bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asian monsoon hydrometeorology from TES and SCIAMACHY water vapor isotope measurements and LMDZ simulations: Implications for speleothem climate record interpretation
Authors: Lee Jung‐Eun , Risi Camille , Fung Inez , Worden John , Scheepmaker Remco A. , Lintner Benjamin , Frankenberg Christian
Published: July 2012

Observations show that heavy oxygen isotope composition in precipitation (δ18Op) increases from coastal southeastern (SE) China to interior northwestern (NW) China during the wet season, contradicting expectations from simple Rayleigh distillation theory. Here we employ stable isotopes of precipitation and vapor from satellite measurements and climate model simulations to characterize the moisture processes that control Asian monsoon precipitation and relate these processes to speleothem paleoclimate records. We find that δ18Op is low over SE China as a result of local and upstream condensation and that δ18Op is high over NW China because of evaporative enrichment of 18O as raindrops fall through dry air. We show that δ18Op at cave sites over southern China is weakly correlated with upstream precipitation in the core of the Indian monsoon region rather than local precipitation, but it is well‐correlated with the δ18Op over large areas of southern and central China, consistent with coherent speleothem δ18Op variations over different parts of China. Previous studies have documented high correlations between speleothem δ18Op and millennial timescale climate forcings, and we suggest that the high correlation between insolation and speleothem δ18Op in southern China reflects the variations of hydrologic processes over the Indian monsoon region on millennial and orbital timescales. The δ18Op in the drier part (north of ∼30°N) of China, on the other hand, has consistently negative correlations with local precipitation and may capture local hydrologic processes related to changes in the extent of the Hadley circulation.
Tectonic and climatic controls on long‐term silicate weathering in Asia since 5 Ma
Authors: Wan Shiming , Clift Peter D. , Li Anchun , Yu Zhaojie , Li Tiegang , Hu Dengke
Published: July 2012

Determining the interplay between tectonic deformation, climate, atmospheric CO2concentrations and continental weathering and erosion is key to understanding the mechanisms that forced Cenozoic global cooling. In contrast with studies of paleo‐climate and pCO2, the history of long‐term silicate weathering in the Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau (HTP) during the late Cenozoic remains unclear. We reconstruct 5 m.y. of silicate sedimentary records at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1143 in the South China Sea to explore the weathering history of the Mekong River basin that supplied the sediment. Coherent variation of weathering proxies from the South China Sea, Bay of Bengal, Loess Plateau, as well as the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, indicates weakening chemical weathering intensity since the late Pliocene, as the climate cooled. This cooling, coupled with tectonic activity, shifted the dominant weathering regime from more transport‐limited to more weathering‐limited, causing less chemical depletion of silicate minerals. While silicate weathering rates became strongly correlated to erosion rates, they were decoupled from chemical weathering intensity. Physical denudation and associated silicate weathering rates in the HTP area increased in the Pliocene, driven by both rock uplift and stronger monsoon precipitation, decreasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and so contributing to Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG).
Ocean circulation promotes methane release from gas hydrate outcrops at the NEPTUNE Canada Barkley Canyon node
Authors: Thomsen Laurenz , Barnes Christopher , Best Mairi , Chapman Ross , Pirenne Benoît , Thomson Richard , Vogt Joachim
Published: July 2012

The NEPTUNE Canada cabled observatory network enables non‐destructive, controlled experiments and time‐series observations with mobile robots on gas hydrates and benthic community structure on a small plateau of about 1 km2 at a water depth of 870 m in Barkley Canyon, about 100 km offshore Vancouver Island, British Columbia. A mobile Internet operated vehicle was used as an instrument platform to monitor and study up to 2000 m2of sediment surface in real‐time. In 2010 the first mission of the robot was to investigate the importance of oscillatory deep ocean currents on methane release at continental margins. Previously, other experimental studies have indicated that methane release from gas hydrate outcrops is diffusion‐controlled and should be much higher than seepage from buried hydrate in semipermeable sediments. Our results show that periods of enhanced bottom currents associated with diurnal shelf waves, internal semidiurnal tides, and also wind‐generated near‐inertial motions can modulate methane seepage. Flow dependent destruction of gas hydrates within the hydrate stability field is possible from enhanced bottom currents when hydrates are not covered by either seafloor biota or sediments. The calculated seepage varied between 40–400 μmol CH4 m−2 s−1. This is 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than dissolution rates of buried hydrates through permeable sediments and well within the experimentally derived range for exposed gas hydrates under different hydrodynamic boundary conditions. We conclude that submarine canyons which display high hydrodynamic activity can become key areas of enhanced seepage as a result of emerging weather patterns due to climate change.
Tropical circulation and hydrological cycle response to orbital forcing
Authors: Khon V. C. , Park W. , Latif M. , Mokhov I. I. , Schneider B.
Published: July 2012

The intensity of the two major atmospheric tropical circulations, the Hadley and Walker circulation, has been analyzed in simulations with the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) of the early Eemian and the early Holocene, both warmer climate epochs compared to the late Holocene, or pre‐industrial era. The KCM was forced by changes in orbital parameters corresponding to the early and late Holocene (9.5kyr BP and pre‐industrial) and the early Eemian (126kyr BP). An intensification of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) winter Hadley cell and a northward extension of its rising branch, the Intertropical Convergence Zone, relative to pre‐industrial are simulated for both warm periods. The Walker circulation's rising branch is shifted westward towards the Indian Ocean due to an increased zonal tropical sea surface temperature (SST) gradient across the Indo‐Pacific Ocean, which drives enhanced easterlies over this region. The simulated vertically‐integrated water vapor transport across the Equator shows the strongest response for the SH winter (boreal summer) Hadley cell over the Pacific Ocean due to an enhanced cross‐equatorial SST gradient in the tropical Pacific during the early Holocene and the early Eemian. The orbitally‐induced increase of the cross‐equatorial insolation gradient in the tropical Pacific leads to a strengthening (weakening) of the wind speed and enhanced (reduced) evaporative cooling over the southern (northern) tropical Pacific, which reinforces the initial radiatively‐forced meridional SST gradient change. The increased cross‐equatorial insolation gradient in combination with the strong wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback and changing humidity are important mechanisms to enhance the SH winter Hadley circulation response to orbital forcing.
Where is the level of neutral buoyancy for deep convection?
Authors: Takahashi Hanii , Luo Zhengzhao
Published: July 2012

This study revisits an old concept in meteorology ‐ level of neutral buoyancy (LNB). The classic definition of LNB is derived from the parcel theory and can be estimated from the ambient sounding (LNB_sounding) without having to observe any actual convective cloud development. In reality, however, convection interacts with the environment in complicated ways; it will eventually manage to find its own effective LNB and manifests it through detraining masses and developing anvils (LNB_observation). This study conducts a near‐global survey of LNB_observation for tropical deep convection using CloudSat data and makes comparison with the corresponding LNB_sounding. The principal findings are as follows: First, although LNB_sounding provides a reasonable upper bound for convective development, correlation between LNB_sounding and LNB_observation is low suggesting that ambient sounding contains limited information for accurately predicting the actual LNB. Second, maximum mass outflow is located more than 3 km lower than LNB_sounding. Hence, from convective transport perspective, LNB_sounding is a significant overestimate of the “destination” height level of the detrained mass. Third, LNB_observation is consistently higher over land than over ocean, although LNB_sounding is similar between land and ocean. This difference is likely related to the contrasts in convective strength and environment between land and ocean. Finally, we estimate the bulk entrainment rates associated with the observed deep convection, which can serve as an observational basis for adjusting GCM cumulus parameterization.
Ionospheric disturbances (infrasound waves) over the Czech Republic excited by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Chum J. , Hruska F. , Zednik J. , Lastovicka J.
Published: July 2012

A train of large amplitude infrasound wave packets was observed by multipoint Continuous Doppler sounding system in the ionosphere over the Czech Republic on 11 March 2011. It is shown that these infrasound wave packets originated from vertical motion of the ground surface that was caused by arrival of seismic waves generated by the strong Tohoku earthquake. The infrasound wave packets were observed in the ionosphere at heights of ∼210–220 km about 9 min after the detection of corresponding wave packets on the ground, which is consistent with the calculated time for vertically propagating infrasound waves. Absolute values of cross‐correlation coefficients between ionospheric and ground measurements are typically higher than 0.9 (for two wave packets ∼0.98). The individual wave packets recorded on the ground have different observed horizontal velocities and correspond to different types of seismic waves. A comparison of vertical velocities of ground motion with oscillation velocities of air particles in the ionosphere indicates that almost 1/10 of the infrasound energy flux excited at the ground reached the altitudes of ∼210–220 km for wave periods longer than ∼30 s. Estimates of sound attenuation are performed. It is also shown that it is necessary to consider the value of electron density gradient at the reflection height of the sounding radio wave, and air (plasma) compression owing to the infrasound wave to get reasonable estimates of oscillation velocities of air particles from Doppler shift frequencies.
Magnetic local time and latitude dependence of amplitude of the main impulse (MI) of geomagnetic sudden commencements and its seasonal variation
Authors: Shinbori Atsuki , Tsuji Yuji , Kikuchi Takashi , Araki Tohru , Ikeda Akihiro , Uozumi Teiji , Baishev Dmitry , Shevtsov Boris M. , Nagatsuma Tsutomu , Yumoto Kiyohumi
Published: July 2012

The magnetic local time and latitude dependence of amplitude of the main impulse (MI) of geomagnetic sudden commencements (SCs) and its seasonal variation have been investigated using high time resolution (1–3 sec) geomagnetic data in the latitudinal range 27–70 degrees for the period 1996–2010. The daytime distribution of the SC‐MI amplitude in the sub‐auroral and middle latitudes (35–60 degrees) is similar to the DP‐2 type geomagnetic variation which shows negative and positive changes in the morning and afternoon, respectively. The magnetic field variation is reversed around the magnetic latitude of 63–65 degrees. This suggests that a pair of field‐aligned currents (FACs), resembling the region‐1 (R‐1) FACs, is located near the magnetic latitude of 63–65 degrees. The nighttime SC amplitude is enhanced significantly in the low and middle latitudes (27–60 degrees). The enhancement is due to the magnetic effect produced by the SC‐MI FACs. In the nighttime auroral latitude (63–65 degrees), the SC amplitude decreases steeply due to the enhanced westward auroral electrojet associated with the compression of the magnetosphere. The size of the diurnal variation tends to increase significantly during the summer, compared with that during the winter. This seasonal variation suggests that the DP‐2 type ionospheric currents (ICs) and FACs generated during the SC‐MI phase are intensified by increased ionospheric conductivities during the summer. It can be concluded that the large‐scale MI current system in the ionosphere and magnetosphere is voltage generator.
Analysis of the water level dynamics simulated by a global river model: A case study in the Amazon River
Authors: Yamazaki Dai , Lee Hyongki , Alsdorf Douglas E. , Dutra Emanuel , Kim Hyungjun , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan
Published: July 2012

Water level dynamics in continental‐scale rivers is an important factor for surface water studies and flood hazard management. However, most continental‐scale river models have not focused on the reproduction of water level because the storage and movement of surface waters are regulated by smaller‐scale topography than their grid resolutions. Here we analyzed the water level dynamics simulated by a state‐of‐the‐art global river model, CaMa‐Flood, with subgrid representation of floodplain topography. As a case study, hydrodynamics simulation in the Amazon River was accomplished, and the simulated water surface elevations along the main stem were compared against Envisat altimetry. The seasonal cycles of the simulated water surface elevations are in agreement with the altimetry (correlation coefficient >0.69, annual amplitude error <1.6 m). The accuracy of absolute water surface elevations was also good (averaged RMSE of 1.83 m), and the associated errors were within the range of the model uncertainty due to channel cross‐section parameters. Then the ocean tide variation at river mouth was incorporated for simulating the tidal effect in the inland Amazon basin, which requires realistic representation of absolute water surface elevations. By applying power spectra analysis to the simulated water level variations, the 15 day cycle due to spring and neap tides was detected at Obidos, located 800 km upstream from the river mouth. The reproduction of the ocean tide propagation to the inland region suggests that CaMa‐Flood includes the main physical processes needed to accurately simulate the water level dynamics in continental‐scale rivers.
LUBAC synthesizes linear ubiquitin chains via a thioester intermediate
Authors: Stieglitz Benjamin , Morris‐Davies Aylin C , Koliopoulos Marios G , Christodoulou Evangelos , Rittinger Katrin
Published: July 2012

The linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC) is a RING E3 ligase that regulates immune and inflammatory signalling pathways. Unlike classical RING E3 ligases, LUBAC determines the type of ubiquitin chain being formed, an activity normally associated with the E2 enzyme. We show that the RING‐in‐between‐RING (RBR)‐containing region of HOIP—the catalytic subunit of LUBAC—is sufficient to generate linear ubiquitin chains. However, this activity is inhibited by the N‐terminal portion of the molecule, an inhibition that is released upon complex formation with HOIL‐1L or SHARPIN. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HOIP transfers ubiquitin to the substrate through a thioester intermediate formed by a conserved cysteine in the RING2 domain, supporting the notion that RBR ligases act as RING/HECT hybrids.
Genderspezifische Aspekte der Krankheitsverarbeitung – Konsequenzen für die Praxis
Authors: Determann Mechthild , Ratsak Gerda
Published: July 2012

Frauen und Männer zeigen bei ein und derselben Krankheit nicht nur unterschiedliche Symptome, sondern verarbeiten ihre Erkrankung auch emotional unterschiedlich. Dabei greifen sie auf ganz verschiedene Strategien zurück.
Cross‐Shore, Seasonal, and Depth‐Related Structure of Ichthyoplankton Assemblages in Coastal Alabama
Authors: Carassou Laure , Hernandez Frank J. , Powers Sean P. , Graham William M.
Published: July 2012

Investigations of the spatial and temporal structure of larval fish assemblages are essential for a better understanding of the dynamics of fish populations and their resilience to environmental change. This study provides an original typology of the spatial, seasonal, and depth‐related structure of ichthyoplankton assemblages collected along a 77‐km cross‐shore gradient in Alabama coastal waters. This typology is based on a depth‐discrete ichthyoplankton survey conducted across multiple years at a high spatial and temporal resolution in the northern Gulf of Mexico. A total of 350,766 larvae were collected, among which >95% could be identified to families. The total density of fish larvae was significantly higher inshore, whereas the number of families increased offshore. Multivariate regression trees and Dufrêne–Legendre indices were used to identify seven assemblages dominated by different families of larvae. These assemblages were primarily structured by distance from the shore, followed by season and depth, and were associated with different water masses characterized by distinct temperature and salinity conditions. Families Clupeidae, Bregmacerotidae, Synodontidae, Scombridae, and Ophidiidae were typical offshore, whereas families Engraulidae, Gobiidae, and Gobiesocidae were typical inshore. These observed spatial distributions likely reflected interactions between adult spawning behaviors and oceanographic processes, in particular the influence of the Mobile River. Our results thus confirm existing lines of evidence suggesting that riverine influences play a major role in fish population dynamics along the Alabama inner shelf. For many families, the observed seasonal distributions were largely consistent with the results of previous studies conducted at smaller spatial resolution in the area. However, our large‐scale, high‐resolution, cross‐shore design clearly improved the detection of seasonal variations for inshore and offshore taxa otherwise rarely collected.
Effect of Low Salinity on Jade Perch Scortum barcoo Performance in a Recirculating Aquaculture System
Authors: Luo Guozhi , Zhang Na , Tan Hongxin
Published: July 2012

The jade perch Scortum barcoo is a new species in the developing freshwater finfish grow-out sector. In this study, the effects of salinity (0, 5, and 10‰) on growth and several physiological indicators of jade perch were investigated. Salinity did not have a significant effect on mean weight gained, condition factor, and feed efficiency of the fish, but it significantly affected their specific growth rate during the 28-d experiment. The levels of serum alanine transaminase and triacylglycerol did not differ significantly among the three treatment groups, but salinity did significantly affect serum cortisol level and serum lysozyme activity. Despite the elevation in circulating cortisol induced by saline conditions, growth of jade perch was not negatively affected, and the specific growth rate suggested an improved growth rate in fish held in 5‰ salinity water.
Effect of Spawning Substrate Area to Male Ratio on Fathead Minnow Egg Production
Authors: Weldon Daryl B , Stone Nathan , Sun Jinyan
Published: July 2012

A commercially feasible indoor hatching system for fathead minnow Pimephales promelas requires an efficient egg collection process that maximizes egg numbers while minimizing spawning substrate. Four ratios of substrate area to the number of male fathead minnow were compared by stocking approximately 40 males and 80 females into each of sixteen 3.3-m2 outdoor pools to determine the volume of eggs that could be collected every 2–3 d. No differences in mean egg volume were found among the three lowest ratios of substrate area to the number of males (85, 170, and 255 cm2), and egg volume did not differ between the lowest (85 cm2) and highest (340 cm2) ratios, indicating that 85 cm2 of spawning substrate per male was sufficient. On average, less than one-third of the males were nesting at any one time. These results strongly suggest that lower spawning substrate area : male ratios should be tested to further refine this new hatchery method.
Efficacy of SLICE Premix (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate) for Reducing Infestations of Salmincola spp. on Freshwater-Reared Rainbow Trout
Authors: Bowker James D , Carty Daniel G , Wandelear Niccole , Schaffer Jim , Swee Wesley , LaPatra Scott E
Published: July 2012

Salmincola spp. are ectoparasites of major concern in wild and cultured salmonids. These parasites can cause respiratory distress and facilitate the entry of secondary pathogens. Of particular concern in the United States is S. californiensis, which can infest all Oncorhynchus spp. and is restricted largely to freshwater. Bath treatments with formalin and hydrogen peroxide have traditionally been used to control infestations of some parasitic copepods in cultured salmonids; however, these treatments can be difficult to apply, expensive, and stressful to fish and have not been shown to be effective against S. californiensis. A more effective and efficient treatment method needs to be developed. SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB]) is a commercial in-feed treatment that has been shown to be effective for the control of sea lice infestations in seawater-reared farmed salmon and trout. We postulated that EB might also be efficacious for the control of parasitic copepods such as S. californiensis on freshwater-reared salmonids. Four trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of SLICE-medicated feed administered at a target dosage of 50 μg EB·kg fish−1·d−1 for seven consecutive days to control infestations of S. californiensis on freshwater-reared rainbow trout. At the end of each trial (after either a 30- or 42-d posttreatment period), copepod prevalence in treated tanks was substantially reduced compared with the pretrial prevalence recorded in the reference populations. Additionally, a significant difference was detected in mean abundance between treated and control groups, with a 79–96% reduction in mean abundance among fish offered the EB-medicated feed. Based on the results of these trials, it was concluded that SLICE was efficacious in reducing infestations of S. californiensis on freshwater-reared rainbow trout.
Wall fluxes of reactive oxygen species of an rf atmospheric-pressure plasma and their dependence on sheath dynamics
Authors: Liu D X , Yang A J , Wang X H , Rong M Z , Iza F , Kong M G
Published: July 2012

A radio-frequency (rf) atmospheric-pressure discharge in He–O2 mixture is studied using a fluid model for its wall fluxes and their dependence on electron and chemical kinetics in the sheath region. It is shown that ground-state O,

and O− are the dominant wall fluxes of neutral species, cations and anions, respectively. Detailed analysis of particle transport shows that wall fluxes are supplied from a boundary layer of 3–300 µm immediately next to an electrode, a fraction of the thickness of the sheath region. The width of the boundary layer mirrors the effective excursion distance during lifetime of plasma species, and is a result of much reduced length scale of particle transport at elevated gas pressures. As a result, plasma species supplying their wall fluxes are produced locally within the boundary layer and the chemical composition of the overall wall flux depends critically on spatio-temporal characteristics of electron temperature and density within the sheath. Wall fluxes of cations and ions are found to consist of a train of nanosecond pulses, whereas wall fluxes of neutral species are largely time-invariant.
Stress-induced annihilation of Stone–Wales defects in graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Sun Y J , Ma F , Ma D Y , Xu K W , Chu Paul K
Published: July 2012

Stress arising from structural or thermal misfit impacts the reliability of graphene-related devices. The deformation behaviour of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) with Stone–Wales defects under stress studied by molecular dynamics shows that nearly all the SW defects annihilate via inverse rotation of C–C bonds. The fracture stress of defective GNRs is comparable to that of perfect ones and similar to mechanical annealing observed from bulk metals. It is a competition between bond rotation and fracture and depends on the strain rate and temperature. At a lower strain rate, such as 10−5 ps−1, the rotation velocity of C–C bonds of 4.2 Å ps−1 is three orders of magnitude larger than the velocity of the collective movement of atoms (1.2 × 10−3 Å ps−1). There is enough time for the C–C bond rotation to respond to the external load, but it becomes more difficult at higher strain rates. This stress-induced SW defect annihilation can be enhanced at higher temperatures because of enhanced exchange of atomic momentum and energy. The results reveal the dominant influence of SW defects on the mechanical properties of two-dimensional materials.
Modularity lifting in parallel weight one
Authors: Kassaei Payman
Published: July 2012

We prove an analogue of a modularity lifting result of Buzzard and Taylor for totally real fields in which

p
p

is unramified. This can be used to prove certain cases of the strong Artin conjecture over totally real fields.
MyMiner: a web application for computer-assisted biocuration and text annotation
Authors: Salgado David , Krallinger Martin , Depaule Marc , Drula Elodie , Tendulkar Ashish V. , Leitner Florian , Valencia Alfonso , Marcelle Christophe
Published: July 2012

Motivation: The exponential growth of scientific literature has resulted in a massive amount of unstructured natural language data that cannot be directly handled by means of bioinformatics tools. Such tools generally require structured data, often generated through a cumbersome process of manual literature curation. Herein, we present MyMiner, a free and user-friendly text annotation tool aimed to assist in carrying out the main biocuration tasks and to provide labelled data for the development of text mining systems. MyMiner allows easy classification and labelling of textual data according to user-specified classes as well as predefined biological entities. The usefulness and efficiency of this application have been tested for a range of real-life annotation scenarios of various research topics.

Availability:  http://myminer.armi.monash.edu.au.

Contacts: david.salgado@monash.edu and christophe.marcelle@monash.edu

Supplementary Information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Genealogy of Law
Authors: Clark Tom S. , Lauderdale Benjamin E.
Published: July 2012

Many theories of judicial politics have at their core the concepts of legal significance, doctrinal development and evolution, and the dynamics of precedent. Despite rigorous theoretical conceptualization, these concepts remain empirically elusive. We propose the use of a genealogical model (or “family tree”) to describe the Court's construction of precedent over time. We describe statistical assumptions that allow us to estimate this kind of structure using an original data set of citation counts between Supreme Court majority opinions. The genealogical model of doctrinal development provides a parsimonious description of the dependencies between opinions, while generating measures of legal significance and other related quantities. We employ these measures to evaluate the robustness of a recent finding concerning the relationship between ideological homogeneity within majority coalitions and the legal impact of Court decisions.
NONPARANEOPLASTIC AUTOIMMUNE RETINOPATHY PRESENTING WITH PERIPHERAL RETINAL VASOOCCLUSION
Authors: Lin Chun-Ju , Chen San-Ni , Hwang Jiunn-Feng , Tseng Chien-Chi , Li Kun-Hsien
Published: July 2012

Purpose:

To report a case of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy presenting with severe peripheral retinal vasoocclusion.

Methods:

Interventional case report.

Case Report:

A 44-year-old woman complained of blurred vision and photopsia in both eyes. She has no history of cancer or autoimmune disease. Best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the left eye and 20/30 in the right eye. Constriction of the visual field sparing central vision was found. Fluorescein angiography revealed severe peripheral retinal vasoocclusion, panretinal degeneration, and cystoid macular edema. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated intraretinal fluid. Electroretinography showed decreased amplitude of a- and b-waves in both scotopic and photopic tests. The implicit time was generally within normal limits. The amplitude of flicker response was also diminished. Multifocal electroretinography showed declined signal all over the macular region. Systemic workup including whole body positron emission tomography/computed tomography for cancer screening showed negative results. Only antirecoverin antibody was positive. Under the impression of nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathy, systemic and local immunosuppressive therapy was given and showed improvement.

Conclusion:

Nonparaneoplastic autoimmune retinopathies are uncommon retinal degenerations with visual loss associated with unique clinical symptoms and findings and with serum antiretinal autoantibodies. Severe peripheral retinal vasoocclusion was not reported. Early detection and timely treatment with immunosuppression could result in clinical improvement.
ALL-TRANS RETINOIC ACID DIFFERENTIATION SYNDROME CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Levasseur Steve D. , Tantiworawik Adisak , Lambert Maberley David A.
Published: July 2012

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to report a case of multifocal serous neurosensory retinal detachments associated with systemic differentiation syndrome (DS) (formerly known as all-trans retinoic acid [ATRA] syndrome) in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Methods:

In this observational case report, we identify a case of DS because of ATRA induction therapy with associated multiple focal serous neurosensory retinal detachments in a 39-year-old man with acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Results:

While suffering from a rebound episode of DS secondary to ATRA therapy, the patient experienced deterioration of his vision bilaterally. Within 8 days of discontinuing ATRA and the initiation of dexamethasone, the patient's systemic status and ocular findings resolved completely. Optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography confirmed the resolution of the subretinal fluid.

Conclusion:

Given the time of onset of the patient's visual symptoms with associated chorioretinopathy, his concurrent systemic manifestations of DS, along with his concurrent systemic, and ocular response to treatment, we speculate that this is the first reported occurrence of ATRA-associated chorioretinopathy in a patient with ATRA DS.
INTRAOPERATIVE BREAKAGE OF A DISPOSABLE 23-GAUGE TROCAR TIP
Authors: Udoetuk Joshua D. , Javey Golnaz , Carvounis Petros E.
Published: July 2012

Purpose:

To report breakage of the tip of a 23-gauge trocar system during pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:

Retrospective single case report.

Results:

A 56-year-old man was undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage using a 23-gauge 1-step trocar/cannula entry system. After placement of the first cannula and upon withdrawing the trocar from the sclera, we noted that the tip had broken. We switched to another brand and completed the surgery without complication. Inspection of the fundus and plain radiography showed no intraocular foreign body, and the patient had an uncomplicated recovery.

Conclusion:

Vitreoretinal surgeons should be aware of the possibility of intraoperative breakage of the 23-gauge trocar tip after creation of the scleral tunnel.
Dynamin2 S-nitrosylation regulates adenovirus type 5 infection of epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Zhimin , Kim Jae Il , Frilot Nicole , Daaka Yehia
Published: July 2012

Dynamin2 is a large GTPase that regulates vesicle trafficking, and the GTPase activity of dynamin2 is required for the multistep process of adenovirus infection. Activity of dynamin2 may be regulated by post-translational phosphorylation and S-nitrosylation modifications. In this study, we demonstrate a role for dynamin2 S-nitrosylation in adenovirus infection of epithelial cells. We show that adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) infection augments production of nitric oxide (NO) in epithelial cells and causes the S-nitrosylation of dynamin2, mainly on cysteine 86 (C86) and 607 (C607) residues. Forced overexpression of dynamin2 bearing C86A and/or C607A mutations decreases Ad5 infection. Diminishing NO synthesis by RNAi-induced knockdown of endogenous endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression attenuates virus infection of target cells. Ad5 infection promotes the kinetically dynamic S-nitrosylation of dynamin2 and eNOS: there is a rapid decrease in eNOS S-nitrosylation and a concomitant increase in the dynamin2 S-nitrosylation. These results support the hypothesis that dynamin2 S-nitrosylation following eNOS activation facilitates adenovirus infection of host epithelial cells.
Data representations of Zeeman spatial beam splitting in polarized neutron reflectometry
Authors: Kozhevnikov Sergey , Ott Frédéric , Radu Florin
Published: July 2012

The different Zeeman beam-splitting effects in neutron reflectivity experiments in reflection and refraction are discussed. Different possible representations of the experimental Zeeman splitting data in various coordinate systems are investigated. Some of these representations are useful to unambiguously identify the off-specular splitting arising from Zeeman energy and discriminate it from the usual diffuse scattering. Some representations are more suited for the direct extraction of quantitative information about the systems by using the Zeeman splitting effect. The Zeeman splitting can thus be used as a tool rather than being treated as a parasitic effect. Parameters such as the optical and magnetic potentials of buried layers can be directly extracted. The magnetic induction in demagnetized samples can also be probed. These representative characteristics are illustrated by experimental data measured on different systems. In thick AlSiFe films (20 µm), the magnetic induction is determined at the top and bottom interfaces. In thin Co layers (250 nm), the magnetic induction of ferromagnetic domains in the demagnetized state is evaluated.
A gradual desiccation method for improving the efficiency of protein crystallization screening
Authors: Lu Qin-Qin , Xie Xu-Zhuo , Chen Rui-Qing , Wu Zi-Qing , Cheng Qing-Di , Shang Peng , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: July 2012

In vapor diffusion protein crystallization screening, it has been reported that replacing the reservoir solution with desiccant can increase the crystallization success rate. Therefore, the desiccation method is a potentially powerful method in practical protein crystallization screening. However, this method is difficult to apply broadly because the optimal amount of desiccant for a specific screening task is unknown. Utilizing an unsuitable amount of desiccant can result in even worse screening results than would be obtained from the traditional vapor diffusion method. Here, it is shown that by employing a modified strategy, named the gradual desiccation method, the problem can be solved without knowing the optimal amount of desiccant, and the crystallization success rate can be further increased compared with the one-time desiccation method.
Characterization of an anomaly in the crystallographic orientation of plate-like carbides precipitated in a wrought Ni-base superalloy
Authors: Jeong H. W. , Kim I. S. , Seo S. M. , Yoo Y. S. , Choi B. G. , Jo C. Y.
Published: July 2012

Face-centred cubic Cr-rich carbide is known to precipitate in a face-centred cubic matrix with a cube–cube orientation relationship, thereby minimizing the elastic strain energy. In the present study, for the first time, the precipitation was observed of an abnormal Cr-rich carbide, which did not have the cube–cube orientation relationship in its face-centred cubic matrix. The abnormally oriented carbides nucleated and grew around random grain boundaries, and were observed to have a lamellar or plate-like morphology. The crystallographic orientation anomaly was characterized by measuring the tilt angles of the three crystal poles of the matrices, carbides and adjacent grains, using a transmission electron microscope to find the closest coincidence site lattice boundary. The carbides showed a slight deviation from a cube–cube orientation with adjacent grains and did not present any particular orientational relationship with the matrix. The deviation angles from coincidence site lattice boundaries between the matrices and carbides were smaller than those between matrices and adjacent grains. The abnormally oriented carbides appeared to nucleate on adjacent grains, and underwent a rotation within the matrix during the initial stage of growth to release the phase boundary energy between the carbides and the matrix.
Mirror symmetries in multiple diffraction patterns of face-centred cubic crystals
Authors: Parente Carlos Benedicto Ramos , Mazzocchi Vera Lucia , Sasaki José Marcos , Cardoso Lisandro Pavie
Published: July 2012

In this work, a study of the mirror symmetries appearing in multiple diffraction patterns of face-centred cubic crystals is carried out. Several different X-ray and neutron multiple diffraction patterns have been simulated for different face-centred cubic structures. The patterns were plotted in circular plots which showed that two types of symmetry mirrors coexist in the patterns: isomorphic and anamorphic mirrors. The number and types of mirrors depend on then-fold symmetry of the scattering vector associated with the primary reflection. Forneven, onlynisomorphic mirrors appear in the patterns. Fornodd,nisomorphic mirrors are formed intercalated betweennanamorphic mirrors.
WinGXandORTEP for Windows: an update
Authors: Farrugia Louis J.
Published: July 2012

TheWinGXsuite provides a complete set of programs for the treatment of small-molecule single-crystal diffraction data, from data reduction and processing, structure solution, model refinement and visualization, and metric analysis of molecular geometry and crystal packing, to final report preparation in the form of a CIF. It includes several well known pieces of software and provides a repository for programs when the original authors no longer wish to, or are unable to, maintain them. It also provides menu items to execute external software, such as theSIRandSHELXsuites of programs. The programORTEP for Windowsprovides a graphical user interface (GUI) for the classicORTEPprogram, which is the original software for the illustration of anisotropic displacement ellipsoids. The GUI code provides input capabilities for a wide variety of file formats, and extra functionality such as geometry calculations and ray-traced outputs. The programsWinGXandORTEP for Windowshave been distributed over the internet for about 15 years, and this article describes some of the more modern features of the programs.
The first 3′:5′-cyclic nucleotide–amino acid complex:L-His–cIMP
Authors: Ślepokura Katarzyna
Published: July 2012

In the crystal structure of the L-His–cIMP complex,i.e.L-histidinium inosine 3′:5′-cyclic phosphate [systematic name: 5-(2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium 7-hydroxy-2-oxo-6-(6-oxo-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-9-yl)-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-1,3,5,2λ5-furo[3,2-d][1,3,2λ5]dioxaphosphinin-2-olate], C6H10N3O2+·C10H10N4O7P−, the Hoogsteen edge of the hypoxanthine (Hyp) base of cIMP and the Hyp face are engaged in specific amino acid–nucleotide (His...cIMP) recognition,i.e.by abutting edge-to-edge and by π–π stacking, respectively. The Watson–Crick edge of Hyp and the cIMP phosphate group play a role in nonspecific His...cIMP contacts. The interactions between the cIMP anions (anti/C3′–endo/trans–gauche/chair conformers) are realized mainly between riboses and phosphate groups. The results for this L-His–cIMP complex, compared with those for the previously reported solvated L-His–IMP crystal structure, indicate a different nature of amino acid–nucleotide recognition and interactions upon the 3′:5′-cyclization of the nucleotide phosphate group.
1,2-Bis(pyridin-4-yl)diazene–3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid–methanol (3/2/2)
Authors: Rusu Elena , Shova Sergiu , Rusu Gheorghe
Published: July 2012

The title compound, 3C10H8N4·2C7H6O5·2CH4O, has a molecular crystal structure which results from the cocrystallization of gallic acid (GA), 4,4′-azodipyridine (AzPy) and methanol in a 2:3:2 molar ratio. The asymmetric unit comprises one molecule each of GA, AzPy and methanol in general positions and half a molecule of AzPy as this is located about a centre of inversion. In the crystal, all the components of the structure are associatedviathe extended system of hydrogen bonds (O—H...O and O—H...N) and π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distance = 3.637 (3) Å] into two-dimensional supramolecular layers which are packed parallel to the [101] plane. The shortest perpendicular distance and the slippage between aromatic groups are 3.395 (3) and 2.152 (3) Å, respectively. The AzPy molecules display atransconformation with respect to the azo groups.
4-{[(1S,2R)-2-Hydroxyindan-1-yl]amino}pent-3-en-2-one
Authors: Park Ka Hyun , Go Min Jeong , Lee Hwi Hyun , Kim Sungae , Lee Junseong
Published: July 2012

In the molecule of the title compound, C14H17NO2, the dihedral angle formed by the mean planes through the indan ring system and the aminopentenone fragment is 83.26 (13)°. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked into one-dimensional chains extending along the [010] directionviaO—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.
Diaqua[μ-11,23-di-tert-butyl-3,7,15,19-tetraazatricyclo[19.3.1.19,13]tetracosa-1(25),2,6,9,11,13(26),14,19,21,23-dodecaene-25,26-diolato-κ4N3,N7,O25,O26:κ4N15,N19,O25,O26]dicopper(II) bis(perchlorate)
Authors: Xu Qiang , Wang Zhaodong , He Jiahong , Song Zhongrong , Chen Fengming , Meng Jiangping , Hu Chengbo
Published: July 2012

In the dinuclear title complex, [Cu2(C30H38N4O2)(H2O)2](ClO4)2, the coordination cation has crystallographically imposed twofold rotational symmetry. The CuIIion is five-coordinated by two N and two O atoms from the macrocylic ligand and one O atom from a water molecule, forming a square-pyramidal N2O3geometry with the water molecule in the apical position. The distance between the two CuIIatoms is 3.0930 (5) Å. Hydrogen bonds between water molecules and between water molecules and perchlorate anions assemble two cations and four anions into discrete supermolecules ofS4symmetry. Intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bonds are also observed. The perchlorate anion and thetert-butyl group are disordered over two positions, with occupancies of the major positions of 0.527 (11) and 0.592 (9), respectively.
Aqua{4,4′-dimethoxy-2,2′-[pyridine-2,3-diylbis(nitrilomethanylylidene)]diphenolato}copper(II)
Authors: Benghanem Fatiha , Benramdane Razika , Bouacida Sofiane , Keraghel Saida , Ourari Ali
Published: July 2012

Molecules of the title compound, [Cu(C21H17N3O4)(H2O)], lie across a crystallographic mirror plane. The CuIIatom is five-coordinated in a distorted square-pyramidal environment by two phenolate O atoms and two imine N atoms of the tetradentate Schiff base anion in the basal plane and one water molecule in the apical position. Because of symmetry, the pyridine N atom and the corresponding C atom at the 4-position of the pyridine ring are disordered. The crystal packing can be described as being composed of alternating layers stacked along [001]. Intramolecular C—H...N and intermolecular C—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions, as well as C—H...π and π–π stacking interactions [shortest centroid–centroid distance = 3.799 (8) Å and interplanar distance = 3.469 (2) Å] are observed.
1-Phenyl-3H-2,3-benzodiazepin-4(5H)-one
Authors: Daouda Ballo , Bihel Frédéric , Doumbia Mouhamadou Lamine , Essassi El Mokhtar , Ng Seik Weng
Published: July 2012

The seven-membered ring in the title compound, C15H12N2O, adopts a boat-shaped conformation (with the methylene C atom as the prow and the double-bond C=N pair of atoms as the stern). In the crystal, adjacent molecules are linked by an N—H...O hydrogen bond to generate helical chains running along theaaxis of the orthorhombic unit cell.
N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)phthalimide: a triclinic polymorph
Authors: Takahashi Hiroki
Published: July 2012

The title compound [systematic name: 2-(4-methoxybenzyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione], C16H13NO3, represents a triclinic polymorph of the previously reported monoclinic form [Warzechaet al.(2006).Acta Cryst. E62, o5450–o5452]. The reaction of potassium phthalimide and 4-methoxybenzyl chloride in dimethylformamide gave platelet-shaped crystals; these were harvested and then needle-shaped crystals were deposited. The platelet- and needle-shaped crystals correspond to the triclinic and monoclinic forms, respectively. The N—C—Car—Cartorsion angles between the ring systems are −82.66 (14) and 95.28 (13)°, resulting in a roof-shaped conformation. In the crystal, molecules are accumulated by offset face–face π–π interactions between phthalimide units [centroid–centroid distances = 3.640 (2) and 3.651 (2) Å], with interplanar distances of 3.321 (1) and 3.435 (1) Å. Weak intermolecular Caryl—H...O=C and Calkyl—H...O=C contacts formC(8) andC(11) infinite chain motifs, respectively.
Bis[2,6-bis(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN3)pyridine-κN]zinc dipicrate methanol disolvate
Authors: Fan Xuyang , Yuan Jingkun , Bai Ying , Kong Jin , Wu Huilu
Published: July 2012

In the title compound, [Zn(C21H17N5)2](C6H2N3O7)2·2CH3OH, the ZnIIatom is coordinated by six N atoms from two tridentate 2,6-bis(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine ligands in a distorted octahedral environment. In the crystal, the picrate anions and methanol solvent molecules are connected by O—H...O hydrogen bonds. Weak intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds are also observed.
An intervention targeting service providers and clients for methadone maintenance treatment in China: a cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Li Li , Wu Zunyou , Liang Li‐Jung , Lin Chunqing , Zhang Linglin , Guo Sam , Rou Keming , Li Jianhua
Published: July 2012

Aims

This study examines the preliminary outcomes of an intervention targeting service providers in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) clinics in China. The intervention effects on both service providers and clients are reported.

Design

The MMT CARE intervention pilot was developed and implemented collaboratively with local health educators. After three group intervention sessions, trained providers in intervention clinics delivered two individual motivational interviewing sessions with their clients.

Settings

Six clinics in Sichuan, China, were randomized to either the MMT CARE intervention condition or a standard care condition.

Participants

A total of 41 providers and 179 clients were sampled from the six clinics.

Measurements

At baseline and three‐, six‐, and nine‐month assessments, providers completed self‐administrated paper/pencil questionnaires regarding provider‐client interaction, MMT knowledge, perceived job‐related stigma and clinic support. Clients completed a face‐to‐face survey about their concurrent drug use and drug avoidance self‐efficacy. Mixed‐effects regression models with clinic‐level random effect were used to assess the intervention effects.

Findings

Significant intervention effects for providers were found in improved MMT knowledge, provider‐client interaction and perceived clinic support. For clients, better improvements in drug avoidance self‐efficacy and reduced concurrent drug use were observed for the intervention compared with the standard care group.

Conclusions

The MMT CARE intervention targeting providers in methadone maintenance clinics can improve providers' treatment knowledge and their interaction with clients. The intervention can also reduce clients' drug‐using behavior through motivational interviewing sessions conducted by trained providers.