bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2‐1: Invited Paper: Basic Physics and Technical Progress of Electrowetting‐based Electronic Paper
Authors: Sun Hailing , Wei Jiaoxu , Luo Jianyu , Yuan Dong , Tang Biao , Zhou Guofu
Published: June 2024

Electronic paper (E‐paper) relies on reflecting ambient light to achieve information display, which mimics the appearance of printed papers, but owns the features of conventional electronic displays. The outstanding characters of E‐paper including visual health, comfortable outdoor viewing and ultra‐low power consumption, attracts increasingly interests in display society. E‐paper technology has evolved slowly in the field of color reproduction and video frame rate, until the arise of electrowetting display (EWD) technology. Benefits from the innately high speed response of microfluidics, EWD enables the displaying of color video content. In this report, the basic physics of electrowetting displays, including electro‐optical response and color reproduction method will be discussed. In this presentation, recent progress on above topics, including printed conductive pillar directed oil motion control and parallax issue in CMY stacked EWD device will also be discussed.
2‐2: Charging and Transport Behaviors of Species in Nonpolar Media for Lateral Driven Transparent Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Yang Jinglan , Zhang Yue , Liu Guangyou , Zeng Debo , Liu Yunhe , Li Zhuohang , Fan Qitian , Deng Shaozhi , Yang Bo-Ru
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the physical mechanism underlying the effect of the concentration of nonionic surfactant on transparent electrophoretic displays, with a focus on particle charging and charge transport. Besides, a model of particle dynamics is also provided to validate the proposed surfactant influencing mechanism.
5‐3: Predicting External Quantum Efficiency of Red Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices by Machine Learning
Authors: Lu Wang , Zhiyang Li , Shuyao Liu , Zhipeng Wang , Entao Sun , Song Liu , Wenzheng Gao
Published: June 2024

As the core material that affects the performance of OLED devices, the demand for performance improvement of OLED materials is urgent. However, due to the molecular diversity of organic compounds, traditional methods of development are inefficient and expensive. Recently, the machine learning (ML) approach has attracted increasing attention in the field of organic luminescent materials, which can learn from the existing results and provide the relation between the input features to the output performance. By constructing the relationship between molecular structure and device performance of OLED, the efficiency of material development is higher and guidance for material design is better provided through the identification of molecular key factors. In this work, we attempt to use the ML approach to explore the quantificational relation between the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of red phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) and their material and device structural factors, aiming to screen out the key factors governing the EQE and predict EQE values directly by molecular structure. We established the dataset based on over 1000 device data from experiment, and reduced the number of molecular descriptors to below 35. Currently, the root mean squared error (RMSE) of test set has been lowered to 3.21%. These results provide essential guidance for material screening and experimental device optimization. On this basis, we further designed new red host materials, which have higher EQE, up to 27.56%. It has reached the first‐class level of commercial materials.
6‐1: Multi‐dimensional Convertible Optical See‐through Head‐mounted Display Using Multiplexed Holographic Optical Element
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Zhiwei , Zhong Dihang , Qiang Wenzhuo , Wang Xiaorui
Published: June 2024

We propose a multi‐dimensional convertible optical see‐through head‐mounted (OST‐HMD) display system based on angle multiplexing. The system is mainly composed of multiplexed holographic optical elements (MHOEs), collimators and projectors. Depending on the angle of the incident light, the MHOE can perform different functions, enabling 2D/3D convertible and 2D/3D mixed augmented reality displays. The system is simple in structure, suitable for various use scenarios, and expands the application range of OST‐HMD.
6‐4: Invited Paper: Towards Eyeglass‐style Augmented Reality Near‐eye Displays based on Holographic Optical Element
Authors: Xia Xinxing , Mi Pengfei , Sun Ming , Ma Daqiang , Zheng Huadong , Yu Yingjie
Published: June 2024

We propose a holographic near‐eye display system incorporating holographic optical elements. In our design, a holographic optical element is used to replace the traditional eyepiece as a combiner for holographic near‐eye display, a tilted‐plane diffraction propagation algorithm is used to optimize the holograms, and finally an Augmented Reality near‐eye display based on the holographic optical element is realized, and the wearing scheme is demonstrated.
7‐1: Power Consumption Evaluation of Field Sequential Color LCD Systems with Mini‐LED Backlight
Authors: He Jinglun , Li Fulin , Cao Jianwei , Liu Weidong
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the power consumption characteristics of Field Sequential Color LCD (FSC‐LCD) systems. FSC‐LCD, known for its potential to significantly reduce power consumption and improve color performance, is analyzed. The study introduces an optimized power consumption evaluation model, incorporating real‐world application variations and additional parameters affecting accuracy. This model offers valuable insights for the design and development of energy‐efficient FSC‐LCD systems with Mini‐LED backlight, contributing to global green and low‐carbon objectives.
8‐2: The micro‐scale adsorption of QDs on select surface by click chemistry
Authors: Li Shang , Gu Mi , Garzandat Sara , Sun Xiao Wei , Bachelot Renaud
Published: June 2024

QDs’ adsorption on multi‐surface is one of the key points to achieve on‐chip nano‐source. By click chemistry between surface functionalization layer and QDs, QDs were adsorbed on the target surface. This method could achieve small size, stable performance and high efficiency at the same time. Two kinds of surface functionalization material, with similar structure, were used to compare the QDs adsorption ability. DCOOH, the material with click chemistry possibility, exhibit 3‐time stronger adsorption ability comparing the DNO2.
11‐2: Optimizing TV Gamma Settings for Enhanced Viewer Satisfaction: A Comprehensive Study on Backlight Brightness and Color Gamut Influences
Authors: Chen Li-Yin , Bellers Erwin , Hsieh Chung-An , Liu Steve Shaw-Jong , Jiang Yu-Lun , Janssen Johan , Shih Hsiang-Yao
Published: June 2024

We explored the impact of gamma settings on visual experiences in diverse TV configurations, revealing user acceptability influenced by backlight brightness and color gamut. The findings challenge the traditional fixed gamma value, suggesting a need for tailored adjustments to align with diverse viewer preferences in different TV setups.
12‐1: High‐resolution Fast Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays on Gen 4.5
Authors: YUAN Zhengnan-Nan , ZHAO Ying-Ming , PAN Su , LI Yan-Fen , SUN Zhi-Bo , HUO Yi-Peng , TSENG Man-Chun , LU Lei , VASHCHENKO Valerii , SRIVASTAVA Abhishek Kumar , CHEN Xing-Wu , ZHANG Xin , ZHANG Sheng-Dong , CHEN Li-Xuan , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2024

A successful test of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Displays (FLCD) on Gen 4.5 is realized in this paper. A new polyimide (PI) that can replace Nylon 6 (N6) is synthesized and tested on the production line. This used to be the barrier in the commercialization of FLCD. Apart from that, a new FLC for mass production is synthesized. To investigate the surface energy and relative performance, various materials are compared. This proof of the feasibility on the production line is a significant step towards the commercialization of field‐sequential‐color high‐resolution FLCDs.
12‐3: A Liquid Crystal Polymer Matrix‐Based Solution for Linear Polarization Color Conversion‐Photoalignment Lithography Pixelated Color Filters
Authors: SONG Jianxin , PRODANOV Maksym , GAO Yiyang , KANG Chengbin , MALLEM Kumar , LIAO Zebing , BHADRA Debjyoti , VASHCHENKO Valerii , SRIVASTAVA Abhishek
Published: June 2024

This study reports a method to fabricate linearly polar ized color filters (CFs) using quantum rods (QRs) as emitters. Direct photolithography is employed with a li quid crystal polymer matrix to align QR‐CFs. Red and green CFs are developed using CdSe/CdS and CdSe/CdZnS QRs. Optimization of the curing agent concent ration improves QR dispersion and emission. The fabr icated single‐pixel CFs demonstrate a polarization deg ree of 0.33. This novel patterning technique produces high‐quality polarized CFs with applications in next‐ge neration displays.
18‐2: The Influence of Bending FFC Transmission Line on High‐Speed Signal Channels
Authors: Deng Zaiyong , Zhu Hongpeng , Liu Yuqi , Chen Dongwen , Song Lijia
Published: June 2024

Generally, display devices interconnect FFC transmission lines with circuits to form a transmission line network system to achieve data communication between Tcon and Driver. Due to the limitations of the external shape and internal space structure of the display device, the FFC transmission cable presents a curved shape from 0 to 180 degrees during the wiring process. Under the action of spatial electromagnetic fields, the display device will involve the field‐circuit hybrid problem of electromagnetic coupling of the FFC transmission line's bent line and circuit conduction interference, which will cause severe electromagnetic interference(EMI), resulting in deterioration of the high‐speed channel signal at the receiving end and even inability to correctly restore and decode the signal, thus causing signal distortion, which in turn leads to display image distortion or pixel loss.
23‐1: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing of GaN‐based LED Sheets for MicroLED Display Application
Authors: Matias Vladimir , Sheehan Chris , Osinski Julian
Published: June 2024

iBeam Materials is developing a revolutionary new technology to fabricate large‐area inexpensive sheets of GaN‐based LEDs and devices directly on large‐area metal foils. This new technology is based on using ion‐beam crystal alignment to fabricate templates for epitaxial GaN films on flexible metal foil, that are lattice‐matched, as well as thermally highly conductive and thermally matched to GaN. The ion beam assisted deposition (IBAD) texturing process is used to prepare biaxially aligned films as templates for GaN epitaxy. Epitaxial GaN films have been grown on these engineered flexible metal substrates. We have achieved GaN films of several microns in thickness on polycrystalline metal foils that have typical threading dislocation densities of 4 – 8 x 108/cm2. We then used these epitaxial GaN films on IBAD/polycrystalline metal foil as templates to deposit epitaxial multi‐quantum well light emitting diode (LED) InGaN structures. InGaN LED devices were successfully fabricated and patterned into MicroLED arrays on metal foil. We observe photoluminescence from these LED structures with 70% of the intensity compared to LEDs fabricated on sapphire. We discuss how these LED devices could be manufactured using a roll‐to‐roll process and cost reductions that result from this. Large‐area LED sheets can then be used to monolithically integrate MicroLEDs into paper‐thin and flexible displays.
29‐1: Dopant Distribution Optimization towards High Performance Phosphor‐Assisted Fluorescence Devices
Authors: Cai Minghan , Li Guomeng , Liu Bin , Wang Hongyu , Huang Genmao , Zhang Dongdong , Duan Lian , Zhu Xiujian , Song Wonjun
Published: June 2024

Different source arrangements can significantly affect the material distribution within emitting layers of OLEDs. By optimizing the source arrangement, increasing the concentration of the assisted phosphor, and decreasing the concentration of the multi‐resonance fluorescent dopant at the interface, the efficiency of phosphor‐assisted fluorescence device can be enhanced by 14%.
35‐1: Invited Paper: High‐quality high‐k ZrO2‐based dielectric film with low leakage current
Authors: Liu Xianzhe , Chen Ao , Liao Zhiying , Zhang Huiqi , Li Yan , Wang Ruihua , Huang Aiping
Published: June 2024

With the miniaturization and integration of wearable electronics, there are some serious problems such as signal crosstalk and high power consumption that restrict its development. Active‐matrix thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with high permittivity (high‐k) insulator layer provide a promising opportunity for reducing signal crosstalk and power consumption of wearable electronics. Here, we propose a simple and cost‐effective gradient heating‐up strategy to prepare high‐k zirconium dioxide (ZrO 2)‐based dielectric films. Amorphous ZrO 2 films annealed at 400°C exhibits a high transmittance and a high dielectric properties of a relative low leakage current (10‐8 A/cm2 ) and large capacitance density of 215 nF/cm2 . To meet requirements of flexible wearable electronics, ZrO 2‐organic polymer hybrid dielectric film was further developed. A smooth surface morphology (Sa=0.478 nm) and good dielectric performance (~10‐8 A/cm2 ) of ZrO 2‐based hybrid film was obtained at 250°C, which can promote the development of flexible TFT and extend the application scenarios of wearable electronics.
36‐4: Analysis of Halo Improvement Factors of Mini‐LED Backlit Display Based on Visual Sensitivity
Authors: He Nailong , Zhang Yuning , Hu Chenhao , Wang Wei , Liu Joan , Zhuang Jiaqing , Liu Haikun
Published: June 2024

According to the characteristics of the halo phenomenon of Mini‐LED partition backlit LCD display, we measure the luminance and distribution of the halo by using the measurement method established before, and further analyze the influencing factors. Based on the hardware characteristics of this type of display, we extract three factors that affect the intensity of the halo, which are the luminance of the display area, the native contrast of the display panel and the number or size of the backlight partition. We designed and carried out the halo visual perception evaluation experiment according to the influencing factors of the halo, and further established the halo sensitivity model, which took the width and luminance of the halo as independent variables, and the predicted value of the halo was highly correlated with the evaluation value (R 2 >0.90). Finally, we analyzed the influence trend of various factors on the intensity of the halo through the established model, and proposed a hardware‐based halo improvement scheme. At the same time, the model also helped to establish the evaluation standard of the halo.
38‐1: Invited Paper: Characteristics and Classifications of Near‐Eye Display of Extended Reality (XR) Products
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liang Jiaojiao , Xiang Xiao , Wang Chaohao , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2024

With the continuous evolution of technology, XR products are expected to witness significant breakthroughs and advancements in these aspects, ultimately enhancing the overall user experience. However, careful consideration and optimization of these characteristics based on the intended purpose and usage scenarios of the product remain an area of ongoing research. The primary goal of this paper is to provide a comprehensive reference framework for researchers and product developers to facilitate further research and development in XR technology. By analyzing and discussing the existing literature, this review aims to synthesize the current understanding and state‐of‐the‐art progress in XR technology, serving as a valuable resource for researchers and developers seeking to innovate in this rapidly growing field.
42‐1: Invited Paper: Fast and accurate eye positioning in eye tracking‐based 3D display
Authors: Jia Jia , Li Xin , Cao Hongkun , Xu Huan , Kang Jianghui , Tan Baolin
Published: June 2024

The eye tracking‐based autostereoscopic 3D display provides a large viewing angle, low crosstalk, and large depth perception 3D image experience without using any 3D eyeglasses. However, accurate and fast eye position detection and tracking are still challenging. This study presents an accurate and fast eye positioning algorithm by reducing the computational load of stereo matching and stereo rectification in stereo vision. The accuracy of distance measurement is up to 98.46%. The processing time needed to calculate the distance between the target and the cameras is less than 0.012s.
46‐2: Invited Paper: Research of Measurement Method for Optical Characteristics of Ultra‐short Throw Projection Display
Authors: Huang Yan , Pan Jiangen , Xu Songjie , Song Li
Published: June 2024

Because it can make “snail house” realize the dream of large screen, ultra‐short throw projection display has developed rapidly in the application of indoor display. However, due to its unique characteristics of short‐distance projection, using illuminance meter to test and evaluate the uniformity of projection will cause large errors. In this paper, it is recommended to use imaging luminance meter instead of illuminance meter to evaluate the optical characteristics of ultra‐short throw projection display by referring to the test methods of traditional indoor displays, and the applicability of this method is proved by measured data.
46‐5: Photon‐to‐Photon Latency Test Solution to Video See‐Through of Mixed Reality Headset
Authors: Xiao Longyun , Jin Wangzan , Wang Qining , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2024

Photon‐to‐Photon latency indicates the time it takes for the device to transmit events captured from the real world to display of headset in real‐time, and this lag is 0 for AR, but is noticeable for MR that uses Video See‐Through. The industry‐leading product assert to deliver a PTP performance within a span of 12 milliseconds. Therefore, high‐precision equipment is required for testing. We have developed a PTP test equipment that can achieve a test accuracy of 0.08ms. With such an approach, we discovered that a range of commercially available products vary in their performance levels, while the top‐performing product offers a PTP latency of less than 10ms. In addition, our method can avoid the influence of motion blur from the VST camera and can test the PTP latency performance of the system for a long time and with high accuracy. At the same time, different testing methods are customized for different users, such as product developers and evaluation agencies.
47‐1: Invited Paper: Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet Specialized Perovskite non‐polar Ink for Printing Color Conversion Layer of Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Lin Yue , Yang Xiao , Wang Shuli , Chen Zhong
Published: June 2024

In micro‐LED display, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) inkjet printing has been proven competent in patterning the fluorescent quantum dots in to color conversion arrays with the highest spatial resolution, compared with other inkjet printing technologies. In this article, we introduce basic thoughts of designing the EHD specialized inks, aiming to optimized the properties of ink for commercially readily products. First, from the view point of electrodynamics, the basic mechanism of electrical driving is introduced, in which the difference between two type of ink, the ionic polar ink and the colloidal nonpolar ink are compared. Secondly, the interconnections and the physical problem between ink engineering and the optimization targets: ejection control, pixel homogeneity, stability and efficiency are revealed. The correlation between dielectric constant and viscosity are described in theory. It is pointed out that this coupling between electric and rheologic properties need to be taken into consideration when designing the EHD specialized ink.
52‐3: Time‐multiplexing Method Using Dual Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Shutters for Light Field 3D Display
Authors: SUN Zhi-Bo , YUAN Zheng-Nan , HUO Yi-Peng , DONG Shou-Cheng , CHEUNG Alex , VASHCHENKO Valerii , VASHCHENKO Olena , SRIVASTAVA Abhishek , KWOK Hoi-Sing
Published: June 2024

In light field displays, the resolution loss is a serious problem, leading to insufficient image depth, display size, and resolution. Here, we achieve a high refresh time multiplexing method that can effectively increase the display resolution by up to 32 times. Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC) with a fast response at 2 kHz and an optimized charge compensation method is proposed in this article. It is very promising for light field 3D displays in the future.
67‐1: Invited Paper: Elemental Image Array Generation Method Based on the Voxel Space of the InIm‐based LFD
Authors: Liu Ze‐Sheng , Li Da‐Hai , Deng Huan
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we propose a method of generating the elemental image array (EIA) for the integral imaging (InIm) based light field display (LFD). Firstly, we reveal the intrinsic voxel spatial distributions of the InIm‐based LFD and analyze how the voxel space affects the display performances such as spatial resolution, depth of field, and smoothness of parallax. Then, we present an algorithm to generate an EIA from a pair of RGB and depth (RGBD) images and an optimally selected voxel space. In the experiments, we tested the display performances of the voxels on different depth planes and obtained results consistent with the theoretical analyses. We also experimented with a computer 3D model and a real‐world scene on two InIm‐based LFD prototypes working in different modes, one in real mode and the other in virtual mode, and obtained favorable 3D display effects. The proposed method simplifies the light field data acquisition and image synthesis process, and supports handling both the virtual and the real‐world 3D scenes. We expect the proposed system to help the practical application of the InIm‐based LFD technology.
70‐1: Invited Paper: Capacitance Reduction of Red OLED through Device Optimization
Authors: Xie Menglan , Pang Huiqing , Cui Zhihao , Wang Jing , Ding Hualong , Zheng Renjie , Chai Xingxing , Kwong Ray , Xia Sean
Published: June 2024

In this work, we demonstrate a novel device structure with a dual‐electron blocking layer (2EBL) configuration to improve the capacitance‐voltage (CV) behavior without compromising other critical performances of bottom‐emission red organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). We started the work from studying the influence of electron blocking materials (EBMs) on various device characteristics including capacitance behavior. It is found that with conventional single EBL configuration, EBM with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level tends to have high voltage yet low capacitance, while EBM with a shallow HOMO has the opposite behavior. To combine the advantages of low voltage and low capacitance, we investigate the employment of 2EBL configuration. 2 EBMs were developed, where EBM1 has a HOMO of ‐5.17 eV and a faster hole mobility of 21×10‐5 cm2/Vs, while EBM2 has a deeper HOMO level of ‐5.22 eV and a slower mobility of 14×10‐5 cm2 /Vs. Bottom emission red OLEDs A‐D with single EBM1, single EBM2, EBM1/EBM2, and EBM2/EBM1 were fabricated, respectively. The characterization of OLEDs A‐D reveals that OLED C reaches a balanced performance, at 10 mA/cm2 achieving a low voltage of 3.5 V, a low maximum capacitance per unit area (u‐Cmax) of 36 nF/cm2 and an accumulated charges per unit area (u‐Q) of 8 nC/cm2, while maintaining a high EQE of 30.6% and a long lifetime LT95 of 11,300 h. Moreover, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements highlight the differences in bulk resistance among the OLED configurations, emphasizing the importance of EBL composition and arrangement in optimizing OLED performance. Low capacitance of OLED ensures a quick signal response and hence quick refresh rate, especially at low gray scale scenarios. Reduction of capacitance through EBL optimization is believed to be the best strategy, comparing to tuning emitter and hosts which is more likely to affect other key performances of OLED. Although this work is based on study of red OLED, the same scheme can be extended to other colors.
P‐1.4: Synergistic Enhancement of Stability and Mobility in ZrO2‐Doped ITZO TFTs with MLO Passivation
Authors: Lin Delang , Chen Rongsheng
Published: June 2024

To completely improve the stability of ZnO‐based thin‐film transistors (TFTs), we propose a comprehensive optimization strategy for ITZO TFTs. We perform ZrO2 doping of the active layer and organic passivation of the back‐channel surfaces of ITZO TFTs with bottom‐gate top contact. The combination of a multifunctional laminated organic passivation layer and a ZrO2‐doped active layer enables ITZO TFTs to provide improved electrical and optical stress stability and excellent thermal stress stability. The results show that ZrO2‐doped ITZO TFTs have a wider effective application temperature range and maintain excellent transistor characteristics compared to undoped devices. It also exhibits excellent reliability in terms of negative bias gate stress testing, which cannot be improved by back‐channel surface passivation.
P‐1.7: High Performance 12.7 inch 3K*2K DEMUX TDDI TPC LCD Fabricated by TGSA bilayer Oxide TFT Technology
Authors: Lin Liang , Zhang Haoxiong , Zou Zhixiang , Zhang Ran , Wang Zhangtao , Shao Xibin
Published: June 2024

High mobility of thin film transistor (TFT) is critical to liquid crystal display (LCD) for high performance. We have developed an ultra‐high mobility (> 50 cm2 /V•s) Top Gate Self‐alignment (TGSA) bilayer oxide TFT technology, achieving on‐state current over 60μA and excellent electrical stress stability, which makes it possible to achieve high resolution, high refresh and narrow‐bezel simultaneously. Dual gate driving TGSA TFT exhibits even higher mobility to support a source line DEMUX 1:2 circuit design. A 12.7 inch 3K*2K TDDI TPC LCD with 120Hz refresh rate, DEMUX design and 1.5mm narrow‐bezel was fabricated. This first ultra‐high resolution TDDI TPC LCD product indicates the superiority of our high ultra‐mobility TGSA bilayer oxide TFT technology.
P‐1.23: High‐Performance Dual‐Gate a‐IGZO/a‐IZO Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Yang Huan , Ma Zhikang , Lu Lei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: June 2024

To effectively enhance the mobility without other degradations, such as much negative threshold voltage, this work fabricated the a‐IGZO/a‐IZO heterojunction‐channel TFTs with dual‐gate structure. The fabricated a‐IZO/a‐IGZO with thicker a‐IGZO TFT shows high performance, including high mobility of 54.6 cm2 /Vs, small subthreshold swing of 0.26 V/dec, and good stability under PBTS and NBTIS.
P‐3.3: Investigation into the Relationship between Depth and Quality of Naked‐Eye 3D Images
Authors: Gao Yuan , Hou Tianwen , Gong Fan , Zhai Sihong , Wang Chaohao , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2024

In our study, we simulated naked‐eye 3D stereoscopic depth images and examined the clarity of images at different depths in detail. Our findings reveal an important insight: as the image depth increases, crosstalk between images becomes more severe. This is mainly due to the increase in parallax and the characteristics of the visual system in processing depth information. Furthermore, we utilized the modulation transfer function (MTF) for related analysis, and the results show that the MTF of stereoscopic depth decreases as the depth increases. This trend further illustrates the close relationship between increased depth and decreased image quality. Our research findings provide important theoretical basis for understanding and improving the quality of naked‐eye 3D images.
P‐3.8: Differences in Visual Comfort of Smartphones between Comfortable and Uncomfortable Luminance
Authors: Wu Chenyu , Tu Yan , Wang Lili , Liu Xin , Jia Linyu , Zheng Binyi , Liu Jie
Published: June 2024

Differences in visual comfort between comfortable and uncomfortable luminance were explored on a smartphone. The results revealed that tiny changes in CFF and microsaccade parameters (pupil diameter, amplitude, and peak velocity) were presented at the comfortable luminance, inducing less eye discomfort. Particularly, CFF is an effective indicator of visual comfort and fatigue.
P‐4.7: Development Status and Application of the Integration of VR and EEG
Authors: Zhang Yan , Li Zhengping , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) technology and Electroencephalography (EEG) have both made significant advancements in recent years, offering new possibilities for the integration of the two technologies. The combination of virtual reality (VR) and electroencephalography (EEG) technology not only allows users to feel a more immersive and personalized experience in a virtual environment, but also allows developers or researchers to obtain EEG data that is difficult to obtain in the real world. The integration of EEG and VR technology has been broadly employed in various fields, such as medical, education, scientific research, etc.
P‐4.8: The Research Status and Prospect of Virtual Reality in Rescue Field
Authors: Hu Yang , Yang Zhuo , Wang Lijun
Published: June 2024

With the frequent occurrence of disasters and accidents, as well as the rapid development of virtual reality technology, the immersive experience brought by virtual reality technology provides innovative solutions for the rescue field. This article reviews the development history and research status of virtual reality in the field of rescue, introduces the application of virtual reality technology in simulating disaster scenarios, training rescue personnel, and improving decision‐making efficiency in earthquake, fire, and mine rescue, and emphasizes the advantages of virtual reality technology in the rescue field. Finally, the prospects of virtual reality technology in the field of rescue were discussed.
P‐4.14: D‐Vcom adjustment algorithm for VR display products research and experimental validation
Authors: Li Jingyong , Zhang Min , Xie Jianyun , Tian Wenhong , Liang Fei , Wang Yu
Published: June 2024

The current method of Vcom adjustment in VR products is to start with the smallest Vcom and increase the voltage with a larger adjustment step while testing the change in flicker value, the flicker value will slowly decrease and when the flicker value starts to get bigger, reduce the adjustment step and adjust the Vcom in the opposite direction until the second flicker gets bigger and meets the specification, then the optimum Vcom will be found (quotes) [1].There are obvious drawbacks to this current approach: 1. Dueto the different optimal Vcom of different modules, the time to find the optimal Vcom is long and not fixed;2. Vcom will drift with time (Vcom Drift), the problem of irregular time will lead to increased risk of Flicker NG. In order to solve the shortcomings of the current Vcom adjustment methods, we introduced the mathematical theory and deduced the Vcom calculation process to establish the deterministic‐Vcom (D‐Vcom) algorithm. After experiments, the DVcom algorithm can effectively reduce the Vcom adjustment time and has the advantage of fixed adjustment time. This is very helpful for the actual production efficiency and optical stability of the products.
P‐4.16: Extending Eyebox with Big FOV for Holographic Retinal Projection Display
Authors: Su Yumeng , Wang Yue , Wang Zi , Feng Qibin , Lv Guoqiang
Published: June 2024

The Maxwellian display presents always‐focused images to the viewer, alleviating the vergence‐accommodation conflict (VAC) in near‐eye displays (NEDs). However, the limited eyebox of the typical Maxwellian display prevents it from wider applications. We propose a large FOV holographic Maxwellian display system and develop a new eyebox expansion method simultaneously. The system utilizes the special structure of the grating to provide secondary diffraction of the reconstructed image. The lens behind the grating is able to converge the reconstructed images of different diffraction orders at certain intervals of the point of view, which realizes a large FOV and extends the exit pupil size at the same time.
P‐4.17: High linearity low‐power Digital Scanning Algorithm for Driving OLED‐on‐silicon Microdisplays
Authors: Liu Xingyan , Ji Yuan , Mu Tingzhou , Zhang Yin , Wang Jie
Published: June 2024

This paper proposes a high linearity digital scanning algorithm (HLD), which quantifies the additional luminous current generated during the switching process of the driving transistor, and generates linear weights by adjusting the time and amplitude of the subfield, eliminating the low linearity of gray level caused by the row data zeroing operation of the fractional subfield in the traditional digital pulse width modulation (PWM) algorithm. The results indicate that by modulating Vcom, RMSE of grayscale data is increased from 3.8689 to 2.8826. In addition, this paper proposes a leakage reuse technique that collects the leakage current of the SRAM pixel array in the hold state to precharge the row line, reducing the loss of supply voltage by charging the row capacitors from 0 to 1, and effectively reducing the dynamic power consumption of the row by 22%.
P‐4.20: Unique simulation design for crossed‐type exit pupil based on polarization volume grating
Authors: Wei Ran , Yang Canran , Weng Yishi , Zhang Yuning
Published: June 2024

We propose a simulation method for two‐dimensional (2D) crossed‐type exit pupil expansion based on polarization volume grating (PVG) applied in diffractive waveguide holographic display. The functions of turning and decoupling of the PVG are realized through two continuous Bragg regions, and the spatial director distribution of liquid crystal is combined with RCWA to model its diffractive characteristics and ray tracing simulation.
P‐4.22: Multi‐channel field of view transmission based on polarization volume grating
Authors: Gu Yuchen , Weng Yishi , Wang Chuang , Lin Nan , Wei Ran , Zhang Yuning
Published: June 2024

We present the field of view (FOV) that can be achieved by near‐eye displays based on polarization volume grating(PVG). The effects of the refractive index and period parameter of PVG‐couplers on the FOV are investigated. In addition, we propose two wide‐FOV near‐eye displays featuring a PVG based dual‐channel waveguide. Both structures use the polarization properties of the PVG to propagate the field of view in separate channels.
P‐4.26: Virtual Reality Headsets with Ultra‐Compact Pancake Optics Utilizing Free‐Form Optical Lenslet Array Simulation Models
Authors: Hou Tianwen , Bi Ye , Gao Yuan , Rui Congsan , Liang Jiaojiao , Zang Shunli , Wang Chaohao , Le Chengrui , Zhao Lei
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a simulation model for a large field‐of‐view, wide eye‐box, and high‐resolution ultra‐thin near‐eye display based on a freeform optical lens array. It creatively incorporates a polarization‐based optical folding technique (pancake lens), reducing the thickness of the simulation model to less than 1.4 cm (excluding the display screen). Compared to traditional VR devices, this significantly reduces the volume and weight of the equipment. The parameters of the simulation model are as follows: eye‐box size of 10mm, resolution utilization rate of 50%; the introduction of freeform optics greatly improves the imaging quality of the displayed images. At the same time, the field of view reaches 116Â° (single eye, vertical direction).
P‐5.10: A Method of Reducing the Warpage of Medium Size AMOLED Modules in High Temperature and Humidity Environment
Authors: Ou Jianbing , Li Zhengyang , Cao Ying , Wu Pei
Published: June 2024

In AMOLED modules, the circular polarizer will shrink and generate stress in high temperature and humidity environment, leading to bending and deformation of the entire module. This paper explores the influence of different OCA storage modulus and distributions on the warpage of AMOLED modules by simulation.
P‐5.11: The Effect of the Anti‐glaring Layer on an Autostereoscopic Display
Authors: Lu Min , Pu Yiying , Jia Jia , Kang Jianghui , Tan Baolin , Wu Yu , Ma Xiaoqi
Published: June 2024

The effect of the anti‐glaring (AG) layer on autostereoscopic displays is discussed in this paper. A simulation platform based on the ray‐tracing method and the Snellâ€™s law is introduced to provide the theoretical analysis of the crosstalk induced by the AG effect. The experimental data is found to be in coincidence with the simulation result.
P‐5.15: Spatial Multi Directional Local Compensation in 3D Display
Authors: Pu Yiying , Lu Min , Jia Jia , Kang Jianghui , Wu Erjian , Xu Huan , Wu Yu , Tan Baolin
Published: June 2024

In this study, a spatial multi‐directional local calibration method is proposed for 3D displays, which is used to accurately measure and adjust the local parameter deviation of large‐sized 3D displays at various angles. The experiment shows this spatial multi directional local compensation can improve the yield of 3D displays, enhance imaging quality, and reduce crosstalk.
P‐5.21: Study on the Reflected Diffraction of COE
Authors: Xue Hongyan , Li Hui , Zou Min , Dang Pengle , Shen Ying , Zhu Xiujian
Published: June 2024

COE (Color on Encapsulation) technology is a new technology that uses CF (color films) and BM (black matrix) structures to replace the polarizer. It has the advantages of low power consumption and the thin film layer, and is an emerging technology in the field of OLED displays. Due to the high transmittance of CF and the fact that OLED film pattern structure, COE technology has the disadvantage of the obvious reflection diffraction. Based on the finite difference time domain method, the paper studies the film factors of OLED, and summarizes the main factors that affect diffraction. According to the simulation results, the diffraction phenomenon of COE technology was significantly improved by optimizing the OLED film layer parameters.
P‐6.1: Research on Screen Splitting of 8T1C Pixel Circuit
Authors: Chu Wenquan , Xu Ji , Chen Xinquan , Liu Ke , Zhu Shaojie , Dang Pengle
Published: June 2024

The 7T1C (7 Thin Film Transistors and 1 capacitor) pixel circuits, prevalent in LTPO (Low‐Temperature Polycrystalline Oxide) products, encounter output characteristic shifts when the DTFT (Driver Thin Film Transistor) is biased for extended periods at 1Hz. This shift facilitates a noticeable brightness disparity between the hold frame and the write frame. To mitigate the 7T1C pixel circuit defects, the 8T1C (8 TFT and 1 capacitor) pixel circuit has been developed, introducing T8 to reset the source or drain of DTFT at high frequencies, thus alleviating low‐frequency flicker.

In deploying the 8T1C pixel circuit, a high‐frequency signal initializes the OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) anode. When this signal scans into the blanking area, the driven row number decreases, reducing the load on the GIP (Gate in Panel) signal and VREFN2 signal. This more comprehensive anode initialization can lead to dark mura and screen splitting. This study explores the 8T1C pixel circuit's split‐screen issue, analyzing the mechanism, related factors (such as anode initialization voltage, the number of blank lines, and T8's brightness and reset frequency), and their impact on the split‐screen phenomenon. Employing the demura function of DDIC (Display Driver Integrated Circuit) and analyzing related factors, a solution for screen splitting is proposed. The existing demura solution is enhanced by incorporating low‐brightness photography and adjusting VREFN2 and the number of blank lines, improving the low‐brightness photography effect and optimizing the screen splitting issue.
P‐6.6: A study on evaluation methods of gray pattern flicker based on Mobile low frequency display
Authors: XiaoJuan Gao , LiTao Fan , Yongqiang Zhang , Jian Zhang , Zhenguo Zhou , Long Liu , Honglei Wang , Hao Wu , Xiaoping Zhang , Yangli Zheng , Hailin Xue
Published: June 2024

For LCD low‐frequency display products, study the influence of factors such as Ioff, frequency, and capacitance on grayscale Flicker, to meet the specification of low‐frequency products display quality.
P‐6.8: Research on fine‐HD Display System Drive in a‐Si LCD
Authors: Fan Li-Tao , Zhang Jian , Gao Xiao-Juan , Zhang Xiao-Ping , Wu Hao , Xue Hai-Lin
Published: June 2024

The rising demand of OLED products in the mobile market gradually shrink the market shares for LCD products, which seriously affects the competitiveness of a‐Si products. This article proposes a‐Si fine‐HD (fHD) display system solution， combines high‐definition image quality， super high refresh rate, ultra narrow border ， light sensing TFT driver integrated ， and other performance features. Compared to existing HD display system, fHD display system can open up new opportunities, increase market value and product iteration for a‐Si products. At the same time, it has a significant cost effectiveness advantage, attracting head customers of mobile phone.
P‐6.18: Research on Lifetime Compensation Method for OLED Brightness Decay Caused by Temperature Changes
Authors: Zheng Pengkun , Guo Xingling , Zhang Xiao , Huang Jiting , Tan Xiaoping , Ge Mingwei , Zhu Xiujian
Published: June 2024

The ambient temperature will affect the lifetime of OLED display devices. With the increase of ambient temperature, the heat dissipation of OLED devices will be affected, and the aging speed will be accelerated. Research shows that after the ambient temperature cools from high temperature, the brightness of OLED will rise. In this paper, the aging mechanism of OLED devices is studied, the influence of high temperature on OLED brightness is analyzed, the brightness change of OLED display under the condition of ambient temperature from high temperature to normal temperature is shown, and a compensation method is proposed to solve the problem that the change of ambient temperature from high temperature to normal temperature causes the brightness to rise, resulting in inaccurate aging compensation. Finally, the OLED screen is actually aging, and the simulation compensation graph is generated according to the algorithm model. The brand formed by the long‐term aging of the screen can be well compensated and the life of the OLED display can be extended.
P‐7.5: The study on ultimate bending performance of UTG
Authors: Chong Shen , Mingxing Liu , Lingyan Chen , Jun Zhou , Fang Zhang
Published: June 2024

In this paper, the ultimate bending performance of UTG was studied. UTG samples of 30um thickness with different degrees of surface compressive stress, strengthening depth, edge collapse degree and in‐plane microdefects were selected for 2PB ultimate bending test. The results show that in‐plane microdefects have the greatest influence on UTG 2PB limit bending, the edge collapse size has the second influence on UTG 2PB limit bending, and the surface tensile stress and strengthening depth have the second influence on UTG 2PB limit bending. Therefore, the most fundamental means to improve the ultimate bending performance of UTG is to reduce the degree of microdefects in the UTG surface and effectively control the specifications of UTG edge breakage. At the same time, it is also important to characterize the degree of UTG microdefects and edge breakage.
P‐7.11: Effect of etching conditions, MoNb thickness on gate profile and CD Bias of ADS Pro TFT
Authors: Liu Dan , Chen Guoliang , Huang Zhonghao , An Jianguo , Jung Dongwon , Chen Wenxiang , Wu Xu , Wu Fang , Zhang Shufang , Liu GaoBin , Fang Liang
Published: June 2024

The etched MoNb/Cu stack film is widely used as gate electrodes for ADS Pro TFTs. The CD Bias and profile angle(PA) are two important performance parameters for wet etching. The product‐specific bottom MoNb thickness and the fluctuation of wet etching conditions(time, temperature, and Cu ion concentration) make it difficult to precisely control the etching quality, thus it is of great significance to identify the influence of the above two factors on CD Bias and PAs. In this paper, the wet etching time, temperature and Cu ion concentration are taken as independent variables, and 11 different etching conditions are arranged based on the uniform experiments design to etch MoNb/Cu samples with two different MoNb thicknesses. The experiments reseluts shows that for the etched two MoNb/Cu stacks (15/300 nm, 30/300 nm) samples, the CD Bias and PAs are in the range of 0.22~0.73 µm and 40~51°, respectively. Both the CD Bias and PAs increase with the bottom MoNb thickness, etching temperature, etching time or Cu concentration, and the PAs increases with CD Bias. The etchant may form a reflux path during the etching process, along which the etching rate decreases. The difference between the etching rates at the top and bottom of the electrode contributes to the increase of PAs and CD Bias with etching severity. In the MoNb/Cu sidewall, MoNb acts as an anode due to the low corrosion potential, and the galvanic effect leads to the acceleration of MoNb etching, which ultimately results in the increase of PA and CD Bias under the thick MoNb.
P‐7.19: Investigation on the stress of color filter and subsequent failure behavior of COA structure
Authors: Li Ji , Zhang Xia , Liao Chang , Yin Yongming , Meng Hong
Published: June 2024

Color filter (CF) is a critical component in thin‐film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT‐LCD) products, which directly determines the optical performance of LCDs. CF was manufactured through the photolithography process. The physical and chemical properties of CF materials not only influence the image quality of displays, but also directly determine the manufactures and yields in the CF production process. Current research on CF focuses on their optical and manufacturing properties, which basically does not pay much attention to their mechanical properties. Especially in products with CF on array (COA) structure, the CF layer is above the array pattern. During the production process of photoresists, the stress of CF materials may cause a failing array circuit. In the process of developing a red photoresist, we observed dark‐dotted anomalies caused by the break of the gate insulator (GI) due to photoresist stress. Through stress analysis of different formulations, it was discovered that utilizing multifunctional reactive monomers could significantly increase material stress, resulting in an increased incidence of pixel dark spots. Combined with GI failure, the mechanism of dark spots was demonstrated. The analysis provided theoretical support and guidance for improving the production yields of COA‐structured TFT‐LCDs.
P‐7.24: Exploration of Microbial Control Methods in Wet Cleaning Equipment during LCD Production Process
Authors: Chen Yulong , Chen Bo
Published: June 2024

During the cleaning process of LCD production, the internal environment of wet cleaning equipment is conducive to microbial growth and can easily form biofilms. The shedding of these biofilms can result in product defects. This study employed 0.25 ppm ozone water to pass through the tank inside the wet washing equipment, which increased the number of days that the tank remained clean from 20 days to more than 130 days. And the lifespan of the filter has been extended from 10 days to over 60 days.
P‐7.25: The Application of Compound Inhibitors in Copper Etching Solutions
Authors: liao Chang , Tan Fang , Liu Gongchu
Published: June 2024

This paper focuses on the application of complex inhibitors in copper etching solutions. When 5‐methyltetrazolium (MTZ) and 5‐aminotriazole (ATZ) are used together, it has a very excellent synergistic effect on corrosion inhibition, mainly because the addition of MTZ can make the adsorption film formed by ATZ on the copper surface more dense, so as to effectively improve the corrosion inhibition efficiency. The synergistic effect of corrosion inhibition of these two substances can effectively reduce the amount of inhibitors in the etching solution, so that the etching taper angle will not become larger, which provides a new perspectives for the development of etching solution of the gate electrode in TFT LCD.