bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Nano-Silica on Mechanical Properties and Cytotoxicity of Calcium-Silicate-Based Root Canal Filling Materials
Authors: He Hao , Hao Bolang , Xiong Xiang , Cheng Yi , Lou Jia , He Zheyu , Li Dongyang , Wang Zhihuan , Qin Jian
Published: January 2025

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nano-silica (NS) content on the strength and cytotoxicity of calcium-silicate-based root canal filling materials. In this experimental laboratory study, four types of calcium-silicate-based paste with different NS ratios were prepared and hydrated for seven or 28 days. The setting times, compressive strengths, and porosities were tested to determine the properties of the pastes. The residual NS and the calcium hydroxide (CH; Ca (OH)2) content were investigated to analyze the hydration products. The experiments demonstrated that NS facilitates the hydration of calcium-silicate-based materials, enhances the formation of hydration products, and ensures effective porosity filling. Consequently, these findings suggest that NS contributes to the enhancement of the early compressive strength of calcium silicate root canal filling pastes. The addition of 9% NS enhanced the early compressive strength by 41.99% compared with the NS-free samples. Additionally, it was found that the test group without NS, as well as the test groups with 3% and 9% NS, exhibited mild cytotoxicity, while the test group with 15% NS exhibited moderate cytotoxicity. The observed cytotoxicity can be attributed to the increase in the ambient pH due to the production of CH during hydration. The findings of this study demonstrate that the early compressive strength of calcium-silicate-based root canal filling materials exhibits a substantial increase in response to the incorporation of NS, and that calcium-silicate-based root canal filling materials do not manifest significant levels of toxicity. NS improved hydration product formation and made efficient pore filling possible.
Initial Treatment Modalities in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Primary Lung Cancer in Japan
Authors: Hu Qingqing , Huang Kuan-Chih , Nakajo Ko , Zhang Yongjing , Qiu Hong
Published: January 2025

Treatment for lung cancer continues to rapidly evolve. Here, we describe trends in the initial treatment of adults with newly diagnosed primary non-small-cell lung cancer in Japan. This retrospective cohort study used data from JMDC Inc. Claims Database from 2015 to 2023. Adults with lung cancer, confirmed using a combination of diagnosis, treatment, or procedure codes, were enrolled. A total of 9373 patients were included, with a mean age of approximately 59 years. The median time from diagnosis to treatment initiation ranged from 38 days in patients treated surgically to 25 days in patients with distant metastases. The observed trends were a decrease in the percentage of newly diagnosed patients with distant metastases, a decline in chemotherapy use in patients with early-stage disease, and in advanced disease, a more than doubling in the use of targeted therapy, including checkpoint inhibitors, while radiotherapy and chemotherapy tended to decrease. The observed changes in treatment were driven mainly by the increased use of targeted therapies including checkpoint inhibitors and are aligned with current treatment guidelines in Japan. The observation of fewer patients with distant metastases over time possibly indicates earlier detection. Additional research is needed to understand if new therapies are being extended to older and frail patients with lung cancer in Japan.
RTAPM: A Robust Top-View Absolute Positioning Method with Visual–Inertial Assisted Joint Optimization
Authors: Tong Pengfei , Yang Xuerong , Peng Xuanzhi , Wang Longfei
Published: January 2025

In challenging environments such as disaster aid or forest rescue, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been hampered by inconsistent or even denied global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signals, resulting in UAVs becoming incapable of operating normally. Currently, there is no unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) positioning method that is capable of substituting or temporarily replacing GNSS positioning. This study proposes a reliable UAV top-down absolute positioning method (RTAPM) based on a monocular RGB camera that employs joint optimization and visual–inertial assistance. The proposed method employs a bird’s-eye view monocular RGB camera to estimate the UAV’s moving position. By comparing real-time aerial images with pre-existing satellite images of the flight area, utilizing components such as template geo-registration, UAV motion constraints, point–line image matching, and joint state estimation, a method is provided to substitute satellites and obtain short-term absolute positioning information of UAVs in challenging and dynamic environments. Based on two open-source datasets and real-time flight experimental tests, the method proposed in this study has significant advantages in positioning accuracy and system robustness over existing typical UAV absolute positioning methods, and it can temporarily replace GNSS for application in challenging environments such as disaster aid or forest rescue.
Confidence-Feature Fusion: A Novel Method for Fog Density Estimation in Object Detection Systems
Authors: Li Zhiyi , Zhang Songtao , Fu Zihan , Meng Fanlei , Zhang Lijuan
Published: January 2025

Foggy weather poses significant challenges to outdoor computer vision tasks, such as object detection, by degrading image quality and reducing algorithm reliability. In this paper, we present a novel model for estimating fog density in outdoor scenes, aiming to enhance object detection performance under varying foggy conditions. Using a support vector machine (SVM) classification framework, the proposed model categorizes unknown images into distinct fog density levels based on both global and local fog-relevant features. Key features such as entropy, contrast, and dark channel information are extracted to quantify the effects of fog on image clarity and object visibility. Moreover, we introduce an innovative region selection method tailored to images without detectable objects, ensuring robust feature extraction. Evaluation on synthetic datasets with varying fog densities demonstrates a classification accuracy of 85.8%, surpassing existing methods in terms of correlation coefficients and robustness. Beyond accurate fog density estimation, this approach provides valuable insights into the impact of fog on object detection, contributing to safer navigation in foggy environments.
SC-TKGR: Temporal Knowledge Graph-Based GNN for Recommendations in Supply Chains
Authors: Wang Mingjie , Huo Yifan , Zheng Junhong , He Lili
Published: January 2025

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in recommendation systems to improve prediction performance, especially in scenarios with diverse behaviors and complex user interactions within supply chains. However, while existing models have achieved certain success in capturing the temporal and dynamic aspects of supply chain behaviors, challenges remain in effectively addressing the time-sensitive fluctuations of market demands and user preferences. Motivated by these challenges, we propose SC-TKGR, a supply chain recommendation framework based on temporal knowledge graphs. It employs enhanced time-sensitive graph embedding methods to model behavioral temporal characteristics, incorporates external factors to capture market dynamics, and utilizes contrastive learning to handle sparse information efficiently. Additionally, static feature knowledge graph embeddings are incorporated to complement temporal modeling by capturing complex retailer–product relationships. Experiments on real-world electrical equipment industry datasets demonstrate that SC-TKGR achieves superior performance in NDCG and Recall metrics, offering a robust approach for capturing trend-level demand shifts and market dynamics in supply chain recommendations, thereby aiding strategic planning at a monthly scale and operational adjustments.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Trametes hirsuta CS5 Laccases and Its Potential in Decolorizing Textile Dyes as Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Gutiérrez-Soto Guadalupe , Hernández-Luna Carlos Eduardo , López-Sandin Iosvany , Parra-Saldívar Roberto , Elizondo-Luevano Joel Horacio
Published: January 2025

This study explores the purification, characterization, and application of laccases from Trametes hirsuta CS5 for degrading synthetic dyes as models of emerging contaminants. Purification involved ion exchange chromatography, molecular exclusion, and chromatofocusing, identifying th ree laccase isoforms: ThIa, ThIb, and ThII. Characterization included determining pH and temperature stability, kinetic parameters (Km, Kcat), and inhibition constants (Ki) for inhibitors like NaN3, SDS, TGA, EDTA, and DMSO, using 2,6-DMP and guaiacol as substrates. ThII exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency, with the lowest Km and highest Kcat. Optimal activity was observed at pH 3.5 and 55 °C. Decolorization tests with nine dyes showed that ThII and ThIa were particularly effective against Acid Red 44, Orange II, Indigo Blue, Brilliant Blue R, and Remazol Brilliant Blue R. ThIb displayed higher activity towards Crystal Violet and Acid Green 27. Among substrates, guaiacol showed the highest Kcat, while 2,6-DMP was preferred overall. Inhibitor studies revealed NaN3 as the most potent inhibitor. These results demonstrate the significant potential of T. hirsuta CS5 laccases, especially ThIa and ThII, as biocatalysts for degrading synthetic dyes and other xenobiotics. Their efficiency and stability under acidic and moderate temperature conditions position them as promising tools for sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.
Meta-Omics Analyses of Conventional and Regenerative Fermented Vegetables: Is There an Impact on Health-Boosting Potential?
Authors: Guse Kylene , Mao Qingqing , Chen Chi , Gomez Andres
Published: January 2025

Fermented vegetables contain probiotic microbes and metabolites, which are transformed from fresh vegetables, potentially providing health benefits. The kind of vegetable used to ferment and how it is grown may determine the types of health-promoting properties. To understand the possible benefits of fermented vegetables under different growing conditions, we compared the microbiomes and metabolomes of three different types of naturally fermented vegetables—carrots, peppers, and radishes—that were grown either under conventional or regenerative growing systems. We profiled bacterial and fungal communities via 16S rRNA short-read (V4 region), long-read, and ITS2 sequencing, in tandem with untargeted metabolomics (LC-MS). The results showed that the microbiomes and metabolomes of the fermented vegetables under each growing system are unique, highlighting distinctions in amino acid content and potentially probiotic microbes (p < 0.05). All fermented vegetables contained high amounts of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a critical neurotransmitter. However, GABA was found to be in higher abundance in the regenerative fermented vegetables, particularly in carrots (p < 0.01) and peppers (p < 0.05), and was associated with higher abundances of the typically probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. Our findings indicate that the growing system may impact the microbiome and metabolome of plant-based ferments, encouraging more research on the health-boosting potential of regeneratively grown vegetables.
Ventinel: Automated Detection of Android Vishing Apps Using Optical Character Recognition
Authors: Kim Daegyeom , O Sehwan , Ban Younghoon , Park Jungsoo , Joo Kyungho , Cho Haehyun
Published: January 2025

Vishing, a blend of “voice” and “phishing”, has evolved to include techniques like Call Redirection and Display Overlay Attacks, causing significant financial losses. Existing research has largely focused on user behavior and awareness, leaving gaps in addressing attacks originating from vishing applications. In this work, we present Ventinel, an Android-based defense system designed to detect these attacks without requiring OS modifications. Ventinel employs Optical Character Recognition (OCR) to compare phone numbers during calls, effectively preventing Call Redirection and Display Overlay Attacks. Additionally, it safeguards against Duplicated Contacts Attacks by cross-referencing call logs and SMS records. Ventinel achieves 100% detection accuracy, surpassing commercial applications, and operates with minimal data collection to ensure user privacy. We also describe malicious API behavior and demonstrate that the same behavior is possible for API levels 29 and higher. Furthermore, we analyze the limitations of existing solutions and propose new attack and defense strategies.
Heart Rate Monitoring During Behavioral Stress Tests in Bold and Shy Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Kasiouras Eleftherios , Riberolles Gautier , Gräns Albin , Ekström Andreas , Höjesjö Johan , Roques Jonathan A. C. , Sandblom Erik , Sneddon Lynne U.
Published: January 2025

Monitoring stress in captive fish is crucial for their welfare, but continuous physiological measures in unrestrained animals are challenging. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibit divergent personalities, ranging from bold to shy, which correlate with cortisol-mediated stress responses. To determine whether personality affects the sympathetic nervous system, heart rate was measured during three potentially stressful events as a proxy for sympathetic nervous system responses. Firstly, trout were classified as bold or shy, using a novel object test. Subsequently, trout were implanted with biologgers to record heart rate in vivo at rest during and after the behavioral tests. Following recovery, the fish underwent a second novel object test, a confinement test, a pair-wise contest, and a final novel object test to explore the degree of boldness over the experimental period, which remained consistent. Heart rate was relatively higher in both bold and shy animals during the confinement test and the pair-wise contest compared with the novel object test, which indicated that heart rate monitoring was a valid gauge of the valence of the experience. Heart rate responses did not differ between bold and shy trout, indicating that behavioral phenotype did not influence the autonomic stress response. Thus, heart rate is a reliable indicator of stress without the need to account for intra-specific behavioral variations.
Literature Review on Single and Twin-Screw Extruders Design for Polymerization Using CFD Simulation
Authors: Delvar Elham , Oliveira Inês , Brito Margarida S. C. A. , Silva Cláudia G. , Santamaria-Echart Arantzazu , Barreiro Maria-Filomena , Santos Ricardo J.
Published: January 2025

This work presents a comprehensive review of the evolution in modeling reactive extrusion (REx), tracing developments from early analytical models to advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Additionally, it highlights the key challenges and future directions in this field. Analytical models to describe the velocity profiles were proposed in the 1950s, involving certain geometrical simplifications. However, numerical models of melt polymeric flow in extruders have proven to be crucial for optimizing screw design and predicting process characteristics. The state-of-the-art CFD models for single and twin-screw extruders design address the impact of geometry (type of mixing elements and geometrical simplifications of CFD geometries), pressure and temperature gradients, and quantification of mixing. Despite the extensive work conducted, modeling reactive extrusion using CFD remains challenging due to the intricate interplay of mixing, heat transfer, chemical reactions, and non-Newtonian fluid behavior under high shear and temperature gradients. These challenges are further intensified by the presence of multiphase flows and the complexity of extruder geometries. Future advancements should enhance simulation accuracy, incorporate multiphase flow models, and utilize real-time sensor data for adaptive modeling approaches.
Optimization of the Cryoprotectants for Direct Vat Set Starters in Sichuan Paocai Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wu Lianqun , Yang Zhenying , Zhang Ying , Li Ling , Tan Chunli , Pan Lixia , Wu Yanping , Zhong Kai , Gao Hong
Published: January 2025

The quality of Sichuan paocai in natural fermentation is often inconsistent due to the complexity of its microbial community and environmental influences. To address this, dominant microbial strains were selectively inoculated to improve the product’s quality and safety. However, vacuum freeze-drying, commonly used to prepare direct vat set (DVS) starters, can significantly damage strains due to freezing stress. This study aimed to optimize a freeze-drying protection system for Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis to enhance their survival. Using response surface methodology, combinations of cryoprotectants were evaluated. A formulation comprising skim milk powder, glycerol, sucrose, and L-proline significantly improved strain viability after lyophilization, outperforming single cryoprotectants. Further investigation into storage conditions revealed that low temperatures (−20 °C) provided the best preservation for DVS starters. Furthermore, the optimized DVS starters demonstrated excellent fermentation performance in Sichuan paocai, enhancing its color, flavor, and sensory quality compared to natural fermentation. These findings offer a reliable freeze-drying protection strategy for survival and viability of L. plantarum and B. subtilis.
Associations of Sociodemographic Characteristics with Food Choice Motives’ Importance Among Mexican Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Salas-García Miguel Amaury , Bernal-Orozco María Fernanda , Díaz-López Andrés , Betancourt-Núñez Alejandra , Nava-Amante Pablo Alejandro , Vizmanos Barbara
Published: January 2025

Several studies have explored food choice motives (FCMs), but their association with sociodemographic characteristics remains under-researched. This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional associations between sociodemographic factors and FCMs in a sample of Mexican adults. Sociodemographic data and eight FCMs’ importance (health and natural content, mood, convenience, sensory appeal, price, food identity, image, and environmental concern) measured with a 75-item Updated Food Choice Questionnaire were studied in 786 participants (70% women, mean age: 24.7 years). The adjusted estimates from multivariable linear regressions are reported. Higher relative importance of convenience, price, and image management (all, p < 0.05) were associated with men. Older participants (≥41 years) showed greater concern for environmental and wildlife awareness (EWA) (p = 0.04). Higher education was associated with higher appreciation of health and natural content and EWA (both, p < 0.05), and less of sensory appeal and mood (both, p < 0.05). Individuals in a relationship placed less importance on sensory appeal compared to singles (p = 0.008). Middle–low socioeconomic status was linked to higher importance of food identity (p = 0.039), while food insecurity was associated with higher concern for price and food identity (both, p < 0.05). Our findings highlight the influence of sociodemographic factors on FCMs that might act as barriers or drivers for adopting healthy diets.
Phyllanthus emblica Prevents Adipogenesis by Regulating Histone Acetylation
Authors: Park Seon Kyeong , Lee Yu Geon , Lee Jae-In , Kim Min-Sun , Park Jae-Ho , Hwang Jin-Taek , Chung Min-Yu
Published: January 2025

Phyllanthus emblica is widely used in Ayurvedic preparations against multiple disorders and contains various bioactive components. This study aimed to determine the preventive effect of P. emblica on obesity by evaluating the inhibition of adipogenesis and the related regulatory epigenetic mechanisms during 3T3-L1 differentiation. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. emblica (EFPE) effectively inhibited lipid accumulation and triglyceride (TG) production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. It also inhibited histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity and regulated Pcaf-specific H3K9 acetylation and the expression of adipogenesis-related genes during adipocyte differentiation. Phenolic compounds were the main components of EFPE, of which gallic acid (GA) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation and TG production. Notably, GA effectively regulated adipogenesis-mediated gene expression through H3K9 acetylation. These findings, along with the experiment results, suggest that EFPE containing GA is a potent agent for preventing obesity by regulating H3K9 acetylation.
The Unbalanced Control Research of Fractional-Order Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel STATCOM
Authors: Xu Junhua , He Guopeng , Tang Songqin , Gong Zheng , Wang Chunwei , Lan Yue
Published: January 2025

Recent research on fractional-order cascaded H-bridge multilevel static compensator (FCHM-STATCOM) indicates that it has better performance than the traditional cascaded H-bridge multilevel static compensator (CHM-STATCOM). The existing FCHM-STATCOM control system lacks some special control links for dealing with unbalanced operative situations, which is demanded by power systems. This paper improves the existing FCHM-STATCOM control system to satisfy the demand for power systems, creating the potential for it to be applied in the electrical industry. The improvement of the FCHM-STATCOM control system is based on traditional CHM-STATCOM control systems, introducing special control loops for unbalanced operative situations. The improved FCHM-STATCOM control system constructed in this paper consists of an outer control loop that can apply special strategies for different control objectives, two inner control loops, respectively, for positive- and negative-sequence currents, and an inter-phase balancing control loop for balancing its arm operation. At the end of this paper, the results of digital simulations verify the FCHM-STATCOM complete control system’s capacity to regulate its negative-sequence currents and balance its arm operation to deal with unbalanced operative situations. Moreover, based on different strategies, the control system shows effectiveness in eliminating power oscillations and current balancing.
Characterization and Machine Learning-Driven Property Prediction of a Novel Hybrid Hydrogel Bioink Considering Extrusion-Based 3D Bioprinting
Authors: Sarah Rokeya , Schimmelpfennig Kory , Rohauer Riley , Lewis Christopher L. , Limon Shah M. , Habib Ahasan
Published: January 2025

The field of tissue engineering has made significant advancements with extrusion-based bioprinting, which uses shear forces to create intricate tissue structures. However, the success of this method heavily relies on the rheological properties of bioinks. Most bioinks use shear-thinning. While a few component-based efforts have been reported to predict the viscosity of bioinks, the impact of shear rate has been vastly ignored. To address this gap, our research presents predictive models using machine learning (ML) algorithms, including polynomial fit (PF), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF), to estimate bioink viscosity based on component weights and shear rate. We utilized novel bioinks composed of varying percentages of alginate (2–5.25%), gelatin (2–5.25%), and TEMPO-Nano fibrillated cellulose (0.5–1%) at shear rates from 0.1 to 100 s−1. Our study analyzed 169 rheological measurements using 80% training and 20% validation data. The results, based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and mean absolute error (MAE), showed that the RF algorithm-based model performed best: [(R2, MAE) RF = (0.99, 0.09), (R2, MAE) PF = (0.95, 0.28), (R2, MAE) DT = (0.98, 0.13)]. These predictive models serve as valuable tools for bioink formulation optimization, allowing researchers to determine effective viscosities without extensive experimental trials to accelerate tissue engineering.
Novel OTOG Variants and Clinical Features of Hearing Loss in a Large Japanese Cohort
Authors: Arai Yasuhiro , Nishio Shin-ya , Goto Shinichi , Kobayashi Yumiko , Honkura Yohei , Ganaha Akira , Ishikawa Kotaro , Oka Shin-ichiro , Futagawa Hiroshi , Okami Mayuri , Takada Fumio , Nagai Kyoko , Esaki Tomoko , Okano Takayuki , Ohta Yumi , Masuda Shin , Egusa Kentaro , Teraoka Masato , Sugahara Kazuma , Usami Shin-ichi
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: The OTOG gene is responsible for autosomal recessive non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss and is assigned as DFNB18B. To date, 44 causative OTOG variants have been reported to cause non-syndromic hearing loss. However, the detailed clinical features for OTOG-associated hearing loss remain unclear. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 7065 patients with non-syndromic hearing loss (mean age 26.4 ± 22.9 years, 2988 male, 3855 female, and 222 without gender information) using massively parallel DNA sequencing for 158 target deafness genes. We identified the patients with biallelic OTOG variants and summarized the clinical characteristics. Results: Among the 7065 patients, we identified 14 possibly disease-causing OTOG variants in 26 probands, with 13 of the 14 variants regarded as novel. Patients with OTOG-associated hearing loss mostly showed congenital or childhood-onset hearing loss. They were considered to show non-progressive, mild-to-moderate hearing loss. There were no symptoms that accompanied the hearing loss in OTOG-associated hearing loss patients. Conclusions: We confirmed non-progressive, mild-to-moderate hearing loss as the clinical characteristics of OTOG-associated hearing loss. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the clinical features of OTOG-associated HL and will be useful in clinical practice.
Comparing the PRISMA-7 and a Modified Version (PRISMA-6) for Frailty Screening: Addressing Sex Bias in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Ausserhofer Dietmar , Mahlknecht Angelika , Barbieri Verena , Engl Adolf , Piccoliori Giuliano , Wiedermann Christian J.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Frailty screening facilitates the identification of older adults at risk of adverse health outcomes. The Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy 7 (PRISMA-7) is a widely utilised frailty tool; however, concerns regarding its potential sex bias persist due to item 2, which assigns a frailty point for male sex. This study compared the PRISMA-7 with a modified version, the PRISMA-6 (excluding item 2), to assess their suitability for frailty screening in South Tyrol, Italy. Objectives included evaluating the impact of item 2 on frailty classification and exploring the feasibility of the PRISMA-6 as a more equitable alternative. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1695 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥75 years was conducted in South Tyrol. Frailty was assessed using both the PRISMA-7 and PRISMA-6. Sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle data were collected to examine associations with frailty classifications. Logistic regression was applied to identify predictors of frailty for each tool. Agreement between the PRISMA-7 and PRISMA-6 was assessed, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Frailty prevalence was 33.9% with the PRISMA-7 and 27.0% with the PRISMA-6. The PRISMA-7 classified men as frail more frequently than women (34.7% vs. 33.0%), while the PRISMA-6 reversed this trend (men, 21.4%; women, 33.0%). Excluding item 2 improved internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: PRISMA-7, 0.64; PRISMA-6, 0.75) and aligned frailty classifications with predictors such as age, health status, and physical activity. Logistic regression revealed significant sex differences with the PRISMA-7 but not with the PRISMA-6. Conclusions: The PRISMA-7 introduces sex bias by overestimating frailty in men, whereas the PRISMA-6 provides a more equitable and consistent alternative. The findings highlight the PRISMA-6’s potential as a reliable tool for unbiased frailty screening. Future research should validate the PRISMA-6 against established frailty tools to support its integration into primary care settings.
Mindfulness-Oriented Professional Resilience (MOPR) Training to Reduce Compassion Fatigue in Healthcare Workers: A Pilot Study
Authors: D’Antoni Fabio , Matiz Alessio , Crescentini Cristiano
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Compassion Fatigue (CF) is a critical issue among healthcare professionals, exacerbated by exposure to trauma and chronic workplace stress. This pilot study evaluates the effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Oriented Professional Resilience (MOPR) program, a structured intervention designed to mitigate CF and enhance resilience in healthcare professionals. The program integrates mindfulness practices, arousal modulation techniques, and resilience-building strategies over six weekly sessions. Methods: A sample of 73 healthcare workers (mean age 48.6, SD = 9.42) participated in the study, and pre–post data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in professional quality of life, with increased Compassion Satisfaction (p < 0.001) and reductions in Burnout (p = 0.003) and Secondary Traumatic Stress (p < 0.001). Mindfulness skills improved significantly across four dimensions—Observing, Describing, Acting with Awareness, and Non-reactivity—with p-values ranging from <0.01 to <0.001. Arousal modulation showed increased Optimal Arousal Zone scores (p < 0.001) and reduced maladaptive stress responses, including Fight/Flight, Freeze, and Feigned Death (p < 0.05). Psychological well-being improvements were observed, particularly in Self-Acceptance (p = 0.014) and Positive Relations (p = 0.041). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the MOPR program is a promising intervention for healthcare professionals, supporting resilience and reducing the psychological burden of caregiving. Future controlled studies should explore its long-term efficacy in diverse clinical settings and in larger samples.
Wellbeing and Retirement in Europe: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Authors: Teques Andreia P. , Carreiro Joana , Duarte Daniel , Teques Pedro
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Given the observed increase in life expectancy within Europe, it is anticipated that there will be a growing number of retirees and a lengthening of the retirement phase for individuals. This has brought attention to the examination of how the disengagement from professional endeavors influences overall wellbeing. The objective of this investigation was to conduct a comprehensive literature review spanning the period from 1998 to 2024, focusing on the intersection of retirement and wellbeing. Methods: This review (PROSPERO reference: CRD42024621454) was based on scientific articles available in PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science, resulting in the inclusion of 32 articles in the systematic review, of which 12 were eligible for meta-analysis. The quality of evidence was evaluated based on the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies checklist. Results: The meta-analysis results revealed that the observed effect size was d = 0.383, considered moderate. This value was statistically significant (Z = 3.197; p = 0.001) with a 95% CI [0.148, 0.617]. The publications were subjected to qualitative analysis, taking into account study type and thematic content. The discernible outcomes were categorized as follows: (1) expectations regarding retirement, (2) preparation for retirement, (3) family relations and grandparenting, (4) quality of life and satisfaction with retirement, and (5) health consequences of retirement. Conclusions: The prevalent approach predominantly comprised quantitative investigations, with a particular focus on exploring the nexus between retirement and health implications, particularly in the context of European participants. This emphasis on health consequences provides a deeper comprehension of this association.
Statistical Analysis and Forecasts of Performance Indicators in the Romanian Healthcare System
Authors: Drăgan Cristian Ovidiu , Mihai Laurențiu Stelian , Popescu Ana-Maria Camelia , Buligiu Ion , Mirescu Lucian , Militaru Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Globally, healthcare systems face challenges in optimizing performance, particularly in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study focuses on the analysis and forecasting of key performance indicators (KPIs) for the County Emergency Clinical Hospital in Craiova, Romania. The study evaluates indicators such as average length of stay (ALoS), bed occupancy rate (BOR), number of cases (NC), case mix index (CMI), and average cost per hospitalization (ACH), providing insight into their dynamics and future trends. Methods: We performed statistical analyses on quarterly data from 2010 to 2023, employing descriptive statistics and stationarity tests (e.g., Dickey–Fuller), using ARIMA models to forecast each KPI, ensuring model validation through tests for autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and stationarity. The model selection prioritized Akaike and Schwarz criteria for robustness. Results: The findings reveal that ALoS and BOR demonstrate seasonality and are influenced by colder months, and it is expected that the ALoS will stabilize to around five days by 2025. Moreover, we predict that the BOR will range between 46 and 52%, reflecting these seasonal variations. The NC forecasts indicate a post-pandemic recovery but to below pre-pandemic levels, and we project the CMI to stabilize at around 1.54, suggesting a return to consistent case complexity. The ACH showed significant growth, particularly in the fourth quarter, driven by inflation and seasonal costs, and it is projected to reach more than RON 3000 by 2025. Conclusions: This study highlights the utility of ARIMA models in forecasting healthcare KPIs, enabling proactive resource planning and decision-making. The findings underscore the impact of seasonality and economic factors on hospital operations, offering valuable insights for improving efficiency and adapting to post-pandemic challenges.
Spatial Analysis of Vulnerability and Social Capital in Relation to COVID-19 Mortality in the 50 States of the U.S. in the First Year of the Pandemic
Authors: Borges Carolina Marques , Conlan Matthew , Khateeb Areeb , Tomczynski Emma
Published: January 2025

The lack of social determinants of health has significantly influenced COVID-19 mortality; however, the few studies that have investigated the relationship among social capital, vulnerability, and COVID-19 mortality have either shown mixed directions of association or were not conducted at a larger scale on the state level. Our study aimed to fill this research gap. We aimed to test the association of comprehensive vulnerability and social capital measures and COVID-19 mortality in 50 states in the U.S. during the first year of the pandemic. We hypothesized that states with low social capital would register the highest mortality rates and high vulnerability would be proportional to a high number of deaths due to COVID-19 in the U.S. Methods: Our ecological analytic study used aggregate secondary data from nine open access databases. The outcome was COVID-19 mortality (January 2020 to July 2021). The main exposures were social capital and social vulnerability. We also tested 28 covariates and selected socioeconomic variables at the state level. Statistical analysis consisted of a multivariate technique factor analysis and a bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) analysis. Findings: Social capital (SCI) and social vulnerability (SVI) explained 57% of the COVID-19 mortality rate variation (R2 adjusted = 0.57). This analysis resulted in a statistically significant model (p ≤ 0.001), where SCI (β = 23.256, t = 2.649, p = 0.011) and SVI (β = 150.316, t = 4.235, p = 0.001) were predictors for COVID-19 mortality in the investigated period.
Implementation Outcomes and Recommendations of Two Physical Activity Interventions: Results from the Danish ACTIVE SCHOOL Feasibility Study
Authors: Sohl Jeppesen Lise , Sandfeld Jesper , Smedegaard Søren , Nielsen Glen , Mandelid Mathias Brekke , Norup Malene , Wienecke Jacob , Bugge Anna
Published: January 2025

Physical activity (PA) should be an essential part of all children’s lives, as it can promote physical and mental health, enhance general well-being, and positively impact learning outcomes. Schools offer an ideal setting to encourage physical activity during the school day, as nearly all children attend school. However, schools present a complex environment for implementing PA, and sedentary behavior is common in classroom teaching. This study explores the feasibility of two types of school-based physical activity interventions: one based on research in exercise and cognition (Run, Jump & Fun) and another grounded in embodied learning (Move & Learn). Run, Jump & Fun can be conceptualized as extra non-curricular physical activity implemented into the school day while Move & Learn is integrated into curricular time. The 8-week study involved third-grade students and their teachers from seven schools, with educational strategies applied to support adoption. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected before, during, and after the 8-week period. The results indicated that both interventions were feasible to implement, leading to a series of recommendations for further refinement. These recommendations can guide the development of future school-based PA interventions and inspire other researchers to assess and improve their implementation strategies.
Property Graph Framework for Geographical Routes in Sports Training
Authors: Rajšp Alen , Fister Iztok
Published: January 2025

Presenting real-world paths in property graphs is a complex challenge of identifying and representing the properties of routes and their environments. These property graphs serve as foundational datasets for generating smart sports training routes, where route features such as terrain, bends, and hills critically influence the route design. This paper outlines a method for identifying key parameters of real-world paths and encoding them into property graphs. The proposed method has significant implications for sports event planning, particularly in designing route-based training that meets specific athletic challenges. The research concludes by presenting a case study in which a property graph that enables cycling route generation was created for the country of Slovenia, and a sample training route was generated.
A Multi-Center, Prospective, Observational Study to Evaluate the Therapeutic Effectiveness and Safety of an Olmesartan/Amlodipine Plus Rosuvastatin Combination Treatment in Patients with Concomitant Hypertension and Dyslipidemia
Authors: Lee Bong-Ki , Kim Byeong-Keuk , Park Jae Hyoung , Chung Jong-Won , Park Chang Gyu , Kim Jin Won , Kim Young Dae , Park Woo-Jung , Kim Sang-Hyun , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Cheol Ho , Rha Seung-Woon , Hong Young Joon , Shin Mi-Seung , Cho Seong Wook , Sung Young-Hee , Lee Kiheon , Yu Jae-Myung , Ryu Dong-Ryeol , Yu Sungwook , Song Tae-Jin , Ku Bon D , Kim Sin-Gon , Park Hwan-Cheol , Cho Deok-Kyu , Kim Byung-Su , Han Seong-Woo , Park Sung-Ji , Park Gyung-Min , Han Kyoo-Rok
Published: January 2025

Introduction: This study assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of a single-pill combination (SPC) of olmesartan/amlodipine plus rosuvastatin for blood pressure (BP) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia. Methods: Adult patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia who were decided to be treated with the study drug were eligible. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients who achieved BP, LDL-C and both BP and LDL-C treatment goals at weeks 24–48. Secondary endpoints were assessed at weeks 24–48 and included changes in BP and LDL-C levels from baseline; the proportion of patients who achieved treatment goals who were initially classified as uncontrolled at baseline; changes and percent changes in lipid parameters; changes in both BP and LDL-C levels among patients who reached treatment goals who were followed for more than 24 weeks; and the overall safety profile. Results: A total of 5476 patients were enrolled, and 4411 patients comprised the effectiveness evaluation set. The proportions of patients who reached the treatment goals for BP, LDL-C levels, and both BP and LDL-C levels were 67.93% [95% confidence interval (CI) 66.52–69.32], 80.19% [95% CI 78.85–81.49], and 58.07% [95% CI 56.43–59.7], respectively. Secondary endpoints showed statistically significant changes. Overall, the treatment was well tolerated. Conclusions: The treatment of patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia with the olmesartan/amlodipine plus rosuvastatin SPC was associated with significant decreases in SBP/DBP and LDL-C levels, and a high proportion of patients achieved the BP and LDL-C treatment goals. The finding of this study is worthwhile in that this study evaluated the effectiveness and safety in a broad patient population representative of those seen in everyday clinical practice.
Spectrum, Time Course, Stages, and a Proposal for the Diagnosis of Histamine Intolerance in General Practice: A Nonrandomized, Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Tamasi József , Kalabay László
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Limited research has explored histamine intolerance from the perspective of primary caregivers. Our objective was to develop a practical symptom profile from the standpoint of general practice. We also aimed to gather data on the frequency and timing of disease progression and to establish a staging system. Methods: This study utilized a nonrandomized, quasi-experimental design. An in-depth interview was conducted with 217 patients involving 120 questions. To evaluate associations between food intake and symptoms, we recommended either an exclusion diet or a low-histamine diet. A follow-up questionnaire was subsequently administered. We also analyzed 3831 doctor–patient meetings involving upper respiratory symptoms. Results: Symptoms in 77 patients were associated with histamine-rich meals. The most characteristic symptoms included respiratory symptoms (95%), bloating (94%), headache (91%), fatigue (83%), postprandial drowsiness (81%), skin symptoms (81%), diarrhea/loose stool (77%), psychological symptoms (77%), dyspepsia (69%), and muscle/eyelid twitching (61%). Patients with suspected histamine intolerance visited primary care three times more often with upper respiratory symptoms than those without suspected histamine intolerance. The symptom spectrum of histamine intolerance involves multiple organ systems and occurs in distinct, repeating patterns. Symptoms can be described by their duration, sequence, and severity level, which is the key focus of this research, including visual representations. In its most severe stages, histamine intolerance may potentially involve mast cell activation. A personalized diet is associated with a gradual reduction in both the intensity and frequency of symptoms. Conclusions: The spectrum of histamine intolerance can be characterized by specific symptom patterns with defined frequencies, timelines, and symptom stages.
Transdiagnostic Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Autism and Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Beg Mirza , McMorris Carly A. , Smyth Kim , Buchhalter Jeffery , Dewey Deborah
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Our understanding of the transdiagnostic factors that influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with neurodivergent conditions is very sparse and highly siloed by diagnosis labels. Research on transdiagnostic predictors of HRQOL across neurodevelopmental conditions is needed to enable care models that address shared needs of neurodivergent individuals beyond diagnostic boundaries. Our objective was to identify transdiagnostic factors associated with HRQOL in children with autism, epilepsy, or comorbid autism/epilepsy. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 37 autistic and/or epileptic children (mean age = 9.2; SD = 3.9; boys = 28). Parents provided sociodemographic information and completed the following measures: Social Communication Questionnaire (measure of severity of autistic symptoms); Parenting Stress Index, Fourth Edition; Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory; and the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Third Edition. Child intellectual functioning was measured using age-appropriate scales: the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition: Canadian or the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition: Canadian. Results: Higher autistic symptom severity (OR = 0.851 95% CI: 0.732–0.988, p = 0.034) and parenting stress (OR = 0.687 95% CI: 0.493–0.959, p = 0.027) were associated with poorer HRQOL. Full Scale IQ and adaptive skills showed trend level associations with HRQOL. Sociodemographic factors including maternal education, child sex, and child age as well as child diagnosis were not associated with HRQOL. Conclusions: In this transdiagnostic sample of children, autism symptom severity and parenting stress were shared predictors of HRQOL. Interventions targeting child autistic symptoms and parents’ levels of stress could result in improved HRQOL in neurodivergent populations.
The Never Ending Story—What Are the Differentiable Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics Between Pyogenic and Mycobacterial Thoracolumbar Infections?
Authors: Waśko Marcin , Białecki Jerzy , Nowak Oleg , Kwiatkowska-Miernik Agnieszka , Bujko-Małkiewicz Agata , Walecki Jerzy
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to determine if MRI features can distinguish between spinal infections caused by pyogenic bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Patients underwent an MRI of the thoracolumbar spine with and without contrast. Three blinded observers assessed the images, using statistical tests for analysis. Results: Demographic characteristics and symptom duration were similar between patients with tuberculous and pyogenic spinal infections. In 36 cases of pyogenic infections, the MRI showed weakly delineated paravertebral tissue enhancement (76%), a hyperintense signal in the T2 TIRM sequences (89%), and homogeneous vertebral body enhancement (89%). In 32 cases of Mycobacterium infections, the MRI revealed well-delineated paravertebral changes, mixed vertebral body signals, and variable enhancement. Pyogenic infections were more often found in the lumbar spine (67%) and typically involved two vertebrae, while tuberculous infections preferred the thoracic spine (75%) and often involved two vertebrae, with 25% affecting three or more vertebrae. Conclusions: The MRI features can help differentiate between pyogenic and tuberculous spine infections, though none are definitive. The study suggests that MRI can be used for initial differentiation or as a diagnostic tool when biopsy or surgical exploration is not possible.