bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A influência da estrutura de um grupo na linguagem escrita de idosos: um estudo de caso
Authors: Souza Filho Paulo Penha de , Massi Giselle Aparecida de Athayde
Published: September 2011

Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar o papel de um grupo de idosos no desenvolvimento de atividades voltadas à escrita de uma das participantes desse grupo, que se consolidou em função de uma Oficina de Linguagem. Trata-se de um relato de caso que partiu de um paradigma interpretativo, o qual inclui subjetividade, interesses, emoções e valores pessoais. Foram realizadas análises da transcrição da entrevista semi-estruturada realizada com uma integrante de 85 anos de uma Oficina de Linguagem, situada em Curitiba. Para a entrevistada, a Oficina é um ambiente que a engrandece, pois se sente incentivada, acolhida pelo grupo e consegue expor fatos de sua vida por meio da escrita. Foi sua participação no grupo que, segundo seus próprios relatos, despertou-lhe desejo e coragem para relembrar, reorganizar e traduzir suas histórias em palavras para serem lidas por outros. Pode-se perceber a estreita relação entre o vínculo que a entrevistada estabelece com o grupo e as suas possibilidades de produções escritas. Participar do mesmo vem gerando mudanças e transformações na forma de a entrevistada se relacionar com suas produções escritas que são elaboradas durante a organização de relatos de suas histórias de vida no e para o grupo.
Generalização estrutural a partir do tratamento por diferentes modelos de oposições
Authors: Pagliarin Karina Carlesso , Mota Helena Bolli , Keske-Soares Márcia
Published: September 2011

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a generalização estrutural (a itens não utilizados no tratamento, para outras posições na palavra, dentro de uma classe de sons e para outras classes de sons) em três diferentes modelos de abordagem contrastiva, considerando-se a gravidade do desvio fonológico. A amostra constituiu-se de nove sujeitos com desvio fonológico, com idades entre 4 anos e 2 meses e 6 anos e 6 meses. Todos foram avaliados, antes e após a terapia fonológica. Foram estabelecidos três grupos para o tratamento, todos constituídos por três sujeitos; em cada um havia um representante com desvio grave, moderado-grave e médio-moderado. Cada grupo foi tratado por um modelo diferente - Oposições Mínimas, Oposições Máximas/Empty Set e Oposições Múltiplas. A análise estatística dos resultados foi feita mediante comparação entre os modelos terapêuticos e a gravidade do desvio fonológico, utilizando-se os tipos de generalização. Verificou-se a ocorrência dos diferentes tipos de generalização em todos os grupos estudados, entretanto não houve diferença entre eles. Os três modelos de terapia aplicados favoreceram a ocorrência de generalização estrutural nas três diferentes gravidades do desvio, demonstrando que os modelos de abordagem contrastiva são eficazes no tratamento do desvio fonológico.
A logística: custo total, processo decisório e tendência futura
Authors: Gonzáles Patrícia Gonzáles
Published: September 2011

Como conseqüência dos avanços no âmbito dos negócios, os consumidores finais criam altas expectativas em relação ao que as empresas podem oferecer-lhes relativamente a produtos de alta qualidade, bons preços e melhores serviços, incluindo os de pós-vendas. No intento de atingir essas expectativas, as empresas devem investir em tecnologia e pesquisa, para desenvolver as respectivas vantagens competitivas que lhes garantam conservar os clientes e, portanto, continuar ou melhorar sua participação no mercado. Uma ferramenta útil nesse processo tem sido a logística, que também se foi aprimorando e tornando uma das atividades estratégicas mais importantes dentro de uma supply chain, pois a logística está presente em todo o processo da cadeia, desde o momento da aquisição da matéria-prima até a entrega do produto terminado ao consumidor final. O sucesso das empresas que satisfazem seus clientes reside na forma como fazem as coisas, ou seja, obtendo ou fabricando os produtos certos, no lugar certo, no tempo certo e ao custo certo. O custo total ao longo da supply chain é a principal variável a ser considerada e analisada pelos diferentes participantes que conformam a cadeia: compradores, fornecedores e o pessoal de logística. Da mesma forma, o processo decisório determina o desenho de um modelo de decisão por meio do qual se atinjam os seguintes objetivos: clientes finais satisfeitos e custos totais baixos. Finalmente, a logística dentro da supply chain é definida como o processo de planejar, implementar e controlar a eficiência no fluxo do custo, de materiais, produtos e informações, desde o ponto de origem até o ponto de consumo. Cada vez mais envolve uma série de situações e participantes que fazem com que seu nível de complexidade se amplie, à medida que seu esforço aumenta no intento de atender e satisfazer as exigências dos consumidores finais.
Una revisión a la teoría general del costo
Authors: Yardin Amaro
Published: September 2011

El trabajo tiene como objetivo definir qué debe entenderse por una Teoría General del Costo y, en consecuencia, cuál debe ser su contenido. Se comienza por emitir algunas consideraciones sobre el concepto de "Teoría" y, complementariamente, el de "Teoría General del Costo". Se exponen consideraciones sobre la naturaleza y los objetivos de las distintas manifestaciones de la técnica contable, concretadas en la Contabilidad Patrimonial y la Contabilidad de Gestión. La parte medular del trabajo alude al modelo del costeo completo y sus características, examinando si éstas permiten que este criterio pueda ser incluido en una Teoría General del Costo. Se sostiene que el modelo del costeo completo es válido exclusivamente como apoyo a la Contabilidad de Costos, en su carácter de apéndice de la Contabilidad Patrimonial. El aporte concluye con una propuesta de revisión del estado actual de la Teoría General del Costo, sosteniendo que el modelo del costeo completo debe estar fuera del ámbito de la misma, por ser incompatible con sus objetivos.
Population structure and reproductive behavior of Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani (Jordan, 1889) in a tropical reservoir
Authors: García-Lizárraga Melgen A. , Soto-Franco Francisco Enrique , Velazco-Arce Javier Marcial de Jesús Ruiz , Velázquez-Abunader José Iván , Ramírez-Pérez Jorge Saúl , Peña-Messina Emilio
Published: September 2011

The population structure and reproductive condition of the Sinaloa cichlid Cichlasoma beani from samples obtained from June 2000 to July 2001 were determined. Samples in the first week each month from the largest trader of tilapia in the Aguamilpa Reservoir in Mexico and were caught in gillnets (9.6 and 11.4 cm stretch-mesh size). Of 596 specimens, there were 427 males and 169 females; monthly sex ratio, frequency of lengths by the multinomial distribution, timing of reproduction, condition index, and size at first maturity was determined. Differences in the sex ratio and monthly totals were significant, favoring males, except for September 2000 and March 2001. From one (August 2000) to three modal groups (July 2000 and June 2001) were identified by size. There were no significant differences in standard length weight relationships by sex, which indicated that a shared model for both genders is appropriate, and isometric growth was detected. Based on the proportion of mature and partially matures fish, the main reproductive period was April through June; size at first maturity was 18.9 cm. Water temperature was not significantly related to the percentage of mature and partially matures Sinaloa cichlids or spawning. These findings provide information for regulating the Cichlasoma beani fishery in this region such minimum legal size and non-fishing period.
Dinâmica de massa variável: corrente suspensa na máquina de Atwood
Authors: Sismanoglu B.N. , Caetano R.F. , Germano J.S.E. , Rezende M.V.O. , Hoyer Y.D.
Published: September 2011

Este artigo trata do estudo de um sistema dinâmico de massa variável onde se implementa o experimento da corrente de elos cuja extremidade está unida através de um fio a um corpo suspenso na máquina de Atwood. O movimento harmônico amortecido do sistema foi observado. O princípio fundamental da dinâmica foi empregado na obtenção da taxa de variação temporal da aceleração linear do movimento ascendente da corrente. O emprego de uma filmadora digital no processo experimental possibilitou a caracterização do movimento através do registro da posição dos corpos envolvidos em função do tempo, de uma maneira simples e econômica. Um software de domínio público (VirtualDub) foi usado para a seleção dos quadros da filmagem. As variáveis dinâmicas obtidas experimentalmente foram confrontadas com os resultados esperados baseados na teoria, com boa concordância. Comparações foram feitas entre estes resultados com os obtidos através do emprego de fotogates (sensores) comerciais dispendiosos. A ineficácia dos fotogates foi verificada na coleta das variáveis dinâmicas no início do movimento.
O GPS: unindo ciência e tecnologia em aulas de física
Authors: Zanotta Daniel Capella , Cappelletto Eliane , Matsuoka Marcelo Tomio
Published: September 2011

Neste artigo, os conceitos físicos envolvendo a tecnologia usada no Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) são analisados do ponto de vista histórico e didático. As conexões existentes entre o funcionamento do GPS e as descobertas recentes da física, como a mecânica quântica e a teoria da relatividade, assim como os erros inerentes ao sistema, são descritos e exemplificados numericamente. Ao final, uma tarefa prática visando o melhor entendimento e familiarização com o sistema é sugerida. A partir da realização da atividade com alunos de graduação em física, algumas observações são feitas com o objetivo de orientar a execução da mesma.
O papel das emulsões nucleares na institucionalização da pesquisa em física experimental no Brasil
Authors: Vieira Cássio Leite , Videira Antonio A.P.
Published: September 2011

Neste artigo, descrevemos e analisamos a introdução e o uso da técnica das emulsões nucleares no Brasil. Apesar de pesquisas consistentes na área de raios cósmicos terem sido feitas na década de 1940 neste país, os físicos aqui começaram a empregar a técnica depois dos trabalhos de César Lattes em Bristol (Inglaterra) e Berkeley (EUA). Mesmo que a introdução da técnica tenha sido posterior à origem dela - datada do final da década de 1900 -, cientistas brasileiros se familiarizaram rapidamente com o método e o adotaram não só em raios cósmicos, mas também em física de partículas elementares e física nuclear, usando-o até recentemente. Neste artigo, estaremos preocupados com as causas dessa longevidade. Em outras palavras, por que a técnica de emulsões nucleares foi usada por tantos anos no Brasil, mesmo depois de seu abandono em centros de física no mundo? Adiantamos que a resposta para tal pergunta envolve questões históricas relacionadas à formação e à institucionalização da ciência - mais especificamente, da física - no Brasil, bem como razões econômicas, sociais e geográficas.
Gauss's law, infinite homogenous charge distributions and Helmholtz theorem
Authors: Tort A.C.
Published: September 2011

We rediscuss the validity of Gauss's law in the case of homogenous discrete and continuous charge distributions fulfilling all space.
Maintenance strategies for on-site water disinfection by ultraviolet lamps on dairy farms
Authors: Massé Daniel I. , Masse Lucie , Topp Edward , Séguin Guy , Ortega Lina M. , Scott Andrew , Pariseau Éric
Published: September 2011

Bacteria have been detected in many water supplies on dairy farms, and the water used to wash milking equipment should be free of bacteria. This study evaluated two ultraviolet (UV) technologies, with and without automatic sleeve cleaning device, as on-farm water disinfection system. No fouling was observed during 6 months of continuous operation of the self-cleaning UV system. The dose provided by a non self-cleaning UV lamp decreased by 41% and 96% after 30 and 60 days of continuous operation, respectively, at the maximum recommended water hardness and iron levels. However, when the lamp was operated 2 hours, twice daily, as on dairy farms disinfecting water solely to wash milking equipment, the dose decreased by 9% and 50% after 30 and 60 days, respectively. A UV system with self-cleaning capability is thus recommended for most farms, or monthly manual cleanings will be required to limit fouling and ensure water disinfection. Both UV technologies were efficient in disinfecting water containing high pathogen concentrations. A dose of 136 mJ/cm2 completely deactivated 1090 and 595 CFU/100 mL of total and fecal coliforms, respectively. Under proper management, the use of UV lamps could thus provide bacteria-free water to wash milking equipment on dairy farms.
Solar disinfection for the post-treatment of greywater by means of a continuous flow reactor
Authors: Pansonato Natália , Afonso Marcos V. G. , Salles Carlos A. , Boncz Marc Á. , Paulo Paula L.
Published: September 2011

SODIS (solar disinfection) is a low-cost alternative for water decontamination. The method is based on the exposure of water, contained in PET bottles, to direct sunlight, and mainly its UV-A and infrared components. The present research studied SODIS as a low cost alternative for the inactivation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in treated greywater, aiming at its reuse for more noble applications. Experiments were performed in (i) batch mode (2 L PET-bottles), testing the effect of turbidity on system efficiency and, (ii) in a continuous pilot-scale reactor prototype (51 L, using interconnected 2 L-PET bottles), testing hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 18 and 24 h. Samples were exposed to an average solar radiation intensity of 518 W/m2. The results obtained indicate that the SODIS system has potential for total coliforms and E. coli inactivation in the pre-treated greywater, reaching 2.1 log units E. coli inactivation in batch experiments for low turbidity samples (21 NTU), and >2 log units inactivation of total coliforms (and E. coli, when present) for the 24 h HRT-continuous prototype. The continuous flow prototype needs more testing and structural improvements to cope with the difficulties posed by algae growth, as they complicate maintaining conditions of constant flow and make frequent maintenance inevitable.
Comparison of nitrogen elimination rates of different constructed wetland designs
Authors: Canga Eriona , Dal Santo Sara , Pressl Alexander , Borin Maurizio , Langergraber Guenter
Published: September 2011

In this paper the nitrogen elimination rates of different constructed wetland (CW) designs reported in literature are compared with those obtained for outdoor and indoor 2-stage vertical flow (VF) systems. The outdoor system is located about 150 km west of Vienna. Both stages are planted with Phragmites australis and the system has been operated for 4 years continuously. During this period the average value of the nitrogen elimination rate was 3.30 g N m−2 d−1. The indoor system comprises three parallel operated 2-stage VF systems and is located in the technical lab hall at BOKU University. The design of the indoor system resembles the outdoor system. However, there are a few differences: (1) the indoor systems are not planted, and (2) different filter media have been used for the main layer of the first stages. With the indoor system the highest nitrogen elimination rate achieved was 2.24 g N m−2 d−1 for the system with zeolite and impounded drainage layer. Similar results have been found in France for treating raw wastewater with VF and horizontal flow (HF) beds in series with nitrogen elimination rates of 1.89 and 2.82 g N m−2 d−1 for differently designed HF beds. The highest nitrogen elimination rates of 15.9 g N m−2 d−1 reported were for pilot-scale VF CWs treating high-strength synthetic wastewater (total nitrogen of 305 mg L−1 in the influent) in Thailand. It has been shown that the outdoor two-stage VF CW system has one of the highest nitrogen elimination rates of CWs treating domestic wastewater.
Dissolved oxygen as a factor influencing nitrogen removal rates in a one-stage system with partial nitritation and Anammox process
Authors: Cema G. , Płaza E. , Trela J. , Surmacz-Górska J.
Published: September 2011

A biofilm system with Kaldnes biofilm carrier was used in these studies to cultivate bacteria responsible for both partial nitritation and Anammox processes. Due to co-existence of oxygen and oxygen-free zones within the biofilm depth, both processes can occur in a single reactor. Oxygen that inhibits the Anammox process is consumed in the outer layer of the biofilm and in this way Anammox bacteria are protected from oxygen. The impact of oxygen concentration on nitrogen removal rates was investigated in the pilot plant (2.1 m3), supplied with reject water from the Himmerfjärden Waste Water Treatment Plant. The results of batch tests showed that the highest nitrogen removal rates were obtained for a dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration around 3 g O2 m−3. At a DO concentration of 4 g O2 m−3, an increase of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen concentrations in the batch reactor were observed. The average nitrogen removal rate in the pilot plant during a whole operating period oscillated around 1.3 g N m−2d−1 (0.3 ± 0.1 kg N m−3d−1) at the average dissolved oxygen concentration of 2.3 g O2 m−3. The maximum value of a nitrogen removal rate amounted to 1.9 g N m−2d−1 (0.47 kg N m−3d−1) and was observed for a DO concentration equal to 2.5 g O2 m−3. It was observed that increase of biofilm thickness during the operational period, had no influence on nitrogen removal rates in the pilot plant.
Calibration of a 1D/1D urban flood model using 1D/2D model results in the absence of field data
Authors: Leandro J. , Djordjević S. , Chen A. S. , Savić D. A. , Stanić M.
Published: September 2011

Recently increased flood events have been prompting researchers to improve existing coupled flood-models such as one-dimensional (1D)/1D and 1D/two-dimensional (2D) models. While 1D/1D models simulate sewer and surface networks using a one-dimensional approach, 1D/2D models represent the surface network by a two-dimensional surface grid. However their application raises two issues to urban flood modellers: (1) stormwater systems planning/emergency or risk analysis demands for fast models, and the 1D/2D computational time is prohibitive, (2) and the recognized lack of field data (e.g. Hunter et al. (2008)) causes difficulties for the calibration/validation of 1D/1D models. In this paper we propose to overcome these issues by calibrating a 1D/1D model with the results of a 1D/2D model. The flood-inundation results show that: (1) 1D/2D results can be used to calibrate faster 1D/1D models, (2) the 1D/1D model is able to map the 1D/2D flood maximum extent well, and the flooding limits satisfactorily in each time-step, (3) the 1D/1D model major differences are the instantaneous flow propagation and overestimation of the flood-depths within surface-ponds, (4) the agreement in the volume surcharged by both models is a necessary condition for the 1D surface-network validation and (5) the agreement of the manholes discharge shapes measures the fitness of the calibrated 1D surface-network.
Energy savings by reduced mixing in aeration tanks: results from a full scale investigation and long term implementation at Avedoere wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Sharma A. K. , Guildal T. , Thomsen H. R. , Jacobsen B. N.
Published: September 2011

The aim of this project was to investigate the potential of reducing number of mixers in the biological treatment process and thereby achieve energy and economical savings and contribute to cleaner environment. The project was carried out at Avedoere wastewater treatment plant and a full scale investigation was conducted to study the effect of reduced mixing on flow velocity, suspended solid sedimentation, concentration gradients of oxygen and SS with depth and treatment efficiency. The only negative effect observed was on flow velocity; however the velocity was above the critical velocity. The plant has been operating with 50% of its designed number of mixers since September 2007 and long term results also confirm that reduced mixing did not have any negative effect on treatment efficiency. The estimated yearly electricity saving is 0.75 GWh/year.
Hydraulic behaviour and removal efficiencies of two H-SSF constructed wetlands for wastewater reuse with different operational life
Authors: Barbagallo S. , Cirelli G. L. , Marzo A. , Milani M. , Toscano A.
Published: September 2011

This work focuses on the performance evaluation of two full-scale horizontal suburface flow constructed wetlands (H-SSF CWs) working in parallel, which have an almost equal surface area (about 2,000 m2) but with different operational lives: 8 and 3 years. Both H-SSF CWs, located in Southern Italy (Sicily), are used for tertiary treatment of the effluent of a conventional wastewater treatment plant. This study evaluates and compares H-SSF CW efficiency both in terms of water quality improvement (removal percentage) and achievement of Italian wastewater discharge and irrigation reuse limits. The mean removal percentage, for the overall operational life, of TSS, COD and BOD (80%, 63%, 58% obtained for H-SSF1 and 67%, 38%, 41% for H-SSF2), confirm the high reliability of CWs for wastewater treatment. However, despite the satisfactory removal of microbial indicators (the mean E. coli removal was up to 2.5 log unit for both beds), CWs didn't achieve the Italian limits for wastewater reuse. Information on hydraulic properties of the CWs were extracted from breakthrough curves of a non-reactive tracer (NaCl). By comparing the nominal (τn) and actual residence time (τ), hydraulic behaviour was revealed.
Comment on DeLong: Why is Economics in Crisis?
Authors: Stevans Lonnie K.
Published: September 2011

Why is economics in crisis? Just look at the curriculum or the obscure articles we publish, says Lonnie Stevans of Hofstra University.
Quality of life among polish Fabry patients — a cross-sectional study quality of life among polish Fabry patients
Authors: Żuraw Wioletta , Golicki Dominik , Jurecka Agnieszka , Tylki-Szymańska Anna
Published: September 2011

This study sought to explore the following issues 1) health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Fabry patients relative to the general population 2) the quality of life (QoL) level in heterozygous females as compared to hemizygous males and the general population. A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed in patients diagnosed with Fabry disease in Poland (n=33). HRQoL was assessed with two generic questionnaires: the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and EuroQol questionnaire (EQ-5D), which includes the EQ-5D descriptive system and the EQ-visual analogue scale (EQ VAS), as well as a disease-specific author’s questionnaire. When measured with EQ-VAS, the subjective perception of health status was significantly lower in Fabry patients than that of the general population. SF-36 norm-based scores showed that patients are disadvantaged mainly in social functioning, bodily pain, and mental health. Objective assessments of HRQoL according to the EQ-5D Index tend to be lower for males than for females. Only male patients experienced extreme problems identified by the EQ-5D descriptive system. HRQoL of Fabry patients, measured by EQ-5D and SF-36, is lower as compared with that of the general population. Fabry disease effects QoL in its physical, mental and social dimensions.
FMR1 Linked haplotype analysis in a mentally retarded male population
Authors: Daneberga Zanda , Pronina Natalija , Lace Baiba , Lugovska Rita
Published: September 2011

Fragile X syndrome is caused by dynamic mutation of FMR1 gene CpG island CGG repeats. The underlying mutational mechanism is not fully understood. Different microsatellite markers and SNP have previously been reported as markers associated with FMR1 CGG repeat instability. The aim of the present study was to identify specific haplotypes among Latvian FXS patients and the control group with respect to allelic stability. Eleven male FXS patients and 122 control male patients participated in the study. In total, 27 different DXS548-FRAXAC1-ATL1-FRAXAC2 haplotypes were found. The prevalent haplotype in the control group was 7-4-A-5+ (rel. frequency 0.327). The prevalent haplotype associated with the FXS group was 2-2-G-4 (rel. frequency 0.818; p < 0.0001). Grey zone alleles with a long uninterrupted CGG tract at the 3’ end were significantly associated with the 2-2-G-4 haplotype (p = 0.0022). Our findings suggest that, for the Latvian population, the haplotype 2-2-G-4 is a marker of CGG tract instability. We conclude that a founder effect could not be an explanation for our findings on the basis of heterogeneity exhibited by the Latvian population and lack of studies throughout this geographical region. This data may provide evidence of different mutational pathways of expansion in the Baltic States region.
Understanding and Managing Our Earth through Integrated Use and Analysis of Geo-Information
Authors: Kainz Wolfgang
Published: September 2011

All things in our world are related to some location in space and time, and according to Tobler’s first law of geography “everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things” [1]. Since humans exist they have been contemplating about space and time and have tried to depict and manage the geographic space they live in. We know graphic representations of the land from various regions of the world dating back several thousands of years. The processing and analysis of spatial data has a long history in the disciplines that deal with spatial data such as geography, surveying engineering, cartography, photogrammetry, and remote sensing. Until recently, all these activities have been analog in nature; only since the invention of the computer in the second half of the 20th century and the use of computers for the acquisition, storage, analysis, and display of spatial data starting in the 1960s we speak of geo-information and geo-information systems. [...]
Power Loss Characteristics of a Sensing Element Based on a Polymer Optical Fiber under Cyclic Tensile Elongation
Authors: Chen Yung-Chuan , Chen Li-Wen , Lu Wei-Hua
Published: September 2011

In this study, power losses in polymer optical fiber (POF) subjected to cyclic tensile loadings are studied experimentally. The parameters discussed are the cyclic load level and the number of cycles. The results indicate that the power loss in POF specimens increases with increasing load level or number of cycles. The power loss can reach as high as 18.3% after 100 cyclic loadings. Based on the experimental results, a linear equation is proposed to estimate the relationship between the power loss and the number of cycles. The difference between the estimated results and the experimental results is found to be less than 3%.
Efficacy of Orally Administered Low Dose N-methanocarbathymidine against Lethal Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2 Infections of Mice
Authors: Quenelle Debra C , Collins Deborah J , Rice Terri L , Rahman Aquilur , Glazer Robert
Published: September 2011

Background:

N-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) has previously been shown to be effective against lethal orthopoxvirus and herpes simplex virus type-1 infections in mice. In this investigation, the antiviral activity of N-MCT was assessed against herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) in BALB/c mice.

Methods:

BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with a lethal challenge dose of HSV-2. N-MCT was administered orally twice daily to mice using doses of 0.01 to 100 mg/kg to determine effects on survival and on viral replication in organ and central nervous system (CNS) samples.

Results:

N-MCT provided significant protection from mortality even when treatments were delayed until 3 days after viral infection. Viral replication in organ and CNS samples from N-MCT-treated mice was reduced below the limit of detection after 4 days of treatment. Conclusions: These results indicated that low dose N-MCT treatment was more effective than acyclovir therapy. N-MCT may be effective against HSV disease in humans and is currently undergoing preclinical evaluation. In particular, its potential use as a combination therapy for HSV, with its differing metabolism from acyclovir, make it a promising compound to develop for human use.
Fichte, éthique et philosophie transcendantale
Authors: Rockmore Tom
Published: September 2011

Fichte, qui s’est lui-même présenté comme kantien orthodoxe, et a même prétendu être le seul qui ait compris correctement la philosophie critique, nous a entraînés en fait dans une interprétation qui pourrait être fourvoyante. Bien qu’évidemment clairement inspiré par Kant, bien qu’il parvienne à la vie philosophique dans un climat entièrement dominé par le débat autour du criticisme, ses solutions sont entièrement différentes de celles de Kant. L’Auteur s’attache à montrer ces différences et à explorer les voies que Fichte développe contre Kant, voies qui demeurent encore actuelles et font l’objet de débats contemporains.
Intraoperative Ultrasound Assistance for Excision of Impalpable Musculoskeletal Soft Tissue Tumors
Authors: Farfalli Germán L. , Aponte-Tinao Luis A. , Rasumoff Alejandro , Ayerza Miguel A. , Muscolo D. Luis
Published: September 2011

Intraoperative ultrasonography is a useful tool for the detection and extirpation of liver metastases, breast masses, and melanoma. However, the efficacy of this technology in intraoperative localization and resection of small soft tissue tumors has not been addressed. The purpose of this study is to report on the efficacy of intraoperative ultrasound assistance in excising impalpable musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors.

Twenty-two soft tissue tumors <3 cm (range, 0.7–3 cm) were resected with intraoperative ultrasound assistance. All tumors were localized in the deep panniculus, fascia, or muscle. Surgical time and length of incisions was recorded in all the cases. Intra- and postoperative reregistration was made to confirm the tumor resection. Ultrasound assistance was successful in obtaining an accurate localization in all treated cases. Mean surgical time was 30 minutes (range, 13–87 minutes). Average incision length was 5.7 cm (range, 2.5–10.6 cm). Reregistration allowed intraoperative confirmation of the adequacy of the excision. The procedure allowed recognized and excised additional nodules not previously diagnosed in 3 cases. Postoperative echography done in all patients confirmed complete extirpation of the tumors, and histopathology confirmed adequate margins obtained.

Intraoperative ultrasound can be used as an efficient tool to localize and treat impalpable small soft tissue tumors.
Factors Predicting Health-related Quality of Life in Knee Osteoarthritis Among Community-dwelling Women in Japan: The Hizen-Oshima Study
Authors: Norimatsu Takahiro , Osaki Makoto , Tomita Masato , Ye Zhaojia , Abe Yasuyo , Honda Sumihisa , Kanagae Mitsuo , Mizukami Satoshi , Takamura Noboru , Kusano Yosuke , Shindo Hiroyuki , Aoyagi Kiyoshi
Published: September 2011

Knee osteoarthritis is the most common chronic joint disorder in elderly people. However, a population-based, longitudinal study on health-related quality of life in knee osteoarthritis has not been conducted in Japan. We studied 333 women aged 50 years and older at baseline, with 8 to 9 years of follow-up. Anteroposterior weight-bearing knee radiographs were obtained at baseline and graded according to the Kellgren-Lawrence criteria. Definite osteoarthritis was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence grade 2 or higher in at least 1 joint. At baseline, all participants were asked if they had knee pain and comorbidities (heart disease, lung disease, stroke, or diabetes mellitus). Height (m), weight (kg), and chair stand time were measured.

At follow-up, quality of life in knee osteoarthritis was evaluated using the Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure score. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, knee osteoarthritis, knee pain, comorbidity, and increasing chair stand time were independently related to subsequent health-related quality of life. These findings suggest that treating knee osteoarthritis and comorbidities, managing pain, and optimizing lower extremity muscle strength may be effective targets for intervention.
The Efficacy of Multimodal High-volume Wound Infiltration in Primary Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Banerjee Purnajyoti , Mclean Christopher
Published: September 2011

Multimodal wound infiltration with local anesthetics, adrenaline, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents can lower the opiate intake, reduce the length of stay, and enhance early mobilization after total hip arthroplasty (THA). A retrospective review of 204 patients undergoing primary THA was undertaken. One hundred two patients had their wounds infiltrated with ropivacaine, adrenaline, and ketorolac by the operating surgeon intraoperatively. Subsequently, a 19-gauge wound catheter was inserted percutaneously into the hip joint. Patients received 2 further top-up doses of 20 mL of ropivacaine (7.5mg/mL) at 10 and 20 hours postoperatively. These patients were compared to a control group of 102 patients who received no local infiltration. Both groups were comparable in terms of body mass index and age. Opiate consumption in the first 48 hours after surgery and length of hospital stay were recorded. The mean consumption of morphine in the treatment group was 42.3 mg (standard deviation [SD], 31.2 mg) compared to 60.9 mg (SD, 33.8 mg) in the control group (
P
<.0001). The mean length of stay was significantly reduced from 5.2 days (SD, 1.6 days) in the control group to 4 days (SD, 1.3 days) in the treatment group (
P
<.0001). The time needed by the patients to walk for 3 meters after surgery was significantly reduced in the treatment group (median, 25 vs 46.1 hours; interquartile range, 20.7- 45.1 vs 27.2- 50.9;
P
<.0001). This is the largest series to demonstrate that a multimodal perioperative wound infiltration technique in primary THA surgery leads to early attainment of immediate postoperative rehabilitation milestones and reduced length of stay along with reduction in postoperative opiate consumption.
Subacromial Osteochondroma
Authors: Lu Michael T. , Abboud Joseph A.
Published: September 2011

The most common cause of impingement syndrome is mechanical irritation of the subacromial bursa and rotator cuff by the coracoacromial arch. Offending structures include the undersurface of the anterolateral acromion, coracoacromial ligament, and the undersurface of the distal clavicle. We present a case of impingement syndrome caused by mechanical irritation of the rotator cuff by a subacromial osteochondroma that was successfully treated with arthroscopic resection. Osteochondroma is the second most common benign bone tumor following nonossifying fibroma. These lesions are thought to arise from aberrant growth of normal epiphyseal growth plate cartilage. Ninety percent of osteochondromas arise from the metaphyseal regions of long bones (eg, distal femur, proximal tibia, or proximal humerus). Scapular involvement accounts for 3.0% to 4.6% of all reported osteochondromas. These lesions represent 14.4% of all tumors of the scapula and 49% of benign scapular tumors, making them the most common benign bone tumors of the scapula. Our patient failed nonoperative management of his subacromial osteochondroma. The concern for malignant transformation was low, as the patient’s pain had been consistent for the past 15 years. Although his pain had been largely unchanged for more than a decade, he elected to undergo resection so that he could resume the hobbies that his pain had forced him to abandon. He reported substantial pain relief and restoration of function following arthroscopic resection and subacromial decompression, reinforcing mechanical irritation of the rotator cuff as the source of his shoulder pain and dysfunction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of arthroscopic resection of a subacromial osteochondroma.
Dual Poly Liner Mobility Optimizes Wear and Stability in THA: Affirms
Authors: Stulberg S. David
Published: September 2011

A dual-mobility acetabular component consists of a large, fixed, porous-coated acetabular component and a bipolar femoral component. These components are often called tripolar components. This configuration provides a stable, well-fixed implant platform against bone and 2 articular interfaces, a large polyethylene surface directly apposed to a highly polished metal implant, and a standard-sized (28- or 32-mm) femoral head captured within polyethylene.

The dual-mobility cup appears to offer a safe, effective, durable solution to hip instability. The concept has extensive laboratory and clinical support. Although the long-term durability of these implants is unknown, the tested wear rates of a dual-mobility design with the current generation of highly cross-linked polyethylene are significantly lower than any previously reported wear rates. The recently introduced modular dual-mobility shell offers surgeons substantial flexibility in addressing the issue of hip instability with a cost-efficient, familiar option.
Dual Poly Liner Mobility Optimizes Wear and Stability in THA: Opposes
Authors: Lyons Matthew C. , MacDonald Steven J.
Published: September 2011

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an effective intervention for the treatment of arthrosis with excellent survivorship. Nonetheless, dislocation and osteolysis remain significant complications. A dual-mobility acetabular component has been advocated to improve stability and wear. Stability is imparted by increasing the effective femoral head size, which allows a larger range of motion (ROM) before neck–socket impingement occurs. Increasing ROM, however, introduces an additional problem of bony impingement of the trochanter against the pelvis. Consequently, there is little improvement in ROM for heads >36 to 40 mm. A 0.4% incidence of instability at the larger articulation has been reported in primary THA using the dual-mobility liner, which is equivalent to reports for conventional THA. The dual-mobility liner has introduced the unique complication of intraprosthetic dislocation, where the femoral head dissociates at the smaller articulation as a result of polyethylene wear. An incidence of intraprosthetic dislocation of 3.6% has been reported, which far exceeds dislocation of conventional arthroplasty. The dual-mobility liner is a monoblock acetabular component without the capacity for augmented bony fixation. Inability to achieve primary stability has been reported as high as 18% and therefore its usefulness in revision THA is questionable. Proponents of the dual-mobility liner cite improved wear characteristics over conventional THA; however, few studies support this proposition. Retrieval studies have reported that the dual-mobility liner does not avoid wear or osteolysis. Theoretically, it is inconceivable that wear would be diminished with an additional articulation with a huge surface area, where the differential hardness has been reversed to a soft-on-hard bearing.
Anterior Approach in THA Improves Outcomes: Affirms
Authors: Moskal Joseph T.
Published: September 2011

In general, the literature makes numerous positive claims regarding the direct anterior approach with a fracture table for total hip arthroplasty (THA), including quicker recovery and return to unassisted ambulation, along with reduced soft tissue damage, surgery time, pain, and risk of dislocation with early elimination of hip precautions. The benefits of the direct anterior approach are mostly due from muscle preservation rather than muscle splitting, which occurs with the more traditional approaches. With the use of the muscle-preserving direct anterior approach for THA, there is less muscle damage and earlier return to function, and postoperative precautions are not needed.

The most significant improvements in THA have been allowing patients to be immediately weight bearing as tolerated after THA, incorporating a multimodal pain management protocol, and now using the direct anterior approach. There is a learning curve, and I strongly recommend that people attend cadaver-based learning centers as well as surgeon visitations.

We must always remember the oath we took to “do no harm,” especially when embarking on a new procedure such as the direct anterior approach in THA or any other new procedure or technology. My position in the debate is not whether we should embrace this technique or other new techniques, but rather how they should be introduced.
Anterior Approach in THA Improves Outcomes: Opposes
Authors: Sculco Thomas P.
Published: September 2011

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be performed through multiple surgical approaches, including anterior, anterolateral, lateral, transtrochanteric, posterolateral, posterior, and the 2-incision technique. The overwhelming majority of THAs today are performed through a posterolateral approach, which has many advantages: it can be extended without difficulty, it is expeditious, it results in reduced blood loss and little muscle damage, and recovery is rapid. The major disadvantage of the approach is its increased dislocation rate, which has become less of a problem with the advent of larger femoral heads and dual-mobility acetabular components.

The anterior approach is another hip approach with advantages and disadvantages. One disadvantage is the need for a special table on which to perform the procedure, which can cost ≥$100,000. Many surgeons also recommend the use of intraoperative fluoroscopy with this approach, which prolongs surgery and adds possible draping contamination during the fluoroscopy. Exposure of the femur may be difficult with this approach, especially in patients with increased body mass index. The operative time also tends to be longer with this approach, as exposure may be more tedious. The published data report significant complications with this procedure.
Use of a Barbed Suture in the Closure of Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Wounds
Authors: Levine Brett R. , Ting Nicholas , Della Valle Craig J.
Published: September 2011

Wound closure in primary and revision total hip and knee arthroplasty is an essential and critical component of the procedure. A well-performed closure may take up to 20 to 30 minutes for primary and revision surgeries, respectively. Traditionally, a layered closure is performed using various forms of absorbable and nonabsorbable sutures placed in an interrupted fashion, requiring the surgeon to tie knots to secure each stitch. Disadvantages of knot tying include increased operative time, prominence in subcutaneous layers, and local tissue ischemia. Recently, a bi-directional, barbed suture has been introduced that affords surgeons the ability to close soft tissue layers in a running fashion without the need for knot tying. The bi-directional nature of the barbs allows for simultaneous closure from the wound center, therefore offsetting the increased cost per suture by the decreased number of sutures used and the time saved in the operating room to close the incision. Additional potential advantages of using knotless sutures include enhanced biomechanical strength, increased resistance to catastrophic arthrotomy failure, and a more watertight closure. Our early data support the efficiency and safety of using this suture in total joint arthroplasty wound closure. This article reviews our experience and describes the technique for using barbed sutures during wound closure in 940 cases of primary and revision total joint arthroplasties.
Cancellous Impaction Grafting in Femoral Revision THA
Authors: Padgett Douglas E. , Kinkel Stefan
Published: September 2011

Options in the management of the deficient femur during revision hip arthroplasty include cemented or cementless fixation. The results with cemented femoral revision have not been historically successful. While the use of extensively coated implants in revision total hip arthroplasty has been more uniformly excellent, issues, such as thigh pain, stress shielding, and lack of bone stock restoration, have been raised. Impaction grafting in revision hip arthroplasty is an attempt to reconstitute bone stock and avoid problems associated with excessively large or long uncemented stems. The original concept of impaction grafting was promoted by Slooff and applied to the femur by Gie and Ling. While originators’ results were promising, issues, such as fracture and poor graft delivery, were noted. Modifications to the original technique were recently described by Howie, which used longer stems when necessary, as well as an improved graft delivery system. We report our results with 30 consecutive hips using this method. At follow-up, 3 patients were known to have died, leaving 27 for evaluation. Two of the 27 were failures: 1 recurrence of infection and 1 loose stem. The remaining 25 were clinical successes with bone stock restoration in all and no periprosthetic fractures. We believe that impaction grafting remains a viable option for the management of the severely deficient femur in whom cementless fixation methods are questionable.
Does Preoperative Patellofemoral Joint State Affect Medial Unicompartmental Arthroplasty Survival?
Authors: Berend Keith R. , Lombardi Adolph V. , Morris Michael J. , Hurst Jason M. , Kavolus Joseph J.
Published: September 2011

One contested contraindication to medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been status of the patellofemoral joint. Surgeons have avoided UKA when the patellofemoral joint has radiographic evidence of arthritic changes. However, recent studies advocate ignoring patellofemoral joint status when considering UKA. The purpose of this study was to compare the failure rate of mobile-bearing, medial UKA in patients with and without preoperative radiographic evidence of patellofemoral joint degeneration. Preoperative radiographs from a random selection of 503 patients (638 knees) treated with UKA for anteromedial osteoarthritis were assessed by an observer blinded to clinical outcome. The patellofemoral joint was graded using the modified Altman classification from 0 to 3 with 0 being no evidence of changes and 3 being severe, and identified 396 grade 0, 168 grade 1, 65 grade 2, and 9 grade 3 knees. At 1- to 7-year follow-up, there have been 17 revisions for overall survivorship of 97.3%. Kaplan-Meier analysis predicted 97.9% survival in knees with patellofemoral joint disease and 93.8% survival in knees without patellofemoral joint disease at 70 months (
P
=.1). Failure requiring revision occurred in 3.5% (14/396) of grade 0 knees, 1.2% (2/168) of grade 1, 1.5% (1/65) of grade 2, and 0% (0/9) of grade 3. No survival difference was noted between knees with medial or lateral patellofemoral joint disease (
P
=.1). No knees were revised for progression of disease in the patellofemoral joint or anterior knee pain. In light of this investigation and the work of others, preoperative radiographic changes in the patellofemoral joint can be safely ignored when considering patients for medial UKA without compromising survivorship.