bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Study Effortless-Action’
Authors: Keyworth George A.
Published: December 2017

Today there is a distinction in Japanese Zen Buddhist monasticism between prayer temples and training centers. Zen training is typically thought to encompass either meditation training or public-case introspection, or both. Yet first-hand accounts exist from the Edo period (1603–1868) which suggest that the study of Buddhist (e.g., public case records, discourse records, sūtra literature, prayer manuals) and Chinese (poetry, philosophy, history) literature may have been equally if not more important topics for rigorous study. How much more so the case with the cultivation of the literary arts by Zen monastics? This paper first investigates the case of a network of eminent seventeenth- and eighteenth-century scholar-monks from all three modern traditions of Japanese Zen—Sōtō, Rinzai, and Ōbaku—who extolled the commentary Kakumon Kantetsu 廓門貫徹 (d. 1730) wrote to every single piece of poetry or prose in Juefan Huihong’s 覺範恵洪 (1071–1128) collected works, Chan of Words and Letters from Stone Gate Monastery (Ch. Shimen wenzichan; Jp. Sekimon mojizen). Next, it explores what the wooden engravings of Study Effortless-Action and Efficacious Vulture at Daiōji, the temple where Kantetsu was the thirteenth abbot and where he welcomed the Chinese émigré Buddhist monk Xinyue Xingchou (Shin’etsu Kōchū 心越興儔, alt. Donggao Xinyue, Tōkō Shin’etsu 東皐心越, 1639–1696), might disclose about how Zen was cultivated in practice? Finally, this paper asks how Kantetsu’s promotion of Huihong’s “scholastic” or “lettered” Chan or Zen might lead us rethink the role of Song dynasty (960–1279) literary arts within the rich historical context of Zen Buddhism in Edo Japan?
The ECOWAS Court of Justice as an Investment Tribunal
Authors: Happold Matthew , Radović Relja
Published: December 2017

This article considers the extent to which foreign investors in Member States of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) might be able to use the ECOWAS Court of Justice to protect their investments against actions of their host States. It does so taking into account the ECOWAS Supplementary Act on Investments and the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice on, in particular, the extent of its substantive jurisdiction. Although it is not suggested that the Court of Justice would be better forum than an international arbitral tribunal, it is argued that it has considerable advantages over national courts.
A latent class analysis of psychotic symptoms in the general population
Authors: Pignon Baptiste , Peyre Hugo , Szöke Andrei , Geoffroy Pierre A , Rolland Benjamin , Jardri Renaud , Thomas Pierre , Vaiva Guillaume , Roelandt Jean-Luc , Benradia Imane , Behal Hélène , Schürhoff Franck , Amad Ali
Published: December 2017

Objective:

Individuals with psychotic symptoms may actually correspond to various subgroups, characterized by different patterns of psychotic symptoms as well as specific sociodemographic and clinical correlates. We aimed to identify groups of individuals from the general population with specific patterns of psychotic symptoms.

Methods:

In a 38,694-subject survey, a latent class analysis was performed to identify subgroups based on the distribution of seven psychotic symptoms taken from the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The different classes were subsequently compared according to sociodemographic and clinical correlates.

Results:

The best fit was obtained with a four-class solution, including the following: (1) a class with a low prevalence of all psychotic symptoms (‘LOW’, 85.9%); (2) a class with a high prevalence of all psychotic symptoms (‘HAL + DEL’, 1.7%); and classes with a high prevalence of (3) hallucinations (‘HAL’, 4.5%) or (4) delusions (‘DEL’, 7.9%). The HAL + DEL class displayed higher rates of history of trauma, social deprivation and migrant status, while the HAL and DEL classes displayed intermediate rates between HAL + DEL and LOW. HAL + DEL displayed the highest rates of psychotic and non-psychotic disorders and the use of mental health treatment, while HAL and DEL displayed intermediate rates of these disorders between HAL + DEL and LOW. In comparison to the HAL class, psychotic and substance use disorders were more frequent in the DEL class, while anxiety and mood disorders were less frequent.

Conclusion:

These findings support the hypothesis of a continuum model relating the level of psychotic symptoms to the level of global psychopathology.
Attentional Focus and Grip Width Influences on Bench Press Resistance Training
Authors: Calatayud Joaquin , Vinstrup Jonas , Jakobsen Markus D. , Sundstrup Emil , Carlos Colado Juan , Andersen Lars L.
Published: December 2017

This study evaluated the influence of different attentional foci for varied grip widths in the bench press. Eighteen resistance-trained men were familiarized with the procedure and performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) test during Session 1. In Session 2, they used three different standardized grip widths (100%, 150%, and 200% of biacromial width distance) in random order at 50% of 1RM while also engaged in three different attention focus conditions (external focus on the bench press, internal focus on pectoralis major muscles, and internal focus on triceps brachii muscles). Surface electromyography (EMG) signals were recorded from the triceps brachii and pectoralis major, and peak EMG of the filtered signals were normalized to maximum EMG of each muscle. Both grip width and focus influenced the muscle activity level, but there were no significant interactions between these variables. Exploratory analyses suggested that an internal focus may slightly (4%–6%) increase pectoralis major activity at wider grip widths and triceps brachii activity at narrower grip widths, but this should be confirmed or rejected in a study with a larger sample size or through a meta-analysis of research to date.
Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Complex Chronic Conditions
Authors: Amin Reshma , Holler Theresa , Narang Indra , Cushing Sharon L. , Propst Evan J. , Al‐Saleh Suhail
Published: December 2017

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of persistent obstructive sleep apnea postadenotonsillectomy in children with complex chronic conditions.

Study Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

The Hospital for Sick Children Sleep laboratory.

Subjects

Children ≤18 years of age who had moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea and had polysomnography pre‐ and postadenotonsillectomy.

Methods

Medical and polysomnographic data were reviewed. The prevalence of persistent obstructive sleep apnea postadenotonsillectomy was determined for the following groups: no complex chronic conditions, single‐system complex chronic conditions, and multisystem complex chronic conditions.

Results

We reviewed data of 133 (84 male) children. Their mean (standard deviation) age was 5.5 (3.8) years. The persistent obstructive sleep apnea rate postadenotonsillectomy was highest in children with multisystem complex chronic conditions (57%), intermediate in children with single‐system complex chronic conditions (29%), and lowest in children without complex chronic conditions (15%), P =. 0004. The odds (confidence interval) of having persistent obstructive sleep apnea postadenotonsillectomy was 7.42 (2.16‐25.51) times higher in children with multisystem complex chronic conditions vs no complex chronic conditions and 3.35 (1.16‐9.64) times higher in children with multisystem complex chronic conditions vs single‐system complex chronic conditions.

Conclusions

Although adenotonsillectomy is considered first‐line therapy in healthy children older than 2 years for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea, there is a significantly greater risk of persistent obstructive sleep apnea postadenotonsillectomy in children with complex chronic conditions. Therefore, other surgical procedures or nonsurgical management may need to be considered as first‐line treatment for this cohort.
Size distribution analysis of wear particles in the transmission system of mining equipment
Authors: Kumar Ashwani , Ghosh Subrata K
Published: December 2017

In this work, size and shape characteristics of wear debris particles present in the transmission system of heavy earth moving machines have been analysed. Four oil samples were collected from the dumper transmission system for wear debris analysis. Ferrogram maker has been used to seperate the wear particles present in oil samples and to capture the image of particles. The statistical results confirm that the Weibull probability distribution function has more potential to fit the wear particle size distribution accurately than the Rayleigh model in case of heavy earth moving machines. Results show the initiation of abnormal wears and suggested that condition-based maintenance is necessary.
Unimolecular dissociation of anions derived from succinic acid (H2Su) in the gas phase: HSu− and ClMgSu−. Relationship to CO2 fixation
Authors: Jestilä Joakim S , Uggerud Einar
Published: December 2017

Electrospray ionization of mixtures of succinic acid (here denoted H2Su) and magnesium chloride in water/methanol give rise to ions of the type ESu− (E = H or ClMg). The unimolecular dissociation of these ions was studied by collisionally induced dissociation mass spectrometry and interpreted by quantum chemical calculations (density functional theory and the composite Gaussian-4 method) of relevant parts of the potential energy surfaces. The major dissociation pathways from HSu− were seen to be dehydration and decarboxylation, while ClMgSu− mainly undergoes decarboxylation. The latter reaction proceeds without barrier for the reverse reaction; addition of CO2 to a Grignard type structure ClMg(CH2CH2CO2)–. In contrast, addition of CO2 to the analogous H(CH2CH2CO2)– ion has a substantial barrier. Dehydration of HSu− gives rise to deprotonated succinic anhydride via a transition state for the key intramolecular proton transfer having an entropically favorable seven-member ring structure. The succinate systems studied here are compared to the previously reported analogous maleate systems, providing further insight to the structure–reactivity relationship.
Naloxone dosage for opioid reversal: current evidence and clinical implications
Authors: Rzasa Lynn Rachael , Galinkin JL
Published: December 2017

Opioid-related mortality is a growing problem in the United States, and in 2015 there were over 33,000 opioid-related deaths. To combat this mortality trend, naloxone is increasingly being utilized in a pre-hospital setting by emergency personnel and prescribed to laypersons for out-of-hospital administration. With increased utilization of naloxone there has been a subsequent reduction in mortality following an opioid overdose. Reversal of opioid toxicity may precipitate an opioid-withdrawal syndrome. At the same time, there is a risk of inadequate response or re-narcotization after the administration of a single dose of naloxone in patients who have taken large doses or long-acting opioid formulations, as the duration of effect of naloxone is shorter than that of many opioid agonists. As out-of-hospital use of this medication is growing, so too is concern about effective but safe dosing.
The use of Ankara Clay as a compacted clay liner for landfill sites
Authors: Akgün H. , Türkmenoğlu A.G. , Met İ. , Yal G.P. , Koçkar M.K.
Published: December 2017

Because of the current need for new landfill sites in Ankara, the suitability of Ankara Clay as a liner material for landfill sites was investigated. A mineralogical and geotechnical database was created by compiling the results of previous tests by the present authors as well as those of tests performed in the present study. The mineralogical properties of the samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and methylene blue adsorption. The cation exchange capacities (CEC) of the samples vary from 12 to 35 meq/100 g soil and the dominant clay minerals are illite, smectite and kaolinite. The geotechnical properties of the Ankara Clay samples that were assessed included specific gravity, the Atterberg limits (plastic limit, liquid limit, plasticity index), particle-size distribution, compaction properties (i.e.maximum dry density and optimum water content) and hydraulic conductivity. Because the hydraulic conductivity of the samples was lower than the acceptable limit of 1 × 10−9 m/s, it follows that, from a geotechnical perspective, Ankara Clay is a suitable material for use as a compacted clay landfill liner. The relationships between the mineralogical and geotechnical parameters that were investigated by regression analysis indicated that the hydraulic conductivity of the compacted soil samples decreased with increasing plasticity index, clay content, CEC, smectite content, smectite to illite ratio and decreasing illite content. According to the specifications for field construction of compacted clay liners, Ankara Clay is suitable for compaction in the field.
Structure-function analysis of ferroportin defines the binding site and an alternative mechanism of action of hepcidin
Authors: Aschemeyer Sharraya , Qiao Bo , Stefanova Deborah , Valore Erika V. , Sek Albert C. , Ruwe T. Alex , Vieth Kyle R. , Jung Grace , Casu Carla , Rivella Stefano , Jormakka Mika , Mackenzie Bryan , Ganz Tomas , Nemeth Elizabeta
Published: December 2017

Key Points

Analysis of mutations causing nonclassical FD defined the hepcidin-binding site in the central cavity of Fpn. Hepcidin inhibits iron export through Fpn not only by causing Fpn endocytosis, but also by occluding the transporter.
Functional classification of gill ionocytes and spatiotemporal changes in their distribution after transfer from seawater to fresh water in Japanese seabass
Authors: Inokuchi Mayu , Nakamura Masahiro , Miyanishi Hiroshi , Hiroi Junya , Kaneko Toyoji
Published: December 2017

Spatiotemporal changes in branchial ionocyte distribution were investigated following transfer from seawater (SW) to fresh water (FW) in Japanese seabass. The mRNA expression levels of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1a (NKCC1a) in the gills rapidly decreased after transfer to FW, whereas Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) and Na+/Cl− cotransporter 2 (NCC2) expressions were upregulated following the transfer. By quadruple-color whole-mount immunofluorescence staining with anti-Na+/K+-ATPase, anti-NHE3, anti-CFTR and T4 (anti-NKCC1a/NCC2) antibodies, we classified ionocytes into one SW-type and two FW-types; NHE3 cell and NCC2 cell. Time-course observation after transfer revealed an intermediate type between SW-type and FW-type NHE3 ionocytes, suggesting functional plasticity of ionocytes. Finally, on the basis of the ionocyte classification of Japanese seabass, we observed the location of ionocyte subtypes on frozen sections of the gill filaments stained by triple-color immunofluorescence staining. Our observation indicated that SW-type ionocytes transformed into FW-type NHE3 ionocytes and at the same time shifted their distribution from filaments to lamellae. On the other hand, FW-specific NCC2 ionocytes appeared mainly in the filaments. Taken together, these findings indicated that ionocytes originated from undifferentiated cells in the filaments and expanded their distribution to the lamellae during FW acclimation.
Bystander intervention from the victims’ perspective: experiences, impacts and justice needs of street harassment victims
Authors: Fileborn Bianca
Published: December 2017

This article examines street harassment victims’ experiences of bystander intervention in incidents of harassment. Drawing on the findings of a mixed-methods pilot study undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, it considers what forms these interventions took and the impact(s) they had on the harassment. It examines the impact(s) that bystander intervention had on participants. Findings suggest that bystander intervention is not common in incidents of street harassment. When it does occur, its impact is highly variable. Yet, bystander intervention is also central in informing victims’ perceptions of safety, harm and justice. These findings present some important implications and complexities for bystander research and education and these are considered in closing.
An exploratory study on the beliefs about gender-based violence held by incoming undergraduates in England
Authors: Fenton Rachel , Jones Cassandra
Published: December 2017

A growing body of research indicates that gender-based violence is a public health problem for UK universities. To date, there is a paucity of knowledge about beliefs regarding gender-based violence among UK university students and how receptive they are to help change university culture by participating in prevention programmes. This article uses findings from the first cross-sectional study in England that measured beliefs, including rape and domestic violence and abuse (DVA) myth acceptance, and readiness for change. A survey was given to 381 incoming undergraduate students attending a university in the South West of England. The findings suggest that men endorse rape and DVA myths more than women. Rape myths were associated with DVA myths and further analyses indicated that the subscales He didn’t mean to and It wasn’t really rape predicted DVA myths. Denial of the problem of sexual violence and DVA was predicted by myth endorsement but assuming responsibility for change was not. These findings provide insight into the particular myths held by incoming undergraduates and how they operate together to scaffold gender-based violence in university settings. Rape and DVA myths need to be targeted in the development of effective prevention programmes in English Universities.
Listen to me: a reflection on practice in qualitative interviewing
Authors: Abrahams Hilary
Published: December 2017

Too often, the skill of really listening to another person’s story does not receive the consideration and training it deserves. Yet skilled and sensitive listening in a research context can not only produce a wealth of information and in depth knowledge, but also enrich both the researcher and the person they are talking with. This paper discusses the barriers to communication faced by those who experience gender based violence, the essential elements in building trust and encouraging informants and the challenges and rewards of actively listening to those whom we encounter in qualitative research.
Chiapas y los cambios espaciales de la migración a Estados Unidos en la vuelta de siglo
Authors: Castillo Guillermo , González Jorge
Published: December 2017

En el marco de los cambios de la migración México Estados Unidos (EU) debido a las reformas económicas estructurales –el libre mercado, la desregulación y el adelgazamiento del estado, así como el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN)-  y en el contexto del cambio de siglo (1990-2007), este artículo muestra cómo cambiaron y se dispersaron espacialmente los lugares de origen de los flujos migratorios mexicanos al país vecino del norte, pasando de estar concentrados en un conjunto de entidades federativas –en el centro occidente del país- a redistribuirse/expandirse a todo México, especialmente a un grupo emergente de estados –en el sureste del país-; en particular y como reflejo de esta tendencia, se analiza en detalle el cambio de flujos migratorios en Chiapas. Con base en diversas fuentes gubernamentales y de varios documentos de centros de investigación -censos, informes, estadísticas e índices-, este trabajo describe, a través de un análisis doble –a nivel de lo acontecido en el país y en una entidad federativa en específico-, una nueva geografía de la migración a inicios del presente siglo, con especial énfasis en Chiapas. Este artículo argumenta que estos cambios en esta migración –y para este periodo específico- están relacionados, no sólo con la demanda de trabajadores y la incorporación de mano de obra en el país de destino en diversos nichos laborales, sino también y fuertemente con la acentuación de una serie de procesos de reestructuración político-económica y de crisis en el país de origen.
Giuseppe Campos Venuti en el urbanismo italiano del siglo XX y los desafíos “de austeridad” para el futuro
Authors: Camerin Federico
Published: December 2017

El tema que aborda este trabajo es la evolución de las nociones y conceptos de una figura clave del urbanismo italiano en el período posterior a la segunda guerra mundial, Giuseppe Campos Venuti. El objetivo es poner en evidencia las ideas y convicciones del urbanista italiano, su herencia y un pensamiento que se refleja en el análisis y la evolución de los contenidos del plan general de ordenación urbana italiano y cómo evoluciona el desarrollo urbano y territorial en el país.Se analiza el pensamiento de Campos Venuti a partir de los años sesenta del siglo XX y la modalidad de estudiar el urbanismo, enfocando la atención en el papel que el régimen inmobiliario capitalista tuvo en la actuación del plan del urbanismo “tradicional” y el contraste con el modelo que Campos Venuti propuso para ofrecer una alternativa urbanística a la práctica tradicional, es decir la auspiciada política de “austeridad” que conlleva las llamadas cinco “salvaguardias”. En los años noventa Federico Oliva se enlaza a las ideas de Campos Venuti, otorgando continuidad y evolución a la manera de estudiar el urbanismo: eso llevó a desdoblar del plan del urbanismo italiano en dos instrumentos: el plan estructural y el plan operativo.En síntesis, el pensamiento de Campos Venuti es fundamental para entender la situación actual del urbanismo y, en general, de la sociedad italiana: la relevancia y coherencia de sus aportaciones intelectuales todavía hoy son válidas en el contexto de crisis que actualmente sacude al sistema capitalista de los países europeos.
Das Theater des Anderen
Authors: Englhart Andreas
Published: December 2017

Die Hölle, das sind die Anderen. Aber nicht nur: Der Andere ist Basis des Dialogs und Konflikts, der Bilder, Imaginationen und Geschichte(n). Er fundiert das Theatrale und Dramatische ebenso wie traditionelle oder avantgardistische Mediendramaturgien. Von der Spätaufklärung bis heute verfolgt Andreas Englhart die Entwicklung des Anderen, ihre Gestaltungen von Kant bis Kotzebue, von Goethe bis zu Darwin, von Schiller bis zur (Neo-)Avantgarde, von Nestroy über Brecht bis zum postdramatischen Theater. Sie grundieren das gegenwärtig weite dramaturgische Feld zwischen Jelinek und Stone, Parizek und Rau, Ostermeier und Stemann - eine postironische Ästhetik zwischen Drama und Performance, zwischen Konflikt- und Überschreitungsdramaturgie.
Modeling and reliability analysis of three phase z-source AC-AC converter
Authors: Prasad Hanuman , Maity Tanmoy
Published: December 2017

This paper presents the small signal modeling using the state space averaging technique and reliability analysis of a three-phase z-source ac-ac converter. By controlling the shoot-through duty ratio, it can operate in buck-boost mode and maintain desired output voltage during voltage sag and surge condition. It has faster dynamic response and higher efficiency as compared to the traditional voltage regulator. Small signal analysis derives different control transfer functions and this leads to design a suitable controller for a closed loop system during supply voltage variation. The closed loop system of the converter with a PID controller eliminates the transients in output voltage and provides steady state regulated output. The proposed model designed in the RT-LAB and executed in a field programming gate array (FPGA)-based real-time digital simulator at a fixedtime step of 10 μs and a constant switching frequency of 10 kHz. The simulator was developed using very high speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL), making it versatile and moveable. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation results are presented to justify the MATLAB simulation results during supply voltage variation of the three phase z-source ac-ac converter. The reliability analysis has been applied to the converter to find out the failure rate of its different components.
Improvement of Energy Efficiency and Environmental Safety of Thermal Energy Through the Implementation of Contact Energy Exchange Processes
Authors: Varlamov Gennadii Borysovich , Romanova Kateryna Alexandrovna , Nazarova Iryna , Daschenko Olga , Kapustiansky Andry
Published: December 2017

Energy efficiency improvement and ecological safety of heat power plants are urgent problems, which require scientifically grounded approaches and solutions. These problems can be solved partly within the presented heat-and-power cycles by including contact energy exchange equipment in the circuits of existing installations. A significant positive effect is obtained in the contact energy exchange installations, such as gas-steam installation ‘Aquarius’ and the contact hydrogen heat generator that also can use hydrogen as a fuel. In these plants, the efficiency increases approximately by 10-12% in comparison with traditional installations, and the concentration of toxic substances, such as nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide in flue gas can be reduced to 30 mg/m3 and to 5 mg/m3, respectively. Moreover, the plants additionally ‘generate’ the clean water, which can be used for technical purposes.
Shame and Honor: Aristotle’s Thumos as a Basic Desire
Authors: Saenz Victor
Published: December 2017

One of three basic types of desire, claims Aristotle, isthumos(‘spirit,’ ‘passion,’ ‘heart,’ ‘anger,’ ‘impulse’). The other two areepithumia(‘appetite’) andboulêsis(‘wish,’ ‘rational desire’). Yet, he never gives us an account ofthumos; it has also received relatively little scholarly attention. I argue thatthumoshas two key features. First, it is able to cognize what I call ‘social value,’ the agent’s own perceived standing relative to others in a certain domain. In human animals, shame and honor are especially important manifestations of social value. Second,thumosprovides non-rational motivation to pursue what affirms the agent’s social value and avoid what denies it. Interpretations that holdthumosjust is anger, or that its object is the fine (kalon), I argue, are mistaken. My account also explains the role ofthumosin moral education. In a virtuous agentthumoswill be affectively attuned to the correct social rankings; it will take the practically wise, the lovers of the fine, or moral exemplars, as authorities.
A Nitsche Finite Element Approach for Elliptic Problems with Discontinuous Dirichlet Boundary Conditions
Authors: Baumann Ramona , Wihler Thomas P.
Published: December 2017

We present a numerical approximation method for linear elliptic diffusion-reaction problems with possibly discontinuous Dirichlet boundary conditions. The solution of such problems can be represented as a linear combination of explicitly known singular functions as well as of an

H
2

{H^{2}}

-regular part. The latter part is expressed in terms of an elliptic problem with regularized Dirichlet boundary conditions, and can be approximated by means of a Nitsche finite element approach. The discrete solution of the original problem is then defined by adding back the singular part of the exact solution to the Nitsche approximation. In this way, the discrete solution can be shown to converge of second order in the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norm with respect to the mesh size.
The effects of Curcuma longa and curcumin on reproductive systems
Authors: Mohebbati R. , Anaeigoudari A. , Khazdair M.R.
Published: December 2017

Objective. Curcuma longa (C. longa) was used in some countries such as China and India for various medicinal purposes. Curcumin, the active component of C. longa, is commonly used as a coloring agent in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. C. longa and curcumin have been known to act as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagen, and anti-carcinogenic agents. Th e attempt of the present review was to give an effort on a detailed literature survey concentrated on the protective effects of C. longa and curcumin on the reproductive organs activity. Methods. The databases such as, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Iran- Medex, were considered. The search terms were “testis” or “ovary” and “Curcuma longa”, “curcumin”, “antioxidant effect”, “anti-inflammatory effect” and “anti-cancer effect”. Results. C. longa and curcumin inhibited the production of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and increased the caspases (3, 8 and 9) activities in HL-60 prostate cancer. Furthermore, C. longa and curcumin suppressed the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of the transcription 3 (STAT) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in ovarian cancer cell line. Conclusion. C. longa and curcumin might decrease the risk of cancer and other malignant diseases in the reproductive system. C. longa and curcumin have a protective effect on the reproductive organs activity such as, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects in normal cells but showed pro-apoptotic effects in the malignant cells. Therefore, different effects of C. longa and curcumin are dependent on the doses and the type of cells used in various models studied.
Optimising resourcing skills to develop phraseological competence in legal translation: tasks and approaches
Authors: Huertas Barros Elsa , Buendía Castro Míriam
Published: December 2017

Based on a previous case study on common translation errors made by trainee translators when dealing with phraseological units in legal translation (Huertas Barros and Buendía Castro 2018, Analysing phraseological units in legal translation: Evaluation of translation errors for the English-Spanish language pair. In S. Gozdz Roszkowski & G. Pontrandolfo (eds.), Phraseology in legal and institutional settings: A corpus-based interdisciplinary perspective (Law, Language and Communication). London & New York: Routledge), this paper proposes some activities and approaches to minimise these errors and hence enhance students’ phraseological competence in this field. To this end, the authors first provide a description of the most representative legal resources available for translators, particularly for the English-Spanish language pair. This is followed by a review of approaches that could develop students’ legal translation competence, particularly phraseological competence. For each type of error identified in the previous case study, the authors propose a set of research-based activities which could prevent such errors by maximising the use of legal resources. The emphasis is put on preliminary documentary research and effective use of corpora prior to the translation task. The authors propose an integrated approach combining task-based approaches with approaches based on critical discourse analysis, problem-solving and decision-making. While these tasks have been designed for a semi-specialised legal text pertaining to a subdomain of family law (i.e. adoption), they can be easily applied to any other subdomains of legal translation.
On the determination of differential pencils with nonlocal conditions
Authors: Yang Chuan-Fu , Yurko Vjacheslav
Published: December 2017

Inverse problems for differential pencils with nonlocal conditions are considered.
Uniqueness theorems of inverse problems from the Weyl-type function and spectra
are proved, which are generalizations of the well-known Weyl function and Borg’s inverse
problem for the classical Sturm–Liouville operators.
The Normativity of Prudence
Authors: Kohl Markus
Published: December 2017

Kant’s account of “precepts of prudence” raises a striking interpretive puzzle. On the one hand, he presents such precepts as normative-practical rules; on the other hand, he relegates them to theoretical philosophy. I argue that to render these two strands coherent, we must assume that our empirical nature is a “source of normativity” for us: prudence is normative for us just because we have an “unconditional” empirical desire for obtaining happiness, a maximum of pleasant sensations. Since rules of prudence cognize the means for causing a state of affairs that we desire and value insofar as we are receptive natural beings, these rules do not presuppose the active self-legislation of practical reason. Hence they belong to the theoretical cognition of nature.
The Analytic Proposition Underlying Kantian Hypothetical Imperatives
Authors: Newton Alexandra
Published: December 2017

Kant maintains that it is easy to see how hypothetical imperatives are possible, because the following proposition is analytic: “Whoever wills the end also wills (in so far as reason has decisive influence on his actions) the indispensably necessary means to it that is within his control” (GMS, AA 04: 417). I distinguish three readings of the analytic proposition, which correspond to three ways of understanding how it reveals hypothetical imperatives to be possible. The first reads it as a theoretical proposition about constitutive features of an ideal agent. I argue that this fails to do justice to the first-personal character of the analytic proposition, as a proposition about the general practical concept ‘I will’ (or more generally, ‘I intend’). The second reading extracts actual imperatives from the concept of ‘willing an end’ by means of analysis. Against this, I argue that the derivation of an imperative from an act of willing an end is an act of synthesis, and that analysis of the concept of ‘my willing an end’ merely yields the
Service Quality Satisfaction: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Public and Private University Librarians in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Shamshad
Published: December 2017

The purpose of this paper is to identify service quality differences among librarians working in the public and private sector university libraries of Pakistan. An adapted instrument based on the SERVQUAL model, comprised of 30 items and divided into four dimensions, (a) responsiveness; (b) reliability; (c) assurance; and (d) empathy, was used to measure the service quality of librarians. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect data from the users of public and private university libraries, with the Mann-Whitney
The co-variation of phonology with morphology and syntax: A hopeful history
Authors: Plank Frans
Published: December 2017

Throughout its history, the hope has always been cherished that typology is holistic, and holism entails that there is systematic co-variation not only within levels or modules of grammar but also between them. Accordingly, numerous claims have been made that phonology does not vary across languages independently of morphology and syntax, and vice versa. The variables that are allegedly interrelated pertain to segment inventories, the shapes of syllables, morphemes, and words, phonological or morphonological rules, tones and accents, and rhythmic or prosodic patterns on the one hand and to analytic or (poly-)synthetic grammar, Separatist or cumulative morphological exponence, the complexity of grammatical units, and their linear order on the other. These claims are cataloguedin thispaper. To substantiate them and to accommodate those that are found valid in theories of the Interface between phonology, morphology, and syntax remain äs tasks for the future.
Changing the philosophy of organization management in the times of e-economy
Authors: Bieńkowska Jolanta , Sikorski Czesław
Published: December 2017

The paper highlights the fundamental changes in the way of thinking in science and the management practice caused by the transition from the era of industrial civilization to the information civilization. These include the change in the subject of management, i.e. the transition from the management of the organization to the management of joint projects; from the requirement of flexibility from own resources to the ability to use external resources and the departure from the methodological rationality of a decision to the material rationality.

The change of management philosophy is particularly evident in the electronic market which sets a new and interesting research area, due to its cognitive appeal resulting from different conditions in comparison to the traditional market, and due to the high dynamics of development.

The article is theoretical and its purpose is cognitive. Its subject is a fragment of the author’s concept of the evolution of management in the organizational space. It presents the synthesis of observations on the transformations of the essence of management. To undertake such a research task is motivated by the argument that one of the tasks of management science is to visualize the changes that take place within it, in order to induce the revision of anchored old cognitive patterns inadequate to reality and replace them with new, described by an appropriate conceptual apparatus.
Performing the Self in the Mainstream
Authors: Dmitrow-Devold Karolina
Published: December 2017

Blogging has become an integral part of girls’ media culture in Norway. This article investigates how teenage girls in the mainstream blogging community perform selves in their blogs over time. While studies of girls’ self-presentations online abound, most draw solely on analyses of online artefacts and lack a temporal perspective. To address these gaps, this investigation has employed a longitudinal design combining in-depth interviews with ethnographic content analyses of blogs, and has analysed girls’ online-based performances of self as integral to their offline experiences framed by the wider cultural context and gendered discourses. This approach is fruitful because it acknowledges girls’ changing experiences across time and contexts, thus making possible a contribution to the theorization of identity as performed across the online and the offline settings and interactions in an ongoing process.
Analysis of Individual Aspects Influencing Non-purchasing in an Online Environment and Consumer Willingness to Purchase Custom-Made Apparel
Authors: Žuraj Milica , Šparl Petra , Žnidaršič Anja
Published: December 2017

Purpose: The main purpose of the study was to assess the opinion of online consumers about the possibility of making custom apparel using 3D body scanning technology in an online environment and to investigate the shopping experience of consumers who purchase in the online apparel market. In order to be able to propose solutions to improve the online shopping experience, we also investigated aspects influencing non-purchasing in an online environment.

Methods: An online questionnaire on shopping experience, influences on the purchase, and the process of online apparel shopping using advanced technology was prepared and distributed via several online channels to the consumers who purchase apparel online. The questionnaire was completed by 76 respondents from different European countries, the United States and Australia. In order to analyze individual aspects influencing non-purchasing in an online environment, an exploratory factor analysis was performed.

Results: The factor analysis revealed that the two broad dimensions of reasons why consumers have never bought any ready-to-wear apparel online despite browsing are a misperception of product integrity and time-consuming searching. The results show that the proposed solutions to improve the online apparel experience, such as making custom apparel using advanced technologies, have a positive impact on the decision of the consumers to purchase on the online apparel market. It turned out that a high proportion of potential consumers are willing to share their body dimensions through 3D body scanning technology in order to improve the fit of the apparel.

Conclusion: According to the results, we expect that the advanced 3D body scanning technology would provide substantial progress regarding fit, visualization, and manufacturing of custom-made apparel when purchasing in online stores.
Multi-objective Optimization Algorithms with the Island Metaheuristic for Effective Project Management Problem Solving
Authors: Brester Christina , Ryzhikov Ivan , Semenkin Eugene
Published: December 2017

Background and Purpose: In every organization, project management raises many different decision-making problems, a large proportion of which can be efficiently solved using specific decision-making support systems. Yet such kinds of problems are always a challenge since there is no time-efficient or computationally efficient algorithm to solve them as a result of their complexity. In this study, we consider the problem of optimal financial investment. In our solution, we take into account the following organizational resource and project characteristics: profits, costs and risks.

Design/Methodology/Approach: The decision-making problem is reduced to a multi-criteria 0-1 knapsack problem. This implies that we need to find a non-dominated set of alternative solutions, which are a trade-off between maximizing incomes and minimizing risks. At the same time, alternatives must satisfy constraints. This leads to a constrained two-criterion optimization problem in the Boolean space. To cope with the peculiarities and high complexity of the problem, evolution-based algorithms with an island meta-heuristic are applied as an alternative to conventional techniques.

Results: The problem in hand was reduced to a two-criterion unconstrained extreme problem and solved with different evolution-based multi-objective optimization heuristics. Next, we applied a proposed meta-heuristic combining the particular algorithms and causing their interaction in a cooperative and collaborative way. The obtained results showed that the island heuristic outperformed the original ones based on the values of a specific metric, thus showing the representativeness of Pareto front approximations. Having more representative approximations, decision-makers have more alternative project portfolios corresponding to different risk and profit estimations. Since these criteria are conflicting, when choosing an alternative with an estimated high profit, decision-makers follow a strategy with an estimated high risk and vice versa.

Conclusion: In the present paper, the project portfolio decision-making problem was reduced to a 0-1 knapsack constrained multi-objective optimization problem. The algorithm investigation confirms that the use of the island meta-heuristic significantly improves the performance of genetic algorithms, thereby providing an efficient tool for Financial Responsibility Centres Management.
External and Internal Policies of Belarus After Crimea Annexation
Authors: Kuleszewicz Anna
Published: December 2017

Within the last few years, significant changes have taken place in the geopolitical and economic spheres of Europe: Euromaidan, annexation of the Crimea in the East, and problems inside the European Union (issue of migrants, Brexit) in the West. These changes had their impact on Belarus, a country situated between Russia and the EU. Conflict between Ukraine and Russia shook the Belarusian economy. Belarusian authorities were afraid about unexpected Russian steps towards Minsk and about social unrest against their own authoritarian president. All of this forced Alexander Lukashenko to search for new solutions in his policies. During recent months, it was possible to observe the change of a political discourse with Poland, attempts of a cautious cooperation with Russia (which is still Belarus’ main ally), and a search for new sources of finances and energy suppliers. The present situation is a new challenge for Belarusian authorities and even for foreign observers. For inhabitants of the country, the situation is not comfortable.

This article aims to present, based on selected sources, the synthesis of actions that were taken in the external and internal politics by the Belarusian authorities after the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula.
Effect of various nitrogen doses on copper and zinc accumulation in yellow lupine biomass
Authors: Wysokiński Andrzej , Kuziemska Beata , Łozak Izabela , Kożuchowska Monika
Published: December 2017

Field experiments determined copper and zinc content and accumulation in yellow lupine roots, stems, leaves, flowers, pods and seeds. The test factors included development stages (BBCH 65 and BBCH 90) at which harvest was performed as well as nitrogen doses (0, 30, and 120 kg·ha−1) introduced to the soil prior to sowing. A higher copper content (by an average of 20.9%) and zinc content (by 53.7%) were obtained in the whole mass of lupine harvested at the flowering stage compared to that at the full maturity stage. Yellow lupine fertilised with 120 kg N·ha−1 contained and took up more copper and zinc than both lupine cultivated without nitrogen fertilization and fertilised with 30 kg N·ha−1. The application of different nitrogen doses had no significant effect on the contents of the micronutrients in the seeds of the test plant. The amount of copper and zinc accumulated in the seeds was the largest following the application of 120 kg N·ha−1. Lupine accumulated the largest amounts of both elements in the leaves irrespective of the development stage at which the harvest was carried out. The bioaccumulation factor for copper and zinc was higher in the lupine harvested at the flowering stage than in the lupine harvested at full maturity, but it was not significantly determined by the applied nitrogen fertilization. The values of translocation coefficient for the tested heavy metals, usually higher than 1, indicate significant potential for their accumulation in yellow lupine biomass. Under conditions of an increased zinc content in the soil, lupine green matter harvested at the flowering stage contained an above-standard amount of this heavy metal and could not be used for animal feed.
Effect of Boards in Small-Sided Street Soccer Games on Movement Pattern and Physiological Response in Recreationally Active Young Men
Authors: Randers Morten B. , Brix Jonathan , Hagman Marie , Nielsen Jens J. , Krustrup Peter
Published: December 2017

Randers, MB, Brix, J, Hagman, M, Nielsen, JJ, and Krustrup, P. Effect of boards in small-sided street soccer games on movement pattern and physiological response in recreationally active young men. J Strength Cond Res 34(12): 3530–3537, 2020—This study investigated whether street soccer might be proposed as an alternative to recreational small-sided games on grass as a health-enhancing activity and, specifically, the effects of the boards surrounding the pitch. Eleven recreationally active young men (28.4 ± 4.2 SD years, 19.9 ± 4.2% body fat, and 47.7 ± 6.0 ml·min−1·kg−1), after familiarization, completed one to 2 sessions of 20 × 13-m 3v3 street soccer games with boards (WBs) and one to 2 sessions without boards (WOBs) in a randomized order. Movement pattern was measured using global positioning system, and heart rate recordings, blood sampling, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scales were used to evaluate exercise intensity and physiological strain. Total number of accelerations (19%) and player load (18%) were higher (p ≤ 0.005) in WB than in WOB, whereas total distance covered (12%), high-speed running (59%), and peak speed (11%) were lower (p ≤ 0.003) in WB than in WOB. Moreover, HRmean was higher in WB than in WOB (85.7 ± 5.4 vs. 81.3 ± 8.2% HRmax, p = 0.012, ES = 0.64), whereas time with HR > 90% HRmax did not differ between WB and WOB (42 ± 34 vs. 32 ± 30%, p = 0.243, ES = 0.32). Plasma ammonia increased more in WB than in WOB, with no differences found in mean and peak blood lactate. Rating of perceived exertion was higher after WB than after WOB (7.1 ± 1.0 vs. 5.5 ± 1.2, p < 0.001, ES = 1.39). In conclusion, intensity was sufficiently high in both game formats to expect short- and long-term health improvements as a result of regular participation. Boards affected movement pattern and physiological demands, producing higher number of accelerations, player load, average heart rate, plasma ammonia, and RPE but lower total distance, number of intense runs, and peak speed.