bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation mechanism of blemishes in a fiber-optic imaging element
Authors: Jiao Peng , Zhou Kaichao , Huang Yonggang , Zhao Ran , Zhang Yang , Wang Yun , Fu Yang , Wang Jiuwang , Zhou You , Du Yajie , Jia Jinsheng
Published: February 2022

A rigid fiber-optic imaging element with high fidelity, high resolution, and high contrast is applied in low-level-light night vision and particle detection devices. Any optical fiber in elements is an image transmission unit. However, the independence and integrity of image transmission are disturbed constantly, resulting in blemishes. This paper studies the formation mechanism of the blemishes of rigid fiber-optic imaging elements. The existence of defects with different sizes in or among the optical fibers, and fiber deformation decreasing light transmission ability are simulated theoretically. Then experiments are carried out to verify the simulation results. It is theoretically concluded that a blemish forms when the equivalent sphere radius (

R

E
S

) of a stone defect is greater than 1.2 µm in a normal fiber, and 1.1 µm in a taper fiber. The

R

E
S

of a bubble defect is greater than 1.3 µm in the fiber, which can form blemishes. Excessive deformation of fibers behaving as a clad layer with thickness less than 0.3 µm also results in the formation of blemishes. When fiber deformation and the existence of stone are considered, blemishes can occur as long as the size of the stone defect among the fibers is greater than 0.823 µm. The results provide data support and theoretical guidance in solving blemishes and other fixed pattern noises, and significantly improve the engineering and application level of fiber-optic imaging elements.
Analysis of graphene-based tunable THz four-band absorption
sensors
Authors: Huang Chengcheng , Zhang Yonggang , Liang Lanju , Yao Haiyun , Qiu Fu , Liu Wenjia
Published: February 2022

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, four-band tunable absorber sensor, based on a
graphene layer, is presented. The proposed sensor configuration is
composed of a single monolayer of graphene placed on top of a

S
i
O

2

dielectric substrate, whereas a gold
grounding plane is placed beneath the

S
i
O

2

. In addition, the resonant
frequencies of the sensor can be directly controlled by adjusting the
Fermi level of graphene, while the absorption rate reaches a value
greater than 99% at all resonant peaks. The acquired calculation
results of the refractive index sensitivity of our proposed sensor
show that the four resonant peaks possess superior sensing
characteristics. Additionally, by covering the measured objects with
different refractive indices, the acquired results indicate that the
sensing performance of the sensor exhibits good linearity. From our
analysis, it is concluded that the absorbing sensor exhibits a broad
range of potential applications in the biomedical field.
Antibody microarray analysis of amniotic fluid proteomes in women with cervical insufficiency and short cervix, and their association with pregnancy latency length
Authors: Hong Subeen , Park Kyo Hoon , Lee Young Eun , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Yu Mi , Joo Eunwook , Cho Iseop
Published: February 2022

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate amniotic fluid (AF) proteins that were differentially expressed between patients with cervical insufficiency (CI) and asymptomatic short cervix (SCX, ≤ 25 mm), and whether these proteins could be predictive of spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) in these patients.

Method

This was a retrospective cohort study of 129 singleton pregnant women with CI (n = 80) or SCX (n = 49) at 17 to 26 weeks who underwent amniocentesis. An antibody microarray was used to perform comparative proteomic profiling of AF from matched CI (n = 20) and SCX (n = 20) pregnancies. In the total cohort, an ELISA validation study was performed for 15 candidate proteins of interest. Subgroup analyses of patients with CI and SCX were conducted to evaluate the association between the 15 proteins and SPTB at < 32 weeks of gestation.

Results

Eighty-six proteins showed intergroup differences. ELISA validation confirmed significantly higher levels of AF EN-RAGE, IL-8, lipocalin-2, MMP-9, S100A8/A9, thrombospondin-2, and TNFR2 in patients with CI than in those with SCX. Multivariable analysis showed that increased AF levels of EN-RAGE, S100A8/A9, and uPA were independently associated with SPTB at < 32 weeks in patients with CI; whereas in patients with SCX, high AF levels of APRIL, EN-RAGE, LBP, and TNFR2 were independently associated with SPTB at < 32 weeks.

Conclusions

Multiple AF proteins show altered expression in patients with CI compared with SCX controls. Moreover, several novel mediators involved in inflammation were identified as potential biomarkers for predicting SPTB after the diagnosis of CI and SCX. These results provide new insights into target-specific molecules for targeted therapies to prevent SPTB in patients with CI/SCX.
Face-to-face vs. remote digital settings in job assessment interviews: A multilevel hyperscanning protocol for the investigation of interpersonal attunement
Authors: Balconi Michela , Fronda Giulia , Cassioli Federico , Crivelli Davide
Published: February 2022

The digitalization process for organizations, which was inevitably accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, raises relevant challenges for Human Resource Management (HRM) because every technological implementation has a certain impact on human beings. Between many organizational HRM practices, recruitment and assessment interviews represent a significant moment where a social interaction provides the context for evaluating candidates’ skills. It is therefore relevant to investigate how different interaction frames and relational conditions affect such task, with a specific focus on the differences between face-to-face (FTF) and remote computer-mediated (RCM) interaction settings. In particular, the possibility of qualifying and quantifying the mechanisms shaping the efficiency of interaction in the recruiter-candidate dyad—i.e. interpersonal attunement—is potentially insightful. We here present a neuroscientific protocol aimed at elucidating the impact of FTF vs. RCM modalities on social dynamics within assessment interviews. Specifically, the hyperscanning approach, understood as the concurrent recording and integrated analysis of behavioural-physiological responses of interacting agents, will be used to evaluate recruiter-candidate dyads while they are involved in either FTF or RCM conditions. Specifically, the protocol has been designed to collect self-report, oculometric, autonomic (electrodermal activity, heart rate, heart rate variability), and neurophysiological (electroencephalography) metrics from both inter-agents to explore the perceived quality of the interaction, automatic visual-attentional patterns of inter-agents, as well as their cognitive workload and emotional engagement. The proposed protocol will provide a theoretical evidence-based framework to assess possible differences between FTF vs. RMC settings in complex social interactions, with a specific focus on job interviews.
Airbnb y la turistificación de los barrios en las ciudades: un análisis de segmentación por barrios de alojamiento extrahotelero en Madrid
Authors: Cerdá-Mansilla Elena , Rubio Natalia , García-Henche Blanca , Campo Sara
Published: February 2022

La disrupción generada por la economía inteligente y por la economía colaborativa en el entorno exige la capacidad de reinventarse a los destinos turísticos y partes interesadas. Se detecta la necesidad de un nuevo modelo de destino turístico inteligente que integre las 3’s (Smart, Share y Sustainability). Mediante el estudio de caso de Madrid, se ilustra el impacto de los alojamientos turísticos de Airbnb en el territorio mediante determinados indicadores cuantitativos. Por medio de un análisis clúster se realizan diversas agrupaciones de los distritos, en función de distintos indicadores (nº de alojamientos, nº de alojamientos/   y precio medio de los alojamientos) que permiten medir el grado de impacto de los alojamientos turísticos de alquiler (Airbnb) en el territorio. Se complementa el análisis de los alquileres turísticos, agrupando los distritos en función del precio de los alquileres destinados a uso permanente (Fotocasa), a fin de tener una imagen más fidedigna de la vivienda en alquiler en la capital española. Por último, se sugieren distintas soluciones para la descongestión de determinados distritos, resaltando la posibilidad del uso de inteligencia artificial mediante algoritmos para una gestión eficaz de los destinos; así como se acentúa la importancia de guiar las actuaciones gubernamentales hacia la sostenibilidad del destino.
“¡Nunca volveré a este hotel!”: Investigando causas de la Value Co-Destruction (VCD) en comentarios de huéspedes y la perspectiva de directivos de hoteles
Authors: Farias Josivania Silva , Díez Vial Isabel
Published: February 2022

A partir de la noción de Formación Interactiva de Valor en la Service Dominant Logic, este estudio analiza las causas de la value co-destruction (VCD) entre clientes y hoteles, y también qué perciben los directivos sobre esas causas que llevan a sus huéspedes a una evaluación negativa de los servicios El estudio de casos, cualitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, se desarrolló en dos etapas. En la primera, se analizan 125 comentarios en la web de huéspedes de 5 hoteles. En la segunda etapa, se profundiza la discusión desde la perspectiva de los directivos. Los datos fueron analizados con análisis textual y de contenido. Los resultados demostraron que las causas de la VCD ratifican lo que se produjo en la fase actual de expansión de los estudios (2016 a 2020), en la cual se mantiene el enfoque de la VCD como la desalineación en el uso de recursos, pero, la visión ampliada que trajo los directores en el sector de hospitalidad, señala que se está caminando hacia una perspectiva Emocional-Cognitiva. El cliente de un hotel busca objetivamente recursos que están al alcance de la dirección del hotel, tales como: infraestructura, servicios y recursos que funcionen adecuadamente. Por su parte, los gerentes perciben desafíos relacionales y subjetivos. Empíricamente, se ratifica de modo cualitativo-exploratorio, las causas para la VCD a partir de la realidad española, invitando a que más investigaciones sobre causas, formas de ocurrencia, actitudes de las empresas frente a la VCD ingresen en la agenda de los estudios sobre marketing y hospitalidad.
La formación del capital de marca de un destino turístico a partir de la experiencia turística generada en medios sociales
Authors: Carrasco-García Patricia María , Frías Jamilena Dolores María , Polo Peña Ana Isabel
Published: February 2022

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TICs) como los medios sociales (MS), se posicionan como nuevas vías para la mejora del capital de marca de los destinos. Siguiendo los fundamentos del post-turismo, las TICs constituyen un medio en el que el turista puede acceder a experiencias turísticas previas a la visita del destino. Con este trabajo se pretende conocer si las experiencias turísticas generadas a través de MS son un medio válido para incrementar el capital de marca. Por ello, (a) se propone y se valida un modelo de capital de marca de un destino turístico a partir de experiencias turísticas generadas en MS; y (b) se analizan las relaciones entre las distintas dimensiones del capital de marca del destino turístico. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que las experiencias turísticas generadas mediante MS son capaces de incrementar el capital de marca de un destino turístico.
Nuevos tipos de alojamientos: apartamentos turísticos y determinantes de valoración en el precio de la estancia
Authors: Solano Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Núñez Tabales Julia M. , Caridad y López del Río Lorena
Published: February 2022

El reciente cambio de paradigma en el sector turístico debido al uso generalizado de las tecnologías de la comunicación ha traído consigo nuevos usos en vivienda. Asimismo, el interés de la población por nuevas formas de alojamiento derivadas de la denominada “economía colaborativa” ha generado la expansión de la fórmula de apartamentos turísticos. El objetivo de este estudio es conocer los determinantes de valoración del precio de la estancia diaria de esta modalidad de alojamiento mediante un modelo econométrico utilizando el método de precios hedónicos y empleando a Booking.com como principal fuente de datos. La ciudad seleccionada para el análisis ha sido Sevilla debido al notable auge de este tipo de alojamiento que ha experimentado en años recientes y por ser la urbe de mayor tamaño del sur de España. Variables referidas a la tipología del inmueble, su ubicación, su tamaño, sus amenidades, así como factores relacionados con la estacionalidad y los eventos especiales de la ciudad aparecen como relevantes en el modelo. El grado de ajuste obtenido en el mismo es alto, así como su poder predictivo, pudiendo ser útil para estimar el precio de la estancia por parte de empresarios, clientes, así como las distintas plataformas online en las que se comercializa esta modalidad de alojamiento, una vez conocidas un conjunto de características internas del inmueble, de su entorno y de estacionalidad.
Determinação da vulnerabilidade natural do Aquífero Bauru na Ba-cia Hidrográfica do Rio Itaquerê
Authors: Coraça Ana Luiza Seresuela , Helene Lívia Portes Innocenti
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho investigou a vulnerabilidade natural do aquífero Bauru na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itaquerê inserida nos municípios de Nova Europa, Gavião Peixoto, Matão e Tabatinga (SP). O sistema aquífero é proveniente do domínio sedimentar da formação Adamantina e possui porosidade granular. Na bacia, apresenta-se como aquífero livre com profundidade do nível d’água variando de 5,2 a 86m e zona não saturada composta predominantemente por Latossolos. Adotou-se o método GOD para avaliar a vulnerabilidade em combinação com o Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). O cálculo da vulnerabilidade foi realizado através da ponderação numérica dos parâmetros hidrogeológicos do aquífero: G (grau de confinamento do aquífero), O (estrato rochoso), D (profundidade do nível d’água), dados obtidos na interpretação dos perfis construtivos dos poços tubulares do banco de dados do DAEE e do CPRM/SIAGAS. Os resultados alcançados pelo método GOD permitiram identificar quatro classes de vulnerabilidade na bacia: baixa (0,1 a 0,2), média (0,3 a 0,4), média-alta (0,4 a 0,5 ) e alta (0,5 a 0,6). A classe média apresenta maior abrangência, cerca de 57,9% da área da bacia hidrográfica, sucedida pela média-alta (21,05%) e as classes alta e baixa apresentam mesmo percentual de 10,52%. Os mapas das classes de vulnerabilidade mostraram que as áreas mais vulneráveis a contaminação do aquífero Bauru são aquelas próximas a área de descarga, coincidentes às margens do rio Itaquerê e seus afluentes.
Sustainability as listening: soundscape versus sensoryscape
Authors: Palmese Cristina , Carles Jossé Luis
Published: February 2022

Resumen: La crisis ambiental y la emergencia sanitaria que estamos viviendo nos muestran la necesidad urgente de cambiar nuestros hábitos y al mismo tiempo la necesidad de nuevas investigaciones que tengan en cuenta la complejidad de las relaciones entre Ser Humano y Medio para mejor enfrentarnos a estos retos contemporáneos. Con este artículo planteamos el valor del sonido y de lo sensorial, considerando importante una revisión crítica y redefinición  de la relación entre ser humano y naturaleza.  Ponemos en evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar metodologías que tengan en cuenta lo sonoro, lo subjetivo, lo emocional, y la creación de  nuevas redes de conexión entre disciplinas, consolidando así  el pensamiento pluridisciplinar ya ampliamente aceptado en nuestra cultura. Tres proyectos desarrollan metodologías pluridisciplinares para la puesta en valor del ambiente sonoro, integrando  los aspectos  subjetivos en los estudios de estética del paisaje, teniendo además en perspectiva la sensibilización ciudadana al ambiente  sonoro, la  educación ambiental integral y el propiciar  acciones  participativas.
Contribuições da complexidade de Morin para o campo da Educação Ambiental
Authors: Saheb Daniele , Rodrigues Daniela Gureski , Massaê Kataoka Adriana , Mara Antonio Juliana
Published: February 2022

Este artigo deriva de outro trabalho, apresentado na reunião de 2015 da ANPEd, Associação Nacional de Pós-Graduação e Pesquisa em Educação, no qual foi abordada uma pesquisa de doutorado que analisou como os Sete Saberes, elaborados por Morin, estão presentes nas concepções e práticas docentes e na formação de professores. Os resultados revelaram que os Sete Saberes se constituem como uma importante contribuição epistemológica e metodológica para a Educação Ambiental. A partir desse evento, descrevemos os desdobramentos ocorridos, com destaque para a aproximação entre dois grupos de pesquisa que possuem, em comum, o foco na EA a partir da Complexidade. Desde então, os dois grupos, de instituições diferentes, tornaram-se parceiros e desenvolvem estudos e pesquisas envolvendo a Complexidade, a formação continuada de professores e a Educação Ambiental, contribuindo, de maneira contundente, com o campo da Educação Ambiental.
A Temática Ambiental e o Processo Educativo nas pesquisas do grupo Ágora:
Authors: Carvalho Maria Bernadete Sarti da Silva
Published: February 2022

O texto traz um relato da trajetória e apresenta o panorama da produção do grupo de pesquisa Ágora, em três décadas de participação no debate sobre significados e sentidos construídos sobre a relação entre o processo educativo e a temática ambiental. Foram produzidos estudos sobre práticas pedagógicas, concepções e representações de natureza e meio ambiente, bem como análises e proposições no subcampo das políticas públicas para a EA. O grupo tem desenvolvido projetos de pesquisa do tipo Estado da Arte, analisando a produção acadêmica em Educação Ambiental (EA). Os trabalhos têm enfatizado o significado do processo educativo como prática social, e a Educação Ambiental como prática de construção de sociedades democráticas. As análises da produção de pesquisa em EA denotam a centralidade da dimensão política nas práticas pedagógicas e nas práticas de produção de conhecimentos no campo.
Formação de valores pessoais pró-sociais no ambiente escolar
Authors: Lapa Luiz Gonzaga , Pato Claudia
Published: February 2022

Conflitos pessoais e socioambientais têm se revelado cada vez mais no ambiente escolar, resultando em ameaças à integridade dos envolvidos e danos ao patrimônio material e imaterial. Este estudo investigou os valores pessoais de estudantes de uma escola pública do DF, com vistas à formação de valores voltados ao bem comum. Inicialmente, um survey com todos os estudantes da escola (N = 980; 51,2% meninas; média de idade = 13 anos) mapeou os valores e identificou os principais conflitos existentes; em seguida, a turma com maior índice de valores individualistas e relatos de conflitos foi selecionada para as oficinas vivenciais centradas na formação de valores pró-sociais. Por fim, um survey combinado com rodas de conversa e entrevistas avaliaram as mudanças nos valores desses estudantes. Os resultados revelaram a manifestação de valores que transcendem os interesses egoísticos e um ambiente escolar mais solidário e colaborativo, evidenciando o potencial desse processo formativo para as transformações das relações interpessoais e socioambientais.
Tibial Nerve Stimulation for Fecal Incontinence: The Importance of Sham
Authors: Wald Arnold
Published: February 2022

Sacral neuromodulation has become an established treatment for fecal incontinence unresponsive to conservative measures. However, it requires surgical implantation and is expensive. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) has been suggested as a minimally invasive and less expensive alternative on the basis of uncontrolled studies. The study by Zyczynski et al. compared active PTNS with a sham control group of women with fecal incontinence. Similar to previous studies, active PTNS provided benefits to treated patients but were not different from the sham group. This study highlights the need for rigorously performed controlled studies of neuromodulation for anorectal disorders.
SUBALTERN DAN NASIONALISME DALAM NOVEL NYAI DASIMA (1960) KARYA S. M. ARDAN
Authors: HY Mcfulvia
Published: February 2022

This paper analyzes new meanings as the results of the reception written by S.M. Ardan in Nyai Dasima, which is known to have a central meaning, generally refers to the colonial efforts to liberate Nyai Dasima from colonialism. Recognized as a victim of colonial social structures, Nyai Dasima yearns for liberation by restoring her position, maintaining her identity and self-respect by rebelling against colonial oppression based on indigenous woman nationalism. The theory used in this paper is Gayatri Spivak's critical reading of the subaltern, which refers to “third world women” who are considered unable to speak or have a voice. This analytical method is the deconstruction method to find what Spivak calls “cognitive failure”. The analysis of this paper found that the rebellion and resistance carried out by Nyai Dasima represent an act of liberation from the shackles of colonialism which suppresses subaltern groups, especially women. However, it was found that the exemption offered to Nyai Dasima was parole which in no way refers to a sovereign and privileged subject.
A Study of Character
Authors: Casewell Deborah
Published: February 2022

In the later, ethically oriented writings of the philosopher Simone Weil, she develops her concept of attention. This involves using the body to train the mind and thus the soul, into an open, receptive state. This state is the first condition for any ethical action to take place. This article explores how Weil’s account of attention can provide a new perspective in philosophical and theological engagement with psychology, first in terms of moral psychology and virtue ethics, and second in statements on the malleability or plasticity of human nature. As Weil sees that human nature’s stress on activity tends to lead to suffering rather than ethical action, she proposes not ethical action per se, but an ethical attitude of attention instead. Habit-formation and character development can thus be approached differently as cultivating a state of openness rather than of particular virtues. This article will therefore explore the relationship of theology and psychology in terms of human nature as irremediably situated but also psychologically receptive for restoration.
An Action Research on the Use of Collaborative Teaching Techniques
Authors: ARI Sinan , CIFTCI Sabahattin
Published: February 2022

This research aims to develop the educational process and its applications by bridging theoretical knowledge and practice with action plans prepared and implemented based on collaborative teaching methods. In addition, this research aimed to emphasize that learning together based on solidarity by coming together in line with the knowledge and skills of students can be more effective. The research was conducted in action research design, one of the qualitative research designs. In this study conducted in the 2018-2019 school year with 4th grade students of a bus school in Sarıkaya district in Yozgat and their teachers, ten lessons were initially observed before implementation and an attempt was made to understand the current situation through semi-structured interviews and observations.Then, action plans were prepared and thirty-two hours of implementation was carried out. Descriptive analysis was used to analyse the data obtained within the scope of the study, and the data obtained before and after the application were interpreted by making comparisons. According to the findings obtained at the end of the study, it was found that the use of collaborative teaching techniques in social studies classes broke the competitive classroom climate, reduced some negative student behaviors, increased interest in the classroom, and contributed to the professional development of the classroom teacher.The research will shed light on future research by transferring the experiences gained through action research into the literature.
Factors Affecting Innovative Work Behaviors of Teachers from the Perspective of Organizational Intelligence
Authors: TURA Belgin , AKBASLI Sait
Published: February 2022

This study aims at revealing the individual and organizational factors that affect teachers’ innovative behaviors and examining and evaluating the results of organizational intelligence in these factors. The study group of the research included 20 teachers with different levels of education and different branches working in public schools affiliated with the Turkish Ministry of National Education (MoNE) in Ankara during the 2020-2021 school year. This study was designed in the basic qualitative research design, one of the qualitative research methods. The data collection tool was an open-ended questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques were used to analyze the obtained data. In addition, direct quotations were included in this study to enable participant teachers to reveal their opinions more clearly. In line with the participants' opinions, it was determined that organizational intelligence produced results stimulating and strengthening individual and organizational factors that were effective in teachers’ innovative practices. Therefore, it can be concluded that organizational intelligence with all its dimensions positively affects teachers’ innovative work behaviors.
Case Study Experiences on Active Learning Methods in Germany
Authors: Tudevdagva Uranchimeg , Heller Ariane , Hardt Wolfram
Published: February 2022

This article describes the implementation of active learning methods in engineering courses. The implementation was part of the activities of the international Erasmus project DriveMATH, which ran between 2017 and 2020. The active learning methods eduScrum, JigSaw, problem based learning, practical and team-based learning were used for courses for the master’s degree at Chemnitz University of Technology. Research seminar computer science, research internship and internship automotive software engineering were selected as courses for implementation. The students were invited to participate in the implementation on a voluntary basis. At the end of the implementation, the project team asked the students for feedback in the form of an evaluation survey. Criteria for the evaluation were developed in the team of the partner universities of the project. The data obtained were evaluated with the help of the structure-oriented evaluation model (SURE model).
“If it stops, then I’ll start worrying.” Humor as part of the fire service culture, specifically as part of coping with critical incidents
Authors: Dangermond Karin , Weewer Ricardo , Duyndam Joachim , Machielse Anja
Published: February 2022

Firefighters are reluctant to talk about firefighters’ humor with outsiders. This closed attitude has led to a lack of understanding of this important coping strategy in the outside world. It is not clear how firefighters experience humor and its role as part of the fire service culture and why they consider humor to be important when coping with critical incidents. Data has been collected by means of 20 participant observations and 72 interviews with Dutch firefighters from 37 different fire stations. Joking culture and joviality are important elements of the Dutch fire service culture. Firefighter humor usually creates unity, but can also lead to exclusion. Whether a joke is perceived as funny depends on who makes the joke, the moment, the content, and the frequency of the joke. Black humor is used as a means to start a conversation and, indirectly, to make it possible to discuss emotions and it tends to positively influence group dynamics. However, black humor is absent in the case of certain critical incidents because of personal boundaries and unwritten rules. The absence of humor is a sign for the crew commander to pay extra attention to coping.
Producing super-hydrophobic surfaces with nano-silica spheres
Authors: Klein Rob J. , Maarten Biesheuvel P. , Yu Ben C. , Meinhart Carl D. , Lange Fred F.
Published: February 2022

Polycrystalline alumina substrates were dip-coated in dilute suspensions formed with dispersed, nano-silica particles. The fractional surface coverage of the alumina substrate was varied between ≈ 0.05 to ≈ 0.4 by changing concentration of particles in the silica slurry. After a heat treatment to partially sinter the particles to the surface, the surface was made hydrophobic by a reaction with a solution containing fluorosilane molecules. Wetting measurements showed that the contact angle between the surface and water droplets increased with decreasing area coverage of nano-silica spheres, consistent with a previous theory, modified here to include the pressure of the water droplet. The modification of the theory predicts that the super-hydrophobic effect disappears when the particles become too widely spaced, causing the pressure of the water droplet to spontaneously wet the substrate.
A re-examination of the liquidus surface of the Al–Fe–Ti system
Authors: Ducher R. , Stein F. , Viguier B. , Palm M. , Lacaze J.
Published: February 2022

The liquidus surface of the Al –Fe –Ti system has been reexamined. 34 different alloys have been studied by differential thermal analysis, and the temperatures of invariant reactions have been determined. By examining the as-cast samples by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectrometry in a scanning electron microscope, the crystal structures and chemical compositions of the primary phases and two-phase aggregates have been established. In some cases, additional investigations were carried out in the transmission electron microscope. From the combined results of these investigations the solidification paths of the alloys were established leading to a revised representation of the liquidus surface of the Al –Fe –Ti system. A reaction scheme has been set up which shows phase equilibria that are consistent with previous solid-state isothermal sections.
Diffusion in polymer-derived Si–(B–)C–N ceramics, particularly amorphous Si29B9C41N21
Authors: Voss Thilo , Strohm Andreas , Frank Werner
Published: February 2022

The diffusion coefficients (D) of implanted radioisotopes –71Ge,31Si, and11C – in the polymer-derived amorphous (a-)Si29B9C41N21ceramic have been measured as functions of temperature (T) in different as-pyrolysed states (71Ge) or after pre-diffusion annealing at 1600 °C for 2 h (71Ge,31Si, and11C) by means of radiotracer techniques, in which serial sectioning was done by ion-beam sputtering. In the cases of31Si (half-lifet1/2= 2.6 h) and11C (t1/2= 20.4 min), implantation, diffusion annealing, and sputter-sectioning were done on beamline andin situof a novel set-up specially constructed for diffusion studies of short-lived radiotracer atoms. In all cases, theT-dependencies ofDare of Arrhenius type. Comparing the Arrhenius parameters ofD(71Ge) to previous data on diffusion in (B-free) a-Si28C36N36, it is concluded that the diffusion of71Ge in the a-Si29B9C41N21ceramic is controlled by vacancies in its a-Si3N4 –yCyphase which become increasingly smeared out when the C-contentydecreases as a result of pre-annealing. The coincidence ofD(31Si) andD(11C) in pre-annealed a-Si29B9C41N21at all temperatures investigated is enforced by vacancy-mediated diffusion through SiC crystallites embedded in the a-Si3N4 –yCyphase.
Discontinuous precipitation of a liquid in Cu-base alloys – nucleation and growth mechanisms
Authors: Gupta Shant P. , Goutam Satish K. , Suresh Babu P.
Published: February 2022

The morphology of discontinuous precipitation of a liquid has been studied in Cu-9.5 at.% In and Cu-7.5 at.% Sn alloys. The transformation of a supersaturated solid solution (αo) was carried out in the two-phase (α + liquid) field. A lamellar structure, consisting of alternate solute-depleted (α) and liquid phases, has been observed to grow from grain boundaries of the supersaturated αo. The nucleation of the liquid droplets occurred at grain boundaries as two hemispherical caps abutted at the original grain boundary positions. A thin liquid film replaced the grain boundary and started migrating as the transformation progressed.

The lamellae multiplication occurred by nucleation of new lamellae at the migrating front. The lamellae multiplication also occurred by nucleation of new lamellae at mid-lines between the liquid lamellae where the interlamellar spacing was large. A cylindrical loop of liquid formed behind a migrating liquid film, resulting into double-seam morphology and an irregular lamellar structure on one side of the original grain boundary. The liquid film also migrated in the shape of sine wave when the liquid film between neighbouring droplets migrated in opposite directions near the original grain boundary. This has resulted in double-seam morphology with a regular lamellar structure.
Auswirkung von Ausscheidungen auf das bestrahlungsinduzierte Schwellverhalten und die Hochtemperaturversprödung in dem austenitischen Stahl X10 CrNiMoTiB 15 15
Authors: Ehrlich K.
Published: February 2022

Den durch thermo-mechanische Vorbehandlung erzeugten Titankarbidauscheidungen vom Typ TiC sowie anderen Phasen wird in dem austenitischen Stahl X10 CrNiMoTiB 1515 mit der Werkstoffnummer 1.4970 eine positive Rolle bei der Reduzierung der bestrahlungsinduzierten Porenbildung und He-Versprödung zugesprochen. Die Untersuchungen zeigen jedoch, dass Titankarbide unter Bestrahlung in diesem Werkstoff nur oberhalb etwa 520 °C stabil bleiben, dort zur Rückhaltung von Helium in der Matrix beitragen und damit zu einer Minderung der Hochtemperaturversprödung durch Helium führen können. Unterhalb dieser Temperaturgrenze wird die Auflösung von Titankarbiden und die Bildung neuartiger, unter Bestrahlung stabiler Phasen, wie Ni3Si und NiSi, beobachtet. Sie haben einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Porenbildung und das Schwellverhalten unter Bestrahlung.
Structural evolution during the cycling of NiTi shape memory alloys
Authors: Hurley Jay , Ortega Alicia M. , Lechniak Jason , Gall Ken , Maier Hans J.
Published: February 2022

The structural evolution in NiTi shape memory alloys subjected to pseudoelastic cycling is examined in the present study. Single crystals with [100] and [111] orientations were subjected to repeated compressive cycles and then studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM observations were made at cycle numbers 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 since the majority of degradation occurs during these initial cycle numbers. Under compression, single crystals with [111] orientations degraded much faster than crystals with [100] orientations. Under tension, single crystals with [100] orientations fractured in the elastic region, and crystals with [111] orientations showed considerable degradation as a function of cycling. Intermittent TEM observations on single crystals oriented along the [111] direction showed an increase in dislocation density on multiple active slip systems as a function of cycling. Single crystals oriented along the [100] orientation show a less dramatic increase in dislocation density as a function of cycling. TEM observations have revealed that dislocation structures formed near martensite plates have a similar periodicity as internal twin modes within the martensite. This observation implies that, although the interface between the martensite and parent phase is a low-energy boundary, the local disruptions due to internal twins create preferential nucleation sites for the formation of lattice defects.
Phase transformations due to isochronal annealing of Mg – rare earth – Sc–Mn squeeze cast alloys
Authors: Smolaa Bohumil , Stulíková Ivana , Pelcová Jitka , von Buch Frank , Leslie Mordike Barry
Published: February 2022

Magnesium alloys containing rare earths (Gd, Y, Ce, ≈3– 10 wt.%), Sc (< 1 wt.%) and Mn (≈1 wt.%) were squeeze cast. Electrical resistivity and hardness responses to isochronal annealing were measured in the range 20 –580 °C and phase changes responsible were identified by transmission electron microscopy. In alloys containing Gd and Y simultaneous precipitation of three phases takes place, namely the metastable c-base-centred orthorhombic phase (Mg–Y, Mg–Gd) in the form of prismatic plates, the thermally stable hexagonal Mn2Sc phase in the form of fine basal discs and a metastable hexagonal coherent phase, containing Mn and Y or Gd, in the form of very thin basal plates (missing in the Mg alloy with 10 wt.% Gd). In the Ce-containing alloy the Mg12Ce tetragonal phase, present after casting in various forms, transforms into a rod-like form. Simultaneously, fine Mn2Sc discs precipitate on basal planes and the grain boundary eutectic transforms to the equilibrium phases.
Microstructure of die-cast alloys Mg–Zn–Al(–Ca): a study by electron microscopy and small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Vogel Michael , Kraft Oliver , Staron Peter , Clemens Helmut , Rauh Rainer , Arzt Eduard
Published: February 2022

The microstructure of a magnesium die-cast alloy with 8 wt.% Zn and 5 wt.% Al (ZA85) and of two alloy modifications with 0.3 and 0.9 wt.% Ca (ZACa8503 and ZACa8509) are compared. Optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the microstructure in as-cast and annealed conditions. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements were carried out to characterize the early stages of the precipitation process. The die-cast microstructure of ZA85, ZACa8503 and ZACa8509 consists of dendritic α-Mg grains and coarse intermetallic grain-boundary phases. In the Ca-free ZA85 alloy, grain boundaries are decorated with a quasi-crystalline phase with icosahedral point-group symmetry (I phase), a metastable modification of the equilibriumτphase (Mg32(Al, Zn)49). At the grain boundaries of the Ca-containing ZA85 alloys, small amounts of the stable cubicτphase Mg32(Al, Zn, Ca)49as well as Al2(Ca, Zn) phase, were detected in addition to the I phase. In the as-cast condition, regions supersaturated with Al and Zn were found to surround the α-Mg grains and to becomeτphase precipitation sites during high-temperature annealing in all alloys investigated. TEM and SANS measurements revealed no influence of Ca on the size distribution and the coarsening rate of the precipitates, which are formed by a continuous precipitation process.
Thermisch leitfähig modifizierte Funktionskunststoffe
Authors: Amesöder Simon , Ehrenstein Gottfried W.
Published: February 2022

Der Beitrag beschreibt das Potential und wesentliche Einflussgrößen von thermisch leitfähig modifizierten Thermoplasten, die als Funktionskunststoffe zur direkten Wärmezu- und -abfuhr beispielsweise im Spritzgießverfahren zu komplexen Bauteilen geformt bzw. darin lokal integriert werden können. Durch eine gezielte Zugabe sehr gut wärmeleitender metallischer bzw. keramischer Füllstoffe kann die Wärmeleitfähigkeit solcher gefüllter Kunststoffe deutlich verbessert werden. Um Wärmeleitfähigkeiten im technisch interessanten Maßstab zur erreichen, sind Füllstoffanteile von bis zu 60 Vol.-% notwendig. Entscheidende Einflussgrößen neben dem Füllgrad sind die Eigenleitfähigkeit und die Geometrie der Füllstoffpartikel. Durch anisotrope Partikel, wie z. B. plättchenförmiges Kupferpulver mit einem hohen Länge/Durchmesser-Verhältnis, lässt sich die Wärmeleitfähigkeit gegenüber kugeligen Partikeln deutlich verbessern. Verarbeitungsbedingte Orientierungen führen bei anisotroper Füllstoffgeometrie zu einer auch für die Praxis relevanten Vorzugsrichtung beim Transport der Wärme.
Alloying reactions in nanostructured multilayers during intense deformation
Authors: Perepezko John H. , Hebert Rainer J.
Published: February 2022

Under intense deformation of metallic multilayer samples, a nanometer-scale layer thickness and grain size develops during repeated cold-rolling. Along with the evolution of the highly refined microstructure, a nanoscale interfacial alloying occurs that can result in an amorphization reaction. The deformation of multilayers exhibits driven system behavior during alloying. As the length scale of the layer thickness converges to the length scale of the mixing zone during rolling, amorphization develops in appreciable volumes. The results from selected experiments demonstrate that the relative specific interfacial area is the key microstructural metric to describe the deformation-driven alloying.
Nanostructured (Co
x
Fe1– x
)3–y
O4 spinel – mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Wu E. , Campbell S. J. , Kaczmarek W. A. , Hofmann M. , Kennedy S. J.
Published: February 2022

The effects of wet-milling mixtures of α-Fe2O3 and cobalt hydroxide Co(OH)2 over a range of Co/Fe ratios for 215 h have been investigated by neutron diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The starting materials were mixed according to the stoichiometric formula (Co
x
Fe1 –x
)3O4 for values of x = 0.037, 0.071, 0.133, 0.234 and 0.380 (i. e., from ≈ Co0.1Fe2.9O4 to the cobalt spinel CoFe2O4). These studies reveal the formation of a nanostructured, mixed Co–Fe spinel phase with non-stoichiometric composition (Co
x
Fe1– x
)3 –y
O4; the defect spinels have refined values x
c = 0.04, 0.08 and 0.14 for the mixtures with the lowest Co content (x = 0.037, 0.071 and 0.133) and defect concentrations in the range y ≈ 0.1 –0.2. Both the spinel phase and un-reacted α-Fe2O3 are found to occur in the neutron diffraction patterns and Mössbauer spectra for the high Co content mixtures x = 0.234 and x = 0.380. Rietveld refinements of the neutron data indicate that the Co atoms predominantly occupy the octahedral B sites with vacancies also found to be located on the octahedral B sites. Analyses of the Mössbauer spectra of the milled samples confirm the existence of vacancy defects in the B sites and reveal that the vacancies cause similar effects to those of the Co ions, leading to a higher average charge state per iron atom.
A systematic study of motif pairs that may facilitate enhancer–promoter interactions
Authors: Wang Saidi , Hu Haiyan , Li Xiaoman
Published: February 2022

Pairs of interacting transcription factors (TFs) have previously been shown to bind to enhancers and promoters and contribute to their physical interactions. However, to date, we have limited knowledge about such TF pairs. To fill this void, we systematically studied the co-occurrence of TF-binding motifs in interacting enhancer–promoter (EP) pairs in seven human cell lines. We discovered 423 motif pairs that significantly co-occur in enhancers and promoters of interacting EP pairs. We demonstrated that these motif pairs are biologically meaningful and significantly enriched with motif pairs of known interacting TF pairs. We also showed that the identified motif pairs facilitated the discovery of the interacting EP pairs. The developed pipeline, EPmotifPair, together with the predicted motifs and motif pairs, is available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14192000. Our study provides a comprehensive list of motif pairs that may contribute to EP physical interactions, which facilitate generating meaningful hypotheses for experimental validation.
Non-canonical questions from a comparative perspective: Introduction to the special collection
Authors: Trotzke Andreas , Czypionka Anna
Published: February 2022

In this brief introduction, we provide an overview of this special collection on a variety of linguistic means to convey non-canonical interpretations of the speech act of questioning.
Surprise questions in spoken French
Authors: Celle Agnès , Pélissier Maud
Published: February 2022

This paper offers a pragmatic account of two wh-questions in French used non-canonically - c’est quoi, ce N and qu’est-ce que constructions. It is claimed that in this non-canonical use, both constructions express surprise. As these constructions may be syntactically ambiguous between an information-seeking reading and a surprise reading, it is expected that the two readings differ in terms of prosody. This hypothesis is supported by the results of a production experiment. Experimental evidence shows significant prosodic differences between syntactically similar information-seeking questions and surprise questions. Surprise questions exhibit an increase in lengthening, slower speech rate and less frequent rising final contours.
The JAK-STAT Pathway and the JAK Inhibitors
Authors: Galli Sanchez Ana Paula , Aidar Fernandes Tatiane Ester , Martelli Palomino Gustavo
Published: February 2022

Dozens of cytokines that bind Type I and Type II receptors use the Janus Kinases (JAK) and the Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins pathway for intracellular signaling, orchestrating hematopoiesis, inducing inflammation, and controlling the immune response. Currently, oral JAK inhibitors are being used to treat many inflammatory and myeloproliferative diseases and are also under investigation in several clinical trials for skin diseases. Thus, dermatologists should understand how the JAK-STAT pathway works as well as the mechanism of action of the JAK inhibitors which will certainly become an important part of the dermatologist’s treatment armamentarium in the next few years. Keywords: JAK inhibitors; Janus Kinases; JAK-STAT Pathway List of Abbreviations: AD: Atopic Dermatitis ADP: Adenosine diphosphate Dmards: Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs JAK: Janus kinase(s) Jaki: Janus kinase Inhibitor(s) PIAS: Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT P-STAT: Phosphorylated STAT STAT: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription TYK2: Tyrosine Kinase 2 Wsxws: Tryptophan-Serine-X-Tryptophan-Serine
Co2 and Erbium:Yag Lasers Improves Acne Scars
Authors: Huacuja Aristides Arellano , Montalvo Dafne Arellano , Montalvo Anja Arellano
Published: February 2022

The facelift and skin resurfacing techniques are carried out during the same surgical procedure, in order to save time and improve the patient recovery. Acne scars, photo-aging sings such as pigmentations and changes in skin color are treated with the skin Resurfacing technique. Many surgeons for neck and cheeks is performed as usually have mentioned the face-lift technique. Using these two techniques, a full-face restoration is obtained with only one surgical procedure. The patient recovery is quicker and the result obtained is much better. 1064 cases were done with this procedure and minimal complications have been observed.
The Simultaneous Inhibition of IL‑4 and IL‑13 by Dupilumab
Authors: Galli Sanchez Ana Paula , Aidar Fernandes Tatiane Ester
Published: February 2022

Interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13 are key players in diseases in which the Type 2 immune response is predominant, such as atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP), that are currently being treated with dupilumab. Dupilumab is a fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα), preventing both IL-4 and IL-13 mediated signaling. This mini-review summarizes the IL-4 receptor system as well as the mechanism of action of dupilumab. Keywords: IL-4; IL-13; dupilumab; Type 2 immunity Abbreviations AD: Atopic Dermatitis CRSwNP: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid JAK: Janus Kinase IL: Interleukin IL-4R: Interleukin 4 Receptor IL-4Rα: Interleukin 4 Receptor alpha chain IL-13Rα1: Interleukin 13 Receptor alpha 1 chain IL-13Rα2:Interleukin 13 Receptor alpha 2 chain STAT: Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription TGF-β: Transforming Growth Factor beta TNF: Tumor Necrosis Factor TYK2: Tyrosine Kinase 2 γc: Common gamma chain