bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trade-off between Efficiency and Equity on the Rationing in Health Insurance System: the Burden on the Poor
Authors: Etemadi Manal , Gorji HasanAbolghasem
Published: September 2019

Background: Nearly all of the rationing mechanisms have negative impacts on the poor. If the fair service access is not set as the top priority in the rationing choices, the poor will experience service limitation and scarcity. This study aims at investigating the effects of rationing policies on the poor covered by Iran Health Insurance System.
Methods: This article is based on a qualitative study conducted in 2017. In total, 32 experts of health system financing participated in the study. A purposeful sampling method was applied till reaching knowledge saturation. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Afterwards, data was analyzed by framework analysis based on Bennet and Gilson pro-poor health financing system framework using MAXQDA10 software.       
Results: The main challenge of rationing through the insurance system in Iran is the rationing only for the poor. As a result of rationing decisions, the poor are mostly the first group affected by service limitation only because they exempted from paying the premium. The current implicit or explicit health services rationing policies in each dimension has jeopardized the access of the poor to the services.
Conclusion: Every resource allocation and negotiation of service purchaser on the budgets should be aligned with the focus on vulnerable groups and their needs. The access of deprived groups should not be reduced for limited budgets or income prioritization. Every decision about the constraints on the usage of the services should be accompanied by the analysis of potential effects on the poor and preventive policies should be implemented so that the burden of service rationing could not be imposed on the poor
Investigation of Inequality Trend in Distribution of Health Sector Resources in Iran during 2006, 2011 and 2016 Timelines Using Gini Coefficient
Authors: Mokhtaripayam Mahdi , Bouzarjomehri Hossein , Chivaee Dariush , Hadian Shiva Elyas
Published: September 2019

Background: Equality in resource distribution is one of the important aspects of effectiveness in achieving the goals of health system. Spending more resources in the health sector will not decline the inequality in the distribution of resources. Generating evidence and adopting evidence-based policies are very essential to reduce inequality in the distribution of health resources in the country. The present study investigates the equality trend in the distribution of health sector resources in Iran using Gini coefficient.
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study performed to investigate the equality trend in the distribution of health workers (Behvarz in Persian), general practitioner, pharmacist, pharmacy and fixed beds over 2006, 2011 and 2016 timelines. Data were extracted from the reports of the Iranian Statistics Center database and according to the population and housing censuses. Moreover, the data from the Plan and Budget Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran (PBO) reports are used. Finally, data analysis was carried out through using Stata 14 software.
Results: The Gini coefficient for general practitioner distribution has had a constant trend. The Gini coefficient for pharmacists and pharmacies has decreased, i.e. the distribution of these resources is improving. In addition, the Gini coefficient for fixed beds and Behvarz has increased, referring to a relative decrease in equality in the distribution of these resources. There is equality in the geographical distribution of Behvarz in 2006 and 2011; but in 2016, there is a relatively unequal distribution. Concerning beds, pharmacies and general practitioners, it can be claimed that geographical distribution is generally equal. Despite the found trends, with respect to the Gini coefficient, the geographical distribution of pharmacists is estimated quite unequal.
Conclusion: Although the ratio of each variable to population is different in different provinces, it can be claimed that there is a relative equality in the distribution of general practitioners, Behvarz, pharmacies and fixed beds. In addition, health policy makers and decision makers have to consider the extent to which the target community needs each of these resources, in addition to crude distributional equality.
Outcomes of 188 Proximal Humeral Fractures Treated with a Dedicated External Fixator with Follow-up Ranging from 2 to 12 Years
Authors: Blonna Davide , Assom Marco , Bellato Enrico , Pisanu Gabriele , Greco Valentina , Marmotti Antonio , Rossi Roberto
Published: September 2019

Background:

The treatment of a displaced proximal humeral fracture is still a matter of controversy. Minimally invasive techniques are considered promising options. The purpose of this study was to report outcomes at medium to long-term follow-up after surgical treatment with pins stabilized with an external fixator.

Methods:

A total of 235 patients (average age, 64 years [95% confidence interval (CI), 62 to 65 years]) were treated with closed or open reduction and fixation with pins stabilized by an external fixator specifically designed for proximal humeral fractures. The pins were inserted using a “pins-crossing-fracture” or a “pins-bridging-fracture” technique. One hundred and eighty-eight patients had a minimum radiographic and clinical follow-up of 2 years. Outcomes were assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the subjective shoulder value (SSV), a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and, for 155 patients, the Constant score.

Results:

Eighty-one (43%) of the 188 patients had a 2-part fracture, 60 (32%) had a 3-part fracture, and 47 (25%) had a 4-part fracture. The reduction was performed with percutaneous maneuvers in 120 shoulders or a deltopectoral approach, in 68. The external fixator was applied using a “pins-crossing-fracture” technique in 133 shoulders and using a “pins-bridging-fracture” technique in 55. At last follow-up, mean clinical scores were as follows: OSS, 42.6 (95% CI, 42 to 44); SSV, 85.5 (95% CI, 83 to 88); and VAS for pain, 1 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.2). The complication rate at 3 months was 16% (37 of 235). The most frequent complication was pin-track infection (19 of 235, 8%). A total of 50 patients had ≥1 complication (50 of 188, 27%) and 6 (3%) underwent revision surgery. More complications were observed with the “pins-crossing-fracture” technique.

Conclusions:

In our experience, the use of the external fixator has been a valuable option in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures. The complication and revision rates were acceptable. Most of the complications encountered were manageable without revision surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Community knowledge, attitude and practices on mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viral diseases in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: mbanzulu kennedy makola , Mboera Leonard E.G. , Wumba Roger , Zanga Josué K. , Luzolo Flory K. , Misinzo Gerald , Kimera Sharadhuli I.
Published: September 2019

Background Mosquito-borne viral diseases (MBVD) are among the important human and animal health threats globally. Gaining insights on behaviours and practices of local population on MBVD can improve understanding of socio-demographic and cultural factors to be addressed in intervention packages. This study was carried out to explore community knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding mosquito and MBVD in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).Methods A cross sectional survey involving heads of household was carried out in Kinshasa, DRC, between January and April 2019. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes and practices on mosquito and MBVD was collected through a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Epi Info 7 software.Results A total of 1,464 individuals were involved in the study. Of these, 69% were under 44 years of age, 60.7% were females and the majority (90.2%) were educated. One-third of the houses had insect window screens, 61.2% had open garbage cans, 33.4% had outdoor water storage units, 25.1% had stagnant water collection and 22.5% water containers. The majority (80.3%) of the respondent mentioned polluted water bodies as the main mosquito breeding places. Yellow fever (86.6%) was the most commonly known MBVD. Overall, 12% of the respondents knew that mosquitoes are vectors of these viruses. Majority of respondents (72.5%) felt to be at risk of contracting MBVD. Drainage and blocked draining water channels, dirty, agriculture, house and road construction, animal rearing and automobile garages were associated with mosquito abundance. Health professionals, family member, radio/television and/or school/university were the main source of information. Cleaning environment (58%) and/or use of insecticides (25%) were the main measures implemented in controlling of mosquitoes. Mosquito net ownership (87.4%) and use (67%) were high.Conclusion Most of the residents of Kinshasa had limited knowledge on the roles of mosquitoes in the transmission of pathogenic viruses in both humans and animals. Raising awareness and educational sessions are essential in empowering the community on the correct attitudes and practices in order to effectively manage the risk posed by MBVD.
Occurrence, distribution and virulence factors of clinically important Acinetobacter species recovered from selected freshwater resources in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Adewoyin Mary Ayobami , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi
Published: September 2019

Background : Several Acinetobacter species live in different ecosystems such as soil, freshwater, wastewater, and solid wastes. In this study, we assessed the occurrence of A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis , which are the major two clinically important species of the genus Acinetobacter , in three freshwater resources (Great Fish, Keiskemma, and Tyhume rivers) in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa over a one year sampling regime (April 2017 - March 2018). Presumptive Acinetobacter species were subjected to molecular identification by using Acinetobacter genus-specific primers targeting the recA gene. The confirmed Acinetobacter species were further delineated into A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis using species-specific primer sets. Similarly, virulence genes, namely; afa/draBC, epsA, fimH, OmpA, PAI, sfa/focDE , and traT in the two Acinetobacter species were also determined using molecular techniques. Result : A total of 1107 presumptive Acinetobacter isolates were recovered from the freshwater resources of which 844 was confirmed positive for the Acinetobacter genus. Of the 844 Acinetobacter isolates, 285 (77%), 219 (70.9%) and 340 (79%) were recovered from Great Fish, Keiskemma and Tyhume rivers respectively. Our finding revealed that 410 (48.58%) and 23 (2.7%) of the isolates were confirmed to be A. baumannii and A. nosocomalis , respectively. The presence of these clinically-important Acinetobacter species in the freshwater studied suggests possible contamination of the selected rivers and also that A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis can thrive in aquatic environments. Besides, 308 (75.12%) A. baumannii and 3 (13.04%) A. nosocomialis isolates exhibited one or more virulence genes out of the seven tested, whereas 102 (24.88%) and 20 (86.95%) of the A. baumannii and A. nosocomialis isolates did not harbour any virulence gene. Additionally, OmpA was the most prevalent (p<0.05) virulence gene in A. baumannii with 69 (45.10%), 52 (50.98%) and 77 (49.68%) isolates in Great Fish, Keiskamma and Tyhume rivers respectively. Conclusion : The occurrence of these pathogens in rivers which are consumed by humans and livestock, as well as being used for irrigation system constitutes a risk to public health. Keywords: Freshwater resources, Molecular characterisation, Acinetobacter species, virulence gene s.
Nilotinib, a Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) inhibitor, induces apoptosis and inhibits migration in breast cancer
Authors: Yu Shufang , Wang Shuang , Xie Yanping , Bao Aina , Li Jing , Ye Tingting , Yang Chu , Lin Bin , Yang Minghua
Published: September 2019

Background: Overexpression of Discoidin domain receptor 1(DDR1) is known to enhance the malignancy of breast cancer considerably. This study reports the identification of a potent DDR1 inhibitor, Nilotinib for the treatment of breast cancer.
Methods: MTT assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Nilotinib and meantime we used flow cytometry to evaluate the pro-apoptotic activity of Nilotinib against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Expression of DDR1 was manipulated in MCF-7 cell lines with low level DDR1 expression by transfecting with plasmids containing by shRNA. The effect of DDR1 or treatment with Nilotinib on cell migration was assayed. The expression of p-DDR1, DDR1, p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2 and E-cadherin，Vimentin, Snail1 were detected by western blot and immuno-fluorescent staining .
Results: Nilotinib against MCF-7 (IC 50 =0.403 μM) and MDA-MB-231 (IC 50 =0.819 μM) and also indicated induced apoptotic cell death after co-cuturing with Nilotinib (500 nM), apoptosis rate is 29.60 % ± 2.19% and 18.75 % ± 2.30% respective ly. Moreover, Nilotinib effectually blocked cellular migration of MCF-7. Interestingly, Knock-down DDR1 could significantly block the migration of breast cancer, meantime the sensitivity of Nilotinib to MCF-7 was reduced.
Conclusion: Targeting DDR1 therapeutically could potentially affect survival and influence metabolism in breast cancer, and Nilotinib could as a candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento para evaluar el desarrollo de los niños en los programas de intervención temprana del Perú
Authors: Fuentes Avila Xavier
Published: September 2019

La presente investigación ha tenido como propósito principal diseñar y validar un instrumento para evaluar el desarrollo de los niños menores de tres años con discapacidad o en riesgo de adquirirla. Se determinó una muestra de 412 niños provenientes de 21 programas de intervención temprana de las tres regiones naturales del Perú. Para el efecto se ha empleado el método Kuder-Richardson, verificándose la consistencia interna de los ítems correspondientes a las edades de 8 meses en adelante. La cantidad de niños evaluados en las edades menores que 8 meses, no ha permitido determinar el coeficiente de consistencia interna. Se describe características de los niños con discapacidad, en función de variables como área de desarrollo, región de procedencia y nivel de pobreza monetaria.
Study on compressing principle of the fresh municipal solid waste
Authors: Lu Yongneng , Zhao Erfei , Zhou Zhenping , Wang Mingwei
Published: September 2019

Compression garbage trucks mainly work on fresh municipal solid waste (MSW), while fresh MSW has complex composition, high compressibility, high water content. Less research has been done about fresh MSW. Its uncertain mechanical property limits the simulation of garbage compression process, thereby limits the compressor structure analysis and optimization for compression garbage trucks. In order to obtain the mechanical properties of fresh MSW, a special test device combining the direct shear test with the confined compression test was designed, manufactured and assembled. A total fifteen tests from four batches fresh MSW were conducted with the special test devices. And the Duncan-Chang constitutive model parameters by summarizing and organizing test data. Finally, the confined compression test was simulated with the constitutive model, and the constitutive model parameters was verified. The research provides a basis for the simulation of garbage compression process of the compression garbage truck.
Modeling and vibration analysis of twin-rotor system interconnected by a Hooke’s joint (Part A)
Authors: Tchomeni Bernard Xavier , Alugongo Alfayo Anyika , Masu Leonard
Published: September 2019

This paper explores the model for the analysis of two misaligned Jeffcott rotors flexibly-coupled through a Hooke’s joint. The aim is to present a transmission on non-linear shafts-coupling model subjected to elastic deformation. The model provides some insight into the transmission motion on misaligned rotor-system under the influences of unbalance and helps to understand the dynamic characteristics of the coupling twin-rotor system. Modelled results reveal that the unbalance and Hooke’s joint in the drive and driven shafts lead to alternating stress fields in the rotating shafts.
Numerical analysis of a vertical rotor rub system partially immersed in inviscid incompressible fluid
Authors: Sozinando Desejo Filipeson , Tchomeni Bernard Xavier , Alugongo Alfayo Anyika
Published: September 2019

Two-dimensional linearized Navier-Stokes equations have been used to model the inviscid fluid forces acting on a vertical rotor-cylindrical stator system partially immersed in an inviscid incompressible fluid. The response of the fluid-stator-system subjected to subsequent fault feature extraction. The influences of parameters of the fluid system, among them, fluid density, and mass ratio on the unstable contact zones are analyzed. It is shown that for an effective prediction of rub-impact in a submerged rotor system, the influence of the fluid mass on the stability of the system is an important dynamic factor. It is revealed, that the fluid forces increase the amplitude of vibration, while the frequency of oscillation is reduced, phenomena that stabilise the isotropic vertical rotor-stator system.
Impact of selected sources of transport vibrations on the perception of vibrations by people in buildings
Authors: Kowalska-Koczwara Alicja
Published: September 2019

Vibrations propagating through the soil into the building can not only be harmful to the building structure or cause its accelerated wear, but can also effect on the vibrational comfort in the rooms. They can also be annoying for residents and building users, and in extreme cases can lead to sleep disorders, headaches and neurotic conditions. Especially vibrations from the low frequency range from 5 to 25 Hz are undesirable, because there are resonance frequencies of human internal organs in this frequency range. The human perception of vibrations in buildings, despite many researches made in the past, despite standards and requirements in this area, is still a topic not fully understood mainly due to the subjective nature of the perception of vibrations by various people. It is widely known that the type of transport vibration source has an impact on human perception. Vibrations generated by above-ground sources are more felt on the upper floors as opposed to vibrations generated from the underground. In this paper three types of transport vibrations are analyzed on one chosen building located in Warsaw. Human perception of vibration is evaluated according to two methods: root mean squared (RMS) and vibration dose value (VDV).
Mutation Analysis of ABL1 Gene and its Relation to the Achievement of Major Molecular Response in Indonesian Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients
Authors: Widyastuti Reni , Louisa Melva , Rinaldi Ikhwan , Nova Riki , Instiaty Instiaty , Priambodo Rizky
Published: September 2019

Background:

Imatinib mesylate is the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved
for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) therapy. Imatinib is an effective drug. However,
previous studies have shown that about 20-30% of patients eventually would develop resistance
to imatinib. Approximately 40% of imatinib resistance is associated with BCRABL
kinase domain mutation. One of the most common and serious variations account for
imatinib response is T315I of ABL1 gene.

Objective:

The study aimed to examine the association of T315I mutation with the ABL1
gene and its relation to major molecular response (MMR) achievement in CML patients.
This study also examined other mutations adjacent to T315I, i.e., F311I, F317L, and different
possible variations in the ABL1 gene.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study on Indonesian CML patients in chronic phase.
We analyzed 120 blood samples from patients in chronic phase who have received
imatinib mesylate (IM) for ≥12 months.

Results:

There were no T315I, F311I, and F317L mutations found in this study. However,
we found another variation, which was 36 substitutions from A to G at position 163816 of
ABL1 gene (according to NG_012034.1).

Conclusions:

We found no T315I, F311I, and F317L mutations in this study. Our findings
suggest that there might be other factors that influenced the MMR achievement in our
study patients. However, there were 36 substitutions from A to G at position 163.816 (according
to NG_012034.1) that needed further examination to explore the significance of
this mutation in clinical practice.
Aprendendo Ativamente na Veterinária
Authors: Bracagioli Neto Alberto , Araujo Wagner Saionara
Published: September 2019

A aprendizagem ativa é um conjunto de práticas que busca envolver o aluno na construção colaborativa do seu processo de aprendizagem. Existem inúmeros métodos, softwares e perspectivas na aprendizagem ativa que ocorreram na última década e que desafiam a docência contemporânea. No entanto a infraestrutura e os espaços físicos nas Universidades não deixam de ser um outro grande desafio para a aplicação da aprendizagem ativa. Esse artigo tem por objetivo relatar uma experiência ocorrida na Faculdade de Veterinária da UFRGS. Este processo inicia em 2013 com a discussão da necessidade de readequação curricular à luz das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Surgindo assim a discussão sobre os processos de ensino aprendizagem e a necessidade da adoção de metodologias ativas em sala de aula. Esse processo mostrou a necessidade premente da capacitação dos professores para o uso de metodologias ativas e colaborativas, bem como, a iniciativa de um grupo de professores de aprender novas praticas de ensinar-aprender.
Polytechnics as Institutions for Intraregional Collaboration for Skills Development in Africa
Authors: F. Kutsanedzie , . Mensah E.
Published: September 2019

The Polytechnics in Ghana were established and given the mandate enshrined in the Constitution of Ghana under the Act of Parliament of the Republic of Ghana (Act 745) to train students in the fields of Science, Technology, Applied Social Science and Applied Art to serve the middle-manpower management needs of the country. In addition, the polytechnics are to provide skills development, conduct and publish industry driven research findings. Polytechnic graduate are expected by employers and captains of industry to be more practical-skilled and biased by virtue of their training. However, over the years, it appears the polytechnic graduate training is becoming more of theoretical rather than what was initially intended. Commentaries of stakeholders reveal that the polytechnics are gradually losing their focus vis-Ã -vis the practical training of students as they are fast comparing themselves to the universities. This paper uses observation of the polytechnics educational system, interviews with stakeholders and other secondary data as the bases to critically examine and identify the conditions that hamper the practical training of the polytechnic students â€“ practical content of syllabi; teacher â€“ student ratio in the face of high student intake; qualification of lecturers in terms of practical training. It thus recommends ways by which the polytechnics can improve upon the practical training of its student via mobilizing and utilizing its resources to create industries to facilitate the training of its students as well as reducing graduate unemployment. This thus will serve as lynch-pin to drive the countryâ€™s industrialization process.
Perceptions of Auditors in Malaysia on the Important Items of Internet Financial Reporting
Authors: Azli Mohd Noor
Published: September 2019

This study investigates the perceptions of auditors regarding the important items in the disclosure of content and presentation dimension that can be used to describe the level of internet financial reporting (IFR). Questionnaires were distributed to 100 auditors. A total of 40 questionnaires were completed and returned, giving a response rate of 40 percent. From the survey, it was found that the five most important items in the content dimension are income statement of current year, income statement of past years, cash flow statement of current year, notes to financial statements of current year and balance sheet of current year. Meanwhile, in the presentation dimension, five most items important to disclosure are loading time of the website below 10 seconds, annual report in PDF format, hyperlinks inside the annual report, ability to download reports and hyperlinks to financial analysts. Finally, the limitation of this study and future research will also be discussed.
A Comparative Study of Government and Private School Teachers to Explore the Causes of Absenteeism at Secondary Level in District Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Misbah
Published: September 2019

The major objective of the study was to compare the different reasons of absenteeism between private and public school teachers at secondary level in district Bahawalnagar, Punjab, Pakistan. Sample of 160 participants was selected.80 participants were from government schools and 80 were from private schools. A questionnaire was used as a research tool. For the analysis of data percentages were find out. It was find out that government teachers avail more leaves than private teacher. Job security, lenient attitude of principle, different functions in the family, transport problems and illness are the main reasons of the teachersâ€™ absenteeism from school. Teacher of private schools avail less leaves because they feel insecure and are unsatisfied with their jobs and working environment.
Attitude of Private School Teachers towards Teacher Eligibility Test, India
Authors: Murugan S.
Published: September 2019

Now-a-days the teacher education has some lack in quality. Because, the outcome of the quality teacher in teacher education colleges is low; some private management does not consider the quality of education and they depend on earning money. The present study investigates attitude of private school teachers towards Teacher Eligibility Test (TET). The tool of Attitude towards TET was constructed and standardized by the investigator. The data were collected from 327 private school teachers in Thanjavur District, India and simple random technique was used for the study. This study reveals that the attitude of private school teachers have high TET attitude and the private school teachers attitude is not significant with respect to gender, locality. Furthermore there is a significant difference in TET attitude between rural and urban area school teachers.
Studentsâ€™ Perceptions on the use of Technology in Language Teaching
Authors: Ngcobo Sandiso
Published: September 2019

Research on the use of technology in educational settings has tended to focus on the impact of technology on the educational outcomes. The other area that that has long been ignored in this research field, when it should form an integral part of research in educational technology, is historical background and views of the students on the technologyâ€™s role in achieving educational goals. The research theory that is relevant in this regard is cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) to additional language learning in education that is drawn from the cultural-historical psychology theory. One-hundred and five participants completed a survey questionnaire. The findings reveal that 66% of the respondents come from families where there are no computers at home and 57% have no good knowledge of computer use even though 53% claim to have been introduced to the use of computers at their last schools. Despite this, the respondents show overwhelming support for the use of technology in higher education. The results are important in that they give hope on the acceptance and possible independent use of technology by students to improve their English proficiency once they have been introduced to technology in language learning.
Mahatma Gandhiâ€™s Education: A Lesson on Philosophy and Cultural Barriers to Peace in Intercultural Societies-The Indian-Mauritian Case Study
Authors: GUNPUTH Rajendra Parsad
Published: September 2019

Cultural barriers2 in terms of castes, religions and politics have been a major obstacle to most Hindus especially in inter-multicultural countries like India or Mauritius with serious impacts on peace. And any international organisation, especially the UNESCO 3, would disprove it. However, are interculturality and peace4 related and if yes5 to what extent? In a contextual approach, this paper deals with cultural barriers to peace reflecting the revival of the doctrine of Indian avatars focusing on to what extent human rights may also include the doctrine of Mahatma Gandhi to achieve peace in a multicultural society 6? Cultural barriers to peace in a multicultural country like Mauritius had already been encountered in India by Mahatma Gandhi. Castes, religion, creed and colour and political appurtenance have undermined peace in India and we may be influenced of the work and philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi to inspire our political leaders, citizens and other religious groups to overcome the same barriers in the same way he did that is non-violence. However, Mahatma Gandhi has never been a political leader per se but a religious man instead. Through a contextual approach and without taboo, the co-authors try to reflect on the subject matter with particular reference to the Mauritian case study, to what extent Gandhiâ€™s philosophy is useful and omnipresent today and to what extent it can shed light in our fragile inter-multicultural society to avoid tensions among the different and existing social, religious and political groups.
Comparison among different precursor prostatespecific antigen isoform derivatives on prostate cancer prediction in patients with serum prostatespecific antigen bellow 10 ng/ml
Authors: Stojadinovic Milorad , Pantic Damnjan , Andjelkovic Marija , Stojadinovic Miroslav
Published: September 2019

Introduction/Objective. The precursor prostate-specific antigen (proPSA) especially its isoform p2PSA is useful in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the prediction value of different p2PSA derivatives remains unclear. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of the p2PSA, percentage of p2PSA to free PSA (%p2PSA), prostate health index (Phi), and one prostate dimension-adjusted index, p2PSA density (p2PSAD), with each other for PCa prediction in patients with serum PSA 10 ng/ml or less. Methods. This prospective study included patients who had undergone ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies and p2PSA testing. The data about patients? clinicopathological characteristics were collected and %p2PSA, p2PSAD and Phi were calculated. Different aspect of predictive performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the specificities at set sensitivities, and clinical utility using decision curve analyses (DCA). Results. PCa was diagnosed in 23 (32.4%) out of 71 patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that only the Phi and digital rectal examination were independent predictors of PCa. The AUC of p2PSA, %p2PSA, p2PSAD and Phi were 76.2%, 81.5%, 88.7%, 89.6%, respectively. At pre-specified sensitivity of 90% and 95%, Phi demonstrated a greater specificity than the other p2PSA derivatives. Phi and p2PSAD lead to the higher net benefit in DCA. Conclusion. Compared with other p2PSA derivatives Phi is the most useful parameter for selection of the patients that do not need to be undergone to biopsy and thereby avoiding unnecessary procedures.
Hubungan Biaya Keagenan, Resiko Pasar dan Kesempatan Investasi dengan Kebijakan Deviden
Authors: Fauzan Fauzan
Published: September 2019

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Peran Informasi Akuntansi dalam Pengendalian Organisasi: The State of the Art
Authors: Triyono Triyono
Published: September 2019

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Pelimpahan Wewenang sebagai Variabel Intervening dalam Hubungan antara Partisipasi Penyusunan Anggaran terhadap Kinerja Manajerial
Authors: Suparwati Suparwati
Published: September 2019

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Pengaruh Penerimaan, Perlakuan dan Komitmen terhadap Karir Auditor
Authors: Bawono Andy Dwi Bayu , Purbasari Happy , Trisnawati Rina
Published: September 2019

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Kinerja Industri Kecil dan Menengah Pemrosesan Makanan di Malaysia dan Indonesia
Authors: Wiyadi Wiyadi , Shahadan Faridah
Published: September 2019

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Peran Corporate Social Responsibility dalam Nilai Perusahaan
Authors: Gunawan Barbara , Utami Suharti Sri
Published: September 2019

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Kepuasan Kerja dan Dampaknya terhadap Unjuk Kerja Guru di Gugus Pantai Kartini UPT Dinas Pendidikan Kecamatan Mojolaban (Tinjauan Aspek Keteladanan Pimpinan dan Ketrampilan Pemanfaatan Media)
Authors: Sugiati Emi
Published: September 2019

This research aims to describe : 1) the contribution of leader exemplary and learning media model through indirect satisfied concerning the characteristic of the teacher performance, 2) The contribution of leader exemplary and the satisfied learning media model, 3) the satisfied of the teacher performance. The result is expected to gave information to the headmaster, so its can become reconciliation to increase the school work and for the teacher they can get a feet-back about the increase of the work. This quantitative research has used inquiry method that proved valid and reliable and documentations method a means of principal data collecting, and to test direct and indirect contribution between keteladanan leadership, study media, satisfaction and performance teacher at coast cluster Kartini UPT district Mojolaban education official use stripe analysis method (path Analysis). population in these watchfulness teachers coast cluster Pantai Kartini UPT district education official Mojolaban as much as 141 person, with sample as much as 106 person. The result show that : 1) The leader exemplary and learning media give direct contribution for the teacher performance, 2) The leader exemplary and learning media give direct significant to the satisfied, 3) The satisfied give direct contribution and significant for the performance of the teacher in coast cluster Pantai Kartini Education Official UPTD Mojolaban sub district.
Decolonialidade e práticas emancipatórias: a SOTER e o seu compromisso social
Authors: Nunes Gilberto Dias , Nobre José Aguiar
Published: September 2019

Como um relato de experiência, o texto pretende fazer ecoar a grande relevância do trabalho da SOTER (Sociedade de Teologia e Ciências da Religião), que há 32 anos vem refletindo sobre as temáticas mais intrigantes e necessárias para a defesa da vida e o avanço nos debates em torno do sentido da vida, bem como da construção de espaço de diálogos e reflexões acerca dos problemas da contemporaneidade. O trigésimo segundo congresso internacional, deste ano de 2019, não foi diferente. Em torno da problemática da decolonialidade como busca de práticas emancipatórias, os congressistas se debruçaram para refletir, partilhar e debater. Com uma programação admirável e intensa, o congresso se realizou entre os dias 09 a 12 de julho, sediado na PUC-Minas.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI BAGIAN KEUANGAN SEKRETARIAT DAERAH KABUPATEN CIAMIS
Authors: Ariffin Hari Busthomi
Published: September 2019

Undang-Undang Nomor 23 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah, setiap pemerintah daerah diberi ruang dan kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengurus sendiri urusan pemerintahannya. Kepemimpinan merupakan hal yang sangat perlu diperhatikan dalam penyelenggaraan organisasi/pemerintahan. Kepemimpinan transformasional merupakan pemimpin yang mampu menjadi motor penggerak perubahan (transformation) guna menciptakan bentuk kerjasama yang baik dan menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang harmonis dengan menguasai visi, misi dan tujuan organisasi, sehingga mampu mengoptimalkan kinerja pegawai dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi.

Ada beberapa faktor kurangnya pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Bagian Keuangan Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Ciamis, yaitu:

Pemimpin belum optimal dalam memberikan perhatian kepada seluruh pegawainya agar bekerja secara optimal.

Sumber daya manusia yang kurang cakap dan kurang kompeten dalam melakukan tugasnya.

Tekanan kerja yaitu tekanan internal yang dapat menghambat kinerja pegawai.

Secara teoritis, fakta tersebut berkaitan dengan penerapan Kepemimpinan Transformasional di Bagian Keuangan Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Ciamis belum optimalnya, berdasarkan prinsip Idealized influence, Intellectual stimulation, Inspiration motivation, Individualized consideration. Masalah-masalah tersebut berkaitan dengan Kepemimpinan Transformasional yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kinerja pegawai di Bagian Keuangan Sekretariat Daerah Kabupaten Ciamis, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan peningkatan pelayanan publik yang prima kepada masyarakat.
Teknologi Sediaan Oral Lapis Tipis Terlarut Cepat (Fast Dissolving Film)
Authors: Fajria Tengku Ruhul , Nuwarda Rina Fajri
Published: September 2019

Teknologi sediaan oral lapis tipis terlarut cepat pertama kali dikembangkan pada tahun 1970-an sebagai alternatif dari penggunaan tablet untuk beberapa pasien yang mengalami kesulitan dalam menelan (anak-anak dan geriatri). Film lapis tipis menjadi sebuah pendekatan baru untuk bentuk sediaan obat karena penggunaannya yang lebih mudah dan lebih nyaman dibandingkaan dengan bentuk sediaan oral. Film lapi tipis terlarut cepat adalah bentuk sediaan padat tipis yang ketika ditempatkan dimulut akan larut dalam beberapa detik, sehingga oabat-obat dapat langsung menuju sirkulasi sistemik tanpa mengalami first pass effect metabolism. Formulasi film lapis tipis terdiri atas zat aktif dan eksipien (polimer, plasticizer, pemanis, perisa, dan lainnya). Film yang ideal harus memiliki sifat-sifat seperti warna yang seragam, rasa yang disukai, stabilitas tinggi, dan penangan yang mudah.Kata kunci: oral, film lapis tipis, terlarut cepat
Distribution of Water Phantom BNCT Cyclotron based Using PHITS
Authors: Maimanah Siti , Maimanah Siti , Susilo Susilo , Sardjono Yohannes
Published: September 2019

This research purpose is to estimate the dose distribution of BNCT in water phantom. Some common methods in the treatment of cancer such as brakhiterapi, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy still have the risk of damaging healthy tissue around cancer cells. BNCT is a selectively-designed technique by targeting high-loaded LET particles to tumors at the cellular level. BNCT proves to be a powerful method of killing cancer without damaging normal tissue. The source of the neutron used from the cyclotron dose in water phantom with the size of 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm was calculated using PHITS program. The result from the simulation is that boron water panthom has a dosimetri higher than phantom water without boron.
Dose Analysis in Boron Neutron-capture Cancer Therapy (BNCT) Neutron Generator Based for Breast Cancer
Authors: Pramusinta Rawi , Pramusinta Rawi , Zailani R , Sardjono Yohannes
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to know the concentration of boron and irradiation times which optimizes the treatment of breast cancer using the BNCT method. This research was conducted by using MCNPX simulation which outputs are flux neutron, neutron scattering dose and gamma dose. The neutron source used is the BSA D-D Neutron generator model. The independent variable of this research is the boron concentration injected into the cancer. The dependent variable is the total dose rate and irradiation time which determines the effectiveness of  BNCT therapy. The controlled variables are the output of the neutron flux, dose and gamma neutron scattering dose. The results showed that in the range of 70-150 µg/g, the dose rate received by cancer increases with increasing the concentration of boron-10. If the dose rate is increased, the irradiation time interval will be faster. The Boron dose of 70 μg/g and the dose rate of irradiation 0.00293603 Gy/sec needs an irradiation time of 409.43 minutes; the boron dose of 90 µg/g and the dose rate of irradiation 0.00241049 Gy/sec needs an irradiation time of 345.71 minutes; the boron dose of 110 µg/g and the dose rate of irradiation 0.00271236 Gy/sec needs an irradiation time of 307.24 minutes; the boron dose of 130 µg/g and the dose rate of irradiation 0.00303389 Gy/sec needs an irradiation time of 274.67 minutes; and the boron dose 150 µg/g and the dose rate of irradiation 0.00334565 Gy/sec needs an irradiation time of 249.08 minutes. The Optimum concentration of boron is 150 µg/g with irradiation time of 249.08 minutes.
The Inverse Infinite Spiral Placement of Prime Numbers and Their Derivatives at the Cone of Pythagoras 1:3
Authors: Cameron Vinoo
Published: September 2019

All mathematics of placement in this paper is mathematically absolute and precise by clear mathematics. This paper(section1) is the very basic “synopsis” of an upcoming book by the author “The God of Papa Einstein and Sir Isaac Newton “. It delineates the predictable expanding spirals of the prime numbers and their derivatives, by two cords, that hug the half-line of the 1:3 Pythagoras inverse cone. The inner spiral of all predictable spirals of prime numbers and their derivatives and the outer spiral at the predictable template of a spiral of prime number 5(+10,+20 alternate), which is the exact replicate of the inner spiral of prime numbers and their derivatives. The two spirals expand at two separate predictable geometric intervals, the outer spiral expanding predictably slower than the inner spiral as a replicate in geometric placement and in a sieve . These prime numbers and their derivatives ( Pseudo prime numbers) are sieved by placement in the continuum  by a  predictable formula demonstrated by the table at the end of this paper.

In a separate exhaustive (Section 11) of this paper to be submitted separately, the author along with a contributing physicist discusses the synopsis of the  patent configuration of prime numbers at the 1:3 cone, that is the  genesis of the curvature of space and format -1 zero by the placement of prime numbers and their derivatives .”The mother of all science is mathematics”, this paper celebrates that dictum.
Systemic Granulomatous Pathology in Two Captive Alligator Mississippiensis
Authors: Rizac Raluca Ioana , Soare Teodoru , Ciobotaru-Pîrvu Emilia , Militaru Manuella
Published: September 2019

The literature in this field cites various ubiquitous fungal and bacterial microorganisms as etiologic agents in severely stressed captive alligators and crocodiles. This study reports two cases of Alligator mississippiensis with bacterial and fungal disease. Two adult American alligators have been submitted for post-mortem investigations. Necropsy, cytology (MGG), and histopathology investigations (HE, HEA, PAS, Gram, Giemsa, Ziehl Neelsen) were carried out. Pleural and pericardial swabs were subjected to microbiological examination. The main lesions detected involved the lower respiratory system and were characterized by thoracic serosanguineous effusions, pleural and pulmonary nodules (1 – 80 mm), accompanied by edema. Similar nodules observed also in the liver, spleen and myocardium, suggested a systemic disease. Additionally, cutaneous, gingival and gastrointestinal erosions and ulcers were found. Cytoarchitecture findings in the major organs revealed lymphoid depletion, multifocal to coalescing necrotic areas with coccoid aggregates and rod shaped bacteria intermixing fungal structures, boarded by heterogeneous inflammatory infiltrates, composed by epithelioid macrophages, lymphocytes and heterophils. The microbiological examination revealed the presence of Aeromonas hydrophila, A. caviae, Serratia marcescens, Pantoea agglomerans, Proteus vulgaris, haemolitic and non-haemolitic E. coli, Citrobacter freundii, Rhizopus/Absidia from pleural and pericardial cavities, concluding that death occurred following a bacterial and fungal pneumonia, with secondary spreading of microorganisms. Along with the low immune response, severe stress was the main possible cause, as a result of environmental temperature changes during the winter, as well as other husbandry issues.
Green Nanotechnology in Nigeria: The Research Landscape, Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Elegbede Joseph Adetunji , Lateef Agbaje
Published: September 2019

In this treatise, we examined the activities of researchers of Nigeria descent in the frontier areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology, with a focus on green nanotechnology. The exploration of literature published by scholars were reviewed and compartmentalized on the basis of applications of the nanomaterials. It can be concluded that the level of activities in this area is expanding owing to the emergence of more published works since the beginning of 2010. However, in comparison with research outputs from other developing African countries such as South Africa and Egypt, activities in green nanotechnology are still at low ebb in Nigeria. Issues that are contributory to the slow pace were identified and appropriate solutions in terms of improved funding of education, enactment of national policy on nanotechnology, curriculum development, international cooperation as well as human resource development among others were discussed.
Agnosticism, Inquiry, and Unanswerable Questions
Authors: Archer Avery
Published: September 2019

In her paper “Why Suspend Judging?” Jane Friedman has argued that being agnostic about some question entails that one has an inquiring attitude towards that question. Call this the agnostic-as-inquirer thesis. I argue that the agnostic-as-inquirer thesis is implausible. Specifically, I maintain that the agnostic-as-inquirer thesis requires that we deny the existence of a kind of agent that plausibly exists; namely, one who is both agnostic about Q because they regard their available evidence as insufficient for answering Q and who decides not to inquire into Q because they believe Q to be unanswerable. I claim that it is not only possible for such an agent to exist, but that such an agent is also epistemically permissible.
Net Working Capital Strategy Influencing Beta Coefficient based on Companies Listed on Newconnect Alternative Exchange in Warsaw
Authors: Bolek Monika
Published: September 2019

The goal of this paper is to present the net working capital strategies relationship with the systematic risk ratio, namely beta coefficient, that is a measure of a stock’s volatility in relation to the market. The strategy of financing assets reflected in net working capital is influencing the financial liquidity policy and the risk of the company thereafter. Decisions and strategies that are performed by management are assessed by investors when a company is listed on the exchange and should be reflected in share price volatility. The survey is based on quantitative analysis of NewConnect non-financial company data. The results of the analysis show that the relationship between net working capital indicators and beta coefficient is negative.
Fiscal Instruments Supporting Families in Poland in the Years 2004-2017
Authors: Wojciuk Michał , Zegarowicz Łukasz
Published: September 2019

The main objective of the study was an attempt to describe the policy for supporting families with children in Poland in the years 2004-2017 in the context of traditional support instruments. The following research methods were used in the article: analysis of the literature on the subject and legal acts, analysis of statistical data and comparative analysis. The study uses statistical data from reports of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Family, Labor and Social Policy. The study did not confirm the research hypothesis which says that in the analyzed period, tax preferences were the dominant instrument of support for families in Poland. Shifting the burden of family policy towards direct benefits is unlikely to increase the transparency of this policy. With the introduction of new family benefits at a high level, which are the subject of exemption from personal income tax, public spending made with the use of tax expenditures will also increase. The lack of detailed and cyclical reporting of this type of expenditure in Poland reduces the transparency of the family policy.