bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipuler des chaînes de caractères en Python
Authors: Turkel William J. , Crymble Adam
Published: May 2020

Cette leçon constitue une brève introduction aux techniques de manipulation des chaînes de caractères en Python.
Bütçe Açıkları Belirleyicilerinin Ekonometrik Analizi: Türkiye Uygulaması (2006-2015)*
Authors: CEYHAN M. Said , KOÇ YILDIZ Seçil
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of budget deficits in 2006-2015 on growth, inflation, employment, unemployment and foreign exchange deficits through econometric analyzes. In the study, the stability of the series is examined with the ADF unit root test and stagnation can be achieved in budget deficits, growth and inflation , but not in employment, unemployment and exchange rate. For this reason, budget deficits continue to be driven by growth and inflation. After stabilization, the Johansen cointegration test is used to investigate the cointegration relationship between budget deficits and growth and inflation. According to the results obtained, cointegration relation between budget deficits and growth and inflation was found. An error correction model (VECM) has been applied in order to find the causality relation due to the cointegration relation. According to the results of the amprical application; Long-term relationship between budget deficits and inflation was bi-directional, while budget deficits and growth were growing without one-way causality relation to budget deficits.
Ülkelerin Yaşanabilirlik Düzeylerinin COPRAS Yöntemiyle Karşılaştırmalı Analizi: BRICS Ülkeleri ve Türkiye
Authors: ŞAHİN Can , ÖZTEL Ahmet
Published: May 2020

Bir ülkedeki insanların kaliteli bir yaşam
sürdürebilmeleri belirli ekonomik, sosyal ve siyasal bazı kriterlere bağlıdır.
Bu kriterlere işsizlik oranının düşüklüğü, 
adaletli bir gelir dağılımı, şehirleşme, eğitim ve sağlık sistemlerinin
kaliteli olması gibi çeşitli örnekler verilebilir. Bu çalışmada,   BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin,
Güney Afrika) ülkeleri ve Türkiye’nin, yaşanabilirlik düzeylerinin
karşılaştırmalı analizi, COPRAS yöntemi ile yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada,
kriter olarak GSYİH, nüfus yoğunluğu, ortalama yaşam süresi, işsizlik oranı,
insani gelişmişlik endeksi ele alınmıştır. Çalışma sonunda,  veriler ile elde edilen ülkelerin
sıralamaları sonuç bölümünde yorumlanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz
sonucunda, yaşanabilirlik seviyesine göre; en yüksek Rusya, az bir farkla
ikinci Çin olurken Güney Afrika sonuncu olarak tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye ise
sıralamada dördüncü sırada yer almıştır.
ÇEVRECİ ANLAYIŞIN SİYASALLAŞMASI: YEŞİL SİYASET VE TÜRKİYE
Authors: BOZKIR Özge
Published: May 2020

Endüstri devrimi
sonrası artan çevresel sorunların canlı ve cansız varlığını tehdit etmesi,
çevreye verilen zararın sorgulanmasına ve çevreci anlayışın gündeme gelmesine
vesile oldu. Özellikle gelişmiş ülkelerde çevreci söylemler ve çevreci
hareketler hız kazanmaya başladı en nihayetinde çevreci anlayışa sahip çevreci
örgütler ve yeşil partiler kurulmaya başladı. Çevreci anlayışın siyasi alanda
boy göstermeye çalışması siyasette yeşil görüş anlayışını ortaya çıkardı. Dünya
siyasetin de var olan bu anlayış, Türkiye’de de kendine yer bulmaktadır. Bu
çalışma da çevrecilik kavramına, çevreci anlayışın ortaya çıkış ve siyasallaşma
sürecine ve Türkiye’ de çevreci anlayışın gelişimine ve siyasallaşmasına yer
verilecektir.
TARİH YAZICILIĞI VE KÜRTÇÜLÜK ÜZERİNDEN KÜRT HALKININ SUİSTİMALİ
Authors: MERCİMEK Şehriban
Published: May 2020

Ulus devlet olma sürecinde birçok toplum,
ortak bir tarih inşa etme yoluna gitmiştir. Bu durum faklı etnik unsurları
barındıran devletleri zayıflatma aracı olarak da kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada
ele alınacak olan konu, zorlama bir tarih icadıyla Kürtçülüğün yine Kürt
halkına karşı bir suistimal aracı olarak kullanılmasıdır. Osmanlı Devleti içindeki
Kürt unsurunu fark eden emperyalist güçler, misyonerler ve konsoloslar gibi
ajanlık faaliyeti de yürüten elemanları ile ayrılıkçı tohumlarını ekmişlerdir.
Ayrılıkçı Kürt milliyetçiliğinin ortaya çıkmasının bir nedeni de Osmanlı Devleti’nin
son zamanlarında ve Cumhuriyet’in ilk dönemlerinde yürütülen yanlış
politikalardır. Kendi çıkarları için sürekli Kürt toplumunun milli duygularını
kullanan emperyalist güçler, verdikleri vaatlerle Kürt toplumu üzerinden
vekalet savaşları yürütmektedir. 21. yüzyılda hâlâ etkili olmaya devam eden
milliyetçilik akımı yüzyıllardır bir arada yaşayan kardeş halklar arasında
oluşturulmaya çalışılan suni bir savaş çabasına dönüşmüştür.
Building the Integrity of Urban Development Planner Through Corruption Risk Management and Assessment: Literature Review
Authors: Budiati Lilin
Published: May 2020

Planning in the broadest sense covers definition and selection of needs to evaluation and audit phase. Planning and planners have unique and strategic positions, roles, and functions, because they bring together two sides of interests: public sector interests and private sector interests. This uniqueness causes the field of planning and planners to have a political role and bargaining position in the development planning process. This political role can cause the presence of two sides, which are the bright side as the planner with integrity, who can design internal control systems and risk management for prevention and detection of corruption, and the dark side as the conspirator with public officials and the contractor or business corporation to bring corruption together. The dark side of planning becomes the entry point for corruption and/or fraud. The bright side of planning can be used to build the integrity of community and society, through the application of internal control systems and risk management that are based on specific corruption indicators such as Government Institution Risk Indicator (GIRI), Contractor Risk Indicator (CRI), and Political Connection Indicator (PCI).
Utilización de los futuros y opciones en el Mercado Financiero Ecuatoriano
Authors: Morales Sanchez Lucy Tanya
Published: May 2020

La utilización de los futuros y opciones en el mercado financiero ecuatoriano en el que se refleja que existe un gran volumen de negociaciones con las herramientas denominadas; contratos a futuro y contratos de opciones, teniendo conocimiento de que estos se negocian en los principales entornos financieros internacionales donde se da comúnmente estos tipos de contratos, mientras que en nuestro país son comúnmente usados por los agricultores en sus operaciones en los se canalizan diariamente. Las inquietudes más relevantes de los empresarios en un sistema de negociación constante, sin una constante inflacionaria, permitiendo al inversionista seleccionar entre esas la más conveniente al momento de su inversión o la que más se ajuste a sus necesidades como inversor dentro del mercado financiero ecuatoriano, dependiendo sobre todo de su estructura de costos, expectativas de precios en el mercado financiero de nuestro país que lo aplica muy poco en comparación a otros mercados internacionales.
Simulation and Optimization of Lead-Based Perovskite Solar Cells with Cuprous Oxide as a P-type Inorganic Layer
Authors: Eli D. , Onimisi M. Y. , Garba S. , Ugbe R. U. , Owolabi J. A. , Ige O. O. , Ibeh G. J. , Muhammed A. O.
Published: May 2020

The hole transporting material (HTM) is responsible for selectively transporting holes and blocking electrons which also plays a crucial role in the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Spiro-MeOTAD is the most popular material, which is expensive and can be easily affected by moisture content. There is a need to find an alternative HTM with sufficiently high resistance to moisture content. In this paper, the influence of some parameters with cuprous oxide (Cu2O) as HTM was investigated using a solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS). These include the influence of doping concentration and thickness of the absorber layer, the effect of thickness of ETM and HTM as well as electron affinities of ETM and HTM on the performance of the PSCs. From the obtained results, it was found that the concentration of dopant in the absorber layer, the thickness of ETM and HTM and the electron affinity of HTM and ETM affect the performance of the solar cell. The cell performance improves greatly with the reduction of ETM electron affinity and its thickness. Upon optimization of parameters, power conversion efficiency for this device was found to be 20.42% with a current density of 22.26 mAcm-2, voltage of 1.12 V, and fill factor of 82.20%. The optimized device demonstrates an enhancement of 58.80%, 2.25%, 20.40% and 30.23% in PCE, Jsc, FF, and Voc over the initial cell. The results show that Cu2O in lead-based PSC as HTM is an efficient system and an alternative to spiro-MeOTAD.
Antimicrobial Assessment of Different Solvent Extracts of the Root-bark, Stem-bark and Leaves of Acacia ataxacantha Linn.
Authors: Oguntoye O. S. , Okooboh A. M. , Bello O. M. , Usman A. H. , Abdussalam S. S. , Awolola G. V.
Published: May 2020

Acacia ataxacantha DC. (Fabaceae) is one of the most important medicinal plant used traditionally in managing many ailments in Nigeria particularly infectious diseases. In this study, the stem-bark, roots and leaves of A. ataxacantha were extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water (from non-polar to polar solvents). These extracts were initially screened to identify the secondary metabolites present. They were then examined against eight bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi-murium) and seven fungi (Candida albicans, Penicillium spp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton megninii, Trichophyton. rubrum, Salmonella typhi-murium). Disc diffusion method was employed to establish the antimicrobial activity of the plant parts. Serial dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal (MBC) and fungicidal concentration (MFC). Methanol and hexane fractions of the root bark exhibited the highest inhibition zone ranging from 19-21 mm against the tested microorganism hence these were further assessed by determining their MIC, MBC and MFC. MIC value for the aqueous extract of the plant was 25 mg/cm3 against the fungi used while the methanol fraction was 15 mg/cm3 against the bacteria used. This work suggests that Acacia ataxacantha may possess compounds which can be a template for acquiring novel drugs which could act against infectious diseases.
An Epidemic Model of Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis with Time Delay
Authors: Adamu L. , Hussaini N.
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a mathematical model with time delay for the transmission dynamics of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL which is caused by protozoan parasite leishmania infantum and transmitted by female sandflies). Qualitative analysis of the ODE version of the model reveals that the disease-free equilibrium of the model is globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number, R0, is less than unity. Using time delay as a bifurcation parameter in the delay-differential version of the model, it has been shown that the incubation period has a significant effect on the stability of the equilibria and we derived the condition for Hopf bifurcation to occur.
Interações discursivas nas manifestações de habilidades cognitivas em um Clube de Ciências
Authors: Coelho Antonia Ediele de Freitas , Malheiro João Manoel Da Silva
Published: May 2020

Este estudo analisa as Interações Discursivas evidenciadas em um Clube de Ciências de uma Universidade Federal e sua influência para a manifestação de Habilidades Cognitivas nos alunos, durante a etapa de aproximação com a realidade de uma Sequência de Ensino Investigativo. Caracterizamos esta investigação como qualitativa e o local analisado é considerado um ambiente não formal de educação, onde desenvolvem-se atividades práticas investigativas por meio da experimentação, possuindo direcionamento para as Ciências e Matemáticas. Participaram da pesquisa 22 alunos do 5º e 6º anos, sendo selecionados 5 estudantes, acompanhados por um professor monitor. A atividade analisada foi intitulada “Problema do Copo” e explorou conteúdos relacionados ao ar e seu lugar no espaço. Evidenciamos que as Interações Discursivas identificadas auxiliaram para a manifestação de Habilidades Cognitivas nos alunos. Identificamos predominância de abordagem comunicativa interativo/dialógica e níveis de Habilidades Cognitivas alternando entre Baixa (N2, N3) e Alta Ordem de Cognição (N4, N5).
Shipborne observations reveal contrasting Arctic marine, Arctic terrestrial and Pacific marine aerosol properties
Authors: Park Jiyeon , Dall'Osto Manuel , Park Kihong , Gim Yeontae , Kang Hyo Jin , Jang Eunho , Park Ki-Tae , Park Minsu , Yum Seong Soo , Jung Jinyoung , Lee Bang Yong , Yoon Young Jun
Published: May 2020

Abstract. There are few shipborne observations addressing the factors influencing the
relationships of the formation and growth of aerosol particles with cloud
condensation nuclei (CCN) in remote marine environments. In this study, the
physical properties of aerosol particles throughout the Arctic Ocean and
Pacific Ocean were measured aboard the Korean icebreaker R/V Araon during
the summer of 2017 for 25 d. A number of new particle formation (NPF)
events and growth were frequently observed in both Arctic terrestrial and
Arctic marine air masses. By striking contrast, NPF events were not detected
in Pacific marine air masses. Three major aerosol categories are therefore
discussed: (1)  Arctic marine (aerosol number concentration CN2.5: 413±442 cm−3), (2) Arctic terrestrial (CN2.5: 1622±1450 cm−3) and (3) Pacific marine (CN2.5: 397±185 cm−3), following air mass back-trajectory analysis. A major conclusion
of this study is not only that the Arctic Ocean is a major source of
secondary aerosol formation relative to the Pacific Ocean but also that
open-ocean sympagic and terrestrially influenced coastal ecosystems both
contribute to shaping aerosol size distributions. We suggest that terrestrial
ecosystems – including river outflows and tundra – strongly affect aerosol
emissions in the Arctic coastal areas, possibly more than anthropogenic
Arctic emissions. The increased river discharge, tundra emissions and
melting sea ice should be considered in future Arctic atmospheric
composition and climate simulations. The average CCN concentrations at a
supersaturation ratios of 0.4 % were 35±40 cm−3, 71±47 cm−3 and 204±87 cm−3 for Arctic marine, Arctic
terrestrial and Pacific marine aerosol categories, respectively. Our
results aim to help evaluate how anthropogenic and natural atmospheric
sources and processes affect the aerosol composition and cloud properties.
High levels of primary biogenic organic aerosols are driven by only a few plant-associated microbial taxa
Authors: Samaké Abdoulaye , Bonin Aurélie , Jaffrezo Jean-Luc , Taberlet Pierre , Weber Samuël , Uzu Gaëlle , Jacob Véronique , Conil Sébastien , Martins Jean M. F.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Primary biogenic organic aerosols (PBOAs) represent a
major fraction of coarse organic matter (OM) in air. Despite their
implication in many atmospheric processes and human health problems, we
surprisingly know little about PBOA characteristics (i.e., composition,
dominant sources, and contribution to airborne particles). In addition,
specific primary sugar compounds (SCs) are generally used as markers of PBOAs
associated with bacteria and fungi, but our knowledge of microbial
communities associated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM) remains
incomplete. This work aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of
the microbial fingerprints associated with SCs in PM10 (particles
smaller than 10 µm) and their main sources in the surrounding
environment (soils and vegetation). An intensive study was conducted on
PM10 collected at a rural background site located in an agricultural area
in France. We combined high-throughput sequencing of bacteria and fungi with
detailed physicochemical characterizations of PM10, soil, and plant
samples and monitored meteorological and agricultural activities throughout
the sampling period. Results show that in summer SCs in PM10 are a
major contributor of OM in air, representing 0.8 % to 13.5 % of OM mass. SC
concentrations are clearly determined by the abundance of only a few
specific airborne fungal and bacterial taxa. The temporal fluctuations in the
abundance of only four predominant fungal genera, namely Cladosporium, Alternaria,
Sporobolomyces, and Dioszegia, reflect the
temporal dynamics in SC concentrations. Among bacterial taxa, the abundance
of only Massilia, Pseudomonas, Frigoribacterium, and Sphingomonas
is positively correlated with SC species. These
microbes
are significantly enhanced in leaf over soil samples. Interestingly, the
overall community structure of bacteria and fungi are similar within
PM10 and leaf samples and significantly distinct between PM10 and
soil samples, indicating that surrounding vegetation is the major source of
SC-associated microbial taxa in PM10 in this rural area of France.
Thermodynamic properties of isoprene- and monoterpene-derived organosulfates estimated with COSMOtherm
Authors: Hyttinen Noora , Elm Jonas , Malila Jussi , Calderón Silvia M. , Prisle Nønne L.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Organosulfates make significant contributions to atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA), but little is known about the thermodynamic properties of atmospherically relevant organosulfates. We have used the COSMOtherm program to calculate both the gas- and condensed-phase properties of previously identified atmospherically relevant monoterpene- and isoprene-derived organosulfates. Properties include solubilities, activities and saturation vapor pressures, which are critical to the aerosol-phase stability and atmospheric impact of organosulfate SOA. Based on the estimated saturation vapor pressures, the organosulfates of this study can all be categorized as semi-volatile or low-volatile, with saturation vapor pressures 4 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than that of sulfuric acid. The estimated pKa values of all the organosulfates indicate a high degree of dissociation in water, leading in turn to high dissociation-corrected solubilities. In aqueous mixtures with inorganic sulfate, COSMOtherm predicts a salting-out of both the organosulfates and their sodium salts from inorganic co-solutes. The salting-out effect of ammonium sulfate (less acidic) is stronger than of ammonium bisulfate (more acidic). Finally, COSMOtherm predicts liquid–liquid-phase separation in systems containing water and monoterpene-derived organosulfates. The COSMOtherm-estimated properties support the observed stability of organosulfates as SOA constituents and their long-range transport in the atmosphere but also show significant variation between specific compounds and ambient conditions.
The role of plume-scale processes in long-term impacts of aircraft emissions
Authors: Fritz Thibaud M. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Speth Raymond L. , Barrett Steven R. H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Emissions from aircraft engines contribute to atmospheric NOx, driving changes in both the climate and in surface air quality. Existing atmospheric models typically assume instant dilution of emissions into large-scale grid cells, neglecting non-linear, small-scale processes occurring in aircraft wakes. They also do not explicitly simulate the formation of ice crystals, which could drive local chemical processing. This assumption may lead to errors in estimates of aircraft-attributable ozone production, and in turn to biased estimates of aviation's current impacts on the atmosphere and the effect of future changes in emissions. This includes black carbon emissions, on which contrail ice forms. These emissions are expected to reduce as biofuel usage increases, but their chemical effects are not well captured by existing models. To address this problem, we develop a Lagrangian model that explicitly models the chemical and microphysical evolution of an aircraft plume. It includes a unified tropospheric–stratospheric chemical mechanism that incorporates heterogeneous chemistry on background and aircraft-induced aerosols. Microphysical processes are also simulated, including the formation, persistence, and chemical influence of contrails. The plume model is used to quantify how the long-term (24 h) atmospheric chemical response to an aircraft plume varies in response to different environmental conditions, engine characteristics, and fuel properties. We find that an instant-dilution model consistently overestimates ozone production compared to the plume model, up to a maximum error of ∼200 % at cruise altitudes. Instant dilution of emissions also underestimates the fraction of remaining NOx, although the magnitude and sign of the error vary with season, altitude, and latitude. We also quantify how changes in black carbon emissions affect plume behavior. Our results suggest that a 50 % reduction in black carbon emissions, as may be possible through blending with certain biofuels, may lead to thinner, shorter-lived contrails. For the cases that we modeled, these contrails sublimate ∼5 % to 15 % sooner and are 10 % to 22 % optically thinner. The conversion of emitted NOx to HNO3 and N2O5 falls by 16 % and 33 %, respectively, resulting in chemical feedbacks that are not resolved by instant-dilution approaches. The persistent discrepancies between results from the instant-dilution approach and from the aircraft plume model demonstrate that a parameterization of effective emission indices should be incorporated into 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport models.
Occurrence climatology of equatorial plasma bubbles derived using FormoSat-3 ∕ COSMIC GPS radio occultation data
Authors: Kepkar Ankur , Arras Christina , Wickert Jens , Schuh Harald , Alizadeh Mahdi , Tsai Lung-Chih
Published: May 2020

Abstract. The Global Positioning System – Radio Occultation (GPS-RO) observations from FormoSat-3 ∕ COSMIC are used to comprehend the global distribution of equatorial plasma bubbles which are characterized by depletion regions of plasma in the F region of the ionosphere. Plasma bubbles that cause intense scintillation of the radio signals are identified based on the S4 index derived from the 1 Hz raw signal-to-noise ratio measurements between 2007 and 2017. The analyses revealed that bubbles influenced by background plasma density occurred along the geomagnetic equator and had an occurrence peak around the dip equator during high solar activity. The peak shifted between the African and American sectors, depending on different solar conditions. Plasma bubbles usually developed around 19:00 local time (LT), with maximum occurrence around 21:00 LT during solar maximum and ∼22:00 LT during solar minimum. The occurrence of bubbles showed a strong dependence on longitudes, seasons, and solar cycle with the peak occurrence rate in the African sector around the March equinox during high solar activity, which is consistent with previous studies. The GPS-RO technique allows an extended analysis of the altitudinal distribution of global equatorial plasma bubbles obtained from high vertical resolution profiles, thus making it a convenient tool which could be further used with other techniques to provide a comprehensive view of such ionospheric irregularities.
Calculating Canopy Stomatal Conductance from Eddy Covariance Measurements, in Light of the Energy Budget Closure Problem
Authors: Wehr Richard , Saleska Scott R.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Canopy stomatal conductance (gsV) is commonly estimated from eddy covariance (EC) measurements of latent heat flux (LE) by inverting the Penman-Monteith (PM) equation. That method implicitly represents the sensible heat flux (H) as the residual of all other terms in the site energy budget – even though H is measured at least as accurately as LE at every EC site while the rest of the energy budget almost never is. We argue that gsV should instead be calculated from EC measurements of both H and LE, using the flux-gradient formulation that defines conductance and underlies the PM equation. The flux-gradient formulation dispenses with unnecessary assumptions, is conceptually simpler, and provides more accurate values of gsV for all plausible scenarios in which the measured energy budget fails to close, as is common at EC sites. The PM equation, on the other hand, contributes biases and erroneous spatial and temporal patterns to gsV, skewing its relationships with drivers such as light and vapor pressure deficit. To minimize the impact of the energy budget closure problem on the PM equation, it was previously proposed that the eddy fluxes should be corrected to close the long-term energy budget while preserving the Bowen ratio (B = H/LE). We show that such a flux correction does not fully remedy the PM equation but should produce accurate values of gsV when combined with the flux-gradient formulation.
SCDNA: a serially complete precipitation and temperature
dataset for North America from 1979 to 2018
Authors: Tang Guoqiang , Clark Martyn P. , Newman Andrew J. , Wood Andrew W. , Papalexiou Simon Michael , Vionnet Vincent , Whitfield Paul H.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Station-based serially complete datasets (SCDs) of precipitation and temperature observations are important for hydrometeorological studies. Motivated by the lack of serially-complete station observations for North America, this study seeks to develop a SCD from 1979 to 2018 from station data. The new SCD for North America (SCDNA) includes daily precipitation, minimum temperature (Tmin), and maximum temperature (Tmax) data for 27280 stations. Raw meteorological station data were obtained from the Global Historical Climate Network Daily (GHCN-D), the Global Surface Summary of the Day (GSOD), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), and a compiled station database in Mexico. Stations with at least 8-year records were selected, which underwent location correction and were subjected to strict quality control. Outputs from three reanalysis products (ERA5, JRA-55, and MERRA-2) provided auxiliary information to estimate station records and were also used as an assessment benchmark. Infilling during the observation period and reconstruction beyond the observation period were accomplished by combining estimates from 16 strategies (variants of quantile mapping, spatial interpolation, and machine learning). A sensitivity experiment was conducted by assuming 30 % observations of stations were missing – this enabled independent validation and provided a reference for reconstruction. Quantile mapping and mean-value corrections were applied to the final estimates. The median Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) values of the final SCDNA for all stations are 0.90, 0.98, and 0.99 for precipitation, Tmin and Tmax, respectively. The SCDNA is closer to station observations than four benchmark gridded product, and can be used in applications that require either quality-controlled meteorological station observations or reconstructed long-term estimates for analysis and modelling. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3735534 (Tang et al., 2020).
Non-stationary extreme value analysis applied to seismic fragility assessment for nuclear safety analysis
Authors: Rohmer Jeremy , Gehl Pierre , Marcilhac-Fradin Marine , Guigueno Yves , Rahni Nadia , Clément Julien
Published: May 2020

Abstract. Fragility curves (FCs) are key tools for seismic probabilistic safety assessments that are performed at the level of the nuclear power plant (NPP). These statistical methods relate the probabilistic seismic hazard loading at the given site to the required performance of the NPP safety functions. In the present study, we investigate how the tools of non-stationary extreme value analysis can be used to model in a flexible manner the tail behaviour of the engineering demand parameter as a function of the considered intensity measure. We focus the analysis on the dynamic response of an anchored steam line and of a supporting structure under seismic solicitations. The failure criterion is linked to the exceedance of the maximum equivalent stress at a given location of the steam line. A series of three-component ground-motion records (∼300) were applied at the base of the model to perform non-linear time history analyses. The set of numerical results was then used to derive a FC, which relates the failure probability to the variation in peak ground acceleration (PGA). The probabilistic model of the FC is selected via information criteria completed by diagnostics on the residuals, which support the choice of the generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution (instead of the widely used log-normal model). The GEV distribution is here non-stationary, and the relationships of the GEV parameters (location, scale and shape) are established with respect to PGA using smooth non-linear models. The procedure is data-driven, which avoids the introduction of any a priori assumption on the shape or
form of these relationships. To account for the uncertainties in the mechanical and geometrical parameters of the structures (elastic stiffness, damping, pipeline thicknesses, etc.), the FC is further constructed by integrating these uncertain parameters. A penalisation procedure is proposed to set to zero the variables of little influence in the smooth non-linear models. This enables us to outline which of these parametric uncertainties have negligible influence on the failure probability as well as the nature of the influence (linear, non-linear, decreasing, increasing, etc.) with respect to each of the GEV parameters.
On the intermittency of orographic gravity wave hotspots and its importance for middle atmosphere dynamics
Authors: Kuchar Ales , Sacha Petr , Eichinger Roland , Jacobi Christoph , Pisoft Petr , Rieder Harald E.
Published: May 2020

Abstract. When orographic gravity waves (OGWs) break, they dissipate their momentum and energy and thereby influence the thermal and dynamical structure of the atmosphere. This OGW forcing mainly takes place in the middle atmosphere. It is zonally asymmetric and strongly intermittent. So-called OGW hotspot regions have been shown to exert a large impact on the total wave forcing, in particular in the lower stratosphere (LS). Motivated by this we investigate the asymmetrical distribution of the three-dimensional OGW drag (OGWD) for selected hotspot regions in the specified dynamics simulation of the chemistry-climate model CMAM (Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model) for the period 1979–2010. As an evaluation, we first compare zonal mean OGW fluxes and GW drag (GWD) of the model simulation with observations and reanalyses in the northern hemisphere. We find an overestimation of GW momentum fluxes and GWD in the model's LS, presumably attributable to the GW parameterizations which are tuned to correctly represent the dynamics of the southern hemisphere. In the following, we define three hotspot regions which are of particular interest for OGW studies, namely the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains and East Asia. The GW drags in these hotspot regions emerge as strongly intermittent, a result that can also quantitatively be corroborated with observational studies. Moreover, a peak-detection algorithm is applied to capture the intermittent and zonally asymmetric character of OGWs breaking in the LS and to assess composites for the three hotspot regions. This shows that LS peak OGW events can have opposing effects on the upper stratosphere and mesosphere depending on the hotspot region. Our analysis constitutes a new method for studying the intermittency of OGWs, thereby facilitating a new possibility to assess the effect of particular OGW hotspot regions on middle atmospheric dynamics.
Offshore wind power intermittency: The effect of connecting production sites along the Norwegian continental shelf
Authors: Solbrekke Ida Marie , Kvamstø Nils Gunnar , Sorteberg Asgeir
Published: May 2020

Abstract. This study uses a unique set of hourly wind speed data observed over a period of 16 years to quantify the potential of collective offshore wind power production. We address the well-known intermittency problem of wind power for five locations along the Norwegian continental shelf. Mitigation of wind power intermittency is investigated using a hypothetical electricity grid. The degree of mitigation is examined by connecting different configurations of the sites. Along with the wind power smoothing effect, we explore the risk probability of the occurrence and duration of wind power shut-down. Typical large-scale atmospheric situations resulting in long term shut-down periods are identified. We find that both the wind power variability and the risk of not producing any wind power decrease significantly with an increasing array of connected sites. The risk of no wind power production for a given hour is reduced from 10 % for a single site to under 4 % for two sites. Increasing the array-size further reduces the risk, but to a lesser extend. The average atmospheric weather pattern resulting in wind speed that is too low (too high) to produce wind power is associated with a high- (low-) pressure system near the production sites.
Fermentation Parameters and Quality of Sweet and Biomass Sorghum Silages With Doses of Vinasse
Authors: Taveira José Henrique Da Silva , Costa Kátia Aparecida De Pinho , Aquino Millena De Moura , Da Silva Cecília Vieira , De Souza Wender Ferreira , Dias Mariana Borges de Castro , Da Costa Adriana Rodolfo , Giongo Pedro Rogerio , Pereira Ayrton Dourado
Published: May 2020

The cultivation of sorghum for silage production has gained more space each year because of its satisfactory nutritional characteristics, resistance to water deficit and adaptability to various types of soil. Thus, the use of sorghum silage has been an alternative for periods of low forage production, providing quality food for ruminants. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the fermentation parameters and quality of sweet and biomass sorghum silages added with doses of vinasse. The experiment was a 2 x 5 factorial completely randomized design with three replications of two sorghum species (sweet and biomass) and five doses of vinasse applied to the soil: 0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 m3 ha-1, totaling 30 experimental silos. For silage, sorghum species were harvested in the 105-day cycle, with 30.5 and 32.3 g kg-1 dry matter, for biomass and sweet sorghum, respectively. The results showed that the biomass sorghum silage showed higher dry mass production. However, the sweet sorghum silage presented a lower buffering capacity, NH3-N, and higher concentration of lactic acid. Doses of vinasse increased the content of crude protein, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and ether extract and reduced fiber fractions in both sorghum species, showing that both species can be used for silage production. Vinasse is a promising alternative to organic fertilizer, since the use of 200 m3 ha-1 positively influenced the fermentation parameters and nutritional value of the sorghum silages.
Envolvimento Paterno e Temperamento Infantil: Revisão Sistemática de Literatura
Authors: Schmitz Mariana Effting de Sousa , Deus Meiridiane Domingues de , Gouvêa Andressa Pires , Silva Sara Bueno da , Vieira Mauro Luís
Published: May 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre envolvimento paterno e temperamento infantil, entre os anos de 2006 e 2017. Realizou-se uma busca nas seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, PePSIC, SciELO, Web of Science e PsycINFO (APA), por meio dos descritores father e temperament e seus respectivos termos em português e espanhol. Foram examinados 19 artigos cujo foco de investigação foram a relação entre o envolvimento do pai e o temperamento do(a) filho(a). Os resultados foram divididos em duas categorias: Parentalidade, avaliação e influência no temperamento infantil e Paternidade e temperamento infantil. Verificou-se que o tema vem sendo pouco estudado no Brasil, em comparação com outros países e diversas áreas da saúde. A partir dos estudos analisados pode-se inferir que o pai tem influência direta em todas as fases do desenvolvimento infantil e no temperamento do(a) filho(a), especialmente ao que concerne a socialização e regulação do humor. Portanto, aponta-se para a necessidade de ampliação de pesquisas com este foco, a fim de favorecer e estimular a elaboração de políticas públicas e possibilitar novos modos de fomentar o envolvimento paterno na vida dos(as) filhos(as), considerando as variáveis que interferem nesse fenômeno, como o temperamento da criança.
Motivos de evasão na pós-graduação no Brasil: um instrumento de medida
Authors: Ambiel Rodolfo Augusto Matteo , Lima Costa Ariela Raissa , Jesuíno Ana Deyvis Santos Araújo , Camilo Camila Cardoso , Zuchetto Samanta Romanin
Published: May 2020

A quantidade de pessoas que iniciam e que concluem as pós-graduações é discrepante, mesmo considerando-se a duração deles. O objetivo foi adaptar a Escala de Motivos de Evasão do Ensino Superior (M-ES) para a Pós-Graduação. Foram realizados dois estudos, no primeiro os itens foram avaliados por juízes e novos foram criados em função do contexto. No segundo, participaram 639 pessoas, entre 21 e 62 anos, a maioria cursando a pós-graduação (75%). A versão de 7 fatores foi a que apresentou os melhores índices de ajuste e foi composta por motivos interpessoais, relacionados à carreira, falta de suporte, desempenho acadêmico, produção científica, reconhecimento acadêmico e institucionais. Os alfas dos fatores variaram de 0,61 a 0,97. A ciência é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de qualquer nação e é necessário garantir que as pessoas envolvidas em pesquisas tenham condições adequadas para concluírem seus cursos e contribuam com esse desenvolvimento.
Análise da adaptabilidade de carreira em estudantes concluintes do ensino superior
Authors: Santos Amanda Espagolla , De Oliveira Marina Cardoso
Published: May 2020

A adaptabilidade de carreira refere-se aos recursos psicossociais que são úteis para lidar com transições de carreira, competência indispensável ao mundo do trabalho contemporâneo. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar e comparar a adaptabilidade de carreira de universitários concluintes do ensino superior em relação ao sexo, universidade e área de formação. Participaram 387 universitários, do último ano da graduação de universidades públicas e privadas, de vários cursos e regiões do país. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram a Escala de Adaptabilidade de Carreira e um questionário sócio demográfico. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e comparação entre grupos (ANOVA). Os resultados mostraram bons indicadores em todas as dimensões da adaptabilidade de carreira e diferenças significativas entre grupos, sendo que homens, estudantes da área da saúde e de universidades privadas possuem melhores recursos relacionados ao constructo. Sabendo que a adaptabilidade facilita os processos de transição na carreira os resultados desta pesquisa podem ser úteis para o planejamento de ações e programas de orientação de carreira para universitários em transição para o trabalho.
Revisiting the FDI–Growth Nexus: ARDL Bound Test for BRICS Standalone Economies
Authors: Elian Mohammad I. , Sawalha Nabeel , Bani-Mustafa Ahmad
Published: May 2020

In this paper the author tests for the short-run dynamics and long-run cointegration relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and economic growth for the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) standalone economies controlling for real exchange rate, trade openness, and domestic investment. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing method of cointegration is used to test for the long-run relationship of our FDI time series model by investigating annual macroeconomic datasets for the years 1981 to 2018 (inclusive). Coupled with the ARDL, the error correction model is applied to test for the short-run dynamics, while the Toda Yamamoto test is used to examine the causality direction between the constructs of interest. The Breusch-Godfrey and Ljung-Box are used as diagnostic tests for the ARDL assumptions of normality, independency, and autocorrelation in residuals, while the Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey test is used to test for heteroscedasticity. According to the short-run estimates, all variables have a significant lagged impact on FDI inflows with slight differences among countries. As for the long run, estimates reveal a positive and significant impact of GDP on FDI inflows for Russia, India, China, and South Africa but a positive and insignificant relationship for Brazil. The long-run estimates for the controlling variables evidence varied results among the BRICS countries. In contrast to Brazil and Russia, the Toda Yamamoto causality test discloses a significant and unidirectional flow between the GDP growth and FDI inflows for India, China, and South Africa. The results have meaningful implications for policy reform structures, economic integration among economies, multinational firms, and portfolio managers.
Beschouwing van de bestaande regeling van commuun internationaal personen-, familie- en erfrecht van de Caribische gebiedsdelen van het Koninkrijk
Authors: Snel M.V.R.
Published: May 2020

Beschouwing van de bestaande regeling van commuun internationaal personen-, familie- en erfrecht van de Caribische gebiedsdelen van het Koninkrijk

In de Caribische gebiedsdelen geldt met betrekking tot kwesties van personen-, familie- en erfrechtelijke aard als geschreven regel van conflictenrecht dat het daarop toepasselijke recht het recht is van de ‘gewone verblijfplaats’ van betrokkene(n). Bij de praktische toepassing van deze algemeen geformuleerde regel rijzen de nodige vragen. In deze bijdrage worden de belangrijkste daarvan besproken, om vervolgens met enige handreikingen te komen inzake de omgang daarmee.
Overzicht van de belangrijkste belastingwijzigingen in Curaçao voor het jaar 2018
Authors: van Aalst A.C.
Published: May 2020

Overzicht van de belangrijkste belastingwijzigingen in Curaçao voor het jaar 2018

In het jaar 2018 zijn een aantal grote wijzigingen in de Curaçaose belastingwetgeving doorgevoerd. Er zijn in de Curaçaose winstbelastingwetgeving diverse begunstigde belastingregimes afgeschaft, nieuwe regimes geïntroduceerd en er heeft een modernisering in de oude successiebelastingwetgeving plaatsgevonden. De Curaçaose loon-/inkomstenbelastingwetgeving is in 2018 slechts beperkt gewijzigd. In deze bijdrage komen de belangrijkste belastingwijzigingen die van invloed zijn op het belastingjaar 2018 of later aan de orde.
Convexity Deficit of Benzenoids
Authors: Bašić Nino , Fowler Patrick W. , Zemljič Sara Sabrina , Stadler Peter F. , Retzlaff Nancy , Pisanski Tomaž , Gatter Thomas , Fallmann Jörg , Berkemer Sarah J.
Published: May 2020

In 2012, a family of benzenoids was introduced by Cruz, Gutman, and Rada, which they called convex benzenoids. In this paper we introduce the convexity deficit, a new topological index intended for benzenoids and, more generally, fusenes. This index measures by how much a given fusene departs from convexity. It is defined in terms of the boundary-edges code. In particular, convex benzenoids are exactly the benzenoids having convexity deficit equal to 0. Quasi-convex benzenoids form the family of non-convex benzenoids that are closest to convex, i.e., they have convexity deficit equal to 1. Finally, we investigate convexity deficit of several important families of benzenoids.
First-line tuberculosis treatment with double-dose rifampicin is well tolerated
Authors: Maug A. K. J. , Hossain M. A. , Gumusboga M. , Decroo T. , Mulders W. , Braet S. , Buyze J. , Arango D. , Schurmans C. , Herssens N. , Demeulenaere T. , Lynen L. , de Jong B. C. , Van Deun A.
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE: To compare the occurrence of unfavourable treatment and safety outcomes of double-dose rifampicin (RMP; 20 mg/kg/d, intervention) with standard dose (10 mg/kg/d, control) in a first-line tuberculosis (TB) treatment regimen for smear-positive TB patients in Bangladesh.DESIGN:
This was a randomised clinical trial. The primary efficacy and safety endpoints were the occurrence of an unfavourable treatment outcome (death, failure, relapse or loss to follow-up) and the occurrence of any serious drug-related adverse event (SAE).RESULTS: In primary efficacy
analysis, among 343 control and 347 intervention patients, respectively 15.5% and 11.8% had an unfavourable outcome. In safety analysis, among 349 intervention and 352 control patients, respectively 4.3% and 2.6% experienced an SAE. These differences were not significant. There was a significantly
lower occurrence of SAEs, explained by a lower occurrence of hepatic toxicity, in a RMP double-dosed but erroneously HZE (isoniazid+pyrazinamide+ethambutol) under-dosed subgroup.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that there is no statistically significant difference in terms of efficacy
and safety between standard and double-dose RMP. An accidental finding (related to dosage levels of the standard regimen) suggests that high-dose RMP is potentially a lesser cause of hepatotoxicity. Larger trials with more power, or trials with at least a triple-dose might be needed to clearly
see the effect of high-dose RMP on unfavourable outcomes.
Prevalence and risk factors of airflow obstruction in a Caribbean population
Authors: Conyette L. , Lutchmansingh F. , Sakhamuri S. , Simeon D. , Ivey M. A. , Burney P. , Seemungal T.
Published: May 2020

SETTING: The prevalence of airflow obstruction (AO) in the Caribbean population is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of and risk factors for AO (post-bronchodilator ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec to forced vital capacity of <0.7) in the Trinidad
and Tobago general population using the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease methodology.DESIGN: National cross-sectional, stratified, cluster sampling of adults aged ≥40 years.RESULTS: AO prevalence was 9.5% among 1104 participants, most of whom were unaware of this.
Compared to those aged 40–49 years, the adjusted odds ratio of AO by age group was 2.73 (60–69 years) and 3.30 (≥70 years). Risk factors for AO were unemployment (OR 4.31), being retired (OR 2.17), smoking ≥20 pack-years (OR 1.88) and exposure to dusty jobs for more than
1 year (OR 2.06). Related symptoms were history of wheezing, unscheduled visits to the doctor or admission to hospital for breathing problems and in subjects with at least one respiratory symptom (OR 1.90), at least one risk factor (OR 2.81), either symptoms or risk factors (OR 3.71) and both
symptoms and risk factors (OR 5.78) (P < 0.05 in all cases).CONCLUSION: AO prevalence in the general population of Trinidad and Tobago aged ≥40 years was 9.5%, almost all of which was undiagnosed. AO was associated with smoking, age >59 years, lack of employment
and working in a dusty job.
Do poprawy
Authors: Mazur Paweł
Published: May 2020

do uzupełnienia
COVID-19 and Older Adults. Lessons Learned from the Italian Epicenter
Authors: Cesari Matteo , Montero-Odasso Manuel
Published: May 2020

On March 13th, 2020, The World Health Organization effectively established that Europe is the new the COVID-19 pandemic world epicenter, as cases in Italy and other European nations soared. The numbers in Italy have climbed with over 80,000 cases as of March 25th, 2020 and with over 8000 deaths, placing Italy now as the country with the highest mortality rate. Importantly, older adults are particularly vulnerable to get severe illness, complications, and to have a higher mortality rate than any other age group. The clinical presentation in older adults with severe illness, in the experience from geriatricians in Lombardy, is described as quite sudden; patients can develop severe hypoxemia with the need of ventilation support in few hours. Geriatric syndromes are not a common form of presentation for COVID-19 in severe illness. It is suggested that stratification by frailty level may help to detect the most vulnerable, and decisions about healthcare resource prioritization should not be taken based only on age itself or previous diagnosis, such as having dementia.