bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Economic Performance and Expansion of Access on Income Distribution in Regency/City in Indonesia
Authors: Ernawati Ernawati , Rumbia Wali Aya , Tajuddin Tajuddin
Published: October 2021

Quality economic development is indicated by inclusive economic development, where an increase in economic performance is accompanied by an increase in welfare such as income distribution. This study aims to determine the effect of economic performance and expansion of access to income distribution in Indonesia. The study used secondary data from the Indonesian Inclusive Development Index published by the National Development Planning Agency for 464 districts/cities in 2019. Data analysis using multiple linear regression. The results showed a positive correlation between economic performance, expansion of access to public services and income distribution in Indonesia. However, expansion of access does not significantly affect income distribution, while economic performance has a significant effect. On the other hand, the condition of the income distribution in the previous period had a significant effect on the achievement of the income distribution for the next period. Improved economic performance and improved income distribution in the previous period will increase Indonesia's income distribution.
Development of an ultraprecision metal mirror on additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Thoř T. , Procházková A. , Procháska F. , Doleček R. , Špína M. , Václavík J. , Sedlmaier T. , Mulser M.
Published: October 2021

Metal mirrors for precise optical applications are commonly fabricated by coating of a
metal base substrate with a nickel-phosphorus alloy (NiP). The NiP
layer is then processed by precision diamond turning and polishing to
obtain a high-quality mirror surface. In this work, Ti-6Al-4V samples
that were made by additive manufacturing, also called 3D printing,
were used as a base for the development of metal mirrors. The
additively manufactured samples were electroplated with a NiP coating
and machined using single-point diamond turning (SPDT) to obtain a
flat mirror with optical quality and low form error surface. The
periodic structure of the SPDT toolmark was then removed by polishing
postprocessing. Polishing optimization was first performed on
NiP-coated aluminum test samples to find an optimal polishing setup.
Based on this optimization, postprocessing of titanium samples was
carried out by pitch polishing in combination with 1, 0.25, and

0.1

µ

m

diamond slurries. Using this
polishing processing, a scratch-free surface was attained with surface
microroughness below 0.5 nm.
Temporal phase evolution OCT for measurement of tissue deformation in the human retina in-vivo
Authors: Desissaire Sylvia , Schwarzhans Florian , Steiner Stefan , Vass Clemens , Fischer Georg , Pircher Michael , Hitzenberger Christoph K.
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate the use of temporal phase evolution (TPE-) OCT methods
to evaluate retinal tissue deformation in-vivo over
time periods of several seconds. A custom built spectral domain
(SD)-OCT system with an integrated retinal tracker, ensuring stable
imaging with sub-speckle precision, was used for imaging. TPE-OCT
measures and images phase differences between an initial reference
B-scan and each of the subsequent B-scans of the evaluated temporal
sequence. In order to demonstrate the precision and repeatability of
the measurements, retinal nerve fiber (RNF) tissue deformations
induced by retinal vessels pulsating with the heartbeat were analyzed
in several healthy subjects. We show TPE maps (M-scans of phase
evolution as a function of position along B-scan trace vs. time) of
wrapped phase data and corresponding deformation maps in selected
regions of the RNF layer (RNFL) over the course of several cardiac
cycles. A reproducible phase pattern is seen at each heartbeat cycle
for all imaged volunteers. RNF tissue deformations near arteries and
veins up to ∼ 1.6 µm were obtained with an
average precision for a single pixel of about 30 nm.
Differences of motion induced by arteries and veins are also
investigated.
Effect of unknown emitter intensities on localization accuracy in stochastic optical localization nanoscopy using single frames
Authors: Sun Yi , Guan Yue
Published: October 2021

The Cramér–Rao lower bound (CRLB) indicates the inherent power of stochastic optical localization nanoscopy in spatially resolving emitters. The CRLB for a known and identical intensity of emitters was obtained previously. In practice, the intensities of emitters at times are unknown and must be estimated along with emitter localization. To study effect of unknown emitter intensities on localization accuracy, we analyze Fisher information and CRLB and obtain their formulas in three extended cases: emitter intensities are (i) known and arbitrary, (ii) known to be identical with an unknown value, and (iii) all unknown. The effect of unknown emitter intensities on CRLB is then numerically investigated in three scenarios: 2D emitters on a line with an Airy point spread function (PSF), 2D randomly distributed emitters with a Gaussian PSF, and 3D randomly distributed emitters with an astigmatic PSF. In all three scenarios it is shown that in comparison with the case of a known and identical emitter intensity, cases (i) and (ii) slightly increase CRLB; however, case (iii) significantly increases CRLB no matter whether the emitter intensities are identical or not. These results imply that, in practice, the emitter intensities, which are known a priori to have an identical value, incur little penalty on localization accuracy. In contrast, the emitter intensities, which are all unknown, significantly lower localization accuracy unless the emitter density is so low as to have little chance of overlapped PSFs. The analytical and numerical results can be extensively applied to set up an experiment, develop localization algorithms, and benchmark localization algorithms.
Electron holography by planar electron backscattered diffraction patterns
Authors: Gianfelice Matthias , Westphal Carsten
Published: October 2021

Since Dennis Gabor introduced holography in 1948, it has been of interest to apply it to atomic scales. Electrons with high kinetic energies may indeed be used for electron holography. We describe the holographic process with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as a non-invasive surface structure analysis. We show that typical parameters of current experiments already provide the requirements to collect sufficient data for a successful holographic reconstruction. As a first example, we describe how holography may be applied to planar EBSD patterns. Furthermore, we discuss the influence of experimental parameters to improve the quality of the reconstruction.
The structure of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae SapA in a closed conformation reveals a constricted ligand-binding cavity and a novel RNA binding motif
Authors: Lukacik Petra , Owen C. David , Harris Gemma , Bolla Jani Reddy , Picaud Sarah , Alibay Irfan , Nettleship Joanne E. , Bird Louise E. , Owens Raymond J. , Biggin Philip C. , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Robinson Carol V. , Walsh Martin A.
Published: October 2021

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a significant pathogen in respiratory disease and otitis media. Important for NTHi survival, colonization and persistence in vivo is the Sap (sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides) ABC transporter system. Current models propose a direct role for Sap in heme and antimicrobial peptide (AMP) transport. Here, the crystal structure of SapA, the periplasmic component of Sap, in a closed, ligand bound conformation, is presented. Phylogenetic and cavity volume analysis predicts that the small, hydrophobic SapA central ligand binding cavity is most likely occupied by a hydrophobic di- or tri- peptide. The cavity is of insufficient volume to accommodate heme or folded AMPs. Crystal structures of SapA have identified surface interactions with heme and dsRNA. Heme binds SapA weakly (Kd 282 μM) through a surface exposed histidine, while the dsRNA is coordinated via residues which constitute part of a conserved motif (estimated Kd 4.4 μM). The RNA affinity falls within the range observed for characterized RNA/protein complexes. Overall, we describe in molecular-detail the interactions of SapA with heme and dsRNA and propose a role for SapA in the transport of di- or tri-peptides.
Spectral tuning and deactivation kinetics of marine mammal melanopsins
Authors: Fasick Jeffry I. , Algrain Haya , Samuels Courtland , Mahadevan Padmanabhan , Schweikert Lorian E. , Naffaa Zaid J. , Robinson Phyllis R.
Published: October 2021

In mammals, the photopigment melanopsin (Opn4) is found in a subset of retinal ganglion cells that serve light detection for circadian photoentrainment and pupil constriction (i.e., mydriasis). For a given species, the efficiency of photoentrainment and length of time that mydriasis occurs is determined by the spectral sensitivity and deactivation kinetics of melanopsin, respectively, and to date, neither of these properties have been described in marine mammals. Previous work has indicated that the absorbance maxima (λmax) of marine mammal rhodopsins (Rh1) have diversified to match the available light spectra at foraging depths. However, similar to the melanopsin λmax of terrestrial mammals (~480 nm), the melanopsins of marine mammals may be conserved, with λmax values tuned to the spectrum of solar irradiance at the water’s surface. Here, we investigated the Opn4 pigments of 17 marine mammal species inhabiting diverse photic environments including the Infraorder Cetacea, as well as the Orders Sirenia and Carnivora. Both genomic and cDNA sequences were used to deduce amino acid sequences to identify substitutions most likely involved in spectral tuning and deactivation kinetics of the Opn4 pigments. Our results show that there appears to be no amino acid substitutions in marine mammal Opn4 opsins that would result in any significant change in λmax values relative to their terrestrial counterparts. We also found some marine mammal species to lack several phosphorylation sites in the carboxyl terminal domain of their Opn4 pigments that result in significantly slower deactivation kinetics, and thus longer mydriasis, compared to terrestrial controls. This finding was restricted to cetacean species previously found to lack cone photoreceptor opsins, a condition known as rod monochromacy. These results suggest that the rod monochromat whales rely on extended pupillary constriction to prevent photobleaching of the highly photosensitive all-rod retina when moving between photopic and scotopic conditions.
Association between inter-leg blood pressure difference and cardiovascular outcome in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Moon Inki , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A , Kim Sang-Hyun
Published: October 2021

Background

Although the inter-arm blood pressure (BP) difference has been advocated to be associated with cardiovascular events, the implication of inter-leg BP difference has not been well established. This study was conducted to investigate whether inter-arm and -leg BP differences have prognostic value in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods

In this prospective study, we consecutively enrolled 667 patients who underwent PCI. Both arm and leg BPs were measured at the day after PCI. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) including cardiac death, acute coronary syndrome, coronary revascularization, stroke, and hospitalization for heart failure during the follow-up period.

Results

Mean age was 64.0±11.1 years old, and males were predominant (70.5%). During a mean follow-up period of 3.0 years, MACE occurred in 209 (31.3%) patients. The inter-leg systolic BP difference (ILSBPD) was significantly higher in patients with MACE than those without (9.9±12.3 vs. 7.2±7.5 mmHg, P = 0.004). The inter-arm systolic BP difference was not significantly different between patients with and without MACE (P = 0.403). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, increased ILSBPD was independently associated with the development of MACE (per 5 mmHg; hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.14). The inter-arm systolic BP difference was not associated with MACE in the multivariable analysis.

Conclusion

Increased ILSBPD was independently associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI. As ILSBPD is easy to measure, it may be helpful in the risk stratification of patients undergoing PCI.
What are the determinants of childhood infections in India’s peri-urban slums? A case study of eight cities
Authors: Boo Yebeen Ysabelle , Rai Kritika , Cupp Meghan A. , Lakhanpaul Monica , Factor-Litvak Pam , Parikh Priti , Panda Rajmohan , Manikam Logan ,   On Behalf of the Childhood Infections & Pollution (CHIP) Consortium
Published: October 2021

Background

Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs) and Gastro-Intestinal (GI) infections are the leading causes of child mortality and morbidity. This study investigates the associations between the individual, household and slum-level determinants of children’s health and vulnerability to RTIs and GI infections in peri-urban slums in India; an area of research interest at the Childhood Infections and Pollution Consortium.

Methods

The 2015–16 Indian National Family Health Survey was used for data analysis on children aged 0–5 years. NFHS-4 includes data on slums in eight Indian cities, including Delhi, Meerut, Kolkata, Indore, Mumbai, Nagpur, Hyderabad, Chennai. The outcome variables, having fever and cough (FeCo) and diarrhoea in the last two weeks, were used to define the phenotype of infections; for this analysis fever and cough were measures of RTIs and diarrhoea was used to measure GI infections. Exposures considered in this study include variables at the individual, household and slum level and were all informed by existing literature. Multilevel models were used to estimate the association between exposures and outcomes variables; a prior of Cauchy distribution with a scale of 2.5 was selected when building the multilevel logistic models.

Results

The total sample size of the number of children included in the analysis was n = 1,424. Data was imputed to account for missingness, and the original and imputed sample showing similar distributions. Results showed that diarrhoea and FeCo were both found to be more present in younger children than older children by a few months. In fixed effects, the odds of developing FeCo were higher if the mother perceives the child was born smaller than average (AOR 4.41, 1.13–17.17, P<0.05) at individual level. On the other hand, the odds of the diarrhoea outcome were lower if the child was older (AOR 0.97, 0.96–0.98, P<0.05) at individual level, and household’s water source was public tap or standpipe (AOR 0.54, 0.31–0.96, P<0.05) at household level.

Conclusion

The determinants of health, both social and related to health care, at all levels demonstrated linkages to child morbidity in RTIs and GI infections. The empirical evidence highlights the need for contextualised ideas at each level, including one health approach when designing interventions to improve child health.
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement for treatment of humoral immune dysfunction in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Mustafa S. Shahzad , Jamshed Saad , Vadamalai Karthik , Ramsey Allison
Published: October 2021

Background

Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) experience hypogammaglobinemia and non-neutropenic infections. In this exploratory proof of concept study, our objective was to determine the prevalence of humoral immunodeficiency in patients with CLL and serum IgG ≥ 400 mg/dL, and to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) in this population.

Patients and methods

Patients with CLL with serum IgG ≥ 400 mg/dL were evaluated for serum IgG, IgM, IgA, along with pre/post vaccine IgG titers to diphtheria, tetanus, andStreptococcus pneumoniae. Patients with evidence of humoral dysfunction were treated with SCIG with Hizentra every 7±2 days for 24 weeks.

Results

Fifteen patients enrolled with median IgG = 782 mg/dL [IQR: 570 to 827], and 6/15 (40%) responded to vaccination with Td, while 5/15 (33%) responded to vaccination with PPV23. 14/15 (93.3%) demonstrated humoral immunodeficiency as evidenced by suboptimal vaccine responses, and were treated with SCIG. In patients treated with SCIG, serum IgG increased from 670 mg/dL [IQR: 565 to 819] to 1054 mg/dL [IQR: 1040 to 1166] after 24 weeks (95% CI: 271–540). Forstreptococcus pneumoniae, the median protective serotypes at baseline was 8 [IQR: 4 to 9] and increased to 17 [IQR: 17 to 19] after 24 weeks (95% CI: 6.93–13.72). Non-neutropenic infections (NNI) decreased from 14 to 5 during treatment with SCIG.

Conclusions

Patients with CLL demonstrate humoral immunodeficiency despite IgG > 400 mg/dL. For these patients, SCIG is well tolerated and efficacious in improving serum IgG, specific IgG tostreptococcus pneumoniae, and may decrease reliance on antibiotics for the treatment of NNIs.

Clinical trials registration

NCT 03730129.
Banned by the law, practiced by the society: The study of factors associated with dowry payments among adolescent girls in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India
Authors: Srivastava Shobhit , Chauhan Shekhar , Patel Ratna , Marbaniang Strong P. , Kumar Pradeep , Paul Ronak , Dhillon Preeti
Published: October 2021

Background

Despite the prohibition by the law in 1961, dowry is widely prevalent in India. Dowry stems from the early concept of ’Stridhana,’ in which gifts were given to the bride by her family to secure some personal wealth for her when she married. However, with the transition of time, the practice of dowry is becoming more common, and the demand for a higher dowry becomes a burden to the bride’s family. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the factors associated with the practice of dowry in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.

Methods

We utilized information from 5206 married adolescent girls from the Understanding the lives of adolescents and young adults (UDAYA) project survey conducted in two Indian states, namely, Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Dowry was the outcome variable of this study. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with dowry payment during the marriage.

Results

The study reveals that dowry is still prevalent in the state of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. Also, the proportion of dowry varies by adolescent’s age at marriage, spousal education, and household socioeconomic status. The likelihood of paid dowry was 48 percent significantly less likely (OR: 0.52; CI: 0.44–0.61) among adolescents who knew their husbands before marriage compared to those who do not know their husbands before marriage. Adolescents with age at marriage more than equal to legal age had higher odds to pay dowry (OR: 1.60; CI: 1.14–2.14) than their counterparts. Adolescents with mother’s who had ten and above years of education, the likelihood of dowry was 33 percent less likely (OR: 0.67; CI: 0.45–0.98) than their counterparts. Adolescents belonging to the richest households (OR: 1.48; CI: 1.13–1.93) were more likely to make dowry payments than adolescents belonging to poor households.

Conclusion

Limitation of the dowry prohibition act is one of the causes of continued practices of dowry, but major causes are deeply rooted in the social and cultural customs, which cannot be changed only using laws. Our study suggests that only the socio-economic development of women will not protect her from the dowry system, however higher dowry payment is more likely among women from better socio-economic class.
Bacteriological quality of drinking water from source and point of use and associated factors among households in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Alemeshet Asefa Yohanis , Alemu Bezatu Mengistie , Baraki Negga , Mekbib Dinku , Mengistu Dechasa Adare
Published: October 2021

Background

Biological deterioration of drinking water is the major cause of waterborne disease globally. However, there is a paucity of information on identifying the point where deterioration of the bacteriological quality of drinking water occurs (source or point of use) and associated factors among households in developing countries, especially in Ethiopia.

Method

A community based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 425 households in Eastern Ethiopia. Households with at least one child under-five years of age were included in the study. A total of 448 Water samples (425 from households and 23 from water sources) were collected and analyzed by the membrane filtration method to identify Thermotolerant coliform. Binary logistic regression was performed to assess the association between each independent and dependent variable. Adjusted Odd Ratios along with 95% Confidence intervals were estimated to identify factors associated with the outcome variable.

Result

This study revealed that 21.7%; 95% CI (4.5%, 39.1%) of water sources and 83.3%; 95% CI (79.8%, 87.1%) of households’ drinking water were contaminated by thermotolerant coliform. Drinking water samples from households with poor wealth index [AOR = 9.63; 95%CI (2.92, 31.69)], households with unimproved sanitation facility [AOR = 2.81; 95%CI (1.31, 6.01)], households which shares their house with animal [AOR = 3.73; 95%CI (1.66, 8.37)], households that didn’t practice household water treatment [AOR = 3.42; 95%CI (1.60, 7.31)] and not washing hands before water collection [AOR = 7.04; 95%CI (2.22, 22.30)] were significantly associated with deterioration of bacteriological quality of household drinking water.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the bacteriological quality of drinking water deteriorates from source to point of use. Thus, health education programs on water, sanitation, hygienic practice must be enhanced to improve the quality of drinking water.
Immunohistochemical and molecular profiling of CD 117, Oct-4, and Sox-2 in canine cutaneous mast cell tumor of the crossbred dogs in Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Meesuwan Sirilak , Ketpun Dettachai , Piyaviriyakul Prapruddee , Rattanapinyopituk Kasem , Theewasutrakul Pattharakrit , Sailasuta Achariya
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: CD 117 (c-KIT) internal tandem duplication (ITD), octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4), and sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox-2) may govern the oncogenicity and aggressiveness of canine cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) in the crossbred dogs. Thus, a comprehension of this matter may help us establishing a novel platform to treat the disease in those dogs. However, evidence has lacked so far. Thus, this study aimed to survey CD 117 ITD, Oct-4, and Sox-2 expressions and their relations to the 2-tier grading in a group of Thai crossbreed dogs. The study was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry. Materials and Methods: Thirty-three MCT specimens graded by the 2-tier histopathology grading were collected from the crossbred and purebred dogs. CD 117 ITD was detected by conventional PCR and immunohistochemistry. While, Oct-4 and Sox-2 expression levels were determined at the protein and mRNA levels by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, respectively. The expression magnitude of each parameter was then related to the grades and breeds. Results: About 60.61% of specimens were low grade, while 39.39% were high grade. CD 117 ITD was not detected in all specimens. A significant increase of Oct-4 expression was found in the high-grade, crossbred dogs. Meanwhile, Sox-2 expressions were increased both in the purebred and crossbred dogs with high-grade MCT. Conclusion: The study finding has indicated that the level of Sox-2 expression may be a useful tumorigenic and prognostic biomarker because it correlates to the 2-tier grades but not dog breeds.
Polywave And Monowave Light-Curing Units Effects On Polymerization Efficiency Of Different Photoinitiators
Authors: Oliveira Boeira Peterson , De Azevedo Kinalski Mateus , Bertolini Fernandes dos Santos Mateus , Ratto de Moraes Rafael , Silveira Lima Giana
Published: October 2021

Objective: of this study was to characterize and correlate the absorption spectra of three photoinitiators [camphorquinone (CQ), diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide (TPO) and phenylbis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (BAPO)], using second or third-generation light curing units (LCU), and to evaluate the degree of conversion and the physical properties of an experimental resin adhesive.  Material and methods: Second-generation (Radii-cal® and Emitter D®) and third-generation (Valo® Cordless and Bluephase N®) LCU were assessed regarding spectrum and irradiance rate of emitted light. Also, the photoinitiators (CQ, TPO and BAPO) were characterized by a light absorption spectrum assessed by UV-Vis spectroscopy, degree of conversion and yellowing effect. Statistical analyzes considered two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey test.  Results: BAPO presented higher reactivity compared to TPO. Regarding degree of conversion of the photoinitiators activated by different light-curing units, the Emitter D® device promoted a high degree of conversion. BAPO presented the highest yellowing effect values. Conclusions: The emission and absorption characteristics of the photoinitiators were different. The polymerization reaction activated by the second-generation light-curing unit was reduced when using an experimental resin with photoinitiator TPO, and the third-generation light-curing unit showed a higher polymerization potential regardless of the photoinitiator.
Keywords
Light-curing of dental adhesives;  Photoinitiators dental; Curing lights dental.
Effects of Stryphnodendron adstringens extracts on murine 4T1 tumor line
Authors: Souza Alessandra Aparecida de Melo , Gervásio Elias Raad , De Paula Thais Barbosa , Da Silva Neto Luis Ribeiro , Fernandes Fernanda Pinheiro Chagas , Leite Gabriel Furtado , Barreto Filipe Peres , Ribeiro Rosy Iara Maciel de Azambuja
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer appears as the main gynecological cancer and presents high morbidity and mortality. Because most diagnoses are made belatedly, it is necessary to seek therapeutic options that aim for advanced stages of the disease. This study aims to evaluate the antitumoral action of Stryphnodendron adstringens fruit extracts on 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma cell culture. The inhibitory potential of S. adstringens fruit extract on the metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 was evaluated through zymography. From these results, MTT assays were performed to evaluate the extracts’ effects on the murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 line cell viability. From the crude extract, the following extracts were obtained: hydroalcoholic (SAFCEA), hexane (SAFCEB), chloroform (SAFCEC), and ethyl acetate (SAFCED). Lastly, the migration of the cells treated with extracts SAFCEA and SAFCED was verified. The hydroalcoholic extract (SAFCEA) was the most efficient in inhibiting gelatinases. During the phytochemical study, it was noted that alkaloids were present in all partitions. The 50 % growth inhibition (IC50) concentrations found were: 40.1 μg/mL (SAFCEA) and 70.14 μg/mL (SAFCED). After the cellular cytotoxicity assay, cell morphology was altered by treatment with the selected partitions (SAFCEA and SAFCED), obtaining morphology consistent with apoptosis. The results demonstrate that S. adstringens extracts exhibit the inhibitory activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 as well as cytotoxicity toward 4T1 tumor cells. These findings indicate that follow-up studies of the partitions from S. adstringens may lead to the development of novel chemotherapeutics for oncological treatments.
Productivity and growth in cowpea inoculated with rhizobia under different light environments
Authors: De Jesus Correia Andreza , Simão Abrahão Nóbrega Rafaela , Santos Oliveira Amanda , Sacramento Santana Welly , Da Silva Braulio Caliane , Santana de Olivera Marluce , Bonati do Carmo de Sousa Cheila , Ranulfo dos Santos Anacleto
Published: October 2021

The objective of this work was to verify the influence of light environments combined with rhizobia inoculation on cowpea growth and productivity. A completely random design was used in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four light environments, four nitrogen sources and eight replicates in split plot parcels. Light environments were set by means of photo-conversion and thermo-conversion nettings (Aluminet®, red net and black net) and control treatment without shading (full sun). Nitrogen sources were constituted by the strains INPA 03-11B - SEMIA 6462 (Bradyrhizobium elkanni) and UFLA 03-84 - SEMIA 6461 (Bradyrhizobium viridifuturi), and two control treatments: with 70 kg ha-1 of mineral nitrogen and without N. Plant height, indices of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophill, the number of leaves, number of nodules, dry matter of nodules, dry matter of the aerial portion, dry matter of roots and total dry matter, relative efficiency, gathering of nitrogen in the aerial portion, number, length and matter of pods per plant and dry matter of 100 grains, were evaluated. . There was interaction between light conditions and nitrogen sources for the number of nodules. Individual effect was observed in all other variables. Strain INPA 03-11B was able to promote higher nodulation in cowpea plants in light environments under full sun and Aluminet and the strain UFLA 03-84 only under full sun conditions. However, the efficiency of diazotrophic bacteria to promote vegetative growth, nitrogen gathering and production was not influenced by different light environments. Thus, full sun cultivation is recommended, independently of the nitrogen source used.
Microbial quality and labeling of minimally processed fruits and vegetables
Authors: Samôr dos Santos Lucas , Vasconcelos da Silva Lucas , Morandi Lepaus Bárbara , De São José Jackline Freitas Brilhante
Published: October 2021

The consumption of minimally processed, or ready-to-eat (RTE), fruits and vegetables has been growing because people have shorter time to eat and due to the pursuit of convenience and health benefits. Minimal processing includes raw material selection and sorting, pre-washing, debarking, cutting, slicing, sanitizing, rinsing, centrifuging, and packing. Thus, natural protection barriers are affected during cutting methods and they release nutrients that enable microorganism growth.  The aim of the current study was to evaluate the levels of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts, coliforms at 35°C, Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp., as well as the labeling adequacy of minimally processed fruits and vegetables traded in Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Fruits and vegetables presented aerobic mesophilic bacteria, molds and yeasts, and coliforms at 35°C, above the safe limit for consumption purposes. The count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in RTE fruits ranged from 4.00 to 6.30 Log CFU/g. The highest count of this microorganism group was recorded for fruit salads. Salmonella sp. was not identified in fruit or vegetable samples, whereas Escherichia coli was detected in four vegetable samples. None of the evaluated labels (n = 40) followed the Brazilian legislation. Minimally processed fruits and vegetables had poor microbiological quality and labeling was also unsatisfactory. The adoption of good manufacturing practices and quality control tools as strategies to produce safe food can help minimizing risks to consumers’ health.
Aerobic stability of tifton 85 silage with and without pre-drying in the sun
Authors: Schneider Cibele Regina , Castagnara Deise Dalazen , Fernandes Tatiane , Neres Marcela Abbado
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and aerobic stability of silage of Tifton 85 grass silage with two dry matter contents at different silos opening times. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a subdivided plots scheme, in which the silages constituted the plots and aerobic exposure times the subplots, with four replications. To verify the aerobic stability of the silages, the temperature and pH were analyzed at seven hours after the silos were opened (1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours). The pH reached adequate levels for conservation only after 90 days of fermentation for the silages with and without pre-drying in the sun. Ammoniacal nitrogen remained below the recommended limits in both silages. As for the silage temperature, no loss of aerobic stability was observed. However, the observed pH revealed a break instability after 72 hours when the silos were opened at 28 days, with no changes for the remaining silage periods. It is possible to obtain suitable silages from Tifton 85 with or without pre-warming in the sun, however, a minimum fermentation period of 90 days should be adopted. The studied silages presented high aerobic stability, but when kept silage for only 28 days, they should be consumed by the animals within 48 hours after the supply.
Study on Dual-Energy Signal and Noise of Double-Exposure X-Ray Imaging for High Conspicuity
Authors: Song Boram , Kim Changsoo , Kim Junwoo
Published: October 2021

Background: Dual-energy X-ray images (DEI) can distinguish or improve materials of interest in a two-dimensional radiographic image, by combining two images obtained from separate low and high energies. The concepts of DEI performance describing the performance of double-exposure DEI systems in the Fourier domain been previously introduced, however, the performance of double-exposure DEI itself in terms of various parameters, has not been reported.Materials and Methods: To investigate the DEI performance, signal-difference-to-noise ratio, modulation transfer function, noise power spectrum, and noise equivalent quanta were used. Low- and high-energy were 60 and 130 kVp with 0.01–0.09 mGy, respectively. The energyseparation filter material and its thicknesses were tin (Sn) and 0.0–1.0 mm, respectively. Noise-reduction (NR) filtering used the Gaussian-filter NR, median-filter NR, and anti-correlated NR.Results and Discussion: DEI performance was affected by Sn-filter thickness, weighting factor, and dose allocation. All NR filtering successfully reduced noise, when compared with the dual-energy (DE) images without any NR filtering.Conclusion: The results indicated the significance of investigating, and evaluating suitable DEI performance, for DE images in chest radiography applications. Additionally, all the NR filtering methods were effective at reducing noise in the resultant DE images.
Implementing Statewide Health Surveillance in Schools: Processes and Lessons Learned from the Texas SPAN Project
Authors: Elder Katherine , Smith Carolyn , Niday Claire , Massie Alison , Reat Amanda , Cook Michelle , Hoelscher Deanna
Published: October 2021

Objective: Prevalence of obesity among youth has increased in the last several decades. Using schools as a place to collect data on childhood obesity is considered by many researchers to be an important component to combating the disease. In this paper, we present process data from the Texas School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) project, a statewide surveillance system to monitor the prevalence of Texas school-aged children who have overweight/obesity. Methods: We selected 3 Public Health Regions (PHRs), including 30 districts and 140 schools, to represent geographic variability of processes of conducting this surveillance system. We tracked and analyzed administrative and communicative processes to conduct the Texas SPAN in those districts/schools. Results: The results demonstrate significant procedural variability across and within PHRs in implementing Texas SPAN. These variations occurred and are presented at both the district and school levels and relate to parental consent, communication processes, and time lags involved in approval and measurement. Conclusions: Due to the variability in the process data observed across and within PHRs, we recommend researchers interested in establishing obesity surveillance systems work to create statewide and local partnerships, cultivate strong communication, and develop mechanisms for data management.
Face Mask Policies of US Public School Districts in States without Statewide Mandates
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Ohinmaa Arvi
Published: October 2021

Objective: We developed categories of the degree of restrictiveness of public schoolboards’ face mask policies in 10 US states that had no statewide mask mandates at any time during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data on schoolboards’ mask wearing policies for the individual boards in these states. Methods: We obtained school reopening plans found on school district webpages. We abstracted district mask policies and sorted them into groups indicating whether mask wearing was required or recommended. Results: Overall, 44% of boards mandated masks in school settings. There was a wide variation of policies within and between states. Conclusions: When left to their own resources, schoolboards will follow a variety of policies, many of which are a departure from state recommendations.
Za udržitelnost spotřebního chování a životního stylu nese odpovědnost vzdělávání
Authors: Dlouhá Jana
Published: October 2021

Článek shrnuje zkušenosti s tvorbou a realizací programu zaměřeného na utváření spotřebních zvyklostí ve vzdělávání a představuje ucelený soubor materiálů pro učitele, aby mohli takový program realizovat.
Rapport annuel national sur la grippe dans le contexte mondial, Canada, 2020–2021
Authors: Nwosu Andrea , Lee Liza , Schmidt Kara , Buckrell Steven , Sevenhuysen Claire , Bancej Christina
Published: October 2021

Au cours de la saison de la grippe du Canada en 2020–2021, il n’y a pas eu de circulation communautaire de la grippe. Seulement 69 cas positifs détectés de la grippe ont été signalés, et le pourcentage de réponses positives n’a pas dépassé 0,1 %. Les indicateurs de la grippe ont atteint des creux historiques par rapport aux six saisons précédentes, et aucune éclosion de grippe confirmée en laboratoire ni aucun résultat grave n’ont été signalés par les provinces et les territoires. À l’échelle mondiale, la circulation de la grippe était à des niveaux historiquement bas dans les hémisphères du Nord et du Sud. La diminution de l’activité grippale observée au Canada et à l’échelle mondiale coïncide avec la mise en œuvre de mesures de santé publique non pharmaceutiques visant à atténuer la propagation de la maladie à coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Bien qu’il soit difficile de prédire quand la grippe commencera à se propager de nouveau, compte tenu de l’augmentation de la vaccination contre la COVID-19 et de l’assouplissement des mesures de santé publique, on peut s’attendre à une résurgence de la grippe qui pourrait être plus grave ou plus intense que les saisons récentes. La vaccination contre la grippe, ainsi que les mesures de santé publique non pharmaceutiques, demeure la meilleure méthode pour prévenir la propagation et l’impact de la grippe. Les autorités de la santé publique doivent demeurer vigilantes, maintenir la surveillance et continuer de planifier la circulation accrue de la grippe saisonnière.
Describing the burden of diphtheria in Canada from 2006 to 2017, using hospital administrative data and reportable disease data
Authors: Lin Dolly , Ho Mi Fane Brigitte , Squires Susan G , Dickson Catherine
Published: October 2021

Background: Canada has maintained a low incidence of toxigenic diphtheria since the 1990s, supported by continued commitment to publicly funded vaccination programs. Objective: To determine whether hospitalization data, complemented with notifiable disease data, can describe the toxigenic respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria burden in Canada, and to assess if Canada is meeting its diphtheria vaccine–preventable disease-reduction target of zero annual cases of locally transmitted respiratory diphtheria. Methods: Diphtheria-related hospital discharge data from 2006 to 2017 were extracted from the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD), and diphtheria case counts for the same period were retrieved from the Canadian Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (CNDSS), for descriptive analyses. As data from the province of Québec are not included in the DAD, CNDSS cases from Québec were excluded. Results: A total of 233 diphtheria-related hospitalizations were recorded in the DAD. Of these, diphtheria was the most responsible diagnosis in 23. Half the patients were male (52%), and 57% were 60 years and older. Central region (Ontario) accounted for the most discharge records (61%), followed by Prairie region (Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan; 23%). Cutaneous diphtheria accounted for 43% of records, and respiratory diphtheria accounted for 3%, with the remainder being other diphtheria complications or site unspecified. Two records with diphtheria as the most responsible diagnosis resulted in inpatient deaths. Eighteen cases of diphtheria were reported through CNDSS. Cases occurred in all age groups, with the largest proportions among those aged 20 to 59 years (39%) and those aged 19 years and younger (33%). Cases were only reported in the Prairie (89%) and West Coast (British Columbia; 11%) regions. Conclusion: Hospital administrative data are consistent with the low incidence of diphtheria reported in CNDSS, and a low burden of respiratory diphtheria in Canada. Although Canada appears to be on track to meet its disease-reduction target, information on endemic transmission is not available.
Influenza vaccine during the 2019–2020 season and COVID-19 risk: A case-control study in Québec
Authors: Pépin Jacques , De Wals Philippe , Labbé Annie-Claude , Carignan Alex , Parent Marie-Elise , Yu Jennifer , Valiquette Louis , Rousseau Marie-Claude
Published: October 2021

Background: We carried out a case-control study that examined whether receipt of the inactivated influenza vaccine during the 2019–2020 season impacted on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as there was a concern that the vaccine could be detrimental through viral interference. Methods: A total of 920 cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (diagnosed between March and October 2020) and 2,123 uninfected controls were recruited from those who were born in Québec between 1956 and 1976 and who had received diagnostic services at two hospitals (Montréal and Sherbrooke, Québec). After obtaining consent, a questionnaire was administered by phone. Data were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: Among healthcare workers, inactivated influenza vaccine received during the previous influenza season was not associated with increased COVID-19 risk (AOR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.69–1.41). Among participants who were not healthcare workers, influenza vaccination was associated with lower odds of COVID-19 (AOR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.96). Conclusion: We found no evidence that seasonal influenza vaccine increased the risk of developing COVID-19.
La recepció del teatre espanyol a Catalunya. Un cas d’estudi: El último mono (1926) de Carlos Arniches i la seva adaptació catalana (L’adroguer del carrer Nou, 1929)
Authors: Orazi Veronica
Published: October 2021

Study of the reception of Carlos Arniches’ play El último mono in Catalonia, through the analysis of its Catalan translation. Starting from the identification of the characteristic features of the author’s theatre, as presented in the work under examination, the strategy of transposition into the resulting hypertext will be defined, according to the different types of treatment (preservation, adaptation, replacement, elimination, etc.) of the key elements, both in terms of content as well as of language and style.
Маяковский – новатор языка? Словообразовательная структура неологизмов Маяковского и их роль в современном русском языке
Authors: Kitzlerova Jana
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the word-formation of Mayakovsky’s neologisms, the principles of their composition and also the objects subjected to neologization. Attention is also paid to the Nachleben of these neologisms in contemporary Russian, based on the research into the Russian National Corpus. The paper is a result of the analysis of all Mayakovsky’s neologisms listed in A. Humesky’s book Majakovskij and His Neologisms (1964), except for those originated by the simple connection of two words or word components. The results were compared with the most recent work dealing with Mayakovsky’s neologisms, V. N. Valavin’s dictionary (Word-formation of Mayakovsky. An Attempt at a Dictionary of Occasiоnalisms). It is argued that the main word-formation principle is that of composition (substantives and adjectives) and suffixation (verbs), that even today many neologisms show surprising vitality, and also that not all of the neologisms ascribed to Mayakovsky are indeed his authorial creations.
Językowy obraz dźwięku (na materiale polsko- i rosyjskojęzycznych recenzji muzycznych)
Authors: Dzienisiewicz Maria
Published: October 2021

The aim of the article is to present the ways of conceptualization of sound in Polish and Russian musical critical texts. For the purpose of the article 145 examples in Polish and 145 examples in Russian were analyzed. The material has been divided into three groups based on the type of sense: a visual approach to sound impressions, a tactile approach to sound impressions and a tastebased approach to sound impressions. The analyzed research material was presented with the use of the linguistic worldview methodology, and grouped into categories. The results of the comparative analysis showed a multiplicity of similarities in the types of categories, as well as in the types of synaesthetic metaphors. The largest groups of conceptualizations are those with Aristotelian origin: QUALITY, SUBSTANCE and SHAPE. Synaesthetic metaphors based on the visual approach to sound impressions proved to be the most widespread. The analyzed texts have provided a huge variety of conceptualizations and synaesthetic metaphors in Polish and Russian musical critical texts which constitute a part of the linguistic worldview of sound.
Лингвокультурологические аспекты невербальной коммуникации
Authors: Orzechowska Joanna
Published: October 2021

The article presents the issue of non-verbal communication from the perspective of translation and teaching a foreign language. The research is based on an experiment conducted among Russian students at the University of Warmia and Mazury, whose task it was to analyze data from Krystyna Jarząbek’s Dictionary of the Body Language of Polish People, from which about 30 unknown or unintelligible units of non-verbal communication were selected. The data show that body language, including gestures, is culture-rooted, and confirm that non-verbal means play a significant role in communication. This is why the author of the article believes it to be justified to introduce elements of non-verbal communication into teaching foreign languages and to compile bilingual dictionaries of body language.
Kompetencje użytkowników języka obcego. Wiedza socjokulturowa i kompetencja socjolingwistyczna studentów rusycystów
Authors: Janaszek Krystyna
Published: October 2021

The paper describes the assumptions of modern methods of teaching foreign languages, and this description includes the proposals of their creators regarding the knowledge that the student must acquire and the competences that he/she is to form. The results of the test checking sociocultural knowledge and sociolinguistic competences of Russian Studies students is also discussed. The low global result of the test (57% of correct answers) showed a poor record of students in terms of the examined issues. Knowledge about Russia is very superficial among the study participants. They are also not good in dealing with contacts on the level of official relations (formal records of statements).