bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Admiration: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Onu Diana , Kessler Thomas , Smith Joanne R.
Published: January 2016

Admiration is thought to have essential functions for social interaction: it inspires us to learn from excellent models, to become better people, and to praise others and create social bonds. In intergroup relations, admiration for other groups leads to greater intergroup contact, cooperation, and help. Given these implications, it is surprising that admiration has only been researched by a handful of authors. In this article we review the literature, focusing on the definition of admiration, links to related emotions, measurement, antecedents, and associated behaviors. We propose a conceptual model of admiration that highlights admiration’s function for approaching and emulating successful models, thus contributing to social learning at the interpersonal level and to cultural transmission at the group and societal level.
Contempt: Derogating Others While Keeping Calm
Authors: Fischer Agneta , Giner-Sorolla Roger
Published: January 2016

While philosophers have discussed the emotion of contempt from antiquity to the present day, contempt has received less attention in psychological research. We review the defining features of contempt, both as a short-term emotion and as a more long-lasting sentiment. Contempt is similar to anger in that it may occur after (repeated) social or moral transgressions, but it differs from anger in its appraisals, actions, and emotivational goals. Unlike anger, contempt arises when a person’s or group’s character is appraised as bad and unresponsive to change, leading to attempts to socially exclude the target. We discuss associative, self-regulatory, and social distancing functions of contempt and present a dynamic social model of contempt versus anger.
Childbirth Supporters’ Experiences in a Built Hospital Birth Environment
Authors: Harte J. Davis , Sheehan Athena , Stewart Susan C. , Foureur Maralyn
Published: January 2016

Objective:

To explore inhibiting and facilitating design factors influencing childbirth supporters’ experiences.

Background:

Birthing women benefit from the continuous, cooperative presence of supporters. However, little research has investigated how birth room design facilitates or inhibits supporters’ role navigation.

Methods:

We conducted an exploratory video ethnographic single case study of childbirth supporters’ experiences, within an Australian hospital birth environment. Video, field notes, and video-cued reflexive interviews with the woman, her midwives, and supporters were thematically analyzed using ethnographic/symbolic interactionist perspectives to frame supporters’ understandings.

Results:

Findings suggest supporters’ experiences are complex, made more complicated by sparse understanding or accommodation of their needs in the built environment. Supporters’ presence and roles are not facilitated by the physical space; they experience “an unbelonging paradox” of being needed, yet uncertain and “in the way” during “tenuous nest-building” activities.

Conclusions:

Suggested design guidelines to facilitate supporters’ well-being and their roles in designed hospital birth spaces are provided.
Security Implications of Physical Design Attributes in the Emergency Department
Authors: Pati Debajyoti , Pati Sipra , Harvey Thomas E.
Published: January 2016

Background:

Security, a subset of safety, is equally important in the efficient delivery of patient care. The emergency department (ED) is susceptible to violence creating concerns for the safety and security of patients, staff, and visitors and for the safe and efficient delivery of care. Although there is an implicit and growing recognition of the role of the physical environment, interventions typically have been at the microlevel.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to identify physical design attributes that potentially influence safety and efficiency of ED operations.

Method:

An exploratory, qualitative research design was adopted to examine the efficiency and safety correlates of ED physical design attributes. The study comprised a multimeasure approach involving multidisciplinary gaming, semistructured interviews, and touring interviews of frontline staff in four EDs at three hospital systems across three states.

Results:

Five macro physical design attributes (issues that need to be addressed at the design stage and expensive to rectify once built) emerged from the data as factors substantially associated with security issues. They are design issues pertaining to (a) the entry zone, (b) traffic management, (c) patient room clustering, (d) centralization versus decentralization, and (e) provisions for special populations.

Conclusion:

Data from this study suggest that ED security concerns are generally associated with three sources: (a) gang-related violence, (b) dissatisfied patients, and (c) behavioral health patients. Study data show that physical design has an important role in addressing the above-mentioned concerns. Implications for ED design are outlined in the article.
Male = Science, Female = Humanities
Authors: Cai Huajian , Luo Yu L. L. , Shi Yuanyuan , Liu Yunzhi , Yang Ziyan
Published: January 2016

The gender-science stereotype of associating males, rather than females, with science is pervasive and influential. The present study challenged the common-sense assumption that it is environment that leads to the gender-science stereotype by conducting a genetically informative study. A total of 304 pairs of twins (152 monozygotic [MZ] and 152 dizygotic [DZ]) completed explicit and implicit gender-science stereotype measures twice across 2 years. Results showed that both explicit and implicit gender-science stereotypes were heritable, with significant nonshared environmental influence. Moreover, genetic and nonshared environmental factors influencing the explicit gender-science stereotype also affected the implicit gender-science stereotype to some extent. These findings have important implications for understanding the nature of the gender-science stereotype and implicit social cognition.
Face Perception and Test Reliabilities in Congenital Prosopagnosia in Seven Tests
Authors: Esins Janina , Schultz Johannes , Stemper Claudia , Kennerknecht Ingo , Bülthoff Isabelle
Published: January 2016

Congenital prosopagnosia, the innate impairment in recognizing faces, is a very heterogeneous disorder with different phenotypical manifestations. To investigate the nature of prosopagnosia in more detail, we tested 16 prosopagnosics and 21 controls with an extended test battery addressing various aspects of face recognition. Our results show that prosopagnosics exhibited significant impairments in several face recognition tasks: impaired holistic processing (they were tested amongst others with the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT)) as well as reduced processing of configural information of faces. This test battery also revealed some new findings. While controls recognized moving faces better than static faces, prosopagnosics did not exhibit this effect. Furthermore, prosopagnosics had significantly impaired gender recognition—which is shown on a groupwise level for the first time in our study. There was no difference between groups in the automatic extraction of face identity information or in object recognition as tested with the Cambridge Car Memory Test. In addition, a methodological analysis of the tests revealed reduced reliability for holistic face processing tests in prosopagnosics. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show that prosopagnosics showed a significantly reduced reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) in the CFMT compared to the controls. We suggest that compensatory strategies employed by the prosopagnosics might be the cause for the vast variety of response patterns revealed by the reduced test reliability. This finding raises the question whether classical face tests measure the same perceptual processes in controls and prosopagnosics.
Cabergoline-induced manic episode: case report
Authors: Yüksel Rabia Nazik , Elyas Kaya Zeynep , Dilbaz Nesrin , Cingi Yirün Merve
Published: January 2016

Cabergoline is an orally administered synthetic dopamine agonist that is used for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia, Parkinson’s disease and antipsychotic-induced prolactin elevation.

One of the main characteristics of cabergoline is its long duration of effect. It is highly effective in suppressing prolactin levels up to 21 days after a single 1 mg oral dose. The prolonged elimination half-life offers an advantage of once-daily dosing, but it might be a handicap in terms of washout of adverse effects such as psychosis. Cabergoline has been associated with adverse reactions consistent with other dopaminergic agonists including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric effects. It is known that dopaminergic treatment is a remarkable risk factor for psychosis. A number of reports implicate dopamine agonists in the development of psychosis, but there is no knowledge in the literature of dopamine agonist-induced mania. In this case, we report the first manic episode occurring after cabergoline use for hyperprolactinemia treatment. In susceptible individuals, cabergoline can cause manic episodes and cabergoline should be used more carefully considering the risk–benefit ratio.
Applying the narrative policy framework to the issues surrounding hydraulic fracturing within the news media: A research note
Authors: Blair Benjamin D , McCormack Larkin
Published: January 2016

Identifying narratives within the news media is a challenging task. In this research note, we utilize the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) to identify news media narratives and characters (heroes, victims, villains) on hydraulic fracturing in two local Colorado newspapers. We find the victim is the public and the villain is most often the oil and gas actors. Furthermore, the two newspapers present heroes differently: the conservative newspaper presents oil and gas industry actors as heroes while the liberal newspaper presents environmental organizations as heroes. This research note demonstrates the potential of the NPF to evaluate media reporting of contentious issues.
Off-Pump Double Coronary Bypass in a Case of Familial Hypercholesterolemia With Coarctation of the Aorta
Authors: Kaya Mehmet , Erkanlı Korhan , Kyaruzi Mugisha , Bakır İhsan
Published: January 2016

Familial hypercholesterolemia is an uncommon disease that may be associated with atherosclerosis affecting coronary arteries and the ascending aorta. Coarctation of the aorta is rarely involved in this disease. The ideal surgical approach for management of coexisting coronary artery disease and coarctation of the aorta in a child with familial hypercholesterolemia is unclear. We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with familial hypercholesterolemia who underwent double coronary artery bypass grafting due to proximal lesions of both the left anterior descending artery and the right coronary artery.
A Tubular Aortopulmonary Window
Authors: Chidambarathanu Shanthi , Agarwal Ravi , Hussain Zahra M. , Brown Nigel A. , Anderson Robert H.
Published: January 2016

We describe, in this report, an unusually shaped aortopulmonary communication observed in a six-month-old infant who presented with an associated ventricular septal defect. The defect was tubular, measuring 7 mm in length, and located intrapericardially between the proximal ascending aorta and the pulmonary trunk. It was well defined by transthoracic echocardiogram and was suitable for surgical ligation. We share our dilemma in naming this defect appropriately. We base our explanation on our understanding of normal development of the intrapericardial arterial trunks. There is initially an extensive aortopulmonary foramen. This is closed by apposition of a protrusion from the dorsal wall of the aortic sac, the aortopulmonary septum, with the distal margins of the outflow cushions. The spiral nature of formation of the aortopulmonary septum provides an understanding of the configuration of our tubular aortopulmonary window.
An Unusual Type of Totally Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection to the Superior Cavoatrial Junction
Authors: Shamsuddin Ahmad Mahir , Wong Abdul Rahim , Anderson Robert H. , Corno Antonio F.
Published: January 2016

A neonate with cyanosis at birth was found to have a rare type of totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The pulmonary veins entered a confluence posterior to the left atrial wall, which drained into the right superior cavoatrial junction. There were no other major structural defects and no evidence of isomerism. Because of the severe cyanosis, and the restrictive nature of the interatrial communication, we performed balloon atrioseptostomy to improve oxygenation. We then achieved successful surgical repair when the baby was aged 7 months.
Drug Use Severity, Mortality, and Cause of Death in Primary Care Patients With Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Maynard Charles , Graves Meredith Cook , West Imara I. , Bumgardner Kristin , Krupski Antoinette , Roy-Byrne Peter
Published: January 2016

This article examines the association between drug use severity and mortality in primary care patients with substance use disorders. In 848 individuals with known vital status, severity was low in 32%, intermediate in 38%, or substantial/severe in 30%. Two-year survival was 93% in the low group, 96% in the medium group, and 92% in the high group ( p = .19). The age-adjusted risk of death for the high-severity group was twice that of the medium-risk group (hazard ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = [1.02, 3.93]). Individuals in the high group were more likely to die from accidents than those in the low- or medium-severity groups (50% vs. 20%, p = .021). Compared with low- and medium-severity groups, age at death was 5 years younger in the high-severity group (52 ± 9 vs. 57 ± 6, p = .017). Premature death due to accidental causes in persons with substance use disorders is a persistent yet complex problem.
Bringing Identity Content to the Fore
Authors: McLean Kate C. , Syed Moin , Shucard Hannah
Published: January 2016

In the present study we examined the role of identity content in relation to identity processes in a sample of college-going emerging adults ( n = 255). Participants reported eight narratives each ( n = 2,040 narratives) in response to prompts for specific identity content domains (occupation, values, politics, religion, family, romance, friends, and sex roles), and completed survey measures of identity exploration and commitment. Narratives were coded for content and meaning-making. In general, participants reported the content requested but were less likely to do so in certain domains (e.g., religion) than others (e.g., family). Identity processes varied by content domain, suggesting that identity contents may require different forms of processing. Results reveal the importance of examining identity content for a fuller understanding of identity development.
Serum-resistant CpG-STAT3 decoy for targeting survival and immune checkpoint signaling in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Qifang , Hossain Dewan Md Sakib , Duttagupta Priyanka , Moreira Dayson , Zhao Xingli , Won Haejung , Buettner Ralf , Nechaev Sergey , Majka Marcin , Zhang Bin , Cai Qi , Swiderski Piotr , Kuo Ya-Huei , Forman Stephen , Marcucci Guido , Kortylewski Marcin
Published: January 2016

Key Points

STAT3 decoy conjugated to TLR9 ligand targets survival and immune checkpoint signaling in all acute myeloid leukemia cell compartments. Serum-resistant CpG-STAT3dODN conjugates induce direct killing and/or immune-mediated eradication of AML, including stem/progenitor cells.
Melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide versus melphalan, prednisone, and thalidomide in untreated multiple myeloma
Authors: Zweegman Sonja , van der Holt Bronno , Mellqvist Ulf-Henrik , Salomo Morten , Bos Gerard M. J. , Levin Mark-David , Visser-Wisselaar Heleen , Hansson Markus , van der Velden Annette W. G. , Deenik Wendy , Gruber Astrid , Coenen Juleon L. L. M. , Plesner Torben , Klein Saskia K. , Tanis Bea C. , Szatkowski Damian L. , Brouwer Rolf E. , Westerman Matthijs , Leys M. (Rineke) B. L. , Sinnige Harm A. M. , Haukås Einar , van der Hem Klaas G. , Durian Marc F. , Mattijssen E. (Vera) J. M. , van de Donk Niels W. C. J. , Stevens-Kroef Marian J. P. L. , Sonneveld Pieter , Waage Anders
Published: January 2016

Key Points

In a multicenter, randomized phase 3 trial, MPR-R was not superior over MPT-T with respect to response rate, PFS, and OS. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicity requiring growth factor support occurred with MPR-R vs clinically significant neuropathy with MPT-T.
Inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic liver diseases and the lung
Authors: Rodriguez-Roisin Roberto , Bartolome Sonja D. , Huchon Gérard , Krowka Michael J.
Published: January 2016

This review is devoted to the distinct associations of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and chronic liver disorders with chronic airway diseases, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma, and other chronic respiratory disorders in the adult population. While there is strong evidence for the association of chronic airway diseases with IBD, the data are much weaker for the interplay between lung and liver multimorbidities. The association of IBD, encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, with pulmonary disorders is underlined by their heterogeneous respiratory manifestations and impact on chronic airway diseases. The potential relationship between the two most prevalent liver-induced pulmonary vascular entities,i.e.portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome, and also between liver disease and other chronic respiratory diseases is also approached. Abnormal lung function tests in liver diseases are described and the role of increased serum bilirubin levels on chronic respiratory problems are considered.
Traffic-related air pollution and alveolar nitric oxide in southern California children
Authors: Eckel Sandrah P. , Zhang Zilu , Habre Rima , Rappaport Edward B. , Linn William S. , Berhane Kiros , Zhang Yue , Bastain Theresa M. , Gilliland Frank D.
Published: January 2016

Mechanisms for the adverse respiratory effects of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) have yet to be established. We evaluated the acute effects of TRAP exposure on proximal and distal airway inflammation by relating indoor nitric oxide (NO), a marker of TRAP exposure in the indoor microenvironment, to airway and alveolar sources of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO).

FeNOwas collected online at four flow rates in 1635 schoolchildren (aged 12–15 years) in southern California (USA) breathing NO-free air. Indoor NO was sampled hourly and linearly interpolated to the time of theFeNOtest. Estimated parameters quantifying airway wall diffusivity (DawNO) and flux (J′awNO) and alveolar concentration (CANO) sources ofFeNOwere related to exposure using linear regression to adjust for potential confounders.

We found that TRAP exposure indoors was associated with elevated alveolar NO. A 10 ppb higher indoor NO concentration at the time of theFeNOtest was associated with 0.10 ppb higher averageCANO(95% CI 0.04–0.16) (equivalent to a 7.1% increase from the mean), 4.0% higherJ′awNO(95% CI −2.8–11.3) and 0.2% lowerDawNO(95% CI −4.8–4.6).

These findings are consistent with an airway response to TRAP exposure that was most marked in the distal airways.
Treatment of Gram-negative pneumonia in the critical care setting: is the beta-lactam antibiotic backbone broken beyond repair?
Authors: Bassetti Matteo , Welte Tobias , Wunderink Richard G.
Published: January 2016

Beta-lactam antibiotics form the backbone of treatment for Gram-negative pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit. However, this beta-lactam antibiotic backbone is increasingly under pressure from emerging resistance across all geographical regions, and health-care professionals in many countries are rapidly running out of effective treatment options. Even in regions that currently have only low levels of resistance, the effects of globalization are likely to increase local pressures on the beta-lactam antibiotic backbone in the near future. Therefore, clinicians are increasingly faced with a difficult balancing act: the need to prescribe adequate and appropriate antibiotic therapy while reducing the emergence of resistance and the overuse of antibiotics. In this review, we explore the burden of Gram-negative pneumonia in the critical care setting and the pressure that antibiotic resistance places on current empiric therapy regimens (and the beta-lactam antibiotic backbone) in this patient population. New treatment approaches, such as systemic and inhaled antibiotic alternatives, are on the horizon and are likely to help tackle the rising levels of beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. In the meantime, it is imperative that the beta-lactam antibiotic backbone of currently available antibiotics be supported through stringent antibiotic stewardship programs.
The effects of immunomodulation by macrophage subsets on osteogenesis in vitro
Authors: Loi Florence , Córdova Luis A. , Zhang Ruth , Pajarinen Jukka , Lin Tzu-hua , Goodman Stuart B. , Yao Zhenyu
Published: January 2016

Background

Bone formation and remodeling are influenced by the inflammatory state of the local microenvironment. In this regard, macrophages are postulated to play a crucial role in modulating osteogenesis. However, the differential effects of macrophage subsets and their plasticity on bone formation are currently unknown.

Methods

Polarized primary murine macrophages and preosteoblastic MC3T3 cells were co-cultured to investigate the effect of non-activated M0, pro-inflammatory M1, and tissue-regenerative M2 macrophages on the osteogenic ability of MC3T3-E1 cellsin vitro. Furthermore, to model the physiological transition from inflammation to tissue regeneration, M1-MC3T3 co-cultures were treated with interleukin-4 (IL-4) at different time points to modulate the M1 phenotype towards M2. Macrophage phenotypic markers were assessed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A time course study of osteogenic markers at different time points was conducted: alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mRNA levels were evaluated at week 1, ALP activity and osteocalcin and osteopontin mRNA levels at week 2, and matrix mineralization and osteocalcin and osteopontin protein concentrations at week 3. Supernatant collected 72 hours after seeding or IL-4 treatment, whichever was later, was analyzed for oncostatin M, a cytokine released by macrophages that has been recognized to enhance osteogenesis. Unpaired t test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s or Dunnett’s post hoc tests were used for statistical comparison of the groups.

Results

Co-culture with any of the macrophage subtypes increased the osteogenic ability of MC3T3 cells as indicated by increases in ALP activity and matrix mineralization. Increased ALP activity, osteocalcin concentration, and matrix mineralization demonstrated that osteogenesis by M1-MC3T3 co-cultures was further enhanced by macrophage phenotype modulation to M2 via IL-4 treatment 72 hours after seeding. Increased oncostatin M protein concentration in untreated M1-MC3T3 co-cultures and M1-MC3T3 co-cultures treated with IL-4 at 72 hours correlated with greater ALP activity and matrix mineralization.

Conclusions

These results suggest that a transient inflammatory phase is crucial for enhanced bone formation. Macrophage plasticity may offer new strategies for modulating the local inflammatory microenvironment with the aim of potentially enhancing bone repair.
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in kidney transplantation
Authors: Chen Cheng , Hou Jianquan
Published: January 2016

Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease, but its implementation is limited by organ shortage and immune rejection. Side effects of current immunosuppressive drugs, such as nephrotoxicity, opportunistic infection, and tumorigenic potential, influence long-term graft outcomes. In recent years, continued research and subsequent discoveries concerning the properties and potential utilization of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have aroused considerable interest and expectations. Biological characteristics of MSCs, including multi-lineage differentiation, homing potential, paracrine effect and immunomodulation, have opened new horizons for applications in kidney transplantation. However, many studies have shown that the biological activity of MSCs depends on internal inflammatory conditions, and the safety and efficacy of the clinical application of MSCs remain controversial. This review summarizes the findings of a large number of studies and aims to provide an objective viewpoint based on a comprehensive analysis of the presently established benefits and obstacles of implementing MSC-based therapy in kidney transplantation, and to promote its clinical translation.
Duration of depressive symptoms and mortality risk: The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)
Authors: White James , Zaninotto Paola , Walters Kate , Kivimäki Mika , Demakakos Panayotes , Biddulph Jane , Kumari Meena , De Oliveira Cesar , Gallacher John , Batty G. David
Published: January 2016

Background

The relationship between the duration of depressive symptoms and mortality remains poorly understood.

Aims

To examine whether the duration of depressive symptoms is associated with mortality risk.

Method

Data (n= 9560) came from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We assessed depressive symptom duration as the sum of examinations with an eight-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of ⩾3; we ascertained mortality from linking our data to a national register.

Results

Relative to those participants who never reported symptoms, the age- and gender-adjusted hazard ratios for elevated depressive symptoms over 1, 2, 3 and 4 examinations were 1.41 (95% CI 1.15–1.74), 1.80 (95% CI 1.44–2.26), 1.97 (95% CI 1.57–2.47) and 2.48 (95% CI 1.90–3.23), respectively (Pfor trend <0.001). This graded association can be explained largely by differences in physical activity, cognitive function, functional impairments and physical illness.

Conclusions

In this cohort of older adults, the duration of depressive symptoms was associated with mortality in a dose–response manner.
Glucose modulates Drosophila longevity and immunity independent of the microbiota
Authors: Galenza Anthony , Hutchinson Jaclyn , Campbell Shelagh D. , Hazes Bart , Foley Edan
Published: January 2016

The acquisition of nutrients is essential for maintenance of metabolic processes in all organisms. Nutritional imbalance contributes to myriad metabolic disorders that include malnutrition, diabetes and even cancer. Recently, the importance of macronutrient ratio of food has emerged as a critical factor to determine health outcomes. Here we show that individual modifications to a completely defined diet markedly impact multiple aspects of organism wellbeing in Drosophila melanogaster. Through a longitudinal survey of several diets we demonstrate that increased levels of dietary glucose significantly improve longevity and immunity in adult Drosophila. Our metagenomic studies show that relative macronutrient levels not only influence the host, but also have a profound impact on microbiota composition. However, we found that elevated dietary glucose extended the lifespan of adult flies even when raised in a germ-free environment. Furthermore, when challenged with a chronic enteric infection, flies fed a diet with added glucose had increased survival times even in the absence of an intact microbiota. Thus, in contrast to known links between the microbiota and animal health, our findings uncover a novel microbiota-independent response to diet that impacts host wellbeing. As dietary responses are highly conserved in animals, we believe our results offer a general understanding of the association between glucose metabolism and animal health.
Multimodal analysis of ocular inflammation using endotoxin-induced uveitis
Authors: Chu CJ , Gardner PJ , Copland DA , Liyanage SE , Gonzalez-Cordero A , kleine Holthaus S-M , Luhmann UFO , Smith AJ , Ali RR , Dick AD
Published: January 2016

Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) is a model of acute TLR4-mediated organ inflammation, which has been used to model human anterior uveitis, examine leukocyte trafficking and test novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Wider adoption has been limited by the requirement for manual, non-specific cell count scoring with histological sections upon each eye as a measure of disease severity. Here we describe a comprehensive and efficient technique that uses ocular dissection and multimodal tissue analysis. This allows matched disease scoring by multicolour flow cytometric analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate, protein analysis on ocular supernatants and qPCR on remnant tissues of the same eye. Dynamic changes in cell populations could be identified and mapped to chemokine and cytokine changes over the course of the model. To validate the technique, dose-responsive suppression of leukocyte infiltration by recombinant interleukin-10 was demonstrated, as well as selective suppression of the monocyte (CD11b+Ly6C+) infiltrate in Ccl2- and Ccr2-deficient mice. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for the first time in this model to allow in vivo imaging of infiltrating vitreous cells and correlated with CD11b+Ly6G+ counts to provide another unique measure of cell populations in the ocular tissue. Multimodal tissue analysis of EIU is proposed as a new standard to improve and broaden the application of this model.
The role of oncogenic Ras in human skin tumorigenesis depends on the clonogenic potential of the founding keratinocytes
Authors: Maurelli Riccardo , Tinaburri Lavinia , Gangi Fabio , Bondanza Sergio , Severi Anna Lisa , Scarponi Claudia , Albanesi Cristina , Mesiti Giuseppe , Guerra Liliana , Capogrossi Maurizio C. , Dellambra Elena
Published: January 2016

The role of Ras in human skin tumorigenesis induction is still ambiguous. Overexpression of oncogenic Ras causes premature senescence in cultured human cells and hyperplasia in transgenic mice. Here, we investigated whether the oncogenic insult outcome might depend on the nature of the founding keratinocyte. We demonstrate that overexpression of the constitutively active Ras-V12 induces senescence in primary human keratinocyte cultures, but that some cells escape senescence and proliferate indefinitely. Ras overexpression in transient-amplifying- or stem-cell-enriched cultures shows that p16 (encoded by CDKN2A) levels are crucial for the final result. Indeed, transient-amplifying keratinocytes expressing high levels of p16 are sensitive to Ras-V12-induced senescence, whereas cells with high proliferative potential, but that do not display p16, are resistant. The subpopulation that sustains the indefinite culture growth exhibits stem cell features. Bypass of senescence correlates with inhibition of the pRb (also known as RB1) pathway and resumption of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activity. Immortalization is also sustained by activation of the ERK1 and ERK2 (ERK1/2, also known as MAPK3 and MAPK1) and Akt pathways. Moreover, only transduced cultures originating from cultures bearing stem cells induce tumors in nude mice. Our findings demonstrate that the Ras overexpression outcome depends on the clonogenic potential of the recipient keratinocyte and that only the stem cell compartment is competent to initiate tumorigenesis.
REV1 promotes PCNA monoubiquitylation through interacting with ubiquitylated RAD18
Authors: Wang Zhifeng , Huang Min , Ma Xiaolu , Li Huiming , Tang Tieshan , Guo Caixia
Published: January 2016

Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) is a mode of DNA damage tolerance which plays an important role in genome mutagenesis and chromatin integrity maintenance. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoubiquitylation is one of the key factors for TLS pathway choice. So far, it remains unclear how the TLS pathway is elaborately regulated. Here, we report that TLS polymerase REV1 can promote PCNA monoubiquitylation after UV radiation. Further studies revealed that this stimulatory effect is mediated through the enhanced interaction between REV1 and ubiquitylated RAD18, which facilitates the release of nonubiquitylated RAD18 from ubiquitylated RAD18 trapping, after which RAD18 is recruited to chromatin for its TLS function. Furthermore, we found that this stimulatory effect could also be detected after exposure to hydroxyurea or mitomycin C, but not methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), which is in line with the fact that ubiquitylated RAD18 could not be detected after exposure to MMS.
Absence of diurnal variation in visceromotor response to colorectal distention in normal Long Evans rats
Authors: Botschuijver Sara , Yu Zhumei , Welting Olaf , Cailotto Cathy , Kalsbeek Andries , van den Wijngaard Rene
Published: January 2016

Background: Enhanced colorectal sensitivity (i.e. visceral hypersensitivity) is thought to be a pathophysiological mechanism in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In healthy men a circadian variation in rectal perception to colonic distention was described. Disturbed day and night rhythms, which occur in shift work and trans meridian flights, are associated with the prevalence of IBS. This raises the question whether disruptions of circadian control are responsible for the observed pathology in IBS. Prior to investigating altered rhythmicity in relation to visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model for IBS, it is relevant to establish whether normal rats display circadian variation similar to healthy men. 

Methodology and findings: In rodents colorectal distension leads to reproducible contractions of abdominal musculature. We used quantification of this so called visceromotor response (VMR) by electromyography (EMG) to assess visceral sensitivity in rats. We assessed the VMR in normal male Long Evans rats at different time points of the light/dark cycle. Although a control experiment with male maternal separated rats confirmed that intentionally inflicted (i.e. stress induced) changes in VMR can be detected, normal male Long Evans rats showed no variation in VMR along the light/dark cycle in response to colorectal distension.

Conclusions: In the absence of a daily rhythm of colorectal sensitivity in normal control rats it is not possible to investigate possible aberrancies in our rat model for IBS.
The importance of selecting the appropriate reference genes for quantitative real time PCR as illustrated using colon cancer cells and tissue
Authors: Dowling Catríona M. , Walsh Dara , Coffey John C. , Kiely Patrick A.
Published: January 2016

Quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) remains the most sensitive technique for nucleic acid quantification. Its popularity is reflected in the remarkable number of publications reporting RT-qPCR data. Careful normalisation within RT-qPCR studies is imperative to ensure accurate quantification of mRNA levels. This is commonly achieved through the use of reference genes as an internal control to normalise the mRNA levels between different samples. The selection of appropriate reference genes can be a challenge as transcript levels vary with physiology, pathology and development, making the information within the transcriptome flexible and variable. In this study, we examined the variation in expression of a panel of nine candidate reference genes in HCT116 and HT29 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional cultures, as well as in normal and cancerous colon tissue. Using normfinder we identified the top three most stable genes for all conditions. Further to this we compared the change in expression of a selection of PKC coding genes when the data was normalised to one reference gene and three reference genes. Here we demonstrated that there is a variation in the fold changes obtained dependent on the number of reference genes used. As well as this, we highlight important considerations namely; assay efficiency tests, inhibition tests and RNA assessment which should also be implemented into all RT-qPCR studies. All this data combined demonstrates the need for careful experimental design in RT-qPCR studies to help eliminate false interpretation and reporting of results.
Dimensões históricas da regulação nos serviços públicos
Authors: Heber Florence
Published: January 2016

A regulação de serviços públicos foi, junto à privatização dos mesmos serviços, um dos maiores e mais importantes processos de redefinição do papel do Estado no século XX, em diversos países no mundo. No entanto, as referências histórico-conceituais para a ação regulatória ainda são bastante difusas e imprecisas. A proposta deste trabalho é resgatar historicamente o conceito, suas nuances e formas de apropriação em diversas áreas do conhecimento buscando contribuir na elucidação de aspectos ainda pouco evidentes, mas de extrema relevância para a prática regulatória na atualidade.
Políticas públicas, ética, pluralismo metodológico e o Plano Nacional de Turismo
Authors: Oliveira Carlyle Tadeu Falcão de , Deborah Zouain Moraes
Published: January 2016

O turismo tem sido utilizado no discurso de governos e nações como uma estratégia benéfica de desenvolvimento, quer pelo fator de aumento de emprego e redistribuição de renda, quer como causadora de baixos impactos ambientais. No entanto, uma das críticas mais recentes a esta abordagem é a de que o turismo não se desenvolve de forma sustentável e ética. Assumindo que as políticas públicas de turismo deveriam ser elaboradas de forma a contemplar os valores das comunidades residentes nos destinos, a avaliação dos impactos socioculturais gerados por seus programas deve seguir critérios capazes de refletir estes valores. Assim, este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo analisar a principal política pública de turismo do Brasil - o Plano Nacional de Turismo (PNT) - quanto ao seu valor ético e discutir metodologias de avaliação de políticas públicas de turismo. A análise do PNT, segundo o esquema dicotômico de pesquisa qualitativo-quantitativo e subjetivo-objetivo, mostrou inaptidão do principal programa público de turismo brasileiro em não prever no seu conteúdo um conjunto de indicadores capazes de avaliar se os projetos e ações desenvolvidos para o turismo estão de acordo com os valores éticos sociais dos brasileiros.
A relação das competências empreendedoras e da conduta intraempreendedora no setor de serviços educacionais
Authors: Lana Jeferson , Orlandi Cledir , Camargo Márcio , Branco Marilise Aparecida , Lenzi Fernando Cesar
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste estudo é explicar a relação entre a conduta intraempreendedora, segundo Moriano; Topa; Valero e Lévy (2009), e suas competências empreendedoras, conforme a abordagem de Lenzi (2008), nos funcionários das unidades do Senac do estado de Santa Catarina. O referencial teórico apresenta os temas essenciais que se relacionam à problemática do estudo, quais sejam: empreendedorismo, competências empreendedoras e conduta intraempreendedora. Para a análise destas relações, a abordagem neste artigo de natureza aplicada foi majoritariamente quantitativa. As características do estudo o posicionam como de objetivo descritivo e os procedimentos técnicos adotados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, estudo de caso e a survey com questionário. Para tanto, utilizou-se as técnicas estatísticas Anova, Análise Fatorial e Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados demonstram que as competências mais comuns foram comprometimento, persistência e correr riscos calculados, e as menos frequentes busca de oportunidades e iniciativas e estabelecimento de metas. Com relação à conduta intraempreendedora, as análises evidenciam uma relação significativa e relevante para todos os construtos, exceto tempo disponível e incerteza nas tarefas. Por fim, as competências empreendedoras apresentaram forte correlação com os construtos do intraempreendedorismo.
Estratégia como prática: um estudo das práticas da ação estratégica no cluster de lojas comerciais da Rua das Noivas em São Paulo
Authors: Marietto Marcio Luiz , Sanches Cida
Published: January 2016

A Estratégia como Prática (S-as-P) coloca os estudos em Estratégia Organizacional sob uma nova perspectiva de se avaliar o fenômeno da atividade estratégica, agora, em uma visão sociológica de ontologia intersubjetiva que permeia os significados compartilhados pelos atores sociais nos diversos níveis da organização e entre as organizações. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de analisar como os atores sociais (proprietários-empreendedores, gerentes, vendedores e outros atores sociais) situados no Cluster de Lojas Comerciais da “Rua das Noivas” em São Paulo/Brasil interagem com o ambiente interno e externo para a formulação, implementação e execução das estratégias através da organização e entre as organizações, e como estas práticas socialmente imersas em um sistema de atividades, legitimadas ou não, influenciam a estrutura das unidades do cluster que, concomitantemente, os influencia e, assim, direciona-os para os resultados que promovem a durabilidade dinâmica e longitudinal das organizações deste Cluster. A pesquisa obedeceu aos pressupostos qualitativos de investigação etnográfica utilizando-se a ferramenta de gravação velada e evidenciando-se as dificuldades da pesquisa em campo. Os resultados demonstraram que parece ser pertinente inferir que o Strategizing acontece nas interações entre os atores sociais pertencentes ao Cluster e seus contextos institucionais de regras e recursos que restringem e ao mesmo tempo possibilitam a adaptação estrutural em multinível destes indivíduos, organizações e entidades presentes no Cluster na busca da legitimidade de suas atividades vinculadas à adaptação dinâmica de suas capacidades de compartilhamento de significados na consecução diária do Strategizing imerso no ambiente técnico-institucional dos rituais, cerimoniais e simbolismos da Instituição do Casamento.
Percepção de culpa no boicote de um bem de luxo
Authors: Cruz Breno De Paula Andrade , Ross Steven Dutt
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho discute a temática do boicote dos consumidores a partir de uma análise da ‘Percepção de Culpa’ como motivação para o boicote em três grupos: (i) calouros de Administração; (ii) Formandos de Administração; e (iii) alunos de Ciência da Computação. Para isso, são apresentadas duas hipóteses a serem testadas por meio do método experimento, tendo como sujeitos alunos dos dois cursos de uma universidade federal em Minas Gerais. H1 é a afirmação de que alunos formandos de Administração têm maior ‘Percepção de Culpa’ no boicote de um bem de luxo que alunos de Ciências da Computação. Já H2 é a afirmação de que alunos recém admitidos em um curso de Administração possuem a mesma média na ‘Percepção de Culpa’ no boicote de um bem de luxo que alunos de Ciência da Computação. Por meio de um experimento com 90 observações divididas em três diferentes grupos, observou-se que H1 foi aceita com p ≤ 0,05 e a H2 foi rejeitada no estudo. Isso demonstra que de fato alunos de Administração (calouros e veteranos) obtiveram maior ‘Percepção de Culpa’ como motivação para o boicote do que os alunos de Ciência da Computação em um contexto de responsabilidade social negativo de uma empresa fictícia. Estes resultados possibilitam entender que a abordagem de Responsabilidade Social Corporativa nas estruturas curriculares dos cursos de Administração vai para além do conhecimento teórico, sendo aplicadas na decisão de compra dos estudantes.
Como o microcrédito contribui para o desenvolvimento das MPEs? Estudo multicasos em empresas participantes do APL de confecção de Sergipe
Authors: Menezes Cassio Roberto Conceição , Filho Abimael Magno Do Ouro , De Santana José Ricardo
Published: January 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como o microcrédito tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento das micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs), particularmente, aquelas instaladas nos arranjos produtivos locais (APLs) de Itabaianinha e Tobias Barreto (SE). Para tanto, o estudo se caracteriza como exploratório-descritivo e o método de pesquisa foi o estudo de casos múltiplos. Os principais resultados indicam que o microcrédito tem sido uma importante estratégia financeira das MPEs utilizada em capital de giro e investimento. Observou-se também que o fato de as empresas estarem localizadas em um arranjo produtivo tem facilitado o acesso às instituições financeiras e, consequentemente, ao capital solicitado. Os resultados mostram ainda que o microcrédito tem refletido positivamente na expansão das atividades e no aumento das vendas dos empreendedores locais.
Considerações epistemológicas sobre a construção de preferências e os hábitos de consumo
Authors: Mondo Tiago Savi
Published: January 2016

Este documento tem como objetivo principal apresentar estudos sobre comportamento do consumidor, principalmente sobre a construção de preferências e os hábitos de consumo e sua relação com correntes e teorias científicas, configurando-se como uma análise epistemológica inicial sobre os estudos do comportamento do consumidor. Caracteriza-se como estudo exploratório/descritivo, teórico com pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Para o embasamento teórico dos estudos sobre comportamento do consumidor, construção de preferências e hábitos de consumo foram escolhidos os textos utilizados na disciplina de Comportamento do Consumidor do Curso de Doutorado em Administração da Harvard Business School, na Harvard University. Para o embasamento dos estudos sobre epistemologia da ciência e da administração, foram utilizados os textos da disciplina de Epistemologia dos Estudos Organizacionais do Curso de Doutorado em Administração da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. A análise foi realizada confrontando os textos sobre comportamento do consumidor e epistemologia. Além destes, utilizaram-se ensaios e textos sobre o conceito de habitus, por entender-se que é o pressuposto para a especificidade do hábito de consumo. Os textos de Bordieu, Durkeim, Aristóteles e de alguns pesquisadores das áreas da filosofia, epistemologia, psicologia e antropologia que discutiram essas ideias também foram utilizados. As análises apresentam os estudos de comportamento do consumidor como pertencentes a teoria da complexidade, percorrendo a história juntamente com o paradigma dominante e nos últimos anos atendendo à outras correntes epistemológicas.
Adaptação, validação e discussões da aplicação de uma escala de medida do potencial empreeendedor em universitários
Authors: Ferreira Ana Cristina , Alcântara Valderí De Castro , Freitas Fernanda Machado
Published: January 2016

Os empreendedores são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento de um país, já que estes impulsionam a economia através da inovação. No Brasil, em questão, surge a necessidade de as instituições de ensino incentivarem e “ensinarem” o empreendedorismo, já que é possível aprender a ser empreendedor. Neste contexto, ganha relevância a existência de instrumentos que possam mensurar o potencial empreendedor. Assim, o trabalho em questão buscou adaptar, validar e mensurar o potencial empreendedor dos alunos de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES), bem como analisar as implicações do perfil do aluno neste constructo, utilizado de uma escala em formato Likert composta de 30 itens. Para análise dos dados, utilizou de técnicas estatísticas destacando a análise fatorial exploratória com o método de extração dos componentes principais e rotação ortogonal varimax (varimax with kaiser normalization), coeficiente de confiabilidade Alfa de Cronbach e testes não paramétricos - Teste U de Mann-Whitney e o Teste de Kruskal-Wallis (k samples). O pacote estatístico utilizado foi o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 17.0). A análise fatorial extraiu 7 fatores – com alto valor de confiabilidade interna - que explicam 73,75% da variância total: “Planejamento, Metas e Controle” (3,66); “Intenção de empreender” (3,89); “Persistência” (4,44); “Oportunidade” (3,94); “Persuasão” (4,07); “Eficiência” (4,35) e “Informações” (4,36). Quanto aos fatores pessoais, não houve diferença significativa para nenhum dos itens: sexo (p=0,41); período (p=0,41); atividade profissional (p=0,23); curso (p=0,17); idade (p=0,82); renda (p=0,64); profissão do pai (p=0,38) e profissão da mãe (p=0,32). Sugere-se em pesquisas futuras utilizar do modelo em equações estruturais para confirmação da escala e com uma amostra mais diversificada de cursos.