bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Change of Shape Line of Gradient Cut according to Division of Head Area, Angle and Slice Line
Authors: Guk Hye Ran
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to understand the change in the shape line according to the division of the head area, angle, and slice line by the gradation cut. Furthermore, this study aimed to provide basic data on haircuts by demonstrating changes in the cut design. Methods: The head was divided into upper and lower parts based on the top point, top golden back point, and back point. The top and bottom of the head were 45° and 75°, respectively. The hair length was based on 5 cm at the nape point. In the slice line, only the top of the head was applied with A, parallel, and V lines. Results: When dividing the head, the volume and vitality increased when the division point was placed on the top. Conversely, when the division point was placed at the bottom, the weight, volume, and sense of expansion increased. Line A had longer hair as it went to the face line, resulting in calmness, thinness, and sharpness. Parallel lines indicated plainness, neatness, and straightness. The V line had shorter hair as it went to the face line, resulting in cuteness, volume, and liveliness. A weight line in common was observed between the gradation cut head angle of 45° and head angle of 75°. The higher the angle, the less smooth the texture was; the more layers, the coarser the texture was. Conclusion: At the time of cutting, combing from the hair root and body position must be accurate to subsequently make the cut line accurate. When selecting an angle, it is recommended to have a high angle where it protrudes and a low angle where it enters. Creating detailed sections during top point and golden point procedures is recommended. Moreover, flat areas including side corner points are expected to improve the completeness of natural cuts by textured by overlapping weight lines.
Effect of Eucalyptus Extract on Bleach Hair
Authors: Kim Ju-Sub , Kang Hye-Jin
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effects of eucalyptus oil on damaged hair. Methods: Eucalyptus formulations were prepared by adding 0, 3, 6, or 9 g of eucalyptus extract, and these formulations were applied to level 8 bleached hair samples. Various parameters were then measured and compared in the treated bleached hair. The impact of eucalyptus extract on hair brightness was assessed by measuring L * values using a color difference meter. Additionally, tensile strength, absorbance (determined using methylene blue), and gloss of the bleached hair were measured. Results: Measurement analysis showed that L * values increased as the content of eucalyptus extract applied to bleached hair increased. A statistically significant difference in brightness was observed among 8L(3), 8L(6), and 8L(9) samples. Furthermore, average tensile strength of the hair increased as extract content increased, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. Absorbance analysis revealed a significant difference between the average value and statistical analysis value for each sample, indicating that eucalyptus extract affects the absorbance of bleached hair. Gloss analysis also revealed differences in average values as extract content increased, with a significant difference observed at 8L(6) and 8L(9) but not 8L(3), suggesting that eucalyptus extract affects hair gloss in a content-dependent manner. Conclusion: Statistical analysis of average values revealed that eucalyptus extract affected bleached hair in terms of brightness, absorbance, and gloss, with different eucalyptus extract contents having different effects on the hair. Future studies should investigate the effects of various other natural extracts on bleached hair.
An Experimental Evaluation of Åbsoro-Pep™ on Skin Absorption Using 3D Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Kwon Seung Bin , Park Soyeon , Lee Bongjik , Son Mi Lyeong , Ahn Kyu Joong , An In-Sook
Published: April 2024

Purpose: The skin acts as a barrier to prevent external harmful substances from entering the body. This function interferes with active ingredient absorption. Understanding the degree of absorption of the substance into the skin is important to predict the effectiveness of cosmetic active ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the human efficacy of Åbsoro-Pep™ substance, which contains gold cysteinyl hydroxy-prolyl dipeptide-48 as a key ingredient, for improving absorption. Methods: This study conducted a human application test to evaluate the improvement in skin absorption (including absorption rate, speed, and depth) of Åbsoro-Pep™ using three-dimensional Raman spectroscopy, targeting adult women aged 20–68 years. Results: The results revealed that skin absorption rate, speed, and depth were all significantly enhanced (p<0.001) 30 min after application of the test substance compared to before application. Additionally, a high-concentration test confirmed that substance A application site was more helpful than substance B application site by improving skin absorption rate, speed, and depth by 1.80, 2.13, and 2.13 times, respectively. Conclusion: Åbsoro-Pep™, which combines gold nanoparticles with peptides, is expected to be predominantly used and applied in functional cosmetics to improve skin absorption.
Singling Height and Shape in Men’s Sang-go Haircuts
Authors: Jang Seon-Mi , Jung Won-Ji
Published: April 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to collect foundational data on men’s haircuts by investigating singlingheight and dimensions in high-rise haircuts. Methods: The survey was conducted for the hairdressers. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0, incorporating three-sample t-tests and related analyses, including correspondence analysis. Results: The findings revealed that the singlings heights for men’s haircuts were 3–4, 6, and 8 cm for low-height, medium-height, and high-height styles, respectively. Conclusion: This study expsinglingshingling height and shape in men’s high-rise haircuts, providing essential data required for men’s hairstyling.
Recent progress in graphitic carbon nitride-based materials for antibacterial applications: synthesis, mechanistic insights, and utilization
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Wu Xinyu , Zhang Jian , Xu Huiyan , Yu Xin
Published: April 2024

Recent breakthroughs in graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials have catalyzed the development of highly effective antibacterial strategies. This comprehensive review delves into the synthesis, mechanistic insights, and applications of g-C3N4 in the realm of antibacterial research. The introduction first highlights the importance of antibacterial materials, emphasizing the urgent need for innovative solutions in the face of bacterial infections and the escalating challenges posed by antibiotic resistance. Continuing, the structural attributes and distinctive characteristics of g-C3N4 are examined in detail, elucidating its inherent properties that make it a compelling candidate for antibacterial applications. Subsequently, we meticulously dissect various methods used in the synthesis of g-C3N4, encompassing both top-down and bottom-up approaches, offering valuable insights into the production of this promising nanomaterial. Furthermore, it delves deeper into the sterilization mechanisms of g-C3N4-based nanomaterials, encompassing a spectrum of strategies, including physical structure sterilization, photocatalytic antibacterial effects, enzymatic antibacterial processes, and the synergetic benefits that emerge from the fusion of these mechanisms. Then, it comprehensively examines the practical applications of g-C3N4-based nanomaterials in antibacterial endeavors, encompassing their pivotal roles in water purification, air purification, treatment of bacterial infections, and the development of antibacterial layers in diverse settings. In conclusion, we encapsulate the crux of our findings and provide a forward-looking perspective on the potential challenges and opportunities in the arena of g-C3N4-based materials for antibacterial applications. This review aspires to galvanize further exploration and innovation in the design of high-performance g-C3N4-based materials, thereby contributing to the progression of antibacterial solutions.
Does Covid 19 affect the income of Muslim entrepreneurs? Case study of culinary MSMEs in Surakarta
Authors: Dewayanti Farah , Rudatin Ari , Perdana Andika
Published: April 2024

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the influence of sales turnover, business age, number of employees, operating hours, and Covid-19 on the income of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the culinary sector in the City of Surakarta, Central Java.Method – This study adopts a quantitative approach and uses primary data. Data were collected using a purposive random sampling technique. The analysis was performed using the E-Views method with multiple linear regression following the Mackinnon White and Davidson (MWD) model. The dependent variable is MSME income in the culinary sector, while the independent variables include sales turnover, business age, number of employees, operating hours, and the impact of Covid-19 Findings – The results show that sales turnover, number of employees, and the impact of Covid-19 have a positive influence on MSME income in the culinary sector of Surakarta City. However, business age and operating hours have a negative influence on MSME income.Implications – These findings have important implications for Muslim entrepreneurs striving for innovation in seizing opportunities during crises. The ability of Muslim entrepreneurs to utilize technology-based marketing can increase their income during crises. Technology makes indirect selling more accessible to MSMEs to increase income because the market reach is broader.Originality – This research differs from previous studies in terms of the research location, which is the city of Surakarta. The data used are primary data during the Covid-19 outbreak, and the respondents are Muslim entrepreneurs managing MSMEs in the city of Surakarta.
Islamic capital market support in the Indonesian halal industry development: SWOT analysis
Authors: Azwar Azwar
Published: April 2024

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as well as strategies for supporting the Islamic capital market in the context of halal industry development in Indonesia. Methodology – This study used a mixed-method approach in the form of a sequential exploratory design with a SWOT analysis technique. Findings – The Indonesian Islamic capital market has strengths in the successful oversubscription of sukuk issuances (both state and corporate) and growth of Islamic educational institutions. However, it has weaknesses owing to limited corporate awareness and public understanding of the market. Opportunities arise from a youthful and educated demographic, whereas challenges involve the complex issuance process and the limited involvement of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Strategic programs such as integration, incentives, value enhancement, and market deepening are recommended to address these aspects and promote the role of the Islamic capital market in the halal industry and Islamic economic development in Indonesia.Implications – This study devises a range of strategic measures aimed at fostering the establishment of a conducive ecosystem that bolsters the Islamic capital market's role in advancing the halal industry and Islamic economy within Indonesia.Originality – Unlike previous research, which failed to comprehensively investigate and analyze SWOT factors, this study successfully examined and assessed these elements. Furthermore, this study goes beyond the analysis by suggesting strategic approaches to bolster the Islamic capital market's role in the development of Indonesia's halal industry.
Psychophysics of Social Cyber-Physical System Acceptance
Authors: Dimitrova Maya , Chehlarova Neda , Madzharov Anastas , Krastev Aleksandar , Chavdarov Ivan
Published: April 2024

A review of literature, supporting the view on the psychophysical origins of some acceptance effects of cyber-physical systems (CPSs), is presented and discussed in the paper. Psychological effects like the reactance to a robot or the uncanny valley phenomenon suggest that CPSs are perceived as a special type of ‘being’, a phylogenetically emergent category, or a novel ontology in a philosophical sense, culturally developing as a function of the social brain. Justification of this view is provided by the psychophysically-relevant human responses to technologically and socially ambiguous stimuli on the one hand, and the probabilistic independence of the proposed ontology to similar ontologies, subjectively experienced by the human, on the other. The results of the presented in the paper analysis demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed hypothesis of ontological ‘near independence’ of the distribution of the probabilistic psychophysical processes in response to the cyber-physical stimulus as a socially evolving phenomenon.
Perceived Racial Discrimination, Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Behavior in Adolescence: Secondary Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from a Statewide Youth Survey
Authors: Cahill Meredith , Illback Robert , Peiper Nicholas
Published: April 2024

Developmental, clinical, and epidemiological research have demonstrated the salience of perceived racial discrimination (PRD) as a contributor to negative mental health outcomes in adolescence. This article summarizes secondary analyses of cross-sectional data from a large-scale youth survey within a predominantly rural state to estimate the prevalence and strength of association between PRD and serious psychological distress, suicidal ideation, and prior suicidal attempts. Data from 93,812 students enrolled in Grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 within 129 school districts across Kentucky were examined to determine prevalence rates for subgroups within the cohort. Logistic regression analyses assessed differences and established comparative strength of association among these variables for racial/ethnic subgroups. PRD was self-reported at high rates across several demographic subgroups and was most evident among Black (24.5%) and Asian (22.1%) students. Multiracial students experienced the highest rates of both SPD and suicidality. Both for the entire cohort and for each racial/ethnic subgroup, PRD was significantly associated with increased likelihood of negative mental health outcomes, although the strength of these associations varied across subgroups and developmental levels. Implications for early intervention and prevention are discussed.
Efficiency of maintenance of insurance medical organizations in the healthcare system of the Russian Federation.
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara, Saraev A. R. ,   State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Cherkasov S. N. ,   Federal State Institution of Science Institute of Management Problems them. V. A. Trapeznikov Russian Academy of Sciences, Lukin A. G. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «Samara State University of Economics» of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The problems of domestic healthcare are associated with a number of factors that are influenced by the indicators of the economic state of the country. At the same time, the main problem is inadequate financing associated, among other things, with the participation of insurance medical organizations in the healthcare financing model. Comparison of the amount of expenses for the maintenance of the compulsory health insurance system and other extra-budgetary social funds reflect the situation with the financing of the compulsory health insurance system. A comparative assessment of maintenance costs makes it possible to identify the most optimal model for managing extra-budgetary funds in Russia.
A Modern view on the burnout in the medical environment: a literature review.
Authors:   International Institute of Process-Oriented Psychology and Psychotraumatology, Abrosimov I. N. , Zaoeva Z. O. ,   International Institute of Process-Oriented Psychology and Psychotraumatology,   Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology named after L. I. Sverzhevsky, Tsaranov K. N. ,   Moscow Metropolitan Governance Yury Luzhkov University,   State Research Center – A. I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre of the Federal Medical Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, Tarbastaev A. G. ,   Moscow Metropolitan Governance Yury Luzhkov University
Published: April 2024

The literature review presents the results of a theoretical analysis of modern scientific sources devoted to the problem of the phenomenon of burnout among medical workers. An up-to-date definition is given, criteria, signs and types of burnouts are described. Much attention is paid in the article to describing the dynamics of this phenomenon. Burnout is discussed in this article not only from a medical, but also from a psychological point of view. Various theoretical models and empirical research data are also described that reveal the clinical, psychological and organizational aspects of this phenomenon. In particular, it was found that doctors who combine different roles and functions in the workplace, as well as those working in emergency care, are more susceptible to burnout. The features of the development and course of burnout among doctors working in the scientific field are described. The authors proposed modern methods for diagnosing burnout in the professional sphere and targets for psychotherapeutic interventions for people with burnout traits. During the literature review, it was found that burnout remains a global health problem and requires further efforts to develop and implement programs for prevention, early detection and overcoming among employees of medical institutions.
Magnetotelluric Observations in the Caspian Sea
Authors: Belyavsky V.V. , Yakovlev A.G. , Yakovlev D.V.
Published: April 2024

—To study the geological structure in the search for raw hydrocarbons within the Volga delta and the Caspian Sea, two intersecting profiles of magnetotelluric sounding were performed. The analysis of geoelectric sections based on the one-dimensional inversion of the initial and normalized invariant curves of apparent resistance showed that it is necessary to use methods of three-dimensional mathematical modeling to form reliable geoelectric models. Their initial construction necessary for the three-dimensional interpretation of invariant apparent resistance curves was carried out taking into account their one-dimensional inversion. The resulting model, including the lower structural part, is constructed by the method of interactive matching to the apparent resistance curves of model curves calculated according to the program of three-dimensional mathematical modeling. This approach made it possible to take into account the influence of local galvanic distortions on the apparent resistance curves when evaluating the distribution of electrical conductivity in the lower parts of the subsea deposits. As a result of the integrated interpretation of magnetotelluric data, blocks with increased conductivity have been identified in the subsea deposits of the Northern Caspian Sea, which are most likely associated with high fluid saturation of Cretaceous and Neogene sediments. Their position correlates with the regional discontinuous structures of the region.
The SmartRX trial: Acute effectS of manipulating stRength eXercise volume on insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese adults: a protocol for a randomized controlled, crossover, clinical trial
Authors: Silva Luis Filipe Rocha , Garcia Bruna Caroline Chaves , Esteves Elizabethe Adriana , Mang Zach A , Amorim Fabiano Trigueiro , Dias-Peixoto Marco Fabrício , Gripp Fernando , Tricoli Valmor , Magalhaes Flávio de Castro
Published: April 2024

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin action on sensitive tissues is impaired, and even an acute bout of strength exercise can cause positive changes on insulin sensitivity. Current guidelines for strength exercise prescription suggest that 8 to 30 sets should be performed, although it is not known how such variations in volume impact insulin action. Additionally, this means an almost 4-fold difference in time commitment, which might directly impact an individual’s motivation and perceived capacity to exercise. This study will assess the effects of different strength exercise volumes on insulin sensitivity.
Methods: Fourteen overweight/obese individuals of both sexes who are over 35 years old will undergo 3 experimental sessions in a random order, with a minimum washout period of 4 days between them, after being thoroughly familiarized with the procedures: Session 1: high-volume (7 exercises, 3 sets per exercise, 21 total sets)]; Session 2: low-volume (7 exercises, 1 set per exercise, 7 total sets); Session 3: control session, where no exercise will be performed. Psychological assessment (affect, enjoyment, and self-efficacy) will be performed after the sessions. All sessions will be held at night, and the next morning, an oral glucose tolerance test will be performed in a local laboratory, from which indexes of insulin sensitivity will be derived.
Discussion: We believe this study will aid in strength exercise prescription for those individuals who claim not to have time to exercise and to those who perceive high-volume strength exercise intimidating to adhere to.
Trial registration: Clinical trial registry number: ReBEC #RBR-3vj5dc5 (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3vj5dc5) World Health Organization Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1287-9212 Open Science Framework (OSF): https://osf.io/4gu87/
The collaborative working group method for pre-trial knowledge mobilisation: a qualitative evaluation of a structured process for iteratively refining a complex intervention (DAFNEplus)
Authors: Breckenridge Jenna , Gossage-Worrall Rebecca , Chadwick Paul , de Zoysa Nicole , Elliott Jackie , Gianfrancesco Carla , Hamilton Kathryn , Heller Simon , Lawton Julia , Rankin David , Stanton-Fay Stephanie , Coates Elizabeth
Published: April 2024

Background:
There is a lack of practical guidance about how to effectively mobilise knowledge at the pre-trial stage. Despite increased guidance on developing complex interventions in recent years, much of this focuses on the theory and principles behind high quality intervention development, rather than the practical aspects of how this should be achieved. This paper shares the findings from an embedded, qualitative evaluation of the Collaborative Working Group (CWG) process, a structured approach we developed to iteratively refine a complex intervention prior to a randomised controlled trial.
Methods:
The CWG was designed and delivered to support iterative refinements to a complex intervention pre-trial as part of the DAFNEplus research programme, a large intervention development study to refine and pilot a self-management education programme for people with type 1 diabetes. The CWG comprised monthly teleconferences and four strategically timed face-to-face meetings throughout the pre-trial period to support knowledge sharing between the practitioners delivering the pilot intervention and the researchers evaluating it. We conducted an embedded qualitative study to elicit CWG members’ experiences and to hear their views of the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of the approach. Data were generated through two focus groups with CWG members, four individual interviews with CWG facilitators and documentary analysis of meeting materials.
Results:
This qualitative evaluation shows that participants generally found the CWG to be an acceptable, feasible and useful approach to supporting complex intervention refinement pre-trial. The qualitative findings highlight five critical elements that shape the success and acceptability of the CWG approach: funnelling knowledge over time, negotiating trust, balancing practicalities, making epistemic compromises, and managing power and hierarchy in decision making. The findings highlight the need to build in adequate time and resources to support trust-building and knowledge sharing throughout each stage in the research process, in addition to the benefits of creating boundary spanning roles.
Conclusions:
This paper showcases a practical approach to operationalising collaborative intervention refinement and development pre-trial, with tangible lessons and recommendations for future research teams. The paper adds new insights and practical guidance to the intervention development and knowledge mobilisation fields
Novel and Rapid Molecular Diagnosis Methods in Comprehensive Genetic Analysis of 21-hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: xia yanjie , Yu Feng , Jiang Lili , Shi Panlai , Jiang Zhengwen , Kong Xiangdong
Published: April 2024

Background
Molecular analysis of CYP21A2 gene is of great importance to understanding the etiology of 21-hydroxylase deficiency. The aim of the study was to introduce a novel approach named CNVplex, together with SNaPshot assay and direct sequencing to identify CYP21A2 mutations efficiently and comprehensively. Targeted CYP21A2 mutation analysis was performed in 113 patients and 226 parents. Large rearrangements of CYP21A2 were characterized by CNVplex, twenty prevalent mutations including nine common microconversions and eleven high-frequency mutations reported in the literature were detected by SNaPshot, and rare mutations were investigated by direct sequencing.
Results
Of the 113 21-OHD patients, 95.6% of affected alleles could be detected accurately by SNaPshot and CNVplex. Prevalent mutations were detected in 69.5% alleles, with 62.4% were pseudogene-derived microconversions, 1.8% were non pseudogene-derived mutations, and the rest 5.3% were complex variations resulting from multiple recombination between CYP21A2 and CYP21A1P. Large rearrangements were identified in 27.0% alleles, including five types (CH-1, CH-3, CH-4, CH-5 and CH-8) of chimeric CYP21A1P/CYP21A2 genes. Two novel CYP21A2 haplotypes and four de novo CYP21A2 mutations were characterized. Rare haplotype with a c.955C > T mutation on the duplicated CYP21A2 gene was found in 0.9% of proband and 33.3% of parents. In addition, four parents were also diagnosed for 21-OHD patients.
Conclusion
CNVplex and SNaPshot appears to be a highly efficient and reliable technique to use in a molecular diagnosis laboratory and together with direct sequencing based on locus-specific PCR might be a definitive way to detect almost all, common as well as rare, 21-OHD alleles.
Application of Geochemical Modelling and Multiple Regression Analysis to Reassess Groundwater Evolution in Kaduna Basin, NW Nigeria
Authors: Wali Saadu Umar , Alias Noraliani , Harun Sobri Bin , Mohammed Ibrahim Umar , Garba Muhammed Lawal , Atiku Mudassir
Published: April 2024

This review reassesses groundwater's hydrochemical evolution in the Kaduna Basin using geochemical modelling (GM) and multiple regression analysis (MRA). Hydrochemical data were obtained from the literature using a systematic approach and were subjected to GM and MRA. The geochemical modelling results showed that aquifers are saturated with Anhydrite, Chlorite, Chrysotile, Dolomite, Gypsum, Halite, K-Mica, Pyrite, Quartz, Dolomite, and Goethite. The Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O system indicated that the studied locations fell in Na-montmorillonite and Kalinite fields. However, the K2OAl2O3-SiO2-H2O system showed that groundwater is stable with Montmorillonite, Kaolinite, and K-Feldspar. MRA and Na+/Cl- molar ratio revealed that rock weathering significantly controls groundwater. The Na+/Cl- values are above 1 in 83.33%, 54.84%, and 26.27% sampling locations in the Kudenda-Nassarawa area, Kaduna South, and Kakuri and its Environs, respectively. The overall p-value was less than 0.01 and R-Sq = 63%, suggesting that all elements significantly influence aquifers' hydrochemistry. Results of geochemical modelling, Na+/Cl- molar ratio, and MRA are concurrent as they both show silicate weathering as the factor controlling groundwater hydrochemistry. Thus, geochemical and multiple regression analysis offers a reliable and user-friendly tool for assessing aquifers' hydrochemistry. We hope this review's findings will stimulate other researchers to an analogous procedure in a forthcoming study on hydrochemical analysis, especially those from semi-arid environments.
Direction-dependent conductivity in planar Hall set-ups with tilted Weyl/multi-Weyl semimetals
Authors: Mandal Ipsita , Ghosh Rahul
Published: April 2024

We compute the magnetoelectric conductivity tensors in planar Hall set-ups, which are built with tilted Weyl semimetals (WSMs) and multi-Weyl semimetals (mWSMs), considering all possible relative orientations of the electromagnetic fields (E and B) and the direction of the tilt. The non-Drude part of the response arises from a nonzero Berry curvature in the vicinity of the WSM/mWSM node under consideration. Only in the presence of a nonzero tilt do we find linear-in-|B| terms in set-ups where the tilt-axis is not perpendicular to the plane spanned by E and B. The advantage of the emergence of the linear-in-|B| terms is that, unlike the various |B|2-dependent terms that can contribute to experimental observations, they have purely a topological origin and they dominate the overall response-characteristics in the realistic parameter regimes. The important signatures of these terms are that they (1) change the periodicity of the response from π to 2π, when we consider their dependence on the angle θ between E and B; and (2) lead to an overall change in sign of the conductivity depending on θ, when measured with respect to the B = 0 case.
Cancer Cell Line Inhibition by Osmotic Pump-administered Xylitol in a Syngeneic Mouse Model
Authors: Cannon Mark , Dempsey Elizabeth , Cosantino Ashlee , Chandel Navdeep , Ghoreishi-Haack Nayereh
Published: April 2024

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of continuous administration of xylitol (a commonly used dental prebiotic) via a subcutaneous osmotic minipump in a B16F10 syngeneic mouse model.
Methods: The B16F10 syngeneic model consisted of 6–8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice subcutaneously injected with five × 105 B16F10 cells suspended in 100 μl PBS in the right flank. The mice were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 was the treatment group with 10% xylitol-loaded pumps (n=10), while Group 2 was the control group with saline-loaded pumps (n=10). Alzet minipumps were implanted subcutaneously in the left flank of B16F10-injected mice once more than 50% of all mice developed palpable tumors. After pump implantation surgery, the mice were monitored daily and weighed 2–3x/week. Tumor sizes were measured with calipers 2–3x/week, and all mice were euthanized when their tumors became too large (20 mm on any axis or 2,000 mm3). The excised tumors were weighed and cut in half, with one half sent for histology and the other for metabolomic analysis.
Results: The xylitol-treated group survived substantially longer than the control group. The tumor size was reduced by approximately 35% by volume. Histological sections of xylitol treat mice suggested reduced infiltration and angiogenesis, which is consistent with previous studies. The metabolomic analysis demonstrates that xylitol reduces the tumor production of histamine, NADP+, ATP, and glutathione from the tumor, thereby improving the host immune response with ROS reactive oxygen species.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that xylitol has potential as an adjunct to oncological treatment and is being further investigated in comparison to monoclonal antibody therapy (Opdualag).
Improving the predictive assessment of water biological quality using macrophytes: Empirical testing and method selection
Authors: Gebler Daniel , Segurado Pedro , Ferreira Maria Teresa , Aguiar Francisca C.
Published: April 2024

Bioassessment in southern European rivers has been hampered by difficulties in reference data availability and the unknown effect of the interacting multiple stressors on plant communities. Predictive modelling may help to overcome this limitation. This study aims to develop and evaluate macrophyte-based predictive models of the biological status of rivers using various modelling techniques. We compared models based on multiple linear regression (MLR), boosted regression trees (BRT) and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Secondarily, we investigated the relationship between two macrophyte indices grounded in distinct conceptual premises (the Riparian Vegetation Index – RVI, and the Macrophyte Biological Index for Rivers – IBMR) and a set of environmental variables, including climatic conditions, geographical characteristics, land use, water chemistry and habitat quality of rivers. We assembled a dataset of 292 Mediterranean sampling locations on perennial rivers and streams (mainland Portugal) with macrophyte and environmental data. The quality of models for the IBMR was higher than for the RVI for all cases, which indicates a better ecological linkage of IBMR with the stressor and abiotic variables. The IBMR using ANN outperformed the BRT models, for which the r-Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.877 and 0.801, and the normalised root mean square errors were 10.0 and 11.3, respectively. Variable importance analysis revealed that longitude and geology, hydrological/climatic conditions, water body size, and land use had the highest impact on the IBMR model predictions. Despite the differences in the quality of the models, all showed similar importance to individual input variables, although in a different order. Despite some difficulties in model training for ANNs, our findings suggest that BRT and ANNs can be used to assess ecological quality, and for decision-making on the environmental management of rivers.
Rewilding shows differential fitness of Physella acuta snail populations with different invasive potential
Authors: McQuirk Kevin Arthur , DeCore Juliana , Castillo Maria , Adema Coen
Published: April 2024

The freshwater snail Physella acuta is globally invasive. Within this species, however, cox1 haplotype markers distinguished a globally invasive population (A) from a non-invasive population (B) restricted to North America, the native range of P. acuta. This study investigated whether invasiveness is associated with differential population fitness. Field-collected P. acuta were genetically characterized to establish laboratory populations representing mito-haplotypes A and B. While the nuclear rDNA cassette (7,023 nt) differed only by 0.03% between populations A and B, the mitogenome haplotypes differed in size (14,383 vs 14,333 bp) and sequence content (~ 9%). Under controlled laboratory conditions, growth rate, age at maturity, size at maturity, and reproductive output did not show fitness differences between populations A and B (3 trials). Population fitness was also studied using a rewilding approach. Survival and fecundity of A and B snails were evaluated during one- or two-week intervals among cohorts of 20 laboratory-bred P. acuta adult snails in flow-through cages in the laboratory or exposed to natural field conditions. Only modest differences in fitness parameters were indicated under laboratory conditions, providing no clear association of population fitness with global distribution patterns. Under field conditions, however, population level fecundity differed with population A having a 3-fold greater fitness than population B in 5 of 7 trials (survival in 3 trials; realized fecundity in 2 trials). Whereas laboratory-based studies indicated only minor differences, the rewilding approach showed significant differential fitness between P. acuta populations A and B that differ in invasiveness.
Galvanic Hydrogenation Reaction in Metal Oxide
Authors: Eom KwangSup , Kwon JunHwa , So Soonsung , Cho Ki-Yeop , Lee Seungmin , Sim Kiyeon , Kim Subin , Jo Seunghyun , Kang Byeol , Lee Youn-Ki , Park Hee-Young , Lee Jung Tae , Lee Joo-Hyoung , Fuller Thomas F
Published: April 2024

Rational reforming of metal oxide has a potential importance to modulate their inherent properties toward appealing characteristics for various applications. Here, we present a detailed fundamental study of the proton migration phenomena between mediums and propose the methodology for an exquisitely controllable metal oxide hydrogenation through galvanic reactions with metallic cation under ambient atmosphere. As a proof of concept for hydrogenation, we study the role of proton adoption on the structural properties of molybdenum trioxide, as a representative, and its impact on redox characteristics in Li-ion battery (LiB) systems using electrochemical experiments and first-principles calculation. The proton adoption contributes to a lattice rearrangement facilitating the faster Li-ion diffusion along the selected layered and mediates the diffusion pathway that promote the enhancements of high rate performance and cyclic stability. Our work provides great physicochemical insights of hydrogenations and underscores the viable approach for improving the redox characteristics of layered oxide materials.
Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Nutrition, Inflammation and Dialysis Adequacy among Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Elnoty Eman T. , Elwasif Salwa Mahmoud , Nassar Mohammed K. , Mortada Wael I. , Nabieh Kareem A. , Sobh Mohammed A. , Refaie Aymen F.
Published: April 2024

Background
Fasting the holy month of Ramadan is one of the obligatory rituals in Islam. Although sick people are exempted, some insist on fasting. Several studies concerning safety and its impact on patients with different diseases have been reported. In this context, the hemodialysis population represents a special entity. The present study aimed to assess the impact of fasting on nutritional status, inflammatory status, and the adequacy of hemodialysis.
Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 65 hemodialysis patients were recruited from the hemodialysis unit in the Urology and Nephrology Center at Mansoura University, Egypt. The participants were divided into three groups based on different intentions to fast during Ramadan. Group 1 included 21 patients who fasted daily (DFG). Group 2 included 25 patients who fasted non-hemodialysis hemodialysis days; we referred to this group as the partial fasting group (PFG). Group 3 included 19 patients who did not fast; these patients composed the nonfasting group (NFG).
Nutritional status was assessed using a subjective global assessment (SGA) and triceps skin fold thickness. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), human B-cell lymphoma/leukemia2 (BCL2), and advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) were used as inflammatory markers. Hemodialysis adequacy was evaluated by KT/V and the urea reduction ratio (URR). All patient assessments were carried out before, immediately after, and 3 months after Ramadan.
Results
There was a significant reduction in nutritional status in all studied groups (all P <0.05), despite a significant reduction in serum cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels.
The urea reduction ratio (URR) and intradialytic weight gain (IDWG) were the same before and after fasting Ramadan.
Kt/V and human soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE)
In the RPFG, fasting led to significant reductions (all P < .02) only in the serum albumin concentration and triceps skin fold thickness.
There were no significant changes in BMI, URR, cholesterol, FBS, KT/V, IDWG, SGA score, NLR, and BCL2 or sRAGE.
In the RNFG, there was a significant reduction (all P<0.02) in triceps skin fold thickness, and a significant change in the SGA score, and in the sRAGE. and BCL2 levels.
Conclusion
There was no harmful effect for Muslim patients receiving regular HD who wanted to fast with Ramadan on days other than HD session days. In the present study, this particular group benefited from both fasting and insignificant changes in almost all nutritional assessment points, inflammatory markers, and the adequacy of HD.
Therefore, our findings suggest that partial Ramadan fasting is tolerable by hemodialysis. patients and is not associated with important clinical complications. They should be closely monitored and instructed to adhere to their dietary and fluid intake allowances.
Dorsal Ulnar Cutaneous Nerve Conduction Study Based on Nerve Ultrasound
Authors: Park Eunjin , Chang So-youn , Park Hye Jung , Won Sun Jae
Published: April 2024

This study investigates the impact of the anatomical separation point of the dorsal ulnar cutaneous nerve (DUCN) on nerve conduction studies (NCS). Involving 26 subjects with DUCN NCS findings, it utilizes ultrasound to mark the DUCN's divergence from the ulnar nerve. NCS was performed at four points relative to the separation point. The findings indicate the maximal amplitudes occurred 2cm distal to the separation point, with significant amplitude reduction observed at 4cm. The study suggests optimal NCS results when stimulation occurs between the separation point and 2cm distal to it.
Intranasal bivalent vaccine with recombinant Influenza Virus expressing Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA) protects against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A virus infection in mice
Authors: Araujo Marcio , Cardoso Kimberly , de Souza Lara Alves , Santos Beatriz Silva , de Carvalho Ketyllen Andrade , Messias Sarah Silva , Gonçalves Ana Paula de Faria Gonçalves , Kano Flora Satiko , Alves Pedro , Campos Marco Antônio Silva , Xavier Marcelo Pascoal , Garcia Cristiana Couto , Russo Remo , Gazzinelli Ricardo , Costa Érica Azevedo , Martins Nelson Silva , Miyaji Eliane , Machado Alexandre
Published: April 2024

Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A virus (IAV) are significant agents of pneumonia cases and severe respiratory infections globally. Secondary bacterial infections, particularly by Streptococcus pneumoniae are common in IAV-infected individuals, leading to critical outcomes. Despite reducing mortality, pneumococcal vaccines have high production costs and are serotype specific. The emergence of new circulating serotypes has led to the search for new prevention strategies that provide a broad spectrum of protection. In this context, vaccination using antigens present in all serotypes, such as Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA), can offer broad coverage regardless of serotype. Employing the reverse genetics technique, our research group developed a recombinant influenza A H1N1 virus that expresses PspA (Flu-PspA), through replacement of neuraminidase by PspA. This virus was evaluated as a bivalent vaccine against infections caused by influenza A and S. pneumoniae in mice. Initially, we evaluated the Flu-PspA virus ability to infect cells and express PspA in vitro, its capacity to multiply in embryonated chicken eggs and its safety when inoculated in mice. Subsequently, the protective effect against influenza A and Streptococcus pneumoniae lethal challenge infections in mice was assessed using different immunization protocols. Analysis of the production of antibodies against PspA4 protein and influenza, and the binding capacity of anti-PspA4 antibodies/complement deposition to different strains of S. pneumoniae were also evaluated. Our results demonstrate that the Flu-PspA virus vaccine efficiently induces PspA protein expression in vitro, and it was able to multiply in embryonated chicken eggs even without exogenous neuraminidase. The Flu-PspA-based bivalent vaccine was demonstrated to be safe, stimulated high titers of anti-PspA and anti-influenza antibodies, and protected mice against homosubtypic and heterosubtypic influenza A and S. pneumoniaechallenge. Moreover, an efficient binding of antibodies and complement deposition on the surface of pneumococcal strains ascribes the broad-spectrum vaccine response in vivo. In summary, this innovative approach holds promise for developing a dual-protective vaccine against two major respiratory pathogens.
Preparation of composites with MgAl-LDH-modified commercial activated carbon for the quick removal of Cr from aqueous solutions.
Authors: Sun Ying , Wang Zexu , Zhang Shijie , Liu Chuyin , Xu Yunfeng
Published: April 2024

The problem of soil and water contamination caused by Cr discharged from dyeing, electroplating and metallurgical industries has become increasingly serious, which is a potentially great threat to the environment and public health. Therefore, it is essential to develop a quick, efficient and low-cost adsorbent for the remediation of Cr-contaminated wastewater. In this work, we successfully prepared MgAl-LDH/ commercial activated carbon nanocomposites (LDH-CAC) with hydrothermal. The effects of activated carbon type and loading on LDH-CAC were investigated. Moveover, we also have examined the adsorption capacity and adsorption behavior of LDH-CAC on Cr(VI), and proposed a potential removal mechanism. Lastly, the reusability of LDH-CAC was researched. The results showed that the prepared LDH-CAC@1 had the best removal performance at the commercial activated carbon type of CAC-103 and activated carbon loading of 1.0 g. The adsorption behavior study, on the other hand, indicated that LDH-CAC @1 could reach adsorption equilibrium within 10 min with a maximum adsorption capacity of 116.7 mg/g, which was significantly better than MgAl-LDH (10.7 mg/g) and CAC (21.3 mg/g). The primary removal mechanisms included adsorption-coupled reduction, ion exchange, surface precipitation, and electrostatic attraction. Reusability experiment revealed that the removal efficiency of LDH-CAC@1 decreased by 25.1% after four cycles, which illustrated the promising reusability of LDH-CAC@1.This study provides an effective adsorbent with a remarkably fast reaction, which has positive environmental significance for the treatment of Cr (VI) wastewater.
Performance evaluation of standardized residency training based on non-parametric intelligent group decision method
Authors: Zhou Rui , Xu Dandan , Ma LiJuan , Wang Xiaoying , Xu JiaLi , Song Qiwei , Xia Qun
Published: April 2024

Background
This study focuses on evaluating the performance of standardized residency training using a non-parametric intelligent group decision method.
Methods
In this study, a non-parametric intelligent group decision method is designed to create evaluation models for the performance of two hundred pediatric residents undergoing standardized training skills assessment in Anhui Province,China. The evaluation process involves analyzing six indicators: cardiopulmonary resuscitation, humanistic communication, history taking, physical examination, medical record writing, and case analysis.
Results
The two models exhibit consistency in both data and performance levels, validating the scientific feasibility of the new method. The empirical analysis highlights shortcomings in residents' medical record writing and case analysis abilities. Enhancing competency in these areas emerges as a crucial focus in standardized residency training.
Conclusion
The application of non-parametric intelligent group decision-based performance evaluation outperforms relying solely on multiple examiner scores in standardized residency training. This approach effectively identifies individual trainees' strengths and weaknesses, offers improvement recommendations, and supports decisions for disciplinary training base advancement.