bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le combat pour la laïcité: où en est-on?
Authors: Spencer Samia I.
Published: April 2016

Voilà bientôt un quart de siècle que la question de la laïcité domine l'actualité française, soulevée cette fois non pas par les conflits traditionnels entre l'Etat et l'église catholique comme c'était le cas au début du vingtième siècle, mais par l'arrivée du voile islamique à l'école. Cet essai retrace le contexte historique de la loi sur la laïcité de 1905, son application, et les trois "crises du voile" (1989, 1993 et 2003) ayant mené à la loi sur les signes religieux ostensibles du 15 mars 2004. Sont également analysés les résultats de cette nouvelle loi ainsi que les controverses qu'elle continue à susciter entre les pro-loi et les anti-loi, entre autres, dans l'opinion publique, parmi les féministes, les personnalités politiques, et les syndicats de l'enseignement. Laïcité ou féminisme? La question est loin d'être résolue, puisqu'une nouvelle fois les signes religieux refont surface en 2009, avec la demande d'une soixantaine de députés de la création d'une commission d'enquête parlementaire sur le port de la burqa — le voile intégral — et la mise en place d'une mission d'information sur le sujet.
The Violence of Desire in Amélie Nothomb's Novels
Authors: Hall Elizabeth Berglund
Published: April 2016

Amélie Nothomb's novels may be divided into two large categories, the semi-autobiographical and the purely fictive. In each of these two rubrics, her novels follow a similar plot structure in which each member of a couple torments the other to the point that one of the two cracks and ruptures the pair, usually through an act of violence, either real or imagined. In the two nonautobiographical novels to be considered in this article, Hygiène de l'assassin (1992) and Cosmétique de l'ennemi (2001), there is also, either in the foreground or background of the plot, a heterosexual couple that is violently broken up by the murder of the woman by the man. In two autobiographical novels written around the same time period, Le Sabotage amoureux (1993) and Stupeur et tremblements (1999), a homosexual pairing is eventually broken apart by the progressively more serious self-abasement by one of the two women. In each of these examples, violence is intimately associated with desire and pleasure. Because of the dual nature of this violence (inflicted in order to create pain and pleasure, against the self and other), this article aims to consider whether its representation in Nothomb's work reinforces or reinterprets gender stereotypes, taking as a theoretical basis Hélène Cixous 's understanding of desire in the "masculine" economy and Julie Kristeva's reading of the abject.
Bouche Cousue et La Reine Du Silence : une réconciliation intime et publique
Authors: Vernier-Larochette Béatrice
Published: April 2016

Le but de cette étude est de saisir la motivation du cheminement scriptural de Mazarine Pingeot et de Marie Nimer qui décident à un moment de leur existence de retracer à la manière des récits de filiation l'existence d'un père décédé. Cette entreprise, peu ordinaire à cause de la notoriété des pères, oblige Nimier et Pingeot à prendre connaissance de l'image tant privée que publique de cet individu, renseignements disparates qu'elles confrontent à leurs souvenirs d'enfants peu précis. L'écriture hybride qui en résulte contribue à rétablir une relation filiale, à offrir également à autrui une image complète de leur père et d'elle-même pour se resituer dans un espace public resté trop longtemps inaccessible.
Entretien avec Fatou Diome
Authors: Jurney Florence Ramond , Diome Fatou
Published: April 2016

Fatou Diome, écrivaine franco-sénégalaise vivant à Strasbourg, a attiré l'attention du public et de la critique après son deuxième roman, Le Ventre de l'Atlantique , où l'on retrouve le monde du football et de sa gloire illusoire, ainsi que la discrimination et le racisme dans le contexte de l'immigration. Ces thèmes se retrouvent en écho dans les autres livres de Diome mais ce sont les perspectives et le style narratif qui changent pour offrir aux lecteurs une grande variété de lectures. Dans cet entretien, Fatou Diome parle de sa relation à l'écriture puis de sa venue au féminisme et de sa philosophie actuelle sur la question. Elle se place clairement dans une génération post-coloniale d'Africains qui viennent de territoires décolonisés et dans un espace où la mondialisation est à l'ordre du jour.
Knocking on the City of Ladies' Door: The Transgenerational, Transcendent Friendship of Christine de Pizan and Catherine d'Amboise
Authors: Holderness Julia Simms
Published: April 2016

Christine de Pizan adapted the literary conventions of male intellectual and spiritual friendship to her relationships with contemporary male authors—notably in the debate over Le Roman de la rose —but also to her virtual friendships with deceased and "otherworldly" female authors. Noteworthy examples are Dame Fortune in Le Livre de la Mutacion de Fortune and the "transgenerational spiritual sisterhood" evoked at length in the Livre de la cité des dames , a celebration of women's contributions to culture throughout the ages. A century after Christine's death, Catherine d'Amboise's Complincte de la dame pasmee contre Fortune combines the Boethian tradition that inspired Christine with a "friendly continuation" of the dialogue on the nature of friendship as a source of consolation. By transcending time and space, such an ideal sisterhood empowers women to resist the vicissitudes of Fortune.
Fiber-optic vectorial magnetic-field gradiometry by a spatiotemporal differential optical detection of magnetic resonance in nitrogen–vacancy centers in diamond
Authors: Blakley S. M. , Fedotov I. V. , Amitonova L. V. , Serebryannikov E. E. , Perez Esther , Kilin S. Ya. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: April 2016

Highly sensitive room-temperature vectorial magnetic-field gradiometry
is demonstrated using optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in
fiber-coupled nitrogen–vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. With a bulk
NV-diamond magnetometer coupled to a pair of optical fibers integrated
with a microwave transmission line, the differential ODMR measurements
are implemented in both space and time, with magnetic-field gradient
measurements supplemented with differential ODMR signal detection in
the time domain, allowing efficient noise cancellation and providing a
sensitivity of magnetogradiometry at the level of
10−7  nT/(nmHz1/2) .
Cluster Based Vector Attribute Filtering
Authors: Kiwanuka Fred N. , Wilkinson Michael H.F.
Published: April 2016

Morphological attribute filters operate on images based on properties or attributes of connected
components. Until recently, attribute filtering was based on a single global threshold on a scalar property to
remove or retain objects. A single threshold struggles in case no single property or attribute value has a suitable,
usually multi-modal, distribution. Vector-attribute filtering allows better description of characteristic
features for 2D images. In this paper, we apply vector-attribute filtering to 3D and incorporate unsupervised
pattern recognition, where connected components are classified based on the similarity of feature vectors.
Using a single attribute allows multi-thresholding for attribute filters where more than two classes of structures
of interest can be selected. In vector-attribute filters automatic clustering avoids the need for either
setting very many attribute thresholds, or finding suitable class prototypes in 3D and setting a dissimilarity
threshold. Explorative visualization reduces to visualizing and selecting relevant clusters. We show that the
performance of these new filters is better than those of regular attribute filters in enhancement of objects in
medical images.
Holistic control of ship noise emissions
Authors: Borelli Davide , Gaggero Tomaso , Rizzuto Enrico , Schenone Corrado
Published: April 2016

The sustainability of anthropogenic activities at
sea is recently gaining more and more attention. As regards
shipping, emissions from ships into the environment
of various nature (engine exhaust gases, anti-fouling
paints leaching, ballast exchange, releases at sea of oil
and other noxious liquid or solid cargoes, of sewage and
of garbage) have been recognized as sources of pollution
and therefore controlled and limited since a long time.
The subject of noise emission has been identified only recently.
To study the problem, the EU has funded, among
others, the FP7 SILENV (Ship Innovative soLutions to rEduce
Noise and Vibrations) project that run from 2010 to
2012. In the present work, the holistic approach followed
within the project to characterize and control the ship as
a source of noise is presented. Three types of noise emissions
(in air, in water and inside the ship) are analyzed
highlighting peculiarities and different strategies adopted
to characterize the source, the impact on the receiver and
the possible solutions to set limits to the ship emissions.
The project outcome included a socalled “Green Label”: a
set of new prenormative requirements defined for the three
main areas mentioned above.
Combined temozolomide and ionizing radiation induces galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in a model of human glioma
Authors: Bailey Lauren A. , Jamshidi-Parsian Azemat , Patel Tulsi , Koonce Nathan A. , Diekman Alan B. , Cifarelli Christopher P. , Marples Brian , Griffin Robert J.
Published: April 2016

Background Despite aggressive treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including surgical resection, radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, over 90% of patients experience tumor recurrence. Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are overexpressed in the stroma of GBM tumors, and are potent modulators of GBM cell migration and angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to analyze glioma and endothelial cell galectin expression in response to combined chemoradiation. Methodology The effects of TMZ, ionizing radiation, or combined chemoradiation on galectin protein secretion and expression were assessed in U87 orthotopically grown GBM tumors in mice, as well as in vitro in U87 human glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results We found that combination chemoradiation increased galectin-1 and galectin-3 protein expression in U87 glioma cells. In response to radiation alone, U87 cells secreted significant levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3 into the microenvironment. HUVEC co-culture increased U87 galectin-1 and galectin-3 protein expression 14 - 20% following chemoradiation, and conferred a radioprotective benefit to U87 glioma cells. In vivo, radiation alone and combination chemoradiation significantly increased tumor galectin-1 expression in an orthotopic murine model of GBM. Conclusions Glioma cell galectin expression increased following combined chemoradiation, both in vitro and in vivo. The presence of endothelial cells further increased glioma cell galectin expression and survival, suggesting that crosstalk between tumor and endothelial cells in response to standard chemoradiation may be an important factor in mediating glioma recurrence, potentially via galectin upregulation.
Impacto de los medios de comunicación de masas sobre la opinión pública: ¿sobre los peligros de la adolescencia?
Authors: Sandoval Obando Eduardo
Published: April 2016

Este trabajo buscó reflexionar en torno al tratamiento noticioso que se le brinda, a los episodios de infracción de ley cometidos por adolescentes en Valdivia. Por consiguiente, se procedió al análisis del discurso (Van Dijk, 1990), desde una lógica interpretativa con énfasis en la macroestructura semántica con que se construye y describe la noticia. Dicho análisis nos posibilitó observar que las noticias en que aparecen vinculados jóvenes, expresan un discurso sensacionalista y estigmatizador, que fomenta y perpetúa la reproducción de estereotipos asociados a la adolescencia, caracterizada por la agresividad y la violencia, la transgresión permanente de las normas y el uso de armas para intimidar a otros, como factores explicativos de la conducta delictual. Finalmente, el trabajo refleja el impacto que provocan los medios de comunicación, sobre la opinión pública, fragmentando al sujeto producto de los prejuicios construidos en torno a la adolescencia.
Atención integral a los problemas de convivencia familiar, en una comisaría de familia de la ciudad de Cali
Authors: Mora Anto Adriana , Román Muñoz Miriam , Varela Martínez Valentina
Published: April 2016

En esta investigación cualitativa se abordaron los procesos de atención integral a los problemas de convivencia familiar, en la Comisaria de Familia del sector Ladera en Cali, teniendo en cuenta la perspectiva de los modelos alternativos de resolución del conflicto. La Comisaría cuenta con un protocolo definido para la atención de los casos, además de una ruta de atención. De acuerdo con los Informes Anuales de Labores, en el período comprendido entre 2007 y 2011, se registró la atención de 39.189 personas, siendo más frecuentes las quejas por violencia familiar; adicionalmente, se reciben casos de alimentos, custodias y visitas de menores. La Comisaria prescribe medidas conciliatorias y de protección provisional con las que busca velar por la convivencia familiar.
First-year Daycare and Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Hullegie Saskia , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia , Uiterwaal Cuno S.P.M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Smit Henriette A. , de Hoog Marieke L.A.
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:

Daycare attendance has been associated with increased acute gastroenteritis (AGE) incidence in the first years of life. We investigated the effects of first-year daycare attendance on AGE incidence and primary care contact rate up to age 6 years.

METHODS:

Children enrolled in the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn cohort were managed until age 6 years. Data on primary care diagnosed AGE episodes and number of associated contacts per episode were collected from health records. Children were categorized according to first year daycare attendance and age-month at entry when applicable. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess associations between first-year daycare and AGE incidence or primary care contact rate.

RESULTS:

A total of 1344 out of 2220 children (83%) attended daycare before age 1 year. Overall, the 6-year primary care AGE incidence rate (IR) among first-year daycare attendees and nonattendees was comparable (IR: 12.2/100 vs 13.3/100 child-years). First-year daycare attendees had a higher AGE incidence during the first year (IRR: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.21) and lower during the third to sixth year of age compared with nonattendees (P < .001). The daycare-associated increase in AGE incidence was most pronounced during the first 12 months after enrollment into daycare and demonstrated clear seasonality. A similar pattern was observed for primary care contact rate per AGE episode.

CONCLUSIONS:

First-year daycare attendance advances the timing of AGE infections, resulting in increased AGE disease burden in the first year and relative protection thereafter. Protection against AGE infection persists at least up to age 6 years. Future studies should address whether this protective effect persists during later childhood.
Medical Education and Certification of Physicians in North Korea
Authors: Lee Yoon Seong
Published: April 2016

Although the state of medicine in North Korea is of great interest, there is little information, if any, about the present state of medicine in North Korea. Even North Korea’s laws and regulations on medicine are not publicly available. It is plausible that the dictator’s commands or the policy of the Communist Party may be superior to the nation’s constitution and laws on medical education and much more. Information is only available from a limited number of publications and mainly from the statements of refugees, which differ greatly among themselves. No one refugee could provide authoritative data or information because they were never in the position to see the larger picture or have experience over the long term. However, what is known is that the major health professions in North Korea include physicians (medical doctors), stomatologists (oral doctors), ‘Koryo’ doctors (doctors of Korean traditional medicine), midwives, and nurses. The names and the founding year of each of the regular medical schools are listed along with the change and restoration of names of schools. It is known that there have been quasi-physicians and semi-physicians. However, the reasons for any changes that have taken place also remain unknown. The educational system, curriculum, and even the number of years of training needed to qualify to become a physician have varied from time to time.
A Proposal for the Development of Personnel in the DPRK for Public Health and Medicine
Authors: Kyung Kwae Soo
Published: April 2016

The government of South Korea and its medical personnel must make a way by which health professionals who have escaped from the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK) can play a positive and practical role in unification and south-north medical unification while south-north authority talks on DPRK public health and medicine manpower development are not going smoothly. Medical personnel escaped from the DPRK have to be recruited for the interviewer of the national examination, to improve the accuracy of national examination interviews. For those medical professionals who have escaped from the DPRK with 6 years medical college education, but failed the interview on the national examination, we propose here a course of 3–6 months for them to have a right to apply the Korean Medical Licensing Examinations (KMLE). We also propose that medical professionals who have escaped from the DPRK who have graduated from a 6-year medical college in the DPRK and who are medical doctors over the fifth grade or with more than 6 years of experience can be qualified as unification medical doctors and be exempted from the KMLE, getting the right to go directly into an internship and residency. They should be permitted to work in manpower development projects for the health professions. They should also be given opportunities such as to become psychiatrists who treat the mental illness of persons escaped from the DPRK and people from North Korea after unification. Medical students in South Korea should earn college credits on the topic of medical unification and not only students, but all South Korean medical personnel, should prepare for north-south medical unification with an open mind. A way for each medical college to participate in DPRK manpower development for the health professions through a memorandum of understanding between the medical colleges of the south and north.
Evaluation of the Effects of Feedback and Remediation after Formative Assessment in the Introduction to Clinical Medicine
Authors: Lee Yong Jig , Choi Son Hwan
Published: April 2016

The authors investigated the effect of feedback and remediation after formative assessment (FRFA) by comparing the FRFA score and that of summative assessment (SA) in a course on clinical skills. In March 2015, 33 subjects underwent evaluation of their ability to perform a complex clinical skill using a real-time ready-made mobile assessment form tool, and through e-mail they were supplied with their feedback and final score (the pass group earned 2 points; the intermediate group earned 1 point; the nonpass group earned 0 points) followed by their self-reflection. The nonpass group underwent a re-test and e-mail feedback again until they passed the test, given the ease of performance. In December 2015, the 33 subjects took a 10-item SA, and one of the 10 items addressed a similar clinical skill. The difference between the first score on the FRFA and the score on the SA was evaluated statistically (p=0.05) through data analysis, variance distribution, correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis using SPSS software ver. 16. The increase from the score on the SA to that on the FRFA was statistically significant (4.5±9.29) in the pass group and the intermediate group, and was 29.7±11.49 in the nonpass group of the formative evaluation (p
Cardiorenal syndrome: pathogenesis, clinical picture
Authors: Tsibul’kin N A , Novozhilova A A , Khakimova D M
Published: April 2016

Owing to the commonality of a number of pathogenetic mechanisms, cardiovascular system and kidneys diseases often occur together, mutually exacerbating the severity. The circulatory system and the circulating plasma amount are in many respects regulated by the kidneys functional activity. The parameters of systemic hemodynamics and left ventricular function influence on renal function. The discovery of the mechanisms of renal function impairment influence on the heart state and activity contribute to a fuller understanding of the two systems mutual influence. Currently it is recognized that the frequent combination of cardiovascular and renal diseases based primarily on common pathogenic mechanisms of both forms of pathology and their mutually aggravating influence. In accordance with the modern classification there are five types of cardiorenal syndrome: (1) acute renal dysfunction amid acute-onset cardiac dysfunctions; (2) chronic renal dysfunction due to chronic cardiac pathology; (3) acute cardiac dysfunctions due to acute renal impairment; (4) long-term cardiac and cardiovascular system disorders in patients with chronic renal dysfunction; (5) combined cardiorenal pathology due to other organs and systems dysfunction. The clinical significance of this disease is that doctors of various specialties might face it in their practice: physicians, cardiologists, endocrinologists, resuscitators. Cardiorenal syndrome diagnosis is based on patient constant monitoring in several ways, including laboratory and instrumental indicators, allowing timely suspect the initial stages of this pathology development. This increases the research relevance in this field and clinical value of obtained through them practical conclusions and recommendations, reflected in a number of international documents.
Effectively Teaching Social Work Practice Online: Moving Beyond Can to How
Authors: Forgey Mary Ann , Ortega-Williams Anna
Published: April 2016

Schools of social work are increasingly developing online courses and programs. While the majority of research comparing online and face–to-face courses has found equivalent outcomes, skepticism still exists, particularly about the ability to teach practice courses effectively online. This study adds to the growing body of research within social work that specifically examines the comparative effectiveness of online and face-to-face practice courses. Using an anonymous survey, 23 face-to-face and 12 online students enrolled in two separate sections of social work generalist practice rated the quality of the learning environment, the extent to which the course objectives were met, and the effectiveness of the teaching strategies from the students’ perspective. In addition, scores on assignment rubrics and student course evaluations were also compared. Results indicate no significant differences in learning outcomes as measured by assignment rubric scores, student perceptions of the extent to which learning objectives were met, the quality of the learning environment, and the effectiveness of five of the six teaching strategies used. We recommend that research moves beyond determining if online practice courses are as effective as face-to-face courses, and instead focus on a closer examination of the factors responsible for teaching effectiveness.
Social Media Use in Child Welfare Practice
Authors: Sage Todd Edward , Sage Melanie
Published: April 2016

The scholarly child welfare literature offers little information about the use of social media by child welfare workers. We conducted a study of 171 child welfare workers across several states using an online survey. The resulting data offer insights from workers about current practices related to social media use in a child welfare work setting. Most respondents see social media as an acceptable tool for conducting child welfare assessments. Respondents describe strains and benefits of social media use. It is recommended that agencies provide guidance on ethical decision-making for using social media as a work-related tool. Agencies should also provide policy clearly defining social media use and misuse.
REINVENTAR: ESCRITÓRIO MODELO DE ARQUITETURA SOCIAL
Authors: Amorim Rafael Ponce de Leon , Telles Ruan
Published: April 2016

O processo de autoconstrução é característico das áreas urbanas e rurais de baixa renda. Sem acesso aos serviços de engenharia e arquitetura e sem o conhecimento das normas técnicas vigentes, esse processo resulta na concepção de ambientes desconfortáveis, subdimensionados e, até mesmo, insalubres. Além disso, a ausência do projeto de arquitetura acarreta maior desperdício de materiais, gastos desnecessários e aumento do tempo de execução da obra. No ambiente rural, estas dificuldades são potencializadas devido à dificuldade de acesso à informação, aos profissionais capacitados, aos recursos financeiros e aos materiais de construção adequados. Neste sentido, o presente artigo relata a experiência de um projeto de extensão, vinculado ao núcleo de extensão Campo Solar, que atua como um escritório modelo de arquitetura social no Campus Cajazeiras do IFPB, atendendo os assentamentos localizados na região do Alto Sertão da Paraíba. No primeiro período do projeto, trabalhou-se com as demandas de alguns espaços coletivos que visam produzir lucro a toda comunidade, promovendo a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos moradores.
PROJETART EMPRESA JUNIOR DE CONSULTORIA EM ATIVIDADES DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL.
Authors: Dantas Anna Aline Roque Santana , Formiga Niara Fernandes Barbosa , Medeiros Layse Dantas de , Macedo José Henrique da Silva , Santos Joseph Hakkinen Alves
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas pela empresa júnior "Projetart", de consultoria e assessoria na área de construção, em funcionamento no Instituto de Educação, ciência e tecnologia da Paraíba, atuante no Campus Picuí desde 2013. A Projetart é uma Associação Civil sem fins lucrativos, constituída por estudantes e professores, com a missão de ampliar o conhecimento prático dos conteúdos ministrados em sala de aula. São desenvolvidos pelos alunos serviços como levantamento topográfico, projeto arquitetônico e orçamento de obras, orientados por professores/profissionais especializados. Os benefícios advindos da Empresa Júnior também são relevantes para a sociedade, visto que ela se transforma em uma alternativa atraente para a população contratar serviços de qualidade com baixo custo. Com isso, a comunidade vence os obstáculos da falta de profissionais e do   constante desconhecimento das técnicas construtivas necessárias para realizar pequenas obras. No ano de 2015, um dos projetos executados pela equipe foi de uma edificação residencial multifamiliar com dois pavimentos. O projeto foi um desafio para os estudantes, mas resultou em uma proposta surpreendente para o beneficiário interessado.
Aspectos da Cultura de Organizações Brasileiras Internacionalizadas
Authors: Oliveira Ronielton Rezende , Boldorini Patricia Souza Amaral Tardivo , Oliveira Roniton Rezende , Lima Juvêncio Braga de
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo constituiu uma investigação científica, a qual por meio da revisão de literatura articulada, buscou apresentar os efeitos da cultura nacional na construção de culturas organizacionais e sua consideração em processos de internacionalização de empresas. O artigo apresenta uma descrição histórica do pensamento estratégico, discute a cultura brasileira e a respectiva influência nas ações de internacionalização das empresas, no aspecto de convivência com culturas estrangeiras. Procurou-se evidenciar, assim, alguns traços da cultura brasileira que podem ser objeto de consideração nos processos de internacionalização de empresas brasileiras. Por fim, sugere-se que a flexibilidade é um traço bem representativo do brasileiro, pois implica em capacidade de adaptação e forma para estabelecer relação de confiança com estrangeiros.
¿Territorios o aglomerados de exclusión?
Authors: Pierola Ramiro Rojas
Published: April 2016

Entender la coexistencia contemporánea no solo en realidades Latinoamericanas, como en el caso específico de la América andina, de la reciprocidad ancestral y el intercambio mercantil informal e ilegal moderno-, lógicas expresadas en este artículo como territorio y aglomerado de exclusión respectivamente-, implica discutir las consecuencias del entrelazamiento de lo urbano popular con los usos y costumbres rurales y comunitarias en las ciudades. Analizar la confrontación de racionalidades hegemónicas, encarnadas en el Estado y el mercado por un lado, y en las poblaciones populares y comunidades andinas (en este caso) por el otro, permite recuperar la lógica ancestral de reproducción social y económica perviviente y propia de la región, en los contextos urbanos contemporáneos. Ese cruce de racionalidades en juego es sin duda el núcleo de este artículo, donde enfocamos en esta oportunidad la constitución de un gran aglomerado de exclusión en la ciudad de El Alto. El objeto empírico es la inacabable existencia de la gran Feria 16 de Julio de la ciudad de El Alto, Bolivia, que sostiene no solo la historia de las ancestrales y jóvenes ferias andinas, sino también la personificación –estigma del comercio ilegal, informal y subalterno de la ciudad y su peso en la economía  urbana y de la región. Se rastrea su evolución a través de la reconstrucción histórica de la conformación de El Alto y los acontecimientos que influyeron para la definición de las nuevas identidades individuales y colectivas en la feria, en su carácter de espacio social ¿Qué se construye en la feria de El Alto? ¿Qué tipo de sociedad? ¿Qué tipo de intercambio? Estas preguntas enmarcan una cuestión central del estudio: ¿Es la Feria 16 de julio un territorio o un vasto aglomerado de exclusión?
Profilaxis tromboembólica en pacientes posparto. Estudio de corte transversal en tres instituciones en Colombia
Authors: Silva-Herrera Jaime Luis , Duque-Giraldo Marco Antonio , Torres-Chaparro Camilo , Sanín-Blair José Enrique , Niño-Peña Magda Lizeth , Higuita-Rendón Ana María
Published: April 2016

Objetivo: describir el nivel de riesgo de enfermedad tromboembólica en pacientes posparto y hacer una aproximación al uso actual de la tromboprofilaxis.

Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se incluyeron pacientes que fueron hospitalizadas para atención de parto entre agosto de 2012 y abril de 2013 en tres instituciones generales de alta complejidad en Bogotá y Medellín. Se aplicó la Guía de manejo del Royal College Obstetrics & Gynecology (RCOG) para establecer el riesgo de enfermedad tromboembólica. Las pacientes fueron evaluadas en el posparto y clasificadas en alto, intermedio y bajo riesgo. Se midió la frecuencia real de aplicación de tromboproilaxis. Los resultados se presentan como proporciones.

Resultados: se evaluaron un total de 3516 pacientes, el 1,9 % de las pacientes fueron clasificadas como de alto riesgo, 42 % de riesgo medio y 56,1 % de riesgo bajo. La tromboprofilaxis solo se aplicó a un 7,4 % de las pacientes con alto riesgo y riesgo intermedio.

Conclusión: según los criterios de la Guía del RCOG, un 43,9 % de las pacientes tendrían indicación de tromboprofilaxis; sin embargo, solo un 7,4 % de ellas la recibió. Se requieren estudios complementarios para evaluar los riesgos y beneficios del uso de la tromboprofilaxis según la guía del Reino Unido.
Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers and Their Association With Periodontal and Diabetes‐Related Factors in the Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial, A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Michalowicz Bryan S. , Hou Wei , Schoenfeld Elinor , Gelato Marie , Engebretson Steven P. , Reddy Michael S. , Hyman Leslie
Published: April 2016

Background: The present study evaluates effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on serum biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) and chronic periodontitis who participated in the Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial (DPTT); and associations among diabetes markers, serum biomarkers, and periodontal measures in these patients.

Methods: DPTT participants randomized to receive immediate or delayed non‐surgical periodontal therapy were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Serum samples from 475 participants with 6‐month data were analyzed for the following biomarkers: 1) high sensitivity C‐reactive protein; 2) E‐selectin; 3) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α; 4) vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM); 5) interleukin (IL)‐6; 6) IL‐8; 7) intercellular adhesion molecule; and 8) IL‐10. Changes in biomarker levels from baseline and correlations among biomarker levels and clinical findings were analyzed.

Results: No differences between treatment and control groups were observed for any biomarkers at baseline or 6 months (P >0.05 for all variables). VCAM levels increased by an average (standard deviation) of 17.9 (99.5); ng/mL (P = 0.006) and E‐selectin decreased by 2.33 (16.08) ng/mL (P = 0.03) in the treatment group after 6 months. E‐selectin levels were significantly correlated with DM‐related variables (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and fasting glucose) at baseline and with 6‐month change in both groups; no significant correlations were found among periodontal clinical parameters and serum biomarkers or DM‐related variables. Neither HbA1c or body mass index varied during the study period in either study group.

Conclusions: Non‐surgical periodontal therapy and periodontal disease severity were not associated with significant changes in serum biomarkers in DPTT participants during the 6‐month follow‐up. Correlations among changes in E‐selectin, IL‐6, and DM‐related variables suggest that t2DM may be the primary driver of systemic inflammation in these patients.
Investigating Inspiring English Lecturers in a Faith-Based Educational Institution: EFL Learners’ Perception
Authors: Iftanti Erna
Published: April 2016

This article describes English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ perception on an inspiring English lecturer. This study was done through a survey to 230 EFL learners of State Islamic Institute of Tulungagung, a small district in East Java- Indonesia, in order to get underlying basis of making a decision on learning policies for the sake of creating inspiring English teachers who are influential toward the success of English teaching and learning process. The instrument- Strategy Inventory for Students’ Perception on Inspiring English Lecturers (SISPIEL)- was developed in accordance to reviewing some related research articles about an inspiring teacher. The study reveals that to be an inspiring English lecturer, one should posses three skills namely attitudinal skills which are divided into three areas i.e. intellectual, emotional and spiritual, in addition to teaching technique strategies and skills of changing students’ learning style. Finally, the results of this study offers pedagogical considerations which are mainly useful for those running teacher training education program and those who are concerned in English education as well as suggestions for future research
A New Algorithm for Multiphase-Fluid Characterization for Solvent Injection
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Okuno Ryosuke
Published: April 2016

Compositional simulation of solvent injection requires reliable characterization of reservoir fluids by use of an equation of state (EOS). Under the uncertainty associated with nonidentifiable components, reservoir fluids are conventionally characterized in the absence of universal methodology. This is true even for relatively simple fluids involving only the gaseous (V) and oleic (L1) phases. No systematic method has been presented for characterization of more-complex fluids, exhibiting three hydrocarbon phases: the V, L1, and solvent-rich-liquid (L2) phases.

This paper presents a new algorithm for systematic characterization of multiphase behavior for solvent-injection simulation. The reliability of the method comes mainly from the binary-interaction parameters (BIPs) newly developed for the Peng-Robinson (PR) (Peng and Robinson 1976, 1978) EOS to represent three-phase behavior, including upper critical endpoints, for n-alkane and carbon dioxide (CO2)/n-alkane binaries. The regression part in fluid characterization broadly follows the concept of perturbation from n-alkanes, which was successfully applied for simpler two-phase fluids in our prior research. The algorithm, in its simplest form, uses only the saturation pressure and liquid density at a given composition and reservoir temperature.

Case studies are presented to demonstrate the reliability of the algorithm for 90 reservoir fluids and their mixtures with solvents. Predictions are compared with experimental data for up to three phases. Results show that the simple algorithm developed in this research enables the PR-EOS to predict multiphase behavior in spite of the limited data used in the regression. Without the use of the BIPs developed in this research, the PR-EOS may fail to predict three phases, or may provide erroneous three-phase predictions.
Rebecca's Coffee and Tea House: A Strategic Mapping and Balanced Scorecard Case Study
Authors: Kohlmeyer James M. , Samuels Janet A.
Published: April 2016

This case is designed to be used in an undergraduate or M.B.A. managerial/cost accounting course. The case asks students to act as advisors to the owner of a relatively new coffee and tea house. Students' familiarity with coffee houses enhances the real-life application of cost/managerial concepts in the case. The primary learning objectives include understanding quality costs, developing a strategy map, designing a balanced scorecard (BSC), analyzing how some of the BSC measures would be captured and monitored, and articulating the advantages/disadvantages of linking a BSC to employee evaluation. The small business is easily understood by students and, therefore, the case allows for rich class discussion.
Evaluation of intracranial neoplasia and noninfectious meningoencephalitis in dogs by use of short echo time, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 3.0 Tesla
Authors: Carrera Inés , Richter Henning , Beckmann Katrin , Meier Dieter , Dennler Matthias , Kircher Patrick R.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE To investigate metabolite concentrations of the brains of dogs with intracranial neoplasia or noninfectious meningoencephalitis by use of short echo time, single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) at 3.0 T.

ANIMALS 29 dogs with intracranial lesions (14 with neoplasia [3 oligodendromas, 3 glioblastomas multiformes, 3 astrocytomas, 2 lymphomas, and 3 meningiomas] and 15 is with noninfectious meningoencephalitis) and 10 healthy control dogs.

PROCEDURES Short echo time, single voxel 1H-MRS at 3.0 T was performed on neoplastic and noninfectious inflammatory intracranial lesions identified with conventional MRI. Metabolites of interest included N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), total choline, creatine, myoinositol, the glutamine-glutamate complex (Glx), glutathione, taurine, lactate, and lipids. Data were analyzed with postprocessing fitting algorithm software. Metabolite concentrations relative to brain water content were calculated and compared with results for the healthy control dogs, which had been previously evaluated with the same 1H MRS technique.

RESULTS NAA, creatine, and Glx concentrations were reduced in the brains of dogs with neoplasia and noninfectious meningoencephalitis, whereas choline concentration was increased. Concentrations of these metabolites differed significantly between dogs with neoplasia and dogs with noninfectious meningoencephalitis. Concentrations of NAA, creatine, and Glx were significantly lower in dogs with neoplasia, whereas the concentration of choline was significantly higher in dogs with neoplasia. Lipids were predominantly found in dogs with high-grade intra-axial neoplasia, meningioma, and necrotizing meningoencephalitis. A high concentration of taurine was found in 10 of 15 dogs with noninfectious meningoencephalitis.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 1H MRS provided additional metabolic information about intracranial neoplasia and noninfectious meningoencephalitis in dogs.
Comparison of visual metric and planimetry methods for brain tumor measurement in dogs
Authors: Thomson Chris B. , Haynes Kevin H. , Pluhar G. Elizabeth
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE To compare the orthogonal diameter (visual metric) method against a manual perimeter tracing (planimetry) method to measure volume of brain tumors in dogs by use of MRI scans.

SAMPLE 22 sets of MRI brain scans pertaining to 22 client-owned dogs with histologically confirmed glioma.

PROCEDURES MRI scans were reviewed by 2 operators, and scans revealing tumors with a degree of gadolinium enhancement that allowed discrimination between tumor tissue and healthy parenchyma were used. Each operator calculated tumor volume for each set of scans twice by use of visual metric and planimetry methods. Inter- and intraoperator variability were assessed by calculation of an agreement index (AI).

RESULTS Mean ± SD intraoperator AIs were 0.79 ± 0.24 for the visual metric method and 0.89 ± 0.17 for the planimetry method. Intraoperator variability for both operators was significantly less when the planimetry method was used than when the visual metric method was used. No significant differences were identified in mean interoperator AI between visual metric (0.68 ± 0.28) and planimetry (0.67 ± 0.31) methods.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The lower intraoperator variability achieved with the planimetry versus visual metric method should result in more precise volume assessments when the same operator performs multiple volume measurements of brain tumors in dogs. Equivocal results for interoperator variability may have been due to method variance or inadequate preliminary training. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the suitability of planimetry for assessing response to treatment.
Ultrasonographic predictors of response of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) to hormonal treatment for induction of ovarian development
Authors: Müller Anna V. , McEvoy Fintan J. , Tomkiewicz Jonna , Politis Sebastian N. , Amigo José M.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE To examine ultrasonographic predictors of ovarian development in European eels (Anguilla anguilla) undergoing hormonal treatment for assisted reproduction.

ANIMALS 83 female European eels.

PROCEDURES Eels received weekly IM injections of salmon pituitary extract (first injection = week 1). Ultrasonography of the ovaries was performed twice during hormonal treatment (weeks 7 and 11). Eels were identified on the basis of body weight as having an adequate response by weeks 14 to 20 or an inadequate response after injections for 21 weeks. Eels were euthanized at the end of the experiment and classified by use of ovarian histologic examination. Ovarian cross-sectional area and size of eel (ie, length3) were used to classify eels (fast responder, slow responder, or nonresponder) and to calculate an ultrasonographic-derived gonadosomatic index. Gray-level co-occurrence matrices were calculated from ovarian images, and 22 texture features were calculated from these matrices.

RESULTS The ultrasonographic-derived gonadosomatic index differed significantly between fast responders and slow responders or nonresponders at both weeks 7 and 11. Principal component analysis revealed a pattern of separation between the groups, and partial least squares discriminant analysis revealed signals in the ovarian texture that discriminated females that responded to treatment from those that did not.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ovarian texture information in addition to morphometric variables can enhance ultrasonographic applications for assisted reproduction of eels and potentially other fish species. This was a novel, nonlethal method for classifying reproductive response of eels and the first objective texture analysis performed on ultrasonographic images of the gonads of fish.
Evaluation of a feline-specific multiplex, bead-based assay for detection of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and other immunologically active proteins in serum and plasma samples from cats
Authors: Halpin Rachel E. , Saunders Rebecca S. , Thompson Beverly J. , Rohde Newgent Allison S. , Amorim Juliana , Melillo Gabrielle N. , DeClue Amy E.
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE To evaluate a feline-specific multiplex, bead-based assay system for detection of recombinant and native proteins in serum samples and in EDTA-treated and heparinized plasma samples.

SAMPLE Serum samples and EDTA-treated and heparinized plasma samples from 30 sick cats and 9 healthy client-owned cats and heparinized whole blood samples from 5 healthy purpose-bred cats.

PROCEDURES Ability of the assay system to detect 19 recombinant and native immunologically active proteins in plasma and serum samples from healthy and purpose-bred cats was evaluated via spike-and-recovery tests, assessments of inter- and intra-assay variation, linearity results, and leukocyte stimulation. Effects of various concentrations of heparin and serum matrix solution on percentages of analytes recovered were also evaluated. Analyte concentrations in samples from healthy and sick cats were measured and compared between groups.

RESULTS Percentages of analytes recovered were unsatisfactory for most assays. Serum and heparinized plasma samples yielded better recovery results than did EDTA-treated plasma samples. Use of serum matrix solution did not improve results. Use of heparin concentrations greater than the recommended range affected the results. Linearity of results was difficult to assess because of the poor recovery. For the analytes that were recovered sufficiently for assessment, linearity appeared to be reasonable despite the limited detection.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Poor percentages of analytes recovered and adverse effects of sample protein matrix limited the usefulness of the multiplex, bead-based assay system for measurement of immunologically active proteins in solutions with high protein content; however, recovery results were fairly linear, potentially allowing evaluation of feline plasma or serum samples with high analyte concentrations.
Antimicrobial resistance trends among Salmonella isolates obtained from horses in the northeastern United States (2001–2013)
Authors: Cummings Kevin J. , Perkins Gillian A. , Khatibzadeh Sarah M. , Warnick Lorin D. , Aprea Victor A. , Altier Craig
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE To describe the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates obtained from horses in the northeastern United States and to identify trends in resistance to select antimicrobials over time.

SAMPLE 462 Salmonella isolates from horses.

PROCEDURES Retrospective data were collected for all Salmonella isolates obtained from equine specimens that were submitted to the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2013. Temporal trends in the prevalence of resistant Salmonella isolates were investigated for each of 13 antimicrobials by use of the Cochran-Armitage trend test.

RESULTS The prevalence of resistant isolates varied among antimicrobials and ranged from 0% (imipenem) to 51.5% (chloramphenicol). During the observation period, the prevalence of resistant isolates decreased significantly for amoxicillin—clavulanic acid, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, ceftiofur, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline and remained negligible for amikacin and enrofloxacin. Of the 337 isolates for which the susceptibility to all 13 antimicrobials was determined, 138 (40.9%) were pansusceptible and 192 (57.0%) were multidrug resistant (resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes). The most common serovar isolated was Salmonella Newport, and although the annual prevalence of that serovar decreased significantly over time, that decrease had only a minimal effect on the observed antimicrobial resistance trends.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that current antimicrobial use in horses is not promoting the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella strains in the region served by the laboratory.