates’ social status, and accent bias was particularly pronounced among female candidates and for candidates who spoke in foreign (as compared with regional) accents.
The educational intervention gifted children need most: To become wise, not just smart
Authors: Sternberg Robert J
Published: November 2022

Gifted students should be taught not only for knowledge and for intelligence-enhancing techniques, but also for wisdom. What the world needs most, but also most lacks, is wisdom in the gifted individuals who become leaders. Teaching for wisdom means helping students to look toward a common good; by balancing their own with others’, and with larger interests; over the long-as well as the short-term; through the infusion of positive ethical values; in order to adapt to, shape, and select environments. This essay deals with how wisdom might be entered into the curriculum for gifted students.
Method for Calculating the Simultaneous Maximum Acceptable Risk Threshold (SMART) from Discrete-Choice Experiment Benefit-Risk Studies
Authors: Fairchild Angelyn Otteson , Reed Shelby D. , Gonzalez Juan Marcos
Published: November 2022

Background

Medical decisions require weighing expected benefits of treatment against multiple adverse outcomes under uncertainty (i.e., risks) that must be accepted as a bundle. However, conventional maximum acceptable risk (MAR) estimates derived from discrete-choice experiment benefit-risk studies evaluate the acceptance of individual risks, assuming other risks are fixed, potentially leading decision makers to misinterpret levels of risk acceptance.

Design

Using simulations and a published discrete-choice experiment, we demonstrate a method for identifying multidimensional risk-tolerance measures given a treatment level of benefit.

Results

Simultaneous Maximum Acceptable Risk Thresholds (SMART) represents combinations of risks that would be jointly accepted in exchange for specific treatment benefits. The framework shows how the expectation of utility associated with treatments that involve multiple risks are related even when preferences for potential adverse events are independent. We find that the form of the marginal effects of adverse-event probabilities on the expected utility of treatment determines the magnitude of differences between SMART and conventional single-outcome MAR estimates.

Limitations

Preferences for potential adverse events not considered in a study or preferences for adverse-event attributes held constant in risk-tolerance calculations may affect estimated risk tolerance. Further research is needed to understand the right balance between realistically reflecting clinical treatments with many potential adverse events and the cognitive burden of evaluating risk-risk tradeoffs in research and in practice.

Conclusions and Implications

SMART analysis should be considered in preference studies evaluating the joint acceptance of multiple potential adverse events.

Highlights

Conventional approaches to calculate maximum-acceptable risk (MAR) using discrete-choice experiment data account for 1 adverse-event risk at a time, requiring that decision makers infer the acceptability of treatments when patients are exposed to multiple risks simultaneously. The Simultaneous Maximum Acceptable Risk Threshold (SMART) maps combinations of adverse-event risks that would be jointly acceptable given a specific treatment benefit and provides a transparent and precise portrayal of acceptance of multiple risks. Risk levels that would be accepted using individual MAR estimates might not be acceptable when simultaneous risks are considered, especially when marginal expected disutility of risk is decreasing nonlinearly with risk probabilities. Preference researchers should calculate SMARTs in any discrete-choice study in which 2 or more adverse-event risks are presented, particularly if risk preferences are nonlinear.
Resistance or Capitulation? How Discrete Emotions Shape Citizens’ Interactions With the Administrative State
Authors: Bell Elizabeth , Christensen Julian , Jessen Hansen Kristina
Published: November 2022

Public administration researchers have found that unfavorable state actions can trigger negative emotions in citizens, but the behavioral consequences of these emotions have been understudied. We draw on psychological insights to predict how discrete emotional responses to unfavorable interactions with the state (specifically: administrative decisions to deny access to public benefits) will predict citizens’ coping behaviors, such as whether they voice grievances, file complaints, and seek information. We test our hypotheses using a survey of applicants of a notoriously burdensome, means-tested tuition-free college program in Oklahoma, USA. In line with our theoretical framework, we find anger increases opposition behaviors in reaction to losses of access to the program, whereas shame reduces opposition among citizens. We also find that fear increases information-seeking and resistance behaviors. The results demonstrate the role of discrete emotions in predicting state-directed citizen behaviors, but also provide the groundwork for applying the discrete emotions framework to other actors, such as public managers and street-level bureaucrats.
Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with central airway obstruction due to an endotracheal mass
Authors: Lee Misoon , Jung Hyun Chul , Jung Jaewoong , Chung Yang-Hoon , Seo YongHan , Koo Bon-Sung , Chae Won Seok
Published: November 2022

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assists blood circulation and gas exchange via a heart–lung machine. ECMO is used mainly in intensive care units as bridging therapy until heart and respiratory failure can be addressed or until transplantation can be performed. ECMO is sometimes used during surgery under general anaesthesia, depending on the patient’s underlying diseases and the nature of the operation. If the oxygen supply and carbon dioxide removal capacity are limited, venovenous (VV)-ECMO can be helpful. Here, we describe the use of VV-ECMO for surgical resection of an endotracheal mass through rigid bronchoscopy in a patient who developed decompensating dyspnoea due to central airway obstruction (CAO).
Ventilator avoidance among critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Fletcher Jeffrey J , Aughenbaugh Arielle , Svabek Catherine , Hahn Peter Y , Grifka Ronald G
Published: November 2022

Objective

To determine the incidence and significance of ventilator avoidance in patients with critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study evaluated hospital mortality and 1-year functional outcome among critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The explanatory variable was ventilator avoidance, modeled as ‘initial refusal’ of intubation (yes/no). Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were obtained from surviving patients (or their surrogates) via phone or email questionnaire.

Results

Among patients for whom intubation was recommended ( n = 102), 40 (39%) initially refused (95% confidence interval [CI] 30%, 49%). The risk of death was 79.3% (49/62) in those who did not initially refuse intubation compared with 77.5% (31/40) in those who initially refused, with an adjusted odds ratio for death of 1.27 (95% CI 0.47, 3.48). The distribution of 1-year mRS scores was not significantly different between groups.

Conclusion

Among critically ill patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS, ventilator avoidance was common, but was not associated with increased in-hospital mortality or 1-year functional outcome.
“Fearless” Revisited: How This Peer-to-Peer Self-Help Group for Sex Offense Registrants and Their Families Continued to Operate during a Global Pandemic
Authors: Sample Lisa L. , Cooley Brooke N. , Garman Julie D.
Published: November 2022

Among the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic, peer-to-peer support groups sought virtual environments to bring individuals together. Building upon previous research of Fearless, a peer-to-peer support group for registered individuals, this study examines how changes in the format from in person to virtual impacted the group’s ability to provide social support to members. A snowball sampling technique was used to identify 25 members of Fearless who regularly attended the group’s virtual monthly meetings during the COVID social restrictions. Using thematic narrative analysis, researchers found that the virtual format offered both positive and negative changes for members of the group. Although participants note various challenges of virtual meetings, like concerns for privacy, online meetings still provided opportunities for members to continue identity work, which is critical for continued prosocial behavior.
Analysis for the prediction of solar and wind generation in India using ARIMA, linear regression and random forest algorithms
Authors: Chauhan Brajlata , Tabassum Rashida , Tomar Sanjiv , Pal Amrindra
Published: November 2022

This work focused on the prediction of generation of renewable energy (solar and wind) using the machine learning ML algorithms. Prediction of generation are very important to design the better microgrids storage. The various ML algorithms are as logistic regression LR and random forest RA and the ARIMA, time series algorithms. The performance of each algorithm is evaluated using the mean absolute error, mean squared error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute percentage error. The MAE value for the ARIMA (0.06 and 0.20) model for solar and wind energy is very less as compared to RF (15.65 and 61.73) and LR (15.78 and 54.65) of solar and wind energy. Same with MSE and RMSE, the MSE and RMSE value for the ARIMA of solar energy model obtained is 0.01 and 0.08 and wind energy is 0.07 and 0.27 respectively. Comparative analysis of all of these matrices of each algorithm for both the dataset, we concluded that the ARIMA model is best fit for the forecasting of solar energy and wind energy.
Synergistic Effect of Reverse Drilling and Bone Dust on Femoral Tendon-Bone Healing After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Yang Weinan , Li Congsun , Ji Xiaoxiao , Yao Minjun , Hong Jianqiao , Qu Zihao , Liu An , Wu Haobo
Published: November 2022

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and bone tunnel enlargement (BTE) after ACL reconstruction (ACLR) remain frequent issues. Bone dust (BD) produced by tunnel preparation with osteogenic ability and reverse drilling (RD), an easy compaction technique, make it accessible to enhance tendon-bone healing in the clinic.

Hypothesis:

RD and BD synergistically promote tendon-bone healing by improving peritunnel bone and preventing BTE in femurs.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

In total, 96 New Zealand White rabbits underwent ACLR. The semitendinosus tendon was freed before medial parapatellar arthrotomy. After the native ACL was transected, bone tunnels were prepared through the footprint of the native ACL. All animals were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups according to different tunnel preparation methods: group 1 (irrigation after extraction drilling [ED]; control group), group 2 (irrigation after RD), group 3 (no irrigation after ED), and group 4 (no irrigation after RD). BD was harvested by irrigating tunnels and was characterized by morphology and size. The specimens underwent microarchitectural, histological, and biomechanical evaluations at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively.

Results:

Micro–computed tomography demonstrated more peritunnel bone and less BTE in the femurs of group 4 compared with the other groups. Histologically, BD possessed osteogenic activity in bone tunnels postoperatively. Meanwhile, group 4 regenerated a higher amount of the tendon-bone interface and more peritunnel bone than group 1. Biomechanically, group 4 showed higher failure loads and stiffness than group 1. However, peritunnel bone loss, active osteoclasts, and significant BTE were found in the femurs of group 1 and group 3 at 12 weeks postoperatively, while no strong correlation was found between BTE and inflammatory cytokines. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis suggested that BD produced by ED and RD had no difference in size.

Conclusion:

Tendon-bone healing was facilitated by the synergistic effect of RD and BD in femurs.

Clinical Relevance:

This study provides a more accessible and effective surgical strategy to promote tendon-bone healing after ACLR by increasing peritunnel bone and preventing BTE in femurs.
Reliability of Radiographic Imaging Characteristics for Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Capitellum
Authors:   The ROCKET Group, Nissen Carl , Bohn Deborah C. , Crepeau Allison , Edmonds Eric , Ganley Theodore , Kostyun Regina , Lawrence J. Todd R. , Pace J. Lee , Saluan Paul , Uquillas Carlos , Wall Eric , Wilson Philip L. , Bae Donald S.
Published: November 2022

Background:

A primary challenge in the treatment of capitellar osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is accurate imaging assessment. Radiographic classification consensus is not available in the current literature, and correlation of radiographs with lesion stability and resultant best treatment is lacking.

Purpose:

To determine the inter- and intrarater reliability of the presence or absence and common radiographic characteristics of capitellar OCD lesions.

Study Design:

Cohort study (Diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique radiographs for 29 cases were reviewed by 7 orthopaedic surgeons. Images were assessed for elbow anthropometry and morphology, OCD presence, lesion characteristics, the presence of progeny bone and progeny features, and radial head abnormalities. Intra- and interrater reliability was assessed using Fleiss and Cohen kappa for nominal variables and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for continuous variables.

Results:

Surgeons demonstrated substantial to excellent inter- and intrarater reliability when assessing elbow characteristics: anthropometric (interrater ICC, 0.94-0.99; intrarater ICC, 0.82-0.96) and morphologic (Fleiss, 0.61-0.76; Cohen, 0.68). When the OCD lesion was assessed, fair to moderate interrater agreement was found for classifying the absence or presence of a lesion (Fleiss, 0.28-0.46) and the location of the OCD (Fleiss, 0.24-0.52), poor agreement for assessing the contour of the lesion (Fleiss, 0.00-0.09), and excellent agreement for measuring the size of the lesion (ICC, 0.82-0.94). Poor to fair interrater agreement was found for radial head abnormalities (Fleiss, 0.00-0.27). Progeny bone visualization and fragmentation demonstrated moderate interrater agreement (Fleiss, 0.43-0.47) where displacement of the bone demonstrated poor interrater agreement (Fleiss, 0.11-0.16). Intrarater agreement for OCD lesion characteristics, progeny bone visualization, and progeny bone features was moderate to excellent.

Conclusion:

Given only the fair to moderate agreement among raters for identifying OCD on radiographs, this imaging modality may not serve as a dependable screening tool in isolation. Additional imaging should be obtained if the clinical presentation suggests capitellar OCD and a definitive diagnosis is not possible with radiographs. However, clinicians can reliability measure the size of radiographically apparent OCD, suggesting that radiographs may serve as an appropriate imaging modality for follow-up care.
Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis in Knee Arthroscopy: A Break-Even Analysis of Cost
Authors: Martinazzi Brandon J. , Kirchner Gregory J. , Lorenz F. Jeffrey , Bonaddio Vincenzo , Hines Shawn , Kim Raymond Y. , Gallo Robert A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious and costly complication after knee arthroscopy. There continues to be debate regarding the use of VTE prophylaxis after knee arthroscopy, and minimal research has explored its cost-effectiveness.

Hypothesis:

Both aspirin and enoxaparin would be cost-effective in preventing symptomatic VTE.

Study Design:

Economic and decision analysis; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

The literature was searched and the TriNetX research database was queried to determine a range of initial rates of VTE. An open-access retail database was used to determine the mean retail price for aspirin (325 mg) and enoxaparin (30 mg and 40 mg). Our institutional records were used to determine the cost of treating VTE. A “break-even” analysis was then performed to determine the absolute risk reduction necessary to make these drugs cost-effective. This value was then used to calculate the number of patients who would need to be treated (NNT) to prevent a single VTE while still breaking even on cost.

Results:

The cost of treating VTE was $9407 (US Dollars). Aspirin (325 mg), enoxaparin (30 mg), and enoxaparin (40 mg) were found to cost $1.86, $188.72, and $99.99, respectively. The low, TriNetX, and high rates of VTE were 0.34%, 0.86%, and 10.9%, respectively. Aspirin was cost-effective at all 3 rates if the initial rate decreased by 0.02% (NNT = 5058). Both formulations of enoxaparin were cost-effective at the high initial rate if they decreased by 2.01% (NNT = 50) and 1.06% (NNT = 94), respectively. However, at the low and TriNetX rates, the 2 doses of enoxaparin were not cost-effective because their final break-even rate exceeded the initial VTE rate.

Conclusion:

Aspirin and, in some cases, enoxaparin are cost-effective treatments for VTE prophylaxis after knee arthroscopy.
The Affiliative Use of Emoji and Hashtags in the Black Lives Matter Movement in Twitter
Authors: Alfano Mark , Reimann Ritsaart , Quintana Ignacio Ojea , Chan Anastasia , Cheong Marc , Klein Colin
Published: November 2022

Protests and counter-protests seek to draw and direct attention and concern with confronting images and slogans. In recent years, as protests and counter-protests have partially migrated to the digital space, such images and slogans have also gone online. Two main ways in which these images and slogans are translated to the online space is through the use of emoji and hashtags. Despite sustained academic interest in online protests, hashtag activism, and the use of emoji across social media platforms, little is known about the specific functional role that emoji and hashtags play in online social movements. In an effort to fill this gap, the current paper studies both hashtags and emoji in the context of the Twitter discourse around the Black Lives Matter movement.
Pharmacist-Managed Diabetic Retinopathy in Hispanic/LatinX Population
Authors: Patel Janvi , Gonzalvo Jasmine D , Eckert George J , Schmelz Andrew N , Bhatwadekar Ashay D
Published: November 2022

There are three major microvascular complications of diabetes, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy, among which diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common. Several studies suggest that the Hispanic/LatinX population exhibit the highest cases of both diabetes and DR. Strategies aimed at reducing risk factors that could minimize the likelihood of DR development or progression could be beneficial. This retrospective study assessed DR in the Hispanic/LatinX population in pharmacist-managed cardiovascular risk reduction services. A chart review was conducted for 60 individuals who visited clinics led by both a pharmacist and a primary care physician (intervention group) and 178 individuals who saw physicians only (control group). Demographics, metabolic parameters, DR severity, and pharmacist appointment data were collected. The highest benefit of pharmacist intervention was observed in terms of a greater but insignificant decrease in HbA1c; however, there was no benefit of pharmacist’s intervention on DR in general, likely due to the longer duration of diabetes and higher HbA1c at the beginning of the study. When the DR progression was examined based on the frequency of pharmacy visits, individuals who met a pharmacist more than two times per year showed more stable and lesser worsening of DR. Overall, our studies suggest that pharmacist intervention could benefit retinopathy outcome; however, well-known determinants of DR such as good glycemic control and duration of diabetes still play a critical role, in addition to challenges in receiving healthcare by the Hispanic/LatinX population. Future strategies in a prospective manner could help retinopathy outcomes in these at-risk patient populations.
Rethinking Volunteering as a Natural Resource: A Conceptual Typology
Authors: Koolen-Maas Stephanie A. , Meijs Lucas C. P.M. , van Overbeeke Philine S. M. , Brudney Jeffrey L.
Published: November 2022

Volunteering can be understood as a human-made, renewable resource that can be grown and recycled, and whose continuation and volume of flow can be influenced by human beings positively as well as negatively. We extend the metaphor and break down the monolithic concept into three categories: traditional (wild salmon), third party (farmed fish), and spontaneous (marine zooplankton). Each volunteer resource (a) manifests in particular forms of volunteer service, (b) serves different purposes, (c) has different antecedents, (d) is harvested in different ways by different stakeholders meeting different conditions, and requires a specific form of management, based on its (e) benefits and challenges, (f) resource level, (g) propagation methods, and (h) sustainability needs. The three resources are fluid and interact dynamically. The distinction of three volunteer resources and their dynamics extends the conceptualization of volunteering as a natural resource and informs a new research agenda.
The Scarring Effect of First Job Precarity: New Evidence from a Panel Study in Hong Kong
Authors: Xu Duoduo , Jin Shuheng , Pun Ngai , Guo Jiao , Wu Xiaogang
Published: November 2022

Does entering the labour market via precarious employment have a long-term scarring effect on one’s career? Prior research proposes diverse arguments, but firm conclusions remain elusive. Using panel data from Hong Kong, this study rekindles this debate by revealing the long-lasting effect of first job precarity on workers’ subsequent career prospects. A comprehensive measure of precarious employment is constructed to simultaneously account for employment status, contractual status and occupational status, and random effects models are used to test the scarring effect of first job precarity on subsequent monthly income, job satisfaction and fringe benefits. It is also observed that macroeconomic situations, particularly periods of economic crisis, have a detrimental effect on entry into precarious employment. Importantly, the results show the substantial negative consequences of initial precarious employment, highlighting the adverse impact of economic crises on first job precarity and the subsequent scarring effect on career prospects.
Improved tribological and bearing vibration performance of calcium sulfonate complex grease dispersed with MoS2 and oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Can , Liu Zheng , Ni Jing , Yang Kai , Yang Haining , Li Xinglin
Published: November 2022

Molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles is an effective additive used to enhance the tribological properties of greases. However, there are four main mechanisms for improving the tribological properties of nanoparticles. Nano-MoS2 mainly plays the role of film formation, but it is difficult to achieve rolling, mending, and polishing effect. In this paper, based on addition of MoS2 nanoparticles, CuO, SiO2, and Al2O3 nanoparticles are further added to calcium sulfonate complex grease to achieve the other three effects, hoping to further improve the tribological performance of the grease. The tribological properties and the suppression effect on bearing vibration of the five greases were studied by four-ball friction experiment and bearing vibration experiment. The results show that a protective film consisting of MoS2 and MoO3 is formed on the worn surface. The addition of three oxide nanoparticles can further improve the properties of the calcium sulfonate complex grease containing MoS2 nanoparticles. Among them, calcium sulfonate complex grease with MoS2 and SiO2 nanoparticles performs the best, with 11.9% decrease in friction coefficient, 5.9% reduce in wear scar diameter, 27% decrease in the high frequency vibration of the bearing. The wettability test shows that the contact Angle of polyα-olefin 40 base oil on the thickening agent surface of calcium sulfonate complex grease containing MoS2 and SiO2 nanoparticles is the smallest, and it can be quickly added to the raceway.
Effect of carbon fiber layers on braiding properties during three-dimensional weaving
Authors: Xue Debo , He Lei , Tan Shuai , Xue Peng , Cheng Xiang , Yang Xianhai , Dong Lei
Published: November 2022

Carbon fiber composites are widely used in aerospace, rail transportation, and other fields. In the three-dimensional weaving process of carbon fiber preforms, the collision and dislocation of weaving needle and guide bar caused by the deformation of guide bar directly affect the normal operation of weaving process. In order to improve the precast precision and quality, this paper intends to study the deformation mechanism of the outermost guide rod by combining theory and experiment. Based on statically indestructible beam theory, a mathematical model of the influence of the number of weaving layers on the deflection of the guide bar was established, and the influence of the number of weaving layers on the value range of the weaving region and the influence of the transverse precision of the precast was obtained. With the increase of weaving layers, the needle feeding range gradually decreases, the compacted layer is 100 layers compared with 20 layers, and the injection interval is reduced by 20.93%. When the compacted layer is 60 layers, the range of needle insertion decreases rapidly with the increase of the number of layers in each step. Compared with the 10 layers in each step, the range of needle insertion decreases 30.54% when the number of layers in each step is 25 layers, and it is better to control the number of layers in each step within 20 layers. When weaving 120 layers in different steps, the average deviation between the theoretical and experimental values of transverse accuracy is 5.06%, which verifies the correctness of the theoretical calculation. It provides a theoretical basis for the design of fiber prefabricated fabric weaving equipment and the improvement of weaving technology.
Evaluating glass fiber reinforced composite sleepers to mitigate elastic fastening system spike fatigue failure: A finite element study
Authors: Khachaturian Christian , Dersch Marcus S , Liu Shushu , Edwards J Riley
Published: November 2022

North American railroads have experienced spike fastener fatigue failures due to spike overloading that have led to multiple derailments. Failures have primarily been found in timber sleeper track constructed with elastic fasteners. This is likely because the elastic fasteners change the load path, resulting in spikes becoming a primary component to transfer the longitudinal forces. Mitigation methods to prevent spike overloading have been limited and thus, this novel study seeks an alternative method leveraging engineered composite sleepers to reduce spike stress. This paper first documents and compares typical composite and timber sleeper properties as reported in the literature. Then, this paper describes the development and validation of a single spike-in-sleeper finite element model (FEM) used to investigate the interaction between the composite sleeper and spike. A glass fiber reinforced composite (GFRC) sleeper was selected due to its high elastic modulus and compressive strength reported in the literature. The validated model was used to quantify the effect of these critical material properties on spikes subjected to longitudinal loads. The GFRC’s stiffness and compressive strength values lead to a 30% reduction in the maximum spike stress when compared to spikes installed in timber sleepers. The reduced spike stress in the GFRC fell below the spike’s expected fatigue limit. Finally, this paper provides required compressive strength for given longitudinal loads to ensure the spike stress falls below the fatigue limit in different operating environments. This characterization of required composite sleeper strength properties can be used to advance track system mechanistic-empirical design.
On designing plane-faced funicular gridshells
Authors: Millar Cameron , Mitchell Toby , Mazurek Arek , Chhabra Ashpica , Beghini Alessandro , Clelland Jeanne N , McRobie Allan , Baker William F
Published: November 2022

Concepts from isotropic geometry, Timoshenko’s shell theory, Airy stress functions and Maxwell’s reciprocal diagrams are combined in the design of plane-faced funicular gridshells. The notions of self-Airy and mixed-Airy gridshells are introduced, with an emphasis on self-tied gridshells. This paper extends the work of J.C. Maxwell for 2D pin-jointed trusses to 2.5D gridshells with the addition of a new reciprocal figure called the slope diagram. The form, force and slope diagrams are combined by a mixed area calculation to produce another new figure called the Maxwell-Mondrian diagram. A powerful new design process leveraging the relationship between the gridshell geometry and the Airy stress function is presented.
Attending to vulnerability in sexual violence research
Authors: Helman Rebecca
Published: November 2022

Within research on sexual violence, womxn who have been raped are positioned as “vulnerable” participants, while researchers tend to occupy positions of “invulnerability”. Drawing on vulnerable moments from a research project which explored womxn's experiences of rape in South Africa, this paper proposes a (more) vulnerable engagement with narratives of rape. Through attending to how vulnerability is implicated in issues of silence and agency, shame, and my own failures to witness the experiences of my participants with care, I explore the epistemic and ethical possibilities of an affective approach to researching rape. This approach asks us, as researchers, to attend to the moments during our research in which we are affected, moved and disrupted.