bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiplatelet therapy is associated with a high rate of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head injuries
Authors: Alter Scott M , Mazer Benjamin A , Solano Joshua J , Shih Richard D , Hughes Mary J , Clayton Lisa M , Greaves Spencer W , Trinh Nhat Q , Hughes Patrick G
Published: November 2020

Background

Antiplatelet agents are increasingly used in cardiovascular treatment. Limited research has been performed into risks of acute and delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in these patients who sustain head injuries. Our goal was to assess the overall odds and identify factors associated with ICH in patients on antiplatelet therapy.

Methods

A retrospective observational study was conducted at two level I trauma centers. Adult patients with head injuries on antiplatelet agents were enrolled from the hospitals’ trauma registries. Acute ICH was diagnosed by head CT. Observation and repeat CT to evaluate for delayed ICH was performed at clinicians’ discretion. Patients were stratified by antiplatelet type and analyzed by ICH outcome.

Results

Of 327 patients on antiplatelets who presented with blunt head trauma, 133 (40.7%) had acute ICH. Three (0.9%) had delayed ICH on repeat CT, were asymptomatic and did not require neurosurgical intervention. One with delayed ICH was on clopidogrel and two were on both clopidogrel and aspirin. Patients with delayed ICH compared with no ICH were older (94 vs 74 years) with higher injury severity scores (15.7 vs 4.4) and trended towards lower platelet counts (141 vs 216). Patients on aspirin had a higher acute ICH rate compared with patients on P2Y12 inhibitors (48% vs 30%, 18% difference, 95% CI 4 to 33; OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.15 to 4.13). No other group comparison had significant differences in ICH rate.

Conclusions

Patients on antiplatelet agents with head trauma have a high rate of ICH. Routine head CT is recommended. Patients infrequently developed delayed ICH. Routine repeat CT imaging does not appear to be necessary for all patients.

Level of evidence

Level III, prognostic.
Long-term zinc contamination and transport at the abandoned Ore Chimney mine
Authors: Harper C. , Walsh C. , Fong C. , Gammon P.R. , Amos R.T.
Published: November 2020

Mine waste-rock piles can release low quality drainage that is harmful to the surrounding environment. Many studies have investigated recently placed waste rock, but fewer have examined geochemical processes within, and downgradient of, old waste rock, even though these processes may be expected to persist for many decades. The Ore Chimney property, in Ontario, Canada, was the site of gold exploration activities that produced a small waste-rock pile; it was abandoned in 1934. Elevated concentrations of Zn are restricted to within 50 m of the waste rock, and pH remains neutral across the site. Water and sediment analyses and geochemical modeling indicate that several processes are involved in pH buffering and contaminant control. Water samples taken at the edge of the waste rock were not acidic, indicating that mechanisms within the waste rock, including carbonate buffering and preferential oxidation of sphalerite over pyrite, are preventing acid mine drainage (AMD). Natural attenuation mechanisms are operating within wetlands at Ore Chimney with the most likely controls for Zn transport in ground and surface water being carbonate mineral precipitation, co-precipitation with Fe and Mn oxides and oxyhydroxide minerals and Al sulphate minerals, and adsorption onto calcite and organic matter. This investigation shows that, after long time frames, natural attenuation mechanisms may act to effectively immobilize metal contaminants.
A review of human factors research performed from 2014 to 2017 in support of the Royal Canadian Air Force remotely piloted aircraft system project
Authors: Arrabito G. Robert , Hou Ming , Banbury Simon , Martin Blake C.W. , Ahmad Fahad , Fang Scott
Published: November 2020

Remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPASs) are tools for military organizations to help remove humans from dangerous situations and permit operations in severe and inhospitable environments. To support the procurement of an RPAS fleet under Canada’s Strong, Secure, Engaged 2017 defence policy, the Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) under the RCAF Joint Unmanned Surveillance and Target Acquisition System project (subsequently replaced by the RCAF RPAS project) funded Defence Research and Development Canada – Toronto Research Centre to conduct a preliminary investigation of human factors (HF) issues relating to the performance of the crew in the ground control station (GCS) to control a RPAS. This paper presents a review of the RCAF research program conducted between 2014 and 2017 that discusses HF issues in RPAS operations and how training is associated with the HF attributes of decision-making, skills and knowledge, and mission preparation. Also, this paper presents a training needs analysis methodology and analysis that identified essential RPAS crew competencies (expressed as the knowledge, skills, and abilities required by each crew member to perform their respective tasks). Finally, this paper discusses work that investigated experimentation and evaluation capabilities to support RPAS operator training and GCS airworthiness certification.
Novel Spectrum Sensing Technique and Its Evaluation for Cognitive Radio Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: MAHENDRU GARIMA , SHUKLA ANIL K. , PATNAIK L. M.
Published: November 2020

Cognitive Radio based Wireless Sensor Network is a novel concept that integrates the dynamic spectrum access capability of cognitive radio into wireless sensor networks for the futuristic sensor networks and wireless communication technology. Spectrum sensing plays a quintessential role in a cognitive radio network but is a major constraint for a battery powered sensor with stringent energy limitations. The spectrum sensing algorithms are expected to yield acceptable detection probability at low SNR under noise uncertainty with minimum power consumption in a WSN. In this paper, a new spectrum sensing method has been proposed to overcome sensing failure under low SNR environment. The proposed technique is based on adaptive double threshold theory which improves the detection performance by 39.63 and 27.22% at SNR = −10dB as compared to the conventional energy detection and available double threshold-based method respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method of spectrum sensing is evaluated for its deployment into a CR-WSN using the evaluation metrics: Time and Sample Complexity. The comparative evaluation of the spectrum sensing method in a WSN through simulations shows that the proposed technique offers substantial reduction in sample and time complexity of the wireless sensor nodes.
Connectivity and Nature Diagnosability of Leaf-Sort Graphs
Authors: ZHAO JUTAO , WANG SHIYING
Published: November 2020

The connectivity and diagnosability of a multiprocessor system or an interconnection network is an important research topic. The system and interconnection network has a underlying topology, which usually presented by a graph. As a famous topology structure of interconnection networks, the n-dimensional leaf-sort graph CFn has many good properties. In this paper, we prove that (a) the restricted edge connectivity of CFn (n ≥ 3) is 3n − 5 for odd n and 3n − 6 for even n; (b) CFn (n ≥ 5) is super restricted edge-connected; (c) the nature diagnosability of CFn (n ≥ 4) under the PMC model is 3n − 4 for odd n and 3n − 5 for even n; (d) the nature diagnosability of CFn (n ≥ 5) under the MM* model is 3n − 4 for odd n and 3n − 5 for even n.
Periodic Response and Stability of a Maglev System with Delayed Feedback Control Under Aerodynamic Lift
Authors: Wu Han , Zeng Xiao-Hui , Gao Ding-Gang
Published: November 2020

In this research, the periodic response and stability of a nonlinear maglev system under the combined effects of steady and unsteady aerodynamic lifts is investigated, considering time delay in the feedback control loop. First, a nonlinear maglev system with a single levitation point that accounts for the nonlinearity of the electromagnetic force, time delay in the feedback control loop, and effect of aerodynamic lift is established. Then the periodic solutions of the maglev system with aerodynamic lift and time delays are obtained by an incremental harmonic balance analysis, in which the explicit time-delay action matrices used indicate that the effect of time delay on the response of the maglev system is periodic. The stability of the periodic solutions based on a finite difference continuous time approximation method and Floquet theory is studied, from which the critical time delay is obtained. Also, the relationship between the periodic vibration amplitude and the time delay is examined, along with the steady aerodynamic lift coefficient, and frequency of the unsteady aerodynamic lift, as well as the variation of critical delay with respect to the position feedback and velocity feedback with the control gain parameters. In addition, the stability boundary for the simultaneous time-delayed position and velocity feedback is obtained.
Edge lifting and Roman domination in graphs
Authors: Meraimi Hicham , Chellali Mustapha
Published: November 2020

Let [Formula: see text] be a graph, and let [Formula: see text] be an induced path centered at [Formula: see text]. An edge lift defined on [Formula: see text] is the action of removing edges [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] while adding the edge [Formula: see text] to the edge set of [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we initiate the study of the effects of edge lifting on the Roman domination number of a graph, where various properties are established. A characterization of all trees for which every edge lift increases the Roman domination number is provided. Moreover, we characterize the edge lift of a graph decreasing the Roman domination number, and we show that there are no graphs with at most one cycle for which every possible edge lift can have this property.
The Transnational Happiness Study with Big Data Technology
Authors: Peng Lingxi , Liu Haohuai , Nie Yangang , Xie Ying , Tang Xuan , Luo Ping
Published: November 2020

Happiness is a hot topic in academic circles. The study of happiness involves many disciplines, such as philosophy, psychology, sociology, and economics. However, there are few studies on the quantitative analysis of the factors affecting happiness. In this article, we used the well-known World Values Survey Wave 6 (WV6) dataset to quantitatively analyze the happiness of 57 countries with Big Data techniques. First, we obtained the seven most important factors by constructing happiness decision trees for each country. Calculating the frequencies of these factors, we obtained the 17 most important indicators for the prediction of happiness in the world. Then, we selected five representative countries, namely, Sweden, Japan, India, China, and the USA, and analyzed the indicators with the random forest method. We identified different patterns of factors that influence happiness in different countries. This study is a successful attempt to apply data mining technology in the social sciences, and the results are of practical significance.
On Small-depth Frege Proofs for Tseitin for Grids
Authors: Håstad Johan
Published: November 2020

We prove that a small-depth Frege refutation of the Tseitin contradiction on the grid requires subexponential size. We conclude that polynomial size Frege refutations of the Tseitin contradiction must use formulas of almost logarithmic depth.
The ABCs of petri net reachability relaxations
Authors: Blondin Michael
Published: November 2020

Petri nets form a widespread model of concurrency well suited for the verification of systems with infinitely many configurations. Deciding configuration reachability in Petri nets, which plays a central role in their formal analysis, suffers from a nonelementary time complexity lower bound. We survey relaxations that alleviate this tremendous complexity, both for classical Petri nets and for extensions with affine transformations, branching rules and colored tokens.
Solvation Structure and Electrochemical Properties of a New Weakly Coordinating Aluminate Salt as a Nonaqueous Electrolyte for Zinc Batteries
Authors: Yang Mengxi , Driscoll Darren M. , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Liao Chen
Published: November 2020

In continuation of our interest in developing multivalent electrolytes for energy storage, we report a new zinc salt with a weakly coordinating anion, tetrakis(perfluoro-tert-butoxy) aluminate (TPFA), as a stable electrolyte for nonaqueous systems. We examined the electrochemical and structural properties of this nonaqueous electrolyte in various solvents. ZnTPFA2 supports highly reversible Zn deposition and stripping behavior in acetonitrile and ethereal solvents, with up to 91% Coulombic efficiency. A variety of analytical techniques were used to identify the local coordination structure around Zn2+ in both the crystal phase and the solution phase, providing clear evidence of solvent coordination around the cation.
Dynamic Characteristic Analysis and Visualization of Current–Voltage Distribution in Pores of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Kono Akihiko , Urushibata Hiroaki , Fujita Yoji
Published: November 2020

Further improvement of the control technology of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under system environments is considered necessary, but the dynamic characteristics have not been sufficiently studied to date. The authors have developed a porous electrode analysis technology that incorporates an electrical engineering method that is the basis of the system technology into the electrochemical technique. A method for optimizing the distributed constant type circuit model of the porous electrode is first constructed based on electrochemical impedance of electrodes, and the structure of the pores. Based on these results, a algorithm is then constructed to realize the dynamic characteristic analysis of the porous electrode. The structure of the porous electrode provides the reaction field, and the current/voltage values and the reaction rate are estimated by calculating the distributed constant type circuit representing the porous structure. These calculations are coupled with the Butler–Volmer equation and diffusion equations on a circuit simulator; as a result, a technique for analyzing the changes of resistance, current, and voltage in each part of the pore is established. It is considered that this technology can be applied to various applications as a basic technique for easily visualizing the current–voltage distribution in a porous electrode.
Superior Lithium Ion Storage Performance of LiCoO2 Cathode at 4.5 V Enabled by the Multiple Synergistic Effect of Nano-Silver
Authors: Meng Erchao , Jin Bihui , Hu You , Gong Feilong , Zhang Yonghui , Jia Quanli
Published: November 2020

LiCoO2 is still the potential first choice of cathode for lithium ion batteries due to the superior tap density of 4.1 g cm−3 and high theoretical specific capacity of 274 mAh g−1. However, the reversible capacity and cycle performance are restricted due to structural instability at high voltage (≥4.5 V). In this work, the problem will be improved by multiple synergistic effect of nano-Ag. The flake-like LiCoO2/Ag cathodes are firstly synthesized by solid state reaction and the following calcination. The structural characteristics reveal that Ag nanoparticles with ca. 10 nm are uniformly embedded into LiCoO2 particles. The initial discharge specific capacity of LiCoO2 is increased by 12% by introducing nano-Ag at 100 mA g−1 (∼0.7C) between 3.0–4.5 V, and after 100 cycles, the discharge specific capacity is enhanced by 52%. Furthermore, when the current density is increased to 2000 mA g−1, the specific capacity retention of LiCoO2/Ag researches to 62%, higher than 52% of LiCoO2. The results clearly indicate that LiCoO2/Ag cathode exhibits excellent specific capacities, enhanced cycle stability and rate performances enabled by nano-Ag through enhancing Li ions diffusion, electron transport and improving structural stability.
Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole Corrosion Inhibitor on Copper: DFT Study on Model Oxidized Interfaces
Authors: Chiter Fatah , Costa Dominique , Maurice Vincent , Marcus Philippe
Published: November 2020

High corrosion inhibition efficiency of the 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) molecule for copper in different aqueous solutions is well established. We propose a first principle DFT study of the surface chemistry of the adsorption of MBI on preoxidized Cu(111). For both thione (MBIH) and thiolate (MBI◦) species, the formation of a full monolayer (ML) is favored over low coverage adsorption. At the ML coverage, the molecules adopt a perpendicular orientation with respect to the surface. MBI◦interaction with the surface is stronger than MBIH one. MBIH and MBI◦bond to the surface forming a S–Cu bond; for MBIH, the NH moiety forms a H-bond with a surface oxygen atom; for MBI◦, a N–Cu bond is formed. For MBI◦at low coverage, a Cu–C bond is also formed. The charge analyses show a charge transfer between the surface and the molecule. Comparing the MBIH/MBI◦adsorption energies with that of water/OH, we find that MBI◦can replace H2O and OH at the preoxidized Cu surface. The results are compared with those obtained with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, a similar azole derivative with corrosion inhibition properties.
Phospholipase C controls chloride-dependent short-circuit current in human bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: Grebert Chloé , Becq Frédéric , Vandebrouck Clarisse
Published: November 2020

Chloride secretion by airway epithelial cells is primordial for water and ion homeostasis and airways surface prevention of infections. This secretion is impaired in several human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, a genetic pathology due to CFTR gene mutations leading to chloride channel defects. A potential therapeutic approach is aiming at increasing chloride secretion either by correcting the mutated CFTR itself or by stimulating non-CFTR chloride channels at the plasma membrane. Here, we studied the role of phospholipase C in regulating the transepithelial chloride secretion in human airway epithelial 16HBE14o- and CFBE cells over-expressing wild type (WT)- or F508del-CFTR. Western blot analysis shows expression of the three endogenous phospholipase C (PLC) isoforms, namely, PLCδ1, PLCγ1, and PLCβ3 in 16HBE14o- cells. In 16HBE14o- cells, we performed Ussing chamber experiments after silencing each of these PLC isoforms or using the PLC inhibitor U73122 or its inactive analogue U73343. Our results show the involvement of PLCβ3 and PLCγ1 in CFTR-dependent short-circuit current activated by forskolin, but not of PLCδ1. In CFBE-WT CFTR and corrected CFBE-F508del CFTR cells, PLCβ3 silencing also inhibits CFTR-dependent current activated by forskolin and UTP-activated calcium-dependent chloride channels (CaCC). Our study supports the importance of PLC in maintaining CFTR-dependent chloride secretion over time, getting maximal CFTR-dependent current and increasing CaCC activation in bronchial epithelial cells.
Stabilization of a Class of Nonlinear Underactuated Robotic Systems through Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control
Authors: Song Yaobin , Li Hui , Shi Xiaoling
Published: November 2020

To facilitate the stabilization of nonlinear underactuated robotic systems under perturbation, a novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control method is proposed. Based on the system transformation into an integrator chain, the combination of twisting-like algorithm and a nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control technique is employed to achieve the stabilization of the studied systems, which can drive the robot states (joint positions and velocities) to the desired region and then maintain the system at the equilibrium point in finite time. The robustness of the proposed method is validated by the Lyapunov direct method. Finally, numerical simulation results further demonstrate that the proposed method has better performance on the convergent speed of the system state (robot joint positions and velocities) than state-of-the-art methods, especially for the underactuated joints.
Detection Method of Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wu Qiao , Gao Li , Sun Wei , Yang Jianzhong
Published: November 2020

In order to improve the detection and recognition ability of 3D echocardiography, a method of 3D echocardiography detection based on depth learning is proposed. The information conduction model of three-dimensional echocardiography is constructed. The edge pixel feature matching method is used to extract the key information of echocardiography, and the information compensation method is used to repair the missing area of three-dimensional echocardiography information. The feature decomposition and information fusion of 3D ultrasonic imaging are carried out by using five stage wavelet decomposition method, and the feature reconstruction and adaptive template matching of 3D echocardiography are processed by depth learning algorithm, modeling and detecting the rationality of three-dimensional echocardiography. The simulation results show that this method has better detection performance; the accuracy of detection and recognition is high, which is more reasonable in the application of 3D echocardiography repair and detection recognition.
Inflammatory Response, a Key Pathophysiological Mechanism of Obesity-Induced Depression
Authors: Shao Shu-Lin , Liu Da-Qian , Zhang Bo , Huang Shu-Ming
Published: November 2020

In recent years, with the acceleration of life rhythm and the increase of social competition, the incidence of obesity and depression has been increasing, which has seriously affected the quality of life and health of people. Obesity and depression, two seemingly unrelated physical and psychological diseases, in fact, are closely related: obese people are more likely to have depression than nonobese ones. We have reviewed and analyzed the relevant research literature and found that the inflammatory response plays a key role in obesity-induced depression. This article will discuss in detail the inflammatory mechanisms by which obesity induces depression.
Neuroprotective Effect of Near-Infrared Light in an Animal Model of CI Surgery
Authors: Strübing Ira , Gröschel Moritz , Schwitzer Susanne , Ernst Arne , Fröhlich Felix , Jiang Dan , Boyle Patrick , Basta Dietmar
Published: November 2020

Introduction: The preservation of residual hearing has become an important consideration in cochlear implant (CI) recipients in recent years. It was the aim of the present animal experimental study to investigate the influence of a pretreatment with near-infrared (NIR) light on preservation of sensory hair cells and residual hearing after cochlear implantation. Methods: NIR was applied unilaterally (15 min, 808 nm, 120 mW) to 8 guinea pigs, immediately before a bilateral scala tympani CI electrode insertion was performed. The nonirradiated (contralateral) side served as control. Twenty-eight days postoperatively, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were registered from both ears to screen for hearing loss. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs) were counted and compared between NIR-pretreated and control (contralateral) cochleae. Results: There was no IHC loss upon cochlear implantation. OHC loss was most prominent on both sides at the apical part of the cochlea. NIR pretreatment led to a statistically significant reduction in OHC loss (by 39.8%). ABR recordings (across the frequencies 4–32 kHz) showed a statistically significant difference between the 2 groups and corresponds well with the apical structural damage. Hearing loss was reduced by about 20 dB on average for the NIR-pretreated group (p ≤ 0.05). Discussion/Conclusion: A single NIR pretreatment in this animal model of CI surgery appears to be neuroprotective for residual hearing. This is in line with other studies where several NIR posttreatments have protected cochlear and other neural tissues. NIR pretreatment is an inexpensive, effective, and noninvasive approach that can complement other ways of preserving residual hearing and, hence, should deserve further clinical evaluation in CI patients.
Acromesomelic Dysplasia, Type Maroteaux: Impact of Long-Term (8 Years) High-Dose Growth Hormone Treatment on Growth Velocity and Final Height in 2 Siblings
Authors: Arya Ved Bhushan , Raj Meena , Younes Maha , Chapman Simon , Irving Melita , Kapoor Ritika R. , Buchanan Charles R.
Published: November 2020

Introduction: Acromesomelic dysplasia, type Maroteaux (AMDM) is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia, characterized by severe dwarfism and disproportionate limb shortening. It results from loss-of-function NPR2 mutations affecting the C-type natriuretic peptide receptor. Resistance to growth hormone (GH) action has previously been suggested. We describe outcomes of 2 siblings with AMDM after prolonged high-dose GH treatment. Patients/Methods: Two siblings (Pt-A and Pt-B; consanguineous parents) presented in early childhood with severe disproportionate short stature and radiological features of AMDM. Subsequent genetic testing identified a novel homozygous NPR2 mutation. GH provocation testing showed relatively high GH levels. Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was ∼2 SD below age/sex-specific mean. High-dose GH (0.075 mg/kg/day) was started. Pre-GH height velocities were 3.7 (Pt-A) and 4.5 (Pt-B) cm/year. GH dose was adjusted to sustain serum IGF-1 towards +3 SDS for age/sex. Annualized height velocities for first 3 years on GH were 7.0, 5.4, and 4.7 cm/year for patient A and 9.4, 8.0, and 5.9 cm/year for patient B. Height gain during puberty was 10.6 (Pt-A) and 5.9 (Pt-B) cm. Final heights after 8.5 years of GH treatment were 130.5 cm (−6.57 SDS, Pt-A) and 134 cm (−4.58 SDS, Pt-B). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of final height in patients with AMDM after long-term GH treatment. Our results confirm the finding of relative GH resistance in AMDM, which when overcome with high-dose GH treatment resulted in improved height SDS during childhood and adolescence and associated quality of life. The final height of our patients was significantly higher than average reported final height (120 cm) of AMDM patients.
tridimensionalidade verbivocovisual da linguagem bakhtiniana
Authors: Paula Luciane de , Luciano José Antonio Rodrigues
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo, o intuito é refletir acerca da concepção de linguagem formulada por Bakhtin, Medviédev e Volóchinov, em suas respectivas obras Problemas da Obra de Dostoiévski (2010 [1929]), Método Formal nos Estudos Literários (2012 [1928]) e Marxismo e Filosofia da Linguagem (2017 [1929]). O método, chamado por Bakhtin (mimeo) de sociológico, considerou o diálogo entre as obras e os autores, em cotejo com outros textos, tanto do Círculo, quanto de estudiosos dessa episteme e ilustrou a reflexão com alguns enunciados estéticos. A hipótese é a que, ao elaborarem e construírem a proposta de estudo sobre e a concepção de linguagem, os autores russos realizam sua delimitação conceitual de maneira tridimensional, aqui denominada como verbivocovisual (PAULA, 2017), em vista de conceber o homem constituído pela e na linguagem em sua máxima potencialidade expressiva. Pensar num desdobramento dos estudos bakhtinianos voltado à contemporaneidade revela a relevância desta pesquisa. A contribuição do estudo consiste na reflexão acerca da pertinência dos estudos bakhtinianos como fundamentos teóricos para análises de enunciados multimodais, além da materialidade verbal, extensamente analisada pelos autores russos. Os resultados demonstram que leituras extemporâneas bem fundamentadas podem reacender outras luzes à teoria e, com isso, colaborar com a seara dos estudos bakhtinianos.
análise dialógica de O crocodilo, de Dostoiévski
Authors: Leite Francisco de Freitas
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho corresponde a uma análise do conto O crocodilo, de Dostoiévski, e tem como direcionamento teórico os conceitos de Bakhtin acerca de relações dialógicas, de sátira menipeia e de final aberto, além das suas concepções de estética e ética, autor e herói e das noções de projeto discursivo e construção de sentido. A análise recorre, além de a Bakhtin (2010a, 2010b, 2010c, 2011a, 2011b), a Schnaiderman (1983, 2011), metodologicamente consiste na interpretação dos elementos constitutivos do projeto discursivo do autor, das relações dialógicas instauradas e, consequentemente, da produção de sentidos do enunciado. A análise põe em cotejo ainda o conto O crocodilo com outras obras de Dostoiévski principalmente para a abordagem das peculiaridades nelas presentes. A conclusão aponta na direção da relevância de se levar em conta os elementos da constituição do conto O crocodilo como localizados em algum ponto fronteiriço entre o ato ético e o estético.
Dizer-se professora/professor pela escrita
Authors: Guedes-Pinto Ana Lúcia
Published: November 2020

Tomando como referência a perspectiva bakhtiniana da produção enunciativa, este artigo problematiza os dizeres dos estudantes-estagiários de um curso de Pedagogia sobre suas experiências na escola básica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante, de vertente analítico -interpretativa, na qual a geração de dados se desenvolveu no contexto das disciplinas do eixo teórico-prático do curso, nos anos de 2017 e de 2019. Entendendo o gênero relatório de estágio como um gênero secundário, da esfera acadêmica, em que o discurso científico é valorizado e legitimado, procurou-se problematizar os modos de dizer dos estudantes em seus enunciados escritos. Ao tomarem a autoria de seus relatos de experiência, seus diferentes acentos valorativos indiciam diversas vozes com as quais dialogam tornando visíveis sua busca pela inserção autoral. No processo de apropriação da palavra do outro os enunciados expressam de forma viva as muitas vozes com quem dialogam na formação inicial docente.
Estilo e estilística em Bakhtin e Volóchinov
Authors: Silva Sueli Pinheiro da
Published: November 2020

Este artigo trata sobre a contribuição do Círculo de Bakthin para os estudos do estilo, especificamente nos trabalhos de Bakhtin e Volóchinov. Para tanto, selecionamos algumas de suas principais obras dedicadas a essa discussão e levantamos como a temática é apresentada em cada uma delas, a partir de uma ordem cronológica de publicação. Os resultados demonstram que, em perspectiva dialógica, no decorrer do percurso das obras, o conceito de estilo apresenta acentos autorais peculiares que compreendem desde a noção de acabamento da obra, de valoração social até a sua constituição no gênero discursivo. Por fim, o diálogo entre os autores – e com eles – nos oportuniza melhor compreender as suas concepções acerca de estilo, relacioná-las a abordagens anteriores e apresentá-las como mais uma importante perspectiva a ser investigada, considerando a sua contribuição para estes estudos.
Amos and the Beyond Aid Agenda: The 0.7% Target, COVID-19, and Reimagining International Development
Authors: Day Benjamin S.
Published: November 2020

This article draws on the Old Testament book of Amos as a lens for thinking about the aid-giving behaviour of ‘traditional donor’ states at a time of international uncertainty. In the emerging ‘beyond aid’ environment, achieving international development outcomes will require much more than the provision of aid. States and individuals that are serious about contributing to international development will need to ‘go deeper’, actively assessing the development impacts that a wide array of their own behaviours may have on individuals beyond their borders. By bringing key themes from Amos into conversation with characteristics of the international development regime, this article demonstrates why moving away from an aid-centric approach to international development—symbolised by the 0.7% spending target—is proving difficult. At the same time, it reveals how the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to function as a critical juncture for reimagining international development in line with the message of Amos.
On Religious Skepticism
Authors: Schellenberg J.L.
Published: November 2020

I seek to promote a fuller understanding of religious skepticism by defending five theses. These concern, respectively: its breadth, discussed in relation to theism on the one hand and naturalism on the other; why it should be distinguished from a general metaphysical skepticism; how it is supported by the consequences of recent cultural evolution, which at the same time enable new and stronger arguments for atheism; the relations it bears to non-doxastic religious faith; and, finally, its curious capacity in certain not uncommon circumstances to take the form of a soft irreligion that is widely approvable—even from a religious perspective.
Knowledge and Truth in the Greatest Difficulty Argument: Parmenides 133b4–134b5
Authors: Fine Gail
Published: November 2020

One of Plato’s central tenets is that we can know forms. In Parmenides 133b4–134b5, Plato presents an argument whose sceptical conclusion is that we can’t know forms. Although he indicates that the argument doesn’t succeed, he also says it’s difficult to explain how it fails. Commentators have suggested a variety of flaws. I argue that the argument can be defended against some, though not all, of the alleged flaws. But I also argue that Plato hints at a crucial distinction that hasn’t been brought to bear in this context, and that indeed he is sometimes thought not to draw: that between the content and object of knowledge. Once we are clear about this distinction, we can see that the sceptical argument doesn’t imply that we can’t know forms.
Gorgias’ Περὶ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος and Its Relation to Skepticism
Authors: Bett Richard
Published: November 2020

The paper examines whether Gorgias’ On What Is Not should be considered an instance of skepticism. It begins with an analysis of the work as reported by the two sources, Sextus Empiricus and the anonymous author of On Melissus, Xenophanes and Gorgias. It is then argued that the Pyrrhonian skeptics did not regard On What Is Not as skeptical. Nonetheless, it is possible to read the work as offering counter-arguments to Parmenides, with a view to inducing suspension of judgment in Pyrrhonian fashion. However, it is also possible to regard it as skeptical in a sense current in modern philosophy: that is, as posing challenges to our understanding of things with a view to forcing philosophers to come up with better theories. In this light, it can be seen as an important stimulus to the philosophical breakthroughs apparent in Plato’s Sophist.
Moral Realism and the Argument from Skepticism
Authors: Risberg Olle , Tersman Folke
Published: November 2020

A long-standing family of worries about moral realism focuses on its implications for moral epistemology. The underlying concern is that if moral truths have the nature that realists believe, it is hard to see how we could know what they are. This objection may be called the “argument from skepticism” against moral realism. Realists have primarily responded to this argument by presenting accounts of how we could acquire knowledge of moral truths that are consistent with realist assumptions about their nature. Less time has been spent, however, on the question of why it would be a problem for moral realism if it leads to skepticism in the first place, and on the related question of which skeptical conclusions it would be problematic for realists to simply accept. This paper considers several answers to these questions, thereby distinguishing a number of versions of the argument from skepticism, and discusses their prospects.
In the Shadow of the Public: Enlightenment and the Pitfalls of Modernity
Authors: Lilti Antoine
Published: November 2020

The Enlightenment has often been presented as the ideological programme of modernity, the set of ideas and values from which modern, democratic and secularized Western societies have emerged. This reading, however, fails to account for the diversity and polyphony of the Enlightenment. Another reading, that of Michel Foucault, insisted on the ethos of modernity that the Enlightenment would have brought: a critical relationship with the present and current events. Conversely, this interpretation neglects the militant and collective dimension of the Enlightenment that favoured emancipation through knowledge. This article suggests, rather, seeing in the Enlightenment a way of problematizing modernity, of thinking about its contradictions. It develops this argument from a case study: the philosophes’ reflections on the public and its ambivalences. The optimism of the Enlightenment’s fight against prejudice was counterbalanced by a more pessimistic analysis of the new public space and of the media obstacles to the dissemination of knowledge and critical thinking.
Contribution to Britain’s War Efforts in Osun Division of Western Nigeria, 1939–1945
Authors: Ajayi Abiodun
Published: November 2020

Although no real battle was fought in Nigeria during the Second World War (1939–1945), the burden of the war was much felt by Nigerians. They made significant contributions to the war effort; a method through which the British shifted the burden of the war onto their colonial subjects. This strategy had caught the attentions of many scholars, and various discussions have centered on its origin, purpose and operation at provincial and Nigeria wide level. Thus, contributions at the Districts and Division levels have always been subsumed into colony-wide studies, and by that fact remained unresearched. This paper focuses the effects of the imperial coping strategy on the Yoruba society with Osun Division as a case study. The study adopts historical approach, which depends on written, oral, and archival sources. However, it is hoped that, with due attention being given to the efforts of the people at a local level, the impact of the Second World War on African social order will be better understood.
Four Points to Be Considered when Writing “A History of Science and Civilisation in Korea”
Authors: Yoon Hong-key
Published: November 2020

A research project entitled “A History of Science and Civilisation in Korea” is planning to publish an English-language monograph series that endeavours to learn from established scholarship on the history of science by benefiting from its accomplishments and overcoming some of its shortcomings. This paper argues that the following four points are important for Korean historians of science to consider: (1) overcoming ‘presentism’— to avoid writing history from a contemporary standpoint and to justify present-day Korea, (2) adopting a cross-cultural approach—to avoid unjustified nationalistic and ethno-centric interpretations of historical data, (3) considering both elite traditions and folk traditions in Korea—to present a more balanced view on different traditions in Korea, and (4) adopting traditional Korean concepts and categories of knowledge, if necessary; that is, that when no Western concepts are suitable for reference but indigenous Korean concepts are, adopting traditional Korean concepts is preferable. For example, the adoption of p’ungsu (geomancy) as a category of the Korean body of scientific knowledge. In this paper these four points will be discussed with supporting evidence, and I believe that using these four points as guidelines will enhance the quality of new writings on the history of Korean science by overcoming some of the shortcomings of existing scholarship on the history of science, technology and medicine in Korea or elsewhere.
Antoine Thomas, SJ, and his Synopsis Mathematica: biography of a Jesuit mathematical textbook for the China mission
Authors: Golvers Noël
Published: November 2020

This article is an examination of a nearly forgotten massive two-volume octavo textbook of introductory (theoretical and practical) mathematics published in Douai in 1685, with a second issuing of it in 1729. The theme of mathematical training has been central to the understanding of the Jesuits in China in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, and this discussion gives a detailed survey of the mathematical ‘baggage’ of the author, Antoine Thomas, SJ, (1644-1709). Here we consider his teaching at the Colégio das Artes in Coimbra, Portugal, in the late 1670s, when he synthesized basic mathematical knowledge. Most importantly, Thomas’s Synopsis was explicitly written for the use of Jesuit candidates for the China mission, and describes in detail the minimum level of mathematical, and especially astronomical, knowledge and skills that were expected from them. Despite its two issues and its well-targeted didactic program, the book’s reception—which spans a period from 1685 until at least 1756, when there is evidence that it was still being recommended—was actually quite limited; this reception can mainly be gauged from the twenty-six extant copies, and some references in auction catalogues. These data reveal a restricted geographic spread, with some notable exceptions, including some copies which made it to South America. Soon after its appearance, the Synopsis found a secondary use outside the context of the Jesuit mission to China as a textbook of mathematics. It later enjoyed a reception as a ‘collector’s item’, although it had no further scholarly impact.
A Forgotten Friendship: How a French Missionary and a Manchu Prince Studied Electricity and Ballooning in Late Eighteenth Century Beijing
Authors: Statman Alexander
Published: November 2020

After the suppression of the Society of Jesus in 1773, the French missionary Joseph-Marie Amiot, last of the great Jesuit scholars of China, befriended the Manchu prince Hongwu 弘旿, court artist and cousin of the Qianlong emperor. Hongwu became the most enthusiastic local patron of the ex-Jesuits still living in Beijing, helping them with research and providing them with information. Together, Amiot and Hongwu discussed new developments in natural philosophy, from electrical medicine to gas balloons. They conducted experiments in the Jesuit’s quarters at the North Church and in the prince’s nearby mansion, drawing from European and Chinese traditions alike to explain them. In the end, they concluded that their investigations were socially and politically dangerous, so they decided to keep them secret. It has generally seemed that the missionaries who remained in Beijing toward the end of the eighteenth century had few local encounters and failed to communicate contemporary natural philosophy; the story of the friendship between Hongwu and Amiot is a notable exception, revealing that cross-cultural exchange remained possible.
Morphological studies on the last instar larvae of three South American species of Sphecidae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)
Authors: BUYS SANDOR CHRISTIANO
Published: November 2020

As part of the effort to describe immature stages of South American apoid wasps species and to raise, describe, and illustrate new characters useful in taxonomic and phylogenetic studies of this group, the last instar larvae of three species are described: Ammophila gracilis Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845, Sphex opacus Dahlbom, 1845, Sphex dorsalis Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau, 1845. The specimens were colected in Brazil and analyzed using both optical and scainning eletronic microscope. Comparisons with other species of the genera Ammophila Kirby and Sphex Linnaeus are provided.
A revision of the Neotropical genus Metasiphonella Duda, 1930 (Diptera: Chloropidae)
Authors: RICCARDI PAULA RAILE , BAZYAR ZEINAB , ISMAY BARBARA
Published: November 2020

The monotypic genus Metasiphonella, originally described from Costa Rica, is now formally recorded from South America with a new species from Brazil—M. amorimi sp. nov. The taxonomic revision includes a detailed description of adult external morphology, female and male terminalia, and the egg stage for all species. A lectotype of M. magnifica Duda is designated and new country records are given.
Relative Dispersion on the Inner Shelf: Evidence of a Batchelor Regime
Authors: Spydell Matthew S. , Feddersen Falk , Macmahan Jamie
Published: November 2020

Oceanographic relative dispersion (based on drifter separations r) has been extensively studied, mostly finding either Richardson–Obukhov () or enstrophy cascade [] scaling. Relative perturbation dispersion (based on perturbation separation r − r0, where r0 is the initial separation) has a Batchelor scaling () for times less than the r0-dependent Batchelor time. Batchelor scaling has received little oceanographic attention. GPS-equipped surface drifters were repeatedly deployed on the Inner Shelf off of Pt. Sal, California, in water depths ≤ 40 m. From 12 releases of ≈18 drifters per release, perturbation and regular relative dispersion over ≈4 h are calculated for 250 ≤ r0 ≤ 1500 m for each release and the entire experiment. The perturbation dispersion is consistent with Batchelor scaling for the first 1000–3000 s with larger r0 yielding stronger dispersion and larger Batchelor times. At longer times, and scale-dependent diffusivities begin to suggest Richardson–Obukhov scaling. This applies to both experiment averaged and individual releases. For individual releases, nonlinear internal waves can modulate dispersion. Batchelor scaling is not evident in as the correlations between initial and later separations are significant at short time scaling as ~t. Thus, previous studies investigating are potentially aliased by initial separation effects not present in the perturbation dispersion . As the underlying turbulent velocity wavenumber spectra is inferred from the dispersion power law time dependence, analysis of both and is critical.
When Uncertainty is Certain: A Nuanced Trust between Emergency Managers and Forecast Information in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Cross Rachael N. , LaDue Daphne S.
Published: November 2020

Weather forecasting is not an exact science, and, in regions near the southern end of the Appalachian Mountains, the vastly different types of topography and frequency of rapidly forming storms can result in high uncertainty in severe weather forecasts. NOAA created its VORTEX-Southeast (SE) research program to tackle these unique challenges and integrate them with social science research to increase the survivability of southeastern U.S. weather. As part of VORTEX-SE, this study focused on the severe weather preparation and decision-making of emergency management and, in particular, how uncertainty in severe weather forecasts impacted the relationship between emergency managers (EMs) and weather providers. We conducted in-depth, critical incident background interviews with 35 emergency management personnel across 14 counties. An inductive, data-driven analysis approach revealed several factors contributing to an added layer of practical uncertainty beyond the meteorological forecast uncertainty that impacted and helped to explain the nature of trust in the EM–National Weather Service (NWS) relationship. No- or short-notice events, null events, gaps in information, and differences in perspectives when compared with weather forecasters have led emergency managers to modify their procedures in ways that position them to adapt quickly to unexpected changes in the forecast. The need to do so creates a complex, nuanced trust between these groups. This paper explains how EMs developed a nuanced trust of forecast information, how that trust is a recognition of the inherent uncertainty in severe weather forecasts, and how to strengthen the NWS–EM relationship.