bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epinephrine minimizes the use of bipolar coagulation and preserves ovarian reserve in laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Park Eun Young , Hwang Kyu-Hee , Kim Ji-Hee , Lee San-Hui , Park Kyu-Sang , Choi Seong Jin , Cha Seung-Kuy
Published: December 2020

We propose a novel method, the epinephrine compression method (Epi-pledget), as a hemostasis method for ovarian cystectomy. A total of 179 patients undergoing laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy with stripping were randomly allocated into three groups: the bipolar coagulation group, the Epi-pledget group, and the coagulation after Epi-pledget (Epi & Coagulation) group. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and antral follicle count (AFC) by ultrasonography were measured to determine the preservation of ovarian function. To evaluate the postoperative ovarian cellular proliferative activity and tissue damage in a mouse model, we operated on the ovaries of mice with an artificial incision injury and applied two hemostatic methods: coagulation and Epi-pledget. Eight weeks after surgery, the AMH rate significantly decreased in the bipolar coagulation group compared with the Epi-pledget group. The AFC decline rate was also significantly greater in the coagulation group than the Epi-pledget group. Specifically, patients with endometrioma had a significantly greater decline of serum AMH in the coagulation group than the Epi-pledget group. In a histopathological analysis in mice, the Epi-pledget group showed ameliorated fibrotic changes and necrotic findings in the injured lesion compared with the bipolar coagulation group. The Epi-pledget method for ovarian stripping has an additional benefit of maximizing the preservation of the ovarian reserve, especially for the endometriotic ovarian cyst type.
Genomic surveillance of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax cases at the University Hospital in Tegucigalpa, Honduras
Authors: Valdivia Hugo O. , Villena Fredy E. , Lizewski Stephen E. , Garcia Jorge , Alger Jackeline , Bishop Danett K.
Published: December 2020

Malaria continues to be an important health problem in Honduras despite major progress achieved reducing its incidence in the last two decades. In a context of case reduction, continuing surveillance of parasite diversity and drug resistance is an important component to assist effective malaria control strategies and support risk assessments. In this study, we employed next generation sequencing on collectedPlasmodium vivaxandP. falciparumsamples from the Hospital Escuela (University Hospital) in Honduras between 2005 and 2017. Hospital Escuela is the main public health hospital in Honduras and receives suspected malaria cases from endemic regions within the country. The resulting sequencing data was used to assess complexity of infections, parasite population structure, parasite diversity and drug resistance profiling. AllP. vivaxsamples and all autochtonousP. falciparumsamples were monoclonal and presented a low intra population diversity (π = 0.25 and 0.07, respectively). Genotyping of drug resistance markers showed that threeP. falciparumsamples presented the chloroquine resistant haplotype SVMNT onpfcrtr(positions 72–76). Epidemiological data suggested that two of these samples were imported cases from Africa whereas the third one was a local case. Three suspected imported cases (two of which were alsopfcrtmutants) presented the pfmdr1 86Y mutation that further enhances the CQ resistant genotype. No evidence was found for kelch13 artemisinin resistance associated mutations nor parasite genetic background mutations. Discriminant analysis of principal components and phylogenetic analysis showed twoP. vivaxand twoP. falciparumparasite sub-populations with limited recombination between them. It also confirmed the closer relationship of the three imported cases with African strains. Our findings showed that local HondurasP. falciparumstrains do not hold CQ resistance polymorphisms which aligns with clinical data reported by the country and supports the continuity of CQ based treatment in Honduras. In addition, our findings highlight the need of using genomic approaches to provide key information about parasite biology including drug resistance, population structure and HRP2/HRP3 deletions which are becoming relevant as the country move towards elimination.
Author Correction: Parametric dependence of hot electron relaxation timescales on electron-electron and electron-phonon interaction strengths
Authors: Wilson Richard B. , Coh Sinisa
Published: December 2020

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-020-00499-8
Survival prediction in patients with colon adenocarcinoma via multiomics data integration using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Lv Jiudi , Wang Junjie , Shang Xiujuan , Liu Fangfang , Guo Shixun
Published: December 2020

The present study proposed a deep learning (DL) algorithm to predict survival in patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) based on multiomics integration. The survival-sensitive model was constructed using an autoencoder for DL implementation based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data of patients with COAD. The autoencoder framework was compared with PCA, NMF, t-SNE, and univariable Cox-PH model for identifying survival-related features. The prognostic robustness of the inferred survival risk groups was validated using three independent confirmation cohorts. Differential expression analysis, Pearson’s correlation analysis, construction of miRNA–target gene network, and function enrichment analysis were performed. Two risk groups with significant survival differences were identified in TCGA set using the autoencoder-based model (log-rank P-value = 5.51e−07). The autoencoder framework showed superior performance compared with PCA, NMF, t-SNE, and the univariable Cox-PH model based on the C-index, log-rank P-value, and Brier score. The robustness of the classification model was successfully verified in three independent validation sets. There were 1271 differentially expressed genes, 10 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 12 hypermethylated genes between the survival risk groups. Among these, miR-133b and its target genes (GNB4, PTPRZ1, RUNX1T1, EPHA7, GPM6A, BICC1, and ADAMTS5) were used to construct a network. These genes were significantly enriched in ECM–receptor interaction, focal adhesion, PI3K–Akt signaling pathway, and glucose metabolism-related pathways. The risk subgroups obtained through a multiomics data integration pipeline using the DL algorithm had good robustness. miR-133b and its target genes could be potential diagnostic markers. The results would assist in elucidating the possible pathogenesis of COAD.
X-ray flux in SED modelling: An application of X-CIGALE in the XMM-XXL field
Authors: Mountrichas G. , Buat V. , Yang G. , Boquien M. , Burgarella D. , Ciesla L.
Published: November 2020

X-CIGALE is built on the spectral energy distribution (SED) code of CIGALE and implements important new features: the code accounts for obscuring material in the poles of AGNs and has the ability to fit X-ray fluxes. In this work, we used ∼2500 spectroscopic X-ray AGNs from the XMM-XXL-north field and examined the improvements the new features bring to the SED modelling analysis. Based on our results, X-CIGALE successfully connects the X-ray with the UV luminosity in the whole range spanned by our sample (log LX(2−10 keV) = (42−46) erg s−1). The addition of the new features generally improves the efficiency of X-CIGALE in the estimation and characterisation of the AGN component. Classification as type 1 or type 2 based on their inclination angle is improved, especially at redshifts lower than 1. The statistical significance of AGN fraction, fracAGN, measurements is increased, in particular for luminous X-ray sources (LX >  1045 erg s−1). These conclusions hold under the condition that (mid-) IR photometry is available in the SED fitting process. The addition of polar dust increases the AGN fraction and the efficiency of the SED decomposition to detect AGNs among X-ray selected sources. X-CIGALE estimates a strong AGN (fracAGN >  0.3) in more than 90% of the IR-selected AGNs and 75% of X-ray-detected AGNs not selected by IR colour criteria. The latter drops to ∼50% when polar dust is not included. The ability of X-CIGALE to include X-ray information in the SED fitting process can be instrumental in the optimal exploitation of the wealth of data that current (eROSITA) and future (ATHENA) missions will provide us.
Synthesis, Geometry Structure and Properties of N, N’-Carbonic Bis(Piperonylic Acid) Dihydrazide
Authors: Cai Yanhua , Luo Lian , Qiao Jun , Zhao Lisha
Published: December 2020

In this study, N, N’-carbonic bis(piperonylic acid) dihydrazide (BPACH) was synthesized to broaden the category of piperonylic acid derivative and evaluate its influences on the thermal properties of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA). The geometry optimization of BPACH showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital mainly focused on the formed amide group and carbonic dihydrazide, whereas the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital mainly focused on the piperonylic acid, and the orbital energy gap was 0.10418 eV. The differences in melt-crystallization processes of the neat PLLA and PLLA/BPACH samples indicated that the BPACH could provide the effective nucleation site to accelerate the crystallization of PLLA, but the crystallization accelerating effect was still further improved compared to some reported nucleating agents. The melting behaviors of PLLA/BPACH samples after crystallization depended on the crystallization temperatures and heating rates; additionally, the melting processes could also effectively reflect the previous crystallization behaviors.
Study on Glycosylation Modification Technology of Semen Euphorbiae Meal Protein
Authors: Tao Ali , Song Zurong , Feng Xuehua , Hu Bo , You Huan , Xu Mingzhu , Zhang Wenjing
Published: December 2020

In order to improve the solubility, emulsification and foamability of the Semen Euphorbiaee, and to improve the utilization of the Semen Euphorbiae, this experiment used glucose as a sugar source and modified the Semen Euphorbiae protein by wet glycosylation. Using solubility as a judgment index, a single factor test was conducted to optimize the conditions for the glycosylation reaction of the golden gold meal protein. The results showed that the solubility and other functional properties of the golden gold meal protein obtained by glycosylation under the conditions of pH 10.5, temperature 83.5 ° C, and meal protein / glucose mass ratio 1: 1.5 were improved.
Controllable Preparation and the Tribological Properties of Bimetal Oxide ZnxTiyOz
Authors: Cao Wangbo , Gao Dongqiang , Wang Rui
Published: December 2020

The bimetallic oxide films with different contents of Zn and Ti were prepared by magnetron sputtering and the films were annealed at 600°C. The relationship between the structure and properties with different content of elements before and after annealed was comprehensively analyzed. It was found that with the decrease of Zn content, the number of the nuclear inside the film increased and the surface became denser. Therefore, the hardness and bonding strength gradually increased. The friction coefficient and the wear rate of the film were 0.154 and 7.4×10-6 mm3/N/m respectively, due to the formation of ZnTiO3 and ZnO composite phases with lubricity on the surface.
Determination of Residues of two Aminoglycoside antibiotics and five Quinololine antibiotics and Their Metabolites in Penaeus vannamei by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zha Yu-bing , Yang Chun-liang , Lv Yi-zhi , Ye Jian-zhi , Zeng Shao-dong , Wang Xiao-fang , Deng Xiao-hong , Ma Hui-fang , Pan Xiaowei , Lin Li-yun
Published: December 2020

An ultra performance liquid chromatography – electrospray ionization triple-quadruple tandem mass spectrometric(UPLC–ESI MS /MS) method was developed for determining Quinololine antibiotics (Carbadox,, Quinocetone, Mequindox, Olaquindox, Cyadox, Tilmicosin, Tylosin, quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, 3-methylquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid) and aminoglycoside antibiotics(Tilmicosin, Tylosin) residues in Penaeus. vannamei, Samples were extracted with acidified acetonitrile, then cleaned up with hexane. The separation of targets was carried out on a Waters BEH C18 column using acetonitrile and 0. 1% fomicacid as mobile phase. Analyte identification and quantification were performed by MS/MS under multiple-reaction monitering(MRM) mode with the external standard method. The results showed that there were good linear relationships between peak area and concentrations of nine targets in the range of 2.5 ~ 50 μg/L, with correlation coefficients more than 0. 999 and The limits of detection(LOD) were in the range of 0. 1 ~ 0.9 μg/kg. the recoveries ranged from 80.2% ~ 94.0%, with RSDs of 1.7%~8.4%. The method is simple, accurate and precise, and It could satisfy the requirement of mass and fast analysis in the laborator.
Research Progress on Aluminum-based Composites and Applications
Authors: Hu Jinxin
Published: December 2020

People propose higher and higher demands for lightweight materials due to the increasing shortage of metals and energy sources. Since traditional aluminum alloy materials cannot meet demands any more, aluminum-based composites attracted high research attentions in recent years because of the excellent mechanical properties and low density. Silicon carbide (SiC) reinforced aluminum-based composite and carbon nanomaterial reinforced aluminum-based composite are two aluminum-based composites which are used mostly in existing associated studies. The former one has a long research history and it has been applied to aerospace, war industry and automobile field to some extent. The later one is an emerging material that is hardly applied yet. This study is going to introduce research progresses and applications of SiC reinforced aluminum-based composite and carbon nanomaterial reinforced aluminum-based composite.
Study on Seismic Behaviors of the Pagoda in Songyue Temple
Authors: Ma Shaochun , Li Lianghui , Bao Peng
Published: December 2020

The dynamic properties and anti-earthquake behaviors of Pagoda in Songyue Temple was studied by numerical simulation method. Firstly, based on the its contexture, the equivalent model reflecting the force transfer mechanism is established. Secondly, by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the computational model, the vibration modes, natural vibration frequency and natural period of vibration are measured. The correctness of the model verified by comparing the theoretical calculation results and the simulation results. Lastly, the seismic behaviors of the Pagoda in Songyue Temple was evaluated according to the elastic spectrum analysis and time-history analysis results and related data. The results show that: the stiffness is uniformly distributed and the seismic performance is good enough. Under the action of earthquake force, it is easy to produce tension rupture and the tacha, the pagoda body without section change, as weak link of the structure, need to focus on.
Research on Key Technologies and Scenario Application of Emerging Business under the Energy Internet
Authors: Wang Yongli , Zhao Zihao , Huo Huijuan , Zhang Danyang , Zhu Jinrong , Qi Chengyuan
Published: December 2020

This paper has been formally retracted at the author’s request. Requestapproved by the proceedings Editor and the Publisher on September 13, 2022.
Research on Key Technologies of Mode Multiplexing / Demultiplexing
Authors: Zhiyao Su
Published: December 2020

The rapid growth of Internet capacity has driven the continuous progress of optical fiber communication technology. The transmission capacity of the current optical fiber communication system is close to the limit of single-mode optical fiber transmission. The mode-division multiplexing technology based on few-mode optical fiber can increase the communication capacity exponentially, which is the current research hotspot. Mode multiplexing and demultiplexing are one of the key technologies to realize modular division multiplexing. This paper expounds the existing mode multiplexing / demultiplexing schemes and their corresponding research progress, and discusses the current problems and future development application prospects of optical fiber communication module division multiplexing technologies.
The method for water body information extraction in complex environment using GF-1 WFV images
Authors: Chen Chao , Wang Liyan , Chu Yanli , He Xinyue
Published: December 2020

Water body is one of the most active and important earth resources, and which has a profound impact on the natural system and human society. In order to acquire surface water body information quickly, accurately and efficiently, the method of water body information extraction using remote sensing imagery has attracted the attention of many searchers. On the basis of sorting out relevant research results of water body information extraction using remote sensing imagery, this paper proposed the method of water body information extraction based on the tasseled cap transformation for complex environments such as shadow and dense vegetation. First, radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction were carried out for remote sensing images. Then, the tasseled cap transformation was performed to obtain the greenness component and wetness component. Finally, the model of water body information extraction based on the tasseled cap transformation was constructed, and the water body information was extracted. In a region of Hunan province, China, the experiment using GF-1 WFV remote sensing image shows that the extracted water body information has a clear boundary and complete shape, and the Kappa coefficient, overall accuracy and user accuracy are 0.89, 92.72%, and 88.04%, respectively.
Research and test on anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology of downhole injection tools of Dagang Southern Oil Field
Authors: Hu Nan , Yang Haichao , Wei Haitao , Li Wenjuan
Published: December 2020

Every year, water well inspection operations accounted for 27.3% of the total water well operations due to corrosion and scaling of downhole injection tools in the Dagang Southern Oil Field, which seriously affects the validity period of the injection string and the effect of the injection, greatly increasing the production cost. Therefore, through the research and experiment of anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technologies such as 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N dual-phase steel material, TiN coating, Ni-W-P coating and Ni-W-P-nSiO2 composite coating, a new type of anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology for downhole injectiong tools has been developed. The field test results show that under the premise of ensuring the mechanical performance of the tools, the average corrosion rate of the supporting tools using the new anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology is 0.0048mm/a, which is far lower than the industry standard 0.076mm/a. The successful test of this technology is of great significance to increase the effective period of the southern oilfield split injection and reduce production costs.
Application of Energy-saving New Materials in Construction Engineering
Authors: Zhang Qi
Published: December 2020

Energy-saving new materials and new technologies are conducive to energy conservation. Alleviating the current energy crisis we need to face will help improve the quality of life of the people. In this article, the author mainly discusses the application of new energy-saving materials in construction engineering.
Numerical investigation of natural convection with the presence of surface roughness or complex geometries
Authors: GHEDHAB Mohamed Elamine , EL ABBASSI Ikram , ABSI Rafik , MELINGE Yannick
Published: December 2020

This paper represents a numerical study of mixed convection conduction in enclosed two- dimensional square cavity differentially heated. Complex geometries are designed on a vertical partitioned wall, those geometries are applied to building facades aiming to improve the overall energy performance of the building. Our numerical results are based on the resolution of coupled momentum and energy equations using Ansys Fluent. Numerical study has been performed for different values of the Rayleigh number. Triangular geometry element will be considered in the middle wall. Finally, temperature profile and streamlines will be analyzed to examine the influence of this studied shape.
Numerical study of the coupled natural convection with surface radiation in a cylindrical annular enclosure
Authors: MEDEBBER Mohamed Amine , AISSA Abderrahmane , OULD SAID Belkacem , RETIEL Noureddine , EL GANAOUI Mohammed
Published: December 2020

The interaction of natural convection with thermal radiation of black surfaces in a cylindrical enclosure filled with air has been numerically investigated. The steady-state continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations were discretized using the control volume method and solved numerically via the SIMPLER algorithm. Effects of Rayleigh number (Ra), wall emissivity (εp) and height ratio parameter (X) are studied. The result shows that surface radiation significantly altered the temperature distribution and the flow patterns, especially at higher Rayleigh numbers. The total average Nusselt number has also been discussed for valuating heat transfer through the enclosure.
Thermal-electrical analogy and inertia for thermal performance of building envelops
Authors: Absi Rafik , Marchandon Stéphane , Bennacer Rachid
Published: December 2020

For transient thermal performance of building envelops adequate parameters are needed to capture the time lag and decrement factor. It is surprising that, in the formal electrical analogy, "inertia" is not represented by same components in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. In Windkessel model for fluid flow in elastic tubes, the fluid inertia is represented by an electrical inductance while in thermal-electric analogy, thermal inertia is given by a capacitance. Some authors argued that the terminology of ''thermal inertia'' is used incorrectly in the literature. The aim of our communication is to provide some clarification about this controversy. We will show that the thermal effusivity which is the geometric mean of thermal conductivity and volumetric heat capacity plays the role of a "thermal mass". The revisited notion of inertia in mechanics will allow to show the analogy between: mechanical inertia (mass), thermal effusivity and electrical inductance. The three parameters show a tendency to keep invariant a certain physical quantity: velocity, temperature and current intensity respectively. However, the analogy is not complete, the capacitance used in the heat transfer seems to be similar to the one used in the Windkessel model which accounts for tube compliance and therefore to a local storage.
Vorgehen und Behandlungsoptionen bei supraventrikulären Tachykardien
Authors: Boehmer Andreas A. , Rothe Moritz , Soether Christina M. , Kaess Bernhard M. , Ehrlich Joachim R.
Published: November 2020

Was ist neu?

Klinische Merkmale Supraventrikuläre Tachykardien imponieren klinisch oft als symptomatische tachykarde Episoden mit atrialen Frequenzen > 100 Schlägen/Minute. Neben der Anamnese ist die Aufzeichnung eines 12-Kanal-EKGs während der Tachykardie entscheidend.

Diagnostisches Vorgehen Die aktuelle Leitlinie (Europäische Gesellschaft für Kardiologie, 2019) zum Management supraventrikulärer Tachykardien (SVT) trägt der Weiterentwicklung elektrophysiologischer Untersuchungs- und Ablationsmöglichkeiten seit Publikation der letzten Leitlinie von 2003 Rechnung. Insgesamt legt die Leitlinie ein starkes Augenmerk auf das korrekte Management und Erkennen von SVT im klinischen Alltag und geht nicht auf detaillierte elektrophysiologische Untersuchungs- und Behandlungsformen ein.

Indikationen der Katheterablation oder einer medikamentösen Therapie Mit der aktuellen Leitlinie erfolgt eine deutliche Aufwertung der Ablationstherapie gegenüber der medikamentösen antiarrhythmischen Therapie. Patienten mit AV-Knoten-Reentry-Tachykardie (AVNRT), Reentry- und fokalen Arrhythmien sollte die Katheterablation als erste Wahl angeboten werden. Auch die Behandlung der Tachykardiomyopathie fokussiert nunmehr primär die Ablationstherapie. Weiterhin wird die Therapie von SVT während der Schwangerschaft abgebildet und bei Notwendigkeit einer Ablation während dieser gilt die eindeutige Empfehlung zur Anwendung fluoroskopiefreier 3-D-Mappingsysteme.
Stationäre Rehabilitation nach allogener Stammzelltransplantation – Rahmenempfehlungen zur Qualitätssicherung
Authors: Ayuk Francis , Bachmann Bettina , Collier Gerhard , Hilgendorf Inken , Kalusche Eva-Maria , Kiefer-Trendelenburg Thomas , Krauth Konstantin , Kröger Nicolaus , Lotze Christian , Lellek Heinrich , Mumm Andreas , Orth Hans-Bernd , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Schmitz Jörg , Schwerdtfeger Rainer , Steimann Monika , Stehr Waltraud , Stöcklein Eva-Maria , Strohscheer Imke , Uhrig Michael
Published: December 2020

Die medizinische Rehabilitation nach allogener hämatopoetischer Stammzelltransplantation muss die Komplexität der Behandlung und mögliche Nebenwirkungen berücksichtigen. Diese interdisziplinär erarbeiteten Empfehlungen stellen einen Rahmen für die Qualitätssicherung der stationären Rehabilitation dar.
Correction: How cultural evolution can inform the science of science communication—and vice versa
Authors: Bendixen Theiss
Published: December 2020

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-020-00672-y
Crustal fingering facilitates free-gas methane migration through the hydrate stability zone
Authors: Fu Xiaojing , Jimenez-Martinez Joaquin , Nguyen Thanh Phong , Carey J. William , Viswanathan Hari , Cueto-Felgueroso Luis , Juanes Ruben
Published: December 2020

Significance

Widespread seafloor methane venting has been reported in many regions of the world oceans, challenging our current estimate of global carbon budget. Yet, we still do not fully understand the fundamental mechanisms by which methane gas migrates through the deep marine sediments, feeding these vents. A key challenge is the formation of methane hydrate, an ice-like solid that forms from a methane–water mixture under pressure and temperature conditions typical of deep marine settings. Here, we study the mechanics of gas percolation under hydrate-forming conditions using experiments and computational modeling. We uncover a phenomenon, which we call crustal fingering, that helps explain how, counterintuitively, hydrate formation may facilitate instead of prevent methane gas migration through deep ocean sediments.
Supervenience and Realization: Aesthetic Objects and their Properties
Authors: Watkins Michael
Published: December 2020

Aestheticians generally agree that the aesthetic features of an object depend upon the non-aesthetic features of an object, and that this dependence can be captured by some formulation of the supervenience relation. I argue that the aesthetic depends upon the non-aesthetic in various and importantly different ways; that these dependence relations cannot be explained by supervenience; that appeals to supervenience create puzzles that aestheticians have neither fully appreciated nor resolved; and that appealing to various realization relations avoids these puzzles and allows for a richer description of how the aesthetic depends upon the non-aesthetic.
Wall teichoic acids: physiology and applications
Authors: Wu Xia , Han Jing , Gong Guoli , Koffas Mattheos A G , Zha Jian
Published: December 2020

Wall teichoic acids (WTAs) are charged glycopolymers containing phosphodiester-linked polyol units and represent one of the major components of Gram-positive cell envelope. WTAs have important physiological functions in cell division, gene transfer, surface adhesion, drug resistance and biofilm formation, and are critical virulence factors and vital determinants in mediating cell interaction with and tolerance to environmental factors. Here, we first briefly introduce WTA structure, biosynthesis and its regulation, and then summarize in detail four major physiological roles played by WTAs, i.e. WTA-mediated resistance to antimicrobials, virulence to mammalian cells, interaction with bacteriolytic enzymes and regulation of cell metabolism. We also review the applications of WTAs in these fields that are closely related to the human society, including antibacterial drug discovery targeting WTA biosynthesis, development of vaccines and antibodies regarding WTA-mediated pathogenicity, specific and sensitive detection of pathogens in food using WTAs as a surface epitope and regulation of WTA-related pathways for efficient microbial production of useful compounds. We also point out major problems remaining in these fields, and discuss some possible directions in the future exploration of WTA physiology and applications.
On Uniqueness of ℙ-Twists
Authors: Anno Rina , Logvinenko Timothy
Published: December 2020

We prove that for any $\mathbb{P}^n$-functor all the convolutions (double cones) of the three-term complex $FHR \xrightarrow{\psi } FR \xrightarrow{{\operatorname{{\epsilon }}}} {\operatorname{Id}}$ defining its $\mathbb{P}$-twist are isomorphic. We also introduce a new notion of a non-split $\mathbb{P}^n$-functor.
Gene Fusion Identification Using Anchor-Based Multiplex PCR and Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Cheng Yu-Wei , Meyer Anders , Jakubowski Maureen A , Keenan Sean O , Brock Jay E , Azzato Elizabeth M , Weindel Michael , Farkas Daniel H , Rubin Brian P
Published: December 2020

Background

Methods for identifying gene fusion events, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and transcriptome analysis, are either single gene approaches or require bioinformatics expertise not generally available in clinical laboratories. We analytically validated a customized next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel targeting fusion events in 34 genes involving soft-tissue sarcomas.

Methods

Specimens included 87 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues with known gene fusion status. Isolated total nucleic acid was used to identify fusion events at the RNA level. The potential fusions were targeted by gene-specific primers, followed by primer extension and nested PCR to enrich for fusion candidates with subsequent bioinformatics analysis.

Results

The study generated results using the following quality metrics for fusion detection: (a) ≥100 ng total nucleic acid, (b) RNA average unique start sites per gene-specific primer control ≥10, (c) quantitative PCR assessing input RNA quality had a crossing point <30, (d) total RNA percentage ≥30%, and (e) total sequencing fragments ≥500 000.

Conclusions

The test validation study demonstrated analytical sensitivity of 98.7% and analytical specificity of 90.0%. The NGS-based panel generated highly concordant results compared to alternative testing methods.
213 Distribution of subjectively evaluated conformation traits in commercial growing replacement gilts
Authors: Moeller Grace A , Abell Courtney L , Somrack Tom P , Herring William O , Holl Justin W , Stalder Kenneth J
Published: November 2020

Feet and leg/locomotor issues represent a primary reason for sow removal from U.S. breeding herds. A shift from gestation stalls (GS) to group-sow housing (GSH) is occurring the U.S. swine industry, emphasizing the importance of structural soundness in replacement gilts. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine if feet and leg/body conformation score differences exist when evaluated at approximately 50 kgs. and 100 kgs.; 2) estimate subjectively scored feet and leg/body conformation trait repeatability within and across measurement time and scorer(s); and 3) determine if the ideal feet and leg conformation traits and scores within traits are the same within GS and GSH. A total of 4494 gilts were evaluated at approximately 22 weeks of age at 3 different farms within the same production system by 4 scorers, representing varying levels of experience. The conformation traits evaluated included locomotion score (LS), front and rear leg conformation (FLC and RLC), front and rear pastern angle (FP and RP), front and rear foot position (FFP and RFP), rib shape (RS), foot size (FS) and toe size (TS). Across farms, the mean gilt BW was 83 ± 11.5 kg. Across scorers and the entire gilt population, the mean conformation scores were: LS (0.06 ± 0.16), FLC (6.1 ± 0.54), RLC (5.4 ± 0.40), FP (3.6 ± 0.62), RP (4.0 ± 0.64), FFP (4.4 ± 0.31), RFP (4.1 ± 0.30), RS (4.3 ± 0.72), FS (2.0 ± 0.35) and TS (4.8 ± 0.61). The entire gilt population was divided amongst four individual sow herds (2 GS and 2 GSH). Sow performance will be followed for three parities to determine the relationship between production and longevity within gestation housing systems and determine if the relationships are associated with one or more conformation traits and/or differences in scores within each conformation trait.
195 Nutritional Influences on Brain and Cognitive Development
Authors: Dilger Ryan N
Published: November 2020

Nutrient ingestion during the prenatal and early-postnatal periods has profound effects on the developing brain and serves to shape the behaviors of young pigs. The pig is a versatile animal model for research in both the agriculture and human clinical realms, largely based on similarities in patterns of structural brain development between these species. Validated and sensitive neuroimaging techniques and assays for testing specific behaviors exist for the pig. While these readouts refer to cognitive performance indicators in the human context, the same behavioral measurements may refer to welfare states in animal agriculture. Recent nutrition studies, including those involving interactions with the intestinal microbiota, confirm the importance of early-life ingestion of iron, choline, milk-derived components, and even non-digestible fiber sources in shaping pig brain development and behaviors. Importantly, dietary patterns of the young pig can either support or hinder brain development and associated behaviors relative to age-matched controls. There are many advantages to translating evidence from pediatric nutrition research to animal agriculture by integrating outcomes related to the microbiota, gut-brain axis, and processes associated with cognitive function and brain development. Thus, studying the relationship between nutrition and neurodevelopment should be considered as an essential part of swine production.
38 Effects of combining nose flap weaning with short-term creep feeding of beef calves on cow and calf performance
Authors: Tjardes Kendi , Lippolis Katy
Published: November 2020

One hundred four Angus calves were ranked by gender, BW, age, and dam parity, and assigned to 1 of 4 pre-weaning treatments: 1) nose flaps for 7-d prior to weaning (NF), 2) traditional weaning (TRAD), 3) traditional weaning and creep feed for 3-wk prior to weaning (TRADC), or 4) nose flaps for 7-d prior to weaning and creep feed for 3-wk prior to weaning (NFC). Cow-calf pairs were housed in dry lot pens on d -28. From d -21 to 0, calves in creep treatments were provided free choice access to creep feed. Nose flaps were placed on d -7, and calves were weaned on d 0. Calves were vaccinated and dewormed on d -21 and 0. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.97) in calf BW on d -28 or -21. During the 7-d period that nose flaps were placed, NFC calves had greater (P ≤ 0.0001) ADG than NF and TRAD calves, and tended to have greater (P ≤ 0.10) ADG than TRADC calves. At weaning on d 0, TRADC and NFC calves tended to have greater BW (P = 0.07) and had greater overall change in BW (P < 0.0001) during the pre-weaning period than TRAD and NF calves. Additionally, there was a greater (P ≤ 0.001) increase in BW of NFC and TRADC cows during the pre-weaning period compared to NF and TRAD cows. From d -21 to 0 there was no differences (P > 0.41) in plasma concentrations for Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVD). By d 14, the TRADC calves had the greatest plasma concentrations for BVD (P < 0.04). Therefore, providing short-term creep feed prior to placing nose flaps can improve pre-weaning calf and cow performance compared to traditional and nose flap weaning without creep feed supplementation, however, did not improve response to vaccination.
168 Nursery diets formulated with deoxynivalenol-contaminated corn reduced growth performance but did not modulate the cutaneous hypersensitivity response to ovalbumin or candida albicans
Authors: Lariviere Elise Lafleur , Zhu Cuilan , Zettell Sabrina , Patterson Rob , Huber Lee-Anne
Published: November 2020

A total of 144 newly weaned pigs (21 days of age) were used to determine the effect of deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated corn, with or without NutraMix™ supplementation, on growth performance and indices of immune system functionality during the nursery period. Pigs were randomly allocated to 24 pens of six pigs and assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments according to a 2X2 factorial design (n=6); treatments were fed for the 43±1-day nursery period in three phases (phases I, II, and III fed for 8, 14, and 21±1 days, respectively). The factors were clean or DON-contaminated corn and with (2 g/kg in complete diet) or without NutraMix™ supplementation. The DON diets were formulated to ensure a step-up in DON concentration for each phase (3, 4, and 5 ppm in phases I, II, and III, respectively; analyzed concentrations were 3, 3 and 4 ppm). Individual pig body weights and per pen feed intake were recorded weekly. Two pigs per pen were vaccinated against ovalbumin and candida albicans to measure humoral and cell-mediated immune responses by the cutaneous hypersensitivity response test. The ADG (600 vs 693±28 g) and ADFI (979 vs 1110±51 g) in phase III and final BW (25.2 vs 27.1±0.9 kg) were reduced for pigs fed contaminated corn (P< 0.005, P=0.088, and P< 0.05, respectively). NutraMix™ supplementation tended (P=0.086) to improve ADFI (181 vs 142±14 g) in the first week after weaning. All pigs responded to both ovalbumin and candida albicans during the cutaneous hypersensitivity response (P< 0.05), but DON nor NutraMix™ influenced the response. The DON-contaminated diets had the greatest impact on pig growth performance during phase III and when DON concentration was 4 ppm, with no modulation of the cutaneous hypersensitivity response. NutraMix™ supplementation during the early weaning period may be a means to stimulate nursery pig feed intake.
202 Determining the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs from 29- to 129-kg
Authors: Kitt Steve J , Cast Wayne , Hover Mark , Vier Carine , Sievers Chris , Lu Ning , Betlach Alyssa , Hamilton Dan , Kiehne Ross , Orlando Uislei
Published: November 2020

Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 1,013 barrows and gilts (PIC337×Camborough, initially 29.2±0.21 kg) were used in a 112-d growth trial with 25 or 26 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment in a randomized complete block design. Diets were corn-soybean meal (SBM)-dried distillers grains with solubles-based, and treatments were achieved through the inclusion of SBM at the expense of corn. Diets were fed in 6 phases and formulated to be iso-caloric within each phase. Treatments consisted of: 1) Low Lys: overall dietary SID Lys levels as 87% of PIC2016 Lys requirement; 2) Medium Lys: overall dietary SID Lys levels as 97% of PIC2016 Lys requirement; 3) High Lys: overall dietary SID Lys levels as 106% of PIC2016 Lys requirement. Experimental data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Pigs fed High or Medium Lys had greater (P< 0.01) average daily gain compared to pigs fed Low Lys. There was no evidence (P >0.10) for the difference between treatments for average daily feed intake. Pigs fed High Lys had the greatest (P< 0.01) feed efficiency (G:F) followed by Medium Lys, with pigs fed Low Lys with the lowest G:F. Pigs fed High or Medium Lys had greater (P< 0.01) hot carcass weight, loin depth, and lean percentage compared to pigs fed Low Lys. There was no evidence (P >0.10) for treatment effect on carcass yield and backfat. Pigs fed Low Lys had greater removal and mortality rate than those fed High or Medium Lys (P< 0.01). In conclusion, increasing SID Lys over PIC2016 recommendations through increasing SBM levels resulted in increased growth performance and carcass characteristics, and reduced removal and mortality rate of 29- to- 129 kg pigs.
177 Effect of supplementing a fatty acid-based product, Monomix, or pharmacological levels of zinc oxide on growth performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Batson Kelsey L , Thomas Lori , Woodworth Jason C , Tokach Mike D , Goodband Robert D , Dritz Steve S , DeRouchey Joel M , Bryte Jim
Published: November 2020

Trials suggest short and medium chain fatty acids can be used as alternatives for ZnO; however, US studies are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a short and medium chain fatty acid product (Monomix, Quality Technology International, Inc., Elgin, IL) added alone or in combination with pharmacological levels of ZnO on nursery pig performance. A total of 354 pigs (DNA 200×400, initial BW=5.9 kg) were randomized to pens (5 pigs/pen) and pens were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments with 18 replicates/treatment. Treatments were arranged in a 2×2 factorial with main effects of added ZnO (0 vs. 3,000/2,000/0 ppm of Zn in phases 1, 2, and 3 respectively) and Monomix (0 vs. 0.4% in phases 1, 2, and 3). Treatment diets were formulated in three phases fed from d 0 to 7, 7 to 18, and 18 to 35 post-weaning with all diets containing 110 ppm Zn from the trace mineral premix. Data were analyzed as completely randomized design using the PROC GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit. No ZnO × Monomix interactions (P=0.399) were observed. Feeding Monomix decreased ADFI (P=0.002) and ADG (P=0.012) from d 0 to 7, resulting in decreased d 7 BW (P=0.015) but there was no evidence for other differences. Feeding ZnO from d 0 to 7 and 7 to 18,increased ADG (P< 0.001), ADFI, and BW, and improved G:F. Overall from d 0 to 35, pigs fed diets with added ZnO in phases 1 and 2 had increased (P< 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and d 35 BW, with no evidence for differences in performance in pigs fed diets with Monomix. The addition of Monomix failed to improve pig performance, whereas pharmacological levels of ZnO improved ADG and ADFI.
284 Effect of formulating diets based on a ratio between STTD Ca and STTD P and the inclusion of phytase on growth performance, plasma Ca and P, and bone ash of pigs from 11 to 130 kg
Authors: Lagos Vanessa , Bedford Mike R , Stein Hans H
Published: November 2020

A 126-d experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the requirement for Ca expressed as a ratio between standardized total tract digestible (STTD) Ca and STTD P obtained in short-term experiments may be applied to pigs fed diets without or with microbial phytase from 11 to 130 kg. In a 5-phase program, 160 pigs (11.2 ± 1.8 kg) were randomly allotted to 32 pens and 4 corn-soybean meal diets in a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 formulation strategies (total Ca or STTD Ca), and 2 phytase levels (0 or 500 units/kg) assuming phytase released 0.11% STTD P and 0.16% total Ca. The STTD Ca:STTD P ratios were 1.40:1, 1.35:1, 1.25:1, 1.18:1, and 1.10:1 for phases 1 to 5. At the conclusion of each phase, weights of pigs and feed left in feeders were recorded and a blood sample from 1 pig per pen was collected. At the end of phases 1 (d 24) and 5, the right femur of 1 pig per pen was collected. Data were analyzed as main effects of formulation strategy and phytase level and their interaction. Phase effect was analyzed by repeated measures. No interactions were observed and formulation strategy and phytase did not impact growth performance, bone ash, or plasma Ca and P on d 24 (Table 1). On d 126, an interaction (P < 0.05) between main effects was observed. Without phytase, pigs fed diets based on total Ca had greater bone ash than STTD Ca pigs, but with phytase, no differences were observed. A negative quadratic effect (P < 0.05) of phase for plasma Ca and P was observed. In conclusion, STTD Ca:STTD P ratios can be used in diet formulation for growing-finishing pigs without affecting growth performance. Phytase ameliorates bone resorption caused by low Ca in STTD Ca diets.
102 Pooled analysis of six large-pen feedlot studies: Non-coated initial and a non-coated terminal implant compared with a single initial and delayed release implant at arrival in feedlot heifers
Authors: Smith Zachary K , Crawford Grant , Nichols Wade , Nuttelman Brandon , Streeter Marshall , Hutcheson John , Amrine David , Renter David
Published: November 2020

Randomized complete block design experiments (n = 6 experiments) were conducted in large-pen feedlot research facilities between 2015 and 2018 comparing an 80 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 8 mg estradiol-17β (E2) initial implant and re-implant with 200 mg TBA and 20 mg E2 protocol (IH/200) to a single 80 mg TBA and 8 mg E2 uncoated; 120 mg TBA and 12 mg E2 coated implant at arrival (XH) on growth and carcass responses in finishing heifers. Experiments occurred in Nebraska, Oklahoma, Washington, and Texas. Similar arrival processing was used across experiments where 17,675 heifers [initial BW = 333 kg SEM (4.1)] were enrolled into 180 pens (90 pens/treatment with 65 to 240 heifers/pen) and fed for 152 to 214 d. Only IH/200 heifers were removed from their pen at re-implant. Diets contained monensin and tylosin, consisted of ingredients common to each region, and contained greater than 90% concentrate. Ractopamine hydrochloride was fed for a minimum of 28 d prior to harvest. Linear mixed-models were used for all analyses; model-adjusted means for each implant group and the corresponding SEM were generated. Distributions of USDA quality (QG) and yield grade (YG) were analyzed for ordinal outcomes. No differences (P ≥ 0.11) were detected for any performance parameters except DMI, where XH had greater (P = 0.02) DMI (9.48 vs. 9.38 ± 0.127 kg) compared with IH/200. Heifers implanted with IH/200 had greater (P ≤ 0.02) HCW by 1.3%, caused by greater dressing percentage, and ribeye area; lesser (P ≤ 0.01) back fat by and calculated YG, while marbling scores were similar (P = 0.74) compared with XH heifers. Distributions of USDA YG and QG were impacted (P ≤ 0.03) by treatment, IH/200 had fewer USDA Prime and YG 4 and 5 carcasses. These data indicate that heifer growth performance did not differ between implants, but HCW and muscling did; IH/200 is suited for grid marketing and XH is suited for heifers sold on a live basis.