bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The murine inhibitory receptor mSiglec‐E is expressed broadly on cells of the innate immune system whereas mSiglec‐F is restricted to eosinophils
Authors: Zhang Jiquan Q. , Biedermann Björn , Nitschke Lars , Crocker Paul R.
Published: March 2004

Murine (m) Siglec‐E and mSiglec‐F are recently discovered murine sialic acid‐binding Ig‐like lectins with tyrosine‐based inhibitory signaling motifs. They are postulated to be the orthologs ofhuman (h) siglec‐7, ‐8 or ‐9 and siglec‐5, respectively. We report here the first detailed characterization of mSiglec‐E, and compare its expression pattern with mSiglec‐F. Similar to hSiglec‐7, mSiglec‐E preferred α2–8‐linked disialic acid over α2–3‐ and α2–6‐linked sialic acids. Using a specific Ab, FACS analysis demonstrated that mSiglec‐E was expressed mainly on neutrophils inblood and their immature precursors in bone marrow. mSiglec‐E was present on peritoneal cavity macrophages and on subsets of mature NK cells and splenic dendritic cells. mSiglec‐E was also found ona novel population of peritoneal cavity B‐1a‐like cells and a subset of splenic B cells enriched in transitional T2 and marginal zone B cells. In striking contrast to mSiglec‐E, mSiglec‐F was expressed predominantly on eosinophils in blood and their precursors in the bone marrow. The distinct and largely non‐overlapping expression profiles of mSiglec‐E and mSiglec‐F suggest that they play non‐redundant roles in the innate immune system. mSiglec‐E is likely to modulate the functions of several types of effector cells, whereas mSiglec‐F is likely to be more restricted to eosinophil biology.
Functional mapping of the FcγRII binding site on human IgG1 by synthetic peptides
Authors: Medgyesi Dávid , Uray Katalin , Sallai Krisztina , Hudecz Ferenc , Koncz Gábor , Abramson Jakub , Pecht Israel , Sármay Gabriella , Gergely János
Published: March 2004

Receptors specific for the Fc part of IgG (FcγR) are expressed by several cell types and play diverse roles in immune responses. Impaired function of the activating and inhibitory FcγRmay result in autoimmunity. Thus, the modulation of IgG‐FcγR interaction can be a target for the development of treatments for some autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This study addresses the localization and functional characterization of linear sequences in human IgG1 which bind to FcγRII. Peptides with overlapping sequences derived from the CH2 domain of human IgG1 between P234 and S298 were synthesized and used in binding and functional experiments. Binding of the peptides to FcγR was assayed in vitro and ex vivo, and peptides foundto interact were functionally tested. The shortest effective peptide was T256–P271, which bound to soluble recombinant FcγRIIb with Kd=6×106 M–1. The biotinylated peptides R255–P271 and T256–P271 complexed by avidin exhibited functional activity; they induced FcγRIIb‐mediated inhibition of the BCR‐triggered Ca2+ response of human Burkitt lymphoma cells, and inflammatory cytokine production (TNF‐α and IL‐6) by the human monocyte cell line MonoMac. In conclusion, our results suggest that the selected peptides functionally represent the FcγRII‐binding part of IgG1.
Recruitment of different subsets of antigen‐presenting cells selectively modulates DNA vaccine‐elicited CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses
Authors: McKay Paul F. , Barouch Dan H. , Santra Sampa , Sumida Shawn M. , Jackson Shawn S. , Gorgone Darci A. , Lifton Michelle A. , Letvin Norman L.
Published: March 2004

The immunogenicity of plasmid DNA vaccines may be limited by the availability of professional antigen‐presenting cells (APC) at the site of inoculation. Here we demonstrate that the types of APC recruited to the injection site can selectively modulate CD4+ or CD8+ T lymphocyte responses elicited by an HIV‐1 Env DNA vaccine in mice. Coadministration of plasmid GM‐CSF with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment of macrophages to the site of inoculation and specifically augmented vaccine‐elicited CD4+ T lymphocyte responses. In contrast, coadministration of plasmid MIP‐1α with the DNA vaccine resulted in the recruitment of dendritic cells to the injection site and enhanced vaccine‐elicited CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. Interestingly, coadministration of both plasmid GM‐CSF and plasmid MIP‐1α with the DNA vaccine recruited both macrophages and dendritic cells and led to a synergistic and sustained augmentation of CD4+and CD8+ T lymphocyte responses. These data demonstrate the critical importance of locally recruited professional APC in determining the magnitude and nature of immune responses elicited by plasmid DNA vaccines. Moreover, these studies show that different subsets of professional APC can selectively modulate DNA vaccine‐elicited T lymphocyte responses.
Mechanism of the Stepwise Dissociation of FeIII Complexes with Tripodal Ligands as Siderophore Models
Authors: Serratrice Guy , Biaso Frédéric , Thomas Fabrice , Béguin Claude
Published: March 2004

The acid hydrolysis and formation kinetics of 1:1 ferric complexes with several tripodal hexadentate ligands were investigated over the [H+] range of 0.02−1.0 M at 25 °C and at an ionic strength of 2.0 M (NaClO4/HClO4). These ligands are based on a tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) spacer connected through a tris(amide) moiety to identical pendant bidentate chelating group arms such as catecholate (TRENCAMS, L3), 8‐hydroxyquinolinate (O‐TRENSOX, L0) or pyridinophenolate (TRENPYPOLS, L5). Mixed ligands with chelating arms such as catecholate and 8‐hydroxyquinolinate (TRENSOX2CAMS, L1 and TRENSOXCAMS2, L2) were also investigated. An analogue of L0 (C‐SOX, L4) with a C‐pivot scaffold instead of TREN was studied for comparison. The acid hydrolysis reaction was found to proceed in four kinetically distinguishable stages. A common mechanism in the series was followed when the ligand structure was varied. The first stage is very fast and can be attributed to the dissociation of one arm of the tripodal ligand. The second and third stages involve protonation of the complex which induces a change of coordination giving the corresponding tetracoordinated bis(salicylate) complex (coordination with carbonyl and o‐hydroxy oxygen atoms). The final dissociation of the ligand proceeds in the fourth stage by one or two kinetically detectable steps. For the last step an important structural effect may be observed from 1.2 × 10−5 to 2.2 × 10−2 s−1 for the proton‐independent step and from 1.2 × 10−6 to 0.18 M−1s−1 for the proton‐dependent step. Differences in the rates and mechanism between the different tripodal ligands are discussed in terms of the global electrostatic charge of the ligand and the donor ability of the chelating subunit. The C−N bond rotation of the amide moiety and the importance, depending on the charge, of the H‐bond network in the partially uncoordinated complexes have also been considered. The role of electrostatics in complex formation is discussed in relation to the Eigen‐Wilkins mechanism. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Structure, Electrochemistry and Hydroformylation Catalytic Activity of the Bis(pyrazolylborato)rhodium(I) Complexes [RhBp(CO)P] [P = P(NC4H4)3, PPh3, PCy3, P(C6H4OMe‐4)3]
Authors: Trzeciak Anna M. , Borak Beata , Ciunik Zbigniew , Ziółkowski Józef J. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: March 2004

Rhodium complexes of formula [RhBp(CO)P] [Bp = bis(pyrazolylborate), P = P(NC4H4)3 1, PPh3 2, PCy3 3, P(C6H4OMe‐4)3 4] have been prepared by exchange of the acetylacetonate (acac−) ligand in [Rh(acac)(CO)P] complexes. The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties as well as X‐ray data of [Rh(acac)(CO)P] and [RhBp(CO)P] complexes have been compared with the aim to estimate the relative donor properties of both anionic ligands (acac− and Bp−). The cyclic voltammetric results indicate that the Bp− ligand behaves as a much stronger electron donor than acac− and a value of the Lever EL ligand parameter identical to that of the pyrazolate ligand (−0.24 V vs. NHE for each coordinating arm) is proposed for the bis‐ and tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands, whereas P(C6H4OMe‐4)3 is also shown to have an identical EL value (0.69 V) to that of P(NC4H4)3. An improved linear relationship between the oxidation potential and the sum of the ligand EL values for square‐planar RhI complexes is also obtained and adjusted values for the Lever SM and IM parameters for the RhI/RhII redox couple are given. The trans influence of phosphanes was not observed in crystals of complexes 2 and 3, in contrast to analogous acetylacetonato complexes in which the Rh−O bonds differ by ca. 0.04−0.06 Å. Complexes 1−4 are very attractive precursors for hydroformylation catalysts and yields of aldehydes of 80−87% have been obtained with all complexes without extra phosphane as co‐catalyst. During the hydroformylation reaction, however, small amounts of a catalytically inactive [RhBp(CO)2] complex were formed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Synthesis and Properties of Zn−Al Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Ferrocenecarboxylate Anions
Authors: Gago Sandra , Pillinger Martyn , Santos Teresa M. , Rocha João , Gonçalves Isabel S.
Published: March 2004

Zn−Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) intercalated by ferrocenecarboxylate (FcCOO) and 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate [Fc(COO)2] anions have been prepared by co‐precipitation from aqueous solution. The Zn/Al ratio in the final materials was in the range of 1.8−1.9. Powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that the material Zn2Al−Fc(COO)2 contains a monolayer of guest anions resulting in a basal spacing of 15.5 Å. The material Zn2Al−FcCOO exhibits a basal spacing of 20.0 Å, consistent with the formation of a bilayer of organometallic guest species. FTIR, FT Raman and 13C MAS NMR spectroscopy confirm the presence of structurally intact ferrocenecarboxylate and 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate anions. The nature of the Al centers in the samples was probed by 1‐ and 2‐D (triple‐quantum) 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy. Thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and by measuring powder XRD patterns at increasing temperatures in the range of 25−450 °C. Up to 160 °C the materials lose interlayer water molecules. Dehydration of Zn2Al−Fc(COO)2 prompts reorientation of the ferrocene guest anions, resulting in the formation of a collapsed phase with an interlayer separation of 12.3 Å. The structural transformation is fully reversible upon hydration. Heat treatment of Zn2Al−FcCOO only resulted in a gradual contraction of the interlayer separation and not the formation of a collapsed phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
A New Family of Low‐Spin CoIII Bis(amidate) Complexes with Two cis or trans Cyanides
Authors: Rotthaus Olaf , LeRoy Sophie , Tomas Alain , Barkigia Kathleen M. , Artaud Isabelle
Published: March 2004

Four low‐spin dicyanodicarboxamidocobalt(III) complexes have been prepared from N,N′‐bis(8‐quinolyl)malonamide derivatives, the malonyl fragment of which was either unsubstituted (Et4N)[Co(BQM)(CN)2] (3a), monosubstituted by a benzyl group (Et4N)[Co(mono‐BenzBQM)(CN)2] (3b), or disubstituted by two benzyl or two phenylethyl groups, (Et4N)[Co(di‐BenzBQM)(CN)2] (3c) and (Et4N)[Co(di‐PhEtBQM)(CN)2] (3d), respectively. The X‐ray crystal structures of 3a and 3c reveal that the tetradentate ligand adopts a helical or a planar configuration around the cobalt centre of 3a and 3c, respectively. Complexes 3a−3d were characterised in solution by 1H NMR spectroscopy by 1D and 2D COSY H‐H techniques. The solid‐state structures of 3a and 3c are retained in solution, and complexes 3b and 3d adopt structures similar to 3a and 3c, respectively, showing that the level of the malonic substitution determines the configuration of the tetradentate ligand around the cobalt centre and forces the cyanide ligands to adopt either cis or trans orientations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
C−C Bond Variation in the 1‐Phenyl‐o‐carborane: Steric versus Electronic Effects
Authors: Glukhov Ivan V. , Antipin Mikhail Yu. , Lyssenko Konstantin A.
Published: March 2004

Using the “Atoms in molecules” topological theory the nature of the Ccarb−Ccarbbond variation in 1‐phenyl‐o‐carborane upon rotation of the phenyl ring was investigated within B3LYP/6‐31G** calculations. Despite the low barrier to the rotation of the phenyl ring, the bond paths linking hydrogen atoms of the phenyl ring and the ones of the carborane cage were found for all conformations. The length of the Ccarb−Ccarbbond increases by 0.031 Å without large energetic inputs due to back‐donation of the π‐density of the phenyl ring to the antibonding Ccarb−Ccarborbital. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Cover Picture: Synthesis and Properties of Zn−Al Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Ferrocenecarboxylate Anions (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 7/2004)
Authors: Gago Sandra , Pillinger Martyn , Santos Teresa M. , Rocha João , Gonçalves Isabel S.
Published: March 2004

The cover picture shows how removal of interlayer water from a Zn−Al layered double hydroxide pillared by 1,1′‐ferrocenedicarboxylate anions results in reorientation of the guest species and formation of a collapsed phase. Exposure of the collapsed phase to moist air leads to rapid recovery of the expanded phase. A material containing ferrocenecarboxylate anions has also been prepared and found to exhibit a basal spacing of 20.0 Å in the fully hydrated form, consistent with the presence of a bilayer of organometallic guest species. Details of the synthesis and characterization of these compounds are given in the article by M. Pillinger, I. S. Gonçalves et al. on p. 1389 ff.
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor causes astrocytes to form cribriform structures
Authors: Liu Bin , Neufeld Arthur H.
Published: March 2004

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is expressed in reactive astrocytes following injury in the CNS. However, the effects of activation of the EGFR pathway in astrocytes are not well established. In the present study, we demonstrate that activation of EGFR causes optic nerve astrocytes, as well as brain astrocytes, to form cribriform structures with cavernous spaces. Formation of the cribriform structures is dependent on new protein synthesis and cell proliferation. Platelet‐derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were not effective. Smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells do not form cribriform structures in response to EGFR activation. The formation of the cribriform structures appears to be related to a guided migration of astrocytes and the expression of integrin β1 and extracellular fibronectin in response to activation of EGFR. The EGFR pathway may be a specific, signal transduction pathway that regulates reactive astrocytes to form cavernous spaces in the glial scars following CNS injury and in the compressed optic nerve in glaucomatous optic nerve neuropathy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and function of the horn shark (Heterodontus francisci) cranium through ontogeny: Development of a hard prey specialist
Authors: Summers Adam P. , Ketcham Richard A. , Rowe Timothy
Published: March 2004

The horn sharks (Heterodontidae: Chondrichthyes) represent one of four independent evolutions of durophagy in the cartilaginous fishes. We used high‐resolution computed tomography (CT scanning) to visualize and quantify the mineralized tissue of an ontogenetic series of horn sharks. CT scanning of neonatal through adult California horn sharks (Heterodontus francisci) confirmed that this technique is effective for examining mineralized tissue in even small (<10 mm) specimens. The jaw joint is among the first areas to become mineralized and is the most heavily mineralized area in the cranium of a neonatal horn shark. The hyoid is also well mineralized, although the poorly mineralized molariform teeth indicate that the neonatal animal may be a suction feeder on softer prey. The symphysis of the jaws never mineralizes, in sharp contrast to the condition in the hard prey‐crushing stingrays. Digitally reslicing the CT scans along the jaws allowed measurement of the second moment of area (Ina). Assuming that the jaws are made of the same material at all ages, Ina is an indicator of the flexural stiffness of the jaws. In all sizes of shark the lower jaws were stiffer than the upper and the stiffness increased in the area of the molariform teeth. The central region of the jaws, where the rami meet, support cuspidate grasping teeth and has the lowest Ina. The spotted eagle ray (Aetobatus narinari), a hard prey‐crushing stingray, shows a different pattern of flexural stiffness, with the peak at the central part of the jaws where the prey is reduced between flattened tooth plates. Although the eagle ray jaws have a higher Ina than the horn shark, they are also far more heavily mineralized. When the relative amounts of mineralization are taken into account, horn sharks do better with what mineral they have than does the eagle ray. With a tight jaw joint and loose mandibular symphysis, as well as nearly opposite patterns of stiffness in the jaws, it is clear that two of the clades of hard prey specialists use very different methods for cracking the hard prey problem. J. Morphol. 260:1–12, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EGF‐R and PDGF‐R, but not bcl‐2, overexpression predict overall survival in patients with low‐grade astrocytomas
Authors: Varela Mirta , Ranuncolo Stella Maris , Morand Ana , Lastiri José , Joffé Elisa Bal De Kier , Puricelli Lydia Inés , Pallotta María Guadalupe
Published: March 2004

Background and Objectives

Therapy of malignant glioma tumors is based on histology and clinical factors. However, comparable lesions may correspond with important prognostic differences. Our purpose was to analyze retrospectively the prognostic input of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGF‐R), epidermal growth factor (EGF‐R), and bcl‐2 expression in 103 malignant gliomas from uniformly treated patients.

Methods

The expression of the antigens was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Prognostic evaluation was performed with the multivariate proportional hazards model. The follow‐up period lasted 19 (5–122) months for survivors.

Results

We observed that almost 50% of gliomas showed high expression of PDGF‐R, while a lower expression of EGF‐R and bcl‐2 was found. No association between the main prognostic factors in malignant glioma (sex, age, histological grade, and Karnofsky score) and the labeling index (LI) of these antigens was observed. We found that only PDGF‐R and EGF‐R overexpression were associated with a shorter survival in patients with World Health Organization (WHO) II astrocytomas, being bothassociations independent of known prognostic factors, as shown by Cox model. Besides, we confirmed other authors' results that high histological grade and low performance score were associated with worse prognosis.

Conclusions

PDGF‐R and EGF‐R expression could be relevant in determining the prognosis of low‐grade astrocytomas (LGAs) and in providing a more objective mechanism for their classification. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:34–40. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression pattern of UDP‐N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐galactosamine: polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyl transferase‐3 in early gastric carcinoma
Authors: Ishikawa Makoto , Kitayama Joji , Nariko Hiroshi , Kohno Kimitoshi , Nagawa Hirokazu
Published: March 2004

Background and Objectives

Tumor development usually is accompanied by alterations of O‐glycosylation. Initial glycosylation of mucin‐type O‐linked proteins is regulated by UDP‐N‐acetyl‐α‐d‐galactosamine: polypeptide N‐acetylgalactosaminyl transferase‐3 (GalNAc‐T3). Although the expression of GalNAc‐T3 has been examined in various cancers, the expression has not been characterized in early stages of cancer.

Methods

Using the specific antibody, we evaluated the expression of GalNAc‐T3 in 125 early gastric cancers that were treated as classical gastrectomy with lymphadenectomy, and analyzed the relationship between the expression of GalNAc‐T3 and clinicopathological features.

Results

GalNac‐T3 was positively expressed in 40 cases (76%) in differentiated carcinomas, whereas in only six cases (8%) in undifferentiated carcinomas (P < 0.001). Positive staining was observed in 17 (26%) intramucosal and in 29 (48%) submucosal carcinomas, indicating that GalNac‐T3 tended to be highly expressed as the depth of invasion increased (P < 0.05). Lymph node metastasis tended to be observed more frequently in GalNac‐T3 positive than negative cases, and the difference was significant in undifferentiated type cancer (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

GalNAc‐T3 expression was a useful indicator of tumor differentiation in early gastric cancer, and the expression had positive correlation with depth of tumor invasion and lymph node metastasis. This suggests that the overexpression of GalNAc‐T3 may have a role in invasion and metastasis in early stages of gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2004;86:28–33. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Living donor liver transplant for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma using a deceased donor graft to reconstruct inferior vena cava
Authors: Slater Kellee , Bak Thomas E. , Kam Igal , Wachs Michael E.
Published: March 2004

Liver transplantation is now an acceptable treatment for small hepatocellular carcinomas in the setting of cirrhosis. Larger tumors in cirrhotic livers and unresectable tumors in noncirrhotic livers (including fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinomas) may also be indications for transplantation. With the limited number of cadaver grafts available, living donor liver transplant is becoming an option for some of these patients. We describe a method of reconstruction of the recipient inferior vena cava with deceased donor graft in right lobe living donation for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. (Liver Transpl 2004;10:555-556.)
An enhanced prediction of negative refraction from EBG‐like structures
Authors: Sudhakaran S. , Hao Y. , Parini C. G.
Published: March 2004

The negative refraction phenomenon in electromagnetic band gap (EBG)‐like structures is studied. It is found that the conventional “unit‐cell” approach for calculating bandgap properties is not sufficient for predicting negative refraction. In this paper, we present an analysis of EBG‐like structures using the “entire‐cell” concept in order to consider how spatial‐harmonics effects can enhance negative refraction prediction. The results obtained using numerical simulation show good agreement with the theory. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 258–261, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20110
A fully integrated dual‐band low‐noise amplifier for bluetooth and wireless LAN applications
Authors: Shouxian Mou , Jianguo Ma , Kiat Seng Yeo , Anh Do Manh
Published: March 2004

A fully integrated dual‐band low‐noise amplifier (LNA) implemented in a standard 0.18‐μm 1P6M CMOS process is presented in this paper. The LNA draws 12‐mA current from a 1.5‐V voltage supply and achieves power gains of 25 and 10 dB, and noise figures of 3.6 and 4 dB at 2.4 and 5.6 GHz respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 297–301, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20121
Subharmonic injection‐locking balanced oscillator
Authors: Cheong Chee , Leong Joseph , Shen Zhongxiang
Published: March 2004

A subharmonic injection‐locked balanced oscillator is presented in this paper. Subharmonic injection locking is preferred to fundamental injection locking, because the central injection point is a virtual short‐circuit at the fundamental frequency for a balanced oscillator. An analytical model is described to predict the locking range whereby power series are used to model the device's nonlinearity. An injection‐locked balanced oscillator is designed at 5.8 GHz and very good agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured locking ranges. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 306–309, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20124
Psychometric testing of the Chinese version of the medical outcomes study social support survey (MOS‐SSS‐C)
Authors: Yu Doris S.F. , Lee Diana T.F. , Woo Jean
Published: March 2004

The purpose of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS‐SSS‐C) in a sample of 110 patients. Criterion‐related and construct validities of the MOS‐SSS‐C were evaluated by correlations with the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Survey (r = .82) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (r = −.58). Confirmatory factor analysis affirmed the four‐factor structure of the MOS‐SSS‐C in measuring the functional aspects of perceived social support. Cronbach's alphas for the subscales ranged from .93 to .96, whereas the alpha for the overall scale was .98. The 2‐week test–retest reliability of the MOS‐SSS‐C as measured by the intraclass correlation coefficient was .84. The MOS‐SSS‐C is a psychometrically sound multidimensional measure for the evaluation of functional aspects of perceived social support by Chinese patients with chronic disease. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 27:135–143, 2004
Protein kinase A phosphorylation characterized by tandem Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
Authors: Chalmers Michael J. , Håkansson Kristina , Johnson Robert , Smith Richard , Shen Jianwei , Emmett Mark R. , Marshall Alan G.
Published: March 2004

A microelectrospray ionization tandem Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT‐ICR MSn) approach for structural characterization of protein phosphorylation is described. Identification of proteolytic peptides is based solely upon mass measurement by high field (9.4 Tesla) FT‐ICR MS. The location of the modification within any phosphopeptide is then established by FT‐ICR MS2 and MS3 experiments. Structural information is maximized by use of electron capture dissociation (ECD) and/or infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD). The analytical utility of the method is demonstrated by characterization of protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation. In a single FT‐ICR MS experiment, 30 PKA tryptic peptides (including three phosphopeptides) were mass measured by internal calibration to within an absolute mean error of |0.7 ppm|. The location of each of the three sites of phosphorylation was then determined by MS2 and MS3 experiments, in which ECD and IRMPD provide complementary peptide sequence information. In two out of three cases, electron irradiation of a phosphopeptide [M + nH]n+ ion produced an abundant charge‐reduced [M + nH](n−1)+• ion, but few sequence‐specific c and z• fragment ions. Subsequent IRMPD (MS3) of the charge‐reduced radical ion resulted in the detection of a large number of ECD‐type ion products (c and z ions), but no b or y type ions. The utility of activated ion ECD for the characterization of tryptic phosphopeptides was then demonstrated.
Proteomic analysis of mouse jejunal epithelium and its response to infection with the intestinal nematode, Trichinella spiralis
Authors: Pemberton Alan D. , Knight Pamela A. , Wright Steven H. , Miller Hugh R. P.
Published: March 2004

Infection with the intestinal nematode Trichinella spiralis induces profound, but stereotypic pathological changes to the epithelium, which are common to many nematode infections. This study describes changes in jejunal epithelial protein expression that reflect these stereotypic responses. Adult male BALB/c mice were infected with T. spiralis, and groups (n = 4) examined on day 14/15 (time of worm rejection) were compared with uninfected controls (n = 4). Jejunal epithelium was harvested and extracted for two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis. Tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting was used to create a reference map consisting of a total of 52 landmark spots. Of these, 16 were observed to change in intensity during infection. The changes observed at day 14/15 were of relevance to such mechanisms as lipid utilization and transport (increase in triacylglycerol lipase, and reduction in intestinal fatty acid binding protein) and innate immunity (appearance of intelectin‐2). As a result, candidate molecules have been identified for further focused studies on their role in the host response to intestinal nematode infection.
Mycobacterial proteome extraction: Comparison of disruption methods
Authors: Lanigan Mark D. , Vaughan Jill A. , Shiell Brian J. , Beddome Gary J. , Michalski Wojtek P.
Published: March 2004

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis has long been recognized as the causative agent of Johne's disease, a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease of sheep, cattle and other ruminants. Mycobacterial cells are extremely hardy, and proteomic analyses require the use of harsh conditions to effect their disruption. We compared the effectiveness of bead beating and sonication as cell lysis methods for the extraction of the proteomes of Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. Broad and narrow range two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to compare the numbers of silver stained protein spots that were observed in mycobacterial lysates. Despite differences in the yield of total protein from either species, and at different ages, the two methods appeared to give similar representations of the mycobacterial proteomes analyzed. Bead beating therefore represents a rapid and effective method of extracting the proteomes of mycobacterial species without the risks associated with an open tube sonication procedure.
Identification of novel and downregulated biomarkers for alcoholism by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Nomura Fumio , Tomonaga Takeshi , Sogawa Kazuyuki , Ohashi Tatsuya , Nezu Masahiko , Sunaga Masahiko , Kondo Naoki , Iyo Masaomi , Shimada Hideaki , Ochiai Takenori
Published: March 2004

Since personal and verbal reporting of alcohol use is not necessarily accurate, objective markers to assess alcohol consumption are required. The currently available markers, however, are limited in sensitivity and specificity for screening of excessive alcohol drinkers. Therefore, searches for novel markers are warranted. Recently, surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (SELDI‐TOF‐MS) has been successfully used to detect disease‐associated proteins in complex biological specimens. We used the ProteinChip SELDI technology to generate comparative protein profiles of the consecutive serum samples obtained during abstinence from a total of 16 chronic alcoholic patients hospitalized for a rehabilitation program. We recognized two peaks (5.9 and 7.8 kDa), both of which had been downregulated on admission, the expression level of which significantly increased after a one‐week abstinence. These changes were also seen in nonresponders of γ‐glutamyltransferase. These two proteins were partially purified and subjected to amino acid sequencing. The 5.9 kDa protein was identified as a fragment of fibrinogen αE chain and the 7.8 kDa was a fragment of apoprotein A‐II. These novel protein fragments may be promising biomarkers for excessive alcohol drinking.
Analysis of the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene in Swedish hereditary and sporadic prostate cancer
Authors: Lindmark Fredrik , Jonsson Björn‐Anders , Bergh Anders , Stattin Pär , Zheng S. Lilly , Meyers Deborah A. , Xu Jianfeng , Grönberg Henrik
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND

The macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) gene on chromosome 8p22 was recently reported as a candidate gene for hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). Here, we further elucidate the role of MSR1 in both Swedish families with HPC and in a cohort of unselected prostate cancer.

METHODS

DNA samples from 83 Swedish HPC families and 215 unselected population based cases of prostate cancer as well as 425 age‐matched controls were genotyped.

RESULTS

A total of 18 variants were identified, including 2 exonic, 7 intronic changes, and 9 changes in the 5′‐ or 3′‐uncoding region. Of the two exonic changes, one previously reported truncation mutation was identified, a R293X nonsense mutation. This mutation was found in 2 of the 83 (2.4%) HPC families. The R293X mutation was found more frequently in men with PC (4.9%) than in unaffected men (2.7%), consistent with previous published results, however our results were not significant (P = 0.16). To additionally test for potential association of common sequence variants and increased risk for the disease, five common polymorphisms (PRO3, INDEL1, IVS5‐57, P275A, INDEL7) were genotyped in the group of 215 prostate cancer cases and 425 age‐matched controls. No association between any of the five common sequence variants and prostate cancer were found.

CONCLUSION

Our results suggest that mutations in MSR1 gene might play a role in prostate cancer susceptibility, particularly the R293X mutation. This study warrants further investigations of the role of MSR1 in prostate cancer etiology. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
YB‐1 is upregulated during prostate cancer tumor progression and increases P‐glycoprotein activity
Authors: Giménez‐Bonafé Pepita , Fedoruk Matthew N. , Whitmore Tanis G. , Akbari Majid , Ralph Jody L. , Ettinger Susan , Gleave Martin E. , Nelson Colleen C.
Published: March 2004

BACKGROUND

Currently, the main obstacle to curing advanced prostate cancer is development of androgen independence (AI), where malignant cells acquire the ability to survive in the absence of androgens. Our initial experimental approach used cDNA microarrays to characterize changes in gene expression in the LNCaP human prostate tumor model during progression to AI. The transcription factor Y‐box binding protein (YB‐1) was shown to be one of the genes upregulated. We focused on increased YB‐1 expression during progression in clinical specimens, and further examined one of its downstream targets, P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp).

METHODS

Northern blot analysis was performed on LNCaP tumor series, as well as immunohistochemical analyses of human prostate cancer tissue samples. YB‐1 was transiently transfected and transport analysis were performed to analyze P‐gp efflux activity.

RESULTS

YB‐1 expression is markedly increased during benign to malignant transformation and further following androgen ablation. In addition, increased YB‐1 expression after castration in the LNCaP model is linked to upregulation of P‐gp. We demonstrate that YB‐1 upregulates P‐gp activity resulting in a 40% intracellular decrease in the P‐gp substrate vinblastine. We have also found that P‐gp increases the efflux of the endogenous androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), from prostate cells and leads to decreased androgen regulated gene expression.

CONCLUSIONS

We hypothesize that early in prostate cancer progression, increased expression of YB‐1 may increase P‐gp activity which may in turn lower androgen levels in the prostate tumor cells. Suppression of androgen levels may activate cell survival pathways and lead to an adaptive survival advantage of androgen independent prostate cancer cells following androgen ablation therapy. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving public health and environmental protection resulting from Superfund site investigation/remediation
Authors: Lee G. Fred , Jones‐Lee Anne
Published: March 2004

A discussion of some of the deficiencies of Superfund and hazardous chemical site investigation and
remediation is presented. Of concern is the adequacy of defining the constituents of concern;
stormwater‐runoff monitoring; evaluating excessive bioaccumulation of hazardous chemicals in edible
organisms; the extent and degree of groundwater pollution; modeling of pollutant transport in the
vadose zone; translocation of subsurface pollutants to surface via plant roots, leaves, and flowers;
protection of groundwater quality for nonpriority pollutants that impact aesthetic quality; and
deficiencies in the quality of site data reports. Examples of these types of problems are discussed with
suggestions on the approach that should be followed to improve the quality of site investigation and
remediation. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Environmental bioavailability of hydrophobic organochlorines in sediments—A review
Authors: Qiu Xiujin , Davis John W.
Published: March 2004

A number of hydrophobic organochlorines, such as hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated
dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), have been reported to be persistent and
bioaccumulative; however, their availability to biota appear to be limited due to strong sorption to
soil/sediment and sequestration with age. Studies to date have shown that the bioavailability of hydrophobic
organic chemicals (HOCs) in sediments is highly variable, depending not only on a chemical's
lipophicity (Kow), but also molecular steric conformation and sediment characteristics. A
subdomain of sediment organic carbon, so‐called black carbon (BC), which has much higher affinity
to planar HOCs than amorphous organic carbon, has been found to be the predominant repository of many HOCs. The
sediment/soil‐bound HOCs are composed of a rapid and reversible desorbing labile fraction and a
slow‐desorbing, or resistant‐to‐desorbing, nonlabile fraction. The latter can account for up
to 98 percent of the total. A number of chemical extraction methods have been under development to measure the
actual bioavailable concentrations in soil/sediment and have shown some correlation to the results of
bioaccumulation and/or biodegradation tests. To date, most of the published studies on this subject have
focused on polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This review summarizes the governing processes and
the testing methodologies relevant to the environmental bioavailability of hydrophobic organochlorines in soils
and sediments. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phytoremediation in subtropical Hawaii—A review of over 100 plant species
Authors: Paquin Daniel G. , Campbell Sonia , Li Qing X.
Published: March 2004

Phytoremediation is an emerging remediation technology that utilizes plants and microbes to clean up contaminated
air, soil, and water. Tropical and subtropical environments have an advantage in that long plant‐growing
seasons and increased soil temperature can accelerate phytoremediation processes. Various contaminated sites in
Hawaii have been addressed using this technology. In this article, work progress and advances of phytoremediation
are briefly reviewed and exemplified with seven chemically contaminated sites in Hawaii. The investigations were
performed for one or more of the following remediation needs: explosive residues, hydrocarbons, pesticide residues,
soil stabilization, and slaughterhouse wastewater. In this unique article, studies of testing of over 100 plant
species for remediation are reviewed and documented. The general trend leads one to consider that salt‐
and/or drought‐tolerant plants can bear other potential stress‐inducing conditions. © 2004
Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Wind energy literature survey No. 5
Authors: Rollinson Dave
Published: March 2004

In order to help keep readers up‐to‐date in the field, Wind Energy contains a list of recently published articles drawn from recent issues of the following periodicals: IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, International Journal of Energy Research, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal, Transactions of the ASME: Journal of Dynamic Systems Measurement and Control and Renewable Energy. The list is arranged alphabetically by author. Compiled by Dave Rollinson, UMIST, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD, UK. Please e‐mail any suggestions to D.Rollinson@student.umist.ac.uk. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach to species determination for yeast strains: DNA microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization using a yeast DNA microarray with 6000 genes
Authors: Watanabe Takahito , Murata Yoshinori , Oka Syuichi , Iwahashi Hitoshi
Published: March 2004

DNA–DNA hybridization is known as the superior method in the elucidation of relationships between closely related taxa, such as species and strain. For species determination we propose a new DNA–DNA hybridization method: the DNA microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) method, using a yeast DNA microarray with approximately 6000 genes. The genome from a yeast strain as a sample strain (Sample) was labelled with Cy3‐dye and hybridized to a single DNA microarray, together with the Cy5‐labelled genome of S. cerevisiae S288C as a reference strain (Reference). The log2 ratio values {log2[Cy3(Sample)/Cy5(Reference)]: Ratio} of signal intensities of all the gene spots were estimated and divided into the following groups: Ratio ≤ −1; −1 < Ratio < 1; 1 ≤ Ratio. The hybridization profiles of the genomes of type strains belonging to the genus Saccharomyces were significantly different from that of S. cerevisiae S288C. The Ratio‐based grouping allowed us to discriminate between some species from S. cerevisiae more clearly. Furthermore, cluster analysis discriminated between closely related species and strains. Using this method, we were able to not only perform species determination but also to obtain information on alternation in gene copy number of such gene amplifications and deletions with single‐gene resolution. These observations indicated that DNA microarray‐based CGH is a powerful system for species determination and comparative genome analysis. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Hamartoma” of the Spleen (Splenoma) in Children
Authors: Abramowsky Carlos , Alvarado Carlos , Wyly J. Bradley , Ricketts Richard
Published: March 2004

Hamartomas of the spleen or splenomas, are uncommon benign tumorous growths in this organ which have not been well characterized in children. We report four patients, 4 to 11 years old, who had splenomegaly and splenic “hamartomas” associated with different hematologic conditions (refractory microcytic anemia, sickle cell anemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and dyserythropoietic hemolytic anemia). All patients had total splenectomy as a primary therapeutic approach or to lessen their transfusion requirements. In only one patient was a focal splenic mass identified preoperatively with contrasted computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). None of the patients showed a mass by ultrasonography. Gross examination showed enlarged spleens (315–724 g) which on cut surface revealed a single nodule in one and multiple bulging nodules in three specimens. The nodules varied from 1.3 to 7 cm and were indistinct from the surrounding nonlymphoid splenic (i.e., red pulp) parenchyma. Histology of the nodules showed red splenic pulp with variable histiocytic proliferation, focal extramedullary hematopoiesis, lympho-plasmacytosis, fibrosis, and siderotic-calcific deposits. Intranodular small T- and B-cell lymphoid aggregates but no organized secondary follicles or periarteriolar sheaths were seen. Proliferation antigen Ki-67 (Mib-1) immunostains showed a low (< 5%) proliferation index in the nodules and surrounding tissue. Reticulin stains did not show a capsule or border between the normal spleen and the nodules. The critical histologic differential diagnosis for these lesions is with benign vascular tumors. These can be identified by their more disorderly pattern, by immunohistochemistry and by their higher proliferation index. It is our contention that these splenic nodules are not true hamartomas, as they seem to result from remote ischemic or infectious/ inflammatory insults, leading to the fibro-inflammatory reaction and deposition of calcium and hemosiderin that is better designated with the descriptive term of splenoma. Review of the literature and our own experience indicates that most children with splenic hamartomas or splenomas as we prefer to call them, have an underlying hematologic disorder likely made worse by a state of hypersplenism that explains the consistent improvement in the blood values after splenectomy.
Utilization of food sources by invertebrates in a man-made intertidal ecosystem (Westerschelde, the Netherlands): a δ13C and δ15N study
Authors: Riera Pascal , Stal Lucas , Nieuwenhuize Joop
Published: March 2004

The trophic interactions between primary consumers and the organic matter sources in a man-made intertidal ecosystem were investigated. The most representative invertebrates that occupied the different habitat types tend to use similar food sources, namely benthic diatoms and suspended particulate or sedimentary organic matter, although they do so in different proportions. Fucus vesiculosus was abundant on the rocky substrate but this macroalga nor its epiphytes contributed importantly to the diet of the primary consumers inhabiting these assemblages. In contrast, benthic diatoms from the nearby mudflat were directly used as a food source because of their re-suspension in the water and transport by the tide to the artificial rocky shore. The results suggested that the trophic pathways in this intertidal environment were relatively simple.
Long term effects of Ascophyllum nodosum canopy removal on mid shore community structure
Authors: Jenkins S.R. , Norton T.A. , Hawkins S.J.
Published: March 2004

The long term effects of macroalgal canopy removal on community composition were investigated over a 12 year period. Experimental removal of the dominant Ascophyllum nodosum canopy led to short term changes in community composition, the major features of which were still apparent 12 years later. Ascophyllum was slow to recover despite high recruitment, and experimental plots were dominated by Fucus species. After 12 years a mixed assemblage of Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum had developed. Canopy removal resulted in a change in the balance between grazing limpets and the cover of red algal turf in the understorey community. The cover of turfing algae declined significantly allowing the area grazed by limpets to extend. This led to a 3–6 fold increase in the limpet population 12 years after canopy removal.
Feeding ecology of the crab Munida subrugosa (Decapoda: Anomura: Galatheidae) in the Beagle Channel, Argentina
Authors: Romero M. Carolina , Lovrich Gustavo A. , Tapella Federico , Thatje Sven
Published: March 2004

Munida subrugosa is the most abundant galatheid crab species in the Beagle Channel (55°S 68°W) off Tierra del Fuego, Argentina. Samples of crabs and the epibenthic community were taken on a monthly basis at two different depth strata (<40 m and >70 m), by means of epibenthic trawling from 1998 to 1999. Stomach contents from 1582 crabs were analysed, out of which only 2% had empty stomachs. The quantity of food in the stomach contents was clearly seasonal and similar at both depths. The organic matter varied throughout the year and between both depths, being significantly higher in summer/spring than in autumn/winter. Munida subrugosa shows two different and simultaneous feeding habits: (1) as a predator M. subrugosa feeds on crustaceans, algae, and polychaetes; and (2) as a deposit feeder M. subrugosa consumes particulate organic matter and organisms associated with the superficial layer of the sediment. The composition of the diet of Munida subrugosa was similar for both years, and independent of depth, sex or season. Munida subrugosa selected crustaceans only in autumn and winter, whereas most food items were found according to their availability in the habitat.