bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perception and identification of tones in different timbres: Using pupil diameter to investigate absolute pitch ability
Authors: Vanzella Patricia , Braun Janzen Thenille , Oliveira Guilherme AD , Sato João R , Fraga Francisco J
Published: April 2022

Absolute pitch (AP) is the ability to effortlessly identify or produce pitches without reference. However, behavioral research has shown that pitch perception and identification in certain timbres are more difficult for AP possessors. In this study, we investigate whether pitch identification and labeling in different timbres (piano and voice) would require different amounts of cognitive resource allocation. We measured accuracy, response time, and pupillary responses of 18 musicians with varying degrees of AP while performing a pitch identification test. We also examined whether behavioral and psychophysiological responses were related to aspects of musical experience, such as the age of onset of musical training, daily hours of practice, and years of musical training. Behavioral results revealed significantly longer response time for vocal tones compared to piano tones. However, there was no difference in accuracy when comparing pitch labeling in piano and vocal tones. On the psychophysiological level, pupillary responses were significantly different across timbre conditions, with larger pupil dilation for vocal tones than piano tones. We also observed an effect of key color (whether the tones corresponded to diatonic or chromatic tones in a C major scale) on pupil dilation, with greater dilation for pitches corresponding to black keys compared to white keys. These findings expand the current knowledge regarding how pitches in different timbres are processed by musicians with varying degrees of AP and open new avenues for the investigation of potentially different cognitive mechanisms involved in the processing of the human voice and musical timbres by AP possessors.
Graphene and its derivative reinforced tungsten–copper composites for electrical contact applications: A review
Authors: Lungu Magdalena Valentina , Barbu Alexandra
Published: April 2022

This review summarizes the advancement on sintered composites based on tungsten–copper (W–Cu) reinforced with graphene (Gr) or its derivative such as reduced Gr oxide (rGO) for use as electrical contacts applied in switching devices. Main synthesis approaches for preparing Gr or rGO reinforced W–Cu composite powders and their consolidations by using various powder metallurgy techniques are presented. The nature of the initial materials, synthesis conditions, processing parameters, and the relevant findings are disclosed and discussed. The improvement in microstructure and technical characteristics like density, electrical conductivity, hardness, coefficient of friction, wear rate, and arc ablation behavior of W–Cu–Gr/rGO composites are highlighted comparatively with that of unreinforced composites. This review reveals an insight into a novel class of composites as candidates for electrical contact applications.
Calcium-pyro-hydrochar derived from the spent mushroom substrate as a functional sorbent of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solutions
Authors: Kojić Marija , Mihajlović Marija , Marinović-Cincović Milena , Petrović Jelena , Katnić Đurica , Krstić Aleksandar , Butulija Svetlana , Onjia Antonije
Published: April 2022

A calcium-pyro-hydrochar (Ca-PHC) can be distinguished as a novel sorbent of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from an aqueous solution. It was obtained using hydrothermal treatment of the spent mushroom substrate (SMS), followed by a CaCl2·5H2O activation and pyrolysis. The characterisation of chars before and after modifications was done by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Batch experiments were performed to examine Ca-PHC’s sorption properties and binding mechanisms to selected metal ions. The maximum sorption capacities of Ca-PHC for Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 297 mg g−1, and 131 mg g−1, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the sorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+ by Ca-PHC follows a pseudo-second kinetic model and Freundlich isotherm. The binding of the selected metals onto Ca-PHC was enabled by the ion-exchange mechanism, surface complexation, mineral precipitation and cation–π interaction. Thermodynamic parameters indicate that metal ions binding by Ca-PHC are spontaneous and endothermic. Due to the high adsorption capacities, the obtained Ca-PHC has good potential for application in industrial wastewater treatment. In addition, the demonstrated use of SMS highlights another possibility of applying this specific biomass relevant to sustainable and economical waste management in the growing mushroom industry.
Reinventing virtual care: Bridging the healthcare system and citizen silos to create an integrated future
Authors: Borycki Elizabeth M. , Kushniruk Andre W.
Published: April 2022

The pandemic has accelerated the move to virtual care. This has included remote monitoring and implementation of technologies that allow for patient care at home and assisted living for ageing in place. Technologies are available to help consumers to maintain their health and wellness. However, challenges associated with implementing virtual care remain. In this article, we describe some of these challenges, along with the need to develop new models for promoting effective and sustainable virtual care. This includes the need for integration of institutional efforts (eg, government and hospital) with emerging access to commercially available home technologies supplied to patients and citizens. The authors argue that consideration of a personal digital ecosystem and its relation to institutional digital health ecosystems is critical. The authors suggest virtual care be considered in the combined context of the person and healthcare system. Implications for future research directions for virtual care are discussed.
Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin-coated adenovirus as a VEGF165-Ang-1 dual gene delivery vector
Authors: Huang Linling , Jiang Yi , Liu Xueping , Guo Ying , Feng Yanfei , Pan Peng , Li Mingzhong , Liu Yu
Published: April 2022

Vascularization is a key challenge in the regeneration of tissues containing blood vessels. In this study, spermine was used for cationic modification of Antheraea pernyi silk fibroin (ASF) to synthesize cationized ASF (CASF). CASF/Ad complexes prepared by coating adenovirus (Ad) with CASF were used as delivery vectors for vascular endothelial growth factor 165 and angiopoietin-1 dual genes. The results showed that the zeta potential of the Ad was reversed from −7.75 mV to approximately +8.40 mV after CASF coating, and the sizes of the CASF/Ad complexes were 200 to 290 nm. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells HUVECs were cocultured and infected with CASF/Ad in vitro. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy, flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay showed that coating Ad with CASF at concentration of 20 and 50 µg/mL not only reduced the cytotoxicity of naked Ad, but also significantly promoted cell proliferation. Therefore, the CASF/Ad complexes could be beneficial to reduce the dosage of Ad and the potential toxicity risk of high doses of Ad in vivo, which has the potential of application to promote vascular network regeneration.
The use of Latent Profile Analyses to examine social dominance orientation as a predictor of peer-to-peer aggression among adolescents
Authors: Gumpel Thomas P. , Gotdiner Vered
Published: April 2022

Peer-to-peer aggression and bullying is a social phenomenon and is related to social structures in the school. In-group membership as well as construction of the other and differentiation from other potential groups is an important predictor of one’s social identity. Social Dominance Orientation is an important addition to social identity theory as it examines both issues of social dominance and social egalitarianism and is related to out-group denigration. In this study, we examined whether social dominance theory (both the dominance and egalitarian forms) will add to the prediction of physical and relational aggression among adolescents. Using a bias-corrected 3-step approach, we used Latent Profile Analyses to examine the responses of 1617 Israeli adolescents on measures of social dominance and egalitarian orientation, salience of their social groups and moral disengagement. Based on the analysis, we identified four classes of respondents, which can be broken down into two distinct categories: high social dominance and moral disengagement and high social egalitarianism. We compared male and female adolescent respondents and group salience. We then compared the four latent profiles on the two distal variables of physical and relational peer-to-peer aggression. Findings have theoretical and applied relevance to further investigating issues of group dynamics and construction of the other as potential predictive factors in understanding peer-to-peer aggression and bullying.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Twice-Daily Dosing Schedule of Deferasirox in Transfusion-Dependent Paediatric Beta-Thalassaemia Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Panachiyil George Mathew , Babu Tirin , Sebastian Juny , Ravi Mandyam Dhati
Published: April 2022

Background: Deferasirox has proved good efficacy and acceptable safety for the management of thalassaemia patients. However, some patients are unresponsive or intolerant to once-daily administration of deferasirox even at a high dose. The current study evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of twice-daily dosing of deferasirox among transfusion-dependent paediatric beta-thalassaemia patients. Methods: This prospective randomized single-blinded parallel study included all transfusion-dependent paediatric beta-thalassaemia patients prescribed with deferasirox, who visit the study site for their regular blood transfusions and follow-up. The enrolled patients were randomized into intervention and control groups by using a simple block randomization method. In the intervention group, the once-daily dosing of deferasirox was changed to twice-daily dosing with the same total daily dose. Whereas, in the control group, the patients continued with the once-daily deferasirox dosing. The serum ferritin levels of both groups were determined on the enrolment day and after 6 months of follow-up. Results: Forty-one patients were included for analysis. A statistically significant mean decrease in serum ferritin levels was detected in the intervention group, while the serum ferritin levels of the control group significantly increased from baseline. The twice-daily dosing of deferasirox was better tolerated by the thalassaemia patients when compared to once-daily dosing. Conclusion: This study concludes that twice-daily dosing of deferasirox with the same total daily dose significantly enhances the iron chelation efficacy and tolerability among transfusion-dependent paediatric beta-thalassaemia patients when compared to once-daily regimen.
Analysis of forming characteristics for dual phase steel under warm incremental forming process
Authors: Pandre Sandeep , Kumar Gandla Praveen , Kotkunde Nitin , Suresh Kurra , Singh Swadesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

The demand for rapid prototyping techniques has been increasing in the field of automotive for the manufacturing of various parts with dissimilar shapes. In the present work, experimental and numerical investigations have been performed on an automotive-grade DP steel using an incremental sheet forming process at Room Temperature (RT) and 400°C. Various formability parameters such as fracture forming limits, limiting wall angle, forming forces, thickness distribution, and geometrical accuracy have been analysed. The fracture limits of the material are evaluated by forming varying wall angled conical (VWACF), and pyramidal (VWAPF) frustums. The fracture limits of the material formed at 400°C have been found to be 14.06% higher compared to room temperature fracture limits. The limiting wall angles for VWACF and VWAPF are found to be 70.73° ± 1.41° and 67.97° ± 1.35°, which are also higher than the formed constant wall angled frustum. The forming forces measured from experimental and FE simulations are in good agreement with the predicted forming forces from Arene’s equation. The minimum thickness obtained from experimental and FE simulations are in good agreement with each other with an absolute error of less than 4.5% and 7% for VWACF and VWAPF.
Performance analysis and optimization of a radiating fin array
Authors: Solak Kübra , Arslantürk Cihat
Published: April 2022

Space radiators are used to reject waste heat from power units, electronic devices, and various equipment in space vehicles. It is important that radiators can achieve the heat desired to be dissipated into space with the least mass. With a view to ensuring this aim, the heat transfer calculations that must be performed must be highly accurate. Therefore, the variation of conductivity with temperature should also be taken into account in the mathematical model. This paper presents heat transfer performance and optimization of a fin array consisting of straight fins put axially on a tube and radiating heat into deep space. The mathematical model yields the governing equation as a highly nonlinear integro-differential equation which is solved by the variation of parameters method (VPM). By applying an appropriate optimization procedure, the conduction–radiation parameter, Nc, providing maximum heat transfer is obtained for a given fixed fin profile emissivity, ε, opening angle among the fins, γ, and thermal conductivity parameter describing the variation of thermal conductivity, β. For the range of suitable problem parameters, optimum values of the dimensionless conduction–radiation parameter Nc, which is a combination of thermal and geometric quantities, are expressed in ε and γ for a given β. The correlation equations are expected to provide remarkable benefits to the designer.
Optimization through Taguchi and artificial neural networks on thermal performance of a radiator using graphene based coolant
Authors: Naveen NS , Kishore PS , Pujari Satish , Silas Kumar M. Daniel , Jogi Krishna
Published: April 2022

As a typical coolant in a radiator, a combination of water and ethylene glycol is often used. Since it has a lower thermal conductivity, the addition of nano particles can increase the performance of the coolant which aids in dwindling the weight and size of the radiator. This paper deals with effect of various input variables like flow rate, inlet temperature of the coolant and Vol% of nano particles (NP) on a radiator’s heat transfer parameters like heat transfer rate (Q), convective heat transfer co-efficient (h), Reynolds number (Re), Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (ff) were estimated using optimization methods through Taguchi, ANOVA and ANN. Initially Experimental trials were carried to evaluate heat transfer parameters of a radiator under forced convection by changing inlet temperature, flow rate and NP addition of a coolant. Base fluid water and EG were taken in the ratio of 70:30. To that, Nano particles of graphene were dispersed in the base fluid in the range of 0.1–0.3 Vol%. Coolant inlet temperature, flow rate and addition of nano particles were considered as input parameters (I/P). TheL27 orthogonal array was used as Design of Experiments (DOE). Q, h, Nu, Re and ffwere selected as performance variables. In addition to that, an ANOVA test through Minitab 15 was employed to evaluate the performance parameters in order to estimate each variable and its contribution in percentage. It was established that parameters like Q, h and Nu were largely influenced by the inlet temperature of a coolant, where Re and ff were impacted by flow rate. Estimation of heat transfer parameters like Q, h, Nu, Re and ff were done by using MATLAB through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and were found to be in good agreement with experimental data.
Factors influencing the citation behavior of Pakistani novice LIS researchers
Authors: Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Ali Irfan , Tahira Muzammil , Raza Shahzada Nadeem
Published: April 2022

This study aims to understand the citation behavior of LIS research graduates in terms of their citation practices, citation motivation with the perceived quality and trustworthiness of cited sources. The paper endeavors to gain an insight into their citation behavior to gender, age, qualification, and publications. An online questionnaire survey was conducted in July 2020 to collect data from researchers who have been studying or completed their research degrees from the Institute of Information Management, University of the Punjab, Lahore-Pakistan. Data showed that almost half of the researchers published articles in journals. They preferred to cite: the most recent sources, articles written by reputable authors, highly cited sources, and articles which contain high-quality references. Researchers were motivated to cite open access and impact factor journals. There was no significant relationship between gender and any of the variables of citation behavior. However, only qualification affected the citation motivation of novice researchers. The findings may guide the policymakers about fund allocation to research projects.
Publishing international library and information science journals: The changing landscape
Authors: Kim Eungi
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to examine the publication trends of Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)-indexed library and information science (LIS) journals by examining publication share growth by country and region. For this study, we used LIS journals indexed in the SJR in 2000, 2010, and 2020. The results showed that the most frequent publishers of SJR-indexed LIS journals are large commercial publishers. The top three publishers since 2000 were Taylor & Francis, Emerald, and Springer Nature, despite their publication share among SJR-indexed journals declining since this period. The top three countries in journal publishing were the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands. As the large commercial publishers have established themselves in these countries, the publication shares of these countries have also declined slightly because of the slowing growth rate of their publishers. Similarly, publication shares in both Northern America and Western Europe have declined slightly since 2000. However, the large commercial publishers, based mainly in the United Kingdom and the United States, are likely to take the lead in publishing SJR-indexed international LIS journals over the next decade. The results suggest that publishers from non-Western countries will need to publish significantly more international LIS journals indexed in the major databases to achieve a significant publication share. In conclusion, more innovative ways to support journals published in non-Western countries are needed in order to meet the essential selection criteria of the Scopus and Web of Science journal indexes.
Examining the Role and Antecedents to Partner Commitment in Influencing Joint Venture Success
Authors: Goyal Sonu , Dubey Rita
Published: April 2022

Joint ventures (JVs) are an important strategic option for corporates globally; however, their failure rate continues to be alarming as more than 50% of the JVs fail. Researchers have found partners’ commitment to a JV crucial for its success. However, not much is known about how commitment influences JV performance at each stage of JV life cycle and what drives commitment. This article uses case study methodology to evaluate the role of partners’ commitment during formation, initialization and management stages and identifies the factors that influence their level of commitment. The findings are based on primary interviews conducted with the top management executives including CEOs of two JVs formed by a leading company in the Indian retail sector.
Analysing the Customer Satisfaction Index of E-banking Using Kano (1984) Model Framework
Authors: Paul Pinku , Giri Sunil , Mitra Paroma , Haque Moon Moon
Published: April 2022

This study attempts to establish the relationship between market dynamics and service components for the quality of the service of e-banking over a period of 5 years. The study used the Kano et al. (1984) questionnaire to identify the 15 variables, determining the customer’s satisfaction for quality improvement in e-banking services, based on a survey conducted among bank customers. Kano model’s attributes of CS were quantified by calculating the CS and dissatisfaction index with the average satisfaction coefficient over the time frame. The study concludes that over time, the customer requirement has gone through a major shift from one category to the other. To maximize customer satisfaction, this study will help the banking sector to identify the essential and competitive customer requirements, and design products and services accordingly.
Does the Sukuk Issuance Boost Economic Growth? Evidence from Selected Islamic Economies
Authors: Naz Syeda Arooj , Gulzar Saqib
Published: April 2022

This article is determined to check the effects of sukuk issuance on the economic growth of the Islamic countries (Bahrain, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates). The current research has employed a dynamic panel cointegration model pooled mean group/autoregressive distributed lag (PMG/ARDL) and panel causality test to analyse the causal relationship among the study variables. The quarter data have been collected for the period of 2005–2000. The result supports the ‘Schumpeter’s supply leading hypothesis’ that enforces sukuks, leading to economic growth in the Islamic countries in the long run. The findings of this study would facilitate the policymakers in formulating the Islamic financial reforms, which would further make the Islamic financial systems more efficient in stimulating investments/financing that ultimately would enhance economic growth in the long run.
Proboscis Lateralis With Basal Encephalocele: A Report of Clinical Management and Reconstructive Approach
Authors: Chaisrisawadisuk Sarut , Khampalikit Inthira , Moore Mark H. , Anderson Peter J. , Chaisrisawadisuk Somboon
Published: April 2022

Proboscis lateralis is a rare craniofacial anomaly in which a rudimentary nasal appendage arises at the medial canthal area. The severity depends on organ involvement, including eyes, nose, cleft lip/palate, and/or concomitant intracranial anomalies. Here, we present a child with proboscis lateralis and associated trans-ethmoidal encephalocele. We suggest doing the preoperative CT and/or MRI to rule out associated intracranial anomalies and reliably preoperative planning tools. Moreover, we proposed an alternative nasal reconstructive technique using a composite graft from the proboscis mass at the same time as encephalocele repair with promising results.
Large Ensemble Teachers’ Support for Popular Music Courses in High Schools
Authors: Rolandson David M. , Conn Daniel R.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether large ensemble teachers supported the inclusion of authentic popular music courses in high school music programs. We distributed the 61-item Popular Music in High School Questionnaire (PMQ) to a nationwide, stratified sample of 1,000 high school large ensemble teachers. Participants perceived several obstacles to widespread adoption of popular music courses in high schools, with their support for curricular inclusivity dependent on region of the country, teaching assignment/duties, and teaching experience. We discuss broad implications of the findings and highlight the cyclical relationship between music teacher preparation programs and curricular music content delivered in U.S. secondary schools.
Prostate Cancer Genomics Research Disparities in Africa: Advancing Knowledge in Resource Constrained Settings
Authors: Fernandez Pedro W.
Published: April 2022

Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African descent and it is estimated that Africa will bear the highest disease burden in the next decade. Underlying genomic factors may contribute to prostate cancer disparities; however, it is unclear whether Africa has prioritised genomics research toward addressing these disparities. A Pubmed review was performed of publications spanning a 15-year period, with specific focus on prostate cancer genomics research that included samples from Africa and investigators in Africa. Data are presented on research publications from Africa relative to similar publications from different geographical regions, and more specifically, the extent of disparities and the contributions to prostate cancer knowledge as a result of genomics research that included African samples and African institutions. Limited publication output may reflect the infrastructure and funding challenges in Africa. Widespread cooperation should be fostered by sharing capacity and leveraging existing expertise to address the growing cancer burden facing the continent.
Clinicogenomic Characteristics and Treatment of Young-Onset Colorectal Cancer Patients Treated With Palliative Therapy in Real-World Practice
Authors: Jeong Hyehyun , Lee Eunjung , Kim Deokhoon , Kim Jihun , Kim Sun Young , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Tae Won , Kim Jeong Eun
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Young-onset colorectal cancer (YOCR) is increasing. This study aimed to determine the difference between advanced YOCR and non-YOCR patient outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively included patients with recurrent/metastatic colorectal cancer treated with palliative systemic therapy between 2016 and 2018. Diagnosis at < 50 years was defined as YOCR. Targeted sequencing was used to assess the mutational status.

Results

Among the 969 patients included, 210 (21.7%) were YOCR. The median progression-free survival with first-line chemotherapy (PFS1) was 9.7 vs 9.4 months ( P = .755), and the median overall survival (OS) was 25.9 vs 22.3 months ( P = .581) in the YOCR and the non-YOCR group, respectively. However, the youngest patients diagnosed at < 30 years showed poorer survival outcomes (median PFS1, 3.9 months; median OS, 8.6 months) compared with other age groups. PFS1 did not differ between YOCR and non-YOCR by choice of treatment regimen. Among the 340 patients with targeted sequencing results, YOCR had fewer APC mutations (61% vs 80%), but had similar KRAS (53% vs 48%), NRAS (7% vs 3%), and BRAF class I mutations (4% vs 6%). The median tumor mutational burden (TMB) was 10.9 vs 12.5 mut/Mb in YOCR and non-YOCR patients, respectively ( P = .064). TMB increased with age in tumors with high microsatellite instability (Pearson’s R = .69, P = .028), but not in microsatellite-stable tumors ( R = .02, P = .658).

Conclusions

Survival outcomes with palliative systemic therapy were similar between recurrent/metastatic YOCR and non-YOCR with an age cut-off of 50 years. However, patients diagnosed at < 30 years of age showed poorer outcomes compared with other age groups.
A Global View of Women, Prison, and Aftercare: A Call for Reform
Authors: Beichner Dawn , Hagemann Otmar
Published: April 2022

Ending violence against women—part of the priority theme of the CSW65—is an international human rights issue. We must prevent and combat violence against all women, including those who are incarcerated worldwide. Incarcerated women are among the most marginalized populations; they have suffered numerous victimizations without ever seeing their perpetrators brought to justice. Though most incarcerated women have committed non-violent offenses, they are locked away in prisons, far away from their loved ones, and subject to inhumane conditions. According to international human rights law, preventing VAW is the responsibility of the State in all contexts, including prisons. In this article, we acknowledge the global treatment of women in prison as a form of State violence against women and provide policy reform for incarcerated women worldwide. We propose four strategies to reform women's incarceration worldwide: (1) recognizing and dismantling systemic and institutionalized discrimination and biases; (2) abolition of prison sentences for non-violent offenders; (3) restorative approaches to aftercare (or reentry); and (4) making children the priority.
Moving Beyond a Reliance on Criminal Legal Strategies to Address the Root Causes of Domestic and Sexual Violence
Authors: Peacock Dean
Published: April 2022

This article is intended to support discussions about how to effectively address domestic and sexual violence. It proposes the following key strategies: expanding beyond police, courts, and prisons; adopting upstream approaches to address the social, structural, institutional, and historical drivers of violence; and using evidence-based strategies to prevent violence from happening in the first place. Comparing the United States, South Africa, India, and Brazil, the article makes the case that advocates working to address domestic and sexual violence have relied too heavily on criminal legal sanctions. Not only does this result in unmet needs of both survivors and their communities but it also expands the repressive powers of police and prosecutors and contributes to steadily growing levels of incarceration. The article concludes by calling for services that better meet the needs of survivors and for the rapid scale-up of prevention strategies, both evidence-based interventions and legal and policy approaches that address the root causes of men's violence.
Women Mobilizing for Change: Resisting State Violence from Repressive Drug Policies
Authors: Birgin Ruth , Fernández Adrià Cots , Nougier Marie , Youngers Coletta
Published: April 2022

Punitive drug laws have had a differentiated and violent impact on women. State-driven stigma, criminalization, and abuse act as major barriers between women who use drugs and critical services, driving disproportionate health and safety harms. At the same time, women involved in illegal drug activities suffer the brunt of disproportionate drug laws, which exacerbate poverty and intersecting forms of discrimination, and have increased dramatically the global number of women behind bars. Although UN fora and women's rights organizations have paid little attention to their situation, affected women have mobilized to affirm their rights and vindicate their experiences, including at CSW65. From grassroots campaigns to organizations of formerly incarcerated women or peer-led harm reduction programs, women have stepped in to provide the support that States have failed to deliver. Decriminalization, reforms of draconian drug laws, gender-sensitive harm reduction services, and peer-led initiatives are essential to tackle violence against women.
Lichenoid drug eruption associated with imatinib mesylate therapy
Authors: Alexandris Dimitrios , Alevizopoulos Nektarios , Marinos Leonidas , Kanellis Georgios , Gakiopoulou Charikleia
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Imatinib Mesylate (IM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been reported to cause several adverse reactions, most of them with cutaneous involvement. Non- Lichenoid IM associated skin reactions have been sufficiently- recorded. To our knowledge, Lichenoid Drug Eruption (LDE) is recorded in a minority of registries.

Case report

To describe an LDE induced case by IM treatment.

Treatment and outcome

Histological Confirmation and promptly dermatological consultation relieved successfully the cutaneous adverse event.

Discussion

Ongoing expansion of IM usage in a wide spectrum of new indications is more likely to make physicians experience such LDE cutaneous side effects more often. Hence, they should be highly suspicious to early detect these distinct histologic entities, handle these undesired complications and guarantee satisfactory immediate outcomes, avoiding frivolous IM dosage modifications.
Involving Persons With Lived Experience to Improve Vocational Students’ Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Mental Disorders: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Martínez-Martínez Concepción , Sánchez-Martínez Vanessa , Aguilar-Gascón Laura , María Ortega-Galán Ángela , Diego Ramos-Pichardo Juan
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: Mental health problems are estimated to affect one in six individuals in the European Union. Fifty percent of mental disorders start in adolescence, around the age of 14. The stigma associated with having a mental health problem is one of the main barriers to seeking help for psychiatric and psychological disorders among adolescents and young adults. Interventions to reduce social stigma could contribute to increased help-seeking behavior in this population. AIMS: To assess the effectiveness of a direct contact intervention in the classroom by persons with lived experience to reduce vocational students’ stigmatizing attitudes. METHOD: One person with lived experience and one first-degree relative implemented a classroom intervention lasting 90 min. Its effectiveness was measured using a quasi-experimental study with a pretest–posttest design and within-subject control. RESULTS: A total of 128 students from three different Vocational and Technical Schools from Spain participated in the study. After the intervention, statistically significant differences were observed in the scores of 11 of the 13 dimensions measured with the Spanish Mental Illness Stigma Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27-E) and the Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness (CAMI) questionnaires. No differences associated with gender or familiarity with the mental disorder were observed. CONCLUSION: Vocational students’ negative attitudes and emotions can be improved through a direct contact intervention in the classroom involving people who have experienced a mental disorder themselves. The age range for optimal results with this type of intervention appears to be 18 to 20 years.
Analysis of a mode-I crack in a one-dimensional orthorhombic quasicrystal strip
Authors: Hu Keqiang , Yang Weilin , Fu Jiawei , Chen Zengtao , Gao Cun-Fa
Published: April 2022

A mode-I crack in a one-dimensional (1D) orthorhombic quasicrystal (QC) strip under in-plane phonon and phason stress loading is considered. Fourier transforms are applied to reduce the mixed boundary value problem of the mode-I crack to solving a system of simultaneous singular integral equations. Asymptotic expressions of the phonon and phason stresses and displacement fields near the crack tips have been obtained in an explicit form. The crack-tip singularities of the mode-I crack have been investigated and the intensity factors of the stresses in the phonon and phason fields are derived explicitly. The stress intensity factors (SIFs) and the hoop stress intensity factors (HSIFs) have been determined to investigate the effect of the geometric size and the crack kinking phenomenon. The effect of the thickness ratio of the cracked strip on the SIFs and energy release rates has been investigated. When the thickness of the cracked strip becomes infinite large, the results obtained for the crack problem can be reduced to the analytic solution for a mode-I crack in an infinite 1D orthorhombic QC media.
Early postmortem degradation of actin muscle protein in Algerian Sahraoui dromedaries
Authors: Smili Hanane , Boudida Yasmine , Becila Samira , Babelhadj Baaissa , Idder Messaouda , Chehma Abdelmajid , Adamou Abdelkader , Boudjellal Abdelghani , Sentandreu Miguel Angel , Ouali Ahmed
Published: April 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate actin degradation during the early postmortem time in Longissimus Lumborum muscle according to Sahraoui dromedary's age. A sample of eight males, young (2 years old) and adult (8 years old) dromedaries, was used to investigate meat quality traits and actin proteolysis during the conversion of muscle to meat. Results demonstrated higher pH values in young compared to adult with a polyphasic pH drop profile. While, age did not affect drip loss (DL) and the values at 72 h postmortem varied from 5 to 9%. Western blot revealed that actin proteolysis occurred since 1 h postmortem and that it was affected by age and postmortem time. In particular, the 32 and 25 kDa actin fragments could be potential markers of ongoing meat tenderization.
Effectiveness of a Promotores Network to Improve Health in an Emerging Latino Community
Authors: Taverno Ross Sharon E. , Liang Hai-Wei , Cheng Jessica , Fox Andrea , Documet Patricia I.
Published: April 2022

Background

Latinos living in emerging communities (i.e., nontraditional destinations with a small but growing population) face obstacles to their mental and physical health. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6-month, promotor-led intervention on access to care, physical activity, dietary practices, and perceived social support among Latino adults living in an emerging community, compared with a nonrandomly assigned control group.

Method

Participants ( n = 81 intervention; n = 86 control) were drawn from Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. Promotores used an intervention tool offering nondirective social support to assist participants in developing SMART goals to address their life concerns in eight domains (e.g., social, diet, and exercise/recreation); the control group received printed materials. Participants completed a survey in Spanish at baseline and follow-up to assess outcomes and had their height and weight measured. Adjusted linear mixed effects models compared change in outcomes over time.

Results

There was a marginally significant improvement in dietary practices in the intervention group at follow-up, and no change in access to care. Both groups experienced an improvement in social support. There was a significant intervention-by-time interaction such that the intervention group increased physical activity by 259 minutes/week compared with the control group.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of a promotores network in assisting individuals living in an emerging Latino community to address their life concerns and improve health behaviors. Future studies should include objective and more rigorous measures with a larger sample to replicate these results.
Long-term surgical outcomes of two different Ahmed Valve implantation techniques in refractory glaucoma: Scleral flap vs scleral tunnel
Authors: Papadopoulos Kosmas , Schröder Frank Michael , Sekundo Walter
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To compare the outcomes and complications of the partial-thickness scleral flap technique to the long scleral tunnel technique in patients who underwent mitomycin C (MMC)-augmented Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation.

Patients and Methods

In this retrospective study, we reviewed 139 eyes of 137 patients with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV-Model FP7 implantation. The eyes were divided into the scleral flap group (n = 74) and the scleral tunnel group (n = 65).

Results

The mean follow-up was 57.91 ± 18.18 months for the flap and 61.18 ± 15.13 months for the tunnel group (p = 0.2499). The postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) at 1 to 6 years was significantly lower than the baseline IOP in each group (p < 0.001). The average number of postoperative glaucoma medications decreased in the tunnel group (p = 0.0001) and in the flap group (p = 0.6194) compared to baseline. No statistically significant differences in postoperative visual acuity (p = 0.6396) and cumulative success (p = 0.054) were noted between the two groups. Conjunctival erosion or tube migration only occurred in the flap group. Significantly more reoperations were performed in the flap than in the tunnel group (p = 0.048).

Conclusions

Both MMC-augmented AGV tube implantation methods lowered IOP. The flap technique was associated with higher rates of postoperative serious complications and more reoperations than the tunnel technique. Previous glaucoma surgery and the technique used to implant the surgical tube proved to be significant risk factors for conjunctival erosion.
Clinical and instrumental assessment of the corneal healing in moderate and severe neurotrophic keratopathy treated with rh-NGF (Cenegermin)
Authors: Roszkowska Anna M , Inferrera Leandro , Aragona Emanuela , Gargano Romana , Postorino Elisa I , Aragona Pasquale
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To evaluate corneal healing in patients with moderate and severe neurotrophic keratitis (NK) treated with topical rh-NFG (Cenegermin).

Methods

Twenty-one patients (12F and 9M) aged from 21 to 93 years (62.5 ± 19.4) with moderate and severe NK were enrolled in the study. The patients were divided into 2 groups accordingly to the severity of the disease. The underlying causes of NK were determined. The VAS questionnaire was dispensed. The ocular examination comprised slit lamp evaluation, ocular surface assessment with Keratograph 5M (Oculus, Germany), corneal sensitivity with Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer (Lunneaux, France) and corneal thickness measurement with AC-OCT (DRI, Triton, Topcon, Japan). The drops of Cenegermin 0.002% were administrated 6 times daily for 8 weeks. All participants were evaluated at baseline, after 4 and 8 weeks of the treatment. The area of corneal defect with maximum diameter less than 0.5 mm was considered as healed. The main outcome measures were corneal healing, corneal sensitivity recovery and corneal thickness in the ulcer group.

Results

The herpetic keratitis was the most common cause of NK. Thirteen eyes were affected by severe grade of NK with corneal ulcer and 8 eyes presented a moderate grade. After 8 weeks a complete healing of the corneal defects was registered both in moderate and severe NK. Significant increase of the corneal sensitivity and thickness were registered.

Conclusions

The rh-NGF (Cenegermin) resulted effective in the treatment of the severe and moderate NK with significant recovery of the corneal sensitivity and healing of the corneal defects in both groups.
Are candidates rational when it comes to negative campaigning? Empirical evidence from three German candidate surveys
Authors: Maier Jürgen , Stier Sebastian , Oschatz Corinna
Published: April 2022

This article tests the assumption that candidates’ attack behavior is a result of their rational consideration of potential benefits and likely risks. Based on candidate surveys from three German state elections, we demonstrate that (i) attacks are an important strategy; (ii) on balance, candidates regard attacking opponents as a costly instead of a beneficial strategy; (iii) the differential between benefits and costs is positively associated with attack behavior; nevertheless, most candidates attack at least sometimes even when costs exceed benefits; (iv) candidate characteristics and the electoral context are rarely reflected in benefit-cost calculations; and (v) the theoretically assumed mediating role of the benefit-cost differential on attack behavior applies only to some explanatory factors. While the findings provide some evidence for rational choice explanations of negative campaigning, they also challenge some central assumptions. As such, they demonstrate the need for more comprehensive theoretical explanations and measurements of negative campaigning.
‘The day you start lifting is the day you become forever small’: Bodybuilders explain muscle dysmorphia
Authors: Underwood Mair , Olivardia Roberto
Published: April 2022

Muscle dysmorphia (MD) is a pathological preoccupation with muscularity characterised by negative body image, compulsive behaviours, and obsessive thoughts. Since its first identification academics have suggested that it is caused by sociocultural factors. Despite this there has been very little research exploring the role of sociocultural factors in the development and maintenance of MD, and no research that examines MD from within its cultural context. Instead the medical model of MD has dominated understanding. This model presents professionals as the experts on this disorder, and sufferers as pathological individuals in need of expert treatment. This renders cultural context largely irrelevant to understandings of MD. In this paper we present a different kind of expertise with regards MD. We describe the expertise of those most likely to suffer from MD, and upon whom medical descriptions of MD are based: bodybuilders. Specifically, we describe how bodybuilders explain MD (their definition, theory of aetiology and experience of MD, as well as their suggested management strategies), and compare these explanations to the dominant medical model. Through a consideration of the expertise of bodybuilders we break the tunnel vision of medicine, and suggest ways we can move beyond our current under-developed understanding of MD. This paper examines MD from within its cultural context, and in so doing it lays the foundation for a sociocultural explanatory model of MD. If we are to significantly reduce the harms of this disorder we cannot rely solely on treating the few individuals who present to clinicians. Rather we must develop ways to help sufferers to manage their disorder, and to prevent the development of this disorder among those at risk in the first place. To do this we must understand the sociocultural dimensions of MD, and collaborate with bodybuilding communities.
Changes in nonprejudiced motivations track shifts in the U.S. sociopolitical climate
Authors: Kievit Douglas L. , LaCosse Jennifer , Mallinas Stephanie R. , March David S. , Kunstman Jonathan W. , Zabel Kevin L. , Olson Michael A. , Plant E. Ashby
Published: April 2022

Recently, major societal events have shaped perceptions of race relations in the US. The current work argues that people’s motivations to be nonprejudiced toward Black people have changed in concert with these broader societal forces. Analyses of two independent archival datasets reveal that nonprejudiced motivations changed predictably in accordance with shifts in the social milieu over the last 15 years. In one dataset ( N = 13,395), we track movement in internal and external motivations to respond without prejudice from 2004 to 2017. Internal motivation initially decreased before ticking upward following multiple events suggesting worsening race relations (e.g., noteworthy killings of unarmed Black men, resurgent racialized politics). Conversely, external motivation initially increased but reversed course across the same time span. A second dataset ( N = 2,503) corroborates these trends in two conceptually related nonprejudiced motivations. Results suggest that changes in nonprejudiced motivations may reflect broader shifts in the sociopolitical climate.
Parole, parole boards and the institutional dilemmas of contemporary prison release
Authors: Guiney Thomas C
Published: April 2022

The decision to release is a defining feature of the carceral experience: at once a necessary function of a dynamic penal system, and a highly contested form of symbolic communication where the anxieties and contradictions of contemporary penality begin to coalesce. In this paper I argue that the institutions we rely upon to make these determinations in a fair, consistent and efficient manner are under increasing strain. Drawing upon insights from historical institutionalism, I seek to show that the parole board model of discretionary decision-making that first emerged during the highwater mark of mid-twentieth century penal modernism has proved remarkably resilient to reform, but is slowly fracturing into a more complex, multi-layered prison release landscape. I explore the implications of this gradual historical transformation and conclude this paper with a call for new ways of thinking about prison release as an increasingly interconnected sphere of penal governance.