bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poziționarea Turciei într-o eventuală criză politico-militară declanșată de Federația Rusă în regiunea Mării Negre
Authors:   Centrul de Studii Strategice de Apărare și Securitate, Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, București, ATANASIU Mirela
Published: October 2022

"Against the background of the growing concern of the Euro-Atlantic community about Turkey’s approach to Russia, this paper presents the probable posture of Turkey in a potential politico-military crisis caused by Russia in the Black Sea region. Thus, considering a projective scenario in which Russia is again engaged in a military conflict by invading Ukraine, it is estimated the most possible positioning of Turkey. This results from an operational analysis, based on a MACTOR model (Matrix of alliances and conflicts: tactics, objectives and recommendations) of Professor Michel Godet, focused on the influence between actors and their interests, adapted by the author of the material to this scenario. Thus, the application of MACTOR model, configured based on the premise that Turkey has certain strategic objectives in the context created by the scenario of Ukraine’s aggression by the Russian Federation, estimates that the Ankara administration will line up to NATO posture in this crisis because this way it maximises its chances to fulfil the objectives."
Opinii privind definirea și interpretarea unor concepte din gândirea și teoria militară rusă
Authors:   Academia Națională de Informații „Mihai Viteazul”, BADIU Teodor
Published: October 2022

There is an abundance of perspectives and interpretations about the practices and actions of the Russian Federation on states and individuals, especially at the information level. However, in some respects, Western perspectives tend to simplify Russian actions and categorise them as zero-sum games. In this respect, the paper tries to interpret the actions of the Russian Federation, especially at the informational level, by defining key concepts, as well as to provide a perspective on how Russian military theorists use the notion of “hostile actions” in the context of designing peacetime operations. Moreover, the complexity of the Russian military theoretical background is highlighted, with brief comparisons between the theoretical forms of some concepts from the Soviet period and the present. The paper also reviews some conceptions of the hybrid form of Russian action, attempts to synthesise certain views of Russian military theorists and, based on Russian strategic culture, to show the levels of action in the context of a series of operations. Finally, the paper proposes an orientation model that addresses a holistic perspective on how the subversive and informational actions of the Russian Federation can influence the policy and security of a state targeting the individual, society and the political system.
Războiul hibrid sau „Lebăda Neagră” în noul context societal contemporan
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, ROMAN Daniel
Published: October 2022

"The current international security situation determined by the new economic, financial, political, military and social context, in terms of the COVID-19 pandemic, is perhaps one of the major challenges that the states have to face in their development and existence. Beyond the concept of consolidated national defence, the need for an alliance and for lifting the barriers between states in the face of the waves of the SARS-CoV-2 Coronavirus contamination is a reality which is difficult to characterise. In this context, we rediscover the meaning of terms such as “uncertainty”, “probability” and “knowledge” as well as the “Black Swan” – a highly improbable event, identified by rarity, extreme impact and surprise, which, despite the unexpected, could have been demonstrated predictable. Hybrid warfare – a trend in the international affairs at the beginning of the 21st century is already one of the intriguing topics of many studies on security or of epic writings about “an immediate future”. The role of the military component in the societal network of the interconnected domains becomes a major one, which requires a reassessment of the military specialist’s skills, in an extended situational awareness, on the critical infrastructure protection societal coordinates."
Cum poate ajuta „echipa roșie” la desfășurarea procesului de planificare specific Forțelor Aeriene?
Authors:   Universitatea Națională de Apărare „Carol I”, CHIRIAC Cătălin
Published: October 2022

"Command has always been the responsibility of commanders, regardless of the echelon, its materialisation being based on decision as well as on decision-making process. The geometry of the operating environment, the continuous transformation of the types of operations and, implicitly, of the way of approaching them have led to the identification of alternatives in terms of supporting the decision-making act. In this regard, the concept (and possibly its materialisation) of Red Team can be a viable alternative."
Evoluția conceptului de optimizare a performanței umane și aplicații în domeniul militar
Authors:   Medic primar, București, DUGAN Cosmin , STANCIU Robert Ionuț ,   Ministerul Apărării Naționale, VIZITIU Cristian ,   Institutul de Științe Spațiale, Măgurele
Published: October 2022

"In these times, dominated by accelerated cognitisation and sophisticated automation, rapid development of computers and multiplication of forms of communication, the human factor seems to have a secondary role. From our point of view, this is just an appearance, because the new cognitive instruments do not replace, but mirror and simulate aspects of people’s higher psychic functions, acting as a multiplier for talented, educated and original minds. The concept of Human Performance Optimization (HPO) represents a systematic effort to use the latest technologies and knowledge to achieve the maximum performance of individuals, teams and/or organisations. At the same time, HPO is an ethical way to optimize technological synapse between the forms of artificial and human intelligence."
Organizarea și acțiunea sistemului de apărare a Dobrogei în anii 1939-1941
Authors:   Muzeul Militar Național Regele „Ferdinand I”, filiala Constanța, SCURTU Costin
Published: October 2022

"The European political events of the fourth decade of the twentieth century had bad repercussions on Romania’s security system, which led to the intensification of measures to prepare the economy, population and territory for defence so that the Romanian army was able to counter possible aggression on the national territory. Dobrogea was to know, in its turn, the transformations of the Romanian territory defence system: the 9th Infantry Division was located on the southern border of Dobrogea, and the 10th Infantry Division was located in the Delta and Tulcea County area. In those circumstances, the then-mayor of Constanța, General (r.) Teodor Nicolau, took measures to protect the population in case of possible bombing, building high-capacity underground shelters."
Options for Ensuring Command and Control Arrangements for European Union Operations – The Dimension of Cooperation with NATO –
Authors:   Ministry of National Defence, ILINCA Dragoș
Published: October 2022

"The operational dynamics associated with the development of European security and defence cooperation has undergone significant developments in recent years, reflected in the European Union’s numerous operational commitments. In this context, the issue of developing command and control arrangements to support an ever-expanding operational agenda has been a constant concern. We can talk about structuring a model used by the European Union in which there are a number of options that this organisation can use in structuring its own operations. In this inventory, the conduct of EU operations using NATO means and capabilities was the approach initially addressed, which continues to be used in the context of the two organisations’ commitments in the Balkans. In addition to the operational aspects, the use of this cooperation framework has allowed the deepening of the NATO-EU Strategic Partnership, with a positive impact on strengthening European and Euro-Atlantic security."
Studies and Proposals for the Development and Use of the Romanian Merchant Fleet during Peacetime and Wartime (1938-1940)
Authors:   “Hyperion” University, București, GIURCĂ Ion
Published: October 2022

"After becoming an independent state, which was followed by the return of Dobruja to the Romanian state, Romania became a littoral country. Therefore, the need arose to create, along with the Danube merchant fleet, a maritime one, with state and private capital, to contribute to the country’s budget, by transporting goods not only for domestic needs but also for the needs of other countries or companies. At the same time, it was considered necessary to build a military naval and river fleet to defend the Danube and the Black Sea, which proved useful during the National Reunification War (1916-1920), as well as to provide support for the collective security system existing in the 1930s (Romanian-Polish, Little Entente and Balkan Pact). The development of the state merchant navy in Romania dates back to 1895, when Grigore Manu was given the task of organising a maritime navigation service, an action that got materialised in a law adopted on 7/19 June 1888. The first voyage of a ship operated by the Romanian Maritime Service took place on 14/26 August 1895, when “Medeea” left Brăila for Istanbul, carrying 25 passengers and 600 tons of cargo. A few days later, on 26 August/8 September, “Meteor” made the first voyage with the same destination. Starting on 14/26 September it was to operate regular passenger transport services between Constanța and Istanbul (Ghica, 1939, pp. 149-150; Sambra, Historia)."
Structural properties of chalcogenides nanostructures
Authors: H. Zhang Dao
Published: October 2022

Following the discovery of carbon fullerenes and nanotubes (NTs), nanostructured materials and their synthesis have attracted tremendous attention due to their superior mechanical properties, their unique electronic behavior, and their high potential in making technologically advanced nanodevices. Among different classes, layered metal chalcogenides nanostructures are of interest for a variety of applications ranging from nanoelectronics or as source materials for energy applications, nanotribology and in heterogeneous catalysis. These nanoparticles are metastable phases. Therefore, equilibrium methods are necessary to prevent the formation of the thermodynamically stable bulk phase. On the other hand, high energies are needed to “knit” together the folded layers. Several physical techniques such as laser ablation and arch discharge are used for the synthesis of these inorganic NTs and fullerene-like particles. Apart from these high-energy techniques other processes such as oxide-to-sulfide conversion, hydrothermal, solvothermal, or wet chemical synthesis were found to be useful for the synthesis of these particles.
William Bolcom (b. 1938)
Authors: Magee Gayle Sherwood
Published: October 2022

Magee places the interview at a crucial point in Bolcom’s career and explores the relationship between synthesis and “stylistic rupture” in his work at the time. Childs and Bolcom discuss his early life in music, his studies with Milhaud and at the Paris Conservatoire with Henri Dutilleux, and “rupture de style.” Bolcom mentions the Beatles, problems with university music education and the urge to make a living as a composer. They discuss living in New York as a center of American music and about Bolcom’s residency at Tanglewood, where he met William Albright, the role of drugs on creativity, his breakthrough piece, Black Host, and on his current projects. He discusses New York artists, ragtime, Joplin’s opera Treemonisha, the act of composition, and the assessment of past work.
Joel Chadabe (1938–2021)
Authors: Haefeli Sara
Published: October 2022

Haefeli describes Chadabe’s technological advances in electronic music at the time of the interview and compares and contrasts Chadabe’s thinking with Cage, with whom he worked. Childs and Chadabe discuss Chadabe’s concepts of levels in memory and process automation. They agree on problems such as process as proof of worth, serialism, masterwork culture, limitations in Schenkerian analysis, education, the obsession with historical music as opposed to historical art. They discuss the problems of notation both in instrumental and electronic composition, open and demonstrative teaching methods, and the rate of change in electronic music. Chadabe categorizes sound by waveform, and notes that Cage brought new sounds into the musical world. He believes that they were, following Meyer, at the end of the Renaissance.
Alvin Lucier (b. 1931)
Authors: Kuivila Ronald
Published: October 2022

Kuivila notes that at the time of the interview Lucier was interested in sonic effects at the edge of musical focus. Childs and Lucier discuss synthesizers as a form of technology; instrumentation as culture; Sonic Arts Union and Europe; brainwaves and echolocation; art in environment; acoustics and engineering. Lucier introduces the Indonesian view of art; occult and alchemy; Pauline Oliveros and female wisdom; Mao; choral directing; ethnomusicology; politics. He talks about his piece I Am Sitting in a Room; mixing cultures; Native American chant; his work in the ONCE group; transformation; speech and stuttering; Cardew on Cage and Stockhausen; and The Queen of the South.
Phil Winsor (1938–2012)
Authors: Gena Peter
Published: October 2022

Gena describes Winsor’s musical and educational philosophy from his work with Winsor in Chicago in the late 1970s, placing Winsor’s background in the San Francisco Tape Music Center (to 1965) as an important formative experience. Childs and Winsor discuss Winsor’s experiences in San Francisco and Tanglewood; open style, and New Romanticism. They talk of Winsor’s experiences in Rome and Milan, Darmstadt and a new regard for American music. Compositional issues include quotation versus collage; Melted Ears; McLuhan and the electronic revolution; indeterminacy and performer choice; synthesizers and electronic music studios; linguistic analogies and “non-linguistic composition.” They discuss Cage, education and its relevance, comprehensibility of musical process, competition and differences between eastern, midwestern, and western composers. They end with masterworks, critics (which Winsor calls “crickets”), bad performances, musical expression and meaning, film and multimedia.
The Monster Movies
Authors: Friedman Lester D.
Published: October 2022

Spielberg’s forays into this genre remain among the most conventional and least personal productions of his career. His trucks, sharks, dinosaurs, and aliens are murderous, savage, and barbaric threats to civilized communities that elicit screams but invite little understanding or compassion. All emanate from violent external threats that endanger humanity. Their demise strongly reaffirms the ideological force of the status quo embodied within the makeshift families. We leave the theater reassured that the forces that imperil us have been permanently defeated. After witnessing battles with creatures of darkness on the land, in the sea, and from the air, we return home comforted that humankind possesses the physical, intellectual, and emotional skills to overcome the malevolent and destructive forces let loose upon our world.
Black Indians and Freedmen
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

The African Methodist Episcopal Church is a venerable, Wesleyan religious body that former slaves established in 1816. Although this denomination is historically Black, it has never been racially exclusive. Scholars have largely minimized the AME Church's ethnic diversity and they have specifically ignored its impact within Native communities. This book corrects these unnecessarily narrow views by emphasizing the AME Church's evangelism within diverse Native communities throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries. As a result of this evangelism, the denomination fulfilled the vision of its founder, Richard Allen, who imagined a racially and ethnically inclusive Methodist ecclesia. The outreach of African Methodists to indigenous people started at the denomination's inception and led to the ordination of such indigenous ministers as Thomas Sunrise, who was Oneida, and John Hall, who was Ojibwe. AME ministries to Native people reached their apex in Indian Territory where African Methodists engaged with the Five Civilized Tribes. This book strengthens existing scholarship on Black and Native interactions. This study on the AME Church is the first to comprehensively examine Native peoples' interactions with a historically Black institution.
Richard Allen, John Stewart, and Jarena Lee
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

This chapter shows that the AME Church, during its foundational development in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, identified with Native people and that Native people were receptive to the denomination. The disparate religious activities of Richard Allen, John Stewart, and Jarena Lee established a precedent for Native interactions and these interactions affirmed an ethos of ethnic diversity within African Methodism. Their efforts reveal an aspect of early AME history that scholars have underappreciated. Allen and his contemporaries viewed their denomination as one open not only to Blacks, but to all marginalized people of color. They displayed this intercultural openness by reaching out to Wyandotte, Seneca, and other indigenous communities.
Seeking Their Cousins
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

This chapter shows that by the latter half of the 19th century, indigenous people had progressed from being receptive to the AME Church to becoming credentialed ministers in the denomination. Two indigenous ministers, Thomas Sunrise and John Hall, became ordained clergy in the AME Church. Sunrise, an Oneida from New York, pastored AME churches in New England and Ohio while Hall, an Ojibwe from Michigan, established small but significant missions among Native communities in Michigan and Wisconsin. The ministries of Sunrise and Hall demonstrate that Native people in the North viewed Blacks as fellow sufferers of white hegemony and as valuable allies against it. African Methodism provided them a means to express their strong affinities for Blacks and to fight against racist oppression.
“Blazing Out the Way”
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

This chapter argues that the ministers of the IMC came from a variety of ethnic backgrounds, demonstrating that the AME Church welcomed diversity not only in its membership, but also in its clergy. In this way, the denomination made a reality Richard Allen's vision of a racially and ethnically inclusive Methodist institution. There were three main ethnic groups represented within the IMC's clergy: Black Indian, African American, and white. Despite their differences, IMC ministers still established ties with each other based on mutual hardships, intermarriage, and collective experiences as African Methodists. Some IMC ministers even developed long-standing friendships. It was through their efforts that African Methodism spread throughout Indian Territory in an organized and deliberate fashion.
Conferences, Churches, Schools, and Publications
Authors: Dickerson-Cousin Christina
Published: October 2022

During the 19th and 20th centuries, Creeks, Black Creeks, Black Choctaws, Black Chickasaws, Black Cherokees, and Black Seminoles in Indian Territory became African Methodists. Native leaders like Green McCurtain and Pleasant Porter were unwilling to join the AME Church themselves, but they supported the denomination by donating property and by supporting its land claims. Buoyed by this assistance, African Methodists spent decades creating a firm foundation for the AME Church in Indian Territory. This chapter argues that the AME Church created a lasting infrastructure in Indian Territory by establishing the IMC, building churches and schools, and using AME and non-AME publications to promote the denomination's work.
Prologue
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

The Historian’s Office on the south side of South Temple Street in Salt Lake City, Utah, lacked systemization and resources for much of the nineteenth century. As its Church Historians and Assistant Church Historians attempted to fulfil a divine mandate given to the church’s first prophet, Joseph Smith, to keep a historical record, they were often pulled away by other ecclesiastical responsibilities. In support of the office, Jenson traveled to gather and appraise records in the scattered ecclesiastical units of the church. This first assignment from the Historian’s Office launched a lifetime quest to render the church’s historical record complete and comprehensive while also modernizing its administration to support a globalizing religion.
Assistant Church Historian
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

After many miles traveled in the employ of the Historian’s Office, Jenson felt deserving of a promotion. In 1897, he received an appointment as an Assistant Church Historian, a position first held in 1856. The promotion came with more privileges and standing, but no ecclesiastical authority. As the church modernized, Jenson helped initiate reforms to streamline record books kept by the church’s congregations. The reforms ensured that Jenson received the details to draft localized histories of the church and to produce his own publications. During his early tenure as Assistant Church Historian, he also received a painful lesson in church administration. Institutional priorities sometimes moved against Jenson’s personal ambitions as the church grappled with its global growth and shifting position in American society.
Elder and Emissary
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

As church leaders deemphasized a physical gathering, convert immigration to Utah slowed and church members remained in their home countries. Jenson served as a liaison between church administration in Utah and Scandinavian Latter-day Saints overseas. He also helped spearhead a reinvestment in the Scandinavian Mission, once a crucial stronghold of converts for the church. In addition to fund-raising efforts for a new chapel in Denmark, Jenson accepted a mission in 1902 to complete a revised Danish translation of the Book of Mormon. He served as a representative of the church abroad and as a representative of the Historian’s Office at home. In a critical national moment for the church in Washington, D.C., Jenson gave expert testimony at the Reed Smoot hearings in 1904.
Scandinavian Mission President
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

Over the first decade of the twentieth century, Jenson spent a third of his time away from home on special missions to Denmark. In 1908, the First Presidency sent Jenson on another mission to Denmark, this time to serve as the Danish-Norwegian Mission President. From 1909 to 1912, Jenson supervised missionary work in Denmark and Norway at a time when anti-Mormon campaigns surged across Europe. Public accusations about the continuation of polygamy in Utah stirred salacious rumors and gave opposition to the church new life. To change public perceptions, Jenson traveled the mission giving illustrated lectures on the church and debating antagonistic lecturers in crowded halls. Jenson’s mission presidency revealed the still-evolving nature of the church’s public image a decade into the twentieth century.
Explorer of Latin America
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

The death of President Joseph F. Smith in 1918 brought change to church administration and reconfigured Jenson’s relationship with the First Presidency. Intent on completing his visit to all the ecclesiastical units and missions of the church, Jenson took a special mission in 1921 to be present when missionaries returned to Mexico to re-establish missionary work there. While Jenson was in Mexico, longtime Church Historian Anthon H. Lund passed away in Utah. Having been sidestepped as Lund’s successor, Jenson was forced to confront his own place in the Historian’s Office and his future value to church administration. A personal trip to Latin America in 1923 to investigate the feasibility of missionary work there placed him again at the vanguard of change in the church.
Epilogue
Authors: Neilson Reid L. , Marianno Scott D.
Published: October 2022

In his five decades of work for the Historian’s Office, Jenson sought to foster a “general awakening” in regard to record keeping and Latter-day Saint history. He made sure the church’s historical apparatus matched an expanding vision for church growth. At a time when the church lacked the resources and ability to make a large-scale effort to preserve its global history, Jenson traveled over one million miles to ensure that the memories from the church’s early global outposts were preserved. His legacy reaches beyond his published histories. While documenting the church, he crossed international borders and enlarged the historical memory of Latter-day Saints, shaping their perceptions of the church’s past.
America's Religious Crossroads
Authors: Kissel Stephen T.
Published: October 2022

This book examines the role of religion in shaping the social, cultural, and civic infrastructure of the antebellum Old Northwest. Between 1790 and 1850, waves of Anglo-Americans, African Americans, and European immigrants flooded the territories of the Northwest (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin), creating a mosaic of ethnically and socially diverse antebellum communities. Among these settlers journeyed Protestant ministers, Catholic priests, and entire companies of religious societies who viewed the region as fertile ground for building new outlets of religious unity and fervor. This surge transformed the Northwest into a metaphorical crossroads of religious activity, adding to the region’s already diverse population. Thanks to the simultaneous commencement of the Second Great Awakening, Christianity facilitated many of the region’s earliest advances in literacy, formal education, civic and moral accountability, charitable public outreach, and social reform. Fingerprints of religious influence can be regularly observed in the region’s domestic life, civic involvement, and local townscapes—a dynamic that affected believers and nonbelievers alike. Offering fresh insight into the bonds, networks, and encounters that shaped early Midwestern communities of the nineteenth century, this book highlights a crucial religious influence that accelerated and shaped the region’s early growth and development.
The Religious Crossroads
Authors: Kissel Stephen T.
Published: October 2022

This section lays out the introductory groundwork for the core thesis, arguing that religion provided a critical and often-desired influence that accelerated and shaped the growth of the Old Northwest. After clarifying the geographic scope, the chapter offers a general overview of the region’s antebellum settlement patterns, including the passage of the Northwest Ordinance, logistical challenges to migration and settlement, and the region’s social, ethnic, and racial demographics. Spurred by the fervor of the Second Great Awakening, the chapter demonstrates how religion fluidly entered the region through the retained religious devotion of prospective settlers. Protestant and Catholic laity, evangelizing ministers, and carefully coordinated companies of Quakers, European immigrants, and utopian faiths looked to the Old Northwest as a promising place to nurture and grow their spiritual communities.
The Family Altar
Authors: Kissel Stephen T.
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores the links between domestic hospitality and religious devotion in the frontier settlements of the Old Northwest. While Mormons and Shakers found strength in the shared residence of their exclusive spiritual families, domestic worship allowed Protestants and Catholics to utilize the home as an equally sacred place for religious devotion and fellowship, even before the arrival of a circuit rider preacher. Regularly transcending traditional boundaries of gender, race, and religious affiliation, the neutral setting of the home offered a more ecumenical environment than was generally possible under the rigid doctrines of formal church congregations. Reinforced by the spiritual bonds of shared religious encounters, antebellum homes of the Old Northwest increased in their vitality as centers of community engagement and exchange.
Community Visions of Puerto Rican Schooling, 1950–1966
Authors: Velázquez Mirelsie
Published: October 2022

This chapter discusses the early relationship between Chicago schools and the developing Puerto Rican community, focusing on the initial role of schools as tools of Chicago’s Americanization project to transform the Puerto Rican community into “fellow Americans” in order to facilitate their acceptance by other (im)migrant populations. The evolution of the relationship between the city of Chicago and its Puerto Rican residents is highlighted, with schools and education at the center of the conversation. Education’s role in the community’s life soon prompted debate about who would have a voice in deciding. Aside from language policies and Americanization programs, the city had little else to offer the population. Exacerbating the issue, these policies ignored the city’s rising racial tensions, which exploded in the form of the Division Street uprising of 1966.
“The Machine Tells the Body How to Work”
Authors: Resnikoff Jason
Published: October 2022

The chapter discusses how the Ford Motor Company coined the term “automation” in part to justify a speedup of production. Whereas earlier historians of automation have considered the effect of mechanization on skilled trades, this chapter demonstrates that the main targets of the automation discourse at the time it took shape were semiskilled workers, the backbone of the new and powerful industrial unions to come out of the 1930s. The chapter then shows that workers themselves understood “automation” as a speedup; their experience of “automation” was not of labor saving, but labor intensification.
The Electronic Brain’s Tired Hands
Authors: Resnikoff Jason
Published: October 2022

The chapter considers the second point of origin of the word “automation”—the world of management consulting and digital computing. Managers invested in these machines in the hope that they would replace human clerical labor with a new commodity, “information.” Boosters of “information” premised its value, and the value of the digital computer, on its ability to replace the human body. The introduction of the digital computer to clerical work did not reduce the total number of clerical workers in the United States, the vast majority of whom were women. The chapter considers the vantage point of the workers themselves, who found that despite “automation” their jobs remained all too physical.
Where Have All the Robots Gone?
Authors: Resnikoff Jason
Published: October 2022

In the early 1970s, workers called for the “humanization” of work rather than its abolition. The chapter considers the several causes of the decline of “automation” in the late 1960s and 1970s--labor unrest, economic instability, the rise of the environmentalist movement, and the politics of the counterculture—as background for the 1972 strike at the General Motors assembly plant in Lordstown, Ohio, which was supposedly the most “automated” assembly plant in the world. Although workers faced many of the same conditions as had their forbears on the shop floor, political and economic changes in the nation encouraged the national media to credit their claims that “automation” meant speedup.
Genre Trouble
Authors: Goldin-Perschbacher Shana
Published: October 2022

Chapter 2 explores the history of queer and trans artists’ negotiations with country and related genres from 1927’s “Lavender Cowboy” and the Sweet Violet Boys in 1939 to Chely Wright in 2021. Musical genres come with particular expectations for credible identity performance, as well as for the message and use value of the music. A musician’s choice of genre can prompt interpretations that place the ability to book shows and sell music at stake. Trans and queer musicians often have problems with genre identification. This chapter develops a theory of identity and genre as cogenerative and then delivers an alternate history of country and related music narrating this genre history from the perspective of out queer and trans musicians. Finally, it analyzes three transgender musicians (Namoli Brennet, Lucas Silveira, and Rae Spoon) who transitioned gender and genre simultaneously.
Masks, Sincerity, and (Re)Claiming Country Music
Authors: Goldin-Perschbacher Shana
Published: October 2022

The book closes with chapter 5’s exploration of six queer country groups who have been successful in the latter part of the second decade of the twenty-first century. Three cisgender gay male musicians use drag, masking, and cowboy costuming as strategies for developing queer sincerity in the face of a history of exclusion from the mainstream industry. In 2020 Trixie Mattel’s, Orville Peck’s, and Lil Nas X’s embrace of gay camp humor, fashion, and irony has allowed them to forge a sincerity with their audience, one that is framed through the understanding of postmodern critique of essentialism and its ties to identities and musical categories, and one that follows in the footsteps of the truthfulness of the early pioneer of gay country and activism Patrick Haggerty. The chapter then compares three vulnerable recent songs by lesbian musicians Amythyst Kiah, the Indigo Girls, and the Highwomen that make courageous statements through female camaraderie. The book closes by figuring queer country as an “audiotopia.”
Introduction
Authors: Halliday Aria S.
Published: October 2022

Mapping the rise of Black dolls—from the National Negro Doll Company and UNIA Doll Factory to Sara Lee Dolls—and intellectual debates via the Clark doll studies that spurred Black consumerism in the twentieth century, the Introduction, “The Making of Black Womanhood,” explains Black women’s role in twentieth-century Black consumptive practices. It explores how consumer products like dolls imparted discourses of racial pride, authenticity, and representation to children, furthering which complexions, hairstyles, and bodies were held in high esteem. Black children’s playthings represented the possibilities for uplift as an ideological project, allowing Black women to capitalize on racial pride narratives to shift beliefs about themselves, womanhood, femininity, and blackness through the hands and minds of Black children.
From Bootstraps to Glass Slippers
Authors: Halliday Aria S.
Published: October 2022

Mapping the discursive convergence of Black consumer citizenship as uplift and the American Dream, chapter 3, “From Bootstraps to Glass Slippers: Black Women’s Uplift in Disney’s Princess Canon,” examines how Black women cultural producers used embodied objectification to create Disney/ABC’s Cinderella (1997) and Disney’s The Princess and the Frog (2009), which changed Cinderella’s rags-to-riches with a prince narrative to one where Black women are change agents, creating their own opportunities for success and self-fulfilment. Alongside the rise of multiculturalism as a marker for the harnessing of Black symbolic power to sell Black culture, this chapter argues that Black women cultural producers shaped the imaginative space available for Black girls within popular princess narratives, presenting Black women characters as hyperindustrious and deserving of love.
Democracy's Rebirth
Authors: Simpson Dick , Lightfoot Lori
Published: October 2022

Democracy’s Rebirth analyzes the main challenges to American democracy through the lens of Chicago society, politics, and government. The goal is to analyze our current social and political crises but also to propose changes in public opinion and institutions to improve both direct and representative democracy. The book begins by noting the need to ensure free, fair, and frequent elections and proceeds to consider racial and income inequality, along with systemic institutional racism, as challenges to our democracy. This is followed by considering the problems of money in our political system, the lack of citizen participation, polarization, and resentment. The problems of corruption and structural problems, such as the imbalance in the Senate and the Electoral College, are then considered. The book takes account of current crises, such as institutional racism, the pandemic and resulting economic recession, and the contentious 2020 election. It ends with recommended reforms to establish direct democracy at the most local level and to improve our representative democracy at higher levels of government. It seeks to provide a guide to a rebirth and renewal of our democracy.
Corruption
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

Inequality and money in politics lead to political corruption. The Trump administration had conflicts of interest as proven in the Mueller investigation, the impeachment proceedings, and ongoing investigations. America is the 22nd most corrupt nation out of 180 on Transparency International’s Index. From 1998 to 2017, the U.S. Department of Justice charged 22,075 people with public corruption. Chicago is the most corrupt metropolitan region, and Illinois is the third most corrupt U.S. state because corruption is fostered by machine politics. It costs Illinois taxpayers more than $500 million a year. There is both individual and institutional corruption. While there is no single bullet to cure corruption, fundamental legal, structural, and attitudinal changes are necessary. We must change the culture of corruption.
Structural Problems
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

Structural deficiencies create barriers to the practice of democracy. Many could be easily solved by simple legal changes if we had the political will. In the 2020 election we experimented with new ways of voting and expanded the use of mail-in ballots and early voting to limit the spread of COVID-19. This undoubtedly will change the ways in which we vote in the future. Other structures that need to be changed include the Electoral College, the undemocratic U.S. Senate, gerrymandering, term limits, and voter suppression; we also need to enact automatic voter registration more broadly and restore election integrity. Locally, we must end sham candidates, poor election dates, and unfair judicial elections. All of these structural problems undermine democracy and can be fixed incrementally if there is the political will to do so.
Deliberative Democracy
Authors: Simpson Dick
Published: October 2022

Both experts and the public believe that we have a shallow form of representative democracy. We fail to meet even the standards of polyarchy. Faith in government deteriorated during the Trump era. One improvement would be the institution of neighborhood government. In Chicago in the 1970s, one such experiment was the 44th Ward Assembly, and some Chicago wards are now experimenting with participatory budgeting. The transition team under Mayor Lightfoot was also more participatory than in earlier years. Other alternatives nationally have been New England town-hall meetings, citizen initiatives, making Congress more deliberative, legislative juries, and ending constitutional rot.
A House for the Struggle
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

Newspaper buildings such as the Tribune Tower and Daily News headquarters have long stood as evidence of Chicago’s twin status as a media and architecture capital. But what might we discover if we focus our gaze not on these iconic sites of media power but on the media outlets, and media buildings, that primarily served the city’s African American communities? Moving these sources and spaces from the margins to the center, A House for the Struggle provides a bold new history of Chicago’s Black press through the lens of the built environment. Focusing on two landmark Black press enterprises—the Chicago Defender and Johnson Publishing Company—but drawing on a wide range of publications and media concerns that includes the Associated Negro Press, the Broad Ax, the Chicago Bee, the Chicago Whip, and Muhammad Speaks, this book demonstrates how the buildings of Chicago’s Black press became key sites in the cultural and political geography of Black Chicago. As activist hubs, community centers, art galleries, and tourist hotspots, Black media buildings served as key symbols of racial protest, Black achievement, and community advancement. Concurrently, the relationship between editorial and spatial politics—between Black media buildings and the publications they housed—helped to write new geographies of Black urban life into existence.
A Card Table and a Kitchen Chair
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter uses the 1893 World’s Fair as an entry point into the history of the Black press in Chicago. While early Black publications were based out of more central locations, by the early twentieth century they were largely contained within emerging Black enclaves on the South Side. The spatial and editorial challenges facing fledgling Black publishing enterprises are well documented through the Chicago Defender, with publisher Robert Abbott basing the newspaper out of the home of landlady Henrietta Lee. As its circulation expanded, the Defender’s growing visibility on the streets of Black Chicago was mirrored by its expansion throughout Lee’s home at 3159 State Street. The chapter ends with a discussion of the 1919 riots and their impact on Chicago’s Black press and its buildings.
A Meeting Place for All the People
Authors: West E. James
Published: October 2022

This chapter explores how, following their respective moves to South Michigan Avenue, the offices of the Chicago Defender and Johnson Publishing Company became key sites in the urban geography of Black America. As community centers, art galleries, meeting spaces, and tourist hotspots, these buildings welcomed all manner of people, ranging from local schoolchildren to African heads of state. In doing so, they expanded the goal of Defender founder Robert Abbott for his publication’s offices to become “the meeting place of all the people.”
A Study on the Change of Menu Lists with the Effect of Pandemic in the Gastronomy Sector: Istanbul Province Fine-Dining Restaurant Examples
Authors: Yılmaz Gül , Akman Sinem
Published: October 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic, which is one of the most influential events of today, has a great impact on the gastronomy sector as well as making its impact felt in many sectors. Despite the current pandemic conditions, human being as a social being needs to eat out for physiological, psychological, economic and social reasons. In order to meet this need, individuals of all ages and demographics who are active, retired, not working, family with children or living alone, especially on weekends, become customers of eating and drinking places suitable for their budget. At this point, chefs of eating and drinking places, which is described as fine-dining in Istanbul, which has many alternative restaurants, feel the need to include healthier and immune-boosting foods and beverages on their menu lists. Fine-dining restaurants are a type of restaurant where the ambiance of the place is extremely important, where there are creative, world cuisine-influenced, mostly small portions of tasting menus, mostly made using seasonal and local products. Fine-dining restaurants in Istanbul comprise the main subject of the study. In this study, pre-pandemic and post-pandemic menus of fine-dining restaurants in Istanbul were examined to reveal the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish gastronomy sector. In addition, the effects of the pandemic on the food and beverage sector and the changes made in the menu lists were determined. The content of the study is based on the semi-structured interview technique. The obtained data were evaluated with content analysis and the findings were interpreted.
Anti-inflammatory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester supplementation on TNF-α and NF-κB expressions throughout experimental tooth movement in vivo
Authors: Salikha Kirana , Narmada Ida Bagus , Alida Alida , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Sari Annisa Fitria , Riawan Wibi , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleena Binti Tengku Ahmad
Published: October 2022

Context: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) changes the periodontal tissue and increases the incidence of root resorption (OIRR). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory chemical generated from honey propolis, might be useful in controlling inflammation during OTM and so reducing the risk of OIRR. Aims: To evaluate if CAPE supplementation has an anti-inflammatory impact on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) during experimental OTM in male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus). Methods: Forty-eight healthy male Wistar rats were divided into positive control group (OTM 10 g/mm2 force application) and experimental group (OTM application and CAPE administration). Each groups were observed for 3, 7, 14 days. A nickel-titanium closed coil spring that was 8.0 mm long, thick was inserted between the upper left first molar and upper central incisor in order to move the molar mesially. A 20 mg/kg body weight dose of CAPE was taken orally. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB was examined on the compression side of the OTM. Both the Tukey's honest significant difference test and the one-way analysis of variance test were applied (p<0.05). Results: TNF-α and NF-κB expression in the compression side differed considerably across groups (p<0.05). Daily administration of CAPE significantly downregulates TNF-α and NF-κB expression on the compression side. Conclusions: Administration of CAPE throughout OTM can successfully reduce the number of TNF-α and NF-κB expressions in the compression side in vivo.
LES ANTICORPS MONOCLONAUX ANTI-SARS-COV-2 ET LE ROLE ESSENTIEL DES MEDECINS GENERALISTES DANS CETTE NOUVELLE APPROCHE THERAPEUTIQUE
Authors: OTSMANE B , DOSSET G , LEBEAU J-P , WATIER H
Published: October 2022

Depuis l’émergence du Sars-CoV-2, le monde scientifique s’est mobilisé dans un effort sans précédent pour développer de nouveaux traitements spécifiques de la Covid-19. Après le développement des vaccins prophylactiques, des anticorps monoclonaux recombinants ont été mis au point dans des délais extrêmement courts pour le traitement curatif des formes précoces de la maladie. Le bamlanivimab, suivi des cocktails bamlanivimab-étésévimab et casirivimab-imdévimab viennent de se voir octroyer par l’Agence nationale de sécurité du médicament et des produits de santé (ANSM) une autorisation temporaire d’utilisation (ATU) de cohorte pour le traitement des formes symptomatiques légères à modérées de Covid-19 chez les patients à risque élevé d’évolution vers une forme grave. Leur fonction de neutraliser le Sars-CoV-2 en se liant à la protéine Spike a permis de réduire la charge virale et le risque d’hospitalisation dans des essais préliminaires. Les médecins généralistes (MG) devront se saisir de cette opportunité en organisant le dépistage et la prise en charge des patients éligibles à ces traitements. Ceci nécessite une meilleure connaissance de ces thérapies innovantes et le développement d’un effort collaboratif avec les autres spécialités médicales.