bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land, Elite and Exploitation in Early Medieval Western Slavic Territory
Authors: Biermann Felix
Published: May 2016

This paper provides an overview of the political organisation, the system of land use and exploitation in the Western Slavic territories in the early and high Middle Ages. Nowhere in this area was the classical landed estate model of the Frankish empire taken over. Rather, direct power relations between people played a bigger role. They could appear in the form of very small units, characterised by many stronghold-based chieftains in the tribal period, but also in the form of big kingdoms – which derived from complex tribal chiefdom organisations. The basic pattern was always the same : the leader, who was legitimized by family and/ or elected, owned the whole of the land and exerted power over the people. He based his power on a strong military retinue and strongholds. Amongst the main sources of revenue were loot and tributes : the people in the dominion were forced to deliver certain goods and services.
Large Estates and the Peasantry in Byzantium c. 600-1100
Authors: Sarris Peter
Published: May 2016

Grote domeinen en de plattelandsbevolking in Byzantium c. 600-1100.

De laatste jaren werd grote vooruitgang geboekt wat betreft onze kennis van de landbouweconomie van het Oost-Romeinse Rijk tijdens de vierde tot de zevende eeuw. Historici zijn zich in het bijzonder meer bewust geworden van de omvang van de economische welvaart tijdens de late Oudheid en van de economische rol van direct beheerde grote landgoederen tijdens dezelfde periode. Dit artikel poneert dat onze nieuwe kennis over de economie van de late Oudheid belangrijke implicaties heeft voor hoe we onze bronnen lezen en interpreteren over de landbouweconomie van het Midden-Byzantijnse Rijk tijdens de achtste tot twaalfde eeuw. Er schijnt aanzienlijk bewijs te bestaan, in het westen van Klein-Azië en in de omgeving van Constantinopel, van tradities van direct beheer van landgoederen, die werden uitgebaat door middel van afhankelijke loonarbeid. In deze kerngebieden van de middeleeuwse Byzantijnse staat, lijkt het erop dat de belangrijkste periode van structurele veranderingen niet in de zevende eeuw plaatsvond, maar eerder in de elfde en twaalfde eeuw, samen met het ontstaan van een meer feodale «Komneniaanse productiewijze » .
A Classical Manor in Viking Age and Early Medieval Denmark ?
Authors: Poulsen Bjørn
Published: May 2016

Een klassiek tweeledig domein in Denemarken ten tijde van de Vikingen en de vroege Middeleeuwen ?

Dit artikel onderzoekt het bewijsmateriaal voor het bestaan van klassieke tweeledige domeinen in het tijdperk van de Vikingen en de vroege Middeleeuwen. Daarnaast bespreekt het welke alternatieve systemen er gebruikt zouden kunnen zijn om de zeer grote Vikingboerderijen te beheren, die recent door Scandinavische archeologen werden ontdekt. Het artikel werpt de hypothese op dat het systeem dat destijds daadwerkelijk in gebruik was, de grote aan de aristocraten toebehorende boerderijen omvatte, samen met het min of meer informele tribuut dat de bønder aan de verschillende heren betaalden. Daarnaast bespreekt het artikel ook vroege vormen van tribuut. Tenslotte worden er in het artikel ook bronnen voor de vroegste vormen van het tweeledig domein (11e tot 12e eeuw) gepresenteerd en wordt het hiermee gepaard gaande ontstaan van een domeinstelsel met pacht betalende pachters besproken. Rond 1200, maar waarschijnlijk niet veel vroeger, bestond er ongetwijfeld een volledig ontwikkeld pachtsysteem in Denemarken.
Voor vorst en vaderland. Een nieuwe lezing van de muurschilderingen van Henri Leys in het Antwerpse stadhuis
Authors: Baetens Jan Dirk
Published: May 2016

Pour le Roi et la Patrie. Une nouvelle lecture des peintures murales d’Henri Leys pour l’hôtel de ville d’Anvers.

Cet article présente une analyse politique des peintures murales que le peintre belge Henri Leys réalisa entre 1864 et 1869 dans la grande salle d’audience de l’hôtel de ville d’Anvers. L’ensemble monumental de Leys y est mis en rapport avec les frictions politiques des années 1860 autour des fortifications militaires désirées par le gouvernement belge à Anvers et la résistance municipale contre ce projet. Cette contribution démontre que les peintures de Leys ne constituent pas une simple ode aux libertés de la commune d’Anvers et des Anversois, comme il a toujours été maintenu à la lumière du programme officiel. En effet, sous le couvert de ce programme se cache l’agenda politique du gouvernement belge, initiateur de ce projet décoratif. Dès lors, l’ensemble de Leys envisage non seulement les libertés communales des citoyens de la ville d’Anvers, mais aussi, et tout d’abord, ses responsabilités civiques, en particulier celle pour la défense du pays.
OK or not OK? Commitments in acknowledgments and corrections
Authors: Venant Antoine , Asher Nicholas
Published: June 2016

While a semantics without differing “points of view” of different agents is a good first hypothesis for the analysis of the content of monologue, dialogues typically involve differing points of view from different agents. In particular one agent may not agree with what another agent asserts, or may have a different interpretation of an utterance from that of its author. An adequate semantics for dialogue should proceed by attributing to different dialogue agents separate views of the contents of their conversation. We model this, following others, by assigning each agent her own commitment slate. In this paper we bring out a complication with this approach that has gone so far unnoticed in formal semantics and the prior work we just mentioned, albeit it is well-known from epistemic game theory: commitment slates interact; agents typically commit to the fact that other agents make certain commitments. We thus formulate the semantics of dialogue moves and conversational goals in terms of nested, public commitments. We develop two semantics for nested commitments, one for a simple propositional language, the other for a full description language for the discourse structure of dialogues; and we show how one is an approximation of the other. We apply this formal setting to provide a unified account of different linguistic problems: the problem of ambiguity and the problem of acknowledgments and grounding. We also briefly discuss the problem of corrections and how to integrate them in our framework.
The Effect of Reduced or Withdrawn Etanercept-methotrexate Therapy on Patient-reported Outcomes in Patients with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wiland Piotr , Dudler Jean , Veale Douglas , Tahir Hasan , Pedersen Ron , Bukowski Jack , Vlahos Bonnie , Williams Theresa , Gaylord Stefanie , Kotak Sameer
Published: June 2016

Objective.

An analysis of a clinical trial to assess the effects of treatment reduction and withdrawal on patient-reported outcomes (PRO) in patients with early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who achieved 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) low disease activity (LDA) or remission with etanercept (ETN) plus methotrexate (MTX) therapy.

Methods.

During treatment induction, patients received open-label ETN 50 mg weekly plus MTX for 52 weeks. In the reduced-treatment phase, patients with DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) ≤ 3.2 at Week 39 and DAS28-ESR < 2.6 at Week 52 in the open-label phase were randomized to double-blind treatment with ETN 25 mg plus MTX, MTX, or placebo (PBO) for 39 weeks (weeks 0–39). In the third phase, patients who achieved DAS28 remission (DAS28-ESR < 2.6) or LDA (2.6 ≤ DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2) at Week 39 in the double-blind phase had all treatment withdrawn and were observed for an additional 26 weeks (weeks 39–65).

Results.

Of the 306 patients enrolled, 193 were randomized in the double-blind phase and 131 participated in the treatment-withdrawal phase. After reduction or withdrawal of ETN 50 mg/MTX, patients reduced to ETN 25 mg/MTX experienced slight, nonsignificant declines in the majority of PRO measures, whereas switching to PBO or MTX alone caused significant declines. Presenteeism and activity impairment scores were significantly better in the ETN reduced-dose group versus MTX monotherapy and PBO at Week 39 (p ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion.

In patients with early RA who achieved remission while receiving full-dose ETN/MTX, continuing combination therapy at a lower dose did not cause a significant worsening of PRO response, but switching to MTX alone or PBO did.ClinicalTrials.govidentifier:NCT00913458.
La lutte contre la drogue en France ou les contradictions de la prohibition (1970-1996)
Authors: Marchant Alexandre
Published: June 2016

Coups de filet inutiles, criminalisation des usager.ère.s, financements insuffisants, jeux politiques et lourdeurs administratives ont depuis cinquante ans assuré l’échec à tous les niveaux de la « guerre à la drogue » à la française. Cette absence de résultats tranche avec le volontarisme affiché des décideur.euse.s institutionnel.le.s et révèle la nature idéologique (plutôt que pragmatique) de la croisade contre les drogues dont ils.elles se réclament.
Pour une définition clinique de la notion d’addiction : apports et limites d’une conception générique du symptôme addictif
Authors: Saïet Mathilde
Published: June 2016

Réapparue assez récemment dans le vocabulaire clinique, la notion d’addiction suscite un consensus quant à sa pertinence nosographique. L’intérêt de cette notion est d’éviter de réduire les comportements pathologiques qu’elle regroupe à la simple consommation de substances psychotropes. Pourtant, aucune définition unique de cette notion ne semble complètement satisfaisante. Malgré son utilité manifeste, le concept d’addiction flotte ainsi pour l’instant dans des limbes théoriques.
Un conflit entre mondes magiques : la prohibition du peyotl par l’Inquisition de Mexico
Authors: Stella Alessandro
Published: June 2016

Plante hallucinogène mais aussi stimulant coupe-faim, le peyotl a été interdit par les conquérants espagnols car sa consommation rituelle constituait une forme de mysticisme concurrent à celui de l’Eglise catholique. L’on découvre ainsi qu’à l’origine des politiques prohibitionnistes se trouvent non pas des préoccupations de santé, mais une condamnation religieuse et morale, et en définitive un rapport de pouvoir, l’exercice d’une domination politique et culturelle.
Par la voie des nerfs. Henri Michaux et les psychotropes
Authors: Pic Muriel
Published: June 2016

Dans les années 1950, la « guerre à la drogue » ne fait pas encore rage. Les drogues hallucinogènes, naturelles ou de synthèse, suscitent au contraire l’enthousiasme des chercheur.euse.s et leur étude participe à la révolution que connaît alors la neuropharmacologie. Artiste polyvalent et passionné par la connaissance de soi, Michaux va collaborer avec certains des plus grands scientifiques de l’époque dans l’idée que « l’usage des drogues ne conduit pas à un oubli de soi mais, tout au contraire, à une conscience surdéterminée du sentiment fondamental de l’existence. »
Álvaro García Linera : Portrait d’un idéologue bolivien
Authors: Mazón Mauricio
Published: June 2016

L’article dresse le portrait d’Álvaro Garcia Linera, ex-guérillero devenu vice-président de l’État plurinational de Bolivie, militant indianiste, sociologue communiste inspiré de Marx, Reinaga et Bourdieu. Il présente le parcours de cet intellectuel d’extrême gauche peu connu en Europe et en France, sa grille de lecture marxiste-léniniste, son rôle dans l’érection de l’État plurinational, son penchant à conspuer ses adversaires, son rejet du métissage, ses ambitions politiques.
La Chine en Amérique latine : du Consensus des matières premières au Consensus de Beijing
Authors: Svampa Maristella , Slipak Ariel
Published: June 2016

Au cours des dix dernières années, les changements productifs globaux et les transformations internes de la Chine ont consolidé le rôle de grande puissance technologique, productive, financière et militaire qu’avait acquis ce pays au début du XXI e siècle ; de même qu’ils ont renforcé ses capacités de nuisance et de coercition sur ses partenaires de la périphérie mondiale. Dans cet article nous analyserons l’accession de la Chine au rang de puissance globale et ses conséquences pour l’Amérique latine. Partant des flux d’investissement du géant asiatique en direction de la région et les liens plus amples qu’il y a tissé, nous montrerons que ces derniers ont remis au goût du jour un mode d’insertion périphérique et dépendant qui a longtemps caractérisé l’Amérique latine. C’est pourquoi nous pensons que l’Amérique latine connaît aujourd’hui une période de transition qui se caractériserait par l’abandon de l’ancien consensus de Washington au profit d’un nouveau consensus dit des commodities (matières premières) et de Beijing.
Robinson, les silences du cartographe
Authors: Rizzi Alice Titia , Bouaziz Nora , Maley Sophie , Simon Amalini , Claret Astrid , Sebbag Evelyne , Moro Marie Rose
Published: June 2016

À travers la monographie d’un enfant de parents migrants qui présente un mutisme secondaire, les auteurs proposent un regard original sur la prise en charge de ces enfants dits « singuliers ». Des théories étiologiques – culturelles, biomédicales ou psychopathologiques – donnent du sens à la singularité de ces enfants. La consultation transculturelle est un espace où ces différentes dimensions se tissent dans la co-construction d’un sens partagé permettant de mieux accueillir la singularité de ces enfants « venus d’ailleurs ». Dans une situation groupale, il est difficile pour tout enfant de prendre la parole. Le dispositif transculturel offre alors à l’enfant la possibilité de s’exprimer avec l’aide d’un cothérapeute qui l’accompagne dans le jeu, notamment le dessin. Objet médiateur, le dessin nous donne à voir l’évolution de la construction imaginaire de l’enfant alors qu’il se nourrit des paroles dites en séances. Ainsi, cette prise en charge a permis d’accompagner Robinson dans sa découverte du monde, comme le montrent ses dessins de cartes.
Quand le mandat s’étiole. Des cadres du ministère chargé des Sports saisis par l’affaiblissement et la mise en concurrence de leur activité professionnelle
Authors: Honta Marina , Julhe Samuel
Published: June 2016

Le ministère chargé des Sports est exposé à des changements internes et externes lourds de menaces pour ses personnels techniques et pédagogiques qui ont longtemps occupé une position dominante dans le secteur de l’organisation des activités physiques et sportives. Face à ces transformations vécues comme rognant leur autonomie professionnelle et détériorant leur visibilité sociale, la production de rhétoriques et pratiques défensives et le rappel des systèmes de références antérieurs figurent au titre des stratégies visant à résister à ces mutations.
La transformation de la notion de service dans les institutions et les pratiques
Authors: Bauduret Jean-François
Published: June 2016

En matière sociale et médico-sociale, trois approches complémentaires de la notion de service sont ici abordées. Celle de service rendu à l’usager, qui résulte à la fois des souhaits de la personne, du respect de ses droits et de la qualité de son accompagnement. Celle de service hors les murs, sous la forme d’équipe mobile intervenant à domicile et en milieu ordinaire de vie. Celle, plus récente, de plateforme de service, correspondant soit à un guichet unique d’entrée dans un dispositif d’aide, soit à une gestion unique ou coordonnée de diverses structures proposant une palette diversifiée d’accompagnements, favorisant ainsi des parcours sans ruptures des personnes en situation de vulnérabilité. Dans ce dernier cas, pour créer d’emblée des accompagnements coordonnés ou favoriser le décloisonnement et la coopération des établissements et services existants, diverses mesures d’ordre législatif, règlementaire ou méthodologique (définitions, programmations, autorisations, tarifications...) apparaissent nécessaires pour fluidifier les parcours des usagers en articulant les différents segments de leurs accompagnements.
Le drame social du travail dans l’accompagnement des personnes âgées dépendantes en institution
Authors: Zacklad Rachel
Published: June 2016

Dans nos sociétés de service marquées par un vieillissement démographique, nous questionnons les notions de service et relation de service dans le cas de l’accompagnement des personnes âgées dépendantes en France. Nous montrons que l’accompagnement des personnes âgées dépendantes en institution s’apparente à une situation de « drame social du travail », décrit par Hughes. Le déni du travail réel des aides-soignants, dans un contexte de perception péjorative du grand âge, de contraintes budgétaires et d’un accompagnement parfois surmédicalisé, conduit inexorablement à une focalisation de l’activité d’aide au regard de normes prescrites au détriment de la dimension relationnelle.
Meta-analysis of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Moskal Joseph T. , Capps Susan G.
Published: June 2016

Previous meta-analyses established that tranexamic acid confers benefits when used during total hip arthroplasty (THA). However, 2 of these meta-analyses included a variety of routes of administration of tranexamic acid in THA (topical, intravenous, oral, and intra-articular), another meta-analysis included a variety of antifibrinolytic drugs (not restricted to a single drug), and the final meta-analysis included nonrandomized controlled trials. This meta-analysis focused on a single medication, tranexamic acid, administered in a specific way, intravenously in patients undergoing primary THA, using data reported only in randomized controlled studies. Outcomes were restricted to blood loss, allogeneic transfusion rates, and complications. Other outcomes, such as return to function or clinical scores, could not be evaluated because of lack of consistent reporting. To better understand the effects of intravenous tranexamic acid in THA on clinical outcomes, such as recovery, return to function, and patient-reported outcome measures, it would be helpful to have more controlled trials examining these measures in a standardized manner. Intravenous tranexamic acid was beneficial for blood loss intraoperatively, blood loss through drains, and total blood loss during hospitalization, in addition to reducing allogeneic transfusion rates. No difference between intravenous tranexamic acid and placebo was found for most complications, except deep venous thrombosis, which showed favorable results with placebo. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e883–e892.]
Trevor's Disease: Management Difficulties and Proposed Classification
Authors: Clarke Daine O.
Published: June 2016

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica, also known as Trevor's disease, is a rare developmental disorder with osteocartilagenous overgrowth of the epiphysis or epiphyseal equivalent. The condition bears similarities to osteochondroma in terms of its radiographic appearance, but differs in its pathobiology and geographic occurrence. Unlike the metaphyseal occurrence of osteochondromata, it arises from the epiphysis. The clinical presentation is wide and varied, but mechanical symptoms and deformities predominate. Early reports of the condition suggested involvement of the lower limbs only. However, since then, numerous reports have indicated a more generalized distribution. Difficulties in management and recurrence rates seem to hinge on whether its origin is intra-articular or extra-articular. A new classification system to include these parameters is discussed. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e967–e969.]
Acute Tibialis Posterior Tendon Rupture With Pronation-Type Ankle Fractures
Authors: Bernstein Derek T. , Harris Joshua D. , Cosculluela Pedro E. , Varner Kevin E.
Published: June 2016

Tibialis posterior tendon rupture in the setting of pronation-type ankle fractures can lead to long-term debility as a result of chronic tendon dysfunction. This rare injury pattern presents a diagnostic challenge because thorough preoperative examination of the function of the tendon is limited by pain, swelling, and inherent instability of the fracture. As such, a high index of suspicion is necessary in ankle fractures with radiographs showing a medial malleolus fracture with an associated suprasyndesmotic fibula fracture. This report describes 3 cases of tibialis posterior tendon rupture associated with pronation-type ankle fractures treated acutely with open reduction and internal fixation and primary tendon repair. Additionally, common features of this injury pattern are discussed based on the current literature. In accordance with this report, the typical mechanism of injury is high energy and includes forced pronation, external rotation, and dorsiflexion of the ankle, which places maximal stress on the tibialis posterior tendon. Rupture most commonly occurs in a relatively hypovascular area of the tendon located at the posteromedial extent of the medial malleolus fracture. In the operative treatment of pronation-type ankle fractures, direct inspection of the tibialis posterior tendon allows for timely diagnosis and treatment of associated ruptures. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e970–e975.]
Acute Disassembly and Dissociation of a Dual-Mobility Next-Generation Prosthesis
Authors: Samona Jason , Flanagan Brian , Walter Norman
Published: June 2016

The use of bipolar components in hip surgery was introduced more than 40 years ago with the rationale of a dual-mobility hip implant. This design used a small femoral head that would decrease the rate of wear because of the smaller surface area but would still provide implant stability because of the larger outer shell that articulated with the acetabulum, decreasing dislocation rates. In April 2011, the E1 Active Articulation Hip System (Biomet, Warsaw, Indiana) was introduced to the orthopedic market. It is considered to be part of the next generation of bipolar designs, with similar designs available from competing companies, such as Stryker (Mahwah, New Jersey). These designs merge the concept of an articulating outer shell with an all-polyethylene spacer with the primary articulation of a ceramic head and an outer polyethylene shell spacer. This case report describes disassembly and dissociation at the site of the primary articulation of a bipolar system that occurred between the ceramic femoral head and the outer all-polyethylene articulating shell in a patient who had revision total hip arthroplasty because of metallosis. The patient had a stable nonpainful metal-on-metal arthroplasty at first, immediately after the initial procedure. Although previous intraprosthetic dislocations (also called retentive failures) have occurred, this case has several unique features. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e980–e983.]
Taper Failure After Large-Diameter Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Goldstein Zachary H. , Estrera Kenneth , Levine Brett R.
Published: June 2016

The use of metal-on-metal bearing surfaces for total hip arthroplasty increased dramatically in the past decade for a variety of reasons, including the advantage of using larger-diameter femoral heads to reduce instability. However, recent research suggesting negative outcomes and high failure rates associated with some of these implants has decreased their use. Further, the use of larger-diameter femoral heads on relatively small femoral neck tapers has caused concern about localized corrosion at this junction, particularly with varus femoral alignment and longer femoral neck and head lengths. Although the advent of modular components offers the surgeon greater intraoperative flexibility, this modularity may prove to be a weak link when coupled with large-diameter femoral heads. This report describes a patient with a history of bilateral metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty complicated by failure of the right hip as a result of fretting and mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. Notching of the femoral neck and head dissociation occurred 10 years after the primary procedure. The authors describe the patient's presenting symptoms, the possible etiology of the catastrophic failure, and the method of treatment and provide a brief review of metal-on-metal implants that may shed some light on the complications in this case. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(5):e984–e987.]
Update on Anxiety Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: McGuinness Teena M. , Durand Simone C.
Published: June 2016

Despite significant progress in understanding anxiety disorders in youth, affected children are often unrecognized and never receive adequate treatment recognition. Although common among children and adolescents, many parents and health care providers do not realize anxiety disorders in youth predict anxiety disorders in adulthood. The history of anxiety disorders in childhood and their continuity into adolescence and adulthood are discussed. Treatment options and best practices for psychiatric nurses are also explored. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(6), 25–28.]
Heroin use
Authors: Salani Deborah A. , Zdanowicz Martin , Joseph Laly
Published: June 2016

Heroin use has increased significantly in the United States over the past decade. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, heroin use has increased 63% between 2002 and 2013. Heroin-related overdose deaths have increased four-fold over the same time period. The National Center for Health Statistics reported heroin-related deaths were higher for men (
N
= 6,525) than women (
N
= 1,732). Traditionally, heroin users are men ages 18 to 25 with low incomes, but the demographics of heroin users have changed to include individuals with higher incomes and private insurance, as well as non-Hispanic White women. Individuals who use heroin also tend to use alcohol and other drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, and prescription opioid painkillers. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services
,
54
(6), 30–37.]
Working With Children in Families With Parental Substance Abuse: Nurses' Experiences and Complexity in Relationships
Authors: Wallström Rebecca , Persson Renée Ståleborg , Salzmann-Erikson Martin
Published: June 2016

Children who grow up in families with parental substance abuse are exposed to increased risk of developing a variety of disorders. As nurses encounter these children, it is important for them to be supportive. The aim of the current study was to describe nurses' experiences and reflections regarding their work with children in families with parental substance abuse. A qualitative descriptive approach was adopted. Seven nurses were interviewed, and data were analyzed using inductive content analysis. The results were presented in four categories: (a) nurses' responsibilities; (b) identification of children's social network; (c) ethical concerns; and (d) assessment and evaluation of children's behavior. Nurses' preventive work and intervention in dysfunctional families may have direct consequences on children's present and future development and well-being. [
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 54
(6), 38–44.]
The Effect of Colonialism on the Bangladeshi Female Immigrant in Britain
Authors: Peacock J. Sunita , Chowdhury Shaheen A.
Published: June 2016

This chapter explores the role of the Bangladeshi immigrant woman in Britain and the effects of patriarchy in the Bangladeshi community on the immigrant female as noted by the life of the protagonist Nazneen and other female characters in the novel titled, Brick Lane by Monica Ali. Further the essay also compares and contrasts South Asian immigrant women to show how one group (a woman from India) is affected differently from her South Asian sister from Bangladesh. To understand the difference between the two groups of immigrant women, Monica Ali's novel was contrasted with Tarquin Hall's heroine from his novel Salam Brick Lane. By examining the role of South Asian immigrant women in Britain, other issues about immigrant culture was also brought to the forefront, such as religion, specifically Islam to show its effect on the lives of immigrant women in countries outside their own.
“Imperialism” and “Federalism”
Authors: Campbell Adrian
Published: June 2016

The chapter takes as its starting point Kropotkin's idea that in the design of governance systems there are two fundamentally opposed principles - Imperialism (concentrated, vertical power) and federalism (distributed, horizontal power). The paper shows how this idea was derived from Russian conditions but may be seen in the development of state and city relations more widely. The paper then addresses the case of local government reform in Russia from 1990, and how the principle of concentration of power took precedence over the federalist principle, due to ambiguity in state-city relations and fear of loosening ‘imperial' control. The conclusion is that in large and diverse states, the imperative of control to prevent fragmentation may over-ride the development of decentralised governance or municipal autonomy.
Influence of calcium salts of long chain fatty acids on the intake and digestibility of rations in female kids under heat stress
Authors: Ferrari Isabella Ribeiro , Alcalde Claudete Regina , Gomes Ludmila Couto , Molina Bruna Susan de Labio , Barbosa Orlando Rus , Santos Sérgio Mangano de Almeida
Published: June 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of calcium salts of long chain fatty acids (CSFA) on the intake and digestibility of diets. Twenty-five female goat kids housed in digestibility cages and subjected to heat stress of 32°C in a climatic chamber, were used. The female kids were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments: control (without inclusion of CSFA) and 6.25; 12.50; 18.75 and 25.00 g CSFA kg-1 of DM. The inclusion of CSFA in rations did not influence water intake (3.08 L day-1), dry matter (0.66 kg day-1), organic matter (0.62 kg day-1), crude protein (0.12 kg day-1), neutral detergent fiber (0.27 kg day-1) and total carbohydrate (0.47 kg day-1). The results of the digestibility of dry matter (0.66 kg kg-1), organic matter (0.67 kg kg-1), crude protein (0.78 kg kg-1), neutral detergent fiber (0.47 kg kg-1) and total carbohydrate (0.63 kg kg-1) were not affected by the treatments. However, there was a positive linear effect on the intake and digestibility of ether extract. Therefore, the addition of calcium salts of long chain fatty acids in the diets for female kids under heat stress of 32°C does not influence the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, except for ether extract, which is intrinsic to the product added to the rations.
Analysis of Turbulence Characteristics in the Laminar Sub-Layer Region of a Perturbed Turbulent Boundary Layer
Authors: Sutardi S. , Widodo Wawan Aries
Published: June 2016

Turbulent boundary layer plays an important role for generation of aerodynamic drag. Shear force and pressure force due to the presence of boundary layer separation from the body surface contribute to the total drag. Studies of drag reduction due the the boundary layer effect are continuously performed by many researchers. Present study is intended to evaluate the behaviour of the laminar sub-layer in a turbulent boundary layer using a hot-wire anemometer system. The study was conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel at a Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness of approximately Reθ = 1000. A smooth-flat plate and a plate with a single transverse square groove was used in the study of the boundary layer characteristics. The groove size of 10 mm x 10 mm was cut transversally across the test plate. The results show that no significant differences in the streamwise mean velocity, steamwise turbulence intensity, and velocity signals for the smooth-and grooved-wall cases. For the the energy spectra for the two cases, however, show significant differences.
Optimization of Cable Ties Injection Molding Process Using Back Propagation Neural Network and Genetic Algorithm (BPNN-GA)
Authors: Wahjudi Arif , Soepangkat Bobby Oedy Pramoedyo , Arriyani Yang Fitri
Published: June 2016

Setting parameters in the injection molding machine play an important role to the quality of cable ties product. They affect not only to the number of the rejection products but also to their tensile yield strength. The goal of this study is to obtain a combination of process parameters such as nozzle temperature, injection pressure, injection flow, and switch-over to holding pressure, which results the optimal tensile yield as the observed response using Back Propagation Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm (BPNN-GA). In this study, a 4-8-8-1 BPNN model was applied to predict the tensile yield based on a random combination of process parameters. The tensile yield then was optimized by genetic algorithm through several iterations. The optimal tensile yield of 28.44 MPa has been obtained using the following combination i.e. nozzle temperature of 250 oC, injection pressure of 1400 bar, injection flow of 40 cm3/s, and switch-over to holding pressure of 13,2 cm3.
Multi Response Optimization Using Taguchi-Grey-Fuzzy Method in Drilling of Kevlar Fiber Reinforced Polymer (KFRP) Stacked
Authors: Mufarrih Am , Soepangkat Bobby Oedy Pramoedyo , Krisnanto Iwan
Published: June 2016

A research was conducted for the optimization in the drilling process of KFRP stacked, with multiple performance characteristics based on the orthogonal array with Taguchi-grey-fuzzy method. The experimental study was conducted under varying the drilling process parameters (feeding speed (mm/min) and cutting speed (m/min)) and tool geometries (point geometry and point angle (degree)). The optimized multiple performances characteristics were thrust force, torque and surface roughness. The quality characteristics of thrust force, torque and surface roughness were smaller-is-better. The experimental design used L18 orthogonal array with two replications. Experimental results have shown that machining performance in the drilling process can be improved effectively through this method.
Friction Stir Welding on Corner Joint with New Surface Preparation Design
Authors: Setiawan Widia , Darmadi Djarot B. , Suprapto Wahyono , Sunoko Rudy
Published: June 2016

Aluminium 6061 was joined by friction stir welding (FSW) with new surface preparation on corner design. The distribution micro structure in Corner-joints was tool welded rotation (rpm), and travel speed (mm/mnt) observed and analyzed. The welding parameters observing the tensile strength, micro structure and micro hardness it can be said. The result structure micro are homogen whilst from tensile test the strength joint is quilt good even better from preview publihsed papers. The obtained with the transverse speed 15 mm/menit, and 1500 rpm.
Effect of Low Temperature Sintering on the Porosity and Microstructure of Porous Zeolite Ceramic
Authors: Respati Sri Mulyo Bondan , Soenoko Rudy , Irawan Yudy Surya , Suprapto Wahyono
Published: June 2016

Manufacturing a porous ceramic specimen from natural zeolite materials mined in Malang, Indonesia was conducted by using a low temperature sintering. In this study, a porous ceramic property with rectangular shaped and prism shaped fillets at each end were sintered at 800-900°C and finally were investigated. Density and porosity measurements were performed using Archimedes method. The microstructure photos were used to measure the neck diameter and the contact angle between the two grains particles and two-dimensional porosity. The result of the zeolite ceramic measurement shows that the higher the sintering temperature the higher the density value and the smaller the open porosity. While from the microstructure photo it is shown that the neck diameter was larger the contact angle was wider. This phenomenon was happened because of the flux diffusion on the grain boundaries. This diffusion flow condition would influence the specimen surface, volume and grain boundary so that the porous ceramic density increases.
Response Reduction of Two DOF Shear Structure Using TMD and TLCD by Considering Absorber Space Limit and Fluid Motion
Authors: Son Lovely , Bur Mulyadi , Rusli Meifal
Published: June 2016

A Combination of dynamic vibration absorbers (DVAs) consist of Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) and Tuned Liquid Column Damper (TLCD) for reducing vibration response of a two-DOF shear structure model is proposed. The absorber parameters are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The cost function is derived from the ratio between structure response and the excitation signal. The limitation in absorber space and fluid motion are considered during optimization process. The simulation results show that GA optimization procedure is effective to get the optimal absorber parameters in the case of limited absorber size and motion.
Characteristics of Decompression Tank Internally Pressurized with Water Using OpenFOAM
Authors: Syamsuri
Published: June 2016

Decompression tank is a tank in which pressurized with water. In its application decompression tank can be reservoir tank and water storage tanks which are closed. In the simulation the value of compressibility is very important for the case decompression tank. The method used is the numerical simulations using OpenFOAM software to know the results of observation the value of the pressure, density, and velocity magnitude. Simulations will be performed by varying the value of the water compressibility 4.54e-06 4.54e-07, and 4.54e-08. Before performing simulations on the main case decompression tank then first performed by grid independent test to validate the simulation results from the study by another researcher. From the results of experiments with variation of compressibility of water it can be seen that a good comparisons with numerical simulation and previous studies show the capability of this method. The greater the value compressibility water then the pressure distribution generated more widely and rapidly spreadas well as the velocity distribution. However for the distribution of the speed with greater compressibility of the velocity distribution will become more varied and occurs only in a small area.
Experimental Study of the Cross Flow Turbine
Authors: Sutikno Djoko , Soenoko Rudy , Soeparman Sudjito , Wahyudi Slamet
Published: June 2016

The experimental study was intended to investigate characteristics of the cross flow turbine based to the three models designed on the same runner diameter with different runner length of each. The Flow rates were measured by magnetic flow meter, the forces were detected by using spring balance and turbine speeds were detected by tachometer. The performance characteristics are shown by the relation of Power and efficiency versus jet entry arc, as well as the relation of Power and efficiency versus ratio between diameter and width of runner. The study indicated that the efficiency of the models were slightly difference, the highest efficiency indicated by the turbine with the ratio between length of runner and the diameter of the runner was 2; It was corresponding to the 75 degree entry arc.
CFD Analysis of Wind Effects on High-Rise Buildings Complex "Panorama City in Bratislava"
Authors: Antal Roland , Jendzelovsky Norbert
Published: June 2016

Analysis of wind flow upon high-rise buildings is very common topic. Nowadays, there are no general or analytical ways how to analyze wind effects on irregular shaped high-rise buildings complexes. Scaled experiments tested in wind tunnels are best for precise solutions, however they are time consuming and expensive too. Therefore we use computational modeling software based on finite volume method to analyze these effects and then, thanks to these analysis we can design structures and optimize them. Paper deals with simplified 3D analysis of wind effects on high-rise buildings complex "Panorama City" located in Bratislava-Slovakia. Through this analysis we obtain results for wind speed near objects and external pressure coefficient as well. Both of them will be helpful to gain insight for future constructions or verification of already constructed ones.
Self-Supporting Form for the Production of Prestressed Concrete Prefabricates
Authors: Snirc Lubos , Nagyova Monika , Ravinger Jan
Published: June 2016

We are going to present in this article an actual problem in the production of prestressed concrete prefabricated elements. There is a problem of high transport costs in the case of bridges, that are made from prefabricates. In the production of T type or double T type cross section we can have a situation that the form could be more than 100 m long and prestressing force is self-fixed. Putting the polystyrene in the form we can produce 10 or more beams in one step. From a viewpoint of theoretical background this steel form represents a problem of stability and friction. A special steel assembled frame for the production of prestressed prefabricates could be arranged close to the bridge site. Horizontal deformations represent a special problem. Friction effect is introduced as the simplification of elastic support. Non-linear solution has been used.
Impact of Works Parameters on Resistance of Fasteners
Authors: Dudek Daniel , Knap Przemyslaw
Published: June 2016

Each structure should be designed so that the entire intended lifetime fulfilles its objectives in terms of usability, resistance and stability without significantly lowering its usefulness and without excessive, unpredictable maintenance costs. Therefore, each time selecting the appropriate fastener at the design stage of the load it must be determined how it can act on it during operation. Typically, the calculation takes into account the normal conditions. In reality, however, the fastener can operate in abnormal conditions. Effects of operating temperature and humidity onto a load-bearing capacity of fasteners of various types have been determined by the work. The study was conducted for concrete with different strength.
Modeling of Load Test of Piles
Authors: Prekop Lubomir
Published: June 2016

The paper deals with design of model and verification of a pile loaded by pressure. The pile is embedded in the layered ground mass. Its model has been created using the ANSYS software system. The obtained results have been compared with results of the pile loading test performed during the construction of a multifunctional building. In the conclusion the results have been presented in graphs.
Human-Induced Loads on Grandstands as Non-Stationary Gaussian Processes
Authors: Rokos Ondrej , Maca Jiří
Published: June 2016

In this contribution, we employ non-stationary filtered Gaussian processes as an enrichment of a periodic mean value in order to approximate crowd loads on grandstands. Our work generalizes previous considerations where the superposition of a mean value and a stationary filtered Gaussian noise was used, and helps therefore to better predict the response of a structure mainly in the transition stages. We specify general theory of stochastic differential equations within the context of grandstands by recalling particular moment equations, and demonstrate its benefits or drawbacks on two simple examples. Overall performance is measured in terms of the second moment evolutions in time and in terms of the total up-crossings of the system's response compared to previously developed stationary approximation and Monte Carlo simulation. Throughout, only an active part of a crowd is considered.
Numerical Analysis of the Influence of the Geometrical Parameter of the Flat Slabs Connected with Wide Beams
Authors: Wieczorek Mirosław
Published: June 2016

The computer software used in design work allows the analysis of structures to be conducted in an increasingly detailed way. A great advantage of computer programs is the opportunity to reflect the entire buildings or their significant parts. However, this often leads to calculations being prolonged. When using advanced numerical tools is not possible, the use of simplified models becomes necessary. The paper presents the proposed ways of modelling wide beams connected with flat slabs. As a point of reference for simplified models (shell-shell and shell-beam model), a spatial model consisting of volumetric models was developed.
Probability Aspects in Foundation Plate Design
Authors: Tvrdá Katarina
Published: June 2016

The probabilistic design analyses a plate involving uncertain input parameters. These input parameters (geometry, material properties, boundary conditions, etc.) are defined in the software model. The variations of input parameters are defined as random input variables and are characterized by their distribution type (Gaussian, lognormal, etc.) and by their distribution parameters (mean values, standard deviation, etc.). During a probabilistic analysis, software executes multiple analysis loops to compute the random output parameters as a function of the set of random input variables. The values for the input variables are generated either randomly (using Monte Carlo simulation) or as prescribed samples (using Response Surface Methods). In the conclusion, some results of these probabilistic methods are presented.
An Experimental Analysis of Large Vibrations of Selected Cable-Stays on a Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Polak Michal , Micka Tomáš , Klier Tomáš , Plachy Tomáš , Simler Miloš
Published: June 2016

The cable-stayed bridge at the inner ring road in Prague in the Czech Republic was put into operation in 1997. The longest bridge span is supported by fourteen cable-stay pairs and next fourteen ones are symmetrically situated on the other side of the pylon. The cable-stays in the ten longest cable-stay pairs are tied together since the bridge construction to prevent vibrations of individual cables caused by wind. The experiment described in the paper was carried out because the large amplitudes of vibrations (about fifteen centimetres) were observed visually on some medium-length cable-stays in April 2015. The experimental analysis was focused on the nine day long continual observation of the selected six cable-stays vibrations during the standard bridge operational state. The analysis of probable causes and the recommended measures to reduce observed large vibrations are mentioned in the paper.
Non-Smooth Surface Flow Drag Reduction Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump Impeller
Authors: Gu Yun Qing , Shi Zheng Zan , Mou Jie Gang , Wang Hao Shuai , Zhou Pei Jian
Published: June 2016

In order to improve the efficiency of centrifugal pump, based on the bionics principle, established non-smooth surfaces of various groove structure on the centrifugal pump impeller. The internal flow field of it was numerically simulated through RNG k-ε turbulence model. Research the drag reduction characteristics of non-smooth impeller in different groove shape and arrangement. The results showed that the biggest drag reduction rate of centrifugal pump with non-smooth blades is about 6.22%. The blades of non-smooth unit can effectively inhibit the near wall boundary layer flow state, reduce the shear stress on blades wall, reduce the internal fluid turbulent degree of centrifugal pump, so that the fluid flow in centrifugal pump impeller is more stable, improve the efficiency of centrifugal pump.
Fresh Whole Blood Transfusion: Military and Civilian Implications
Authors: Goforth Carl W. , Tranberg John W. , Boyer Phillip , Silvestri Peter J.
Published: June 2016

Uncontrolled hemorrhage and exsanguination are the leading cause of preventable death, and resuscitative therapy is a critical component for survival. In various combinations, fresh whole blood, blood components, colloids, and crystalloids have all been staples of trauma care. The use of fresh whole blood is a well-established military practice that has saved the lives of thousands of American and coalition military personnel. Civilian use of fresh whole blood is far less established owing to the wide availability of individual blood components. However, this highly tailored blood supply is vulnerable to both natural and man-made disasters. In the event of such disruption, such as a major hurricane, it may be necessary for civilian hospitals to rapidly enact a fresh whole blood program. Therefore, the aim of this article is to review the current use of blood therapy for trauma resuscitation, the US military’s approach to fresh whole blood, and how maintaining a civilian capacity for fresh whole blood collection in the event of future man-made and natural disasters is key to promoting survival from trauma.