bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe diabetic ketoacidosis leading to cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema and spinal cord oedema resulting in tetraplegia
Authors: Christodoulidou Michelle , Selmi Fahed
Published: December 2012

A 23-year-old man with poorly controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus presented to casualty with community-acquired pneumonia and diabetic ketoacidosis. Shortly after admission he deteriorated and developed cardiac failure, pulmonary oedema and further decreased level of consciousness. He was sedated and ventilated for 3 weeks in the intensive care unit. On waking from sedation he was found to be tetraplegic. MRI scan showed gross oedema of the cervical spinal cord with area suspicious of infarction. We describe a rare cause of spinal cord injury and discuss the proposed hypotheses.
An 8-year-old boy with severe disseminatedStaphylococcus aureusinfection
Authors: Wangjirapan Anchalee , Kongthavonsakul Kritsana , Oberdorfer Peninnah
Published: December 2012

We report an 8-year-old boy who developed high fever and low-back pain. He was diagnosed as having a paravertebral abscess with severe disseminatedStaphylococcus aureusinfection. He received intravenous antibiotics and drainage of the abscess. Afterwards, he developed thrombosis, endocarditis and empyema thoracis. He received further intravenous antibiotics and proper drainages for his conditions. He eventually recovered well. This case highlights the need for rapid diagnosis and appropriate treatment of severeS aureusinfection to prevent serious complications.
Heparin-induced tumour bleed
Authors: Madhugiri Venkatesh S , Mahadevan Anita , Gundamaneni Sudheer Kumar , Singh Manish
Published: December 2012

Patients with gliomas are at risk for deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolic events, and pharmacological prophylaxis may be indicated. This recommendation needs to be weighed against the risk of spontaneous haemorrhage from certain brain tumours. A patient, who was hemiparetic owing to a high-grade glioma and was started on heparin prophylaxis, developed a tumour bleed. The relevant issues are briefly discussed.
A reversible cause of coma in epilepsy
Authors: Kesav Praveen , VY Vishnu , Khurana Dheeraj
Published: December 2012

A 13-year-old girl presented to our emergency department in a comatose state with history of epilepsy. Evaluation of the common causes of altered sensorium in the setting of background epilepsy turned out to be negative. Ultimately she was diagnosed to be having reversible coma due to valproate-induced hyperammonaemia.
Nucleotides metabolizing ectoenzymes as possible markers of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Roszek Katarzyna , Błaszczak Agnieszka , Wujak Magdalena , Komoszyński Michał
Published: December 2012

Growing murine mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) from mouse bone marrow decreased their rate of proliferation in the presence of benzoylbenzoyl-ATP persistently, but the inhibitory effect of ATP was strong only in a concentration of 50 μmol·L−1 and lasted for 48 h in culture. These results hinted at ATP hydrolysis by the cell surface enzymes at the lower concentrations and thus it may be not able to inhibit MSCs. By using ATP, ADP, or AMP as substrates, we tested the ectonucleotidase activity on the surface of undifferentiated MSCs and MSC-derived osteoblasts. Here, we report that although nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase)1 and NTPDase8 are engaged in the metabolism of ATP in MSC-derived osteoblasts, NTPDase3 is responsible for its metabolism in undifferentiated MSCs. In this study, we also realized that osteoblasts effectively metabolize ADP to ATP and AMP. The enzymatic activity of adenylate kinase (AK) is consistent with the high expression level of the AK gene. Therefore, it was tempting to suggest that this enzyme, together with NTPDase1 and NTPDase8, assume the role of specific markers that allowed distinction between differentiated osteoblasts and early undifferentiated MSCs. Additionally, unlike osteoblasts, undifferentiated MSCs demonstrated the activity of 5′-nucleotidase (CD73). However, the expression analysis of CD73 mRNA did not show any differences; CD73 mRNA was expressed in both kinds of cells to the same extent.
Two arctic tundra graminoids differ in tolerance to herbivory when grown with added soil nutrients
Authors: Johnson David R. , Gough Laura
Published: December 2012

Greater soil nutrients are thought to increase graminoid tolerance to herbivory (within-season regrowth following herbivore damage) by enabling new growth in response to defoliation, but these responses vary among graminoid species. We studied how two arctic graminoids, Eriophorum vaginatum (L.) in moist acidic tussock (MAT) tundra and Hierochloe alpina (Roem. & Schult.) in dry heath (DH) tundra, tolerate both experimental and natural herbivory when fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus. Fertilization reduced the tolerance and recovery (regrowth in subsequent years) of defoliated Eriophorum relative to plants growing without fertilization. In contrast, fertilized Hierochloe plants regrew well following defoliation. These opposing results may be due to differential abilities of these two species to access other resources in MAT and DH when fertilized. Herbivory may be affecting access to light of Eriophorum in the more productive, closed canopy MAT, in spite of its ability to grow bigger when fertilized. Hierochloe may not face such a limitation in the more open DH community. Alternatively, the different responses between these two species could be caused by environmental differences between the two communities. Regardless, our results suggest that although high tolerance is thought to be a functional characteristic of graminoids, tolerance to herbivory varies within and between species with soil nutrient availability and thus caution must be exercised in predicting responses to herbivory within this plant growth form.
A Bayesian modelling framework for the estimation of catch-at-age of commercially harvested fish species
Authors: Hirst David , Storvik Geir , Rognebakke Hanne , Aldrin Magne , Aanes Sondre , Vølstad Jon Helge
Published: December 2012

A Bayesian hierarchical model was developed to estimate catch-at-age from commercial fishery data. Most common forms of data can be utilized: age and length, length-stratified ages, and length only. There is no need to construct an age–length key. Both landings and discards can be estimated, as can the effects of age reading errors. Estimates can be made for difficult to distinguish stocks, where stock identification is only possible in some fish, for example, by using otoliths and age determination. Uncertainty in stock identification can be included in this modelling approach which allows errors in the estimates to be fully captured in their posterior distributions. An important component of this model is the inclusion of random effects to account for positive correlation in both fish size and age within the sampling units.
Whole-cell and nuclear NADPH oxidases levels and distribution in human endocardial endothelial, vascular smooth muscle, and vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Ahmarani Lena , Avedanian Levon , Al-Khoury Johny , Perreault Claudine , Jacques Danielle , Bkaily Ghassan
Published: December 2012

The results of our study show that whole-cell and nuclear levels of NADPH oxidase-1 (NOX1) are similar in human vascular endothelial cells (hVECs) and smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs), but lower in human endocardial endothelial cells (hEECs). NOX2 levels were higher in hVECs and lower in hVSMCs. NOX3 levels were the same in hVECs and hVSMCs, but lower in hEECs. NOX4 levels were similar in all of the cell types. NOX4 levels were higher in hVECs than in hVSMCs. NOX5 was also present throughout the 3 cell types, including their nuclei, in the following order: hEECs > hVSMCs > hVECs. The level of basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) was highest in hVECs and lowest in hVSMCs. However, the Ca2+ level was highest in hVSMCs and lowest in hVECs. These findings suggest that all types of NOXs exist in hEECs, hVECs, and hVSMCs, although their density and distribution are cell-type dependent. The density of the different NOXs correlated with the ROS level, but not with the Ca2+ level. In conclusion, NOXs, including NOX3, exist in cardiovascular cells and their nuclei. The nucleus is a major source of ROS generation. The nuclear NOXs may contribute to ROS and Ca2+ homeostasis, which may affect cell remodeling, including the formation of nuclear T-tubules in vascular diseases and aging.
Lateral variation in sandstone lithofacies from conventional core, Scotian Basin: implications for reservoir quality and connectivity 1This article is one of a series of papers published in this CJES Special Issue on the theme of Mesozoic–Cenozoic geology of the Scotian Basin. 2Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20120021.
Authors: Gould Kathleen M. , Piper David J.W. , Pe-Piper Georgia
Published: December 2012

Facies analysis in outcrops on land is strongly dependent on the lateral variability of lithofacies. Interpretation of conventional core in wells relies principally on the vertical succession of lithofacies. To better understand depositional environments and reservoir sandstone connectivity, the lithofacies of reservoir sandstones sampled in conventional core were correlated laterally through two sets of closely spaced wells in the Scotian Basin: in the Barremian–Albian succession around the Panuke–Cohasset field and in the Late Jurassic succession west of the Venture field. Regional correlation by gamma logs is confirmed by lithologically similar transgressive units including shelly mudstones or coals. A standard scheme of lithofacies and recognition of three types of parasequences were used for comparisons between wells. Some transgressive surfaces are of limited extent and may represent delta distributary switching and subsidence rather than regional changes in sea level. Major sandstone packets extend at least 10–30 km laterally, but commonly show lateral changes in lithofacies, and some are bounded by the margins of incised valleys. Such packages show poor correlation of lithofacies with porosity and permeability, probably because of the variable effects of diagenesis. Lateral transitions from tidal estuary sandstones in Panuke B-90 to thick-bedded river-mouth turbidites in Lawrence D-14, over a distance of 15 km, demonstrates the scale of delta lobes and confirms that sharp-based sandstone beds are turbidites related to river floods, not storm deposits. Similar lateral transitions in the Venture field are on a similar scale and pass distally into prodeltaic muddy landslide deposits.
The effects of water currents on walleye (Sander vitreus) eggs and larvae and implications for the early survival of walleye in Lake Erie
Authors: Humphrey Sarah , Zhao Yingming , Higgs Dennis
Published: December 2012

Advection of teleost early life stages from nursery habitats can greatly impact year-class strength. Few studies test the effects of current on retention in freshwater fish eggs and larvae, so we used walleye (Sander vitreus) to assess current effects throughout egg and larval development and the role of substrate on egg retention. Eggs were removed from sand substrates at currents of 12 cm·s–1, but much higher speeds were required for removal from tile or stones. Larvae exhibited biphasic swimming ability, with slow swimming below 21 mm total length and rapidly increasing ability above 21 mm. These data necessitate adjusting models currently used to link water current and nursery advection in this and similar species, as the current effects were clearly substrate- and size-dependent.
Food restriction prior to release reduces precocious maturity and improves migration tendency of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts
Authors: Vainikka Anssi , Huusko Riina , Hyvärinen Pekka , Korhonen Pekka K. , Laaksonen Tapio , Koskela Juha , Vielma Jouni , Hirvonen Heikki , Salminen Matti
Published: December 2012

Since food availability is known to affect both the precocious maturation and start of feeding migration in wild juvenile salmonids, we examined if a reduction in otherwise plentiful feeding in hatcheries could improve migration tendency and the subsequent survival of released Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. A reduction in diet lipid content and feed ration (FR) the previous spring and in FR in the winter prior to release proved efficient; spring-diet treatment halved the proportion of mature males in the autumn prior to release, and a reduction in FR in the winter prior to release decreased latency before leaving the stocking site. In addition, a reduction in FR in winter affected the onset of migration, improved migration speed, and defined the direction of migration downstream in controlled experiments. However, diet manipulations neither affected the swimming endurance nor improved the generally poor tag recapture rates. We conclude that reduced FR at specific times could be used to reduce both precocious male maturity and improve the migration tendency of released salmon.
MODIFIED JORDAN–BRANS–DICKE THEORY WITH SCALAR CURRENT AND THE EDDINGTON–ROBERTSON γ-PARAMETER
Authors: MOFFAT J. W. , TOTH V. T.
Published: December 2012

The Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation, which promotes the gravitational constant to a dynamical scalar field, predicts a value for the Eddington–Robertson post-Newtonian parameter γ that is significantly different from the general relativistic value of unity. This contradicts precision solar system measurements that tightly constrain γ around 1. We consider a modification of the theory, in which the scalar field is sourced explicitly by matter. We find that this leads to a modified expression for the γ-parameter. In particular, a specific choice of the scalar current yields γ = 1, just as in general relativity, while the weak equivalence principle is also satisfied. This result has important implications for theories that mimic Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory in the post-Newtonian limit in the solar system, including our scalar–tensor–vector gravity (STVG) modified gravity theory (MOG).
INHOMOGENEOUS COSMOLOGICAL MODELS AND H0 OBSERVATIONS
Authors: ROMANO ANTONIO ENEA
Published: December 2012

We address some recent erroneous claim that H0 observations are difficult to accommodate with LTB cosmological models, showing how to construct solutions in agreement with an arbitrary value of H0 by rewriting the exact solution in terms of dimensionless parameters and functions. This approach can be applied to fully exploit LTB solutions in designing models alternative to dark energy without making any restrictive or implicit assumption about the inhomogeneity profile. The same solution can also be used to study structure formation in the regime in which perturbation theory is not enough and an exact solution of the Einstein's equation is required, or to estimate the effects of a local inhomogeneities on the apparent equation of state of dark energy.
A phthalocyanine-based fluorescent sensor forZn2+ion
Authors: He Hui , Liu Jian-Yong , Ng Dennis K.P.
Published: December 2012

This paper describes the preparation and spectral properties of a near-infrared fluorophore in which two bis(2-picolyl)amino moieties are axially linked to a silicon(IV) phthalocyanine core. The effects of various metal ions on its absorption and fluorescence spectra have been examined. The results indicate that this compound shows a high sensitivity and moderate selectivity toward Zn2+ion.
Dechlorination of DDT catalyzed by visible-light-driven system composed of vitamin B12 derivative and Rhodamine B
Authors: Tahara Keishiro , Mikuriya Kumiko , Masuko Takahiro , Kikuchi Jun-ichi , Hisaeda Yoshio
Published: December 2012

The visible-light-driven dechlorination of 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) was carried out in the presence of a hydrophobic vitamin B12 , heptamethyl cobyrinate perchlorate and Rhodamine B . DDT was successfully dechlorinated to form 1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane (DDD) as the mono-dechlorinated product upon visible light irradiation with a tungsten lamp (λ > 440 nm). Upon prolonged visible light irradiation to DDT, DDMU (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene), DDMS (1-chloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane) and DCS (trans-4,4′-dichlorostilbene) were obtained as the di- and tri-dechlorinated products. The use of the photostable organic sensitizer enabled prolonged photocatalysis via a noble-metal-free process. The vitamin B12 derivative was replaced by an imine/oxime-type cobalt complex although the cobalt complex system showed a lower catalytic activity than the B12 derivative system. The dechlorination mechanism in the B12 -Rhodamin B system was investigated by various methods such as UV-vis absorption and fluorescence quenching.
PHOTOLUMINESCENCE ENHANCEMENT AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF SURFACE MODIFIED Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ PHOSPHOR BY CHEMICAL WET ETCHING
Authors: HE ZHIJIANG , LI ZEBIN , FAN XIAOXUAN , CHENG WEIHAI , JU JIAQI , OU QIONGRONG , LIANG RONGQING
Published: December 2012

Surface of Y3Al5O12 : Ce3+ Phosphor was modified by wet etching in 40% NH4F+CH3COOH (1:1) solution for 5 h. SEM results show that smooth surface of phosphor particles turn rough, and edge angles are less sharp as before. PL determinations indicate that backscattering loss of the excited light reduces by 3.9% and emission power is enhanced by 10.7%. Meanwhile, after the surface modification, YAG phosphor presents a lower temperature decay rate of 1.2% at 373 K, which is well explained by the configurational coordinate diagram. Therefore, this method can greatly enhance the efficient of light conversion, extraction and stabilization of pc-LED.
Coding of repetitive transients by auditory cortex on posterolateral superior temporal gyrus in humans: an intracranial electrophysiology study
Authors: Nourski Kirill V. , Brugge John F. , Reale Richard A. , Kovach Christopher K. , Oya Hiroyuki , Kawasaki Hiroto , Jenison Rick L. , Howard Matthew A.
Published: December 2012

Evidence regarding the functional subdivisions of human auditory cortex has been slow to converge on a definite model. In part, this reflects inadequacies of current understanding of how the cortex represents temporal information in acoustic signals. To address this, we investigated spatiotemporal properties of auditory responses in human posterolateral superior temporal (PLST) gyrus to acoustic click-train stimuli using intracranial recordings from neurosurgical patients. Subjects were patients undergoing chronic invasive monitoring for refractory epilepsy. The subjects listened passively to acoustic click-train stimuli of varying durations (160 or 1,000 ms) and rates (4–200 Hz), delivered diotically via insert earphones. Multicontact subdural grids placed over the perisylvian cortex recorded intracranial electrocorticographic responses from PLST and surrounding areas. Analyses focused on averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) and high gamma (70–150 Hz) event-related band power (ERBP). Responses to click trains featured prominent AEP waveforms and increases in ERBP. The magnitude of AEPs and ERBP typically increased with click rate. Superimposed on the AEPs were frequency-following responses (FFRs), most prominent at 50-Hz click rates but still detectable at stimulus rates up to 200 Hz. Loci with the largest high gamma responses on PLST were often different from those sites that exhibited the strongest FFRs. The data indicate that responses of non-core auditory cortex of PLST represent temporal stimulus features in multiple ways. These include an isomorphic representation of periodicity (as measured by the FFR), a representation based on increases in non-phase-locked activity (as measured by high gamma ERBP), and spatially distributed patterns of activity.
Some Aspects of d‐Units in d/BCK‐Algebras
Authors: Kim Hee Sik , Neggers J. , So Keum Sook
Published: December 2012

We explore properties of the set of d‐units of a d‐algebra. A property of interest in the study of d‐units in d‐algebras is the weak associative property. It is noted that many other d‐algebras, especially BCK‐algebras, are in fact weakly associative. The existence of d/BCK‐algebras which are not weakly associative is demonstrated. Moreover, the notions of a d‐integral domain and a left‐injectivity are discussed.
TLR2 in Pleural Fluid Is Modulated by Talc Particles during Pleurodesis
Authors: Jankovicova Karolina , Kondelkova Katerina , Habal Petr , Andrys Ctirad , Krejsek Jan , Mandak Jiri
Published: December 2012

The aim of this study was to examine the role of TLR2 molecule in pleural space during thoracoscopic talc pleurodesis period in patients with malignant pleural effusion. We analyzed TLR2 molecule in soluble form as well as on membrane of granulocytes in pleural fluid. Pleural fluid examination was done at three intervals during pleurodesis procedure: 1st—before the thoracoscopic procedure, 2nd—2 hours after the terminating thoracoscopic procedure with talc insufflation, 3rd—24 hours after the thoracoscopic procedure. We reported significant increase of soluble TLR2 molecule in pleural fluid effusion during talc pleurodesis from preoperative value. This increase was approximately 8-fold in the interval of 24 hours. The changes on granulocyte population were quite different. The mean fluorescent intensity of membrane TLR2 molecule examined by flow cytometry on granulocyte population significantly decreased after talc exposure with comparison to prethoracoscopic density. To estimate the prognostic value of TLR2 expression in pleural fluid patients were retrospectively classified into either prognostically favourable or unfavourable groups. Our results proved that patients with favourable prognosis had more than 3-fold higher soluble TLR2 level in pleural fluid early, 2 hours after talc pleurodesis intervention.
Emissivity Measurement of Semitransparent Textiles
Authors: Bison P. , Bortolin A. , Cadelano G. , Ferrarini G. , Grinzato E.
Published: December 2012

In the textiles production industry it is more and more common to advertise new textiles, especially for sportswear, by claiming their ability to emit IR radiation in the long wave band at a higher degree with respect to normal clothes, that is highly beneficial to improve sporting performances. Three textiles are compared, one normal and two “special,” with Ag+ ions and carbon powder added, with different colors. The emissivity of the textiles has been measured to determine if it is increased in the “special” textiles with respect to the normal one. No substantial increase has been noticed. Nonetheless, the test implied some nonstandard procedures due to the semitransparent nature of the textiles, in comparison with the normal procedure that is commonly used on opaque surfaces.
Development of a Novel Double-Ring Deployable Mesh Antenna
Authors: Xu Yan , Guan Fuling , Xu Xian , Wang Hongjian , Zheng Yao
Published: December 2012

This paper addresses a type of deployable mesh antenna consisting of the double-ring deployable truss edge frame and the cable net reflector. The structural design concept of the deployable antennas is presented. The deployable truss is designed and the geometric relationship of each strut length is formulated. Two types of radial truss elements are described and compared. The joint pattern and the active cables of the final design concept are determined. The pattern of the cable net is the three-orientation grid. Two connection schemes between the reflector and the deployable edge frame are investigated. The design parameters and the shape adjustment mechanism of this cable net are determined. The measurement test technologies of the antennas on the ground including test facilities, deployment test, and measurement and adjustment test are proposed. The antenna patterns are analyzed based on the real surfaces of the reflector obtained by the reflective surface accuracy measurement. The tests and analytic results indicated that the accuracy of the reflective surface is high and is suitable for low-frequency communication.
Model for Microcirculation Transportation Network Design
Authors: Chen Qun , Shi Feng
Published: December 2012

The idea of microcirculation transportation was proposed to shunt heavy traffic on arterial roads through branch roads. The optimization model for designing micro‐circulation transportation network was developed to pick out branch roads as traffic‐shunting channels and determine their required capacity, trying to minimize the total reconstruction expense and land occupancy subject to saturation and reconstruction space constraints, while accounting for the route choice behaviour of network users. Since micro‐circulation transportation network design problem includes both discrete and continuous variables, a discretization method was developed to convert two groups of variables (discrete variables and continuous variables) into one group of new discrete variables, transforming the mixed network design problem into a new kind of discrete network design problem with multiple values. The genetic algorithm was proposed to solve the new discrete network design problem. Finally a numerical example demonstrated the efficiency of the model and algorithm.
A Gabor-Block-Based Kernel Discriminative Common Vector Approach Using Cosine Kernels for Human Face Recognition
Authors: Kar Arindam , Bhattacharjee Debotosh , Basu Dipak Kumar , Nasipuri Mita , Kundu Mahantapas
Published: December 2012

In this paper a nonlinear Gabor Wavelet Transform (GWT) discriminant feature extraction approach for enhanced face recognition is proposed. Firstly, the low-energized blocks from Gabor wavelet transformed images are extracted. Secondly, the nonlinear discriminating features are analyzed and extracted from the selected low-energized blocks by the generalized Kernel Discriminative Common Vector (KDCV) method. The KDCV method is extended to include cosine kernel function in the discriminating method. The KDCV with the cosine kernels is then applied on the extracted low-energized discriminating feature vectors to obtain the real component of a complex quantity for face recognition. In order to derive positive kernel discriminative vectors, we apply only those kernel discriminative eigenvectors that are associated with nonzero eigenvalues. The feasibility of the low-energized Gabor-block-based generalized KDCV method with cosine kernel function models has been successfully tested for classification using theL1, L2distance measures; and the cosine similarity measure on both frontal and pose-angled face recognition. Experimental results on the FRAV2D and the FERET database demonstrate the effectiveness of this new approach.
Locomotor Development Prediction Based on Statistical Model Parameters Identification
Authors: Wildemann A. V. , Tashkinov A. A. , Bronnikov V. A.
Published: December 2012

This paper introduces an approach for parameters identification of a statistical predicting model with the use of the available individual data. Unknown parameters are separated into two groups: the ones specifying the average trend over large set of individuals and the ones describing the details of a concrete person. In order to calculate the vector of unknown parameters, a multidimensional constrained optimization problem is solved minimizing the discrepancy between real data and the model prediction over the set of feasible solutions. Both the individual retrospective data and factors influencing the individual dynamics are taken into account. The application of the method for predicting the movement of a patient with congenital motility disorders is considered.
Large Radio Telescopes for Anomalous Microwave Emission Observations
Authors: Battistelli E. S. , Carretti E. , de Bernardis P. , Masi S.
Published: December 2012

We discuss in this paper the problem of the Anomalous Microwave Emission (AME) in the light of ongoing or future observations to be performed with the largest fully steerable radio telescope in the world. High angular resolution observations of the AME will enable astronomers to drastically improve the knowledge of the AME mechanisms as well as the interplay between the different constituents of the interstellar medium in our galaxy. Extragalactic observations of the AME have started as well, and high resolution is even more important in this kind of observations. When cross-correlating with IR-dust emission, high angular resolution is also of fundamental importance in order to obtain unbiased results. The choice of the observational frequency is also of key importance in continuum observation. We calculate a merit function that accounts for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in AME observation given the current state-of-the-art knowledge and technology. We also include in our merit functions the frequency dependence in the case of multifrequency observations. We briefly mention and compare the performance of four of the largest radiotelescopes in the world and hope the observational programs in each of them will be as intense as possible.
A Pediatric Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Developed 10 Years after Cord Blood Transplantation for Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia
Authors: Nagasawa Masayuki , Aoki Yuki
Published: December 2012

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a most powerful immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. However, the impact of immunological disturbances as a result of allo-HSCT is not understood well. We experienced an 11-year-old boy who presented with systemic lupus erythemathosus (SLE) 10 years after unrelated cord blood transplantation of male origin for juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) with monosomy 7. Bone marrow examination showed complete remission without monosomy 7. Genetic analysis of peripheral blood revealed mixed chimera with recipient cells consisting of <5% of T cells, 50–60% of B cells, 60–75% of NK cells, 70–80% of macrophages, and 50–60% of granulocytes. Significance of persistent mixed chimera as a cause of SLE is discussed.
Some Properties of Motion Equations Describing the Nonlinear Dynamical Response of a Multibody System with Flexible Elements
Authors: Scutaru Maria Luminiţa , Vlase Sorin
Published: December 2012

The industrial applications use instruments and machines operating at high speeds, developing high forces, low temperatures, corrosive environments, extreme pressures, and so forth. Under these conditions, the elasticity of elements such a machine is built of cannot be ignored anymore, and models are needed to more accurately “grasp” the mechanical phenomena accompanying the operation. The vibrations and the loss of stability are the main effects occurring under these conditions. For the study on this kind of systems with rigid motion and elastic elements, numerous models have been elaborated, the main idea being the discretization of the elements and the use of finite element method. Finally, second‐order differential equations with variable coefficients are obtained; these equations are strong nonlinear ones due to the time‐dependent values of angular speed and acceleration, and they can be linearized considering a very short period of time, in which the motion is considered to be “frozen.” The aim of this paper is to present some characteristic properties of these systems.
Existence and Global Stability of a Periodic Solution for Discrete‐Time Cellular Neural Networks
Authors: Shao Haijian , Wei Haikun , Wang Haoxiang
Published: December 2012

A novel sufficient condition is developed to obtain the discrete‐time analogues of cellular neural network (CNN) with periodic coefficients in the three‐dimensional space. Existence and global stability of a periodic solution for the discrete‐time cellular neural network (DT‐CNN) are analysed by utilizing continuation theorem of coincidence degree theory and Lyapunov stability theory, respectively. In addition, an illustrative numerical example is presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed results.
A Feedback Retrial Queueing System with Two Types of Batch Arrivals
Authors: Kalyanaraman R.
Published: December 2012

A retrial queueing system with two types of batch arrivals, called type I and type II customers,
is considered. Type I customers and type II customers arrive in batches of variable sizes
according to two different Poisson processes. Service time distributions are identical and independent
and are different for both types of customers. If the arriving customers are blocked due to the server
being busy, type I customers are queued in a priority queue of infinite capacity, whereas type II
customers enter into a retrial group in order to seek service again after a random amount of time.
A type I customer who has received service departs the system with a preassigned probability
or returns to the priority queue for reservice with the complement probability. A type II call who
has received service leaves the system with a preassigned probability or rejoins the retrial group
with complement probability. For this model, the joint distribution of the number of customers in
the priority queue and in the retrial group is obtained in a closed form. Some particular models and
operating characteristics are obtained. A numerical study is also carried out.
Some New Iterated Hardy-Type Inequalities
Authors: Gogatishvili A. , Mustafayev R. CH. , Persson L.-E.
Published: December 2012

We characterize the validity of the Hardy-type inequality∥∥∫s∞h(z)dz   ∥p,u,(0,t)   ∥q,w,(0,  ∞)≤c  ∥h∥θ,v(0,∞), where0<p<∞,0<q≤∞,1<θ≤∞,u,w, andvare weight functions on(0,∞). Some fairly new discretizing and antidiscretizing techniques of independent interest are used.
Interimplant Papilla Reconstruction by Using Demineralized Freeze Dried Bone Allograft Block Fixed by Titanium Screw: A Case Report
Authors: Charde Preeti , Bhongade M. L. , Deshpande Aniruddha , Jadhav Anendd , Thakare Kaustubh , Jaiswal Priyanka
Published: December 2012

Dental implants are now considered as a predictable treatment modality for the oral rehabilitation of partially or fully edentulous patients. Recently emphasis has changed towards achieving a predictable esthetic success. Creating aesthetically successful implant-supported restoration in the anterior region of oral cavity depends on the presence of interimplant papilla when multiple implants are used. The present paper reports a case of interimplant papilla reconstruction in esthetic zone of maxilla during one stage early loading multiple implant procedure using demineralized freeze dried bone allograft block fixed by titanium screw.
Incidental Findings on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Allareddy Veeratrishul , Vincent Steven D. , Hellstein John W. , Qian Fang , Smoker Wendy R. K. , Ruprecht Axel
Published: December 2012

Background. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has gained widespread acceptance in dentistry for a variety of applications. Most dentists who are not radiologists/trained in radiology are generally not familiar with interpretation of anatomical structures and/or pathosis outside their area of primary interest, as often this was not within the scope of their training.Objectives. To assess that the number of incidental findings on a CBCT scan is high both within and outside of the primary area of interest, thereby emphasizing the importance of interpretation of all areas visualized on the scan.Materials and Methods. An oral and maxillofacial radiologist reviewed 1000 CBCT scans (382 males and 618 females) for findings both in- and outside the area of interest.Results. Of the 1000 subjects that were reviewed, 943 scans showed findings in the primary regions of interest and/or outside the regions of interest, and 76 different conditions were visualized in these scans both in and outside the areas of interest.Conclusion. From the wide scope of findings noted on these scans, it can be concluded that it is essential that a person trained in advanced interpretation techniques in radiology interprets cone beam computed tomography scans.
Improved Algorithm for ODCT Computation of a Running Data Sequence
Authors: Akhter S. , Karwal V. , Jain R. C.
Published: December 2012

Fast windowed update algorithms capable of independently updating the odd discrete cosine transform (ODCT) and odd discrete sine transform (ODST) of a running data sequence are analytically developed. In this algorithm, to compute the ODCT coefficients of a real‐time sequence, we do not require the ODST coefficients. Similarly, the ODST coefficients of the shifted sequence can be calculated without using ODCT coefficients. The running input data sequence is sampled using a rectangular window. However, this idea can be easily extended for other windows. The update algorithm derived herein can be used to compute the transform coefficients of the shifted sequence as new data points are available. The complexity of developed algorithm is O(N). The validity of algorithm is tested by MATLAB simulations.
Properties and Therapeutic Application of Bromelain: A Review
Authors: Pavan Rajendra , Jain Sapna , Shraddha  , Kumar Ajay
Published: December 2012

Bromelain belongs to a group of protein digesting enzymes obtained commercially from the fruit or stem of pineapple. Fruit bromelain and stem bromelainare prepared differently and they contain different enzymatic composition. “Bromelain” refers usually to the “stem bromelain.” Bromelain is a mixture of different thiol endopeptidases and other components like phosphatase, glucosidase, peroxidase, cellulase, escharase, and several protease inhibitors.In vitroandin vivostudies demonstrate that bromelain exhibits various fibrinolytic, antiedematous, antithrombotic, and anti-inflammatory activities. Bromelain is considerably absorbable in the body without losing its proteolytic activity and without producing any major side effects. Bromelain accounts for many therapeutic benefits like the treatment of angina pectoris, bronchitis, sinusitis, surgical trauma, and thrombophlebitis, debridement of wounds, and enhanced absorption of drugs, particularly antibiotics. It also relieves osteoarthritis, diarrhea, and various cardiovascular disorders. Bromelain also possesses some anticancerous activities and promotes apoptotic cell death. This paper reviews the important properties and therapeutic applications of bromelain, along with the possible mode of action.
Studies on Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of L‐Phenylalanine Benzoic Acid Single Crystal for NLO Applications
Authors: Suresh S. , Mand P. , Anand K.
Published: December 2012

Nonlinear optics (NLO) materials have a significant impact on laser technology, optical communication, optical storage technology, and electrooptic modulation. Nonlinear optical single crystal of L‐phenylalanine benzoic acid has been grown by slow evaporation. The XRD analysis confirms that the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with noncentrosymmetric space group P21. Microhardness investigations are conducted on the grown crystals. The dielectric response of the sample is studied as a function of different frequencies and different temperatures. The photoconducting studies confirm that the title compound has negative photoconducting nature.
MicroRNAs Play a Big Role in Regulating Ovarian Cancer–Associated Fibroblasts and the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Chou Jonathan , Werb Zena
Published: December 2012

Summary: Mitra and colleagues analyzed microRNA expression profiles of fibroblasts isolated from ovarian cancer patients, searching for dysregulated microRNAs in the stromal compartment of human cancer. They found that decreased miR-31 and miR-214 and increased miR-155 expression can reprogram normal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting cancer-associated fibroblasts. They identified CCL5, a protumorigenic chemokine that is highly expressed in tumors, as a key target of miR-214, thus showing that microRNA perturbation in the stromal microenvironment can affect tumor growth. Cancer Discov; 2(12); 1078–80. ©2012 AACR.

Commentary on Mitra et al., p. 1100
Is Childhood Obesity Influenced by Dog Ownership? No Cross-Sectional or Longitudinal Evidence
Authors: Westgarth Carri , Heron Jon , Ness Andrew R. , Bundred Peter , Gaskell Rosalind M. , Coyne Karen , German Alexander J. , McCune Sandra , Dawson Susan
Published: December 2012

Objective: To examine whether dog ownership is associated with lower risk of childhood obesity. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 7,759 children at age 7 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) in the UK. In addition, longitudinal analyses were conducted between age 7 and 9 years. BMI at age 7 and 9 years was calculated from clinic-measured weight and height and standardised in reference to 1990 UK data. Dog ownership data were collected by carer questionnaire at various time points. Results: After adjustment for confounding factors associated with dog ownership or obesity, there was no evidence of an association between obesity and dog ownership at 7 years OR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 0.88–1.59, p = 0.27), or dog ownership history. There was also no evidence for an effect of dog ownership on BMI change between 7 and 9 years, nor acquisition of a dog on the change in weight status of obese children between 7 and 9 years. Conclusion: This study provides no evidence for a protective effect of dog ownership on the development of childhood obesity. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of dog ownership on physical activity in overweight and obese children.
Chest Compression–Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Public-Access Defibrillation
Authors: Iwami Taku , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Kawamura Takashi , Mitamura Hideo , Nagao Ken , Takayama Morimasa , Seino Yoshihiko , Tanaka Hideharu , Nonogi Hiroshi , Yonemoto Naohiro , Kimura Takeshi
Published: December 2012

Background—

It remains unclear which is more effective to increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in those with public-access defibrillation, bystander-initiated chest compression–only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or conventional CPR with rescue breathing.

Methods and Results—

A nationwide, prospective, population-based observational study covering the whole population of Japan and involving consecutive out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with resuscitation attempts has been conducted since 2005. We enrolled all out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of presumed cardiac origin that were witnessed and received shocks with public-access automated external defibrillation (AEDs) by bystanders from January 1, 2005, to December 31, 2009. The main outcome measure was neurologically favorable 1-month survival. We compared outcomes by type of bystander-initiated CPR (chest compression–only CPR and conventional CPR with compressions and rescue breathing). Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between the type of CPR and a better neurological outcome. During the 5 years, 1376 bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests of cardiac origin in individuals who received CPR and shocks with public-access AEDs by bystanders were registered. Among them, 506 (36.8%) received chest compression–only CPR and 870 (63.2%) received conventional CPR. The chest compression–only CPR group (40.7%, 206 of 506) had a significantly higher rate of 1-month survival with favorable neurological outcome than the conventional CPR group (32.9%, 286 of 870; adjusted odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.70).

Conclusions—

Compression-only CPR is more effective than conventional CPR for patients in whom out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is witnessed and shocked with public-access defibrillation. Compression-only CPR is the most likely scenario in which lay rescuers can witness a sudden collapse and use public-access AEDs.
Performance and Technique of Coherent 2-μm Differential Absorption and Wind Lidar for Wind Measurement
Authors: Iwai Hironori , Ishii Shoken , Oda Ryoko , Mizutani Kohei , Sekizawa Shinya , Murayama Yasuhiro
Published: December 2012

A coherent 2-μm differential absorption and wind lidar (Co2DiaWiL) has been built with a high-power Q-switched Tm,Hm:YLF laser to measure CO2 concentration and radial wind speed. The performance of the Co2DiaWiL is described and analyzed, with a view to demonstrating system capabilities for remote measurements of wind velocities in the atmospheric boundary layer and free troposphere. Bias in the velocity measurements was estimated at −0.0069 m s−1 using measurements from a stationary hard target. The Co2DiaWiL achieved a velocity precision of 0.12 m s−1, derived from the magnitude of random error in radial wind velocity measurements. These measurements were made for ranges out to 20–25 km by using a horizontally fixed beam mode for average times of 1 min. Quantitative intercomparisons of 1-min averages between the Co2DiaWiL and a sonic anemometer revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.99. This study demonstrated measurements of horizontal wind profiles, by making radial wind velocity measurements with the Co2DiaWiL using conical scanning. Profile differences at higher levels could be attributed to probable large horizontal separations of the radiosondes and the low signal-to-noise ratio of the Co2DiaWiL. A pseudo-dual-Doppler technique was developed to retrieve horizontal wind components with a single-Doppler lidar and a steering mirror. Intercomparisons of the 1-min-averaged u and υ components from the pseudo-dual-Doppler lidar measurements with those from the sonic anemometer revealed correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.83, respectively.
Delivering Climate Services: Organizational Strategies and Approaches for Producing Useful Climate-Science Information
Authors: McNie Elizabeth C.
Published: December 2012

Despite numerous and widespread calls for more “useful” climate-science information to inform policy, most climate science is still produced in a way that is consistent with the “linear model” of research that favors pure basic research over other approaches, resulting in missed opportunities to link useful climate science with decision makers. To improve the ability to adapt to a changing climate, it is necessary to improve the linkages between the production and supply of climate-science information with users’ needs to ensure that the climate science is contextual, credible, trusted, and understood by the users. This paper reports on research that evaluated how three Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments (RISA) programs produced useful climate information for improved decision support in a variety of sectors. Research indicates that these organizations utilized several processes and approaches to produce useful climate information, including identifying users’ information needs; translating, communicating, and sharing knowledge; producing and situating social capital; building capacity in the user community to understand and utilize the climate-science information; and maintaining a flexible and nimble organization guided by strong leadership. The process of linking the production and supply of climate-science information with users’ demands is a complex, highly contextual social process that requires ample resources and time management, research agendas that are “end to end” and can respond to changing contexts, and organizational commitment to support “use-inspired” research. Additional research is needed to improve evaluation methods and metrics used to assess climate-service organizations.
A river runs through it: Mapping the sources and new directions of ecotheology
Authors: Wallace Mark
Published: December 2012

This brief essay offers an analysis of the history, current status and possible future directions of the emerging field of ecotheology based on an ecotheology colloquium meeting in San Francisco in November 2011. The essay ends with the hope that Christian animism – the vision of a shared and verdant Earth saturated with divine presence – can religiously charge transformative responses to the crisis of unsustainable living today.
A place where we all stand together: The new creation story as opportunity and imperative for interreligious dialogue
Authors: Schalkwyk Annalet van
Published: December 2012

A global ethics of care for humanity and the earth and the new creation story creates a viable common ground for a praxis of interreligious dialogue. ‘The Journey of Doing Christian Ecotheology’, as part of an exercise to revise Christian theology in the light of the ecological crises, may be placed within such a larger interreligious endeavour to rethink the ecological responsibility of world faiths.