bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract 95: Associations of Ischemic Stroke With Known Stroke Susceptibility Loci Vary by Age
Authors: Nabi Mumtahana , Ryan Kathleen , Gaynor Brady , Cole John W ,   Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN),   Early Onset Ischemic Stroke Consortium, Mitchell Braxton D , Kittner Steven J
Published: February 2024

Objective:
The goal of this study was to test whether the strength of association of stroke-associated genetic variants differs by age of stroke onset.

Background:
In the MEGASTROKE GWAS study, 55 variants were robustly associated with ischemic stroke in predominantly older populations. Yet limited research has been carried out to date to understand how these genetic associations are modified by age, which could provide clues to the underlying biological mechanisms of these associations.

Methods:
Analyses were based on 16,000 stroke cases of European ancestry identified from the Stroke Genetics Network (SiGN) and Early Onset Ischemic Stroke Consortium and 24,838 stroke-free controls. We tested if the associations of each variant with stroke differed by age using two complementary approaches. First, we used a case-control logistic regression model testing for the associations of stroke with variant, age, and a variant*age interaction term and second, we used a case-only approach, testing for an association of variant with age of stroke onset. All analyses were adjusted for sex and population structure.

Results:
We identified six variants whose associations were significantly modified by age (p ≤ 0.001) by either analysis; 5 variants by the case-control analysis and 4 variants by the case-only analysis. Among these were 2 variants at the
ABO
locus that have been previously shown to be more strongly associated with early compared to late onset stroke, tagging blood groups A and O, respectively, and a variant in
WNT2B
that has previously been associated with early, but not late, onset ischemic stroke in a small case-control study.

Conclusions:
Six out of 55 variants previously associated with ischemic stroke in large GWAS studies show differential effects by age, with the stroke risk allele more strongly associated with early onset stroke for 5 variants or more strongly associated with older onset stroke (1 variant). Future work is needed to understand the reasons for this age dependency.

Disclosures:
None.

Study Supported By:
R01NS100178, R01NS105150, R01NS114045
Abstract TMP43: Patient Reported Outcomes and Mood Disorders Differences According to Sex and Gender After Stroke
Authors: Rizzo Federica , Taborda Belen , Muchada Marian , Colangelo Giorgio , Purroy Francisco , Ustrell Xavier , Serena Joaquin , Bustamante Alejandro , Barta Laura , Canela Noelia , Perez de la Ossa Natalia , Ribo Marc , Silva Yolanda , Cano David , Molina Carlos A , Rubiera Marta ,   HARMONICS investigators
Published: February 2024

Sex/gender differences in stroke outcomes have been reported with conflicting results. Patient reported outcomes (PROMs) are key in value-based healthcare and may identify gender disparities unnoticed by clinicians. We aimed to evaluate sex-focused outcomes after acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:
Consecutive acute stroke patients admitted to 5 University Hospitals participating in HARMONICS (an EU-funded High-value Stroke care project) discharged home or to socio-rehabilitation centers were offered a harmonized multimodal digital follow-up by a PROMs-through-App program (NORA, NoraHealth Barcelona Spain). PROMs recollection at 90 days included: HADs (anxiety/depression), PROMIS-10 (global physical and mental health) and global health quality (GHQ 0-100). Modified Rankin scale (mRS) was also determined at 3 months. Gender-differences were evaluated and adjusted by potential confounders.

Results:
From 2020, 2268 patients followed the NORA program, 42.5% female, median age 74y. Women were older (78 vs 71y), had worse pre-stroke mRS (1 vs 0), higher medical record of depression (15.3 vs 4.9%), baseline NIHSS (4 vs 3), and discharge/3months mRS (3 vs 2)(p<0.05 for all). Females showed worse PROMS globally and for each mRS score (Figure). Post-stroke depression at 3mo was reported in 21.3% of women and 14.8% of men (p=0.04). In logistic regression adjusted by age, stroke severity and discharge mRS, female sex emerged as an independent predictor of all poor PROMs except depression (PROMIS-physical: OR 2.4, IC 1.6-3.6; PROMIS-mental: OR 1.8, IC 1.2-2.8; HADs-anxiety: OR 2.3, IC 1.3-3.8, p<0.05 for all; HADs-depression: OR 1.1, IC 0.9-2.5, p=0.15).

Conclusion:
Sex differences in outcomes reported by clinicians and patients were detected in our series. Post-stroke depression is a very frequent complication in both sexes. Whether specific interventions following sex or gender-perspective may reduce disparities warrants evaluation.
Abstract TP216: Sex-Based Differences in Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes for Large Ischemic Stroke:
A SELECT2 Subanalysis
Authors: Tsai Jenny P , Nguyen Thanh , Johanna Fifi T , Sundararajan Sophia , Schaafsma Joanna D , Perez de la Ossa Natalia , Abraham Michael G , Chen Michael , Hussain Muhammad S , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Johns Hannah , Opaskar Amanda , Duncan Kelsey R , Churilov Leonid , Pujara Deep , Shaker Faris , Abdulrazzak Mohammad A , Grotta James C , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Hill Michael D , Ribo Marc , Hassan Ameer E , Sila Cathy A , Campbell Bruce , Sarraj Amrou ,   The SELECT2 Investigators
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Multiple randomized controlled trials demonstrated better functional outcomes with endovascular therapy (EVT). Potential heterogeneity in EVT treatment effect by sex is an important question as several social and biological factors are shown to differentially affect stroke outcomes between men and women. We aimed to evaluate if clinical outcomes and thrombectomy treatment effect differed by sex among patients with large ischemic stroke.

Methods:
In the SELECT2 RCT, baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between men and women. The primary outcome was a shift in modified Rankin Scale score, with functional independence (mRS 0-2), independent ambulation (mRS 0-3) and symptomatic ICH as secondary outcomes. Effect modification was examined using multiplicative sex-by-treatment interaction term. Additionally, repeated measure mixed effect models were used to evaluate if recovery in functional status differed by sex at discharge/ 5 to7-day, 30-day, and 90-day follow-up.

Results:
Of 352 enrolled patients, 71/145 (49%) of women and 109/207 (53%) of men underwent EVT. EVT was uniformly associated with better functional outcomes without evidence of treatment effect modification [Men - aGenOR: 1.66(1.24-2.23) vs women - aGenOR: 1.73(1.22-2.45), p-int: 0.94], functional independence [men - aRR: 1.99(0.99-4.02) vs women - aRR: 5.04(1.59-16.02), p-int: 0.20] and independent ambulation [men - aRR: 1.98(1.29-3.03) vs women - aRR: 2.44(1.40-4.24), p-int: 0.67]. There were no significant differences between the two cohorts’ recovery at discharge/5 to 7-day, 30-day, and 90-day follow-up (figure).

Conclusions:
EVT was associated with higher rates of functional independence and independent ambulation in both men and women, without significant heterogeneity in treatment effect or recovery arc between discharge and 90-day follow-up.

Trial Registration:
NCT03876457
Abstract WMP90: Outcomes of Endovascular Treatment versus Best Medical Treatment for Acute Basilar-Artery Occlusion: Impacts of Etiology in the ATTENTION Randomized Trial
Authors: Yuan Guangxiong , Nguyen Thanh , Liu Lei , Li Rui , Xu Lihua , Ma Gaoting , Hu Wei
Published: February 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment versus best medical treatment strategies in acute basilar artery occlusion with different stroke etiologies.

Methods:
The study was a post-hoc analysis of the Trial of Endovascular Treatment of Acute Basilar-artery Occlusion (ATTENTION), which was a multicenter, randomized trial at 36 centers in China from February 2021 to September 2022. Patients with acute basilar artery occlusion were classified into three groups according to stroke etiology: large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), and undetermined/other determined cause (UC/ODC). The primary outcome was favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale 0-3) at 90 days. Safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality.

Results:
A total of 340 patients were included. Compared with best medical treatment, endovascular treatment was associated with higher rates of favorable outcome at 90 days in the LAA group (49.1% vs 23.8%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-6.71), CE group (52.2% vs 30.8%; aOR 3.68; 95%CI 1.04-12.97), and UC/ODC group (37.5% vs 17.4%; aOR 5.73, 95%CI 1.99-16.48). The rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients receiving endovascular treatment with LAA, CE and UC/ODC was 8.3%, 2.2%, and 3.2%, respectively, and none of the best medical treatment patients. Endovascular treatment led to lower 90-day mortality than best medical treatment in LAA patients (33.3% vs 57.1%; aOR 0.41; 95% CI 0.19-0.91). Among patients receiving endovascular treatment, a better functional outcomes of CE etiology was found than the UC/ODC etiology (52.2% vs 37.5%; aOR 2.68; 95% CI 1.07-6.70); there was no differences in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and 90-day mortality among the three etiology subtypes.

Conclusion:
Endovascular treatment was associated with better outcomes than the best medical treatment in acute basilar artery occlusion patients regardless of stroke etiologies, but the benefits-risk ratios were different among etiologies. The stroke etiology might be an important factor in predicting the prognosis of thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion.
Abstract WP41: Last Know Well Documentation Gaps in the Hemorrhagic Stroke Patient Lessons Learned
Authors: Abelt Susan , Luciano Jean , Congdon Michelle , Myers Gary ,   National American Heart Association Hemorrhagic Stroke Collaborative
Published: February 2024

Background:
Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for 10% of strokes and has higher risk for mortality and disability. Documentation of Last Known Well (LKW) for Ischemic stroke patients is firmly integrated in code-stroke processes to aid clinical decision making. Hematoma expansion may occur in ICH. LKW aids in time sensitive treatment modalities for BP management and anticoagulation reversal to reduce risk of neurological demise. LKW in ICH patients has not been well established as an important timely metric.

Purpose:
Translation of ICH guidelines into actionable metrics for data collection is needed to enhance outcomes.

Methods:
Twenty Comprehensive Stroke Centers participated in a three-year ICH learning collaborative from 2020-2022. Expanded ICH data elements were added to Get With The Guidelines® (GWTG)-Stroke registries to identify data gaps and facilitate quality improvement. Abstractors reviewed coding definitions and participated in American Heart Association® (AHA) National
Office Hours
to ensure data integrity. ICH data was reviewed quarterly.
Records with Missing Times
was one of fourteen measures analyzed; LKW documentation revealed low compliance. Findings: From 2020-2022 there were n=6,648 ICH patients entered, of that 49.1% did not have an LKW. Data was filtered by patient arrival mode to assess gaps. EMS arrival=33.7%, transfer from another hospital=55.4%, and private transport=58.5% had missing documentation. To understand documentation gaps, a fishbone diagram was used to illustrate causality. Contributing categories were as follows: patient demographics, resources, transfers, symptom presentation, clinical care, clinical specialty, and abstraction. Analysis of time sensitive treatments requiring LKW such as
Anticoagulant Reversal for Direct Oral Anticoagulants (DOAC)
showed 52 patients taking a DOAC on arrival did not have a LKW and were not reversed.

Conclusions:
Education and documentation strategies were implemented locally to optimize data capture. Providing scientific rationale for documenting LKW and its relationship to time sensitive interventions will be shared on a national level. Future considerations are to examine if adverse outcomes exist due to documentation and treatment gaps.
Literary Imitation in Three Poems Attributed to Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn
Authors: Shayani Sahba
Published: February 2024

Throughout both modern and contemporary periods of Iranian poetry, the figure of Tahirih Qurrat al-ʿAyn as a poet has been largely ignored, while some focus has been placed upon her historical roles. Although a large part of this active disregard for her poetry has undoubtedly stemmed from politico-religious intolerance, it has also partially resulted from a lack of detailed information and primary sources. This article advances our understanding of Tahirih the poet by comparing three of the most famous poems attributed to her – “Ay ʿāshiqān, ay ʿāshiqān shud āshikārā wajh-i ḥaqq,” “Ay bi sar-i zulf-i tu sawdā-yi man,” and “Jadhabāt shawqik uljimat bi-salāsil al-ghamm wa-l-balā” – all of which are “literary imitations” (istiqbāl), with the original pieces composed by Rumi, Hātif, and Jāmī, respectively. By comparing Tahirih’s poems with the previous pieces, we gain access to the subtleties and nuances that inform us about the poetic persona of this historical figure.
Updates on the taxonomy of Ilyobius nubilus (Navás, 1933) (Megaloptera: Sialidae: Sialinae) and Ilyobius brasiliensis (Navás, 1936) from southeastern Brazil
Authors: MENDES GABRIELA CAROLINE , NASCIMENTO JEANE MARCELLE CAVALCANTE DO , FUSARI LÍVIA MARIA , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: February 2024

Species of the Neotropical genus Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) are rare and poorly known because adults are infrequently collected in the field and the larvae have restricted habitat in the stream, facts that make obtaining specimens difficult to access for study. Herein we redescribe the female, describe the male and the larva of Ilyobius nubilus (Navás, 1933) based on specimens collected on the coast of São Paulo State. Adults were obtained mainly by rearing larvae in laboratory condition until adult emergence. The holotype for Ilyobius brasiliensis (Navás, 1936) was examined, and we contand that it is a valid species. Therefore, we do not corroborate its synonymy with I. nubilus. Ilyobius nubilus is a member of the I. chilensis group, and the male genitalia structure, described in this work, also supports its inclusion in this species group.
The genus Dedalopterus Sabatinelli & Pontuale, 1998 (Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Leucopholini) in Laos and Vietnam, with description of a new species
Authors: PHAM PHU VAN , AHRENS DIRK , SABATINELLI GUIDO
Published: February 2024

The genus Dedalopterus Sabatinelli & Pontuale, 1998 from Laos and Vietnam is reviewed: three species are present of which Dedalopterus lexuanhuei Pham, Ahrens & Sabatinelli, new species from Central Vietnam (Ngoc Linh Mts., Annamite Range) is here described. Dedalopterus malyszi Bunalski, 2001 is present in North Vietnam (Lao Cai, Hoang Lien Son Range), and Dedalopterus pulchellus Sabatinelli & Pontuale, 1998 (= D. bezdekorum Zídek & Krajčík, 2007, new synonymy) is known from Northeast Laos (Mt. Xiangkhouang and Mt. Phou Pan). Additional records, an updated checklist, and an identification key of the genus Dedalopterus are provided. All species treated are abundantly illustrated.
Self-stigma, religiosity, and perceived social support in people with recent-onset psychosis in the Islamic Republic of Iran: Associations with symptom severity and psychosocial functioning
Authors: Djordjevic M , Farhang S , Shirzadi M , Mousavi SB , Bruggeman R , Malek A , Mohagheghi A , Ranjbar F , Shafiee-Kandjani AR , Jongsma HE , Veling W
Published: February 2024

Aims:

Most evidence on psychosocial factors in recent-onset psychosis comes from high-income countries in Europe, Australia, Canada and the USA, while these factors are likely to differ under varying sociocultural and economic circumstances. In this study, we aimed to investigate associations of self-stigma, religiosity and perceived social support with symptom severity and psychosocial functioning in an Iranian cohort of people with recent-onset psychosis (i.e. illness duration of <2 years).

Methods:

We used baseline data of 361 participants ( N = 286 [74%] male, mean age = 34 years [Standard Deviation = 10.0]) from the Iranian Azeri Recent-onset Acute Phase Psychosis Survey (ARAS). We included assessments of self-stigma (Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, ISMI), religiosity (based on Stark & Glock), perceived social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, MSPSS), symptom severity (Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale, PANSS) and psychosocial functioning (clinician-rated Global Assessment of Functioning Scale, GAF, and self-reported World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, WHODAS 2.0). Descriptive analyses were employed to characterize the study sample. Covariate-adjusted ordinal and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to investigate cross-sectional associations of baseline ISMI, religiosity and MSPSS with concurrent PANSS, GAF and WHODAS 2.0.

Results:

Higher self-stigma was associated with poorer self-reported functioning ( B = 0.375 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.186, 0.564]) and more severe concurrent symptoms ( B = 0.436 [95% CI: 0.275, 0.597]). Being more religious was associated with poorer clinician-rated functioning (OR = 0.967 [95% CI: 0.944, 0.991]), but with less severe symptoms ( B = −0.258 [95% CI: −0.427, −0.088]). Stronger social support was associated with poorer clinician-rated (OR = 0.956 [95% CI: 0.935, 0.978]) and self-reported functioning ( B = 0.337 [95% CI: 0.168, 0.507]).

Conclusion:

This study shows that self-stigma, religiosity and perceived social support were associated with symptom severity and clinician-rated as well as self-reported psychosocial functioning in an Iranian cohort of people with recent-onset psychosis. The findings extend previous evidence on these psychosocial factors to one of the largest countries in the Middle East, and suggest that it may be worthwhile to develop strategies aimed at tackling stigma around psychosis and integrate the role of religiosity and social support in mental ill-health prevention and therapy.
Diplomatic Statements and the Strategic Use of Terrorism in Civil Wars
Authors: Levy Gabriella , Dudley Rebecca , Chen Chong , Siegel David A.
Published: February 2024

How does third-party diplomatic and material support affect rebel groups’ use of terrorism in civil wars? We argue via a game-theoretic model that diplomatic support prompts prospective shifts in rebel tactics, from civilian to military targets, in anticipation of material support, while material support alters the cost structure of attacks, leading to the same tactical shift. We empirically test the model’s implications using an original dataset of UN resolutions about countries in civil wars as well as a case study of South Africa. In support of our theory, we find that both diplomatic resolutions and material interventions in favor of the rebels are associated with rebel tactical shifts, leading to decreased reliance on violence against civilians. These findings demonstrate the value of modeling civilian and military targeting as substitutes rather than examining civilian targeting in isolation.
Gendering hawkishness in the war room: Evidence from Pakistani politicians
Authors: Humayun Fahd
Published: February 2024

Can representation in foreign policy deliberations – in particular, increased female representation – impact deliberators’ support for interstate conflict resolution? While existing work on gender representation in IR suggests that increased female representation should moderate intragroup hawkishness, making conflict resolution more viable, I offer empirical evidence that qualifies this idea, based on a survey experiment on 149 male and 55 female elite Pakistani legislators. Politicians of both sexes were randomly assigned to ‘listen in’ on a hypothetical national security deliberation that was either all-male or gender-mixed. I find that politicians’ decisionmaking in these hypothetical committees was informed simultaneously by notions of committee competence and by inferences about the social desirability of hawkish outcomes in deliberative settings. Specifically, respondents assigned to gender-mixed committees became less supportive of external conflict resolution. I show how different mechanisms accounted for this increased hawkishness for men and women. Female politicians assigned to gender-mixed committees became more conscious and wary of how their participation, the result of increased representation, would be perceived, compelling them to opt for more hawkish policies. Male politicians, in contrast, attempted to overcompensate for the increased visibility of female representation by resorting to greater levels of aggression.
The model of ring-spun slub yarn based on random fiber arrangement and its application: Part 2 Prediction of morphology parameters for slub yarn and simulation of slub fabric
Authors: Wu Shifeng , Yu Chongwen , Zheng Guangming , Zhou Hengshu , Zhou Yuyang , Zhang Xiaoye , Xiong Haiying
Published: February 2024

The morphology parameters of slub yarn include slub length, base length, the length of the transitional segment, slub multiple, slub linear density, base linear density, and average linear density of slub yarn. These parameters have an impact on the appearance of both slub yarn and its fabric. This paper aims to predict the morphology parameters of spun slub yarn by utilizing the model proposed in Part 1 for ring-spun slub yarns. Once the slub generation mode was known, slub yarn could be simulated with the morphology parameters. The simulated slub fabric was obtained by arranging the simulated slub yarn in the warp and weft directions. According to our study, the prediction accuracy of each morphology parameter was over 80% by comparing the simulated parameters with the measured ones of spun slub yarn. The CV (coefficient of variation) of the slub segment number per unit area was utilized to assess the distribution of slubs in the simulated fabric. This research can facilitate the development of slub yarn and its fabric, providing guidance for technicians to enhance production technology.
Comparison of reality and illusion of wetness on soft materials and the multisensory perceptual space of wetness illusion
Authors: Fan Chenyu , Zhang Zhaohua
Published: February 2024

Skin contact with cold objects can induce the perception of wetness, known as the wetness illusion, even in the absence of actual moisture. However, the differences between wetness perceived from moisture and cooled-dry soft materials and how the material parameters affect the wetness illusion from cooled-dry soft materials remain unclear. This study recruited 12 women and 12 men to touch paired moisture and dry fabrics to compare the prescription and intensity of wetness, suggesting that the wetness illusion focused more on roughness and stickiness while the wetness of moisture fabrics sensed more on coldness. Another 12 women touched cooled-dry materials with different temperatures (10°C and 15°C), thicknesses (0.75/0.73 and 1.99/1.96 mm), and dynamic friction coefficients (mean coefficient of friction) (0.17 and 1.88), rating on wetness dissimilarity and intensity of wetness, coldness, softness, and roughness. Data were illustrated in a two-dimensional space by multidimensional scaling, in which dimension 1 represented the haptic perception in wetness, most related to the mean coefficient of friction, and dimension 2 represented the coldness perception in wetness, most related to temperature. Overall, the mean coefficient of friction and the temperature of the material had a strong influence on the wetness illusion, while the thickness had less impact. This study improves the understanding of wetness illusion and sheds light on the reproduction of wetness perception in multisensory augmented virtual reality, such as immersive gaming and virtual dress fitting.
Making sense of God incarnate: a neglected biblical resource
Authors: Philps Mark
Published: February 2024

The doctrine of the Incarnation raises important questions about the person of Christ and the nature of God. The John 5 discourse where Jesus speaks about what it means to be ‘the Son’ is a neglected source of insight into these questions. The article presents a case for reading this discourse as a statement about the eternal dependence of the Son. This interpretation is backed up by reference to the Synoptic Gospels, the writings of Paul and the work of Augustine. The article does not advocate an Arian ontological subordinationism but a proposal concerning the personhood of the Son. The conclusion sets out some of the gains of this approach.
Differences in time-based prospective memory between field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles under different time monitoring conditions
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Ji Xiaoqi , Gan Jiaqun , Guo Yunfei
Published: February 2024

Time-based prospective memory involves tasks that must be executed at a specific time in the future. Individuals can complete time-based prospective memory tasks using internal attention and external attention. Field-independent and field-dependent cognitive styles are two of the most well-known cognitive styles. Field-independent individuals and field-dependent individuals prefer to use internal reference and external reference to process information, respectively, which implies that there may be differences in the processing mechanisms of the two cognitive styles when performing time-based prospective memory tasks. This study focused on differences in time-based prospective memory performance and processing mechanisms between field-independent and field-dependent cognitive style individuals under different time monitoring conditions. A total of 119 participants were recruited through an Embedded Figure Test and divided into four groups. Time monitoring conditions consisted of a free monitoring condition and a restricted monitoring condition. Participants in the restricted monitoring condition could only press the space bar once, whereas those in the free monitoring condition could check the time at any time and without restrictions. The results of the study showed that field-independent individuals expend less internal and external attention than field-dependent individuals. However, field-independent individuals have higher attention effectiveness and employ more strategies for processing time information. Field-independent individuals were also found to have better time-based prospective memory performance under both time monitoring conditions. Field-dependent individuals did check the time more often under the free monitoring condition, but their time-based prospective memory performance did not benefit from more external attention because although they expended more external attention, they did so less effectively. In short, compared with field-dependent individuals, field-independent individuals had better time-based prospective memory performance under both time monitoring conditions because they have higher attention effectiveness and adopt more strategies for the processing of time information.
Fire safety study of a perlite concrete chimney and wooden ceilings used in buildings based on experimental tests and CFD analysis
Authors: Drozdzol Krzysztof , Kowalski Mateusz , Kokocinska–Pakiet Elzbieta , Junga Robert , Horak Jiri
Published: February 2024

The operation of fuel-burning heating equipment results in soot build-up in the flues. Its ignition poses a significant fire risk to the building, as the flue temperature can reach 1000°C. Wooden structural elements located near the chimney (ceilings and roof penetrations) are particularly vulnerable. To date, research has focused on the fire safety of wooden ceiling elements. This is where, due to heat radiation from the chimney, wooden elements significantly increase their temperature and become the location of fire initiation in the buildings. The task of chimney designers is to limit the temperatures of heated wooden building components near these structures. The present work analysed a ceramic and concrete chimney with air space with an innovative perlite concrete casing with a dual-function (load-bearing and thermal insulation). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analyses verified by a full-scale experiment were conducted to evaluate the fire safety of wooden building ceilings. The tests showed that a high level of safety characterised the chimney under study. The maximum temperature of the casing when testing the soot fire reached 38°C, and the wooden elements simulating the ceiling reached 28°C - this result is almost four times better than the chimney standard requirement. Furthermore, a developed CFD model exhibited high accuracy compared to the experimental results and can be used for designing this type of chimney and other research and expert work, such as that performed after fires in buildings originating from the chimney.

Practical Application

The article describes CFD analyses and tests of an innovative chimney in a perlite-concrete casing. The described research showed the high safety of such a chimney during soot fires. The results obtained can be used to develop changes in standards to improve the safety of chimneys and design safer and more efficient ones. The author’s chimney model and CFD analysis make it possible to determine the temperatures in the chimney during a soot fire. This CFD model allows you to assess the fire safety of the chimney and the building elements located in its vicinity.
Nurturing the Voice of Scholarship
Authors: Xu Jianzhong
Published: February 2024

Teachers College Record (TCR) has nurtured scholarly voice through an esteemed editorial board, thematic special issues, and support for emerging scholars. The author’s personal journal illustrates this nurturing process, from a formative co-authored TCR article with mentor Lyn Corno, to becoming a TCR reviewer, learning constructive feedback, and developing independent lines of inquiry. TCR’s enduring legacy is exemplified by its unwavering commitment to nurturing scholarly voice across diverse perspectives, establishing itself as a cornerstone in the continual evolution of education scholarship.
School Shootings: Current Status and Recommendations for Research and Practice
Authors:   Division for Emotional and Behavioral Health–CEC
Published: February 2024

The recent increase in school shootings has brought about an urgency to renew efforts to understand and reduce them. In this article, the Division for Emotional and Behavioral Health reviews what is known about school shootings, including data related to incidence and shooter profiles. In addition, we describe responses to shootings, accompanied by data on effectiveness, when available. We conclude with recommendations for practice and a call for increased and rigorous research designed to understand and prevent school shootings.
Energizing dissensus: Socio-technical (counter) imaginaries along the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor
Authors: Mehmood Asif , Cousins Joshua J
Published: February 2024

The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor is a featured project of China’s Belt and Road Initiative that is creating new resource frontiers in Tharparkar, Pakistan. Centered around coal mining and energy production, these new sites of resource extraction and their infrastructures have sparked dissensus throughout the Desert district of Sindh, Pakistan. Our analysis draws on research on socio-technical imaginaries and Rancière’s thoughts on political change and aesthetics. In doing so, we examine how political dissensus is represented though graffiti and works in contrast to the socio-technical imaginaries represented by the state in public signage. The differences, we suggest, represent socio-technical counter imaginaries that form a politics that disrupts the established socio-political order embedded within the political goals of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor. These counter imaginaries have important implications for the creation of just and equitable opportunities for people impacted by the emerging coal extraction and power generation complex. Our ethnographic approach provides a street-level analysis of the politicization of imagined socio-technical futures in the Tharparkar desert and emerging energy resource frontiers.
Accounts of interpersonal touch in female victims of intimate partner violence: A qualitative study
Authors: Debrot Anik , Rochat Shékina , del Río Carral María , Gerber Prisca , Sarrasin Oriane , Brodard Fabrice
Published: February 2024

Crucial for human development and functioning, affectionate touch predicts well-being. However, most research on affectionate touch in romantic relationship is conducted with samples in high quality relationships and relies on quantitative methods. We thus know little to nothing about how touch is experienced in low-quality relationships, namely those characterized by intimate partner violence (IPV). To fill this gap, victims of physical and/or sexual IPV who had received psychological support at one association supporting victims of IPV were invited to participate in the present study. The thematic analysis conducted upon the qualitative data revealed five main themes: (1) the definition of identity by touch, (2) the presence of “undesired” touch, (3) the absence of “desired” touch, (4) the memories and flashbacks triggered by touch, and (5) the self-reconstruction allowed by touch. Analyses are discussed in terms of their link with previous research on affectionate touch and on interpersonal violence. The results suggest that this constitute a meaningful topic of investigation to be further analyzed, as well as a possible therapeutic channel.
A new approach for constructing rough structures to fabricate superhydrophobic Ni–B/graphene oxide (GO) coating
Authors: Shen Xianlong , Zhang Yongjun
Published: February 2024

In this study, AZ91 magnesium alloy was effectively coated with a superhydrophobic Ni–B/graphene oxide (GO) coating via electroless plating and surface modification. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion spectrum, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were employed to describe the development of Ni–B/GO coatings. The results show that the micro–nano rough structures of the superhydrophobic coating were owing to the synergistic action of GO and sodium dodecyl sulphate and their respective effects on the coating. It was also found that the nanoscale GO particle wrapped around the underdeveloped nickel grains. Also, the composition and structure of the typical superhydrophobic coating cross-section revealed the growth of the rough structures. Furthermore, the superhydrophobic coating with a water contact angle of up to 161.6° had an amorphous structure. The micro–nano coating therefore provides a novel viewpoint for preparing superhydrophobic coating on magnesium alloy.
The effect of different annealing temperatures on the mechanical and tribological properties of the Ti2AlN MAX phase films
Authors: Cakir Muhammet , Cicek Hikmet , Duran Semih , Yilmaz Ahmet Melik , Gulten Gokhan , Efeoglu Ihsan
Published: February 2024

Ti2AlN MAX phase films produced at different N2 flow rates and different annealing temperatures were deposited on 52100 steel substrates using the closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique. N2 flow rates were changed to 2, 3.5, and 5 sccm. Due to the increasing N2 flow rate, film thickness decreased from 2 to 1.3 µm. Then the produced films were subjected to annealing at temperatures of 700, 750, and 800°C. After the film produced at a flow rate of 2 sccm was annealed at 750°C, the presence of the Ti2AlN MAX phase was determined. The binding energies of Ti 2p, Al 2p, and N 1s determined in the XPS analysis confirmed the existence of the Ti2AlN film. The friction coefficient measured for Ti2AlN MAX phase films was calculated as 0.53, the hardness value as 22.8 GPa, the elastic modulus as 291.4 GPa, and the wear rate as 2.96 × 10−4 mm3/(N·m).
Indications, contraindications, side effects, general assessment, and outlook for the future: An International Compression Club survey
Authors: Giovanni Mosti , Angrit Namislo , Jean Patrick Benigni , Eduardo Da Matta , Hugo Partsch , Martin Schmitz , Martin Abel
Published: February 2024

Background

The effectiveness of compression therapy (CT) and the best compression modality choice are questioned in many clinical stages of chronic venous disease (CVD). This work aims to obtain information on indications, contraindications, and the best treatment option for CT in different clinical scenarios of CVD.

Method

An online survey was made among members of the International Compression Club, experts in CT.

Results

The experts apply CT in all clinical stages of CVD, even when evidence is missing. Regarding compression materials, experts use inelastic materials in the advanced stages of CVD and compression stockings in the early or chronic stages of CVD.

Conclusion

The authors highlight the gap between experts’ practical use of CT and evidence-based medicine results. They also suggested that, given the cost of randomized clinical trials aimed at specifying specific indications for different devices, artificial intelligence could be used for large-scale practice surveys in the future.
Procedures and measurement properties of the 6-min step test: A systematic review with clinical recommendations
Authors: Boening Augusto , Scianni Aline A , Martins Janayna A , Santuzzi Cintia H , Liberato Fernanda MG , Nascimento Lucas R
Published: February 2024

Objective

To provide information regarding the procedures, safety, tolerability, and measurement properties of the 6-min step test.

Data sources

MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus (from inception until January 2024).

Review methods

Studies that examined adults with acute or chronic diseases, and outcomes related to procedures, safety, tolerability, or measurement properties of the 6-min step test were included. Outcome data were summarized and combined in meta-analyses. The quality of included studies was assessed by the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments checklist, and the quality of evidence was determined according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system.

Results

Fourteen studies, involving 847 participants, were included. All studies performed the 6-min step test in 6 min; however, some studies varied the step height and the use of upper limb support. The test appears to be safe and well tolerated by individuals. Moderate- to high-quality evidence demonstrated appropriate results for test-retest reliability (4 studies; Intraclass correlation coefficient 0.96; 95% CI 0.91–0.98; n = 125), criterion validity (4 studies; r = 0.53; 95% CI 0.30–0.71; n = 307), and construct validity (4 studies; r = 0.63; 95% CI 0.52–0.73; n = 233).

Conclusion

This review provides recommendations for applying the 6-min step test in clinical and research settings. No adverse events were reported, and the test appears to be well tolerated. Adequate results were found for test-retest reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity.

Review Registration

PROSPERO (CRD42022347744).
The State of Mental Health Services for Incarcerated Adults in Ontario: A Scoping Review
Authors: Mohamed Sara
Published: February 2024

Individuals with mental illness are significantly overrepresented in the Canadian justice system. Given the high rate of mental illness among individuals who are incarcerated, correctional facilities must implement accessible and effective mental health resources. This not only improves their health and well-being but also contributes to their rehabilitation efforts. However, evidence suggests that the care provided in prisons is inadequate. This scoping review asks, “What is known about the access and quality of mental health care services for adults who are incarcerated in Ontario?” Mental health care services included non-acute interventions and care that is provided in the institution. This scoping review followed the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews methodology. Databases searched include MedLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Criminal Justice Abstracts, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and the grey literature. The search yielded 354 titles and abstracts of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Conducted from 2010-2022, the 16 studies included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. Common themes that were identified related to segregation, mental health assessments, medication prescribing and access, opioid agonist therapy, psychiatric service access, systemic and institutional barriers, mental health perception, and the need for collaboration. Despite the significant demand for mental health care in Ontario correctional facilities, limitations to quality care are evident. Such limitations intersect and are then exacerbated, resulting in poor mental health care provision among the incarcerated population. More research is warranted regarding the access, quality, and efficiency of mental health care in Ontario prisons, and how factors including ethnicity, gender, and prison classification (provincial vs. federal) may influence mental health care and its outcomes.
Latent profiles of challenge, hindrance, and threat appraisals on time pressure and job complexity: Antecedents and outcomes
Authors: Kunzelmann Arian , Rigotti Thomas , Crane Monique F.
Published: February 2024

This research challenges the a priori classification of time pressure and job complexity as challenge stressors and seeks to illuminate the emergence of different appraisal configurations using a latent profile approach. The sample consisted of 629 employees (66.1% male). Employees who appraised time pressure and job complexity as challenges reported higher job satisfaction and work engagement and felt less emotionally exhausted and mentally stressed compared to those with dominant hindrance/threat appraisals. Employees who report to be more resilient and have autonomy are more likely to fall into a Dominant Challenge Appraisal profile. Those who face high emotional demands are more likely to be in a Dominant Hindrance/Threat Appraisal profile. This research offers a fresh perspective on why it is essential for employers to consider their teams’ perceptions and resources when introducing new tasks or deadlines. By providing employees with adequate resources, organizations can promote a more adaptive approach to work challenges.

JEL Classification: L20, L29, L00
Minimum 10-Year Outcomes of Matrix-Induced Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation in the Knee: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Allen S. , Nagelli Christopher V. , Lamba Abhinav , Saris Daniël B.F. , Krych Aaron J. , Hevesi Mario
Published: February 2024

Background:

Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) is an established cell-based therapy for the treatment of chondral defects of the knee. As long-term outcomes are now being reported in the literature, it is important to systematically review available evidence to better inform clinical practice.

Purpose:

To report (1) subjective patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and (2) the rate of graft failure, reoperation, and progression to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after undergoing MACI of the knee at a minimum 10-year follow-up.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily; Ovid Embase; Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; Ovid Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; and Scopus from 2008 to September 15, 2022, was conducted in the English language. Study eligibility criteria included (1) full-text articles in the English language, (2) patients undergoing a MACI within the knee, (3) clinical outcomes reported, and (4) a minimum 10-year follow-up.

Results:

In total, 168 patients (99 male, 69 female; mean age, 37 years [range, 15-63 years]; mean body mass index, 26.2 [range, 18.6-39.4]) representing 188 treated chondral defects at a minimum 10-year follow-up after MACI were included in this review. Significant and durable long-term improvements were observed across multiple PRO measures. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), when performed, also demonstrated satisfactory defect fill and an intact graft in the majority of patients. The all-cause reoperation rate was 9.0%, with an overall 7.4% rate of progression to TKA at 10 to 17 years of follow-up.

Conclusion:

At a minimum 10-year follow-up, patients undergoing MACI for knee chondral defects demonstrated significant and durable improvements in PROs, satisfactory defect fill on MRI-based assessment, and low rates of reoperation and TKA. These data support the use of MACI as a long-term treatment of focal cartilage defects of the knee.
Nurturing the Seeds of Participation: Unveiling the Foundational Path for Understanding Aging in Place Barriers and Facilitators From the Perspective of Older Adults Using Mixed Methods and Translational Science
Authors: Balog Emily J. , Figueiredo Sabrina , Vause-Earland Tracey , Ragusa Elena , Van der Wees Philip J.
Published: February 2024

Participation in society is a cornerstone for quality of life, active aging, and aging in place. While the majority of older adults prefer aging in place, health and financial challenges can hinder this vision. Conducted in suburban South Jersey, this study utilized mixed methods, including surveys and interviews with older adult participants. Surveys indicated that satisfaction with participation in the community is influenced by functional ability, healthcare service availability, and information access. Interviewees identified suggestions to overcome barriers (e.g., improve access to community and address ageism). Combined results provide a theory of change which suggests older adults’ empowerment in community participation hinges on home living support, participation options aligning with ability and interest, and accessible information on community events. This person-centered planning approach emphasizes the importance of older adult and stakeholder participation in foundational community planning, offering translational foundational tools for evidence-based strategies to engage them in future community action plans (CAPs).
Recycling potential of cobalt metal from end-of-life new energy passenger vehicles in China
Authors: Yang Li , Liangfang Sun , Yanhui Liu , Zuoyi Ye
Published: February 2024

The growing demand for new energy vehicles (NEVs) has resulted in a corresponding increase in demand for cobalt as a critical material. It is crucial to estimate the cobalt resource recycling potential of China’s NEV industry to ensure a balance between the supply and demand for cobalt metal minerals. This article is based on using the historical data of the new energy passenger vehicle (NEPV) sales volume from 2013 to 2022 to estimate the NEPV sales volume from 2023 to 2035. On this basis, the Weibull distribution was used to analyse the different sales scenarios (low sales and high sales) of NEPVs in China, and the recycling potential of cobalt metal in NEPVs was evaluated under three battery life scenarios (8, 10 and 12 years) from 2023 to 2035. Based on the above scenarios, in 2035, the greatest recycling potential of cobalt is predicted to be 166.9 kilotonnes, with economic values of CNY 49.01–94.60 billion. Moreover, the extent to which the recycling potential of cobalt can cover the market demand for NEPVs was analysed. Our analysis concluded that recycling cobalt as a secondary supply has emerged as a necessary solution to supplement the primary supply, which can make a significant contribution to alleviating the pressure of the supply and demand.