bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WILLIAM STUKELEY’S HOUSE AND GARDEN IN GRANTHAM, 1726–9
Authors: Smith John F H
Published: July 2021

After spending seven years practising as a doctor in Boston, William Stukeley moved to London in 1717. The following years were his most fertile, but by 1725 he had become disillusioned with Town and decided to move to Grantham in his home county of Lincolnshire. During his brief stay, 1726–9, he modernised his seventeenth-century yeoman’s house, and simultaneously developed ideas on the religion of the Druids and garden design that were unique and interacted with each other. Both were greatly influenced by the archaeological discoveries he had made at Stonehenge and Avebury (1719–24). At the same time he gradually changed his ideas on Christianity, which led to ordination in 1729 and a great change in his life.
Is routine neck dissection warranted at salvage laryngectomy?
Authors: Sharma S , Chaukar D A , Bal M , D'Cruz A K
Published: July 2021

Background

There is controversy regarding management of the neck at salvage laryngectomy. The aim of this study was to perform an analysis to determine the incidence of occult node positivity in this group and analyse factors affecting it.

Method

A retrospective analysis of 171 patients who underwent salvage total laryngectomy between 2000 and 2015 for recurrent or residual disease following definitive non-surgical treatment and were clinico-radiologically node negative at the time salvage laryngectomy was carried out.

Results

A total of 171 patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers underwent concurrent neck dissection at laryngectomy. There were 162 patients (94.7 per cent) who underwent bilateral neck dissection, and 9 patients (5.3 per cent) who underwent ipsilateral neck dissection. The occult lateral nodal metastasis rate was 10.5 per cent. Of various factors, initial node positive disease was the only factor predicting occult metastasis on univariable and multivariable analysis (p =0.001).

Conclusion

Risk of occult metastasis is high in patients who have node positive disease before starting radiotherapy. This group should be offered elective neck dissection.
Oliver Williamson and the strategic theory of the firm
Authors: Argyres Nicholas , Zenger Todd
Published: July 2021

Oliver Williamson's contributions to the theory of the firm were of course seminal. Yet, they were not originally formulated to address the central question in strategic management: Why do some firms persistently outperform others in financial terms? We suggest that when Williamson did address this question, his efforts were not compelling. We also suggest, however, that with suitable adjustments, the key mechanisms in Williamson's theory can indeed usefully address this question.
Betreuung durch ein Advanced Nursing Practice-Team – Erfahrungen Lymphombetroffener und ihrer Angehörigen
Authors: Bachofner Eveline , Stamm Simone Lena , Staudacher Sandra , Spichiger Elisabeth
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Patient_innen mit Lymphomen, die mit Hochdosis-Chemotherapie (HDC) und autologer Stammzelltransplantation (ASZT) behandelt werden, sind mit einer lebensbedrohlichen Krankheit und einer stressvollen Therapie konfrontiert. Durch den Einsatz eines Advanced Nursing Practice (ANP)-Teams sollte diesen Patient_innen und ihren Angehörigen am Inselspital, Universitätsspital Bern eine kontinuierliche und bedarfsgerechte Betreuung über den ganzen Therapieverlauf geboten werden. Zu Erfahrungen von Betroffenen mit ANP ist wenig bekannt. Ziel: Mit dieser Studie wurde deshalb untersucht, wie diese Patient_innen und ihre Angehörigen die Betreuung durch das ANP-Team erlebten. Methode: Die qualitative Studie orientierte sich am Forschungsansatz “Interpretive Description”. Acht Paarinterviews mit Patient_innen und Angehörigen wurden durchgeführt und mittels reflexiver thematischer Analyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Teilnehmenden erlebten eine kontinuierliche Begleitung durch die Pflegeberaterinnen über den ganzen Therapieverlauf hinweg, erfuhren fachliche, administrative und emotionale Unterstützung und fühlten sich kompetent informiert und beraten. Sie hatten eine gut erreichbare Ansprechperson für Fragen, zu der sie eine emotionale Beziehung aufbauten. Dadurch fühlten sich Patient_innen und Angehörige nicht nur ermutigt und bestärkt, sondern auch sicher und gut aufgehoben. Schlussfolgerung: Der Einsatz eines ANP-Angebots wird für Betroffene empfohlen, da die kontinuierliche Begleitung durch eine fachkompetente, mitfühlende, vertraute und engagierte Ansprechperson für sie unerlässlich war.
Material Hide‐and‐Seek: Looking for the Resource Savings Due to International Trade of Food Products
Authors: Dombi Mihály , Szakály Zoltán , Kiss Virág Ágnes , Cao Zhi , Liu Gang
Published: July 2021

Adverse environmental effects of international trade are emphasized in the literature frequently. Nevertheless, following a theoretical trade logic, the production of goods in regions with higher resource efficiency may lead to reduced global resource use. In this article, major drivers of food‐related material footprint (MF) are analyzed at the global, regional, and country levels. Changes in consumption, the supply chain's efficiency, and participation in international trade are considered drivers of MF. An index decomposition analysis was conducted to assess the contribution of these factors to the variation of the MF in time. Our results partially prove that the optimization regarding natural resource use may contribute to a lower MF of food consumption. Regions and countries with increasing food imports reinforce their efficiency improvement with the lower resource intensity of imported goods, and the international trade counteracted the effects on additional resource requirements of increasing consumption throughout the analyzed period (1990–2013). Furthermore, the impact of international trade on capital stock is discussed. In line with the descending flow‐type material intensity by approximately 5%, the material composition of the footprint has shifted toward stock building materials. Additionally, the intensity of the trade was found to be negatively correlated with domestic efficiency improvements.
Temporal Variations in Landslide Distributions Following Extreme Events: Implications for Landslide Susceptibility Modeling
Authors: Jones J. N. , Boulton S. J. , Bennett G. L. , Stokes M. , Whitworth M. R. Z.
Published: July 2021

Landslide susceptibility models are fundamental components of landslide risk management strategies. These models typically assume that landslide occurrence is time‐independent, even though processes including earthquake preconditioning and landslide path dependency transiently impact landslide occurrence. Understanding the temporal characteristics of landslide occurrence remains limited by a lack of systematic investigation into how landslide distributions vary through time, and how this impacts landslide susceptibility. Here, we apply Kolmogorov‐Smirnoff and chi‐square statistics to a 30‐yr inventory of monsoon‐triggered landslides from Nepal to systematically quantify how landslide spatial distributions vary through time in “normal” years and years impacted by extreme events. We then develop binary logistic regression (BLR) susceptibility models for 12 yrs in our inventory with >400 landslides and use area under receiver operator curve validation to assess how well these models can hindcast landslide occurrence in other years. Landslide distributions are found to vary through time, particularly in years impacted by storms (1993 and 2002), earthquakes (2015), and floods (2017). Notably, Gorkha earthquake landscape preconditioning shifted 2015 monsoon‐triggered landslides to higher slopes, reliefs, and excess topographies. These variations significantly impact BLR susceptibility modeling, with models trained on extreme years unable to consistently hindcast landslide occurrence in other years. However, developing BLR models using increasingly long historical inventories shows that susceptibility models developed using >6–8 yrs of landslide data provide consistently good hindcasting accuracy. Overall, our results challenge time‐independent assumptions of landslide susceptibility approaches, highlighting the need for time‐dependent modeling techniques or historical inventories for landslide susceptibility modeling.
Public mental health problems during COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale meta-analysis of the evidence
Authors: Liu Xuerong , Zhu Mengyin , Zhang Rong , Zhang Jingxuan , Zhang Chenyan , Liu Peiwei , Feng Zhengzhi , Chen Zhiyi
Published: July 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed humans to the highest physical and mental risks. Thus, it is becoming a priority to probe the mental health problems experienced during the pandemic in different populations. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the prevalence of postpandemic mental health problems. Seventy-one published papers (n = 146,139) from China, the United States, Japan, India, and Turkey were eligible to be included in the data pool. These papers reported results for Chinese, Japanese, Italian, American, Turkish, Indian, Spanish, Greek, and Singaporean populations. The results demonstrated a total prevalence of anxiety symptoms of 32.60% (95% confidence interval (CI): 29.10–36.30) during the COVID-19 pandemic. For depression, a prevalence of 27.60% (95% CI: 24.00–31.60) was found. Further, insomnia was found to have a prevalence of 30.30% (95% CI: 24.60–36.60). Of the total study population, 16.70% (95% CI: 8.90–29.20) experienced post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Subgroup analysis revealed the highest prevalence of anxiety (63.90%) and depression (55.40%) in confirmed and suspected patients compared with other cohorts. Notably, the prevalence of each symptom in other countries was higher than that in China. Finally, the prevalence of each mental problem differed depending on the measurement tools used. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of mental problems during the COVID-19 pandemic by using a fairly large-scale sample and further clarified that the heterogeneous results for these mental health problems may be due to the nonstandardized use of psychometric tools.
Biological significance of monoallelic and biallelic BIRC3 loss in del(11q) chronic lymphocytic leukemia progression
Authors: Quijada-Álamo Miguel , Hernández-Sánchez María , Rodríguez-Vicente Ana-Eugenia , Pérez-Carretero Claudia , Rodríguez-Sánchez Alberto , Martín-Izquierdo Marta , Alonso-Pérez Verónica , García-Tuñón Ignacio , Bastida José María , Vidal-Manceñido María Jesús , Galende Josefina , Aguilar Carlos , Queizán José Antonio , González-Gascón y Marín Isabel , Hernández-Rivas José-Ángel , Benito Rocío , Ordóñez José Luis , Hernández-Rivas Jesús-María
Published: July 2021

BIRC3 is monoallelically deleted in up to 80% of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cases harboring del(11q). In addition, truncating mutations in the remaining allele of this gene can lead to BIRC3 biallelic inactivation, which has been shown to be a marker for reduced survival in CLL. Nevertheless, the biological mechanisms by which these lesions could contribute to del(11q) CLL pathogenesis and progression are partially unexplored. We implemented the CRISPR/Cas9-editing system to generate isogenic CLL cell lines harboring del(11q) and/or BIRC3 mutations, modeling monoallelic and biallelic BIRC3 loss. Our results reveal that monoallelic BIRC3 deletion in del(11q) cells promotes non-canonical NF-κB signaling activation via RelB-p52 nuclear translocation, being these effects allelic dose-dependent and therefore further enhanced in del(11q) cells with biallelic BIRC3 loss. Moreover, we demonstrate ex vivo in primary cells that del(11q) cases including BIRC3 within their deleted region show evidence of non-canonical NF-κB activation which correlates with high BCL2 levels and enhanced sensitivity to venetoclax. Furthermore, our results show that BIRC3 mutations in del(11q) cells promote clonal advantage in vitro and accelerate leukemic progression in an in vivo xenograft model. Altogether, this work highlights the biological bases underlying disease progression of del(11q) CLL patients harboring BIRC3 deletion and mutation.
Author Correction: Molecular engineering of safe and efficacious
oral basal insulin
Authors: Hubálek Frantisek , Refsgaard Hanne H. F. , Gram-Nielsen Sanne , Madsen Peter , Nishimura Erica , Münzel Martin , Brand Christian Lehn , Stidsen Carsten Enggaard , Claussen Christian Hove , Wulff Erik Max , Pridal Lone , Ribel Ulla , Kildegaard Jonas , Porsgaard Trine , Johansson Eva , Steensgaard Dorte Bjerre , Hovgaard Lars , Glendorf Tine , Hansen Bo Falck , Jensen Maja Kirkegaard , Nielsen Peter Kresten , Ludvigsen Svend , Rugh Susanne , Garibay Patrick W. , Moore Mary Courtney , Cherrington Alan D. , Kjeldsen Thomas
Published: July 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at
the top of the paper.
A generative network model of neurodevelopmental diversity in structural brain organization
Authors: Akarca Danyal , Vértes Petra E. , Bullmore Edward T. ,   the CALM team, Baker Kate , Gathercole Susan E. , Holmes Joni , Kievit Rogier A. , Manly Tom , Bathelt Joe , Bennett Marc , Bignardi Giacomo , Bishop Sarah , Bottacin Erica , Bridge Lara , Brkic Diandra , Bryant Annie , Butterfield Sally , Byrne Elizabeth M. , Crickmore Gemma , Dalmaijer Edwin S. , Daly Fánchea , Emery Tina , Forde Laura , Franckel Grace , Fuhrmann Delia , Gadie Andrew , Gharooni Sara , Guy Jacalyn , Hawkins Erin , Jaroslawska Agnieszka , Joeghan Sara , Johnson Amy , Jones Jonathan , Mareva Silvana , Ng-Cordell Elise , O’Brien Sinead , O’Leary Cliodhna , Rennie Joseph P. , Simpson-Kent Ivan , Siugzdaite Roma , Smith Tess A. , Uh Stephani , Vedechkina Maria , Woolgar Francesca , Zdorovtsova Natalia , Zhang Mengya , Astle Duncan E.
Published: July 2021

The formation of large-scale brain networks, and their continual refinement, represent crucial developmental processes that can drive individual differences in cognition and which are associated with multiple neurodevelopmental conditions. But how does this organization arise, and what mechanisms drive diversity in organization? We use generative network modeling to provide a computational framework for understanding neurodevelopmental diversity. Within this framework macroscopic brain organization, complete with spatial embedding of its organization, is an emergent property of a generative wiring equation that optimizes its connectivity by renegotiating its biological costs and topological values continuously over time. The rules that govern these iterative wiring properties are controlled by a set of tightly framed parameters, with subtle differences in these parameters steering network growth towards different neurodiverse outcomes. Regional expression of genes associated with the simulations converge on biological processes and cellular components predominantly involved in synaptic signaling, neuronal projection, catabolic intracellular processes and protein transport. Together, this provides a unifying computational framework for conceptualizing the mechanisms and diversity in neurodevelopment, capable of integrating different levels of analysis—from genes to cognition.
Detection of high-valent iron species in alloyed oxidic cobaltates for catalysing the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Nancy , Hadt Ryan G. , Hayes Dugan , Chen Lin X. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: July 2021

Iron alloying of oxidic cobaltate catalysts results in catalytic activity for oxygen evolution on par with Ni-Fe oxides in base but at much higher alloying compositions. Zero-field 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are able to clearly identify Fe4+ in mixed-metal Co-Fe oxides. The highest Fe4+ population is obtained in the 40–60% Fe alloying range, and XAS identifies the ion residing in an octahedral oxide ligand field. The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, as reflected in Tafel analysis of CoFeOx films in 1 M KOH, tracks the absolute concentration of Fe4+. The results reported herein suggest an important role for the formation of the Fe4+ redox state in activating cobaltate OER catalysts at high iron loadings.
Improved CRISPR genome editing using small highly active and specific engineered RNA-guided nucleases
Authors: Schmidt Moritz J. , Gupta Ashish , Bednarski Christien , Gehrig-Giannini Stefanie , Richter Florian , Pitzler Christian , Gamalinda Michael , Galonska Christina , Takeuchi Ryo , Wang Kui , Reiss Caroline , Dehne Kerstin , Lukason Michael J. , Noma Akiko , Park-Windhol Cindy , Allocca Mariacarmela , Kantardzhieva Albena , Sane Shailendra , Kosakowska Karolina , Cafferty Brian , Tebbe Jan , Spencer Sarah J. , Munzer Scott , Cheng Christopher J. , Scaria Abraham , Scharenberg Andrew M. , Cohnen André , Coco Wayne M.
Published: July 2021

Streptococcus pyogenes (Spy) Cas9 has potential as a component of gene therapeutics for incurable diseases. One of its limitations is its large size, which impedes its formulation and delivery in therapeutic applications. Smaller Cas9s are an alternative, but lack robust activity or specificity and frequently recognize longer PAMs. Here, we investigated four uncharacterized, smaller Cas9s and found three employing a “GG” dinucleotide PAM similar to SpyCas9. Protein engineering generated synthetic RNA-guided nucleases (sRGNs) with editing efficiencies and specificities exceeding even SpyCas9 in vitro and in human cell lines on disease-relevant targets. sRGN mRNA lipid nanoparticles displayed manufacturing advantages and high in vivo editing efficiency in the mouse liver. Finally, sRGNs, but not SpyCas9, could be packaged into all-in-one AAV particles with a gRNA and effected robust in vivo editing of non-human primate (NHP) retina photoreceptors. Human gene therapy efforts are expected to benefit from these improved alternatives to existing CRISPR nucleases.
Prokineticin-2 prevents neuronal cell deaths in a model of traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bao Zhongyuan , Liu Yinlong , Chen Binglin , Miao Zong , Tu Yiming , Li Chong , Chao Honglu , Ye Yangfan , Xu Xiupeng , Sun Guangchi , Zhao Pengzhan , Liu Ning , Liu Yan , Wang Xiaoming , Lam Sin Man , Kagan Valerian E. , Bayır Hülya , Ji Jing
Published: July 2021

Prokineticin-2 (Prok2) is an important secreted protein likely involved in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic neurological diseases through currently unidentified regulatory mechanisms. The initial mechanical injury of neurons by traumatic brain injury triggers multiple secondary responses including various cell death programs. One of these is ferroptosis, which is associated with dysregulation of iron and thiols and culminates in fatal lipid peroxidation. Here, we explore the regulatory role of Prok2 in neuronal ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. We show that Prok2 prevents neuronal cell death by suppressing the biosynthesis of lipid peroxidation substrates, arachidonic acid-phospholipids, via accelerated F-box only protein 10 (Fbxo10)-driven ubiquitination, degradation of long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4 (Acsl4), and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Mice injected with adeno-associated virus-Prok2 before controlled cortical impact injury show reduced neuronal degeneration and improved motor and cognitive functions, which could be inhibited by Fbxo10 knockdown. Our study shows that Prok2 mediates neuronal cell deaths in traumatic brain injury via ferroptosis.
Single-molecule, full-length transcript isoform sequencing reveals disease-associated RNA isoforms in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Zhu Chenchen , Wu Jingyan , Sun Han , Briganti Francesca , Meder Benjamin , Wei Wu , Steinmetz Lars M.
Published: July 2021

Alternative splicing generates differing RNA isoforms that govern phenotypic complexity of eukaryotes. Its malfunction underlies many diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Comparative analysis of RNA isoforms at the genome-wide scale has been difficult. Here, we establish an experimental and computational pipeline that performs de novo transcript annotation and accurately quantifies transcript isoforms from cDNA sequences with a full-length isoform detection accuracy of 97.6%. We generate a searchable, quantitative human transcriptome annotation with 31,025 known and 5,740 novel transcript isoforms (http://steinmetzlab.embl.de/iBrowser/). By analyzing the isoforms in the presence of RNA Binding Motif Protein 20 (RBM20) mutations associated with aggressive dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we identify 121 differentially expressed transcript isoforms in 107 cardiac genes. Our approach enables quantitative dissection of complex transcript architecture instead of mere identification of inclusion or exclusion of individual exons, as exemplified by the discovery of IMMT isoforms mis-spliced by RBM20 mutations. Thereby we achieve a path to direct differential expression testing independent of an existing annotation of transcript isoforms, providing more immediate biological interpretation and higher resolution transcriptome comparisons.
Fabricating polyoxometalates-stabilized single-atom site catalysts in confined space with enhanced activity for alkynes diboration
Authors: Liu Yiwei , Wu Xi , Li Zhi , Zhang Jian , Liu Shu-Xia , Liu Shoujie , Gu Lin , Zheng Li Rong , Li Jia , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong
Published: July 2021

Effecting the synergistic function of single metal atom sites and their supports is of great importance to achieve high-performance catalysts. Herein, we successfully fabricate polyoxometalates (POMs)-stabilized atomically dispersed platinum sites by employing three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as the finite spatial skeleton to govern the accessible quantity, spatial dispersion, and mobility of metal precursors around each POM unit. The isolated single platinum atoms (Pt1) are steadily anchored in the square-planar sites on the surface of monodispersed Keggin-type phosphomolybdic acid (PMo) in the cavities of various MOFs, including MIL-101, HKUST-1, and ZIF-67. In contrast, either the absence of POMs or MOFs yielded only platinum nanoparticles. Pt1-PMo@MIL-101 are seven times more active than the corresponding nanoparticles in the diboration of phenylacetylene, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the preconcentration of organic reaction substrates by porous MOFs skeleton and the decreased desorption energy of products on isolated Pt atom sites.
Observation of negative capacitance in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 Films
Authors: Qiao Leilei , Song Cheng , Sun Yiming , Fayaz Muhammad Umer , Lu Tianqi , Yin Siqi , Chen Chong , Xu Huiping , Ren Tian-Ling , Pan Feng
Published: July 2021

Negative capacitance effect in ferroelectric materials provides a solution to the energy dissipation problem induced by Boltzmann distribution of electrons in conventional electronics. Here, we discover that besides ferroelectrics, the antiferroelectrics based on Landau switches also have intrinsic negative capacitance effect. We report both the static and transient negative capacitance effect in antiferroelectric PbZrO3 films and reveal its possible physical origin. The capacitance of the capacitor of the PbZrO3 and paraelectric heterostructure is demonstrated to be larger than that of the isolated paraelectric capacitor at room temperature, indicating the existence of the static negative capacitance. The opposite variation trends of the voltage and charge transients in a circuit of the PbZrO3 capacitor in series with an external resistor demonstrate the existence of transient negative capacitance effect. Strikingly, four negative capacitance effects are observed in the antiferroelectric system during one cycle scan of voltage pulses, different from the ferroelectric counterpart with two negative capacitance effects. The polarization vector mapping, electric field and free energy analysis reveal the rich local regions of negative capacitance effect with the negative dP/dE and (δ2G)⁄(δD2), producing stronger negative capacitance effect. The observation of negative capacitance effect in antiferroelectric films significantly extends the range of its potential application and reduces the power dissipation further.
Anomalous and anisotropic nonlinear susceptibility in the proximate Kitaev magnet α-RuCl3
Authors: Holleis Ludwig , Prestigiacomo Joseph C. , Fan Zhijie , Nishimoto Satoshi , Osofsky Michael , Chern Gia-Wei , van den Brink Jeroen , Shivaram B. S.
Published: July 2021

The leading order nonlinear (NL) susceptibility, χ3, in a paramagnet is negative and diverges as T → 0. This divergence is destroyed when spins correlate and the NL response provides unique insights into magnetic order. Dimensionality, exchange interaction, and preponderance of quantum effects all imprint their signatures in the NL magnetic response. Here, we study the NL susceptibilities in the proximate Kitaev magnet α-RuCl3, which differs from the expected antiferromagnetic behavior. For T < Tc = 7.5 K and field B in the ab-plane, we obtain contrasting NL responses in low (<2 T) and high field regions. For low fields, the NL behavior is dominated by a quadratic response (positive χ2), which shows a rapid rise below Tc. This large χ2 > 0 implies a broken sublattice symmetry of magnetic order at low temperatures. Classical Monte Carlo (CMC) simulations in the standard K − H − Γ model secure such a quadratic B dependence of M, only for T ≈ Tc with χ2 being zero as T → 0. It is also zero for all temperatures in exact diagonalization calculations. On the other hand, we find an exclusive cubic term (χ3) that describes the high field NL behavior well. χ3 is large and positive both below and above Tc crossing zero only for T > 50 K. In contrast, for B ∥ c-axis, no separate low/high field behaviors are measured and only a much smaller χ3 is apparent.
Perpetrator pose reinstatement during a lineup test increases discrimination accuracy
Authors: Colloff Melissa F. , Seale-Carlisle Travis M. , Karoğlu Nilda , Rockey James C. , Smith Harriet M. J. , Smith Lisa , Maltby John , Yaremenko Sergii , Flowe Heather D.
Published: July 2021

We examined how encoding view influences the information that is stored in and retrieved from memory during an eyewitness identification task. Participants watched a mock crime and we varied the angle from which they viewed the perpetrator. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 2904) were tested with a static photo lineup; the viewing angle of the lineup members was the same or different from the perpetrator at encoding. In Experiment 2, participants (N = 1430) were tested with a novel interactive lineup in which they could rotate the lineup faces into any angle. In both experiments, discrimination accuracy was greater when the viewing angle at encoding and test matched. Participants reinstated the angle of the interactive faces to match their encoding angle. Our results highlight the importance of encoding specificity for eyewitness identification, and show that people actively seek out information in the testing environment that matches the study environment to aid memory retrieval.
Untargeted metabolomics approach to discriminate mistletoe commercial products
Authors: Vanhaverbeke Cécile , Touboul David , Elie Nicolas , Prévost Martine , Meunier Cécile , Michelland Sylvie , Cunin Valérie , Ma Ling , Vermijlen David , Delporte Cédric , Pochet Stéphanie , Le Gouellec Audrey , Sève Michel , Van Antwerpen Pierre , Souard Florence
Published: July 2021

Mistletoe (Viscum albumL.) is used in German-speaking European countries in the field of integrative oncology linking conventional and complementary medicine therapies to improve quality of life. Various companies sell extracts, fermented or not, for injection by subcutaneous or intra-tumoral route with a regulatory status of anthroposophic medicinal products (European Medicinal Agency (EMA) assessment status). These companies as well as anthroposophical physicians argue that complex matrices composed of many molecules in mixture are necessary for activity and that the host tree of the mistletoe parasitic plant is the main determining factor for this matrix composition. The critical point is that parenteral devices of European mistletoe extracts do not have a standard chemical composition regulated by EMA quality guidelines, because they are not drugs, regulatory speaking. However, the mechanism of mistletoe’s anticancer activity and its effectiveness in treating and supporting cancer patients are not fully understood. Because of this lack of transparency and knowledge regarding the matrix chemical composition, we undertook an untargeted metabolomics study of several mistletoe extracts to explore and compare their fingerprints by LC-(HR)MS(/MS) and1H-NMR. Unexpectedly, we showed that the composition was primarily driven by the manufacturer/preparation method rather than the different host trees. This differential composition may cause differences in immunostimulating and anti-cancer activities of the different commercially available mistletoe extracts as illustrated by structure–activity relationships based on LC–MS/MS and1H-NMR identifications completed by docking experiments. In conclusion, in order to move towards an evidence-based medicine use of mistletoe, it is a priority to bring rigor and quality, chemically speaking.
A new approach to precise mapping of local temperature fields in submicrometer aqueous volumes
Authors: Romshin Alexey M. , Zeeb Vadim , Martyanov Artem K. , Kudryavtsev Oleg S. , Pasternak Dmitrii G. , Sedov Vadim S. , Ralchenko Victor G. , Sinogeykin Andrey G. , Vlasov Igor I.
Published: July 2021

Nanodiamonds hosting temperature-sensing centers constitute a closed thermodynamic system. Such a system prevents direct contact of the temperature sensors with the environment making it an ideal environmental insensitive nanosized thermometer. A new design of a nanodiamond thermometer, based on a 500-nm luminescent nanodiamond embedded into the inner channel of a glass submicron pipette is reported. All-optical detection of temperature, based on spectral changes of the emission of “silicon-vacancy” centers with temperature, is used. We demonstrate the applicability of the thermometric tool to the study of temperature distribution near a local heater, placed in an aqueous medium. The calculated and experimental values of temperatures are shown to coincide within measurement error at gradients up to 20 °C/μm. Until now, temperature measurements on the submicron scale at such high gradients have not been performed. The new thermometric tool opens up unique opportunities to answer the urgent paradigm-shifting questions of cell physiology thermodynamics.
Characterization of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Khan Anwar Sheed , Phelan Jody E. , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Ali Sajid , Qasim Muhammad , Napier Gary , Campino Susana , Ahmad Sajjad , Cabral-Marques Otavio , Zhang Shulin , Rahman Hazir , Wei Dong-Qing , Clark Taane G. , Khan Taj Ali
Published: July 2021

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is endemic in Pakistan. Resistance to both firstline rifampicin and isoniazid drugs (multidrug-resistant TB; MDR-TB) is hampering disease control. Rifampicin resistance is attributed to rpoB gene mutations, but rpoA and rpoC loci may also be involved. To characterise underlying rifampicin resistance mutations in the TB endemic province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, we sequenced 51 M. tuberculosis isolates collected between 2016 and 2019; predominantly, MDR-TB (n = 44; 86.3%) and lineage 3 (n = 30, 58.8%) strains. We found that known mutations in rpoB (e.g. S405L), katG (e.g. S315T), or inhA promoter loci explain the MDR-TB. There were 24 unique mutations in rpoA, rpoB, and rpoC genes, including four previously unreported. Five instances of within-host resistance diversity were observed, where two were a mixture of MDR-TB strains containing mutations in rpoB, katG, and the inhA promoter region, as well as compensatory mutations in rpoC. Heteroresistance was observed in two isolates with a single lineage. Such complexity may reflect the high transmission nature of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa setting. Our study reinforces the need to apply sequencing approaches to capture the full-extent of MDR-TB genetic diversity, to understand transmission, and to inform TB control activities in the highly endemic setting of Pakistan.
Low testosterone and cardiometabolic risks in a real-world study of US male firefighters
Authors: Ranadive Sushant M. , Lofrano-Porto Adriana , Soares Edgard M. K. V. K. , Eagan Lauren , Porto Luiz Guilherme Grossi , Smith Denise L.
Published: July 2021

Low serum total testosterone (TT) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and metabolic derangements, with fatty liver (FL) emerging as an additional cardiometabolic threat. We investigated the associations between TT and cardiometabolic (CM) health in 298 US male firefighters. Cross-sectional data from occupational health examination were analyzed. TT was categorized as low (< 264 ng/dL), borderline (264–399 ng/dL), and reference (400–916 ng/dL). Conventional CM risk factors were compared among TT categories, and between firefighters with and without FL. 81% of firefighters were obese/overweight; almost 40% had FL. In the low-TT group, only 3.1% had normal BMI, while 78.1% had FL. The low-TT group had a worse CM profile, independently of age and BMI, and a fourfold higher adjusted odds of having FL. FL was associated with lower TT, regardless of age, BMI and HbA1c. Having a FL, HbA1c ≥ 5.7% or triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL increased the odds for low-TT by 4.1, 2.7 and 6.6 times, respectively. These real-world data reveal strong associations between low-TT and CM risk factors and support a call for action towards screening for low-TT and FL, regardless of age, BMI or dysmetabolic conditions in firefighters. Recognizing cardiometabolic risks in firefighters provides an opportunity to lessen cardiovascular diseases burden.
Deregulation of protein phosphatase 2A inhibitor SET is associated with malignant progression in breast cancer
Authors: Tozuka Katsunori , Wongsirisin Pattama , Nagai Shigenori E. , Kobayashi Yasuhito , Kanno Miki , Kubo Kazuyuki , Takai Ken , Inoue Kenichi , Matsumoto Hiroshi , Shimizu Yoshihito , Suganuma Masami
Published: July 2021

To understand the mechanism underlying metastasis, identification of a mechanism-based and common biomarker for circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in heterogenous breast cancer is needed. SET, an endogenous inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A, was overexpressed in all subtypes of invasive breast carcinoma tissues. Treatment with SET-targeted siRNAs reduced the motility of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in transwell assay. SET knockdown reduced the number of mammospheres by 60–70% in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which was associated with the downregulation of OCT4 and SLUG. Hence, we analysed the presence of SET-expressing CTCs (SET-CTCs) in 24 breast cancer patients. CTCs were enriched using a size-based method and then immunocytochemically analysed using an anti-SET antibody. SET-CTCs were detected in 6/6 (100%) patients with recurrent breast cancer with a median value of 12 (12 cells/3 mL blood), and in 13/18 (72.2%) patients with stage I–III breast cancer with a median value of 2.5, while the median value of healthy controls was 0. Importantly, high numbers of SET-CTCs were correlated with lymph node metastasis in patients with stage I–III disease. Our results indicate that SET contributes to breast cancer progression and can act as a potential biomarker of CTCs for the detection of metastasis.
Levosimendan increases brain tissue oxygen levels after cardiopulmonary resuscitation independent of cardiac function and cerebral perfusion
Authors: García-Bardon Andreas , Kamuf Jens , Ziebart Alexander , Liu Tanghua , Krebs Nadia , Dünges Bastian , Kelm Robert F. , Morsbach Svenja , Mohr Kristin , Heimann Axel , Hartmann Erik K. , Thal Serge C.
Published: July 2021

Prompt reperfusion is important to rescue ischemic tissue; however, the process itself presents a key pathomechanism that contributes to a poor outcome following cardiac arrest. Experimental data have suggested the use of levosimendan to limit ischemia–reperfusion injury by improving cerebral microcirculation. However, recent studies have questioned this effect. The present study aimed to investigate the influence on hemodynamic parameters, cerebral perfusion and oxygenation following cardiac arrest by ventricular fibrillation in juvenile male pigs. Following the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), animals were randomly assigned to levosimendan (12 µg/kg, followed by 0.3 µg/kg/min) or vehicle treatment for 6 h. Levosimendan-treated animals showed significantly higher brain PbtO2 levels. This effect was not accompanied by changes in cardiac output, preload and afterload, arterial blood pressure, or cerebral microcirculation indicating a local effect. Cerebral oxygenation is key to minimizing damage, and thus, current concepts are aimed at improving impaired cardiac output or cerebral perfusion. In the present study, we showed that NIRS does not reliably detect low PbtO2 levels and that levosimendan increases brain oxygen content. Thus, levosimendan may present a promising therapeutic approach to rescue brain tissue at risk following cardiac arrest or ischemic events such as stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Resolving different presynaptic activity patterns within single olfactory glomeruli of Xenopus laevis larvae
Authors: Topci Rodi , Alevra Mihai , Rauf Erik H. U. , de Jong-Bolm Daniëlle
Published: July 2021

Olfactory sensing is generally organized into groups of similarly sensing olfactory receptor neurons converging into their corresponding glomerulus, which is thought to behave as a uniform functional unit. It is however unclear to which degree axons within a glomerulus show identical activity, how many converge into a glomerulus, and to answer these questions, how it is possible to visually separate them in live imaging. Here we investigate activity of olfactory receptor neurons and their axon terminals throughout olfactory glomeruli using electrophysiological recordings and rapid 4D calcium imaging. While single olfactory receptor neurons responsive to the same odor stimulus show a diversity of responses in terms of sensitivity and spontaneous firing rate on the level of the somata, their pre-synaptic calcium activity in the glomerulus is homogeneous. In addition, we could not observe the correlated spontaneous calcium activity that is found on the post-synaptic side throughout mitral cell dendrites and has been used in activity correlation imaging. However, it is possible to induce spatio-temporal presynaptic response inhomogeneities by applying trains of olfactory stimuli with varying amino acid concentrations. Automated region-of-interest detection and correlation analysis then visually distinguishes at least two axon subgroups per glomerulus that differ in odor sensitivity.
The energy allocation trade-offs underlying life history traits in hypometabolic strepsirhines and other primates
Authors: Simmen Bruno , Morino Luca , Blanc Stéphane , Garcia Cécile
Published: July 2021

Life history, brain size and energy expenditure scale with body mass in mammals but there is little conclusive evidence for a correlated evolution between life history and energy expenditure (either basal/resting or daily) independent of body mass. We addressed this question by examining the relationship between primate free-living daily energy expenditure (DEE) measured by doubly labeled water method (n = 18 species), life history variables (maximum lifespan, gestation and lactation duration, interbirth interval, litter mass, age at first reproduction), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and brain size. We also analyzed whether the hypometabolic primates of Madagascar (lemurs) make distinct energy allocation tradeoffs compared to other primates (monkeys and apes) with different life history traits and ecological constraints. None of the life-history traits correlated with DEE after controlling for body mass and phylogeny. In contrast, a regression model showed that DEE increased with increasing RMR and decreasing reproductive output (i.e., litter mass/interbirth interval) independent of body mass. Despite their low RMR and smaller brains, lemurs had an average DEE remarkably similar to that of haplorhines. The data suggest that lemurs have evolved energy strategies that maximize energy investment to survive in the unusually harsh and unpredictable environments of Madagascar at the expense of reproduction.
Two dimensional V2O3 and its experimental feasibility as robust room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator
Authors: Mellaerts Simon , Meng Ruishen , Menghini Mariela , Afanasiev Valeri , Seo Jin Won , Houssa Michel , Locquet Jean-Pierre
Published: July 2021

The possibility of dissipationless chiral edge states without the need of an external magnetic field in the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) offers a great potential in electronic/spintronic applications. The biggest hurdle for the realization of a room-temperature magnetic Chern insulator is to find a structurally stable material with a sufficiently large energy gap and Curie temperature that can be easily implemented in electronic devices. This work based on first-principle methods shows that a single atomic layer of V2O3 with honeycomb–kagome (HK) lattice is structurally stable with a spin-polarized Dirac cone which gives rise to a room-temperature QAHE by the existence of an atomic on-site spin–orbit coupling (SOC). Moreover, by a strain and substrate study, it was found that the quantum anomalous Hall system is robust against small deformations and can be supported by a graphene substrate.
Decoding brain states on the intrinsic manifold of human brain dynamics across wakefulness and sleep
Authors: Rué-Queralt Joan , Stevner Angus , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Laufs Helmut , Kringelbach Morten L. , Deco Gustavo , Atasoy Selen
Published: July 2021

Current state-of-the-art functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers remarkable imaging quality and resolution, yet, the intrinsic dimensionality of brain dynamics in different states (wakefulness, light and deep sleep) remains unknown. Here we present a method to reveal the low dimensional intrinsic manifold underlying human brain dynamics, which is invariant of the high dimensional spatio-temporal representation of the neuroimaging technology. By applying this intrinsic manifold framework to fMRI data acquired in wakefulness and sleep, we reveal the nonlinear differences between wakefulness and three different sleep stages, and successfully decode these different brain states with a mean accuracy across participants of 96%. Remarkably, a further group analysis shows that the intrinsic manifolds of all participants share a common topology. Overall, our results reveal the intrinsic manifold underlying the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity and demonstrate how this manifold enables the decoding of different brain states such as wakefulness and various sleep stages.
Platinum-based chemotherapyviananocarriers and co-delivery of multiple drugs
Authors: Xian Caihong , Chen Haolin , Xiong Fei , Fang Yifen , Huang Hai , Wu Jun
Published: July 2021

Schematic of platinum-based chemotherapyviananocarriers and co-delivery of multiple drugs.
Iron cation vacancies in Pt(iv)-doped hematite
Authors: Anenburg Michael , Wykes Jeremy L. , Troitzsch Ulrike , Le Losq Charles , Chen Jeff
Published: July 2021

Platinum-doping of hematite (α-Fe2O3) is a popular method to increase the performance of hematite in photoelectrochemical applications. Here we show that the additional charge caused by Pt4+is balanced by an Fe3+vacancy.
Near-IR emission of InGaN quasi-quantum dots on non-polar GaN nanowire structures
Authors: Um Dae-Young , Ra Yong-Ho , Park Ji-Hyeon , Hong Ga-Eun , Lee Cheul-Ro
Published: July 2021

In group III-nitride based semiconductor structures, the incorporation of high-indium-composition InGaN has been severely limited by extremely inefficient strain-induced polarization fields and prohibitively large defect densities.
Improving the temperature-dependent sensitivity of Ca9Y(PO4)7:Ce3+,Mn2+ and g-C3N4 composite phosphors by mechanical mixing
Authors: Gong Yuming , Liang Yujun , Liu Shiqi , Li Haoran , Bi Yanying , Wang Qiangke , Dou Yi
Published: July 2021

Luminescent properties of CYPO:Ce3+,Mn2+/g-C3N4 at different temperatures under 318 nm excitation.
Selective preparation and reaction kinetics of dimethyl carbonate from alcoholysis of methyl carbamate with methanol over ZnAl-LDO
Authors: Jia Bo , Sun Xiaoyu , Chen Ming , Jian Jian , You Kuiyi , Luo He'an , Huang Yangqiang , Luo Xiao , Jin Bo , Wang Nailiang , Liang Zhiwu
Published: July 2021

Possible reaction mechanism of synthesis of DMC from MC and methanol over the ZnAl-LDO catalyst.
Experimental evidence that halogen bonding catalyzes the heterogeneous chlorination of alkenes in submicron liquid droplets
Authors: Zeng Meirong , Wilson Kevin R.
Published: July 2021

The heterogeneous chlorination rate of an alkene is unexpectedly accelerated in the presence of spectator molecules containing oxygenated functional groups, which suggests weak halogen bonds can catalyze reactions at liquid surfaces.
Epoc group: transformable protecting group with gold(iii)-catalyzed fluorene formation
Authors: Yamamoto Tomoya , Chang Tsung-Che , Tanaka Katsunori
Published: July 2021

A protecting group removable with gold(iii)-catalyzed fluorene formation and the subsequent addition of piperidine was developed.
Performance enhancement of a p-Si/n-ZnGa2O4 heterojunction solar-blind UV photodetector through interface engineering
Authors: Han Dongyang , Liu Kewei , Yang Jialin , Chen Xing , Li Binghui , Liu Lei , Shen Dezhen
Published: July 2021

Introduction of an SiO2 interfacial layer significantly enhanced the performance of a p-Si/n-ZnGa2O4 heterojunction solar-blind UV photodetector.
Freezing-tolerant, widely detectable and ultra-sensitive composite organohydrogel for multiple sensing applications
Authors: Xie Zhihui , Li Heng , Mi Hao-Yang , Feng Pei-Yong , Liu Yuejun , Jing Xin
Published: July 2021

The excellent properties and the multiple sensing applications of the PDA-rGO/SA/PAM organohydrogel.
Edge feature enhancement approach using hilbert transform of Cauchy distribution and its applications
Authors: Wang Ke , Rohde Gustavo K. , Xiao Jian
Published: July 2021

Building on past work showing that the Hilbert transform can be used for edge feature enhancement, a new edge feature enhancement method is developed using a two‐dimensional (2D) isotropic Hilbert transform of the Cauchy distribution. First, both the shape of the Hilbert kernel and the Hilbert transform of edge feature models (step and delta) and various simulated signals result in edge feature enhancement, the properties of which are derived and confirmed. Second, Cauchy distribution as low‐pass filter is introduced in Hilbert transform to get new edge feature enhancement operator, and its efficiency under various criteria is comprehensively discussed. Third, a 2D isotropic extension is presented using a circularly symmetric window function. Finally, two experiments, including edge detection and image segmentation, are performed to validate the proposed edge feature enhancement method. The experimental results of the method applied to the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset and remote sensing images demonstrate that the new method is effective for edge detection and image segmentation.