bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Reproductive Performance and Husbandry Practices of Horro and Crossbred Cattle Under Smallholder in Sibu Sire District of East Wollega Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Deresa Abriham Kebede , Kitessa Jiregna Dugassa , Terefa Yobsan Tamiru
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The reproductive and production performance of dairy cows determines the profitability of a dairy farm.

Method

A questionnaire survey was used to assess reproductive performance and husbandry practices by using 100 randomly selected animal owners.

Result

Seventy‐nine percent of animal owners involved were men, ages between 30 and 60. Their education was as follows: 26% were illiterate, 67% in primary school and 7% in secondary school. Ninety‐five percent of them managed their animals extensively and used natural mating and breeding practices (75%). AFS in months were 46.83 ± 0.65 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 46.00 ± 1.36 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 47.08 ± 0.99 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 47.29 ± 0.51 in Waligalte. AFC in months were 56.68 ± 0.97 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 58.00 ± 1.36 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 57.23 ± 1.41 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 56.24 ± 1.13 in Waligalte. ANSPCs were 1.85 ± 0.08 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 1.67 ± 0.14 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 1.54 ± 0.14 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 2.00 ± 0.10 in Waligalte. The mean length of CI in months was 30.88 ± 0.90 in Ada Buke Warego, 29.00 ± 1.68 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 28.62 ± 1.62 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 31.06 ± 1.04 in Waligalte. The average year of longevity was 9.22 ± 0.7 in Ada‐Buke Warego, 9.08 ± 0.8 in Hagalo‐Tulam, 9.31 ± 0.13 in Dicho Aba‐Garmama and 9.21 ± 0.8 in Waligalte, but there is no significant association (p ≥ 0.05). AFC in months was 48.00 ± 0.00 in local and 37.20 ± 1.30 in crossbreeds. ANSPC was 1.92 ± 0.06 in locals and 1.10 ± 0.10 in hybrids. AFC for Horro and crossbred dairy cattle were 57.73 ± 0.59 and 48.00 ± 0.00 months, respectively. The mean length of CI was 30.53 ± 0.67 and 29.40 ± 1.99 months in natives and crossbreeds, respectively. The average year of longevity was 9.22 ± 0.05 and 9.10 ± 0.10 years for local and hybrids, respectively. ANSPC for natural mating and AI were 1.92 ± 0.05 and 1.10 ± 0.10, respectively, with significant association (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The reproductive performance of dairy cows in the study area was low, which required the improvement of husbandry practices.
Pregnancy toxaemia in an Aleppo goat herd
Authors: Okulmus Caglar , Turkyilmaz Ozhan , Turan Deniz , Topcuoglu Huseyin , Ozdamar Nevin
Published: November 2024

This study investigates a case of pregnancy toxaemia resulting from inadequate nutritional management in goats. The samples were collected following observed mortality cases among pregnant goats in a herd consisting of 286 Aleppo goats and 175 Awassi sheep in the Şahinbey district of Gaziantep province, Turkey. The study included anamnesis, clinical examination of the herd, anatomohistopathological examination of a goat carcase, and laboratory tests on sera from 32 goats and six sheep. Clinical findings, postmortem examination and laboratory results demonstrated that changes in the ration during pregnancy led to pregnancy toxaemia in the goats carrying multiple fetuses. The case report also provides significant insights into the development and outcomes of pregnancy toxaemia in the prepartum period in goats carrying multiple fetuses. Finally, this study underscores the critical importance of carefully planning and implementing a balanced and adequate nutritional management strategy to prevent pregnancy toxaemia, particularly in small ruminants carrying multiple fetuses.
Changing snow conditions are challenging moose (Alces alces) surveys in Alaska
Authors: Brinkman Todd J. , Kellie Kalin A. , Reinking Adele K. , Liston Glen E. , Boelman Natalie T.
Published: November 2024

Snow conditions are changing rapidly across our planet, which has important implications for wildlife managers. In Alaska, USA, the later arrival of snow is challenging wildlife managers' ability to conduct aerial fall (autumn) moose (Alces alces) surveys. Complete snow cover is required to reliably detect and count moose using visual observation from an aircraft. With inadequate snow to help generate high‐quality moose survey data, it is difficult for managers to determine if they are effectively meeting population goals and optimizing hunting opportunities. We quantified past relationships and projected future trends between snow conditions and moose survey success across 7 different moose management areas in Alaska using 32 years (1987–2019) of moose survey data and modeled snow data. We found that modeled mean snow depth was 15 cm (SD = 11) when moose surveys were initiated, and snow depths were greater in years when surveys were completed compared to years when surveys were canceled. Further, we found that mean snow depth toward the beginning of the survey season (1 November) was the best predictor of whether a survey was completed in any given year. Based on modeled conditions, the trend in mean snow depth on 1 November declined from 1980 to 2020 in 5 out of 7 survey areas. These findings, coupled with future projections, indicated that by 2055, the delayed onset of adequate snow accumulation in the fall will prevent the completion of moose surveys over roughly 60% of Alaska's managed moose areas at this time of the year. Our findings can be used by wildlife managers to guide decisions related to the future reliability of aerial fall moose surveys and help to identify timelines for development of alternate measurement and monitoring methods.
Experimental Charge Density Study of Hypersilyl Sulfur Diimide
Authors: Stark Paula A. M. , Kumar Lavanya , Rüttger Franziska , Rachuy Katharina , Herbst‐Irmer Regine , Stalke Dietmar
Published: November 2024

In here three newly synthesized silyl substituted sulfur diimides S(NSi(SiMe3)3)2 (2), S(NSi(NMe2)3)2 (3) and S(NSiHiPr2)2 (4) are presented. 2 is characterised by experimental charge density investigations and compared to the di‐tert‐butyl sulfur diimide S(NtBu)2 (1). While the silylation seems not to have much impact on the sulfur‐nitrogen bonding the increase of negative charge at the nitrogen atoms is obvious. Hence, the silylated molecules should be better donors in metal chelation, provided the change from the genuine E/Z conformation to E/E is facilitated. Indeed, their calculated free energy gaps between initial and transition states, related to the rotation of the silyl substituted derivatives 2–4, interestingly found via different rearrangements, turned out to be only a third of that of 1, despite of changing the substituents linked to the Si atoms. This is due to the longer and more polar N−Si bonds compared to the N−C bonds.
Gallium Methylene Ga8(CH2)12 on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Spiridopoulos Georgios , Liang Yucang , Anwander Reiner
Published: November 2024

Gallium methylene Ga8(CH2)12 was grafted onto large‐pore mesoporous silica SBA‐15500 and silica MCM‐41500 with smaller mesopores, each thermally pretreated at 500 °C. For comparability reasons, trimethylgallium was employed as a grafting reagent. The hybrid materials Ga8(CH2)12@SBA‐15500, GaMe3@SBA‐15500, Ga8(CH2)12@MCM‐41500 and GaMe3@MCM‐41500 were characterized by ICP‐OES, N2 physisorption, elemental analysis, solid‐state 1H/13C/29Si NMR spectroscopy and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. To gain further insight into potential surface species, the molecular compound Ga8(CH2)12 was treated with excess (eight equivalents) of HOSi(OtBu)3, which gave the dimeric species [Me2Ga{OSi(OtBu)3}]2, being isolable also from the reaction of GaMe3 with one equivalent of silanol. The hybrid materials revealed high metal contents and surface species with intact Ga−CH2−Ga linkages as proposed by NMR spectroscopy and their reactivity toward benzophenone.
Watching Others Mirror: Explaining the Range of Third-Party Inferences from Imitation
Authors: Powell Lindsey J. , Winkielman Piotr
Published: November 2024

Imitation is important in social life, manifesting in various forms and serving diverse functions. This chapter concerns socially oriented imitation, wherein the imitator adopts others’ arbitrary or idiosyncratic behaviors primarily for social reasons. While this form of imitation impacts dyadic interactions, it’s also observable by third parties. We review evidence concerning third-party inferences from imitation across the lifespan, spanning from infancy to adulthood. We propose that a simple concept of social affiliation, embedded within an intuitive (naïve) psychological theory, accounts for the pattern of inferences drawn from observing imitation. Essentially, observers assume that imitators, by either imitating or not, reveal whether they adopt concern for the models’ utilities, encompassing their welfare and values. Young observers typically draw positive inferences from such imitative behaviors. However, as observers mature and master understanding of social dynamics, their inferences become increasingly nuanced. They take into account factors like intention, mutual knowledge, social skills, theory of mind, and social strategies. Consequently, this can lead observers to form negative inferences about the imitators and express a preference for non-imitators or counter-imitators. Our proposed explanation sheds light not only on inferences from third-party or first-party mimicry but also more broadly on the social inferences that guide our interpersonal interactions.
Emotional Mimicry
Authors: Hess Ursula , Fischer Agneta
Published: November 2024

Human mimicry is defined as the imitation or matching of the nonverbal behaviors of others (Hess et al., Mimicry: facts and fiction. In: The social context of nonverbal behavior. Studies in emotion and social interaction. Cambridge University Press, 1999). The present chapter will focus on emotional mimicry, that is, the mimicry of nonverbal behaviors that signal emotions, such as facial (Hess and Fischer, Personal Soc Psychol Rev 17:142–157, 2013) and vocal expressions (Neumann and Strack, J Personal Soc Psychol 79:211–223, 2000) or emotional postures (Magnée et al., Neuroreport 18:369–372, 2007). This chapter first differentiates mimicry from other phenomena that may also result in matched behaviors. This is followed by a brief historical overview and a short discussion of theories of emotional mimicry. Finally, more recent theoretical approaches that focus on top-down effects on mimicry are discussed.
Asylum for Containment
Authors: Spijkerboer Thomas
Published: November 2024

EU arrangements for cooperation with third countries in the field of asylum and migration seek to contain refugees on territories outside the EU, at the same time the European Union undertakes action to support refugees in third countries and promotes the adoption of asylum legislation in third countries, as evident from fieldwork in Niger, Serbia, Tunisia and Türkiye. The European Union sees the policies aiming at containment and at improving the asylum systems in third countries as closely related. However, from the perspective of third countries, there is a tension between asylum and containment; they do want to improve their asylum system, but they do not want to be the place where refugees and asylum seekers are contained. This chapter offers an insight into EU migration cooperation with Niger, Serbia, Tunisia and Türkiye on the points of cooperation, democracy and rule of law, leading to the conclusion that refugee protection in third countries is less effective than it could be if promoting asylum were not to be part of European containment policies.
Cooperation for Containment: An Analysis of the EU-Türkiye Arrangements in the Field of Migration
Authors: Ulusoy Orçun , Yigit-Aksu Özgenur , Ineli-Ciger Meltem , Ovacik Gamze
Published: November 2024

Due to its strategic location, Türkiye has been a transit country for most migrants and refugees and a necessary stop on their way to Europe. However, while Türkiye is a party to the 1951 Refugee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, it has limited its international law obligations to refugees fleeing “events occurring in Europe” and generally avoided regulating the field and establishing a national framework until early 2000s. Largely driven by the EU accession processes, Türkiye implemented legislative, institutional and policy reforms related to asylum and began making gradual changes to align its asylum and migration structures to the EU framework from 2001. Cooperation between the EU and Türkiye in the field of asylum and migration significantly changed with the so-called migration crisis in the EU in 2015. The EU-Türkiye Statement in 2016 which foresaw deliverance of one of the most significant financial assistances of the EU history relating to migrants, became a symbol -for both critics and supporters- of the EU external migration policies. This chapter based on the extensive fieldwork conducted in Türkiye between June and October 2021, analyses the political, legal and financial instruments through which the EU and Türkiye have cooperated in the field of migration and asylum between 2015 and 2021. The analysis focuses on the three main instruments: the EU- Türkiye Statement of March 2016, the EU- Türkiye Readmission Agreement, and the Facility for Refugees in Türkiye (FRiT) and these instruments are analysed on six points; transparency, accountability, conformity with international law, results, promoting containment or mobility and finally, the alignment with the Global Compact on Refugees (GCR).
EU Third Country Arrangements: Human Rights Compatibility and Attribution of Responsibility
Authors: Kienast Julia , Tan Nikolas Feith , Vedsted-Hansen Jens
Published: November 2024

This chapter examines specific forms of EU cooperation with third countries that give rise to questions of compatibility with international, European and EU human rights law. The chapter further applies principles of responsibility attribution under general international law and international and European human rights law to multi-actor migration management situations. In particular, we identify four types of EU arrangements with third countries that raise questions of human rights compatibility or responsibility attribution: the use of safe third country concepts; return and readmission agreements; funding, equipment and training of border control and migration management authorities in third states; and the deployment of Frontex officers in third states, most notably joint operations undertaken by Frontex in Serbia. The chapter provides an account of the principles of attribution of responsibility under general international law for both the EU and its Member States, as well as the principles of responsibility attribution under relevant international and European human rights law instruments with a focus on the extraterritorial application of key treaties. Finally, we apply these principles to the specific forms of EU cooperation, suggesting situations where the conduct of the EU or its Member States may lead to attribution of responsibility for breaches of fundamental rights.
Conclusions: The Interplay Between Containment and Mobility in Asylum Governance
Authors: Carrera Nunez Sergio , Karageorgiou Eleni , Ovacik Gamze , Tan Nikolas Feith
Published: November 2024

This chapter brings together cross-cutting findings from across the contributions. The chapter highlights ongoing dynamics of contained mobility across asylum governance instruments globally. The chapter further unpacks the relativisation of refugeehood, as concepts of ‘refugee’ and ‘protection’ remain contested across many jurisdictions around the world. Emerging asylum governance actors and instruments tend to relabel and reconstrue people on the move. These dynamics are underscored by the content of the GCR—while it is expressly anchored in the international protection, the GCR is silent on issues such as access to territory, the right to asylum, containment and externalisation initiatives.
Defining a Privacy Ethical Framework for Service Design
Authors: Parrilli Davide M.
Published: November 2024

This chapter defines an ethical framework for privacy in service design, emphasizing the necessity for such a framework on ethical grounds. The framework is described as ethical, universal, human-centered, heuristic, and evolutionary, serving as a tool to help service designers understand and apply informational privacy in their work. It comprises 10 principles, each elaborated through real and speculative case studies, aimed at creating privacy-protecting and privacy-enhancing products. These principles, while increasingly practice-oriented, are immediately implementable and focus on both the users and stakeholders of service design solutions. Key aspects of the framework include transparency, interactions, security, freedom, moral agency, user experience, usability, and understandability. The chapter concludes by discussing the potential challenges and opportunities associated with implementing this privacy ethical framework for service design.
Conclusions
Authors: Parrilli Davide M.
Published: November 2024

In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive overview of the concluding remarks and implications of our research. We reflect on the key findings and their impact on the field, offering insights into how our work contributes to existing knowledge and practice. Additionally, we outline our plans for future investigations, highlighting potential avenues for further exploration and development. By discussing upcoming research directions and anticipated developments, we aim to provide readers with a clear understanding of how our work will evolve and influence future studies and practices in the field.
Multimodales Mobilitätsverhalten und monomodale Autonutzung im Vergleich
Authors: Graf Anne
Published: November 2024

Multimodale Mobilität wird in dieser Arbeit als Zielverhalten untersucht. Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass multimodale Personen weniger Auto fahren als Personen, die ausschließlich das Auto nutzen (Nobis 2007). Außerdem wird angenommen, dass Personen, die bereits verschiedene Verkehrsmittel nutzen, deren Nutzung leichter ausbauen können, da sie sich bereits Wissen und Handlungsroutinen in der Nutzung unterschiedlicher Verkehrsmittel angeeignet haben (Nobis 2015, S. 91).
Application of BIM in Renovation Design of Existing Buildings
Authors: Zhan Yuan , Peng Yu , Xiong Changrong
Published: November 2024

Based on the analysis of the reconstruction process and corresponding problems of the old building, the paper discusses the BIM modeling process based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology, namely, acquiring the point cloud data of the existing building through 3D laser scanning, importing the point cloud processing software for preprocessing, and Revit software, docking establishes the process of building a BIM model of an existing building. Through the application of BIM technology in the pre-reformation, design process, performance design and other aspects of the existing building renovation design, it is demonstrated that BIM has a positive effect on the design and management of the existing building renovation design stage.
Performance of a Mechanical Pump-Driven Two-Phase Cooling System for Aircraft Systems
Authors: Zhang Baoqing , Guo Yunyi , Fan Xingzhou , Chen Shuang
Published: November 2024

In order to solve the heat dissipation problem of high heat flux components of military electronic equipment, a mechanical pump-driven two-phase flow cooling system was designed in this paper. The thermal performance of the system was tested experimentally at room temperature, high and low temperature and vibration environment. By means of the experimental data and phenomenon analysis, the system had good heat transfer performance under room temperature, high and low temperature, vibration conditions. Under the condition of acceleration environment, the system liquid storage separator won't work normally, the internal liquid would be confused, gathering in a certain part and can't circulate in the system pipeline normally which would result the failure in system. In order to solve this problem, the system can keep working normally under the condition of multi-angle acceleration by increasing the amount of liquid filled in the system.
Provincial Land and Space Planning Meteorological Assessment Technology Research and Application for Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Cheng Chen , Fang Xiaoyi , Wang Jiawen , Gong Qiang , Zhang Shuo , Hu Jiyuan , Yu Ying
Published: November 2024

Considering climate change adaptation in provincial land and space planning is of great significance for ensuring good ecology, agricultural safety, and urban livability. In conjunction with the compilation of the “Liaoning Provincial Land and Space Planning (2020–2035)”, a land and space planning meteorological assessment technology suitable for climate has been established. From the three dimensions of climate resources, meteorological disaster risk, and wind-heat environment and meteorological diffusion capacity, 25 elements are selected to study the climate endowment and risk of land and space, and the spatial evaluation of agricultural and urban climate suitability and ecological climate importance is given; and using the climate change forecast results under different scenarios from 2020 to 2035, the spatiotemporal distribution of the province’s future climate is analyzed. In summary, a comprehensive climate zoning of Liaoning Provincial Land and Space Planning is drawn, and climate adaptation strategy suggestions for each zone are proposed.
Application Method of Multi-model Fusion for Heavy Rainfall Forecast
Authors: Liu Jing , Ren Chuan , Zhao Ziqi , Wang Yue , Wen Rihong , Ren Hao , Zhang Yuanlong
Published: November 2024

Using the hourly rainfall data in the Data as a Server, based on the North China Numerical Forecasting System (CMA-BJ), the Mesoscale Weather Numerical Forecasting System (CMA-MESO), and the Northeast Numerical Forecasting System (CMA-DB) of the China Meteorological Administration, a multi-model fusion rainfall forecasting method is proposed and tested in Laoning from 2022 to 2023. The results show that without considering the deviation within a radius of 40km, during the Northeast cold vortex rainfall process, the success rate of the fusion forecast in 2022 increased by an average of 13.08%, and the hit rate increased by an average of 0.57%. In 2023,these numbers are 25.7% and 17.5%.During the subtropical high-pressure rainfall process, the success rate of the fusion forecast in 2022 increased by an average of 16.8%, and the hit rate increased by an average of 1%.In 2023,the hit rate increased 289%. During the typhoon storm process, the success rate of the fusion forecast in 2022 increased by an average of 34.21%, and the hit rate increased by an average of 14.9%.In 2023, these numbers are 30.7% and 651%.When short-term heavy rainfall is caused by the influence of systems such as upper troughs, the success rate of the fusion forecast in 2022 increased by an average of 32.2%, and the hit rate increased by an average of 4.07%. Under the influence of systems such as the Northeast cold vortex and upper troughs, the success rate of the fusion forecast shows positive growth, while under the background of subtropical high pressure and typhoons, the fusion forecast is a negative skill compared to the original numerical model.
Research Progress on Urban Street Canyon Heat Island Effect
Authors: Zhu Ye , Zhou Haizhu , Hao Xuejun
Published: November 2024

With the continuous improvement of urbanization level and the increasing urban spatial density, the urban heat island effect is intensifying, resulting in the increasing range and intensity of extreme climate, which poses a threat to the physical and mental health of urban residents. Urban heat island effect has become a focus of multidisciplinary research. This paper reviews the technical development of the existing research methods on heat island effect, analyzes their advantages and disadvantages, and their applicability on different scales. This paper presents the street valley scale as an important method to study the heat island effect of compact city, and analyzes the influencing factors of heat island effect under this scale. Finally, according to the existing problems in the current research process, the research progress and development trend of urban heat island at street valley scale are proposed from the aspects of data and evaluation methods. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference for the in-depth study of urban street valley heat island effect under the background of compact city development model, and to provide an effective way to mitigate urban heat island effect.
Country-Wide Effects of Urban Heat Island on Cooling and Heating Energy Use—An Empirical Case of Office Buildings in South Korea
Authors: Ngarambe Jack , Kim Gon , Yun Geun Young
Published: November 2024

Urban Heat Islands (UHI) affect building energy use in many cities worldwide. The correlations between UHI and building energy use have mostly been studied via city-scale modeling simulations, making validation of the obtained results challenging. In this study, we use clustering and statistical methods to examine the relationship between various indicators of UHI and building energy use, utilizing archived empirical data on energy consumption in office buildings across the entire country of South Korea. Our findings reveal considerable differences in UHI behavior across provinces and cities in the country. These variations are driven by a complex interplay of factors related to geographic locations, urbanization levels, and the topography of the provinces. These results suggest that mitigative efforts for UHI in South Korea should consider targeted measures tailored to specific locales. We also identify strong positive correlations between various UHI indicators, particularly monthly average Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) and cooling energy consumption in office buildings. However, the relationship between UHII and heating energy consumption was largely non-existent. These findings offer an empirical foundation for the development of efficient and inclusive policies that promote livability in urbanized areas.
Impact of Building Type Selection on Environmental Ventilation Effects in Residential Communities
Authors: Yan Li
Published: November 2024

The selection of residential building types generally considers the economic benefits of land space utilization or the control of plot ratio by higher-level planning for current land utilization, with less consideration for the impact of buildings on the environment, especially the ventilation and heat dissipation of the site. In this study, three commonly used building forms, small-sized villa buildings, multi-story buildings commonly used in old communities, and high-rise buildings commonly selected in most residential areas, were chosen as research objects. The numerical simulation of wind field changes in residential areas was conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The conclusion drawn is that under the same climatic background, different building forms have a significant impact on the ventilation of the environmental space, and higher building heights have a significant strengthening effect on the surrounding wind environment.High-rise buildings can achieve an average wind speed increase compared to the original area Above 50%.On the sides parallel to the incoming wind direction, there will be obvious areas of increased wind speed, and with the increase of building height, the area of increased wind speed also increases.The maximum can be expanded to 3 times the original wind speed or more.On the leeward side of the building, there will be a more obvious area of air stagnation, and the lower the building height and the smaller the volume, the larger the area of air stagnation.
Features of the Regional Layout of City Parks and Its Natural and Social Foundations: A Case Study of Mianyang, China
Authors: Deng Qing-Wen , Zhao Xiang , Xue Qian-Ming
Published: November 2024

Serving as a vital ecological space and public center for social activities, city play a key role in people’s urban life. Rational and efficient layout is essential to promote citizens’ participating level, which is the aim of building kinds of city parks. By investigating current situation of some typical city parks and inducing the data analysis method of GIS, POI and spatial autocorrection analysis, this research reveals the main feature of “high agglomeration and group” of city parks in major city centers in Mianyang and its positive effects. The research also shows that the number and spatial distribution density of city parks are strongly correlated with natural factors such as elevation, slope, and topography, as well as social factors including population, transportation, and economic growth, which causes an imbalanced layout geographically. Taking Mianyang as the research object, the aim of this paper is to visualize and quantitatively study the spatial distribution characteristics and its influencing factors, and provide basic analysis for the development of urban parks in Mianyang, and promote the implementation of Park City and Healthy City strategy in Mianyang.
Comparative Analysis of the Causes of Two Sudden Mountainous Rainstorms Occurred in Mianyang in 2022
Authors: Yuan Benhe , Zhang Qingyan , Sun Zichuan , Wan Cong , Ouyang Xin , Meng Meng
Published: November 2024

Compared to general rainfall events, sudden rainfall has always been a challenge and focus of weather forecasting and research. In mid-July 2022, sudden heavy rainfall occurred in the northwest of the Sichuan Basin, resulting in the severe disasters. To better understand the causes of such rainfall events, a comparative analysis of the physical environment and dynamic characteristics of these two sudden rainfall events is conducted based on observational data and ERA5 reanalysis data. The results showed that both temperature and moisture environments of the events exhibited sudden changes. Before the onset of rainfall event, energy, moisture, and instability are increased explosively in a short period, reaching extreme conditions. Intense upward motion occurred as mid-to-upper-level cyclonic vorticity developed downward to the lower levels. Rainfall events is occurred during the optimal period when vorticity and moisture were coupled, with a good correspondence between the maximum wet vorticity area and the rainfall area, indicating the diagnostic significance of wet vorticity for identifying rainfall areas.
Construction of Resilient City Based on the High-Quality Development of Fujiang River Basin City Cluster
Authors: Liu Yuguo , Xiong Yingwei , Li Qian , Zhang Yanming , Cui Xinghao , Chen Juan
Published: November 2024

The Fujiang River Basin, marked by its varied topography and frequent natural calamities, necessitates the establishment of resilient urban areas. This is essential for augmenting the region’s capacity to manage disaster risks and for the enhanced development of its towns. This research based on the kernel density analysis method, analyzes and summarizes the distribution of geological hazards in the Fujiang River Basin, and then identifies the urgency of improving the resilience of urban agglomerations in the Fujiang River Basin, and proposes corresponding planning strategies. The preliminary conclusions are as follows: in the Fujiang River basin, the landforms prone to landslide, debris flow, collapse and slope instability are mainly distributed along the topographic inflection point. These geological disasters are mainly concentrated in Hechuan, Pingwu, Jiangyou, Santai, Tongnan and other places. In contrast, the rest of the tributary areas are less prone to such disasters due to their broad, basin-like topography.
Allocation of Public Service Facilities Based on Community Life Circles: A Case Study in Mianyang, China
Authors: Fu Juanlin , Yan Li , Zhao Chunrong , Yu Minghong , Zhang Yabin , Yin Jiayue , Feng Wenyan
Published: November 2024

The allocation of public service facilities based on community life circle is the main measure of urban social governance at present. Although there are many researches on the allocation of public service facilities, the evaluation on different levels of community life circle is still insufficient. Taking Mianyang city of Sichuan Province as an example, based on big data such as city blocks, roads and POI, the different levels of community life circles are delineated and their public service facilities are evaluated. The results show the following: (1) Combined 15, 10 and 5 min walking time with roads and administrative boundaries, three levels of community life circle is defined comprehensively. (2) The public service facility coverage rate and community life circle standard rate have gradually decreased from a 15-min community life circle(15min-CLC) to a 10-min community life circle(10min-CLC) and then a 5-min community life circle(5min-CLC). The unevenly distributed basic public service facilities, such as secondary schools and hospitals, mainly accounts for the low rates. (3) All categories of public service facilities present remarkable spatial auto-correlation, which shows on a characteristic transform from “core-periphery” to “one-core multi-center” distribution pattern with the decrease of the community life circle level. The study revealed the spatial distribution characteristics of urban public service facilities under different community life circle levels, and provided theoretical basis for optimizing the allocation of public service.
Spatial Layout Planning of Medical and Health Institutions Based on the Concept of Healthy City: A Case Study of Mianyang
Authors: Zhao Qianying , Xiong Yingwei , Li Qian , Cui Xinghao
Published: November 2024

Addressing the fundamental health needs of residents and enhancing the accessibility of healthcare services represent essential objectives in the development of healthy urban environments. Consequently, the investigation into the spatial arrangement of medical and healthcare facilities holds substantial significance. Taking Mianyang City as a case, this study investigated the spatial distribution of these facilities through spatial distribution direction analysis and kernel density analysis. The spatial distribution direction analysis showed that the layout of medical and health institutions in Mianyang extended from northwest to southeast. The kernel density analysis showed that medical facilities in Mianyang city were generally concentrated in the central urban area, with a high-density spatial distribution pattern. The spatial pattern of “single main core + multiple cores” is presented.The findings inform strategic policy recommendations aimed at optimizing the allocation and adjustment of health resources in Mianyang City, providing a basis for scientific formulation and implementation of regional health planning.
A Comparative Study of the Public’s Risk Perception of Nuclear Energy in Different Regions
Authors: He Yanling , Xia Dongqin , Yong Nuo , Peng Huiyun
Published: November 2024

In recent years, many proposed or under construction nuclear facilities projects have been canceled due to strong opposition from the local public, such as the 2013 Jiangmen anti-nuclear incident, 2016 Lianyungang anti-nuclear incident and 2018 Changsha nuclear industry relocation reconstruction incident. It can be seen that public acceptance has emerged as a bottleneck problem in the development of nuclear energy. It is very important for the sustainable development of nuclear energy to understand public risk perception and attitude of nuclear energy in different regions, especially around the nuclear power plant. Based on 184 samples of Haiyan County and 811 samples of other regions of the country, this study used descriptive statistics and other analysis to conduct a comparative empirical study on the public perception and attitude of nuclear energy between Haiyan County and other regions of the country. The study found that compared with the whole country, the people lived in Haiyan County had a slightly lower perceived risk, a higher perceived benefit and knowledge. And they placed greater trust in regulator, experts and nuclear industry. Our results could provide some implications for risk communication mechanism in the field of nuclear energy.
Rainstorm Waterlogging Simulation and Risk Assessment in Central Urban Area of Chengdu, China
Authors: Sun Rui , Xu Jinxia , Zhang Liang
Published: November 2024

Urban rainstorm waterlogging disasters affect the sustainable urban development seriously. The distribution of waterlogging disaster risk is not only affected by rainstorm, but also closely related to urban terrain, population distribution and urban built environment. In this paper, based on the soil conservation service (SCS) runoff generation model and GIS tools, we selected Chengdu as the research area and proposed a simplified urban rainstorm waterlogging disaster model which can simulate the 3h waterlogging scenarios under the 10, 50, and100 year return periods of rainstorm. The proposed model overcome the drawbacks of time-consuming calculation, high data demands and low applicability of the previous hydrodynamic model. The results show that: (1) Under the rainstorm return period of 10a, 50a and 100a, the maximum inundation elevation in the central urban area can reach 0.67m, 0.72m and 0.79m, respectively. The flooded area accounts for 4.3%, 12.6% and 18.4% of the central urban area, respectively. (2) The ROC value of MaxENT waterlogging probability prediction model developed in this paper is above 0.8, and the distance from road traffic is the most contribution factor. (3) The risk level of rainstorm and waterlogging in the south of the Chengdu is significantly higher than that in the north, and gradually decreases from the urban center to the surrounding suburbs. This risk distribution is closely related to the precipitation climate distribution and the terrain.
1/c deformations of AdS3 boundary conditions and the Dym hierarchy
Authors: Lara Kristiansen , Pino Miguel , Reyes Francisco
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This work introduces a novel family of boundary conditions for AdS3 General Relativity, constructed through a polynomial expansion in negative integer powers of the Brown-Henneaux central charge. The associated dynamics is governed by the Dym hierarchy of integrable equations. It is shown that the infinite set of Dym conserved charges generates an abelian asymptotic symmetry group. Additionally, these boundary conditions encompass black hole solutions, whose thermodynamic properties are examined.
Stability of complement value problems for p-Lévy operators
Authors: Foghem Guy
Published: November 2024

We set up a general framework tailor-made to solve complement value problems governed by symmetric nonlinear nonlocal integro-differential p-Lévy operators. A prototypical example of integro-differential p-Lévy operators is the well-known fractional p-Laplace operator. Our main focus is on nonlinear integro-differential equations in the presence of Dirichlet, Neumann and Robin conditions and we show well-posedness results. Several results are new even for the fractional p-Laplace operator but we develop the approach for general translation-invariant nonlocal operators. We also bridge the gap from nonlocal to local, by showing that solutions to the local Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems associated with p-Laplacian are strong limits of the nonlocal ones.
The risk of acute infection in association with first ever diagnosed depression: a cohort study
Authors: Aebi Noah , Meier Christoph R. , Jick Susan S. , Lang Undine , Spoendlin Julia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To assess the risk of acute infections in patients with first ever diagnosed depression compared to patients with no diagnosed depression in a primary-care database.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study using the UK CPRD GOLD database (2000–2019). We identified patients aged 18 years or older with a recorded Read code for depression (cohort entry date) and compared them to patients with no Read codes for depression using risk set sampling. Comparison groups were frequency-matched on age and sex, and comparison patients were required to have ≥ 1 general practitioner (GP) contact within 14 days before cohort entry. The primary outcome was a composite of outpatient diagnosed acute infections, including respiratory, gastrointestinal, urogenital infections and septicemia) within the two-years after cohort entry. We applied propensity score fine stratification and estimated incidence rates and IR ratios (IRR) using negative binomial regression.

Results

In a weighted population of 285,922 patients with diagnosed depression and 285,921 comparison patients, the IR of acute infections was 97.3/1000 person-years (py) in patients with and 83.7/1000 py in patients with no diagnosed depression. The weighted IRR of acute infection was 1.18 (95% CI 1.16–1.20) comparing those with and with no diagnosed depression. Excluding patients with baseline comorbidities yielded an IRR even closer to the null: 1.07 (95% CI, 1.04–1.09).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that patients with diagnosed depression are not at a meaningfully increased risk of acute infections compared to patients with no diagnosed depression. Slightly increased overall relative risks of infections can be explained by residual differences in health care utilization and by the severity of comorbidities.
Social preferences and the variability of conditional cooperation
Authors: Baader Malte , Gächter Simon , Lee Kyeongtae , Sefton Martin
Published: November 2024

We experimentally examine how incentives affect conditional cooperation (i.e., cooperating in response to cooperation and defecting in response to defection) in social dilemmas. In our first study, subjects play eight Sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma games with varying payoffs. We elicit second mover strategies and find that most second movers conditionally cooperate in some games and free ride in others. The rate of conditional cooperation is higher when the own gain from defecting is lower and when the loss imposed on the first mover by defecting is higher. This pattern is consistent with both social preference models and stochastic choice models. In a second study subjects play 64 social dilemma games, and we jointly estimate noise and social preference parameters at the individual level. Most of our subjects place significantly positive weight on others’ payoffs, supporting the underlying role of social preferences in conditional cooperation. Our results suggest that conditional cooperation is not a fixed trait but rather a symptom of the interaction between game incentives and underlying social preferences.
A generalisation of simple Harnack curves
Authors: Lang Lionel
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we suggest the following generalisation of Mikhalkin’s simple Harnack curves: a generalised simple Harnack curve is a parametrised real algebraic curve in $$({\mathbb {C}}^{*})^{2}$$

(

C

∗

)

2

with totally real logarithmic Gauss map. First, we investigate which of the many properties of simple Harnack curves survive this generalisation. Then, we construct new examples using tropical geometry. Eventually, since generalised Harnack curves can develop arbitrary singularities, in contrast with the original definition, we pay a special attention to the simplest new instance of generalised Harnack curves, namely curves with a single hyperbolic node. In particular, we determine the topological classification of such curves for any given degree.
FET PET to differentiate between post-treatment changes and recurrence in high-grade gliomas: a single center multidisciplinary clinic controlled study
Authors: Puranik Ameya D. , Dev Indraja D. , Rangarajan Venkatesh , Jain Yash , Patra Sukriti , Purandare Nilendu C. , Sahu Arpita , Choudhary Amitkumar , Bhattacharya Kajari , Gupta Tejpal , Chatterjee Abhishek , Dasgupta Archya , Moiyadi Aliasgar , Shetty Prakash , Singh Vikas , Sridhar Epari , Sahay Ayushi , Shah Aekta , Menon Nandini , Ghosh Suchismita , Choudhury Sayak , Shah Sneha , Agrawal Archi , Lakshminarayanan N. , Kumar Amit , Gopalakrishna Arjun
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The clinico-radiological dilemma in post-treatment high-grade gliomas, between disease recurrence (TR) and treatment-related changes (TRC), still persists. FET (Fluoro-ethyl-tyrosine) PET has been extensively used as problem-solving modality for cases where MR imaging is inconclusive. We incorporated a systematic imaging and clinical follow-up algorithm in a multi-disciplinary clinic (MDC) setting to analyse our cohort of FET PET in post-treatment gliomas.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 171 patients of post-treatment grade III and IV glioma with equivocal findings on MRI. 185–222 MBq of 18 F-FET was injected and dedicated static imaging of brain was performed at 20 min. TBR (Tumor to background ratio) was used as semi-quantitative parameter. Cutoff of 2.5 was used for image interpretation. Imaging findings were confirmed with histopathological diagnosis, wherever available or in a multidisciplinary joint clinic based on serial imaging.

Results

121 of 171 patients showed recurrent disease on FET PET, on follow up, 109 were confirmed with recurrence; 7 patients showed TRC, whereas 5 were treated with bevacizumab, with no further clinico-radiological deterioration, thus confirming TRC. 50 patients showed TRC on FET PET, on follow up on follow up, 40 were confirmed as true-negative. 10 patients who showed TBR less than 2.5 had confirmed TR on subsequent MR imaging. The overall sensitivity and specificity was 91.6 and 76.9% respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 87.13%.

Conclusion

There is potential for FET PET to be used along with MRI in the post treatment algorithm of high-grade glial tumors.
IGA Approximations of Elastic Interfaces and their Defects in an Elastic Medium with Couple Stress
Authors: Zegpi Esteban , Casquero Hugo , Zhang Yongjie Jessica , Acharya Amit
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work is to develop and implement a computational algorithm for calculating stress and couple-stress fields induced by bulk and interfacial line defects such as dislocations and generalized disclinations within phase/grain boundaries. The thermodynamic driving forces on line and planar defects, responsible for coupled plasticity and interface motion, fully coupled to stress, couple-stress and applied boundary conditions are also computed. A continuum approach for small deformations is considered following the formulation outlined in Acharya and Fressengeas (Continuum mechanics of the interaction of phase boundaries and dislocations in solids. In: Differential Geometry and Continuum Mechanics, pages 123–165, 2015), extended herein in the thermodynamics to accommodate physically necessary ingredients that arose in the modeling in Zhang and Acharya (J Mech Phys Solids 119:188–223, 2018), Zhang et al. (J Mech Phys Solids 114:258–302, 2018). Constitutive relations are derived from kinematics, balance laws and from the use of the second law of thermodynamics in global form. One of the challenges presented by this approach is the inclusion of couple stresses, Toupin (Arch Rational Mech Anal 17(2):85–112, 1964), and the consequent treatment of 4th order systems arising from the equations of balances of linear and angular momentum. In order to deal with these equations, the classical FEM approach is replaced by iso-geometric analysis (IGA), as proposed by Hughes et al. (Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 194(39):4135–4195, 2005). Results on stress and couple stress fields of the various defects involved are computed. Further, the coupling of the dislocation density with the eigenwall allows for the capturing of the shear parallel to the grain boundary, which has been observed experimentally and through molecular dynamics.