bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of right ventriculography compared with computed tomography for ruling out the possibility of lead perforation before lead extraction
Authors: Asada Saori , Nishii Nobuhiro , Shinya Takayoshi , Miyoshi Akihito , Morimoto Yoshimasa , Miyamoto Masakazu , Nakagawa Koji , Nakamura Kazufumi , Morita Hiroshi , Ito Hiroshi
Published: March 2021

Purpose

High-risk patients can be identified by preprocedural computed tomography (CT) before lead extraction. However, CT evaluation may be difficult especially for lead tip identification due to artifacts in the leads. Selective right ventriculography (RVG) may enable preprocedural evaluation of lead perforation. We investigated the efficacy of RVG for identifying right ventricular (RV) lead perforation compared with CT in patients who underwent lead extraction.

Methods

Ninety-five consecutive patients who were examined by thin-section non-ECG-gated multidetector CT and RVG before lead extraction were investigated retrospectively. Newly recognized pericardial effusion after lead extraction was used as a reference standard for lead perforation. We analyzed the prevalence of RV lead perforation diagnosed by each method. The difference in the detection rates of lead perforation by RVG and CT was evaluated.

Results

Of the 115 RV leads in the 95 patients, lead perforation was diagnosed for 35 leads using CT, but the leads for 29 (83%) of those 35 leads diagnosed as lead perforation by CT were shown to be within the right ventricle by RVG. Three patients with 5 leads could not be evaluated by CT due to motion artifacts. The diagnostic accuracies of RVG and CT were significantly different (p < 0.001). There was no complication of pericardial effusion caused by RV lead extraction.

Conclusion

RVG for identification of RV lead perforation leads to fewer false-positives compared to non-ECG-gated CT. However, even in cases in which lead perforation is diagnosed, most leads may be safely extracted by transvenous lead extraction.
Estimating force of infection from serologic surveys with imperfect tests
Authors: Alexander Neal , Carabali Mabel , Lim Jacqueline K.
Published: March 2021

Background

The force of infection, or the rate at which susceptible individuals become infected, is an important public health measure for assessing the extent of outbreaks and the impact of control programs.

Methods and findings

We present Bayesian methods for estimating force of infection using serological surveys of infections which produce a lasting immune response, accounting for imperfections of the test, and uncertainty in such imperfections. In this estimation, the sensitivity and specificity can either be fixed, or belief distributions of their values can be elicited to allow for uncertainty. We analyse data from two published serological studies of dengue, one in Colombo, Sri Lanka, with a single survey and one in Medellin, Colombia, with repeated surveys in the same individuals. For the Colombo study, we illustrate how the inferred force of infection increases as the sensitivity decreases, and the reverse for specificity. When 100% sensitivity and specificity are assumed, the results are very similar to those from a standard analysis with binomial regression. For the Medellin study, the elicited distribution for sensitivity had a lower mean and higher variance than the one for specificity. Consequently, taking uncertainty in sensitivity into account resulted in a wide credible interval for the force of infection.

Conclusions

These methods can make more realistic estimates of force of infection, and help inform the choice of serological tests for future serosurveys.
Impact of the mixed degree of urban functions on the taxi travel demand
Authors: Yuan Changwei , Duan Yaxin , Mao Xinhua , Ma Ningyuan , Zhao Jiannan
Published: March 2021

As an important service industry in cities, taxis provide people with an all-weather travel mode. And its demand is greatly affected by the internal functions of the city. It is very important to understand the relationship between the mixed degree of urban internal functions and the residents’ taxi travel demand to alleviate traffic congestion and formulate corresponding urban traffic strategies. This paper combined two heterogeneous data in the main urban area of Xi’an, urban points of interest (POIs) and taxi GPS. Firstly, a spatial information entropy model was constructed to quantitatively evaluate the mixed degree of functions in different spaces within the city. Secondly, the kernel density estimation method was used to analyze the spatial distribution evolution characteristics of residents’ taxi travel demand. A geographically weighted regression (GWR) model was further used to study the spatial and temporal influences of the mixed degree of urban internal functions on taxi travel demand. Results indicate that there is an obvious spatiotemporal pattern in the impact of the mixed degree of urban functions on taxi travel demand. And the GWR model is used to study the impact is superior to the ordinary least squares (OLS). In more developed areas, improving the mixed degree of urban functions will be more attractive than backward areas. It is also found that although the single function of the city has an impact on the taxi travel demand, the result of the single function is not ideal. This study can provide a reference for the optimal combination of basic units of urban space in urban planning, promote the balance of supply and demand of urban taxis, rationalize urban taxis’ operation and allocation, and solve the problems of urban transportation systems.
Network dynamics of momentary affect states and future course of psychopathology in adolescents
Authors: Kuranova Anna , Wigman Johanna T. W. , Menne-Lothmann Claudia , Decoster Jeroen , van Winkel Ruud , Delespaul Philippe , Drukker Marjan , de Hert Marc , Derom Catherine , Thiery Evert , Rutten Bart P. F. , Jacobs Nele , van Os Jim , Oldehinkel Albertine J. , Booij Sanne H. , Wichers Marieke
Published: March 2021

Background

Recent theories argue that an interplay between (i.e., network of) experiences, thoughts and affect in daily life may underlie the development of psychopathology.

Objective

To prospectively examine whether network dynamics of everyday affect states are associated with a future course of psychopathology in adolescents at an increased risk of mental disorders.

Methods

159 adolescents from the East-Flanders Prospective Twin Study cohort participated in the study. At baseline, their momentary affect states were assessed using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM). The course of psychopathology was operationalized as the change in the Symptom Checklist-90 sum score after 1 year. Two groups were defined: one with a stable level (n = 81) and one with an increasing level (n = 78) of SCL-symptom severity. Group-level network dynamics of momentary positive and negative affect states were compared between groups.

Results

The group with increasing symptoms showed a stronger connections between negative affect states and their higher influence on positive states, as well as higher proneness to form ‘vicious cycles’, compared to the stable group. Based on permutation tests, these differences were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

Although not statistically significant, some qualitative differences were observed between the networks of the two groups. More studies are needed to determine the value of momentary affect networks for predicting the course of psychopathology.
Sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors among older Chinese population: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wu Xin , Li Xue , Xu Meihong , Zhang Zhaofeng , He Lixia , Li Yong
Published: March 2021

Sarcopenia a recognised geriatric syndrome. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia among older Chinese adults and to identify any associated factors for possible sarcopenia according to the updated diagnostic criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019). We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The main outcome of this study was possible sarcopenia. Handgrip strength was measured via a dynamometer. The muscle mass was estimated by anthropometric measures. Physical performance was measured by 5-time chair stand test and gait speed test. A multivariate logistic regression model with stepwise method was employed to identify factors associated with possible sarcopenia. A total of 6172 participants aged 60–94 years were included. The prevalence of possible sarcopenia, sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia was 38.5%, 18.6%, and 8.0%, respectively. Age, rural area, falls, higher C-reactive protein (CRP), and chronic diseases (including hypertension, chronic lung diseases, heart disease, psychiatric disease and arthritis) were associated with a higher risk of possible sarcopenia. Conversely, alcohol consumption, higher gait speed and high levels of hemoglobin were associated with decreased risk of possible sarcopenia. However, the associations between possible sarcopenia with alcohol consumption, heart disease, psychiatric disease and hemoglobin were not significant after Bonferroni correction. Our study reported a relatively high prevalence of sarcopenia among older Chinese population, and identified a range of factors associated with sarcopenia. We also found rural elders are more vulnerable to sarcopenia than urban elders. Additionally, we discovered systemic inflammation might be one of the contributing factors between sarcopenia and related comorbidities. We believe the findings of this study would help to identify individuals at high risk of sarcopenia early and therefore implement the prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the disease burden in China.
Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 antibody study using the Easy Check COVID-19 IgM/IgG™ lateral flow assay
Authors: Higgins Renee L. , Rawlings Stephen A. , Case Jamie , Lee Florence Y. , Chan Clarence W. , Barrick Bethany , Burger Zoe C. , Yeo Kiang-Teck J. , Marrinucci Dena
Published: March 2021

Since the initial identification of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in December of 2019, researchers have raced to understand its pathogenesis and begun devising vaccine and treatment strategies. An accurate understanding of the body’s temporal immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is paramount to successful vaccine development and disease progression monitoring. To provide insight into the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2, plasma samples from 181 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients collected at various timepoints post-symptom onset (PSO) were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies via lateral flow. Additionally, 21 donors were tracked over time to elucidate patient-specific immune responses. We found sustained levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies past 130 days PSO, with 99% positivity observed at 31–60 days PSO. By 61–90 days PSO, the percentage of IgM-/IgG+ results were nearly equal to that of IgM+/IgG+ results, demonstrating a shift in the immune response with a decrease in IgM antibody levels. Results from this study not only provide evidence that the antibody response to COVID-19 can persist for over 4 months, but also demonstrates the ability of Easy Check™ to monitor seroconversion and antibody response of patients. Easy Check was sufficiently sensitive to detect antibodies in patient samples as early as 1–4 days PSO with 86% positivity observed at 5–7 days PSO. Further studies are required to determine the longevity and efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, and whether they are protective against re-infection.
Association ankle function and balance in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Hernández-Guillén David , Tolsada-Velasco Catalina , Roig-Casasús Sergio , Costa-Moreno Elena , Borja-de-Fuentes Irene , Blasco José-María
Published: March 2021

Background and purpose

Ankle function declines with age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between ankle function and balance in older adults, with a focus on range of motion (ROM) and strength.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study that included 88 healthy community-dwelling older adults. Ankle mobility was measured while bearing weight (lunge test) and not bearing weight. The plantar-flexor muscle strength was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Balance was measured in terms of dynamic balance and mobility (timed up and go test), monopodal and bipodal static balance with open and closed eyes (single-leg stand test and platform measures), and margins of stability (functional reach test). Linear correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted with a 95% CI.

Results and discussion

Most participants had limited ankle mobility (n = 75, 86%). Weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion ROM was the strongest predictor of dynamic balance and included general mobility and stability (Radj2 = [0.34]; β = [-0.50]). In contrast, plantar-flexor muscle strength was a significant predictor of static standing balance with open eyes (Radj2 = [0.16–0.2]; β = [0.29–0.34]). Overall, weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion ROM was a more representative measure of balance and functional performance; however, a non-weight-bearing mobility assessment provides complementary information. Therefore, both measures can be used in clinical practice.

Conclusion

This study supports the concept that ankle mobility contributes to the performance of dynamic tasks, while the plantar-flexor muscle strength helps to develop a standing static balance. Identification of alterations in ankle function is warranted and may assist in the design of tailored interventions. These interventions can be used in isolation or to augment conventional balance training in order to improve balance performance in community-dwelling older adults.
Canary in the coliform mine: Exploring the industrial application limits of a microbial respiration alarm system
Authors: Stone Wendy , Louw Tobi M. , Booysen Marthinus J. , Wolfaardt Gideon M.
Published: March 2021

Fundamental ecological principles of ecosystem-level respiration are extensively applied in greenhouse gas and elemental cycle studies. A laboratory system termed CEMS (Carbon Dioxide Evolution Measurement System), developed to explore microbial biofilm growth and metabolic responses, was evaluated as an early-warning system for microbial disturbances in industrial settings: in (a) potable water system contamination, and (b) bioreactor inhibition. Respiration was detected as CO2 production, rather than O2 consumption, including aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Design, thresholds, and benefits of the remote CO2 monitoring technology were described. Headspace CO2 correlated with contamination levels, as well as chemical (R2 > 0.83–0.96) and microbiological water quality indicators (R2 > 0.78–0.88). Detection thresholds were limiting factors in monitoring drinking water to national and international standards (0 CFU/100 mL fecal coliforms) in both open- (>1500 CFU/mL) and closed-loop CO2 measuring regimes (>100 CFU/100 mL). However, closed-loop detection thresholds allow for the detection of significant contamination events, and monitoring less stringent systems such as irrigation water (<100 CFU/mL). Whole-system respiration was effectively harnessed as an early-warning system in bioreactor performance monitoring. Models were used to deconvolute biological CO2 fluctuations from chemical CO2 dynamics, to optimize this real-time, sustainable, low-waste technology, facilitating timeous responses to biological disturbances in bioreactors.
Mouse-tracking reveals cognitive conflict during negative impression formation in women with Borderline Personality Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Hepp Johanna , Kieslich Pascal J. , Wycoff Andrea M. , Bertsch Katja , Schmahl Christian , Niedtfeld Inga
Published: March 2021

Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) suffer from substantial interpersonal dysfunction and have difficulties establishing social bonds. A tendency to form negative first impressions of others could contribute to this by way of reducing approach behavior. We tested whether women with BPD or SAD would show negative impression formation compared to healthy women (HCs). We employed the Thin Slices paradigm and showed videos of 52 authentic target participants to 32 women with BPD, 29 women with SAD, and 37 HCs. We asked participants to evaluate whether different positive or negative adjectives described targets and expected BPD raters to provide the most negative ratings, followed by SAD and HC. BPD and SAD raters both agreed with negative adjectives more often than HCs (e.g., ‘Yes, the person is greedy’), and BPD raters rejected positive adjectives more often (e.g., ‘No, the person is not humble.’). However, BPD and SAD raters did not differ significantly from each other. Additionally, we used the novel process tracing method mouse-tracking to assess the cognitive conflict (via trajectory deviations) raters experienced during decision-making. We hypothesized that HCs would experience more conflict when making unfavorable (versus favorable) evaluations and that this pattern would flip in BPD and SAD. We quantified cognitive conflict via maximum absolute deviations (MADs) of the mouse-trajectories. As hypothesized, HCs showed more conflict when rejecting versus agreeing with positive adjectives. The pattern did not flip in BPD and SAD but was substantially reduced, such that BPD and SAD showed similar levels of conflict when rejecting and agreeing with positive adjectives. Contrary to the hypothesis for BPD and SAD, all three groups experienced substantial conflict when agreeing with negative adjectives. We discuss therapeutic implications of the combined choice and mouse-tracking results.
Estimating reef fish size distributions with a mini remotely operated vehicle-integrated stereo camera system
Authors: Garner Steven B. , Olsen Aaron M. , Caillouet Ryan , Campbell Matthew D. , Patterson William F.
Published: March 2021

We tested the efficacy of a stereo camera (SC) system adapted for use with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to estimate fish length distributions at reef sites in the northern Gulf of Mexico. A pool experiment was conducted to test the effect of distance (1, 2, 3 or 5 m), angle of incidence (AOI; 0° to 40° at 5° increments), and SC baseline distance (BD; BD1 = 406, BD2 = 610, and BD3 = 762 mm camera separation) on the accuracy and precision of fish model length (288, 552, or 890 mm fork length) estimates compared to a red laser scaler (RLS). A field experiment was then conducted at 20 reef sites with SCs positioned at BD1 to compare fish length distribution estimates between the SC and RLS systems under in situ conditions. In the pool experiment, mean percent errors were consistently within the a priori selected threshold of ±5% at AOIs ≤10° at all distances with all four systems. However, SCs produced accurate estimates at AOIs up to 30° at all distances tested; 2–3 m was optimal. During reef site surveys, SCs collected 10.4 times as many length estimates from 4.3 times as many species compared to the RLS. Study results demonstrate that, compared to laser scalers, ROV-based SC systems can substantially increase the number of available fish length estimates by producing accurate length estimates at a wider range of target orientations while also enabling measurements from a greater portion of the cameras’ field of view.
Wintertime overlaps between female Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) and the krill fishery at South Georgia, South Atlantic
Authors: Bamford Connor C. G. , Warwick-Evans Victoria , Staniland Iain J. , Jackson Jennifer A. , Trathan Philip N.
Published: March 2021

The diet of Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) at South Georgia is dominated by Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). During the breeding season, foraging trips by lactating female fur seals are constrained by their need to return to land to provision their pups. Post-breeding, seals disperse in order to feed and recover condition; estimates indicatec.70% of females remain near to South Georgia, whilst others head west towards the Patagonian Shelf or south to the ice-edge. The krill fishery at South Georgia operates only during the winter, providing the potential for fur seal: fishery interaction during these months. Here we use available winter (May to September) tracking data from Platform Terminal Transmitter (PTT) tags deployed on female fur seals at Bird Island, South Georgia. We develop habitat models describing their distribution during the winters of 1999 and 2003 with the aim of visualising and quantifying the degree of spatial overlap between female fur seals and krill harvesting in South Georgia waters. We show that spatial distribution of fur seals around South Georgia is extensive, and that the krill fishery overlaps with small, highly localised areas of available fur seal habitat. From these findings we discuss the implications for management, and future work.
Exercise Only Works If You Do It! The Holy Grail of Adherence
Authors: Kok Beverley , McNeely Margaret , Watt Makayla , Tandon Puneeta
Published: March 2021

Exercise interventions in patients with cirrhosis have been shown to improve muscle mass and strength, aerobic capacity, fatigue, and quality of life. There are gaps, however, including limited data on patients with decompensated cirrhosis and home-based routines. This editorial comments on the randomized controlled trial by Lai et al. investigating a home-based exercise intervention in patients with cirrhosis and its impact on physical frailty. Although the trial yielded negative results, the lessons learned should help refine and propel future work.
El cincuentenario de la Comisión Teológica Internacional. Aportes a la teología fundamental, la cristología y la eclesiología
Authors: Galli Carlos María
Published: March 2021

En la teología cosechamos con gratitud lo que otros sembraron entre lágrimas y sembramos con generosidad lo que otros cosecharán. En 2019 se cumplieron cincuenta años de la Comisión Teológica Internacional (CTI) creada por san Pablo VI a pedido de la primera asamblea del Sínodo de los Obispos para proseguir la colaboración vivida durante el Concilio Vaticano II. La CTI testimonia una comunión diacrónica y sincrónica con corsi e recorsi. Este artículo destaca algunos aportes a la teología sistemática dados en sus 30 documentos. Hace una mirada de conjunto al estilo de la Comisión y al método de trabajo; señala los grandes aportes en la teología fundamental y a los misterios centrales de la fe en diálogo con tendencias actuales; dibuja la figura sinodal del teólogo.
Theoretical background on semiconducting polymers and their applications to OSCs and OLEDs
Authors: Luscombe Christine K. , Maitra Uday , Walter Michael , Wiedmer Susanne K.
Published: March 2021

Organic electronics has developed rapidly over the past 40 years. In 1977, a seminal discovery was reported that showed that a polymer known as polyacetylene could conduct electricity as well as metals could. This was a groundbreaking discovery that led to a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2000. The polymers that are used in organic electronics have now been widely studied for use in organic solar cells (OSCs), organic field effect transistors (OFETs), printable electronics, flexible electronics, antistatic coatings, actuators, and more recently in bioelectronics. In particular, the utility of organic electronics is seen in the commercial success of using organic electronic materials in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) where OLED displays can be seen in mobile phones and as flat panel displays. In this paper, we provide a tutorial targeting upper secondary students describing how these special classes of polymers function, and how they can be synthesized. The paper further discusses the use of these materials in two applications: organic solar cells and organic light-emitting diodes. The paper ends with a brief discussion about hands-on activities that can be carried out in the upper secondary student science classroom.
Is the beta estradiol receptor receiving enough attention for its metabolic importance in postmenopause?
Authors: Rocha Débora Santos , Kucharski Luiz Carlos
Published: March 2021

The relationship between menopause and the development of metabolic diseases is well established. In postmenopause women, there is an expansion of visceral white adipose tissue (WATv), which highly contributes to the rise of circulating lipids. Meanwhile, muscle glucose uptake decreases and hepatic glucose production increases. Consequently, in the pancreas, lipotoxicity and glycotoxicity lead to deficient insulin production. These factors initiate an energy imbalance and enhance the probability of developing cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although the activation of estradiol receptors (ER) has been shown to be beneficial for the WAT stock pattern, leading to the insulin-sensitive phenotype, authors have described the risk of these receptors’ activation, contributing to neoplasia development. The selective activation of beta-type ER (ERβ) seems to be a promising strategy in the treatment of energy imbalance, acting on several tissues of metabolic importance and allowing an intervention with less risk for the development of estrogen-dependent neoplasia. However, the literature on the risks and benefits of selective ERβ activation still needs to increase. In this review, several aspects related to ERβ were considered, such as its physiological role in tissues of energy importance, beneficial effects, and risks of its stimulation during menopause. PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, and Medline/Bireme databases were used in this study.
An uncommon cause of headache and dizziness after cruise travel: case report of Mal De Debarquement syndrome
Authors: Ampomah Kwasi K. , Clark Brian C. , Arnold William D. , Burwell Daniel
Published: March 2021

Mal de Debarquement syndrome (MdDS), also known as disembarkment syndrome, is a benign neurological condition characterized by a feeling of rocking, bobbing, or swaying, usually presenting after an individual has been exposed to passive motion as from being on a cruise, long drive, turbulent air travel, or train. Clinical awareness about this condition is limited, as is research; thus, many patients go undiagnosed. In this case report, the authors describe a case of a severe headache as a major presenting symptom of MdDS in a 46-year-old woman who eventually attained full resolution of symptoms. This report aims to highlight this unique presentation and make practitioners more aware of the cardinal clinical features, to assist in prompt diagnosis of this disorder.
Identifying the Explanatory Domain of the Looping Effect: Congruent and Incongruent Feedback Mechanisms of Interactive Kinds
Authors: Vesterinen Tuomas
Published: March 2021

Ian Hacking uses the looping effect to describe how classificatory practices in the human sciences interact with the classified people. While arguably this interaction renders the affected human kinds unstable and hence different from natural kinds, realists argue that also some prototypical natural kinds are interactive and human kinds in general are stable enough to support explanations and predictions. I defend a more fine-grained realist interpretation of interactive human kinds by arguing for an explanatory domain account of the looping effect. First, I argue that knowledge of the feedback mechanisms that mediate the looping effect can supplement, and help to identify, the applicability domain over which a kind and its property variations are stably explainable. Second, by applying this account to cross-cultural case studies of psychiatric disorders, I distinguish between congruent feedback mechanisms that explain matches between classifications and kinds, and incongruent feedback mechanisms that explain mismatches. For example, congruent mechanisms maintain Western auditory experiences in schizophrenia, whereas exporting diagnostic labels inflicts incongruence by influencing local experiences. Knowledge of the mechanisms can strengthen explanatory domains, and thereby facilitate classificatory adjustments and possible interventions on psychiatric disorders.
Betrayal through obedience: on the history of the unusual inflectional chain in Siyuewu Khroskyabs
Authors: Lai Yunfan
Published: March 2021

This paper focuses on the verbal inflection chain of Siyuewu Khroskyabs, a Gyalrongic language (Trans-Himalayan). Siyuewu Khroskyabs goes against two general typological tendencies: first, as an SOV language, it shows an overwhelming preference for prefixes, which is rarely reported typologically; second, the inflectional prefixes in the outer slots are older than those in the inner slots, which is the reverse case of most languages. In this paper, I will first identify distinct historical layers within the inflectional prefixes, and then focus on two of the prefixes,də-‘even’ andɕə-‘q’ whose evolutionary pathways are relatively clear. The essential part of the hypotheses is that the prefixes originate from enclitics which could be attached to the end of a preverbal chain, originally loosely attached to the verb stem. The preverbal chain later became tightly attached to the verbal stem and eventually became a part of it as a chain of prefixes. As a result, the original enclitics are reanalysed as prefixes. The integration of preverbal morphemes is responsible for the prefixing preference in Modern Siyuewu Khroskyabs. However, despite this superficial prefixing preference, Siyuewu Khroskyabs underlyingly favours postposed morphemes. By following the general suffixing tendency, this language finally managed to create a typologically rare, overwhelmingly prefixing verbal template.
Crystal structure of 1‐tert‐butyl‐3‐(2,6‐diisopropyl‐4‐phenoxyphenyl)‐2-methylisothiourea, C24H34N2OS
Authors: Zhao Benbo , Fu Kai , Xun Miao-Miao , Yuan Changchun
Published: March 2021

C24H34N2OS, M = 398.59, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 11.0576(3) Å, b = 11.8406(3) Å, c = 18.0061(5) Å, V = 2357.51(11) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0334, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0780, T = 170 K.
Advances in absorbents and techniques used in wet and dry FGD: a critical review
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Jana Susanta Kumar
Published: March 2021

Sulfur dioxide is considered as an extremely harmful and toxic substance among the air pollutants emitted from the lignite- and other high-sulfur-coal based power plants, old tires processing units, smelters, and many other process industries. Various types of absorbents and desulfurization technologies have been developed and adopted by the industries to reduce the emission rate of SO2 gas. The present paper focuses on the ongoing advances in the development of varieties of regenerative and non-regenerative absorbents viz., Ca-based, Mg-based, Fe-based, Na-based, N2-based, and others along with various FGD technology, viz., wet, dry or semi-dry processes. Additionally, different types of contactors viz., packed column, jet column, spray tower, and slurry bubble columns along with their significant operational and design features have also been discussed. In the existing or newly installed limestone-based FGD plants, an increasing trend of the utilization of newly developed technologies such as limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) and magnesium-enhanced lime (MEL) are being used at an increasing rate. However, the development of low-cost sorbents, particularly suitable solid wastes, for the abatement of SO2 emission needs to be explored sincerely. Many such wastes cause air pollution by way of entrainment of fine particulate matter (PM), groundwater contamination by its leaching, or brings damage to crops due to its spreading onto the cultivation land. One such pollutant is marble waste and in this work, this has been suggested as a suitable substitute to limestone and cost-effective sorbent for the desulfurization of flue gases. The product of this process being sellable in the market or may be used as a raw material in several industries, it can also prove to be an important route of recycling and reuse of one of the air and water-polluting solid wastes.
Indexicals and essential demonstrations
Authors: Penco Carlo
Published: March 2021

In this paper, I discuss some of Maximilian de Gaynesford’s arguments regarding indexicals. Although I agree with his treatment of the first singular personal pronoun as a prototype of demonstrative expressions, I challenge his refusal to treat indexicals as complex demonstratives. To offer an alternative to this refusal I try to develop a common ground from different theories that consider indexicals as linguistic constructions that embed a nonlinguistic element, following an original idea in Frege’s latest writings. These views form the backdrop on which we can put forward the claim of treating all indexicals as complex demonstratives. In the central part of the paper, I criticize each of de Gaynesford’s arguments against the reduction of indexicals to complex demonstratives. Besides, I propose a new definition of the concept of “demonstration” as a nonlinguistic feature of all indexicals in their referential uses, to contrast de Gaynesford’s rejection of the idea that demonstrations are an essential feature of indexicals. Eventually, I strengthen my claim by distinguishing indexicals from proper names and definite descriptions on the ground that only perceptual indexicals necessarily require an accompanying demonstration. However, the main point of the paper is a negative one, that is the rejection of de Gaynesford’s arguments against the reduction of indexicals to complex demonstratives. More work is needed to reach a positive conclusion on this topic.
Synthesis and structural characterization of orthorhombic Cu3–δ
Sb (δ ≈ 0.1) and hexagonal Cu3Sb1–xInx (x ≈ 0.2) phases
Authors: Sinclair Jordan , Baranets Sviatoslav , Bobev Svilen
Published: March 2021

Cu3Sb is a known copper-rich phase in the Cu–Sb binary phase diagram. It is reported to be dimorphic, with a low-temperature form adopting the orthorhombic Cu3Ti structure type (space group Pmmn, No. 59). The high-temperature form crystallizes in the cubic space group

F
m

3
‾

m

$Fm‾{3}m$

(No. 225), and is isostructural with BiF3. Neither polymorph has been carefully characterized to date, with both structures being assigned to the respective structure type, but never refined. With this study, we provide structural evidence, based on single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction data that the low-temperature orthorhombic phase exists with a significant amount of defects on one of the Cu-sites. As a result, its composition is not Cu3Sb, but rather Cu3–δ
Sb (δ = 0.13(1)). The cubic form could not be accessed as a part of this study, but another Cu-rich phase, Cu3Sb≈0.8In≈0.2, was also identified. It adopts the hexagonal Ni3Sn structure type (space group P63/mmc, No. 194) and represents an In-substituted variant of a hitherto unknown structural modification of Cu3Sb. Whether the latter can exist as a binary phase, or what is the minimum amount of In inclusions needed to stabilize it remains to be determined. Measurements of the thermopower of Cu3–δ
Sb (δ = 0.13(1)) were conducted in the range of 300–600 K and demonstrated a maximum value of ca. 50 μV/K at 600 K, indicative of a p-type transport mechanism. Electrical resistivity measurements for the same sample confirmed that it exhibits metallic-like behavior, with a room temperature value of 0.43 mΩ cm. Electronic structure calculations show the absence of a band gap. Thermal analysis was utilized to ascertain the congruent melting of both phases.
The Relationships Between Perceived Wellness, Sleep, and Acute: Chronic Training Load in National Collegiate Athletics Association Division I Male Soccer Players
Authors: Sekiguchi Yasuki , Curtis Ryan M. , Huggins Robert A. , Benjamin Courteney L. , Walker Alan J. , Arent Shawn M. , Adams William M. , Anderson Travis , Casa Douglas J.
Published: March 2021

Sekiguchi, Y, Curtis, RM, Huggins, RA, Benjamin, CL, Walker, AJ, Arent, SM, Adams, WM, Anderson, T, and Casa, DJ. The relationships between perceived wellness of, sleep of, and acute: chronic training load on National Collegiate Athletics Association division I male soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1326–1330, 2021—The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between perceived wellness, sleep, and acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) throughout a collegiate men's soccer season. Sixty male collegiate soccer players (mean[M] ± SD; age, 21±2 year; body mass, 77.6 ± 6.5 kg; height, 180.1 ± 6.4 cm; body fat%, 9.9 ± 3.9% ; and V̇o
2max, 53.1 ± 5.0 ml·kg−1·min−1) participated in this study. During each session, players used a heart rate and global positioning satellite–enabled chest strap to measure training impulse and ACWR. The ACWR values were trichotomized at the individual level giving an equal number of observations within each ACWR category of low, moderate, and high ACWR (M ± SD; low, 0.658 ± 0.23; moderate, 0.92 ± 0.15; and high, 1.17 ± 0.16). Stress, fatigue, and soreness levels were collected using 1–10 Likert scales and sleep duration, and sleep quality were measured by the Karolinska Sleep Diary. Stress, fatigue, soreness levels, and sleep quality were transformed to corresponding z-scores at the individual level. Fatigue levels were significantly higher when ACWR was high compared with low (mean difference [95% confidence intervals], effect size, p-value; 0.31 [0.21, 0.42], 0.29, p < 0.001) and moderate (0.14 [0.03, 0.24], 0.13, p = 0.01). Fatigue levels were also significantly higher when the ACWR was moderate compared with low (0.18 [0.07, 0.28], 0.16, p = 0.001). Soreness levels were significantly higher when the ACWR was high compared with low (0.25 [0.14, 0.36], 0.23, p < 0.001). Stress levels were significantly greater when the ACWR was high compared with low (0.19, [0.08, 0.29], 0.18, p < 0.001) and compared with moderate (0.15, [0.05, 0.25], 0.14, p = 0.004). There were no differences in sleep duration or sleep quality in different ACWR. The ACWR may be a useful tool to achieve an appropriate balance between training and recovery to manage daily fatigue and soreness levels in athletes.
Challenges and Opportunities for Communicating Lead Exposure Risks in Idaho’s Silver Valley
Authors: Cooper Courtney Marie , Goebel Madeline Sarah , Wade Valerie Therese , Wardropper Chloe Bradley
Published: March 2021

Lead-contaminated soil and dust remain a primary hazard for mining-impacted regions around the world. Exposure to lead is linked to a range of negative health consequences like developmental delays in children. Residents and visitors in mining-impacted regions can practice health protective behaviors such as handwashing and avoidance of possibly contaminated areas to limit exposure. Health districts face the challenge of informing people about these recommended protective behaviors. The objective of this case is to describe the risk communication strategies employed by a health district and to evaluate residents’ perceptions of the risk of lead exposure in a mining-impacted region of northern Idaho. The case examination draws from risk communication literature, the experiences of the health district, and a community survey. The survey results suggest that appropriately tailoring health risk messages based on elevating recipients’ risk perceptions and efficacy levels may help to encourage protective behaviors. Because lead hazards pose dynamic risks in mining-impacted communities, it is also important to periodically update health risk messages through two-way information exchanges between experts and nonexperts. Lessons learned from this case can be applied to improve health through risk communication in other communities where lead hazards pose threats to human health.
Tricuspid Valve Replacement: Mechanical or Biological Prostheses? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cheng Zeyi , Fang Tingting , Wang Dandan , Guo Yingqiang
Published: March 2021

Background: Tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) is seldom performed in cardiac valve surgery, and there currently are no clinical guidelines as to which type of prostheses is better in tricuspid valve position. This meta-analysis was performed to compare the results of mechanical and biological prostheses for TVR.
Methods: We searched the Pubmed, Cochrane, and Embase clinical trial databases to collect all related studies published from January 1, 2000 to July 31, 2020. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the odds ratios (OR) and its 95% confidence intervals (CI) of time-to-event related effects of the surgical procedures; every study’s quality was evaluated by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
Results: A total of 13 retrospective studies, including 1453 patients were analyzed. There were no statistically differences between mechanical and biological prostheses with respect to prosthetic valve failure [OR = 0.84, 95% CI(0.54, 1.28), P = .41], bleeding [OR = 0.84, 95% CI(0.54,1.28), P = .41], reoperation [OR = 1.02, 95% CI(0.58,1.78), P = .95], early mortality [OR = 1.35, 95% CI(0.82,2.25), P = .24] and long-time survival [OR = 1.09, 95% CI(0.70, 1.69), P = .70], but a significant difference can be seen in mechanical prostheses with a higher risk of thrombosis [OR = 0.17, 95% CI(0.05, 0.60), P = .006, I2 = 0%].
Conclusions: In tricuspid valve position, mechanical valve prostheses have a higher risk of thrombosis than biological prostheses, but no statistical differences between mechanical and biological prostheses with respect to prosthetic valve failure, bleeding, reoperation, early mortality, and long-term survival. The valve disease and patient’s age and risk factors are the most important considerations in the decision-making process. The more specific conclusion needs to be further proved by large-sample, multi-center, randomized, double-blind and control trials.
Le handicap comme concept colonial : le discours manquant de la culture dans les conceptualisations des enfants autochtones handicapé·es
Authors: Ineese-Nash Nicole
Published: March 2021

Cet article explore le concept de handicap à travers la lentille des études critiques du handicap dans le but de comprendre le positionnement des ontologies autochtones dans le discours dominant des personnes handicapées au Canada. Il s’appuie sur les connaissances inhérentes des communautés autochtones (principalement anishinaabek) grâce à une intégration des connaissances émanant des récits et des relations avec les ainés autochtones, les gardiens du savoir et les membres de la communauté. Jumelées à la littérature universitaire, les perspectives autochtones illustrent les points de vue dichotomiques qui positionnent les autochtones, le plus souvent des enfants, comme étant des « personnes handicapées » au sein des établissements non autochtones, sans égard à leur désignation individuelle. Une telle catégorisation suggère que l’étiquette du handicap est une construction coloniale qui entre en conflit avec les perspectives autochtones d’appartenance à la communauté et perpétue les pratiques d’assimilation qui, à leur tour, entretiennent les préjudices coloniaux.
Ipsilateral Recurrence of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy: A Case Report
Authors: Brigham Daniel
Published: March 2021

Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) is a multifactorial disease that represents the most common type of ischemic optic neuropathy. NA-AION develops in one eye and can occur in the fellow eye at a later date.1The recurrence of ipsilateral NA-AION is rare and a multitude of theories have arisen to explain this infrequent recurrence.2 This case report describes an incident of unilateral recurrence of NA-AION, explores the proposed etiologies, and will emphasize visual symptoms following its resolution.

 

Key words.  optic nerve edema    recurrent  nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy  contrast sensitivity    peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL)
Оптичні характеристики і параметри плазми газорозрядного випромінювача на суміші парів дийодиду кадмію та гелію
Authors: Malinina A.A. , Shuaibov A.K. , Malinin A.N.
Published: March 2021

Встановлено оптичнi характеристики та параметри плазми газорозрядного випромiнювача червоного спектрального дiапазону на сумiшi парiв дийодиду кадмiю та гелiю, величину приведеної напруженостi електричного поля, при якiй питома потужнiсть розряду, що вноситься в збудження ексиплексних молекул монойодиду кадмiю, максимальна. Встановлено додатковi процеси заселення верхнього B2Σ+1/2-стану ексиплексної молекули монойодиду кадмiю, якi збiльшують потужнiсть випромiнювання. Результати дослiджень можуть бути використанi для створення бiльш ефективного газорозрядного випромiнювача, що працює в червоному спектральному дiапазонi.
MENGAPA HARUS KE PERPUSTAKAAN?
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKJika kita mendengar kata perpustakaan pasti yang terpikir di benak kita adalah tempat tumpukan buku-buku yang sangat membosankan dengan berrbagai masalah didalamnya. Tetapi diluar itu sebenarnya banyak sekali manfaat yang dapat kita peroleh dari suatu perpustakaan selain dari hanya sekedar mencari literature atau informasi. Bagi kamu yangsedang mencari cara belajar yang efektif jangan ragu untuk mencoba belajar di perpustakaan. Laptop kamu rusak dan sedang diservis? Tenang, perpustakaan kampus menyediakan komputer untuk mahasiswanya. Hobi membaca cerpen, menulis atau membaca blog, dan google? Pergi ke perpustakaan yuk!. Bukan hanya pacar yang bisa dijadikan tempat pelepas kepenatan, perpustakaan pun rela menjadi tempat pelepas kepenatan kamu. Sedang butuh waktu untuk menyendiri? Perpustakaan punya ruang yang tepat untuk kamu. Selain mencari ilmu, relasi baru (teman hidup) bisa kamu dapatkan pula dari tempat ini. Ingin browsing chating serta melihat video tanpa harus kehabisan baterai di HP atau laptop silahkan berkunjung ke perpustakaan. Ingin belajar kelompok tapi tidak tahu harus ngumpul dimana, datanglah ke perpustakaan. Pengen liburan murah tapi bermanfaat datanglah ke perpustakaan. Buat anak-anak kita serta adik-adik kita yang masih belajar di PAUD atau Taman kanak-kanak silahkan berkunjung keperpustakaan. Bagi para calon wirausaha atau bahkan wirausaha yang ingin mengembangkan usahanya kunjungiah perpustakaan.ABSTRACTIf we hear the word library must have occurred in our minds is where the pile of books is very boring with variousproblems in it. But beyond that there are many benefits that we can get from a library other than just looking for literatureor information. For those of you who are looking for an effective way of learning do not hesitate to try studying in thelibrary. Your laptop is broken and is being serviced? Calmly, the college library provides computers for students. Hobbiesreading short stories, writing or reading blogs, and google? Go to the library! Not just a girlfriend who can be a placefatigue release, the library was willing to be a release your fatigue. Looking for time out alone? The library has the rightroom for you. In addition to seeking knowledge, new relationships (friends of life) you can also get from this place. Wantto browse chating and view videos without having to run out of batteries in handphone or laptop please visit the library.Want to learn group but do not know have to gather where, come to library. Want a cheap but useful holiday come to thelibrary. Create our children and younger siblings who are still studying in early childhood or kindergarten please visit thelibrary. For entrepreneurial candidates or even entrepreneurs who want to expand their business visit the library