bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of nocturnal hypertension by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring at the forearm in people with morbid obesity
Authors: Pucci Giacomo , D’Abbondanza Marco , Camilli Matteo , Bisogni Valeria , Anastasio Fabio , Gandolfo Vito , Alcidi Riccardo , Mojovic Natasa , Ministrini Stefano , Lupattelli Graziana , Vaudo Gaetano
Published: August 2020

Blood pressure (BP) measurement at the forearm (FA) has been proposed as alternative site to upper arm (UA) in people with morbid obesity (MO). We compared nocturnal BP readings simultaneously taken at FA and UA by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Fourteen individuals with MO and seven normal‐weight controls underwent nocturnal ABPM with two devices placed at the UA and contralateral FA, respectively. Agreement between FA‐UA BP, diagnosis of nocturnal hypertension, and potential determinants of BP differences were evaluated. BP at the FA was significantly higher than UA in both people with MO and controls. FA‐UA differences in systolic and diastolic BP were similar in people with MO and controls. Nocturnal hypertension was diagnosed in 10 subjects (48%) according to UA BP and in 13 subjects (62%) according to FA BP (concordance 76%, moderate agreement). ΔFA‐UA systolic BP was associated with ratio between FA/UA circumferences (R = 0.45, P < .05) and with cuff‐UA slant angle difference (R = 0.44, P < .05). In conclusions, in people with MO, the agreement between FA and UA nighttime BP measured by ABPM is sub‐optimal. Our results raise uncertainty in using ABPM at the FA as an alternative to UA placement in people with MO for the diagnosis of nocturnal hypertension.
Dietary methionine restriction attenuates renal ischaemia/reperfusion‐induced myocardial injury by activating the CSE/H2S/ERS pathway in diabetic mice
Authors: Pan Yuanyuan , Fu Minghuan , Chen Xiaohan , Guo Jing , Chen Biao , Tao Xuefei
Published: August 2020

Methionine restrictive diet may alleviate ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R)‐induced myocardial injury, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. HE staining was performed to evaluate the myocardial injury caused by I/R and the effect of methionine‐restricted diet (MRD) in I/R mice. IHC and Western blot were carried out to analyse the expression of CSE, CHOP and active caspase3 in I/R mice and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cells. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were used to assess the apoptotic status of I/R mice and H/R cells. MTT was performed to analyse the proliferation of H/R cells. H2S assay was used to evaluate the concentration of H2S in the myocardial tissues and peripheral blood of I/R mice. I/R‐induced mediated myocardial injury and apoptosis were partially reversed by methionine‐restricted diet (MRD) via the down‐regulation of CSE expression and up‐regulation of CHOP and active caspase3 expression. The decreased H2S concentration in myocardial tissues and peripheral blood of I/R mice was increased by MRD. Accordingly, in a cellular model of I/R injury established with H9C2 cells, cell proliferation was inhibited, cell apoptosis was increased, and the expressions of CSE, CHOP and active caspase3 were dysregulated, whereas NaHS treatment alleviated the effect of I/R injury in H9C2 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. This study provided a deep insight into the mechanism underlying the role of MRD in I/R‐induced myocardial injury.
Cytisine attenuates bone loss of ovariectomy mouse by preventing RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Qian Zhi , Zhong Zeyuan , Ni Shuo , Li Dejian , Zhang Fangxue , Zhou Ying , Kang Zhanrong , Qian Jun , Yu Baoqing
Published: August 2020

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (PMOP) is oestrogen withdrawal characterized of much production and activation by osteoclast in the elderly female. Cytisine is a quinolizidine alkaloid that comes from seeds or other plants of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae) family. Cytisine has been shown several potential pharmacological functions. However, its effects on PMOP remain unknown. This study designed to explore whether Cytisine is able to suppress RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis and prevent the bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of Cytisine on RAW 264.7 cells and bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) derived osteoclast culture system in vitro and observed the effect of Cytisine on ovariectomized (OVX) mice model to imitate postmenopausal osteoporosis in vivo. We found that Cytisine inhibited F‐actin ring formation and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining in dose‐dependent ways, as well as bone resorption by pit formation assays. For molecular mechanism, Cytisine suppressed RANK‐related trigger RANKL by phosphorylation JNK/ERK/p38‐MAPK, IκBα/p65‐NF‐κB, and PI3K/AKT axis and significantly inhibited these signalling pathways. However, the suppression of PI3K‐AKT‐NFATc1 axis was rescued by AKT activator SC79. Meanwhile, Cytisine inhibited RANKL‐induced RANK‐TRAF6 association and RANKL‐related gene and protein markers such as NFATc1, Cathepsin K, MMP‐9 and TRAP. Our study indicated that Cytisine could suppress bone loss in OVX mouse through inhibited osteoclastogenesis. All data provide the evidence that Cytisine may be a promising agent in the treatment of osteoclast‐related diseases such as osteoporosis.
Bcl‐xL represents a therapeutic target in Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Petiti Jessica , Lo Iacono Marco , Rosso Valentina , Andreani Giacomo , Jovanovski Aleksandar , Podestà Marina , Lame Dorela , Gobbi Marco De , Fava Carmen , Saglio Giuseppe , Frassoni Francesco , Cilloni Daniela
Published: August 2020

Myeloproliferative neoplasms are divided into essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Although ruxolitinib was proven to be effective in reducing symptoms, patients rarely achieve complete molecular remission. Therefore, it is relevant to identify new therapeutic targets to improve the clinical outcome of patients. Bcl‐xL protein, the long isoform encoded by alternative splicing of the Bcl‐x gene, acts as an anti‐apoptotic regulator. Our study investigated the role of Bcl‐xL as a marker of severity of MPN and the possibility to target Bcl‐xL in patients. 129 MPN patients and 21 healthy patients were enrolled in the study. We analysed Bcl‐xL expression in leucocytes and in enriched CD34+ and CD235a+ cells. Furthermore, ABT‐737, a Bcl‐xL inhibitor, was tested in HEL cells and in leucocytes from MPN patients. Bcl‐xL was found progressively over‐expressed in cells from ET, PV and PMF patients, independently by JAK2 mutational status. Moreover, our data indicated that the combination of ABT‐737 and ruxolitinib resulted in a significantly higher apoptotic rate than the individual drug. Our study suggests that Bcl‐xL plays an important role in MPN independently from JAK2 V617F mutation. Furthermore, data demonstrate that targeting simultaneously JAK2 and Bcl‐xL might represent an interesting new approach.
Implementation of clinical pharmacy services using problematization with Maguerez Arc: A quasi‐experimental before‐after study
Authors: dos Santos Júnior Genival Araujo , Silva Rafaella Oliveira Santos , Onozato Thelma , Silvestre Carina Carvalho , Rocha Kérilin Stancine Santos , Araújo Elton Matos , de Lyra‐Jr Divaldo Pereira
Published: August 2020

Rationale, aims, and objectives

The growth of clinical pharmacy services (CPS) has positively impacted clinical, economic, and humanistic health outcomes. However, detailed studies on the process of implementing CPS in healthcare systems are incipient. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the CPS implementation in certain public health units in a metropolis in northeast Brazil.

Methods

A quasi‐experimental before‐and‐after study was carried out in Recife City, from July 2015 to March 2016. The study was carried out using the Methodology of Problematization with Maguerez Arc and was divided into: initial evaluation (before), planning, interventions, and preliminary evaluation (after). The participants were pharmacists, patients, health professionals, and local health managers. Descriptive statistics were used to report data. The statistical significance of the comparison between variables was evaluated using the Wilcoxon test (95% CI; P ≤ .05).

Results

Initial evaluation: Identified incipient CPS, a lack of structure and work process of pharmacists. Planning: Sixteen brainstorming meetings were held with the different actors resulting in a strategic plan. Intervention: Twenty‐two political‐administrative meetings were held with managers and health teams and 768 hours of theoretical and practical training with mentoring for pharmacists. Preliminary evaluation: Structure indicators presented a statistically significant difference, differently from the process indicators. Pharmacists attended 842 patients and performed 1465 pharmaceutical consultations in 6 months. Regarding the outcome indicators, it was possible to identify changes in the clinical status of the most prevalent diseases among those patients who attended three pharmaceutical consultations.

Conclusions

It was possible to evaluate the CPS implementation in certain public health units in a metropolis in Brazil, through the Methodology of Problematization with Maguerez Arc. This methodology may be part of models for future implementations of CPS in health systems.
Flood risk in past and future: A case study for the Pawtuxet River's record‐breaking March 2010 flood event
Authors: Kouhi Soroush , Hashemi M. Reza , Kian Rozita , Spaulding Malcolm , Lewis Matthew , Ginis Isaac
Published: August 2020

In March 2010, a sequence of three major rainfall events in New England (United States) led to a record‐breaking flooding event in the Pawtuxet River Watershed with a peak flow discharge of about 500‐year return period. After development of hydrological and hydraulic models, a number of factors that played important roles in the impact of this flooding and other extreme events including river structures (reservoirs, historical textile mill dams, and bridges) were investigated. These factors are currently omitted within risk assessments tools such as flood insurance rate maps. Some management strategies that should be considered for future flood risk mitigation were modeled and discussed. Furthermore, to better understand possible future risks in a warmer climate, another extreme flood event was simulated. The synthetic/hypothetical storm (Hurricane Rhody with two landfalls) was created based on the characteristics of the historical hurricanes that severely impacted this region in the past. It was shown that while the first landfall of this hurricane did not lead to significant flood risk, the second landfall could generate more rain and flooding equivalent to a 500‐year event. Results and the methodology of this study can be used to better understand and assess future flood risk in similar watersheds.
Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China: An integrative review
Authors: Zhao Wenhong , Jones Cindy , Wu Min‐Lin (Winnie) , Moyle Wendy
Published: August 2020

Aims and objectives

To establish an understanding of healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' perceptions of dementia care in China.

Background

Healthcare professionals and family carers of people with dementia deliver most of the dementia care in China. However, little research on healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge and attitudes towards dementia care, and family carers' dementia care perceptions has been conducted in China.

Methods

An integrative review was conducted and reported based on the PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafl's framework. Eight English databases were searched without date restriction: CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, PsycINFO and Scopus; and three Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chongqing Weipu and Wanfang, plus a manual search of reference lists.

Results

Thirty‐eight primary research papers were included in the review. Three themes were identified from the synthesis: (a) knowledge and competency; (b) attitudes towards dementia care; and (c) carers' burden and unmet needs. Healthcare professionals' dementia knowledge ranged from low to moderate levels and attitudes towards dementia care were generally negative. With low levels of knowledge of dementia and negative attitudes including stigma, family carers were under stress with insufficient support, and they expected more support from community nurses.

Conclusions

There is an apparent need for a national policy on healthcare professional education and training to improve dementia care practice in China. Such a policy may improve support services for family carers.

Relevance to clinical practice

Nurses, and particularly community nurses, are well‐positioned to support family carers in China. However, healthcare professionals in China are not prepared for this. Therefore, education and training on dementia care should be integrated into medical and nursing undergraduate programmes and provided for healthcare professionals after commencing employment, and strategies to reduce stigma are needed.
Exploring the experience of health professionals who cared for patients with coronavirus infection: Hospitalised isolation and self‐image
Authors: Kim Sujin , Shin Hyun A. , Hong Kieun , Kim Sue
Published: August 2020

Aims and objectives

This study aimed to examine the lived experience of physicians and nurses who underwent hospitalised isolation during the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak that hit Korea in 2015, and how it may have affected their professional self‐image.

Background

Health professionals caring for patients during infectious outbreaks such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome have reported negative psychological effects. However, little is known about how the experience influences their professional self‐image.

Design

An interpretive phenomenological approach was applied using individual in‐depth interviews.

Methods

Through purposeful and snowball sampling, 11 health professionals who had experienced hospital isolation due to suspicious symptoms of Middle East respiratory syndrome during the outbreak, participated in face‐to‐face interviews (50–90 min). We adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research guideline for reporting.

Results

Six themes were identified: (a) engulfed in chaos and exhaustion; (b) feeling hurt and constrained by the rejection and blame; (c) anxiety induced by the enclosed environment; (d) dread of this uncertain and critical disease; (e) sustained by family and colleagues; and (f) reflection at this turning point, expanding self‐understanding and seeking a balance.

Conclusion

Hospitalised isolation was a “turning point” that appeared to change health professionals’ sense of identity and direction.

Relevance to clinical practice

Preparedness for infectious epidemics should ensure tangible assistance, protection, and clear communication with health professionals, with careful attention to their psychological needs and affirmation of their self‐image in the aftermath.
Impact of obstructive sleep apnoea on cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal study
Authors: McNicholas Nuala , Russell Audrey , Nolan Geraldine , Tubridy Niall , Hutchinson Michael , Garvey John Francis , McGuigan Christopher
Published: August 2020

Cognitive impairment (CI) and fatigue are common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), with well‐known profound effects on quality of life. Sleep disorders, including obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), are also common in MS patients. The presence of CI has previously been shown to strongly correlate with OSA diagnosed using polysomnography in MS. Treatment of OSA has not previously been investigated as a potential modality to improve cognition in MS patients. Therefore, we sought to investigate the potential effects of OSA treatment on both cognitive function and fatigue in MS patients. Twenty‐three participants with MS reporting significant fatigue were enrolled. CI was assessed by the Brief International Cognitive Assessment in MS and the 3‐second Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test. All participants underwent overnight polysomnography to assess for possible OSA. Cognitive and fatigue measures were repeated in those subsequently treated for OSA and in a comparative untreated sample. Seven participants (30%) had a diagnosis of OSA based on an apnoea–hypopnea index greater than 5 per hour, with no correlation between the presence of CI and OSA. Verbal learning at follow‐up assessment was seen to improve significantly in those treated for OSA, compared with those who were not treated for a sleep disorder. This small study demonstrates the potential for OSA treatment to improve verbal learning in people with MS, larger studies are indicated to further investigate the potential for cognitive and fatigue improvement in people with MS through treatment of comorbid OSA.
An investigation of toe‐tapping behaviour in anurans by analysis of online video resources
Authors: Claessens L. S. A. , Ganchev N. O. , Kukk M. M. , Schutte C. J. , Sloggett J. J.
Published: August 2020

Toe‐tapping is a widespread anuran behaviour commonly associated with feeding where the anurans move the middle toes of their hind legs up and down. Previous studies have interpreted it as a pedal lure, a prey localization method and a stimulus used to transfix prey. A database of online videos was constructed in order to study this behaviour across species, with a particular focus on arrow poison frogs (Dendrobatidae); tapping occurrence, prey characteristics and environmental factors were recorded. The data collected include 19 species that have, as of yet, not been recorded to tap, 16 of which exhibit feeding‐related tapping, while in the three other species, tapping seemed to be related to courtship. Across dendrobatid species, a significant correlation was found between prey activity and the occurrence of tapping, which supports a prey localization hypothesis. The database proved to be a valid method of research as it provided a sample size large enough for detailed data analysis across the Dendrobatidae. The utility of the data was partially limited by the available number of observations per species and the inconsistency in video quality, however.
When I say… disability
Authors: Franklin Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Franklin explores why medical students should learn important differences in understandings of the term disability.
Vascular endothelial injury exacerbates coronavirus disease 2019: The role of endothelial glycocalyx protection
Authors: Okada Hideshi , Yoshida Shozo , Hara Akira , Ogura Shinji , Tomita Hiroyuki
Published: August 2020

The potential for a rapid increase in severity is among the most frightening aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Evidence increasingly suggests that the symptoms of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19)‐related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) differ from those of classic ARDS. Recently, the severity of COVID‐19 has been attributed to a systemic, thrombotic, and inflammatory disease that damages not only the lungs but also multiple organs, including the heart, brain, toes, and liver. This systemic form of COVID‐19 may be due to inflammation and vascular endothelial cell injury. The vascular endothelial glycocalyx comprises glycoproteins and plays an important role in systemic capillary homeostasis maintenance. The glycocalyx covers the entire vascular endothelium, and its thickness varies among organs. The endothelial glycocalyx is very thin in the pulmonary capillaries, where it is affected by gaseous exchange with the alveoli and the low intravascular pressure in the pulmonary circulation. Despite the clearly important roles of the glycocalyx in vascular endothelial injury, thrombosis, vasculitis, and inflammation, the link between this structure and vascular endothelial cell dysfunction in COVID‐19 remains unclear. In this prospective review, we summarize the importance of the glycocalyx and its potential as a therapeutic target in cases of systemic COVID‐19.
A novel SNCA E83Q mutation in a case of dementia with Lewy bodies and atypical frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Kapasi Alifiya , Brosch Jared R. , Nudelman Kelly N. , Agrawal Sonal , Foroud Tatiana M. , Schneider Julie A.
Published: August 2020

In this case report, we discuss a patient presenting with parkinsonism followed by a non‐amnestic dementia with aphasic clinical features, as well as frontal dysexecutive syndrome. There was a family history of dementia with an autopsy diagnosis of “Pick's disease” in the proband's father. Neuroimaging of the patient revealed focal and severe temporal lobe and lesser frontoparietal lobe atrophy. At autopsy, there was severe frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Histologic evaluation revealed an absence of tau or transactivation response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP) pathology but rather severe Lewy body deposition in the affected cortices. Genetic phenotyping revealed a novel missense mutation (p.E83Q) in exon 4 of the gene encoding α‐synuclein (SNCA). This case study presents a patient with a novel SNCA E83Q mutation associated with widespread Lewy body pathology with prominent severe atrophy of the frontotemporal lobes and corresponding cognitive impairment.
Integrating the evidence for a terrestrial carbon sink caused by increasing atmospheric CO2
Authors: Walker Anthony P. , De Kauwe Martin G. , Bastos Ana , Belmecheri Soumaya , Georgiou Katerina , Keeling Ralph F. , McMahon Sean M. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Moore David J. P. , Norby Richard J. , Zaehle Sönke , Anderson‐Teixeira Kristina J. , Battipaglia Giovanna , Brienen Roel J. W. , Cabugao Kristine G. , Cailleret Maxime , Campbell Elliott , Canadell Josep G. , Ciais Philippe , Craig Matthew E. , Ellsworth David S. , Farquhar Graham D. , Fatichi Simone , Fisher Joshua B. , Frank David C. , Graven Heather , Gu Lianhong , Haverd Vanessa , Heilman Kelly , Heimann Martin , Hungate Bruce A. , Iversen Colleen M. , Joos Fortunat , Jiang Mingkai , Keenan Trevor F. , Knauer Jürgen , Körner Christian , Leshyk Victor O. , Leuzinger Sebastian , Liu Yao , MacBean Natasha , Malhi Yadvinder , McVicar Tim R. , Penuelas Josep , Pongratz Julia , Powell A. Shafer , Riutta Terhi , Sabot Manon E. B. , Schleucher Juergen , Sitch Stephen , Smith William K. , Sulman Benjamin , Taylor Benton , Terrer César , Torn Margaret S. , Treseder Kathleen K. , Trugman Anna T. , Trumbore Susan E. , van Mantgem Phillip J. , Voelker Steve L. , Whelan Mary E. , Zuidema Pieter A.
Published: August 2020

Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) is increasing, which increases leaf‐scale photosynthesis and intrinsic water‐use efficiency. These direct responses have the potential to increase plant growth, vegetation biomass, and soil organic matter; transferring carbon from the atmosphere into terrestrial ecosystems (a carbon sink). A substantial global terrestrial carbon sink would slow the rate of [CO2] increase and thus climate change. However, ecosystem CO2 responses are complex or confounded by concurrent changes in multiple agents of global change and evidence for a [CO2]‐driven terrestrial carbon sink can appear contradictory. Here we synthesize theory and broad, multidisciplinary evidence for the effects of increasing [CO2] (iCO2) on the global terrestrial carbon sink. Evidence suggests a substantial increase in global photosynthesis since pre‐industrial times. Established theory, supported by experiments, indicates that iCO2 is likely responsible for about half of the increase. Global carbon budgeting, atmospheric data, and forest inventories indicate a historical carbon sink, and these apparent iCO2 responses are high in comparison to experiments and predictions from theory. Plant mortality and soil carbon iCO2 responses are highly uncertain. In conclusion, a range of evidence supports a positive terrestrial carbon sink in response to iCO2, albeit with uncertain magnitude and strong suggestion of a role for additional agents of global change.
Morality, normativity and measuring moral distress
Authors: Newham Roger
Published: August 2020

It is known that people have been getting distressed for a long‐time and healthcare workers, like the military, seem to fit criteria for being at particular risk. Fairly recently a term of art, moral distress, has been added to types of distress at work, though not restricted to work, they can suffer. There are recognized scales that measure psychological distress such as the General Health Questionnaire and the Kessler scales but moral distress it is claimed is different warranting its own scale. This seems to be because of both the intensity and nature of moral problems encountered at work that is so powerful and so destructive of moral agency and integrity. This paper will focus on how, if at all, moral distress is different by examining the idea of moral normativity. Moral normativity is understood as roughly the sort of thing that all rational persons would endorse regardless of his interests, having an “automatic reason giving force” and is likely to also require an overriding force. Specifically, it will examine how this force of moral claims seems to be needed for moral distress to be so destructive of healthcare professional's moral agency and integrity. This is related to the idea of warrantedness of the reaction of distress. Even if morality had such a strong normativity, one can still ask is distress the correct or warranted reaction? It seems plausible that if distress is a correct response for it to be both moral and warranted it needs a strong account of moral normativity. The idea of a distinct form of distress as moral distress may be true in theory but is too contested both ontologically and epistemologically for a useful practice of measurement at present.
A perspective on dental activity during COVID‐19: The Italian survey
Authors: Izzetti Rossana , Gennai Stefano , Nisi Marco , Barone Antonio , Giuca Maria Rita , Gabriele Mario , Graziani Filippo
Published: August 2020

Objectives

During the months of March and April 2020, Italy saw an exponential outbreak of COVID‐19 epidemic. Dental practitioners were particularly limited in their routine activity, and the sole performance of urgent treatments was strongly encouraged during the peak of the epidemic. A survey among dental professionals was performed between 6th and 13th of April, in order to evaluate the status of dental practice during COVID‐19 in Italy.

Materials and Methods

An online anonymous questionnaire was administered to retrieve data on the dental procedures performed, the preventive measures adopted, and the predictions on the future changes in dentistry following the pandemic.

Results

The survey was completed by 3,254 respondents and, according to the results obtained, dental activity was reduced by the 95% and limited to urgent treatments. The majority of the surveyed dentists employed additional personal protective equipment compared to normal routine, although in a non‐negligible number of cases difficulty in retrieving the necessary equipment was reported.

Conclusions

The survey provided a snapshot of dental activity during the SARS‐CoV‐2 outbreak. Overall, following the peak of the epidemic, it is probable that dental activities will undergo some relevant changes prior to fully restart.
Does Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction Provide Similar Clinical Outcomes to Primary ACL Reconstruction? A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Yan Xu , Yang Xiong‐gang , Feng Jiang‐tao , Liu Bin , Hu Yong‐cheng
Published: August 2020

More revisionary reconstruction procedures are required following failing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions, which are often regarded as a technique challenge with very limited goals. This study will be performed to compare the outcomes between groups of primary and revision knee reconstruction. Two observers conducted the literature retrieval from the platforms of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. Studies which compared knee function and stability between primary and revisionary reconstructions were included. The data was synthesized by meta‐analysis with fixed‐ or random‐effects models as appropriate. A total of 10 eligible studies were included with 954 subjects in the primary group and 378 in the revision group. The International Knee Documentation Committee International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subscores, side‐to‐side difference, and Lysholm score were demonstrated to be significantly improved at final follow‐up in both groups, while Tegner score was not. The overall IKDC, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Lysholm scores were significantly inferior in the revision group compared to the primary group. However, knee laxity according to side‐to‐side difference was demonstrated to be similar between the two groups. Revision ACL reconstruction (RACLR) could provide patients with excellent restoration of knee outcomes compared to the status before revision. Also, while knee function in the revision group was inferior to the primary group, knee stability was equivalent between the two groups at the final follow‐up.
Subtrochanteric Osteotomy in Direct Anterior Approach Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Liu Zai‐yang , Li Zi‐qiang , Wu Song‐tao , Li Jie , Zhang Jun , Zhang Xia , Zhou Yue , Zhang Yuan
Published: August 2020

Subtrochanteric osteotomy of the femur (STO) is a valuable corrective procedure in hip surgeries. However, STO in traditional posterolateral approach usually encounters complications such as postoperative dislocation, bone non‐union, and prosthesis failure. Some relevant pathologies and mechanisms have been identified, but there is sparse evidence for verification. The aim of this video in orthopaedic technique is to test our hypothesis of STO in direct anterior approach to total hip arthroplasty in a complicated hip surgery, and to further illustrate the rationality, reproducibility, and superiority of STO in this minimally invasive and enhanced‐recovery approach by presenting a standardized and systemic protocol, as well as operational pearls and pitfalls.
High‐risk catheter ablation of refractory atrial fibrillation using Impella CP in a patient with cardiogenic shock
Authors: Osei Kofi , Taskesen Tuncay , Hounshell Troy , Meyers Jason
Published: August 2020

Background

Impella CP support during Posterior Vein Isolation/Posterior Wall Isolation (PVI/PWI) in the setting of persistent cardiogenic shock from refractory atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (AF/RVR), has not been reported in the literature to the best of our knowledge.

Case

A 61‐year‐old male truck driver was admitted with acute HFrEF with AF/RVR 130 ‐ 150. His EF was 20% with global hypokinesis. He was diuresed and cardioverted to sinus rhythm and had QTc of 532. He reverted to AF/RVR in less than 24 hours, requiring amiodarone drip. Shortly, amiodarone was discontinued because of intense anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Class III and Class 1c agents were contraindicated due to prolonged QTc and cardiomyopathy. He developed cardiogenic shock, worsening cardiorenal syndrome, and shock liver requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Inotropes and vasopressors were contraindicated. AVN ablation was refused because he wanted to return to truck driving. EF dropped to 10%, and moderate RV dysfunction ensued. Right heart catheterization showed PASP 53, PADP 38, and PCWP 37 with RAP 28mmHg. Coronary angiogram was normal. An Impella device was inserted, and support was set to P6 with 3.4 L/min cardiac output. PVI with cryoablation, PWI, and anterior mitral isthmus ablation was successful. The adequacy of isolation was verified by demonstrating a complete exit block 30 mins after ablation. Normal sinus rhythm was restored after cardioversion. Echo 48 hours later revealed improvement in EF from 10% to 40% in sinus rhythm. Impella and CRRT were weaned. He was discharged on GDMT.

Conclusion

There are no recommendations regarding PVI for AF/RVR on mechanical circulatory support (MCS). MCS assisted PVI/PWI may be the only resort to restore hemodynamic stability in cases where a pacemaker is not desirable. PVI/PWI is a lengthy procedure; the use of the Impella support for PVI/PWI in cardiogenic shock allows adequate time for exit block testing and PWI. The operator can do thorough mapping and ablation, knowing that the patient is receiving adjustable support based on hemodynamic demands. We had a good outcome; nevertheless, the potential pitfalls are unknown.
Movement skills, perception, and physical activity of young children: A mediation analysis
Authors: Capio Catherine M. , Eguia Kathlynne F.
Published: August 2020

Background

Fundamental movement skill proficiency and perceived physical competence have been shown to influence the physical activity of children. However, the mechanisms and patterns of their relationships in early childhood need to be investigated. This study examined the direct and indirect effects of fundamental movement skills and the mediating role of perceived physical competence on the physical activity of young children.

Methods

Participants were 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children (N = 230; 121 girls, 109 boys). Fundamental movement skill components (i.e., locomotor, object control) were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development‐2; perceived physical competence was measured using the physical skills domain of the Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence for young children; and physical activity was monitored using pedometers over a 5‐day period (n = 115). Conditional process analysis was performed to examine mediation.

Results

Object control skill proficiency had a significant positive effect on perceived physical competence (B = 0.28, P = 0.02), and a significant positive effect on daily step counts (B = 0.18, P = 0.04). Perceived physical competence had a significant negative effect on daily step counts (B = −0.31, P = 0.003) and mediated the indirect effect of object control skills on daily step counts (B = −0.09, 95% confidence interval: −0.17 to −0.002).

Conclusions

Object control skill proficiency had a significant direct effect on physical activity, and perceived physical competence mediates an indirect effect. The findings contribute to the evidence base supporting the development of object control skills as a factor that enables adequate physical activity in young children.
Early term delivery is associated with increased neonatal respiratory morbidity
Authors: Bulut Ozgul , Buyukkayhan Derya
Published: August 2020

Background

The recent increase in early term birth rates represents a growing challenge to public health given the association between early term birth and neonatal morbidities. We compared the risk of respiratory morbidity between early term and full‐term infants.

Methods

This retrospective cohort population study included infants born at 37–41 weeks’ gestation in a single tertiary care university hospital between 2014 and 2016. Newborns were categorized as early term (37–38 weeks) and full term (39–41 weeks). The primary outcome was respiratory morbidity.

Results

Of the 4,894 babies born at 37–41 weeks gestational age, 31% (n = 1,521) were early term births. The rate of cesarean deliveries, which were often elective, was higher for early term than for full‐term newborns (P = 0.001). Compared with full‐term newborns, early term newborns, had significantly higher risks of respiratory morbidity (13.2 % vs 6.3 %; odds ratio [OR], 2.28, P = 0.001), respiratory distress syndrome (0.5 % vs 0 %, P = 0.001), transient tachypnea of the newborn (11.2 % vs 4.6 %; OR, 2.72, P = 0.001), continuous positive airway pressure use (9.7 % vs 3.7 %; OR, 2.82, P = 0.001), and ventilation support (1.4% vs 0.4%; OR, 4.11, P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The elevated frequency of respiratory morbidity in early term infants emphasizes the importance of early term birth interventions. More than half of the early term births were elective cesarean sections; interventions should therefore focus on reducing elective cesarean procedures at the time of first birth.
Aesthetic practices and normativity
Authors: Kubala Robbie
Published: August 2020

What should we do, aesthetically speaking, and why? Any adequate theory of aesthetic normativity must distinguish reasons internal and external to aesthetic practices. This structural distinction is necessary in order to reconcile our interest in aesthetic correctness with our interest in aesthetic value. I consider three case studies—score compliance in musical performance, the look of a mowed lawn, and literary interpretation—to show that facts about the correct actions to perform and the correct attitudes to have are explained by norms internal to a practice. Practice‐internal norms, however, cannot settle the distinct question of which practices we have reason to opt into. When it comes to the source of aesthetic normativity—in virtue of what aesthetic value is genuinely reason‐giving—I argue that existing accounts, which appeal to pleasure or achievement, are inadequate. The only practice‐external aesthetic requirement is a generic one to opt into at least some aesthetic practices.
Decades‐long involvement of signalling pathways in cardiovascular research using zebrafish model and its global trends
Authors: Binesh Ambika
Published: August 2020

Research on zebrafish as a model system began a few decades ago, and later, studies on zebrafish developmental biology and genetics resulted in the characterization of a large number of genes involved in vertebrate development and cell signalling pathways, thus establishing zebrafish as a relevant human disease model for research. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the first leading cause of death and are expected to rise over 23.6 million by 2030. Environmental toxicants such as drugs, alcohols and chemicals can activate/disrupt number of signalling pathways, led to the cardiovascular toxicity and perturb the development of myocardium, cardiomyocytes, cardiac valve formation and cardiac trabecular growth. Based on the total publication output, USA's contribution to cardiovascular research using zebrafish as a model organism was immense compared to that of other countries. Harvard University contributed comprehensive research on CVD using zebrafish model with a cumulative occurrence of keywords like zebrafish, angiogenesis, cardiovascular disease, pollutants and developmental process. Many pathways are redundant, and the activation of certain targets implicated in cardiovascular disease development is by inhibiting one particular pathway leading to activation of alternative signalling pathways. Targeting highly specific pathways by single compounds inhibiting only one protein generally leads to resistance to this therapeutic agent. It is understood from the publications and citations, that the use of zebrafish as a cardiovascular disease (CVD) model has been gradually expanded from 2000 to 2019, likely due to the recapitulated pathophysiology of the human heart.
Triploid induction in penaeid shrimps aquaculture: a review
Authors: Manan Hidayah , Ikhwanuddin Mhd
Published: August 2020

The application of biotechnology in marine shrimp especially in penaeid shrimps aquaculture is increasing in demand. Researcher and scientist consents that application of biotechnology helps improve the shrimp quality and consequently increase the aquaculture shrimp productions. The monosex culture becomes one of the focuses nowadays as the techniques can help increasing the aquaculture yield and obviously increases the aquaculture production. The application of triploidy in penaeid shrimp helps to increase the shrimp size, faster the shrimp growth and also recognized as one of the successful techniques for monosex culture as well as induction of polyploidy, gynogenesis and hormones induces. Triploidy technique is also beneficial to be applied in the shrimp aquaculture for the production purposes. This review paper focuses on the triploid induction in penaeid shrimps, the suitable method to be applied, and also the overview of the triploidy induction from others previous study. Hopefully, this review paper can be the benchmark for the application of triploidy technique in shrimp aquaculture industry and help promoting the shrimp aquaculture shrimp productions in the future.
Secondary Risk Theory: Validation of a Novel Model of Protection Motivation
Authors: Cummings Christopher L. , Rosenthal Sonny , Kong Wei Yi
Published: August 2020

Protection motivation theory states individuals conduct threat and coping appraisals when deciding how to respond to perceived risks. However, that model does not adequately explain today's risk culture, where engaging in recommended behaviors may create a separate set of real or perceived secondary risks. We argue for and then demonstrate the need for a new model accounting for a secondary threat appraisal, which we call secondary risk theory. In an online experiment, 1,246 participants indicated their intention to take a vaccine after reading about the likelihood and severity of side effects. We manipulated likelihood and severity in a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design and examined how well secondary risk theory predicts vaccination intention compared to protection motivation theory. Protection motivation theory performed better when the likelihood and severity of side effects were both low (R2 = 0.30) versus high (R2 = 0.15). In contrast, secondary risk theory performed similarly when the likelihood and severity of side effects were both low (R2 = 0.42) or high (R2 = 0.45). But the latter figure is a large improvement over protection motivation theory, suggesting the usefulness of secondary risk theory when individuals perceive a high secondary threat.
Global Warming Risk Perceptions in India
Authors: Thaker Jagadish , Smith Nicholas , Leiserowitz Anthony
Published: August 2020

Few studies have focused on global warming risk perceptions among people in poor and developing countries, who are disproportionately impacted by climate change. This analysis conducts a comprehensive assessment of global warming risk perceptions in India using a national sample survey. Consistent with cultural theory, egalitarianism was positively associated with global warming risk perceptions. In addition, perceived vulnerability and resilience to extreme weather events were also two of the strongest factors associated with global warming risk perceptions. While worry was positively associated with risk perceptions, it accounted for only a small proportion of the variance, unlike studies in developed countries. Finally, the study also collected global warming affective images. The most common responses were “don't know” or “can't say” (25%), followed by “pollution” (21%), “heat” (20%), and “nature” (16%). The study finds that the predictors of global warming risk perceptions among the Indian public are both similar and different than those in developed countries, which has important implications for climate change communication in India.
Reduce or recycle? Revealing source to sink links through integrated zircon–feldspar provenance fingerprinting
Authors: Barham Milo , Kirkland Christopher L. , Hovikoski Jussi , Alsen Peter , Hollis Julie , Tyrrell Shane
Published: August 2020

Abstract

The geochemical character of detrital mineral grains carries information that can be used to track sediment generation and transport within the broader context of basin development and crustal evolution. Many provenance studies focus on single minerals, which, as a consequence of different source fertility, survivorship and sediment sample representativeness, generate bias and consequently potentially skew geological interpretations. While a range of approaches has been proposed to either quantify or mitigate some of these biases, a significant limitation associated with the most commonly employed provenance proxy – zircon – remains that the grains are remarkably robust and capable of surviving numerous cycles of erosion, deposition and uplift. Here, same‐sample integration of zircon and feldspar provenance information is used to propose a sediment recycling metric ‘R’. This metric quantifies the degree of relative recycling of distinctive source components through comparison of provenance proxies with similar source region fertilities but different survivorship potential. This approach is applied to a case study of several thousand new zircon U‐Pb ages and K‐feldspar Pb‐isotope ratios from 25 Carboniferous to Palaeogene clastic samples from the poorly studied Wollaston Forland–Clavering Ø region in hydrocarbon prospective north‐east Greenland. Concordant detrital zircon populations are dominated by Palaeoproterozoic (ca 1.9 to 1.8 Ga) grains (>60%), with more minor Palaeozoic, Neo‐Mesoproterozoic and Archean subpopulations. Feldspar grain Pb‐isotope ratios almost entirely (>>60%) correspond to Caledonian granites (ca 0.4 Ga). Zircon and feldspar provenance proxies appear decoupled as a consequence of: (i) limited resolvable growth of zircon within Caledonian granites, and more importantly; (ii) significant upgrading of recycled zircon components via rift flanking sedimentary basins. Collectively, the integration of detrital mineral proxies with disparate survivorship potentials through sediment cycles (labile first cycle feldspar versus potentially polycyclic zircon) is essential to facilitate more nuanced definition of sediment source regions, routing pathways and basin evolution.
Capital reallocation: A tale of two frictions*
Authors: Wang Wei
Published: August 2020

This paper explores the role of search and financial frictions in the used capital market. A tractable dynamic general equilibrium model with both frictions is developed to account for procyclicality of reallocation and the price of used capital. Both the aggregate productivity shock and the financial shock can generate procyclical reallocation of used capital. Quantitatively, the financial shock accounts for almost all the variation of used capital reallocation. The aggregate productivity shock is more responsible for the variation of the price of used capital as well as variables outside the used capital market.
An island in transition: governing conservation and development in Seram, Indonesia
Authors: Langston James Douglas , Riggs Rebecca Anne , Boedhihartono Agni Klintuni , Kastanya Agustinus , Sayer Jeffrey
Published: August 2020

Seram is Indonesia's 8th largest island. It is central to the historic spice islands, once a hotbed for international trade of profitable tree‐products, primarily clove and nutmeg. Recent increased rates of social and ecological change, including costly conflicts, present Seram with new challenges and opportunities for conservation and development. Using place‐based transdisciplinary research methods, we diagnose the problems emerging in Seram. Engaging with actors across multiple scales and sectors, we explore drivers of change, social‐ecological impacts, and institutional arrangements that might achieve improved inclusive and sustainable development outcomes. Traditional and formal governance arrangements require harmonizing to optimize the benefits and costs from large‐scale investments arriving in Seram. Organizations wishing to achieve positive impact can more strategically engage with the broad range of actors to harmonize divergent visions for the future and confront the reality of incoming investments and infrastructure.