bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Data Analysis
Authors: Císaro Sandra Elizabeth González , Nigro Héctor Oscar
Published: April 2014

Standard data mining techniques no longer adequately represent the complexity of the world. So, a new paradigm is necessary. Symbolic Data Analysis is a new type of data analysis that allows us to represent the complexity of reality, maintaining the internal variation and structure developed by Diday (2003). This new paradigm is based on the concept of symbolic object, which is a mathematical model of a concept. In this article the authors are going to present the fundamentals of the symbolic data analysis paradigm and the symbolic object concept. Theoretical aspects and examples allow the authors to understand the SDA paradigm as a tool for mining complex data.
Complexity
Authors: Standish Russell K.
Published: April 2014

The term complexity is used informally both as a quality and as a quantity. As a quality, complexity has something to do with our ability to understand a system or object—people understand simple systems, but not complex ones. On another level, complexity is used as a quantity, when people talk about something being more complicated than another. In this article, the author explores the formalisation of both meanings of complexity, which happened during the latter half of the twentieth century.
Secure Node Localization in Mobile Sensor Networks
Authors: Mittal Rachit , Das Manik Lal
Published: April 2014

Secure node localization in wireless sensor networks (WSN) has become an important research topic. Although, Global Positioning System (GPS) based node localization has got significant attention from researchers, GPS-free node localization trend is evolving in recent times. GPS-free node localization in mobile sensor networks can be constructed in two ways: Beacon based (BB) and Without Beacon based (WBB). The BB approach has been studied extensively under adversarial model and many algorithms based on BB approach have been proposed in literature in order to localize nodes in a secure manner. In contrast, WBB approach for node localization under adversarial model has not received substantial attention from researchers. In this paper, the authors discuss WBB approach for node localization under adversarial model. The authors discuss static and dynamic key settings for node localization using WBB approach. The authors present an improved protocol for node localization in mobile sensor networks, aiming at minimizing the impact of node capture threats. The authors consider the LEAP (Localized Encryption and Authentication Protocol) (Zhu, Setia, & Jajodia, 2003) and the LOCK (Localized Combinatorial Keying) (Eltoweissy, Moharrum, & Mukkamala, 2006) as the building blocks of their proposed scheme. The authors show that the improved protocol provides effective node localization in a secure manner with minimal node capture threats.
Pathophysiological Relationships Between Heart Failure and Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Chapa Deborah W. , Akintade Bimbola , Son Heesook , Woltz Patricia , Hunt Dennis , Friedmann Erika , Hartung Mary Kay , Thomas Sue Ann
Published: April 2014

Depression and anxiety are common comorbid conditions in patients with heart failure. Patients with heart failure and depression have increased mortality. The association of anxiety with increased mortality in patients with heart failure is not established. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the similarities of the underlying pathophysiology of heart failure, depression, and anxiety by using the Biopsychosocial Holistic Model of Cardiovascular Health. Depression and anxiety affect biological processes of cardiovascular function in patients with heart failure by altering neurohormonal function via activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic dysregulation, and activation of cytokine cascades and platelets. Patients with heart failure and depression or anxiety may exhibit a continued cycle of heart failure progression, increased depression, and increased anxiety. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological relationships in patients with heart failure who experience comorbid depression and/or anxiety is critical in order to implement appropriate treatments, educate patients and caregivers, and educate other health professionals.
The role of epidermal growth factor-like module containing mucin-like hormone receptor 2 in human cancers
Authors: Safaee Michael , Ivan Michael E. , Oh Michael C. , Oh Taemin , Sayegh Eli T. , Kaur Gurvinder , Sun Matthew Z. , Bloch Orin , Parsa Andrew T.
Published: April 2014

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are among the most diverse and ubiquitous proteins in all of biology. The epidermal growth factorseven span transmembrane (EGF-TM7) subfamily of adhesion GPCRs is a small subset whose members are mainly expressed on the surface of leukocytes. The EGF domains on the N-terminus add significant size to these receptors and they are considered to be among the largest members of the TM7 family. Although not all of their ligands or downstream targets have been identified, there is evidence implicating the EGF-TM7 family diverse processes such as cell adhesion, migration, inflammation, and autoimmune disease. Recent studies have identified expression of EGF-TM7 family members on human neoplasms including those of the thyroid, stomach, colon, and brain. Their presence on these tissues is not surprising given the ubiquity of GPCRs, but because their functional significance and pathways are not completely understood, they are of tremendous clinical and scientific interest. Current evidence suggests that expression of certain EGF-TM7 receptors is correlated with tumor grade, confers a more invasive phenotype, and increases the likelihood of metastatic disease. In this review, we will discuss the structure, function, and regulation of these receptors. We also describe the expression of these receptors in human cancers and explore their potential mechanistic significance.
Antischistosomal versus Antiandrogenic Properties of Aryl Hydantoin Ro 13-3978
Authors: Wang Chunkai , Zhao Qingjie , Min Jaeki , Muniyan Sakthivel , Vargas Mireille , Wang Xiaofang , Dong Yuxiang , Guy R. Kiplin , Lin Ming-Fong , Keiser Jennifer , Vennerstrom Jonathan L.
Published: April 2014

In the early 1980s, the antischistosomal aryl hydantoin Ro 13-3978 (AH01), a close structural analogue of the androgen receptor antagonist nilutamide, was discovered. Administration of 100 mg/kg oral doses of AH01 to mice infected with adult and juvenile Schistosoma mansoni produced 95% and 64% total worm burden reductions, confirming its high activity against adult worms, and showing that AH01 is also effective against juvenile infections. AH01 had no measureable interaction with the androgen receptor in a ligand competition assay, but it did block dihydrotestosterone-induced cell proliferation in an androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell line. For AH01, nilutamide, and three closely related aryl hydantoin derivatives, there was no correlation between antischistosomal activity and androgen receptor interaction.
Detection and Phylogenetic Characterization of a Case of Histoplasma capsulatum Infection in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Ying , Pan Bo , Wu Jianhua , Bi Xinling , Liao Wanqing , Pan Weihua , Gu Jun
Published: April 2014

Histoplasmosis usually occurs in specific endemic areas. Sporadic cases have also been reported in mainland China. Here, we described an indigenous case of disseminated histoplasmosis. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Histoplasma capsulatum isolated in our case belongs to the Australian clade. Combined with previous studies, it revealed high genetic diversity among Chinese H. capsulatum isolates.
Large salp bloom export from the upper ocean and benthic community response in the abyssal northeast Pacific: Day to week resolution
Authors: Smith K. L., Jr. , Sherman A. D. , Huffard C. L. , McGill P. R. , Henthorn R. , Von Thun S. , Ruhl H. A. , Kahru M. , Ohman M. D.
Published: April 2014

A large bloom of Salpa spp. in the northeastern Pacific during the spring of 2012 resulted in a major deposition of tunics and fecal pellets on the seafloor at ∼ 4000 m depth (Sta. M) over a period of 6 months. Continuous monitoring of this food pulse was recorded using autonomous instruments: sequencing sediment traps, a time‐lapse camera on the seafloor, and a bottom‐transiting vehicle measuring sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC). These deep‐sea measurements were complemented by sampling of salps in the epipelagic zone by California Cooperative Ocean Fisheries Investigations. The particulate organic carbon (POC) flux increased sharply beginning in early March, reaching a peak of 38 mg C m−2 d−1 in mid‐April at 3400 m depth. Salp detritus started appearing in images of the seafloor taken in March and covered a daily maximum of 98% of the seafloor from late June to early July. Concurrently, the SCOC rose with increased salp deposition, reaching a high of 31 mg C m−2 d−1 in late June. A dominant megafauna species, Peniagone sp. A, increased 7‐fold in density beginning 7 weeks after the peak in salp deposition. Estimated food supply from salp detritus was 97–327% of the SCOC demand integrated over the 6‐month period starting in March 2012. Such large episodic pulses of food sustain abyssal communities over extended periods of time.
Distinct pools of dissolved iron‐binding ligands in the surface and benthic boundary layer of the California Current
Authors: Bundy Randelle M. , Biller Dondra V. , Buck Kristen N. , Bruland Kenneth W. , Barbeau Katherine A.
Published: April 2014

Organic dissolved iron (dFe)—binding ligands were measured by competitive ligand exchange—adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE‐ACSV) at multiple analytical windows (side reaction coefficient of salicylaldoxime, αFe(SA)2 = 30, 60 and 100) in surface and benthic boundary layer (BBL) samples along the central California coast during spring and summer. The weakest ligands were detected in the BBL at the lowest analytical window with average log KcondFeL,Fe' = 10.2 ± 0.4 in the summer and 10.8 ± 0.2 in the spring. Between 3% and 18% of the dFe complexation in the BBL was accounted for by HS, which were measured separately in samples by ACSV and may indicate a source of dFe‐binding ligands from San Francisco Bay. The strongest ligands were found in nearshore spring surface waters at the highest analytical window with average log KcondFeL,Fe' = 11.9 ± 0.3, and the concentrations of these ligands declined rapidly offshore. The ligand pools in the surface and BBL waters were distinct from each other based on principal components analysis, with variances in the BBL ligand pool explained by sample location, and variance in surface waters explained by water mass. The use of multiple analytical window analysis elucidated several distinct iron‐binding ligand pools, each with unique distributions in the central California Current system.
Community dynamics and physiology of Symbiodinium spp. before, during, and after a coral bleaching event
Authors: Kemp Dustin W. , Hernandez-Pech Xavier , Iglesias-Prieto Roberto , Fitt William K. , Schmidt Gregory W.
Published: April 2014

Community dynamics and physiology of Symbiodinium associated with Orbicella ( = Montastraea) faveolata were examined before, during, and after a thermally induced coral bleaching event in Puerto Morelos, Mexico. We combined microsampling molecular genotyping with in situ pulse‐amplitude modulated fluorometry to correlate colony variability of Symbiodinium population identities and the phenomena of partial coral bleaching. Pigmented nonbleached portions of O. ( = M.) faveolata were compared with bleached portions of the same colony. During bleaching, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII; Fv : Fm) was significantly lower and highly variable (range 0.110 to 0.680) compared with previous summers in which coral bleaching was absent (range 0.516 to 0.661) and recovery (range 0.480 to 0.716). Differential susceptibility to environmental perturbation of Fv : Fm corresponded to distinct genetic identities of Symbiodinium. Analysis of ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) revealed regions of the coral colonies that had phylotype A3 prior to bleaching were more resistant to the bleaching perturbation than adjacent bleaching‐prone patches that harbored phylotypes B17 and C7. During environmental perturbation, regions of the colonies containing predominantly Symbiodinium phylotypes A3 or D1a retained significantly higher Fv : Fm values than adjacent regions with phylotypes B17 and C7. Following bleaching, rapid recovery of symbiotic algal densities greatly exceeded normal seasonal oscillations. During recovery we document shifts in Symbiodinium populations and increase prevalence of Symbiodinium types A3 and D1a, phylotypes known to have enhanced thermal tolerances. Thermal tolerance of Symbiodinium spp. influences the changes of coral—Symbiodinium communities during disturbance events and the dynamics of coral—Symbiodinium repopulation.
Radiocarbon distribution and the effect of legacy in lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Doran Peter T. , Kenig Fabien , Knoepfle Jennifer Lawson , Mikucki Jill A. , Lyons W. Berry
Published: April 2014

The water of the ice‐covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys is derived primarily from glacial melt streams and to a lesser extent permafrost seeps and subglacial outflow. The result is a mixture of radiocarbon ages that reflect both the end‐member water source and the biogeochemical processing of waters as they migrate to the lake‐water column. Samples were collected from various locations within perennially ice‐covered Antarctic lakes and the streams that feed them, and they were analyzed for radiocarbon abundance of organic and inorganic carbon. Stream gradient and length were shown to affect the degree of equilibration of water with the modern atmosphere prior to entering the lakes. Stream microbial mats assimilate inorganic carbon flowing over them. Seasonal ice‐free ‘moat’ water dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is largely dependent on the amount of meltwater input from streams (modern) vs. that from direct glaciers input (old). Under the ice cover, 14C ages of lake‐water DIC and organic matter are dependent on lake history, composition, and quantity of particulate matter fallout. Bottom waters of the west lobe of Lake Bonney have a DIC age of µ 27,000 14C yr before present, which we believe are the most radiocarbon‐deficient lake waters on Earth. Comparison of the radiocarbon profiles in the two lobes of Lake Bonney, along with previously published geochemical data, provides a new chronology of the evolution of these two waterbodies and shows that currently deep saline water is being displaced over the sill separating them.
Environmental Risk Assessment of dredging processes – application to Marin harbour (NW Spain)
Authors: Gómez A. G. , García Alba J. , Puente A. , Juanes J. A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. A methodological procedure to estimate the environmental risk of dredging operations in aquatic systems has been developed. Environmental risk estimations are based on numerical models results, which provide an appropriated spatio-temporal framework analysis to guarantee an effective decision-making process. The methodological procedure has been applied on a real dredging operation in the port of Marin (NW Spain). Results from Marin harbour confirmed the suitability of the developed methodology and the conceptual approaches as a comprehensive and practical management tool.
A 3-D model to analyze environmental effects of dredging operations – application to the Port of Marin, Spain
Authors: García Alba J. , Gómez A. G. , Tinoco López R. O. , Sámano Celorio M. L. , García Gómez A. , Juanes J. A.
Published: April 2014

Abstract. Historically, the study of dredging processes has depended on physical laboratory tests. The IH-Dredge model has been developed to simulate these processes numerically. It simulates the evolution of the seabed, sediment and toxic substances involved in dredging operations. The model has been calibrated and validated with experimental data, and it has been applied in a dredging operation in the Port of Marin, Spain.
Epistemological Approaches to Dialogic Teaching in a Conventional Setting - Critical Review
Authors: Abd Elkader Nermine
Published: April 2014

Book review for Dialogic Pedagogy Journal: This is a review of the book 'Inspiring dialogue: Talking to learn in the English classroom' by Juzwik et al. (2013), New York, NY: Teachers College Press, 162 pages, $ 32 (paper). The review looks critically at the theoretical framework of the book and compares it to the ontological tradition of Baktinian dialogue. The review aims to find the strengths of the book and meanwhile exposes its weaknesses in light of the interpretation of the Bakhtin's circle and modern Bakhtinian scholars of dialogic pedagogy.
Clear Lens Phacoemulsification in Alport Syndrome: Refractive Results and Electron Microscopic Analysis of the Anterior Lens Capsule
Authors: Bayar Sezin Akca , Pinarci Eylem Yaman , Karabay Gulten , Akman Ahmet , Oto Sibel , Yilmaz Gursel
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To report the ocular findings of patients with Alport syndrome and the results of clear lens extraction in this patient group.

Methods

Twenty-three eyes of 15 patients with a diagnosis of Alport syndrome were included in this study. Clear corneal phacoemulsification and intraocular foldable lens implantation was performed in eyes with indeterminate refractive errors and/or poor visual acuity and anterior capsule samples were analyzed with electron microscopy.

Results

All patients had a history of hereditary nephritis and/or deafness as systemic involvement. Ophthalmologic examination revealed anterior lenticonus with high myopia and/or irregular astigmatism in all patients. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.67 ± 0.17 logMAR (range 1.0-0.4) preoperatively and 0.17 ± 0.08 logMAR (range 0.3-0.0) postoperatively. Postoperative refractive lenticular astigmatism dramatically decreased and no ocular complications arose during the follow-up period. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the lens capsules supported the diagnosis of Alport syndrome.

Conclusions

Clear lens phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective therapeutic choice for the management of uncorrectable refractive errors and low visual acuity due to anterior lenticonus in patients with Alport syndrome.
Cataract Formation: A Possible Complication of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Suesskind Daniela , Schrader Merle , Foerster Michael H. , Ernemann Ulrike , Aisenbrey Sabine
Published: April 2014

Purpose

To delineate and discuss a not yet described possible ocular complication of selective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) for treatment of retinoblastoma.

Methods

A 23-month-old girl with a large unilateral retinoblastoma was treated with repeated SIAC using 5 mg melphalan between July 2010 and January 2012. Clinical course of tumor and further ocular changes after therapy and histopathologic findings are described.

Results

In total, 5 SIAC were performed over a time period of 18 months. After the last SIAC, diffuse dense cataract prevented further funduscopy. In addition, anterior chamber seeding was obvious, leading to the decision to enucleate the eye. Histopathologically, nearly complete regression of the main tumor mass with prominent calcifications, but vital tumor seeding in the vitreous, on the lens surface, on the ciliary body, and in the anterior chamber, was observed. Peculiar vacuolation of the lens epithelial cells, liquefaction of the subepithelial lens fibers, and diffuse small vacuoles within the lens were striking.

Conclusions

Repeated SIAC with melphalan may induce cataract formation, possibly as a toxic effect of the chemotherapeutic to the lens, maybe combined with radiation exposure during fluoroscopy. This ocular complication should be taken into consideration as a limitation of the number of feasible repeated treatments.
CD24 Gene Polymorphism - A Novel Prognostic Factor in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sadot Eran , Kraus Sarah , Stein Michael , Naboishchikov Ilana , Toledano Ohad , Kazanov Dina , Arber Nadir , Kashtan Hanoch
Published: April 2014

Background

The CD24 gene has been correlated with poor prognosis of various malignancies. The significance of CD24 in esophageal cancer remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the association between CD24 genetic polymorphism and esophageal cancer.

Materials and Methods

Between June 2011 and May 2012 patients with esophageal cancer and healthy controls were prospectively enrolled and clinicopathological data were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to determine CD24 polymorphism at the coding region of CD24, which results in a substitution of the amino acid Ala by Val. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired t-test, χ2-test, and Fisher's exact test.

Results

A total of 102 patients were included, of whom 51 had esophageal cancer and the rest comprised a healthy control group. The incidence of the polymorphism variant (Val/Val) among the healthy subjects and the esophageal cancer cohort was 6% in both groups. The incidence of N3 (metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes) was markedly higher in those esophageal cancer patients who carried the polymorphism variant compared with those who did not carry it (66% and 2%, respectively, p=0.007). No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to age, gender, histology type, tumor location, tumor stage, and other histological characteristics of the tumor.

Conclusions

This CD24 polymorphism may serve as a novel prognostic marker identifying esophageal cancer patients with poor prognosis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate CD24 function and to validate its predictive potential with regard to esophageal cancer.
The Effect of Starter Cultures on the Portuguese Traditional Sausage “Paio do Alentejo” in Terms of Its Sensory and Textural Characteristics and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Profile
Authors: M. Elias , E. Potes M. , C. Roseiro L. , C. Santos , A. Gomes , C. Agulheiro-Santos A.
Published: April 2014

“Paio do Alentejo” is a Portuguese dry-cured sausage, made with meat from the Alentejano pig breed. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the benefits of the use of starter cultures on the quality of the sausage, mainly with regard to its sensory properties, rheological characteristics and PAH profile.

Three batches of the product were examined: S1-inoculated with a commercial starter comprising Lactobacillus spp., Micrococcaceae and yeasts; S2-inoculated with a starter comprising Lactobacillus sakei and Staphylococcus xylosus; C-the control batch, was not inoculated.

A sensory panel of 12 experts analysed samples in accordance with a descriptive analysis using a structured scale. A Texture Profile Analysis and 16 EPA priority PAHs for dry fermented sausages were performed.

Both inoculated batches were well received by the judges, no significant differences being noted between them. The use of S2 led to a slight improvement in terms of cohesiveness. However, the use of starter cultures was not found to influence PAH content.
Cytotoxic Polyacetylenes from the Red Sea Sponge Siphonochalina siphonella
Authors: Ayyad Seif-Eldin N. , Angawy Rihab , Alarif  , Saqer Esraa A. , Badria Farid A.
Published: April 2014

Two new polyacetylenes, callyspongenol-D (1) and callyspongendiol (2), the known polyacetylene dehydrosiphonochalynol (3), and the known triterpenoid sipholenol-A (4) were isolated from the Red Sea sponge Siphonochalina siphonella. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds towards the human mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7 was determined by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, and compounds 4 and 1 were found to be the most toxic of the four, with IC50 values of 8.8 and 11:7 mM, respectively.
Tiempo de memoria, olvido y manipulación. Los jesuitas españoles expulsos y la vindicación de la conquista de América
Authors: Soriano Muñoz Núria
Published: April 2014

Desde el exilio y bajo los auspicios del conde de Floridablanca, un grupo particular de jesuitas expulsos participaron en la polémica del Nuevo Mundo llevando a cabo una vigorosa defensa del colonialismo español. Mediante las apologías de Ramón Diosdado, Juan Nuix, Antonio Julián y Mariano Llorente, nos ocuparemos en el presente artículo de reflexionar sobre el discurso ignaciano, puramente nacional, en tanto que ejercicio de recuperación de la memoria de la conquista, una rememoración heroica impregnada de valores católicos y conservadores, olvidos y distorsiones. Defendiendo a España de las acusaciones vertidas por los ilustrados extranjeros a finales del siglo XVIII, los jesuitas diferenciaron y exaltaron el pasado español frente a las potencias europeas, deformando, asimismo, la figura de Bartolomé de Las Casas, convertido en traidor antiespañol.
Castillo Gómez, Antonio (2013). Leggere nella Spagna Moderna. Erudizione, religiosità e svago
Authors: Castro Díaz Beatriz
Published: April 2014

Castillo Gómez, Antonio (2013)Leggere nella Spagna Moderna. Erudizione, religiosità e svagoBolonia: Pàtron, 126 p.ISBN 978-88-555-3200-6
Ruiz Astiz, Javier (2012). La fuerza de la palabra escrita. Amenazas e injurias en la Navarra del Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Antón Pelayo Javier
Published: April 2014

Ruiz Astiz, Javier (2012)La fuerza de la palabra escrita. Amenazas e injurias en la Navarra del AntiguoRégimenPamplona: Eunsa, 298 p.ISBN 978-8431328948
Número complet
Authors: Revista Editor
Published: April 2014

Número complet de Manuscrits vol. 31 (2013)
Pandemic H1N1 Targeted Messaging for Manitoba Metis: An Evaluation of a Risk Communication Intervention
Authors: Driedger S. Michelle , Maier Ryan , Sanguins Julianne , Carter Sheila , Bartlett Judith
Published: April 2014

Certain populations are more at-risk than others during a pandemic, and health systems are required to develop targeted risk messaging to ensure that those populations have access to necessary protective materials and information. During the H1N1 pandemic in 2009–2010, the Manitoba Metis Federation (MMF), with support from Manitoba Health, carried out a door-to-door risk communication campaign that targeted particularly at-risk Metis in Manitoba, Canada. This paper is an evaluation of that campaign. To investigate Metis perceptions of the intervention, researchers conducted five focus groups (n=50 participants) with Metis citizens in two communities where targeted home visitations were carried out. To understand the rationale and intentions of the intervention, researchers also carried out key informant interviews with MMF senior staff who were responsible for developing the intervention and delivering the training to the communication messengers. Despite the positive steps taken to reach an at-risk community, the outcomes of this particular intervention ultimately did not meet its intended goals. Efforts can be made during inter-pandemic periods to build on established relationships, learn from past experiences, and develop new solutions. To ensure optimum community reception, intensive health messaging campaigns need to strategize ways to impart health expertise in ways that are culturally relevant.
Pour une politique de rapprochement entre les peuples autochtones et les nouveaux arrivants francophones à Edmonton (Alberta)
Authors: Kermoal Nathalie , Mulatris Paulin
Published: April 2014

S’appuyant sur des données qualitatives recueillies à Edmonton entre avril 2011 et mars 2012 auprès de participants autochtones et d’immigrants africains francophones à Edmonton, cet article cherche à comprendre comment les nouveaux immigrants francophones interagissent avec les peuples autochtones, deux groupes perçus par la société dominante comme des groupes marginalisés. Les résultats de notre étude exploratoire montrent un tableau contrasté des perceptions que les uns ont des autres. Bien que l’étude révèle des malentendus et des incompréhensions de part et d’autre, les participants reconnaissent l’importance de développer des solidarités, afin de faciliter l’ouverture et le dialogue dans une grande ville comme Edmonton. Pour les participants, la construction de ces ponts mènerait vers un Canada nouveau et plus inclusif.
Fostering technology transfer in industrial biotechnology by academic spin-offs
Authors: Festel Gunter , Rittershaus Philipp
Published: April 2014

Industrial biotechnology is the commercial application of biotechnology using cells or components of cells, like enzymes, for industrial production processes including consumer goods, bioenergy and biomaterials. In the last years this area has gone through a fast technological development resulting in a high number of basic technologies based on research efforts at universities and research institutions. But a technology transfer gap exists between basic research and the commercialisation of the results. This gap can be closed by academic spin-offs which manage the technology transfer from universities and research institutions to industrial companies. After the spin-off process, the technology is further developed within the new venture normally using additional resources from external investors. As soon as the technology reaches a certain grade of maturity, the spin-offs can co-operate with an established company and work for them as a service provider or be acquired. The chosen approach of technology transfer depends on the type of company. Whereas multinational enterprises (MNEs) are very active in making new technologies available both by acquiring spin-offs or engaging them as service providers, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are focused on partnering with spin-offs, due to limited financial and management resources.
Considerations for Start-Up Biotech Company Valuation
Authors: Bratic Walter , Blok Justin R , Gostola Megan M
Published: April 2014

The prospect of government regulation, product liabilityÂ lawsuits, and customer reliance on third-party payers contribute to the complexity of valuing biotech start-ups. In addition, the inherent complexity of biologic drug manufacturing and storage creates secondary risks that must be considered in a valuation.
Building biotechnology in India â€“ Drugs are not the answer
Authors: Friedman Yali
Published: April 2014

Ihave had the pleasure of participating in national forums on biotechnology development in diverse countries. A common theme I see is that emerging economies wish to develop â€˜a biotechnology industry like the United States.â€™ I generally temper these ambitions by explaining that the United States does not have a biotechnology industry per se, but rather a handful of states have very strong biotechnology concentrations and many other states are still trying to build their domestic biotechnology industries. So the lesson for many emerging economies is to set ambitions at the US-state level rather than the US-national level. Furthermore, I also caution against aiming for drug development. Drug development is extremely expensive and riskyâ€”focusing on domestic agricultural or industrial biotechnology opportunities may be a better option.
FLUTUAÇÃO POPULACIONAL DE INSETOS-PRAGA NA CULTURA DO FEIJÃO-CAUPI NO ESTADO DE RORAIMA	Population fluctuation of insect pests in cowpea crop in Roraima State, Brazil
Authors: Marsaro Júnior Alberto Luiz , Valle da Silva Pereira Paulo Roberto
Published: April 2014

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a flutuação populacional das principais pragas da cultura do feijão-caupi no Estado de Roraima. O estudo foi realizado com a cultivar de feijão-caupi BRS Mazagão, durante os meses de agosto a outubro no ano de 2006, nos campos experimentais da Embrapa Roraima: Água Boa e Monte Cristo, numa área de 600 m², em cada campo. Durante o estudo, as áreas não receberam nenhuma aplicação de inseticida e os insetos foram coletados semanalmente, utilizando-se o pano de batida, sendo realizadas 10 batidas de pano por semana. A partir dos dados coletados foram avaliadas as flutuações populacionais das principais pragas coletadas ao longo do ciclo da cultura do feijão-caupi. As lagartas desfolhadoras Anticarsia gemmatalis e Pseudoplusia includens ocorreram em frequências muito baixas nas áreas avaliadas e não ocasionaram prejuízos à cultura do feijão-caupi. O percevejo fitófago Nezara viridula e o coleóptero desfolhador Cerotoma arcuata apresentaram seus picos populacionais na fase reprodutiva da cultura
ACLIMATIZAÇÃO DE VIDEIRAS MICROPROPAGADAS EM FRASCOS COM E SEM VEDAÇÃO E DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES DE SACAROSE	Acclimatization of micropropagated grapevine plants in vessels with or without closed and different sucrose concentration
Authors: Nakao Tanno Guilherme , Biasi Luiz Antonio
Published: April 2014

Diversos fatores influenciam o processo de aclimatização de plantas micropropagadas, como a concentração de sacarose no meio de cultura e a umidade do ambiente in vitro, que é dependente da técnica utilizada de vedação dos frascos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o efeito da concentração de sacarose no meio de cultura e a influência causada pela ausência e presença de filme de PVC na vedação dos frascos na micropropagação e aclimatização de videiras cv. Bordô. Os explantes utilizados foram segmentos nodais com uma gema e uma folha, medindo cerca de 10 mm de comprimento, inoculados em meio de cultura MS contendo a metade da concentração de sais e isento de reguladores de crescimento. Os tratamentos resultaram da combinação de diferentes concentrações de sacarose (0, 15 e 30 g L-1), com e sem vedação com filme de PVC. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualisado em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2) com 5 repetições. Após 48 dias de cultivo in vitro, o experimento foi avaliado. Após a avaliação, as videiras foram aclimatizadas e avaliadas novamente após 35 dias. As concentrações de 15 e 30 g L-1 de sacarose proporcionaram 100% de plantas enraizadas e com maior altura, maior número de folhas e maior comprimento médio das raízes, em relação à ausência de sacarose. A vedação com filme de PVC foi prejudicial ao crescimento das plantas na ausência de sacarose, resultando em baixa sobrevivência na aclimatização. Concluiu-se que para a aclimatização da videira cv. Bordô, deve-se utilizar 30 g L-1 de sacarose e frascos com ou sem vedação com filme de PVC.
ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DO CARVÃO VEGETAL PROVENIENTE DA REGIÃO SULhara DO BRASIL Characterization of the charcoal sample quality from the south of Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Heitor Renan , De Oliveira Machado Gilmara , Da Silva Marcio Rogério , Vogel Francieli , Hillig Everton
Published: April 2014

Este estudo teve por principal objetivo comparar amostras de carvão vegetal disponibilizadas no comércio da região de Irati (PR) e Esteio (RS), visando avaliar a qualidade desses produtos. As análises foram realizadas por meio da determinação dos teores de finos, de umidade, de cinzas e do Poder Calorífico. O teor de finos foi determinado como sendo a fração de partículas de carvão que passou por uma peneira de 10 mm, o teor de cinzas mediante pirólise do produto em mufla aquecida a 750 °C e o Poder Calorífico usando uma bomba calorimétrica modelo IKA C2000. As amostras avaliadas foram de carvão de Eucalyptus sp, de Acacia mearnsii De Wild, de Mimosa scabrella Bentham e de madeira não identificada. Como resultado parcial, obtiveram-se variações significativas para as diferentes amostras, com teor de finos na faixa de 0,54% a 7,85%, umidade de 7,92% a 9,59%, cinzas de 4,04% a 24,05% e Poder Calorífico na faixa de 7079 a 7561 kcal/kg. Conclui-se que a análise das propriedades de carvão vegetal é uma informação importante para um melhor conhecimento do produto que está sendo comercializado, em que a amostra de Acacia mearnsii De Wild apresentou o melhor resultado em relação às características analisadas.
VARIABILIDADE GENÉTICA EM POPULAÇÕES DE ERYTHRINA VELUTINA WILLD. POR MEIO DE ISOENZIMAS	Genetic variability of the Erythrina velutina Willd. populations by isoenzyme
Authors: Montalvão de Azevedo Rafaela , Oliveira dos Santos Heloisa , Anastácio Ferreira Robério , Moretti Marçal Rosilene , Silva-Mann Renata
Published: April 2014

As formações florestais naturais representam uma fonte imensurável de recursos genéticos, porém grande parte desses recursos está sendo impactada pela ação antrópica. Dentre as espécies mais destruídas, pode ser destacada a Erythrina velutina Willd., conhecida popularmente como “mulungu”. Apesar dessa espécie possuir valor madeireiro, ecológico, ornamental, industrial e medicinal, não existem relatos sobre sua diversidade genética. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a diversidade genética de indivíduos de E. velutina, por meio de marcadores bioquímicos, visando à conservação dos recursos genéticos da espécie. Foram coletadas folhas jovens de 13 indivíduos, localizados no Baixo São Francisco, na região semiárida e na região litorânea do Estado de Sergipe. As amostras foram submetidas a oito sistemas enzimáticos, dentre os quais, dois não apresentaram atividade e os demais foram polimórficos. Os seis sistemas enzimáticos selecionados (ADH, EST, IDH, MDH, PO e SOD) produziram 15 locos, sendo um monomórfico (Sod-5), e um total de 39 alelos. A análise das frequências alélicas indicou a presença de um total de 12 alelos de baixa frequência e de 15 alelos exclusivos, o que sugeriu a existência de variabilidade entre as três localidades. A espécie encontra-se em equilíbrio nas localidades estudadas em virtude do excesso de homozigotos indicado pelo índice de fixação. Os níveis de diversidade genética medidos por número médio de alelos por loco, porcentagem de locos polimórficos e heterozigosidade esperada foram altos, evidenciando as populações estudadas como potenciais para a conservação in situ e a coleta de sementes para a recuperação de áreas degradadas.
MANIPULAÇÃO DE AGROTÓXICOS E DESTINAÇÃO DE EMBALAGENS VAZIAS POR PEQUENOS AGRICULTORES DE CASA NOVA, BAHIA	Pesticide handling and allocation of empty containers for small farmers of Casa Nova, Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Salustriano da Silva Raissa l Rache , Da Silva Nogueira Santos Surane , Albano Francisca Gislene , Miranda de Souza Geisa Mayana
Published: April 2014

Os agrotóxicos garantem o aumento da produtividade agrícola, porém podem afetar os seres vivos, causando intoxicações e contaminando o meio ambiente. Nesse sentido, este trabalho realizou um levantamento no ano de 2010, em Casa Nova (BA), acerca dos aspectos socioeconômicos, da percepção de risco e das práticas de uso dos agrotóxicos. Constatou-se que a maioria dos manipuladores de agrotóxicos são homens, com faixa etária acima de 50 anos, analfabetos ou com as primeiras séries do Ensino Fundamental, detêm renda familiar inferior a um salário mínimo e atuam a mais de 20 anos em atividades agrícolas. Quanto à utilização, 98% utilizam agrotóxicos e apenas 2% realizam controle biológico. A maioria não conhece nenhuma das classes de toxidade dos agroquímicos e usam, principalmente, agrotóxicos pertencentes à classe II (altamente tóxicos), muitos não utilizam os equipamentos de proteção individual ou os utilizam de maneira incompleta. A maioria deles conhece o procedimento de tríplice lavagem e o correto destino das embalagens vazias de agrotóxicos que aprenderam na loja de fertilizantes, porém, apenas 42% o fazem.
DIAGNÓSTICO DOS RIOS LOCALIZADOS NAS ZONAS NORTE E SUL DE LONDRINA (PR)	Diagnosis the river located in the northern and southern areas of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Souza de Paula Amarildo , Neto Fernandes Barros Omar , Prieto Cainzos Rigoberto Lázaro , Ralisch Ricardo
Published: April 2014

O presente estudo foi realizado nas Zonas de Expansão Urbanas Norte e Sul de Londrina (PR), localizadas na mesorregião geográfica do Norte do Paraná, ocupando ao norte uma área de 2.594,58 ha e ao sul 4.246,23 ha, respectivamente. Utilizou-se o grande potencial do Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG), acompanhado de imagens de satélite Spot-5, para elaborar um mapa de conflitos de uso/ocupação do solo nas Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Os materiais utilizados nesse trabalho foram: imagens do satélite Spot-5, bandas multiespectrais 1, 2 e 3; passagem da órbita em 18 de janeiro de 2004; resolução espacial de 10m x 10m e uma banda Pancromática (PAN), com resolução espacial de 5m x 5m. O geoprocessamento teve suporte computacional no aplicativo do Sistema de Processamentode Informações Geocodificadas – SPRING 4.1.1. Concluiu-se que há diversos problemas ambientais nessas áreas, decorrentes da interferência antrópica sobre elementos essenciais da vegetação arbórea e recursos hídricos – como práticas agrícolas, pecuária (pastagem, piscicultura e granjas) e urbanização acelerada e desordenada.
DINÂMICA ENTRE TEMPERATURAS DO AR E DO SOLO SOB DUAS CONDIÇÕES DE COBERTURA	Dynamic between air and soil temperature under two conditions of coverage
Authors: Leoni Belan Leônidas , Miranda Teixeira Xavier Talita , Torres Herbert , Toledo João Vitor , Macedo Pezzopane José Eduardo
Published: April 2014

Variações na temperatura do solo podem afetar significativamente a interação solo-planta. A aplicação de cobertura vegetal morta sobre o solo tem sido utilizada para protegê-lo contra variações bruscas de temperatura, reduzir a perda de água, etc., e assim modificando o microclima específico e vários processos físicos, químicos e biológicos. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a variação da temperatura no perfil do solo em condições de solo descoberto e com cobertura de palha seca, verificando a correlação entre a temperatura do ar e do solo em diferentes profundidades. A temperatura do solo foi monitorada nas profundidades de 2, 5, 10 e 20 cm por sensores de temperatura do solo. Os dados foram registrados a cada 10min no decorrer de 20 dias. Concluiu-se que a temperatura no perfil do solo varia em função da profundidade e da condição de cobertura. Na ausência de cobertura de palha seca, a temperatura do solo apresentou maiores amplitudes ao longo do dia, e essas amplitudes variaram ao longo do perfil. Em ambas as condições de cobertura do solo, nas profundidades 10 e 20 cm verifica-se menor amplitude térmica, e os horários em que ocorrem os valores máximos de temperatura são diferentes em cada camada do solo. Houve correlação positiva entre a temperatura do ar e do solo, na presença e na ausência de palha seca. Essa correlação foi menor no solo coberto e reduz ao longo do perfil, indicando ocorrência de fluxo de calor entre o ar atmosférico e o solo, reduzido pela presença da cobertura de palha.
AVALIAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE TRATAMENTO DE EFLUENTES DE LATICÍNIOS	Evaluation of treatment process of dairy effluent
Authors: Sauer Pokrywiecki Ticiane , Pavani Gumy Mariane , Benedetti Tonial Ivane , Pokrywiecki Juan Carlos
Published: April 2014

O Estado do Paraná, especialmente a região sudoeste, tem um grande número de laticínios de pequeno e médio porte, cuja contribuição em termos de águas receptoras é muito significativa. O tratamento normalmente utilizado para águas residuárias de laticínios é do tipo biológico, em função da grande quantidade de matéria orgânica presente em sua constituição. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da uma estação de tratamento de efluentes de laticínio usando métodos convencionais de tratamento constituído de processos anaeróbios e aeróbios. A biodegradabilidade dos efluentes gerados na indústria de laticínio também foi avaliada, levando em consideração o processo de tratamento utilizado. Para tanto, foram analisados os parâmetros de pH, DQO e DBO5, de acordo com a metodologia padrão. O processo de tratamento empregado se mostrou eficiente na remoção de poluentes, uma vez que os valores médios de pH (8,12), DQO (94%) e DBO (90,15%) e a relação DQO/DBO (1,42) mostraram uma redução significativa nos parâmetros analisados indicando um efluente potencialmente biodegradável.
MODELOS MATEMÁTICOS PARA ESTIMAR A FITOMASSA FOLIAR DE GUAÇATONGA (CASEARIA DECANDRA JACQ.)	Mathematical model to estimate guaçatonga (Casearia decandra Jacq.) leaf phytomass
Authors: Satoshi Matsushita Milton , Tuyoshi Hosokawa Roberto , Corrêa Júnior Cirino , Petersen Parchen Carlos Augusto
Published: April 2014

O Estado do Paraná, considerado um grande produtor agrícola, apresenta substancial redução nas áreas de florestas nativas. Os fragmentos florestais localizados nos remanescentes da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, apresentam uma rica diversidade de produtos da sociobiodiversidade de uso medicinal. As principais espécies arbóreas da região são nativas, com destaque para uma espécie popularmente conhecida na região como guaçatonga (Casearia decandra Jacq.). Este trabalho objetivou calcular o peso da fitomassa foliar de guaçatonga sem eliminar as árvores, por meio de modelos matemáticos que estimam a produção de fitomassa foliar e o seu valor econômico, possibilitando a melhoria econômica e social nas propriedades familiares por meio de sua exploração periódica e seletiva, incentivando a manutenção e ampliação dos fragmentos florestais, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e garantindo a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção. Buscouse ajustar modelos matemáticos para estimar a fitomassa foliar a partir de parâmetros dendrométricos. O modelo Schumacher modificado com as variáveis DAP e altura total demonstrou ser o mais adequado para estimar a fitomassa foliar em fragmentos florestais com plantas nativas de guaçatonga sem nenhum sistema de manejo, com uma variação acentuada na correlação entre DAP e altura total, enquanto o modelo Prodan modificado com a variável DAP demonstrou ser o melhor para ser utilizado em fragmentos florestais com plantas de guaçatonga manejadas, em que as plantas apresentam uma correlação entre DAP e altura total mais homogênea.
LODO DE ESGOTO SUBMETIDO AO REVOLVIMENTO: EFEITO SOBRE SÓLIDOS TOTAIS, PH E OVOS VIÁVEIS DE HELMINTOS Sewage sludge subjected to revolving: effects on total solids, pH and viable helminth eggs
Authors: Bittencourt Simone , Monte Serrat Beatriz , Vitório Andreoli Cleverson , Nunes de Moura Edilberto , Lazzarotto Togny Franciana , Tavares Pinto da Silva Luiz Antônio
Published: April 2014

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o comportamento de sólidos totais, pH e ovos viáveis de helmintos (Ascaris) em lodo de esgoto submetido a processo de revolvimento a cada sete dias por um período de 56 dias. O estudo foi desenvolvido em duas épocas, no outono e na primavera de 2010, com medições realizadas aos 0, 14, 28, 42 e 56 dias. Os resultados demonstram que ao longo do tempo houve um aumento dos sólidos totais e redução do pH do lodo de esgoto. Verificou-se uma redução significativa no número de ovos viáveis de helmintos (Ascaris) na medição de 56 dias nas duas épocas do estudo.
The Amputation Prevention Initiative
Authors: Cook Emily A. , Cook Jeremy J. , Labre Magdala Peixoto , Givens Howard , DiResta James J.
Published: April 2014

Background

The Amputation Prevention Initiative is a project conducted jointly by the Massachusetts Public Health Association and the Massachusetts Podiatric Medical Society that seeks to study methods to reduce nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations from diabetes.

Methods

To determine the rate of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in Massachusetts and identify the groups most at risk, hospital billing and discharge data were analyzed. To examine the components of the diabetic foot examination routinely performed by general practitioners, surveys were conducted in conjunction with physician meetings in Massachusetts (n = 149) and in six other states (n = 490).

Results

The average age-adjusted number of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in 2004 was 30.8 per 100,000 and 5.3 per 1,000 diabetic patients in MA, with high-risk groups being identified as men and black individuals. Among the general practitioners surveyed in Massachusetts, only 2.01% reported routinely conducting all four key components of the diabetic foot examination, with 28.86% reporting not performing any components.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that many general practitioners may be failing to perform the major components of the diabetic foot examination believed to prevent foot ulcers and lower-extremity amputations.