bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taboo Topics in Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology: Strategies for Managing Challenging but Important Conversations Central to Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivorship
Authors: Perez Giselle K. , Salsman John M. , Fladeboe Kaitlyn , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Park Elyse R. , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: April 2020

Research on adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer has flourished over the past decade, underscoring the unique medical and psychosocial needs of this vulnerable group. A cancer diagnosis during adolescence and young adulthood intersects with the developmental trajectory of AYAs, derailing critical physical, social, and emotional development. AYAs face these abrupt life changes needing age-appropriate information and resources to offset these challenges. Greater attention is needed to address AYA-specific concerns on reproductive and sexual health, financial security and independence, emotional well-being, social support, and end-of-life care. If these unique needs are unaddressed, this can adversely affect AYAs’ health care engagement and overall quality of life, increasing their risk for cancer-related morbidity and early mortality. In particular, health care decisions made during treatment have important implications for AYA patients’ future health. Oncology clinicians are well positioned to address AYA patients’ concerns by anticipating and addressing the challenges this age group is likely to face. In this paper, we explore several core topics that affect AYAs’ quality of life and that can be challenging to address. Starting from the moment of diagnosis, through cancer treatment and post-treatment survivorship, and into end of life, each section highlights critical developmental-centric life domains that are affected by the cancer experience. Specifically, we discuss resources, tools, and strategies to navigate these challenging conversations. Taking a risk-reduction approach that invites two-way communication and facilitates referral to age-appropriate resources would help destigmatize these experiences and, in turn, would support the provision of compassionate and effective age-concordant care to this vulnerable group.
Targeting HER2 Alterations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xia Yang
Published: April 2020

PURPOSE

HER2 is a critical gene that drives various solid tumors in addition to those of breast cancer. For example, HER2 plays a role in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Overexpression, amplification, and point mutations in HER2 have been described in patients with NSCLC; however, the potential roles of these alterations remain unclear.

METHODS

We summarize the evidence regarding the distinct impacts of different HER2 aberrations on antitumor agents. Also, we update the therapeutic efficacy of HER2-targeted agents, including anti-HER2 antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, and small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, tested in HER2-aberrant NSCLC.

RESULTS

Although these drugs are not yet standard treatments, certain patients may benefit from these therapies. In this review, we aim to provide an improved understanding of HER2 aberrations in NSCLC, including NSCLC biology and the impacts of each aberration on prognosis and standard treatment. We also highlight the potential of novel anti-HER2 therapies approved by regulatory bodies and those in clinical development.

CONCLUSION

Compared with HER2 amplification or overexpression, HER2 mutations, especially HER2 exon 20 mutations, are emerging as the most clear targetable driver for HER2-directed therapies in lung cancer. De novo and inducible HER2 pathway activation need to be differentially managed. Further investigations with new strategies are needed.
Incidence of and Factors Associated With Prolonged and Persistent Postoperative Opioid Use in Children 0–18 Years of Age
Authors: Ward Andrew , De Souza Elizabeth , Miller Daniel , Wang Ellen , Sun Eric C. , Bambos Nicholas , Anderson T. Anthony
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND:

Long-term opioid use has negative health care consequences. Opioid-naïve adults are at risk for prolonged and persistent opioid use after surgery. While these outcomes have been examined in some adolescent and teenage populations, little is known about the risk of prolonged and persistent postoperative opioid use after common surgeries compared to children who do not undergo surgery and factors associated with these issues among pediatric surgical patients of all ages.

METHODS:

Using a national administrative claims database, we identified 175,878 surgical visits by opioid-naïve children aged ≤18 years who underwent ≥1 of the 20 most common surgeries from each of 4 age groups between December 31, 2002, and December 30, 2017, and who filled a perioperative opioid prescription 30 days before to 14 days after surgery. Prolonged opioid use after surgery (filling ≥1 opioid prescription 90–180 days after surgery) was compared to a reference sample of 1,354,909 nonsurgical patients randomly assigned a false “surgery” date. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of surgical procedures and 22 other variables of interest with prolonged opioid use and persistent postoperative opioid use (filling ≥60 days’ supply of opioids 90–365 days after surgery) for each age group.

RESULTS:

Prolonged opioid use after surgery occurred in 0.77%, 0.76%, 1.00%, and 3.80% of surgical patients ages 0–<2, 2–<6, 6–<12, and 12–18, respectively. It was significantly more common in surgical patients than in nonsurgical patients (ages 0–<2: odds ratio [OR] = 4.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 3.7–5.6]; ages 2–<6: OR = 2.5 [95% CI, 2.1–2.8]; ages 6–<12: OR = 2.1 [95% CI, 1.9–2.4]; and ages 12–18: OR = 1.8 [95% CI, 1.7–1.9]). In the multivariable models for ages 0–<12 years, few surgical procedures and none of the other variables of interest were associated with prolonged opioid use. In the models for ages 12–18 years, 10 surgical procedures and 5 other variables of interest were associated with prolonged opioid use. Persistent postoperative opioid use occurred in <0.1% of patients in all age groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Some patient characteristics and surgeries are positively and negatively associated with prolonged opioid use in opioid-naïve children of all ages, but persistent opioid use is rare. Specific pediatric subpopulations (eg, older patients with a history of mood/personality disorder or chronic pain) may be at markedly higher risk.
Our Inner Custodian
Authors: Palmén Ritva
Published: April 2020

Current approaches to understanding shame are rooted in controversial and even radically contrasting assumptions about shame and its relevance for social interaction and individual well-being. Classical and medieval sources themselves embrace surprisingly various notions about the workings of shame. While the Aristotelian tradition prevails in late antique and medieval philosophical psychology, it is also possible to discern a parallel tradition of shame that adapts and exploits Latin Stoic and eclectic material. This article surveys this largely unexplored Latin tradition (Cicero and Ambrose) and its treatment in later moral-philosophical and pastoral debates (Gregory the Great, Richard of St. Victor, Thomas Aquinas, Albert the Great, and William Peraldus). Late antique and medieval Christian authors regard a positive responsiveness to shame as a constructive habit signaling the ability to live a socially harmonious life. The discussion demonstrates the inherent moral value of shame (and other self-reflexive emotions) and the constitutive role of shame for moral agency.
Operando Time-Slicing Neutron Reflectometry Measurements of Solid Electrolyte Interphase Formation on Amorphous Carbon Surfaces of a Li-Ion Battery
Authors: Kawaura Hiroyuki , Harada Masashi , Kondo Yasuhito , Mizutani Mamoru , Takahashi Naoko , Yamada Norifumi L
Published: April 2020

A solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) is widely recognized to improve the safety and durability of lithium ion batteries. In this work, we investigate the structure and chemistry of the carbon electrode and SEI in operando during two-cycle battery operation for further understanding of the electrochemical reactions, and the effect of the hysteresis using in situ neutron reflectivity (NR) and ex situ hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES). The results revealed the structural evolution of the electrode and SEI layer, such as the change in the thickness and scattering length density (SLD) in connection with the chemical composition during the lithiation/delithiation processes. Next, the HAXPES results at the point before and after the charging/discharging process revealed the change in the chemical composition of the SEI layer due to the chemical reactions on the formation/degradation. Based on the combination of these analyses, the results showed that the SLDs of the SEI layer evaluated by NR analysis were consistent with those determined by HAXPES. Concerning the difference in the first and second cycles, the structure of the amorphous carbon electrode exhibited hysteresis due to lithiation/delithiation, whereas the chemical composition of the SEI layer after charge/discharge was almost independent of the number of cycles.
Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Replica Molds with High Mechanical Strength for Step-and-Repeat Ultraviolet Nanoimprinting
Authors: Ito Shunya , Nakamura Takahiro , Nakagawa Masaru
Published: April 2020

In this study we demonstrate that organic radical photopolymerized resins hybridized with inorganic silica nanoparticles improve the mechanical strength of replica mold materials and that organic-inorganic hybridization prolongs mold lifetime independently of mold linewidth during step-and-repeat UV nanoimprinting over 100 cycles. Silica nanoparticles with polymerizable methacryloyl groups (NPMC) were added to 1,10-decanediol dimethacrylate (MC10) and diacrylate (AC10) base monomers to enhance the mechanical properties of the replica molds. Heterogeneous combination of polymerizable groups, such as AC10 and NPMC, maintained a fluidity suitable for molding in UV nanoimprinting, and enabled the preparation of hybrid replica materials with a high inorganic silica content of 56.9 wt% (37.0 vol%). Nanoindentation measurements revealed that the hybrid replica materials with 37.0 vol% silica showed a Young’s modulus of 4.4 GPa. Only the 45-nm-linewidth patterns of AC10-based replica molds without NPMC showed line-collapse defects after imprint cycle tests, while the 45- and 100-nm-linewidth shapes of the hybrid resin materials with NPMC remained intact after 128 step-and-repeat imprint cycles and nanoindentation measurements.
Ergogenic Effect of Nitrate Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: SENEFELD JONATHON W. , WIGGINS CHAD C. , REGIMBAL RILEY J. , DOMINELLI PAOLO B. , BAKER SARAH E. , JOYNER MICHAEL J.
Published: April 2020

Although over 100 studies and reviews have examined the ergogenic effects of dietary nitrate (NO3
−) supplementation in young, healthy men and women, it is unclear if participant and environmental factors modulate the well-described ergogenic effects—particularly relevant factors include biological sex, aerobic fitness, and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) during exercise. To address this limitation, the literature was systematically reviewed for randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled studies reporting exercise performance outcome metrics with NO3
− supplementation in young, healthy adults. Of the 2033 articles identified, 80 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analysis demonstrated that exercise performance improved with NO3
− supplementation compared with placebo (d = 0.174; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.120–0.229; P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses conducted on biological sex, aerobic fitness, and FiO2 demonstrated that the ergogenic effect of NO3
− supplementation was as follows: 1) not observed in studies with only women (n = 6; d = 0.116; 95% CI, −0.126 to 0.358; P = 0.347), 2) not observed in well-trained endurance athletes (≥65 mL·kg−1·min−1; n = 26; d = 0.021; 95% CI, −0.103 to 0.144; P = 0.745), and 3) not modulated by FiO2 (hypoxia vs normoxia). Together, the meta-analyses demonstrated a clear ergogenic effect of NO3
− supplementation in recreationally active, young, healthy men across different exercise paradigms and NO3
− supplementation parameters; however, the effect size of NO3
− supplementation was objectively small (d = 0.174). NO3
− supplementation has more limited utility as an ergogenic aid in participants with excellent aerobic fitness that have optimized other training parameters. Mechanistic research and studies incorporating a wide variety of subjects (e.g., women) are needed to advance the study of NO3
− supplementation; however, additional descriptive studies of young, healthy men may have limited utility.
Burn Injury Does Not Exacerbate Heat Strain during Exercise while Wearing Body Armor
Authors: FISCHER MADS , CRAMER MATTHEW N. , HUANG MU , BELVAL LUKE N. , WATSO JOSEPH C. , CIMINO FRANK A. , CRANDALL CRAIG G.
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Although evaporative heat loss capacity is reduced in burn-injured individuals with extensive skin grafts, the thermoregulatory strain due to a prior burn injury during exercise-heat stress may be negligible if the burn is located underneath protective clothing with low vapor permeability.

Purpose

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that heat strain during exercise in a hot–dry environment while wearing protective clothing would be similar with and without a simulated torso burn injury.

Methods

Ten healthy individuals (8 men/2 women) underwent three trials wearing: uniform (combat uniform, tactical vest, and replica torso armor plates), uniform with a 20% total body surface area simulated torso burn (uniform + burn), or shorts (and sports bra) only (control). Exercise consisted of treadmill walking (5.3 km·h−1; 3.7% ± 0.9% grade) for 60 min at a target heat production of 6.0 W·kg−1 in 40.0°C ± 0.1°C and 20.0% ± 0.6% relative humidity conditions. Measurements included rectal temperature, heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and thermal sensation.

Results

No differences in rectal temperature (P ≥ 0.85), heart rate (P ≥ 0.99), thermal sensation (P ≥ 0.73), or RPE (P ≥ 0.13) occurred between uniform + burn and uniform trials. In the control trial, however, core temperature, heart rate, thermal sensation, and RPE were lower compared with the uniform and uniform + burn trials (P ≤ 0.04 for all).

Conclusions

A 20% total body surface area simulated torso burn injury does not further exacerbate heat strain when wearing a combat uniform. These findings suggest that the physiological strain associated with torso burn injuries is not different from noninjured individuals when wearing protective clothing during an acute exercise-heat stress.
Independent Influence of Skin Temperature on Whole-Body Sweat Rate
Authors: HOSPERS LILY , CHEUVRONT SAMUEL N. , KENEFICK ROBERT W. , JAY OLLIE
Published: April 2020

Purpose

It is often assumed that a person with a higher mean skin temperature (Tsk) will sweat more during exercise. However, it has not yet been demonstrated whetherTskdescribes any individual variability in whole-body sweat rate (WBSR) independently of the evaporative requirement for heat balance (Ereq).

Methods

One hundred forty bouts of 2-h treadmill walking completed by a pool of 21 participants (23 ± 4 yr, 174 ± 8 cm, 76 ± 11 kg, 1.9 ± 0.2 m2) under up to nine conditions were analyzed. Trials employed varying rates of metabolic heat production (Hprod; 197–813 W), and environmental conditions (15°C, 20°C, 25°C, 30°C; all 50% relative humidity), yielding a wide range ofEreq(86–684 W) andTskvalues (26.9°C–34.4°C).

Results

The individual variation observed in WBSR was best described usingEreq(in watts;R2= 0.784) as a sole descriptor, relative toEreq(in watts per meter squared;R2= 0.735),Hprod(in watts;R2= 0.639),Hprod(in watts per meter squared;R2= 0.584), ambient air temperature (Ta) (R2= 0.263), andTsk(R2= 0.077; all,P< 0.001). A multiple stepwise linear regression included onlyEreq(in watts; adjustedR2= 0.784), withTsknot significantly correlating with the residual variance (P= 0.285), independently ofEreq(in watts).Hprod(in watts) had similar predictive strength toEreq(in watts) at a fixed air temperature, explaining only 5.2% at 30°C, 4.9% at 25°C, 2.7% at 20°C, and 0.5% at 15°C (all,P< 0.001) less variance in WBSR compared withEreq. However, when data from all ambient temperatures were pooled,Hprodalone was a markedly worse predictor of WBSR thanEreq(R2= 0.639 vs 0.784;P< 0.001).

Conclusions

Ereq(in watts) explained approximately four-fifths of the individual variation in WBSR over a range of ambient temperatures and exercise intensities, whereasTskdid not explain any residual variance independently ofEreq.
Report of a unique case of gemcitabine-induced radiation recall myelitis following spinal cord irradiation
Authors: Masson Ingrid , Supiot Stéphane , Doutriaux-Dumoulin Isabelle , Thillays François
Published: April 2020

Radiation recall is a rare phenomenon, defined as an acute inflammatory reaction in a previously irradiated area, after administration of anti-tumor agents, including chemotherapy. It is most commonly reported to trigger skin reactions but internal organ involvement is possible, particularly with gemcitabine. We report here a unique case of a gemcitabine-induced radiation recall myelitis following spinal irradiation.

A 53-year-old patient received analgesic irradiation of the seventh thoracic vertebra (T7) in the context of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer, at conventional radiotherapy dose and fractionation. She was subsequently treated with gemcitabine and developed myelitis whose chronology is compatible with a radiation recall reaction. Spinal MRI confirmed a T6–T7 spinal cord enhancement, with an associated spinal cord oedema. Corticosteroids and supportive care did not improve myelitis symptoms. The patient died within a year of the radiation recall, due to a metastatic progression of lung cancer.

This is, to our knowledge, the first reported case of gemcitabine-induced radiation recall myelitis and only the third case involving the spinal cord. Radiation recall is a rare and poorly understood phenomenon and all cases should be reported.
Efetividade e toxicidade da cloroquina e da hidroxicloroquina associada (ou não) à azitromicina para tratamento da COVID-19. O que sabemos até o momento?
Authors: Menezes Carolline Rodrigues , Sanches Cristina , Chequer Farah Maria Drumond
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: identificar as evidências científicas existentes até o presente momento sobre a efetividade do uso da cloroquina, da hidroxicloroquina associada (ou não) à azitromicina para tratamento da afecção pelo coronavírus e seus possíveis efeitos adversos e tóxicos aos seres humanos. Métodos: a revisão narrativa utilizou-se das bases de dados PubMed, LILACS, SciElo e Google Acadêmico. Nessas, buscaram-se estudos, utilizando-se dos descritores “covid”, “coronavirus”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “chloroquine”, “hydroxychloroquine”, “azithromycin” e “adverse effects” junto com os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Resultados: sete artigos, das trinta publicações encontradas, atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, sendo utilizados para compor a presente revisão. Dos sete ensaios clínicos analisados, cinco apresentaram resultados de cura e/ou remissão dos sintomas e/ou redução da carga viral dos pacientes, no entanto apresentaram muitas limitações. Conclusão: a literatura científica é escassa e divergente quanto à efetividade dos medicamentos cloroquina e hidroxicloroquina associada (ou não) à azitromicina no tratamento da COVID-19, pela rápida disseminação e instalação da pandemia na esfera global. É necessário a realização de ensaios clínicos pragmáticos, envolvendo um número maior de pacientes, para que seja possível analisar a efetividade no combate ao coronavírus, bem como a segurança do uso desses fármacos.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Pancreatic Pseudocyst drainage experience at a tertiary care unit
Authors: Kazim Erum , Taj Muhammad Ali , Zulfikar Imrana , Azeem Jawad
Published: April 2020

Objective: To evaluate the clinical success, technical success and complications related to Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) drainage.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on the patients with symptomatic PPC who presented over a period of three years, between January 2015 and September 2018, at Endoscopic Suite of Surgical Unit 4, Civil Hospital, Karachi. Record was analyzed for demographic data, indications for the procedure, complications and success related to EUS guided drainage. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS Version 22.

Results: Total number of patients was 71. Mean age was 37.20 ± 17.27 years with a range of 6 to 68 years. Complications occurred in 12 (8.52%) patients, including stent migration (5/12), bleeding (4/12), infection (1/12), intra-abdominal abscess (1/12) and perforation (1/12). Technical success was achieved in 100% and clinical success in 97.1%. There was no procedure-related mortality.

Conclusion: Pancreatic pseudocyst (PPC) is a known complication of acute as well as chronic pancreatitis which can have dreaded and appalling effects. In this part of the world with limited and scarce resources, EUS guided drainage of PPC is most feasible and rational with minimal complications, thus making it a front runner procedure.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1442

How to cite this:Kazim E, Taj MA, Zulfikar I, Azeem J. Endoscopic Ultrasound Guided Pancreatic Pseudocyst drainage experience at a tertiary care unit. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(4):637-641. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.4.1442

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
An Investigation on Gamma-Ray Shielding Properties of Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glasses
Authors: Şekerci M. , Özdoğan H. , Kaplan A.
Published: April 2020

Studies on bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have grown considerably, especially in recent years, due to their noticeable properties such as high glass forming ability, corrosion resistance, large elastic limit, chemical, mechanical and magnetic properties. Among the known and studied samples of BMGs, Zr-based ones have been appointed as possible examples in biomaterial and structural material studies due to their good mechanical and corrosive properties and good biocompatibility. In this study, considering the importance of Zr-based BMGs, an investigation on their gamma-ray shielding properties have been done where five different samples have been utilized which are Zr51Al14.2Ni15.9Cu18.9, Zr52Al12.9Ni13.8Cu21.3, Zr53Al11.6Ni11.7Cu23.7, Zr54Al10.2Ni9.4Cu26.4 and Zr55Al8.9Ni7.3Cu28.8. Mass attenuation coefficients of the samples have been obtained by using Geant4 and XCOM between 0.1-15 MeV incident photon energy. Also, mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff) and electron density (Neff) values of the samples in the given energy range have been obtained. Obtained results have been graphed for better visual comparison and interpretation.
237Np reactions with fast neutrons: a phenomenological study
Authors: Sideris I. , Kolovi S. , Khaliel A. , Stamatopoulos A. , Mertzimekis T. J.
Published: April 2020

Neptunium presents various opportunities as nuclear fuel, especially in deep–space mission power generators. As it is part of the nuclear spent fuel in PWR, waste management concerns due to 237Np long α-emitting half-life have attracted some attention recently. The scarcity of experimental data in the fast neutron energy range highlights the necessity to investigate the radiative neutron capture and neutron–induced fission cross sections of this radioisotope. In the present work, statistical modeling of these reactions is performed using TALYS in an extended range of neutron energies between 10 keV and 20 MeV. In total, 72 different combinations of code parameters were selected to study the level density and γ-strength function dependence of the cross section in 238Np. Preequilibrium and compound nucleus formation phenomena are also examined. Theoretical calculations are compared to available experimental total cross section data found in literature in an attempt to investigate any discrepancies between experiment and theory and validate statistical uncertainties.
Geant4 Simulations of the gSPEC Experimental Apparatus
Authors: Maniatis N. , Mertzimekis Theo J.
Published: April 2020

A new setup (gSPEC) for the measurements of magnetic moments in exotic species is proposed for development at FAIR, the international nuclear facility currently under construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The experimental setup will use a few of the state–of–the–art segmented DEGAS detectors available at GSI, acquire a new large dipole magnet to induce external magnetic fields required for the application of the Time–Differential Perturbed Angular Distribution (TDPAD) technique and integrate ancillary detection systems as part of a research plan to study the properties of exotic species that will made available at FAIR. At the current stage, the envisioned gSPEC setup is still in R&D. Several configurations of the detectors are considered, but optimization relies on detailed simulations of the total efficiency in various geometries. In this work, DEGAS detectors and a split–pole superconducting magnet are studied using the latest GEANT4 simulation package. The simulations aim to offer insight on the detector setup performance before gSPEC is actually constructed.
CALIBRA: A national research infrastructure for accelerator-based research and applications
Authors: Harissopulos S. , Lagoyannis A. , Axiotis M. , Stamatelatos I.
Published: April 2020

CALIBRA stands for Cluster of Accelerator Laboratories for Ion-Beam Research and Applications, i.e., the Research Infrastructure proposed in 2014 to the General Secretariat for Research and Technology (GSRT) in response to the call for the establishment of the Greek National Roadmap for Research Infrastructures (RI). CALIBRA is planned to be completed in phases with the first one being implemented through the homonym project that is funded by the currently running Partnership Agreement for the Development Framework (ΕΣΠΑ 2014-2020). The CALIBRA project aims at establishing and operating an accelerator-based research infrastructure open to the national and the European scientific community to conduct research at excellence level, develop innovative applications of increased socioeconomic impact, and provide highly-specialized services, unique at the country level, to the public and private sector. CALIBRA is implemented at the Tandem Accelerator Laboratory of NCSR “Demokritos”. The project had its kickoff meeting in November 2017.
WKB EQUIVALENT POTENTIALS FOR THE q-DEFORMED HARMONIC AND ANHARMONIC OSCILLATORS
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Daskaloyannis C. , Kokkotas K.
Published: April 2020

WKB equivalent potentials ( WKB-EP) giving the same WKB spectrum as the q-deformed harmonic oscillator with symmetry SUq(2) are determined. The WKB-EP's of the anharmonic oscillator systems with Uq(2) or SUq(1,1) symmetries are also calculated.
Generalized deformed SU(2) algebras in Nuclear Physics
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Daskaloyannis C. , Kolokotronis P.
Published: April 2020

A generalized deformed algebra SUφ(2), characterized by a structure function Φ. is obtained. The usual SU(2) and SUq(2) algebras correspond to specific choices of the structure function Φ. The action of the generators of the algebra on the relevant basis vectors, as well as the eigenvalues of the Casimir operator, are easily obtained. Possible applications in improving phenomenological nuclear models are discussed.
Symmetry algebra of the planar anisotropic quantum harmonic oscillator with rational ratio of frequencies
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Daskaloyannis C. , Kolokotronis P. , Lenis D.
Published: April 2020

The symmetry algebra of the two-dimensional quantum harmonic oscillator with rational ratio of frequencies is identified as a non-linear extension of the u(2) algebra. The finite dimensional representation modules of this algebra are studied and the energy eigenvalues are de- termined using algebraic methods of general applicability to quantum superintegrable systems.
High Spin States in 193Hg
Authors: Fotiades N. , Et al. -
Published: April 2020

The high-spin structure of 193Hg was investigated by in-beam γ-ray spectro­scopic techniques. The tandem accelerator at Daresbury Laboratory, U. K., was used to populate excited states of 193Hg through the reaction 150Nd(48Ca,5n)193Hg at a beam energy of 213 MeV and the EUROGAM detector array was used to de­ tect the γ-rays emitted by the deexciting nuclei. The normal level scheme has been further extended and a new band has been observed. In addition two new ΔI=1 structures of competing dipole and quadrupole transitions were found which will be discussed in detail.
Physics contributions from IPP Garching to the fusion program
Authors: Brakel R.
Published: April 2020

N/A
Energy Structure and Distribution of Macroscopical Fermion Matter
Authors: Syros C.
Published: April 2020

The spatial and energy distribution of fermions are studied in the interior of mat­ter of identical fermions and extremely strong magnetic fields. The vector potential componets are {Ai = 0,1,2,3} periodic in space. The 4-spinor obey the boundary condition Φ=0 at finite distance.
Off-shell Nucleons in Intermediate Energy Physics
Authors: Poulis G. I.
Published: April 2020

I discuss some issues pertaining to vertices involving virtual (i.e. off-mass-shell) nucleons, namely, in which processes off-shell vertices appear, their transformation properties under field redefinitions, and the attempts that have been made to esti- mate their effects in electromagnetic processes at intermediate energies.
Shell model calculations in the A ~ 100 mass region
Authors: Divari P. , Skouras L. D.
Published: April 2020

The properties of nuclei with 39≤Ζ≤47 and Ν=51-52 are investigated in large scale shell-model calculations. The doubly closed nucleus 100Sn is selected as the reference state and the nuclei under examination are described in terms of proton holes and one up two neutrons outside the inert core. The proton holes are distributed in a model space consisting of the orbitals g9/2, p1/2, p3/2 while f5/2 is sometimes also considerd. Similary the model space for the neutron particles in­ cludes the orbitals g7/2, d5/2, d3/2, s1/2 and in certain cases h11/2. The effective two-body interaction and the matrix elements of the effective operators were deter­ mined by introducing second-order corrections to the Sussex matrix elements. The single proton holes as well as the single-neutron energies were treated as parameters which were determined by least-squares fit to the observed levels of 39≤Ζ≤47, Ν=50 and Ν=51 respectively. The results of the calculation were found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental data and this enable us to make predictions about the properties of some exotic nuclei in the vicinity of 100Sn.
Radon Measurements in Bottled Waters in Greece
Authors: Stamoulis K. C. , Ioannides K. G. , Patiris D. C.
Published: April 2020

Underground waters pass through various types of rocks, which may contain radium and uranium isotopes in such concentrations and chemical forms that could be diluted in the water body. Thus it is possible to contain significant quantities of these radioisotopes such as radium (226Ra), which decays producing a series of alpha and beta emitters that remain in the water. Among them, radon (222Rn) and isotopes of polonium (214Po and 218Po) contribute to significant doses. In this work, we measured radium/radon concentration levels in bottled waters commercially available in Greece. Samples were concentrated by a factor of 20-100, in order to obtain more accurate results, because in the majority of the samples the concentrations measured initially were very low. To measure the radioactivity concentrations, 10 mL of concentrated sample were added to 10 mL of scintillation cocktail in a 20 mL plastic vial and then were counted with a liquid scintillation analyzer. The results show that radium/radon concentrations of the bottled waters range from 7-70 mBq/L.
Variational procedure leading from Davidson potentials to the E(5)and X(5) critical point symmetries
Authors: Bonatsos Dennis , Lenis D. , Minkov N. , Petrellis D. , Raychev P. P. , Terziev P. A.
Published: April 2020

Davidson potentials of the form β^2 + β0^4/β^2, when used in the original Bohr Hamiltonian for γ-independent potentials bridge the U(5) and 0(6) symmetries. Using a variational procedure, we determine for each value of angular momentum L the value of β0 at which the derivative of the energy ratio RL = E(L)/E(2) with respect to β0 has a sharp maximum, the collection of RL values at these points forming a band which practically coincides with the ground state band of the E(5) model, corresponding to the critical point in the shape phase transition from U(5) to Ο(6). The same potentials, when used in the Bohr Hamiltonian after separating variables as in the X(5) model, bridge the U(5) and SU(3) symmetries, the same variational procedure leading to a band which practically coincides with the ground state band of the X(5) model, corresponding to the critical point of the U(5) to SU(3) shape phase transition. A new derivation of the Holmberg-Lipas formula for nuclear energy spectra is obtained as a by-product.
The Neutron Facility at NCSR "Demokritos"- Implementation in the Case of the 232Th(n,2n) and 241Am(n,2n) Reactions
Authors: Vlastou R. , Papadopoulos C. T. , Perdikakis G. , Kokkoris M. , Kossionides S. , Karamanis D. , Assimakopoulos P. A.
Published: April 2020

In the 5.5 MV tandem T11/25 Accelerator Laboratory of NCSR "Demokritos" monoenergetic neutron beams can be produced in the energy ranges 120-650 keV, 4-11.5 MeV and 16-20.5 MeV by using the 7Li(p,n), 2H(d,n) and 3H(d,n) reactions, respectively. The corresponding beam energies and ions delivered by the accelerator, are 1.92-2.37 MeV protons, 0.8-9.6 MeV deuterons and 0.8-3.7 MeV deuterons, for the three reactions, respectively. Experimental results for neutron energies from threshold up to 11.5 MeV and at 17.1 MeV will be given for the 232Th(n,2n)231Th reaction, while for the 241 Am(n,2n)240 Am reaction, preliminary cross section data at 10.4, 10.6 and 17.1 MeV will be discussed. In the framework of the CERN n-TOF collaboration, the cross section of these reactions have been measured relative to the 197Au(n,2n)196Au, 27Al(n,a)24Na and 93Nb(n,2n) reaction cross sections, by using the activation method. In addition to the experimental work, theoretical Statistical model calculations are being carried out using the computer code STAPRE/F. The results are compared to the experimental data.
The Nuclear Equation of State in Heavy Ion Collisions
Authors: Gaitanos T. , Colonna M. , Di Toro M. , Wolter H. H.
Published: April 2020

We present several possibilities offered by the dynamics of intermediate energy heavy ion collisions to investigate the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS) beyond the ground state. In particular the relation between the reaction dynamics and the high density nuclear EoS is discussed by comparing theoretical results with experiments.
A Simplified Analytic Treatment of Shell-Effects in Metal Clusters
Authors: Kotsos B. A. , Grypeos M. E.
Published: April 2020

A simplified treatment of shell-effects in metal clusters, such as those of Na, is considered. This treatment is carried out by means of an approximate scheme based on the spherical harmonic oscillator jellium model and its advantage is that it suggests the possibility quantities of physical interest to be calculated analytically. As a result, the variation of these quantities with the number of the valence electrons of the atoms in the cluster could be given explicitly in certain cases.
On the Possible Stability of Tetraneutron and Hexaneutron
Authors: Anagnostatos G. S.
Published: April 2020

A specific cluster approach, in the framework of the Isomorphic Shell Model, is employed to examine the possible stability of 2n, 4n, and 6n. According to this study 2n is definitely unstable, while 4n and 6n could be stable or, at least, exhibit a low-lying resonance. Better knowledge of the strength of the neutron-neutron force is highly desirable.
Speed of sound constraints on maximally-rotating neutron stars
Authors: Margaritis Chrysovalantis , Koliogiannis Koutmiridis Polychronis , Moustakidis Charalampos
Published: April 2020

In the present work we provide a theoretical treatment concerning the effects of the upper bound of the sound speed in dense matter on the bulk properties of maximally-rotating (at mass-shedding limit) neutron stars. We investigate to what extent the possible predicted (from various theories and conjectures) upper bounds on the speed of sound constrain various key quantities, such as the maximum mass and the corresponding radius, Keplerian frequency, Kerr parameter and moment of inertia. We mainly focus on the lower proposed limit, , and we explore in which mass region a rotating neutron star collapses to a black hole. In any case, useful relations of the mentioned bulk properties with the transition density are derived and compared with the corresponding non-rotating cases.
Study of the 232Th(n,f) Cross section at NCSR ‘Demokritos’ using Micromegas Detectors
Authors: Chasapoglou Sotirios , Tsantiri A. , Kalamara A. , Kokkoris M. , Michalopoulou V. , Stamatopoulos A. , Vlastou R. , Lagoyannis A. , Eleme Z. , Patronis N.
Published: April 2020

The accurate knowledge of neutron-induced fission cross sections in actinides, is of great importance when it comes to the design of fast nuclear reactors, as well as accelerator driven systems. Specifically for the 232Th(n,f) case, the existing experimental datasets are quite discrepant in both the low and high energy MeV regions, thus leading to poor evaluations, a fact that in turn implies the need for more accurate measurements.In the present work, the total cross section of the 232Th(n,f) reaction has been measured relative to the 235U(n,f) and 238U(n,f) ones, at incident energies of 7.2, 8.4, 9.9 MeV and 14.8, 16.5, 17.8 MeV utilizing the 2H(d,n) and 3H(d,n) reactions respectively, which generally yield quasi-monoenergetic neutron beams. The experiments were performed at the 5.5 MV Tandem accelerator laboratory of N.C.S.R. “Demokritos”, using a Micromegas detector assembly and an ultra thin ThO2 target, especially prepared for fission measurements at n_ToF, CERN during its first phase of operations, using the painting technique. The masses of all actinide samples were determined via α-spectroscopy. The produced fission yields along with the results obtained from activation foils were studied in parallel, using both the NeusDesc [1] and MCNP5 [2] codes, taking into consideration competing nuclear reactions (e.g. deuteron break up), along with neutron elastic and inelastic scattering with the beam line, detector housing and experimental hall materials. Since the 232Th(n,f) reaction has a relatively low energy threshold and can thus be affected by parasitic neutrons originating from a variety of sources, the thorough characterization of the neutron flux impinging on the targets is a prerequisite for accurate cross-section measurements, especially in the absence of time-of-flight capabilities. Additional Monte-Carlo simulations were also performed coupling both GEF [3] and FLUKA [4] codes for the determination of the detection efficiency.
Isomeric Cross Section Study of Neutron Induced Reactions on Ge Isotopes
Authors: Vlastou R. , Kalamara A. , Gkatis G. , Stamatopoulos A. , Chasapoglou S. , Kokkoris M. , Axiotis M. , Lagoyannis A. , Stamatelatos I. E.
Published: April 2020

In the present work, natural Ge targets have been irradiated by  neutron beams of  17.7 and 19.3 MeV, at the 5MV tandem accelerator of NCSR "Demokritos". The cross section of the 72,74Ge(n,α)69,71Zn and 76Ge(n,2n)75Ge reactions, leading to the population of isomeric states,  has been deduced with respect to the  27Al(n,α)24Na  and  93Nb(n,2n)92mNb  reference  reactions. After the neutron irradiations, the induced γ-ray activity of the Ge target and reference foils, was measured with high-resolution HPGe detectors.
GeoMAREA: A Gamma‐ray spectrometer for in‐situ marine environmental applications
Authors: Tsabaris Christos , Androulakaki Effrosini G , Patiris Dionisis L , Maragos Fotis , Eleftheriou Georgios , Pappa Filothei K , Alexakis Stylianos , Kokkoris Michael , Vlastou Roza
Published: April 2020

A new medium resolution (based on a 2″x2″CeBr3 crystal) gamma-ray spectrometer named “GeoMAREA” was developed and applied for measuring radioactivity in aquatic environments. The system is capable for qualitative and quantitative measurement of radionuclides in aquatic environments with maximum depth of deployment up to 600 m. A special software is developed to fulfill different demands of the end-users in order to: a) provide real time data using the cable mode, b) perform communication tasks with a data center transferring (near) real time data, c) provide time series in sequential buffers for continuous monitoring in a stand-alone mode and d) provide profile data and subsequently maps using mobile vehicles (underway mode). The spectrometer was calibrated first using point sources for energy, energy resolution and efficiency. The system offers activity concentrations of all detected gamma-ray emitters in Bq/m3 using the marine efficiency calibration, which is reproduced via the MCNPX code [1]. Two experimental points were used for validation of the theoretical estimation obtained by two reference sources (137Cs and 40K) diluted in a water-filled tank. Currently, GeoMAREA is deployed in a closed aquatic system where groundwater discharges (Anavalos, Kiveri, Greece). A first estimation of the intrinsic background of the crystal at the emission energy area of 40K is estimated. Additionally, an inter-comparison exercise with the low resolution system KATERINA II [2], is also described.
Use of strictureplasty technique for surgical treatment of ileal endometriosis: a case series
Authors: Alboni Carlo , Camacho Mattos Ludovica , Facchinetti Fabio , Cabry Francesca , Serra Francesco , Ricciardolo Andrea , Mabrouk Mohamed , Gelmini Roberta
Published: April 2020

Intestinal deep infiltrating endometriosis is the most frequent extragenital localisation and its traditional surgical treatment is segmental resection of the affected tract. The need for implementing alternative techniques in the treatment of intestinal endometriosis arises from those cases of multiple ileal and recto-sigmoidal localisations, in which removing excessive lengths of intestine could lead to a higher rate of adverse events. Ileal endometriosis represents 4.7% of all intestinal localisations, often associated with multiple lesions and yet, to the best of our knowledge, there are no data on techniques other than intestinal resection for its treatment. Since its capacity to solve fibrostenotic lesions without removing centimeters of intestine, strictureplasty is widely implemented in the management of Crohn’s disease. We propose the use of strictureplasty for the treatment of ileal endometriosis. We performed surgical treatment for symptomatic deep infiltrating endometriosis in two patients with either ileal and sigmoidal localisations. We approached ileal nodules with strictureplasty technique, while sigmoidal nodules were removed by traditional segmental resection. No complications occurred and both patients are now asymptomatic after a 12 months-follow up. Therefore, strictureplasty could provide a tool to eliminate small bowel endometriosis maintaining a regular caliber of the ileal tract without modifying its length.
Gene editing in dermatology: Harnessing CRISPR for the treatment of cutaneous disease
Authors: Baker Catherine , Hayden Matthew S.
Published: April 2020

The discovery of the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) system has revolutionized gene editing research. Through the repurposing of programmable RNA-guided CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases, CRISPR-based genome editing systems allow for the precise modification of specific sites in the human genome and inspire novel approaches for the study and treatment of inherited and acquired human diseases. Here, we review how CRISPR technologies have stimulated key advances in dermatologic research.  We discuss the role of CRISPR in genome editing for cutaneous disease and highlight studies on the use of CRISPR-Cas technologies for genodermatoses, cutaneous viruses and bacteria, and melanoma. Additionally, we examine key limitations of current CRISPR technologies, including the challenges these limitations pose for the widespread therapeutic application of CRISPR-based therapeutics.
Queensland Cardiovascular Data Linkage (QCard): A population-based cohort study
Authors: Byrnes Joshua , Nghiem Son , Afoakwah Clifford , Scuffham Paul A.
Published: April 2020

Queensland is Australia's hotspot for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Critically, beyond modifiable lifestyle risk factors; socio-demographic differences and environmental factors account for significant variations in healthcare use and outcomes among cardiac patients across the country. To better understand the impacts of these factors on the health of cardiac patients, there is a need for a comprehensive and robust longitudinal cohort study that can unpack the underlying dynamics.

This paper describes the protocol for the Queensland Cardiovascular Linkage (QCard) Study. The QCard is a longitudinal linkage cohort study of cardiac patients who were first hospitalised with any cardiac condition in 2010, with follow up hospitalisations until December 2015. The primary aim of the QCard is to identify and characterise the nature and impact of socio-demographic inequality among those presenting for the first time with the most common form of CVD in Australia (heart disease) in Queensland from 2010 with minimum 5-years follow-up of subsequent healthcare utilisation and outcomes. A secondary aim is to undertake an exploration of the impact of environmental and specific health service factors on healthcare use and survival time in the same QCard cohort. Administrative public and private hospital inpatient, outpatient and emergency department data for all of Queensland will be linked with individual primary care data and pharmaceutical data. These data will also be linked to regional socio-demographic data and environmental data, as well as data that describes the features of each hospital in the region.

The findings from the study will provide critical information for cardiac patients, clinicians and health policymakers. Such information ranges from identifying most vulnerable cardiac patients who may require targeted needs to providing estimates for cost-effective ways of evaluating healthcare interventions that seek to improve the health of cardiac patients.