bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy coupling and stoichiometry of Zn2+/H+ antiport by the prokaryotic cation diffusion facilitator YiiP
Authors: Hussein Adel , Fan Shujie , Lopez-Redondo Maria , Kenney Ian , Zhang Xihui , Beckstein Oliver , Stokes David L
Published: October 2023

YiiP from Shewanella oneidensis is a prokaryotic Zn2+/H+ antiporter that serves as a model for the Cation Diffusion Facilitator (CDF) superfamily, members of which are generally responsible for homeostasis of transition metal ions. Previous studies of YiiP as well as related CDF transporters have established a homodimeric architecture and the presence of three distinct Zn2+ binding sites named A, B, and C. In this study, we use cryo-EM, microscale thermophoresis and molecular dynamics simulations to address the structural and functional roles of individual sites as well as the interplay between Zn2+ binding and protonation. Structural studies indicate that site C in the cytoplasmic domain is primarily responsible for stabilizing the dimer and that site B at the cytoplasmic membrane surface controls the structural transition from an inward facing conformation to an occluded conformation. Binding data show that intramembrane site A, which is directly responsible for transport, has a dramatic pH dependence consistent with coupling to the proton motive force. A comprehensive thermodynamic model encompassing Zn2+ binding and protonation states of individual residues indicates a transport stoichiometry of 1 Zn2+ to 2–3 H+ depending on the external pH. This stoichiometry would be favorable in a physiological context, allowing the cell to use the proton gradient as well as the membrane potential to drive the export of Zn2+.
Homeostatic control of deep sleep and molecular correlates of sleep pressure in Drosophila
Authors: Chowdhury Budhaditya , Abhilash Lakshman , Ortega Antonio , Liu Sha , Shafer Orie
Published: October 2023

Homeostatic control of sleep is typically addressed through mechanical stimulation-induced forced wakefulness and the measurement of subsequent increases in sleep. A major confound attends this approach: biological responses to deprivation may reflect a direct response to the mechanical insult rather than to the loss of sleep. Similar confounds accompany all forms of sleep deprivation and represent a major challenge to the field. Here, we describe a new paradigm for sleep deprivation in Drosophila that fully accounts for sleep-independent effects. Our results reveal that deep sleep states are the primary target of homeostatic control and establish the presence of multi-cycle sleep rebound following deprivation. Furthermore, we establish that specific deprivation of deep sleep states results in state-specific homeostatic rebound. Finally, by accounting for the molecular effects of mechanical stimulation during deprivation experiments, we show that serotonin levels track sleep pressure in the fly’s central brain. Our results illustrate the critical need to control for sleep-independent effects of deprivation when examining the molecular correlates of sleep pressure and call for a critical reassessment of work that has not accounted for such non-specific effects.
Enhancing prediction of tooth caries using significant features and multi-model classifier
Authors: Alsubai Shtwai
Published: October 2023

Background

Tooth decay, also known as dental caries, is a common oral health problem that requires early diagnosis and treatment to prevent further complications. It is a chronic disease that causes the gradual breakdown of the tooth’s hard tissues, primarily due to the interaction of bacteria and dietary sugars.

Results

While numerous investigations have focused on addressing this issue using image-based datasets, the outcomes have revealed limitations in their effectiveness. In a novel approach, this study focuses on feature-based datasets, coupled with the strategic integration of Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Chi-square (chi2) for robust feature engineering. In the proposed model, features are generated using PCA, utilizing a voting classifier ensemble consisting of Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Random Forest (RF), and Extra Trees Classifier (ETC) algorithms.

Discussion

Extensive experiments were conducted to compare the proposed approach with the chi2 features and machine learning models to evaluate its efficacy for tooth caries detection. The results showed that the proposed voting classifier using PCA features outperformed the other approaches, achieving an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 97.36%, 96.14%, 96.84%, and 96.65%, respectively.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that the utilization of feature-based datasets and PCA-based feature engineering, along with a voting classifier ensemble, significantly improves tooth caries detection accuracy compared to image-based approaches. The achieved high accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score emphasize the potential of the proposed model for effective dental caries detection. This study provides new insights into the potential of innovative methodologies to improve dental healthcare by evaluating their effectiveness in addressing prevalent oral health issues.
The impact of core self-evaluation on school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic: the parallel mediation of positive and negative coping styles
Authors: Wang Qinglin , Duan Ruirui , Han Fulei , Huang Beibei , Wang Wei , Wang Qiulin
Published: October 2023

Background

To explore the direct effect of core self-evaluation and the indirect effects of positive and negative coping styles on school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

The Core Self-Evaluation Scale, Simple Coping Style Scale, and School Adaptation Questionnaire were used for the psychometric analysis of 500 high school students (229 males and 271 females) one month after their return to school. The bootstrap method was applied for mediation analysis.

Results

A positive correlation was noted between core self-evaluation and school adaptation (r = 0.56), and the predictive effect was significant (β = 0.43). Core self-evaluation positively predicted positive coping styles, which positively predicted school adaptation, while core self-evaluation negatively predicted negative coping styles, which negatively predicted school adaptation. Positive and negative coping styles played a significant mediating role between core self-evaluation and school adaptation. The mediating effect included the indirect effects generated by two pathways: core self-evaluation → positive coping style → school adaptation (95% CI [0.08–0.19]) and core self-evaluation → negative coping style → school adaptation (95% CI [0.03–0.11]).

Conclusion

There is a positive association between the core self-evaluation and school adaptation of high school students after their return to school during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may directly or indirectly affect the school adaptation of high school students after their return to school through positive or negative coping styles. After returning to school, educators should guide students to view themselves positively, cultivate healthy core self-evaluation, and enable them to have good school adaptation.
Ensaio teórico sobre a teoria da divulgação aplicada ao setor público brasileiro
Authors: Da Silva Mauricio Corrêa , Oliveira Edmilson Jovino de , Celestino Maxwell dos Santos
Published: October 2023

Este ensaio analisa os pressupostos da Teoria da Divulgação (Theory of Disclosure) para serem utilizados como suporte das análises das evidenciações de informações contábeis e fiscais do setor público brasileiro. O estudo foi desenvolvido a partir de análises de situações de informações financeiras das empresas para serem aplicadas no setor público. Destacam com base na Teoria as seguintes formas de interpretar o silêncio, ou seja, para fazer as conclusões de que os demonstrativos contábeis e fiscais não representam o que se propõem: divergências de valores encontradas ao analisar o mesmo demonstrativo em sites diferentes (por exemplo: totais do ativo e passivo divulgados no SICONFI e no Portal de Transparência); divulgação de valores de dívidas flutuantes e fundadas divulgadas em sites que não foram incluídas no Passivo da entidade; distorções de valores evidenciados nas auditorias/análises pelos Tribunais de Contas nas demonstrações contábeis dos entes jurisdicionados. Este ensaio teórico contribui com o avanço da literatura de análises das demonstrações contábeis e fiscais públicas ao apresentar a forma como deve analisar as omissões de informações.
An exploration of the evidence surrounding the identity of the last captive Thylacine
Authors: Linnard Gareth , Sleightholme Stephen R.
Published: October 2023

The last known captive Thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) died at the Beaumaris Zoo on Hobart’s Queen’s Domain on the evening of Monday the 7th September 1936. However, within six months of its death the date of its capture was being inaccurately reported. Over the ensuing years there has been much debate and controversy relating to its source, sex, period of display, welfare, and more recently the fate of its remains. Whilst there has been some agreement, significant confusion has been created by the disparate, fragmentary, and often contradictory sources of evidence, with five distinctly exclusive provenances proposed for this specimen. For a species whose extinction was hastened by anthropogenic interventions, we have a moral obligation to preserve as much factual detail as possible about the Thylacine. To this end, the authors have undertaken a thorough review of the hypotheses advanced by Smith (1981) & Paddle (2000); Guiler (1986) & Bailey (2001); Sleightholme et al., 2020; Linnard et al., 2020 and Paddle & Medlock (2023), and have evaluated each against a synthesis of the evidence accrued over the previous 93 years to examine whether a definitive identification and history of the last known captive Thylacine can be determined. The authors found a sufficiently strong correlation between the evidence and the position advanced by Linnard et al., (2020) to maintain that the last captive Thylacine can be identified as the juvenile male captured at Penney’s Flats on the Arthur River by 19 year old Roy and 59 year old Dan Delphin on the evening of Monday 7th July 1930.
An Analysis on Performance of Mango Production in India
Authors: Balaganesh G.  , Makarabbi Gururaj
Published: October 2023

Horticulture has become major role in Indian agriculture as it contributes 33 per cent towards Gross Value Added (GVA) of agriculture by enhancing farmers’ income and providing rural employment which is a pathway for rural development. Fruits and vegetable crops share major production (nearly 90%) of horticulture in India. Among fruits, Mango is the most important fruit crop in Indian Economy. India is the leader in mango production (20772 thousand MT) during 2021-22, which accounts for more than 40 per cent of global mango production. Hence, the present study analyses the production performance of mango in India based on secondary data from 1991-92 to 2021-22 for area, production and productivity of mango and of major mango producing states in India. The components like trend, growth rate and instability analysis were used in this study. The increasing trend and positive growth rate were noticed in area and production of mango in the nation as a whole which is a good sign. However, productivity had shown declining trend, negative growth rate and higher instability over the years which need to be addressed by high density planting, replacing old orchards having less productivity trees by high yielding mango varieties with high market demand and so on. Hence, there should be more focus on productivity to improve its growth rate and reduce instability which will eventually improve the mango production since area showed high positive growth rate and low instability. The study also identifies the states showing increasing trend, positive growth and low instability in area, production and productivity which is a good sign for mango cultivation. However, states showing declining trend, negative growth rate and high instability in above mentioned parameters which need to be focused and for which researchers deserve deeds.
Application of Substrate Supplements to the Yield Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida)
Authors: Sharma Vivekanand , Dhaked Mukesh Kumar , Singh Sanju , Pandey Akshat , Kumar Mukesh
Published: October 2023

Oyster mushroom is an edible, saprophytic, and lignocellulolytic fungi. The folic acid present in oyster mushrooms helps to cure anemia. Oyster mushroom contains most of the mineral salts necessary for the human body. The amount of niacin is almost ten times higher than that of any other vegetables.

In this study, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus var. florida (Jacq: Fr) Kummer) were grown with various substrate additions to determine their effects on yield. We ran tests to know different supplements affected the yield and growth of mushrooms. The substrate, composed primarily of sawdust and straw, served as the growth medium. The research encompassed controlled environmental conditions, including temperature, humidity, and light, over a defined study period. Our findings revealed significant variations in mushroom yield and growth parameters across the different supplement treatments. The best supplements to the substrate treatment combination were observed T14- Wheat Straw (60%), + Rice Straw (34 %) + Gram Flour (2% of the substrate) (451.69g) and (452.33g) followed by T11 – Rice Straw (60%), + Wheat Straw (34 %) + Maize Flour (2% of the substrate) which increased the yield of oyster mushroom, while others exhibited nuanced effects on mushroom quality. Statistical analyses supported these observations. The implications of this research extend to both commercial and amateur mushroom cultivators. Understanding the influence of substrate supplements on Oyster mushroom growth can lead to more efficient and cost-effective cultivation practices. By optimizing substrate composition, growers can enhance yields, potentially increasing profitability and sustainability in the mushroom industry. This study also highlights the need for further exploration in the field, including investigations into the specific mechanisms underlying supplement-substrate interactions.
SMS Spam Detection and Classification to Combat Abuse in Telephone Networks Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Oyeyemi Dare Azeez , Ojo Adebola K.
Published: October 2023

In the modern era, mobile phones have become ubiquitous, and Short Message Service (SMS) has grown to become a multi-million-dollar service due to the widespread adoption of mobile devices and the millions of people who use SMS daily. However, SMS spam has also become a pervasive problem that endangers users' privacy and security through phishing and fraud. Despite numerous spam filtering techniques, there is still a need for a more effective solution to address this problem [1]. This research addresses the pervasive issue of SMS spam, which poses threats to users' privacy and security. Despite existing spam filtering techniques, the high false-positive rate persists as a challenge. The study introduces a novel approach utilizing Natural Language Processing (NLP) and machine learning models, particularly BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers), for SMS spam detection and classification. Data preprocessing techniques, such as stop word removal and tokenization, are applied, along with feature extraction using BERT.

Machine learning models, including SVM, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Gradient Boosting, and Random Forest, are integrated with BERT for differentiating spam from ham messages. Evaluation results revealed that the Naïve Bayes classifier + BERT model achieves the highest accuracy at 97.31% with the fastest execution time of 0.3 seconds on the test dataset. This approach demonstrates a notable enhancement in spam detection efficiency and a low false-positive rate.

The developed model presents a valuable solution to combat SMS spam, ensuring faster and more accurate detection. This model not only safeguards users' privacy but also assists network providers in effectively identifying and blocking SMS spam messages.
Solar-wind-power Hybrid Power Generation System
Authors: Khan Shaikhul Arefin , Chowdhury Md. Mokarram Hossain , Nandy Uthso
Published: October 2023

In comparison to traditional power generation techniques, renewable energy is reliable as well as efficient, clean, and environmentally friendly. Switching to renewable energy sources is the only way to alleviate the resource shortages that the world is now experiencing, particularly the lack of fuel resources. More and more people are turning to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. The project's goal is to utilize the programming language MATLAB/Simulink to design a hybrid power producing system that is connected to the grid and uses both solar and wind energy. The geography, solar irradiance, daylight hours, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction were all considered during the model's creation. The grid-connected hybrid model includes photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracker (P&O), a boost converter, an inverter, a wind turbine, and a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). In addition, the hybrid system is what powers the grid. The output is measured under a range of irradiance and temperature conditions. To examine the hybrid model, simulations are done in MATLAB.
What Parents Should Know About Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Prasad Aparna , Thompson Jennifer L. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of allergic rhinitis in children.
Remote neurodegeneration in the lumbosacral cord one month after spinal cord injury: a cross‐sectional MRI study
Authors: Büeler Silvan , Anderson Collene E. , Birkhäuser Veronika , Freund Patrick , Gross Oliver , Kessler Thomas M. , Kündig Christian W. , Leitner Lorenz , Mahnoor Nomah , Mehnert Ulrich , Röthlisberger Raphael , Stalder Stephanie A. , van der Lely Stéphanie , Zipser Carl M. , David Gergely , Liechti Martina D.
Published: January 2025

Objective

To characterize structural integrity of the lumbosacral enlargement and conus medullaris within one month after spinal cord injury (SCI).

Methods

Lumbosacral cord MRI data were acquired in patients with sudden onset (<7 days) SCI at the cervical or thoracic level approximately one month after injury and in healthy controls. Tissue integrity and loss were evaluated through diffusion tensor (DTI) and T2*‐weighted imaging (cross‐sectional area [CSA] measurements). Associations with the degree of neurological impairment were assessed using linear mixed‐effects models.

Results

Twenty‐one patients with SCI showed lower white matter (WM) fractional anisotropy (FA) (≤−13.3%) and higher WM radial diffusivity (≤14.6%) compared to 27 healthy controls. Differences were most pronounced in the lateral columns of WM. CSA measurements revealed no group differences. For the lateral columns, lower FA values were associated with lower motor scores and lower amplitudes of motor evoked potentials. For the dorsal columns, lower FA values were associated with lower amplitudes of somatosensory evoked potentials from the lower extremities.

Interpretation

One month after SCI, first signs of WM degeneration were apparent, without indication of tissue loss. The more pronounced differences observed in the lateral column could be attributed to anterograde degeneration of the motor tracts. The variability among DTI measurements remote from the lesion site can be partially explained by the degree of the SCI‐induced neurological impairment. Together with previous studies, our findings indicate that impaired tissue integrity precedes tissue loss. The presented techniques have potential applications in monitoring the progression of various neurological diseases.
Ultrahigh Tensile Ductility of Ag2Te Nanowire at Room Temperature
Authors: Wu Luoqi , Lu Zhongtao , Feng Xiaobin , Duan Bo , Wang Hongtao , Li Wenjuan , Zhai Pengcheng , Li Guodong , Zhang Qingjie
Published: January 2025

Tensile ductility is one of the key concerns in the field of flexible devices. Ag2Te is a promising flexible thermoelectric (TE) material due to its high TE properties and compressive ductility, but low tensile ductility blocks its flexible application. In this work, a low‐dimensional strategy is adopted to find that Ag2Te nanowires exhibit an exceptional tensile fracture strain of 75.7% at room temperature, several times higher than other ceramic and semiconductor nanowires, and even comparable to some metals. By in situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the tensile ductile mechanism has been successfully revealed. First, the emissions of partial dislocations from the surface lead to the slipping band along (100) plane, which is attributed to the atomic rearrangement along (100) plane. Then, the surface steps occur, and deformation twinning forms along (001) plane at the slip region, which inhibits the crack initiation. Finally, Ag particles precipitate around the slip region and then form Ag nanobridges to further resist the external deformation, achieving extraordinary tensile ductility. This work provides some insights into the mechanical behaviors of Ag2Te at the nanoscales, which is beneficial for the development of reliable micro‐devices.
Advances in Electrochemical Nitrite Reduction toward Nitric Oxide Synthesis for Biomedical Applications
Authors: He Xun , Zou Chang , Zhang Limei , Wu Peilin , Yao Yongchao , Dong Kai , Ren Yuchun , Hu Wenchuang (Walter) , Li Yi , Luo Han , Ying Binwu , Luo Fengming , Sun Xuping
Published: January 2025

Nitric oxide (NO) is an essential molecule in biomedicine, recognized for its antibacterial properties, neuronal modulation, and use in inhalation therapies. The effectiveness of NO‐based treatments relies on precise control of NO concentrations tailored to specific therapeutic needs. Electrochemical generation of NO (E‐NOgen) via nitrite (NO2–) reduction offers a scalable and efficient route for controlled NO production, while also addressing environmental concerns by reducing NO2– pollution and maintaining nitrogen cycle balance. Recent developments in catalysts and E‐NOgen devices have propelled NO2– conversion, enabling on‐demand NO production. This review provides an overview of NO2− reduction pathways, with a focus on cutting‐edge Fe/Cu‐based E‐NOgen catalysts, and explores the development of E‐NOgen devices for biomedical use. Challenges and future directions for advancing E‐NOgen technologies are also discussed.
A OHCs‐Targeted Strategy for PEDF Delivery in Noise‐Induced Hearing Loss
Authors: Zhao Zeqi , Han Zhengzhong , Shao Yudi , Naveena Konduru , Yuan Jintao , Zhou Nan , Wang Caiji , Li Xuanyi , Shi Xi , Jin Dan , Xu Bing , Dong Fuxing , Liu Zhiwei , Li Wei , Liu Hongmei , Qiao Yuehua
Published: January 2025

Noise‐induced hearing loss (NIHL) results from prolonged exposure to intense noise, causing damage to sensory outer hair cells (OHCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). The blood labyrinth barrier (BLB) hinders systemic drug delivery to the inner ear. This study applied a retro‐auricular round window membrane (RWM) method to bypass the BLB, enabling the transport of macromolecular proteins into the inner ear. Pigment epithelium‐derived factor (PEDF), which has anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, is conjugated to a prestin‐targeting peptide 2 (PrTP2) using N‐succinimidyl‐3‐maleimidopropionate (SMP) to form PrTP2‐SMP/PEDF. This compound specifically targeted Prestin and accumulated around OHCs for sustained release, effectively reducing OHC and SGN loss. Functional and structural tests, including auditory brainstem response (ABR), confocal microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed significant hearing restoration and cellular protection. Additionally, the results of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining and immunoblotting show that noise exposure may induce pyroptosis in the cochlea by activating the NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)‐apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC) – cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase‐1) pathway and PrTP2‐SMP/PEDF alleviates the inflammatory response by inhibiting pyroptosis. Toxicity analysis indicates no adverse effects, suggesting that PrTP2‐SMP/PEDF has a promising therapeutic prospective for NIHL.
From X‐ To J‐Aggregation: Subtly Managing Intermolecular Interactions for Superior Phototheranostics with Precise 1064 nm Excitation
Authors: Tang Jun , Si Leilei , Wang Yigang , Xia Guomin , Wang Hongming
Published: January 2025

The stacking mode in aggregate state results from a delicate balance of supramolecular interactions, which closely affects the optoelectronic properties of organic π‐conjugated systems. Then, managing these interactions is crucial for advancing phototheranostics, yet remains challenging. A subtle strategy involving peripheral phenyl groups is debuted herein to transform X‐aggregated SQ‐H into J‐aggregated SQ‐Ph, reorienting intermolecular dipole interactions while rationally modulating π–π interactions. Co‐assembled with liposomes (DSPE‐PEG2000), SQ‐Ph nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit low toxicity, superior biocompatibility, and a bathochromic shift to the 1064 nm match‐excited NIR‐II region, with a fluorescence brightness (ε1064 nm ΦNIR‐II) of 4129 M−1 cm−1 and a photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of 48.3%. Preliminary in vivo experiments demonstrate that SQ‐Ph NPs achieve a signal‐to‐background ratio (SBR) of up to 14.29 in NIR‐II fluorescence imaging (FLI), enabling highly efficient photothermal therapy (PTT) of tumors guided by combined photoacoustic imaging (PAI). This study not only enriches the J‐aggregation library but also provides a paradigm for optimizing photosensitizers at the supramolecular level.
Stretchable Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Lasers with Optical Stability Based on Small‐Strain Nonlinear 3D Asymmetric Deformation
Authors: Chen Yanqing , Zheng Chenglin , Yang Wenjie , Li Jing , Jin Feng , Zhang Wei , Sun Wentao , Wang Pingli , Li Laifeng , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2025

Blue phase liquid crystal (BPLC) lasers exhibit exceptional optical quality and tunability to external stimuli, holding significant promise for innovative developments in the field of flexible optoelectronics. However, there remain challenges for BPLC elastomer (BPLCE) lasers in maintaining good optical stability during stretching and varying temperature conditions. In this work, a stretchable laser is developed based on a well‐designed BPLCE with a combination of partially and fully crosslinked networks, which can output a single‐peak laser under small deformation (44.429 nm lasing shift at 32% strain) and a broad‐temperature range (from −20 to 100 °C). The superior performance can be attributed to the nonlinear 3D asymmetric deformation exhibited by the BPI lattice during stretching, particularly at low deformation rates below 40% strain, which effectively maintains the stability of the body‐centered cubic structure (with the maximum strain of this BPLCE up to 220%). Moreover, the BPLCE exhibits excellent thermal stability over a temperature range from −180 to 70 °C with a stopband shift of less than ±10 nm. As a proof‐of‐concept, the application of BPLCE laser for morphology sensing and 3D mechanical perception is demonstrated, which paves the way for potential applications of flexible optoelectronics.
Local Structure Distortion in Mn, Zn Doped Cu₂V₂O₇: Supercapacitor Performance and Emergent Spin‐Phonon Coupling
Authors: Das Ashok , Banerjee Aritra , Tayal Akhil , Ali Mir Sahanur , Layek Rashbihari , Karmakar Srikanta , Sinha Pritam , Kumbhakar Pathik , Chattopadhyay Dipankar , Bandyopadhyay Sudipta
Published: January 2025

Supercapacitors are rapidly gaining attention as next‐generation energy storage devices due to their superior power and energy densities. This study pioneers the investigation of Mn/Zn co‐doping in α‐Cu₂V₂O₇ (CVO) to enhance its performance as a supercapacitor electrode material. Structural and local Structural properties of Mn/Zn co‐doped CVO have been investigated through X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), revealing significant distortions that enhance supercapacitor performance. The optimized sample demonstrates a remarkable specific capacitance of 1950.95 Fg−1, energy density of 97.54 Whkg−1, and enhanced capacitive retention, attributed to the unique Cu coordination environment and improved charge transfer kinetics. Temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy unveils spin‐phonon coupling (SPC), particularly in VO₄ stretching modes, supported by magnetic measurements that shows a reduction in the Néel temperature and the emergence of zero field‐cooled (ZFC) exchange bias (EB). This work is the first to report the impact of local structure distortion on both supercapacitor performance and SPC in CVO, offering a novel strategy for developing high‐performance energy storage materials with spintronics potential. In addition, the assembled symmetric optimized supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 93.32 Whkg−1 and excellent cycling stability. A prototype device incorporating the optimized CVO successfully powers eight commercial LED bulbs, demonstrating its practical application potential.
Surface Template Realizing Oriented Perovskites for Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Jing , Su Zhen‐Huang , Song Bin , Wang Kai‐Li , Lv Qiang , Chen Chun‐Hao , Xia Yu , Huang Lei , Wang Zhao‐Kui
Published: January 2025

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) perovskite films, ensuring optically active phase purity with uniform crystal orientation, are ideal for photovoltaic applications. However, the optically active α‐FAPbI3 phase is easy to degrade into δ‐phase due to numerous defects within randomly oriented films. Here, a “quasi‐2D” perovskite template is pre‐deposited on the film surface within the crystallization process based on the two‐step preparation technology, which directly induced pure and highly orientated crystallization of α‐FAPbI3 across the downward growth process. Furthermore, the enlarged interaction between 2D components with colloidal properties and lead iodide delayed the crystallization process effectively, yielding high crystallinity with low trap state density. The resulting perovskite photovoltaic devices exhibited a champion efficiency as high as 25.79% with comprehensively improved device stability. This work provides new insights into the utilization of 2D components and the formation mechanism behind 2D perovskites.
High Entropy Fine‐Tuning Achieves Fast Li+ Kinetics in High‐Performance Co‐Free High‐Ni Layered Cathodes
Authors: Liu Yang , Xin Yan , He Bijiao , Zhang Fang , Wang Chen , Tian Huajun
Published: January 2025

Co‐free high‐Ni layered cathode materials LiNixMeyO2 (Me = Mn, Mg, Al, etc.) are a key part of the next‐generation high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity and low cost. However, the hindered Li+ kinetics and the high reactivity of Ni4+ result in poor rate performance and unsatisfied cycling stability. This work designs a promising strategy for designing a high‐performance high‐entropy doping Co‐free high‐Ni layered cathode LiNi0.9Mn0.03Mg0.02Ta0.02Mo0.02Na0.01O2 (HE‐Ni90‐1.557) by elemental screening and compositional fine‐tuning. Compositional fine‐tuning optimizes the synergistic relationship between the high‐entropy dopant elements, thereby significantly suppresses the kinetic hysteresis induced by Li+/Ni2+ mixing. The pillar effect significantly enhances the diffusion kinetics of Li+ at the high state of charge (SOC). Meanwhile, the high‐entropy fine‐tuning significantly postpones the H2‐H3 phase transition and reduces the dissolution of transition metals and the loss of lattice oxygen in the cathodes. Consequently, the diffusion kinetics of Li+ at the atomic and electrode particle scales are significantly enhanced. The HE‐Ni90‐1.557 cathode exhibits an initial capacity of 225.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and a full cell with a high capacity retention of 83.1% after 1500 cycles at 3C. This work provides a promising avenue for commercializing Co‐free high‐Ni cathodes for next‐generation LIBs.
Cation‐Vacancy Engineering in Cobalt Selenide Boosts Electrocatalytic Upcycling of Polyester Thermoplastics at Industrial‐Level Current Density
Authors: Qi Jun , Xia Yongming , Meng Xiangtong , Li Jiachun , Yang Shilin , Zou Hongqi , Ma Yangjun , Zhang Yong , Du Yadong , Zhang Lipeng , Lin Zhiqun , Qiu Jieshan
Published: January 2025

The past decades have witnessed the increasing accumulation of plastics, posing a daunting environmental crisis. Among various solutions, converting plastics into value‐added products presents a significant endeavor. Here, an electrocatalytic upcycling route that efficiently converts waste poly(butylene terephthalate) plastics into high‐value succinic acid with high Faradaic efficiency of 94.0% over cation vacancies‐rich cobalt selenide catalyst is reported, showcasing unprecedented activity (1.477 V vs. RHE) to achieve an industrial‐level current density of 1.5 A cm−2, and featuring a robust operating durability (≈170 h). In particular, when combining butane‐1,4‐diol monomer oxidation (BOR) with hydrogen evolution using the cation vacancy‐engineered cobalt selenide as bifunctional catalyst, a relatively low cell voltage of 1.681 V is required to reach 400 mA cm−2, manifesting an energy‐saving efficiency of ≈15% compared to pure water splitting. The mechanism and reaction pathways of BOR over the vacancies‐rich catalyst are first revealed through theoretical calculations and in‐situ spectroscopic investigations. The generality of this catalyst is evidenced by its powerful electrocatalytic activity to other polyester thermoplastics such as poly(butylene succinate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate). These electrocatalytic upcycling strategies can be coupled with the reduction of small molecules (e.g., H2O, CO2, and NO3−), shedding light on energy‐saving production of value‐added chemicals.
Multi‐Fiber Blended Needle‐Punched Nonwoven With Oleophilic and Self‐Cleaning Properties for Oil Spill Cleanup
Authors: Yesuf Hanur Meku , Aweke Merem Hassen , Islam Syed Rashedul , Zhang Xueping , Qin Xiaohong
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the self‐cleaning, oleophilic, and oil spill clean‐up properties of multi‐fiber blended needle‐punc lf‐cleaning performance of the nonwoven fabrics is influenced by the fiber composition. All samples with a low overall surface energy of 27.65–33.46 mN m−1, especially those with a reduced polar component, demonstrate superior oil sorption of 13.83–19.45 g g−1 and retention capabilities of 91.11–98.83%. Oil‐to‐water selectivity of 13.66–42.60 and oil removal efficiency of 93.18–97.71% are achieved. The initial oil recovery rate (desorption) during the first desorption cycle (D1) ranges from 78.28% to 79.88%. This recovery rate remains consistently high, between 97.38% and 99.86%, throughout the second to tenth desorption cycles (D2 to D10) for all samples. The findings demonstrate that the blending of multi‐fibers and web arrangement play a critical role in enhancing oil sorption and retention, oil selectivity, oil removal efficiency, reusability and self‐cleaning with statistically significant performance (p < 0.05).
Pt‐Based 3D Electrocatalyst with Process‐Friendly Features for PEMFCs Possessing Fast Activation and Improved Mass‐Transfer Properties
Authors: Pandikassala Ajmal , Nadumattuvayil Varsha , Singh Mayank U. , Jadhav Swapnil D. , Yoyakki Athira , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: January 2025

Polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) face the challenges like slow oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics and limited mass transport at high current densities, which affects their performance. The efficient water removal from the cathode is essential to improve oxygen diffusion. Addressing this, a catalyst is presented with platinum (Pt) nanoparticles distributed within a 3D carbon network (Pt/3DPDC) derived from the polydopamine‐coated melamine foam. This unique architecture enhances Pt utilization and water management due to its high porosity and ample free spaces, providing a process‐friendly feature for the electrode under PEMFC conditions. The pores and accessible texture of the 3D polydopamine derived carbon (3DPDC) framework facilitate ionomer uptake during the electrode fabrication, extending the active triple‐phase boundary and improving the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance. The high porosity of Pt/3DPDC is mitigated by adding a small amount of commercial fuel cell catalayst (Pt/C), which maintains the effective catalyst number density per unit area by utilizing the excess porosity of the 3DPDC framework. This controlled interplay of the unique catalyst structure and spatially confined distribution of Pt/C within the Pt/3DPDC framework offers fast activation, reduced electrode flooding, and improved current densities across the operating potential window. This carefully engineered catalyst, designed through bottom‐up strategies, is a promising electrocatalyst for practical PEMFC applications.
Pharmacological Dissection Identifies Retatrutide Overcomes the Therapeutic Barrier of Obese TNBC Treatments through Suppressing the Interplay between Glycosylation and Ubiquitylation of YAP
Authors: Cui Xin , Zhu Yueming , Zeng Lidan , Zhang Mengyuan , Uddin Amad , Gillespie Theresa W. , McCullough Lauren E. , Zhao Shaying , Torres Mylin A. , Wan Yong
Published: January 2025

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) in obese patients remains challenging. Recent studies have linked obesity to an increased risk of TNBC and malignancies. Through multiomic analysis and experimental validation, a dysfunctional Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 3 Subunit H (EIF3H)/Yes‐associated protein (YAP) proteolytic axis is identified as a pivotal junction mediating the interplay between cancer‐associated adipocytes and the response to anti‐cancer drugs in TNBC. Mechanistically, cancer‐associated adipocytes drive metabolic reprogramming resulting in an upregulated hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This aberrant upregulation of HBP promotes YAP O‐GlcNAcylation and the subsequent recruitment of EIF3H deubiquitinase, which stabilizes YAP, thus promoting tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance. It is found that Retatrutide, an anti‐obesity agent, inhibits HBP and YAP O‐GlcNAcylation leading to increased YAP degradation through the deprivation of EIF3H‐mediated deubiquitylation of YAP. In preclinical models of obese TNBC, Retatrutide downregulates HBP, decreases YAP protein levels, and consequently decreases tumor size and enhances chemotherapy efficacy. This effect is particularly pronounced in obese mice bearing TNBC tumors. Overall, these findings reveal a critical interplay between adipocyte‐mediated metabolic reprogramming and EIF3H‐mediated YAP proteolytic control, offering promising therapeutic strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of obesity on TNBC progression.
Endothelial TRIM35‐Regulated MMP10 Release Exacerbates Calcification of Vascular Grafts
Authors: Leng Yiming , Wang Wei , Lu Jun , Chen Jingyuan , Chen Xuliang , Li Yalan , Wang Jie , Liu Yuanyuan , Tan Qian , Yang Wenjing , Jiang Youxiang , Huang Peiyuan , Cai Jingjing , Yuan Hong , Weng Liang , Xu Qingbo , Lu Yao
Published: January 2025

Vascular calcification is a highly regulated process in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is strongly correlated with morbidity and mortality, especially in the adverse stage of vascular remodeling after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). However, the pathogenesis of vascular graft calcification, particularly the role of endothelial‐smooth muscle cell interaction, is still unclear. To test how ECs interact with SMCs in artery grafts, single‐cell analysis of wild‐type mice is first performed using an arterial isograft mouse model and found robust cytokine‐mediated signaling pathway activation and SMC proliferation, together with upregulated endothelial tripartite motif 35 (TRIM35) expression. Unexpectedly, severe SMC calcification in artery grafts is found in TRIM35 conditional endothelial knockout (cKO) mice. Calcified medium (comprising calcium chloride and beta‐glycerophosphate)‐induced calcium deposition in vitro is also found in SMCs cocultured with TRIM35 knockout endothelium. This extraordinary phenomenon is further confirmed to be induced by increased MMP10 secretion. Mechanistically, endothelial TRIM35 inhibits MMP10 expression and secretion by promoting K63‐linked ubiquitination of RelB and maintaining its nuclear localization, consequently inhibiting nuclear transcription of MMP10 through the noncanonical NF‐κB signaling pathway. Targeting MMP10 in situ in arterial isografts can effectively alleviate vascular calcification caused by conditional endothelial TRIM35 knockout. These findings demonstrated that TRIM35 inhibited vascular calcification during arterial isograft remodeling, a process that is driven by the aberrant secretion of endothelial MMP10. Targeting MMP10 pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification in vessel grafts.
High‐Viability Circulating Tumor Cells Sorting From Whole Blood at Single Cell Level Using Laser‐Induced Forward Transfer‐Assisted Microfiltration
Authors: Xu Qingmei , Wang Yuntong , Dou Songtao , Xu Yang , Xu Zhenhe , Xu Han , Zhang Yi , Xia Yanming , Xue Ying , Li Hang , Ma Xiao , Zhang Kunlong , Wang Huan , Ma Fengzhou , Wang Qi , Li Bei , Wang Wei
Published: January 2025

The efficient isolation and molecular analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from whole blood at single‐cell level are crucial for understanding tumor metastasis and developing personalized treatments. The viability of isolated cells is the key prerequisite for the downstream molecular analysis, especially for RNA sequencing. This study develops a laser‐induced forward transfer ‐assisted microfiltration system (LIFT‐AMFS) for high‐viability CTC enrichment and retrieval from whole blood. The LIFT‐compatible double‐stepped microfilter (DSMF), central to this system, comprises two micropore layers: the lower layer's smaller micropores facilitate size‐based cell separation, and the upper layer's larger micropores enable liquid encapsulating captured cells. By optimizing the design of the DSMFs, the system has a capture efficiency of 88% at the processing throughput of up to 15.0 mL min−1 during the microfilter‐based size screening stage, with a single‐cell yield of over 95% during the retrieval stage. The retrieved single cells, with high viability, are qualified for ex vivo culture and direct RNA sequencing. The cDNA yield from isolated CTCs surpassed 4.5 ng, sufficient for library construction. All single‐cell sequencing data exhibited Q30 scores above 95.92%. The LIFT‐AMFS shows promise in cellular and biomedical research.
A Temperature‐Adapted Ultraweakly Solvating Electrolyte for Cold‐Resistant Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Yuewei , Ni Youxuan , Wang Yuankun , Wang Linyue , Yang Wenxuan , Wu Shuang , Xie Weiwei , Zhang Kai , Yan Zhenhua , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

Sodium‐ion batteries are applied to cold‐resistant energy storage hindered by phase transitions and sluggish Na+ migration of traditional carbonate‐based electrolytes at low temperatures. The desolvation of Na+ is a crucial step in impeding the transport of Na+, which primarily attributes to the robust solvent coordination of Na+. Herein, a low‐temperature adaptive electrolyte with an ultraweakly coordinated 1,3‐dioxolane (DOL) is designed for constructing anion‐rich solvation structure in a diglyme (G2)‐based electrolyte. The electronegativity of the oxygen atoms of G2 is attenuated by dipole‐dipole interaction between DOL and G2. As the temperature drops, the weakened Na+‒O (G2) interaction leads to increased anionic coordination and less solvent coordination, facilitating the desolvation of Na+. This anionic‐enhanced solvation structure contributes to the formation of stable solid electrolyte interface at the hard carbon (HC) anode, which accelerates Na+ transport and diminishing the voltage polarization at low temperatures. Consequently, the HC anode can retain a high capacity of 203.9 mAh g‒1 (1 C) at ‒50 °C, and the pouch cell composed of HC||Na3V2(PO4)3 at ‒30 °C achieves a capacity retention of 92.43% after 100 cycles at 0.1 C. This strategy guides the design of ultra‐low temperature electrolytes and broadens the range of applications for sodium‐ion batteries.
Organic Molecule Vapor‐Assisted Passivation for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Ji Hongpei , Zhang Bingqian , Zhao Qiangqiang , Gao Kun , Zhang Xiaoxu , Yang Chunpeng , Tang Jianguo , Mao Sui , Pang Shuping
Published: January 2025

Effective suppression of non‐radiative recombination caused by surface defects in perovskite is crucial for achieving high‐efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, conventional passivators such as organic amine salts are prone to deprotonation to amines and rapid reaction with formamidine, leading to device degradation. Meanwhile, the solvent processing of the organic amine salts can also decompose the surface of the perovskite layer due to the dissolution of the organic amine salts. In this work, an organic small molecule, 2‐Thiophenacetamide (TAM), features multiple active sites is presented. TAM demonstrates the ability to passivate perovskite thin films through sublimation deposition. It is demonstrated that this solvent‐free method and the effect of thiophene and the carbonyl group efficiently passivate the uncoordinated Pb2+, while the amino group aids in stabilizing perovskite structures by forming hydrogen bonds with iodide ions. As a result, the TAM vapor treatment device demonstrates an enhanced efficiency of 25.33%, and the operational stability is maintained at 95% of the original efficiency after continuous operation for over 1000 h. Additionally, perovskite submodules with an active area of 14 cm2 are successfully assembled with a efficiency of up to 22.17%.
A Near‐Single‐Ion Conducting Protective Layer for Dendrite‐Free Zinc Metal Anodes
Authors: Jeon Hyeong Gyu , Heo Seong‐Wook , Song Juhyun , Kim Chanhoon
Published: January 2025

The instability of zinc metal anodes, including dendrite formation and corrosion, limits their application in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs). Here, a near‐single zinc‐ion conducting (NSIC) protective layer that enables dendrite‐free Zn anodes by integrating Zn2⁺‐conducting polymer matrices with counter‐anion trapping agents is presented. Sulfonic acid groups, covalently bonded to polymeric backbones enhance Zn2⁺ ion mobility while counter‐anions are immobilized by amine‐functionalized metal‐organic frameworks embedded within the polymer layer. This synergistic combination enables near single zinc ion transport (tZn2⁺ = 0.91). The NSIC layer extends sand's time and promotes uniform Zn deposition along the (002) orientation, preventing dendrite formation. Consequently, full cells with thin Zn@NSIC anodes (14 µm) exhibit stable cycling performance over 5000 cycles at 5 A g⁻¹, with a low negative‐to‐positive areal capacity (NP) ratio of 3.3 and a Zn depth of discharge exceeding 30%. Furthermore, the NSIC layer is also adapted for enlarged Zn anodes (80 cm2) in large‐sized full cells, delivering stable operation with a capacity of ≈300 mAh at 1 A g⁻¹. These results offer valuable insights into ion transport control within protective layers, advancing the development of practical AZIBs with high anode reversibility.