bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Model for Defining the Boundaries of Complex Sentences and Clauses in English Translation Based on the Huffman Tree and Objective Function
Authors: Wang Li-Li
Published: December 2024

To address the issues of high redundancy in sentence features and poor semantic similarity analysis in English translation, a boundary definition model for complex sentence clauses in English translation based on the Huffman tree and objective function is proposed. This model analyzes the boundary structure of complex sentences and clauses in English translation, determines the mathematical expected value of the probability distribution of boundary features, introduces the maximum entropy model to assess the key degree of different features, and utilizes conditional random fields to mine hidden features. Additionally, by employing a hierarchical clustering algorithm to analyze the distance between boundary features of complex sentences and clauses in English translation, similar images are merged based on the minimum distance between data points. Feature redundancy scores are obtained through an attention mechanism, and the weight of boundary features of complex sentences and clauses in English translation is calculated. By using the edit distance in semantic similarity to determine the boundary distance of clauses, and then using cosine similarity to calculate the similarity between the boundary features of complex clauses in English translation, a Huffman tree and objective function are introduced to construct a model for defining the boundary of complex clauses in English translation. Input the boundary feature values of complex sentences and clauses in English translation to complete the final definition. The experimental results show that the proposed method performs well in the task of defining the boundaries of complex sentences and clauses in English translation, with semantic similarity analysis results remaining above 95% and reaching up to 99%, significantly better than the comparative methods. Meanwhile, the recall curve obtained by the proposed method is closest to the ideal curve and has a small fluctuation range, stable between 90% and 98%, further verifying its accuracy and robustness in boundary delineation. In addition, when the sample data size is 1000, the confidence level of the proposed method is as high as 99.6%, which is higher than the 95.6% and 95.1% of the comparison methods. As the sample size increased to 2500, the confidence level of the proposed method remained at a high level of 99.4%, while the confidence level of the comparative method decreased to 94.2% and 94.1%, respectively. These data results fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing redundant interference and improving confidence. In summary, the proposed method has improved the performance of defining the boundaries of complex sentences and clauses in English translation.
Application Analysis of Big Data-Driven Algorithm Music Creation Generation System
Authors: Kou Yawen
Published: December 2024

In the field of music, music generation systems based on big data-driven algorithms have become an important research direction. This paper aims to explore the application of big data-driven algorithmic music generation systems in music creation and music education. Through the statistical analysis of the user’s operation record of the music, and the prediction of the artist’s music listening volume in the next stage, it can be judged that the artist’s music listening volume is the highest in a period of time, these artists, as music ambassadors of their respective eras, not only represent a sound, but are also leaders and promoters of music trends. In order to more accurately grasp and predict the dynamics of the music market, especially the popularity of specific artists, this paper proposes an innovative data analysis method that combines quadratic exponential smoothing, autoregressive moving average (ARIMA) model, and BP (backpropagation) neural network model. Quadratic exponential smoothing is a time series prediction technique that predicts future trends by smoothing historical data. This method is particularly effective in handling data with obvious trend and seasonal characteristics, and is also applicable for predicting the number of artist auditions in the music industry. It can help us capture long-term trends in the popularity of artists and provide a basis for prediction. This paper discusses the application prospect of a music generation system driven by big data algorithms in music creation and music education.
A Method for Detecting Edge Continuity in Art and Design Images Based on Visual Attention Mechanism
Authors: Su Jiabing
Published: December 2024

To address the issues of low accuracy and significant noise impact in edge continuity detection of art and design images, this paper proposes a visual attention-based edge continuity detection method for art and design images. Determine the edge position points of art and design images using the Laplace operator, and obtain the horizontal and vertical gradients of the image edges by calculating the first-order difference method to determine the amplitude of the image edge gradient; By using the maximum and minimum operations in binary morphology instead of intersection and union operations, the image grayscale is determined, and the HSI color space features are determined to complete the edge feature extraction of art and design images. Using the SUSAN operator to clarify the kernel similarity zone of the edges of art and design images, removing similar edge image pixels, using spatial domain denoising and frequency domain denoising to reduce the edge noise of art and design images, and achieving edge preprocessing of art and design images. Introducing visual attention mechanism to transform the pixel space of edge features in art and design images, performing threshold segmentation on the edges of art and design images, and continuously annotating the segmented edge pixels. Introducing loss function to improve the convergence speed of detection, constructing an art and design image edge continuity detection model based on visual attention mechanism, outputting detection results, and implementing research. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better continuity due to the successful avoidance of noise interference by introducing visual attention mechanisms and other operations. As the number of detected pixels increases, the detection deviation rate of the proposed method remains between 0.02% and 0.03%. The proposed method has a lower detection bias rate and can effectively improve the performance of edge continuity detection in art and design images.
Balance Strategy Prediction Model Based on Power Load Data Mining
Authors: Jiang Yan , Duan Ruiqin , Liang Junkai , Chen Kai , Wu Yang , Wang Youxiang , Zhou Binbin , Zhao Zhenyu
Published: December 2024

To meet the purpose of a multi-objective solution, a scheme is introduced into the optimal strategy-intensive training process. It supports a multi-task-driven computing model and has good reasoning accuracy, which makes the hydropower management system have efficient collaborative strategy prediction ability. Aiming at the trade-off problem between the cost-benefit and energy load of the hydropower control system, based on the neural network model to improve the stacked sparse denoising auto encoder second-order cone programming (SSDAE-SOCP) algorithm, a low-level backtracking depth uncertainty optimization scheduling model is proposed to obtain the optimal scheduling strategy. It intends to improve the poor accuracy of the global optimal results caused by the lack of priority sampling in the traditional strategy. The feature space without boundary conditions is set to solve the optimal solution for global/local organizations. Further, the flexibility is transferred according to the single-core function of task decomposition for improving the calculation accuracy of the whole solution data and the dynamic double-mutation balance. Simulation results have shown that the proposed algorithm enhances the training quality and performance by 9.5% and 15.2% compared with the traditional MOPSO and MOIMPA algorithms. Gradient descent and convergence speed, as well as the stability and security of intensive training, are better than the comparison methods. The training features verify the stability of the balanced prediction model, showing its importance in enhancing the anti-noise ability of the matrix. The research results can further enhance the multiple dispatching and command capabilities of the hydropower projects, providing technical support for the sustainable development of maximizing the benefits for the systems.
Stochastic Learning Strategy with Varying Regularization Activation Layer-Based Diabetes Prediction Using Multilayer Perceptron
Authors: Shanmugapriya S. , Sivakumari S.
Published: December 2024

Diabetes makes people more susceptible to disorders like heart disease, kidney disease, Parkinson’s, cataracts, respiratory issues, and other illnesses. Numerous tests are employed to capture essential data for diagnosing diabetes, and the assessment is then used to decide the most appropriate course of action. Nevertheless, it is still challenging to identify the precise traits essential for the emergence of diabetes. Finding the critical factors that influence the target diabetes condition is the primary goal of this research. The Stochastic Learning Strategy with Varying Regularization Logistic Activation Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model has been implemented with the Indian Diabetes patient dataset extracted from the UCI database repository. Data preprocessing was accomplished for the patients of the Indian diabetes dataset. This research tries to extract the correlation and distribution of all features from the Indian Diabetes Patient dataset. All classifiers demonstrate an accuracy of less than 80% when applied to the Indian Diabetes patient dataset with and without feature scaling, except the Random Forest classifier, which is found to have an accuracy of 78%, which is not the best. The Indian Diabetes patient dataset is fitted with MLP with various learning rates such as Constant learning, Constant momentum and Constant Nesterov momentum learning rate, Invasive Scaling, Invasive Scaling momentum and Invasive Scaling Nesterov momentum learning rate, Adaptive learning, Adaptive momentum and Adaptive Nesterov momentum learning rate for various activation layers like ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit), Identity, tanh and logistic activation layer and the performance is analyzed. The MLP with a logistic activation layer under the Adaptive momentum Learning rate strategy is examined with varying regularization parameter alpha to strengthen the prediction accuracy. The proposed Stochastic Learning Strategy with Varying Regularization Logistic Activation MLP model was further analyzed with the performance metrics precision, recall, FScore, runtime and accuracy and the experimental results exhibit 97% accuracy for MLP with logistic activation layer under Adaptive momentum Learning rate toward predicting the diabetes disease.
Bearing Fault Prediction Based on Mixed Domain Features and GWO‐SVM
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Xia Ruiyang , Zhang Zhaodong , Duan Sasa , Cheng Mao , Zhou Chengjiang , Mao Min
Published: December 2024

The rotating machinery is composed of rolling bearing connection, so the fault identification of rolling bearing is a very critical task. We propose a bearing fault identification algorithm based on grey wolf optimizer (GWO) to address the common problems of high signal noise, inability of a single indicator to accurately reflect the true state of bearings, and optimization of support vector machine (SVM) prediction model parameters in bearing fault identification. First, the wavelet soft threshold is used to remove the noise of the original signal and then the empirical Fourier decomposition (EFD) is used in the decomposition and reconstruct signals. Second, in the aspect of feature extraction, the time and frequency domain features of the bearing data are selected to form the mixed domain features of the bearing signal. Finally, aiming at improving the bearing fault prediction accuracy, the GWO algorithm is used to optimize the parameters. Achievements: the signal‐to‐noise ratio can be effectively improved to 77.8 by using the wavelet denoising, and the parameter modeling optimized by the GWO algorithm can significantly improve the prediction accuracy, with an increase of about 3%–5%. It provides theoretical support for the optimization of bearing fault identification with this technology in the industrial field.
Avenida d. Pedro I: memória nacional e tensões na construção da São Paulo moderna
Authors: Rodrigues Marly
Published: December 2024

This text deals with the construction of the urban landscape in Colina do Ipiranga, São Paulo city, birthplace of the Brazilian nation; dealing in a particular way with one of its elements, avenida d. Pedro I, examining the disputes and the definition of its layout. The construction of the memorial complex for the independence of Brazil began in 1885, with the monumental building, and was completed with the works carried out in commemoration of the Centenary of Independence: the garden, the sculptural monument, and the avenue.
Brachial‐Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity as a Predictor of Diabetes Development: Elevated Risk Within Normal Range Values in a Low‐Risk Population
Authors: Kang Jeonggyu , Jeon Ki‐Hyun , Choi Kang‐Un , Choi Hyo‐In , Sung Ki‐Chul
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent studies have suggested that increased brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a risk factor for diabetes. Exploring its relationship with insulin resistance is of interest, necessitating further studies across different sexes and age groups.

Methods and Results

This cohort study involved 119 170 Korean adults with an average age of 39.8 years, none of whom had diabetes at baseline. As part of a health screening, baPWV measurements were taken. Over a median follow‐up period of 5.6 years, fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin levels, and questionnaire responses were collected. The risk of developing diabetes was evaluated using a flexible parametric proportional hazards model with data stratified by sex and age group (<40 versus ≥40 years). During the follow‐up period, diabetes was diagnosed in 5966 participants (5.0%). A fully adjusted model found that the hazard ratios for diabetes onset associated with baPWV quartiles Q2 (1171.0–1270.5 cm/s), Q3 (1271.0–1376.0 cm/s), and Q4 (≥1376.5 cm/s) compared with Q1 (<1171.0 cm/s) were 1.06 (95% CI, 0.96–1.17), 1.25 (1.14–1.38), and 1.48 (1.34–1.62), respectively (
P
for trend <0.001). A significant sex‐based interaction was noted in this association, with women showing a higher risk of diabetes development. Furthermore, higher baPWV quartiles were associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, defined as the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of arterial stiffness, as measured by elevated baPWV, in the development of diabetes and insulin resistance. Notably, this study highlighted a strong association, particularly among women.
The Equal Interests of Injured and Non-Injured States for Communitarian Norms
Authors: Edwards Julian
Published: December 2024

The International Court of Justice has remained reluctant to define the boundaries of obligations erga omnes and erga omnes partes – referred to conjointly by James Crawford as “communitarian norms”. However, with novel proceedings in South Africa v. Israel and Nicaragua v. Germany brought this year, the Court’s clarity has never been more important. The idiosyncratic feature of communitarian norms is that a State need not be an “injured State” to invoke the breaching State’s responsibility. Yet it is often the case that there is an “injured State” that suffers a direct or special injury for breaches of communitarian norms, in addition to other members of the international community, which also have an interest in ensuring compliance with the obligation in question. In The Gambia v. Myanmar, Judge ad hoc Kreß raised whether the “injured State” would be entitled to dispose of this wider common interest; however, such an entitlement would have profound legal and practical ramifications. It would not only threaten the legal interests held by the collective of States to ensure accountability, but also may force victims to suffer at the hands of recalcitrance, without any remedy. This article advances the contention that all States which are the beneficiaries of the communitarian norm – irrespective of whether or not they are “injured” – have and retain an equal legal interest to invoke responsibility and ensure accountability.
A New Fish in the Sea? The Collocation of the New NATO Mission Appeals Tribunal among International Administrative Tribunals
Authors: Bonito Federico
Published: December 2024

The Mission Appeals Tribunal, established in 2022, is a new international administrative tribunal designed to provide judicial relief for NATO-led mission personnel challenging administrative decisions affecting their service conditions. However, the peculiarities of its founding instrument and the military context in which it operates raise questions about its precise classification as an international administrative tribunal. This article will shed light on the reasons for establishing this Tribunal, its constitutive process, and the most relevant rules governing its procedure in order to determine how it compares to its counterparts already established in other international organizations. It concludes that, despite this sui generis context, the MAT is a full-fledged international administrative tribunal capable of fostering a level of protection no less intense than that provided by other fora operating in different organizations.
Thailand
Authors: Jayangakula Kitti
Published: December 2024

Korea has made significant contributions to international law in various areas, in particular, human rights law. Recently, Korea has evolved significantly over the years, reflecting its growing influence and active engagement on the global stage. Its judiciary has made notable contributions to international law, particularly through landmark rulings on sensitive historical issues in the cases of ‘comfort women’ against Japan. The involvement of South Korea’s judiciary in these cases underscore the judiciary’s role in addressing historical injustices and the effectiveness of this judicial stance navigated the complex interplay between national justice and international diplomacy.
Dietary inclusion of black soldier fly, cricket and superworm in rainbow trout aquaculture: impacts on growth and nutrient profiles
Authors: Drosdowech S. , Chiasson M. , Ma D.W.L. , Huyben D. , Rooney N.
Published: December 2024

Inclusion of fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds is unsustainable, prompting the need for alternative protein and lipid sources. This study evaluates the impact of diets incorporating defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens), adult cricket (Gryllodes sigillatus) and superworm (Zophobas morio) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, nutrient retention efficiency, fatty acid and amino acid profiles of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile trout (100.5 ± 0.6 g; mean ± SD) were fed one of four diets: a control diet with 20% fishmeal, and three experimental diets containing a total of 15% defatted black soldier fly meal, full-fat adult cricket meal, or full-fat superworm meal, with partial replacement of fishmeal and fish oil. Growth performance and body indices were unaffected by dietary treatments. Whole carcass content and retention efficiency of protein were higher in fish fed the control and superworm diets compared to those on cricket and black soldier fly diets. Despite reduced retention efficiency of leucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and serine, carcass amino acid contents were not affected by dietary treatment. Fatty acid retention efficiency was greater in fish on the black soldier fly diet, though overall lipid content was consistent across diets. Notably, lauric acid and myristic acid levels were elevated in the black soldier fly group, while linoleic acid was higher in fish fed the superworm and cricket diets. Phosphorus retention improved significantly with the black soldier fly treatment, yet nitrogen retention was reduced. These findings suggest that insect meals can partially replace fishmeal and fish oil in trout diets without compromising growth or fatty acid composition.
Microlicia roseopetala (Melastomataceae: Lavoisiereae), a new species from the campo rupestre of Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: PACIFICO RICARDO , ALMEDA FRANK
Published: December 2024

A new species of Microlicia is described from the Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens, Bahia, Brazil. Microlicia roseopetala appears to be related to M. leucopetala, but differs by having smaller flowers with shorter hypanthia (1.8–2.6 mm long), shorter calyx lobes (2.0–2.7 mm long) that are oblong to triangular, shorter magenta petals (4.6–6.6 mm long), and isomorphic stamens. Photos of living specimens, a diagnostic illustration, a distribution map, and notes on the taxonomy and conservation of M. roseopetala are provided.
Taxonomic review of the genus Johnius (Perciformes: Sciaenidae) from East Malaysian waters, with comments on newly recorded Johnius species
Authors: HANAFI NORHAFIZ , CHEN MENG-HSIEN , CHANG CHIH-WEI , CHAO NING LABBISH , SEAH YING GIAT
Published: December 2024

In terms of sheer abundance, taxonomic diversity, and species richness, Malaysia has one of the most diverse Sciaenidae in the Indo-West Pacific. Up to ten valid species of the sciaenid fish genus Johnius (e.g., J. amblycephalus (Bleeker, 1855), J. belangerii (Cuvier, 1830), J. borneensis (Bleeker, 1850), J. carouna (Cuvier, 1830), J. coitor (Hamilton, 1822), J. heterolepis Bleeker, 1873, J. macrorhynus (Lal Mohan, 1976), J. plagiostoma (Bleeker, 1849), J. sasakii Hanafi et al., 2022 and J. weberi Hardenberg, 1936), and with additional newly recorded species as J. trewavasae Sasaki, 1992, have been recorded to occur in East Malaysia (Borneo Island) coastal waters. The newly recorded species is a close congener to J. heterolepis Sasaki, 1992 and can be well distinguished by several characters and molecular evidence. The goal of this study is to review the taxonomic status of Johnius species in East Malaysia, Borneo Island, by using a literature review, morphological inference and molecular characters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) successfully discriminates based on second anal spine length and gill raker length within sampled specimens. A phylogenetic tree based on cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) showed intraspecific levels of genetic differentiation within Johnius of East Malaysia, which forms a monophyletic group. Moreover, the new record of Johnius trewavasae in East Malaysia represented that the distribution of the subtropical genus Johnius extended to the southernmost part of the tropical region.
First record of the blue-and-yellow grouper Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède 1802) (Perciformes: Epinephelidae) from the Borneo waters, Malaysia
Authors: LOH KAR-HOE , POONG SZE-WAN , DU JIANGUO , ONG JOYCE JIA LIN , ZHENG XINQING , LI YUAN , HU WENJIA
Published: December 2024

Groupers of the family Epinephelidae constitute a diverse and commercially valuable group of reef fishes globally. They comprise an assemblage of carnivorous marine fishes, comprising more than 177 species across 16 genera. The epinephelid genus Epinephelus, which consists of over 90 species, is found worldwide in the tropics and subtropics. To date, the ichthyofauna of Malaysia has documented a total of 43 epinephelid species. Apart from these, Epinephelus flavocaeruleus (Lacepède, 1802), commonly known as the blue-and-yellow grouper, is rarely reported in the Indo-Pacific Ocean. The present study extends the documented distribution range of E. flavocaeruleus eastwards from the Andaman Sea to the Borneo waters of Sabah, Malaysia. Five specimens of the blue-and-yellow grouper were collected from a local fish market. Species identification was confirmed by the color patterns and DNA barcoding of 630 base pairs of the cytochrome C oxidase I gene for all E. flavocaeruleus specimens, Epinephelus cyanopodus (Richardson, 1846), and 10 closely related Epinephelus species. The interspecies genetic distance ranged from 0.002–0.168. Results from the Templeton, Crandall, and Sing (TCS) haplotype network analysis and maximum likelihood phylogeny based on the COI marker indicate a close genetic relationship between E. flavocaeruleus and E. cyanopodus. However, we refrain from proposing any taxonomic revisions given that more in-depth studies using multiple molecular markers or phylogenomic analysis on a larger sample size are necessary to confirm the taxonomic status of both species. This study significantly contributes to a better understanding of the taxonomy, phylogenetic relationship, and genetic diversity of E. flavocaeruleus.
Two new species of Paratanakia (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from Taiwan and mainland China
Authors: CHEN I-SHIUNG , SHY JHY-YUN
Published: December 2024

Two new species of bitterling of Paratanakia were found and collected from Taiwan island and Fujian Province, mainland China recently. Paratanakia fuvlidorsalis n. sp. which is endemic in Taiwan island can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following unique combination of features: (1) fin ray counts: dorsal fin rays 3, 8; anal fin rays 3, 10; pectoral fin rays modally 1, 12; (2) squamtion: lateral-line scales modally 34; and (3) its own specific dorsal fin color pattern in male. Paratanakia julongjiangensis n. sp. which is endemic in Fujian Province, mainland China can be well distinguished from other congeners by the following unique combination of features: (1) fin ray counts: dorsal fin rays 3, 9; anal fin rays 3, 11; pectoral fin rays modally 1, 12; (2) lateral-line scales modally 34; and (3) its own specific dorsal fin color pattern in male. The brief morphological comparison with close related species would be also addressed.
Pararasbora moltrechti Regan, 1908, a senior synonym of Aphyocypris amnis Liao et al., 2011 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Taiwan with morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: YEH MING-FON , JANG-LIAW NIAN-HONG , CHANG SHIH-TSANG , HAN CHIAO-CHUAN , HO LIN- TAI , WANG SHEN-CHIH
Published: December 2024

The endemic cyprinid, Pararasbora moltrechti Regan, 1908 is briefly redescribed from central Taiwan. A more detailed description was first provided in Mandarin by Chen & Fang, 1999. A second, rather doubtful description error created a new cyprinid species, Aphyocypris amnis Liao et al., 2011, which is almost identical to the original species. The new species was found in a small tributary of the Jushuei River basin, just 0.5 km from Lake Candidius—Sun Moon Lake, the same location where P. moltrechti was originally found. Chen et al. (2012) clearly noted this synonym in the remarks of the Red Data Fish Book in AGC. The incorrect scientific name was added to the Governmental protection list in AGC, causing further issues for conservation management. Solid evidence, not only from morphological data but also from increasing mtDNA documentation, supports the fact that the later published name is redundant. Mito-genetic results also suggest that they are the same species with no distinct genetic differentiation. Herein we clearly state that the Pararasbora moltrechti Regan, 1908 is the senior synonym of Aphocypris amnis Liao et al., 2011 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in Taiwan.
Redescription and validity of Formosania gilberti Oshima, 1919 (Cypriniformes: Balitoridae), an endemic hillstream loach from Taiwan
Authors: YEH MING-FON , LI HSIEN-EN , HAN CHIAO-CHUAN , CHEN I-SHIUNG
Published: December 2024

For over a century, only one species of Formosania has been recognised in Taiwanese waters. However, through the use of mitogenomic analyses and the identification of morphological differences, an endemic balitorid loach was revalidated and redescribed based on specimens herein of northern Taiwan. Formosania gilberti Oshima, 1919 was previously mistreated as a junior synonym of F. lacustris (Steindachner, 1908), but the two can be clearly differentiated by their vertebral counts (26+11 vs. 26+12) and body marking patterns (intensely mottled with vermicular markings vs. cloud-like blotches or brown and blotchless). Furthermore, mitogenomic analyses also showed high intra-specific diversity among Formosania loaches in Taiwan, which not only supports F. gilberti as a valid species but also hints the presence of a species complex distributed in western Taiwan.
Molecular evidence for clear speciation of Tachysurus adiposalis complex in Northern and Central Taiwan
Authors: TRAN HUE MAN , CHEN I-SHIUNG
Published: December 2024

Tachysurus adiposalis (Oshima, 1919) belongs to the bagrid catfish genus Tachysurus in Taiwan. To understand the phylogenetic status of this species, this study was planned to use the ND2 gene and D-loop sequences. A total of 14 samples were used in phylogenetic reconstruction under both method of Neighbor-Joining and Maximum-Likelihood. In the molecular phylogenetic tree shows good results in distinguishing each single haplotype for its own represented species. By this study, which indicates that the Tachysurus adiposalis from Nothern Taiwan are the sister clade of the Tachysurus sp.1 from the Central Taiwan with specific mitogenetic distance for further explorations.
A new freshwater goby of Rhinogobius Gill, 1859 (Teleostei, Gobiidae) from the Jangshi basin, Fujian Province, southeastern China
Authors: CHEN I-SHIUNG , CHEN KWANG-YIAO , WANG SHEN-CHIH
Published: December 2024

A new species of freshwater gobiid fish of genus Rhnogobius Gill, 1859, were collected from the Jangshi river basin, southern region of Fujian Province, China. Rhinogobius jangshiensis new species can be well distinguished from other congeners by their specific patterns of coloration and meristic features: (1) fins rays: second dorsal fin rays I/8; anal fin rays I/7; pectoral fin rays modally 17; (2) squamation: longitudinal scale series 28–30 (modally 29); perdorsal scales 9–10 (modally 9); vertebral count 27; and (3) specific colouration pattern: cheek with 4 main oblique black stripes in male; branchiostegal membrane grayish blue with about 26–32 rounded, brilliant orange red spots in male; caudal fin gray with some light rounded spots and basal black spotted patch and large central yellow mark in adult male. A diagnostic key to all valid species from Fujian Province, China would be provided in this paper.
Taxonomic review and molecular phylogenetics of the reef gobiid genus Fusigobius from Taiwan with comments on a new species from South China Sea
Authors: CHEN I-SHIUNG , CHEN KUAN-TE , YANG YEN-CHENG , HAREFA TONISMAN , CHOU LI-CHIN , SHEN KANG-NING , CHANG CHIH-WEI
Published: December 2024

A taxonomic review is given for the gobiid genus Fusigobius, known for its cryptic and inconspicuous body coloration, from the waters of Taiwan. Six species of Fusigobius have been formally confirmed from Taiwan, including four nominal species (F. duospilus, F. humeralis, F. inframaculatus, and F. neophytus), a newly recorded F. melacron, and a new species, Fusigobius taipinensis n. sp., recently collected from the South China Sea and southern Taiwan. The new species is morphologically close to F. duospilus, but can be clearly distinguished by several important coloration features on the first dorsal fin or body. Phylogenetic analysis and species delimitation inferred from partial sequences of the mtDNA ND5 gene support F. taipinensis as a valid discrete species and F. melacron as the plesiomorphic state for Fusigobius.
A newly recorded gobiid genus, Discordipinna (Teleostei: Gobiidae), from northeastern Taiwan
Authors: CHOU LI-CHIN , JIANG GUO-CHEN , SHEN KANG-NING
Published: December 2024

A specimen of the newly recorded gobiid genus Discordipinna was recently collected from northeastern Taiwan via SCUBA diving. The newly recorded spikefin goby, Discordipinna griessingeri Hoese & Fourmanoir, 1978, is the type species of the genus. The sole specimen was collected from Longdong Bay, northeastern Taiwan, and it closely matches the original description of the species. The redescription of this extremely rare reef goby species found in Taiwanese waters is diagnosed and reported in this paper.
Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (Annelida: Spionidae) from the Aysén region in southern Chile with description of a new species
Authors: DELGADO-BLAS VÍCTOR HUGO , DÍAZ-DÍAZ OSCAR , ROZBACZYLO NICOLÁS
Published: December 2024

Specimens of Laonice collected from southern Chile were examined, and one new species was described. Laonice ayseniensis sp. nov. is characterized by having an anteriorly fused prostomium and peristomium, giving a bicornate, cap-shaped appearance; nuchal organs and caruncle extending up to chaetigers 14–16; very small, subtriangular first notopodial postchaetal lamellae, shorter than the neuropodial lamellae; leaf-like notopodial postchaetal lamellae in the branchial region, with pairs 4, 13, and 14 larger and wider than the other pairs; very low dorsal transverse ridges on chaetigers 37–48; the first neuropodial postchaetal lamellae rectangular with rounded edges, oval with earlobe-shaped ventral edges on chaetigers 2–8; ventrolateral pouches from chaetigers 35–48 up to chaetiger 57; hooded hooks with a distal opening; a pygidium with two small ventral papilliform cirri arranged close to each other and five long cirri. Additional information about the morphological characters of L. praecirrata Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 is provided, using material collected near to the type locality. An identification key for all South American species is provided.
RESEARCH
Authors: Harper Andrew , Yong Suk Jae
Published: December 2024

As buildings become increasingly integrated with advanced control technologies, cybersecurity concerns have risen significantly. This is particularly true for networked lighting systems, as cybersecurity has become more important due to their growing integration with IP networks and other building IT and operational technology (OT) systems. Historically, electricians have focused on physical and electrical installations, occasionally handling system commissioning. However, the advent of networked control systems in modern buildings requires electricians to acquire a new skill set. These systems, often deployed with default configurations, can be vulnerable to unauthorized access and cyberattacks, posing significant security risks to the entire building.
Progressive chromatin rewiring by ETO2::GLIS2 revealed in a human iPSC model of pediatric leukemia initiation
Authors: Boudia Fabien , Baille Marie , Babin Loelia , Aid Zakia , Robert Elie , Riviere Julie , Galant Klaudia , Alonso-Pérez Verónica , Anselmi Laura , Arkoun Brahim , Abermil Nassera , Marzac Christophe , Bertuccio Salvatore Nicola , Regnault de Premesnil Alexia , Lopez Cecile K. , Eeckhoutte Alexandre , Naimo Audrey , Leite Betty , Catelain Cyril , Metereau Christophe , Gonin Patrick , Gaspar Nathalie , Schwaller Juerg , Bernard Olivier A , Raslova Hana , Gaudry Murielle , Marchais Antonin , Lapillonne Hélène , Petit Arnaud , Pflumio Francoise , Arcangeli Marie-Laure , Brunet Erika , Mercher Thomas
Published: December 2024

Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia frequently harbor fusion oncogenes associated with poor prognosis, including KMT2A, NUP98 and GLIS2 rearrangements. While murine models have demonstrated their leukemogenic activities, the steps from a normal human cell to leukemic blasts remain unclear. Here, we precisely reproduced the inversion of chromosome 16 resulting in ETO2::GLIS2 fusion in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). IPSC-derived ETO2::GLIS2-expressing hematopoietic cells showed differentiation alterations in vitro and efficiently induced in vivo development of leukemia that closely phenocopied human acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) reflected by flow cytometry and single cell transcriptomes. Comparison of iPS-derived cells with patient-derived cells revealed altered chromatin accessibility at early and later bona fide leukemia stages with aberrantly higher accessibility and expression of the osteogenic homeobox factor DLX3 that preceded increased accessibility to ETS factors. DLX3 overexpression in normal CD34+ cells increased accessibility to ETS motifs and reduced accessibility to GATA motifs. A DLX3 transcriptional module was globally enriched in both ETO2::GLIS2 AMKL and some aggressive pediatric osteosarcoma. Importantly, DLX3 knock-out abrogated leukemia initiation in this ETO2::GLIS2 iPSC model. Collectively, characterization of a novel human iPSC-derived AMKL model revealed hijacking of the osteogenic homeobox transcription factor DLX3 as an essential early step in chromatin changes and leukemogenesis driven by the ETO2::GLIS2 fusion oncogene.
Efficacy and Safety of Anti–B-Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell for the Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory AL Amyloidosis
Authors: Lebel Eyal , Asherie Nathalie , Kfir-Erenfeld Shlomit , Grisariu Sigal , Avni Batia , Elias Shlomo , Assayag Miri , Dubnikov-Sharon Tali , Pick Marjorie , Alexander-Shani Rivka , Bessig Nomi , Herr Shlomit , Shehadeh Alaa , Ishtay Aseel , Pimienta Shelly , Vainstein Vladimir , Zimran Eran , Cohen Yael , Avivi Irit , Cohen Cyrille , Stepensky Polina , Gatt Moshe E.
Published: December 2024

PURPOSE

The use of anti–B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CART) therapy for AL amyloidosis (AL) is limited owing to patient frailty. HBI0101 anti-BCMA CART was the first proof of concept for its applicability to AL. This report addresses the AL patient cohort treated to date within the phase Ia/Ib clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT04720313
).

METHODS

After lymphodepletion, most AL patients were infused with 800 × 10
6
CARTs.

RESULTS

Sixteen patients were treated, with a median of four previous lines of therapy (range, 3-10), 14/16 were triple class refractory, and 6/16 were refractory to belantamab. Most patients (13/16) had cardiac involvement, including five with MAYO stage IIIa/IIIb at study entry. Cytokine release syndrome was frequent (14/16) but mostly low grade (grade 3: 3/16, no grade 4/5). No neurologic toxicity or treatment-related deaths were observed. There were five grade 3 AL-related organ deteriorations resolved quickly with supportive care. The overall hematologic response rate was 15/16 (94%) and complete response (CR) was 12/16 (75%). Minimal residual disease negativity was achieved in 9/14 evaluable patients. Most patients (8/13 evaluable) achieved an objective organ response. Seven patients died during long-term follow-up, three while in CR/very good partial response, and the median overall survival was 10.1 months (95% CI, 5.8 to not reached).

CONCLUSION

This largest clinical trial of AL patients treated with anti-BCMA CART demonstrates acceptable and manageable toxicity in a highly frail and resistant population with remarkable efficacy, leading to fast organ responses. Among patients with baseline advanced cardiac disease, deaths in the first year were frequent, suggesting that this effective therapy should be considered earlier in the course of therapy. Anti-BCMA CART may become a powerful tool for improving organ function and survival in patients with AL.
Extended-release Hydrocortisone Formulations—Is There a Clinically Meaningful Benefit?
Authors: Steintorsdottir Sandra D , Øksnes Marianne , Jørgensen Anders P , Husebye Eystein S
Published: December 2024

Despite best practice replacement therapy with corticosteroids, patients with adrenal insufficiency report diminished quality of life and face increased mortality and morbidity. Conventional formulations of hydrocortisone have short half-lives (about 90 minutes) requiring multiple dosing during the day. Since 2011, extended-release hydrocortisone (ER-HC) formulations have been available enabling once-, sometimes twice-daily dosing. Most studies comparing ER-HC formulations with conventional hydrocortisone therapy report reduction in body weight, blood pressure and glucose levels, and improved quality of life. However, it is still unclear if the reported beneficiary effects are due to differences in cortisol exposure or alterations in pharmacokinetics. Here, we review studies comparing conventional and ER-HC treatment in adrenal insufficiency and discuss whether these novel formulations are safe and offer clinically significant benefits.
Out-of-frame Translation Rescues a Loss-of-function Variant in a Novel TBCE Phenotype
Authors: Sparber Peter , Ulas Evgeniia , Filatova Alexandra , Tatarskiy Eugene , Perelman Grigory , Makretskaya Nina , Nagaeva Elena , Kareva Maria , Frolova Elena , Kalinchenko Natalia , Tvorogova Anna V , Golyshev Sergey , Burakov Anton , Tabakov Vyacheslav , Lozier Ekaterina , Konovalov Fedor , Voinova Victoria , Tiulpakov Anatoly , Skoblov Mikhail
Published: December 2024

Context

Pathogenic variants in the TBCE gene, encoding tubulin-specific chaperone E crucial for tubulin folding, are linked to three severe neurodevelopmental disorders: Hypoparathyroidism-retardation-dysmorphism syndrome, Kenny-Caffey syndrome type 1, and progressive encephalopathy with amyotrophy and optic atrophy.

Objective

We identified patients with a novel, milder TBCE-associated phenotype and aimed to characterize it at the clinical and molecular levels.

Materials and Methods

We conducted splicing analysis using deep next-generation sequencing of RT-PCR products and detected TBCE through Western blotting. Translation efficiency was measured using a luciferase reporter assay. Overexpression experiments were performed in Hela cells with tubulin staining. Immunofluorescence analysis was used for Golgi complex assessment, while microtubule dynamics were studied post-nocodazole treatment. Electron microscopy facilitated ultrastructural studies.

Results

We report 7 patients with a novel, milder TBCE phenotype, presenting with amyotrophy, testicular failure, and mild intellectual disability, with or without short stature. All patients were homozygous or compound-heterozygous for the NM_003193.5:c.100 + 1G > A variant, which causes a splicing alteration and early frameshift. However, we found that the mild phenotype arises due to translation from an alternative open reading frame, producing a partially functional protein. Dermal fibroblasts showed reduced Golgi compactness but normal microtubule dynamics. Electron microscopy revealed varying levels of acto-myosin degradation. The c.100 + 1G > A variant was found to be 10 times more frequent in Slavic samples than in gnomAD, suggesting underdiagnosis of this phenotype.

Conclusion

This study uncovers complex molecular mechanisms contributing to the milder phenotype in patients with the c.100 + 1G > A variant, providing insights into a new TBCE-related disorder.
Development and External Validation of a Combined Clinical–Radiomic Model for Predicting Insufficient Hypertrophy of the Future Liver Remnant following Portal Vein Embolization
Authors: Wang Qiang , Brismar Torkel B. , Björk Dennis , Baubeta Erik , Lindell Gert , Björnsson Bergthor , Sparrelid Ernesto
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to develop and externally validate a model for predicting insufficient future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy after portal vein embolization (PVE) based on clinical factors and radiomics of pretreatment computed tomography (CT)

Patients and methods

Clinical information and CT scans of 241 consecutive patients from three Swedish centers were retrospectively collected. One center (120 patients) was applied for model development, and the other two (59 and 62 patients) as test cohorts. Logistic regression analysis was adopted for clinical model development. A FLR radiomics signature was constructed from the CT images using the support vector machine. A model combining clinical factors and FLR radiomics signature was developed. Area under the curve (AUC) was adopted for predictive performance evaluation

Results

Three independent clinical factors were identified for model construction: pretreatment standardized FLR (odds ratio (OR): 1.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.20), alanine transaminase (ALT) level (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–0.99), and PVE material (OR: 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08–0.87). This clinical model showed an AUC of 0.75, 0.71, and 0.68 in the three cohorts, respectively. A total of 833 radiomics features were extracted, and after feature dimension reduction, 16 features were selected for FLR radiomics signature construction. When adding it to the clinical model, the AUC of the combined model increased to 0.80, 0.76, and 0.72, respectively. However, the increase was not significant.

Conclusions

Pretreatment CT radiomics showed added value to the clinical model for predicting FLR hypertrophy following PVE. Although not reaching statistically significant, the evolving radiomics holds a potential to supplement traditional predictors of FLR hypertrophy.
Microbial iCLIP2: enhanced mapping of RNA–protein interaction by promoting protein and RNA stability
Authors: Stoffel Nina Kim , Sankaranarayanan Srimeenakshi , Müntjes Kira , Körtel Nadine , Busch Anke , Zarnack Kathi , König Julian , Feldbrügge Michael
Published: December 2024

The entire RNA life cycle, spanning from transcription to decay, is intricately regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). To understand their precise functions, it is crucial to identify direct targets, pinpoint their exact binding sites, and unravel the underlying specificity in vivo. Individual-nucleotide resolution UV cross-linking and immunoprecipitation 2 (iCLIP2) is a state-of-the-art technique that enables the identification of RBP-binding sites at single-nucleotide resolution. However, in the field of microbiology, optimized iCLIP protocols compared to mammalian systems are lacking. Here, we present the first microbial iCLIP2 approach using the multi-RRM domain protein Rrm4 from the fungusUstilago maydisas an example. Key challenges, such as inherently high RNase and protease activity in fungi, were addressed by improving mechanical cell disruption and lysis buffer composition. Our modifications increased the yield of cross-link events and improved the identification of Rrm4-binding sites. Thereby, we were able to pinpoint that Rrm4 binds the stop codons of nuclear-encoded mRNAs of mitochondrial respiratory complexes I, III, and V—revealing an intimate link between endosomal mRNA transport and mitochondrial physiology. Thus, our study usingU. maydisas an example might serve as a blueprint for optimizing iCLIP2 procedures in other microorganisms with high RNase/protease conditions.