bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Menstrüel Döngünün Yiyecek Seçimleri Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: Özcan Araç Fatma Özsel
Published: June 2023

Menstrual siklus, kadınları birçok farklı yönden etkileyen ve günlük yaşamlarını olumsuz etkileyebilen bir döngüdür. Menstruasyon ağrıları ve hormonal değişiklikler bu etkiyi ortaya çıkarır. Östrojen, progesteron, luteinizan ve folikül hormonları arasındaki etkileşimler bu döngünün düzenlenmesinde önemli bir rol oynar. Östrojen hormonunun etkisi özellikle belirgindir ve farklı siklus evrelerinde değişen seviyelerde salgılanır. Bu hormon, beyin kimyasında ve sinir sisteminde değişikliklere yol açarak duygusal durum ve davranışlarda dalgalanmalara neden olabilir. Özellikle premenstrüel sendrom yaşayan kadınlar, menstrüasyon öncesi dönemde depresif ruh hali, irritabilite, anksiyete ve yiyecek istekleri gibi semptomlar yaşayabilirler. Beslenme tercihleri, hormonal değişiklikler ve duygusal durumlarla ilişkilidir. Araştırmalar, menstrüasyon öncesi dönemde kadınların özellikle tatlı, yağlı veya karbonhidrat içeren yiyeceklere yönelik isteklerinin arttığını göstermektedir. Bu isteklerin, serotonin hormonu seviyeleriyle ilişkili olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Ayrıca, menstrüasyon döneminde demir kaybı yaşanması nedeniyle demir açısından zengin besinlere olan ihtiyaç artabilir. Kadınlar genellikle menstrüasyon döneminde daha fazla kırmızı et, yeşil yapraklı sebzeler ve demir takviyeleri gibi demir içeren gıdalar tüketmeye yönelebilirler. Ancak, bu konuda daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekmektedir. Menstrual siklusun beslenme tercihleri üzerindeki etkilerini tam olarak anlamak için daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.
Benign Prostat Hiperplazisi Tedavisinde Kullanılan Güncel Lazer Tedavileri
Authors: Bürlukkara Salih , Çevrin Muhammed Cemre
Published: June 2023

Bening prostat hiperplazisi (BPH), prostatın transizyonel zondaki düz kas ve epitel hücrelerinin proliferasyonu ile karekterize bir histopatolojik tanıdır. Lazerler BPH’ ın tedavisinde temel olarak vaporizasyon (buharlaştırma), rezeksiyon ve enükleasyon olmak üzere üç prensiple kullanılmaktadır. Avrupa Üroloji Derneği son kılavuzlarda transüretral rezeksiyona (TUR-P) veya açık prostatektomiye alternatif olarak lazer enükleasyon önermektedir. Çeşitli çalışmalar lazer tedavisinin hemoglobin düşüşü, komplikasyonlar, hospitilizasyon ve revizyon oranı, semptomların hafifletmede yaşam kalitesini artırmada transüretral rezeksiyon ve açık prostatektomiye eş değer olduğunu göstermiştir. Alternatif bir yöntem olan lazer yöntemleriyle büyük prostat dokularının bile transüretral yaklaşımla minimal invaziv olarak tedavi edilebildiği, morbiditeyi azalttığı hastane yatış ve kateterizasyon sürelerini kısalttığı, kan kaybının ve kan transfüzyon ihtiyacını azalttığı belirtilse de uzun dönem vaka takip serilerinin kısıtlı olması nedeni ile TUR-P’ nin yerini henüz alamadığını fakat bunun için güçlü bir aday olduğu ön görülebilir.
İletişim Bilimlerinde Son Yaklaşımlar
Authors: Öze Nuran , Yurdbekler Hasan , Armutlu İsnur İnci , Kaptan Merve , Yön Belma , Biçer Ahmet , Koçer Mustafa , Vona Kurt Esra , Gezgin Ulaş Başar , Koç Çilem Tuğba , Başbuğ Bengü , Altıntaş Derya , Kurtuldu Hüseyin Sabri , Akyıldız Yavuz , Çetin Öztürk Özlem
Published: June 2023

Bu kitapta ‘İletişim Bilimlerinde Son Yaklaşımlar’ başlığı altında karşınızdayız. İlk bölümde, iletişim araştırmalarının sosyolojik kökenleri ortaya çıkarılıyor. İkinci bölüm kuramsal bir çalışma: Tocqueville, Putnam ve Bourdieu’nün düşünceleri irdeleniyor. Üçüncü bölüm, oldukça yeni bir konu olan sanatsal yapay zekaya odaklanıyor. Dördüncü bölüm, Türkiye’nin podcast panoramasını ortaya çıkarıyor. Beşinci bölümde, sinemalara yönelip marka yerleştirmelere odaklanıyoruz. Altıncı bölümde, pazarlamada mitoloji konu ediliyor. Yedinci bölüm, kapsamlı bir sinema çözümlemesine ayrıldı. Sekizinci bölümde haktivizm konusu işleniyor. Dokuzuncu bölümle birlikte İngilizce çalışmalara geçiyoruz. Bu bölümde, Coca-Cola örnek olayı inceleniyor. 10. bölümün konusu organik marketler. 11. bölüm, gözetim toplumu ve 12. bölüm büyük veri konularını ele alıyor.
Değerli Okurlar,
Umarım bu çok emek sarf edilmiş çalışmaları beğenirsiniz. “Devamı gelecek” diyerek sözümüze son veriyoruz.
Prof. Dr. Ulaş Başar Gezgin
Medya, Habercilik Alanı ve Sosyal Sermaye İlişkisi: Tocqueville, Putnam ve Bourdieu Bağlamında Kuramsal Bir İnceleme
Authors: Biçer Ahmet , Koçer Mustafa
Published: June 2023

Medya ve habercilik alanı sosyolojik açıdan diğer toplumsal yapı ve aktörlerle dinamik bir ilişki içindedir. Bu ilişkinin makro ya da mikro düzlemlerde sosyal sermaye yaklaşımı perspektifiyle ele alınması mümkündür. Sosyal sermayenin, aktörlerin iletişim ağlarına gömülü potansiyel kaynaklar olarak bireysel ya da güven düzeyi gibi toplumu bir arada tutan bir harç olarak toplumsal yorumları bulunmaktadır. Hangi bakış açısıyla ele alınırsa alınsın, sosyal sermaye yaklaşımının iletişim, medya ve habercilik alanlarıyla doğrudan ve karşılıklı bir ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Önemli kuramcılar bahsedilen ilişkileri incelemektedir. Çalışmada, konuyla ilgili kuramcılardan Tocqueville, Putnam ve Bourdieu’nun değerlendirmeleri ekseninde medya ve habercilik alanı ile sosyal sermaye yaklaşımı arasındaki bağlantı noktalarının ortaya çıkartılması amaçlanmıştır. İlk olarak Tocqueville’in Amerika’da Demokrasi eserinde sivil toplum ve basın ilişkisi üzerine yaptığı değerlendirmeler bağlamında konu ele alınmıştır. Ardından Robert Putnam’ın iletişim kuramcısı George Gerbner’in de çalışmaları doğrultusunda özellikle televizyon izleyiciliği ve sosyal sermayeye etkileri bağlamında ortaya koyduğu perspektif incelenmiştir. Üçüncü olarak Pierre Bourdieu’nın ‘gazetecilik ve medya alanı’ düşüncesi ile kendine has sermaye yaklaşımı arasındaki bağlantılar üzerinden konuyla ilgili bir ilişkilendirme yapılmıştır. Üç kuramcının görüşleri çerçevesinde şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: 1) Medya toplumdaki sivil ve siyasal bileşenlerin diyalog kurmasını sağlayarak sosyal sermayeye katkı sağlayabilir. 2) Medya ve gazetecilik üretim pratikleri insanların algılamaları üzerindeki belirleyiciliği ölçüsünde sosyal sermayeyi etkilemektedir. 3) Medya izleyiciliğinin en önemli boş zaman etkinliklerinden biri olması, sivil ve siyasal katılımda değişme neden olmaktadır. 4) Medya alanında çalışan aktörler/failler, alandaki üretici faaliyetlerinde sahip oldukları sosyal sermayeden faydalanmaktadır. 5) Gazeteci aktörler/failler kendi toplumsallıkları içinde sosyal sermayeyi algılamakta ve gazetecilik algı ve pratikleri buna göre şekillenmektedir.
Elektronik Sivil İtaatsizlik Bağlamında Hacktivizmin Meşruluğu Üzerine
Authors: Çetin Öztürk Özlem
Published: June 2023

Dijital araçların politikayı etkileme ve protestonun araçları olarak kullanılmasıyla birlikte kolektif eylemler için aktivistlerin eylem repertuarı dönüşmeye başlamıştır. Hack de aktivistlerin kullandığı eylem türlerinden biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Politik bir motivasyonla hacki aktivist bir taktik olarak kullanmaya dayanan eylem biçimleri hacktivizm olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Ancak hack fiilinin yasal sınırları aşması nedeniyle hacktivzmin meşruluğunun ne olduğu ve hangi bağlamlarda kabul edilebilir bir aktivizm olarak kavranabileceği tartışmalıdır. Hacktivizmin meşruluğu bağlamında yürütülen çalışmaların bir kısmı hacktivizmin sivil itaatsizlik kavramıyla olan ilişkisini ortaya koymaktadır. Sivil itaatsizliğin yasaya politik ve sosyal bir nedenle bilerek uymamaya dayanan bir eylem türü olması; hackin yasadışı alana taşan yanının da dijital sistemlere izin giriş yasağına itaatsizlik şeklinde ele alınabileceğini gündeme getirmektedir. Bu durum, hacktivizmin politik bir motivasyona sahip bir hack eylemi olarak, elektronik sivil itaatsizlik olarak kavramsallaştırmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışmanın kapsamında hacktivizmin hangi bağlamda elektronik sivil itaatsizlik biçimi olarak kavranıp kavranamayacağı ve elektronik sivili itaatsizlik olarak meşruluğunu sorgulanmaktadır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle hacktivizmin kavramsal olarak nasıl ele alındığı tarihsel örnekleriyle ele alınmakta ve sonrasında sivil itaatsizliğin nasıl teorize edildiğine meşruiyeti bağlamında tartışılmaktadır. Son olarak ise elektronik sivil itaatsizlik kavramı ve hacktivizmi meşru bir zeminde değerlendirmenin sınırları ortaya konmaktadır. Kavramsal olarak çalışma, meşru bir zeminde sivil itaatsizliğin sanal uzama taşınması olarak hacktivizmin, elektronik sivil itaatsizlik olarak ele alınmasının gerektiği savlamaktadır.
The Impact of Innovation, Foreign Direct Investments, Trade Openness, Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions in Türkiye
Authors: Kadiroğlu Ahmet
Published: June 2023

The main purpose of this study is to examine the current energy economics literature in Türkiye by considering the role of innovations, foreign direct investments, economic growth and trade openness in the function of carbon emissions. In the study using 1994–2020 data, vector error correction model (VECM) and ARDL bounds test methods were used to examine the effects of innovation, trade openness, foreign direct investment, per capita GDP on CO2 emissions. Accordingly, it was concluded that trade openness and GDP per capita are among the variables affecting CO2 emissions in Türkiye. GDP per capita and trade openness affect carbon emissions positively in Türkiye. On the other hand, the relationship between FDI, innovation coefficient and CO2 emission coefficient is not significant at the 5% level. The sign of the coefficient of the predicted foreign direct investment and innovation variable is positive. In line with the findings, it primarily targets the energy consumption model, since economic growth is the primary driving force of the country's economy. Policy makers should turn to practices that encourage the use of renewable energy sources rather than the use of fossil fuels. While transitioning to renewable energy sources, R&D units in the country can be used for the development of renewable energy solutions.
ประสิทธิผลของงานวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นเพื่อสร้างสังคมฐานความรู้ในพื้นที่จังหวัดศรีสะเกษช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2552-2563
Authors:   , ทิพย์บรรพต สันตกฤษ
Published: June 2023

การศึกษาเรื่อง “ประสิทธิผลของงานวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นเพื่อสร้างสังคมฐานความรู้ในพื้นที่จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ ช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2552-2563” ผู้วิจัยได้ตั้งคำถามการวิจัยเพื่อหาคำตอบว่า ผลลัพธ์การสนับสนุนโครงการวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นของสำนักงานกองทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัยในจังหวัดศรีสะเกษ ในช่วงปี พ.ศ. 2552 – 2563 เป็นอย่างไร โดยเป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ ใช้วิธีการวิจัยด้วยการสัมภาษณ์แบบเชิงลึก (In-depth Interview) จากผู้ให้สัมภาษณ์ทั้งหมด จำนวน 10 ท่าน ประกอบด้วย ผู้บริหารสำนักงานกองทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัย (สกว.) พี่เลี้ยงงานวิจัย ภาคีที่เกี่ยวข้องในการขับเคลื่อนงานวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นในพื้นที่และนักชาวบ้าน

ผลการศึกษาพบว่า การสนับสนุนโครงการวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นที่ดำเนินการในพื้นที่จังหวัดศรีสะเกษ ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2552 – 2563 เกิดผลลัพธ์ที่ประสบผลสำเร็จ โดยพบว่าประการแรก กลไกการขับเคลื่อนงานวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นเป็นไปอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ใช้งบประมาณที่ต่ำ ค่าตอบแทนที่น้อยมาก ด้วยการอาศัยพี่เลี้ยงนักวิจัยเป็นผู้ที่ทำงาน “ด้วยใจ” เข้าใจคนและบริบทของพื้นที่ ไม่ได้หวังผลตอบแทน พี่เลี้ยงเป็นผู้ดึงตัวแสดง (Actors) ที่สำคัญในพื้นที่เพื่อทำงานร่วมกันแบบเครือข่าย (Networks) ส่งผลให้ชุมชนท้องถิ่นมีการเปลี่ยนแปลงที่ดีขึ้นเป็นผลกระทบที่สูง เกิดความคุ้มค่ากับต้นทุนทางการเงินที่สำนักงานกองทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัย (สกว.) ได้สนับสนุนลงไปในพื้นที่ ประการที่สอง ผลจากการวิจัยสามารถแก้ปัญหาชุมชนท้องถิ่นได้จริง และมีการต่อยอดงานโดยหน่วยงานภาครัฐ เป็นต้น ทำให้เกิดการพัฒนาพื้นที่อย่างต่อเนื่อง  ประการที่สาม เกิดการเสริมพลัง (empowerment) ให้แก่ชาวบ้าน และชาวบ้านที่ได้รับการหนุนเสริมให้เป็น “นักวิจัยไทบ้าน” (นักวิจัยชาวบ้าน) สามารถต่อยอดทักษะและองค์ความรู้จากการทำงานวิจัยได้ ทั้งนี้พบปัจจัยความสำเร็จที่สำคัญได้แก่ กระบวนการหนุนเสริมนักวิจัยชาวบ้านของพี่เลี้ยง และการดึงหน่วยงานภาครัฐเข้ามาเกี่ยวข้องกับการแก้ไขปัญหาและขับเคลื่อนงานวิจัยตั้งแต่ต้นทำให้โครงการวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นมีโอกาสแก้ไขปัญหาและพัฒนาชุมชนท้องถิ่นได้ในระยะยาวและยั่งยืน รวมทั้งเกิดการสร้างและใช้ฐานข้อมูลชุมชนท้องถิ่นได้จริง โดยข้อเสนอแนะในเชิงนโยบายต่อหน่วยงานในระบบวิจัย ควรให้ความสำคัญกับงานวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นตามหลักการบริหารงานวิจัยของสำนักงานกองทุนสนับสนุนการวิจัย (สกว.) ในอดีต สร้างจุดยืนด้วยการจัดตั้งหน่วยจัดบริหารจัดการทุนวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นหรือสนับสนุนงบประมาณการวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นเพิ่มขึ้น เพื่อเปิดพื้นที่ให้กับงานวิจัยเพื่อท้องถิ่นโดยชาวบ้านเป็นนักวิจัยเอง ประเภทการวิจัยเชิงปฏิบัติการแบบมีส่วนร่วม ทำให้ชาวบ้านได้ประโยชน์จากงานวิจัยจริงไม่เป็นงานวิจัยขึ้นหิ้ง
ประสิทธิภาพและความพึงพอใจเกี่ยวกับการนำเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศมาใช้ในองค์การ: กรณีศึกษา แอพพลิเคชั่น Rama App ของโรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี
Authors:   , จารุพันธ์ ปารมี
Published: June 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์ 2 ประการ ได้แก่ 1) เพื่อศึกษาความคิดเห็นของผู้บริหารและผู้ปฏิบัติงานในหน่วยตรวจผู้ป่วยนอกพิเศษเด็กและวัยรุ่น โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี เกี่ยวกับประสิทธิภาพของการนำแอพพลิเคชั่น Rama App มาใช้ในองค์การ 2) เพื่อศึกษาความพึงพอใจของผู้ใช้บริการในหน่วยตรวจผู้ป่วยนอกพิเศษเด็กและวัยรุ่น โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี เกี่ยวกับการนำแอพพลิเคชั่น Rama App มาใช้ในองค์การ ผู้วิจัยใช้รูปแบบการวิจัยแบบผสมผสาน (ทั้งการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณและคุณภาพ) ซึ่งกลุ่มตัวอย่างคือผู้ใช้บริการในหน่วยตรวจผู้ป่วยนอกพิเศษเด็กและวัยรุ่น โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี จำนวน 370 คน และผู้ให้ข้อมูลสำคัญประกอบด้วยผู้บริหารและผู้ปฏิบัติงานในหน่วยตรวจผู้ป่วยนอกพิเศษเด็กและวัยรุ่น โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี จำนวน 5 คน สำหรับผลการศึกษาพบว่า 1) ผู้บริหารและผู้ปฏิบัติงานในหน่วยตรวจผู้ป่วยนอกพิเศษเด็กและวัยรุ่นมีความคิดเห็นว่าการนำแอพพลิเคชั่น Rama App มาใช้ในองค์การสามารถลดความผิดพลาดในการปฏิบัติงาน และทำให้ผู้ปฏิบัติงานทราบถึงปริมาณงาน รวมถึงช่วยลดภาระงานของผู้ปฏิบัติงาน ตลอดจน สามารถลดระยะเวลาในการใช้บริการที่โรงพยาบาล อีกทั้งสามารถลดค่าใช้จ่ายในการดำเนินงาน 2) กลุ่มตัวอย่างผู้ใช้บริการในหน่วยตรวจผู้ป่วยนอกพิเศษเด็กและวัยรุ่น โรงพยาบาลรามาธิบดี มีความพึงพอใจทุกฟังก์ชั่นของแอพพลิเคชั่น Rama App ในระดับมาก โดยพบว่ามีความพึงพอใจฟังก์ชั่น “คัดกรอง COVID-19”  มากที่สุด และมีความพึงพอใจฟังก์ชั่น “แผนที่” น้อยที่สุด
ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการยอมรับระบบบริการอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ภาครัฐ กรณีศึกษา งานสิทธิประโยชน์ทางภาษีอากร กรมศุลกากร
Authors:   , สาตร์บำรุง สโรชา
Published: June 2023

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการยอมรับระบบบริการอิเล็กทรอนิกส์ภาครัฐ โดยใช้การวิจัยแบบผสมผสาน ซี่งกลุ่มตัวอย่างเชิงปริมาณคือผู้ใช้งานระบบ จำนวน 567 คน เก็บข้อมูลด้วยแบบสอบถามและวิเคราะห์ด้วยสถิติหาความถี่ ร้อยละ ค่าเฉลี่ย ส่วนเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน สถิติ T-Test สถิติ One-Way ANOVA และการวิเคราะห์ถดถอยพหุคูณ ส่วนกลุ่มตัวอย่างเชิงคุณภาพคือผู้ใช้งานระบบ จำนวน 8 คน ใช้การสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกและแปรผลโดยการวิเคราะห์จากเนื้อหา จากนั้นจะนำผลของทั้งสองวิธีมาเปรียบเทียบกัน

ผลการวิจัยพบว่า 1) ระดับการยอมรับของผู้ใช้งานอยู่ในระดับมาก 2) ปัจจัยส่วนบุคคล ได้แก่ อายุ ระดับการศึกษา ประสบการณ์การใช้ระบบ ที่แตกต่างกัน ทำให้ผู้ใช้งานมีระดับการยอมรับระบบที่แตกต่างกัน แต่สำหรับสถานภาพในการทำงาน ในการวิจัยเชิงปริมาณพบว่าไม่มีผล แต่การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพพบว่ามีผล 3) ปัจจัยหลัก ได้แก่ การรับรู้ความง่ายในการใช้งาน ความน่าเชื่อถือของระบบ และการสนับสนุนจากองค์กร เป็นปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการยอมรับของผู้ใช้งาน ส่วนการรับรู้ประโยชน์ของการใช้งาน ในเชิงปริมาณพบว่าไม่มีผล แต่ในเชิงคุณภาพพบว่ามีผล 4) ในการพัฒนาระบบ ต้องคำนึงถึงผู้ใช้งานทุกกลุ่ม ให้ข้อมูลวิธีใช้งานอย่างง่ายและข้อมูลด้านความปลอดภัยที่น่าเชื่อถือ  ประชาสัมพันธ์ถึงประโยชน์ของระบบ ตลอดจนผลักดันให้องค์กรของผู้ใช้สนับสนุนระบบ
ปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิภาพการเบิกจ่ายงบประมาณของจังหวัดสระบุรี
Authors:   , เรืองอรุณกิจ ปราณี
Published: June 2023

งานวิจัยนี้มีเป็นการศึกษาประสิทธิภาพการเบิกจ่ายงบประมาณในส่วนของงบจังหวัด (Area) ที่จังหวัดสระบุรีได้รับการจัดสรร เนื่องจากงบจังหวัดเป็นงบที่ใช้สำหรับภารกิจในเชิงพื้นที่ กระจายลงสู่พื้นที่เป้าหมายโดยตรง และประชาชนในพื้นที่ มีส่วนร่วมในกระบวนการงบประมาณ อันเป็นรากฐานสำคัญในการลดความเหลื่อมล้ำและแก้ไขปัญหาความเดือดร้อนของประชาชนตามบริบทของแต่ละพื้นที่ ในปีงบประมาณ 2562- 2563 จังหวัดสระบุรีมีผลการเบิกจ่ายงบประมาณจังหวัดเป็นอันดับหนึ่งของประเทศ โดยมีผลการเบิกจ่ายสูงถึงร้อยละ 100 ซึ่งถือเป็นปรากฏการณ์ที่ควรนำมาถอดเป็นบทเรียน ผู้วิจัยในฐานะเป็นส่วนหนึ่งขององค์กรมีความสนใจศึกษาปัจจัยที่ส่งผลต่อความสำเร็จในการเบิกจ่าย โดยใช้การวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ การวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลปฐมภูมิ และข้อมูลทุติยภูมิ และทำการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกจากกลุ่มเป้าหมาย

ผลการศึกษาพบว่า กระบวนการเบิกจ่ายงบประมาณของจังหวัดสระบุรี ได้ยึดหลักการบริหาร POLC อันประกอบด้วย การวางแผน (Planning) การจัดองค์การ (Organizing) การนำ (Leading) และการควบคุม (Controlling) สำหรับปัจจัยสำคัญ ที่ส่งผลต่อประสิทธิภาพในการเบิกจ่ายงบประมาณของจังหวัดสระบุรี คือ จังหวัดสระบุรี มีข้อได้เปรียบในเชิงยุทธศาสตร์ของพื้นที่ นอกจากนี้ จังหวัดสระบุรีมีผู้ว่าราชการจังหวัด ซึ่งเป็นผู้นำที่มีลักษณะโดดเด่น คือ มีวิสัยทัศน์ เป็นผู้ฟังที่ดี มีความยืดหยุ่น ใช้คนเป็น ทำงานเก่ง เชี่ยวชาญพื้นที่ มุ่งเน้นผลลัพธ์ในการทำงาน และมีส่วนสำคัญในการดึงศักยภาพของทรัพยากรที่มีอยู่นำไปใช้ในการบริหารงานคลังและการบริหารราชการแผ่นดินได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ
Assessment of pregnant women’s knowledge and practices concerning prenatal care who attend primary health care centers in Baghdad City
Authors: Shalash Ishraq , Mohammed Fatin
Published: June 2023

Objective: To assess knowledge of pregnant women concerning prenatal care who attend primary health carecenter in Baghdad city.Methodology: A descriptive analytic study carried on (100) pregnant women who attend primary health carecenters in Baghdad city (50) of them from Al- Sheik Omer primary health care center \Resafa sector .and 50 fromBelat Al-Shuhadaa/ Al Karch sector, during the period from April to November 2011. The data were collectedthrough interview and use questionnaire format. Validity and Reliability of the questionnaire were determinedthrough panel of experts and pilot study, data were analysed through the application of descriptive statisticalanalysis and inferential statistical analysis.Results: The results revealed that (28%) of pregnant women their ages ranged between 15-19 years, (48%) werenot read and write, (54%) from low socioeconomic status. (61%) had 1-2 gravida, (48%) had 1-2 para, 26% had 1-2abortion and 78%attended primary health care center 1-2 visits only. The result indicates that there is no significantrelationship between sociodemographic characteristic and knowledge of pregnant women concerning prenatalcare, while there is significant relationship between number of prenatal care visits and knowledge of the pregnantwomen.Recommendations: The study recommended an emphasis on health education for mothers' awareness of theimportance of regular visits to primary health care center during pregnancy.
The prism of petrol: drive, desire and the energy unconscious in Anna Kavan’s Ice
Authors: Orpana Simon Andrew
Published: June 2023

This essay argues that psychoanalytic modes of interpretation can help us understand and intervene in the blockages and fantasies hindering the exodus from fossil fuel use that contemporary science tells us is urgently necessary. A reading of Anna Kavan's 1967 science fiction novel Ice reveals an "energy unconscious" at work by which petroleum fuels a violent and masculinist resolution to the alienation and fragmentation experienced by the protagonists. Such interpretations allow us to recognize how culture and subjectivity are shaped by petroleum, opening a space to work towards framing new narratives and values.
Relationality and difference
Authors: Veisland Jørgen
Published: June 2023

Søren Kierkegaard's work The Concept of Irony is an ambivalent and subtle analysis of irony with special reference to Socrates. Kierkegaard demonstrates how irony paradoxically makes its own method into an object of irony, a process culminating in a transgression of dialectics resulting in pure negativity. Moreover, irony is only a tool whereby the philosopher approximates the Absolute through indirect communication and explores the limits of language by contrasting it with music. The ultimate goal of this speculative, rhetorical procedure is to open up the aesthetic dimension to the ethico­religious dimension. This involves an emancipation of subjectivity entailing the subject's serious confrontation with existence as an ethically disposed interest, inter­esse, where the individual is in constant dialogue with her/himself. The dialogue in the individual self is propelled by longing, which may be conceived as an intensified mental force containing an erotic and religious core and manifesting the ever­present, immanent difference between self and other. That difference is emblematic of a psychological, moral and epistemological problematic indicating indeterminacy and relationality, the pivots of individual becoming.
The aesthetics of the shock, part II
Authors: Nir Tidhar
Published: June 2023

This second part of Tidhar Nir's essay on the aesthetics of the shock deals with Adorno and Benjamin's dialectical implementations of Freudian concepts such as Thanatos, repetition compulsion, and Eros as part of their relation to the autonomy of art. Interpreting works of art as uncanny and as animistic fantasies reveals how art, in their mind, is related to social reality and social struggles for individuality. Benjamin's account of the French photographer Atget stresses commercial fetishism by giving the inanimate new life through the absence of subjectivity. Atget's empty city is uncanny in its repetitiveness of unused objects, and nostalgic trends give a paradoxical expression to a yearning for innovation amidst the ``always the same.'' Alienation in this context can be understood in two different ways: 1) as the conjunction of inner and outer reality that takes place when the ego is objectified and comes to be regarded as a mere instrument; or 2) as a blurring of ego with outer reality in an effort to undermine the forces that have fixated the ego erotically by conjoining it with other life elements. Adorno designates this phenomenon as the ``return of nature'' or the aesthetization of the ego. Adorno's interpretation of poetic language draws the contours for a narcissism in which repetition compulsion may be expressed as an unintelligible sound. But that sound is not meaningless: it reiterates and uncovers the trauma inherent in the reification of language.
Normativity and grammar of psychological concepts
Authors: Reimann Lukas
Published: June 2023

This essay aims to establish the claim that psychological concepts such as love, desire, depression, etc. have a normative dimension, to then explore the potential source of this normativity. Building on Wittgenstein’s social-constructivist approach, this essay argues that not only the psychological concepts that are available to us, but also our concepts’ normative dimension is a result of our communal life. In Wittgensteinian terminology, normativity should therefore be understood as a grammatical feature of the language-games we play with psychological concepts.
Hospital Readmission Rates in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Padarti Akhil , Amritphale Amod , Kilgo William
Published: June 2023

BACKGROUND

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an aggressive central nervous system astrocytopathy often resulting in rapid neurologic decline. Patients have recurrent flares that require immunomodulatory therapy for relapse prevention. These patients are usually hospitalized and may need rehospitalization after decline. Hospital readmission rates are important indicators that can be used to gauge health care quality and have direct implications on hospital compensation. This study aims to identify high-risk characteristics of patients with NMOSD that can be used to predict hospital readmissions.

METHODS

The 2017 Nationwide Readmissions Database was searched for hospital admissions for NMOSD in the United States. All patients with hospital readmission within 30 days of discharge from the index hospitalization were included.

RESULTS

The 30-day all-cause readmission rate for NMOSD was 11.9% (95% CI, 10.6%-13.3%). Patients aged 65 to 74 years had higher odds of readmission; those with private insurance had decreased odds. Sex did not affect readmission. Several comorbidities, such as respiratory failure, peripheral vascular disease, neurocognitive disorders, and neurologic blindness, were predictive of readmissions. Plasma exchange increased the odds of readmission, whereas intravenous immunoglobulin and immunomodulatory infusions, such as chemotherapies and monoclonal antibodies, did not affect readmission.

CONCLUSIONS

The most common etiologies for 30-day read-mission were neurologic, infectious, and respiratory. Treatment targeted toward these etiologies may result in reduced overall readmission, thereby decreasing overall disease burden.
Eco-Literacy: For the Well-being of the Earth
Authors: Sharma Ankush
Published: June 2023

Eco-literacy is a strong term for building a sustainable society that values the natural environment and provides a basis for its conservation through a holistic approach. It deals with the understanding of ecological principles of organization and their possible application in learning the construction of a sustainable human society. Nature does not require us; rather we need nature. Now is the moment to learn a lesson and become self-sufficient. We cannot enjoy what we do not understand. The only solution to the current environmental catastrophe is ecological education, which will help us improve it and equip us with alternatives and the courage to act for a more sustainable future.
Significance of Plant Canopy Maintenance in Crop Yield
Authors: Dahiya Seema , Rana M. K. , Khedwal Rajbir Singh , Chaudhary Ankur
Published: June 2023

The yield of any crop depends on the capacity of a plant canopy to intercept and efficiently use the sunlight, which is dependent on canopy architecture of a plant viz., leaf size, shape and angle, number of leaves and branches, and a crop geometry viz., row orientation, row spacing, plant geometry, plant density, etc. The amount and distribution of leaf area in a crop canopy determine the way, by which, the photosynthetic active radiation is intercepted and consequently it influences the canopy photosynthesis and yield. The balance between the source and sink significantly contributes towards the higher accumulation of photosybthates  Cropping geometry of a plant/crop affects the radiation use efficiency, intercepted photosynthetic active radiation (IPAR) and thereby the biological and economical yield of a crop. Optimum plant population stand and its density and a planting pattern with adequate spatial arrangement are important cultural factors that increase radiation interception and yield production.
Evaluation of Growth and Yield Parameters of Six Different Rice Fallow Crops under Zero-Till System with Limited Irrigation
Authors: Kanna T. , Kumar B. Rajendra , Rao A. Upendra , Naidu G. Mohan
Published: June 2023

A field experiment was conducted in sandy loam soils to study the Growth and Yield parameters of six different crops with limited number of irrigations under a zero-till system in rice fallows during rabi, 2021-22 at Agricultural College Farm, Naira. The experiment was laid out in split-plot design, replicated thrice with three irrigation levels viz., two irrigations (I1), three irrigations (I2) and four irrigations (I3) assigned to main plots and six fallow crops viz., Maize (C1), Sorghum (C2), Finger millet (C3), Mustard (C4), Sunhemp (C5) and Blackgram (C6) assigned to sub plots. With regard to number of irrigations, dry matter production at harvest, seed yield, Blackgram equivalent yield, stover yield, were recorded progressively higher with four irrigations (I3) and were decreased gradually and significantly with a reduction in number of irrigations to two (I1). Pertaining to six fallow crops, the dry matter production, seed yield, and stover yield recorded, was significantly superior and highest in Maize (C1) while recorded lowest in Mustard (C4). With regard to the interaction effect with number of irrigations and six fallow crops was significant and statistically measurable. The highest dry matter production, seed yield, and stover/haulm yield was recorded in Maize (C1) with four irrigations (I3) and these parameters were found to be lowest in Mustard (C4) with two irrigations (I1).
A Daughter’s Impact
Authors: Jones Nolan N.
Published: June 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a resident otolaryngologist’s grief over the loss of his daughter at nearly 20 weeks’ gestation nearly crushes him until he finds relief hearing the stories of other parents at a hospital-sponsored rememberance celebration.
In-Hospital Deaths From Ambulatory Care–Sensitive Conditions Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan
Authors: Abe Kazuhiro , Kawachi Ichiro , Iba Arisa , Miyawaki Atsushi
Published: June 2023

Importance

The COVID-19 pandemic may have played a role in the deterioration of access to medical care for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (ACSCs).

Objective

To ascertain whether the number of in-hospital deaths and in-hospital mortality rate associated with ACSC changed after the declaration of the COVID-19 national state of emergency in Japan.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study used a difference-in-differences design to compare outcomes for ACSC in the period before (January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019) vs the period after (January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2020) Japan declared a national state of emergency for the COVID-19 pandemic. Analyses used discharge summary data from 242 acute care hospitals across Japan. The sample comprised unscheduled hospitalizations of patients with ACSC during the study period (January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2020). Data analyses were performed between August 16 and December 7, 2022.

Exposure

The declaration of the COVID-19 national state of emergency announced by the Japanese government in April 2020 was considered to be an exogenous shock.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Primary outcomes were the ACSC-associated number of in-hospital deaths, number of hospitalizations, and in-hospital mortality rate.

Results

A total of 28 321 ACSC-related hospitalizations were observed involving 15 318 males (54.1%), with a median (IQR) age of 76 (58-85) years. The number of in-hospital deaths was 2117 (7.5%). The number of hospitalizations decreased overall (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.84; 95% CI, 0.75-0.94), for chronic conditions (IRR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.92), and for vaccine-preventable conditions (IRR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.44-0.76). However, in-hospital deaths (IRR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.15-2.39) and in-hospital deaths within 24 hours of hospital arrival (IRR, 7.27 × 106; 95% CI, 1.83 × 106 to 2.89 × 107) increased for acute conditions. The in-hospital mortality rate increased for acute conditions (IRR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.16-2.54), and the 24-hour in-hospital mortality rates also increased overall (IRR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.19-2.96), for acute conditions (IRR, 2.15 × 106; 95% CI, 5.25 × 105 to 8.79 × 106), and for vaccine-preventable conditions (IRR, 4.64; 95% CI, 1.28-16.77).

Conclusions and Relevance

This cohort study found that in Japan, the number of in-hospital deaths increased after the declaration of the COVID-19 national state of emergency in 2020, particularly for acute ACSC and deaths within 24 hours of hospital admission. This finding suggests that access to good-quality primary care and inpatient care for patients with acute ACSC may have been compromised during the pandemic.
Differences in physical activity and mental function according to the employment status of elderly Japanese
Authors: Ishizuka-Inoue Mami , Kawaguchi Asuka , Kashima Soshiro , Nagai-Tanima Momoko , Aoyama Tomoki
Published: June 2023

Objectives

In recent years, the employment statuses of the elderly have become more diverse, and it is important to investigate the differences in health status according to employment statuses. This study aimed to examine the differences in physical activity and mental function among elderly Japanese according to their employment status and to examine the differences between men and women.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire. The participants were persons aged ≥60 years. Data on their sociodemographic indicators, employment status, physical activity, and mental function were collected. They were classified into six groups according to their employment status: being employed, completely retired, re-hired at the same workplace, re-hired at a different workplace, early retirement, and working at a job without a mandatory retirement age. Differences in the surveyed items according to employment status were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

Results

The total number of participants in the analysis with complete responses was 1552 (1207 men and 345 women; mean age 67.8 ± 5.9 years). The results revealed that among men, those who were re-hired at different workplaces had higher walking physical activity, and retirees and early retirees had longer sedentary time and lower sense of self-usefulness. There was no clear difference among women according to their employment status.

Conclusions

The results suggest that physical activity and mental function among older adults may differ according to their employment status, especially for men. Employment among the elderly may play an important role in maintaining their physical activity and mental function.
Effects of stretching intervention on musculoskeletal pain in dental professionals
Authors: Kim Eun-Sol , Jo Eun-Deok , Han Gyeong-Soon
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study aimed to quantitatively confirm the effects of dental specialists’ work and stretching on musculoskeletal pain.

Methods

The pain pressure threshold was divided into five parts (neck, shoulder, trunk, lower back, and hand/arm) of the upper body and measured at 15 muscle trigger points. The pain pressure threshold before and after work was measured, and 30 min of stretching and rest were stipulated as an intervention.

Results

The pain pressure thresholds reduced significantly in all muscles after work (P < .05). In the stretching group, the pain pressure thresholds increased significantly in all muscles (P < .05). In particular, the iliocostalis lumborum (lower back), rhomboid (trunk), transverse carpal ligament (hand/arm), levator scapulae-superior angle (neck), and upper trapezius (shoulder) muscles showed the greatest decrease in pain pressure threshold after work and the greatest increase after stretching.

Conclusions

Stretching helps immediately relieve musculoskeletal pain in dental professionals and can prevent and manage work-related musculoskeletal disorders.
Distinct cerebral small vessel disease impairment in early‐ and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Luo Xiao , Hong Hui , Li Kaicheng , Zeng Qingze , Wang Shuyue , Li Zheyu , Fu Yanv , Liu Xiaocao , Hong Luwei , Li Jixuan , Zhang Xinyi , Zhong Siyan , Jiaerken Yeerfan , Liu Zhirong , Chen Yanxing , Huang Peiyu , Zhang Minming ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: June 2023

Objective

This study investigated cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) damage patterns in early‐onset and late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD and LOAD) and their effects on cognitive function.

Methods

This study included 93 participants, 45 AD patients (14 EOAD and 31 LOAD), and 48 normal controls (13 YNC and 35 ONC) from the ADNI database. All participants had diffusion tensor imaging data; some had amyloid PET and plasma p‐tau181 data. The study used peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) to measure CSVD severity and compared PSMD between patients and age‐matched controls. The effect of age on the relationship between PSMD and cognition was also examined. The study also repeated the analysis in amyloid‐positive AD patients and amyloid‐negative controls in another independent database (31 EOAD and 38 LOAD), and the merged database.

Results

EOAD and LOAD showed similar cognitive function and disease severity. PSMD was validated as a reliable correlate of cognitive function. In the ADNI database, PSMD was significantly higher for LOAD and showed a tendency to increase for EOAD; in the independent and merged databases, PSMD was significantly higher for both LOAD and EOAD. The impact of PSMD on cognitive function was notably greater in the younger group (YNC and EOAD) than in the older group (ONC and LOAD), as supported by the ADNI and merged databases.

Interpretation

EOAD has less CSVD burden than LOAD, but has a greater impact on cognition. Proactive cerebrovascular prevention strategies may have potential clinical value for younger older adults with cognitive decline.
Ultrafine Homologous Ni2P–Co2P Heterostructures via Space‐Confined Topological Transformation for Superior Urea Electrolysis
Authors: Liao Yu , Chen Yangyang , Li Lei , Luo Sha , Qing Yan , Tian Cuihua , Xu Han , Zhang Jingxian , Wu Yiqiang
Published: June 2023

Constructing effective electrocatalysts based on ultrafine heterostructures is a promising strategy for boosting catalytic performance by exposing active sites and increasing specific surface area. However, the fabrication of catalytically active heterostructures with elaborate architectures is still poorly developed owing to synthetic challenges, and the intrinsic mechanism of heterogeneous interfaces remains unclear because of insufficient evidence regarding real active sites. In this study, ultrafine homologous Ni2P–Co2P heterostructures (Ni2P–Co2P/C) are created using a topological transformation strategy from a Ni–Co layered double hydroxide/carbon (Ni–Co LDH/C) interconnected structure in a single nanosheet. When employed as catalysts in urea oxidation reaction (UOR), the Ni2P–Co2P/C heterostructures exhibit superior activity and stability, attributed to the optimized geometric and electronic structures of the catalytic sites. Specifically, it takes an ultralow potential of 1.27 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a small Tafel slope of 28.71 mV dec−1. The operando analyses and calculation results reveal that cobalt incorporation can reduce the generation potential of the surface reconstructive active species and optimize the absorption/desorption energy of the intermediates. Overall, this study proposes an efficient and cost‐effective UOR electrocatalyst and offers a new high‐performance homologous heterostructure design for widespread application.
Enhanced Skin Permeation of Anti‐Aging Peptides Using Bioactive Ionic Liquids at Low Concentrations
Authors: Wang Mi , Wang Zhenyuan , Liu Tianqi , Zhang Jichuan , Shen Tianwei , Hu Fan , Hu Xiaoyun , Du Le , Zhang Jiaheng , Ye Rui
Published: June 2023

Delaying aging is an eternal goal for humanity. Acetyl hexapeptide‐8 (AHP‐8) is an effective skin anti‐aging drug that locally interrupts the signal transmission of muscle contractions and promotes collagen production, thus smoothening wrinkles. However, its high molecular weight and strong hydrophilicity limit its skin permeation capacity. To solve this problem, an ionic liquid with excellent bioactivity, MAC, is synthesized from l‐malic acid and l‐carnitine and used as a permeation enhancer to improve the anti‐aging effects of AHP‐8. The ratio of MAC's components is optimized based on density functional theory calculations and cytotoxicity experiments. Low concentrations of MAC significantly increase AHP‐8 transdermal delivery, reaching a maximum at 5‐10 wt% MAC. The pro‐permeation mechanism of MAC is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations, and the penetration enhancement and anti‐aging performance of AHP‐8 are demonstrated by conducting cellular, animal, and clinical experiments. The results show that MAC/AHP‐8 outperforms AHP‐8 in terms of collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis, anti‐inflammation, anti‐oxidation, and inhibition of muscle contraction, thus significantly reducing the number and area of wrinkles and increasing skin moisture and elasticity. This study presents MAC as a simple and efficient transdermal vehicle for the clinical application of AHP‐8.
Multi‐Healable, Mechanically Durable Double Cross‐Linked Polyacrylamide Electrolyte Incorporating Hydrophobic Interactions for Dendrite‐Free Flexible Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xilin , Wang Bin , Cheng Jianli
Published: June 2023

Flexible aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as one of the most promising energy storage candidates for wearable electronics, owing to their environmental friendliness, low cost, high safety, and high theoretical capacity. However, the practical application of flexible ZIBs is significantly impeded by the Zn dendrite growth and the poor mechanical endurability at the electrolyte–electrode interface. Mechanically durable hydrogel electrolyte with dendrite growth restriction and self‐healing ability is highly desirable to improve the durability and extend the lifetime of the flexible ZIBs. However, it is still a big challenge to simultaneously endow hydrogel electrolytes with all necessary properties. Herein, multi‐healable and mechanically durable hydrogels are fabricated by the synergy effect of strong chemical cross‐linking and dynamic physical hydrophobic associations. The obtained double cross‐linked polyacrylamide electrolyte (PAAm‐O‐B) has good tensile strain, strength, and stable electrochemical performance, with tensile strength up to 75 kPa, high self‐healing efficiency up to 50 broken‐healed cycles and lifespan up to 900 h dendrite inhibition behavior. The flexible Zn//MnO2 batteries using PAAm‐O‐B hydrogel electrolytes exhibit good mechanical durability with high specific capacity and long cycle lifespan even under 1000 bending deformations and superior self‐healing ability.
Bilayer Zwitterionic Metal‐Organic Framework for Selective All‐Solid‐State Superionic Conduction in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Ouyang Yuan , Gong Wei , Zhang Qi , Wang Jia , Guo Sijia , Xiao Yingbo , Li Dixiong , Wang Changhong , Sun Xueliang , Wang Chaoyang , Huang Shaoming
Published: June 2023

Solid‐state batteries (SSBs) hold immense potential for improved energy density and safety compared to traditional batteries. However, existing solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) face challenges in meeting the complex operational requirements of SSBs. This study introduces a novel approach to address this issue by developing a metal‐organic framework (MOF) with customized bilayer zwitterionic nanochannels (MOF‐BZN) as high‐performance SSEs. The BZN consist of a rigid anionic MOF channel with chemically grafted soft multicationic oligomers (MCOs) on the pore wall. This design enables selective superionic conduction, with MCOs restricting the movement of anions while coulombic interaction between MCOs and anionic framework promoting the dissociation of Li+. MOF‐BZN exhibits remarkable Li+ conductivity (8.76 × 10−4 S cm−1), high Li+ transference number (0.75), and a wide electrochemical window of up to 4.9 V at 30 °C. Ultimately, the SSB utilizing flame retarded MOF‐BZN achieves an impressive specific energy of 419.6 Wh kganode+cathode+electrolyte−1 under constrained conditions of high cathode loading (20.1 mg cm−2) and limited lithium metal source. The constructed bilayer zwitterionic MOFs present a pioneering strategy for developing advanced SSEs for highly efficient SSBs.
The Dynamics of Oxygen Ion Exchange in Epitaxial Strontium Cobaltite Bilayers
Authors: Wenderott Jill K. , Dufresne Eric M. , Li Yan , Cao Hui , Zhang Qingteng , Narayanachari K. V. L. V. , Buchholz D. Bruce , Guha Supratik , Fong Dillon D.
Published: June 2023

The exchange of ions across interfaces is key to the field of iontronics, where the properties of the device can be altered by the local ion concentration. This study investigates a complex oxide system where structural and electronic phase transitions can be driven by changes in the concentration of oxygen ions. In situ coherent X‐ray studies are conducted on epitaxial bilayers of insulating SrCoO2.5 and metallic SrCoO3 − δ. The diffusion of oxygen ions across the bilayer is studied with X‐ray photon correlation spectroscopy to capture the dynamical behavior of the interface in reducing and oxidizing environments. The behavior is strongly asymmetric, with much slower dynamics appearing in reducing versus oxidizing environments. According to the correlation functions determined from different points in reciprocal space, this study finds that the dynamics near the center of the SrCoO2.5 crystal are generally similar to those near the heterointerfaces. The results suggest that the interface is stable and reversible, making SrCoOx a model system for the study of iontronic behavior.
Polymeric Benzothiadiazole, Benzooxadiazole, and Benzoselenadiazole Photocathodes for Photocatalytic Oxygen Reduction to Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Gańczarczyk Roman , Rybakiewicz‐Sekita Renata , Gryszel Maciej , Drapała Jakub , Zagórska Małgorzata , Głowacki Eric Daniel
Published: June 2023

Visible‐light‐driven semiconductor photoelectrodes are promising new devices for on‐demand photocathodic generation of hydrogen peroxide. Herein, the fabrication of organic polymeric photocathodes employing poly(4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole) (pThBTD), and comparatively seven other related derivatives is reported. The monomer dithienobenzodithiazole can be directly polymerized on an electrode via two methods: electropolymerization or iodine‐vapor‐assisted polymerization. Both give polymers with wide visible light absorption and suitable stability for photoelectrodes. These methods yield different active layer morphologies, with electropolymerization yielding photocathodes with better performance. Critical issues affecting oxygen reduction photocurrents are evaluated, namely thickness, wettability, and pH. Photocathodic oxygen reduction currents, as well as photovoltages, are among the highest reported for an organic photoelectrocatalyst, and pThBTD films can stably produce H2O2 with high faradaic yield over at least 8 h. This study shows that single‐component organic semiconductor devices can be highly competitive versus more complex heterostructures and that such low‐bandgap organic polymers can afford remarkable stability.
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions and (Electro)chemical Interface Stability
Authors: Huang Binxiang , Erhart Paul , Yang Tongqing , Klein Andreas
Published: June 2023

Interface stability is a key factor for stable operation of electronic and electrochemical devices. This contribution introduces an approach for the operando analysis of interfaces using photoelectron spectroscopy employing a solid oxide electrochemical cell. The combined chemical and electronic information provided by the experiment reveals that not only chemical but also electrostatic boundary conditions are essential for interface stability. The approach is demonstrated using (anti‐)ferroelectric (Pb,La)(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3 dielectrics.
Manipulating Electron Density Distribution of Nicotinamide Derivatives Toward Defect Passivation In Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Lidan , Zheng Can , Xu Zhuo , Li Yong , Cao Yang , Yang Tengteng , Zhang Hao , Wang Qiang , Liu Zhike , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Wang Dapeng , Liu Shengzhong (F.)
Published: June 2023

The design of additives mainly involves selection of functional groups with coordination relationships with defects in perovskite materials. However, it is particularly important to further adjust the geometrical configuration and electronic structure of an additive. Here, the nicotinamide (NA) and its derivative 6‐Methylnicotinamide (CNA) with electron‐donor functional groups are comparatively analyzed to investigate the effect of molecular dipole and electronic configuration on the defect passivation of perovskite absorbers and the photovoltaic properties of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the CNA molecule with its large molecular dipole combine with the undercoordinated Pb2+ ions in perovskite to form a higher binding energy, which is beneficial to improve the formation energy of Pb‐related defects. Experimental characterization confirms that the CNA molecule significantly enhances the coordination effect between acylamino and undercoordinated defective Pb2+ cations, which is conducive to obtain high‐quality, low‐defect density of state, large grain size, and smooth surface perovskite absorbers. Thanks to the electronic configuration and electronic cloud distribution of CNA molecules, the PSCs yield impressive efficiency as high as 24.33% with excellent environmental storage, heat, and light stabilities. This research provides a research basis for designing additives with steric‐charge‐dependence to assist perovskite photovoltaics.