bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perancangan Strategi IT Untuk Industri Pendidikan Dalam Melakukan Remote Works Melalui IT Balanced Scorecard
Authors: Manaek Roy , Glenny Chudra  , Alfa Yohannis
Published: November 2023

Pandemi COVID-19 mengubah cara bekerja hampir diseluruh industri khususnya industri pendidikan, dikarenakan pandemi ini pembelajaran dilakukan secara hibrid, dan dalam jaringan. Setelah pandemi COVID-19 ternyata banyak sekolah maupun universitas yang menetapkan pembelajaran hibrid dan dalam jaringan. Pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara hibrid ataupun dalam jaringan ternyata walaupun mempunyai banyak kelebihan akan tetapi mempunyai banyak tantangan dan kerugian seperti kurangnya interaksi antara murid dan pengjar, murid jadi tidak fokus dan konsentrasinya mudah teralihkan. Dalam mengatasi tantangan ini diperlukan perencanaan jangka panjang khususnya perencaaan dan strategi IT yaitu dengan meggunakan IT Balanced ScoreCard (IT-BSC). IT-BSC  merupakan pendekatan yang bagus dikarenakan kerangka kerja ini memastikan perencanaan merata dalam 4 area utama yaitu pelanggan, keuangan, proses internal, dan pembelajaran dan pertumbunhan. Melalui pembagian 4 area yang merata ini diharapkan strategi IT dalam industri penddikan dapat merealsasi keberhasilan dan menutupi serta menghindari kekurangan dalam industri pendidikan ketika menjalani pembelajaran secara hibdrid dan pembelajaran dalam jaringan (daring). Nantinya hasil akhir dari jurnal ini adalah pembuatan strategi IT yang diambil dari kekurangan dalam melakukan remote work, IT Strategi ini dibuat menggunakan IT Balanced Scorecard agar strategi dapat merata keempat area dan dapat diimplementasikan untuk jangka waktu yang panjang.
Nutrition Balance Knowledge Improvement for High School Student: Fit for The Exam
Authors: Indri Mulyasari  , Galeh Septiar Pontang
Published: November 2023

Rangkaian ujian bagi siswa SMA dapat menyebabkan kecemasan. Gizi seimbang dapat menjaga kebugaran yang dapat meningkatkan performa saat ujian. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang gizi seimbang khususnya supaya fit saat ujian. Metode yang dipakai dalam kegiatan edukasi memiliki dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah ceramah materi pedoman gizi seimbang secara umum sebagai pengantar. Kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan permainan mitos atau fakta. Pada pertengahan program akan dilakukan aktivitas fisik ringan. Program didesain dengan menarik dan interaktif untuk meningkatkan partisipasi siswa. Kegiatan diikuti oleh 393 siswa kelas XII  terdiri dari 319 dari SMA 7 Semarang dan 74 siswa dari MAN 1 Suruh Kabupaten Semarang. Sebelum edukasi dilakukan, semua siswa telah tahu pentingnya sarapan, namun tidak tahu berapa porsi pangan sumber karbohidrat dalam satu kali makan. Sebagian besar juga salah dalam menjawab kebutuhan minyak sehari dan frekuensi olah raga seminggu. Selain itu, banyak yang masih menjawab makanan manis dapat membuat relaks dan “mood” menjadi baik. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan rerata skor pengetahuan dan ada perbedaan skor pengetahuan sebelum dan sesudah edukasi (p<0.0001). Metode edukasi pada kegiatan ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa terkait gizi seimbang untuk meningkatkan performa saat ujian.
Making Jicama Cookies as a Healthy Snack for Teenagers
Authors: Faisal Elvyrah , Rahmadani Nur Afia , Hafid Fahmi
Published: November 2023

Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus Erosus) merupakan salah satu jenis umbi-umbian dengan kadar air mencapai 90% yang dapat dikonsumsi secara langsung dan sudah dibudidayakan secara luas di beberapa wilayah Indonesia seperti Jawa, NTT, Bali, Sumatera, Sulawesi dan juga Kalimantan.. Di Indonesia bengkuang hanya dikonsumsi sebagai minuman segar atau sebagai makanan tambahan seperti pada rujak, manisan, asinan ataupun sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan kosmetik. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk membuat produk cookies bengkuang sebagai camilan sehat untuk remaja dan menguji mengetahui uji daya terimanya. Hasil kegiatan menunjukan uji daya terima Cookies bengkuang dapat diterima dengan hasil penilaian kesukaan parameter warna 85%, aroma 90%, rasa 89% dan tekstur 87%. Cookies ini sangat baik untuk kesehatan karena bengkuang memiliki kandungan gizi yang baik yaitu vitamin C, vitamin B1, protein, serat kasar yang cukup tinggi serta rendah kalori yaitu 39 kkal per 100 gram dan mengandung oligosakarida yang baik untuk dikonsumsi
Kurang Gizi Maternal : Hasil yang Merugikan Terhadap Bayi
Authors: Marbun Raynaldo Lisius , Ikhssasni Agung
Published: November 2023

Gizi berperan selama kehamilan baik bagi kesehatan ibu maupun bayi dan harus dinilai secara terus menerus sejak sebelum hamil dan setelah melahirkan, terdapat kekhawatiran yang berkembang atas kekurangan gizi ibu dan dampaknya pada hasil kehamilan. Istilah gizi kurang ibu adalah kompleks dan agak ambigu dan gagal untuk mencerminkan definisi yang jelas. Mendefinisikan gizi kurang ibu akan membantu meningkatkan diagnosis, pemantauan dan evaluasi dampak kekurangan gizi pada wanita untuk mencegah hasil kelahiran terkait. Tujuan tinjauan pustaka ini adalah melihat kekurangan gizi maternal yang berkembang dan efeknya terhadap bayi. Gizi kurang ibu dianggap secara tidak langsung mengakibatkan peningkatan mortalitas dan morbiditas selama periode perinatal. Kekurangan gizi ibu harus dievaluasi menggunakan BMI, Lingkar Lengan Atas, lipatan kulit dan penurunan berat badan yang tidak diinginkan untuk pertemuan berturut-turut menggunakan skala standar. Ada hubungan langsung antara kekurangan gizi ibu dan hasil kelahiran yang tidak diinginkan seperti berat badan lahir rendah, persalinan prematur dan prematuritas. Hal ini kemungkinan akan menimbulkan efek jangka panjang. Penelitian lebih lanjut perlu untuk mengembangkan strategi diet untuk mengoptimalkan nutrisi, tidak hanya selama kehamilan, tetapi sudah ketika ini diprogram untuk meningkatkan hasil kehamilan, mendorong pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak yang sehat, mengurangi risiko penyakit kronis, dan memperlambat menurunkan penurunan metabolisme yang terkait dengan penuaan.
Gambaran Asupan Zat Gizi Remaja Pengguna Telepon Genggam Aktif Di Sekolah SMP Negeri 1 Ampana Tete Kabupaten Tojo Una – Una
Authors: Oktaviyani Arini , Ansar  , Candriasih Putu
Published: November 2023

Usia remaja merupakan periode rentan gizi karena memerlukan zat gizi yang lebih tinggi untuk peningkatan pertumbuhan fisik dan perubahan gaya hidup. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran asupan zat gizi remaja pengguna telepon genggam aktif di SMP Negeri 1 Ampana Tete Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif, teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik wawancara. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Negeri 1 Ampana Tete Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 26 orang. Analisis dengan menggunakan SPSS dan NutriSurvey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan asupan energi kategori kurang sebesar 69,2%; asupan protein kategori kurang sebesar 100%; lemak kategori lebih sebesar 34,61%; karbohidrat kategori kurang sebesar 100%; sedangkan zat gizi mikro, zat besi (Fe) kategori kurang 69,23%; Kalsium (Ca) kategori kurang sebesar 100%; Zinc (Zn) kategori kurang sebesar 100%; Vitamin A kategori kurang sebesar 100%; Vitamin C kategori kurang sebesar 100%; Vitamin D kategori kurang sebesar 100%; dan Vitamin B12 kategori kurang sebesar 80,76%. Kesimpulan bahwa asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro pada remaja SMP Negeri 1 Ampana Tete Kecamatan Ampana Tete Kabupaten Tojo Una-Una sebagian besar masuk dalam kategori Kurang. Upaya intervensi strategis perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah kekurangan gizi pada remaja.
Pengetahuan Stunting pada Ibu Balita Stunting
Authors: Syahrin Alfia , Candriasih Putu , Kusumawati Dwi Erma
Published: November 2023

Salah satu faktor terjadinya stunting adalah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu balita tentang stunting dan status gizi balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tompe Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 200 ibu balita dan sampel penelitian menggunakan rumus slovin berjumlah 67 ibu balita. Pengumpulan data dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data secara univariat menggunakan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan  pengetahuan ibu balita tentang stunting tergolong baik sebanyak 11 orang (16,4%) responden, cukup sebanyak 27 orang (40,3%), kurang sebanyak 29 orang (43,3%). Status gizi balita tergolong sangat pendek sebanyak 45 balita (67,2%), pendek sebanyak 22 balita (32,8%). Kesimpulannya dalah pengetahuan ibu balita stunting di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tompe Kecamatan Sirenja Kabupaten Donggala tergolong berpengetahuan kurang. Diharapkan bagi petugas kesehatan lebih meningkatkan lagi sosialisasi dan edukasi tentang stunting kepada ibu balita.
Status Riwayat Berat Badan Lahir Rendah, Insiasi Menyusui Dini Dan ASI Ekslusif Pada Balita Stunting
Authors: Raihan Muhammad , Adhyanti Adhyanti , Aslinda Wery , Ansar Ansar , Bahja Bahja , Kusumawati Dwi Erma
Published: November 2023

Di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah tahun 2018 terdapat 32,5% balita yang mengalami stunting yang bermakna sebagai masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan dianggap serius. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran status riwayat berat badan lahir rendah, inisiasi menyusui dini dan ASI ekslusif pada balita stunting di Kelurahan Duyu wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sangurara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 50 balita stunting. Data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa balita stunting dengan status riwayat berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) yaitu 6 orang (12,0%), tidak dilakukan inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) yaitu 38 orang (76,0%), dan riwayat tidak diberikan ASI Ekslusif yaitu 35 orang (70,0%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah hanya sebagian kecil balita stunting memiliki riwayat BBLR, namun sebagian besar balita stunting memiliki riwayat tidak IMD dan tidak diberikan ASI Ekslusif.
Investigation of potential migratables from paper and board food contact materials
Authors: Di Mario Mélanie , Bauwens Gregory , Peltier Florian , Goscinny Séverine , Focant Jean-François , Purcaro Giorgia , Van Hoeck Els
Published: November 2023

Since the ban on single-use plastic articles in Europe, the food contact material (FCM) industry has been forced to move to more sustainable alternatives. Paper and board FCM are convenient alternatives but must be safe for consumers. This study aims to investigate potential migrations of various substances (e.g., plasticizers, photoinitiators, primary aromatic amines, mineral oil, and bisphenols) from straws and takeaway articles made of paper and board. Twenty straws and fifty-eight takeaway articles were carefully selected and investigated using liquid and gas chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry or flame ionization detector. Fourteen substances of all the targeted categories were found in takeaway articles, including seven plasticizers, two photoinitiators, one primary aromatic amine, two bisphenols, and the saturated and aromatic fraction of mineral oil (MOSH and MOAH, respectively). In straws, fewer substances were detected, i.e., six substances, including three plasticizers, one photoinitiator, MOSH, and MOAH. At least one of the target substances was detected in 88% of the samples, demonstrating the importance of further evaluation of these materials. Finally, the associated risks were assessed, highlighting the potential risks for several types of articles regarding bisphenol A, one primary aromatic amine (3.3-DMB), and MOSH and MOAH.
The driving factors and policy evaluation of China’s carbon efficiency from the perspective of the enterprise heterogeneity
Authors: Yang Qing , Yang Ziyi , Zhao Wanyang , Zou Shaohui , Wang Delu , Ma Ruixin
Published: November 2023

The identification of factors that drive enterprise carbon efficiency and the assessment of current emission reduction policies from the perspective of enterprise heterogeneity are essential for designing more effective emission reduction policies that optimize the allocation of inter-enterprise resources. Using a panel of 602,470 observations of Chinese industrial enterprises over multiple years, we quantified the factors driving carbon efficiency and their contributions. We also examined the heterogeneity of these effects at the industry and regional levels. This was done by constructing multiple fixed effect models and the Shapley value decomposition model. Additionally, we evaluated carbon reduction policies related to the key driving factors, taking into account the heterogeneity of the enterprise. The study discovered significant variations in inter-enterprise carbon efficiency, with a trend of local leadership and overall trailing. Based on the results of Shapley value decomposition, industry differences, enterprise scale, and regional differences are the most critical factors affecting enterprise carbon efficiency. Based on the results of the t-test and robustness test, enterprise scale has a significant inverted “U”-shaped impact on that. The degree of impact is greater in the eastern region and related industries in China with higher levels of market development, environmental regulation, and carbon market penetration. Previous policies have overlooked the heterogeneity of carbon efficiency among enterprises, resulting in firms and regions with large production scales and high carbon efficiency shouldering a greater burden of emission reduction tasks. It is likely to encourage the flow of output away from enterprises or areas with high carbon efficiency and towards those with low carbon emissions, which hinders the improvement of overall carbon efficiency. The conclusions have valuable policy implications. These include the recommendation to reduce direct control of total emission reduction targets in carbon reduction policies. Instead, based on the inter-enterprise heterogeneity of carbon efficiency, the policies should focus on strengthening economic measures and developing specific carbon emission reduction policies at the provincial, industry, and enterprise levels.
Research progress and hotspot analysis of soil microplastics: a bibliometrics-based review
Authors: Miao Jiarui , Huang Wenhao , Pan Ruoxi , Zhou Kai
Published: November 2023

Microplastics are ubiquitous in soil ecosystems, and they have attracted widespread attention owing to their accumulation, migration and diffusion in soil environments and their negative effects on the environment and human health. However, previous studies on microplastics have predominantly concentrated on aquatic environments, and their presence in soil ecosystems has seldom been studied systematically. This review presents a systematic analysis of the current research on soil microplastics based on the available literature from 2016 to 2023 using CiteSpace. The most influential journals, authors and countries in this field were identified. Keyword co-occurrence analysis was performed to determine research hotspots, and cluster analysis was employed to provide an accurate summary of this field. Furthermore, burst detection was used to explore research fronts. This review reveals the increasing depth and diversity of research on soil microplastics and discusses potential research fronts for future studies in this field.
Incorporating the riverscape into models of river–floodplain function
Authors: Garvey James E. , Whiles Matt R.
Published: November 2023

Rivers and their flooded alluvial plains integrate physical, biological, and human processes at the scale of continents. Despite their ecological and economic values, these complex ecosystems are poorly understood and highly modified by humans. A primary problem is that most research in fluvial ecosystems has been conducted in small streams and then scaled up to rivers. Furthermore, the point where a stream transitions into a river is not well understood. Although many conceptual models exist, the role that large river–floodplain complexes play within these frameworks is lacking. These models focus on flooding as a temporary reset to river ecosystems, but floodplains and rivers may continue to interact long after floodwaters recede. We revisit the concept of the riverscape, a unique mosaic of perennially interacting wetland and channel habitats that have unique ecological properties during both non-flood and flooding periods relative to the small tributary streams within the riverscape network. This strong bidirectional interaction within low-lying alluvial plains may define large rivers. To determine whether a riverscape is indeed a useful unit of study for river ecology, conservation, and restoration, baseline conditions with measurable, comparable metrics, such as primary and secondary production need to be established. Responses of these metrics to multiple stressors and restoration such as levee setbacks, wetland mitigation, and dam removals will inform both basic models of riverscape function and future management actions. Because humans currently affect nearly all aspects of the environmental structure and function of riverscapes, human perceptions of riverscape value and threat need to be considered as a fundamental component of riverscape ecology.
Advancing CART therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: recent breakthroughs and strategies for future development
Authors: Pérez-Amill Lorena , Bataller Àlex , Delgado Julio , Esteve Jordi , Juan Manel , Klein-González Nela
Published: November 2023

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T therapies are being developed for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) on the basis of the results obtained for other haematological malignancies and the need of new treatments for relapsed and refractory AML. The biggest challenge of CART therapy for AML is to identify a specific target antigen, since antigens expressed in AML cells are usually shared with healthy haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The concomitant expression of the target antigen on both tumour and HSC may lead to on-target/off-tumour toxicity. In this review, we guide researchers to design, develop, and translate to the clinic CART therapies for the treatment of AML. Specifically, we describe what issues have to be considered to design these therapies; what in vitro and in vivo assays can be used to prove their efficacy and safety; and what expertise and facilities are needed to treat and manage patients at the hospital.
DeepLOKI- a deep learning based approach to identify zooplankton taxa on high-resolution images from the optical plankton recorder LOKI
Authors: Oldenburg Ellen , Kronberg Raphael M. , Niehoff Barbara , Ebenhöh Oliver , Popa Ovidiu
Published: November 2023

Zooplankton play a crucial role in the ocean’s ecology, as they form a foundational component in the food chain by consuming phytoplankton or other zooplankton, supporting various marine species and influencing nutrient cycling. The vertical distribution of zooplankton in the ocean is patchy, and its relation to hydrographical conditions cannot be fully deciphered using traditional net casts due to the large depth intervals sampled. The Lightframe On-sight Keyspecies Investigation (LOKI) concentrates zooplankton with a net that leads to a flow-through chamber with a camera taking images. These high-resolution images allow for the determination of zooplankton taxa, often even to genus or species level, and, in the case of copepods, developmental stages. Each cruise produces a substantial volume of images, ideally requiring onboard analysis, which presently consumes a significant amount of time and necessitates internet connectivity to access the EcoTaxa Web service. To enhance the analyses, we developed an AI-based software framework named DeepLOKI, utilizing Deep Transfer Learning with a Convolution Neural Network Backbone. Our DeepLOKI can be applied directly on board. We trained and validated the model on pre-labeled images from four cruises, while images from a fifth cruise were used for testing. The best-performing model, utilizing the self-supervised pre-trained ResNet18 Backbone, achieved a notable average classification accuracy of 83.9%, surpassing the regularly and frequently used method EcoTaxa (default) in this field by a factor of two. In summary, we developed a tool for pre-sorting high-resolution black and white zooplankton images with high accuracy, which will simplify and quicken the final annotation process. In addition, we provide a user-friendly graphical interface for the DeepLOKI framework for efficient and concise processes leading up to the classification stage. Moreover, performing latent space analysis on the self-supervised pre-trained ResNet18 Backbone could prove advantageous in identifying anomalies such as deviations in image parameter settings. This, in turn, enhances the quality control of the data. Our methodology remains agnostic to the specific imaging end system used, such as Loki, UVP, or ZooScan, as long as there is a sufficient amount of appropriately labeled data available to enable effective task performance by our algorithms.
Geopolymer 3D printing: a comprehensive review on rheological and structural performance assessment, printing process parameters, and microstructure
Authors: Barve Prasad , Bahrami Alireza , Shah Santosh
Published: November 2023

Geopolymers are under scrutiny as a sustainable alternative to cement in 3D printing for eco-friendly construction. Geopolymer 3D printing (G3DP) holds promise for green construction and advanced manufacturing. This study addresses G3DP’s rheological properties, printability, and microstructure analysis. Results indicate the pivotal role of the rheological properties in the printability, encompassing parameters like the pumpability, extrudability, and shape retention. Lower viscosity and appropriate yield stress are crucial. The structural performance of G3DP, given its inherent anisotropic nature and assessment techniques, is scrutinized. Process variables such as nozzle design and print speed and interval affect the printability, buildability, and structural properties. Research on the parameters’ optimization is necessary. Additionally, evaluation techniques for the G3DP’s rheological and structural behaviors require standardization. Understanding the G3DP’s rheology is paramount for the successful 3D printing construction. Findings offer quantitative insights into the importance of the rheological properties for the printability and structural performance. The microstructural analysis uncovers the porosity and density disparities compared to traditional geopolymers. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to enhance the G3DP’s application as a futuristic sustainable construction material.
Hyperangulated blades or direct epiglottis lifting to optimize glottis visualization in difficult Macintosh videolaryngoscopy: a non-inferiority analysis of a prospective observational study
Authors: Wünsch Viktor A. , Köhl Vera , Breitfeld Philipp , Bauer Marcus , Sasu Phillip B. , Siebert Hannah K. , Dankert Andre , Stark Maria , Zöllner Christian , Petzoldt Martin
Published: November 2023

Purpose

It is unknown if direct epiglottis lifting or conversion to hyperangulated videolaryngoscopes, or even direct epiglottis lifting with hyperangulated videolaryngoscopes, may optimize glottis visualization in situations where Macintosh videolaryngoscopy turns out to be more difficult than expected. This study aims to determine if the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) improvement achieved by direct epiglottis lifting is non-inferior to the one accomplished by a conversion to hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy in these situations.

Methods

One or more optimization techniques were applied in 129 difficult Macintosh videolaryngoscopy cases in this secondary analysis of a prospective observational study. Stored videos were reviewed by at least three independent observers who assessed the POGO and six glottis view grades. A linear mixed regression and a linear regression model were fitted. Estimated marginal means were used to analyze differences between optimization maneuvers.

Results

In this study, 163 optimization maneuvers (77 direct epiglottis lifting, 57 hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy and 29 direct epiglottis lifting with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope) were applied exclusively or sequentially. Vocal cords were not visible in 91.5% of the cases with Macintosh videolaryngoscopy, 24.7% with direct epiglottis lifting, 36.8% with hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy and 0% with direct lifting with a hyperangulated videolaryngoscope. Conversion to direct epiglottis lifting improved POGO (mean + 49.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 41.4 to 58.0; p < 0.001) and glottis view (mean + 2.2 grades; 95% CI 1.9 to 2.5; p < 0.001). Conversion to hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy improved POGO (mean + 43.7%; 95% CI 34.1 to 53.3; p < 0.001) and glottis view (mean + 1.9 grades; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.2; p < 0.001). The difference in POGO improvement between conversion to direct epiglottis lifting and conversion to hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy is: mean 6.0%; 95% CI −6.5–18.5%; hence non-inferiority was confirmed.

Conclusion

When Macintosh videolaryngoscopy turned out to be difficult, glottis exposure with direct epiglottis lifting was non-inferior to the one gathered by conversion to hyperangulated videolaryngoscopy. A combination of both maneuvers yields the best result.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03950934.
Physiological and pathological neuronal connectivity in the living human brain based on intracranial EEG signals: the current state of research
Authors: Novitskaya Yulia , Dümpelmann Matthias , Schulze-Bonhage Andreas
Published: November 2023

Over the past decades, studies of human brain networks have received growing attention as the assessment and modelling of connectivity in the brain is a topic of high impact with potential application in the understanding of human brain organization under both physiological as well as various pathological conditions. Under specific diagnostic settings, human neuronal signal can be obtained from intracranial EEG (iEEG) recording in epilepsy patients that allows gaining insight into the functional organisation of living human brain. There are two approaches to assess brain connectivity in the iEEG-based signal: evaluation of spontaneous neuronal oscillations during ongoing physiological and pathological brain activity, and analysis of the electrophysiological cortico-cortical neuronal responses, evoked by single pulse electrical stimulation (SPES). Both methods have their own advantages and limitations. The paper outlines available methodological approaches and provides an overview of current findings in studies of physiological and pathological human brain networks, based on intracranial EEG recordings.
Patient-specific modeling for guided rehabilitation of stroke patients: the BrainX3 use-case
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Páscoa dos Santos Francisco , Verschure Paul F. M. J.
Published: November 2023

BrainX3 is an interactive neuroinformatics platform that has been thoughtfully designed to support neuroscientists and clinicians with the visualization, analysis, and simulation of human neuroimaging, electrophysiological data, and brain models. The platform is intended to facilitate research and clinical use cases, with a focus on personalized medicine diagnostics, prognostics, and intervention decisions. BrainX3 is designed to provide an intuitive user experience and is equipped to handle different data types and 3D visualizations. To enhance patient-based analysis, and in keeping with the principles of personalized medicine, we propose a framework that can assist clinicians in identifying lesions and making patient-specific intervention decisions. To this end, we are developing an AI-based model for lesion identification, along with a mapping of tract information. By leveraging the patient's lesion information, we can gain valuable insights into the structural damage caused by the lesion. Furthermore, constraining whole-brain models with patient-specific disconnection masks can allow for the detection of mesoscale excitatory-inhibitory imbalances that cause disruptions in macroscale network properties. Finally, such information has the potential to guide neuromodulation approaches, assisting in the choice of candidate targets for stimulation techniques such as Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation (TUS), which modulate E-I balance, potentiating cortical reorganization and the restoration of the dynamics and functionality disrupted due to the lesion.
Challenges and innovations in brain PET analysis of neurodegenerative disorders: a mini-review on partial volume effects, small brain region studies, and reference region selection
Authors: Kanel Prabesh , Carli Giulia , Vangel Robert , Roytman Stiven , Bohnen Nicolaas I.
Published: November 2023

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) brain imaging is increasingly utilized in clinical and research settings due to its unique ability to study biological processes and subtle changes in living subjects. However, PET imaging is not without its limitations. Currently, bias introduced by partial volume effect (PVE) and poor signal-to-noise ratios of some radiotracers can hamper accurate quantification. Technological advancements like ultra-high-resolution scanners and improvements in radiochemistry are on the horizon to address these challenges. This will enable the study of smaller brain regions and may require more sophisticated methods (e.g., data-driven approaches like unsupervised clustering) for reference region selection and to improve quantification accuracy. This review delves into some of these critical aspects of PET molecular imaging and offers suggested strategies for improvement. This will be illustrated by showing examples for dopaminergic and cholinergic nerve terminal ligands.
Fibroblast growth factor 13-mediated regulation of medium spiny neuron excitability and cocaine self-administration
Authors: Dvorak Nolan M. , Di Re Jessica , Vasquez Tileena E. S. , Marosi Mate , Shah Poonam , Contreras Yorkiris M. Mármol , Bernabucci Matteo , Singh Aditya K. , Stallone Jariatu , Green Thomas A. , Laezza Fernanda
Published: November 2023

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder with few existing treatments. Thus, there is an unmet need for the identification of new pharmacological targets for CUD. Previous studies using environmental enrichment versus isolation paradigms have found that the latter induces increased cocaine self-administration with correlative increases in the excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSN) of the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcSh). Expanding upon these findings, we sought in the present investigation to elucidate molecular determinants of these phenomena. To that end, we first employed a secondary transcriptomic analysis and found that cocaine self-administration differentially regulates mRNA for fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13), which codes for a prominent auxiliary protein of the voltage-gated Na+ (Nav) channel, in the NAcSh of environmentally enriched rats (i.e., resilient behavioral phenotype) compared to environmentally isolated rats (susceptible phenotype). Based upon this finding, we used in vivo genetic silencing to study the causal functional and behavioral consequences of knocking down FGF13 in the NAcSh. Functional studies revealed that knockdown of FGF13 in the NAcSh augmented excitability of MSNs by increasing the activity of Nav channels. These electrophysiological changes were concomitant with a decrease in cocaine demand elasticity (i.e., susceptible phenotype). Taken together, these data support FGF13 as being protective against cocaine self-administration, which positions it well as a pharmacological target for CUD.
A 10-week FIFA 11+ program improves the short-sprint and modified agility T-test performance in elite seven-a-side soccer players
Authors: Foqha Batool Mohammed , Schwesig René , Ltifi Mohamed Amine , Bartels Thomas , Hermassi Souhail , Aouadi Ridha
Published: November 2023

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to assess the effects of 10 weeks of FIFA 11+ training on the physical performance of elite seven-a-side soccer players.

Methods: Twenty-five seven-a-side soccer players were recruited from two senior national teams. The players completed the following protocols during 10 weeks of training: a) FIFA 11+: The FIFA group (n = 13) underwent the FIFA 11+ program combined with regular soccer training; b) Dynamic conventional warm-up: The control group (n = 12) underwent regular soccer training. Their ability was validated using a pre-test followed by a post-test to measure the sprint performance (5-, 10-, and 20-m sprints), a modified agility T-test (MAT), and a five-jump test (FJT).

Results: A comparison of pre- and post-tests for physical performance in each group demonstrated that the FIFA 11+ warm-up significantly improved the 10-m sprinting performance (p = 0.034; F = 5.04; ηp2 = 0.17) and reduced the time spent to perform the MAT (p = 0.000; F = 23.16; ηp2 = 0.52) in the FIFA group compared with the control group; however, no significant changes were observed in the 5- and 20-m sprints and FJT.

Conclusion: The main findings of this research showed that the 10-week FIFA 11+ program led to significant improvements in the 10-m sprint and MAT compared to regular training among elite seven-a-side soccer players. Given these positive outcomes, further studies on the practical implementation and optimization of the FIFA 11+ program are warranted to provide valuable guidance for coaches and athletes, seeking to maximize its benefits in real-world settings.
Measuring and assessing motor skills of selected Croatian U12, U14 and U16 tennis players
Authors: Barbaros Petar , Dudašek Bernard , Milanović Dragan , Šanjug Sara , Galić Marin
Published: November 2023

Purpose: The aim of this research is to analyse and to determine the differences between tennis players in younger age categories (U12, U and U16) in certain motor skills.

Methods: A total of 60 tennis players ranked in the rankings of the Croatian Tennis Federation were measured by using 10 tests for assessing explosive strength in jump, speed, agility, and trunk strength. The tennis players were divided into three groups of 20 respondents, depending on the age category in which they compete. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between all age categories were found in indicators of frontal and lateral agility, running speed in the 20-m shuttle run test, and explosive strength in jump and repetitive trunk strength.

Results: The results of the conducted tests indicate a linear development trend for the mentioned skills in relation with the increase of chronological age of the tennis players. Statistically significantly better results were shown between test subjects under 14 years compared to test subjects under 12 years in tests for the assessment of agility (SST,A9-3-6-3-9), in the 20 m sprint test, in tests of explosive strength of lower extremities (CMJ, CMJmax,SJ) and in the test of repetitive trunk strength (TF). Subjects under 16 years achieved significantly better results compared to subjects under 14 years in tests for assessing agility (SST, A9-3-6-3-9), speed (SRT5m, SRT10m, SRT20m) and explosiveness (CMJ, CMJmax, SJ). Players under 16 years recorded significantly better results in all tests for assessing agility (SST,A9-3-6-3-9), speed (SRT5m, SRT10m, SRT20m), explosiveness of the lower extremities (CMJ, CMJmax, SJ) and in the test for assessing repetitive trunk strength (TF). Statistically significant differences were not detected in tests of running speed in the 5-m and 10-m shuttle run tests among U12 and U14 tennis players, nor between U14 and U16 tennis players in the 60-s trunk flexion test. The highest heterogeneity of results in a single age category was determined in the test for assessing isometric trunk strength, and thus tennis players of different age categories do not differ significantly in this skill.

Conclusion: The results of this research point to the development of specific motor skills in accordance with the increase of game demands and chronological age, however, also refer to the problem of muscle imbalance between front and back trunk musculature. Physical conditioning of young tennis players should be multilaterally directed in order to enable injury prevention and adjustment of tennis players to competitive demands.
Features of lexical complexity: insights from L1 and L2 speakers
Authors: North Kai , Zampieri Marcos
Published: November 2023

We discover sizable differences between the lexical complexity assignments of first language (L1) and second language (L2) English speakers. The complexity assignments of 940 shared tokens without context were extracted and compared from three lexical complexity prediction (LCP) datasets: the CompLex dataset, the Word Complexity Lexicon, and the CERF-J wordlist. It was found that word frequency, length, syllable count, familiarity, and prevalence as well as a number of derivations had a greater effect on perceived lexical complexity for L2 English speakers than they did for L1 English speakers. We explain these findings in connection to several theories from applied linguistics and then use these findings to inform a binary classifier that is trained to distinguish between spelling errors made by L1 and L2 English speakers. Our results indicate that several of our findings are generalizable. Differences in perceived lexical complexity are shown to be useful in the automatic identification of problematic words for these differing target populations. This gives support to the development of personalized lexical complexity prediction and text simplification systems.
Establishing a molecular toolbox of lineage-specific real-time RT-PCR assays for the characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in Asia
Authors: Saduakassova Meruyert A. , Wood Britta A. , Henry Elisabeth , Gray Ashley R. , Mioulet Valérie , Sultanov Akhmetzhan A. , Wadsworth Jemma , Knowles Nick J. , Di Nardo Antonello , King Donald P. , Bachanek-Bankowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2023

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in many Asian countries, with outbreaks occurring regularly due to viruses from serotypes O, A, and Asia1 that co-circulate in the region. The ability to rapidly characterize new virus occurrences provides critical information to understand the epidemiology and risks associated with field outbreaks, and helps in the selection of appropriate vaccines to control the disease. FMD lineage-specific characterization is usually determined through sequencing; however, this capacity is not always readily available. In this study, we provide a panel of real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays to allow differentiation of the FMD virus (FMDV) lineages known to have been co-circulating in Asia during 2020. This panel included five new rRT-PCR assays designed to detect lineages O/ME-SA/PanAsia-PanAsia-2, O/ME-SA/Ind-2001, O/SEA/Mya-98, O/CATHAY, and A/ASIA/Sea-97, along with three published rRT-PCR assays for A/ASIA/Iran-05, A/ASIA/G-VII, and Asia1 serotypes. Samples of known FMD lineage (n = 85) were tested in parallel with all eight lineage-specific assays and an established 3D pan-FMD rRT-PCR assay, and comparative limit of detection (LOD) experiments were conducted for the five newly developed assays. All samples (85/85) were assigned to the correct serotype, and the correct lineage was assigned for 70 out of 85 samples where amplification only occurred with the homologous assay. For 13 out of 85 of the samples, there was amplification in two assays; however, the correct lineage could be designated based on the strongest Ct values for 12 out of 13 samples. An incorrect lineage was assigned for 3 out of 85 samples. The amplification efficiencies for the five new rRT-PCR assays ranged between 79.7 and 100.5%, with nucleic acid dilution experiments demonstrating broadly equivalent limits of detection when compared to the 3D pan-FMD rRT-PCR assay. These new tests, together with other published lineage-specific rRT-PCR assays, constitute a panel of assays (or molecular toolbox) that can be selected for use in FMD endemic countries (individually or a subset of the assays depending on region/lineages known to be circulating) for rapid characterization of the FMDV lineages circulating in Asia at a relatively low cost. This molecular toolbox will enhance the ability of national laboratories in endemic settings to accurately characterize circulating FMDV strains and facilitate prompt implementation of control strategies, and may be particularly useful in settings where it is difficult to access sequencing capability.
Koninginins X-Z, Three New Polyketides from Trichoderma koningiopsis SC-5
Authors: Peng Weiwei , Tan Jianbing , Sang Zihuan , Huang Yuantao , Xu Li , Zheng Yuting , Qin Siyu , Tan Haibo , Zou Zhenxing
Published: November 2023

Koninginins X-Z (1–3), three novel polyketides, were isolated from the solid fermentation of the endophytic fungus Trichoderma koningiopsis SC-5. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were comprehensively characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopic methods, HRESIMS, 13C NMR, DFT GIAO 13C NMR, and electronic circular dichroism calculations as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, all the compounds were evaluated for antifungal activity against Candida albicans.
In Silico Investigation on the Molecular Behavior and Structural Stability of the Rosette Nanotubes as the Drug Vehicles for Paclitaxel, an Anti-Cancer Drug
Authors: Ali Hanah Nasifa M. , Gonzales Arthur A.
Published: November 2023

Most anticancer drugs affect healthy cells in addition to cancer cells, causing severe side effects. Targeted delivery by nano-based drug delivery systems (NDDS) can reduce these severe side effects while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. This work introduced rosette nanotube (RNT) as a potential drug vehicle for paclitaxel (PTX) due to its self-assembling property, biocompatibility, amphiphilicity, and low toxicity. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations aided with molecular mechanics Poisson Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) analysis are used here to investigate the molecular behavior and the loading energetics of each type of RNT (K1, xK1, and iEt-xK1) with PTX. Analysis showed that the most probable configuration of PTX is on either end of each RNT. The binding free energies (−117.74 to −69.29 kJ/mol) when PTX is closer to one end were stronger than when it is in the inner channel (−53.51 to −40.88 kJ/mol). The latter alludes to the encapsulation of the PTX by each RNT. Thus, loading is possible by encapsulation during the self-assembly process given the favorable estimated binding free energies. Based on the results, RNT has potential as a drug vehicle for PTX, which warrants further investigation.
Chemical Profiling, Quantitation, and Bioactivities of Ginseng Residue
Authors: Ge Shengyu , Liu Jinlong , Liu Yang , Song Jiaqi , Wu Hongfeng , Li Lele , Zhu Heyun , Feng Bo
Published: November 2023

Ginseng residue is a by-product stemming from the commercial extraction of ginsenosides. To assess the disparities between ginseng residue and ginseng tablet, we employed the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) technique for sample analysis. The analyses revealed the presence of 39 compounds in both ginseng residue and ginseng tablets. Subsequently, the contents of total ginsenosides and total ginseng polysaccharides in the ginseng residue and ginseng tablet were determined. The results indicate that while only a small fraction of ginsenosides remained in the ginseng residue, a significant amount of polysaccharides was retained. Furthermore, our evaluation encompassed the antioxidant activities of both ginseng residue and ginseng tablets. Notably, ginseng residue exhibited robust antioxidant effects, thereby showcasing its potential for recycling as a functional food raw material.
Modification Method of High-Efficiency Organic Bentonite for Drilling Fluids: A Review
Authors: Pan Yi , Zhang Xinyue , Ji Chengcheng , Zhan Qianru , Li Zhaoxuan , Guan Jian , Huang Jian
Published: November 2023

The requirements for drilling bentonites are tightening due to ever-increasing demands for petroleum resources, coupled with cost and reaction technology constraints. In addition to raising the risk of drilling, bentonite’s poor performance also raises the possibility of safety incidents and significant financial losses. Organically modified bentonites effectively reduce the consumption of drilling fluids, conserve resources, and lessen environmental effects. This paper aims to provide an overview of the several organic modification methods of bentonite for drilling fluids. It also evaluates the characteristics and application impacts of bentonite. We primarily describe the three popular modification methods represented by intercalation, coupling, and grafting. Also, this review provides the effect of molecular simulation on the investigation of structure in microconfined conditions. Through microlearning, organically modified bentonite with exceptional performance is to be further developed.
Resistomycin Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell Growth by Instigating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Aloufi Abeer S. , Habotta Ola A. , Abdelfattah Mohamed S. , Habib Marina N. , Omran Mohamed M. , Ali Sally A. , Abdel Moneim Ahmed E. , Korany Shereen M. , Alrajhi Aisha M.
Published: November 2023

Globally, prostate cancer is among the most threatening and leading causes of death in men. This study, therefore, aimed to search for an ideal antitumor strategy with high efficacy, low drug resistance, and no or few adverse effects. Resistomycin is a natural antibiotic derived from marine actinomycetes, and it possesses various biological activities. Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were treated with resistomycin (IC12.5: 0.65 or IC25: 1.3 µg/mL) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; IC25: 7 µg/mL) for 24 h. MTT assay and flow cytometry were utilized to assess cell viability and apoptosis. Oxidative stress, apoptotic-related markers, and cell cycle were also assessed. The results revealed that the IC50 of resistomycin and 5-FU on PC3 cells were 2.63 µg/mL and 14.44 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, treated cells with the high dose of resistomycin showed an increased number of apoptotic cells compared to those treated with the lower dose. Remarkable induction of reactive oxygen species generation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage with high malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl protein (CP), and 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents were observed in resistomycin-treated cells. In addition, marked declines in glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in PC3 cells subjected to resistomycin therapy were observed. Resistomycin triggered observable cell apoptosis by increasing Bax, caspase-3, and cytosolic cytochrome c levels and decreasing Bcl-2 levels. In addition, notable downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclin D1 was observed in resistomycin-treated cancerous cells. According to this evaluation, the antitumor potential of resistomycin, in a concentration-dependent manner, in prostate cancer cells was achieved by triggering oxidative stress, mitochondrial apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. In conclusion, our investigation suggests that resistomycin can be considered a starting point for developing new chemotherapeutic agents for human prostate cancer.