bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Setting the Basis for Success in the Competency-Based Curriculum: Experiential Instruction Process Issues in Emergent Reading in Kenya
Authors: Chepsiror Philomena
Published: June 2020

Study after study has shown that reading is the single most important skill necessary for success in school and life. Emergent reading is the first stage in the developmental continuum in learning to read and consists of the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are presumed to be developmental precursors to conventional reading. In other words, students who are unable to grasp early print concepts as emergent readers may experience difficulty with reading later.  In this regard, multiple assessments of reading have reported poor reading achievement in Kenyan primary school children. The Uwezo studies since 2010, for instance, have highlighted a reading crisis.  The reports indicate that there has been no improvement in reading from the inception of the study despite the government launching intervention programs among them ‘Tayari’ and ‘Tusome’ which were meant to improve reading skills.  This study investigated the instructional process issues in emergent reading in a bid to unravel this predicament. The study was carried out in Bureti Sub-County in Kericho County. It involved a sample of 95 pre-primary 1 teachers randomly selected from public and private schools. Data was collected using an observation checklist, a questionnaire a focused group discussion and was analysed descriptively.  Instructional process factors found to impede experiential emergent reading strategies included unclear goals for reading lessons, pressure from parents for quicker learning outcomes, time allocated for the experiences was insufficient, that the teachers were overloaded with other responsibilities, large pupil numbers, among others. The results of the study will inform evidence-based policy on the implementation of the Competency-based Curriculum in Kenya and any other part of the world.
GLP-1 receptor agonists for NAFLD treatment in patients with and without type 2 diabetes: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Mantovani Alessandro , Beatrice Giorgia , Petracca Graziana , Pampagnin Filippo , Sandri Damiano , Targher Giovanni
Published: June 2020

Aim: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have tested the efficacy of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) to specifically treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs to investigate the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs for treatment of NAFLD or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).
Methods: We systematically searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.Gov databases utilizing specific terms to identify placebo-controlled or head-to-head RCTs (last research on March 1, 2020) involving NAFLD patients with the aim to evaluate the efficacy of GLP-1 RAs to treat NAFLD/NASH. Primary outcomes were changes in serum liver enzymes, liver fat content, or histologic resolution of NASH. Weighted mean differences (WMD) were used to test the differences between the treatment arms.
Results: Overall, we found 7 placebo-controlled or head-to-head RCTs involving 472 middle-aged individuals (66% men; 77% with established diabetes) followed for a median of 16 weeks that have used liraglutide or exenatide to treat NAFLD on imaging (n = 6) or biopsy (n = 1). Compared to placebo or reference therapy, treatment with GLP-1 RAs decreased serum alanine aminotransferase [n = 7 studies; WMD: -8.77 IU/L, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -17.69 to 0.14 IU/L; I2 = 87.3%] and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels (n = 4 studies; WMD: -10.17 IU/L, 95% CI -14.27 IU/L to -6.07 IU/L; I2 = 0%) and imaging-defined liver fat content (n = 4 studies; WMD: -6.23%, 95% CI -8.95% to -3.51%; I2 = 85.9%). In one RCT involving 55 patients with biopsy-proven NASH, a 48-week treatment with liraglutide also led to a greater histological resolution of NASH than placebo.
Conclusions: GLP-1 RAs (mostly liraglutide) seem to be a promising treatment option for NAFLD or NASH.
LA REGULACIÓN Y EL DESENLACE DE LOS CONFLICTOS EN EL TEATRO FINISECULAR DE JOSÉ ECHEGARAY
Authors: Samper Edgar
Published: June 2020

Sin información.
Etude critique des référentiels de compétences du génie mécanique
Authors: AIT HADDOUCHANE Zineb , FARAJ Kenza , BAKKALI Soumia , AJANA Souad
Published: June 2020

Ce travail s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'amélioration de la formation des ingénieurs qui jouent un rôle important dans le progrês des entreprises. On s'estintéressé à  l'adéquation entre la formation et les profils métiers. Les référentiels de compétences sont l'interface qui permet de passer du monde de la formationau monde du travail, ils mettent l'accent sur les individus, leurs compétences cognitives et leurs aptitudes individuelles par le biais d'énoncés imitables. Dans cette étude, nous allons comparer trois référentiels de compétences internationales du génie mécanique d'instances différentes, à  savoir la Suisse, la France et l'Angleterre, selon des critêres qu'on a jugés pertinents. Cette comparaison porte sur les différentes macro-compétences, leurs composantes ainsi que les situations de formation et d'évaluation qui leur correspondent.
L'analyse précitée nous a permis de choisir un référentiel de compétences qui servira de base pour apporter des améliorations aux programmes de formation du génie mécanique de l'Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Electricité et de Mécanique.
Web-quest as a means of pedagogical stimulation of students’ positive motivation to mind work
Authors: ІВАНОВА Галина
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the consideration of peculiarities of the use of web-quest technology in the mathematical preparation of students for the formation of positive motivation for mental work. The structure of the web-quest is considered. It is pointed up that 4 elements must be present necessarily in every educational web-quest: introduction, assignment, execution, evaluation. The classification of all forms of web-quests is given. The main stages of working on a web-quest are stood out.
Features of valuable relations teacher in the context of professional activity
Authors: ГЕЛЬБАК Анжела , МОЛЧАНОВА Оксана
Published: June 2020

This article clarifies the essence of the concepts of “value”, “attitude”, “value relation”; the structural components of the definition of “value relation” are highlighted, characteristic features are described; defined the emotional-value attitude of teachers to their professional activities as the basis for the orientation of their installation field; the results of a pilot study of the emotional-evaluative component of the semantic attitude of teachers are highlighted, which made it possible to distinguish five types of the value attitude of teachers to participants in the educational process.
The content and structure of social and psychological training "Formation of secondary school principals' psychological readiness to interact with school psychological service"
Authors: ОВДІЄНКО Ірина , ЧАУСОВА Тетяна
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the objectives, content and structure of social and psychological training "Formation of Secondary School Principals' Psychological Readiness to Interact with School Psychological Service." Special attention is paid to the analysis of interactive techniques used in training secondary school principals for interacting with school psychological service. It is noted that a system of secondary school principals' psychological and pedagogical training is based on special social and psychological training for interacting with school psychological service, studying, analyzing and designing specific psychological and managerial situations during principals' advanced training, use of active forms and methods of teaching (problem mini-lectures, practical classes, role-playing and business games), individual projects, setting adequate training objectives and use of appropriate training forms, etc.
A Machine Learning-based Source Property Inference for Compact Binary Mergers
Authors: Chatterjee Deep , Ghosh Shaon , Brady Patrick R. , Kapadia Shasvath J. , Miller Andrew L. , Nissanke Samaya , Pannarale Francesco
Published: June 2020

The detection of the binary neutron star merger, GW170817, was the first success story of multi-messenger observations of compact binary mergers. The inferred merger rate, along with the increased sensitivity of the ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) network in the present LIGO/Virgo, and future LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA observing runs, strongly hints at detections of binaries that could potentially have an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart. A rapid assessment of properties that could lead to a counterpart is essential to aid time-sensitive follow-up operations, especially robotic telescopes. At minimum, the possibility of counterparts requires a neutron star (NS). Also, the tidal disruption physics is important to determine the remnant matter post-merger, the dynamics of which could result in the counterparts. The main challenge, however, is that the binary system parameters, such as masses and spins estimated from the real-time, GW template-based searches, are often dominated by statistical and systematic errors. Here, we present an approach that uses supervised machine learning to mitigate such selection effects to report the possibility of counterparts based on the presence of an NS component, and the presence of remnant matter post-merger in real time.
Observation and Modeling of High-temperature Solar Active Region Emission during the High-resolution Coronal Imager Flight of 2018 May 29
Authors: Warren Harry P. , Reep Jeffrey W. , Crump Nicholas A. , Ugarte-Urra Ignacio , Brooks David H. , Winebarger Amy R. , Savage Sabrina , Pontieu Bart De , Peter Hardi , Cirtain Jonathan W. , Golub Leon , Kobayashi Ken , McKenzie David , Morton Richard , Rachmeler Laurel , Testa Paola , Tiwari Sanjiv , Walsh Robert
Published: June 2020

Excellent coordinated observations of NOAA active region 12712 were obtained during the flight of the High-resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) sounding rocket on 2018 May 29. This region displayed a typical active region core structure with relatively short, high-temperature loops crossing the polarity inversion line and bright “moss” located at the footpoints of these loops. The differential emission measure (DEM) in the active region core is very sharply peaked at about 4 MK. Further, there is little evidence for impulsive heating events in the moss, even at the high spatial resolution and cadence of Hi-C. This suggests that active region core heating is occurring at a high frequency and keeping the loops close to equilibrium. To create a time-dependent simulation of the active region core, we combine nonlinear force-free extrapolations of the measured magnetic field with a heating rate that is dependent on the field strength and loop length and has a Poisson waiting time distribution. We use the approximate solutions to the hydrodynamic loop equations to simulate the full ensemble of active region core loops for a range of heating parameters. In all cases, we find that high-frequency heating provides the best match to the observed DEM. For selected field lines, we solve the full hydrodynamic loop equations, including radiative transfer in the chromosphere, to simulate transition region and chromospheric emission. We find that for heating scenarios consistent with the DEM, classical signatures of energy release, such as transition region brightenings and chromospheric evaporation, are weak, suggesting that they would be difficult to detect.
Styleworts under the microscope: a taxonomic account of Levenhookia (Stylidiaceae)
Authors: Wege Juliet A.
Published: June 2020

A taxonomic revision of the Australian endemic genusLevenhookiaR.Br. (Stylidiaceae) recognises 12 species, of whichL. aestivaWege,sp. nov.from south-western Australia is newly described.Levenhookia preissii(Sond.) F.Muell. is lectotypified and recircumscribed as a Swan Coastal Plain endemic, resulting in its addition to theThreatened and Priority Flora List for Western Australia. Lectotypes are also selected forL. dubiaSond.,L. leptanthaBenth.,L. sonderi(F.Muell.) F.Muell. andL. stipitata(Benth.) F.Muell. ex Benth. Verification of herbarium records has expanded the known distribution ofL. murfetiiLowrie & Conran andL. pulcherrimaCarlquist and has confirmed the widespread distribution ofL. dubiaacross southern Australia including Tasmania, where it is currently listed as extinct-surveys based on information gleaned from historical collections may lead to its rediscovery in this State. Descriptions, distribution maps and photographs for all species are provided along with a key to species.
Evaluation of various barley processing methods on rumen microbial population, histomorphometry, and fermentation characteristics in fattening lamb
Authors: ZANGNE Mohammad Hossein , FOROUZMAND Masihollah , KHAJAVI Mokhtar , HOSSEINIFAR Shima , NAGHIHA Reza
Published: June 2020

Barley deserves a top place in the farm for feeding livestock. It is irreplaceable by any other grain in sheep diets for producing capacious rumen microbial yields. The present study was conducted to investigatethe effect of different methods of barley processing on a number of microbes, fermentation parameters, and the rumen tissue characteristics of fattening lambs. For this purpose, 20 fattening male lambs with a mean weight of 25 ± 1.1 kg were tested for 80 daysbasedon a completely randomized design with four treatments (GRB: ground barley, SRB: steam-rolled barley, GEB: germinated barley, SOB: soaked barley) and five replicates. Three lambs from each treatment were slaughtered and sampling was done on the rumen liquid and tissue to determine their pH and volatile fatty acid (VFA), amylolytic bacteria, proteolytic, cellulolytic, heterophilic, and protozoa contents. The findings showed that the number of cellulolytic bacteria in ground barley treatment was lower than that of soaked barley treatment. In addition, there existed fewer heterophilic bacteria in germinated barley groups compared with other treatments. The lactic acid level in the GRB was increased compared to that in SRB and GEB treatments (P < 0.05). The GRB further reduced the thickness of the rumen wall in comparison with SRB. In general, replacing GRB with SOB improved certain thickness of the epithelial tissue and cellulolytic bacteria of the rumen.
L’image virale comme preuve. Les vidéos des violences policières dans la crise des Gilets jaunes
Authors: Gunthert André
Published: June 2020

D’abord contestée par le pouvoir et invisibilisée par les grands médias, la thématique des violences policières émerge en décembre 2018, dans le cadre du conflit des Gilets jaunes, sur les réseaux sociaux, via la diffusion et la discussion d’un petit groupe de vidéos virales. S’agit-il d’une simple manifestation des mécanismes de preuve par l’image, associée à la médiation participative ? Cette contribution propose l’analyse des caractères narratifs et des processus médiatiques qui ont œuvré, dans des circonstances spécifiques, à la sélection et à l’établissement de ces vidéos comme un corpus de référence. Empruntant à la grille de lecture du copwatching , la conversation en ligne construit à partir de la dénonciation de faits visibles un espace de controverse, véritable alternative à la médiatisation institutionnelle. La reprise tardive par les journaux d’information de la thématique des violences policières atteste que la crise des Gilets jaunes a fait des réseaux sociaux l’espace moteur de l’élaboration du débat public.
L’ordonnancement des flux d’apprenants
Authors: Charlier Jean-Émile , Croché Sarah
Published: June 2020

L’article traite de l’intégration de l’impératif d’inclusion dans les politiques d’éducation. Il veut d’abord montrer que le projet d’inclusion ne se limite pas à répondre aux besoins des seuls enfants handicapés, l’avènement d’une société inclusive impliquant de se préoccuper de toute personne. Il aborde ensuite le programme de normalisation porté par les objectifs du développement durable (ODD), qui promeut une éducation à la citoyenneté mondiale et entend former les apprenants à devenir des contributeurs proactifs pour un monde pacifique et inclusif. Avec les ODD, le projet d’inclusion est élargi à la volonté d’imposer de mêmes références morales à tous les humains dès leur passage par l’école. Enfin, l’article analyse les contestations de l’école inclusive qui conduisent des familles à fuir les établissements publics.
La scolarité des enfants placés : quels leviers pour la suppléance familiale ?
Authors: Join-Lambert Hélène , Denecheau Benjamin , Robin Pierrine
Published: June 2020

Les recherches nationales et internationales convergent pour constater qu’être placé dans le système de la protection de l’enfance réduit considérablement les chances de mener à bien sa scolarité. Par le biais d’une revue de littérature, l’article interroge les facteurs susceptibles d’expliquer cette spécificité de la scolarité des enfants placés. Il s’appuie ensuite sur une recherche menée au sein de l’association SOS Villages d’Enfants, après qu’elle a développé et implanté un programme destiné à améliorer la réussite scolaire des enfants accueillis dans ses structures. L’analyse d’une centaine d’entretiens menés dans cette association permet de restituer la manière dont s’opère, dans cette situation, la transmission d’un rapport spécifique à l’école, aux savoirs et à la culture scolaires.
La V e République, un écosystème ?
Authors: Sirinelli Jean-François
Published: June 2020

Les régimes politiques trouvent souvent leur stabilité et leur longévité dans l’équilibre qui s’instaure entre leurs institutions et le socle socio-économique qui les sous-tend, ainsi que les normes et les valeurs partagées qui cimentent l’ensemble. La V e  République a connu, à un moment de son histoire, un tel équilibre. En est-il toujours ainsi aujourd’hui ?
(Dé)chiffrer la « mixité ». Usages et appropriations de la quantification dans un programme managérial d’égalité professionnelle
Authors: Demilly Hélène
Published: June 2020

L’article interroge l’usage de la quantification dans les processus de « managérialisation » de l’égalité professionnelle femmes-hommes, grâce à l’étude d’un programme mis en place par une entreprise. Les porteurs du programme se réapproprient un outil créé par le droit, le Rapport de situation comparée, rsc . Ils utilisent ce dispositif pour se légitimer dans l’organisation, privilégiant une définition de l’égalité centrée sur l’accès des femmes aux échelons supérieurs. Malgré les apparences d’un pilotage par les chiffres, la mise en œuvre du programme s’appuie toutefois davantage sur des éléments subjectifs, tels que le « ressenti des salariés ». Le pouvoir des indicateurs réside ainsi moins dans leur dimension technique que dans l’autorité qu’ils confèrent à cette représentation managériale de l’égalité.
The Use of Reflective Journal as a Tool for Monitoring of Metacognition Growth in Writing
Authors: Ramadhanti Dina , Ghazali A Syukur , Hasanah Muakibatul , Harsiati Titik , Yanda Diyan Permata
Published: June 2020

Reflective journals are used as a technique of self-reflection in the learning process. By integrating the process of metacognition, a reflective journal guideline was developed to knowing students' metacognition growth in writing. The reflective journal guidelines are designed in the form of self-questioning to make it easier for students to express their metacognition processes during their writing assignments. The metacognition process consists of three, namely awareness, evaluation, and regulation. The reflective journal guidelines that were compiled was given to 50 students. Before writing a reflective journal, students are asked to work on the task of writing explanatory texts. Students monitor the metacognition growth of while writing the explanatory text using reflective journal guidelines. Research findings show that reflective journal guidelines can be used to monitor the growth of students' metacognition in writing. Both students who are used to writing and who are not accustomed to writing can express their writing experience by answering questions in the reflective journal guidelines. This finding also shows that teachers must always encourage students to always write reflective journals in order to monitor metacognition growth in writing, ranging from raising awareness about knowledge and task completion efforts, monitoring the quality of the results obtained, and fostering the habit of planning, setting goals, and apply certain strategies in completing tasks. Students who are used to writing reflective journals in the learning process will be able to develop their writing skills and will become independent learners.
Framework for e-Learning Materials Optimization
Authors: Halvoník Dominik , Kapusta Jozef
Published: June 2020

Creating educational materials (activities, e-books etc.) in each e-learning course can be divided into 2 main parts. The first can be defined as a compilation of ideas and information that we want to pass on to the student. This section of building e-learning materials process is very abstract and correct selection of what we want to teach the students is highly delicate and depends on teacher’s skills and didactic principles. The second phase is also important but it can be formalized. Main aim of this paper is to define and confirms a set of formal rules compiled into framework which can be used as a tool for building e-learning materials. We assume that the rules presented in this paper can be used for each e-learning platform. To confirm validity of defined rules we integrated these rules into module on LMS Moodle and part of this paper is proposed experiment carried out on the same platform
Blended Web Mobile Learning (BWML) Model to Improve Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Prahani Binar Kurnia , Jatmiko Budi , Hariadi Bambang , Sunarto Dewiyani , Sagirani Tri , Amelia Tan , Lemantara Julianto
Published: June 2020

The results of literature review show that Problem Based Learning (PBL) and Hybrid Learning models have been proven to increase students’ higher order thinking skills (HOTS), but also still have weaknesses that need to be refined. To complete the weaknesses in the implementation of the PBL Model and the Hybrid Learning Model, it is necessary to develop an Innovative Learning Model that can increase students' HOTS. The BWML (Blended Web Mobile Learning) Model is a learning model that integrates the Hybrid Learning model with PBL model, which is supported by the use of MoLearn application in each learning activity. The development of the Blended Web Mobile Learning model is supported by the latest learning theories and the empirical foundation of the latest research. The BWML model has five phases, namely: (1) Orientation based on IoTs and Big Data, (2) Investigation, (3) Analyzing, (4) Presenting, and (5) Evaluating, which each phase is carried out and supported by using the MoLearn application. The emphasis on BWML model implementation use percentage of 70% (on the job experience), 20% (mentoring and coaching), and 10% (classroom, course, and reading).
Communautés, enjeux environnementaux et recherche en éducation relative à l’environnement
Authors: Robottom Ian
Published: June 2020

En se basant sur deux récents projets environnementaux internationaux centrés sur la communauté, cet article explore les enjeux relatifs à la nature, au statut et au rôle de la recherche en éducation relative à l’environnement. À la lumière de ces expériences, au sein de deux cultures différentes, certaines caractéristiques des projets de développement à caractère environnemental centrés sur la communauté sont décrites, en mettant en relief la complexité et le caractère contextuel des processus de résolution de problèmes environnementaux. L’article aborde aussi la question des implications de telles caractéristiques pour une recherche visant à reconnaître et respecter les relations au sein de contextes communautaires.
L’éducation au développement urbain : Quelle éducation pour quels développements ?
Authors: Pruneau Diane , Desjardins Gisèle
Published: June 2020

L’environnement des villes engendre des problèmes identitaires, sanitaires, sociaux, écologiques, etc. Des solutions ont été apportées à ces problèmes par différents mouvements d’action sociale comme ceux des communautés en santé, de l’architecture verte et des villes viables et écologiques. L’éducation relative à l’environnement trouve dans ces mouvements une source d’inspiration pour intervenir en milieu urbain et peut ainsi contribuer à éduquer les citoyens à une meilleure littératie urbaine. Quels types de développement orienteront le façonnement des villes nouvelles ? Plusieurs avenues sont possibles : développements humain, viable ou durable, esthétiques, accroissement du « capital social », etc. Chaque communauté déterminera les valeurs environnementales qui seront au cœur de la reconstruction de ses quartiers. La littératie urbaine se résume en des habiletés à lire et à recréer le milieu urbain. Les informations disponibles sur les problèmes urbains et leurs solutions ainsi que des stratégies employées traditionnellement en lecture de textes et en environnement serviront à affiner le regard des personnes impliquées. Des stratégies de créativité seront enfin mises à profit pour faciliter l’invention de solutions urbaines originales, adaptées au(x) type(s) de développement choisi(s).
Le Programme d’action environnementale Éco-quartier de Montréal : Quel(s) environnement(s) et quelle(s) culture(s) pour quel(s) développement(s) en contexte d’éducation communautaire ?
Authors: Villemagne Carine
Published: June 2020

Le Programme d’action environnementale Éco-quartier de Montréal est une initiative d’éducation relative à l’environnement développée par une organisation municipale qui en confie la mise en œuvre à des organismes communautaires. Ces derniers ont pour mission de réaliser des actions environnementales à caractère local suscitant la participation des citoyens montréalais. La nature même du Programme Éco-quartier mais aussi la pluralité socioculturelle et économique des acteurs qui y sont engagés permettent de mettre en évidence plusieurs particularités qui font état de la complexité et des défis que doit relever un tel programme. Trois points seront discutés dans cet article : 1) Le Programme Éco-quartier est porteur de plusieurs représentations de l’environnement en fonction des domaines d’interventions ciblés et des acteurs en jeu ; 2) Le Programme constitue le point de convergence et de confrontation de plusieurs cultures, cultures liées à la pratique professionnelle et cultures liées au cosmopolitisme de la population montréalaise ; 3) La dynamique du Programme Éco-quartier contribue directement ou indirectement à plusieurs formes de développement, dont celle du développement local et communautaire.
Concepts et pratiques d’aménagement en espace rural : une analyse des programmes français de formation des techniciens en gestion et protection de la nature
Authors: Bouillier-Oudot Marie-Hélène
Published: June 2020

Les relations entre environnement, culture et développement sont abordées dans ce texte à partir des évolutions observées dans la gestion de l’espace rural, où la demande sociale de nature offre de nouvelles perspectives de développement. Plus spécifiquement, les travaux présentés portent sur l’analyse des programmes de formation des techniciens en gestion et protection de la nature de l’enseignement technique agricole français et sur la manière dont ces programmes sont mis en œuvre dans trois établissements scolaires différents. Cette analyse sert également de support à l’exploration de l’appropriation et de la mise en pratique du concept de développement durable.
Explorer, comprendre et agir ensemble : une recherche collaborative avec les Innus du Labrador
Authors: Godmaire Hélène , Sauvé Lucie , Boileau Jacinthe
Published: June 2020

Dans le contexte global d’un projet de recherche interdisciplinaire sur la contamination du milieu par le méthylmercure et ses effets sur la santé, nous développons un projet de recherche participative en éducation relative à l’environnement avec les Innus de Sheshatshiu, au Labrador. La démarche consiste à explorer avec les gens de la communauté les réalités socio-environnementales locales en adoptant une approche critique, à tenter de comprendre les causes et les effets des problèmes qui les préoccupent et plus spécifiquement ceux qui ont trait aux contaminants (dont le mercure), et à rechercher ensemble des solutions appropriées, à la fois scientifiquement fondées et culturellement et socialement acceptables. Notre équipe de recherche est confrontée à trois principaux défis dans la réalisation de ce projet : un défi culturel, ayant trait à la compréhension de la signification des réalités associées à la problématique chez les gens de Sheshatshiu ; un défi éthique puisque la problématique des contaminants devra être considérée dans la perspective d’une situation socio-environnementale globale et la démarche adoptée devra intégrer une véritable approche participative, au service de la communauté, au-delà du questionnement scientifique de l’équipe de recherche universitaire ; enfin, un défi stratégique, soit celui d’établir peu à peu une relation de confiance mutuelle et de susciter l’intéressement menant à l’engagement des gens de la communauté dans un projet de recherche partagé.
Les émergences en recherche-action : sérendipité ou choc de culture ?
Authors: Legrand Emmanuel
Published: June 2020

L’article explore la dimension culturelle de la formation en éducation relative à l’environnement dans le cadre de recherches-actions. Lors de celles-ci, les protagonistes sont souvent issus de sous-cultures socioprofessionnelles différentes impliquant des modes de fonctionnement différents. La prise en compte de ces différences culturelles est susceptible de poser la question fondamentale du statut des « émergences » en recherche-action : peut-on continuer à considérer que les éventuelles « émergences » susceptibles de s’y produire soient toutes le fruit du hasard, selon l’interprétation d’une science positiviste ? Pour illustrer ce propos, un exemple concret d’émergence ayant son origine dans les différences de cultures en présence dans une recherche-action en situation de formation sera présenté ; des pistes permettant de tenir compte activement de ces émergences seront identifiées.
The Impact of Environmental Regulation on Technological Innovation and Competitive Advantage: A Case Study of Sulphur-free Gasoline
Authors: Miki T.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, I present the impact of environmental regulation on technological innovation and competitive advantage. Previous research has verified that several aspects of environmental regulation, such as economic incentive, anticipation, stringency and certainty drive new technologies. However, such research merely pays attention to the technological innovation within each firm. How does some technological innovation diffuse within the industry and how does the firm get competitive advantage confronted with the environmental regulation? To answer this question, I use the case study strategy. The case describes the process of developing sulphur-free gasoline that reduces the CO2 emission volume developed by a major Japanese oil company. Through the case analysis, I show that technological innovation before regulation have a possibility to provide the firm high quality finished technological innovation and also provide the firm a chance of creating competitive advantage.
Credit Rating Companies and Their Activities in Bangladesh: An Evaluation
Authors: Mazumder Bidhan Chandra
Published: June 2020

This paper focuses briefly on the rating activities as well as the quality of ratings as adopted by the credit rating companies based in Bangladesh. Although there are 08 rating companies currently operating in Bangladesh, this study reveals that nearly 70% of the total rating services offered by the companies as of December, 2012, were concentrated only to Credit Rating Information and Service Limited and Credit Rating Agency of Bangladesh Limited. Apart from some other challenges like clients’ undue bargaining and unusual number of issued ratings, the quality of ratings is reportedly satisfactory with high retention of investment grade ratings. In conclusion, the paper offers some significant implications based on findings.
Mats Alvesson and Jörgen Sandberg, Constructing Research Questions: Doing Interesting Research, SAGE Publications, 2013, Pages: viii + 141, Price: USD 51 (LKR 7,500 Approx.), ISBN: 978-1-44625-593-3 (pbk)
Authors: Jayakody J. A. S. K.
Published: June 2020

No abstract available
Leukocyte Tetraspanin CD53 Restrains α3 Integrin Mobilization and Facilitates Cytoskeletal Remodeling and Transmigration in Mice
Authors: Yeung Louisa , Anderson Jeremy M. L. , Wee Janet L. , Demaria Maria C. , Finsterbusch Michaela , Liu Yuxin S. , Hall Pam , Smith Brodie C. , Dankers Wendy , Elgass Kirstin D. , Wicks Ian P. , Kwok Hang Fai , Wright Mark D. , Hickey Michael J.
Published: June 2020

The importance of tetraspanin proteins in regulating migration has been demonstrated in many diverse cellular systems. However, the function of the leukocyte-restricted tetraspanin CD53 remains obscure. We therefore hypothesized that CD53 plays a role in regulating leukocyte recruitment and tested this hypothesis by examining responses of CD53-deficient mice to a range of inflammatory stimuli. Deletion of CD53 significantly reduced neutrophil recruitment to the acutely inflamed peritoneal cavity. Intravital microscopy revealed that in response to several inflammatory and chemotactic stimuli, absence of CD53 had only minor effects on leukocyte rolling and adhesion in postcapillary venules. In contrast, Cd53−/− mice showed a defect in leukocyte transmigration induced by TNF, CXCL1 and CCL2, and a reduced capacity for leukocyte retention on the endothelial surface under shear flow. Comparison of adhesion molecule expression in wild-type and Cd53−/− neutrophils revealed no alteration in expression of β2 integrins, whereas L-selectin was almost completely absent from Cd53−/− neutrophils. In addition, Cd53−/− neutrophils showed defects in activation-induced cytoskeletal remodeling and translocation to the cell periphery, responses necessary for efficient transendothelial migration, as well as increased α3 integrin expression. These alterations were associated with effects on inflammation, so that in Cd53−/− mice, the onset of neutrophil-dependent serum-induced arthritis was delayed. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for tetraspanin CD53 in promotion of neutrophil transendothelial migration and inflammation, associated with CD53-mediated regulation of L-selectin expression, attachment to the endothelial surface, integrin expression and trafficking, and cytoskeletal function.
Tooth occlusion pattern of the hausas in Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: Anibor Ese
Published: June 2020

The study was carried out to deduce the tooth occlusion pattern among the Hausas in Zaria, Nigeria. A total of 384 subjects made up of 184 males and 200 females within the ages of 20-49 years participated in this study. Data was collected by means of questionnaire. Results revealed that mild overbite type is the commonest (male = 33.6%, female = 32.6%) which was followed by edge to edge bite (male = 13.3%, female = 10.4%). The incidence of the severe overbite was observed more in males (3.4%) than females (2.1%). The incidence of negative overbite was observed more in females (2.9%) than males (1.8%). The results showed no significant gender difference (p≥0.05) in the tooth occlusion pattern. The tooth occlusion pattern of the Hausas in Zaria, Nigeria is such that some occlusion types are relatively more common in females than the male counterparts and vice versa. The mild overbite type of occlusion is the commonest among the Hausas in Zaria, Nigeria. The negative overbite is the least common tooth occlusion pattern among the Hausas in Zaria, Nigeria.

Key words: Nigeria; Occlusion; Pattern; Tooth; Zaria
Conventional and variant origin of the transverse cervical artery in a select kenyan population
Authors: Munguti Jeremiah , Nyaanga Fiona , Kipkorir Vincent , Bhupendra Shane , Marita Onyango , Kaur Gagandeep , Amuti Thomas
Published: June 2020

Data from previous studies have highlighted on the use of transverse cervical artery (TCA) flaps as posterior neck musculocutaneous flaps in  reconstructive surgeries. General preference of flap selection relies heavily on the neurovascular supply of the flap in question and even though known, the transverse cervical artery has been shown to vary among populations, therefore affecting its use as a potential flap. Additionally, variant points of origin of the trans-cervical artery have been shown to predispose to brachial plexus compression. Our data on the same, however, remains partly elucidated and therefore a study aimed at describing the conventional and variant origin of the TCA in a Kenyan population would aid in deciding on its use as musculocutaneous flaps and determining the possible prevalence of brachial plexus compression because of its variant origin. The origin of the transverse cervical artery was studied bilaterally in 26 adult Kenyan cadavers in the Department of Human Anatomy, University of Nairobi. As regards their origin, the different types were photographed and grouped into five: Types I to V relative to its origin. The data collected was then analysed using SPSS version 21 and findings presented as percentages. The findings were presented in a bar graph and pie chart. The TCA was present in all the 26 cadavers studied. Type I origin of the TCA was the most common (71.15%) while type V was the least (1.92%). While type I origin occurred mostly on the left limbs, the other types were more prevalent on the right side. The significant variant origin of the TCA and its resultant aberrant course should be important considerations during the planning of posterior neck musculocutaneous flaps as well as in understanding brachial plexus compression associated with its variant origin.

Key Words: Anatomy, Transverse cervical artery.
Role of oligodendrocytes in reversing ethambutol induced optic neuropathy
Authors: Owembabazi Elna , Ahumuza Ronald , Juma Ochieng John , Buzinde Isaac , Ssengendo Ibrahim , Ssempijja Fred
Published: June 2020

Ethambutol is one of the first line drugs for treating tuberculosis. Its toxic effects on the optic nerve are majorly classified as reversible. However, worsening of vision and permanent vision loss after ethambutol discontinuation is also documented. To determine the effect of ethambutol toxicity on oligodendrocytes at different periods of treatment. Twenty-five male adult wistar rats of 110-130g average weight were housed in cages, exposed to 12-hour of dark and light cycles. After one week of acclimatization, five animals were randomly selected and sacrificed prior to ethambutol treatment for the control group (week 0). The remaining 20 animals were each orally administered 100mg/kg/day ethambutol. Five animals were randomly picked and sacrificed at the end of first, second, third, and fourth week of ethambutol treatment. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of oligodendrocyte cells obtained at the different stages of ethambutol treatment. Oligodendrocytes are not vulnerable to ethambutol toxicity for at least one month and they play a key role in reversing ethambutol induced neuropathy through myelin sheaths reconstruction.

Key Words: Ethambutol, Oligodendrocytes, Optic Nerve, Optic Neuropathy.
Morphometric parameters of clavicles among adult Black people in Tanzania
Authors: Alexander A.G. , Russa A.D.
Published: June 2020

Morphological clavicular variation has been studied extensively by orthopaedic surgeons, anatomic and forensic experts to explain developmental,  gender and age-related differences. The design of fixation devices for displaced clavicular fracture management depends largely on anatomic  characteristics of clavicle. Eighty-one unpaired clavicles of unknown sex were studied, 42 clavicles were of right side and 39 clavicles of left side. All the clavicles were collected from adult cadavers which were dissected in Departments of Anatomy at Muhimbili and Herbert Kairuki Memorial  Universities. The length of clavicle was measured by a vernier calliper; the middle point of this length was taken as the point where midclavicular circumference was measured with the help of a measuring thread and the angle of curvature of clavicle was measured by using protractors. The  average lengths of the left and right clavicles were 15.23±1.12 cm and 15.43±1.01cm respectively. The average medial angle of curvature of left  clavicle was 155.33° ± 4.39°and that of right clavicle was 153.40° ± 3.96°. The mean total angle of curvature of left clavicle was 293.54˚± 9.55°and the average total angle of curvature of right clavicle was 290.05±8.94°. The average midclavicular circumference of left clavicle was 3.88cm ± 0.33cm and  that of right clavicle was 3.94cm±0.33cm. The right clavicle was longer than the left clavicle, the average medial angle of curvature of left clavicle was greater than medial angle of right clavicle, the average lateral angle of curvature of left clavicle was more than the average lateral angle of  curvature of right clavicle and the mean of midclavicular circumference of right clavicle was greater than that of left clavicle.

Keywords: Morphometric, clavicle, curvatures, circumference
Effect of pretreatments on the germination and early growth performance of Moringa oleifera seeds (Lam) at nursery stage
Authors: Esor P.E. , Alobi A.O. , Aboh A.A.
Published: June 2020

Some fruits have difficulties in germination hence their propagation is adversely affected by seed coat dormancy resulting in poor inhibitions and germination potential. This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of pre-treatments on the germination and early growth performance of Moringa oleifera seedlings at nursery stage. The pre-treatment included soaking 24hours, 48 hours, 72hours and control seed not soaked. The experiment was arranged in a Complete Randomize Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications. A total of 360 seeds (Three replications of 90 seeds) per treatment weresown. The growth parameters such as number of leaves, numbers of branches, stem height, stem width and leaf area were assessed. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Germination percentage across the various pre- germination treatments revealed that Moringa seeds soaked for 24hours had the highest percentage germination of 87.7% closely followed by seeds soaked in cold water for 48hours (68.8%). The least percentage germination was observed in Moringa seeds soaked in water for 72hours (53.3%). The results also indicated that pre-treatments of Moringa seeds significantly (P<0.05) improved the performance of the seedlings with regards to number of leaves, branches, plant height, stem width and leaf area with 24hours Moringa oleifera seeds soaked in cold water.

Keywords: Pre-treatment, Germination, Growth performance, Nursery, Moringa oleifera
Assessment of combined toxic effects of potassium bromateand sodium nitrite in some key renal markers in male Wistar rats
Authors: Adewale O.O. , Aremu K.H. , Adeyemo A.T.
Published: June 2020

Objective: Potential combined nephrotoxic effect following simultaneous administration of two food additives: potassium bromate (PBR) (20 mg/kg of body weight, twice weekly) and sodium nitrite (SNT) (60mg/kg of body weight as a single dose) orally was investigated.

Methods: Nephrotoxicity was assessed by determining urea, creatinine and electrolyte concentrations in the serum. In addition, concentrations of nitric oxide, reduced glutathione, total thiol, malondialdehyde and activities of arginase, adenosine deaminase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione perioxidase in the kidney were investigated.

Results: The results revealed that individual exposure to PBR or SNT significantly induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rats however, this was enhanced by co-exposure as evidenced by significant alteration in these kidney markers when compared with the control.

Conclusion: This study accentuates the risk of enhanced nephrotoxicity in food containing both additives.

Key words: Potassium bromate, sodium nitrite, renal markers.
Constructing a subgradient from directional derivatives for functions of two variables
Authors: Khan Kamil A. , Yuan Yingwei
Published: June 2020

For any scalar-valued bivariate function that is locally Lipschitz continuous
and directionally differentiable, it is shown that a subgradient may always be
constructed from the function's directional derivatives in the four compass
directions, arranged in a so-called "compass difference". When the original
function is nonconvex, the obtained subgradient is an element of Clarke's
generalized gradient, but the result appears to be novel even for convex
functions. The function is not required to be represented in any particular
form, and no further assumptions are required, though the result is
strengthened when the function is additionally L-smooth in the sense of
Nesterov. For certain optimal-value functions and certain parametric solutions
of differential equation systems, these new results appear to provide the only
known way to compute a subgradient. These results also imply that centered
finite differences will converge to a subgradient for bivariate nonsmooth
functions. As a dual result, we find that any compact convex set in two
dimensions contains the midpoint of its interval hull. Examples are included
for illustration, and it is demonstrated that these results do not extend
directly to functions of more than two variables or sets in higher dimensions.
Lembar Abstrak
Authors: Editor
Published: June 2020

Koleksi abstrak dalam volume ini
Patents and public health
Authors: Corberá Martínez J. M.
Published: June 2020

Tensions are now known between the interests of holders of patent rights over medicines and those of other groups, especially in developing countries. This work tries to deepen these interests from a point of view, mainly legal, which is accompanied by comments of an economic nature, while identifying possible legal and institutional ways to alleviate the negative social consequences of the current system. To this end, the conflicts generated by patents in the context of public health and, specifically, in relation to access to medicines, will be described, to then address the role of intellectual property systems and the concept and scope of public health. Finally, various legal channels will be presented to reconcile the affected interests and possible programmatic and institutional measures.
Analysis on the participation of the main sovereign wealth funds in European listed companies
Authors: Gómez-Pavón Durán L.
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to conduct an analysis of the investment made by the fifteen largest sovereign wealth funds on listed European companies. The analysis is divided into two sections: a descriptive one and a statistical one. The methodology used for this purpose consisted of mining data from Orbis database and running a binomial logistic regression. The main results show that, in the first place, the Norwegian fund is the one that invests in a larger amount of companies and European countries. Another significant result indicates that the United Kingdom is the country that receives the most investment. Finally, the results lead also to the conclusion that, concerning investing, sovereign wealth funds are influenced by a set of factors such as company size, profitability, and leverage, whereas the company’s home country and the economic sector it belongs are not determining factors.