bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Advanced Numerical Control Systems to Enhance Precision in Next-Generation Coordinate Measuring Machine
Authors: Adeleke Adeniyi Kehinde , Igunma Thompson Odion , Nwokediegwu Zamathula Sikhakhane
Published: February 2025

The evolution of coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) has significantly improved precision in dimensional metrology, driven by the need for higher accuracy in manufacturing and quality assurance. Advanced numerical control (NC) systems play a pivotal role in optimizing CMM performance by enhancing motion control, reducing measurement uncertainty, and improving data acquisition speed. This research focuses on modeling advanced NC systems to enhance precision in next-generation CMMs by integrating artificial intelligence (AI)-driven control algorithms, real-time error compensation techniques, and adaptive feedback mechanisms. A hybrid modeling approach is proposed, combining physics-based dynamic modeling with AI-based predictive control to achieve sub-micron accuracy. The study explores the integration of real-time kinematic error compensation, leveraging machine learning algorithms to predict and correct deviations caused by thermal expansion, mechanical vibrations, and backlash effects. The model also incorporates sensor fusion techniques to improve the precision of spatial positioning, utilizing high-resolution encoders, laser interferometry, and inertial measurement units. Finite element analysis (FEA) is used to simulate the mechanical behavior of CMM structures under various loading conditions, ensuring optimal rigidity and stability. Additionally, a robust closed-loop control strategy employing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers and fuzzy logic is implemented to enhance motion smoothness and reduce positional drift. The research further investigates the impact of advanced trajectory planning algorithms, such as jerk-limited motion profiles and model predictive control (MPC), in minimizing dynamic errors and improving measurement repeatability. Experimental validation is conducted on a prototype CMM equipped with an advanced NC system, demonstrating significant improvements in precision and repeatability compared to conventional systems. The results show that integrating AI-driven control, real-time error compensation, and adaptive feedback significantly reduces measurement errors and enhances system robustness. This study provides a comprehensive framework for developing next-generation CMMs with enhanced precision, paving the way for more accurate and reliable metrology solutions in aerospace, automotive, and semiconductor industries. Future work will focus on further optimizing AI-based control algorithms and exploring the potential of digital twin technology for real-time CMM performance monitoring and predictive maintenance.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Scoping Review
Authors: Heo JoonNyung
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing stroke care by enhancing diagnosis, treatment, and outcome prediction. This review examines 505 original studies on AI applications in ischemic stroke, categorized into outcome prediction, stroke risk prediction, diagnosis, etiology prediction, and complication and comorbidity prediction. Outcome prediction, the most explored category, includes studies predicting functional outcomes, mortality, and recurrence, often achieving high accuracy and outperforming traditional methods. Stroke risk prediction models effectively integrate clinical and imaging data, improving assessments of both first-time and recurrent stroke risks. Diagnostic tools, such as automated imaging analysis and lesion segmentation, streamline acute stroke workflows, while AI models for large vessel occlusion detection demonstrate clinical utility. Etiology prediction focuses on identifying causes such as atrial fibrillation or cancer-associated thrombi, using imaging and thrombus analysis. Complication and comorbidity prediction models address stroke-associated pneumonia and acute kidney injury, aiding in risk stratification and resource allocation. While significant advancements have been made, challenges such as limited validation, ethical considerations, and the need for better data collection persist. This review highlights the advancements in AI applications for addressing key challenges in stroke care, demonstrating its potential to enhance precision medicine and improve patient outcomes.
Türk-Fransız Hukukunda Yağma Suçu ve İstatistik Bilgilerle Suçun Sosyoekonomik Yönü
Authors: Şahin Subaşı Hamide , Genç Zekai , Başkan Tanıl Mehmet
Published: February 2025

Yağma suçu, hırsızlık suçunun cebir veya tehdit kullanılarak işlenmesiyle oluşan birden fazla suçu bünyesinde barındıran bileşik bir suçtur. Bileşik bir suç olan yağma suçunun cezalandırılması ile birden fazla hukuki yarar korunmaktadır. Yağma suçunun cezalandırılması ile başta mülkiyet hukuku olmak üzere, kişi özgürlüğü, vücut ve cinsel dokunulmazlık korunmaktadır.
Yapılan bu çalışmada, hem 5237 sayılı Türk Ceza Kanunu’nda düzenlenmiş hem de Fransız Ceza Kanunu’nda düzenlenmiş yağma suçu iki ülke hukuk sisteminde mukayese edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Birinci bölümde genel olarak yağma suçu ve kanun koyucu tarafından korunan hukuki yarar ele alınmış, ikinci bölümde yağma suçunun unsurlarına, suçun özel görünüş biçimlerine, suçun nitelikli hallerine yer verilmiş, üçüncü bölümde suçun soruşturma ve kovuşturma yöntemlerine değinilmiştir. Her bölümün sonunda Fransız hukuk sistemindeki duruma da değinilerek Türk hukuk sistemi ile mukayese gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Ayrıca, dördüncü bölümde 2 ayrı Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi tarafından 2021 yılında yağma suçu iddiası ile gelmiş ve karara bağlanmış 100 dosya üzerinden, sanıkların yaşı, sosyoekonomik durumları, sanık ya da mağdurlar tarafından yargılama sırasındaki beyanlarına göre sanıkların bağımlılık durumları ve suçun kime karşı işlendiği bilgileri ile ilk derece mahkemesince verilen kararlar da açıklayıcı istatistik yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır
Mahkeme Dışı Boşanmanın Türk Hukukunda Uygulanması İmkanının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Aktürk Emrah
Published: February 2025

Boşanma kurumu hem kişiler hem de kamu hukuku açısından önemli bir kurum olup son yıllarda yaşanan gelişme ve tartışmaların odağında, yeni yaklaşımlar ve yöntemlerle hukuk düzeni içinde şekillenmeye devam etmektedir. Bu kurum, farklı ulusal hukuk sistemlerinde farklı zamanlarda farklı biçimlerde ortaya çıkmış ve gelişmiştir. Boşanmanın yasaklandığı zamandan, anlaşmalı boşanma aşamasına gelen işbu süreç, bazı ülkelerde şimdi de mahkeme kararı olmadan boşanma gibi kolaylıklar içeren yeni bir düzene kavuşmuştur.
Bu düzenin amaçladığı sonuç; evlilik birliği içinde hayatlarını sürdürmek isteyen bireylerin evlenmek ve aile kurmak özgürlüklerinin yanında, sürdüremeyecekleri evlilikleri sonlandırmaları bakımından özgür olarak hareket edebilmeleri olarak düşünülebilir. Kişilerin yaşam biçimi ve tercihleri değişebilmektedir. Bu bakımdan boşanma kurumunun da bireylerin bu yaşam biçimlerini kolaylaştırması ve zaten sorunlu hale gelmiş hayatlarını daha da zorlaştırmaması gerekmektedir.
Boşanma sürecinde; mahkeme süreçlerinin uzun sürmesi, yargı masraflarının ve avukatlık ücretlerinin yüksek olması bireylere ek külfetler yüklerken, boşanma konusunda tamamen anlaşmış eşlerin mahkemeye başvurmaları, mahkemelerin zaten yoğun olan iş yüklerini daha arttırmaktadır.
Pek çok Avrupa ülkesinde kişiler, mahkemeye gitmeksizin evliliklerini idari makamlar nezdinde sonlandırabilmekte ve hayatlarına daha sorunsuz devam edebilmektedir. Türk hukukunda mahkeme dışı boşanma kabul görmemekle birlikte son zamanlarda anlaşmalı/tek celsede boşanmaya ilişkin kararlarının arttığı görülmektedir. Diğer yandan arabuluculuk gibi alternatif çözüm yollarının son dönemde ülkemizde kullanılmasının yaygınlaşması, boşanma kurumu açısından yargı yoluna başvurmadan, mahkeme dışı boşanma yollarının oluşturulması hususunda ilerleyen zamanlarda düzenleme yapılması gerekliliğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu sebeplerle çalışmamızda da mahkeme dışı boşanmanın Türk hukukunda uygulanması imkânı değerlendirilmiştir.
Türk Borçlar Kanunu m. 51 ve 52’de Hükme Bağlanan Tazminattan İndirim Sebepleri ve Uygulanması
Authors: Şahin Caner Ayşenur
Published: February 2025

Tazminat hukukunda kural, sorumlu kişinin tazminatın tamamından sorumlu tutulması olmakla birlikte, tazminattan indirim sebeplerinin varlığı halinde tazminattan indirim yapılabilir. Türk Borçlar Kanunu m. 51’de hükme bağlanan indirim sebeplerini, zarar verenin kusurunun hafifliği ve durumun gereğinden doğan indirim sebepleri; TBK m. 52’de hükme bağlanan indirim sebeplerini ise zarar görenin zararı doğuran fiile razı olması, zarar görenin müterafik kusuru, tazminat yükümlüsünün tazminatı ödediğinde yoksulluğa düşecek olması şeklinde sıralamak mümkündür.
Hakimin TBK m. 51/I gereğince hafif kusur nedeniyle tazminattan indirim yapmış olması, TBK m. 52/II gereğince tazminattan indirim yapmasına engel değildir. Tazminat miktarı hesaplanırken tazminat sorumluları tarafından yapılan ödemeler düşüldükten sonra, tazminattan indirim sebepleri uygulanmalıdır. Tazminattan indirim oranına ilişkin Yargıtayın yerleşik içtihatlarının aksine hakim indirim oranını somut uyuşmazlığa göre belirlemelidir. Birden çok indirim sebebinin varlığı halinde tazminat hesabı indirimlerin ayrı ayrı uygulanması suretiyle yapılmalıdır.
Üretken Yapay Zekâ Tarafından Üretilen Fikri Ürünlerde Yapay Zekânın Eser Sahipliği ve Telif Hakkı
Authors: Altınmakas Umut
Published: February 2025

Yapay zekâ, adından da anlaşılacağı üzere yalnız insana özgü olduğu düşünülen zekâ olgusunun insan dışı bir sistemde yapay yollarla yeniden yaratılması amacı üzerine oluşturulmuş bir kavramdır. İnsan zekâsının yapay yollarla tekrar meydana getirilmesi isteği doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar sonucunda gelişmişlikleri ve özelliklerine göre çeşitli yapay zekâ türleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Yapay zekânın insanlardan bağımsız bir şekilde hareket edebilmesine olanak sağlayan çeşitli öğrenme şekillerinin de geliştirilmesiyle yapay zekâ sistemlerinin üretkenliği her geçen gün artmaktadır. Yapay zekânın ortaya koyduğu fikri ürünlerin toplum için bir değer yaratması, yapay zekâyı kendisiyle benzeştiren insanoğlunu bazı sorular sormaya itmiş, bu yolla yapay zekâ tarafından ortaya koyulan fikri ürünlerin bir eser niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığı sorusu ortaya çıkmıştır. Buna ek olarak yapay zekâ tarafından üretilen fikri ürünlerin eser niteliği taşıdığı kabul edildiğinde söz konusu eserler üzerinde yapay zekânın eser sahipliğinin söz konusu olup olmayacağı ve buna bağlı olarak telif haklarının yapay zekâya özgülenip özgülenemeyeceği şeklinde çeşitli sorular ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu soruları cevaplayacak bir hukuki bir düzenlemenin henüz getirilmemiş olması söz konusu soruların çeşitli açılardan değerlendirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın ilk bölümünde yapay zekâ kavramı tanımlanmış, yapay zekâya özgü öğrenme şekilleri ele alınmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise eser kavramı incelenerek yapay zekânın ortaya koyduğu fikri ürünlerin eser niteliği taşıyıp taşımadığı değerlendirilmiş, devamında ise yapay zekânın söz konusu ürünler üzerindeki eser sahipliği tartışılarak yapay zekânın fikri ürün üzerindeki potansiyel telif hakkına sahipliği konusuna değinilmiştir.
Krediye Bağlı Hayat Sigortası Sözleşmesinden Kaynaklanan Uyuşmazlıklarda Bankaya Sigortacı Aleyhine Dava Açma Zorunluluğu Yüklenebilir mi?
Authors: Er Sefa
Published: February 2025

Ticari hayatın ve iktisadi ilişkilerin gelişimiyle bağlantılı olarak bankacılık işlemlerinde ve özellikle de kredi kullanımında ciddi oranda artış görülmektedir. Bankalar tarafından kullandırılan kredilerdeki bu artış kredinin geri ödenmemesi riskine ilişkin bazı teminat yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Hayat sigortası sözleşmesinin özel bir türü olan krediye bağlı hayat sigortası sözleşmesi de kredinin geri ödenmemesi riskine karşı geliştirilen teminat yöntemleri arasında yerini almaktadır. Kredi kullanımının artmasıyla bağlantılı olarak krediye bağlı hayat sigortası sözleşmelerinin sayısında ve bu sözleşmelerden kaynaklanan uyuşmazlıklarda önemli oranda artış yaşanmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak sigortalının (kredi alanın) ölümü üzerine sigorta bedeli üzerinde hak sahibi olan bankanın sigortacıdan sigorta bedelini talep etmemesi veya talep etmesine rağmen sigortacının herhangi bir nedenle ödemeyi reddetmesi durumunda, bankanın sigorta bedelinin tahsiline yönelik olarak sigortacı aleyhine dava açmak yerine, kredi alanın (sigortalının) mirasçıları aleyhine takip başlattığı veya dava açtığı görülmektedir. Yargıtay ise bankanın sigorta sözleşmesindeki konumunu dikkate almadan kredi alanın (sigortalının) mirasçılarına başvurabilmesi için öncelikle sigortacı aleyhine dava açarak tüm yolların tüketilmesinin zorunlu olduğunu belirtmektedir. Bu çalışmada Yargıtay kararları ve bankanın krediye bağlı hayat sigortası sözleşmesindeki konumu dikkate alınarak sigortacı aleyhine dava açmaya zorlanıp zorlanamayacağı hususu üzerinde durulmaya çalışılacaktır.
Khảo sát và thiết kế móng cọc trên các tuyến đường xuất hiện hang Caster
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Dũng
Published: February 2025

Karst “hay còn gọi là Caster” là một địa hình phức tạp, trong đó chủ yếu được hình thành bởi sự hòa tan của đá Cacbonat như đá vôi hoặc Dolomit. Khi tuyến đường đi qua khu vực có hang Caster, nếu không đưa ra các phương án khảo sát và thiết kế hợp lý sẽ xảy ra các sự cố lún sụt và gây mất ổn định công trình. Phần lớn các hố sụt xảy ra trên các tuyến đường quốc lộ và cao tốc đều do lượng mưa bất thường gây ra tại khu vực nằm trong địa hình Caster. Do đó phương pháp khảo sát thăm dò địa vật lý lỗ khoan cùng với các nhóm giải pháp thiết kế khoan phụt vữa Xi măng bịt hang Caster và giải pháp móng cọc khoan nhồi xuyên qua hang Caster cần được đề xuất nghiên cứu để giảm thiểu những rủi ro xuất hiện khi tuyến đường đưa vào khai thác và sử dụng.
Understanding the Factors Influencing Mutual Fund Selection: Investor Preferences and Decision-Making Process
Authors:   Bachelor of Business Administration  in  International Business, Deb Smayan
Published: February 2025

For investors, choosing a mutual fund is a crucial choice since it affects the results of their investments. In order to better understand the variables that affect choosing a mutual fund, this study paper will concentrate on investor preferences and the selection process. Financial experts and fund managers may more effectively match their offers with the demands of investors and raise investor satisfaction by being aware of these issues.

A mixed-methods approach will be used in the report, mixing qualitative and quantitative research techniques. To learn more about the preferences and factors that financial advisers, institutional investors, and individual investors consider when choosing mutual funds, this study will include interviews and questionnaires with these groups of participants. In order to spot patterns and trends, historical data on money flows and investor behaviour will also be examined.
THE INFLUENCE OF CONIFEROUS-MINERAL ADDITIVES ON THE MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF FIRST-CALF HEIFERS UNDER CONDITIONS OF YAKUTIA
Authors:   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Grigoreva Aleksandra I. , Babukhadia Ketevan R. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Burmaga Andrey V. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Kurkov Yuri B. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University, Perepelkina Lyubov I. ,   Far Eastern State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the work is to study the complex effect of coniferous-mineral additives on the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of first-calf heifers of the Simmental breed in the conditions of Yakutia. The study was carried out according to generally zootechnics methods: selection and experimentation, physiological experiment, analysis of milk productivity. The inclusion of coniferous-mineral additives it possible to increase the milk productivity of experi-mental animals by 6.35 and 8.31%, respectively (P>0.999). At the end of the scientific experiment, milk yield in the experimental groups was higher by 58.2 and 75.0 kg (or 6.44 and 8.30%). At the same time, in the milk of the exper-imental groups the content of the proportion of milk fat increased by 0.08 and 0.10%, as well as the content of the proportion of milk protein by 0.05 and 0.08% relative to the control group. Changes caused by the inclusion of exper-imental feed additives in the diets of first-calf heifers were reflected in the indicators of nutrient digestibility, where in the second and third experimental groups there was an increase in dry matter digestibility by 2.29% (P>0.95) and 2.94% (P>0 .99), organic matter by 1.36 and 2.83% (P>0.95), crude protein by 2.03 and 2.94% (P>0.95), crude fat by 2.47 and 3 .12% (P>0.95), crude fiber by 0.43 and 3.81% (P>0.95), nitrogen-free extractives by 0.53 and 1.44% (P>0.99), respectively compared to the first control group. Thus, the complex use of local non-traditional feed addi-tives helps to increase the degree of digestibility of nutrients and increases the milk productivity of animals in the con-ditions of Yakutia.
STIMULATING EFFECT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON INITIAL GROWTH PROCESSES OF SPRING WHEAT
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Bakaeva Natalia P.
Published: February 2025

The results of determining the values of germination energy, germination, linear growth, weight of parts, sugar con-tent in spring wheat plants in the phenological phase of the third leaf are presented. Compared with the option without fertilizers, all the preparations used had a positive effect on the germination energy of spring wheat seeds – by 4.2 % mineral fertilizers and potassium humate, by 5.6% albite, the greatest effect was exerted by the use of aminocate – by 8.3 %. The germination of spring wheat seeds in all variants of the experiment was high and reached a maximum value of 100%. The efficiency indices (leff ℓ) and (leff m) of the use of fertilizers, biologically active substances and potassium humate for linear growth of spring wheat plants is a dimensionless value, differences in options relative to the option without fertilizers amounted to more than 7...15% for mineral fertilizers, 13...18% for albite and potassium humate, the highest efficiency was It is determined in the variant from the introduction of aminocate by 20 ... 26%. The differences regarding the variant of the lowest concentration of this fertilizer amounted to 10...12% for albite, 6...9% for potassium humate, the highest efficiency was determined for aminocate – 20...33%, respectively.
A low variation in signs of germination energy, grain germination, linear growth, plant weight and sugar content was found, the coefficients of variation are from 4% to 9%. The average variation of the signs is established for the indica-tors plant height and plant weight, the coefficients are from 11% to 14%. The linear regression of the indices of linear growth efficiency (lff ℓ) and plant mass (lff m) to the variable germination energy (%) increases and is a positive value. The coefficient of determination R2 (the square of the correlation coefficient) is close to one.
THE EFFECT OF ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF POTATO TUBERS IN THE NON-CHERNOZEM ZONE
Authors:   Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, Pityurina Irina S. , Vinogradov Dmitry V. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University; Ryazan State Agrotechnological University named after P.A. Kostychev
Published: February 2025

The article presents data on the study of the effect of organomineral fertilizers on the yield of food potatoes in the conditions of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Ryazan region. The research was carried out on food potatoes of the Vimpel variety in the conditions of the Agrotechnopark Unit of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Ryazan Region, in 2021-2023. According to the research results, it was established that the introduction of an organomineral fertilizer into the soil based on a spent mushroom compound stimulated the plastic and energy metab-olism of plants, growth processes; It contributed to the acceleration of the pace of development during the entire growing season of the studied crop, as a result, created prerequisites for increasing potato yields. The use of com-post in potato growing had an impact on biometric indicators, crop structure and crop productivity. At the same time, fertilization did not affect the germination of potatoes and the rate of onset of phenological phases of development. On average, full potato shoots on all variants of the experiment appeared on the twentieth day after planting and were quite friendly. With the use of mushroom compost, the potato yield varied from 270.8 to 287.1 c/ha. Its maximum in-crease was obtained in the variant with the addition of fresh mushroom compost: +37.3 c/ha. The marketability of potato tubers when applying rotted compost was 84.8%, when applying fresh compost – 89.6%. The optimal ratio of protein and starch is observed in tubers with options with the addition of fresh compost – 1:11 and rotted – 1:12, which indicates high culinary qualities. The use of organomineral fertilizer in potato cultivation had a positive effect on the vitamin C content in the direction of an increase to 3.38%. It was found that when using an organomineral fertiliz-er based on a spent substrate of champignons, an increase in marketability, yield and quality of potatoes of the Vim-pel variety is observed.
MILK PRODUCTIVITY AND REPRODUCTIVE ABILITY OF HOLSTEIN HEIFERS DEPENDING ON LIVE WEIGHT AT THE FIRST INSEMINATION
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Baimishev Khamidulla B. , Baimishev Murat Kh. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Baymishev Rinat Kh. ,   Samara State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to substantiate the age and live weight of Holstein heifers at the first artificial insemi-nation. Experimental studies were conducted on inseminated heifers at the age of 13 months with different live weight, from which 3 groups of animals of 10 heads each were formed, taking into account live weight. The first group of animals with a live weight at the first insemination of 360 kg, the 2nd group – 380 kg, the 3rd group – 400 kg. Using the methods of timing and visual observation, the following indicators were studied in the studied groups of heifers: pregnancy, the course of childbirth and the postpartum period, restoration of reproductive function after calving, milk productivity and milk quality indicators. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the live weight of heifers and age at the first insemination have a significant impact on their reproductive ability, as well as on the reproductive function of the first heifers and, subsequently, on the level of milk productivity and milk quality indicators. The optimal live weight during the first insemination of Holstein heifers is a live weight of 380 kg, which provides an increase in fertilization by 10%, reduces the age of the first calving, the period of fruitful insemination by 3-7 days, increases the level of milk productivity by 2.3% and does not reduce the quality of milk.
MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF CROSSBRED YOUNG ANIMALS, OBTAINED FROM BULLS OF THE BELGIAN BLUE AND HEREFORD BREEDS
Authors:   Samara State Agrarian University, Khakimov Ismagil N. , Vlasova Natalya I. ,   Samara State Agrarian University, Mudarisov Rinat M. ,   Bashkir State Agrarian University
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to increase the meat productivity of young cattle and the efficiency of beef production by using the high potential of meat qualities of specialized meat breeds when crossed with cows of the combined direction of productivity. In our studies, we analyze the results of crossing Simmental cows with Hereford and Belgian Blue bulls in a comparative aspect with purebred young Simmental breeds. Data on meat qualities after control slaughter of young animals of different origins and the yield of individual cuts of bull carcasses at the age of 18 months are given. Interbreed crossing had a positive effect on the development of meat qualities of crossbred young animals. The carcass weight of the Belgian Blue cross breed was 15.3%, more than the carcass weight of the Sim-mental bulls and 8.0% more than that of the Hereford bull crossbreed. The superiority of crossbred bulls from Here-ford bulls over purebred peers in this indicator was 6.8%. The highest carcass yield was found in half-breeds of the Belgian blue breed - 60.3%, which is 2.8% more than in group 5. Half-blooded animals with Hereford blood had a carcass yield of 1.7% more than purebred Simmentals. The carcasses of bulls of all studied groups were distin-guished by good development of muscle and adipose tissue. Crossbred descendants of the Belgian Blue and Here-ford bulls had the highest weight and higher yield of the most valuable cuts of the carcass: dorsal-thoracic and hip, in comparison with bulls of the Simmental breed. Purebred bulls of the Simmental breed had more output of the scapulohumeral and lumbar parts.
BLACK-MOTTLED BREED: YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW
Authors:   All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Breeding, Grashin Aleksei A.
Published: February 2025

The purpose of the research is to study and systematize the changes in the breeding of the black-and-white breed in the Russian Federation before the beginning of the breed inventory of livestock and at the present time. According to the 2022 certification, black-and-white cows are bred in 191 breeding farms in 41 regions of the Russian Federation. The relative number of black-and-white breeds in 2022 was 25.25% of the total number of dairy and dairy cattle, which is 25.76% less than in 2018 (51.01%). In 2022, the number of black-and-white cows in breeding plants de-creased by 77.4% compared to the level of 2018, and in breeding reproducers by 58.8%. More than 97% of cows, both in PP and in PR, are attributed to Holstein lines, most of which belong to the Vis Back Industrial 1013415 line (42.342% in PP and 44.239% in PR) and Reflection Sovering 198998 (44.779% in PP and 42.017% in PR). Milk yield for the highest lactation on average in the lines of the Holstein breed is 7994 kg of milk. Among the lines of the black-and-white breed, the average milk yield of cows at the highest lactation was 7306 kg, which is 688 kg less than the descendants of the Holstein lines. The descendants of Holstein lines have a calving age of 2.41, and the average highest lactation is 1.80, and for black-and-white lines it is 3.05 calving and 2.23 lactation, respectively. The analysis showed that out of 156 breeding bulls from 19 breeding enterprises with sperm production from age-related bulls
(10 years and older) - 119 heads (76.3%). However, only 40 of them were evaluated for the quality of offspring, of which 5 bulls aged 10-15 years have an average breeding value of +139 kg of milk, and the daughters of older pro-ducers average +321 kg of milk.
Determinación de la concentración de material particulado sedimentable en el barrio Juan Montalvo en el Cantón Riobamba
Authors: Santillán Lima Guido Patricio , Paredes Herrera Marco Marcel , Rodríguez Llerena Marco Vinicio , Maldonado Chavez Carlos Andrés , Orozco Pilco Jonathan Javier , Rivadeneira Vásconez Juan Manuel
Published: February 2025

Determinar y caracterizar el material particulado sedimentable, generado por incidencia antrópica en el barrio Juan Montalvo, del cantón Riobamba, Chimborazo, Ecuador. Se situaron 32 puntos de monitoreo, los cuales fueron empleados de forma aleatoria en diferentes zonas del área con antelación, recolectaron material particulado sedimentable mediante el método pasivo gravimétrico el cual corresponde al material particulado las cuales se recolectan mediante la gravedad que son almacenadas en cajas Petri con un papel filtro que se encuentra en su interior durante el lapso de tiempo perteneciente a un mes. Las muestras obtenidas fueron analizadas con respecto a sus características morfológicas y posteriormente a su cuantificación, para con ello poder compararlas con los límites máximos permisibles que poseen la normativa internacional y el Acuerdo 097-A. Los resultados comparativos con las normas ya mencionadas mostraron que 7 de las estaciones no cumplen con la normativa establecida en el Acuerdo 097-A reformada el 2018 que es de 1mg/cm2/mes, la mitad de las estaciones no cumplen con la normativa de la OMS, está por encima del límite máximo permisible que es de (0,5mg/cm2/mes). Siendo el MPS un factor que afecta la calidad del aire y a la salud de los habitantes del barrio.
The Relationship between Shanxi Merchants and Spatial Structure in Yuncheng Ancient City, China
Authors: Xu Kaixin , Ito Hiromu
Published: February 2025

Against the backdrop of growing international emphasis on the sustainable development of cultural heritage, case studies of historic cities offer valuable insights for the preservation and utilization of cities with diverse cultural and natural contexts. This study focuses on Yuncheng Ancient City in Shanxi Province, utilizing historical literature review and field investigation data to examine its spatial structure across different periods. The analysis includes an exploration of the city’s locational factors, changes in its buildings, roads, and their interrelationships before and after the emergence of the Shanxi merchants, as well as the underlying causes of these changes. The findings reveal that Yuncheng was constructed primarily for the administration of salt production, with its spatial structure evolving to support this purpose. Although government policies facilitated the entry of the Shanxi merchants into Yuncheng, their influence on the city’s development was minimal. Instead, the establishment of public facilities significantly enhanced the welfare of local residents. These findings clarified that in Yuncheng, the Shanxi merchants represented a temporary socio-economic phenomenon aligned with governmental policies, while the city itself was fundamentally shaped by government-led salt production and administration.
CAPACITĂȚILE PRODUCTIVE A HIBRIZILOR FORMAȚI PRIN UTILIZAREA DIFERITOR TIPURI GENETICE DE SUINE
Authors: CERNEV Ivan , ROTARU Ilie
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the experimental results regarding the influence of the genetic types of boars on the productive qualities and the specific feed consumption of hybrids, as well as its modification in the growth and fattening process with the increase in the age of the pigs. The object of the study was different genetic boar types: purebred Pietrain and Duroc, as well as Duroc x Pietrain hybrids, imported from France and (Great White x Landrace x Pietrain) x Pietrain, imported from Romania, on the basis of which hybridization schemes were developed where the maternal form was Landrace x Great White in all variants. In all age periods, a higher specific feed consumption (3.1 kg feed/kg weight gain) was reported in the young pigs from the lot where the Duroc breed, known for its relatively higher fat accumulation in the adipose layer, was used for hybrid production. In the other hybrid types specific feed consumption ranged between 2.79 and 2.92kg. The genetic type of the boars was found to play a determining role on carcass and meat quality. According to production testing, backfat thickness in hybrids varied between 20.2 and 22.5 mm at a weight of 110-120 kg. The differences between tetraracial and triracial hybrids were 1.3 mm. Experimental data confirm the viability of using hybrid boars according to consumer requirements and the specifications of the final product delivered for processing.
Lucrarea prezintă rezultatele experimentale privind influența tipurilor genetice de vieri asupra calităților productive și consumului specific de furaje la hibrizi, precum și modificările acestuia pe parcursul procesului de creștere și îngrășare, odată cu avansarea în vârstă a suinelor. Studiul a avut ca obiect diferite tipuri genetice de vieri: rase pure Pietrain și Duroc, precum și hibrizi Duroc x Pietrain importați din Franța și (Marele Alb x Landrace x Pietrain) x Pietrain importați din România. Pe baza acestora au fost elaborate scheme de hibridare, în care forma maternă a fost Landrace x Marele Alb în toate variantele. În toate perioadele de vârstă, un consum specific de furaje mai ridicat (3,1 kg furaj/kg spor) a fost semnalat la tineretul suin din lotul, în care pentru producerea hibrizilor a fost utilizată rasa Duroc, cunoscută pentru acumulările relativ mai mari de grăsime în stratul adipos. În celelalte tipuri de hibrizi consumul specific de furaje s-a situat între 2,79 și 2,92 kg. S-a constatat că tipul genetic al vierilor are un rol determinant în formarea calității carcaselor și a producției de carne. Conform testărilor de producție, grosimea stratului de slănină la spinare la hibrizi a variat între 20,2 și 22,5 mm la o greutate de 110-120 kg. Diferențele între hibrizii tetrarasiali și trirasiali au fost de 1,3 mm. Datele experimentale confirmă viabilitatea utilizării vierilor hibrizi în funcție de cerințele consumatorilor și specificațiile produsului final destinat procesării.
De h-grond voor managers en directeuren: for better or for worse?
Authors: Muradin Chiraz
Published: February 2025

De h-grond voor managers en directeuren

Ontslag van managers en directeuren wordt veelal gebaseerd op de h-grond, het in de wetsgeschiedenis genoemde ‘verschil van inzicht’ en andere relatief vage omstandigheden als een ‘vertrouwensbreuk’; ‘tegenvallende resultaten’ of ‘gebrek aan draagvlak’. Dat heeft inmiddels tot de nodige jurisprudentie geleid.

De vraag rijst of de h-grond en het genoemde ‘verschil van inzicht’ geschikt zijn voor een dergelijk ontslag. Ik beantwoord die vraag op basis van uitgebreid onderzoek van de wetsgeschiedenis, literatuur en jurisprudentie alsmede mijn ervaringen in de praktijk genuanceerd positief en meen dat de h-grond voor deze doelgroep eerder tot een voldragen en geaccepteerde ontslaggrond kan leiden.
QALY-tijd in de vaststelling van smartengeld bij letsel?
Authors: Visscher L.T.
Published: February 2025

QALY-tijd in de vaststelling van smartengeld bij letsel?

Er bestaat in Nederland onvrede over de toegekende bedragen aan smartengeld bij letsel, zowel wat betreft de omvang als wat betreft de onderlinge verhouding van de bedragen bij licht en (zeer) ernstig letsel. Op basis van inzichten uit de gezondheidseconomie, in het bijzonder het concept van de Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY), onderzoekt de auteur of er inderdaad sprake is van scheefgroei en te lage bedragen. De conclusie is dat er geen sprake is van systematische ernstige scheefgroei, maar dat de bedragen over de hele linie wel beduidend lager zijn dan vanuit gezondheidseconomische optiek zou mogen worden verwacht.
De rechtsmacht van de rechter en het toepasselijke recht op de EU-behandelingsovereenkomst
Authors: Wijne R.P.
Published: February 2025

De rechtsmacht van de rechter en het toepasselijke recht op de EU-behandelingsovereenkomst

Patiënten die in een Belgische kliniek een (cosmetische) geneeskundige behandeling ondergaan, zijn niet langer een uitzondering. Net als in Nederland kunnen in België fouten worden gemaakt, kan de patiënt schade lijden en kunnen zich geschillen voordoen. Gewoontegetrouw zal de Nederlandse patiënt zich in zo’n geval tot de Nederlandse rechter wenden. Maar is dit wel de juiste weg en is het Nederlandse recht eigenlijk wel van toepassing? In de onderhavige bijdrage wordt op deze vragen antwoord gegeven aan de hand van een analyse van de Rome I-Verordening en de EEX-Verordening. Na een tussenconclusie wordt voorts bezien of de typering van de behandelingsovereenkomst als een consumentenovereenkomst of afspraken tussen arts en patiënt kunnen leiden tot de toepassing van ander recht.
Over erfgenamen, nabestaanden, naasten en derden als direct gekwetsten
Authors: Rijnhout R.
Published: February 2025

Over erfgenamen, nabestaanden, naasten en derden als direct gekwetsten; Rb. Zeeland-West-Brabant 30 januari 2013, ECLI:NL:RBZWB:2013:2618

In overlijdensschadezaken wordt veelal geprocedeerd over schadevergoeding op grond van artikel 6:108 BW. Dit artikel biedt een grondslag voor nabestaanden om een vergoeding voor de kosten veroorzaakt door het verlies van levensonderhoud en de kosten van lijkbezorging te vorderen. In deze zaak hebben de eisers geen vordering ingediend als ‘nabestaanden’, maar als ‘directe schadelijders’ jegens wie ‘direct’ of ‘autonoom’ een (‘tweede’) onrechtmatige daad zou zijn gepleegd. Er wordt dus een bijzonder pad gekozen voor schadeverhaal. In deze noot wordt aandacht besteed aan het vorderingsrecht van respectievelijk de erfgenaam en de zus van de overledene.
Quo vadis, Domine?
Authors: Janssen Renske
Published: February 2025

Quo vadis, Domine? Monotheism and the imperial cult in the Roman Empire

In this article, the Roman perspective on the relations between the Roman imperial cult and monotheistic movements in the same period will be investigated. In modern scholarship, this Roman point of view has been underrepresented. This article will aim to create a better understanding of the religious conflicts that arose between ca. 44 B.C.E. and 313 C.E and serve as an example for attempting to understand the ‘alien’ side in religious conflict. This article will conclude that Roman religion has to be seen in the context of imperial politics to explain not only the conflicts between the Roman state, Jews and Christians, but also the rise of the imperial cult.
Professionele weerbaarheid en de politie
Authors: ten Wolde Geeske , Zwirs Barbara , Kruse Nelleke
Published: February 2025

Professional resilience and the police. Towards a personal approach

The aim of the article is to analyse the correlations between social cognitive factors and behaviour that increases resilience by police officers and to assess in which way intention mediates the possible correlations. The study was based on Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour. A cross-sectional survey study was conducted in which 1.799 police officers in the Netherlands completed a questionnaire. Data was also collected by organising qualitative expert meetings with police officers. The data has been analysed using linear regression. The results show that intention had the highest correlation with behaviour that increases resilience and mediates the correlations of the social cognitive factors partially. Perceived behavioural control and attitude also had a direct correlation with behaviour that increases resilience. Subjective norm had a weak correlation with behaviour. This is the first study which tested TPB for behaviour that increases resilience by police officers. Because the design of this study was cross-sectional, more research is needed to better understand the causal relations between social cognitive factors and intention with behaviour that increases resilience by police officers.
Downloaders van kinderporno
Authors: van Wijk Anton
Published: February 2025

Downloaders of child pornography: a review of the literature

Unlike the physical abusers of children, little is known about downloaders of child pornography. The key questions in this article are: who are the downloaders, what are their backgrounds, why and how they download child pornography, how they behave offline and online and what types of downloaders can be distinguished? A simple answer to these questions is currently impossible to give. There is more, preferably longitudinal, research needed on risk factors for downloading child pornography and the various types of downloaders. Combating the downloaders requires a lot of the police in terms of international cooperation and up to date knowledge and expertise. This also served the treatment practices, which is partly dependent on a properly conducted police investigation.
Meer over de kosten en baten van het openbare brandmeldsysteem
Authors: van Boven Frank
Published: February 2025

Discussion

In this article the author debates the subject fire alarm system.
Idealen op drift
Authors: Okur Pinar
Published: February 2025

Book review

In this contribution the author reviews: Idealen op drift. Een pedagogische kijk op radicaliserende jongeren, by M. van San, S. Sieckelink & M. de Winter.
Zijn Nederlandse burgers écht enthousiast over de nieuwe antiterrorismemaatregelen?
Authors: van Wilsem Johan , van der Woude Maartje
Published: February 2025

Are the Dutch really supportive of the post 9/11 counterterrorism legislation? A comparison of attitudes and willingness to pay

Since 2001, the Netherlands have broadened their array of antiterrorism legislation and policies. However, there is hardly any insight into the level of public support for them. This article assesses the Dutch public opinion on four measures that were recently made effective: enhanced possibilities for stop-and-search, broadening of possibilities for special investigative resources, increased obligations for identification, and body scans in airports. Two randomly selected, comparable groups were asked different questions about these issues: attitudes or willingness to pay. The results show that respondents have positive attitudes towards newly introduced antiterrorism measures, yet simultaneously, they have low willingness to pay. Both groups were also asked how they would allocate an imaginary fixed budget to various criminal justice policies and tax rebate. These results show similar relations for both attitudes and willingness to pay, suggesting they both measure the relative importance assigned to antiterrorism policies. A right political orientation predicts both positive attitudes and high willingness to pay. Furthermore, people with high income have higher willingness to pay. The results underline the necessity to pay attention to the subtleties underlying public opinion on crime control.
Legitimiteit via procedurele rechtvaardigheid: kunnen herstelrechtelijke praktijken de maatschappelijke legitimiteit van het strafrecht verhogen?
Authors: De Mesmaecker Vicky
Published: February 2025

Legitimacy through procedural fairness: can restorative justice practices improve the legitimacy of the criminal justice system?

Contemporary scholarly literature is full of references to the crisis of the criminal justice system. The general public seems to increasingly lose confidence in the criminal justice system and its actors. In this article we look into the potential manners in which restorative justice practices can enhance the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. Our analysis is based on the observation that by actively engaging victims and defendants in the resolution of their conflict, restorative practices seem to accommodate a necessary condition of procedural fairness. Since research on procedural justice and legitimacy in turn suggests that the legitimacy of the criminal justice system is based largely upon its perceived procedural fairness, we investigate whether participation in restorative practices improves perceptions of the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. To that end we describe the results of a qualitative study on the experiences of victims and defendants who participated in victim-offender mediation in Belgium. Relating their experiences to the antecedents of procedural justice as described in the literature, we find that restorative practices in different ways enhance perceptions of procedural fairness. Yet these perceptions do not necessarily reflect on the criminal justice system. Our analysis suggests that the degree to which the perceptions of procedural fairness resulting from participation in a restorative practice influence an individual’s perceptions of the legitimacy of the criminal justice system depends on whether the restorative practice is seen as an integral part of the criminal proceedings. We found, for example, that this is more likely to be the case if the judge at trial formally acknowledges the parties’ participation in mediation. We conclude that more research on the degree to which people perceive the restorative practice to be a part of the criminal proceedings is needed in order to further flesh out this issue.
Pengaruh Penerapan Manajemen Risiko terhadap Tingkat Profitabilitas di Perbankan
Authors: Satria Berbudi
Published: February 2025

This research examines the effect of risk management (NPL, LDR, BOPO, CAR, NIM) on profitability in banks (ROA & ROE) listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2013-2017 period. This research uses a descriptive-verification method, with samples taken in this research of 20 banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The analysis used in this research uses multiple regression analysis of panel data. Classical assumption tests used in this research include normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation tests. The partial research results show that credit risk has an effect on profitability (ROA & ROE). Liquidity risk has no effect on profitability (ROA & ROE). Operational risk affects profitability (ROA & ROE). Risk capital has no effect on ROA profitability and has an effect on ROE profitability. Market risk affects profitability (ROA & ROE). Simultaneously credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, capital risk and market risk influence banking profitability (ROA) with an Adjusted R2 value of 92.77%, the remaining 7.23% is caused by other variables outside the variables mentioned. involved in this research. Meanwhile, ROE, simultaneously credit risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, capital risk and market risk influence banking profitability (ROE) with an Adjusted R2 value of 91.23%, the remaining 8.77%.
Penerapan Akuntansi Lingkungan Sebagai Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Perusahaan Terhadap Lingkungan
Authors: Dyah Ayu Kumala Sari  , Ersi Sisdianto
Published: February 2025

Today business sustainability does not only depend on financial profits; it also depends on how the company helps society and the environment. The Quadrangle Bottom Line (QBL) paradigm, which considers economic, social, environmental and spiritual aspects, encourages companies to incorporate environmental accounting into their business strategies. This paradigm encourages companies to integrate environmental accounting into their business strategies. Environmental accounting increases transparency and accountability for stakeholders and helps companies measure, manage and report environmental impacts. Environmental accounting has been proven to increase business accountability and operational efficiency, such as the use of environmentally friendly technology and waste management. However, limited human resources and lack of standards are obstacles to its implementation. Therefore, stricter regulations are needed to encourage environmental accounting. This should include comprehensive reporting rules and bonuses for businesses. To balance business growth with environmental preservation, environmental accounting is a strategic step.
Strategi Penganggaran Berbasis Data : Meningkatkan Akurasi dan Efisiensi Keuangan Perusahaan
Authors: Muammar Khaddafi  , Najwa Balqis Aulia  , Afni Dinda Anggreani  , Naya Shafira  , Fita Hermaya
Published: February 2025

Effective and efficient financial management is a crucial aspect in achieving organizational goals. The processes ofplanning, recording, and accountability in budget management can be enhanced through the implementation of a sound accounting system. This article discusses the importance of efficiency in budget management, including waste reduction and proper resource allocation, and how these factors can maximize desired outcomes. Additionally, the role of media as a disseminator of accurate economic information significantly influences public understanding, economic literacy, and economic stability. By enhancing transparency and accountability in financial management, society can make better decisionsandcontribute to sustainable economic growth.