bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Most Frequently Cited Sources, Articles, and Authors in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Textbooks: Implications for the Science–Practice Divide, Scholarly Impact, and the Future of the Field
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Ramani Ravi S. , Campbell P. Knight , Bernal-Turnes Paloma , Drewry Josiah M. , Edgerton Brett T.
Published: October 2017

Most future industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology practitioners and researchers initially enroll in an introductory I-O psychology course during their junior or senior year of undergraduate studies, making introductory textbooks their first in-depth exposure to the field and an important knowledge base. We reviewed and analyzed the 6,654 unique items (e.g., journal articles, book chapters) published in 1,682 unique sources (e.g., scholarly journals, edited books, popular press publications) and authored by 8,603 unique individuals cited in six popular I-O psychology textbooks. Results showed that 39% of the top-cited sources are not traditional academic peer-reviewed journals, 77% of the top-cited articles were published in cross-disciplinary journals, and 58% of the top-cited authors are affiliated with business schools and not psychology departments. These results suggest that the science–practice divide in I-O psychology may develop later—perhaps after graduates obtain employment as either practitioners or researchers. Also, results suggest I-O psychology is closer to business and management than social psychology and psychology in general. We discuss additional implications for the science–practice divide, how to define and measure scholarly impact, and the future of I-O psychology as a field, including the movement of I-O psychologists to business schools and the sustainability of I-O psychology programs in psychology departments.
Lock-exchange release density currents over three-dimensional regular roughness elements
Authors: Bhaganagar Kiran , Pillalamarri Narasimha Rao
Published: October 2017

A fundamental study has been conducted to understand the front characteristics and the mixing in the flow of density currents over rough surfaces. A large-eddy simulation (LES) has been performed for lock-exchange release density currents over rough walls to shed light on the unsteady mixing processes. A volume-penalization method, which is a special case of the immersed-boundary method, has been implemented to realize the bottom-mounted rough topology. In this study, the LES has been conducted in a channel with a lower wall covered with three-dimensional cube- and pyramid-shaped roughness elements, such that all cases have the same base area, but differences in the roughness solidity and volume fraction of roughness. Both cases of identical roughness elements and those with randomness in height have been considered. The maximum roughness height for all cases is kept at a constant fraction (10 %) of the total channel height. The study focuses on the instantaneous mixing processes in lock-exchange release currents over rough surfaces. An important contribution of the work is that qualitative and quantitative analysis has been conducted to demonstrate additional mixing mechanisms due to the presence of surface roughness that enhances dilution of the current. Enhanced mixing due to roughness is related to the strength of the shear layer resulting from the roughness, and hence depends on friction Reynolds number ($Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$). The combined role of current characteristics and $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$ together dictate the mixing processes and extent of dilution in density currents over surface roughness.
Vector form Intrinsic Finite Element Based Approach to Simulate Crack Propagation
Authors: Duan Y. F. , Wang S. M. , Wang R. Z. , Wang C. Y. , Ting E. C.
Published: October 2017

This paper presents a new approach to simulate the propagation of elastic and cohesive cracks under mode-I loading based on the vector form intrinsic finite element method. The proposed approach can handle crack propagation without requiring global stiffness matrices and extra weak stiffness elements. The structure is simulated by mass particles whose motions are governed by the Newton's second law. Elastic and cohesive crack propagation are simulated by proposed VFIFE-J-integral and VFIFE-FCM methods, respectively. The VFIFE-J-integral method is based on vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) andJ-integral methods to calculate the stress intensity factors at the crack tips, and the VFIFE-FCM method combines VFIFE and fictitious crack models (FCM). When the stress state at the crack tip meets the fracture criterion, the mass particle at the crack tip is separated into two particles. The crack then extends in the plate until the plate splits into two parts. The proposed VFIFE-J-integral method was validated by elastic crack simulation of a notched plate, and the VFIFE-FCM method by cohesive crack propagation of a three point bending beam. As assembly of the global stiffness matrix is avoided and each mass particle motion is calculated independently, the proposed method is easy and efficient. Numerical comparisons demonstrate that the present results predicted by the VFIFE method are in agreement with previous analytical, numerical and experimental works.
Second Law Analysis for Two-Immiscible Fluids Inside an Inclined Channel in the Presence of a Uniform Magnetic Field and Different Types of Nanoparticles
Authors: Shahri M. F. , Sarhaddi F.
Published: October 2017

Magnetohydrodynamic entropy generation of two immiscible fluids inside an inclined channel in the presence of different types of nanoparticles is examined. Channel consists of two regions, one Newtonian clear fluid and another Newtonian nanofluid with water as the base fluid and different nanoparticles including copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and titanium dioxide (TiO2). Governing equations are solved with homotopy analysis method to highlight the effect of magnetic parameter, Grashof number, inclination angle and solid volume fraction on the total entropy generation for all types of nanoparticles. Results demonstrate that increasing of Grashof number, inclination angle and solid volume fraction amplifies the total entropy generation, while the enlargement of magnetic parameter reduces it especially for solid volume fractions greater than 15%. Among the several case studies performed, it is seen that water-TiO2 nanofluid is the best nanofluid from the viewpoint of entropy generation minimization. It is also found that the maximum total entropy generation is 1.268 and takes place for water-Cu nanofluid. Moreover, it is observed that the entropy generation component due to heat conduction of water-Cu nanofluid occupies 33.62% of the maximum total entropy generation and consequently that is the main cause of irreversibility in this study.
Numerical Assessment of Compressive Deformation in Metal-Ceramic Multilayer Micro-Pillars
Authors: Tang G. , Shen Y. L.
Published: October 2017

A numerical study was undertaken to investigate the mechanical properties of metal-ceramic multilayer micro-pillars under compression. The model system contains alternating layers of aluminum (Al) and silicon carbide (SiC) above a thick silicon (Si) substrate. The finite element analyses show that the pillar deformed in a non-uniform manner under compression, especially when a tapered side wall was included in the model. The heterogeneous feature of the structure plays a significant role in influencing the apparent stress-strain response. The elastic property of the pillar compares favorably with the true composite modulus, but a large discrepancy was found in the plastic response. The difference in deformation behavior between homogeneous pillars and multilayer pillars, along with other geometric effects, were examined in detail.
Coding communications across time: Documenting changes in interaction patterns across adopter categories
Authors: CHU KAR-HAI , PITTS STEPHANIE R. , WIPFLI HEATHER , VALENTE THOMAS W.
Published: October 2017

GLOBALink, a large online network of tobacco control professionals, was active in the promotion of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control treaty, an international treaty aimed at reducing the global burden of tobacco-related death and disease. We examined and compared the roles that different countries served in the GLOBALink community during FCTC negotiation and ratification. Previous studies of FCTC ratification found the process adhered to a diffusion of innovation model (Valente et al., 2015). We followed that work by conducting content analyses of discussion messages posted by GLOBALink members representing different countries. Based on the time when they ratified the FCTC, each country was labeled by one of the four adoption stages of the diffusion model and we investigated the amount of shared word use between the different stages. A goodness-of-fit chi-squared test indicated that content was not shared in an expected manner between stages (χ2 = 11,856.45, N = 51,447, p < 0.001). A deeper look at the specific words shared between countries within and between adoption stages provided insight into how interactions between certain countries might have served to support the ratification process.
Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, Nicholas of Cusa, and the Crusade: Conciliar, Imperial, and Papal Authority
Authors: Housley Norman
Published: October 2017

This essay surveys the ways the attitudes of Piccolomini and Cusa toward the initiation of a crusade were shaped by their shifting allegiances between 1432 and their deaths in 1464. Piccolomini's developing interest in crusade, which became his central concern during his reign as pope, is traced through his years at Basel and in the service of Frederick III. Cusa's attitude toward crusade is approached in terms of the apparent contradiction between the views set out in hisDe pace fideiand the role that he played at imperial diets in the 1440s and 1450s. In the case of both men, the impact of the fall of Constantinople in 1453 is reassessed.
TheChrist MythDebate: Radical Theology and German Public Life, 1909–1913
Authors: Williamson George S.
Published: October 2017

In 1909, the philosopher Arthur Drews unleashed a brief but furious debate when he publishedDie Christusmythe, in which he denied the historicity of Jesus Christ. This article seeks to understand the origin and significance of the “Christ Myth” controversy, focusing not simply on its scholarly content, but also on the historical contexts in which it unfolded, in particular the increasingly public and popular nature of theological debate in late Wilhelmine Germany. The article examines Drews's long-standing commitment to a monist religious philosophy inspired by his mentor Eduard von Hartmann, as well as his decision to intervene in the increasingly contentious debate around Protestant liberal theology's view of the “historical Jesus.” It also describes Drews's campaign to spread his views to a broader public through a series of lectures and debates, many of which were organized and promoted by the German Monist League. Although the actual theses ofDie Christusmythewere not particularly original or well argued, the ensuing controversy placed Protestant liberal theology in a difficult position, which opponents were quick to exploit. While a wide range of Protestant theologians attempted to refute Drews, others moved away from a reliance on the historical Jesus. This shift was in part a response to intellectual difficulties in liberal theology that Drews helped expose, but it can also be seen as a reaction to the unseemly spectacle of university professors defending themselves against autodidacts and dilettantes, a situation that led some theologians to ground their positions on intellectual terrain less susceptible to such attacks.
A MODULI INTERPRETATION FOR THE NON-SPLIT CARTAN MODULAR CURVE
Authors: REBOLLEDO MARUSIA , WUTHRICH CHRISTIAN
Published: October 2017

Modular curves likeX0(N) andX1(N) appear very frequently in arithmetic geometry. While their complex points are obtained as a quotient of the upper half plane by some subgroups of SL2(ℤ), they allow for a more arithmetic description as a solution to a moduli problem. We wish to give such a moduli description for two other modular curves, denoted here byXnsp(p) andXnsp+(p) associated to non-split Cartan subgroups and their normaliser in GL2(𝔽p). These modular curves appear for instance in Serre's problem of classifying all possible Galois structures ofp-torsion points on elliptic curves over number fields. We give then a moduli-theoretic interpretation and a new proof of a result of Chen (Proc. London Math. Soc.(3)77(1) (1998), 1–38;J. Algebra231(1) (2000), 414–448).
NONNOETHERIAN HOMOTOPY DIMER ALGEBRAS AND NONCOMMUTATIVE CREPANT RESOLUTIONS
Authors: BEIL CHARLIE
Published: October 2017

Noetherian dimer algebras form a prominent class of examples of noncommutative crepant resolutions (NCCRs). However, dimer algebras that are noetherian are quite rare, and we consider the question: how close are nonnoetherian homotopy dimer algebras to being NCCRs? To address this question, we introduce a generalization of NCCRs to nonnoetherian tiled matrix rings. We show that if a noetherian dimer algebra is obtained from a nonnoetherian homotopy dimer algebraAby contracting each arrow whose head has indegree 1, thenAis a noncommutative desingularization of its nonnoetherian centre. Furthermore, if any two arrows whose tails have indegree 1 are coprime, thenAis a nonnoetherian NCCR.
LORDS AT THE END OF THE EMPIRE: NEGOTIATING POWER IN THE LATE BYZANTINE FRONTIERS (FOURTEENTH–FIFTEENTH CENTURIES)
Authors: Kondyli Fotini
Published: October 2017

The defence of Late Byzantine (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries) frontier zones frequently became the responsibility of military elites, borderlords, who enjoyed absolute power in these areas and immunity from any fiscal or other obligation towards the Byzantine state. In this article I present the case studies of two borderlord families: the brothers and military officials Alexios and John, and the Genoese family of the Gattilusi, who ruled large areas around the Northern Aegean in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and participated actively in their defence at a time when they were surrounded by enemies and plagued by piracy. The aim of the article is twofold. First, I consider the borderlords’ building activities, modes of self-representation and the creation of new geographies as strategies for establishing control and legitimising their power. Second, I explore how the rise of these borderlords fits with Byzantine imperial policies and corresponds to changes in the character of Late Byzantine imperial authority and the role of the Byzantine emperor within and beyond the empire. Over the course of this article I hope to highlight the complexity of the political and economic situation in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries and contribute to an understanding of modes of Late Byzantine government and power that move beyond simplistic frameworks of decline and fall.
CITY NOTARIES AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF A TERRITORY: LUCCA, 1430–1501
Authors: Bratchel M.E.
Published: October 2017

In Lucca in 1430 the republic was restored after 30 years of princely rule. The restored republic ruled over a territory that included much of the Versilia and parts of the Garfagnana. The important role played by notaries in the administration of the territories of both cities and princes has long been recognized. Moving rapidly from office to office, notaries were key figures in the courts, as administrators, and for the fisc. The present article examines the functions, personnel, reputation and effectiveness of notaries in the service of fifteenth-century Lucca following the restoration of liberty. Much attention has been paid to state-formation and territorial administration in the recent literature; relatively little to the precise role played by notaries. This article aims to provide a case study against which experiences elsewhere can be measured. Lucca was distinctive in the fifteenth-century context by virtue of its continued independence as a traditional city-state. Comparisons have been drawn between Lucca and its neighbouring states, but with due recognition of the obvious differences that divide Lucca both from the newer territorial conglomerations and from subjected cities that continued to enjoy extensive, supervised rights over their local administration.
Genotype and genetic variation of HCV infections with low-risk factors in Putian coastal regions, China
Authors: LI X. M. , QIU R. X. , SONG C. H. , HUANG Q. H. , WANG X. D. , HU Z. T. , HE X. Z. , YE X. Y. , HUANG X. G. , ZHENG F. F. , LIN G. X.
Published: October 2017

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the leading causes of death and morbidity associated with liver disease. Risk factors identified for the transmission of HCV include contaminated blood products, intravenous drug use, body piercing, an infected mother at birth, sexual activity, and dental therapy, among others. However, the exact diversity of the HCV genotype and genetic variation among patients with low-risk factors is still unknown. In this study, we briefly described and analysed the genotype distribution and genetic variation of HCV infections with low-risk factors using molecular biology techniques. The results suggested that genotype 1b was predominant, followed by genotypes 2a and 1a. Genetic variations in the 5′ UTR sequences of HCV were identified, including point mutations, deletions, and insertions. The frequency of genetic variations in 1b was higher than in 2a. This study provides considerable value for the prevention and treatment of liver disease caused by HCV among patients with low-risk factors and for the development of HCV diagnostic reagents and vaccines.
Efficacy of vortioxetine in working patients with generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Christensen Michael Cronquist , Loft Henrik , Florea Ioana , McIntyre Roger S.
Published: October 2017

Background

Vortioxetine is an approved antidepressant that has also demonstrated positive effects on anxiety symptoms in subjects with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This post-hoc analysis evaluates the efficacy of vortioxetine in GAD subjects who are working and/or pursuing an education.

Methods

In study NCT00744627, 301 GAD subjects were randomized to vortioxetine 5 mg or placebo for 8 weeks. Efficacy measures included the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM–A) total score, response/remission, global functioning (Sheehan Disability Scale [SDS]), and quality of life (Short Form–36 Health Survey). In study NCT00788034, 687 GAD subjects were treated open-label with vortioxetine 5 or 10 mg for 20 weeks, after which subjects in remission were randomized to fixed-dose of vortioxetine (5 or 10 mg) or placebo for at least 24 weeks. The primary endpoint was time to relapse. Analyses were completed in subjects working and/or pursuing an education at study entry and the full analysis set.

Results

In study NCT00744627, the effect of vortioxetine versus placebo on HAM–A total score was –4.3 (p=0.0005) in working subjects (60% of total), while the effect in the total population was –3.8 (p=0.0001). The effect was greatest in subjects in professional (–4.5,p=0.0130) and associate professional positions (–7.6,p=0.0086). Greater effects in terms of response, remission, and the SDS and SF–36 were also observed. In NCT00788034, working subjects (69% of total) randomized to placebo were significantly more likely to relapse than subjects treated with vortioxetine (hazard ratio=2.9;p<0.001), while the hazard ratio in the total population was 2.7 (p<0.0001).

Conclusions

The beneficial effects of vortioxetine on anxiety symptoms, functioning, and quality of life are greater in adults with GAD who are working and/or pursuing an education versus the full GAD study population.
Treatment of Storm Fears Using Virtual Reality and Progressive Muscle Relaxation
Authors: Lima Jessica , McCabe-Bennett Hanna , Antony Martin M.
Published: October 2017

Background: The present study examined the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy for treating individuals with storm fears by comparing a one-session VR exposure treatment with a one-session progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and psychoeducation session. Aims: It was predicted that there would be a reduction in storm-related fear post-treatment for individuals in both conditions, but that this reduction would be greater for those in the VR exposure condition. It was predicted that improvements would be maintained at 30-day follow-up only for those in the VR exposure condition. Method: Thirty-six participants each received one of the two treatment conditions. Those in the PMR treatment group received approximately 30 minutes of PMR and approximately 15 minutes of psychoeducation regarding storms. Those in the VR treatment group received approximately 1 hour of VR exposure. Additionally, participants were asked to complete a pre-treatment and post-treatment 5-minute behavioural approach test to assess changes in storm fears. They were also asked to complete a measure assessing storm phobia. Results: There was a significant interaction between treatment group and self-reported fear at post-treatment, such that fear decreased for both groups, although the reduction was stronger in the VR group. Results also showed that reductions in storm fear were maintained at 30-day follow-up for both groups. Conclusions: Although this study used a small non-clinical sample, these results offer preliminary support for the use of VR exposure therapy in the treatment of storm-related fear.
“WAIT-AND-SEE” MONETARY POLICY
Authors: Lei Xiaowen , Tseng Michael C.
Published: October 2017

This paper develops a model of the optimal timing of interest rate changes. With fixed adjustment costs and ongoing uncertainty, changing the interest rate involves the exercise of an option. Optimal policy therefore has a “wait-and-see” component, which can be quantified using option pricing techniques. We show that increased uncertainty makes the central bank more reluctant to change its target interest rate, and argue that this helps explain recent observed deviations from the Taylor Rule. An optimal wait-and-see policy fits the target interest rates of the Fed and Bank of Canada better than the Taylor Rule.
ESTIMATING CAPITAL FLOWS TO EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES WITH HETEROGENEOUS PANELS
Authors: Hernandez-Vega Marco
Published: October 2017

Current data provide macroeconomic information for a large number of countries and for long periods of time (macropanels). In such panels, slope heterogeneity and cross-section dependence (CSD) are the rule rather than the exception, leading the fixed effects slope estimators to be biased and inconsistent. This paper analyzes gross capital flows to emerging economies employing the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) model to account for slope heterogeneity and CSD. The results suggest that the AMG performs better than the fixed effects model and that not only country heterogeneity is important to analyze capital inflows to emerging economies, but also are the differences among the types of capital inflows.
Relationship between dietary vitamin D and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in Portuguese adolescents
Authors: Cabral Maria , Araújo Joana , Lopes Carla , Barros Henrique , Guimarães João Tiago , Severo Milton , Ramos Elisabete
Published: October 2017

Objective

To understand the relationship between vitamin D intake and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in a sample of Portuguese adolescents.

Design

Cross-sectional evaluation carried out in the 2003/2004 school year. Vitamin D intake was assessed by an FFQ and 25(OH)D was measured in a fasting blood sample.

Setting

Public and private schools in Porto, Portugal.

Subjects

Adolescents aged 13 years (n 521) enrolled at school (EPITeen cohort).

Results

Both mean (sd) intake and serum 25(OH)D level were far below the recommended, 4·47 (2·49) µg/d and 16·5 (5·7) ng/ml, respectively. A significant difference in serum level was found according to season, with lower values in winter than summer (14·8 (4·6) v. 17·3 (5·9) ng/ml, P<0·001). Vitamin D intake was weakly correlated with serum 25(OH)D (r=0·056, P=0·203).

Conclusions

Dietary vitamin D and serum 25(OH)D levels were positively but weakly correlated and the error was higher among those with higher serum 25(OH)D concentration. Our results support the need for strategies that promote increase of the most important food sources of vitamin D to reduce the high prevalence of low vitamin D status.
PARABOLIC CLASSICAL CURVATURE FLOWS
Authors: GUILFOYLE BRENDAN , KLINGENBERG WILHELM
Published: October 2017

We consider classical curvature flows: 1-parameter families of convex embeddings of the 2-sphere into Euclidean 3-space, which evolve by an arbitrary (nonhomogeneous) function of the radii of curvature (RoC). We determine conditions for parabolic flows that ensure the boundedness of various geometric quantities and investigate some examples. As a new tool, we introduce the RoC diagram of a surface and its hyperbolic or anti-de Sitter metric. The relationship between the RoC diagram and the properties of Weingarten surfaces is also discussed.
Governance and Governmentality in Community Participation: The Shifting Sands of Power, Responsibility and Risk
Authors: Rolfe Steve
Published: October 2017

Community participation has become an essential element of government policy around the globe in recent decades. This move towards ‘government through community’ has been presented as an opportunity for citizens to gain power and as a necessary part of the shift from government to governance, enabling states and communities to tackle complex problems in tandem. However, it has also been critiqued as an attempt to shift responsibility from the state onto communities. Using evidence from detailed case studies, this article examines the implementation of Localism in England and Community Empowerment in Scotland. The findings suggest a need for a more nuanced analysis of community participation policy, incorporating risk alongside responsibility and power, as well as considering the agency of communities and the local state. Furthermore, understanding the constraints on community participation is key, particularly in terms of the enveloping impacts of austerity and state retrenchment.
IS EATING MEAT ETHICAL?
Authors: Brooks Thom
Published: October 2017

Eating meat can be ethical, but only when it does not violate rights. This requires that the ways in which meat is produced and prepared for human consumption satisfies certain standards. While many current practices may fall short of this standard, this does not justify the position that eating meat cannot be ethical under any circumstances and there should be no principled objection to its possibility.
REMEMBER ME
Authors: Latham Sally
Published: October 2017

This piece considers the role of memory in personal identity, but specifically how we can choose and manipulate individual memories in order to take control of self-identity. The ideas of Locke and Ricoeur are briefly included, along with some questions about the implications of memory on identity in the age of social media.
PROPERLY BASIC THEISTIC BELIEF: A SESAME STREET OBJECTION
Authors: Nickel Ken
Published: October 2017

Christian philosopher Alvin Plantinga wants everyone to agree that while sceptics will always be with us, no one is irrational in accepting what only the stubborn sceptic denies. Plantinga claims no one should be considered irrational for accepting what the religious sceptic denies either. Rather, the claim goes, belief in God should be as uncontroversial as any other properly basic belief sensible people happily hold without absolute proof sufficient to silence the sceptic. The legitimacy of placing theistic belief alongside other properly basic beliefs is challenged by the Sesame Street Objection: ‘one of these things is not like the others’.
UNDERSTANDING BASIC BELIEF: AN EVIDENTIALIST REPLY TO ALVIN PLANTINGA
Authors: Norman Andrew
Published: October 2017

Alvin Plantinga dealt a significant blow to the ‘sufficient evidence’ standard of rational accountability when he showed that many beliefs are, as he puts it, ‘properly basic’ – rationally permissible despite appearing to lack an evidential basis. Why, Plantinga asks, can't belief in God be considered properly basic? In this article, I provide a workable account of proper basicality, thereby repairing a long-standing problem with evidentialism. This deepens our understanding of what it means to be rationally responsible, and allows a definitive answer to the theological question: God-belief, it turns out, cannot be considered properly basic.
NOTHING IS ALIVE (WE ONLY SAY SO)
Authors: Benovsky Jiri
Published: October 2017

Finding an adequate definition of ‘life’ has proven to be a tricky affair. In this article, I discuss the idea that nothing is really alive: we only say so. I shall argue that ‘being alive’ is not a genuine property of things, and that it only reflects the way we think and talk about things. An eliminativist strategy will then allow us to free ourselves from the burden of having to find a definition of life, and will allow us to focus on the genuinely interesting properties of living (and non-living) entities.
Identification of drought stress tolerance in wild species germplasm of rice based on leaf and root morphology
Authors: Neelam Kumari , Sahi Gurpreet K. , Kumar Kishor , Singh Kuldeep
Published: October 2017

Drought is the major abiotic constraint to the rice production in the rain-fed areas across Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Wild species of Oryza offer a wide spectrum of adaptive traits and can serve as potential donors of biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. At the Punjab Agricultural University, we are maintaining an active collection of 1630 accessions of wild species germplasm (AA, CC, BBCC and CCDD) of rice. These accessions were screened to assess genetic variation for drought tolerance under field conditions. Severe water stress was imposed at the late vegetative stage by withholding water initially for 25 d and then extended further to 35 d during kharif season in the years 2013–14 and 2015–16. The tolerance score for drought stress was based on the extent of leaf rolling and leaf drying. Based on the 2 years’ data, seven accessions from Oryza rufipogon, four from Oryza longistaminata and one each from Oryza officinalis and Oryza latifolia were found tolerant to drought stress. These selected accessions were further phenotype for root morphology. The average root length among the selected accessions ranges between 36 and 80 cm and the number of primary roots vary from 30 to 87 cm. The O. rufipogon accession IRGC 106433, O. longistaminata accession IRGC 92656A, O. officinalis accession IRGC 101152 and O. latifolia accession IRGC 80769 showed approximately 2–2.5 times longer root length and number than the indica rice elite cultivar PR121. The results indicated potentiality of selected wild species germplasm for conferring drought tolerance to the elite cultivars.
Loneliness, health and mortality
Authors: Henriksen J. , Larsen E. R. , Mattisson C. , Andersson N. W.
Published: October 2017

Aims.

Literature suggests an association between loneliness and mortality for both males and females. Yet, the linkage of loneliness to mortality is not thoroughly examined, and need to be replicated with a long follow-up time. This study assessed the association between loneliness and mortality, including associations to gender, in 1363 adult swedes.

Methods.

This community-based prospective cohort study from the Swedish Lundby Study included 1363 individuals of whom 296 individuals (21.7%) were identified as lonely with use of semi-structured interviews in 1997. The cohort was followed until 2011 and survival analyses were used to estimate the relative risk of death.

Results.

Death occurred with an incidence rate of 2.63 per 100 person-years and 2.09 per 100 person-years for lonely and non-lonely individuals, respectively. In crude analysis, loneliness was associated with a significant increased mortality risk of 27% compared with non-lonely individuals [hazard ratio (HR) 1.27; 95% CI 1.01–1.60]. Unadjusted, lonely females had a significant increased risk (HR 1.76; 95% CI 1.31–2.34) and adjusted insignificant increased mortality risk of 27% (HR 1.27; 95% CI 0.92–1.74), compared with non-lonely females. Lonely males were found to have an adjusted significant decreased risk of mortality (HR 0.50; 95% CI 0.32–0.80), compared with non-lonely males.

Conclusions.

Findings suggest an association between loneliness and increased risk of mortality and that gender differences may exist, which have not been previously reported. If replicated, our results indicate that loneliness may have differential physical implications in some subgroups. Future studies are needed to further investigate the influence of gender on the relationship.
Gender Differences in the Influence of Parenting on Youth Antisocial Behavior through Deviant Peers
Authors: Cutrín Olalla , Gómez-Fraguela José Antonio , Sobral Jorge
Published: October 2017

The aim of this study was to assess gender differences in direct and indirect effects of parental knowledge, family support, family conflict, and deviant peers on violent and nonviolent antisocial behavior among youngsters. The total sample was composed of 584 young people, 274 males and 310 females, aged 14 to 20 from High Schools of Galicia (NW Spain). The variables were assessed with different scales of the protocol Valoración del Riesgo en Adolescentes Infractores [Juvenile Offender’s Risk Assessment]. Several structural equation models were conducted to clarify the relationships between these variables for males and females. The results showed a better fit for the mediated model. Significant direct effects were found for parental knowledge (β = –.35, p < .01, males; β = –.16, p < .05, females) and parental support (β = .26, p < .05, males) on nonviolent behavior. Significant direct effects were also found for parental knowledge (β = –.36, p < .05, males; β = –.42, p < .05, females) and parental support (β = .32, p < .05, males; β = .24, p < .05, females) on violent behavior. Not significant direct effects were found for family conflict. Moreover, significant indirect effects through deviant peers were found for knowledge (β = –.23, p < .01, males; β = –.21, p < .01, females), support (β = .20, p < .05, males; β = .21, p < .05, females), and conflict (β = .28, p < .01, males; β = .26, p < .05, females) on nonviolent behavior, as well as for knowledge (β = –.20, p < .01, males; β = –.10, p < .01, females), support (β = .18, p < .01, males; β = .10, p < .01, females), and conflict (β = .24, p < .05, males; β = .12, p < .01, females) on violent behavior. Thus, significant gender differences were found, specifically in the direct effects of family support on nonviolent antisocial behavior. The implications of these results for prevention of antisocial behaviors in youth based on gender differences are discussed.
Schmerztherapie in der Palliativmedizin
Authors: Ott Alexander , Weber Andreas
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Ansprüche an die Palliativmedizin werden in der Schweiz in kommenden Jahren, durch die demographische Entwicklung mit steigender Lebenserwartung und der Zunahme der unheilbaren Krankheiten, steigen. Die Behandlung von Schmerzen ist ein zentraler Bestandteil der Palliativmedizin, deren Therapieansätze sich in erster Linie nach den bestehenden Symptomen richten und die eine bestmögliche Lebensqualität bis ans Lebensende zum Ziel hat. Zu Beginn einer Schmerztherapie stehen Überlegungen zur möglichen Schmerzursache und zur Diagnostik. Der Wunsch des Patienten und seiner Angehörigen, Begleitmorbiditäten, biopsychosoziale Zusammenhänge, das Krankheitsstadium und der Zustand des Betroffenen sind wichtige Entscheidungskriterien. Schliesst sich eine kausale Therapie der Beschwerden aus, ist die medikamentöse Schmerztherapie meist eine effiziente Methode die Schmerzsymptome zu lindern. Bei Tumorschmerzen gibt das bewährte WHO-Stufenschema gute Empfehlungen zur Auswahl der Medikamentengruppen. Die Rolle der Co-Analgetika und der adjuvanten Therapiemassnahmen hat dabei an Bedeutung in den letzten Jahren stark zugenommen. Bei der medikamentösen Therapie wird nach dem Basis-Bolus-Prinzip verordnet. Es ist darauf zu achten, dass die langwirksamen Medikamente (Basis) nach einem festen Zeitschema eingenommen werden und die Menge der Bedarfsmedikation (Bolus) angepasst ist. Am Lebensende, mit eingeschränkter Leber- und Nierenfunktion, sowie evtl. Unmöglichkeit der oralen Medikamentenzufuhr, ist durch eine angepasste Dosisreduktion oder einem angepassten Applikationsweg, Rechnung zu tragen. Neben der medikamentösen Schmerztherapie stehen eine Reihe nicht medikamentöser Verfahren zur Verfügung. Von einfachen physikalischen Massnahmen gehen die Möglichkeiten über die Psychoonkologie, der integrativen Medizin (u. a.) bis hin zur Implantation von intrathekalen Medikamentenpumpensystemen. Der Einsatz dieser Methoden erfordert eine individuelle, situationsbezogene Einschätzung und ist immer im Rahmen eines Behandlungskonzeptes zu sehen. Bewährt haben sich abgestimmte multimodale Behandlungskonzepte mit dem Ziel der Verbesserung der Lebenssituation für den Betroffenen.
Update somatoforme Schmerzstörungen
Authors: Egloff Niklaus , Dung Christian , Ott Rebecca
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung. Somatoforme Schmerzstörungen bilden eine Kategorie von Schmerzerkrankungen, bei welchen der Schmerz vorab in einer Veränderung der Schmerzperzeption und zentralnervösen Schmerzverarbeitung begründet ist. Somatoforme Schmerzerkrankungen sind keine Ausschlussdiagnosen, sondern sie zeichnen sich durch charakteristische Eigenschaftsmuster aus. Nicht selten liegen somatoforme Schmerzstörungen auch in Kombination mit nozizeptiv-läsionalem Schmerz vor. Gezielt muss hierbei hinsichtlich klinischer Hinweise für somatoforme Schmerzanteile exploriert werden.
Endovascular treatment of penetrating arterial trauma with stent grafts
Authors: Biagioni Rodrigo Bruno , Burihan Marcelo Calil , Nasser Felipe , Biagioni Luisa Ciucci , Ingrund José Carlos
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Background: The endovascular management of arterial injuries has resulted in reduced operating time, blood loss, hospital mortality, lower incidence of sepsis, and decrease in mortality rates. For penetrating trauma, however, the benefits of endovascular therapy are questionable. Patients and methods: Data were obtained by retrospective analysis of electronic medical records. All patients with vascular trauma seeking care at our institution from January 2010 to December 2015 were reviewed. A total of 223 vascular trauma patients were enrolled. Of these, 18 patients (8 %) were treated with endovascular techniques. The data related to clinical presentation, patient characteristics, technical aspects of the treatment, and follow-up were analysed. Results: The mean patient age was 35.4 ± 17.8 years, 94 % were male. The mean injury severity score was 10.4 ± 2.5. The most commonly observed trauma mechanism was a gunshot in 10 cases (55 %), followed by lesions provoked by arterial catheter misplacement in five cases (27 %), and stab wounds in three cases (16.6 %). The main injury site was the subclavian artery, accounting for eight cases (44 %), followed by the superficial femoral artery and the tibiofibular trunk in two cases, respectively (18 %). The anterior tibial, fibular artery, axillary, common carotid, superior mesenteric, and profunda femoris were each affected once. Arteriovenous fistula was detected in nine cases (50 %), pseudoaneurysms in nine cases (50 %), and short occlusion in two cases (11 %). The mean follow-up duration was 753 days. The primary patency rate was 92.3 and 61.5 % after one and two years, respectively. The survival rate was 94.4 % after one and two years. Infection of the stents or limb amputations were not identified at follow-up. Conclusions: The endovascular treatment of penetrating arterial injuries with covered stents is feasible. However, the criteria used to choose the best method must be individualized.

Keywords: Trauma, endovascular, stent graft, gunshot, stab wound
Psychopathology and Borderline Personality Pathology Associated with Lifetime Self-Injurious Behavior in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients and Detainees
Authors: Koenig Julian , Brunner Romuald , Schmidt Johannes Michael , Parzer Peter , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Objective: Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is a widespread phenomenon among adolescent psychiatric inpatients. It is also reported among delinquent adolescents detained in correctional facilities. While previous studies have addressed different functions of SIB within offender populations, here we investigate particular patterns of borderline personality pathology and psychopathology underlying SIB in both adolescent psychiatric inpatients and detainees. Method: Adolescent psychiatric inpatients and detainees were recruited consecutively. Participants completed self-reports on SIB, suicidal thoughts and behavior, borderline personality pathology, and general psychopathology. Predictors of lifetime SIB by group were analyzed. Results: Psychiatric inpatients (n = 77) and detainees (n = 50) did not differ with respect to lifetime SIB (57.14 % versus 54.00 %), whereas SIB within the past year did (67.53 % versus 14 %; χ2(1) = 6.158, p = .013). Psychiatric inpatients reported greater emotional problems (t(125) = 5.109, p < .0001) and greater borderline personality pathology. Those with lifetime SIB were characterized by greater emotional problems and borderline personality pathology, independent of their group. Results from regression analyses suggest no group-specific predictors of lifetime SIB. Conclusions: Although psychiatric inpatients endorse greater psychopathological distress, lifetime SIB among adolescent psychiatric inpatients and detainees is associated with similar patterns of psychopathology and borderline personality pathology.
Akt1 and Akt3 but not Akt2 through interaction with DNA-PKcs stimulate proliferation and post-irradiation cell survival of K-RAS-mutated cancer cells
Authors: Toulany Mahmoud , Maier Julia , Iida Mari , Rebholz Simone , Holler Marina , Grottke Astrid , Jüker Manfred , Wheeler Deric L , Rothbauer Ulrich , Rodemann H Peter
Published: October 2017

Akt1 through the C-terminal domain interacts with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and stimulates the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in K-RAS-mutated (K-RASmut) cells. We investigated the interactions of distinct domain(s) of DNA-PKcs in binding to full-length Akt1. Similarly, we analyzed potential interactions of DNA-PKcs with Akt2 and Akt3. Finally the effect of Akt isoforms in cell proliferation and tumor growth was tested. We demonstrated that Akt1 preferentially binds to the N-terminal domain of DNA-PKcs using pull-down studies with distinct eGFP-tagged DNA-PKcs fragments that were expressed by plasmids in combination with mCherry-tagged full-length Akt isoforms. These binding studies also indicated an interaction with the intermediate and C-terminal domains of DNA-PKcs. In contrast, Akt3 interacted with all four DNA-PKcs fragments without a marked preference for any specific domain. Notably, we could not see binding of Akt2 to any of the tested DNA-PKcs fragments. In subsequent studies, we demonstrated that Akt inhibition interferes with binding of Akt1 to the N-terminal domain of DNA-PKcs. This indicated a correlation between Akt1 activity and the Akt1/DNA-PKcs complex formation. Finally, knockdown studies revealed that the depletion of endogenous Akt1 and Akt3, but not Akt2, inhibit clonogenic activity and repair of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced DNA DSBs, leading to radiosensitization. Furthermore, in a xenograft study the expression of shAkt1 or shAkt3, but not shAkt2 in K-RASmut breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 showed major tumor growth delay. Together, these data indicate that Akt1 and Akt3, but not Akt2, physically interact with DNA-PKcs, thus stimulating the repair of DSBs and therefore protecting K-RASmut cells against IR. Likewise, interaction of Akt isoforms with DNA-PKcs could be crucial for their role in regulating tumor growth.
Ultra-low and ultra-broad-band nonlinear acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Fang Xin , Wen Jihong , Bonello Bernard , Yin Jianfei , Yu Dianlong
Published: October 2017

Linear acoustic metamaterials (LAMs) are widely used to manipulate sound; however, it is challenging to obtain bandgaps with a generalized width (ratio of the bandgap width to its start frequency) >1 through linear mechanisms. Here we adopt both theoretical and experimental approaches to describe the nonlinear chaotic mechanism in both one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear acoustic metamaterials (NAMs). This mechanism enables NAMs to reduce wave transmissions by as much as 20–40 dB in an ultra-low and ultra-broad band that consists of bandgaps and chaotic bands. With subwavelength cells, the generalized width reaches 21 in a 1D NAM and it goes up to 39 in a 2D NAM, which overcomes the bandwidth limit for wave suppression in current LAMs. This work enables further progress in elucidating the dynamics of NAMs and opens new avenues in double-ultra acoustic manipulation.
Sensory coding accuracy and perceptual performance are improved during the desynchronized cortical state
Authors: Beaman Charles B. , Eagleman Sarah L. , Dragoi Valentin
Published: October 2017

Cortical activity changes continuously during the course of the day. At a global scale, population activity varies between the ‘synchronized’ state during sleep and ‘desynchronized’ state during waking. However, whether local fluctuations in population synchrony during wakefulness modulate the accuracy of sensory encoding and behavioral performance is poorly understood. Here, we show that populations of cells in monkey visual cortex exhibit rapid fluctuations in synchrony ranging from desynchronized responses, indicative of high alertness, to highly synchronized responses. These fluctuations are local and control the trial variability in population coding accuracy and behavioral performance in a discrimination task. When local population activity is desynchronized, the correlated variability between neurons is reduced, and network and behavioral performance are enhanced. These findings demonstrate that the structure of variability in local cortical populations is not noise but rather controls how sensory information is optimally integrated with ongoing processes to guide network coding and behavior.
High-intensity UV laser ChIP-seq for the study of protein-DNA interactions in living cells
Authors: Steube Arndt , Schenk Tino , Tretyakov Alexander , Saluz Hans Peter
Published: October 2017

Genome-wide mapping of transcription factor binding is generally performed by chemical protein–DNA crosslinking, followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation and deep sequencing (ChIP-seq). Here we present the ChIP-seq technique based on photochemical crosslinking of protein–DNA interactions by high-intensity ultraviolet (UV) laser irradiation in living mammalian cells (UV-ChIP-seq). UV laser irradiation induces an efficient and instant formation of covalent “zero-length” crosslinks exclusively between nucleic acids and proteins that are in immediate contact, thus resulting in a “snapshot” of direct protein–DNA interactions in their natural environment. Here we show that UV-ChIP-seq, applied for genome-wide profiling of the sequence-specific transcriptional repressor B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells, produces sensitive and precise protein–DNA binding profiles, highly enriched with canonical BCL6 DNA sequence motifs. Using this technique, we also found numerous previously undetectable direct BCL6 binding sites, particularly in condensed, inaccessible areas of chromatin.