bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS HUBUNGAN SUMBER POLUTAN DALAM RUMAH DAN SANITASI FISIK RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN ISPA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WONGGEDUKU KABUPATEN KONAWE TAHUN 2019
Authors: Yuniar Nani , Fithria Fithria , Hengki Rasni
Published: July 2020

AbstrakIndonesia kasus Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) selalu menempati urutan pertama penyebab kematian bayi,dan menempati urutan kedua penyebab kematian pada anak-anak dan remaja.ISPA merupakan penyebab utamamorbiditas dan motalitas penyakit menular di dunia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan sumberpolutan dalam rumah dan sanitasi fisik rumah dengan kejadian Infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA) di wilayahkerja Puskesmas Wonggeduku Kabupaten Konawe tahun 2019.penelitian ini iyalah survei analitik dengan desaincross sectionalstudy. Sampel dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 95 responden yang diperoleh dengan teknikpengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Hasil uji statistik pada tingkat signifikasi α = 0,05 diperoleh hasil,tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara ventilasi (ρValue= 0.419) dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA. Ada hubunganyang bermakna antara kepadatan hunian (ρValue =0.006) dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA. Tidak ada hubungan yangbermakna antara pencahayaan alami rumah pada pagi hari (ρValue= 0,248), pada siang hari (ρValue= 0,704),pencahayaan pada sore hari (ρValue=0,676) dengan kejadian penyakit ISPA. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antarakeberadaan anggota keluarga perokok (ρValue= 0.008) dan penggunaan anti nyamuk bakar (ρValue= 0.004) dengankejadian penyakit ISPA. Kata kunci:Sumber polutan, sanitasi fisik rumah, infeksi saluran pernapasan akut (ISPA)
PENGARUH SENAM AEROBIK LOW IMPACT TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PADA DISMINORE PRIMER REMAJA PUTRI DI SURAKARTA
Authors: Irdianty Mellia Silvy , Sani Fakhrudin Nasrul , Kusumawati Heni Nur
Published: July 2020

AbstrakLatar belakang: Ketidasiapan secara fisik dan psikologis terkadang menyebabkan remaja mengalami gangguan pada menstruasinya, diantaranya adalah nyeri haid atau sering disebut dismenorea. Nyeri yang dialamiseringkali menganggu kegiatan sehari – hari bahkan remaja seringkali harus melewatkan pembelajaran disekolah dikarenakan nyeri tersebut. Salah satu upaya non farmakologis yang dapat dilakukan untuk bisamengurangi nyeri, salah satunya menggunakan senam aerobic low impact yang dilakukan 1 minggu sebelummenstruasi berlangsung. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh senam aerobik low impact terhadap penurunan nyerihaid pada remaja putri yang mengalami disminore primer. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan preposttest without control yang dilakukan dengan melakukan suatu intervensi pada satu kelompok tanpapembanding. Penelitian dilaksanakan di wilayah Surakarta dengan 30 responden remaja usia 12- 15 tahun.Analisis yang digunakan adalah wilcoxon test dengan tingkat kemaknaan 95%. Hasil dari penelitian didapatkanada pengaruh senam aerobic low impact terhadap penurunan skala nyeri haid pada remaja putri di Surakarta.Kesimpulan: Senam aerobic low impact terbukti memiliki pengaruh efektif dalam menurunkan derajat nyeripada dismenore. Mayoritas responden yang sebelumnya mengalami nyeri sedang, menurun menjadi skla nyeriringan. Kata Kunci : Dismenore, Senam Aerobic Low Impact, Stretching, remaja putri.
DISCALCULIA: UMA DIFICULDADE NA APRENDIZAGEM MATEMÁTICA EM BUSCA DE PRÁTICAS DE PESQUISAÇÃO EM SALA DE AULA
Authors: Karanauskas Sueli , R. S. Nascimento Dulcilene
Published: July 2020

Constatam-se, atualmente, inúmeras dificuldades dos alunos, relacionadas à capacidade de resolver problemas matemáticos e  ertas habilidades em cálculos. Assim, a presente pesquisa irá mostrar que o termo discalculia é usado frequentemente ao referir-se,  specificamente, a inabilidade de executar operações matemáticas ou aritméticas. É, pois, um distúrbio neuropsicológico  aracterizado pela dificuldade no processo de aprendizagem do cálculo, e que se observa, geralmente, em indivíduos de inteligência  ormal que apresentam inabilidades para a realizações das operações matemáticas e falhas no raciocínio lógico-matemático. Para a realização da pesquisa optou-se por uma abordagem teórica, bibliográfica, com enfoque qualitativo dos dados e informações  elevantes quanto ao processo de ensino.
O COOPERATIVISMO E AS AÇÕES DAS COOPERATIVAS DE CRÉDITO FRENTE ÀS CRISES ECONÔMICAS
Authors: César Dias Lopes Gabriel
Published: July 2020

Diante da crescente importância das cooperativas de crédito nas economias locais e regionais no país, busca-se com esse estudo um  esgate histórico das mesmas, avaliando sua contribuição para as economias regionais e especificamente no caso onde as crises  a lavoura, tem oscilações constantes que definem as ações das cooperativas. Sendo assim, esse trabalho visa através de um estudo  ibliográfico historicizar as origens das cooperativas, pesquisar a atuação da cooperativa de crédito SICOOB e de que forma a mesma  efletiu-se no caráter organizacional e funcional da instituição.
Đánh giá kết quả chăm sóc bệnh nhân hậu phẫu điều trị thoát vị bẹn bằng phương pháp tapp tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế cơ sở 2
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Mai Hương
Published: July 2020

Mục đích: Đánh giá kết quả chăm sóc bệnh nhân sau phẫu thuật điều trị thoát vị bẹn bằng phương pháp TAPP.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Tiến hành nghiên cứu 27 bệnh nhân mắc thoát vị bẹn được điều trị bằng phương pháp nội soi xuyên thành bụng đặt tấm lưới ngoài phúc mạc (TAPP), nghiên cứu tiến cứu có can thiệp lâm sàng không đối chứng.
Kết quả: 92,6% bệnh nhân không xảy ra biến chứng toàn thân sau phẫu thuật, 100% trường hợp không nhiễm trùng vết mổ, tỷ lệ bệnh nhân hài lòng chiếm 88,9%, rất hài lòng chiếm 11,2%.
Kết luận: Phẫu thuật điều trị thoát vị bẹn bằng phương pháp TAPP là phương pháp điều trị ít xâm lấn, ít đau sau mổ, sẹo mổ rất nhỏ, thời gian hậu phẫu ngắn, nhẹ nhàng, người bệnh nhanh chóng trở lại với công việc và cuộc sống bình thường. Bên cạnh đó, quá trình chăm sóc, giáo dục sức khỏe sau phẫu thuật cũng đóng vai trò rất quan trọng để đạt được kết quả mong muốn.
Từ khóa: Phương pháp TAPP, chăm sóc hậu phẫu thoát vị bẹn
Role of Solvability Ratio of Financial Performance at Pt. Orientama Lintas Buana
Authors: Yulianti Riska , Rimawan Erry , Hermawan Cecep , Wonggiawan Febry
Published: July 2020

Financial performance of PT. Orientama Lintas Buana in the period 2014 to 2016 based on solvency ratio analysis experiencing instability financial performance and decline in operating profit. The formulation of the problem in this study is whether the instability of financial performance and the decrease in operating profit seen from the period 2014 to 2016 has an important role to the financial performance of the company. The result of the research shows that PT. Orientama Lintas Buana in general has a good financial performance when examined from asset quality where the debt ratio to corporate assets in 2015 decreased compared to 2014 and 2016 and debt ratio to corporate capital in 2015 decreased compared to 2014 and 2016. Performance corporate finance is less good when viewed from the ratio of operating profit to liabilities where from 2014 to 2016 this ratio has decreased, this condition shows the company has not been able to perform efficiency over the operational expenses are too large.
Drivers of Audit Failures: A Comparative Discourse
Authors: Osim Etim, E. , Goddymkpa Comfort Precious , Umoffong Nsima Johnson
Published: July 2020

The aim of this study is to identify the most potent factors driving audit failures by theoreticallyexploring two most publicized corporate and external audit failures cases in Nigeria and globally (EnronAndersen and Cadbury Akintola Williams Deloitte). An exploratory case study approach was adopted to analyze the selected two cases and several other external audit failures in extent literature. Findings reveal that audit failure factors are the same in the cases analyzed and compared and include poor audit approach, negligence and incompetency from the auditors, lack of professional questioning attitude, connivance with clients, fee dependence on major clients, long tenured appointment, external auditors acting as internal auditors to client and rendition of Management Advisory Services (MAS), blatant disregard to accounting standards on auditing, among others. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made: more stringent sanctions be molted to defaulters, regular review and update of accounting and auditing standards to take care contemporary developments, prohibition of external auditors from rendering multiple MAS, adherence to ethical principles, strengthening of corporate governance structure as well as improved oversight functions by regulatory authorities on the activities of corporate management and auditors.
Student Assessment of Lecturers: A Strategy for Combating Corrupt Practices among University Teachers in Nigeria
Authors: MKPA Professor MKPA AGU
Published: July 2020

It is common knowledge that corrupt practices among lecturers in most tertiary institutions in Nigeria exist in varied and diverse forms and magnitudes. This is very disturbing to stakeholders in the education industry. This case study sought to determine if the innovative strategy of undergraduate students openly assessing and reporting on their lecturers’ professional and moral behavior would result in improved disciplined behavior and reduced corrupt practices on the part of the lecturers. The study took place at Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria and the subjects were all the 382 academic staff of the university. The data collection instrument was a structured and validated ten-item questionnaire that elicited information on a lecturer’s teaching, leadership and moral behavior. Guidelines for the completion of the questionnaire were clearly established such that students assessed only lecturers in their department who taught and interacted with them regularly and so they are able to assess them objectively. The Center for Quality Assurance established specifically for this purpose undertook the university-wide data collection under my leadership as Vice-Chancellor Data were collected across two academic sessions. Results showed that the moment the university senate made up of senior academic staff, heads of department, deans of faculties and directors of academic units was informed of this innovation, all the university lecturers sat up and began to reduce if not stop those unwholesome behavior in order not to be rated poorly by students. Obtained data were used to classified lecturers under six categories of overall performance namely: “Distinction Ratings”, “Very High Rating”, “High Rating”, “Average Rating”, “Below Average Rating” and “Woeful Rating”.
Performance of Government Expenditure in the Education and Health Sector in Banyuwangi District
Authors: Robbaniyah Inayatur , Diartho Herman Cahyo , Lestari Endah Kurnia
Published: July 2020

The objectives of study were to analyze the performance of government spending in the education and health sector in Banyuwangi Regency; to analyze the exciting conditions of government spending in the education and health sector in Banyuwangi Regency and to analyze the strategy of the performance budget of the government spending on education and health sector in Banyuwangi Regency. This type of research uses descriptive research. Secondary data used in this study came from relevant agencies, including the Provincial and Regency / City Statistics Agency, the Office of Education, Bapeda and other relevant agencies. Data analysis method uses logframe matrix and SWOT analysis. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded the following things: 1) the performance of government spending in the education sector and the health sector in Banyuwangi has experienced based on the achievement of education and health indicators that have exceeded the target set; 2) Exciting Conditions of Government Expenditure in the Education and Health Sector in Banyuwangi Regency are explained by changes in the design of the Banyuwangi Regency government logframe with the design of government spending based on work programs in the education and health sector; 3) government strategies include efforts to mobilize local revenue sources that arise as a result of increased economic activity as well as from various investment programs that have been implemented to improve the education and health sectors
The Effect of Leverage, Receivables Turn Over, Firm Size on Financial Performance at Automotive Companies Listed at the Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Goh Thomas Sumarsan , Rumapea Melanthon , Toni Nagian
Published: July 2020

The global financial crisis that starting from end of 2019 until today and the trade war between China and United Stated has brought the effect to the slow down of Indonesian economic. The research aims at studying the effect of leverage, receivables turn over, firm size on financial performance at the automotive companies that have been listing at the Indonesian stock exchange, partially and simultaneously
Comparative study of antimicrobial prescribing pattern between Nepal and Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad Umer , Dhami Ram Bahadur , Dahal Krishna Prasad , Pokharel Devi Ram , Singh Anil Kumar , Khan Imdad Hushain , Chaulagai Nibandha Prasad , Magar Bimal Gharti , Acharya Balika , Rehman Inaam Ur , Saleem Zikria
Published: July 2020

Objective

The purpose of this cross-sectional study conducted in different private and public sector hospitals of the major cities of Nepal and Pakistan was to compare and evaluate the antibiotic prescribing patterns.

Methodology

 The data was collected based on prescriptions received from different hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan and Kathmandu, Nepal without much interaction with the patients.

Results

Out of a total of 272 patients, 111 (40.8%) patients from Nepal and 161 (59.19%) patients from Pakistan were prescribed with 447 antibiotics. In both countries, out of total antibiotics prescribed, 42.30% were 3rd generation cephalosporins. Also, in Pakistan and Nepal, out of all the indications, 49.2% of the antibiotics were given in medical prophylaxis.

Conclusion

 In Pakistan, the antimicrobial prescription rate is comparatively higher than Nepal, and in both countries, there is a need of proper implementation of antibiotic prescribing guidelines for the prescription of antibiotics and the administration of antibiotics in medical prophylaxis.
Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus in Adult Hospitalized Patients in “Mother Theresa” Hospital Center in Albania
Authors: Kika Blerta , Abazaj Erjona , Petri Oltiana , Koraqi Andi
Published: July 2020

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in clinical specimens hospitalized to “Mother Theresa” Hospital Center for 2 years.
METHODS: We isolated and identified S. aureus on 356 clinical specimens using standard tests. Furthermore, for further accurate microbial identification, we have to use the VITEK® 2 system. The samples were tested to detect the presence of MRSA by a slide latex agglutination kit for the rapid detection of PBP2.
RESULTS: The overall prevalence of S. aureus in patients was 34.2%. The prevalence of MRSA was 20.5% of cases. Of the MRSA isolates identified in this study, 28% were susceptible to antibiotics, 24% demonstrated intermediate resistance, and 48% were multi-drug resistant with resistance to nineteen antibiotics involved in the examination. In addition, seven of the 25 MRSA cases showed 100% resistance to norfloxacin, imipenem, meropenem, levofloxacin, etc.
CONCLUSIONS: The rate of S. aureus in hospitalized patients on this study was 34.2% and the MRSA 20.5%. These results indicated that this type of infection is a significant concern for health services and patients included. A screening of all hospitalized cases can lead to reduce the incidence of this infection in the hospital environment.
Generation of Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells using Small-Molecule Compound VC6TFZ
Authors: Aprihati Aprihati , Pikir B. S. , Andrianto Andrianto
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from somatic cells through reprogramming process. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were an attractive source cells due to the ease of accessibility, need minimal invasive procedure, and can be stored frozen. Small-molecule compound VC6TFZ has been successfully reprogrammed iPSCs from mouse fibroblast, but it has not been proven in human.
AIM: This study aims to determine whether the small-molecule compound VC6TFZ can induce pluripotency of PBMNC to generate iPSCs.
METHODS: Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral venous blood using centrifugation gradient density method. Mononuclear cells were cultured for 6 days in expansion medium and 48 h using hanging drop method. Pluripotency induction process using small-molecule compound VC6TFZ was done in 14 days then the medium changed to 2i medium for 7 days. Identification of iPSCs based on colony morphology and expression of pluripotency marker OCT4 and SOX2.
RESULTS: Colonies appeared on day 9 of reprogramming process. These colonies had round, large, and cobble stone morphology like embryonic stem cell. These colonies had positive expression of pluripotency markers OCT4 and SOX2. All experimental groups had significantly higher expression of OCT4 and SOX2 than control group.
CONCLUSION: Small-molecule compound VC6TFZ could induce pluripotency of human PBMNC to generate iPSCs.
Correlation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Level with Control Glycemic in Type 2 Mellitus Patients with Malignancy and Without Malignancy
Authors: Rusdiana Rusdiana , Savira Maya , Siregar Kamal Basri , Widjaja Sry Suryani , Ardinata Dedi
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Malignancy is one of the most common causes of death in the world. T2DM is one of the risk factors for malignancy. This is caused by an increase in blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) which will cause tissue hypoxia which can lead to malignancy. The cell adaptation response to hypoxia is relaxed by a marker called hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), where a condition converts hyperglycemia to a loss of cellular response to hypoxia in most complications of diabetes.
AIM: The aim of this study was to determine level HIF-1α at T2DM with malignancy, where this study used the samples of the T2DM patients with malignancy and T2DM without malignancy.
METHODS: The cross-sectional study design used the 89 samples of DM patients with and without malignancy who attended Murni Teguh Hospital in Medan of Indonesia country. The inclusion criteria of the samples were all the patients diagnosed with T2DM with or without malignancy, both the sexes. Body mass index, blood pressure, disease history, and socioeconomic status were recorded. The laboratory parameters, including fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HbA1c, were examined by Murni Teguh Hospital Laboratory and HIF-1α; we examined by ELISA methods in the laboratory Medical Faculty, Sumatera Utara Universitas.
RESULTS: In this study, we found that there was no significant correlation between HIF-1α with FBS and HbA1c (p > 0.005), but we found that there was a significant correlation HbA1c with FBS (p < 0.005).
CONCLUSION: The results of the study revealed HIF-1α at the both of the group of the samples even in the relative small amounts until a large amounts in the serum, but we found that there was no correlation significantly between HIF-1α and glycemic index (HbA1c and FBS), while there was correlation significantly between Hba1c and FBS.
Efficacy of Skin, Connective Tissue, Aponeurosis Galea, Loose Areolar Tissue, and Pericranium Acupuncture Techniques in Stroke Patients in Improving Muscle Strength of Motion Limbs
Authors: Septadina Indri Seta , Bahar Erial
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, more than 650,000 stroke survivors needed further therapy and treatment related to mild or severe relief caused by stroke. Defects that cause stroke lesions require more serious and longer handling and will be very burdensome for patients and health insurance. Acupuncture method in the head skin, connective tissue, aponeurosis galea, loose areolar tissue, and pericranium (SCALP) was known to be related to the function of the cerebral cortex known as Zhu’s scalp acupuncture. Stimulation on this point was believed can open blood vessels, and provides better blood flow so it could improve repair in stroke patient.
AIM: This research aimed to prove the effectivity of needle sticking on SCALP to strengthen limb muscle in stroke patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research used a quasi-experimental design, pre-test-post-test without control group. The subjects of this study were stroke patients who were in the recovery phase (after the critical period had passed) and who had an stroke attack <1 year. Sampling method of this study was consecutive sampling, namely, recovery post-stroke patients who were hospitalized or outpatient of all over hospitals in Palembang, Indonesia. In this study, needle pricking was performed in the cerebral motor cortex which is located in the anterior central sulcus. Stimulation is done 10 times for 2 weeks. Assessment of muscle strength in the upper and lower limbs was performed using manual muscle testing measurement before and after therapy. Analysis of muscle strength before and after cerebral cortex stimulation through needle pricking on the SCALP of the head was analyzed by t-test dependent using SPSS 18. Data were displayed in tabular form, with a significance of p < 0.05.
RESULTS: Subjects of this study were eight people consisting of four men (50%) and four female patients (50%) who had passed the critical stroke and were in the recovery phase within a period of recovery <1 year after stroke attack. The number of subjects who experienced improvement in joint motion of each joint was much greater than the frequency of the number of subjects who had no improvement. About 90% of the study subjects felt improvement in joint motion of each joint. The improvement in muscle strength score almost doubled after being treated with SCALP acupuncture better than before treatment.
CONCLUSION: SCALP acupuncture technique was effective in improving muscle strength of motion limbs on stroke patients.
Profile of Daily Life in Children with Brain Tumors: An Assessment of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales before and after Treatment
Authors: July Julius , Bastiaan Natasha , Tandean Steven , Loe Michael Lumintang
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Pediatric brain tumors are the most common solid tumor and cause of death among all childhood cancers. In America, brain tumor prevalence is 21.42/100.000 population. Even though survival rate is improving, the impact of treatment for long-term quality of life is still a challenge.
AIM: We aimed to investigate quality of life score using PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales.
METHODS: The data collected based on the inclusion criteria from patient’s medical records 2015–2017 period on January 2018–May 2018 in Siloam Hospital, Lippo Village, Karawaci. Twenty-six brain tumor pediatric patients with surgical treatment were evaluated using PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales. The evaluation included before and after condition of the patient. PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales were divided into four categories; physical function, emotional function, social function, and school function. They were analyzed statically using Wilcoxon test with p < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
RESULTS: The result showed that before treatment score of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales was classified as medium functioning (58.54/92) and after treatment score of PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales was classified as intermediate functioning (37.3/92).
CONCLUSION: The conclusion is that patient after treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation) shows improved quality of life score using PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales.
Latent Membrane Protein-1 Protein Induction toward Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chrestella Jessy , Farhat Farhat , Daulay Elvita Rahmi , Tarigan Sheba , Syari Raudah Putri
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection as the main factor. Latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been suggested as the prognostic biomarker for NPC.
AIM: This study is conducted to analyze the overexpression of LMP-1 protein and VEGF and the combination of these two in NPC patients. The role of LMP-1 protein in the induction of VEGF is identified by analyzing the association between these two proteins.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design study is conducted at Adam Malik General Hospital. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from the NPC tissue samples are submitted for immunohistochemistry staining. Fisher’s exact test is used to analyze variables relation.
RESULTS: Among 56 samples, there was a significant correlation between LMP-1 protein overexpression with histopathological type and clinical staging, and VEGF overexpression with lymph node enlargement and clinical staging (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between LMP-1 protein with VEGF in NPC patients (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Increased expressions of LMP-1 protein, VEGF, and a combination of LMP-1 protein and VEGF are noted in correlation with increasing the clinical stages. In contrast to the previously suggested hypotheses, the correlation between these two proteins is not significant in the present study. It could happen due to the different associations of each protein overexpression toward the clinical parameter. However, these two proteins could be used in evaluating the prognosis and providing a targeted therapy to NPC.
COVID-19 from a Perspective of Neuromuscular Diseases: Meeting the Challenges
Authors: Barbov Ivan , Kalcev Goce
Published: July 2020

Dear Editor,
The new SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is imposing immense strain on the health systems in several countries. The growth of the epidemic has led the WHO to declare the 2019-nCoV disease as a global pandemic (1). COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to affect patients with neuromuscular diseases. The evaluation of the overall risk of COVID-19 in patients with neuromuscular diseases depends on several factors: the specificity of the neuromuscular disease, the general condition, the presence of other comorbidities, age, and the type of immunosuppressive treatment they receive. It is important to emphasize the fact that most patients with neuromuscular disease are not expected to suffer from severe complications due to coronavirus infection. Corona infections can affect certain myopathies. In a recent study published in China, related to COVID-19 is shown that hospitalized patients experienced fatigue and myalgia (44-70%), and increased creatine kinase (33%) in the serum (2). Apart from this, a third of hospitalized patients infected with the coronavirus had rhabdomyolysis (3). All of this points to the fact that coronavirus infection may be responsible for viral myositis. In addition, is the finding that some of the critical cases have developed polyneuropathy or myopathy (4). On the other hand, it is well known that infection is a trigger for exacerbation of certain neuromuscular diseases. There is no data that measured the risk of exacerbation as a result of coronaviruses infection for neuromuscular disorders. However, in one retrospective study, COVID-19 infection was a leading reason for the exacerbation of myasthenia gravis (5). As a result of this, an increased incidence of exacerbations of certain neuromuscular diseases should be expected, as well as the appearance of new clinical presentations during this pandemic. It is important to note that there are still no neuromuscular diseases-specific recommendations for patients who are infected with the coronavirus. Observation is recommended in patients at high and medium risk, especially in those patients where there is a possibility of a decrease in respiratory function. Last but not least, we would like to emphasize the need for reorganization of clinical care for these patients (6). The goal is to reduce exposure of patients to areas where the coronavirus could be found. Moreover, non-urgent or outpatient care is remarkably reduced. In conclusion, we must learn to apply our clinical practices in order to reduce the complications that may occur in patients with neuromuscular disease due to COVID-19. The primary goal is to develop evidence-based medical practices in order to reduce morbidity and mortality. Collaboration among institutions worldwide will be able to give us the data needed for planning management for neuromuscular disorders with COVID-19 and maintain clinical research against strong challenges.
Geographical distribution of the giant honey bee Apis laboriosa Smith, 1871 (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Kitnya Nyaton , Prabhudev M. V. , Bhatta Chet Prasad , Pham Thai Hong , Nidup Tshering , Megu Karsing , Chakravorty Jharna , Brockmann Axel , Otis G. W.
Published: July 2020

Worldwide pollinator declines have dramatically increased our need to survey and monitor pollinator distributions and abundances. The giant honey bee, Apis laboriosa, is one of the important pollinators at higher altitudes of the Himalayas. This species has a restricted distribution along the Himalayas and neighbouring mountain ranges of Asia. Previous assessments of its distribution, published more than 20 years ago, were based on museum specimens. Since then, 244 additional localities have been revealed through field trips by the authors, publications, and websites. We present a revised distribution for A. laboriosa that better defines its range and extends it eastward to the mountains of northern Vietnam, southward along the Arakan Mountains to west-central Myanmar, into the Shillong Hills of Meghalaya, India, and northwestward in Uttarakhand, India. This species is generally found at elevations between 1000–3000 m a.s.l.. In northeastern India A. laboriosa colonies occur during summer at sites as low as 850 m a.s.l. and some lower elevation colonies maintain their nests throughout the winter. Finally, we report three regions in Arunachal Pradesh, India, and nine locations in northern Vietnam, where we observed workers of A. laboriosa and A. dorsata foraging sympatrically; their co-occurrence supports the species status of Apis laboriosa.
Facultative amphidromy and pelagic larval duration plasticity of Rhinogobius formosanus (Teleostei, Gobioidei)
Authors: Liao Te-Yu , Huang Wen-Chien , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Chou Ming-Tai , Shiao Jen-Chieh
Published: July 2020

Rhinogobius formosanusOshima, 1919 has long been considered an amphidromous goby. However, a landlocked population recently found in the Jingualiao Creek upstream of the Feitsui Reservoir in Taipei suggests thatR. formosanusmay complete its life in the river. This study aims to verify the habitat use of the landlocked population ofR. formosanuscollected from the Feitsui Reservoir and an amphidromous population collected in Malian Creek using otolith Sr:Ca ratio analysis. The hypothesis that early life history varies between the landlocked and migratory gobies was also tested. Genetic analyses show that the Feitsui Reservoir and Malian Creek populations are not genetically different.Rhinogobius formosanusfrom Malian Creek showed high-to-low otolith Sr:Ca ratios suggesting that these specimens spent a planktonic larval stage in the sea followed by a freshwater life at later stages. In contrast,R. formosanusfrom the Feitsui Reservoir showed constant lower otolith Sr:Ca ratios, implying a landlocked life history of fish in the creek upstream of the reservoir. In addition, the analysis of growth increments showed a longer pelagic larval duration for the fish in the Malian Creek (58.8 days) than those in the Feitsui Reservoir (38.8). Variation of pelagic larval duration in two genetically homogenous populations implies acclimatization to the reservoir by the landlocked gobies. This study shows thatR. formosanus, like some other congeners, is capable of adapting to a freshwater landlocked environment in its early developmental stage and supports the hypothesis that landlocked populations may have a shorter pelagic larval duration.
CD markers of camel (Camelusdromedarius) intestine naturally infected with Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis: Distinct expression of Madcam-1 and CX3CR1
Authors: AL-RAMADAN Saeed , AL-MOHAMMED SALEM Kazem , ALSHUBAITH Ibrahim , ALLUWAIMI Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Mycobacteriumavium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in camel requires extensive research, particularly the immune responses in the intestine. This study aimed to investigate the nature of the cellular populations that are driven by the immunopathological responses in the camel intestine infected with MAP at different ages. Immunohistochemical staining was carried out on tissues obtained from naturally infected young (5–10 years old) and older (12–15 years old) camels. The staining of the tissues, ileum, mesenteric lymph node, jejunum, and supramammary lymph nodes, with anti-CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD25+, CD11c+, CD14+, WC1+, CX3CR1, and Madcam-1 monoclonal antibodies revealed high expression of the molecules CD8+, CD25+, CD11c+, CD14+, WC1+, CX3CR1, and Madcam-1 in the ileum and mesenteric lymph node of the infected older camels. The results indicated the recruitment of CD8+lymphocytes, CD14+ macrophages, and CD11c+ dendritic cells to the ileal lamina propria. High expression of CX3CR1 could indicate a vital role for this special macrophage phenotype in the ileal lamina propria in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Madcam-1 expression could have an essential role in defining the nature of the recruited cells to the site of the infection. Expression of CX3CR1 and Madcam-1 is a novel finding that merits further attention and pursuit to reveal their significance in the immune responses to MAP in the camel’s intestine.
Robotique éducative et apprentissage du code informatique :Étude exploratoire auprès d’organismes de formation
Authors: Vacaflor Nayra , Boudokhane-Lima Feirouz , Amri Mahdi
Published: July 2020

Le point de départ de notre recherche est une étude qualitative et exploratoire conduite en Aquitaine, auprès de structures de formation au codage informatique pour des enfants ayant entre 8 et 12 ans. L’objectif est de réfléchir autour des nouvelles modalités de l’apprentissage centré sur la programmation, la robotique et l’intelligence artificielle. L’initiation au code permet aux enfants une meilleure intégration des objets numériques dans leur quotidien. Elle constitue pour eux une opportunité pour développer davantage les capacités de compréhension, d’analyse, de réflexion critique et de résolution de problèmes. Dans ce sens, les méthodes et technologies utilisées permettent un apprentissage progressif qui permet aux enfants de libérer leur imagination et d’inventer des objets tout en s’amusant.
Artificial Intelligence in Media:Journalists’Perceptions and Organizational Talk
Authors: YU Yang , HUANG Kuo , JONES Bob
Published: July 2020

Artificial Intelligence’s cost-efficient nature and speed of operation has naturally prompted many media organizations to consider its broader application in the media industry. But it has also prompted concern among human journalists that they will be marginalized and ultimately replaced by AI. This study employs qualitative methods to explore the perceptions of media practitioners working in Chinese media context in relation to the impact of AI on media employment, and attempts to shed light on how talk/discourse about AI is shaping perceptions at the individual (micro) level and institutional communication at the organizational (meso) level.
The Market-Driven Education
Authors: Chanslor Mike , Buzzard Janet
Published: July 2020

This chapter explores the current demographic and political/economic landscape of higher education and offers possible responses to challenges of retaining a useful, modern liberal arts perspective that addresses the needs of a career readiness emphasis. These responses include the possible compression of higher education through more efficient curricula design and delivery, partnerships with high schools to help build career pathways for traditional students, and the offering of alternative micro-credentials, such as certificate programs. The importance of aligning higher education with workforce needs is also addressed.
Measuring Student Success in an Era of Heightened Accountability and Big Data
Authors: Ivie Jennifer L.
Published: July 2020

Higher education in the United States has been called to the mat to prove the return on investment by students, taxpayers, governments, and other funding sources. This call for accountability requires the use of “big” data to demonstrate student success, continuous improvement, and stewardship. However, using big data in the U.S. higher education system is still a newer concept. The available research and tools for this work is growing as institutions embrace this new era. This chapter explores the use of big data in higher education in the United States through the framework of the historical perspective, current trends, and changing needs and demographics of the nation.
Management Quandary
Authors: Freeman Jerrid P. , Haley Karen J.
Published: July 2020

Higher education is changing in significant ways and cannot continue to operate in the same ways it once functioned. This multifaceted complexity requires leaders to manage and lead not only the business enterprise of higher education, but also societal demands within the context of multiple institutional structures and values. Every leader must understand their role in managing and how to be nimble enough to respond and adapt to the needs of society, students, and business while also developing the quality of education and experience that restores the faith of the public in higher education. Higher education leaders must be willing to take on the management quandary before them—maintain a strong business acumen, manage the multiple relationships inside and outside the Academy, and address the needs of society and business in knowledge and skill acquisition. The current climate presents a scenario where it is difficult for a leader who focuses heavily on only one element and lacks the historical perspective of higher education to be successful.
Return on Investment of Display Advertising
Authors: Balça Joana , Casais Beatriz
Published: July 2020

This research compares the effectiveness of display advertising using Google Ads and Facebook Ads, regarding the outcomes both in digital interaction and conversion metrics. The business manager's perception of profitability is also studied and compared with digital analytics. The authors selected the case of a specific company and researched the attraction of consumer attention of display advertising using both tools in two different markets – Portuguese and Argentinean. The authors conducted digital analytics of the outcomes of advertising campaigns and analyzed an interview with the manager of the studied company. Findings illustrate that Facebook Ads is the most profitable platform for the company, and Argentina is the market that generates higher return in this tool, comparing with the Portuguese market. However, both platforms complement each other in different conversion metrics. Manager's perceptions may not be aligned with the evidences of digital analytics, leading to incorrect decisions.
Variables That Affect Avoidance of Online Behavioral Advertising
Authors: Yasa Fatma
Published: July 2020

Technological developments considerably affect the lives of individuals in many ways. Advertisement sector and those targeted by advertising companies are largely prone to this effect. Online behavioral advertisement (OBA), as one of these practices, is based on the principle of tracking internet users' web footprints and delivering them advertisements that match their areas of interest, needs, preferences, etc. Despite technological advancements, internet users tend to avoid advertisements while surfing on the internet. This study aims to explore variables that affect OBA avoidance.
Digital Storytelling and Public Relations
Authors: Artan Özoran Beris
Published: July 2020

The human experience consists of stories. We tell and listen to millions of stories throughout our lives. Not only humans but also organization use stories to explain their values and create meanings for their constituents. With the increased competition, stories became inevitable in order for organizations to form and to maintain relations. The main purpose of this chapter is to explain through cases analysis what “digital storytelling” means and why it has become essential in the public relations field. Firstly, the concept of “digital storytelling” will be discussed. Secondly, the reason why storytelling has become vital for organizations will be emphasized. Finally, three digital storytelling campaigns (Airbnb's “Breaking Down Walls,” Land Rover's “The Vanishing Game,” and UNICEF's “The Worst Soap Opera”) will be analyzed through multiple case study method. The aim is to examine how different companies are using storytelling for different purposes, and to find out the similarities and differences between the campaigns.
Social Media as a Tool for Gastronomy
Authors: Güzel Şahin Gonca
Published: July 2020

Many countries that have unique local gastronomy cultures develop and promote their regions for the purpose of economic effects for regional development instruments and to protect and sustain local culture and meet the demands of today's tourists. For the purpose of security and providing the sustainability of local culture diversities in the world, national and international organizations register and put under protection the local gastronomy assets. This occurs in various proportions. In order to compete with regional tourism, a variety of tourist attractions should be developed. Turkish cuisine one of three top cuisines in the world. The aim of this chapter is to emphasize the importance of marketing strategy on social media for the traditional Turkish cuisine and Turkish cultural cuisine.
Redefining Educational Opportunity in America
Authors: Smith Peter Plympton
Published: July 2020

This chapter discusses the historic progression of American higher education and its role in opportunity and work. There are social and economic costs in higher education's current opportunity structure, in that many Americans are excluded by campus models, traditions, and values coupled with broader societal norms. For them, the higher education opportunity pathway remains an opportunity monopoly beyond their reach. Clayton Christiansen's theory of disruptive innovation is referenced to reframe this education-opportunity debate.
Cooperative Caching in Wireless Mesh Networks
Authors: Majumder Abhishek , Chakraborty Sukanta , Nath Swapna , Sarkar Malabika
Published: July 2020

For reduction of gateway bottleneck effect, data access cost, and response delay, many cooperative caching schemes are available. But in all the existing schemes, whenever any data is newly cached or any data is evicted, the information needs to be broadcast to all the mesh access points (MAPs). As a result, communication cost increases. In this chapter, a cluster and sub-cluster-based cooperative caching scheme is designed to minimize the communication cost. Clusters and sub-clusters are formed by taking advantage of the static position of Mesh routers. Cluster-heads (CHs) are selected using minimum spanning tree and minimum weighted vertex cover algorithm. Then the clusters and sub-clusters are formed. CHs and other Maps keep different cache information tables, and based on those, cache decision is taken. Client mobility is also considered. The performance of the proposed scheme and some other existing schemes have been compared. It has been observed that in the proposed scheme, communication cost in terms of number of messages is reduced.
Development of DNN Model for Predicting Surge Pressure Gradient During Tripping Operations
Authors: Krishna Shwetank , Ridha Syahrir , Vasant Pandian
Published: July 2020

Application of machine learning tools in drilling hydrocarbon well is still exploratory in its stage. This chapter presents a brief review of various applied research in drilling operations using machine learning (ML) tools and develop a deep neural network (DNN) model for predicting the downhole pressure surges while tripping. Tripping in or out drill-string/casing with a certain speed from the wellbore will result in downhole pressure surges. These surges could result in well integrity or well control problems, which can be avoided if pressure imbalances are predicted before this operation is engaged. Existing analytical models focus on forecasting the pressure imbalance but requires cumbersome numerical analysis. This could be solved by integrating DNN tool with the best existing analytical model predicted dataset. Consequently, the aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of various applications of machine learning tools in drilling and presenting a step-by-step process of developing a DNN model for the prediction of downhole pressure surges during tripping operation.
Meta-Heuristic Approaches for the Optimization of Hydropower Energy
Authors: Azad Abdus Samad , Vasant Pandian , Watada Junzo , Al Sokkalingam Rajalingam
Published: July 2020

The concept of a multireservoir systems in hydropower introduces the function of multiple units simultaneously to reach the peak requirements. The reservoir optimized operation is a complex, extremely nonlinear, high dimensional, and multimodal task. The options that can be evaluated manually are generally limited in numbers, which made it difficult to identify the most appropriate option and should be taken into account while making decisions. Presently, for solving the optimization problems in multireservoir system, many modern heuristic stochastic search algorithms were established. That is possible because of the aspects of artificial and computational intelligence technologies. By connecting metaheuristic algorithms, the decision options can be identified to make the most suitable utilization of the scarce resources, best natural results for a given allotment can be attained, and the best trade-offs between contending goals can be established. In this chapter, the authors review the latest meta-heuristic optimization technique and their applications to maximize the economic factors.
Analysis of the Evolution of Eight VSEs Using the ISO/IEC 29110 to Reinforce Their Agile Approaches
Authors: Muñoz Mirna , Mejía Jezreel , Laporte Claude Y.
Published: July 2020

Most very small entities (VSEs) develop software for medium and large companies and organizations. This situation creates an opportunity for them to become key players in the production chain by providing quality software within schedule and budget. A feature of most VSEs is that they do not have experience in the implementation of engineering standards due to specific features such as lack of support, lack of resources, time-consuming, and the use of agile approaches. This chapter presents an analysis of a set of eight VSEs that used agile approaches to develop software and that have implemented the software Basic profile of the ISO/IEC 29110 to reinforce their agile approach. The results show that ISO/IEC 29110 were easily implemented and helped VSEs to improve their agile approaches while helping them to understand the importance of formalizing some key artifacts produced during the development of a software product.