bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Performance and Body Composition of Acrobatics and Tumbling Athletes
Authors: Richmond Priscilla , A. Kiefer Kristi , Santos Julia
Published: May 2022

Balance and equilibrium are critical components of performance execution in Acrobatics and Tumbling (A&T). Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify if body composition affects the balance and equilibrium of Acrobatics and Tumbling athletes in Division II.  Body mass index (BMI), fat, and skeletal muscle percentage of top and base A&T athletes from Fairmont State University were assessed using an impedance device (InBody 570). Equilibrium was measured by the time holding a handstand in seconds. Results were compared between top and base positions by independent t-test, and associations between variables were tested by Pearson correlation. BMI and fat percentage were higher in base athletes when compared to tops, whereas the percentage of skeletal muscle was higher in tops (p˂0.05). When associating equilibrium in seconds with the variables, skeletal muscle mass was positively associated with equilibrium (r=0.46, p˂0.05), and the percentage of fat was negatively associated (r=-0.47 p˂0.05). There was no association between BMI and the equilibrium test. Thus, strategies to increment skeletal muscle mass and the decrease of body fat could be an important asset to improve the equilibrium and balance of A&T athletes thus improving performance.
ÇOK KRİTERLİ KARAR VERME YÖNTEMLERİ ÜZERİNE LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ
Authors: DALBUDAK Eda , RENÇBER Ömer Faruk
Published: May 2022

Bu çalışmada, literatürde yer alan çok kriterli karar verme yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı bazı çalışmaların incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, çok kriterli karar verme teknikleri konusunda 2006-2020 yılları arasını kapsayan, 9 tanesi benzer çalışmalarda geçen literatür incelemeleri olmak üzere toplamda 47 adet çalışma incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmaları yıllara göre gruplandırarak, yöntemlerin kullanım oranlarına bakılmıştır.
Genel olarak çalışmalar, yıllar düzeyinde 5 gruba ayrılmış ve her bir grup içerisinde farklı sayılarda çalışma incelenmiştir. Çok kriterli karar vermeyle ilgili, 2006-2008 yılları arasında 4; 2009-2011 yılları arasında 12; 2012-2014 yılları arasında 14; 2015-2017 yılları arasında 11 makale ve son olarak 2018-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanan 6 makale incelenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; en çok kullanılan yöntemin TOPSIS olduğu, AHP, PROMETHEE, TOPSIS ve VIKOR yöntemlerinin incelenen her yıl grubunda çalışmalarına rastlanarak en popüler yöntemler oldukları bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır.
PENGEMBANGAN BUKU CERITA BERKARAKTER UNTUK MENUMBUHKAN NILAI-NILAI PEDULI SOSIAL DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS TINGGI
Authors: Sofiardi Indama , Wardhani Intan Susetyo Kusuma , William Nanda
Published: May 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengembangkan buku cerita berkarakter serta menguji keefektifan media tersebut pada kelas lima di sekolah dasar. Metode dan jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah ADDIE. Sampel yang dipilih dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel dengan teknik non probability sampling dengan purposive sampling. Subjek yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas tiga SDN 2 Sengon. Sedangkan instrumen yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini diantaranya adalah tes, angket, observasi, dan wawancara. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis data kuantitatif dan analisis data kualitatif. Untuk menghitung nilai pada data kuantitatif yakni menggunakan independent sample t-test dengan bantuan software SPSS 25.0. Hasil penelitian pengembangan menunjukkan buku cerita berkarakter valid dan efektif untuk meningkatkan pemahaman materi pendidikan karakter peduli sosial dan tanggung jawab kelas lima di sekolah dasar. Hal ini ditunjukkan berdasarkan hasil uji satu sampel bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengaruh pemahaman materi pendidikan karakter peduli sosial dan tanggung jawab sesudah penggunaan media buku cerita pada siswa kelas lima sekolah dasar dengan menggunakan nilai hasil posttest. Hasil rata-rata nilai posttest adalah76,35 dengan nilai tertinggi 92,5 dan nilai terendah 50. Peneliti dapat menyimpulkan media efektif digunakan karena lebih dari 80% siswa kelas V saat melaksanakan uji posttest mendapatkan nilai diatas KKM yang sudah ditentukan. Hasil uji hipotesis menggunakan uji One Sample t-test dengan bantuan statistik SPSS 25.0 dengan hasil Sig. (2-tailed) 0,041 lebih kecil dari < 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ho ditolak yang berarti media buku cerita berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa sekolah dasar kelas V.
Multidisciplinary approach for rehabilitation of debilitated anterior tooth – A Clinical case report
Authors: K Byju Paul , PD Jinsa , A Majo , T Linta , R Saranya , AA Anu
Published: May 2022

The success of endodontically treated teeth requires an effective coronal seal, protection of the remaining tooth structure to restore function and acceptable aesthetics. A post retained crown can be one of restorative option for this kind of teeth. The retention and resistance of post retained restorations can be achieved through ferrule effect, interlocking devices and grooves. This case report depicts the effect of ferrule, post system and length on biomechanical stability of endodontically treated fractured anterior teeth
PANDEMIC AS A CATALYST FOR DIGITAL PROCESSES IN ART
Authors:   Kazakh National Academy of Choreography, Tarlanov Olzhas
Published: May 2022

This scientific article analyzes the question of how technological progress affects art in general, and choreography in particular. Based on the material of the scientific discussion that took shape within the framework of the Round Table "Modern trends in the development of choreographic education", held in 2021 as part of the II International Festival of Professional Choreographic Educational Institutions "Temps lié", the author shows the birth of a new understanding of digitalization in the art of choreography
Analisis Tingkat Kemiskinan Petani Kelapa Sawit Di Kampung Yamara Kabupaten Keerom
Authors: Hafizrianda Yundi , Hidayat Rahmad , Purwadi Marsi Adi , Kbarek Maria
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemiskinan petani kelapa sawit dikampung yamara kabupaten keerom. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik koesioner, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Adapun informan penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 orang masyarakat petani kelapa sawit di kampung yamara kabupaten keerom. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis Deskriptif. Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat konsumsi rumah tangga masyarakat petani kelapa sawit dikampung yamara lebih tinggi dibandingkan pendapatan yang di dapat oleh masyarakat petani kelapa sawit karena rendahnya pendidikan, dan murahnya harga kelapa sawit pertonya. Peneliti mendapatkan dari informas-informasi yang beredar, dankesimpulan yang di dapat setelah dilakukannya penelitian ini. Hasil akhir dari proses peneliti ini dapat dijadikan bahan evaluasi bagi pemerintah agar dapat memperhatikan masyarakat petani kelapa sawit dikampung yamara kabupaten keerom agar guna masyarakat hidup dengan layak.Kata Kunci: Petani Kelapa Sawit, Tingkat Kemiskinan
Analisis Elastisitas Dan Daya Serap Tenaga Kerja Sektor Industri Kecil Di Provinsi Papua
Authors: Marey Dominggus , Kreuta Balthazar , Kaimudin Fajril A. , Hafizrianda Yundy
Published: May 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar daya serap tenaga keja industri kecil terhadap tenega kerja Provinsi Papua dan seberapa besar elastisitas tenaga kerja sektor industri kecil terhadap perluasan kesempatan kerja di Provinsi Papua. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan dalam penelitian ini yakni menggunkkan teknik analisis daya serap serta laju pertumbuhan tenaga kerja dan nilai produksi industri kecil. kemudian untuk mengetahui rata – rata elastisitas tenaga kerja sektor industri kecil di Provinsi Papua mengunakan model analisi regresi sederhana dengan metode kuadrat terkecil (Ordinal Least Square). Model regresi sederhana yang dipergunakan untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara nilai produksi industri kecil terhadap perluassan kesempatan kerja di Provinsi Papua berdasarkan pada fungsi Cobb-Douglas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata – rata daya serap tenaga kerja sektor industri kecil selama sembilan belas tahun sebesar 1,48 persen. Rata-rata pertumbuhan tenaga kerja industri kecil tahun pada 1997-2016 di provinsi Papua sebesar 2 persen. Rata- rata pertumbuhan produksi pada tahun 1997-2016 industri kecil di Provinsi Papua sebesar 4 persen. Besar elastisitas kesempatan kerja sektor industri kecil di Provinsi Papua selama kurun waktu 1997 – 2016 dalam regresi adalah 0,508. Dengan demikian dapat digeneresasikan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi yang didindikatorkan dengan melalui perkembangan nilai produksi industri kecil memiliki pengaruh positif dan cukup signifikan terhadap peningkatan kesempatan kerja di sektor industri kecil. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitasnya sebesar 0,508, sektor ini memiliki sifat yang inelastis, artinya setiap perubahan atau kenaikan pada total produksi industri kecil sebesar 1 persen, ceteris paribus, maka akan mendorong peningkatkan kesempatan kerja pada sektor industri kecil hanya sebesar 0,508 persen. Dengan kata lain industri kecil di Provinsi Papua terjadi skala hasil yang meningkat (decreasing retun to scale) dimana kenaikan output industri kecil memiliki proporsi yang lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penambahan input. Kata Kunci: Daya Serap, Elastisitas, Tenaga Kerja, Sektor Industri
Analisis geokimia unsur penyusun batugamping Formasi Wapulaka, Desa Oempu, Kecamatan Tongkuno, Kabupaten Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Asmawati Asmawati , Hasria Hasria , Asfar Suryawan
Published: May 2022

Daerah penelitian terletak di desa Oempu, Kecamatan Tongkuno, Kabupaten Muna, Provinsis Sulawesi Tenggara. Tujuan penelitian adalah bagaimana jenis batugamping berdasarkan klasifikasi (Dunham 1962), bagaimana kandungan unsur penyusun batugamping dan bagaimana pemanfaatan batugamping berdasarkan kandungan unsur dengan menggunakan metode XRF. Berdasarkan karakteristik fisik dan biota yang dikandungnya maka batugamping Formasi Wapulaka dapat dikelompokkan menjadi Wackstone, Packstone dan Mudstone (Dunham 1962). Unsur kimia dari batugamping diperoleh dengan cara uji XRF pada sampel batugamping yang digunakan sehingga diperoleh kandungan unsur. Pemanfaatan batugamping di daerah penelitian dapat dipergunakan untuk bahan dasar industri, antara lain : bahan baku industri gelas, pembuatan soda abu, bahan dalam industri gula, dan bahan baku pembuatan karbit.
Keanekaragaman geologi Teluk Lasongko dan sekitarnya Kabupaten Buton Tengah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Farhan Laode Muhammad , Muliddin Muliddin , Asfar Suryawan
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini terletak di daerah Lasongko, Kecamatan Lakudo Kabupaten Buton Tengah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Daerah penelitian termasuk dalam Formasi Wapulaka yang tersusun atas batugamping berumur kuarter. Geologi Teluk Lasongko berpotensi menjadi objek pengembangan kawasan geowisata dengan strategi pengembangan yang tepat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis geomorfologi dengan mengkaji satuan bentang alam, bentukan lahan serta bentuk bentang alam lainya. Kondisi geologi daerah penelitian berupa perbukitan karst, dan pedataran karst, dan keterdapatn gua speleoterm. Pada Gua Mone terdapat stalakmit, stalaktit, dan pilar. Litologi yang dijumpai berupa wackestone pada geosite Kampolele, Pantai Lasongko, Moko dan Mone sedangkan packstone terdapat pada geosite Matawine, dan terdapat paparan terumbu serta alluvium yang tersebar sepanjang Teluk Lasongko sehingga dapat diusulkan sebagai kawasan geowisata. Strategi pengembangan geowisata daerah penelitian antara lain dilakukannya studi kelayakan, pengusulan kawasan geoheritage, dan kawasan konservasi geologi dilanjutkan dengan sosialisasi, edukasi dan promosi
Eswatini’s formidable task of fighting against COVID-19
Authors: Diluxe Mutale , Duga Alemayehu Lelisa , Girinshuti Gilbert , Ahmadi Attaullah , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo
Published: May 2022

Not available.
Challenges in providing end-of-life care to patients dying with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Mehmood Qasim
Published: May 2022

Not available.
Understanding female condom use, acceptance, accessibility, awareness and knowledge among female public health students in a Nigerian university: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Oke Gabriel , Adebisi Yusuff Adebayo , Arinola Olarewaju Obafemi , Agboola Progress , Abosede Ilesanmi Esther , Iordepuun Micheal Alumuku , Ahmadi Attaullah , Lucero-Prisno III Don Eliseo
Published: May 2022

Background: The female condom is both a means of mechanical contraception and protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unwed pregnancies. The use and uptake of female condoms have been advocated as one of the safest ways to halt the risk of unplanned/unwanted pregnancies and STIs including HIV. Our study aimed to explore the knowledge, awareness, utilization, acceptance and accessibility of FC among female public health students in a Nigerian University.
Methods: One hundred and ninety (190) female public health students took part in the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data between August and December 2019. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23.
Results: Overall percentage awareness of female condoms usage in this study was 52.0%. Less than a quarter (22.4%) reported having seen a pack of female condoms, while the remaining 77.6% of the participants reported having never seen a pack of female condoms. In addition, the majority (87.4%) of the respondents did not know whether a female condom interferes with sexual pleasure/sensation. The majority of the respondents (77.4%) concurred that utilizing a female condom implies that "I don't trust my partner". Concerning accessibility of the female condom, only 1.8% agreed that FC is easily accessible while more than half (54.2%) are uncertain of the accessibility.
Conclusion: Our study revealed a low level of knowledge and utilization of female condoms, and also limited access to the female condom as well as unsatisfactory acceptance and suboptimal awareness level which were suggested by the overall percentages in the study.
The ethical issues in COVID-19 vaccine distribution: A major public health challenge
Authors: Mehmood Qasim , Hashim Hashim Talib , Qais Zanyar , Ramadhan Mustafa Ahmed , Varney Joseph
Published: May 2022

Not available.
Nachhaltiger Konsum im Bereich Kleidung
Authors: Arslan Lamia
Published: May 2022

In the context of the sustainability discussion, the consumption of sustainable clothing is becoming increasingly important. This paper uses empirical methods to show that a positive attitude, a high perception of moral obligation and a high self-identity explain the purchase of sustainable clothing. The discrepancy between attitude and behaviour that is often found in the literature is not confirmed. Fashion trend awareness, on the other hand, weakens the connection between attitude and purchase intention.

The second part of the study shows that sustainable criteria in the form of eco-labels or Fairtrade labels are attractive to consumers. Finally, it gives recommendations for the marketing of sustainable clothing.
NanoBioSensors: From Electrochemical Sensors Improvement to Theranostic Applications
Authors: C.A. Silva Anielle , A. Alvin Eliete , S. de Jesus Lais , C.L. de França Caio , P.G. da Silva Marílya , L. Lins Samaysa , Meneses Diógenes , R. Lemes Marcela , O. Guerra Rhanoica , V. da Silva Marcos , J.F. de Oliveira Carlo , Rodrigues Junior Virmondes , M. Etchebehere Renata , C. de Abreu Fabiane , G. Lucca Bruno , A.L. Pereira Sanívia , C. Rosa Rodrigo , O. Dantas Noelio
Published: May 2022

This chapter comments on the advantages of nanobiosensors using nanocrystals in improving electrochemical sensors’ response and their use as theragnostic tools in biomedical applications. The use of nanomaterials to modify electrochemical sensors’ surfaces to increase these devices’ sensitivity and their bio-functionality enables high-quality nanotechnological platforms. Thus, graphene nanostructures and CdSe/CdS magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) were shown to improve biosensor’s sensitivity. In addition, the use of CdSe/CdS MSQDs and cobalt ferrite nanocrystals (NCs) as potential tools for drug delivery systems and biocompatible titanium dioxide NCs in osseointegration processes and their bio-location are also demonstrated. So, this chapter shows some impressive results on which the group has been working regarding the applications of nanocrystals to electrochemical sensors and theranostic applications.
Wind Power Forecasting Models
Authors: Raafat Maamoun Shouman Enas
Published: May 2022

The rising costs and undesirable environmental effects of traditional, nonrenewable energy sources have led to increased research regarding the viability of renewable energy sources. Wind has been the fastest-growing source of electricity generation in the world since the 1990s. One of the primary limiting constraints of wind energy is its reliability and there is no cost-effective mechanism for storing wind energy generated by a wind turbine, thus it must be quickly integrated into the electrical grid. The financial implications of wind forecasting are also of great consequence. A 1% error in forecasted wind speeds can result in a loss of $12,000,000 during the facility’s life time. As more wind power is incorporated into electricity markets, the capacity to correctly and precisely estimate wind speeds has become increasingly vital. Hence, the importance of this chapter by addressing the different divisions related to wind speed prediction into two overall groups. The first group is based upon analysis of historical time series of wind energy forecasting explanatory variables which are generated from a meteorological model of wind dynamics and the second uses forecasted values from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model as an input to utilize a statistical approach to anticipate energy predication.
Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Andrés Crespo Reinoso Pablo , Ruiz Delgado Emilio , Jerez Robalino James
Published: May 2022

Biomechanics is the study of mechanics applied to living beings, it analyzes loads, stress, tension, movement, size, shape, and structure of the body. The temporomandibular joint in physiological states is subject to the interaction of various bone (jaw and temporal), nervous, cartilaginous, and muscular components. When there is an alteration in any of the components, normal biomechanics are affected. Knowing in detail how each element works individually and is essential for the diagnosis and treatment of the different pathologies of the temporomandibular joint. The reconstructive procedures must carefully assess all these factors to achieve long-term success. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the temporomandibular joint encompassing anatomy, physiology with a biomechanical approach for its diagnosis and treatment.
How Do Extraction Methods and Biotechnology Influence Our Understanding and Usages of Ginsenosides?: A Critical View and Perspectives
Authors: Hano Christophe , Tungmunnithum Duangjai , Drouet Samantha , Addi Mohamed , Gantait Saikat , Chen Jen-Tsung
Published: May 2022

Ginseng saponins, aka ginsenosides, are bioactive phytochemicals from Panax species. Panax comes from the Greek word “panakos,” which means “cure-all.” Owing to their involvement in the creation of numerous medications and nutritional supplements, ginseng saponins play an essential part, especially in the pharmaceutical sector. The main ginsenosides (i.e., Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd and Rf) are extracted using a variety of extraction methods, although from a limited number of Panax species. However, more than ca 1000 unique ginsenosides and 18 Panax species have been reported so far, thus demonstrating our present challenge in better understanding of the potential medicinal uses of these compounds. Moreover, ginsenoside production and extraction methods are both time-consuming and inefficient, which has stimulated the development of several efficient extraction and biotechnological technologies to speed up these processes. In this chapter, we highlighted the need to expand the cutting-edge research approaches involving these unique ginsenosides to better understand their biological activities and discover new bioactive ginsenosides as well. The main objective of this chapter is to discuss the undiscovered aspects and limitations of the current biotechnological and extraction technologies, eventually to provide a platform for the production of these unique ginsenosides.
Involvement of the Purinergic System in Cell Death in Models of Retinopathies
Authors: Penaforte Cruz Douglas , Garcia Repossi Marinna , Fragel Madeira Lucianne
Published: May 2022

Literature data demonstrate already that the presence of adenine nucleotides in the extracellular environment induces cell death that leads to several retinopathies. As said, the objective is to carry out a systematized review of the last decade, relating purinergic signaling to the outcome of cell death and retinopathies. It is possible to identify different mechanisms that occur through the activation of purinergic receptors. The exacerbated activation of the P2X7 receptor is mainly involved in the apoptotic death pathway, and this response is due to the dysregulation of some components in the intracellular environment, such as the Ca2+ ion, CD40, MiR-187, and influence of mononuclear macrophages. The A2A receptor is involved in increasing levels of cytokines and promoting inflammatory processes. The data presented can be used as a basis to better understand the mechanisms of death in retinopathies, in addition to proposing therapeutic strategies with the potential to be transposed to several other models.
Why Knowledge Sharing Increases Well-Being – The Case of Adult Fans of LEGO
Authors: Aoki Kei
Published: May 2022

Since 2020, we have faced drastic changes in our lives due to the pandemic. This caused a big paradigm shift in working styles. Parallel careers or multiple jobs are getting more common, and people are ascertaining their own competencies. The utilization of personal knowledge will continue to accelerate and this study sheds light on its societal value; the other side of sharing economy. Aoki (2021) revealed that participation in knowledge sharing has a significant positive impact on contributors’ well-being. Those findings are more pertinent as utilization of personal knowledge increases under the ongoing paradigm shift in work style, and the expansion of C-to-C business. However, the reason for the correlation between knowledge sharing and well-being has not been identified. Thus, this study explores this issue by carefully examining knowledge-sharing contributors and their experiences. Finally, this study finds that contributors increased their well-being by deepening their knowledge and experience via competitive co-creation. Furthermore, their concerns shifted towards passing on their knowledge and experience to the next generation. Stakeholders of this study’s results are those who utilize personal knowledge. For example, policymakers who wish to shed light on people with hidden potential, managers of knowledge-sharing platforms, such as crowdsourcing, marketing managers who collaborate with consumers, employers who wish to motivate their employees, and so on.
Impact of Noise Pollution during Covid-19: A Case Study of Balasore, Odisha
Authors: Kumar Swain Bijay , Prasad Das Chidananda , Goswami Shreerup
Published: May 2022

Activities such as development of industrialisation, urbanisation is a part of our life in the present scenario. During this phase we face a lot of health issues due to noise pollution. Growing of vehicle traffic is one of the major causes towards noise pollution and it affects significantly on the environment. The impact of such pollution had been assessed in 20 major squares (Commercial, residential and silence area) of the Balasore town during and after lockdown imposition of Covid-19. During lockdown period, the noise level of the town was within the permissible limit set by CPCB while before and after lockdown period it was beyond the permissible limit. The demographics and psychophysiological (annoyance, sleeping problem, tiredness, headache, and depression) responses of the participants were collected using standard questionnaires. It was also observed that there were better health conditions among the public (150 participated in the questionnaire) during the lockdown period, then before and after the lockdown phase. It was revealed that socio-demographic factors have no effects on the annoyance level.
Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence in Therapeutics and Drug Development Life Cycle
Authors: Borkotoky Subhomoi , Joshi Amit , Kaushik Vikas , Nath Jha Anupam
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the pharmaceutical business has seen a considerable increase in data digitization. With digitization, however, comes the challenge of obtaining, analyzing, and applying knowledge to solve complex clinical problems. Artificial intelligence (AI), which entails a variety of advanced tools and networks that can mimic human intellect, can overcome such challenges with traditional pharmaceutical development. Artificial intelligence and machine learning have a vast role in therapeutic development, including the prediction of drug target and properties of small molecules. By predicting the 3D protein structure, AI techniques, such as Alpha Fold, can help with structure-based drug development. Machine learning algorithms have been utilized to anticipate the properties of small molecules based on their chemical structure. Many researches have shown the importance of using in silico predictive ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) models to speed up the discovery of small compounds with enhanced efficacy, safety, and dosage. This chapter discusses various roles of these methods in the development of effective therapeutics.
New insights gained from museum collections: new deep-sea species of Typhlotanais (Tanaidacea, Typhlotanaidae) from Brazil
Authors: Segadilha Juliana L. , Serejo Cristiana S.
Published: May 2022

Benthic samples collected along the Brazilian central continental margin from Espírito Santo State to Rio de Janeiro State (19° S to 24° S) during the last 20 years and at depths of 50–2200 m yielded the description of six new species of Typhlotanais in the deep-sea (> 200 m): Typhlotanais andradeorum sp. nov., T. bolarticulus sp. nov., T. ischnochela sp. nov., T. longiseta sp. nov., T. priscilae sp. nov. and T. spinibasis sp. nov. Within these species, we found members of four Typhlotanais morpho-groups as ‘cornutus’ group, ‘greenwichensis’ group, ‘spinicauda’ and ‘trispinosus’ group. Typhlotanais ischnochela sp. nov. exhibited the greatest bathymetric range, occurring from the continental shelf until the lower slope (46–1898.7 m depth). The bathymetric distribution of the other five species of Typhlotanais herein described were restricted to the slope. Tables of diagnostic characters of the Typhlotanais morpho-groups and an identification key to the species of Typhlotanaidae found in Brazil are provided. This work brings the total number of Tanaidacea known for Brazilian coast to 64 species, and the family Typhlotanaidae from Brazil is now represented by 11 species in five known genera.
Authorial and Confessional Identity: The Trial of Jean Fontanier (1621)
Authors: Horsley Adam
Published: May 2022

In 1621, Fontanier’s spiritual inquisitiveness led him to death at the stake at the hands of the Parlement de Paris. Fontanier had been found guilty of writing a text designed to convert Catholics to Judaism, potentially in collaboration with the well-known Montalto family, which he had then dictated to students at his home. Chapter 4 is the first study of Fontanier in English. It outlines his known biography before using extant sources to reconstruct his lost text: the Trésor inestimable. It then shows how the presiding magistrate at his appeal hearing, Nicolas de Bellièvre, used a forensic linguistic approach to determine that Fontanier was indeed the author of the offending text. Beyond this literary concern, the judges contended with the more delicate legal question of the status of Jews teaching their faith in France, which is explored in a dedicated section of this chapter. Having revealed how Fontanier’s potential collaborators were linked to the royal court at the Louvre, it ends with an evaluation of Fontanier’s and Bellièvre’s strategies at trial, and offers a close reading of archival sources (including Bellièvre’s private memoirs) to suggest an alternative scenario for Fontanier’s likely conversion.
A Last Stand: The Trial of Théophile de Viau (1623–25)
Authors: Horsley Adam
Published: May 2022

Chapter 5 considers arguably the most famous of libertine author trials. Following the publication of an obscene poem in which the poet vows to commit sodomy, Théophile de Viau stood trial for impiety and blasphemy. The conspiracies against Théophile by the Jesuit François Garasse, and the senior magistrate Mathieu Molé, are well-known. This chapter is however the first study to explore the roles, identities, and ideological sympathies of the poet’s judges. Using several new archival discoveries, it outlines Molé’s reading of Théophile’s texts in order to propose that the defendant was first interrogated predominantly as a philosopher poet rather than a purveyor of obscenities. This hypothesis is substantiated with a study of the hitherto neglected focus on distinctions between imitation and translation in the trial records. The chapter then evaluates the strategies of the poet, his judges, and witnesses, and reveals the lost testimony of the poet’s own servant as well as Molé’s forgotten closing statement on the case. It concludes by suggesting how certain individual judges may have voted, and reflects on the consequences of Théophile’s ordeal for the literary world as well as his relationship to his own texts.
Representing Homelessness in British Newspapers: A Contemporary Consideration
Authors: Foster Juliet
Published: May 2022

From a social psychological perspective, the media plays an important role in both reflecting existing ideas and understanding of issues within society and influencing and developing those ideas. This may be of particular relevance at times of controversy, when meanings become foregrounded and contested. Existing studies suggest that the British media has always been fertile ground for discussions of homelessness, with a long history of binary presentations based on deserving/undeserving, acceptable/unacceptable and so on. Otherness and criminality are strong themes throughout, as is a significant seasonal focus to particular stories. This chapter details a recent study examining all articles that appeared in six British newspapers in May and November 2018. The newspapers were chosen to represent both tabloid and broadsheet and left- and right-wing perspectives. Unlike many previous studies, results suggested a concern with the broader structural issues involved in homelessness rather than an over-emphasis on individual stories. However, on a more implicit level, continued associations with crime and with immigration suggested that the ‘Otherness’ of homelessness was maintained in many of these articles. This ‘Otherness’ was developed through comparison with the charitable, socially acceptable self.
My Experiences of Homelessness
Authors: Forshaw Emma
Published: May 2022

In this chapter I will talk about my experiences as a homeless girl and adult woman, and my struggles to get authorities to take my situation seriously. I also talk about my feelings surrounding my own experience of homelessness, the stigmatisation I felt while homeless, as well as the lack of representation and advocacy available for homeless persons. I was unlucky enough to be a care leaver and the stigma of this was compounded by my homelessness. I also talk about my adult experience of exclusion at the hands of the housing system and my recommendation of training in relation to policy implementation. Lastly, I will talk about my opinions surrounding events aimed at raising awareness to homelessness like sponsored sleep outs and how this can downplay and diminish the suffering and real-life experiences of those who sleep rough or are homeless long term.
Conclusion
Authors: Clayton Owen
Published: May 2022

The conclusion draws together the varied strands of research presented in this British Academy volume and considers their implications for Homelessness Studies and, more importantly, for the struggle to end homelessness. It considers the impact of multidisciplinarity and calls for greater cross-fertilisation of research methods and findings. It also calls for a centring of storytelling, involving both representation and self-representation, in attempts to end and prevent homelessness. The conclusion advocates for structural changes to organisations to include significant, permanent membership by people with experience of homelessness.
Andalusian Hebrew Poems on the Soul and their Afterlife
Authors: Tanenbaum Adena
Published: May 2022

The Neoplatonic idea of the soul and its odyssey occupied a place of paramount importance in a new type of Andalusian Hebrew devotional and contemplative poetry that emerged in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Poets accomplished in the secular sciences as well as in classical Jewish scholarship infused the ancient, native Jewish tradition of synagogue poetry with contemplative themes drawn from the Arabic philosophical canon. The new poems reflect an unprecedented awareness of the individ-ual’s spiritual quest and eschatological expectations and, at times, reveal unorthodox layers of meaning. This paper focuses on adaptations of the genre by the sixteenth-century Yemenite poet, exegete, and religious scholar, Zechariah Alḍāhirī, whose writings are informed by Neoplatonic and Maimonidean (Aristotelian) thought as well as by theosophical notions drawn from classical kabbalah. It explores his Kabbalistic poem that made its way into the Yemenite prayer-book, as well as entertaining uses of the Andalusian poems in his picaresque maqāma, Sefer hamusar (Book of Moral Instruction).
The Christian Neoplatonism of Francisco de Aldana in the Carta para Arias Montano
Authors: O’Reilly Terence
Published: May 2022

The verse epistle that Francisco de Aldana addressed in 1577 to his humanist friend, Benito Arias Montano, has been described as ‘one of the greatest poetic meditations’ in the Spanish language (Arthur Terry). Its subject is Aldana’s resolve to withdraw from his career as a soldier and to embark instead on a contemplative life in Montano’s company. The details of the life he has in mind, and the experience of contemplation to which he aspires, are described in Neoplatonic terms. Aldana was raised in Florence, where he became familiar with the writings of the Florentine Neoplatonists, including those of Marsilio Ficino. This chapter examines the poem’s Neoplatonic themes, imagery, and sources.
Eroticism of the Infinite: Neoplatonism, Kabbalism and Sufism in the Work of José Ángel Valente
Authors: Rodríguez Fer Claudio
Published: May 2022

Valente's openness towards mysticism directed his poetry and essays to the search for, and the discovery of, universals of being that demonstrated, as the author himself said, ‘the existence of homogeneous structures in the phenomenon of mysticism, whatever their time and place. Certain extreme experiences tend towards analogous forms of language (or of the suspension of language) and towards analogous forms of symbolism’. This occurs especially in the expression of eroticism, as he would try to show. Starting from this point, Valente's creative work and essays became an intercultural space where both diachronically and synchronically Platonism, Neoplatonism, Christian mysticism, the Kabbalah, and Sufism can be found together. Valente also valued many diverse traditions, appreciating ‘poetic as much as religious experience’ in them, but distinguishing between ‘both experiences which we can respectively call the order of the literary and the order of the ecclesiastical’; however, he feels very alien to any formality and orthodoxy.
Accountability for Volkswagen’s Role in the Brazilian Dictatorship
Authors: Amorim Felipe Colla de , Sion Vitor , Machado Rodolfo
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes and analyzes the truth trial against Volkswagen for its role in the detention, torture, and disappearance of workers during the Brazilian dictatorship (1964-1985). This chapter uses the Archimedes’ Lever model to trace the evolution of the corporate accountability process since the country's democratization, through the establishment of the National Truth Commission (CNV), up to the negotiations between the company, the workers, and the Public Prosecutor’s Office (MPF) that reached an agreement in 2020. This case has seen mobilisation from unions and institutional innovators pushing for accountability, as well as a certain level of cooperation from the company, but it also faces strong veto players and a change in context with the election of Jair Bolsonaro as president in 2018. We conclude with notions of what the Volkswagen case has to offer to understand corporate accountability and transitional justice, and the enormous hurdles it faces in achieving those goals.
Transitional Justice and Economic Crimes: Innovative Approaches from South Africa
Authors: Vuuren Hennie Van , Marchant Michael
Published: May 2022

It is urgent to consider how the tools of transitional justice can tackle economic crimes and hold corporations accountable for their complicity in the crimes, economic and otherwise, of autocratic regimes. This chapter explores three innovative ways in which civil society in South Africa has shone a light on apartheid economic crimes, providing renewed opportunities for accountability and truth-telling about corporate accomplices. The first is the People’s Tribunal on Economic Crime, a unique initiative led by a civil society coalition that uses public quasi-judicial hearings to gather evidence of economic crimes in South Africa and advocate for accountability. The second is a complaint lodged by two civil society organisations, Open Secrets and the Centre for Applied Legal Studies, with the OECD in terms of that organisation’s Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Finally, the chapter considers a detailed memorandum submitted by Open Secrets to South Africa’s National Prosecuting Authority in 2020, that provides a basis for the criminal prosecution of banks that aided and abetted the crime of apartheid. The chapter uses the Archimedes’ Lever model to explore the role of mobilisation, innovators, veto power and context in the South African experience with innovative paths to accountability.
Complicity of Companies in Chile’s Current Human Rights Crisis
Authors: Fernández Karinna , Smart Sebastián
Published: May 2022

The chapter examines the role of the private sector in the human rights violations that occurred during the 2019 Chilean social protests. It discusses corporate involvement, the role of courts in accountability efforts, the most effective legal framework, and the legal obstacles. The chapter contributes to understanding the legal opportunities and challenges that civil society mobilisation and legal innovators face to overcome the force of veto players in current corporate accountability affairs. The chapter first lays out the human rights standards applicable to private actors in Chile in particular. It uses international human rights standards, comparative law, and Chilean legislation to establish private actors’ specific human rights obligations. The second part uses studies on transitional justice and corporate complicity in order to map the patterns of business involvement in current human rights violations. This empirical section draws on qualitative research to investigate how economic actors from different sectors have participated in the human rights crisis. The third part applies the legal standards examined in the first section of the chapter to the patterns of behaviour observed in the second section. It concludes by discussing innovative legal strategies to make economic actors accountable for their involvement in the human rights crisis.
¡Berta vive, la lucha sigue! : Corporate Accountability for Attacks against Human Rights Defenders in Honduras
Authors: Tapias Torrado Nancy R.
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores corporate accountability for attacks against human rights defenders. For this, it examines the case of Indigenous Lenca leader Berta Cáceres, a co-founder of the Council of Popular and Indigenous Organisations of Honduras (COPINH). In 2016, she was killed in reprisal for her struggle against the human rights abuses committed in connection to the Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam project, in the Gualcarque river, in Lenca territory. This chapter focuses on how such apparently ‘weak’ actors -- Berta’s family and organisation -- managed to achieve unprecedented progress in their search for justice for the killing of Berta Cáceres. The investigation has revealed the attack as a reprisal against her for defending human rights. It further uncovered the role of powerful economic actors in her killing. Prominent representatives of the Honduran company Desarrollo Energéticos SA (DESA), owners of the Agua Zarca hydroelectric dam project, are now facing justice. For this analysis, the chapter draws on the Archimedes’ Lever model to examine blocks and opportunities for corporate accountability for attacks against human rights defenders in a contemporary context, something that has not been explored before. Berta was killed but her impact defending human rights lives on.
Conclusion: The Past, the Present and the Future of Accountability of Corporate Complicity in Gross Human Rights Violations
Authors: Uprimny Rodrigo
Published: May 2022

The concluding chapter draws out the volume’s main contributions and considers the future of accountability for economic actors’ human rights violations. The contributions include the volume’s recognition of a diverse set of economic actors who have been involved in a range of human rights violations in the past authoritarian and armed conflict situations and that continue to the present. The volume shows that impunity is the norm despite the grave and widespread nature of these violations. Yet, the volume highlights – using the Archimedes’ Lever framework -- exceptional cases of accountability in the global south. Some of these innovations could be adapted to future contexts, especially land restitution in Colombia, peoples’ tribunals in South Africa, shareholders’ initiatives in the Brazilian Volkswagen case, the international expert group in Honduras, and asset recovery in the Philippines. The chapter, however, cautions against overlooking certain critical features for moving forward toward accountability. In particular, economic actors are sometimes themselves victims of human rights abuses, as in Argentina, or they may operate in a grey zone of victim-perpetrator as in Colombia. The chapter also considers certain incentives and international initiatives that could enhance human rights cultures within business communities around the world.
Frechulf and the Carolingian Culture of Compilation
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

Frechulf’s Histories are a compendium of earlier historiographical texts, a feature that once led to the text being dismissed as derivate and thus seen as limited in its value as a source. This chapter instead argues that the compilatory nature of Frechulf’s work is key to understanding it as a significant product of Carolingian textual scholarship. The compilation of authoritative knowledge is by no means unique to the eighth and ninth centuries, and this chapter begins by taking a broad look at pre-modern cultures of compilation. Nevertheless, a distinctive Carolingian approach to compilation can be observed, which this chapter elucidates.
The Truth of History
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

Central to Frechulf’s project was uncovering ‘the truth of history’ (veritas historiae). This chapter seeks to unpack the meaning of Frechulf’s distinctive phrase and to uncover its intellectual roots. First it surveys the relationship between ‘truth’ and ‘history’ as established through the study of grammar and rhetoric. Next it turns to the patristic exegesis of the Bible, where the phrase veritas historiae often was used to denote the historical or literal interpretation of scripture. Lastly, by taking Frechulf’s treatment of Old Testament history between Adam and Abraham as a case study, the chapter argues that Frechulf’s approach to historiography was fundamentally exegetical.
Past and Present in the Histories
Authors: Ward Graeme
Published: May 2022

Moving beyond the specific context of early medieval intellectual culture, this chapter considers Frechulf’s audiences and questions the political function and utility of history in the ninth century. It begins by problematizing Frechulf’s dedicatory prologues, which, despite their ostensible immediacy, are shown to be more complex than previously assumed. In a second step, the chapter turns to the exemplary role of Christian Roman emperors in Carolingian culture. Rather than link Frechulf’s work explicitly to contemporary Carolingian moral and conciliar texts, the chapter argues that in the 820s there were a range of responses to a common body of authoritative texts.
O ensino de Língua Portuguesa na sociedade contemporânea: do Estudo da Arte à construção de Letramentos didático-digitais
Authors: Martins Ana Patricia Sá , Kersch Dorotea Frank
Published: May 2022

A influência das tecnologias digitais nas práticas sociais letradas contemporâneas demanda competências didáticas dos professores. Assim, o ensino oferecido nos cursos de formação de professores precisa dialogar com a nova realidade da linguagem, em que todos estão conectados. Neste sentido, objetiva-se discutir a proposição de um Programa de Multiletramentos Didáticos que oportunizou o desenvolvimento de letramentos didático-digitais de professores em formação. Foi feito um levantamento de teses na Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (2000–2018) do Brasil, bem como de artigos publicados na Revista Latino-americana de Tecnologia Educativa (2002-2017), com o objetivo de identificar quais as tendências que as produções acadêmicas apresentam nas investigações sobre letramento digital na formação de professores. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, analítica e descritiva, numa perspectiva metodológica de Estado da Arte, chegou-se à lacuna para propor o Programa de Multiletramentos Didáticos. Com base nos Estudos de Letramentos, estudos sobre Formação de professores e na Escrita reflexiva, percebeu-se que as pesquisas são ainda incipientes ao tratar do letramento digital de professores sob o aspecto didático. Isso dificulta a apropriação dos artefatos tecnológicos como instrumentos de ensino. Diante disso, apresenta-se o percurso de ensino-aprendizagem colaborativo que oportunizou aos professores em formação a construção de seus letramentos didático-digitais.