bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cryo-EM structure of type 1 IP3R channel in a lipid bilayer
Authors: Baker Mariah R. , Fan Guizhen , Seryshev Alexander B. , Agosto Melina A. , Baker Matthew L. , Serysheva Irina I.
Published: May 2021

Type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) is the predominant Ca2+-release channel in neurons. IP3R1 mediates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby is involved in many physiological processes. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of full-length rat IP3R1 reconstituted in lipid nanodisc and detergent solubilized in the presence of phosphatidylcholine determined in ligand-free, closed states by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. Notably, both structures exhibit the well-established IP3R1 protein fold and reveal a nearly complete representation of lipids with similar locations of ordered lipids bound to the transmembrane domains. The lipid-bound structures show improved features that enabled us to unambiguously build atomic models of IP3R1 including two membrane associated helices that were not previously resolved in the TM region. Our findings suggest conserved locations of protein-bound lipids among homotetrameric ion channels that are critical for their structural and functional integrity despite the diversity of structural mechanisms for their gating.
Exploration of an ice-cliff grounding zone in Antarctica reveals frozen-on meltwater and high productivity
Authors: Owsianowski Nils , Richter Claudio
Published: May 2021

Ice fluxes across the grounding zone affect global ice-sheet mass loss and sea level rise. Although recent changes in ice fluxes are well constrained by remote sensing, future projections remain uncertain, because key environments affecting ice-sheet dynamics – the ice-sheet bed and grounding zone – are largely unknown. Here, we used a remotely operated vehicle to explore the grounding zone of a Weddell Sea tidewater ice cliff. At 148 m we found a 0.3–0.5 m gap between the ice and the seafloor and a 0.4 m clear facies of debris- and bubble-free basal ice, suggesting freeze-on of meltwater in the distal marine portion of the ice sheet over the last 400 yr. Ploughmarks and low epifauna cover reveal recent grounding line retreat, as corroborated by satellite remote sensing. We found dense algal tufts on the ice cliff and high phytoplankton pigment concentrations, suggesting high productivity fuelled by nutrients from ice melt. As grounded tidewater ice cliffs rim 38% of the Antarctic continent, sinking and downwelling of organic matter along with low benthic turnover may contribute to enhanced carbon sequestration, providing a potentially important feedback to climate.
Palladium supported on structurally stable phenanthroline-based polymer nanotubes as a high-performance catalyst for the aqueous Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Yang Didi , Wang Shuhui , Dan Ting , Gao Dashuang , Au Chaktong , Zhang Wanju , Zhang Yan
Published: May 2021

One-dimensional Pd-supported catalyst exhibits excellent catalytic activity since its TOF value is 3077 h−1for the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction of bromobenzene and phenylboronic acid under ambient conditions.
Novel organic semiconductors based on 2-amino-anthracene: Synthesis, charge transport and photo-conductive properties
Authors: Kondratenko K. , Carlescu I. , Danjou P.-E. , Boussoualem Y. , Simion A. , Duponchel B. , Blach J. F. , Legrand C. , Hurduc N. , Daoudi A.
Published: May 2021

A new π-conjugated molecule incorporates imine linkage and demonstrates p-type transport properties and pronounced photo-conductive and photo-gating effects.
Ultralow lattice thermal conductivity and dramatically enhanced thermoelectric properties of monolayer InSe induced by an external electric field
Authors: Chang Zheng , Yuan Kunpeng , Sun Zhehao , Zhang Xiaoliang , Gao Yufei , Qin Guangzhao , Tang Dawei
Published: May 2021

A vertical external electric field applied on 2D InSe can induce a stronger phonon anharmonicity and narrower band gaps, leading to an enhancedZTwith more than two orders of magnitude higher than that of the case without electric fields.
Improving the piezoelectric strain and anti-reduction properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3-based ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere
Authors: Cen Zhenyong , Xu Ze , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui
Published: May 2021

Lead-free 0.945K0.48Na0.52Nb0.96Ta0.04O3-0.055BaZrO3 + 6%MnO + xZrO2 piezoelectric ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere were prepared by conventional solid-state reaction methods.
Reconstruction and catalytic activity of hybrid Pd(100)/(111) monolayer on γ-Al2O3(100) in CH4, H2O, and O2 dissociation
Authors: Rybakov A. A. , Todorova S. , Trubnikov D. N. , Larin A. V.
Published: May 2021

Catalytic capabilities of stable hybrid Pd(100)/(111) monolayers (with/without vacancies shown by ellipses) at γ-Al2O3(100) were modelled for CH4, H2O, O2 dissociation. A transferability of the monolayer geometry was tested for Pt, Rh, and Ag.
Click chemistry for the synthesis of biobased polymers and networks derived from vegetable oils
Authors: Tremblay-Parrado Khantutta-Kim , García-Astrain Clara , Avérous Luc
Published: May 2021

Click green chemistry as an efficient functionalization and polymerization method of vegetable oils and their derivatives.
Understanding the low voltage losses in high-performance non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells
Authors: Hofinger Jakob , Putz Christoph , Mayr Felix , Gugujonovic Katarina , Wielend Dominik , Scharber Markus C.
Published: May 2021

A detailed voltage loss analysis of organic solar cells based on the record breaking material combination D18:Y6 and their fullerene-based counterparts (D18:PC70BM) cast light on the superior performance of state-of-the-art non-fullerene acceptors.
The discovery of conductive ionic bonds in NiO/Ni transparent counter electrodes for electrochromic smart windows with an ultra-long cycling life
Authors: Zhao Qi , Wang Jinkai , Cui Yuanyuan , Ai Xinghui , Chen Zhang , Cao Chuanxiang , Xu Feng , Gao Yanfeng
Published: May 2021

Conductive ionic bonds at the NiO/Ni interface for electrochromic smart windows are demonstrated. These special bonds not only have a positive effect on electron transport but also facilitate ion diffusion in particular.
Pseudomonas fragi/graphene–gold hybrid nanomaterial bioanode based microbial fuel cell
Authors: Avcı Okan , Büyüksünetçi Yudum Tepeli , Erden Emre , Timur Suna , Anık Ülkü
Published: May 2021

A Pseudomonas fragi (P. fragi) and graphene–gold hybrid nanomaterial included a carbon felt electrode (graphene–Au/CFE) bioanode was developed and optimized.
Ring-opening copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone by a titanium-based metal–organic framework
Authors: Abdur Rahaman M. , Mousavi Bibimaryam , Shahadat Hossain M. , Akther Nishat , Luo Zhixiong , Zhuiykov Serge , Verpoort Francis
Published: May 2021

Copolymerization of ε-caprolactone and δ-valerolactone without any co-catalyst in a solvent-free medium under eco-friendly conditions using earth abundant Ti-metal based MOF, MIL-125.
Predicting enzymatic reactions with a molecular transformer
Authors: Kreutter David , Schwaller Philippe , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: May 2021

The enzymatic transformer was trained with a combination of patent reactions and biotransformations and predicts the structure and stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reaction products with remarkable accuracy.
A new strategy for constructing artificial light-harvesting systems: supramolecular self-assembly gels with AIE properties
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Yue Jinlong , Wang Yipei , Gao Yang , Qiao Bo , Feng Enke , Li Zhenliang , Ye Fei , Han Xinning
Published: May 2021

An artificial light-harvesting system (ALHS) has been constructed based on supramolecular organogels, as well as the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RhB). RhB acted as a good acceptor to realize the energy-transfer process with good efficiency.
Kinetics of the multitasking high-affinity Win binding site of WDR5 in restricted and unrestricted conditions
Authors: Imran Ali , Moyer Brandon S. , Canning Ashley J. , Kalina Dan , Duncan Thomas M. , Moody Kelsey J. , Wolfe Aaron J. , Cosgrove Michael S. , Movileanu Liviu
Published: May 2021

Recent advances in quantitative proteomics show that WD40 proteins play a pivotal role in numerous cellular networks. Yet, they have been fairly unexplored and their physical associations with other proteins are ambiguous. A quantitative understanding of these interactions has wide-ranging significance. WD40 repeat protein 5 (WDR5) interacts with all members of human SET1/MLL methyltransferases, which regulate methylation of the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4). Here, using real-time binding measurements in a high-throughput setting, we identified the kinetic fingerprint of transient associations between WDR5 and 14-residue WDR5 interaction (Win) motif peptides of each SET1 protein (SET1Win). Our results reveal that the high-affinity WDR5-SET1Win interactions feature slow association kinetics. This finding is likely due to the requirement of SET1Win to insert into the narrow WDR5 cavity, also named the Win binding site. Furthermore, our explorations indicate fairly slow dissociation kinetics. This conclusion is in accordance with the primary role of WDR5 in maintaining the functional integrity of a large multisubunit complex, which regulates the histone methylation. Because the Win binding site is considered a key therapeutic target, the immediate outcomes of this study could form the basis for accelerated developments in medical biotechnology.
The potential role of binary neutron star merger afterglows in multimessenger cosmology
Authors: Mastrogiovanni S. , Duque R. , Chassande-Mottin E. , Daigne F. , Mochkovitch R.
Published: May 2021

Binary neutron star mergers offer a new and independent means of measuring the Hubble constant H0 by combining the gravitational-wave inferred source luminosity distance with its redshift obtained from electromagnetic follow-up. This method is limited by the intrinsic degeneracy between the system distance and orbital inclination in the gravitational-wave signal. Observing the afterglow counterpart to a merger can further constrain the inclination angle, allowing this degeneracy to be partially lifted and improving the measurement of H0. In the case of the binary neutron star merger GW170817, afterglow light-curve and imaging modeling thus allowed the H0 measurement to be improved by a factor of three. However, systematic access to afterglow data is far from guaranteed. In fact, though each one allows a leap in H0 precision, these afterglow counterparts should prove rare in forthcoming multimessenger campaigns. We combine models for emission and detection of gravitational-wave and electromagnetic radiation from binary neutron star mergers with realistic population models and estimates for afterglow inclination angle constraints. Using these models, we quantify how fast H0 will be narrowed down by successive multimessenger events with and without the afterglow. We find that because of its rareness and though it greatly refines angle estimates, the afterglow counterpart should not significantly contribute to the measurement of H0 in the long run.
Molecular composition of short-period comets from millimetre-wave spectroscopy: 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, 38P/Stephan-Oterma, 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák, and 64P/Swift-Gehrels
Authors: Biver N. , Bockelée-Morvan D. , Lis D. C. , Despois D. , Moreno R. , Crovisier J. , Colom P. , Boissier J. , Dello Russo N. , Vervack R. J. , Cordiner M. , Milam S. , Roth N. X. , Bonev B. P. , DiSanti M. A. , Davies J. K. , Kawakita H.
Published: May 2021

We present the results of millimetre-wave spectroscopic observations and spectral surveys of the following short-period comets: 21P/Giacobini-Zinner in September 2018, 41P/Tuttle-Giacobini-Kresák in April 2017, and 64P/Swift-Gehrels and 38P/Stephan-Oterma in December 2018, carried out with the Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m radio telescope at wavelengths between 1 and 3 mm. Comet 21P was also observed in November 1998 with the IRAM 30-m,James Clerk MaxwellTelescope, and the Caltech submillimeter Observatory radio telescopes at wavelengths from 0.8 to 3 mm. The abundances of the following molecules have been determined in those comets: HCN, CH3OH, CS, H2CO, CH3CN, and H2S in comet 21P; HCN and CH3OH in 41P; HCN, CH3OH, and CS in 64P; and CH3OH in 38P. The last three comets, classified as carbon-chain typical from visible spectro-photometry, are relatively rich in methanol (3.5–5% relative to water). On the other hand, comet 21P, classified as carbon-chain depleted, shows abundances relative to water which are low for methanol (1.7%), very low for H2S (0.1%), and also relatively low for H2CO (0.16%) and CO (<2.5%). Observations of comet 21P do not show any change in activity and composition between the 1998 and 2018 perihelions. Sensitive upper limits on the abundances of other molecules such as CO, HNCO, HNC, or SO are also reported for these comets.
Generalized finite difference schemes with higher order Whitney forms
Authors: Kettunen Lauri , Lohi Jonni , Räbinä Jukka , Mönkölä Sanna , Rossi Tuomo
Published: May 2021

Finite difference kind of schemes are popular in approximating wave propagation problems in finite dimensional spaces. While Yee’s original paper on the finite difference method is already from the sixties, mathematically there still remains questions which are not yet satisfactorily covered. In this paper, we address two issues of this kind. Firstly, in the literature Yee’s scheme is constructed separately for each particular type of wave problem. Here, we explicitly generalize the Yee scheme to a class of wave problems that covers at large physics field theories. For this we introduce Yee’s scheme for all problems of a class characterised on a Minkowski manifold by (i) a pair of first order partial differential equations and by (ii) a constitutive relation that couple the differential equations with a Hodge relation. In addition, we introduce a strategy to systematically exploit higher order Whitney elements in Yee-like approaches. This makes higher order interpolation possible both in time and space. For this, we show that Yee-like schemes preserve the local character of the Hodge relation, which is to say, the constitutive laws become imposed on a finite set of points instead of on all ordinary points of space. As a result, the usage of higher order Whitney forms does not compel to change the actual solution process at all. This is demonstrated with a simple example.
Pflegekammer: 2 zurück, 1 vor
Authors: Risse Ludger
Published: May 2021

Neben positiven Schlagzeilen über die Errichtung der Pflegekammer NRW stehen aktuell Hiobsbotschaften ins Haus. In Niedersachsen hat das Landesparlament das endgültige Aus der Pflegekammer beschlossen, in Schleswig-Holstein sprachen sich 92 Prozent gegen die Selbstverwaltung aus. Die Errichtung in NRW schreitet indes ungebremst voran. Eine Paradoxie?
Prozesse miteinander verknüpfen
Authors: Wieteck Pia
Published: May 2021

Die Pflegeprozessdokumentation in Kliniken ist neu zu denken – zudem drängt die Zeit! Wer bis zum 1. Januar 2025 nicht auf eine Digitale Patientenakte mit Pflegeprozessdokumentation umgestellt hat, muss 2 Prozent Abschläge auf jeden Patientenfall in Kauf nehmen.
Bachelor ist nicht gleich Bachelor
Authors: Mahler Cornelia , Kaltenbach Anna , Bader Katrin , Elsbernd Astrid
Published: May 2021

Auch in Deutschland gibt es inzwischen immer mehr Pflegende, die einen berufsqualifizierenden Bachelorabschluss in der Tasche haben. Wie sich die Abschlüsse unterscheiden und was das für die Pflegepraxis langfristig bedeutet – hier ein Überblick.
Lokalrezidive von jodrefraktären Schilddrüsenkarzinomen – chirurgische Therapieoption bei Infiltration des Kehlkopfs
Authors: Fuerst Heinrich , Negele Thomas , Tsalos Nikolaos , Fertl Andreas , Suckfüll Markus , Todica Andrei , Bartenstein Peter
Published: May 2021

Ziel Lokalrezidive von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen können zu einer Tumorinfiltration im unteren Kehlkopfbereich führen. Da diese Tumoren in der Regel nicht mehr jodspeichernd sind, sind die weiteren Therapieoptionen erheblich eingeschränkt. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt unsere Erfahrung mit laryngotrachealen Resektionen dieser Lokalrezidive.

Material und Methode Von Juli 2019 bis November 2020 behandelten wir 5 Patienten mit maligner Infiltration der Trachea und des Larynx durch ein Lokalrezidiv eines Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Wir führten bei 4 Patienten eine laryngotracheale Resektion mit End-zu-End-Anastomose durch, bei einer Patientin erfolgte eine frontolaterale Teillaryngektomie.

Ergebnisse Der Krankenhausaufenthalt betrug median 6 Tage (5–14). Eine R0-Resektion wurde nur bei 2 Patienten erreicht. Bei keinem Patienten traten Probleme mit der Anastomose oder eine beidseitige Rekurrensparese auf. Ein Patient musste am ersten postoperativen Tag wegen zunehmenden Lungenversagens reintubiert werden. Er konnte nach 5 Tagen extubiert werden.

Schlussfolgerung Hohe Trachealresektionen mit Teilresektion des Larynx können mit geringem Risiko durchgeführt werden. Obwohl onkologisch radikale Resektionen selten sind, stellen diese Resektionen eine Erweiterung der Therapieoptionen bei jodrefraktären Lokalrezidiven von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen dar. Hohe Trachealresektionen könnten Teil des onkologischen Therapiespektrums beim lokal rezidivierenden, nicht mehr Jod speichernden Schilddrüsenkarzinom werden.
Applications of Ytterbium(II) Reagent as Grignard Reagent and Single-Electron Transfer Reagent in the Synthesis of 3-Substituted 2-Oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Wang Pengkai , Cao Xuyan
Published: May 2021

The use of ytterbium(II) reagent as both nucleophilic reagent and single-electron transfer reagent in the reaction of isatin derivatives with ytterbium(II) reagent is reported. From a synthetic point of view, a general, efficient, and experimentally simple one-pot method for the preparation of 3-substituted 2-oxindoles was developed.
Enantioselective Intermolecular Murai-Type Alkene Hydroarylation Reactions
Authors: Bower John F. , Aldhous Timothy P. , Chung Raymond W. M. , Dalling Andrew G.
Published: May 2021

Strategies that enable the efficient assembly of complex building blocks from feedstock chemicals are of paramount importance to synthetic chemistry. Building upon the pioneering work of Murai and co-workers in 1993, C–H-activation-based enantioselective hydroarylations of alkenes offer a particularly promising framework for the step- and atom-economical installation of benzylic stereocenters. This short review presents recent intermolecular enantioselective Murai-type alkene hydroarylation methodologies and the mechanisms by which they proceed.

1 Introduction

2 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Strained Bicyclic Alkenes

3 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Electron-Rich Acyclic Alkenes

4 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Electron-Poor Acyclic Alkenes

5 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Minimally Polarized Acyclic Alkenes

6 Conclusion and Outlook
Study of Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Raval Himanshu
Published: May 2021

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a condition where the protective fluid that surrounds the brain finds its way into the nose and sinuses, often appearing as a very watery runny nose. In this study, we are looking for clinical picture, various available investigation and treatment modalities, and their outcomes. In this study, we include 60 patients diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea irrespective of cause. Patient having similar clinical picture but ruled out by investigation are not included. We obtain result in terms of most common causative factor, common site, and efficacy of treatment, and can decide a favorable line of management with respect to different circumstances.
Prospitalia Digital: Zweiter virtueller Jahreskongress erfolgreich durchgeführt
Authors: Pfanzelt Annette
Published: May 2021

Die Corona-Pandemie als Brandbeschleuniger der Digitalisierung zu bezeichnen ist schon lange nicht mehr aktuell. Längst sind Krankenhäuser, Industrieunternehmen und auch die Prospitalia in der neuen Normalität angekommen und erleben diese täglich.
Transformation: Herausforderungen müssen aktiv angegangen werden
Authors: Pott Ariane
Published: May 2021

Die Digitalisierung stellt den Krankenhauseinkauf vor zahlreiche neue Aufgaben. Jennifer Kleinhans gibt einen Einblick in die wichtigsten Aufgaben, die es auf dem Weg zum digitalen Einkauf zu bewältigen gilt.
Robotic Process Automation: Welche Tätigkeiten können durch einen Software-Roboter übernommen werden?
Authors: Lehmann Alexandra , Schlüchtermann Jörg
Published: May 2021

Im Klinikeinkauf fallen täglich monotone und repetitive Aufgaben an, die viel Zeit in Anspruch nehmen, als lästig empfunden werden und fehleranfällig sind. Dabei eröffnen virtuelle Software-Roboter die Möglichkeit, wiederholende Prozesse und Prozesssegmente zu automatisieren. Es stellt sich jedoch die Frage, welche Tätigkeiten an solch einen virtuellen Mitarbeiter abgegeben werden können und ob dies wirklich zu Effizienzsteigerungen führt.
Ein Zukunftsszenario der Reinigung: Chancen des digitalen Wandels für die Gebäudereinigung der Zukunft
Authors: Weißmantel Udo
Published: May 2021

Die Digitalisierung macht auch vor der Gebäudereinigung und dem Hygienemanagement keinen Halt. Welche Neuerungen und Innovativen kann die Branche in den nächsten zehn Jahren erwarten? Das Operationalisieren und Erbringen von Leistungen wird durch den Fortschritt der Technik zunehmend transparenter.
Distribution: Last-Mile-Logistik in der Arzneimittelversorgung im Krankenhaus
Authors: Kriegel Johannes
Published: May 2021

Die Arzneimitteltherapie stellt eine wesentliche Säule der Patientenversorgung im Krankenhaus dar. Vornehmliche Risiken in der Versorgung mit Arzneimitteln sind Bereitstellung, Zuordnung, Kombination und Verabreichung unterschiedlicher Medikamente und Wirkstoffe.
Einkaufsgesellschaften in Deutschland: Einkaufsgesellschaften, Krankenhäuser und Vergaberecht
Authors: Weyand Rudolf
Published: May 2021

Was Sie als Krankenhausleiter und Einkäufer wissen sollten – Fortsetzung.
Preisverleihung: Künstliche Intelligenz ermöglicht präzise Planung
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: May 2021

Der Leipziger Innovationspreis für Krankenhauslogistik geht in diesem Jahr an das Universitätsspital Zürich. Die Schweizer haben durch den Einsatz von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) Beschaffung und Sortimentsführung optimiert. Der Zeitpunkt könnte günstiger nicht sein.
Heavy doped organic crystals ordering
Authors: Lykah V. A. , Syrkin E. S. , Trotskii E. N.
Published: May 2021

The simple model that can describe structure and charge ordering in complex doped organic crystals is proposed. We consider the quasione-dimensional model of a crystal with chains (stacks) of flat BEDT-TTF molecules. In a chain of large molecules, small molecules fill every space between large molecules. The interaction between all molecules is described by the Lennard-Jones potential. It is shown that the small dopant molecules are in the double-well potential. It is shown that in case of the electrically neutral molecules at low temperatures, there is a fluctuating structural ordering: the small molecules group in pairs near a large molecule, and the lattice period in the fluctuation domain doubles. The structure of the boundary between the fluctuation domains is defined. In case of the charged molecules, correction to electric dipole interaction makes the system essentially three-dimensional, and there is ferroelectric ordering in a chain and an antiferroelectric one between the chains. Structure of the charge domains and domain boundaries are described.
Bioorthogonal chemistry may enable in vivo imaging for nucleic acids
Authors: Yiu Yuen
Published: May 2021

A review provides a roadmap of the accomplished milestones and remaining obstacles for using bioorthogonal chemical reporters for imaging biomolecules.
Topology-dependent stability of vortex-antivortex structures
Authors: Han Hee-Sung , Lee Sooseok , Jung Min-Seung , Kim Namkyu , Chao Weilun , Yu Young-Sang , Hong Jung-Il , Lee Ki-Suk , Im Mi-Young
Published: May 2021

The non-trivial topology of magnetic structures such as vortices and skyrmions is considered as a key concept to explain the stability of those structures. The stability, dictated by non-trivial topology, provides great potential for device applications. Although it is a very critical scientific and technological issue, it is elusive to experimentally study the topology-dependent stability owing to the difficulties in establishing stably formed magnetic structures with different topologies. Here, we establish a platform for vortex-antivortex structures with different topological charges within Ni80Fe20 rectangular elements thick enough to stabilize a unique three-dimensional magnetic structure with non-uniform magnetization along the thickness of the elements. The detailed magnetization configurations of the three-dimensional vortex-antivortex structures and their annihilations during their field-driven motions are investigated by utilizing magnetic transmission soft x-ray microscopy and micromagnetic simulation. We demonstrate that the stability of vortex-antivortex structures significantly depends on their topologies and the topology-dependent stability is associated with their different annihilation mechanisms. We believe that this work provides in-depth insight into the stability of magnetic structures and its topology dependence.
Soluble alkali-metal carbon nanotube salts for n-type thermoelectric composites with improved stability
Authors: Dörling Bernhard , Rodríguez-Martínez Xabier , Álvarez-Corzo Ivan , Reparaz J. Sebastian , Campoy-Quiles Mariano
Published: May 2021

We present a method to dissolve carbon nanotubes that simultaneously allows to prepare n-doped films. These films are composed of thinner bundles of longer tubes when compared to films prepared using surfactants and sonication. Their negative Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity make them good candidates for thermoelectric applications. We investigate their stability in air by aging them at elevated temperatures, showing stabilities over 500 h, which is further improved by the use of crown ethers. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of the prepared materials by fabricating an organic thermoelectric generator comprising 40 legs.
Using methodical compositional tuning to optimize CoxTb1−x structural and magnetic properties
Authors: Wilfong Brandon , Liyanage W. L. N. C. , Naphy Jared , Gilbert Dustin A. , Bennett Steven P. , Jamer Michelle E.
Published: May 2021

The Co-rich end of the Co–Tb binary phase diagram (CoxTb1−x, x = 0.66–0.82) has been investigated to understand the phases which form in the bulk and how they interact to yield magnetic behavior which has been reported to be ideal for use in spintronic devices. This work shows that the phases and phase fractions present across this composition range follow those predicted by the binary phase diagram, and all compounds in this composition range are multiphase. Magnetic measurements show similar behavior in this composition range to related thin film work, and we attribute the observed behavior to the respective binary phases present in each compound. Ideal magnetic behavior of minimized magnetic saturation and maximized coercivity is observed in the range of x=0.78−0.80 related to the majority phase Co7Tb2 in these two compounds. High pressure magnetic measurements show magnetic saturation and coercivity at 300 K change little with respect to external pressure. The extension of the synthesis of these binaries into the bulk allows for specific binary phases to be targeted and analyzed for consideration in future devices.
Structures of (NaSCN)2(H2O)n−/0 (n = 0–7) and solvation induced ion pair separation: Gas phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations
Authors: Gong Shi-Yan , Wang Peng , Wei Zhi-You , Xu Hong-Guang , Xu Xi-Ling , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: May 2021

We studied (NaSCN)2(H2O)n− clusters in the gas phase using size-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy. The photoelectron spectra and vertical detachment energies of (NaSCN)2(H2O)n− (n = 0–5) were obtained in the experiment. The structures of (NaSCN)2(H2O)n−/0 up to n = 7 were investigated with density functional theory calculations. Two series of peaks are observed in the spectra, indicating that two types of structures coexist, the high electron binding energy peaks correspond to the chain style structures, and the low electron binding energy peaks correspond to the Na–N–Na–N rhombic structures or their derivatives. For the (NaSCN)2(H2O)n− clusters at n = 3–5, the Na–N–Na–N rhombic structures are the dominant structures, the rhombic four-membered rings start to open at n = 4, and the solvent separated ion pair (SSIP) type of structures start to appear at n = 6. For the neutral (NaSCN)2(H2O)n clusters, the Na–N–Na–N rhombic isomers become the dominant starting at n = 3, and the SSIP type of structures start to appear at n = 5 and become dominant at n = 6. The structural evolution of (NaSCN)2(H2O)n−/0 (n = 0–7) confirms the possible existence of ionic clusters such as Na(SCN)2− and Na2(SCN)+ in NaSCN aqueous solutions.
Demonstration of green and UV wavelength high Q aluminum nitride on sapphire microring resonators integrated with microheaters
Authors: Shin Walter , Sun Yi , Soltani Mohammad , Mi Zetian
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate a high Q aluminum nitride (AlN) on sapphire microring resonators at green (532 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (369.5 nm), which are two important wavelengths for sensing and quantum information processing. The quality factors (Q) of these resonators are characterized using integrated microheaters and based on thermo-optic resonance sweeping around those wavelengths for which tunable lasers are typically less available. We measure a record of high intrinsic Q of 147 000 with a propagation loss of 7.3 dB/cm at 532 nm wavelength, and an intrinsic Q of 25 500 with a propagation loss of 60.4 dB/cm at UV 369.5 nm wavelength. We also investigate the thermal crosstalk between the adjacent resonators when temperature change is applied by the microheater of one of the resonators on the same chip. A large thermal crosstalk and resonance shift are observed on other microring resonators even at millimeter(s) distance away from a microheater. This study provides further insight on the functionalities and capabilities of this promising integrated photonic platform for the ultraviolet (UV) and visible range.
A joint experimental and theoretical study on structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of MnGen− (n = 3–14) clusters
Authors: Fan Yi-Wei , Kong Xiang-Yu , Zhao Li-Juan , Wang Huai-Qian , Li Hui-Fang , Zhan Qian , Xie Biao , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: May 2021

A systematic structure and property investigation of MnGen− (n = 3–14) was conducted by means of density functional theory coupled with mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy. This combined theoretical and experimental study allows global minimum and coexistence structures to be identified. It is found that the pentagonal bipyramid shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of MnGen− (n = 3–10), and from n = 10, the endohedral structures can be found. For n = 12, the anion MnGe12− cluster probably includes two isomers: a major isomer with a puckered hexagonal prism geometry and a minor isomer with a distorted icosahedron geometry. Specifically, the puckered hexagonal prism isomer follows the Wade–Mingos rules and can be suggested as a new kind of superatom with the magnetic property. Furthermore, the results of adaptive natural density partitioning and deformation density analyses suggest a polar covalent interaction between Ge and Mn for endohedral clusters of MnGe12−. The spin density and natural population analysis indicate that MnGen− clusters have high magnetic moments localized on Mn. The density of states diagram visually shows the significant spin polarization for endohedral structures and reveals the weak interaction between the Ge 4p orbital and the 4s, 3d orbitals of Mn.
Photographic Field Guide to Australian Frogs
Authors: Sanders Mark
Published: May 2021

Australia is home to more than 240 species of frogs, many of which cannot be found anywhere else in the world.

The Photographic Field Guide to Australian Frogs provides readers with the tools to confidently identify 242 species and five recognised subspecies. It includes detailed information on the distribution, habitat preferences and call of each frog species, as well as fully illustrated keys to genera to assist with identification. Multiple photographs of each species show variation in colour and pattern as well as features used for identification such as thigh colouration, skin texture, belly colour and patterning, eye colour and extent of webbing between the toes.

With a strong focus on illustrating variation and key diagnostic features, this guide will enable frog enthusiasts, environmental professionals and research scientists to identify Australian frog species with a high level of confidence.
Medicinal Cannabis – The Green Fairy Phenomenon
Authors: Raymond Onyekachi , McCarthy Mary Jane , Baker Jess , Poulsen Helen
Published: May 2021

Frustration at the restrictions to access prescribed cannabinoids in New Zealand has resulted in a black market of home-made cannabis-based products for medicinal use. These products are being made, and marketed illegally, by individuals calling themselves ‘Green Fairies’. The products take many forms and are being used to treat a range of illnesses and symptoms including pain, insomnia, anxiety, and seizures. Analytical extraction methods were developed to determine the cannabinoid content in a variety of matrices, principally those that are soluble in methanol and those that are soluble in hexane. An LC-MS/MS method was developed that detected THC, THCA, CBD, CBDA, CBG, CBGA, CBN, THCV, and CBC with lower detection limits around 0.001 mg of cannabinoid per gram (mg g−1) of product. One hundred ‘Green Fairy’ samples have been analysed to determine the cannabinoid content, including 12 fully extracted cannabis oil (FECO) samples, 12 ethanolic tinctures, 6 vape juices, 39 oily liquids with olive oil, hemp seed oil, or medium chain triglycerides (MCT) as a base, and 31 waxy solids made using coconut oil. Nine named cannabis plant cultivars purported to be used to make these products have also been analysed. The results of the analyses show that these Green Fairy products contain a wide range of cannabinoid concentrations and the claim that a product was high in CBD was often not correct. The proposed dose size was not specified for these products, but few would provide what is considered an effective dose when compared with the administration of commercially purified cannabinoid products available by prescription. For many products the manufacturer had specified which cannabis cultivar had been used but a comparison of cannabinoid ratios showed a lack of consistency within products said to be made from the same strain. Analysis of named cannabis cultivars available showed little variation in the relative amounts of THC and CBD.
Hepatitis C virus modulates signal peptide peptidase to alter host protein processing
Authors: Hirano Junki , Yoshio Sachiyo , Sakai Yusuke , Songling Li , Suzuki Tatsuya , Itoh Yumi , Zhang He , Chen David Virya , Haga Saori , Oomori Hiroko , Kodama Takahiro , Maeda Yusuke , Ono Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yu , Standley Daron M. , Yamamoto Masahiro , Moriishi Kohji , Moriya Kyoji , Kanto Tatsuya , Takehara Tetsuo , Koike Kazuhiko , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Okamoto Toru
Published: May 2021

Significance

The mechanism by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) evades immune surveillance and causes chronic infection is unclear. We demonstrate here that HCV core protein interferes with the maturation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I catalyzed by signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and induces degradation via HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 homolog. In addition, we found that the core protein transmembrane domain is homologous to the human cytomegalovirus US2 protein, whose transmembrane region also targets SPP to impair MHC class I molecule expression in a similar manner. Therefore, our data suggest that SPP represents a potential target for the impairment of MHC class I molecules by DNA and RNA viruses.
Perceptions of invisible Zhuang minority language in Linguistic Landscapes of the People’s Republic of China and
implications for language policy
Authors: Grey Alexandra
Published: May 2021

The article presents data from a 2013–2019 ethnography of Zhuang language policy to support an analysis of
implications for language policy research and scholarship of findings about the (in)visibility of publicly displayed Zhuang. The
analysis challenges core assumptions of language policy-making, advocacy and scholarship and explicates the general implications
of this challenge beyond China, particularly for minority languages. The most important assumption that this article interrogates
is that a written language on display will be recognised as that language by its speakers. Further, it argues
that literacy, script, and other language policies impact on display policies and must work together; they do not in the Zhuang
case. In making a case for language policy informed by ethnographic research, this article reviews the foundations of
socially-situated analyses of Linguistic Landscapes. To galvanise further such research and articulate it to policy-makers, the
article employs the term ‘lived landscape approach’.
Grammaticalization and phonological reidentification in White Hmong
Authors: White Nathan M.
Published: May 2021

The “dynamic coevolution of meaning and form” of Bybee et al. (1994: 20) has been the subject of significant discussion as regards the languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. However, little work has focused on the mechanisms through which this coevolution occurs when it does surface in these languages. The current work considers phonological reidentification resulting from phonetic reduction in White Hmong (Hmong-Mien, Laos) involving four morphemes,ntshai/ntshe‘maybe’,saib/seb‘see if/whether;comp.cfact’,puag/pug‘locl;ints’, andniaj/nej‘each, every’. These morphemes exhibit an alternation where a rime is phonologically reidentified in a manner consistent with typical phonetic underarticulation patterns, such that an exemplar-model approach (Pierrehumbert 2001,inter alia) provides a straightforward explanation. Furthermore, the data show that the phonological reidentification patterns found in White Hmong exhibit parallels in other languages in the region, confirming that an areal approach to grammaticalization provides greater descriptive adequacy cross-linguistically as regards this phenomenon.
Translators’ and revisers’ competences in legal translation
Authors: Parra-Galiano Silvia
Published: May 2021

This article proposes a hierarchy of translator and reviser competences in prototypical scenarios in legal
translation with a view to determining the most appropriate revision foci to ensure translation quality. Built on a prior
characterisation of the most common professional translator profiles in legal translation, the proposal for a hierarchy of
competences derives from two premises: (1) The professional profile of those who translate and revise legal documents is very
diverse in terms of competence and qualifications (training and experience), and (2) translation competence and specialist
knowledge in legal fields (i.e., domain competence) are fundamental when revising to guarantee the quality of legal translations.
The proposal is framed by quality assurance in legal translation through a revision process based on (1) the coherent management
of the work of the translators and revisers involved in the translation project, and (2) the appropriate methodology for revision
applied to legal translation by adapting the revision mode’s focus to ensure its effectiveness. Six common scenarios are
identified in light of the translators’ profiles, for which revisers’ profiles are then proposed in order to detect any legal
translation competence deficiencies among translators, and thus ensure quality.
Ganoderma boninense (basal stem rot of oil palm).
Authors: Paterson R. R. M.
Published: May 2021

Darmono (1998) described disease incidence of 51% in some areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. More recent estimation of disease is provided for Malaysia and Sumatra in Paterson (2019, a, b). Basal stem rot (BSR) infection of oil palms in Thailand remains low (Likhitekaraj and Tummakate, 2000): Pornsuriya et al. (2013) indicated that levels were at 1.53%, although they state that the disease was experienced widely in southern plantations. The BSR levels may be influenced by being contiguous with peninsular Malaysia where the disease levels are high (Paterson, 2019b). A scenario of 10% infection currently is a reasonable scenario for Thailand. Papua New Guinea has an important palm oil industry (Corley and Tinker, 2015). The level of BSR in Papua New Guinea is not as high as in some other areas of South-East Asia although 50% has been recorded (Pilotti, 2005; Pilotti et al., 2018). An average of 25% infection is a plausible scenario for this country as the initial level is lower than that used for Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia. The Philippines has an oil palm industry at a lower level than that of Thailand (Corley and Tinker, 2015). BSR will be low as the plantations have not been established recently (Woods, 2015) and distances between plantations will be high. Equally, there are no reports of infection by BSR in the literature. Hence a low level of BSR can be expected. BSR of oil palms has been recorded widely throughout the tropics and is considered as a serious disease in Africa and South America.
Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape).
Authors: Parker Chris
Published: May 2021

O. cumana is an obligatory, non-photosynthetic root parasite. It is believed to have evolved relatively recently from forms of O. cernua parasitizing wild Asteraceae, in particular species of Artemisia, and transferring to cultivated Helianthus annuus (sunflower). O. cumana is thought to be native to Eastern Europe (Russia) and has subsequently spread to most other sunflower growing regions of central and western Europe and Asia. The absence of O. cumana in sunflower growing regions of South America (for example Argentina) is believed to be associated with warmer winter temperatures not suitable for this species, rather than the seeds not being present. O. cumana can cause immense damage to cultivated sunflowers resulting in a significant decrease in yield. Despite resistant sunflower varieties being developed more virulent races of O. cumana have repeatedly evolved, or been selected, to overcome resistance. Thus, in spite of constant breeding efforts, losses continue in established sunflower growing areas and there is potential for it to invade new areas, wherever sunflower is grown.
Real space analysis of colloidal gels: triumphs, challenges and future directions
Authors: Royall C Patrick , Faers Malcolm A , Fussell Sian L , Hallett James E
Published: May 2021

Colloidal gels constitute an important class of materials found in many contexts and with a wide range of applications. Yet as matter far from equilibrium, gels exhibit a variety of time-dependent behaviours, which can be perplexing, such as an increase in strength prior to catastrophic failure. Remarkably, such complex phenomena are faithfully captured by an extremely simple model—‘sticky spheres’. Here we review progress in our understanding of colloidal gels made through the use of real space analysis and particle resolved studies. We consider the challenges of obtaining a suitable experimental system where the refractive index and density of the colloidal particles is matched to that of the solvent. We review work to obtain a particle-level mechanism for rigidity in gels and the evolution of our understanding of time-dependent behaviour, from early-time aggregation to ageing, before considering the response of colloidal gels to deformation and then move on to more complex systems of anisotropic particles and mixtures. Finally we note some more exotic materials with similar properties.
Stimulated Raman scattering in a plasma embedded with CNTs
Authors: Yadav Mamta , Kumar Ashok , Mandal Subhayan
Published: May 2021

Stimulated Raman scattering of a laser pump in a carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded plasma is studied. The CNT response to the laser field is anisotropic and modifies the electrostatic and electromagnetic modes significantly. For Raman backscattering, the growth rate increases due to the presence of CNTs. The enhancement is strong when frequency of the pump or one of the decay waves is near the surface plasmon resonance. Exactly at the resonance, the phase matching condition is not satisfied. For the normalized laser amplitude a0 = 0.01 at 1.06 micron wavelength, the growth time is typically in the sub-picosecond range. The linear damping of the Langmuir wave decreases the growth rate.
Responses of Halo Occupation Distributions: a new ingredient in the halo model & the impact on galaxy bias
Authors: Voivodic Rodrigo , Barreira Alexandre
Published: May 2021

Halo occupation distribution (HOD) models describe the number of galaxies that reside in different haloes, and are widely used in galaxy-halo connection studies using the halo model (HM). Here, we introduce and study HOD response functions
R
𝒪

g
that describe the response of the HODs to long-wavelength perturbations 𝒪. The linear galaxy bias parameters b
𝒪

g
are a weighted version of b
𝒪

h
+ R
𝒪

g
, where b
𝒪

h
is the halo bias, but the contribution from R
𝒪

g
is routinely ignored in the literature. We investigate the impact of this by measuring the R
𝒪

g
in separate universe simulations of the IllustrisTNG model for three types of perturbations: total matter perturbations, 𝒪 = δ
h
; baryon-CDM compensated isocurvature perturbations, 𝒪 = σ; and potential perturbations with local primordial non-Gaussianity, 𝒪 ∝ f
NLϕ. Our main takeaway message is that the R
𝒪
g are not negligible in general and their size should be estimated on a case-by-case basis. For stellar-mass selected galaxies, the responses R
𝒪

g
and R
σ

g
are sizeable and cannot be neglected in HM calculations of the bias parameters b
ϕ

g
and b
σ

g
; this is relevant to constrain inflation using galaxies. On the other hand, we do not detect a strong impact of the HOD response R
1

g
on the linear galaxy bias b
1

g
. These results can be explained by the impact that the perturbations 𝒪 have on stellar-to-total-mass relations. We also look into the impact on the bias of the gas distribution and find similar conclusions. We show that a single extra parameter describing the overall amplitude of R
𝒪

g
recovers the measured b
𝒪

g
well, which indicates that R
𝒪

g
can be easily added to HM/HOD studies as a new ingredient.
Probing structural and electronic properties of divalent metal Mg
n+1 and SrMg
n
(n = 2–12) clusters and their anions
Authors: Xi Song-Guo , Li Qing-Yang , Hu Yan-Fei , Yuan Yu-Quan , Zhao Ya-Ru , Yuan Jun-Jie , Li Meng-Chun , Yang Yu-Jie
Published: May 2021

Divalent metal clusters have received great attention due to the interesting size-induced nonmetal-to-metal transition and fascinating properties dependent on cluster size, shape, and doping. In this work, the combination of the CALYPSO code and density functional theory (DFT) optimization is employed to explore the structural properties of neutral and anionic Mg
n + 1 and SrMg
n
(n = 2–12) clusters. The results exhibit that as the atomic number of Mg increases, Sr atoms are more likely to replace Mg atoms located in the skeleton convex cap. By analyzing the binding energy, second-order energy difference and the charge transfer, it can be found the SrMg9 cluster with tower framework presents outstanding stability in a studied size range. Further, bonding characteristic analysis reveals that the stability of SrMg9 can be improved due to the strong s–p interaction among the atomic orbitals of Sr and Mg atoms.