bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolic Outcomes of Changing From Rilpivirine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine to Rilpivirine/Tenofovir Alafenamide/Emtricitabine: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Wu Ping‐Feng , Lin Hsi‐Hsun , Chen Hsin‐Pai , Huang Po‐Chieh , Ke Meng‐Yu
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims

People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV, PLWH) are aging, and there are growing concerns regarding combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)‐associated negative metabolic consequences. We aimed to investigate the metabolic outcomes of PLWH by replacing rilpivirine (RPV)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC) with RPV/tenofovir alafenamide (TAF)/FTC.

Methods

This retrospective study enrolled PLWH who changed from RPV/TDF/FTC to RPV/TAF/FTC between January 2019 and September 2023. Metabolic profiles were compared 1 year before and 3 years after changing cART using Cochran's Q and one‐way ANOVA. The independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

A total of 182 patients were enrolled. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has increased from 28% to 40.7%. The prevalence of hypertension and abnormal lipid levels significantly increased in the first year after changing cART, but the prescription of medicine for dyslipidemia increased in the second year (p = 0.025) and that for hypertension increased in the third year (p < 0.001). In addition to the criteria, body mass index (BMI) before changing cART was the only predictor of metabolic syndrome in the third year (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.19–1.55; p < 0.001). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and BMI did not increase significantly during the second and third years.

Conclusions

A gradually higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome among PLWH occurred with changes from RPV/TDF/FTC to RPV/TAF/FTC but plateaued beyond 2 years. However, fewer drugs for dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension were prescribed within the first year after changing cART.
Respectful Maternity Care During Facility‐Based Childbirth and Its Predictors in Public Health Facilities in Central Ethiopia: A Multidimensional Communication as a Proximal Predictor: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Jemal , Habte Aklilu , Agide Feleke Doyore
Published: December 2024

Background

The provision of compassionate, respectful, and caring healthcare is an essential component of health workforces because it builds deep relationships between healthcare practitioners and mothers. However, respectful maternity care has received less attention in practice, and existing research is inconclusive as well. Therefore, this study is aimed to assess respectful maternity care and its predictors during childbirth in Siltie Zone, Ethiopia.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study on 374 mothers from May 1 to 30, 2021. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data was entered into Epi Data 3.1, and the analysis was done using SPSS 24.0. Binary logistic regression was employed to identify candidate variables for multivariable logistic regression. In the multivariable analysis, variables having a p‐value of less than 0.05 were taken as measures of the degree of association between independent variables and the outcome variable.

Results

The result of the study revealed that the overall prevalence of respectful maternal care is 41.0%. Rapport built through communication during antenatal care (AOR = 6.32, 95% CI: 2.81, 16.67), pre‐communication of husband and wife (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 2.01, 13.69), clearly known communication of family with mother (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.69), caring culturally and appropriately (AOR = 7.45, 95% CI: 2.88, 19.28), perceived length of the stay during labor (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.230, 0.551), number of ANC received (AOR = 1.98, 95% CI: 0.037, 0.260), and number of deliveries (AOR = 1.36, 95% CI: 0.230, 0.551) were independent predictors of the outcome variable.

Conclusion

The study revealed that respectful maternity care was provided very low. Multidimensional communication with the mother was identified as a significant proximal predictor of respectful maternity care. The study suggests that stakeholders should improve respectful maternity care through the provision of professional health training and create guidelines to identify and address challenges to its practice.
Blood Inflammatory Markers and Cytokines in COVID‐19 Patients With Bacterial Coinfections
Authors: Bi Qingqing , Zhu Jie , Zheng Jinju , Xu Qingyun , Chen Juan , Zhang Lei , Mu Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Bacterial coinfection in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is an important risk factor for death. This study investigated whether there were differences in levels of serum inflammatory markers in COVID‐19 patients with bacterial coinfections compared with those without bacterial infection.

Methods

A total of 235 inpatients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection admitted to Qingdao Central Hospital from December 7, 2022, to August 7, 2024, were included. Patients were divided into a bacteria‐positive group (115 cases) and a bacteria‐negative group (120 cases) according to whether they had bacterial coinfections. PCT, CRP, and 12 kinds of cytokines were compared between groups, and the distribution of bacterial species in the positive group was statistically analyzed.

Results

The serum levels of CRP (Z = 8.94, p < 0.001), PCT (Z = 5.59, p < 0.001), IL‐1β (t = 4.863, p < 0.001), IL‐2 (t = 5.810, p < 0.001), IL‐5 (t = 3.837, p < 0.001), IL‐6 (t = 4.910, p < 0.001), IL‐8 (t = 3.325, p < 0.001), ILIL‐12p70 (t = 4.722, p < 0.001), IL‐17 (t = 3.315, p = 0.001) and TNF‐α (t = 4.251, p < 0.001) between the two groups were significantly different. IL‐4, IL‐10, IFN‐α, and IFN‐γ were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Among the 115 bacteria‐positive patients, 56 patients were positive for one species and 59 patients were multiple infections. Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Haemophilus influenzae were common species.

Conclusions

Serum PCT and CRP levels in COVID‐19 patients with bacterial coinfection are higher than those without bacterial infection. Cytokines such as IL‐1β, IL‐2, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐12p70, IL‐17, and TNF‐α may be involved in the progression of COVID‐19 combined with bacterial infection. They can be used as potential markers to evaluate the disease condition and prognosis.
Upregulation of Peripheral Blood NLRP3 and IL‐18 in Patients With Acute Kidney Injury in Sepsis and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ye Yibin , Chen Zhipeng , Liu Yong , Wu Baozheng , Huang Haiping
Published: December 2024

Background

Sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (SA‐AKI) is a common complication that can lead to renal failure in patients, significantly affecting the prognosis and survival of patients.

Objective

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of NOD‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and interleukin 18 (IL‐18) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SA patients for the occurrence of SA‐AKI.

Material and Methods

We screened AKI‐related data sets using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with AKI. KEGG and GO analysis were used to identify enriched molecular functions and pathways. The study included 62 SA patients admitted to the Department of Intensive Care Medicine of our hospital from February 2021 to June 2022, including 34 non‐AKI cases and 28 AKI cases, and 25 healthy volunteers were used as the control group. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) was used to detect the levels of NLRP3 and IL‐18 in PBMCs of the subjects.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation showed that the expression levels of NLRP3 and IL‐18 were significantly upregulated in SA‐AKI patients. In addition, the expressions of NLRP3 and IL‐18 were positively correlated with APACHE II scores. ROC curve analysis revealed that NLRP3 and IL‐18 have the potential to diagnose SA‐AKI.

Conclusion

This study provides preliminary evidence for NLRP3 and IL‐18 as potential diagnostic biomarkers for SA‐AKI.
Soluble Proteins From Conventional and Organic Eggshell Membranes With Different Proteomic Profiles Show Similar In Vitro Biofunctions
Authors: Ma Qianli , Piaia Lya , Loca Dagnija , Rubenis Kristaps , Locs Janis , Thiede Bernd , Sigurjónsson Ólafur Eysteinn , Haugen Håvard Jostein
Published: December 2024

The eggshell membrane (ESM), resembling the extracellular matrix (ECM), acts as a protective barrier against bacterial invasion and offers various biofunctions due to its porous structure and protein‐rich composition, such as ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, collagen, soluble protein, and antimicrobial proteins. However, the structure of ESM primarily comprises disulfide bonds and heterochains, which poses a challenge for protein solubilization/extraction. Therefore, the method of dissolving and extracting bioactive protein components from ESM has significant potential value and importance for exploring the reuse of egg waste and environmental protection. In this study, soluble ESM proteins (SEPs) were extracted from conventional (industrial‐fed) and organic (free‐grounded) using an acidic 3‐mercaptopropionic acid (3‐MPA) extraction strategy. FTIR was employed to monitor the chemical changes in the ESM, while LC–MS/MS was used to conduct the proteomic analysis. The biocompatibility and effects of SEP cocktails on ECM synthesis were also investigated. The results indicated that the acidic 3‐MPA strategy effectively altered the ESM chemical composition, thereby facilitating SEPs extraction. The SEPs from conventional and organic eggs have different protein profiles but with partial overlapping. SEPs from both sources showed similar desirable biosafety profiles and dose‐dependent promotion of osteoblastic (ECM) component synthesis, suggesting that different egg sources may contribute to consistent core biological functions of protein products, they may also introduce different functional priorities.
A Novel circ_0075829/miR‐326/GOT1 ceRNA Crosstalk Regulates the Malignant Phenotypes and Drug Sensitivity of Gemcitabine‐Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Authors: Xiang Yongjia , Zhou Rubing , Yang Yi , Bai Hao , Liang Fan , Wang Hongmei , Wang Xia
Published: December 2024

Although gemcitabine (GEM) is the cornerstone of the treatment of pancreatic cancer (PC), GEM resistance frequently arises. Circular RNA (circRNA) circ_0075829 is highly expressed in PC. However, whether circ_0075829 contributes to GEM resistance of PC is largely unknown. To generate GEM‐resistant PC cells (BxPC‐3/GR and SW1990/GR), we exposed GEM‐sensitive PC cells to GEM. Circ_0075829, microRNA (miR)‐326, and glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase 1 (GOT1) were quantified by a qRT‐PCR or western blot method. Cell survival and viability were gauged by MTS assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration were assessed by EdU, flow cytometry, transwell, and wound‐healing assays, respectively. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays were used to verify the relationship between miR‐326 and circ_0075829 or GOT1. Mouse xenografts were performed to evaluate the role of circ_0075829 in vivo. Our data showed that circ_0075829 was upregulated in GEM‐resistant PC tissues and cells. Knockdown of circ_0075829 impeded the proliferation, invasion, migration, and glutamine metabolism, and promoted cell apoptosis and GEM sensitivity of GEM‐resistant PC cells. Moreover, circ_0075829 silencing suppressed the tumorigenicity of SW1990/GR cells and sensitized them to the cytotoxic effect of GME in vivo. Mechanistically, circ_0075829 bound miR‐326 and exerted regulatory effects by affecting miR‐326 expression. GOT1 was a direct miR‐326 target and a key downstream effector of miR‐326. Furthermore, circ_0075829 modulated GOT1 expression via miR‐326. Our findings establish a novel regulatory network, the circ_0075829/miR‐326/GOT1 competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) crosstalk, in the regulation of GEM resistance in PC.
Targeting the SIRT3/MnSOD and JNK/HMGB1/Beclin 1 Axes: Role of Apigenin in Multifaceted Metabolic Intervention in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Abdelmaksoud Nourhan M. , Abulsoud Ahmed I. , Abdelghany Tamer M. , Elshaer Shereen Saeid , Samaha Ahmed , Maurice Nadine W. , Rizk Sherine Maher , Senousy Mahmoud A.
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. While chemotherapy remains the standard treatment approach, natural products have emerged as a promising alternative. Among these, apigenin, a natural flavonoid, has garnered significant attention due to its pro‐oxidant and antioxidant properties in various types of cancer. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of apigenin in CRC treatment by targeting mitochondrial SIRT3, HMGB1, and beclin 1‐mediated autophagy in a mouse model of CRC. We administered 20 mg/kg of dimethyl hydrazine (DMH) intraperitoneally once weekly for 20 weeks to induce CRC in C57BL/6 mice. After 6 weeks of initiating the study, apigenin was intragastrically co‐administered by oral gavage at 25 and 50 mg/kg until the end of week 20. The results revealed significant weight loss, shortening of the colon, and diarrhea in DMH‐induced CRC, which are considered the marks of CRC. In addition, histopathological examination revealed dysplastic changes in the DMH‐treated group, while no dysplasia was found in the apigenin‐treated CRC groups. Importantly, the administration of apigenin to DMH‐treated animals has led to a significant reduction of SIRT3 and MnSOD expression levels with a significant increase in LC3‐II at either dose and a significant dose‐dependent increase in the levels of MDA, c‐JNK, HMGB1, and beclin 1 compared to the DMH‐treated group. In conclusion, apigenin may have a promising role in suppressing DMH‐induced CRC. It elicits a pro‐oxidant activity by suppressing the gene expression of SIRT3 and subsequently, its target MnSOD, resulting in increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. The released ROS, in turn, activates JNK‐mediated autophagy by enhancing HMGB1, beclin 1, and LC3‐II protein levels.
Metal oxide nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications in energy, biomedical, and environment sector
Authors: Afzal Samreen , Ullah Sultan , Shahid Misbah , Najam Tayyaba , Shaaban Ibrahim A. , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Nazir Muhammad Altaf
Published: December 2024

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs), pivotal in cutting‐edge research, are examined comprehensively in this article. Encompassing definition, types, and applications, the focus intensifies on synthesis methods. Detailed discussions include chemical synthesis approaches for silver oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, copper oxide, and tin oxide NPs. Additionally, the article emphasizes the burgeoning significance of green synthesis methods in tailoring these NPs. The applications section underscores their pivotal role in wastewater treatment, water splitting, and biomedical fields. This targeted resource offers in‐depth insights into MONP synthesis, bridging the gap between traditional and environmentally conscious methodologies, for researchers and practitioners in emerging technologies. In this article, future perspectives are also discussed.
Predictors of Traumatization Among Humanitarian Aid Workers Working With Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Türkiye
Authors: Altınoğlu‐Dikmeer İlkiz , Ergül‐Topçu Aysun , Karaaslan Cemrenur , Çakmak‐Tolan Özlem
Published: December 2024

Refugees and asylum‐seekers flee their countries due to conflict, violence or persecution and seek safety in another country. Professionals working with refugees in host countries are being exposed to the narratives of their traumatic experiences, an important risk factor for vicarious posttraumatic stress. The current study examined predictors for traumatic stress in humanitarian aid workers working with refugees and asylum seekers in Türkiye. We surveyed 156 participants (67.3% women) from various disciplines (psychologists, social workers, interpreters, lawyers etc.) to examine their traumatic stress, resilience and stress coping mechanisms. We used Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS), Adult Resilience Measure (ARM) and Coping Styles Inventory (CSI) for data collection. In this cross‐sectional study, data were collected online from participants who were contacted through snowball sampling method, starting with the participants working with refugees at public agencies and NGOs. The regression analyses showed that the level of traumatic stress is predicted by feelings of fatigue, number of years worked with the refugees, presence of previous psychological problems and being a social worker. The “relational resources” subdimension of resilience and “helpless coping style” are also significantly associated with traumatic stress. Considering the rapidly developing phenomenon of migration all over the world, the findings of the current study could contribute to improve protective and preventive interventions for the psychological wellbeing of humanitarian aid workers.
Dynamic rasterstereography improves the detection of movement delays and dynamic asymmetries in the scapulothoracic kinematic of healthy subjects
Authors: Freytag Richard Julius , Moss Jonas Wilhelm , Piana Jacquot Filippo Maria , Zapatka Jakob , Herrmann Rebecca , Ragab Mahmoud , Scheidt Sebastian , Cucchi Davide
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Assessing scapulothoracic kinematics typically involves visually observing patients during movement, which has limited inter‐ and intraobserver reliability. Dynamic rasterstereography (DRS) records, measures and visualizes surface structures in real time, using a curvature map to colour‐code convex, concave and saddle‐shaped structures on the body surface. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of DRS‐assisted observation in identifying dyskinetic scapulothoracic patterns.

Methods

Thirty‐seven healthy participants performed shoulder abduction/adduction and flexion/extension cycles without additional weight, recorded using both DRS and a conventional video camera. A metronome ensured consistent timing, and for DRS a grid of parallel light rays projected onto the back surface was captured using indirect optical measurement techniques. The mean surface curvature was converted into a colour scale. The diagnostic performance of conventional and DRS videos in detecting dyskinetic patterns, including static asymmetries, dynamic asymmetries, motion delays and rapid compensatory movements, were compared. Two investigators independently evaluated the videos twice in a blinded and randomized sequence to assess intra‐ and interrater reproducibility.

Results

Analysis of 118 videos showed good‐to‐excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility for both techniques (ICCs 0.727–0.949). Movement delays and dynamic asymmetries were observed more frequently when evaluating DRS videos rather than conventional videos (p = 0.0008 and p = 0.0016). However, no differences were found in static asymmetry and rapid compensatory movement detection.

Conclusions

DRS can create a real‐time model of the trunk surface and allows observers to evaluate the scapular movements with good‐to‐excellent intrarater and interrater reproducibility; compared to clinical observation, some specific scapular motion alterations can be observed more frequently.

Clinical Trial Registration: Part of the DRKS00022334 trial.

Level of Evidence

Level II, prospective cohort study.
Day Late, Dollar Short: Runts of Asynchronously Hatched Songbird Broods Have Reduced Survival, Body Size, and Persistent Energy Deficits
Authors: Stansberry Keegan R. , Kelly Tosha R. , Couvillion Kaitlin E. , Cannon Allison L. , Kimball Melanie G. , Callegan Hallie B. , Krajcir Kevin J. , Kittilson Jeffrey D. , Heidinger Britt J. , Lattin Christine R.
Published: December 2024

Many songbirds begin active incubation after laying their penultimate egg, resulting in synchronous hatching of the clutch except for a last‐hatched individual (“runt”) that hatches with a size deficit and competitive disadvantage to siblings when begging for food. However, climate change may elevate temperatures and cause environmental incubation as eggs are laid, resulting in asynchronous hatching and larger size hierarchies among siblings. Although previous work demonstrated that asynchronous hatching reduces nestling growth and survival relative to synchrony, the physiological mechanisms underlying these effects are unclear. To test the effects of asynchronous hatching on runt growth, survival, physiology, and compensatory growth‐related tradeoffs, we manipulated incubation temperature in nest boxes of European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) to increase asynchronous hatching and collected nestling morphological measurements and blood samples to assess physiology and development. Independent of heating treatment, runts from asynchronously hatched nests had lower survival than runts from more synchronous nests. Surviving runts from asynchronous nests were smaller and had reduced stress‐induced corticosterone concentrations and reduced circulating glucose compared with runts from synchronous nests. Despite persistent size and energy deficits, runts from asynchronous nests did not have significant deficits in immunity or telomere length when compared with runts from synchronous nests, suggesting no trade‐off between investment in immune development or telomere maintenance with growth. Overall, these results suggest that increased asynchrony due to climate change could reduce clutch survival for altricial songbirds, especially for the smallest chicks in a clutch, and that the negative effects of asynchrony may be driven by persistent energetic deficits.
Systems Thinking as a Critical Competency for Peace Leadership
Authors: Sheridan Kate , Satterwhite Rian
Published: December 2024

Systems thinking is an essential leadership capacity, particularly in complex contexts like peacebuilding, which involves interdependent and evolving systems of communities, cultures, and political structures. This article explores the intersection of systems thinking with the Integral Peace Leadership Model (IPLM), examining how systems thinking can enhance peace leadership. Systems thinking, which focuses on the interrelationships and patterns within systems, provides a valuable framework for identifying leverage points and addressing complex, wicked problems in peacebuilding. By examining the four key domains of IPLM—Innerwork, Knowledge, Community, and Environment—the article demonstrates how systems thinking skills, including mindset, content, structure, and behavior, can deepen leaders’ understanding of peace processes and foster more effective, collective approaches to peacebuilding. The integration of systems thinking into peace leadership promotes a shift from command‐and‐control models to collaborative, community‐driven strategies that reflect the dynamic, multifaceted nature of peace efforts.
Understanding diverse perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict‐reduction tools across southwest Montana ranching communities
Authors: Smith Ada P. , Sundstrom Allegra , Burnham Morey
Published: December 2024

As the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population rebounds in the western United States, conflicts with humans, including livestock depredation, have also increased. What grizzly bear conflict means, for whom, and what it implies for the viability of conflict‐reduction tools on the ground can vary widely. Multiple perspectives on the causes of—and solutions to—grizzly bear conflict present serious challenges for conservation practice. To better understand perceptions of human conflict with grizzly bears, we used a combination of in‐depth interviews (n = 29) followed by a Q‐sort activity with key stakeholders (n = 21; i.e., ranchers, ranch managers, conservation organization members, agency scientists) in ranching communities in southwest Montana, USA, situated between the 2 largest grizzly bear recovery zones. Stakeholders interpreted conflict with grizzly bears as directly and indirectly connected to broader social changes on the landscape, and these changes influence how they make sense of and act on conflict reduction. Specifically, 3 distinct (but not mutually exclusive) perspectives on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict‐reduction tools emerged: 1) that grizzly–livestock conflict is a symptom of the social divide within ranching communities, 2) that conflict can be attributed to governance structures that currently limit the use of potentially effective tools (e.g., hunting, lethal removal), and 3) there are multiple paths for reducing conflict and holistic, ecosystem‐based management is needed. We provide managers with new insights on grizzly–livestock conflict and conflict reduction, and hope this work helps increase collaboration among ranchers, managers, and other stakeholders engaged in this complex social and ecological challenge.
Non‐Isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of Hafnium and Zirconyl Hydrogentellurates
Authors: Rusev Georgi , Georgieva Velyana , Genieva Svetlana , Tankov Ivaylo
Published: December 2024

The thermal characteristics of zirconyl and hafnium hydrogentellurates, ZrO(HTeO4)2 × 4H2O (ZrOTe) and Hf(HTeO4)4 × 8H2O (HfTe), were investigated via non‐isothermal decomposition kinetics in this paper for the first time. Important kinetic parameters such as activation energy (EA), pre‐exponential factor (A) and g(α) function were determined using Coats‐Redfern integral method. The latter was verified by means of z(α) master plots. In addition, plausible decomposition mechanisms for the title compounds were offered. Based on the EA values, less thermal stability for ZrOTe (633.69 kJ/mol) with respect to HfTe (872.24 kJ/mol) was observed. Thermodynamic functions (ΔS≠, ΔH≠, and ΔG≠) of the activated complexes generated during the thermal decomposition steps were studied as well. A high positive ΔH≠ value (855.70 kJ/mol) for the thermal decomposition of HfTe indicated formation of high‐ordered activated complexes. In contrast, lower ΔH≠ (612.50 kJ/mol) for ZrOTe suggested easier formation the transition states in that case.
Interpolation of derivatives and ultradifferentiable regularity
Authors: Rainer Armin , Schindl Gerhard
Published: December 2024

Interpolation inequalities for functions allow to bound derivatives of intermediate order by bounds for the derivatives of order 0 and . We review various interpolation inequalities for ‐norms () in arbitrary finite dimensions. They allow us to study ultradifferentiable regularity by lacunary estimates in a comprehensive way, striving for minimal assumptions on the weights.
New Polymeric Acceptors Based on Benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] Difuran Moiety for Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Pengchao , Feng Fan , Liu Tong , Wang Xiaoning , Yan Xintong , Du Zhengkun , Yang Chunming , Li Yonghai , Bao Xichang
Published: December 2024

In order to realize high‐performance bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) all‐polymer solar cells, achieving appropriate aggregation and moderate miscibility of the polymer blends is one critical factor. Herein, this study designs and synthesizes two new polymer acceptors (PAs), namely PYF and PYF‐Cl, containing benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] difuran (BDF) moiety with/without chlorine atoms on the thiophene side groups. Thanks to the preferred planar structure and high electronegativity of the BDF units, the resultant PAs generate strong intermolecular interactions and π‐π stacking in both the neat and blend films. At the same time, the BDF moieties flanked with bulky 2D side groups increase intermolecular space and restrain the excessive entanglement of polymer chains for developed heterojunction miscibility attributes. Consequently, appropriate polymer crystallinity and moderate miscibility between PAs and polymer donor (PD) contribute to harmonious blending morphologies. Eventually, the PM6:PYF‐based solar cells achieve an optimal efficiency of 11.82%. More encouragingly, the PYF serves as an efficient guest acceptor and realizes an improved efficiency of 17.05% in the PM6:PYIT:PYF ternary systems, which is much higher than that of the host system (15.87%). This study highlights the importance of BDF moiety in designing new PAs for high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells.
M2 Macrophage‐Derived Exosomal circ_0088494 Inhibits Ferroptosis via Promoting H3K4me1 Modification of STEAP3 in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Yin Jun , Pei Zhigang , Wu Chunrong , Liu Jie , Huang Jianxiang , Xia Rui , Xiang Debing
Published: December 2024

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a common type of cutaneous cancer globally. M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes (M2 exosomes) facilitate the development of cancer. Ferroptosis, a newly uncovered form of cell death, is linked to cancer progression. The present research planned to study the function and potential mechanism of M2 exosomes on ferroptosis in cSCC. Patients with cSCC were recruited to gather adjacent noncancerous specimens and cSCC tissues. Mononuclear macrophage (THP‐1) cells were differentiated into M2 macrophages before exosome extraction, and then the exosomes were added into cSCC cells (A431 and SCL‐1). Erastin was applied to induce ferroptosis. Cell viability, mitochondrial superoxide, lipid‐ROS, malondialdehyde (MDA), and iron level were detected to validate ferroptosis in cSCC cells. Proteins and RNAs were tested by applying western blot and RT‐qPCR. The combination between molecules was validated by ChIP and RIP. Six‐transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 3 (STEAP3) was elevated in cSCC specimens, which correlated to reduced ferroptosis. cSCC tissues presented an increase in the number of M2 macrophages. Erastin‐elicited ferroptosis was repressed by M2 macrophages, while exosome inhibitor GW4869 neutralized the outcome of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, M2 exosomes repressed ferroptosis of cSCC cells via circ_0088494, which might be related to the upregulation of STEAP3. M2 exosomes‐derived circ_0088494 promoted histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) modification of STEAP3 by recruiting histone‐lysine N‐methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D). The effect of circ_0088494‐silenced M2 exosomes on ferroptosis was antagonized by STEAP3 overexpression. M2 exosomes‐derived circ_0088494 recruited KMT2D to promote H3K4me1 modification of STEAP3, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis in cSCC. This study might provide a novel target for cSCC treatment.
Strengthened Through Collaborations: Convergence of Interfirm and Intrafirm Knowledge Exchange for Improving Informal Economy SMEs' Sustainability Performance
Authors: Ibidunni Ayodotun Stephen , Oyewo Obaloluwa Obed , Falana Ranti , Okoro Edwin
Published: December 2024

The role of knowledge exchange (KE) between and across firms has been widely studied. However, KE dimensions that reflect a sequence of interfirm and intrafirm KE among SMEs in emerging economies remain scantily examined in the literature. We fill this gap by investigating the direct and direct effects of KE dimensions on the SMEs sustainable performance (SP). Our analysis of 264 SME owner/owner‐managers, using the PLS‐SEM, showed that although there is no direct relationship between knowledge exchange from business collaboration (KEBC) and knowledge exchange during training (KET), KEBC and KET impact on the SP dimensions. Also, KET mediates the relationship between KEBC and SP. Our study arises among the few investigations that have given credence to developing economy informal SMEs' role in the sustainability discourse.
Comparison of Radionuclide Drug Conjugates With Boron Neutron Capture Therapy: An Overview of Targeted Charged Particle Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Coghi Paolo , Ren Zimo , Hosmane Narayan S. , Zhu Yinghuai
Published: December 2024

Targeted charged alpha‐ and beta‐particle therapies are currently being used in clinical radiation treatments as newly developed methods for either killing or controlling tumor cell growth. The alpha particles can be generated either through a nuclear decay reaction or in situ by a nuclear fission reaction such as the boron neutron capture reaction. Different strategies have been employed to improve the selectivity and delivery of radiation dose to tumor cells based on the source of the clinically used alpha particles. As a result, the side effects of the treatment can be minimized. The increasing attention and research efforts on targeted alpha‐particle therapy have been fueled by exciting results of both academic research and clinical trials. It is highly anticipated that alpha‐particle therapy will improve the efficacy of treating malignant tumors. In this overview, we compare radionuclide drug conjugates (RDC) with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) to present recent developments in targeted alpha‐particle therapy.
Advances in the Delivery, Activation and Therapeutics Applications of Bioorthogonal Prodrugs
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Sun Yuanjun , Pang Jing , Long Ya‐Qiu
Published: December 2024

Traditional prodrug strategies have been leveraged to overcome many inherent drawbacks of active native drugs in the drug research and development. However, endogenous stimuli such as specific microenvironment or enzymes are relied on to achieve the prodrug activation, resulting in unintended drug release and systemic toxicity. Alternatively, bioorthogonal cleavage reaction‐enabled bioorthogonal prodrugs activation via exogenous triggers has emerged as a valuable approach, featuring spatiotemporally controlled drug release. Such bioorthogonal prodrug strategies would ensure targeted drug delivery and/or in situ generation, further circumventing systemic toxicity or premature elimination of active drugs. In recent years, metal‐free bioorthogonal cleavage reactions with fast kinetics have boomed in the bioorthogonal prodrug design. Meanwhile, transition‐metal‐catalyzed and photocatalytic deprotection reactions have also been developed to trigger prodrug activation in biological systems. Besides traditional small molecule prodrugs, gasotransmitters have been successfully delivered to specific organelles or cells via bioorthogonal reactions, and nanosystems have been devised into bioorthogonal triggers as well. Herein, we present an overview of the latest advances in these bioorthogonally‐uncaged prodrugs, focused on the delivery, activation and therapeutics applications.
Predicting the glass transition temperature of polymer based on generative adversarial networks and automated machine learning
Authors: Liu Zhanjie , Huo Yixuan , Chen Qionghai , Zhan Siqi , Li Qian , Zhao Qingsong , Cui Lihong , Liu Jun
Published: December 2024

Solution styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) finds wide applications in high performance tire design and various other fields. This study aims to create a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model linking SSBR's glass transition temperature (Tg) to its structural properties. A dataset of 68 sets of data from published literature was compiled to develop a predictive machine learning model for SSBR's structural design and synthesis using small sample sizes. To tackle small sample sizes, a framework combining generative adversarial networks (GAN) and the Tree‐based Pipeline Optimization Tool (TPOT) is proposed. GAN is first used to generate additional samples that mirror the original dataset's distribution, expanding the dataset. The TPOT is then applied to automatically find the best model and parameter combinations, creating an optimal predictive model for the mixed dataset. Experimental results show that using GAN to enlarge the dataset and TPOT regression models significantly enhances model performance, increasing the R2 value from 0.745 to 0.985 and decreasing the RMSE from 7.676 to 1.569. The proposed GAN–TPOT framework demonstrates the potential of combining generative models with automated machine learning to improve materials science research. This combination accelerates research and development processes, enhances prediction and design accuracy, and introduces new perspectives and possibilities for the field.
Serum Lipidomic Signatures Mediate the Association Between Coarse Grain Preference and Central Obesity in Adults With Normal Weight and High Wheat Intake
Authors: Xu Kun , Zhang Binyan , He Yifei , Wang Yutong , Liu Yezhou , Shi Guoshuai , Shen Yuan , Chen Fangyao , Mi Baibing , Shi Lin , Zeng Lingxia , Liu Xin , Dang Shaonong , Yan Hong
Published: December 2024

Little is known about the association between grain preference and abdominal fat accumulation, and mediating roles of circulating lipidomic signatures. We quantified 1245 circulating lipids in 150 normal‐weight central obesity (NWCO) cases and 150 controls using targeted lipidomics. Grain preference was determined by the highest intake frequency of grains (white rice, wheat, or coarse grain). In our participants with high wheat intake frequency, preferring coarse grain over rice was associated with a 60% lower risk of NWCO. Of the 585 lipids showing opposing associations with white rice and coarse grains, 46 were significantly linked to either (p < 0.05), predominantly alkylacyl phospholipids (PE‐Os; n = 9) and alkenylacylphospholipids (PE‐Ps; n = 7). Network analysis identified a module primarily composed of PE‐Os and PE‐Ps, which was positively associated with coarse grain (p = 0.014). Another module, mainly consisting of triacylglycerols (TGs), was associated with white rice (p = 0.003) and mediated the association between white rice (mediation proportion: 20.30%; p = 0.027) or coarse grain preference (11.43%; p = 0.040) and NWCO. Specific lipids, such as TG(8:0_16:0_16:0) and TG(8:0_14:0_18:0), exhibited notable mediation effects. In normal‐weight individuals with high wheat intake frequency, preferring coarse grain was inversely associated with NWCO, mediated by specific lipidomic signatures.
Wolfberry Honey and Its Extract Alleviate Dextran Sodium Sulfate‐Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function and Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation
Authors: Yuan Jie , Wu Qian , Guo Yuyang , Tang Yujing , Gao Shuangshuang , Li Ting , Xuan Hongzhuan
Published: December 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition characterized by gut inflammation causing persistent diarrhea and abdominal pain. Despite the nutritional benefits of wolfberry honey (from Lycium barbarum L.), its potential to alleviate IBD remains underexplored. This study evaluated the protective effects of wolfberry honey and its extract (wolfberry honey extract [WHE]) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) using in vivo and in vitro models. Mice pretreated with wolfberry honey showed significant symptom improvement in DSS‐induced UC, linked to reduced expression of proinflammatory markers (Il‐1β, Il‐6, Tnf‐α, and Mcp‐1) and increased antioxidant genes (Nrf2, Sod2). Increased Occludin levels indicated improved intestinal barrier function. In vitro, WHE protected DSS‐treated Caco‐2 cells by lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS), stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibiting TLR4/NF‐κB signaling. It enhanced the expression of antioxidant genes and tight junction proteins (ZO‐1, Occludin, and Claudin‐1). Metabolomic analysis revealed that WHE modulated glycerophospholipid metabolism, increasing phosphatidylcholine and choline levels and decreasing lysophosphatidylcholine levels. These results highlight the potential of wolfberry honey and its extract as nutraceuticals for managing UC through their effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal barrier function. Further research is warranted to elucidate their mechanisms of action and assess their long‐term therapeutic benefits in IBD management.
Parameters Governing Void Formation and Expansion of Hollow Natural Rubber Latex Particles for Their Use as Bio‐based Nanocapsules
Authors: Promlok Duangkamol , Suteewong Teeraporn , Polpanich Duangporn , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan
Published: December 2024

This work reports the hollow latex (HL) particles developed from natural rubber latex particles (NRPs), known for their broad size distribution and non‐spherical shape. HL‐NRPs, prepared via the seeded emulsion polymerization in one pot, are studied as potential bio‐based nanocapsules for the first time. Effects of types of crosslinking agents and swelling agents, the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and monomer compositions on the void formation and expansion are systematically investigated. The combined effects of phase separation between NR core swelled with divinyl benzene (DVB) and hydrophilic poly(methyl methacrylate/acrylic acid) P(MMA/AA) shell, the entanglement of rubber chains copolymerized with MMA/DVB/AA monomers, and the osmosis from external aqueous medium promoted the void formation. While crosslinking agents affected the void formation and shell strength, SDS and type of monomers governed colloidal stability and polymerization loci as well as morphology, respectively. The ability of HL‐NRPs as nanocapsules is explored by encapsulating fluorescent dyes, i.e., hydrophilic fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lipophilic Nile red (NiR), as model cargo. From the dye release test after 24 h, the cumulative concentrations of FITC in methanol and of NiR in tetrahydrofuran are 0.17 and 0.11 µg mL−1, respectively. The results suggested that FITC is released from HL‐NRPs easier than NiR possibly due to the different encapsulation location.
Michael Addition Reaction‐Assisted Surface Modification of Melanin Particles for Water‐Repellent Structural Color Coating
Authors: Maejima Yui , Tomizawa Mana , Takabatake Ai , Takeda Shin‐ichi , Fudouzi Hiroshi , Kishikawa Keiki , Kohri Michinari
Published: December 2024

There is significant interest in developing paints based on structural colors, which do not fade like dyes and pigments. To use these paints as coatings, it is necessary to have a technology that can easily impart structural color to the material's surface without changing color based on the viewing angle. In addition, water‐repellent properties that lead to stain resistance are required for practical application. This study applies a structural color coating by synthesizing hydrophobic melanin particles using the Michael addition reaction and arranging these particles on a substrate at high speed. The resulting coating film shows angle‐independent structural color due to the amorphous structure of the particle arrangement, and the color tone could be controlled by adjusting the particle size. The combination of the particle's hydrophobic surface and the microscopic unevenness from the arrangement structure produced a superhydrophobic coating with a contact angle of over 160°. Since the Lotus effect, resulting from superhydrophobic surfaces, can maintain the cleanliness of structural color coatings, the findings of this research will contribute to the development of next‐generation coating technology.
X‐Ray Fluoroscopy‐Based Kinematic Analysis of Quadrupedal Locomotion in Slow and Fast Fatigue‐Resistant Motor Neuron‐Deleted Mice
Authors: Ono Ayumu , Inomata Daijiro , Ohgaki Lisa , Koyama Tenkei , Maeno Akiteru , Misawa Hidemi , Ogihara Naomichi
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Aims

VAChT‐Cre is a transgenic mouse line targeting slow‐twitch fatigue‐resistant and fast‐twitch fatigue‐resistant motor neurons that innervate oxidative type I and type IIa muscle fibers. To ablate these neurons, VAChT‐Cre mice were crossbred with NSE‐DTA mice, leading to the expression of diphtheria toxin A after Cre‐mediated excision. The resulting VAChT‐Cre;NSE‐DTA mice exhibited motor deficits, abnormal locomotion, muscular atrophy, and tremor, making them a useful model for studying motor neuron physiology and pathology. In this study, we conducted a kinematic analysis to examine their abnormal locomotor phenotype.

Methods

The quadrupedal walking of VAChT‐Cre;NSE‐DTA and control mice along a 500 mm acrylic tunnel was analyzed using an X‐ray fluoroscopic system. Stride duration, stride length, footfall patterns, and limb and trunk kinematics were quantified and compared between the two groups.

Results

Our results demonstrated that VAChT‐Cre;NSE‐DTA mice walked more slowly than control mice (99.2 ± 43.5 mm/s vs. 120.5 ± 27.0 mm/s) and had a longer cycle duration (0.54 ± 0.19 s vs. 0.41 ± 0.09 s). In addition, the hindlimb was comparatively more flexed during the stance phase, the trunk was more rounded and humpbacked, and the cervix was lower in VAChT‐Cre;NSE‐DTA mice than in the control mice during locomotion.

Discussion

These characteristic differences in the gait kinematics might be attributed to a malfunctioning of the motor units with slow‐twitch fatigue‐resistant and fast‐twitch fatigue‐resistant types in VAChT‐Cre;NSE‐DTA mice. The basic description of the locomotor characteristics of this transgenic mouse line may serve as a basis for future comparative analyses.
Validation of the Histamine‐ and Heat‐Induced Axon‐Reflex Flare Response in a Nonselected Population of People With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Tind Pernille , Larsen Anna , Borbjerg Mette Krabsmark , Vecchio Silvia Lo , Frahm Ken Steffen , Ejskjær Niels , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Røikjer Johan
Published: December 2024

Introduction/Aims

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy affects small nerve fibers early, but adequate evaluation has proven difficult. One method for functional assessment of small nerve fiber function is the axon‐reflex flare (ARF) response. This study aimed to 1) validate the histamine‐induced ARF response in a nonselected population with diabetes, 2) compare the response to that induced by local heating, and 3) compare both methods to an established method (quantitative sensory testing) in a nonselected population with diabetes.

Methods

Thirty‐four participants with type 1 diabetes were included. The participants underwent a neurological examination, quantitative sensory testing, sural nerve conduction, and histamine‐ and heat‐induced ARF response measurements by full‐field laser speckle perfusion imaging after epidermal application of histamine and after local heating by 44° Celsius thermode, respectively. Spearman's correlations were assessed. Logistic regression was used to generate receiver operating characteristic curves using the cold detection threshold of quantitative sensory testing as reference.

Results

The histamine‐induced ARF had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82, a sensitivity of 67%, and a specificity of 70%. The heat‐induced ARF had an AUC of 0.40, a sensitivity of 36%, and a specificity of 57%. No significant correlation between the histamine‐ and the heat‐induced ARF responses was found.

Discussion

The histamine‐induced ARF response is a valid marker for small fiber neuropathy even in nonselected populations with diabetes with good agreement with established markers and can thus be used for evaluation of C‐fiber function. The lack of correlation with the heat‐induced ARF may be due to insufficient heating.