bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed dormancy, climate changes, desertification and soil use transformation threaten the Mediterranean endemic monospecific plant Petagnaea gussonei
Authors: Bonanno Giuseppe , Veneziano Vincenzo
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the germination capacity (endogenous factor) of Petagnaea gussonei (Spreng.) Rauschert, an endemic monospecific plant considered as a relict species of the ancient Mediterranean Tertiary flora. This investigation focused also on the temporal trends of soil-use, climate and desertification (exogenous factors) across the natural range of P. gussonei. The final germination percentage showed low values between 14 and 32%, the latter obtained with GA3 and agar at 10 °C. The rising temperatures in the study area will further increase the dormancy of P. gussonei, whose germination capacity was lower and slower at temperatures higher than 10 °C. A further limiting factor of P. gussonei is its dormancy, which seems to be morpho-physiological. Regarding climate trends, in the period 1931–2020, the average temperature increased by 0.5 °C, from 15.4 to 15.9 °C, in line with the projected climate changes throughout the twenty-first century across the Mediterranean region. The average annual rainfall showed a relatively constant value of c. 900 mm, but extreme events grew considerably in the period 1991–2020. Similarly, the land affected by desertification expanded in an alarming way, by increasing from 21.2% in 2000 to 47.3% in 2020. Soil-use changes created also a complex impacting mosaic where c. 40% are agricultural areas. The effective conservation of P. gussonei should be multilateral by relying on germplasm banks, improving landscape connectivity and vegetation cover, and promoting climate policies.
Analyzing the changing trend of corneal biomechanical properties under different influencing factors in T2DM patients
Authors: Tang Juan , Lin Zhiwu , Liu Xingde , Li Biao , Wu Xiaoli , Lv Jing , Qi Xing , Lin Sheng , Dai Chuanqiang , Li Tao
Published: April 2024

To analyze the changing trend of CH and CRF values under different influencing factors in T2DM patients. A total of 650 patients with T2DM were included. We discovered that the course of T2DM, smoking history, BMI, and FBG, DR, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were common risk factors for T2DM, while HDL-C levels were a protective factor. Analyzing the CH and CRF values according to the course of diabetes, we discovered that as T2DM continued to persist, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. Moreover, with the increase in FBG levels and the accumulation of HbA1c, the values of CH and CRF gradually decreased. In addition, in patients with HbA1c (%) > 12, the values of CH and CRF decreased the most, falling by 1.85 ± 0.33 mmHg and 1.28 ± 0.69 mmHg, respectively. Compared with the non-DR group, the CH and CRF values gradually decreased in the mild-NPDR, moderate-NPDR, severe-NPDR and PDR groups, with the lowest CH and CRF values in the PDR group. In patients with T2DM, early measurement of corneal biomechanical properties to evaluate the change trend of CH and CRF values in different situations will help to identify and prevent diabetic keratopathy in a timely manner.
An integrated modeling approach for estimating monthly global rainfall erosivity
Authors: Fenta Ayele A. , Tsunekawa Atsushi , Haregeweyn Nigussie , Yasuda Hiroshi , Tsubo Mitsuru , Borrelli Pasquale , Kawai Takayuki , Belay Ashebir S. , Ebabu Kindiye , Berihun Mulatu L. , Sultan Dagnenet , Setargie Tadesual A. , Elnashar Abdelrazek , Arshad Arfan , Panagos Panos
Published: April 2024

Modeling monthly rainfall erosivity is vital to the optimization of measures to control soil erosion. Rain gauge data combined with satellite observations can aid in enhancing rainfall erosivity estimations. Here, we presented a framework which utilized Geographically Weighted Regression approach to model global monthly rainfall erosivity. The framework integrates long-term (2001–2020) mean annual rainfall erosivity estimates from IMERG (Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission’s Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM) with station data from GloREDa (Global Rainfall Erosivity Database, n = 3,286 stations). The merged mean annual rainfall erosivity was disaggregated into mean monthly values based on monthly rainfall erosivity fractions derived from the original IMERG data. Global mean monthly rainfall erosivity was distinctly seasonal; erosivity peaked at ~ 200 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 month−1 in June–August over the Northern Hemisphere and ~ 700 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 month−1 in December–February over the Southern Hemisphere, contributing to over 60% of the annual rainfall erosivity over large areas in each hemisphere. Rainfall erosivity was ~ 4 times higher during the most erosive months than the least erosive months (December–February and June–August in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere, respectively). The latitudinal distributions of monthly and seasonal rainfall erosivity were highly heterogeneous, with the tropics showing the greatest erosivity. The intra-annual variability of monthly rainfall erosivity was particularly high within 10–30° latitude in both hemispheres. The monthly rainfall erosivity maps can be used for improving spatiotemporal modeling of soil erosion and planning of soil conservation measures.
Secular changes in eruption of primary teeth in Chinese infants and young children from three national cross-sectional surveys
Authors: Zhang Ya-qin , Zong Xin-nan , Wu Hua-hong , Li Hui
Published: April 2024

The eruption of primary teeth is a basic event during physical development of children, which is affected by heredity and environment. This study aimed to analyze the changes in primary teeth eruption among Chinese children with social development. A total of 249,264 healthy children under 2 years were extracted from the 1995, 2005, and 2015 National Survey on the Physical Growth and Development of Children in Nine Cities of China. Their primary teeth were examined and percentiles of primary teeth eruption age were calculated by probit analysis. The median primary teeth eruption age were 6.8 months, 6.7 months, 6.6 months in 1995, 2005 and 2015. Primary teeth eruption age of boys was 0.2 months, 0.3 months, 0.3 months earlier than that of girls in 1995, 2005 and 2015. Primary teeth eruption age was the earliest in children from northern region and was the latest in children from southern region, and this regional difference did not change over time. These findings suggest that primary teeth eruption age slightly advanced with social development, and their gender difference and regional difference have always existed, which supplied some data for understanding the secular trend of primary teeth development in stomatology, pediatrics, anthropology, and other related fields.
Comparative impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy or diet alone on beta-cell function in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Lannoo Matthias , Simoens Caroline , Vangoitsenhoven Roman , Gillard Pieter , D’Hoore André , De Vadder Mieke , Mertens Ann , Deleus Ellen , Steenackers Nele , Mathieu Chantal , Van der Schueren Bart
Published: April 2024

Although bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes by inducing weight loss and augmenting gut hormone secretion, the immediate effect on beta-cell function itself remains to be elucidated in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, a prospective, randomized trial was performed in 30 patients with insulin-treated type 2 diabetes and a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in combination with protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF), or to PSMF alone. Eu- and hyperglycemic clamps were performed before and 3 weeks after surgery and/or PSMF initiation. The primary outcome was the evolution of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function after surgery, calculated using the composite measures of glucose disposal rate, insulin secretion rate, and disposition index (DI). Results revealed that markers of insulin sensitivity increased similarly in all arms (p = 0.43). A higher marker for maximal beta-cell function was observed when comparing SG to PSMF (p = 0.007). The DI showed a clear positive evolution after RYGB and SG, but not after PSMF alone. Altogether, these findings indicate that bariatric surgery results in an immediate beta-cell function recovery in insulin-treated type 2 diabetes.
Exploring the factors influencing public intention for spectator sports consumption based on grounded theory
Authors: Wang Fenghao , Zhou Junhua , Fan Chenyu
Published: April 2024

Spectator sports consumption serves as a vital component in the development of the sports industry. However, numerous challenges exist in fostering public engagement in this domain. Therefore, in order to explore the factors that influence public participation in spectator sport consumption, this study analyzes the intention to participate in spectator sports consumption from the perspective of consumers. On this basis, Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 25 members of the public, and three levels of coding were analyzed using the qualitative research method of procedural rooting theory and establish a model on the influence of public intention to participate in spectator sports consumption, and on this basis, we reveal the influence of crucial elements. The results of the study indicate that: Firstly, personal and psychological factors are significant internal drivers, while external drivers cover product and contextual factors. Secondly, the key to filling the attitudinal and behavioral gaps is the depth of perception individually, which is of great importance in increasing public participation. Thirdly, external contextual factors impacting consumer support primarily consist of external incentives, social influences, and urban contextual variables, which also serve a moderating role in the integration model. The results suggest that guiding the public to actively participate in spectator sport consumption should be based on an understanding of individual perceptions, emotions as well as attitudes. This paper develops a model examining public motivation to engage in spectator sports locally in China, pinpoints the primary influencing factors and mechanisms, and presents novel concepts for the sustainable growth of the sports sector.
Development and experimental validation of an energy metabolism-related gene signature for diagnosing of osteoporosis
Authors: Lu Yao , Wen Wen , Huang Qiang , Duan Ning , Li Ming , Zhang Kun , Li Zhong , Sun Liang , Wang Qian
Published: April 2024

Osteoporosis is usually caused by excessive bone resorption and energy metabolism plays a critical role in the development of osteoporosis. However, little is known about the role of energy metabolism-related genes in osteoporosis. This study aimed to explore the important energy metabolism-related genes involved in the development of osteoporosis and develop a diagnosis signature for osteoporosis. The GSE56814, GSE62402, and GSE7158 datasets were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus. The intersection of differentially expressed genes between high and low levels of body mineral density (BMD) and genes related to energy metabolism were screened as differentially expressed energy metabolism genes (DE-EMGs). Subsequently, a DE-EMG-based diagnostic model was constructed and differential expression of genes in the model was validated by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic curve and nomogram model were constructed to evaluate the predictive ability of the diagnostic model. Finally, the immune cell types in the merged samples and networks associated with the selected optimal DE-EMGs were constructed. A total of 72 overlapped genes were selected as DE-EMGs, and a five DE-EMG based diagnostic model consisting B4GALT4, ADH4, ACAD11, B4GALT2, and PPP1R3C was established. The areas under the curve of the five genes in the merged training dataset and B4GALT2 in the validation dataset were 0.784 and 0.790, respectively. Moreover, good prognostic prediction ability was observed using the nomogram model (C index = 0.9201; P = 5.507e−14). Significant differences were observed in five immune cell types between the high- and low-BMD groups. These included central memory, effector memory, and activated CD8 T cells, as well as regulatory T cells and activated B cells. A network related to DE-EMGs was constructed, including hsa-miR-23b-3p, DANCR, 17 small-molecule drugs, and two Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways, including metabolic pathways and pyruvate metabolism. Our findings highlighted the important roles of DE-EMGs in the development of osteoporosis. Furthermore, the DANCR/hsa-miR-23b-3p/B4GALT4 axis might provide novel molecular insights into the process of osteoporosis development.
A cyclical switch of gametogenic pathways in hybrids depends on the ploidy level
Authors: Dedukh Dmitrij , Marta Anatolie , Myung Ra-Yeon , Ko Myeong-Hun , Choi Da-Song , Won Yong-Jin , Janko Karel
Published: April 2024

The cellular and molecular mechanisms governing sexual reproduction are conserved across eukaryotes. Nevertheless, hybridization can disrupt these mechanisms, leading to asexual reproduction, often accompanied by polyploidy. In this study, we investigate how ploidy level and ratio of parental genomes in hybrids affect their reproductive mode. We analyze the gametogenesis of sexual species and their diploid and triploid hybrids from the freshwater fish family Cobitidae, using newly developed cytogenetic markers. We find that diploid hybrid females possess oogonia and oocytes with original (diploid) and duplicated (tetraploid) ploidy. Diploid oocytes cannot progress beyond pachytene due to aberrant pairing. However, tetraploid oocytes, which emerge after premeiotic genome endoreplication, exhibit normal pairing and result in diploid gametes. Triploid hybrid females possess diploid, triploid, and haploid oogonia and oocytes. Triploid and haploid oocytes cannot progress beyond pachytene checkpoint due to aberrant chromosome pairing, while diploid oocytes have normal pairing in meiosis, resulting in haploid gametes. Diploid oocytes emerge after premeiotic elimination of a single-copied genome. Triploid hybrid males are sterile due to aberrant pairing and the failure of chromosomal segregation during meiotic divisions. Thus, changes in ploidy and genome dosage may lead to cyclical alteration of gametogenic pathways in hybrids.
Introduction to Nanoengineering
Authors: Lipomi Darren J. , Ramji Robert S.
Published: April 2024

This book provides a foundation in the burgeoning field of nanoengineering. That is, the exploitation (for the benefit of society) of materials and physical effects that occur on the scale of 1 to 100 nanometers.

With an emphasis on the effects of size confinement and the forces which arise between molecules, nanoparticles, and surfaces, the book includes chapters on light–matter interactions (especially of metallic and semiconducting nanocrystals), organic nanostructures, lithography and nanomanufacturing, methods of spectroscopy and visualization, and applications in energy, environmental science, and human health.

Written by Darren Lipomi PhD, a Professor of Nanoengineering at UC San Diego, along with Robert Ramji, the book is written in an engaging, jargon-free style. Its use of video supplements and cache of 150 solved problems meets students’ needs regardless of their background of prior courses, yet it contains sufficient depth to satisfy the most curious beginners to the subject.

The approach follows the model of teaching from the top down. That is to provide a framework of concepts into which the content of future courses on nanoengineering, nanotechnology, or nanoscience will fit. The text also provides an inviting introduction to the field for students in chemistry, physics, biology, and a broad range of engineering disciplines.
Giant auxetic behavior in remote-plasma synthesized few-layer tungsten semicarbide
Authors: Stocek Noah B. , Ullah Farman , Fanchini Giovanni
Published: April 2024

We show how remote-plasma synthesis far from thermodynamic equilibrium yields unprecedented 2D crystals and demonstrates the first synthesis of 2D tungsten semicarbide, which was known from theoretical predictions to exhibit giant auxetic behavior.
Metrology for 2D materials: a perspective review from the international roadmap for devices and systems
Authors: Celano Umberto , Schmidt Daniel , Beitia Carlos , Orji George , Davydov Albert V. , Obeng Yaw
Published: April 2024

The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) predicts the integration of 2D materials into high-volume manufacturing as channel materials within the next decade, primarily in ultra-scaled and low-power devices.
Electrochemical copolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene and dithienothiophene: influence of feed ratio on electrical, optical and electrochromic properties
Authors: Kedia Rashi , Khatak Manisha , Balkhandia Manisha , Patra Asit
Published: April 2024

Three different copolymers P[EDOT-co-DTT] were electrochemically synthesized by using different feed ratios of monomers in MeCN/TBAClO4 medium. These copolymers show new properties as compared to homopolymers for electronic applications.
Silica-based monoliths functionalized with DTPA for the removal of transition and lanthanide ions from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ancora Gioele , Marchesi Stefano , Botta Mauro , Marchese Leonardo , Carniato Fabio , Bisio Chiara
Published: April 2024

DTPA-functionalized silica monoliths were used as solid sorbents for the metal ions from aqueous solutions. These monoliths exhibit high capture efficiency and they are more manageable in comparison to conventional powders.
The post-synthesis modification (PSM) of MOFs for catalysis
Authors: Gadzikwa Tendai , Matseketsa Pricilla
Published: April 2024

The covalent, post-synthesis modification of metal–organic frameworks is an efficient strategy for producing complex pore environments, bringing us closer to the goal of constructing enzyme-like catalysts.
Anomalous superionic conductivity in van der Waals lithium thiophosphates triggered by interlayer molecules
Authors: Liang Jianing , Wu Yu , Sun Zongdong , Zeng Cheng , Liu Youwen , Zhao Yinghe , Zhai Tianyou , Li Huiqiao
Published: April 2024

Layered LiInP2S6 can trigger an anomalous superionic conductivity of 5.3 × 10−3 S cm−1 in a solid hydrated phase by interlayer molecules uptake, which is enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude compared to that in an anhydrous phase.
Efficient doped and non-doped light-emitting diodes based on a TADF-emitting Cu4Br4 cluster
Authors: Lu Xin , Wu Shao-Jie , Wang Ya-Shu , Wei Shan-Yue , Meng Lingyi , Huang Xi-He , Chen Xu-Lin , Lu Can-Zhong
Published: April 2024

A sublimable Cu4Br4 cluster, chelated by bidentate N^P ligands with a donor–acceptor configuration, realizes highly efficient doped and non-doped cluster light-emitting diodes.
Synthesis of a helical boron-doped PAH by post-functionalization of 3,9-diboraperylene
Authors: Mützel Carina , Shoyama Kazutaka , Krause Ana-Maria , Würthner Frank
Published: April 2024

A doubly helical boron-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was synthesized, which showed a low LUMO level, a high absorption coefficient and fluorescence (ΦF = 0.73), combined with a one-dimensional π–π stacking interaction in the solid state.
High-efficiency non-thermal plasma synthesis of imine macrocycles
Authors: Roszkowska Patrycja , Scholes Abbie M. , Walsh James L. , Easun Timothy L. , Slater Anna G.
Published: April 2024

Non-thermal plasma synthesis offers efficient access to imine macrocycles.
Enhancing the performance of heterogeneous palladium based catalysts in the mild reductive depolymerization of soda lignin through addition of a non-noble metal and tuning of the preparation strategy
Authors: De Saegher Tibo , Atanasova Boyana , Vermeir Pieter , Van Geem Kevin M. , De Clercq Jeriffa , Verberckmoes An , Lauwaert Jeroen
Published: April 2024

Addition of a non-noble metal and tuning of the preparation strategy, can dramatically reduce the synthesis costs of Pd nanoparticle catalysts while also increasing activity and steering product selectivity.
Modeling the secular evolution of embedded protoplanetary disks
Authors: Mauxion J. , Lesur G. , Maret S.
Published: April 2024

Context. Protoplanetary disks are known to form around nascent stars from their parent molecular cloud as a result of angular momentum conservation. As they progressively evolve and dissipate, they also form planets. While a lot of modeling efforts have been dedicated to their formation, the question of their secular evolution, from the so-called class 0 embedded phase to the class II phase where disks are believed to be isolated, remains poorly understood.

Aims. We aim to explore the evolution between the embedded stages and the class II stage. We focus on the magnetic field evolution and the long-term interaction between the disk and the envelope.

Methods. We used the GPU accelerated code IDEFIX to perform a 3D, barotropic, non ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) secular core collapse simulation that covers the system evolution from the collapse of the pre-stellar core until 100 kyr after the first hydrostatic core formation and the disk settling while ensuring sufficient vertical and azimuthal resolutions (down to 10−2 au) to properly resolve the disk internal dynamics and non axisymmetric perturbations.

Results. The disk evolution leads to a power-law gas surface density in Keplerian rotation that extends up to a few 10 au. The magnetic flux trapped in the disk during the initial collapse decreases from 100 mG at disk formation down to 1 mG by the end of the simulation. After the formation of the first hydrostatic core, the system evolves in three phases. A first phase with a small (∼10 au), unstable, strongly accreting (∼ 10−5 M⊙ yr−1) disk that loses magnetic flux over the first 15 kyr, a second phase where the magnetic flux is advected with a smooth, expanding disk fed by the angular momentum of the infalling material, and a final phase with a gravitationally regulated ∼60 au disk accreting at at few 10−7 M⊙ yr−1. The initial isotropic envelope eventually feeds large-scale vertically extended accretion streamers, with accretion rates similar to that onto the protostar (∼ 10−6 M⊙ yr−1). Some of the streamer material collides with the disk’s outer edge and produces accretion shocks, but a significant fraction of the material lands on the disk surface without producing any noticeable discontinuity.

Conclusions. While the initial disk size and magnetization are set by magnetic braking, self-gravity eventually drives accretion, so that the disk ends up in a gravitationally regulated state. This evolution from magnetic braking to self-gravity is due to the weak coupling between the gas and the magnetic field once the disk has settled. The weak magnetic field at the end of the class I phase (Bz ∼ 1 mG) is a result of the magnetic flux dilution in the disk as it expands from its initial relatively small size. This expansion should not be interpreted as a viscous expansion, as it is driven by newly accreted material from large-scale streamers with large specific angular momentum.
Tidal evolution of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of low-mass stars
Authors: Valente E. F. S. , Correia A. C. M. , Auclair-Desrotour P. , Farhat M. , Laskar J.
Published: April 2024

Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of low-mass stars undergo strong tidal effects that modify their spin states. These planets are expected to host dense atmospheres that can also play an important role in the spin evolution. On one hand, gravitational tides tend to synchronise the rotation with the orbital mean motion, but on the other hand, thermal atmospheric tides push the rotation away and may lead to asynchronous equilibria. Here, we investigate the complete tidal evolution of Earth-like planets by taking into account the effect of obliquity and eccentric orbits. We adopted an Andrade rheology for the gravitational tides and benchmarked the unknown parameters with the present rotation of Venus. We then applied our model to Earth-like planets, and we show that asynchronous rotation can be expected for planets orbiting stars with masses between 0.4 and 0.9 M⊙ and semi-major axes between 0.2 and 0.7 au. Interestingly, we find that Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of stars with masses ~0.8 M⊙ may end up with an equilibrium rotation of 24 h. We additionally find that these planets can also develop high obliquities, which may help sustain temperate environments.
Likely detection of magnetic field related LFQPO in the soft X-ray rebrightening of GRS 1915+105
Authors: Kong Ling-Da , Ji Long , Santangelo Andrea , Zhou Meng-Lei , Shui Qing-Cang , Zhang Shu
Published: April 2024

Utilizing NICER observations, we present an analysis of the soft X-ray rebrightening event of GRS 1915+105 observed in 2021. During this event, we observed the emergence of a stable long-lasting low-frequency quasi-periodic oscillation (LFQPO) with frequencies ranging from 0.17 to 0.21 Hz. Through a careful spectral analysis, we demonstrate that a low-temperature Compton-thick gas model characterizes the emitted radiation well. By examining the spectrum and identifying numerous absorption lines, we discerned a transition in the wind properties. This transition was marked by a shift from a state characterized by low speed, high column density, and high ionization degree to one featuring still low speed, but low column density and ionization degree. Intriguingly, the presence or absence of the QPO signal is perfectly correlated with these distinct wind characteristics. The low-speed wind observed could be indicative of a “failed wind”, while the observed shift implies a transition from a magnetically to a thermally driven wind. Notably, this QPO signal exclusively manifested itself during the magnetically driven phase, suggesting the possibility of a novel perturbation associated with magnetic effects.
Long-period oscillations in the lower solar atmosphere prior to flare events
Authors: Wiśniewska A. , Korsós M. B. , Kontogiannis I. , Soós Sz. , Erdélyi R.
Published: April 2024

Context. Multiple studies have identified a range of oscillation periods in active regions, from 3−5 min to long-period oscillations that last from tens of minutes to several hours. Recently, it was also suggested that these periods are connected with eruptive activity in the active regions. Thus, it is essential to understand the relation between oscillations in solar active regions and their solar eruption activity.

Aims. We investigate the long-period oscillations of NOAA 12353 prior to a series of C-class flares and correlate the findings with the 3- to 5-min oscillations that were previously studied in the same active region. The objective of this work is to elucidate the presence of various oscillations with long periods in the lower solar atmosphere both before and after the flare events.

Methods. To detect long-period oscillations, we assessed the emergence, shearing, and total magnetic helicity flux components from the photosphere to the top of the chromosphere. To analyze the magnetic helicity flux in the lower solar atmosphere, we used linear force-free field extrapolation to construct a model of the magnetic field structure of the active region. Subsequently, the location of long-period oscillations in the active region was probed by examining the spectral energy density of the measured intensity signal in the 1700 Å, 1600 Å, and 304 Å channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Significant oscillation periods were determined by means of a wavelet analysis.

Results. Based on the evolution of the three magnetic helicity flux components, 3- to 8-h periods were found both before and after the flare events, spanning from the photosphere to the chromosphere. These 3- to 8-h periods were also evident throughout the active region in the photosphere in the 1700 Å channel. Observations of AIA 1600 Å and 304 Å channels, which cover the chromosphere to the transition region, revealed oscillations of 3−8 h near the region in which the flare occurred. The spatial distribution of the measured long-period oscillations mirror the previously reported distribution of 3- to 5-min oscillations in NOAA 12353 that were seen both before and after the flares.

Conclusions. This case study suggest that the varying oscillation properties in a solar active region could be indicative of future flaring activity.
Estimating the lateral speed of a fast shock driven by a coronal mass ejection at the location of solar radio emissions
Authors: Normo S. , Morosan D. E. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Pomoell J.
Published: April 2024

Context. Fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can drive shock waves capable of accelerating electrons to high energies. These shock-accelerated electrons act as sources of electromagnetic radiation, often in the form of solar radio bursts. Recent findings suggest that radio imaging of solar radio bursts can provide a means to estimate the lateral expansion of CMEs and associated shocks in the low corona.

Aims. Our aim is to estimate the expansion speed of a CME-driven shock at the locations of radio emission using 3D reconstructions of the shock wave from multiple viewpoints.

Methods. In this study, we estimated the 3D location of radio emission using radio imaging from the Nançay Radioheliograph and the 3D location of a CME-driven shock. The 3D shock was reconstructed using white-light and extreme ultraviolet images of the CME from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. The lateral expansion speed of the CME-driven shock at the electron acceleration locations was then estimated using the approximate 3D locations of the radio emission on the surface of the shock.

Results. The radio bursts associated with the CME were found to reside at the flank of the expanding CME-driven shock. We identified two prominent radio sources at two different locations and found that the lateral speed of the shock was between 800 and 1000 km s−1 at these locations. Such a high speed during the early stages of the eruption already indicates the presence of a fast shock in the low corona. We also found a larger ratio between the radial and lateral expansion speed compared to values obtained higher up in the corona.

Conclusions. We estimated for the first time the 3D expansion speed of a CME-driven shock at the location of the accompanying radio emission. The high shock speed obtained is indicative of a fast acceleration during the initial stage of the eruption. This acceleration leading to lateral speeds in the range of 800−1000 km s−1 is most likely one of the key parameters contributing to the presence of metric radio emissions, such as type II radio bursts.
Formation of long-period post-common-envelope binaries
Authors: Belloni Diogo , Schreiber Matthias R. , Zorotovic Monica
Published: April 2024

Context. The vast majority of close binaries containing a compact object, including the progenitors of supernovae Ia and at least a substantial fraction of all accreting black holes in the Galaxy, form through common-envelope (CE) evolution. Despite this importance, we struggle to even understand the energy budget of CE evolution. For decades, observed long-period post-CE binaries have been interpreted as evidence of additional energies contributing during CE evolution. We have recently shown that this argument is based on simplified assumptions for all long-period post-CE binaries containing massive white dwarfs (WDs). The only remaining post-CE binary star that has been claimed to require contributions from additional energy sources to understand its formation is KOI 3278.

Aims. Here, we address in detail the potential evolutionary history of KOI 3278. In particular, we investigate whether extra energy sources, such as recombination energy, are indeed required to explain its existence.

Methods. We used the 1D stellar evolution code MESA to carry out binary evolution simulations and searched for potential formation pathways for KOI 3278 that are able to explain its observed properties.

Results. We find that KOI 3278 can be explained if the WD progenitor filled its Roche lobe during a helium shell flash. In this case, the orbital period of KOI 3278 can be reproduced if the CE binding energy is calculated taking into account gravitational energy and thermodynamic internal energy. While the CE evolution that led to the formation of KOI 3278 must have been efficient – that is, most of the available orbital energy must have been used to unbind the CE – recombination energy is not required.

Conclusions. We conclude that currently not a single observed post-CE binary requires one to assume that energy sources other than gravitational and thermodynamic energy are contributing to CE evolution. KOI 3278, however, remains an intriguing post-CE binary as, unlike its siblings, understanding its existence requires highly efficient CE ejection.
Molecular line polarisation from the circumstellar envelopes of asymptotic giant branch stars
Authors: Vlemmings W. H. T. , Lankhaar B. , Velilla-Prieto L.
Published: April 2024

Context. Polarisation observations of masers in the circumstellar envelopes (CSEs) around asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars have revealed strong magnetic fields. However, masers probe only specific lines of sight through the CSE. Non-masing molecular line polarisation observations can more directly reveal the large-scale magnetic field morphology and hence probe the effect of the magnetic field on AGB mass loss and the shaping of the AGB wind.

Aims. Observations and models of CSE molecular line polarisation can now be used to describe the magnetic field morphology and estimate its strength throughout the entire CSE.

Methods. We used observations taken with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) of molecular line polarisation in the envelope of two AGB stars: CW Leo and R Leo. We modelled the observations using the multi-dimensional polarised radiative transfer tool PORTAL.

Results. We found linearly polarised emission, with maximum fractional polarisation on the order of a few percent, in several molecular lines towards both stars. Towards R Leo, we also found a high level of linear polarisation (up to ∼35%) for one of the SiO v = 1 maser transitions. We can explain the observed differences in polarisation structure between the different molecular lines by alignment of the molecules through a combination of the Goldreich-Kylafis effect and radiative alignment effects. We specifically show that the polarisation of CO traces the morphology of the magnetic field. Competition between the alignment mechanisms allowed us to describe the behaviour of the magnetic field strength as a function of the radius throughout the circumstellar envelope of CW Leo. The magnetic field strength derived using this method is inconsistent with the magnetic field strength derived using a structure-function analysis of the CO polarisation and the strength previously derived using CN Zeeman observations. In contrast with CW Leo, the magnetic field in the outer envelope of R Leo appears to be advected outwards by the stellar wind.

Conclusions. The ALMA observations and our polarised radiative transfer models show the power of using multiple molecular species to trace the magnetic field behaviour throughout the circumstellar envelope. While the observations appear to confirm the existence of a large-scale magnetic field, further observations and modelling are needed to understand the apparent inconsistency of the magnetic field strength derived with different methods in the envelope of CW Leo.
Comparative analysis of actual nutrition and physical performance of volleyball players with organized and free menu
Authors: Abdullayeva Malika , Baktybaeva Laylya , Daulet Guldana , Kirgizbayeva Aray , Yerdanova Gulshirin
Published: April 2024

In the Republic of Kazakhstan there is no control over the menu of sports club athletes. An unbalanced diet affects physical performance during training and competitions and disrupts the recovery process in the post-training period. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of nutritional, anthropometric and physical indicators in female volleyball players with organized and unorganized nutrition. The group of athletes with organized nutrition was represented by female volleyball players of the Karken Akhmetov Republican Specialized College MST RK. The second group with unorganized nutrition was represented by female volleyball players of the sports club of the Academy of Sports and Tourism MST RK. The content of proteins, carbohydrates and monounsaturated fatty acids in the daily meal of students of the Karken Akhmetov Republican Specialized College exceeded the content of these macronutrients in the diet of female volleyball players of the Academy of Sports and Tourism. The diet of the Academy of Sports and Tourism players was not rational or balanced. The anthropometric and physical indicators of female volleyball students of the Karken Akhmetov Republican Specialized College exceeded the physical indicators of female volleyball players of the sports club of the Academy of Sports and Tourism.
Oral administration of Arctium tomentosum Mill. CO2-extract alleviates the diet induced metabolic disorder in mice
Authors: Aitynova Arailym , Ibragimova Nailya , Shalakhmetova Tamara , Nussirbekova Ainur , Ponomareva Galina
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, the metabolic disorder exists along with other pathological conditions, such as hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and gain of the excess abdominal fat. It has negative impact on human health, but especially the liver health. The present work was designed to study the liver supporting effect of ATE on mice with high-fructose and high-sucrose diet induced metabolic disorder. The study was conducted on mice, divided into following groups: NC; untreated MD; group with MD treated by ATE at the doses 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. As a result, the liver supporting effect of ATE at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg was shown in the values of body weight, relative weight of the liver, kidneys and epidydimal fat. The same was observed in plasma biochemistry, in which groups treated with ATE showed normal levels of triglycerides, total and low-density cholesterol, ALT, AST. The treatment by 400 mg/kg ATE significantly inhibited the lipid accumulation and hepatocytes degeneration in the liver histological structure. In conclusion these findings provide the potential therapeutic usefulness into the effects of ATE in the treatment of metabolic disorder. Furthermore, it suggests that ATE has hepatoprotective effect which is conducted via its antioxidant properties.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative methods in biology teaching
Authors: Amirseit Umitay , Bakbergen Sholpan , Temirkhan Akmaral , Bassygarayev Zhandos
Published: April 2024

The goal of our research work is to study the effectiveness of innovative methods of teaching biology. It is difficult to keep the attention of modern students in one direction, because social networks, society, and the development of time are affecting it. Innovative teaching methods increase the student's activity, help in understanding biological terms, their content, memorizing them and increasing their ability to use them in practice. To test the effectiveness of the innovative method, we decided to compare it with the traditional method. We used the following types of innovative methods: technological integration, project-based learning, gamification, experience-based learning, differentiated learning, video and audio lessons, mobile applications. We trained Group B with these methods for 2 weeks, while Group A was taught only with traditional methods. In the traditional method, we lectured only on the topic, students explained what they understood and answered the question. When we taught Group B, we used a combination of innovative methods. For example, audio and video lessons, as well as gamification, were used to explain a lesson on “Ecological Pyramids.” And for tasks related to the topic, mobile applications and project-based learning were used. In the topic “Study of the consistency of ecosystems in your region with the illumination of statistical methods of analysis” the method of learning based on experience was used.
Effects of interval hypoxic training to the cognitive, emotional and physiological indicators of students
Authors: Babashev Abdrazak , Yerlan Ainur , Makashev Erbolat , Baytilesova Dinara , Atanbayeva Gulshat
Published: April 2024

Currently, noninvasive medicine is used more widely due to its safety and naturalness. One of the promising tools of noninvasive medicine is the interval hypoxia training. This method has an extensive corrective effect on the human organism. In this article we present the results of study of the influence of hypoxic training on the cognitive, emotional and physiological functions. Before and after each of 14 sessions lasting one hour, students performed tests to determine the features of memory, level of anxiety and the lung capacity. The study involved 40 male students aged 19- 20 years. It was established that hypobaric adaptation is accompanied by positive changes in the indicators of cognitive, emotional and physiological functions. Indicators of memory capacity and lungs vital capacity increased whereas the levels of situational anxiety decreased. Thus the course of interval hypoxic training has a multifaceted positive effects. It is suggested that beneficial impact of hypobaric adaptation on psychological and physiological functions is explained by ricing and mobilization of organism’s reserve capacity
Study of biochemical markers during the first trimester of pregnancy among women of Almaty city
Authors: Baizhumanova Aruzhan , Sultanova Gulnar , Srailova Gulziya , Abdresheva Gulnara , Kulmurzaeva Lyailya
Published: April 2024

One of actual problems is the birth of children with genetic diseases, such as Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome, Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. Study of level of biochemical markers of the first trimester of pregnancy for diagnose of chromosomal abnormalities in fetus was the purpose and objectives of this research. A risk group was identified, including 684 women on the base of results of studies of biochemical markers of the 1-st trimester of pregnancy – PAPP-A and β-hCG. In these pregnant women, PAPP-A and β-hCG concentrations were higher or lower than normal values. It has been shown that decrease in PAPP-A levels and increase or decrease in β-hCG in the 1-st trimester of pregnancy may indicate the presence of a chromosomal abnormality in the fetus. Next, a pattern has been identified that with increasing women age, the risk of having children with chromosomal abnormalities increases. During the study, it was found that PAPP-A levels are reduced at Down and Edwards syndromes and slightly reduced at Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome. Level of β-hCG is significantly higher at Down syndrome, while at Edwards syndrome, on the contrary, it has reduced values; and at Shereshevsky-Turner syndrome the level of β-hCG has a normal value. Changes in levels of these indicators from norm do not always indicate a fetal pathology, but they are grounds for further medical examination.
Effects of pharmacotherapy on post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis: Systemic review
Authors: Butranova Olga , Baybulatova Elena , Zyryanov Sergey , Kustov Yury
Published: April 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis is one of serious consequences of COVID-19. Its prevalence and risk factors including disease severity, length of mechanical ventilation and hospitalization were studied, but the effect of pharmacotherapy was not widely assessed. This systematic review is aimed to investigate potential effects of drugs used before and during COVID-19 on lung damage possibly leading to pulmonary fibrosis, and effects of post-COVID-19 therapy used to fight formed pulmonary fibrosis. PubMed database was searched to identify studies published in English up to February 10, 2024. The systematic search revealed a total of 580 full-text articles, of which 23 (results of clinical trials) were finally included in the analysis. Most works considering COVID-19 treatment highlighted antibiotics and corticosteroids as groups with the highest frequency of use in patients with negative clinical outcomes and respiratory function decline, suggesting possible negative effects on pulmonary fibrosis development. Pre-COVID-19 treatment revealed rituximab and chemotherapy as main drug factors associated with pulmonary fibrosis development, and post-COVID-19 therapy with antifibrotic drugs revealed discussible results. Our systematic review was an attempt to highlight possible effects of pharmacotherapy on the lung damage leading to the pulmonary fibrosis formation.
Prediction of microRNA target genes for diagnosis and prognosis of asthma development
Authors: Atambayeva Shara , Orazova Saltanat , Yernazarova Gulzira , Turasheva Svetlana , Bekenkali Arailym
Published: April 2024

Given the intricacy of diagnosis, there's an urgent necessity to establish objective and quantifiable biological indicators to enhance the accuracy of diagnosing asthma in its early stages. MicroRNAs emerge as promising candidates for asthma diagnosis. By leveraging the correlations between established target genes and microRNAs, a methodology for early asthma diagnosis can be formulated. A comprehensive database containing microRNAs and target genes implicated in asthma development has been compiled. The dynamics of microRNA interaction with target genes crucial for diagnosing and predicting the progression of asthma have been investigated. Specific microRNA binding sites with target genes involved in asthma development have been pinpointed. Using the DIANA-microTCDS program, features of microRNA interaction with target genes linked to asthma development have been analyzed. Notably, binding sites with significant occurrences have been identified in genes such as IL13, VEGFA, ADRB2, ALDH2, IL10, and DPP10. The conservativity of microRNA binding sites to mRNA genes has been demonstrated.
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by fungi strains of Aspergillus sp.-17, Rhizopus sp.-81, Penicillium sp.-94 isolated from oil-contaminated soils of Azerbaijan
Authors: Ahmadli Agil
Published: April 2024

Environmental security and biocentric lifestyles are the approaches that today’s man must follow and choose, which cause major environmental problems in modern times and threaten the existence of civilization in the future. The soil ecosystem, which is one of the polluted environments, is polluted naturally and anthropogenically because of oil extraction, transportation and accidents that occurred during this time. Undoubtedly, with the constant increase in the need for oil, land recultivation becomes more urgent than ever for the modern era. Although physical, chemical, and biological solutions are proposed for the recultivation of oil-contaminated soil from oil and oil products in modern times, bioremediation is a more favorable, less capital-intensive, environmentally friendly technology from an ecological and economic point of view. Thus, the main purpose of this study is to determine the ability of micromycetes to biodegrade petroleum hydrocarbons and to determine the advantages of bioremediation of lightly and moderately polluted soils with oil using Aspergillus sp.-17. Rhizopus sp.-81, Penicillium sp.-94 fungal strains with high lipolytic activity. It also mentioned tolerance of oil to different hardnesses.