bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Niche conservatism over deep timescales and diverse niche axes in land vertebrates
Authors: Saban Kristen E. , Qu Yan‐Fu , Wiens John J.
Published: June 2023

Aim

There has been considerable interest in niche conservatism, the idea that ecological variables are similar among related species. Much research has focused on climatic niches of recently diverged species, rather than deeper timescales or non‐climatic niche axes. Furthermore, it has been suggested that conservatism disappears over deeper timescales, and is greater in alpha niche traits (like diet and microhabitat) than beta niche variables (like climate). Here, we test these latter two ideas by comparing patterns of phylogenetic conservatism among 10 niche variables across major clades of land vertebrates.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Present to 350 million years ago.

Major Taxa Studied

Tetrapods, including amphibians, mammals, lepidosaurs (including lizards and snakes), turtles, crocodilians and birds.

Methods

The 10 niche variables included four alpha niche components (diet, diel activity, habitat, body temperature) and six beta niche components (related to climatic temperature and precipitation). We analysed these variables on time‐calibrated phylogenies with similar taxon sampling (~1700 species), using phylogenetic signal (lambda) to estimate conservatism, along with the D statistic and estimates of evolutionary rates.

Results

Phylogenetic signal was generally strong across all variables, with lambda generally >0.80 (with 1.0 representing maximum signal). Nevertheless, mean phylogenetic signal was lower in beta niche traits than alpha niche traits (based on lambda and especially the D statistic), and alpha niche traits showed significantly slower rates of evolution.

Main Conclusions

We address two long‐held views in the literature on niche conservatism, rejecting one but supporting the other. We show that phylogenetic signal does not disappear over deep timescales for many important niche variables, even over 350 million years. We also generally support greater conservatism in alpha niche traits than beta niche traits over hundreds of millions of years, a pattern that was previously suggested (but not explicitly tested) based on closely related species.
Bone marrow haematopoiesis in patients with COVID‐19
Authors: Marques‐Maggio Ewerton , Maccio Umberto , Marx Alexandra , Galli Serena , Schwab Nathalie , Frank Angela , Hamelin Baptiste , Varga Zsuzsanna , Nombela‐Arrieta César , Mertz Kirsten D , Theocharides Alexandre PA , Koelzer Viktor H
Published: June 2023

Aims

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection broadly affects organ homeostasis, including the haematopoietic system. Autopsy studies are a crucial tool for investigation of organ‐specific pathologies. Here we perform an in‐depth analysis of the impact of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) on bone marrow haematopoiesis in correlation with clinical and laboratory parameters.

Methods and results

Twenty‐eight autopsy cases and five controls from two academic centres were included in the study. We performed a comprehensive analysis of bone marrow pathology and microenvironment features with clinical and laboratory parameters and assessed SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of the bone marrow by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis. In COVID‐19 patients, bone marrow specimens showed a left‐shifted myelopoiesis (19 of 28, 64%), increased myeloid–erythroid ratio (eight of 28, 28%), increased megakaryopoiesis (six of 28, 21%) and lymphocytosis (four of 28, 14%). Strikingly, a high proportion of COVID‐19 specimens showed erythrophagocytosis (15 of 28, 54%) and the presence of siderophages (11 of 15, 73%) compared to control cases (none of five, 0%). Clinically, erythrophagocytosis correlated with lower haemoglobin levels and was more frequently observed in patients from the second wave. Analysis of the immune environment showed a strong increase in CD68+ macrophages (16 of 28, 57%) and a borderline lymphocytosis (five of 28, 18%). The stromal microenvironment showed oedema (two of 28, 7%) and severe capillary congestion (one of 28, 4%) in isolated cases. No stromal fibrosis or microvascular thrombosis was found. While all cases had confirmed positive testing of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the respiratory system, SARS‐CoV‐2 was not detected in the bone marrow by high‐sensitivity PCR, suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 does not commonly replicate in the haematopoietic microenvironment.

Conclusions

SARS‐CoV‐2 infection indirectly impacts the haematological compartment and the bone marrow immune environment. Erythrophagocytosis is frequent and associated with lower haemoglobin levels in patients with severe COVID‐19.
Effectiveness and safety of a narrow band spectrum intense pulsed‐light dye with long pulse Nd:YAG laser for treating facial vascular lesions
Authors: Urdiales‐Gálvez Fernando , Castellano‐Miralla Antonio
Published: June 2023

Objective

Different devices are currently used for treating facial vascular lesions (FVL). This paper presents the aesthetic outcomes using different light‐based and laser devices, including narrow band spectrum intense pulsed‐light dye (NB‐Dye‐VL), Pulsed dye laser (PDL)–neodymium‐doped yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet (Nd:YAG) dual‐therapy, and either PDL or LP Nd:YAG for treating FVL in a clinical setting.

Methods

A retrospective and single‐center study conducted on subjects ≥18 years with FVL. Patients underwent treatment with either PDL + LP Nd:YAG dual‐therapy, NB‐Dye‐VL, PDL, or LP Nd:YAG, according to the patient and lesion characteristics. The primary outcome was the weighted degree of satisfaction.

Results

The cohort consisted of fourteen patients, nine women (64.3%) and five men (35.7%). The most prevalent FVL types treated were rosacea (28.6%; 4/14) and spider hemangioma (21.4%; 3/14). Seven patients underwent PDL + Nd:YAG (50.0%), three were treated with NB‐Dye‐VL (21.4%), and PDL or LP Nd:YAG was performed in two patients each (14.3%). Eleven patients rated their treatment outcome as excellent (78.6%), and three as very good (21.4%). Practitioners 1 and 2 classified treatment results as excellent in eight cases (57.1%) each. No serious or permanent adverse events were reported. Two (14.3%) patients, one treated with PDL and the other with PDL + LP Nd:YAG dual‐therapy, had post‐treatment purpura, which was successfully resolved with topical treatment after 5 and 7 days, respectively.

Conclusions

NB‐Dye‐VL and the PDL + LP Nd:YAG dual‐therapy devices achieve excellent aesthetic outcomes for treating a wide range of FVL.
The Coherence of Buddhism: Relativism, Ethics, and Psychology
Authors: Gold Jonathan C.
Published: June 2023

This essay defends a Buddhist answer to the question of how a skeptical tradition might account for its moral position. Two domains in Buddhist thought and practice are often considered to be dissimilar, perhaps contradictory. On the one hand, there is an aspiration to nirvana and a philosophy that describes everything as “emptiness” and rejects, with apparent universality, “attachment to views.” On the other hand, Buddhist traditions of practice recommend actions based in compassion and loving kindness, and the cultivation of contentment, introspective awareness, and peace of mind. It is argued that these arenas are not in conflict, but are linked through Buddhist psychology, wherein the proven limitations of concepts are quite explicitly leveraged to show that beings hampered by such limits ought to think and act with epistemic humility. The result is not nihilism, but a method for improving our perspectives on ourselves and our society—a method that may serve as a model for humanistic research.
Ranking task versus intensity scales, what is the best method to evaluate odor‐induced taste enhancement?
Authors: Aveline Christopher , Thomas‐Danguin Thierry , Sinding Charlotte
Published: June 2023

Odorants in food or beverages might enhance the taste. This phenomenon is called Odor‐Induced Taste Enhancement (OITE). OITE has been shown using taste‐intensity visual analog scales (VAS). VAS is often criticized because it is prone to halo‐dumping effects. We compared VAS and ranking methods to evaluate OITE in people living with normal‐weight or obesity. Sweet apple juice and salty green‐pea soup were spiked with either vanillin or bacon odorants to produce OITE. In the VAS experiment, saltiness, sweetness, sourness, bitterness and the global aroma intensities were evaluated for each base with and without the odorants. The ranking task consisted in ranking from the lowest to the highest sweetness/saltiness intensities, three references with increasing tastant concentration and a target solution with the lowest tastant concentration and the odorant. VAS highlighted OITE neither in the apple juice nor in the green‐pea soup, in no group. The ranking method revealed an OITE in the green‐pea soup in both groups, and only the group with obesity experienced OITE in the apple juice.

Practical Applications

The ranking task appears as an optimal method to highlight OITE and is sufficiently sensitive to demonstrate subtle differences related to participants' weight status. The ranking task is easy to perform, does not require training and does not imply a high number of participants to be statistically powered. Odor‐Induced Taste Enhancement is a strategy that might be employed to significantly reduce salt, and sugar, while maintaining an acceptable taste intensity, at home as well as in food formulation by the industry.
Restless sleep disorder in children with epileptic and non‐epileptic nocturnal attacks
Authors: Benbir Senel Gulcin , Tunali Aysun , Karadeniz Derya , DelRosso Lourdes M.
Published: June 2023

Restless sleep disorder (RSD) is an important sleep disorder characterised by the presence of frequent large muscle movements (LMM) during sleep, which may be comorbid to other conditions/diseases. In this study, we investigated the frequency and the characteristics of RSD among children who were evaluated by polysomnography (PSG) due to epileptic and non‐epileptic nocturnal attacks. We analysed consecutively children younger than 18 years who were referred for PSG recording due to abnormal motor activities during sleep. The diagnosis of nocturnal events as sleep‐related epilepsy was made based on the current consensus. Patients who were referred with suspicion of sleep‐related epilepsy, but who were diagnosed to have non‐epileptic nocturnal events and children with a definitive diagnosis of NREM sleep parasomnias were also enrolled. Sixty‐two children were analysed in this study (17 children with sleep‐related epilepsy, 20 children with NREM parasomnia, and 25 children with nocturnal events not otherwise classified [neNOS]). The mean number of LMM, LMM index, LMM‐associated with arousal and its index were all significantly higher in children with sleep‐related epilepsy. Restless sleep disorder was present in 47.1% of patients with epilepsy, 25% of patients with parasomnia, and in 20% of patients with neNOS. The mean A3 duration and the A3 index were higher in children with sleep‐related epilepsy and RSD compared with those with parasomnia and restless sleep disorder. Patients with RSD had lower ferritin levels than those without RSD in all subgroups. Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of restless sleep disorder in children with sleep‐related epilepsy, associated with an increased cyclic alternating pattern.
Estimation on unevenly spaced time series
Authors: Giraitis Liudas , Marotta Fulvia
Published: June 2023

In many different fields realizations of stationary time series might be recorded at irregular points in time, resulting in observed unevenly spaced samples. These missing observations can happen for several reasons, depending on the mechanisms that record the data or external conditions that force the missing observations. In this article, we first focus on the question if we can estimate the mean of a stationary time series when data are not equally spaced. We show that any unevenly spaced sample can be used to estimate the mean of an underlying stationary linear time series. Specifically, we do not impose any restrictions on sampling structure and times, as long as they are independent of the underlying time series. We provide an expression for the sample mean estimator and we establish its asymptotic properties and the central limit theorem. Subsequently we studentize estimation which allows to build confidence intervals for the mean. Finite sample properties of the estimator for the mean are investigated in a Monte Carlo study which confirms good performance of such estimation procedure.
Habitat preferences and functional traits drive longevity in Himalayan high‐mountain plants
Authors: Chondol Thinles , Klimeš Adam , Altman Jan , Čapková Kateřina , Dvorský Miroslav , Hiiesalu Inga , Jandová Veronika , Kopecký Martin , Macek Martin , Řeháková Klára , Liancourt Pierre , Doležal Jiří
Published: June 2023

Plant lifespan has important evolutionary, physiological, and ecological implications related to population persistence, community stability, and resilience to ongoing environmental change impacts. Although biologists have long been puzzled over the extraordinary variation in plant lifespan and its causes, our understanding of interspecific variability in plant lifespan and the key internal and external factors influencing longevity remains limited. Here, we demonstrate the concurrent impacts of environmental, morphological, physiological, and anatomical constraints on interspecific variation in longevity among > 300 vascular dicot plant species naturally occurring at an elevation gradient (2800–6150 m) in the western Himalayas. First, we show that plant longevity (ranging from 1 to 100 years) is largely related to species' habitat preferences. Ecologically stressful habitats such as alpine and subnival host long‐lived species, while productive ruderal and wetland habitats contain a higher proportion of shorter‐lived species. Second, longevity is influenced by growth form with monocarpic forbs having the shortest lifespan and woody shrubs having the highest. Small‐statured cushion plants with compact canopies and deep roots, most found on cold and infertile alpine and subnival soils, had a higher chance of achieving longevity. Third, plant traits reflecting plant adaptations to stress and disturbance affect interspecific differences in plant longevity. We show that longevity and growth are negatively correlated. Slow‐growing species are those that have a higher chance of reaching a high age. Finally, higher longevity was associated with high leaf carbon and phosphorus, low root phosphorus and nitrogen, and with large bark‐xylem ratio. Our findings suggest that plant longevity in high elevation is intricately determined by a combination of habitat preferences and growth form, as well as the plant growth rate and physiological processes.
Meaning in derogatory social practices
Authors: Mühlebach Deborah
Published: June 2023

Verbal derogation is not only a linguistic but also, and perhaps more importantly, a political phenomenon. In this paper, I argue that to do justice to the political relevance of derogatory terms, we must not neglect the social practices and structures in which the use of these terms is embedded. I aim to show that inferentialist semantics is especially helpful to account for this social embeddedness and, consequently, the political relevance of derogatory terms. I am concerned with specifying the linguistic and political aspects of terms that are at the core of derogatory language use. I explain them with the help of Brandomian inferentialism, which tends to be quickly dismissed or ignored in discussions about the meaning of derogatory terms. My inferentialist account is in line with Lynne Tirrell's broader inferentialist framework for understanding derogatory communicative practices. I provide the semantic details of her broader inferentialist view and thereby aim to show that inferentialist semantics is a promising theory which cannot be neglected in further discussion of meaning and politics in derogatory language use.
Equitable Response in Crisis: Methodology and Application for COVID-19
Authors: Trump Benjamin D. , Jin Andrew , Galaitsi Stephanie , Cummings Christopher , Jarman Holly , Greer Scott , Sharma Vidur , Linkov Igor
Published: June 2023

Equitable allocation and distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine have proven to be a major policy challenge exacerbated by incomplete pandemic risk data. To rectify this shortcoming, a three-step data visualization methodology was developed to assess COVID-19 vaccination equity in the United States using state health department, U.S. Census, and CDC data. Part one establishes an equitable pathway deviation index to identify populations with limited vaccination. Part two measures perceived access and public intentions to vaccinate over time. Part three synthesizes these data with the social vulnerability index to identify areas and communities at particular risk. Results demonstrate significant equity differences at a census-tract level, and across demographic and socioeconomic population characteristics. Results were used by various federal agencies to improve coordinated pandemic risk response and implement a commitment to equity as defined by the Executive Order regarding COVID-19 vaccination and booster policy. This methodology can be utilized in other fields where addressing the difficulties of promoting health equity in public policy is essential.
A Case Study Investigation Into a Group Online Sport Psychology Support Intervention for Injured Athletes
Authors: Heaney Caroline , Kentzer Nichola
Published: June 2023

Sport psychology support can have a positive impact on sport injury rehabilitation; however, there appear to be barriers to injured athletes accessing such support (e.g., financial and geographical constraints). Online delivery has been suggested as a method to address some of these barriers. This case study therefore sought to explore whether an online sport psychology support hub was an effective method of sport injury psychology support. Sixteen injured athletes (seven male and nine female) participated in a 6-week sport psychology intervention where they were given access to an online hub moderated by a sport psychologist, in which sport psychology support was provided through social support (online forum), written emotional disclosure (diary), and psychological skills development (education resources). The impact of the hub was measured through analysis of the forum posts, diary entries, and responses to an evaluation questionnaire. While engagement with the hub was not as high as anticipated, the athletes reported several positive benefits from using the hub and rated its overall impact highly, demonstrating the potential of online delivery.
Serving a Brief-Contact Cognitive Behavior Therapy Intervention in Youth Tennis Using a Single-Case Design
Authors: Moffat Zoe Louise , McCarthy Paul
Published: June 2023

Brief cognitive behavior therapy is planned brief therapy designed to influence a specific target behavior (e.g., sport performance) with the lowest investment of cost and time. We report a brief cognitive behavior therapy intervention delivered to improve serve performance in county-level youth tennis players (three male and one female; Mage = 14.90 years). Following an assessment of athlete needs, we implemented a brief-contact intervention involving diaphragmatic breathing. The intervention was delivered across two “structured” sessions, with the athletes having access to the sport psychologist between sessions as required. To assess the effectiveness of the intervention, we implemented a single-case withdrawal design. Results indicated that the intervention had a positive effect on performance, with athletes’ first-serve percentage increasing significantly (3.91%, p < .05). Results also indicated that a minimum preperformance-routine time (routine > 2 s) might be required for effective performance outcomes. Finally, we offer reflections on the delivery and implementation of a single-case design, while navigating avenues of professional development.
Brand Management and Social Media
Authors: Cianfrone Beth A.
Published: June 2023

Social media allows sport entities (organizations, athletes, coaches, fans, and partnering companies) to reach audiences across the world and create, extend, maintain, and improve their brand equity through constant communication. Brand management and the strategies employed by entities to create effective content that reinforces brand image and brand equity are a common goal among sport marketers. Over the last 20 years, scholars have investigated a wide range of topics in sport social media and branding, yet there is a need to continue to expand the social media brand management literature to address and reflect rapidly changing industry challenges. The purpose of this commentary is to provide a reflection of past academic literature, while critically examining areas in methodology and theory to guide future research. The recommendations of more sophisticated designs, along with a call for experimental designs, qualitative approaches, and critical communication inquiry, among others, are discussed.
An Insight Into the Use of Personality Assessment by U.K. Sport Psychology Consultants
Authors: Rowles Stephen , Holder Tim
Published: June 2023

Personality has a long, if somewhat checkered history in the sport psychology literature, but insight into its use in contemporary applied practice is more limited. This study investigated contemporary sport psychology consultants’ perceptions of using personality assessment. Ten participants (four female and six male; mean 14 years’ applied experience), all Health and Care Professions Council–registered and accredited by either the British Psychological Society or British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences, were purposefully sampled and interviewed. An inductive thematic analysis was then performed. Five themes were identified: effective practice, perceived impact, societal movements, organizational experience, and innovation. Findings deliver an original insight into the perceptions of practitioners around personality assessment in sport, illustrating a movement from prediction to development in the field and providing novel examples of bespoke, individualized tool application. Broad training and career experiences will help practitioners fully appreciate these potential opportunities.
How the molecules of life became one-handed
Authors: Service Robert F.
Published: June 2023

“Breakthrough” experiments suggest magnetic materials skewed early biomolecules
The interplay between innate lymphoid cells and microbiota
Authors: Wang Rui , Cui Wenwen , Yang Huan
Published: June 2023

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mainly resident in mucosal tissues such as gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, so they are closely linked to the microbiota. ILCs can protect commensals to maintain homeostasis and increase resistance to pathogens. Moreover, ILCs also play an early role in defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, before the intervention of adaptive immune system. Due to the lack of adaptive antigen receptors expressed on T cells and B cells, ILCs need to use other means to sense the signals of microbiota and play a role in corresponding regulation. In this review, we focus on and summarize three major mechanisms used in the interaction between ILCs and microbiota: the mediation of accessory cells represented by dendritic cells; the metabolic pathways of microbiota or diet; the participation of adaptive immune cells.
Functional expression of foreign magnetosome genes in the alphaproteobacterium
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
Authors: Awal Ram Prasad , Lefevre Christopher T. , Schüler Dirk
Published: June 2023

Magnetosomes of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) consist of structurally perfect, nano-sized magnetic crystals enclosed within vesicles of a proteo-lipid membrane. In species of
Magnetospirillum,
biosynthesis of their cubo-octahedral-shaped magnetosomes was recently demonstrated to be a complex process, governed by about 30 specific genes that are comprised within compact magnetosome gene clusters (MGCs). Similar, yet distinct gene clusters were also identified in diverse MTB that biomineralize magnetosome crystals with different, genetically encoded morphologies. However, since most representatives of these groups are inaccessible by genetic and biochemical approaches, their analysis will require the functional expression of magnetosome genes in foreign hosts. Here, we studied whether conserved essential magnetosome genes from closely and remotely related MTB can be functionally expressed by rescue of their respective mutants in the tractable model
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
of the
Alphaproteobacteria
. Upon chromosomal integration, single orthologues from other magnetotactic
Alphaproteobacteria
restored magnetosome biosynthesis to different degrees, while orthologues from distantly related
Magnetococcia
and
Deltaproteobacteria
were found to be expressed but failed to re-induce magnetosome biosynthesis, possibly due to poor interaction with their cognate partners within multiprotein magnetosome organelle of the host. Indeed, co-expression of the known interactors MamB and MamM from the alphaproteobacterium
Magnetovibrio blakemorei
increased functional complementation. Furthermore, a compact and portable version of the entire MGCs of
M. magneticum
was assembled by transformation-associated recombination cloning, and it restored the ability to biomineralize magnetite both in deletion mutants of the native donor and
M. gryphiswaldense
, while co-expression of gene clusters from both
M. gryphiswaldense
and
M. magneticum
resulted in overproduction of magnetosomes.

IMPORTANCE

We provide proof of principle that
Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
is a suitable surrogate host for the functional expression of foreign magnetosome genes and extended the transformation-associated recombination cloning platform for the assembly of entire large magnetosome gene cluster, which could then be transplanted to different magnetotactic bacteria. The reconstruction, transfer, and analysis of gene sets or entire magnetosome clusters will be also promising for engineering the biomineralization of magnetite crystals with different morphologies that would be valuable for biotechnical applications.
Acinetobacter radioresistensandMicrobacterium paraoxydansendocarditis in patient with indwelling catheter and metastatic carcinoma
Authors: Pinchman Elizabeth , Hoenig Benjamin , Solorzano Gabriel , Martin Charles
Published: June 2023

Acinetobacter radioresistensis a rare cause of nosocomial infection and is believed to confer antibiotic resistance to aggressive bacterial species. We present the first reported case of polymicrobial endocarditis caused byA. radioresistensandMicrobacterium paraoxydansco-infection, a case of a woman in her late 60s with bacteraemia and ultimate finding of endometrial carcinoma. Bacteraemia with either agent in a previously healthy patient should prompt providers to search for underlying malignancy or immunological problem.

We support the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry for identifying these organisms in cultures, as well as the development of faster isolation techniques through PCR. Furthermore, we advocate for providers to order early antibiotic susceptibility testing, since our patient’sMicrobacteriumsp was not susceptible to meropenem unlike mostMicrobacteriumreported in literature.
Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport–Amsterdam, October 2022
Authors: Patricios Jon S , Schneider Kathryn J , Dvorak Jiri , Ahmed Osman Hassan , Blauwet Cheri , Cantu Robert C , Davis Gavin A , Echemendia Ruben J , Makdissi Michael , McNamee Michael , Broglio Steven , Emery Carolyn A , Feddermann-Demont Nina , Fuller Gordon Ward , Giza Christopher C , Guskiewicz Kevin M , Hainline Brian , Iverson Grant L , Kutcher Jeffrey S , Leddy John J , Maddocks David , Manley Geoff , McCrea Michael , Purcell Laura K , Putukian Margot , Sato Haruhiko , Tuominen Markku P , Turner Michael , Yeates Keith Owen , Herring Stanley A , Meeuwisse Willem
Published: June 2023

For over two decades, the Concussion in Sport Group has held meetings and developed five international statements on concussion in sport. This 6th statement summarises the processes and outcomes of the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Amsterdam on 27–30 October 2022 and should be read in conjunction with the (1) methodology paper that outlines the consensus process in detail and (2) 10 systematic reviews that informed the conference outcomes. Over 3½ years, author groups conducted systematic reviews of predetermined priority topics relevant to concussion in sport. The format of the conference, expert panel meetings and workshops to revise or develop new clinical assessment tools, as described in the methodology paper, evolved from previous consensus meetings with several new components. Apart from this consensus statement, the conference process yielded revised tools including the Concussion Recognition Tool-6 (CRT6) and Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-6 (SCAT6, Child SCAT6), as well as a new tool, the Sport Concussion Office Assessment Tool-6 (SCOAT6, Child SCOAT6). This consensus process also integrated new features including a focus on the para athlete, the athlete’s perspective, concussion-specific medical ethics and matters related to both athlete retirement and the potential long-term effects of SRC, including neurodegenerative disease. This statement summarises evidence-informed principles of concussion prevention, assessment and management, and emphasises those areas requiring more research.
Physical activity promotion in daycare centres in Germany: study protocol for a cross-sectional survey within the BeweKi study
Authors: Hermann Sophie , Krug Susanne , Domanska Olga Maria , Wurm Juliane , Romefort Johanna , Kuger Susanne , Loss Julika , Jordan Susanne
Published: June 2023

Introduction

In Germany, a total of 92.2% of children between the age of 3 and school entry age attend daycare centres. Therefore, daycare centres are a suitable setting to promote physical activity among children. Yet, there is a lack of knowledge on the promotion of physical activity in daycare centres with regards to different structures and concepts, culture/policies/practices and the characteristics of directors and pedagogical staff of daycare centres in Germany. The aim of this study is to investigate (a) the status quo, as well as (b) the fostering and hindering conditions (barriers and facilitators) of physical activity promotion in daycare centres in Germany.

Methods and analysis

The cross-sectional study will collect data from November 2022 to February 2023. For the sample, about 5500 daycare centres will be drawn from an address database available through the German Youth Institute (DJI) and invited to the survey. From each daycare centre a director and a pedagogical staff member will be asked to fill in a standardised self-administered questionnaire. The survey explores characteristics of the daycare centre and the implementation of physical activity promotion, for example, the extent and form of physical activity promotion, the use and size of indoor and outdoor area, structural conditions such as personal and financial resources, personal attitudes towards physical activity promotion, demographic characteristics of pedagogical staff, structural daycare centre’s characteristics such as proportion of children from socioeconomic disadvantaged groups. In addition, micro-geographical data on socioeconomic and infrastructural environment of the daycare centres will be included in the data set.

Ethics and dissemination

The study has been received and approved by the Commissioner for Data Protection of the Robert Koch Institute and by the Ethics Committee of Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin, University of Applied Sciences. Results will be disseminated through publications and presentations to scientific community and stakeholders.
Perceptions of Brazilian women at a public obstetric outpatient clinic regarding domestic violence: a qualitative study
Authors: Sánchez Odette del Risco , Zambrano Erika , Dantas-Silva Amanda , Surita Fernanda G
Published: June 2023

Objective

The aim was to explore women’s perceptions of violence, its causes, manifestations, consequences and responses to prevent and confront domestic violence against women in Brazilian society.

Design

We conducted a qualitative study with individual, semistructured interviews. We used thematic analysis and discussed the data considering the ecological framework.

Setting

The study was conducted in an antenatal and postnatal care service in the Brazilian National Health System. Data collection was conducted in October 2022.

Participants

The sample selection was intentional and sampling was conducted according to the data saturation criterion. Twelve women who attended an antenatal and postnatal care service were interviewed. The participants reported different experiences of domestic and family violence throughout their lives.

Results

Based on the analysis, four themes were identified: (1) between the public and the private spheres: violence against women and its manifestations, causes and particularities; (2) factors that increase vulnerability; (3) protection system and support network: strengths and weaknesses; and (4) alternatives for the prevention and elimination of violence.

Conclusions

The perceptions of Brazilian women during pregnancy and the postpartum period regarding domestic violence included a multifaceted view of violence. The women’s discourse demonstrated the difficulties that they faced in interrupting the cycle of violence and accessing support networks.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of non-malignant CT detected incidental findings in the SUMMIT lung cancer screening cohort
Authors: Tisi Sophie , Creamer Andrew W , Dickson Jennifer , Horst Carolyn , Quaife Samantha , Hall Helen , Verghese Priyam , Gyertson Kylie , Bowyer Vicky , Levermore Claire , Hacker Anne-Marie , Teague Jonathon , Farrelly Laura , Nair Arjun , Devaraj Anand , Hackshaw Allan , Hurst John R ,   The SUMMIT Consortium, Janes Samuel
Published: June 2023

Background

Pulmonary and extrapulmonary incidental findings are frequently identified on CT scans performed for lung cancer screening. Uncertainty regarding their clinical significance and how and when such findings should be reported back to clinicians and participants persists. We examined the prevalence of non-malignant incidental findings within a lung cancer screening cohort and investigated the morbidity and relevant risk factors associated with incidental findings. We quantified the primary and secondary care referrals generated by our protocol.

Methods

The SUMMIT study (NCT03934866) is a prospective observational cohort study to examine the performance of delivering a low-dose CT (LDCT) screening service to a high-risk population. Spirometry, blood pressure, height/weight and respiratory history were assessed as part of a Lung Health Check. Individuals at high risk of lung cancer were offered an LDCT and returned for two further annual visits. This analysis is a prospective evaluation of the standardised reporting and management protocol for incidental findings developed for the study on the baseline LDCT.

Results

In 11 115 participants included in this analysis, the most common incidental findings were coronary artery calcification (64.2%) and emphysema (33.4%). From our protocolised management approach, the number of participants requiring review for clinically relevant findings in primary care was 1 in 20, and the number potentially requiring review in secondary care was 1 in 25.

Conclusions

Incidental findings are common in lung cancer screening and can be associated with reported symptoms and comorbidities. A standardised reporting protocol allows systematic assessment and standardises onward management.
Ability of a polygenic risk score to refine colorectal cancer risk in Lynch syndrome
Authors: Dueñas Nuria , Klinkhammer Hannah , Bonifaci Nuria , Spier Isabel , Mayr Andreas , Hassanin Emadeldin , Diez-Villanueva Anna , Moreno Victor , Pineda Marta , Maj Carlo , Capellà Gabriel , Aretz Stefan , Brunet Joan
Published: June 2023

Background

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) have been used to stratify colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in the general population, whereas its role in Lynch syndrome (LS), the most common type of hereditary CRC, is still conflicting. We aimed to assess the ability of PRS to refine CRC risk prediction in European-descendant individuals with LS.

Methods

1465 individuals with LS (557MLH1, 517MSH2/EPCAM, 299MSH6and 92PMS2) and 5656 CRC-free population-based controls from two independent cohorts were included. A 91-SNP PRS was applied. A Cox proportional hazard regression model with ‘family’ as a random effect and a logistic regression analysis, followed by a meta-analysis combining both cohorts were conducted.

Results

Overall, we did not observe a statistically significant association between PRS and CRC risk in the entire cohort. Nevertheless, PRS was significantly associated with a slightly increased risk of CRC or advanced adenoma (AA), in those with CRC diagnosed <50 years and in individuals with multiple CRCs or AAs diagnosed <60 years.

Conclusion

The PRS may slightly influence CRC risk in individuals with LS in particular in more extreme phenotypes such as early-onset disease. However, the study design and recruitment strategy strongly influence the results of PRS studies. A separate analysis by genes and its combination with other genetic and non-genetic risk factors will help refine its role as a risk modifier in LS.
Clinical feature and disease outcome in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder: a Chinese study
Authors: ZhangBao Jingzi , Huang Wenjuan , Zhou Lei , Tan Hongmei , Wang Liang , Wang Min , Yu Jian , Lu Chuanzhen , Lu Jiahong , Quan Chao
Published: June 2023

Background

To identify factors associated with relapse risk and disability in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorder (MOGAD).

Method

Between 2016 and 2021, 186 patients with MOGAD were included in the study. Factors associated with a relapsing course, annualised relapse rate (ARR), recurrent relapses under different maintenance treatments and unfavourable disability outcome were analysed.

Results

MOGAD affects women (53.8%) slightly more often than men. After a median disease duration of 51.0 months, 60.2% (112/186) relapsed, with an overall ARR of 0.5. The ARR (0.6 vs 0.4, p=0.049), median Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score (1 (range 0–9.5) vs 1 (range 0–3.5), p=0.005) and Visual Functional System Score (VFSS) (0 (range 0–6) vs 0 (range 0–3), p=0.023) at last visit were higher in adults than in children, and time to first relapse was shorter in adults than in children (4.1 (range 1.0–111.0) vs 12.2 (range 1.3–266.8) months, p=0.001). Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-ab) persistence over 1 year was associated with a relapsing course (OR 7.41, 95% CI 2.46 to 22.33, p=0.000), while timely maintenance therapy was associated with a lower ARR (p=0.008). More than four attacks (OR 4.86, 95% CI 1.65 to 14.28, p=0.004) and poor recovery from the first attack (OR 75.28, 95% CI 14.45 to 392.05, p=0.000) were associated with an unfavourable outcome (EDSS score ≥2 including VFSS ≥2).

Conclusions

The results underscored the importance of timely maintenance treatment to prevent further relapses, especially in adult patients with persistently positive MOG-ab and unsatisfactory recovery from the onset attack.
Skeletal muscle fibre morphology in childhood—insights into myopenia in pediatric liver disease
Authors: Hager Amber , Mazurak Vera , Noga Michelle , Gilmour Susan M. , Mager Diana R.
Published: June 2023

Myopenia (reduced skeletal muscle [SM]) is common in children with end-stage liver disease (ESLD) and suboptimal nutritional status pre- and post-liver transplantation (LTx). Myopenia may result in altered SM morphology (changes in muscle fibre size and types [type I vs. II proportions]) contributing to adverse outcomes and deficits in muscle strength/functionality. Understanding how SM morphology changes in healthy children with age and the potential impact of ESLD on SM morphology offers insight into the effectiveness of rehabilitation strategies for children with ESLD at risk for myopenia. Literature searches in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies examining SM morphology in healthy children and in ESLD. Muscle fibre size increases with age in healthy children. Type I fibres are more prevalent in childhood, whereas type II fibres increase post-puberty. Preliminary evidence indicates that adults with ESLD have reduced muscle fiber size with type II fibre atrophy. No data are available for pediatric ESLD. SM morphology changes with age and may be impacted by the negative physical and metabolic insults associated with ESLD and malnutrition.

Take-home message

Skeletal muscle morphology in healthy children changes with age. Liver disease may preferentially affect type II fibres in adults with end-stage liver disease (ESLD). More research is needed on the effects of ESLD on muscle morphology in children.
Reliability assessment of rainfall-induced slope stability using Chebyshev–Galerkin–KL expansion and Bayesian approach
Authors: Gu Xin , Wang Lin , Ou Qiang , Zhang Wengang , Sun Guanhua
Published: June 2023

Soil spatial variability has essential influence on the reliability of geotechnical structures. Karhunen–Loève (KL) series expansion is an effective approach to characterize such features of soil properties. Acquiring solution for Fredholm integral equation of the second type is a necessary prerequisite; however, the corresponding analytical expressions are only available for limited circumstances. To overcome this challenge, a newly proposed method called Chebyshev–Galerkin–KL expansion was developed to discretize the random fields of soil parameters, from which the approximated eigenvalues and eigenfunctions can be obtained using the Chebyshev orthogonal polynomials of the second kind combined with Galerkin technique. Application of the proposed approach is illustrated through reliability analysis of an unsaturated slope example under different rainfall patterns, where the uncertainty in selection of a “best” soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) model and statistical uncertainties in SWCC model parameters are taken into account. Results show that the developed approach is feasible to generate random fields with sufficient accuracy. Under a constant rainfall duration, the Advanced pattern may lead to shallow landslide with the highest probability, followed by Intermediate and Delayed. It should be noted that Bayesian inference and determination of optimal SWCC model should be carried out prior to reliability analysis. Otherwise, the landslide risk level would be exaggerated.
A statistical framework for identifying the relative importance of ecosystem processes and demographic factors on fish recruitment, with application to Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence
Authors: Burbank Jacob , Turcotte François , Sylvain François-Étienne , Rolland Nicolas
Published: June 2023

Despite the importance of recruitment for population dynamics and assessing stock status, limited information exists on the relative influence of various ecosystem and demographic factors on the recruitment dynamics of marine fishes. We develop a statistical framework to identify the ecosystem and demographic factors influencing the recruitment of marine fishes and facilitate improved predictions of recruitment. We demonstrate the approach by examining the relative influence of ecosystem and demographic factors on the recruitment of southern Gulf of St. Lawrence spring- and fall-spawning Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) stocks, highlighting the benefit of considering multiple factors to better understand recruitment trends. We found that different combinations of biological and physical ecosystem factors along with demographic factors had a significant influence on the recruitment and recruitment rate of spring- and fall-spawning herring. The study emphasizes the value of considering ecosystem characteristics when examining recruitment, provides a framework for researchers to investigate and model recruitment of other fish populations, and supports the continued development and implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management approaches for species, such as Atlantic herring.
Transactional Services for Concurrent Mobile Agents over Edge/Cloud Computing-Assisted Social Internet of Things
Authors: Al-Qerem Ahmad , Ali Ali Mohd , Nashwan Shadi , Alauthman Mohammad , Hamarsheh Ala , Nabot Ahmad , Jibreen Issam
Published: June 2023

The Web of Things (WoT) is a concept that aims to create a network of intelligent devices capable of remote monitoring, service provisioning, and control. Virtual and Physical Internet of Things (IoT) gateways facilitate communication, processing, and storage among social nodes that form the social Web of Things (SWoT). Peripheral IoT services commonly use device data. However, due to the limited bandwidth and processing power of edge devices in the IoT, they must dynamically alter the quality of service provided to their connected clients to meet each user's needs while also meeting the service quality requirements of other devices that may access the same data. Consequently, deciding which transactions get access to which Internet of Things data is a scheduling problem.

Edge-cloud computing requires transaction management because several Internet of Things transactions may access shared data simultaneously. However, cloud transaction management methods cannot be employed in edge-cloud computing settings. Transaction management models must be consistent and consider ACIDity of transactions, especially consistency. This study compares three implementation strategies, Edge Host Strategy (EHS), Cloud Host Strategy (CHS), and Hybrid BHS (BHS), which execute all IoT transactions on the Edge host, the cloud, and both hosts, respectively. These transactions affect the Edge hosts as well. An IoTT framework is provided, viewing an Internet of Things transaction as a collection of fundamental and additional subtransactions that loosen atomicity. Execution strategy controls essential and additional subtransactions.

The integration of edge and cloud computing demonstrates that the execution approach significantly affects system performance. EHS and CHS can waste wireless bandwidth, while BHS outperforms CHS and EHS in many scenarios. These solutions enable edge transactions to complete without restarting due to outdated IoT data or other edge or cloud transactions. The properties of these approaches have been detailed, showing that they often outperform concurrent protocols and can improve edge-cloud computing.
Providing the choice of in-person or videoconference attendance in a clinical physiology course may harm learning outcomes for the entire cohort
Authors: Anderson Lisa Carney , Jacobson Tate
Published: June 2023

The transition from online to in-person teaching has been as challenging as the original transition to remote teaching with the onset of the pandemic. Since not all students were ready to return to the classroom, students could choose to take this course in person or online. This arrangement provided flexibility and opportunities for innovative class activities for students but introduced tradeoffs in lower test scores from the hybrid modality than fully online or fully in-person modalities.