bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumers’ decisions to access or avoid added sugars information on the updated Nutrition Facts label
Authors: Kim Elizabeth Jiyoon , Ellison Brenna , McFadden Brandon , Prescott Melissa Pflugh
Published: March 2021

The Nutrition Facts (NF) label was recently updated and now includes the added sugars content in an effort to reduce added sugars consumption. This study investigated whether consumers wanted to access or avoid the added sugars content using an online experiment and five product categories (yogurt, cereal, fruit juice, snack bar, ice cream). We recruited a sample of 490 U.S. adults (49% female; 73% White/Caucasian). Respondents were randomly assigned to an information treatment (simple or full) before making decisions on whether to access or avoid the added sugars content. The simple information treatment explained that added sugars information was now available on the NF label, while the full information treatment included additional details (e.g., how to interpret the added sugars content and associated diseases). After making the access or avoid decisions for each product category, respondents rated their likelihood of purchase for ten products (two per category). Rates of information avoidance were much lower than what has been observed in previous studies, and rates of avoidance did not vary by information treatment. The majority of respondents (75–87% across the five product categories) preferred to access the added sugars content. Still, we found some consumers preferred to avoid this information, with higher rates of avoidance for the ice cream product category. Additionally, we found significant differences in likelihood of purchase ratings between information accessors and avoiders. Respondents who chose to access the added sugars information exhibited healthier purchasing behaviors for all product categories; they were more likely to purchase low added sugars products and less likely to purchase high added sugars products relative to information avoiders. Given consumers’ demonstrated interest in accessing the added sugars content, it is important that the new changes to the NF label be broadly communicated to promote healthy eating behaviors.
Complete replacement of maize grain with sorghum and pearl millet grains in Jumbo quail diets: Feed intake, physiological parameters, and meat quality traits
Authors: Masenya Thabiso Isaac , Mlambo Victor , Mnisi Caven Mguvane
Published: March 2021

In sub-Saharan Africa, the use of maize (Zea mays L.) grain as an energy source in poultry feeds has become unsustainable due to competing demands and suboptimal growing conditions for the maize crop. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) grains are potential sustainable alternatives, given their tolerance to local growing conditions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of total replacement of maize grain with whole or crushed sorghum and pearl millet grains on feed intake, and physiological and meat quality parameters of Jumbo quail. Five experimental diets were formulated by completely replacing crushed maize grain in a commercial grower diet (CON) with whole sorghum (WSG), crushed sorghum (CSG), whole millet (WMG), or crushed millet (CMG). Three hundred and fifty, two-week-old Jumbo quail chicks (74.7 ± 8.81 g live-weight) were evenly distributed into 35 replicate pens to which the experimental diets were allotted. Statistically similar (P > 0.05) weight gain and FCE values were observed between birds reared on the control and pearl millet-based diets. However, birds fed with sorghum-based diets had the lowest FCE and weight gain. Blood parameters fell within the normal ranges reported for healthy quail. Birds fed the whole sorghum grain diet had the least (P < 0.05) serum calcium and higher monocytes, cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) concentrations compared to those reared on the control diet. Compared to the control, the whole sorghum-containing diet reduced (P < 0.05) carcass, breast, wing, thigh, drumstick, liver, gizzard, and large intestine weights of the birds. Complete replacement of maize grain with pearl millet grain (whole or crushed) did not compromise feed intake, growth performance, and meat quality traits of the Jumbo quail birds. However, whole sorghum grain reduced growth performance of the birds.
Dissecting the molecular diversity and commonality of bovine and human treponemes identifies key survival and adhesion mechanisms
Authors: Staton Gareth J. , Clegg Simon R. , Ainsworth Stuart , Armstrong Stuart , Carter Stuart D. , Radford Alan D. , Darby Alistair , Wastling Jonathan , Hall Neil , Evans Nicholas J.
Published: March 2021

Here, we report the first complete genomes of three cultivable treponeme species from bovine digital dermatitis (DD) skin lesions, two comparative human treponemes, considered indistinguishable from bovine DD species, and a bovine gastrointestinal (GI) treponeme isolate. Key genomic differences between bovine and human treponemes implicate microbial mechanisms that enhance knowledge of how DD, a severe disease of ruminants, has emerged into a prolific, worldwide disease. Bovine DD treponemes have additional oxidative stress genes compared to nearest human-isolated relatives, suggesting better oxidative stress tolerance, and potentially explaining how bovine strains can colonize skin surfaces. Comparison of both bovine DD and GI treponemes as well as bovine pathogenic and human non-pathogenic saprophyte Treponema phagedenis strains indicates genes encoding a five-enzyme biosynthetic pathway for production of 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-d-mannuronic acid, a rare di-N-acetylated mannuronic acid sugar, as important for pathogenesis. Bovine T. phagedenis strains further differed from human strains by having unique genetic clusters including components of a type IV secretion system and a phosphate utilisation system including phoU, a gene associated with osmotic stress survival. Proteomic analyses confirmed bovine derived T. phagedenis exhibits expression of PhoU but not the putative secretion system, whilst the novel mannuronic acid pathway was expressed in near entirety across the DD treponemes. Analysis of osmotic stress response in water identified a difference between bovine and human T. phagedenis with bovine strains exhibiting enhanced survival. This novel mechanism could enable a selective advantage, allowing environmental persistence and transmission of bovine T. phagedenis. Finally, we investigated putative outer membrane protein (OMP) ortholog families across the DD treponemes and identified several families as multi-specific adhesins capable of binding extra cellular matrix (ECM) components. One bovine pathogen specific adhesin ortholog family showed considerable serodiagnostic potential with the Treponema medium representative demonstrating considerable disease specificity (91.6%). This work has shed light on treponeme host adaptation and has identified candidate molecules for future diagnostics, vaccination and therapeutic intervention.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AGRIMONIA PILOSA DEPENDING ON THE PHASE OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Shaldayeva Tat'yana Mikhaylovna , Kostikova Vera Andreyevna , Vysochina Galina Ivanovna
Published: March 2021

The composition and content of phenolic compounds in the organs of the above-ground part of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. depending on the phase of plant development were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Fourteen compounds found in water-ethanol extracts from organs of A. pilosa. Flavonols (kaempferol, astragalin, kaempferol-3-O-β-rutinoside, quercetin, hyperoside and rutin), flavones (apigenin, vitexin, luteolin and luteolin-7-glucoside) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, vanillic and ellagic acids) have been identified. Hyperoside, rutin, and ellagic acid were the major constituents in the extracts from the leaves and the reproductive organs of the species. The highest content of rutin were found in the leaves during vegetative growth and in the inflorescences (2.75 and 2.67 mg/g, respectively). The highest content of hyperoside were observed in leaves in the phase of budding and fruiting (2.02 and 2.25 mg/g). The highest content of ellagic acid were revealed in leaves in the fruiting phase and in buds (3.49 and 2.09 mg/g). The highest total phenolic content was found in the leaves during the fruiting (21.1 mg/g). Unidentified flavonols number 12 and 13 (1.62 and 2.76 mg/g, respectively) were the domi-nant components in the leaves in the growing phase. The total content of phenolic compounds in buds (9.52 mg/g) and in inflorescences (9.80 mg/g) was the same. The total content of phenolic compounds in fruits was two times less (4.24 mg/g) than in buds and inflorescences.
STUDY OF THE COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL ACHILLEA NOBILIS L. AND ITS ANTIBACTERIAL INFLU-ENCE ON CHANGE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS CELL ULTRASTRUCTURE
Authors: Karimli El'vin Gadzhi ogly , Kasumov El'dar Kochari ogly , Serkerov Siradzheddin Veli ogly , Kerimov Yusif Balakerim ogly , Rzayev Fuad Guseynali ogly , Muradova Sevda Agarakhim kyzy , Israfilova Sabina Alifaga kyzy
Published: March 2021

The component composition of the Achillea. nobilis essential oil, which grows in Azerbaijan, was studied for the first time by the gas-chromato-mass spectrometry method. In the essential oil, 35 components are identified, of which the predominant are artemisia ketone (23.706%), thujone 22.400%), 2-bornanone (6,367%), eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (6.321%), eucalyptol (4.507%), cubenol (3.317%), lavandulol (2.975%), β-thujone (2.933%), β-eudesmol (2.702%), methyl hinokiate (2.108%), terpinen-4-ol (1.715%), 1,2-longidione (1.313%), limonene-6-ol, pivalate (1.188%), neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate (1.120%), caryophyllene oxide (1.014%).

The effect of A. nobilis essential oil on the ultrastructural organization of bacteria (S. aureus) was studied using transmission electron microscopy. It was revealed that under the influence of essential oil, a violation of the plasma permeability of the plasma membrane is observed, accompanied by diffusion of the fine-grained osmiophilic precipitate of the destroyed cytoplasmic structures, which leads to the loss of the layered structure of the wall elements and to a significant compaction of the matrix in comparison with the control preparations. The death of bacterial cells was observed with complete destruction of the integrity of all structures that make up their wall. Along with this, on ultrathin sections, focal accumulations of dead bacterial cells are found, surrounded by structurally changed elements of their walls. The remains of destructively altered fragments of CP are found on various parts of unseparated bacterial cells. All of the above shows that the essential oil of A. nobilis has a pronounced antibacterial activity.
ABOUT THE REASONS FOR THE CHANGE IN THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PAPER ASHLESS FILTERS DURING THEIR PROCESSING IN A UNIPOLAR CORONA DISCHARGE
Authors: Galeeva Liaisan Rafailovna , Galikhanov Mansur Floridovich , Gilfanova Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: March 2021

The article presents the study results of the structure and properties of paper ashless filters "Blue tape". It is shown that the "Blue tape" filter paper has a fairly high density with a relatively small number and size of voids (pores) between the fibers. When processing filters in the corona discharge field, an increase in their mechanical properties by 3.5–6% is observed, this is mainly due to the strengthening of the interfiber bond forces. The implementation of increased electrostatic bonding forces in the sheet structure leads to an increase in the resistance to the external tensile force necessary to break the paper filter. The observed dependences are associated with the orientation and ordering of the pulp and paper material structural elements, with an increase in the potential of the double electric layer on the fibers surface under the charge action carriers injected into the paper volume from the corona discharge and with the formation of a hetero charge due to the orientation of the polar cellulose groups and macromolecule segments during electreting. This is confirmed by the increase in the ζ – potential of the fibers  of  filters during processing in a negative corona discharge - it was found that the zeta – potential value of electret ashless filters is 18% higher than for the initial ones. The achieved results of increasing the ashless filters physico- mechanical properties will increase the efficiency of their use.
FEATURES OF LARIX SIBIRICA LEDEB WOOD PROCESSING INTO HIGH YIELD FIBROUS SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS
Authors: Kazymov Dmitriy Sergeyevich , Makhotina Lyudmila Gertsevna , Nikandrov Андрей Борисович , Kuznetsov Anton Gennad'yevich , Akim Эдуард Львович
Published: March 2021

About 40 % of the forest area in the Russian Federation is occupied by larch trees growing in the southern regions of Eastern Siberia and the Far East, where existing and reconstructed woodworking enterprises are located. In this regard, the use of larch wood in the production of fibrous semi-finished products is an urgent task for the Russian forest complex. As is known, larch wood contains a large number of extractive substances that have a significant impact on the process of its deep chemical processing. Therefore, it can be assumed that the production of wood (mechanical) pulp from larch wood, in particular chemical-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP), will be very effective, but with its own specific features. In this paper, it is proposed to modify the technology by using enzymes – protein catalysts of various reactions. The purpose of this study is to determine the potential of using larch wood enzymatic treatment in CTMP-technology, to evaluate the effect of enzymes on the physical and mechanical parameters of the fiber and the specific energy consumption during refining. Industrial samples of Larix sibirica Ledeb (Pinaceae) wood chips were used to obtain CTMP. Five commercially available enzymatic agents were used to treat wood chips. CTMP was obtained using laboratory equipment that simulates the industrial stages of production. Enzymatic treatment of larch wood has shown an improvement in the technological parameters of CTMP production, namely, a decrease in the specific energy consumption for refining and an increase in the quality of finished products.
THE CONTENT OF RUTIN, APIGENIN-7-O-GLUCOSIDE AND THE LEVEL OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF ALYSSUM LENENSE ADAMS (BRASSICACEAE BURNETT) GROWING IN DIFFERENT PHYTOCENOTIC CONDI-TIONS OF CENTRAL YAKUTIA
Authors: Voronov Ivan Vasil'yevich , Danilova Nadezhda Sofronovna , Semenovа Varvara Vasil'yevna
Published: March 2021

The features of accumulation of rutin and apigenin-7-O-glucoside and their distribution in the aboveground organs of Alyssum lenense Adams (Brassicaceae Burnett) were revealed. The content of photosynthetic pigments was investigated depending on the phytocenotic conditions of plant growth in the territory of Central Yakutia. The data obtained on the content of flavonoids are characterized by an uneven distribution over organs with respect to different phytocenotic conditions of the growth of cenopopulations. A. lenense was collected during flowering period in 8 cenopopulations and in the collection of the Yakutsk Botanical Garden. The distribution of rutin content over the aboveground organs of A. lenense was directed: flowers → leaves → stem and depended on the altitude of the population growth, shading, and phytocenosis. The distribution pattern of apigenin-7-O-glucoside corresponded to the scheme: flowers / = leaves → stem and depended on phytocenotic growing conditions. It was revealed that rutin in flowers is higher than apigenin-7-O-glucoside under the conditions of introduction and in the Veronica incana-Festuca lenensis-Stipa capillata grass steppe; in the plants of the other studied cenopopulations, the ratio was inverse. The same amount of flavonoids in flowers was observed in A. lenense, growing in Pulsatilla flavescens steppe and Artemisia commutata steppe. In most of the studied cenopopulations, the content of apigenin-7-O-glucoside in leaves and stems was higher than rutin, with the exception of populations growing in a dry pine forest, at the edge of a pine forest, and in leaves - only in plants on an artificial slope at the initial stage overgrowth. Phytocenotic growing conditions affect the amount of pigments in the leaves of A. lenense: the largest amount was recorded in the population growing in a dry pine forest, and the smallest in Artemisia frigida steppe and Artemisia commutata steppe.
Változó idők nyomában – Kísérlet a magyar és román szervezetikultúra-változások összehasonlítására
Authors: Heidrich Balázs
Published: March 2021

A tanulmány célja, hogy megvizsgálja a termelő- és szolgáltatószervezetek kultúrájának sajátosságait döntően észak-magyarországi és erdélyi mintán. Az összehasonlításhoz hat dimenziót használt a szerző. A két minta között jelentős különbségek tapasztalhatók. A magyar mintán sokkal meghatározóbban jelentkezett a szektoriális hovatartozás. Ez a különbség a termelő- és szolgáltatószervezetek között nem jelent meg élesen a román mintában. A szervezeti méret mindkét mintán jelentős kultúrabefolyásoló tényezőnek bizonyult.
Pascal Delwit – Les gauches radicales en Europe. XIXe-XXIe siècles
Authors: Sidi Moussa Nedjib
Published: March 2021

Recensé : Pascal Delwit, Les gauches radicales en Europe. XIXe-XXIe siècles, Bruxelles, Éditions de l’Université de Bruxelles (« UBlire »), 2016, 656 p.
Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Colorectal Cancer WiDr Cell Line
Authors: Wisnuwardhani Popi Hadi , Ningrum Ratih Asmana , Mustopa Apon Zaenal , Vanggi Leggina Rezzy , Kusdianawati Kusdianawati Kusdianawati
Published: March 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer and cancer-related deaths worldwide. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are bacteria that have potential activity as an inhibitor of the growth of colorectal cancer, and also has been widely used and was very useful for consumption. In our previous study, we isolated various LAB from Indonesian traditional fermented food. This study aims to determine the potential of LAB as an anticancer agent by determining the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity assay of colon cancer in the WiDr cell line. This study used extracellular extract of various LAB. We use the Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method to determine the antioxidant activity and 3-(4,5'dimethylihiazol-2-yl),2.5-di-phenyl-relrrzolium bromid (MTT) assay to study cytotoxicity activity. The viability cell staining also applied to detect unviable cells. The results informed that the highest antioxidant activity was shown by S.34 LAB with 81% activity. The S.34 also showed cytotoxicity activity with 73% of WiDr viable cell at a concentration of 200 μg/mL of LAB extract. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the S.34 LAB from Bekasam may inhibit the proliferation of WiDr cell lines and It had the highest antioxidant activity comparing to other LAB samples.Keywords: Lactic Acid Bacteria, colorectal cancer, anticancer, antioxidant, WiDr cells.
Methods of State Support of Innovative Entrepreneurship. The Example of Rural Tourism
Authors: ISKAKOVA Maral Serikovna , ABENOVA Maira Khomarovna , DZHANMULDAEVA Lyazzat Nurgalievna , ZEINULLINA Aigul Zhumagalievna , TOLYSBAEVA Marzhan Sovetbekovna , SALZHANOVA Zaure Abildinovna , ZHANSAGIMOVA Ayagoz
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the article is determined by the need to develop the potential of small business for the purpose of an innovative breakthrough in the economy of Kazakhstan. Countries that have been fully engaged in supporting innovative entrepreneurship have become leaders. The problem is that the development of small innovative business is not facilitated by a complex state system of regulation and support that is inadequate to the needs of entrepreneurs. However, this is not the main problem of the development of innovative entrepreneurship, which is presented in the most detail in the study. The directions of increasing the effectiveness of the influence of state support programs on the development of innovative entrepreneurship, which are largely borrowed from the foreign experience of developed countries, have been substantiated. The authors propose not only some ways of innovative development of entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan, which, according to the authors, will accelerate the implementation of the innovation process in rural tourism and in the country as a whole. But they also proposed some features that will help overcome the mental barrier and national traditions, both in Kazakhstan and in the post-Soviet space, since due to the lack of an effective legal framework, the problem of corruption is threatening a social explosion. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the most affected in a difficult epidemiological situation, such organizations that operate in the field of culture, sports, additional education, tourism, hospitality, etc.
A Cross Sectional Analysis of Tourism Development and Social Development
Authors: AMAN Tauseef , SHAH Mussawar , JAMAL Humera , KHAN Younas , ARIF Muhammad , NOOR Rubina
Published: March 2021

The major objective of this study was to measure the association between various interventions and Chitral Gole National Park (CGNP) role in preservation of bio-diversity and socio-economic uplift. A sample size of 346 respondents was randomly selected from total population of 3326 from the 4 selected villages on the basis of close proximity. A conceptual framework including dependent variable social development and independent variable tourism development were taken. The data were analyzed through frequency and percentage distribution. Moreover, Chi-square test was applied to know the relationship between dependent and independent variables at bi-variate level. In bi-variate analysis a highly significant (P=0.000) relation was found between CGNP is main source of promoting tourism in Chitral,tourists do any impacts upon local community in terms of increased business activities, local culture is safeguarded despite influx of tourists in the area, tourism produced employment opportunities, and social development. Qualitative data supported the empirical findings, however tourism brings economic opportunities at micro and macro level, but unfortunately CGNP is not as satisfactory regarding generating income since its establishment. The government should ensure to make such polices pertaining to the entrance fee, provides accommodation services on payment to the tourists and to reserve the entrance fee or any other form of taxes to ensure CGNP to spend on self-sustaining basis by ensuring refinement in the procedures as well.
The Impact of Literature on Tourism
Authors: TAHIRI Alberta , KOVAÇI Idriz , BUSHI Fari
Published: March 2021

The paper aims to analyze the possibilities of developing literary tourism in Kosovo. To achieve this, secondary data will first be used to present an overview of the phenomenon.The tradition of literary tourism, its main forms will be discussed and a profile of literary tourists will be given.It will also show the importance of literature as part of heritage and the role it plays as part of cultural tourism.The links between literature and tourism will be studied and the ways in which literature can bring benefits to the economy will be analyzed. Special importance will be given to the role of the country in the literature that will be treated from the point of view of spatial theories, especially geocritics.In this way, the paper aims to make a modest contribution first in filling the gap in the literature related to this field, but also in enriching the teaching of literature from a new perspective.The study provides a new treatment of the literature in the light of new spatial theories and their growing influence in the humanities. It also offers literary analysis and ideas to enable the creation and development of the phenomenon in Kosovo. Finally, this study can serve as a material in several fields of literature, culture, tourism.
The Impact of Ecology on the Economic Development of Vinnytsia Region
Authors: SAMBORSKA Oksana
Published: March 2021

The problem of nature protection for the Vinnytsia region, most of the territory of which is experiencing almost uncontrolled intensive economic activity, is very relevant. Natural conditions and resources of Vinnytsia region are diverse and unique, the issue of their rational use is still insufficiently studied. Preservation of modern nature, increase of its riches, is impossible without research of available resources in the territory. Diagnosing minerals, the presence of rare plants, all available resources will help us to better understand the current situation and predict the future state of nature in the region, the possibility of its reconstruction not only by preserving but also creating new environmental facilities. Modern development of human activity is often harmful to the environment due to the growth of urban planning, industrial production, traffic. Therefore, there is pollution of water, air, soil, which negatively affects the health of the population, poses a threat to the environment, exacerbates environmental problems. Environmental pollution by industrial waste has a negative impact on the quality of natural resources, reducing their productivity or making them unusable, which reduces the economic potential of the region and the enterprise. The influence of the ecological factor on the production potential is manifested in the action of environmental pollution on the economic resources of the enterprise, reducing the efficiency of their reproduction and use. Such an impact is observed mainly at the stage of use and during the reproduction and development of production potential. The economic resources of the enterprise are exposed to the polluted environment in the form of industrial waste. As a result, the number of functioning resources decreases, their qualitative characteristics change. Reducing the number of resources and their quality indicators leads to a shortage of resources over time and to a change (decrease) in overall productivity. Thus, the real fund of time of equipment use decreases, labor productivity, equipment capacity, return of material and raw materials decreases (Lukyanikhin 2018).
Labor Productivity as an Indicator of Efficiency Interaction of Higher Education and Tourism Business
Authors: DRAKH Tatyana Pavlovna , SALZHANOVA Zaure Abildinovna , ALPEISSOVA Sholpan Esenbaevna , KOZHAKHMETOVA Maral Kenebaevna , KAZKENOVA Aigul , SABIROVA Rysty , OMARKHANOVA Zhibek Maksutovna
Published: March 2021

The development of the tourism industry is directly related to the training and retraining, professional development of tourist personnel, as it is an update of the theoretical and practical knowledge of staff in accordance with the increasing requirements of the market economy. This article examines the possibilities of increasing labor productivity due to the influence of the tourist business sector on the sphere of higher education. The purpose of this study is to substantiate the interaction of universities and the tourism business sector to increase labor productivity in Kazakhstan as an indicator of the competitiveness of the tourism industry and the higher education sector. The article presents the results of models of multi-factor analysis to study the relationship and influence of some indicators of education and science on the labor productivity of the tourist business sector and academic productivity in Kazakhstan. According to the analysis, the most significant factors are the financing of higher education and the wage fund of universities. The study concludes that the interaction of higher education institutions with the tourism business will increase the financial income of universities that provide services to the tourism business, which, in turn, will improve the ability of universities to increase wage bill to motivate scientists to interact with the tourism business.
School, university and community collaboration to promote equity through inclusive cultural competence
Authors: Ellis-Robinson Tammy , Coles Jessica Wayde
Published: March 2021

In a series of action-research forums university researchers/faculty, school, family, and community stakeholders engaged collaboratively to explore and identify effective practices and ongoing needs related to the development of inclusive cultural competence for pre-service and in-service teachers, and the institutions that develop and employ them. Forum participants discussed plans for future collaborative projects focused on equity and social justice in local schools and community organizations. The collaborative relationships extended beyond the forums to include additional projects focused on equity. Researchers used a qualitative analysis of forum input and researcher field notes, including deductive category application of codes derived from literature and modeling of intersections of theory and forum output to identify problem areas, analyze themes of best practice, and formulate ideas for future action.
On diversity, identity and socialization: Inequality of educational outcomes
Authors: Turner Caroline Sotello Viernes
Published: March 2021

This essay begins with a presentation of the author’s personal and professional background relative to the topics of diversity, identity, socialization, and the inequality of educational outcomes. Turner then presents US census and Chronicle of Higher Education data to provide a national context for the discussion to follow, including but not limited to implications for policy. Findings emerging from narratives collected via interviews as well as from relevant extant literature are then described to portray issues involved in the underrepresentation of Latinx women as students and professors in higher education. How role identity and identifiers used to categorize Latinx women are then presented followed by a discussion of the Latinx designation and privilege. Educational outcomes for Latinx women are then presented, demonstrating racial/ethnic/gender imbalance. Recommendations on how this underrepresentation of Latinx women, as well as other marginalized groups, in K-12 and postsecondary education can be addressed are then presented.
Perubahan Osmolaritas Pasien Hiperglikemia dengan Terapi Rehidrasi
Authors: Lutfi Erik Irham
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Uncontrolled DM hyperglycaemia will cause an increase in osmolarity which will disrupt the body's fluid and electrolyte balance. Rehydration therapy will replace the composition of body fluids caused by hyperosmolarity. Observation of management of hyperglycaemia only focuses on looking at blood sugar levels after rehydration therapy is given without looking at the body's osmolarity as an indicator of body fluid balance. This study aims to analyse changes in osmolarity in hyperglycaemic patients receiving rehydration therapy.Methods: This study was a comparative study with a prospective cohort approach. The number of samples in this study were 56 respondents with data collection using the consecutive sampling technique. Study sample of hyperglycaemic DM patients receiving rehydration therapy at the emergency room at a hospital in Tulungagung. The research instrument used an observation sheet. Data analysis used paired t-test.Results: Based on bivariate analysis there are changes due to rehydration therapy in the osmolarity variable with p value 0.000.Conclusion: Changes in osmolarity occur due to a decrease in blood glucose levels after fluid rehydration is carried out. This further proves that rehydration therapy is very effective in reducing blood glucose levels (hyperosmolarity) in the blood. Continuous osmolarity and hemodynamic examination are very necessary for hyperglycaemic patients with rehydration therapy to determine the effects of rehydration therapy as well as to determine the side effects of rehydration therapy so prevention can be done so that it does not become a problem causing emergency emergency situations.
Gambaran Intervensi Perawat dalam Asuhan Keperawatan Pasien Tuberkulosis Paru di Rumah Sakit
Authors: Rofi'i Muhammad , Warsito Bambang Edi , Santoso Agus , Ulliya Sarah
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The nurses’ role within nursing care of tuberculosis patients in hospitals is  very important. Nurses problem are preparing nursing interventions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis rarely use the standard Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). Independent nursing interventions are not in accordance with the diagnoses established by nurses, so the impact on the implementation needed by patients is not in accordance with the problems occured. Collaborative intervention is mostly carried out by nurses compared to independent intervention. Nurses must arrange nursing interventions based on the standard of nursing diagnoses that are enforced. The objective study was to describe the interventions compiled by nurses at the hospital.Methods: Research design was qualitative research with observational approach. Sample was 100 nurse’s documentastions  of  pulmonary tuberculosis patient  in TB MDR ward. Data analysis used language and text analysis with content analysis. Results: The results research was the highest 10 interventions written by nurses is intervention about observe general condition of patient was 83 times, collaboration with  doctor’s therapy was 54 times, give comfort position was 54 times, give therapy was 47 times, check vital signs regulerly was 40 times, give oxigen was 34 times, advise to bedrest was 30 times, teach  to effective cough was 25 times, Give position semi fowler was 15% times, and teach to deep breath was 15 times. Conclusion: Nurses must improve their skills and knowledge in preparing treatment plans, because the interventions that have been prepared have not been optimal for dealing with patient problems in hospitals. Interventions to improve patient knowledge and abilities in the management of the disease are important to give to patients.
Gambaran Penyesuaian diri Lansia dalam Konteks Model Adaptasi Roy di Loka Rehabilitasi Sosial Lanjut Usia Kendari
Authors: Pebrianti M Anggi Nurza’da , Indriastuti Diah , Mien Mien
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Changes in the elderly need social support from friends, family and the surrounding environment so that they can easily adjust to the changes that occur. This study aimed to describe the self-adjustment of the elderly in the context of Roy's Adaptation Model at the Elderly Social Rehabilitation (ESR) of Kendari.Methods:  The study was a qualitative research with a phenomenology approach. The participants in this study were eight elderly who lived in Kendari's ESR and two nurses as triangualition participants. Sampling used a purposive sampling technique. The researchers employing in-depth interview, observation, dan documentation study in collecting data. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The study resulted in four themes including entry process to ESR, self-change, coping mechanisms and response indicate that the elderly self-adjusment social rehabilitationsite in the context of Roy’s Adaptation Model describing the human adaptation system through several stages, namely input, control and output where in the life of the elderly who live in ESR is influenced by the entry process in LRSLU as an internal stimulus or an external stimulus. Thus, there is a process of self-adjustment in the form of self-change and coping mechanisms, with various kinds of coping carried out to produce a behavior in the form of adaptive or maladaptive responses.Conclusion: This study concludes that the elderly in adjusting themselves through several stages namely input, control and output to adapt to the environment goodbye in the elderly social rehabilitation workshop (ESR) Kendari with self-changes and various coping mechanisms so as to produce behavioral responses.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Resiliensi Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Pria: Studi Literatur
Authors: Koroh Yunita Anggerina , Andriany Megah
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Resilience has an important role for psychological balance of male inmates as a population which is more vulnerable to a decline in mental health. This is a descriptive qualitative study with a literature review research design. Methods: This study was a literature review by examining ten literatures that had passed the screening process according to the specified inclusion criteria. Results: The results of this study found that there are two factors which affecting the resilience of male inmates, namely protective factor and risk factor. The protective factors are internal factors: social competence and good self-acceptance; and external factor named social support. The risk factors are internal factor in the form of psychological character: impulsivity and external factor from the family namely history of childhood trauma. The resilience of male inmates is affected by two factors consisting of protective factors and risk factors. The protective factors contribute to the high resilience level and the risk factors contributes to the low resilience level of male inmates).
Upaya Pemerintah Indonesia dalam Meningkatkan Pariwisata Mandalika Melalui Kerangka Branding ‘Wonderful Indonesia’
Authors: Satrio Muhammad Arief
Published: March 2021

This paper describes the Indonesian government’s efforts in developing Mandalika through the framework of the nation brand ‘Wonderful Indonesia’. This effort is a form of government commitment to make Indonesia the world’s maritime axis. If derived from the tourism sector, it can be interpreted as making the maritime tourism industry a top priority. This is manifested by the launch of 10 Priority Destinations where 8 of the 10 destinations are the maritime tourism industry, one of which is Mandalika which is located in West Nusa Tenggara. The government has made efforts to develop the 3A sector, namely accessibility, amenities and attractions. The development is managed by PT ITDC, a state-owned company engaged in the tourism sector and collaborates with foreign investors. In addition to the development of 3A, efforts were made to promote abroad as a form of public diplomacy and a form of efforts to promote the Mandalika Area in the corridor of the ‘Wonderful Indonesia’ branding.
The Practices of Indonesia’s Cultural Diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the Tourism Promotion Programs (2015-2018)
Authors: Putri Annisa Dwida Sunggowo , Raharyo Anggara , Hikam Muhammad AS
Published: March 2021

This article investigates Indonesia’s cultural diplomacy in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018. Cultural diplomacy is aimed to raise awareness about the wealth of Indonesian culture relating to tourism that can be utilized in obtaining the desired outcomes. This article employs the concept of ‘sof power’ and qualitative approach with the technique of data collection by analysing the official documents from the Indonesian Ministry of Tourism, as well as the technique of secondary data collection that analyzes several literatures including books, reports, journals, and related articles. This article argues that Indonesia’s efforts in conducting cultural diplomacy practices in Saudi Arabia through the tourism promotion programs from 2015 to 2018 is involving the cultural elements to the programs that were Islamic-nuanced and recognized as the world’s intangible cultural heritage by the UNESCO.
Reading Rasūlid Maps: An Early 14th-Century Geographical Resource
Authors: Varisco Daniel Martin
Published: March 2021

While there is a tradition of Islamic world maps and geographic depictions of direction to the Kaʿba in Mecca, relatively few detailed maps of individual Islamic realms have been studied. In an early 14th-century tax ledger compiled for the Rasūlid sultan al-Malik al-Muʾayyad Dāwūd (d. 721/1321), there is a map of the fortresses (ḥuṣūn), major towns, and ports of the areas controlled and taxed, as well as individual maps of Aden, Taʿizz, al-Janad, Dhamār, al-Shiḥr, and several wadis. Given the context of the text, Irtifāʿ al-dawla al-Muʾayyadiyya, as a tax register, some of the maps probably serve a functional purpose. But how should such maps be read against the lists of important locations in other Rasūlid sources and earlier compilations, such as Yāqūt’s Muʿjam al-buldān compiled a century earlier or al-Hamdānī’s 10th-century Ṣifat jazīrat al-ʿArab? In this article I analyze the range of locations, how they are iconically represented, the accuracy of their relative locations, and their links to other Rasūlid lists. In what ways do these maps better illustrate how the Rasūlids viewed their own realm, which in the early 14th century was a rival of the Egyptian Mamluks and a major player in the Red Sea/Indian Ocean trade network? Finally, how does this unique set of maps fit other Islamic maps in the tradition that stems back several centuries before?
Defects in early secretory pathway transport machinery components and neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Tang Bor Luen
Published: March 2021

The early secretory pathway, provisionally comprising of vesicular traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus, occurs constitutively in mammalian cells. Critical for a constant supply of secretory and plasma membrane (PM) materials, the pathway is presumably essential for general cellular function and survival. Neurons exhibit a high intensity in membrane dynamics and protein/lipid trafficking, with differential and polarized trafficking towards the somatodendritic and axonal PM domains. Mutations in genes encoding early secretory pathway membrane trafficking machinery components are known to result in neurodevelopmental or neurological disorders with disease manifestation in early life. Here, such rare disorders associated with autosomal recessive mutations in coat proteins, membrane tethering complexes and membrane fusion machineries responsible for trafficking in the early secretory pathway are summarily discussed. These mutations affected genes encoding subunits of coat protein complex I and II, subunits of transport protein particle (TRAPP) complexes, members of the YIP1 domain family (YIPF) and a SNAP receptor (SNARE) family member. Why the ubiquitously present and constitutively acting early secretory pathway machinery components could specifically affect neurodevelopment is addressed, with the plausible underlying disease etiologies and neuropathological mechanisms resulting from these mutations explored.
Solid state self-assembly and morphology of a rigid non-coded γ-amino acid inserted tripeptide
Authors: Dutta Arpita , Das Suven , Das Purak , Maity Suvendu , Ghosh Prasanta
Published: March 2021

A tripeptide Boc-L-Pro-m-ABA-Aib-OMe was synthesized where meta-aminobenzoic acid (m-ABA), a rigid non-coded γ-amino acid is placed as middle residue. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study indicates that the peptide self-assembles into helical motif through intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction N–H···O, C–H···O, π···π interaction and van der Waals interaction. HR-TEM image reveals the formation of fibril in the solid state.
Coloring and distortion variants of thebccpacking and for the aristotypes BaAl4and CeMg2Si2
Authors: Seidel Stefan , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: March 2021

The huge number of intermetallic structure types with many representatives calls for structural systemization. The combination of crystal chemistry with group theory is an efficient tool for such systemization and can be displayed in a concise and compact way via group-subgroup schemes. The present overview deals with such group-subgroup schemes (Bärnighausen trees) for coloring and distortion variants of thebccpacking as well as superstructures that derive from the aristotypes BaAl4and CeMg2Si2.
On Relevant Knowledge and Valorization in Religious and Worldview Education
Authors: Miedema Siebren
Published: March 2021

Internationalization of academic research and international knowledge transfer can contribute to making religious and worldview educational practices relevant. Thus, international endearvors of academic research are also to be valued as well as national endeavors. However, neo-liberal perverse stimuli have had the upper hand in academic research policies since the 1980s. Thus research policy criteria and aims of academic research need to change in order to result in relevancy and valorization for pedagogical practices. Following a pragmatistic train of thought in philosophy of science can offer the possibility for a democratic approach which is truly oriented on the world’s problems in which academic researchers, pedagogical practitioners, politicians and lay-persons can join forces.
How integrated is the German academic discourse of RE? A case study on the justification of Religious Education at state schools since 2000 using Thematic Analysis and Network Analysis
Authors: Riegel Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Justifying religious education as a core subject at state schools is a basic objective of the contemporary German academic discourse on religious education. This article analyzes whether there is a denominational bias in this discourse, in terms of both such justification’s arguments and its references. The argument’s content is investigated via Thematic Analysis, while the referencing is explored through Social Network Analysis. It was found that while the arguments used by the scientific community do not vary according to the authors’ denominational background, the scholars tend to cite from within their own denominational discourse. These findings will be discussed.
Effects of Strength and Conditioning on Maximal Isometric Strength, Motor Unit Behavior, and Concentric Isokinetic Peak Torque in Middle-School Boys'
Authors: MacLennan Rob J. , Mota Jacob A. , Thompson Brennan J. , Stock Matt S.
Published: March 2021

MacLennan, RJ, Mota, JA, Thompson, BJ, and Stock, MS. Effects of strength and conditioning on maximal isometric strength, motor unit behavior, and concentric isokinetic peak torque in middle-school boys. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1318–1326, 2022—It has long been theorized that improvements in muscle strength in young athletes are mediated by motor unit adaptations. The ability to decompose surface electromyographic signals obtained during isometric contractions now allow for such research questions to be answered. We examined changes in isometric and concentric isokinetic strength, as well as vastus lateralis motor unit behavior, after 16 weeks of strength training and conditioning in middle-school aged boys. Nine boys (mean ± SD age = 12 ± 1 years) participated in training. Five boys (age = 13 ± 1 years) served as control subjects. The training subjects performed 90 minutes of high-intensity, multi-joint exercise twice per week. Assessments of unilateral maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) force of the knee extensors, concentric peak torque at velocities of 60, 180, and 300°·s−1, and vastus lateralis motor unit data during 50 and 80% MVIC tests were performed. Strength training and conditioning did not improve MVIC force. Greater training-induced strength increases were observed at faster isokinetic velocities, with a large effect size at 300°·s−1 (d = 0.813). The slopes and y-intercepts of the mean firing rate vs. recruitment threshold relationship and the action potential amplitude vs. recruitment threshold relationship were unaffected by training. Sixteen weeks of middle-school strength and conditioning did not enhance maximal isometric strength or vastus lateralis motor unit control, but improvements were observed during rapid isokinetic muscle actions. Given the lack of training (multi-joint) vs. testing (single-joint) specificity, we propose that motor unit adaptations in youth are task specific.