bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy among patients at a Nigerian treatment clinic
Authors: Olowookere Samuel Anu , Fatiregun Akinola Ayoola , Adewole Isaac F
Published: November 2012

Introduction:  We assessed the knowledge of and attitudes toward HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study design was employed. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to consecutive, consenting PLWHA who had been receiving treatment for a minimum of three months. The level of ART adherence was calculated manually for each respondent. Results: In total 318 PLWHA completed the questionnaire. The mean and median time on ART was 17.8 months and 19 months respectively. The mean age of the respondents was 39.1±9.6 years. The majority of these respondents (76.9%) had completed secondary education. Over 80% of the respondents reported knowing that HIV can be transmitted through blood transfusions and unprotected sexual intercourse. Seventy-six per cent of the respondents reported knowing that ART suppresses HIV activity. However, 33% of the respondents denied being HIV positive, while 22.6% reported that they felt that taking ART was shameful. Over 32% of the respondents reported that good adherence to ART would raise suspicions about their HIV status, and 66.7% had not yet disclosed their HIV status to anyone. Most (77.7%) respondents had good knowledge of HIV/AIDS while 75.2% had good knowledge of ART. Also 78.9% had positive attitude to HIV/AIDS while 73.9%) had positive attitude to ART. Respondents with good knowledge about HIV/AIDS and a positive attitude about the disease tended to be more adherent to ART (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The majority of respondents had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward HIV/AIDS and ART adherence.
Mortality due to Chagas disease in Brazil from 1979 to 2009: trends and regional differences
Authors: Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio , Ramos Jr Alberto Novaes , Alencar Carlos Henrique , Heukelbach Jorg
Published: November 2012

Introduction: Studies on mortality due to parasitic diseases such as Chagas disease are useful to understand the epidemiology and to plan and guide control measures for these diseases. We analyzed mortality trends due to Chagas disease in Brazil and regions, between 1979 and 2009. Methodology: Mortality data (underlying cause of death) were obtained from the nationwide Mortality Information System (SIM) of the Ministry of Health. We calculated crude mortality rates and rates standardized by age, as well as proportional mortality. Results: In total, 27,560,043 deaths occurred in the study period. In 172,066 deaths, Chagas disease was mentioned as the underlying cause (proportional mortality: 0.62%). The mean crude and age-standardized mortality rates were 3.61 and 5.19 deaths/100,000 inhabitants/year, respectively. During the observation period, Chagas mortality declined significantly at the national level (R2=97%, p < 0.001), with different patterns between regions. There was a significant reduction in mortality in the Central-West (R2=90%, p < 0.001), Southeast (R2=98%, p < 0.001) and South (R2=94%, p < 0.001), but in the North (R2=34%, p=0.001) and Northeast (R2=65%, p < 0.001) regions mortality increased. Conclusions: Despite the overall decline in mortality due to Chagas disease in Brazil, it remains an important public health problem. After successful control of the primary vector Triatoma infestans, intervention measures must focus on improved access to health care and secondary prevention. The North and Northeast regions, where vectors other than T. infestans have a primary role, need special attention.
Characterization of Citrobacter sp. line 328 as a source of Vi for a Vi-CRM197 glycoconjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Rondini Simona , Micoli Francesca , Lanzilao Luisa , Pisoni Ivan , Di Cioccio Vito , Saul Allan J , Martin Laura B
Published: November 2012

Introduction: Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is the causative agent of typhoid fever with over 22 million cases and over 200,000 deaths reported annually. A vaccine is much needed for use in young children and the Novartis Vaccines Institute for Global Health (NVGH) is developing a conjugate vaccine which targets S. Typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide. Methodology: Here we describe a method suitable for industrial scale production of the Vi antigen based on expression by a Citrobacter line. We optimized the production of Vi by selecting a suitable Citrobacter strain (Citrobacter 328) that yields high and stable expression of Vi in chemically defined medium under industrial-scale fermentation conditions. Results: Vi-CRM197 made using Vi from Citrobacter 328 elicited high anti-Vi antibody levels in mice and rabbits. Conclusions: Citrobacter 328 is a suitable strain for production of Vi for conjugate anti-Typhi vaccines. Being a BSL-1 organism, which grows in defined medium and stably produces high yields of Vi, it offers excellent potential for safe production of inexpensive vaccines for populations at risk of typhoid fever.
De la mise en scène à la fiction touristique : la médiation du voyage urbain sur la ligne de métro Xinbeitou à Taipei
Authors: Flon Émilie
Published: November 2012

Résumé La ville est souvent pensée comme ensemble d’activités localisées, le transport n’étant que la conséquence de la croissance de la ville et de la distribution spatiale de ces activités, mais ni un « lieu » ni une « activité » à part entière. Cette contribution analyse l’aménagement d’un mode de transport, la ligne de métro Xinbeitou à Taipei, dont l’originalité est de constituer également un dispositif touristique focalisé sur la dimension émotionnelle du voyage : les rames intègrent une mise en scène fictive de la pratique touristique urbaine sans faire référence à la réalité de la ville ou de sa visite. Cette stratégie communicationnelle et touristique se fonde sur des scenarii de fiction pour créer le désir du voyage. Elle est étudiée ici comme un phénomène symbolique révélant un processus de production du sens commun à d’autres situations sociales, et qui s’exprime à travers des dispositifs de communication (les mises en scène).
De l'expertise associative à la constitution d'un contre-pouvoir. Action collective et concertation à Paris Rive Gauche
Authors: Nez Héloïse
Published: November 2012

Résumé Dans les dispositifs de démocratie participative, l’impact des citoyens se limite souvent à l’échelle des quartiers, sans pouvoir peser sur les grandes transformations urbaines. Pourtant, à Paris Rive Gauche, les acteurs associatifs sont parvenus à avoir un impact non négligeable sur un projet urbain de grande ampleur. En s’interrogeant sur cette exception, cet article montre que les associations peuvent imposer leurs savoirs sur la table des négociations, en dépit des questions d’échelles et de la dimension économique des projets, à partir du moment où elles arrivent à saisir les effets d’opportunités politiques, à développer une capacité de contre-expertise et à s’inscrire dans une double dynamique de coopération et de contre-pouvoir. Cette articulation entre des logiques de savoir et de pouvoir est sans doute la condition pour que les citoyens puissent se faire entendre sur les questions d’urbanisme à grande échelle.
Whom Do Veteran Nursing Home Residents Prefer to Talk to About Satisfaction With Care?: Implications for Nursing Staff
Authors: Durkin Daniel W. , Umayam Sheila P. , Sims Nichole , Cleeton Patrick , Simmons Sandra F.
Published: November 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine whom residents in U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing homes prefer to talk to about their quality of care. A total of 127 participants in three VA facilities completed a structured, in-person interview. Nearly half (47.6%) reported that they prefer talking with facility staff about their quality of care, with the most preferred staff being licensed nurses and physicians. However, 26% reported being hesitant to express complaints for fear of reprisal. Participants also reported being least comfortable talking to direct care staff (nurse aides) if they saw another resident being mistreated. These findings suggest that licensed nurses and primary care professionals, both of whom are in frequent contact with residents, should routinely ask residents questions about their quality of care so that nursing home residents have ample opportunity to express concerns. Finally, asking satisfaction questions routinely may also enable facilities to address problems as they occur.
Se soigner ou soigner les autres  ? Dimensions thérapeutiques d’un culte de possession vietnamien
Authors: Chauvet Claire
Published: November 2012

Les médiums des esprits des Quatre Palais, en articulation avec d’autres spécialistes religieux, participent à l’espace thérapeutique vietnamien. Ils contribuent de longue date, et ce malgré les aléas de l’histoire, à prendre en charge les maladies par le biais de la pratique rituelle et, plus généralement, par le biais des interventions des esprits. Si ces dimensions thérapeutiques ne constituent qu’un aspect du culte, à côté des enjeux religieux, politiques et territoriaux, les requêtes de guérison sont parmi les principales requêtes formulées aux esprits. Cet article examine les dimensions thérapeutiques de la pratique du culte qui s’articulent autour de deux pôles : pratiquer la possession pour soigner les autres ou pour se soigner soi-même. C’est, en effet, la santé, avec l’harmonie au sein de la vie familiale, la réussite dans le commerce ou les études, que les disciples viennent chercher auprès des esprits et de leurs intermédiaires. Par ailleurs, comme pour de nombreux cultes de possession, la maladie est très souvent à l’origine du processus qui mène à la pratique médiumnique. Certains médiums, ainsi que quelques esprits, ont à cet effet des pouvoirs spécialisés dans la guérison. Enfin, l’article envisage certaines transformations du rôle social des médiums.
Nourrir la vie : éthique de la relation de soin chez les T’ai Dam du Nord-Laos
Authors: Collomb Natacha
Published: November 2012

La notion de liang, commune aux langues tai, renvoie à une multiplicité de pratiques : nourrir, élever des animaux et des enfants, adopter, prendre soin de ses parents âgés et rendre un culte. Dans un premier temps, cet article propose d’explorer dans le contexte d’un village de riziculteurs t’ai dam du Nord Laos, le champ sémantique et les différentes pratiques auxquelles renvoie cette notion. Qu’il s’agisse des animaux, des humains ou des esprits, d’élevage, de soin ou de culte, liang implique toujours l’institution et le maintien d’une relation fondée sur le don, réel ou symbolique, de nourriture et appelant une certaine forme de réciprocité. La deuxième partie de l’article, consacré à trois études de cas relatant la difficulté à concevoir et à garder en vie des enfants, montrera que liang relève à la fois d’une aptitude, donnée ou acquise, et d’une valeur qui sont essentielles à la reproduction et bon déroulement du cycle de vie.
Ethnographie d’un hôpital cambodgien
Authors: Dumas Céline , Faurand-Tournaire Anne-Laure
Published: November 2012

Dès le protectorat français et depuis l’indépendance, l’hôpital a été la « vitrine » politique de santé au Cambodge. Aujourd’hui, l’hôpital fait l’objet d’enjeux politiques, économiques et sociaux qui traversent la société cambodgienne contemporaine. Cet article propose une analyse de l’espace physique et social qui régit le quotidien hospitalier dans le cadre d’une ethnographie d’une maternité de Phnom Penh. Une description ethnographique des espaces de l’hôpital permet de le définir comme un espace ouvert à compartiments clos ; espace ouvert à l’intérieur duquel se dessinent des pôles professionnels et domestiques ou en lien avec la saleté et la propreté. Les frontières entre ces différents pôles délimitent des espaces clos où les accès sont strictement contrôlés. Cet emboîtement des espaces permet de comprendre la dynamique de la gestion de l’espace physique mais également social. L’organisation hospitalière est régie par une double hiérarchie, à la fois professionnelle et sociale. Cette hiérarchisation se retrouve dans la répartition des tâches quotidiennes où le « sale boulot » demeure attribué au personnel au plus bas de l’échelle hospitalière et sociale. Si l’organisation sociale à l’hôpital reflète en partie la hiérarchie de la société cambodgienne, nos observations montrent que le jeu social est plus subtil, faisant parfois intervenir le pouvoir acquis par l’appartenance politique des soignants ou l’origine sociale des malades. De même, il n’est pas uniquement question de pouvoir et de hiérarchie dans les rapports sociaux intra-hospitaliers : les usages de l’argent et son partage entre les divers soignants estompent les rapports de pouvoir entre les personnels soignants et participent à l’élaboration de sociabilité soignante au sein de l’hôpital.
Muslim Midwives between Traditions and Modernities
Authors: Merli Claudia
Published: November 2012

This article portrays the life and activity of Muslim indigenous midwives in Satun province, Southern Thailand. Their art is transmitted almost exclusively through the maternal line and their traditional knowledge has been modified, transformed and reinvented but never abandoned, even as new biomedical information and techniques have been imparted during formal training. The indigenous midwives combine new knowledge with their more traditional practices such as use of incantations, ritual expertise, pre- and postpartum massages. They maintain their status in their communities thanks to their capacity to relate to both traditional and biomedical worlds. The reception of new equipment and the burden of bureaucratic control represent new elements in their lives and create a gap with the new generation of midwives.
Des hôtesses de karaoké à Phnom Penh
Authors: Hancart Petitet Pascale
Published: November 2012

Au Cambodge, dans un contexte alliant paupérisation et forte pression sociale à la consommation, des jeunes femmes issues de milieux ruraux viennent s’installer à Phnom Penh, la capitale, afin de trouver une activité permettant de subvenir à leurs besoins et à ceux de leur famille. Parmi elles, nombreuses sont celles qui, par l’intermédiaire d’un membre de leur réseau familial ou amical, ou à la suite d’une information glanée à l’occasion d’une rencontre sur place, trouvent une activité en tant qu’hôtesse de bar karaoké. Cette activité induit des changements corporels, sociaux et culturels divers pour ces jeunes femmes et modifie en partie leur rapport à leur féminité, à leur sexualité et à leur santé. Considérées par les acteurs de santé publique comme des « populations vulnérables », en particulier en raison de leur activité dans la vente de services sexuels, ces femmes sont, parfois, la cible d’activités de prévention et de soins en santé de la reproduction. Cette contribution approche, d’une part, certains aspects de la construction des politiques sanitaires dans le contexte de la prostitution au Cambodge. Par ailleurs, l’article vise à explorer la façon dont ces jeunes femmes s’accommodent de leur nouveau rôle et dont elles mettent en œuvre, négocient ou détournent les pratiques de soins recommandées en matière de prévention du VIH et des grossesses non désirées. Les données ethnographiques illustrent comment les migrations spatiales et sociales des femmes observées au Cambodge induisent des pratiques « inédites » en santé de la reproduction ainsi que des formes nouvelles de construction d’identité de genre et du corps féminin. Au-delà, cette contribution propose de revisiter le concept
Le pluralisme médicamenteux face à l’épidémie de VIH/sida au Viêt Nam
Authors: Blanc Marie-Eve
Published: November 2012

Cet article traite de la place du pluralisme médicamenteux au Viêt Nam dans le contexte de l’épidémie de VIH/sida et de la mise en place d’une nouvelle politique du médicament qui mène à la régulation du médicament traditionnel. Un des principaux problèmes dans la prise en charge du VIH/sida au Viêt Nam fut l’absence de médicaments appropriés, efficaces et accessibles. Contrairement à la Chine, la médecine traditionnelle au Viêt Nam ne s’est pas adaptée, ni n’a réussi à développer durablement de produits spécifiques. Pourtant, l’OMS favorise et incite les thérapeutes traditionnels à participer et à proposer des solutions et pas seulement dans le cadre de soins complémentaires ou palliatifs. On a pu parfois même observer des attitudes plutôt répressives de la part des autorités vietnamiennes à l’égard d’un médicament traditionnel qui n’était pas passé par l’evidence based medicine. En revanche, contrairement à la Chine, le Viêt Nam s’est orienté vers une production locale de médicaments génériques pour répondre aux besoins locaux et baisser le coût de la prise en charge du VIH.À l’aide d’une analyse de contenu de la presse vietnamienne sur le sujet nous tenterons de comprendre les enjeux politiques, économiques et culturels qui se cachent derrière le faible développement de médicaments traditionnels dans le cadre de la prise en charge du VIH/sida.Nous montrerons que l’occidentalisation pendant la période coloniale, l’ouverture du pays depuis le début des années 1990, la globalisation (vue ici comme la multiplication des échanges avec les pays occidentaux et l’intégration du Viêt Nam au reste du monde et à l’ASEAN) et la chaîne de production du médicament pharmaceutique ont modifié les pratiques de pluralisme médicamenteux ainsi que la politique nationale en matière de santé, avec des implications à plus ou moins long terme sur les pratiques populaires.
Effects of Iron Supplementation on Red Blood Cell Hemoglobin Content in Pregnancy
Authors: Schoorl Margreet , Schoorl Marianne , van der Gaag Derek , Bartels Piet
Published: November 2012

Although a mild degree of anemia is common in the third trimester of pregnancy, it remains a challenge to establish whether a decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is physiological or pathological. The World Health Organization suggested a Hb concentration of 110 g/L to discriminate anemia. Several European investigators recommended Hb cut-off values of between 101–110 g/L. The aim of this study was to establish short-term effects of iron supplementation on the hemoglobin content of reticulocytes (Ret-He) and red blood cells (RBC-He) in case of suspected iron deficient erythropoiesis (IDE) in the third trimester of pregnancy. Twenty-five subjects with suspected IDE during pregnancy (Hb ≤ 110g/L, Ret-He < 29.6 pg, zinc protoporphyrin > 75 mol/mol hem) participated in the study. After iron supplementation, reticulocyte counts increased from 0.061 ± 0.015 x 1012/L to 0.079 ± 0.026 x 1012/L and Ret-He increased from 23.6 ± 2.8 pg to 28.3 ± 2.6 pg (P ≤ 0.001). RBC-He increased from 26.9 ± 1.9 pg to 27.4 ± 1.8 pg (not significant, NS) and Ret-He/RBC-He ratio increased from 0.97 ± 0.06 towards 1.07 ± 0.05 (P ≤ 0.001). Hb concentrations demonstrated an obvious increase from 105 ± 6 g/L towards 115 ± 5 g/L (P ≤ 0.001) after supplementation. An obvious increase in RBC distribution width was observed from 45.0 ± 3.6 fL towards 52.3 ± 7.0 fL (P ≤ 0.001). We recommend that Ret-He and Ret-He/RBC-He ratio be integrated into the protocols for anemia screening and for monitoring effects of iron supplementation during pregnancy. In particular, the parameters should be considered in subjects with Hb results in the controversial range of 101–108 g/L.
Effects of High Fat Feeding on Liver Gene Expression in Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats
Authors: Almon Richard R. , DuBois Debra C. , Sukumaran Siddharth , Wang Xi , Xue Bai , Nie Jing , Jusko William J.
Published: November 2012

Effects of high fat diet (HFD) on obesity and, subsequently, on diabetes are highly variable and modulated by genetics in both humans and rodents. In this report, we characterized the response of Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats, a spontaneous polygenic model for lean diabetes and healthy Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) controls, to high fat feeding from weaning to 20 weeks of age. Animals fed either normal diet or HFD were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age and a wide array of physiological measurements were made along with gene expression profiling using Affymetrix gene array chips. Mining of the microarray data identified differentially regulated genes (involved in inflammation, metabolism, transcription regulation, and signaling) in diabetic animals, as well as the response of both strains to HFD. Functional annotation suggested that HFD increased inflammatory differences between the two strains. Chronic inflammation driven by heightened innate immune response was identified to be present in GK animals regardless of diet. In addition, compensatory mechanisms by which WKY animals on HFD resisted the development of diabetes were identified, thus illustrating the complexity of diabetes disease progression.
Reduced age at slaughter in youthful beef cattle: Effects on carcass merit traits
Authors: López-Campos Ó. , Basarab J. A. , Baron V. S. , Aalhus J. L. , Juárez M.
Published: November 2012

López-Campos, Ó., Basarab, J. A., Baron, V. S., Aalhus, J. L. and Juárez, M. 2012. Reduced age at slaughter in youthful beef cattle: Effects on carcass merit traits. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 449–463. Two-hundred and twenty-four spring-born British×Continental crossbred steers were used in a 2-yr project to evaluate the effect of production system (calf-fed vs. yearling-fed) and its interaction with breed cross and hormone implant strategies, with and without β-adrenergic agonist on carcass characteristics. Carcasses from yearling-fed steers were 32% heavier (P<0.001), resulting in higher (P<0.05) dressing percentages, grade fat and rib-eye (longissimus thoracis) area (REA) (1.1, 32 and 10%, respectively). However, despite being lighter, the estimated lean yield percentage was 3% greater (P=0.010) in carcasses from calf-fed steers. No difference (P>0.05) was observed for marbling scores between production systems. Use of hormonal implants increased (P<0.001) weights of live animals and carcasses (7 and 9%, respectively). However, non-implanted yearling-fed steers had the lowest proportion of Canada Quality Grade A and the highest proportion of Canada Quality Grade AAA carcasses (P<0.001). Moreover, the observed increase (P=0.016) in marbling scores (up to 37%) from British cross-bred steers disappeared with the use of implants. The only effect observed on carcass traits from the use of β-adrenergic agonists was an increase of 6% in REA (P=0.032). The main production system effect observed for carcass composition was a lower (P=0.008) proportion of bone in carcasses from yearling-fed steers. The use of hormonal implants increased (P<0.001) the proportion of lean and decreased (P=0.019) the proportion of fat (P<0.05). Overall carcass composition of steers with large Continental influence (>50%) had a higher proportion of lean and bone and a lower proportion of fat than carcasses from 50–75% British steers (P<0.001), which was also reflected in the composition of several individual primal cuts (e.g., rib, short-loin, flank, chuck and plate). The interactions amongst production systems and the other production factors studied were minimal. Therefore, despite expected differences in carcass size, reducing age at slaughter did not have a negative impact on Canadian beef carcass traits.
Short Communication: Growth and attainment of puberty in calves from cows supplemented with linseed meal during late gestation and early lactation
Authors: Ilse B. R. , Anderson V. L. , Buchanan D. S. , Odde K. G. , Lardy G. P. , Vonnahme K. A.
Published: November 2012

Ilse, B. R., Anderson, V. L., Buchanan, D. S., Odde, K. G., Lardy, G. P. and Vonnahme, K. A. 2012. Short Communication: Growth and attainment of puberty in calves from cows supplemented with linseed meal during late gestation and early lactation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 443–447. To test the objective that a linseed meal (LSM) supplement in beef cows during late gestation and early lactation would impact offspring growth performance, steer carcass composition, and attainment of puberty in heifer calves, multiparous beef cows received either LSM or a control supplement for the last 60 d of gestation (exp. 1; n=72) or during the first 60 d of lactation (exp. 2; n=91). In both experiments, birth weight, weaning weight, and ADG of calves were not affected (P>0.31) by LSM supplementation. There was no effect (P>0.09) of supplementation on carcass characteristics of steer progeny fed to market weight. In exps. 1 and 2, attainment of puberty in heifer calves was not influenced (P>0.58) by supplement type. Linseed meal supplementation during late gestation or early lactation does not appear to affect calf growth, onset of puberty in heifer calves, or steer carcass quality.
Impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets with and without supplemented wheat and corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles
Authors: Bernier J. N. , Undi M. , Plaizier J. C. , Wittenberg K. M. , Donohoe G. R. , Ominski K. H.
Published: November 2012

Bernier, J. N., Undi, M., Plaizier, J. C., Wittenberg, K. M., Donohoe, G. R. and Ominski, K. H. 2012. Impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake and enteric methane emissions of beef cows overwintered on low-quality forage diets with and without supplemented wheat and corn dried distillers’ grain with solubles. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 493–500. This study was conducted to determine the impact of prolonged cold exposure on dry matter intake (DMI) and enteric methane (CH4) emissions of overwintering beef cows consuming low-quality forage with and without supplemented protein in the form of dried distillers’ grain with solubles (DDGS). The study was carried out with 30 mature, dry, open beef cows (663±52.9 kg) that were fed a low-quality (deficient CP, 6.0% CP) forage (control), low-quality forage supplemented with 10% DDGS (sufficient CP, 8.7% CP; DDGS10) or 20% DDGS (excess CP, 11.6% CP; DDGS20). Carrying out the study from October through February allowed assessment under thermal neutral and prolonged cold conditions typical of the prairie region of Canada (Manitoba, Alberta and Saskatchewan). Average minimum and maximum daily temperatures were 2.7 and 13.8°C in the thermal neutral period, and –23.5 and −11.0°C in the prolonged cold period, respectively. When no protein supplements were offered, cows exposed to prolonged cold consumed less (P=0.01) forage than when exposed to thermal neutral conditions. Enteric CH4 emissions, when measured as litres per day, were not influenced (P>0.05) by dietary protein supplementation, averaging 285.6±11.71, 311.9±11.49 and 282.6±13.02 L d−1 for cows fed control, DDGS10, and DDGS20 diets, respectively. When expressed as a percentage of energy consumed, cows consuming low-quality forage supplemented with 20% DDGS produced 18.5% less (P=0.01) enteric CH4 relative to cows consuming the low-quality forage only, with emissions of 5.3±0.38 and 6.5±0.33% GEI, respectively. Mature beef cows maintained at the same physiological status and dietary regime produced 26.8% less (P=0.001) enteric CH4 (7.1±0.30 vs. 5.2±0.26% GEI) under prolonged cold as compared with thermal neutral conditions. Based on these results, enteric CH4 emissions for the Canadian cow herd that is overwintered outdoors may be overestimated using current International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology.
Short Communication: Effects of feeding wheat bran and condensed liquid whey in diets of growing cattle
Authors: Friedt A. D. , McKinnon J. J.
Published: November 2012

Friedt, A. D. and McKinnon, J. J. 2012. Short Communication: Effects of feeding wheat bran and condensed liquid whey in diets of growing cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 501–504. Wheat bran (WB) derived from abrasion milling prior to ethanol production was evaluated in backgrounding diets for steer calves alone or in combination with condensed liquid whey (CLW) as a partial replacement for barley grain. There was no effect of CLW on any performance parameter, nor was any WB×CLW interaction detected. Average daily gain was not affected (P>0.05) by WB inclusion; however, dry matter intake of cattle fed WB was higher (P<0.01) than that of cattle fed the barley-based diet. Gain:feed and estimated diet NEg content were decreased (P<0.01) by WB inclusion. Ultrasound carcass traits were not (P>0.05) affected by treatment. These results indicate that WB can replace barley grain at levels up to 28% of the diet DM without impacting ADG or composition of gain in growing calves. However, calculated NEg of WB-based diets is lower than that of barley-based diets, thus calves must consume more feed DM to maintain similar gains.
Effects on microbial quality of fresh pork loin during storage from oregano oil and cranberry pulp diet supplementation in pigs
Authors: Fortier M. P. , Saucier L. , Guay F.
Published: November 2012

Fortier, M. P., Saucier, L. and Guay, F. 2012. Effects on microbial quality of fresh pork loin during storage from oregano oil and cranberry pulp diet supplementation in pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 92: 465–471. Oregano oil and ground cranberry pulp supplements were added to the diets of finishing pigs to determine their antimicrobial effects on fresh loin during storage at 2±1°C. Two doses of oil (250 and 500 mg kg−1) and three doses of cranberry (5, 10 and 20 g kg−1) were tested according to a factorial experimental design. The control group did not receive any supplements. The meat was vacuum packed and analyzed after 0, 23, 45 and 60 d. Samples were re-packaged under aerobic conditions after 0 or 23 d and analyzed after 4, 8 and 12 d. Microbial analysis was performed periodically throughout the experiment. Initial cell counts were below detection level for total aerobic mesophilic (TAM) (<102 cfu g−1), Pseudomonas spp. (<102 cfu g−1), presumptive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (<102 cfu g−1), and Escherichia coli and coliform counts (<101 cfu g−1). No significant difference in TAM counts was observed between all of the six different treatments and the control group except for samples packaged at day 0 under aerobic conditions after 12 d of storage where a significant effect of the supplementation was observed (P<0.03). Under anaerobic conditions, LAB were not affected and remained the predominant microflora despite antimicrobial treatments.
Genetic overlap of QTL associated with low-temperature tolerance at germination and seedling stage using BILs in soybean
Authors: Zhang Wen-Bo , Jiang Hong-wei , Qiu Peng-Cheng , Liu Chun-Yan , Chen Fei-Long , Xin Da-Wei , Li Can-Dong , Hu Guo-Hua , Chen Qing-Shan
Published: November 2012

Zhang, W.-B., Jiang, H.-W., Qiu, P.-C., Liu, C.-Y., Chen, F.-L., Xin, D.-W., Li, C.-D., Hu, G.-H. and Chen, Q.-S. 2012. Genetic overlap of QTL associated with low-temperature tolerance at germination and seedling stage using BILs in soybean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1381–1388. Low temperature is one of the critical environmental factors that limit agricultural production worldwide. In northeast China soybean frequently suffers low temperature stress, especially at germination stage and seedling stage. The most effective way to solve this problem is to breed cultivars with low-temperature tolerance. A set of advanced backcross introgression lines was constructed with Hongfeng 11 as recurrent parent, which was a local variety in Heilongjiang province, and Harosoy as donor parent, which was introduced from Canada. Their BC2F4lines were screened in low-temperature condition at the two stages, and 41 transgressive lines were selected out at germination stage and 45 lines at seedling stage. Sixty-four and fifty-one pairs of simple sequence repeat primers with fine polymorphism were used for genotyping the selected population and random population at the two stages, respectively. Related quantitative trait loci (QTL) were obtained by chi-test and ANOVA analysis with genotypic and phenotypic data. Finally, 25 QTL at germination stage and 13 QTL at seedling stage were mapped. Among them, 10 QTL overlapped between two stages, which showed a partial genetic crossover on low-temperature tolerance stages in soybean. This would play an important role in marker-assisted selection for breeding elite variety with low-temperature tolerance at both stages.
Bacterial nitrous oxide reductase expressed in transgenic plants: Evidence for sufficient anaerobicity to permit activity
Authors: Wan Shen , Goto Kagami , Mottiar Yaseen , Staebler Julianne M. , Johnson Amanda M. , Voronova Anastassia , Blais David R. , Zaidi Mohsin A. , Altosaar Illimar
Published: November 2012

Wan, S., Goto, K., Mottiar, Y., Staebler, J. M., Johnson, A. M., Voronova, A., Blais, D. R., Zaidi, M. A. and Altosaar, I. 2012. Bacterial nitrous oxide reductase expressed in transgenic plants: Evidence for sufficient anaerobicity to permit activity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1283–1294. Soil nitrogen enrichment practices enhance crop yields but greatly exacerbate the production and release of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas. The conversion of N2O to dinitrogen (N2) in soil denitrifiers is normally driven by the anaerobic enzyme nitrous oxide reductase (N2OR). Since this step is often limited in fertilised soils, we have transferred this unique microbial biocatalyst from the soil bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri to transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants. Our results confirm that engineered plants expressing the N2OR structural gene nosZ are capable of producing functional reductase enzyme without the involvement of the native accessory gene products. Since bacterial N2OR normally exists in the anaerobic environment of the soil bacterium's periplasmic space, this novel in planta activity suggests that plant cells can provide a similar hypoxic refuge for anaerobic enzyme activity. Genetically engineered crops containing N2OR could have considerable potential in the phytoremediation of atmospheric N2O.
Short Communication: Yield trend analysis of an ageing timothy sward using a modelling approach
Authors: Jing Qi , Bélanger Gilles
Published: November 2012

Jing, Q. and Bélanger, G. 2012. Short Communication:Yield trend analysis of an ageing timothy sward using a modelling approach. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1263–1266. Observed and simulated potential dry matter (DM) yields of the timothy (Phleum pratense L.) primary growth were compared to disentangle the yield trend from the effect of year-to-year climatic variations in an ageing sward (1 to 7 yr). Observed DM yields were close to simulated potential DM yields in the first 4 yr, but they were around 60% of simulated potential DM yields in the last 3 yr. This confirms that variations in air temperature and/or solar radiation could not explain the lower DM yield observed in the last three production years.
Vegetative propagation of kura clover: A field-scale test
Authors: Baker John M.
Published: November 2012

Baker, J. M. 2012. Vegetative propagation of kura clover: a field-scale test. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1245–1251. Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) is a potentially valuable forage legume, but it has been underutilized. A major reason is the difficulty of establishing it from seed. Since kura is rhizomatous, there have been attempts to propagate it vegetatively, but no reports of success at the field scale. Two harvesting methods were tested to transplant material from a mature 17-ha field to a newly tilled 17-ha field: a bermudagrass sprigger that harvests bare rhizome sprigs, and a potato digger that harvests crowns and rhizomes, along with soil. The harvested propagules were distributed over the new field in July 2010 with a manure spreader, then disked and packed. Survival and growth were observed for the remainder of 2010 and through 2011, and recovery of the source field was also monitored. The material harvested with the sprigger did not compete well with weeds and had virtually disappeared by midsummer 2011, but the material harvested with the potato digger thrived, steadily increasing to nearly 80% of the biomass in the new field by the 3rd cutting in summer 2011. Properly done, vegetative propagation is a viable option for kura clover establishment.
Lower levels of harvest traffic on alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) have minimal impact on long-term yields
Authors: Rechel Eric , Novotny Tim , Ott Rick
Published: November 2012

Rechel, E., Novotny, T. and Ott, R. 2012. Lower levels of harvest traffic on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) have minimal impact on long-term yields. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1253–1258. Studies quantifying the effect of harvest traffic on alfalfa yield often only analyze data from treatments where either 0% or 100% of the surface area of the field is trafficked. These do not represent traffic patterns in commercial alfalfa production operations. To further understand the impact of field traffic on alfalfa yield, different percentages of traffic at harvest were analyzed. Our objectives were to quantify the yield produced from different intensities of harvest traffic throughout a 4-yr production cycle. The experimental units were furrow-irrigated raised bed systems with four harvests per year on a Youngston clay loam. A John Deere 2955, weighing 4004 kg, trafficked 0, 21, 42, or 83% of the area of alfalfa plots 7 d after swathing. The 0, 21, and 42 % trafficked treatments did not reduce yield in any year. The 83% trafficked alfalfa had 7 and 10% lower yields in the second and third years of production but had no effect the first and fourth years. The cumulative 4-yr yield from the 83% trafficked alfalfa was 7% lower than the 0% trafficked alfalfa. Single passes of a tractor impacting a high percentage of the field (83%) decreased yearly yield but was not detectable until the second year. Yield was the same whether the experimental units received 0 or 42% traffic.
Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil
Authors: Miller Robert T. , Soltani Nader , Robinson Darren E. , Kraus Trevor E. , Sikkema Peter H.
Published: November 2012

Miller, R. T., Soltani, N., Robinson, D. E., Kraus, T. E. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Soybean (Glycine max) cultivar tolerance to saflufenacil. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1319–1328. Six field studies were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009 and 2010) at three Ontario locations to determine the sensitivity of 12 glyphosate-resistant soybean cultivars to saflufenacil applied preemergence (PRE). The level of crop injury was dependent on environmental conditions shortly after application. When soybean emergence was delayed due to cool, wet conditions following planting, 52 and 59 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in 10% injury 1 wk after emergence (WAE) in cultivars OAC Hanover and RCAT Matrix, respectively. In the other environments, greater than 200 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil was required to induce the same level of injury at 1 WAE. Injury decreased with time; however, the more sensitive soybean cultivars were unable to recover from early-season injury sustained under adverse environmental conditions. A hydroponic bioassay was developed to screen differences in soybean tolerance to saflufenacil. OAC Hanover was more sensitive than all the other cultivars in both field and hydroponic testing (P<0.05). OAC Hanover yield was reduced regardless of environmental conditions. Under cool, wet conditions, 22 g a.i. ha−1 of saflufenacil resulted in a 10% yield reduction, while 46 g a.i. ha−1 was needed under warm dry conditions. All other cultivars required between 82 and 146 g a.i. ha−1 to obtain the same level of yield reduction. This research demonstrates that there is a difference in soybean cultivar sensitivity to saflufenacil applied PRE.
AAC Tundra great northern dry bean
Authors: Balasubramanian P. M. , Mündel H.-H. , Conner R. L. , Hou A.
Published: November 2012

Balasubramanian, P. M., Mündel, H.-H., Conner, R. L. and Hou, A. 2012. AAC Tundra great northern dry bean. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1403–1405. AAC Tundra is a high-yielding, early-maturing great northern bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with an upright, indeterminate bush growth habit with long vines (Type IIb). AAC Tundra was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC) Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB. AAC Tundra has a large seed size and improved field resistance to white mould compared with the check cultivar AC Polaris. AAC Tundra is suitable for irrigated wide row production in Alberta and Saskatchewan.
Seedling root length inBrassica napusL. is indicative of seed yield
Authors: Koscielny C. B. , Gulden R. H.
Published: November 2012

Koscielny C. B. and Gulden R. H. 2012. Seedling root length in Brassica napus L. is indicative of seed yield. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1229–1237. Recent studies have shown relationships between root growth and development and seed production potential in some crops; however, little is known about this relationship in Brassica napus. Field and growth room experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between root parameters up to the four-leaf stage and seed yield among a group of four open-pollinated and four hybrid B. napus genotypes with different yield potential. In the field studies, root length was the best indicator of seed yield at the one- to two-leaf and the three- to four-leaf stages of development, and was one of the most consistent parameters among sites and years. Poor ability to recover fine roots from field soils at the cotyledon stage contributed to the relatively poor relationships between root parameters and seed yield compared with shoot parameters at this developmental stage. The growth room study clearly showed that root length is an excellent measure of seedling vigour and an indicator of seed yield as early as 7 d after imbibition. These studies demonstrate the importance of early root development in canola and its potential as a screening trait for seed yield in breeding programs.
Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the roots of Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to aluminum toxicity
Authors: Karuppanapandian T. , Rhee S-J. , Kim E-J. , Han B. K. , Hoekenga O. A. , Lee G. P.
Published: November 2012

Karuppanapandian, T., Rhee, S.-J., Kim, E.-J., Han, B. K., Hoekenga, O. A. and Lee, G. P. 2012. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the roots of Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to aluminum-toxicity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1267–1282. Aluminum (Al) is phytotoxic when solubilized into Al3+ in acidic soils and represents a major constraint for crop production. The present study describes Al-stress responses in roots of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive Arabidopsis ecotypes, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), respectively. Comparative proteomic analysis was applied to plants grown in hydroponic solution culture under acidic pH (4.2) conditions. To investigate time-dependent responses, 6-d-old seedlings were treated with 30 µM AlCl3 for 24, 48, or 72 h; total proteins were prepared from roots and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). From 2-DE analysis, were 600 proteins were inspected, 29 proteins were differentially responsive to Al-treatment. The 2-DE patterns were compared and differentially expressed proteins identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Analysis of protein expression patterns revealed that a set of proteins is functionally associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis, reactive oxygen quenching and detoxification mechanism, and signal transduction pathways, etc., could play important roles in mediating plant response to Al in Arabidopsis ecotypes. Comparison of the changes in the protein profiles revealed that Al-stress increased Al-tolerance related proteins in Al-tolerant Col-0, but only generic stress responses occurred in Al-sensitive Ler. Specifically, Al up-regulated proteins such as alcohol dehydrogenase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran-2, and leucine aminopeptidase in Col-0 but not in Ler.
Double Ball Property for non-divergence horizontally elliptic operators on step two Carnot groups
Authors: Tralli Giulio
Published: November 2012

Let

\mathcal L

be a linear second order horizontally elliptic operator on a Carnot group of step two. We assume

\mathcal L

in non-divergence form and with measurable coefficients. Then, we prove the
Double Ball Property
for the nonnegative sub-solutions of

\mathcal L

. With our result, in order to solve the Harnack inequality problem for this kind of operators, it becomes sufficient to prove the so called

\epsilon

-
Critical Density
.
Well posedness of Fokker–Planck equations for generators of time-inhomogeneous Markovian transition probabilities
Authors: Da Prato Giuseppe , Röckner Michael
Published: November 2012

The aim of this paper is to study existence and uniqueness for Fokker–Planck equations for operators being generators of time-inhomogeneous Markovian transition probabilities.
Sets of type (3, $h$) in PG(3, $q$)
Authors: Napolitano Vito , Olanda Domenico
Published: November 2012

In this paper, a complete classification of subsets of points of PG(3,

q

) of type (3,

q

+3) with respect to planes is given.
Onset of convection for ternary fluid mixtures saturating horizontal porous layers with large pores
Authors: Capone Florinda , De Luca Roberta
Published: November 2012

Ternary fluid mixtures saturating horizontal porous layers with large pores, uniformly rotating around the vertical axis, are investigated. The layers are heated from below, salted from above and from below by two salts. The stabilizing effects of both the rotation and Brinkman terms on the conduction solution are analyzed.
Openness and discreteness for mappings of finite distortion
Authors: Hencl Stanislav , Rajala Kai
Published: November 2012

We give an overview of some recent results concerning openness and discreteness for mappings of finite distortion.
Bisobolev mappings and homeomorphisms with finite distortion
Authors: Passarelli di Napoli Antonia
Published: November 2012

Let

\Omega

and

\Omega'

be bounded open sets in

\mathbb R^n, n\ge 2

, and let

\mathrm{Hom}(\Omega;\Omega')

the class of homeomorphisms

f\colon \Omega\to \Omega'

. We illustrated some properties of bisobolev homeomorphisms and their connections with homeomorphisms with finite distortion.
Luzin’s condition (N) and Sobolev mappings
Authors: Koskela Pekka , Malý Jan , Zürcher Thomas
Published: November 2012

For the purpose of change of variables in integral, it is important to know how to verify Luzin’s condition (N) for Sobolev mappings. In this article we survey some results on this topic sorted according to the method. We discuss the method of absolute continuity, results obtained via degree, and results based on the interplay between integrability and modulus of continuity.
A remark on optimal weighted Poincaré inequalities for convex domains
Authors: Ferone Vincenzo , Nitsch Carlo , Trombetti Cristina
Published: November 2012

We prove a sharp upper bound on convex domains, in terms of the diameter alone, of the best constant in a class of weighted Poincaré inequalities. The key point is the study of an optimal weighted Wirtinger inequality.
Option Pricing of Weather Derivatives for Seoul
Authors: Kim Jiwoon , Sheen Dongwoo , Shin Sungwon
Published: November 2012

This article analyses temperature data for Seoul based on a well defined daily average temperature (DAT) derived from records dating from 1954 to 2009, and considers related weather derivatives using a previous methodology. The temperature data exhibit some quite distinctive features, compared to other cities that have been considered before. Thus Seoul has: (i) four clear seasons; (ii) a significant seasonal range, with high temperature and humidity in the summer but low temperature and very dry weather in winter; and (iii) cycles of three cold days and four warmer days in winter. Due to these characteristics, seasonal variance and oscillation in Seoul is more apparent in winter and less evident in summer than in the other cities. We construct a deterministic model for the average temperature and then simulate future weather patterns, before pricing various weather derivative options and calculating the market price of risk (MPR).