bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of COVID-19 on the characteristics and outcome of patients who have otitis media with effusion: a case-control study
Authors: Fan Yue , Liu Wei , Liang Yinan , Xia Xin , Yan Fangxu , Chen Xingming
Published: May 2024

Background

Few studies have examined the otologic symptoms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The objective of this study was to identify the effect of COVID-19 on the characteristics and outcomes of patients who have otitis media with effusion (OME).

Methods

This case-control study compared the characteristics and outcomes of OME patients who did or did not have COVID-19. A total of 65 patients with previous COVID-19 and 40 patients who did not have COVID-19 (controls) were enrolled from October 1, 2022 to January 31, 2023 at a single institution in China. Demographics, medical histories, morbidities, hearing test results, treatments, and outcomes of the two groups were compared.

Results

The COVID-19 group had significantly better outcomes from OME than the control group, with higher rates of complete resolution (64.6% vs. 30%) and improvement (30.8% vs. 17.5%), and a lower rate of persistent OME (4.6% vs. 52.5%). Previous COVID-19 was independently associated with a more favorable OME outcome in three multivariate logistic regression models. The COVID-19 group also had a greater improvement in hearing threshold based on air-bone gap measurements.

Conclusion

The outcomes of OME patients who had previous COVID-19 were generally good, in that most patients responded well to treatment and achieved complete resolution or improvement within one month.
Interval training suppresses nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation to improve cardiac function in myocardial infarction rats by hindering the activation of the transforming growth factor-β1 pathway
Authors: Wei Wei , Xie Ping , Wang Xuemei
Published: May 2024

Objective

Myocardial infarction (MI) -induced cardiac dysfunction can be attenuated by aerobic exercises. This study explored the mechanism of interval training (IT) regulating cardiac function in MI rats, providing some theoretical basis for clarifying MI pathogenesis and new ideas for clinically treating MI.

Methods

Rats were subjected to MI modeling, IT intervention, and treatments of the Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) pathway or the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) activators. Cardiac function and hemodynamic indicator alterations were observed. Myocardial pathological damage and fibrosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, MDA content, inflammasome-associated protein levels, and inflammatory factor levels were assessed. The binding between TGF-β1 and receptor was detected.

Results

MI rats exhibited decreased left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricle fractional shortening  (LVFS), left ventricular systolic pressure  (LVSP), positive and negative derivates max/min (dP/dt max/min) and increased left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVEDP), a large number of scar areas in myocardium, disordered cell arrangement and extensive fibrotic lesions, increased TGF-β1 and receptor binding, elevated ROS level and MDA content and weakened SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities, and up-regulated NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD  (ASC) and cleaved-caspase-1 levels, while IT intervention caused ameliorated cardiac function. IT inactivated the TGF-β1 pathway to decrease oxidative stress in myocardial tissues of MI rats and inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Activating NLRP3 partially reversed IT-mediated improvement on cardiac function in MI rats.

Conclusion

IT diminished oxidative stress in myocardial tissues and suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation via inactivating the TGF-β1 pathway, thus improving the cardiac function of MI rats.
Evaluation of diethyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate: synthesis, anti-corrosion potential, and biomedical applications
Authors: Ahamed F. M. Mashood , Padusha M. Syed Ali , Banu A. Mushira , Maitra Swastika , Alharbi Hanan M. , Kumarasamy Vinoth , Uti Daniel E. , Mohite Popat , Alexiou Athanasios , Ali Iftikhar
Published: May 2024

The pursuit of advanced multifunctional compounds has gained significant momentum in recent scientific endeavours. This study is dedicated to elucidating the synthesis, rigorous characterization, and multifaceted applications—encompassing anti-corrosion, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties—of Diethyl 4-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-yl)-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. The 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative was meticulously synthesized through a strategic reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate, and 5-bromoindole-3-carboxaldehydein the ethanol medium at 60  C. Subsequent spectral validations were conducted using sophisticated techniques, namely FTIR, NMR, and Mass spectrometry, resulting in data that perfectly resonated with the hypothesized chemical structure of the compound. Its anti-corrosive potential was assessed on mild steel subjected to an aggressive acidic environment, employing comprehensive methodologies like gravimetric analysis, Tafel polarization, and EIS. Concurrently, its antimicrobial prowess was ascertained against a spectrum of bacterial and fungal pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Candida albicansandAspergillusniger, leveraging the disc diffusion method and using Gentamicin as a reference standard.The empirical results illustrated a substantial decrement in corrosion rates with ascending concentrations of the organic compound, achieving an apex of anti-corrosive efficacy at 81.89% for a concentration of 2 × 103 M. Furthermore, the compound outperformed Gentamicin in antimicrobial screenings, manifesting superior efficacy against all tested pathogens. The antioxidant potential, quantified using the DPPH free radical scavenging assay against ascorbic acid as a benchmark, was found to have an IC50 value of 113.964 ± 0.076 µg/ml.This comprehensive investigation accentuates the paramount potential of the synthesized dihydropyridine derivative in diverse domains—from industrial applications as a corrosion inhibitor to therapeutic avenues given its pronounced antimicrobial and antioxidant capabilities. The compelling results obtained pave the way for expansive research and development initiatives cantered around this multifaceted compound.

Graphical Abstract
A single subcutaneous dose of eprinomectin (Eprecis®) is effective against common gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in experimentally infected lactating goats
Authors: Beck Alexandra , Thomson Sarah , Reddick David , Brunner Rike , Campbell-Wilson Dana , Achard Damien , Isaka Naomi , Trotel Anne , Karembe Hamadi
Published: May 2024

Background

The health and productivity of dairy goats continue to be impacted by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and lungworms (LW). Eprinomectin (EPN) is frequently selected for treatment because it is generally effective and does not require a milk withdrawal period. However, some factors, such as lactation, can have an impact on EPN pharmacokinetics and potentially its efficacy. To evaluate whether this can alter the efficacy of Eprecis® 2%, an eprinomectin injectable solution, a study was performed in lactating goats using the dose currently registered in cattle, sheep and goats (0.2 mg/kg).

Methods

This study was a blinded, randomized, controlled trial performed according to the VICH guidelines. Eighteen (18) worm-free lactating goats were included and experimentally challenged on day 28 with a mixed culture of infective gastrointestinal and lung nematode larvae (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Teladorsagia circumcincta, Dictyocaulus filaria). At D-1, fecal samples were collected to confirm patent infection in all animals. On D0, the goats were randomly allocated into two groups of nine goats; group 1 was treated with Eprecis® 2% at 0.2 mg/kg BW by subcutaneous injection, while group 2 remained untreated. Fecal samples for egg counts were collected from all animals on days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 14. On D14, all goats were killed, and the abomasum, small intestine and lungs were removed, processed and subsampled to record the number and species of worms.

Results

The treatment was well tolerated. After treatment, the arithmetic mean FEC decreased in the treated group and remained < 5 EPG until the end of the study, while the arithmetic mean FEC in the control group remained > 849.0 EPG. At D14, goats in the treated group had very limited or zero total worm counts, whereas all animals from the control group had a high worm burden. The measured efficacy was 100.0% against H. contortus and T. colubriformis, 99.9% against T. circumcincta and 98.0% against D. filaria.

Conclusions

Eprinomectin (Eprecis®, 20 mg/ml), administered at the label dose (0.2 mg/kg), is highly effective against gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in lactating goats.

Graphical abstract
Efficacy and safety study of targeted small-molecule drugs in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wang Shiheng , Ning Wanling , Tang Hanqing , Mu Chaochao , Huang Xiaosong
Published: May 2024

Background

Targeted small-molecule drugs in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have attracted increasing attention from clinical investigators. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the difference in the efficacy and safety of different targeted small-molecule drugs. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of different targeted small-molecule drugs for SLE.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on targeted small-molecule drugs in the treatment of SLE in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched as of April 25, 2023. Risk of bias assessment was performed for included studies using the Cochrane’s tool for evaluating the risk of bias. The primary outcome indicators were SRI-4 response, BICLA response, and adverse reaction. Because different doses and courses of treatment were used in the included studies, Bayesian network meta-regression was used to investigate the effect of different doses and courses of treatment on efficacy and safety.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included, involving 3,622 patients and 9 targeted small-molecule drugs. The results of network meta-analysis showed that, in terms of improving SRI-4, Deucravacitinib was significantly superior to that of Baricitinib (RR = 1.32, 95% CI (1.04, 1.68), P < 0.05). Deucravacitinib significantly outperformed the placebo in improving BICLA response (RR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.20, 2.02), P < 0.05). In terms of adverse reactions, targeted small-molecule drugs did not significantly increase the risk of adverse events as compared to placebo (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on the evidence obtained in this study, the differences in the efficacy of targeted small-molecule drugs were statistically significant as compared to placebo, but the difference in the safety was not statistically significant. The dose and the course of treatment had little impact on the effect of targeted small-molecule drugs. Deucravacitinib could significantly improve BICLA response and SRI-4 response without significantly increasing the risk of AEs. Therefore, Deucravacitinib is very likely to be the best intervention measure. Due to the small number of included studies, more high-quality clinical evidence is needed to further verify the efficacy and safety of targeted small-molecule drugs for SLE.
Faecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 from patients with asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 without gastrointestinal symptoms in Ghana
Authors: Aninagyei Enoch , Ayivor-Djanie Reuben , Gyamfi Jones , Owuani Theodore , Ameke Selassie Louis , Kpeli Grace Semabia , Agbogli Hubert Kwame , Essandoh Priscilla , Duedu Kwabena Obeng
Published: May 2024

Objective

In this study, we sought to determine whether faecal shedding occurs among SARS-COV-2 positive Ghanaians, as reported elsewhere. Hence we assayed for SARS-COV-2 in the stools of 48 SARS-COV-2 confirmed patients at the Ho Municipal Hospital in Ghana.

Results

Of the 48 COVID-19 patients, 45 (93.8%) had positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 faecal shedding. About 60% reported no respiratory symptoms, while only 2% (1 patient) reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in the form of nausea. Other symptoms reported included headache (57.9%), weakness (57.9%), cough (52.6%), blocked/runny nose (47.4%), fever (31.6%), sore throat (31.6%), and shortness of breath (21.1%). One person complained of nausea (5.3%) Semi-quantitative comparison of the SARS COV-2 viral loads in matched respiratory and faecal samples using the cycle threshold (CT) values revealed no statistical differences. Furthermore, the duration between collection of respiratory and faecal samples did not have any direct influence on the differences in the CT values. This suggests that treatment and use of sewage for environmental surveillance of SARS COV-2 could be a potential public health countermeasure.
An atlas of spider development at single-cell resolution provides new insights into arthropod embryogenesis
Authors: Leite Daniel J. , Schönauer Anna , Blakeley Grace , Harper Amber , Garcia-Castro Helena , Baudouin-Gonzalez Luis , Wang Ruixun , Sarkis Naïra , Nikola Alexander Günther , Koka Venkata Sai Poojitha , Kenny Nathan J. , Turetzek Natascha , Pechmann Matthias , Solana Jordi , McGregor Alistair P.
Published: May 2024

Spiders are a diverse order of chelicerates that diverged from other arthropods over 500 million years ago. Research on spider embryogenesis, particularly studies using the common house spiderParasteatoda tepidariorum, has made important contributions to understanding the evolution of animal development, including axis formation, segmentation, and patterning. However, we lack knowledge about the cells that build spider embryos, their gene expression profiles and fate. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses have been revolutionary in describing these complex landscapes of cellular genetics in a range of animals. Therefore, we carried out single-cell RNA sequencing ofP. tepidariorumembryos at stages 7, 8 and 9, which encompass the establishment and patterning of the body plan, and initial differentiation of many tissues and organs. We identified 20 cell clusters, from 18.5 k cells, which were marked by many developmental toolkit genes, as well as a plethora of genes not previously investigated. We found differences in the cell cycle transcriptional signatures, suggestive of different proliferation dynamics, which related to distinctions between endodermal and some mesodermal clusters, compared with ectodermal clusters. We identified many Hox genes as markers of cell clusters, and Hox gene ohnologs were often present in different clusters. This provided additional evidence of sub- and/or neo-functionalisation of these important developmental genes after the whole genome duplication in an arachnopulmonate ancestor (spiders, scorpions, and related orders). We also examined the spatial expression of marker genes for each cluster to generate a comprehensive cell atlas of these embryonic stages. This revealed new insights into the cellular basis and genetic regulation of head patterning, hematopoiesis, limb development, gut development, and posterior segmentation. This atlas will serve as a platform for future analysis of spider cell specification and fate, and studying the evolution of these processes among animals at cellular resolution.
Magnetotelluric sampling theorem
Authors: Utada Hisashi , Rung-Arunwan Tawat , Siripunvaraporn Weerachai
Published: May 2024

We consider a general case of a magnetotelluric (MT) study to reveal three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the electrical conductivity within the Earth based on measurements of electromagnetic (EM) fields by a two-dimensional (2D) array. Such an MT array observation can be regarded as a spatially discrete sampling of the MT responses (impedances), and each observation site can be regarded as a sampling point. This means that MT array measurements must follow the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem. This paper discusses how the sampling theorem is applied to MT array studies and what kind of consideration is required in the application on the basis of synthetic model calculations, with special attention to spatial resolutions. With an aid of the EM scattering theory and the sampling theorem, we can show that an observation array resolves some features of the MT impedance but does not others. We call the resolvable and unresolvable features the MT signal and noise, respectively. This study introduces the spatial Fourier transform of array MT data (impedances) which helps us investigating sampling effects of lateral heterogeneity from a different angle (in the wavenumber domain). Shallow heterogeneities cause a sharp spatial change of impedance elements near structural boundaries. High wavenumber Fourier components are required to describe such a feature, which means the site spacing must be sufficiently short to be able to resolve such features. Otherwise, a set of array MT data will suffer from aliasing, which is one of the typical causes of MT distortion (MT geologic noise). Conversely, a signal due to a deep-seated conductivity anomaly will have more reduced amplitude at higher wavenumbers, which means focused imaging of such an anomaly is generally difficult. Finally, it is suggested to properly consider the sampling theorem in an observation array design, so as to have best performance in resolving MT signals.

Graphical abstract
Eye-tracking-based analysis of pharmacists’ thought processes in the dispensing work: research related to the efficiency in dispensing based on right-brain thinking
Authors: Tsuji Toshikazu , Nagata Kenichiro , Tanaka Masayuki , Hasebe Shigeru , Yukita Takashi , Uchida Mayako , Suetsugu Kimitaka , Hirota Takeshi , Ieiri Ichiro
Published: May 2024

Background

Pharmacists should be aware of their thought processes in dispensing work, including differences in the dispensing complexities owing to different drug positions in the left, center, and right areas. Dispensing errors associated with “same-name drugs (a pair of drugs with the same name but a different ingredient quantity)” are prevalent and often negatively affect patients. In this study, using five pairs of comparative models, the gaze movements of pharmacists in dispensing work were analyzed using an eye-tracking method to elucidate their thought processes.

Methods

We prepared verification slides and displayed them on a prescription monitor and three drug rack monitors. The dispensing information (drug name, drug usage, location display, and total amount) was displayed on a prescription monitor. A total of 180 drugs including five target drugs were displayed on the three drug rack monitors. Total gaze points in the prescription area, those in the drug rack area, total vertical movements between the two areas, and time required to dispense drugs were measured as the four classifications Gaze 1, Gaze 2, Passage, and Time, respectively. First, we defined the two types of location displays as “numeral combination” and “color/symbol combination.” Next, we defined two pairs of models A1-A2 (numerals) and B1-B2 (color/symbol) to compare differences between the left and right areas. Moreover, three pairs of models C1-C2 (left), D1-D2 (center), and E1-E2 (right) were established to compare differences between “numeral combination” and “color/symbol combination.”

Results

Significant differences in the complexities of dispensing work were observed in Gaze 2, Passage, and Time between the models A1-A2 (A1B2), and in Gaze 2 and Time between the models C1-C2, D1-D2, and E1-E2 (C1>C2, D1>D2, and E1>E2, respectively).

Conclusions

Using the current dispensing rules, pharmacists are not good at dispensing drugs located in the right area. An effective measure for reducing the dispensing complexity is to introduce visual information in the prescription content; the utilization of the right brain facilitates reducing the complexity in the right dispensing area.
Evaluating the impact of school-based influenza vaccination programme on absenteeism and outbreaks at schools in Hong Kong: a retrospective cohort study protocol
Authors: Miao Chuhan , Lu Qingyang , Wu Yuqian , He Jianxun
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Seasonal influenza causes annual school breaks and student absenteeism in Hong Kong schools and kindergartens. This proposal aims to conduct a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of a school-based influenza vaccination (SIV) programme on absenteeism and outbreaks at schools in Hong Kong.

Methods

The study will compare schools that implemented the SIV programme with schools that did not. The data will be sourced from school records, encompassing absenteeism records, outbreak reports, and vaccination rates. We will recruit 1000 students from 381 schools and kindergartens in 18 districts of Hong Kong starting June 2024. The primary outcome measures will include absenteeism rates due to influenza and school influenza outbreaks. Secondary outcomes will consist of vaccination coverage rates and the impact of the SIV programme on hospitalisations due to influenza-like illness. A t-test will be conducted to compare the outcomes between schools with and without the SIV programme.

Ethics and dissemination

The school completed signing the participants’ informed consent form before reporting the data to us. Our study has been approved by the Hospital Authority Hong Kong West Cluster IRB Committee (IRB No: UW 17–111) and was a subtopic of the research “The estimated age-group specific influenza vaccine coverage rates in Hong Kong and the impact of the school outreach vaccination program”.

Trial registration

This study will be retrospectively registered.
Social Justice, Community Engagement, and Undergraduate STEM Education: Participatory Science as a Teaching Tool
Authors: Vance-Chalcraft Heather D. , Smith Kalynda Chivon , Allen Jessica , Bowser Gillian , Cooper Caren B. , Jelks Na’Taki Osborne , Karl Colleen , Kodner Robin , Laslo Mara
Published: May 2024

We examine the intersection of participatory science, social justice, and higher education in the United States to investigate how instructors can teach about social justice and enhance collaborations to work toward enacting social justice.
Ethical Issues Arising from the Use of AI in Drug Discovery
Authors: Livieri Georgia , Anastasopoulou Charikleia , Briola Konstantina , Nikolopoulou Panagiota , Efthymiou Iris Panagiota
Published: May 2024

Lately, the pharmaceutical industry has been implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in research in multiple ways for the purpose of drug discovery. AI has great benefits to offer by performing tasks that a human may not be capable of. However, it also raises many ethical issues that need to be resolved. After describing the general picture, this paper explores the benefits and disadvantages of AI and attempts to find answers to the challenges it poses in order to make sure that its use will be ethical, fair, unbiased and beneficial to people. The challenges addressed below focus on ensuring patients’ safety from biased AI algorithms and violation of their data privacy, the need to train and inform staff properly, as well as the necessity of achieving an optimal level of trust towards AI. In the end, some policy recommendations are being presented, aiming to contribute to the centralized approach and to the balanced sense among the uses of AI. The key to success is always taking into account human agency in order to make AI’s use transparent and robust, while minimizing its risks.
La reivindicación del pueblo raizal por medio de una alianza con el GAP: caso “Spa Providence”
Authors: Sánchez Quintero Anamaría , Barón González Nicolás
Published: May 2024

Una de las muchas novedades que trajo consigo la Constitución de Colombia de 1991 fue la inclusión del pluralismo de identidades culturales a través del reconocimiento de comunidades étnicas. Sin embargo, se ha visto cómo a lo largo de los años estas han sido olvidadas por el Estado y, como consecuencia de lo anterior, se han vulnerado sus derechos y garantías protegidas en el papel. Particularmente, la comunidad raizal ha sido discriminada e invisibilizada reiteradamente, debido a una desmemoria histórica con su pueblo y el territorio de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina. Así, el Grupo de Acciones Públicas (GAP) realizó una alianza con el pueblo raizal a través de la Veeduría Old Providence, que tuvo como objetivo su reivindicación, por medio de una constante lucha por la defensa del interés público. A partir de dicha alianza, se configuró el caso “Spa Providence” como una oportunidad de litigio estratégico encaminada a garantizar los derechos a la consulta previa y a la integridad cultural, del que son titulares los pueblos étnicos.
Deuda histórica del Estado colombiano frente a las personas en situación de prostitución: acción de inconstitucionalidad en contra del Código de Policía
Authors: Iregui-Parra Paola Marcela , Márquez Velásquez María Manuela
Published: May 2024

La prostitución es un fenómeno social de alta complejidad con graves impactos en materia de salud pública y derechos humanos; no obstante, su regulación en términos jurídicos no es clara. Así, aunque la jurisprudencia colombiana se ha pronunciado al respecto y se han adoptado medidas legislativas y jurisprudenciales, la deuda de un debate de fondo para atender la temática de manera integral permanece latente. En este capítulo se presenta el litigio estratégico realizado por el GAP contra unos artículos del Código de Policía que dio lugar a la Sentencia C-293/19, que, aunque inhibitoria, plantea un escenario positivo para la protección de las personas en situación de prostitución, en aras de que establece una interpretación diferenciada de las cargas, sanciones y posiciones de las personas inmersas en el ejercicio de la prostitución.
Efficient and Flexible Long-Tail Recommendation Using Cosine Patterns
Authors: Wang Yaqiong , Wu Junjie , Wu Zhiang , Adomavicius Gediminas
Published: May 2024

With the increasing use of recommender systems in various application domains, many algorithms have been proposed for improving the accuracy of recommendations. Among various dimensions of recommender systems performance, long-tail (niche) recommendation performance remains an important challenge in large part because of the popularity bias of many existing recommendation techniques. In this study, we propose CORE, a cosine pattern–based technique, for effective long-tail recommendation. Comprehensive experimental results compare the proposed approach with a wide variety of classic, widely used recommendation algorithms and demonstrate its practical benefits in accuracy, flexibility, and scalability in addition to the superior long-tail recommendation performance. 1

History: Accepted by Ramaswamy Ramesh, Area Editor for Data Science & Machine Learning.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72031001, 72072091, 72242101].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0194 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0194 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Evaluation of the Effect of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy on Electrolytes and Acidosis Resolution Time in Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Authors: Sezer Müge , Karacan Can Demir , Tuygun Nilden , Şenel Saliha
Published: May 2024

Objective: Fluid replacement and insulin infusion are the cornerstones of treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, but the optimal volume, rate of infusion, and electrolyte content of fluid replacement have been controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of treatment on pH, bicarbonate (HCO3), anion gap, chloride, and potassium levels as well as time to resolution of acidosis in children with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Material and Methods: Ninety-six episodes with diabetic ketoacidosis between January 2015-December 2017 were evaluated.

Results: The mean resolution time of acidosis was 13.4±7.1 hours. Anion gap was returned to normal in 68 (70.8%) episodes at the 4th hour of treatment with a mean of 11±4.2 mmol/L. Episodes with potassium phosphate (KPO4) replacement resulted in a faster increase in pH and a significantly shorter resolution time of acidosis (p<0.001). Acidosis persisted at the 16th hour of treatment in episodes with lower pH, lower serum bicarbonate (HCO3) and higher white blood cell (WBC) counts on admission (p<0.001, p=0.003 p=0.033, respectively). Hyperchloremia (Cl/Na ratio > 0.79) was observed in 97% of cases after 8 hours of treatment.

Conclusion: Although the value of the anion gap in predicting acidosis is controversial, severe DKA episodes and high white blood cell count at admission; potassium replacement with high amounts of chloride and KCl containing fluids given during treatment have been associated with a longer recovery time of acidosis.
Reflections of Children Victims of the Turkey Earthquake on February 6, 2023 to a Pediatric Emergency Department Far Away
Authors: Akkaya Bilge , Öztürk Betül , İnan Cihan , Güneylioğlu Muhammed Mustafa , Yaradılmış Raziye Merve , Aydın Orkun , Aydoğmuş Yüksel Hakan , Güngör Ali , Kulalı Ferit , Tuygun Nilden
Published: May 2024

Objective: After the earthquake, which was called the ‘Disaster of the Century’, which affected 11 provinces in our country on February 06, 2023 we presented the reflection of the grievances of children who were not trapped under the rubble in a pediatric emergency clinic 700 km away from the region. This study was aimed to evaluate the pediatric ‘earthquake victims’ patients, who were not trapped under the rubble, applied to the pediatric emergency department (PED) of a tertiary care children’s hospital.

Material and Methods: Between 7 February 2023 and 22 February 2023, the data of pediatric ‘earthquake victims’ who applied in the first 15 days after the earthquake to the PED of our hospital and were not trapped under the rubble, evaluated retrospectively. The admission times of the patients were divided into three groups as early, mid-term and late admissions. The age, gender, nationality, complaint and clinical characteristics of the patients, the province where they were exposed to the earthquake, the time from the moment of the earthquake to the application, the mode of transportation to the hospital diagnosis and treatments were recorded.

Results: The study included 719 earthquake victim children. Median age of patients was 49 months (IQR 16 – 105), 387 were male (53.8%). According to age classification, infancy (n=131; 18.2%), early childhood (n=192; 26.7%) and middle childhood (n=207; 28.8%) were the most frequent admissions. The first admission to our hospital after the earthquake was 19 hours later. Thirty five (4.8%) patients were applied due to accidents during the earthquake. The leading diagnoses of the patients applied were upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) (33.9%), acute gastroenteritis (14.4%) and otitis media (11.2%). Six hundred and sixty (91.8%) patients were discharged from the emergency department, 59 (8.2%) were hospitalized.

Conclusion: In the first days, while secondary accidents were at the forefront of the earthquake, in the following days, infections followed. Children are the most vulnerable group in disasters. For this reason, good planning should be done to deal with secondary accidents, infectious diseases and special medical conditions that may occur during the ‘healing’ period after disasters.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Newborns Referred to the Metabolism Department From the National Newborn Screening Program in Türkiye: A 5-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Koç Yekedüz Merve , Eminoğlu Fatma Tuba
Published: May 2024

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate biochemical and genetic tests and treatment plans of newborns referred to our center with inherited metabolic disorders screened in Türkiye National Newborn Screening Program (NNSP).

Material and Methods: The medical records of babies referred by the NNSP between January 2019 and November 2023 were scanned retrospectively. Plasma biotinidase activity and the biotinidase gene (BTD) analysis results for suspected biotinidase deficiency (BD), the plasma phenylalanine and phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH) analysis for a suspicion of phenylketonuria (PKU) were documented with treatment information.

Results: A total of 143 babies, 78 (54.5%) with suspected BD and 65 (45.5%) with suspected PKU were included. A PAH gene analysis was performed on 23 (35.4%) of those had high plasma phenylalanine levels, among which 86.9% were identified with the biallelic variant. Five patients were started on sapropterin-diet combined therapy, three on diet therapy and one on sapropterin therapy. In the first serum biotinidase activity measurement of babies referred with suspected BD, a heterozygous deficiency was detected in 48.7%, partial deficiency in 39.7% and profound deficiency in 10.3%. A BTD gene analysis was performed on 79.5% of those with suspected BD, and biallelic variants were detected in 50%. Forty-six patients (59.0%) underwent biotin treatment.

Conclusion: In our study, approximately one-third of the babies referred from NNSP over the five-year course of the study had biallelic variants of the relevant disease. Our research is one of the few studies on NNSP in our country and presents the diagnosis and treatment process of PKU and BD.
A REMIÇÃO PELA LEITURA: A EDUCAÇÃO COMO UM INSTRUMENTO DE TRANSFORMAÇÃO SOCIAL NO CONTEXTO PRISIONAL / REDUCTION OF TIME SERVED THROUGH READING: EDUCATION AS A TOOL FOR SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE PRISONAL CONTEXT
Authors: Alves Samantha Aparecida Correa , Bon Tempo Marayana Medeiros , Oliveira Maísa Aparecida de
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo analisa as resenhas produzidas por reeducandos participantes do Projeto “Remição Pela Leitura”, que destaca a importância da educação como ferramenta de transformação e reintegração social. Tal projeto foi instituído pelo Tribunal de Justiça Militar de Minas Gerais (TJMG) como meio de viabilização da remição de pena por estudo, prevista na Lei nº 7.2010, de 11 de julho de 1984, conhecida como Lei de Execução Penal. A proposta ocorre em parceria com o Programa de Educação Tutorial (PET) do curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, com a Defensoria Pública e com a Unidade Prisional de Visconde do Rio Branco (VRB). O estudo realizado se concentrou na análise e reflexão dos resultados obtidos em 2023, a partir das resenhas produzidas pelos reeducandos da Unidade Prisional de VRB. Utilizando essas resenhas como principal corpus documental para a realização da pesquisa, foi possível extrair dados relevantes, como a escolaridade dos participantes, resenhas plagiadas, identificação de textos ilegíveis e as notas finais das resenhas, da mesma forma, o estudo realizado viabilizou relacionar como a escolaridade dos participantes influenciou o desempenho dos mesmos. Ao total, realizou-se análise de 307 resenhas, e observou-se, na perspectiva dos autores, que o Projeto, enquanto Política Social, constitui-se como um instrumento eficaz para fomentar transformações nas Unidades Prisionais, estimulando o envolvimento de práticas da leitura e escrita, que desempenham papéis significativos para a continuidade do processo educacional e a reintegração social do reeducando após cumprir sua pena de reclusão. Em síntese, os resultados aqui postos reforçam a importância de iniciativas que enfoquem a educação como um espaço privilegiado para desenvolvimento humano.
A EDUCAÇÃO NO SISTEMA PENITENCIÁRIO: UM ESTUDO EM UNIDADES PRISIONAIS DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL / EDUCATION IN THE PENITENTIARY SYSTEM: A STUDY IN PRISON UNITS IN THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Narvaz Martha Giudice , Machado Alessandra Cilene Abramowicz
Published: May 2024

A presente pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar a situação da oferta da educação prisional em unidades penitenciárias do Estado do RS. De abordagem qualitativa, descritivo-exploratória, a pesquisa foi organizada na forma de estudo de caso, utilizando-se o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Participaram do estudo seis agentes penitenciários que integram três unidades prisionais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados apontaram para a oferta de educação nas unidades participantes da pesquisa nas etapas do Ensino Fundamental e Ensino Médio na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Ressalta-se a importância da educação no sistema prisional para a qualificação profissional das pessoas privadas de liberdade, o que pode incidir em melhores condições de trabalho e renda, contribuindo para a ressocialização. Os desafios dizem respeito à falta de investimentos em recursos materiais e humanos para a efetiva implementação da educação prisional no sistema penitenciário. O estudo, contudo, tem limitações, recomendando-se a realização de pesquisas mais abrangentes, envolvendo outras unidades prisionais e maior número e diversidade de participantes, tais como educadores, gestores e apenados, o que permitirá ampliar a compreensão da situação da educação nos sistemas prisionais do Estado e, assim, instrumentalizar políticas públicas na direção da cidadania das pessoas privadas de liberdade.
(RES)SIGNIFICANDO HORIZONTES: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A REMIÇÃO PELA LEITURA / (RE) THINKING HORIZONS: CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT REMISSION BY READING
Authors: Macedo Aquino Neliane Raquel
Published: May 2024

A leitura, como ato que compreende todos os espaços da vida do homem, também está presente nas instituições penais brasileiras por meio do recém criado projeto Remição pela Leitura. A pessoa privada de liberdade utiliza o projeto de leitura para remir a pena e para promover o desenvolvimento social. Nesse sentido, analisa-se o processo de construção cidadã das pessoas privadas de liberdade instituído nas disposições legais que envolvem a Remição pela Leitura, contribuindo para a reflexão acerca da presença da leitura nos espaços penais como forma não apenas de remir a pena, mas de propor dignidade humana para a pessoa privada de liberdade, conforme a CF/88. Todavia, é necessário compreender como os dispositivos legais podem, de fato, promover o desenvolvimento e reflexão sobre si e sobre o mundo. Assim, esse artigo analisa o papel da leitura promovido pelo projeto Remição pela Leitura. Em vista do que é proposto no referido projeto, é necessário compreender e analisar como os dispositivos legais visam materializar a leitura para pessoas privadas de liberdade. Busca-se, portanto, contribuir para a ressocialização da pessoa privada de liberdade. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa de revisão bibliográfica sobre a importância da leitura e dos pressupostos legais, analisa-se que ele é mais do que oportunidade para remir a pena, entretanto, há que se melhorar na sua constituição para que a leitura, de fato, possa cumprir o seu papel.
PRISÃO, GÊNERO E SOLIDARIEDADE: VISÕES E CONTRADIÇÕES NA EXPERIÊNCIA DAS MULHERES AUTORAS DE CRIMES / PRISON, GENDER AND SOLIDARITY: VIEWS AND CONTRADICTIONS IN THE EXPERIENCE OF WOMAN WHO COMMIT CRIMES
Authors: Klasmann Kamila , Mariano Silvana Aparecida
Published: May 2024

O artigo analisa a situação de prisão e restrição de liberdade nas experiências das mulheres autoras de crime, considerando os padrões das relações de gênero, com base em abordagens feministas. O objetivo é compreender os efeitos da prisão a partir de dois recortes: os atravessamentos de gênero nas vivências do cumprimento da pena, durante e após o período em regime fechado, e as concepções de solidariedade feminina entre elas. A investigação, de caráter qualitativo, foi desenvolvida na interação entre pesquisa e extensão, tendo como ambiente um projeto de extensão realizado em 2023 no Patronato Penitenciário de Londrina, local onde foram ministrados cursos de extensão com mulheres em cumprimento de penas de restrição de liberdade, abordando como método a pedagogia da escuta e a escuta ativa. Para além dos relatórios de campos produzidos durante os cursos, foram entrevistadas individualmente sete participantes do projeto, com a técnica de entrevista narrativa. Este artigo analisa a narrativa de quatro mulheres egressas do sistema prisional no Paraná, ao mesmo tempo em que reflete sobre os relatos fornecidos durante os cursos de extensão. O estudo expõe como padrões de gênero, classe e raça conformam dificuldades particulares para essas mulheres e como a solidariedade feminina emerge como um fator contraditório em suas experiências.
EDUCAÇÃO COMO DIREITO HUMANO EM CONTEXTOS DE PRIVAÇÃO DE LIBERDADE – ENTREVISTA COM ANA CLAÚDIA FERREIRA GODINHO / EDUCATION AS A HUMAN RIGHT IN CONTEXTS OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY - INTERVIEW WITH ANA CLÁUDIA FERREIRA GODINHO
Authors: Godinho Ana Claúdia Ferreira , Pasche Marcos Estevão Gomes , Alves Isabella Faustino
Published: May 2024

Resumo: Entrevista realizada por Marcos Estevão Gomes Pasche e Isabella Faustino Alves com a professora Ana Claúdia Ferreira Godinho que aborda o percurso profissional da entevistada, bem como suas produções e reflexões sobre a educação em contextos de privação de liberdade. A entrevistada discute questões relacionadas às atividades de remição de pena pela leitura, ao papel da universidade no desenvolvimento de ações educativas em contextos de privação de liberdade e à educação como como direito humano. A professora defende que sejam implementda uma abordagem educacional direcionada à formação humana, buscando-se o desenvolvimento pleno das pessoas em privação de liberdade, de modo a contribuir em seus processos de ressocialização e sinaliza a existência de experiências exitosas nesse sentido.
SABERES NECESSÁRIOS AO ENSINO DE LIBRAS L2 CENTRADO NO GÊNERO:
Authors: Felisberto de Caldas Aguiar Girlaine , Gonçalves de Macedo Reinaldo Maria Augusta , Barbosa das Neves Porto Shirley
Published: May 2024

Resumo: Este trabalho tematiza a área da Libras como Segunda Língua (L2) para ouvintes, no campo de gêneros textuais O objetivo é descrever os mecanismos de textualização em segmentos textuais utilizados pelo enunciador entrevistado em um exemplar do gênero entrevista com especialista. O campo teórico está representado por contribuições do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (ISD) e seus objetos de estudo - modelo de análise e produção de texto e modelo didático de gênero. O contexto de produção dos dados para análise é o de uma entrevista realizada pela pesquisadora (primeira autora) com um especialista em Educação Física para alunos surdos. Os resultados da análise mostram que os enunciados da textualização estão associados ao tema central e ao objetivo do texto sinalizado - apresentar coerência textual no plano da textualização, bem como as unidades linguísticas que marcam a conexão (plano de textualização representado linguisticamente por sinais que funcionam como organizadores textuais); coesão nominal (dêixis pessoal, sinalização espacial e advérbio pronominal); e coesão verbal (verbo ação e verbo ação-colocação). Essa configuração pode subsidiar a construção de um modelo de descrição com vista a sua didatização no ensino de Libras L2 para aprendizes ouvintes e a formação de professore de Libras.
Palavras-chave: Libras L2; Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo; Entrevista com Especialista; Modelo Análise de Texto.
A INTERSECAO ENTRE O SABER LINGUISTICO E A PRATICA DOCENTE
Authors: Santos Shélida Da Silva dos , Abrahão Passos Faht Luciana
Published: May 2024

O ensino de língua portuguesa na educação básica apresenta alguns desafios, entre eles a conciliação dos estudos variacionistas desenvolvidos na academia com sua aplicação em sala de aula. Esse procedimento exige preparo do docente e sua conscientização de professor e pesquisador atento aos usos dos elementos gramaticais em diferentes situações comunicativas, como previsto nos documentos oficiais (BNCC, 2018; LEI 9394/1996). Na tentativa de aplicar essas questões, o presente artigo apresenta a proposta de unir o saber linguístico, a partir da Teoria da Variação e Mudança (WEINREICH, LABOV & HERZOG, 2006 [1968]), e a prática docente em torno do objeto direto anafórico.
Tópico-marcado nas redações escolares do Ensino Fundamental II
Authors: Melo Elaine Alves Santos , Barbosa de Oliveira Simone
Published: May 2024

Neste trabalho, objetiva-se (i) descrever as construções de tópico marcado em redações escolares de estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II; (ii) refletir sobre a relação entre as construções de tópico marcado do português brasileiro e a percepção do nível de letramento dos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II. Tais derivações podem ser divididas de acordo com as suas estruturas: (i) há um movimento do constituinte sintático (cf. RAPOSO et alli, 2014) – como na topicalização, no tópico-sujeito e no antitópico; (ii) há a duplicação, ou cópia do termo topicalizado que se realiza na margem à esquerda – deslocamento à esquerda (cf. NICOLAU DE PAULA, 2012); (iii) há a quebra total na estrutura da predicação: anacoluto ou tópico pendente. Defendemos que as distintas estratégias de tópico-marcado no gênero redação escolar evidenciam a menor ou a maiorpercepção do estudante em relação às estratégias de organização textual, o que, por hipótese, evidenciaria o seu grau de letramento. A metodologia é de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo, utilizou-se o Goldvarb-X (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE e SMITH, 2005) e baseia-se na Linguística Textual (KOCH, 1992; MARCUSCHI, 1997) e no Programa Minimalista (CHOMSKY, 1995). Os resultados revelam que: (i) entre os estudantes das escolas públicas há maior uso de estratégias com ruptura sintática; (ii) ao longo da escolarização, os estudantes apresentam dificuldade na percepção da relação entre as construções de tópico marcado e a linearização dos períodos sintáticos.
Gramática na sala de aula
Authors: Balduino Bispo Edvaldo , Cordeiro Fernando da Silva , Silva dos Santos David William
Published: May 2024

Contemplamos, neste artigo, a percepção de professores de língua portuguesa quanto à abordagem de tópicos gramaticais no livro didático (LD) e em sua prática pedagógica. Objetivamos analisar essa percepção e discutir perspectivas para a prática docente assentada em premissas funcionalistas associadas às orientações curriculares oficiais. Fundamentamo-nos na vertente norte-americana da Linguística Funcional (GIVÓN, 1995; FURTADO DA CUNHA; BISPO, 2013) e em sua interface com as diretrizes oficiais para o ensino de língua portuguesa no Brasil (BISPO; CORDEIRO; LUCENA, 2022). Desenvolvemos uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa e descritivo-interpretativista. Os resultados mostram, por um lado, que a maioria dos professores avalia positivamente o modo como o LD explora o conteúdo gramatical, mas vê como tradicional sua prática profissional; por outro lado, esses professores entendem a necessidade de mudanças tanto em sua atuação docente quanto no LD. Em termos da proposta funcionalista, demonstramos que o ensino de qualquer categoria gramatical deve tomar por referência o texto, considerá-lo como peça de interação e, nesse sentido, explorar todos os fatores que contingenciam sua produção e recepção. Além disso, devem ser examinadas, primeiramente, as propriedades funcionais da categoria focalizada e, em seguida, suas formas de manifestação linguística. Tais propriedades devem ser relacionadas ao conteúdo do texto, à construção de sentidos e ao(s) propósito(s) comunicativo(s) envolvido(s). A ideia é, portanto, estudar o fenômeno linguístico em seu funcionamento em texto(s) autêntico(s).