bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The uptake of different tillage practices in England
Authors: Alskaf Kamal , Sparkes Debbie L. , Mooney Sacha J. , Sjögersten Sofie , Wilson Paul
Published: August 2019

Reduced tillage systems have been argued to provide several potential benefits to soil, environment and to farm incomes. In England, while many farms have partially adopted such practices, a large proportion of arable farmers do not undertake reduced tillage in any form. This paper analyses the rationale for and uptake of different cultivation techniques, including analysis of the barriers to adoption of reduced tillage, aiming to benefit policymakers and researchers and increase the spread of smart agricultural practices. Based on a postal questionnaire, we estimated that 47.6% of English arable land is cultivated using minimum‐tillage and 7% under no‐tillage. As farm size increased, so did the probability of reduced tillage uptake. Furthermore, farms growing combinable crops were more likely to utilize reduced tillage approaches than other farm types. Soil type, weed control and weather conditions were noted as the main drivers for ‘strategic’ and ‘rotational’ ploughing, constraining continuous reduced tillage use. To effect greater reduced tillage uptake, greater communication between researchers and farmers is needed to facilitate the implementation of sustainable soil management solutions, supported by current legislation permitting responsible herbicide use in arable production. Financial support to access reduced tillage machinery may also be required for farmers operating smaller holdings. Adopting reduced tillage is a continuous learning process requiring ongoing training and information gathering; supporting a network of reduced tillage ‘farmer champions’ would facilitate practical knowledge exchange, allow farmers to observe soil improvements, understand transition phase barriers and ultimately encourage increased reduced tillage uptake.
Grit, resilience and mindset in health students
Authors: Calo Marlena , Peiris Casey , Chipchase Lucy , Blackstock Felicity , Judd Belinda
Published: August 2019

Background

Grit, resilience and a growth mindset are personal traits conducive to optimal learning and clinical readiness. These are important traits to consider with regards to whether a student thrives or struggles in challenging situations. Research with medical, nursing and pharmacy students demonstrates correlations of these traits with positive well‐being and academic success. No research has investigated the traits of resilience, grit and mindset type together in health professional students to explore whether they are related, and none have focused on physiotherapy students.

Methods

Cross‐sectional study of final‐year physiotherapy students (n = 134) aiming to describe the levels of these personal traits and to determine whether they are related to each other or demographic factors.

Results

A proportion of physiotherapy students have low levels of resilience (25%), low academic resilience (19%) and low levels of grittiness (13%). Grit and resilience were positively related (p < 0.001). A smaller fraction of students had a fixed mindset in relation to intelligence (7%) and talent (10%). Having a mental health condition or disability and the number of hours spent in paid employment were related to personal traits.

Discussion

This is the first study to document empirical evidence of physiotherapy students’ levels of grit, resilience and mindset type with a significant proportion of students having low levels of these attributes. Results have implications for clinical educators and universities seeking to improve student well‐being in order to facilitate effective learning. Institutions need to consider best‐practice approaches to managing and supporting these students to foster well‐being for effective learning.
Navigating medical culture and LGBTQ identity
Authors: Toman Lindsay
Published: August 2019

Background

Contextualised within minority stress theory, this study explores the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) medical students and how they navigate medical school as sexual minorities. Past research indicates many LGBTQ medical students have witnessed medical school staff make prejudice comments about LGBTQ patients, leading sexual minority students to suppress LGBTQ identities and experience adverse mental health outcomes.

Methods

Focus groups were conducted with 12 LGBTQ medical students from four different Michigan‐based medical schools.

Results

Findings show that LGBTQ medical students have a difficult time managing their sexual minority status, but non‐white LGBTQ medical students experience medical school at an intersection of sexual‐identity oppression and racial discrimination. LGBTQ medical students abandon hopes of creating close relationships with faculty members and educators because they have witnessed them make derogatory comments towards LGBTQ patients. The burden of performing well academically and suppressing important aspects of the students’ identities creates a stressful work environment that contributes to poor mental health.

‘Don’t let the doctors know about your sexuality because they might know someone who knows someone. …’

Discussion

Based on this study's findings, there are two recommendations. First, medical school staff should foster a more inclusive environment for students that disrupts the dominance of heteronormative standards, which ultimately underpins LGBTQ health disparities, more generally. Second, medical school faculty members should show their support to LGBTQ students so they can recognise allies and create supportive networks through these individuals. These relationships could encourage students to become successful professionally, but also promote confident and positive feelings about their identities.
The mediating role of farmers' time perspective in water resources exploitation behaviour in the eastern area of Lake Urmia, Iran: An environmental psychological analysis
Authors: Sadeghi Ali , Bijani Masoud , Farhadian Homayoun
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to analyse the mediating role of farmers' time perspective in water resources exploitation behaviour/s (WREB). The study was descriptive correlational and causal relational and was carried out using a survey. The statistical population consisted of farmers in the eastern area of Lake Urmia (N = 232 295), of whom 386 persons were selected using a stratified random sampling method. The instrument was a questionnaire, whose validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Its reliability was also verified by performing the Cronbach's alpha test (0.60 ≥ α ≥ 0.94). The causal framework is presented based on the findings. In such a condition, self‐efficacy, psychological needs and time perspective had the highest total causal effect on farmers' WREB. Moreover, the results confirmed the mediating role of time perspective (as a personal variable) and time norms (as a social variable) in WREB. Therefore, the proper conduct of farmers' WREB needs to provide a futuristic perspective, which is also confirmed by social norms.
A switching strategy of the frequency-domain adaptive algorithm for active noise control
Authors: Wang Jun , Xue Jinpei , Lu Jing , Qiu Xiaojun
Published: August 2019

The bin-normalized frequency domain block least mean square (NFBLMS) algorithm is a good choice in the active noise control system due to its benefit of high convergence speed. However, it suffers from a biased steady-state solution with insufficient adaptive filter length, often unavoidable due to the influence of the secondary path. A modified frequency domain block least mean square (MFBLMS) algorithm with guaranteed optimal steady-state performance has been proposed recently. However, its convergence speed is generally lower than that of the NFBLMS algorithm. In this paper, a mixed algorithm combining the NFBLMS and MFBLMS algorithms is proposed based on the analysis of the initial convergence trajectory of the NFBLMS algorithm. An effective switching strategy is designed, enabling the MFBLMS algorithm after the NFBLMS algorithm approaches its steady state and shifting back to the NFBLMS algorithm when the change of environment is detected. The mixed algorithm has both the high convergence speed and the optimal steady-state performance, and its effectiveness is validated by simulations using measured acoustic transfer functions.
Ultrafast nonlocal collective dynamics of Kane plasmon-polaritons in a narrow-gap semiconductor
Authors: Charnukha A. , Sternbach A. , Stinson H. T. , Schlereth R. , Brüne C. , Molenkamp L. W. , Basov D. N.
Published: August 2019

Surface light-matter waves in a semiconductor driven by an ultrafast laser reach relativistic regime.
Accurate and transferable multitask prediction of chemical properties with an atoms-in-molecules neural network
Authors: Zubatyuk Roman , Smith Justin S. , Leszczynski Jerzy , Isayev Olexandr
Published: August 2019

We introduce a modular, chemically inspired deep neural network model for prediction of several atomic and molecular properties.
Precise nanofiltration in a fouling-resistant self-assembled membrane with water-continuous transport pathways
Authors: Feng Xunda , Imran Qaboos , Zhang Yizhou , Sixdenier Lucas , Lu Xinglin , Kaufman Gilad , Gabinet Uri , Kawabata Kohsuke , Elimelech Menachem , Osuji Chinedum O.
Published: August 2019

We demonstrate precise nanofiltration of molecular solutes in self-assembled membranes derived from a direct lyotropic mesophase.
Holography and criticality in matchgate tensor networks
Authors: Jahn A. , Gluza M. , Pastawski F. , Eisert J.
Published: August 2019

We explore tensor network models of holography through an efficiently contractible framework of matchgate tensors.
Tuning conformation, assembly, and charge transport properties of conjugated polymers by printing flow
Authors: Park Kyung Sun , Kwok Justin J. , Dilmurat Rishat , Qu Ge , Kafle Prapti , Luo Xuyi , Jung Seok-Heon , Olivier Yoann , Lee Jin-Kyun , Mei Jianguo , Beljonne David , Diao Ying
Published: August 2019

Printing flow planarizes conjugated polymers and alters assembly pathways to substantially enhance electronic properties.
Nitrogen cluster doping for high-mobility/conductivity graphene films with millimeter-sized domains
Authors: Lin Li , Li Jiayu , Yuan Qinghong , Li Qiucheng , Zhang Jincan , Sun Luzhao , Rui Dingran , Chen Zhaolong , Jia Kaicheng , Wang Mingzhan , Zhang Yanfeng , Rummeli Mark H. , Kang Ning , Xu H. Q. , Ding Feng , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan
Published: August 2019

Clusterization of dopants in graphene would minimize carrier scattering, achieving a remarkably high carrier mobility.
The metabolic regulator mTORC1 controls terminal myeloid differentiation
Authors: Lee Pui Y. , Sykes David B. , Ameri Sarah , Kalaitzidis Demetrios , Charles Julia F. , Nelson-Maney Nathan , Wei Kevin , Cunin Pierre , Morris Allyn , Cardona Astrid E. , Root David E. , Scadden David T. , Nigrovic Peter A.
Published: August 2019

The mTORC1-S6K1 pathway controls terminal differentiation of myeloid progenitors through regulation of Myc.
Hypofractionated EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor limits tumor relapse through triggering innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Liu Zhida , Han Chuanhui , Dong Chunbo , Shen Aijun , Hsu Eric , Ren Zhenhua , Lu Changzheng , Liu Longchao , Zhang Anli , Timmerman Casey , Pu Yang , Wang Yang , Chen Mingyi , Qiao Jian , Fu Yang-Xin
Published: August 2019

Proper dosing and timing of EGFR TKI can trigger antitumor T cell responses and potentiate anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Underlying Glycans Determine the Ability of Sialylated Lipooligosaccharide To Protect Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae from Serum IgM and Complement
Authors: Jackson Mary Darby , Wong Sandy M. , Akerley Brian J.
Published: August 2019

NontypeableHaemophilus influenzae(NTHi) efficiently colonizes the human nasopharynx asymptomatically but also causes respiratory mucosal infections, including otitis media, sinusitis, and bronchitis. The lipooligosaccharide (LOS) on the cell surface of NTHi displays complex glycans that mimic host structures, allowing it to evade immune recognition. However, LOS glycans are also targets of host adaptive and innate responses.
Isolates from Colonic Spirochetosis in Humans Show High Genomic Divergence and Potential Pathogenic Features but Are Not Detected Using Standard Primers for the Human Microbiota
Authors: Thorell Kaisa , Inganäs Linn , Backhans Annette , Agréus Lars , Öst Åke , Walker Marjorie M. , Talley Nicholas J. , Kjellström Lars , Andreasson Anna , Engstrand Lars
Published: August 2019

This is the first report of whole-genome analysis of clinical isolates from individuals with colonic spirochetosis. This characterization provides new opportunities in understanding the physiology and potentials of these bacteria that densely colonize the gut in the individuals infected. The observation that standard 16S amplicon primers fail to detect colonic spirochetosis may have major implications for studies searching for associations between members of the microbiota and clinical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and should be taken into consideration in project design and interpretation of gastrointestinal tract microbiota in population-based and clinical settings.
Opportunities Revealed for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Clinical Practice with Implementation of a Rapid Respiratory Multiplex Assay
Authors: Weiss Zoe F. , Cunha Cheston B. , Chambers Alison B. , Carr Audrey V. , Rochat Cleo , Raglow-Defranco Mariska , Parente Diane M. , Angus Aimee , Mermel Leonard A. , Sivaprasad Latha , Chapin Kimberle
Published: August 2019

Few studies assess the utility of rapid multiplex molecular respiratory panels in adult patients. Previous multiplex PCR assays took hours to days from order time to result. We analyze the clinical impact of switching to a molecular assay with a 3-h test-turnaround-time (TAT).
CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockout and
In Situ
Inversion of the ORF57 Gene from All Copies of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Genome in BCBL-1 Cells
Authors: BeltCappellino Andrew , Majerciak Vladimir , Lobanov Alexei , Lack Justin , Cam Maggie , Zheng Zhi-Ming
Published: August 2019

This study provides the first evidence that CRISPR/Cas9 technology can be applied to knock out the ORF57 gene from all ∼100 copies of the KSHV genome in primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells by coexpressing two guide RNAs (gRNAs) and Cas9 from a single expression vector in combination with single-cell cloning. The gene knockout efficiency in this system was evaluated rapidly using a direct cell PCR screening. The current CRISPR/Cas9 technology also mediated ORF57 inversion
in situ
in the targeted site of the KSHV genome. The successful rescue of viral lytic gene expression and infectious virion production from the ORF57 knockout (KO) genome further reiterates the essential role of ORF57 in KSHV infection and multiplication. This modified technology should be useful for knocking out any viral genes from a genome to dissect functions of individual viral genes in the context of the virus genome and to understand their contributions to viral genetics and the virus life cycle.
Group B streptococcus meningitis complicated by periodic lateralising epileptiform discharges in an elderly patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Germano Nicholas , Sibbel Maria Gunnes , Summerfield Douglas , Pitzenberger Abbey
Published: August 2019

Streptococcus agalactiae(group B streptococcus or GBS) is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in infants, but is rarely the cause in adults. Across all non-pregnant adults it comprises 7% of bacterial meningitis cases, with a mortality rate of 56% in the elderly. Therefore, while rare, GBS should be a part of a patient’s differential when initiating antibiotics in adults with chronic illnesses. We report a 78-year-old diabetic female admitted to the hospital with suspected meningitis. Lumbar puncture revealed grossly purulent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and she was started on antibiotics for empiric treatment of expectedStreptococcus pneumoniae. Thirty-one hours post-sampling, the CSF culture results returned positive for beta haemolytic GBS and treatment was altered accordingly. The case was complicated by concomitant periodic lateralising epileptiform discharges which were treated simultaneously. After 14 days of hospitalisation, the patient was discharged to a skilled nursing facility for further recovery.
Dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine as adjuvants to local anesthetic mixture in intercostal nerve block for thoracoscopic pneumonectomy: a prospective randomized study
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Liu Shijiang , Zhu Jingming , Rao Zhuqing , Liu Cunming
Published: August 2019

Background and objectives

Perineural dexamethasone or dexmedetomidine prolongs the duration of single-injection peripheral nerve block when added to the local anesthetic solution. In a randomized, controlled, double-blinded study in patients undergoing thoracoscopic pneumonectomy, we tested the hypothesis that combined perineural dexamethasone and dexmedetomidine prolonged the duration of analgesia as compared with either perineural dexamethasone or perineural dexmedetomidine after intercostal nerve block (INB).

Methods

Eighty patients were randomized to receive INB using 28 mL 0.5% ropivacaine, with 2 mL normal saline (R group), with 10 mg dexamethasone in 2 mL (RS group) or 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine in 2 mL (RM group), or with 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine and 10 mg dexamethasone in 2 mL (RSM group) administrated perineurally. The INB was performed by the surgeon under thoracoscopic direct vision; a total of six intercostal spaces were involved, each with an injection of 5 mL. The primary outcome was the duration of analgesia. Secondary outcomes included total postoperative fentanyl consumption, visual analog scale pain score and safety assessment (adverse effects).

Results

The duration of analgesia in RSM (824.2±105.1 min) was longer than that in RS (611.5±133.0 min), RM (602.5±108.5 min) and R (440.0±109.6 min) (p<0.001). Total postoperative fentanyl consumption was lower in RSM (106.0±84.0 µg) compared with RS (243.0±175.2 µg), RM (237.0±98.7 µg) and R (369.0±134.2 µg) (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed in the incidences of adverse effects between the four groups.

Conclusion

The addition of combined perineural dexmedetomidine and dexamethasone to ropivacaine for INB seemed to be an attractive method for prolonged analgesia with almost no adverse effects.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR-IOR-17012183.
Intermittent sequential pneumatic compression does not enhance whole-body heat loss in elderly adults during extreme heat exposure
Authors: D’Souza Andrew W. , Notley Sean R. , Meade Robert D. , Kenny Glen P.
Published: August 2019

Lower-limb intermittent sequential pneumatic compression (ISPC) improves circulation and vascular function in elderly adults. We evaluated the hypothesis that ISPC would also augment whole-body heat loss (WBHL) in elderly adults (aged 69 ± 4 years) resting in extreme heat (40 °C). While ISPC increased mean arterial pressure (91 ± 9 mm Hg) relative to no-ISPC (83 ± 5 mm Hg; P = 0.013) at the end of the exposure, no influence on WBHL was observed (81 ± 7 and 86 ± 11 W for ISPC and no-ISPC, respectively, P = 0.310).

Novelty When assessed in elderly adults during an extreme heat exposure, intermittent sequential pneumatic compression augmented mean arterial pressure but did not enhance whole-body heat loss.
Dense SNP panels resolve closely related Chinook salmon populations
Authors: McKinney Garrett J. , Pascal Carita E. , Templin William D. , Gilk-Baumer Sara E. , Dann Tyler H. , Seeb Lisa W. , Seeb James E.
Published: August 2019

Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are migratory fish that are highly valued for subsistence, sport, and commercial fisheries throughout their native range. Populations of Chinook salmon in western Alaska have exhibited long-term declines, leading to restrictions on harvests. Management priorities require greater resolution for genetic stock identification (GSI) than is available with current methods. We leveraged RADseq, TaqMan, and GT-seq data originating from multiple sources, collected through time, to develop a set of GT-seq panels containing 1092 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that improved GSI resolution in western Alaska for at-sea and in-river sampling. We generated a dense linkage map to ensure that markers selected for panels spanned the entire genome. In addition, we identified multiple RADseq markers that were associated with sex; these aligned to a 5-centimorgan (cM) region on the sex chromosome. Finally, we developed a bioinformatic pipeline to streamline analysis of GT-seq data that is capable of genotyping microhaplotypes and paralogs, both of which can improve GSI resolution over traditional single-SNP data. Our panels and pipeline provide tools for management agencies to rapidly and easily analyze large-scale genotyping projects.
A study of some cylindrically symmetric solutions in f(R, G) gravity
Authors: Zia Saeeda , Shamir M. Farasat
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we present the cylindrically symmetric solutions in a well-known modified theory, namely f(R, G) gravity. After driving the complete system of field equations, six different families of exact solutions using a viable f(R, G) gravity model have been discussed. Moreover, we have investigated the well-known Levi–Civita solution in modified gravity for the model f(R, G) = R2 + αGn for some suitable values of model parameters n and α. Null energy conditions are also calculated for all the obtained solutions. Some regions are observed where the null energy condition is violated, indicating the existence of cylindrical wormholes.
High-mannose intercellular adhesion molecule-1 enhances CD16+monocyte adhesion to the endothelium
Authors: Regal-McDonald Kellie , Xu Brittney , Barnes Jarrod W. , Patel Rakesh P.
Published: August 2019

Human monocytes have been classified into three distinct groups, classical (anti-inflammatory; CD14+/CD16−), nonclassical (patrolling; CD14+/CD16++), and intermediate (proinflammatory; CD14++/CD16+). Adhesion of nonclassical/intermediate monocytes with the endothelium is important for innate immunity, and also vascular inflammatory disease. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms that regulate CD16+versus CD16−monocyte adhesion to the inflamed endothelium. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a high-mannose (HM) N-glycoform of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the endothelium mediates the selective recruitment of CD16+monocytes. Using TNF-α treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and using proximity ligation assay for detecting proximity of specific N-glycans and ICAM-1, we show that TNF-α induces HM-ICAM-1 formation on the endothelial surface in a time-dependent manner. We next measured CD16−or CD16+monocyte rolling and adhesion to TNF-α-treated HUVECs in which HM- or hybrid ICAM-1 N-glycoforms were generated using the α-mannosidase class I and II inhibitors, kifunensine and swainsonine, respectively. Expression of HM-ICAM-1 selectively enhanced CD16+monocyte adhesion under flow with no effect on CD16−monocytes noted. CD16+monocyte adhesion was abrogated by blocking either HM epitopes or ICAM-1. A critical role for HM-ICAM-1 in mediating CD16+monocyte rolling and adhesion was confirmed using COS-1 cells engineered to express HM or complex ICAM-1 N-glycoforms. These data suggest that HM-ICAM-1 selectively recruits nonclassical/intermediate CD16+monocytes to the activated endothelium.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY Monocyte subsets have been associated with cardiovascular disease, yet it is unknown how different subsets are recruited to the endothelium. This study demonstrates the formation of distinct ICAM-1 N-glycoforms in the activated endothelium and reveals a key role for high mannose ICAM-1 in mediating proinflammatory CD16+monocyte adhesion. Presented data identify roles for endothelial N-glycans in recruiting specific monocyte subsets during inflammation.
Association of BMI, Smoking, and Alcohol with Multiple Myeloma Mortality in Asians: A Pooled Analysis of More than 800,000 Participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium
Authors: Ugai Tomotaka , Ito Hidemi , Oze Isao , Saito Eiko , Rahman Md Shafiur , Boffetta Paolo , Gupta Prakash C. , Sawada Norie , Tamakoshi Akiko , Shu Xiao Ou , Koh Woon-Puay , Gao Yu-Tang , Sadakane Atsuko , Tsuji Ichiro , Park Sue K. , Nagata Chisato , You San-Lin , Pednekar Mangesh S. , Tsugane Shoichiro , Cai Hui , Yuan Jian-Min , Xiang Yong-Bing , Ozasa Kotaro , Tomata Yasutake , Kanemura Seiki , Sugawara Yumi , Wada Keiko , Chen Chien-Jen , Yoo Keun-Young , Chia Kee Seng , Ahsan Habibul , Zheng Wei , Inoue Manami , Kang Daehee , Potter John , Matsuo Keitaro
Published: August 2019

Background:

To date, few epidemiologic studies have been conducted to elucidate lifestyle-related risk factors for multiple myeloma in Asia. We investigated the association of body mass index (BMI), smoking, and alcohol intake with the risk of multiple myeloma mortality through a pooled analysis of more than 800,000 participants in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Methods:

The analysis included 805,309 participants contributing 10,221,623 person-years of accumulated follow-up across Asia Cohort Consortium cohorts. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between BMI, smoking, and alcohol at baseline and the risk of multiple myeloma mortality were assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model with shared frailty.

Results:

We observed a statistically significant dose-dependent association between BMI categories and the risk of multiple myeloma mortality (<18.5 kg/m2: HR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.52–1.24; 18.5–24.9 kg/m2: reference; 25.0–29.9 kg/m2: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 0.94–1.47; ≥30 kg/m2: HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.99–2.64, Ptrend = 0.014). By sex, this association was more apparent in women than in men (P for heterogeneity between sexes = 0.150). We observed no significant associations between smoking or alcohol consumption and risk of multiple myeloma mortality.

Conclusions:

This study showed that excess body mass is associated with an increased risk of multiple myeloma mortality among Asian populations. In contrast, our results do not support an association between smoking or alcohol consumption and the risk of multiple myeloma mortality in Asian populations.

Impact:

This study provides important evidence on the association of BMI, smoking, and alcohol with the risk of multiple myeloma mortality in Asian populations.
PubliCIDADE e as mascotes no mercado paraense
Authors: Santos Luiz Cezar
Published: August 2019

O artigo tem por premissa apresentar as pesquisas realizadas sobre as mascotes, personagens e personalidades do imaginário amazônico utilizadas no mercado paraense, para a construção e a sustentação de marcas. O estudo e a análise das peças publicitárias têm como foco o registro histórico das representações imagéticas das mascotes utilizadas pelas empresas comerciais na cidade de Belém do Pará, além de estudá-las como forma de publicização de marcas, produtos e serviços locais e regionais. A pesquisa revelou que as mascotes de marcas da região são prioritariamente compostas por animais domésticos e outros de baixo ou nenhum envolvimento cotidiano, o que evidencia o distanciamento da vasta fauna e do imaginário amazônico. Quando surgem as mascotes imaginativas, também as referências são distantes, como a utilização de mitos romanos ou de figuras universais, como o gênio. O maior vínculo de sentido local está na representação plural e extensiva da Nossa Senhora de Nazaré como personagem, portanto, mascote das festividades do Círio. O referido artigo, a partir do projeto de pesquisa intitulado publiCIDADE(s), analisa a propaganda e a publicidade como marca(s) midiática(s) de consumo, o projeto resultou ainda na apresentação e publicação de quatro trabalhos em anais de eventos nacionais da área.
Fulla
Authors: Caraciola Carolina Boari
Published: August 2019

Este artigo analisará a influência da religião islâmica na formação da personalidade infantil. Enquanto a boneca Barbie representa tudo o que uma menina ocidental supostamente quer ser, em relação a comportamento e padrões de beleza, a boneca Fulla caracteriza a jovem muçulmana, com traços árabes, roupas que cobrem a totalidade do corpo, um véu que esconde seus cabelos, tapete para rezar, além de um livro de orações. Por meio da análise semiótica da boneca Fulla e de suas principais manifestações, fica evidente que a constituição da marca, suas expressividades e posicionamentos refletem o ethos islâmico. Mais do que uma boneca ou uma marca, Fulla representa o contexto cultural no qual a menina, público consumidor do produto, está inserida, reforçando os códigos religiosos e de conduta.
Thick and Diffuse Subarachnoid Blood as a Treatment Effect Modifier of Clazosentan After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Mayer Stephan A. , Aldrich E. Francois , Bruder Nicolas , Hmissi Abdel , Macdonald R. Loch , Viarasilpa Tanuwong , Marr Angelina , Roux Sebastien , Higashida Randall T.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose—

Clazosentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce angiographic vasospasm and vasospasm-related morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), although no effect on long-term functional outcome has been demonstrated. Thick clot on initial computed tomography is associated with an increased risk of vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia. In this post hoc analysis, we hypothesized that use of clazosentan in this subpopulation would provide stronger benefit.

Methods—

We analyzed SAH patients enrolled in the CONSCIOUS-2 and CONSCIOUS-3 studies (Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage) and compared the effects of clazosentan 5 mg/h, 15 mg/h, and placebo starting the day after aneurysm repair. The analysis was performed separately based on the presence or absence of thick (≥4 mm) and diffuse (≥3 cisterns) SAH on admission computed tomography. The primary composite end point was all-cause mortality and vasospasm-related morbidity at 6 weeks, and the main secondary end point was the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale at 3 months, adjusted for admission clinical grade.

Results—

Of 1718 randomized patients, 919 (53%) had thick and diffuse SAH. The primary composite end point in this group occurred in 36% of placebo-treated patients (n=294), 30% patients treated with clazosentan 5 mg/h (n=514; relative risk, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67–0.99), and 19% patients treated with clazosentan 15 mg/h (n=111; relative risk, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.36–0.80). Despite this, death or poor functional outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale ≤4) occurred in 33% of placebo-treated patients, 34% of patients treated with clazosentan 5 mg/h (relative risk 1.02; 95% CI, 0.84–1.23), and 35% of patients treated with clazosentan 15 mg/h (relative risk 1.14; 95% CI, 0.88–1.48).

Conclusions—

In an enriched population with thick and diffuse SAH, clazosentan at a dose of 5 and 15 mg/h was able to significantly reduce vasospasm-related morbidity in a dose-dependent manner. The absence of an effect on long-term functional status likely reflects the complexity and multiplicity of factors that contribute to poor outcome after SAH.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00558311; NCT00940095.
Towards Computational Models and Applications of Insect Visual Systems for Motion Perception: A Review
Authors: Fu Qinbing , Wang Hongxin , Hu Cheng , Yue Shigang
Published: August 2019

Motion perception is a critical capability determining a variety of aspects of insects' life, including avoiding predators, foraging, and so forth. A good number of motion detectors have been identified in the insects' visual pathways. Computational modeling of these motion detectors has not only been providing effective solutions to artificial intelligence, but also benefiting the understanding of complicated biological visual systems. These biological mechanisms through millions of years of evolutionary development will have formed solid modules for constructing dynamic vision systems for future intelligent machines. This article reviews the computational motion perception models originating from biological research on insects' visual systems in the literature. These motion perception models or neural networks consist of the looming-sensitive neuronal models of lobula giant movement detectors (LGMDs) in locusts, the translation-sensitive neural systems of direction-selective neurons (DSNs) in fruit flies, bees, and locusts, and the small-target motion detectors (STMDs) in dragonflies and hoverflies. We also review the applications of these models to robots and vehicles. Through these modeling studies, we summarize the methodologies that generate different direction and size selectivity in motion perception. Finally, we discuss multiple systems integration and hardware realization of these bio-inspired motion perception models.
Agreeing Adpositions in Avar and The Directionality-of-Valuation Debate
Authors: Rudnev Pavel
Published: August 2019

Given the central spot afforded to unvalued features in current theorizing, the directionality of feature valuation is the subject of a lively debate in the syntactic literature. The traditional conception of upward valuation, whereby the unvalued probe inherits features from a valued goal in its c-command domain ( Chomsky 2000 , 2001 , Carstens and Diercks 2013 , Preminger 2013 ), has to compete with downward valuation ( Zeijlstra 2012 ), Hybrid Agree ( Bjorkman and Zeijlstra 2019 ), and bidirectional Agree ( Baker 2008 ), among others.

Here, using data from Avar, I discuss the crosslinguistically rare phenomenon of adposition agreement, whereby certain adverbs, postpositions, and locative case forms undergo agreement with an absolutive argument. I set the stage by sketching the mechanism of case assignment and argument-predicate agreement in Avar ( section 1 ) and introducing the phenomenon of adposition agreement ( section 2 ). I then show that the agreement morphology on agreeing adpositions is a result of agreement rather than concord ( section 3 ). In sections 4 – 5 , I explore the consequences of adposition agreement in Avar for upward and downward valuation, concluding that upward valuation is better equipped to account for the observed patterns. In section 6 , I summarize the results of the discussion.
Transitional Justice, International Law and the United Nations
Authors: Grover Leena
Published: August 2019

What relationship does international law have to transitional justice and what role has the United Nations (UN) played in shaping that relationship? The international legal history of this concept reveals that the UN has shifted from relying on international law to support nationally determined transitional justice efforts to expecting States to conform to a growing body of international legal standards it has set in this field. This turn to international legal hegemony and UN managerialism can marginalise some of the most pressing concerns of people attempting to overcome past large-scale abuses. In recent years, the UN has expanded its work in transitioning societies and scholars have recommended ways for better addressing the needs of their members. However, these measures seem partial at best, as they disrupt neither international law’s hegemony nor the UN’s managerial role in this field, which operate as major constraints on societies weighing their transitional justice options.
The Second Church Slavonic Translation of 1–4 Kingdoms: A Witness to the Proto-Lucianic Text
Authors: Bruni Alessandro Maria
Published: August 2019

The article discusses several textual features of the second Church Slavonic version of 1–4 Kingdoms. It presents this tradition to scholars as new material for the study of the Antiochene or Lucianic recension of 1–4 Kingdoms, a text-type found in five Greek minuscule manuscripts. The Church Slavonic version has come down in two Serbian testimonies, dating respectively from 1418 and 1523–1543. The analysis shows that it represents a new witness, not only to the Antiochene recension of 1–4 Kingdoms as a whole, but also to its proto-Lucianic textual stratum. The investigation has furthermore brought to light the existence in this secondary tradition of an edition of 3–4 Kingdoms, presenting an otherwise unknown subdivision of the books. The textual arrangement is as follows: 3 Kingdoms comprises 3 Kgdms 2:12–11:41, while 4 Kingdoms consists of a combination of 3 Kgdms 11:42–22:54 and 4 Kgdms 1:1–25:30.
Haggai and Zechariah in Greek Psalm Superscriptions
Authors: Shepherd Michael
Published: August 2019

The multiplication of psalm superscriptions in the Greek Psalter vis-à-vis the MT raises a question about whether such additions were prompted by the Hebrew or by the Greek text. The present article attempts to answer this question specifically regarding the addition of the names of the prophets Haggai and Zechariah in LXX-Pss 110; 111; 137; 138; 145–150 (= MT 111; 112; 138; 139; 146–150). The thesis is that these names were added secondarily and exclusively within Greek tradition, but the basis for the decision to do so in each case can be traced back to the main body of the Hebrew psalm behind the Greek translation in one of three ways. Thus, the superscriptions are not only part of the history of interpretation of the Greek Psalter but also part of the history of interpretation of the Hebrew text behind it.
Synthesis of new thiophene dyes clubbed with sulfonamide for the creation of antibacterial polyester fabrics
Authors: Hossan Aisha SM
Published: August 2019

The current study targets to synthesize some new sulfonamido-hydroxythiophene dyes for dyeing polyester fabrics with estimated antibacterial activity. The structure of sulfonamide dyes was adapted by conducting with sulfadimidine and sulfamethaxole through the coupling reaction. The synthesized derivatives were established by spectroscopic tools (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance). Hydroxy-thiophene-containing sulfonamides were utilized for dyeing polyester fabric. The prepared sulfonamido-hydroxythiophene dyes were applied on polyester fabrics after establishing the optimum dye conditions, and afterward their dyeing properties, light, washing, perspiration, rubbing and sublimation fastness were determined. Meanwhile, the improved dyes demonstrated respectable fastness results and antibacterial properties against some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Command filter-based fuzzy adaptive nonlinear sensor-fault tolerant control for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Hu Chaofang , Zhang Zelong , Zhou Xianpeng , Wang Na
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a novel asymptotic fuzzy adaptive nonlinear fault tolerant control (FTC) scheme is presented for the under-actuated dynamics of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) subject to diverse sensor faults. The proposed FTC approach can deal with both additive sensor faults (bias, drift, loss of accuracy) and multiplicative sensor fault (loss of effectiveness). The overall dynamics is separated into position loop and attitude loop for FTC controllers design. Combining uncertain parameters and external disturbances, the four types of faults occurring in velocity sensors and Euler angle rate sensors are transformed equivalently into the unknown nonlinear function vectors and uncertain control gains. Fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the lumped nonlinear functions, and adaptive parameters are estimated online. Nussbaum technique is introduced to deal with the unknown control gains. For both control loops, FTC controllers are designed via command filter-based backstepping approach, in which sliding mode control is introduced to establish asymptotic stability. All tracking error signals of the closed-loop control system are proved to converge to zero asymptotically. Finally, simulation comparisons with other methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FTC approach for quadrotor UAV with sensor faults.
Event-triggered finite-time consensus control under uncertain disturbances with fully continuous communication and chattering free
Authors: Zhang An , Yang Pan , Zhou Ding
Published: August 2019

This paper focuses on event-triggered finite-time consensus problem of second-order multi-agent system, which is subjected to external bounded disturbance. First, a novel finite-time consensus control algorithm based on the event-triggering control scheme is proposed. The proposed algorithm contains a saturation function that is disturbance rejection and aims at eliminating the chattering problem caused by the discontinuity of the control algorithm in some existing work. Further, the utilization of saturation function reduces damages to the actuators and decreases energy consumptions in practical applications. Second, an event-triggering function is developed to generate the control event sequences, which is fully continuous communication free and avoids continuous update of the controller by contrast with real-time control method and continuous communication event-triggered control scheme. Third, finite-time bounded consensus can be reached with the scale of the convergence region adjusted by appropriate parameter selecting. A rigorous proof based on Lyapunov stability analysis is given to verify that the event-triggered control algorithm, under the derived conditions, solves the second-order finite-time consensus with chattering free and being robust to external disturbances as well as excluding the Zeno behavior. Finally, two simulation examples are performed to validate the effectiveness of the results.
Intervention for burnout among chemistry education undergraduates in Nigeria
Authors: Ezeudu Florence Obiageli , Nwoji Ijeoma Hope N. , Dave-Ugwu Priscilla O. , Abaeme Deborah Oluchi , Ikegbunna Nnonye Rebecca , Agugu Chiegeonu Valentina , Muoneke Mary Nneora , Alabi Ayodeji Olorunmeye , Nwefuru Bartholomew Chinweuba
Published: August 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to determine how effectively rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) could help university undergraduate students in chemistry to manage academic burnout.

Methods

We surveyed 468 undergraduates in the chemistry education program for eligibility and included the first 30 students who showed symptoms of high burnout. We randomly assigned 15 students each to the experimental and control groups. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for college students was used to assess students’ burnout at two different periods. The intervention was delivered using a manual for managing burnout. Results: Pre-test results indicated no significant difference in the burnout scores of the control group (mean = 51.43, standard deviation (SD) = 2.74) and experimental group (mean = 52.31, SD = 3.59), t(28) = 0.749. At post-test, the main effect of time on students’ burnout was significant: F(2.27) = 41.91, ηp2 = 0.599. The main effect of group on undergraduates’ burnout was also significant: F(1.28) = 1043.67, ηp2 = 0.974. There was a significant time × group interaction effect on burnout among participants: F(2.27) = 41.43, ηp2 = 0.597.

Conclusion

Our study findings showed that chemistry students could be helped to manage burnout symptoms, based on REBT theory. REBT methodology should be promoted among university undergraduates with symptoms of academic burnout.
Camouflage makeup improves quality of life in cancer patients with treatment-related skin changes
Authors: Wakeda Takako , Okamura Tsuyoshi , Kawahara Takuya , Heike Yuji
Published: August 2019

Background:

Cancer treatment causes various skin appearance changes, which affect quality of life (QoL) in patients with cancer. We examined whether camouflage makeup improves QoL in these patients.

Methods:

Skindex-16 and visual analogue scale scores of 39 female patients with cancer treatment–related skin changes were compared before and 2–3 months after self-administration of camouflage makeup.

Results:

Camouflage makeup was able to conceal almost all skin changes, improving QoL scores regardless of age, diagnosis, and site of skin changes. Use frequency was significantly higher in patients with skin changes on exposed sites compared with patients with unexposed sites.

Conclusions:

Even though the patients applied the makeup only when required, they were satisfied with its effect, which improved their QoL. Moreover, the makeup had a positive effect even in patients with changes in unexposed sites, suggesting that clinicians can recommend camouflage makeup to all patients to improve QoL.
Complicating Jamaica’s Morant Bay Rebellion: Jewish radicalism, Asian indenture, and multi-ethnic histories of 1865
Authors: Sheller Mimi
Published: August 2019

The 1865 Morant Bay Rebellion in Jamaica has generally been interpreted as a struggle between the post-emancipation Black peasantry and the white colonial government, which led to a violent confrontation, military suppression, and the demise of the Jamaican House of Assembly in favor of direct Crown Colony rule. Yet, the archival record shows other more complex currents that were also at play, including multi-racial, cross-class alliances, and strong conflicts over local politics, corruption, and labor rights. This article focuses on a little noted aspect of the events of 1865: the arrest for sedition of Sidney Lindo Levien, a Jewish newspaper publisher of The County Union. Levien advocated for the poor, foreigners, and women; joined the Underhill Meetings supporting the political rights of the vast majority of people emancipated from slavery; and was arrested under martial law during the rebellion and later found guilty of sedition, serving nearly 7 months in prison of a 1 year sentence before being pardoned. Drawing on his own writings, photographs, family genealogy, and Levien’s hitherto unknown “Chronicle of 1865,” I argue that his story opens new questions about the relation between Jews and Baptists, Black and “Coloured,” Asian and Maroon, and varied elite and non-elite “White” populations in Jamaica, taking us beyond the typical Black-vs-white framing of the Morant Bay Rebellion toward a more multi-sided emphasis on cross-racial protest and multi-denominational resistance within the imperial global economy. Both dominant “White” colonial histories and subsequent Jamaican “Black” national histories have erased the more diverse actors and cross-cutting interests that shaped the events of 1865, which only come into view through a multi-ethnic history of global mobilities and shifting identities, which I refer to as a critical cosmopolitan perspective.
Inverse identification of modified Johnson–Cook model for cutting titanium alloy Ti6Al4V using firefly algorithm
Authors: Zhou Jinhua , Ren Junxue , Jiang Yong
Published: August 2019

The original Johnson–Cook equation fails to describe the significant thermal softening phenomenon of flow stress in cutting process of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V. Recently, some researchers developed some modified Johnson–Cook models of Ti6Al4V by introducing some additional parameters. But effective parameter identification method is unavailable in those research works. In this work, an inverse approach is developed to determine the additional parameters. A modified Johnson–Cook model with the hyperbolic tangent function is adopted, in which four unknown parameters need to be determined. The parameter assessment is taken as an optimization process based on the unequal division parallel-sided shear zone model. Along with the measured cutting force and chip thickness, the firefly algorithm is introduced to search for the parametric optimal solution. Those four parameters are determined when the difference between the predicted and experimental effective stress at shear plane reaches its minimum. The identified constitutive model is subsequently verified by finite element simulation of orthogonal cutting process, and compared with previous different material models. With the identified modified Johnson–Cook model, the serrated chip is observed in all the simulations. A good agreement between verification experiments and simulations is achieved. An acceptable prediction accuracy with an error of 10.28% on cutting force and an error of 18.12% on chip size is achieved.