bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Biopesnut Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Authors: Septian M. Yusuf Adi
Published: January 2025

Pendahuluan. Kakao  (Theobroma cacao L.)  merupakan  salah  satu  komoditas  perkebunan  utama  di Indonesia yang  memiliki  peran  penting  dalam peningkatan devisa negara melalui ekspor. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bibit tanaman kakao itu dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dan faktor eksternal. Media tanam merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal yang diharapkan mampu memberikan kondisi lingkungan mikro perakaran yang sesuai. Faktor eksternal seperti ketersediaan unsur hara, air dan oksigen pada media tanam tanah ini dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan pupuk organik di dalamnya. atau akibat rekayasa manusia berbentuk padat atau pupuk organik bentuk cair. Pupuk-pupuk organik yang diberikan ini akan mampu menambah bahan organik, meningkatkan ketersediaan hara makro dan mikro, memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, serta meminimalisasi gangguan mikroorganisme merugikan, maka media pertumbuhan bibit kakao di pembibitan diberikan biocharbon+pestisidanutrisi (biopesnut) pada media tanam sebagai media tanam cacao alternatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi biopesnut terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao di pembibitan.
Metode Pengumpulan Data. Perlakuan B0 (kontrol), B1 biopesnut konsentrasi 5%, B2 biopesnut konsentrasi 10%, B3 biopesnut konsentrasi 15% yang diulang sebanyak 6 (enam) kali. Parameter pengamatan yaitu Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, berat basah dan berat kering tanaman. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non-Faktorial dan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, apabila hasil menunjukkan pengaruh nyata maka dilakukan uji lanjut BNT taraf 5%.
Hasil dan Diskusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi biopesnut berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao pada parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, berat tajuk basah, dan berat tajuk kering.
Simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, maka disimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi biopesnut berpengaruh tidak nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit kakao pada parameter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, berat tajuk basah, dan berat tajuk kering.
O USO DO “DIGITAL SMILE DESIGN” NO PLANEJAMENTO DE CIRURGIAS PLÁSTICAS PERIODONTAIS: ANÁLISE INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Neves Andrezza Borges , Reis Giovanna Cunico , Oliveira Tiago José Silva
Published: January 2025

A cirurgia periodontal constitui um conjunto de procedimentos cujo objetivo é melhorar a saúde mucogengival. Relatos indicam que o Digital Smile Design (DSD) é um método moderno de planejamento e reabilitador versátil que pode ser uma estratégia útil nesses casos. Assim, este estudo objetivou identificar as contribuições disponíveis na literatura sobre o uso do DSD no planejamento de cirurgias plásticas periodontais. Trata-se de revisão integrativa da literatura, operacionalizada em seis passos. O levantamento dos artigos foi feito na base de dados PubMed e SciELO entre agosto e outubro de 2022, tendo como critérios de inclusão serem publicados de janeiro de 2007 a outubro de 2022, no idioma português ou inglês. Na pesquisa ampla, houve 225 ocorrências, das quais 219 não respondiam à pergunta norteadora, permanecendo 6 artigos. Com relação à origem, houve prevalência de estudos do Brasil, com 4 (66%) publicações, seguidos de 1 (17%) artigo cada para outras nacionalidades (Emirados Árabes e China). Quanto ao delineamento, predominaram relatos de caso, com 5 (83%), seguidos de 1 (17%) estudo de revisão. Entre os artigos analisados, somente 1 (17%) avaliou concomitantemente o DSD e outras técnicas de planejamento. Apesar de relato positivo e promissor apontado pelos trabalhos incluídos na presente revisão, estudos na literatura científica nacional e internacional em relação à utilização do DSD no planejamento dessas cirurgias são escassos, e as conclusões das pesquisas disponíveis, limitadas. Isso significa que as evidências disponíveis apresentam lacunas clínicas e científicas que indicam um contexto ainda comedido na direção da consolidação do uso da técnica.
Praksisfaglighed i historiefag og eksterne læringsmiljøer
Authors: Jacobsen Dennis Hornhave
Published: January 2025

Med udgangspunkt i en case fra Skoletjenesten Kolding viser artiklen, hvordan praksisfaglighed kan se ud i et eksternt læringsmiljø. Det belyses og diskuteres, hvordan konkrete eksempler fra et undervisningsforløb om besættelsestiden kan illustrere dimensioner af et historiefag, der realiserer den politiske ambition om øget praksisfaglighed. Artiklen giver dermed et bud på, hvordan man kan tale om og udvikle praksisfaglighed som begreb og som praktisk undervisning i spændingsfeltet mellem grundskolens historiefag og eksterne læringsmiljøer.
Wybrane uwarunkowania i ocena transferu wiedzy miasto-wieś – wyniki badań empirycznych = Selected conditioning and assessment of urban-rural knowledge transfer – results of empirical research
Authors: Bański Jerzy
Published: January 2025

Podstawowym celem opracowania jest diagnoza oraz ocena transferu wiedzy i informacji pomiędzy miastem a wsią. Badania ankietowe i komplementarne wywiady pogłębione wśród przybyszów z miast oraz stałych mieszkańców wsi wykonano w 18 wsiach z różnych regionów Polski. Poszukiwano odpowiedzi na trzy pytania badawcze. 1) Jakie rodzaje wiedzy transferowane są pomiędzy mieszkańcami miast i wsi? 2) Jakie są główne kierunki i natężenie w transferze wiedzy? 3) Jakie konsekwencje niesie transfer wiedzy? Kontakty pomiędzy dwiema badanymi grupami mają przede wszystkim informacyjny charakter, a ich celem jest zaspokojenie codziennych potrzeb. Przypadki głębszej wiedzy i bardziej specjalistycznych informacji dotyczą przede wszystkim budownictwa, produkcji żywności i hodowli roślin. Transfer wiedzy jest raczej mało intensywny i odbywa się podczas sporadycznych spotkań głównie w miejscach publicznych – na ulicach, placach centralnych, w sklepach. To zapewne wpływa na rodzaj i jakość transferowanej wiedzy i informacji. Przepływ wiedzy i informacji ma charakter dwukierunkowy. Z przeprowadzonych wywiadów wynika, że stali mieszkańcy wsi są przede wszystkim źródłem bieżącej i praktycznej informacji, natomiast przybysze dostarczają częściej wiedzy o charakterze doradczym i kulturowym. Przybysze z miast wyżej oceniają korzyści z przepływającej do nich wiedzy i informacji niż stali mieszkańcy wsi.
Odpowiedzialność osoby fizycznej w związku z zawarciem przez przedsiębiorcę porozumienia przetargowego w prawie ochrony konkurencji i prawie karnym
Authors: Korycińska-Rządca Paulina
Published: January 2025

W artykule omówione zostały wzajemne relacje zakresu odpowiedzialności administracyjnej i karnej za umyślne doprowadzenie przez osobę fizyczną do zawarcia przez przedsiębiorcę porozumienia przetargowego. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawione zostały regulacje prawne dotyczące odpowiedzialności osoby fizycznej w związku z zawarciem przez przedsiębiorcę porozumienia przetargowego w prawie ochrony konkurencji i prawie karnym. Następnie opisano istniejące różnice w zakresach podmiotowych i przedmiotowych tych regulacji, wskazując na obszary, w których może dochodzić do kumulacji podstaw odpowiedzialności osoby fizycznej w związku z zawarciem porozumienia przetargowego oraz na obszary, w których brakuje podstaw prawnych do wymierzenia sankcji wobec takiej osoby fizycznej. W ostatniej części autorka dokonuje oceny obecnie obowiązujących przepisów regulujących odpowiedzialność administracyjną i karną za umyślne doprowadzenie przez osobę fizyczną do zawarcia przez przedsiębiorcę porozumienia przetargowego.
Qu’est-ce que faire parler à partir d’images veut dire ?
Authors: Papinot Christian
Published: January 2025

C’est à John Collier que l’on doit d’avoir posé les bases de la méthode de l’entretien par photo-élicitation. L’article propose à la discussion la thèse d’une certaine persistance contemporaine d’un double impensé épistémologique présent dans l’argumentaire de John Collier. Il semble en effet que l’on ne se soit pas complètement affranchis aujourd’hui d’une illusion persistante de transparence de l’image photographique tout comme d’une épistémologie positiviste conjuguant dénégation de la relation d’enquête comme relation sociale et persistance d’un idéal d’observateur témoin invisible. Cet article se propose donc, à partir d’une revue de la littérature récente sur le sujet, de rendre compte de la persistance contemporaine de ce double impensé épistémologique concernant l’usage des images photographiques comme support d’entretien dans l’enquête de terrain pour ensuite proposer quelques pistes d’analyse réflexive de ce que faire parler à partir d’images montrées veut dire dans la démarche de recherche, à commencer par les effets induits par la construction sociale des documents photographiques commentés dans la production des données en entretien.
Una historia comparada de la Economía Social en el Sur de Europa
Authors: Estivill Jordi
Published: January 2025

En este trabajo se analiza de manera comparada la historia de la economía social en el Sur de Europa, con algunas incursiones en Latinoamérica. La matriz geográfica y cultural será el mundo latino donde aparecen convergencias que inciden en la evolución del asociacionismo, del mutualismo y del cooperativismo desde inicios del siglo XIX hasta los años treinta del XX. En una primera parte, más teórica, se plantea la confluencia de una visión crítica de las ciencias sociales y de la historia social con el resurgimiento de la economía social, así como algunos antecedentes y dificultades que ello comporta. En la segunda parte se descubre su uso parecido en Portugal, España, Francia e Italia del concepto de economía social en el XIX; el papel de la ley y la fuerza de los movimientos asociativos populares.
La Federación de Cooperativas de Producción y Trabajo de Cataluña: radiografía del cooperativismo de producción y trabajo en vísperas de la Guerra Civil en Cataluña
Authors: Garau Rolandi Miguel
Published: January 2025

La II República española fue crucial para el crecimiento del cooperativismo de producción y trabajo, impulsado por las leyes pioneras de 1931 y 1934 y otros factores socioeconómicos. En Cataluña, este auge incluyó un esfuerzo organizativo con la creación de la Subfederación de Cooperativas de Producción y Trabajo (1932-1933), que en 1935 se transformó en Federación autónoma. Este artículo analiza la labor emprendida por esta Federación los meses previos a la Guerra Civil y ofrece una radiografía del desarrollo de esta tipología cooperativa por ramos y oficios. En anexos se bosqueja también su despliegue territorial. Para realizar este estudio se ha consultado la documentación interna de decenas de cooperativas depositada en el Archivo Nacional de Cataluña y en el Archivo Histórico del Gobierno Civil de Barcelona.
El Krausismo valenciano ante la Ley de Asociaciones de 1887. Las lecciones del catedrático Eduardo Soler Pérez (1845-1907)
Authors: Blasco Gil Yolanda
Published: January 2025

A finales de la Restauración, España vivió una renovación en los ámbitos universitario, científico y social, motivada por la necesidad de transformación del país. Se percibió la urgencia de reformar la educación, dar mayor protagonismo a la investigación y abordar los problemas sociales. Entre los intelectuales, que promovieron esta modernización destaca Eduardo Soler, krausista y profesor de la Institución Libre de Enseñanza, cuyo trabajo fue fundamental en el avance de la universidad y la cultura en España. Su influencia se hizo sentir en la posterior legislación republicana. En este sentido, la Ley de Asociaciones de 1887 fue un hito en ese cambio legislativo, que permitió mayor grado de organización social y contribuyó a sentar las bases para la legislación cooperativa del s. XX. Las lecciones impartidas en las aulas, junto con las experiencias prácticas de la época, brindan una perspectiva valiosa sobre cómo se interpretaron estos antecedentes en el cooperativismo.
Advancing in orphan crops through innovative breeding methods and genomic approaches: Current research and future challenges
Authors: Santhoshini Santhoshini , Thonta Raju , Kumar Rajneesh , Avinashe Harshal Ashok , Avinashe Harshal Ashok , Puri Paridhi , Singh Sangram , Rai Ashutosh Kumar , Rustagi Sarvesh , Shreaz Sheikh , Negi Rajeshwari , Yadav Neelam , Yadav Ajar Nath
Published: January 2025

Orphan crops play an important role in global food and nutrition security, and may have the potential to contribute to sustainable food systems under stress conditions. Despite their huge importance for present and future agriculture, orphan crops have generally received little attention from the global scientific community. Due to this, they produce inferior yields in terms of both quantity and quality. Orphan crops are part of all food kinds including root and tuber crops, legumes, cereals, and vegetables as major crops. Orphan crops can provide essential nutrients to worldwide diets, help economic growth in the global poorest places, and strengthen the entire agri-food industry’s resistance against both abiotic and biotic challenges. Producer’s plant landraces are obtained and exchanged through a disorganized market system, and little scientific effort has been devoted to orphan crops. Breeding and investigation may be accelerated by using speed breeding technique that reduces plant production times, helping to meet ever-increasing needs. The present review highlights the ongoing efforts and future possibilities for accelerating the breeding of orphan crops, as well as divergent genomic approaches for deploying speed breeding in low-resource areas throughout the world.
Comparing Self-Perceived Awareness to Actual Awareness of the Podiatric Profession Among High School and College Students
Authors: Starr Ashlee , Duong Tiffany , Jenkins David W. , Bolch Charlotte , Jensen Jeffrey L.
Published: January 2025

Background: Over the past few years there has been a decrease in the number of applicants applying to podiatric medical school. It has been suggested that this may be due to unfamiliarity with the profession of podiatric medicine. The goal of this study is to shed light on the misconceptions and lack of awareness of podiatric medicine so that the profession can better bridge the gap in knowledge with a resultant strategy to better increase recruiting efforts. It is hypothesized that high school and college students will overestimate their awareness of podiatry and that a significant percentage of students will have a low actual awareness of the profession. It is presumed that this shortfall will be greater in high school students.

Methods: An eight question self-completion survey was created using RedCap that analyzed self-perceived and actual awareness of the podiatric profession. 318 students, 171 high school and 147 college, attending school within the state of Arizona completed the survey to test their actual and perceived knowledge of podiatry.

Results: A total of 294 survey responses met the inclusion criteria and were used in the final evaluation of data. 57.1% of high school students and 47.9% of college students described their knowledge of podiatry as “poor”. Each of the five true/false questions were answered incorrectly over 50% of the time. Overall, there was a statistically significant association between student's perceived knowledge of podiatry (good and higher, fair or poor) compared to their actual knowledge of podiatry.

Conclusion: Evidence supports that many high school and undergraduate students are unaware of the podiatric profession. Furthermore, there are many misconceptions that are believed about the profession that could be causing a decline in applicants over the last few years.
Results of Bioabsorbable Screws for the Fixation of Chevron Osteotomy in the Treatment of Hallux Valgus Deformities
Authors: Zhang Hanyang , Li Zhaoyan , Zhong Zhuan , Huang Bingzhe , Jiang Zhende , Chang Fei
Published: January 2025

Background: This study aimed to investigate the safety and reliability of using bioabsorbable screws for the fixation of chevron osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus (HV) deformity.

Methods: Clinical cases of chevron osteotomy in the treatment of HV deformities in our hospital between December 2018 and August 2022 were retrospectively summarised to compare preoperative imaging indices with those at the final follow-up session, including the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and tibial sesamoid position (TSP). The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale, short-form health survey questionnaire (SF-36) and European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) scale were used to assess therapeutic efficacy. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain relief. Moreover, complications were recorded.

Results: Twenty-six patients (39 feet) were included, and the mean follow-up period was 24.0 months. No infection, delayed healing or non-healing was recorded. The osteotomy ends healed well without non-union or delayed union. Four cases of recurrence (HVA ≥20°), two of numbness in the distal toe, one of necrosis of the first metatarsal head and one of osteoarthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint occurred. No patients underwent secondary surgery. The HVA, IMA and TSP significantly reduced at the final follow-up session compared with their preoperative values, and significant improvement was seen in clinical scores.

Conclusion: The use of bioabsorbable screws for the fixation of chevron osteotomy is safe and effective in the treatment of HV deformities.
Cell type-specific driver lines targeting the Drosophila central complex and their use to investigate neuropeptide expression and sleep regulation
Authors: Wolff Tanya , Eddison Mark , Chen Nan , Nern Aljoscha , Sundaramurthi Preeti , Sitaraman Divya , Rubin Gerald M
Published: January 2025

The central complex (CX) plays a key role in many higher-order functions of the insect brain including navigation and activity regulation. Genetic tools for manipulating individual cell types, and knowledge of what neurotransmitters and neuromodulators they express, will be required to gain mechanistic understanding of how these functions are implemented. We generated and characterized split-GAL4 driver lines that express in individual or small subsets of about half of CX cell types. We surveyed neuropeptide and neuropeptide receptor expression in the central brain using fluorescent
in situ
hybridization. About half of the neuropeptides we examined were expressed in only a few cells, while the rest were expressed in dozens to hundreds of cells. Neuropeptide receptors were expressed more broadly and at lower levels. Using our GAL4 drivers to mark individual cell types, we found that 51 of the 85 CX cell types we examined expressed at least one neuropeptide and 21 expressed multiple neuropeptides. Surprisingly, all co-expressed a small neurotransmitter. Finally, we used our driver lines to identify CX cell types whose activation affects sleep, and identified other central brain cell types that link the circadian clock to the CX. The well-characterized genetic tools and information on neuropeptide and neurotransmitter expression we provide should enhance studies of the CX.
De la inteligencia afectiva/o: la lectura poética de William Rowe
Authors: Favela Bustillo Tania
Published: January 2025

En este artículo me propongo desentrañar lo que para William Rowe supone la lectura crítica de la poesía, tomando como eje sus estudios sobre poéticas latinoamericanas. A la contra de una crítica normativa y sumisa, la lectura poética de Rowe pone en relación y en tensión al poema con la vida desde una inteligencia afectiva y un pensamiento filosófico y crítico sólido. La pregunta central de sus estudios podría formularse así: ¿qué irrumpe en el lenguaje y cómo eso se manifiesta en la escritura? Eso que irrumpe en el poema desorganiza y perturba los modelos prefabricados y genera, según Rowe, nuevas experiencias que posibilitan que se genere un conocimiento alternativo que escape de las zonas reglamentadas por las ideologías y por el conocimiento regulado. De ahí la importancia de la lectura crítica de la poesía y de la acción crítica de la poesía en su pensamiento.
Poner el cuerpo en el poema: crítica, traducción y traducción crítica en la obra de William Rowe
Authors: Ceresa Constanza , Pujol Jèssica
Published: January 2025

En este artículo dilucidamos en qué consiste la poética radical propuesta por el crítico, poeta y traductor William Rowe a partir de su libro Hacia una poética radical. Ensayos de hermenéutica cultural (1996). Proponemos que esta poética es inherentemente crítica, y esta crítica, basada en la experiencia del poema, entiende la escritura como un fenómeno heteroglósico que abarca varias voces y lenguajes, no sólo en el sentido lingüístico sino, sobre todo, cultural. Una lectura de su última traducción de Trilce de César Vallejo, en coautoría con Helen Dimos, nos sirve para ilustrar esta mirada crítica que, en este caso, funciona a nivel productivo, puesto que los traductores presentan unas glosas que expanden, problematizan y dilatan la experiencia de leer Trilce. Nos preguntamos: ¿Cómo hacer crítica siendo ella misma una práctica cultural que aspira a darle un sentido a obras que se mueven en los límites de la semiótica? ¿Cómo hacer lecturas y traducciones radicales de poéticas radicales? Nuestro objetivo es demostrar que Rowe no sólo propone una poética radical en sus lecturas críticas, sino que estas glosas, en tanto práctica de traducción crítica, ponen el cuerpo del lector entre el poema, su traducción, su expansión crítica y su propia lectura, haciendo que tanto el acto creador, como el crítico, traductor y lector sean una experiencia inventiva que, en diálogo, atraviesa la textualidad creando campos de sentido.
Characterisation of EfbA from the Endodontic Pathogen Enterococcus faecalis and Prediction of Immunodominant EfbA Epitope Peptides: An In-vitro and In-silico Study
Authors: Arora Dev , Girija AS Smiline , Priyadharsini J Vijayashree
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) belongs to Group D Streptococci and causes recalcitrant infections such as urinary tract infections, wound infections, intra-abdominal and pelvic infections, bacteraemia, and endocarditis. The emergence of multiple drug resistance, including to the last-resort drug vancomycin, is a major concern with E. faecalis infections. Therefore, it is necessary to implement alternative strategies to combat E. faecalis infections in dental settings. An immunoinformatics approach is one such strategy that can predict and assess the immunodominant B-cell and T-cell epitopes. Thus, there is a need to identify novel vaccine candidates as immunodominant epitope peptides from the Enterococcal Fibronectin Binding Protein-A (EfbA) protein for E. faecalis.

Aim: To predict the immunodominant B-cell and T-cell epitopes from the EfbA protein of E. faecalis.

Materials and Methods: An in-vitro and in-silico pilot study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Total of 20 carious scrapings were collected from patients with root caries and were phenotypically characterised for E. faecalis and the EfbA genetic determinant by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification. The EfbA protein was retrieved from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, after which prediction of antigenicity and allergenicity was performed via the VaXiJen and Algpred servers, respectively. The prediction of T-cell epitopes was carried out with the help of the EpiDOCK server, and B-cell predictions were made using the Kolaskar and Tongaonkar tool. Docking of the epitopes with reference to Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) alleles was assessed using the ClusPro server, and the results were evaluated for the T-cell dominant epitopes.

Results: Among the 20 samples, E. faecalis was characterised in 5 (25%) patients, with three strains exhibiting Multidrug Resistant (MDR) traits. Among the three MDR strains, two strains showed the presence of the EfbA gene by PCR. In-silico analysis of the EfbA protein yielded a total of 17 epitopes, and based on the assessments, a final selection of two epitopes (IRAKGKNHK and LLLSAHPSY) was made, showing promising docking scores with HLA alleles and TLR2.

Conclusion: Among the two epitopes, LLLSAHPSY was identified as the most significant immune-dominant epitope predicted, which needs to be further evaluated for vaccine synthesis and experimentation.
Pattern of Refractive Error among Patients attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Assam, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Thakur Nilanjan Kaushik , Debsikdar Ruma Das , Sarkar Srawani , Prasad Surabhi , Lakshmi S , Deka Devajit
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Uncorrected Refractive Errors (URE) are a primary cause of vision impairment worldwide and a leading contributor to blindness. These errors impact daily productivity, limit job opportunities and can significantly diminish quality of life, increasing both morbidity and financial burdens. Consequently, understanding the prevalence and types of UREs is essential for primary care physicians, ophthalmologists and policymakers.

Aim: To assess the pattern and magnitude of UREs among patients at a tertiary care hospital in South Assam, India.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India from May 2023 to April 2024, which included patients aged five years and older visiting the ophthalmology department. Patients with visual acuity worse than 6/6, which improved with pinhole testing, were further evaluated. Each participant underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination, including refraction testing. Data on uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, age, and sex were gathered. Spherical equivalents were used for refractive error analysis. The difference between categorical variables was estimated using the Chi-square test.

Results: Of the 11,932 participants screened, 6,112 were males (51.22%) and 5,820 were females (48.78%), aged 5-89 years. UREs were identified in 1,434 individuals (12%), with a median age of 41 years. In the URE group, 718 (50.1%) were females and 716 (49.9%) were males. The mean age of males was 39.51±18.16 years, and that of females was 38.44±19.12 years. The mean refractive error was -0.58±3.11 DS. Emmetropia was present in 469 (32.7%), myopia in 427 (29.8%), high myopia in 38 (2.7%), and hypermetropia in 500 (34.9%). A total of 264 (18.4%) patients had astigmatism greater than 0.5. Anisometropia greater than 1.0 was present in 67 (4.7%). The proportion of different refractive errors was similar in males and females.

Conclusion: This study offers key insights into the magnitude and types of UREs in South Assam, India. The proportion of UREs was found to be 12%, with hypermetropia being the most common refractive error, followed by myopia. These findings underscore the need for targeted intervention programmes to improve access to corrective lenses and address vision impairment among these communities.
Screening of Crossandra (Crossandra infundibuliformis (L.) (Nees.) Genotypes for Root Lesion Nematode
Authors: Kavitha M. , Gowsika S. , Sankari A. , Kavitha P. S.
Published: January 2025

An experiment was conducted with ten crossandra genotypes collected from various institutions and local sources at Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore. The experiment was laid out using FCRD design with three replications with genotypes uninoculated and inoculated with nematodes.  Observations were taken after 60 days of inoculation. The results revealed that Nilakottai local and Arka Shravya recorded the least percentage of reduction of shoot weight (13.73 & 14.55%) and root weight (18.83 & 16.93%) under inoculated condition. The increased percentage of phenol, polyphenol oxidase, peroxidase activity and phenylalanine ammonia lyase was higher in Nilakottai local and Arka Shravya and the least was noticed in Dharmapuri local under inoculated conditions. The root necrosis percentage ranged from 7.05 to 21.17. The lowest root lesion percentage was recorded in genotype Nilakottai local (7.05) followed by Arka Shravya (8.67) and the highest necrosis percentage was observed in genotype Dharmapuri local (21.17). Resistant reaction was noticed in genotype Nilakottai local and Arka Shravya. Tolerant reaction was observed in genotype Delhi crossandra, Arka Ambara, Arka Chenna, Arka Shreeya and Arka Kanaka. The susceptible reaction was found in genotype Villupuram local, Neyveli local and Dharmapuri local.
Bipolar At-Risk Criteria and Risk of Bipolar Disorder Over 10 or More Years
Authors: Ratheesh Aswin , Hammond Dylan , Watson Michael , Betts Jennifer , Siegel Emma , McGorry Patrick , Berk Michael , Cotton Susan , Chanen Andrew , Nelson Barnaby , Bechdolf Andreas
Published: September 2023

Importance

Predicting the onset of bipolar disorder (BD) could facilitate preventive treatments. Among risk measures, bipolar at-risk (BAR) criteria have shown promise in predicting onset of bipolar disorder in the first year in clinical cohorts; however, it is not known whether BAR criteria are associated with the onset of BD in the longer term.

Objective

To assess the association of BAR criteria with onset of BD over 10 to 13 years follow-up.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective cohort study, completed between May 1, 2020, and November 7, 2022, included consenting people seeking help for nonpsychotic major mental health difficulties, including mood, personality, and substance use disorders, who were originally recruited at ages 15 to 25 years from a tertiary youth mental health setting in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from May 1, 2008, to September 30, 2010.

Exposure

Meeting BAR criteria at baseline. Criteria included subthreshold mania, cyclothymic features, subthreshold depression, and family history of BD. A matched clinical comparison group was recruited from the same help-seeking population.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was expert consensus diagnosis of BD I or II based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, self-reported information collected through online assessments, and linked data on mental health service utilization in Victoria over 10 to 13 years of follow-up.

Results

Among 69 eligible participants, follow-up data were available for 60 (88.2%). The mean (SD) age at the end of follow-up was 32.9 (2.8) years, and 49 (81.7%) were women. A total of 28 participants met BAR criteria, and 32 were in the comparison group. In the BAR group, 8 patients (28.6%) developed BD over a mean (SD) of 11.1 (0.7) years of follow-up, and no patients in the comparison group developed BD. The risk of developing BD was higher in the BAR group than in the non-BAR group (χ21 = 70.0; P < .001). The proportions of transitions to BD were equal in the first and second halves of the follow-up period.

Conclusions and relevance

In this cohort study of participants seeking care for mental health difficulties, patients meeting the BAR criteria were significantly more likely to transition to BD over a decade after ascertainment compared with patients not meeting the BAR criteria. The findings suggest that those meeting BAR criteria may benefit from longer-term monitoring and support. Evaluation of predictive properties in longer-term studies using a risk measure will help with implementation of BAR criteria in clinical settings.
Mechanisms of architectural alterations respecting the existing value of buildings
Authors: Takeuchi Wataru , Kitagawa Keisuke , Imaeda Ryosuke , Chen Ye
Published: September 2023

Building alterations often occur when the buildings ought to be updated to meet new standards. In such processes, original values of existing buildings tend to be neglected in favor of speed and economic benefits from aggressive alterations. In this research, we investigate the mechanism of architectural alterations that respect the value of existing buildings. The research helps uncover the lasting values of buildings that can be preserved in spite of the need for physical adjustments.
Mutation in Celtic
Authors: Iosad Pavel
Published: September 2023

The Celtic languages are characterized by an elaborate system of alternations of word‐initial segments, traditionally known as ‘consonant mutations’. Although historically they arose from across‐the‐board phonological sandhi, they are now deeply embedded in morphosyntactic processes. They are relatively phonologically coherent, but also non‐concatenative, and sensitive to a wide range of lexical, morphological, syntactic and semantic factors. As a result, Celtic mutations present an important test bed for theories of word structure and its interactions with both phonology and syntax.
Non‐Segmental Morphology
Authors: Zimmermann Eva
Published: September 2023

Any investigation of non‐segmental morphology ultimately leads to important questions about the modularity of grammar and the architecture of the phonology–morphology interface in particular. Is morphology able to directly manipulate phonological structure to express morpho‐syntactic features? Is the phonological grammar sensitive to specific morphological information and can it trigger certain phonological operations only in the context of specific morphemes? In this entry, some properties of non‐segmental morphology are discussed that are interesting litmus tests for various theoretical approaches.
Parasynthesis
Authors: Mateu Jaume
Published: September 2023

Parasynthesis is usually defined as the word formation process that requires the simultaneous presence of two affixes (a prefix and a suffix) for a categorial change to be possible. However, this phenomenon has often been understood in practice as involving a simultaneous addition of a prefix and a theme vowel, with or without an additional suffix. Three main descriptive proposals concerning parasynthetic verbs have been put forward in the Romance literature in order to account for the apparently simultaneous attachment of a prefix and a suffix that is involved in their formation: circumfixation; prefixation as transcategorization/verbalization; and first suffixation and then prefixation. The adoption of a diachronic perspective is shown to be needed when addressing some important issues, which purely synchronic treatments of parasynthesis cannot account for. Accordingly, special attention is paid here to the origin of verbal parasynthesis in Latin and its evolution into Romance languages. Next, the entry offers a formal synchronic analysis of parasynthetic verbs by assuming a strong connection between syntactic word formation and syntactic argument structure. Finally, other types of parasynthetic forms (e.g. parasynthetic adjectives and parasynthetic compounds) are analysed from this syntactic perspective.
Kirigami‐Inspired 3D‐Printable MXene Organohydrogels for Soft Electronics
Authors: Zhuo Fengling , Zhou Jian , Liu Ying , Xie Jianfei , Chen Hui , Wang Xiaozhi , Luo Jikui , Fu YongQing , Elmarakbi Ahmed , Duan Huigao
Published: September 2023

Conductive hydrogels are compelling materials for the development of soft electronics; however, their essential attributes such as high sensitivity, excellent stretchability, and environmental stability have rarely been achieved simultaneously in one hydrogel. Herein, a Kirigami‐inspired strategy is proposed to improve organohydrogel sensitivity without sacrificing their mechanical stretchability and environmental stability . The organohydrogels with multiple interpenetrating networks are synthesized by introducing sodium alginate nanofibrils and conductive MXene nanoflakes into polymer double networks infiltrated with glycerol–water mixtures, featuring remarkable stretchability (>5000%), good sensitivity, and water retention (>30 days). The Kirigami structures are further applied to enhance strain sensitivity, achieving a gauge factor of 29.1, which is ≈5.5 times that of an unstructured organohydrogel. Using the Kirigami‐inspired sensors, a durable glove is developed for grabbing underwater objects through operating a robotic arm, demonstrating a subaqueous interactive human–machine interfacing.Meanwhile, by integrating the wearable sensor with a machine learning algorithm, a wearable Morse code intelligent recognition system is demonstrated, enabling real‐time conversion of Morse code signs into speech with superior recognition accuracy (>99%) and fast response time (≈17 ms). This work offers a new route to synthesize highly sensitive, stretchable, and extremely tolerant organohydrogels, providing a promising platform for next‐generation soft electronics.
Cobweb‐Inspired Micro/Nanostructured Scaffolds for Soft Tissue Regeneration with Inhibition Effect of Fibrosis under Dynamic Environment
Authors: Jiao Yongjie , Li Xiaojing , Liu Xingxing , Li Chaojing , Yang Xiao , Sun Xuwei , Wang Fujun , Wang Lu
Published: September 2023

In soft tissue repair, fibrosis can lead to repair failure and long‐term chronic pain in patients. Excessive mechanical stimulation of fibroblasts is one of the causes of fibrosis during abdominal wall regeneration. Inspired by the cobweb, a polycaprolactone beaded fiber is prepared by electrospinning. The cobweb‐inspired structure attenuates the mechanical stimulation of cells under a dynamic environment. Nano‐protrusions are introduced into the scaffold for further inhibition of fibrosis by self‐induced crystallization. A machine is built for in vitro dynamic culture and rat abdominal subcutaneous embedding experiments are performed to verify the inhibiting effect of fibrosis in a dynamic environment in vivo. Results show that the expression of integrin β1 and α‐smooth muscle actin is inhibited by the cobweb‐inspired structure under dynamic culture. The results of hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome indicate that the cobweb‐inspired structure has a good inhibitory effect on fibrosis in a dynamic environment in vivo. In general, the cobweb‐inspired scaffold with nano‐protrusions has a good ability to inhibit fibrosis under both static and dynamic environments. It is believed that the scaffold has promising applications in the field of inhibiting fibrosis caused by mechanical stimulation.
Magnetic Delivery of Antigen‐Loaded Magnetic Liposomes for Active Lymph Node Targeting and Enhanced Anti‐Tumor Immunity
Authors: Sheng Jingyi , Liu Yang , Ding He , Wu Linyuan , Liu Lan , Si Guangxiang , Shen Yan , Yang Fang , Gu Ning
Published: September 2023

Therapeutic cancer vaccines offer the greatest advantage of enhancing antigen‐specific immunity against tumors, particularly for immunogenic tumors, such as melanoma. However, clinical responses remain unsatisfactory, primarily due to inadequate T cell priming and the development of acquired immune tolerance. A major obstacle lies in the inefficient uptake of antigen by peripheral dendritic cells (DCs) and their migration to lymph nodes for antigen presentation. In this context, the magnetic delivery of antigen‐loaded magnetic liposomes (Ag‐MLs) to actively target lymph node, is proposed. These magnetic responsive liposomes contain soluble mouse melanoma lysate and iron oxide nanoparticles in the core, along with the immunostimulatory adjuvant CpG‐1826 incorporated into the lipid bilayer. When applied through magnetic targeting in the mouse melanoma model, Ag‐MLs accumulate significantly in the target lymph nodes. This accumulation results in increased population of active DCs in lymph nodes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) within tumors, correlating with effective tumor growth inhibition. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of magnetic targeting as an effective strategy for delivering cancer vaccines and activating the immune response, offering a novel platform for cancer immunotherapies.
Fabrication of 3D Printed, Core‐and‐Shell Implants as Controlled Release Systems for Local siRNA Delivery
Authors: Mahmoud Dina B. , Wölk Christian , Schulz‐Siegmund Michaela
Published: September 2023

The development and clinical translation of small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapies remains challenging owing to their poor pharmacokinetics. 3D printing technology presents a great opportunity to fabricate personalized implants for local and sustained delivery of siRNA. Hydrogels can mimic the mechanical properties of tissues, avoiding the problems associated with rigid implants. Herein, a thermoresponsive composite hydrogel suitable for extrusion 3D‐printing is formulated to fabricate controlled‐release implants loaded with siRNA‐Lipofectamine RNAiMAX complexes. A hydrogel matrix mainly composed of uncharged agarose to protect siRNA from decomplexation is selected. Additionally, pluronic F127 and gelatin are added to improve the printability, degradation, and cell adhesion to the implants. To avoid exposing siRNA to thermal stress during the printing process, a core‐and‐shell design is set up for the implants in which a core of siRNA‐complexes loaded‐pluronic F127 is printed without heat and enclosed with a shell comprising the thermoresponsive composite hydrogel. The release profile of siRNA‐complexes is envisioned to be controlled by varying the printing patterns. The results reveal that the implants sustain siRNA release for one month. The intactness of the released siRNA‐complexes is proven until the eighth day. Furthermore, by changing the printing patterns, the release profiles can be tailored.
Glycoprotein Injectable Hydrogels Promote Accelerated Bone Regeneration through Angiogenesis and Innervation
Authors: Barik Debyashreeta , Shyamal Sharmistha , Das Kapilash , Jena Sarita , Dash Mamoni
Published: September 2023

Glycoproteins are gaining prominence as multifunctional biomaterials. The study reports development of glycoprotein mucin as biomaterial promoting bone regeneration. Mucin 1 deletion has resulted in stiffer femoral bones with scarce presence of osteoblasts in trabecular linings and its role has been established in determining bone mass and mineralization. Limited information about its structure limits its processability, exploration as biomaterial, which is discussed in this study. The role of mucin in ECM (extracellular cellular matrix) formation validated by RNA sequencing analysis of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells is reported. The structure and stability of mucins is dependent on the presence of glycans in its structure. A thermosensitive hydrogel acquired from thermosensitive Poly (N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐(PNIPAM) modified mucin and collagen is developed. The hydrogel demonstrates porous structure and mechanical strength. Newly formed bone tissue is observed at 8 weeks post‐implantation in the hydrogel treated groups. The formation of blood vessels, nerves, and bone is observed with upregulation of angiopoietin (ANG), neurofilament heavy chain (NF‐H), and osteoadherin (OSAD) or osteocalcin (OCN) respectively in rat calvarial defects. The outcome demonstrates that the thermosensitive injectable hydrogel accelerates repair and healing in calvarial bone defects making it a promising biodegradable biomaterial capable of regenerating bone by promoting angiogenesis and innervation.
Magnetic Putty as a Reconfigurable, Recyclable, and Accessible Soft Robotic Material
Authors: Li Meng , Pal Aniket , Byun Junghwan , Gardi Gaurav , Sitti Metin
Published: September 2023

Magnetically hard materials are widely used to build soft magnetic robots, providing large magnetic force/torque and macrodomain programmability. However, their high magnetic coercivity often presents practical challenges when attempting to reconfigure magnetization patterns, requiring a large magnetic field or heating. In this study, magnetic putty is introduced as a magnetically hard and soft material with large remanence and low coercivity. It is shown that the magnetization of magnetic putty can be easily reoriented with maximum magnitude using an external field that is only one‐tenth of its coercivity. Additionally, magnetic putty is a malleable, autonomous self‐healing material that can be recycled and repurposed. The authors anticipate magnetic putty could provide a versatile and accessible tool for various magnetic robotics applications for fast prototyping and explorations for research and educational purposes.
Ultra‐Bright Heptamethine Dye Clusters Based on a Self‐Adaptive Co‐Assembly Strategy for NIR‐IIb Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Dang Zetao , Liu Xiangping , Du Yijing , Wang Yajun , Zhou Ding , Zhang Yuewei , Zhu Shoujun
Published: September 2023

Despite the wide range of applications of bright NIR‐II polymethine scaffolds in biomedical imaging, their solvatochromism and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effects in aqueous solutions limit their inherent brightness using traditional encapsulation methods, and effective hydrophilization strategies are still scarce. Here, a new set of Flav dyes is synthesized and PEGylated, followed by manufacturing DSPE@FlavP2000 nanoparticles using a self‐adaptive co‐assembly strategy to overcome these limitations. FlavP2000 can autonomously adjust its conformation when co‐assembled with DSPE‐PEG2000, resulting in high‐efficiency luminescence (≈44.9% fluorescence of Flav in DMSO). DSPE@FlavP2000 enables NIR‐IIb (>1500 nm) angiography with high signal‐to‐noise ratios. Notably, this co‐assembly can occur in situ between FlavP2000 with proteins in the living body based on a novel mechanism of brightness activation induced by disassembly (BAD), achieving consistent brightness as DSPE@FlavP2000 in blood or serum. The self‐adaptive co‐assembly strategy can be enhanced by incorporating an IPA moiety, which dynamically binds to albumin to prolong the dye's blood circulation time. Thus, the “enhanced” BAD is successfully applied to long‐term vascular imaging and sciatic nerve imaging. Both the self‐adaptive co‐assembly strategy and BAD phenomenon improve the selectivity and availability of the hydrophilization methods, paving the way for efficient biological applications of polymethine dyes.
Low‐Temperature Water‐Assisted Oxidation of Sponge‐Like Zn Nanostructures for Environmental and Energy Harvesting Applications
Authors: Laurenti Marco , Fontana Marco , Stassi Stefano , Sacco Adriano , Scalia Alberto , Bianco Stefano , Pirri Candido F. , Lamberti Andrea
Published: September 2023

In this work, the oxidation of sponge‐like nanostructured Zn films exploiting their interaction with water in liquid and vapor phases is investigated. By simply exposing the sputtered porous metal layers to a water vapor atmosphere or incubating them in water at different temperatures, the full conversion to ZnO is obtained. Depending on the kind of treatment, the oxidized ZnO layers exhibit different morphologies and physico‐chemical properties. When in combination with low heating of the surface, a better crystallinity and the growth of hexagonal nanocrystals (nanoprisms and nanoflowers) from the nanobranched Zn structure is observed, preserving the sponge‐like morphology of the starting material. Good photocatalytic activities for the degradation of an organic dye are measured under simulated sunlight irradiation. The piezoelectric and semiconducting response of the oxidized ZnO layers is also examined, revealing appealing performance in both cases and envisaging their use as nanogenerators and photoanode material in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The multifunctional properties of the oxidized ZnO film are discussed in terms of the selected water oxidation approach that tune the corresponding morphology and crystallinity. The low‐temperature oxidation approaches here proposed allow the fabrication of flexible semiconductive ZnO films highly desirable in different fields of nanoelectronics.