bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of transmission line lightning performance on an operational substation reliability considering the lightning stroke incidence angle
Authors: Hamel T. , Bedoui S. , Bayadi A.
Published: January 2025

Introduction. This study investigates substation failures caused by lightning strikes, which significantly affect operational reliability. Given the random nature of lightning strikes, a robust statistical approach is essential for accurately assessing their effects. Method. The research develops a comprehensive procedure to analyse the random distribution of non-vertical lightning strikes on transmission lines using the Monte Carlo method, a widely recognized statistical simulation technique. The goal of this work is to evaluate the performance of air-insulated substations under various lightning strike scenarios affecting the connected transmission lines. This is assessed in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF), determined by the basic insulation level of the equipment. The study incorporates both vertical and non-vertical strikes to address a critical gap in the literature, offering practical insights to enhance the reliability and safety of air-insulated substations. By considering the angle of lightning strikes, the study improves the accuracy of evaluating lightning performance using precise modelling of system components. Results. MATLAB and EMTP software were used to simulate and analyse the substation’s response to lightning-induced surges at various strike angles. The results are more representative of real-world conditions and reveal that non-vertical lightning strikes significantly reduce MTBF, underscoring the importance of advanced protective measures. Practical value. The findings highlight the necessity of accounting for the angle of lightning strikes when assessing substation reliability. References 32, table 4, figures 13.
THE INFLUENCE OF BODY TYPE, STRENGTH, AND FLEXIBILITY ON INJURY OCCURRENCE AMONG STOK BINA GUNA STUDENTS IN ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS SUBJECT
Authors: Lubis Hafiz Yazid , Isnandar Muhammad , Waruwu Rahmad Sentosa , Sillaban Putra Anugrah
Published: January 2025

Objectives—This pilot project, aimed at investigating body type, strength, and flexibility as risk factors for injury amongst Bina Guna College of Sports and Health Students, has yielded significant findings. Methods—Fifteen subjects volunteered to participate in the present study. An ex-post facto study design using independent samples was employed. Injury history was established through the use of a questionnaire. From this information, each individual's injury status was categorized as "high" or "low" using a previously designed and validated scoring system. Body-type ratings were determined, followed by tests to assess muscular endurance, strength, and flexibility. Results—A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed no significant difference between groups of low and high injury rates and the dependent variables selected. However, the univariate analysis suggested trends indicating that the low-injury subjects were more flexible (back extension and ankle dorsiflexion) than those who reported more injuries (P=0.013). Independent t-tests revealed that between groups of low and high injury rates, there were significant age differences (P=0.002), stature (P=0.006), body mass (P=0.001), and years of gymnastics training (P=0.016). Conclusions—In the present study, strength, and body type proved not to be good indicators of an individual's susceptibility to injury. However, trends suggest low flexibility levels may predispose a gymnast to injury. The incidence of injury may also be related to the number of years an individual has participated in competitive gymnastics. In addition, older, taller, and heavier gymnasts may be at greater risk of injuries. These findings are crucial for the development of tailored training methods and injury prevention strategies, and they have significant implications for coaches in selecting and training future gymnasts
Анализ динамики эпидемического процесса COVID-19 в мире за неделю с 18.01.2025 г. по 24.01.2025 г.
Authors: Зимирова Анастасия , Поспелов Михаил , Иванова Александра , Дмитриева Людмила , Чумачкова Елена , Карнаухов Игорь , Щербакова Светлана , Кутырев Владимир
Published: January 2025

В обзоре представлен анализ эпидемиологической ситуации в странах мира по COVID-19 за неделю с 18.01.2025 г. по 24.01.2025 г.
Delayed Surgery Increases the Rate of Infection in Closed Diaphyseal Tibial and Femoral Fractures
Authors: Subramanian Aditya , Gomez-Alvarado Francisco , O’Marr Jamieson , Flores Michael , Adejuyigbe Babapelumi , Ali Syed , Rodarte Patricia , Elsevier Hannah , Cortez Abigail , Urva Mayur , Morshed Saam , Shearer David
Published: January 2025

Background:

Although delays in musculoskeletal care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are well documented in the open fracture literature, the impact of surgical delays on closed fractures is not well understood. This study aimed to assess the impact of surgical delay on the risk of infection in closed long-bone fractures treated with intramedullary nailing in LMICs.

Methods:

Using the SIGN (Surgical Implant Generation Network) Surgical Database, patients ≥16 years of age who were treated with intramedullary nailing for closed diaphyseal femoral and tibial fractures from January 2018 to December 2021 were identified. Infection was diagnosed based on the assessment by the treating surgeon. A logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounders, was used to analyze the association between delays to surgery (in weeks) and infection.

Results:

Of the 9,477 closed fractures that were included in this study, 58% were femoral fractures and 42% were tibial fractures. The mean age was 35 years, and 76.2% of the patients were men. The mean delay to surgery was 10.5 days, and the median delay to surgery was 6 days. The overall infection rate was 3.1%. The odds of developing an infection increased by 9.2% with each week of delayed surgical treatment (odds ratio,1.092; 95% confidence interval, 1.042 to 1.145). Increasing delays were also associated with longer surgery duration and higher rates of open reduction.

Conclusions:

Surgical delays in LMICs were associated with an increased risk of infection in closed long-bone fractures. This study quantified the increased risk of infection due to delays in receiving care, highlighting the importance of timely surgery for closed fractures in LMICs.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparación del grado de conversión de dos resinas compuestas antes y después de la optimización térmica de la polimerización. Estudio in vitro
Authors:   , Flores Gutierrez Handy Jonathan
Published: January 2025

El propósito del presente estudio fue comparar el grado de conversión de las resinas Filtek Z350 XT y Estelite® Posterior antes y después de tratamiento térmico postcurado. Los especímenes fueron distribuidos en 4 grupos (n=5): grupo 1 (Filtek Z350 XT), grupo 2 (Estelite® posterior) ambos fotoactivados; Grupo 3 (Filtek Z350 XT) y Grupo 4 (Estelite® posterior) fotoactivados y con tratamiento térmico postcurado. Todas las muestras fueron medidas 24 horas después de la elaboración empleando el espectrofotómetro RAMAN (estima las variaciones que hay en los picos de altura de las intensidades de absorción del enlace alifático de carbonos a 1637 cm -1 y de la intensidad de la absorción del enlace aromático de carbonos a 1609 cm -1). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que existe diferencia significativa (p<0,05) al comparar el grado de conversión en cada uno de los grupos estudiados, hallándose valores más elevados, para la marca Estelite® posterior, al ser solo fotoactivado y también luego del tratamiento térmico postcurado. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos las resinas Estelite® posterior mostraron un mayor grado de conversión en comparación con las resinas Filtek Z350 XT tanto antes (73.2% vs 47.9%) como después (78.9% vs 64.5%) del tratamiento térmico postcurado.
Efectividad y seguridad del bloqueo del plano del erector espinal eco guiado vs anestesia epidural en pacientes sometidos a cirugía de tórax y mama de un hospital público peruano
Authors:   , Huamani Mamani Jorge David
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: La presente investigación tiene por objetivo el evaluar la efectividad del bloqueo del plano del erector espinal guiado por ecografía en pacientes sometidos a cirugías de tórax y mama en el Hospital María Auxiliadora durante el periodo de enero a diciembre de 2025. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio observacional, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo. Se contará con una muestra de 150 pacientes, divida en grupo control (Anestesia por catéter) y de intervención (ESP) de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión. La variable nivel de dolor se medirá a través de la EVA.
Autopercepción estética de la sonrisa y calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral en adolescentes peruanos
Authors:   , Perez Perez Nicholle Antonet , Choque Ccalle Diana Lizeth
Published: January 2025

Objetivo: Relacionar la autopercepción estética de la sonrisa (AES) y la calidad de vida relacionada a la salud oral (CVrSO) en adolescentes. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio analítico transversal realizado en una muestra de 270 escolares (50,7% mujeres) de 12 a 18 años (edad media: 14,91 ± 1,98 años) de un colegio público de Lima. Dos cuestionarios sobre el Impacto de Satisfacción de la Sonrisa relacionada con la Calidad de Vida (SPIRQoL) y el Impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida» (OHIP-14) fueron traducidos y adaptados demostrando su validez (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin ≥ 0,9; Test Bartlett P < 0,001) y confiabilidad (α ≥ 0,893) antes de ser aplicados de forma presencial. Las pruebas estadísticas de U de Mann-Whitney, Chi cuadrado y correlación de Spearman fueron utilizadas a un P < 0,05. Resultados: La mayoría de los adolescentes tuvieron un nivel positivo de la AES (88,9%) y un nivel bajo de la CVrSO (58,5%). El puntaje de SPIRQoL fue de 13 [IQR = 14] y el de OHIP-14 fue de 5 [IQR = 12]. El puntaje de SPIRQoL no se asoció a la edad (P ≥ 0,05), pero resultó superior en las mujeres que en comparación a los varones (P = 0,025). El puntaje de OHIP-14 fue similar por sexo y edad. Una correlación alta positiva se encontró entre el puntaje total y el parcial ajustado por sexo y edad entre el SPIRQoL y el OHIP-14 (rho = 0,665 - 0,666; P < 0,01). Conclusiones: La AES y la CVrSO en los adolescentes se encontraron altamente relacionadas, independientemente del sexo y la edad.
Efectividad de intervención educativa en conocimiento y prácticas de lactancia materna de madres con niños menores de dos años, Lima Sur
Authors:   , Jimenez Cornejo Estrellita Victoria , Malasquez Alejos Priscila Keren
Published: January 2025

Los beneficios de la lactancia materna son tanto como para los recién nacidos como para las madres en diferentes ámbitos para su salud, sin embargo, para poder realizarlas adecuadamente se necesita de conocimientos sobre esta actividad que es la lactancia materna por ello es importante para los profesionales de la salud educar a las madres y así puedan estar informadas para potenciar una correcta práctica.Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención educativa en el conocimiento y práctica de la lactancia materna de madres de niños menores de dos años del centro de Salud Villa San Luis. Metodología: Estudio cuantitativo, de diseño cuasi experimental de tipo aplicado y cohorte longitudinal, con población de 100 madres asistentes del centro de salud Villa San Luis - Lima, Perú; se desarrolló un Programa educativo sobre lactancia materna, las madres fueron agrupadas al día en 4 grupos de 25 madres, divididas en turno mañana - tarde, los instrumentos utilizados antes y después de las sesiones educativas fueron un “Cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos de lactancia materna” y “Guía de técnica de lactancia materna”. Resultados: Se evidencio un nivel de conocimiento errados (74.0%) e inadecuada práctica de amamantamiento (86.0%) antes de las sesiones, luego de las intervenciones los porcentajes aumentaron a un nivel de conocimiento bueno (85.0%) y práctica adecuada (90.0%). De acuerdo con la prueba de Mcnemar hay un cambio estadísticamente significativo (p<0.05). Conclusión: La intervención educativa fue efectiva al incrementar significativamente los niveles de las variables de estudio (conocimientos y practicas) en madres con niños menores de dos años.
Hacia un desarrollo financiero inclusivo: análisis de factores clave para la aprobación de créditos a las PYME mediante la alineación de las redes neuronales artificiales y los ODS
Authors: Restrepo-Morales Jorge Aníbal , Maldonado Gallón Ángela María , López Tovar Pablo , López-Cadavid Diego Alejandro
Published: January 2025

Este estudio se enfoca en el contexto de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) con el objetivo de identificar los factores clave que influyen en el otorgamiento de crédito a las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PYME) y su alineación con los principios de sostenibilidad. El artículo pretende brindar a las instituciones financieras y a las PYME información valiosa para la toma de decisiones relacionadas con la solicitud de préstamos y la gestión financiera en general. Además, se destaca la importancia de la adecuada implementación de indicadores financieros, el nivel de ingresos anuales, las garantías ofrecidas y la solvencia económica como factores cruciales para la aprobación de préstamos a las PYME. El objetivo del artículo es promover un entorno financiero más inclusivo y sostenible, impulsando así el crecimiento económico y el desarrollo productivo en Colombia y especialmente en las pequeñas comunidades. Para ello, se entrevistaron 96 PYME y se implementó un modelo de red neuronal artificial para predecir el rechazo/aceptación de préstamos a una PYME con base en los valores asociados a las variables independientes propuestas. En cuanto a los resultados, los pesos en las variables independientes reflejaron que la aprobación de crédito de las PYMES del municipio de Santa Rosa de Osos dependía de la gestión de los indicadores financieros (19%), los ingresos anuales (16,4%) y la disponibilidad de garantías (16,2%) y la solvencia económica (16,1%). Los resultados de este estudio tienen implicaciones de largo alcance para las PYMES y el sector financiero en general. Las empresas necesitan abordar la implementación de métricas financieras, contabilidad adecuada, presencia de garantías de los prestamistas, apalancamiento apropiado, cumplimiento normativo e historial crediticio para aumentar sus posibilidades de obtener un préstamo.
WITHDRAWN: CT Imaging-based Radiomics Predicts the Therapeutic Efficacy of 89 Sr in Treating Tumor-Induced Bone Metastases
Authors: Fang Danzhou , Fan Yongzeng , Xiao Yaofeng , Xu Zhenchun , Zhou Shunhao , Tian Yan , Shi Feng , Xia Yuwei , Yuan Gengbiao , Xiang XiaoJiao
Published: January 2025

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Is the Mandated EV-Ready Policy by the Local Government Truly Electric Vehicle (EV) Ready?
Authors: Lou Jiehong , Gupta Aayushi , Niemeier Deb
Published: January 2025

EV-integrated building codes serve as one of the innovative tools that local government, such as cities and county administrations, can implement to promote electric vehicle (EV) adoption. Despite the importance of this policy, there is less evidence demonstrating its impact. In this study, we analyzed EV registration data from Maryland spanning 1999 to 2024 to evaluate the effectiveness of EV-ready policies in the building sector implemented by local governments on EV adoption. Using a synthetic difference-in-differences design, we found that EV-ready policies resulted in a 0.25 increase in EVs per census block, corresponding to an 8% rise in EV adoption directly attributable to the policy. Moreover, our analysis of the distributional effects of this policy reveals that the benefits are predominantly realized by communities with higher incomes and greater concentrations of single-family dwellings. These findings carry significant policy implications for local governments seeking to foster more equitable EV adoption and contribute to the broader discussion on how to motivate local governments to take more ambitious actions in addressing global climate challenges.
Concurrent diffusion of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and fluorescent cholesterol disclosed by two-colour sub-millisecond MINFLUX-based single-molecule tracking
Authors: Eggeling Christian , Barrantes Francisco , Reina Francesco , Saavedra Lucas
Published: January 2025

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ubiquitous neurotransmitter receptors predominantly located at the cell-surface of neurons and muscle cells. Their dynamics affect synaptogenesis at neurodevelopmental stages and the efficacy of synaptic transmission in the adult synapse. Here we exploit the enhanced capabilities of superresolution fluorescence MINFLUX microscopy to track for minute-long periods with nanometric precision and sub-millisecond time resolution the 2D translational dynamics of the bungarotoxin-labelled adult muscle-type nAChR in tandem with a fluorescent cholesterol analogue. To this end, we implemented a multiplexing procedure in continuous MINFLUX microscopy that enabled the simultaneous excitation of the two molecules using a single wavelength, followed by discrimination of their emissions via differential ratiometric recording. Single-molecule trajectories displayed a heterogeneous spectrum of diffusive behaviours (subdiffusive, Brownian and superdiffusive), with a predominance of the subdiffusive component, which became less pronounced upon cholesterol depletion. nAChRs spent most of their lifetime in confined areas of characteristic size (~ 0.005 µm2) lasting for ~ 100 ms. Further, MINFLUX captured regions where nAChR and fluorescent cholesterol moved jointly, both in confinement sojourns and along the free Brownian walks, which strongly indicated mutual interactions between the receptor macromolecule and the neutral lipid. To the best of our knowledge, this study constitutes the first series of experiments showing the diffusion dynamics of a transmembrane protein -a functionally important neurotransmitter receptor- together with a key membrane lipid in the native plasma membrane of a live cell at such high detail, thanks to the MINFLUX-based recordings.
Atlantic atmospheric rivers and the pulse of deep Mediterranean respiration
Authors: Sierro Francisco , Tarruella Javier , Jimenez-Espejo Francisco , Hodell David
Published: January 2025

The Mediterranean is a saline sea because it exports moisture to the atmosphere1. Over the last million years, however, the Mediterranean has experienced abrupt declines in salinity that have collapsed the deep thermohaline circulation and caused bottom water anoxia each time the Earth has approached perihelion during the northern hemisphere summer2,3. For decades, this has been attributed to freshwater discharge from the Nile or increased precipitation in the Mediterranean basin2,3. However, the impact of past changes in the atmospheric moisture balance has been little explored. In this study, we show that these low salinity episodes were triggered by a reduced net export of moisture to the atmosphere due to enhanced mid-latitude Atlantic atmospheric water transport, affecting its salinity, deep ventilation and water exchange with the Atlantic. This conclusion is supported by the observation of low surface salinity events in the westernmost Mediterranean coinciding with events of heavy winter precipitation along the Atlantic Iberian Margin, which is the main gateway of moisture into the Mediterranean. These events were triggered by equatorward shifts of the main route of atmospheric rivers during persistent negative phases of the Arctic Oscillation at times of boreal summer insolation maxima.
Advanced Landslide Early Warning System Based on a Semi-supervised Model in Highly Urbanized Areas across China's Greater Bay Area
Authors: Yu Haixia , Jin Yi , He Kunlong , Yu Xuan
Published: January 2025

Landslides are a significant global geological hazard, with adverse and far for human life, the economy and the natural environment on an annual basis worldwide. Accurately estimating the spatial and temporal distribution of landslide probability is crucial for reducing these losses. Nevertheless, existing landslide warning systems may fail to consider the selection of non-landslide samples and the dynamic process of landslides, potentially compromising the accuracy of landslide warning systems. This study explores the impact of different selections of non-landslide samples and satellite rainfall datasets on the early warning model for landslides in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Through Pearson correlation analysis, critical factors associated with landslide occurrences were identified, including elevation, slope, aspect, distance to roads and rivers, soil type, plan curvature, profile curvature, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). In this study, a semi-supervised random forest (SSRF) model incorporating frequency ratios (FR) to evaluate landslide susceptibility in the GBA. The susceptibility and rainfall threshold model were subsequently combined into a dynamic landslide hazard warning system through a matrix approach. The findings revealed that the maximum area under the curve (AUC) value for a landslide to non-landslide ratio of 1:4 is 0.973. The very high susceptibility zone is typically located between 125 and 250 meters away from roads. Moreover, the validation phase yielded successful predictions for 67 out of 96 landslide events, thereby providing effective early warning and a reference point for disaster mitigation and prevention.
Glycan specificities under in vitro and in silico environments and expression of a C-type lectin-HiL from the larvae of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens
Authors: Kannan Sruthi , Sreeram Bhuvaragavan , Kumbalingam Monica , Peroor Mahidev Ayikkara , Sundaram Janarthanan
Published: January 2025

Lectins, known as haemagglutinins, are multivalent proteins of non-immune origin, that have sugar-binding specificity and play an important role in the immune defense functions of the invertebrates. In the present study, a calcium-dependent sialic acid-specific haemagglutinin was detected and characterized from the haemolymph of the larvae of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens. The haemagglutinin showed the highest titre value of 64 against mouse and rabbit erythrocytes following rat with a titre value of 16. The haemagglutinin was heat-labile, cation-dependent especially calcium, and sensitive to EDTA. Among the carbohydrates tested, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) strongly inhibited the haemagglutinating activity of serum against mouse and rabbit erythrocytes with a MIC of 12.5 mM. Among the three glycoproteins tested, only thyroglobulin inhibited the activity against mouse and rabbit erythrocytes with a MIC of 3.90 µg/ml. The relative expression of lectin gene using RT-qPCR based on the primers designed to a specific amplified gene fragment of 709 bp revealed almost its equal expression in fat body, gut and haemocytes. In silico analysis on the sequence of lectin gene showed beta-galactoside binding domains. Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation studies uncovered a strong affinity of H. illucens haemolymph lectin to NANA among various glycans tested.
Establishing a Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO) Model with Simplified Surgical Tools: A Resource-Efficient Strategy for Stroke Research
Authors: Nayak Amit R , Husain Aliabbas , Baksh Jawad , Kalorey Dewanand R. , Kurkurey Nitin , Borkar Chandrashekhar D. , Kokare Dadasaheb M. , a Lokendra Singh , Daginawala Hatim F. , Kashyap Rajpal S
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to develop a cost-effective middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model in rats using an intraluminal suture method with a magnifying glass lens, an alternative to a surgical microscope. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent MCAO surgery, and neurological deficits were assessed post-surgery. Neurological scores were significantly higher in MCAO rats (mean score 3.5 ± 0.5) compared to sham-operated controls (mean score 0.5 ± 0.2) (p < 0.001). 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining revealed significant infarction in the ischemic region (mean infarct volume 45.2 ± 5.6%), while no infarct was observed in sham-operated controls (0%). Histopathological analysis confirmed ischemic damage, and immunofluorescence staining showed reduced NeuN (62.4% ± 8.2%) and GFAP (70.3% ± 7.5%) expression in the ischemic cortex compared to sham (p < 0.01). Brain water content was significantly higher in the ischemic hemisphere (82.5% ± 2.1%) compared to the contralateral hemisphere (78.4% ± 1.3%) (p < 0.05). The magnifying glass lens-based technique provided a reliable, cost-effective alternative for MCAO surgery, maintaining high reproducibility. This model can be used for preclinical stroke research, neuroprotective studies, and investigating ischemic pathophysiology, especially in resource-limited settings. Overall, the magnifying glass lens MCAO model proves to be an effective tool for stroke research and translational studies in low-resource environments.
Coupling of Geodesic Acoustic Modes and Resonant Magnetic Perturbations in Fusion Plasmas
Authors: Li Jingchun , Lu Zhaoyang , Xu Jianqiang , Lin Z. , Lin Xiaodong , Luo Jingting , Liu Yong , Xiao C. J. , Dong Jiaqi , Shi Zhongbing , Zhong Wulyu ,   HL-2A team
Published: January 2025

An analysis of the statistical spectral characteristics of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), geodesic acoustic modes (GAMs), and their nonlinear coupling with ambient turbulence in the edge region of the HL-2A tokamak has been performed. Experimental observations reveal that RMPs significantly affect low-frequency fluctuations and large-scale turbulence. We present the first direct evidence that increasing RMP current weakens the coupling between GAMs and other frequency modes. Specifically, the amplitude of GAMs decreases as the RMP current increases, with larger RMP currents leading to a more pronounced suppression of GAMs. Moreover, the radial correlation length of turbulence is found to strongly correlate with the increase in RMP current and the reduction of zonal flows. Advanced causal analysis further demonstrates that the radial magnetic field (Br) and poloidal flows (Ẽr) exhibit a distinct modulation at a frequency consistent with GAMs, with a phase shift of π, which is modulated by RMP perturbations. These results provide new insights into the impact of RMPs on edge transport, highlighting the dominant role of the interaction between RMP-induced magnetic perturbations, GAMs, and ambient microturbulence in governing edge plasma behavior.
Pericytes are organ-specific regulators of tissue morphogenesis
Authors: Adams Ralf , Rasouli Seyed Javad , Kruse Kai , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo , Ghanbari Parisa , Aravamudhan Anusha , Pitulescu Mara
Published: January 2025

Blood vessels provide a versatile and adaptable transport system, but recent work has established that endothelial cells, which form the innermost lining of the vascular network, are also a source of molecular signals controlling the behavior of other cell types in the surrounding tissue. Pericytes are another essential component of the vessel wall, but comparably little is known about their signaling interactions with other cell populations during organ growth and patterning. Here, we have used tissue-specific and inducible mouse genetics, high-resolution imaging, single-cell RNA sequencing and cell culture experiments to address the function of three pericyte-derived growth factors in the postnatal development of two model organs, namely lung and brain. We found that Pdgfrb-CreERT2-controlled inactivation of the gene for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) causes no overt alterations in the postnatal brain but impairs alveologenesis in the lung due to defective interaction with AT2 epithelial cells. Likewise, expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by pericytes is not required in the postnatal brain but controls lung development through interactions with the receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB in the pulmonary endothelium. Conversely, pericyte expression of the TGFβ family growth factor Nodal is not required for lung morphogenesis but regulates blood vessel growth and barrier function in the postnatal brain, which we attribute to signaling interactions with endothelial cells, astrocytes and microglia. Taken together, our findings establish that pericytes are a critical source of angiocrine signals that control morphogenetic processes in an organ-specific fashion.
Research on Brazilian Splitting Mechanics and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Various Types of Sandstones in Shendong Mining Area
Authors: Yang Zhiliang , Yue Songpeng , Yang donghui , zhang cun
Published: January 2025

In order to investigate the tensile mechanical properties of various sandstones in the Shendong mining area, real-time acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of Brazilian fracturing was conducted. Through AE monitoring tests, the tensile strength, fracture toughness, peak energy rate, failure mode, as well as the characteristics of AE and the evolution of damage variables were analyzed during the splitting process. The research results show that the average tensile strength of argillaceous siltstone, calc-argillaceous siltstone, argillaceous fine sandstone, calc-argillaceous sandstone, and calcareous coarse sandstone are 5.72, 6.92, 2.71, 1.39, and 13.20 MPa, respectively. The average fracture toughness are 1.11, 1.00, 0.71, 0.38, and 0.81 MPa. m1/2, and the average peak energy efficiency are 1577.8, 2099.0, 1313.0, 233.5, and 4125.8 J.m-2, respectively. The failure modes of various types of sandstones can be categorized as linear (argillaceous siltstone, argillaceous fine sandstone), arc-shaped (cal-argillaceous siltstone, calc-argillaceous coarse sandstone), and "川"-shaped (calcareous coarse sandstone).In the case of siltstone, the AR values for acoustic emission are evenly distributed, resulting in a linear growth pattern in the overall damage curve. For argillaceous fine sandstone and cal-argillaceous coarse sandstone, the AR value distribution is dense, leading to an S-shaped growth in the overall damage curve. In contrast, the AR value distribution for calcareous coarse sandstone is sparse, resulting in an L-shaped growth in the overall damage curve.
Maritime Fleet Management Transformation Using Big Data and IoT
Authors: Setiawan Ariyono , Wahy Anak Agung Istri Sri , Hasugian Sereati , Wiratno Daviq , Umasangadji Fahmi
Published: January 2025

In today's digital era, maritime fleet management faces major challenges related to port congestion and unpredictable traffic patterns. The main objective of this study is to investigate how the use of big data and the Internet of Things (IoT) can predict maritime traffic patterns and reduce port congestion. [
1] The methodology used includes analysis of historical data on sea traffic, predictive modeling, and the use of IoT sensors for real-time data collection. Key findings show that the application of this technology can improve the accuracy of traffic predictions by up to 30% and reduce ship waiting times at ports by up to 20%. The conclusion of this study confirms that the integration of big data and IoT can not only optimize fleet management, but also make a significant contribution to port operational efficiency and the overall sustainability of the maritime industry[2][3][4]
A case of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with initial symptoms of cognitive impairment
Authors: Ye Baoye , Huang Yilin , Lai Wanying
Published: January 2025

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a type of leukaemia that is often ignored in the initial stages. Slight fever, fatigue and night sweats are common presentations, but cognitive decline is rare.
Case presentation: A 69-year-old patient with early-stage CLL presented with rapid cognitive decline. The patient was taken by his wife to seek medical attention in our hospital. In his medical reports from other hospitals, the Mini-mental State Examination(MMSE) score was 10, and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) score was zero since he could not cooperate. MRI revealed bilateral hippocampal atrophy. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene test revealed that his genotype was e3/e4. A blood test also revealed high leucocyte and lymphocyte counts. Peripheral blood lymphocyte immunotyping was subsequently performed, and the results revealed abnormal monoclonal mature B cells. The final diagnosis was CLL.
Discussion: To our knowledge, memory loss is rare in the primary phase of CLL. However, we linked this patient’s cognitive impairment with CLL.
An unsupervised learning model that integrates clinical and MRI radiomics features outperforms existing models in predicting the 5-year progression-free survival of prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy: a multicenter study
Authors: Hu Guoqing , Liu Xiaofeng , Chen Zhangzhe , Zhou Bingni , Gan Hualei , Chen Ruchuan , Zhou Liangping , Gu Yajia , Liu Xiaohang
Published: January 2025

Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common male cancer. Despite undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP), 20–30% of patients experience recurrence within 5 years. Unsupervised learning method based on radiomics features has proved its efficiency for predicting recurrence in patients with breast and lung cancer. In this study, we sought to identify subgroups of PCa patients after RP using an unsupervised clustering method based on clinical and MRI radiomics features, and further evaluate the prognostic value in predicting 5-year progression-free survival (PFS).
Materials:
Preoperative MRI and clinical data from 400 PCa patients (185 with recurrence) were collected from three centers (one training and two external validation groups). Radiomics features were extracted from index lesions. PFS-associated clinical and radiomics features were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox analysis. The K-means clustering method was used to identify subgroups and construct a Radiomic-Clinical model. PFS differences across subgroups were assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival analyses. The predictive performance of the Radiomic-Clinical model was compared with the European Association of Urology (EAU), University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA), and PIPEN models using the concordance index (C-index).
Results
Five clinical and 13 radiomics features were selected, and three distinct prognostic subgroups were identified within the Radiomic-Clinical model. The Radiomic-Clinical model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy with C-indices of 0.82 (training group), 0.78 (validation group 1), and 0.79 (validation group 2), outperforming the EAU (0.68, 0.70, 0.65), CAPRA (0.71, 0.67, 0.70), and PIPEN models (0.71, 0.70, 0.68) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Unsupervised learning using radiomics and clinical data effectively identifies distinct prognostic subgroups in PCa patients after RP, offering superior predictive performance over existing models for 5-year PFS.
The role of geology in flood risk assessments: a systematic literature review and a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Erbil Cemre , Ayat Berna , Zabcı Cengiz
Published: January 2025

Floods have emerged as a critical global issue due to climate change, leading to increased research interest across various fields. However, the complex relationship between floods and geological factors remains insufficiently explored in the literature. This bibliometric analysis addresses this gap by examining the intellectual structure of research on floods and geology through a systematic review of 71 articles published between 1989 and 2024. The study reveals that environmental science dominates the field (44%), followed by earth and planetary sciences (16%), engineering (12%), and computer sciences (7%). Analysis of research terms demonstrates the field's breadth, with hydrology-related keywords comprising 58.4% of total terms, while flood-related and geology-related terms represent 21.9% and 19.7%, respectively. This study was conducted using data from the Scopus database, and co-word, co-citation, and co-author network analysis were performed through VOSviewer software. Key topics, influential publications, citation patterns, and international collaborations were identified and visualized using VOSviewer. The United States leads with 22 publications and 771 citations, followed by China with 15 publications and 117 citations. The analysis identified seven distinct international collaboration clusters, highlighting the global nature of flood research while also revealing geographical disparities in coverage. Notably, previous research demonstrates that integrating geological layers into hydrological models yields results closely matching real flood measurements, even in basins lacking measurement stations. This finding emphasizes the significance of understanding lithological characteristics for enhanced flood risk assessment. The analysis highlights an increasing application of advanced technologies, such as remote sensing, GIS, and machine learning, particularly in post-2020 studies, marking a shift toward data-driven approaches.
Subjective probability is modulated by emotions
Authors: Abel Lara , Schulz Eric , Nelson Jonathan D.
Published: January 2025

Information about risks and probabilities is ubiquitous in our environment, forming the basis for decisions in an uncertain world.Emotions are known to modulate subjective probability when probabilistic information is desired (as in gambles) or undesired (as in risks). Yet little is known about the subjective probability of affectively neutral events. We investigated this in one correlational study (Study 1, N = 162) and one experimental study (Study 2, N = 119). As predicted, we found that participants higher in emotional dominance were more conservative in their probability estimates, avoiding the extremes. Remarkably, this pattern also transferred to realistic risk assessments. Furthermore, respondents' tendency to use the representativeness heuristic as a proxy for probability was increased in high dominance individuals. Our findings suggest that emotional dominance may be a unifying construct explaining previously reported effects of emotions on probabilistic cognition.
BIRC5 as a Potential Biomarker and Therapeutic Target for Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Chang Jianliang , Yang Shuaibo , Peng Xiaocui , Wang Xue , Xu Dandan , Zhang Zhihua
Published: January 2025

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the most prevalent type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has the highest incidence and mortality rates among thoracic cancers worldwide. BIRC5, a protein linked to tumor cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, and invasion, has been insufficiently studied as a potential LUAD biomarker. In this study, we used bioinformatics techniques to analyze LUAD-related data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify biomarkers associated with LUAD onset, progression, and prognosis and evaluate their clinical significance. Immune cell infiltration and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses assessed the expression of core genes in various immune environments. Drug sensitivity analysis evaluated the impact of these biomarkers on treatment response, providing a basis for early diagnosis and personalized LUAD treatment. Gene expression and clinical data from TCGA and GEO underwent weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), differential analysis, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression to identify prognostic core genes. High BIRC5 expression emerged as an independent risk factor for poor overall survival (OS) in LUAD, exhibiting strong diagnostic performance. Enrichment analysis indicated that BIRC5 was involved in the cell cycle and P53 signaling pathways. Single-cell RNA sequencing and immune infiltration analyses revealed that BIRC5 plays a critical role in the immune microenvironment. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that high BIRC5 expression correlated with increased sensitivity to several anticancer drugs. These findings establish BIRC5 as a promising biomarker for LUAD diagnosis and prognosis. Its role in immune regulation and drug sensitivity highlights its potential for guiding personalized treatment strategies.
Analysing stickiness related to changes in Customer Behaviour Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: B Meenal
Published: January 2025

This research analyses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer preferences for shopping locations and its duration through a quantitative method. A revised version of the Huff gravity model is employed to measure changes over time in customer preferences regarding store selection for shopping. The research utilises extensive mobility and location datasets along with census data to examine department stores in New York City. Employing clustering methods and statistical inference models, this research assesses the short-term and long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on changes in customer behaviour, emphasising the varied responses across different socioeconomic groups. The results of this study indicate that the suggested model successfully represents the dynamics of shopping site choices and time-based visitation trends, enabling managers and marketers to grasp customer preferences and adjust strategies as needed. Retailers ought to apply quantitative techniques to revise their assumptions according to new consumption trends, instead of anticipating a full return to consumer behaviour from before the pandemic.
Lichtverschmutzung und Recht: Eine Analyse des Rechtsrahmens im Kontext des Insektenschutzgesetzes und anderer relevanter Normen
Authors: Döhmann Robin
Published: January 2025

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Rechtsrahmen für Maßnahmen gegen Lichtverschmutzung im geltenden Recht, insbesondere im Hinblick auf das 2021 verabschiedete, aber noch nicht vollständig in Kraft getretene, Insektenschutzgesetz. Nach einer kurzen Erläuterung des Realbereichs werden die wesentlichen Normen, insbesondere solche des Umwelt- und des Baurechts, vorgestellt und auf ihre Tauglichkeit zur Adressierung der Lichtverschmutzung überprüft sowie anhand von in der

Umweltverwaltungsrechtswissenschaft bekannten Kategorien analysiert. Schließlich erfolgt eine Bewertung des Vorhandenen sowie die Darlegung einiger Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten.
Adjusting current hemoglobin thresholds : a way to improve outcome in women undergoing major surgery
Authors:   , Netz Alina
Published: January 2025

Background: Preoperative anaemia affects about one-third of all patients prior to elective surgery. It is an independent risk factor for increased perioperative mortality and morbidity, as well as perioperative complications. In addition, the presence of preoperative anaemia increases perioperative transfusion rates, which is associated with numerous side effects. The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines anaemia in terms of sex-related hemoglobin (Hb) thresholds. In women, lower Hb levels are tolerated according to this definition. Prior to major surgical interventions, this may result in a structural disadvantage for women with borderline Hb.

Aim of the study: The aim of this study is to analyse transfusion and complication rates of female patients in the context of large elective surgical procedures with a special focus on women with borderline Hb levels.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, all adult female patients who underwent major surgery at the University Hospital Frankfurt am Main in 2018 and 2019 were enrolled. Major surgery was defined as any surgery with an expected transfusion probability of more than 10 % or an expected blood loss of more than 500 ml. Patient characteristics and clinical data were provided by the local hospital information system. Patients were divided into three groups according to the last Hb recorded prior to surgery (Hb < 12 g/dl, Hb 12-12.9 g/dl and Hb 13 g/dl). Subsequently, these groups were compared in terms of transfusion rates, hospital mortality, length of stay and postoperative complication rates.

Results: During the two-year observation period, 2 446 female patients underwent major surgery. Among these 931 patients were anaemic according to the WHO-definition and 525 patients had a borderline Hb of 12-12.9 g/dl.

The red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rate of female patients with preoperative Hb < 12 g/dl (53 %) and 12-12.9 g/dl (31 %) was significantly increased compared to patients with Hb 13 g/dl (22 %). In addition, these two groups showed a significantly increased incidence of postoperative complications (pneumonia, acute kidney failure and sepsis). The length of hospital stays (LOS) and mortality of patients with an Hb < 12 g/dl was significantly increased compared to the non-anaemic patients.

Discussion: This study shows that preoperative Hb levels below 13 g/dl are associated with an increased likelihood of RBC transfusion and an increased risk of postoperative complications in women. Therefore, female patients could benefit from an adjustment of the Hb threshold to 13 g/dl. A larger group of female patients could thus be diagnosed with anaemia and treated accordingly, for example in the presence of iron deficiency anaemia with iron supplementation.
Studying the 3d Ising surface CFTs on the fuzzy sphere
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Zou Yijian
Published: January 2025

Boundaries not only are fundamental elements in nearly all realistic physical systems, but also greatly enrich the structure of quantum field theories. In this paper, we demonstrate that conformal field theory (CFT) with a boundary, known as surface CFT in three dimensions, can be studied with the setup of fuzzy sphere. We consider the example of surface criticality of the 3d Ising CFT. We propose two schemes by cutting a boundary in the orbital space and the real space respectively to realise the ordinary and the normal surface CFTs on the fuzzy sphere. We obtain the operator spectra through state-operator correspondence. We observe integer spacing of the conformal multiplets, and thus provide direct evidence of conformal symmetry. We identify the ordinary surface primary oo, the displacement operator \mathrm{D}D and their conformal descendants and extract their scaling dimensions. We also study the one-point and two-point correlation functions and extract the bulk-to-surface OPE coefficients, some of which are reported for the first time. In addition, using the overlap of the bulk CFT state and the polarised state, we calculate the boundary central charges of the 3d Ising surface CFTs non-perturbatively. Other conformal data obtained in this way also agrees with prior methods. We also discuss future directions, such as special surface CFT, cone defects, and surfaces of other bulk CFTs.