bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating In Silico and In vitro Approaches to Screen the Antidiabetic Properties from Trachyspermum ammi leaves
Authors: Raju M. Ganga , Priya G. Shanthi , N. V. L. Suvarchala Reddy V.  , Reddy M. Sushma
Published: December 2023

AIM: The purpose of this study was to explore the possible mechanisms through which Trachyspermum ammi may be beneficial in managing diabetes by in vitro methods and to predict the potential bioactive constituent/s responsible for its anti-diabetic activity through in silico docking study.

Study Design: This study engaged in vitro and in silico studies to investigate the enzyme inhibition assay and molecular docking studies of phytochemical constituents when compare with standard treatment.

Place and Duration of Study: Gokaraju Rangaraju college of pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India. December 2021-2022.

Methodology: Methanolic leaf extract of Trachyspermum ammi was prepared using maceration extraction. Plant extract was evaluated for its in vitro anti-diabetic activity. Further, docking screening was performed using Mcule software to predict potential moiety which may be responsible for its anti-diabetic activity.

Results: Maceration extraction resulted in extractive yield of 16.15%. The presence of phenolic and flavonoid components in extract (135.59 ± 8.87 GAE/gm and 62.1 ± 4.17 quercetin/gm) dried extract respectively. In vitro anti-diabetic assays revealed that anti-hyperglycaemic activity of this plant can be attributed to its high efficiency to inhibit α-amylase (69.7%) and glucosidase (62.23%) enzymatic activity and protein glycation assay (95.23%), which are well established targets for the management of diabetes. Further, through docking studies we predicted that Apigenin, luteolin, Germacrene D and γ-Tocopherol present in this plant might be responsible for the anti-diabetic properties exhibited by this plant. These results provide a scientific justification for the traditional anti-diabetic use of this plant

Conclusion: It may control diabetes through lowering dietary glucose uptake. Predicted anti-diabetic molecules need to be screened further for the management of hyperglycemia. It may conclude that Trachyspermum ammi is an important vegetable with a potent source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic activity justifying its traditional use in green therapeutics.
An Exceptional Cardiac Myxoma Case Defying Convention
Authors: Bezza Sofia , Cherki Assala , Eljamilia Mohammed , Karimi Saloua El , Elhattaoui Mustapha
Published: December 2023

Background: Cardiac myxomas, the most common primary heart neoplasms, primarily originate in the left atrium and carry the potential for serious complications, including mitral valve obstruction and embolic events. Here, we report a rare case of a left atrial myxoma leading to complete atrioventricular block.

Objectives: through this case we aim to highlight the variety and complexity of cardiac myxomas

Observation: A 60-year-old male, with no history of diabetes or hypertension, presented with exertional dyspnea (NYHA class III), lipothymia, and a diastolic murmur in the mitral area. Extensive evaluation revealed a third-degree atrioventricular block. Urgent surgery successfully removed the myxoma, and a permanent pacemaker was implanted postoperatively. The patient had an uneventful recovery and improved during follow-up.

Discussion: Cardiac myxomas are rare, accounting for approximately 0.2% of all neoplasms. Clinical presentations vary, with many patients remaining asymptomatic until complications occur. Echocardiography is essential for detection, while electrocardiographic abnormalities may provide diagnostic insights. Surgical removal is the standard treatment, emphasizing the importance of timely intervention.

Conclusion: Cardiac myxomas present a diverse clinical spectrum, highlighting the need for timely detection and intervention. Surgical removal remains crucial to prevent complications and secure favorable patient outcomes.
Recycling of Local Phosphate Waste - mineralized Mass into Activated Phosphorus Fertilizers
Authors: Sultonov B. E. , Nozimov E. S. , Kholmatov D. S.
Published: December 2023

The manuscript provides the results of the process of obtaining activated phosphorus fertilizer (APF) by nitric acid processing of mineralized mass (MM) of phosphate waste, which formed during the sorting stage of thermal beneficiation of Central Kyzylkum (CK) phosphorites. For experiments was used MM with content 14.60% P2O5total(t.).; 3.07% P2O5acceptable by citric acid (ac.c.a.); 43.99% CaOt.; 1.01% MgO; 14.11% CO2; 1.04% Al2O3; 0.89% Fe2O3; 1.58% SO3; 1.30% F; 1.02% H2O; CaO:P2O5 – 3.01 and 10.82% insoluble residual. The optimal concentrations and norms of nitric acid have been determined. Phosphorus fertilizer suspensions were neutralized with Ca(OH)2 suspension in order to prevent P2O5 from passing into the solution. APF obtained in optimal parameters has the following composition (weight, %): 20.42-20.58 P2O5total(t.); 11.02-11.72 P2O5ac.c.a.; 38.87-39.01CaOt.; 23,39-24,48 CaO ac.c.a.. The degree of transition of P2O5 to liquid phase is 2.02-2.06%.
Physicochemical, Nutritional and Functional Properties of Composite Flour Blends from Whole Wheat, Sweet Potato, Defatted Peanut and Rice Bran
Authors: Chiedu Udeh Charles , Abiodun Malomo Sunday , Steve Ijarotimi Oluwole , Eguono Emojorho Ernest , Joy Arogundade Toyin
Published: December 2023

The surge in import duty, which inflated the production cost of baked products, gave an impetus composite flour formulation from locally available crops with improved nutritional and health-promoting benefits. The present study thus, aimed to formulate and determine the nutritional, phytochemical, functional and pasting properties of composite flour from blends of whole wheat, sweet potato, defatted peanut and rice bran while commercial wheat flour (CWF) was used as the control. The raw materials used for the formulation of the composite flour such as whole wheat grains, sweet potato and peanut seeds were purchased from the Shasha market in Akure, Nigeria while rice bran was obtained from a local rice mill in Ise-Ekiti, Nigeria. The food crops were authenticated at the Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria. The protein (15.81-21.98%) and the fiber (7.93-10.82%) contents of the composite flour were significantly (p≤0.05) higher than that of the control 13.69% and 1.86%, respectively. The composite flour had improved essential minerals elements (magnesium, zinc, calcium and phosphorus). Similarly, the total essential amino acids (26.73-34.27 g/100 g), essential amino acid index (80.03-102.13%) and biological value (75.53-99.62%) of the composite flour were higher than that of the control (25.79 g/100 g, 76.85% and 72.07%), respectively. Moreso, the flour blends also demonstrated better phytochemical and pasting properties over the control samples. This study therefore, established that composite flour with improved macro- and micro-nutrients could be formulated from blends of whole wheat, sweet potato, defatted peanut and rice bran. The composite flour, which could serve as better replacement for commercial wheat flour in baked products, thereby reducing the cost incurred on wheat importation as well as ensuring food security in most developing nations like Nigeria
Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Rate in Central Region of Ghana Health
Authors: Arhin Benjamin
Published: December 2023

The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has recently garnered significant attention from public health experts. Recognised as a cost-effective strategy, EBF significantly enhances the well-being of both mothers and infants. This study investigates the factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices in Ghana's Central Region, with a focus on the role of socio-demographic characteristics. The study used a cross-sectional study design and a structured questionnaire to collect data from 358 breastfeeding mothers across 15 health centres in the Central Region of Ghana. The findings reveal a weak but statistically significant correlation between socio-demographic characteristics and EBF practices (Pearson correlation r = 0.179, P = 0.001), indicating that factors such as maternal age, education, marital status, and number of births modestly influence EBF practices. Similarly, a weak negative correlation was observed between socio-demographic factors and current breastfeeding rates (Pearson correlation = 0.105 r = 0.105, P = 0.048), suggesting some level of impact by these variables. However, the relationship between working status and breastfeeding practices was found to be non-significant (Pearson correlation = 0.011, r = 0.011, P = 0.181). Based on these findings, the study recommends tailored public health interventions that address specific demographic characteristics, enhanced awareness and education on EBF, the development of breastfeeding-friendly workplace policies, and further research utilising qualitative methods to better understand the complexities of breastfeeding behavior.
Influence of Integrated Weed and Nutrient Management on Productivity and Profitability of Summer Maize (Zea mays) Under Rainfed Condition of Assam, India
Authors: Saini Ravindar , Sarmah Anjan Krishna , Dutta Rinjumoni , Paul Shantonu , Sharma Pramod Kumar , Choudhary Rampal , Kumar Ashok
Published: December 2023

A field experiment was conducted at the Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during the summer season of the year 2020 to evaluate the effects of integrated weed and nutrient management on weed growth, yield attributes and yield of summer maize. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design and replicated thrice. The treatment consisted of three nutrient management practice viz., 100% RDF (N1); N1+ 25 kg ZnSO4/ha (N2) and  75 % RDN and 100 % P2O5 and K2O through chemical fertilizer (CF) + 25 % N through vermicompost + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha (N3) and four weed management practices viz., weedy check (WM1), live mulching with cowpea (WM2), WM2 + hand weeding at 25 and 45 DAS (WM3) and Atrazine 500g+Pendimethalin 500g/ha followed by hand weeding at 45 DAS (WM4). Experimental findings revealed that the different INM practices significantly affected the growth parameters, yield and yield attributes of summer maize. The maximum values of growth parameters were recorded in the treatment involving application of 75 % RDN and 100 % P2O5 and K2O through chemical fertilizer + 25 % N through vermicompost + 25 kg ZnSO4/ha (N3). Similarly, yield and yield attributing characters viz., weight of cob with and without husk, length of cob without husk, number of rows per cobs, grain per row, grain per cob, 1000 grain weight, shelling percentage, grain (23.76 q/ha) and stover (74.55 q/ha) yield. The growth, yield and yield attributing parameters of maize were significantly affected by the different weed management practices. Pre emergence application of Atrazine 500g+Pendimethalin 500g/ha followed by hand weeding at 45 DAS (WM4) resulted the highest value of yield. The highest grain (21.77 q/ha) and stover (71.12 q/ha) yield were recorded in the treatment WM4.The interaction effects of different nutrient and weed management practices were found not significant. The economic study revealed that the highest gross return (₹.1, 03816.00/ha), net return (₹.67, 956.00) and B: C (1.90) were recorded from the treatment combination N3WM4.
Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Performance in Parkinson's Disease Patients with Normal Cognition: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alanazi Abeer , Albakheit Reema , Alzahrani Hamad
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Cognitive decline is one of Parkinson's disease's (PD) non-motor symptoms that is most frequently observed. Patients with PD exhibit quick cognitive decline in a variety of cognitive domains, particularly in the areas of executive functions, attention, language, memory, and visuospatial abilities. The scope of PD patients with normal cognition (PD-NC) and its relationship to specific regions of the brain as shown by neuroimaging, have not received much attention in the literature.

Objective: This review was to summarise the existing literature that explored cognitive performance in PD-NC using different neuroimaging techniques.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Web of Science databases. This review focused on papers that investigated neuroimaging and neuropsychological performance in patients with PD. A total of 17 articles have met the criteria.

Results: The findings of this review were that executive functions appear to be the most critical cognitive domain to be damaged in PD-NC. Global cognitive ability was found to have insignificant decline overall between PD-NC and healthy controls (HC). Attention and executive functions were associated with the prefrontal cortex. Memory was mainly associated with hippocampal atrophy. Language was associated with cerebrospinal fluid and grey matter. Visuospatial ability was associated with the anterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusion:  This review illustrated that PD-NC seemed to experience different cognitive patterns and neuroanatomical changes compared with HC. These results suggested that PD-NC may develop specific cognitive impairments associated with specific brain regions. Therefore, it indicated that PD-NC may need to have specific treatments tailored to their needs.
Potassium Fertilization and Application Time for Wheat Yield Improvement in Cambisols of Enderta Districts, South Eastern, Tigray
Authors: Gebreslassie Hagos Brhane , Berhe Daniel
Published: December 2023

Recently the government of Ethiopia has introduced potassium as fertilizer through the introduction of various K containing blended fertilizers. However, the optimum application rate and time of application on specific crop and soil type has not been studied yet. So, a field experiment was conducted to determine the optimum rate of potassium and its application time for wheat yield and yield components in Cambisols of Enderta district South Eastern zone of Tigray. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with 4 levels of potassium (0, 40, 60 and 80 of K2O kg/ha) with and without split application including control in three replications. Results depicted that except harvest index all the yield and yield components of wheat were influenced by potassium fertilization. Moreover, split application of K significantly affected the yield and yield components of wheat as compared to single application of full dose of K. In line with this, the highest grain and straw yields of wheat were obtained at 80 kg/ha K2O levels and statistically similar with the split application levels of 40 and 60 kg/ha K2O. This implies that the 40 kg/ha K2O at split application is economically feasible (optimum) level of K for wheat production in the Cambisols of the area studied. The highest agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity were also obtained at the level of 40 kg/ha K2O in split forms. Hence, potassium fertilization is important and should be applied in split methods rather than at full single dose at planting for increasing wheat yield and improving agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity in the Cambisols of Enderta districts.
Criminal Justice Reform Is Health Care Reform
Authors: Haber Lawrence A. , Boudin Chesa , Williams Brie A.
Published: December 2023

This Viewpoint discusses legal provisions guiding health care delivery for incarcerated individuals, the impact of the First Step Act of 2018, and future federal criminal justice reform.
Neighborhood-Level Socioeconomic Status and Prescription Fill Patterns Among Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Amrita , Blecker Saul , Li Xiyue , Kronish Ian M. , Chunara Rumi , Zheng Yaguang , Lawrence Steven , Dodson John A. , Kozloff Sam , Adhikari Samrachana
Published: December 2023

Importance

Medication nonadherence is common among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and can lead to increased hospitalization and mortality. Patients living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas may be at greater risk for medication nonadherence due to barriers such as lower access to transportation or pharmacies.

Objective

To examine the association between neighborhood-level socioeconomic status (nSES) and medication nonadherence among patients with HFrEF and to assess the mediating roles of access to transportation, walkability, and pharmacy density.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study was conducted between June 30, 2020, and December 31, 2021, at a large health system based primarily in New York City and surrounding areas. Adult patients with a diagnosis of HF, reduced EF on echocardiogram, and a prescription of at least 1 guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HFrEF were included.

Exposure

Patient addresses were geocoded, and nSES was calculated using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality SES index, which combines census-tract level measures of poverty, rent burden, unemployment, crowding, home value, and education, with higher values indicating higher nSES.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Medication nonadherence was obtained through linkage of health record prescription data with pharmacy fill data and was defined as proportion of days covered (PDC) of less than 80% over 6 months, averaged across GDMT medications.

Results

Among 6247 patients, the mean (SD) age was 73 (14) years, and majority were male (4340 [69.5%]). There were 1011 (16.2%) Black participants, 735 (11.8%) Hispanic/Latinx participants, and 3929 (62.9%) White participants. Patients in lower nSES areas had higher rates of nonadherence, ranging from 51.7% in the lowest quartile (731 of 1086 participants) to 40.0% in the highest quartile (563 of 1086 participants) (P < .001). In adjusted analysis, patients living in the lower 2 nSES quartiles had significantly higher odds of nonadherence when compared with patients living in the highest nSES quartile (quartile 1: odds ratio [OR], 1.57 [95% CI, 1.35-1.83]; quartile 2: OR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.16-1.56]). No mediation by access to transportation and pharmacy density was found, but a small amount of mediation by neighborhood walkability was observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this retrospective cohort study of patients with HFrEF, living in a lower nSES area was associated with higher rates of GDMT nonadherence. These findings highlight the importance of considering neighborhood-level disparities when developing approaches to improve medication adherence.
Skin‐Like Transparent, High Resilience, Low Hysteresis, Fatigue‐Resistant Cellulose‐Based Eutectogel for Self‐Powered E‐Skin and Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Lu Chuanwei , Wang Xinyu , Shen Yi , Xu Shijian , Huang Caoxing , Wang Chunpeng , Xie Haijiao , Wang Jifu , Yong Qiang , Chu Fuxiang
Published: December 2023

Artificial electronic skin (E‐skin), a class of promising materials mimicking the physical‐chemical and sensory performance of the human skin, has gained extensive interest in the field of human health‐monitoring and robotic skins. However, developing E‐skin simultaneously achieving high resilience, hysteresis‐free, and absent external power is always a formidable challenge. Herein, a liquid‐free eutectic gel‐based self‐powered E‐skin with high resilience, fatigue resistance, and conductivity is prepared by introducing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) into metal salt‐based deep eutectic solvents (MDES). The unique structural design of cellulose‐anchored permanent entangled poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) chain, in combination with rapid broken/reconstruction of the dense dynamic sacrificial bonds, realizes the fabrication of high‐elastic E‐skin with negligible hysteresis. This further demonstrates the promising practical application of the cellulose‐based eutectogel with high transmittance (92%), high conductivity (36.6 mS m−1), and high resilience (98.1%), and excellent environment stability in robust triboelectric nanogenerator for energy harvesting and high resilience, self‐powered E‐skin for human health‐caring and human‐machine interaction.
A Lysosome‐Targeted Magnetic Nanotorquer Mechanically Triggers Ferroptosis for Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Wei Xueyan , Li Yingze , Chen Haotian , Gao Rui , Ning Peng , Wang Yingying , Huang Wanxin , Chen Erzhen , Fang Lan , Guo Xingrong , Lv Cheng , Cheng Yu
Published: December 2023

Targeting ferroptosis has attracted exponential attention to eradicate cancer cells with high iron‐dependent growth. Increasing the level of intracellular labile iron pool via small molecules and iron‐containing nanomaterials is an effective approach to induce ferroptosis but often faces insufficient efficacy due to the fast drug metabolism and toxicity issues on normal tissues. Therefore, developing a long‐acting and selective approach to regulate ferroptosis is highly demanded in cancer treatment. Herein, a lysosome‐targeted magnetic nanotorquer (T7‐MNT) is proposed as the mechanical tool to dynamically induce the endogenous Fe2+ pool outbreak for ferroptosis of breast cancer. T7‐MNTs target lysosomes via the transferrin receptor‐mediated endocytosis in breast cancer cells. Under the programmed rotating magnetic field, T7‐MNTs generate torques to trigger endogenous Fe2+ release by disrupting the lysosomal membrane. This magneto‐mechanical manipulation can induce oxidative damage and antioxidant defense imbalance to boost frequency‐ and time‐dependent lipid peroxidization. Importantly, in vivo studies show that T7‐MNTs can efficiently trigger ferroptosis under the magnetic field and play as a long‐acting physical inducer to boost ferrotherapy efficacy in combination with RSL3. It is anticipated that this dynamic targeted strategy can be coupled with current ferroptosis inducers to achieve enhanced efficacy and inspire the design of mechanical‐based ferroptosis inducers for cancer treatment.
Schrödinger's Red Beyond 65,000 Pixel‐Per‐Inch by Multipolar Interaction in Freeform Meta‐Atom through Efficient Neural Optimizer
Authors: Lin Ronghui , Valuckas Vytautas , Do Thi Thu Ha , Nemati Arash , Kuznetsov Arseniy I. , Teng Jinghua , Ha Son Tung
Published: December 2023

Freeform nanostructures have the potential to support complex resonances and their interactions, which are crucial for achieving desired spectral responses. However, the design optimization of such structures is nontrivial and computationally intensive. Furthermore, the current “black box” design approaches for freeform nanostructures often neglect the underlying physics. Here, a hybrid data‐efficient neural optimizer for resonant nanostructures by combining a reinforcement learning algorithm and Powell's local optimization technique is presented. As a case study, silicon nanostructures with a highly‐saturated red color are designed and experimentally demonstrated. Specifically, color coordinates of (0.677, 0.304) in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity diagram – close to the ideal Schrödinger's red, with polarization independence, high reflectance (>85%), and a large viewing angle (i.e., up to ± 25°) is achieved. The remarkable performance is attributed to underlying generalized multipolar interferences within each nanostructure rather than the collective array effects. Based on that, pixel size down to ≈400 nm, corresponding to a printing resolution of 65000 pixels per inch is demonstrated. Moreover, the proposed design model requires only ≈300 iterations to effectively search a thirteen‐dimensional (13D) design space – an order of magnitude more efficient than the previously reported approaches. The work significantly extends the free‐form optical design toolbox for high‐performance flat‐optical components and metadevices.
Self‐Sacrificing Reductive Interphase for Robust and High‐Performance Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Zhang Minghao , Zhang Shaojian , Li Meng , Xiao Denghai , Fu Wei , Zhang Shanqing , Lin Zhan , Liu Chenyu
Published: December 2023

All‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs) based on sulfide solid‐state electrolytes (S‐SSEs) are considered as one of the most promising choices to address the safety hazards of traditional lithium‐ion batteries. However, the high‐voltage cathodes, such as LiCoO2 (LCO) with high‐valence Co (+3), tend to spontaneously oxidize S‐SSEs, causing polarization increase and rapid degradation. Herein, a self‐sacrificing reductive interphase consisting of CoO/Li2CO3/C, is in situ constructed on LCO surface via a simple carbon‐induced thermal reduction of LCO. With such a design, the Co valence of LCO surface is reduced to +2, reducing the oxidative nature of LCO to avoid reactions with S‐SSEs. As a result, ASSLIBs using Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) S‐SSEs achieve a high initial capacity of 144.9 mAh g‒1 at 0.2 C and retard 93.1% of initial capacity after 100 cycles. Additionally, excellent rate cyclability of 109.2 mAh g‒1 at 1.0 C with 81.5% retentive capacity for 200 cycles is attained as well. Comprehensive evidence strongly demonstrates the effectiveness of this self‐sacrificing reductive interphase in inhibiting the interfacial reactions and ensuring long‐term cyclability. The proposed concept of a self‐sacrificing reductive interface in this study paves the way for stabilizing the cathode/SSEs interface and offers a novel approach for the design of high‐performance sulfide‐based ASSLIBs.
Ion injection bipolar membrane electrodialysis realizes over 8 mol/L NaOH conversion from a brine stream
Authors: Fu Rong , Wang Huangying , Yan Junying , Li Ruirui , Wang Baoying , Jiang Chenxiao , Wang Yaoming , Xu Tongwen
Published: December 2023

The chlor‐alkali process is currently the predominant technology for caustic soda production but has several major challenges, such as enormous energy demand and supply–demand imbalance between NaOH and Cl2 in downstream industries. Herein, we propose a novel ion‐injection bipolar membrane electrodialysis (IJBMED) system that is capable of boosting water splitting in a bipolar membrane with an ultrahigh current density while omittance concentration polarization in anion‐ and cation‐exchange membranes. The results indicate that the IJBMED approach enables one‐step conversion of the NaCl‐containing brine stream into 8.12 mol/L NaOH with specific energy consumption of 0.79 kWh/kg NaOH (23 wt.% → 25 wt.%), compared to 2.15 kWh/kg NaOH (28 wt.% → 30 wt.%) for the chlor‐alkali process. The advantages of low energy consumption and omittance of chlorine emissions suggest that IJBMED might be a promising alternative to the chlor‐alkali process, revealing a new route to reshape the chemical industry for caustic soda production.
Cognitively defined Alzheimer's dementia subgroups have distinct atrophy patterns
Authors: Crane Paul K. , Groot Colin , Ossenkoppele Rik , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Choi Seo‐Eun , Lee Michael , Scollard Phoebe , Gibbons Laura E. , Sanders R. Elizabeth , Trittschuh Emily , Saykin Andrew J. , Mez Jesse , Nakano Connie , Donald Christine Mac , Sohi Harkirat ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Risacher Shannon
Published: December 2023

INTRODUCTION

We sought to determine structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics across subgroups defined based on relative cognitive domain impairments using data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and to compare cognitively defined to imaging‐defined subgroups.

METHODS

We used data from 584 people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (461 amyloid positive, 123 unknown amyloid status) and 118 amyloid‐negative controls. We used voxel‐based morphometry to compare gray matter volume (GMV) for each group compared to controls and to AD‐Memory.

RESULTS

There was pronounced bilateral lower medial temporal lobe atrophy with relative cortical sparing for AD‐Memory, lower left hemisphere GMV for AD‐Language, anterior lower GMV for AD‐Executive, and posterior lower GMV for AD‐Visuospatial. Formal asymmetry comparisons showed substantially more asymmetry in the AD‐Language group than any other group (p = 1.15 × 10−10). For overlap between imaging‐defined and cognitively defined subgroups, AD‐Memory matched up with an imaging‐defined limbic predominant group.

DISCUSSION

MRI findings differ across cognitively defined AD subgroups.
β‐C−H Allylation of Trialkylamines with Allenes Promoted by Synergistic Borane/Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Tang Zi‐Lu , Luo Heng , Wang Xiao‐Chen
Published: December 2023

Functionalization of the C(sp3)−H bonds of trialkylamines is challenging, especially for reactions at positions other than the α position. Herein, we report a method for β‐C(sp3)−H allylation of trialkylamines. In these reactions, which involve synergistic borane/palladium catalysis, an enamine intermediate is first generated from the amine via α,β‐dehydrogenation promoted by B(C6F5)3 and a base, and then the enamine undergoes palladium‐catalyzed reaction with an allene to give the allylation product. Because the hydride and the proton resulting from the initial dehydrogenation are ultimately shuttled to the product by B(C6F5)3 and the palladium catalyst, respectively, these reactions show excellent atom economy. The establishment of this method paves the way for future studies of C−H functionalization of trialkylamines by means of synergistic borane/transition‐metal catalysis.
Maintaining high‐triglyceride content and reducing free fatty acids in distillers corn oil: A catalyst‐free multivariate strategy
Authors: Villarruel Emilia Monserrat Ortiz , de Carvalho Filho José Faustino Souza , Garcia Marco Aurélio Suller , de Almeida João Monnerat Araujo Ribeiro , Aranda Donato Alexandre Gomes , Romano Pedro Nothaft
Published: December 2023

Distillers corn oil (DCO), a byproduct of corn ethanol production, offers an alternative glyceride source for biodiesel production. Nonetheless, its higher free fatty acids (FFA) content compared to other vegetable oils hampers its direct conversion into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) due to soap formation, catalysts' activity decreasing, and emulsions generation (thus reducing FAME yield), which compromise the quality and stability of the biodiesel produced. Thus, pretreatment steps such as esterification may reduce the FFA to mitigate these issues. In this context, by utilizing glycerine, a solution emerges: esterifying these high‐acidity oils to convert FFA into triglycerides (TAG) before transesterification. However, little is known about how integrated reaction conditions can affect the process in a catalyst‐free system. Thus, our study was guided by a clear‐cut objective: transforming DCO into a raw material ideally suited for biodiesel production, which involved a dramatic reduction in FFA content, reducing it from 18% to a mere 2% while preserving a high concentration of TAG. For that, we systematically employed a response surface methodology with a three‐factorial central composite design to investigate the complex interactions among key parameters: temperature, vacuum pressure, and the glycerol/oil mass ratio. Elevated temperatures and a 2:1 glycerol/oil mass ratio were beneficial for FFA reduction, increased TAG content, and improved oil color. Interaction analysis identified synergistic temperature and vacuum pressure effects on FFA reduction, TAG production, and photometric color index reduction, revealing optimal conditions. Hence, the statistical model highlights DCO as a viable oil for future transesterification processes, laying the foundation for an eco‐friendly and economically efficient biodiesel production network.
A novel cat swarm optimization‐based fuzzy PI controller for improving dynamic response of converter
Authors: Priya Kanjikovil Marimuthu , Balakumaran Thangaraju
Published: December 2023

Nowadays, the use of fuel cells in various applications has become very widespread. Some of their most important applications are in electric vehicles (EVs) and local off‐grid power systems. An EV works as an electric motor that burns a mixture of fuel and gases to generate electricity. One of the challenges with fuel cells is the slow dynamic response to load power changes. In the past few decades, the modeling and control of DC‐DC converters have undergone extensive research and development. However, the error, settling time, and peak overshoot performance are not reduced by the robust nonlinear controller and current mode controller. To overcome these problems, quantile regressive extreme seeking cat swarm optimized Mamdani fuzzy PI controller (QRESCSO‐MFPIC) approach is developed. The goal of the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach is to reduce the integral time absolute error (ITAE) for tuning the fuzzy PI controller. Initializing the fuzzy PI controller parameter is an input in the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach. For every parameter value, the fitness function is determined and quantile regression analysis is carried out. The efficiency of the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach is measured by evaluating the settling time and peak overshoot. Tuning of the PI controller is carried out with cat swarm optimization (CSO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the objective function of ITAE. The result analysis shows that the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach improves the efficiency of an optimized Fuzzy PI controller compared to the existing methods. Peak overshoot reduction and settling time are improved through the QRESCSO‐MFPIC approach than the proportional integral particle swarm optimization controller (PI‐PSO).
Development of stealth nanoparticles coated with poly(2‐methoxyethyl vinyl ether) as an alternative to poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Fujiura Kento , Naito Mitsuru , Tanaka Yukiko , Tanaka Masaru , Nakanishi Yurie , Ejima Hirotaka , Negishi Lumi , Kujirai Tomoya , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Ohta Seiichi , Miyata Kanjiro
Published: December 2023

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) modification, also known as PEGylation, has been extensively used to improve the stability of nanoparticles for nanomedical applications. However, PEG exhibits antigenicity in some formulations, motivating researchers to explore alternative polymers. Herein, poly(vinyl ether) (PVE) derivatives are highlighted as promising alternatives to PEG because they form intermediate water molecules that suppress non‐specific protein adsorption and platelet adhesion to the material surface. We prepared a water‐soluble PVE derivative, poly(2‐methoxyethyl vinyl ether) (PMOVE), and utilized it as a surface modifier for gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as model nanoparticles. PMOVE with a thiol terminus was synthesized and confirmed to form an intermediate water molecule using differential scanning calorimetry. Similar to the synthesis of PEGylated AuNPs (PEG‐AuNPs), PMOVE‐modified AuNPs (PMOVE‐AuNPs) were successfully fabricated with an appreciably high density of PMOVE palisades via a thiol‐gold coordination reaction. Similar to PEG‐AuNPs, PMOVE‐AuNPs showed reduced serum protein adsorption and prolonged blood circulation. Additionally, no significant cytotoxicity was observed after incubation of a murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, with PMOVE‐AuNPs. Our results indicate that the PMOVE modification increases the stealthiness of nanoparticles that is equivalent to that achieved by PEGylation.
Difficult‐to‐express antigen generation through a co‐expression and disassociation methodology
Authors: Lieu Ricky , Chao Grace , Kennedy Emma , Sauder J. Michael , Narayanasamy Prabakaran , Pustilnik Anna , Thangaraju Adithi , Ho Carolyn , Pedroza Mariah J. , Ruiz Diana , Yang Xiaomin
Published: December 2023

Extracellular domain (ECD) antigens are crucial components for antibody discovery, in vitro assays, and epitope mapping during therapeutical antibody development. Oftentimes, those antigens are difficult to produce while retaining the biologic function/activity upon extracellular secretion in commonly used expression systems. We have developed an effective method to cope with the challenge of generating quality antigen ECDs. In this method, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) or antibody fragment antigen‐binding (Fab) region acts as a “chaperone” to stabilize the antigen ECD through forming an antibody:antigen complex. This methodology includes transient co‐expression of the complex in Chinese hamster ovary cells and then dissociation of the purified complex into individual components by low pH treatment in the presence of arginine. The antigen is then separated from the chaperone on a preparative size exclusion chromatography (pSEC) followed by an optional affinity chromatography process to remove residual Mab or Fab. We demonstrate this co‐expression/disassociation methodology on two difficult‐to‐express antigen ECDs from cluster‐of‐differentiation/cytokine family and were successful in producing stable, biologically active antigens when the common methods using Histidine‐tagged and/or Fc‐fused protein failed. This can be applied as a general approach for antigen production if a Mab or binding partner is available.
Feeling similar, being different: Immigrant youth, multicultural identities and coping with discrimination
Authors: Miglietta Anna , Rizzo Marco , Rossi Margherita
Published: December 2023

Most of the social psychology literature focuses on the difficulties that young people of migrant backgrounds (YMBs) living in Western countries have in negotiating multicultural identities and developing a sense of belonging to two cultures, emphasizing the negative consequences of feeling discriminated against. However, how YMBs who self‐identify as multicultural reconcile their feelings of integration with identity denial and discrimination has been less explored. The purpose of the present study was to examine, in a sample of YMBs living in Italy, how they reconcile their multicultural identities and perceptions of integration with feelings of rejection by segments of Italian society. Twenty‐five young adults (mean age: 24.5;SD = 4.1; Female (F) = 13) from different ethnic backgrounds participated in semistructured interviews. The results highlighted the protective role of bicultural identification in the identity of YMBs, expressed in the tendency to avoid recognizing oneself in the image of the ‘migrant’ and instead to promote that of a multicultural individual who is not different from other fellow citizens. This goal was achieved at the interpersonal and intrapersonal levels by adopting cognitive strategies of stigma avoidance such as personal/group discrimination discrepancy and doublethink. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article'sCommunity and Social Impact Statement.
Unlocking the Anticancer Potential of Ionic Liquids
Authors: Mohd Noor Najihah , Elgharbawy Amal A. M. , Moniruzzaman Muhammad , Goto Masahiro
Published: December 2023

Despite advances in cancer treatment, many types of cancer still have high mortality rates, and the existing therapies can cause considerable side effects. Therefore, discovering new therapies, especially ones with fewer side effects, is desirable to improve the outcomes for cancer patients. Ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as potential candidates for cancer treatment because of their particular physicochemical properties, which can be tailored for specific applications. In recent years, interest in exploring the potential of ILs in cancer treatment has been growing, and several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ILs in inhibiting cancer‐cell growth. This review provides insight into the anticancer potential of ILs, exploring the diverse applications and the underlying mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity toward cancer cells of ILs. Understanding the mechanisms behind the cytotoxicity of ILs can aid in the design and optimization of IL‐based cancer therapies. By focusing on specific pathways and targets, IL‐based cancer therapies may be developed that offer new possibilities for treating this devastating disease.
Morphologically Controlled Electrochemical Assembly of Pillar[6]quinone Crystals through the Interaction with Electrolytes
Authors: Hirohata Tomoki , Shida Naoki , Villani Elena , Ogoshi Tomoki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke
Published: December 2023

The morphology engineering of porous materials is advantageous for improving their properties and designing the structure of their nanopores. Among the synthetic methods available, electrochemical deposition is one of the most advantageous for shape engineering, because the reaction conditions can be easily controlled and the deposition only occurs at the electrode surface. Herein, we report the manipulation in size and shape of pillar[6]quinone (P[Q]6) crystal structure by varying the electrolytic conditions during the electrochemical synthesis. Significant morphological change was observed with the use of supporting electrolytes having different alkylammonium cations, presumably due to the host‐guest interaction between the cation and the 1,4‐dihydroxypillar[6]arene (P[HQ]6) precursor. However, when alkali metal cations were used, the morphology slightly changed, depending on the size of the alkali metal cation. Powder X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the electrochemical assembly of P[Q]6 gives the same crystal structure, while DFT calculations suggested that the change in the crystal morphology was caused by the incorporation of the cation species, which inhibited the crystal growth of P[Q]6. In addition, it was found that the manipulation in size and shape of the morphologies could also be achieved by changing the composition of the solvent.
Electrolyte and Electrode–Electrolyte Interface for Proton Batteries: Insights and Challenges
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Li Zhiwei , Ding Bing , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: December 2023

Simultaneously achieving high energy density and high‐power density in energy storage systems is a crucial direction for developing next‐generation energy storage technologies. The high capacity and rapid kinetic performance of rechargeable proton batteries provide an ideal solution for overcoming energy limitation of capacitors and power constraints of traditional metal‐ion batteries. Research efforts primarily concentrated on electrode materials design, understanding the charge storage mechanisms, and exploring the failure mechanisms. While there has been relatively less emphasis on the modifications to electrolytes and electrode‐electrolyte interfaces to enhance overall performance. Summarizing and sorting relevant work is crucial in providing direction and suggestions for future research endeavors. Herein, to improve energy density, power density, and cycle stability of proton batteries, a series of recently published studies on electrolyte and electrode‐electrolyte interfaces are discussed and reviewed. Furthermore, challenges and future directions pertaining to the electrolytes of proton batteries have been identified, offering insights to facilitate the development of proton battery technology.
Efficiency optimization for phase‐shifted full‐bridge converter with variable frequency control
Authors: Tang Yu , Liu Baozhu , Ji Danning , jia Guanlong , Yao Fang
Published: December 2023

In this paper, a control method combined with variable frequency and phase shifting is proposed, the primary purpose of which is to optimize the operating efficiency of the phase‐shift full‐bridge (PSFB) DC‐DC converter. By modeling the losses of the PSFB converter, the optimal switching frequency related to the load conditions is found. A neural network aided variable frequency controller that can work linearly is built to achieve the proposed method. At the same time, the voltage control loop is retained to ensure the stability of the output voltage and the necessary dynamic response of the converter. This paper builds an experimental platform for a 2 kW PSFB DC‐DC converter to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. With the control method proposed in this paper, the PSFB converter can always work at the optimum efficiency point under different load conditions. In addition, this paper also analyzes the influence of variable frequency control on PSFB operating states, such as zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) constraints, continuous conduction mode (CCM) operating states, and power density, which have an impact on its operating conditions.
The influence of salinity and vegetation texture on the ecological roles of insects in tidal marshes in Louisiana
Authors: Aker Benjamin G. , Husseneder Claudia , Foil Lane D.
Published: December 2023

Tidal marsh insect communities are influenced by both salinity and aspects of vegetation texture (vegetation diversity, plant density, and architectural structure). These factors affect the abundances and intra‐ and interguild interactions of these insects and should result in broad‐scale variation in the distribution and ecological functioning of tidal marsh insect communities along these gradients. However, this assumption has not been tested within Gulf Coast marshes, and the insect communities and their ecological roles are not well known. This study identifies how family‐level insect biodiversity varies by salinity and which factors are most important in affecting the distribution of insect functional feeding groups within Louisiana's coastal marshes. Insect family diversity was found to decrease as salinity increased for several indices. Vegetation texture and the underlying salinity gradient were found to be important factors affecting the distribution of free‐living sucking, stem‐boring, parasitic, and filtering functional feeding groups.
Deep octopod habitat in the western North Atlantic characterized by Standard Ecological Classification from videos
Authors: Pratt Abigail , France Scott C. , Vecchione Michael
Published: December 2023

Habitat characterization is important to assess fully the niches of different organisms. There is a large knowledge gap regarding habitat use by deep‐sea benthic incirrate octopods, partly due to their assumed preference for hard‐to‐sample rocky substrata. This study uses observations from in situ videos recorded by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) deployed from the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer and implements the Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to describe the habitat of three common species of bathyal incirrate octopods living in the western North Atlantic Ocean: Bathypolypus bairdii (Verrill 1873), Graneledone verrucosa (Verrill 1881), and Muusoctopus johnsonianus (Allcock, Strugnell, Ruggiero, & Collins 2006). Significant differences in species' preferences for geoform setting, depth, and substrate type were found. All three species are most likely to be observed by ROV in a submarine canyon and least likely to be seen on a seamount. B. bairdii was found shallower than G. verrucosa and M. johnsonianus. This is the first study of its kind using CMECS to classify the habitat of specific organisms as opposed to the habitat types in a specific area.