bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding one's place: emotions and positioning in systemic‐dialogical therapy
Authors: Lini Claudia , Bertrando Paolo
Published: May 2019

Several psychotherapy and family therapy models emphasise work on emotions, both as emotional awareness and transference analysis. Systemic therapy has developed in time a peculiar emphasis on the therapist's position, and on therapists’ and clients’ reciprocal positioning. In the present article we propose to integrate the dimensions of emotions and positioning through a concept we define as ‘finding one's place’. Finding one's place can be considered as a universal positioning activity of anybody involved in any human interaction, involving different domains: macro‐context, group, mutual relationships, internal dialogue. It entails an integration of these domains through an increased awareness of one's position inside relevant systems, and emotional interaction.

Practitioner points

Clinicians usually consider positioning and emotions as separate domains for evaluation and intervention

The integration of the two domains allows a deeper, three‐dimensional view of therapeutic events inside and outside therapeutic sessions

Through the activity of finding her place, the therapist may reach a better understanding of dilemmas and problems in her clients’ relational lives

The therapist may also gain a better orientation for her clinical work
Structured Decision Making to Meet a National Water Quality Mandate
Authors: Martin David M. , Piscopo Amy N. , Chintala Marnita M. , Gleason Timothy R. , Berry Walter
Published: May 2019

Water quality criteria are necessary to ensure protection of ecological and human health conditions, but compliance can require complex decisions. We use structured decision making to consider multiple stakeholder objectives in a water quality management process, with a case study in the Three Bays watershed on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. We set a goal to meet or exceed a nitrogen load reduction target for the watershed and four key objectives: minimizing economic costs of implementing management actions, minimizing the complexity of permitting management actions, maximizing stakeholder acceptability of the management actions, and maximizing the provision of ecosystem services (recreational opportunity, erosion and flood control, socio‐cultural amenity). We used multi‐objective optimization and sensitivity analysis to generate many possible solutions that implement different combinations of nitrogen‐removing management actions and reflect tradeoffs between the objectives. Results show technological advances in controlling household nitrogen sources could provide lower cost solutions and positive impacts to ecosystem services. Although this approach is demonstrated with Cape Cod data, the decision‐making process is not specific to any watershed and could be easily applied elsewhere.
Population growth estimates of a threatened seabird indicate necessity for additional management following invasive predator eradications
Authors: Fischer J. H. , Taylor G. A. , Cole R. , Debski I. , Armstrong D. P. , Wittmer H. U.
Published: May 2019

The eradication of invasive predators from islands is a successful technique to safeguard seabird populations, but adequate post‐eradication monitoring of native species is often lacking. The Whenua Hou Diving Petrel (Pelecanoides whenuahouensis; WHDP) is a recently‐described and ‘Critically Endangered’ seabird, restricted to Codfish Island (Whenua Hou), New Zealand. Invasive predators, considered the major threat to WHDP, were eradicated on Codfish Island in 2000. However, estimates of WHDP population size and trends remain unknown, hindering assessments of the success of the eradications. We collated intermittent burrow counts (n = 20 seasons) conducted between 1978 and 2018. To estimate the population growth rate (λ) before and after predator eradications, we used log‐linear models in a Bayesian hierarchical framework while retrospectively accounting for differences in detection probabilities among burrow counts, due to differences in effort, marking and timing. The number of WHDP burrows was estimated at 40 (36–46) in 1978 and 100 (97–104) in 2018. The pre‐eradication λ was estimated at 1.023 (0.959–1.088), while the post‐eradications λ was estimated at 1.017 (1.006–1.029). The WHDP population appears to be increasing, yet the rate of increase is low compared to other Procellariiformes following predator eradications. The comparatively low post‐eradication λ, combined with an apparent lack of change between pre‐ and post‐eradication λ, indicates that additional threats might be limiting WHDP population growth and that further conservation management is required. The continuation of affordable and simple, albeit imperfect, monitoring methods with retrospective corrections facilitated the assessment of invasive predator eradications outcomes and should guide future management decisions. An abstract in Te Reo Māori (the Māori language) can be found in Appendix S1.
Nationwide improvement in outcomes of emergency admission for ulcerative colitis in England, 2005‐2013
Authors: Shawihdi Mustafa , Dodd Susanna , Kallis Constantinos , Dixon Pete , Grainger Ruth , Bloom Stuart , Cummings Fraser , Pearson Mike , Bodger Keith
Published: May 2019

Background

The UK IBD Audit Programme reported improved inpatient care processes for ulcerative colitis (UC) between 2005 and 2013. There are no independent data describing national or institutional trends in patient outcomes over this period.

Aim

To assess the association between the outcome of emergency admission for UC and year of treatment.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of hospital administrative data, focused on all emergency admissions to English public hospitals with a discharge diagnosis of UC. We extracted case mix factors (age, sex, co‐morbidity, emergency bed days in last year, deprivation status), outcomes of index admission (death and first surgery), 30‐day emergency readmissions (all‐cause, and selected causes) and outcome of readmission.

Results

There were 765 deaths and 3837 unplanned first operations in 44 882 emergency admissions, with 5311 emergency readmissions (with a further 171 deaths and 517 first operations). Case mix adjusted odds of death for any given year were 9% lower (OR 0.91, 95% CI: 0.89‐0.94), and that for emergency surgery 3% lower (OR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.95‐0.98) than the preceding year. Results were robust to sensitivity analysis (admissions lasting ≥4 days). There was no reduction in odds for all‐cause readmission, but rates for venous thromboembolism declined significantly. Analysis of institutional‐level metrics across 136 providers showed a stepwise reduction in outliers for mortality and unplanned surgery.

Conclusions

Risk of death and unplanned surgery for UC patients admitted as emergencies declined consistently, as did unexplained variation between hospitals. Risk of readmission was unchanged (over 1 in 10). Multiple factors are likely to explain these nationwide trends.
Myosin: Formation and maintenance of thick filaments
Authors: Ojima Koichi
Published: May 2019

Skeletal muscle consists of bundles of myofibers containing millions of myofibrils, each of which is formed of longitudinally aligned sarcomere structures. Sarcomeres are the minimum contractile unit, which mainly consists of four components: Z‐bands, thin filaments, thick filaments, and connectin/titin. The size and shape of the sarcomere component is strictly controlled. Surprisingly, skeletal muscle cells not only synthesize a series of myofibrillar proteins but also regulate the assembly of those proteins into the sarcomere structures. However, authentic sarcomere structures cannot be reconstituted by combining purified myofibrillar proteins in vitro, therefore there must be an elaborate mechanism ensuring the correct formation of myofibril structure in skeletal muscle cells. This review discusses the role of myosin, a main component of the thick filament, in thick filament formation and the dynamics of myosin in skeletal muscle cells. Changes in the number of myofibrils in myofibers can cause muscle hypertrophy or atrophy. Therefore, it is important to understand the fundamental mechanisms by which myofibers control myofibril formation at the molecular level to develop approaches that effectively enhance muscle growth in animals.
T memory stem cells after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation: unique long‐term kinetics and influence of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Jimbo Koji , Konuma Takaaki , Watanabe Eri , Kohara Chisato , Mizukami Motoko , Nagai Etsuko , Oiwa‐Monna Maki , Mizusawa Mai , Isobe Masamichi , Kato Seiko , Takahashi Satoshi , Tojo Arinobu
Published: May 2019

T memory stem cells (TSCMs) are a subset of primitive T cells capable of both self‐renewal and differentiation into all subsets of memory and effector T cells. Therefore, TSCMs may play a role in immune reconstitution and graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in patients receiving allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). We conducted a cross‐sectional study to evaluate the proportions, absolute counts, phenotypes and functions of TSCMs in 152 adult patients without disease recurrence at least 12 months after undergoing HCT. CD4+ TSCMs were negatively correlated with number of months after transplantation in HCT patients that received cord blood transplantation, but not in patients that received bone marrow transplantation or peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The proportions and absolute counts of CD4+ TSCMs and expression levels of inducible co‐stimulator (ICOS) in CD8+ TSCMs were significantly higher in patients with mild and moderate/severe cGVHD compared to patients without cGVHD. These data suggested that, more than 12 months after allogeneic HCT, the kinetics of CD4+ TSCMs were dependent on the type of donor source, and further that CD4+ TSCMs and ICOS levels in CD8+ TSCMs were associated with cGVHD.
Social Trait Information in Deep Convolutional Neural Networks Trained for Face Identification
Authors: Parde Connor J. , Hu Ying , Castillo Carlos , Sankaranarayanan Swami , O'Toole Alice J.
Published: May 2019

Faces provide information about a person's identity, as well as their sex, age, and ethnicity. People also infer social and personality traits from the face — judgments that can have important societal and personal consequences. In recent years, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have proven adept at representing the identity of a face from images that vary widely in viewpoint, illumination, expression, and appearance. These algorithms are modeled on the primate visual cortex and consist of multiple processing layers of simulated neurons. Here, we examined whether a DCNN trained for face identification also retains a representation of the information in faces that supports social‐trait inferences. Participants rated male and female faces on a diverse set of 18 personality traits. Linear classifiers were trained with cross validation to predict human‐assigned trait ratings from the 512 dimensional representations of faces that emerged at the top‐layer of a DCNN trained for face identification. The network was trained with 494,414 images of 10,575 identities and consisted of seven layers and 19.8 million parameters. The top‐level DCNN features produced by the network predicted the human‐assigned social trait profiles with good accuracy. Human‐assigned ratings for the individual traits were also predicted accurately. We conclude that the face representations that emerge from DCNNs retain facial information that goes beyond the strict limits of their training.
A fault‐tolerant dynamic scheduling method on hierarchical mobile edge cloud computing
Authors: Meng Shunmei , Li Qianmu , Wu Taoran , Huang Weijia , Zhang Jing , Li Weimin
Published: May 2019

Mobile edge cloud computing has been a promising computing paradigm, where mobile users could offload their application workloads to low‐latency local edge cloud resources. However, compared with remote public cloud resources, conventional local edge cloud resources are limited in computation capacity, especially when serve large number of mobile applications. To deal with this problem, we present a hierarchical edge cloud architecture to integrate the local edge clouds and public clouds so as to improve the performance and scalability of scheduling problem for mobile applications. Besides, to achieve a trade‐off between the cost and system delay, a fault‐tolerant dynamic resource scheduling method is proposed to address the scheduling problem in mobile edge cloud computing. The optimization problem could be formulated to minimize the application cost with the user‐defined deadline satisfied. Specifically, firstly, a game‐theoretic scheduling mechanism is adopted for resource provisioning and scheduling for multiprovider mobile applications. Then, a mobility‐aware dynamic scheduling strategy is presented to update the scheduling with the consideration of mobility of mobile users. Moreover, a failure recovery mechanism is proposed to deal with the uncertainties during the execution of mobile applications. Finally, experiments are designed and conducted to validate the effectiveness of our proposal. The experimental results show that our method could achieve a trade‐off between the cost and system delay.
The academic outcomes of working memory and metacognitive strategy training in children: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jones Jonathan S. , Milton Fraser , Mostazir Mohammod , Adlam Anna R.
Published: May 2019

Working memory training has been shown to improve performance on untrained working memory tasks in typically developing children, at least when compared to non‐adaptive training; however, there is little evidence that it improves academic outcomes. The lack of transfer to academic outcomes may be because children are only learning skills and strategies in a very narrow context, which they are unable to apply to other tasks. Metacognitive strategy interventions, which promote metacognitive awareness and teach children general strategies that can be used on a variety of tasks, may be a crucial missing link in this regard. In this double‐blind randomized controlled trial, 95 typically developing children aged 9–14 years were allocated to three cognitive training programmes that were conducted daily after‐school. One group received Cogmed working memory training, another group received concurrent Cogmed and metacognitive strategy training, and the control group received adaptive visual search training, which better controls for expectancy and motivation than non‐adaptive training. Children were assessed on four working memory tasks, reading comprehension, and mathematical reasoning before, immediately after, and 3 months after training. Working memory training improved working memory and mathematical reasoning relative to the control group. The improvements in working memory were maintained 3 months later, and these were significantly greater for the group that received metacognitive strategy training, compared to working memory training alone. Working memory training is a potentially effective educational intervention when provided in addition to school; however, future research will need to investigate ways to maintain academic improvements long term and to optimize metacognitive strategy training to promote far‐transfer. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/-7MML48ZFgw
Phenology in a warming world: differences between native and non‐native plant species
Authors: Zettlemoyer Meredith A. , Schultheis Elizabeth H. , Lau Jennifer A.
Published: May 2019

Phenology is a harbinger of climate change, with many species advancing flowering in response to rising temperatures. However, there is tremendous variation among species in phenological response to warming, and any phenological differences between native and non‐native species may influence invasion outcomes under global warming. We simulated global warming in the field and found that non‐native species flowered earlier and were more phenologically plastic to temperature than natives, which did not accelerate flowering in response to warming. Non‐native species' flowering also became more synchronous with other community members under warming. Earlier flowering was associated with greater geographic spread of non‐native species, implicating phenology as a potential trait associated with the successful establishment of non‐native species across large geographic regions. Such phenological differences in both timing and plasticity between native and non‐natives are hypothesised to promote invasion success and population persistence, potentially benefiting non‐native over native species under climate change.
Neuromelanin or DaT‐SPECT: which is the better marker for discriminating advanced Parkinson's disease?
Authors: Okuzumi A. , Hatano T. , Kamagata K. , Hori M. , Mori A. , Oji Y. , Taniguchi D. , Daida K. , Shimo Y. , Yanagisawa N. , Nojiri S. , Aoki S. , Hattori N.
Published: May 2019

Background and purpose

Whether the neuromelanin‐positive substantia nigra pars compacta area (NM‐SNc) on neuromelanin magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI) and the specific binding ratio (SBR) on 123I‐N‐v‐fluoropropyl‐2b‐carbomethoxy3b‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane single photon emission computed tomography (DaT‐SPECT) can be correlated with motor fluctuations (MFs) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) was investigated.

Methods

Thirty‐five PD patients (60 ± 13 years) and 23 healthy individuals as controls (59 ± 19 years) were enrolled. The relationships between NM‐MRI and DaT‐SPECT were prospectively examined in two subgroups divided according to the presence or absence of MFs. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazard model to screen for association factors.

Results

The NM‐SNc size was correlated with the SBR (Spearman's ρ = 0.43, P < 0.05). The NM‐SNc size was significantly reduced in PD with MFs compared with the subgroup without (P < 0.001), whereas the SBR did not significantly differ between the groups. NM‐SNc size was a significant association factor for MFs (hazard ratio 0.94, P = 0.04). In receiver operating characteristic analysis of the factors for MF occurrence, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the NM‐SNc size showed a significant difference of 0.89 (P < 0.05) but no significant difference was found in the SBR.

Conclusions

NM‐SNc size was significantly correlated with the SBR in PD, but several factors in advanced PD were more closely associated with NM‐SNc size than the SBR. NM‐MRI might reflect the status of advanced PD more accurately than DaT‐SPECT. Therefore, NM‐MRI appears to provide a better marker for discriminating advanced PD than DaT‐SPECT.
Modelling feed intake and milk yield responses to different grass ley harvesting strategies
Authors: Pang Degong , Krizsan Sophie J. , Sairanen Auvo , Nousiainen Juha , Huhtanen Pekka
Published: May 2019

A meta‐analysis of feeding trials using grass silages was conducted to predict production responses for dairy cows fed grass silage. They were divided into two subsets: 69 diets from 11 studies were used for comparison of silages made from primary growth and regrowth grass (harvesting subset), and another 157 diets from 24 studies were used for comparison of digestibility influenced by the maturity of grass ensiled (D‐value, digestible organic matter in dry matter) (maturity subset). The minimum prerequisite for an experiment to be included in the data set was that milk production, feed intake, silage characteristics and concentrate ingredients were reported. Both subsets were analysed using the mixed model procedures of SAS. The mean response in dry‐matter intake (DMI) and silage DMI to improved silage D‐value was 0.0175 and 0.0161 kg per unit D‐value (g/kg DM) respectively. The average increase in milk and energy‐corrected milk yield was 0.30 and 0.37 kg per 10‐unit increase in silage D‐value respectively. Milk protein concentration increased, and fat concentration tended to increase with enhanced silage D‐value. Each 10‐unit increase in D‐value reduced milk yield by 0.092 kg at a given dietary metabolizable energy intake (MEI), suggesting that the ME concentration of high D‐value silages was overestimated. Cows fed regrowth silage produced 0.55 kg/day more energy‐corrected milk than those fed primary growth silage at a given dietary MEI. The prediction models can be used to improve ration formulation systems or incorporated into economic models for optimizing milk production in various farming systems.
Comparison of Salix Genotypes for Co‐Phytofiltration of Iron and Manganese from Simulated Contaminated Groundwater in a Floating Culture System
Authors: Yang Weidong , Li Dong , Li Zhidong , Zheng Xiaoxiao , Hong Yi , Jiao Yangqiu , Huang Lizhen , Gao Xinran , Zhao Fengliang , Zhu Zhiqiang , Liu Yong
Published: May 2019

Groundwater contamination with iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) is directly related to drink water safety. It remains challenging to simultaneously remove Fe and Mn from groundwater by conventional physical and chemical methods. Willows (Salix spp.) show promise for co‐phytofiltration of Mn and Fe from groundwater. Here, a floating culture system was developed using willows for co‐phytofiltration of Mn and Fe from simulated groundwater. Genotypic differences of willows were evaluated in terms of their tolerance to and accumulation of a mixture of Fe and Mn. The results showed that the growth responses of eight genotypes significantly differed to a mixture of Fe and Mn, ranging from growth inhibition to enhancement. Tolerance index analysis further indicated wide variation in the responses of willows. Tissue‐specific analysis also revealed genotypic variation in the capacity of willows for translocation and accumulation of Fe and Mn. Compared with other genotypes, SB7 (Salix babylonica) and J842 (S. babylonica × Salix alba) demonstrated higher co‐phytofiltration potentials for Fe and Mn based on tolerance, tissue metal concentrations, and shoot metal contents. Thus, both SB7 and J842 are candidates for co‐phytofiltration of Fe and Mn from groundwater.
Genetic variation of the most abundant forest‐dwelling rodents in Central Africa (Praomys jacksoni complex): Evidence for Pleistocene refugia in both montane and lowland forests
Authors: Mizerovská Daniela , Nicolas Violaine , Demos Terrence C. , Akaibe Dudu , Colyn Marc , Denys Christiane , Kaleme Prince K. , Katuala Pionus , Kennis Jan , Kerbis Peterhans Julian C. , Laudisoit Anne , Missoup Alain Didier , Šumbera Radim , Verheyen Erik , Bryja Josef
Published: May 2019

Aim

We investigate the Plio‐Pleistocene evolutionary history of one of the most abundant rodents in Afrotropical forests. Specifically, we ask how their diversification was influenced by climate change, topography and major rivers.

Location

Tropical Africa: Lower Guinea (including Cameroon volcanic line; CVL), Congolia, Albertine Rift (AR), Kenyan highlands (KH).

Taxon

Murine rodents of the Praomys jacksoni complex.

Methods

We used 849 genotyped individuals to describe the overall diversity and spatial genetic structure across a majority of their known distribution area. The combination of one mitochondrial and three nuclear markers was used to infer dated phylogenies using Bayesian and maximum likelihood approaches. Genetic structure was further assessed by multispecies coalescent species delimitation. Current and past distributions of particular taxa were predicted using environmental niche modelling.

Results

The complex is composed of five major genetic clades (proposed species). Two of them are restricted to specific habitat types (either montane forests of AR or wetlands in lowland forests along the Congo River), three others have wide geographic distributions and lower levels of ecological specialization. The earliest divergence is dated to the Plio‐Pleistocene boundary and is in accordance with the separation of AR forests and Guineo‐Congolian forests. Further diversification of the complex is associated with Pleistocene climate changes. Relatively stable refugia of suitable climatic conditions were identified in lowland Congolia (for two species currently distributed only in lowland forests) as well as in montane forests of CVL, AR, KH (playing the role of reservoirs of diversity). Large rivers, especially the Congo River, are important barriers to gene flow for most taxa, but probably were not the primary cause of differentiation.

Main conclusions

The evolutionary history of the complex was primarily affected by Pleistocene climate changes and diversification in forest refugia. There is little support for ecological parapatric speciation or the riverine barrier hypothesis.
Limits to environmental masking of genetic quality in sexual signals
Authors: Howie James Malcolm , Dawson Harry Alexander Cordeaux , Pomiankowski Andrew , Fowler Kevin
Published: May 2019

There is considerable debate over the value of male sexual ornaments as signals of genetic quality. Studies alternately report that environmental variation enhances or diminishes the genetic signal, or leads to crossover where genotypes perform well in one environment but poorly in another. A unified understanding is lacking. We conduct a novel experimental test examining the dual effects of distinct categories of genetic (inbred vs. crossed parental lines) and environmental quality (low, through high to extreme larval food stress) on a condition‐dependent male ornament. We find that differences in genetic quality signalled by the ornament (male eyespan in Diasemopsis meigenii stalk‐eyed flies) become visible and are amplified under high stress but are overwhelmed in extreme‐stress environments. Variance among independent genetic lines increases with environmental stress in both genetic quality classes, but at a slower rate in high quality outcrossed flies. Individual genetic lines generally maintain their ranks across environments, except among high quality lines under low environmental stress, where low genetic variance among lines precludes differentiation between ranks. Our results provide a conceptual advance, demonstrating a unified pattern for how genetic and environmental quality interact. They show when environmental conditions lead to the amplification of differences in signals of genetic quality and thereby enhance the potential indirect genetic benefits gained by female mate choice.
Two different types of botulinum toxins: Is there a difference in efficacy and longevity?
Authors: Shome Debraj , Kapoor Rinky , Khare Stuti
Published: May 2019

Background

OnabotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA are two botulinum toxin A (BoNT‐A) formulations commonly used in esthetic medicine. They are distinguished by whether complexing proteins are included with the active neurotoxin. While OnabotulinumtoxinA has complexing proteins, incobotulinumtoxinA does not; yet, it is unclear whether these differences affect their efficacy, longevity, and immunogenicity, especially in practices with high ambient temperatures.

Objectives

To assess the efficacy and longevity of unreconstituted incobotulinumtoxinA with unreconstituted OnabotulinumtoxinA when stored and transported in a cold box to areas with high external ambient temperatures and to understand the implications of storing and transporting botulinum toxin to tropical areas with high ambient temperatures.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, and evaluator‐blinded split‐face trial was conducted in 30 patients with symmetrical, moderate‐to‐severe forehead lines. Following routine transportation and storage in thermocol cold boxes, OnabotulinumtoxinA or incobotulinumtoxinA was injected into corresponding sides of the frontalis to facilitate analysis within the same patient. Using a 4‐point facial wrinkling grading scale and a clinical improvement scale, patients' outcomes were assessed over 24 weeks.

Results

Forehead lines reappeared in OnabotulinumtoxinA‐treated patients after 8.3 weeks, compared to 10.1 weeks in incobotulinumtoxinA‐treated patients. While side‐vs‐side improvements in forehead lines were observed for both toxins, after 8 weeks, improvements from were diminished relative to incobotulinumtoxinA, indicating that incobotulinumtoxinA was more effective at prolonged wrinkle relief.

Conclusions

These results suggest that incobotulinumtoxinA is more stable at higher ambient temperatures, thus contributing to its better efficacy and longevity. IncobotulinumtoxinA is therefore more appropriate for practices in tropical climates.
Assessing patient satisfaction among ABHRS surgeons: Opportunities to improve
Authors: Hakimi Amir A. , Yasmeh Jonathan P. , Foulad David S.
Published: May 2019

Background/Objective

Online physician‐rating websites are being increasingly used by patients to gauge physicians’ quality of service. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of residency training background of hair restoration surgeons and to identify themes of patient reviews using online physician‐rating portals.

Method

From July 1, 2018 to July 18, 2018, a list of American Board of Hair Restoration Surgery (ABHRS) physicians was compiled. Each member's name was searched on Healthgrades.com and Yelp.com websites, and profile reviews were analyzed for themes of patient satisfaction and dissatisfaction.

Results

Eighty‐six ABHRS‐certified surgeons were identified on the ABHRS physician directory practicing in the United States. Eleven different residency training backgrounds are represented. Surgeons were given significantly higher ratings on Healthgrades (4.63 vs 3.77, P < 0.001), and nonsurgeons were given significantly higher ratings on Yelp (4.31 vs 4.11, P = 0.036). A total of 567 five‐star reviews and 59 one‐star reviews were analyzed for content across both physician review portals. The most commonly cited topics included results, office staff, physician's bedside manner, comfort during procedure, patient‐perceived physician's honesty, patient‐perceived physician's knowledge, cost/financing options, recovery time, and wait time/scheduling.

Conclusions

Significant, yet inconsistent differences in ratings were found between surgical and nonsurgical residency backgrounds across online physician‐rating portals. Understanding drivers of positive and negative reviews may help surgeons improve patient satisfaction.
Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production induced by benzo(a)pyrene in human keratinocytes
Authors: Zi Yusha , Jiang Biao , He Congfen , Liu Lei
Published: May 2019

Background

Benzo(a)pyrene, a major environmental pollutant, is known to accelerate skin aging through oxidative stress, increase the production of inflammatory mediators, and cause skin cancer. Lentinan, prepared from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake mushroom), has been reported to exhibit anti‐coagulant, anti‐viral, anti‐cancer, anti‐tumor, and anti‐coagulant effects. However, the effect of lentinan on human keratinocytes treated with benzo(a)pyrene is unknown.

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore whether lentinan inhibits benzo(a)pyrene‐induced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine production in human keratinocytes.

Methods

We investigated the effect of lentinan on benzo(a)pyrene‐induced oxidative stress indicators (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase) in human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). We also assessed the production of inflammatory factors interleukin‐8 and chemokine ligand‐2 induced by benzo(a)pyrene exposure at both mRNA and protein levels.

Results

Lentinan inhibited oxidative stress induced by benzo(a)pyrene, as shown by the concentration‐dependent reduction in reactive oxygen species in HaCaT cells. In addition, malondialdehyde levels were reduced to 53% of those of cells treated with benzo(a)pyrene without lentinan. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were approximately 18‐ and 2.7‐fold higher in benzo(a)pyrene‐treated cells with lentinan than in those without lentinan. Moreover, lentinan significantly reduced interleukin‐8 and chemokine ligand‐2 mRNA and protein levels.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that lentinan has two biological activities that are potentially useful for managing inflammatory skin diseases or disorders related to oxidative stress induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Therefore, cosmetics containing L edodes have promising dermatological applications, with potential utility in protecting the skin against environmental pollutants.
Beyond sun protection factor: An approach to environmental protection with novel mineral coatings in a vehicle containing a blend of skincare ingredients
Authors: Bernstein Eric F. , Sarkas Harry W. , Boland Patricia , Bouche Deborah
Published: May 2019

Background

Premature skin aging results from exposure to a range of environmental factors, primarily ultraviolet radiation, but also high‐energy visible light in the blue spectrum, infrared radiation, and environmental pollution. These extrinsic factors result in the generation of reactive oxygen species which promote photoaging and DNA damage resulting in skin cancers.

Aims

To formulate skincare products utilizing a new coating applied to zinc oxide and titanium dioxide particles and complimentary skincare ingredients to provide broad protection against a range of environmental insults.

Methods

A cross‐polymer, multifunctional coating of silicate, polyalkylsilsesquioxane, and polydimethylsiloxane moieties increases the photostability and decreases the reactivity of mineral sunscreen agents when interacting with energy sources. These products are also formulated with antioxidants to minimize free radical propagation. Additionally, this coating improves the esthetic feel of mineral sunscreens, while the appearance is enhanced by formulating products with a blend of iron oxides.

Results

A series of in vitro and ex vivo studies demonstrated the ability of mineral‐based products formulated with the new multifunctional coating to provide protection against ultraviolet radiation, high‐energy visible light, infrared radiation, and environmental pollution.

Conclusion

Newly formulated mineral‐based skincare products provide environmental protection, are ecologically safe, and can replace chemical‐based sunscreen ingredients.
Hepatitis B core‐related antigen monitoring during peginterferon alfa treatment for HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B
Authors: van Campenhout Margo J. H. , Rijckborst Vincent , Brouwer Willem Pieter , van Oord Gertine W. , Ferenci Peter , Tabak Fehmi , Akdogan Meral , Pinarbasi Binnur , Simon Krzysztof , de Knegt Robert J. , Boonstra André , Janssen Harry L. A. , Hansen Bettina E.
Published: May 2019

Serum Hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg) level moderately correlates with cccDNA. We examined whether HBcrAg can add value in monitoring the effect of peginterferon (PEG‐IFN) therapy for HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Thus, serum HBcrAg level was measured in 133 HBeAg‐negative, mainly Caucasian CHB patients, treated with 48 weeks of PEG‐IFN alfa‐2a. We assessed its association with response (ALT normalization & HBV DNA < 2000 IU/mL) at week 72. HBcrAg level strongly correlated with HBV DNA level (r = 0.8, P < 0.001) and weakly with qHBsAg and ALT (both r = 0.2, P = 0.01). At week 48, mean HBcrAg decline was −3.3 log U/mL. Baseline levels were comparable for patients with and without response at week 72 (5.0 vs 4.9 log U/mL, P = 0.59). HBcrAg decline at week 72 differed between patients with and without response (−2.4 vs −1.0 log U/mL, P = 0.001), but no cut‐off could be determined. The pattern of decline in responders resembled that of HBV DNA, but HBcrAg decline was weaker (HBcrAg −2.5 log U/mL; HBV DNA: −4.0 log IU/mL, P < 0.001). For early identification of nonresponse, diagnostic accuracy of HBV DNA and qHBsAg decline at week 12 (AUC 0.742, CI‐95% [0.0.629‐0.855], P < 0.001) did not improve by adding HBcrAg decline (AUC 0.747, CI‐95% [0.629‐0.855] P < 0.001), nor by replacing HBV DNA decline by HBcrAg decline (AUC 0.754, CI‐95% [0.641‐0.867], P < 0.001). In conclusion, in Caucasian patients with HBeAg‐negative CHB, decline of HBcrAg during PEG‐IFN treatment was stronger in patients with treatment response. However, HBcrAg was not superior to HBV DNA and qHBsAg in predicting response during PEG‐IFN treatment.
Exploratory cohort study to determine if dry cow vaccination with aSalmonellaNewport bacterin can protect dairy calves against oralSalmonellachallenge
Authors: Foster Derek , Jacob Megan , Stowe Devorah , Smith Geof
Published: May 2019

Background

Salmonellosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal calves, often occurring before preventative vaccines can be administered.

Hypothesis/Objective

To evaluate the protective effect on calves of colostrum from cows vaccinated with a commercially availableSalmonellaNewport bacterin against aSalmonellaTyphimurium challenge.

Animals

Twenty Holstein bull calves from a university dairy farm.

Methods

Nonrandomized placebo‐controlled trial in which colostrum was harvested from 30 cows that received 2 doses of eitherSalmonellabacterin or saline before calving. Colostrum collected from each group was pooled and fed to 2 groups of 10 calves at birth. At approximately 2 weeks of age, calves were challenged withSalmonellaTyphimurium. Clinical, hematologic, microbiological, and postmortem findings were compared between the 2 groups.

Results

No differences in mortality, clinical findings, hematology results, blood and fecal cultures, or necropsy findings between the 2 groups were observed. Vaccinated cows had higher colostral titers, and calves fed this colostrum had higher serum titers (mean difference, 0.429; mean [SE], 0.852 [0.02] for vaccinated versus 0.423 [0.02] for control calves).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Transfer of colostral immunoglobulins fromSalmonella entericaserotype Newport bacterin to neonatal calves was not sufficient to decrease mortality, clinical signs, sepsis, intestinal damage, or fecal shedding when exposed to a highly pathogenicSalmonellaisolate. A large‐scale randomized controlled clinical trial is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this bacterin when administered in the dry period for prevention of salmonellosis in neonatal calves.
Liminal Living: Everyday Injury, Disability, and Instability among Migrant Mexican Women in Maryland's Seafood Industry
Authors: Sangaramoorthy Thurka
Published: May 2019

Mexican women constitute an increasing proportion of labor migrants to the United States. They are segregated into a handful of low‐wage occupations, disadvantaged by global economic forces and the social construction of gender within employment relations. Drawing on ethnographic research from Maryland's Eastern Shore, I explore experiences of everyday injury, disability, and instability among Mexican migrant women who work in the commercial crab processing industry, which is increasingly dependent on the H‐2B visa program to fill seasonal, non‐agricultural jobs. By focusing on the daily lives of Mexican migrant women who are part of this labor force, their health and social needs, and the gendered dimensions of labor migration, I document how temporary work programs institutionalize liminality as permanent mode of being. I suggest that migrant women, amid the extraordinary uncertainty brought about by the processes of recurrent migration, reorient and recalibrate themselves through modes of conduct to make life more ordinary.
Horizontal and endosymbiotic gene transfer in early plastid evolution
Authors: Ponce‐Toledo Rafael I. , López‐García Purificación , Moreira David
Published: May 2019

Plastids evolved from a cyanobacterium that was engulfed by a heterotrophic eukaryotic host and became a stable organelle. Some of the resulting eukaryotic algae entered into a number of secondary endosymbioses with diverse eukaryotic hosts. These events had major consequences on the evolution and diversification of life on Earth. Although almost all plastid diversity derives from a single endosymbiotic event, the analysis of nuclear genomes of plastid‐bearing lineages has revealed a mosaic origin of plastid‐related genes. In addition to cyanobacterial genes, plastids recruited for their functioning eukaryotic proteins encoded by the host nucleus and also bacterial proteins of noncyanobacterial origin. Therefore, plastid proteins and plastid‐localised metabolic pathways evolved by tinkering and using gene toolkits from different sources. This mixed heritage seems especially complex in secondary algae containing green plastids, the acquisition of which appears to have been facilitated by many previous acquisitions of red algal genes (the ‘red carpet hypothesis’).
Preventive treatment with oral sirolimus and aspirin in a newborn with severe Sturge‐Weber syndrome
Authors: Triana Junco Paloma E. , Sánchez‐Carpintero Ignacio , López‐Gutiérrez Juan Carlos
Published: May 2019

Sturge‐Weber syndrome (SWS) is characterized by facial capillary malformation, leptomeningeal capillary malformations, and choroidal and episcleral vascular malformations. These malformations produce neurologic and ophthalmological symptoms including seizures and glaucoma. A premature male newborn without prenatal diagnosis presented with severe bilateral SWS and was started on systemic sirolimus and aspirin. The patient has remained seizure‐free for 23 months and demonstrated an excellent response to pulsed dye laser treatment.
When Beliefs Lead to (Im)Moral Action: How Believing in Torture's Effectiveness Shapes the Endorsement of Its Use
Authors: Houck Shannon C. , McFarland James , Machia Laura V. , Conway Lucian Gideon
Published: May 2019

Does believing in torture's effectiveness shape the endorsements of its use? Using a multimethod approach across six studies, we provide converging evidence that efficacy beliefs can help increase understanding of individual differences and situational influences on torture support. Studies 1a and 1b found that torture opinions contained more efficacy‐based language than other types of harm and that people relied more on torture efficacy than torture's inherent morality when conveying their views. Study 2 assessed predictors of torture favorability including effectiveness and other key covariates, revealing that efficacy beliefs strongly predicted torture favorability—an association that retained its predictive validity above and beyond individual differences known to influence torture support. Mediation analyses further showed that efficacy beliefs explained key associations with torture support. Studies 3 and 4 used moral dilemmas requiring decisions about torture versus other harm. Results showed that individuals who believed harm would be effective were more likely to endorse its use; this was especially evident for torture judgments. Study 5 replicated the torture‐efficacy effect while also revealing efficacy effects for other interrogation techniques, thus suggesting the effect is driven more by the instrumental objective of torture than harm or moral violations. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Political Consequences of Partisan Prejudice
Authors: Shafranek Richard M.
Published: May 2019

Political conflict sometimes spills over into unrelated areas of our lives. A growing literature documents examples of partisan considerations influencing judgments and behaviors in ostensibly nonpolitical contexts such as the workplace, academia, and dating, among others. To date, the focus has been on demonstrating these phenomena, with scant consideration of their downstream effects. When politics spills over into nonpolitical settings—that is, when political considerations influence nonpolitical judgments or behaviors—what are the consequences? I address this question with a novel theory and a nationally representative survey experiment. I find that norms exist regarding the spillover of political considerations into nonpolitical matters—and that spillover can have its own political consequences. When one's copartisans discriminate against members of the other party, it can lead to decreased partisan identification and depolarization. Partisan discrimination in nonpolitical settings can—in some sense ironically—reduce affective polarization. That said, partisans also appear to hold a double standard: They expect copartisans to give an edge to fellow copartisans.
Dynamic Shrinkage Processes
Authors: Kowal Daniel R. , Matteson David S. , Ruppert David
Published: May 2019

We propose a novel class of dynamic shrinkage processes for Bayesian time series and regression analysis. Building on a global–local framework of prior construction, in which continuous scale mixtures of Gaussian distributions are employed for both desirable shrinkage properties and computational tractability, we model dependence between the local scale parameters. The resulting processes inherit the desirable shrinkage behaviour of popular global–local priors, such as the horseshoe prior, but provide additional localized adaptivity, which is important for modelling time series data or regression functions with local features. We construct a computationally efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm based on a Pólya–gamma scale mixture representation of the process proposed. Using dynamic shrinkage processes, we develop a Bayesian trend filtering model that produces more accurate estimates and tighter posterior credible intervals than do competing methods, and we apply the model for irregular curve fitting of minute-by-minute Twitter central processor unit usage data. In addition, we develop an adaptive time varying parameter regression model to assess the efficacy of the Fama–French five-factor asset pricing model with momentum added as a sixth factor. Our dynamic analysis of manufacturing and healthcare industry data shows that, with the exception of the market risk, no other risk factors are significant except for brief periods.
Estimating Finite Mixtures of Semi-Markov Chains: An Application to the Segmentation of Temporal Sensory Data
Authors: Cardot Hervé , Lecuelle Guillaume , Schlich Pascal , Visalli Michel
Published: May 2019

In food science, it is of great interest to obtain information about the temporal perception of aliments to create new products, to modify existing products or more generally to understand the mechanisms of perception. Temporal dominance of sensations is a technique to measure temporal perception which consists in choosing sequentially attributes describing a food product over tasting. This work introduces new statistical models based on finite mixtures of semi-Markov chains to describe data collected with the temporal dominance of sensations protocol, allowing different temporal perceptions for a same product within a population. The identifiability of the parameters of such mixture models is discussed. Sojourn time distributions are fitted with a gamma probability distribution and a penalty is added to the log-likelihood to ensure convergence of the expectation–maximization algorithm to a non-degenerate solution. Information criteria are employed for determining the number of mixture components. Then, the individual qualitative trajectories are clustered with the help of the maximum a posteriori probability approach. A simulation study confirms the good behaviour of the estimation procedure proposed. The methodology is illustrated on an example of consumers’ perception of a Gouda cheese and assesses the existence of several behaviours in terms of perception of this product.