bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cybersecurity data science: an overview from machine learning perspective
Authors: Sarker Iqbal H. , Kayes A. S. M. , Badsha Shahriar , Alqahtani Hamed , Watters Paul , Ng Alex
Published: July 2020

In a computing context, cybersecurity is undergoing massive shifts in technology and its operations in recent days, and data science is driving the change. Extractingsecurity incident patternsor insights from cybersecurity data and building correspondingdata-driven model, is the key to make a security system automated and intelligent. To understand and analyze the actual phenomena with data, various scientific methods, machine learning techniques, processes, and systems are used, which is commonly known as data science. In this paper, we focus and briefly discuss oncybersecurity data science, where the data is being gathered from relevant cybersecurity sources, and the analytics complement thelatest data-driven patternsfor providing more effective security solutions. The concept of cybersecurity data science allows making the computing process more actionable and intelligent as compared to traditional ones in the domain of cybersecurity. We then discuss and summarize a number of associatedresearch issues and future directions. Furthermore, we provide amachine learningbasedmulti-layered frameworkfor the purpose of cybersecurity modeling. Overall, our goal is not only to discuss cybersecurity data science and relevant methods but also to focus the applicability towards data-driven intelligent decision making for protecting the systems from cyber-attacks.
Leveraging and manufacturing in vitro multicellular spheroid-based tumor cell model as a preclinical tool for translating dysregulated tumor metabolism into clinical targets and biomarkers
Authors: Wang Tong , Wang Lin , Wang Guan , Zhuang Yingping
Published: July 2020

The grand challenge now and in the near future for the pharmaceutical industry is how to efficiently improve R&D productivity. Currently, the approval rate of the entire clinical drug development process is extremely low, and the high attrition in the phase I clinical trial is up to 95%; 67% and 33% of all drugs that enter Phase II and Phase III clinical trials fail to transit into the next stage, respectively. To achieve a higher success rate in clinical trials, developing efficient drug screening method based on more in vivo like tumor tissue is an urgent need to predict the toxicity and efficacy of candidate drugs. In comparison to 2D planar tumor model, the 3D multicellular tumor spheroid (MTS) can better simulate the spatial structure, hypoxia and nutrient gradient, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and drug resistance mechanism of tumor in vivo. Thus, such model can be applied for high-throughput drug screening and evaluation, and also can be utilized to initiate a series of fundamental research areas regarding oncogenesis, tumor progression and invasion, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, gene therapy and immune mechanism. This review article discusses the abnormal metabolism of cancer cells and highlights the potential role of MTSs as being used as efficient preclinical models. Also, the key features and preparation protocols of MTSs as well as the tools and techniques used for their analysis were summarized and the application of 3D tumor spheroid in specific drug screening and in the elucidation of drug resistance mechanism was also provided. Despite the great knowledge gap within biological sciences and bioengineering, the grand blueprint for adaptable stirred-tank culture strategies for large-scale production of MTSs is envisioned.
Production of biodegradable microbial polymers from whey
Authors: Zikmanis Peteris , Kolesovs Sergejs , Semjonovs Pavels
Published: July 2020

Current research in industrial microbiology and biotechnology focuses on the production of biodegradable microbial polymers as an environmentally friendly alternative to still dominant fossil-based plastics. Microbial polymers have an extensive biotechnological potential and are already widely used in a variety of fields ranging from medicine to technology. However, their increase in production and wider use is hampered by the high cost of raw materials and therefore requires a focus on cheaper inputs, including dairy by-products and waste such as cheese whey (CW). This is an environmentally unfriendly by-product of milk processing and reducing it would also reduce the risk of environmental pollution. This review summarises current knowledge on the use of CW and derived products to obtain commercially important microbial polymers, including information about producer cultures, fermentation techniques and methods used, composition of culture medium, cultivation conditions and productivity of bioprocesses. The main methods and applications of cheese whey pre-treatment are also summarised.
Establishment of a clinical SPECT/CT protocol for imaging of 161Tb
Authors: Marin I. , Rydèn T. , Van Essen M. , Svensson J. , Gracheva N. , Köster U. , Zeevaart J. R. , van der Meulen N. P. , Müller C. , Bernhardt P.
Published: July 2020

Background

It has been proposed, and preclinically demonstrated, that 161Tb is a better alternative to 177Lu for the treatment of small prostate cancer lesions due to its high emission of low-energy electrons. 161Tb also emits photons suitable for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging. This study aims to establish a SPECT protocol for 161Tb imaging in the clinic.

Materials and methods

Optimal settings using various γ-camera collimators and energy windows were explored by imaging a Jaszczak phantom, including hollow-sphere inserts, filled with 161Tb. The collimators examined were extended low-energy general purpose (ELEGP), medium-energy general purpose (MEGP), and low-energy high resolution (LEHR), respectively. In addition, three ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithms were investigated: attenuation-corrected OSEM (A-OSEM); attenuation and dual- or triple-energy window scatter-corrected OSEM (AS-OSEM); and attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector response-corrected OSEM (ASC-OSEM), where the latter utilized Monte Carlo-based reconstruction. Uniformity corrections, using intrinsic and extrinsic correction maps, were also investigated. Image quality was assessed by estimated recovery coefficients (RC), noise, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Sensitivity was determined using a circular flat phantom.

Results

The best RC and SNR were obtained at an energy window between 67.1 and 82.1 keV. Ring artifacts, caused by non-uniformity, were removed with extrinsic uniformity correction for the energy window between 67.1 and 82.1 keV, but not with intrinsic correction. Analyzing the lower energy window between 48.9 and 62.9 keV, the ring artifacts remained after uniformity corrections. The recovery was similar for the different collimators when using a specific OSEM reconstruction. Recovery and SNR were highest for ASC-OSEM, followed by AS-OSEM and A-OSEM. When using the optimized parameter setting, the resolution of 161Tb was higher than for 177Lu (8.4 ± 0.7 vs. 10.4 ± 0.6 mm, respectively). The sensitivities for 161Tb and 177Lu were 7.41 and 8.46 cps/MBq, respectively.

Conclusion

SPECT with high resolution is feasible with 161Tb; however, extrinsic uniformity correction is recommended to avoid ring artifacts. The LEHR collimator was the best choice of the three tested to obtain a high-resolution image. Due to the complex emission spectrum of low-energy photons, window-based scatter correction had a minor impact on the image quality compared to using attenuation correction only. On the other hand, performing attenuation, scatter, and collimator-detector correction clearly improved image quality. Based on these data, SPECT-based dosimetry for 161Tb-labeled radiopharmaceuticals is feasible.
Socio-economic inequalities in modern Russia and their perception by the population
Authors: Mareeva Svetlana
Published: July 2020

This paper focuses on the objective situation regarding inequalities and their subjective perception by the population in Russia in recent years. It is shown that socio-economic inequalities are currently perceived by the population as excessive and illegitimate, and the gap between expectations and social reality has led to growing requests for “leveling” being made to the state. This analysis of the perception of social inequalities is carried out against a background of the objective situation with inequalities that is characterized by the equalization of incomes in the middle layer of society and simultaneously by the growing gap between the top and the rest of the population. Key challenges and crossroads that the state faces in terms of developing socio-economic policies aimed at reducing inequalities are identified.
Continuous versus intermittent short-acting β2-agonists nebulization as first-line therapy in hospitalized children with severe asthma exacerbation: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Kulalert Prapasri , Phinyo Phichayut , Patumanond Jayanton , Smathakanee Chutima , Chuenjit Wantida , Nanthapisal Sira
Published: July 2020

Background

Short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) nebulization is commonly prescribed for children hospitalized with severe asthma exacerbation. Either intermittent or continuous delivery has been considered safe and efficient. The comparative efficacy of these two modalities is inconclusive. We aimed to compare these two modalities as the first-line treatments.

Methods

An efficacy research with a retrospective cohort study design was conducted. Hospital records of children with severe asthma exacerbation admitted to Hat Yai Hospital between 2015 and 2017 were retrospectively collected. Children initially treated with continuous salbutamol 10 mg per hour or intermittent salbutamol 2.5 mg per dose over 1–4 h nebulization were matched one-to-one using the propensity score. Competing risk and risk difference regression was applied to evaluate the proportion of children who succeeded and failed the initial treatment. Restricted mean survival time regression was used to compare the length of stay (LOS) between the two groups.

Results

One-hundred and eighty-nine children were included. Of these children, 112 were matched for analysis (56 with continuous and 56 with intermittent nebulization). Children with continuous nebulization experienced a higher proportion of success in nebulization treatment (adjusted difference: 39.5, 95% CI 22.7, 56.3, p < 0.001), with a faster rate of success (adjusted SHR: 2.70, 95% CI 1.73, 4.22, p < 0.001). There was a tendency that LOS was also shorter (adjusted mean difference − 9.9 h, 95% CI -24.2, 4.4, p = 0.176).

Conclusion

Continuous SABA nebulization was more efficient than intermittent nebulization in the treatment of children with severe asthma exacerbation.
Surgical management of submacular hemorrhage due to n-AMD: a comparison of three surgical methods
Authors: Grohmann Carsten , Dimopoulos Spyridon , Bartz-Schmidt Karl Ulrich , Schindler Philipp , Katz Toam , Spitzer Martin S. , Skevas Christos
Published: July 2020

Background

To compare and assess the efficacy of three surgical methods for the treatment of acute submacular hemorrhage (ASH): pneumatic displacement with C2F6, in combination with intravitreal injection of bevacizumab and rtPA, pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal injection of gas (C2F6), bevacizumab and subretinal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal injection of gas (C2F6), bevacizumab and intravitreal injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).

Methods

The study included 85 patients with ASH. In the group without PPV (A), patients were treated with intravitreal injection of C2F6, bevacizumab and rtPA. In the second and third group, patients underwent a PPV, intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, pneumatic displacement with C2F6 and a subretinal (B) or intravitreal (C) injection of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt PA).

Results

In group A, mean BCVA increased from preop logMAR 1.41 to 1.05, in group B from 1.46 to 1.28 and in group C from 1.63 to 1.33. In group A, CFT changed from 764 ± 340 μm at time point 0 to 246 ± 153 μm at time point 1, in group B from 987 ± 441 μm to 294 ± 166 μm and in group C from 642 ± 322 μm to 418 ± 364 μm. Patients had an average of 5 injections after surgery.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that the three methods are equally effective in improving the morphology and the BCVA of patients with ASH.
Fault line selection in cooperation with multi-mode grounding control for the floating nuclear power plant grid
Authors: Wang Yikai , Yin Xin , Xu Wen , Yin Xianggen , Wen Minghao , Jiang Lin
Published: July 2020

The Floating nuclear power plant grid is composed of power generation, in-station power supply and external power delivery. To ensure the safety of the nuclear island, the in-station system adopts a special power supply mode, while the external power supply needs to be adapted to different types of external systems. Because of frequent single phase-ground faults and various fault forms, the fault line selection protection should be accurate, sensitive and adaptive. This paper presents a fault line selection method in cooperation with multi-mode grounding control. Based on the maximum united energy entropy ratio (MUEER), the optimal wavelet basis function and decomposition scale are adaptively chosen, while the fault line is selected by wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM). For high-impedance faults (HIFs), to enlarge the fault feature, the system grounding mode can be switched by the multi-mode grounding control. Based on the characteristic of HIFs, the fault line can be selected by comparing phase differences of zero-sequence current mutation and fault phase voltage mutation before and after the fault. Simulation results using MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the protection problems.
Redox-responsive tumor targeted dual-drug loaded biocompatible metal–organic frameworks nanoparticles for enhancing anticancer effects
Authors: Liu Chang , Xu Xiaoyu , Zhou Junnian , Yan Jiaqi , Wang Dongqing , Zhang Hongbo
Published: July 2020

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have proven to be a promising class of drug carriers due to their high porosity, crystalline properties with defined structure information, and abundant surface chemistry for further functionalization. However, there has not been extensive research on MOF-based drug carriers with stimuli-responsive, dual-drug delivery, and tumor targeting functions. Here, we demonstrate the strategy of constructing a redox responsive and tumor-targeted MOF as dual-drug carrier by anchoring functional disulfide anhydride and folic acid molecules to the organic links of MOFs, respectively. The MOF composites show the controlled release of loaded 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) entrapped within UiO-66-NH2 nanostructures modified with dichloroacetic acid, which acts as a synergistical drug to 5-FU in cancer cells. In addition, the overexpressed GSH in cancer cells attacks the thiolate moiety and is oxidized in the process as it cleaves the disulfide bonds, thereby achieving redox stimuli-responsive drugs release in MOFs. The confocal laser scanning microscopy further proved that conjugation of folic acid to the MOF surface can significantly enhance the targeting uptake of cancer cells. This work paves the way to the construction of stimuli responsive tumor-targeted Nano MOF based drug carriers with potential for cancer therapies.
Pyrethroid residues on tropical soil of an Indonesian tea plantation: analytical method development, monitoring, and risk assessment
Authors: Ariyani Miranti , Pitoi Mariska Margaret , Koesmawati Tiny Agustini , Maulana Hilman , Endah Een Sri , Yusiasih Retno
Published: July 2020

Despite their massive application in tea plantation, synthetic pyrethroids had never been detected in tropical soils of tea plantation thus their risk has never been assessed. This research reported the detection of synthetic pyrethroids in tea plantation and assessed their aquatic ecotoxicological risk. A simplified analytical method based on the application of a miniaturized sample, solvent, and efficient ultra-sonic assisted extraction was developed for the determination of pyrethroids in the soil. The method was validated with the result of all parameters (recovery, % relative standard deviations, linearity, limit of detection (LoD), and matrix effect) met the acceptance limits suggested by European Commission guideline, thus deemed acceptable for the assessment of pyrethroids in tropical soil of tea plantation during the wet and dry season. Of the five synthetic pyrethroids, only permethrin was detected in both wet and dry seasons (< LoD – 0.36 μg g− 1), whereas deltamethrin was detected only in wet season (< LoD – 0.12 μg g− 1). Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction revealed that the soil constituted by various soil minerals made permethrin more likely to persist than deltamethrin. Aquatic ecotoxicological risk assessment was performed on the basis of comparison between the maximum equilibrium concentration expected in water (ECEWmax) value and lethal concentration (LC50) of pyrethroids exposure for aquatic species (algae, crustacean, and fish) inhabiting the Upper Citarum River. The ECEWmax value for the present condition was lower than LC50 for all examined species, indicating that the high-level contamination in the future should have posed a high risk for all aquatic species based on their LC50.
Patient-Reported GI Outcomes in Patients With Anal Cancer Receiving Modern Chemoradiation
Authors: Kouzy Ramez , Abi Jaoude Joseph , Lin Daniel , El Alam Molly B. , Minsky Bruce D. , Koay Eugene J. , Das Prajnan , Holliday Emma B. , Klopp Ann H. , Colbert Lauren E. , Taniguchi Cullen M.
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE:

Among patients with anal cancer, chemoradiotherapy is often associated with toxicities that diminish quality of life. We describe the GI-related patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of patients with anal cancer receiving chemoradiotherapy to improve patient-physician communication.

METHODS:

We prospectively followed patients with nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal who received definitive chemoradiotherapy. Patients completed the bowel subdomain of the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC) questionnaire before treatment and at 4 subsequent timepoints. We used the paired Wilcoxon test to compare EPIC scores at different times.

RESULTS:

The study included 21 patients; median age was 57 years. Most patients (52%) had T2 and either N0 or N1 disease (81%). Most patients (91%) received chemotherapy with cisplatin-fluorouracil and either intensity-modulated radiotherapy or volumetric modulated arc therapy. Compared with the patients’ median overall summary score at baseline (66), their median score at 1 week (82) was higher ( P = .009), whereas their median score at 5 weeks (54) was lower ( P = .025). The patients’ median overall summary score at baseline and at 3 months did not differ ( P = .919). Three months after radiotherapy, most patients reported minimal adverse effects compared with baseline.

CONCLUSION:

The GI-related PROs of patients with anal cancer tend to fluctuate during radiotherapy but return to baseline by 3 months, at which time most patients report few or no residual adverse effects. We provide a clear timeline of GI acute toxicity using sequential PRO measurements that will improve patient-physician communication regarding expectations for cancer treatment.
Non-invasive Diagnostic Strategy in ACTH-dependent Cushing’s Syndrome
Authors: Frete Caroline , Corcuff Jean-Benoît , Kuhn Emmanuelle , Salenave Sylvie , Gaye Delphine , Young Jacques , Chanson Philippe , Tabarin Antoine
Published: June 2020

Context

Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is used to diagnose Cushing’s disease (CD) when dexamethasone-suppression and CRH tests, and pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are negative or give discordant results. However, IPSS is an invasive procedure and its availability is limited.

Objective

To test a noninvasive diagnostic strategy associated with 100% positive predictive value (PPV) for CD.

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Two university hospitals.

Patients

A total of 167 patients with CD and 27 patients with ectopic ACTH-syndrome investigated between 2001 and 2016.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Performance of a strategy involving the CRH and desmopressin tests with pituitary MRI followed by thin-slice whole-body computed tomography (CT) scan in patients with inconclusive results.

Results

Using thresholds of a cortisol increase > 17% with an ACTH increase > 37% during the CRH test and a cortisol increase > 18% with an ACTH increase > 33% during the desmopressin test, the combination of both tests gave 73% sensitivity and 98% PPV of CD. The sensitivity and PPV for pituitary MRI were 71% and 99%, respectively. CT scan identified 67% EAS at presentation with no false-positives. The PPV for CD was 100% in patients with positive responses to both tests, with negative pituitary MRI and CT scan. The Negative Predictive Value was 100% in patients with negative responses to both tests, with negative pituitary MRI and positive CT scan. Using this strategy, IPPS could have been avoided in 47% of patients in whom it is currently recommended.

Conclusions

In conjunction with expert radiologic interpretation, the non-invasive algorithm studied significantly reduces the need for IPSS in the investigation of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome.
Postwar Third-Way Perspectives
Authors: Cunha Alexandre Mendes
Published: July 2020

The article focuses on François Perroux’s work at the second half of the 1940s, at the moment when he redefines his third-way ideas in terms of a liberal interventionist perspective. The point of departure is an interpretation of Perroux’s intellectual trajectory during the interwar period, as a way of understanding how his investigations in the field of national income and planning finally became an essential part of his third-way perspectives, previously formulated in corporatist terms but partially reshaped in the immediate postwar period. Particular attention is paid to the institutional work led by him on national accounts in the first years of the Institut de Science Économique Appliquée. Refusing to analyze Perroux’s contribution in terms of eclecticism, the article attempts to critically illuminate complementarities and continuities in the author’s analytical framework between the interwar and postwar periods.
Making the most of genomic data with OMA
Authors: Glover Natasha M.
Published: July 2020

The OMA Collection is a resource for users of Orthologous Matrix. In this collection, we provide tutorials and protocols on how to leverage the tools provided by OMA to analyse your data. Here, I explain the motivation for this collection and its published works thus far.
A nonlinear and time-dependent leak current in the presence of calcium fluoride patch-clamp seal enhancer
Authors: Lei Chon Lok , Fabbri Alan , Whittaker Dominic G. , Clerx Michael , Windley Monique J. , Hill Adam P. , Mirams Gary R. , de Boer Teun P.
Published: July 2020

Automated patch-clamp platforms are widely used and vital tools in both academia and industry to enable high-throughput studies such as drug screening. A leak current to ground occurs whenever the seal between a pipette and cell (or internal solution and cell in high-throughput machines) is not perfectly insulated from the bath (extracellular) solution. Over 1 GΩ seal resistance between pipette and bath solutions is commonly used as a quality standard for manual patch work. With automated platforms it can be difficult to obtain such a high seal resistance between the intra- and extra-cellular solutions. One suggested method to alleviate this problem is using an F− containing internal solution together with a Ca2+ containing external solution — so that a CaF2 crystal forms when the two solutions meet which ‘plugs the holes’ to enhance the seal resistance. However, we observed an unexpected nonlinear-in-voltage and time-dependent current using these solutions on an automated patch-clamp platform. We performed manual patch-clamp experiments with the automated patch-clamp solutions, but no biological cell, and observed the same nonlinear time-dependent leak current. The current could be completely removed by washing out F− ions to leave a conventional leak current that was linear and not time-dependent. We therefore conclude fluoride ions interacting with the CaF2 crystal are the origin of the nonlinear time-dependent leak current. The consequences of such a nonlinear and time-dependent leak current polluting measurements should be considered carefully if it cannot be isolated and subtracted.
Accuracy of diagnostic tests for respiratory syncytial virus infection within a paediatric hospital population in Kilifi County, Kenya
Authors: Mweu Marshal M. , Murunga Nickson , Otieno Juliet W. , Nokes D. James
Published: July 2020

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-induced lower respiratory tract disease is a prominent cause of hospitalisation among children aged <5 years in developing countries. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tests are central to informing effective patient management and surveillance efforts geared towards quantifying RSV disease burden. This study sought to estimate the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp) (along with the associated factors) and predictive values of a direct immunofluorescence test (IFAT), and two real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays for RSV infection within a paediatric hospital population: a multiplex rRT-PCR (MPX) and Fast-Track Diagnostics® (FTD) Respiratory Pathogens 33 (Resp-33) rRT-PCR.

Methods: The study enlisted 1458 paediatrics aged ≤59 months admitted with acute respiratory illness at the Kilifi County Hospital between August 2011 and December 2013. A Bayesian latent class modelling framework was employed to infer the tests’ estimates based on the patients’ diagnostic data from the three tests.

Results: The tests posted statistically similar Se estimates: IFAT (93.7%, [90.7; 95.0]), FTD (97.8%, [94.6; 99.4]) and MPX (97.5%, [94.2; 99.3]). As for Sp, FTD registered a lower estimate (97.4%, [96.2; 98.2]) than MPX (99.7%, [99.0; 100.0]) but similar to IFAT (99.0%, [98.2; 99.6]). The negative and positive predictive values were strong (>91%) and closely mimicked the pattern given by the Se and Sp values respectively. None of the examined covariates (age, sex and pneumonia status) significantly influenced the accuracy of the tests.

Conclusions: The evaluation found little to choose between the three diagnostic tests. Nonetheless, with its relative affordability, the conventional IFAT continues to hold promise for use in patient care and surveillance activities for RSV infection within settings where children are hospitalised with severe acute respiratory illness.
Non-native fold of the putative VPS39 zinc finger domain
Authors: Butt Benjamin G. , Scourfield Edward J. , Graham Stephen C.
Published: July 2020

Background: The multi-subunit homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) membrane-tethering complex is involved in regulating the fusion of late endosomes and autophagosomes with lysosomes in eukaryotes. The C-terminal regions of several HOPS components have been shown to be required for correct complex assembly, including the C-terminal really interesting new gene (RING) zinc finger domains of HOPS components VPS18 and VPS41. We sought to structurally characterise the putative C-terminal zinc finger domain of VPS39, which we hypothesised may be important for binding of VPS39 to cellular partners or to other HOPS components.

Methods: We recombinantly expressed, purified and solved the crystal structure of the proposed zinc-binding region of VPS39.

Results: In the structure, this region forms an anti-parallel β-hairpin that is incorporated into a homotetrameric eight-stranded β-barrel. However, the fold is stabilised by coordination of zinc ions by residues from the purification tag and an intramolecular disulphide bond between two predicted zinc ligands.

Conclusions: We solved the structure of the VPS39 C-terminal domain adopting a non-native fold. Our work highlights the risk of non-native folds when purifying small zinc-containing domains with hexahistidine tags. However, the non-native structure we observe may have implications for rational protein design.
Sho’ah: Plasticidad del Horror. Estética, Realidad y Compromiso en la Historia del Arte.
Authors: Espinosa Villegas Miguel Ángel
Published: July 2020

Post-holocaust artistic or literary production has undeniable documentary value. However, it does not contribute so much to clarify what happened but to express what we are feeling now. This production explains better the attitude we have decided to adopt to relate to that past. The main objective of this work is undoubtedly to warn of the danger of ending up considering something as merely aesthetic what must first and foremost be a document and a perennial monument to remembrance and memory. Likewise, we intend to make art historians aware that this task of warning corresponds to them since they have a stark link to the systems of knowledge about these pieces. So we have used an essentially formalist methodology that is common in art history. We have analyzed texts and testimonies as a corrective measure that gives meaning to the pieces. And then we have studied the image itself and its value as a signifier. We intended to build a professional commitment structure for art historians.
Aplicaciones Metodológicas Inclusivas para la Enseñanza del Inglés como Lengua Extranjera en Alumnos con Dislexia.
Authors: Fombella Pedrero Silvia , Solis Patricia
Published: July 2020

Dyslexia is a Learning Disorder with a great impact in every area of the official curriculum, especially those involving the development of communicative competences. This situation is particularly acute in relation to the first foreign language area: English. This language is increasingly widespread in our classrooms as a result of the establishment of bilingual schools. Despite the general methodological adaptation applied within the subject of English as a foreign language, when there are students with special educational needs in the classroom no specific adaptations are usually carried out. Furthermore, the existing guidelines and protocols provided by educational inspectors are rarely, if ever, applied. The intention of the current research is to compile the range of methodological measures established by educational inspectors, as well as other professionals, with the aim of providing the best education to students with special educational needs in an inclusive way. For the purposes of this research, we analysed three case-studies involving three different students with learning disabilities. We conducted interviews not only with parents, but also with other students and teachers, in order to better understand what are the perceptions about the topic and the effectiveness of the learning adaptations applied. We recommend the adoption of some of the measures proposed by the interviewed professionals. Among these, using special lettering or breaking down the texts to be read into smaller sentences are proving ones of the most effective.
Elekcje marszałków poselskich na sejmach w okresie panowania Michała Korybuta Wiśniowieckiego – zarys problematyki
Authors: Leśniak Karolina
Published: July 2020

Elections Of Sejm Marshals In The Time of Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki's Rule - Presentation Of The Research Topic

The article presents the outline of the research project on the elections of sejm Marshalls in the years 1669-1672. Only the last sejm assembled during Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki’s reign was omitted due to its specificity – it was the 1673 pacification sejm. Various elements of the parliamentary procedures such as the initiation of the election, deputies’ attendance, the exchange between the Crown and Grand Duchy of Lithuania in fulfilling functions and proposing candidates to these functions, removal of deputies and finally the form of voting are taken into connsideration and discussed. Sejm diaries form the source base for the research, which is supplemented with existing historiograph
Trust and Disintermediation: Evidence from an Online Freelance Marketplace
Authors: Gu Grace , Zhu Feng
Published: July 2020

As a platform improves trust between the two sides of its market to facilitate matching and transactions, it faces an increased risk of disintermediation: with sufficient trust, the two sides may circumvent the platform to avoid the platform’s fees. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between increased trust and disintermediation by leveraging a randomized control trial in an online freelance marketplace. We find that enhanced trust increases the likelihood of high-quality freelancers being hired. However, when the trust level is sufficiently high, it also increases disintermediation, which offsets the revenue gains from the increase in hiring high-quality freelancers. We also identify heterogeneity across clients and freelancers in their tendencies to disintermediate. We discuss strategies that platforms can use to mitigate the tension between trust building and disintermediation.

This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
The value of clinical mnemonics
Authors: McEwan Tom
Published: July 2020

Tom McEwan, midwifery lecturer and honorary advanced neonatal nurse practitioner, offers some aids for supporting staff and students to perform the newborn and infant physical examination
Extra support for expectant parents
Authors: Belasco Annie
Published: July 2020

The PANDAS Foundation offers parents help and support when suffering with perinatal mental illness
Emotional intelligence and coping with stressful conditions: the case of Iranian midwives
Authors: Yaralizadeh Masumeh , Chegini Salimeh Nezamivand , Najar Shahnaz , Khavayet Fariba , Abedi Parvin
Published: July 2020

Background

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between emotional quotient (EQ) and coping with stress among midwives in Ahvaz, Iran.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study involving (n=300) midwives employed in the university hospitals of Ahvaz, Iran. Midwives with an associate or higher degree in midwifery and with at least three years of service were recruited.

Results

Task-oriented and avoidant areas had a positive significant correlation with intrapersonal, interpersonal, management, adaptability and general mood (p<0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between emotion-oriented areas and all domains of EQ (p<001). EQ could predict more than 90% of midwives' ability for coping with stress.

Conclusion

The results of this study showed that there is a positive correlation of task-oriented and avoidant areas with all domains of EQ. There was also a significant negative correlation between emotion-oriented areas and all domains of EQ.
Clarity and contradictions: speech and language therapists' insights regarding thickened liquids for post-stroke aspiration
Authors: McCurtin Arlene , Brady Ronan , Coffey Katherine , O'Connor Anne
Published: July 2020

Background/Aims

Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common condition following stroke, with adverse consequences including aspiration pneumonia. Internationally, aspiration risk is typically managed using thickened liquids, an intervention with limited empirical support and associated treatment adherence issues. This study explores speech and language therapists' perceptions of and reasons for employing this intervention.

Methods

A total of 22 speech and language therapists working with people with dysphagia post-stroke in hospital settings participated in three focus groups. Participants were recruited through gatekeeper managers and data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results

Three themes were identified: primary justifications for treatment use, acute implementation issues, and having doubts. Use of thickened liquids is pivoted on safety-first reasoning, employed as a first step on the treatment ladder and in the context of limited perceived alternatives. Both clarity and contradictions are revealed by therapists, who acknowledge multiple factors that impact treatment effectiveness, including hospital, patient and product issues.

Conclusions

The findings from this study provide a basis for understanding clinical decision making for a widely-used gateway treatment that requires further empirical support. The data suggest that, similar to other professions, safety-first reasoning is paramount for speech and language therapists. The dominance of thickened liquids in treating aspiration is reflected internationally and warrants ongoing discussion.
Management of the failed radial head arthroplasty
Authors: Kodde Izaäk F. , Viveen Jetske , The Bertram , van Riet Roger P. , Eygendaal Denise
Published: July 2020

Primary radial head arthroplasty (RHA) produces good or excellent results in approximately 85% of patients. However, complications are not uncommon and have been described in up to 23% of cases. The number of RHA is increasing, and consequently the absolute number of complications is expected to rise as well. The decision on whether to revise or remove the prosthesis seems more likely to depend on the preference of the surgeon or the hospital, rather than on objectifying problems with the prosthesis. The current article presents an algorithm for the work-up and treatment of most complications that can occur following RHA. Five subgroups of problems were identified: osteoarthritis, stiffness, instability, infection and implant-related issues. In short, the preferred treatment depends mainly on the chondral condition and stability of the elbow joint.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2020;5:398-407. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.5.190055
Object Authentication in the Context of the Internet of Things: A Survey
Authors: Saadeh Maha , Sleit Azzam , Sabri Khair Eddin , Almobaideen Wesam
Published: July 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as the future of the Internet that connects billions of objects all together. Trusted communication between these objects is a crucial requirement for the wide deployment of IoT services. Consequently, effective authentication procedures should be applied between the communicating objects. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of object authentication in the IoT. The survey aims to direct future researchers in the field of IoT object authentication by delving into the details of authentication schemes and going through different comparisons. Comparisons are based on various criteria which include authentication process characteristics, the underlying architecture, key generation and distribution techniques, supporting IoT challenges, security analysis, and performance evaluation. Additionally, this survey highlights the main issues and challenges of IoT objects authentication and recommends future research directions.
Win–win for sustainability and health
Authors: McNally SA
Published: July 2020

Reducing complications and surgical activity with perioperative care and shared decision making.
Anti-virus technology
Authors: Dobbs Tom , Kerstein Ryan
Published: July 2020

Our resident gadget geek surveys the tech landscape
Treasures from the Collections
Authors: O'Riordan John
Published: July 2020

Preserving the past, remembering our people
Accurate three-dimensional measurement for small objects based on the thin-lens model
Authors: Lu Zhangji , Cai Lilong
Published: July 2020

Both accuracy and depth of field (DOF) are required for small objects’ measurement in advanced manufacture and accurate robotics industries. In this paper, a stereo vision system with structured light based on the thin-lens model is developed to measure small objects with high accuracy and extended DOF at high magnification. The model of the proposed stereo vision system is built. The new system calibration scheme and measurement procedures are proposed. The DOF of the used thin-lens model is extended by utilizing autofocus capability. With the thin-lens model, accurate calibration and extended DOF at high magnification can be achieved. Three measurement experiments are conducted with the proposed system to evaluate its effectiveness and accuracy. The error of the protrusions’ height on the reconstructed aluminum part is lower than 0.55%, and the standard deviation (STD) of a fitting plane reaches 1.7 µm. Low cost, high accuracy, and extended DOF can be simultaneously achieved for measuring small objects with the proposed system based on the thin-lens model.
Theory of fifth-harmonic generation in cubic centrosymmetric crystals
Authors: Nishizawa Hiroki
Published: July 2020

We derive wave equations for fifth-harmonic generation in cubic centrosymmetric crystals in direct and indirect processes when an incident electric field propagates along a cubic axis. We elucidate the dependence of fifth-harmonic fields on crystal length and polarization directions of an incident field. We also devise a method to measure elements of a fifth-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor in the transparent regime by measurement of fifth-harmonic intensity from crystals of different lengths.
32QAM WDM transmission at 12 Tbit/s using a quantum-dash mode-locked laser diode (QD-MLLD) with external-cavity feedback
Authors: Kemal Juned N. , Marin-Palomo Pablo , Merghem Kamel , Aubin Guy , Lelarge François , Ramdane Abderrahim , Randel Sebastian , Freude Wolfgang , Koos Christian
Published: June 2020

Chip-scale frequency comb generators lend themselves as multi-wavelength light sources in highly scalable wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmitters and coherent receivers. Among different options, quantum-dash (QD) mode-locked laser diodes (MLLD) stand out due to their compactness and simple operation along with the ability to provide a flat and broadband comb spectrum with dozens of equally spaced optical tones. However, the devices suffer from strong phase noise, which impairs transmission performance of coherent links, in particular when higher-order modulation formats are to be used. Here we exploit coherent feedback from an external cavity to drastically reduce the phase noise of QD-MLLD tones, thereby greatly improving the transmission performance. In our experiments, we demonstrate 32QAM WDM transmission on 60 carriers derived from a single QD-MLLD, leading to an aggregate line rate (net data rate) of 12 Tbit/s (11.215 Tbit/s) at a net spectral efficiency (SE) of 7.5 bit/s/Hz. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a QD-MLLD optical frequency comb has been used to transmit an optical 32QAM signal. Based on our experimental findings, we perform simulations that show that feedback-stabilized QD-MLLD should also support 64QAM transmission with a performance close to the theoretical optimum across a wide range of technically relevant symbol rates.
Mass media in the mobile village
Authors: Artman Nicholas , Stiegler Zack , Szuminsky Brandon , Albright Matthew
Published: July 2020

As a constantly connected environment via the Internet and mobile technology, the mobile village reconstructed the means by which content reaches a mass audience. To successfully navigate this environment, audiences must adjust to the new dynamics imposed by mobile technologies. This article examines mass media technologies and practices in an attempt to assess the practical impact of the mobile village within the production, distribution and consumption of media and information. Journalism is now judged less by the news it provides than by the process by which it is produced. Many proclaim the death of radio as traditional broadcast formats become antiquated, however, thanks to increased hardware mobility and bandwidth speeds, podcasts and music streaming services continue to draw listeners. Lastly, television, long a medium fixed in domestic space and oriented around synchronous mass consumption, now streams on demand to mobile devices via wireless Internet connections.
Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, Gretchen Mcculloch (2019)
Authors: Bernhard Ellen M.
Published: July 2020

Review of: Because Internet: Understanding the New Rules of Language, Gretchen Mcculloch (2019)

New York, NY: Riverhead Books, 336 pp.,

ISBN-13 978-0-73521-093-6, h/bk, $26, Kindle $12.99
Interview with Mette Ingvartsen
Authors: Alfirević Dragana
Published: July 2020

The author interviews the renowned Danish choreographer and performer Mette Ingvartsen on occasion of her visit to Ljubljana, where she performed her pieces 69 Positions and 21 Pornographies by invitation of the program Forms of performing initiated by the Museum of Contemporary Art Metelkova and Mladinsko theatre. The conversation tackles topics such as sexuality and nudity in relation to the public sphere; affects and desire, hijacked by capitalism; rehearsing revolt in safe artistic situations and other themes.
Crumbs from the scene
Authors: Lampič Eva Nina
Published: July 2020

The aim of this contribution is to archive and document a part of the process of the Abonma project. In 2018/2019, the temporary collective Abonma, as we ended up calling it, included Eva Nina Lampič, Nika Bezeljak, Miha Horvat, Minca Lorenci, Luka Martin Škof, and Aleš Zorec. Since 2019/2020, the part of the programme entitled Abonma Festival (Moment) has been run by Nika Švab.
For Radio student
Authors: Mendiževec Aleš
Published: July 2020

On the occasion of Radio Študent’s 50th anniversary, the article focuses on its place in modern society – the conditions and manner of enunciation in the situation in which it has found itself and from which it is coming from. It does that by comparing Balibar’s analysis of the current state of democracy and conceptualization of the principle of democracy with its situation and mode of operation. The aim is to highlight the specificity of Radio Študent and its immanent criteria of operation: fearless speech beyond guaranteed enunciation positions in which anyone can find themselves in the times that we live in and the situation in which we have found ourselves.
Contemporary art from the perspective of post-contemporaneity
Authors: Kraner Kaja
Published: July 2020

Drawing from a selection of texts close to the conceptualization of post-contemporaneity and, to some extent, post-contemporary art, the article highlights certain characteristics of contemporary art, particularly as expressed through criticism. Contemporary art analyses from the perspective of conceptualizations of post-contemporaneity are supplemented with an attempt to contextualise the similar process of formation of the idea of contemporary art that takes place through criticism of the pre-established conception of art, especially modernism. A parallel reading of the formation of the idea of contemporary art and something that could be understood as a process of formation of post-contemporary art is further supplemented with texts from the history of ideas related to art from the formative context of the modern conception of art, i.e. from the late 18th century onwards.
Strategies of vanity
Authors: Kavšek Blaž
Published: July 2020

The article, first published on historical Radio Študent show Repetitio, deals with three distinctive historical ideal types (the New York intellectual, the honnête homme and the dandy), focusing on two of them (the honnête homme and the dandy). As their common ideological core, it identifies a distinct, in two cases even explicitly contradictory relationship with the social mechanisms of self-promotion. Despite the great geographical and temporal distance between these three ideal types, it seeks in their self-presentation manoeuvres the common ground between the opposing imperatives of modesty and the need for communicating personal virtues and achievements to the wider public.