bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harvesting the Living?: Separating Brain Death and Organ Transplantation
Authors: Campbell Courtney S.
Published: February 2007

The chronic shortage of transplantable organs has reached critical proportions. In the wake of this crisis, some bioethicists have argued there is sufficient public support to expand organ recovery through use of neocortical criteria of death or even pre-mortem organ retrieval. I present a typology of ways in which data gathered from the public can be misread or selectively used by bioethicists in service of an ideological or policy agenda, resulting in bad policy and bad ethics. Such risks should lead us to look at alternatives for increasing organ supplies short of expanding or abandoning the dead donor rule. The chronic problem of organ scarcity should prompt bioethicists to engage in constructive dialogue about the relation of the social sciences and bioethics, to examine the social malleability of the definition of death, and to revisit the question of the priority of organ transplants in the overall package of healthcare benefits provided to most, but not all, citizens.
Ch'angguk Opera and the Category of the "Traditionesque"
Authors: Killick Andrew P. (Andrew Peter)
Published: February 2007

Ch'angguk opera was first developed in the early twentieth century,
when it was advertised as shinyon'guk, or "new drama," emphasizing the
novelty of its indoor theater setting and acting conventions. Today,
Ch'angguk is often described in English as "traditional Korean opera,"
mainly because it incorporates elements of the older musical
storytelling genre p'ansori. While Ch'angguk has come to base a large
part of its appeal on this association with tradition, it has not
inspired the commitment to preservation and protection from change that
typically distinguishes "traditional" art forms. By surveying the
history of ch'angguk's relationship to "tradition," I seek to define a
separate category of art forms, the "traditionesque," which I believe
will prove to be an important one, not only in Korea but worldwide.
Kim Takes Control: The "Great Purge" in North Korea, 1956-1960
Authors: Lankov A. N. (Andrei Nikolaevich)
Published: February 2007

The unsuccessful attempt to oust Kim Il Sung in 1956 triggered signiÞcant
changes in North Korean politics and society. North Korea began to drift away
from the Soviet patterns, slowly developing its own brand of "national Stalinism."
North Korean relations with the Soviet Union and China also underwent
deep transformation. These changes met resistance, but all dissenters were wiped
out during large-scale purges, reminiscent ofStalin's "Great Purge" of 1937. This
article, based on previously unknown material from Soviet archives, traces the
history ofthis purge as well as the social, political, and cultural changes ofthe late
1950s.
Romanian Libraries Recover after the Cold War: The Communist Legacy and the Road Ahead
Authors: Anghelescu Hermina G. B
Published: February 2007

There is an urgent need for current leaders to stem the neglect suffered
by Romanian libraries during the Communist years by acknowledging the
importance of the library as an institution and by providing financial

support to move the libraries into the realm of the developed
countries. Historically, Romanian libraries developed in much the same
way as

libraries did in countries in Western Europe: monastic and ecclesiastical
libraries, court libraries, and private collections, some becoming college
libraries, and public libraries created to support education for all
citizens. Independence in 1877 led to the creation of universities and
the establishment of an academic library system. There was, however,
a derailment in this continued development of libraries in Romania
under the forty-five years of Communist rule. Its effects are still
being felt today as the country struggles with a high inflation rate;
an abandonment by authorities as they focus on more immediate problems;
a lack of specialized faculty to teach new skills and technology to
library school graduates, along with an outdated curriculum; an "anybody
can do it" attitude toward librarianship; an outdated infrastructure;
a critical "knowledge lag"; damaging attitudes adopted under Communism;
and a lack of management expertise. The library, under Communism and the
legacy of Communism, is presented interchangeably, through an exploration
of the library system, the librarians' status, professional associations,
the library's image in society,

cultural policies, collections, censorship, infrastructure, and
mentalities.
The Effect of the Cold War on Librarianship in China
Authors: Cheng Huanwen
Published: February 2007

Librarianship in China can be divided into four distinct areas because
of the Cold War. The first period covers approximately 1840 to 1949. When
Chinese intellectuals realized that Chinese libraries were underdeveloped,
they began looking at foreign librarianship, and American practices

became dominant within Chinese libraries. In 1949, following the end
of World War II and the beginning of the Cold War, the ideological
differences between Communist China and the capitalist United States
forced Chinese librarians to renounce all American librarianship
ideologies, and the ideological pendulum swung toward socialist library
ideas dominated by Soviet librarianship. Because of the Cuban Missile
Crisis and a three-year ecological disaster in China, relations
between the U.S.S.R. and China broke down, and from 1966 to 1976
China was segregated from the two superpowers and underwent the Great
Proletarian Culture Revolution. During this time intellectuals suffered
political persecution and were reeducated in manual labor camps. Library
science came to a standstill, and many books were destroyed because
of censorship. The fourth and final phase of Chinese librarianship
covers the period from 1977 to 1991, when relations between the United
States, the Soviet Union, and China normalized, and library theory and
technology from the West began again to exert an influence on Chinese
librarianship. Chinese librarianship grew and developed substantially
during this time period and allowed Chinese librarians to reenter the
international arena.
International Harmony: Threat or Menace? U.S. Youth Services Librarians and Cold War Censorship, 1946-1955
Authors: Jenkins Christine
Published: February 2007

The traditional stance of youth services librarians has been strong

advocacy on behalf of children's books that promote intergroup

cooperation and international understanding. With the onset of the
McCarthy era, however, books with an intergroup and international focus
became politically suspect, and librarians found themselves confronting
both unspoken and overt "blacklists" of so-called subversive titles
and

authors. During the Cold War, librarians in the United States who served
children and young adults were subject to demands from political

pressure groups to remove or restrict books and other library materials
viewed by those groups as pro-Communist propaganda. Many librarians
succeeded in actively resisting these pressures. They did so,

however, in ways that were largely invisible to their contemporaries
outside the field. Thus far, their strategies of resistance have gone

unnoticed by historians as well. ALA youth services leaders' rhetoric
and strategies of resistance--quiet, positive, and active--effectively

countered pressure groups' censorship efforts and, in doing so,

maintained librarians' professional jurisdiction over the selection and
evaluation of books for young readers.
A Soviet Research Library Remembered
Authors: Kasinec E
Published: February 2007

The author, curator of the Slavic and Baltic Division at the New York
Public Library, reflects on his first experience with libraries and
archives during a year of research in the former Soviet Union in
1971-72. Kasinec experienced both the positives and negatives
of research work under the Soviet regime. He had the opportunity to
work closely with some of Russia's finest historians, bibliographers,
librarians, and archivists, benefiting from their considerable erudition
and gaining a degree of familiarity with collections at some of the
greatest libraries in the world. Much of Kasinec's research was conducted
at the Lenin State Library in Moscow, renamed the Russian State Library in
1992.

However, as a foreigner studying Filaret (Drozdov, d. 1867), a
hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church and a figure distasteful
to the Communist regime, Kasinec encountered skepticism toward his
research. Kasinec notes the Marxist-Leninist organization of those
catalogs that were publicly accessible, versus those to which access
was limited to staff and the most trusted Soviet scholars. "Specially"
trained librarians ultimately determined what it was possible to consult
and photocopy. Some older scholars, mindful of the experiences of the
Stalin era, were reluctant to even meet with him, and in general, the
shadow of Soviet censorship (and the occasional attempted provocation)
loomed over his research experience.

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, suspicions relating to
Soviet attempts to shape research--by barring access to special
collections (whose existence was largely denied) and through the careful
selection of those files that were presented to readers--have been
confirmed. It is Kasinec's concern that such manipulation may have, in
effect, "tainted" the "knowledge base," resulting in extensive Western
holdings of tendentious material upon which researchers have based
their own studies. It will take many years before we can fully assess
the impact of this censorship on scholarship.
St. Osmund's New Legacy: The Scriptorium Informs Electronic Text
Authors: Drueke Jeanetta
Published: February 2007

Fifty manuscripts produced in the scriptorium of the cathedral at Old
Sarum in the last quarter of the eleventh century help us reflect on the
flurry of digitization today. St. Osmund, the first bishop of Salisbury
and the developer of the scriptorium and library, is described. The
selection and acquisition of exemplars and production of copies are
examined. Comparisons are drawn between the selection and acquisition
of scriptorium exemplars and digitized texts. The legacies of the fifty
manuscripts to current historians and the potential legacies of digitized
texts to future historians are examined, and cautions are given.
"The Great Fiction Bore": Free Libraries and the Construction of a Reading Public in England, 1880-1914
Authors: Hammond Mary
Published: February 2007

The Public Libraries Act (England and Wales) was passed in 1850 at
a time when democracy was being hotly debated but only one person in
forty was eligible to vote, and compulsory elementary education for
all was still twenty years in the future. This essay explores how the
public library came to act as a legitimating body for the performance of
class and gender through reading practices. It argues that the social
and political history surrounding the library movement in England is
crucial to an understanding of how, though founded on the Arnoldian
principle of culture as social panacea, it had come by the First World
War to function on the principle of cultural capital as social signifier.
The Cairo Genizah: A Medieval Mediterranean Deposit and a Modern Cambridge Archive
Authors: Reif Stefan C.
Published: February 2007

For almost two thousand years, it has been customary in Rabbinic Judaism
to set aside a depository(genizah) into which could be consigned
Hebrew texts that had to be removed from circulation. The famous Cairo
Genizah was amassed mainly between the tenth
and thirteenth centuries and sheds light on all aspects of medieval
Oriental life. Most of its fragmentary manuscripts are preserved
at Cambridge University Library, and they provide unique infor-mation
about relations between Jews, Muslims, and Christians in the
Crusader period. The history of the Cambridge Genizah collection, since
its acquisition over one hundred years ago, is almost as remarkable as
its contents.
Activism in Library Development: Women's Studies at Rutgers University, 1970-1995
Authors: Lee Hur-Li
Published: February 2007

Women's studies librarians' view that women should be represented at the
center of library collections and services generates conflict in the
U.S. academic library, a system based on male-centered, disciplinary
principles. An examination of the development of a women's studies
research library in the Rutgers University Libraries System between 1970
and the mid-1990s reveals the bibliographic and political dimensions
of the controversy. The persistent tension between bibliographic
considerations and political activism warrants further scholarly discourse
aimed at creating a balanced model for collection development and
information organization in academic libraries.
A Corrupt Medium: Stephen Burroughs and the Bridgehampton, New York, Library
Authors: Ashton Susanna
Published: February 2007

In his eighteenth-century Memoirs, criminal Stephen Burroughs tells of his campaign to establish a library
in Bridgehampton, New York. When the town elders discover the plan, they
insist upon reviewing Burroughs's choices. Undercurrents of other debates
spill over into what would otherwise merely be some quibbling over book
selections. In a series of vividly recounted public meetings, Burroughs
pits the local elders against himself and "the People." These book wars
are clearly situated in ideological struggles regarding rationalism
and the role of reading in general; but, more significantly, they are
situated in a representational context that by its very genre—that
of the rogue narrative—calls into question the role of individual
interpretation and literary influence.
Charles Nodier: The Romantic Librarian
Authors: Loving Matthew
Published: February 2007

Charles Nodier (1780-1844), famous French writer and librarian, rose
to the acme of his career during his tenure as the director of the
Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal in Paris. Although his name is frequently
associated with the French romantic movement, it is very seldom associated
with library science. Following the path of Nodier's accomplishments
provides ample opportunity for a discussion of his contributions to
the field of library science. In his work of disseminating information,
creating and preserving bibliographic publications, and theorizing about
the importance and arrangement of collected knowledge, Nodier proves
worthy of further investigation and acknowledgment in his role as one
of history's great librarians.
Discipline and the Discipline: Histories of the British Public Library
Authors: Peatling Gary
Published: February 2007

This essay suggests that historians of British public libraries
may be restricted in their ability to pose certain questions about
their subject matter because of the structure of the institutions of
library history. These limitations are particularly illustrated by the
popularity of myths of the "good old days" within library commentary,
by the treatment of critics of public libraries, and by the problematic
deployment of concepts such as social exclusion and problem patrons. Some
of these difficulties may, however, be overcome, either within or
outside of the current institutional orientations of library history,
by reflection on the concept of public history.
The Destruction of Jewish Libraries and Archives in Cracow during World War II
Authors: Sroka Marek
Published: February 2007

The liquidation of Jewish libraries and archives in Cracow was carried
out through the organized looting and confiscation of selected collections
as well as the plunder and destruction of school, private, and
synagogue libraries. It was also done through the appropriation of
some Jewish collections by the Staatsbibliothek Krakau and the removal
and destruction of books in Polish by banned Jewish authors from
any operating bookstores and libraries in Cracow and in the General
Government. The essay examines the loss of various collections, especially
school libraries and the Ezra Library, and efforts to save selected
collections during the war.
Referential Density in Discourse and Syntactic Typology
Authors: Bickel Balthasar
Published: February 2007

Narrative production experiments reveal systematic crosslinguistic differences in the preferred
ratio of overt to possible argument NPs (called here the REFERENTIAL DENSITY value) between
three pro-drop languages of the Himalayas (Belhare, Maithili, Nepali). These differences can be
accounted for by the degree to which morphosyntactic features of NPs, especially case features,
are relevant for syntactic processing. This degree is the higher the more there are pivots or
controllers of syntactic rules (e.g. verb agreement) that are defined not only on the basis of a
thematic role hierarchy but also by a case feature (as when, for example, verb agreement is blocked
by quirky case on the thematically highest argument).
Stems and Paradigms
Authors: Blevins James P
Published: February 2007

This article presents an analysis of the conjugational systems of West Germanic that highlights
the central role of two basic stem types and suggests some consequences for the description
of inflectional systems in general. The analyses distinguish morphomic stems, which underlie
morphosyntactically distinct word forms, from inflectional stems, which realize tense and mood
features and provide the input to regular agreement rules. It is argued that the recognition of
these stem types simplifies the description of West Germanic conjugations, supports a general
realization-based approach, and suggests a reinterpretation of current realizational models.
Postmodernizing the Literature and Medicine Canon: Self-Conscious Narration, Unruly Texts, and the Viae Ruptae of Narrative Medicine
Authors: Marta Jan
Published: February 2007

Through the application of Genettian modes of analysis, Marta analyzes not only Martin Amis's Time's Arrow and
Claude Simon's The Flanders Road, but also the medical clinical history. Taking what she has demonstrated in her study
of voice, narrative level, and time in Amis and Simon to the study of the case history, medicine's primary text, Marta is
able to create a new comprehension of medical convention. She explodes traditional notions of the place of the patient in
the case history and replaces those notions with a nuanced and provocative understanding of the narrative forces
embodied in the ordinary prose of physicians.
The Temple of Healing: Reflections from a Physician at the Movies
Authors: Dans Peter E
Published: February 2007

Dans's essay traces a moral shift in society and medicine through a review of cinematic representations of medicine in film
from the 1960s and '70s to the present. He argues that medicine, like society, is groping to achieve a consensus on
values. He voices concern over the movement from an adherence to the Hippocratic oath to an increase in moral
pluralism, suggesting that the uncoupling of medicine from its ancient codes has altered the physician/patient relationship
from a sacred covenant to a business contract.
Atomic Bomb Cinema: Illness, Suffering, and the Apocalyptic Narrative
Authors: Shapiro Jerome F
Published: February 2007

Shapiro traces the evolution of Atomic Bomb Cinema in U.S. and Japanese films from the 1950s and '60s. Utilizing the
theories of Erik Erikson, John Collins, and Eric Cassell, this essay interprets Atomic Bomb Cinema through the lenses of
crisis, apocalypse, and suffering. After contextualizing the films in relation to The Time Machine, the essay analyzes four
films, On the Beach, The Incredible Shrinking Man, Mosura tai Gojira, and Ikimono no Kiroku.
Reading The Operation: Television, Realism, and the Possession of Medical Knowledge
Authors: Belling Catherine Francis
Published: February 2007

Belling queries the accessibility of medical knowledge to non- medical audiences by examining the construction of
medical realism represented in the documentary show called The Operation. Considering an episode in which the
patient is being treated for endometriosis with laparoscopic surgery, Belling creates a scenario in which an imaginary
viewer watches the episode. By imagining how the viewer might use the documentary to inform her own medical
decisions, Belling explores some of the implications of this viewing for clinical practice.
The Minister's "Grievous Affliction": Diagnosing Hawthorne's Parson Hooper
Authors: Ostrowski Carl
Published: February 2007

This interpretation of Hawthorne's "The Minister's Black Veil" explores the possibility that Parson Hooper's enigmatic
veil is not merely "a type and a symbol." Hooper might wear the veil to hide from the community of Milford a physical
(and moral) infirmity that is visible on his face---scars resulting from the secondary stage of syphilis.
"I'll Cry Myself Sick": Illness in Wuthering Heights
Authors: Gorsky Susan Rubinow
Published: February 2007

When she accedes to society's definition of her role, Wuthering Heights 's Catherine
Earnshaw denies her nature and faces personal disintegration. When she violates society's rules,
however, she falls ill. Like Emily Bront�, Catherine is anorexic, destroyed by her illness and her
society. In contrast, the emotional and physical health of her daughter, also named Catherine, helps
restore order and bring mythic and psychological resolution to the novel.
Listening and Breaking Down the Walls
Authors: Delbanco Thomas
Published: February 2007

At a time when walls seem to be rising higher inexorably between patients and clinicians, two strategies may stimulate change and lead to health care systems very different from those currently in place. The first is to bring organized, structured feedback systems into place, with patients and their families serving as expert witnesses to their care. The second is for patients and health professionals to join in designing, implementing, and monitoring new ways to improve quality and shared decision making. The challenge for patients and clinicians is to deal with the ongoing loss of both time and privacy, while preserving a reasonable professional and personal quality of life.
Reading Bodies, Writing Bodies: Self-Reflection and Cultural Criticism in a Narrative Medicine Curriculum
Authors: DasGupta Sayantani
Published: February 2007

Narrative medicine
is a teaching methodology that is uniquely suited to the openly ideological
teaching of antiracism, antisexism, and anticlassism. This article is based on
a medical school humanities seminar on women's illness narratives that was
involved in this sort of cultural critique.

The seminar was
framed as a course on reading and writing the body. The mind/body dichotomy not
only is what differentiates mindful physicians from body-focused patients; it
also has distinctly gendered overtones. Since science itself is constructed as
mindful and male while women are supposedly emotional and body-focused, women
physicians often find that acceptance into the fraternity of medicine requires
a disembodiment from their reproductive, sexual, and otherwise physical selves.
During this seminar, second-year female medical students not only gained an
empathic understanding of women patients' experiences by reading pathographies;
they turned this empathy inward toward oftentimes fractionalized body-selves,
by writing about their own bodily experiences with illness and caregiving.
Class discussions based on these reading and writing exercises gave students
the space to articulate forces of control and disembodiment in medicine.

This type of
seminar demonstrates that narrative medicine as a discipline can look beyond
solely patient-focused narratives and integrate a simultaneously politicized and
personalized understanding of medicine. Such an understanding emerges from
critically examining medical culture through narratives, while integrating
exercises in self-reflection that recognize that not only patients but also
physicians bring varied cultural, class, gendered, and sexual histories to
their medical encounters.
Whispers of Norbury: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Modernist Crisis of Racial (Un)Detection
Authors: Huh Jinny
Published: February 2007

This study examines Arthur Conan
Doyle, creator of the "Superman" detective Sherlock Holmes, and his
anxieties of race detection. Experiencing a racial crisis upon meeting Henry
Highland Garnet, a former African American abolitionist, I argue that Doyle's
failure and anxiety in detecting race and his consequent popularization of
detective fiction (which, significantly, utilizes an "exact science"
of detection) reveal that the emergence of the detective fiction genre is in
direct response to the threat of racial passing. This is further evidenced
through "The Yellow Face," a story of race passing in which Holmes is
confronted with one of his rare cases of failed detection. As a result, I show
that the fear of "racechange" witnessed in both Doyle's life and
fiction emphasizes that one cannot look at the politics of passing without a
wider examination into the genre of detection.
Reproduction of the Patterns of Interstate Power Relations in the Conceptions of 15-year-old Students in EU Countries: The Persistence of Prejudice
Authors: Frangoudaki Anna
Published: February 2007

Answers to the Youth and History survey by students from the EU
countries show that they strongly follow the ideas promoted by each
country's, as well as the EU's, authorities on peace and collaboration
among nation-states. These ideas are nevertheless contradicted by
the students' pronounced ethnocentrism, which makes them strongly
identify with their own nation's interest, even when this involves
the use of military force. The findings of this survey thus show
that the ideal of European integration and harmony is overridden and
overdetermined by the nationalist ideologies of the past century still
prevalent in schools. These ideologies generate a fear of the dangers
assumed to threaten national cultures, because of the cultural contact
brought about by European integration. This fear appears strong in the
mind of all students, including the ones belonging to the wealthier,
bigger, and leading EU countries. This article suggests that these
findings underline the need for educational authorities in all EU
countries to consider seriously what happens when nineteenthth-century
ideas on nations, national interest, and national culture combine with
the present inequalities and conflicts of interest among various
groups within each EU nation-state, as well as among them. The article
concludes that the prejudiced social knowledge that now frames teaching in
EU schools largely serves to reproduce the patterns of traditional power
relations among European groups and is in strong need of replacement.
Citizen Education: Silencing Crucial Issues
Authors: Kontogiannopoulou-Polydorides Georgia , Kottoula Mary , Dimopoulou Kelly
Published: February 2007

Content in the Greek civic education curriculum presents significant
discrepancies and discontinuities with the practices, concepts, and
attitudes which frame the everyday lives of most students. The issues of
democracy, immigration, political freedom, political participation, and
integration of the European Union carry multiple and engaged meanings
for Greek adolescents. Research in progress, as well as the results
of the Youth and History survey, verify the complexity
of their thinking on such issues. Civic education textbooks, however,
formulate such issues in a descriptive manner that emphasizes formal
institutional functioning over actual events and political processes. No
explicit connection is made between the lived experience of the students
and the formal approach of the textbooks. The civic education curriculum
and student attitudes and practices appear to be on two independent and
unconnected trajectories, thus depriving pupils of the opportunity for
reflective consideration of the interplay of textbook content and
everyday experience.
Heidegger's Parmenides: Greek Modernity and the Classical Legacy
Authors: Spanos William V
Published: February 2007

One of Heidegger's most insistent assertions about the identity of
modern Europe is that its origins are not Greek, as has been assumed in
discourses of Western modernity since the Englightenment, but Roman,
the epochal consequence of the Roman reduction of the classical
Greek understanding of truth, as a-letheia (un-concealment),
to veritas (the correspondence of mind and thing). In the Parmenides lectures of 1942-43, Heidegger amplifies
this genealogy of European identity by showing that this Roman concept
of truth--and thus the very idea of Europe--is also indissolubly
imperial. Heidegger's genealogy has been virtually neglected by Western
historical scholarship, including classical. Even though restricted
to the generalized site of language, this genealogy is persuasive and
bears significantly on the conflicted national identity of
modern, post-Ottoman Greece. It suggests that the obsessive pursuit of
the unitary cultural ideals of the European Enlightenment, in the name
of this movement's assumed origins in classical Greece, constitutes
a misguided effort to accommodate Greek identity to the polyvalent,
imperial, Roman model of the polity that informs European colonial
practice. Put positively, Heidegger's genealogy suggests a radically
different way of dealing with the question of Greek national identity,
one more consonant with the actual philosophical, cultural, ethnic, and
political heterogeneity of ancient Greece (what Martin Bernal has called
the "Ancient Model") and, thus, one less susceptible to colonization by
"Europe."
The Least Satisfying Form of Writing: Seferis on Translation
Authors: Connolly David, professor
Published: February 2007

This article considers Seferis as a theorizing translator and focuses
on his views on interlingual translation. These views are examined in
terms of contemporary thought in the field of translation studies and are
shown to have influenced the standard English translations of his poetry
through his collaboration with his own translators. It is argued that
Seferis was less interested in the theoretical and practical problems
of translation than in translation as a means of testing the capacities
of the Greek language of his times.
Egypt's Forgotten Communists: The Postwar Greek Left
Authors: Gorman Anthony P
Published: February 2007

In the decade and a half after the Second World War, Egyptian Greeks
were active in two communist organizations in Egypt: the wholly Greek
(Antifascist Vanguard), and the Greek section of the Egyptian
movement. Each pursued its own program of political priorities and enjoyed
a different relationship with the Egyptian communist movement. While
their activities were heavily circumscribed by the practical difficulties
and ideological contradictions arising from the position of Greeks as a
relatively privileged cultural minority, they both represent important
expressions of an oppositional discourse within the complex dynamics
of the Greek presence in Egypt. Though ultimately failing in the face
of rising Egyptian and Arab nationalism and the decline of the Greek
community in the late 1950s, the record of the Greek Left testifies to
the attempts and accompanying difficulties of political engagement with
the wider Egyptian community.
Ancient ÎÎ½Î±Î¼Î½Î·ÏÎ¯Î± , National ÎÎ½Î®Î¼Î· in the Poetry of Giorgos Seferis
Authors: Klironomos Martha
Published: February 2007

Abstract: The aim of this essay is to explore memory in Seferis's poetry as a manifestation of variant modes of historical consciousness and in relation to various schemata that exemplify both European modernity and nationalist ideology. Building upon recent approaches to social and collective memory, the following reading bases itself on how memory operates within the text as an agon: between ancient and modern modes of anamnesis and mneme , between private remembrance and public recollection, between elements of memory that stem from cognition and those that derive from experience, particularly from nationalist ideological premises. Distinguishing, even further, the difference among empirical elements that surface in Seferis's poetry as modes of "lived history," to use Agnes Heller's formulation, highlights the residual function of the literary text in simulating a dominant form of historical experiencing. As such, it illustrates how literature in the case of Greece remained a popular medium through which memory continued to be preserved. Placing memory at the forefront, an alternative to previous discussions of Seferis's use of the classics, provides an interpretive model that extends beyond a mere "intertextual" reading, which, in Seferis's case, has often culminated in a conventional study of sources. Rather, the approach presented here views the relationship between ancient and modern texts as a dialogical one and offers the reader a number of interpretive paths that include similarities and differences between antiquity and modernity in terms of mnemonic concepts, modes of historical consciousness, and the function of the text in representing values privileged in collective consciousness.
The Unfinished Ape: Mediation and Modern Greek Identity in Iakovos Pitsipios's Ο Πίθηκος Ξούθ
Authors: O'Neill Klara L.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Iakovos Pitsipios's novel, Ο Πίθηκος Ξούθ (1848) presents the encounter between a young "Europeanized" Greek pretending to a position of noble birth and the enigmatic character of his valet, Xouth, a German travel writer who has been transformed into an ape. This simian figure is not an isolated instance in European fiction and a brief examination of the ape in Western literature is useful in making meaning of Pitsipios's depiction here. The figure of the ape, the satire of travel writings, and the cultural exchange between East and West in this novel all serve to complicate notions of authenticity, imitation, and cultural identity in post-Revolutionary Greece. Pitsipios's Greece was a rapidly changing social climate adjusting to the new situation of independent statehood and trying to forge some national identity under the oppressive influence of a European world that had specific historical expectations of what a Greek state and nation meant. This cultural crisis of transition from nationhood (ethnos) to statehood (kratos) is negotiated in Pitsipios's novel in the themes of adaptation, imitation, and authenticity.
Hybridity and Ethics in Chateaubriand's Atala
Authors: Moscovici Claudia
Published: February 2007

Chateaubriand's Atala asks: what kind of human being is best prepared to represent an ethical attitude toward cultural difference? In raising this issue, Atala challenges the emerging Romantic view, popularized by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, that Western and native American cultures are ethical opposites. While beginning Atala with the familiar contrast between savage nature and European culture, by the end of the novel Chateaubriand transforms this polarity into a more complex model of hybrid cultural identity. The hybrid being, Chateaubriand illustrates, is formed by means of a double dialectical narrative process. The allegorical figures of Atala and Chactas incorporate and reject elements of two so-called opposite cultures -- the Spanish and the American Indian -- which they value equally. This essay argues the Chactas's and Atala's simultaneously critical and empathetic perspectives towards Spanish and American Indian societies enables them to negotiate cultural differences without lapsing into moral relativism. (CM)
Mallarme and the Language of Ideas
Authors: Williams Heather
Published: February 2007

St�phane Mallarm� (1842-1898) marks the emergence of a new type of writing. A close reading of his great poem "Prose (pour des Esseintes)" (1885) shows how Mallarm� is moving away from the language of philosophy, represented here by the word "Id�es," and toward a new relationship between abstract ideas and poetic textures. The true excitement of Mallarm�'s abstract ideas, and his originality, is inseparable from his verbal inventiveness and daring, which finds in poetic textures a new way of working with concepts. (HMW)
Sarrasine de Balzac, une poetique du contresens
Authors: Bordas Eric
Published: February 2007

Error is ubiquitous in Sarrasine. A narrator seeks to seduce an aristocratic lady by telling her a gruesome tale: she sends him packing. An aristocratic lady seeks to uncover the truth about Paris and its secrets: she recoils in disgust and horror. A sculptor seeks the love of a wondrous singer: all he in fact loves is an illusion contrived by (other) men. Balzac's entire short story Ð which is a spectacular fictional creation Ð is constructed out of these illusions and halftruths: as a result, readings are misreadings, hermeneutics is misled and misleading and erring judgments become a poetics of misunderstanding which has, for Balzac, not only a narratalogical but perhaps even an existential status. What provides the key to this musical narrative is, however, painting, just as it is money which underpins the fate of artists. And between rebuttals and confusions what we see emerge is all the terrifying ambiguity of male desire. (In French) (EB)
Alfred de Musset, ou l'univers de la discontinuite
Authors: Castagnes Gilles
Published: February 2007

A. de Musset's work is remarkable by its fragmented, unfinished and
motley aspects which have been considered by some critics as an obvious
proof of his creative powerlessness. If it's possible to find external
causes to explain the disparate appearance of his work, such as the
way of publishing texts in the Revue des Deux Mondes, an in-depth
analysis can demonstrate that this lack of unity actually reveals Musset's
fundamental aesthetic concepts. His perception of time, particularly, is
reflected by discontinuous writing and a taste for eccentric narratives,
which is part of the baroque current of romanticism. Herein lies the
modernity of his work. (In French) (CG)
Traveling Genres
Authors: Cohen Margaret
Published: February 2007

How do literary genres travel across national contexts? What aspects of a genre's poetics make it transportable and/or translatable? "Traveling Genres" takes up this question by considering the case of sea fiction, one of the most successful transnational literary genres of the 19th century. Looking at early examples of the genre drafted by authors in each of the three national contexts where it first took root (James Fenimore Cooper, US; Frederick Marryat, UK; and Eugene Sue, France). I argue that the international success of sea fiction derives from its ability to portray degraded labor and offer compensation by distilling an ethos of embodied practice that I call know-how. This ethos appealed to readers across the advanced capitalist society where sea fiction flourished, even as writers accomodated it to nationally inflected liberal-democratic paradigms.
"A message to be given": The Spiritual Activism of Rebecca Harding Davis
Authors: Mock Michele L
Published: February 2007

"A Faded Leaf of History" (1873) reflects Rebecca
Harding Davis's spiritual activism, or her own textual "message to
be given." Emphasizing dialogic play, Davis enshrines a double-voiced
narrative that not only challenges the imperialist biases manifest in
Jonathan Dickinson's popular seventeenth-century captivity narrative,
but more important, offers an alternate history of women and
nature. Accordingly, "A Faded Leaf of History" coalesces one woman's
spirituality, social activism, and protoecofeminist sensibilities through
aesthetic representation. This article addresses that representation as
a spiritual enterprise in order to chronicle Davis's temporal fusion of
artistry and activism in the name of women and nature.
Transitivity and Objecthood in Rotuman
Authors: Kissock Madelyn J
Published: February 2007

This paper examines one particular aspect of Rotuman morphology that
Churchward has characterized as a "transitive suffix." Verbs with this suffix
show behavior distinct from that of unsuffixed transitive verbs with respect to a
number of phenomena, including object definiteness, causativity, and negation,
among others. Our conclusion is that the transitivity of verbs with this suffix is
somewhat incidental and that the true nature of the suffix is something akin to
object agreement for topicalized objects. In the end, we see that although
Churchward's label for this suffix may be somewhat misplaced, his careful distinction between two types of transitive verbs, unsuffixed and suffixed, was an
important one.
A Note on Reduplication in Bugotu and Cheke Holo
Authors: Blevins Juliette
Published: February 2007

Patterns of reduplication in two languages of the Solomon Islands raise important questions concerning the validity of certain cross-linguistic generalizations of modern theories of phonology.
More on Merde
Authors: Lewin Ralph A
Published: February 2007

Whereas food has always received much
attention in conversation, commerce, and the literature, the subject of
feces has been comparatively neglected.To fill this lacuna, a small book
on comparative coprology was recently published (Lewin 1999).The present
article aims to supplement this book with a review of overlooked or new
items relating to biological and medical aspects of coprology, notably
chemical and microbial components of human and animal feces, their uses
as fertilizers, and a few other sociological impacts.
Sick Autonomy
Authors: Tauber Alfred I
Published: February 2007

Complex social and economic forces have placed patient autonomy at
the center of medical ethics, and thereby displaced an older ethic of
physician beneficence. This development arose, and is sustained, by
waning trust in the traditional doctor-patient relationship. As patients
have increasingly become clients and consumers, a contract basis for
medical care has put the ancient covenant of care in jeopardy. Here, a
philosophical approach to harmonize the apparent conflicting claims of
patient autonomy and physician beneficence is offered by demonstrating
that autonomy need not be understood as protecting a threatened
identity. If persons are regarded as atomistic, certain defensive
notions of individualistic rights-based autonomy prevail; if a relational
construction of personal identity is employed instead, then respect for
autonomy becomes part of a wider morality of relationship and care. By
reconfiguring trust within this latter understanding of personhood,
bioethics better balances its concerns over choices and actions with
those of relationship and responsibility. Neither atomistic autonomy nor
the ethics of responsibility can claim hegemony, for they are mutually
interdependent, and a complete account of medicine's moral axis requires
that they be integrated. This reorientation is crucial for reasserting
the ethos of clinical medicine, whose fundamental mandate remains the
care of others.
The Future of Scientific Publishing on the Web: Insights from Focus Groups of Chemists
Authors: Searing Susan E , Estabrook Leigh S
Published: February 2007

Focus groups of academic and industrial chemists were
asked to describe their use of the Internet in the process of writing
and disseminating scientific research. They were also asked how they
envision these processes changing in the future. The focus group
participants currently use the Internet extensively for literature
searching, communication with colleagues, and collaborative research
and writing. Use of personal or departmental web pages to disseminate
completed research, however, is still rare. Conferences, collegial
networks, and the traditional system of scientific journal publishing
remain central to their work. Factors inhibiting greater use of the Web
include fear that the peer review system will be weakened, lack of time,
and worries about plagiarism or alteration of their work in the electronic
environment. They foresee increased electronic publishing in the future
and expressed ambivalence about it. The chemists' views serve as a lens
for examining the recently promulgated Principles for Emerging Systems
of Scholarly Publishing. By understanding where the principles align
with scientists' current priorities and where they may diverge, those
leading the transition to electronic publishing may be better prepared
to build support, deal with resistance, and shape systems that will meet
with wide acceptance by authors and readers.
Research Findings of a Library Skills Instruction Web Course
Authors: Alexander Linda B , Smith Robert C
Published: February 2007

This causal-comparative, quasi-experimental study
asked the question: In a university library skills credit course, how
does a group of traditionally-instructed students compare to a group
of web-based instructed students in skills level, satisfaction, and
demographics? Analyses of the data suggest that nontraditional students
preferred the web format over a traditional course.
Integrating Electronic Resources into the Library Catalog: A Collaborative Approach
Authors: Herrera Gail , Aldana Lynda
Published: February 2007

The growing number of electronic resources, along with
the desire for a more streamlined virtual presence, was the motivation
behind the University of Mississippi Libraries' project to catalog
purchased electronic resources. Having completed this project, access
to electronic resources is now available only via the web-based library
catalog. Success of the project was due, in part, to collaboration
between cataloging and systems personnel. Outcomes include a catalog
that more accurately reflects library subscriptions, centralization of
electronic resource maintenance, and heightened user awareness.
Acquisitions Allocations: Fairness, Equity and Bundled Pricing
Authors: Packer Donna
Published: February 2007

This paper examines the effect of an
interdisciplinary, web-based, citation database with full text on a
library's acquisitions allocation plan. List price of full-text journals
in the electronic database is used to calculate increases in acquisitions
funding. The increases show unplanned, unexpected results.
The Principles of Marketing and Relationship Management
Authors: Soules Aline
Published: February 2007

This paper treats the concepts of marketing and
relationship management as they apply to libraries. The author begins
with a description of the current situation of libraries, librarians,
and customer perceptions, and assesses the library's environment in
light of the new realities of the workplace. Relationship management
and its importance to the library's future success are defined.
DW3 Classical Music Resources: Managing Mozart on the Web
Authors: Fineman Yale
Published: February 2007

This paper discusses the genesis and development of
DW3 (Duke World Wide Web) Classical Music Resources, a vertical portal
that comprises the most comprehensive collection of classical music
resources on the Web with links to more than 2,800 carefully selected,
non-commercial pages/sites in over a dozen languages.
Index Relativity and Patron Search Strategy
Authors: Allison DeeAnn , Childers Scott
Published: February 2007

This study compares searches in two different keyword indexes
with similar content. Search results are dependent on the quality of
the search strategy, the search engine execution, and the content
the search is run against. This study examines the degree to which
changing the search engine execution with only slight changes in index
content would have on search results. The results indicate that search
engine execution has a dramatic impact on the number of matches for
most searches. Analysis also reveals that user search strategy did
not change even though the way the search engine executes the search
changed dramatically and new features and commands that they could use
to refine their searches were added. Users appear to be ignoring search
help screens and continue to do basic searches that negatively affect
the number of relevant matches. Providing more features for constructing
better searches will not necessarily result in better search strategy.