bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
59‐4: Towards Real‐time 3D Computer‐Generated Holography with Inverse Neural Network for Near‐eye Displays
Authors: Zhou Wenbin , Meng Xiangyu , Qu Feifan , Peng Yifan (Evan)
Published: July 2024

Holography plays a vital role in the advancement of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) display technologies. Its ability to create realistic three‐dimensional (3D) imagery is crucial for providing immersive experiences to users. However, existing computer‐generated holography (CGH) algorithms used in these technologies are either slow or not 3D‐compatible. This article explores four inverse neural network architectures to overcome these issues for real time and 3D applications.
60‐4: Minimal Efficiency Degradation and Elevated Radiometric Power Density of Ultraviolet‐A Micro‐LED with Homoepitaxial Structure
Authors: Liu Yibo , Wang Guobin , Feng Feng , Li Zichun , Liu Zhaoyong , Xu Ke , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: July 2024

As display technology continues to advance, UVA micro‐LEDs are becoming increasingly important in a variety of display and beyond‐display applications. In this study, we investigate the optoelectronic characteristics of UVA micro‐LEDs based on a homogeneously epitaxial structure on freestanding gallium nitride (GaN) substrates. The device exhibits a central wavelength of 390 nm, positioned at the overlap of UVA and visible light spectra. It demonstrates an impressively low ideality factor of 1.49 at 2.86 V and a series resistance of 9.88 O beyond 3 V. Optically, our device shows virtually no wavelength shift across a wide current density range of 0.1‐1000 A/cm2, indicating exceptional optical stability and color accuracy. The emitted light is typical purple, reaching an expansive color gamut of 115.3% of Rec.2020. Furthermore, the GaN‐on‐GaN structure, with its superior crystal structure and heat dissipation properties, results in a very low droop ratio in EQE. This ensures sustained highpower output at high current densities, showcasing great potential in applications such as 3D printing, maskless photolithography, and fluorescence tagging.
64‐1: Protrusion‐free LTPS Using the CMP Process and Its OLED Application
Authors: Cho Woojin , Choo Byoung-Kwon , Bae Joon Hwa , Kang Seung Bae , Yang HeeSung , Shin Su Kyeong , So Byung Soo , Jang Keunho , Lee Changhee
Published: July 2024

Low Temperature Polysilicon (LTPS) is the most popular channel material used in the thin film transistor and it has the protrusions due to the volume expansion of Si and the presence of its native oxide. The protrusions cause the negative effects such as interface trap, hysteresis and so on. In that sense, the heights need to be lowered or eventually flattened.

In this study, we used the chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) technique to reduce the surface roughness of LTPS to the 1nm and even lower. One of the most difficult problmes in the large sized CMP process is the removal of slurry residues after CMP and we successfully overcome the issue by using the hydrophilic angent.

Finally, we are succesfully able to prepare AMOLED panel with reduced gate insulator thickness by using the CMP process and it shows less hysteresis results.
65‐3: Viewing Angle Control through Electrically‐Induced Effective Out‐of‐Plane Retardation Differences in Automotive Displays
Authors: Choi Tae‐Hoon , Lee Hyun Wook , Ha Jin Uk
Published: July 2024

We report a method for controlling the viewing angle using twisted nematic liquid crystal (TN‐LC) materials for automotive display applications. We achieved switching between normal and privacy modes with the change in viewing‐angle‐dependent retardation through the reorientation of the TN‐LC molecules under crossed polarizers by applying a vertical electric field.
65‐4: Patterned Glass Diffusers (PGDs) for Automotive White LED Backlights
Authors: Mi Xiang-Dong , Wang Bin , Niu Tzu-Ling , AnudeepKumarReddy Innem Venkata , Wiggins Richard , Hobson Brian L , Davis Brian D , Yuen Po Ki , Cook Brian C , Blaker Jeremy T , Bao Yixing , Schreiber Horst , Weidman David L
Published: July 2024

Patterned glass diffusers (PGDs) have been demonstrated to reduce backlight thickness and LED count, and increase luminance when used with an optimal film stack in blue mini‐LED backlights. However, they encounter challenges when used in automotive white LED backlights. We report our PGD solution to dimensionally and thermally stable automotive white LED backlight that has an LED pitch of 13 mm.
66‐2: Invited Paper: Standardization Efforts and Measurement Procedures by Displayforum (DFF)
Authors: Schaffer Donald , Blankenbach Karlheinz
Published: July 2024

Displays in cars is one of the hottest topics in the automotive industry and highest (image) quality is a must. Therefore, evaluation is excessive and OEM‐specific specs are not efficient. The Displayforum (DFF) innovated optical specifications and requirements by involving experts along the value chain and dedicated methods for automotive.
67‐1: High‐performance Tandem White OLED Microdisplays for Virtual Reality and Mixed Reality
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Hsiang En-Lin , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: July 2024

To achieve wide‐gamut and high‐efficiency tandem white OLED (WOLED) microdisplays, we propose a new structure leveraging from the high‐order antinodes and patterned microcavities. The color gamut coverages of 95% Rec. 2020 and 92% Rec. 2020 can be achieved in B/G/R WOLED with a moderate microcavity and B/YG WOLED with a strong microcavity, respectively. We have also boosted the optical efficiency by 62% by optimizing the B/YG WOLED structure. Such a WOLED microdisplay helps to reduce the power consumption of virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) displays while keeping a wide color gamut.
67‐3: Development of the Novel Wearable AMOLED Display
Authors: Li Bo , Hao Haiyan , Wang Jiangang , Sun Hongnan , Lin Xinzhi , Liang Yinan , Song Caixia
Published: July 2024

The 1.43” hybrid wearable AMOLED display (HWAD) had been developed based on low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) and thin‐film encapsulation (TFE) techniques, which was integrated touch and display functionalities with one driver IC. The 1.43” HWAD border was similar to flexible products, but less than rigid ones above 20%. Meanwhile, the ultra‐thin stack‐up module thickness was also close to that of flexible ones, but reduced about 31.4% compared to traditional rigid display. HWAD utilized a new pixel compensation circuit and a novel compensation algorithm, eventually achieved a flicker indicator FMA value of <3% in 5Hz AOD mode. The logic power consumption of the smart watch in 5Hz AOD model is reduced about 35% compared with the one in 30Hz. The novel HWAD aggregated the advantages of flexible and rigid displays with low process costs. The novel high‐performance HWAD had significant market application prospect.
69‐2: A Novel Ultra Large Size OLED Display Base on Small‐size OLEDs
Authors: Zhou Weifeng , He Xiangfei , Zhang Yunpeng , Chen LiQiang , Shi Bo , Shi Bo , Gao Tao , Jing Yangzhong , Yang Jingli
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present the novel ultra large size OLED display with extremely narrow bezel, parallel driving of OLED, two‐time optical compensation. Using these technologies, we have designed the OLED with many units of small size OLED display, and the uniformity of brightness is more than 95%. Finally, we have successfully developed up to 256‐inch 8K OLED display.
69‐4: Distinguished Paper: High‐luminance and Highly Reliable Tandem OLED Display Including New Intermediate Connector Designed for Photolithography Applications
Authors: Fukuzaki Shinya , Sasaki Toshiki , Nowatari Hiromi , Oe Yuko , Yamada Yui , Ohsawa Nobuharu , Yamazaki Shunpei
Published: July 2024

We achieved a high‐luminance and highly reliable tandem organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) designed for photolithography applications by developing a new intermediate connector with resistance to water and atmospheric elements. We succeeded in fabricating a side‐by‐side (SBS) tandem OLED display by our SBS pixel‐patterning method involving organic layer etching via photolithography.
72‐1: Study on the Improvement of Light Board Breakage Based on MLED COG Backlight Products
Authors: Niu Jingran , Wu Zhongbao , Niu Enmin , Xu Xiaofei , Sun Yuanhao , Yang Zezhou , Shi Lingyun , Jia Lili , Lu Kun
Published: July 2024

The COG light board is prone to breakage during the stringent mechanical testing, which is a major pain point for COG light boards. In order to improve the adaptability to the back cover which is made by stamping, the elastic supporter solution is proposed and its feasibility is confirmed by the FEM simulation method and a series of tests. The pain point is solved successfully.
72‐2: The Research on FSR Optimization and Efficiency Improvement of Needle Placement for Mini LED Transfer Process
Authors: Han Bo , Zhang Zuojun , Zhang Peilin , Chen Ming , Liu Yi , Che Xiaopan , Ma Yifei , Wang Xiurong , Qian Xuehai
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces the Fast & Slow mode of needle placement for Mini LED transfer from source wafer to target substrate and lead into the FSR illustration, the target and the key impact factors of FSR. Study how to improve the FSR and bonding efficiency.
74‐1: Display Reflectance Measurements Finally Made Simple, Comprehensive and Affordable
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: July 2024

Analysis of the point‐spread function (PSF) yields the directional variations of scattered light with high resolution in the vicinity of the specular direction and now, finally, at reduced but sufficient resolution, also at off‐specular directions, thus providing a basis for the determination of a set of complete in‐plane BRD/BTD functions. This approach is applied to both identification and separation of mirror, haze and Lambertian reflection components which then can be classified into such components that are forwarding visual information to the observer (i. e. visual signal) and disturbing reflections (i.e. visual noise).
74‐2: From BRDF to Gloss: Comparing Specular Reflectance Measurements
Authors: Hertel Dirk , Penczek John , Shin Jake
Published: July 2024

The specular reflectance of a surface is an important factor that determines the gloss and glare observed from a display. This study compares several different methods for measuring specular reflectance and demonstrates their accuracy relative to a goniometric BRDF measurement.
76‐2: Invited Paper: New Architectures for Multifunctional Displays
Authors: Templier François , Pelissier Michaël
Published: July 2024

There is a growing interest in developing displays with additional functions. We propose new microLED display architectures embedding Vis/NIR/SWIR emission/sensing. In the first, addressing full‐screen fingerprint application, there is no tradeoff between sensor performance and display brightness. In the second, related to near‐field touchless display application, the proposed solution reduced significantly the complexity.
77‐1: Invited Paper: Towards Commercialization of Vertical, Organic Light‐emittingTransistors for Active‐Matrix Displays
Authors: Vasilyeva Svetlana , Chen Xiao , Liu Bo , Katsui Hiromitsu , Oono Ryuuzou , Shimokawa Tsutomu , Miyachi Koichi , Lemaitre Maxime
Published: July 2024

Vertical, organic, light‐emitting transistors (VOLETs) combine three of the four essential components of an active matrix lightemitting diode (AMOLED) pixel ‐ the drive transistor, the storage capacitor, and the OLED stack ‐ into a single, highly‐stable, selfemissive structure. VOLETs can be manufactured on amorphous silicon (a‐Si) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplanes to enable lowcost AMOLED displays with improved brightness and lifetime characteristics. We report on the current status of VOLET development and prospective impact on the active‐matrix display industry.
78‐1: Invited Paper: Gamut Rings Color Scope for Use with Wide Gamut Display Systems
Authors: Masaoka Kenichiro
Published: July 2024

Traditional chromaticity scopes and vectorscopes have limited ability to visualize color appearance attributes, which limits color grading and color correction. A new tool based on gamut rings can monitor the lightness, chroma, and hue distributions of the pixel colors of input images in a single 2D diagram. The perceptually intuitive visualization is expected to facilitate more efficient and effective color grading, thereby broadening the market's understanding of the benefits of wide gamut displays.
84‐3: Breakthrough for Test Cost Reduction on Micro‐LED Device with High Parallel Single Insertion Testing of Electric‐Luminescence including External Quantum Efficiency and Electrical Test
Authors: Hasegawa Kotaro , Miyauchi Koji , Kaga Hiroshi
Published: July 2024

The biggest challenge in launching Micro‐LED displays is cost reduction. In our previous report (1), we proposed a super cost‐effective test method embedding EL and electrical testing (PEMPTM ). In this paper, we report the validity of PEMPTM by comparing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of LED emission and photodetection characteristics.
87‐1: A Study on the Optimal Design of ESD Protection Circuit in OLED Panel Using Electromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Kang Young Gu , Park Hyeon Do , Park Hyun Sung , Na Hye Seok , Park Soo Young , Seo Dong Jin , Seo Yu Deok , Jo Sung Chan
Published: July 2024

In the display industry, in line with the high performance and miniaturization of products, the fine patterning and the increase in integration in the backplane process are becoming very important. It is the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) issue that is increased importance in such a display panel development environment. Careful ESD management is very important because various types of electrostatic issues arising from the panel production process are directly connected to the decline in product quality and productivity. In this paper, we introduce the case of ESD defects in the ESD diode protection circuit of display panels being developed. The ESD failure caused by plasma ions and external surges during fabrication process was identified, and the charge and current path were verified through static and transient simulation to determine how it affects the actual display OLED panel. In addition, the design of ESD diode protection circuits optimized for ESD to robust layout was proposed. As a result, it was possible to reduce electric‐field, an insulating breakdown factor, by more than 80%.
87‐2: Modeling and Simulation for Mitigating Display Noise Caused by PMIC Ripple
Authors: Kim Jiwon , Lee Hyochul
Published: July 2024

The output ripple of the Power Management IC (PMIC) is one of the causes of display panel noise. This paper introduces modeling and simulation methods aimed at predicting and mitigating noise induced by PMIC ripple. If the display panel simulation is performed using an ideal voltage source, the ripple characteristics of the PMIC cannot be included. The improved method accurately predicted the ripple of the voltage input to the panel by modeling flicker noise and thermal noise, which are the main causes of PMIC noise, and modeling the Z‐parameter and decoupling capacitor of the PCB. In addition, it was possible to minimize ripples and finally reduce display noise by optimizing the design of the power supply circuit.
88‐1: Distinguished Paper: Direct Laser Patterning of Glass Mask for Micro Display Using GHz Bursts
Authors: Jung Woohyun , Kim Hyungsik , Mishchik Konstantin , Lee Kisang , Ryu Jekil , Lee SeungJoo , Jeong SeongHo , Roh Cheol Lae
Published: July 2024

Development of high‐precision RGB patterning process is needed to implement high‐resolution micro display (OLEDoS) for next‐generation VR/AR products. In general, specially designed and manufactured masks are required to realize above 3,000ppi high‐resolution display in structured OLED material deposition. In this study, we implemented direct laser patterning IR‐fs optical system operating in MHz and GHz burst modes and evaluated its capability for precise micro‐drilling of alumino‐borosilicate glass materials. The fine hole‐shaped pattern is produced at a minimum of 5µm pitch level for about 0.6 inch area without sacrificing the glass strength. It is expected to contribute to the high precise manufacture of ultra fine mask (UFM) using thin glass platform corresponding to micro displays in the future.
92‐1: Invited Paper: Wide‐Color‐Gamut and Stable MicroLED Displays Using UV‐Pumped Cd‐Free Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhu Mingwei , Ng Hou T , Ganapathiappan Sivapackia , Li Zhiyong , Patibandla Nag
Published: July 2024

Applied Materials, Inc. has reported a novel and manufacturable microLED display architecture, featuring UV‐A microLEDs, 4‐subpixel layout, pixel isolation wells filled with inkjetted Cd‐free R/G/B quantum dots (QDs), and a blanket UV blocker on top. A 1.37” smart‐watch active‐matrix display prototype was assembled using such method. Our QDs, including blue QD and the matrix materials exhibit excellent stability under UV excitation, as verified by accelerated lifetime test under higher UV flux and elevated temperature. The emission properties of our R/G/B QDs was further optimized, paving a path to achieve 99% DCI‐P3 color space coverage. Our display demonstrates a highly uniform Lambertian emission pattern with minimal color shift at high viewing angles, attributing to all emissions originating from QD embedded in the same polymer matrix. Furthermore, we can eliminate the QD photon‐brightening effect and demonstrate display with high thermal stability up to 90⁰C.
92‐3: 1.63‐inch 403‐PPI Full‐color Active‐matrix LTPS Micro‐LED Display
Authors: Wang Yijie , Chen Zemin , Zhang Liwei , Huo Sitao , Wu Tianyi
Published: July 2024

In our work, we achieved the 1.63‐inch 403‐PPI full‐color active‐matrix Micro‐LED display based on LTPS backplane, which possesses the property of >600 nits brightness, >120% NTSC, and >1,500,000:1 contrast ratio. At present, it is the highest PPI product of LTPS based Micro‐LED display in the world.
95‐3: Fabrication of Sub‐Micron Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin‐Film Encapsulation on Ultra‐High‐Resolution Microdisplays Using Inkjet Printing Process.
Authors: Kim Dasol , Joo Chul Woong , Shin Jin-Wook , Cho Hyunsu , Kang Chan-mo , Choi Sukyung , Ahn Dae Hyun , Byun Chun won , Cho Nam Sung , Kim Kukjoo , Baek In-Bok , Suh Hyungwoo , Woo Seung Wan , Lee Jonghee , Kwon Byoung-Hwa
Published: July 2024

In this study, we fabricated sub‐micron organic/inorganic hybrid TFE (Thin Film Encapsulation). We utilize an inkjet printing process to fabricate organic layer. It has excellent industrial applicability by using an industrial printhead with 1024 nozzles. The thickness of the organic layer is optimized through the DPI (Drops Per Inch) of inkjet printing and surface treatment of substrate. The sub‐micron organic/inorganic hybrid TFE was fabricated on a TEOLED (Top Emission Organic Light Emitting Diode), and the OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) with the fabricated TFE did not show degradation. Under constant temperature and humidity conditions 30°C, 90 % R.H. (Relative Humidity), the luminance of the OLED remained the same without any defects. The fabricated TFE for the production of OLEDoS has excellent encapsulation properties even at a thin thickness. Finally, we are investigating the optical properties of the ultra‐high‐resolution microdisplay panel applied with the sub‐micron organic/inorganic hybrid TFE.
P‐6: Redefining Pixel Circuit Analysis: Causal Discovery and Probabilistic Modeling
Authors: Park Kyongtae , Park Cheondeck , Kim Dongso , Kim Jaewoong
Published: July 2024

When analyzing data using existing machine learning models without explicit causal information, several limitations often arise, particularly in the misinterpretation of correlations as causal relationships. These limitations are more pronounced in complex scenarios or in situations where outcomes are influenced by sequential effects. This paper presents an advanced methodology for analyzing pixel circuit design and its driving conditions, a domain characterized by complex interactions and multiple variables. Traditional machine learning methods, when applied in isolation, have shown limitations in unraveling the intricate causal relationships inherent in such systems. To address this challenge, we integrated Explainable AI (XAI) techniques, particularly SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values, into our analysis. In collaboration with domain experts, we constructed a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) that effectively reduced the complexity of interconnections and ensured consistency with empirical data. This approach facilitated a more accurate identification of the impact of each parameter and its causal influence. By decomposing the joint distribution of the variables into conditional distributions, taking into account their parental relationships, we gained a deeper understanding of the changes in causal mechanisms. Our methodology significantly enhanced the accuracy of causal analysis under realistic pixel driving conditions. The findings not only offer novel insights into pixel circuitry but also demonstrate the efficacy of combining machine learning with XAI in complex systems analysis, gaining wide acceptability among relevant experts.
P‐7: A High Resolution Design Methodology for Organic Photo Diode Sensor Integration
Authors: Kim Taehyun , Bang Jungsuk , Yoo Dongil , Lim Myunghun , Lee Yongwoo
Published: July 2024

In order for OPD to be integrated into the panel, high‐resolution design technology is required. The DSE makes various placements by changing the location and rotation of signal lines and devices, and makes optimal routing. We propose in order to reduce searching time and parasitic capacitance, the search priority is adjusted by high resolution predict models. In addition, a routing model is proposed to avoid congestion of routes and to search for a routing that minimizes overlapping areas between signal lines. Therefore, it is possible to find a layout that can reduce design areas by various placements and routes.
P‐12: Improve the Reliability of a‐IGZO TFT through Optimizing the Threshold Voltage and Channel Thickness in AMOLED Hybrid Backplane
Authors: Yu Dongliang , Shen Ying , Wan Yunhai , Fan Wenzhi , Zhang Weibin
Published: July 2024

In the fabrication of flexible a‐IGZO and LTPS thin film transistor (TFT) hybrid backplane, various threshold voltage (Vth) of the a‐IGZO TFT was achieved in this paper by regulating the O2/Ar ratio during the deposition of a‐IGZO film by sputtering. The results show that the Vth increases with the increase of the O2/Ar ratio, and the reliability tests indicate that in a certain range negative adjustment of Vth can significantly improve the positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) of IGZO TFT, and maintain good electrical uniformity. The increase of the O2/Ar ratio reduces the number of oxygen vacancy (Vo) in the a‐IGZO channel, and thereby Vth is positively shifted, which is confirmed by the TCAD simulation. The Vth value can indicate the Vo concentration in a‐IGZO TFT channel partly, and appropriately higher amount of Vo is beneficial to improve the PBTI, which is attributed to Fermi level (EF) shifting closer to conduction band. Raised EF means less unoccupied trap states, resulting in less carrier trapping under PBTI. Furthermore, the research also explores different a‐IGZO channel thicknesses and finds that when the Vth values are similar, thinner channel layers endow a‐IGZO TFT with improved PBTI. By optimizing the Vth and channel thickness, a‐IGZO TFTs with a channel thickness of 25nm and a Vth value of 0.2V have been prepared in a hybrid backplane. Under positive bias temperature stress for 5 hours, the Vth is positively shifted less than 0.5 V, which could lay the foundation for achieving high‐reliability flexible backplane for AMOLEDs.
P‐18: A Novel Ultra Low‐loading Gate Driver Circuit for 14‐inch 2.8K OLED Display
Authors: Tseng YingHsiang , Wang Qi , Xiao Lina , Liu Jie , Yu Zhichao
Published: July 2024

Recently there is an increasingly high demand for OLED (organic light‐emitting diode) panel to develop corresponding shift register driver circuits for pixel circuits, which has become an important research in the field of OLED panel design. This paper proposes 10 TFTs(thin film transistors )and 2 capacitor component driver circuits that has higher tolerance and better reliability regarding fluctuations such as display screen process, IC power signal noise, long‐term operation, etc..
P‐23: Low Power A‐PWM μLED Pixel Circuit of Progressive‐mode Using Single Sweep Signal for Mobile Displays
Authors: Zhu Yuxuan , Song Zhibang , Qian Lingxiao , Zheng Xin , Liao Congwei , Zhang Shengdong
Published: July 2024

An analog pulse‐width‐modulation (A‐PWM) Micro‐LED (μLED) pixel circuit based on low‐temperature‐polysilicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) for mobile displays is proposed. The progressive‐emission mode is implemented using a single Sweep (SW) signal by in‐pixel logic operation circuits. By adjusting the emission time of the progressive‐emission mode, the μLED is biased with the maximum quantum efficiency (EQE). Consequently, the static power consumption of proposed pixels is reduced by 29.2%, compared with conventional schemes.
P‐223: Late‐News Poster: Alleviating Gamma Curve OLED Device with Inductor by AC Driving
Authors: Jang Jincheol , Yoo Jae-In , Panov Vitaly P. , Kim Hyo-Bin , Kang Sung-Cheon , Choi Eun-young , Song Jang-Kun
Published: July 2024

This study integrates an inductor into OLED structures to overcome challenges in low gray level expression. At the resonance frequency of 19 kHz, a linear correlation between voltage and emission intensity emerges, resulting in a significant decrease in turn‐on voltage. This method can make an alleviating gamma curve.
P‐34: The Effect Analysis of Display Quality According to the AMOLED Pixel Arrangement
Authors: Lan Lan , Liu Jia , Liu Yang , Jiang Bo , Zhang Rong , Jiang Danyang , Song Wenfeng , Ding Liwei , Gai Cuili
Published: July 2024

In the AMOLED display, many factors affect the user's visual perception, such as color ratio, refresh rate and drive ability of array circuit, pixel density and so on. In the past, the primary idea to improve the precision and smoothness of the display quality is to increase the pixel per inch (PPI) and optimize the sub pixel rendering (SPR) algorithm between pixel units. At present, the PPI has gradually stabilized at 400+ grade for mobile phone display, and the IC driver algorithm corresponding to the pixel arrangement of each panel factory has also stabilized gradually, therefore, more efforts are needed to optimize the pixel arrangement itself to further improve the quality of display panel without taking into account the above two factors. Bear this in mind, we systematically summarized the common pixel patterns to extract the key characteristics of pixel arrangement benefited to the display quality by simulating and analyzing the display effect, and then put forward several suggestions for the subsequent pixel arrangement design.
P‐40: Improvement Plan for High Brightness MiniLED BLU VR Crosstalk
Authors: Huang Can , Yu Yinyin , Liao Zihao , Song Dewei , Ai Fei , Xie Zhongjin
Published: July 2024

With the rise of the concept of "meta‐universe", VR/AR products have received more and more attention. This paper introduces the crosstalk problem of ultra‐high resolution VR products. The mechanism of the ultra‐high resolution VR crosstalk problem is discussed. Crosstalk problems, such as the reduction of high‐light backlight by membrane optimization, are studied in depth. Finally, it briefly introduces the technical challenges facing the resolution improvement of ultra‐high resolution VR.
P‐45: A simulation method for crossed‐type exit pupil based on polarization volume grating
Authors: Wei Ran , Yang Canran , Weng Yishi , Zhang Yuning
Published: July 2024

We propose a simulation method for two‐dimensional (2D) crossed‐type exit pupil expansion based on polarization volume grating (PVG) applied in diffractive waveguide holographic display. The functions of turning and decoupling of the PVG are realized through two continuous Bragg regions, and the spatial director distribution of liquid crystal is combined with RCWA to model its diffractive characteristics and ray tracing simulation.
P‐46: Distinguished Poster: Contrast ratio enhancement method of a pancake virtual reality head‐mounted display
Authors: Xiao Lei , Liang Pengxia , Wu Qian , Cheng Fang , Li Lin , Zhou Feiyan , Ding Yanping
Published: July 2024

Folded optical path has been widely applied in Virtual Reality (Pancake VR) display in recent years. Compared with the traditional straight‐through and Fresnel optical path, the Pancake has an obvious advantage in a smaller size and clearer virtual image. However, the Pancake inevitably increases stray light because of polarized film. AS we all known, the processingof polarized film is always imperfect. Stray light greatly reduces the contrast ratio even if taking high‐contrasting Mini‐LED backlight LCD as panel, and seriously affects the user experience. In this paper, we firstly analyze the causes of stray light in the Pancake, and then propose an effective optical designing method. Besides, we optimize of the Pancake fabrication process for higher contrast, by analyzing the influence of reflectance of lens and tube.
P‐229: Late‐News Poster: Improving Image Quality of Light Field Display Based on Bilinear Interpolation Method
Authors: Yeh Kuei Chun , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: July 2024

When rendering light field images for a light field display, there is an issue of image quality. To address this issue, we employ the bilinear interpolation for image processing and conduct quantitative data analysis by using Peak Signal‐to‐Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) [1].
P‐54: XAI Models for Efficient Analysis of Temperature and Power Consumption in High‐Brightness Panels and Modules
Authors: Park Kyongtea , Lee Jungyu , Lee Seung-hyun
Published: July 2024

Predicting temperature and power consumption in panels and modules under high brightness has long been a daunting and time‐intensive task, often requiring over a week of simulation work. Addressing this challenge, our study introduces a novel machine learning framework, bifurcated into panel and module stages, to streamline the data acquisition process. A key innovation in our approach is the use of symbolic regression to overcome the limitations posed by the reliance on real‐world measurements for power consumption and heat generation. Employing SPICE simulations, we estimated the current density within the panel, with subsequent validation through Explainable AI (XAI) analysis. This revealed a significant correlation between current density and panel heat generation. Our research also revisits the traditionally neglected areas outside the panel's center, uncovering their impact on heat generation. The layered complexity in modules, previously a barrier to physical sample creation and measurement, was navigated using simulation. XAI insights demonstrated the crucial roles of graphite and metal layers in heat dissipation, and the drive IC as a primary heat source. This integrated approach of real and computational data in machine learning significantly reduced the analysis timeframe from a week to mere minutes, marking a breakthrough in predictive accuracy and efficiency for high‐brightness scenarios.
P‐59: Deep Learning‐based Defect Map Classification and Similarity Search in Display Manufacturing
Authors: Yang Seokyoon , Jeong Jeaho
Published: July 2024

Defect map in glass substrates provides valuable information for process management, but statistical mapping classification using the number of defects by location within the glass has limited utility due to difficulties in classifying various types and low accuracy. A deep learning method is proposed to classify defect maps in glass substrates for display manufacturing. The method converts the defect maps into colored images and applies argumentation based on location‐based symmetry information. The method achieves 96.1% accuracy and 88.6% F1 score for minority defect types, and enables similarity search for quality management.
P‐233: Late‐News Poster: Real‐Time Augmented Reality HUD Image Generated By Deep Learning
Authors: Tzu-An Chou , Kuo Chuan-Feng , Chih-Hao Chuang , Chien-Yu Chen
Published: July 2024

This research presents a groundbreaking AR‐HUD system utilizing the DL‐GSA algorithm, combining unsupervised learning and convolutional neural networks for hologram generation. With a focus on depth variability, this system enables real‐time calculations, providing dynamic AR‐HUD images. The incorporation of deep learning enhances holographic precision, contributing to an immersive and safer driving experience.
P‐62: Fast Response LCD under Low Temperature Environments Using In‐cell Heater Wires
Authors: Goto Yuto , Yamamoto Kaoru , Nakano Fumiki , Tanaka Kohei , Takai Masayoshi , Hosokawa Mari , Ito Kazuatsu , Furukawa Hiroaki , Hara Takeshi , Kawahira Yuichi , Shimoshikiryoh Fumikazu
Published: July 2024

One of the challenges inherent in automotive LCD relates to the response characteristics displayed in low‐temperature environments. In this study, we devised a panel by incorporating heater wires into the Thin‐Film Transistor (TFT) substrate of the LCD, which was optimized through thermal simulations. Additionally, we validated the enhanced response time in low‐temperature environments by utilizing the optimized heater wires within the LCD cell for automotive applications.
P‐63: In‐Cabin Immersiveness Enhancement Based on Driving Environments and Driver's Emotion
Authors: Ryu Seungchul , Yoo Hyunjin , Okon Alexandre , Lorchat Jean , Ta David , Akhavan Tara
Published: July 2024

This paper proposes an in‐car immersiveness enhancement framework based on driving environments and driver's emotional status, thereby increasing the driver's driving performance and safety. Specifically, the framework is proposed to generate new content for immersive displays and systems, providing enhanced immersiveness across different displays, systems, and driving environments. The immersiveness‐enhanced contents are generated based on the color/style transfer, analysis of the driving environment, and driver's emotional status recognition. The qualitative and quantitative evaluation proved the advantages and practicability of the proposed framework in enhancing in‐cabin immersiveness.
P‐66: A Halo Test Standard and Specification Quantification Based on Mini‐LED Project for Vehicle Display Module
Authors: You Mei , Cui Dong , Li Wenyang , Han Rui , Ma Qing , Yoon D.K. , Cai Site
Published: July 2024

To clarify the halo level of in automotive Mini‐LED products and quantify it, automotive development in BOE has developed a reasonable halo testing standards for automotive Mini‐LED products. Based on the vehicle halo testing standard, perform halo testing on products of the 12.3‐inch Mini‐LED module in different zones (126 zones, 384 zones, 1440 zones) to achieve quantitative halo grading.
P‐70: A Novel Peak Luminance Correction Method Based on Global IR Drop Compensation System on AMOLED
Authors: Ren Chunhui , Yu Shunzhang , Guo Xingling , Tan Xiaoping , Ge Mingwei , Zhu Xiujian
Published: July 2024

In the past year, AMOLED have been widely used in smartphones, laptops, and vehicles. Local excitation luminance is one of the important parameters to measure AMOLED quality. This feature is of great significance for realization of HDR video and getting better visual experience in sunlight environment. Due to IR drop effect in the local display, the performance of peak luminance is often skewed by luminance, chrominance, and gamma curves. The solution is adding a set of Gamma curve debugging at peak luminance of local display, which results in longer take time (TT) and greater aging pressure at high luminance. In this paper, we propose a novel peak luminance correction method based on Global IR (GIR) voltage drop compensation system. In the compensation system, GIR compensation Look‐Up Tables (LUT) is used to accurately tune the luminance, chrominance, and gamma curves that correspond to the local excitation luminance.
P‐78: Application of Hot Carrier Degradation Tolerant IGZO to High Frequency LCD/e‐Poster
Authors: Takeuchi Yohei , Hachiya Atsushi , Sugino Masafumi , Hara Kengo , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Imai Hajime
Published: July 2024

We succeeded in developing an IGZO process with extremely high tolerance to hot carrier degradation. We verified the tolerance to hot carrier degradation by device evaluation using extremely severe DC stress. And we actually fabricated displays and confirmed that they can be displayed successfully. This high tolerance to hot carrier deterioration not only makes it possible to meet the needs for higher resolution and higher speed driving of liquid crystal displays, but also allows for higher speed rewriting of e‐Papers.
P‐86: Prediction of Droplet Behavior in Piezoelectric Inkjet Printing Based on Waveguide Theory
Authors: YANG Taeho , PARK Jongho , JANG Ki-Sun , CHO HYUNGKEON , SEO Yudeok , JO SUNG-CHAN
Published: July 2024

In the present study, we numerically investigate the effect of sub‐pulse addition on the applied voltage waveform on the high‐speed jetting procedure of drop‐on‐demand inkjet printing. The concept of a waveguide was adopted to model the reflective and interference properties of sound waves in complex geometrical layout of the pump structure partially surrounded by the piezoelectric actuator. We proposed a nonlinear model in which the mass is concentrated in points by dividing the fluid column and the connecting duct inside the pump section into equal‐sized volumetric elements. A three‐dimensional finite volume numerical simulation was performed for the solution of the Navier‐Stokes equation based on the volume‐of‐fluid method for tracing the fluid interface. The negative part of the bipolar waveform acts as a suction‐removal residual pressure, suppressing the satellite, while the positive voltage repels the meniscus and separates the liquid from the meniscus. The present method based on waveguide theory was successfully applied to evaluate the effect of multi‐step waveform voltage in terms of maximum velocity, size, satellite generation, ligament length.
P‐265: Tailoring SS of a‐IGZO TFT through Defect Formation Mechanism during PEALD Deposition Sequences
Authors: Yoon Seong Hun , Hur Jae Seok , Bang Seon Woong , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: July 2024

We reported the fabrication of indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) by plasma‐enhanced atomic‐layer‐deposition (PEALD) process using different surface reactivities of the precursor‐substrate combinations with controlled deposition sequences. In‐Zn‐Ga (Case II) exhibited favorable subthreshold swing (SS) values of 313 mV/decade, and moderate mobility (µFE) of 29.3 cm2/Vs compared to In‐Ga‐Zn (Case I) (84 mV/decade and 33.4 cm2/Vs).
P‐120: Sub‐Pixel Marking Method for the Elimination of Voxel Drifting in Integral Imaging Display System
Authors: Bai Yu-Cheng , Deng Huan , Yang Cui-Ni , Chen Yu-Ang , Zhao Chong-Ji , Tang Jun
Published: July 2024

Integral imaging is a type of true three‐dimensional (3D) display technology that uses a lens array to reconstruct vivid 3D images with full parallax and true color. In order to present a high‐quality 3D image, it's vital to correct the axial position error caused by the misalignment and deformation of the lens array which makes the reconstructed lights deviate from the correct directions, resulting in severe voxel drifting and image blurring. We proposed a sub‐pixel marking method to measure the axial position error of the lenses with great accuracy by addressing the sub‐pixels under each lens and forming a homologous sub‐pixel pair. The proposed measurement method relies on the geometric center alignment of image points, which makes the measurement accuracy high. Additionally, a depth‐based sub‐pixel correction method was proposed to eliminate the voxel drifting. The proposed correction method takes the voxel depth into consideration. The experimental results well confirmed that the proposed measuring and correction methods can greatly suppress the voxel drifting caused by the axial position error of the lenses, and greatly improve the 3D image quality.
P‐125: Real‐time Rotating Display System Based on Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED Glass Backplane
Authors: He Guanxian , Zhao Yizhuo , Liao Weipeng , Wang Kai , Wu Yu
Published: July 2024

The rotating display system relies on the visual persistence characteristics of the human eye to realize the display of the complete picture. Active‐Matrix Micro‐LED strips with high resolution and high gamut range based on glass backplane make this design extremely expressive in detail. The system adopts on‐chip CORDIC algorithm to realize fast rearrangement of images, and wireless transmission through 60GHz V‐band transceiver, so as to support real‐time image display. The system also includes display and rotation adaptive synchronization, brightness uniformity adjustment and other crucial function unit. All above functions improve the display performance obviously.
P‐132: Effect of Pre‐Alert Method for Visually Reduced Motion Dizziness for Vehicle Displays
Authors: Yang Chieh-Han , Li Chien-Ju , Tu Chia-Hsun , Ou-Yang Mang , Tsai Yu-Hsiang , Chen Kuan-Ting
Published: July 2024

Using displays such as smartphones, in‐car TVs or even fusion information on the side windows of a moving vehicle may cause motion sickness. A visual based pre‐alert method is presented to address the issue and a MSSQ method is applied to assess the sickness degree. A Human factors experiment has been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
P‐133: Quantum Rods based Truly Random Number Generator (QR‐TRNG)
Authors: Mnaidar Bibarys , Swaminathan Vigneshwaran , Bhadra Debjyoti , Song Jianxin , Prodanov Maksym , Srivastava Abhishek Kumar
Published: July 2024

The novel technology is proposed as a quantum rod‐based truly random number generator. The objective is to construct a device array by stacking together 5 layers: 1) backlight‐unit; 2) thin‐film transistor liquid crystal display; 3) quarter waveplate; 4) & 5) quantum rod films, red and green, respectively, aligned uniformly in‐plane yet orthogonally to each other. QR's anisotropic absorption nature plays a key role in generating 4 different pixel outputs: 0 ‐ pixel is off; 1 ‐ excited pixel is predominantly green; 2 ‐ yellowish; 3 ‐ red. Further, TRNG is enabled by rotating excitation polarization‐direction.
P‐137: Versatile shape nanostructure fabrication technique using low power continuous wave laser
Authors: Bae Eun Jeong , Choi Geun Su , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Park Young Wook
Published: July 2024

In this study, the periodic nanostructures of various shapes were fabricated using a low‐cost, low‐power continuous wave laser. The nanostructures can be easily fabricated with a low‐cost and simple process using a laser interference lithography technology. In addition, we demonstrated that various shapes such as spherical, hemispherical, and wavy can be easily controlled by adjusting the surface energy of the substrate and process parameters.
P‐245: High Ambient Contract Ratio Transparent Front Projection Film
Authors: Wu Fung-Hsu , Kuo Chen-Kuan
Published: July 2024

Transparent display is realized by varies approaches such as LCD display, microLED display, and OLED display, etc. We proposed a high image qualities transparent projection display in this paper. The projection film for such display is composed of micro‐replication base film with an ambient light reduction layer (absorptive black ink) to enhance the image qualities in the ambient condition. The ambient light is guided by micro‐lens to light reduction material and thus enhance the contract ratio of the image in the bright environment Besides, portion of projection screen about 40% area is left blank intentionally for see‐through propose. Such projection film increase projected image contract ratio ideally by 5 times comparing to traditional matt‐white projection screen. The proposed projection film is proposed for see‐through scenario such as automobile entertainment or retail applications.
P‐143: Enhanced Carrier Transportation towards High Luminescent Light‐Emitting Diodes with Multi‐cation Perovskite
Authors: Liu Huayan , Wu Yongwei , Duan Miao , Cheng Kai , Wang Mingshun
Published: July 2024

In this work, more conductive and lower work function PEDOT:PSS 1000 was used as hole transporting layer to fabricate high luminescent perovskite light‐emitting diodes. Combined with potassium doping strategy, the according MAxCs1‐xPbBr3 (0 <x <1)perovskite light‐emitting diode reaches a high brightness of65 000 cd/m2.
P‐147: Highly Efficient Pure Blue ZnSeTe Based Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes with Top‐emitting Structure
Authors: Shi Shuangshuang , Jiang Maocheng , Feng Jingwen , Li Dong , Pei Chen , Zhou Li , Chen Zhuo , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: July 2024

The application of non‐Cd quantum dots in future display technologies is promising due to their environmental friendliness. However, their low efficiency and broad emission linewidth limit their practical usage. Here, we report the fabrication of ZnSeTe quantum dots based blue light emitting diode (QLED) with different amounts of Te doping and top‐emitting structure. By regulating the thickness of the electron transport layer, we achieve electrical and optical balance control in QLED. Ultimately, we obtain a blue QLED with a emission wavelength of 461 nm, a current efficiency of 5.8 cd/A and a pure blue chromaticity coordinates of (0.13, 0.08).
P‐152: The method of QD color conversion layer and pattern‐able Encapsulation with high thickness BM fabricated by inkjet‐printed process
Authors: Hung Chien-Chang , Yeh Shu-Tang , Peng Yi-Hao , Li Ming-Chin , Ho Jia-Chong , Chen Kuang-Jung
Published: July 2024

This study develops a novel high‐thickness BM QD color conversion layer structure and a surface‐planarization process for QD materials after inkjet printing. This process reduces the height differences caused by the multi‐step exposure‐developing process. Following the fabrication of 8μm BM structure and 2μm CF structure, precise inkjet printing of QD materials is conducted within the 100ppi pixel area. we adjusted the surface energy of the color conversion layer by using an organic solution treatment to control the thickness profile and improve the color conversion efficiency. The printed QD materials are covered by a high‐transparency, low‐density polymer. After the color conversion layer component is encapsulated, reliability verification with a reliability assessment of 240 hours at RA (60℃ degrees, 90%RH) demonstrates an encapsulation effect where QD brightness retention rate remains above 90%.
P‐159: Enhanced Color Conversion Efficiency of Quantum Dot Displays based on Organic‐inorganic Composite as Scatterers and Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Layer as Reflectors
Authors: Jung HaYoung , Jung Junho , Han Yeonjin , Kim Seungjai , Kim Jisoo , Kim MinSu , Lee Seung Hee
Published: July 2024

In quantum dot organic light emitting diodes (QD‐OLEDs), pixelized quantum dots convert blue OLED light to green and red. However, blue light leakage occurs due to QD layer's efficiency. Additionally, external light can cause green and red appearance even in black state. We propose using liquid crystal droplets for improved color conversion and nozzle unclogging. Further, a cholesteric LC layer is added to selectively reflect external UV and blue light.