bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can the energy internet achieve carbon reduction?
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Guiwen , Yang Long , Deng Yuting , Shi Beibei , Li Nan , Kang Rong , Yang Yating , Yang Tingting
Published: May 2024

Based on panel data for 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2020, this paper uses entropy method to construct the integrated development indicators of energy Internet, and explores the impact of the development of the energy Internet on reducing carbon emissions in China and its internal transmission mechanism. The research results show that the development of energy Internet can significantly reduce regional carbon dioxide emissions, and increasing the use of renewable energy is an important mechanism for the comprehensive development of energy Internet to curb carbon emissions. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the emission reduction effect brought by the development of energy Internet is more remarkable in the regions with lower carbon emissions and western China. Furthermore, this paper finds that in the setting of the development of energy Internet, the development of renewable energy can promote natural gas consumption and advance energy conversion efficiency. The government’s emphasis on regional technology development has an external strengthening effect on carbon emission reduction. The research in this paper expands and diversifies carbon reduction pathways and provides reference for more developing countries to utilize the development of energy internet to achieve carbon reduction.
Assessing breast self-examination knowledge, attitude and practice as a secondary prevention of breast cancer among female undergraduates at the University of Dodoma: a protocol of analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Masawa Glory , Mboineki Joanes Faustine
Published: May 2024

Background

Breast cancer is a global disease affecting an enormous number of women worldwide and a primary cause of cancer-related deaths in women. In Tanzania, women's breast cancer is the second-ranked among all types of cancers, with an incidence of 15.9%. Despite the Breast Self Examination (BSE) being one of the secondary prevention of breast cancer and an important measure for early diagnosis of breast cancer, little is known whether women could practice routine BSE.

Objectives

The study aims to Assess breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge, attitude, and practice among female undergraduates at the University of Dodoma.

Methodology

An institutionally-based analytical cross-sectional study will be carried out in the Dodoma region of Tanzania through a validated questionnaire. The study will involve 384 female undergraduate students aged 18 years. The data will be entered and analyzed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25. Descriptive analysis (frequencies and percentages) and inferential statistics [Cross-tabulation, Chi-square (χ2), and Regression analysis] will be used.

Conclusion

The practice of BSE among women remains unsatisfactory, which is highly linked to the lack of BSE knowledge. The deficit knowledge is on how to perform BSE, the benefit of BSE, and the interval of doing BSE. Most of the women seem to possess a positive attitude towards BSE.
Exploring the impact of a KCNH2 missense variant on Long QT syndrome: insights into a novel gender-selective, incomplete penetrance inheritance mode
Authors: Chen Peng , Zampawala Zainul , Wang Hong , Wang Luyun
Published: May 2024

Background

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited malignant arrhythmia syndrome that poses a risk of sudden death. Variants in the Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily H Member 2 (KCNH2) gene are known to cause Long QT syndrome through an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. However, as of now, there have been no reports of any KCNH2 variant leading to Long QT syndrome exhibiting incomplete penetrance that is influenced by gender.

Methods

Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the proband to identify pathogenic variants. Subsequently, Sanger sequencing was employed to validate the identified likely pathogenic variants in all family members.

Results

We analyzed a pedigree spanning three-generations afflicted by Long QT syndrome. WES revealed a novel KCNH2 missense variant (p.Val630Gly, c.1889 T>G) as the causative factor for the family’s phenotype. Within this family, all three male carriers of the KCNH2 variant carriers exhibited the Long QT syndrome phenotype: one experienced sudden death during sleep, another received an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), and a younger man displayed a prolonged QTc interval without any instances of syncope or malignant arrhythmia to date. Interestingly, the middle-aged female carrier showed no Long QT Syndrome phenotype. However, her offspring, diagnosed with Turner syndrome (45, X) and also a carrier of this variant, experienced frequent syncope starting at 12 years old and was diagnosed with Long QT syndrome, leading to an ICD implantation when she was 15 years old. These observations suggest that the manifestation of Long QT syndrome associated with this KCNH2 variant exhibits incomplete penetrance influenced by gender within this family, indicating potential protective mechanisms against the syndrome in females affected by this variant.

Conclusion

Our investigation has led to the identification of a novel pathogenic KCNH2 variant responsible for Long QT syndrome within a familial context characterized by gender-selective, incomplete penetrance. This discovery highlights a unique pathogenic inheritance pattern for the KCNH2 gene associated with Long QT syndrome, and could potentially shed light on the distinct penetrance behaviors and patterns of the KCNH2 gene. This discovery broadens our exploration of the KCNH2 gene in cardiac arrhythmias, highlighting the intricate genetic dynamics behind Long QT syndrome.
Traditional, complementary, and alternative medicine and the provision of health care to internally displaced persons in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Kazamwali Muzee , Kisanga Arsène , Balegamire Juvenal B. , Kaningini Euphrasie , Falisse Jean-Benoît , Furaha Germaine , Mapendo Denise M. , Boeyink Clayton
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine (TCAM) providers are central for many when seeking healthcare. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) are no exception. This paper seeks to better understand the use of TCAM by IDPs and its connection with the local integration of IDPs into the social fabric of the communities where they have taken refuge. We compare IDPs and non-IDPs access to TCAM providers and their level of confidence in having their healthcare needs met by these sources in Uvira and Kabare territories of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

Methods

We draw from a mixed method, social connections design comprised of participatory workshops with 111 participants; a survey with 847 participants capturing exploring access and trust of TCAM and other wealth and demographic indicators; 24 interviews with traditional healthcare providers; and 56 in-depth life history interviews with IDPs. Collected data were analysed using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Descriptive statistics (mean, percentage, and standard deviation) and statistical tests (proportions test and t test) were used as quantitative analysis tools whereas thematic content analysis was used for qualitative data.

Results

We show that IDPs use TCAM more than non IDPs. Access to and trust in traditional healers seems dependent on the exact nature of the services they offer, which varies across our sample. As such, processes of recognition and integration of both IDPs and TCAM providers into formal healthcare systems should be treated cautiously with an understanding of the socio-economic rationales that displaced people and TCAM providers operate under. While many of these TCAM providers are not highly trusted sources in South Kivu, their highly valued treatment of certain conditions such as what is locally known as “mulonge” (and bears similarities with the Buruli ulcer) suggest there may be potential specific areas where collaboration could be successful between biomedical health workers and TCAM providers.
Extracellular CIRP promotes Kupffer cell inflammatory polarization in sepsis
Authors: Shimizu Junji , Murao Atsushi , Lee Yongchan , Aziz Monowar , Wang Ping
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Sepsis is a life-threatening inflammatory condition caused by dysregulated host responses to infection. Extracellular cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (eCIRP) is a recently discovered damage-associated molecular pattern that causes inflammation and organ injury in sepsis. Kupffer cells can be activated and polarized to the inflammatory M1 phenotype, contributing to tissue damage by producing proinflammatory mediators. We hypothesized that eCIRP promotes Kupffer cell M1 polarization in sepsis.

Methods

We stimulated Kupffer cells isolated from wild-type (WT) and TLR4-/- mice with recombinant mouse (rm) CIRP (i.e., eCIRP) and assessed supernatant IL-6 and TNFα levels by ELISA. The mRNA expression of iNOS and CD206 for M1 and M2 markers, respectively, was assessed by qPCR. We induced sepsis in WT and CIRP-/- mice by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and assessed iNOS and CD206 expression in Kupffer cells by flow cytometry.

Results

eCIRP dose- and time-dependently increased IL-6 and TNFα release from WT Kupffer cells. In TLR4-/- Kupffer cells, their increase after eCIRP stimulation was prevented. eCIRP significantly increased iNOS gene expression, while it did not alter CD206 expression in WT Kupffer cells. In TLR4-/- Kupffer cells, however, iNOS expression was significantly decreased compared with WT Kupffer cells after eCIRP stimulation. iNOS expression in Kupffer cells was significantly increased at 20 h after CLP in WT mice. In contrast, Kupffer cell iNOS expression in CIRP-/- mice was significantly decreased compared with WT mice after CLP. CD206 expression in Kupffer cells was not different across all groups. Kupffer cell M1/M2 ratio was significantly increased in WT septic mice, while it was significantly decreased in CIRP-/- mice compared to WT mice after CLP.

Conclusion

Our data have clearly shown that eCIRP induces Kupffer cell M1 polarization via TLR4 pathway in sepsis, resulting in overproduction of inflammatory cytokines. eCIRP could be a promising therapeutic target to attenuate inflammation by preventing Kupffer cell M1 polarization in sepsis.
RGB/Event signal fusion framework for multi-degraded underwater image enhancement
Authors: Bi Xiuwen , Wang Pengfei , Guo Wei , Zha Fusheng , Sun Lining
Published: May 2024

Underwater images often suffer from various degradations, such as color distortion, reduced visibility, and uneven illumination, caused by light absorption, scattering, and artificial lighting. However, most existing methods have focused on addressing singular or dual degradation aspects, lacking a comprehensive solution to underwater image degradation. This limitation hinders the application of vision technology in underwater scenarios. In this paper, we propose a framework for enhancing the quality of multi-degraded underwater images. This framework is distinctive in its ability to concurrently address color degradation, hazy blur, and non-uniform illumination by fusing RGB and Event signals. Specifically, an adaptive underwater color compensation algorithm is first proposed, informed by an analysis of the color degradation characteristics prevalent in underwater images. This compensation algorithm is subsequently integrated with a white balance algorithm to achieve color correction. Then, a dehazing method is developed, leveraging the fusion of sharpened images and gamma-corrected images to restore blurry details in RGB images and event reconstruction images. Finally, an illumination map is extracted from the RGB image, and a multi-scale fusion strategy is employed to merge the illumination map with the event reconstruction image, effectively enhancing the details in dark and bright areas. The proposed method successfully restores color fidelity, enhances image contrast and sharpness, and simultaneously preserves details of the original scene. Extensive experiments on the public dataset DAVIS-NUIUIED and our dataset DAVIS-MDUIED demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in enhancing multi-degraded underwater images.
Effect of surface treatment and shear flow on biofilm formation over materials employed in space water storage and distribution systems
Authors: Avgoulas Dimitrios I. , Petala Maria , Briandet Romain , Dergham Yasmine , Noirot-Gros Marie-Francoise , Konstantinidis Avraam , Kostoglou Margaritis , Karapantsios Thodoris D.
Published: May 2024

The prolonged duration of future manned space missions conceals potential threats associated with microbial contamination. Such closed environments are susceptible to formation of complex biofilm communities, where microorganisms can thrive and further evolve. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of surface type, surface treatment and shear stress on biofilm formation in water facilities. To that aim, the ability of Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 to adhere on three space applications related materials, including passivated (SS) and both passivated and electropolished (SSEP) stainless steel, as well as Ti-6Al-4V (Ti) alloy was studied under stagnant and shear stress conditions after 24 h of exposure. Results indicated that surface type strongly affects bacterial adhesion under the same conditions. Surface coverage during static experiments was in the following order: SS > Ti > SSEP, while SS exhibited a fourfold surface coverage compared to SSEP highlighting the significance of surface treatment. Moreover, SS and Ti stimulate the formation of several microcolonies and their growth. On the other hand, the application of shear stress diminished bacterial attachment to the studied materials, the degree of which relied on the material type. In this case, bacterial settlement on SS and Ti was dependent on the surface texture, implying that surface roughness may also play an important role in cell adhesion under shear conditions. Furthermore, the metallic surfaces did not hinder bacterial attachment when silver ions were previously deposited on their surface. The deposition that occurs on metallic surfaces when in contact with water disinfected with silver ions, for example, during space missions, highlights its impact on the loss of disinfection capacity of silver ions.
Prevalence and risk factors for hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Kunlayawutipong Thanaput , Rattanathammethee Thanawat , Punnachet Teerachat , Hantrakun Nonthakorn , Piriyakhuntorn Pokpong , Hantrakool Sasinee , Chai-Adisaksopha Chatree , Rattarittamrong Ekarat , Tantiworawit Adisak , Norasetthada Lalita , Louthrenoo Worawit
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Hyperuricemia is a common complication of hematologic malignancies, and hyperuricosuria in this population has shown conflicting results. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia and parameters associated with serum uric acid (SUA) and urine uric acid (UUA) in patients with lymphoma and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN).

Methods

This cross-sectional study included adult patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma and MPN at the university-based hospital. Clinical characteristics were collected, and independent risk factors for hyperuricemia and hyperuricosuria were determined using multiple logistic regression.

Results

One hundred and sixty-five patients were included with a median age of 55 years (45.5–64) and 51.5% were males. There were 91 patients (55.2%) with lymphoma and 74 cases (44.8%) of MPN. Overall, hyperuricemia was prevalent in 43.6% with a median SUA of 6.3 mg/dl (4.6–8) and hyperuricosuria was detected in 39.4% with a median 24-h UUA of 545 mg (365.4–991). Hyperuricemia was observed in patients with lymphoma and MPN in 20.9% and 71.6%, respectively, and hyperuricosuria in 15.4% and 68.9%, respectively. In lymphoma patients, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <90 ml/min/1.73 m2 and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥ 250 U/L were associated with hyperuricemia with odds ratio (OR) 3.24, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.95–11.07, p = 0.006 and OR 2.07, 95%CI 1.62–6.97, p = 0.039), and only elevated serum LDH was related to hyperuricosuria (OR 2.37, 95%CI 1.56–14.29, p = 0.036). In MPN patients, hemoglobin levels <10 g/dl and serum LDH ≥ 640 mg/dl were independent risk factors of hyperuricosuria (OR 1.88, 95%CI 1.42–8.39, p = 0.045 and OR 6.21, 95%CI 1.49–25.74, p = 0.012).

Conclusion

Hyperuricemia in patients with hematologic malignancies was common, notably MPN, and parameters associated with hyperuricosuria were provided. In addition to the utilization of allopurinol in patients at high risk of tumor lysis syndrome, patients without hyperuricosuria may also be of significant interest.
Thrombo-inflammatory prognostic score can predict the outcome of stroke: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Zhu Xingyu , Lan Lin , Liu Yi , He Na , Wu Jie , Guo Yingqiang , Li Hong , Li Dongze
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Inflammatory and thrombotic biomarkers are simple prognostic indicators of adverse clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). However, isolated assessment of inflammatory or thrombus biomarkers in patients with IS is limited in clinical practice.

Methods

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of a novel, simplified thrombo-inflammatory prognostic score (TIPS) that combines both inflammatory and thrombus biomarkers in the early phase of IS and to identify high-risk patients at the time of admission. The study population comprised 915 patients with a primary diagnosis of IS in the emergency departments of five grade A tertiary hospitals in China.

Results

Patients were divided into two groups based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS): <3 and ≥3. TIPS with a value of “2” indicates biomarkers for high inflammation and thrombosis, “1” represents a biomarker, and “0” signals the absence of a biomarker. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the association between TIPS and clinical outcomes. TIPS was an independent predictor of unfavorable functional outcomes and mortality. It had a superior predictive value for clinical outcomes compared to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (effect ratio, 37.5%), D-dimer (effect ratio, 12.5%), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (effect ratio, 25%).

Conclusion

The survival probability of TIPS with a score of 0 is twice as high as that of TIPS with a score of 2. The survival rate for TIPS with a score of 1 is one time higher than that for TIPS with a score of 2. The predictive value of TIPS for unfavorable functional outcomes is represented by an AUC of 0.653. TIPS is associated with an increased risk of death and unfavorable functional outcomes in patients with IS and may be a useful tool for identifying high-risk patients at the time of admission.
The importance of observing the master’s hand: Action Observation Training promotes the acquisition of new musical skills
Authors: Paolini Simone , Bazzini Maria Chiara , Ferrari Laura , Errante Antonino , Fogassi Leonardo , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Fabbri-Destro Maddalena , Avanzini Pietro , Nuara Arturo
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Via mirror mechanism, motor training approaches based on the alternation of action observation and execution (i.e., Action Observation Training-AOT) promote the acquisition of motor abilities. Previous studies showed that both visual and auditory stimuli may elicit a common motor representation of music-related gestures; however, the potentialities of AOT for the acquisition of musical skills are still underexplored.

Methods

Twenty-one music-naïve participants underwent two blocks of training: AOT and Key-light Observation Training (KOT). AOT consisted of the observation of a melodic sequence played on a keyboard with the right hand by an expert model, followed by participant’s imitation. Observation and execution were repeated six consecutive times (T1–T6). KOT followed the same procedure, except for the visual content of the stimulus, depicting the sequential highlighting of the piano keys corresponding to the melody. The rate of correct notes (C), the trainee-model similarity of key-pressure strength (S), and the trainee-model consistency of note duration (R) were collected across T1–T6.

Results

Both AOT and KOT improved musical performance. Noteworthy, AOT showed a higher learning magnitude relative to KOT in terms of C and S.

Discussion

Action Observation Training promotes the acquisition of key elements of melodic sequences, encompassing not only the accurate sequencing of notes but also their expressive characteristics, such as key-pressure dynamics. The convergence of listening and observation of actions onto a shared motor representation not only explains several pedagogical approaches applied in all musical cultures worldwide, but also enhances the potential efficacy of current procedures for music training.
Neurorehabilitation with vagus nerve stimulation: a systematic review
Authors: Korupolu Radha , Miller Alyssa , Park Andrew , Yozbatiran Nuray
Published: May 2024

Objective

To systematically review vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) studies to present data on the safety and efficacy on motor recovery following stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Data sources: PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane.

Study selection

Clinical trials of VNS in animal models and humans with TBI and SCI were included to evaluate the effects of pairing VNS with rehabilitation therapy on motor recovery.

Data extraction

Two reviewers independently assessed articles according to the evaluation criteria and extracted relevant data electronically.

Data synthesis

Twenty-nine studies were included; 11 were animal models of stroke, TBI, and SCI, and eight involved humans with stroke. While there was heterogeneity in methods of delivering VNS with respect to rehabilitation therapy in animal studies and human non-invasive studies, a similar methodology was used in all human-invasive VNS studies. In animal studies, pairing VNS with rehabilitation therapy consistently improved motor outcomes compared to controls. Except for one study, all human invasive and non-invasive studies with controls demonstrated a trend toward improvement in motor outcomes compared to sham controls post-intervention. However, compared to non-invasive, invasive VNS, studies reported severe adverse events such as vocal cord palsy, dysphagia, surgical site infection, and hoarseness of voice, which were found to be related to surgery.

Conclusion

Our review suggests that VNS (non-invasive or invasive) paired with rehabilitation can improve motor outcomes after stroke in humans. Hence, VNS human studies are needed in people with TBI and SCI. There are risks related to device implantation to deliver invasive VNS compared to non-invasive VNS. Future human comparison studies are required to study and quantify the efficacy vs. risks of paired VNS delivered via different methods with rehabilitation, which would allow patients to make an informed decision.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=330653.
Early vestibular rehabilitation training of peripheral acute vestibular syndrome—a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agger-Nielsen Helle Elisabeth , Grøndberg Thomas Stig , Berg-Beckhoff Gabriele , Ovesen Therese
Published: May 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the impact of early vestibular rehabilitation training combined with corticosteroids initiated within 2 weeks, compared with corticosteroid treatment, after the peripheral acute vestibular syndrome (pAVS) onset.

Data sources

PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. From inception to January 24, 2024. The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews approved this study (CRD42023422308).

Results

Five studies involving 235 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The subjective outcome measure Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) was pooled for a meta-analysis and was statistically significantly in favor of early vestibular rehabilitation training (early VRT) plus corticosteroids compared with corticosteroids alone: at one-month follow-up (p = 0.00) and 12 months follow-up (p = 0.01). DHI was a critical outcome for measuring the differences in effect of early VRT. The objective outcome measures of caloric lateralization, cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials, and posturography were gathered for a narrative synthesis.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that early VRT in combination with corticosteroids was more effective for treating pAVS than corticosteroid treatment alone. No adverse effects were reported for early VRT.
Effects of an 11-week vibro-tactile stimulation treatment on voice symptoms in laryngeal dystonia
Authors: Konczak Jürgen , Bhaskaran Divya , Elangovan Naveen , Oh Jinseok , Goding George S. , Watson Peter J.
Published: May 2024

Background

Laryngeal dystonia is a task-specific focal dystonia of laryngeal muscles that impairs speech and voice production. At present, there is no cure for LD. The most common therapeutic option for patients with LD involves Botulinum neurotoxin injections.

Objective

Provide empirical evidence that non-invasive vibro-tactile stimulation (VTS) of the skin over the voice box can provide symptom relief to those affected by LD.

Methods

Single-group 11-week randomized controlled trial with a crossover between two dosages (20 min of VTS once or 3 times per week) self-administered in-home in two 4-week blocks. Acute effects of VTS on voice and speech were assessed in-lab at weeks 1, 6 and 11. Participants were randomized to receive either 40 Hz or 100 Hz VTS.

Main outcome measures

Primary: smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPPS) of the voice signal to quantify voice and speech abnormalities, and perceived speech effort (PSE) ranked by participants as a measure of voice effort (scale 1–10). Secondary: number of voice breaks during continuous speech, the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (CAPE-V) inventory as a measure of overall disease severity and the Voice Handicap Index 30-item self report.

Results

Thirty-nine people with a confirmed diagnosis of adductor-type LD (mean [SD] age, 60.3 [11.3] years; 18 women and 21 men) completed the study. A single application of VTS improved voice quality (median CPPS increase: 0.41 dB, 95% CI [0.20, 0.61]) and/or reduced voice effort (PSE) by at least 30% in up to 57% of participants across the three study visits. Effects lasted from less than 30 min to several days. There was no effect of dosage and no evidence that the acute therapeutic effects of VTS increased or decreased longitudinally over the 11-week study period. Both 100 and 40 Hz VTS induced measurable improvements in voice quality and speech effort. VTS induced an additional benefit to those receiving Botulinum toxin. Participants, not receiving Botulinum treatment also responded to VTS.

Conclusion

This study provides the first systematic empirical evidence that the prolonged use of laryngeal VTS can induce repeatable acute improvements in voice quality and reductions of voice effort in LD.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03746509.
An analysis of risk factors for visceral disseminated varicella in children
Authors: Guo Shuai , Guo Qin , Wan Chaomin
Published: May 2024

Background

Visceral disseminated varicella involves the internal organs, and complications such as encephalitis, hepatitis, and coagulation disorders threaten a patient's life. In this study, our aim is to analyze the risk factors for visceral disseminated varicella to enable the early identification of patients at a high risk of visceral disseminated varicella.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of children hospitalized with varicella. The data covered demographics, clinical manifestations, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors.

Results

A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that abdominal pain [odds ratio (OR) 20.451, 95% CI 1.637–255.548], increased levels of C-reactive protein (OR 12.794, 95% CI 1.820–89.937), increased levels of alanine aminotransferase (OR 7.453, 95% CI 1.624–34.206), and the time between onset and antiviral therapy of more than 7 days (OR 12.451, 95% CI 1.569–98.810) were independent risk factors for visceral disseminated varicella.

Conclusions

Patients with varicella who have the abovementioned risk factors need to be monitored for the risk of developing visceral disseminated varicella, for which timely antiviral therapy is necessary.
Identification of urine biomarkers predictive of prolonged QTc interval in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients treated with bedaquiline
Authors: Yu Jiajia , Ren Weicong , Yuan Jinfeng , Liu Rongmei , Ma Liping , Tang Shenjie , Pang Yu
Published: May 2024

The most frequent adverse event associated with bedaquiline (BDQ) is the QTc interval prolongation; however, there was no biomarkers that could be used to predict the occurrence of QTc prolongation in BDQ-treated patients. In this study, we employed the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS (UHPLC-MS/MS) to generate metabolic profiling for the discovery of potential predictive urine biomarkers of QTc prolongation in these patients. Untargeted metabolomic technique was used to concentrate the differential metabolic pathway, and targeted metabolomic technique was subsequently performed to identify predictive biomarkers for QTc prolongation. A total of 45 rifampicin-resistant TB (RR-TB) and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) patients were enrolled in our study, including 15 RR/MDR-TB patients with QTc interval prolongation (QIP) and 30 RR/MDR-TB patients with QTc interval un-prolongations (QIU). Untargeted technique revealed that the lipid metabolism was the most differential metabolic pathway between two groups. Further targeted technique identified four differential metabolites, including betaine, LPE (18:2), LPE (20:3), and LPE (20:4). The combined analysis of metabolisms revealed that the combined use of LPE (20:3) and LPE (20:4) had the best performance for predicting the occurrence of QTc prolongation in TB patients, yielding a sensitivity of 87.4% and a specificity of 78.5%. In addition, with the progression of BDQ treatment, the LPEs exhibited persistent difference in the BDQ-treated TB patients experiencing QTc interval prolongation. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that the combined use of LPE (20:3) and LPE (20:4) yields promising performance for predicting the occurrence of QTc interval prolongation in BDQ-treated patients.
Supplementation of Saussurea costus root alleviates sodium nitrite-induced hepatorenal toxicity by modulating metabolic profile, inflammation, and apoptosis
Authors: Elshaer Samy E. , Hamad Gamal M. , Sobhy Sherien E. , Darwish Amira M. Galal , Baghdadi Hoda H. , H. Abo Nahas Hebatallah , El-Demerdash Fatma M. , Kabeil Sanaa S. A. , Altamimi Abdulmalik S. , Al-Olayan Ebtesam , Alsunbul Maha , Docmac Omaima Kamel , Jaremko Mariusz , Hafez Elsayed E. , Saied Essa M.
Published: May 2024

Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) is a widely used food ingredient, although excessive concentrations can pose potential health risks. In the present study, we evaluated the deterioration effects of NaNO2 additives on hematology, metabolic profile, liver function, and kidney function of male Wistar rats. We further explored the therapeutic potential of supplementation with S. costus root ethanolic extract (SCREE) to improve NaNO2-induced hepatorenal toxicity. In this regard, 65 adult male rats were divided into eight groups; Group 1: control, Groups 2, 3, and 4 received SCREE in 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight, respectively, Group 5: NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight), Groups 6, 7 and 8 received NaNO2 (6.5 mg/kg body weight) in combination with SCREE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg body weight), respectively. Our results revealed that the NaNO2-treated group shows a significant change in deterioration in body and organ weights, hematological parameters, lipid profile, and hepatorenal dysfunction, as well as immunohistochemical and histopathological alterations. Furthermore, the NaNO2-treated group demonstrated a considerable increase in the expression of TNF-α cytokine and tumor suppressor gene P53 in the kidney and liver, while a significant reduction was detected in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and the apoptosis suppressor gene BCL-2, compared to the control group. Interestingly, SCREE administration demonstrated the ability to significantly alleviate the toxic effects of NaNO2 and improve liver function in a dose-dependent manner, including hematological parameters, lipid profile, and modulation of histopathological architecture. Additionally, SCREE exhibited the ability to modulate the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic genes in the liver and kidney. The phytochemical analysis revealed a wide set of primary metabolites in SCREE, including phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins, alkaloids, saponins and tannins, while the untargeted UPLC/T-TOF–MS/MS analysis identified 183 metabolites in both positive and negative ionization modes. Together, our findings establish the potential of SCREE in mitigating the toxic effects of NaNO2 by modulating metabolic, inflammatory, and apoptosis. Together, this study underscores the promise of SCREE as a potential natural food detoxifying additive to counteract the harmful impacts of sodium nitrite.
Re-evaluation of the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids against ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria
Authors: Pędzińska-Betiuk Anna , Schlicker Eberhard , Weresa Jolanta , Malinowska Barbara
Published: May 2024

Ischemic heart disease, associated with high morbidity and mortality, represents a major challenge for the development of drug-based strategies to improve its prognosis. Results of pre-clinical studies suggest that agonists of cannabinoid CB2 receptors and multitarget cannabidiol might be potential cardioprotective strategies against ischemia-reperfusion injury. The aim of our study was to re-evaluate the cardioprotective effects of cannabinoids against ischemia-reperfusion injury according to the IMproving Preclinical Assessment of Cardioprotective Therapies (IMPACT) criteria published recently by the European Union (EU) CARDIOPROTECTION COST ACTION. To meet the minimum criteria of those guidelines, experiments should be performed (i) on healthy small animals subjected to ischemia with reperfusion lasting for at least 2 hours and (ii) confirmed in small animals with comorbidities and co-medications and (iii) in large animals. Our analysis revealed that the publications regarding cardioprotective effects of CB2 receptor agonists and cannabidiol did not meet all three strict steps of IMPACT. Thus, additional experiments are needed to confirm the cardioprotective activities of (endo)cannabinoids mainly on small animals with comorbidities and on large animals. Moreover, our publication underlines the significance of the IMPACT criteria for a proper planning of preclinical experiments regarding cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The relationship between fear of cancer recurrence and posttraumatic growth: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gu Lianqi , Shen Chen , Zhao Linlin , Li Na , Wang Rao , Dai Lili , Chu Zhiping
Published: May 2024

Background

Theoretically, stress is positively correlated with posttraumatic growth (PTG). However, evidence for a correlation between fear of cancer recurrence (FCR), a cancer-specific stressor, and PTG is mixed. The present study aimed to systematically investigate the overall effect size between the two and to explore moderators that may influence this relationship.

Methods

From the earliest available date to October 2023, a comprehensive search was conducted in seven databases. Correlation coefficients (r) were calculated using Stata software. Publication type, continent, trauma role, gender, FCR measurements, PTG measurements, sample size, age, and time since diagnosis were used to examine moderating effects. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s (NHLBI) assessment tool was used to evaluate study quality.

Results

A total of 14 studies, involving 17 samples and 3,701 participants, were included. The studies found a small association between FCR and PTG (r = 0.161, 95% CI: 0.070–0.249, p < 0.01) and large heterogeneity (I2 = 85.5%). The strength of the association varied according to the publication type and FCR measurement.

Conclusion

The current review suggests a small but significant positive correlation between FCR and PTG. Future studies would benefit from exploring additional moderators and the use of standardized, validated FCR measurement tools.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023460407.
The role of Theory of Mind in the transition towards suicidal attempts in youth NSSI: an exploratory pilot study
Authors: Orsolini Laura , Corona Diana , Cervelli Alessandro Leonardo , Ribuoli Enrico , Longo Giulio , Volpe Umberto
Published: May 2024

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can both precede and co-occur with suicidal attempts (SA). Underlying mechanisms/factors leading to the transition to SA in NSSI youths have been proposed (including the role of social cognition), despite they should be yet confirmed. Therefore, the study aims at exploring the role of the Theory of Mind in the differentiation of a sample of NSSI youngsters (aged 15-24) according to the presence of SA. We divided the sample into 4 groups using the Deliberate Self Harm Inventory (DSHI) and Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS): control group (notNSSInotSA), NSSI without SA (NSSInotSA), NSSI with SA (NSSIplusSA), and SA without NSSI (SAonly). NSSIplusSA patients displayed higher Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) scores (indicative of ToM abilities) than both the NSSInotSA (p=0.0016) and SAonly groups (p=0.0198), while SAonly patients showed lower RMET scores compared to the control group (p=0.0214). Multiple regression models used to differentiate NSSInotSA and NSSIplusSA found a significant association between RMET and LOSCS-CSC (Level Of Self-Criticism Scale-Comparative Self-Criticism) (pC=0.0802, pD=0.0016, pG=0.0053). Our findings supported the hypothesis that a hypertrophic affective ToM may possibly be associated with the occurrence of SA in youth NSSI. Further larger and longitudinal studies should confirm these preliminary findings, by exploring all social cognition dimensions.
The relationship between spiritual health and quality of life among COVID-19 patients with long-term complications in the post-coronavirus era
Authors: Safarabadi Mehdi , Yousofvand Vahid , Jadidi Ali , Dehghani Seyed Mohammad Taghi , Ghaffari Kazem
Published: May 2024

Objective

COVID-19 has varied manifestations and can cause complications that affect quality of life. Spiritual health may be a source of adaptation for these patients. This study investigated the relationship between spiritual health and quality of life among COVID-19 patients with long-term complications in the post-coronavirus era.

Participants/methods

This study enrolled 475 COVID-19 patients through convenience sampling from medical facilities located in the Central Province of Iran. Data collection occurred between November 2022 and July 2023. A demographic checklist was utilized to ascertain the presence of potential COVID-19 complications. Patients exhibiting at least one long-term complication of COVID-19 were classified into the group with complications, while those without such complications were categorized into the group without complications. Subsequently, spiritual health and quality of life were assessed utilizing Paloutzian and Ellison’s Spiritual Well-Being Scale and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS-20.

Results

The mean scores of spiritual well-being and quality of life for participants without COVID-19 complications were 70.87 ± 22.44 and 61.30 ± 18.33, respectively. In contrast, the mean spiritual health scores and quality of life for participants with COVID-19 complications were 41.20 ± 12.49 and 33.66 ± 1.46, respectively. Moreover, spiritual well-being was positively associated with quality of life among COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study indicates that COVID-19 complications can impair patients’ spiritual health and quality of life, leaving them vulnerable and distressed. However, patients with higher spiritual health can cope better and enjoy a higher quality of life, despite challenges. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of addressing the spiritual needs of patients with COVID-19 complications and providing them with adequate support and care.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rehabilitation therapy of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy: a nationwide, health insurance data-based study
Authors: Shin Jieun , Hong Mi Jin , Park Jong Bum , Lee Yung Jin
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly affected the utilization of rehabilitation services. Existing evidence investigating this issue at the nationwide level is lacking, and it is uncertain whether the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of rehabilitation therapy of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the rehabilitation therapy of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy.

Methods

We obtained data from South Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment Agency for 2017–2021. By analyzing the claims data, we focused on rehabilitation therapy in individuals with CP under 18 years of age. We categorized these according to therapy type (physical, occupational, or dysphagia), medical facility, hospital visits, and insurance. We calculated the patient counts and average claims per person and compared the average from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results

Over the 5 years, there was a significant decline in the number of patients undergoing rehabilitation therapy (trend p = 0.004), but the average claims per person remained stable (trend p = 0.971). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the average number of claims per person decreased significantly compared to the control period (p = 0.013). Both the physical (p = 0.049) and occupational therapy groups (p = 0.019) showed significant differences in claims. General hospitals and hospitals experienced a decrease in average cases by 2.2 (p < 0.001) and 2.4 (p < 0.001) respectively, while long-term care hospitals increased by 3.1 cases (p < 0.001). Outpatients showed a decline of 2.0 cases (p < 0.001), whereas inpatients showed an increase of 5.9 cases (p < 0.001). Individuals with health insurance decreased by 0.5 cases (p = 0.007), but the decrease of 0.08 cases among medical aid-covered individuals was not statistically significant (p = 0.898).

Conclusion

In 2020–2021, the average number of claims per person showed a significant decrease compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period (2017–2019). Depending on the type of treatment, the number of claims for physical and occupational therapy significantly decreased.
Advancing suicide prevention in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: a qualitative study
Authors: Werdin Sophia , Wyss Kaspar
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Suicide is a significant public health problem, impacting individuals, families and communities worldwide. Effective suicide prevention requires a comprehensive approach with diverse integrated interventions and collaboration across sectors, stakeholders and professions. This study aims to identify challenges, gaps and success factors in current suicide prevention efforts in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, providing specific recommendations for advancement.

Methods

We conducted online, semi-structured interviews with 36 suicide prevention experts from Germany, Austria and Switzerland, incorporating perspectives from policy, science and practice. Interviews were conducted between September 2022 and February 2023, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the Framework method.

Results

Despite progress in national strategies and coordinated efforts for suicide prevention, challenges such as resource scarcity, stigma and structural issues in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care persist. The interviewees identified several areas for advancement, including developing targeted prevention measures for men and older people, strengthening collaboration across sectors, stakeholders and professions, and increasing the involvement of individuals with lived experience. While the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated challenges in psychiatric and psychotherapeutic care, it has concurrently strengthened interest in suicide prevention among policymakers and the media.

Discussion

National suicide prevention strategies play a crucial role in setting priorities, raising public awareness, and guiding action. However, since most suicide prevention efforts are still predominantly health sector-driven, a more comprehensive approach is needed to promote the involvement of all relevant actors and address suicidality as a collective societal responsibility. Tailoring prevention programs for risk groups like older people and men is important, as these populations show high suicide rates and face a lack of targeted interventions. Our study underscores the importance to continuously monitor, refine and strengthen collaborative and evidence-based suicide prevention efforts.
One Health Economics: why and how economics should take on the interdisciplinary challenges of a promising public health paradigm
Authors: Leandri Marc , Dalmas Laurent
Published: May 2024

In this perspective paper, we argue that Economics could and should contribute to the development and implementation of the One Health approach currently emerging as a relevant interdisciplinary framework to address present and future infectious diseases. We show how proven tools from Health and Environmental Economics, such as burden evaluation, can be extended to fit the One Health multisectoral perspective. This global health framework could also benefit significantly from Economics to design efficient schemes for prevention and disease control. In return, adapting Economics to the challenges of One Health issues could pave the way for exciting developments in the Economics discipline itself, across many subfields.