bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infección por Fasciola hepatica en escolares del distrito de Condebamba, Cajamarca
Authors: Rodríguez-Ulloa Claudia , Rivera-Jacinto Marco , Chilón Y. Silvia , Ortiz O. Pedro , Del Valle-Mendoza Juana
Published: December 2018

La investigación tuvo como finalidad determinar la prevalencia de Fasciola hepatica y sus factores de riesgo en escolares de instituciones educativas del nivel primario de tres caseríos del distrito de Condebamba, Cajamarca, Perú. Se aplicó un cuestionario a los escolares y a sus padres o apoderados para recolectar información relacionada con los factores de riesgo en los escolares. Se evaluaron 253 muestras fecales de escolares entre 6 y 12 años, mediante la técnica de sedimentación rápida modificada por Lumbreras para diagnóstico de infección por F. hepatica. La prevalencia de F. hepatica en Condebamba fue de 5.1%. No hubo diferencias significativas en relación con el género y grupo de edad. Los factores de riesgo asociados con la infección fueron la crianza de vacas y defecar al aire libre. Las prevalencias fueron moderadas en las localidades de Cauday y Ogosgón y nula en La Merced.
Influencia de la vocación profesional en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de medicina veterinaria y zootecnia de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú
Authors: Medina Sparrow Carlos , Watanabe Watanabe Raquel , Angulo Jiménez Carlos
Published: December 2018

Uno de los principales problemas que se plantean los estudiantes de nivel secundario al concluir sus estudios consiste en escoger correctamente la profesión a seguir. Cuando esta decisión no es tomada con la madurez suficiente y siguiendo la vocación, se presentan los problemas consecuentes que van desde un deficiente rendimiento académico, hasta terminar por abandonar la carrera elegida (deserción) con pérdida de tiempo y dinero, o culminar una profesión sin llegar a estar satisfecho consigo mismo, lo que conlleva a la mediocridad e incompetencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si la vocación y la elección de la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia están relacionadas con el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. Se evaluaron 171 alumnos divididos en tres grupos de acuerdo con su rendimiento académico (alto, medio y bajo) y su nivel de estudios por ciclos lectivos (iniciales, intermedios y finales). El instrumento de evaluación fue una encuesta de 36 preguntas que abarcó cuatro dimensiones de la vocación profesional: satisfacción con la profesión elegida, interés por obtener una profesión, autoconfianza, y habilidades y destrezas. Se concluye que ninguna de las cuatro dimensiones se relaciona con el rendimiento académico. La dimensión autoconfianza fue estadísticamente significativa respecto al nivel de estudios, donde se determina que, mientras más alto sea el nivel alcanzado, mayor es la autoconfianza.
Guías para la vacunación de perros (caninos) y gatos (felinos) en Perú
Authors: Rubio Alicia , Martínez Ávila Ricardo , Guzmán Iturbe Héctor , Chávez Zapata Fernando , De la Colina Gabriela , Salazar Guevara José , Antonio Ramírez Ignacio , Autrán de Morais Helio , Guerrero Jorge
Published: December 2018

El Comité Peruano de COLAVAC ha elaborado la presente guía de vacunación para el médico veterinario peruano con la finalidad de ser utilizada como una herramienta en el diseño de calendarios de vacunación para perros y gatos, con base en análisis de riesgo, presencia de enfermedades endémicas y características de las vacunas actualmente disponibles en el Perú. El documento presenta recomendaciones de calendarios de vacunación con vacunas de uso esencial, así como aquellas de uso opcional. La vacunación es un acto médico, por lo que la decisión final debe ser tomada por el clínico considerando, además de los factores antes mencionados, las características propias de cada paciente incluyendo el riesgo/beneficio de la inmunización. En cada caso, la estrategia de vacunación debe ser comentada al propietario para que este pueda tomar una decisión informada.
Evaluación anatómica e histopatológica de la anastomosis yeyunal equina revestida con xenoinjerto de pericardio bovino
Authors: Aguilar G. Ceesar N. , Delgado C. Alfredo , Chavera C. Alfonso , Cueva R. Medalí
Published: December 2018

Se hizo la evaluación del xenoinjerto de pericardio bovino no tratado como biomaterial para el revestimiento de la anastomosis de intestino delgado en equinos. Se practicó la cirugía a siete equinos con edades entre 3 y 10 años. Se seleccionaron al azar a dos de ellos, haciendo una laparatomía a uno de ellos a los 15 días y al otro a los 100 días del posoperatorio. En los estudios macroscópicos e histopatológicos de la zona cicatricial de la anastomosis término-terminal se evidenció que el xenoinjerto no se contrae ni se desplaza de la línea de sutura, garantizando el proceso de remodelación cicatricial y evitando complicaciones como peritonitis, estenosis, abscesos, fugas anastomóticas y adherencias. Se concluye que el xenoinjerto de pericardio bovino no tratado es viable y efectivo, como revestimiento de la enterectomía yeyunal; demostrando buena adaptabilidad como microambiente natural para células progenitoras encargadas de la remodelación cicatricial, aunque conlleva a una moderada flogosis y fibrosis que después del periodo de convalecencia desaparecen progresivamente, sin observarse calcificación ni degeneración del colágeno.
Diversidad y abundancia de primates en bosques de baja y alta perturbación humana de Los Chilchos, Amazonas, Perú
Authors: Aquino Rolando , López Luis , Dignum Johannes , Díaz Silvia , Falcón Rodrigo
Published: December 2018

En los bosques montanos de Los Chilchos habitan cinco especies de primates, cuya situación actual, tamaño de grupo y abundancia son desconocidos, información que es indispensable para el manejo y la formulación e implementación de medidas de conservación. Afín de obtener información sobre los aspectos mencionados, fueron conducidos censos por transecto lineal entre junio y julio del 2017 en bosques de baja y alta perturbación antrópica. Como resultado de los censos fueron registrados 63 grupos pertenecientes a 5 especies. De ellos, 50 grupos correspondieron a los bosques de baja perturbación, siendo Aotus miconax y Ateles belzebuth los más observados con 21 y 17 grupos, respectivamente. Grupos más grandes se observaron en Cebus yuracus (promedio 17.0±5.0 individuos) y A. belzebuth (promedio 14.5±7.2 individuos) y más pequeños en A. miconax (promedio 2.6±0.7 individuos). Con excepción de Lagothrix flavicauda, la abundancia relativa y densidad poblacional fueron más altas en bosques de baja perturbación, demostrando así el buen estado de conservación, lo que no ocurre en bosques de alta perturbación. Entre los primates, la densidad más alta fue para A. miconax con 26.23 indiv./km2 y más baja para Alouatta seniculus con 3.0 indiv./km2. Lagothrix flavicauda fue registrada únicamente en bosque de alta perturbación, cuya abundancia relativa fue estimada en 0.1 grupos/ 10 km.
Grau de satisfação entre os usuários de uma unidade básica de saúde no estado do Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Kamilla Zampieri , Mattos Camila Ferreira Pires , Ferreira Dariele Aparecida , Koch Luiza Foltran de Azevedo , Schmitt Ernesto Josué , Gabardo Marilisa Carneiro Leão
Published: December 2018

AIMS: To evaluate the users' degree of satisfaction with the structure and services provided in a Basic Health Unit of the Public Health System.METHODS: This cross-sectional study included individuals aged ≥18 years, of both genders, individually interviewed from March to May 2018 at the Ferraria Basic Health Unit, Campo Largo, Paraná, Brazil. A structured questionnaire contained sociodemographic information and questions adapted from the instrument used in the National Health Services Evaluation Program, regarding satisfaction with the staff, waiting time and local physical structure. Descriptive analysis of the data was followed by the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Chi-square and Poisson regression tests. Values of p<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS: The sample consisted of 373 users who met the inclusion criteria, of whom 72.9% were female, 82.8% were white race/skin color, 69.0% had low income and 36.4% had low schooling.The health team was the best evaluated item (73.3% of answers in the categories "very good" and "good"); and the waiting time for service was the worst evaluated item (61.5% of answers "bad" or "very poor"). In the bivariate analysis, the health team care was not associated with any independent variables. In the general evaluation of the establishment, the categories "very good/good", "regular", "bad" and "very bad" were evaluated respectively by 84 (27.4%), 128 (41.7%), 67 (21.8%) and 28 (9.1%) white users; and 22 (34.9%), 34 (54.0%), 7 (11.1%) and 0 (0.0%) non-white users (p=0.006). In the Poisson regression model, low schooling was associated with a 1.5 times greater chance of not knowing where to complain in case of poor care.CONCLUSIONS: The degree of satisfaction of the users of the Ferraria Basic Health Unit was influenced by factors such as race/skin color, income and schooling. Non-white users expressed a higher degree of satisfaction than white users. Users with low schooling knew less where to complain if service was not satisfactory. Although the evaluation was generally positive, some items were identified as unsatisfactory, deserving corrective measures.
Donas, pretas livres e escravas em Luanda (Séc. XIX)
Authors: Oliveira Vanessa Dos Santos
Published: December 2018

Luanda, a capital da colônia portuguesa de Angola, era uma cidade de maioria feminina em meados do século XIX. A população feminina era composta de donas, pretas livres e escravas que ocupavam espaços diferenciados nessa sociedade colonial. As filhas da elite luso-africana eram desde a infância reconhecidas como donas, refletindo seu status social e econômico. Ao longo da vida, elas acumulavam escravos, terras e objetos de luxo através de heranças e da participação no comércio local e de longa distância como mercadoras e intermediárias entre comerciantes estrangeiros e fornecedores africanos. As pretas livres buscavam oportunidades no comércio ambulante como quitandeiras e oferecendo serviços aos habitantes da cidade. Escravas, por sua vez, também adentravam o pequeno comércio das ruas e mercados e desempenhavam atividades domésticas nas residências de estrangeiros e luso-africanos. Esse estudo se baseia em registros de escravos, batismos, óbitos e escrituras de compra e venda para explorar experiências de donas, pretas livres e escravas na Luanda dos oitocentos. Numa sociedade luso-africana e escravocrata, elementos como descendência portuguesa, posse de bens e adesão à cultura lusa conferiam prestígio e determinavam as trajetórias pessoais de mulheres livres e escravizadas.
Os colonos africanos do Caribe espanhol
Authors: Schultz Kara D.
Published: December 2018

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Diferenças de sexo na relação entre indicadores de força e resistência muscular de membros inferiores e a presença de incontinência urinária em nonagenários e centenários
Authors: Jorge Luisa Braga , Rocha Josemara De Paula , Morsch Patricia , Neves Bruna Borba , Oliveira Gabriela Guimarães , Bós Ângelo José Gonçalves
Published: December 2018

Aims: To verify the possible relation between urinary incontinence and lower limbs strength and resistance indicators and the sex influence in this relation.Methods: Cross-sectional and analytical study with nonagenarians and centenarians from “Multiprofessional Attention to the oldest-old” project. Presence of incontinence, the ease to walking and climbing stairs, Timed up and Go test, sex, age, marital status and depression symptoms were the study variables. Descriptive and analytical analysis (chi-square tests, analysis of variance and univariate and sex-adjusted logistic regression) were performed accepting p<0.05.Results: We evaluated 238 oldest-old, 174 women. The ease of walking 400 meters and stand up from a chair and the time during the Timed Up and Go were significant indicators of muscle strength and resistance in the correlation between incontinence and muscle strength and resistance adjusted by sex (respectively, RC=0.832, p=0.011, RC=0.846, p=0.012 and RC=0.352, p=0.002). Sex was the most significantly related to incontinence (RC=0.349, p=0.001) and its presence in the complete model decreased the significance of other variables. Depressive symptoms increase the chance of presenting incontinence in men.Conclusions: Incontinence can be associated with strength and resistance in lower limbs, mainly in women. Strength and resistance exercises focus on lower limbs can be added to traditional and recognized prevention programs to incontinence.
A multidisciplinaridade na visita domiciliar a idosos: o olhar da Enfermagem, Medicina e Psicologia
Authors: Mahmud Ibrahim Clós , Kowalski Carla Viero , Lavagnini Bruna Thaise , Schutz Karina Laux , Stobaus Claus Dieter , Terra Newton Luiz
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: Home health care is a practice that goes back to the very existence of families as a unit of social organization. In Brazil, home care covers several aspects, actions of visits, visits and home hospitalizations.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific production of the nurse, doctor and psychologist in the home visit of the elderly in Primary Care in Brazil.METHOD: This is a narrative review using the OMNIS search tool (PUCRS) and uses the following descriptors: “home visit” and “elderly” or “elderly health”. We included articles from the last 10 years (2008-2018), peer reviewed and available in English, Portuguese or Spanish.RESULTS: we found the following publications: 22 in Nursing, 19 in Medicine and 12 in Psychology. After the complete reading of the selected articles, we opted for the analysis of 10 studies in the area of Nursing, 8 in Medicine and 4 in Psychology.CONCLUSIONS: There was a lack of scientific material directly related to the subject in Medicine and Psychology. In the area of Nursing, the articles were more specific about the role of nurses in the management of care.
La biblioteca: un escenario diverso para la promoción de la lectura
Authors: Chaves Salgado Lorena
Published: December 2018

La biblioteca pública y la biblioteca escolar se proyectan y se comprenden desde los espacios mediados por actividades y experiencias vinculadas al concepto de “promoción de la lectura”. Ambas bibliotecas constituyen un medio fundamental de formación integral para la vida a través de la lectura como práctica social y cultural; por su naturaleza de instituciones democráticas abiertas a toda la sociedad, han de responder a las necesidades de personas y grupos.
Sustainable sanitation from a multi-layered approach: the case of Costa Rica
Authors: Calvo Salazar Cindy
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this article is to present the case of Costa Rica in its recent efforts to achieve sustainable environmental sanitation. Mainly, it is based on a theoretical framework that integrates the notion of environmental sanitation practices at multiple levels: the macro level (environmental and social policies), and at the micro level (community actions and individual daily practices). The context of Costa Rica is taken into account, since it presents an interesting case study in terms of environmental sanitation. On the one hand, it is a country widely recognized for its ecological policies framed within a "green agenda", with high social development indexes. However; on the other hand, it faces increasingly greater challenges in terms of sanitation planning, inter-institutional coordination, legislation, financing and maintenance of current sanitation systems.This article takes up some results of the author's doctorate study, which conducted a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with national authorities, locals, community leaders, and heads of households. The quantitative data were obtained from the application of a survey in three different communities with rural, urban, and semi-urban characteristics. At the national level, the main result is a paradigm shift in the conception of health, where the joint production of healthy environments should be paramount, within the framework of the right to live in a healthy and sustainable environment. At the community level, local efforts to protect their natural resources for tourism or productive purposes are highlighted, and at the individual level a mixture of reactive and proactive daily practices is found.
Migración sur-sur y desigualdad: alteraciones en la incorporación laboral de migrantes peruanos en la Ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, 2001-2010
Authors: Gómez Pablo Sebastián , Bologna Eduardo
Published: December 2018

Objetivo: analizar la incorporación laboral de los migrantes peruanos en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina, en el periodo 2001-2010. Métodos: Se realiza análisis estadístico descriptivo en la primera fase y análisis de correspondencias múltiples en la segunda fase (ACM), ambos en perspectiva comparada con la población nativa. Resultados: los hombres aumentan la participación en la industria, tanto los nativos como los migrantes. Sin embargo, en mayor magnitud para los hombres peruanos. Las mujeres nativas ven poco alterada su estructura ocupacional en el periodo. Para las mujeres nacidas en Perú el movimiento hacia el sector de la industria también se aprecia. Sin embargo, el rasgo más destacable para este grupo es la desconcentración de la categoría más frecuente: el trabajo doméstico, en un proceso que va en dirección a diversificar el espectro de ocupaciones. Conclusiones: en relación a los migrantes peruanos, el clivaje de género presenta estabilidad como un mecanismo que explica las inserciones diferenciales, donde las mujeres persisten en ocupaciones específicas en el periodo considerado. Esto apoya la hipótesis de una incorporación segmentada para las mujeres. Sin embargo, también se observa una variación, ya que aunque la categoría más frecuente sea el trabajo doméstico en ambos momentos censales, la menor proporción de ellas allí empleadas en el 2010, indica que otras ocupaciones adquieren relevancia. En el caso de los hombres el principal rasgo es el trasvase hacia la industria.
THE CONCEPT MODEL FOR ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY IN THE AGRARIAN SECTOR
Authors: Kozlovskyi Serhii , Khadzhynov Illya , Mohylova Anastasiia , Tomchuk Viktor , Kozlovskyi Andrii
Published: December 2018

In the modern globalized world, the issue of ensuring the economic security in countries and sectors as the primary task of protection the national interests from different kinds of threats is particularly relevant. The aim of the research is to develop tools for ensuring the economic security of agrarian sector. The object is the agrarian sector of Ukraine. The period under review is 2012–2017 years. The basis of the study is the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. To evaluation the economic security indexes are used: gross domestic product; labor productivity in the agricultural sector. The ensuring the economic security of the agrarian sector requires the creation of such mechanisms and instruments, which will assure an active investment and innovations activities, growth of production of competitive products, cost-effective operation of enterprises. The research offers a mechanism to ensure the economic security of the agricultural sector, which consists of the following units: information and analytical unit; regulatory influence unit; unit of counteraction to threats and control unit. Also, the relationship between these units in the structure of factors influencing the development of the agricultural sector has been established.
THE CONCEPT OF RESEARCH ON LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC NETWORKS
Authors: Kożuch Barbara , Kramarz Marzena , Sienkiewicz-Małyjurek Katarzyna
Published: December 2018

The search for possibilities to increase the efficiency of implementing public services creates prospects for the use of logistics management. However, research on this subject is sporadic. This has been the reason for undertaking research in this area and attempting to develop a concept for the research of logistics management in public networks, which is the purpose of this article. In the course of the analyses, logistics management and public networks were characterised. The focus is on the complexity and problems of public networks, which determine their specificity. Getting to know public networks’ specifics is facilitated by the developed map of relations in public networks and the model of public institution sub-networks. The nature of this article is conceptual and its result is setting the directions and procedure of researching logistics management in public networks.
URBAN-RURAL DIFFERENCES IN SUBJECTIVE QUALITY OF LIFE IN DEHUI
Authors: Liu Wenxin , He Xiuli , Song Lanqi , Liu Shiwei
Published: December 2018

The subjective quality of life (QOL) can reflect differences in perceptions of residents and their true state of life. Taking Dehui City of northeast China as a case, based on 482 questionnaires from urban and rural residents, this paper evaluated the subjective QOL from three views, i.e. the attitude of residents to the objective material conditions where they live in, the satisfaction with various emotional relationships and the degree of concern about future unpredictable conditions. The purpose of this paper is to compare the subjective QOL of urban and rural residents and find out the key influencing factors, which will help the government to make precise measures to narrow the gap between urban and rural development in China. The results showed that the overall satisfaction of urban and rural residents in Dehui City with the basic living conditions, emotions and unknown conditions is generally higher. However, there are significant differences between urban and rural residents about the satisfaction with the basic living conditions and the degree of concern about unknown conditions. The subjective QOL of most rural residents is not ideal, and the degree of satisfaction of urban residents and rural residents who live near the urban center of Dehui and the provincial capital Changchun is slightly higher than those of the rural areas in northwestern Dehui. Social security, diversification of family income, improvement of regional environment, and family economic foundation are important factors in improving the subjective QOL of urban residents, while social security and regional environmental improvement have positively promoted the subjective QOL of rural residents.
FAMILY HOMESTEADS SETTLEMENTS AS THE SUBJECTS OF THE PUBLIC MANAGEMENT IN RURAL TERRITORIES
Authors: Semenets Halyna , Yakobchuk Valentyna , Plotnikova Mariia
Published: December 2018

The development of rural areas in the context of decentralization of power has led to the search for effective mechanisms for public administration. What is the socio-psychological profile of the inhabitants of successful self-organizing rural settlements and what management technologies are proposed for rural development? The purpose of the study is to establish and recommend a mechanism for improving the technology of territorial communities management on the example of Family Homesteads (FH). The research methodology is based on structured interviews and unstructured conversations with the inhabitants of family homesteads, the leadership of local self-government and experts in the field of rural development. The self-organization of settlements illustrates them as harmonious communities and a model of the society of the future, practicing sustainable development. It was determined that success in the development of rural areas by settlers of a new type is due to their age characteristics (average settler age 35 years), high level of education, active lifestyle and investment activity. The advantages of the practice of public administration of the territory are established with the help of blockchain technology, which allows to reduce administration costs and promote resource participation.
From “Closed Worlds” to “Open Doors”
Authors: Gilliat-Ray Sophie
Published: December 2018

In 2005, I documented my unsuccessful attempts to conduct qualitative research in a particular group of British Islamic seminaries responsible for training future imams and scholars ('ulama). These seminaries or "darul uloom" (in Arabic, "house of knowledge", often abbreviated "DU") reflect the "Deobandi" tradition due to their origins in the town of Deoband, India, in the nineteenth century. My article, published in the journal Fieldwork in Religion, considered the circumstantial, contextual, and historical factors that might explain why access was apparently impossible for social science researchers, at the time. In this article, twelve years on, I explore why research access is now more possible in at least some Deobandi institutions. These include developmental changes within and outside these seminaries, and aspects of personal and professional biography. My article considers the processual nature of research access, and the need for a felicitous convergence of circumstantial and biographical conditions.
“I am Mother to my Plants”
Authors: Fallon Breann
Published: December 2018

The tree stands as a sacred symbol in many faith traditions. Unsurprisingly, nature-based new religious movements are no exception. This article considers the manifestation of sacred trees in a number of religious traditions, including Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander spirituality, Abrahamic traditions, Ancient Egyptian religion, Buddhism, Hinduism, Norse mythology, the Shinto faith, and nature-based new religious movements. After this initial section, I present the findings of a fieldwork project undertaken in 2016. Using the survey as a tool, this project enquired into the use of trees, plants, and private gardens among practitioners from nature-based new religious movements. This survey makes use of both quantitative and qualitative survey methods, having been distributed to various nature-based new religious movements in New Zealand, Australia, Europe, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Despite extensive tree lore, these survey results present the tree as a peripheral plant in the practitioners' everyday practice, with the garden as a whole being more critical than any single variety of vegetation.
“Just Admit it Man, You’re a Spy!”
Authors: Gauvain Richard
Published: December 2018

This article addresses two related problems in the current ethnographic study of Salafism. First, it draws attention to the lack of positionality exhibited by many commentators on Salafism; second, and more crucially, it highlights the reluctance of scholars to engage with what is here labelled Salafi "oppositionality". By oppositionality, I refer to a set of attitudes (non-compliance, defiance, hatred) which are formally prescribed to, and informally generated by, Salafis in their dealings with non-Muslims and very often with lapsed and/or errant Muslims. Through two case studies in pre-Arab Spring Cairo, I explore the workings of Salafi oppositionality in practice. By so doing, I highlight the often fragile and ephemeral nature of relationships that can be formed between a Western-trained ethnographer and his/her Salafi respondents, and demonstrate the ways in which instances of opposition are mutually constituted. Both the researcher and the Salafi, I argue, present each other with a dilemma. In my experience, Salafis have no problem identifying the essence of this dilemma; it is time for Western ethnographers to exhibit a similar degree of transparency.
Barron, Jessica M. and Rhys H. Williams. 2017. 'The Urban Church Imagined: Religion, Race, and Authenticity in the City'
Authors: Van Stee Elena
Published: December 2018

Barron, Jessica M. and Rhys H. Williams. 2017. The Urban Church Imagined: Religion, Race, and Authenticity in the City. New York: New York University Press. viii + 240pp. ISBN: 978-1 4798-7766-9 $89 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-4798-8710-1 $30.00 (pbk).
"Give Me an Example": Peter Winch and Learning from the Particular
Authors: Beran Ondřej
Published: December 2018

The text deals with the role of particular examples in our understanding, especially in the encounters with unfamiliar cases that may require us to expand our concepts. I try to show that Peter Winch’s reflections on the nature of understanding can provide the foundations for such an account. Understanding consists in a response informed by a background network of particular canonical examples. It is against this background that the distinction between appropriate differentiated reactions and misplaced ones makes sense. To accommodate applications of known concepts (such as love, or humour) to unfamiliar cases, particular examples are needed that invite the recipient in a certain direction of understanding, while providing a “closure” against arbitrary mis- or re-interpretations. This capacity has to do with a capacity or incapacity to convey the sense of seriousness of an example dealing with the lives of the persons (or characters) concerned.
Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Nachlass in the UNESCO Memory of the World register
Authors: Schmidt Alfred
Published: December 2018

The contribution reports the inclusion of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s Nachlass into the UNESCO Memory of the World register.
Wittgenstein on British Anti-Nazi Propaganda
Authors: Venturinha Nuno , Smith Jonathan
Published: December 2018

This paper contains a historical introduction and an edition of a hitherto unpublished manuscript of Wittgenstein's that was found among G. H. von Wright's materials kept in Helsinki. The document concentrates on British anti-Nazi propaganda and was written in 1945. Wittgenstein's criticism of this kind of propaganda, such as that promoted by Robert Vansittart, is also present in other sources of this period belonging to both the Nachlass and the correspondence.
Inheriting Wittgenstein: James Conant in Conversation with Niklas Forsberg, Part 2
Authors: Forsberg Niklas , Conant James
Published: December 2018

This is part 2 of an interview with Prof. J. Conant, conducted by Niklas Forsberg.
Dificuldades éticas na realização da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal 2010
Authors: Andrade Flávia Reis de , Narvai Paulo Capel , Montagner Miguel Ângelo
Published: December 2018

Resumo Objetivou-se neste estudo identificar e analisar as dificuldades éticas na realização da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde Bucal de 2010. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, no qual foram entrevistados 12 membros do grupo gestor e do Comitê Técnico Assessor do Ministério da Saúde, além de dois coordenadores, um estadual e outro municipal. Utilizou-se a técnica do discurso do sujeito coletivo na sistematização dos depoimentos. Foram identificadas seis dificuldades centrais, entre as quais: convencer o gestor municipal a liberar o profissional para fazer a pesquisa; e dialogar nos locais em que as gestões do município e do estado são de partidos políticos diferentes. As recusas em participar da pesquisa nacional foram principalmente de cirurgiões-dentistas e gestores municipais de saúde. Em ambos os casos, constata-se grave violação da ética da responsabilidade individual e pública.
Grounding Language for Transfer in Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Narasimhan Karthik , Barzilay Regina , Jaakkola Tommi
Published: December 2018

In this paper, we explore the utilization of natural language to drive transfer for reinforcement learning (RL). Despite the wide-spread application of deep RL techniques, learning generalized policy representations that work across domains remains a challenging problem. We demonstrate that textual descriptions of environments provide a compact intermediate channel to facilitate effective policy transfer. Specifically, by learning to ground the meaning of text to the dynamics of the environment such as transitions and rewards, an autonomous agent can effectively bootstrap policy learning on a new domain given its description. We employ a model-based RL approach consisting of a differentiable planning module, a model-free component and a factorized state representation to effectively use entity descriptions. Our model outperforms prior work on both transfer and multi-task scenarios in a variety of different environments. For instance, we achieve up to 14% and 11.5% absolute improvement over previously existing models in terms of average and initial rewards, respectively.
Probabilistic analysis of soil suction and cracking in fibre-reinforced soil under drying–wetting cycles in India
Authors: Prakash Atma , Bordoloi Sanandam , Hazra Budhaditya , Garg Ankit , Sreedeep Sekharan , Wang Qinhua
Published: December 2018

Desiccation crack propagation with suction (ψ) in field conditions are dependent on various uncertain parameters such as soil pore-size distribution, drying–wetting cycles and environmental conditions. The evolution of crack intensity factor (CIF) with ψ was generally explored in a deterministic approach. In literature, bivariate dependency between CIF and the inducing ψ has rarely been accounted. The objective of the paper is to explore the bivariate dependencies in CIF and ψ by using the copula approach. Data from 105 d of monitoring on four soil types (one bare and three fibre reinforced) was done. This paper also investigates the use of three natural fibres (coir, jute and water hyacinth (WH)) to minimise soil desiccation and their effect on the CIF–ψ relationship. Compacted bare soil showcased the highest desiccation compared to reinforced specimens, particularly at high suction range (near 4000 kPa). The peak CIF was less for fibre-reinforced samples because of the ‘bridge effect’ of fibres. Coir fibre, being multifilament and highly ductile, had showcased the lowest CIF values. Four copulas were explored, among which Clayton (bare and WH), Gaussian (coir) and Frank (jute) were found to be the best fit to the dependence structure for CIF–ψ in unsaturated soil.
Factors in Unemployment Dynamics
Authors: Ahn Hie Joo , Hamilton James
Published: December 2018

The U.S. unemployment rate averaged 8.4% during the first five years of recovery from the Great Recession of 2007-2009, the weakest recovery on record. But as the expansion continued, unemployment continued to decline and by 2018 reached the lowest levels in almost half a century. In this Note, we explore why unemployment remained so high for so long, and what factors contributed to the recent lows.
Reconstrucción histórica del territorio periurbano de producción hortícola de Córdoba, Argentina (1573-1900)/ Historical reconstruction of the peri-urban territory of horticultural production in Córdoba, Argentina (1573-1900)
Authors: Boccolini Sara María , Giobellina Beatriz
Published: December 2018

En el presente artículo se reconstruyen históricamente los territorios periurbanos de Córdoba, con foco en los destinados a la producción hortícola para suministro de la ciudad, sistematizando investigaciones y cartografía histórica del período. Se definen las condiciones que emergieron durante este –que incluyen procesos de ocupación, invasión y despojo– y se analiza cómo estas lo estructuran hasta hoy. Como resultado, se visibiliza el territorio periurbano como esencial para la ciudad, en cuanto a producción de alimentos y patrimonio paisajístico, humano y productivo. Se sistematiza una nueva cartografía de cada coyuntura histórica detectada en la investigación.

Abstract

The article makes a historical reconstruction of the peri-urban territories of Córdoba, with focus on those intended for the city’s food supply, systematizing research and historical cartography of the period. This allows us to define the structural conditions that emerged during this period, which include processes of occupation, invasion and dispossession that structure the territory until today. As a result, we see the peri-urban territory as essential for the city, in terms of food production and landscape, human and productive heritage. In addition, we provide a new cartography of each historical juncture detected.
Factores económicos y extraeconómicos de la renta de la tierra en la interfase rural-urbana del Gran Buenos Aires (1994-2014)/ Economic and extra-economic factors of land rent in the rural-urban interface of Greater Buenos Aires (1994-2014)
Authors: González Maraschio Fernanda
Published: December 2018

Se estudian los procesos que determinan los usos del territorio en cuatro partidos que conforman un ámbito de interfase rural-urbana al oeste del Gran Buenos Aires. Se trata de un espacio de continuidad e integración entre el campo y la ciudad, con eje en la ruta nacional 7, donde se desarrollan de manera simultánea actividades y usos correspondientes a los procesos contrapuestos de urbanización expandida, provenientes de la ciudad primada, y de agriculturización/oleaginización, que se extienden desde la zona núcleo de la agricultura. Estos frentes de expansión del capital contraponen modalidades de ocupación y apropiación del espacio, configurando un espacio heterogéneo y conflictivo a partir de las transformaciones en los usos tradiciones del territorio, así como de la aparición de nuevas actividades, cuyo dinamismo está estrictamente condicionado por su rentabilidad. El objetivo del artículo es analizar los factores económicos y extraeconómicos que conforman la renta de la tierra y su impacto en la evolución de los precios en dólares por hectárea, entre 1994 y 2014. Para ambos casos, se encontró que la intensificación del capital y la valorización paisajística son los factores destacados, lo cual se refleja en un incremento promedio del 500% en el precio de la tierra de toda la zona. 

Abstract

The article studies the processes that determine the uses of the territory in four parties that make up an area of ??rural-urban interface in the west of Greater Buenos Aires. It is a space of continuity and integration between the countryside and the city, with axis in the national route 7, where activities and uses corresponding to the opposed processes of expanded urbanization, coming from the primate city, and of agriculturization/oleaginization, which extend from the core zone of agriculture, are developed simultaneously. These fronts of expansion of capital oppose modalities of occupation and appropriation of space, configuring a heterogeneous and conflictive space from the transformations in the traditional uses of the territory, as well as the appearance of new activities, whose dynamism is strictly conditioned by its profitability. The objective of the article is to analyze the economic and extra-economic factors that make up the income of the land and its impact on the evolution of prices in dollars per hectare, between 1994 and 2014. In both cases, it was found that the intensification of capital and landscape enhancement are the outstanding factors, reflected in an average increase of 500% in the price of land throughout the area.
El campesinado y el arte de la agricultura. Un manifiesto chayanoviano de Jan Douwe van der Ploeg
Authors: Gonzalez Guevara Diego Fernando
Published: December 2018

Reseña
Géographie du Développement. Territoires et mondialisation dans les Sud (Geografías del desarrollo: territorios y mundialización en los Sures) de Jean-Louis Chaléard y Thierry Sanjuan
Authors: Barragán Ochoa Fernando
Published: December 2018

Reseña
Digital Literacy and Basic Self-Regulation Habits in Early Childhood Learning of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Arias Soto Luz Dary , González Gutierrez Yury Andrea
Published: December 2018

This article is a report on how a group of young learners improved their speaking skill and sub-skills and enhanced their selfregulation by means of digital literacy in their process of learning English as a foreign language (efl). The main goal of the investigation was to determine the possible effect of using Information and Communication Technology (ict) tools on overcoming the difficulties that a group of first graders had when expressing progressive actions orally. The study was done with a group of first graders in a private school of Bogotá. Data was collected by means of questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, voice recordings and a form to be completed by the students’ parents. The results indicate that the students improved their speaking skills, particularly in regards to intonation, pronunciation, and extent when expressing continuous actions, besides fostering some basic self-regulatory attitudes.
Peripheral contexts of artistic creativity: the Angolan case
Authors: Venâncio José Carlos
Published: December 2018

After describing and discussing the conditions of artistic production in peripheral contexts, the course of the Angolan visual arts from the end of the colonial period to the present time is analysed, a period when these enjoy a relative international projection. This projection is the result of a double sustainability: on the one hand, the material conditions for creation and artistic production and, on the other hand, the sustainability or maintenance of an aesthetic pattern rooted in the tradition and history of the country.
A construção discursiva de narrativas coletivas da identidade nacional portuguesa: homogeneidade ou diversidade?
Authors: Ribeiro Filipa Perdigão
Published: December 2018

As conceções dominantes do Portugal “autêntico” ou “real” estão agora tão naturalizadas no discurso nacional que muitos dos contextos socio-históricos da sua construção discursiva foram apagados da memória coletiva das pessoas. Este artigo apresenta uma visão geral das narrativas e memórias coletivas mais proeminentes no contexto português, destacando os eventos históricos que as moldaram, como por exemplo a Revolução de 1974, a partir da qual todas as narrativas atuais sobre identidade nacional construíram as suas principais referências. Este texto refere brevemente a historiografia do século XIX, a conceptualização do Estado Novo sobre a “missão nas colónias” de Portugal, a rutura ideológica da Revolução com o antigo regime e os principais mitos de homogeneidade e estereótipos. Deste modo, os discursos contemporâneos sobre a identidade nacional portuguesa são considerados à luz da memória social e da mudança diacrónica.
The discursive construction of collective narratives on Portuguese national identity: homogeneity or diversity?
Authors: Ribeiro Filipa Perdigão
Published: December 2018

Mainstream conceptions of the “authentic” or “real” Portugal are now so naturalized in national discourse that many of the socio-historical contexts of their discursive construction have been erased from people’s collective memory (-ies). This paper presents an overview of the prominent collective narratives and memories in the Portuguese context, highlighting salient historical events that shaped them, such as the 1974 revolution which was a watershed moment from which all current narratives on national identity construct their major reference. It briefly covers 19th century historiography, the Estado Novo’s concept of Portugal’s “mission in the colonies”, the revolution’s ideological break with the old regime, and the major myths of homogeneity and self-stereotyping. Thus, contemporary discourses on Portuguese national identity are considered in the light of social memory and diachronic change.
How do you spell “freedom”? Narratives about the 25 April 1974 Revolution in the Brazilian press
Authors: Kieling Camila Garcia
Published: December 2018

This paper proposes a recomposition of the intrigue of journalistic narratives on the Revolution of April 25, 1974 in Portugal based on the coverage of two Brazilian newspapers: O Estado de S. Paulo and Jornal do Brasil. The journalistic narrative is understood as a time orderer in the contemporaneity, expressing a “generalized circulation of historical perception” (Nora, 1979, p. 180), mobilized by the emergence of a new phenomenon: the event. The unusual coup d’état in Portugal stirred the world’s political imagination, reviving confrontations between left and right. At that moment, in Brazil, the military dictatorship completed 10 years and the fourth president of the Armed Forces was beginning its mandate. Narratives are analyzed from different points of view: the organization of facts in time, the construction of characters, projections for the future, or the re-signification of the past.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Cold-Pressed Oils Obtained From Nettle, Radish and Pomegranate Seeds
Authors: ALTUNER Ergin Murat , ÇETER Talip , GÜR Mahmut , GÜNEY Kerim , KIRAN Bayram , AKWIETEN Hana Ealoma , SOULMAN Sana İ.
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Aim of study: The aim of

this study is to put forward the antimicrobial activity of cold pressed oils

obtained from seeds of nettle (Urtica

dioica), radish (Raphanus sativus)

and pomegranate (Punica granatum).

Material and

Methods: Oils of

these seeds were analysed for their antibacterial and antifungal activities by

the disk diffusion and MIC tests against fifteen microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis DSMZ 20044, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium SL 1344, Salmonella kentucky, Salmonella infantis, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas fluorescens P1 ATCC 13075, Pseudomonas aeruginosa DSMZ 50071, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048, Candida albicans DSMZ 1386 and Bacillus subtilis DSMZ 1971. The results

were compared against 11 standard antibiotics, which are cefazolin,

clindamycin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, ampicillin, cephalothin,

cefuroxime and vancomycin. The extracts were also chemically analysed by using

GC-MS.

Main results: As a result, radish oil is observed to be active

against all microorganisms with the highest activity, where nettle oil is

active against all microorganisms except for S. epidermidis. The lowest activity was observed in pomegranate

oil.

Highlights: The results of the study clearly puts forward that

oils obtained from nettle, radish and pomegranate could have a possible

medicinal use.
Effects of Cement Dust on Chlorophyll and Metabolism Products
Authors: YILMAZ Murat Tolga
Published: December 2018

Aim of study:
Due to recent developments in the world, various
industrial establishments began to operate without the pressures they create on
the environment being taken into account. Some of these businesses are
established on agricultural lands or on natural meadows and pasture areas. This
study investigated the effects of dust particles, one of airborne contaminants,
on some plant species.

Area of study: The changes in protein, total chlorophyll, carbohydrate and dry matter
amounts of plant samples collected from the near and far periphery of a cement
plant were investigated.

Material and
Methods: Elm (Ulmus
glabra), maple (Acer negundo) and
yellow pine (Pinus sylvestris) plants
were included in the study.

Main results: Cement dust emissions spreading in the environment
had adverse effects on plant development. Significant reductions were observed
for chlorophyll (P < 0.01), carbohydrates (P < 0.01), dry matter in
leaves (P < 0.01) and dry matter in trunks (P < 0.005), as well as
protein levels in pine (P < 0.01) and elm (P < 0.005).

Highlights: It was found that dust emissions clogged the pores in
plant leaf tissue, negatively affecting photosynthesis and consequently causing
a decrease in the levels of metabolic products.