bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algumas consideracoes sobre a inscricao em “lusitano” descoberta em Arronches
Authors: Cardim Ribeiro José
Published: December 2024

The A. focus the inscription in Lusitanian language recently found in Arronches (Portugal). From a direct analysis of the stela, he reviews its reading, presenting a new interpretation. This one considers that theonimic designations precede those of the sacrificial animals and not the opposite. The A. concludes that the invocative text is organized as followed: (a) a consecration to a “triform” goddess who receives three animals; (b) a “trifunctional” textual block devoted to three deities, culminating with Reva who receives tauro ifate; (c) a textual block devoted to Bandi and Munitie, the two main tutelary deities of the Galaico-Lusitanian area. Then, it follows the complementary text, which contains the personal names and the generic designation of the cultores — ougurani — as well as references to the ritualistic circumstances.
Els sistemes duals de les escriptures ibèriques
Authors: Ferrer i Jané Joan
Published: December 2024

En aquest treball s’analitzen les evidències que permeten pensar en l’existència als ss. IV-III aC de diverses variants de sistemes duals entre els ibers. Aquestes evidències són per una part les directes que procedeixen dels quatre signaris ibèrics nord-orientals coneguts: els dos edetans del Castellet de Bernabé (Llíria) i del Tos Pelat (Moncada), que presenten dualitats a totes vocals i alguns consonants contínues, amb seguretat f i s, i els dos ceretans de Bolvir i Ger, que aparentment només presenten les dualitats a les consonants velars i dentals. També s’analitzen les evidències indirectes que procedeixen de l’anàlisi de les inscripcions, on esporàdicament apareixen dualitats a les vocals, especialment de la vocal e a Llíria, i de la vibrant f. L’extensió de les dualitats a les consonants contínues al signari ibèric nord-oriental té el suport també de la presència de dualitats a la vibrant f, la nasal n i la sibilant s al signari ibèric sud-oriental.
STUDI LITERATUR TENTANG MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MEMBACA PERMULAAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA FLASHCARD
Authors: Zahra Aulia , Rafa Sajidah Raisa , Rakhman Patra Aghtiar
Published: December 2024

Fokus pada kajian dalam penelitian ini adalah penggunaan media flashcard terhadap peningkatan keterampilan membaca permulaan peserta didik terutama di kelas rendah. Adapun tahapan dalam memperoleh hasil dan pembahasan yang diinginkan sesuai dengan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) melalui 5 langkah tahapan yaitu: (1) membuat perumusan terlebih dahulu terhadap pertanyaan penelitian, (2) memetakan dan mencari artikel-artikel yang disesuaikan dengan pertanyaan penelitian yang didapat melalui web-web resmi yang tersedia, (3) melakukan klasifikasi dan evaluasi dengan menyeleksi terhadap artikel-artikel yang sudah dikumpulkan, (4) menyajikan dan mengolah data, (5) menginterpretasi  hasil temuan dalam artikel-artikel tersebut yang akan berakhir pada penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran sangat penting dalam meningkatkan keterampilan membaca dengan menggunakan media flashcard ini, serta dapat meningkatkan semangat belajar peserta didik.
Enhancing Students' Trust in Peer Feedback: The Critical Role of the Preparation Phase
Authors: AIT TALEB Abdelaziz
Published: December 2024

Feedback plays a pivotal role in language acquisition and writing skill development. Despite its effectiveness in some contexts, traditional teacher-to-student assessment faces considerable limitations, particularly in large higher education classrooms where personalized feedback is scarce. In such settings, peer feedback has emerged as a viable and promising alternative. However, student scepticism towards its effectiveness presents a significant obstacle to its broader adoption. Negative attitudes, often rooted in doubts about peers’ competence or the value of their comments, can undermine the potential benefits of peer review. This paper revisits the findings of a quasi-experimental study conducted among 60 first-year students at Ibn Zohr University in Agadir, Morocco, which examined the impact of peer reviewing on writing development. A follow-up survey was employed to assess participants’ levels of trust in the feedback provided by peers. Based on the findings of this survey and their implications within the context of the study, this paper aims to offer pedagogical recommendations for improving the adoption and success of peer feedback through initial peer review training. Effective trust-building strategies are discussed, focusing on two fundamental types: communication trust and competence trust.
Assessing Employers’ Satisfaction with Marist education among Business Graduates of Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), Philippines
Authors: - Jennifer S. Era , - Rean May C. Galang
Published: December 2024

Marist education is an educational approach that emphasizes the holistic development of students’ academic competence, character, and cultural sensitivity. This study assessed the satisfaction of various organizations’ and companies’ employers towards the Business graduates of an institution offering Marist education, Notre Dame of Marbel University (NDMU), and identified competencies and skills that influence satisfaction. The study was participated by company owners, managers, and supervisors of private and government establishments in Region XII, Philippines. The data were analyzed and interpreted using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results revealed that NDMU Business graduates possess a very high level of professional knowledge and a high level of professional skills. They also exhibit a very high level of non-professional competencies in terms of their values, interpersonal skills, and work attitude. Overall, employers are very highly satisfied with the work quality, quantity, efficiency, and organizational performance of the NDMU Business graduates. This implies that the University is able to produce graduates who are highly competent and meet the standard of the industry. Among the competencies identified, it became evident that knowledge, values, and work attitude can significantly influence employers’ satisfaction with business graduates of NDMU. The findings of the study can help educational institutions tailor their programs to better meet the demands of the industry. Data-driven studies can provide quantifiable data needed for making decisions to ensure graduates are well-prepared, relevant, and competitive.
Endemic Plant Species of India: Challenges and Conservation Strategies
Authors: - Dr. Deepika Lodha , - Dr. Nitika Singh
Published: December 2024

India is home to a rich diversity of endemic plant species, many of which face severe threats due to habitat destruction, climate change, and unsustainable human activities. This paper explores the current status of endemic plant species in India, highlights the challenges they face, and proposes conservation strategies. India boasts a significant number of endemic species, with many of them listed as threatened, underscoring the urgency for effective conservation. Habitat loss, primarily driven by urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation, is a major contributor to this decline. Climate change further exacerbates these threats, altering species distributions and accelerating the loss of suitable habitats. The paper discusses various conservation approaches, including in situ and ex situ methods, along with the importance of local community involvement in conservation efforts. Technological innovations such as GIS and satellite monitoring have proven to be instrumental in mapping biodiversity hotspots and enhancing conservation efforts. Policy frameworks like the Biological Diversity Act of 2002 have laid a foundation for species protection, but stronger enforcement and broader initiatives are needed. Finally, the paper outlines future directions for conservation, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches that combine technology, research, policy, and community participation. The survival of India's endemic plant species is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and safeguarding biodiversity for future generations.
Impact of Social Media and Anxiety among College Students
Authors: - Sareema reyaz , - Anmol Tiwari , - Tanisha Agarwal , - Himanshu Kumar Srivastava , - Janki Kumari , - Yukti Sharma
Published: December 2024

This study aims explore the relationship between social media use and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) among students. A sample of 76 participants aged 18 to 25 was assessed using two standardized tools: the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, which measures the severity of anxiety, and the Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS), designed to quantify the extent of social media dependency. Data analysis revealed a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.330, with a p-value of 0.004, indicating a moderate positive correlation between social media addiction and anxiety. These findings suggest that higher levels of social media addiction are significantly associated with increased anxiety symptoms. The results imply that students who exhibit addictive behaviours related to social media are more likely to experience anxiety, potentially due to factors such as constant connectivity, social comparison, and fear of missing out (FOMO). Given the moderate correlation, this study underscores the importance of addressing excessive social media use as a factor in mental health interventions. The findings call for the development of strategies that can help students manage their social media habits and reduce the psychological distress associated with its overuse. Future research could further investigate the causality of this relationship and examine additional variables, such as self-esteem, emotional regulation, or sleep patterns, that may mediate the link between social media addiction and anxiety. Keywords: Social Media Use, Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Challenges in Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: - JEVIROBINSON JAYARAJ
Published: December 2024

Effective wastewater operation and maintenance are critical for ensuring sustainable water management and protecting public health and the environment. However, these systems face numerous challenges, including equipment durability issues, frequent breakdowns in treatment systems, regulatory compliance pressures, and the impacts of climate change. Financial constraints, such as limited budgets and the high costs of advanced technologies, further exacerbate these issues, while human resource challenges, such as skill gaps and inadequate training, hinder operational efficiency. This research paper explores these challenges in detail, drawing on real-world case studies from leading wastewater treatment companies and municipalities worldwide. Innovative solutions, including the adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and decentralized wastewater treatment systems, are analyzed as potential pathways to address these hurdles. The findings underscore the need for comprehensive strategies that integrate technology, skilled workforce development, and adaptive policy frameworks to improve wastewater management. This paper also highlights the disparities between developed and developing nations in addressing these challenges and provides actionable insights for future improvements.
The Relevance of Source Credibility Theory on Purchase Intention in the Field the of Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: - Pernika Sharma , - Ankur Jha
Published: December 2024

Purpose: the purpose of this paper is to explore the current stage of knowledge on the theory of source credibility and analyse the usage of the source credibility theory to learn about customer purchase intention in the marketing field. This paper analyses to what extent and in what ways source credibility theory and the concept of source credibility are used to learn about customer purchase intention. Further, we know that the theory can further be extended or added to the current theory by adding the concept of receiver credibility and messenger credibility to know about credibility and its impact on purchase intention.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review is used to identify helpful research articles from 3 major databases i.e. SCOPUS, APA Psyc Articles, and EBSCO. 20 journal articles are extracted after a careful review of 143 articles through the systematic review process of PRISMA.
Findings: The conceptual model design defines purchase intention as the credibility of three sources, i.e., source credibility, message credibility, and receiver credibility. The source's credibility is further dependent on expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness. In contrast, message credibility is majorly defined with the help of argument quality and completeness, and receiver credibility can be defined through the receiver's attitude, emotional attachment and social influence.
Originality/value: the study will help understand source credibility theory and how source credibility helps influence customer purchase intentions. This will help marketers in product development or servicing design, enhancing customer purchase intention by triggering source credibility.
user generated content in the context of autonomous AI analysis of comparative sstudy of copyright law in the US and India
Authors: - Vidhya lakshmi V , - Arunachala muthulingam U
Published: December 2024

In today’s rapidly evolving tech landscape, social media’s exponential growth has revolutionized how people create, share, and engage with content. User-generated content (UGC) has become a key part of social networking, empowering individuals to showcase their creativity. However, it also raises significant legal concerns, particularly around copyright. Intellectual property rights and potential copyright infringement issues have become more complex as vast amounts of content are shared publicly across diverse platforms. This paper examines the current state of copyright law in the digital era, focusing on major legal frameworks such as the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) in the United States and the Copyright Act of 1957 in India. These frameworks aim to regulate the sharing and protection of online content, though they also face criticism regarding their effectiveness in safeguarding rights while promoting free expression and digital culture. By analyzing these laws, this study seeks to highlight the gap between protecting copyright holders’ rights and fostering a digital space conducive to innovation. Ultimately, the paper argues that while existing laws provide a foundation, they need to evolve to accommodate the unique demands of digital content sharing, balancing creators’ rights with the public interest.
युद्ध में स्त्री पर बर्बरता ( मुद्राराक्षस लिखित युद्ध कहानी से )
Authors: - KATUVA VINOD MALSHI
Published: December 2024

Abstract (सारांश)

स्त्री पर बर्बरता (मुद्रा राक्षस लिखित युद्ध कहानी के) लेख सुभाष चंद्र आर्य द्वारा स्त्री के प्रति ऐतिहासिक और साहित्यिक दृष्टिकोण का विश्लेषण प्रस्तुत करता है। इसमें मुद्रा राक्षस की युद्धकथाओं में महिलाओं पर होने वाले अत्याचार, उनकी स्थिति और संघर्षों का अध्ययन किया गया है। यह लेख ऐतिहासिक संदर्भों में महिलाओं के प्रति सामाजिक असमानता, शोषण और हिंसा की घटनाओं को उजागर करता है, जो न केवल तत्कालीन समाज का प्रतिबिंब है बल्कि आज के समाज के लिए भी एक सीख है।
आर्य का यह लेख साहित्यिक स्रोतों के माध्यम से स्त्रियों की पीड़ा और साहस का वर्णन करता है, साथ ही यह इस बात पर जोर देता है कि महिलाओं के प्रति हिंसा और असमानता किसी भी युग के समाज के नैतिक मूल्यों पर गहरा प्रभाव डालती है। यह शोध स्त्री विमर्श और साहित्यिक आलोचना के क्षेत्र में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान है, जो प्राचीन साहित्य और आधुनिक समाज के बीच सेतु का कार्य करता है।
AI in Network Infrastructure: Transforming Telecommunications with Intelligent Systems
Authors: - Ramanathan Sekkappan
Published: December 2024

AI technologies are drastically changing the backbone of telecommunications networks and bringing
unheard-of security, network management, and optimization capabilities. From dynamic resource
allocation to predictive maintenance and intelligent traffic management, this article shows how artificial
intelligence and machine learning technologies are being used to solve important problems in modern
telecommunications. By means of a thorough investigation of AI-driven solutions, this article shows that
technologies are offering real-time network optimization, automatic threat identification, and improved
service dependability while drastically lowering operating costs. While addressing important technical
issues and operational considerations, the conversation covers pragmatic solutions across several network
domains, including 5G infrastructure, edge computing, and autonomous networking systems. Examining
real-world case studies and developing trends helps this article show how artificial intelligence is not only
transforming present network operations but also opening the path for future telecommunications
innovations, enabling more resilient, efficient, and intelligent network infrastructure that can adapt to
changing technological demand and user expectations.
Entrepreneurship in Indian Higher Education: Preparing Students for a Start-up Economy
Authors: - Pradnya Vaman Nagvekar
Published: December 2024

Entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth and innovation, particularly in India, which boasts one of the world's most dynamic start-up ecosystems. Indian higher education institutions are increasingly tasked with fostering entrepreneurial mindsets and skills to equip students for success in a start-up-driven economy. This shift aligns with national priorities, including initiatives like Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, aimed at promoting self-reliance and job creation.
Despite the potential, Indian higher education faces challenges in embedding entrepreneurship as a core component of curricula. Traditional pedagogical models often emphasize rote learning, leaving limited room for the experiential and interdisciplinary approaches necessary for entrepreneurial education. However, a growing number of universities and colleges are now incorporating innovation hubs, start-up incubators, and entrepreneurship-focused courses. These initiatives aim to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, providing students with hands-on experience in problem-solving, risk-taking, and business development.
The role of government and private stakeholders is pivotal in this transformation. Partnerships with industries, mentorship programs, and access to venture capital are critical enablers for fostering a vibrant start-up culture within academic settings. Furthermore, integrating entrepreneurial education with digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, prepares students to navigate emerging economic landscapes effectively.
As India continues to prioritize start-up-led growth, the entrepreneurial orientation of its higher education system will play a decisive role in producing future-ready graduates. By embedding entrepreneurship into their core missions, educational institutions can nurture a generation of innovators capable of addressing societal challenges and contributing to economic resilience. The convergence of education, innovation, and policy support will be instrumental in sustaining India’s position as a global start-up hub.
Securing Privacy in Cloud Computing: A Technical and Regulatory Perspective
Authors: - Davinder Pal Singh
Published: December 2024

The fast acceptance of cloud computing technologies has drastically changed organizational data management techniques and presented difficult problems at the junction of technical innovation and regulatory compliance. Focusing on important frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA, this article explores cloud systems' changing terrain of data privacy rules. It analyzes their implications for organizational compliance strategies. Using a thorough examination of technological needs, shared responsibility models, and implementation issues, the companies negotiate the complex equilibrium between using cloud capabilities and preserving strong data privacy protections. This article presents industry practices, legal criteria, and new technical solutions to offer a foundation for comprehending and handling cloud privacy compliance issues. The results underline the crucial need for a complete approach to cloud privacy governance, including corporate policies, operational practices, and technology controls. This article adds to the growing corpus of knowledge on cloud privacy compliance by providing an analysis of successful approaches for controlling data privacy in ever more complicated cloud systems.
Natural killer cells as promising candidates in Cancer therapeutics and related immune resistance in tumor microenvironment
Authors: - Prachi Malik
Published: December 2024

Natural killer (NK) cells, as critical components of the innate immune system, have emerged as promising candidates in cancer therapy due to their ability to recognize and destroy tumor cells without prior sensitization. Their mechanisms of action, including perforin-granzyme release and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), position them as versatile agents in cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-NK cells and cytokine-based stimulation, have demonstrated enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects compared to conventional immunotherapies. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a significant obstacle, imposing challenges like immune checkpoint activation, cytokine suppression, and metabolic constraints that impair NK cell activity. This paper explores the therapeutic potential of NK cells, the challenges of immune resistance in the TME, and emerging strategies to enhance NK cell efficacy. Addressing these challenges is crucial for optimizing NK cell-based treatments and achieving durable responses in cancer patients.
Achieving Interoperability Between the University of Ghana Medical Centre's Electronic Health Records and RXclaims System
Authors: - Richard Aggrey , - Afeti Cudjoe , - Nana Adwoa Dsane , - Bright Ansah  Adjei , - Karl Osei Afoduo
Published: December 2024

This paper examines and identifies the difficulties and probable solutions for leveraging the implementation of Electronic Health Records with the RXclaims system. Therefore, based on the analysis of technical dissimilarities, data standardisation problems, and difficulties in interaction between two crucial systems, the purpose is to bring two systems together. We examine standards and protocols related to Health Level Seven (HL7) and Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) and use case studies and practical experience to refine the integration. Consequently, this research aims at improving patient outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and increasing the efficiency of health care delivery resulting from interoperability between Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and insurance systems.
Educational Disparities in Rural Areas: Analyzing Challenges and Developing Strategic Improvements
Authors: - Shaheen Ayaiz Rather
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite the fact that rural education is a worthy and essential endeavour, it is fraught with difficulties and obstructions that often block the path towards forward movement that is sustainable. Having their origins in geographical, socioeconomic, and institutional considerations, these obstacles are not only difficult to overcome but also diverse. There are a number of initiatives that can help bridge the gap and ensure that students from rural areas have an equal opportunity to succeed academically and beyond. Some of these initiatives include increasing funding for rural schools, improving access to technology, offering incentives for teachers to work in rural areas, and expanding community-based programs. In recent years, India has made significant strides in improving access to education; yet, there is still a significant distance to go, particularly in rural regions. It is difficult for kids to study efficiently at many rural schools because they lack basic amenities such as classrooms, furniture, and clean drinking water. This makes it difficult for pupils to gain knowledge. It has been determined that training programs and capacity development are essential for educators, administrators, and members of the community in order to guarantee the effective execution of various projects, including safety measures, community engagement plans, and other initiatives. In order to solve the complicated challenges that rural schools are confronted with, it is regarded vital to have a collaborative effort from a number of different stakeholders. These stakeholders include government agencies, non-governmental organisations, educators, and various members of the local community. Establish regular routes via which parents, students, and instructors may submit feedback, taking examples from other educational systems that have shown to be successful in providing responses to input.
A District-Level Analysis of Antenatal Care Utilization in Jharkhand using Sopher’s Disparity Index during COVID-19
Authors: - Zainul Abedin , - Dr. Asif
Published: December 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic was a litmus test for the health care across the world. In almost each and every corner the impact could be seen particularly in health sector and among vulnerable populations. Women are one of the highly vulnerable populations with poor health indicators and deprived of basic health care services in India. The impact of the COVID 19 would be much higher among them than any other sections of the society because of Lockdown and inadequate and poor health care services for them in India. Therefore, this study was conducted to know spatio-temporal aspects of Maternal Healthcare Services during COVID 19 in districts of Jharkhand through National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 and NFHS-5. Sopher’s Disparity was used to study inter-district disparities in maternal health in Jharkhand. The analysis of Sopher's disparity index for antenatal care (ANC) indicators in Jharkhand before and after the COVID-19 pandemic highlights significant inter-district inequalities in maternal healthcare utilization. While districts such as Latehar, Simdega, and Paschimi Singhbhum demonstrated notable progress and equitable access to services, others like Koderma, Dhanbad, and Deoghar faced considerable challenges across multiple ANC indicators, including early registration, completion of four ANC visits, neonatal tetanus protection, and folic acid supplementation. The most important lesson we have learnt during the present pandemic as well as the past pandemics is that investing in preparedness can cost little and could save millions of lives.
Grade 10 Students’ Lived Experiences of Learning English in Congested Classrooms
Authors: - Geralyn T. Familgan
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to understand the experiences of grade 10 students in learning English in a congested classroom. This qualitative study utilized a phenomenological research design to gather the data, employing in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD). There were 14 participants in this study: 7 for IDI and 7 for FGD. This study is gleaned through Edward Lazear’s Economic Theory of Class Size, which states that how class size affects learning outcomes varies according to the behaviors of learners. Participants’ experiences revealed five themes, which include a distractive learning environment, having limited time, failure to enhance English macro skills, difficulty in accomplishing group tasks, and difficulty in classroom management. From their coping strategies, four themes emerged: motivating oneself, developing study habits, encouraging others to speak in English, and consulting English teachers and parents. Meanwhile, five major themes emerged from the insights of the participants, which emphasized that learning English in a congested classroom requires skilled teachers, asks for curriculum enhancement, calls for a limited classroom population, and needs a conducive learning environment. Results implied that English teachers’ competence in inculcating language learning to the learners who are victims of struggles in congested classrooms is important. Thus, equal and sufficient distribution of learning and attention is encouraged despite the challenges of time scarcity and classroom congestion. Also, it was recommended that future researchers explore the enhancement of English macro skills in a congested classroom and the advantages and disadvantages of block scheduling in secondary schools.
The Performance of Indian Banking Share Market
Authors: - Neha Nupoor , - Sandeep Kumar
Published: December 2024

The performance of the Indian banking share market reflects the sector's critical role in the country's economic growth and its response to macroeconomic and policy shifts. Over the years, banking stocks have emerged as key drivers of the equity market, influenced by economic cycles, reforms, and market sentiment. Indian banking stocks have shown strong performance due to increasing credit demand, digital transformation, and financial inclusion initiatives. Private sector banks, such as HDFC Bank and ICICI Bank, have consistently outperformed due to better asset quality, customer-centric strategies, and technology adoption. Public sector banks (PSBs), after struggling with high non-performing assets (NPAs), have seen improvements due to recapitalization and bad loan resolutions. The COVID-19 pandemic initially led to a decline in banking stocks due to fears of loan defaults and an economic slowdown. However, post-pandemic recovery, supported by fiscal stimulus and accommodative policies from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), revitalized the sector. The Russia-Ukraine conflict, inflationary pressures, and global monetary tightening caused temporary volatility but did not derail the sector's long-term growth trajectory. Despite challenges such as rising interest rates and geopolitical uncertainties, Indian banks have displayed resilience. The sector’s strong fundamentals, improved balance sheets, and focus on innovation continue to attract domestic and foreign investors. In summary, the Indian banking share market has delivered robust performance, driven by a blend of strong economic fundamentals, sectoral reforms, and increasing investor confidence.
Breast Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: - Saritha Kondapally
Published: December 2024

Breast Cancer Prediction Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Comparative Study of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Naïve Bayes (NB) evaluates the performance of two machine learning algorithms—Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and Naïve Bayes (NB)—in predicting breast cancer. By leveraging both continuous and discrete datasets, we compare the predictive accuracy and error rates of these algorithms. The findings show that ANN achieves a higher accuracy of 98%, outperforming NB (92%) in breast cancer detection. This paper also explores how discrete datasets enhance the overall forecasting performance of machine learning models and offers insights into the choice of algorithms for medical predictions.
Analysing Historical Paintings with Indian Regional Influences
Authors: - Bijan Debnath
Published: December 2024

Abstract: Indian paintings have a long and illustrious history that is firmly rooted in the history of Indian art. Even though there aren't many surviving early examples due to the difficult climate, the importance of paintings has persisted throughout the ancient, mediaeval, and modern periods. Indian paintings' origins can be traced back to the prehistoric era, starting with the age-old art of painting in caves.

Ceramics, textiles, miniature paintings, and other media have all contributed to this rich legacy's evolution before ultimately finding expression in contemporary artistic forms. Indian painting's history, from the mysterious cave paintings to the fine details of miniature paintings, captures the spirit of the country's creative and cultural development and represents a significant trip through time.

As evidenced by the remains found in caves and other textual sources, painting has been a popular art form in India since prehistoric times. The two main categories of Indian paintings are miniatures and murals. Books, paper, and linen are used for miniature paintings, whereas murals are massive pieces painted on walls and ceilings.
The evolution of Indian art is a continuous process, resulting from the blending of various traditions. Indian painting has managed to hold onto its unique style while embracing contemporary trends.
Elaborando o jantar para todes: atividades-matemáticas-não-exclusivas-com-tecnologias-digitais, como pensá-las?
Authors: Catarina Evelyn dos Santos , Rosa Maurício
Published: December 2024

Este artigo investiga as concepções de uma pesquisadora sobre como atividades-matemáticas-não-exclusivas-com-Tecnologias-Digitais podem ser produzidas por professoras/professories/professores que ensinam matemática. Para isso, por meio de um recorte da pesquisa qualitativa que desenvolvemos, trazemos à tona a narrativa proveniente de uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada com uma pesquisadora da área de Educação Matemática e Inclusão, revelando sua concepção sobre a produção desse tipo de atividade. Nesse contexto, teoricamente sustentamos a investigação no conceito da diferença, na ideia de Desenho Universal para Aprendizagem (DUA), na dimensão tecnológica da Cyberformação e no conceito de exclusão/inclusão. Como resultados, indicamos que a abordagem das Tecnologias Digitais (TD), que podem favorecer a não-exclusão, desde que o “jantar” seja para todas/todes/todos, ou seja, que atividades-matemáticas-não-exclusivas-com-TD sejam pensadas sob a ótica das pessoas que precisam, iniciando pelas necessidades entendidas de forma equânime para as pessoas ditas com deficiência.
Photogrammetry. Practical application in Archaeology : Scientific and Public Perspectives
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Yeredenko Liubov
Published: December 2024

The article is the result of the 2024 qualification work by the author, a student of the Department of Archaeology and Museology at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The theoretical part about photogrammetry, which is based on the study of foreign and domestic historiography on the subject, is briefly presented in the introduction and the section «About Photogrammetry».
In the introduction, the author raises the issue of proper documentation: both traditional and new methods. The objectivity of archaeological drawing and photography is discussed, as well as the striking difference between 2D and 3D images in terms of the amount and quality of preserved information about the object. The section «About Photogrammetry» briefly outlines the history of photogrammetry and its increasing use in archaeological research. Photogrammetry is compared with laser scanning systems, and the advantages of combining these methods are examined.
The sections «Practical Experience» and «Results» display the achievements of a workshop on artifact scanning using the photogrammetry method. With the support of the non-governmental organization «Scientific and Research Lab ‘Archaїc’,» a small catalogue of artifacts was created. The experience was step-by-step and thoroughly described in this article. The results section specifies the potential for using the obtained models for future scientific purposes – both for analysis and for preserving at least digital copies in emergencies. The use of 3D models by activists for promoting and protecting the heritage site is also demonstrated.
The conclusions summarize the findings and bring out the main theme of the work – the importance of protecting the Kytaiv Archaeological Complex, its place and significance in the cultural life and archaeology of Kyiv, the capital of Ukraine; the importance of developing archaeological documentation; and the importance of representing academic science to the public through dialogue, including the publication of materials such as 3D models.
Key words: photogrammetry, 3D scanning, monument protection, Kytaiv Archaeological Complex, digitalization of archaeological sites.
Archaeological research and the problem of protection of archaeological objects (on the example of Stone Age sites of Odesa region)
Authors:   Odesa Archeological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Pistruil Ihor , Syzov Mykhailo ,   Department of Housing and Communal Services, Improvement and Land Relations, Znamianska Rural Territorial Community
Published: December 2024

The paper investigates different aspects of the problem of localization of Stone Age sites in the vicinity of Chervonoznamenka village (Ivanovka district of Odessa region). The sites were discovered in 1960-s by V.I. Kraskovskyi. In total, V.I. Kraskovskyi opened six sites in this region (Katarzhyno, Tsybulivka, Tsybulivka І-ІV). According to V.I Kraskovskyi, the sites are located on small promontories of the right bank of the Malyi Kuialnyk River, about 2 km from the village Znamyanka. In this place, the river is blocked by a dam, as a result of which a rather large reservoir was formed.
In 2007-2010, the author conducted research in this region. However, it turned out to be quite difficult to localize the locations of the sites discovered by V.I. Kraskovskyi.
The problem was that in the 50 years since V.I. Kraskovskyi’s research, the area had become overgrown with trees and bushes. In addition, a railroad was laid here in the 60s. As a result, considerable excavation work was carried out. Thus, all the Stone Age sites that were discovered as a result of the 2007-2010 surveys were given new names (Katarzhyno 1-5). During these years, the author conducted excavations in a small area at the Katarzhyno 1 and Katarzhyno 2 sites. As a result of the research, flint products and fragments of pottery were found at the sites. This made it possible to date the sites to the Neolithic era. An additional survey of the region was conducted in 2020. At that time, it was found that trees and shrubs had grown even more. In this regard, it was not possible to establish GPS coordinates of the sites. Therefore, the locations of the campsites were recorded on Google maps.
However, a mistake was made when registering these sites in the databases. And now, in all documents it is stated that these sites are located on the cape, which is formed as a result of the confluence of the Malyi and Serednii Kuialnyk rivers. And no one will correct documentation with errors that have been approved by many authorities. This leads to the loss of various, including unique, archaeological complexes for science and society.
Key words: North-Western Black Sea region, Stone Age, settlement/site, protection of cultural heritage.
Peculiarities of spatial behaviour among bearers of the Mezhyrichian Upper Palaeolithic tradition
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Shydlovskyi Pavlo , Gladkikh Mykhailo ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: December 2024

Sites of Mezhyrichian tradition of the Middle Dnieper Epigravettian provide critical insights into the seasonal mobility and functional use of space by prehistoric communities. The study of the Dwelling 4 at the Mezhyrich settlement has unveiled distinct patterns in the organization of living space, particularly concerning the placement of functionally diverse objects within and around mammoth bone dwellings.
An analysis of the interior of the fourth dwelling reveals a clear differentiation of economic activities across different sections of the space. This functional variation within the dwelling suggests diverse aspects of social life, potentially including gender roles and economic specialization. The spatial arrangement of household assemblages demonstrates a pronounced symmetry, with objects systematically arranged around a central hearth and oriented according to the cardinal points. This centralized spatial organization is evident not only at the individual settlement level but also across the broader micro-region, reflected in the relationship between major settlements with monumental architecture and temporary summer camps.
The analysis of site layouts, along with the spatial and topographical positioning of Middle Dnieper settlements, provides compelling evidence of the regularity and symmetry in the behaviour of Epigravettian society. Seasonal mobility played a crucial role in shaping worldviews, which were expressed through the spatial arrangement of objects and the creation of «landscape ornament» by these prehistoric inhabitants. Ornamentation in art, architecture, and the placement of anthropogenic objects signifies the process of humanization, the domestication of space, and the symbolic mastery of the landscape. These phenomena were vital tools for the psychological adaptation of groups to the conditions of the late Würm Glacial, ensuring resilience in a changing environment.
Key words: hunter-gatherers, Upper Palaeolithic, Eastern Epigravettian, Mezhyrich culture, archaeological site, spatial analysis.
Settlements and hillforts of the Zarubinets culture of the Cherkasy region
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Rudenko Sofiia ,   The National Museum of the History of Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Sites of the Zarubinets culture of the Cherkasy region constitute the southern part of the Middle Dnieper local version of this culture. In the article, a brief historiographical review of the vestiges is carried out: their topography, chronology, classification and state of study are considered.
The article presents a concise catalogue of Zarubynets settlements and hillforts located in Cherkasy region. Among them are 13 settlements and 10 hillforts.
The general chronological boundaries of the culture constitute in III/II cent. B.C. – I cent. A.D. The sites considered in the work represent all stages of cultural development: early – 3rd – 1st cent. B.C., middle – 1st cent. B.C. – the end of the 1st cent. A.D., late – middle of the 1st cent. B.C. – the end of the 2nd cent. A.D. Since the last period (the second half of the 1st – the 2nd cent. AD) is currently considered by most researchers to be the time of the existence of late Zarubinets vestiges, we can consider the late stage of the «classical» Zarubinets culture precisely from the middle/end of the 1st cent. B. C. – the end of the 1st cent. A.D. E.V. Maksimov identified two types of settlements of the Middle Dnieper variant of the Zarubinets culture based on topography: sites located on capes, and located in floodplains, supraflood terraces or slopes.
The article considers the settlement near the villages Moshny, Mezhyrich, Zalevky, Zhabotyn, Orlovets, the Cherkasy city of the Cherkasy district; hillforts near the village Buchak, Subotiv, Sakhnivka, Trakhtemiriv, the cities of Kaniv, Cherkasy of the Cherkasy district. In contrast to the burial grounds of the Zarubinets culture, the study of settlements began exclusively in the period after the end of the Second World War. Most of the settlements and hillforts are known only from reconnaissance materials. Systematic excavations by E.V. Maksimov investigated only three hillforts: Pylypenkova Hill, Babyna Hill, and Monastyrok. During the last decades, stationary excavations of settlements were not carried out. Obviously, the mentioned sites existed throughout the entire chronological period of the development of the Zarubinets culture, i.e., during the III/II centuries B.C. – I century A.D.
In order to obtain new information about the settlement sites of the Zarubinets culture, it is necessary to conduct a new stage of research using new methods and technologies.
Key words: Zarubinets culture, Middle Dnieper variant, settlement, hillfort, chronology.
Cognitive possibilities of studying pigments on stone artefacts
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ryzhov Serhii , Tysliuk Victoriia ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: December 2024

Palaeolithic stone artifacts reflect traces of human activity and spatio-temporal natural modifications. The study of stone artifacts and the development of modern technologies serve as an impetus for the development of new methods of reconstruction of the prehistoric past. Findings of the remains of natural dyes have always attracted the special attention of researchers, because it is traditionally believed that such finds rather reflect symbolic and social behaviour, interpreted according to numerous ethnographic and archaeological sources.
Numerous finds of the use of ochre pigments as various dyes and unmodified nodules, which in most cases are interpreted by researchers as a display of symbolic behaviour, are recorded at Palaeolithic sites on the territory of Ukraine. Recent microscopic studies of the ochre pigments and use-wear analysis on the stone artifacts from the Late Acheulean site of Zaskelna IX (Crimea) allowed researchers to hypothesize the use of ochre as one from the components of the adhesive mixture for clamping the artifacts in the handle, which was composed of hides and plants. Taking into account the personal experience of studying ochre pigments on stone artifacts, the authors highlight the main stages and research methods that can be used to reproduce the hominins behavioural activities in prehistory.
In the process of researching the ochre pigments on the stone artifacts originating from the cultural layer, there is a need to distinguish successive stages to study the surface: archeomineralogical, technological and residue analysis, use-wear analysis, and conducting an experiment. Non-destructive methods of studying the surface of a stone artifact are of great importance on the study of the composition of organic and inorganic compounds by modern methods of spectrometry.
Key words: ochre pigments, residue analysis, stone artifacts, Palaeolithic, territory of Ukraine.
The Legal and Organizational Aspects of Crisis Management in the Single European Sky
Authors: Markiewicz Marek Telesfor
Published: December 2024

Crisis situations in civil aviation pose a serious threat to the safe operation of aviation stakeholders (airports, airlines, air navigation service providers) as well as to passengers using air transport. Therefore, there is a need for an aviation crisis management system that identifies threats, assesses the risk of their occurrence and takes preventive action. The purpose of this paper is to present the determinants of air traffic crisis management in the European Air Traffic Management Network (EATMN). This paper analyses the evolution of this process from the perspective of the EU Single European Sky (SES) legislation. The author also presents lessons learned from the crisis situation that have occurred in European airspace over the last two decades and emphasizes the role of the Network Manager (NM) in resolving them. This article has been developed using a combination of research on EU aviation legislation and background documents and the case study method.
Accidents, Aviation Incidents, Acts of Terror and Other Dangers in Aviation
Authors: Mendala Jacek , Mendala Oliwier
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to show the relationship between international, EU and national laws, assuming primarily the nature of public and international law in the field of air traffic safety, the entities and their tasks implementing aviation safety regulations and procedures, along with a discussion of the basic concepts that allow the distinction and qualification of a given event to a specific category, along with the procedures to be undertaken by the state bodies empowered to do so. This article also reveals the issues of cooperation and exchange of information between the authorities of signatory states and the authorities of international organizations such as the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), as well as between a European Union member state and EU authorities. It also points out the responsibilities of airport operators and third parties witnessing aviation incidents.