bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Peningkatan Jumlah Trombosit Pada Pasien Multi Transfusi Konsentrat Trombosit
Authors: Arum Margi Kusumawardani  , Endro Susilo Tri Joko
Published: December 2022

Pemberian transfusi trombosit banyak ditemukan kegagalan transfusi trombosit dengan manifestasi klinis terjadinya platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR). Kegagalan transfusi trombosit ini diketahui dengan tidak tercapainya angka kenaikan trombosit sesuai yang diharapkan, atau yang sering disebut corrected count increment (CCI) < 7500/ µL dan percentage platelet recovery (PPR) kurang dari 20%. Studi ini merupakan observasi dengan jenis penelitian potong lintang untuk melakukan analisis terhadap peningkatan jumlah trombosit pada pasien multi transfusi trombosit. Diketahui 14,3% hasil CCI < 7500/ µL dan 14,3% hasil PPR< 20%, analisis korelasi didapatkan hasil p > 0,05 dan arah korelasi negatif, yang berarti semakin besar nilai satu variabel semakin kecil nilai variabel lainnya. Analisis keberhasilan kenaikan angka trombosit berdasarkan perhitungan CCI dan PPR 14,3 % diantaranya mengalami refrakter trombosit, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai CCI < 7500/ µL dan nilai PPR < 20%. Peningkatan angka trombosit yang dilihat secara penilaian tunggal tidak mengindikasikan efektifitas/ keberhasilan pemberian transfusi trombosit, hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai CCI dan PPR yang menunjukkan terjadinya refrakter trombosit.
Performing identity entrepreneurship during the colonisation of New Zealand: A rhetorical construction of ‘loyal subjects of the Empire’
Authors: Choi Sarah Y. , Liu James H. , Belgrave Michael
Published: December 2022

A thematic analysis of New Zealand’s historical Speeches from the Throne (10 speeches, from 1860-1899) investigated rhetorical strategies used by Governors during colonisation, to mobilise both settler and indigenous people’s participation in the British Empire. Identity leadership (Reicher & Hopkins, 2001, https://doi.org/10.1111/0162-895X.00246), augmented by critical theories of emotion (Williams, 1977, Marxism and literature. Oxford University Press) under the cultural framework of hierarchical relationalism (Liu, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/jtsb.12058) was applied to show how unequal but reciprocal relationships were invoked by Governors, as representatives of the Crown and advocates for the general public in New Zealand. Governors attempted to mediate a positive shared identity within the British Empire; but at the same time to isolate those who excluded from subjecthood by their hostility to the Crown. Governors alternated between efforts to mobilise people against indigenous Māori who challenged them, and offers to include Māori who conformed to the conventions required of a hierarchical relationship between Crown and subject. We reflect on how these dynamics of rhetorical performance may still be relevant today, especially in contexts of hierarchy and in the domain of leader-follower relations more broadly.
The effect of using e-learning technology in learning the skill of clean and jerk in students of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
Authors: Shaker Ali Sadiq , Tuama Hussein Mhaibes , Radhi Mahmoud Nasser
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this paper was to identify the effect of using the e-learning technology method and the method used by the teacher in teaching clean and jerk skill to students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences of the University of Kufa, as well as to identify the difference in the effect between using these two methods in teaching clean and jerk skill for students. In terms of research methodology, the researchers used the experimental method. A total of 40 students of the first stage participated in the study and were equally assigned into two equal groups (control and experimental). The control group (the method used by the teacher) included 20 students and the experimental group (e-learning technology method) included also 20 students. A statistically significant difference was found in both groups (control and experimental) in student’s performance level with clean and jerk skill in post test results (p<0.05), compared to pre-test. Also, there were statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in the second post-test between the experimental group (M=7.34, SD=8.4) and the control group (M=5.55, SD=0.49), in student’s performance level with clean and jerk skill. The researchers reached several conclusions, including the development in the performance level of students with clean and jerk skill for both groups (control and experimental), as well as the differences in the effect of e-learning method and the method used by the teacher in developing the level of student’s performance with clean and jerk skill, in favor of the experimental group (e-learning).
The effect of qualitative exercises in developing motor compatibility and learning the skill of volleyball jump set
Authors: Shaalan Riyadh A. , Aboode Muthana A. , Radhi Mahmoud Nasser
Published: December 2022

This study aims to prepare and identify the effect of qualitative exercises in order to develop motor compatibility and learning the skill of jump set in volleyball. The present study had an experimental design. Specialized School in Al-Qadisiyah Governorate was identified as the research community for the current study. A total of 28 players were recruited as the participants for the present study. Participants were allocated into two groups, i.e. experimental group and the control group, by simple random allocation method (raffle). Based on the findings of the study, it was concluded that the qualitative exercises helped the players in developing motor compatibility, i.e. the motor coordination of the legs and arms of the experimental group, and also that the qualitative exercises helped in learning the technical performance of the jump set skill in volleyball for the experimental group. The researchers recommend to use qualitative exercises according to the level of learners in learning the jump set skill in volleyball.
Multilingualism and Gentrification in Lavapiés’ Linguistic Landscape
Authors: Saiz de Lobado García Ester
Published: December 2022

The following interdisciplinary paper is a sociolinguistic-based analysis of the discursive strategies associated to multilingualism and interculturality in Lavapiés, Madrid. This study will focus on the visible semiotic sings observed in the public space, which in turn reflect the languages used and the products marketed in Lavapiés. However, the samples also suggest that this -genuine- interculturality is being exploited as a marketing strategy linked to gentrification. The combined analysis of both realities will allow, together with data from official sources, to draw a complete picture of this specific territory. Multilingualism and gentrification will be analysed using a Linguistic Landscape perspective, by studying the samples contained in Lavapiés’ Linguistic Cartography, that include traces of these two parallel processes the territory is undergoing. A detailed contextualization of the territory -where these communicative, social, and economic events take place- will also be provided since this area has historically helped shape Madrid’s genuine tradition. The observed results have not only revealed that both processes are present and undergoing in this territory, but also the power imbalance between the languages, the effects of globalization –touristification and gentrification-, the organized response by the neighbours of Lavapiés, as well as the longterm effects of colonialism.
A golpe de metáforas en el frente discursivo. Isaac Rosa, prologuista (2008-2021)
Authors: Vauthier Benedicte
Published: December 2022

En esta contribución se analizan los treinta y cuatro prólogos escritos (2008-2021) por Isaac Rosa. Desatendida hasta la fecha, esta producción acompaña una variedad inusual de textos. De carácter descriptivo, la primera parte del artículo se centra en la autoría de los libros y asienta una tipología y cronología de los escritos. En la segunda parte, se ‘da un sentido de conjunto’ a este corpus fragmentado que acaba desvelando un denso tejido de escritura crítica y pone al descubierto una nueva faceta de la obra rosiana. Acorde con la producción narrativa del autor, el corpus se deja articular en torno a dos ejes temáticos: la memoria histórica, por un lado, la economía y el neoliberalismo, por otro, que se suelen subsumir en el sintagma ‘literatura y política’. No obstante, la atención prestada a las secuencias históricas y a los marcos enunciativos privilegiados por el prologuista devenido en crítico invita a actualizar el paradigma para hablar de ‘literatura y democracia’.
El 'reenactment' como acción social: la realización de 'Encierro'
Authors: Delgado Pereira Arturo
Published: December 2022

Antes de que un documental se convierta en una representación —algo sobre la realidad— es un acontecimiento que sucede en la realidad, es un proceso creativo y social que interviene en el lugar y el tiempo histórico en el que se desarrolla. Este artículo se basa en mi investigación artística para el proyecto cinematográfico Encierro, una recreación documental de una huelga minera en mi ciudad natal, Almadén (Ciudad Real), en 1984. Mi artículo explora la capacidad del trabajo de campo, las metodologías artísticas y la filmación documental para intervenir directamente en la realidad e ir más allá de los procesos de documentación, representación y significación. Encierro se basa en un hecho histórico local, en el que 11 mineros se encerraron como protesta a 650 metros bajo tierra en las minas de mercurio de Almadén durante 11 días. Este proyecto documental propone un encierro subterráneo similar de 11 personas y 11 días 35 años después, ahora en un Almadén donde las minas se cerraron y sufrimos los efectos ruinosos de la falta de planes de reconversión. En última instancia, Encierro plantea la cuestión de si la recreación de una huelga también puede ser considerada como tal, aunque en la Almadén postindustrial ya no haya minería, ni producción que cerrar, y esta “huelga” no provenga de una acción laboral, sino de una práctica artística.
"El barro de la revolución". Entrevista a Paloma Polo
Authors: Errazu Miguel , Pedregal Alejandro
Published: December 2022

La práctica artística de Paloma Polo (1983) ha progresado a través de una inmersión continua en zonas de malestar, disturbios y lucha. Su propuesta es idear y poner en escena relatos e historias que capturen el surgimiento del pensamiento político en las personas, para explorar, así, configuraciones sociales particulares como condiciones previas o potencialidades para el cambio político. Esta aproximación exige, desde su perspectiva, prestar atención a cosmovisiones que se suprimen violentamente en la creación y normalización de categorías políticas —incluso en aquellas que son emancipadoras—, además de observar imaginarios políticos que son invisibilizados o permanecen sin reconocer. La práctica artística de Polo es la de una investigación situada, basada en la conversación, a menudo por medio de la implicación política y el compromiso personal. Sus narraciones y ficcionalizaciones audiovisuales son entendidas como una mediación tentativa destinada a comprender la remodelación de las relaciones sociopolíticas en el conjunto de sus complejos movimientos.Esta conversación versa sobre su trabajo junto al Nuevo Ejército del Pueblo (NPA, por sus siglas en inglés) en Filipinas, país al que llegó 2013 tras obtener una plaza como Visiting Research Fellow en el Centre for International Studies, University of the Philippines Diliman, en Manila. Como resultado de su inmersión y participación activa en la guerrilla, Polo realizó la película El barro de la revolución (2019) y un volumen compilatorio de poesía revolucionaria del NPA, en el marco de su muestra en el Centro de Arte 2 de Mayo de Madrid, “Paloma Polo. El Barro de la Revolución” (2019).
ANÁLISIS LINGÜÍSTICO DE LA CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN DE ESTEREOTIPOS EN EL MONÓLOGO HUMORÍSTICO SUBVERSIVO
Authors: Linares Esther
Published: December 2022

El presente trabajo presenta un análisis lingüístico del género discursivo del monólogo humorístico y, más concretamente, de la capacidad que tienen las cómicas para, de forma consciente o no, conceptualizar determinados estereotipos. En este sentido, partimos de la hipótesis de que las cómicas emplean un tipo de humor subversivo para romper con determinados prejuicios y estereotipos impuestos por la sociedad patriarcal. En aras de comprobar esta suposición, el presente trabajo examina la conceptualización de estereotipos en un corpus de análisis que recoge 15 monólogos segmentados en 504 secuencias humorísticas y que han sido representados por 15 monologuistas españolas. Los resultados demuestran que la conceptualización de estos estereotipos puede darse tanto para desafiarlos y romper con determinadas ideas normativas, como para reforzarlos y, por ende, perpetuar el statu quo.
MULTICULTURALIDAD, DIVERSIDAD LINGÜÍSTICA Y CORTESÍA: EL USO DEL CONDICIONAL DE ATENUACIÓN EN HABLANTES DE ESPAÑOL DE DIFERENTES CULTURAS
Authors: Cervera Sanz Rosa
Published: December 2022

La enseñanza de una lengua extranjera, como puede ser el caso de la lengua española, requiere la adquisición no solo de una competencia lingüística o de una competencia comunicativa, sino también de una competencia intercultural. Es necesario que el aprendiz de una lengua extranjera conozca las reglas socioculturales de la comunidad lingüística con el fin de conseguir interlocuciones pragmáticamente exitosas. En este sentido, el aprendiz debe conocer no solo los recursos lingüísticos de la cortesía, sino su utilidad para los fines perseguidos y su adecuación al contexto comunicativo. Entre estos recursos, nos encontramos ante el denominado condicional de cortesía/de atenuación, utilizado para las peticiones. Además, este se puede combinar con otros recursos, como son los actos indirectos, los verbos modales, etc. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar si se detecta una adquisición distinta al pasar del nivel A2 al B1 entre hablantes nativos de culturas individualistas y hablantes de culturas colectivistas. A partir del Corpus de aprendices del español del Instituto Cervantes, hemos podido demostrar que la evolución sí que es dispar (los hablantes de culturas colectivistas parecen adquirir antes el valor pragmático de dicho condicional) y que posiblemente este hecho se explique por la propia cosmovisión de las relaciones sociales en estas dos culturas.
EL DEBILITAMIENTO EN EL USO DEL IMPERFECTO DE SUBJUNTIVO EN EL ECUADOR. UNA COMPARACIÓN ENTRE QUITO (SIERRA) Y PORTOVIEJO (COSTA)
Authors: Rodríguez Andrade Imelda Pricila , Estrella Santos Ana Teresa , Posso Paz y Miño María Cristina
Published: December 2022

El siguiente trabajo es producto de una investigación realizada en dos ciudades ecuatorianas: Quito, ubicado en la parte interandina y capital del país, y Portoviejo, ubicado en la región costa. Esta investigación busca corroborar el debilitamiento del uso del imperfecto del subjuntivo en la sierra, e identificar cambios en su uso en la costa. Para este propósito se recogieron 297 encuestas, 148 a estudiantes de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, PUCE, de ahora en adelante, y 149 de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, UTM. Los cuestionarios contienen 24 preguntas, cada una de ellas ofrece 4 opciones; dos de ellas usan el imperfecto de subjuntivo: ra/se; las otras dos: infinitivo y presente del subjuntivo. Cabe destacar que se espera que en la sierra se decanten más por las dos últimas; y en la costa, por las dos primeras. Sin embargo, es importante señalar que en el Ecuador se usan ampliamente las cuatro variables, tanto en contextos formales como en informales.
Twenty-Three Ur III Texts from Detroit Institute of Arts
Authors: Liu Changyu
Published: December 2022

The twenty-three Ur III cuneiform texts presented in this article are housed in
the collections of the Detroit Institute of Arts. This article publishes
thirteen Neo-Sumerian tablets from Puzriš-Dagan which primarily deal with
animals, and a further ten texts from Umma, including five messenger texts. The
aim of the article is to offer an edition and an updated catalogue of these
texts, with a special focus on the Neo-Sumerian administration.
Perception of Heritage Values: Experiential Qualitative Model for Assessing the Urban Potential
Authors: Spasenović Vanja
Published: December 2022

Modern-day is defined as a period of globalization, a complex construct that can pose a threat to maintaining the uniqueness of a place and creating a distinctive city identity. The hypothesis of this paper is that, while the phenomenon of globalization is researched within different disciplines, a common interdisciplinary theme stands out - the experience and perception of urban space that further builds a unique impression of the observed scene. The assumption will be investigated through the formation of a qualitative model for examining the urban potential with the aim of affirming the visual quality of the place as an important factor in the construction of local identity. The established model is examined through case studies of the 20th-century heritage. This period was chosen because it represents the subject of a contemporary global discussion about the conservation, activation and use of heritage in urban structures. The premise is that the qualitative model can be adequately applied to architecture from this period and contribute to its visibility and understanding, as well as to the examination of its role in the creation of contemporary local identity. The research is significant because it enables an interdisciplinary consideration of heritage as a key factor in building the modern city identity based on its visual impression.
Environmental Protection - Sustainable Development - Transport: Chronology of the Approach and Political-Strategic Framework
Authors: Jokanović Igor , Pavić Milica
Published: December 2022

Since the need for movement/transport has conditioned the development of transport networks, the management of the transport infrastructure largely depends on the guidelines or the policies for the development and management of transport. However, although there were concerns about the impact on the environment in the past five decades, it was only in the early 21st century that the effects of transport on the environment were adequately evaluated through the formulation of transport policies. It is important that a global consensus has been reached on the fact that the impacts of transport infrastructure and transport on the environment are essential. Still, it is far more important for the policies of protecting and improving the environment not to conflict with economic competitiveness so that properly formulated regulation could lead to discoveries and improvements, which would result in a win-win situation for both the public and the manufacturers and the improvement of the credibility of competent institutions and organisations in particular. Through a chronological summary of the transformation, this paper moves from the basic environmental protection toward sustainable development in global and European frameworks, and it emphasises the essential aspects that must be addressed in defining a political and strategic framework for the management of transport infrastructure and transport in underdeveloped and developing countries to meet the requirements for sustainable development.
Low Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block with Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine as Adjuvants to Local Anaesthetic Mixture: A Double-blind Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Rekhi Balwinder Kaur , Bindra Tripat Kaur , Kaur Lovepreet , Mehta Priyanka , Kaur Simrit
Published: December 2022

Introduction: For routine and emergency upper limb surgeries, brachial plexus block is better alternative to general anaesthesia. As compared to classic Interscalene brachial plexus Block (ISB), Low Interscalene Block (LISB) deposit Local Anesthetic (LA) more caudad causing sensory-motor blockade of upper limb. It acts as bridge between supraclavicular and classic ISB. Local anaesthetic mixture are used to shorten the onset of sensorymotor blockade. Alongside, various adjuvants are mixed with LA to further improve quality of block. Aim: To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to LA mixture in LISB for upper limb surgeries to assess onset and duration of Sensory-motor block and to observe any complication associated with block. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomised prospective clinical study was conducted on 90 patients, aged 18 to 60 years, posted for upper limb surgeries with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I, II at a tertiary care centre of Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India from February 2021 to November 2021. The patients were randomly divided into three groups. Group I: levo-bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL)+ lignocaine 2% (10 mL)+ Normal Saline (NS) (1 mL), group II: levo-bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL)+ lignocaine 2% (10 mL) + dexmedetomidine 50 mcg (1 mL), group III: levo-bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL)+ lignocaine 2% (10 mL)+ clonidine 50 mcg (1 mL). The parameters observed were: onset and duration of sensory and motor block, any intraoperative complication. Data was compiled with the help of MS-Excel and analysis done with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: The mean onset time of sensory and motor block was faster in group II (4.20±0.62, 5.25±0.89 min) as compared to group III (5.24±0.99, 6.23±0.96 min) and group I (6.48±0.87, 7.03±1.02 min). The mean duration of sensory and motor block was prolonged in group II (743.38±12.55, 673.21±22.29 min) as compared to group III (480.65±14.72, 433.03±7.28 min) and group I (311.28±5.75, 272.03±6.09 min). No adverse effect was observed during this study. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was more effective than clonidine as an adjuvant to LA mixture (0.5% levobupivaciane + 2% lignocaine) in low interscalene brachial plexus block and no episode of pneumothorax and phrenic nerve palsy was seen.
Role of Inflammatory Markers and Clinical Correlate in Children Infected with the Novel SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Singh Amitabh , Jain Shruti , Dutta Vikramjeet , Saluja Sumita , Gaind Rajni , Sharma Shobha
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Inflammatory markers have been used as predictors of adverse outcomes in adults with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection. Children mostly have mild infections and raised inflammatory markers have been reported only with severe COVID-19 or Multisystem Inflammatory Disorder (MIS-C). Studies in children showing the role of inflammatory markers in disease prognosis are few, and findings are not conclusive. Aim: To find out correlation, if any, between the inflammatory markers {Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive Protein (CRP), procalcitonin, Pro-B-type natriuretic Peptide (Pro-BNP), ferritin, D-dimer} with clinical presentation, prognosis, and outcome in children with acute COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care COVID-19 Paediatric Intensive Care Unit {PICU (Vardhaman Medical College and Hospital, New Delhi)}, Northern India, between September 2020 and December 2020. All children aged less than 12 years, with a positive COVID19 report were enrolled and investigated. Data was collected for clinical presentation, severity, treatment and outcome. The following variables were recorded: Complete Blood Count (CBC), Kidney Function Test (KFT) and Liver function Test (LFT), Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC), Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), Neutrophil-lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Platelet Count (PLT), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), serum ferritin, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), fibrinogen, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and ProBNP. Coagulation parameters like Prothrombin Time (PT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT), International Normalised Ration (INR), D-dimer were taken. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 21.0. Results: A total of 35 children were admitted during the study period. Seventeen children met the criteria for severe disease. Seven children met the criteria for MIS-C. Children presenting with conjunctivitis (n=3) were more likely to have signs of peripheral inflammation hypotension (n=4), tachycardia (n=6), and raised IL-6 levels (pg/mL) as well as the need for inotropic support. IL-6 values were higher in children (Mean±SD= 182.47±149.83). Median IL-6 value 199.8 (96.17-275.24) was highest in children with CRP <10 mg/dL (p-value<0.01). Children with raised D-dimer (Mean±SD=1881.94±1265.66 mg/dL) had a longer duration of stay (p-value=0.031). Conclusion: The study didn’t find any correlation between inflammatory markers with clinical presentation and the outcome of COVID-19 infection in children.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Overweight and Obese Children: An Observational Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Verma Himanshu , Mishra Ruchi , Rohatgi Smriti , Bagla Jyoti
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SH) is often treated by thyroxine hormone by general pediatricians considering deranged thyroid profile, attributing the derangement to be the cause of obesity. However, childhood obesity increases the risk of SH by means of adaptive mechanisms. Aim: To study the prevalence of SH and their lipid profile derangement in overweight and obese children of Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present study was a crosssectional study conducted in which 60 children, between 5 to 15 years of age, presenting in Department of Paediatrics at ESI PGIMSR Basaidarapur, New Delhi, India from October 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled. The children were grouped into two with 30 in each-overweight (Body Mass Index (BMI) between 23rd to 27th adult equivalent) and obese (BMI more than 27th adult equivalent) children. They were assessed for biochemical derangement including thyroid profile and lipid profile. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 9.3 years and male/female was 41/19. Mean BMI of the obese children was 24.24 kg/m2 and that of overweight was 20.4 kg/m2 . Seven (23.33%) children in overweight group and nine (30%) in obese group were diagnosed with SH (normal T4 with high TSH level). Nine out of the total 16 children with SH also had dyslipidaemia. Conclusion: About 23% in overweight and 30% in obese children were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism. Nine out of these 16 children with subclinical hypothyroidism also had dyslipidaemia.
Studies on the Antibacterial Susceptibility of Uropathogens to Senna alata Extracts in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Bassey E. E. , Alaribe A. A. A. , Ikpi E. E. , Thomas P. S.
Published: December 2022

Background: Senna alata is an underutilized shrub found in many countries and is known for its traditional use in the treatment of dermatophytes and other related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed at evaluating the phytochemical and antibacterial effects of S. alata leaves extracts against bacterial isolates obtained from urinary tract infection patients in Calabar.

Methodology: Matured fresh leaves of Senna alata were collected within Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria, in May 2022 and identified by a botanist in the Department of Botany, University of Calabar. The leaves of S. alata were extracted with water, methanol and ethyl acetate using maceration and soxhlet methods. Phytochemical analysis was conducted to detect the presence of bioactive compounds using standard methods. The crude extracts of S. alata were investigated for antibacterial properties using agar well diffusion method and mechanisms of antibiosis determined using MBC/MIC ratio.

Results: In both methods of extraction, methanol yielded more extracts compared to other solvents. Soxhlet methanol extract (SaMeSh) had the highest (12.21%) percentage yield while maceration ethyl acetate extract (SaEaMa) had the least (4.77%) percentage yield. The phytochemicals assayed revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and steroids. However, terpenoids was not detected in methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. Senna alata extracts demonstrated broad spectrum of activity against the tested isolates at various concentrations with organic solvents exhibiting the highest antibacterial activity. However, the observed activity varied with respect to concentration of extract and types of organisms. The MIC values ranged from 31.25 to 250 mg/mL and MBC values from 62.5 to 500 mg/mL. The MIC index of the crude extracts against the test uropathogens was ≤8.

Conclusion: This study indicates that S. alata could be a source of novel antimicrobial agent. Further research is required to isolate, characterize and identify bioactive constituents responsible for the observed activity.
Transient Elastography (Fibroscan) for the Prediction of Esophageal Varices in Egyptian Cirrhotic Patients
Authors: Elkafoury Rania Mamdouh , Kobtan Abdelrahman Abdelraouf , Soliman Hanan Hamed , Salah Raafat Abdelkader
Published: December 2022

Background: Esophageal varices (EVs) are atypically dilated submucosal veins, which occurs consequently to portal hypertension. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM), obtained by transient elastography (Fibroscan), strongly correlates with portal hypertension.

Aim: Is to predict the presence and grading of esophageal varices in Egyptian patients with liver cirrhosis using Fibroscan and other noninvasive tests.

Methods: A 101 cirrhotic patients indicated for upper endoscopy were enrolled consecutively and subdivided according to endoscopic findings into: Group I (70 patients with EVs) and Group II (31 patients without EVs). Upper endoscopy, ultrasonography, routine lab. and Fibroscan assessment were done to all patients.

Results: LSM correlated directly and significantly with the presence (p <0.001), and grading of EVs (p = 0.001). A LSM cut off value of 18.55 kPa had an AUC of 0.726, sensitivity of 74.3%, specificity of 54.8%, PPV of 78.79%, and a NPV of 48.57% for predicting the presence of EVs. Platelet count/spleen diameter ratio (PSR) inversely correlated with the EVs presence (p = 0.002), and grading (p <0.001). PSR had a cut off value of 742.17, an AUC of 0.695, sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 58.6% (PPV of 82%, NPV of 43.14%) for EVs presence. Right lobe diameter/Albumin ratio (RLAR) correlated directly with EVs presence (p = 0.001), and grading (p =0.012). RLAR cut off value of 3.62 had AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 0.7, 64.3%, 67.7%, 81.8%, and 45.7%, respectively for the prediction of EVs presence.

Conclusion: LSM, PSR, RLAR as noninvasive methods for predicting the presence and grading of EVs are of moderate accuracy.
Negotiating Drug Prices in the US—Lessons From Europe
Authors: Vokinger Kerstin N. , Naci Huseyin
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint describes European drug price negotiation practices and compares them with practices in the US.
The Multidisciplinary Cancer Conference
Authors: Singhi Eric K. , Feldman Jill , West Howard (Jack)
Published: December 2022

This JAMA Oncology Patient Page explains multidisciplinary cancer conferences and their benefits.
Tecovirimat Treatment for Monkeypox Virus Keratouveitis
Authors: Finamor Luciana P. S. , de Freitas Denise , Andrade Gabriel , Bergamasco Víctor D. , Cunha Laura , Lázari Carolina , Muccioli Cristina
Published: December 2022

This case report describes tecovirimat treatment for a patient with monkeypox virus–related keratouveitis.
Antidrug Antibodies to Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitors in Patients With Noninfectious Uveitis
Authors: Bellur Sunil , McHarg Matthew , Kongwattananon Wijak , Vitale Susan , Sen H. Nida , Kodati Shilpa
Published: December 2022

Importance

Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) can induce antidrug antibody (ADA) formation and loss of therapeutic response. However, the utility of ADA testing and the association between ADAs and treatment response in patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU) is not well understood.

Objective

To assess the frequency of ADAs and their association with drug levels and clinical response in patients with NIU treated with adalimumab or infliximab.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with NIU who received adalimumab or infliximab and underwent testing for serum drug level and ADAs at the National Eye Institute from September 2017 to July 2021.

Exposures

Serum drug level testing with reflex testing for ADA levels was performed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was the association between drug levels and ADAs, clinical response, and concurrent antimetabolite use in patients treated with TNFis for NIU.

Results

Of 54 patients included in the study, 42 received adalimumab (mean [SD] age, 43.6 [19.6] years; 25 [59.5%] female) and 12 received infliximab (mean [SD] age, 42.7 [20.4] years; 7 [58.3%] male). In the adalimumab group, mean (SD) drug level was 9.72 (6.82) μg/mL, mean (SD) ADA level was 84.2 (172.9) arbitrary units/mL, and ADA frequency was 35.7% (15 of 42 patients). Mean drug level was lower in those with ADAs compared with those without ADAs (mean [SD], 2.8 [2.6] μg/mL vs 13.6 [5.2] μg/mL; difference: 10.8 μg/mL; 95% CI, 8.3-13.2 μg/mL; P < .001). There was a higher mean drug level with concurrent antimetabolite use compared with monotherapy (mean [SD], 11.0 [7.3] μg/mL vs 6.8 [4.5] μg/mL; difference: –4.2 μg/mL; 95% CI, –8.7 to 0.2 μg/mL; P = .06). Multivariable modeling showed that a 1−arbitrary unit increase in ADAs was associated with a –0.02 μg/mL (95% CI, –0.01 to –0.34 μg/mL) difference in mean drug level (P < .001). Favorable clinical response was associated with a threshold drug level above 2.7 μg/mL or an antibody level below 15.2 μg/mL. The mean (SD) drug level in the infliximab group was 27.02 (18.15) μg/mL, and no ADAs were detected.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, 35.7% of adalimumab-treated patients with NIU had ADAs. The presence of ADAs was associated with lower drug levels, and higher ADA levels were associated with increased risk of TNFi treatment failure. Although limited by the retrospective design, our results suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring may be considered among patients experiencing therapy failure to help exclude ADAs as a potential cause of treatment failure.
Synthesis, Photophysics and Optical Limiting Properties of Functionalized Benzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Shang Honglin , Zhou Wenfa , Wu Xingzhi , Xiao Jinchong , Song Yinglin
Published: December 2022

A series of functionalized benzofuran derivatives (2,3,4) have been strategically synthesized and characterized via NMR spectra and high resolution mass spectrometry. To enhance the solubility in organic common solvents, long alkyl groups were introduced into the parent skeletons in compounds2 b,3 b,4 b. The photophysical properties were examined in a comparative manner. The self‐assembly behaviors were further studied, indicating that the regular nanostructures could be tuned by the change of the ratio of THF and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) aqueous solution. Moreover,3 bpresented nonlinear optical (NLO) response recorded through open‐aperture Z‐scan way. The threshold of3 bwas 2.08 J/cm2, which is lower than that of the state‐of‐the‐art material C60(4.01 J/cm2) under the similar operation condition, implying that such molecule might be promising optical limiting (OL) materials.
Robinson Annulation Applied to the Total Synthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Alipour Batoul , Zadsirjan Vahideh , Malmir Masoume
Published: December 2022

The Robinson annulation is a significant reaction for the synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated ketone ring including the generation of two C−C bonds. It involves a Michael addition of a ketone and a methyl or ethyl vinyl ketone with subsequent intramolecular aldol condensation. Natural products and their structurally related analogues have historically made a major contribution to pharmacotherapy, particularly for cancer and infectious diseases. The Robinson annulation has frequently been employed as a vital step in the total synthesis of these important naturally occurring compounds and related complex biologically active products. In this review, we try to underscore the applications of the Robinson annulation in the total synthesis of biologically active natural products.
Novel feedforward‐feedback‐based continuous process transition strategy for chemical industry
Authors: Cao Xin‐Yi , Xu Feng , Luo Xiong‐Lin
Published: December 2022

As a typical regulation means to realize a large‐scale transition of the system condition, the lack of feedback compensation in the transition strategy leads to the fact that it has no moderating effect on interference. In order to ensure the safe and smooth operation of the system, it is necessary to coordinate the transition and control, that is, to achieve the process transition through a closed‐loop control structure. The existing coordination scheme can meet this demand, but there is a defect of poor anti‐interference. To this end, a novel coordination scheme integrating transition with control is proposed in the paper, which alleviates the burden on the feedback control system by adding the manipulated variable reference trajectory. When interferences occur, the proposed coordination scheme can positively respond and compensate for the negative influence of disturbances, allowing the system to quickly return to the desired state. Besides, the corresponding analytical solution method is presented for the new coordination scheme, which avoids the complication of the conventional optimization solution method. Finally, the advantage of our coordination scheme has been effectively verified through the feed fluctuation ethylene column.
Accelerated CMC workflows to enable speed to clinic in the COVID‐19 era: A multi‐company view from the biopharmaceutical industry
Authors: Higgins Matthew F. , Abu‐Absi Nicholas , Gontarz Elena , Gorr Ingo H. , Kaiser Klaus , Patel Pramthesh , Ritacco Frank , Sheehy Patrick , Thangaraj Balakumar , Gill Tony
Published: December 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has placed unprecedented pressure on biopharmaceutical companies to develop efficacious preventative and therapeutic treatments, which is unlikely to abate in the coming years. The importance of fast progress to clinical evaluation for treatments, which tackle unmet medical needs puts strain on traditional product development timelines, which can take years from start to finish. Although previous work has been successful in reducing phase 1 timelines for recombinant antibodies, through utilization of the latest technological advances and acceptance of greater business risk or costs, substantially faster development is likely achievable without increased risk to patients during initial clinical evaluation. To optimize lessons learned from the pandemic and maximize multi‐stakeholder (i.e., patients, clinicians, companies, regulatory agencies) benefit, we conducted an industry wide benchmarking survey in September/October 2021. The aims of this survey were to: (i) benchmark current technical practices of key process and product development activities related to manufacturing of therapeutic proteins, (ii) understand the impact of changes implemented in COVID‐19 accelerated Ab programs, and whether any such changes can be retained as part of sustainable long‐term business practices and (iii) understand whether any accelerative action(s) taken have (negatively) impacted the wider development process. This article provides an in‐depth analysis of this data, ultimately highlighting an industry perspective of how biopharmaceutical companies can sustainably adopt new approaches to therapeutic protein development and production.
Validation of different personalized risk models of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting: results of a randomized, double‐blind, phase III trial of fosaprepitant for cancer patients treated with high‐dose cisplatin
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhao Bing , Chen Gang , Chen Yinlan , Liao Zijun , Zhang Haiming , Feng Weineng , Li Yinyin , Weng Heng , Li Weidong , Zhou Yuefen , Ren Biyong , Lu Yanda , Chen Jianhua , Liu Zhenteng , Su Zhenzhong , Wang Wenliang , Zhang Li
Published: December 2022

Background

Highly emetogenic chemotherapy induces emesis in cancer patients without prophylaxis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a fosaprepitant‐based triple antiemetic regimen for the prevention of chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients with solid malignant tumors, determine risk factors and externally validate different personalized risk models for CINV.

Methods

This phase III trial was designed to test the non‐inferiority of fosaprepitant toward aprepitant in cancer patients who were to receive the first cycle of single‐day cisplatin chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was complete response (CR) during the overall phase (OP) with a non‐inferiority margin of 10.0%. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors of CR and no nausea. To validate the personalized risk models, the accuracy of the risk scoring systems was determined by measuring the specificity, sensitivity and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), while the predictive accuracy of the nomogram was measured using concordance index (C‐index).

Results

A total of 720 patients were randomly assigned. CR during the OP in the fosaprepitant group was not inferior to that in the aprepitant group (78.1% vs. 77.7%, P = 0.765) with a between‐group difference of 0.4% (95% CI, ‐5.7% to 6.6%). Female sex, higher cisplatin dose (≥ 70 mg/m2), no history of drinking and larger body surface area (BSA) were significantly associated with nausea. The AUC for the acute and delayed CINV risk indexes was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.66‐0.71) and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.61‐0.70), respectively, and the C‐index for nomogram CINV prediction was 0.59 (95% CI, 0.54‐0.64). Using appropriate cutoff points, the three models could stratify patients with high‐ or low‐risk CINV. No nausea and CR rate were significantly higher in the low‐risk group than in the high‐risk group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Fosaprepitant‐based triple prophylaxis demonstrated non‐inferior control for preventing CINV in patients treated with cisplatin‐base chemotherapy. Female cancer patients without a history of alcohol consumption, with larger BSA and received high‐dose cisplatin might be more vulnerable to CINV. Three personalized prediction models were well‐validated and could be used to optimize antiemetic therapy for individual patients.
Five New Phenylpropanoyl Phloroglucinol Derivatives from Leptospermum scoparium
Authors: Gu Ji‐Hong , Liu Jun‐Shan , Lin Jia‐Hui , Liu Fen , Wu Zhen‐Long , Zheng Yuan‐Ru , Ye Wen‐Cai , Wang Lei
Published: December 2022

Leptosperols C−G (1–5), five new phenylpropanoyl phloroglucinol derivatives were isolated from the leaves of Leptospermum scoparium. Compounds 1–3 are phenylpropanoyl phloroglucinol‐sesquiterpene adducts with new carbon skeletons. Their structures with absolute configurations were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analyses, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. Compounds 2 and 3 exhibited moderate anti‐inflammatory activity in zebrafish acute inflammatory models.
The Ileoileal intussusception due to a tubular duplication in a child: A case report
Authors: Monazzami Mehran , Atqiaee Khashayar , Dehghanian Paria , Shaman Zahroodi Hojjat
Published: December 2022

Intussusception is a surgical emergency that may result in the perforation of the intestinal wall if not immediately treated. Pathologic lead points, such as intestinal duplication, are present in 2.2%–15% of the cases.We describe a 4‐year‐old girl with a necrotic ileoileal intussusception diagnosed with a rare tubular ileal duplication.
Hyperkalemia mimicking de Winter T waves: A case report
Authors: Sasmita Bryan Richard , Luo Suxin , Huang Bi
Published: December 2022

“De Winter” electrocardiogram pattern is considered an equivalent risk to ST‐elevation myocardial infarction and usually indicates occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, which needs emergent revascularization treatment. However, some conditions can mimic “de Winter” electrocardiogram pattern and may cause misdiagnosis. Here, we reported a case of hyperkalemia presented with “de Winter‐like” electrocardiogram pattern. This study aimed to increase physicians' awareness about the impact of electrolyte disorder on electrocardiographic changes.
An Asymmetric Non‐fullerene Acceptor with Low Energy Loss and High Photovoltaic Efficiency
Authors: Xu Ye , Wang Jingwen , Yao Huifeng , Bi Pengqing , Zhang Tao , Xu Jianmei , Hou Jianhui
Published: December 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Minimizing energy loss (Eloss) plays a key role in improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, to reveal the feasibility of the asymmetric molecular strategy in designing high‐efficiency and low Eloss OSC materials, we adopt the alkyl‐alkoxy modification to design an asymmetric non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) named OC8‐4F, where its symmetric alkyl‐ and alkoxy‐substituted counterparties (2OC8‐4F, eC9‐4F) are also prepared. The results suggest that the introduction of a symmetric alkoxy at the edge of eC9‐4F can effectively decrease the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit level without greatly changing the highest occupied molecular orbit level, leading to a mediated bandgap. In the devices, the OC8‐4F possesses well‐balanced charge generation and Eloss, giving the highest PCE of 18%. Our results imply that finely tuning the asymmetric structure can be used as an effective molecular design strategy to improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs.
Following Cu Microstructure Evolution in CuZnO/Al2O3(−Cs) Catalysts During Activation in H2 using in situ XRD and XRD‐CT
Authors: Farmer Daniela M. , Jacques Simon D. M. , Waller David , Boullosa Eiras Sara , Roy Kanak , Held Georg , Sankar Gopinathan , Beale Andrew M.
Published: December 2022

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Andrew M. Beale at the University College London and at the Research Complex at Harwell (UK). The cover picture demonstrates how X‐rays can be used to obtain spatially resolved chemical imaging insight from within an industrial catalytic reactor. Understanding how the microstructure of the active Cu0 component in the commercially applicable Cu/ZnO/Al2O3(−Cs2O) low‐temperature water‐gas shift catalyst evolves under various H2 partial pressures in the presence/absence of a Cs promoter during thermal activation has been the subject of the present investigation. Read the full text of their Research Article at 10.1002/cmtd.202200015.