bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of trichoderma harzianum dose and shallot population (Allium cepa L.) on chili production (Capsicum annuum L.) by intercropping system
Authors: Novianti D , Basyah B , Kesumawati E
Published: December 2021

Trichoderma harzianum is a soil fungus that plays a role in decomposing soil organic matter, and contains several components of substances such as N, P, S and Mg and nutrients needed by plants for their growth. Intercropping is one way to increase the efficiency of land use by planting several types of plants on the same land and at the same time. Meanwhile, to increase land use efficiency and reduce the risk of chili farming failure, it can be achieved by implementing an intercropping system of chili with shallots. The research aimed to determine of T.harzianum dosage and the shallots population (Allium cepa L.). The interaction between these on the chili production (Capsicum annuum L.) by intercropping system. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design 4 × 3 factorial with three replications. Threre were interactions between T. harzianum dosage and shallots population on fruits number per plant, fruit weight per plant and fruit length per plant. The best result were found at 20 g per plant T. harzianum dosage and two shallots population on fruits number per plant (153,33 fruit), fruit weight per plant (121,55 g) and fruit length per plant (126,41 cm).
The relationship between renewable energy and sustainable development in Indonesia
Authors: Syamni G , Wardhiah  , Zulkifli  , Siregar M J A , Sitepu Y A
Published: December 2021

This paper is conducted to examine the relationship between the use of renewable energy and FDI in Indonesia. The data used in this study is secondary data that has been published by the World Bank and accessed in www.Data.worldbank.org. periode 2004-2019. The data analysis method used is the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. The results of the study found that the use of renewable energy in the short and long term has a positive effect on Indonesia’s economic growth. Meanwhile, the same thing is also shown from the FDI variable in the short term and long term which has a significant positive effect on economic growth and has a positive effect on economic growth. Finally, with this finding, it is concluded that both the short and long term the Indonesian government needs to make a breakthrough to explore renewable energy sources for economic growth.
Rumen metabolic activities of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time
Authors: Iflijar  , Wajizah S , Samadi
Published: December 2021

Cacao pod husk is a potential tropical resources that is widely utilized as animal feed. The presented study aimed to investigate rumen metabolic activities of (Theobroma cacao L.) pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) at different concentration and incubation time. A completely randomized factorial was applied in this study consisting of two factors; lingzhi mushroom concentration (K1 = 7.5%; K2 = 15%) and incubation time (L1 = 15 d; L2 =30 d; L3 = 45 d) with 3 replicates. All samples of cacao pod husk were analyzed to determine NH3 concentration, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration and gas production. Gas production was periodically collected at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation. The result of study indicated that there was significant interaction (P<0.01) between the concentration of G.lucidum and incubation time on NH3 concentration of rumen liquid. The highest concentration of NH3 was found at 7.5% G.lucidum concentration for 45 d incubation (14.70mM). G.lucidum concentration significantly affected (P<0.01) VFA concentration in which samples inoculated with the level of 7.5% G.lucidum was higher compared to that of 15% G.lucidum (125.16 mM vs 113.94 mM). This study concluded that cacao pod husk fermented with lingzhi mushroom at different concentration time influencing metabolic activities of the rumen.
The role of environment restoration on microclimate sustainability in Perumahan Cemara Asri Medan
Authors: Lubis T , Perangin-angin A B , Dardanila  , Nasution T , Hasrul S , Ramlan  , Abus A F
Published: December 2021

The outdoor recreation built meaning, function, values, and norms to landscape activity in one area. Besides, it created a comfortable nuance for the visitors and the residents at Perumahan Cemara Asri, Medan, due to maintaining the microclimate in this area. The Landscape of Taman Burung in Perumahan Cemara Asri Medan is outdoor recreation located in the center of urban residence. It maintains a microclimate for the residents and visitors. Hence they feel comfortable. The presence of prohibition boards in outdoor recreation informs the essential meaning and value of outdoor recreation. This study aimed to analyze the role of the verbal and visual signs toward microclimate maintenance at Taman Burung Cemara Asri, Medan. It was a qualitative study, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The data were verbal and visual signs in outdoor recreation at Taman Burung Taman Burung Cemara Asri, interview, and participant observation. It is known that the verbal and visual signs have an important role for human activity (visitors and residents) related to their behavior in treating the environment well. Maintaining the condition of the physical elements of the micro-climate creates comfort for visitors and residents at Taman Burung Cemara Asri Medan.
Biological treatment of palm oil mill effluent by using a downflow hanging sponge reactor
Authors: Rapi N , Jane C , Azni M E , Hitam S M S , Mohamad R , Noorain R
Published: December 2021

The performance of biological treatment using a downflow hanging sponge reactor as post-treatment of agro-industrial wastewater has been recognized worldwide. However, the effectiveness of the system in treating POME is remain unknown. Therefore, with this background in mind, an anaerobic treatment operated at COD loading rate of 0.4-0.6 kg/m3/day, HRT of 2 hours and input pH of 7.6 was run using a DHS reactor packed with sponge media for the treatment of POME. During the study, the output concentration performances of COD (32-58%), Colour (41-76%), ammoniacal nitrogen (66-92%) and phosphate (54-87%) were recorded. These results indicate comparable performances with the existing biological treatment system. However, it also offered additional credits in-term of fouling and clogging issues, practically as well as lower cost and energy consumption. Thus, it will be great to have a system that is capable to provide a simple technology which is affordable to various industrial scales.
A framework for designing symbiotic simulation decision support systems for horticultural supply chains involving smallholder farmers
Authors: Kusnandar K , Perdana T , Achmad A L H , Hermiatin F R
Published: December 2021

Horticulture is one of the important components of Indonesia’s economy that come from the agricultural sector. However, many challenges are encountered in the development of horticultural supply chains (HSCs) in Indonesia. One of them is the lack of production planning that suits the market demand. This results in inefficiency, high food losses and price fluctuation. HSCs systems are complex, especially in developing countries like Indonesia in which many smallholders are involved. Concerning this situation, ICT-based approaches have been widely proposed to integrate planning along supply chains. One of the approaches is a symbiotic simulation that enables a close association between the real system and simulation system. Symbiotic simulation is designed to support decision-makers to plan their activities using the real/near real-time data generated by the real systems as the inputs. However, how this system model can be used in HSC systems involving many smallholders is still a question. This paper proposes a framework to design decision support symbiotic simulations for HSC systems involving smallholders. The framework is designed based on the literature study on symbiotic simulation and agricultural supply chains in developing countries. In this framework, four activities in the HSCs are considered: 1) production; 2) post-production; 3) logistics, and 4) market. This framework can be used by farmer organisations or agricultural companies that have partnerships with smallholders to plan their activities along their supply chains.
Physical quality analysis of drying beluntas leaves (Pluchea indica L.) using variations of drying methods
Authors: Telaumbanua A S , Karyadi J N W , Pravitajaty  , Kusumastuti A N I , Ma’Rufah K , Ayuni D
Published: December 2021

Beluntas leaves are medicinal plants with pharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antidiabetic, and antibacterial. Drying is one of the processes before the beluntas leaves are consumed. However, drying could degrade the quality of beluntas leaves. This research aims to investigate the impact of drying conditions on the physical qualities of dried beluntas leaves. Beluntas leaves with a moisture content of 83-90% were dried using drying methods, namely the greenhouse effect dryer (ERK), cabinet dryer (CD) at 40, 50, 60, and 70°C, and freeze dryer (FD) at 35, 45, and 55°C. The physical parameters measured were moisture content, color, shrinkage, rehydration ratio, and bulk density. The results showed that the final moisture content of the dried beluntas leaves were 8.40; 4.92-10.70; 4.73-6.77%w.b for ERK, CD, and FD, respectively. Page’s model was suitable for explaining the changes in moisture ratio during the drying process (R
2 = 0.9934 − 0.9999). The freeze-drying method can preserve the leaves’ color and obtain the lowest moisture content with a low drying temperature compared to other methods. Freeze-dried beluntas leaves also exhibited the highest rehydration ratio, which was 2.03 – 2.25.
Characteristics of corn starch-based edible coating enriched with curry leaf extract on quality of the strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.)
Authors: Nur B M , Zaidiyah Z , Luthfi F
Published: December 2021

Strawberry is one of the most popular tropical fruits in Indonesia. The fruit has a concise shelf life and quickly deterioration after harvesting due to mechanical injury, physiological disorders, water loss, fungal growth, and high respiration rates. Postharvest technology is one technique that can maintain fruit quality and extend shelf life, one of which is a coating technique called edible coating. The edible coating layer of corn starch with the addition of curry leaf extract has antibacterial activity that can inhibit the growth rate of microorganisms. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the edible coating solution produced from corn starch with the addition of curry leaf extract to produce the best edible coating layer. This study used a factorial completely randomized design experimental method, which consisted of treatment with curry leaf extract concentration (8%, 10%, and 12%) and dipping time (4, 5, and 6 minutes) with three repetitions. The result showed a significant delay in weight loss and total dissolved solids in strawberries compared to the uncoated control strawberries. In addition, the edible coatings had positive results in organoleptic based on panelists’ acceptance of color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall. These findings suggest that using 8% curry leaf extract with 4 minutes dipping time could be favorable to extend the shelf-life and maintain the quality of strawberry fruit.
Growth and yield response of a local pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) accession to begomoviral caused disease in the medium elevation land
Authors: Alfan G , Zakaria S , Kesumawati E
Published: December 2021

The experiment aimed to evaluate resistance of a local pepper accession to begomovirus caused disease which is annually observed in pepper cultivation in Aceh, Indonesia. The evaluation was conducted by assessing the growth and yield response of the pepper plants in the median elevation. The field experimental was conducted in Agricultural Staff Training Center (BLPP) Saree and Horticultural Laboratory of Syiah Kuala University from December 2018 to August 2019. Purpose sampling method was established to for plant selection devided into two clusters. The first cluster of 930 plants was evaluated for typical symptom of begomovirus caused disease from 15 to 135 days post transplanting (dpt). Second clusters plants were selected and divided into two group of early-symptomatic and late-symptomatic plants consisted of 12 plants, respectively for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based begomovirus diagnosis and yield survey. Typical begomovirus symptom started to be observed at 30 dpt in small number of plants (3%) and reach the highest rate (100%) at 105 dpt. The difference productivity of early-symptomatic plants was 0,26 tons ha−1higher than late-symptomatic plants. Begomovirus species which prevalently infect the plants both early and late symptomatic plants was pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PepYLCIV).
Collaborative approach for coastal and marine spatial planning in Bangka Belitung Island Province
Authors: Murtasidin B , Sujadmi S
Published: December 2021

Amendments to Law no. 27 of 2007 became Law no. 1 of 2014 concerning the Management of Coastal Areas and Small Islands has an impact on the coastal and marine spatial planning process in every region, including Bangka Belitung. This planning process requires stakeholder collaboration to carry out broader cross-sectoral coordination. Apart from being composed of more than 80% of the water area, the struggle for access and conflicts over the use of marine space also take place in a vertical and horizontal level. The dilemma of authority between levels of government and law enforcement authorities, as well as between local governments, communities, and state corporations, is a form of hierarchical conflict. Conflicts between governments at the street bureaucracy (Village) level and their citizens, or friction between pro and contra groups against marine mining are examples of horizontal conflicts. The complexity of this problem has demanded the government to be presented in a more powerful and most decisive position in the management of the coastal and marine areas of Bangka Belitung so that it does not drag on. Therefore, the government needs to formulate comprehensive resource optimization options in the coastal and marine zones. This study aims to map how a collaborative approach in coastal and marine spatial planning through Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 3 of 2020 concerning the Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province. At least 3 dominant actors are involved and collaborate, namely the government, fishermen, and investors.
Potential And Characteristics Of Eichhornia Crassipes Biomass And Municipal Solid Waste As Raw Materials For RDF In Co-Firing Coal Power Plants
Authors: R Darmawan S A C , Sihombing A L , Cendrawati D G
Published: December 2021

The government has regulated the use of RDF biomass for coal co-firing in power plants. This paper examines biomass (Eichhornia Crassipes and municipal solid waste) characteristics and its potential use as RDF for co-firing in CPP. The method includes the analysis of the composition, supply of raw materials, and biomass characteristics. These results will compare with the coal’s characteristics in CPP. The density of Eichhornia Crassipes in Lake Tondano was 25 kg/m2, with the wet mass of 45,350 tons. The results of the Eichhornia Crassipes sample test for parameters of moisture content, volatile matter, ash content, fix carbon and gross calorific value have a value range of 93%, 5.8-7.1%, 60.21-63.5%, 17.9-22%, 11.4% and 2681-3068 kcal/kg. Amurang CPP uses coal with 4200 kcal/kg calories as much as 1056 tons/day. The co-firing target of 5% requires 52.8 tons of biomass per day. The existing Eichhornia Crassipes biomass in Lake Tondano only supplies the CPP for 62 days. MSW typically has calorific values and moisture with Eichhornia Crassipes biomass, about 3766-4194 kcal/kg and 31.7-87.1%. The use of MSW to cover the lack of Eichhornia Crassipes will ensure the sustainability of the supply of biomass raw materials in the co-firing program at CPP.
Experimental investigation of Archimedes Screw Hydro Turbine rotation with and without deflector
Authors: Setiawan Y , Wijianti E S , Wibowo B S , Saparin S , Prayitnoadi P
Published: December 2021

The Archimedes screw water turbine (AST) is a device that works mechanically to produce electrical energy with an energy source that comes from the flow of water. Archimedes screw hydro turbines operate at low head and flow rates and can generate electricity at micro levels. This type of turbine is very suitable for use in small waters such as irrigation and rivers. The research was conducted by building a prototype of a small-scale Archimedes screw hydro turbine with and without deflector. The purpose of this research is to compare the rotation produced by the two turbines and whether the installation of a deflector can improve turbine performance. The turbine is constructed with a screw length of 1 m, outer diameter is 30 cm, the number of blades 15, and each has a pitch distance is 13 cm. Turbine angle variations are 30°, 35°, and 40°. The results showed that the best rotor rotation was produced by the screw without deflector at an angle of 30°. This shows that the addition of a deflector reduces the resulting screw rotation.
Cointegration Test and Projection of Total Rubber and Tin Production and Their Effect on The Environment in Province of Bangka Belitung Island
Authors: Dalimunthe D Y , Aldila H
Published: December 2021

The cointegration test in this study aims to see the long-term balance relationship between the amount of rubber and tin production produced in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands. This time series test uses historical data from 2002-2015. In addition to seeing the cointegration relationship, it will also be seen how the projection results are produced until 2025. This cointegration test results that the amount of rubber and tin production produced in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands does not have a significant relationship between the two variables as evidenced by a probability value of 0.1366. The probability value that is greater than 5% of the alpha level means that these two variables are independent of each other and the projection results show that tin and rubber production has an upward trend from 2016-2025. The projected value of tin production is not as high as the projection value of rubber plantations with a percentage difference of 11.67%. It is also time for the community to develop the plantation sector and move away from the mining sector which has been undertaken in line with the increasing environmental damage that has been generated.
Thingsboard-based prototype design for measuring depth and pH of kulong waters
Authors: Ilyas T F , Arkan F , Kurniawan R , Budianto T H , Putra G B
Published: December 2021

Kulong is a post-tin mining area that is not reclaimed, resulting in the formation of a basin that is gradually filled with water through natural processes. In carrying out an inventory of kulong water to find out the potential and benefits of its water, a method is needed to measure the depth and pH value of kulong water in a practical way and can be monitored in real-time. Depth measurement usually uses an echosounder and to check the pH value using a manual pH meter. However, this method is somewhat less effective because it requires a relatively long process and the resulting data must be recorded manually. In this study, a thingsboard-based prototype design was designed to measure the depth and pH of the Kulong waters. measurement data is processed using a hotspot or WIFI internet connection. The measured value data will be processed and uploaded to the Thingsboard server, which is an online-based Internet of Things (IoT) platform. So that data can be displayed in real-time through the website and can be accessed via a laptop or smartphone.
Study of power flow in electricity system using extreme learning machine
Authors: Darwis M , Gunadin I C , Said S M
Published: December 2021

Load Flow or Power Flow Analysis in the power system in used to determine the power system parameters such as voltage, current, active power, and reactive power contained in the power grid. The method that has long been used in the calculation of load flow or power flow is the Newton-Raphson iteration method. As for its development, to complete the power flow study, it is carried out by implementing the Artificial Intelligence method, one of which is the Extreme Learning Machine method. This method is used in the simulation of the simple 39 Bus system calculation from IEEE. In this Extreme Learning Machine, the testing analysis is carried out with 2 inputs, 1 hidden layer, 5 neurons, and 2 outputs and the number of datasets is 39 to produce MAE and MAPE respectively 2.02 and 0.76% and with a very fast processing time of 0.010s
Real-time voltage stability monitoring model of wind power plant penetration in electrical power system networks
Authors: Ilyas A M , Suyuti A , Gunadin I C , Said S M
Published: December 2021

The intermittent output power of wind power plants can affect the stability of the power grid, so a real-time monitoring model is needed. This study uses data from the southern Sulawesi network which is interconnected with wind power plants in real-time, and the IEEE 30 bus data is used as method validation. The method used is the New Voltage Stability Index (NVSI) based on Matlab. The results of the stability index on the IEEE 30 bus data are < 1 or are at the standard of stable criteria, namely 0.95 p.u. The result of the stability index of the South Sulawesi network is line number 49 from Latuppa to Poso has the highest value of 0.0473, the second is line number 18 from Bosowa to Tello is 0.0390, and the third is line number 24 from Tello 30kV to Barawaja is 0.0221, the other bus voltages have lower values. So it can be concluded that the network of South Sulawesi is stable, and intermittent wind power has no effect on voltage stability.
Design a bee calling tool using a caller voice and honey scent based on arduino and the blynk application
Authors: Thoib A , Kurniawan R , Budianto T H
Published: December 2021

Bees have the characteristics of always moving and will settle in one place because of the source of nectar. Bees use smells (pheromones) as a means of communication. In addition, bees also communicate through body movements called dances waggle and have a frequency range of 200 Hz - 300 Hz. Communication on bees serves to contain information about what will be done by a bee colony. Therefore the authors assume that honey bees can be called. So it is necessary to design a tool that can summon honey bees using the caller’s voice and the aroma of honey. The tool is controlled using Bluino and the Blynk app. The test was carried out using the caller’s voice in the frequency range of 265.9 Hz – 297.2 Hz which was obtained from the sound recording process in the bee colony Apis cerana, so the focus of this research was the process of calling bees Apis cerana. The aroma used is the aroma of resisting honey, the aroma of sugar water, and the aroma of bee attractants. From the results of testing using three kinds of scents for 7 days, the number of bees is called as follows. The aroma of honey against 837 tails, the aroma of sugar water 758 tails, and the aroma of attractant bees 118 tails. Based on the results of the study, the bee-calling device using the aroma of resisting honey was more dominant to use.
Optimization of the Belinyu solar power plant to reduce emissions of waste gas in diesel power plant
Authors: Siregar E M
Published: December 2021

The operation of a diesel power plant not only improves reliability but also has an impact on the environment in the Belinyu sub-district. The purpose of this PLTD development is to meet the increasing electricity demand. Environmental aspects in the construction of this PLTD include exhaust gas emission factors which are pivotal to notice. Meanwhile, this low emission power plant located next to the diesel power plant has not yet had an optimal operating pattern because there is no energy storage system. By optimizing the design of the solar power plant and optimization the operating pattern of the diesel power plant, it has the potential to reduce the operating hours of the diesel power plant engine as well as the potential to reduce exhaust gas emissions in the amount of 0.0060264 mn tons CO2/year.
Risk Reduction of Marine Oil Spill using Clusters of Fruit Peel Pellets
Authors: Saha G , Majumdar D
Published: December 2021

Globalization has led to massive rise in cross border trade. Increase in E-commerce business has contributed to this too. As a result, a continuous and complex logistics network of supply chains operate across the globe round the clock. Transportation of goods is the most essential activity of this network. Statistics reveals that approximately 90 percent of world’s goods are transported via sea route. This intense network of shipment poses a huge threat to marine ecosystem in numerous ways. One of the most dangerous events for marine ecosystem is oil spill. Oil spill from vessels and pipelines are a major reason behind mortality of marine wildlife. The present work focuses on developing a cost-effective sustainable solution for mitigation of marine oil spill. It was found from existing literature that peels of some fruits have substantial oil absorbing capacity. This fact was experimentally validated and a reduced scale prototype was designed aiming for the task of deployment in case of oil spill in marine waters. The experimental results show that the proposed model floats on water after absorbing oil up to its saturation value. It was also found that through appropriate mechanical setup, absorbed oil can be extracted for reuse or processing.
2D electrical resistivity imaging to determine depth of andesite spreading at Tanjung Batu, Jambi as eco-friendly exploration of minerals method
Authors: Kusmita T , Iwalzi
Published: December 2021

Tanjung Batu has potential subsurface minerals in the form of Andesite rocks. Andesite can be used appropriately for infrastructure with excellent physical features, including hardness, compressive strength, density, as well as the water and weather resistance level. Andesite is one type of igneous rock that is widely used in the construction sector, especially infrastructure such as roads, bridges, housing, airports, and seaports. In mining, the depth of mineral exploration usually using borehole method. In this study used electrical resistivity method with dipole-dipole configurations. Electrical resistivity is also capable for identifying Andesite rocks in subsurface without drilling the area because each rock has a different rock resistivity value. In this study used 240 meters of track and 20 meters space of electrodes. Based on 2D Imaging, range of Andesite resistivity in this area was 170 - >1095 Ωm. Andesite depth was at 3.42, 10.6, 18.5 and - 27.2 m.
Analysis of the use bioethanol-pertalite mixtures in motorcycles on fuel consumption efficiency
Authors: Wibowo B S , Sari F I P , Setiawan Y , Prayitnoadi P , Adha M D
Published: December 2021

Indonesia is one of the countries in the world that depend on fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable fuels. The increasing use of fossil fuels causes fossil fuel reserves to dwindle, there is a need for alternative fuels. the use of alternative fuels is the right solution, alternative fuels that have been developed include bioethanol. The research method used in this study used pure pertalite data as a comparison, then continued with a mixture of bioethanol and pertalite with a variety of bioethanol and pertalite mixtures used were 10ml bioethanol 90ml pertalite, 20ml bioethanol 80ml pertalite, and 30ml bioethanol 70ml pertalite. variations of engine speed used 1000, 2000, and 3000 RPM. Then the fuel consumption data analysis was carried out on the engine. The results of the research conducted will get results for RPM 1000 with 10 ml bioethanol content, there will be less fuel consumption than pure pertalite as well as 20 ml. In the 3000 RPM Round with 10 ml bioethanol content, the fuel consumption is more efficient than pure pertalite, the same thing with bioethanol with 20 ml levels, the fuel consumption is less than pertalite.
Liquid smoke application in latex as an environment-friendly natural coagulant
Authors: Evahelda  , Astuti R F , Aini S N , Nurhadini
Published: December 2021

Liquid smoke has many benefits, especially in the food, fishery, timber, and plantation industries. It is used as a preservative or durability increased and aroma and taste addition in the food and fishery industry. In the wood industry, liquid smoke can resist termite attacks, while in the plantation industry, it functions as a latex coagulant containing antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidants that can improve rubber product’s quality. Most of the rubber farmers in Bangka Belitung still use alum as a coagulant to coagulate their latex. However, alum coagulant can reduce the quality of the processed rubber material (bokar). The reason farmers use alum is that raw materials are cheap, therefore getting coagulant raw materials at low prices and not pollute the environment with a less moderate aroma/odor caused by non-recommended coagulant materials (alum) are needed. This study aims to apply liquid smoke as a natural coagulant in latex freezing. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design, with liquid smoke concentration replicated three times. Parameters observed were clotting time speed and organoleptic test for odor during 14 days of storage. The results showed that the best concentration of liquid smoke was 15% no odor and a clotting time of 8.23 minutes.
Visualisation of Naturally Ventilated House in Tropical Hilly Area of Indonesia, Case Study: Vatutela Village, Tondo Hills, Palu
Authors: Fitriaty P , Bassaleng A J R , Burhany N R , Mardin R , Setiawan A , Alam S
Published: December 2021

The settlement of Vatutela village’s in Tondo hills Palu has only one road access with a linear residential pattern following the topography. This situation affects the pattern of wind flowing through the settlement areas, which is undoubtedly affecting the house’s temperature and humidity profile and influencing thermal comfort of the occupants. The research was conducted to visualise the pattern of the wind flow entering the house through openings in the perspective of building’s thermal performance. The method used to visualise the air movement was the smoke decay method. The method was performed in two scaled dwelling Models representing brick-constructed houses and wood-constructed raised floor houses in Vatutela village. The smoke decay result is elaborated with the results of microclimate measurements using Hobo data loggers to analyse the thermal condition in the houses. The results showed that a design strategy is needed to achieve a thermal comfort zone in both types of houses. The design strategy can be in the form of the arrangement of openings and additional building elements, such as adding ceilings, fins, sunscreens. Additionally, the opening placement, width, and type should be reconsidered for the houses in the area according to houses’ plan and section. This study is expected to give a visual evidence of wind pattern in a naturally ventilated house with a three-layers plan.
Characterization of cellulose acetate functional groups synthesized from corn husk (Zea mays)
Authors: Asriza R O , Ropalia  , Humaira D , Ryaldi G O , Zomi
Published: December 2021

The use of masks is very important to reduce transmission of the COVID 19 virus. Therefore, an innovation is needed from mask materials is that are environmentally friendly, have good filtration quality and have anti-virus agents. An alternative way to provide masks with good filterability using a raw material of cellulose acetate. Cellulose acetate has fibrils that are bonded together so that it can form dense fibers. Fiber is a semipermeable layer that functions as a particle filtration. Therefore, this study aims to get cellulose from corn husks via delignification. The research method consisted of extracting cellulose from corn husks and further synthesizing cellulose acetate. FTIR results showed an absorption peak at wave numbers 3349 cm-1, 1728 cm-1, 1252 cm-1, and 1031 cm-1. These peaks indicated the presence functional groups of OH, C=O, aryl ether, and C-O. This functional group indicates a cellulose acetate compound.
Analysis of ocean wave power plant buoy system at Kelong
Authors: Suhendra T , Putra R A , Nugraha S , Kusuma H A , Yunianto A H , Prayetno E , Nusyirwan D
Published: December 2021

The potential of sea waves, located precisely in the Berakit area, can be used as electrical energy on a small scale. Kelong is a floating house situated on the coast, which anglers (fishermen) use to catch fish. In the Bintan area, there are two types of kelong, namely floating kelong and cacak (permanent) kelong. Floating kelong, as the name implies, is a kelong that can be moved anywhere. During the fish season, the kelong are offered to the middle of the sea, but if the west wind season or not during the fish season, the kelong will be brought ashore. On the other hand, kelong cacak are usually not far from the beach or coast and cannot be moved and operated at night by using a lamp to catch cuttlefish or anchovies. This research was conducted on Kelong Cacak and Floating Kelong (pontoon) located in Berakit, Disability Telok Sebong, Kabubapen Bintan. The power generation system was built using the buoy method. Based on the research results, the wave power plant can be driven by sea waves with an average height of 6 cm and produces a voltage and continuously the voltage is not always stable. The maximum peak output voltage is up to 15 Volt DC; after knowing the test results, the power plant can supply as a charger for the battery in the kelong cacak of 0.8839 Volt DC with an average battery voltage of 10.052 Volt DC and total voltage charging is 0.37 Volt DC, with average battery voltage 11.4902 Volt DC on Floating Kelong (Pontoon).
Smart system using programmable logic controller for seabin prototype
Authors: Yunianto A H , Prayetno E , Susanto F I , Suhendra T
Published: December 2021

This research aims to design an automatic garbage collection system using a Programmable logic controller (PLC) and an Arduino Uno waste monitoring system. The function of this tool is to make people easier for clean marine debris, which is usually clean manually. In this case, operators or cleaners are only sufficient to wait for information in SMS if the trash bin is fully loaded. This study used an LDR sensor as input to respond to the state of the wastebasket and a DC motor used as a transmission system in transporting and moving the position of the wastebasket. In addition, using the ultrasonic sensor as input in the trash bin and a GSM SIM 900 A module functions as a medium for sending messages that the trash bin was full. Resultant of this study indicate that the tool can lift ±0.5 kg of waste per hour, with the heaviest weight that can be lifted ±0.7 kg and the lightest weight of ±0.5 kg with the most types of rubbish obtained in the form of plastic and other small debris.
Analysis of granitoid type of Bukit Nunggal Village, Air Mesu, Central Bangka Regency
Authors: Franto  , Mardiah  , Pitulima J
Published: December 2021

The research was conducted in Bukit Nunggal Air Mesu Village, Pangkalan Baru District, Central Bangka Regency, an IUP PT Tanjung Bukit Nunggal with a height of ± 210 meters. This study is to find out more details about the type of granitoid rock which is a unitary hill but it is estimated that it is the intrusion body of several types of granitoid rock. The research method includes analysis of mineralization content and geochemical analysis in the form of XRF. The steps to be taken include literature studies, field research, laboratory analysis including mineralogical analysis and microscopic observations as well as geochemical testing of rock samples using XRF. The sampling procedure for analysis is carried out based on the height and changes in rock texture, on the number of rock types / lithologies available to be observed and examined for their mineralization content. Regionally, the study area consists of a hill which is interpreted as a potential rock for construction mining. It is hoped that this research can produce an analysis of the existing granitoid types by studying the lithology / rock, geological structure and mineral textures. There are 2 types of granite found in Nunggal Hill, namely granite and granite alterated (gneiss), with its main minerals are quartz, feldspar, biotit, opaq and sericytic and chlorite minerals.
Influence of Deacetylation Process in Chitosan Extract From Shrimp Shell Waste
Authors: Nurhadini  , Yandi W , Nugraha M A , Putri M A , Riyani N
Published: December 2021

The increasing production of shrimp commodities in Bangka Belitung Island can cause shrimp shell waste and polluting the environment. Shrimp shell waste can further proceed into chitosan which has a wide range of functions in various fields. This current study aims to find out the influence of the deacetylation process in chitosan extracts from shrimp shell waste. The method of chitosan extraction by varying repetition of deacetylation process. The characterization of chitosan extracts by FTIR analysis to determine functional group and degree of deacetylation (DD). Based on FTIR spectra, repetition in the deacetylation process in chitosan extraction still produces chitosan extracts that do not fully transform into chitosan. However, it able to increase DD with the highest DD of chitosan extract constitutes 86,78% and can be used in the further application.
The effectiveness of a mini photovoltaic cell by using light LED bulbs as a source of photon energy
Authors: Mustofa  , Iskandar  , Muchsin  , Suluh S , Kamaludin T M
Published: December 2021

Muxindo’s LED bulb is one of the brands that are widely used by Indonesian people as lighting in the home. This study aims to look at the effectiveness of the light spectrum of the 10, 15 and 20 Watt LED power bulbs as an energy source to generate electrical energy in monocrystalline mini photovoltaic (PV) cell module. The light spectrum is compared with and without the Fresnel lens before being transmitted to the PV surface. The test results show that the PV output power is much better with a Fresnel lens (4.06> 1.67) mW. The efficiency of PV with lens displays slightly different figures, 3.77% at 15 Watt bulb power, while without Fresnel lenses, PV efficiency is 4.86% with a 20 Watt bulb. Need further research, for example, with Philips brand LED bulbs
Evaluation of wind energy potential for different regions in Lebanon based on NASA wind speed database
Authors: Kassem Y , Çamur H , Abdalla M A H A , Erdem B D , Al-ani A M R
Published: December 2021

The grid-connected system can be an attractive solution to reduce electricity consumption, dependence on utility power, and increase electricity generation from renewable energy resources like wind energy for residential electricity users. Based on 33-year wind data (1983-2020), this study investigates the potential of wind energy at different locations ((Akkar, Baalbek, Beirut, Zahlé, Baabda, Nabatieh, Tripoli, and Sidon) in Lebanon using the Weibull distribution function. Monthly NASA wind speed data during the period (1983-2020) were used to estimate the wind energy potential. The result showed that the averaged wind speeds at the selected regions are varied from 3.695m/s to 4.457m/s at the height of 10m. Furthermore, the annual wind power density was estimated at various heights (10m, 30m, and 50m). The results demonstrated that small-scale wind turbines are recommended to be used for generating electricity from wind in the selected regions. Finally, the performance of WRE.060 / 6 kW (vertical axis wind turbine) and Proven WT 6000 (horizontal axis wind turbine) was done based on the monthly NASA wind speed database.
Heavy metal (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Pb) analysis and identification of heavy metal resistant bacteria in sediments from Manado Bay
Authors: Kepel B J , Bodhi W , Fatimawali  , Tallei T E
Published: December 2021

Environmental pollution from heavy metals is becoming a growing concern due to the adverse effects it is causing throughout the world. This study aims to analyze heavy metal concentrations and identify heavy metal resistant bacteria in the bay of Manado. Sediment samples were collected from five bays in Manado. The concentrations of heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were analyzed using ICP-OES, and Hg using CV-AFS. Bacteria from the sediment were grown in nutrient broth media containing heavy metals As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb respectively. Microbiology and 16SrRNA gene analysis were used to identify the bacteria that grown on media containing varying concentrations of heavy metals. The results showed that the sediments from the five bays in Manado contained heavy metals with an average concentration of As <1mg/kg, Cd 1.8mg/kg), Cr 6.2mg/kg, Hg <0.07mg/kg). and Pb 11.2mg/kg. The results of microbiological and molecular analysis showed that 5 species of heavy metal resistant bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus arlettae, Acinobacter sp., and Brevibacterium sp. The five bacteria found to be resistant to heavy metals can be used to detoxify As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb.
Application of the anaerobic co-digestion method to sewage sludge treatment toward recover green energy and utilize nutrients for agriculture
Authors: Tran T , Hong L T A , Tan L V
Published: December 2021

Sewage sludge after urban wastewater treatment needs to be treated intelligently to get maximum benefits. This study proposes a method of anaerobic co-degradation of agricultural sludge and residues to both solve environmental problems and recover a large amount of biogas and organic fertilizers. The results show the potential for energy recovery from biogas and impact assessment of the application directly on the rice fields. It is estimated that biogas recovery from sludge treatment from wastewater treatment plants gives a calorific value of about 76 × 106 MJ/year. Results from the trial crop showed that fertilizer shows good supportability to the plant. The results show that the fertilizer from sewage sludge can be reduced and replaced by 50% to 100% of the number of chemical fertilizers but still give the same yield. The data show that the anaerobic co-digestion method is a suitable method for sludge treatment. The dual objective is to provide valuable benefits from recovered biogas and anaerobic digestion products.
The Effect of Addition of Bagasse Ash and Eggshell Powder on CBR Value of Clay Soil
Authors: Carlina M , Apriyanti Y , Fahriani F
Published: December 2021

In the construction of road construction, soil bearing capacity, such as the CBR value, needs to be considered. In clay soil, the CBR value of the soil is low, so that stabilization material can be added to its repair. In this study, the stabilization materials used were waste materials in the form of bagasse ash and eggshell powder. Variations in the mixture of bagasse ash mixture used in this study were 7%, 10%, and 13% plus 3% eggshell powder. Testing in this study includes testing moisture content, sieve analysis, specific gravity, consistency limits, compaction testing, and CBR. The soil classification system used is the Unified classification (USCS), a test guideline based on SNI. From the CBR soaked test, it was found that the CBR value of clay soil increased along with the increase in the percentage of bagasse ash plus 3% eggshell powder and the increase in collisions on the soil. The percentage increase in the CBR value of clay soil with a mixture of stabilization to clay soil is 92.303%. at 65 blow. So that bagasse ash and eggshell powder greatly affect the increase in the CBR value of clay soil.
Techno-Economic Analysis of Municipal Solid Waste Gasification System for Electric Generation, Case Study: City at Central Java
Authors: Feisal A , Surjosatyo A
Published: December 2021

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a problem in Indonesia because of the rapidly increasing volume and limited land. The Waste to Energy (WTE) concept is a concept that will be carried out for municipal solid waste management where the solid waste will be managed into electrical energy and reduce the volume of solid waste significantly by building a Gasification – engine system, one of which in Surakarta Central Java. MSW management infrastructure in one of the infrastructures that can be cooperated with the scheme of Public Private Partnership (PPP) in the form of investment project with a 20-years concession period and the BOOT (Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer) method. Downdraft Fixed bed gasification from Ankur scientific Energy Technologies Pvt, Ltd used for electric generation. Around 300 tons/day new municipal solid waste and 700 tons/day old waste as fuel resources. Potential power generating capacity of 8 MW (Gross) with an investment cost of Rp. 367.622.450.000. Techno economic analysis used the Capital Budgeting method. Result calculations obtained NPV is positive, IRR on project of 14,5%. Operation of MSW gasification system can reduce CH4 emission with equivalent 85.126,86 tCO2/year.
Andrographis paniculata absorbed ZnO nanofibers as a potential antimicrobial agent for biomedical applications
Authors: Brindha Ramasubramanian , Kandeeban Rajagopalan , Swarna Kamal K , Manojkumar Kaliannan , Nithya Velusamy , Saminathan Kulandaivel
Published: December 2021

The present study focuses on developing antimicrobial nanofibers with superhydrophobicity and insect repellent properties for wound dressing and biomedical applications. For the first time, Andrographis paniculata leaf extract was prepared and incorporated into ZnO nanofibers (AP-ZnO). The antifungal and antibacterial activities of AP-ZnO were tested using the agar plate method. Amid the bacteria and fungus strain tested, the prepared sample exhibited a greater efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus and Trichophyton rubrum respectively. AP-ZnO showed the highest larvicidal activity (100 ± 0.2) against Aedes aegypti, proving its insect repellent characteristics. The in vivo toxicity studies of AP-ZnO (100 μg ml−1) tested on Danio rerio ensure the biocompatibility of the prepared sample with maximum toxicity of 21.1% after 72 h, which is lower than commercial Prallethrin. Moreover, AP-ZnO-chitosan coated cotton fabric showed higher durability with contact angle (θ ∼ 151°) and was suggested to be used for self-cleaning applications in the biomedical sector. The examined results confirmed that AP-ZnO possesses different medicinal characteristics suitable for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.