bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimension‐reduced bi‐iterative space–time adaptive processing method for airborne radar
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Li Xiaoming , Gao Wei
Published: October 2019

A novel bi‐iterative dimension‐reduced space–time adaptive processing (STAP) algorithm for clutter suppression and moving target detection in airborne radar system is proposed. A dimension‐reduced processing in both space and time is firstly performed. Then a bi‐quadratic cost function is constructed to estimate the dimension‐reduced spatiotemporal filter coefficients, which are used for suppressing the clutter and keeping the target signal. An optimal solution to the cost function can be obtained efficiently by a bi‐iteration algorithm. Theoretical analysis and computer simulation results illustrate that the algorithm has fast convergence, low computation load and sampling requirements. The results of experiment by using the measured data show the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Synthesis of graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets decorated spherical‐like nickel oxide composites for carbon monoxide gas‐sensing application
Authors: Li Xiaoze , Tian Wendi , Jia Jianbo , Cao Jianliang , Zhang Zhanying , Wang Yan
Published: October 2019

In this work, graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets decorated like nickel oxide microspheres (NiO/g‐C3N4, Ni/CN) were successfully synthesised by a simple hydrothermal method. The morphologies of the as‐prepared samples were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and the diameter of the microspheres was found to be about 2.5 μm. At an optimum working temperature of 240°C, the response to 500 ppm CO is 2.729 for the Ni/CN‐10 (10 wt% g‐C3N4 modified NiO) sensor, which is much higher than those of the NiO sensor (1.408). Besides the higher response, the Ni/CN sensors also showed good repeatability and stability for CO detection. Excellent gas sensitivity properties can be attributed to the p–n heterojunction formed at the interface, which can provide more potential active sites for surface reactions. In addition, the sensitisation of g‐C3N4 also plays an important role in the improvement of CO‐sensing performance.
Movement patterns of juvenile and adult noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) in a small stream, determined by radiotelemetry
Authors: Daněk Tomáš , Musil Jiří , Vlašánek Petr , Svobodová Jitka , Barteková Tereza , Štrunc David , Barankiewicz Miroslav , Bouše Eduard , Svobodová Eva , Johnsen Stein I. , Andersen Oddgeir
Published: October 2019

This article reports on the results of the first radiotelemetric field study comparing the movement patterns of juvenile and adult noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) over the 24-h cycle. During our study (in summer, outside the reproduction period), juveniles moved over significantly longer distances than adults; upstream movements prevailed in both groups. The longest distance covered by an individual crayfish during a three-hour interval was 110 m (in the upstream direction). Adults moved most frequently at dusk and least frequently during daytime. Among juveniles, the likelihood of movement did not significantly differ between the times of day; however, distances covered by juveniles were the longest at night and significantly shorter during daytime and at dusk. Juveniles and adults exhibited very similar local activity (motion within a single place) with high values at night and low values during daytime.
Immunadsorption und therapeutischer Plasmaaustausch
Authors: Tölle Markus
Published: October 2019

Die zur Verfügung stehenden Aphereseformen sind wirksame und komplementäre Therapieoptionen u. a. für die Behandlung unterschiedlicher Autoimmunerkrankungen. Neben dem therapeutischen Plasmaaustausch bedeutet die Immunadsorption einen wichtigen Fortschritt unserer Behandlungsmöglichkeiten. In vielen Bereichen der Medizin, insbesondere in der Nephrologie und der Neurologie, konnten autoimmunologische Mechanismen als Auslöser zahlreicher Erkrankungen identifiziert werden. Bei vielen dieser Krankheitsbilder stellt die therapeutische Apherese eine wertvolle Therapieoption dar, insbesondere bei ausgeprägter klinischer Symptomatik oder bei therapieresistenten Verläufen. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels wird auf den Einsatz der therapeutischen Apherese bei den wichtigsten nephrologischen und neurologischen Erkrankungen eingegangen.
Arthroscopic-Guided Balloon Tibioplasty in Schatzker III Tibial Plateau Fracture
Authors: Cuzzocrea Fabrizio , Jannelli Eugenio , Ivone Alessandro , Perelli Simone , Fioruzzi Alberto , Ghiara Matteo , Zanon Giacomo , Benazzo Francesco
Published: October 2019

Purpose The study aims to present the results at a mean 28-months follow-up of arthroscopic-guided balloon tibioplasty and to spot some technical tricks and some practice using tools and materials.

Methods The study relates to six patients with tibial plateau fractures type Schatzker III with tibial plateau depression more than 4 mm at preoperative computed tomography scan (CT-scan). The follow-up period ranged from 22 to 33 months, with a mean of 28 months. No patients were lost to follow-up. The patients were evaluated clinically using the Rasmussen score system and Lysholm score systems at 6 to 12 and 24 months, postoperatively. Radiographic evaluations (standard X-rays) were done preoperatively at 1, 3, and 12 months postoperatively while a CT-scan with 3D reconstruction was performed preoperatively, at the first day and 6 months, postoperatively.

Results The mean Rasmussen clinical score at 6 months postoperatively was 26.3 while at 1-year postoperatively the mean Rasmussen clinical score was 28.33. At 2-year postoperatively the mean Rasmussen clinical score was 28.83. Statistically significant difference was found in 6-months and 2-years results (p < 0.05). CT-scan achieved the first postoperative day showed the recovery of approximately 70% of the area of the interested tibial plateau, restoring of the joint surface without articular bone free fragments.

Conclusion The described surgical procedure, if correctly performed with proper indications (Schatzker III), respect the principles mentioned above and the clinical and radiological results confirm our purpose.

Level of Evidence This is a therapeutic case series, level IV study.
The Same is Not the Same: Device Effect during Bipolar Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Niemann Bernd , Dominik Elisabeth , Rohrbach Susanne , Grieshaber Philippe , Roth Peter , Böning Andreas
Published: October 2019

Background Different ablation devices deliver the same type of energy but use individual control mechanisms to estimate efficacy. We compared patient outcome after the application of radiofrequency ablation systems, using temperature- or resistance-control in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods This is an unselected all-comers study. Patients underwent standardized left atrial (paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, [PAF] n = 31) or biatrial ablation (persistent atrial fibrillation [persAF] n = 61) with bipolar RF from October 2010 to June 2013. Patients with left atrial dilatation (up to 57 mm), reduced left ventricular (LV) function, and elderly were included. We used resistance-controlled (RC) or temperature-controlled (TC) devices. We amputated atrial appendices and checked intraoperatively for completeness of pulmonary vein exit block. All patients received implantable loop recorders. Follow-up interval was every 6 months. Antiarrhythmic medical treatment endured up to month 6.

Results We reached 100% freedom from atrial fibrillation (FAF) in PAF. In perAF 19% of the RC but 82% of the TC patients reached FAF (12 months; p < 0.05). TC patients exhibited higher creatine kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB) peak values. In persAF, CK-MB-levels correlated to FAF. No and no mortality (30 days) was evident. Twelve-month mortality did not correlate to AF type, AF duration, LV dimension, or function and age. Prolonged need of oral anticoagulants was 90.1% (RC) and 4.5% (TC).

Conclusion In patients with persAF undergoing RF ablation, TC reached higher FAF than RC. Medical devices are not “the same” regarding effectiveness even if used according to manufacturer's instructions. Thus, putative application of “the same” energy is not always “the same” efficacy.
A fast approximation for adaptive wavelength selection for tunable infrared chemical sensors
Authors: Chilenski Mark , Murphy Cara , Raz Gil
Published: October 2019

Active mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy with tunable lasers is a leading technology for standoff detection of trace chemicals. Traditionally, the laser wavelength is swept to sample its tuning range uniformly without regard to how informative particular wavelengths may be. In contrast, this paper presents an adaptive technique to control the sequence of wavelengths, which the system samples in order to maximize chemical identification accuracy while minimizing measurement time and power consumption. Realtime adaptive wavelength selection is enabled by an approximation, which operates ∼40 000× faster than the full calculation. Application of this technique to synthetic data suggests that it can reduce the number of wavelengths required (and hence the measurement time) by a factor of two relative to an evenly spaced grid, with even higher gains for chemicals with weak signatures. While this paper focuses on MIR sensors using external cavity quantum cascade lasers, the technique is applicable to any system that has a tunable element and appropriate data characteristics.
A tunable modified-Hopkinson impact fatigue device
Authors: Pagano Steven J. , Jewell Peter A. , Lamberson Leslie E.
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a novel, tunable impact fatigue device that can be configured to apply compressive strikes on a variety of materials and geometries at low to intermediate strain rates, and the ability to compliment the investigations using full-field quantitative visualization of material deformation and failure properties. The device ranges in velocities between 0.5 and 4.6 (±0.1) m/s at frequencies between 0.05 and 0.25 Hz using a modified-Hopkinson pressure bar design. The corresponding control and actuation system runs autonomously and can be programmed for 105 cycles at either a constant velocity, pre-entered velocity profiles with changing parameters, or a completely random velocity profile during testing. The device capabilities are demonstrated on 2.38 mm thick polycarbonate plates under low cycle fatigue at velocities of 1 and 2 m/s and impact energies of 0.15 and 0.60 J, highlighting different visible damage mechanisms present under different loading profiles.
Vibrational and electronic collisional-radiative model in CO2-N2-Ar mixtures for Mars entry problems
Authors: Annaloro Julien , Bultel Arnaud
Published: October 2019

To predict the nonequilibrium flows around a hypersonic vehicle entering the Martian atmosphere, the two-temperature collisional-radiative model “CoRaM-MARS” has been developed. The species CO2, CO, C2, CN, N2, NO, O2, C, N, O, Ar, CO+, C2+, CN+, N2+, NO+, O2+, C+, N+, O+, Ar+, and free electrons are taken into account. The model can therefore be used for conditions belonging to wide ranges of temperatures and pressures. The model is vibrationally specific on the ground electronic state of CO2, CO, C2, CN, N2, NO, and O2 and electronically specific for all species, with a total of almost 445 vibrational states and 1139 electronic states, respectively. Due to the high temperatures involved (∼40 000 K), a wide set of elementary processes is considered under electron and heavy particle impact reaching ∼106 forward and backward elementary processes. The model is implemented in a 1D Eulerian code simulating the shock crossing of the hypersonic flow in the conditions of the entry of the EXOMARS Schiaparelli module into the Martian atmosphere.
Intrinsic dissipation mechanisms in metallic glass resonators
Authors: Fan Meng , Nawano Aya , Schroers Jan , Shattuck Mark D. , O’Hern Corey S.
Published: October 2019

Micro- and nanoresonators have important applications including sensing, navigation, and biochemical detection. Their performance is quantified using the quality factor Q, which gives the ratio of the energy stored to the energy dissipated per cycle. Metallic glasses are a promising material class for micro- and nanoscale resonators since they are amorphous and can be fabricated precisely into complex shapes on these length scales. To understand the intrinsic dissipation mechanisms that ultimately limit large Q-values in metallic glasses, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to model metallic glass resonators subjected to bending vibrations at low temperatures. We calculate the power spectrum of the kinetic energy, redistribution of energy from the fundamental mode of vibration, and Q vs the kinetic energy per atom K of the excitation. In the harmonic and anharmonic response regimes where there are no atomic rearrangements, we find that Q → ∞ over the time periods we consider (since we do not consider coupling to the environment). We identify a characteristic Kr above which atomic rearrangements occur, and there is significant energy leakage from the fundamental mode to higher frequencies, causing finite Q. Thus, Kr is a critical parameter determining resonator performance. We show that Kr decreases as a power-law, Kr ∼ N−k, with increasing system size N, where k ≈ 1.3. We estimate the critical strain ⟨γr⟩∼ 10−8 for micrometer-sized resonators below which atomic rearrangements do not occur in the millikelvin temperature range, and thus, large Q-values can be obtained when they are operated below γr. We also find that Kr for amorphous resonators is comparable to that for resonators with crystalline order.
Dynamical thermalization in time-dependent billiards
Authors: Hansen Matheus , Ciro David , Caldas Iberê L. , Leonel Edson D.
Published: October 2019

Numerical experiments of the statistical evolution of an ensemble of noninteracting particles in a time-dependent billiard with inelastic collisions reveals the existence of three statistical regimes for the evolution of the speed ensemble, namely, diffusion plateau, normal growth/exponential decay, and stagnation. These regimes are linked numerically to the transition from Gauss-like to Boltzmann-like speed distributions. Furthermore, the different evolution regimes are obtained analytically through velocity-space diffusion analysis. From these calculations, the asymptotic root mean square of speed, initial plateau, and the growth/decay rates for an intermediate number of collisions are determined in terms of the system parameters. The analytical calculations match the numerical experiments and point to a dynamical mechanism for “thermalization,” where inelastic collisions and a high-dimensional phase space lead to a bounded diffusion in the velocity space toward a stationary distribution function with a kind of “reservoir temperature” determined by the boundary oscillation amplitude and the restitution coefficient.
Accuracy, precision, and efficiency of nonequilibrium alchemical methods for computing free energies of solvation. I. Bidirectional approaches
Authors: Procacci Piero
Published: October 2019

In the context of molecular dynamics simulations, alchemical approaches based on nonequilibrium techniques are recently emerging as a powerful method for the computation of solvation free energy of druglike compounds. Here, we present a rigorous and extensive analysis of the accuracy and precision of the method as a function of the parameters qualifying the nonequilibrium alchemical protocol (e.g., number and length of the nonequilibrium trajectories and decoupling or recoupling alchemical schedule) on a selection of drug-size organic compounds characterized by a nontrivial conformational free energy landscape. The study is organized in two contributions. The first paper includes a detailed description of method and of the conformational behavior of molecular systems. Results are focused on the accuracy and precision bidirectional estimates of solvation free energy, notably those based on the so-called Bennett acceptance ratio. In the second paper, unidirectional estimates for solvation free energy are analyzed in depth.
Precision and computational efficiency of nonequilibrium alchemical methods for computing free energies of solvation. II. Unidirectional estimates
Authors: Procacci Piero
Published: October 2019

The present paper is the second part of a series of papers aimed at assessing the accuracy of alchemical computational approaches based on nonequilibrium techniques for solvation free energy of organic molecules in the context of molecular dynamics simulations. In Paper I [Procacci, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 144113 (2019)], we dealt with bidirectional estimates of solvation free energies using nonequilibrium approaches. Here, we assess accuracy and precision of unidirectional estimates with the focus on the Gaussian and Jarzynski estimators. We present a very simple methodology to increase the statistics in the work distribution, hence boosting the accuracy and precision of the Jarzynski unidirectional estimates at no extra cost, exploiting the observed decorrelation between the random variables represented by the Lennard-Jones solute-solvent recoupling or decoupling work and by the electrostatic work due to the charging/discharging of the solute in the solvent.
Real frequency tearing layers with parallel dynamics and the effect on error field locking and resistive wall modes
Authors: Finn J. M. , Cole A. J. , Brennan D. P.
Published: October 2019

The response to tearing perturbations of a resonant layer within a toroidal plasma often includes real frequencies. These real frequencies are of importance not only for the stability of the tearing mode but also for determining the response to an error field, including locking torques, and the stability properties when interacting with a resistive wall. Unfortunately, including the physics which drives these frequencies can make the model highly complicated and mask the root physics mechanisms driving the response, making it difficult to draw connections between the physics mechanisms occurring in different regimes. In this paper, we present a simple and intuitive method to derive the tearing mode layer properties in various regimes of resistive MHD with the key physics effects of pressure gradient, toroidal field line curvature and parallel dynamics, focusing on two important regimes: The resistive-inertial (RI) and the viscoresistive (VR) regimes. The usual Glasser effect, a toroidal effect which involves real frequencies, has been discussed only in the context of the RI regime. We find that it occurs in the VR regime as well. Based on these results and the presence of real frequencies in many other tearing regimes, we reach the conclusion that real frequencies in tearing modes are the rule rather than the exception. We also find that the existence of tearing modes with real frequencies in the VR and RI regimes is related to nearby electrostatic resistive interchange modes, themselves with real frequencies. Another important effect we find is that the threshold for the destabilization of resistive wall tearing modes is significantly lowered by plasma rotation in the presence of real frequency layers.
Enhancing the stability of the electron density in electrochemically doped ZnO quantum dots
Authors: Gudjonsdottir Solrun , Koopman Christel , Houtepen Arjan J.
Published: October 2019

Electronic doping of semiconductor nanomaterials can be efficiently achieved using electrochemistry. However, the injected charge carriers are usually not very stable. After disconnecting the cell that is used for electrochemical doping, the carrier density drops, typically in several minutes. While there are multiple possible causes for this, we demonstrate here using n-doped ZnO quantum-dot (QD) films of variable thickness that the dominant mechanism is reduction of solvent impurities by the injected electrons. We subsequently investigate two different ways to enhance the doping stability of ZnO QD films. The first method uses preemptive reduction of the solvent impurities; the second method involves a solid covering the QD film, which hinders impurity diffusion to the film. Both methods enhance the doping stability of the QD films greatly.
Highly integrated microfluidic device for cell pairing, fusion and culture
Authors: He Weihua , Huang Liang , Feng Yongxiang , Liang Fei , Ding Wei , Wang Wenhui
Published: October 2019

In this study, we proposed a microfluidic device with compact structures integrating multiple modalities for cell capture, pairing, fusion, and culture. The microfluidic device is composed of upper and lower parts. The lower part configured with electrodes and capture wells is used for cell trapping/pairing/fusion, while the upper part configured with corresponding culture wells is used for cell culture. Dielectrophoresis is used to enable accurate cell trapping and pairing in capture wells. Moreover, the paired cells are fused flexibly by either electrical pulses or polyethylene glycol (PEG) buffer. The fused cells are then transferred to culture wells for on-chip culture simply by flipping the device. Using the device and HeLa cells, we demonstrated pairing efficiency of ∼78% and fusion efficiencies of ∼26% for electrical fusion or ∼21% for PEG fusion, and successful cell proliferation and migration after 72 h on-chip culture. We believe that this multifunction-integrated but structure-simplified microfluidic device would largely facilitate cell fusion oriented tasks.
Prospects for improving perennial legume persistence in mixed grazed pastures of south-eastern Australia, with particular reference to white clover
Authors: Hayes R. C. , Ara I. , Badgery W. B. , Culvenor R. A. , Haling R. E. , Harris C. A. , Li G. D. , Norton M. R. , Orgill S. E. , Penrose B. , Smith R. W.
Published: October 2019

This review examines the prospect of improving perennial legume adaptation to grazed mixed pasture swards across the higher-altitude regions of south-eastern Australia through improved management, particularly as it relates to soil fertility. The range of adapted perennial species available to farmers often remains limited to only one perennial forage legume species, white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Despite recent advances in cultivars for increased persistence in dryland environments, white clover remains sensitive to drought with its inherently shallow root system and limited capacity to restrict water loss from herbage. With few alternative species likely to become widely available in the foreseeable future, prospects for extending the boundaries of perennial legume adaptation likely rely on a dual approach of improving soil fertility and further genetic improvement in white clover. Improved soil fertility would focus on overcoming soil acidity and addressing nutrient deficiencies, particularly of phosphorus, potassium, boron and molybdenum, which tend to be more widespread in the target region. Addressing these soil constraints would alleviate periodic moisture stress by: (1) increased water availability through improved infiltration and soil hydraulic properties; (2) increased root growth to maximise exploration of the soil volume; and (3) better maintenance of plant cell structures to foster improved osmotic regulation. However, the extent to which white clover adaption may be extended remains an issue of further research. This review highlights an opportunity for further genetic improvement of white clover by focusing on improving the capacity to recover from periodic droughts through seedling regeneration. Further breeding efforts in white clover should examine the feasibility of selecting for hard seed characteristics more similar to the best-adapted subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) cultivars across this region to promote ongoing seedling regeneration.
Negative Concord and sentential negation in Gallo
Authors: Guilliot Nicolas , Becerra-Zita Samantha
Published: October 2019

The goal of this paper is to get a better
understanding of Negative Concord (NC) in natural language through
the study of Gallo, a Romance language spoken in Brittany. Despite
obvious similarities with respect to Standard French (SF), Gallo
differs from it by integrating sentential negation
pâ/pouin ‘not’ to the NC system. We will first
show that previous analyses of the phenomenon based on specific
properties of n-words (see Déprez (2003, 2016), Zeijlstra (2004, 2010)) fail to account for the difference between Gallo
and SF. Then we will argue for an alternative approach (inspired by
Muller (2010) and
Homer (2013)) based
on properties of sentential negation itself. Finally, we will
propose how to account for inter/intra-individual microvariation of
NC in Gallo.
Point of view on causal clauses
Authors: Charnavel Isabelle
Published: October 2019

This paper uses the case study of French clauses
introduced by parce que ‘because’ and
puisque ‘since’ to argue that causal clauses
are intrinsically perspectival: the causal relation that they
express is established by a causal judge. Perspectival effects in
causal clauses indicate that the referential possibilities of this
judge depend on the structural level of attachment of causal
clauses, which can modify Verb Phrases, Evidential Phrases or Speech
Act Phrases. This supports the hypothesis that the causal judge is
syntactically represented as a silent argument of the causal
subordinator that must be bound within its clause. The presence of
this judge argument explains why logophoric elements can appear in
causal clauses.
From a Romance null subject grammar to a non-null subject
grammar
Authors: Teixeira Joana
Published: October 2019

This study investigates the acquisition of
pronominal subjects by advanced and near-native speakers of English
whose L1s are European Portuguese (EP), a null subject language
(NSL), and French, a non-NSL (NNSL). Two experimental tasks were
used: a drag-and-drop task and a speeded acceptability judgement
task. Results show that the EP speakers who have an advanced level
of English fail to reject expletive and [ animate] null subjects in
the speeded task. In contrast, those who are at a near-native level
behave native-like across all tasks, just as French speakers do.
These findings indicate that the syntax of subjects is acquirable in
L1 NSL-L2 NNSL pairings, despite giving rise to significant
developmental delays. Developmental problems are argued to result
from input misanalysis.
“Brightness” in color linguistics
Authors: Levisen Carsten
Published: October 2019

This chapter scrutinizes the discourse of “brightness” in
color linguistics. Drawing on insights from visual semantics and
linguistic anthropology, and challenging the universal applicability
of “brightness”, the study provides new evidence from Danish. The
chapter provides a new analysis of the lexicogrammar and
linguaculture of lys ‘light, brightness’ in
relation to color. The Natural Semantic Metalanguage approach is
used to provide detailed semantic explications for three grammatical
devices based on lys (lys,
lys-, and lyse-), along with
an analysis of three Danish lys + color compounds
lyserød, lysegrøn, and
lyseblå. Based on the evidence from Danish and
other studies in visual semantics, the chapter calls for a renewed
focus on the non-chromatic aspects of visual meanings, and for a
metalinguistic reform in color linguistics.
Innovations in Semitic color term systems
Authors: Bulakh Maria
Published: October 2019

The article explores the origins of Semitic color terms
for yellow, green, and blue. These fundamental color categories are
missing from the reconstructed proto-Semitic basic color term
system, but their designations were added into basic color term
systems of many daughter languages. This chapter focuses on
derivations from designations of “referent objects” (objects
typically characterized by a certain color and serving as referents
for the designation of this color). Referent objects are further
classified into natural objects (wax for yellow; vegetation, grass,
or leaf for green; sky for blue) and dyes (saffron and turmeric for
yellow; kohl and indigo, or indigo-colored objects for blue; the
chapter also considers ink as a source for designations of
blue-with-green, violet, or black).
Color terms in Basque
Authors: Ibarretxe-Antuñano Iraide
Published: October 2019

This chapter explores the domain of color terms in Basque
from a descriptive, as well as a categorization perspective. The
first part provides an overview of the color system in this
language: its color lexicalization processes and the meanings these
color labels cover. The second part focuses on the results of a
categorization study of color in Basque. The data were retrieved
from 20 native speakers of Basque and elicited using the color
elicitation task as part of the EoSS project at the Max Planck
Institute for Psycholinguistics (Majid et al., 2015). The chapter concludes with a
discussion on the similarities and differences found in the
descriptive and the categorization part.
Color naming in Africa
Authors: Segerer Guillaume , Vanhove Martine
Published: October 2019

This chapter is the first large-scale typological survey
of the lexical means used in African languages to express
color-related meanings. It is based on a very large sample, with
data from 350 languages, most of which come from the
RefLex online lexical database. It focuses on
language-internal semantic sources, morphosyntactic strategies, and
contact-induced terminology used for color naming. After a brief
discussion of the issues raised by “basic” color terms, and
“polychromatic” color terms, the chapter provides a review of the
semantic sources of color terms, the origin of borrowings,
colexifications and metaphorical uses of color terms, main patterns
of lexicalization, and, briefly, color-related ideophones.
Temporal reference in Vietnamese
Authors: Bui Thuy
Published: October 2019

The paper seeks to address gaps in current knowledge regarding cross-linguistic variation on the semantics of tense and aspect by examining how temporal reference is determined in Vietnamese. It is argued that, like St’át’imcets (Matthewson 2006), Vietnamese is a ‘superficially tenseless’ language in the sense that even though the grammar lacks overt tense morphology, every finite clause contains a phonologically empty non-future tense morpheme. I then argue that future tense in Vietnamese realised as a combination both the obligatory null tense morpheme and an overt spell-out of sẽ, which is the Vietnamese counterpart of the English WOLL operator (Abusch 1985). This means that sẽ itself is neither a purely a tense or solely an epistemic modal. Consequently, this study concludes that future time reference is systematically different from present and past time interpretations, which is similar to previous claims made by Abusch (1997), Kratzer (1998), and others.
(In)definiteness of Vietnamese noun phrases
Authors: Đoàn Quý Ngọc Thị , Everaert Martin , Reuland Eric
Published: October 2019

In this contribution we discuss the factors determining the definite or indefinite interpretation of Noun Phrases in Vietnamese. In contrast to what has been claimed in the literature, we find that NPs consisting of a bare noun and NPs consisting of a numeral, a classifier (cl) and a noun, while generally indefinite, may permit a definite interpretation in certain contexts (in contrast to NPs consisting of just a classifier and a noun, which are always definite). We then compare the relevant patterns in Vietnamese with their counterparts in Mandarin and Cantonese. Although the differences may seem striking we show that they can be captured by some simple morpho-syntactic parameters.
Traditional knowledge systems and the role of traditional medicine in Jamaica.
Authors: Picking D. , Delgoda R. , Vandebroek I.
Published: October 2019

Jamaica's national motto 'Out of Many, One People' reflects the country's multiracial past and the historic and ongoing influences that many cultures have had on the country's traditional knowledge systems (TKS) and traditional medicine (TM). This review explores Jamaican TKS and TM, from the earliest indigenous peoples to their use today. Historically, a significant proportion of the Jamaican population has relied on different forms of TM, and today 73% of Jamaicans self-medicate with plant-based medicines on a regular basis. Modern Jamaica effectively has a spectrum of healthcare provision operating between two healthcare systems, western biomedicine and TM, although the latter is often dismissed as lacking western scientific rigour. Crucial to the development of TKS and TM has been the island's abundant flora, including endemic, native and introduced plants, giving rise to a uniquely Jamaican vegetation. Following a declining oral tradition of transmission, Jamaican TKS and TM also face a concurrent loss of biological diversity that forms an indispensable constituent of these systems, making their conservation and protection a priority. Jamaica is poised to develop a natural health products' industry with the potential to contribute to national growth and development. However, for such development to flourish on an equitable basis across Jamaican society requires recognition of TKS, and legislation that protects TKS and the holders of TKS and guarantees fair and equitable sharing of benefits derived from the commercial use of these knowledge systems. At a time when the rights of indigenous peoples internationally are increasingly recognized, it is also important for Afro-descendant communities in the Caribbean and Latin America to achieve better recognition and to be incorporated into the dialogue on traditional, local and indigenous knowledge systems and their contributions to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Larvae of
Cephalopina titillator
(Clark, 1816) (Diptera: Oestridae) causing nasopharyngeal myiasis of camels: an overview.
Authors: Basu A. K. , Charles R. A.
Published: October 2019

In this review article, the authors present an overview on nasopharyngeal myiasis due to the larvae of
Cephalopina titillator
syn.
Cephdopsis titillator
which is found in the nasopharynx of camels, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions in Africa and Asia. Among the parasitic diseases of camel, the larvae of
C. titillator
adversely affect the health of these dromedaries and cause significant economic losses in many camel-producing countries. The prevalence, geographical distribution and life-cycle of the parasite, clinical signs, pathology and treatment due to this parasitic infection have been discussed in this review.
Transfer printing of nanomaterials and microstructures using a wire bonder
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Schröder Stephan , Enrico Alessandro , Kataria Satender , Lemme Max C , Niklaus Frank , Stemme Göran , Roxhed Niclas
Published: October 2019

Scalable and cost-efficient transfer of nanomaterials and microstructures from their original fabrication substrate to a new host substrate is a key challenge for realizing heterogeneously integrated functional systems, such as sensors, photonics, and electronics. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput and versatile integration method utilizing conventional wire bonding tools to transfer-print carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and silicon microstructures. Standard ball stitch wire bonding cycles were used as scalable and high-speed pick-and-place operations to realize the material transfer. Our experimental results demonstrated successful transfer printing of single-walled CNTs (100

m-diameter patches) from their growth substrate to polydimethylsiloxane, parylene, or Au/parylene electrode substrates, and realization of field emission cathodes made of CNTs on a silicon substrate. Field emission measurements manifested excellent emission performance of the CNT electrodes. Further, we demonstrated the utility of a high-speed wire bonder for transfer printing of silicon microstructures (60

m

60

m

20

m) from the original silicon on insulator substrate to a new host substrate. The achieved placement accuracy of the CNT patches and silicon microstructures on the target substrates were within

4

m. These results show the potential of using established and extremely cost-efficient semiconductor wire bonding infrastructure for transfer printing of nanomaterials and microstructures to realize integrated microsystems and flexible electronics.
Manipulation of the two-site Kondo effect in linear CoCunCoCum clusters
Authors: Néel N , Shao B , Wehling T O , Kröger J
Published: October 2019

Artificially assembled linear atomic clusters, CoCu
n
CoCu
m
, are used to explore variations of the Kondo effect at the two Co sites. For all investigated Cu
n
chain lengths (

) the addition of a single Cu atom to one edge Co atom of the chain (

) strongly reduces the amplitude of the Abrikosov–Suhl–Kondo resonance of that Co atom. Concomitantly, the resonance line width is more than halved. On the contrary, the Kondo effect of the opposite edge Co atom remains unaffected. Hybridization together with the linear geometry of the cluster are likely to drive the effect.
Development of size-specific institutional diagnostic reference levels for computed tomography protocols in neck imaging
Authors: Steuwe Andrea , Thomas Christoph , Kraus Bastian , Bethge Oliver Thomas , Aissa Joel , Klosterkemper Yan , Antoch Gerald , Boos Johannes
Published: October 2019

Purpose: To develop size-specific institutional diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for computed tomography (CT) protocols used in neck CT imaging (cervical spine CT, cervical CT angiography (CTA) and cervical staging CT) and to compare institutional to national DRLs. Materials and methods: Cervical CT examinations (spine, n = 609; CTA, n = 505 and staging CT, n = 184) performed between 01/2016 and 06/2017 were included in this retrospective study. For each region and examination, the volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose-length product (DLP) were determined and binned into size bins according to patient water-equivalent diameter (dw). Linear regression analysis was performed to calculate size-specific institutional DRLs for CTDIvol and DLP, applying the 75th percentile as the upper limit for institutional DRLs. The mean institutional CTDIvol and DLP were compared to national DRLs (CTDIvol 20 mGy for cervical spine CT (DLP 300 mGycm) and cervical CTA (DLP 600 mGycm), and CTDIvol 15 mGy for cervical staging CT (DLP 330 mGycm)). Results: The mean CTDIvol and DLP (±standard deviation) were 15.2 ± 4.1 mGy and 181.5 ± 88.3 mGycm for cervical spine CT; 8.1 ± 4.3 mGy and 280.2 ± 164.3 mGycm for cervical CTA; 8.6 ± 1.9 mGy and 162.8 ± 85.0 mGycm for cervical staging CT. For all CT protocols, there was a linear increase in CTDIvol and DLP with increasing dw. For the CTDIvol, size-specific institutional DRLs increased with dw from 14 to 29 mGy for cervical spine CT, from 5 to 17 mGy for cervical CTA and from 8 to 13 mGy for cervical staging CT. For the DLP, size-specific institutional DRLs increased with dw from 130 to 510 mGycm for cervical spine CT, from 140 to 640 mGycm for cervical CTA and from 140 to 320 mGycm for cervical staging CT. Institutional DRLs were lower than national DRLs by 81% and 67% for cervical spine CT (dw = 17.8 cm), 43% and 51% for cervical CTA (dw = 19.5 cm) and 59% and 53% for cervical staging CT (dw = 18.8 cm) for CTDIvol and DLP, respectively. Conclusion: Size-specific institutional DRLs were generated for neck CT examinations. The mean institutional CTDIvol and DLP values were well below national DRLs.
Pre- and post-selection paradoxes in quantum walks
Authors: Kopyciuk T , Lewandowski M , Kurzyński P
Published: October 2019

Many features of single-partite quantum walks can be simulated by classical waves. However, it was recently experimentally shown that some temporal sequences of measurements on a quantum walker do not admit a classical description in terms of macro-realistic theories. Here, we extend this observation and present pre- and post-selection scenarios in quantum walks leading to logical paradoxes. Such paradoxes were recently shown to be equivalent to proofs of contextuality, therefore we provide an additional argument for non-classicality of a quantum walk model. The assumptions behind the claims of non-classicality (including contextuality and violations of macro-realism) are also discussed.
Kármán vortex street in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate
Authors: Li Xiao-Lin , Yang Xue-Ying , Tang Na , Song Lin , Zhou Zhi-Kun , Zhang Juan , Shi Yu-Ren
Published: October 2019

Vortex shedding from a moving obstacle potential in a two-component Bose–Einstein condensate is investigated numerically. For a miscible two-component condensate composed of 23Na and 87Rb atoms, in the wake of obstacle, the Kármán vortex street is discovered in one component, while the Kármán-like vortex street named ‘half-quantum vortex street’ is formed in another component. The other patterns of vortex shedding, such as the vortex dipoles, V-shaped vortex pairs and corresponding ‘half-quantum vortex shedding’, can also be found. The drag force acting on obstacle potential is calculated and discussed. The parameter region for various vortex patterns and critical velocity for vortex emission are presented. In addition, a 85Rb–87Rb mixture is also considered, where the Kármán vortex street and other typical patterns exist in both components. Finally, we provide an experimental protocol for the above realization and observation.
Hermiticity-tunable beam reshaping: localization, recurrence and group velocity oscillation
Authors: Ji Kaiwen , Liu Zhenjuan , Dai Yanan , Gao Yuanmei , Wang YiShan , Bai Jintao , Zhang Guoquan , Qi Xinyuan
Published: October 2019

We propose a novel method to reshape the light beam in a Hermiticity-tunable photonic lattice with PT symmetric perturbations. By adjusting the PT perturbations, the Hermiticity of the system varies alternatively, further resulting in the periodic oscillations of the group velocity (v
g) as well as the group velocity dispersion (GVD). Once the values of v
g and its corresponding GVD recover and the averaged group velocity (

v

¯

g

) is zero, the light beam will be localized and recur at these Hermitian points. Further study indicates that GVD plays a key role in the evolution of the light beam, larger positive dispersion [Re(GVD)] and lower magnitude of Im(GVD) lead to higher peak energy of the light field. Our work provides a non-resonant way to control the light propagation and to reshape the group velocity distribution, which may have promising applications in all-optical circuit, optical sensor and optical communications.
Evidence for a universal Fermi-liquid scattering rate throughout the phase diagram of the copper-oxide superconductors
Authors: Barišić N , Chan M K , Veit M J , Dorow C J , Ge Y , Li Y , Tabis W , Tang Y , Yu G , Zhao X , Greven M
Published: October 2019

The phase diagram of the cuprate superconductors continues to pose formidable scientific challenges. While these materials are typically viewed as doped Mott insulators, it is well known that they are Fermi liquids at high hole-dopant concentrations. It was recently demonstrated that at moderate doping, in the pseudogap (PG) region of the phase diagram, the charge carriers are also best described as a Fermi liquid. Nevertheless, the relationship between the two Fermi-liquid (FL) regions and the nature of the strange-metal (SM) state at intermediate doping have remained unsolved. Here we show for the case of the model cuprate superconductor HgBa2CuO4+δ
that the normal-state transport scattering rate determined from the cotangent of the Hall angle remains quadratic in temperature across the PG temperature, upon entering the SM state, and that it is doping-independent below optimal doping. Analysis of prior transport results for other cuprates reveals that this behavior is universal throughout the entire phase diagram and points to a pervasive FL transport scattering rate. These observations can be reconciled with a variety of other experimental results for the cuprates upon considering the possibility that the PG phenomenon is associated with the gradual, non-uniform localization of one hole per planar CuO2 unit.
Electron beam absorption in 3D-printed polymer samples with different infill densities
Authors: Bulavskaya A (Krasnykh) , Danilova I , Dontsov Y , Cherepennikov Y , Miloichikova I , Stuchebrov S
Published: October 2019

In this work, we study the efficiency of electron absorption by the plastic samples produced using 3D printing with different infill densities. We investigate the influence of the print layer orientation relative to the electron beam axis on the radiation dose distribution. It is possible to produce plastic samples with different infill by fused deposition modelling. Ten polymer test samples with the infill density ranging from 10% to 100% are printed and studied experimentally using a 6 MeV electron beam of an MIB-6E betatron. GafChromic EBT3 films are used for the dose measurement. When the infill is above 70%, the difference of dose distribution uniformity cannot be distinguished for the two print layer orientations. Therefore, these samples can be used for electron beam formation.
Understanding the decarbonisation of housing: Wales as a case study
Authors: Green E , Lannon S , Patterson J , Variale F , Iorwerth H
Published: October 2019

International targets requiring UK nations to reduce carbon emissions by at least 80% of 1990 levels by 2050 were made obsolete in 2019. The Climate Change Act now commits UK government to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by at least 100% of 1990 levels by 2050. This includes more stringent emissions targets for the devolved administrations. Welsh Government is responsible for the delivery of decarbonisation in Wales. The Welsh housing stock, among the oldest and least efficient in Europe, produces 21% of national carbon emissions. The CCC report recommends that Wales target no less than a 95% reduction in carbon emissions by 2050. This research explores how policy could deliver this scale of emissions reduction, by predicting the impact of established and emerging ‘best practice’ retrofit solutions on the existing housing stock. Fourteen recurring dwelling ‘types’ are identified within the Welsh housing stock (based on physical metrics, condition and tenure) using large data sets. Appropriate retrofit ‘narratives’ are established and then simulated for each of the fourteen dwelling types. Their impact is measured in terms of capital cost, primary energy use, fuel bills, and carbon emissions. By exploring the impact of a range of approaches to retrofit, and by considering different scenarios for clean energy supply, this research has informed the ongoing development of a route map for delivering decarbonisation targets in Wales.