Immunohistochemical features of the collagen’ formation in the uterus of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by preeclampsia of different stage of severity
Authors: Kupriianova L. , Pakhlivanzade A. 
Published: November 2021

In the following article we are going to provide the results of research on uterus’ structure in case of fetuses with a gestational term of 21-28 weeks from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by PE of different severity stage (15 cases) comparing to one in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy (15 cases). All fetuses have died intranatally as a result of an acute disorder in uterine-placental and uterine-fetal circulation. The research methods: macroscopic, organometric, histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric and statictical. By applying an organometric method we have revealed a probable decrease of indexes of weight, length and thickness of the uterine’ wall in case of fetuses from mothers with PE comparing to ones in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. The observative histological research had not revealed any significant changes in the strucutre of the organs’ wall in case of fetuses from the study groups. Thus, all organs were represented by mucous, muscular and serous membranes with a clear boundary between them. The comparative morphometric research had revealed the following features of the uterus’ wall structure in case of fetuses from mothers with PE. The indexes of thickness of all structural components of the organ’s wall were clearly decreased comparing to ones in case of fetuses from mothers with a physiological pregnancy. In the uterine endometrium of fetuses from mothers with PE of moderate stage of severity the features of proliferative (hormonal) activity are taking place, however, in the meanwhile, in case of organs of fetuses from mothers with PE of severe stage of severity we could notice a probable decrease of glands’ number as well as a lack of a proliferative activity in them (hypoplastic changes). By applying immunohistochemical method with using MCAT to CD 95 we have disclosed a probable increase of an apoptotic index in organs of fetuses from mothers with a complicated pregnancy towards one in case of fetuses from healthy mothers. Among the specific features of the uterine myometrium strucutre in case of fetuses from mothers with PE we could name the following ones: decrease of the vascular component percentage as well as increase growth of the connective tissue. Moreover, the structure of the connective tissue is represented mostly by the collagen of the III type, while, in case of organs of fetuses from healthy mothers the collagen of the I type prevails. In walls of the vessels of arterial type in case of uterus of fetuses from mothers with PE we could notice an increased glow of the collagen of the III type as well as a probable decrease of glow in case of collagen of the IV type. However, in case of organs’ vessels of fetuses from healthy mothers we could notice an increse of glow of the collagen of the IV type. There is a fact, which attracts an attention to it. Namely, all aforementioned changes in the uterine wall in case of fetuses from mothers with PE are minimally manifested, when the mild course of disease took place, and was maximally manifested in case of severe one. All changes in the uterus in case of fetuses from mothers with PE of different stage of severity, that were postulated above, could contribute to formation of glanduar hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, precancerous diseases as well as endometrial cancer in the subsequent ontogenesis, as well as it could lead to impaired pregnancy and infertility. All aforementioned changes in organs of fetuses from mothers, whose pregnancy was complicated by PE of different stage of severity, were connected with changes in the vascular bed of the mother-placenta-fetus system as well as with endocrine disorders, that take place in case of this pathology, in the organism of pregnant woman.