bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship of Presenting Problems to Family Conflicts
Authors: Leader Arthur L.
Published: May 2018

The complexities and difficulties in establishing specific linkages between the presenting problem and family conflicts include: differences in philosophy, changing value systems and developments in treatment, fragmentation in the helping professions, and the impact of family chaos or resistance on the therapist.
Human Sexuality Education for Clinical Social Workers
Authors: Glasgow Marian
Published: May 2018

Current social work literature reflects a concern about a variety of specific sexual problems. Case illustrations show how clinical social workers may benefit from a broader approach to sexual learning, an approach that prepares workers to deal with the more general, as well as specific, sexual issues that arise in their work.
Wife Beating: A View of the Marital Dyad
Authors: Weitzman Jack , Dreen Karen
Published: May 2018

Both partners are viewed as participants in the eruption of violence, which is seen as an aspect of the couple's homeostatic patterns that maintain relationship rules and prevent change. The article provides theoretical information and case examples, and suggests treatment implications and goals for couples therapy.
The Visitation Dilemma in Court Consultation
Authors: Hoorwitz Aaron Noah
Published: May 2018

What are the “best interests” of the child in conflicts over visitation rights? Mental health consultants to the courts are often called upon to deal with this question. Research on the issue is discussed, and strategies are suggested for dealing with it.
Social Casework Practice: Who Controls the Worker's Time?
Authors: Holbrook Terry L.
Published: May 2018

Caseworkers constantly face the problem of adapting treatment to the time structures of human service organizations. Yet the problem of who controls the worker's time—and its implications—is rarely considered by practice models, seven of which are examined here.
Empowerment for Our Clients and for Ourselves
Authors: Pinderhughes Elaine B.
Published: May 2018

Knowing how power and powerlessness operate in human systems is a key to effective intervention. Strategies based on this knowledge offer both client and worker an opportunity for constructive management of powerlessness on individual, familial, and social system levels.
Marital Rape: A Distinct Syndrome?
Authors: Bowker Lee H.
Published: May 2018

Violent marriages in which wives were raped by their husbands are compared with other such marriages that did not include sexual assaults. Data from in-depth interviews with 146 women suggest considerations for treatment of extensive marital conflict.
Pregnant Women and Alcohol: Implications for Social Work
Authors: Anderson Sandra C. , Grant James Fraser
Published: May 2018

Pregnant women who are moderate to heavy drinkers run a strong risk of impairing their offspring. Two syndromes affecting such children are described, social workers are urged to intervene during pregnancy, and relevant treatment and program issues are examined.
Structured Conjoint Therapy for Spouse Abuse Cases
Authors: Taylor John W.
Published: May 2018

Men and women in abusive relationships often want to end the abuse and remain together. If the level of violence is mild or moderate, successful treatment can be provided. This article, citing case examples, describes the structure and techniques of such therapy.
Strategies and Techniques of Divorce Mediation
Authors: Barsky Morna
Published: May 2018

Divorce mediation requires strategies to achieve the objectives of the process and techniques to effect those strategies. Case examples illustrate specific strategies and techniques in this report of the experiences of a mediator who has worked in private and agency practice.
Alienation and Social Work Practice
Authors: Keefe Thomas
Published: May 2018

The idea of alienation and the development of alienation in society are examined. Concepts from alienation theory that illumine human functioning are presented along with ways they can be useful both in practice with individuals and in designing the administrative structure of social agencies.
Marketing Social Services
Authors: DiGiulio Joan Ferry
Published: May 2018

The use of marketing strategies can enhance the delivery of social services. This article shows how agencies can adapt marketing techniques and use them to pinpoint potential markets, improve public image, evaluate external opportunities, and maximize internal strengths.
Anglo Concepts and Indian Reality: A Study of Juvenile Delinquency
Authors: Robbins Susan P.
Published: May 2018

In a study of Seminole youth on Florida reservations, delinquency was found to be related, in varying degrees, to attachment to teachers, school, and police. The work suggests that the young people acquired functional behaviors from both Indian and Anglo cultures.
Life Span Developmental Approach: Implications for Practice
Authors: Streever Kristyn L. , Wodarski John S.
Published: May 2018

The life span developmental approach indicates that individuals can change and grow even in adulthood. The characteristics and tasks of each psychosocial stage are presented and implications for the practitioner's intervention at each stage are discussed.
Toward Generic Practice: The Interactional Approach
Authors: Anderson Joseph D.
Published: May 2018

Interaction practice theory can integrate knowledge of human behavior and the social environment with values and skills for generic practice. The existential, humanistic, and phenomenological roots of this theory are examined and its applicability to social work practice is demonstrated.
Differentiating between Borderline and Narcissistic Personalities
Authors: Freed Anne O.
Published: May 2018

This article describes and contrasts the disorders, adding psychodynamic and developmental theory as presented by Kohut, Kernberg, Mahler, Masterson, and others. Treatment techniques are presented and illustrations are drawn from the biography and poetry of Sylvia Plath.
Child Adjustment to Parental Stress following Divorce
Authors: Woody Jane D. , Colley Patrick E. , Schlegelmilch June , Maginn Paul , Balsanek Judith
Published: May 2018

A study analyzed the relationships between parental stress and the adjustment of children following the divorce process. The results support the need for preventive approaches and for extensive outreach to make a wide variety of programs available to divorcing persons.
Treating Female Adult Survivors of Childhood Incest
Authors: Faria Geraldine , Belohlavek Nancy
Published: May 2018

As increasing numbers of adult women are found to be struggling with problems resulting from their being victims of incest in childhood, therapists need to be prepared to help them. This article outlines a treatment approach, goals, techniques, and tools.
Pork Soap, Strap, and Sap
Authors: Beinecke Richard H.
Published: May 2018

Problem-Oriented Record Keeping (PORK) has proved to be an effective tool for more accountable record keeping. This article discusses how three forms of the PORK system can be appropriately used in different settings and for different purposes.
The Family Task Force: A Demonstration Model
Authors: Bowen Gary Lee
Published: May 2018

Military families face extra stresses that can impair military effectiveness and family functioning. The family task force examined here integrates formal and informal support systems and maximizes client participation, encouraging development and enhancement of family programs.
Elderly Parent and Dependent Adult Child
Authors: Brunn Linda C.
Published: May 2018

Elderly ailing parents with dependent adult children face a complex set of problems that may seem insurmountable. A Services for Older Persons Unit of a family service agency has developed a clinical approach for dealing with these problems and of involving families and the community.
The Female Offender: A Forgotten Client?
Authors: Iglehart Alfreda P. , Stein Martha P.
Published: May 2018

The rapid increase in the number of women inmates is leading to interest in and concern for this historically invisible segment of the prison population. The specific needs of female offenders are discussed and recommendations are made for improving service delivery to them.
Making Decisions about Elder Abuse
Authors: Phillips Linda R. , Rempusheski Veronica F.
Published: May 2018

The study reported here indicated that, for at least some health care providers, determining whether abuse was present in a given situation was a complex and value-laden matter. More research and observation are needed to develop case detection and intervention guidelines.
Forensic Social Work: Practice and Vision
Authors: Brennan Thomas P. , Gedrich Amy E. , Jacoby Susan E. , Tardy Michael J. , Tyson Katherine B.
Published: May 2018

Forensic social work can bridge the gap between the criminal justice and mental health systems and serve clients who “fall between the cracks.” The authors describe theoretical and clinical issues, utilizing case examples and the literature to develop a conceptual paradigm for the role of social workers in this area.
Using Computer Technology in Child Placement Decisions
Authors: Schwab A. James , Bruce Michael E. , McRoy Ruth G.
Published: May 2018

Computer-based tools can be helpful to practitioners in making decisions about child placement. The system described in this article is based on statistical modeling of residential programs for children. Its use is illustrated by a hypothetical case history of a teenager.
Alcoholics Anonymous and the Alcoholic Defense Structure
Authors: Winegar Norman , Stephens Tedd A. , Varney E. Douglas
Published: May 2018

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is the oldest, largest, and perhaps most successful self-help group. However, many social work practitioners do not effectively utilize AA because they do not understand how it relates with therapeutic interventions. The authors discuss the ways in which AA complements therapy.
Practice Strategies for Engaging Chronic Multiproblem Families
Authors: Schlosberg Shirley B. , Kagan Richard M.
Published: May 2018

Working with families that have chronic, severe problems can be overwhelming for practitioners. Many such families have long histories of resistance to change. The authors describe a treatment approach for resistant families based on the therapist's feelings and use of resistance itself.
Privileged Communications for Social Workers
Authors: VandeCreek Leon , Knapp Samuel , Herzog Cindy
Published: May 2018

Psychotherapy clients expect and deserve confidentiality. However, privileged communication laws vary by state and profession. The authors discuss and recommend a functional privilege that would apply to all psychotherapy clients of all recognized mental health professions.
Personal and Professional Distress among Social Caseworkers
Authors: Cournoyer Barry R.
Published: May 2018

Human services organizations generally do not have methods for identifying early signs of distress among social caseworkers. The author discusses a developmental-interactional model that allows supervisors, administrators, and workers to assess personal and professional distress.
Event Analysis in Clinical Practice and Process Research
Authors: Davis Inger P. , Reid William J.
Published: May 2018

The authors review the literature in an effort to show how therapeutic events have been used in clinical practice and process research. Using a case example, they discuss and illustrate the use of “informative events” within the context of developing a model for family treatment.
AIDS and Terminal Illness
Authors: Moynihan Rosemary , Christ Grace , Silver Les Gallo
Published: May 2018

The authors discuss the specific social and psychological tasks that confront individuals who are dying with AIDS. The young age of the patient, the nature of the disease process, and the social context in which the death occurs profoundly affect the patients' experience.
Case-Management Practice in An AIDS Service Organization
Authors: Sonsel George E. , Paradise Frank , Stroup Stephen
Published: May 2018

Case management is widely used in various settings that require advocacy, coordination of services, and authorization or financing of services. The authors discuss case-management services as they apply to persons with AIDS and AIDS-related complex.
Developmentally Disabled Women who were Molested as Children
Authors: Cruz Virginia Kiehlbauch , Price-Williams Douglass , Andron Linda
Published: May 2018

The problems involved in treatment of developmentally disabled women who were sexually abused as children are discussed. Treatment issues and parental relationships of these women are examined. The authors recommend enlarging treatment for this population.
Happy Traditional and Companionship Marriages
Authors: Altrocchi John
Published: May 2018

Happily married couples were interviewed initially and four years later. All the the couples tended to be best friends and very accepting of each other. Results indicated that “companionship” couples worked harder on their marriage than did “traditional” couples.
The Inanimate Self in Adult Victims of Child Abuse and Neglect
Authors: Rosenthal Kenneth
Published: May 2018

Victims of child abuse and neglect adopt intrapsychic coping strategies that endure into adulthood. Drawing from the self-psychology field, the author describes these coping strategies with respect to the abused victim's desire for invisibility, fasting, and an inanimate self.
Preservation of the Self in Old Age
Authors: Tobin Sheldon S.
Published: May 2018

The very old use unique psychological mechanisms to preserve the self. These mechanisms include reminiscence, whereby the past and present become interchangeable, and aggression and coping magically in response to stress. Fostering these mechanisms can be helpful to the very old.
Bibliometric Analysis of Palliative Care-Related Publication Trends During 2001 to 2016
Authors: Liu Chia-Jen , Yeh Te-Chun , Hsu Su-Hsuan , Chu Chao-Mei , Liu Chih-Kuang , Chen Mingchih , Huang Sheng-Jean
Published: May 2018

Background:

The scientific contributions (publications) and international influence (citations) from authors providing the palliative care (PC)-related literature has a limited number of bibliometric reports. We aimed to analyze PC-related literature using the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science (WoS) database.

Methods:

WoS database was used to retrieve publications with the following key words with title: “palliative care” OR “End of Life care” OR “terminal care.”. The statistical analysis of the documents published during 2001 to 2016 was performed. The quantity and quality of research were assessed by the number of total publications and citation analysis. In addition, we also analyzed whether there were possible correlations between publication and socioeconomic factors.

Results:

The total research output was 6273 articles for PC. There was a 3-fold increase in the number of publications during the period and strong correlation between the year and number of PC-related publications ( R2 = .96). The United States took a leading position in PC research (2448, 39.0%). The highest average citations was reported for the Norway (21.8). Australia had gained the highest productive ability in PC research (24.9 of articles per million populations). The annual impact factor rose progressively with time and increased 1.13 to 2.24 from 2003 to 2016. The number of publications correlated with gross domestic product ( r = .74; P < .001).

Conclusion:

The United States and United Kingdom contributed most of the publications, but some East Asian countries also had a great performance. According to the socioeconomic factors, the publication capacity of top 20 countries is correlated with their economic scale.
Continuum damage mechanics-based analysis of creep–fatigue interaction behavior in a turbine rotor
Authors: Wang WZ , Liu YZ
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze the creep–fatigue interaction behavior of a steam turbine rotor under idealized cyclic thermomechanical loading conditions. A Chaboche model-based material constitutive model is applied to simulate the multiaxial stress–strain behavior in the rotor. Influence of accumulated damage during the whole iterations on the creep–fatigue interaction behavior is described by continuum damage mechanics. Analysis of the temperature and stress variations during the startup phase reveals that the startup phase can be divided into a condensation phase, a high steam flux phase, and an elevated temperature phase and that thermal stress reaches its maximum value in the condensation phase. In addition, creep–fatigue interaction in the rotor leads to a gradual decrease in the maximum stress; furthermore, comparison of the von Mises stress displays that the impact of damage accumulation results in the shift of the location with the maximum stress. Investigation of creep–fatigue damage discloses that the total damage is concentrated on the steam inlet notch zone and the blade groove of the first and third stages.
Guidelines for quantitative and qualitative studies of sensory substitution experience
Authors: Kałwak Weronika , Reuter Magdalena , Łukowska Marta , Majchrowicz Bartosz , Wierzchoń Michał
Published: May 2018

Information that is normally accessed through a sensory modality (substituted modality, e.g., vision) is provided by sensory substitution devices (SSDs) through an alternative modality such as hearing or touch (i.e., substituting modality). SSDs usually support disabled users by replacing sensory inputs that have been lost, but they also offer a unique opportunity to study adaptation and flexibility in human perception. Current debates in sensory substitution (SS) literature focus mostly on its neural correlates and behavioural consequences. In particular, studies have demonstrated the neural plasticity of the visual brain regions that are activated by the substituting modality. Participants also adapt to using the devices for a broad spectrum of cognitive tasks that usually require sight. However, little is known about the SS experience. Also, there is no agreement on how the phenomenology of SS should be studied. Here, we offer guidelines for the methodology of studies investigating behavioural adaptation to SS and the effects of this adaptation on the subjective SS experience. We also discuss factors that may influence the results of SS studies: (1) the type of SSD, (2) the effects of training, (3) the role of sensory deprivation, (4) the role of the experimental environment, (5) the role of the tasks participants follow, and (6) the characteristics of the participants. In addition, we propose combining qualitative and quantitative methods and discuss how this should be achieved when studying the neural, behavioural, and experiential consequences of SS.
Immunohistochemical characterisation of the hepatic stem cell niche in feline hepatic lipidosis: a preliminary morphological study
Authors: Valtolina Chiara , Robben Joris H , Favier Robert P , Rothuizen Jan , Grinwis Guy CM , Schotanus Baukje A , Penning Louis C
Published: May 2018

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the cellular and stromal components of the hepatic progenitor cell niche in feline hepatic lipidosis (FHL).

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining for the progenitor/bile duct marker (K19), activated Kupffer cells (MAC387), myofibroblasts (alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) and the extracellular matrix component laminin were used on seven liver biopsies of cats with FHL and three healthy cats. Double immunofluorescence stainings were performed to investigate co-localisation of different cell types in the hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) niche.

Results

HPCs, Kupffer cells, myofibroblasts and laminin deposition were observed in the liver samples of FHL, although with variability in the expression and positivity of the different immunostainings between different samples. When compared with the unaffected cats where K19 positivity and minimal α-SMA and laminin positivity were seen mainly in the portal area, in the majority of FHL samples K19 and α-SMA-positive cells and laminin positivity were seen also in the periportal and parenchymatous area. MAC387-positive cells were present throughout the parenchyma.

Conclusions and relevance

This is a preliminary morphological study to describe the activation and co-localisation of components of the HPC niche in FHL. Although the HPC niche in FHL resembles that described in hepatopathies in dogs and in feline lymphocytic cholangitis, the expression of K19, α-SMA, MAC387 and lamin is more variable in FHL, and a common pattern of activation could not be established. Nevertheless, when HPCs were activated, a spatial association between HPCs and their niche could be demonstrated.
Curved periacetabular osteotomy via a novel intermuscular approach between the sartorius and iliac muscles
Authors: Nishiwaki Toru , Oya Akihito , Fukuda Shinsuke , Nakamura Satoshi , Nakamura Masaya , Matsumoto Morio , Kanaji Arihiko
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Herein, we describe and evaluate a curved periacetabular osteotomy (CPO) via an intermuscular approach (IM-CPO) between the sartorius and iliac muscles.

Methods:

Between January 2009 and January 2016, IM-CPO was performed in 17 joints (16 patients), and a traditional CPO was performed in 17 joints. The length of incision at wound closure, operative time, intraoperative blood loss, serum creatinine kinase (CK) level the day after surgery, correctional angle, walking ability assessed using the gait items of the Harris Hip Score (at 3 and 6 months after surgery), and perioperative complications were evaluated. Group differences were assessed using t-tests.

Results:

The IM-CPO and CPO groups did not differ in the mean operative time (130 minutes and 124 minutes, respectively), mean serum CK the day after surgery (349 IU/L and 425 IU/L, respectively), or mean correctional angle (24.9° and 24.6°, respectively). The mean incision length was significantly shorter in the IM-CPO group (8.3 cm) compared to that in the CPO group (9.5 cm). The mean walking ability was significantly higher in the IM-CPO group (24.2 points) compared to that in the CPO group (20.9 points) at 3 months after surgery, but not at 6 months after surgery (26.4 points and 24.9 points, respectively). No serious complications were observed in either group.

Conclusion:

In addition to demonstrating a similarly satisfactory correctional angle, IM-CPO is anticipated to enable early weight-bearing and recovery of walking ability. Thus, IM-CPO is considered a superior surgical technique.
Mid-term migration analysis of a femoral short-stem prosthesis: a five-year EBRA-FCA-study
Authors: Freitag Tobias , Fuchs Michael , Woelfle-Roos Julia V , Reichel Heiko , Bieger Ralf
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the mid-term migration pattern of a femoral short stem.

Methods:

Implant migration of 73 femoral short-stems was assessed by Ein-Bild-Roentgen-Analysis Femoral-Component-Analysis (EBRA-FCA) 5 years after surgery. Migration pattern of the whole group was analysed and compared to the migration pattern of implants “at risk” with a subsidence of more than 1.5 mm 2 years postoperative.

Results:

Mean axial subsidence was 1.1 mm (–5.0 mm to 1.5 mm) after 60 months. There was a statistical significant axial migration until 2 years postoperative with settling thereafter. 2 years after surgery 18 of 73 Implants were classified “at risk.” Nevertheless, all stems showed secondary stabilisation in the following period with no implant failure neither in the group of implants with early stabilisation nor the group with extensive early onset migration.

Conclusion:

In summary, even in the group of stems with more pronounced early subsidence, delayed settling occurred in all cases. The determination of a threshold of critical early femoral short stem subsidence is necessary because of the differing migration pattern described in this study with delayed settling of the Fitmore stem 2 years postoperatively compared to early settling within the first postoperative year described for conventional stems.
Environmental Images in Indian Newspapers
Authors: Nirmala T. , Aram I. Arul
Published: May 2018

This study examines how the environment is represented in images in India’s two main national newspapers, The Times of India and The Hindu, in the calendar years 2014 and 2015. Photographs and infographics were taken for the analysis as they are frequently observed images in the newspapers. Using content analysis, manifest content of the images was analysed. Later, visual discourse analysis was used to find the inherent meaning present in the images of the environment. In this study, infographics have been subjected to a detailed analysis. The findings show that the images of climate change, biodiversity and water scarcity themes were most frequently found. Adverse impacts were well represented in newspapers such as the graphical information of global CO2 emissions, dipping levels of reservoirs and groundwater, and threats to the ecosystems. The Times of India used more of graphics with textual information as part of infographics and The Hindu used more of statistical data. Though The Times of India and The Hindu employ infographic artists besides graphic designers, infographics were scarce compared to photographs. Data journalism is the way of the future, and the newspapers should strive more to help public understand scientific and ethical aspects of an environmental problem better.
Late-onset neutropenia and neurological relapse, during long-term rituximab therapy in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody spectrum disorder
Authors: Biotti Damien , Lerebours Fleur , Bonneville Fabrice , Ciron Jonathan , Clanet Michel , Brassat David
Published: May 2018

Late-onset neutropenia after rituximab therapy (LONART) is defined as a fall in the absolute neutrophil count below 500/mm3 at least 3 weeks after rituximab infusion, in the absence of any other explanation. LONART is rare during dysimmune conditions but can be life-threatening. We report on two patients with LONART and associated neurological relapse occurring in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-antibody spectrum disorders. Rituximab was reintroduced in one patient, while the second patient was switched to tocilizumab. LONART can occur during anti-MOG spectrum disorders. Neurologists should be aware of this rare and treatable complication. Regular monitoring of blood cell counts is needed, and patients should be informed of the need to consult their physician if symptoms of infection appear.
Psychometric properties of the Danish student well-being questionnaire assessed in >250,000 student responders
Authors: Niclasen Janni , Keilow Maria , Obel Carsten
Published: May 2018

Background: Well-being is considered a prerequisite for learning. The Danish Ministry of Education initiated the development of a new 40-item student well-being questionnaire in 2014 to monitor well-being among all Danish public school students on a yearly basis. The aim of this study was to investigate the basic psychometric properties of this questionnaire. Methods: We used the data from the 2015 Danish student well-being survey for 268,357 students in grades 4–9 (about 85% of the study population). Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses and Cronbach’s α reliability measures were used in the analyses. Results: The factor analyses did not unambiguously support one particular factor structure. However, based on the basic descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, the semantics of the individual items and Cronbach’s α, we propose a four-factor structure including 27 of the 40 items originally proposed. The four scales measure school connectedness, learning self-efficacy, learning environment and classroom management. Two bullying items and two psychosomatic items should be considered separately, leaving 31 items in the questionnaire. Conclusions: The proposed four-factor structure addresses central aspects of well-being, which, if used constructively, may support public schools’ work to increase levels of student well-being.
Sixfold Post-Fracture Mortality in 16- To 30-Year-Old Patients—Suicides, Homicides, and Intoxications Among Leading Causes of Death
Authors: Somersalo A. , Paloneva J. , Lönnroos E. , Heinänen M. , Koponen H. , Kiviranta I.
Published: May 2018

Background and Aims:

The death of any young individual is associated with the loss of many potentially fulfilling years of life. It has been suggested that the relative mortality of fracture patients may be higher in younger age groups than in older cohorts. We determined the mortality and causes of death in a cohort of 16- to 30-year-old patients that had been hospitalized for fractures.

Material and Methods:

We collected data using criteria based on the diagnosis code (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision), surgical procedure code (Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee), and seven additional characteristics of patients admitted to the trauma ward at the Central Finland Hospital between 2002 and 2008. Patients were then followed to ascertain their mortality status until the end of 2012. Standardized mortality ratios were calculated and causes of death were determined by combining our registry data with data provided by Statistics Finland.

Results:

During the study, 199 women and 525 men aged 16–30 years had sustained fractures. None of these patients died during the primary hospital stay. At the end of follow-up (mean duration 7.4 years), 6 women and 23 men had died. The standardized mortality ratio for all patients was 6.2 (95% Confidence Interval: 4.3–8.9). Suicides and intoxications comprised over half, and motor vehicle accidents and homicides comprised nearly a third of the post-fracture deaths.

Conclusion:

We found a concerning increase in mortality among young adults that had been hospitalized due to a fracture compared to the general population that had been standardized by age, sex, and calendar-period. Leading causes of death were suicides and intoxications or motor vehicle accidents and homicides, which may be indicative of depressive disorders or impulse control disorders, respectively. Identification of the underlying psychosocial problems may provide an opportunity for preventive interventions.
At work and play
Authors: Crowther Phil , Orefice Chiara , Beard Colin
Published: May 2018

There is inadequate literature examining, and illustrating, the integration of play and business events and how this facilitates entrepreneurial opportunities. Business events are distinct from the patterns of ordinary life and increasingly offer participants an ‘invitation to play’, encouraging socialization and trust. This article examines the role of play in the design of business events and how this can enable entrepreneurial outcomes. Through examination of diverse, but related, literature and three contrasting, empirically based, case studies, this article illustrates how event creators take an increasingly entrepreneurial approach. These cases range from a charity event with participants sleeping with the homeless on a city’s streets, a major flooring manufacturer designing events to outsource innovation and an imaginative event activity termed ‘coffee and papers’. Designing events that fuse, rather than polarize, play and work enables business event settings, and activities, which trigger entrepreneurial outcomes. This article adds to the embryonic literature and concludes by identifying four principles that underlie the effectual facilitation of play in a business event setting.
Young People Who Display Harmful Sexual Behaviors and Their Families: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Their Experiences of Professional Interventions
Authors: Campbell Fiona , Booth Andrew , Hackett Simon , Sutton Anthea
Published: May 2018

It is estimated that 30–50% of all childhood sexual abuse involves other young people as perpetrators. The treatment of harmful sexual behavior (HSB) in young people has evolved from interventions developed for use with adult perpetrators of sexual offenses. Increasingly, these approaches were not seen as appropriate for use with young people. The purpose of this qualitative systematic review was to establish what intervention components are viewed as acceptable or useful by young people and their families in order to inform the development of interventions for young people with HSB. We conducted searches across 14 electronic databases as well as contacting experts to identify relevant studies. Thirteen qualitative studies were included in the analysis, reporting findings from intervention studies from the United Kingdom, United States, New Zealand, Australia, and Ireland. Thematic analysis was used to combine findings from the studies of young people and parent/carers views. Five key themes were identified as critical components of successful interventions for young people with HSB. These included the key role of the relationship between the young person and practitioner, the significance of the role of parents and carers, the importance of considering the wider context in which the abuse has occurred, the role of disclosure in interventions, and the need to equip young people with skills as well as knowledge. The evidence was limited by the small number of studies that were mainly from the perspectives of adolescent males.
Disciplinary Literacy: Virginia School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists’ Knowledge and Confidence
Authors: Davis Karen C. , Murza Kimberly A.
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this survey was to examine Speech-Language Pathologists’ (SLPs) confidence in their ability to support student outcomes by addressing language-literacy needs, to align therapy to educational standards, and to align therapy to student content areas. A total of 237 school-based SLPs in Virginia completed a 19-item survey. Results indicated school-based SLPs were largely unfamiliar with the concept of disciplinary literacy and only 53% of the respondents indicated that they were “ Very confident” or “ Somewhat confident” in their ability to align their therapy to students’ content areas. Confidence level was found to be negatively correlated with SLPs’ experience level ( rs = −.14–−.24, p < .05) and positively correlated with their rating of their education ( rs = .28–.39, p < .01). These results suggest school-based SLPs could benefit from professional development in the area of disciplinary literacy as well as the broader area of adolescent language and literacy interventions.
Springback mechanism analysis and experimentation of orthodontic archwire bending considering slip warping phenomenon
Authors: Jin-gang Jiang , Xue-Feng Ma , Yong-De Zhang , Yi Liu , Biao Huo
Published: May 2018

Malocclusion is a common oral disease. Fixed appliance technology is the most common and effective malocclusion orthodontic treatment method, and the key step of fixed appliance technology is the bending of orthodontic archwire. Because the slip warping phenomenon exists in the process of orthodontic archwire bending, it is difficult to realize rapid and accurate bending of the customized orthodontic archwires. A bending springback mechanism model considering the slip warping of the archwire in the process of bending is established. The influence of the slip warping phenomenon of the archwire between the fixed mold and the rotation mold is considered in the analysis of the springback mechanism. The bending process of archwire is divided into two stages: elastic deformation and plastic deformation, based on the variety of the bending radius in the bending process. A springback mechanism model of the orthodontic archwire is established. The springback mechanism model of the orthodontic archwire is analyzed and compensated based on the characteristics of the robot structure. An archwire bending experiment is carried out to verify the correctness of the springback mechanism model of the orthodontic archwire.
The independent statistician model: How well is it working?
Authors: DeMets David
Published: May 2018

With the initiation in the late 1960s of the data and safety monitoring board or equivalently the data monitoring committee in randomized clinical trials came the need for interim statistical reports for these committees to review for study conduct and early evidence of harm or overwhelming evidence of benefit, perhaps leading to early trial termination. Initially, the statistical team was part of the data coordinating center for the trial. Later, starting in the early 1990s in many industry-sponsored trials, this statistical unit was separated organizationally from the team that collected and managed the data. This unit, often referred to as the statistical data analysis center, prepares reports for the data monitoring committee, which cover study conduct, data quality and completeness, primary and secondary outcomes, and safety measures by study arm in an unblinded fashion. The role of the statistical data analysis center is critical to any well-functioning data monitoring committee. With the proliferation of data monitoring committees has grown the need for many more well-trained and experienced statistical data analysis centers. In my experience, some such units perform their tasks extremely well but many do not. There is a tremendous need and opportunity to provide training for statistical data analysis centers, and what sponsors and data monitoring committees should expect from statistical data analysis centers.
The importance of correctly characterising the English spelling system when devising and evaluating methods of reading instruction: Comment on Taylor, Davis, and Rastle (2017)
Authors: Bowers Jeffrey S , Bowers Peter N
Published: May 2018

Taylor, Davis, and Rastle employed an artificial language learning paradigm to compare phonics and meaning-based approaches to reading instruction. Adults were taught consonant, vowel, and consonant (CVC) words composed of novel letters when the mappings between letters and sounds were completely systematic and the mappings between letters and meaning were completely arbitrary. At test, performance on naming tasks was better following training that emphasised the phonological rather than the semantic mappings, whereas performance on semantic tasks was similar in the two conditions. The authors concluded that these findings support phonics for early reading instruction in English. However, in our view, these conclusions are not justified given that the artificial language mischaracterised both the phonological and semantic mappings in English. Furthermore, the way participants studied the arbitrary letter-meaning correspondences bears little relation to meaning-based strategies used in schools. To compare phonics with meaning-based instruction it must be determined whether phonics is better than alternative forms of instruction that fully exploit the regularities within the semantic route. This is rarely assessed because of a widespread and mistaken assumption that underpins so much basic and applied research, namely, that the main function of spellings is to represent sounds.
Refining memory: Sugar, oil and plantation tourism on Louisiana’s River Road
Authors: Rapson Jessica K
Published: May 2018

This article explores the contemporary mediation of memory at two plantation heritage sites on Louisiana’s River Road. These sites, I argue, are systematically ‘refining’ cultural memories of African American enslavement, in a metaphorical echo of the industrial processing of commodities (oil and sugar) which takes place in the same landscape. The essay draws on initial informal ethnographic fieldwork at Oak Alley (the most-visited River Road plantation) and St Joseph (a working plantation) in 2015. I identify ways in which curatorial direction, guided tours and visitor facilities at each site elide the reality of slave sugar production. The results of this fieldwork are considered in light of a range of existing literature on contested heritage and environmental criticism, enabling a provisional contextualisation of ‘refined’ memory-making within the broader socio-economic and environmental context of River Road.
Early childhood education and early childhood development: Do the differences matter?
Authors: Sims Margaret , Brettig Karl
Published: May 2018

In many Western nations (an area of the world identified by Connell as the Global North), the early childhood sector has positioned itself within the education discourse. This positioning brings along with it the neo-liberal agenda in relation to education – i.e. that education’s key aim is the preparation of employable future employees (children as human capital). Along with this is the increasing imposition of employer-identified skills and knowledges on the curriculum in order to shape children, through education, into the ‘right’ attitudes, dispositions and knowledges. Thus, early childhood education has become increasingly subject to external accreditation, whereby services are evaluated based on their adherence to predetermined standards. Early childhood educators’ work has increasingly required the operation of a panoptic view of children, whose every behaviour is observed, recorded and judged. The authors argue that such standards, in some contexts, act as barriers to effective service delivery and present examples of work from the Global South, demonstrating how an early childhood development focus facilitates a holistic approach to early childhood service delivery. The authors demonstrate how that development focus can be operationalised in the Global North and suggest that, as the sector proceeds towards professionalisation, it needs to consider its direction.
Cervical spine taper ratios: Normal tolerance limits
Authors: Thompson Adrienne , Zea Ryan , Haughton Victor
Published: May 2018

Background

Spinal canal tapering, which can be measured as taper ratios, affects cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamics. We calculated the tolerance interval for normal cervical spine taper ratios to facilitate the detection of abnormal taper ratios.

Methods

We collected a series of patients who had cervical spine magnetic resonance studies reported as normal. We measured anteroposterior diameters of the cervical spine and calculated C1–C4, C4–C7, and C1–C7 taper by standard methodology. We calculated the normal tolerance limits for taper ratios and compared results of this study with data in previous reports on taper ratios.

Results

We enrolled 78 patients aged 2–55 years. The 99% tolerance limits for the taper ratios for C1–C4, C4–C7, and C1–C7 were −0.31 to +0.09, −0.11 to +0.14, and −0.13 to +0.05 cm/level, respectively. Age and sex were not significant variables for taper ratios. Taper ratios in this study agreed with those reported for controls in previous studies. Patients with syringomyelia in previous reports tended to have taper ratios outside the normal tolerance limits.

Conclusion

Normal limits of the cervical taper ratios are reported.
Elevated serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol are associated with major depressive disorder: A case-control study
Authors: Islam Md Rabiul , Islam Md Reazul , Ahmed Imtiaz , Moktadir Abdullah Al , Nahar Zabun , Islam Mohammad Safiqul , Shahid Shelina Fatema Binte , Islam Sheikh Nazrul , Islam Md Saiful , Hasnat Abul
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Major depressive disorder is diagnosed on the basis of patient’s self-reported experiences, behavior reported by relatives, and a mental status examination, and yet we do not have any reliable biomarker for this. Mood-regulating pathways are affected by oxidative injury to lipids and cortisol is released into the blood due to stimulation of corticotrophin receptors in the adrenal cortex. Here, we aimed to determine serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol in major depressive disorder patients and controls.

Methods:

We collected blood samples from 247 major depressive disorder patients and 248 controls. Serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, respectively.

Results:

We found malondialdehyde levels were significantly higher in patients than controls, with mean ± standard deviation at 4.49 ± 1.37 and 2.87 ± 0.82 µmol/L, respectively, p < 0.001. Cortisol levels were also found significantly higher in patients than controls, with mean ± SD at 19.22 ± 1.64 and 17.37 ± 1.34 µg/dL, respectively, p < 0.001. Significant negative correlation was observed between serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol in patients ( r =−0.170, p = 0.021). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic value for malondialdehyde and cortisol, with the area under the curve at 0.853 and 0.819, respectively.

Conclusion:

The present study suggests that increased serum levels of malondialdehyde and cortisol are strongly associated with major depressive disorder. We believe elevations of malondialdehyde and cortisol in serum level arise independently and they could serve as biomarkers for major depressive disorder.
Need for support or economic competition? Implicit associations with immigrants during the 2015 migrant crisis
Authors: Johann David , Thomas Kathrin
Published: May 2018

How did the Austrian public think about immigrants at the peak of the 2015 migrant crisis? News media and policy makers suggested a cleavage in public opinion along the lines of humanitarian support and economic competition. We empirically disentangle these groups using a Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT). The data were collected by Project Implicit as a part of an online panel survey initiated by the Austrian National Election Study (AUTNES). The analyses reveal that Austrian citizens predominantly associate immigrants with the need for support. However, implicit associations also seem to vary depending on citizens’ backgrounds and beliefs. The findings further indicate that implicit associations towards immigrants affect citizens’ policy preferences.
Uzbekistan as Central Asian game changer? Uzbekistan’s foreign policy construction in the post-Karimov era
Authors: Dadabaev Timur
Published: May 2018

With the death of first president of Uzbekistan Karimov, and Mirziyoyev’s appointment as interim president in 2016 and election to the presidency in December of the same year, speculation appeared in the media suggesting that Uzbekistan would move closer to Russia because of the close personal ties between the president and Russian elites. Others suggested that Uzbekistan would either follow the path designed by the first president or fall into isolationism like Turkmenistan. This article aims to explain the continuity and shifts in Uzbekistan’s foreign policy behaviour in the year following the death of the first president and the election of President Mirziyoyev.
Institutional Rhetoric Versus Local Reality: A Case Study of Burunge Wildlife Management Area, Tanzania
Authors: Kicheleri Rose P. , Treue Thorsten , Nielsen Martin R. , Kajembe George C. , Mombo Felister M.
Published: May 2018

Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) are establishments that promote wildlife conservation and rural development in Tanzania. However, through focus group discussions, key informant interviews, a questionnaire survey, and literature review, we found that the participation of local people in both the establishment and management of the WMA was limited and rife with conflict. While benefits have materialized at the communal level, local people saw neither value nor benefit of the WMA to their livelihoods. Specifically, local people’s access to natural resources got worse while private eco-tourism investors and the central government have gained financially. Contrary to the livelihood enhancing WMA rhetoric, top-down institutional choices have sidelined democratically elected Village Governments and successive legislative adjustments disenfranchised and dispossessed them and their constituencies. We conclude that village governments should consistently demand for their legal rights to the resources on their land until the WMA approach to conservation and development is democratized.