bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased gastrointestinal symptom frequency in diabetes mellitus even with good glycemic control
Authors: KALKAN Sezai , KARATAY Eylem , AKBAL Erdem
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal problems are reportedly more frequent in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population and are a cause of reduced quality of life (QOL). Even though studies have suggested that parameters such as glycemic control and disease duration are responsible for upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in DM, there is little compelling evidence to show a direct relationship given the fact that various other studies report no relationship. These conflicts may be caused by the lack of standardization of patient populations, evaluation methods and other causes. Our aim was to determine and compare the frequency of GI symptoms and GI-related QOL in recently diagnosed DM patients and healthy controls in order to evaluate this relationship with minimization of confounding factors.Material and methods: A total of 59 patients newly diagnosed with DM and 92 age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. Demographic characteristics, chronic diseases, GI symptoms (as measured by 8-MGSI score) and GI-related QOL (irritable bowel syndrome quality of life, IBS-QOL) scores were evaluated. Linear regression analysis was performed to determine factors that independently influenced IBS-QOL.Results: The patient and control groups were similar with regard to all characteristics except for chronic diseases. The scores for 8-MGSI and IBS-QOL were significantly worse in patients with DM. Regression analyses showed that IBS, DM and dyspepsia were independent factors that influences IBS-QOL scores.Conclusion:The results of our study show that the effect of DM on GI symptoms is not a function of disease duration or glycemic control; DM presence itself seems to have adverse effects on the GI system through mechanisms that are yet unknown. The explanation of these mechanisms rely on experimental research and prospective studies with rigid patient inclusion criteria.
PENGARUH OPERASI TEMPERATUR PEMANASAN,WAKTU PEMANASAN TERHADAP PERSEN YIELD PADA PROSES PENGURASAN MINYAK BIJI KEMIRI MENGUNAKAN PERALATAN EXPELLER PRESSING
Authors: Rifdah Rifdah
Published: November 2019

Kemiri ( Aleurites sp ) merupakan tanaman yang dapat tumbuh di areal termasuk di lahan kritis dan juga merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Tanaman ini termasuk termasuk dalam familia Euphorbiaceae ( jarak-jarakan ).  Tanaman kemiri tersebar luas di daerah tropis dan sub tropis dari sebelah Timur Asia hingga Fiji di kepulawan Pasifik. Di Indonesia sendiri tanaman ini  tersebar luas  hampir di seluruh wilayah Nusantara. Inti biji kemiri mengandung 60%  -  66% minyak kemiri.  Biji kemiri bermanfaat sebagai obat tradisional yaitu sebagai obat sakit gigi,demam dan bengkat sendi. Selain  itu juga digunakan sebagai bahan campuran  dalam pembuatan gula aren karena biji kemiri memudahkan pembekuan nira aren serta memberikan aroma dan rasa lebih nikmat pada gula aren tersebut.    Percobaan dilakukan terhadap pengurasan minyak kemiri dengan temperatur pemanasan, waktu pemanasan dan umur  biji kemiri yang berbeda. Temperatur pemanasan dilakukan  pada  40ºC; 500C; 600C; 700C; 800C, waktu pemanasan adalah 10 menit, 20 menit, 30 menit, 40 menit, 50 menit, dan umur biji kemiri adalah 1 minggu, 2 minggu, dan 4 minggu. Setelah pemanasan, inti biji  kemiri dipress hingga menghasilkan minyak dan minyak tersebut dianalisa. Uji atau analisa yang dilakukan meliputi dencity, indeks bias dan bilangan penyabunan.
PENGARUH JENIS DETERGEN DAN RASIO PENGENCERAN TERHADAP PROSES PENYERAPAN SURFAKTAN DALAM LIMBAH DETERGEN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON AKTIF DARI AMPAS TEH
Authors: Fernianti Dewi , Mardwita Mardwita , Suryati Linda
Published: November 2019

Permasalahan lingkungan saat ini yang banyak terjadi salah satunya adalah pencemaran oleh limbah cair yang berasal dari proses pencucian pakaian. Limbah cair  yang tidak dikelola akan menimbulkan dampak yang luar biasa pada perairan, khususnya sumber daya air.  Pada penelitian ini, digunakan kabon aktif dari ampas teh karena memiliki daya serap cukup baik, selain itu penggunaan ampas teh sebagai karbon aktif dapat meningkatkan nilai guna ampas teh, sedangkan yang akan dianalisa adalah bagaimana pengaruh jenis detergen (detergen bubuk dan detergen cair) dan variasi rasio pengenceran  terhadap daya serap karbon aktif dari ampas teh  pada proses penyerapan surfactan dalam limbah air pencucian pakaian (limbah  laundry). Metodelogi penelitian mula-mula ampas teh kasar dibuat arang aktif yang memenuhi standar mutu SNI. Lalu  sebanyak 300 ml larutan detergen dimasukkan kedalam tabung berdiameter 5 cm yang telah diisi oleh karbon aktif setinggi 5 cm.  Lalu catat pada menit keberapa untuk tetes pertama, kemudian tampung output limbah cair laundry selama 5 menit dari tetes pertama, 10 men it, 15 menit, 20 menit, 25 menit dan 30 menit.  Percobaan di ulangi untuk variabel pengenceran larutan dan jenis detergen. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh  mutu karbon akif yang dihasilkan dari ampas teh telah memenuhi syarat mutu arang aktif (SII No.0258-79). Dengan karakteristikik kadar air 9,1465%, kadar abu 2,0911%, karbon aktif murni 69,5989%, rendemen 90,16%. Penurunan kadar surfaktan yang optimal untuk detergen bubuk tercapai pada rasio pengenceran 46gr: 2,5lt pada waktu 10 menit sebesar 0,958 mg/L dengan daya serap karbon aktif 5,133 mg/L. Penurunan kadar surfaktan yang optimal untuk detergen cair tercapai pada rasio pengenceran 10,5gr: 2,5lt dalam waktu 15 menit sebesar 0,949 mg/L dengan daya serap karbon aktif 5,056 mg/L.
PEMBUATAN BIOGASOLINE DARI LIMBAH AMPAS TEBU DAN ECENG GONDOK DENGAN PROSES THERMAL CATALYTIC
Authors: Herawaty Netty , Rifdah Rifdah , Pratama M. Aditya
Published: November 2019

Pemanfaatan biomassa yang dikonversikan menjadi bahan bakar alternatif untuk mengurangi ketergantungan akan bahan bakar fosil. Hal  ini dilakukan agar produksi bahan bakar fosil dapat beralih ke bahan bakar alternatif. Biomassa ini menjadi permasalahan yang cukup serius bagi pemerintah dikarenakan akan limbah yang menumpuk akan tetapi pemanfaatannya yang sedikit. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan mengolah biomassa limbah ampas tebu dan e ceng gondok menjadi biogasoline.  Dalam pemanfaatan biomassa ini menggunakan metode thermochemical salah satunya adalah metode thermal catalytic. Metode thermal catalytic adalah pendekomposisian bahan dengan menggunakan panas dan dibantu dengan adanya katalis untuk mempercepat reaksi tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh waktu (30,60,90,120,150,180,210,240 menit), temperatur (200,250,300?C), dan katalis (zeolite alam dan serbuk besi). Dari   data hasil penelitian ini diketahui %yield tertinggi pada kondisi optimal temperatur 300?C, waktu 150 menit, dan menggunakan katalis zeolite alam dengan %yield sebesar 64,40 %.
GREEN SYNTHESIS NANOPARTIKEL GRAPHENE DENGAN AGEN PEREDUKSI URIN MANUSIA DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ADITIF BIONANOLUBRICANT BERBASIS CPO (CRUDE PALM OIL)
Authors: Irawan Ahmad , Robiah Robiah
Published: November 2019

Graphene is a nanomaterial that has been widely applied to various fields because of the uniqueness of the material, therefore this material is very interesting to be developed as an additive in lubricant. This study aims to determine the optimum additive weight ratio and obtain optimum operating conditions in the graphene dispersion process in base oil. This research is divided into 2 stages: preliminary research and main research. The preliminary study aims to transform the chemical structure of crude palm oil (CPO) through a three-stage reaction into a polyol as a base oil. The main research is the process of making bionanolubricant. Graphene is synthesized using a combination technique with a human urine as reducing agent. The formulations are known by varying the weight of the additive and the time of the dispersion. Variation of additive weight was 0% (A1), 0.25% (B1), 0.5% (C1), 1% (D1) while for dispersion time variation ranged from 0 min (A2), 60 min (B2), 90 minutes (C2) and, 120 minutes (D2). Based on the SEM-EDX test results, the SEM image formed graphene and spectrum layers on EDX show that the oxide in graphene has been successfully reduced. Bionanolubricant was tested for quality with 7 parameters. The composition of base oil formula 250 gr and graphene nanoparticles 0.5% w / w is the optimum additive weight ratio for C1 sample code whereas the economical dispersion time is 60 minutes. The result of the viscosity index test is 121,72, its pour point is 10,4oC, flash point equal to 228oC with lubrication capability tested through four ball tester got scar diameter equal to 0,87 mm. This Bionanolubricant belongs to the SAE 250 class and is classified as a GL-4 lubricant based on the quality level of API (American Petroleum Institute) performance test.
ANALISIS YURIDIS MENGENAI PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP PENGEDAR NARKOTIKA (Studi Terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Luwuk Nomor 05/Pid.b/2013/PN. Lwk)
Authors: MAROA MUSTATING DAENG
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pertimbangan yuridis hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana serta penerapan ketentuan hukum pidana materil terhadap pengedar narkotika menurut Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Luwuk. Penelitian ini bersifat yuridis normatif dengan sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer, sekunder dan tersier. Pertimbangan yuridis Hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pengedar narkotika menurut putusan Pengadilan Negeri Luwuk Nomor 05/ Pid.B/2013/PN. LWK adalah  dakwaan Subsidair Penuntut Umum yakni dipersalahkan melanggar ketentuan yang diatur dan diancam pidana dalam Pasal 112 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Adapun  penerapan ketentuan hukum pidana materil dengan menempatkan dakwaan Subsidair Penuntut Umum sebagai dasar untuk menghukum terdakwa adalah sangat tidak tepat karena berdasarkan fakta hukum persidangan yang tepat untuk diterapkan kepada perbuatan Terdakwa adalah Dakwaan Primer melanggar ketentuan yang diatur dan diancam pidana dalam Pasal 114 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 35 Tahun 2009
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI UJIAN SEKOLAH BERBASIS KOMPUTER ATAU COMPUTER BASED TEST (CBT) DI SMK NEGERI 1 KABUPATEN SORONG
Authors: Saptono Marcell Petrus , Widjasena Herry
Published: November 2019

Conventional Test System means that the test is done using paper and pencil or the current term Paper-Based Test (PBT), the constraints and shortcomings of the PBT system are no longer effective & efficient. Sorong State Vocational School 1 still uses Paper-Based Test (PBT) to carry out School Exams. Conventional systems must be replaced by computer information technology using Computer-based Tes

        This research resulted in an offline Computer Based Test (CBT) based test system at SMK Negeri 1 Kabupaten Sorong. The CBT system makes it easier for student and teacher examinations, the use of exam paper is reduced, examination of exam results is more efficient and effective, it can save time and money. This application system can be used for grading assignments, daily tests and midterm, final exam can even be used as a national exam tryout. The exam analysis system can make it easier for teachers or principals to accept student exam results and analyze students' abilities more quickly. Students at SMK Negeri 1 Sorong Regency will become accustomed to examinations using a computerized system or using an android mobile phone.
STUDI POTENSI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SAMPAH (PLTSa) PADA TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) MAKBON KOTA SORONG
Authors: Allo Serli Liling , Widjasena Herry
Published: November 2019

TPA mengemisikan Landfill Gas (LFG) yang mengandung paling banyak metana dan karbondioksida. Metana memiliki efek pemanasan beberapa kali lebih kuat dalam menyebabkan pemanasan bumi dibandingkan dengan CO2. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan metana TPA sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik telah menjadi target negara-negara berkembang untuk mengurangi green house gas emissions (GHGs). Sebelum membangun Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Sampah (PLTSa) di sebuah TPA dibutuhkan serangkaian studi untuk menentukan apakah PLTSa layak dibangun di TPA tersebut, salah satunya adalah mengetahui jumlah LFG dari TPA untuk menghitung potensi energi listrik yang dapat dihasilkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jumlah LFG yang dihasilkan oleh TPA Makbon Kota Sorong dan selanjutnya menghitung  potensi PLTSa berdasarkan kandungan metana dalam LFG. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dari pengumpulan data kuantitatif berupa jumlah ton sampah yang masuk ke TPA setiap tahun, ukuran TPA, dan jumlah penduduk. Untuk estimasi LFG digunakan LandGEM-v302 yang diunduh dari website US EPA. Sedangkan untuk estimasi potensi energi listrik digunakan rumus. Dari hasil penelitian, TPA Makbon Kota Sorong model sanitary landfill menghasilkan emisi maksimal metana sebesar 7,321 x 105 m3 pada tahun 2035 jika  diasumsikan tahun 2020  mulai menerima sampah. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan dengan menggunakan rumus diperoleh potensi energi listrik maksimal yang dihasilkan 1,685 x 106 kWh.
Decision Support System Development Based On Android Using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method For Determining The Middle Small Business Development Priority In Sorong City
Authors: Suryani Luluk , Waliulu Raditya Faisal , Murniyasih Ery
Published: November 2019

Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) adalah salah satu penggerak perekonomian suatu daerah, termasuk Kota Sorong. UKM di Kota Sorong belum berkembang secara optimal. Ada beberapa penyebab diantaranya adalah mengenai finansial, lokasi, bahan baku dan lain-lain. Untuk menyelesaikan permasalah tersebut peneliti terdorong untuk melakukan pengembangan Aplikasi yang dapat membantu menentukan prioritas UKM yang sesuai dengan kondisi pelaku usaha. Pada penelitian ini akan digunakan metode Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP), untuk pengambilan keputusannya. Metode AHP dipilih karena mampu menyeleksi dan menentukan alternatif terbaik dari sejumlah alternatif yang tersedia. Dalam hal ini alternatif yang dimaksudkan yaitu UKM terbaik yang dapat dipilih oleh pelaku usaha sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mencari nilai bobot untuk setiap atribut, kemudian dilakukan proses perankingan yang akan menentukan alternatif yang optimal, yaitu UKM. Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan yang dikembangkan berbasis Android, dimana pengguna akan mudah menggunakannya sewaktu-waktu jika terjadi perubahan bobot pada kriteria atau intensitas.  Hasil akhir menunjukkan bahwa metode AHP berhasil diterapkan pada Aplikasi Penentuan Prioritas Pengembangan UKM.
RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTYPE SISTEM PENGENDALIAN KECEPATAN DAN PENGEREMAN MENGGUNAKAN SENSOR JARAK
Authors: Mappa Alimuddin , Sogen Markus Dwiyanto Tobi
Published: November 2019

Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat sistem pengendalian kecepatan dan pengereman motor DC secara elektris yang digunakan sebagai referensi sistem keamanan mobil listrik. Dengan mengatur besar kecil tegangan yang diterima motor DC.
         Sistem ini menggunakan Arduino UNO sebagai controller. Untuk mengukur jarak mobil dengan penghalang menggunakan sensor jarak Ping Parallax. Sinyal PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) dari mikrokontroler digunakan untuk mengatur kecepatan motor DC sebagai penggerak utama kenderaan. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan miniatur mobil dengan jaraki lintasan ssepanjang 2 (dua) meter.
         Laju miniatur mobil listrik akan berhenti sebelum terjadi tabrakan. pengereman menggunakan metode secara plugging yaitu dengan membalik polaritas sumber pada jarak dibawah 10 (sepuluh) cm, sehingga motor akan berputar balik untuk menghindari sisa putaran motor yang sudah tidak mendapatkan supply tegangan. Dari  metode ini didapat beberapa kondisi motor akan berhenti secara bertahap. Tampilan jarak antara kenderaan dengan  penghalangdan kecepatan putaran motor dapat dilihat pada LCD.
NEONATAL SEPSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS: STUDY IN KMMC AND HOSPITAL MATHURA
Authors: Singh Dr. Amarjeet , Garg Dr. Ashok Kumar
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: India has the highest incidence of clinical sepsis i.e.17,000/ 1,00,000 live births. In Neonatal sepsis septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis and urinary tract infections can be included. Mortality in the neonatal period each year account for 41% (3.6 million) of all deaths in children under 5 years and most of these deaths occur in low income countries and about one million of these deaths are due to infectious causes including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. In early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) Clinical features are non-specific and are inefficient for identifying neonates with early-onset sepsis. Culture results take up to 48 hours and may give false-positive or low-yield results because of the antenatal antibiotic exposure. Reviews of risk factors has been used globally to guide the development of management guidelines for neonatal sepsis, and it is similarly recommended that such evidence be used to inform guideline development for management of neonatal sepsis.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was carried out using institution based cross section study. The total number neonates admitted in the hospital in given study period was 644, of which 234 were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the treating pediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. The data was collected: Sociodemographic characteristics; maternal information; and neonatal information for neonatal sepsis like neonatal age on admission, sex, gestational age, birth weight, crying immediately at birth, and resuscitation at birth.

RESULTS: Out of 644 neonates admitted 234 (36.34%) were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the paediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. Of the 234 neonates, 189 (80.77%) infants were in the age range of 0 to 7 days ( Early onset sepsis) while 45 (19.23%) were aged between 8 and 28 days (Late onset sepsis). Male to female ratio in our study was 53.8% and 46% respectively. Out of total 126 male neonates 91(72.2%) were having early onset sepsis while 35 (27.8%) were late onset type. Out of total 108 female neonates 89(82.4%) were having early onset sepsis while 19 (17.6%) were late onset type. Maternal risk factors were identified in 103(57.2%) of early onset sepsis cases while in late onset sepsis cases were 11(20.4%). Foul smelling liquor in early onset sepsis and in late onset sepsis was 10(5.56%) and 2 (3.70%) respectively. In early onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 21(11.67%), 19 (10.56%), 20(11.11%) and 33 (18.33%) cases respectively. In late onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 2 (3.70%), 1(1.85%), 3 (5.56%) and 3 (5.56%) cases respectively.

CONCLUSION: Maternal risk identification may help in the early identification and empirical antibiotic treatment in neonatal sepsis and thus mortality and morbidity can be reduced.
COMPARISON OF LIQUID-BASED CYTOLOGY AND CONVENTIONAL CYTOLOGY FOR EVALUATION OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS
Authors: Gandhi Dr. Bipin
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: This high mortality rate from cervical cancer globally can be reduced by an approach that includes prevention, early diagnosis, effective screening and treatment programmes. There are currently vaccines that protect against common cancer-causing types of human papilloma virus and can significantly reduce the risk of cervical cancer. in low socioeconomic or developing countries where screening programmes are not available, diagnosing cervical cancer at an early stage and providing access to effective treatment can significantly improve the likelihood of survival. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) was introduced at around mid-1990s as an alternative technique to process the cervical samples. After that most of the developed countries has switched from conventional Pap smear to LBC. LBC has been proposed to be beneficial than Pap smear because of less number of unsatisfactory smears

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study comprises of 287 cervical samples from women visiting the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology over a period of 1 year.  Samples were taken and divided into two parts by split-sample technique.  Material was taken from the fornix, portio, and endocervix from all women. Slides for conventional cytology and LBC were stained according to the Pap method. LBC was considered representative if the slide contained >5000 epithelial cells. Endocervical cells were considered present if the slide contained ≥2 groups of glandular/metaplastic cells with ≥5 cells each or if the slide contained ≥10 dissociated glandular/metaplastic cells

RESULTS: 287 patients were included in the study. Epithelial cell abnormality was observed in 10 cases in conventional smear while in LBC it was 11. In conventional smear pap report of Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 21,193, 21, 46 and 10 cases respectively. In LBC pap report Unsatisfactory, normal, atrophic, altered flora and candida was in 15,214, 22, 44 and 13 cases respectively. Epithelial cell abnormality was seen in 10 (3.5%) cases by both the methods. Of these 10 cases low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was observed in 2 cases, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in one case, Squamous cell carcinoma in one case and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance in 6 cases.

CONCLUSION: There was a similar detection rate of epithelial abnormalities and infections in both the methods. US rate of CPS was 7.3% and 5.2% for LBC. Thus LBC can be a superior test as compared to conventional pap smear but has to reconsidered in the low-resource setting.
Serum Ceruloplasmin levels in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus – Assessing the cardiovascular risk
Authors: Indra S. Sakthi , Sivaranjani Dr. N. , Rajalakshmi Dr. K. , Birundha Dr. S. , Balasubramanian Dr. A.
Published: November 2019

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an endocrinological disease associated with hyperglycemia characterized by both insulin resistance and defective insulin secretion. Cardiovascular diseases are the peak reason for mortality in India, highest rate seen in Tamil Nadu state, from the age of 25 to 69 years. Many studies have revealed the importance of inflammatory pathway playing a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic complications. Ceruloplasmin, a copper containing mettalo-enzyme having antioxidant property (e.g ferroxidase activity) is an ideal marker to know the cardiovascular status, glycemic status, dyslipidemia and cancer risk. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Body Mass Index (BMI) and Ceruloplasmin levels on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus patients. Fasting Blood glucose, lipid profile which includes serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, HDL and serum ceruloplasmin were investigated using fully automated chemistry analyzer. Diabetic patients were segregated into three groups based on their BMI, which was correlated with inflammatory marker ceruloplasmin to assess the cardiovascular risk. The mean value and standard deviation of ceruloplasminin controls (n=60) and diabetic cases divided into normal weight, over weight and obese (n=20 each) were 38.3±8.45, 36±7.99, 33.2±3.57and34.2±6.24 mg/dl respectively.  Ceruloplasmin among the cases and controls were not statistically significant. Serum ceruloplasmin levels and BMI showed no correlation among the group 1 diabetic cases and was not significant (p=0.29), among the group 2diabetic cases it showed weak correlation and was not significant (p=0.85), and it also showed no correlation among the group 3 diabetic cases and was not significant (p=0.65).This study revealed no significant association between serum ceruloplasmin level and BMI in all diabetic group subjects separately.
A STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF PTERYGIUM IN A TERTIARY PRIVATE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Rajani Dr.
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Exact etiology and pathogenesis of pterygium remains unclear, but it is more common in people with excessive outdoor exposure to sunlight and wind, such as those who work outdoors.

Materials & Methods: To analyze the epidemiology and prevalence of pterygium in a hospital-based study in Department of Ophthalmology, Fathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Kadapa. The study period was from May 2017 to April 2018. 50 study subjects with pterygium were studied.

Results: A cross-section hospital-based, observational study was conducted. Among the study subjects the maximum prevalence were from ≥60 year age group (36%), followed by 40-60 year age group (34%).

Keywords: Prevalence, Pterygium, Kadapa
STUDY OF RENAL FUNCTION TEST IN CHILDREN WITH MALARIA
Authors: Maanju Dr. Abender Singh , Verma Dr. K C
Published: November 2019

Background: Malaria is a disease of global importance having effect on more than ninety countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical region of earth. Objectives: This study was undertaken to assess the renal functions in children with malaria.

Methods: Sixty children with smear positive malaria were included in this study. Detailed history regarding main renal manifestations was obtained. Renal function was assessed by gfr, blood urea and serum creatinine. It is compared with 25 age and sex matched healthy controls.

Results: proteinuria was documented in 42% of cases and it was common with falciparum infection. blood urea and serum creatinine were significantly high in malaria cases compare to controls.

Conclusion: The evaluation of renal functions in malaria infected children should form an important part of assessment because of variety of acute onset renal dysfunction. In addition it may facilitate safer use of fluids and drugs study also showed that renal dysfunction found in human malaria.

 

Keywords: Acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, glomerularfilteration rate.
“LOCAL COMPLICATIONS OF PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CHEMOTHERAPY – ANALYSIS IN CARCINOMA BREAST PATIENTS”
Authors: Parmeshwar Dr. Tushar M. , Gupta Dr. Dilip , Darokar Dr. Rutuja
Published: November 2019

Aims: To identify and record the local reactions at the site of IV cannula in women with carcinoma breast during peripheral intravenous chemotherapy treatment. To find out the incidence of these reactions and correlations with various factors.

Method- Prospective Observational Studywas done with evaluation of 559 individual peripheral intravenous chemotherapy cycles given in carcinoma breast patients from June 2013 to September 2015.

Results: 1 in every 5 carcinoma breast patients receiving peripheral intravenous chemotherapy developed local complications. (20.92% in adjuvant cases and 18.55% in neoadjuvant cases). Pain followed by induration and altered skin color were the most common complications. Extravasation was present in 6.44% cases.other complications commonly noted were tingling sensation in IV applied limb, edema, thrombophlebitis, cellulitis and ulcer. IV cannula application on ipsilateral site (in limb on side of breast cancer) is associated with RR=2.08. IV cannulation over the wrist have 1.57 times (RR=1.57) and multiple puncture attempts to secure IV cannula is associated with 1.97 times (RR=1.97) more risk of developing local complications following peripheral intravenous chemotherapy. Elderly age >50yrs, small of large calibre IV cannula (no 18 G and No 24 G) have more local complications.

Conclusions: Occurrence of local complications after peripheral intravenous chemotherapy in carcinoma breast patient is common. Vigorous monitoring of patient with repeated and frequent examination of site of chemotherapy cannulisation must be done during the complete chemotherapy infusion process and detailed records must be kept at every stage. A generalised chemotherapy infusion guidelines and protocol should be established according to the hospital occurrence. Active Patients participation in monitoring is advised. More multicentre studies are required to create a data base of venous damage occurring following intravenous peripheral chemotherapy and to formulate standard guidelines and protocols to reduce the rate of complications. Precaution, and care during peripheral intravenous chemotherapy can prevent development of local complications and remove the need for surgical intervention for management of the complications, thus, reduce the hospital stay, additional diagnostic procedures and treatment, stress in the life of the patients' relatives, extra work load on the health personnel and economic loss accordingly.
A STUDY OF DORSAL SACRAL AGENESIS IN THE REGION OF EASTERN UTTAR PRADESH
Authors: Mohammad Dr. Fateh , Khan Dr. Kamil , Alam Dr. Md Tabrej
Published: November 2019

Background: Sacrum is a triangular shaped irregular bone formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae. Sacrum is also called ‘Hieron osteon’ meaning the holy or sacred bone.

Methods: The present study has been carried out on 98 completely ossified undamaged dry human sacra of undetermined age and sex in the department of Anatomy in the population of Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Each sacrum is examined for the agenesis of the dorsal surface. Representative photographs of different sacrum having partial or complete agenesis on the dorsal surface are taken using a digital camera

Result: Elongated sacral hiatus i.e. length more than 40 mm was seen in 5 (5.1%) bones. Maximum sacral hiatal length of 52.6 mm was noted. Elongated sacral hiatus were of two types i.e. inverted U and inverted V shaped. 4 (4.08%) bones showed partial dorsal agenesis of sacrum. Complete dorsal agenesis was seen in 1 sacrum. One bones with absent sacral hiatus was seen.

Conclusion:  Various anomalies on dorsal surface of sacrum were seen in Indian population. Knowledge of these variations will be of help to the Anaesthetists. We conclude that, variant anatomy on dorsal surface of sacrum make administration of caudal epidural anaesthesia difficult. So ultrasound or fluroscopic guidance leads to better patient outcome while giving caudal blocks.

Keywords:  Dorsal sacral agenesis, sacral hiatus, caudal epidural block
TO STUDY THE INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN BABIES WITH EXAGGERATED PHYSIOLOGICAL JAUNDICE
Authors: Jain Kalpesh Kumar , Agarwal Manoj
Published: November 2019

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is well known cause of prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and appears to be associated with the delayed maturation of hepatic uridine diphosphate glucoronyl transferase enzyme activity.

Methods: This is a prospective, longitudinal and randomized study 100 babies are taken consisting of all newborn, age less than 28 days, admitted to hospital with exaggerated physiological jaundice.

Results: One case of congenital hypothyroidism in exaggerated jaundice based on raised TSH levels. Rest of the cases (99%) having normal TSH levels. One case (1%) having TSH level of 48µu/ml on D7 of life indicating congenital hypothyroidism. TSB of this baby is 21.3 mg%.  One baby is having TSH level of 30.4µu/ml on D3 of life which subsequently decreased to normal physiological limits on D7 of life.

Conclusion: Though the present study is unable to make significant correlation between cause and effect relationship of neonatal exaggerated jaundice and congenital hypothyroidism, but as one case has diagnosed to be suffering from congenital hypothyroidism, TSH should be considered as a screening test for all babies suffering from exaggerated physiological jaundice besides the other predisposing factors responsible for causation of hypothyroidism.

Keywords: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, Preterm, Congenital hypothyroidism
TO STUDY THE PRESENCE OF NEUROLOGICAL SOFT SIGNS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND BIPOLAR DISORDER AND COMPARE THE VARIOUS SUBSCALES.
Authors: Singh Dr. Ashutosh , Kumar Dr. Sudhir , Sisodia Dr. Anil Kumar
Published: November 2019

Background: The study was conducted at the Mental Health & Hospital, Agra. It is a tertiary referral center and a postgraduate teaching hospital. The hospital has a wide catchments area which includes diagnosis of schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder.

Result: It included AV integration, Stereognosis, Graphesthesia, Extinction and Right left confusion. On sensory integration subscale of NES schizophrenia group had the highest mean score (4.93±2.74) then were the bipolar group (1.50±1.98) and least score was of control group (0.20±0.66) i.e. on sensory integration subscale of NES bipolar group scores were intermediate between schizophrenia and control group. Results of one way ANOVA revealed significant group differences F (2, 87) =45.35, p< .01. Games-Howell post hoc comparisons revealed significant differences in Schizophrenia vs Bipolar group (p< .01), Schizophrenia Vs Control group (p< .01) as well as in Bipolar Vs Control group        (p< .01) i.e. on sensory integration subscale of NES schizophrenia patients scored significantly higher than bipolar and control group. Also bipolar group scored significantly higher than control group.

Conclusion: On “Sensory Integration” subscale of NES, schizophrenia patients scored significantly higher than both the bipolar patients and controls. Bipolar patients scored significantly higher than controls. On “Motor Coordination” subscale of NES, schizophrenia patients scored significantly higher than both the bipolar patients and controls. But bipolar patients did not differed significantly from controls.

Keywords: Neurology, Schizophrenia, Bipolar Disorder & Sign
PROFILE OF PATIENTS OF GLAUCOMA IN JAMMU PROVINCE (A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY)
Authors: Manhas Angli , Manhas Rameshwar S , Manhas Gaurav S , Gupta Dinesh
Published: November 2019

Background: Glaucoma comprises group of disorder which cause damage to the ganglion cells and optic nerve fibers resulting in permanent loss of vision. Glaucoma is a silent killer of vision, the only treatable factor is IOP which can be lowered by medical means, laser treatment or surgery.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to see profile of patients of glaucoma in jammu province.

Material and method: The present prospective study involved 200 patients was conducted in the out-patient department of ophthalmology at tertiary care hospital of North India. After meeting inclusion & exclusion crieteria the patients underwent detailed clinical history, general examination, complete ophthalmological examination including dilated fundus examination, intra ocular pressure measurement, gonioscopy etc was done to diagnose different types of glaucoma.

Results: Maximum number of patients i.e.128 were seen in age group of ≥50yrs followed by 60 in 41-50 yrs. Males i.e. 127 outnumbered females in present study. Total of 139 were from rural area. Maximum patients complain of diminution of vision ie 180 followed by pain in 135. Vision of 6/24-6/18 i.e. 59 (R/E) & 57 (L/E) followed by PL to <6/60 in 48(R/E) & 47(L/E) patients whereas PL absent was seen in 12 patients. Gonioscopically angle was open in 172(R/E) & 174(L/E) patients. Total of 102 patients had POAG.

Conclusion: From present study we may conclude that glaucoma problem was more common in elderly age group and in males. It can lead to loss of vision among patient who suffer extreme optic nerve damage without realizing it. Therefore, for everybody above the age of 40years, it is mandatory to have IOP checked once a year especially if there is any risk factor for glaucoma like diabetes mellitus, myopia, family history of glaucoma, prolonged use of topical steroids etc.

Keywords: Glaucoma, Gonioscopy, Intraocular Pressure(IOP), Visual acuity.
ASSESSMENT OF LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ALGORITHM AMONG NURSING STAFF IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Singh Dr. Raghvendra , Seervi Dr. Satya Narayan
Published: November 2019

Background: Cardiac arrests and accidents are the most common emergencies with grave consequences. These emergencies can be managed efficiently by proper knowledge and practice of resuscitation skills

Methods: A cross-sectional Analytic study was conducted among the nursing staff. Data was collected using structured questionnaire which collected information regarding the basic demographic factors, knowledge regarding the BLS resuscitation.

Results: 67.00% nursing staff had medium knowledge followed by 20.00% nursing staff had good knowledge and 13.00% nursing staff had poor knowledge.

Conclusion: Awareness of Basic Life Support (BLS) among nurses staff is poor and needs to be improved.

Keywords: BLS, Knowledge, Nursing staff, Knowledge
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF SILICOSIS WITH BILATERAL SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX IN RAJASTHAN
Authors: Joshi Dr Nalin , Dixit Dr Ramakant
Published: November 2019

Background: Silicosis is reported to be an occupational lung disease, which is caused by the inhalation of silica dust. Workers in occupations related to silica dust exposure are characterized by increased foci of fibrogenesis which result in radiological and pathological findings in the lungs. In most circumstances silicosis only develops subsequent to substantial occupational exposures.

Material & Methods: The present prospective study was conducted at department of respiratory medicine of our tertiary care hospital. The study was an observational study conducted during a period of one year. The study done at 95% confidence interval at 10% of maximum allowable error. All patients who were diagnosed with silicosis were enrolled into the study.

Results: In the present study, all patient had cough at presentation out which 7 (70%) patients had dry cough and 3 patients with productive coughs, four patients experienced loss of appetite. Eight (80%) patients had a history of smoking. Chest X-rays of all patients revealed bilateral, widespread, reticulonodular, and nodular appearances. Six patients had work on crusher machine and four patients as manual stone cutter.  Pneumothorax was located bilaterally in all cases.

Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that inhalation of quartz dust or silica dusts was commonly associated with adverse health effects and it can cause serious morbidity like secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and mortalities.

Keywords: Silicosis, occupational lung disease, secondary spontaneous pneumothorax.
ASSESSMENT OF BURDEN OF ASPHYXIATED BABIES ACCORDING TOMETHOD OF RESUSCITATION AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Bijarnia Dr. Satya Narayan , Dev Dr. Deveshwar , Gupta Dr. R K
Published: November 2019

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is characterized among the fetus or new born due to deficiency of perfusion to the various organs of the fetus or new born. Birth asphyxia is the single most important perinatal cause of brain damage in term infants. When asphyxia is followed by an abnormal neonatal behavior a syndrome has been described known as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Material & Methods: The new born with congenital malformation of CNS were excluded from the study. Each selected newborn was subjected to Apgar scoring at birth and assessment of gestational age. The Apgar scoring was done at one and five minutes after births and infants were categorized into mild, moderate and severe birth asphyxia according to Apgar score at 1 minute of age after birth

Results: In the present study, on the basis of clinical symptoms we found that asphyxiated group males comprised 62% cases and females 38% cases male female ratio was 1.63:1.0 it is statistically in significant. as compared to control group where male female ratio was 2.59:1. In Mild and moderate asphyxia male preponderance was seen while in severe asphyxia the difference was not marked There was no statistically significant sex difference in birth asphyxia.

Conclusion: We concluded from the present study that in resuscitation of mild and moderately asphyxiated babies Bag and Mask was used more frequently (40% and 82.5% respectively) and endotracheal tube with Ambubag was used more (75%) frequently for severely asphyxiated babes.

Key words: asphyxia, resuscitation, Ambubag.
ALTERED PASSIVE TOOTH ERUPTION: A CASE SERIES
Authors: Javiya Dr. Samit , Phadnaik Dr. Mangesh , Tripathi Dr. Ripunjay , Bhailume Dr. Pallavi , Agarwal Dr. Sharad , Solanki Dr. Ankit
Published: November 2019

Gummy smile constitutes a relatively frequent aesthetic alteration characterized by excessive exhibition of the gums during smiling movements of the upper lip. APE is a factor that frequently contributes to the presence of a gummy or gingival smile, and it can easily be corrected by periodontal surgery. In the present article four cases of the same situation and appropriate treatment were given for each case are presented.

Keywords: Gummy smile, altered passive tooth eruption, dentogingival unit, crown lengthening procedure
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF CARETAKERS OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Authors: Manhas Rameshwar S , Manhas Angli , Akhter Rukhsana , Thappa Jagdish R , Manhas Gaurav S
Published: November 2019

Background: Depression is a condition characterized by state of aversion to activity and low mood. It can affect a person’s sense of well being, feelings, motivation, thoughts and behavior

Aims: To find sociodemographic profile of the caretakers of patients suffering from depressive disorder.

Materials & Methods: The present observational, cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 caretakers of patients suffering depression. Sociodemographic characteristics like age, address, sex, religion, occupation, type of family, education, relation with patient etc were studied.

Results: Majority of the caretakers i.e. 46.7% were above 46 years, 60.8% were females whereas 39.2% were males. 52.5% caretakers were from rural background, 60% were Hindus, 76.7% were married, 62.5% were from joint families, 56.7% were illiterate and 60% were unemployed. Maximum percentage of caretakers i.e. 45.9% were parents while majority i.e. 59.2% belongs to lower socioeconomic class.

Conclusion: From present study we conclude that majority of the caretakers of the patients suffering from depression were females, above 46 years of age with rural background, living in joint families, illiterate, unemployed and belongs to low socioeconomic class. So it is suggested that service providers, researchers, policy makers and planers should address the issues of these caretakers carefully so that the prognosis of depressive disorder can be improved.

Keywords: Caretakers, Depression, Stigma.
TO STUDY THE VARIOUS ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS OF SPONTANEOUS PNEUMOTHORAX AT TERTIARY CARE CENTER JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN, INDIA
Authors: Mandawariya Dr. Mukesh Kumar , Joshi Dr. Nalin , Agnihotri Dr. S.P. , Mandawariya Rekha
Published: November 2019

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothoraces (PSP) affect patients who do not have clinically apparent lung disorders.  Secondary pneumothoraces occur in the setting of underlying pulmonary disease.

 Methods: A total of 100 patients, including both males and females, admitted during the given period to the hospital with a diagnosis of spontaneous Pneumothorax (SP) were included in the study after applying to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: COPD was the most common cause (45.6%) followed by Tuberculosis (30%). Silicosis was seen in 18.9% of SSP cases. Other less common causes were Bronchiectasis (3.3%), Pneumonia (1.1%) and Malignancy (1.1%).

Conclusion:  Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax is far more common than primary spontaneous pneumothoraces and COPD is the predominant underlying cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax followed by pulmonary tuberculosis. We also found that silicosis is a significant contributor to secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, after COPD and pulmonary tuberculosis.

Keywords: COPD, TB, Etiology
ROLE OF ULTRA SOUND GUIDED FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY (FNAC) IN OVARIAN MASS LESIONS
Authors: Rani Dr. G.Sobha , Bodhireddy Dr. Sridhar Reddy
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Ovarian mass lesions are evaluated by ultrasound guided FNAC. It is useful to distinguish between neoplastic and non neoplastic ovarian masses.

Aim: The aim of the study is to study the cyto-morphlogical features of ovarian masses.

Materials and Methods: The present study is done over a period of two years i.e., from March 2017 to February 2019. A total number of 76 cases were studied in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kadapa. All the cases were categorised based on cyto-morphological features obtained ultra sound guided FNAC.

Requirement of materials: 10 ml disposable syringe with 22-25 G needle, suitable fixative is Isopropyl alcohol, Alcohol fixed slides were taken for Heamatoxyllin and Eosin (H&E) stain.

Results: In the present study we registered 76 cases.  Among these 72 cases (94.73%) were primary tumors of ovary, two cases (2.63%) were secondaries and two cases (2.63%) were non neoplastic i.e., endometriosis of ovary.

Key Words: Ultrasound guided FNAC, Non neoplastic, Neoplastic ovarian lesions, Kadapa
CATARACT & OTHER CO MORBIDITIES – STUDY FROM NORTH INDIA.
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Manhas Angli , Manhas Rameshwar S , Gupta Dinesh , Gupta Aditi , Manhas Gaurav S
Published: November 2019

Background: Rural areas are away from medical facilities & these areas catters more than 3/4th of Indian populations. Thus, eye care services need to be planned & executed in these areas.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of other ocular and systemic co-morbidities among the camp selected cataract patients in rural areas.

Methodology: The present observational study was conducted at postgraduate department of Ophthalmology of GMC Jammu & involved patients from various eye camps selected for ECCE (SICS with PC-IOL implantation surgery). Total of 84 patients were participated in the study. Detailed history was taken from the patient & relevant ocular & systemic examination was done.Routine investigations were also done.

Results: The most frequently occuring systemic co-morbidities was hypertension i.e.36.9% followed by back pain in 32.1% in the present study. The ocular co-morbities other than cataract were diabetic retinopathy in 4.8%, glaucoma in 3.6% etc. Among other ocular co morbidity, optic atrophy, amblyopia, chorioretinal atrophy, macular scar etc were noted.

Conclusion: From present study it has been concluded that large number of patients who came to seek ocular treatment in eye camps has systemic co morbidities also. Thus, other specialities should also be part of team of eye camp so that along with eye other comorbidities should also be treated.

Key words: Cataract, Ocular co-morbidities, Systemic co-morbidities.