bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF PHOTOELECTRIC CONVERTERS WITH A BASE CADMIUM TELLURIDE LAYER WITH A DECREASE IN ITS THICKNESS FOR TANDEM AND TWO-SIDED SENSITIVE INSTRUMENT STRUCTURES
Authors: Deyneko Natalya , Kryvulkin Igor , Matiushenko Mykola , Tarasenko Olexandr , Khmyrov Igor , Khmyrova Anastasiia , Shevchenko Roman
Published: September 2019

Photovoltaic cells with a base layer of cadmium telluride with a decrease in its thickness are studied. It is known that the widespread use of photovoltaic converters is constrained by their high price in the case of highly efficient instrument structures, or low efficiency. The creation of tandem and two-sided sensitive photoelectric converters will reduce their cost while increasing their efficiency. However, to create tandem and two-sided sensitive photoelectric converters, the necessary conditions are the use of transparent contacts and a decrease in the thickness of the base layer for efficient absorption of incident radiation by the converter, which is lower. In the research process, it was found that reducing the thickness of the base layer to 1 μm allows to increase the efficiency of the photoelectric transducer during irradiation from the back. An increase in the efficiency of the photoelectric converter occurs due to a decrease in the distance from the generation region of nonequilibrium charge carriers in the region of separation. If the thickness of the base layer is less than 1 μm, then regardless of which side of the irradiation is carried out, a decrease in the efficiency of the instrument structure is observed. Increase in the efficiency of photoconverters is associated with an increase in the negative influence of recombination processes on the back contact, a decrease in the number of charge carriers generated due to incomplete absorption of incident radiation, and a decrease in the volume of the built-in field of the separating barrier when it overlaps with the depletion region of the back contact. ITO/CdS/CdTe/Cu/ITO SCs with a base layer thickness of 1 μm demonstrates degradation stability. The highest value of efficiency in the case of illumination from the front side 8.1 % and with illumination from the back side 3.8 % received after a year of operation of the photovoltaic converter.
PROSPECTIVE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVE COMPOUNDS AMONG 7-SUBSTITUTED OF 3-BENZYL-8-PROPYLXANTHINES FOR TREATMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME PATHOLOGIES
Authors: Mykhalchenko Yevgen , Aleksandrova Kateryna , Shkoda Oleksandr , Pruglo Yevgen
Published: September 2019

Aim – the search for biologically active compounds with diuretic and hypoglycemic action among 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines, which can be used for the treatment of pathologies of “metabolic syndrome”.

Materials and methods. 30 new chemical compounds among derivatives of 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines by PASS prediction filter were chosen for diuretic and hypoglycemic activity researches. Diuretic, hypoglycemic activity and for the most active compounds – the acute toxicity were studied in vivo. The molecular docking, which is based on EADock DSS mechanism of the modulation displayed the interaction between some of functional groups inside discovered xanthine ligands and known receptors and enzymes presented in Ligand-protein Database of Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.

Results. It has been shown that synthesized compounds displayed strong diuretic and medium hypoglycemic activities. The molecular docking modulation (SwissDock) of interaction of xanthine derivatives hits with proposed receptors and enzymes revealed prospective of using 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines as potential drugs for treatment of metabolic syndrome pathologies.

Conclusion. The diuretic activity of the new 23 compounds of 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines and hypoglycemic activity of the new 7 derivatives of 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines was studied. Results of performed investigation illustrate that 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines demonstrate biological activity comparable to standard drugs. We also proposed probable molecular targets for the most active compounds by molecular docking method. It was shown that derivatives of 7-substituted of 3-benzyl-8-propylxanthines can be used for metabolic syndrome disorders prevention.
METHODOLOGY FOR ASSESSING THE LOGISTICS POTENTIAL OF THE FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY OF A PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY
Authors: Zakharko Natali , Sahaidak-Nikitiuk Rita , Demchenko Nataliya
Published: September 2019

The aim of the article is to determine the essence of the logistics potential of a foreign trade activity of a pharmaceutical enterprise and justify the methods for determining it.

The materials used in the study include statistical data of the investigated pharmaceutical enterprises, namely JSC FF “Darnitsa”, PJSC NPC “Borschagovsky Chemical and Pharmaceutical Plant”, PJSC “Pharmak”, LLC “FC Zdorovia” and JSC “Lekhim-Kharkiv”. The study used methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, content analysis, questionnaires and methods for assessing potential. The questionnaire was used to select indicators that should be part of the logistics potential of a foreign trade activity of a pharmaceutical enterprise.

The experts were 100 leading specialists of pharmaceutical companies. They are all involved in foreign economic activity. Experts are gender–divided into women (73 %), men (27 %); by age: up to 25 years – 8 %, 25–35 years – 14 %, 35–45 years – 27 %, 45–55 years – 36 %, over 55 years – 15 %; by experience: up to 5 years – 11 %, 5–10 years – 15 %, 10–20 years – 32 %, 20–30 years – 36 %, over 30 years – 6 %. The experts' conclusions are valid, the coefficient of concordance is 0.86, and the Pearson test exceeds the table value.

The essence of the definition of "potential of logistics of pharmaceutical enterprise’s foreign trade activity" is investigated. The types of logistics potential of foreign economic activity and indicators that are appropriate to use for determining the level of development of the logistic potential in foreign economic activity are offered.

The potential of logistics of foreign trade activities of pharmaceutical enterprises consists of the potentials of logistics in the field of export and import. The system of indicators for measuring the logistics potential of a foreign trade activity of a pharmaceutical enterprise contains indicators selected through content analysis and questionnaires.

The method of estimation of logistics potential in foreign economic activity of pharmaceutical enterprise is offered.
DECREASE OF REPEATED CONTAMINATION OF PACKED DELI-CIOUS MEAT PRODUCTS
Authors: Vinnikova Lydmila , Synytsia Olha , Shlapak Halyna , Azarova Nadiia , Glushkov Oleg
Published: September 2019

The study considers a problem of repeated contamination of delicious products, ready for consumption. The aim of the work is to study the repeated thermal processing of a ready vacuum-packed whole-muscular meat product for inhibiting a surface microbiota.

Today it is urgent for the meat industry, because it influences safety and quality, and also limits a storage term of a product.

After bringing a meat product to culinary readiness by thermal processing, it has an unessential amount of microbiota. Microorganisms, including pathogenic and conventionally pathogenic ones, fall on a product after its cooking at cutting, preparation to package and at the package stage itself. Microbiological contamination of a ready meat product results in fast spoilage and is a serious problem for producers, because the microbiota growth shortens its storage life. In its turn, it results in a refuse of a consumer to buy this product and great economic losses for producers.

The study is directed on a possibility of solving a problem of contamination of a whole-muscular delicious meat product. The solution is in package of a ready product under vacuum and short-term heating at a high temperature.

The work is devoted to the complex study of an influence of repeated pasteurization on safety and quality of a product. There was studied an influence of the repeated thermal processing (post-pasteurization) on microbiological, physical-chemical and also organoleptic parameters of a delicious meat product.

The special attention is paid to an influence of post-pasteurization regimes on a microbiological condition of studied samples. Studies of a total amount of microbiota and also the presence of sanitary-representative microorganisms were conducted.

It has been proven, that the use of post-pasteurization essentially inhibits a number of microorganisms, and also doesn’t influence physical-chemical parameters outlook of a product and organoleptic characteristics.

Based on studying an influence of post-pasteurization, it has been established, that inhibition of a microbiota essentially influences safety and prolongs the storage term of a product.
A global scan of how the issue of nutrient loading and harmful algal blooms is being addressed by governments, non-governmental organizations, and volunteers
Authors: Foulon Étienne , Rousseau Alain N. , Benoy Glenn , North Rebecca L.
Published: September 2019

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) in aquatic ecosystems are of concern worldwide. This review deals with how jurisdictions around the world are addressing this water quality issue to inform recommendations regarding nutrient loading and HABs in Missisquoi Bay-Lake Champlain and Lake Memphremagog; transboundary lakes located in the USA and Canada that suffer from symptoms of eutrophication. A global scan of the literature resulted in the consideration of 12 case studies of large water bodies within large watersheds, excluding in-lake geoengineering approaches. Although all of the systems experience excessive nutrient loading, they vary in two key ways: sources of nutrients and manifestations of eutrophication ranging from HABs, to limited recreational uses, to the additional complexity of internal loadings and fish kills, up to drinking water shutdowns. The case studies were analyzed with respect to four categories of approaches, namely: (i) regulatory; (ii) incentive-based; (iii) risk mitigation; and (iv) outreach, engagement, and educational. We found that the management frameworks are based on integrated watershed management planning and national standards. National water quality standards, however, are not stringent enough to prevent HABs. Overall, identified case studies did not successfully remediate HABs, they simply managed them.
Competitiveness in Turkey the Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Yıldırım Hasan Hüseyin , Mestanoğlu Melih
Published: September 2019

One of the most basic needs of individuals, the
pharmaceutical industry, which produces health-oriented products, has improved
significantly to improve the quality of life of individuals. Nowadays, the
pharmaceutical industry is a global industry with high economic potential and
with high R & D costs. As in other industrial units of the economy, the
intense competition environment is becoming more and more important for the
pharmaceutical sector. In this study, domestic and foreign manufacturers
operating in Turkey are determined and it is aimed to determine the competitive
condition of the pharmaceutical industry with the obtained data from the
companies. Also, a frequency analysis was carried out to generally evaluate the
opinions of manufacturers and suppliers in the sector regarding the competitive
situation. T-test was conducted to determine whether there was a difference
between two groups in terms of the competitive situation. As a result, a
statistically significant difference was found between the manufacturers and
the suppliers.
Caspase-1 as Molecular Key in Cardiac Remodeling during Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3 in the Murine Model
Authors: Trentin-Sonoda Mayra , Fratoni Frayli Maltoni , da Cruz Junho Carolina Victoria , Silva Wellington Caio , Panico Karine , Carneiro-Ramos Marcela Sorelli
Published: September 2019

Background:

Renal ischemia/reperfusion induces a systemic inflammatory
response that is directly related to the development of cardiac hypertrophy due to
cardiorenal syndrome type 3. Classic inflammatory pathways have been extensively
investigated in cardiovascular diseases, including the participation of inflammasome in
caspase-1-dependent IL-1β cleavage.

Objective:

In this study, we aimed to understand how lack of caspase-1 would impact
the hypertrophic and apoptotic response in the heart after renal ischemia/reperfusion.

Methods:

Wildtype and caspase-1 knockout animals were submitted to a renal
ischemia/reperfusion protocol. Briefly, left kidney ischemia was induced in male C57BL/6
mice for 60 min, followed by reperfusion for 15 days. Gene expression was analysed by
Real-Time PCR. Caspase activity was also evaluated.

Results:

Lack of caspase-1 led to a more pronounced cardiac hypertrophy in mice
subjected to renal ischemia-reperfusion. Such hypertrophic process was accompanied
by increased activity of caspase3/7 and 9, indicating apoptosis initiation in an IL-1β-
independent manner.

Conclusion:

Our data corroborate important findings on the role of caspase-1 in the
development of cardiac hypertrophy and remodeling.
N-Acetyl Cysteine Attenuates the Sarcopenia and Muscle Apoptosis Induced by Chronic Liver Disease
Authors: Abrigo Johanna , Marín Tabita , Aguirre Francisco , Tacchi Franco , Vilos Cristian , Simon Felipe , Arrese Marco , Cabrera Daniel , Cabello-Verrugio Claudio
Published: September 2019

Background:

Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of muscle mass and
strength (muscle atrophy) because of aging or chronic diseases, such as chronic liver
disease (CLD). Different mechanisms are involved in skeletal muscle atrophy, including
decreased muscle fibre diameter and myosin heavy chain levels and increased
ubiquitin–proteasome pathway activity, oxidative stress and myonuclear apoptosis. We
recently found that all these mechanisms, except myonuclear apoptosis, which was not
evaluated in the previous study, were involved in muscle atrophy associated with
hepatotoxin 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced CLD.

Objective:

In the present study, we evaluated the involvement of myonuclear apoptosis
in CLD-associated sarcopenia and the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) treatment on
muscle strength and apoptosis, using a DDC-supplemented diet-fed mouse model.

Methods:

Four-month-old male C57BL6 mice were fed with a standard or DDCsupplemented
diet for six weeks in the absence or presence of NAC treatment.

Results:

Our results showed that NAC attenuated the decrease in muscle fibre diameter
and muscle strength associated with CLD-induced muscle wasting in gastrocnemius
(GA) muscle of DDC-supplemented diet-fed mice. In addition, in GA muscle of the mice
fed with DDC-supplemented diet-induced CLD showed increased myonuclear apoptosis
compared with the GA muscle of the control diet-fed mice, as evidenced by increased
apoptotic nuclei number, caspase-8 and caspase-9 expression, enzymatic activity of
caspase-3 and BAX/BCL-2 ratio. NAC treatment inhibited all the mechanisms
associated with myonuclear apoptosis in the GA muscle.

Conclusion:

To our knowledge, this is the first study which reports the redox regulation
of muscle strength and myonuclear apoptosis in CLD-induced sarcopenia.
Effects of Stearic Acid on Proliferation, Differentiation, Apoptosis, and Autophagy in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Yang Yuan , Huang Jin , Li Jianzhong , Yang Huansheng , Yin Yulong
Published: September 2019

Background:

Stearic acid (SA), a saturated long-chain fatty acid consisting of
18 carbon atoms, is widely found in feed ingredients, such as corn, soybeans, and
wheat. However, the roles of SA in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells remain
unclear.

Methods and Results:

In the present study, we found that 0.01-0.1 mM SA promoted
IPEC-J2 cell differentiation and did not affect IPEC-J2 cell viability. In addition, the
results showed that the viability of IPEC-J2 cells was inhibited by SA in a time- and
dose-dependent manner at high concentrations. Flow cytometry and western blot
analysis suggested that SA induced apoptosis, autophagy and ER stress in cells. In
addition, the amounts of triglyceride were significantly increased upon challenge with
SA. Moreover, the decrease in the viability of cells induced by SA could be attenuated
by 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress.

Conclusion:

In summary, SA accelerated IPEC-J2 cell differentiation at 0.01-0.1 mM.
Furthermore, SA induced IPEC-J2 cell apoptosis and autophagy by causing ER stress.
Drug Delivery Based on Nanotechnology for Target Bone Disease
Authors: Yang Xiaosong , Chen Shizhu , Liu Xiao , Yu Miao , Liu Xiaoguang
Published: September 2019

Bone diseases are a serious problem in modern human life. With the coming acceleration of
global population ageing, this problem will become more and more serious. Due to the specific physiological
characteristics and local microenvironment of bone tissue, it is difficult to deliver drugs to the
lesion site. Therefore, the traditional orthopedic medicine scheme has the disadvantages of high drug
frequency, large dose and relatively strong side effects. How to target deliver drugs to the bone tissue or
even target cells is the focus of the development of new drugs. Nano drug delivery system with a targeting
group can realize precise delivery of orthopedic drugs and effectively reduce the systemic toxicity.
In addition, the application of bone tissue engineering scaffolds and biomedical materials to realize in
situ drug delivery also are research hotspot. In this article, we briefly review the application of
nanotechnology in targeted therapies for bone diseases.
Artificial Hibernation by Phenothiazines: A Potential Neuroprotective Therapy Against Cerebral Inflammation in Stroke
Authors: Guan Longfei , Guo Sichao , Yip James , Elkin Kenneth B. , Li Fengwu , Peng Changya , Geng Xiaokun , Ding Yuchuan
Published: September 2019

Background:

The inflammatory response to acute cerebral ischemia is a major factor in
stroke pathobiology and patient outcome. In the clinical setting, no effective pharmacologic treatments
are currently available. Phenothiazine drugs, such as chlorpromazine and promethazine,
(C+P) have been widely studied because of their ability to induce neuroprotection through artificial
hibernation after stroke. The present study determined their effect on the inflammatory response.

Methods:

Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups: (1) sham, (2) stroke, (3) stroke treated
by C+P without temperature control and (4) stroke treated by C+P with temperature control (n=8
per group). To assess the neuroprotective effect of C+P, brain damage was measured using infarct
volume and neurological deficits. The expression of inflammatory response molecules tumor necrosis
factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular
cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated
B cells (NF-κB) was determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting

Results:

TNF-α, IL-1β, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions were upregulated,
and brain damage and neurological deficits were increased after stroke. These markers
of cerebral injury were significantly reduced following C+P administration under drug-induced
hypothermia, while C+P administration under normal body temperature reduced them by a lesser
degree.

Conclusion:

This study showed an inhibitory effect of C+P on brain inflammation, which may be
partially dependent on drug-induced hibernation, as well as other mechanisms of action by these
drugs. These findings further suggest the great potential of C+P in the clinical treatment of ischemic
stroke.
Pyroglutamic Acid and its Derivatives: The Privileged Precursors for the Asymmetric Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products
Authors: Panday Sharad Kumar
Published: September 2019

Pyroglutamic acid is one of the privileged asymmetric precursors for the synthesis of a variety
of molecules such as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor
subtypes (AT-1 receptor antagonists), as well as bioactive natural products. Starting with primary reports
in 1980’s, last almost four decades has witnessed a rapid overgrowth of publications using pyroglutamic
acid as a preferred asymmetric precursor and these have been well documented. Pyroglutamic
acid has two differential carbonyl groups a lactam carbonyl and a carboxylic functionality
along with an NH group, and all of these functionalities can be further derivatized/ transformed and
in turn opened avenues for the synthesis of variety of molecules. Derived easily from glutamic acid
by internal cyclization, pyroglutamic acid offers a cheap and very good source of chirality and has
provided an important tool for the synthesis of natural products/intermediates to natural products.
Herein, we wish to describe the exploitation of the chemistry of pyroglutamic acid and its derivatives
in the asymmetric synthesis of natural products establishing its versatility as a privileged asymmetric
precursor.
Pharmacokinetic Differences of Grape Seed Procyanidins According to the Gavage Administration Between Normal Rats and Alzheimer's Disease Rats
Authors: Cheng Xinhui , Zhang Jingying , Jing Huiting , Qi Yu , Yan Tingxu , Wu Bo , Du Yiyang , Xiao Feng , Jia Ying
Published: September 2019

Background:

Grape Seed Procyanidins (GSP) refers to a type of natural polyphenols
that have to roust antioxidant capacity. Studies have shed light on the fact that GSP significantly
impacts the alleviation of Alzheimer's Disease (AD).

Objective:

This study aimed at investigating whether there exists a pharmacokinetics difference in
GSP between normal and AD rats, a rapid UPLC-MS/MS methodology, for the detection of its
content in plasma samples was put forward. We carried out an analysis of the plasma concentrations
of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B3, catechin and epicatechin in normal and AD rats over time
for determining the plasma concentration of GSP.

Methods:

We made use of 400 μL of methanol for the protein precipitation solvent in the plasma
treatment. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column at a temperature of 20 °C.
The mobile phase was a gradient of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol within 15 min.

Results:

: In the current research work, the plasma concentrations of procyanidin B2, procyanidin
B3, catechin and epicatechin in AD rats were significantly higher as compared with those in normal
rats (P < 0.05) and the content of epicatechin constituted the highest as compared with catechin,
procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B3 following the administration of GSP.

Conclusion:

We discovered the better absorptions of these analytes in the AD group as compared
with that in the normal group, providing an analytical basis for treating the AD with procyanidins.
Exploring of Taguchi Design in the Optimization of Brinzolamide and Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic in-situ Gel Used in Treatment of Glaucoma
Authors: Shah Purvi , Thakkar Vaishali , Anjana Vishvas , Christian Jenee , Trivedi Roma , Patel Kalpana , Gohel Mukesh , Gandhi Tejal
Published: September 2019

Objective:

The present research work focuses on experimental design assisted In-situ gel
for fixed dose combination.

Significance:

Brinzolamide(BZ) BCS class II drug and Timolol Maleate (TM), a BCS class I drug
is formulated for obtaining the sustained effect, increased ocular bioavailability and reduction of
dose leading to better patient compliance.

Methods:

The material attributes were gelrite, hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose K4M(HPMC K4M)
and HP-β-CD and critical quality attributes identified were gel strength, mucoadhesive index and
percentage of drug release of both drugs. BZ and TM were successfully formulated in ion-triggered
In-situ gelling system using Taguchi design with minimum trials.

Results:

The final optimized formula 0.5 %w/v gelrite, 0.5 %w/v HPMC K4M, 1:2.5 Ratio of drug
to HP-β-CD as well as 150rpm stirring rate exhibited acceptable results with enhanced solubility of
BZ. The pharmacodynamic study revealed a decrease in intraocular pressure for In-situ gel (17.3)
compared to conventional marketed suspension. Moreover, delayed mean residence time and high
AUC (61.237 and 4523.65) of In-situ gel indicates prolonged residence time with sustained release.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, excellent ocular tolerance and longer action of gelrite and HPMC K4M.
In-situ gel for BZ and TM can be explored as potential alternative to marketed formulation reducing
the frequency of administration and improving patient compliance in glaucoma.
The Prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus Among Blood Donors Attending Samarra's General Hospital
Authors: Al-Mahmood Abid , Al-Jubori Athraa
Published: September 2019

Background:

Hepatitis C is an infectious disease that affects primarily the liver; it is
caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV). Cirrhosis and liver cancer are the common complications of
the disease. So identifying prevalence and certain risk factors of the disease will promote preventive
measures for the disease.

Aim and Objectives:

By conducting this study, we will determine the prevalence of hepatitis C
among blood donors who attended Samara General Hospital for donating blood.

Methods:

A descriptive study was conducted on blood donors attending the hospital. The study
was conducted during the period from February 2016 -November 2017. The sample included 850
persons. The demographic information, personal data and results of investigations were obtained
according to a certain designed questionnaire. The subjects’ blood samples were tested to detect
HCV antibodies by ELISA test.

Results:

The prevalence of hepatitis C disease among blood donors in the current study according
to HCV-Ab detection was 20/850 (2.4%) . The positive cases were more prevalent among males,
married, those with previous blood transfusion, previous surgical procedures and those with an
HIV positive spouse.

Conclusion:

HCV infection is more prevalent in certain subjects with certain risk factors such as
blood transfusion, surgical process, infected spouse.
Recent Advances in Intelligent Automated Fruit Harvesting Robots
Authors: Hua Yanbin , Zhang Nairu , Yuan Xin , Quan Lichun , Yang Jiangang , Nagasaka Ken , Zhou Xin-Gen
Published: September 2019

Robotic harvesting offers a solution to reducing labor costs, optimizing harvest scheduling, enabling selective harvesting, and increasing operation efficiency. These attributes allow the users of robotic harvesters to maximize production efficiency and profits. This article reviews automated fruit harvesting systems of sweet pepper, tomato, apple and kiwifruit as an example to demonstrate the recent advances in intelligent automatic harvesting robots in horticulture.
A Hypothetical Link Between Verbal Fluency and Functionality in Aging: A Systematic-Review and Paths for Future Research
Authors: Wajman José R.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Verbal Fluency (VF) tasks are known as multimodal measures clinically
useful for monitoring cognitive decline during the aging process. Considering that the executive
control observed along VF tasks calls for a set of functions directing the behavior toward a general
goal, it may be assumed that there is a correspondence between VF ability and Functional Capacity
(FC).

Methods:

With this assumption in mind, the author aimed at performing a literature research on VF
ability and FC within aging.

Results:

Only four studies whose title/abstract presented the target key-terms, partially fulfilled the
adopted criteria and were selected for discussion. Taken together, these articles attempted to correlate
cognitive material to aspects of functionality, one of which not doing so directly with the elderly
and another with no specific association with VF abilities.

Conclusion:

Theories suggest that VF might be associated with complex executive mechanisms.
Still, a theoretical scheme and controlled researches possibly able to shed light on the underlying
balance among the VF abilities and functionality within aging are as yet, unknown.
The Binding and Viscometric Studies of Ni+2, Co+2 and Mn+2 Ions with Protein by Spectrometric and pH Metric Techniques
Authors: Acharya Shveta , Sharma Arun Kumar
Published: September 2019

Background:

The metal ions play a vital role in a large number of widely differing
biological processes. Some of these processes are quite specific in their metal ion requirements.
In that only certain metal ions, in specific oxidation states, can full fill the necessary
catalytic or structural requirement, while other processes are much less specific.

Objective:

In this paper we report the binding of Mn (II), Ni (II) and Co (II) with albumin
are reported employing spectrophotometric and pH metric method. In order to distinguish
between ionic and colloidal linking, the binding of metal by using pH metric and viscometric
methods and the result are discussed in terms of electrovalent and coordinate bonding.

Methods:

The binding of Ni+2, Co+2 and Mn+2 ions have been studied with egg protein at
different pH values and temperatures by the spectrometric technique.

Results:

The binding data were found to be pH and temperature dependent. The intrinsic
association constants (k) and the number of binding sites (n) were calculated from
Scatchard plots and found to be at the maximum at lower pH and at lower temperatures.
Therefore, a lower temperature and lower pH offered more sites in the protein molecule for
interaction with these metal ions. Statistical effects seem to be more significant at lower
Ni+2, Co+2 and Mn+2 ions concentrations, while at higher concentrations electrostatic effects
and heterogeneity of sites are more significant.

Conclusion:

The pH metric as well as viscometric data provided sufficient evidence about
the linking of cobalt, nickel and manganese ions with the nitrogen groups of albumin.
From the nature and height of curves in the three cases it may be concluded that nickel ions
bound strongly while the cobalt ions bound weakly.
Synthesis of Propargylamines by Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Bosque Irene , Chinchilla Rafael , Gonzalez-Gomez José Carlos , Guijarro David
Published: September 2019

Propargylamines are versatile compounds for heterocyclic synthesis, some of which are current drugs prescribed to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease. There are different methods to synthesize propargylamines, however, modern chemistry has moved progressively to rely on new strategies that meet the principles of Green Chemistry. In this context, propargylamines are readily accessible by the cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of two C-H bonds (i.e., NCsp3-H and Csp-H bonds); surely, CDC can be considered the most atom-economic and efficient manner to form C-C bonds. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive survey on the synthesis of propargylamines by the CDC of amines and terminal alkynes from three fronts: (a) transition-metal homogeneous catalysis, (b) transition-metal heterogeneous catalysis and (c) photoredox catalysis. A section dealing with the asymmetric synthesis of chiral propargylamines is also included. Special attention is also devoted to the proposed reaction mechanisms.
The Study of the Registration Guideline of Nutraceutical Products in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Athalye Mansi , Vaghela Sneha , Bhavsar Nehal
Published: September 2019

Over the years, a number of dietary supplements and health foods are being utilized and
are available at pharmacy stores. These medicinally or nutritionally functional foods are considered
as ‘Nutraceuticals’. The term was defined in 1989 by Stephen De Felice, founder and chairman
of the Foundation for Innovation in Medicine, an American organization which encourages
medical health research. He defined a nutraceutical as a “food, or parts of a food, that provide
medical or health benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease”. As these substances
are neither be considered as drug or as food, the risk of toxicity and safety should be considered
for better health management which requires the research and safety evaluation of Nutraceuticals
as per the regulations. Therefore, the aim of the present work is to review regulatory prospects of
these Nutraceutical products in ASEAN countries.
Comparison of Regulatory Requirements for Filing Drug Master File (DMF) in Emerging Markets - China, Brazil & South Korea
Authors: Reddy Kunta N. , Vasantharaju Surenahalli G.
Published: September 2019

Background:

A DMF consists of confidential information, usually related to Chemistry, Manufacturing
and Control (CMC) of the drug substance. DMF is prepared and submitted by the pharmaceutical
manufacturer solely to the regulatory authority of the respected country where he wants to market.

Objective:

Compare the regulations of the emerging markets with that of a regulated market and to highlight
the stringent requirements imposed by emerging authorities. The similarities and differences of the
requirements for filing a DMF in emerging markets are compared against the regulated market.

Methods:

The method carried out for every single study follows some patterns and certain pathways in
order to reach its target. Method begins with scope and objective of regulatory perspective of DMF filing
requirements for USA, China, Brazil and Korea. The information was collected from Regulatory authorities,
Legislations, Guidelines and Experts opinion.

Results:

Regulatory requirements for filing a DMF for API registration vary from country to country.
Even though a standard ICH-CTD format is available and most widely followed, there are some specific
requirements recommended by drug authorities which are mandatory to be provided while filing to that
particular country.

Conclusion:

Based on the current study it is clear that emerging markets possess more stringent requirements
for API approval as compared to the regulatory market but the dispute is that the emerging markets
do not have harmonized guidelines and are not transparent enough.
Suicides and Suicide Attempts Among Psychiatric Hospital Inpatients in Iran
Authors: Shoja Shafti Saeed , Memarie Alireza , Rezaie Masomeh , Hamidi Masomeh
Published: September 2019

Background:

Suicidal behavior is seen in the context of a variety of mental disorders.
While many believe that, in general, first-episode psychosis is a particularly high-risk period for
suicide, no general agreement regarding higher prevalence of suicide in first-episode psychosis is
achievable.

Objective:

In the present study, suicides and suicide attempts among psychiatric in-patients have
been evaluated to assess the general profile of suicidal behavior among native psychiatric inpatients
and any relationship between serum cholesterol level and suicidal behavior.

Methods:

Five acute academic wards, which have been specified for admission of first episode adult
psychiatric patients, and five acute non-academic wards, which have been specified for admission of
recurrent episode adult psychiatric patients, were selected for the current study. All inpatients with
suicidal behavior (successful suicide and attempted suicide, in total), during the last five years
(2013-2018), were included in the present investigation. Also, the assessment of serum lipids, including
triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein, was done ,
for comparing the suicidal subjects with non-suicidal ones.

Results:

Among 19160 psychiatric patients hospitalized in Razi psychiatric hospital during a sixtymonths
period, 63 suicidal behaviors, including one successful suicide and sixty-two suicide attempts,
were recorded by the safety board of hospital. The most frequent mental illness was bipolar
I disorder, which was significantly more prevalent in comparison with other mental disorders
(p<0.04, p<0.02, p<0.007, and p<0.003 in comparison with schizophrenia, depression, personality
disorders and substance abuse, respectively). Self-mutilation, self-poisoning and hanging were the
preferred methods of suicide among 61.11%, 19.44% and 19.44% of cases, respectively. In addition,
no significant difference was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission inpatients,
totally and separately, particularly with respect to psychotic disorders. Besides, with respect to different
components of serum lipids, no specific or significant pattern was evident.

Conclusion:

While in the present study, the suicidal behavior was significantly more evident in
bipolar disorder in comparison with other psychotic or no-psychotic disorders, no significant difference
was evident between the first admission and recurrent admission of psychiatric inpatients.
Moreover, no significant relationship between suicidal behavior and serum lipids was found .
Implementation: The Next Giant Hurdle to Clinical Transformation With Digital Health (Preprint)
Authors: Buis Lorraine
Published: September 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Clinical implementation of digital health is a major hurdle to overcome in the coming years. Considering the role of the Journal of Medical Internet Research in the past 20 years and looking toward the journal’s future, this Viewpoint acknowledges the vision of medicine and the role that digital health plays in that vision and highlights barriers to implementation of digital health as an obstacle to achieving that vision. In particular, this paper focuses on how digital health research must start looking toward implementation as an area of inquiry and the role that the Journal of Medical Internet Research can play in this process.
Circulating Advanced Glycation Endproducts and Long-Term Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sotomayor Camilo G. , Gomes-Neto António W. , van Londen Marco , Gans Rijk O. B. , Nolte Ilja M. , Berger Stefan P. , Navis Gerjan J. , Rodrigo Ramón , Leuvenink Henri G. D. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Bakker Stephan J. L.
Published: September 2019

Background and objectives

In kidney transplant recipients, elevated circulating advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are the result of increased formation and decreased kidney clearance. AGEs trigger several intracellular mechanisms that ultimately yield excess cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that, in stable kidney transplant recipients, circulating AGEs are associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality, and that such a relationship is mediated by inflammatory, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction biomarkers.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Prospective cohort study of stable kidney transplant recipients recruited between 2001 and 2003 in a university setting. We performed multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analyses to assess the association of AGEs (i.e., Nε
-[Carboxymethyl]lysine (CML) and Nε
-[Carboxyethyl]lysine (CEL), measured by tandem mass spectrometry) with cardiovascular mortality. Mediation analyses were performed according to Preacher and Hayes’s procedure.

Results

We included 555 kidney transplant recipients (age 51±12 years, 56% men). During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 122 kidney transplant recipients died (52% deaths were due to cardiovascular causes). CML and CEL concentrations were directly associated with cardiovascular mortality (respectively, hazard ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.24 to 1.95; P<0.001; and hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval 1.18 to 1.98; P=0.002), independent of age, diabetes, smoking status, body mass index, eGFR and proteinuria. Further adjustments, including cardiovascular history, did not materially change these findings. In mediation analyses, free thiol groups and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 consistently explained approximately 35% of the association of CML and CEL with cardiovascular mortality.

Conclusions

In stable kidney transplant recipients, circulating levels of AGEs are independently associated with long-term risk of cardiovascular mortality.

Podcast

This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_09_17_CJN00540119.mp3
A REVIEW ON LAWSONIA INERMIS: A POTENTIAL MEDICINAL PLANT
Authors: AL-SNAFI ALI ESMAIL
Published: September 2019

Lawsonia inermis (Family: Lythraceae) contained carbohydrates, phenolic, flavonoids, saponins, proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, quinones, coumarins, xanthones, fat, resin and tannins. It also contained 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (lawsone). Many alkaloids, naphthoquinone derivatives, phenolics and flavonoids were isolated from different parts of Lawsonia inermis. The pharmacological studies showed that Lawsonia inermis showed antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, central nervous, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, wound and burn healing, immunomodulatory, antiurolithiatic, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antiulcer, antidiarrhoeal, diuretic, anticancer and many other pharmacological effects. The current review will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Lawsonia inermis.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF BUSPIRONE USING COPROCESSED SUPERDISINTEGRANTS
Authors: SHARMA SHALLY , SETH NIMRATA , GILL NARESH SINGH
Published: September 2019

Objective: The present study aims to formulate and evaluate Fast dissolving tablet of Buspirone, the drug that is used for management of anxiety, by direct compression method using various Super disintegrants.

Methods: Ten formulations (F1-F10) of fast dissolving tablets of Buspirone were prepared by using various Superdisintegrants. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, water absorption, wetting time, and disintegration time and in vitro dissolution study.

Results: Among all the formulations, F10 (containing 5 mg of Coprocessed (CS: SSG 1:2) Superdisintegrants) was considered to be the best formulation, which released up to 98% drug in 20 min as compared to a marketed conventional dosage form which dissolves in approx 60 min. The results of stability study of formulation F10 after a period of two months indicated that the formulation was stable.

Conclusion: It was concluded that a fast-dissolving tablet of Buspirone containing various Superdisintegrants is better and effective to meet patient compliance.
EXPLORING UNIVERSITY STUDENTS PERCEPTION OF STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT DURING A UNIVERSITY HEALTH PROMOTION DAY
Authors: MOUSSE FATHIA , MORRISSEY HANA , BALL PATRICK ANTHONY
Published: September 2019

Objective: Stress, depression and anxiety are common, estimated at 19.7% people showing symptoms of these diseases. Although, effective treatment for depression and anxiety is available, they are still under diagnosed and treated to avoid stigma.

The study aims to explore the impact of pharmacist-led health promotion to increase the university local population awareness about stress, the causes and management.

Methods: A questionnaire-based study which included 50 participants aged 18 and over from the University of Wolverhampton.

Results: The findings revealed that stress has an impact on the individuals’ lives, but they understood the effects of stress. The results informed the different factors that cause stress amongst the participants of multiple demographics.

Conclusion: Change is required to improve the mental well-being of the public. This study improved the University of Wolverhampton’s student’s knowledge and awareness of mental health. It provides in-depth knowledge for a future pharmacist to learn about stress management to help patients with more advanced services given in community pharmacies. Expanding knowledge within this area could assist millions of affected people to seek help.
SLC3 and SLC7 families of heteromeric amino acid transporters (HATs) (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Kanai Yoshikatsu
Published: September 2019

The SLC3 and SLC7 families combine to generate functional transporters, where the subunit composition is a disulphide-linked combination of a heavy chain (SLC3 family) with a light chain (SLC7 family).
Adhesion Class GPCRs (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Arac-Ozkan Demet , Aust Gabriela , Bonner Tom I. , Cappallo-Obermann Heike , Formstone Caroline , Hamann Jörg , Harty Breanne , Heyne Henrike , Kirchhoff Christiane , Knapp Barbara , Krishnan Arunkumar , Langenhan Tobias , Le Duc Diana , Lin Hsi-Hsien , Martinelli David C. , Monk Kelly , Piao Xianhua , Prömel Simone , Schöneberg Torsten , Schiöth Helgi , Singer Kathleen , Stacey Martin , Ushkaryov Yuri , Wolfrum Uwe , Xu Lei
Published: September 2019

Adhesion GPCRs are structurally identified on the basis of a large extracellular region, similar to the Class B GPCR, but which is linked to the 7TM region by a GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain [8] containing a GPCR proteolytic site. The N-terminus often shares structural homology with adhesive domains (e.g. cadherins, immunolobulin, lectins) facilitating inter- and matricellular interactions and leading to the term adhesion GPCR [82, 332]. Several receptors have been suggested to function as mechanosensors [254, 234, 315, 32]. The nomenclature of these receptors was revised in 2015 as recommended by NC-IUPHAR and the Adhesion GPCR Consortium [100].
SLC15 family of peptide transporters (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Thwaites David T. , Verri Tiziano
Published: September 2019

The Solute Carrier 15 (SLC15) family of peptide transporters, alias H+-coupled oligopeptide cotransporter family, is a group of membrane transporters known for their key role in the cellular uptake of di- and tripeptides (di/tripeptides). Of its members, SLC15A1 (PEPT1) chiefly mediates intestinal absorption of luminal di/tripeptides from overall dietary protein digestion, SLC15A2 (PEPT2) mainly allows renal tubular reuptake of di/tripeptides from ultrafiltration and brain-to-blood efflux of di/tripeptides in the choroid plexus, SLC15A3 (PHT2) and SLC15A4 (PHT1) interact with both di/tripeptides and histidine, e.g. in certain immune cells, and SLC15A5 has unknown physiological function. In addition, the SLC15 family of peptide transporters variably interacts with a very large number of peptidomimetics and peptide-like drugs. It is conceivable, based on the currently acknowledged structural and functional differences, to divide the SLC15 family of peptide transporters into two subfamilies.
Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: Dautzenberg Frank M. , Grigoriadis Dimitri E. , Hauger Richard L. , Risbrough Victoria B. , Steckler Thomas , Vale Wylie W. , Valentino Rita J.
Published: September 2019

Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR subcommittee on Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptors [30]) receptors are activated by the endogenous peptides corticotrophin-releasing hormone, a 41 amino-acid peptide, urocortin 1, 40 amino-acids, urocortin 2, 38 amino-acids and urocortin 3, 38 amino-acids. CRF1 and CRF2 receptors are activated non-selectively by CRH and UCN. CRF2 receptors are selectively activated by UCN2 and UCN3. Binding to CRF receptors can be conducted using radioligands [125I]Tyr0-CRF or [125I]Tyr0-sauvagine with Kd values of 0.1-0.4 nM. CRF1 and CRF2 receptors are non-selectively antagonized by α-helical CRF, D-Phe-CRF-(12-41) and astressin. CRF1 receptors are selectively antagonized by small molecules NBI27914, R121919, antalarmin, CP 154,526, CP 376,395. CRF2 receptors are selectively antagonized by antisauvagine and astressin 2B.
Endothelin receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database
Authors: D'Orléans-Juste Pedro , Davenport Anthony P. , Godfraind Théophile , Maguire Janet J. , Ohlstein Eliot H. , Ruffolo Robert R.
Published: September 2019

Endothelin receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Endothelin Receptors [24]) are activated by the endogenous 21 amino-acid peptides endothelins 1-3 (endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-3).