bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Trimethylsiloxyallylic Iron Complexes as a β‐Acylcarbanion Equivalent.
Authors: ITO K. , NAKANISHI S. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: May 2016

The α,β‐unsaturated ketones (I) are coupled with trimethylsilyl iodide (II) to yield the trimethylsiloxypropenyl iodides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with N‐Chlorosuccinimide: Trapping of the Siloxycarbinyl Cation by an Azide Anion.
Authors: OHKATA K. , MASE M. , AKIBA K.
Published: May 2016

Generation of chlorosiloxycarbinyl cations from the silyl enol ethers (I) with N‐chlorosuccinimide and subsequent reaction with sodium azide (II) or methanol (V) produce the chlorosiloxy azides (III) or the chloroacetal (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling. Part 5. Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation from β‐Ketosulfone Dianions.
Authors: BELLETIRE J. L. , SPLETZER E. G.
Published: May 2016

The α‐phenylsulfonyl ketones (III), prepared by known procedures, are converted to the dianion salts (V) by treatment with excess LDA (IV) in THF.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (3S)‐Pyrrolidinol from L‐Glutamic Acid.
Authors: HARRIS B. D. , BHAT K. L. , JOULLIE M. M.
Published: May 2016

4‐Amino‐2‐hydroxybutyric acid (I), prepared from L‐glutamic acid by known methods, is cyclized in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane (II) and hexamethyldisilazane, yielding the siloxypyrrolidinone (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Chain Elongation of N‐Carbamoylpyroglutamate. An Efficient Synthesis of (‐)‐Pyrrolidine‐2,5‐dicarboxylic Acid.
Authors: OHTA T. , HOSOI A. , KIMURA T. , NOZOE S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the N‐carbamoylpyroglutamates (I) with the Grignard compounds (II) yields the acyclic esters (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Diazopropane with an Arylsulfonyltrimethylsilyl Substituted Alkene. Steric Control of Regiochemistry by the Trimethylsilyl Group.
Authors: PADWA A. , WANNAMAKER M. W.
Published: May 2016

Photolysis of the tosyltrimethylsilylnorbornadiene (I) results in intramolecular (2 + 2)cycloaddition, yielding the quadricyclane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Organotin Reagents and Alkenes with 4‐Iodopyrimidines.
Authors: SOLBERG J. , UNDHEIM K.
Published: May 2016

The coupling reaction between the pyrimidine (I), whose C‐4 position is activated by iodine, and styrene (IIa) or methyl acrylate (IIb) is best catalyzed by Pd(OAc)2 and yields the trans‐configurated 4‐vinylpyrimidines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 3‐Formylchromones with 4‐Amino‐3‐mercapto‐5‐phenyl‐4H‐ 1,2,4‐triazole under Phase Transfer Catalysis Conditions. Synthesis of 7‐(2′‐Hydroxybenzoyl)‐3‐phenyl‐1,2,4‐triazolo(3,4‐b)(1,3,4)thiadiazepines.
Authors: REDDY G. J. , SABITHA G. , RAO A. V. S.
Published: May 2016

The triazolothiadiazepines (III) are prepared as described in the title and the reaction scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Incipient Pentagonal‐Pyramidal Coordination of Tellurium in a Macrocyclic Tetra(secondary amine) Complex.
Authors: KING R. B. , SANGOKOYA S. A. , HOLT E. M.
Published: May 2016

The Te complex (IV), prepared as shown (no yield given), crystallizes as tetrakis‐chloroform‐bis‐methanol‐solvate in the space group P21/c with Z=2.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Complexes of Polyoxomolybdate Anions. Characterization of a Tetranuclear Core from Reactions in Methanol: Syntheses and Structures of Two Polyoxomolybdate Alcoholates, (MePPh3)2(Mo4O10(OCH3)6) and (n‐Bu4N)2(Mo4O10(OCH3)2(OC6H4O)2), and Their Relationship to a General Class of Tetranuclear Cluster Types (Mo4Ox(OMe)2(L)y(LL)z)2‐.
Authors: LIU S. , SHAIKH S. N. , ZUBIETA J.
Published: May 2016

The hexakis(methoxo) title complex (Ia) is obtained as a product from the reaction of α‐(MePPh3)4(Mo8O26) with two equiv. N‐methyl‐N‐phenylhydrazine in methanol.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cyclam with an Appended Imidazole. The First Biomimetic Ligation of Imidazole for Axial π‐Interaction with Metal Ions.
Authors: KIMURA E. , SHIONOYA M. , MITA T. , IITAKA Y.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of the methyl imidazolylacrylate (I) with 1,9‐diamino‐3,7‐diazanonane (II) gives the macrocyclic carboxamide (IIIa) which is reduced with diborane, forming the cyclic polyamine (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Isomerism Involving an Ambidentate Ligand: The Synthesis and Characterization of Diselenocyanato(bis(diphenylphosphino)methane)palladium(II) and Cyano(selenocyanato)(diphenyl(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phosphineselenide)palladium(II).
Authors: GRYGON C. A. , FULTZ W. C. , RHEINGOLD A. L. , BURMEISTER J. L.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of the diphosphine (I) with (II) produces the complex (III), characterized by a crystal structure determination (space group P212121, Z=4), while reaction of (I) with Pd acetate and KSeCN yields (VI) which is converted into (III) on heating.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium and Osmium Complexes of N,O Chelators: Syntheses, Oxidation Levels, and Distortion Parameters.
Authors: LAHIRI G. K. , BHATTACHARYA S. , GHOSH B. K. , CHAKRAVORTY A.
Published: May 2016

The meridional metal(III) tris(chelates) (III) and (VI) are prepared as shown in the scheme, their structure is investigated by EPR and IR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinol Epoxides from p‐Cresol and Estrone by Photooxygenation and Titanium(IV)‐ or Vanadium(V)‐Catalyzed Oxygen Transfer.
Authors: ADAM W. , LUPON P.
Published: May 2016

Photooxidation of p‐cresol (I) or estrone (V) according to method A) yields the hydroperoxo derivatives (II) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Lithium Gallosilicate with the Zeolite ABW Framework.
Authors: NEWSAM J. M.
Published: May 2016

The syntheses and characterization of gallo‐ and galloaluminosilicates with the zeolite ABW framework and the preparation of condensed δ‐eucryptite phases by calcination of these materials are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescence of Europium Nitrate Hexahydrate, Eu(NO3)3·6 H2O.
Authors: BLASSE G. , DIRKSEN G. J. , VAN VLIET J. P. M.
Published: May 2016

The ligands of Eu3+ in the title compound are shown to influence the luminescence properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Average Oxidation Number of Copper in High Temperature Superconductors of the Type Y1‐xAxBa2Cu3O7‐z (A: Rare Earth Metal).
Authors: SCHAEFER W. + , MAIER‐ROSENKRANZ J. , KIEMEL R. , KEMMLER‐SACK S.
Published: May 2016

20 samples of the title compounds with varying z values (0 < z ≤ 0.5) (16 samples x = 0, 2 samples A: La, and 2 samples A: Lu, x = 0.05) have been prepared by different methods and the average valency number of Cu has been determined by a titration method which is described in detail (addition of (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2, back‐titration with K2Cr2O7).
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalysis on Ti‐Al Binary Metal Oxides: Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Species.
Authors: ANPO M. , KAWAMURA T. , KODAMA S. , MARUYA K. , ONISHI T.
Published: May 2016

Ti‐Al binary metal oxides prepared by coprecipitation are used as photocatalysts for the hydrogenation reaction of propene with water and isomerization of cis‐2‐butene in the gas‐solid system.
ChemInform Abstract: Spectroscopic Evidence for the Formation of Singlet Molecular Oxygen (1δ‐ gO2) Upon Irradiation of a Solvent‐Oxygen (3ε‐ gO2) Cooperative Absorption Band.
Authors: SCURLOCK R. D. , OGILBY P. R.
Published: May 2016

In a time‐resolved experiment, a near IR luminescence subsequent to laser excitation of the oxygen‐induced absorption bands of mesitylene, p‐xylene, o‐xylene, toluene, and benzene (excitation at 355 nm) and 1,4‐dioxane (266 nm) is observed that is shown to be due to 1ΔgO2 phosphorescence.
ChemInform Abstract: SO3 Adducts of Hexameric Oxoniobate Cluster in Nonintegral Subnormal Oxidation States: Formation, Properties and Formulation.
Authors: SAHA A. V. , BANDYOPADHYAY P. , SEN B. K.
Published: May 2016

Nb(V) in 9 M H2SO4 is reduced with metallic zinc to a red‐brown solution, from which eight different salts containing the cluster anion (Nb6O7(O·SO3)12)16‐ are isolated (e.g., K8H8(Nb6O7(O·SO3)12)·18 H2O, K4Zn4H4(Nb6O7(O·SO3)12)·ZnSO4·18 H2O; synthesis conditions are listed in a table, yields in gram).
ChemInform Abstract: Existence and Stability of the Laves Phase Ag2Na.
Authors: FESCHOTTE P. , SPITZ E.‐L.
Published: May 2016

Stoichiometric Ag2Na is formed by peritectic reaction below 322 °C after melting Ag‐Na alloys at temp. up to 750 °C (sealed Ni‐crucible).
ChemInform Abstract: Electron‐Transfer Photochemistry of Benzocyclobutenes: Stereospecific Electrocyclic Reactions of Their Cation Radicals.
Authors: TAKAHASHI Y. , KOCHI J. K.
Published: May 2016

The facile activation of the isomeric benzocyclobutenes (I) either by charge‐transfer irradiation of the electron donor‐acceptor complex with the compound (II) or by chloranil (IV) photosensitization leads to a series of rapid (4+2) cycloadditions providing the products (III) or (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Triaziridines. Part 9. Ring‐Openings of Triaziridines.
Authors: HILPERT H. , DREIDING A. S.
Published: May 2016

The triaziridines (Ia)‐(Ic), (IIa)‐(IIc), and (IIIa)‐(IIIc) are heated at 60 °C in CDCl3 to obtain information on the tendency towards, or the resistance to ring opening of the N3‐homocycle by thermolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Transformations. Part 6. Organic Iodides. Part 5. Template Effect of Transition Metal Ions on Photocyclization of Some Olefinic Acyclic Terpene Iodides.
Authors: SUBBARAO K. V. , DAMODARAN N. P. , DEV S.
Published: May 2016

The photocyclization of citronellyl iodide (I) in the presence of transition metal salts, especially CuCl, results in a significant increase in the yield of the cyclization products (IV)‐(VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 1,2‐Diketones from Acetylenes.
Authors: ZIBUCK R. , SEEBACH D.
Published: May 2016

The oxidizing agent, RuO4, is generated by the action of NaIO4 on RuO2 which is used in catalytic amounts.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Tetrakis(2‐bromoethyl)methane.
Authors: NEWKOME G. R. , GUPTA V. K. , GRIFFIN R. W. , ARAI S.
Published: May 2016

Cyclocondensation of tetrahydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (I) with ethyl cyanoacetate (II) and ammonia (III) yields the spirocyclic dicyanocycloimide (IVa) which is cleaved on treatment with acid, forming the diester (Va).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinylcyclopropanes via Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions.
Authors: BAECKVALL J. E. + , VAGBERG J. O. , ZERCHER C. , GENET J. P. , DENIS A.
Published: May 2016

The 2‐acetoxy‐5‐chloro‐3‐hexenes (Ia) and (IIIa) are coupled with sodium dimethyl malonate (II) to give the acetoxyhexenylmalonates (Ib) and (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: The Adamantane Rearrangement of Tricyclo(4.2.2.01,5)decane to Tricyclo(5.3.0.04,8)decane.
Authors: GHATAK K. L. , GANTER C.
Published: May 2016

The epimeric alcohols (I) and (VI) are synthesized in order to study the rearrangements of adamantane isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Retro Diels‐Alder Reaction of a Vinyl Lithium Compound.
Authors: HART H. , SHAHLAI K.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of benzyne, generated from the diazocarboxylate (I), with chlorobenzene (II) yields the chlorobenzonorbornadiene (III) which is lithiated, forming the intermediate (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Hypolipidemic Agents. Part 5. Synthesis and Esterase‐Inhibitory Activity of 2‐(1,4‐ and 4,4‐Dialkylcyclohexyl)‐2‐oxoethyl Arenesulfonates.
Authors: OGAWA K. , TERADA T. , MURANAKA Y. , HAMAKAWA T. , FUJII S.
Published: May 2016

Alkylation of the cyclohexanecarboxylic acids (I) with the alkyl iodides (II) produces the acids (III) which are treated with thionyl chloride and then with diazomethane (IV) to form the diazo ketones (V) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Desilylative Hydroxyalkylation and Acylation of 1‐Trimethylsilylmethyl‐2‐pyridone.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , SENGUPTA S.
Published: May 2016

The N‐methylpyridone (I) is lithiated to form the intermediate (IIIa) which is trapped with diphenyl ketone (IV), yielding the carbinol (V), or dimerizes to give (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Neighboring Group Participation by Pyridine Ring. Part 3. Synthesis and Solvolysis of 5,8‐Dihydro‐ and 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐5,8‐methanoquinoline Derivatives.
Authors: TANIDA H. , IRIE T.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the norbornanone (I), the brigded quinoline (V) is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Dihydro‐1,4‐oxathiins by Action of Chlorine on 1,3‐Oxathiolanes.
Authors: LEE W. S. , PARK O. S. , CHOI J. K. , NAM K. D.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of the 1,3‐oxathiolanes (I) with chlorine yields the dihydrooxathiines (II) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Method for Synthesis of N‐Acyloxymethyl‐5‐fluorouracils as a Class of Antitumor Agents.
Authors: AHMAD S. , OZAKI S. , NAGASE T. , IIGO M. , TOKUZEN R. , HOSHI A.
Published: May 2016

5‐Fluorouracil (I) is hydroxymethylated to give 1,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)‐ 5‐fluorouracil (III) which is esterificated with the carboxylic acids (IV), producing the 1‐acyloxymethyl‐5‐fluorouracils (V) as the main products.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Diazepines. Part 28. Syntheses of 5H‐1,3‐Diazepines and 2H‐1,4‐Diazepines from 3‐Azidopyridines.
Authors: SAWANISHI H. , TAJIMA K. , TSUCHIYA T.
Published: May 2016

The azidopyridines (I), (V), and (VII) react with sodium methoxide (II) under photolytic conditions to give the diazepine derivatives (III), (IV), (VI), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Phosphorus. Part 184. Existence and Properties of a Phosphinidenediphosphirane (R1P)2C=PR2.
Authors: BAUDLER M. , SIMON J.
Published: May 2016

The reaction according to the scheme yields the first phosphinidenediphosphirane (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antihypertensive Activities of 1,4‐Dihydropyridine‐5‐ phosphonate Derivatives. Part 2.
Authors: MORITA I. , KUNIMOTO K. , TSUDA M. , TADA S. , KISE M. , KIMURA K.
Published: May 2016

The diols (I) react with trimethyl phosphite (II) to give the cyclic phosphites (III) which undergo Arbuzov reaction with bromoacetone (IV), producing the phosphonates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure, and Characterization of the Tetranuclear Iron(III) Oxo Complex (Fe4O2(BICOH)2(BICO)2(O2CPh)4)Cl2.
Authors: GORUN S. M. , LIPPARD S. J.
Published: May 2016

The title complex (IV) is prepared as shown with addition of triethylamine to facilitate removal of the proton and formation of the alkoxide moiety of the anion of (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Transfer from p‐Cyano‐N,N‐dimethylaniline N‐Oxide to the μ‐Oxo Dimer of (meso‐Tetraphenylporphinato)iron(III).
Authors: DICKEN C. M. , BALASUBRAMANIAN P. N. , BRUICE T. C.
Published: May 2016

The title reaction is studied in CH2Cl2 at 25 °C under N2.
ChemInform Abstract: Pentadienyl‐Metal‐Phosphine Chemistry. Part 13. Synthesis and Complexation of a New Chelating Bis(phosphite) Ligand, pinacop. Structural Characterization of (2,4‐Dimethylpentadienyl)M(pinacop) Complexes (M: Co, Rh).
Authors: BLEEKE J. R. , DONALDSON A. J. , PENG W.‐J.
Published: May 2016

The bis(phosphite) ligand (III) is prepared according to the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: The PtCl2‐ 4/Thiamin System. Structures of a Complex, Pt(thiamin)Cl3·H2O, and Two Salts, (Hthiamin)(PtCl4) and (Hthiamin)2(PtCl4)Cl2·2 H2O.
Authors: CRAMER R. E. , KIRKUP R. E. , CARRIE M. J. J.
Published: May 2016

The interaction of thiamin with (PtCl4)2‐ in aqueous solution leads to the title compounds (I), (II), and (III), whose structures are determined by X‐ray analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexes with Biologically Important Ligands. Part 44. Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) as Amino Protecting Groups. Metal Complexes with Silyl Esters and Acid Chlorides as Ligands and Peptide Synthesis at the Complex.
Authors: STEINER N. , EHRENSTORFER E. , CHEN J. , BECK W.
Published: May 2016

The cleavage of the chelate ring of Pt(II) and Pd(II) glycinate (I) by trialkylchlorosilanes (II) results in the formation of the dichlorobis(glycinate ester) complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure, α‐Alkylated Lysine, Ornithine, and Tryptophan Derivatives.
Authors: GANDER‐COQUOZ M. , SEEBACH D.
Published: May 2016

The imidazolidones (V) (accessible from lysine (Ia) or ornithine by known methods) can be diastereoselectively alkylated with the electrophiles (III), (VIII), or (IX) to give the products (IV), (VI), or (VII) depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Acetylation and Deacetylation of Glycals: Characterization by Mass Spectroscopy.
Authors: BOUHROUM S. , VOTTERO P. J. A.
Published: May 2016

The diacetylated glycal (I) reacts with hydrazine to give the deacetylated products (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: n‐AgInSe2/Polyiodide and ‐Polysulfide Photoelectrochemical Cells.
Authors: DAGAN G. , CAHEN D. , NELSON A. J.
Published: May 2016

The n‐AgInSe2 photoanode is found to behave similar to the CuInSe2‐photoelectrode with respect to chemical and photoelectrochemical etching, photocorrosion and the differences between polyiodide and polysulfide electrolytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Polysulfides as Battery Cathodes.
Authors: BOWDEN W. L. , BARNETTE L. H. , DEMUTH D. L.
Published: May 2016

Amorphous samples of Co2S7, Co2S9, Ni2S7, and Fe3S8 are prepared by precipitation from aqueous solution and subsequent heat‐treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: A Polymeric Electrolyte Rechargeable Lithium Battery.
Authors: BONINO F. , OTTAVIANI M. , SCROSATI B. , PISTOIA G.
Published: May 2016

Characteristics and performance of a complete solid‐state rechargeable battery based on the Li/Li1+xV3O8 couple is studied using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) based electrolytes.
ChemInform Abstract: Cathode Behavior and Cell Voltage in NaOH Solutions at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: OGATA Y. , HORI H. , YASUDA M. , HINE F.
Published: May 2016

are investigated for Fe, Ni, and Raney‐Ni electrodes (50‐200 °C, 2‐20 M NaOH, 2.1 MPa) in order to study the applicability of these materials as cathodes for alkaline water electrolysis cells and chlor‐alkali cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Zinc Hydroxide Addition on the Electrochemical Behavior of Precipitated Thin Hydrous Nickel Hydroxide on Platinum Substrate.
Authors: UNATES M. E. , FOLQUER M. E. , VILCHE J. R. , ARVIA A. J.
Published: May 2016

It is shown that the coprecipitation of Zn(OH)2 and Ni(OH)2 on a Pt electrode has a beneficial effect on the Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox couple for a Zn/Ni ratio of about 0.2.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Tetrasulfido Complexes of Molybdenum(VI), Tungsten(VI), Vanadium(V), and Rhenium(VII).
Authors: VOGLER A. , KUNKELY H.
Published: May 2016

In the presence of air, the irradiation of solutions of all four (MS4)n‐ complexes (I) with white light causes photolysis according to the stoichiometry given in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: The Torsional Spectra of Jet‐Cooled Methyl Substituted Indoles in the Ground and First Excited States.
Authors: BICKEL G. A. , LEACH G. W. , DEMMER D. R. , HAGER J. W. , WALLACE S. C.
Published: May 2016

(BICKEL, G. A.; LEACH, G. W.; DEMMER, D. R.; HAG‐ ER, J. W.; WALLACE, S. C.; J. Chem.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Affinities of Benzo‐, Naphtho‐, and Anthraquinones Determined from Gas‐Phase Equilibria Measurements.
Authors: HEINIS T. , CHOWDHURY S. , SCOTT S. L. , KEBARLE P.
Published: May 2016

The equilibrium constant Ket for gas‐phase electron transfer equilibria A‐ + B = A + B‐ between compounds A with known electron attachment energies such as (I) and some 21 benzo‐, naphtho‐, and anthraquinones B such as (II)‐(VI) are determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition and Copolymerization of Methyl Tricyanoethylenecarboxylate with Electron‐Rich Olefins.
Authors: HALL H. K. JUN. , PADIAS A. B. , WAY T.‐F. , BERGAMI B.
Published: May 2016

Methyl tricyanoethylenecarboxylate (III), prepared from tetracyanoethylene (I) and the cyanoacetate (II), is subjected to cycloaddition reactions with the olefinic compounds (IV) and (VIII), yielding the diastereomeric cyclobutanes (V) and (VI) or (IX) and (X), together with the pyran derivatives (VII) or (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Diazoazoles with Electron‐Rich and with Strained Unsaturated Compounds.
Authors: MAGEE W. L. , RAO C. B. , GLINKA J. , HUI H. , AMICK T. J. , FISCUS D. , KAKODKAR S. , NAIR M. , SHECHTER H.
Published: May 2016

Various diazoazoles are prepared by diazotization of the corresponding aminoazoles and subsequent base‐induced elimination reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Bistability in an Isothermal Photochemical System. The Triphenylimidazolyl Radical Dimer in a CSTR.
Authors: LAVABRE D. , LEVY G. , LAPLANTE J. P. , MICHEAU J. C.
Published: May 2016

A sudden jump in absorbance (photochromism) of the title dimer solution in CHCl3 and the reverse transition are observed at different residence times in a continuous‐stirred tank reactor (CSTR).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Existence of Alkyl Carbanions in the Gas Phase.
Authors: GRAUL S. T. , SQUIRES R. R.
Published: May 2016

According to R‐COO‐ → R‐ + CO2 by means of collision‐induced decarboxylation in an FT‐ICR the absolute stabilities of 12 carbanions R‐ such as CF3‐, Z‐CH2‐ (Z: ‐H, ‐CN, ‐CH=CH2, ‐Ph), CH2=CH‐, Ac‐, Me‐O‐CO‐, and Ph‐ are experimentally evaluated as having gas phase acidities of 368‐420 kcal/mol.
ChemInform Abstract: Exclusion of a 1,4‐Cyclohexenediyl as a Metastable Intermediate in the (3,3) Sigmatropic Rearrangement of a 1‐Hexen‐5‐yne.
Authors: OWENS K. A. , BERSON J. A.
Published: May 2016

From a detailed product examination after 2 and 6 half‐lives it is deduced that the (3,3) sigmatropic rearrangement of (‐)‐(S,E)‐(I) (62.2 ±2% ee) at 200 °C to (Z)‐ and (E)‐(I), (Z)‐ and (E)‐(III), and other materials proceed with near‐perfect preservation of enantiomeric purity, the "allowed" pathway being favored.
ChemInform Abstract: Reversibility of Bromonium Ion Formation and Its Effect on Olefin Reactivity in Electrophilic Bromination. New Evidence from the 5H‐Dibenz(b,f)azepine System.
Authors: BELLUCCI G. , BIANCHINI R. , CHIAPPE C. , MARIONI F. , SPAGNA R.
Published: May 2016

The bromonium‐bromide ion‐pair intermediate (IV) generated by the reaction of (IIIa) with HBr can either collapse to the trans‐dibromide (IIIb) or relaese molecular Br2 to give (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Defluorination of Hexafluoroacetone and Its Anil.
Authors: ZEIFMAN YU. V. , VOL'PIN I. M. , POSTOVOI S. A. , GERMAN L. S.
Published: May 2016

Treatment of hexafluoroacetone (I) with Mg/HgCl2 gives perfluoropinacol (II) as described previously, together with the hydroxy ketones (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of Organocopper Reagents to Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: SAKATA H. , KUWAJIMA I.
Published: May 2016

The cyclohexenecarboxylate (I) reacts with the butylcuprates (II) to produce the 2‐butylcyclohexanecarboxylate (III) whereas treatment of (I) with (V) or (VI) yields the cyclohexyl butyl ketone (IV) as the main product.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel 1,2‐Migration Reactions of Organometals Containing Aluminum, Zinc, and Other Main Group Metals with α‐Haloorganolithiums.
Authors: NEGISHI E. , AKIYOSHI K.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of organoalanes such as (I) or (IV) with the lithio derivative (II) to give the products (III) or (V) is assumed to proceed via a 1,2‐migration pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical Reaction of ((CO)4Co(SiEt3)) with Ethylene and Its Significance in Catalysis of the Hydrosilylation of Alkenes by Carbonylcobalt Complexes.
Authors: SEITZ F. , WRIGHTON M. S.
Published: May 2016

Hitherto it was supposed that the hydrosilylation of alkenes proceeds via the Chalk‐Harrod mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of 2‐Ethylhexanol.
Authors: GUREVICH G. S.
Published: May 2016

Starting with butyraldehyde (I), 2‐ethylhexanol ("isooctyl alcohol") (III) is prepared via the condensation product (II) in a two‐stage process.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of an SE2′′ Reaction of a Chiral Dienylmethylsilane.
Authors: FLEMING I. , KINDON N. D. , SARKAR A. K.
Published: May 2016

The allylic β‐hydroxy ester (III), prepared from (I) and methacrolein (II), is cleaved to give the acid (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: C5 Building Units for Terpene Synthesis: γ‐Acetoxylation of (E)‐2‐Methyl‐2‐butenals.
Authors: FISCHER R. H. , KRAPF H. , PAUST J.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the compounds (V) and (VIIIa), which are important building blocks for the synthesis of terpenes, is achieved starting from the aldehyde (I) or (VII) (known compound) as outlined in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Disulfides and Related Substances. Part 47. Some Novel Types of Aminoalkyl Disulfides.
Authors: SINGH P. K. , FIELD L.
Published: May 2016

The disulfides (V) are prepared (only stable as salts) with regard to the radioprotective group ‐(CH2)2‐NH2, and their stabilities (= resistance to disproportionation) in D2O are measured; the order of decreasing stability is (Vc) ≫ (Vb) ≫ (Va).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Fluoro‐3‐trifluoromethyldiazirine.
Authors: DAILEY W. P.
Published: May 2016

Trifluoroacetamidine (I) is oxidatively brominated to produce the bromo(trifluoromethyl)aziridine (II) which is converted to the fluoride (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Conjugate Addition of Organolithium Reagent to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketone.
Authors: MARUOKA K. , NONOSHITA K. , YAMAMOTO H.
Published: May 2016

The methylcyclohexenone (I) reacts with the organolithium compounds (II) in the presence of a methylaluminum bisphenoxide to produce the 1,4‐adducts (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Asteranes. Part 21. More Experiments Towards the Synthesis of Pentaasterane.
Authors: BADER A. , EBEL K. , MUSSO H. , SKUBALLA N.
Published: May 2016

The diester (Xb) is synthesized starting from pentadiene (I) via two (4 + 2) cycloaddition steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Chloroaryl Cr(CO)3 Complexes.
Authors: SCOTT W. J.
Published: May 2016

Palladium‐catalyzed substitution reaction of the chlorobenzene chromium complexes (I) with the stannanes (II) and subsequent demetalation with iodine give the disubstituted benzenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Route to Azetidine‐2,3‐diones and cis‐3β‐Amido Azetidinones.
Authors: TUFARIELLO J. J. , PINTO D. J. P. , MILOWSKY A. S. , REINHARDT D. V.
Published: May 2016

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of the crotonate E‐(I) with the nitrones (II) yields the isoxazolidines (III) and/or (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐Bridged Bis(thiophenes) from Bis(1,3‐dithiolylium‐4‐olates) and Alkynes.
Authors: GOTTHARDT H. , PFLAUMBAUM W. , GUTOWSKI P.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the novel bis(dithiolyliumolates) (IVa), which contain two masked thiocarbonyl ylide systems, from the compounds (I) and (II) is carried out.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from Carbohydrate Precursors. Part 41. Mode of Formation of 1,3‐Dioxolanes and 1,3‐Dioxanes from 1‐C‐Substituted Glycerols During Their Benzylidenation.
Authors: EL ASHRY E. S. H. , EL KILANY Y. , MOUSAAD A.
Published: May 2016

The benzylidenation of the L‐threo‐glycerol (III) in fused ZnCl2 leads to the product (I) with a β‐terminal ring structure whereas the product (IV) having an α‐threo ring is obtained when the reaction is carried out in DMSO/conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrakis(1,3‐dithiol‐2‐ylidene)cyclopentanone: A New Electron Donor with Remarkably Low Oxidation Potential.
Authors: SUGIMOTO T. , MISAKI Y. , ARAI Y. , YAMAMOTO Y. , YOSHIDA Z. , KAI Y. , KASAI N.
Published: May 2016

Using cyclic voltammetry two redox potentials are found for each compound (II) (vs.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecificity in Radical Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation Reactions Based on Tartaric Acid.
Authors: BARTON D. H. R. , GATEAU‐OLESKER A. , GERO S. D. , LACHER B. , TACHDJIAN C.
Published: May 2016

The decarboxylation of the thiohydroxamic esters (I) and (IV) in the presence of activated alkenes is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1,2‐Benzoquinones with Enamines.
Authors: OMOTE Y. , TOMOTAKE A. , KASHIMA C.
Published: May 2016

The in situ reaction of the benzoquinones (III), generated from the pyrocatechols (II), with the enamine (Ia) yields the morpholinobenzodioxanes (IV) whereas the hydroxybenzodioxanes (V) are obtained from the reaction of (III) either with the enamine (Ib) or (Ic).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis Based on 1,3‐Oxathianes. Part 4. Mechanism of Asymmetric Induction in the Reactions of Oxathianyl Ketones.
Authors: FRYE S. V. , ELIEL E. L.
Published: May 2016

The stereoselectivity of the reaction between oxathianyl ketones (I), which contain two possible sites of chelation, and the reagents L‐Selectride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, and MeMgBr (III) leading to reduction or alkylation is studied in order to illuminate the factors involved in the high levels of asym.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Alkali Metal Cation Complexation by Benzocrown Ethers.
Authors: CZECH B. P. , CZECH A. , KNUDSEN B. E. , BARTSCH R. A.
Published: May 2016

Alkali metal picrate (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) extraction and association constants for (I)‐(III) are tabulated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformations of Eight‐Membered Cyclic S,S‐Acetals with a Naphthalene Fragment.
Authors: KLIMOVITSKII E. N. , SERGEEVA G. N. , IL'YASOV K. A. , LATYPOV SH. K. , KLOCHKOV V. V. , AL'MYANOVA R. KH. , ARBUZOV B. A.
Published: May 2016

Coupling of the dithiols (I) with the carbonyl compounds (II) gives the cyclic S,S‐acetals (III).
ChemInform Abstract: The Paterno‐Buechi Reaction as a Route to Medium‐Ring Ethers and Acetals.
Authors: CARLESS H. A. J. , BEANLAND J. , MWESIGYE‐KIBENDE S.
Published: May 2016

The vinyloxypropyloxyethyl ketones (I) undergo photochemical ring closure to give the bicyclic oxetane acetals (II) which are methanolyzed, forming the macrocyclic diethers (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Exocyclic Alkenes via Cyclialkylation.
Authors: NEGISHI E. , ZHANG Y. , BAGHERI V.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the alkenyl methyl ketones (III) or (VII), the vω‐ene‐2‐ynols (VI) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Aziridinylphosphonium Chlorides with Amines.
Authors: ZAL'TSMAN I. S. , MARCHENKO A. P. , KUDRYAVTSEV A. A. , PINCHUK A. M.
Published: May 2016

The phosphonium chlorides (II), prepared form the phosphorus triamides (I) and the binary system carbon tetrachloride‐ammonia, react with sodium amide to give the phosphorimidic triamides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermolysis of 2‐Phosphabicyclo(2.2.2)octa‐5,7‐dienes: Generation and Trapping of P‐Methyl‐ and P‐Phenylphosphaethene.
Authors: QUIN L. D. , HUGHES A. N. , PETE B.
Published: May 2016

The phosphaethenes (II), generated by retro‐Diels‐Alder cleavage of the phosphabicyclooctadienes (I), are trapped with the dienes (III) or (IX) or the isobenzofuran (XII) to produce the adducts (IV) and (V), (X), or (XIII) which are characterized as the corresponding methoiodides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Formation of 1,2‐Diselenone in the Reaction of 1,2,3‐Selenadiazoles.
Authors: ANDO W. , KUMAMOTO Y. , TOKITOH N.
Published: May 2016

1,2,3‐Selenadiazole (I) is thermolyzed in the presence of 4‐tert‐butyl‐1,2,3‐selenadiazole (III), forming the 1,2‐diselenone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclooctaselenadiazole: Synthesis, Decomposition Pathway, and Reaction with (η5‐C5H5)Co(L)2 (L = C2H4, PPh3). Crystal and Molecular Structure of ((η5‐C5H5)Co)2 (μ2‐η3,η2‐C8H6Se).
Authors: KNEBEL J. , MORLEY C. P. , WILKE G. , KRUEGER C. + , WALLIS J. M.
Published: May 2016

The cyclooctaselenadiazole (V) is obtained from the known semicarbazone (III) by oxidation with selenium dioxide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclofunctionalization of Unsaturated Alcohols with Aryltellurium Trihalides.
Authors: COMASSETO J. V. , FERRAZ H. M. C. , PETRAGNANI N. , BRANDT C. A.
Published: May 2016

The hydroxyalkenes (II), (IV), (VI), and (VIII) undergo ring closure upon reaction with the aryltellurium halides (I), yielding the cyclic ethers (III), (V), (VII) or (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Organolanthanoid and Organoyttrium Hydride Chemistry. Part 10. Reactivity of Trimetallic Organoyttrium Hydride Complexes. Synthesis of the Alkoxy Hydride Anions ( ((C5H5)2Y(μ‐H))x((C5H5)2Y(μ‐OCH3))3‐x(μ3‐H))‐ (x = 0‐2) Including the X‐Ray Crystal Structure of ( ((C5H5)2Y(μ‐OCH3))3(μ3‐H))2(Li(THF)3)2.
Authors: EVANS W. J. , SOLLBERGER M. S. , KHAN S. I. , BAU R.
Published: May 2016

The μ2‐bridging hydrides in the trinuclear Y complex (I) are replaced by methoxo groups on reaction with appropriate amount of methanol giving the mono‐, di‐, or trisubstituted product (IIIa), (IIIb), and (IIIc).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on C‐Heterocyclic Tin Compounds. The Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of Some Thienyl Tetraorganotin(IV) Compounds.
Authors: DAS V. G. K. , LO K. M. , BLUNDEN S. J.
Published: May 2016

The tetraorganotin compounds (III) are prepared from the thiophenes (I) by two methods.
ChemInform Abstract: The Copper Salt of 2‐Iodo‐5‐methyl‐N,N′‐dicyanoquinodiimine ‐ A Radical Anion Salt Exhibiting Metallic Conductivity Down to Low Temperatures.
Authors: ERK P. , HUENIG S. + , VON SCHUETZ J. U. + , WERNER H.‐P. , WOLF H. C.
Published: May 2016

The salt (Ia) was described recently as the first compound of an organic radical whose single‐crystal conductivity increases up to ca. 500 000 S cm‐1 at 0.45 K. Other salts of type (I) with substituents X: Me, Cl, or Br and M: Cu, Ag or alkali metals (with the exception of (Ia)) show a constant conductivity of 700‐1000 S cm‐1 (Cu salts) and 100‐300 S cm‐1 (other metals) between 300 and 100 K. Below this phase transfer these salts convert to semiconductors.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐ and (S)‐5‐Trimethylsilyl‐2‐cyclohexenone: a Versatile Chiral Source for the Synthesis of Optically Active Cyclohexanone Derivatives.
Authors: ASAOKA M. , SHIMA K. , TAKEI H.
Published: May 2016

Optical resolution of racemic 5‐trimethylsilyl‐2‐cyclohexenone (±)‐(I) is achieved by reaction with p‐toluenethiol (II) in the presence of cinchonidine.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis on Carbohydrate Templates: Stereoselective Ugi Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: KUNZ H. , PFRENGLE W.
Published: May 2016

Ugi four‐component condensation of the compounds (I)‐(IV) proceeds with high diastereoselectivity (91‐96%) affording the products (V) which are converted to the corresponding (R)‐amino acids (VIII) by use of an acidic two‐step hydrolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐Carbonyl‐bis(3,5‐dioxo‐4‐methyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoline). Part 1. A New Reagent for the Preparation of Carbamates and Amides, Application to the Synthesis of Dipeptides.
Authors: DENARIE M. , GRENOUILLAT D. , MALFROOT T. , SENET J.‐P. , SENNYEY G. , WOLF P.
Published: May 2016

The 1,2,4‐oxadiazolidinedione (I) reacts with phosgene (II) to produce the carbonylbis(oxadiazolidine) (III) which is consecutively treated with the alcohols (IV) and the amines (VI), forming the carbamates (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2′‐Carbonyl‐bis(3,5‐dioxo‐4‐methyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazolidine). Part 2. Reagent for the Direct Esterification of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: GRENOUILLAT D. , SENET J.‐P. , SENNYEY G.
Published: May 2016

The N‐protected amino acids (I) react with the carbonylbis(oxadiazolidine) (II) to give the mixed anhydrides (III) which are treated with 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (IV) to produce the salts (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ginkgolide B.
Authors: COREY E. J. , KANG M. , DESAI M. C. , GHOSH A. K. , HOUPIS I. N.
Published: May 2016

The title compound (XV) is the most active anti‐PAF (platelet activating factor) agent in ginkgo extracts.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective α‐Alkylation of β‐Hydroxy Sulfoxides and Its Application to the Synthesis of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Disparlure.
Authors: SATO T. , ITOH T. , FUJISAWA T.
Published: May 2016

The 1‐phenylsulfinyl‐2‐alkanols (I) are converted to their dianions which undergo substitution, forming the diastereomeric alcohols (III) or (IV) with predominance of the threo isomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Hot‐Roll‐Milled Electrolyte Structures for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells.
Authors: IACOVANGELO C. D. , PASCO W. D.
Published: May 2016

The applicability of the alternative technique of hot‐roll‐milling for fabricating porous ceramic matrices for use as electrolyte matrix in molten carbonate fuel cells is demonstrated by applying this method to the production of porous LiAlO2 structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Zirconium Concentration on High Temperature Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of Fe‐15Cr‐4Al at 1150 °C.
Authors: PANDEY J. L. , PRAKASH S. , MEHTA M. L.
Published: May 2016

32 oxidation cycles (1 h at 1150 °C in air, 0.5 h air cooling) are performed for samples of the title alloy containing 0, 0.2, 0.55, or 1 wt.% Zr and for one sample containing 1 wt.% Y. The Zr addition is found to enhance the spalling resistance.
Incorporation of pig back fat in restructured dry cured ham to facilitate the release of unsaturated fatty acids and generation of volatile compounds
Authors: Hui Teng , Zhang Yawei , Jamali Muneer Ahmed , Peng Zengqi
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of incorporating pig back fat in restructured dry cured ham (RDH) on its free fatty acid profile (FFA) and the volatile compounds released. Fresh raw hams were skinned, boned, and cut into meat cubes (4–6 × 4–6 × 4–6 cm). The meat cubes were restructured with 0, 2, and 4% pig back fat paste into raw restructured ham. After 30 days of ripening, the FFA and volatiles in the RDH were identified using gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry, respectively. The results showed that exogenous pig back fat incorporation from 2 to 4% gave rise to increased neutral lipase activity (p < 0.05) and to enhanced lipid degradation and unsaturated fatty acid release in the RDH sample. A total of 63 volatile compounds were isolated from RDH. The most abundant volatiles were alcohols, followed by esters and aldehydes. The chromatographic areas of the total volatile amount, short chain esters, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, 2‐nonanone, long chain hydrocarbons, and pyrazines increased with pig back fat incorporation, suggesting that exogenous pig back fat incorporation could improve the sensorial quality of restructured dry cured ham.

Practical application: Hams produced from genotypes with high intramuscular fat have more intense and persistent aroma, because intramuscular triacylglycerols are a good trap for most aroma compounds and also a source of volatile (aromatic) compounds. Nowadays, mixed diet feed systems or other specific feeding strategies could improve the fat content and composition of raw ham, but led to lower nutritional and sensory quality of hams. Perhaps, the major problem for the relatively poor quality of dry cured ham may be the leanness of modern genotypes, and the pigs from these genotypes are not suitable for dry cured ham production. Thus, thinking from another perspective, through incorporating exogenous pig back fat directly into raw ham, the present work have successfully improved the sensorial properties of dry cured hams.

Restructured dry cured hams (RDH) with different pig back fat levels were successfully manufactured. This work shown that large differences in the free unsaturated fatty acid and volatile compounds of RDH can be caused by the exogenous pig back fat incorporation. An increase in pig back fat level from 2 to 4% in RDH significantly enhanced the release of unsaturated fatty acid, and facilitated the generation of volatile compounds including esters, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Life stage sensitivity of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis to ammonia
Authors: Kennedy Alan J. , Lindsay James H. , Biedenbach James M. , Harmon Ashley R.
Published: May 2016

Ammonia is an important contaminant to consider in all toxicity tests. It is especially important to consider the impacts of ammonia in test methods that use sensitive water column organisms exposed to sediments or sediment extracts, such as porewater and elutriate toxicity tests. Embryo–larval development toxicity tests, such as the 48-h method using Mytilus mussel species, are particularly sensitive to ammonia. To better understand the effect thresholds across different life stages of these mussels, 6 short-term (48-h) development toxicity tests and 3 21-d toxicity tests with different-sized juvenile mussels were conducted. Two of the juvenile mussel tests involved 21-d continuous chronic exposure to ammonia, whereas the third involved an acute 2-d ammonia exposure, followed by a 19-d recovery period. The embryo–larval development test method (50% effect concentration [EC50] = 0.14–0.18 mg/L un-ionized ammonia) was 2.5 times more sensitive than the juvenile mussel 21-d survival endpoint (50% lethal concentration = 0.39 mg/L un-ionized ammonia) and 2 times more sensitive than the most sensitive sublethal juvenile mussel endpoint (EC50 = 0.26 mg/L un-ionized ammonia). Further, it was found that the juveniles recovered from a 48-h exposure to un-ionized ammonia of up to 1.1 mg/L. The data generated suggest that the embryo development endpoint was sufficiently sensitive to un-ionized ammonia to protect the chronically exposed (21 d) juvenile mussels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:89–95. Published 2016 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Cost‐Effective In‐House Neutralization Assay for the Confirmation of HBeAg
Authors: Fletcher Gnanadurai John , Anantharam Raghavendran , Radhakrishnan Kalaivani , Karunakaran Amaldev , Abraham Priya
Published: May 2016

Background & Aim

Hepatitis B virus‐e‐antigen (HBeAg) is an affordable viral marker to assess viral replication kinetics and response to antiviral therapy. In the absence of confirmatory assays, discrepant or false‐positive HBeAg results are resolved by screening for other HBV markers. We standardized an in‐house HBeAg neutralization assay (HBeAg‐NT) to confirm HBeAg in clinical samples.

Methods

The performance and reliability of this assay were evaluated by first WHO International Standard for HBeAg (first WHO‐IS HBeAg) from Paul Ehrlich Institute and clinical samples (n = 150) from chronic HBV carriers. Of these, 71 HBeAg‐positive sera were used for HBeAg‐NT.

Results

Concentrations spanning 0.25–10 U of first WHO‐IS HBeAg and clinical samples (S/Co ranges from 1.00 to 10.00) were neutralized completely in the HBeAg‐NT.

Conclusions

HBeAg‐NT is a simple, cost‐effective, and reliable direct approach to confirm HBeAg in clinical samples which precludes the need for screening additional HBV markers in low resource settings.
Balancing Genetics (Science) and Counseling (Art) in Prenatal Chromosomal Microarray Testing
Authors: Werner‐Lin Allison , McCoyd Judith L. M. , Bernhardt Barbara A.
Published: May 2016

Genetic counselors frequently are called upon to assist patients in understanding the implications of prenatal testing information for their pregnancies and their family's lives. The introduction of highly sensitive testing such as chromosomal microarray has generated additional kinds of uncertainty into the prenatal period. Counselors may feel uncomfortable or inadequately prepared to engage in discussions with prospective parents who are faced with making critical, and timely, decisions about a pregnancy based on uncertain information. As highly sensitive prenatal testing becomes routine in prenatal care, counselors may be in search of approaches to prenatal counseling, as well as specific skills to approach, engage with, and help families find resolution in such challenging circumstances. To assist genetic counselors, we describe practice skills and provide language for approaching conversations with prospective parents. When clinicians regularly provide care to patients and families making life‐altering decisions under conditions of significant uncertainty, discomfort is common and compassion fatigue is likely. We make recommendations directly to the genetic counselor working in reproductive and perinatal settings to enhance training and self‐care and to decrease discomfort in balancing the scientific‐ and art‐ demands of genetic counseling.
Cordocentesis
Authors: Agarwal Nutan
Published: May 2016

Cordocentesis is an ultrasound-guided procedure to obtain fetal band from umbilical cord. It is indicated for rapid evaluation of fetal karyotype, fetal hematological disorders, and identification of fetal infection. Results are available in 48–72 h. If patient presents late and the results from amniocentesis would not be available within time for elective termination of pregnancy, it is the preferred procedure. Therapeutic indications include intravascular cord transfusion in Rh isoimmunization, fetal anemia, or drug administration. Procedure is performed from 18 weeks of gestation onward. Umbilical cord at placental attachment is the site of choice for puncture. We use 21–22 gauge spinal needle for this procedure. It needs expertise and is safe if performed by experienced surgeon. Single dose of antibiotic prior to procedure can be given. The rate of pregnancy loss varies and depends on the indication of procedure. Overall procedure related loss is <2 %.
Differences in Pelvic Morphology Between Women with and Without Provoked Vestibulodynia
Authors: McLean Linda , Thibault-Gagnon Stephanie , Brooks Kaylee , Goldfinger Corrie , Pukall Caroline , Chamberlain Susan
Published: May 2016

Objective

Pelvic morphology has been suggested to reflect increased tone and reduced strength of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) in women with provoked vestibulodynia (PVD) compared to healthy controls. We aimed to determine whether there are differences in pelvic morphology in the resting state, on maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), or on maximum effort Valsalva maneuver (MVM) between women with and without PVD.

Methods

While imaged using ultrasound, 38 women with PVD and 39 controls relaxed their PFMs, performed 3 MVCs and performed 3 MVMs. Levator plate length (LPL), levator plate angle (LPA), and anorectal angle (ARA) were determined at rest, at MVC and at MVM. The displacement of the bladder neck (BN) on MVC and on MVM was also determined. Two-way ANCOVAs were used to evaluate the main effects of group and task, the interaction between group and task, and the effect of resting morphology on LPL, LPA, and ARA. A 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA was used to determine whether the groups differed in terms of BN displacement during the tasks.

Results

Women with PVD had smaller LPLs and LPAs than controls across all tasks. The significant group differences in LPL and LPA at MVC and MVM were no longer significant once the resting values were included as covariates in the models. Bladder neck displacement differed between the groups at MVM but not at MVC.

Conclusion

Women with PVD display shorter LPL sand smaller LPAs than controls but their behavior does not differ when MVC and MVMs are performed. Our results do not support the hypothesis that women with PVD demonstrate abnormalities in PFM contractility on MVC or compliance on MVM.
Studying the snow leopard: reconceptualizing conservation across the China–India border
Authors: LEWIS MICHAEL , SONGSTER E. ELENA
Published: May 2016

The snow leopard is a highly charismatic megafauna that elicits admiration, concern and donations from individuals and NGOs in the West. In its home territories, however, it is a threat to local communities' livestock and a potential source of income for its pelt and parts. Conservation and study are further challenged by its range; snow leopards traverse the borders separating China, India and ten other countries with long histories of tension with each other as well as internal political and economic struggles. This transnational animal provides an ideal case study for the consideration of transnational conservation science in the recent past.