bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Car-Sharing on Urban Sustainability
Authors: Roblek Vasja , Meško Maja , Podbregar Iztok
Published: January 2021

(1) Background: The article gives us an insight into the key issues of the car-sharing and its impact on urban sustainability. (2) Methods: A selection of 314 articles published in peer-reviewed journals from the Scopus database were analysed using Leximancer 5.0 for Automated Content analysis. (3) Results: Seven themes were identified explaining the researched topic of the car-sharing situation in Europe, which are Sharing, Economy, Model, Systems, Electrical car-sharing, Policy and Travel. There are two ways of sharing owned cars in Europe, access to cars from the fleet of private organizations and P2P car-sharing. Sustainable environmental solutions in the context of the electrification of cars are used. Car-sharing usually takes place online and can be free or for a free as defined by The European Economic and Social Committee. (4) Conclusions: The article provides an overview of understanding the concept of urban car-sharing in Europe.
Adaptive Network Automata Modelling of Complex Networks
Authors: Muscoloni Alessandro , Michieli Umberto , Cannistraci Carlo Vittorio
Published: January 2021

Many complex networks have a connectivity that might be only partially detected or that tends to grow over time, hence the prediction of non-observed links is a fundamental problem in network science. The aim of topological link prediction is to forecast these non-observed links by only exploiting features intrinsic to the network topology. It has a wide range of real applications, like suggesting friendships in social networks or predicting interactions in biological networks.The Cannistraci-Hebb theory is a recent achievement in network science that includes a theoretical framework to understand local-based link prediction on paths of length n. In this study we introduce two innovations: theory of modelling (science) and theory of realization (engineering). For the theory of modelling we first recall a definition of network automata as a general framework for modelling the growth of connectivity in complex networks. We then show that several deterministic models previously developed fall within this framework and we introduce novel network automata following the Cannistraci-Hebb rule. For the theory of realization, we present how to build adaptive network automata for link prediction, which incorporate multiple deterministic models of self-organization and automatically choose the rule that better explains the patterns of connectivity in the network under investigation. We compare Cannistraci-Hebb adaptive (CHA) network automaton against state-of-the-art link prediction methods such as structural perturbation method (SPM), stochastic block models (SBM) and artificial intelligence algorithms for graph embedding. CHA displays an overall higher link prediction performance across different evaluation frameworks on 1386 networks. Finally, we highlight that CHA offers the key advantage to explicitly explain the mechanistic rule of self-organization which leads to the link prediction performance, whereas SPM and graph embedding not. In comparison to CHA, SBM unfortunately shows irrelevant and unsatisfactory performance demonstrating that SBM modelling is not adequate for link prediction in real networks.
Higher Prevalence of Dementia but No Improvement in Total Comfort While Dying Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia Between 2010 and 2015: Results From Two Retrospective Epidemiological Studies
Authors: Miranda Rose , Smets Tinne , Van Den Noortgate Nele , Deliens Luc , Block Lieve Van den
Published: January 2021

Important policy developments in dementia and palliative care in nursing homes between 2010 and 2015 in Flanders, Belgium might have influenced which people die in nursing homes and how they die. We aimed to examine differences between 2010 and 2015 in the prevalence and characteristics of residents with dementia in nursing homes in Flanders, and their palliative care service use and comfort in the last week of life. We used two retrospective epidemiological studies, including 198 residents in 2010 and 183 in 2015, who died with dementia in representative samples of nursing homes in Flanders. We found a 23%-point increase in dementia prevalence (P-value<0.001), with a total of 11%-point decrease in severe to very severe cognitive impairment (P=0.04). Controlling for this difference in resident characteristics, in the last week of life, there were increases in the use of pain assessment (+20%-point; P<0.001) and assistance with eating and drinking (+10%-point; P=0.02) but no change in total comfort. The higher prevalence of dementia in nursing homes with no improvement in residents’ total comfort while dying emphasize an urgent need to better support nursing homes in improving their capacities to provide timely and high-quality palliative care services to more residents dying with dementia.
Performance Degradation of Silicon Based Magnetorheological Elastomer Under Accelerated Weathering Treatment
Authors: Wibowo W. , Lenggana Bhre Wangsa , Ubaidillah U. , Ariawan Dody , Imaduddin Fitrian , Mazlan Saiful Amri
Published: January 2021

Silicone RTV-based engineering rubber composite products have been widely used for several applications in various fields as a major component such as structure, automotive, and medical. In its application, the rubber composite product is placed in an open area that is directly exposed to sunlight and rain. It has a significant negative impact on changes in chemical and rheological properties, making the product life of rubber composite products shorter. Therefore, in this study, changes in the chemical and rheological properties of both isotropic and anisotropic magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) treated with accelerated weathering were studied compared to untreated specimens with specimens that had been treated. MRE specimens with 40% by weight CIP were prepared with no current excitation and another sample were made under 1.5 T of magnetic flux density. Each specimen was treated in an accelerated weathering machine Q-Sun Xe-1 Xenon Test Chamber with a UV light exposure cycle for 102 minutes and 18 minutes of UV light combined with water spray for 24 hours followed by a condensation cycle of 4 hours in a dark period. Material characterization was carried out using FTIR and Rheometer to determine the changes in chemical and rheological properties. The morphological analysis results showed that the surface was rough and more cavities occurred after being given weather treatment. Rheometer test results showed a decrease in storage modulus in each MRE specimen that had been treated compared to untreated MRE specimens. Meanwhile, FTIR testing showed a change in wave peak between untreated and treated MRE specimens.
Sarcopenic Obesity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease – The Union of Two Culprits
Authors: Emhmed Ali Saad , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: January 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) continues to rise and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease among all ages and ethnicities. Metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance are closely associated with sarcopenia and NAFLD. Sarcopenic obesity is a clinical disorder characterized by the simultaneous loss of skeletal muscle and gain of adipose tissue. It is associated with worse outcomes in individuals with NAFLD. It is projected that NAFLD and sarcopenia will rise as the prevalence of obesity continues to increase at an unparallel rate. Recently, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have gained considerable interest, but we still lack a well-defined definition and a management approach. Therefore, it is imperative to continue shining the light on this topic and better understand the underlying mechanism as well as treatment options. In this review article, we aimed to address the pathophysiology, impact, and outcomes of sarcopenic obesity on NAFLD.
Effects of tDCS on Sound Duration in Patients with Apraxia of Speech in Primary Progressive Aphasia
Authors: Themistocleous Charalambos , Webster Kimberly , Tsapkini Kyrana
Published: January 2021

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left Inferior Frontal Gyrus (IFG) was found to improve apraxia of speech (AOS) in post-stroke aphasia, speech fluency in adults who stutter, naming and spelling in primary progressive (PPA). This paper aims to determine whether tDCS over the left IFG coupled with AOS therapy improves speech fluency in patients with PPA more than sham. Eight patients with non-fluent PPA with AOS symptoms received either active or sham tDCS, along with speech therapy for 15 weekday sessions. Speech therapy consisted of repetition of increasing syllable-length words. Evaluations took place before, immediately after, and two months post-intervention. Words were segmented into vowels and consonants and the duration of each vowel and consonant was measured. Segmental duration was significantly shorter after tDCS than sham for both consonants and vowels. tDCS gains generalized to untrained words. The effects of tDCS sustained over two months post-treatment in trained words. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the tDCS over the left IFG facilitates speech production by reducing segmental duration. The results provide preliminary evidence that tDCS can maximize efficacy of speech therapy in non-fluent PPA with AOS.
Tourism Sensitivity to Natural Disaster: a Case Study of Ranau Earthquake 2015
Authors: Matusin Ak Mohd Rafiq Ak , Leng Pau Chung , Rosley Muhamad Solehin Fitry , Rusli Noradila , Ling Gabriel Hoh Teck , Ahmad Mohd Hamdan , Rahman Syumi Rafida Abdul
Published: January 2021

Despite increased global interest in the impacts of natural disasters on tourism, less study executes exploring how tourism sensitivity is addressed at the destination level. Generating a link between tourism and natural disaster management is vital in places that rely heavily on tourism and are prone to natural hazards. Ranau, Sabah (Malaysia) is one of the disaster-prone tourists' destination area. Hence, this paper applies the case study of Ranau earthquake 2015 to explore tourism sensitivity towards natural disasters. A qualitative of in-depth interview is applied to acquire information needed from the Ranau tourism entrepreneurs and operators. To analyse the qualitative data, a thematic analysis is conducted. Overall findings show that tourism activity in Ranau are identified to be sensitive towards the 2015 earthquake with a significant percentage of sensitivity level on two elements. These elements are known as Source and Power. The Source element includes tourism products, size of business, development, and natural disasters management with a significant sensitivity compared to the Power element (social capital). This provides insight to the need of specific tourism system adaptation as response to the earthquake and considering the integration of natural disaster management into tourism development to enhance long term sustainability.
Technical and Economic Aspects of Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) Maintenance in Urban Environments
Authors: Biocca Marcello , Gallo Pietro , Sperandio Giulio
Published: January 2021

The Italian Stone Pine (Pinus pinea L.) is one of the most employed ornamental trees in towns with Mediterranean climates. For example, in the city of Rome, Pinus is the most common genus, with more than 51,000 trees. This study investigates technical and economic features of maintenance operations of Stone Pines and evaluates the productivity and costs of the observed yards. Pruning and felling are the most frequent management operations of trees in towns and this study analyzes the features of these operations carried out in 14 work sites. The operations were carried out either with aerial platforms (19 trees) or ascending the crown by tree-climbing (6 trees). The operations were sampled with time studies (12 trees for pruning and 13 for felling). Work time was measured from the beginning of operations to the transport of the residual biomass to the collection and loading point, using centesimal stopwatches and video recording. The total residual biomass was weighed or assessed. Total observation time amounted to 63.1 hours. The evaluation of the costs of each work site considered the fixed and the variable costs and the costs for the labor force. A Multiple Linear Regression model (statistics: determination coefficient R2: 0.74, adjusted R2: 0.67, p-value < 0.001) which utilizes four regressors easily evaluable before the work, was adopted to predict the gross time of the operations. This paper can contribute to optimize trees maintenance methods in urban sites and to assess the potential residual wood biomass attainable from urban forestry maintenance in the city of Rome.
Hybrid Optimization Model for Conjunctive Use of Surface and Groundwater Resources in Water Deficit Irrigation System
Authors: MoothampalayamSampathkumar Karthikeyan , Ramasamy Saravanan , Ramasubbu Balamurugan , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Karuppanan Saravanan , Lakshminarayanan Balaji
Published: January 2021

Increasing demand for food production with limited available water resources pose the threat to agricultural activities. The conjunctive allocation of water resources maximizes the net benefit of farmers efficiently. In this study, a novel hybrid optimization model was developed based on a genetic algorithm (GA), bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to maximize the net benefit of water deficit Sathanur reservoir command. The GA-based opti-mization model considered crop-related physical and economical parameters to derive optimal cropping patterns for three different conjunctive use policies and further allocation of surface and groundwater for different crops are enhanced with the BFO. The allocation of surface and groundwater for the head, middle and tail reach obtained from BFO is considered as input to ACO as a guiding mechanism to attain an optimal cropping pattern. Comparing the average produc-tivity values Policy 3 (3.665 Rs/m3) has better values relating to Policy 1 (3.662 Rs/m3) and Policy 2 (3.440 Rs/m3). Thus, the developed novel hybrid optimization model (GA-BFO-ACO) is very promising to enhance the farmer's net income as well as for the command area water conservation and can be replicated in other irrigated regions of the globe to overcome chronic land and water problems.
Critical View on Buffer Layer Formation and Monolayer Graphene Properties in High-Temperature Sublimation
Authors: Stanishev Vallery , Armakavicius Nerijus , Bouhafs Chamseddine , Coletti Camilla , Kuhne Philipp , Ivanov Ivan G. , Zakharov Alexei A. , Yakimova Rositsa , Darakchieva Vanya
Published: January 2021

In this work we have critically reviewed the processes in high-temperature sublimation growth of graphene in Ar atmosphere using enclosed graphite crucible. Special focus is put on buffer layer formation and free charge carrier properties of monolayer graphene and quasi-freestanding monolayer garphene on 4H-SiC. We show that by introducing Ar at different temperatures, TAr one can shift to higher temperatures the formation of the buffer layer for both n-type and semi-insulating substrates. A scenario explaining the observed suppresed formation of buffer layer at higher TAr is proposed and discussed. Increased TAr is also shown to reduce the sp3 hybridization content and defect densities in the buffer layer on n-type conductive substrates. Growth on semi-insulating substrates results in ordered buffer layer with significantly improved structural properties, for which TAr plays only a minor role. The free charge density and mobility parameters of monolayer graphene and quasi-freestanding monolayer graphene with different TAr and different environmental treatment conditions are determined by contactless terahertz optical Hall effect. An efficient annealing of donors on and near the SiC surface takes place in intrinsic monolayer graphene grown at 2000∘C, and which is found to be independent of TAr. Higher TAr leads to higher free charge carrier mobility parameters in both intrinsically n-type and ambient p-type doped monolayer graphene. TAr is also found to have a profound effect on the free hole parameters of quasi-freestanding monolayer graphene. These findings are discussed in view of interface and buffer layer properties in order to construct a comprehensive picture of high-temperature sublimation growth and provide guidance for growth parameters optimization depending on the targeted graphene application.
APC Splicing Mutations Leading to In-Frame Exon Skipping are Rare Events in FAP Pathogenesis and Define the Clinical Outcome
Authors: Disciglio Vittoria , Forte Giovanna , Fasano Candida , Sanese Paola , Lepore Signorile Martina , De Marco Katia , Grossi Valentina , Cariola Filomena , Simone Cristiano
Published: January 2021

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is caused by germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene APC. To date, nearly 2000 APC mutations have been described in FAP, most of which are predicted to result in truncated protein products. Mutations leading to aberrant APC splicing have rarely been reported. Here, we characterized a novel germline heterozygous splice donor site mutation in APC exon 12 (NM_000038.5: c.1621_1626+7del) leading to exon 12 skipping in an Italian family with the attenuated FAP (AFAP) phenotype. Moreover, we performed a literature me-ta-analysis of APC splicing mutations. We found that 123 unique APC splice site mutations, in-cluding the one described here, have been reported in FAP patients, 69 of which have been char-acterized at the mRNA level. Among these, only a small proportion (9/69) results in an in-frame protein, with 4 mutations causing skipping of exon 12 and/or 13 with loss of armadillo repeat 2 (ARM2) and 3 (ARM3), and 5 mutations leading to skipping of exon 5, 7, 8, and (partially) 9 with loss of regions not encompassing known functional domains. The APC splicing mutations considered in this study cluster with the AFAP phenotype and delineate a novel molecular mechanism of pathogenesis in FAP disease.
Electric Mobility in East-Africa: How the Policy and Stakeholder Environment Tackles the Integration of Informal Transport Systems Into Low-Carbon Transition – Case Studies From Kigali, Kisumu, Nairobi and Dar es Salaam
Authors: Galuszka Jakub , Martin Emilie , Nkurunziza Alphonse , Achieng' Oginga Judith , Senyagwa Jacqueline , Teko Edmund , Lah Oliver
Published: January 2021

Electric mobility begins to enter East-African markets. This paper aims to investigate what policy level solutions and stakeholder constellations are established in the context of e-mobility in Dar es Salaam, Kigali, Kisumu and Nairobi and in which ways they attempt to tackle implementation of electric mobility solutions. The study employs two key methods including content analysis of policy and programmatic documents as well as interviews based on purposive sampling ap-proach with stakeholders involved in mobility transitions. The study findings point out that transport operators and their representative associations are less recognized as major players in the transition, far behind new e-mobility players (start-ups) and public authorities. The study further indicates that a set of financial and technical barriers persist such as high upfront invest-ment costs in vehicles and infrastructure, or anxieties regarding competitiveness with fossil fuel vehicles, that constrain the uptake of such private e-mobility initiatives. This study concludes by identifying current gaps that need to be tackled by policy makers and stakeholders in order to implement inclusive electric mobility in East-African cities, considering modalities that include transport providers and address their financial constraints.
Development of Resin Fibrous Grinding Wheels Using Twin Nozzle PELID and Analysis of Their Grinding Performance
Authors: Kashimura Satoshi , Inazawa Katsufumi , Ohmori Hitoshi , Itoh Nobuhide ,   Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan,   The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Japan
Published: January 2021

The development of grinding wheels that are capable of improving the grinding accuracy and the finished surface roughness via the grinding process is increasingly sought in industries. The refinement of grinding wheels comprising abrasive grains is an effective means of improving the ground surface quality. The general methods used for fabricating grinding wheels tend to facilitate the aggregation of fine abrasive grains, resulting in poor abrasive distribution. Therefore, we focused on the electro-spinning mode of Patterning with Electrostatically Injected Droplet (PELID), which is capable of forming micro resin fibers. Subsequently, we attempted to fabricate fibrous grinding wheels containing abrasive grains by using the twin nozzle PELID technique that applies this mode. We confirmed through experiments that resin fibers containing abrasive grains can be manufactured efficiently using PELID and succeeded in manufacturing fibrous grinding wheels containing abrasive grains.
Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Assisted Catalyst-Referred Etching for SiC (0001) Surface
Authors: Toh Daisetsu , Bui Pho Van , Yamauchi Kazuto , Sano Yasuhisa ,   Department of Precision Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-00817, Japan,   Research Center for Ultra-Precision Science and Technology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
Published: January 2021

In a previous study, we developed an abrasive-free polishing method named catalyst-referred etching (CARE) and used it for the planarization of silicon carbide (SiC) (0001). In this method, Si atoms at step edges are preferentially removed through a catalytically assisted hydrolysis reaction to obtain an atomically smooth and crystallographically well-ordered surface. However, the removal rate is low (< nm/h) and needs to be improved. In this study, we proposed an ultraviolet (UV) light assisted CARE method. In this method, UV light is irradiated onto a SiC surface to generate holes and oxidize the surface. The oxidized area, consisting of SiO2, can be quickly removed to form a nano-pit owing to the higher removal rate of SiO2 compared to that of SiC. The periphery of the nano-pits works as a reaction site, leading to a higher removal rate. To enhance the oxidation rate and form nano-pits, we applied electrochemical bias to the SiC substrate. However, the removal rate did not improve significantly when the bias voltage was higher than 3.0 V. This is because the electrochemical potential of Pt increased with the anodic potential of SiC, which oxidized the Pt surface and degraded the catalyst capability. To avoid this issue, we modified the catalytic pad, where an in-situ refreshment of the Pt surface is possible. As a result, the removal rate increased up to 200 nm/h at a bias of 7.0 V, which is 100 times higher than that of the CARE without UV irradiation. The proposed method is expected to contribute to the enhancement in the productivity and quality of next-generation SiC substrates.
Study on Grinding of Hypocycloid-Curved Rotor Made of Alumina Ceramics with a Small-Diameter Ball-End Electroplated Diamond Grinding Wheel
Authors: Imada Takumi , Makiyama Tadashi , Nakagawa Heisaburo , Hasegawa Yoshihide , Tomoda Kenji , Ogawa Keiji ,   Industrial Research Center of Shiga Prefecture 232 Kamitoyama, Ritto-shi, Shiga 520-3004, Japan,   Heishin Techno Werke Ltd., Nagahama, Japan,   Nakagawa Machining R&D Center, Wakayama, Japan,   Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
Published: January 2021

The coating process of high-performance films, such as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, requires high-precision transfer of settling slurries and high-viscosity liquids. This is because transfer characteristics, such as low pulsation and quantitative transfer, have a significant impact on product performance. A single eccentric screw pump is used in this coating process. One component of this pump is a complex-shaped rotor. This rotor must have high precision and high wear and chemical resistance. To meet these requirements, we applied alumina ceramics, which have excellent material properties, to the constituent materials of the rotor. However, for rotors with hypocycloid-curved surfaces, the development of a highly accurate and highly efficient alumina ceramic grinding technology is required. For this purpose, a free-form grinding technique using small-diameter ball-end electroplated diamond grinding wheels is indispensable. In the present study, we carried out machining experiments on inclined and cylindrical surfaces as a basic study. As a result, by increasing the grinding speed with a high-speed spindle, we achieved the precision, quality, and efficiency required for rotor grinding.
Foraminiferal Faunal Changes in the Upper Pliensbachian–Toarcian Ammonitico Rosso Sections (Bakonycsernye, Hungary)
Authors: Görög Ágnes , Zsiborás Gábor
Published: January 2021

From the upper Pliensbachian–Toarcian interval of the Neotethys, this is the first record of isolated foraminiferal assemblages obtained from the Ammonitico Rosso limestone successions. The studied sections of Bakonycsernye (Hungary) had been dated by ammonites. The foraminiferal fauna extracted by glacial acetic acid yielded 86 benthic foraminiferal taxa. Most specimens belonged to the suborders Spirillinina and Lagenina followed by the Ammodiscina. The representatives of suborders Astrorhizina, Komokioidea, Verneuilinina, Robertinina, and Rotaliina were subordinated; miliolids were absent. Paralingulina csernyensis n. sp. was described from the upper Pliensbachian. The majority of species have wide stratigraphic ranges, however the previously known distributions of seven species changed based on their appearances in these sections. Nevertheless, the stratigraphic distributions of the foraminiferal species enabled accurate dating to stage-level. Based on the comparison of the taxonomic composition with other coeval foraminiferal faunas of the Neotethys, foraminiferal biozones and bioevents are discussed in this paper.
Phenacophragma OezeriN. SP., a Benthic Foraminifera from Albian Shallow Marine Carbonates of the Geyİk Daği Area (Southern Turkey)
Authors: Solak Cemile , Taslı Kemal
Published: January 2021

Phenacophragma oezeri n. sp. (phylum Foraminifera, family Mayncinidae) is described from the Albian shallow-marine limestones of the Geyik Daği area, Central Taurides, S Turkey. It is characterized by a lenticular, completely involute test with eight to nine wedge-shaped chambers in the last whorl rapidly increased in height and by an areal and small slit-like aperture. It occurs in benthic foraminiferal wackestone/packstone and grainstone microfacies with gastropods, rudists and dasycladalean algae, in association with mainly Protochrysalidina elongata, Pseudonummoloculina aurigerica, Pseudonummoloculina heimi, Mayncina bulgarica, Mesorbitolina gr. texana, Cuneolina sliteri, Cuneolina parva, Akcaya minuta, and Akcaya auruncensis. This new species differs from the type species Phenacophragma assurgens in having a completely involute and lenticular test with less numerous chambers in the last whorl. It can be distinguished from the accompanied Mayncina bulgarica by its more axially compressed lenticular shape and its wedge-shaped (rather than falciform) chambers.
The phenomenology of the subject-object relation
Authors: Losev Aleksei F. , Takho-Godi Aza A. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University,   Library of the History of Russian Philosophy and Culture “A.F. Losev House”, Troitskii Victor P.
Published: January 2021

The publication of newly discovered materials from the archive of A.F. Losev relating to the original composition of the famous philosopher’s book “Philosophy of the Name” (1927) continues. Previously, the “Philosophy Journal” (No. 3, 2019) published “The gen­eral characteristic of tetractide dialectics”, a fragment which was intended to open the second, unreleased part of the book. In it, a kind of categorical system unfolds from the “dialectics of the first-entity” to the “dialectics of the name of the entity”. This new piece bearing the provisional title of “The Phenomenology of the subject – object rela­tion” presents the closing sections of the second part of the book. Here, Losev begins with treating the relationship of the primo-entity and the name of the entity in energetic terms (eidos, energy, energema). Then, in terms of the same notions he describes the rela­tions between the outside world and the subject of understanding. At the same time, all nuances of such connections and relations are expressed by a list of carefully selected an­tinomies (matter and essence, object and subject). This demonstrates the effectiveness of the phenomenological-dialectical method adopted by A.F. Losev. The very same dialecti­cal system is well found in other works of A.F. Losev (1920s), such as in the book “An­cient Space and Modern Science” (chapter “Name and its Dialectics”) and “Philosophy of the Name”. In those other works, it is presented in a slightly less detailed form, albeit still in terms of the same antinomies. In the excerpt presented here, the subtle distinction be­tween the two types of meon – the essence (internal) and material (external), receives a clearer exposition than in the above-mentioned books. This distinction is important be­cause it determined the specificity of Losev’s phenomenology in many ways.
Informed Consent in the Big Data Age: The Need for Normative Updates
Authors:   Middle-Volga Institute (branch) of Russian State University of Justice (MOJ Russia RPA), Koval Ekaterina A. , Martynova Marina D. ,   N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, Zhadunova Natalya V. ,   N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University
Published: January 2021

Big data is changing the usual practices of obtaining informed consent. Traditional informed consent models stop working because they don’t take into account the speed, volume, and variety of collected and processed data. In the traditional model it is extremely difficult to identify all possible uses for the information received from users, and obtaining secondary consent is difficult or simply impossible in a situation where data is depersonalized. As a re­sult, a person signing an informed consent gets into the situation described by J. Heller in the novel «Catch-22»: absurd rules aimed at taking care of the individual lead to the op­posite results. To avoid falling into catch-22, it is necessary to create new models of in­formed consent (the model of broad (full) consent, the model of dynamic consent, the mar­ket model, the model of postponed consent, the model of meta consent, the model of multi-level consent, the democratic model of consent), which can more effectively protect per­sonal autonomy, confidentiality, privacy and serve as a guarantor of trust in the subjects of collecting, processing, and using big data. Although the new models of informed consent are not without drawbacks, a complete rejection of this procedure entails a violation of the pre­cautionary principle and increases the likelihood of harm to the data subject. At the same time, following the precautionary principle should take into account the relationship be­tween the individual and the General good and not hinder the development of different spheres of public life in the condition of big data accumulation. The creation of rules governing the receipt of informed consent and the use of data should be based on an analysis of existing practices and take into account a measure of openness and trust, which are determined by both personal and socio-cultural characteristics.
The Phenomenon of Universality in G.E. Moore’s Moral Philosophy
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Loginov Evgeny V.
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the problem of universality in G.E. Moore’s ethics. Based on an ana­lysis of Principia Ethica and related works, I have identified three meanings of this notion. These are ontological universality, epistemic universality, and practical universality. Univer­sality in the first meaning is that the very notion of good is universal. Universality in the se­cond meaning is that if one instantiation of X is good, we can be sure that all other instantia­tions of X are also good. Universality in the third meaning means that if a certain type of be­havior has some moral value, it has it in all cases. Further scrutiny shows that the phrase “in all cases” in the third meaning of universality can sometimes be restricted to a certain type of society, while in other cases there are no such restrictions.
Clinical Outcomes and Donor Site Morbidity of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Full Thickness Peroneus Longus Tendon
Authors: Ge Zhe , Wang Bingnan , Zhang Xinchao , Zhang Shichao
Published: January 2021

Backgroud: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important anatomical structure for maintaining the stability and moveability of a knee joint. When the load exceeds its strength, ACL will be damaged or broken. The main therapy for a fractured ACL is the arthroscopic ligament reconstruction technique. Commonly used reconstruction materials are grouped into three categories: autologous tendons, allogeneic tendons and artificial materials. Peroneal longus tendon(PLT) is an autograft, its superficial location and easier access contribute to its increasing application as a new graft substitute in cruciate ligament reconstructions over recent years. Our research is aiming to investigate the functional recovery of the knee joint after anterior cruciate ligament transplantation with autologous peroneus longus tendon under arthroscopy and its influence on the ankle joint of the donor site.Methods: During the research period of our retrospective analysis from January 2015 to July 2019, the single-bundle double-stranded anatomical reconstruction technique was applied under arthroscopy on 32 patients with acute anterior cruciate ligament ruptures (consisting of 22 males and 10 females in the 16–45 (31.1 ± 8.6) age bracket, and among them, 18 cases suffered knee injury on the left limb and the other 14 on the right one) within three weeks of their injury, and the graft for the anterior cruciate ligament (fixed with an Endobutton plate on one end and a screw on the other) was the autologous peroneus longus tendon on the ipsilateral limb. The IKDC score, KOOS score and Lysholm score were used to evaluate the functionality of the affected knee joints and the AOFAS score that of the tendons and ankle joints.Results: All patients were followed up for 1 year (14.5 ± 1.6 months). One case developed postoperative knee joint infection but recovered soon following active treatments, and all the patients turned negative in the postoperative Lachman tests and pivot-shift tests. At the last follow-up, IKDC score, KOOS symptom score, KOOS pain score, KOOS functional life score, KOOS sports entertainment score, KOOS life quality score and Lysholm score were 82.1 ± 13.5, 90.8 ± 15.5, 90.4 ± 5.9, 97.8 ± 4.3, 73.7 ± 26, 83.9 ± 18.1 and 87.3 ± 12.0, respectively, showing marked improvements on and statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) from the preoperative figures. The AOFAS score of the affected ankle joints was 94.7 ± 10.8, signifying a good functional recovery. MRI observation one year later showed that the reconstructed ligament had extended continuously to the position satisfying the requirements of anatomical reduction, and the bone tunnels and tendons had healed well.Conclusion: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a single-bundle of double-stranded peroneus longus tendon can satisfactorily restore the function of an injured knee joint without a significant impact on the donor ankle joint.
Liver Function Following Hepatitis C Virus Eradication by Direct Acting Antivirals in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: Data from The PITER Cohort
Authors: Quaranta Maria Giovanna , Ferrigno Luigina , Tata Xhimi , D'Angelo Franca , Coppola Carmine , Ciancio Alessia , Bruno Serena Rita , Loi Martina , Giorgini Alessia , Margotti Marzia , Cossiga Valentina , Brancaccio Giuseppina , Dallio Marcello , Siena Martina De , Cannizzaro Marco , Cavalletto Luisa , Massari Marco , Mazzitelli Maria , Leo Pasqualina De , Laccabue Diletta , Baiocchi Leonardo , Kondili Loreta
Published: January 2021

Background: The development of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) for HCV has revolutionized the treatment of HCV, including its treatment in patients with HIV coinfection. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in liver function between coinfected and monoinfected patients with cirrhosis who achieved HCV eradication by DAA in the multicenter PITER cohort.Methods: Patients with pre-treatment diagnosis of HCV liver cirrhosis, consecutively enrolled in PITER, who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR12) and with an available follow-up after DAA treatment, were analysed. Liver function was prospectively evaluated as changes in Child-Pugh (C-P) class during patient’s follow-up after the end of DAA treatment. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate factors independently associated with changes in liver function following viral eradication.Results: We evaluated 1350 successfully DAA treated patients with cirrhosis, of whom 1242 HCV monoinfected (median follow-up of 24.7, range 6.8-47.5 months after viral eradication) and 108 (8%) HCV/HIV coinfected (median follow-up of 27.1, range 6-44.6 months after viral eradication). Despite the significant younger age (p<0.001), coinfected patients had higher liver disease severity in terms of C-P class score (p<0.001). Following HCV eradication, C-P class improved in 17/20 coinfected (85%) and in 53/82 (64.6%) monoinfected patients with a pre-treatment C-P class B or C (p>0.05). C-P class worsened in 3/56 coinfected (5.3%) and in 84/1024 (8.2%) monoinfected patients with pre-treatment C-P class A or B (p>0.05). Factors independently associated with C-P class deterioration were male sex (HR=2.01; 95% CI=1.19-3.40), platelet count <100,000/µl (HR=1.88; 95% CI 1.17-3.03) and higher pretreatment INR value (HR=2.34; 95% CI 1.47-3.71). Following viral eradication, in 7 of 15 coinfected (47%) and in 61 of 133 (45.6%) monoinfected patients with previous history of decompensation a new decompensating event occurred. An incident decompensating event was recorded in 4 of 93 (4.3%) coinfected and in 53 of 1109 (4.8%) monoinfected patients. Conclusions: Improvement of liver function is observed following HCV eradication in the majority of patients with cirrhosis; however viral eradication does not always mean cure of liver disease in both monoinfected and coinfected patients with advanced liver disease.
Investigation into microstructure and element segregation of Inconel 713LC during SLM processing using modified cellular automaton model
Authors: Dezfoli Amir Ansari , Lo Yu-Lung , Raza M. Mohsin
Published: January 2021

A numerical and experimental investigation is performed into the feasibility of fabricating IN713LC components using selective laser melting (SLM) through an appropriate control of the solidification speed, microstructure formation and element segregation. A modified Cellular Automaton (CA) model is developed to explore the nucleation, grain growth and element segregation behavior of IN713LC during ultra-fast solidification. It is found that the undesired phase formation which occurs during SLM processing of IN713LC is caused by the micro segregation of Nb, Ti, Mo and C at the grain boundaries. It is further shown that the micro segregation intensity depends on the solidification speed, which is determined in turn by the laser energy density. In particular, a lower laser energy density increases the solidification speed and results in a more uniform solid phase, thereby reducing the risk of crack formation. The simulation results are verified by experimental investigation. The results confirm that a lower laser energy density reduces the crack density and crack length. Finally, a crack-free IN713LC SLM sample is successfully produced by reducing the energy density from 360 to 170 J/m.
Maxwell-Wagner Relaxations in Ca-, Sm- and Nd-doped Ceria
Authors: AHMED RIDA , Wang Shuting , Rehman Sajid ur , Sun Jie , Wang Jin , Si Renjun , Zhu An Kang , Yu Yi , Li Qiuju , Wang Chunchang
Published: January 2021

Doped ceria, i.e. Ce1-xMxO2-d with M being dopant metal, has been a focus of great attention for SOFCs due to its high oxygen conduction. In the past literature, the dielectric relaxations in these materials have been ascribed to be caused by defect associates (MCeʺ-Vö) possessing different MCeʺ and Vö distances. But we believe that with changing measurement and analysis techniques it is necessary to invest our time to re-examine the already reported materials and to again take a detailed investigation of the underlying phenomenon behind their dielectric relaxations. Thus, we have used solid-state reaction to prepare Ce1-xMxO2-δ with M=Ca, Sm, and Nd in x=0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 ratios, respectively. The as-prepared and post annealed samples were tested for dielectric properties from 300-1080 K with varying frequencies. The low-temperature relaxation (R1) was argued to be a Maxwell-Wagner relaxation caused by humidity sensitivity. The high-temperature relaxation (R2) was ascribed to be caused by hopping motion of oxygen vacancies. This fact was also supported by detailed analysis of impedance spectra. While, according to the previous reports this relaxation is because of oxygen-vacancy-dopant defect pair.
Autophagy‐related Long Non-coding RNA Signature Associated with Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Guofei , Shen Jiayi , Yu Zipu , Shen Gang , Liang Chengxiao
Published: January 2021

BackgroundEvidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in various cancers. Here, we developed and evaluated an autophagy-related prognostic lncRNA signature for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). ResultsUsing a publicly available microarray dataset from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profile in a cohort of 439 LUAD patients. The lncRNA-mRNA co-expression network along with univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine 15 autophagy-related lncRNA signatures that were significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Autophagy-related lncRNA signatures stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different survival (hazard ratio = 3.256, 95% confidence interval = 2.858–4.101, P < 0.001). The lncRNA signature was further confirmed in other independent datasets. Moreover, the lncRNA signature had prognostic value independent of routine clinical factors. Functional analysis indicated that autophagy-related lncRNA signatures may be involved in LUAD via known autophagy-related pathways. ConclusionsThis newly identified autophagy-related lncRNA signature is a more powerful prognostic tool than the clinicopathological factors routinely used to predict patient survival, and can provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying LUAD.
Comparative Genome Analysis of Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes and Virulence Factors in Lichen-Associated Variovorax Sp. PAMC28711
Authors: Shrestha Prasansah , Han So-Ra , Lee Jun Hyuck , Park Hyun , Oh Tae-Jin
Published: January 2021

Background: The genus Variovorax sp. PAMC28711 is a cold-adapted microorganism, isolated from Antarctica lichen Himantormia. The complete genomes of six Variovorax species were analyzed and compared along with the strain PAMC28711. The genomic information was collected from NCBI as well as PATRIC databases. Likewise, CAZyme annotation (dbCAN2 Meta server) was performed in order to predict the CAZyme family responsible for trehalose synthesis and trehalose degradation enzymes. The trehalose metabolic pathway was analyzed via the KEGG database. Bioinformatics tools such as OrthoANI software were used to analyze similar genes in different strains under the same genus. Likewise, MEGA X was used for evolutionary and conserved genes.Results: The complete genome of genus V. sp. PAMC28711 was found to comprise CAZyme families GH (10), GT (9), CB (1), AA5 (1), and CE (1). The three trehalose synthetic pathways (OtsA/OtsB, TS, and TreY/TreZ) and trehalose degradation pathway (TreF) were identified only in V. sp. PAMC28711 among the different strains of Variovorax studied, whereas one to two pathways of trehalose biosynthesis, but not trehalose degradation pathways are involved in other Variovorax strains. The strain PAMC28711 comprises of cytoplasmic trehalase (TreF) as a trehalose degrading enzyme that belongs to the CAZyme family GH37, which is not identified in other strains of Variovorax.Conclusions: To date, although the genus V. sp. PAMC28711 has not been reported to exhibit CAZyme activities such as trehalase, and no microorganism expressed different virulence factors, the results based on PATRIC database showed that the strain carried a few virulence genes. Further, this study provides additional information regarding trehalase as one of the factors facilitating bacterial survival under extreme environments and this enzyme has showed potential application in biotechnology fields.
Assessing the Contextual Effect of Community in the Utilization of Postnatal Care Services in Ghana
Authors: Dankwah Emmanuel , Zeng Wu , Feng Cindy , Kirychuck Shelley , Lepnrum Rein , Farag Marwa
Published: January 2021

BackgroundInequalities in the use of postnatal care services (PNC) in Ghana have been linked to poor maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This has ignited a genuine concern that PNC interventions with a focus on influencing solely individual-level risk factors do not achieve the desired results. This study aimed to examine the community-level effect on the utilization of postnatal care services. Specifically, the research explored clusters of non-utilization of PNC services as well as the effect of community-level factors on the utilization of PNC services, with the aim of informing equity-oriented policies and initiatives.MethodsThe 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey GDHS dataset was used in this study. Two statistical methods were used to analyze the data; spatial scan statistics were used to identify hotspots of non-use of PNC services and second two-level mixed logistic regression modeling was used to determine community-level factors associated with PNC services usage. ResultsThis study found non-use of PNC services to be especially concentrated among communities in the Northern region of Ghana. Also, the analyses revealed that community poverty level, as well as community secondary or higher education level, were significantly associated with the utilization of PNC services, independent of individual-level factors. In fact, this study identified that a woman dwelling in a community with a higher concentration of poor women is less likely to utilize of PNC services than those living in communities with a lower concentration of poor women (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.44 - 0.81). Finally, 24.0% of the heterogeneity in PNC services utilization was attributable to unobserved community variability.ConclusionThe findings of this study indicate that community-level factors have an influence on women’s health-seeking behavior. Community-level factors should be taken into consideration for planning and resource allocation purposes to reduce maternal health inequities. Also, high-risk communities of non-use of obstetric services were identified in this study which highlights the need to formulate community-specific strategies that can substantially shift post-natal use in a direction leading to universal coverage.
The Implications of Learning and Development for Teacher Professionalism
Authors: Yunga Deisi
Published: January 2021

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