bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Needs Based on the Patients’ Performance Status for Palliative Care Team: An Observational Study
Authors: Sakamoto Ryo , Koyama Atsuko
Published: October 2021

Objectives:

The study aim was to determine the association between patient performance status (PS) and the contents of a palliative care team (PCT) intervention. Identifying intervention requirements for differing PS may help to provide appropriate palliative care in under-resourced facilities.

Materials and Methods:

We collected data from medical records of inpatients (n = 496) admitted to PCT services at a centre for palliative care at Kindai University Hospital, Japan, from April 2017 to March 2019. We analysed the content of PCT activities according to each PS using Pearson’s Chi-square test.

Results:

The following PCT activities were provided in full regardless of PS: Gastrointestinal symptoms, depression, medical staff support, food and nutrition support and oral care. The following PCT responses were associated with PS: Pain, respiratory symptoms, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, delirium, decision-making support, family support and rehabilitation. PS3 patients tended to receive those PCT interventions associated with PS, except for anxiety and fatigue. PS4 patients received PCT interventions for respiratory symptoms, delirium and family support. Patients with good PS (0–1) tended to receive PCT interventions for anxiety.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that there were different needs for different PS. The results may allow for efficient interventions even in facilities with limited resources.
The American Attitude Towards Albania During the Peacemaking in 1919
Authors: Vora Rovena
Published: October 2021

The American attitude towards Albania played an important role during the peacemaking at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. The United States, unlike the European nations, entered the conflict without interests or policy toward Albania. Before the entry of the United States into the First World War there had been no American policy towards Albania and it had never been recognized by the United States. It was only after America’s entry into the world struggle that an American attitude toward the Albanian problem began to develop. More concretely, it was in the Inquiry, an organisation which was to begin preparations for the peace settlement, that an American policy towards Albania began to form. Unfortunately, before the Paris Peace Conference the plans of the American experts for a solution to the Albanian problem were similar to the Albanian settlement outlined in the Treaty of London. On the eve of the Peace Conference, the American position became more favourable to Albania. During the negotiations the United States supported the integrity of Albania within its 1913 frontiers and refused to allow this small country to be partitioned further. President Woodrow Wilson and ex-President Roosevelt united in sympathy for the Albanian cause. The Albanians are deeply grateful to them for leading the way in the defense of their just cause. The Albanian problem during the peacemaking brought Albania to the foreground and its name appeared in big headlines on the first page of the American newspapers at that time, helping a large section of the American public to locate Albania.
Anxiety as a Personality Trait and Anxiety State, During Coronavirus Covid-19 Pandemic Outbreak among Adult Population
Authors: Luma Nita Beluli
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 outbreak has warranted a significant influence on our mental health, hence monitoring and following this issue should be a top priority to most of the researchers worldwide. It is essential to protect our mental health and to develop appropriate interventions during this global crisis. Therefore, our study aims to help our population by understanding their emotional, behavioral changes and the overall impact that the fear and insecurity from coronavirus has brought to our lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anxiety as a state vs. anxiety as a personality trait and factor differences amid coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. The survey included 279 respondents, out of which 213 were females and 66 males, age range from 18 to 50 years old. For data collection we have used the ‘snowball’ sampling technique, which is an online software platform, called Survey Planet. To measure the levels of anxiety we have utilized the STAI – state- trait anxiety inventory. To analyze the data we used the SPSS 22.0. Our findings suggest that demographic factors and basic personal data, such as age, marital status, academic level, employment status etc., create the diversity among the population, with the way they experience and how they feel toward this new mental health challenge. With this research we tend to actualize the adult’s mental health and to increase the proper weight on the issue by elevating population awareness and attention toward this problem. The world is facing with a new mental health trend, therefore changes in the mental state of every person are worthy of our attention!
Gender Roles by the Sambal-Bolinao in Their Traditional Herbal Healing in Bolinao, Pangasinan, Northern Philippines
Authors: De Vera Irene A. , Fajardo W T
Published: October 2021

Transmission of ethnobotanical knowledge is needed for cultural preservation and biodiversity conservation. Nowadays, this is seriously threatened by globalization which is evident in tropical areas due to influence of Western culture leading to rapid change in indigenous individual and the community. Several factors were attributed and associated with the use of plants in the indigenous communities which includes biological, ecological and socio-cultural with the inclusion of techniques, practices, religion and age. Moreover, gender influences the ethnobotanical knowledge and the structure of local medical systems. The study aimed to assess the gender roles, sanitation practice, and lifestyle of Sambal-Bolinao in their traditional herbal healing. Specifically, it sought to determine the traditional herbal healers’ profile, gender roles; and sanitation practice and lifestyle. Descriptive research technique was employed in gathering data. All traditional herbal healers in the municipality of Bolinao were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire. A total of 19 managtambal; 11 males and 8 females. The Sambal-Bolinao Roman Catholic believers appreciated the practice of traditional herbal healing. They extended their roles as plant gatherers, keepers of the plant parts gathered, washers of the plant parts prior to treatment, managers of the plant parts wastes and as plant conservationist either through plant propagation and personal campaign on plant conservation. Majority of women traditional herbal healers did not transmit their ethnobotanical knowledge to their children and relatives due to their multiple burden case and perceived economic difficulty for their children. Men traditional herbal healers were the one transmitting their ethnobotanical knowledge to their family members.
Criminal Proceedings Law Improvements for Justice Witnesses in Albania
Authors: Balla Rezana
Published: October 2021

In the framework of the constitutional justice reform of year 2016, “Constitutional reform in Albania of year 2016 determined fundamental amendments by improving justice system.” (Balla, 2017, p. 368), there are undertaken to be improved important justice laws. Therefore, fundamental amendments are made on the Criminal Proceedings Code (CPC) on year 2017. These amendments consisted in general and specially to enable the implementation of government policy, for the establishment of new institutions and the strengthening of existing ones, in the fight against corruption and the consolidation of the justice system. At the same time, the amendments aim to address the most obvious issues and problems encountered in practice. Correspondingly, the constitutional amendments and the adoption of other laws, necessary to implement them, brought the need to unify and harmonize these amendments in the CPC. In particular, the new regulations aim to determine the prosecutor's independence in the criminal proceedings, the establishment of the Special Prosecution Office, the jurisdiction of the High Court and the change in the subject matter jurisdiction of the Court of Corruption and Organized Crime. Through this paper it is addressed the treatment of new standards and institutes that are regulated in the CPC. How do they stand compared to European standards such as the jurisprudence of the ECtHR and international law, as well as the jurisprudence of International Criminal Court (ICC). The paper aims to address issues related to the rights of defendants, the legal position of the victims and especially the treatment of the most favorable legal status of protected witnesses and collaborators of justice.
The Comparision of Classical Ethical Theories in Ancient Greece Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy: The Example of Aristotle and Ibn Miskavayh, Tusi and Kinalizade
Authors: Öztürk Emine
Published: October 2021

In this study, I will make an analysis of the comparision of classical ethical theories in Ancient Greece Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy. The analysis of the comparision of classical ethical theories in Ancient Greece Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy depends on three philosophical and psychological concepts. These concepts are first of all, the thought in other words the ability of thinking, secondly the desire, in other words the ability of desire, as Freud said libido, and thirdly agression the ability of anger. These three abilities in one person reveals one virtue in society, this virtue is the virtue of justice. And this study will tells about how we can reveal the virtue of justice in one society by applying these three abilities and virtues in one person. Because these abilties corresponds three virtues in classical ethics. These three virtues are thinking, chastity and courage. And this study will analyze the thinking, chastity and courage in Ancient Greece Philosophy and Islamic Philosophy.
The Effect Organizational Culture and Total Quality Management Practices in Secondary School Performance of Abu Dhabi
Authors: Alhosani Khaled Sultan , Yaakub Kamarul Bahari Bin
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of organizational culture and total quality management practices on secondary school performance in Abu Dhabi. Quantitative research design was adopted to obtain information from respondents. A total of 320 teachers were selected as a sample through the stratified random sampling method. Data analysis using structural equation modelling was used to determine the relationship between total quality management and secondary school performance.
Centering Romanian Healthcare System in Patient – Requirement of a European Health System
Authors: Erimia Cristina-Luiza , Laura Alexandra Mureseanu
Published: October 2021

Currently, in Europe there is a close collaboration between the World Health Organization, the European Union and the Council of Europe with the declared aim to support the implementation of coordinated strategies for the implementation of patient rights, the concerns in this field intensifying, mainly, with the development of Amsterdam Declaration on the Promotion of Patients' Rights in Europe, adopted in 1994. To create a modern healthcare system, there is need for it to be cantered on patients’ needs, to have dynamic and integrated structures, adaptable to the different and ever changing health needs of the society in general and of individuals in particular and which, not least, has to recognize the role of the patient as an active partner in health policies. In this context, this article examines the national legal framework governing the rights, duties, responsibilities and penalties applied in the field of patient rights. This article aims to analyse how patients’ rights in the European Union area are implemented and enforced in the national legislation and the role that patients play in the Romanian health system.
Financial and Fiscal Reporting, the Effect on the Financial Statements: The Case of Vlora
Authors: Zenuni Brisejda Ramaj
Published: October 2021

Understanding and analyzing accounting and fiscal reporting practices is by no means simple, as they are characterized by complexity and ongoing dynamics. The relationship between accounting and fiscal reporting and the correlation that exists between them is one of the most debated and analyzed phenomena worldwide. It is an early relationship that has evolved over time and has often been accompanied by discussions about its convergence and divergence. The fiscal system has also undergone numerous changes, which has given its impact on the reporting of economic entities. These changes are an integral part of the process of reforming the fiscal system, which has faced many challenges, which definitely require high efficiency and effectiveness, led by the aspiration to be as close as possible to European standards. Often these changes in the fiscal system have not provided scope or do not converge with the accounting rules, which have served as the beginning of the creation of dual models of accounting and fiscal reporting. In this paper, both primary and secondary data were used. Primary research was based on quantitative research through the distribution of questionnaires and qualitative research through interviews with financial experts of entities and tax administration officials. On the other hand, economic development and the intention to be part of European countries, has brought the need for global integration of the capital market. Global investors are interested in cross-border financial reporting, making it a necessity to implement International Accounting Standards and adapt them to the spaces created by our country. The information needs of global investors have forced accounting professionals and institutes to work for harmonization. The result of the work is the construction and testing of an important conceptual model that dictates the potential factors of creating differences in reporting, as a result of dual reporting models. Therefore, there has long been a need for companies around the world to communicate using a common accounting language. Country-specific principles are so diverse that the aspiration for an integrated global capital market can only be fulfilled through a uniform financial reporting code.
Social Downgrading on Consumer Values and Practices: A Transgenerational Perspective
Authors: Maria Mercanti-Guérin
Published: October 2021

The aim of this research is to measure the influence of social downgrading on consumer values and practices. Intergenerational mobility is defined as a process leading to a change in social status from parents to children. The first part of this paper presents social mobility and emphasises its multi-dimensional character. In particular, we detail the different types of objective and subjective mobility. In the second part, we analyse the symbolic and psychological aspects of the acceptance or rejection of social downgrading. We present the results of an exploratory study based on the life stories of a dozen families. It appears that some downgraded individuals do not accept to give up the lifestyle inherited from their childhood and perceive it as an intimate part of their identity. Others, on the contrary, rebuild new identities and modes of consumption based on a "reappropriation of their declassification". This study provides a better understanding of social downgrading by presenting it as a complex process combining the incorporation of a new social status, transgenerational capital and new forms of consumer resistance.
Impact of Strategy and Environmental Predictability on Financial Performance in Non-Governmental Organizations
Authors: Metin Hasan
Published: October 2021

This study tries to understand the relationship among financial performance, environmental predictability and having strategy in the third (NGO) sector. The independent variable of the study is financial performance which is conceptualized as achieving the financial objectives which have been previously established. Environmental predictability is a sub-dimension of organizational environment that explains stability of the environment. Having strategy on the other hand is related with having mission and vision statements that are explicitly and clearly defined. The results of regression analysis indicate that, environmental predictability and having a clearly defined strategy have positive effects on financial performance in Non-Governmental Organizations.
Teaching English Through Games
Authors: Bendo Ana , Erbas İsa
Published: October 2021

This paper aims to analyze the utilization of didactic games in ESL classes while teaching and managing the classroom, as well as strategies and tools for the game between the teacher and the students. Utilizing games in ESL course can fulfill the essential aim of teaching, which is to make students active participants in the learning process and keep them motivated. This paper focuses on analyzing the utilization of games while teaching English with the aim of actively engaging students in the learning process. This study relies on both research methods, the qualitative and quantitative one. There were interviews held with 2 English teachers and a questionnaire completed by the 144 participants. This survey was conducted in one of the high schools, in Tirana. The findings of this study bring out whether the teacher and students like or not game usage during their English classes.
The Issue of Disadvantaged Situation and Pandemic
Authors: Perge Anna , Mariann Somosi Veresné
Published: October 2021

In the examination of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention should be paid to the lagging areas. In the case of the settlements where we should reckon with social and economic backwardness and/or unemployment exceeding the national average, even the smallest change can move the life chances of people living there to a significantly negative direction. We would like to support the theory that the pandemic has resulted in further adverse consequences in disadvantaged settlements besides the existing economic and life quality disadvantages by research performed in Hungary. Besides the infrastructural deficiencies of the families’ homes, it is also important to examine the infrastructural elements in terms of the settlements and health care, since health care, including human resources, is a cardinal issue in connection with the efforts to curb the pandemic. Besides these, we should reckon with the changes in the level of unemployment, the possible long-lasting incapacity for work. In the light of the research, it can be defined which professionals’ presence and competencies are essential in disadvantaged settlements to prevent the further growth of disadvantages.
The Value of Exercise Systolic Blood Pressure as an Indicator for Coronary Artery Disease in Normotensive Men
Authors: Temali Indrit , Kamberi Ahmet
Published: October 2021

Aim: We investigated if rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads during exercise can independently predict coronary artery disease.

Methods: 78 normotensive men with normal blood pressure who had exercise ECG stress test and a coronary angiography within 30 days were enrolled in the study. Basic features of all the patients were also compared. The rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads at the first stage, peak exercise, second, fourth and sixth minute of recovery were compared in normotensive men with both normal and abnormal coronary arteries.

Statistical analysis: t test and stepwise regression was used.

Results: The rates of systolic blood pressure to workloads were statistically importantly higher in men with normal blood pressure which had coronary artery disease compared to those with normal coronary arteries and normal blood pressure.

Conclusions: In men with normal blood pressure high levels of systolic blood pressure to workload rates at the first stage to the end of exercise test can independently predict the presence of coronary artery disease, even in non-conclusive stress tests or when ECG doesn’t show any change during exercise.
Private Equity Funds/Venture Capital – A New Role and Opportunity in the Albanian Economy and Financial Market
Authors: Meka Elvin
Published: October 2021

The prolonged stagnation bank credit expansion, following the outbreak of recent economic and financial crises of 2008, and now the complex situation during the pandemic, has produced a significant impact on the availability of new and long-term sources of business financing, mainly related to mid and large-size companies, but also to start-ups. Currently, all such categories of businesses find difficulties in obtaining long-term financing from banks and this has major implications on financing their investments and projects in the pipeline. In a time when, paradoxically, bank credit is becoming increasingly complex and difficult and therefore, to score a significant influence on the economy and investment financing, and regardless of the existing liquidity abundance, establishing and developing Private Equity/Venture Capital Funds (PE/VC) can play an important contribution in this regard. Despite the fact that such type of institutional investor is currently lacking within the Albanian capital market, some basic legal, institutional and economic premises do exist within the Albanian financial landscape, and which could provide grounds for such an actor to play its role in providing an alternative source of long - term financing for Albanian businesses. Consequently, their existence could pave the way for revitalization of the idea and attempts to put into operation a functioning capital market in Albania, which is still rudimentary and non-active, and furthermore, helping in ensuring a sustainable long-term economic growth.
Issues of Measurability on the Transparency of the Administrative Procedure Among Clients
Authors: Hohmann Balázs
Published: October 2021

The requirement for the transparency of the administrative procedure and the expectations for this arise step by step during the relevant legislation of European countries. However, the concept of this often used adjective remains vague in many cases, making it difficult to put it into practice. However, the requirement is of great importance for modern public administration systems in the 21st century: transparency has been proven to play a major role in building and maintaining citizens' trust in public administration and public bodies. Therefore, in addition to the objective meaning of transparency, which can be explored from legislation and the relevant legislative document, it is important to use empirical methods to explore the perceptions of transparency in clients. Transparency of the administrative procedure is in many respects a subjective concept. After all, in addition to the legislation on the administrative procedure and the consistent application process, as well as their communication, it depends to a large extent on the perceptions, knowledge, information and experience of the main stakeholders, usually natural persons clients. The presentation and the related study aim to explore this sense of transparency with empirical methods and seek to make practical findings that are independent of national specificities.
Short-Term Impact of the EU-Japan EPA: The Case of Wine Exports from France, Italy, and Spain to Japan
Authors: Porto Massimiliano
Published: October 2021

In February 2019, the Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and Japan was enforced, liberalising most of the bilateral trade. For example, Japan eliminated the duties on European products such as chemicals, textiles, clothing and wine immediately upon entry into force of the agreement. In this study, we attempt to quantify the short-term effect of the EPA on European wine exports to Japan. We fit a seasonal auto regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model to the monthly exports of wine from France, Italy, and Spain to Japan up to the month prior to the activation of the EU – Japan EPA. Subsequently, we use the estimated models to forecast twelve months ahead starting from February 2019, i.e., from the first month of implementation of the EU – Japan EPA. Finally, we compare the forecasts with the observed values for the same period. The results show that our forecasts do not outperform the observed values. Consequently, we conclude that the positive difference between the observed values and the forecast is due to the effect of the agreement.
Countermovement Jump with the Help of Wings in 16-Year-Old Volleyball Players
Authors: Pogoni Junida , Pogoni Artan
Published: October 2021

Vertical jump is combined with the assessment of the strength and strength of the muscles of the lower extremities that are fundamental components of the volleyball game's work.The Countermovement Jump with arm (CMJA) test as a specific specifically for the assessment of the offensive force of volleyball players.Methods: Female (F) - Males (M) average volleyball players were tested in CMJA at the GFRP; Force(F max), Power(P max) and gravity shift relationship Jump Height(JH). Anthropometric measurements of volleyball players were also developed; Body Height (BH cm), Body Mass (BMI% kg/m²), Body Weight (BW kg). Results: The differences between the two groups found in the study resulted in significant differences in BH cm (F-172, M-187.3), BW kg (F- 62.2, M -79.3), BMI kg / m² (F-21.1, M -22.6), Jump place in JP cm (F-266, M-310), Jump Attack in JA cm (F-274, M-321). But even the data captured by the Leonardo platform in the CMJA test gives us a noticeable difference between the two groups; (F-6.4,M-4.5), P max (F-3.08, M-4.78) and diff P max Left - Right(F-2.59,M-0.56),V max m/%(F-5.2,M-4.4). Conclusion: The results obtained suggest changes to the performance of volleyball players in "vertical jump" in the parameters of force, speed, and power. These indicators are valid for any trainer or volleyball player to implement a detailed and specific training program for the further development of the physical qualities of volleyball players, especially vertical tipping in gaining the lower extremity muscular power.
Improving Employee Well-Being by Means of Virtual Reality – REALEX: An Empirical Case Study
Authors: J. Pretsch , E Pretsch , J Saretzki
Published: October 2021

The present paper seeks to analyse how a virtual reality system can foster employee well-being at the workplace. In order to answer the research problem, whether such a system can benefit employees in regards to their well-being, stress perception and relaxation, an empirical case study was conducted. Relevant literature both on the advantages of virtual reality systems in general and on different approaches to fostering employee well-being are displayed and discussed within the paper, leading up to a description of the methodology. Based on a sample of 52 participants from Germany, Austria and Croatia an empirical study with a quantitative, pre- and post-study approach was conducted. Participants were assessed in regards to their initial stress perception, before they used either the REALEX system (a VR based relaxation tool displaying natural landscapes in a virtual reality setting) or a video streaming service on a classical display. The statistical analyses revealed that the usage of the REALEX system was able to significantly improve participants’ stress perception and well-being. In doing so it – also significantly – exceeded the positive effect that the control setting (video streaming) had in these regards. Potential limitations of the study are presented and recommendations both for practical work in the field of human resource management and for scientific research are deducted.
Students’ Impressions of Online Learning in Albania
Authors: Quka Najada
Published: October 2021

The consequences of epidemic Covid-19 forced the education sector around the world to face online learning among these two last years. Many countries in the world had to face this new and very difficult challenge. Unfortunately, the education system of Albania was one of those that had to overcome the difficulties and continue the academic year for all its levels. The main purpose of our study was to analyze the impression of Sports University of Tirana’s students about some aspects of online learning. In this study, we used a closed questionnaire, distributed through the Microsoft Teams application and the descriptive analysis to interpret the collected data.Participants in this study belong to the”Sports University of Tirana”, Professional Master in Pre-University Education Teacher. Results were collected by 218 students (N = 218) of which 61% of them were male and 39% female. According to the age of the student, there was a frequency of 29% of 21-22 years old, 50% of 23-24 years old, and 21% of over 25 years old. The results showed that only 18% of participants disagreed with online learning reinforcing the absence of practices. Unfortunately, these absences rose in them insecurity to fulfill their future mission as Physical Education Teacher. In conclusion, student’s impressions about online learning showed the irreplaceable importance of practical classes for them. Despite the aggravated situation created by Covid-19, online learning for all universities with specific curricula due to practical classes should be combined with auditor classes to improve academic performance.
Challenges of Kosovo Micro Businesses
Authors: Krasniqi Fehmi , Terziu Hysni
Published: October 2021

The challenges that micro-businesses face during the lending process are numerous. Loans are with high-interest rates. There is a lack of loans with low-interest rates that would stimulate the growth of local businesses. On the one hand, the local business faces various trade barriers such as export in the regional market and EU countries, although Kosovo is a signatory to the CEFTA agreement. On the other hand, there is a lack of institutional support, which not only does not support the stimulation of exports but also within Kosovo makes the local business non-competitive about importers of goods. Interest rates are reduced to 2-3% on an annual basis. Increase the repayment period of loans (long-term loans) for capital investments. Allow the grace period at the beginning of the investment as well as have variable payments based on business income. Reduce bureaucracies when taking loans, reduce the demand for collateral by banks when taking loans. Reduce the business tax rate. Reduce unloyal competition and the informal economy that hurts local business. To stimulate start-up businesses, to support projects especially in the field of informatics. Start-up businesses are not so much supported by banks in Kosovo. Increase women's participation in business, through support, because they make up about 13% of businesses operating in Kosovo. It is intended that the participation of women in business will reach 50%. Make greater support of micro-businesses because these businesses can grow and develop and employ a large number of employees. Microbusinesses in Kosovo make up about 98% of enterprises in Kosovo. Establish a development bank that would support local business and create better facilities and conditions for foreign investors.
Cultural Balkanism: Ivo Andric and Niko Kazanzakis Vis-À-Vis with Kadare
Authors: Lamcja Dhurata
Published: October 2021

The analysis of the works of Balkan writers such as Ivo Andric, Niko Kazantzakis, and Ismail Kadare takes on a special significance in terms of assessing cultural Balkanism and its implications. The purpose of this paper is to understand if there is a common theme or shared elements in the literature and the three abovementioned writers of the Balkan countries. The review is based on the qualitative approach of the study, combining analytical method, which is used to collect data from the works of three authors from three different countries of the Balkan Peninsula to better understand the common social, cultural, and literary elements and motives of their work, followed by the comparative method, which is used to further analyze the topic and find counteracts regarding the hypothesis of the existence of the concept of Balkanism in the literature of the different countries of the Penninsula. Each of the authors has created his own reality. The redemption and construction of the ruins are associated with the traditional sacrifice of immurement. The work of Kazantzakis and Andric conveys the fundamental state of pessimism or skepticism towards the new history of mankind. The three authors, share elements in their work, which appears not only as similar literary motifs between them, but also between the Balkan culture from which the authors come from, reflected in modern literature. There is a relationship and interaction between the culture, folklore and mythology of the various countries of the peninsula, thus giving support to the idea of the development of Balkanism.
The Social and Environmental effects of foreign Investment in Kosovo
Authors: Bajraktari Halim , Hoxha Rifat , Kokaj Agon
Published: October 2021

The effects of different foreign companies that are expected to invest in Kosovo is a significant aspect of its effect in the environment. Pollution is an important factor that has become a major problem today. The geo-physical status of the country, situated in the central Balkans region, happens to be a corridor of economic change and prosperity. That prosperous positive upcoming change may be halted due to the continuous disruption of toxic and poisonous fumes being released into the atmosphere. Institutions are expected to undergo a real-time monitoring technique that will be able to allow certain factories to set up their headquarters and allow for production in law abiding rules and in full relation to the health environmental issue.
Tayler Rule for a Highly Dollarized Country the Case for Albania
Authors: Zefi Altin
Published: October 2021

Targeting nominal interest rate as a policy rule to achieve the primary purpose of stable prices has become a standard monetary policy for Central Banks. Albania switched in 2008 from targeting money supply, M3, to targeting nominal interest rate. Taylor Rule, as defined by John Taylor in his 1992 paper, has become widely used as a means to establish the policy interest rate for Central Banks. This paper implies a conceptual framework where policy rules are a means to a more effective monetary policy. The Taylor Rule has influenced the decision of policymakers on interest rate. Taylor presented his findings at the Carnegie-Rochester Conference on Public Policy in November 1992 and can be stated as a mathematical identity: r = p + .5y + .5(p - 2) +2. But can we use this rule universally? What about countries that are dollarized where the interest rate of loans paid in foreign currency depends on the interest rate of other countries? We expect to find that the standard Taylor Rule is not adequate and the domestic country, that is highly dollarized, should adopt an improved version that incorporates the expected interest rate, expected inflation and growth of the foreign country (ies) whose currency is present at large in the domestic economy.We propose a coefficient that puts downward pressure on the domestic nominal interest rate target when the foreign country’s (the country that has “dollarized” the domestic economy) lowers its nominal interest rate target. And when the nominal interest rate differential between tn and tn-1 -0 than this coefficient will have a upwards pressure.Thus we propose an adjusted Taylor Rule for foreign country interest rate and exchange rate to take the following form:iht = γq i*t + γπEtπht+1 + γyyht + γstqt + uhmt
The Right to free and fair elections: an analysis of the approach of the American Law Doctrine on ballot secrecy
Authors: Guven Ada
Published: October 2021

This article offers a description of the concept free and fair election being the most fundamental principle defining credible elections is that they must reflect the free expression of the will of the people. Human rights treaties and international law doctrine have established that in order to hold democratic elections, states should assure their transparency, accountability and most of all must be inclusive by giving any citizen the equal opportunities to participate and be elected in the elections. These broad principles are strengthened by several electoral process-related responsibilities, as well as several key rights and freedoms, each of which derive from public international law. The paper aim in the second part to analyse the article of the US constitution that provide for the criteria of free and fair elections and more specifically the principle of ballot secrecy. Furthermore, the article will analyse the caselaw of the Supreme Court of US regarding the right to vote and elections and the interpretation of this Court in the application of the legislation.
Impact of Middle Term Points in Total Score in the Context of Face to Face and Online Teaching
Authors: Xhomara Nazmi , Hala Majlinda
Published: October 2021

The study aimed to investigate the differences between face-to-face and online teaching, as well as the effect of middle term points in total score in the context of face-to-face and online teaching. Correlational research design and a database of students’ attendance and results to get secondary data were used in the study. A random cluster sample of students from the bachelor's degree program was taken. The study demonstrated that there is a mean difference in the population or, equivalently, that the two-sample means were drawn from different populations of online vs face-to-face teaching. The study showed a high positive correlation between middle term points and total score variables, r = .846 for the experimental group and r = .731 for the control group, where increases in middle term points were associated with increases in total score values. It can also be concluded that the total variance of total score levels explained by middle term points (the model) is 53.4%, the other variance may be explained by other variables; meanwhile, Beta Standardized coefficient of middle term points explains 84.6% of the variance in the total score of their academic performance for the experimental group and 73.1% for the control group. This indicates that middle term points influence strongly the total score of students' academic performance.
Albanian Technical Terminologies as a Special Vocabulary and Its Challenges in the XXI Century
Authors: Pllana Gani , Pllana Sadete
Published: October 2021

In the conditions of the rapid development of technics and technology in recent years, the cooperation of the scientific-technical language with the standard Albanian language is continuing with a higher intensity than before. We notice a vigor of enrichment in the vocabulary of technical terminology, due to the creation and formation of new fields and subfields of technics, technology, also computing, mechatronics, telemetry, a multitude of concepts many of which, on one hand, are marked with names of the languages they come from, mainly from English, but on the other hand, they meet their needs with the lexical mother tongue composition (by common words being raised to terms) and with the activation of other layers, such as word-combination (word-group) terms. In this paper, in a more pronounced way, we are exploring with priority the formation process of terms from common words in technical terminologies. The influence of the scientific-technical language on the general one will be further strengthened in future, because science and its language are beginning to play an increasingly more important role on the development of culture in general.
Risk Behavior Versus Self-Care in Adolescents
Authors: Petriková Františka , Lichner Vladimír , Eva Žiaková
Published: October 2021

The presented paper is focuses on the issue of self-care as a possible predictor of risky behavior in the target population of of adolescents. The first part of the paper is focused on the theoretical basis of risky behavior and then on the basis of self-care. Within risk behavior, the paper discusses the charakteristics of this concept, the factors influencing the risk behavior of adolescents and also the basic forms of risk behavior in the target group. Within self-care, the paper focuses on defining the basis characteristics of the concept and subsequently on the self-care factors proposed for adolescents and on the self-care as a preventive factor. The second part of the paper focuses on the results of research in the researched issues. The research is focused on demonstrating the differences and relationships between the examined variables.
Leisure and Tourism in the Health Concept of Women and Their Health Misconceptions
Authors: Lipták Zoé Mónika , Tarkó Klára
Published: October 2021

The pursuit of good health continues to be a popular pursuit in the 21st century, however not everyone understands it in the holistic sense which encompasses physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, social, and societal dimensions. Further, many do not understand how these dimensions influence their health, which leads to misconceptions and making faulty choices in healthy lifestyle practices. Leisure is strongly correlated to health and leisure activities which have been shown to have both direct and indirect effects on one’s health. Research also indicates gender inequalities in leisure disadvantage women disproportionately. This paper first summarizes the understandings of misconceptions, health, leisure, tourism, and their intersections, then introduces a small sample pilot study on the health concepts and misconceptions of female university students in Hungary.
Cybersecurity Awareness in Albania
Authors: Moci Elvana
Published: October 2021

The risk of a cyber-attack exist for every business. When a Manager of C level is in front of a cyber-attack or data breach, they begin to worry more about their vulnerabilities in the technology they use rather then about their employees. Creating a risk-aware culture in their workplace is the best way for managers of any level to fight this threat. Cyber security awareness is the way how to start this culture at work. The goal of this study is to measure the cyber security awareness of professionals in businesses in Albania, i.e. to verify specialists or managers have knowledge and understanding of basic cyber security threats. The survey consisted of 16 single and multiple-choice questions divided into three parts. The results categorized the respondents and measured the level of cyber security awareness. The results show an unsatisfactory level of knowledge regarding information security in Albania. The main conclusion drawn from the survey is that the quality of cyber security training among professionals should be improved and frequency of the trainings should be increased. With the pandemic situation caused from the Covid- 19 virus , many worker are working from home. This increase the chances that cyberattack. This is why cybersecurity awareness and training it is needed for the companies to avoid as much as possible the risk of cyberattack.
The Relationship between the Age of Menarche and Premarital Sexual Behaviors of Adolescence and Young Adults in Indonesia: Analysis on Survey Data of Indonesian Adolescencets’ Reproductive Health in 2012
Authors: Nuraliah Nuraliah
Published: October 2021

One crucial period of woman’s development period is when the age of puberty is begun, indicated by menarche. The age of menarche might be related to a certain sexual that one having earlier menarche is potential to do premarital sexual behaviors. The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between the age of menarche and premarital sexual behaviors. This research is quantitative research employing secondary data: The Survey of Indonesian Adolescents’ Reproductive Health (SKRRI, Survey Kesehatan Reproduksi Remaja Indonesia) in 2012. The data design hired was the cross sectional survey. Women at the age of 15-24 years-old were chosen as the research population. There were 7,367 samples involved, taken from both urban and rural areas. The dependent variable of this research was the premarital sexual behaviors categorized into non risky behaviors (holding hands) and risky behaviors (kissing, petting, and having sexual intercourse); while the independent variable was the age of menarche. The external variables of this research consisted of age, education, and domicile. This researcher used the univariable analysis, bivariable analysis utilizing the chi-square, and multivariable analysis applying the logistic regression with the confidence level of 95 percent and value of p = 0.005. The results show that the average age of menarche is thirteen years-old and premarital sexual behaviors are mostly performed by urban women. Based on the results of relationship test, the age of menarche does not have any significant relationship with premarital sexual behaviors. However, there is a significant relationship between premarital sexual behavior with the age and domicile.
Foreign Language Learning Process at an Early Age and Its Impact on the Native Language Education
Authors: Husaj Shqipe
Published: October 2021

Perhaps the most complex question risen among linguists, psychologists and philosophers is how a child learns foreign language? Considering that language learning is natural and that babies are born with the ability to learn it since learning begins at birth, still Language learning (be it native or foreign) is a process that is not simple and short. It takes time, patience and self-discipline. Independent from some internal and external factors that are found inside and outside of every learner and which differ from each and every person this process has its pros and cons. A foreign (English) language learning at an early age has evolved considering modern technologies and methodologies used by individual learners and teachers. The earlier the language is learnt the more fluent the speaker is, but what happens to the mother tongue? Is the child well understood by the community, school teachers and friends? What is the progress of that child at school, what are psychological effects of technology used in the process of learning a language, what is the best age to learn a foreign language? , etc. These and many other questions will be discussed in this paper. The findings of this paper are assumed to also identify teachers’ perceptions about the main challenges they face during the classroom management with foreign language speakers in the classroom, the strategies they use, parents’ attitude toward this and also to find out some steps that parents and native language teachers should take to improve the situation.