bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fusion of Multi-Focus Images Based on the Complex Shearlet Features-Motivated Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Wang Lei , Liu ZhouQi , Huang Jin , Liu Cong , Zhang LongBo , Liu ChunXiang
Published: July 2021

The traditional methods for multi-focus image fusion, such as the typical multi-scale geometric analysis theory-based methods, are usually restricted by sparse representation ability and the transferring efficiency of the fusion rules for the captured features. Aiming to integrate the partially focused images into the fully focused image with high quality, the complex shearlet features-motivated generative adversarial network is constructed for multi-focus image fusion in this paper. Different from the popularly used wavelet, contourlet, and shearlet, the complex shearlet provides more flexible multiple scales, anisotropy, and directional sub-bands with the approximate shift invariance. Therefore, the features in complex shearlet domain are more effective. With of help of the generative adversarial network, the whole procedure of multi-focus fusion is modeled to be the process of adversarial learning. Finally, several experiments are implemented and the results prove that the proposed method outperforms the popularly used fusion algorithms in terms of four typical objective metrics and the comparison of visual appearance.
Functional Analysis of the Differences in the Dimensions of Two Types of Boiled and Steamed Rice Grains
Authors: Krzyśko Mirosław , Wołyński Waldemar , Domin Marek , Hanusz Zofia , Rydzak Leszek , Smaga Łukasz , Wojtyła Andrzej
Published: July 2021

The study tested how the cooking process can change the dimensions of rice grains. The impact of set times of cooking or steaming process on the characteristics such as length, width, and height of two varieties of rice, namely, long-grain white and parboiled, was investigated. The measurements of the dimension characteristics obtained at different times of the cooking process were converted to functional data. Different methods of multivariate functional data analysis, namely, functional multivariate analysis of variance, functional discriminant coordinates, and cluster analysis, were applied to discover the differences between the two varieties and the two heat treatment methods.
Constraints of Adoption of Agricultural Extension Package Technologies on Sorghum Crop Production at Smallholder Farm Household Level: Evidence from West Hararghe Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Shako Muhammed , Dinku Adunea , Mosisa Waktola
Published: July 2021

An effective and efficient agricultural extension system can enhance the agricultural productivity and production of smallholders through the development of innovative, systematic, and farmer-owned agricultural extensions. This study identified major constraints of adoption of agricultural extension package technologies such as adoption of inorganic and organic fertilizers, improved seeds, row planting, and crop protection chemicals at smallholder household level on sorghum crop production. The study used cross-sectional survey data collected from 201 sample respondent household farmers. To analyze data, descriptive statistics, ranking indexes, graphs, and tables were used. The study identified the major constraints of agricultural extension package technologies. High price, problem of on-time provision, shortage and uneven distribution of rainfall, and problem of accessibility were the major constraints that hinder the use of inorganic fertilizer. Using sources of organic fertilizer for other purposes, insufficient availability, undeveloped infrastructure, and facilities and requirement of more labor were the major constraints to the use of organic fertilizer.
Model Tests on Y-Shaped Piles under Compressive and Lateral Loading in Saturated Sand
Authors: Ren Lian-wei , Yang Quan-wei , Kong Gang-qiang , Dun Zhi-lin , Wang Xin-yu
Published: July 2021

Y-shaped piles are a new type of pile whose cross-section is like the letter Y: they are often used in ground improvement for road or train subgrades in the eastern coastal region of China. To investigate the bearing behaviour of Y-shaped piles in saturated sand, a series of model tests under compressive and horizontal load for Y-shaped piles,

C

1

circular pile (the same cross-sectional area of Y-shaped pile), and

C

2

circular pile (the same perimeter of Y-shaped pile) were carried out. Comparative analysis was conducted on bearing capacity, axial force and side resistance distribution, load sharing ratio, bending moment, and lateral soil pressure distribution along the embedded length. The results show that the bearing capacity of a Y-shaped pile does not increase in proportion, and the shaft resistance is weakened to some extent in saturated sand; Y-shaped pile can effectively improve the compressive bearing capacity for the same amount of concrete. The lateral bearing capacity of a Y-shaped pile has directionality, and hanging a circular section into a Y-shaped section may improve the horizontal bearing capacity for the same amount concrete, but cannot give full play to the advantage of the larger side area for horizontal bearing capacity in saturated sand.
Rehabilitation Evaluation of Hemiplegic Patients with Anterior Circulation Cerebral Infarction Based on Cranial Magnetic Stimulation
Authors: Tao Zhengde , Rao Gaofeng , Wu Shasha , Lin Yongqiang , Wang Jinqiao , Chen Zhirui
Published: July 2021

Cerebral infarction is a common cerebrovascular disease in clinical medicine. Cerebral infarction in the anterior circulation accounts for about 90% of cerebral infarction. Its treatment and rehabilitation has always been a research hotspot in the medical field. Functional retraining can enhance the afferent impulses received by receptors, make the plasticity development of cerebral cortex function, and improve the loss of function. Based on the patient’s individual condition, exercise therapy carries out the corresponding comprehensive functional training plan, which also includes the training of patients’ daily living ability, turning over, bridge exercise, trunk rotation, etc., in order to improve the motor function of patients. The other is psychotherapy, which can cause emotional fluctuations, depression, anxiety, and other negative emotions due to the occurrence of diseases. In the rehabilitation treatment, relevant personnel can conduct psychological counseling for patients through timely and effective communication, so as to better establish patients’ confidence in rehabilitation and improve the effect of rehabilitation treatment. The third is acupuncture treatment. Acupuncture is a traditional rehabilitation treatment in China. The rehabilitation effect of stroke has been proved by a large number of clinical practice. Acupuncture at Hegu, Quchi, Zusanli, and Taichong points can dredge channels and improve blood circulation. This paper mainly studies and analyzes the effect of behavior rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients with cerebral anterior circulation infarction treated by cranial magnetic stimulation. The rehabilitation treatment status of hemiplegic patients with anterior circulation cerebral infarction in a hospital was selected, and 100 cases were studied. Among them, 50 cases were treated with conventional rehabilitation therapy, and the other 50 cases were treated with cranial magnetic stimulation. The motor function, activities of daily living, and language expression ability of the two groups were compared for statistical analysis. After transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment, the abilities of the study group were better than those of the control group,

P
<
0.05

, with statistical significance. Based on the reliable experimental data, we can draw a conclusion that the treatment of cranial magnetic stimulation has a significant effect on the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients with cerebral anterior circulation infarction, which is higher than the conventional treatment and rehabilitation methods, and can be popularized in clinical application.
The Role of Areca catechu Extract on Decreasing Viscosity of Vegetable Oils
Authors: Wardoyo  , Widodo Agung S. , Wijayanti Widya , Wardana I. N. G.
Published: July 2021

The direct use of vegetable oil is constrained by vegetable oils’ viscosity, which is relatively high. Therefore, this study discusses reducing the vegetable oils viscosity molecularly, using natural additives of Areca extract. The role of Areca extract on diminishing the viscosity of vegetable oil was simulated utilizing HyperChem software. Then, the viscosity was verified using the ASTM D445 method. The results show that the epicatechin in the Areca extract generates a local magnetic field on its aromatic ring that plays the role of energizing electron mobility in vegetable oil. On the one hand, increased electron mobility decreases oil polarity but, on the other hand, increases the London force via a temporary dipole charge. Simultaneously, it relaxes oil molecules that tend to increase molecule distance decreasing the London force. Since viscosity is proportional to the London force and oil polarity; thus, these three phenomena determine the role of Areca extract on the oil viscosity. The viscosity reduction is smaller at a larger number of the double bonds in the fatty acid chain since the local magnetic field’s induction on the electron spin is interrupted in the double bonds
[Retracted] Decision‐Making Model of Product Modeling Big Data Design Scheme Based on Neural Network Optimized by Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Hu Ming
Published: July 2021

At present, machine learning artificial neural network technology, as one of the core technologies of enterprises, has received unprecedented attention. This technology is widely used in automatic driving, pattern recognition, teaching aid, product modeling, and other fields. According to the development of product design, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the decision‐making of product design. The neural network optimized by genetic algorithm is studied, and the technical analysis of neural network algorithm before and after optimization is mainly carried out. The basic process of product modeling design model based on image processing under the background of big data is introduced. The multidirectional group decision‐making model of product modeling design scheme in big data cloud environment is constructed. The final decision model can improve the overall design efficiency, shorten the manufacturing period, and provide a new idea for product modeling design.
Investigation on Damage Characteristic and Constitutive Model of Deep Sandstone under Coupled High Temperature and Impact Loads
Authors: Rongrong Zhang , Yi Yang , Dongdong Ma
Published: July 2021

To investigate the coupling damage characteristics of rock after high-temperature treatment under impact load, dynamic uniaxial compression tests for deep sandstone specimen under laboratory conditions varying with high temperature (i.e., 25°C, 100°C, 300°C, 500°C, 700°C, and 900°C) and strain rate (i.e., 170 s-1, 205 s-1, and 240 s-1) were performed using splitting Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) system. Coupling damage variable of deep sandstone was deduced based on the Lemaitre equivalent strain theory. Moreover, the damage parameters of deep sandstone were systematically determined according to the test data, and the effects of high temperature and strain rate on damage growth curves were investigated. Finally, a dynamic compound damage constitutive model, which could consider the coupling damage, was established and verified to describe the dynamic mechanical characteristic of deep sandstone. Theoretical and experimental results indicated that the simulated stress-strain curves matched the test data well and the proposed coupling damage constitutive model could reflect the high temperature-induced weakening and strain rate strengthening effect.
A Drawing System for Pole Diagram and Rose Diagram of Rock Mass Structural Surface
Authors: Hu Gaojian
Published: July 2021

The distribution of structural planes is complex and irregular. How to quickly and effectively obtain the occurrence and distribution characteristics of structural planes and improve the efficiency of data processing is a key technical issue in structural plane analysis. The paper combined fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm, rose diagram drawing method, and C++ language, developed a drawing system for the pole diagram and rose diagram of rock mass structural planes, and verified the practicability of the system through an engineering case analysis. In the article, the fuzzy equivalent clustering of the occurrence of structural planes, the drawing of pole diagram, and the statistical analysis of structural planes were realized based on the fuzzy equivalent clustering algorithm. The rapid drawing of the striking rose diagram, trending rose diagram, and dip rose diagram module were realized based on the rose diagram drawing method. The system integrated the structure plane pole diagram and the occurrence rose diagram together and realized the rapid analysis and drawing of the structure plane.
Minimizing Cost of Assembly of an Interrelated Dimensional Chain Product Using ABC Algorithm
Authors: Sivakumar Mahalingam , Lenin Nagarajan , Jayakrishna Kandasamy , Prasath Natarajan Eswara
Published: July 2021

Selective assembly is a method where components made with wider tolerance are grouped into a number of bins. Based on the best combination of the bin, the corresponding group components are randomly selected and matched together to make an assembly. Existing techniques focused on equal group number partitioning of components, equal probability, equal group width, and equal area methods to minimize either clearance variation or surplus parts using different optimization techniques. Mostly, simple assemblies with two or three components are worked by various authors in the literature without considering their original dimension by considering only their component’s tolerance. In the present work, components are classified into different unequal group numbers based on their tolerance values. The interrelated dimensional assemblies are made in a single stage by matching the parts based on the best bin combination obtained by the artificial bee colony algorithm. A simple linear assembly and a three-armed knuckle joint assembly are considered examples of problems to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by minimizing the manufacturing cost.
Breathlessness and COVID-19: A Call for Research
Authors: Hentsch Lisa , Cocetta Sara , Allali Gilles , Santana Isabelle , Eason Rowena , Adam Emily , Janssens Jean-Paul
Published: July 2021

Breathlessness, also known as dyspnoea, is a debilitating and frequent symptom. Several reports have highlighted the lack of dyspnoea in a subgroup of patients suffering from COVID-19, sometimes referred to as “silent” or “happy hyp­oxaemia.” Reports have also mentioned the absence of a clear relationship between the clinical severity of the disease and levels of breathlessness reported by patients. The cerebral complications of COVID-19 have been largely demonstrated with a high prevalence of an acute encephalopathy that could possibly affect the processing of afferent signals or top-down modulation of breathlessness signals. In this review, we aim to highlight the mechanisms involved in breathlessness and summarize the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and its known effects on the brain-lung interaction. We then offer hypotheses for the alteration of breathlessness perception in COVID-19 patients and suggest ways of further researching this phenomenon.
Metabolic Response to Submaximal and Maximal Exercise in People with Severe Obesity, Prediabetes, and Diabetes
Authors: Battista Francesca , Belligoli Anna , Neunhaeuserer Daniel , Gasperetti Andrea , Bettini Silvia , Compagnin Chiara , Marchese Riccardo , Quinto Giulia , Bergamin Marco , Vettor Roberto , Busetto Luca , Ermolao Andrea
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Metabolic adaptations to maximal physical exercise in people with obesity (PwO) are scarcely described. This cross-sectional study evaluates the metabolic response to exercise via the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in PwO and different degrees of glycemic control. Methods: Eighty-five PwO (body mass index 46.0 [39.0–54.0] kg/m2), that is, 32 normoglycemic (Ob-N), 25 prediabetic (Ob-preDM), and 28 diabetic (Ob-T2DM) subjects and 18 healthy subjects performed an incremental, maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test. The RER was measured at rest (RERrest) and at peak exercise (RERpeak). Results: RERpeak was significantly higher in healthy subjects than that in PwO. Among those, RERpeak was significantly higher in Ob-N than that in Ob-preDM and Ob-T2DM (1.20 [1.15–1.27] vs. 1.18 [1.10–1.22] p = 0.04 and vs. 1.14 [1.10–1.18] p < 0.001, respectively). Accordingly, ΔRER (RERpeak-RERrest) was lower in Ob-preDM and Ob-T2DM than that in Ob-N (0.32 [0.26–0.39] p = 0.04 and 0.29 [0.24–0.36] p < 0.001 vs. 0.38 [0.32–0.43], respectively), while no significant difference was found in ΔRER between Ob-preDM and Ob-T2DM and not even between Ob-N and healthy subjects. Moreover, ΔRER in PwO correlated with glucose area under curve (p = 0.002). Conclusions: PwO demonstrate restricted metabolic response during maximal exercise. Particularly, those with prediabetes already show metabolic inflexibility during exercise, similarly to those with type 2 diabetes. These findings also suggest a potential role of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in detecting early metabolic alterations in PwO.
White Cord Syndrome after Thoracic Cord Decompression in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Carter Lacey M. , Pelargos Panayiotis E. , Gernsback Joanna E.
Published: July 2021

Introduction: White cord syndrome (WCS) is a rare phenomenon which causes acute neurologic deterioration after a chronically compressed spinal cord is surgically decompressed, resulting in a T2-hyperintense signal to appear in the cord. We present the first case of pediatric WCS in the thoracic spine and the first to show complete resolution of symptoms. Case Presentation: A 3-year-old girl presented with difficulty ambulating due to pain caused by T4-8 spinal cord compression from a mass of ganglioneuromatous tissue, consistent with her previously treated mediastinal neuroblastoma. She underwent laminoplasty and microsurgical debulking of the mass. She developed severe bilateral leg weakness on postoperative day 1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed T2 hyperintensity in the spinal cord from T1 to T10 without enhancement, concerning for WCS. She was started on high-dose steroids and monitored. Her strength improved to 3/5 in both legs prior to discharge to inpatient rehabilitation. On the latest follow-up, 4 months after surgery, she did not demonstrate any neurologic deficits and was ambulating well. Follow-up MRIs have showed continued improvement in the T2 hyperintensity. Discussion/Conclusion: Most cases in the literature occur in older adults with chronic cervical compression. Only 1 pediatric case, caused by a cervical arachnoid cyst, has been reported and only resulted in partial improvement. Our case is the first pediatric case of WCS to occur in the thoracic spine, the first pediatric case to demonstrate complete resolution, and the first case of any age to start to establish a length of time the compression is needed to be at risk for WCS.
Performance of the Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale in Screening Mild Cognitive Impairment at an Outpatient Setting
Authors: Manjavong Manchumad , Limpawattana Panita , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is defined as the symptomatic pre-dementia phase on the continuum of cognitive decline. Early recognition and application of potential interventions could prevent or delay the progression to dementia. The Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS) shows good performance in the screening of dementia but has limited data regarding its diagnostic properties in the screening of MCI. The objectives of this study were to assess the psychometric properties of the Thai version of the RUDAS (RUDAS-Thai) in the screening of MCI, identify associated factors for the RUDAS performance, and determine the optimal cutoff point in detecting MCI. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from January 2020 to March 2021. Older patients at the outpatient clinic of an internal medicine department at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand were examined. Baseline data were collected, and the RUDAS-Thai was administered to each patient. Afterward, a geriatrician assessed each patient for MCI. Results: A total of 150 patients were included, of whom 42 cases (28%) had MCI. The overall performance of the test using an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.82 (95% confidence interval 0.75–0.89). At the optimal cutoff point of 25/30, the AUC was 0.76 with sensitivity and specificity of 76.2 and 75%, respectively. The educational level affected the test performance according to regression analysis. For patients with years of education ≤6 and >6, the optimal cutoff points were 25/30 and 26/30, respectively. Conclusion: The RUDAS-Thai performed well in differentiating patients with MCI from normal cognition; however, it was affected by educational level. A score of 25/30 or lower for persons with ≤6 years of education or 26/30 or lower for persons with higher than 6 years of education is the optimal cutoff point for indication of developing MCI.
OCT-Angiography for Detection of Choroidal Neovascularization: A Retrospective Real-Life Study
Authors: Bernard Myriam , Messerlin Arnaud , Sauer Arnaud , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Gaucher David
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess OCT-angiography (OCT-A) contribution for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) detection, with respect to multimodal imaging (MMI) modality (including OCT, fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography [ICG]), in a real-life consultation practice. Methods: Data of all consecutive patients undergoing OCT-A examination for CNV suspicion were collected between September 2017 and September 2019 at Strasbourg University Hospital, France. Only eyes which had anti-VEGF injection in the last 3 months were excluded. All types of neovascularization were included. For all patients, data from OCT, OCT-A, FFA, and ICG were interpreted by residents and retinal specialists, independently. Final diagnosis of CNV was based on decision to treat. Sensibility, specificity, and predictive values were computed for OCT-A alone and for MMI (OCT combined to angiography). They were computed for each group. OCT-A was also assessed as “contributory” (i.e., assessing without doubt the presence or absence of CNV) or not, with respect to MMI. Results: In total, 161 eyes of 145 patients were included. MMI sensibility was better than OCT-A sensibility (93.8 vs. 65.6%). OCT-A specificity was better than MMI specificity (96.9 vs. 89.5%). OCT-A was essential for diagnosis in 16.9% of cases. Sensibility and specificity values for all exams were better when interpreted by retinal specialists than residents. OCT-A was judged “contributory” in 57.4% of eyes. OCT-A was significantly less contributory when artefacts were present (32.9% of eyes with artefacts vs. 63.5% without, p < 0.001). Conclusion: OCT-A showed to be essential in diagnosing CNV in >16% of cases. However, it often failed to conclude for the absence of CNV, which obliged to perform more exams such as angiography. OCT-A must be part of diagnostic procedure for CNV detection but does not discard angiography in everyday life practice.
Aspirin I.V. Loading during Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Naguib David , Helten Carolin , Zako Saif , Mourikis Philipp , M’Pembele René , Trojovsky Kajetan , Ahlbrecht Samantha , Zikeli Dorothee , Zeus Tobias , Kelm Malte , Dannenberg Lisa , Polzin Amin
Published: July 2021

Additional loading dose of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) during percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) despite permanent oral ASA medication is frequently applicated. The impact on platelet reactivity and clinical events is not known. In this pilot study, we aimed to analyze high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) to aspirin in patients undergoing elective PCI. Platelet reactivity was measured using light-transmission aggregometry in 100 patients on permanent low-dose ASA medication undergoing elective PCI. Platelet reactivity measured by arachidonic acid-induced maximum of aggregation (MoA) in patients with versus without additional peri-procedural ASA loading (500 mg i.v.) was compared. HTPR was defined as MoA >20% for ASA. Major adverse cerebro- and cardiovascular events (MACCEs) and bleeding events were evaluated during hospital course. HTPR rate was similar in both groups (HTPR to ASA: loading vs. control 6% vs. 16%, odds ratio [OR] = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.08–1.35, p = 0.12). In-hospital MACCEs were not different between groups (MACCE: loading vs. control: 0 vs. 0 patient, OR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.03–67.95, p = 0.89). Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction minimal bleedings were numerically higher in patients without ASA loading dose. In this pharmacodynamic pilot study, additional ASA loading did not reduce HTPR to ASA. Furthermore, ASA loading did not increase in-hospital MACCE and bleeding complications.
The Association between Changes in Low Parathyroid Hormone Levels and Cardiac Function Decline in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Lu Xiao-han , Li Meng-si , Li Yao-yao , Zheng Yan-dan , Wu Xiao-yan , Gao Ping
Published: July 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between changes in low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and cardiac function decline in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods: A total of 150 MHD patients were included and followed for 24 months. The enrolled patients were divided into 3 groups based on their PTH status at baseline and 24 months. Factors potentially involved in changes in the PTH level and cardiac function were compared using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: At 24 months, the presence of low PTH levels increased by 26.7%. The main independent factors for low PTH levels were a low BMI, hemoglobin, and serum albumin and high serum calcium (p < 0.05). A persistently low PTH level at 24 months was associated with a decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and increase in valvular calcification (p < 0.05). Additionally, a decrease in PTH levels from normal or high to low values was associated with a decrease in LVEF and cardiac output (CO) and an increase in valvular calcification (p < 0.05). Furthermore, compared with those of the persistently low PTH level group, LVEF values were lower at 24 months in the group with a decrease from high/normal to low PTH level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Persistently low PTH levels and changes in the PTH level from high/normal to low were associated with cardiac function decline in MHD patients. Moreover, a PTH level change from high/normal to low showed a stronger correlation with cardiac function decline.
O drama do antitestemunho: Świadkowie albo Nasza Mała Stabilizacja (As Testemunhas ou Nossa Pequena Estabilização), de Tadeusz Różewicz
Authors: Souza Marcelo Paiva de
Published: July 2021

Após algumas considerações iniciais sobre a recepção do teatro de Tadeusz Różewicz no Brasil, propõe-se a tradução de um fragmento da peça Świadkowie albo Nasza Mała Stabilizacja (As Testemunhas ou Nossa Pequena Estabilização), de 1962. A obra é objeto de uma breve discussão crítica introdutória, e também são discutidas, sucintamente, as balizas e metas que nortearam o processo tradutório, com especial ênfase em seu aspecto de in(ter)venção intercultural, estética e política.
Prognostic Value of Minimal Left Atrial Volume in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Shin Sung‐Hee , Claggett Brian , Inciardi Riccardo M. , Santos Angela B. S. , Shah Sanjiv J. , Zile Michael R. , Pfeffer Marc A. , Shah Amil M. , Solomon Scott D.
Published: July 2021

Background

Maximal left atrial (LA) volume is reported by most echocardiography laboratories and is associated with clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Recent studies suggest that minimal LA volume may better reflect left ventricular filling pressure and may be more prognostic than maximal LA volume. This study assessed the prognostic value of indexed minimal LA volume (LAVImin) in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction.

Methods and Results

We assessed the relationship of LAVImin with a primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, aborted cardiac death, or HF hospitalization in 347 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction enrolled from the Americas region in TOPCAT (Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure With an Aldosterone Antagonist Trial). We compared LAVImin with indexed maximal LA volume with respect to their prognostic values. In addition, we assessed if LA functional parameters provide additional prognostic information over LAVImin. During a median follow‐up of 2.5 years, 107 patients (31%) experienced a primary composite end point. LAVImin was associated with increased risk of a primary composite outcome (hazard ratio [HR], 1.35; 95% CI, 1.12–1.61) and HF hospitalization alone (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17–1.71) after adjusting for clinical confounders and ejection fraction. In contrast, indexed maximal LA volume was not related to the primary composite outcome, but related to HF alone (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.02–1.54). In comparison with indexed maximal LA volume, LAVImin was significantly more prognostic for primary composite outcome (
P
for comparison=0.032). Both LA emptying fraction and LA strain were prognostic of primary outcome independent of LAVImin (all
P
<0.05).

Conclusions

In patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction, LAVImin was more predictive of cardiovascular outcome than indexed maximal LA volume, suggesting this measure may be more physiologically relevant and might better identify patients at high risk for cardiovascular events. LA functional parameters provide prognostic information independent of LAVImin.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00094302.
Molecular characterization of China aster (Callistephus chinensis (L.) Nees) genotypes using SSR markers
Authors: Bhargav Veluru , Kumar Rajiv , Sane Anuradha , Rao T. Manjunatha , Bharathi T. Usha , Shankara K.S. Shiva , Reddy D.C. Lakshmana
Published: July 2021

Understanding genetic diversity in target populations is of great importance in breeding and a prerequisite for association mapping of traits. In this study, 57 cross species simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were screened for amplification in China aster. Twenty six polymorphic markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity in forty two China aster genotypes. The observed and expected heterozygosities within the genotypes were ranged from 0.00 to 0.80 and 0.17 to 0.50, respectively. Weighted Neighbor Joining method, grouped China aster genotypes into five major clusters which coincided for morphological traits mostly flower color and form, but not correlated for their geographical locations. The results suggested that, population may be useful for the genome-wide marker–trait association mapping. These set of cross species transferable SSR markers would enable the application of the SSR technique in China aster crop improvement.
Panic, pizza and mainstreaming the alt-right: A social media analysis of Pizzagate and the rise of the QAnon conspiracy
Authors: Bleakley Paul
Published: July 2021

The conspiracy theory known as ‘Pizzagate’ gained a cult following on alt-right forums, ultimately prompting one believer to conduct a shooting on the pizzeria identified by online conspiracists. A thematic analysis of 767 tweets referencing Pizzagate selected from five key intervention points in this timeframe reveals several factors influencing Pizzagate’s continued appeal over a four-year period. The article examines how an online alt-right conspiracy collective, QAnon, weaponized Pizzagate as part of its overarching campaign to attract support for President Donald Trump and worked to establish the theory as a popular (albeit false) narrative within the contemporary political zeitgeist.
“Godsplaining”: Toward a Theory of Religious Capital in Political Rhetoric
Authors: Coker Wincharles
Published: July 2021

This paper is an effort at theorizing the neologism godsplaining. The term interrogates the attempt by religious clerics to earn cultural capital by explaining God’s actions and preferences. The paper does so by deconstructing the political rhetoric of two popular Ghanaian prophets, following the outcome of the 2020 presidential and parliamentary elections. Using deconstruction as an analytical tool, the study analyses a 2-hour interview the clerics granted an Accra-based local radio station on its morning show. The analysis showed that the religious leaders engaged in “godsplaining” by employing five basic rhetorical strategies— appeal to prophetic authority, kategoria versus apologia, erotema, biblical allusion, and anecdote in order to defend why their perceived political party either won or lost the 2020 general elections. The analysis revealed that the deliberative rhetoric of the prophets suggested a biased hermeneutic of God’s will in favor of their preferred political affinity. The study has implications for further research in media studies, religious communication, and the question of divinity in partisan politics.
Effects of an 8-Week Intervention Targeting the Veridicality of Actual and Perceived Motor Competence Among Irish Adolescents in Project FLAME
Authors: Philpott Conor , Utesch Till , Belton Sarahjane , Donovan Brian , Chambers Fiona , Lester Diarmuid , O’Brien Wesley
Published: July 2021

High levels of perceived motor competence and low levels of actual motor competence in youth populations have been reported world-wide. Both perceived and actual motor competence have been deemed independent correlates of health and physical activity (PA) behavior, and past research has indicated that their alignment may be linked to more consistent PA. Moreover, there is potential for a movement-based intervention to strengthen the alignment between perceived and actual motor competence, perhaps then guiding future health, PA, and community sport engagement globally. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an 8-week movement-based intervention on increasing the alignment (i.e., veridicality) between PMC and AMC among Irish adolescent youth. We collected data on adolescents ( n = 324; females = 149; M age = 14.5, SD = 0.88 years) across six second-level schools in Ireland, including measurements of actual and perceived, motor competence at pre- and post-intervention. We observed low levels of actual in contrast to high levels of perceived motor competence. We found a small but significant veridical alignment between perceived and actual motor competence, but there was no intervention effect on alignment. Future research should prioritize a longer intervention duration that targets student learning and understanding in order to develop veridical perceptions in adolescents that might sustain their participation in PA.
Sexual Health Education and Life Satisfaction for People With Congenital Neurological Disabilities
Authors: Kriofske Mainella Alexandra M. , Smedema Susan Miller
Published: July 2021

People with disabilities are sexual beings, yet there is little research on sexuality in this population. The present study explored the impact of sex education for people with congenital neurological disabilities, largely, spina bifida and cerebral palsy, on sexual self-concept and life satisfaction. This study included 104 adults with spina bifida, cerebral palsy, and other congenital neurological disabilities. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationships among demographic variables, sexual health education variables, and outcome variables (sexual self-concept and life satisfaction). Serial mediation analysis was conducted to examine the mediating relationship of sexual self-concept variables (sexual anxiety and sexual self-esteem) between social support and life satisfaction. Results indicated that sexual self-concept was significantly predicted by relationship status, disability impact, and satisfaction with sex education. Life satisfaction was significantly predicted by relationship status, social support, disability impact, and sexual self-concept. Sexual anxiety and sexual self-esteem formed a partial serial mediating relationship between social support and life satisfaction. The findings expand upon existing literature on sex education for people with disabilities, reinforcing the notion that satisfactory sex education and strong social support positively impact the life satisfaction of individuals with spina bifida and cerebral palsy. Implications for rehabilitation research and practice are discussed.
Optimal design for the connector of bridge prefabricated concrete barriers
Authors: Yu Xiaolin , Huang Yifeng , Yang Yong , Chen Yuxuan , Luo Yufan , Jia Buyu
Published: July 2021

The current optimization research on the connectors of prefabricated barriers uses experimental comparisons only and lacks theoretically based optimization methods as guidance. The primary objective of this study was to propose an efficient optimization approach to the connector design of prefabricated bridge barriers. This paper presents an efficient two-stage optimization approach to the connector design of prefabricated bridge barriers. In the first stage, the hybrid cellular automaton algorithm is used to perform dynamic topology optimization on the connector, and the best material distribution in the design domain is obtained. In the second stage, a kriging metamodel and genetic algorithm are combined to further optimize the size of the connector structure. With a prefabricated bridge as the engineering background, finite element models of a barrier system under impact load caused by a car crash were established. The above approach is utilized to optimize the design of the barrier connector. Results showed that the optimized connector structure greatly improved the overall performance of the barrier system while reducing the material consumption and costs. The proposed optimization approach can determine the optimal material distribution and size of the connector structure, thus providing guiding significance for the design and construction of connectors of prefabricated components.
Robust fixed-time formation control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles with directed topology
Authors: Shao Shikai , Zhao Yuanjie , Wu Xiaojing
Published: July 2021

Formation control is one of the key technologies for multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Compared with asymptotic or finite-time controllers, fixed-time controller can provide a guaranteed settling time, which does not depend on initial conditions and is an appealing property for controller design. Thus, robust fixed-time formation controller design for quadrotor UAVs under external disturbance and directed topology is investigated in this paper. A multi-variable super-twisting like integral sliding mode surface and a disturbance observer are respectively designed for position and attitude loops to guarantee robustness. Bi-limit homogeneity is utilized to design the whole closed-loop fixed-time controllers. By skillfully using bi-limit homogeneity technique and Lyapunov theory, the comprehensive stability of position and attitude loops is addressed. Finally, the multiple UAVs are utilized to track a pre-planned trajectory in 3D space and simulation results illustrate that the settling time can be reduced about 40% compared with finite-time controllers.
Unusual Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis of Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung , Sim Jae-Yeop , Kim Min Bum , Chang Suk Won
Published: July 2021

Papillary urothelial carcinoma is aggressive and characterized by frequent metastasis to distant sites at an early stage. Papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder usually metastasizes to the local lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone, and mediastinum. Urogenital tract carcinoma of the head and neck metastasis is uncommon and rarely reported to the cervical lymph nodes. We present a case of cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Exploring Administrative Capacity and Local Governance in the Peruvian Waste Sector: Implications for Complex Service Delivery in the Global South
Authors: de la Riva Agüero Renzo
Published: July 2021

Municipalities in the Global South confront significant implementation challenges for the delivery of services, especially as service complexity increases. Waste management, which includes services of different complexity such as simple waste collection and complex waste disposal, is a useful sector to study. This article conducts an exploratory case study in four Peruvian municipalities to learn about the relationship between administrative capacity, political influence, and civil society participation and the performance of two waste services. The findings highlight the need to more closely consider service-specific administrative capacity in future research on performance, particularly when analyzing more complex services. Accounting for service complexity may also be important for practitioners when planning measures to strengthen administrative capacity.
The Effect of the Familiarity of a Survey Sender on Response Outcomes in a Large-Scale Survey of Emergency Medical Services Agencies
Authors: Millar Morgan M. , Hewes Hilary A. , Genovesi Andrea L. , Ely Michael , Green Braden , Schmuhl Patricia , Polzin Kjelsey , Santana Carolina Roberts , Minkler Marc , Olson Lenora M.
Published: July 2021

Survey response is higher when the request comes from a familiar entity compared to an unknown sender. Little is known about how sender influences response to surveys of organizations. We assessed whether familiarity of the sender influences response outcomes in a survey of emergency medical services agencies. Emergency medical services agencies in one U.S. state were randomly assigned to receive survey emails from either a familiar or unfamiliar sender. Both deployment approaches were subsequently used nationwide, with each state selecting one of the two contact methods. Experimental results showed that requests from the familiar sender achieved higher survey response (54.3%) compared to requests from the unfamiliar sender (36.9%; OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.23, 3.33). Similar results were observed in the subsequent nationwide survey; in states where the familiar sender deployed the survey, 62.0% of agencies responded, compared to 51.0% when the survey was sent by the unfamiliar sender (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.67). The response difference resulted in nearly 60 additional hours of staff time needed to perform telephone follow-up to nonrespondents. When surveying healthcare organizations, surveyors should recognize that it is more challenging to obtain responses without a pre-established relationship with the organizations.
Scientists’ response to global public health emergencies: A bibliometrics perspective
Authors: Wu Leyan , Yang Jinqing , Wang Dan , Cheng Qikai , Lu Wei
Published: July 2021

The unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak at the end of 2019 has produced a worldwide health crisis. Scientific research, especially international research collaboration, is crucial to deal successfully with the epidemic. This article aims to review the response modes, and especially the international collaboration characteristic, of the academic community to similar public health events in the past. Based on relevant studies of four major public health emergencies in the past, the major public health emergencies were regarded as ‘new knowledge’ in the academic field. By using knowledge diffusion indicators, such as the breadth and speed of diffusion, and combined with the development characteristics of the event, this article explores the diffusion characteristics of the four major public health emergencies in the academic exchange system and then identifies the academic community’s response mode to the outbreaks. In addition, the characteristics of international collaboration in response to the public health events and the impact of international collaboration on the academic community’s response are analysed. Through the analysis of the international collaboration network, the cooperative groups and core countries in the research collaboration network related to the major public health emergencies are obtained. In terms of COVID-19, it is found that the response speed and intensity of scientists have been significantly improved, but more focus should be given to international collaboration. Our findings could be beneficial to both decision-makers and researchers in policy formulation and conducting research, respectively, to optimally deal with COVID-19 and possible outbreaks in the future.
Resilience and the Rise of Speculative Humanitarianism: Thinking Difference through the Syrian Refugee Crisis
Authors: Bargués Pol , Schmidt Jessica
Published: July 2021

This article explores the nature of resilience-informed international interventions today by thinking about ‘difference’. Up to the 1990s, international interventions were often characterised by a patronising tone in which backward others needed help to develop. Some 20 years later, key lessons learned were that others were so fundamentally different that efforts to assist them invariably failed. This article argues that contemporary approaches seeking to foster resilience are simultaneously propelled by both approaches. They are thus underpinned by two conflicting understandings of difference: the other that is in need and the other that cannot be attended. Even more, we contend that this contradiction is put to productive use in resilience-building: protracted crises today demand practitioners to ‘be there’, engaged permanently, to speculate, experiment, and affirm radical uncertainty. In order to analyse the novel features of resilience, we draw on Graham Harman’s speculative realism and look at policy programming of the Syrian refugee crisis.
More than half of front-line healthcare workers unknowingly used an N95/P2 mask without adequate airborne protection: An audit in a tertiary institution
Authors: Regli Adrian , Thalayasingam Priya , Bell Emily , Sommerfield Aine , von Ungern-Sternberg Britta S
Published: July 2021

Front-line staff routinely exposed to aerosol-generating procedures are at a particularly high risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We aimed to assess the adequacy of respiratory protection provided by available N95/P2 masks to staff routinely exposed to aerosol-generating procedures. We performed a prospective audit of fit-testing results. A convenience sample of staff from the Department of Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, who opted to undergo qualitative and/or quantitative fit-testing of N95/P2 masks was included. Fit-testing was performed following standard guidelines including a fit-check. We recorded the type and size of mask, pass or failure and duration of fit-testing. Staff completed a short questionnaire on previous N95/P2 mask training regarding confidence and knowledge gained through fit-testing. The first fit-pass rate using routinely available N95/P2 masks at this institution was only 47%. Fit-pass rates increased by testing different types and sizes of masks. Confidence ‘that the available mask will provide adequate fit’ was higher after fit-testing compared with before fit-testing; (median, interquartile range) five-point Likert-scale (4.0 (4.0–5.0) versus 3.0 (2.0–4.0); P<0.001). This audit highlights that without fit-testing over 50% of healthcare workers were using an N95/P2 mask that provided insufficient airborne protection. This high unnoticed prevalence of unfit masks among healthcare workers can create a potentially hazardous false sense of security. However, fit-testing of different masks not only improved airborne protection provided to healthcare workers but also increased their confidence around mask protection.