bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORANGE G DYE-BINDING CAPACITY AND TOTAL N CONTENT OF SIX GRASS SPECIES
Authors: SMITH A. D. , LUTWICK L. E.
Published: March 2010

Six grass species were grown at four levels of N fertilizer and harvested at three stages of maturity. Two methods were used to estimate the protein content of the grasses: the Orange G dye-binding capacity and total N content. Values from the two methods were correlated to show the relationships between the two methods when species, levels of N fertilizer, and stages of maturity varied. The correlations between Orange G dye-binding capacity and total N were linear, positive, and highly significant. The variation about the regression lines was greatest when total N content was greater than 2.5% of plant dry weight; this condition was especially marked at early heading stage and high rates of N fertilizer. The precise relationships also varied among species. The Orange G dye-binding method for determining protein content is satisfactory for grasses where the total N content of the grass does not exceed 2.5%, but is not satisfactory for grasses with higher total N contents.
EFFECTS OF RATE AND DEPTH OF APPLICATION OF NEMATICIDE ON NEMATODE VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION AND TOMATO PRODUCTION IN A SANDY LOAM GREENHOUSE SOIL
Authors: JOHNSON P. W.
Published: March 2010

The application of D-D (1,3-dichloropropene and 1,2-dichloropropane) to greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ground beds at 494 liters/ha (44 imp gal/acre) 20 cm below the soil surface or in split-depth applications of 247 liters/ha (22 imp gal/acre) 20 and 45 cm below the soil surface resulted in deeper control of the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, than a standard application of 247 liters/ha 20 cm below the soil surface. It did not, however, increase the length of the control period sufficiently to protect more than one crop, nor significantly (P = 0.01) increase fruit production over that obtained with the lower rate. Following three successive cropping periods, during which the high rate and split-depth applications were made before the first crop only whereas the lower rate was applied before each of the first two crops, the size and vertical distribution of the nematode populations in all plots were similar through all soil depths from 0 to 150 cm.
EFFECTS OF RAPESEED OIL AS AN ADDITIVE WITH CERTAIN HERBICIDE TREATMENTS
Authors: WARRINGTON NORMAN H. , CORNS WM. G.
Published: March 2010

Various herbicides were sprayed alone and with unrefined oil from rapeseed (Brassica campestris L.) mainly at 10% concentration in the spray solution. Triton X-363 M non-ionic emulsifier (5% vol/vol) was mixed with the oil before addition to the herbicide solution. Emulsified oil alone was not toxic to the species of crops and weeds examined in growth chamber and field experiments. In the growth chamber and greenhouse, oil added to chloroxuron (3-(p(p-chlorophenoxy) phenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea greatly increased its toxicity to green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) and to faba beans (Vicia faba L.). In field experiments, action of dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid) and TCA (trichloroacetic acid) on green foxtail was not appreciably increased by oil addition. The emulsifier, but not the oil, increased barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) toxicity to wild oats (Avena fatua L.) without injuring barley or rape. Added oil increased the toxicity of benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxo-3-benzothiazoline acetic acid) to cleavers (Galium aparine L.) without significant injury to rape. Oil with niclofen (2, 4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether) lessened its toxicity to Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn.). Oil with 2,4-D ((2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) and MCPA [((4-chloro-o-tolyl) oxy) acetic acid] dimethylamines increased control of Tartary buckwheat in wheat and oats, respectively, without crop injury. In the growth chamber, MCPA plus oil was more effective against hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) than MCPA alone.
EFFETS DE LA FERTILISATION ET DES REGIMES HYDRIQUES SUR LE RENDEMENT, L’UTILISATION D’EAU ET LA COMPOSITION CHIMIQUE DE LA LUZERNE ET DU TREFLE LADINO
Authors: PESANT A. R. , DIONNE J. L.
Published: March 2010

Four fertility levels and four different soil moisture regimes were combined factorially to evaluate, in a greenhouse study, the yield, the consumptive use of water and the quality of alfalfa and ladino clover grown on St-Jude sand and on Ste-Rosalie clay. Usually, alfalfa yielded twice the amount of dry matter and had more difficulty in tolerating frequent irrigations. Ladino clover transpired less and, consequently, the number of irrigations was reduced. With the increase of yield and the decrease in water consumption, fertilization increased water use efficiency (WUE). The WUE for alfalfa (0.326 g of DM/cm of water) was greater than for clover (0.271 g/cm). In general, the crude protein and the digestibility were higher for clover than for alfalfa. Crude protein level and digestibility increased with soil moisture stress and decreased with the increase in soil fertility. The soil type influenced protein content but not digestibility. Finally, alfalfa absorbed a higher level of phosphorus than clover and mobilized this element at greater tensions. Phosphorus content of the legumes was decreased proportionally with dry water regimes, while potassium content was increased.
TOLERANCE OF CREEPING RED FESCUE AND TIMOTHY TO HERBICIDES USED TO CONTROL CANADA THISTLE
Authors: GALLAGHER A. , BORN W. H. VANDEN
Published: March 2010

Field experiments at seven locations in northern Alberta confirmed that picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-tricholoropicolinic acid) is a useful herbicide for the control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) in seed crops of creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and timothy (Phleum pratense L.). Dicamba (3,6-dicholoro-o-anisic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were less effective. Preplant herbicide treatments were tolerated by both grass species provided that one growing season elapsed between treatment and planting of the grasses. Fertile tiller production was increased in plants selected from field plots treated 1 yr earlier with picloram and transferred to a growth chamber for flowering and seed production. Seed production of timothy was not affected by 0.14 – 0.84 kg/ha of picloram applied at several growth stages. Fescue seed production was not affected by picloram treatments up to 0.56 kg/ha, but was reduced by most other herbicide treatments applied at 10% anthesis. In no instance did herbicide treatment result in more than a 10% reduction in germination of seed from either grass species and, except in the case of a dicamba treatment on timothy, seedlings appeared to be normal in all respects.
NEMATODES IN TOBACCO IN THE MARITIME PROVINCES OF CANADA
Authors: KIMPINSKI J. , LELACHEUR K. E. , THOMPSON L. S. , WILLIS C. B. , MARKS C. F.
Published: March 2010

Soil and root samples were collected from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) fields in Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick in 1970 and 1972, and also from P.E.I, in 1971 and 1974. Twenty genera of plant and soil nematodes were recovered. The dominant plant-parasitic species were Pratylenchus crenatus Loof, 1960 and P. penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filipjev and Stek., 1941. These two species were often found in the same sample and were most numerous in P.E.I., though their numbers were lower than had been recorded previously in forage and vegetable surveys. Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood, 1949 was recovered in low numbers from some of the samples. Nematicide treatments usually reduced the number of Pratylenchus spp., but there were no significant increases in yield or quality of tobacco. Laboratory and greenhouse experiments indicated that M. hapla did not invade or reproduce in tobacco roots as quickly as did P. penetrans. Neither species influenced plant growth significantly. It was concluded that plant-parasitic nematodes are riot a major problem in tobacco in the Maritime provinces.
VARIABILITY IN SENSITIVITY TO THE FUNGICIDE PYROXYCHLOR WITHIN THE GENERA PHYTOPHTHORA AND PYTHIUM
Authors: RICHARDSON LLOYD T.
Published: March 2010

A comparative study was made of the innate sensitivity of individual species within the genera Phytophthora and Pythium to the selective systemic fungicide pyroxychlor (2-chloro-6-methoxy-4-(Trichloromethyl)pyridine). In vitro sensitivity was evaluated on the basis of inhibition of mycelial growth on treated V8-juice agar. Little variation was found among the 10 Phytophtora spp. tested, the dosage response curves being linear and generally steep, with ED50 values ranging from 0.4 to 6.2 ppm. Similar steep, linear curves with low ED50 values were obtained with six Pythium spp., but five other species responded quite differently. P. sylvaticum was the most tolerant with no inhibition up to 25 ppm and only 20% at 100 ppm. The dosage response of the other species was irregular. Inhibition of P. irregulare and P. splendens reached a maximum of 50% near 1 ppm. The curve for P. ultimum also reached a maximum near 1 pp, but declined to a lower, constant level. The curve for P. polymastum was distinctly bimodal, ascending with dosage up to 0.5 ppm, descending sharply to 3.1 ppm, then ascending again. The effectiveness of pyroxychlor in controlling preemergence damping-off of pea seedlings caused by four of the Pythium spp. was compared in a growth-room test. P. aphanidermatum and P. ultimum were effectively controlled by postplant drench treatments, but P. irregulare and P. sylvaticum were not.
SUMAS ORCHARD GRASS
Authors: TAYLOR D. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
FABA BEAN: LOW RESISTANCE TO PEA APHIDS, ACYRTHOSIPHON PISUM (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE), IN ELEVEN CULTIVARS
Authors: FRAZER B. D. , RAWORTH D. , GOSSARD T.
Published: March 2010

Eleven cultivars of faba beans and one of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) were bioassayed for resistance to pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) by determining the fecundity, survival and developmental rate of the aphid on each cultivar. None of the cultivars tested, including the three licensed for production in Canada, possess any significant resistance, although they differ in susceptibility.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPACTION PATTERNS DUE TO MACHINERY OPERATION IN AN ORCHARD SOIL
Authors: RAGHAVAN G. S. V. , MCKYES E. , CHASSÉ M. , MÉRINEAU F.
Published: March 2010

A series of tests was performed in a field, freshly prepared and ready for the planting of new trees, to study the pattern of soil density changes under different loads, soil conditions, tire sizes and numbers of passes using a gamma-ray density meter. The change in soil bulk density varied from 0.08 g/cc to 0.48 g/cc for increasing numbers of traverses of tractor and sprayer. The soil bulk density achieved after 15 passes with a tractor and sprayer approximated both the maximum bulk density obtained with a standard Proctor compaction test and the maximum bulk density that has been observed in adjacent orchards that are 30–40 yr old.
ACID AND ALKALINE INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASES IN SENESCING FLOWERS OF ROSE, CARNATION AND CHRYSANTHEMUM
Authors: PARUPS E. V.
Published: March 2010

The activities of the acid and alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatases (EC.3.6.1.1) were determined in the petals of cut flowers of roses (Rosa hybrida L.), carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.,) and chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat.)) kept either in water or in solutions of a flower preservative, and in flowers kept uncut on plants. The use of flower preservative decreased the activity of both pyrophosphatases in roses, did not change it in chrysanthemums, and maintained the alkaline enzyme at essentially the initial level in carnations. The activities of both enzymes were generally greater in the flowers of carnations and chrysanthemums than in roses, excepting the acid pyrophosphatase in uncut chrysanthemums on day 15, or the alkaline pyrophosphatase on days 15 and 17. The activities of both enzymes were essentially similar for each kind of flower indicating that their effect on anabolism or catabolism in flower petals was minimal.
CHANGES IN THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DILL OIL DURING HYDRODISTILLATION
Authors: CHUBEY B. B. , DORRELL D. G.
Published: March 2010

Oil samples were taken at five intervals during a 2-h distillation of both fresh and wilted dill (Anethum graveolens L.) to determine the effect of length of distillation on the quality of dill oil. Based on carvone content, the quality was consistently high for the 1st h and then steadily declined. Limonene increased, while α-phellandrene remained relatively constant over the same period. Approximately 90% of the oil was extracted after 2 h of hydrodistillation. It was concluded that it would be feasible to segregate early fractions containing the higher carvone content and use them to upgrade inferior oils.
A PORTABLE FREEZING CABINET FOR COLD-STRESSING PLANTS GROWING IN THE FIELD
Authors: REID W. S. , HARRIS R. E. , McKENZIE J. S.
Published: March 2010

A freezing cabinet consisting of a modified domestic freezer mounted on a two-wheel transporter is described. It is placed over plants in the field to subject them to cold stresses. The unit produces linear cooling rates at 1–10 C/h and maintains constant or cyclical temperatures using a programmable controller. A temperature of −25 C was obtained at an ambient of 27 C. Lower temperatures are attainable when the ambient is lower. Air temperature inside the cabinet was spatially uniform within 1 C, followed a linear program within 2 C and was kept within 1.1 C when a constant temperature was selected.
EMERGENCE, SEEDLING VIGOR AND SEED YIELD OF CORN AFTER PRE-SOWING TREATMENTS AND THE ADDITION OF PHOSPHORUS WITH THE SEED
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
NORLAC RED CLOVER
Authors: FOLKINS L. P. , BERKENKAMP B. B. , BAENZIGER H.
Published: March 2010

not available
CHEMICAL DEFOLIATION PREPARATORY TO HARVESTING RUTABAGAS
Authors: POAPST P. A. , PRICE I.
Published: March 2010

not available
FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE IN BOTRYTIS CINEREA, THE RESULT OF SELECTIVE PRESSURE ON RESISTANT STRAINS ALREADY PRESENT IN NATURE
Authors: BOLTON A. T.
Published: March 2010

Spores of Botrytis cinerea Pers. were obtained from snapdragon plants never exposed to fungicides. A few spores produced sporulating colonies on first exposure to benomyl, dicloran, and the experimental fungicide Bay Meb 6447 (triadimefon). Spores resistant to one fungicide were susceptible to the other two. Succeeding generations from the resistant colonies produced increasing numbers of resistant spores due to selective pressure exerted by the particular fungicide. Spores isolated from plants of fuchsia, geranium, and tuberous begonia that had been exposed to benomyl were completely resistant to this fungicide, but not to dicloran or triadimefon. Isolates from zinnia, marigold, and viola were susceptible to benomyl and exhibited some resistance to dicloran and triadimefon. No differences in pathogenicity were observed among susceptible and resistant strains.
ENSILING CHARACTERISTICS OF SILAGES TREATED WITH SODIUM HYDROXIDE
Authors: FLIPOT PAUL , MOWAT D. N. , BUCHANAN-SMITH J. G. , PARKINS J. J.
Published: March 2010

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effect of NaOH on the ensiling characteristics of corn and alfalfa forage. In one trial, NaOH was added at levels of 0, 2, 3, or 4% of dry matter (DM) to whole plant corn and 0 or 3% to corn stover, and ensiled in cryovac bags. In a second trial, 0 or 3% NaOH was added to whole plant corn or alfalfa (25–40% DM). In addition, alfalfa had molasses added at a level of 0 or 10% of the forage DM. Materials were ensiled in miniature silos of 250-ml capacity. Additions of NaOH to all forages increased silage pH (P < 0.05). Molasses may have some influence in limiting the rise in pH after addition of NaOH but the effect appears to be limited. Alkali treatment of corn stover silage and corn silage generally increased lactic acid production. Total-N of all silages tended to decrease with NaOH treatment. However, alkali treatment markedly reduced soluble-N with all forages (P < 0.05), except with corn stover. Molasses also reduced soluble-N (P < 0.05) with alfalfa silage of low DM content. Treating forages while ensiling would appear to represent a suitable on-farm system for alkali treatment.
HARCOR SOYBEANS
Authors: BUZZELL R. I. , HAAS JERRY H. , BUTTERY B. R. , ANDERSON L. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
EVIDENCE OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT-KNOT AND ROOT-LESION NEMATODES IN ALFALFA CLONES
Authors: TOWNSHEND J. L. , BAENZIGER H.
Published: March 2010

not available
PASTURE RENOVATION BY DIRECT DRILLING AFTER WEED CONTROL AND SWARD SUPPRESSION BY HERBICIDES
Authors: WADDINGTON J. , BOWREN K. E.
Published: March 2010

not available
CABREE RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: SMOLIAK S.
Published: March 2010

not available
AUTOMATED MALTING EQUIPMENT FOR QUALITY SELECTION IN BARLEY BREEDING PROGRAMS
Authors: ATKINSON J. M. , BENDELOW V. M.
Published: March 2010

New equipment for the evaluation of malting potential of material developed in barley breeding programs is described. The equipment is compact and functions automatically throughout the malting process except for a minor adjustment after the germination period. Malting conditions, that is, times and temperatures of steeping in water, germination and heat-drying are programmed and automatically controlled. Samples of 40, 70 or 100 g of barley from breeding projects are processed in batches of 60, 40 or 36 under conditions that provide information on cultivar differences in maltability and malt properties.
ABSCISIC ACID LEVELS AND GENETIC COMPACTION IN APPLE SEEDLINGS
Authors: LEE J. M. , LOONEY N. E.
Published: March 2010

Apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) seedlings arising from controlled crosses involving McIntosh Wijcik segregate reliably into normal and compact growth types. The compact or spur-type seedlings have shorter, thicker stems; shorter internodes; and a strong upright, nonbranching growth habit. They contained less free ABA per shoot tip than normal seedlings. A reliable and rapid method for extracting and measuring ABA is described.
EFFECTS OF POST-EMERGENCE WILD OAT HERBICIDES ON THE TRANSPIRATION OF WILD OATS
Authors: SHARMA M. P. , BORN W. H. VANDEN , McBEATH D. K.
Published: March 2010

Transpiration of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) plants was markedly reduced after foliar treatment with barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate), asulam (methyl sulfanylcarbamate), dichlorfop methyl (4-(2′,4′-dichlorophenoxy)-phenoxypropionic acid methyl ester), difenzoquat (1,2-dimethyl-3,5-diphenyl-1 H-pyrazolium) or benzoylprop ethyl (ethyl-N-benzoyl-N(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-aminopropionate). Suppression of transpiration increased with increasing herbicide rates. Difenzoquat and dichlorfop methyl at 1.12 kg/ha reduced transpiration by more than 50% within 2 days after spraying. Barban, asulam and benzoylprop ethyl did not reduce transpiration to this level until about 12 days after spraying. When wild oats and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown together, removal of the weed with these herbicides resulted in significantly heavier barley and wheat plants with more tillers per plant than in the untreated control. The earlier removal of wild oat competition with dichlorfop methyl and difenzoquat treatments resulted in the production of more dry weight and culms per plant of barley and wheat than with the slower-acting barban and benzoylprop ethyl.
A PLASTOCHRON MODEL FOR SOYBEAN LEAF AND STEM GROWTH
Authors: HOFSTRA G. , HESKETH J. D. , MYHRE D. L.
Published: March 2010

Results from a series of experiments conducted under controlled environmental conditions have been re-analyzed for a quantitative data base predicting gross morphological changes in the soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) plant. Such information is needed for the construction of plant growth models describing detailed organ-by-organ carbon and nitrogen budgets in the plant, as well as the expansion of a crop canopy of leaves as the growing season progresses. Leaf and stem expansion rates were monitored to calculate appearance rates for new organs on the main shoot and axillary branches. Leaf expansion rate, when expressed per apparent plastochron (a time period derived from leaf appearance rates on the main shoot) was unaffected by temperature, but was affected by the main shoot number or the ultimate size of the expanding trifoliolate. From concurrent dry matter determinations, minimum dry matter required for leaf expansion was estimated to be about 0.17 g/dm2 leaf area, with maximum values of 0.35 g/dm2 for plants growing in a cool temperature (18 C) or in a relatively rich CO2 atmosphere (1,000 ppm v/v). Values for pod and internode growth rates are also given. Other relevant published and unpublished data are discussed to depict the general kinds of data sets needed for model construction.
AMINO ACID AND PROXIMATE ANALYSES OF WEED SEEDS
Authors: TKACHUK RUSSELL , MELLISH V. JEAN
Published: March 2010

Weed seeds commonly found in Western Canadian cereals and oil seeds as dockage were examined for their amino acid, protein, oil and fiber contents. The weeds analyzed were Sinapis arvenis L.(wild mustard), Thlaspi arvense L. (stinkweed), Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (flixweed), Polygonum convolvulus L. (wild buckwheat), Rumex pseudonatronatus L. (field dock), Avena fatua L. (wild oats), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail), Iva xanthifolia Nutt. (false ragweed), Chenopodium album L. (lamb’s-quarters), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed). Composite analysis showed that some of the weed seeds are high in protein and oil content. Amino acid analysis showed that many weeds have an excellent essential amino acid balance, and also a higher content of essential amino acids than do the commonly grown cereals. These results suggest that some weed seeds could be excellent sources of protein and oil for feed or food purposes.
EFFECTS OF SEED SOURCE AND SEED TREATMENT ON BARLEY EMERGENCE, YIELD, AND KERNEL WEIGHT
Authors: STERLING J. D. E. , JOHNSTON H. W. , MUNRO D. C.
Published: March 2010

Volla and Keystone barley were planted in Prince Edward Island in a 3-yr test to determine the importance of cultivar, seed source, and the influence of seed treatment on emergence, yield, and kernel weight. In general, seed from Eastern Canadian sources had higher levels of contamination with Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorokin.) Shoemaker, and this seed responded more to seed treatment in emergence than seed with lower levels of contamination. Yields were influenced by seed source. Seed treatment reduced the range of variation in yield among sources. Kernel weight was significantly increased by seed treatment. Volla barley had lower emergence than Keystone, and seed treatment had a greater influence on the performance of Volla than on Keystone.
EFFECTS OF HIGH RATES OF NITROGEN ON NEEPAWA WHEAT GROWN UNDER IRRIGATION. I. YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT
Authors: DUBETZ S.
Published: March 2010

A hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Neepawa) was grown at five sites in southern Alberta during a 3-yr period in irrigated field experiments in which rates of N and P, and N source were varied. Response of yield and protein content varied between sites and treatments, mainly because of differences in soil nutrient levels, soil texture, and irrigation management. The highest yield, 53.3 q/ha, was obtained on a clay soil that contained relatively high levels of available N and P. Grain yield and protein content responded mostly to N. Yields were maximized with about 100 kg N/ha on soils where fertility was relatively low. The highest protein content (dry basis) was 20.7%. When soil N was relatively low, it was possible to increase the protein content 51–76% by applying high rates of N, either to the soil or as a urea spray at flowering, and by subjecting the plants to a soil moisture stress during the flowering stage. N applied as a urea spray did not affect grain yield.
THE ROLE OF TRITICUM CARTHLICUM IN THE ORIGIN OF BREAD WHEAT BASED ON COMPARATIVE MILLING AND BAKING PROPERTIES
Authors: KERBER E. R. , BENDELOW V. M.
Published: March 2010

To determine whether Triticum carthlicum Nevski (2n = 28 = AABB) could have been the donor of the AABB tetraploid component to hexaploid wheat (2n = 42 = AABBDD), several milling and baking properties of this tetraploid were compared with those of Tetra Canthatch, the AABB tetraploid extracted from the high quality bread wheat cv. Canthatch. The same comparisons were also made between synthetic hexaploids produced from T. carthlicum and Aegilops squarrosa L. (2n = 14 = DD) and synthetics produced from Tetra Canthatch and the same strains of Ae. squarrosa. Overall, the milling and baking properties of T. carthlicum were similar to those of Tetra Canthatch. The range of variability of each quality characteristic among synthetic hexpaloids derived from T. carthlicum was similar to that among those produced from Tetra Canthatch. These comparative results indicate that T. carthlicum adequately substitutes for Tetra Canthatch with respect to the milling and baking properties evaluated in this study. Consequently, from this standpoint, T. carthlicum cannot be rejected as a possible source of the AABB component of common bread wheat, nor does the evidence exclude the hypothesis that this tetraploid is merely a segregate from a common hexaploid wheat — tetraploid wheat hybrid.
EFFECTS OF SOAKING, SEED MOISTURE CONTENT, TEMPERATURE AND SEED LEAKAGE ON GERMINATION OF FABA BEANS (VICIA FABA) AND PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM)
Authors: ROWLAND G. G. , GUSTA L. V.
Published: March 2010

Among four faba bean (Vicia faba L.) and four pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars, significant differences occurred in the amount of water imbibed by whole seeds and seeds with their seed coats removed. Furthermore, seed soaking significantly reduced germination and growth of seeds of cultivars within both species. Transverse cracking of the cotyledons (TVC) was a cultivar characteristic in faba beans that was negatively associated with germination, but was not a factor in the pea cultivars studied. Low seed moisture and low temperature during imbibition of water reduced seedling growth in faba beans and peas and reduced germination in faba beans. There were significant cultivar differences in both faba beans and peas in the amount of seed leakage after 24 h of soaking. In faba beans the cultivars with the greatest TVC showed the greatest leakage. Smooth-seeded peas leaked more than wrinkle-seeded peas used in the study.
RELATIONSHIP OF FORAGE MATURITY TO DIGESTIBILITY AND ANIMAL GAIN WHEN SILAGE IS UNTREATED OR TREATED WITH FORMIC ACID
Authors: CALDER F. W.
Published: March 2010

Four crops were compared as unwilted silage for beef cattle weight gain: (a) grass harvested 10 June, vegetative stage, yield 3.29 tonnes/ha (T/ha) of 74% digestible dry matter (DM) (in vitro); (b) similar grass, harvested 20 June, early head, yield 4.46 T/ha of 66% digestible DM; (c) similar grass, harvested 10 July, bloom stage, yield 5.96 T/ha of 56% digestible DM; (d) alfalfa–bromegrass, harvested 23 June, early head–full bud, yield 4.94 (T/ha) of 64% digestible DM. Formic acid (4.5 liters/T) was applied to the forage stored in the bottom half of each of the four upright silos. The apparent digestibilities of the DM as determined with sheep for the four untreated silages were: (a) 74.4, (b) 64.7, (c) 55.2, and (d) 61.3%. Yearling steers fed the silages as the sole ration gained (a) 1.25, (b) 1.07, (c) 0.40 and (d) 0.72 kg/day; when supplemented with 1 kg barley/day, gains were (a) 1.24, (b) 1.17, (c) 0.51 and (d) 1.04 kg/day. The formic-acid-treated silage produced animal gains of (a) 1.17, (b) 1.06, (c) 0.78, and (d) 0.96 kg/day; when supplemented with 1 kg barley/day gains were (a) 1.31, (b) 1.08, (c) 0.79, (d) 1.06 kg/day. The greatest weight of beef cattle gain per tonne of DM was obtained with the (a) crop, but beef production per hectare was greatest from the grass crop harvested at the early head (b) stage of development. It was concluded that the production of over 1 tonne of beef gain per hectare per season is possible from a temperate climate grass crop, harvested in the vegetative stage of development.
CHINOOK ORCHARD GRASS
Authors: HANNA M. R. , SMOLIAK S. , WILSON D. B.
Published: March 2010

Chinook is a winterhardy cultivar of orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) developed by the late R. W. Peake at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta. It was released in 1959, but a full description of this cultivar was not published.
GENE ACTION FOR PROTEIN AND OIL CONTENT IN SUMMER RAPE
Authors: GRAMI BAHRAM , STEFANSSON B. R.
Published: March 2010

Genetic control of percent protein, percent oil, and sum of protein and oil as a percentage of the seed was investigated in two summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Midas and Tower, and their F1, F2 and backcross generations. All three traits were found to be governed by additive gene action. Dominance was not significant and epistasis was absent. Selection for sum of protein and oil was shown to be more effective than selection for either protein or oil alone.
SOME CLUSTER THINNING AND GIBBERELLIC ACID EFFECTS ON JUICE AND WINE QUALITY OF DE CHAUNAC GRAPES
Authors: WOOD D. F. , LOONEY N. E.
Published: March 2010

Thinning to one and two flower clusters per fruitful shoot significantly increased total soluble solids and total phenols but had no effect on titratable acidity of de Chaunac grapes in two vineyards differing widely in vine vigor and soil type. Treatment with 50 ppm gibberellic acid 10 days after bloom did not affect juice quality at either location. Grapes from the high vigor, heavy soil site were particularly high in titratable acidity, and potassium content was higher in berries from thinned vines in the same vineyard. An early assessment of wine quality showed the one-cluster treatment to be superior.
GROWTH PATTERN ANALYSIS OF THREE RAPESEED CULTIVARS
Authors: CAMPBELL D. C. , KONDRA Z. P.
Published: March 2010

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) cvs. Nugget, Oro, and Target were observed in the field on a single plant basis to evaluate growth stages, growth periods, rates of development and the relationships among these characters. Target exhibited many characteristics which would tend to make it a late variety. However, Target was the earliest maturing cultivar and the major characteristic leading to earliness for Target was early first flower. In general, the correlations among growth characters were low. The correlations among growth stages indicated that earliness of initial growth stages contributes to earliness of subsequent growth stages. The time to first flower was a major factor in determining the time to maturity. Rapid development rates for different aspects of growth were positively associated with each other and with earliness of growth stages. Long periods of development prior to first flower were somewhat compensated for by a decrease in the length of subsequent periods.
HISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON ABSCISING AND RETAINED SOYBEAN FLOWERS
Authors: ABERNETHY ROLLIN H. , PALMER R. G. , SHIBLES RICHARD , ANDERSON I. C.
Published: March 2010

Histological observations of abscising and retained soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) flowers were made to determine the magnitude of the effect of fertilization failure on floral abscission. Amsoy 71 and Wayne cultivars exhibited a total of 7.0 and 8.9% unfertilized ovules, respectively. Ovules of abscising flowers predominantly had proembryos of 4–8 cells, and apparently had ceased development at this stage. Failure of fertilization seemed to play a negligible role in soybean floral abscission.
RESPONSE OF ORCHARD GRASS TO MULTIPLE HARVESTS AND RATES OF NITROGEN IN POST-SEEDING YEARS
Authors: KUNELIUS H. T. , SUZUKI MICHIO
Published: March 2010

Frode orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was fertilized with 99–495 kg N/ha/yr in three equal applications and harvested three or four times per season over a 3-yr period to determine the productivity, quality of forage and persistence of stands. The application of N resulted in significant (P =.001) linear and quadratic increases in dry matter (DM) yields. Higher DM yields were obtained with the 3-harvest system while the yield distribution within the season was more uniform for the 4-harvest system. Total N concentrations of orchard grass increased linearly with the N rates. Total N yields were dependent on the rates of applied N with the recovery of applied N ranging from 39 to 70% at 99–297 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The in vitro disappearance of DM was slightly reduced by the high N rates in the 1st and 2nd harvests. The nitrate-N concentrations were highest in the early and late summer ranging from.11 to.29% at 297–495 kg N/ha/yr, respectively. The persistence of orchard grass was better under the 4- than the 3- harvest system.
EFFECTS OF HARVEST DATE ON THE CONDITION AFTER STORAGE OF MCINTOSH APPLES TREATED WITH ETHEPHON AND FENOPROP
Authors: FORSYTH F. R. , CROWE A. D. , LIGHTFOOT H. J. , BROWN G. L.
Published: March 2010

Trees of McIntosh apples were sprayed with a combination of 300 ppm ethephon plus 6 ppm fenoprop before harvest. Fruits were harvested from treated and untreated trees at intervals from 4 through 15 days after spraying and were promptly stored at 0 C until 4 Feb. The criteria of quality, firmness, % malic acid and incidence of core browning indicated that the ethephon plus fenoprop treatment resulted in more red color with less loss of storage life than did harvest of untreated fruit delayed until normal mid-harvest time for this cultivar. Clonal strains responded differently to treatment in firmness and in the incidence of core browning.
EFFECTS OF APPLIED NITROGEN ON YIELDS, TUBER SIZES, AND SPECIFIC GRAVITIES OF TWO POTATO CULTIVARS
Authors: MUNRO D. C. , WHITE R. P. , SANDERSON J. B.
Published: March 2010

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Sebago and Netted Gem) were grown at several locations on Prince Edward Island over a 5-yr period with rates of applied N from zero to 336 kg/ha. Significant yield responses to applied N occurred at all locations each year with each cultivar. At most locations, 112–134 kg N/ha was adequate for maximum yields. The response of the two cultivars to applied N was similar. Applied N up to 134 kg/ha increased the percentage yields of A-size tubers. Tuber specific gravity was affected by N application at only 8 of the 15 locations. Generally, excessive rates of applied N reduced specific gravity but rates sufficient for maximum yields were not deterimental.
ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS ON ALFALFA TO DETECT INFECTION BY ROOT LESION NEMATODES
Authors: HIGGINS D. L. , BECKMANN J. VON , JEWELL E. , JOSEPHSON G. G. S. , THOMPSON R. G. , FENSOM D. S. , WILLIS C. B. , SUZUKI M.
Published: March 2010

Electrical impedance measurements were made on alfalfa plants (Medicago sativa L.) infected with root lesion nematodes, (Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)), and on control plants under conditions of drought and cold stress. Differences were found in the daily cycles of impedance between the two groups, with the infected group showing a greater increase in percent impedance relative to the initial value in early day, and a slower and less pronounced drop of percent impedance upon watering after drought stressing as compared to the controls. The difference in electrical impedance between the two groups of alfalfa was greater at 20 C than at 2 C. It is concluded that root lesion nematodes interfere with normal water uptake and hence water potential in alfalfa roots.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL PARENT MATERIAL ON THE SELENIUM CONTENT OF WHEAT FROM WEST-CENTRAL SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: DOYLE P. J. , FLETCHER W. K.
Published: March 2010

Selenium concentrations in whole wheat plants from the Rosetown–Outlook area of west-central Saskatchewan were highest when grown over lacustrine clay and glacial till (median values 2.18 and 1.50 ppm, respectively), intermediate in plants grown on lacustrine silt (median 1.08 ppm) and lowest for wheat grown on aeolian sand (median 0.64 ppm). A similar trend characterized C horizon soil, with highest selenium values (median 0.37 ppm) associated with lacustrine clay and lowest levels (median 0.12 ppm) with aeolian sand. These data suggest that total soil parent material selenium concentrations influence, at least to some extent, selenium concentrations in wheat plants. Furthermore, they indicate that soil parent material maps could form a suitable sampling base for designing rapid plant sampling programs to outline areas where selenium excess or deficiency problems are most likely to occur.
DUFFERIN FLAX
Authors: KENASCHUK EDWARD O.
Published: March 2010

Dufferin is a new oilseed flax cultivar developed by the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Morden, Manitoba. It is resistant to the prevalent rust races and was released to replace the rust-susceptible Redwood 65 in the three prairie provinces. Dufferin is similar to Redwood 65 in the important agronomic characteristics, including seed yield, but is slightly higher in oil content and lower in oil quality.
OXFORD OATS
Authors: REINBERGS E.
Published: March 2010

Oxford is a new large-seeded, yellow oat with excellent lodging resistance, high yield, tolerance to B.Y.D. and wide adaptability in Eastern Canada. It was licensed for sale in Canada in September 1976. Breeders’ seed of Oxford is maintained by the Crop Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
WINTER WHEAT SEEDLING PREFERENCE BY GRAZING RODENTS
Authors: PITTMAN U. J.
Published: March 2010

Preferential grazing by rodents on an experimental line of hard red winter wheat, WT80 (Triticum aestivum L.) was observed in a variety × fertilizer field experiment that also included the cvs. Winalta, Sundance, and Kharkov 22MC. Plots that received NP fertilizers were more intensively grazed than others. The rodents were tentatively identified as white-tailed jackrabbits (Lepus townsendi campanius Hollister).
QUALITY, YIELD AND WEIGHT PER SEED OF GREEN FIELD PEAS AS AFFECTED BY SOWING AND HARVEST DATES
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

The green field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Delwiche Scotch Green was sown at two dates and harvested at five dates in the field in 1971–1973 to determine the effect on quality, yield and weight per seed. The green color deteriorated with delay in harvesting. Rate of color loss varied from year to year, probably due to rainfall patterns. Differences in protein percentage due to sowing date varied from year to year, resulting in no significant difference over the 3-yr period. Viscosity of peas after cooking, yield and weight per seed were higher in the early than in the later sowing.
NODULATION, ACETYLENE REDUCTION AND YIELD OF FABA BEANS AS AFFECTED BY INOCULUM CONCENTRATION AND SOIL NITRATE LEVEL
Authors: DEAN J. R. , CLARK K. W.
Published: March 2010

On low nitrate soils, maximum yields of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were obtained using the manufacturer’s recommended rate of 4.2 g inoculum/kg seed at two locations in 1975. Up to 16.9 g of inoculum was required in 1976 for maximum yields in the dry seedbeds. A granular inoculum appeared to withstand low soil moisture conditions better than the powder form. On low nitrate soils, symbiotic fixation accounted for a maximum of 67.5–70.0 kg N/ha in 1975, and 146.0 kg N/ha in 1976. In 1976, at two locations with high nitrate soils, acetylene reduction was 37% less than the maximum rate found at the low nitrate location. Inoculum treatments did not increase yields at the high nitrate locations. At one location, yields decreased at 8.4 and 16.9 g powder inoculum and with granular inoculum. It is suggested that the more abundant nodules diverted a significant amount of carbohydrates away from the developing pods. It is concluded that faba beans are essentially self-sufficient in nitrogen from symbiotic fixation in low nitrate soils, but that recommended rates of powder inoculum may be inadequate in dry seedbeds.
YIELD AND COMPOSITION OF ALFALFA AND CRESTED WHEATGRASS, GROWN SINGLY AND IN MIXTURE, AS AFFECTED BY N AND P FERTILIZERS
Authors: LUTWICK L. E. , SMITH A. D.
Published: March 2010

The effects of four rates of N and P fertilizers applied in the spring to alfalfa and crested wheatgrass, grown singly and in mixture, at three ages of stand were investigated. N fertilizer increased yields and protein content of the grass in the year of application regardless of age of stand; the effect in subsequent years depended upon the level of yield in the year of application. The results indicated that grass should be fertilized with N every year at a rate related to the amounts of N removed from the soil in the preceding year. N fertilizer also increased the yield of the mixture in the year of application. The proportion of alfalfa in the hay mixture decreased with age and with applications of N fertilizer. This effect of N fertilizer was brought about by changes in the absolute yield of the grass component but not that of the alfalfa component of the mixture. The management of the mixture is affected by management of the grass component and any increases in yield and quality of the grass are at the expense of the alfalfa. P fertilizer slightly increased the P content of all forages, regardless of age of stand, both in the year of application and in the succeeding years, but did not increase yields.
A PROCEDURE FOR SCREENING FOR PROTEIN CONTENT IN CEREAL BREEDING
Authors: BENDELOW V. M.
Published: March 2010

A method for the estimation of grain protein content based on the automated determination of amino nitrogen in protease digests of grain was found to be a possible alternative to the Kjeldahl procedure.
ATLANTA BARLEY
Authors: STERLING J. D. E.
Published: March 2010

A 2-rowed feed barley named Atlanta has been developed at the Canada Agriculture Research Station, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island. Its parentage is Anoidium/Montcalm*3/2/Herta/Br M57-754/3/Hellas. In trials conducted in Eastern Canada from 1970 to 1976 Atlanta was superior in yield and lodging to other 2-rowed varieties. Seed of most classes will be available in 1978.
EFFECTS OF FOUR GREENHOUSE SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHT SOURCES ON ALFALFA FLOWERING AND SEED PRODUCTION
Authors: ELGIN Jr. J. H. , McMURTREY III J. E.
Published: March 2010

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) flowering and seed production in the greenhouse under high pressure sodium, metal halide, mercury vapor, incandescent, and no supplemental lighting were compared. Plant responses were directly related to the quantity of light supplied. The most effective light source was the high pressure sodium lamp.
EFFECT OF A LEAF-SPOTTING GENE ON THE YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT OF BARLEY IN NORTHERN CANADA
Authors: FARIS D. G.
Published: March 2010

Two isogenic lines, normal and spotted-leaf, of Awnless Atlas barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were grown at four seeding rates for 3 yr at Beaverlodge in northern Alberta. Rate and year caused highly significant differences in yield and yield components. However, seeding rate had little effect on reductions in yield and yield components caused by the leaf-spotting gene. Although leaf spotting appeared to cause little reduction in the photosynthetic area before heading, the reduction was enough to decrease head, plant and leaf size. The heavy leaf spotting that developed after heading contributed to a 22% yield reduction. Compared with a similar study at Davis, California, the results of the present study suggest that the longer photoperiod and higher temperature at Beaverlodge prior to heading depressed yield potential and increased the adverse effect of the leaf-spotting gene. The results suggest that leaf area, both before and after anthesis, is important for yield development and expression.
EFFECT OF TIME OF WASHING ON CALCIUM UPTAKE, BREAKDOWN AND CONDITION OF SPARTAN APPLES DIPPED IN CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION AFTER HARVEST
Authors: PORRITT S. W. , LIDSTER P. D.
Published: March 2010

Calcium introduced into Spartan apples (Malus pumila Mill.) from calcium chloride applied as a dip after harvest was not reduced significantly by washing fruit in a commercial washer 2 wk or later after dipping. Washing fruit within 4 h of dipping significantly reduced calcium uptake by the fruit. The incidence of breakdown was related to the final calcium concentration in the fruit. Calcium chloride treatment significantly reduced decay and loss of firmness in storage.
ESTIMATION OF PEA YIELD LOSS FROM SEVERE ROOT ROT AND DROUGHT STRESS USING AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS AND A LOSS CONVERSION FACTOR
Authors: BASU P. K. , JACKSON H. R. , WALLEN V. R.
Published: March 2010

Vertical aerial photographs were taken over commercial pea (Pisum sativum L.) fields in the Picton-Wellington region, Ontario, in 1975 (a drought year) and in 1976 (a non-drought year) using Kodak Aerochrome Infrared film 2443. Optical separations into black and white images were necessary to assist in delineating healthy crop boundaries from severe root rot- and drought-affected areas (37.14%) as well as void areas (5.29%) from 1975 photographs of 12 selected fields. In these fields, excluding the void areas, an estimated yield loss of 22.7% was calculated by multiplying the percentage of the affected area by an average yield loss conversion factor of 0.61 derived from all available data from greenhouse- and field-grown plants of several commercial pea cultivars.
EFFECT OF DEFOLIATION ON KERNEL DEVELOPMENT IN MAIZE
Authors: TOLLENAAR M. , DAYNARD T. B.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf removal on kernel dry matter accumulation, kernel moisture content, and rate of black layer formation in kernels, in relation to changes in soluble-solid content of the stem of maize (Zea mays L.). In 1970, defoliation was begun at mid-silking and continued at 2-wk intervals until 6 wk after mid-silking. The treatments consisted of (1) no leaf removal, (2) 50% of leaf blades removed, and (3) all leaf blades removed. In 1971, a treatment with complete leaf removal at 1 wk after mid-silking was added. Kernel number was greatly affected by the treatments during the first 2 wk after mid-silking, whereas later defoliation affected mainly kernel weight. Soluble-solid content in the stem declined rapidly after leaf removal, indicating an accelerated utilization of soluble carbohydrates from the stem for grain growth. Maturity, expressed as both kernel-moisture content and rate of black layer formation, was affected significantly by the defoliation treatments. The data presented indicate that a decrease in the source–sink ratio during grain-filling advances date of maturity.
INFLUENCE OF PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION AND ANCYMIDOL ON LEAF SENESCENCE AND GROWTH OF EASTER LILY
Authors: TSUJITA M. J. , MURR D. P. , JOHNSON A. G.
Published: March 2010

Severity of lower foliage senescence of Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) was increased in response to application of ancymidol (A-Rest) in combination with low phosphorus nutrition. Leaf senescence in lilies could be related to a reduced foliar content of phosphorus and total chlorophyll. Plant growth was significantly retarded by high rates of A-Rest. Maintaining high phosphorus nutrition lessened the severity of leaf senescence but partially overcame the effect of A-Rest on growth.
EFFECTS OF SAMPLING DATES ON ESTIMATES OF STALK QUALITY IN MAIZE
Authors: COLBERT T. R. , ZUBER M. S.
Published: March 2010

Rind puncture values were obtained at 1 wk preflowering and then at 2-wk intervals in six single crosses of known stalk quality. On the same dates, stalk samples were obtained for determining crushing strength mechanically. Rind puncture values were lowest for the first sampling date, highest for the second sampling date, and lower again for the third and fourth dates. They were highly correlated (0.79, 0.68, 0.87, and 0.89, respectively) with crushing strength at each of the four sampling dates. We concluded that the rind puncture method would be useful in identifying S0 plants or S1 families with superior stalk quality prior to flowering. The method would enhance a cyclic breeding program by permitting the completion of one cycle per generation.