bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of bleaching and desensitizing gel on bond strength of orthodontic brackets
Authors: Britto Fernanda Alves Rodrigues , Lucato Adriana Simoni , Valdrighi Heloisa Cristina , Vedovello Sílvia Amélia Scudeler
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess, in vitro, the influence of bleaching gel and the use of desensitizing agent over bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded to bovine enamel. METHODS: One hundred bovine incisors were selected and randomly divided into five groups (n = 20): Group 1, control group (without bleaching); Group 2, bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide; Group 3, bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (three applications, 15 minutes each) and desensitizing agent applied for 10 minutes; Group 4, bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 40 minutes; Group 5, bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 40 minutes with desensitizing agent applied for 10 minutes. Brackets were bonded 7 days after bleaching and submitted to shear bond strength test after 24 hours at a compression rate of 1 mm/minute. After fracture, the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assessed under stereoscopic at 40 x magnification. Shear strength data (MPa) were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: Group 5 (29.33 MPa) showed significantly higher bond strength than Group 1 (19.19 MPa), Group 2 (20.59 MPa) and Group 4 (23.25 MPa), but with no difference in comparison to Group 3. There was no significant difference among the other groups. The adhesive remnant index showed predominance of score 3, that is, all resin remained adhered to enamel for all groups. CONCLUSION: Bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with calcium associated with desensitizing agent application produced higher bond strength values of brackets bonded to bovine enamel.
A digital volumetric tomography (DVT) study in the mandibular molar region for miniscrew placement during mixed dentition
Authors: Bhattad Mayur S. , Baliga Sudhindra , Vibhute Pavan
Published: May 2015

OBJECTIVE: To assess bone thickness for miniscrew placement in the mandible during mixed dentition by using digital volumetric tomograph (DVT). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 15 healthy patients aged 8-10 years old, with early exfoliated mandibular second deciduous molar, were included. DVT images of one quadrant of the mandible were obtained using Kodak extraoral imaging systems and analyzed by Kodak dental imaging software. The error of the method (EM) was calculated using Dahlberg's formula. Mean and standard deviation were calculated at 6 and 8 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ).Paired t-test was used to analyze the measurements. RESULTS: Buccal cortical bone thickness, mesiodistal width and buccolingual bone depth at 6 mm were found to be 1.73 + 0.41, 2.15 + 0.49 and 13.18 + 1.22 mm, respectively; while at 8 mm measurements were 2.42 + 0.34, 2.48 + 0.33 and 13.65 + 1.25 mm, respectively. EM for buccal cortical bone thickness, mesiodistal width and buccolingual bone depth was 0.58, 0.40 and 0.48, respectively. The difference in measurement at 6 and 8 mm for buccal cortical plate thickness (P < 0.05) and buccolingual bone thickness (P < 0.05) was found to be significant, whereas for mesiodistal width it was insignificant (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Bone thickness measurement has shown promising evidence for safe placement of miniscrews in the mandible during mixed dentition. The use of miniscrew is the best alternative, even in younger patients.
A classe feita corpo: pertencimento e discriminação social em Inferno provisório, de Luiz Ruffato
Authors: Delgado Gabriel Estides
Published: May 2015

Em Inferno provisório, Luiz Ruffato confere centralidade à caracterização física de suas personagens migrantes e marginalizadas. A incorporação das estruturas sociais dá-se a ver tanto na hexis corporal, que guarda equivalências com os condicionamentos históricos do portador, quanto no universo de objetos consumidos, que funcionam como índices das condições (e relações) de classe figuradas pelo escritor mineiro. Amplificada a importância dos desejos de ascensão social e poder de consumo das personagens, seus corpos apresentam-se como espaços saturados de poder simbólico e linguagem. Para esta análise, foram escolhidas, como narrativas representativas dos demais momentos da poética de Inferno provisório, histórias dos dois últimos livros (volumes IV e V) da série literária - O livro das impossibilidades e Domingos sem Deus.
A meninice mentida e o futuro profanado: as narrativas de Valêncio Xavier
Authors: Borges Fernanda
Published: May 2015

As obras de Valêncio Xavier caracterizam-se, em termos formais, pela utilização de diversos tipos de imagens (desenhos, fotografias, artigos de jornal, flip books), elementos que compõem narrativas híbridas. Tais artefatos são organizados de modo a compor um álbum no romance Minha mãe morrendo e o menino mentido e um necrológio em Meu 7º dia: uma novella rébus. Da meninice mentida ao funeral dessacralizado, Valêncio Xavier ilumina e reelabora lembranças infantis e projeta e ironiza o futuro inevitável. Dessa forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir atributos estruturais e temáticos das obras do autor brasileiro a fim de refletir acerca desses álbuns narrativos que criam o passado e o futuro.
A arte de andar nas ruas de Brasília
Authors: Beal Sophia
Published: May 2015

Como argumenta Michel de Certeau, o caminhar revela algo íntimo: o uso personalizado da cidade. Na literatura de Brasília, o caminhar é indicativo da busca de prazer, da disposição para correr riscos e de tentativas de humanizar e individualizar uma cidade planejada mais para os carros que para os pedestres. Andar em Brasília é uma espécie de paradoxo. Qual o papel do pedestre em uma cidade projetada para carros e com o formato de um avião? Uma série de poemas, crônicas, contos e canções (de Nicolas Behr, Aborto Elétrico, Capital Inicial, Legião Urbana, GOG, José Rezende Jr., Pedro Biondi, Liziane Guazina, Fernanda Barreto e Augusto Rodrigues) viram de cabeça para baixo as origens e a organização hierárquica de Brasília, sugerindo que os moradores atuais - à medida que andam pela cidade em suas vidas cotidianas - estão criando e transformando a capital de formas significativas.
Genetic parameters for drought-tolerance in cassava
Authors: Oliveira Eder Jorge de , Aidar Saulo de Tarso , Morgante Carolina Viana , Chaves Agnaldo Rodrigues de Melo , Cruz Jailson Lopez , Coelho Filho Maurício Antônio
Published: May 2015

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of drought on genetic parameters and breeding values of cassava. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized block design with three replicates, under field conditions with (WD) or without (FI) water deficit. Yield of storage roots (RoY), shoot (ShY), and starch (StY), as well as the number of roots (NR), and root dry matter content (DMC) were evaluated in 47 cassava accessions. Significant differences were observed among accessions; according to heritability, these differences had mostly a genetic nature. Heritability estimates for genotypic effects () ranged from 0.25±0.12 (NR) to 0.60±0.18 (DMC), and from 0.51±0.17 (NR) to 0.80±0.21 (RoY and StY) for WD and FI, respectively, as a consequence of greater environmental influence on WD. Selective accuracy was lower in WD, and ranged from 0.71 (NR) to 0.89 (RoY, DMC, and StY). However, genetic gains were quite high and ranged from 24.43% (DMC) to 113.41% (StY), in WD, and from 8.5% (DMC) to 75.70% (StY) in FI. These genetic parameters may be useful for defining which selection strategies, breeding methods, and experimental designs are more suitable to obtain cassava genetic gains for tolerance to drought.
Glicerina bruta em suplementos para bovinos de corte a pasto no período seco
Authors: Botini Leonardo Antônio , Moraes Kamila Andreatta Kling de , Moraes Eduardo Henrique Bevitori Kling de , Pina Douglas dos Santos , Paula Diego Cordeiro de , Hoffmann Alvair , Stinguel Helio , Socreppa Leandro Munhoz , Meneses Daniel Mendonça de
Published: May 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição do milho pela glicerina bruta (GB) sobre os parâmetros nutricionais e o desempenho de bovinos de corte em pastagem de Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu', no período seco. Para a avaliação dos parâmetros ruminais, foram utilizados cinco bovinos da raça Nelore não fistulados, com peso corporal (PC) inicial de 331,7±29,6 kg, distribuídos em delineamento em quadrado latino 5x5. Para a avaliação do desempenho, foram utilizados 30 bovinos, com PC médio de 312,4±23,3 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Avaliaram-se suplementos concentrados (20% de proteína bruta) com 0, 33, 66 e 100% de GB em substituição ao milho, fornecidos na quantidade de 4,0 kg por animal por dia. Os consumos de matéria seca (MS) de suplemento, total e de pasto, bem como o de matéria orgânica (MO) digestível, apresentaram comportamento quadrático frente aos níveis de substituição. As digestibilidades aparentes de MS, MO, fibra em detergente neutro e MO digerida, bem como o ganho médio diário, também apresentaram comportamento quadrático. Em suplementos concentrados fornecidos na quantidade de 10 g kg-1 de peso corporal, a substituição total do milho pela glicerina bruta reduz o consumo de suplemento e de matéria orgânica digerida, além do desempenho de bovinos de corte em pastejo.
O traumático na psicanálise e psiquiatria: implicações ético-políticas
Authors: Oliveira Stephan Malta
Published: May 2015

O objetivo do artigo consiste em articular o discurso psicanalítico e psiquiátrico sobre o trauma, extraindo as implicações ético-políticas desta articulação, além de promover um resgate da subjetividade pela psiquiatria. A justificativa é ético-pragmática. A metodologia consiste na revisão não sistemática da literatura, mediante a seleção de textos que enfocam o traumático na psicanálise - a partir das categorias freudianas "neurose traumática", "compulsão à repetição", "pulsão de morte" e "passagem ao ato", além de textos de autores pós-freudianos e da literatura acerca dos testemunhos de catástrofes históricas, que situam o traumático na ordem do irrepresentável - bem como a seleção de textos na área da psiquiatria, que tratam das categorias "estressores precoces" e "estresse pós-traumático", enfatizando a relação entre os estressores precoces e o desenvolvimento posterior de quadros psicopatológicos. Enfatiza-se também a susceptibilidade individual a determinados eventos traumáticos, bem como as bases neurobiológicas do TEPT. São extraídas importantes implicações ético-políticas a partir da articulação proposta, que impactam no âmbito da clínica, levando a uma prática mais efetiva, e no âmbito político-social, com relação à elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde mental, que visam à prevenção de eventos traumatogênicos, bem como a oferta de serviços qualificados aos pacientes submetidos a vivências traumáticas.
Análise do perfil sociodemográfico e do processo de trabalho do cirurgião-dentista inserido no Programa de Saúde da Família em três municípios da região serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Moraes Liliane Barbosa de , Kligerman Débora Cynamon , Cohen Simone Cynamon
Published: May 2015

A inserção da odontologia no Programa de Saúde da Família teve como principal objetivo a reorganização do modelo de atenção, ampliando o acesso da população aos serviços de saúde bucal, garantindo atenção integral, mediante o estabelecimento de vínculo territorial. Nesse contexto, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o perfil do cirurgião-dentista inserido no Programa e analisar o processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde bucal em três municípios da região serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, verificando se houve substituição do modelo tradicional de atendimento, por aquele centrado nos princípios do SUS. Realizou-se estudo exploratório baseado em entrevista. O perfil do cirurgião-dentista encontrado nesses municípios revelou potencialidades para a transformação das práticas em saúde bucal, mas a análise do processo de trabalho identificou pouco envolvimento desses profissionais com as condições de vida da comunidade e dificuldade para trabalhar em equipes multiprofissionais. Aponta-se a necessidade de políticas públicas que incorporem programas de capacitação para que o cirurgião-dentista atue em consonância com as diretrizes do Programa de Saúde da Família.
¿Qué y cómo observar interacciones para comprender la autoridad pedagógica del profesor en su ejercicio?
Authors: Meza Marisa , Cox Pilar , Zamora Guillermo
Published: May 2015

La autoridad pedagógica del profesor en el aula tal como se ha entendido de manera tradicional en las escuelas ha llegado a su fin. Parece necesario entonces comprender la autoridad que hoy se da en las aulas desde nuevos referentes teóricos y prácticos para formar a los futuros profesores. Una tarea para ello consiste en identificar las formas desde dónde se construye actualmente la autoridad pedagógica del profesor. Este trabajo contribuye a tal tarea presentando los desafíos teórico-prácticos que plantea el proceso de construcción de una propuesta de protocolo de observación de la autoridad pedagógica. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa que considera tanto el juicio de expertos como una prueba piloto y se asume un modelo de toma de decisiones deliberativo. En relación al qué y cómo observar, la principal conclusión consiste en afirmar que un protocolo de observación sobre autoridad pedagógica que tiene como propósito abrirse a su actual ejercicio debe desplazar la atención desde la figura del profesor a las interacciones. El foco en la interacción permitiría la observación de nuevas formas de legitimación de la autoridad que los jóvenes hoy realizan, permitiendo la superación del sesgo que puedan traer los observadores quienes pertenecen a otra generación.
Evaluation of neurodevelopment of preterm infants using Bayley III scale
Authors: Góes Fernanda Veiga de , Méio Maria Dalva B. B. , Mello Rosane Reis de , Morsch Denise
Published: May 2015

Objectives: to assess cognitive, motor, and language development in preterm infants, and perinatal, neonatal and socioeconomic factors associated with abnormal development. Methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out with 104 preterm infants (gestational ages < 33 weeks) (17 - 30 months corrected ages) using the Bayley III Scale. Logistic regression analysis was performed and prevalence ratios calculated. Results: the average language score (81.9) was low, while cognitive (93.7) and motor (91.1) scores were within normal values. There were deficiencies in receptive but not in expressive language. Male sex (OR 2.55 CI 1.01-6.44) and neonatal pneumonia (OR 33.85 CI 3.3-337.8) were associated with abnormal language scores. No factor was associated with abnormal cognitive scores; male gender indicated an increased risk of abnormal motor scores. The lack of a father was a risk factor for impaired motor development (PR: 2.96, CI: 5.6 - 1.55). There was no statistically significant difference in the development of small and appropriate for gestational age children. Conclusions: the Bayley III Scale was useful for assessing language and cognition separately, discriminating between receptive and expressive language. There was a high frequency of language deficiencies, especially in receptive language. Although motor and cognitive average scores were within the normal range, there was a high frequency of children with delayed development in these areas, especially motor development.
Fortalecimento muscular em adolescentes com paralisia cerebral: avaliação de dois protocolos em desenho experimental de caso único
Authors: Furtado Sheyla Rossana Cavalcanti , Vaz Daniela Virgínia , Moura Leandro Barbosa de , Pinto Tatiana Pessoa da Silva , Mancini Marisa Cotta
Published: May 2015

Objetivos: descrever mudanças na função motora de dois adolescentes com diplegia espástica, sendo um deles participante de um protocolo de fortalecimento muscular isolado (FMI) e o outro de protocolo de fortalecimento com tarefas funcionais (FTF). Métodos: desenho experimental de caso único, metodologia que revela a temporalidade do perfil de mudanças ao longo e após a terapia. Este desenho incluiu fases de baseline, de intervenção e de followup com quatro, seis e três semanas, respectivamente. Participantes foram duas adolescentes com displegia espástica submetidas, cada uma, a um protocolo de intervenção: fortalecimento muscular isolado (FMI) ou fortalecimento com tarefas funcionais (FTF). Os protocolos de intervenção incluíram exercícios de fortalecimento muscular isolado de extensores de quadril, extensores de joelho e flexores plantares (para a participante do FMI), ou de exercícios funcionais para as mesmas musculaturas (para a participante do FTF). Mensurações três vezes por semana avaliaram força muscular, velocidade de marcha, tempo para subir e descer escadas, tempo para se levantar do chão e tempo no teste Timed Get Up and Go. Os dados foram analisados com Celeration Line, Amplitude de Dois Desvios Padrão e Análise Visual. Resultados: ganhos de força muscular de membros inferiores foram observados nas adolescentes submetidas a ambos os protocolos. Mudanças nas atividades motoras foram observadas em 2 das 4 tarefas testadas em somente uma das adolescentes (p<0,05). Conclusões: a especificidade funcional do protocolo de fortalecimento FTF produziu modestos efeitos no desempenho de atividades motoras de uma das adolescentes com PC, em acréscimo aos ganhos de força muscular produzidos por ambos os protocolos.
Superoxide overproduction and kidney fibrosis: a new animal model
Authors: Guimarães-Souza Nadia Karina , Yamaleyeva Liliya Marsovna , Lu Baisong , Ramos Ana Claudia Mallet de Souza , Bishop Colin Edward , Andersson Karl Erik
Published: May 2015

Objective To establish whether the mutation in the Immp2L gene induces renal fibrosis and whether aging exacerbates renal morphology in mice. Methods Female mutant mice with mutation in the inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase 2-like protein at 3 and 18 months of age were used. Renal fibrosis was analyzed using classic fibrosis score, Masson’s trichrome staining, and analysis of profibrotic markers using real time polymerase chain reaction (superoxide dismutase 1, metalloproteinase-9, erythropoietin, transforming growth factor beta), and immunostaining (fibroblasts and Type IV collagen). Oxidative stress markers were determined by immunohistochemistry. The number of renal apoptotic cells was determined. Renal function was estimated by serum creatinine. Results Young mutant mice had significantly more glomerulosclerosis than age-matched mice (p=0.034). Mutant mice had more tubular casts (p=0.025), collagen deposition (p=0.019), and collagen type IV expression (p<0.001). Superoxide dismutase 1 expression was significantly higher in young mutants (p=0.038). Old mutants exhibited significantly higher expression of the fibroblast marker and macrophage marker (p=0.007 and p=0.012, respectively). The real time polymerase chain reaction of metalloproteinase-9 and erythropoietin were enhanced 2.5- and 6-fold, respectively, in old mutants. Serum creatinine was significantly higher in old mutants (p<0.001). Conclusion This mutation altered renal architecture by increasing the deposition of extracellular matrix, oxidative stress, and inflammation, suggesting a protective role of Immp2L against renal fibrosis.
Impact of activities in self-esteem of patients in a pulmonary rehabilitation program
Authors: Oliveira Juliana Nascimento de , Tavares Cecilia Melo Rosa , Squassoni Selma Denis , Machado Nadine Cristina , Cordoni Priscila Kessar , Bortolassi Luciene Costa , Lapa Mônica Silveira , Fiss Elie
Published: May 2015

Objective To evaluate self-esteem and self-image of respiratory diseases patients in a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, who participated in socialization and physical fitness activities, and of patients who participated only in physical fitness sessions. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional exploratory study. Out of a total of 60 patients analyzed, all enrolled in the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program, 42 participated in at least one of the proposed activities, 10 did not participate in any activity and 8 were excluded (7 were discharged and 1 died). Results When the two groups were compared, despite the fact that both demonstrated low self-esteem and self-image, the difference between them was relevant (p<0.05) regarding self-esteem, indicating that those who participated in the proposed socialization activities had better self-esteem than the individuals who only did the physical fitness sessions. Regarding self-image, the difference between the groups was not relevant (p>0.05). Conclusion The Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program patients evaluated presented low self-esteem and self-image; however, those carrying out some socialization activity proposed had better self-esteem as compared to the individuals who did only the physical fitness sessions.
Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation
Authors: Meira Filho Sérgio Paiva , Guardia Bianca Della , Evangelista Andréia Silva , Matielo Celso Eduardo Lourenço , Neves Douglas Bastos , Pandullo Fernando Luis , Felga Guilherme Eduardo Gonçalves , Alves Jefferson André da Silva , Curvelo Lilian Amorim , Diaz Luiz Gustavo Guedes , Rusi Marcela Balbo , Viveiros Marcelo de Melo , Almeida Marcio Dias de , Epstein Marina Gabrielle , Pedroso Pamella Tung , Salvalaggio Paolo , Meirelles Júnior Roberto Ferreira , Rocco Rodrigo Andrey , Almeida Samira Scalso de , Rezende Marcelo Bruno de
Published: May 2015

Intestinal transplantation has shown exceptional growth over the past 10 years. At the end of the 1990’s, intestinal transplantation moved out of the experimental realm to become a routine practice in treating patients with severe complications related to total parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure. In the last years, several centers reported an increasing improvement in survival outcomes (about 80%), during the first 12 months after surgery, but long-term survival is still a challenge. Several advances led to clinical application of transplants. Immunosuppression involved in intestinal and multivisceral transplantation was the biggest gain for this procedure in the past decade due to tacrolimus, and new inducing drugs, mono- and polyclonal anti-lymphocyte antibodies. Despite the advancement of rigid immunosuppression protocols, rejection is still very frequent in the first 12 months, and can result in long-term graft loss. The future of intestinal transplantation and multivisceral transplantation appears promising. The major challenge is early recognition of acute rejection in order to prevent graft loss, opportunistic infections associated to complications, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and graft versus host disease; and consequently, improve results in the long run.
Biomonitoring ecological status of two reservoirs of the Brazilian semi-arid using phytoplankton assemblages (Q index)
Authors: Silva Ana Paula Cardoso , Costa Ivaneide Alves Soares da
Published: May 2015

AimAssess whether the assembly index is a suitable tool for biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems of semi-arid environment.MethodsMonthly, samples were collected between October 2011 and May 2012 in Santa Cruz do Apodi (5°43'59"S; 46" 00 119 "W) and Pau dos Ferros (6°08'30.12" S; 038°10'59 880"W) reservoirs.ResultsThe Pau dos Ferros reservoir, shallow, turbid and eutrophic showed dominance of the functional group SN throughout the sample period. Total phytoplankton biovolume ranged between 20 and 70 mm³.L–1, the lowest values coincided with the increase of the mixing zone and transparency, which occasioned a change in composition of the phytoplankton community. Pau dos Ferros reservoir was categorized as poor for most of the sample period. The Santa Cruz do Apodi reservoir was characterized as meso-eutrophic, exhibiting low total phytoplankton biovolume (0.04 to 0,4 mm³.L–1) and greater diversity in the phytoplankton composition. It showed moderate condition during most of the period.ConclusionIn summary, the index Q reflected well the changes in phytoplankton composition, being a good indicator for biomonitoring of these systems.
Vertical and temporal dynamics of phytoplanktonic associations and the application of index assembly in tropical semi-arid eutrophic reservoir, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Vieira Pryscila Cynara Soares , Cardoso Maria Marcolina Lima , Costa Ivaneide Alves Soares da
Published: May 2015

AimTo determine the composition and biomass of functional groups around the vertical and temporal gradient correlated with environmental conditions and apply the index Q in a water-supply reservoir.MethodsWater samples were collected monthly (n = 92) between 2009 and 2011 in two points of the dam for physicochemical and biological analysis.ResultsThe pH, dissolved oxygen and water temperature showed significant differences between the photic and aphotic zones (p<0.05). The vertical variation of dissolved oxygen and water temperature, showed a profile of stratification. The phytoplankton community was represented by 11 functional groups: S1, M, H1, Lo, P, F, SN, J, W2, MP and R.ConclusionsThe vertical variations were less pronounced than the temporal variations in the phytoplankton community. The Q index pointed out poor water quality, corresponding to the current state of eutrophication in the reservoir and it was sensitive to responsive to environmental and hydrodynamic changes in these systems, demonstrating to be an appropriate tool for monitoring and evaluating the quality of water in tropical semi-arid reservoirs.
Implications of low food availability on resource partitioning among three species of Cichlidae (Pisces: Perciformes) in a Brazilian semi-arid reservoir
Authors: Figueiredo Bruno Renaly Souza , Araujo Gabrielle Joanne Medeiros , Silva Márcio Joaquim da , Medeiros Elvio Sergio Figueredo
Published: May 2015

AimResource partitioning has been recognized as a major driver affecting fish communities, with the potential to reduce interespecific competition. This is the result of differences in feeding apparatuses and feeding mode, location of the fish species in the water column and swimming ability, as well as type and size of prey and its availability. The present study surveys a highly limited aquatic system in semi-arid Brazil with regard to habitat and food availability, with very low diversity of fish, and poor in underwater habitat structures and prey, with the objective of understanding resource partitioning among fish species under such conditions.MethodsThree species of Cichlidae (Pisces: Perciformes) were sampled during the dry and wet seasons and had their stomach contents analyzed to evaluate food consumption. The resource partition among fish species was evaluated based on Pianka’s niche overlap index and tested for significance against null models.ResultsIt was observed a low overlap among the study species in food resource use, with individuals tending to specialize to select some food items. This is likely the result of low natural variation in abundance of specific food items associated with fish preferences (both morphological and behavioral).ConclusionsThese results support evidence that, in Brazilian semi-arid aquatic systems, coexistence of fish species seems to be enhanced by the partition of food items at specific trophic levels. Within this context, flow variability would have a key hole in fish coexistence by promoting a high diversity of aquatic habitat elements available for colonization of fish and their prey. Furthermore, food resources available to fish play an important role in this dynamics since prey foods are expected to vary in abundance as the habitat changes.
Propriedades clinimétricas da variável eletromiográfica duty factor para desordem temporomandibular
Authors: Nitsch Gabriel Silva , Mella Eloiza Barbeiro , Chaves Thais Cristina , Oliveira Anamaria Siriani de
Published: May 2015

Objetivo Avaliar a confiabilidade e responsividade do duty factor à dor provinda da desordem temporomandibular Métodos Participaram 20 voluntárias, com média de idade de 29 anos e 6 meses (±9,2), portadoras de desordem temporomandibular miogênica, segundo o critério diagnóstico para pesquisa em Desordem Temporomandibular (RDC/TMD). Foram coletados sinais eletromiográficos nas condições de repouso dos músculos mastigatórios, na presença de dor moderada a severa e na diminuição ou eliminação desta dor após aplicação de Estimulação Elétrica Nervosa Transcutânea durante 45 minutos. Os sinais eletromiográficos de repouso foram processados para obtenção dos valores do tempo de ativação muscular acima de 10% do valor da máxima força de apertamento dentário. A confiabilidade foi testada pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse em dados repetidos antes da analgesia. Também foi calculado o erro padrão de medida e mínima mudança detectável. A responsividade da variável foi analisada entre as coletas eletromiográficas realizadas antes e após a analgesia pelo tamanho de efeito e média de resposta padronizada. Resultados Duty factor apresentou valores de coeficiente de correlação intraclasse acima de 0,75 para todos os músculos. O erro padrão foi entre 4% e 8% e a mínima mudança detectável entre 5% e 12%. Na responsividade da variável para a dor, o tamanho de efeito obteve valores entre 0,2 e 0,5 e a média da resposta padronizada, valores acima de 0,8. Conclusão O duty factor apresentou confiabilidade excelente e responsividade à dor da desordem temporomandibular baixa para tamanho de efeito e excelente para média da resposta padronizada.
Se busca
Authors: Duarte Cuesta Óscar Javier
Published: May 2015

Mientras pegaba el último cartel de “Se busca” en una alejada y un tanto olvidada pared de la fría Londres, cerré mi sombrilla y entré a una droguería para comprar una pastilla que me ayudara a sobrellevar la insoportable migraña que, por aquellos días, me acompañaba. Con un pésimo inglés, intenté preguntarle a la farmaceuta si, por casualidad, había visto un niño como el de la fotografía. Ella, con amabilidad, movió su cabeza para decir que no. Volví a abrir la sombrilla y me dirigí a la estación del metro que estaba a dos calles.
Inter‐laboratory variation in the chemical analysis of acidic forest soil reference samples from eastern North America
Authors: Ross D. S. , Bailey S. W. , Briggs R. D. , Curry J. , Fernandez I. J. , Fredriksen G. , Goodale C. L. , Hazlett P. W. , Heine P. R. , Johnson C. E. , Larson J. T. , Lawrence G. B. , Kolka R. K. , Ouimet R. , Paré D. , Richter D. deB. , Schirmer C. D. , Warby R. A.
Published: May 2015

Long‐term forest soil monitoring and research often requires a comparison of laboratory data generated at different times and in different laboratories. Quantifying the uncertainty associated with these analyses is necessary to assess temporal changes in soil properties. Forest soil chemical properties, and methods to measure these properties, often differ from agronomic and horticultural soils. Soil proficiency programs do not generally include forest soil samples that are highly acidic, high in extractable Al, low in extractable Ca and often high in carbon. To determine the uncertainty associated with specific analytical methods for forest soils, we collected and distributed samples from two soil horizons (Oa and Bs) to 15 laboratories in the eastern United States and Canada. Soil properties measured included total organic carbon and nitrogen, pH and exchangeable cations. Overall, results were consistent despite some differences in methodology. We calculated the median absolute deviation (MAD) for each measurement and considered the acceptable range to be the median ± 2.5 × MAD. Variability among laboratories was usually as low as the typical variability within a laboratory. A few areas of concern include a lack of consistency in the measurement and expression of results on a dry weight basis, relatively high variability in the C/N ratio in the Bs horizon, challenges associated with determining exchangeable cations at concentrations near the lower reporting range of some laboratories and the operationally defined nature of aluminum extractability. Recommendations include a continuation of reference forest soil exchange programs to quantify the uncertainty associated with these analyses in conjunction with ongoing efforts to review and standardize laboratory methods.
Habitat configuration affects spatial pattern of β diversity of insect communities breeding in oyster mushrooms
Authors: Kadowaki Kohmei , Inouye Brian D.
Published: May 2015

Theory predicts that spatial structure can mediate interactions that affect species diversity in a patchy environment. A rarely considered effect of spatial structure on biodiversity is the interplay of spatial habitat arrangement with species interactions at multiple spatial scales. We investigated how spatial habitat arrangement and predation mediate the assembly of the larval communities of fungivorous insects breeding in the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex Fr.) P.Kumm in a North American woodland. In a two‐way factorial design, we varied the spatial arrangement of mushroom clumps (‘clustered', ‘patchy', and ‘uniform'; 3 levels) crossed with predator exclusion (access allowed or not; 2 levels) to study their joint effects on patterns of α, β and γ diversity of the fungivorous insect communities. Partitioning diversity into these three components suggested that neither spatial nor predation treatments significantly affected α, β and γ diversity. We found that an intermediate inter‐clump distance (i.e., the ‘patchy' treatment) increased spatial autocorrelation in insect community composition within experimental blocks, particularly in the mushrooms to which predators had access. The spatial structuring in β diversity indicates that the arrangement of mushroom clumps can structure β diversity of fungivorous larval communities through direct effects on the species themselves (e.g., increased aggregation and habitat choice of ovipositing females of fungivorous insects), as well as effects mediated through the presence and behavior of predators (e.g., spatially structured selective foraging by predators acting as a filter on which species were in the clumps). The naturally patchy nature of mushroom fruiting may transform the spatial pattern of β diversity by altering the behavior of ovipositing females, or by weakening the negative effect of larval competition.
On Becoming a Doctor of Nursing Practice
Authors: Lucas Anne M.
Published: May 2015

Life is a journey in which most people strive for the greater good. Nurses strive for the total good. We want to make a positive impact on every life that we touch. To do this, we push ourselves to be better care providers. This often entails further education, broader experience, and greater skills. And sometimes it is ourselves that we need to nourish to do this. This article chronicles 1 nurse practitioner’s journey and transformation on becoming a doctoral prepared nurse practitioner. This, in turn, not only transformed the nurse’s practice but also transformed many other people’s lives.
Inability of Gearing-Ratio as Predictor for Early Warning Systems
Authors: Situm Mario
Published: May 2015

Background: Research in business failure and insolvency prediction provides numerous potential variables, which are in the position to differentiate between solvent and insolvent firms. Nevertheless, not all of them have the same discriminatory power, and therefore their general applicability as crisis indicators within early warning systems seems questionable. Objectives: The paper aims to demonstrate that gearing-ratio is not an appropriate predictor for firm failures/bankruptcies. Methods/Approach: The first and the second order derivatives for the gearing-ratio formula were computed and mathematically analysed. Based on these results an interpretation was given and the suitability of gearing-ratio as a discriminator within business failure prediction models was discussed. These theoretical findings were then empirically tested using financial figures from financial statements of Austrian companies for the observation period between 2008 and 2010. Results: The theoretical assumptions showed that gearing-ratio is not a suitable predictor for early warning systems. This finding was confirmed with empirical data. Conclusions: The inclusion of gearing-ratio within business failure prediction models is not able to provide early warning signals and should therefore be ignored in future model building attempts.
Performance Measurement in Public Sector of Transition Countries
Authors: Veledar Benina , Bašić Meliha , Kapić Jadranka
Published: May 2015

Background: For many years, performance indicators have served as a valid instrument for the evaluation of the public sector quality and efficiency in the majority of developed countries. Such measurements allow internal and external evaluation of the efficiency of the budget and public companies. Objectives: The aim of the paper is to determine to what extent public sector entities in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), as a representative of transition countries, measure and report performance indicators. Methods/Approach: An electronic survey has been conducted among representatives of cantons in FB&H and public utility companies in the Canton of Sarajevo. The Mann-Whitney test was applied in order to test differences between public sector entities according to their performance. Results: The Mann-Whitney non-parametric tests show that the degree of measuring and reporting performance indicators in the public sector in FB&H has a direct impact on the operational results shown in financial statements. Conclusions: EU legislation encourages the development of competition between different programs, products and services in the public sector. This paper sheds light on the causes and consequences of the absence of valid performance measurement in the public sector of FB&H and provides possible solutions to overcome identified problems within measurement, reporting and monitoring of performance indicators.
Contributions to the Knowledge of Romanian Spider Fauna. Steps Towards an Updated Checklist
Authors: Moscaliuc Liviu Aurel
Published: May 2015

In the present article, three spider species are presented as new faunistic elements for Romania: Oecobius maculatus Simon, 1870, Agelena orientalis C. L. Koch, 1837 and Scotolathys simplex Simon, 1884. Out of the three, O. maculatus, by its presence, also raises the count of the spider families known to occur in this territory to 36. O. maculatus appears to be, in Romania, an anthropicdependent element. A. orientalis is a relatively widespread species, rather difficult to distinguish from its sibling species A. labyrinthica, and because of this frequently mislabeled in collections. S. simplex is a rarer Mediterranean element found in Dobruja, close to the Black Sea coast. A case is made in support of an updated Romanian spider checklist.
Cerebral malaria in children : an update
Authors: Islam Mirza Md Ziaul , Rahman M Mizanur
Published: May 2015

Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most severe neurological presentation of acute falciparum malaria. It is a medical emergency, the hallmark of which is the presence of coma probably due to diffuse encephalopathy. A compromised microcirculation with sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes is central to the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria. The death is unacceptably high even with effective antimalarials in tertiary care hospital. The mainstay of treatment of cerebral malaria include prompt diagnosis and early institution of effective antimalarial therapy, recognition of complications, and appropriate supportive management in an ICU. Neurological sequlae are increasingly recognized, but further research on the pathogenesis of coma and neurological damage is required to develop other ancillary treatmentsNorthern International Medical College Journal Vol.6(2) 2015: 45-47
From Enumerating to Generating: A Linear Time Algorithm for Generating 2D Lattice Paths with a Given Number of Turns
Authors: Kuo Ting
Published: May 2015

We propose a linear time algorithm, called G2DLP, for generating 2D lattice L(n1, n2) paths, equivalent to two-item multiset permutations, with a given number of turns. The usage of turn has three meanings: in the context of multiset permutations, it means that two consecutive elements of a permutation belong to two different items; in lattice path enumerations, it means that the path changes its direction, either from eastward to northward or from northward to eastward; in open shop scheduling, it means that we transfer a job from one type of machine to another. The strategy of G2DLP is divide-and-combine; the division is based on the enumeration results of a previous study and is achieved by aid of an integer partition algorithm and a multiset permutation algorithm; the combination is accomplished by a concatenation algorithm that constructs the paths we require. The advantage of G2DLP is twofold. First, it is optimal in the sense that it directly generates all feasible paths without visiting an infeasible one. Second, it can generate all paths in any specified order of turns, for example, a decreasing order or an increasing order. In practice, two applications, scheduling and cryptography, are discussed.
Disassembly Properties of Cementitious Finish Joints Using an Induction Heating Method
Authors: Ahn Jaecheol , Noguchi Takafumi , Kitagaki Ryoma
Published: May 2015

Efficient maintenance and upgrading of a building during its lifecycle are difficult because a cementitious finish uses materials and parts with low disassembly properties. Additionally, the reuse and recycling processes during building demolition also present numerous problems from the perspective of environmental technology. In this study, an induction heating (IH) method was used to disassemble cementitious finish joints, which are widely used to join building members and materials. The IH rapidly and selectively heated and weakened these joints. The temperature elevation characteristics of the cementitious joint materials were measured as a function of several resistor types, including wire meshes and punching metals, which are usually used for cementitious finishing. The disassembly properties were evaluated through various tests using conductive resistors in cementitious joints such as mortar. When steel fiber, punching metal, and wire mesh were used as conductive resistors, the cementitious modifiers could be weakened within 30 s. Cementitious joints with conductive resistors also showed complete disassembly with little residual bond strength.
Chirality in Optical Trapping and Optical Binding
Authors: Bradshaw David , Forbes Kayn , Leeder Jamie , Andrews David
Published: May 2015

Optical trapping is a well-established technique that is increasingly used on biological substances and nanostructures. Chirality, the property of objects that differ from their mirror image, is also of significance in such fields, and a subject of much current interest. This review offers insight into the intertwining of these topics with a focus on the latest theory. Optical trapping of nanoscale objects involves forward Rayleigh scattering of light involving transition dipole moments; usually these dipoles are assumed to be electric although, in chiral studies, magnetic dipoles must also be considered. It is shown that a system combining optical trapping and chirality could be used to separate enantiomers. Attention is also given to optical binding, which involves light induced interactions between trapped particles. Interesting effects also arise when binding is combined with chirality.
De quelques facettes des violences faites aux femmes en Algérie
Authors: Bouatta Cherifa
Published: May 2015

L’auteur présente les résultats d’une recherche sur les violences conjugales menée auprès de cent femmes algériennes résidant dans une petite ville de l’intérieur du pays. L’objectif de la recherche est de cerner le vécu psychologique de ces femmes, leurs réactions, les conséquences des violences qu’elles subissent (psychiques et somatiques), le support dont elles peuvent bénéficier de la part de leur famille... et, ce faisant, de proposer des hypothèses visant à comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles des femmes ayant subi des violences pendant de longues années demeurent toujours avec leur agresseur. Il semblerait que ces femmes soient aux prises d’une « guerre de basse intensité », celle menée contre les populations civiles faite de désinformation, de contrôle et de répression.
Accélération du changement et temporalité psychique : le glissement de l’autorité institutionnelle vers la (dé)responsabilité individuelle
Authors: Gadeau Ludovic
Published: May 2015

Ce travail s’inscrit dans un champ de recherche qui a pour objet les évolutions de la modernité et, ici, les effets de l’accélération du changement (définissant la postmodernité) sur l’économie psychique et les pratiques éducatives et de soin. On rencontre aujourd’hui fréquemment en clinique infanto-juvénile des parents en difficulté pour soutenir une position éducative consistante face à leur enfant. À la fragilité de la posture éducative semble répondre la multiplication des agirs, qu’ils soient du côté de l’enfant ou de celui des adultes. L’auteur adopte comme angle d’étude la question de la temporalité psychique en tant qu’elle est affectée par l’accélération du changement. Il montre qu’elle contribue à éclairer la fragilité des positions subjectives et développe l’hypothèse que l’évolution contemporaine, en promouvant la responsabilité de l’individu en substitution de l’autorité institutionnelle, conduit paradoxalement à une déresponsabilisation du sujet.
Le Cobot, la coopération entre l’utilisateur et la machine
Authors: Kleinpeter Édouard
Published: May 2015

En 1996, le terme de « cobot », contraction de « robotique collaborative », apparut sous la plume de deux chercheurs américains travaillant pour l’industrie automobile. Il s’applique aujourd’hui à un nouveau champ de la recherche en robotique, la « cobotique », qui s’attache à concevoir des machines asservies ou pseudo-autonomes susceptibles d’être utilisées au sein d’un environnement humain. Le cobot se différencie donc essentiellement du robot par son absence d’autonomie puisque, par définition, il ne peut pas fonctionner sans l’action d’un opérateur. L’approche collaborative, tout en dépassant la simple « utilisation » qui pourrait être faite d’un outil, valorise le travail de l’humain et laisse présager d’une meilleure acceptabilité sociale du cobot, qui n’aurait pas pour vocation de remplacer l’homme, mais de l’épauler.
Le texte authentique du Traité de la vraie dévotion à la Sainte Vierge de saint Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort
Authors: Guitteny Bernard
Published: May 2015

Traité de la vraie dévotion à la Sainte Vierge n’est pas le titre réel de ce livre. Divulgué dès la première édition (1843), il ne lui convient qu’en partie. Les deux sous-titres de l’œuvre sont indiqués par l’auteur dans le manuscrit autographe : la première partie traite de la « préparation au règne de Jésus-Christ » et la seconde est intitulée « la parfaite consécration à Jésus-Christ » qui est l’équivalent de la perfection chrétienne et la réalisation du règne de Jésus-Christ dans les cœurs. Un alinéa de sept lignes du début de l’autographe n’a jamais été publié alors qu’il contient le schéma directeur de la lecture du livre. Son absence dans les éditions a donné lieu à des interprétations suspectes.