bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing a research infrastructure on dietary intake and its determinants
Authors: Bogaardt M.‐J. , Geelen A. , Zimmermann K. , Finglas P. , Raats M. M. , Mikkelsen B. E. , Poppe K. J. , van't Veer P.
Published: August 2018

Research on dietary intake and its determinants is crucial for an adequate response to the current epidemic of diet‐related non‐communicable chronic diseases. In order to respond to this challenge, the RICHFIELDS project was tasked with designing a research infrastructure (RI) that connects data on dietary intake of consumers in Europe, and its determinants, collected using apps and wearable sensors, from behavioural laboratories and experimental facilities and from other RIs. The main output of the project, an RI design, describes interfaces (portals) to collect data, a meta‐database and a data‐model to enable data linkage and sharing. The RICHFIELDS project comprises three phases, each consisting of three work packages, and an overarching methodological support work package. Phase 1 focused on data generated by consumers (e.g. collected by apps and sensors) relating to the purchase, preparation and consumption of food. Phase 2 focused on data generated by organisations such as businesses (e.g. retail data), government (e.g. procurement data) and experimental research facilities (e.g. virtual supermarkets). Phases 1 and 2 provided Phase 3 with insights on data types and design requirements, including the business models, data integration and management systems and governance and ethics. The final design will be used in the coming years to build an RI for the scientific research community, policy makers and businesses in Europe. The RI will boost interdisciplinary multi‐stakeholder research through harmonisation and integration of data on food behaviour.
Major new review of global evidence on diet, nutrition and physical activity: A blueprint to reduce cancer risk
Authors: Thompson R. , Mitrou G. , Brown S. , Almond E. , Bandurek I. , Brockton N. , Kälfors M. , McGinley‐Gieser D. , Sinclair B. , Meincke L. , Wiseman M. , Allen K.
Published: August 2018

The number of cancer cases is increasing. Despite advances in treatment, cancer causes one in six deaths worldwide and has overtaken cardiovascular disease as the leading cause of death in many parts of the world. Yet around 40% of cancer cases are preventable through lifestyle changes. The newly published Third Expert Report, Diet, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Cancer: A Global Perspective, from World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) and American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), provides a comprehensive analysis of the worldwide body of evidence on preventing and surviving cancer through diet, nutrition and physical activity. Using the most meticulous methods, evidence from studies on 17 cancers and 51 million people – including 3.5 million cancer cases – has been reviewed. The findings have been used to produce the latest global Cancer Prevention Recommendations – which together form a blueprint to prevent cancer that people can trust – and to identify priority areas for future research. The Report, summarised in this article, ensures that people are equipped with the knowledge needed to prioritise cancer prevention – be they researchers, medical or health professionals, policymakers, civil society organisations (including cancer organisations), the media or people looking to reduce their own risk of cancer or live well after a diagnosis. A whole‐of‐government, whole‐of‐society approach is necessary to create environments for people and communities that are conducive to following the WCRF/AICR Recommendations in order to reduce the number of deaths from preventable cancer.
Exploring our latent potential
Authors: Stronge Will , Archela Danielle Guizzo
Published: August 2018

Moving towards an economy of freedom
There is no alternative: Strategies for economic transformation
Authors: Berry Christine
Published: August 2018

In the face of a failing economy, the left has to think more systemically and tell a different story
Rheumatoid Arthritis of Knee Joints: MRI–Pathological Correlation
Authors: Meng Xiang‐hong , Wang Zhi , Zhang Xue‐ning , Xu Jin , Hu Yong‐cheng
Published: August 2018

Objective

To evaluate the correlation between features of knee joint rheumatoid arthritis (RA) identified on MRI and histological examination as a means of elucidating the pathogenesis of joint destruction in RA.

Methods

This is a prospective analysis of 26 knee joints of 22 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for the treatment of RA. Based on the degree of destruction of articular cartilage and the menisci, the occurrence of bone marrow edema and bone erosion, and synovial thickening, the stage of the knee joints were classified using MRI by two radiologists. Differences in the severity of destruction of the articular cartilage of the medial and lateral femoral condyles and medial and lateral tibial plateaus, the medial and lateral menisci, and bone were compared using analysis of variance with a post‐hoc test, and the Mann–Whitney U‐test. Samples of cartilage, subchondral bone, menisci, and synovium were obtained from the resected knee specimens during TKA and analyzed semiquantitatively using microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Histological differences between areas of bone erosion and bone marrow edema were evaluated using a Mann–Whitney U‐test.

Results

The extent of articular destruction was classified as grade 4 for the medial and lateral femoral condyles and the medial and lateral tibial plateaus for most patients, with an average destruction grade of 3.6 (F = 5.455, P = 0.002), with the least amount of destruction identified on the lateral femoral condyle. The majority of knee joints in the RA patients were at stage 3 (21/26, 80.8%), followed by stage 4 (4/26, 15.4%). Fibrosis, thinning and destruction, and hyperplasia were the most severe pathological changes in cartilage. In a total of 26 specimens, 36 areas of bone marrow edema and 68 areas of bone erosion were identified, with fibrosis, a mosaic structure of bone, and lymphocyte infiltration being the most severe changes in these areas. The degree of meniscus destruction was classified as grade 4 in the majority patients for both the medial and lateral meniscus, with an average degree of meniscal destruction over all specimens of 3.85, and greater destruction of the medial meniscus than of the lateral meniscus (Z = 2.062, P = 0.039). Fibrosis and engulfing calcified debris were the most severe pathological manifestations. Synovitis was also identified in all 26 specimens, with hyperplasia of intima cells and lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltration being the most severe pathological manifestations.

Conclusions

Severe destruction of the articular cartilage and menisci is a characteristic feature of RA. Bone marrow edema and bone erosion can both also be found, but are less characteristic. Synovial infiltration may be the triggering mechanism of the destruction of the cartilage, menisci, and bone marrow. However, the origin of bone marrow edema requires further investigation.
Eye‐opener: Drawing landscape near and far
Authors: Wylie John , Webster Catrin
Published: August 2018

This paper is about learning to see the world anew – but also about doubting and qualifying that newness. Drawing on a practice‐led art–geography collaboration, in whichen plein airpainting and drawing was the primary medium, it aims to further extend understandings of the affective spatialities of landscape. The paper offers a sequence of extended reflections on the phenomenologies and materialities of the perceptual experience of landscape drawing. After initial discussion of this work's location and germination, a first substantive section investigates the spaces of the canvas itself. Subsequently, the core and culmination of the paper consists of an account of this form of landscape experience, organised around two headings: “Drawn into the world” and “So near and yet so far.” The concluding section of the paper consolidates its arguments in respect of theories of landscape specifically, and also comments on the paper's relation to current work in creative geographies.
Evaluation of the effects of initial water temperature and curing time on fiberglass cast strength
Authors: Pérez‐Nogués Marcos , Dechant Julie E. , Garcia‐Nolen Tanya , Stover Susan M.
Published: August 2018

Objective

To determine the effects of water temperature and cure time on cast strength.

Study design

Prospective randomized experimental study.

Methods

Two water temperatures were tested, 23°C (cold) and 42°C (warm). Cast constructs were made of 4‐inch fiberglass casting material over a rubber mandrel. Each construct was divided into 3 segments and tested in 4‐point bending at 0.5, 1, and 24 hours. Stiffness and bending moment, cumulative energy, and angular deformation at yield and failure were recorded and analyzed by using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Mean time ± SD to complete the construct was 2.2 ± 0.8 and 2.3 ± 0.6 minutes for warm and cold water, respectively. Warm water and longer cure times produced constructs with greater stiffness (23.05 vs 20.88 newton‐meter degrees [Nm°] at 0.5 hours), bending moment (121.75 vs 107.31 Nm° at 0.5 hours), and cumulative energy (557.33 vs 428.89 Nm° at 1 hour) at yield and failure. Longer cure time significantly increased angular deformation of rods at failure; however, water temperature did not. In general, the strongest casts were produced with warm water and after curing for 24 hours.

Conclusion

Fiberglass casts continued to gain strength for at least 24 hours. Use of warm water increased the rate of curing, resulting in stronger constructs at earlier time points.

Clinical significance

Use of warm water is recommended to initiate fiberglass cast curing, especially if the casted limb will be loaded soon after cast application.
An Extension of the Classical Subset of Nominal Modes Method for the Model Order Reduction of Gyroscopic Systems
Authors: Waldherr Christian U. , Vogt Damian M.
Published: August 2018

In the structural dynamics design process of turbomachines, Coriolis effects are usually neglected. This assumption holds true if no pronounced interaction between the shaft and disk occurs or if the radial blade displacements are negligible. For classical rotordynamic investigations or for machines where the disk is comparatively thin or weak, Coriolis effects as well as centrifugal effects like stress stiffening and spin softening have to be taken into account. For the analysis of complex structures, the finite element method is today the most commonly used modeling approach. To handle the numerical effort in such an analysis, the aim of the present work is the further development of an existing reduced order model, which also allows the consideration of Coriolis effects without the loss of accuracy for a wide range of rotational speeds. In addition to the investigation of the tuned design of the bladed disk using cyclic boundary conditions, the described method is also appropriate to investigate mistuning phenomena including Coriolis effects. Due to the fact that the computation time can be reduced by two orders of magnitude, the method also opens up the possibility for performing probabilistic mistuning investigations including Coriolis effects.
The Percolation of Liquid Through a Compliant Seal—An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Vlădescu Sorin-Cristian , Putignano Carmine , Marx Nigel , Keppens Tomas , Reddyhoff Tom , Dini Daniele
Published: August 2018

New apparatus is described to simulate a compliant seal interface, allowing the percolation of liquid to be viewed by a fluorescence microscope. A model, based on the boundary element (BE) methodology, is used to provide a theoretical explanation of the observed behavior. The impact of contact pressure, roughness, and surface energy on percolation rates are characterized. For hydrophilic surfaces, percolation will always occur provided a sufficient number of roughness length scales are considered. However, for hydrophobic surfaces, the inlet pressure must overcome the capillary pressure exerted at the minimum channel section before flow can occur.
Subsurface catalysis-mediated selectivity of dehydrogenation reaction
Authors: Cai Weiting , Mu Rentao , Zha Shenjun , Sun Guodong , Chen Sai , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Li Hao , Tian Hao , Tang Yu , Tao Franklin (Feng) , Zeng Liang , Gong Jinlong
Published: August 2018

Subsurface Fe, Co, and Ni can promote the Pt-catalyzed propane dehydrogenation while exposed adversely on the surface.
Coherent perfect absorption of nonlinear matter waves
Authors: Müllers Andreas , Santra Bodhaditya , Baals Christian , Jiang Jian , Benary Jens , Labouvie Ralf , Zezyulin Dmitry A. , Konotop Vladimir V. , Ott Herwig
Published: August 2018

Eliminating atoms of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a lattice from one cell is coherent perfect absorption of the quantum liquid.
Healthcare costs attributable to congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Korndewal Marjolein J , Weltevrede Marlies , van den Akker-van Marle M Elske , Oudesluys-Murphy Anne Marie , de Melker Hester E , Vossen Ann C T M
Published: August 2018

Objective

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) can cause symptoms at birth as well as long-term impairment. This study estimates cCMV-related healthcare costs in the Netherlands in early childhood.

Design, setting and patients

In a nationwide retrospective cohort study, 156 children with cCMV were identified by testing 31 484 neonatal dried blood spots for cCMV. Use of healthcare resources in the first 6 years of life by children with cCMV and a matched cCMV-negative control group were analysed. Mean costs per child were calculated by multiplying healthcare resource use by its reference prices.

Exposure

Children with cCMV were compared with cCMV-negative children.

Main outcome measures

The average total healthcare costs per child were based on the average costs for hospital admissions and consultations by healthcare providers.

Results

Mean healthcare costs of children with cCMV (€6113, n=133) were higher than children without cCMV (€3570, n=274), although statistically not significant, with a mean difference of €2544 (95% CI €-451 to €5538). The costs of children with long-term impairment were two times higher in children with cCMV (€17 205) compared with children without cCMV (€8332).

Conclusions

Children with cCMV, especially those with long-term impairment and those symptomatic at birth, accrue higher healthcare costs than cCMV-negative children in the first 6 years of life, although this is not statistically significant. This economic impact is of importance in the evaluation of preventive measures against cCMV.

Trial registration number

NTR3582.
Predicting inflammatory bowel disease in children with abdominal pain and diarrhoea: calgranulin-C versus calprotectin stool tests
Authors: Heida Anke , Van de Vijver Els , van Ravenzwaaij Don , Van Biervliet Stephanie , Hummel Thalia Z , Yuksel Zehre , Gonera-de Jong Gieneke , Schulenberg Renate , Muller Kobold Anneke , van Rheenen Patrick Ferry
Published: August 2018

Objective

Calgranulin-C (S100A12) is a new faecal marker of inflammation that is potentially more specific for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than calprotectin, since it is only released by activated granulocytes. We compared calgranulin-C and calprotectin to see which of the two tests best predicted IBD in children with chronic abdominal pain and diarrhoea.

Design

Delayed-type cross-sectional diagnostic study.

Setting and patients

Previously undiagnosed patients aged 6–17 years, who were seen in paediatric clinics in the Netherlands and Belgium, sent in a stool sample for analysis. Patients with a high likelihood of IBD underwent upper and lower endoscopy (ie, preferred reference test), while those with a low likelihood were followed for 6 months for latent IBD to become visible (ie, alternative reference test). We used Bayesian modelling to correct for differential verification bias.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcome was the specificity for IBD using predefined test thresholds (calgranulin-C: 0.75 µg/g, calprotectin: 50 µg/g). Secondary outcome was the test accuracy with thresholds based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis.

Results

IBD was diagnosed in 93 of 337 patients. Calgranulin-C had significantly better specificity than calprotectin when predefined thresholds were used (97% (95% credible interval (CI) 94% to 99%) vs 71% (95% CI 63% to 79%), respectively). When ROC-based thresholds were used (calgranulin-C: 0.75 µg/g, calprotectin: 400 µg/g), both tests performed equally well (specificity: 97% (95% CI 94% to 99%) vs 98% (95% CI 95% to 100%)).

Conclusions

Both calgranulin-C and calprotectin have excellent test characteristics to predict IBD and justify endoscopy.

Trial registration number

NCT02197780.
Italian real-life experience on the use of ocriplasmin
Authors: Barca Francesco , Mucciolo Dario Pasquale , Caporossi Tomaso , Virgili Gianni , Tartaro Ruggero , Rizzo Stanislao
Published: August 2018

Objective

To evaluate the success of an intravitreal injection of ocriplasmin to release symptomatic vitreomacular traction (VMT) and close a full-thickness macular hole.

Methods and analysis

An observational retrospective multicentre study conducted in Italy. Patients with symptomatic distortion and loss of vision secondary to VMT were included in the study. The patients received a single injection of ocriplasmin and were followed up for 1, 3 and 6 months. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral domani OCT (SD-OCT) were performed for patient assessment, and adverse events were recorded and analysed.

Results

74 patients (74 eyes) were included in the study. 44 of 74 eyes (59.5%) experienced complete release of the VMT. Macular hole closure was obtained in eight eyes (40%). BCVA improved about three lines after 3 months of follow-up in the patients with VMT resolution in comparison with the patients who did not have VMT resolution (p<0.0001). In 55/74 eyes of 55 patients (74.3%), no adverse events were reported, and most of them were transitory (17/19; 89.5%). The mean time to resolve VMT was 27.4±21.9 days. No cases of retinal tear, retinal detachment or lens destabilisation were observed.

Conclusion

Ocriplasmin is a potential alternative treatment for patients with symptomatic VMT and has a good safety profile. A more careful selection of patients, in clinical practice, may increase the success rate.
Twenty years of limbal epithelial therapy: an update on managing limbal stem cell deficiency
Authors: Fernandez-Buenaga Roberto , Aiello Francesco , Zaher Sarah S , Grixti Andre , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: August 2018

Limbal stem cell damage after chemical injury, autoimmune disorders or iatrogenic trauma leads to corneal conjunctivalisation with new vessel formation, epithelium instability and visual loss. Limbal stem cell transplantation includes reconstructive surgical procedures to restore a corneal epithelium. The recognised options are: conjunctival limbal autograft, in which stem cells are taken from the patient’s healthy eye; conjunctival limbal allograft, in which stem cells are taken from a living, related or dead donor and the keratolimbal allograft. Each of these procedures has some drawbacks; in particular, the conjunctival limbal autograft needs a relatively healthy fellow eye and needs a relatively large amount of donor tissue from the healthy eye (about one-third of the healthy limbal stem cell tissue) with potential risks to the donor eye. In the case of keratolimbal allograft transplants, the recipient needs an immunosuppressive treatment to reduce the risk of rejection with the associate possible side effects. More modern treatment options are reviewed. Cultivated oral mucosa epithelial transplantation success rate can vary between 50% and 70% at 3–4 years of follow-up. Simple limbal epithelial transplantation results show a success rate from 75.2% to 83.8% after 1 year of follow-up. Inclusion criteria for autologous cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation as approved by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence are also shown in this paper. On the basis of these more contemporary treatment options, a stepladder approach to evaluate which procedure is most appropriate and personalised to the patient’s conditions is proposed.
Patterns of Desmin Expression in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy are Related to the Desmin mRNA and Ubiquitin Expression
Authors: Pawlak Agnieszka , Rejmak-Kozicka Emilia , Gil Katarzyna Elżbieta , Ziemba Andrzej , Kaczmarek Leszek , Gil Robert Julian
Published: August 2018

Desmin expression depends on desmin messenger RNA (mRNA) and ubiquitin proteasome system. This process is poorly understood in dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of the study was to investigate whether changes of desmin mRNA and ubiquitin expression correlate with types of desmin expression in cardiomyocytes. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed in 60 patients (85% men, mean age 46±14 years) with heart failure (HF; left ventricular ejection fraction <45%). Desmin and ubiquitin expression were analysed in histological sections by immunohistochemistry and in Western blot. Desmin mRNA expression was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization methods. In patients with weak/even desmin expression, weak/even expression of ubiquitin in the cytosol and low desmin mRNA expression in the cytosol and nuclei of cardiomyocytes were observed. Expression of ubiquitin and desmin mRNA increased along with the progression of desmin cytoskeleton remodeling. Desmin mRNA and ubiquitin were weakly expressed/absent in cardiomyocytes with low/lack of desmin expression. Variations in desmin mRNA, desmin and ubiquitin expression were associated with gradual changes in myocardial structure and clinical parameters. To conclude, changes in ubiquitin and desmin mRNA expression are related to patterns of desmin expression. An increase in the expression of ubiquitin and desmin mRNA may be a protective feature against unfavorable cell remodeling. This may reduce the adverse effects of cytoskeleton damage in the early stages of HF. Low/lack ubiquitin and/or desmin mRNA expression may be markers of end-stage HF.
E-cigarette users commonly stealth vape in places where e-cigarette use is prohibited
Authors: Yingst Jessica M , Lester Courtney , Veldheer Susan , Allen Sophia I , Du Ping , Foulds Jonathan
Published: August 2018

Introduction

‘Stealth vaping’ is the practice of vaping discreetly in places where electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is prohibited. While anecdotal evidence suggests that stealth vaping is common, there have been no formal studies of the behaviour. The purpose of this study is to examine stealth vaping behaviour among experienced e-cigarette users.

Methods

Data were collected from the follow-up survey of a large longitudinal cohort study of adult experienced e-cigarette users conducted in January 2017. To measure stealth vaping behaviour, participants were asked ‘Have you ever ‘stealth vaped’, that is to say, used an e-cig in a public place where it was not approved and attempted to conceal your e-cig use? (yes/no)’. Participants indicating yes completed additional questions about the frequency of stealth vaping and were asked to select all the locations where they commonly stealth vape. Frequencies were used to examine the overall prevalence, frequency and common locations for stealth vaping. A logistic regression model was run to predict stealth vaping.

Results

Approximately two-thirds (64.3%, n=297/462) of the sample reported ever stealth vaping, of which 52.5% (n=156/297) reported stealth vaping in the past week. Among stealth vapers (n=297), 31% reported owning a smaller device solely for stealth vaping. The most common places to stealth vape included at work (46.8%), followed by bars/nightclubs (42.1%), restaurants (37.7%), at the movies (35.4%) and in airports/on airplanes (11.7%). Predictors of stealth vaping were greater dependence and owning a smaller device solely for stealth vaping.

Conclusions

Stealth vaping is a common behaviour for many experienced e-cigarette users. More research is needed to understand the reasons for stealth vaping and its potential health and safety implications. This information could help researchers and regulators to design interventions to minimise the public health impact of stealth vaping.
Regulation of sympathetic vasomotor activity by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in normotensive and hypertensive states
Authors: Dampney Roger A. , Michelini Lisete C. , Li De-Pei , Pan Hui-Lin
Published: August 2018

The hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is a unique and important brain region involved in the control of cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and other physiological functions pertinent to homeostasis. The PVN is a major source of excitatory drive to the spinal sympathetic outflow via both direct and indirect projections. In this review, we discuss the role of the PVN in the regulation of sympathetic output in normal physiological conditions and in hypertension. In normal healthy animals, the PVN presympathetic neurons do not appear to have a major role in sustaining resting sympathetic vasomotor activity or in regulating sympathetic responses to short-term homeostatic challenges such as acute hypotension or hypoxia. Their role is, however, much more significant during longer-term challenges, such as sustained water deprivation, chronic intermittent hypoxia, and pregnancy. The PVN also appears to have a major role in generating the increased sympathetic vasomotor activity that is characteristic of multiple forms of hypertension. Recent studies in the spontaneously hypertensive rat model have shown that impaired inhibitory and enhanced excitatory synaptic inputs to PVN presympathetic neurons are the basis for the heightened sympathetic outflow in hypertension. We discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying the presynaptic and postsynaptic alterations in GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs to PVN presympathetic neurons in hypertension. In addition, we discuss the ability of exercise training to correct sympathetic hyperactivity by restoring blood-brain barrier integrity, reducing angiotensin II availability, and decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation in the PVN.
Combined Inhibition of PI3Kβ and mTOR Inhibits Growth of PTEN-null Tumors
Authors: Lynch James T. , Polanska Urszula M. , Hancox Ursula , Delpuech Oona , Maynard Juliana , Trigwell Catherine , Eberlein Catherine , Lenaghan Carol , Polanski Radoslaw , Avivar-Valderas Alvaro , Cumberbatch Marie , Klinowska Teresa , Critchlow Susan E. , Cruzalegui Francisco , Barry Simon T.
Published: August 2018

Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN confers a tumor cell dependency on the PI3Kβ isoform. Achieving maximal inhibition of tumor growth through PI3K pathway inhibition requires sustained inhibition of PI3K signaling; however, efficacy is often limited by suboptimal inhibition or reactivation of the pathway. To select combinations that deliver comprehensive suppression of PI3K signaling in PTEN-null tumors, the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD8186 was combined with inhibitors of kinases implicated in pathway reactivation in an extended cell proliferation assay. Inhibiting PI3Kβ and mTOR gave the most effective antiproliferative effects across a panel of PTEN-null tumor cell lines. The combination of AZD8186 and the mTOR inhibitor vistusertib was also effective in vivo controlling growth of PTEN-null tumor models of TNBC, prostate, and renal cancers. In vitro, the combination resulted in increased suppression of pNDRG1, p4EBP1, as well as HMGCS1 with reduced pNDRG1 and p4EBP1 more closely associated with effective suppression of proliferation. In vivo biomarker analysis revealed that the monotherapy and combination treatment consistently reduced similar biomarkers, while combination increased nuclear translocation of the transcription factor FOXO3 and reduction in glucose uptake. These data suggest that combining the PI3Kβ inhibitor AZD8186 and vistusertib has potential to be an effective combination treatment for PTEN-null tumors. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(11); 2309–19. ©2018 AACR.
The Utility of DiceCT Imaging for High-Throughput Comparative Neuroanatomical Studies
Authors: Gignac Paul M. , Kley Nathan J.
Published: August 2018

Advancements in imaging techniques have drastically improved our ability to visualize, study, and digitally share complex, often minute, anatomical relationships. The recent adoption of soft-tissue X-ray imaging techniques, such as diffusible iodine-based contrast-enhanced computed tomography (diceCT), is beginning to offer previously unattainable insights into the detailed configurations of soft- tissue complexes across Metazoa. As a contrast agent, dissolved iodine diffuses deeply throughout preserved specimens to bind fats and carbohydrates that are natural ly present within metazoan soft tissues, increasing the radiodensities of these tissues in predictable ways. Like the current “gold standard” of magnetic resonance imaging, diceCT does not require physical dissection and can differentiate between the lipid content of myelinated versus nonmyelinated tissues, thereby offering great potential for neuroanatomical studies. Within the brain, for example, diceCT distinguishes myelinated fiber tracts from unmyelinated cortices, nuclei, and ganglia and allows three-dimensional visualization of their anatomical interrelationships at previously unrealized spatial scales. In this study, we illustrate the utility of diceCT for the rapid visualization of both external and internal brain anatomy in vertebrates – alongside the intact bones of the skull and the complete, undisturbed pathways of peripheral nerves, up to and including the target organs that they innervate. We demonstrate the transformative potential of this technique for developing high-resolution neuroanatomical datasets and describe best practices for imaging large numbers of specimens for broad evolutionary studies across vertebrates.
A Case of Chronic Calcium Oxalate Nephropathy due to Short Bowel Syndrome and Cholecystectomy
Authors: Hashimoto Seiji , Yamamoto Rie , Maoka Tomochika , Fukasawa Yuichiro , Koike Takao , Shigematsu Takashi
Published: August 2018

Background: Oxalate nephropathy is a rare disease. Especially chronic oxalate nephropathy still has many unknown aspects as compared to acute oxalate nephropathy with relatively well-known causality. Case Presentation: The patient was a 70-year-old woman who had a history of small bowel resection 25 years before, cholecystectomy 10 years before, and renal stones (calcium oxalate stones) 7 years before. She had been suffering from chronic diarrhea and had been treated by a local physician. The patient was found to have renal dysfunction (creatinine 3.09 mg/dL, eGFR 12.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, hemoglobin 7.8 g/dL) and was referred to our department. The patient was admitted to our hospital for further investigation. Renal ultrasound showed hepatorenal echo contrast in an opposite manner and clear contrast between the renal cortex and medullary pyramid. Renal biopsy was performed, and histological examination showed tubulointerstitial disorder due to deposition of calcium oxalate. Daily urinary excretion of calcium oxalate was significantly increased. The patient was encouraged to drink water and administered vitamin B6, citric acid, K and Na hydrate. Thereafter, her symptoms improved. Conclusion: Case reports of chronic oxalate neuropathy are rare in the literature, and its underlying mechanism has not been understood. Our patient had a history of small bowel resection and cholecystectomy. We considered that her short bowel syndrome had influenced the development of calcium oxalate nephropathy.
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) Induced Angiogenesis During Chicken Embryogenesis is Abolished by Combined ETA/ETB Receptor Blockade
Authors: Wang Guang , Li Pei-zhi , Zhang Shi-yao , Zhong Shan , Chu Chang , Zeng Shufei , Yan Yu , Cheng Xin , Chuai Manli , Hocher Berthold , Yang Xuesong
Published: August 2018

Background/Aims: Angiogenesis plays a key role during embryonic development. The vascular endothelin (ET) system is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) could induce angiogenesis. The effects of ET blockers on baseline and LPS-stimulated angiogenesis during embryonic development remain unknown so far. Methods: The blood vessel density (BVD) of chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs), which were treated with saline (control), LPS, and/or BQ123 and the ETB blocker BQ788, were quantified and analyzed using an IPP 6.0 image analysis program. Moreover, the expressions of ET-1, ET-2, ET3, ET receptor A (ETRA), ET receptor B (ETRB) and VEGFR2 mRNA during embryogenesis were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: All components of the ET system are detectable during chicken embryogenesis. LPS increased angiogenesis substantially. This process was completely blocked by the treatment of a combination of the ETA receptor blockers-BQ123 and the ETB receptor blocker BQ788. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in ETRA, ETRB, and VEGFR2 gene expression. However, the baseline angiogenesis was not affected by combined ETA/ETB receptor blockade. Conclusion: During chicken embryogenesis, the LPS-stimulated angiogenesis, but not baseline angiogenesis, is sensitive to combined ETA/ETB receptor blockade.
Leiomioma de esôfago com características epidemiológicas anormais: relato de caso
Authors: Pereira Francini De Barrios , Leão Bruno Da Costa , Leli Luiz Fernando , Lima Marcelo De Paula
Published: August 2018

Introdução: Apesar da raridade, o leiomioma de esôfago é o tumor benigno não-epitelial mais frequentemente encontrado neste órgão. Relato de Caso: Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 73 anos diagnosticada, inicialmente, com massa esofágica a esclarecer, oligossintómatica. Realizou-se uma TC de tórax que evidenciou a presença de tumoração em mediastino posterior, proveniente da parede proximal do esôfago de crescimento extraluminal. Foi realizada uma endoscopia digestiva alta com biopsia da lesão, porém essa foi inconclusiva. Optou-se por conduta cirúrgica, através de uma toracotomia direita, sendo o tumor esofágico enucleado e a parede esofágica reconstruída. O anatomopatológico e imuno-histoquímico confirmaram o diagnóstico de leiomioma esofágico. Conclusão: O caso possui características epidemiológicas atípicas, sendo elas a faixa etária, o sexo e localização do leiomioma de esôfago. Além disso, a revisão bibliográfica enfatiza a raridade desta patologia, que geralmente é um achado incidental em exames de imagem ou endoscópicos, sendo um desafio diagnóstico e terapêutico.
Cop to Conductor: Negotiating and Remapping Meaning in Existing Public Art
Authors: Berreth Todd
Published: August 2018

There is a crisis in our communities about the tributes to a shared civic life represented in existing public artwork and monuments. Culture wars are being waged herein and appear increasingly unreconcilable. This paper discusses this moment and describes the range of strategies artists and designers have used to remediate these works. It presents a project description of an interactive artwork that suggests innovative approaches in this realm. The author introduces a conceptual model which served as inspiration for the piece that may be useful when discussing and designing such interventions.
‘Mixed Emotions’: Love, Resentment and the Declaration of Independence
Authors: Temple Kathryn
Published: August 2018

This essay explores the value of the ‘mixed emotions’ of love and resentment for constitutional patriotism through a close reading of the Declaration of Independence set in the context of first, the history of resentment, and secondly, theories of justice. After introducing the conceptual framework through a discussion of mixed emotions and constitutional patriotism, the essay turns to a discussion of the Declaration as a ‘sticky’ emotional object meant to evoke both love and resentment. A brief historical account of shifts in understandings of resentment suggests the value of this emotion as a democratic emotion related to justice. Finally, the essay offers some contemporary examples of expressions of resentment in relation to the Declaration to advocate for a redirection of resentment. It concludes by arguing that the love for democratic ideals is inseparable from the resentment inspired by failing to enact those ideals in daily life. Thus, resentment, if directed at the appropriate targets, can be a useful emotion for mobilising constitutional patriotism.
Performing Justice
Authors: Allen Jessie
Published: August 2018

Formal legal process is sometimes viewed as a rational intervention in bias, including the emotional biases stirred by ‘constitutional patriotism’. At the same time, critics have attacked the histrionic aspects of legal process as a trumped-up show that manipulates our emotions. I agree that adjudication is a performance, but I believe the very obvious artificiality of that performance may be its saving grace. The critique of what Jeremy Bentham called ‘theatre of justice’ ignores the way we see through the artifice of judicial process, even as we are morally and emotionally stirred by its effects. Courtroom performances do not produce objectively unbiased and uniquely correct legal outcomes. But they may provide some legitimacy for enforcing those outcomes by enacting a patently illusory ideal justice and confronting us with the gap between that ideal and our lived reality.
Collective Emotions, History Writing and Change: The Case of the Pataria (Milan, Eleventh Century)
Authors: Nagy Piroska
Published: August 2018

What are collective emotions and how should we deal with accounts of them in historical narratives? Addressing these questions through a case study of the movement of the Pataria in Milan (1057−1075), this essay reflects on some mechanisms used to assign collective emotions by authors of medieval narratives. It argues that while individual and collective emotions are not distinct in the Latin vocabulary of eleventh-century texts, the authors still had a clear idea of what we call collective emotions, which they closely linked to political mobilisation and upheaval. Although the assignation of emotions to public actors formed part of a rhetoric of denigration, the essay argues that one cannot understand public emotions in these texts solely as a rhetorical effect within what Ranajit Guha calls ‘the prose of counter-insurgency’.
Making the Charter Great: Claiming Rights in Law’s Visual and Emotional Vernacular
Authors: Halliday Paul D.
Published: August 2018

Magna Carta is great not because of its words; it is great because it long ago became an icon through which we envision an expanding array of rights. Lawyers ca.1600 began its transformation from text to icon. Non-lawyers took up this process, invoking the Charter-as-icon to make new demands of what law must be. Eighteenth-century caricaturists made the Charter a literal icon, by which rights of all kinds might be asserted and defended. The visual language of satire provoked emotional engagement with the Charter as the chief means for rights claiming. The Charter, its text long obscured, continues to work at a visceral level, making it the means by which people around the world claim rights as citizens of individual states and as humans under international law. In this way, a peculiarly English constitutional patriotism has produced a global idiom for asserting rights.
A Critique of ‘Literary Worlds’ in World Literature Theory
Authors: Johnson Ryan
Published: August 2018

Recently, critics of world literature such as Alexander Beecroft, Eric Hayot, and Haun Saussy have argued that a multitude of possible literary worlds make up the world of world literature. Literary worlds theory provides a richer and more relativistic account of how literary production and analysis work than do similar models such as Franco Moretti’s and Pascale Casanova’s world literary systems. However, the theory runs into two difficulties: it downplays the socio-historical situation of the critic and the text; and it has difficulty accounting for the cross-world identity of characters and how logically inconsistent worlds access one another. To refine the theory, I modify G.E.R. Lloyd’s concept of the “multidimensionality” of reality and literature. Strengthening Lloyd’s concept through reference to recent work in comparative East-West philosophy, I contend that the addition of Lloyd’s theory resolves the problems presented above while still allowing for a relativistic critical approach to world literature.
Evaluation of Neonates With Suspected Congenital Heart Disease: A New Cost-Effective Algorithm
Authors: Minocha Prashant , Agarwal Arpit , Jivani Nurin , Swaminathan Sethuraman
Published: August 2018

We assessed the value of existing guidelines for the evaluation of suspected congenital heart disease (CHD) in term neonates and propose a revised algorithm. Retrospective chart review of newborns referred for cardiac evaluation at a tertiary care center was performed. A total of 777 newborns qualified for the study. Among these, 3 critical and 8 major CHD were identified. The sensitivity of the combination of abnormal physical examination and pulse oximetry screening for major and critical CHD was 100%. The cost to detect a case of critical CHD, based on echocardiograms done for all abnormal electrocardiograms, was 3.4 times more than that incurred for performing this test on the basis of abnormal pulse oximetry and physical examination. Adding electrocardiogram to CHD screening increases cost without adding diagnostic yield. Based on our findings, we propose a revised algorithm for a systematic cost-effective approach to cardiac evaluation of term newborns with suspected CHD.
50,000 Chicagoans in Evening Schools
Authors: Lunak Charles J.
Published: August 2018

Adult education in Chicago has been developing over a period of seventy-five years. Today there are twenty-five fully organized evening schools and many special classes. One of these classes is attended by scrubwomen after most folks are in bed.
Baltimore Principals Grow in Service
Authors: Johnson Helen M. , Melvin Ethel B. , Stromberg Helen , Sultzer Mary F. , Carroll James G. , Clark Norman L.
Published: August 2018

In this report, prepared for the Journal of Education by a Committee of the Baltimore Principals Association, various practical devices for increasing the effectiveness of the Principal are outlined.
Guidance in a North Carolina County
Authors: Proctor R. S.
Published: August 2018

Instruction in the schools of Craven County has been vitalized and given new purpose as a result of the guidance program introduced under the enthusiastic leadership of Superintendent Proctor.
What Next in Fitting for Life Work?
Authors: Partch C. E.
Published: August 2018

“The choice of a life work is the most important choice we ever make; yet for many there seems to be no choice…. It is not easy to choose wisely. No one can know for what he is fitted without such an analysis of abilities, opportunities, and desires as few persons can make unaided.
Problems of Personality
Authors: Myers Garry Cleveland
Published: August 2018

Author, “The Learner and His Attitude,” “The Modern Parent,” “Building Personality in the Child.”

II—When Pupils Ask Questions in Class

“We unfortunately tend to be so encumbered by our school program that we are apt to feel annoyed often by the pupil's questions. Most annoyed are we when he asks us a question that we cannot answer.”
Problems of Personality
Authors: Myers Garry Cleveland
Published: August 2018

“How does the child feel who is laughed at ?… The more the child suffers from ridicule, the more tempted is his teacher to turn it upon him.” She means no harm to the child, but—
How are you Meeting the Challenge?
Authors: Meek Charles S.
Published: August 2018

“Now is our opportunity to render invaluable service. In order to measure up to what is now demanded of us we must apply in our own lives what we have taught children—the standards of productive living.”
The Up-to-Date Elementary School
Authors: Morrison J. Cayce
Published: August 2018

“Who today can say that arithmetic is more essential than music to the happiness or success of our people? … Whatever his special gifts may be, we expect the school to help each child discover those talents and cultivate them.”
Carrying Books to the People of Iowa
Authors: Robinson Julia A.
Published: August 2018

“Books as accessible to everybody in the small towns and in the country as they are now to people in large towns, is the objective of the Iowa Library Commission.”
We Must Consider Tomorrow
Authors: Samuelson Agnes
Published: August 2018

Returning from Chicago's “Century of Progress,” Miss Samuelson visualized some of the duties that lie ahead for education.
Treasures in Heaven
Authors: Fowler Burton P.
Published: August 2018

Ah, those intangible rewards of teaching! While they lurk around the corner, enjoy Mr. Fowler's humorous viewpoint.
Conserving Classroom Time
Authors: Burr Samuel Engle
Published: August 2018

To waste two minutes for a class of thirty is to steal an hour. Here ore many hints on time-honesty.
It's Time to Shift Gears
Authors: Haigie C. E.
Published: August 2018

Indictments like the following may be thought-provoking or merely provoking. Which way do they act on you?
Education for the Common Defense
Authors: Ashby Lyle
Published: August 2018

Suggestions for every school's observance of American Education Week, November 10–16.
Your Own Psychology
Authors: Ekstein Rudolf
Published: August 2018

Here are some pointers for self-checking. Don't most of us behave at times like children?
The Fallacy of the Passing Grade
Authors: Ash I. O.
Published: August 2018

“There is no such thing as a definite passing mark of a definite percentage value.”
History—For Facts or Wisdom?
Authors: Adams Arthur
Published: August 2018

“The true historian is the man who seeks to understand the meaning of the past and to use that comprehension in the present.”
Can We Leave out Religion?
Authors: Torzella Lucy
Published: August 2018

“Let us not sell our children short. They are the next generation who will carry America forward.”
Who Wants to be a Public Speaker?
Authors: Champlin Carroll D.
Published: August 2018

Maybe more of those “deep thinkers” on college faculties should learn to put themselves across.
Education in Israel
Authors: Walton Alfred Grant
Published: August 2018

Dr. Alfred Frank Walton, presently pastor of the Flatbush-Tompkins Congregational Church in Brooklyn, New York, has had a distinguished career embracing earlier parishes, radio preaching for several years and television programs. In addition he has written several books, served on many philanthropic boards and traveled extensively throughout Europe.
Television Goes to Elementary Art Classes!
Authors: Sawyer John R.
Published: August 2018

Presently Supervisor of Art Education in the Needham (Mass.) Public Schools, John R. Sawyer has a varied background in art work including teaching art education courses and commercial illustrations and photography. Oil and water color painting is his hobby. His family share his art interest and together their project is remodeling their home, landscaping and gardening.