bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey and Analysis of the Architectural Heritage at Jumba La Mtwana and Mnarani, Precolonial Swahili Towns in Kenya
Authors: Baumanova Monika
Published: July 2022

In 2021, a survey of two sites, known as Jumba la Mtwana and Mnarani in Kenya took place, which date between the 14th and 16th centuries CE. The sites represent some of the Swahili towns on the East African coast that were in the precolonial period taking part in trade along the coastline, to inland Africa and as far as the Middle East, India, and China. Today, the sites feature standing remains of various architectural features constructed of coral rag, a local type of limestone.

This paper reports on a high-definition survey, which for the first time documented the entirety of the standing remains, spatial layout, and a configuration of these predominantly Islamic towns. The survey was conducted using a combination of 3D scanning technologies and photography, aimed at achieving two goals – documenting the state of preservation of the architectural remains and, perhaps more importantly, answering research questions in Swahili archaeology pertaining to the organisation of the urban constructed space. The preliminary results show that data from the conducted survey bring new information on the life-cycles of mosque architecture or on the construction of exterior urban space, contributing to the discussion on the existence and organisation of streets.
Developmentalisme Gaya Baru Dan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Yang Terpasung
Authors: Umam Shohebul
Published: July 2022

Developmentalisme merupakan wacana ekonomi dan politik yang tidak ada habisnya menjadi sebuah perdebatan di dalam lanskap pemikiran pembangunan di Indonesia. Sejak Orde Baru Soeharto hingga Pasca Reformasi, diskursus pembangunanisme menjadi suatu landasan utama yang dikendarai untuk membawa bangsa Indonesia lebih maju di dalam ranah ekononomi, politik dan kesejahteraan sosial masyarakat oleh para penyelenggara negara. ‘Big five’ merupakan indikator kesejahteraan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, meliputi kesehatan, pendidikan, perumahan, jaminan sosial, dan pekerjaan sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat lebih jauh konsep pembangunanisme yang diperas dari pemikiran Barat, meskipun telah banyak dikritik dan mulai ditinggalkan oleh Negara Utara, akan tetapitetap menjadi sebuah kredo magis bagi Negara-Negara Selatan, khususnya Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis terhadap literature-literatur yang dibutuhkan. Langkah-langkah penyusunan penelitian ini dilakuakn secara diskriptif- argumentatif agar dapat menunjukkan titik penting konsep developmentalisme. Hasil dari peneltian ini menunjukkan bahwa, developmentalisme dari waktu ke waktu di bawah perjalanan rezim kuasa di Indonesia selalu menjadi frame utama yang membingkai bentuk kebijakan sosial (social policy). Nahasnya, dari berbagai bentuk pembangunanisme, mulai dari sistem pembangunanisme Orde Baru sampai konsep pembangunanisme Pos- Soeharto, tidak banyak mengubah kesejahteraan masyarakat setingkat lebih baik. Kemiskinan, konflik sosial, persoalan lingkungan, HAM dan masalah sosio-spiritual, justru banyak bersemai akibat dari sistem pembangunan yang terlalu mengistimewakan pasar di bawah ideologi paling populer, neoliberalisme. Pada akhirnya, pembangunan hanya dinikmati oleh segelintir kelompok atau orang saja, sedangkan masyarakat kecil hanya menanggung dampak negatif dari sebuah pembangunan.
MUCOADHESIVE PATCHES OF PREGABALIN EFFECTIVE IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROPATHIC PAIN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India, A Shamim , Pathan Amjad Khan ,   Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India, Ahmad Rizwan ,   Professor, Department of Pharmacy, Vivek College of Technical Education, Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: July 2022

Although the oral pathway is the recommended mode of intake for the majority of medications, it does have some drawbacks i.e., pre-systemic metabolism in the liver, gastrointestinal disturbance, and enzyme degradation. It offers a safe method for administration of medications and easy way to reverse the intake of toxic substances by easy removal of dosage form from oral cavity. This review was designed to critically acknowledge the evaluation parameters, mechanism of cohesion, polymers used in mucoadhesive formulation, main method of preparations (solvent casting & milling), advantages & disadvantages of mucoadhesive patches. This review consists an extensive survey of literature from the Scopus, PubMed, Springer Nature and other international reputed sources. Since the middle of 1980s, the idea of muco-adhesion has acquired extensive interest in drug innovation. Muco-adhesive dosage structures were developed for oral delivery like adhesive unit dosage form, adhesive gels and adhesive patches. The epithelium that forms the internal lining of buccal mucosa is the primary obstruction for the drugs absorption. Muco-adhesion is defined as an interfacial adhesion in which one synthetic mucoadhesive polymer and the other mucin layer (mucosal tissue), are hold together by an attraction force. 'Mucoadhesive’ is defined as an artificial substance being capable of making interaction with mucus membranes and binding them together for extended or delayed periods of time. However, delivering therapeutically for the therapy of both systemic and topical disorders would take a lot more work with these innovative mucoadhesive formulations. In conclusion, it facilitates the target therapy by enriching efficacy or intrinsic activity. Keywords: mucoadhesive patch, solvent-casting, milling, mechanism of muco-adhesion, polymers
AGE AND GENDER PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors:   Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India., Supriya Pastham , Chaitanya Aeddalinti ,   Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India., Mounika Addula ,   Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India., Niharika Bommidi ,   Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India., Jagadish Kumar P ,   Department of Computer Science and engineering, Sreyas Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India.
Published: July 2022

The development of intelligent systems capable of effectively learning and recognising objects is the major goal of the very active research fields of pattern recognition and automatic classification. The usage of biometrics, which is generally utilised for security considerations, is integral to these applications. In the realm of research, the face modality has grown in importance as a basic biometric technique. The objective of this work is to create a system for estimating age and gender from a facial image or real-time video using convolutional neural networks. In this study, three CNN network models with various architectures (number of filters, number of convolution layers, etc.) were built and validated using data from the IMDB and WIKI. The results revealed that CNN networks significantly increase the system's performance and recognition accuracy.
Primary bone liposarcoma in children
Authors:   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Miron Ingrid ,   “Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Aprodu Gabriel ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   “Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Mihaila Doina ,   “Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Plamadeala Petru ,   “Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Miron Oana Tatiana ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania, Ciubara Anamaria ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   Socola Psychiatry Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Miron Lucian ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   Regional Oncology Institute, Iasi, Romania, Burlea Marin ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   “Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Moisa Stefana Maria ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   “Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinical Hospital, Iasi, Romania, Lucaci Laurentiu ,   “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania,   “Prof. Dr. George Georgescu” Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Iasi, Romania
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Even though the soft tissue liposarcoma is a frequent tumor, the primary bone liposarcoma is very rare, being localized especially in the long bones. Material and method. We present the case of a 14 years old female child, hospitalized in the „Sf. Maria“ Emergency Clinic Hospital for Children Iasi accusing pain, functional impairment and tumefaction in the right arm, symptoms which suddenly occurred about 24 hours prior to presentation, following a falling trauma on the right arm. The bone x-ray emphasized a tumor in the proximal part of the humerus bone, associated with a pathological fracture. Results. A biopsy form the tumor was performed and the pathology report (histology and immunohistochemistry) documented a malignant liposarcomatous proliferation. Conclusion. The final pathology diagnosis, correlated with the clinical findings, which excluded the possibility of a bone metastasis, was that of a primary bone liposarcoma. Case particularity: very rare tumor, witch presented with a pathological bone fracture. In establishing the diagnosis of a bone liposarcoma it is very important to exclude a bone metastasis from a liposarcoma with a primary localization other than the bone, as well as other primary bone tumors. The prognosis seems to be better than in the osteosarcoma but liposarcoma presents a higher rate of local recurrence and systemic dissemination.
Impactul psiho-social al durerii abdominale cronice din tulburările funcţionale gastrointestinale la copil
Authors:   Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie Socola, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Ciubară Anamaria , Chiriţă Roxana ,   Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie Socola, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Păduraru Gabriela ,   Spitalul Clinic de Copii „Sf. Maria“, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Radu Dania Andreea ,   Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie Socola, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Olaru Claudia Adriana ,   Spitalul Clinic de Copii „Sf. Maria“, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Untu Ilinca ,   Spitalul Clinic de Psihiatrie Socola, Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Burlea Lucian Ştefan ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România
Published: July 2022

Atât durerea abdominală funcţională, cât şi sindromul de intestin iritabil, sunt cauze frecvente ale durerii cronice abdominale la copil şi adolescent. Abordarea acestor entităţi nosologice se face conform modelului biopsihosocial al tulburărilor gastrointestinale funcţionale, dat fiind efectul acestora asupra calităţii vieţii pacienţilor şi asupra statusului psihosocial al acestora. Astfel, terapia cognitiv-comportamentală, psihoterapia de familie, tehnicile de relaxare sau hipnoterapia şi-au demonstrat eficienţa în obţinerea unor mai bune mecanisme de coping şi în atenuarea simptomatologiei psihice, cât şi somatice. Totodată, medicaţia antidepresivă incluzând inhibitorii recaptării serotoninei şi antidepresivele triciclice, aduce ameliorări notabile ale simptomatologiei psihice de aspect hipertimic negativ datorată afecţiunii gastrointestinale, dar şi a celei somatice digestive prin mecanisme dependente de acţiunea complexă a neuromediatorilor.
Tendinţe actuale în alimentaţia şi îngrijirea prematurului şi a copilului cu greutate mică la naştere
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicinǎ şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Florescu Laura , Temneanu Oana ,   Universitatea de Medicinǎ şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Mîndru Dana ,   Universitatea de Medicinǎ şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România
Published: July 2022

Greutatea mică la naştere este un indicator important al sănătăţii infantile prin prisma relaţiei strânse dintre greutatea la naştere şi morbiditatea şi mortalitatea infantilă. Diminuarea ratei de mortalitate şi morbiditate presupune cunoaşterea particularităţilor de creştere şi îngijire la aceste categorii de copii. Indiferent de categoria din care fac parte – prematuri, mici pentru vârsta gestaţională, întârziere în creşterea intrauterină – aceşti copii, prin greutatea la naştere mică, au un risc crescut de a dezvolta malnutriţie, motiv pentru care la aceştia se impune cunoaşterea necesarului energetic şi de principii alimentare maximale, particular lor. Asigurarea unui suport nutriţional optim precoce reprezintă elementul esenţial al îngrijirii acestora.
Consideraţii clinico-epidemiologice în legătură cu ulcerul primar la copil – studiu retrospectiv pe 5 ani
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Diaconescu Smaranda , Ignat Ancuţa ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Gimiga Nicoleta ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Olaru Claudia ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Păduraru Gabriela ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Lăcătuşu Alexandru ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Aprodu Sandu Gabriel ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Burlea Marin ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Gr. T. Popa“, Iaşi, România
Published: July 2022

Ulcerul peptic primar se menţine frecvent la copiii din ţările în curs de dezvoltare cu o incidenţă crescută a infecţiei cu H. pylori. Autorii au efectuat un studiu retrospectiv pe 84 de copii internaţi în Clinica V-a Pediatrie Gastroenterologie cu diagnosticul de boală ulceroasă între anii 2007-2023. Criteriile de includere în studiu au fost simptomatologia clinică sugestivă şi endoscopia pozitivă. În lotul studiat au existat 79 de copii cu ulcer primar şi 5 copii cu ulcer secundar. Raportând datele la o populaţie pediatrică de 1.400.000 de copii în nordestul României, incidenţa afecţiunii a fost de 5.64/100.000 iar frecvenţa a fost de 2,58% faţă de totalul de 3.052 de endoscopii digestive superioare efectuate în perioada menţionată. Raportul băieţi: fete a fost de 1.46:1 iar 77,41% dintre pacienţi proveneau din mediul urban. Ulcerele au debutat prin sindrom funcţional digestiv în 70,89% dintre cazuri sau printr-o complicaţie în 29,11% dintre cazuri. Prin endoscopie digestivă superioară au fost identificate 62 de ulcere duodenale (UD) şi 10 ulcere gastrice (UG). La 7 copii debutul prin perforaţie a permis identificarea intraoperatorie a leziunilor. În 70,89% dintre cazuri a fost demonstrată prezenţa cu infecţie cu H. pylori. Factorii favorizanţi pentru această boală au fost: dieta necorespunzătoare (63,16%), fumatul (57,89%), consumul de alcool (15,78%), stresul psihologic (27,27%). Am obţinut o corelaţie semnificativă între numărul mare de membri ai unei familii (r = 0,63%; p = 0,002), statusul socioeconomic scăzut (r = 0,87, p = 0,0003) şi infecţia cu H. pylori. Tratamentul antibacterian a utilizat tripla terapie standard la 73,33% pacienţi, cvadrupla terapie bazată pe bismut la 16,66% copii şi terapia secvenţială în 10% dintre cazuri. Rata globală de eradicare moderată obţinută (66,66%) poate fi considerată o dovadă indirectă a rezistenţei mari la claritromicină la copiii din România.
Intraosseous access – A classical method for vascular access that regains an important role as resuscitation tool
Authors:   Clinic IOMC, „Alfred Rusescu“ Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Craiu Mihai , Stan Iustina Violeta ,   Clinic IOMC, „Alfred Rusescu“ Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, Cochino Alexis Virgil ,   Clinic IOMC, „Alfred Rusescu“ Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: July 2022

75-80% of life threatening situations, with unexpected arrest, are documented out of hospital (1). This situation generates frequently a difficult resuscitation. Main cause for failure is delay in gaining vascular access for fluid and drug delivery (2). Intraosseous access (IO) is used for treatment in patients without a previously placed intravenous line that experience abrupt-onset life threatening situations (3). Authors revisit data from initial development of this method and document the role of IO access as a valuable tool during resuscitation according to European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2010 (4). Particular aspects of technique, improvisations and real life trouble shooting issues are presented from a single pediatric Emergency Department experience.
Risks and benefits of methylxanthines therapy – Case study
Authors:   ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Boia Mariana
Published: July 2022

Introduction. Apnea of prematurity (AOP), a developmental disorder of respiratory control present in approximately 80% of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, that, if prolonged, may cause hypoxemia and low cardiac output, with subsequent neurodevelopmental compromise. Material and method. Retrospective study in a regional referral level III neonatal intensive care unit, sought to evaluate our experience with methylxanthines treatment for recurrent apneic spells in 84 preterm infants with gestational age of < 32 weeks and birth weight of < 1,500 g. Results. The median maintenance dose was 5 mg/kg/d for caffeine citrate, and 3 mg/kg/d for theophylline. There was no difference in mean apnea rate between caffeine and theophylline groups after one to week of treatment, with similar need for continuous positive airway pressure and supplementary oxygen requirements in both groups. Adverse effects, such as tachycardia, feeding intolerance and failure to gain weight leading to change in dosage, were lower in the caffeine group. Conclusions. Lower postmenstrual age (less than 28,2 weeks) were associated with increased need for methylxanthines weight adjustments and mini-loads, as these infants required longer courses of therapy. While both methylxanthines are as effective in treating apneic preterms, caffeine citrate was the preferred drug given its wider therapeutic margin, and fewer adverse effects.
Common carotid intima media thickness in obese children born small for gestational age versus appropriate for gestational age
Authors:   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania, Stroescu Ramona ,   ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Micle Ioana ,   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania, Bizerea Teofana ,   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania,   ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Marazan Monica ,   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania, Puiu Maria ,   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania,   ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Doros Gabriela ,   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania,   ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Marginean Otilia ,   ”Louis Turcanu” Emergency Hospital for Children, Timisoara, Romania,   ”Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
Published: July 2022

The intima media thickness of the common carotid artery (CIMT) is a well-known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. The “catch-up growth” phenomenon in children born small for gestational age (SGA) has been linked to early onset obesity with the subsequent emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Aim: to determine the association between being born SGA and CIMT, a measure of atherogenesis and to establish cut off values for CIMT in obese children. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out over a 1 year period (Jul 2012-June 2013). We analyzed 122 obese patients, 96 patients appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 26 patients SGA. Both groups were matched for age, sex and BMI. CIMT was measured in all the patients. Using ROC curve, cut off values have been obtained for both groups. Results. CIMT in obese children born SGA was significantly increased as compared with obese children born AGA similar age, sex and BMI (p = 0.0035). A CIMT cut off value of 0.049 cm has been obtained with a high sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion. Being born SGA increases the atherogenic risk. CIMT is a well-known marker of subclinical atherosclerosis and is a noninvasive and inexpensive method for detecting development of subclinical atherosclerosis. Further population studies regarding reference values for CIMT in obese children born SGA and AGA are necessary.
Disciplinas de mantenimiento y gestión de activos físicos hospitalarios en América Latina: resultados de la producción científica en las últimas décadas
Authors: Madroñal-Ortiz Manuel , Galeano-Upegui Beatriz Janeth , Escobar-Mora Nelson Javier , Cuartas-Ramírez Diego , Osorio Marisol
Published: July 2022

Las instituciones de salud utilizan diferentes disciplinas para ampliarla disponibilidad de su infraestructura, equipos biomédicos, equipos industriales y Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación y servicios de soporte.En este trabajo se realizó estudiobibliométrico con un enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo) sobre las investigaciones más relevantes de disciplinas vinculadas almantenimiento, gestión de edificios, gestión de inmueblesy gestión de activos en el sector de la salud en América Latina.El análisis cuantitativoofreció información sobre producción por año, autor, institución, país, así como indicadores de productividad.En cambio, el análisis cualitativo con la ayuda de softwaresespecializadosofreció información sobre la reiteraciónde palabrasen cuatro vertientes: clústeres, períodos de tiempo, concentración de coincidenciay temáticas por países. Los resultados muestran que tan solo trespaíses cuentan con el 90% de las publicaciones en el período 2000-2018,y la mayor parte (72%) de la producción científica ha recaído especialmente en universidades latinoamericanas, especialmente cuatro,que marcarán las tendencias de investigación de estas disciplinas en los próximos años en esta región.En conclusión, los autores de este trabajo hanacotado al menos11tendencias investigativas delas cuatro disciplinas analizadas en América Latina.Estas tendencias tendrán unainfluencia significativa en la eficiencia de las instituciones de salud enlasáreas financiera, eficiencia, sostenibilidad y en salud laboral.
Searching for Variable Stars in the Open Cluster NGC 2355 and Its Surrounding Region
Authors: Wang Hong , Zhang Yu , Zeng Xiangyun , Hu Qingshun , Liu Jinzhong , Qin Mingfeng , Lü Guoliang
Published: July 2022

We have investigated the variable stars in the field surrounding NGC 2355 based on the time-series photometric observation data. More than 3000 CCD frames were obtained in the V band spread over 13 nights with the Nanshan One-meter Wide-field Telescope. We have detected 88 variable stars, containing 72 new variable stars and 16 known variable stars. By analyzing these light curves, we classified the variable stars as follows: 26 eclipsing binaries, 52 pulsating stars, four rotating variables, and six unclear type-variable stars for which their periods are much longer than the time baseline chosen. Employing Gaia DR2 parallax, kinematics, and photometry, the cluster memberships of these variable stars were also analyzed for NGC 2355. In addition to the 11 variable members reported by Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018), we identify four more variable member candidates located at the outer region of NGC 2355 and showed homogeneity in space positions and kinematic properties with the cluster members. The main physical parameters of NGC 2355 estimated from the two-color and color–magnitude diagrams are log(age/yr) = 8.9, E(B − V) = 0.24 mag, and [Fe/H] = −0.07 dex.
Further Evidence of Modified Spin-down in Sun-like Stars: Pileups in the Temperature–Period Distribution
Authors: David Trevor J. , Angus Ruth , Curtis Jason L. , van Saders Jennifer L. , Colman Isabel L. , Contardo Gabriella , Lu Yuxi , Zinn Joel C.
Published: July 2022

We combine stellar surface rotation periods determined from NASA’s Kepler mission with spectroscopic temperatures to demonstrate the existence of pileups at the long-period and short-period edges of the temperature–period distribution for main-sequence stars with temperatures exceeding ∼5500 K. The long-period pileup is well described by a curve of constant Rossby number, with a critical value of Rocrit ≲ Ro⊙. The long-period pileup was predicted by van Saders et al. as a consequence of weakened magnetic braking, in which wind-driven angular momentum losses cease once stars reach a critical Rossby number. Stars in the long-period pileup are found to have a wide range of ages (∼2–6 Gyr), meaning that, along the pileup, rotation period is strongly predictive of a star’s surface temperature but weakly predictive of its age. The short-period pileup, which is also well described by a curve of constant Rossby number, is not a prediction of the weakened magnetic braking hypothesis but may instead be related to a phase of slowed surface spin-down due to core-envelope coupling. The same mechanism was proposed by Curtis et al. to explain the overlapping rotation sequences of low-mass members of differently aged open clusters. The relative dearth of stars with intermediate rotation periods between the short- and long-period pileups is also well described by a curve of constant Rossby number, which aligns with the period gap initially discovered by McQuillan et al. in M-type stars. These observations provide further support for the hypothesis that the period gap is due to stellar astrophysics, rather than a nonuniform star formation history in the Kepler field.
Possibility to Identify the Contributions from Collapsars, Supernovae, and Neutron Star Mergers from the Evolution of the r-process Mass Abundance Distribution
Authors: Yamazaki Yuta , He Zhenyu , Kajino Toshitaka , Mathews Grant J. , Famiano Michael A. , Tang Xiaodong , Shi Jianrong
Published: July 2022

We study the evolution of rapid neutron-capture process (r-process) isotopes in the galaxy. We analyze relative contributions from core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), neutron star mergers, and collapsars under a range of astrophysical conditions and nuclear input data. Here we show that, although the r-process in each of these sites can lead to a similar (universal) elemental distribution, the detailed isotopic abundances can differ from one site to another. These differences may allow for the identification of which sources contributed to the early evolution of r-process material in the galaxy. Our simulations suggest that the early evolution was dominated by CCSNe and collapsar r-process nucleosynthesis. This conclusion may be testable if the next generation of observatories can deduce isotopic r-process abundances.
Gamma-Ray Diagnostics of r-process Nucleosynthesis in the Remnants of Galactic Binary Neutron-star Mergers
Authors: Terada Yukikatsu , Miwa Yuya , Ohsumi Hayato , Fujimoto Shin-ichiro , Katsuda Satoru , Bamba Aya , Yamazaki Ryo
Published: July 2022

We perform a full nuclear-network numerical calculation of the r-process nuclei in binary neutron-star mergers (NSMs), with the aim of estimating gamma-ray emissions from the remnants of Galactic NSMs up to 106 yr old. The nucleosynthesis calculation of 4070 nuclei is adopted to provide the elemental composition ratios of nuclei with an electron fraction Y
e between 0.10 and 0.45. The decay processes of 3237 unstable nuclei are simulated to extract the gamma-ray spectra. As a result, the NSMs have different spectral colors in the gamma-ray band from various other astronomical objects at less than 105 yr old. In addition, we propose a new line diagnostic method for Y
e that uses the line ratios of either 137mBa/85K or 243Am/60mCo, which become larger than unity for young and old r-process sites, respectively, with a low-Y
e environment. From an estimation of the distance limit for gamma-ray observations as a function of age, the high sensitivity in the sub-megaelectronvolt band, at approximately 10−9 photons s−1 cm−2 or 10−15 erg s−1 cm−2, is required to cover all the NSM remnants in our Galaxy, if we assume that the population of NSMs by Wu et al. A gamma-ray survey with sensitivities of 10−8–10−7 photons s−1 cm−2 or 10−14–10−13 erg s−1 cm−2 in the 70–4000 keV band is expected to find emissions from at least one NSM remnant under the assumption of an NSM rate of 30 Myr−1. The feasibility of gamma-ray missions observing Galactic NSMs is also studied.
Phase Shifts Measured in Evanescent Acoustic Waves above the Solar Photosphere and Their Possible Impacts on Local Helioseismology
Authors: Zhao Junwei , Rajaguru S. P. , Chen Ruizhu
Published: July 2022

A set of 464 minutes of high-resolution high-cadence observations were acquired for a region near the Sun’s disk center using the Interferometric BI-dimensional Spectrometer installed at the Dunn Solar Telescope. Ten sets of Dopplergrams are derived from the bisector of the spectral line corresponding approximately to different atmospheric heights, and two sets of Dopplergrams are derived using an MDI-like algorithm and center-of-gravity method. These data are then filtered to keep only acoustic modes, and phase shifts are calculated between Doppler velocities of different atmospheric heights as a function of acoustic frequency. The analysis of the frequency- and height-dependent phase shifts shows that, for evanescent acoustic waves, oscillations in the higher atmosphere lead those in the lower atmosphere by an order of 1 s when their frequencies are below about 3.0 mHz, and lags behind by about 1 s when their frequencies are above 3.0 mHz. Nonnegligible phase shifts are also found in areas with systematic upward or downward flows. All these frequency-dependent phase shifts cannot be explained by vertical flows or convective blueshifts, but are likely due to complicated hydrodynamics and radiative transfer in the nonadiabatic atmosphere in and above the photosphere. These phase shifts in the evanescent waves pose great challenges to the interpretation of some local helioseismic measurements that involve data acquired at different atmospheric heights or in regions with systematic vertical flows. More quantitative characterization of these phase shifts is needed so that they can either be removed during measuring processes or be accounted for in helioseismic inversions.
Propagating Alfvénic Waves Observed in the Chromosphere around a Small Sunspot: Tales of 3-minute Waves and 10-minute Waves
Authors: Chae Jongchul , Cho Kyuhyoun , Lim Eun-Kyung , Kang Juhyung
Published: July 2022

Recent observations provided evidence that the solar chromosphere of sunspot regions is pervaded by Alfvénic waves—transverse magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves (Alfvén waves or kink waves). In order to systematically investigate the physical characteristics of Alfvénic waves over a wide range of periods, we analyzed the time series of line-of-sight velocity maps constructed from the Hα spectral data of a small sunspot region taken by the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph of the Goode Solar Telescope at Big Bear. We identified each Alfvénic wave packet by examining the cross-correlation of band-filtered velocity between two points that are located a little apart presumably on the same magnetic field line. As result, we detected a total of 279 wave packets in the superpenumbral region around the sunspot and obtained their statistics of period, velocity amplitude, and propagation speed. An important finding of ours is that the detected Alfvénic waves are clearly separated into two groups: 3-minute period (<7 minutes) waves and 10-minute period (>7 minutes) waves. We propose two tales on the origin of Alfvénic waves in the chromosphere; the 3-minute Alfvénic waves are excited by the upward-propagating slow waves in the chromosphere through the slow-to-Alfvénic mode conversion, and the 10-minute Alfvénic waves represent the chromospheric manifestation of the kink waves driven by convective motions in the photosphere.
Observations of Whistler-mode Waves and Large-amplitude Electrostatic Waves Associated with a Dipolarization Front in the Bursty Bulk Flow
Authors: Zhang He , Zhong Zhihong , Tang Rongxin , Liu Chengming , Deng Xiaohua , Zhou Meng , Wang Dedong
Published: July 2022

Plasma jets and jet fronts are common phenomena in planetary magnetospheres. They are usually associated with many plasma waves and can play a key role in the energy conversion, the excitation of wave emissions, particle acceleration, and the evolution of many astrophysical phenomena, which are major issues in the study of helio-terrestrial space physics. In this paper, we carefully investigated the properties of the whistler-mode wave and large-amplitude electrostatic wave in a plasma jet (bursty bulk flow (BBF)) using the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission data on the Earth's magnetosphere. At the leading part of the BBF, intense whistler-mode waves were observed inside the ion mirror-mode structures, which should be excited by the perpendicular temperature anisotropy of trapping electrons. A small-scale dipolarization front (DF) was then observed at the center of this BBF as a boundary between the leading and trailing parts of the BBF. Behind the DF, both an ion mirror-mode structure and whistler-mode waves disappear, while a large-amplitude electrostatic wave was detected and was associated with the cold ions at the trailing part of the BBF. The electrostatic wave is supposed to be generated by ion beam instability. These results will significantly improve the understanding of the kinetic process associated with the important boundary layer DF within plasma jets. The corresponding wave–particle interaction in space and the plasma environment can be further understood.
Polarization in Early Optical Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts Driven by Precessing Jets
Authors: Huang Bao-Quan , Liu Tong
Published: July 2022

Jet precessions are widely involved in astrophysical phenomena from galaxies to X-ray binaries and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Polarization presents a unique probe of the magnetic fields in GRB jets. The precession of GRB relativistic jets will change the geometry within the observable emitting region of the jet, which can potentially affect the polarization of the afterglow. In this paper, we take into account jet precession to study the polarization evolution and corresponding light curves in GRB early optical afterglows with ordered and random magnetic field geometries. We find that the jet precession in long-lived engines can significantly reduce the polarization degree (PD) regardless of the magnetic field structure. The strongest PD attenuation is found when the line of sight is aligned with the precession axis. Our results show that jet precession can provide new insight into the low PD measured in the early optical afterglows of GRBs.
iPTF14hls in the Circumstellar Medium Interaction Model: A Promising Candidate for a Pulsational Pair-instability Supernova
Authors: Wang Ling-Jun , Liu Liang-Duan , Lin Wei-Li , Wang Xiao-Feng , Dai Zi-Gao , Li Bing , Song Li-Ming
Published: July 2022

iPTF14hls is a luminous Type II supernova (SN) with a bumpy light curve whose origin remains under debate. It maintains a roughly constant effective temperature and luminosity for about 600 days after discovery, followed by a slow decay. About ∼1000 days after discovery, the light curve transitions to a very steep decline. A spectrum taken during this steep-decline phase shows clear signatures of a shock interaction with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). Here, we explore the possibility of iPTF14hls as an interaction-powered SN. The light curve of iPTF14hls can be fitted with wind-like CSMs. Analytic modeling indicates that iPTF14hls may have undertaken six episodes of mass loss during the last ∼200 yr. Assuming that the 1954 eruption triggered the last mass-loss episode, the stellar wind velocity is determined to be 40−70 km s−1, depending on different models. Mass-loss rates are in the range 0.4–3.3M
⊙ yr−1. The inferred total mass of the ejecta and CSMs (M
ej + M
CSMs ≃ 245M
⊙) supports the idea that iPTF14hls may be a candidate for a (pulsational) pair-instability SN. Discoveries and observations of similar stellar explosions will help us to understand these peculiar SNe.
The Effect of Health Promotion Media on Breastfeeding Mothers’ Attitude about Exclusive Breastfeeding in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi
Authors: Asrina Andi , Sutriani Sutriani , Tenri Andi , Yusriani Yusriani , Palutturi Sukri
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Breast milk (ASI) is an essential food for babies aged 0–6 months. However, many mothers do not provide breast milk exclusively to their babies due to many reasons, including busy work. Furthermore, another reason of them to not provide exclusive breast milk is because of the lack of information obtained during pregnancy and breastfeeding period, leading to the lack of understanding and affecting the formation of positive attitudes of the mothers toward the importance of exclusive breastfeeding.

AIM: This study aims to analyze the effect of health promotion media on the mothers’ breastfeeding attitude about exclusive breastfeeding in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi.

METHODS: This research was conducted by applying a quantitative quasi-experimental design with two groups of pre-test and post-test. The population and samples involved are 70 breastfeeding mothers who had children aged 0–6 months old and living in the working area of the Koppe Public Health Center. In this case, they were divided into two groups with a ratio of 1:1, in which 35 breastfeeding mothers were in the flipchart group, while the other 35 mothers were in the education control card group.

RESULTS: Based on the research that has been done, it was revealed that there was an effect of knowledge before and after health education, intervention was provided in the forms of educational control card media with = 0.000 (p < 0.05). The difference in the mean value between the flipchart media and the education control card group is 9.57, while the attitude probability value after the intervention is p = 0.085 which is more than α = 0.05.

CONCLUSIONS: This study concluded that there was no difference in attitude between the flipchart group and the education control card group after being given the intervention.
The Effect of Social Media-based Pokemon Education on Adolescent Knowledge about Tuberculosis Prevention
Authors: Ernirita Ernirita , Fahrudin Adi , Widiastuti Erni
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND: Indonesia is in the second rank of the highest cases (TB) in the world. Therefore, tuberculosis prevention strategies are needed, especially for children. AIM: This survey study aims to examine the effect of education using Pokemon based on social media such as Instagram and WhatsApp on students’ knowledge about preventing of TB transmission. METHODS: The Pokemon Education develops by first author and validated by second author. The design of this study was a pre-experimental design with one group pre-post-test design. A total of 113 students were selected as sample of this study, but only 104 students attend and complete the questioner during data collection schedule. The research instrument used a Google Form Questionnaire. RESULTS: Data analysis found that age mean of 104 respondents’ student was 13.42, meaning that the average age of the respondents was 13–14 years. Data analysis also found that the pre-test mean value of knowledge about TB prevention was 74.42 and mean value of the post-test was 84.81. Paired sample t-test results indicate that there is a significant difference knowledge about TB prevention before and after education (ρ = 0,0001). CONCLUSION: Thus, it can be concluded that education using social media-based Pokemon is effectively to increasing adolescents’ knowledge about preventing TB transmission.
The Correlation Between the DMFT of the 15-year-old Children and the Concentration of Fluoride in Drinking Water from the East Region of the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Ambarkova Vesna , Kokoceva-Ivanovska Olga , Stavreva Natasha , Ambarkov Jovan , Karakamcev Tomo
Published: July 2022

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the DMFT index of 15-year-old children from the east region and the concentration of fluoride in drinking water from the populated areas where children live. METHODS: In the examination, 414 children were enrolled, out of seven central secondary schools from four bigger cities from east region, at which the DMFT index was determined. The children live in six different cities and 51 different villages. Fifty-seven water samples were taken from the examined area to determine the fluoride concentration using the electrochemical method using the pH/ISE meter-Thermo-Orion with a special F-electrode (Thermo Orion Ion Plus Fluoride Electrode) at the Institute for public health. Spearman’s method was used to determine the correlation between the specified variables. RESULTS: The total number of children in the examined sample was 414, out of which 226 (54.6%) were male and 188 (45.4%) were female. The prevalence of caries free children was 9.4%. SiC index was 10.22. The average DMFT index in this group of children was 5.77 with a standard deviation of ± 4.02. Maximum concentration of fluorine in drinking water of 0.99 ppmF was determined in the village Raslovci, and 0.87 ppmF in the village Star Karaorman, while the minimum (0.07 ppmF) in the village Dvorishte and (0.10 ppmF) in the village Grad. Correlation of the DMFT index in 15-year-old children from the east region and the concentration of fluorine in the drinking water has a negative, indirect correlation, with the value of the coefficient R = −0.27. CONCLUSION: The correlation between the DMFT index and the concentration of drinking water is a negative, indirect correlation, and statistically, this correlation is highly significant (p < 0.05).
A Multimodal Analgesic Protocol with Gabapentin-dexmedetomidine for Post-operative Pain Management after Modified Radical Mastectomy Surgery: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Abdallah Nasr Mahmoud , Bakeer Ahmed Hussain
Published: July 2022

Background and Aim: Modified radical mastectomy (MRM) is accompanied by severe acute postoperative pain. This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral gabapentin plus dexmedetomidine infusion as an analgesic multimodal protocol in patients undergoing MRM.
Methods: This prospective randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study included 30 females scheduled for MRM from June 2021 to December 2021. They were randomly divided into two groups. GD Group (n=15) received oral gabapentin 400 mg and IV infusion of Dexmedetomidine 0.4 µg/kg/h over 10 min after a bolus of 0.5 µg/kg before induction of general anesthesia. Placebo Group (n=15) received a placebo capsule and saline infusion identical to the GD Group. The primary outcome measure was total morphine consumption, and secondary outcomes were pain and sedation scores and intraoperative fentanyl consumption.
Results: Pain score was significantly lower in the GD Group than the Placebo group, starting immediately postoperative up to 24 hours except after 18 hours. The total intraoperative fentanyl consumption and postoperative morphine consumption were significantly lower in the GD Group. The sedation score was significantly higher in the GD Group compared to the Placebo group immediately postoperative and after 2 hours. The heart rate and mean arterial pressure were within the clinically accepted ranges intra- and postoperatively in the two groups.
Conclusion: Preemptive oral gabapentin plus dexmedetomidine IV infusion is a safe and effective analgesic alternative for patients undergoing MRM.
MONOMORPHIC EPITHELIOTROPIC INTESTINAL T-LYMPHOMA – CASE REPORT
Authors: Stojanoski Zlate , Saliu Valon , Petrushevska Gordana , Spirov Goran , Karanfilska Aleksandra , Ivanovski Martin , Karanfilski Oliver , Panovska-Stavridis Irina
Published: July 2022

Background: Monomorphic epitheliotropic intestinal T cell lymphoma (MEITL) (formerly termed enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma, type II) is an extremely rare peripheral T-cell lymphoma that involves the malignant proliferation of a T- lymphocyte in the gastrointestinal tract. Over time, these T cells commonly spread throughout the mucosal lining of a portion of the GI tract (particularly the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine), lead to GI tract nodules and ulcerations, and cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, weight loss, diarrhea, obstruction, bleeding, and/or perforation. Its clinical, morphologic, and immunophenotypic features distinguishing it from the more common Enteropathy Associated T-Lymphoma (previously EATL type I) made it a separate entity.
Case report: We present a case of a rare extremely aggressive T cell lymphoma that originates from the gastrointestinal tract, spreads to surrounding organs and is refractory to surgery and chemotherapy. We describe а case report of 79 years old patient with clinical features of acute abdomen, ileus,  treated with surgery two times. During the first surgery partial resection of jejunum was performed. Pathohistology and immunоhistochemistry findings of MEITL. PET/CT scan revealed infiltration of intestinum, uterus, ovarium. During the second operation partial resection of ileum and hysterectomy with adnexectomy was performed. The patient is treated with antracycline-based regimen CHOP21 (4 cycles). Re-evaluation with second PET/CT scan revealed residual tumor on the intestinum and bladder. The patient deteriorate with acute renal failure and multi-organ failure. Despite aggressive treatment with extensive surgery and aggressive anthracycline-based chemotherapy, in a short time the tumor spread to surrounding organs (sigma, bladder). The patient survived 11 months from the initial definitive diagnosis.
 Conclusion: MEITL is a challenging primary intestinal T cell lymphoma to treat as the outcome is frequently poor despite surgery and chemotherapy. Most patients are elderly with co-morbidities and they usually present late rendering any therapy ineffective. Young age, early Ann-Arbor/Lugano disease stage, good performance scale status, patients receiving autologous stem cell transplantation and less bulky disease are associated with an improved survival outcome. Further research is needed to incorporate new therapeutic modalities based on molecular research for successful treatment of this aggressive lymphoma.