bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study on the Science Education Students' Learning Attitude on Science
Authors: Zhang Hongyang , Jia Yue
Published: April 2020

In China, the five most well-known normal universities have set a special curriculum for a long time, which combines general education and teaching training for education students. In this study, we used the Colorado Learning Attitude about Science Survey (CLASS) to study the learning attitudes on science changes of the education students in the curriculum structure from 8 CLASS dimensions. The results show that: (a) the learning attitudes on science of education students increase with their seniority; (b) in the curriculum structure, the general education has a little effect on improving the learning attitudes on science of the education students, and they gain a lot after teaching training; (c) compared to masters of education, the undergraduates education needs to strengthen in some aspects.
Going Virtual – ‘No going back in the cave….’
Authors: Singh Jagtar
Published: April 2020

The impact of the Covid-19 crisis and how Trust Boards have adopted technology to face the challenges of how they continue to function effectively.
Robustly Detecting Changes in Warm Jupiters’ Transit Impact Parameters
Authors: Dawson Rebekah I.
Published: April 2020

Torques from a mutually inclined perturber can change a transiting planet’s impact parameter, resulting in variations in the transit shape and duration. Detection of and upper limits on changes in impact parameter yield valuable constraints on a planetary system’s three-dimensional architecture. Constraints for warm Jupiters are particularly interesting because they allow us to test origins theories that invoke a mutually inclined perturber. Because of warm Jupiters’ high signal-to-noise ratio transits, it is feasible to detect changes in impact parameter. However, here we show that allowing the impact parameter to vary uniformly and independently from transit to transit leads to incorrect inferences about the change, propagating to incorrect inferences about the perturber. We demonstrate that an appropriate prior on the change in impact parameter mitigates this problem. We apply our approach to eight systems from the literature and find evidence for changes in impact parameter for warm Jupiter Kepler-46b. We conclude with our recommendations for light-curve fitting, including when to fit impact parameters versus transit durations.
Smaller than Expected Bright-spot Offsets in Spitzer Phase Curves of the Hot Jupiter Qatar-1b
Authors: Keating Dylan , Stevenson Kevin B. , Cowan Nicolas B. , Rauscher Emily , Bean Jacob L. , Bell Taylor , Dang Lisa , Deming Drake , Désert Jean-Michel , Feng Y. Katherina , Fortney Jonathan J. , Kataria Tiffany , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , Lewis Nikole , Line Michael R. , Mansfield Megan , May Erin , Morley Caroline , Showman Adam P.
Published: April 2020

We present Spitzer full-orbit thermal phase curves of the hot Jupiter Qatar-1b, a planet with the same equilibrium temperature—and intermediate surface gravity and orbital period—as the well-studied planets HD 209458b and WASP-43b. We measure secondary eclipse depths of 0.21 ± 0.02% at 3.6 μm and 0.30 ± 0.02% at 4.5 μm, corresponding to dayside brightness temperatures of

K and

K, respectively, consistent with a vertically isothermal dayside. The respective nightside brightness temperatures are

and

K, in line with a trend that hot Jupiters all have similar nightside temperatures. We infer a Bond albedo of

and a moderate day–night heat recirculation efficiency, similar to HD 209458b. General circulation models for HD 209458b and WASP-43b predict that their bright spots should be shifted east of the substellar point by tens of degrees, and these predictions were previously confirmed with Spitzer full-orbit phase curve observations. The phase curves of Qatar-1b are likewise expected to exhibit eastward offsets. Instead, the observed phase curves are consistent with no offset: 11° ± 7° at 3.6 μm and −4° ± 7° at 4.5 μm. The discrepancy in circulation patterns between these three otherwise similar planets points to the importance of secondary parameters like rotation rate and surface gravity, and the presence or absence of clouds, in determining atmospheric conditions on hot Jupiters.
Accounting for Selection Bias Using Simulations: A General Method and an Application to Millimeter-wavelength Surveys
Authors: Gralla Megan B. , Marriage Tobias A.
Published: April 2020

We have developed a new Bayesian method to correct the flux densities of astronomical sources. The hybrid method combines a simulated likelihood to model survey selection together with an analytic source-count-based prior. The simulated likelihood captures the effect of complicated selection methods, such as multi-frequency filtering or imposed restrictions on recovered sample properties (e.g., color cuts). Simulations are also able to capture unanticipated sources of uncertainty. In this way, the method enables a broader application of Bayesian techniques. Use of an analytic prior allows variation of assumed source count models without re-simulating the likelihood. We present the method along with a detailed description of an application to real survey data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope.
Modeling the Uncertainties of Solar System Ephemerides for Robust Gravitational-wave Searches with Pulsar-timing Arrays
Authors: Vallisneri M. , Taylor S. R. , Simon J. , Folkner W. M. , Park R. S. , Cutler C. , Ellis J. A. , Lazio T. J. W. , Vigeland S. J. , Aggarwal K. , Arzoumanian Z. , Baker P. T. , Brazier A. , Brook P. R. , Burke-Spolaor S. , Chatterjee S. , Cordes J. M. , Cornish N. J. , Crawford F. , Cromartie H. T. , Crowter K. , DeCesar M. , Demorest P. B. , Dolch T. , Ferdman R. D. , Ferrara E. C. , Fonseca E. , Garver-Daniels N. , Gentile P. , Good D. , Hazboun J. S. , Holgado A. M. , Huerta E. A. , Islo K. , Jennings R. , Jones G. , Jones M. L. , Kaplan D. L. , Kelley L. Z. , Key J. S. , Lam M. T. , Levin L. , Lorimer D. R. , Luo J. , Lynch R. S. , Madison D. R. , McLaughlin M. A. , McWilliams S. T. , Mingarelli C. M. F. , Ng C. , Nice D. J. , Pennucci T. T. , Pol N. S. , Ransom S. M. , Ray P. S. , Siemens X. , Spiewak R. , Stairs I. H. , Stinebring D. R. , Stovall K. , Swiggum J. K. , van Haasteren R. , Witt C. A. , Zhu W. W.
Published: April 2020

The regularity of pulsar emissions becomes apparent once we reference the pulses’ times of arrivals to the inertial rest frame of the solar system. It follows that errors in the determination of Earth's position with respect to the solar system barycenter can appear as a time-correlated bias in pulsar-timing residual time series, affecting the searches for low-frequency gravitational waves performed with pulsar-timing arrays. Indeed, recent array data sets yield different gravitational-wave background upper limits and detection statistics when analyzed with different solar system ephemerides. Crucially, the ephemerides do not generally provide usable error representations. In this article, we describe the motivation, construction, and application of a physical model of solar system ephemeris uncertainties, which focuses on the degrees of freedom (Jupiter's orbital elements) most relevant to gravitational-wave searches with pulsar-timing arrays. This model, BayesEphem, was used to derive ephemeris-robust results in NANOGrav's 11 yr stochastic-background search, and it provides a foundation for future searches by NANOGrav and other consortia. The analysis and simulations reported here suggest that ephemeris modeling reduces the gravitational-wave sensitivity of the 11 yr data set and that this degeneracy will vanish with improved ephemerides and with pulsar-timing data sets that extend well beyond a single Jovian orbital period.
A New Census of the 0.2 < z < 3.0 Universe. I. The Stellar Mass Function
Authors: Leja Joel , Speagle Joshua S. , Johnson Benjamin D. , Conroy Charlie , van Dokkum Pieter , Franx Marijn
Published: April 2020

There has been a long-standing factor-of-two tension between the observed star formation rate density and the observed stellar mass buildup after z ∼ 2. Recently, we have proposed that sophisticated panchromatic SED models can resolve this tension, as these methods infer systematically higher masses and lower star formation rates than standard approaches. In a series of papers, we now extend this analysis and present a complete, self-consistent census of galaxy formation over 0.2 < z < 3 inferred with the Prospector galaxy SED-fitting code. In this work, Paper I, we present the evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function using new mass measurements of ∼105 galaxies in the 3D-HST and COSMOS-2015 surveys. We employ a new methodology to infer the mass function from the observed stellar masses: instead of fitting independent mass functions in a series of fixed redshift intervals, we construct a continuity model that directly fits for the redshift evolution of the mass function. This approach ensures a smooth picture of galaxy assembly and makes use of the full, non-Gaussian uncertainty contours in our stellar mass inferences. The resulting mass function has higher number densities at a fixed stellar mass than almost any other measurement in the literature, largely owing to the older stellar ages inferred by Prospector. The stellar mass density is ∼50% higher than previous measurements, with the offset peaking at z ∼ 1. The next two papers in this series will present the new measurements of the star-forming main sequence and the cosmic star formation rate density, respectively.
Radial Evolution of Magnetic Field Fluctuations in an Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Sheath
Authors: Good S. W. , Ala-Lahti M. , Palmerio E. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Osmane A.
Published: April 2020

The sheaths of compressed solar wind that precede interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) commonly display large-amplitude magnetic field fluctuations. As ICMEs propagate radially from the Sun, the properties of these fluctuations may evolve significantly. We have analyzed magnetic field fluctuations in an ICME sheath observed by MESSENGER at 0.47 au and subsequently by STEREO-B at 1.08 au while the spacecraft were close to radial alignment. Radial changes in fluctuation amplitude, compressibility, inertial-range spectral slope, permutation entropy, Jensen–Shannon complexity, and planar structuring are characterized. These changes are discussed in relation to the evolving turbulent properties of the upstream solar wind, the shock bounding the front of the sheath changing from a quasi-parallel to quasi-perpendicular geometry, and the development of complex structures in the sheath plasma.
Multiwavelength Absolute Magnitudes and Colors of Red Clump Stars in the Gaia Era
Authors: Plevne Olcay , Önal Taş Özgecan , Bilir Selçuk , Seabroke George M.
Published: April 2020

This study presents the multiwavelength investigation of the absolute magnitudes and colors of the red clump (RC) stars selected from APOGEE and GALAH DR2 combined catalog which is complemented with Gaia DR2 astrometric data and multiwavelength photometric data of GALEX GR6/7, SDSS DR7, Gaia DR2, 2MASS, and WISE sky surveys. The analyses are centered on the different distance estimation methods using Gaia trigonometric parallaxes, (1/ϖ) and Bayes statistics, and chemically defined Galactic disk populations on [α/Fe] × [Fe/H] plane. This investigation questions the long-studied problem of the population effects on RC luminosity. Using two different distance estimation approaches, (i) chemical thin and chemical thick disk RC stars are shown to have different absolute magnitudes, while colors remain the same in all photometric bands. Absolute magnitudes vary between −0.12 and +0.13 mag for the 1/ϖ with the change of the Galactic population. This variation in absolute magnitudes is found to be larger for the other method, (ii) the Besançon population synthesis model of Galaxy for 2MASS photometry, in which the absolute magnitude difference between chemical populations were found between −0.35 and −0.40 mag from thin disk to thick disk. When results compared with each other, differences of absolute magnitudes are about three times larger in the model than in the observations. We confirm that the RC absolute magnitudes depend on α-element abundances of Galactic populations.
Probing the Influence of a Tachocline in Simulated M-dwarf Dynamos
Authors: Bice C. P. , Toomre J.
Published: April 2020

M-type stars are among the best candidates in searches for habitable Earth-like exoplanets, and yet many M-dwarfs exhibit extraordinary flaring that would bombard otherwise habitable planets with ionizing radiation. Observers have found that the fraction of M-stars demonstrating significant activity transitions from roughly 10% for main-sequence stars more massive than 0.35 M
⊙ to nearly 90% for less massive stars. The latter are typically rotating quite rapidly, suggesting differing spin-down histories. It is also below 0.35 M
⊙ when main-sequence stars become fully convective and may no longer contain a tachocline. We turn here to the more massive M-stars to study the impact such a layer may have on their internal dynamics. Using the global MHD code Rayleigh, we compare the properties of convective dynamos generated within rapidly rotating 0.4 M
⊙ stars, with the computational domain either terminating at the base of the convection zone or permitting overshoot into the underlying stable region. We find that a tachocline is not necessary for the organization of strong toroidal wreaths of magnetism in these stars, though it can increase the coupling of mean field amplitudes to the stellar rotation rate. Additionally, we note that the presence of a tachocline tends to make magnetic cycles more regular than they would otherwise have been, and can permit alternative field configurations with much longer cycles. Finally, we find that the tachocline helps enhance the emergent fields and organize them into larger spatial scales, providing favorable conditions for more rapid spin-down via the stellar wind.
Geology and paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous Kem Kem Group of eastern Morocco
Authors: Ibrahim Nizar , Sereno Paul C. , Varricchio David J. , Martill David M. , Dutheil Didier B. , Unwin David M. , Baidder Lahssen , Larsson Hans C. E. , Zouhri Samir , Kaoukaya Abdelhadi
Published: April 2020

The geological and paleoenvironmental setting and the vertebrate taxonomy of the fossiliferous, Cenomanian-age deltaic sediments in eastern Morocco, generally referred to as the “Kem Kem beds”, are reviewed. These strata are recognized here as the Kem Kem Group, which is composed of the lower Gara Sbaa and upper Douira formations. Both formations have yielded a similar fossil vertebrate assemblage of predominantly isolated elements pertaining to cartilaginous and bony fishes, turtles, crocodyliforms, pterosaurs, and dinosaurs, as well as invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils. These fossils, now in collections around the world, are reviewed and tabulated. The Kem Kem vertebrate fauna is biased toward large-bodied carnivores including at least four large-bodied non-avian theropods (an abelisaurid,Spinosaurus,Carcharodontosaurus, andDeltadromeus), several large-bodied pterosaurs, and several large crocodyliforms. No comparable modern terrestrial ecosystem exists with similar bias toward large-bodied carnivores. The Kem Kem vertebrate assemblage, currently the best documented association just prior to the onset of the Cenomanian-Turonian marine transgression, captures the taxonomic diversity of a widespread northern African fauna better than any other contemporary assemblage from elsewhere in Africa.
Au-delà du modèle voyageur ? Usage stratégique et hybridation du financement basé sur la performance (FBP) dans la santé au Burundi
Authors: Falisse Jean-Benoît
Published: April 2020

Le financement basé sur la performance (FBP) a amplement voyagé en Afrique. Une analyse des entretiens avec des acteurs clefs et de la littérature grise montre que sa mise en œuvre au Burundi répond à un usage stratégique, comme outil de réalisation de la politique de gratuité partielle des soins, et renforce une élite technocratique au ministère de la Santé. Saisir cette reterritorialisation politique et stratégique est fondamental pour la compréhension des modèles voyageurs dans la santé globale.
Les géants du numérique au chevet de l’Afrique. Le téléphone portable comme nouvel outil de santé globale
Authors: Al Dahdah Marine
Published: April 2020

Avec la généralisation du téléphone portable et de l’Internet mobile, la technologie numérique fait l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt sur le continent africain. Un nombre croissant d’acteurs internationaux propose d’utiliser le téléphone portable comme instrument central pour régler des questions de santé publique en Afrique. S’appuyant sur l’analyse du « portefeuille mobile de santé » de la plateforme d’argent mobile la plus célèbre au monde, M-Pesa, cet article interroge les tenants et les enjeux de la mise en œuvre, grâce au téléphone portable, d’une « couverture santé universelle de marché » au Kenya.
Comprendre et vivre la révolution numérique : les enjeux sociétaux
Authors: Deschamps de Paillette Thierry
Published: April 2020

À l’heure où un assistant vocal, un réfrigérateur ou un smartphone peuvent débiter notre compte bancaire, où une montre connectée peut mesurer et communiquer les paramètres vitaux de son propriétaire à des services d’urgence ou prendre rendez-vous avec un médecin, où un scanner commence à proposer un diagnostic, la révolution numérique bouleverse et interroge nos modèles de société, leurs économies ou modes de gouvernance tout autant que nos rapports sociaux. Santé, éducation, commerce, transports, finances, médias, administrations, politiques, agriculture, relations, habitat, la digitalisation n’épargne aucun domaine. Des intelligences artificielles alimentées par des quantités ahurissantes de données émanant de millions d’objets connectés mesurent, analysent et influencent nos choix, comportements ou agissements. Les implications innombrables de ces technologies dans la vie quotidienne croissent à une vitesse vertigineuse. Elles nécessitent de notre part une adaptation tout aussi rapide et pour laquelle nous ne sommes que partiellement préparés. L’égalité d’accès aux soins, à l’éducation et aux services publics est-elle menacée ? Quelles sont les conséquences sociales de ce tsunami digital ? Pour répondre à cette question, il est d’une importance capitale de comprendre les mécanismes, actions et tendances de cette transition. L’utilisation d’une approche nouvelle, globale et systémique peut permettre de se l’approprier puis de se positionner individuellement et collectivement face aux enjeux et à la multitude de choix qui l’accompagnent. C’est le propos de cet article.
Le numérique, le risque de ne plus prévenir le non-recours
Authors: Revil Hélèna , Warin Philippe
Published: April 2020

La dématérialisation des relations administratives peut engendrer du non-recours aux prestations sociales et aux services. Ce risque concerne en premier lieu les populations en manque d’autonomie numérique qui, souvent, sont celles qui ont le plus besoin de recourir à des aides sociales pour s’en sortir au quotidien. Toutefois, le problème n’est pas uniquement celui de l’inclusion sociale d’une population moins autonome. Il n’est pas seulement – ni même principalement si l’on se situe sur le plan de la démocratie – celui de barrières supplémentaires dans l’accès aux droits, mais également – sinon surtout – celui de la suppression d’un vaste espace de relations en face à face, où il est possible d’exprimer et de comprendre les raisons d’un non-recours dans un grand nombre de situations. Le risque du numérique est non seulement de pouvoir engendrer du non-recours mais aussi et surtout d’empêcher de l’entendre et de le prévenir.
Les animateurs socioculturels en EHPAD et les technologies numériques : pour qui, pourquoi ?
Authors: Carton Éric
Published: April 2020

Après une définition de l’animation sociale et socioculturelle, l’article aborde la place des animateurs dans les établissements d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes ( ehpad ). À partir d’exemples concrets, il analyse comment les animateurs, après avoir utilisé de nouvelles technologies dans le cadre de leur travail (planification, création de documents graphiques, communication externe, recherche d’activités), ont adapté leurs pratiques en intégrant les technologies numériques (journal, vidéo, contacts avec la famille lointaine, jeux) devenant alors des médiateurs numériques. Cela permet d’aborder les relations spécifiques des animateurs avec les technologies numériques. Dans le même temps, de par la place particulière des animateurs en ehpad , n’étant ni personnel soignant ni personnel d’entretien, affectés principalement au bien-être des usagers, l’article montre en quoi leur vision peut aussi freiner l’installation de certaines innovations technologiques qui peuvent soit justifier, soit amener une diminution de temps de relations humaines.
The effect of probiotics on prevention of upper respiratory tract infections in the paediatric community – a systematic review
Authors: Emre İ.E. , Eroğlu Y. , Kara A. , Dinleyici E.C. , Özen M.
Published: April 2020

Prevention of acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) is becoming an increasingly important concept in public health application due to the increase in antibiotic resistance. Probiotics have been shown to have some effect on prevention in various reviews. In this study we aimed to re-asses the effect of probiotics as there has been a substantial increase in literature regarding the effects and safety of probiotics in the paediatric population. Two major databases were systematically searched to identify clinical trials eligible for inclusion. Study selection, data extraction and quality assessment were carried out by two reviewers. This review comprises 33 randomised controlled trials (RCTs) applied to a paediatric population with high-quality methodology. The primary outcome for this review was the incidence of respiratory tract infections. Secondary outcomes were severity of symptoms, missed days of school, incidence of antibiotic use and safety of prebiotic use. This review showed that probiotics have an impact on decreasing the incidence of URTIs and the severity of symptoms. The use of probiotics is extremely safe and as studies increase in evaluation of the effect of probiotics more and more show a significant beneficiary effect. Although still a long way from becoming a unanimous treatment modality, the small positive changes that probiotics have on URTIs is important to consider and the use of probiotics should be encouraged more.
Fracture of an Ossified Tibialis Anterior Tendon
Authors: Lee Woo-Chun , Moon Jeong-Seok , Kim Ji-Yeong , Ko Hyeong-Tak
Published: April 2020

Fractures of ossified tibialis anterior tendon have been successfully managed by the excision of the ossified tendon and transfer of the extensor hallucis longus tendon. A 64-year-old man sustained an injury during mountain hiking 2 weeks prior to presentation, falling down on his heels with his ankle fully plantarflexed. Two tender and bony hard masses were palpable along the course of the tibialis anterior tendon, one at the anteromedial aspect of the ankle and another at the dorsum of the talonavicular joint. Radiographs of the ankle demonstrated an approximately 2×1-cm ovoid-shaped bony mass at the anterior aspect of the ankle joint and another bony mass of similar size and shape at the dorsal aspect of the talonavicular joint. He underwent operative exploration, and complete rupture of the tendon through a bony mass was observed. The gap between the torn ends of the tendon after excision of the mass was too long to be repaired directly. Extensor hallucis longus tendon was retrieved 1 cm proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint and was passed through the insertion of the anterior tibial tendon and pulled proximally and sutured to itself with the ankle in neutral. At 1 year after surgery, plain radiographs and ultrasonography showed no recurrence of calcification or ossification in the tendon and good mobility of the tibialis anterior muscle was observed.
Total Hip Arthroplasty in a Patient With a Contralateral Hemipelvectomy
Authors: Goyal Ravi , Taunton Michael J. , Trousdale Robert T.
Published: April 2020

Hemipelvectomy is a rare procedure performed for tumor resection or trauma. The limb may be spared, and the patients often require extensive rehabilitation. We report the outcome of a total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a patient with endstage hip arthritis in a high dislocated hip contralateral to a remote, traumatic hemipelvectomy. To our knowledge this is the first reported case with mid-term follow-up of a patient undergoing THA for degenerative, traumatic hip dislocation with a contralateral external (limb-sacrificing) hemipelvectomy. Patient history, surgical details, and follow-up 5 years from the index arthroplasty are presented. This case report documents that THA after hemipelvectomy can be a durable procedure, and provide reliable pain relief and improvement in function at intermediate follow-up using good surgical techniques, and with the use of noncemented implants.
Interpositional Arthroplasty of the Calcaneocuboid Joint Using a Regenerative Tissue Matrix to Treat Recurrent Nonunion
Authors: Kim David H. , Berkowitz Mark , Pino Edward , Bruck Edward
Published: April 2020

Nonunion after foot arthrodesis is a difficult clinical problem to solve. This article presents a case of a patient who underwent 3 unsuccessful attempts at calcaneocuboid joint arthrodesis. This problem was salvaged with interpositional arthroplasty of the joint with successful clinical outcome.

A 49-year-old woman with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis underwent triple hind-foot arthrodesis. Although the talonavicular joint and the talocalcaneal joints achieved successful arthrodesis, the calcaneocuboid joint did not unite. Revision arthrodesis of the joint, as well as another attempt at percutaneous grafting had failed. Infection was ruled out by biopsy. In each instance, her postoperative course was complicated by difficulty complying with nonweight bearing restrictions, changes in her rheumatoid arthritis medications, and medical comorbidities. Considering all of her medical and rehabilitation issues, she underwent interpositional arthroplasty using a regenerative tissue matrix, rather than a fourth attempt at arthrodesis. Allograft dermal matrix was used as interpositional material at the calcaneocuboid joint. One year postoperatively, the patient reports only mild discomfort in the hindfoot, which does not interfere with her activities of daily living.

In the difficult setting of multiple failed attempts at arthrodesis, interpositional arthroplasty can be considered in a nonweight-bearing joint such as the calcaneocuboid joint. Interpositional arthroplasty represents a technique capable of providing pain relief in clinical situations in which osseous union cannot be achieved.
Prosthesis Retention, Serial Debridement, and Antibiotic Bead Use for the Treatment of Infection Following Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Tintle LT Scott M. , Forsberg LCDR Jonathan A. , Potter MAJ Benjamin K. , Islinger Richard B. , Andersen LTC Romney C.
Published: April 2020

The clinical outcomes of a consecutive series of deep total joint infections treated with a prosthesis retaining protocol were reviewed. Each patient underwent surgical treatment consisting of serial irrigation and debridements, polyethylene exchange when applicable, interval placement and exchange of intra-articular tobramycin/vancomycin-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads and 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. The primary outcome measures were clinical, radiographic, or laboratory evidence of recurrent prosthetic infection or revision total joint arthroplasty for any reason. At a mean follow-up of 37 months (range, 23–41 months), all infections were eradicated while retaining prosthetic components. No further operative intervention was required for any patient. This treatment protocol can be successful in appropriately selected patients, presenting with early postoperative or acute hematogenous deep total joint infections.
Construccionalización y obsolescencia en las colocaciones tipo caerle/venirle/entrarle en N‘agrado’
Authors: Alba-Salas Josep
Published: April 2020

Partiendo de un trabajo anterior sobre el origen de las colocaciones tipo caerle/venirle/entrarle en N‘agrado’ y su expansión en el Bajo Medievo y principios del Renacimiento, se examina la lexicalización y caída en desuso de estas estructuras a partir del Siglo de Oro. La pérdida de este patrón colocacional, que solo ha dejado vestigios como caerle en gracia, conllevó dos cambios relacionados que se discuten dentro del modelo construccionista diacrónico de Traugott y Trousdale: la construccionalización léxica y la obsolescencia de un subesquema construccional.
Bioacoustic Monitoring Reveals Details of Tricolored Blackbird Breeding Phenology
Authors: Schackwitz Wendy , Airola Daniel A. , Greene Alex , Schackwitz Michael , Woodruff Julie
Published: April 2020

Bioacoustic monitoring has been used to study behaviors of organisms from insects to whales. Studies using multiple vocalizations of a single species have the potential to determine detailed phenology, but to date they are rare. We tested whether bioacoustic monitoring of multiple gender- and age-specific vocalizations of the imperiled tricolored blackbird Agelaius tricolor could provide detailed information on reproductive phenology and breeding success. Using inexpensive cell phones and free software applications, we collected audio recordings of tricolored blackbird colonies during their breeding season. Adding solar panels enabled the stations to run autonomously, and use of cellular data enabled remote uploading of recordings. Analysis of the presence or absence of three vocalizations—male song, female song, and nestling call—provided a rich and detailed description of the breeding phenology including the dates for courtship; onset of nest building, incubation, and nestling hatching; and fledgling departure from nesting colonies. The resulting detail was more granular and accurate than comparable data from field monitoring, although field monitoring provides data such as abundance counts that bioacoustic monitoring does not. This information has a wide range of applications to research and conservation, from enabling more accurate abundance estimates, to assessing colony success or failure with fewer visits, to providing stronger guidance for when a colony must be protected from disruption.
L’évolution de l’histoire migratoire finlandaise : de l’exode des autochtones aux commerces des Africains
Authors: Ranta Anna-Kaisa
Published: April 2020

Cet article se propose d’étudier l’évolution de l’histoire migratoire finlandaise. Pays d’émigration dans les années 1980, la Finlande accueille aujourd’hui diverses populations. Nous verrons ici les principales caractéristiques de cette évolution et aborderons, dans un deuxième temps, plus particulièrement le cas des migrants subsahariens. Même si ceux-ci sont peu nombreux (9 836 migrants issus de l’Afrique subsaharienne en 2006), leur présence est aujourd’hui de plus en plus perceptible, notamment à travers l’implantation de commerces dits ethniques dans les quartiers cosmopolites d’Helsinki. À partir d’une enquête exploratoire réalisée à « Kallio », un quartier péricentral d’Helsinki, il s’agit de proposer des pistes de réflexions permettant de mieux lire cette dynamique urbaine, encore peu étudiée en Finlande.
ADOLESCÊNCIA E TRABALHO PSÍQUICO: CONSIDERAÇÕES PSICANALÍTICAS SOBRE O SUICÍDIO EM ALGUMAS CANÇÕES
Authors: Viola Daniela Teixeira Dutra , Moreira Jacqueline de Oliveira , Teixeira Fabiana Cristina
Published: April 2020

O presente artigo realiza uma investigação psicanalítica sobre adolescência e suicídio por meio de uma elaboração teórica e do exame de algumas canções brasileiras que apresentam essa temática. Com base na abordagem psicanalítica da adolescência, ressalta-se a concepção freudiana de trabalho psíquico. Este é necessário na operação de atualização subjetiva que viabiliza a passagem adolescente e tem semelhanças com o processo de elaboração do luto.  Esse ponto de convergência é o suporte da aproximação que propomos entre adolescência, suicídio e suas narrativas ficcionais, entre elas as canções. Entendemos o alcance e os limites dessas formas sublimadas de discurso com as quais muitos adolescentes se identificam. De um lado, as canções podem constituir narrativas que dão um tratamento à angústia que irrompe com o despertar pubertário, possibilitando construções singulares por meio da palavra. De outro, a imersão do sujeito num discurso sobre a morte pode intensificar a angústia e ocasionar identificações soldadas por um gozo mortífero, precipitando o ato.
GESTÃO DE MARKETING E O SEXISMO NA COMUNICAÇÃO: O PAPEL DA LIDERANÇA
Authors: Sousa Bruno Miguel , Cardoso Ana Sofia
Published: April 2020

Estudos indicam que as mulheres enfrentam mais dificuldades nas áreas empresariais (gestão, contabilidade, finanças, ciências do comportamento e gestão de pessoas) do que os seus colegas homens, devido a considerações estereotipadas sobre o seu papel, que têm consequências negativas nas oportunidades no local de trabalho. Neste sentido, a liderança surge, nesta investigação, com um papel reforçado e como uma ferramenta crucial no apoio à gestão do marketing (em específico, o caso da comunicação e da publicidade) e na sua relação com o sexismo e a igualdade do género. Em específico, torna-se necessário compreender até que ponto a comunicação social e a indústria publicitária influenciam os estereótipos que vão ditar a ascensão ou não da liderança feminina. O presente trabalho visa contribuir, em nível teórico, para a compreensão deste fenómeno, reunindo alguns dos principais contributos da literatura. Estudos futuros deverão conduzir os investigadores no sentido de testar empiricamente qual o papel da liderança na definição das políticas e planos de comunicação das organizações (em específico, a promoção da igualdade de género). Numa perspetiva interdisciplinar, o presente estudo pretende contribuir para o marketing e para o comportamento organizacional. Futuros trabalhos deverão conduzir à elaboração de focus group e entrevistas em profundidade reunindo alguns agentes da tomada de decisão (na ótica da empresa) e consumidores (na ótica da procura).
O QUE FACILITA E DIFICULTA A APRENDIZAGEM? A PERSPETIVA DE ADOLESCENTES
Authors: Cunha Rosário Serrão , Ribeiro Luísa Mota , Sequeira Cristiana , Barros Rita de Almeida , Cabral Leonor , Dias Teresa Silva
Published: April 2020

Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo analisar as perceções de alunos adolescentes acerca dos aspetos que facilitam e dificultam a sua aprendizagem. O conhecimento das perceções dos alunos sobre a sua aprendizagem permite melhorar a qualidade dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem. A partir de um guião semiestruturado, foram realizados cinco grupos focais, em cinco escolas privadas do Norte de Portugal, tendo participado 32 alunos selecionados aleatoriamente. Os participantes eram alunos do 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico (7º, 8º e 9º anos), com idades compreendidas entre os 12 e os 15 anos. A análise dos dados seguiu um processo semi-indutivo de codificação descritiva. Os resultados realçam o papel fundamental do professor na aprendizagem; a importância da ação vs passividade dos alunos na sala de aula; a relevância da dimensão emocional e relacional para o envolvimento do aluno; e a relevância das estratégias de autorregulação da aprendizagem. Como implicações sugere-se a concretização de ações junto de professores e alunos assente nos dados recolhidos e analisados, que sejam promotoras da metacognição de ambos.
The p53 Saga: Early Steps in the Development of Tumor Immunotherapy
Authors: DeLeo Albert B. , Appella Ettore
Published: April 2020

This year marks the 40th anniversary of the initial identification of p53 as a transformation-related Ag, which was the result of our effort to identify an antigenically distinct tumor Ag of a chemically induced mouse tumor and develop a cancer vaccine. Many researchers at the time viewed this effort as folly. Since then, its characterization has progressed from being an attractive cancer vaccine candidate to recognition as a key player in regulating critical pathways controlling the cell cycle and oncogenesis. Advances in molecular immunology and oncology have enhanced the role of p53 in both fields. It is now apparent that p53 plays a critical role in controlling immune recognition and responses in normal tissues as well as the tumor microenvironment. Together with the advances in clinical implementation of p53-based cancer immunotherapy, they highlight the importance of p53 in many areas of basic and translational cancer research.
Auditory Processing Disorders: Training of Speech-Language Therapists and Audiologist within the South African context
Authors: Khan Farhana , Campbell Nicci , Louw Brenda
Published: April 2020

This study examined the nature of the undergraduate curricula for Auditory Processing Disorders (APD) for communication pathologists (speech-language therapists and audiologists) within the South African context. An exploratory descriptive survey design was utilised. The respondents (N=9) were the authoritative voices in the area of APD, i.e. academics based at training institutions involved in the training of Speech-Language Therapists and Audiologists in the field of APD. They represented the five institutions providing training in APD at the time of data collection. A specifically designed questionnaire and the course descriptors and/or study guides were used to obtain information on the APD training programmes at each institution. A curriculum analysis framework was utilised to analyse the curricula (Jansen Reddy, 1998). The study found no standard with regard to lecture and clinical time allocation. The time allocated to the theoretical training in APD across the training institutions varied significantly from 4 hours 30 minutes to 53 hours and that for clinical training varied from 7 to 48 hours. However, the results showed that the curricula offered in APD at all training institutions compared favourably with international trends. Information was not forthcoming on how the South African social and contextual issues were incorporated into training in APD.
Kinematic analysis of penile reflexes in a rat model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Steadman Casey J , Vangoor Sai S , Hubscher Charles H
Published: April 2020

The ex-copula penile dorsiflexion reflex (PDFR) is an established measure of sexual dysfunction in male rat models of spinal cord injury. Although the PDFR after complete spinal transection is well described, information regarding the more clinically relevant incomplete spinal contusion injury model is limited. This study examined, using two-dimensional (2D) kinematic analysis, the relationship between the PDFR and degree of white matter sparing (WMS). Male Wistar rats received a T9 contusion with varying degrees of impactor forces. Weekly kinematic recordings of the PDFR were made 3–8 weeks postinjury. Sexual reflex components examined included maximum angle of penile dorsiflexion, total penile event duration, and penile ascent speed. Post hoc comparison between animals grouped based upon injury severity (moderate–severe: 13.33%–17.15% WMS vs moderate: 20.85%–33.50% WMS) indicated PDFR effects. Specifically, the numbers of animals with more moderate contusions having data points above the median in both maximum angle of penile dorsiflexion and penile ascent speed were significantly lower than animals with more severe injuries. Total penile event duration was also affected but only at more chronic time points (6–8 weeks). Thus, 2D kinematic analysis of the PDFR allows for more consistent and quantifiable analysis of the subtle differences that can occur between injury severity groups in the rat contusion model.
Atributos de la personalidad de marca socialmente responsable
Authors: Mayorga Gordillo Javier Andrés , Añaños Carrasco Elena
Published: April 2020

En el contexto actual donde los gobiernos, las empresas y en general la sociedad están en búsqueda de poner fin a la pobreza, proteger el planeta y garantizar que las personas gocen de paz y prosperidad, las acciones de tipo social gestionadas por las organizaciones se han convertido en un elemento que puede influir en la percepción positiva que tienen los públicos de las mismas. Es por este motivo que diversos estudios (Becker-Olsen, Cudmore, y Hill, 2006; Du, Bhattacharya, y Sen, 2007; Hildebrand, Demotta, Sen, y Valenzuela, 2017; Hoeffler y Keller, 2002; Madden, Roth, y Dillon, 2012; Manzano, Simó, y Pérez, 2013; Rivera, Bigne, y Curras-Perez, 2016; Sen y Bhattacharya, 2001, entre otros) se han centrado en analizar los efectos de las acciones de responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC), llegando a concluir que pueden ser un factor que modifica positivamente las percepciones de los consumidores sobre una empresa en su conjunto y de su rol en la sociedad, logrando afectar significativamente la solidez y el valor de una marca. En esta línea, este trabajo analiza los atributos comunicacionales que son percibidos como rasgos determinantes de una personalidad de marca socialmente responsable. Dichos rasgos son valorados por 385 sujetos de diferentes nacionalidades con el objetivo de identificar las asociaciones y las agrupaciones de atributos que permiten la construcción de la personalidad de las marcas socialmente responsables. Los resultados obtenidos muestran la existencia de diversos factores que influyen en la valoración de los atributos estudiados y permiten concluir que existe una estructura relacional de atributos que pueden conformar una nueva dimensión de las marcas dotándolas de una personalidad socialmente responsable que complemente y engrandezca los propios valores de la organización en su conjunto.
Representaciones fotográficas de la sociedad del cansancio y la pobreza
Authors: Del Prado Flores Rogelio , Moreno Basurto Luz Zareth , Chávez Castañeda Mariana
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Se realizó un análisis hermenéutico analógico de fotografías tomadas por estudiantes universitarios de tres entidades federativas de México: Estado de México, Morelia y Querétaro. El objetivo principal de la investigación es analizar las representaciones sociales de jóvenes universitarios de clase media, media-alta y alta de tres estados de México, esto en su forma de encuadrar/percibir al Otro, respecto al cansancio y pobreza. Los temas estudiados fueron las representaciones fotográficas de la sociedad del cansancio y la pobreza. La finalidad fue contrastar las representaciones sociales de los jóvenes, su forma de encuadrar al Otro (que parece vivir en cansancio y pobreza). Metodología. Se consideró un universo de 210 registros fotográficos. La metodología fue descriptiva con base en la hermenéutica analógica. Resultados. Predominio de imágenes en las que se retrata a personas que desarrollan actividades productivas de tipo manual o artesanal en la vía pública. Conclusiones. Los rostros poseen mayor importancia al representar la pobreza, quizá porque son la parte más expresiva del cuerpo, mientras que son adultos y no adultos mayores quienes preponderan en los retratos. La visión del Otro en pobreza y en cansancio es compartida entre los jóvenes.
Surface–atmosphere fluxes of volatile organic compounds in Beijing
Authors: Acton W. Joe F. , Huang Zhonghui , Davison Brian , Drysdale Will S. , Fu Pingqing , Hollaway Michael , Langford Ben , Lee James , Liu Yanhui , Metzger Stefan , Mullinger Neil , Nemitz Eiko , Reeves Claire E. , Squires Freya A. , Vaughan Adam R. , Wang Xinming , Wang Zhaoyi , Wild Oliver , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yanli , Hewitt C. Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Air pollution in Beijing has a major impact on public health and is therefore of concern to both policy makers and the general public. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from both anthropogenic and biogenic sources in urban environments and play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and hence atmospheric pollution through the formation of secondary organic aerosol and tropospheric ozone. Fluxes and mixing ratios of VOCs were recorded in two field campaigns as part of the Air Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH) project at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) meteorological tower in central Beijing. These measurements represent the first eddy covariance flux measurements of VOCs in Beijing giving a top down estimation of VOC emissions from a central area of the city. These were then used to validate the Multi-resolution Emission Inventory for China (MEIC). The APHH winter and summer campaigns took place in November and December 2016 and May and June 2017 respectively. The largest VOC fluxes observed were of small oxygenated compounds such as methanol, ethanol + formic acid and acetaldehyde, with average emission rates of 8.02, 3.88 and 1.76 nmol m−2 s−1 respectively recorded in the summer campaign. In addition a large flux of isoprene was observed in the summer with an average flux of 4.63 nmol m−2 s−1. While oxygenated VOCs made up 60 % of the molar VOC flux measured, when fluxes were scaled by ozone formation potential and peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) formation potential the high reactivity of isoprene and monoterpenes meant that these species represented 30 and 28 % of the flux contribution to ozone and PAN formation potential respectively. Comparison of measured fluxes with the emission inventory showed that the inventory failed to capture VOC emission at the local scale.
Evaluation of the reflectivity calibration of W-band radars based on observations in rain
Authors: Myagkov Alexander , Kneifel Stefan , Rose Thomas
Published: April 2020

Abstract. This study presents two methods to evaluate the reflectivity calibration of W-band cloud radars. Both methods use natural rain as a reference target. The first approach is based on a self-consistency method of polarimetric radar variables, which is widely used in the precipitation radar community. As previous studies pointed out, the method cannot be directly applied to higher frequencies, where non-Rayleigh scattering effects and attenuation have a non-negligible influence on radar variables. The method presented here solves this problem by using polarimetric Doppler spectra to separate backscattering and propagational effects. New fits between the separated radar variables allow to estimate the absolute radar calibration using a minimization technique. The main advantage of the self-consistency method is its less dependence on the spatial variability in radar drop-size-distribution (DSD). The estimated uncertainty of the method is 0.7 dB. The method was applied to three intense precipitation events and the retrieved reflectivity offsets were within the estimated uncertainty range. The second method is an improvement of the conventional disdrometer-based approach, where reflectivity from the lowest range gate is compared to simulated reflectivity using surface disdrometer observations. The improved method corrects first for the time-lag between surface DSD observations and the radar measurements at a certain range. In addition, the effect of evaporation of raindrops on their way towards the surface is mitigated. The disdrometer-based method was applied to 12 rain events observed by vertically-pointed W-band radar and showed repeatable estimates of the reflectivity offsets at rain rates below 4 mm/h within 0.9 dB. The proposed approaches can analogously be extended to Ka-band radars. Although very different in terms of complexity, both methods extend existing radar calibration evaluation approaches, which are inevitably needed for the growing cloud radar networks in order to provide high-quality radar observation to the atmospheric community.