bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional development for the science of reading
Authors: Bose Stacey
Published: February 2023

Despite training in phonics and phonemic awareness during literacy methods courses, preservice teachers indicate having a limited understanding of how to apply these two critical components of reading in their own classrooms. As preservice teachers enter the classroom, they will need support from principals, literacy professionals, and colleagues to provide effective instruction in phonics and phonemic awareness. Stacey Bose proposes a three-tiered support system to provide a continuum of professional learning as preservice teachers transition from the university to the classroom.
Collaborative deliberation in the classroom
Authors: Barton Keith C. , Ho Li-Ching
Published: February 2023

To expand students’ preparation for civic life, many teachers regularly engage students in discussions related to contentious issues. These discussions, however, typically restrict the range of communicative styles allowed and prioritizes disagreements between fixed and competing choices. Keith C. Barton & Li-Ching recommend that educators instead engage students in collaborative deliberation — an authentic problem-solving model of discussion that is premised on relationships, mutual trust, common interests and concerns, and diverse forms of communication. To support collaborative deliberation, teachers need to pay attention to how they frame issues, how they organize student groups, and what kinds of discourse they encourage.
Policy Solutions: It’s more than money: Supporting the Black school
Authors: Collins Jonathan E.
Published: February 2023

Former NFL football star Deion Sanders set off controversy when he announced he was leaving his post as head football coach at Mississippi’s Jackson State University, a historically Black college or university (HBCU), to go to University of Colorado. Jonathan E. Collins discusses how the concept of HBCUs could be taken up by public schools that primarily serve Black students. This would be preferable to considering majority Black schools as segregation failures lacking in resources.
Under the Law: Is there a sports advantage in suburbia?
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: February 2023

Participation in school sports has a variety of benefits for students. But not all students are able to participate in school athletics programs. In this column, Robert Kim explores the different levels of access suburban, urban, and rural students have to sports programs. And he considers whether students, regardless of where they live, have a right of equitable access to sports. Rural schools may offer more opportunities to participate in sports than suburban or urban schools. But suburban students are more likely to feel locked out of sport participation, either because the available programs do not interest them or because they are too costly. However, suburban students who do participate in sports tend to start earlier and play more, often in programs outside school. Legal advocacy involving unequal access to school sports will require creativity and a broad approach to address statewide disparities.
Career Confidential: Teacher wants to motivate an apathetic student
Authors: Fagell Phyllis L.
Published: February 2023

In this regular column, Phyllis Fagell gives workplace advice to educators. This month, a teacher is frustrated that she can’t make much change at her school without becoming an administrator. Another teacher is concerned that the Negative Nellies at her school are bringing down the morale of new teachers. And a principal wants to know what to do about a teacher who is annoying her colleagues.
Backtalk: What principals need to know to respond to a crisis
Authors: Jackson Mario
Published: February 2023

Principals face unexpected crises, big and small, regularly. Yet, as the COVID-19 pandemic illustrated, they aren’t always prepared for them when they come. Mario Jackson describes some of the challenges principals faced during the pandemic and the specific attributes that helped them manage. Specifically, equity-oriented leadership, crisis communication, and emotional intelligence skills were crucial to leaders during the pandemic. These skills can be beneficial in a variety of crises, and Jackson suggests that principal preparation programs help leaders grow in these areas.
Bookshelf: Kappan authors on their favorite reads
Authors: Jackson Mario
Published: February 2023

In this regular column, Kappan authors recommend books that have inspired them as educators. This month, Mario Jackson recommends the 1970 classic Pedagogy of the Oppressed by Paulo Friere. And Rachel S. White recommends the 2014 young adult novel in poetry The Crossover by Kwame Alexander.
Examining the Optimal Placement of Cooling Centers to Serve Populations at High Risk of Extreme Heat Exposure in 81 US Cities
Authors: Adams Quinn H. , Chan Elana M.G. , Spangler Keith R. , Weinberger Kate R. , Lane Kevin J. , Errett Nicole A. , Hess Jeremy J. , Sun Yuantong , Wellenius Gregory A. , Nori-Sarma Amruta
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Although extreme heat can impact the health of anyone, certain groups are disproportionately affected. In urban settings, cooling centers are intended to reduce heat exposure by providing air-conditioned spaces to the public. We examined the characteristics of populations living near cooling centers and how well they serve areas with high social vulnerability.

Methods:

We identified 1402 cooling centers in 81 US cities from publicly available sources and analyzed markers of urban heat and social vulnerability in relation to their locations. Within each city, we developed cooling center access areas, defined as the geographic area within a 0.5-mile walk from a center, and compared sociodemographic characteristics of populations living within versus outside the access areas. We analyzed results by city and geographic region to evaluate climate-relevant regional differences.

Results:

Access to cooling centers differed among cities, ranging from 0.01% (Atlanta, Georgia) to 63.2% (Washington, DC) of the population living within an access area. On average, cooling centers were in areas that had higher levels of social vulnerability, as measured by the number of people living in urban heat islands, annual household income below poverty, racial and ethnic minority status, low educational attainment, and high unemployment rate. However, access areas were less inclusive of adult populations aged ≥65 years than among populations aged <65 years.

Conclusion:

Given the large percentage of individuals without access to cooling centers and the anticipated increase in frequency and severity of extreme heat events, the current distribution of centers in the urban areas that we examined may be insufficient to protect individuals from the adverse health effects of extreme heat, particularly in the absence of additional measures to reduce risk.
A Systematic Review of Technology Reviews in Language Teaching and Learning Journals
Authors: Moorhouse Benjamin Luke , Kohnke Lucas , Wan Yuwei
Published: February 2023

Technology reviews are a specific article genre published in several language teaching and learning journals. Their emergence is likely due to the proliferation of technology that facilitates and supports language acquisition. These reviews aim to increase teachers’ and learners’ awareness of the forms of technology available and succinctly describe their benefits and limitations for language teaching and learning. As education enters a new digital age, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential to determine which forms of technology support teachers’ professional learning and how they can be utilized. This article presents a systematic review of technology reviews published between 2017 and 2022 in five Q1 SCOPUS-indexed language teaching and learning journals: RELC Journal, TESOL Journal, CALICO Journal, Language Learning and Technology and Teaching English as a Second Language Electronic Journal (TESL-EJ). These five journals were the only Q1 language teaching and learning journals we identified that publish technology reviews. All 73 technology reviews published in the 5-year period in the 5 journals were reviewed. Using professional digital competence as a framework, we explore what the articles reveal about how technology is used, as well as the knowledge gaps that remain. We examine the types and features of the technology described in the reviews, the language skills and educational levels of the learners, and the pedagogical implications of technology use. We found that the technology reviews mainly introduced the technological features and functions of the reviewed technologies with less emphasis placed on their pedagogical utilities and social aspects of their use for language teaching. The article concludes with recommendations for authors and journal editors regarding the content that should be included in a technology review to ensure that it is helpful to the profession. We also offer advice to practitioners on how to benefit from technology reviews.
Drug Use Difficulties and Academic Adjustment in Student Veterans With Disabilities: A Parallel Mediation Study
Authors: Rumrill Stuart P. , Castruita Rios Yazmin , Yasuoka Mizuka , Aydin Zeynep , Zhou Kaiqi , Umucu Emre
Published: February 2023

The attainment of postsecondary education is critical to leading a successful life. Substance abuse is one area that may negatively impact academic and, ultimately, employment outcomes in the student veteran population. We conducted a parallel mediation analysis to examine the relationship between substance use and academic outcomes in a sample of 129 college veterans with disabilities. We explored interpersonal problems, physical health problems, depression, and anxiety as possible mediators. Our results concluded that only interpersonal problems and anxiety mediated the relationship. Implications for practice and research are provided.
The Functions of Auxiliary Do in Middle English Poetry: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Moretti Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

The higher frequency of auxiliary do in poetry than in prose in Middle English (1150-1500) is one of the puzzles of the history of this construction. Previous studies have argued that the role of auxiliary do in poems was to place the infinitive at the end of the verse to make rhyme easier. The aim of this article is to examine to what extent auxiliary do was used for rhyme purposes and, furthermore, to determine whether it had other functions. On the basis of a conditional inference tree and random forests, this paper shows that auxiliary do was indeed used as a metrical tool to place the infinitive at the end of the verse to facilitate rhyme, although the degree to which poets used auxiliary do varied from dialect to dialect. The statistical analysis reveals that the auxiliary construction served also other functions, particularly in the Eastern Midlands and Northern dialects, where do favored the integration of verbs of foreign origin and ensured the metricality of the verse by maintaining a regular distribution of the beats in the line.
Conspiracy Theories and Foreign Policy Narratives: Globalism in Jair Bolsonaro’s Foreign Policy
Authors: de Sá Guimarães Feliciano , Cordeiro Moreira Davi , Dutra de Oliveira e Silva Irma , Raposo de Mello Anna Carolina
Published: February 2023

An analysis of more than 2,000 speeches and social media posts on foreign policy issues from four members of Jair Bolsonaro’s government from January 2019 to December 2020 suggests that a conspiracy theory called “globalism,” which explains current events using a series of intrigues and stratagems carried out by fictitious enemies to undermine the national order, has not only taken root in Brazil’s foreign policy narrative but consistently been used over time by the cabinet members responsible for that policy. It also indicates that the use of “globalism” is not just a political strategy to persuade voters but a worldview embedded in Bolsonaro’s far-right cabinet.

Uma análise de mais de 2.000 discursos e posts provenientes de redes sociais sobre questões da política externa do Brasil por quatro membros do gabinete do governo de Jair Bolsonaro de janeiro de 2019 a dezembro de 2020 indica que a teoria de conspiração denominada “globalismo,” que explica atualidades em termos de uma série de intrigas e estratégias implementadas por inimigos fictícios para minar a ordem nacional, não se arreigou apenas na narrativa exibida na política exterior brasileira mas também se utilizou há anos pelos mesmos membros do gabinete que são responsáveis por sua elaboração. Isso significa que o uso do “globalismo” não é só uma estratégia política para convencer eleitores mas é também uma visão do mundo que é enraizada no gabinete de Bolsonaro cuja origem reside na extreme direita.
Observer-based H∞ control for uncertain one-sided Lipschitz Markovian jump-delayed systems with partially unknown transition rates
Authors: Tu Teng , Zhou Juan
Published: February 2023

This paper addresses the observer-based control design for uncertain one-sided Lipschitz Markovian jump-delayed systems. By constructing the Lyapunov functional of the closed-loop augmented system, combining with the one-sided Lipschitz condition and quadratically inner-bounded condition, it is derived that the closed-loop augmented system is stochastic stable with an [Formula: see text] performance level [Formula: see text]. With the help of some special derivations, bilinear matrix inequalities are successfully transformed into a group of linear matrix inequalities. The robust controller and observer gains are solved by linear matrix inequality (LMI) toolbox in MATLAB.
Text complexity and variety factors in narrative retelling and narrative comprehension among Arabic-speaking preschool children
Authors: Kawar Khaloob , Saiegh-Haddad Elinor , Armon-Lotem Sharon
Published: February 2023

The current study investigates narrative retelling and comprehension among 30 native Arabic-speaking preschool children with a mean age of 5:10. Narrative features of text-complexity (less-complex and more-complex episodic structure) and language variety (Spoken Palestinian Arabic [PA] and Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) were analyzed for their effect on narrative retelling and comprehension. Four narratives accompanied by six pictures each (Gagarina et al., 2012) were used. Two were presented in MSA and two in PA, the children’s spoken vernacular. Two of them, one per each language variety, matched on episodic structure, were less complex, and two were more complex. Although children were free to choose which language to use for the retelling, they all used PA. Retelling performance was analyzed according to macrostructure, microstructure, and the use of Internal State Terms (ISTs). Comprehension was tested via questions addressing the character’s goals, ISTs, and Theory of Mind. With respect to text complexity, the results showed that the participants produced longer texts and demonstrated better comprehension when the narratives were more complex. Language variety was only associated with a difference in comprehension, with higher scores for the narratives presented in MSA. Older children produced longer texts and a higher number of ISTs. Finally, a three-way interaction emerged in the use of ISTs – while younger children produced more ISTs for the PA narratives, the older ones produced more of those for the MSA narratives. The study suggests that language variety and text complexity may exert different effects on narrative production and comprehension in Arabic-speaking preschool children.
Similarity Among Friends Serves as a Social Prior: The Assumption That “Birds of a Feather Flock Together” Shapes Social Decisions and Relationship Beliefs
Authors: Schwyck Miriam E. , Du Meng , Li Yuchen , Chang Luke J. , Parkinson Carolyn
Published: February 2023

Social interactions unfold within networks of relationships. How do beliefs about others’ social ties shape—and how are they shaped by—expectations about how others will behave? Here, participants joined a fictive online game-playing community and interacted with its purported members, who varied in terms of their trustworthiness and apparent relationships with one another. Participants were less trusting of partners with untrustworthy friends, even after they consistently showed themselves to be trustworthy, and were less willing to engage with them in the future. To test whether people not only expect friends to behave similarly but also expect those who behave similarly to be friends, an incidental memory test was given. Participants were exceptionally likely to falsely remember similarly behaving partners as friends. Thus, people expect friendship to predict similar behavior and vice versa. These results suggest that knowledge of social networks and others’ behavioral tendencies reciprocally interact to shape social thought and behavior.
On Cultural Differences of Heroes: Evidence From Individualistic and Collectivistic Cultures
Authors: Sun Yuning , Kinsella Elaine L. , Igou Eric R.
Published: February 2023

Building on earlier research that examined the characteristics people associate with heroes, our research examined similarities and differences of the hero stereotype across cultures. Specifically, in Study 1 ( N = 209) and Study 2 ( N = 298), we investigated lay perceptions of heroes among participants from a collectivistic culture. In Study 3 ( N = 586), we examined whether group membership could be determined by participants’ centrality ratings of the combined set of hero features. In Study 4 ( N = 197), we tested whether the hero features that distinguish American and Chinese participants, when used to describe a target person, influence the impression that the target person is a hero. In Study 5 ( N = 158) and Study 6 ( N = 591), we investigated cultural differences in perceptions of different types of heroes (e.g., social, martial, civil) and the influence of individualism and collectivism on the perception of those heroes.
Construction of recipe knowledge graph based on user knowledge demands
Authors: Cui Jingfeng , Zhang Xiuchen , Zheng Dejun
Published: February 2023

Building a recipe knowledge graph from the perspective of user knowledge demands can provide users with accurate and efficient retrieval results and recipes. Relatively a few ontology studies have been conducted on Chinese recipes. In addition, some existing recipe ontology models are relatively rough, with few dimensions, and others have too many dimensions, that is, they lack versatility and cannot achieve efficient recipe recommendation and query functions. Therefore, this article proposes a general recipe ontology based on user knowledge demands analysed from multi-source recipes. Then, this article selects recipes for common edible flowers with health benefits, an ontology model and constructs a knowledge graph of flower recipes via knowledge extraction, knowledge fusion and other techniques. Finally, the application of constructed flower recipe knowledge graph is discussed, and the results indicated that it can effectively feedback the query results and satisfy the knowledge demands of users.
Rethinking Historical Methods in Organization Studies: Organizational Source Criticism
Authors: Heller Michael
Published: February 2023

How do we know what we know about an organization’s history? What methodologies do historians use? I explain and adapt the historical method of source criticism for organizational scholars through the new technique of organizational source criticism. Source criticism is how historians do research in archives. The role of source criticism is to identify, analyse and use bias in historical sources to write reliable historical narratives. Organization source criticism emphasizes the plurality of organizational sources. I capture this plurality through the organizational source criticism matrix, which categorizes organizational archival sources into four types based on their category and modality. Category differentiates between narrative and documentary sources, and modality distinguishes reportative from performative sources. The matrix proposes four distinct forms of source criticism for each type of organizational source and exemplifies these through two academic articles from management and organizational history. The paper encourages researchers to adopt organizational source criticism to create robust organizational historical narratives. It also emphasizes the importance of context, triangulation and colligation in organizational historical research. Organizational source criticism is a new historical methodology adapted to researching sources in organizational archives that aims at establishing the veracity and meaning of organizational archival sources. It will benefit organizational scholars who intend to conduct historical organizational archival research.
Age Gap Between Spouses in South and Southeast Asia
Authors: Dommaraju Premchand
Published: February 2023

Age gap between spouses has important implications for a range of outcomes—from fertility and longevity, to gender relationships, marital quality, and stability. This paper examines the age gap between spouses in 12 countries in South and Southeast Asia. The average age difference (husband’s minus wife’s age) is positive in all countries and ranges from 2.7 in Myanmar to 8.4 in Bangladesh. Age homogamous marriages accounted for 5% of all marriages in Bangladesh to close to half of all marriages in Thailand. The proportion of age hypogamous marriages was uniformly low in all the countries except for Myanmar where it reaches close to 10%. Men’s marriage age has a stronger effect in determining the age gap. In general, the age gap for women with lower education was larger than for those with higher education. However, much of this effect was explained by the difference in marriage timing across educational groups.
Intraclass Correlations Values in International Development: Evidence Across Commonly Studied Domains in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Seidenfeld David , Handa Sudhanshu , de Hoop Thomas , Morey Mitchell
Published: February 2023

The sharp increase in the number of experimental studies evaluating development programs raises the need for accurate intraclass correlations (ICC) to conduct power calculations so that researchers can design studies to detect meaningful effects with sufficient statistical power. The intraclass correlation is an important parameter for determining the statistical power of cluster-randomized trials. The parameter is rarely available to researchers planning a study until after the design is set and data are already collected. This paper takes an important step towards helping researchers working in sub-Saharan Africa to accurately estimate appropriate sample sizes for their clustered RCTs. The study draws from rich data sets in Kenya, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. We present ICCs for a wide range of domains common for development research. Our results suggest that ICCs for commonly studied indicators in sub-Saharan Africa are lower than is often assumed in power calculations. ICC values are especially low for indicators associated with child nutrition and food security, suggesting that cluster-RCTs might be a viable design even when faced with limited budgets because sample size requirements are not much different from an individual random assignment design.
Connecting Feelings of School Belonging to High School Students’ Friendship Quality Profiles
Authors: Fan Tingting , Bellmore Amy
Published: February 2023

Utilizing a person-centered approach, the present study explored 614 adolescents’ reports of self-disclosure, help, conflict, and conflict resolution with a close friend to investigate variability in profiles of friendship quality, whether gender and gender homophily and ethnicity homophily of friends are associated with profile membership, and how the profiles relate to feelings of school belonging. A latent profile analysis revealed three profiles of friendship: an ideal friendship profile (25.57% of the sample), a realistic friendship profile (54.56%), and a somewhat problematic friendship profile (19.87%). Compared to adolescents in the somewhat problematic profile, female adolescents were more likely to have a realistic or ideal friendship profile than males. Adolescents with ideal and realistic friendship profiles reported the highest feelings of school belonging; those in the somewhat problematic profile reported the lowest school belonging. The advantages of attending to profiles that incorporate multiple dimensions of friendship quality to understanding the social and academic experiences of adolescents are discussed.
Universal tools activation in English language proficiency assessments: A comparison of Grades 1–12 English learners with and without disabilities
Authors: Alicia Kim Ahyoung , Yumsek Meltem , Kemp Jason A. , Chapman Mark , Gary Cook H.
Published: February 2023

English learners (ELs) comprise approximately 10% of kindergarten to Grade 12 students in US public schools, with about 15% of ELs identified as having disabilities. English language proficiency (ELP) assessments must adhere to universal design principles and incorporate universal tools, designed to increase accessibility for all ELs, including those with disabilities. This two-phase mixed methods study examined the extent Grades 1–12 ELs with and without disabilities activated universal tools during an online ELP assessment: Color Overlay, Color Contrast, Help Tools, Line Guide, Highlighter, Magnifier, and Sticky Notes. In Phase 1, analyses were conducted on 1.25 million students’ test and telemetry data (record of keystrokes and clicks). Phase 2 involved interviewing 55 ELs after test administration. Findings show that ELs activated the Line Guide, Highlighter, and Magnifier more frequently than others. The tool activation rate was higher in listening and reading domains than in speaking and writing. A significantly higher percentage of ELs with disabilities activated the tools than ELs without disabilities, but effect sizes were small; interview findings further revealed students’ rationale for tool use. Results indicate differences in ELs’ activation of universal tools depending on their disability category and language domain, providing evidence for the usefulness of these tools.
Performance evaluation of e-service delivery of union digital centers at the local level using composite indexing method: A study of Batiaghata upazilla in Khulna district
Authors: Ovi Razaun Parvaz , Rana Md. Sohel , Jodder Pankaj Kanti , Sarkar Bristi
Published: February 2023

Bangladesh is a developing country such a huge population, most of whom reside in rural areas. All around the country, Union Digital Centers (UDCs) have been established to offer public and private e-services to all inhabitants. It seems appropriate to do study on assessing the performance of e-service delivery after a number of years have passed since the founding of the UDCs. The study area has been determined to be the Batiaghata union and Jalma union under the Batiaghata Upazilla. This study tried to evaluate the performance of e-service delivery of UDCs and compare the performance of e-services of Jalma union and Batiaghata union of Batiaghata Upazilla. Three major components such as service functionality, availability and, quality and efficiency have been considered in this study. To evaluate the performance of delivery of electronic services of these centers, the Composite Indexing Method was used. The results showed that e-services of both unions are virtually as effective and of moderate quality. There was a striking contrast between the two unions when the availability aspect of e-service delivery was taken into account (about 48.96% in Jalma UDC and 38.70% in Batiaghata UDC). On the other hand, both unions’ scores for service functionality were the lowest amount in practical. Overall, e-service functions of Jalma Union Digital Center were comparatively better than those of Batiaghata Union Digital Center which is 47.03% and 37.5% respectively. The study also suggested that the UDCs of two unions’ current e-service delivery scenario strongly need to future advancement in the provision of creative services based on the requirement for upgradeable technological knowledge in the most satisfactory manners.
A pilot study to evaluate clinical factors associated with iron and ferritin elevations during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Sam Ashley E , Weber Zachary , Peña Alejandra , Henderson Cody , King Jonathan M , Carr Nicholas R
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Elevations in serum ferritin and serum iron occur during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Previous reports attribute the elevation to frequent red blood cell transfusions and/or hemolysis. Chronic transfusion can cause iron deposition in tissues leading to multisystem organ dysfunction. This study aims identify clinical factors associated with elevated ferritin and iron in pediatric ECMO patients, along with post-decannulation magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of iron deposition in liver and brain.

Methods: Prospective, pilot study, using descriptive statistics to investigate potential associations between patient characteristics, serum ferritin and iron levels, and post-decannulation hepatic and basal ganglia iron deposition.

Results: In this study, nine patients (100%) had elevated serum ferritin levels during ECMO. High ferritin levels were more common with veno-arterial than with veno-venous cannulation ( p = 0.026) and were also associated with high plasma free hemoglobin levels ( p < 0.001). Five patients presented with elevated serum iron levels. High serum iron levels were associated with higher daily ( p = 0.016) and cumulative transfusion volumes ( p = 0.013) as well ECMO duration beyond 7 days. MRI scans were performed on three patients with no evidence of abnormal iron deposition detected in the liver or brain.

Conclusions: This pilot study shows that during pediatric ECMO, elevations in serum ferritin and serum iron occur and those elevations may be related to the cannulation modality, ECMO duration, amount of hemolysis, and volume of red blood cell transfusions. Further investigation is warranted to fully understand the implications of elevated serum iron and ferritin in pediatric ECMO.
Effects of multidirectional elastic tape on pain and function in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy: A randomised crossover trial
Authors: Hill Caitlin E , Heales Luke J , Stanton Robert , Kean Crystal O
Published: February 2023

Objective

To investigate the effects of multidirectional elastic tape on pain and function in individuals with lateral elbow tendinopathy.

Study Design

Randomised crossover trial.

Setting

Biomechanics laboratory.

Subjects

27 participants (11 females, mean (SD) age: 48.6 (11.9) years) with clinically diagnosed lateral elbow tendinopathy of at least six weeks’ duration.

Interventions

Tensioned multidirectional elastic tape applied over the wrist, compared to control tape (untensioned), and no tape conditions.

Main measures

Pain-free grip strength and pressure pain threshold were recorded at three timepoints for each condition: baseline, post-application, and following an exercise circuit. Change scores were calculated as the post-application or post-exercise value minus baseline. Repeated-measure analyses of variance were used to examine differences between conditions.

Results

There were no statistically significant differences in pain-free grip strength between conditions (flexed position: F2,52 = 0.02, p = 0.98; extended position: F2,52 = 2.26, p = 0.12) or across timepoints (post-application vs post-exercise) (flexed position: F1,26 = 0.94, p = 0.34; extended position: F1,26 = 0.79, p = 0.38). Seven participants (26%) increased pain-free grip strength above the minimal detectable change following application of multidirectional elastic tape. There were no statistically significant differences in pressure pain threshold between conditions (affected lateral epicondyle: F1.51,39.17 = 0.54, p = 0.54) or across timepoints (affected lateral epicondyle: F1,26 = 0.94, p = 0.34).

Conclusion

Tensioned multidirectional elastic tape may not immediately improve pain-free grip strength or pressure pain threshold in our lateral elbow tendinopathy population; however, individual variation may exist.
A method for scoring 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced murine esophageal squamous neoplasia
Authors: Aziz Zaryab , Washington Mary Kay , Jacobse Justin , Choksi Yash
Published: February 2023

A mouse model for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is induced by oral administration of the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO). There is not an objective method for determining histopathologic severity of disease in this model. We aim to create a clearly defined and easily applied scoring system that can quantify the severity of 4-NQO-induced murine ESCC. Fifteen wild-type C57BL/6J mice were treated with 4-NQO for 8 (n = 8) or 16 (n = 7) weeks, while the rest (n = 9) were treated with vehicle, as 8 weeks of 4-NQO typically results in dysplasia and 16 weeks in carcinoma. We identified histologic abnormalities of the esophagus in this model and developed metrics to grade severity of dysplasia, papillomas, and invasion. Scores were then calculated using quantitative digitized image analysis for measuring depth and extent of each feature within the entire sample. Each feature was also assigned a weight based on its relation to cancer severity. Histology scores were significantly different in the three groups, suggesting that this method can discriminate dysplasia from carcinoma. This model can be applied to any mouse treated with 4-NQO.
A Clustering Regression Approach to Explore the Heterogeneous Effects of Risk Factors Associated with Teen Driver Crash Severity
Authors: Hossain Md Mahmud , Zhou Huaguo , Sun Xiaoduan
Published: February 2023

Teen drivers remain one of the most long-standing traffic safety concerns, as they continue to be overrepresented in the fatal and injury crash statistics. No previous studies have explored significant variations in the effect of risk attributes contributing to teen driver collisions in multiple crash circumstances by degrees of crash severity. Therefore, substantial exploration of teen driver crashes is expected to facilitate the strategic employment of countermeasures effectively. This study aimed to analyze teen driver crashes to investigate the heterogeneous effect of contributing factors on crash severity outcomes. Three years (2017 to 2019) of police-investigated crash information was used for the state of Alabama. This research first applied latent class clustering to minimize the heterogeneity in the extracted dataset by dividing the data into meaningful clusters (subgroups of the whole data). Then, multinomial logit models were constructed to illustrate the significant risk factors influencing the severity outcomes in different crash scenarios. Marginal effects were computed to understand the impacts of variable categories better. The findings suggested that the significance and estimated impact of variables varied within clusters and between crash severity levels in the same cluster. The results of latent class segmented submodels represented real-world crash patterns demonstrating the cumulative effect of variable attributes. Such contextual understandings of underlying risk factors could help to strengthen existing teen driver educational interventions. In addition, the study outcomes could assist practitioners and policy makers in developing safety improvement strategies to reduce the causalities associated with teen driver crashes in distinct circumstances.
The Post-Keynesian Perspective and Policy Recommendations for the Greek Financial Crisis
Authors: Marangos John
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this article is to develop a post-Keynesian interpretation and viewpoint of the required policies associated with the Greek financial crisis. The Troika, inspired by the book After the Washington Consensus, and with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) acting in a leading role, embraced austerity in their disbursement of funds. The imposed conditionalities induced a deep recession, created an unfathomable challenge for Greece to meet the conditionalities year after year, and resulted in a sequence of failed adjustment programs, one after the other. Scholars, students, and policymakers of the global financial crisis and international development will benefit from these findings because the subject is of current interest and uses Greece as a case study to speak to the ongoing debates about the imposed recession as an antidote to the global financial crisis.

JEL Classification: B5, E60, E65
How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Young People’s Mental Health and Wellbeing in the UK: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pearcey Samantha , Burgess Lowrie , Shum Adrienne , Sajid Eshal , Sargent Milly , Klampe Marie-Louise , Lawrence Peter J. , Waite Polly
Published: February 2023

There is emerging evidence of the detrimental impact of the pandemic and associated restrictions on young people’s mental health in the UK, but to date, these data have been largely quantitative. The aim of the current study was to gain a deeper understanding of young people’s experiences in relation to their mental health and wellbeing during the pandemic. Seventeen young people, aged 11 to 16 years, sampled for diverse characteristics, and living in the UK, were interviewed virtually between December 2020 and February 2021. Reflexive thematic analysis was carried out by the research team, which included two young people, and five themes were developed: (1) positives; (2) worries and anxiety; (3) sadness and anger about losses; (4) mental exhaustion; and (5) support from others. Aspects of young people’s individual circumstances (e.g., pre-existing mental health difficulties, special educational needs, and neurodevelopmental disorders) appeared to play a role in their experiences. Continued measurement of young people’s mental health, initiatives to identify young people who have been struggling, and the provision of support (including evidence-based and accessible interventions) will be important for protecting young people from future adversities as we emerge from the pandemic.
Decolonial Feminism and Practices of Resistance to Sustain Life: Experiences of Women Social Workers Implementing Mental Health Programmes in Chile
Authors: Muñoz-Arce Gianinna , Duboy-Luengo Mitzi
Published: February 2023

Feminisms have had a significant impact on social work discussions in Latin America in recent decades. However, the gap between academic discussions and professional practice remains wide. Based on a qualitative study that included 69 semi-structured interviews with social workers in Chile, in this article, we focus the analysis on the experiences of women social workers implementing mental health programmes. These are women – professionals facing extremely precarious working conditions – who work with other women who, while below the poverty line, are users of state health policy. The findings suggest that in these highly precarious spaces, the division between professional and the user is blurred, producing what feminist philosopher María Lugones calls ‘liminal space’. Professionals and users establish alliances and practices of resistance from that liminal space to challenge the oppressions they experience. Drawing upon a decolonial feminist perspective, we identify challenges for social work such as problematising professional bonds, incorporating structural readings of precariousness and feminised resistance, and repositioning the value of frontline social workers’ and users’ knowledge. We can learn from these women's experiences that question the deepest foundations of colonial and patriarchal capitalism still present in training and professional practice.
Decomposing the Impact of Leadership Diversity Among Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Sessler Bernstein Ruth , Fredette Christopher
Published: February 2023

Our contribution lies in exploring loci and reach of leadership diversity’s influence on proximal and distal performance outcomes to understand how and where these can be mobilized. Our moderated-mediation modeling decomposes the direct, indirect, and interaction effects of demographic diversity among three types of focal actors in governance—Boards (gender-, age-, and ethno-racial variety), Board Chairs (gender and ethno-racial demography), Chief Executives (gender and ethno-racial demography)—on five factors reflecting functional and social dimensions of Board Performance and two dimensions of Organizational Performance. We demonstrate that the Board composition affects proximal board performance outcomes, whereas CEO demography is more related to distal organizational performance outcomes. Board Chairs, a less-examined aspect of nonprofit governing, stand out as bridging both proximal and distal outcomes, both directly and through their interactions with Board diversity and CEO demography.
Beyond the Dormitory Labour Regime: Comparing Chinese and Indian Workplace–Residence Systems as Strategies of Migrant Labour Control
Authors: Goodburn Charlotte , Mishra Soumya
Published: February 2023

This article explores two examples of worker housing in India, and compares these with China’s ‘dormitory labour regime’, arguing that these methods of labour accommodation are part of a broader, increasingly global, workplace-residence regime aimed at migrant labour control for the purposes of value extraction. Contrary to previous studies, it argues that China’s system is not unique, but part of the political economy of contemporary global capitalism. Although there exist historical and contextual variations between the two Indian case studies, drawn from the Delhi National Capital Region (NCR) garment sector and the Andhra Pradesh electronics industry, as well as between the Indian and Chinese contexts, the aims and many of the outcomes are similar. Moving beyond a focus on the country- and space-specific ‘dormitory labour regime’ facilitates a broader understanding of the crucial role contemporary workplace-residence systems play in enhancing control of migrant labour for the benefit of global accumulation networks.
Analysis of load and stress distribution of a bolted joint composite plate
Authors: Yang Yang , Liu Wenguang , Gong Mingguang , Zhang Gongping
Published: February 2023

The determination of the load distribution between bolts is a crucial step in predicting the failure of bolted joints. In this paper, the purpose is to investigate the effects of stacking sequence on the load distribution and the stress distribution around hole of a double lapped and three bolted joint composite plate with shearing force. The accuracy and reliability of the finite elements model was verified by the spring method results and test results at first. Subsequently, the load distribution among bolts and the stress distribution around hole of six structural combinations of two stacking sequence composites were studied. Results indicate that the load distribution ratio of the sequential structure is more even than that of the symmetrical structure. And the symmetrical stacking structure can bear greater stress than that of the sequential stacking structure, which is about three times that of sequential stacking structure. As the external loading increases, the hole-edge stress is relatively stable at ±45° layer, while the hole-edge stress of the orthogonal layer is varied and occurs damage failure at 90° around the hole.
Fatigue analysis of coil springs in the primary suspension of a railway vehicle based on synthetic spectrum for time-varying vibration load
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Zhou Jinsong , Sun Wenjing , Thompson David , Zhang Zhanfei , Wang Qiushi
Published: February 2023

The fatigue life of coil springs is usually predicted with a stationary Gaussian vibration load and deterministic structural parameters. However, the obtained fatigue life is inconsistent with the observed fatigue life of fractured springs which varies within a wide range. The work aims to propose a method to predict the fatigue life of the coil spring by considering the time-varying vibration load, i.e., root mean square (rms) varies with time and the uncertainties of geometric parameters. First, a synthetic method for time-varying vibration loads is proposed. The time-varying load is decomposed into multiple stationary Gaussian short samples represented by their power spectral density (PSD). These PSDs are synthesized according to the distribution characteristics of spectral values, in which data that are non-Gaussian are processed with the Johnson system. Second, the influence of parameter uncertainties in the coil spring is studied by a Monte Carlo analysis of the stress frequency response function. Finally, the fatigue life is calculated and compared with the results predicted by using the measured stress. The results show that the synthetic spectrum has almost the same damage potential as the measured time-varying load. In comparison with results predicted from the measured stress, the synthetic spectrum gives much better estimates of the fatigue life of the coil spring than the average spectrum. Parameter uncertainties of coil springs significantly affect fatigue life and should be taken into account.
A generalized three-dimensional cooperative guidance law for various communication topologies with field-of-view constraint
Authors: Kang Honglong , Wang Pengyu , Song Shenmin
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a generalized three-dimensional (3D) cooperative guidance law with seeker’s field-of-view (FOV) constraints is designed for multiple missiles to achieve salvo attack against a stationary target. The proposed generalized guidance law is composed of two parts: a proportional navigation guidance (PNG) component for target capture and a biased feedback component for simultaneous arrival. Two novel auxiliary functions are integrated into the biased feedback component to guarantee the satisfaction of FOV constraint. Furthermore, a time-varying lower bound that contains the impact time error is utilized to avoid the guidance command singularity. The proposed guidance law can be easily applied to various missile communication topologies, including centralized connected, distributed connected, and no-connected topologies. The convergence of impact time error, FOV constraint satisfaction, and command non-singularity of the proposed guidance law are theoretically analyzed and proved. Extensive numerical simulations with comparative studies are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed guidance law.
Book review: Kareem Khubchandani, Ishtyle: Accenting Gay Indian Nightlife
Authors: Krishnamurthy Mathangi
Published: February 2023

Kareem Khubchandani, Ishtyle: Accenting Gay Indian Nightlife. University of Michigan Press, 2020, 262 pp., $34.95. ISBN: 9780472074213.