bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Lipid Levels, Body Mass Index, and Their Role in Coronary Artery Calcification
Authors: van Setten Jessica , Išgum Ivana , Pechlivanis Sonali , Tragante Vinicius , de Jong Pim A. , Smolonska Joanna , Platteel Mathieu , Hoffmann Per , Oudkerk Matthijs , de Koning Harry J. , Nöthen Markus M. , Moebus Susanne , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Viergever Max A. , Mali Willem P.Th.M. , de Bakker Paul I.W.
Published: January 2015

Background—

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is widely regarded as a cumulative lifetime measure of atherosclerosis, but it remains unclear what is the relationship between calcification and traditional risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI). This study characterizes the genetic architecture of CAC by evaluating the overall impact of common alleles associated with CAD/MI and its traditional risk factors.

Methods and Results—

On the basis of summary-association results from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D study of CAD/MI, we calculated polygenic risk scores in 2599 participants of the Dutch and Belgian Lung Cancer Screening (NELSON) trial, in whom quantitative CAC levels (Agatston scores) were determined from chest computerized tomographic imaging data. The most significant polygenic model explained ≈14% of the observed CAC variance (
P
=1.6×10
–11
), which points to a residual effect because of many as yet unknown loci that overlap between CAD/MI and CAC. In addition, we constructed risk scores based on published single-nucleotide polymorphism associations for traditional cardiovascular risk factors and tested these scores for association with CAC. We found nominally significant associations for genetic risk scores of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and body mass index, which were successfully replicated in 2182 individuals of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study.

Conclusions—

Pervasive polygenic sharing between CAC and CAD/MI suggests that a substantial fraction of the heritable risk for CAD/MI is mediated through arterial calcification. We also provide evidence that genetic variants associated with serum lipid levels and body mass index influence CAC levels.
Association Between Use of Statins and Outcomes in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Alehagen Urban , Benson Lina , Edner Magnus , Dahlström Ulf , Lund Lars H.
Published: January 2015

Background—

In heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction, randomized trials of statins did not demonstrate improved outcomes. However, randomized trials may not always be generalizable. The aim was to determine whether statins are associated with improved outcomes in an unselected nationwide population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction overall and in relation to ischemic heart disease (IHD).

Methods and Results—

In the Swedish Heart Failure Registry, 21 864 patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (age ± SD, 72±12 years; 29% women), of whom 10 345 (47%) were treated with statins, were studied. Propensity scores for statin use were derived from 42 baseline variables. The associations between statin use and outcomes were assessed with Cox regressions in a population matched 1:1 based on propensity score and age and in the overall population with adjustment for propensity score and age. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes were cardiovascular mortality; HF hospitalization; and combined all-cause mortality or cardiovascular hospitalization. Survival at 1 year in the matched population was 83% for statin-treated versus 79% for untreated patients (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval, 0.76–0.86;
P
<0.001). In the unmatched population, 1-year survival was 85% for statin-treated versus 79% for untreated patients, hazard ratio after adjustment for propensity score and age was 0.84 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–0.89;
P
<0.001). No examined baseline variables interacted with statin use except for IHD (
P
=0.001), with a hazard ratio of 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.82,
P
<0.001) with IHD and 0.95 (95% confidence interval, 0.85–1.07;
P
=0.430 without IHD. Statin use was also associated with reduced risk for all 3 secondary outcomes.

Conclusions—

In an unselected nationwide population of patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction, statins were associated with improved outcomes, specifically in the presence of IHD. This contrasts with previous randomized controlled trials. Additional randomized controlled trials with more generalized inclusion or focused on IHD may be warranted.
Comparative Effectiveness of Standard Care With IV Thrombolysis Versus Without IV Thrombolysis for Mild Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Choi Jay Chol , Jang Min Uk , Kang Kyusik , Park Jong‐Moo , Ko Youngchai , Lee Soo‐Joo , Cha Jae‐Kwan , Kim Dae‐Hyun , Park Sang Soon , Park Tai Hwan , Lee Kyung Bok , Lee Jun , Kim Joon‐Tae , Cho Ki‐Hyun , Yu Kyung‐Ho , Oh Mi‐Sun , Lee Byung‐Chul , Cho Yong‐Jin , Kim Dong‐Eog , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee‐Joon
Published: January 2015

Background

One third of patients presenting with initially mild strokes have unfavorable outcomes, and the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (
IVT
) in this population has not been proven. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of standard care with
IVT
versus without
IVT
in mild stroke patients.

Methods and Results

Using a multicenter stroke registry database, we identified patients with acute ischemic stroke who presented within 4.5 hours of symptom onset and had initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores ≤5. Multivariable logistic analysis and propensity score matching were used to adjust for baseline imbalances between the patients who did and did not receive
IVT
. Adjusted odds ratios and 95%
CI
s of
IVT
were estimated for 3‐month modified Rankin Scale scores of 0 to 1 and symptomatic. Of 13 117 patients with stroke who were hospitalized between April 2008 and May 2012, 1386 met the eligibility criteria, and 194 (14.0%) were treated with
IVT
. For a modified Rankin Scale of 0 to 1 at 3 months, the adjusted odds ratios were 1.96 (95%
CI
, 1.28 to 3.00;
P
=0.002) by multivariable logistic analysis and 1.68 (1.10 to 2.56;
P
=0.02) by propensity score matching analysis, respectively. There was a statistically nonsignificant excess of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation (odds ratios=3.76 [0.95 to 16.42;
P
=0.06] and 4.81 [0.84 to 49.34;
P
=0.09]), respectively.

Conclusions

In this observational registry‐based study, standard care with
IVT
is more effective than not receiving
IVT
in mild ischemic stroke patients, and there is a statistically nonsignificant risk of symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation.
A review of the hyperiidean amphipod genus Hyperoche Bovallius, 1887 (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Hyperiidea: Hyperiidae), with the description of a new genus to accommodate H. shihi Gasca, 2005
Authors: ZEIDLER WOLFGANG
Published: January 2015

This is the first comprehensive review of the genus Hyperoche since that of Bovallius (1889). This study is based primarily on the extensive collections of the ZMUC but also on more recent collections in other institutions. Seven valid species are recognised in this review, including one described as new to science. Two new characters were discovered; the first two pereonites are partially or wholly fused dorsally and the coxa of pereopod 7 is fused with the pereonite. These two new characters, combined with the knife-shaped carpus of the gnathopoda and the laminate mandibular molar, help to further distinguish this genus amongst the Hyperiidea. Partly as a result of establishing these distinctive characters, a new genus, Prohyperia gen. nov. is proposed for H. shihi Gasca, 2005 because it has characters not consistent with Hyperoche or the closely related genus Hyperia, to which it also bears some resemblance. Hyperoche medusarum and H. luetkenides, although morphologically similar, are considered separate species, with H. medusarum restricted to the colder waters of the northern Hemisphere and H. luetkenides to the Southern Ocean and Antarctic waters. Hyperoche cryptodactylus, still only known from the unique type, is considered a synonym of H. luetkenides because the character distinguishing it, the retractile dactyl of gnathopod 2, also occurs in some specimens of H. luetkenides and has also been found in other species of Hyperoche. Some specimens also have some pereopoda with partly or wholly retracted dactyls, although there is no pattern to the occurrence. In addition to the above the following species are also considered valid, H. martinezii, H. mediterranea and H. picta, found mainly in the tropical and temperate regions of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and H. capucinus, restricted to the region between the Antarctic Polar Front and the Antarctic Continent. One new species, H. macrocephalus sp. nov., is described from the tropical eastern Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. All species are described and illustrated and a key is provided to facilitate their identification.
New and little known species of the genus Songius (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in China
Authors: YIN ZI-WEI , LI Li-Zhen
Published: January 2015

Two new species of the myrmecophilous genus Songius, S. kiwi new species (from Guangxi, southern China), and S. pseudohlavaci new species (from Hunan, central China), are described and illustrated. Additional collection records for S. lasiuohospes and S. hlavaci, as well as an identification key to the species, are given.
Two new marine Gastrotricha from the Indian Ocean coast of South Africa
Authors: TODARO M. ANTONIO , PERISSINOTTO RENZO , BOWNES SARAH J.
Published: January 2015

The study is part of a larger research programme aimed at shedding light on the gastrotrich communities of the subtropical east coast province of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. In previous papers, faunistic and preliminary taxonomic data on marine and freshwater gastrotrichs found in the iSimangaliso Wetland Park, were reported. Here two new interesting marine macrodasyidan species in the families Dactylopodolidae and Thaumastodermatidae are described based on observations carried out on living specimens and using differential interference contrast microscopy. The two novel species are named in honor of two great South African icons recently deceased: Nadine Gordimer and Nelson Mandela. Dactylopodola nadine sp. n. is the third species in the genus to bear red eye-spots; it can easily be distinguished from the closely-related red-eyed D. baltica and D. roscovita by its smaller size (Total length = 230 μm vs 275 μm vs 450 μm, respectively) and the lower number of adhesive tubes of the anterior, lateral and posterior series (on each side: 3, 4 and 4 vs 5, 6 and 8 vs 2, 9 and 12–15). Pseudostomella mandela sp. n. is a fairly large species (up to 481 μm in length), with a cuticular covering made up of tetrancres and relatively long caudal pedicles (up to 44 μm in length ). The most evident autoapomorphic trait of the new species is the presence of 7 pairs of ‘cirrata’ tubes, two emerging in a lateral position along the pharyngeal region and five from the dorsolateral sides of the trunk. Additional relevant taxonomic characters include: 4 tubes of the anterior series, 11 tubes of the ventrolateral series and 3 tubes of the posterior series per side, 5 papillae on the dorsal margin and 6 papillae on the ventral margin of the oral palps. The high number of putative new species discovered among the South African gastrotrich fauna during our relatively short survey, highlights the relevance of this region with regard to the diversity of this group and stresses once again the importance of investigating new geographic areas in order to improve our understanding of global gastrotrich biodiversity and species richness.
The genus Apterogyna Latreille, 1809 in Egypt, with three new species (Hymenoptera: Bradynobaenidae: Apterogyninae)
Authors: SOLIMAN AHMED M. , GADALLAH NEVEEN S. , AL-SHAHAT AHMED M. , PAGLIANO G.
Published: January 2015

The genus Apterogyna Latreille is reviewed from Egypt, based on specimens collected from Wadi Digla (Cairo), Saint Catherine (South Sinai) and those deposited in Egyptian and Italian insect collections as well as recorded data from the literature. Five Apterogyna species were previously recorded from Egypt: A. grandii Invrea, A. latreillei Klug, A. mickeli Giner Marí, A. mocsaryi André, and A. olivieri Latreille. Three new species Apterogyna flavicapillata Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov. (South Sinai), A. oshaibahi Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov. (Wadi Digla), and A. similis Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov. (Giza) are described and illustrated. An illustrated key of eight Egyptian species of Apterogyna is given.
A new species of Pachyseius Berlese (Acari: Pachylaelapidae) from South Siberia (Russia), with a key to the species known from Asia
Authors: MARCHENKO IRINA I.
Published: January 2015

Pachyseius anisimovi sp. nov. is described based on specimens from soil and litter in the Altai Mountains and the West and East Sayan Mountains in South Siberia, Russia. A key to ten Pachyseius species known from Asia is provided.
A new marine nematode genus Pseudoplatycoma with a new species from
the Sulu Sea and revision of the subfamily Platycominae (Enoplida: Leptosomatidae)
Authors: CHEN CHENG-ANN
Published: January 2015

The nematode Pseudoplatycoma malaysianis n. gen. n. sp. is described from the Sulu Sea (Malaysia). The new genus is classified in the subfamily Platycominae Platonova 1976. Revision of the new genus and four other genera in Platycominae, resulted in four species from the genus Platycomopsis being transferred to other genera: P. dimorphica and P. mazjatzavi to the genus Platycoma; P. effilata to the genus Micoletzkyia; and P. gibbonensis to the genus Anticoma. Pilosinema is regarded as a asynonym of Platycomopsis and Platycomopsis paracobbi is regarded as a synonym for P. cobbi. A key for identification of the genera and species of Platycominae is presented.
On the Lathrobium fauna of the Donggong Mountains, eastern China
Authors: Peng Zhong , Li Qi-Li , Shen Liang , Gu Fu-Kang
Published: January 2015

Material of the paederine genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from the Donggong Mountains, eastern China, is examined. Fifteen species are identified, seven of them described previously and eight undescribed. Seven species are described and illustrated for the first time, all of them micropterous and locally endemic: L. haoae Peng & Li sp. n., L. songi Peng & Li sp. n., L. yui Peng & Li sp. n., L. fengyangense Peng & Li sp. n., L. liyangense Peng & Li sp. n., L. mu Peng & Li sp. n. and L. yani Peng & Li sp. n. One probably undescribed species remains unnamed. The female sexual characters of L. baishanzuense Peng & Li, 2012 and L. zhui Peng & Li, 2014 are described and illustrated for the first time. Including the new taxa, 196 Lathrobium species are currently known from mainland China.
A new species of Tophoderes Dejean from northern Madagascar with a checklist of the species (Coleoptera: Anthribidae)
Authors: TRÝZNA MILOŠ , BAŇAŘ PETR
Published: January 2015

A new species, Tophoderes lidmilae Trýzna & Baňař sp. nov., from north Madagascar is described. Male genitalia are studied and illustrated and colour photographs of both sexes are added. A comparison with the most similar known species T. frenatus (Klug, 1833) is provided. A checklist of species of the Madagascan genus Tophoderes (Anthribidae: Anthribinae: Tophoderini) is provided.
A new species of Philoscirtus (Orthoptera: Phaneropteridae: Mecopodinae) from the West Usambara Mountains of Tanzania and its conservation status
Authors: HEMP CLAUDIA , HELLER KLAUS-GERHARD , WARCHAŁOWSKA-ŚLIWA ELŻBIETA , HEMP ANDREAS
Published: January 2015

A new Philoscirtus species, P. viridulus n. sp. from forests of the West Usambara Mountains is described and the genus revised. Both species of the genus are known from few localities only. Their habitats are under pressure due to an increasing human population in the East and West Usambara Mountains. Both taxa should be included thus in the IUCN red list of globally threatened taxa to attract more attention to the importance of small forest patches. The biogeographical distribution of species from West Usambaran forests is discussed indicating on one hand that there must have been isolating mechanisms within the West Usambara Mountains and that part of the observed biodiversity in flightless Orthoptera is due to speciation processes not older than approximately 2 million years.
A contribution to knowledge of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) from Kazakhstan with description of one new species
Authors: NAKLÁDAL OTO , HÁVA JIŘÍ
Published: January 2015

Research on skin beetles of tugai forests with use of passive window traps was performed in Almaty region in Kazakhstan in 2013. Ctesias (Decemctesias) yuliyae sp. nov. is described, illustrated, and compared with similar species of the genus Ctesias subgenus Decemctesias Háva, 2004. The new species differs by the structure of antennae and male genitalia. Eighteen other dermestid species from Kazakhstan were also recorded in this study.
Деантропонимные топонимы белорусско-польского пограничья
Authors: Гурская [Hurskaia] Юлия [IUliia]
Published: January 2015

Deantroponymic names in the Belarusian-Polish frontierThe article analyzes deantroponymic toponyms of Grodno land, recorded in written materials of 15th – 17th centuries in comparison with current data. The origin, structure and evolution of the areal features of Slavic and Baltic names are investigated to conform the language, cultural and historical features of the region.From the historical and etymological point of view different time strata can be allocated. An extensive group was formed by oikonyms of the Baltic and Slavic origin, derived from personal names and nicknames of appellative character. A significant part in the oikonyms group is the group based on foreign-language Christian names. The third group includes settlement names, derived from the ancient complex Indo-European names. The fourth group consists of hybrid of Balto-Slavic names; a typical feature of which is the reconstruction of a Slavic-Baltic bases, which corresponds to the chronology of the development of this territory.Baltic names in the investigated territory, in the form of phonetic and morphological substitution, are the evidence of close Balto-Slavic linguistic and cultural contacts. Many oikonyms of Baltic origin are preserved in the investigated territory as part of modern Belarusian surnames. Nazwy toponimiczne pochodzące od antroponimów na pograniczu białorusko-polskimArtykuł analizuje toponimy pochodzące od antroponimów na ziemi grodzieńskiej, odnotowane w materiałach piśmiennych od XV do XVII w. i porównuje je z aktualnymi danymi. Celem określenia językowych, kulturowych i historycznych uwarunkowań tego regionu zbadano strukturę i ewolucję przestrzenną cech nazw słowiańskich i bałtyckich.Z historycznego i etymologicznego punktu widzenia można wyznaczyć różne okresy. Liczną grupę tworzą ojkonimy pochodzenia bałtyckiego i słowiańskiego, tworzone od nazw osobowych i przydomków o charakterze apelatywnym. Znaczna część ojkonimów wywodzi się od obcojęzycznych imion chrześcijańskich. Trzecia grupa obejmuje nazwy osad, pochodzące od złożonych nazw indoeuropejskich. Na grupę czwartą składają się hybrydy nazw bałto-słowiańskich, zrekonstruowane od podstaw słowiańsko-bałtyckich, odpowiadające stosunkom etnicznym i historii osadnictwa na badanym obszarze. Nazwy bałtyckie na badanym terytorium, w formie substytucji fonetycznej i morfologicznej, dowodzą bliskich bałto-słowiańskich kontaktów językowych i kulturalnych. Liczne ojkonimy pochodzenia bałtyckiego zachowały się na badanym terytorium jako element występujący we współczesnych nazwiskach białoruskich.
O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim
Authors: Rutkowska Krystyna
Published: January 2015

About layers of lexis of Lithuanian origins in the Ignalina–Zarasai regionIn this study lexical lithuanisms were analysed, functioning in the Ignalina–Zarasai area, on the Lithuanian–Latvian–Belarussian borderland. Lithuanian proceeds on Slavic dialect have an ancient history, which can be associated with a period, dated quite early based on sources of language. Studying Lithuanian vocabulary in these dialects, the dynamics of influences can be observed simultaneously, as contacts between Lithuanian and other dialects existed in this area for a long time.  Therefore, several layers of lithuanisms, differentiated based on time and manner of borrowing, can be distinguished: a) a layer of borrowings with a wide range, shared by many language groups, certified in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages; b) a layer of contact lithuanisms, certified in the border zone of Lithuania and the Polish language, dialects occurring in Belarus, also in the Russian dialects of Old Believers; this vocabulary can have a wider range of occurrence or be listed within a single language area, for example only in the Ignalina–Zarasai or Vilnius region; c) borrowings with the rank of infiltration, resulting from active contacts with the Lithuanian language and dialects. O warstwach leksyki pochodzenia litewskiego na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskimW niniejszym opracowaniu poddano analizie lituanizmy leksykalne, funkcjonujące na obszarze ignalińsko-jezioroskim, znajdującym się na pograniczu litewsko-łotewsko-białoruskim. Wpływy litewskie na gwary słowiańskie mają tu dawną historię – w dostępnych źródłach językowych pojawiają się dość wcześnie. Badając leksykę litewską w analizowanych gwarach, można jednocześnie obserwować dynamikę tych wpływów, bowiem kontakt z językiem litewskim trwał na tym terenie nieustannie. Zanotowane lituanizmy dają się podzielić na kilka grup w zależności od okresu i sposobu zapożyczenia: a) warstwę zapożyczeń o szerokim zasięgu, wspólną wielu zespołom językowym, poświadczoną w języku polskim, rosyjskim, ukraińskim i białoruskim; b) warstwę lituanizmów kontaktowych, poświadczonych w pasie przygranicznym z Litwą i występującej polszczyźnie i w gwarach białoruskich, też w rosyjskich gwarach staroobrzędowców; słownictwo to może mieć szerszy zasięg występowania lub być notowane w obrębie jednego obszaru językowego, np. tylko na terenie ignalińsko-jezioroskim lub wileńskim; c) zapożyczeń mających rangę infiltracji, wynikających z czynnych kontaktów z językiem i gwarami litewskimi.
Osobliwe analityzmy słownikowe i frazeologizmy w polskojęzycznej wileńskiej prasie międzywojennej. (Na materiale „Kuriera Wileńskiego”)
Authors: Joachimiak-Prażanowska Joanna
Published: January 2015

Specific dictionary analytisms and idiomatic phrases in the Polish interwar Vilnius press (on the basis of the “Kurier Wileński”)This article presents specific dictionary analytisms and idiomatic phrases used in the Polish language of Kurier Wileński in the interwar period.I have found 50 dictionary analytisms (7 citations included) and 5 idioms (1 citation included).Amongst specific analytisms the Russicisms  dominate: 31 items. Older Polish vocabulary creates a large group: 10 items. Six out of these phrases stand for recessive elements, four – are a part of obsolete lexis. One ephemeral unit (narzędzia moczowe) and one regionalism (skład apteczny) have appeared.The genesis of 5 unique idiomatic phrases excerpted from Kurier Wileński is shown in a following way: 3 Russicisms, 1 Ukrainian or Bielarusian borrowing (duby smalone), 1 idiomatic phrase of an unknown origin (ruszać się jak mucha w śmietanie).The textual frequency of appearance of all the collected peculiar lexical phenomena was in total 81 examples.As the analysis denoted, in the second decade of the period between the Wars the language of the editors of Kurier Wileński was less saturated with uniqueness than in the first ten years after the First World War. It could be – yet in the weak form – the result of contact of the Vilnius Region with ethnic Poland lands within one country. Osobliwe analityzmy słownikowe i frazeologizmy w polskojęzycznej wileńskiej prasie międzywojennej. (Na materiale „Kuriera Wileńskiego”)W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono osobliwe analityzmy słownikowe i frazeologizmy funkcjonujące w polszczyźnie „Kuriera Wileńskiego” w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym.Z badanej gazety wyekscerpowano łącznie 50 analityzmów słownikowych (w tym 7 cytatów) i 5 frazeologizmów (w tym 1 cytat).W grupie osobliwych analityzmów dominują rusycyzmy: 31 jednostek. Stosunkowo licznie reprezentowane jest starsze słownictwo ogólnopolskie: 10 jednostek. Sześć spośród nich to elementy recesywne, 4 leksemy należą zaś do leksyki przestarzałej. W badanym dzienniku napotkano 1 jednostkę efemeryczną (narzędzia moczowe) oraz 1 regionalizm (skład apteczny).Geneza 5 osobliwych frazeologizmów wynotowanych z KW przedstawia się następująco: 3 rusycyzmy, 1 ukrainizm lub białorutenizm (duby smalone), 1 frazeologizm o niejasnym pochodzeniu (ruszać się jak mucha w śmietanie).Frekwencja tekstowa wszystkich zgromadzonych osobliwych jednostek leksykalnych była niewielka i wynosiła łącznie 81 wystąpień.Jak wykazała analiza, w drugim dziesięcioleciu okresu międzywojennego język redaktorów KW był nieco mniej nasycony osobliwościami niż w pierwszych latach po I wojnie światowej. Mógł to być – słaby jeszcze – efekt zbliżenia Wileńszczyzny z Polską etniczną w granicach jednego państwa.
Deprefiksacja czasownikowa w języku litewskim
Authors: Ostrowski Norbert Ireneusz
Published: January 2015

Back-formation in the history of the Lithuanian prefixal verbsThis paper discusses the development of several Lithuanian prefixal verbs (su-bradžióti ‘to do a wrong thing’, iš-skìlti ‘to strike spark’, at-vérti / už-vérti ‘to open / to close’, iš-réikšti ‘to express’, ap-àkti ‘to go blind’) and their relation to simplex forms (bradžióti ‘wade; do a wrong thing’, skìlti ‘to strike spark’, vérti ‘to thread; to prick; to open; to close’, réikšti ‘to express, to mean’, àkti ‘to go blind’). What these forms have in common is deprefixation, a kind of retrograde derivation exemplified by subradžióti → bradžióti. Deprefiksacja czasownikowa w języku litewskimArtykuł omawia rozwój kilku czasowników prefigowanych w języku litewskim (su-bradžióti ‘czynić źle’, iš-skìlti ‘rozpalać ogień’, at-vérti / už-vérti ‘otwierać / zamykać’, iš-réikšti ‘wyrażać coś, znaczyć’, ap-àkti ‘oślepnąć’) oraz ich stosunek do form nieprefigowanych (bradžióti ‘brodzić; postępować źle’, skìlti ‘rozpalać ogień’, vérti ‘nawlekać; przebijać; otwierać; zamykać’, réikšti ‘wyrażać; mieć znaczenie’, àkti ‘ślepnąć’). Cechą wspólną omawianej grupy jest deprefiksacja, rodzaj derywacji wstecznej ilustrowanej przez parę su-bradžióti → bradžióti. W jej wyniku czasownik nieprefigowany rozszerza swój zasób znaczeń o nowe pojęcie, pierwotnie ograniczone tylko do czasownika przedrostkowego.
Biografia nieobecna. Wokół życia i twórczości Ireneusza Plater-Zyberka
Authors: Zawisza Robert
Published: January 2015

An Absent Biography. About the life and work of Ireneusz Plater-ZyberkIreneusz Plater-Zyberk (1896–1946), was a writer and a film producer, adventurer and gallant. His life is an incredible story of the disabled individual who succeeded in an amazing career. Plater-Zyberk was born in a wealthy landowning family who lived at the estate of Vabole in Latvia. He was born without hands and at that time, due to his disability, was classified as "margins of society." Thanks to perseverance and commitment of his mother, he graduated as an extern student from high school in Warsaw, Poland. His career  includes Life without Hands, memories,  and two novels. He was a co-author of first movie in Poland with stunt effects Dead Node (1927), which unfortunately wasn’t preserved. Also, he was recognized as a documentary creator as well as an initiator of film production regulations. Biografia nieobecna. Wokół życia i twórczości Ireneusza Plater-ZyberkaIreneusz Plater-Zyberk (1896 lub 1897–1946) był literatem i twórcą filmowym, nieco awanturnikiem i bawidamkiem. Jego postać to niezwykły przykład niepełnosprawnego, który osiągnął w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym znaczącą karierę. Ireneusz Plater-Zyberk pochodził z zamożnej rodziny ziemiańskiej, zamieszkałej w majątku Wabol na Łotwie. Urodził się bez rąk i w ówczesnej rzeczywistości miał pozostać na marginesie społeczeństwa. Dzięki wytrwałości matki udało mu się ukończyć jako ekstern gimnazjum w Warszawie. W swoim dorobku ma wspomnienia Życie bez rąk oraz dwie powieści. Ważną rolę odegrał Plater jako scenarzysta i reżyser, był m.in. współtwórcą pierwszego polskiego filmu z efektami kaskaderskimi „Martwy węzeł” (1927). Miał on również ogromne zasługi jako twórca filmów dokumentalnych i jednocześnie inspirator zmian w prawodawstwie dotyczącym produkcji filmowej. Tłem jego twórczości pisarskiej jest burzliwe i pełne przygód życie osobiste, romanse i popełniony mezalians, które z racji kalectwa były traktowane przez społeczność ziemiańską pobłażliwie i z dużą wyrozumiałością.
Ewa Golachowska, "Jak mówić do Pana Boga? Wielojęzyczność katolików na Białorusi na przełomie XX i XXI wieku". Instytut Slawistyki PAN, Wydawnictwo Agade, Warszawa 2012, ss. 189
Authors: Ostrówka Małgorzata Maria
Published: January 2015

The subject of the review is a book of Ewa Golachowska How to talk to God? The book is a report from the field. The author moves on the issue of distribution of functional languages spoken by Catholics in Belarus (Polish, Belarusian, Russian) in cross-generational. The book also includes texts that are a record of living speech of Catholics of all generations of Belarusian sites. They document important and dramatic events in the history of the Catholic Church in Belarus and the fate of his faithful, as well as the local Polish language, which goes along with its users.
Multiculturalism, Mauritian Style
Authors: Ng Tseung-Wong Caroline , Verkuyten Maykel
Published: January 2015

Multiculturalism is on the retreat in many Western countries. As an ideology, it is criticized for failing to engender national belonging and social cohesion and thereby to encourage groups of citizens to have parallel lives. In this article, we present the case of Mauritius that is often viewed as a successful plural society. We discuss the conditions that are conducive to a working multiculturalism in Mauritius as well as the challenges. We use empirical findings from our relatively large-scale survey research among adolescents from the three main ethnic groups (i.e., Hindus, Creoles, Muslims). The metaphorical representation of the nation as a rainbow or fruit salad means that cultural diversity forms part of the national self-image, but within a secular state where individual rights prevail. Our findings show that all participants reported strong and compatible national, ethnic, and religious group identifications and that dual identity was the most chosen identity option. Furthermore, intergroup relations tended to be positive but there was a strong preference for ethnic endogamy. Additionally, there were social psychological processes that work against harmonious intergroup relations. The article concludes by discussing what can be learned from Mauritian style multiculturalism.
Procalcitonin in the assessment of bacteraemia in emergency department patients: results of a large retrospective study
Authors: Kim So-Young , Jeong Tae Dong , Lee Woochang , Chun Sail , Min Won-Ki
Published: January 2015

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of procalcitonin in the assessment of bacteraemia in patients in the emergency department, both alone and in conjunction with existing inflammatory markers of bacterial infection.

Methods

We enrolled 3305 cases (range 20–90 years) for which we retrospectively compared procalcitonin concentration, blood culture results, body temperature, absolute neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein concentration. The positive predictive value and the negative predictive value of procalcitonin were established at different cut-off concentrations. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the areas under the ROC curves calculated, to allow assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of (a) a combination of three existing inflammatory markers of bacterial infection (body temperature, C-reactive protein, absolute neutrophil count), and (b) this combination with procalcitonin.

Results

Positive predictive values of procalcitonin using 0.1, 1, 2, and 5 ng/mL as the cut-off values were 21.2, 32.2, 34.2, and 37.0%, respectively. Negative predictive values of procalcitonin using 0.1, 1, 2, and 5 ng/mL as the cut-off values were 95.1, 92.2, 91.1, and 89.0%, respectively. Areas under the curve of three inflammatory markers (absolute neutrophil count, C-reactive protein, and body temperature) combined was 0.879; areas under the curve of these markers combined with procalcitonin was 0.932 ( p = 0.018).

Conclusions

When procalcitonin is used as a serum marker for ruling out bacteraemia, a cut-off of 0.1 ng/mL may be used. Procalcitonin improves the diagnostic accuracy of existing markers of bacteraemia.
Luther Blissett and Wu Ming: The end of history?
Authors: Waters Sandra
Published: January 2015

This article discusses the historical novels Q ( Blissett, 2000 ) and 54 ( Wu, 2002 ) by group authors Luther Blissett and Wu Ming. At first glance Q demonstrates the ideological and narrative achievements of the 19th-century historical novel following theories of Lukács and White, yet in playing with the theme of (multiple) identity its authors point toward what will become postmodern parody of those achievements in 54. Whereas the overabundance of meaning caused by the multiple identity of narrators (and authors) introduces a problematic conception of historicity leading from Q to 54, it will be the lack of meaning altogether in the latter which ultimately illustrates the end of historicity (as suggested by Jameson and Vattimo). I focus on the figures of the narrator and the Hitchcockian McGuffin, who function as narrative devices forwarding the plot and who, I argue, ultimately serve in illustrating the trajectory of the Italian historical novel from its inception to today.
Influence of health literacy on outcomes using telehomecare technology: A systematic review
Authors: Emtekær Hæsum Lisa Korsbakke , Ehlers Lars , Hejlesen Ole K
Published: January 2015

Objective:

To conduct a systematic review of the literature describing the interaction between the use of telehomecare technology and level of health literacy among chronic patients. The aim of the review was both to explore whether and how level of health literacy affects the ability to use telehomecare technology and, additionally, whether and how the use of telehomecare technology influences the level of health literacy.

Design:

Systematic literature review.

Method:

Four relevant studies, reported in five papers, were identified and evaluated according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies include a total of 1,120 participants in the telehomecare intervention groups and 617 participants in the control groups. The following data were extracted from the four included studies: author, year, country, number of patients, type of patients, time horizon, health literacy screening tool, nature of the intervention and description of the compared alternatives, for example, usual care.

Results:

The studies report conflicting observations, and a synthesis of their results therefore provides no clear picture of the interaction between health literacy and the use of telehomecare technology.

Conclusion:

Exploring the interaction between health literacy and the use of telehomecare was not a primary objective in any of the four included studies. Further research is needed to provide a better picture of the interaction between health literacy and the use of telehomecare technology.
Multilateral solutions to bilateral problems: The 1972 Stockholm conference and Canadian foreign environmental policy
Authors: Manulak Michael W
Published: January 2015

Based on archival sources, this article analyzes the Canadian contribution to the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. It finds that continental imperatives were of pivotal importance in the development of Canadian foreign environmental policy at the Stockholm conference and its preparatory meetings. In the context of the passage of Canada’s Arctic Waters Pollution Prevention Act, Canadian diplomats set out to use the 1972 conference as a tool to fuel the progressive development of international environmental law and to generate support for a set of marine pollution principles. Following the conference, Canadian officials employed the gains achieved at Stockholm to legitimize and institutionalize the government’s unilateral Arctic anti-pollution measures. In so doing, the government of Pierre Elliott Trudeau sought multilateral solutions to bilateral problems in the environmental sphere.
Our men in Havana: Canadian foreign intelligence operations in Castro’s Cuba
Authors: Munton Don
Published: January 2015

Diplomats based at the Canadian embassy in Havana conducted extensive foreign intelligence operations in Fidel Castro’s Cuba from the early 1960s through the early 1970s. They collected human intelligence of both a political and military nature, using covert as well as overt means. They did so generally at the behest of the United States, and undertook specific “tasked” operations on request from the State Department and the US intelligence community. The diplomat-spies also collaborated operationally with United Kingdom personnel. This article represents the first detailed survey of the Cuba operations and attempts to place Canada’s foreign intelligence program in the context of its relations with the United States and of Canadian foreign policy generally.
Ways of coping of Chinese caregivers for family members with schizophrenia in two metropolitan cities: Guangzhou and Hong Kong, China
Authors: Lam Paul CW , Ng Petrus , Pan Jiayan , Young Daniel KW
Published: January 2015

Background:

In Chinese societies, family caregivers play an important role in the recovery of persons with serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia. While family caregivers are often invaluable sources of caregiving in the community, a majority of them lack adequate knowledge and support skills to cope with the tasks involved.

Aims:

This study compares the coping strategies and psychological health of caregivers for family members with schizophrenia in two Chinese cities, Hong Kong and Guangzhou.

Method:

A total of 109 caregivers, including 39 from Hong Kong and 70 from Guangzhou, were recruited from non-governmental mental health organizations in the two cities. They were assessed by the Chinese version of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire and the General Health Questionnaire.

Results:

While there was no significant difference in the psychological distress of the family caregivers in the two locations, the Guangzhou caregivers adopt significantly more of the eight coping strategies, namely, confronting coping, distancing, self-control, seeking social support, accepting responsibility, escape–avoidance, planful problem solving and positive reappraisal, than their counterparts in Hong Kong. Significant correlations were also found between psychological distress and coping strategies of caregivers in the two cities.

Conclusion:

There were significant differences in the coping strategies of family caregivers for people with schizophrenia in the two Chinese cities. Further studies are warranted to investigate factors affecting their coping strategies and their effects on psychological health.
Role of traditional healers in the pathway to care of patients with bipolar disorder in Egypt
Authors: Assad Tarek , Okasha Tarek , Ramy Hisham , Goueli Tamer , El-Shinnawy Hanan , Nasr Mohamed , Fathy Heba , Enaba Dalia , Ibrahim Dina , Elhabiby Mahmoud , Mohsen Nesreen , Khalil Sherien , Fekry Mohamed , Zaki Nivert , Hamed Hani , Azzam Hanan , Meguid Marwa A , AbdelMaksoud Rabie Menan , Sultan Marwa , Elghoneimy Soheir , Refaat Osama , Nader Doaa , Elserafi Doha , Elmissiry Marwa , Shorab Iman
Published: January 2015

Background:

A large number of mentally ill patients prefer to visit non-medical practitioners such as traditional healers because of the confidence in the system, affordability and accessibility of the service. This may lead to delay in seeking psychiatric services and has prognostic impact.

Aim:

To assess the rate of bipolar affective disorder (BAD) patients seeking traditional healers, the sociodemographic and clinical correlates of those patients.

Methods:

We assessed 350 patients with BAD after confirmation of diagnosis with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (SCID-I) research version and assessment of functioning with Global Assessment of Functioning scale. They were assessed for percent, rate and timing of seeking traditional healers.

Results:

In all, 40.8% sought traditional healers, with 34.9% more than four times. Of those, 62.2% were before seeking psychiatric services and 37.8% after. Lower educational level, less impairment of functioning and presence of hallucinations were significant correlates.

Conclusion:

This study shows that most of the patients suffering from mental illness prefer to approach faith healers first, which may delay entry to psychiatric care and thereby negatively impact the prognosis of BAD. This highlights the importance of mental health education and developing a positive collaborative relationship with traditional healers.
Involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in Incisional Intraoral and Extraoral Pain
Authors: Urata K. , Shinoda M. , Honda K. , Lee J. , Maruno M. , Ito R. , Gionhaku N. , Iwata K.
Published: January 2015

Thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in the injured region is a common complication. Although it is well known clinically that thermal and mechanical sensitivity of the oral mucosa is different from that of the skin, the mechanisms underlying injured pain of the oral mucosa remain poorly understood. The transient receptor potential (TRP) vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and TRP ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in primary afferent neurons are known to contribute to pathological pain. Therefore, we investigated whether TRPV1 and/or TRPA1 contribute to thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity following oral mucosa or whisker pad skin incision. Strong heat and mechanical and cold hypersensitivity was caused in the buccal mucosa and whisker pad skin following incisions. On day 3 after the incisions, the number of TRPV1-immunoreactive (IR) and TRPA1-IR trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons innervating the buccal mucosa and whisker pad skin was significantly increased, and the number of TRPV1/TRPA1-IR TG neurons innervating whisker pad skin, but not the buccal mucosa, was significantly increased. Administration of the TRPV1 antagonist, SB366791, to the incised site produced a significant suppression of heat hyperalgesia in both the buccal mucosa and whisker pad skin, as well as mechanical allodynia in the whisker pad skin. Administration of the TRPA1 antagonist, HC-030031, to the incised site suppressed mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia in both the buccal mucosa and whisker pad skin, as well as heat hyperalgesia in the whisker pad skin. These findings indicate that altered expressions of TRPV1 and TRPA1 in TG neurons are involved in thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity following the buccal mucosa and whisker pad skin incision. Moreover, diverse changes in the number of TRPV1 and TRPA1 coexpressed TG neurons in whisker pad skin-incised rats may contribute to the intracellular interactions of TRPV1 and TRPA1 associated with whisker pad skin incision, whereas TRPV1 and TRPA1 expression in individual TG neurons is involved in buccal mucosa–incised pain.
Polymerization Behavior of Hydrophilic-Rich Phase of Dentin Adhesive
Authors: Abedin F. , Ye Q. , Parthasarathy R. , Misra A. , Spencer P.
Published: January 2015

The 2-fold objectives of this study were 1) to understand whether model hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phase mimics of dentin adhesive polymerize similarly and 2) to determine which factor, the dimethacrylate component, bisphenol A glycerolate dimethacrylate (BisGMA) or photoinitiator concentration, has greater influence on the polymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase mimic. Current dentin adhesives are sensitive to moisture, as evidenced by nanoleakage in the hybrid layer and phase separation into hydrophobic- and hydrophilic-rich phases. Phase separation leads to limited availability of the cross-linkable dimethacrylate monomer and hydrophobic photoinitiators within the hydrophilic-rich phase. Model hydrophobic-rich phase was prepared as a single-phase solution by adding maximum wt% deuterium oxide (D2O) to HEMA/BisGMA neat resins containing 45 wt% 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). Mimics of the hydrophilic-rich phase were prepared similarly but using HEMA/BisGMA neat resins containing 95, 99, 99.5, and 100 wt% HEMA. The hydrophilic-rich mimics were prepared with standard or reduced photoinitiator content. The photoinitiator systems were camphorquinone (CQ)/ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate (EDMAB) with or without [3-(3, 4-dimethyl-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-2-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropyl]trimethylammonium chloride (QTX). The polymerization kinetics was monitored using a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer with a time-resolved collection mode. The hydrophobic-rich phase exhibited a significantly higher polymerization rate compared with the hydrophilic-rich phase. Postpolymerization resulting in the secondary rate maxima was observed for the hydrophilic-rich mimic. The hydrophilic-rich mimics with standard photoinitiator concentration but varying cross-linker (BisGMA) content showed postpolymerization and a substantial degree of conversion. In contrast, the corresponding formulations with reduced photoinitiator concentrations exhibited lower polymerization and inhibition/delay of postpolymerization within 2 h. Under conditions relevant to the wet, oral environment, photoinitiator content plays an important role in the polymerization of the hydrophilic-rich phase mimic. Since the hydrophilic-rich phase is primarily water and monomethacrylate monomer (e.g., HEMA as determined previously), substantial polymerization is important to limit the potential toxic response from HEMA leaching into the surrounding tissues.
The Mediating Role of Heart Rate on the Social Adversity-Antisocial Behavior Relationship
Authors: Choy Olivia , Raine Adrian , Portnoy Jill , Rudo-Hutt Anna , Gao Yu , Soyfer Liana
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

Tests the hypothesis that the social adversity-antisocial behavior relationship is partly mediated by a biological mechanism, low heart rate.

Method:

18 indicators of social adversity and heart rate measured at rest and in anticipation of a speech stressor were assessed alongside nine measures of antisocial behavior including delinquency (Youth Self-Report [YSR] and Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]), conduct disorder (Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder Questionnaire), and child psychopathy (Antisocial Process Screening Device [APSD]) in a community sample of 388 children aged 11 to 12 years. PROCESS was used to test mediation models.

Results:

Low heart rate was a partial mediator of the adversity-antisocial behavior relationship, explaining 20.35 percent and 15.40 percent of the effect of social adversity on delinquency and overall antisocial behavior, respectively.

Conclusions:

Findings are, to the authors’ knowledge, one of the first to establish any biological risk factor as a mediator of the social adversity-antisocial behavior relationship and suggest that social processes alter autonomic functioning in a way to predispose to antisocial behavior. While not definitive, results give rise to a social neurocriminology theory that argues that the social environment influences biological risk factors in a way to predispose to antisocial and criminal behavior.