bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Figure 2 from Large-scale Pan-cancer Cell Line Screening Identifies Actionable and Effective Drug Combinations
Authors: Bashi Azadeh C. , Coker Elizabeth A. , Bulusu Krishna C. , Jaaks Patricia , Crafter Claire , Lightfoot Howard , Milo Marta , McCarten Katrina , Jenkins David F. , van der Meer Dieudonne , Lynch James T. , Barthorpe Syd , Andersen Courtney L. , Barry Simon T. , Beck Alexandra , Cidado Justin , Gordon Jacob A. , Hall Caitlin , Hall James , Mali Iman , Mironenko Tatiana , Mongeon Kevin , Morris James , Richardson Laura , Smith Paul D. , Tavana Omid , Tolley Charlotte , Thomas Frances , Willis Brandon S. , Yang Wanjuan , O'Connor Mark J. , McDermott Ultan , Critchlow Susan E. , Drew Lisa , Fawell Stephen E. , Mettetal Jerome T. , Garnett Mathew J.
Published: May 2024

Shortlisting for active and selective combinations. A, Growth inhibition (Emax) and HSA matrix plots were generated for each combination in every cell line. Combo Emax and HSA were used to identify active combinations with benefit over single agent. B, Combinations were filtered on the basis of their activity and selectivity in the tested cancer types. C, Activity of each combination tested in this screen in 41 cancer types. The fraction of cell lines where the combinations are active is indicated and combinations are grouped by category. D and E, Top 10 hits in hematologic cancers (D) and solid tumors (E). Percentage of responder cell lines for each combination in each cancer type plotted versus cancer-type specificity scores. Each color represents a cancer type and combination categories are represented by different shapes. CD, cell death; DDR, DNA damage response; CS, cell signaling; chemo, chemotherapeutic agents.
Table S1 from EGFR-Driven Lung Adenocarcinomas Co-opt Alveolar Macrophage Metabolism and Function to Support EGFR Signaling and Growth
Authors: Kuhlmann-Hogan Alexandra , Cordes Thekla , Xu Ziyan , Kuna Ramya S. , Traina Kacie A. , Robles-Oteíza Camila , Ayeni Deborah , Kwong Elizabeth M. , Levy Stellar , Globig Anna-Maria , Nobari Matthew M. , Cheng George Z. , Leibel Sandra L. , Homer Robert J. , Shaw Reuben J. , Metallo Christian M. , Politi Katerina , Kaech Susan M.
Published: May 2024

Table S1: BALF Patient Sample Clinical Features
Data from TREX1 Inactivation Unleashes Cancer Cell STING–Interferon Signaling and Promotes Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Tani Tetsuo , Mathsyaraja Haritha , Campisi Marco , Li Ze-Hua , Haratani Koji , Fahey Caroline G. , Ota Keiichi , Mahadevan Navin R. , Shi Yingxiao , Saito Shin , Mizuno Kei , Thai Tran C. , Sasaki Nobunari , Homme Mizuki , Yusuf Choudhury Fabliha B. , Kashishian Adam , Panchal Jipsa , Wang Min , Wolf Benjamin J. , Barbie Thanh U. , Paweletz Cloud P. , Gokhale Prafulla C. , Liu David , Uppaluri Ravindra , Kitajima Shunsuke , Cain Jennifer , Barbie David A.
Published: May 2024

Abstract
A substantial fraction of cancers evade immune detection by silencing Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING)-Interferon (IFN) signaling. Therapeutic reactivation of this program via STING agonists, epigenetic, or DNA-damaging therapies can restore antitumor immunity in multiple preclinical models. Here we show that adaptive induction of three prime exonuclease 1 (TREX1) restrains STING-dependent nucleic acid sensing in cancer cells via its catalytic function in degrading cytosolic DNA. Cancer cell TREX1 expression is coordinately induced with STING by autocrine IFN and downstream STAT1, preventing signal amplification. TREX1 inactivation in cancer cells thus unleashes STING–IFN signaling, recruiting T and natural killer (NK) cells, sensitizing to NK cell–derived IFNγ, and cooperating with programmed cell death protein 1 blockade in multiple mouse tumor models to enhance immunogenicity. Targeting TREX1 may represent a complementary strategy to induce cytosolic DNA and amplify cancer cell STING–IFN signaling as a means to sensitize tumors to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and/or cell therapies.
Significance:
STING–IFN signaling in cancer cells promotes tumor cell immunogenicity. Inactivation of the DNA exonuclease TREX1, which is adaptively upregulated to limit pathway activation in cancer cells, recruits immune effector cells and primes NK cell–mediated killing. Targeting TREX1 has substantial therapeutic potential to amplify cancer cell immunogenicity and overcome ICB resistance.

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 695
A Next-Generation BRAF Inhibitor Overcomes Resistance to BRAF Inhibition in Patients with BRAF-Mutant Cancers Using Pharmacokinetics-Informed Dose Escalation
Authors: Yaeger Rona , McKean Meredith A. , Haq Rizwan , Beck J. Thaddeus , Taylor Matthew H. , Cohen Jonathan E. , Bowles Daniel W. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Papadopoulos Kyriakos P. , Diamond Eli L. , Sturtz Keren B. , Feng Gang , Drescher Stefanie K. , Reddy Micaela B. , Sengupta Bhaswati , Maity Arnab K. , Brown Suzy A. , Singh Anurag , Brown Eric N. , Baer Brian R. , Wong Jim , Mou Tung-Chung , Wu Wen-I , Kahn Dean R. , Gadal Sunyana , Rosen Neal , Gaudino John J. , Lee Patrice A. , Hartley Dylan P. , Rothenberg S. Michael
Published: May 2024

RAF inhibitors have transformed treatment for patients with BRAFV600-mutant cancers, but clinical benefit is limited by adaptive induction of ERK signaling, genetic alterations that induce BRAFV600 dimerization, and poor brain penetration. Next-generation pan-RAF dimer inhibitors are limited by a narrow therapeutic index. PF-07799933 (ARRY-440) is a brain-penetrant, selective, pan-mutant BRAF inhibitor. PF-07799933 inhibited signaling in vitro, disrupted endogenous mutant-BRAF:wild-type-CRAF dimers, and spared wild-type ERK signaling. PF-07799933 ± binimetinib inhibited growth of mouse xenograft tumors driven by mutant BRAF that functions as dimers and by BRAFV600E with acquired resistance to current RAF inhibitors. We treated patients with treatment-refractory BRAF-mutant solid tumors in a first-in-human clinical trial (NCT05355701) that utilized a novel, flexible, pharmacokinetics-informed dose escalation design that allowed rapid achievement of PF-07799933 efficacious concentrations. PF-07799933 ± binimetinib was well-tolerated and resulted in multiple confirmed responses, systemically and in the brain, in patients with BRAF-mutant cancer who were refractory to approved RAF inhibitors.

Significance: PF-07799933 treatment was associated with antitumor activity against BRAFV600- and non-V600-mutant cancers preclinically and in treatment-refractory patients, and PF-07799933 could be safely combined with a MEK inhibitor. The novel, rapid pharmacokinetics (PK)-informed dose escalation design provides a new paradigm for accelerating the testing of next-generation targeted therapies early in clinical development.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Spatial Mapping of Hematopoietic Clones in Human Bone Marrow
Authors: Young Andrew L. , Davis Hannah C. , Cox Maggie J. , Parsons Tyler M. , Burkart Samantha C. , Bender Diane E. , Sun Lulu , Oh Stephen T. , Challen Grant A.
Published: May 2024

Supplementary Figure 2. Targeted sequencing of BM fragments to identify somatic mutations. (A) Somatic mutations detected in 24 BM fragments selected for targeted sequencing, plotted at their location in the original sectioned specimen, color-coded by detected mutations and labeled with VAF. (B) Correlation of somatic mutations detected by sequencing and confirmed by ddPCR for JAK2 V617F (R2=0.99). (C) Correlation of somatic mutations detected by sequencing and confirmed by ddPCR for TET2 L1081* (R2=0.35).
Table S1 from Acquired Multidrug Resistance in AML Is Caused by Low Apoptotic Priming in Relapsed Myeloblasts
Authors: Olesinski Elyse A. , Bhatia Karanpreet Singh , Wang Chuqi , Pioso Marissa S. , Lin Xiao Xian , Mamdouh Ahmed M. , Ng Shu Xuan , Sandhu Vedant , Jasdanwala Shaista Shabbir , Yilma Binyam , Bohl Stephan , Ryan Jeremy A. , Malani Disha , Luskin Marlise R. , Kallioniemi Olli , Porkka Kimmo , Adamia Sophia , Chng Wee Joo , Osato Motomi , Weinstock David M. , Garcia Jacqueline S. , Letai Anthony , Bhatt Shruti
Published: May 2024

Supplemental Table 1 shows clinical and genetic characteristics for AML PDXs.
“Myeloid” Mutations in ALL Are Not Uncommon: Implications for Etiology and Therapies
Authors: Iacobucci Ilaria
Published: May 2024

In Blood Cancer Discovery, Saygin and colleagues report that somatic variants that are recurrent in myeloid malignancies can also occur with high frequency (16%) in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) where they correlate with older age, diagnosis following genotoxic therapy for a prior malignancy and worse outcome to chemotherapy. Mutations in these “myeloid” genes can precede ALL diagnosis and arise in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells that clonally expand and differentiate into both lymphoblasts and nonmalignant myeloid cells, supporting a role for clonal hematopoiesis as premalignant state outside the context of myeloid malignancies and providing implications for both ALL etiology and therapeutic intervention.

See related article by Saygin et al., p. 164 (4).
Emprego do teste de inibição da migração de leucócitos no transplante heterotópico de coração em cães
Authors: Stolf Noedir Antonio Groppo , Costa Roberto , Groppo Antônio Amauri , Moreira Luiz Felipe Pinho , Tupinambá Heitor Nanni , Santos Gilmar Geraldo dos , Lima Eduardo Caetano de , Fernandes Paulo Manuel Pego
Published: May 2024

Em onze cães, o coração foi heterotopicamente transplantado para o abdome, segundo modificação da técnica clássica.Foram realizados, de maneira simultânea e seriada, o teste de inibição da migração de leucócitos e o estudo histológico de biópsias do miocardio.Na avaliação imunológica realizada, houve estímulo da migração, seguido de inibição da migração de leucócitos, em casos em que houve rejeição e pequena varia variação do índice de migração, em casos em que ela nãoocorreu.Em conclusão, verificou-se que os parâmetros utilizados se correlacionam de maneira fiel, contribuindo para o diagnóstico da rejeição nos transplantes cardíacos, um deles de modo não invasivo.
Ferimentos arteriais associados a fraturas e luxações
Authors: Sitrângulo Júnior Cid José , Presti Calógero , Aun Ricardo , Silva Erasmo Simão da , Estenssoro André Echaime Vallentsis , Langer Berilo
Published: May 2024

Cinqüenta e um pacientes com ferimentos arteriais associados a fraturas e luxações, operados de janeiro de 1984 a junho de 1986 são revistos. São realçados os aspectos relativos ao diagnóstico precoce das lesões arteriais, uso de arteriografia e realização de fasciotomia no próprio ato cirúrgico, com o que se obtém uma melhora nos resultados. É evidenciada também a preferência pelo enxerto de veia safena como melhor (recor—- -~ jxaçãoóssea. Obtev (oxoxoxoxo)15,6%. A mortalidade não esteve relacionada com os procedimentos vasculares.
A Biblioteca de Bolso (Jean Paul)
Authors: Martone Juliana Ferraci
Published: May 2024

Tradução e nota introdutória de Juliana Ferraci Martone.
A Determinação do Ser Humano (Johann Gottlob Fichte)
Authors: Machado Lucas Nascimento
Published: May 2024

Tradução e introdução de Lucas Nascimento Machado.
O X que sustenta uma plataforma: Relações e cruzamentos do poema “Bahia de todos os santos e de quase todos os pecados” com o Manifesto regionalista e com Casa grande e senzala de Gilberto Freyre
Authors: Sinkevisque Eduardo
Published: May 2024

Este ensaio investiga, em uma primeira parte, o poema “Bahia de todos os santos e de quase todos os pecados”(1926), elencando seus principais temas e interpretando o objeto como embrião de outras duas obras de Gilberto Freyre, o Manifesto regionalista (1952) e Casa grande e senzala (1933); em uma segunda parte, comenta o libelo de 1952, indicando também seus temas mais significativos; em uma terceira, descreve sumariamente os temas de Casa grande e senzala, a fim de confrontar os três discursos e definir uma plataforma comum entre eles que possa apontar para uma imagem freyriana de um Brasil que se constrói desde 1926 e que explode ou eclode de vez em 1933, data da 1 a edição de Casa grande e senzala . Entende o Manifesto regionalista e Casa grande e senzala como amplificações ou ampliações do poema. Este, em contrapartida, é lido como síntese dos outros dois textos. Segundo hipótese de trabalho, os objetos mencionados colaboram para uma invenção de uma tradição sobre o Brasil que Gilberto Freyre mantém nos textos e amplia não apenas por meio de suas metáforas, mas em um conjunto ou unidade.
Espelho do Eu, enciclopédia do Mundo. Michel Leiris e o texto da memória
Authors: Fontes Filho Osvaldo
Published: May 2024

Na tentativa de espelhar seu autor num corpus, a autobiografia moderna rompe, na verdade, com a unidade e a continuidade da pessoa empírica, histórica e contingente. A memória que os textos de Michel Leiris (1901-1990) procuram reviver, explicitamente identificada com os espelhos enciclopédicos da cultura, não fornece umconjunto de predicados a um 'eu' constante mas, antes, uma série de lugares heteróclitos, um fundo imemorial e impessoal, onde se confrontam as lembranças da vida íntimae os fatos de linguagem que uma retórica luxuriante entende investir de caráter oracular. Este estudo percorre alguns momentos da tetralogía La Regle du jeu, bem como L'Âge d'homme, de modo a ressaltar os modos como uma moderna tópica da reminiscência retoma e reinterpreta uma multissecular arte da memória.
Impact of Contact Force on Pulsed Field Ablation Outcomes Using Focal Point Catheter
Authors: Younis Arwa , Santangeli Pasquale , Garrott Kara , Buck Eric , Tabaja Chadi , Wass Sojin Y. , Lehn Lauren , Kleve Ryan , Hussein Ayman A. , Nakhla Shady , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Taigen Tyler , Kanj Mohamed , Sroubek Jakub , Saliba Walid I. , Wazni Oussama M.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Conventional focal radiofrequency catheters may be modified to enable multiple energy modalities (radiofrequency or pulsed field [PF]) with the benefit of contact force (CF) feedback, providing greater flexibility in the treatment of arrhythmias. Information on the impact of CF on lesion formation in PF ablations remains limited.

METHODS:

An in vivo study was performed with 8 swine using an investigational dual-energy CF focal catheter with local impedance. Experiment I: To evaluate atrial lesion formation, contiguity, and width, a point-by-point approach was used to create an intercaval line. The distance between the points was prespecified at 4±1 mm. Half of the line was created with radiofrequency energy, whereas the other half utilized PF (single 2.0 kV application with a proprietary waveform). Experiment II: To evaluate single application lesion dimensions with a proprietary waveform, discrete ventricular lesions were performed with PFA (single 2.0 kV application) with targeted levels of CF: low, 5 to 15 g; medium, 20 to 30 g; and high, 35 to 45 g. Following 1 week of survival, animals underwent endocardial/epicardial remapping, and euthanasia to enable histopathologic examination.

RESULTS:

Experiment I: Both energy modalities resulted in a complete intercaval line of transmural ablation. PF resulted in significantly wider lines than radiofrequency: minimum width, 14.9±2.3 versus 5.0±1.6 mm; maximum width, 21.8±3.4 versus 7.3±2.1 mm, respectively;
P
<0.01 for each. Histology confirmed transmural lesions with both modalities. Experiment II: With PF, lesion depth, width, and volume were larger with higher degrees of CF (depth: r=0.82,
P
<0.001; width: r=0.26,
P
=0.052; and volume: r=0.55,
P
<0.001), with depth increasing at a faster rate than width. The mean depths were as follows: low (n=17), 4.3±1.0 mm; medium (n=26), 6.4±1.2 mm; and high (n=14), 9.1±1.4 mm.

CONCLUSIONS:

Using the same focal point CF-sensing catheter, a novel PF ablation waveform with a single application resulted in transmural atrial lesions that were significantly wider than radiofrequency. Lesion depth showed a significant positive correlation with CF with depths of 6.4 mm at moderate CF.
Women With a History of Preeclampsia Exhibit Accelerated Aging and Unfavorable Profiles of Senescence Markers
Authors: Suvakov Sonja , Vaughan Lisa E. , Parashuram Santosh , Butler Tobah Yvonne S. , Jayachandran Muthuvel , Kattah Andrea , Chamberlain Alanna M. , Bielinski Suzette J. , Milic Natasa , Garovic Vesna D.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Senescence, a mechanism of cellular aging, which is characterized by irreversible proliferation arrest and a proinflammatory secretory phenotype, has been documented in women with preeclampsia. As cellular senescence can persist and progress, we postulated that it is associated with accelerated aging phenotype and accumulation of comorbidities in women with a history of preeclampsia.

METHODS:

We included a cohort of women with a history of preeclampsia (n=40) age- and parity-matched to a group of referent women with normotensive pregnancies (n=40). Women with prior major cardiovascular events, neurological, or autoimmune conditions were excluded. We collected urine and blood samples to study markers of aging, data on multimorbidity at the time of enrollment, and prospectively followed them for events over the course of 6 years, on average.

RESULTS:

Women with a history of preeclampsia exhibited unfavorable aging profiles compared with referent women, including decreased urinary α-Klotho (
P
=0.018); increased leptin (
P
=0.016) and leptin/adiponectin ratio (
P
=0.027), and increased extracellular vesicles positive for tissue factor (
P
=0.025). Women with a history of preeclampsia likewise had a higher rate of comorbidities at the time of enrollment (
P
=0.003) and had a 4× higher risk of developing major cardiovascular events compared with referent women (
P
=0.003).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our data suggest that a history of preeclampsia is associated with accelerated aging as indicated by senescence marker differences and the accumulation of multimorbidity later in life. Targeting cellular senescence may offer novel, mechanism-based approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of adverse health outcomes in women with a history of preeclampsia.
Self‐Administration of Aspirin After Chest Pain for the Prevention of Premature Cardiovascular Mortality in the United States: A Population‐Based Analysis
Authors: Russo Rienna G. , Wikler Daniel , Rahimi Kazem , Danaei Goodarz
Published: May 2024

Background

Aspirin, an effective, low‐cost pharmaceutical, can significantly reduce mortality if used promptly after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, many AMI survivors do not receive aspirin within a few hours of symptom onset. Our aim was to quantify the mortality benefit of self‐administering aspirin at chest pain onset, considering the increased risk of bleeding and costs associated with widespread use.

Methods and Results

We developed a population simulation model to determine the impact of self‐administering 325 mg aspirin within 4 hours of severe chest pain onset. We created a synthetic cohort of adults ≥ 40 years old experiencing severe chest pain using 2019 US population estimates, AMI incidence, and sensitivity/specificity of chest pain for AMI. The number of annual deaths delayed was estimated using evidence from a large, randomized trial. We also estimated the years of life saved (YOLS), costs, and cost per YOLS. Initiating aspirin within 4 hours of severe chest pain onset delayed 13 016 (95% CI, 11 643–14 574) deaths annually, after accounting for deaths due to bleeding (963; 926–1003). This translated to an estimated 166 309 YOLS (149391–185 505) at the cost of $643 235 (633 944–653 010) per year, leading to a cost‐effectiveness ratio of $3.70 (3.32–4.12) per YOLS.

Conclusions

For <$4 per YOLS, self‐administration of aspirin within 4 hours of severe chest pain onset has the potential to save 13 000 lives per year in the US population. Benefits of reducing deaths post‐AMI outweighed the risk of bleeding deaths from aspirin 10 times over.
Jurisdictional Entanglement: the Relationship between the Jurisdiction over a Dispute and the Jurisdiction to Assess Compliance with Provisional Measures
Authors: Panagis Nikiforos
Published: May 2024

This article examines the character, legal basis, and scope of the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice to make findings concerning compliance with its orders on provisional measures. The article focuses on the relationship between this jurisdiction (“non-compliance jurisdiction”) and the jurisdiction over the principal dispute (“principal jurisdiction”). It argues that, while the two types of jurisdiction are established independently from each other, their exercise may be intertwined where the provisional measures indicated prescribe obligations materially similar to the ones forming the subject-matter of the principal dispute. The absorption of non-compliance jurisdiction by principal jurisdiction in such cases may have consequences on its exercise, especially where principal jurisdiction is absent.
Moving Late Antique and Early Medieval Penance (c. 550–800) into the Purview of Slavery and Dependency Studies
Authors: Winnebeck Julia
Published: May 2024

This article reconsiders the evidence provided by the late antique and early medieval penitentials (c. 550–800) for the study of slavery and other dependency relations. The main body of the article identifies and describes three sets of social practices of penance, which can be perceived as actions that contributed to the emergence, perpetuation, or stabilization of dependency relations: the social exclusion and othering of penitents, the assignment of penal measures, and the varying treatment of penitents according to their gender and social status. These social practices are then linked to contemporary theological and socio-legal frameworks that likely informed the practice of penance in Merovingian Gaul. The survey shows that the handbooks of penance provide important material for the study of dependency relations and that the ecclesiastical ritual of penance should be considered as a context in which these relations emerged.
Two new damselflies from the Eocene Green River Formation (Odonata, Zygoptera, Dysagrionidae, Thaumatoneuridae)
Authors: NEL ANDRÉ
Published: May 2024

Two new damselflies are described on the basis of isolated wings from the Eocene Green River Formation (Colorado, USA), the eodysagrionine new genus and species Gusagrion coloratum and the dysagrionid new species Petrolestes inexpectatus. These new taxa confirm the great diversity of the fauna of large damselflies in this formation, currently much more important than the smaller damselflies of Lestoidea and Coenagrionoidea clades and of the large Anisoptera. It seems that important changes occurred in the faunal composition of the Odonata between the Eocene and Oligocene.
Two new species of Interphasma Chen & He, 2008 (Phasmatodea: Phasmatidae: Clitumninae) from Yunnan, China
Authors: LIU YI-FAN , YANG SHENG-CHUAN , GU JUN-JIE , WANG HAI-JIAN
Published: May 2024

Two new species of Interphasma Chen & He, 2008 are described in this article from Yunnan, China. Interphasma monticola sp. nov., is characterized by a ridge-shaped praeopercular organ with distinct median carina on the posteromedian area of seventh abdominal sternum. I. carinata sp. nov. is characterized by distinct longitudinal carinae of meso- and metanotum in female and pronotum rectangle in both sexes.
New and little-known Mantophasmatidae (Insecta: Mantophasmatodea) from European amber
Authors: PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. , VASILENKO DMITRY V. , STOROZHENKO SERGEY YU.
Published: May 2024

Two new species of gladiators are described from European amber, namely Raptophasma neli sp. nov. and Adicophasma hafniensis sp. nov. from Baltic and Danish amber, respectively. Two names are resurrected from synonyms: Adicophasma Engel & Grimaldi, 2004, nom. resurr. and A. spinosum Engel & Grimaldi, 2004, nom. resurr. Original combination is restored for A. grylloblattoides Arillo & Engel, 2006, comb. resurr. Adicophasma groehni (Zompro, 2008), comb. nov. is tranferred from Raptophasma to Adicophasma. As a result, the ancient subfamily Raptophasmatinae nowadays consists of one Jurassic monotypic genus and two Eocene genera with six species from European amber.
Evaluation of the Cyanoacrylate/Polymethylmethacrylate Complex as a Protectant to Prevent Skin Friction and Blisters
Authors: Wang Tengfei , Zhang Wei , Wang Jia , Tan Junjie , Wang Wei , Zhang Quan , Xu Liang
Published: May 2024

The skin is highly susceptible to friction during labor or outdoor activities, leading to blisters, bleeding, pain, and infection. In this paper, a butyl-cyanoacrylate/polymethylmethacrylate (504/PMMA) composite was developed as a protectant to prevent skin damage caused by external
friction. The composite could rapidly solidify on the skin surface, forming a strong polymer film. Results from a rat model showed that the 504/PMMA composite effectively prevented skin damage and that increasing the proportion of PMMA improved its anti-friction performance. Moreover, the
material is biocompatible. In this study, we offered new options for reducing skin friction and blisters, which have potential to practical applications.
Exploring Millimeter-Wavelength Radar Capabilities for Raindrop Size Distribution Retrieval: Estimating Mass-Weighted Mean Diameter from the Differential Backscatter Phase
Authors: Unal Christine , van den Brule Yannick
Published: May 2024

Accurate precipitation characterization relies on the estimation of raindrop size distribution (RDSD) from observations. While various techniques using centimeter-wavelength radars have been proposed for RDSD retrieval, the potential of millimeter-wavelength polarimetric radars, offering enhanced spatial and temporal resolution while capturing light to moderate rain, remains unexplored. This study focuses on retrieving the mass-weighted mean diameter Dm using a dual-frequency cloud radar. Since the differential reflectivity Zdr is ineffective for Dm retrieval at 94 GHz, and simulations demonstrate a strong dependence of the differential backscatter phase δco on Dm, the estimation of δco takes precedence in this paper. Notably, δco remains unaffected by attenuation and polarimetric calibration. Addressing the initial requirement of disentangling backscattering and propagation effects at millimeter wavelength, an automatic algorithm is proposed to detect Rayleigh plateaus in the spectral domain. Subsequently, a methodology for estimating δco and its associated error is presented. Leveraging simulation results, confidence intervals for Dm that align with δco confidence intervals are retrieved. The assessment of Dm and its confidence interval at 35 and 94 GHz is conducted employing disdrometer-derived Dm. The results demonstrate a comprehensive concordance within a margin of 0.2 mm, underscoring the cloud radar’s efficacy in delineating nuanced variations in the raindrop mean diameter versus altitude. The validation process encounters difficulties for Dm below 1 mm, as the disdrometer-derived Dm may exhibit an overestimation, while the cloud-radar-derived Dm may exhibit an underestimation. The combination of 35 and 94 GHz serves to diminish the confidence interval associated with the retrieved Dm.
The Subseasonal Feedback of Extreme Anomalous Tibetan Plateau Snow Cover Events on the Atmosphere
Authors: Liu Yumeng , Li Wenkai
Published: May 2024

The Tibetan Plateau snow cover exhibits notable subseasonal variability and plays a crucial role in influencing the atmosphere. This study employs numerical experiments to investigate the atmospheric feedback resulting from extreme anomalous snow cover events on the Tibetan Plateau, with a focus on both local and nonlocal atmospheric temperatures. The findings reveal that diabatic heating, directly induced by these events, leads to a local surface energy cooling response over the Tibetan Plateau, contributing to a reduction in local temperatures. This cooling effect amplifies local atmospheric temperature anomalies associated with extreme anomalous Tibetan Plateau snow cover events, constituting approximately 50% of the total final local surface air temperature anomalies. Furthermore, the Tibetan Plateau snow cover, through adiabatic processes, exerts a nonlocal influence on atmospheric temperature and circulation. The atmospheric temperature responses downstream of the Tibetan Plateau vary at different heights and regions, featuring both cold and warm anomaly responses. These variations depend on the relative contributions of horizontal advection and vertical advection in adiabatic heating.

Significance Statement

Snow cover is influenced by the atmosphere, and in turn, it affects the atmosphere. This study examines the feedback of extreme anomalous Tibetan Plateau snow cover events on the atmosphere at the subseasonal time scale, with a focus on atmospheric temperature. Our findings indicate that Tibetan Plateau snow cover has both local and nonlocal feedback effects on the atmosphere. In particular, extreme anomalous Tibetan Plateau snow cover amplifies local surface air temperature anomalies. The feedback contributes to approximately 50% of the total final local surface air temperature anomalies.
Model Predictability of Hail Precipitation with a Moderate Hailstorm Case. Part II: Impact of Improved Treatment of Graupel in the Thompson–Eidhammer Microphysics Scheme
Authors: Li Rumeng , Sun Juanzhen , Zhang Qinghong , Jensen Anders A. , Tessendorf Sarah
Published: May 2024

Explicit simulation of hailstorms remains a challenge partly due to the lack of accurate representations of both initial conditions and microphysical processes. Using a moderate hailstorm case that occurred in Beijing on 10 June 2016, the impact of the initial conditions on explicit hail prediction has been studied in Part I of this two-part work via high-resolution data assimilation. This Part II paper examines the role of improved graupel treatment by comparing the recently upgraded Thompson–Eidhammer microphysics scheme (MP38) with two previous versions. MP38 is a double-moment hail-aware scheme with the ability to additionally predict the graupel number concentration and density. This case study showed that the addition of these predictive variables improved the simulation of the mass-weighted mean diameter of hail and thereby reduced the overestimation of hail size. However, the hail size was significantly underpredicted without the prediction of hail density, indicating that both quantities must be prognosed for skillful hail prediction. It was further shown that the revised graupel treatment also influenced hailstorm dynamics. The smaller hail size in MP38 led to a stronger graupel melting process, which further promoted a stronger cold pool and downdraft. By assessing the efficiency of the upgraded Thompson–Eidhammer microphysics scheme, the current study shed some light on the importance of the accurate representation of microphysical processes in numerical models for explicit hailstorm prediction.
Non-Destructive Prediction of the Mixed Mineral Pigment Content of Ancient Chinese Wall Paintings Based on Multiple Spectroscopic Techniques
Authors: Zou Weihan , Yeo Sok Yee
Published: May 2024

This study first developed non-destructive and accurate methods to predict the relative contents of mixed mineral pigments in ancient Chinese wall paintings using multiple spectroscopic techniques. The colorimetry, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were employed. Analyses were conducted including color difference, spectral reflection, ATR FT-IR spectra, and Raman mapping for simulated samples (malachite–lazurite mixed with rabbit glue samples) before and after aging. Models were then established for predicting the relative pigment contents of samples using UV-Vis-NIR and ATR FT-IR spectral data with Beer–Lambert law, and mathematical methods comprising principal component analysis (PCA) and nonlinear curve fitting. In particular, PCA and empty modeling methods combined with non-negative partial least squares were developed to predict the relative pigment contents based on Raman mapping data. The results demonstrated that approaches comprising PCA, mathematical model, and empty modeling based on the spectral data were effective at predicting the relative pigment contents. The predicted results obtained using the mathematical model based on UV-Vis-NIR spectra had an error of about 2%, and the best prediction based on ATR FT-IR spectra had an error of <3.6% at 1041 cm–1. The errors for the predictions using PCA and empty modeling based on Raman mapping data were 0.01–9.30% and 0.28–7.15%, respectively. However, the predicted relative pigment contents obtained based on ATR FT-IR data combined with the Beer–Lambert law had higher errors. The findings of this study confirm the strong feasibility of using spectroscopic techniques for quantitatively analyzing mixed mineral pigments.
Private consulting firms’ intervention in public health policymaking: An exploratory review
Authors: Gallardo Lucille , Gautier Lara , Chabrol Fanny , Traverson Lola , Oliveira Sydia , Ridde Valery
Published: May 2024

Context.

While there is ample research in the social sciences on the role of private consulting firms in public policy, there is little information about their intervention in managing public health crises and epidemics. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed how much public administrations across the globe have been using these firms. The purpose of this exploratory review of the scientific literature is to identify research on the involvement of these firms in governing epidemics and health crises since 2000.

Methods.

This review investigates the following question: what research evidence about the role of these firms is there, and what research methods and analytical categories are used? Following the stages of the PRISMA methods, we identified 24 references since 2000.

Findings.

We classified authors’ analyses of the role played by those firms using three analytical categories: the management approach, the consultocracy phenomenon and the phenomenon of elite hybridization. Only two references were explicitly related to the work of consulting firms in the context of epidemics (e.g. COVID-19). The others focused on public health reforms. This finding confirms the scarcity of research evidence on the role played by consulting firms in the management of epidemics.

Conclusions.

This review reports on a blind spot of the scientific literature and calls for additional empirical research.

Points for practitioners

Consulting firms’ intervention during epidemics remains a blind spot of academic research. The COVID-19 crisis prompted a significant growth of consulting firms’ intervention in health policymaking. Three analytical categories can be useful to study consulting firms’ interventions, namely: the management approach, the consultocracy phenomenon and the phenomenon of elite hybridization. The phenomenon of elite hybridization reflects a promising heuristic approach.
Internet of things-based study on online monitoring system of building equipment energy saving optimization control using building information modeling
Authors: Xie Dinglong , Xie Qiusha
Published: May 2024

Smart building equipment monitoring is a well-established field focused on enhancing contemporary building comfort. The proliferation of Internet connectivity, facilitated by the internet of things (IoT), has transformed buildings from static structures into interactive environments. IoT has witnessed substantial growth across various aspects of daily life, from monitoring environmental conditions to managing building systems and storing data in the cloud. One critical application is the intelligent monitoring and control of building equipment, such as air conditioners, to optimize energy efficiency—a matter of increasing concern for building owners, design experts, and system integrators. Achieving comprehensive energy savings demands a meticulous approach to energy-efficient design and control. This paper's primary objective is to explore and analyze IoT-based energy-saving optimization techniques for intelligent building equipment, integrating building information modeling (BIM) technology. It particularly delves into the energy conservation control algorithm for air-conditioning systems. The research presents a challenge rooted in energy-saving optimization, established upon specific objective functions, followed by a detailed explanation of the energy-saving control algorithm. To validate their approach, the paper outlines a comprehensive experimental design. Over three sessions in August, they conducted control experiments in two distinct areas. Area 1 implemented the energy-saving control methodology discussed in the paper, utilizing virtual parameter enhancement mechanisms, while Area 2 adhered to conventional control methods. The results were enlightening. Area 1 demonstrated superior energy efficiency, consuming 735 kWh compared to Area 2's 819 kWh, signifying an impressive 11.43% reduction in energy consumption thanks to the optimized control strategy. This research underscores the practicality and significance of implementing IoT-based energy-saving strategies, with a focus on smart thermostats, HVAC controllers, and daylight sensors, in intelligent building equipment management to achieve substantial energy conservation gains.
“We’ve Got History Now”: Victim and Justice-Involved Youth Experiences During Mediation Sessions
Authors: Strauss Cailey , Cummings Jorden A. , Deleurme Kendall
Published: May 2024

Victim-offense mediation (VOM) is the process by which victims of crime meet the involved youth, in the presence of trained mediators, to process and address the emotional and practical ramifications of the crime. We aimed to qualitatively understand the experiences of victims and justice-involved youth during mediation sessions. Participants were recruited from one American and one Canadian mediation center, We combined field observations, semi-structured interviews, and multiple case study analyses with reflexive thematic analysis to explore nine cases of VOM participants’ experiences of the process and its potential link with various desired outcomes immediately following VOM. We generated five themes: Attempting to Satisfy Mediation Needs, Apologies, The Gravitational Pull of Victims, Finding a Healing Connection, and Corrective Emotional Experience & Challenged Expectations. We discuss these themes, the importance of relational processes, the importance and potential burden of the compelling victim, corrective emotional experiences, and the potential role of the mediators.
Toward a Green Jobs Alternative: Examining the Politics of Internationalism and Labour Environmentalism in a Local Union Campaign
Authors: Fairweather Chris
Published: May 2024

Industrial workers and their organizations are faced with two interrelated crises as the continued reorganization of production shutters plants and devastates communities while the existential threat of climate change grows. Addressing both crises at once often seems impossible. This article offers a critical analysis of a campaign by unionists and community allies to confront both crises at once, to see their shuttering auto plant taken over and retooled for socially useful production. The failure of the campaign to win its demands or build a critical mass of support within the union emphasizes the importance and difficulty of inspiring workers to imagine radical alternatives during times of crisis.
The effect of reduced graphene oxide concentration on the wear behaviour of reduced graphene oxide–nickel–boron (Ni–B–rGO) electroless coatings
Authors: Wetwet Zainab , Mahboubi Farzad , Mirhosseini Seyyed Saber
Published: May 2024

In this article, the electroless nickel-boron coatings containing different rGO concentrations (0,6, 20.5, 35 and 40 mg/L) were deposited on AISI 4140 steel. Their structural properties were examined using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness analysis. Moreover, their friction coefficient and wear properties were studied using a pin-on-disc test. The results showed that as the rGO concentration increased, the structure of the coating changed from amorphous to semi-crystalline. Adding rGO up to 20.5 mg/L increased the hardness of the as-plated NiB coating from 519 to 863 Hv and reduced its specific wear rate from 1.28 × 10−9 to 0.68 × 10−9 kg/Nm. However, increasing the rGO concentration to 40 mg/L led to rGO agglomeration and increased the specific wear rate of the coating.
Once more on the rank and file – union bureaucracy interplay: Mining unionism in Australia’s Pilbara region
Authors: Vassiley Alexis
Published: May 2024

The trade union bureaucracy debate has significant implications for both analysis and union strategy. Recently receiving renewed academic attention, this debate centres around whether there is a dichotomy between rank-and-file workers and full-time union officials, and whether these officials – the trade union bureaucracy – tend towards industrial conservatism. The case study of labour relations in the Pilbara iron ore industry in the north of Western Australia 1965–1986 enriches our analysis of the trade union bureaucracy by viewing its role in the class struggle over a number of decades, in varying contexts of union development, union power and union decline. Throughout this entire period, there was significant conflict between the bureaucracy and rank and file. The remoteness of the Pilbara region, and workers’ industrial militancy makes it an extreme case suited to unveiling insights on the nature of the trade union bureaucracy. The Australian focus broadens a largely British debate. This article also offers a greater consideration of the role of full-time shop stewards’ convenors than has occurred previously. Finally, the trade union bureaucracy theory illuminates our understanding of this period in Pilbara labour history.
Online and Unkind: Examining the Personality Correlates of Online Political Incivility
Authors: Mungall Luke Ryan , Pruysers Scott , Blais Julie
Published: May 2024

Many forms of online political incivility threaten democratic norms, contribute to polarization, and are often directed at women and racial minorities. Recent research shows that online political incivility may come from a minority of users that are just as hostile offline as they are online, meaning that individual differences in personality traits may be an important predictor of online political incivility. Drawing upon a large sample of adults living in Canada (N = 1725), we examined the association between personality traits and online political incivility using robust measures of psychopathy, narcissism, Machiavellianism, and the general traits of the HEXACO. While controlling for a variety of sociodemographic and political variables, we found that people who score higher in honesty-humility, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, as well as the planfulness facet of Machiavellianism, are less likely to report engagement in online political incivility. People who score higher in extraversion, several facets of psychopathy, grandiose and vulnerable narcissism, and antagonistic Machiavellianism, by contrast, are more likely to report engagement in online political incivility. In general, the personality traits that predict offline aggression and antisocial behaviour tend to be the same traits that predict self-reports of vulgarity, stereotyping, and threats in online political discussions. Interventions to reduce online incivility may benefit from considering the dispositional tendencies of uncivil users.
Investigation on friction-stir welding of SS340 steel using a tungsten carbide based stirring tool
Authors: Ramasamy Selvam , Paramasivam Saravanan , Subramaniam Omprakasam , Paramasivam Veera Manikandan
Published: May 2024

The research focuses on examining the impact of utilizing a tungsten carbide tool on the friction-stir welding procedure used to join two stainless steel plates. This investigation examines the effects of traversal speed and rotation on microstructural alterations in a tungsten carbide tool, with a specific emphasis on weld resistance and creep strength. Stress analysis is used to understand fluctuations in stress levels during the welding process on a stainless-steel workpiece. The investigation aims to determine the impact of welding parameters, specifically welding speed, on the microstructure, hardness distribution, and tensile strength of welded joints. The effectiveness of the friction-stir welding is determined by the correlation between pin diameter and tool shoulder. A Numerical model and analysis of the experiments to understand tool behaviour, considering lateral bearing loads and viscous frictional torsion loads by using ANSYS. The finite element method is used to find stress distribution in stir welding, considering tool parameters. A tungsten carbide tool with a conical pin tool was used under constant conditions: a rotational speed of 325 r/min, a maximum axial load of 11.2 kN, and a welding speed of 10 mm/min. The results showed that the maximum equivalent stress reached 500 MPa when the tool had traversed a distance of 25 mm. These findings provide valuable insights into the stress dynamics of the tool under these specific operating conditions. Different tests are conducted with varying design parameters and pre-hole conditions to understand the stress distribution on the tungsten carbide tool.
In-situ computed tomography and transient dynamic analysis – failure analysis of a single-lap tensile-shear test with clinch points
Authors: Reschke G , Köhler D , Kupfer R , Troschitz J , Gude M , Brosius A
Published: May 2024

Clinching is a mechanical joining technology, in which a mainly form-fit joint is created by means of local cold forming. To characterize the load-bearing behavior of such joints, they are typically analyzed destructively, for example by tensile-shear tests in combination with metallographic sections. However, both the initiation and progress of failure can only be described to a limited extent by this method. Furthermore, these tests allow only limited conclusions about clinch points under in-service loading. More purposefully, clinch points can be analyzed nondestructively by combining in-situ computed tomography (CT) and transient dynamic analysis (TDA). The TDA continuously measures the dynamic behavior of the specimen and indicates failure events like crack initiation, which then can be evaluated thoroughly by stopping the test and performing a CT scan. To qualify the TDA for this task, it is necessary to link the observed damage behavior with specific dynamic characteristics. In this work, the complementation of in-situ CT and TDA is investigated by testing a clinched single-lap tensile-shear specimen made of aluminum. The testing procedure is stepwise: at certain displacement levels, the specimen is investigated by in-situ CT and TDA. While the in-situ CT provides the location, extent, and development of the failure phenomena, the TDA uses this information to evaluate the dynamic signal and detect relevant frequency ranges, which indicate damage events. The results demonstrate, that failure initiation and progression can be analyzed efficiently by combining both measuring systems. The TDA reliably detects relevant signal changes in the monitored frequency band. By means of in-situ computed tomography, the corresponding failure phenomena can be described in detail, enhancing the understanding of the load-bearing and deformation behavior of clinch points. The concatenation of characteristic signal changes and observed failure phenomena can henceforth be transferred to analyze complex structures during operation nondestructively by TDA.