bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Insights into Potent Anti-ulcer Agents for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Sambhaji Misal Snehal , Balasaheb Bhor Vedant , Subramanian Chelakara Ramaa
Published: May 2024

:

Helicobacter pylori is the primary bacterium in the development of gastric cancer;
thus, its eradication for the prevention and management of peptic ulcers is of utmost importance.
Most primary or unexplained peptic ulcers are brought on by Helicobacter pylori infection,
which also causes chronic inflammation. The lack of therapeutic compliance, antibiotic resistance,
and the breakdown of antibiotics at gastric pH all contribute to the current eradication
rates. Therefore, a recent area of focus is the hunt for novel therapeutics with great selectivity
against H. pylori.

:

This review focuses on elucidating the landscape of anti-H. pylori compounds derived from
both synthetic drug design programs and natural sources. Emphasis is placed on understanding
the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and their mechanisms of action.

:

Furthermore, the potential of drug repurposing strategies to combat H. pylori infection is explored.
By providing a comprehensive overview of major classes of anti-H. pylori compounds,
this study aims to guide the development of new medications for the treatment of Helicobacter
pylori infection. Ultimately, this review highlights promising avenues for future research and
therapeutic interventions in the management of H. pylori -associated gastric cancer.
Ethnopharmacological Survey of the Iranian Coastline of Makran Based
on the Unani Medicine
Authors: Sadeghi Zahra , Rigi Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyed Hamzeh , Rahdari Reza , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: May 2024

Background::

Makran is a semi-desert coastal strip that extends from southeastern
Iran to Baluchestan, Pakistan, on the coast of the Oman Sea. This region has a special place in
the country and enjoys the cultural diversity of the Baluch people.

Aim::

As no specific ethnopharmacological data are available for the Makran coastline, the present
work was undertaken to document and analyze traditional knowledge of medicinal approaches
used by Baluch communities (Chabahar and Konarak counties) during 2021-2023 in
the Sistan and Baluchestan province.

Methods::

Data were collected through direct observations during comprehensive field surveys,
comprehensive questionnaires, and interviews with local traditional practitioners, herbal healers,
and grocery and itinerant sellers of medicinal plants and minerals.

Results::

Because of its strategic location, ethnomedicine knowledge of this area has been influenced
by Indian and Pakistani medicine and has been endowed with a marvelous diversity of
therapeutic approaches, such as Unani or Ayurvedic systems of traditional medication for the
treatment of different diseases. Herbal integration, mineral (kushtas), mud, and music and heat
therapy are examples of medicinal approaches utilized in the study area. A total of 74 potential
medicinal plants belonging to 41 families and 6 mineral drugs have been identified to be traditionally
used for remedial measures against special diseases. The inventory of medicinal plants
showed that Fabaceae, Solanaceae, and Malvaceae dominated other plant families. Out of the
total documented species in this area, some species were used as medicine in at least two or further
forms in the local communities. The results have shown that musculoskeletal (SKE-L),
digestive (GAS-D), and respiratory (RES-R) diseases have high ICF (>0.90). In terms of
temperament, 37% of the medicinal plants used in this region have been found to be hot and dry,
28% hot and moist, and 25% cold and dry. Also, 77% of the medicinal plants have been found to
have two degrees of toxicity. Spearman's correlation showed a moderate correlation between
temperament and phytochemical compounds (r=0.31). Comparing our data with ethnopharmacological
references in Iran revealed that applications of minerals (kushtas) have not been
investigated in other provinces and are significant in this region.

Conclusion::

The culture of the coast of Makran is rich in the local knowledge of traditional
medicine. In addition to herbal medicines, mineral substances are also used in this area, which
are a good source for the treatment of various ailments. The Unani medical system and the composition
of herbal medicine (multi-ingredients) are the main features of medicinal methods used
at the Makran coastline. The variety of treatment methods used by the Baluch people can suggest
a suitable candidate for finding drugs.
Reappraisal of Traditional Persian Medicine in the Treatment of Epilepsy
and Seizure
Authors: Dahri Mohammad , Zarshenas Mohammad M. , Kashkooe Ali , Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
Published: May 2024

Background::

Epilepsy is a prevalent and serious brain disorder. Although drug
therapy is commonly used to treat epilepsy, a significant portion of patients experience
drug-resistant seizures. Alternative treatments such as ketogenic diets, brain neurostimulators,
and surgical resection are available but may not be suitable for all patients. Traditional
Persian Medicine (TPM) manuscripts offer insights into various therapeutic approaches for
epilepsy.

Aim::

This study aims to compile and discuss the use of herbal therapies for epilepsy as outlined
in ancient Persian manuscripts. Additionally, this study investigates the antiepileptic activities
and mechanisms of actions of herbal remedies using contemporary medical literature

Methods::

Two main search strategies were employed. Firstly, ancient Persian pharmaceutical
manuscripts were analyzed to extract information about herbal remedies for epilepsy. These
manuscripts included five primary texts that are highly regarded in TPM. Secondly, contemporary
electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were
searched to obtain information on the antiepileptic activities and mechanisms of action of the
identified herbal remedies. Furthermore, the models/methods and extract types utilized in the
studies were retrieved.

Results::

The ancient Persian manuscripts revealed the identification of 102 medicinal plants
used for the treatment of epilepsy, with the Apiaceae family being the most recommended. The
most common route of administration was oral, but topical and nasal application methods were
also mentioned. However, limited information regarding adverse effects was provided. Out of
the 102 plants, 67 with scientifically approved names were included in the study. According to
the recent literature review, many of these plants exhibited antiepileptic activities in animal studies,
with their mechanisms of action primarily involving the GABAergic, opioid, and NMDA
systems. Moreover, the MAO-A inhibitory properties of these plants, as a previously confirmed
antiepileptic mechanism, were assessed.

Conclusion::

The findings of this study highlight a wide range of medicinal plants used in TPM
for epilepsy treatment. Several of these plants have demonstrated antiepileptic properties in animal
studies, suggesting their potential effectiveness. Further research is needed to evaluate the
efficacy and safety of these herbal remedies in human participants. The outcomes of such research
may potentially lead to the development of new antiepileptic treatments with reduced side
effects.
Molecular Mechanisms of Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre against
Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Wen Zichen , Sheng Wenbing , Yang Yupei , Li Bin , Zhou Xudong , Yuan Hanwen , Daniyal Muhammad , Qiu Yixing , Yu Huanghe , Yao Zhijian , Cai Xiong , Wang Wei , Peng Caiyun
Published: May 2024

Background::

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (P. hydropiper) has long been used
for the treatment of parasitic diseases by the Chinese ethnic minority “Tujia” people residing in
the mountainous area of southwestern China.

Objectives::

Our previous experiments have demonstrated remarkable pharmacological effects of
P. hydropiper against Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei). The present study aimed to investigate
the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-trypanosomiasis activity of P. hydropiper

Methods::

Thirty-nine common targets of P. hydropiper and trypanosomiasis were obtained from
the databases, and these common targets were uploaded to the STRING database to obtain a protein-
protein interaction network diagram. Then, the hub genes of these common targets were
screened using the CytoHubba. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
(KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted by the Metascape. Subsequently,
the LeDock was used for molecular docking verification between the hub gene, antitrypanosomiasis
targets, and P. hydropiper. Finally, the most effective compound in P. hydropiper
revealed by the docking results was used for the verification of the antitrypanosomiasis
ability by western blotting analyses.

Results::

Enrichment analysis indicated that the anti-trypanosomiasis of P. hydropiper was more
frequently involved in mediating inflammation, probably by targeting interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor
necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9). Molecular
docking demonstrated that the bioactive compound quercitrin in P. hydropiper exhibited the
most stable binding mode with the trypanosomiasis target, and the compound previously confirmed
to inhibit T. brucei, vanicoside F, exhibited the highest stability with ornithine decarboxylase
(ODC) and cysteine protease (CYP). The western blotting results showed that quercitrin
significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation (mimicking T. brucei
infection) and decreased expression of IL-10.

Conclusion::

Our study demonstrated that P. hydropiper acts on T. brucei via the characteristics
of multiple targets and pathways with several components through network pharmacology and is
thus a potential candidate to be developed as a novel anti-trypanosomiasis drug.
Natural Dentin Remineralizing Agents
Authors: Ameen Shimaa Mahmoud
Published: May 2024

Dentin remineralization is vital for maintaining oral health and preventing
tooth decay. Natural dentin remineralizing agents have gained significant attention as a
promising alternative to synthetic remineralizing agents due to their biocompatibility,
low cost, and minimal adverse effects. This book chapter provides a comprehensive
overview of various natural dentin remineralizing agents and their potential
applications in dental therapy. The mechanisms underlying the remineralization
process, the properties and sources of natural dentin remineralizing agents, and the
techniques used for their extraction and formulation are discussed. Additionally, the in
vitro and in vivo studies investigating the effectiveness of natural dentin remineralizing
agents in restoring tooth mineralization and preventing dental caries are highlighted.
Finally, the future prospects and challenges are discussed. This book chapter provides a
valuable resource for dental professionals, researchers, and students interested in
natural dentin remineralization and its potential applications in dentistry.
Natural Dental Antioxidants
Authors: Essam Mona
Published: May 2024

Discoloration of teeth is a common concern among patients seeking
cosmetic treatment. The color of teeth can be affected by various factors, both internal
and external, such as ingestion of chemicals or consumption of foods that can cause
staining. Currently, there are numerous products available in the market that claim to
remove stains and whiten teeth. These options include professional prophylaxis,
bleaching gels applied to vital teeth for home use, or supervised application in a dental
office. Bleaching gels typically contain varying concentrations of carbamide or
hydrogen peroxide and are applied using different methods, resulting in different
activation mechanisms that promote tooth bleaching through oxi-reduction reactions.
Unfortunately, bleaching agents have an adverse effect on bonding to enamel. This is
because of the free radicals generated by the breakdown of hydrogen peroxidecontaining bleaching agents. The free radicals hinder the resin infiltration in the interprismatic spaces, inhibit resin polymerization , and restrict resin tag creation. These
free radicals are eliminated from the body within a span of 24 hours to 3 weeks, and the
bond strength to enamel is restored. So bonding should be postponed for 1-3 weeks so
that the bond strength is restored, but this waiting period is not always clinically
possible. The use of antioxidants could be a possible solution to immediately restore
the reduced bond strength. Antioxidants could be either synthetic or natural. Although
synthetic antioxidants proved to have the ability to restore bond strength, they have
many adverse effects. Natural antioxidants could be a good alternative to synthetic ones
with no side effects.
Recent Development in Oral Hygiene Products: From Product Development to Market
Authors: El Enshasy Hesham Ali , Niazy Maha Ahmed , Kamh Raghda , Heng Low Hock , Salaie Ranj Nadhim
Published: May 2024

Oral care or oral hygiene products become one of the main components of
our daily healthcare products with increased market growth. This is driven by the
increased awareness of the importance of a healthy lifestyle to prevent many diseases.
For years, many products in this market have been formulated based on pure chemicals,
categorized under the toxic category, which could have a negative impact on human
health as daily/regularly used products. With the increased awareness of the importance
of using natural alternative components as safe and non-toxic ingredients, growing
demands have been created for natural dental care products. In addition, with extensive
research on human microbiomes and their essential role in maintaining a healthy life
and enriching this type of healthy microbes as the first line in fighting against disease,
microbiome-friendly products and probiotics-enriched products have been recently
introduced to the market. Therefore, the need for innovative and safe products is in
high demand nowadays to fill a specific market gap in new niche areas. This chapter
addresses the recent developments in the oral hygiene products market and products
with comprehensive updates about the growth of the development of natural
ingredients-based products in this business sector.
Impact of employee silence on organizational performance: A case from Mogadishu universities
Authors:   Faculty of Management Science, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia, Dhaqane Mohamed Abdi
Published: May 2024

Organizational performance is crucial for success in today's competitive environment. This study focuses on how employee silence affects organizational performance in Mogadishu's universities. It aims to explore three factors: the impact of employee voice, fear of retaliation, and communication climate on organizational performance. The research employed a quantitative methodology, using descriptive and correlation designs. Data was gathered through an online questionnaire from 234 respondents across both public and private universities in Mogadishu. The findings indicate a positive relationship between employee voice, fear of retaliation, communication climate, and organizational performance. The study concludes that these factors positively influence employee performance in the universities studied. It highlights the need for a culture that supports employee voice, clear policies against retaliation, and transparent communication climates in higher education. These measures are vital for organizational leaders and policymakers to improve performance and tackle issues related to employee silence in educational settings. The study suggests creating a work environment that promotes open communication, addresses fear of retaliation, and supports employee voice, which could enhance organizational performance in Somalia's higher education sector, particularly in Mogadishu's universities.
Determining the Contribution of Physical Activity Constructs in Developing Intention to Exercise among Entrepreneurs
Authors: Abdelwahed Nadia A. Abdelmegeed
Published: May 2024

In the present era, a healthy life is a challenge for everyone. Therefore, diverting individuals' minds towards physical activity and exercise is necessary for the day. This paper proposes to inspect the impact of physical activity on the development of intention to exercise (ITE) among entrepreneurs. The quantitative study collected data from 383 Egyptian entrepreneurs through a survey questionnaire. Most respondents were males (n = 257 or 67.10%) against females (n = 126 or 32.90%). The range of age of the respondents remained as with a majority of respondents were 25-34 (n = 188 or 49.09%); 35-44 (n = 76 or 19.84%); 45-54 (n = 64 or 3.39%); 18-24 (n = 42 or 10.97%), and the minimum respondents were fifty-five and above years of age (n = 13 or 4.35%). Employing path analysis through analysis of moment structures (AMOS), the results unveil a positive impact of self-confidence on physical fitness (SCPF), enjoyment of exercise (EE), and exercise habit for health (EHH) on ITE. On the other hand, the effect of promoting holistic health (PHH) on ITE is negative. The study's findings highlight the importance of addressing psychological factors like self-confidence, enjoyment, and habit formation in promoting exercise intentions. Moreover, there may be a need to reconsider how holistic health is communicated and integrated into exercise programs to ensure a positive impact on individuals' intention to exercise.
Evaluation of the Clinical Efficacy and Trust in AI-Assisted Embryo Ranking: Survey-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Kim Hyung Min , Kang Hyoeun , Lee Chaeyoon , Park Jong Hyuk , Chung Mi Kyung , Kim Miran , Kim Na Young , Lee Hye Jun
Published: May 2024

Background

Current embryo assessment methods for in vitro fertilization depend on subjective morphological assessments. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for embryo assessment; however, its clinical efficacy and trustworthiness remain unproven. Simulation studies may provide additional evidence, provided that they are meticulously designed to mitigate bias and variance.

Objective

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of an AI model for predicting clinical pregnancy through well-designed simulations. The secondary objective was to identify the characteristics of and potential bias in the subgroups of embryologists with varying degrees of experience.

Methods

This simulation study involved a questionnaire-based survey conducted on 61 embryologists with varying levels of experience from 12 in vitro fertilization clinics. The survey was conducted via Google Forms (Google Inc) in three phases: (1) phase 1, an initial assessment (December 23, 2022, to January 22, 2023); (2) phase 2, a validation assessment (March 6, 2023, to April 5, 2023); and (3) phase 3 an AI-guided assessment (March 6, 2023, to April 5, 2023). Inter- and intraobserver assessments and the accuracy of embryo selection from 360 day-5 embryos before and after AI guidance were analyzed for all embryologists and subgroups of senior and junior embryologists.

Results

With AI guidance, the interobserver agreement increased from 0.355 to 0.527 and from 0.440 to 0.524 for junior and senior embryologists, respectively, thus reaching similar levels of agreement. In a test of accurate embryo selection with 90 questions, the numbers of correct responses by the embryologists only, embryologists with AI guidance, and AI only were 34 (38%), 45 (50%), and 59 (66%), respectively. Without AI, the average score (accuracy) of the junior group was 33.516 (37%), while that of the senior group was 35.967 (40%), with P<.001 in the t test. With AI guidance, the average score (accuracy) of the junior group increased to 46.581 (52%), reaching a level similar to that of the senior embryologists of 44.833 (50%), with P=.34. Junior embryologists had a higher level of trust in the AI score.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the potential benefits of AI in selecting embryos with high chances of pregnancy, particularly for embryologists with 5 years or less of experience, possibly due to their trust in AI. Thus, using AI as an auxiliary tool in clinical practice has the potential to improve embryo assessment and increase the probability of a successful pregnancy.
Assessing the Ability of a Large Language Model to Score Free-Text Medical Student Clinical Notes: Quantitative Study
Authors: Burke Harry B , Hoang Albert , Lopreiato Joseph O , King Heidi , Hemmer Paul , Montgomery Michael , Gagarin Viktoria
Published: May 2024

Background

Teaching medical students the skills required to acquire, interpret, apply, and communicate clinical information is an integral part of medical education. A crucial aspect of this process involves providing students with feedback regarding the quality of their free-text clinical notes.

Objective

The goal of this study was to assess the ability of ChatGPT 3.5, a large language model, to score medical students’ free-text history and physical notes.

Methods

This is a single-institution, retrospective study. Standardized patients learned a prespecified clinical case and, acting as the patient, interacted with medical students. Each student wrote a free-text history and physical note of their interaction. The students’ notes were scored independently by the standardized patients and ChatGPT using a prespecified scoring rubric that consisted of 85 case elements. The measure of accuracy was percent correct.

Results

The study population consisted of 168 first-year medical students. There was a total of 14,280 scores. The ChatGPT incorrect scoring rate was 1.0%, and the standardized patient incorrect scoring rate was 7.2%. The ChatGPT error rate was 86%, lower than the standardized patient error rate. The ChatGPT mean incorrect scoring rate of 12 (SD 11) was significantly lower than the standardized patient mean incorrect scoring rate of 85 (SD 74; P=.002).

Conclusions

ChatGPT demonstrated a significantly lower error rate compared to standardized patients. This is the first study to assess the ability of a generative pretrained transformer (GPT) program to score medical students’ standardized patient-based free-text clinical notes. It is expected that, in the near future, large language models will provide real-time feedback to practicing physicians regarding their free-text notes. GPT artificial intelligence programs represent an important advance in medical education and medical practice.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Key Stakeholders Influencing Successful Digital Implementation of Remote Monitoring Solutions: Mixed Methods Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Iqbal Fahad Mujtaba , Aggarwal Ravi , Joshi Meera , King Dominic , Martin Guy , Khan Sadia , Wright Mike , Ashrafian Hutan , Darzi Ara
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Implementation of remote monitoring solutions and digital alerting tools in health care has historically been challenging, despite the impetus provided by the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, a health systems–based approach to systematically describe barriers and facilitators across multiple domains has not been undertaken.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to undertake a comprehensive mixed methods analysis of barriers and facilitators for successful implementation of remote monitoring and digital alerting tools in complex health organizations.

METHODS

A mixed methods approach using a modified Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire and semistructured interviews mapped to the validated fit among humans, organizations, and technology (HOT-fit) framework was undertaken. Likert frequency responses and deductive thematic analyses were performed.

RESULTS

A total of 11 participants responded to the questionnaire and 18 participants to the interviews. Key barriers and facilitators could be mapped onto 6 dimensions, which incorporated aspects of digitization: system use (human), user satisfaction (human), environment (organization), structure (organization), information and service quality (technology), and system quality (technology).

CONCLUSIONS

The recommendations proposed can enhance the potential for future remote sensing solutions to be more successfully integrated in health care practice, resulting in more successful use of “virtual wards.”

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05321004; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05321004
Validation of an Adaptive Assessment of Executive Functions (ACE-X) (Preprint)
Authors: O'Laughlin Kristine D. , Cheng Britte H , Volponi Joshua J , Lorentz John David A. , Obregon Sophia A. , Younger Jessica Wise , Gazzaley Adam , Uncapher Melina , Anguera Joaquin A.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Executive functions (EFs) predict positive life outcomes and educational attainment. As such, it is imperative that our measures of EF constructs are both reliable and valid, with advantages for research tools that offer efficiency and remote capabilities.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to evaluate initial reliability and validity evidence for a mobile, adaptive measure of EFs called Adaptive Cognitive Evaluation - Explorer (ACE-X).

METHODS

We collected data from two cohorts of participants: a test-retest sample (N=246, age: mean=35.75, SD=11.74) to assess consistency of ACE-X task performance over repeated administrations, and a validation sample involving child/adolescent (n=5,436, age: mean=12.78, SD=1.60) and adult participants (n=484, age: mean=38.11, SD=14.96) to examine consistency of metrics, internal structures, and invariance of ACE-X task performance. A subset of participants (n=132, age: mean=37.04, SD=13.23) also completed a similar set of cognitive tasks using the Inquisit™ platform to assess the concurrent validity of ACE-X.

RESULTS

Intraclass correlation coefficients revealed most ACE-X tasks were moderately to very reliable across repeated assessments (ICC=.45-.79, P<.001). Mean comparisons with the literature indicated that patterns of responses were consistent with those reported in previous studies. Moreover, in comparisons of internal structures of ACE-X task performance, model fit indices suggested that a network model based on partial correlations was the best fit to the data (χ2(28)=40.13, P=.064, CFI=.99, RMSEA=.03[.00;.05], BIC=5075.87, AIC=4917.71), and that network edge weights are invariant across both younger and older adult participants. A Spinglass community detection algorithm suggested ACE-X task performance can be described by 3 communities (selected in 85% of replications): set reconfiguration, attentional control, and interference resolution. On the other hand, Pearson correlation coefficients indicated mixed results for the concurrent validity comparisons between ACE-X and Inquisit™ (r=-.05-.62, P<.001-.761).

CONCLUSIONS

These preliminary findings suggest that ACE-X is a reliable and valid research tool for understanding EFs and their relations to outcome measures.
Brain-heart interaction in acute stroke
Authors: Trishchynska M.A. , Inhula N.I. , Bihun I.Yu. , Sheremet A.Ye.
Published: May 2024

The article highlights the main pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disorders in acute cerebral stroke, which include dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, disorders of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, immune response, and deterioration in the cardiovascular system in case of existing structural, organic lesions of the heart and blood vessels, which in turn can exacerbate the development of cerebral damage. Literature data on clinical, electrophysiological, and biochemical changes in the cardiovascular system in stroke are presented, in particular, depending on the area of brain damage. Attention is focused on possible hemodynamic disturbances, electrocardiographic changes in the heart, increased levels of cardiac troponins, brain natriuretic peptide, and C-reactive protein. Complications that arise in this category of patients are of great clinical importance and significantly affect the course of the disease and further prognosis, which requires close attention not only from neurologists but also from doctors of related specialties.
Exploring Pedagogical Adaptation Challenges Faced by Novice EFL Teachers in Higher Education: A Study from Hubei Province, China
Authors: Luo Rui , Yang Lirui
Published: May 2024

The novice teachers encountered numerous challenges upon embarking on their careers in schools. The primary obstacles typically arose from the misalignment between their teaching abilities and the practical demands of their work. This study, focusing on novice EFL teachers in Hubei Province, addressed the following inquiries from the perspectives of the theory of teachers' career development stage and the theory of work adjustment:What were the challenges confronting novice EFL teachers regarding their teaching abilities in Higher Education Institutions in Hubei Province?What factors contributed to these challenges related to teaching capability?What approaches did novice teachers adopt to address these challenges?This study employed a qualitative approach, with three novice EFL teachers newly employed by three different institutions serving as informants. Data were gathered from teaching diaries, lesson plans, classroom observations, and interviews. The researchers identified and categorized challenges related to teaching capability and coping strategies mentioned in the diaries, corroborating them with data from other sources such as lesson plan reviews and classroom observations. Subsequently, the researchers conducted interviews to explore the underlying causes of these challenges and assess the effectiveness of the teachers' coping strategies.Based on the analysis of the qualitative data, the study draws the following conclusions:Novice EFL teachers encountered challenges across four dimensions: language proficiency, instructional design, classroom management, and feedback skills, as evidenced by data from language use, lesson structure, objective setting, and multimedia integration.The challenges stemmed from personal factors, contextual influences, and external interventions.Novice EFL teachers endeavored to address these challenges, often effectively, by integrating theoretical knowledge with practical experience, seeking guidance from experienced colleagues, engaging in peer consultation, and conducting independent research.
The Cultural Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Based on History of Learning the Liver When Comparing with Western Medicine
Authors: Chen Xuezhen , Long Haiying , Zhong Yuesi
Published: May 2024

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is regarded as an esoteric and mystical entity, an entity of philosophy, or even an unscientific entity when compared with western medicine. Since TCM has a 5,000 plus year history and is coexisting with modern medicine in China, it is difficult to simply conclude what the cultural characteristics of TCM are. This work analyzed the histories of TCM and western medicine on learning the liver, then revealed the cultural characteristics and the possible development of TCM. The comparison of mythological origin, anatomic history, as well as the framework of medical theory suggest that TCM is far away from a clear-cut subject and awaits more exploration both in theory and in practice: It is a comprehensive system integrating knowledges from multiple fields from ancient China; it emphasizes theory development, with the terms and function of organ are far beyond the organ of itself; and, its basic theoretical framework evolved and has become sort of like universal rule that would not be subsequently falsified. According to the cultural characteristics of TCM, there are four possible future directions for the development of TCM and it will continue to coexist with modern medicine in China for another foreseeable long time.
Shakespearean Drama: A Tapestry of Legal Discourse and Literary Expression
Authors: Dhulapkar Shaina , Phadte Ruhi
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the intersection of law and literature through the lens of William Shakespeare's plays: "The Merchant of Venice," "Measure for Measure," and "King Lear." By analysing the legal quandaries and moral dilemmas presented in these works, we uncover Shakespeare's insights into jurisprudence and its application in society. "The Merchant of Venice" scrutinizes legal procedures, the rigor of contract law, and highlights the necessity for equity in justice. "Measure for Measure" offers a critique of absolutist legalism, contrasting strict law enforcement with the need for mercy and moral consideration within governance. "King Lear" explores themes of authority, legitimacy, and natural law, presenting a narrative that questions the efficacy of man-made legal systems. Together, these plays demonstrate Shakespeare's profound understanding of legal concepts and his critique of their manifestation in society. This paper posits that Shakespeare's engagement with legal themes invites a revaluation of justice, emphasizing the relevance of a multidisciplinary approach to legal education and jurisprudence.
At the Death of Architecture: Frank Lloyd Wright's Dreams of America in Japan
Authors:   Binghamton University, DelGaudio, Matthew L.
Published: May 2024

In 1832, French writer Victor Hugo declares the death of the edifice as a result of the totalizing popularity of Gutenberg’s printing press since the fifteenth century. American architect Frank Lloyd Wright would echo this sentiment to an intrigued Chicago audience almost 70 years later in his 1901 lecture, “The Art and Craft of the Machine.” The argument went that architecture, chief among the arts, would employ ornament, applied art, and symbolic meaning to capture and spread lasting imprints of human thought before the book usurped this position on account of its greater efficiency in accomplishing the same ends. While many architects of his time were finding ways to circumvent use of machine technology in architecture, citing worsening qualities of industrial life among other ills, Wright sought instead to make a return to the very force that had killed architecture centuries earlier. Wright attempts to revive this once-central artform by inventing an original didactic architecture along with a prescribed almost spiritual set of values meant to be inherent to the United States and symbiotic with the machine.
A Bug’s-Eye View: Examining the Impact of The Bug Squad Exhibit at a Local Children’s Museum
Authors:   Binghamton University, Veretelnikov Vanessa
Published: May 2024

To be sustained and prosper as a business, children museums must appease the children while also retaining their caregivers. In this way, it is important to consider the interactive exhibits chosen for children that will spark play, creativity, engagement, and development. Hands-on playing is vital in the development of a child, as it promotes their ability to progress socially, emotionally, and cognitively. Specifically, The Bug Squad at the Discovery Center in Binghamton, NY targeted this need to play directly, as its combination of hands-on learning and activities gauged the attention of the children throughout the museum. The purpose of this mixed-methods research study was to understand the level of engagement throughout the various elements within the museum’s exhibit and how this level of engagement prompted these elements to remain permanent. Data was collected through observation of children’s engagement and a short, five question survey to understand the parent’s point of view. We hypothesize that the elements that expand beyond their main purpose and promote creativity and socialization will attract more engagement. These potential findings can contribute to the sustainability and retention rate of other Children Museums with the implementation of, The Bug Squad.
Rapid Increase of Female but not Male Obesity: Analysis of the 2023 Vanuatu Health Transition Project Survey on Aneityum
Authors:   Binghamton University, Christian Matthew , LaSalle Olivia ,   Binghamton University, Huang Zhiqiao ,   Binghamton University, Chen Hannah ,   Binghamton University, Chen Ricky ,   Binghamton University, Lum J. Koji
Published: May 2024

Globally, obesity rates are continuing to increase and countries in the midst of modernization are most vulnerable. Developing nations are undergoing a health transition alongside rapid economic modernization. The nation of Vanuatu, like other Pacific island countries, is experiencing such a transition marked by decreased cases of infectious disease and increased incidence of chronic and non-communicable diseases. Aneityum is a small and sparsely populated island in Vanuatu and is behind more developed islands in its transition. This present study is the latest in a multi-year project examining health in Vanuatu as it undergoes a health transition with an increased prevalence of chronic disease, namely cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we sought to continue tracking the population health on Aneityum, to analyze health differences between men and women, and to compare findings to previous data in Vanuatu. In July and August of 2023, adult males [n=41] and females [n=62] were surveyed and had their anthropometric measurements taken on Aneityum in Vanuatu. Mean anthropometric measurements (body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference) continued to be significantly greater among women than men (P-value < 0.05). Women exhibited higher rates of obesity in all metrics than in previous studies while men remained relatively unchanged. While men still have lower obesity rates compared to those from Efate in 2011, the women of Aneityum have reached similar levels as their counterparts from a decade ago. There is debate whether Ni-Vanuatu populations are more accurately measured by WHO or Asian-Pacific BMI cutoffs. When Asian-Pacific BMI guidelines are applied, male obesity rate rises 4.87% and the female obesity rate rises 17.74%, indicating drastically worse population health than previously thought. Potential explanations for the disparity in obesity rates between males and females include sex-associated fat distribution patterns, social inequality, and cultural habits. This paper provides valuable insights into the state of Vanuatu's health in its transitional period and a greater understanding of the interplay between sex and health.
On derivations over trivial extensions
Authors: Boudine Brahim , Zerra Mohammed
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we investigate the structure of derivations over trivial extensions. We provide a detailed analysis of the structure of derivations on trivial extensions, the centre of trivial extensions, and the conditions for a trivial extension to be prime. Additionally, we examine the structure of derivations on trivial extensions when the underlying ring, $R$, is a prime ring, under the conditions of Herstein's Theorem, Posner's Theorem, and Bell's theorem.
Devenir de la política de la desigualdad en Chile: de la dictadura al estallido de octubre
Authors: Díaz González Méndez Carlos Alberto
Published: May 2024

Este artículo analiza el devenir de la política de la desigualdad en Chile considerando la categoría pareada de ciudadano/no ciudadano para explicar los contrastes sistemáticos y duraderos en las experiencias de inclusión, libertad e igualdad de la sociedad chilena. Asimismo, reflexiona acerca de cómo los desgastes en los mecanismos de adaptación a la desigualdad, es decir, todos aquellos procedimientos, rutinas cotidianas y relaciones valoradas al interior de las asimetrías existentes, permitieron la emergencia de las movilizaciones sociales de finales de 2019. La estrategia metodológica utilizada recupera las categorías teóricas de la desigualdad persistente de Charles Tilly para construir supuestos de investigación que fueron sustanciados a través de revisiones bibliográficas y hemerográficas.
La debilidad de las instituciones como instrumento político
Authors: Vázquez Soriano Mario Armando
Published: May 2024

Reseña de libro "La ley y la trampa en América Latina"
La nueva Ley de Migración Chilena: análisis de su configuración como dispositivo de poder discursivo
Authors: Brower Beltramin Jorge Antonio
Published: May 2024

En esta nota exponemos algunos de los resultados preliminares de nuestra investigación, acotada a la nueva ley de migración chilena (Nº21.325) en su dimensión discursiva. El análisis realizado tiene como referente teórico-conceptual el término dispositivo como saber/poder, desarrollado por Michel Foucault. Abordamos la expresión discursiva de este corpus jurídico a través de artículos específicos. A partir de dicho diseño teórico, elaboramos una metodología ad hoc para revisar analíticamente tal corpus, identificando el modelo semántico e ideológico que esta ley contiene respecto a la migración, a los sujetos involucrados y al tipo de regulación establecida en un contexto mayor, que obedecen a coordenadas históricas y políticas determinadas.
Internationalization of the training and production of Brazilian Graduate Programs of Political Science
Authors: Machado Madeira Rafael
Published: May 2024

This article analyzes the internationalization strategies of the teaching careers of Brazilian political scientists. Internationalization will be measured in two dimensions: 1) publications and 2) academic training of the teachers. Are the central countries the main destinations of Brazilian political scientists? In the field of Brazilian political science, do the central programs monopolize internationalization or is it also accessible to more recent programs? The hypothesis tested is that internationalization would be linked to the central countries and that core programs would be largely over-represented. The study analyzed 360 researchers linked to political science programs. The hypothesis was only partially confirmed.  It was concluded that the peripheral programs also have space in the internationalization of the academic training and in the publication of papers abroad. The main difference found between internationalization dynamics concerns the country of destination for academic training and for paper publication. Academic training is basically concentrated in central countries (US, England and France). Although it is absent in academic training Latin America has an important presence as a focus of the international publication of the researchers examined.
La ciencia política en Uruguay en el siglo XXI: avances y desafíos en el desarrollo del campo disciplinario
Authors: Rocha-Carpiuc Cecilia , Pandolfo Santurio Sofía
Published: May 2024

Este artículo examina el desarrollo reciente (2010-2022) de la ciencia política en Uruguay. A partir de fuentes secundarias y análisis de contenido de documentos, se describen las principales tendencias en cuanto a los temas de estudio y enfoques teóricos y metodológicos predominantes en la investigación y enseñanza de la disciplina. Los resultados sugieren continuidades y novedades respecto a épocas anteriores. Asuntos tradicionales como partidos, elecciones e instituciones políticas mantienen su protagonismo, pero se afianza el crecimiento del campo de estudios de las políticas públicas y emergen nuevas agendas como género, política judicial, política subnacional y relaciones internacionales. El neoinstitucionalismo de elección racional persiste como enfoque teórico principal en la única revista especializada en ciencia política del país, con la novedad de que aumentan los autores uruguayos más citados. La producción de naturaleza empírica crece y se posiciona como predominante, apreciándose una mayor profesionalización en el manejo de métodos y técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas en investigación y enseñanza. Una innovación destacable es el impulso que adquiere la política comparada, en contraste con la atención prioritaria que solía recibir el caso uruguayo.
¿Hacia dónde va la ciencia politica en Chile? Un análisis exploratorio (1973 – 2023)
Authors: Zarzuri Cortés Raul , Pérez Tagle Jesús Antonio , Hernández Vinalay Kenya
Published: May 2024

A inicios del siglo XXI, se generó un debate en torno a la dirección de la ciencia política a nivel internacional, el cual ha tenido resonancia en América Latina. No obstante, en esta región aún son pocos los estudios enfocados a la comprensión de los casos nacionales. Este artículo busca abonar en ese sentido, ya que presenta un análisis sobre el desarrollo de la ciencia política en Chile, en el que se señalan los periodos por los que ha transitado esta disciplina y se hace énfasis en las orientaciones de las principales revistas de ciencia política y la procedencia institucional de los títulos de doctorado de los polítólogos que laboran en cuatro centros de estudio en Santiago de Chile. Finalmente, se argumenta que la ciencia política en Chile ha logrado avanzar en su proceso de institucionalización y es reconocida regional e internacionalmente.
La medición del autoritarismo en América Latina: retos para la ciencia política
Authors: Moreno Alejandro , Lagos Marta
Published: May 2024

La creciente literatura sobre el retroceso de la democracia —o backsliding— se ha enfocado, en buena medida, a las acciones tomadas por liderazgos electos democráticamente que inciden en dicho retroceso. Sin embargo, ha puesto poca atención al apoyo popular con el que cuentan tales liderazgos y sus acciones. Las investigaciones de opinión pública América Latina han dedicado varias preguntas para medir el apoyo a la democracia, y también ofrecen algunas métricas del apoyo al autoritarismo. En este artículo analizamos datos del estudio Latinobarómetro, que cuenta con series de tiempo relativas a la disposición de apoyar un régimen autoritario bajo ciertas circunstancias, o a un gobierno militar, así como el posible apoyo a medidas autoritarias, de control político, o de restricción de derechos y libertades ciudadanas. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el apoyo popular al autoritarismo y sus implicaciones para la vida política en la región. La más reciente versión del estudio (Latinobarómetro 2023) incluyó, junto con las variables típicas ya muy conocidas sobre el tema, un conjunto de mediciones nuevas que arrojan luz acerca del atractivo de los discursos y las medidas autoritarias, lo cual esperamos que abone al entendimiento de la movilización de predisposiciones políticas latentes entre los electorados de la región. Los temas que se abordan van desde la discusión conceptual acerca de qué es y cómo medir el autoritarismo, qué tanto se sobre o subestiman las predisposiciones autoritarias a través de las encuestas, y qué añaden estos temas a la literatura sobre la calidad y funcionamiento de la democracia, así como a la comprensión del impacto de los discursos populistas-autoritarios en la región.
“Eppur si muove”: la configuración actual de los estudios sobre ciencia política en América Latina
Authors: Bokser Liwerant Judit , Alarcón Olguín Víctor , Luque Brazán José Carlos
Published: May 2024

Al término del siglo XX, los escenarios y perspectivas elaboradas sobre el carácter y el futuro de la ciencia política a nivel mundial apuntaban hacia la existencia de una tensión que implicaba precisamente tomar una postura definitoria con respecto a la siguiente disyuntiva: o estábamos constatando un proceso de crecimiento y emancipación de la disciplina en el marco de la lógica de la ciencia, en tanto se le identifica como un ejemplo del avance mismo del estatuto logrado en materia de formalización y estandarización de sus premisas normativas, sus condiciones teórico-metodológicas y sus aplicaciones técnico-operacionales; o bien, seguíamos encerrados en la “posición original” de considerar al estudio de la políticacomo una expresión del análisis combinado de factores más de corte ideológico, histórico y filosófico.