bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Symbolism of the Marble Muse in Stifter's Nachsommer
Authors: Hallamore G. Joyce
Published: January 2021

Das stück hat eine tiefe Anlage und sein Kern dürfte nicht gleich anfänglich vorspringen.“ Thus Stifter writes in reference to Der Nachsommer to his publisher and friend Heckenast on 28 January 1855. A year and nine months later, Stifter, who was then engaged in correcting proof, made the following confession in a letter to Heckenast of 20 October 1856:

Nur Ihnen getraue ich mir zu sagen, was ich jezt sage: ich glaube, dass das gegenwärtige Buch eine Tiefe haben soll, die in neuer Zeit nur von Göthe übertroffen ist. Wenn dieser Saz unter die Litteraten käme, sie steinigten mich. Ich kann mich irren; aber die lezten Correcturbögen haben mich selber, wie ernste Ruhe und Tiefe ergriffen, was mir noch bei keiner Correctur geschah. (xviii, 336)

Self-adulation was not one of Stifter's failings as an artist, nor was ambition, in its usual sense. He does confess, however, to a “Thatenergeiz” which he defines in a letter to Heckenast of 6 March 1849 as the impulse “die menschliche Bildung wesentlich zu fördern.” How intense is this impulse is revealed in his statement: “Mein Gott, ich gäbe gerne mein Blut her, wenn ich die Menschheit mit einem Ruke auf die Stufe sittlicher Schönheit heben könnte, auf der ich sie wünschte” (xvii, 323). This ambition, “ein tiefer heiliger Drang” (xviii, 224), social rather than selfish, is indeed so strong, even compelling, that one may recognize in it the force which led to Stifter's achievements as artist and man of practical affairs as well as the cause of his frustrations, disappointments, and miseries. For Stifter, satisfaction with any of his writings could spring only from a realization that artistic form and ethical content were in perfect partnership: “Der höchste Ruhm die höchste Freude wäre mir die, zu wissen, dass ich auch nur einige Steinchen zu dem Baue dieses Reiches auf der Erde gelegt habe, dass ich die Zahl der Herzen vermehren geholfen habe, welche das lieben, was ich liebe, und mit reinerem Sinne nach Oben schauen.”
Sprung Rhythm
Authors: Baum Paull F.
Published: January 2021

In a long essay apropos of Yeats's Oxford Book of Modern Verse, G. M. Young works himself around to modern versification and to G. M. Hopkins. What should have been a development, he says, has turned out to be a catastrophe. “It is common, too, I find to look on Hopkins as the chief legislator of the new mode. For Hopkins as a poet I have the greatest admiration, but his theories on metre seem to me to be as demonstrably wrong as those of any speculator who has ever led a multitude into the wilderness to perish. Unfortunately they have been used as a justification for the cacophonies which naturally result when the metrically deaf write verse, and the metrically deaf are a very large class.” Young is not sure of the right meaning of counterpoint, but “using it as Hopkins did,” he says: “You must counterpoint to avoid monotony, but you must not silence the pattern. You can only work within limits, and if you go beyond them the result is prose. It is no use saying like the Pharisees: ‘It is Corban, a sprung rhythm’: it will not be verse.” That Young uses Hopkins as a stick to beat the moderns is merely amusing; they had their own bit of chaos and needed a form in which to express it. But when he casts a doubt on Hopkins' theories on meter and forth-rightly accuses Hopkins of “an ignorance of his subject so profound that he was not aware there was anything to know”—that is, as he would say, certainly a bone for the dog. And when, on the other hand, Sir Herbert Read, lending his authority to the defense, says that “Hopkins shows that he understood the technique of English poetry as no poet since Dryden had understood it,” it is time to apply a few tests. A beginning was made ten years ago by Yvor Winters, rather more extreme than what follows here. But granted that both Young and Winters have a strong case, it still seems best to deal patiently with Hopkins, if only because he was an impetuous novice in prosody, too impatient to think his theories through before he began to explain them.
Foreword
Authors: Fisher John H. , Quick Annabelle M.
Published: January 2021

As our profession grows larger and more diverse, as its opportunities increase, the proper conduct of our national meetings becomes a matter of legitimate concern. This booklet brings together explanations and regulations developed over the years. We urge that group officers and readers of papers—and any member who thinks that he may ever read a paper, lead a discussion, or organize a program at the Annual Meeting—read all of the booklet carefully so that they may see how each activity contributes to the success of the whole meeting, which now numbers more than 12,000 in attendance, more than 100 different programs in three days, as many as 600 individual participants, and in 1967 begins to occupy the full facilities of two separate, major hotels.
The Market for the Scholarly Book
Authors: Green Alexander
Published: January 2021

The publication and distribution of books possessing a scholarly rather than a mercantile value present problems that are particularly adapted as subjects of consideration by the Modern Language Association and upon the solution of which the academic investigator and the educational publisher may quite properly take counsel with each other. The entire question is also of more than timely importance not only for the advancement of pure scholarship but by reason of the fact that the unprecedented increase in our College and University enrollment and the interest manifested by students in the pursuit of Modern Languages have brought the teacher face to face with the opportunity of expanding his advanced and graduate classes and, consequently, with the need of supplying his courses with adequate and attractive tools of instruction. What is the actual state of affairs? Where does the scholar at present obtain serious books of this character? Where can he arrange for the publication of such books? What are the difficulties that confront the publishers? What remedies may be applied to conditions now prevailing? These questions can best be answered by means of a frank interchange of ideas.
La filosofía de la mente de Jerry Fodor
Authors: Tillería Aqueveque Leopoldo Edgardo
Published: January 2021

El artículo presenta una aproximación a la filosofía de la mente de Jerry Fodor, y se detiene en el problema que representa su tesis del naturalismo computacional. Se enfatiza en las diferencias ontológicas entre los sistemas modulares de entrada y los sistemas centrales de esta máquina mental. Mediante una revisión de las principales críticas al programa fodoriano, se concluye con la idea de que su innatismo conceptual resulta ser su mayor problema epistemológico y, paradójicamente, su mayor aporte filosófico, en especial por la incorporación de la noción de sentido común en el campo de la semántica informacional. La teoría computacional de la mente de Fodor parece ser un innegable aporte a los modelos actuales de las ciencias cognitivas, en particular, considerando su idea de encapsulamiento informativo. Asimismo, las nociones de memoria semántica y semántica referencial, y sus posibles implicancias en el dominio de la Inteligencia Artificial, constituyen en la actualidad una importante herencia de los trabajos del filósofo estadounidense. Su sugerente observación acerca de que no existe algo llamado verdades conceptuales constitutivas, parece dejar por ahora el tablero inclinado hacia el intuicionismo conceptual. Mientras no se evidencie algo más sustantivo, el matrimonio entre sentido común y sistema de creencias, resulta ser el mayor triunfo filosófico del ‘ciudadano Fodor’
La pandemia del Covid-19 como experiencia límite del sentido de la existencia del ser humano posmoderno
Authors: Ortega Guizado Remberto
Published: January 2021

Después que el Director General de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declarara la situación de pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020, el mundo cambió pues, el Covid-19 provocó que, la sociedad posmoderna se pregunte sobre la existencia, sobre su sentido, sobre su fin.  Sin embargo, una vez más, lo que vuelve a inquietar no es la búsqueda de una respuesta conceptual, sino una en cuanto experiencia existencial humana.  Este artículo, basado en una investigación bibliográfica, presenta una aproximación filosófica de la pandemia del Covid-19 como experiencia límite del sentido de la existencia del ser humano posmoderno, que desvela la gran crisis ética y humana que caracteriza a la posmodernidad, y que por medio de la hegemonía de marcos conceptuales ha colocado a miles de seres humanos en la indigencia existencial.  Por ello, dicho trabajo se delimita a la experiencia humana en este contexto; lo cual se hace desde lo ontológico existencial, sin que ello implique necesariamente estructuras intrínsecas al ser, como una búsqueda categorial sino más bien que lo ontológico se enraíza en la existencia; de tal manera que, se hace alusión a  la obra de Butler (2006b)  para tratar de evitar que  la elucubración filosófica se quede en lo conceptual nominal, desvirtuando el enfoque existencial.
De l'éducation thérapeutique du patient à la littératie en santé
Authors: Balcou-Debussche Maryvette
Published: January 2021

L’éducation thérapeutique proposée aux personnes malades chroniques est analysée ici comme un espace transitionnel qui s’inscrit à la croisée de plusieurs mondes de vie.
Modelo instruccional Blended- Flipped: personalización, flexibilización y metacognición para la nivelación en inglés en la educación superior
Authors: Caro Torres María Catalina , Parra Pérez Diana Angélica , Averanga Murillo Alfredo José , Corredor Plazas Nelson Javier , Medina Riveros Rosa Alejandra
Published: January 2021

Este artículo de investigación presenta una exploración de un modelo instruccional híbrido y de aula invertida para el aprendizaje de inglés como lengua extranjera y sus alcances en la atención de las necesidades de nivelación de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios. El modelo nace como una estrategia de éxito académico para estudiantes universitarios que requieren estudiar inglés con una opción ajustable tanto a sus procesos de aprendizaje como a sus circunstancias de vida. Con un enfoque de corte cualitativo, se recolectaron los datos y se siguieron los postulados propuestos en la teoría fundamentada para el análisis constante y la codificación de los datos. Los resultados de investigación indican que los estudiantes perciben que el modelo instruccional híbrido-invertido les permitió superar barreras afectivas y de tiempo, mediante la flexibilidad y la personalización, además de incentivar comportamientos metacognitivos. Lo anterior permitió a los investigadores concluir que el modelo propuesto favorece el aprendizaje de inglés y que su enfoque híbrido-invertido demuestra que la tecnología es un medio facilitador en el proceso de flexibilización y adaptación de las prácticas de enseñanza a las necesidades de los aprendices de lenguas.
Del lenguaje a lalangue: cruces entre el psicoanálisis y la lingüística
Authors: Savio Ana Karina
Published: January 2021

Este artículo de reflexión indaga las nociones de lengua, lenguaje y lalangue en las enseñanzas de Lacan. En primer lugar, interroga el término lenguaje en la definición de inconsciente. Por ello, problematiza la distinción entre lengua y lenguaje en los desarrollos teóricos de Saussure (2007), Benveniste (2004) y Jakobson (1985). En segundo lugar, estudia el neologismo lalangue en este discurso para pensar qué matices agrega este término. Como resultado de este trabajo, se advierte que la noción delenguaje es más adecuada que la de lengua para aludir al inconsciente. En efecto, el lenguaje es considerado un fenómeno complejo, que no resulta aprehensible con facilidad. Sobre la lalangue, se evidencian cinco ejes con los que se articula: los equívocos, el inconsciente, la interpretación, el laleo y el síntoma.
Sobre la opresión de las mujeres por parte de otras mujeres: una zona gris en la relación madre e hija
Authors: Acevedo Zapata Diana María
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo de reflexión es describir una zona de opresión opaca y gris, en la que las palabras encubren el daño y se prestan para un sistema de complicidades y responsabilidades compartidas. Para ello haré uso del concepto de “zona gris” de Primo Levi, en la interpretación de Claudia Card, para aproximarme a la condición ambigua de una víctima que se convierte en perpetradora. Me interesa ilustrar un ejemplo de cómo funciona la producción del daño a las mujeres a través de los discursos o la palabra, es decir, la ejecución de la opresión en contextos en los que las mujeres, al ser víctimas del patriarcado, somos al tiempo replicadoras del mismo. Exploro particularmente la retórica de la protección, en boca de una madre que ha sufrido el daño en su condición de mujer, y cómo esta reproduce los patrones de victimización sobre su hija, en la novela En diciembre llegaban las brisas de Marvel Moreno. Utilizaré una perspectiva interseccional para analizar la forma en que la raza, la clase y el género se entrecruzan de formas complejas en el contexto de la relación madre e hija. Mostraré que la opresión sistemática vinculada al género, la raza y la clase tiene efectos en la vida cotidiana de las mujeres, al feminizar y racializar nuestros cuerpos, mentes, experiencias y los marcos que las dotan de sentido. Todo esto puede ocurrir sin que quienes ejercen daño sobre las mujeres tengan la intención de ejercerlo e incluso puede suceder desde “las mejores intenciones”; en ocasiones la violencia se ejerce, se reproduce, amplía y transforma a través de las palabras, por medio de discursos formativos bienintencionados.
Creencias y percepciones de los estudiantes sobre la competencia comunicativa intercultural del programa de Licenciatura en Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad del Valle
Authors: Patiño Rojas Diana Marcela , Conde Borrero Cindy , Espinosa González Liana
Published: January 2021

El principal objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es identificar las creencias y percepciones sobre el concepto de competencia comunicativa intercultural de los estudiantes de la licenciatura en Lenguas Extranjeras de la Universidad del Valle. A partir de las perspectivas teóricas de Byram y Liddicoat y Scarino, este estudio de caso de tipo mixto busca establecer un panorama claro de la cuestión con el fin de hacer propuestas de intervención a futuro, que impliquen cambios importantes en los diseños de los programas de curso de la licenciatura. Los resultados de esta investigación permiten constatar que, a pesar del impacto positivo del trabajo sobre el componente cultural en los cursos de lengua, aún falta integrar estrategias didácticas que le permitan a los estudiantes desarrollar habilidades interculturales más allá de saberes declarativos sobre la cultura.
El conflicto entre vidas en derecho penal
Authors: Sánchez Dafauce Mario
Published: January 2021

Se distinguen en este trabajo dos modelos de conflictos entre vidas. Ambos actúan como dos niveles en la solución de un caso: solo si el primero falla se pasa al segundo. El primero es el estado de necesidad objetivo. Es objetivo porque está basado en una ponderación favorable y porque esa ponderación permite la intervención justificada de terceros ajenos al conflicto. Aquí se incluyen la comunidad de peligro y casos extremos como la evitación de masacres. El segundo es el estado de necesidad subjetivo (personal). Es personal porque carece de una ponderación favorable y se basa, exclusivamente, en la inexigibilidad de otra conducta.
El bien jurídico protegido en el delito de defraudación o evasión tributaria. Una visión desde las legislaciones colombiana y española
Authors: Forero Hernández Carlos
Published: January 2021

El presente texto analiza el principio de generalidad del tributo en Colombia (numeral 9, artículo 95, Constitución Política de 1991), el delito de defraudación o evasión tributaria creado por la Ley de Financiamiento (artículo 63, Ley 1943 de 2018), así como la ubicación de este tipo penal en la parte especial del Código Penalcolombiano (Título XV, de los delitos contra la administración pública) y en el Código Penalespañol (Título XIV, de los delitos contra la hacienda pública y contra la seguridad social) en virtud del bien jurídico protegido. Se considera conveniente reubicar el delito tributario de defraudación o evasión tributaria dentro del Título X del Código Penalcolombiano, de los delitos contra el orden económico social, pues así se facilita su estudio y aplicación. Este tema tiene un enfoque interdisciplinar que vincula el derecho penal y el derecho tributario, de manera que se aborda desde la óptica del derecho penal tributario.
On the Stability of the Plane Movement of Mobile Robots with Walking Propulsion Devices Working in "Pulling" Mode
Authors: Briskin E. S. , Kalinin Ya. V. , Artemyev K. S.
Published: January 2021

Mobile robots with walking propulsion devices operating in a "pulling" mode, which, as a rule, are unstable, are considered. It is explained to the jamming of propulsion device due to the orthogonality of the acting force to the virtual displacement of the point of application. The task is to develop such an algorithm for controlling the robot, which consists in purposefully changing the geometric orientation of the propulsion devices controlled by the swing drive, which will ensure stable motion. A method for controlling the orientation of the walking plane with its initial deviation from the programmed position is proposed, based on the implementation of a discrete control algorithm, which provides for the introduction of such a piecewise constant function at each step of the mover, which has received an initial perturbation, which will provide a stable motion mode in a finite number of steps. The change in the orientation of the walking planes of the propellers connected with the steering is controlled, and thereby the direction of movement of the robot body changes in the first step, as in the subsequent ones. The described algorithm assumes the fulfillment of two necessary conditions: the presence of an information-measuring system that controls the orientation of the walking planes and ensuring that the interaction forces of the feet controlled by the steering of the propulsion devices with the supporting surface are sufficient for the absence of slippage. An algorithm for controlling "dependent" propulsion devices (working out the programmed translational motion of the body) is presented, taking into account the fact that their orientation depends on the orientation of the controlled ones, which consists in changing the step length, which should also be determined to ensure movement stability. The main task of controlling "dependent" propulsion devices, which do not change the orientation of their walking plane at the initial moment of time, is to determine the points for setting the feet by changing the step length, in accordance with the established criteria and design constraints, in particular, energy efficiency, maximum efforts in drives, maximum and minimum stride length. The propulsion device will start to work in a stable "pushing" mode at the final stage of motion correction, by performing a sequence of actions. It has been established that the "pulling" mode of the walking propulsion device can be stable, with appropriate control.
Computational Study of Heat Transfer Behavior in Fluid-Solid Fluidized Beds.
Authors: Flamarz Sherko
Published: January 2021

Heat transfer in fluid-solid fluidized beds is investigated using a combined of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) approach, incorporated with a thermal model. The approach has taken into account almost all the mechanisms in heat transfer in fluidized beds. A comparison and validation of hydrodynamic and thermal data of fluidized bed obtained using CFD-DEM thermal approach with experimental and numerical results data in the literature is carried out. The simulations results reveal a good thermal steady state during the simulation time for calculating the thermal behaviors of fluidized beds like; the mean particle temperature, bed porosity, heat transfer coefficient and mean particle Reynolds number. The simulations results are showed a good agreement and consistency with the experimental and numerical data in the literatures. Thus, the integration of combined CFD-DEM with the thermal model is a step toward for the prediction, development the heat transfer efficiency in fluid-solid system, and the decrease of energy consumption of the industrial applications.
Compressive Strength of Cement Mortar Modified with Nano-Alumina in Correlation with Different Water-to-Cement Ratios and Curing Periods - A Statistical Analysis
Authors: Abdullah Muhammed , Rafiq Serwan
Published: January 2021

One promising insight to extended service life of cement mortar and improve it is durability by assimilating nano mechanism into the cement-based materials. Regardless of many research studies on the effect of nano alumina on the mechanical performance of cement mortar, there has not been a widespread study examining the effect of nano Al2O3, curing period (t), and water-to-cement ratio (w/c) on the compressive strength (σc) of cement mortar. Consequently, this study explores the subject matter which could be helpful for the building and construction field. In this study, the data collected on the compressive strength of the cement mortar modified with different percentages of nano alumina ranging from 0.5% to 13.5% (by dry weight of the cement) were gathered from the literature. A nonlinear modeling NLM and statistical data analysis were performed on above 500 assembled data. The w/c ratio of the cement mortar varied from 0.3% to 0.79%, and the compressive strength of cement mortar modified with nano alumina and cured for 1,7 and 28 up to 90 days leads to high strength ranged from (10 MPa to 68 MPa). The result of NLM showed that curing period has the highest effect on the compressive strength in combination with water to cement ratio and percentage of nano alumina replacement with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.85.
Tests on workability and strength of high strength-flowable concrete containing PET waste fiber
Authors: Karim Sarkawt , Mohammed Azad
Published: January 2021

This study describes two workability tests, compressive strength and tensile strength tests of high strength flowable concrete containing plastic fiber prepared from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste bottles. For the high fluidity mix Vebe time and V-funnel time tests were carried out. Results show that there is a Vebe time increase with PET fiber addition to concrete being increased with increasing fiber volume and fiber length. V-funnel time was found to reduce when up to 0.75% fiber volume is added to concrete, followed by an increase for larger fiber volumes. When fiber length is increase, there is more time increase, but in general, V-funnel time increase was lower than that of Vebe time, indicating a different influence of PET fiber on the compatibility and flowability. The measured V-funnel time for all mixes was found to conform to the limits of European specifications on the flowability of self compacting concrete. Small descending in compressive strength was recorded for RPET fiber reinforced concrete that reached 15.74 % for 1.5 percent fiber content with 10 mm fiber length. Attractive results was recorded in split tensile strength of RPET fibrous samples which resulted in improvement up to 63.3 % for 1.5 percent of 40 mm fiber length content.
Mechanical Properties of Normal Strength Concrete Containing Different Types of Waste Material as Coarse Aggregate Replacement
Authors: Aziz Parween , Abdulkadir Mohamed
Published: January 2021

In this study, the effect of different types of waste materials on the mechanical properties of normal strength concrete was investigated. Three types of waste material crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick with different percentage up to 15% ( by weight of coarse aggregate) were used. The effect of waste material on the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and static elastic modulus of hardened concrete for 28 days of curing with constant w/c= 0.45 were studied. The maximum loss in concrete compressive strength was recorded to be 54.95%, 50.31%, and 20.41% for concrete mix with 15% crumbed rubber and plastic aggregate and 5% crushed brick particles. Maximum reduction in splitting tensile strength noticed to be 65%, 43.15%, and 13.59% for 15% replacement of crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and crushed brick respectively. The maximum loss in static elastic modulus was found to be 48.29%, 27.14, and 11.23% for concrete mix with 15% crumbed rubber, granular plastic, and 5% crushed brick. From test results it is concluded that up to 15% waste material can be safely used to produce this type of recycled concrete.
SHIFTING SOCIAL PREFERENCES TOWARDS MORAL PREJUDICES IN A PROCESS OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION DECISION MAKING
Authors: Kovalenko Alla , Holovina Albina
Published: January 2021

This paper presents an analysis of the main theories and results of experimental research in the context of the shifting social preferences towards moral prejudices in a process of resource allocation decision making. Researchers of game theory have found that three motives are included in the decision-making process about resource allocation: social preferences, moral prejudices, and self-interest. Personal interests and moral prejudices are strong predictors in the model of predicting people's social orientations. Moral prejudices, being the distortions created by self-interest, can strongly influence people's social preferences, and even change them to the opposite. As a result, an asymmetric relationship is established between personal interest and moral prejudices in the decision-making process about resource allocation. When moral prejudices become an obstacle to achieving a goal, a person unconsciously distorts the information so that it justifies its actions. These distortions can be manifested in the avoidance of information that interferes with personal interests, the selective selection of information, and even recourse to opposing moral principles. In the long run, all this is expressed in the change of a person's social orientation from altruistic to selfish. These changes in people's social preferences are confirmed by the results of numerous experiments not only in social psychology, but also in social neuropsychology and neuroeconomics. The way to overcome these distortions is to have a clear understanding of the limits of personal interests and an understanding of one's own motives in decisions about resource allocation.
ENSURING PERSONNEL INVOLVEMENT IN COMPANIES’ SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kolobov A. V. , Igumnov E. M. , Naumov D. N.
Published: January 2021

At the present stage of development of society and economy, there is a reassessment of values and guidelines in the field of management. The main resource for the life and development of the company is a person. Every company leader dreams of engaged employees, working harder and better, taking initiative, and high productivity. Engagement is a behavior in which the employee is fully emotionally and intellectually involved in a certain activity, wants to make additional effort. One of the key topics that a modern company leader is interested in is creating a special organizational environment in which people work consciously, look for ways to improve, put their knowledge at the service of the business and take on more responsibility. Therefore, it is very important to focus on the internal environment in which employees interact with each other.

The article examines the relationship between staff involvement and sustainable development of the company. Highly engaged companies have the best financial performance in their industry. The main sources of engagement at the moment are research by consulting companies and, to a lesser extent, practice-oriented publications. The paper analyzes the proposed approaches to increase employee engagement and proposes a comprehensive method for managing employee engagement. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal approach to personnel engagement management.

The objectives of the research are reduced to the description of the method (PDCA), which includes a description of the approach for taking measurements, filling in the incoming questionnaire blocks, taking into account the current situation and the company's strategy, an algorithm for working with the results obtained and examples of practices to increase engagement.

The results of the study are the content of key blocks of assessment, analytical tools for assessing involvement, an algorithm for working with assessment results to make a decision to increase involvement.
Application of small RNAs for plant protection
Authors: Tretiakova Polina Ya. , Soloviev Aleksandr A.
Published: January 2021

Double-stranded small RNAs (dsRNA) perform various regulatory functions via RNA-interference. Additionally, they can be transported between various plant species and their pathogens and pests via extracellular vesicles, protecting RNA from nucleases. Plants secrete short dsRNA molecules to defend themselves against pathogens. The latter also use small RNAs when infecting crops. Some dsRNAs of pathogens are known as ribonucleic effectors. Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) was shown to be effective when breeding resistant varieties and analyzing plant-pathogen interactions. However, complexity of transgenesis and society fear of genetically modified products make HIGS application difficult. The appearance of a new strategy based on plant spraying with dsRNA gave a new perspective of plant protection. Currently such a strategy requires accurate studying as well as the development of efficient systems stably producing high-quality dsRNA.
Assessment of variability of egg production traits based on analysis of SNP markers and search for traces of selection in the genome of Russian white chickens
Authors: Mitrofanova Olga V. , Dementieva Natalia V. , Fedorova Elena S. , Pozovnikova Marina V. , Tyshchenko Valentina I. , Shcherbakov Yuriy S. , Plemyashov Kirill V.
Published: January 2021

Objective. To assess the variability of egg production traits for nine SNPs, to search for traces of selection in the genome of Russian white chickens based on ROH patterns.
Methods. The material for the study was DNA isolated from the blood of Russian white chickens (n = 141). Nine SNPs associated with egg production at p 5.16 105 according to GWAS data were selected for analysis. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes, the relationship between genotypes and characteristics of egg production were calculated, and ROH patterns were identified.
Results. Significant differences between genotypes were found in terms of age of laying the first egg (p 0.005) and egg weight (p 0.05). The genomic regions surrounding the target SNPs were analyzed according to the distribution of homozygous regions in them.
Conclusions. The substitutions rs317565390 and rs16625488 located in the 4.810.2 Mb region on chromosome 8 showed polymorphism, despite the fact that homozygous loci in this region of the genome are found in 58% of animals. For most SNPs, the prevalence of the frequency of one of the alleles was observed. As a cluster of increased selection pressure, a chick genome region in the 4.810.2 Mb region on chromosome 8 was identified.
Muscle atrophy in case of joint and bone suffering
Authors: Popov N. M.
Published: January 2021

The question of muscle atrophies is one of the most interesting questions of the nervous clinic, and although we already had to dwell on it several times during our course, I take pleasure in taking advantage of the opportunity presented to me today to touch on it again. I wish that I am glad that the analysis of the patient that you see here will allow me to significantly replenish your information.
Carvallo. Influence de la temperature sur la fatigue des nerfs moteurs de la grenouille. Journ. de Physiol. et. de pat-hol. generale. T II p. 549 1900. Influence of temperature on fatigue of motor nerves of a frog
Authors: Polumordvinov D.
Published: January 2021

At the present time, there is a clearly expressed tendency to examine the activity of the nerves subject to other laws than those that govern the activity of the rest of the body tissues. Since the time of the study of Bernstein, Vvedensky and Bovdich, most of the physiologists speak out for the fatigue of the nerves.
Chronicle and mix
Authors: Nikolaev V. V.
Published: January 2021

We have received two books of the new "Journal of Neuropathology and Psychiatry named after S. S. Korsakov". The edition is very neat, the content is interesting, the section of abstracts is very complete and detailed. The editorial board of the new journal, in addition to professors, included almost all privat- docents of nervous and mental illnesses of Moscow University. The journal is the organ of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists, which is attached to the Moscow University. All this taken together serves as a guarantee of the success of the new magazine, which will undoubtedly occupy one of the prominent places among the periodicals of our special literature.
Predicting the remaining useful life in the presence of the regime-switching behaviour of health index using distance-based evidence theory
Authors: Ramezani S , Moini A , Riahi M , Marquez A C
Published: January 2021

With the development of new maintenance techniques based on condition monitoring, diagnostic and prognostic methods are also being extended. In the process of estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) using the data-driven approach, it is difficult to determine the degradation state
of the equipment with several sources of information and to predict the remaining useful life with non-smooth data that have sudden changes inherent in the monitoring data. In this paper, a procedure is presented to address these two issues in which the degradation state of the equipment is
determined in the presence of several information sources using a combination of the fuzzy c-means clustering and the combination rules of the Dempster-Shafer theory, and the prediction of the data for the estimation of the remaining useful life is carried out using an autoregressive Markov
regime-switching (ARMRS) model that is capable of dealing with sudden changes in condition monitoring data. To evaluate the proposed model, the bearing dataset of the FEMTO-ST Institute is used. The experimental results show the high competitiveness of the proposed procedure compared to similar
methods.
Kandungan Nutrisi dan Bioaktif Rumput Laut (Euchema cottonii) dengan Metode Rakit Gantung pada Kedalaman Berbeda
Authors: Safia Waode , Budiyanti  , Musrif
Published: January 2021

Industri makanan, kosmetik, farmasi, tekstil, dan pertanian memanfaatkan bahan baku yang berasal dari rumput laut sebagai sumber agar, karagenan, dan alginat yang digunakan sebagai stabilisator, pengental, pembentuk gel, pengemulsi, dan sebagainya. Kadar nutrisi dan senyawa bioaktif rumput laut bervariasi tergantung jenis, penanganan, umur panen, dan lokasi perairan sebagai tempat budidayanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kedalaman rakit gantung yang optimal dalam menghasilkan nutrisi dan senyawa bioaktif rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dan masing-masing kelompok terdri dari tiga perlakuan. Pengelompokan berdasarkan jarak dari garis pantai terdiri atas tiga kelompok yaitu: kelompok I (mulai dari garis pantai sampai surut terendah; kelompok II (100 m dari garis surut terendah) dan kelompok III (100 m dari kelompok II) dengan 3 perlakuan kedalaman yang berbeda yakni kedalaman 0,5 m, 1 m, dan 2 m. Parameter yang diuji adalah kadar protein, lemak, abu, air, dan karbohidrat serta senyawa bioaktif. Kandungan nutrisi yang tertinggi terdapat pada penempatan rakit gantung kedalaman 1 m yaitu protein sebesar 4,16±0,61%, lemak 0,36±0,23%, air 23,22±16,49%, abu 43,49±9,23% dan karbohidrat 25,50±6,06%. Sedangkan senyawa fitokimia pada semua kedalaman dan kelompok mengandung flavonoid, fenol hidrokuinon, dan tanin. Parameter kualitas air semua berada pada kisaran yang layak untuk pertumbuhan E.cottonii, kecuali kadar fosfat yang berkisar 0,0037–0,0041 ppm.
Optimasi Penggunaan Karagenan dan Kalsium Sulfat pada Pembuatan Tahu Sutra dalam Penembangan Pangan Fungsional
Authors: Palupi Nurheni Sri , Indrastuti Nindya Atika , Uju  , Syamsir Elvira
Published: January 2021

Wedang tahu merupakan olahan tradisional kombinasi antara tahu sutra yang disiram dengan kuah jahe. Kedelai dan jahe yang menjadi bahan baku utama dalam pembuatan wedang tahu memiliki sifat fungsional bagi tubuh bila dikonsumsi. Hal ini menjadikan wedang tahu berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pangan fungsional. Mutu tekstur tahu sutra menjadi salah satu faktor penentu kualitas wedang tahu. Penambahan karagenan pada pembuatan tahu sutra diharapkan dapat meningkatkan mutu tekstur tahu sutra yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kombinasi konsentrasi kalsium sulfat dan karagenan sehingga diperoleh nilai respon rendemen dan tekstur yang optimal menggunakan program Design Expert 7.0. Penentuan formula optimal didasarkan pada hasil pengamatan secara visual (subjektif) yang dikorelasikan dengan hasil pengukuran tekstur secara objektif menggunakan TA-XT2i Texture Analyzer. Formula optimal kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji sensori, uji proksimat, perhitungan angka kecukupan gizi (AKG), uji tekstur dan uji sineresis. Formula optimal yang direkomendasikan adalah kombinasi kalsium sulfat sebanyak 0,45% dan karagenan 0,10% dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0,75. Formula optimal tersebut memiliki nilai rendemen sebesar 85,36%, kekerasan sebesar 173,60 gf, daya kohesif sebesar 0,07; elastisitas sebesar 0,54; dan daya kunyah sebesar 6,58 gf.
Концептуализация понятия “Европейский дом”: французский акцент
Authors: Симонов Юрий , Королев Андрей
Published: January 2021

“Единый европейский дом” (maison commune européenne) – политический проект и стратегия гражданского общества, основанная на приоритете культурной общности народов Европы по отношению к национально-государственным формам их интеграции. Цель этого исследования – проследить особенности концептуализации данного понятия в качестве одной из форм политической мифологии (политическая метафора), питаемой медийным и художественным дискурсами. Новизна исследования состоит в обращении к анализу политической метафоры “европейский дом” на материале творчества известного французского писателя М. Уэльбека. Деконструкция этой метафоры, предпринятая Уэльбеком, помогает проследить трансгрессию политического мифа о “европейском доме” как 1) “большой Европе от Гибралтара до Урала” и 2) тождественного ЕС политического союза. Созданный самим Уэльбеком образ “дома” отражает новые ракурсы переживания европейцами “новых ценностей”. Он выявляет проблему отторжения “новой” (общеевропейской) идентичности, декларирует отказ от сведения культуры к ее политическим проекциям. Выявлена близость художественной оптики романов М. Уэльбека к приемам современной имагологии, прослежена аргументация исключительного значения литературных образов в создании образа страны как элемента политического сознания. Результаты исследования позволяют по-новому взглянуть на дискуссии, которые ведутся во Франции в связи с “политическим измерением” творчества М. Уэльбека, а также уточнить значение литературы в качестве эмпирического и теоретического источника политической теории.
Classification of maternal mortality by ICD-MM: a retrospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Ekka Anju R. , Jogi Sangeeta R.
Published: January 2021

Background: Sustainable development goal 3 (SDG 3) includes an ambitious target of reducing the global maternal mortality rate (MMR) to less than 70 per 100 000 births by 2030. To reach this target, countries need an accurate picture of the levels and causes of maternal deaths. A standardization of the cause of death attribution will improve interpretation of data on maternal mortality, analysis on the causes of maternal death, and allocation of resources and programmes intended to address maternal mortality. International classification of diseases-maternal mortality (ICD-MM) has proven to be easily applicable and helps clarify the cause of maternal death.Methods: Retrospective study of 142 maternal death cases was done in a tertiary medical centre (medical college) from December 2017 to November 2020 for determining the causes of maternal death and their classification according to ICD-MM.Results: Direct causes of maternal deaths were observed in 82.39% cases whereas indirect causes were present in remaining 17.61% cases. Hypertensive disorders (35.92%), obstetric haemorrhage (26.06%) and pregnancy related infection (14.79%) constituted the major groups of direct cause of maternal deaths whereas anaemia was the most common indirect cause (7.75%).Conclusions: Hypertensive disorders (35.92%), obstetric haemorrhage (26.06%) and pregnancy related infection (14.79%) were the major causes of direct obstetric death and anaemia (7.75%) was the most common cause of indirect obstetric death. All of these causes are preventable with targeted interventions. Reducing maternal mortality is one of the key targets within the SDG and ICD-MM is a valuable tool for uniform and standard classification of maternal deaths as well as for developing strategies for reducing maternal death. Training on cause of death certification, maternal death surveillance and response (MDSR) documentation and use of ICD is essential to enable consistent application of ICD coding and improve data collection and analysis.
Borderline oligohydramnios in term pregnancy and it's relation with pregnancy outcome
Authors: Vennila M. , Deepika S.
Published: January 2021

Background: Oligohydramnios can lead to contamination of amniotic fluid, fetal distress, neonatal asphyxia, aspiration pneumonia, increased perinatal mortality and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Because of atypical clinical symptoms, the critical point is to treat patients with oligohydramnios in late pregnancy. The objectives of the research were to study the mode of delivery/rate of operative interference/incidence of cesarean section due to fetal distress/non-reassuring fetal heart rate status in cases of term pregnancy with borderline amniotic fluid index (AFI), and to study the perinatal outcome in cases of term pregnancy with borderline AFI.Methods: The study is a prospective comparative study to be conducted in patients attending antenatal clinic at department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Tirunelveli government medical college hospital from from January 2018 till January 2019 (12 months). Data collected with regards to age, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status, detailed history including patient’s complaints, duration of complaints, menstrual and obstetric history, significant past, family and personal history. 265 cases of borderline oligohydramnios were detected of which 150 cases were selected for the study after applying exclusion criteria.Results: APGAR scores between the two groups. The mean APGAR scores of the normal group were 8.3±0.7 and the same of the borderline AFI group was 8.0±0.9. The difference between the means was statistically highly significant (p<0.01).Conclusions: Cumulative analysis of various studies, it will be reasonable to conclude that antepartum surveillance for borderline oligohydramnios is indicated in cases associated with fetal growth restriction or suboptimal fetal growth.
Characteristics of femur fracture patients at Sanjiwani general hospital Gianyar in 2019
Authors: Dwipayana Anak Agung Ngurah Krisna , Premana Kadek Yoga , Wisnawan I. Made Yedi
Published: January 2021

Background: Fracture is a discontinuity of bone which is often followed by damage to the surrounding soft tissue, such as blood vessels, muscles, and nerves. World health organization (WHO) stated that there are 5.6 million people died due to fractures and 1.3 million people suffering fractures due to traffic accidents in 2011-2012. One of the most common fractures on lower extremities due to severe trauma is femur fracture. Femur fracture is usually caused by trauma due to pressure that exceeds the capacity of the femur. Femur fracture today is still common and remains one of the major challenges for orthopaedists. Although management in orthopaedic had been growing rapidly, the one-year mortality rate post-trauma is still high, about 10-20%. This study aims to determine the characteristic of femur fracture patients at Sanjiwani hospital Gianyar in 2019.Methods: This study is a retrospective descriptive study that aims to identify the characteristic of femur fracture patients at Sanjiwani hospital Gianyar in 2019. The samples of this study were collected using total sampling technique. The data was obtained from medical record of patients diagnosed with femur fracture at Sanjiwani hospital Gianyar during January-December 2019. Variables in this study including age, sex, cause of femur fractures, type of fractures, and location of the fractures. All obtained data will be analysed using SPSS statistics 22 software.Results The result of this study showed that most of samples are male with 26 peoples (61.9%) and age group is 21-30 years old is the most common age group with 11 peoples (26.2%). Close fracture is the most common fracture type with 38 peoples (90.5%) and located in the middle shaft of femur with 20 peoples (47.6%).Conclusions: In conclusion, the most common characteristic of femur fracture patients at Sanjiwani hospital Gianyar in 2019 is male, age 21-30 years old, closed fracture and located in the middle shaft of the femur.
Unspecified severe mental and behavior disorder associated with puerperium (postpartum psychosis) in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a case report
Authors: Herlimus Fransiskus T. , Wardani Ida Aju K. , Widyadharma I. Putu E.
Published: January 2021

Postpartum psychosis (PP) is the most severe peripartum mood disorder. PP incidence is rare and affecting about 0.1-0.2% of postpartum mothers. Many factors aggravate the mental condition of the mothers after the labor, including posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) that can cause the new mother suddenly become shocked. In this case report, a 21 years old married housewife was referred from Mangusada regional general hospital with complaints of sadness and restlessness (screaming). During history taking, the patient often screamed that she wants to see her child, she feels uncomfortable, and wants to die if it continued like this (unable to see and move at all). These complaints occurred at 8 days post-cesarean section. The patient couldn’t sleep, had any appetite, and restless for 2 days. The patient had much thought about her child’s condition and herself, but not clearly understood. Neurological examination found GCS E4V5Mx, visual acuity 1/300 ODS and weakness on all four extremities. The mental status examination found improper general appearance, looks sad, inadequate eye contact, mixed type insomnia, hypobulia, and raptus. The patient was diagnosed with unspecified severe mental and behavior disorder associated with puerperium (postpartum psychosis), given haloperidol tablet 0.75 mg every 12 hours orally and the non-pharmacological therapy was family psychoeducation and supportive psychotherapy. PRES can cause a mother stressful enough to manifest PP, it should be treated as early as possible to achieve complete recovery.
Legal regulation of investments in agriculture
Authors: Sergeevich Shpinev Iurii
Published: January 2021

The article deals with current problems of legal regulation of investment relations in the agricultural sector of the national economy, including leasing of agricultural machinery, agricultural territories with a special regime of business activity, as well as issues of regulation of digitalization of the agroindustrial complex.