bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ARABIC-PERSIAN ELEMENTS IN THE LANGUAGE OF THE MANGISTAU ZHYRAU OF THE XVIII-XIX CENTURIES
Authors:   Caspian State University of Technologies and Engineering named after Sh. Yessenov, Aktau city, Kazakhstan, Nurdauletova B.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the article is to clarify the sources of their appearance, use and preservation in the poetics of zhyrau by analyzing the etymology of words borrowed from the Arabic and Persian languages, found in the works of the zhyrau poets of Mangistau of the 18th-19th centuries. We have classified the Arabic-Persian words in the language of the Mangystau poets-zhyrau into two large groups: firstly, these are words associated with religious concepts; secondly, the author's figurative applications used for artistic purposes.If some of these words, which have changed in terms of form and have become similar to the original Kazakh words, are understandable for everyone, then other words are understandable only to people with a special religious education, since they have retained the form of the Arabic language. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that the use of Arabic, Persian words in the language of zhyrau poets for a poetic purpose, or in connection with certain religious concepts, indicates that the zhyrau poets, firstly, knew the Central Asian Turkic literary traditions, and secondly, were very literate in the field of the Muslim religion.
ANIMISM AND MYTHOPOETICS OF ZHANAT ASKERBEKKYZY'S LYRICS
Authors:   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk,Kazakhstan, Kelgembayeva B. , Tanzharykova A. ,   Abai Kazakh national pedagogical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the problems of mythopoetics based on the lyrical works of the famous poetess Zhanat Askerbekkyzy, included in the collection of her poems “AI-tamgyˮ. The authors make a historical review of the formation of mythopoetics as an independent section of literary criticism. The role of the moon cult in the worldview and life, customs and folklore of the Kazakh people is analyzed. Their points of contact with traces of the chemical worldview in the folklore and traditions of the peoples of the world are revealed. The poetic function of the moon cult in Kazakh literature is compared with fragments of poetic works of famous romantics of European literature. The author reveals the mythological origin of the image of the moon and the specifics of the interpretation of the image of the moon and lunar motifs in the poet's lyrics. An attempt is made to determine the stylistic originality and individuality of the poetic perception of this author. a literary analysis of the mythopoetic tradition in national poetry and artistic and aesthetic searches in modern Kazakh poetry is Carried out.
TURKISH PERIOD IN LITERATURE OF KAZAKH DIASPORA
Authors:   Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University, Kyzylorda, Kazakhstan, Zholmakhanova A.
Published: June 2021

Until Kazakhstan gained independence, Soviet ideology did not provide an opportunity to study the socio-economic, political and spiritual life of Kazakh people who are living abroad. Moreover, such scientific directions as diasporology, emigrantology did not receive proper development. The article "Turkish period in the literature of Kazakh diaspora" is the result of the latest research in Kazakh literary science. This article is about the memories of Kazakh people living in Turkey, their genre, artistic and ideological, style features, nostalgic motives inherent in the memories. The historical and cognitive nature of the memories is also examined. Later, Kazakh emigrants who were arrested during the Second World War and forced to stay abroad, frigntening of returning to the country because of the policy of the Soviet regime in their relation, joined them. One of them is the famous musician Alim Almat. The mentioned representatives of Kazakh emigrant intelligentsia had the opportunity to develop their work in Turkey. As a result, historical memories were written and published about H. Oraltay, H. Altai, A.Almat about the life of Kazakh diaspora abroad. The author devotes his research to the study of Turkish period of Kazakh diasporal literature.
GENESIS OF TURKISH HISTORICAL NOVEL
Authors:   KazNU named after al-Farabi, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abeldaev Zh.
Published: June 2021

The Turkish historical novel has a history of birth, formation and development. It developed closely related to its historical reality. If the prose patterns based on the first historical novels were reflected in the medieval classical prose of the Turks, then it was formed in the nineteenth century in the literary period of the Tanzimat on the basis of European prose. Therefore, the genesis of the historical novel of the Turks was based not only in the XIX century, but also in medieval Divan literature and folk tales. Due to the fact that the XIX century saw significant changes in world culture, Anatolian Turkish literature did not lag behind this process. Major reforms in the Ottoman society of the XIX century also covered cultural and literary aspects. In particular, they have undergone a major cultural and literary modernization. For the first time, the Ottoman society is approaching European civilization. In some cases, he even wanted to show his Imperial character. However, in this context, the elements of Western culture began to enter into the Turkish culture. Based on the cultural modernization of the Turks, literary processes went through a difficult period. But, despite the fact that the historical novel of the Turks in this period was particularly in demand, and therefore it aroused the interest of Turkish writers. In the literary period of the Tanzimat, the first historical novels adopted the rules of the Western model, but the historical truth was connected only with the reality of the Ottoman Empire.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GENRE OF THE SHORT STORY IN THE WORKS OF AMERICAN AND BRITISH WRITERS.
Authors:   Abay Kazakh National pedagogical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kazmagambetova A.
Published: June 2021

This article pays attention to the issue development of the genre of the short story in the American and British literature. The authors of the short stories overcame difficulties with the extensive search for ways to update the figurative and expressive means powered to their common basic paradigm shift. Analysis of the researching devoted to the theory and history of the genre of the short story inevitably was powered by common understanding blur definition of its genre associated with general laws taken place in the literary process of the XIXth century. The high artistic level achieved the small prose in the England and its traits was fruitfully investigated by Russian and Western scholar and enlightened the experience manner of writers, therefore this genre should be considered as creative activity improved the unique technique, carried out in practice the experiments with a plot and themes finally successfully developed in their narrative prose.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORAL COMPOTENCY THROUGH DIDACTIC DEMONSTRATIONS BY DOCTORAL STUDENTS
Authors:   Al-FarabiKazakh national university, Taubaeva S. , Imanbaeva S. ,   Abai Kazakh national pedagogical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Baltabaeva Zh. ,   Abai Kazakh national pedagogical university, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The academic literacy among students development problem, which includes academic reading, academic writing, and academic performance, becomes relevant in the Republic of Kazakhstan, in the system of higher and postgraduate education. PhD students in the field of pedagogy study the basic discipline "Pedagogy Philosophy and Methodology". This discipline is designed to educate them in public speaking to an audience with their search and experiment results throughout their studies. For a speech to the audience, students prepare a scientific report. Report (scientific), researcher public presentation, which is a summary of his scientific search results, design, experiment. The purpose, structure and content of the discipline allows the teacher to systematize didactic presentations in six areas and use them in lectures and seminars. Over the past ten years, these presentations have contributed to the deeper understanding and assimilation by PhD students of the pedagogy philosophical and methodological foundations, and the pedagogical research methodological tools.
EFFECTIVE METHODS OF TEACHING PROSAIC WORKS AT SCHOOL
Authors:   Kazakh National Wemen's teacher training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abdikalyk K. , Alieva Zh. ,   Kazakh National Wemen's teacher training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Kulanova M. ,   Kazakh National Wemen's teacher training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the selection of modern teaching and learning methods in the updated educational content, methods for their effective use, the prose works that are studied in the school on Kazakh literature are analyzed. Also addresses the issue of developing students' critical thinking through the effective teaching of art compositions. The article covers the most effective methods such as reading with stops, the APF debate method (American Parliamentary Format), cubism, evening news when teaching prose works at school and in which classes they are more effective. The development of students' skills in realizing learning goals and creative abilities, using modern educational technologies in the process of studying art compositions.
TEACHING THE KAZAKH WORD FORMATIONSTUDENTS IN TRAINING UNDER THE UPDATED CURRICULUM
Authors:   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Abitova Zh. , Suleimenova Zh. ,   Kazakh National Women's Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article investigates that the introduction of new research and changes in the teaching of word formation for Kazakh students is relevant. In the preparation of future philologists, relevant issues of teaching word formation in the Kazakh language are analyzed taking into account changes in the content of modern education. In addition, this article defines methodological strategies as possible results and solutions for teaching word formation in the Kazakh language in an updated curriculum.In addition to academic knowledge of the subject, students must master the basic skills necessary to succeed in the modern world, such as critical thinking, problem solving, communication, and interaction. The importance of supporting students with new technologies in the educational process, which is focused on replacing content-oriented educational content, has been proved.
METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF THE MULTI-AGENT APPROACH APPLICATION TO THE FORMATION, EXPERT LABELING AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE CORPUS OF NEWS TEXTS
Authors:   Master of Management, JSC ", Ospanova U. ,   Information-Analytical Center",   of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Department of Applied Research and Development, Project Manager, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, Akoyeva I. ,   JSC “Information-Analytical Center” of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Department of Applied Research and Development, Chief Analyst, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The development of automated information systems for evaluating electronic media is becoming increasingly important due to the exponential increase in the volume of information in the world. Since mass communication is a complex interactive process that involves the active interaction of various agents participating in the process, a qualitative assessment of the news space involves the use of a multi-agent approach to take into account the opinions and respect the parity of all stakeholders in the mass communication process. Based on the results of the survey, thematic news areas of interest to certain categories of society were identified.Thematic areas that the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan considered socially significant, thematic areas were identified that have 4 types of media impact on sustainable personal development. The article describes the methodological aspects of the implementation of a multi-agent approach to working with the corpus of news texts in the development of information technologies and systems to stimulate sustainable development of the individual.
APPLICATION OF GAME TECHNOLOGY IN ENGLISH LESSONS
Authors:   Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Bazarova D. , Raeva K. ,   Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Umbetbekova K. ,   Almaty Technological University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

This article discusses the use of gaming technology in teaching English, their place and effectiveness. In addition, the advantages of gaming technology are discursive personality skills, cognitive activity and one of the most important learning objectives - the main features and possibilities of the formation and formation of student discursive skills.In recent years, the intensive development of computer networks and information and communication technologies (ICT) has opened up additional opportunities in the field of education. They are primarily related to the use of the global computer Internet. Today, information and communication technologies have become an essential condition of modern education, as it has become possible. it helps to increase cognitive interest, develop skills of independent work, search, analyze objects and phenomena, discover sources of information, foster responsibility for obtaining new knowledge and develop the information culture of the individual. This article discusses potential technologies for developing critical thinking using video in high school. In particular, the article deals with the following issues: strategies and technologies of training with video material for the formation of critical thinking (VCTD); also, special attention is paid to the bloom taxonomy as a means of teaching critical thinking.
METHODS OF TEACHING ETHNIC AND CULTURAL INFORMATION IN THE ETHNOGRAPHIC CONVERSATIONS
Authors:   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Panzabek B. , Baltabaeva N. ,   Kazakh National Women's Teacher Training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The article examines some issues of studying ethnocultural information in the Kazakh ethnographic stories in order to revive the national spirit, knowledge and popularization of national literature and culture. The thematic system of stories is specified, innovative methods and techniques are used through text analysis, from the point of view of knowledge. Artistic searches for ethnographic stories are systematized, structural-semantic, comparative analysis is carried out, and the artistic and aesthetic nature of the works is determined. As a result of studying ethnocultural information in ethnographic stories, the course of formation of national values among students will be discussed. The article shows how the language of the nation, the spiritual values of the nation, the cultural code of the nation, the cultural identity of the nation, consciousness, customs and traditions of the nation, which form the basis of ethnocultural information, are reflected in conversations. History shows that the authors managed to accurately combine ethnocultural information with the realities of the Kazakh people of that period. It also analyzes the effectiveness of modern technologies in teaching ethnocultural information.
THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE STUDY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Kazakh Academy of Transport and communications named after M. Tynyshpayev, Kazakhstan, Almaty, Smailova F.
Published: June 2021

This article is devoted to the processes of intercultural integration leading to modernization of the content of modern language education in Kazakhstan. Expanding the range of international cooperation of Kazakhstan, increasing the social importance of foreign language and the desire of citizens for lifelong education stimulate the intensification of the development of foreign language education in our country. Therefore, an important aspect of the study is the research for the study and synthesis of the best pedagogical experience of teaching a foreign language, as a result of foreign language education in the context of informatization of education. Modernization of education implies changing the goals and planned result of education, reducing the volume of compulsory content, changing the methods and technologies of content mastering at all levels of education, individualization of the learning process, and the possibility of variable education systems. In this direction, it is necessary to take into account the psychological and pedagogical conditions of teaching a foreign language, which could contribute to stimulate communication, cognitive, game and other activities of the student; provide free communication in the group, and an opportunity to choose educational programs and training technologies.
Formation and development of the “Soft power” strategy of the Republic of Korea
Authors:   KazUIRandWL named by Ablai khan Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Borantayeva F.Zh. , Baisultanova K.Sh. ,   KazUIRandWL named by Ablai khan Almaty city, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

Nowadays indirect influence from other countries is becoming commonplace. This article discusses the features of the formation and development of the strategy of "soft power" in South Korea. The authors analyzed the theoretical foundations of “soft power” and the historical aspects of its formation and disclosure of the essence of this policy in South Korea.
Entrepreneurial protection – case of state importance
Authors:   Academy under the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan Kosshy, Akmola, Kemali E.C.
Published: June 2021

The protection of human rights, including the rights of entrepreneurs in our country, is very important. This is due to the fact that, in accordance with the Constitution of the country, the Republic of Kazakhstan affirms itself as a democratic, secular, legal and social state, the highest values of which are a person, his life, rights and freedoms. For our state in connection with the transition to a market economy, one of the priority areas has become not only the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the citizen, but also the rights of entrepreneurs.
Political science factors of leadership formation
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, A.K. Kurmangali  , A.T. Baiturbayeva  ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

In political management practice, the formation of the image of a politician begins with the development of a preliminary program of action, which is determined by elections. To create such a program, the contingent is carefully studied or (as it is commonly called in political science literature) the “target audience” of a political image. This process occurs using various sociological and socio-psychological technologies for analyzing representations, opinions and other manifestations of mass consciousness, conducting expert surveys, observation focus groups, etc. Using these methods, the so-called “ideal image” of a given audience is calculated.
Modern sociological concepts of family and marriage: opportunities and limitations
Authors:   KSU named after academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda, Kazakhstan, Beissenova А.А. , Igenova B.N. ,   KSU named after academician E.A. Buketov Karaganda, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The family as a social institution is dynamic and multifaceted, and this adds methodological and theoretical difficulties in achieving a coordinated view of its structure, functions and the changes that occur with it. Depending on what questions are asked, what areas of change are considered and at what level of analysis, a variety of theoretical approaches arise, which are also intertwined with social, economic, political and personal processes.
Sociological analysis of the concept of young family
Authors:   Kazakh national women's pedagogical university, A.B. Sarsenova  , Zh.S. Uristemova  ,   Kazakh national women's pedagogical university
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the concept, status, key problems and aspects of family values of a young family. The family as a social institution goes through various stages of formation and development and performs a certain function. Young families face life problems in any society and need the support of the state and society. The material needs and needs of young families, their causes and consequences, as well as ways to address them, are the basis of this study. An attempt was made to identify the causes of various contradictions in the family by studying the spiritual and moral understanding between the newlyweds,their world view, goals and ideals.
Migration sentiments of Kazakhstani youth in the context of educational migration
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Kazakov V.
Published: June 2021

The article considers educational migration as part of the general intellectual. The main trends associated with the movement of large masses of the population are identified. The main problems of the legal regulation of educational migration in modern Kazakhstani conditions are investigated. The current legislation in the field of education and science, which is the key to regulating legal relations, is analyzed. The norms of the formation of the state educational order as the main way of financing higher and postgraduate education are studied.
Modern Kazakhstan society and the problems of single mothers
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan, Avsydykova K.A. , Yelamanova A.S. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: June 2021

The family is the main social institution that carries out spiritual, cultural, personal, physiological development of the individual. Global changes in recent years have led to the emergence of a family crisis, which has an impact on the institution of the family, family and marriage relations and causes public concern. The transformation of the Kazakhstan Family Institute has contributed to the emergence of negative trends, in addition to traditional types of family relations. One of them is an increase in the number of single- parent families consisting of single mothers.
The role of culture and politics in the system of interethnic interactions
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Nabiev V.G.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the relations and interrelations of culture and politics. Politics, both in terms of its formation and functioning, is constantly influenced by cultural patterns. In this context, they, on the one hand, reflect the common socio - cultural foundations (realities) that unite, integrate, and consolidate people, and on the other-on the contrary, what separates them according to their worldview orientations, political behavior, life attitudes, and personal preferences. In politics, differences arising from the distinctiveness of national cultures and national character traits are of particular importance, determining whether and how ethnic and cultural differences can affect the perception.
Ethnic stereotypes: nature and essence
Authors:   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan, Nabiev V.G.
Published: June 2021

Generalized, stable ideas about a people provide interesting material for analyzing their national characteristics and other characteristics that are quite difficult to define. It is extremely difficult to study the national character, since it does not lend itself to direct observation, but manifests itself indirectly — through words, actions, attitudes to various phenomena. Stereotypical representations of a particular people often provide the key to understanding its characteristics. Each ethnic group, as well as each individual, has a full set of social, ethnic and psychological characteristics.
LA PSICOLOGÍA APLICADA AL MARKETING Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LAS EMOCIONES DEL CONSUMIDOR ECUATORIANO.
Authors: Loor Chávez Temistocles Deodato , Reyna Moreira Vicente Ignacio , Silva Murillo Shirley Betsabe , Macías Catagua Otto Wagner
Published: June 2021

En la actualidad, existe un gran consenso entre psicólogos y mercadólogos, en cuanto a la importancia de las emociones, tanto en la toma de decisiones para adquirir un determinado producto o servicio, como sobre la lealtad de estos hacia las marcas. La psicología aplicada al marketing se fundamenta por tanto en analizar las conductas que tienen los consumidores cuando su percepción se basa en las emociones que las marcas transmiten, pudiendo estas influir en su decisión de compra. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo demostrar en qué medida la psicología aplicada al marketing influye en las emociones de los consumidores ecuatorianos. La metodología utilizada en el estudio comprende bases conceptuales y herramientas para cumplir con el propósito de la investigación. Se aplicó el método inductivo completo y varias tipologías investigativas. Mediante el programa SPSS 25, con el coeficiente de correlación p (Rho) de Spearman, se pudo comprobar la hipótesis general y específicas, demostrando que tanto la psicología aplicada al marketing como la cultura y el entorno, las capacidades cognitivas y la imagen de marca influyen en las emociones del consumidor ecuatoriano, alcanzando respectivamente los siguientes coeficientes de (0,980), (0.870), (0,892), y (0,986), significando que se validan positiva y significativamente.
Elevated 3D structures of PM2.5 and impact of complex terrain-forcing circulations on heavy haze pollution over Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Shu Zhuozhi , Liu Yubao , Zhao Tianliang , Xia Junrong , Wang Chenggang , Cao Le , Wang Haoliang , Zhang Lei , Zheng Yu , Shen Lijuan , Luo Lei , Li Yueqing
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Deep basins create uniquely favorable conditions for causing air pollution, and the Sichuan Basin (SCB) in Southwest China is such a
basin featuring frequent heavy pollution. A wintertime heavy haze pollution
event in the SCB was studied with conventional and intensive observation data
and the WRF-Chem model to explore the 3D distribution of
PM2.5 to understand the impact of regional pollutant emissions, basin
circulations associated with plateaus, and downwind transport to the
adjacent areas. It was found that the vertical structure of PM2.5 over the
SCB was characterized by a remarkable hollow sandwiched by high PM2.5
layers at heights of 1.5–3 km and a highly polluted near-surface layer. The
southwesterlies over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
(YGP) resulted in a lee vortex over the SCB, which helped form and maintain
heavy PM2.5 pollution. The basin PM2.5 was lifted into the
free troposphere and transported outside of the SCB. At the bottom of the
SCB, high PM2.5 concentrations were mostly located in the northwestern
and southern regions. Due to the blocking effect of the plateau terrain on
the northeasterly winds, PM2.5 gradually increased from northeast to
southwest in the basin. In the lower free troposphere, the high PM2.5
centers were distributed over the northwestern and southwestern SCB areas,
as well as the central SCB region. For this event, the regional emissions
from the SCB contributed 75.4 %–94.6 % to the surface PM2.5
concentrations in the SCB. The SCB emissions were the major source of PM2.5 over the eastern regions of the TP and the northern regions of the YGP, with
contribution rates of 72.7 % and 70.5 %, respectively, during the
dissipation stage of heavy air pollution over the SCB, which was regarded as the
major pollutant source affecting atmospheric environment changes in
Southwest China.
Observing electric field and neutral wind with EISCAT 3D
Authors: Stamm Johann , Vierinen Juha , Gustavsson Björn
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Measurements of height dependent electric field (E) and neutral wind (u) are important governing parameters of the Earth's upper atmosphere, which can be used to study e.g., how auroral currents close, or how energy flows between the ionized and neutral constituents. The new EISCAT 3D (E3D) incoherent scatter radar will be able to measure a three-dimensional ion velocity vector (v) at each measurement point, which will allow less stringent prior assumptions about E and u to be made when estimating them from radar measurements. This study investigates the feasibility of estimating the three-dimensional electric field and neutral wind vectors along a magnetic field-aligned altitude profile from E3D measurements, using the ion momentum equation and Maxwell's equations. The uncertainty of ion drift measurements is estimated for a time and height resolution of 5 s and 2 km. With the most favourable ionospheric conditions, the ion wind at E region peak can be measured with an accuracy of less than 1 m/s. In the worst case, during a geomagnetically quiet night, the uncertainty increases by a factor of around ten. The uncertainty of neutral wind and electric field estimates is found to be strongly dependent on the prior constraints imposed on them. In the lower E region, neutral wind estimates have a lower standard deviation than 10 m/s in the most favourable conditions. In such conditions, also the F region electric field can be estimated with uncertainty of about 1 mV/m. Simulated measurements of v are used to demonstrate the ability to resolve the field-aligned profile of E and u. However, they can only be determined well at the heights where they significantly influence the ion drift, that is above 125 km for E and below 115 km for u. At the other heights, the results are strongly dependent on the the prior assumptions of smoothness.
A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily temperature and precipitation records (1980–2018) for Trentino-South Tyrol (north-eastern Italian Alps)
Authors: Crespi Alice , Matiu Michael , Bertoldi Giacomo , Petitta Marcello , Zebisch Marc
Published: June 2021

Abstract. A high-resolution gridded dataset of daily mean
temperature and precipitation series spanning the period 1980–2018 was
built for Trentino-South Tyrol, a mountainous region in north-eastern
Italy, starting from an archive of observation series from more than 200
meteorological stations and covering the regional domain and surrounding
countries. The original station data underwent a processing chain including
quality and consistency checks, homogeneity tests, with the homogenization
of the most relevant breaks in the series, and a filling procedure of daily
gaps aiming at maximizing the data availability. Using the processed
database, an anomaly-based interpolation scheme was applied to project the
daily station observations of mean temperature and precipitation onto a
regular grid of 250 m × 250 m resolution. The accuracy of the resulting
dataset was evaluated by leave-one-out station cross-validation. Averaged
over all sites, interpolated daily temperature and precipitation show no
bias, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of about 1.5 ∘C and 1.1 mm
and a mean correlation of 0.97 and 0.91, respectively. The obtained daily
fields were used to discuss the spatial representation of selected past
events and the distribution of the main climatological features over the
region, which shows the role of the mountainous terrain in defining the
temperature and precipitation gradients. In addition, the suitability of the
dataset to be combined with other high-resolution products was evaluated
through a comparison of the gridded observations with snow-cover maps from
remote sensing observations. The presented dataset provides an accurate
insight into the spatio-temporal distribution of temperature and precipitation
over the mountainous terrain of Trentino-South Tyrol and a valuable
support for local and regional applications of climate variability and
change. The dataset is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.924502 (Crespi et al., 2020).
The RapeseedMap10 database: annual maps of rapeseed at a spatial resolution of 10 m based on multi-source data
Authors: Han Jichong , Zhang Zhao , Luo Yuchuan , Cao Juan , Zhang Liangliang , Zhang Jing , Li Ziyue
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Large-scale, high-resolution maps of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), a
major oilseed crop, are critical for predicting annual production and
ensuring global energy security, but such maps are still not freely
available for many areas. In this study, we developed a new pixel- and
phenology-based algorithm and produced a new data product for rapeseed
planting areas (2017–2019) in 33 countries at 10 m spatial resolution based
on multiple data. Our product is strongly consistent at the national level
with official statistics of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the
United Nations. Our rapeseed maps achieved F1 spatial consistency scores of
at least 0.81 when compared with the Cropland Data Layer in the United
States, the Annual Crop Inventory in Canada, the Crop Map of England, and
the Land Cover Map of France. Moreover, F1 scores based on independent
validation samples ranged from 0.84 to 0.91, implying a good consistency
with ground truth. In almost all countries covered in this study, the
rapeseed crop rotation interval was at least 2 years. Our derived maps
suggest, with reasonable accuracy, the robustness of the algorithm in
identifying rapeseed over large regions with various climates and
landscapes. Scientists and local growers can use the freely downloadable
derived rapeseed planting areas to help predict rapeseed production and
optimize planting structures. The product is publicly available at
https://doi.org/10.17632/ydf3m7pd4j.3 (Han et al., 2021).
Hydrometeorological, glaciological and geospatial research data from the Peyto Glacier Research Basin in the Canadian Rockies
Authors: Pradhananga Dhiraj , Pomeroy John W. , Aubry-Wake Caroline , Munro D. Scott , Shea Joseph , Demuth Michael N. , Kirat Nammy Hang , Menounos Brian , Mukherjee Kriti
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper presents hydrometeorological, glaciological
and geospatial data from the Peyto Glacier Research Basin (PGRB) in the
Canadian Rockies. Peyto Glacier has been of interest to glaciological and
hydrological researchers since the 1960s, when it was chosen as one of five
glacier basins in Canada for the study of mass and water balance during the
International Hydrological Decade (IHD, 1965–1974). Intensive studies of the
glacier and observations of the glacier mass balance continued after the
IHD, when the initial seasonal meteorological stations were discontinued,
then restarted as continuous stations in the late 1980s. The corresponding
hydrometric observations were discontinued in 1977 and restarted in 2013.
Datasets presented in this paper include high-resolution, co-registered
digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from original air photos and lidar surveys; hourly off-glacier
meteorological data recorded from 1987 to the present; precipitation data from
the nearby Bow Summit weather station; and long-term hydrological and glaciological model
forcing datasets derived from bias-corrected reanalysis products. These data
are crucial for studying climate change and variability in the basin and
understanding the hydrological responses of the basin to both glacier and
climate change. The comprehensive dataset for the PGRB is a valuable and
exceptionally long-standing testament to the impacts of climate change on
the cryosphere in the high-mountain environment. The dataset is publicly
available from Federated Research Data Repository at
https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0259 (Pradhananga et
al., 2020).
Satellite rainfall products outperform ground observations for landslide prediction in India
Authors: Brunetti Maria Teresa , Melillo Massimo , Gariano Stefano Luigi , Ciabatta Luca , Brocca Luca , Amarnath Giriraj , Peruccacci Silvia
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Landslides are among the most dangerous natural hazards, particularly in developing countries, where ground observations for operative early warning systems are lacking. In these areas, remote sensing can represent an important detection and monitoring process to predict landslide occurrence in space and time, particularly satellite rainfall products that have improved in terms of accuracy and resolution in recent times. Surprisingly, only a few studies have investigated the capability and effectiveness of these products in landslide prediction in reducing the impact of this hazard on the population. We have performed a comparative study of ground- and satellite-based rainfall products for landslide prediction in India by using empirical
rainfall thresholds derived from the analysis of historical landslide events. Specifically, we have tested Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM)
and SM2RAIN-ASCAT satellite rainfall products, and their merging, at daily
and hourly temporal resolution, and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
daily rain gauge observations. A catalogue of 197 rainfall-induced landslides that occurred throughout India in the 13-year period between April 2007 and October 2019 has been used. Results indicate that satellite rainfall products outperform ground
observations thanks to their better spatial (0.1∘ vs. 0.25∘) and temporal (hourly vs. daily) resolutions. The better performance is obtained through the merged GPM and SM2RAIN-ASCAT products,
even though improvements in reproducing the daily rainfall (e.g. overestimation of the number of rainy days) are likely needed. These findings open a new avenue for using such satellite products in landslide
early warning systems, particularly in poorly gauged areas.
Technical Note: Sequential ensemble data assimilation in convergent and divergent systems
Authors: Bauser Hannes Helmut , Berg Daniel , Roth Kurt
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Data assimilation methods are used throughout the geosciences to combine information from uncertain models and uncertain measurement data. However, the characteristics of geophysical systems differ and may be distinguished between divergent and convergent systems. In divergent systems initially nearby states will drift apart, while they will coalesce in convergent systems. This difference has implications for the application of sequential ensemble data assimilation methods. This study explores these implications on two exemplary systems, i.e., the divergent Lorenz 96 model and the convergent description of soil water movement by the Richards equation. The results show that sequential ensemble data assimilation methods require a sufficient divergent component. This makes the transfer of the methods from divergent to convergent systems challenging. We demonstrate, through a set of case studies, that it is imperative to represent model errors adequately and incorporate parameter uncertainties in ensemble data assimilation in convergent systems.
Dynamics of hydrological and geomorphological processes in evaporite karst at the eastern Dead Sea – a multidisciplinary study
Authors: Al-Halbouni Djamil , Watson Robert A. , Holohan Eoghan P. , Meyer Rena , Polom Ulrich , Dos Santos Fernando M. , Comas Xavier , Alrshdan Hussam , Krawczyk Charlotte M. , Dahm Torsten
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Karst groundwater systems are characterized by the presence of multiple porosity types. Of these, subsurface conduits that facilitate concentrated, heterogeneous flow are challenging to resolve geologically and geophysically. This is especially the case in evaporite karst systems, such as those
present on the shores of the Dead Sea, where rapid geomorphological changes are linked to a fall in base level by over 35 m since 1967. Here
we combine field observations, remote-sensing analysis, and multiple geophysical surveying methods (shear wave reflection seismics, electrical resistivity tomography, ERT, self-potential, SP, and ground-penetrating radar, GPR) to investigate the nature of subsurface groundwater flow and its interaction with hypersaline Dead Sea water on the rapidly retreating eastern shoreline, near Ghor Al-Haditha in Jordan. Remote-sensing data
highlight links between the evolution of surface stream channels fed by groundwater springs and the development of surface subsidence patterns over
a 25-year period. ERT and SP data from the head of one groundwater-fed channel adjacent to the former lakeshore show anomalies that point to concentrated, multidirectional water flow in conduits located in the shallow subsurface (< 25 m depth). ERT surveys further inland show
anomalies that are coincident with the axis of a major depression and that we interpret as representing subsurface water flow. Low-frequency GPR surveys reveal the limit between unsaturated and saturated zones (< 30 m depth) surrounding the main depression area. Shear wave seismic
reflection data nearly 1 km further inland reveal buried paleochannels within alluvial fan deposits, which we interpret as pathways for
groundwater flow from the main wadi in the area towards the springs feeding the surface streams. Finally, simulations of density-driven flow of
hypersaline and undersaturated groundwaters in response to base-level fall perform realistically if they include the generation of karst conduits near the shoreline. The combined approaches lead to a refined conceptual model of the hydrological and geomorphological processes developed at this
part of the Dead Sea, whereby matrix flow through the superficial aquifer inland transitions to conduit flow nearer the shore where evaporite deposits are encountered. These conduits play a key role in the development of springs, stream channels and subsidence across the study area.
Two subduction-related heterogeneities beneath the Eastern Alps and the Bohemian Massif imaged by high-resolution P-wave tomography
Authors: Plomerová Jaroslava , Žlebčíková Helena , Hetényi György , Vecsey Luděk , Babuška Vladislav ,   the AlpArray-EASI and AlpArray working groups
Published: June 2021

Abstract. We present high-resolution tomographic images of the upper mantle beneath the E. Alps and the adjacent Bohemian Massif (BM) in the North based on data from the AlpArray-EASI and AlpArray Seismic Networks. The tomography locates the Alpine high-velocity perturbations between the Periadriatic Lineament and the Northern Alpine Front. The northward-dipping lithosphere keel is imaged down to ~200–250 km depth, without signs of delamination, and we associate it with the Adriatic plate subduction. Detached high-velocity heterogeneity, sub-parallel to and distinct from the E. Alps heterogeneity is imaged at ~100–200 km depths beneath the southern part of the BM. We associate this heterogeneity with the western end of a SW-NE striking heterogeneity beneath the south-eastern part of the BM, imaged in models of larger extent. The strike, parallel with the Moldanubian/Brunovistulian mantle-lithosphere boundary in the BM and with the westernmost part of the Carpathian front, lead us to consider potential scenarios relating the heterogeneity to (1) a remnant of the delaminated European plate, (2) a piece of continental-and-oceanic lithosphere mixture related to the building of the BM, particularly to the closure of the old Rheic ocean during the MD/BV collision or (3) a lithospheric fragment going through to the NW between the E. Alps and W. Carpathians fronts in a preceding subduction phase. The study is dedicated to our outstanding and respected colleague Vladislav Babuška, who coined innovative views on the European lithosphere and died on March 30, 2021.
Constraining 3D geometric gravity inversion with 2D reflection seismic profile using a generalized level-set approach: application to Eastern Yilgarn craton
Authors: Rashidifard Mahtab , Giraud Jérémie , Lindsay Mark , Jessell Mark , Ogarko Vitaliy
Published: June 2021

Abstract. One of the main tasks in 3D geological modelling is the boundary parametrization of the subsurface from geological observations and geophysical inversions. Several approaches have been developed for geometric inversion and joint inversion of geophysical datasets. However, the robust, quantitative integration of models and datasets with different spatial coverage, resolution, and levels of sparsity remains challenging. One promising approach for recovering the boundary of the geological units is the utilization of a level-set inversion method with potential field data. We focus on constraining 3D geometric gravity inversion with sparse lower-uncertainty information from a 2D seismic section. We use a level-set approach to recover the geometry of geological bodies using two synthetic examples and data from the geologically complex Yamarna terrane (Yilgarn craton, Western Australia). In this study, a 2D seismic section has been used for constraining the location of rock unit boundaries being solved during the 3D gravity geometric inversion. The proposed work is the first we know of that automates the process of adding spatially distributed constraints to the 3D level-set inversion. In many hard-rock geoscientific investigations, seismic data is sparse and our results indicate that unit boundaries from gravity inversion can be much better constrained with seismic information even though they are sparsely distributed within the model. Thus, we conclude that it has the potential to bring the state of the art a step further towards building a 3D geological model incorporating several sources of information in similar regions of investigation.
Marine diatoms in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica – species diversity and regional variability
Authors: Tetzner Dieter R. , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Allen Claire S.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The presence of marine microfossils (diatoms) in glacier ice and ice cores has been documented from numerous sites in Antarctica, Greenland, as well as from sites in the Andes and the Altai mountains, and attributed to entrainment and transport by winds. However, their presence and diversity in snow and ice, especially in polar regions, is not well documented and still poorly understood. Here we present the first data to resolve the regional and temporal distribution of diatoms in ice cores, spanning a 20 year period across four sites in the southern Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. We assess the regional variability in diatom composition and abundance at annual and sub-annual resolution across all four sites. These data corroborate the dominance of contemporary marine diatoms in Antarctic Peninsula ice cores, reveal that the timing and amount of diatoms deposited vary between low and high elevation sites and support existing evidence that marine diatoms have the potential to yield a novel wind paleoenvironmental proxy for ice cores in the southern Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land.