bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
#OBrasilNãoPodeParar e o discurso político na vídeo-propaganda do Governo Federal
Authors: Silva Marques Rodolfo , Silva dos Santos Luiz Cezar
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo visa discutir os eixos da comunicação pública e do discurso político e a mídia, no contexto da pandemia da Covid-19, no Brasil, entre março e junho de 2020. O objeto de estudo é a c­ampanha publicitária lançada pelo governo federal, no final de março, com o vídeo-propaganda “O Brasil não pode parar”. A temática é relevante pelo que foi mobilizado em termos de interesse público e pelas estratégias de comunicação governamental. A campanha durou poucos dias no ar – foi retirada após decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF). Na metodologia, aplicam-se os caminhos da revisão de literatura, da descrição histórica da campanha e da hermenêutica das estratégias da campanha publicitária. São trabalhadas as categorias da comunicação pública, da publicidade e propaganda e da propaganda governamental. Como conclusões, percebem-se a influência da comunicação governamental junto à população, o despropósito da peça em si e a afirmação de discursos através da propaganda governamental.
Cross-correlation Analysis Between Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies and Several Climate Elements in The Indian Ocean
Authors: Oktaviani Fanny , Miftahuddin  , Setiawan Ichsan
Published: May 2021

Climate change can create a considerable impact in Indonesia. Aceh province is a province located on the island of Sumatra and it are located around in the Indian Ocean. Aceh Province has a considerable impact of climate change caused by the Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies (SSTA). The SSTA in the Indian Ocean is a parameter that can affect climatic conditions in Indonesia. The SSTA changes can cause an extreme climate change on earth. There are several climate elements affected by SSTA including air temperature, rainfall, wind speed, solar radiation, and relative humidity. One of the methods used to look at SSTA's relationship with some climate elements is the Cross-Correlation method. The climate data used in this study was a daily time series data. The purpose of this study is to find out SSTA's relationship with some climate elements. The results showed that using the Pearson correlation, the highest relationship was SSTA and the air temperature was 0.45. Meanwhile, the lowest relationship was SSTA and the rainfall was -0.05. Similarly, the Cross-Correlation method where the highest relationship was SSTA and the air temperature was 0.469, and the lowest close relationship was SSTA and the rainfall was -0.075.
Site-Specific Ventricular Tachycardia Inducibility
Authors: Aboud Asad , Abraham Robert , adeola oluwaseun , Nakajima Ikutaro , Narui Ryohsuke , Nakamura Tomofumi , Kanagasundram Arvindh , Richardson Travis , Stevenson William
Published: May 2021

Introduction Programmed electrical stimulation is an essential part of
VT ablation procedures but VT is not always inducible, usually for
reasons that are not clear. We sought to review pacing site-specific
failure of programmed electrical stimulation (PES) to induce
scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT). Methods A series of patients
in whom aggressive programmed stimulation from traditional RV pacing
sites failed to induce VT, but VT was easily inducible from a
non-traditional site are reviewed. Computer simulations in a simple
2-dimensional model of reentry were performed. Results Six patients who
had no inducible sustained VT from the RV apex/outflow tract with at
least 3 extrastimuli, but relatively easily induced VT from the LV,
basal RV, epicardium, or atrium are described. In 5 of these patients,
the site that induced VT was closer to the likely reentry circuit region
based on mapping and ablation. Computer simulations illustrated that the
spatial relation between the pacing site and the entrance and exits of a
reentry isthmus can determine the ease of initiation of reentry by
determining the time available for recovery of excitability at the
initial region of block. Conclusions The site of PES has a marked effect
on inducibility of VT in some patients such that PES from the RV apex
and outflow regions will fail to expose clinically relevant VTs. The
frequency with which this occurs is not certain. Stimulation from
alternative sites is a reasonable consideration in selected patients.
Current practice in Transvenous Lead Extraction in Latin-American: Latin-American Heart Rhythm Association Survey
Authors: Diaz Juan Carlos , Romero Jorge , Costa Roberto , Cuesta Alejandro , DiBiase Luigi , Alviz Isabella , Velasco Alejandro , Gabr Mohamed , Duque Mauricio , Marin Jorge , Aristizabal Julian , Velásquez Jorge , Niño Cesar , Mazzetti Hector
Published: May 2021

Background: Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is standard of care for
the management of patients with cardiac implantable electronic device
infection or lead related complications. Currently, objective data on
TLE in Latin America is lacking. Objective: To describe the current
practice standards in Latin American centers performing TLE. Methods: An
online survey was sent through the mailing list of the Latin American
Heart Rhythm Association (LAHRS). Online reminders were sent through the
mailing list; duplicate answers were discarded. The survey was available
for one month, after which no more answers were accepted. Results: A
total of 48 answers were received, from 44 different institutions
(39.6% from Colombia, 27,1% from Brazil), with most respondents (83%)
being electrophysiologists. Twenty-nine institutions (66%) performed
less than 10 lead extractions/year, with 7 (15%) institutions not
performing lead extraction. Although most institutions in which lead
extraction is performed reported using several tools, mechanical
rotating sheaths were cited as the main tool (73%), 13.5% reported the
use of mechanical extraction sheaths and only 13.5% reporting the use
of laser sheaths. Management of infected leads was performed according
to current guidelines. Conclusion: This survey is the first attempt to
provide information on TLE procedures in Latin America and could provide
useful information for future prospective registries. According to our
results, the number of centers performing high volume lead extraction in
Latin America is smaller than that reported in other continents, with
most interventions performed using mechanical tools. Future prospective
registries assessing acute and long-term success are needed.
Is inmunotherapy effective on the treatment of secretory azoospermia ?
Authors: song bo , sun mei , qian weiping
Published: May 2021

Aims of the study To assess the effectiveness of medicine and
immunotherapy on secretory azoospermia. Methods used to conduct the
study The husband with azoospermia was 63 years old and his 35-year-old
wife presented secondary infertility for 5 years. The male had operation
and chemotherapy of stomach cancer five years ago. After operation and
chemotherapy,the male made the treatment on immunotherapy until today.
In this treatment, andriol and aescuven forte was given. The total
treatment were fourteen months. Semen, blood hormone and pregnancy were
detected. Results of the study Six months after treatment, sperm
appeared in the semen（2018-12-13：sperm concentration 3×106/ml，PR
0%）, ICSI was made while ET was failure. 1 year later, the semen was
changed greatly (2019-01-29：sperm concentration 43×106/ml，PR
15%，acrosin 43.1μIU/106), second ICSI was made and TET was failed. In
May,2020, third cycle ICSI was made,frozen embryo was transplanted in
December and in March the wife was conceived for morn than four months.
Conclusions We have discussed and published the medicine treatment of
azoospermia in 2017 while it is the first time to find the relationship
between the spermatogenesis and immunotherapy. Form this case, it could
been concluded that Aescuven Forte with Testosterone Undecanoate is good
for the patient with testicle dysfunction whhile the time of medicine
treatment is better for more than six months. Immunotherapy might be
good for spermatogenesis. FSH is a good for ample in the treatment on
azoospermia.
Integrating disparate datasets to model the functional response of a marine predator: a case study of harbour porpoises in the southern North Sea
Authors: Ransijn Janneke , Hammond Phillip , Leopold Mardik , Sveegaard Signe , Smout Sophie
Published: May 2021

1. Quantifying consumption and prey choice for marine predator species
is key to understanding their interaction with prey species, fisheries,
and the ecosystem as a whole. However, parameterising a functional
response for large predators can be challenging because of the
difficulty in obtaining the required datasets on predator diet and the
availability of multiple prey species. 2. This study modelled a
Multi-Species Functional Response (MSFR) to describe the relationship
between consumption by harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and the
availability of multiple prey species in the southern North Sea.
Bayesian methodology was employed to estimate MSFR parameters and to
incorporate uncertainties in diet and prey availability estimates. Prey
consumption was estimated from stomach contents data of stranded harbour
porpoises. Prey availability to harbour porpoises was estimated based on
the spatial overlap between prey distributions, estimated from fish
survey data, and porpoise foraging range in the days prior to stranding
predicted from telemetry data. 3. Results indicated a strong preference
for sandeel in the study area. Prey switching behaviour (change in
preference dependent on prey abundance) was confirmed by the favoured
Type III functional response model. Variation in the size of the
foraging range (estimated area where harbour porpoises could have
foraged prior to stranding) did not alter the overall pattern of the
results or conclusions. 4. Integrating datasets on prey consumption from
strandings, predator foraging distribution using telemetry and prey
availability from fish surveys into the modelling approach provides a
methodological framework that may be appropriate for fitting MSFRs for
other predators.
“Postoperative Changes in Left Ventricular Systolic Function after Combined Mitral and Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients with Rheumatic Heart Disease” Sang-Mee An, Jae-Sik Nam et al
Authors: Hashmi Fayyaz
Published: May 2021

It is an elegant albeit limited study reporting effects of pre op LVEF
on long term results in patients with RHD undergoing DVR. Study
includes146 pqtients out of 201 who underwent DVR in the study period.
Although all had some improvement immediate post op, those with
preserved EF and smaller left ventricles regardless of type of
prostheses used, surgical techniques ( partial or full Sub-valvular
Apparatus Preservation), had more sustained improvement after 3-4 years
than those with lower EF and more dilation . It can be partially
explained by more prevalence of aortic insufficiency in patients with
pre op lower EF <50 and dilation ( average LVESD 49 mm vs 32
mm in EF >50). There are myocardial factors which also play
a part , those with abnormal LV function have more extensive loss of
myofibrils either due to disproportion of mitochondria-to-myofibril
ratio or myofibrillar degeneration exhibiting the extent RHD involves
myocardium. Structural adaptation may not all be just a result of
hemodynamic abnormalities in these patients (1). The recommendation that
surgical intervention should occur before the LV starts to dilate or EF
drops is well founded and would be impactful in the developing world, an
estimated 250,000 deaths occur annually worldwide and 10.5 million
disability adjusted life years due to RHD, mostly in young people.
THE RISK PREMIUM IN THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET. THE APPLICATION OF ARCH-IN-MEAN MODEL
Authors: Czech Katarzyna
Published: May 2021

Forward premium anomaly is one of the most popular puzzles in the theory of international finance. The phenomenon is explained by, among others, the existence of non-zero risk premium in the foreign exchange market. The paper applies ARCH-in-mean models to assess whether there exists a time-varying risk premium in the USD/PLN and AUD/JPY foreign exchange markets. The results indicate the existence of a non-zero risk premium in the analyzed markets. As far as the USD/PLN is concerned, the risk premium takes negative values when the risk measured by conditional variance rises. The results suggest that when there is a surge in risk, the US dollar’s appreciation and Polish zloty depreciation increases. The results confirm the US dollar as a safe-haven currency that tends to appreciate during high-volatility and crisis periods. Moreover, the study shows that the risk premium in the AUD/JPY market takes positive values when the risk measured by conditional variance rises. It implies that when there is a mount in risk, the appreciation of Japanese yen increases. Furthermore, research results reveal the positive and significant relationship between stock market uncertainty and exchange rates conditional volatility.
ANALYSIS OF THE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POVIATS IN THE MAŁOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP IN TERMS OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTIONS
Authors: Sielska Agata , Nojszewska Ewelina
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the paper is to study the genesis of SARS-CoV-2 infections in poviats in Małopolskie voivodeship from June 29 2020 till September 7 2020. At the beginning of September Małopolskie voivodeship was characterized by one of the highest numbers of confirmed cases of Covid-19 in Poland. It is a region of diversified structure. That fact can be reflected by the results of the study. The paper aims to verify whether the structure of infections is diversified in the region and to analyze the changes of these patters in the studied period.
Quantitative structure-activity relationship modelling of influenza M2 ion channels inhibitors
Authors: Stankova Ivanka , Chayrov Radoslav , Schmidtke Michaela , Danalev Dancho , Ognichenko Liudmila , Artemenko Anatoly , Shapkin Valery , Kuz'min Victor
Published: May 2021

A series of adamantane derivatives (rimantadine and amantadine) incorporating amino-acid residues are investigated by simplex representation of molecular structure (SiRMS) approach in order to found correlation between chemical structures of investigated compounds and obtained data for antiviral activity and cytotoxicity. The obtained data from QSAR analysis show that adamantane derivatives containing amino acids with short aliphatic non-polar residues in the lateral chain will have good antiviral activity against the tested virus A/H3N2, strain Hong Kong/68 with low cytotoxicity. QSAR experiments and in vitro data also show good correlation and reveal that modified adamantine derivatives including guanidated in the lateral chain amino acid and ?-amino acids as substituents show low to none activity.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection as a cause of acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation
Authors: Ivanovic Vladimir , Dabovic Dragana , Petrovic Milovan , Ivanov Igor , Bjelobrk Marija
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is defined as a dissection that has not occurred with atherosclerosis, trauma, or has not developed iatrogenically. Case outline. A 53-year-old man was admitted to the hospital due to chest pain and ischemic electrocardiographical changes. Coronarography was performed and 85% of the stenosis of the first diagonal branch (D1) was registered. During percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), one drug-eluting was directly implanted into the D1. About three hours after the intervention, the patient developed an acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) and recoronarography was performed. The previously implanted stent in D1 was patent without thrombi. The subocclusive stenosis of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was registered and PCI was performed. After implantation of the stents into the LAD, propagation of dissection towards left circumflex artery (LCx) was creating significant stenosis. Following the registration of the stenosis, PCI was performed on this branch. In order to determine the cause of acute STEMI, intravascular imaging was performed, seven days after last PCI. Optical coherence tomography showed an excellent stent apposition and expansion. In the area under the stents, in the proximal segment of LAD and LCx, showed duplication in the blood vessel wall. This duplication represents an unresorbed intramural hematoma as a consequence of SCAD. Conclusion. When performing coronarography on younger patients, on women in the peripartum and on patients with connective tissue, SCAD disorders should be kept in mind. The use of intravascular imaging could reduce the number of unrecognized SCAD.
Upper extremity sensory training after stroke
Authors: Samardzic Vesna
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Stroke is one of the leading causes for disability worldwide. After stroke, the majority of stroke survivors experience significant arm-hand impairments and a decreased use of the paretic arm and hand in daily life. Tactile sensibility of the hand is essential for identifying objects and for motor performance. Despite important sensory contributions to normal and abnormal movement, research has predominantly focused on motor aspects of stroke recovery. In this paper, we present the effect of sensory stimulation program on arm sensation and motor recovery in subacute stroke. Case outline. In a 65 years old woman the sensibility stimulation program was administered in subacute phase of post-stroke rehabilitation, six weeks after stroke, involving active and passive somatosensory intervention, motor control, coordination, strength and balance exercises. The rehabilitation protocol was applied for four weeks, five times a week. On discharge, the results of physiotherapy assessment showed full recovery of her right arm and hand. Conclusion. This case report shows that precise assessment, problems identification and problem oriented somatosensory interventions can improve, in a short time, functional motor performance of the arm involved in rehabilitation after stroke.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution`s impact on dentistry
Authors: Stamenkovic Dragoslav , Obradovic-Djuricic Kosovka , Stamenkovic Dejan , Grbovic Aleksandar , Djordjevic Igor
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Even the greatest visionaries could not have guessed at what speed the profession and science of dentistry would accept the concept of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In terms of its scale and complexity, this transformation has been greater than any known before and it has been described in the literature as Dentistry 4.0. The digital revolution in dentistry has allowed for nearly all clinical and laboratory procedures to be supported by digital technologies. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of Industry 4.0 in the profession of dentistry and identify its research status today and in the future. Methods. An electronic search of Medline literature was performed via PubMed and Google Scholar databases with the terms ?fourth industrial revolution,? ?digital dentistry,? ?dentistry 4.0,? ?CAD-CAM.? The option ?related articles? was also utilized as well as an additional manual search of review articles and the most relevant papers. Results. The paper describes the most frequently used diagnostic and therapeutic procedures supported by digital technologies. Conclusion. The sophisticated technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution have led to more rapid and precise diagnoses of oral diseases. Clinical procedures have become easier, more precise and predictable to the dentist, and more comfortable to the patient. The long-term benefits also include financial savings and environmental protection.
Is transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic biopsy necessary after PI-RADS 4 is targeted?
Authors: Kim Hyun Soo , Park Byung Kwan
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Target biopsy is usually performed in Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) 4. Still, it is unclear if adding systematic biopsy to target biopsy influences cancer detection. The aim was to assess the role of systematic biopsy for detecting significant cancer after PI-RADS 4 is targeted.Methods: Between March 2014 and November 2018, 182 men with PI-RADS 4 underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsy. Systematic biopsy was added to target biopsy in 128 men (Group I) by May 2018 because PI-RADS 4 was not completely visible on TRUS, while it was done in 54 men (Group II) from June 2018 regardless of lesion visibility. Significant cancer detection rates (CDRs) were compared between the groups regarding target and systematic biopsies. Major complication rate was also compared. Significant cancer was defined as a Gleason score ≥7 tumor. Standard reference was biopsy examination. Fisher’s exact were used for statistical analysis.Results: The significant CDRs were 21.9% (28/128) in the Group I and 38.9% (21/54) in the Group II (P= 0.0273). The significant cancers of Group I and II were missed in two (1.6%) and in one (1.9%) by target biopsy, respectively. Major complication rates of these groups were 0.8% (1/128) and 0% (0/54), respectively (P= 0.999).Conclusion: Systematic biopsy should be added to target biopsy even though PI-RADS 4 is clearly visible on ultrasound. A significant number of significant cancers are detected with systematic biopsy.
Estimates of drug treated diabetes incidence and prevalence using Australian administrative pharmaceutical data
Authors: Purkiss Shaun Francis , Keegel Tessa , Vally Hassan , Wollersheim Dennis
Published: May 2021

IntroductionThe incidence and prevalence of diabetes within a population are important public health metrics. Pharmaceutical administrative data may offer a resource that can contribute to quantifying these measures using the recorded signals derived from the drugs used to treat people with diabetes.
ObjectiveTo estimate the longitudinal incidence and prevalence of drug treated (DT) diabetes in Australia utilising an Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) dataset and compare estimates with community survey data for all diabetes reported in the Australian National Health Survey (NHS).
MethodsPersons with DT diabetes were identified within the PBS dataset using assigned Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical codes for `Drugs used in diabetes'. Prevalent persons with DT diabetes were determined by a single annual treatment, and incident cases from the earliest treatment with diabetes medications. Counts were aggregated by age group and utilised Australian national census data as a denominator to calculate diabetes disease frequencies for the period 2004--14. Comparison of PBS prevalence data was made with NHS surveys over equivalent years.
ResultsThe age adjusted incidence of DT diabetes was 3.4/1000 in 2006 and increased to 3.8/1000 in 2011 and 5.1/1000 in 2014. Age adjusted prevalence of DT diabetes in Australia also rose from 26.7/1000 in 2006 to 32.1/1000 in 2011 and 42.1/1000 in 2014. DT diabetes prevalence estimates correlated with NHS estimates of self-reported diabetes prevalence across age groups and in 2014 was r = 0.987. However, PBS estimates of DT diabetes prevalence generally underestimated NHS values of self-reported diabetes in older age groups with mean percentage differences of -22% to -3%. In contrast, PBS data captured more younger persons with diabetes in comparison to NHS data. These differences were then used to adjust DT diabetes incidence rates to provide age specific estimates that could potentially reflect diabetes incidence estimates acquired by community survey.
ConclusionsPBS data representing dispensed medications prescribed to persons with diabetes offers a perspective for the assessment of diabetes incidence and prevalence. PBS derived DT diabetes prevalence estimates correlate well with community survey estimates of self-reported diabetes, but underestimate NHS data in older age groups. Calibrated DT incidence estimates may potentially reflect community survey derived diabetes incidence estimates and may offer a method for longitudinal monitoring.
Walking Wales: Exploring the experiences of people who walk the Wales Coast Path
Authors:   , Jones Amy
Published: May 2021

At the heart of the thesis is the issue of mobility and how the Wales Coast Path has enabled mobility along the entirety of the Welsh coastline. The creation of the Wales Coast Path has afforded an opportunity unlike any other; to explore what it means for walkers to be able to walk the coastline of an entire nation. This thesis focuses on the physical act of walking the Wales Coast Path. Investigating ways in which experiences of the Wales Coast Path are understood, felt and sensed through the bodily actions and performances of walking. The thesis draws upon the data collected whilst walking with, interviewing and experiencing 41 walks along the Wales Coast Path. It shows that using a ‘walking and talking’ method has accessed data which would otherwise have been left untapped, and that this choice of methodology enables the researcher to access the knowledge of people-in-places where meaning is accessed and produced. The thesis acknowledges that knowledge is born through immediate experience and people gain understanding from their lived everyday involvement in the world, through activities such as walking. It shows that sometimes, it is necessary to see, hear, smell, experience or feel a place in order to communicate it to others and to make sense of it. The thesis considers what it means for walkers to be able to walk the entire coast of Wales and what this accomplishment means to their identities, as walkers, and how it influenced their Welsh identities. The research explores how being able to walk the coast of Wales facilitates a sense of cultural attachment and belonging to Wales; to others who walk the Wales Coast Path; and to Welsh identity. The thesis discusses the more-than-human aspects of walking the Wales Coast Path, focusing on an overriding theme which has affected the experiences of the walkers on the Wales Coast Path arguably more than any other. That is, the influence held over the walkers by the Wales Coast Path sign and the range of emotions and sensations generated through its encounter or lack of encounter. The sign is discussed as relational. It is shown how it has been imperative to people’s experiences and how it doesn’t have a fixed influence but changes in accordance with a particular moment in time on the Wales Coast Path.
A Study on Civil Aviation Students' Evaluation of their Internship Experiences
Authors: Yavaş Volkan , Macit Armağan , Yeşilay Rüstem Barış
Published: May 2021

Civil aviation is considered as a dynamic and continuously developing sector that requires highly qualified personnel due to its nature. It is critical for the students studying in this field to receive hands-on training as well as theoretical training in universities. Internship is one of the most important tools to meet this need for practical training and to increase the sectoral knowledge and experience of civil aviation students. In this respect, it plays a critical role both in terms of sector representatives' assessment of their potential employees and students' assessment of their future professional field of work. The aim of this study is to evaluate the internship experiences of the students studying in the aviation field, by focusing on the headings of "personal evaluation, internship experience, working environment, and relationship with university". The research was conducted on site at the higher education institutions offering civil aviation education in Turkey by administering a questionnaire to a total of 229 students studying in 5 different aviation departments at 19 universities, and the research hypotheses were tested in this way. A positive and significant correlation was found for 4 of the 5 hypotheses proposed in the study. Overall, the internship satisfaction level of the trainee students who participated in the research was found to be high; however, some key factors were identified to be worthy of consideration to improve the internship experience.
Consequences of Mutations in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (Sars-Cov-2) Genome in Comparison to Other Pathogenic Coronaviruses
Authors: Agabi Yusuf Amuda , Shittu Ismaila , Amagon Kennedy Iliya , Damen James Garba , Kutshik Richard Joseph , Ajima Ukpe , Bukar Bukakata Bayero , Falang Kakjing Dadul , Longdet Ishaya Yohanna , Gomerep Simji Samuel , Davou Stephen Daniel , Kolawole Jacob Adegboyega , Wannang Noel Nen’man
Published: May 2021

Background: Late December 2019, an unknown incidence of Pneumonia was observed among some residents of Wuhan city, China. The disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared as a pandemic by the WHO on the March 11th, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO) has resulted to the death of million people across the globe. Prior to the current COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), two other outbreaks of coronaviruses namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have been experienced within the last few decades. This review looks at the unique characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 to the other coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and its significance(s) in the control strategies including diagnostics.

Materials and Methods: Using the keywords “coronavirus mutation”, “nucleotide substitution”, “coronavirus evolution”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “COVID-19” published literatures on coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2 were retrieved from MEDLINE and reviewed for gaps and current knowledge as it relates to evolution of SARS-CoV-2.

Results: In comparison with seasonal flu, investigations revealed that SARS-CoV-2 mutates less rapidly which provides an edge in the possible development of a long-lasting vaccine to combat the spread of the virus. Though, several mutations in the genome of the virus with dire consequences on the diagnostics have been identified.

Conclusions: The unique importance of mutation as a mechanism of survival for viruses cannot be overemphasized. Several mutations have been observed in SARS-CoV-2 genome whose implications as regards diagnostics and control measures have been highlighted herein.
Occurrence of Mixed Infection of Tick-Borne Haemoparasite of Cattle in Selected Abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Atsuwe T. S. , Amuta E. U. , Imandeh G. N. , Azua E. T.
Published: May 2021

A study on the occurrence of mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite of cattle in selected abattoirs in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Nigeria was carried out. Blood sample were collected randomly from a total of 216 cattle slaughtered at abattoir in both dry and wet season at Wurukum abattoir, Wadata abattoir, Modern Market Abattoir, Cattle Market Abattoir North Bank, Cattle Market North Bank and University of Agriculture cattle farm, Makurdi and analyzed using Microscopic method by thin blood film. Horn method was used to determine the age of the examined cattle and the collected data was analyzed using T-test, p values at ≤ was considered statistically significant. The result showed that the rate of infection was seen to increase progressively in cattle of age 6–7 through age 10–11 with the highest prevalence recorded in age 10–11 in dry season and the lowest percentage of infection recorded in age 2–3 and cattle of age 0–1 showed the highest (27(75.00 %)) rate of infection while age 6–7 showed the lowest rate of infection in wet season. But the difference was not statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05). Male cattle recorded a non statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) higher (53.13 %) occurrence of infection while female recorded a lower occurrence of 50.0 %.

The result of mixed infection revealed the occurrence of Bebesia, Anaplasmamaginal, Anaplasma central and Theileria. 100 % of mixed infection of Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal and Anaplasma central and Anaplasmamaginaloccurred in West African Dwarf cattle and Sokoto gudali respectively. There was no occurrence of mixed infection of Theileria and Anaplasma central across all the examined species of cattle. White Fulani recorded mixed infection of Anaplasma central&Anaplasmamaginal, Bebesia&Anaplasma central and Bebesia&Anaplasmamaginal of 4(30.8 %), 4(30.8 %) and 5(38.5 %) percent respectively.Muturu species did not record any occurrence of mixed infection of tick borne haemoparasite.The result of the study shows that mixed infection of tick-borne haemoparasite infection are very high and common among cattle hence, preferences should be given to inspection of older male cattle and optimal management of all ruminant animals against ticks and tick-borne related infection.
Composition and Radical Scavenging Activity of Essential Oil from Xylopia aethiopica: A New Chemotype Grown in Nigeria
Authors: Owokotomo Ignatius A. , Jabar Jamiu M. , Alabi Omotayo O.
Published: May 2021

Despite its use in traditional medicines, studies on the radical scavenging activity of the essential oils from Xylopia aethopica from Nigeria have not been widely reported in literature. Thus, in this work, fresh fruits of Xylopia aethopica were air dried, ground and extracted through hydro-distillation using Clevenger-type distillation apparatus. The essential oil was analyzed using Gas Chromatographic/Flame Ionization Detection (GC/FID) Technique and confirmed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis. The radical scavenging activity of the essential oil was evaluated in comparison with butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA) through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. A total of Forty-five compounds were detected through the GC/FID and GC/MS analyses of the essential oil of Xylopia aethopica. The major constituents of the essential oil were β-pinene (55.15%), α-thujene (9.23%) and α-eudesmol (8.61%) and α-pinene (6.77%). Other notable constituents were 1, 8-cineole (6.13%), ethyl cinnamate (5.83%) and elemol (5.17%). The methanolic solution of the essential oil showed concentration-dependent scavenging activity on 1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The results of the Scavenging effect of the Xylopia aethopica essential oil compared well with the activity of the commercial radical scavenging agent, Butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA) and this suggests possible uses of the essential oil as sources of natural antioxidants. Data were analyzed using R statistical software.
Was ist dran an der „neuen Sau” des Projektmanagements? Scrum: Auf die Haltung kommt es an!
Authors: Richter Christoph
Published: May 2021

Scrum ist ein Rahmenwerk, das sich zur Umsetzung komplexer Projekte wie z. B. der Entwicklung neuer Produkte eignet. Scrum wird als ein Format des agilen Projektmanagements klassifiziert. Im Zentrum von Scrum steht das Mindset oder die Haltung, die sich mit unternehmerischer Forscherhaltung umschreiben lässt. Diese Haltung ist unternehmerisch, da alle Aktivitäten auf die Lieferung von funktionsfähigen, d. h. für Kunden brauchbare Ergebnisse ausgerichtet sind. Der Prozess ist dabei zeitlich limitiert und folgt Zyklen von Beobachtung, Orientierung, Entscheidung und Handlung. Die Forschermentalität kommt darin zum Tragen, dass die Ergebnisse über einen Ansatz von Versuch und Irrtum erzielt werden. Die für Projekte nach dem klassischen Projektmanagement typische Plandeterminierung entfällt, ohne dass keine Planungen vorgenommen werden. Denn nur wer vorbereitet ist, kann mit dem Zufall als eine Quelle von Erkenntnisgewinnen umgehen.
„Wer macht schon Fehler?!” Warum Lernen im Unternehmen unterschätzt wird
Authors: Kreutter Tobias , Abstein Klaus
Published: May 2021

Fehler macht man nicht, Fehler passieren. Eine Erkenntnis, die zwar marktschreierisch in Unternehmen postuliert wird, hinter der aber oft nicht mehr dahintersteckt als heiße Luft. Jedes Unternehmen hat auf irgendwelchen Strategie- und Marketingfolien solche Sprüche stehen, doch der Blick hinter die Kulissen zeigt oft ein gegenteiliges Bild. Nicht selten ist es dann an den engagierten Mitarbeitenden, die Kultur nach ihren Wünschen zu gestalten; und hier stehen Projektleiter natürlich wie immer, wenn es um Neuerungen geht, mit an vorderster Front. Wenn Sie sich jetzt angesprochen fühlen oder Ihnen diese Situation nicht ganz fremd erscheint, dann haben wir in diesem Artikel ein paar Tipps zusammengefasst, die uns geholfen haben, die Fehler- und Lernkultur zu verbessern.
Einsatz von Smart Speakern im Projektmanagement
Authors: Ilief Petros , Preuss Peter
Published: May 2021

Smart Speaker erfreuen sich zunehmender Beliebtheit und werden häufiger im betrieblichen Umfeld eingesetzt. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, ob diese intelligenten Lautsprecher auch genutzt werden können, um das Projektmanagementoffice bei der Arbeit zu entlasten.
Der grüne Elefant oder warum gutes Projektmanagement unsichtbar ist
Authors: Köhler Jens
Published: May 2021

Die Kolumne „Ehrlich und Priesberg“ möchte mit unterhaltsamen Dialogen rund um das Thema „Mensch – Kommunikation, Verhalten, Entscheidungen“ Denkanstöße für den PM-Alltag geben.
Catégories de consommation de substances et symptômes d’anxiété et de dépression chez les élèves du secondaire au Canada
Authors: Williams Gillian C. , Patte Karen A. , Ferro Mark A. , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Peu d’études ont évalué les habitudes de consommation de substances chez les adolescents canadiens. Cette étude transversale porte sur les catégories de consommation de substances chez les élèves du secondaire au Canada et leurs associations avec l’anxiété et la dépression.

Méthodologie

Cette étude repose sur des données de l’année 6 (2017-2018) de l’étude COMPASS. Les élèves (n = 51 767) ont fait état de leur consommation de substances (alcool, cannabis, cigarettes et cigarettes électroniques) et de leurs symptômes d’anxiété et de dépression. Nous avons utilisé une analyse par classes latentes pour créer les catégories de consommation de substances et une analyse de régression logistique multinomiale pour examiner la manière dont l’anxiété et la dépression étaient associées à l’appartenance à une catégorie.

Résultats

Dans l’ensemble, 40 % des élèves ont indiqué souffrir d’anxiété ou de dépression (50 % des filles et 29 % des garçons) et 60 % des élèves ont fait état d’une consommation de substances (60 % des filles et 61 % des garçons). Nous avons établi trois catégories de consommation de substances : la polyconsommation, la double consommation et la non-consommation. Les plus susceptibles d’appartenir à la catégorie de polyconsommation plutôt qu’à la catégorie de non-consommation étaient les filles souffrant à la fois d’anxiété et de dépression (rapport de cote [RC] = 4,09; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 % : 3,59 à 4,65]), suivies des filles souffrant de dépression uniquement (RC = 2,65; IC à 95 % : 2,31 à 3,04) et des garçons souffrant à la fois d’anxiété et de dépression (RC = 2,48; IC à 95 % : 2,19 à 2,80). La symptomatologie a également été associée à l’appartenance à la catégorie de double consommation, sauf pour les garçons souffrant d’anxiété uniquement (RC = 1,13; IC à 95 % : 0,94 à 1,37).

Conclusion

Les élèves du secondaire au Canada s’adonnent à une double consommation et à une polyconsommation de substances, et on a pu associer l’anxiété et la dépression à ces types de consommation. Les filles affichent une prévalence plus élevée d’anxiété et de dépression et devraient, de ce fait, constituer une priorité en matière de programmation en santé mentale.
EVOLUTION OF TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS
Authors:   Clinic for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Vienna Floridsdorf Clinic, Vienna, Austria, Minkov M. ,   Department of Specialized Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria,   International Reference Center for Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, St. Anna Pediatric Oncology Institute, Vienna, Austria
Published: May 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid neoplasm caused by mutations in proteins in the intracellular signaling MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways. Its rarity, wide range of clinical manifestations, and varied course made it difficult to conduct clinical trials. The use of different stratification systems made it even more difficult to compare the published results. The review attempts to summarize approaches to treatment of LCH in children since the 1960s. Materials and methods of research: searches for original papers in PubMed were performed using combinations of the keywords Langerhans cell histiocytosis, X histiocytosis, pediatrics, children, treatment, and therapy. Only full articles published in English and German languages were included in the review. Conclusion: a combination of vinblastine and prednisolone as an intensive initial phase (6–12 weeks) followed by a less intensive maintenance phase of 12 months is the standard treatment of disseminated LCH. Mortality in multisystem LCH is caused by damage to the organs at risk (hematopoiesis, liver and spleen) and is especially high (up to 60–70%) if the patient does not respond to standard treatment. In the remaining patients, mortality is almost negligible, with the main problems being the recurrence of the disease and its irreversible effects in 50% of the survivors. Although systemic therapy has clearly improved survival in patients with the most severe disease, its role in sustaining disease control and prevention of irreversible consequences in patients with low-risk disease is less obvious.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF LYMPHATIC MALFORMATIONS OF THE HEAD AND NECK AREA IN CHILDREN
Authors:   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia, Oganesyan R.S. , Grachev N.S. ,   National Scientific and Practical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology named after Dmitry Rogachev, Moscow, Russia,   Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

The variety of forms and localizations of lymphatic malformations (LMs) in the head and neck region determine the lack of unified approach to the treatment of this pathology. The surgical approach is divided into minimally invasive sclerotherapy technique, used mainly for macrocystic forms of LM, and classical surgery, which includes a wide range of surgical interventions on organs and structures of the head and neck. A combination of these two methods and planning of surgical staging are the key to success in the treatment of mixed forms of LMs and malformations of complex localizations with extensive distribution.
INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF INFANT HEMANGIOMA
Authors:   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Kotlukova N.P. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Belysheva T.S. ,   N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Valiev T.T. ,   N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Centre, Moscow, Russia, Konstantinova N.K. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Telezhnikova N.D. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia, Lavrova T.R. ,   Z.A. Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia
Published: May 2021

The aim of the study is to find the best approaches to the treatment of infantile hemangiomas (IH). Materials and methods of research: the experience of treatment of pediatric patients with IH of various localization is presented, which was carried out according to the protocol elaborated by the authors. Systemic therapy with propranolol, local therapy, laser therapy were used in the complex of treatment. The age of patients at the beginning of therapy ranged from 1 month up to 4,5 years. Results: in all cases, patients with propranolol treatment showed a quick and stable effect. Even at the time of the selection of the dose of the drug, IH patients began to involute, became paler, less tense. The thickness of the soft tissues in the IH area decreased by 65% compared to the baseline, the number of functioning vessels decreased by 86%. The maximum effect was achieved within the first 6 months from the start of therapy. Clinical case report – a 2,5-year-old child with extensive hemangioma of the right buttock. There was a complex treatment with propranolol, local therapy, laser therapy. The general course of treatment with propranolol was 2 years 8 months. The total number of laser interventions was 6 with the overall effect in the form of maximum regression of residual clinical manifestations of IH. A positive clinical and ultrasound picture was noted, indicating a pronounced involution of IH, and a gradual withdrawal of propranolol was started. Conclusion: the effectiveness of a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to the treatment of extensive complicated IH was demonstrated with the participation of specialists of various disciplines: pediatricians, cardiologists, surgeons, specialists in functional and ultrasound diagnostics, specialists in laser therapy, endocrinologists in a severe premature baby with a large number of somatic problems. The clinical treatment algorithm developed and implemented for patients with IH makes it possible to avoid more aggressive methods of treatment of this pathology and to improve the quality of life of this category of patients. On the basis on the results obtained, indications for laser therapy with a selective pulsed laser were formulated.
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF RECURRENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS IN CHILDREN IN MODERN CONDITIONS: CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
Authors:   Leningrad Oblast Regional Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Slantsy, Slantsevsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia, Barmina N.A. , Korneev Yu.V. ,   Leningrad Oblast Regional Anti-Tuberculosis Dispensary, Slantsy, Slantsevsky District, Leningrad Oblast, Russia
Published: May 2021

The epidemiological situation of tuberculosis (TB) has been improving steadily in recent years however, in the structure of TB patients, there is a high proportion of patients with multidrugresistant/extensively drug-resistant (XDR) pathogens and people with HIV and TB co-infection. As a result, cases of TB disease in children with many risk factors for unfavorable outcome of therapy are recorded, leading to subsequent relapse. the aim of the work was to analyze possible causes of formation and structure of clinical forms of recurrence of TB in children. A retrospective analysis of outpatient cards and medical records of children of residents of the Leningrad region, who had a TB relapse, was carried out. It has been established that in Leningrad Oblast, there were 3 cases of recidivism of TB among children registered from 2011 to 2020. The main risk factor for the development of primary TB was the lack of immunization against TB due to perinatal contact with an HIV-infected mother. The provoking factors of TB relapse were the occurrence of exogenous superinfection of TB, the presence of HIV infection in the child, the presence of large residual changes after primary TB, close contact with a TB patient with an XDR of the causative agent.