bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A WOODEN TOURIST STAMP AS AN INNOVATIVE SOUVENIR IN THE TOURIST ACTIVITY OF THE UKRAINE
Authors: Bordun Oresta , Althaim Liubov
Published: July 2020

Purpose. Organising excursion services of the Ukrainian tourism industry on the global market is still underdeveloped and uncompetitive. The main excursion objects and complexes have been abandoned and require rebuilding and restoration. Thus, the infrastructure needs reconstruction and repair, while the level of services not meeting international standards should be improved. The entertainment industry is poorly developed and unorganised, and a significant list of environmental, social and economic problems is not resolved. Considering the above, it is necessary to identify measures to stimulate and promote excursion services in the Ukraine. Changing this situation will make it possible to turn the domestic organisation of excursion services on the international market into a prosperous, stable and competitive endeavour.

Methods. Comparative, statistical, quantitative, field research and the survey method provided an opportunity to form a map of tourist marked places in the Ukraine, by means of which analysis was conducted. In the conclusions, the most tourist marked places in the Ukraine were noted finding out which regions are leaders, and where these sites are non-existent.

Findings. The introduction of selling the wooden tourist stamp in almost all regions of the Ukraine in the complex of all souvenir products was among the new, important measures in this direction. This is of incredible popularity among tourists of different age groups. This research will help to achieve: the maximum possible use of excursion services; maximum consumer satisfaction among different tourist groups; representation of the widest selection of excursion services for the various members of the excursion groups; maximisation of the quality of excursion services.

Research and conclusions limitations. The scope of analysis was limited by the sources of information which were the official websites of wooden tourist stamps of European countries. The authors also reviewed scientific articles in different languages: Czech, Slovak, Polish and English. Geographically, the analysis was limited to the territorial boundaries of the Ukraine. Analysis was carried out mainly via field methods.

Practical implications. The use, distribution and introduction of wooden tourist stamps in all regions of the Ukraine will enable the tourism industry to increase the intensity of excursion flows, as a result, financing can be found for the maintenance, development and preservation of excursion objects. This may also attract the attention of state and public organisations in order to save valuable objects.

Type of paper. In the article, the appearance of the most popular wooden tourist stamps are described. On the basis of analysis, their main content characteristics are identified and their types and main available category groups are presented throughout all regions of the Ukraine.
The Concealed Weaknesses of Strong Early Warning Systems. The Case of Mexico
Authors: Otegui Diego
Published: July 2020

Abstract
In September 2017, in only 17 days, two enormous earthquakes triggered Mexico’s earthquake
early warning system (EEWS) in a unique sequence of events that tested its capabilities.
Through a series of unforeseen circumstances, including a test and an accident, during those
two and a half weeks, the EEWS was also activated three additional times. The EEWS presents
several remarkable strengths. Mexico’s entire emergency management system is relatively well
resourced and has helped produce a more resilient culture that appreciates the alert system.
Public agencies in all levels of government work in close coordination. However, the system
has not been able to overcome continual political expediency and general public distrust of
some of its components. The consequence is an alert system that is relatively strong in Mexico
City but leaves much of the rest of the country unprotected. But even in Mexico City, the
system suffers from extensive concealed vulnerabilities that put the population and the city’s
infrastructure at risk. In this paper, I analyze two specific weaknesses. The first is a result of
weak regulations and inappropriate business models, which impacts the country as a whole.
The second is essentially a local complication resulting from the increased risk generated by
the excessive trust of the population in the sirens that are so characteristic of the system. The
data were collected during a reconnaissance trip organized by the Earthquake Engineering
Research Institute (EERI) in October 2017.
Maleic anhydride.
Determination in workplace air
Authors: Woźnica Agnieszka
Published: July 2020

Maleic anhydride is a crystalline solid. Maleic anhydride is an important intermediate in the chemical industry. It is harmful, irritating and sensitizing.The aim of this study was to develop a new method for the determination of maleic anhydride concentrations in workplace air in the range from 1/10 to 2 MAC values, in accordance with the requirements of the standard EN 482.Throughout the study, an Agilent Technologies series 1200 liquid chromatograph with a diode array detector (DAD) were used. The determination was carried out in the reverse-phase system (mobile phase: acetonitrile: solution of phosphoric acid) using an Ultra C18 column; dimensions: (250 × 4.6 mm) with dp = 5 μm, with precolumn, dimensions: 10 × 4 mm. The method was based on passing air through a glass fiber filter coated of 3,4-di-methoxybenzylamine. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile/ammonia and analyzed by HPLC-DAD.Validation of the method was carried out in accordance with European Standard EN 482. The following validation parameters were determined: measuring range: 0,05  1 mg/m3, limit of detection (LOD): 8,18 ng/ml, the limit of quantification (LOQ): 24,5 ng/ml, the overall accuracy of the method – 5,53%, the relative total uncertainty of the method – 12,02%.The analytical method described in this paper makes it possible to selectively determine maleic anhydride in workplace air in the presence of other substances at concentrations from 0,05 mg/m³ (1/10 MAC value). The method is characterized by good precision and accuracy and meets the criteria for the performance of procedures for the measurement of chemical agents, listed in EN 482. The developed method of determining maleic anhydride has been recorded as an analytical procedure (see appendix).
The Viewpoints of Urban High School Male Students, Parents and Teachers About Cigarette Smoking by Adolescents: A Social Marketing-Based Qualitative Study, Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Karimi Masoud , Kaveh Mohammad Hossein , Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali
Published: July 2020

Background: Smoking is one of the greatest challenges for public health. It is estimated that 7% - 25% of adolescents have experienced smoking in Iran. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the viewpoints of high school male students, their parents, and teachers about smoking by adolescents based on four components of the social marketing mix. Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological approach was conducted via 12 focus group sessions in Persian language. To this end, 82 participants (30 students, 28 parents, and 24 teachers) were selected based on purposive sampling method in 2015.The data were analyzed through directed content analysis. Results: All the three studied groups viewed “looking older” as the major cause of adolescent smoking, other factors included getting others’ attention, looking smart person, calmness, decreasing pain, and attractive packaging of cigarette. Some differences were observed between the viewpoints of students, parents, and teachers about the complications of cigarette. The students focused on the social consequences of smoking, but the parents and teachers were more worried about its long term physical side effects and addictive properties. Unlike parents, the teachers and students considered imitating from parents and famous people as the main socio-environmental factor of smoking. All three groups believed that people’s negative social image and negative attention towards smokers should be included in smoking prevention educational programs. However, some differences were reported between their ideas in other educational subjects. Conclusions: Evaluating factors related to tobacco use from three different perspectives can provide a more comprehensive view of these factors and show the reason for the failure of many efforts to prevent student tobacco use and develop a more effective program to promote health.
Kosovo er stadig et internationalt protektorat
Authors: Sperling Vibeke
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Fra den orange til den grå Viktor
Authors: Kaufholz Henrik
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kina og COP15: Da dragen spyede ild
Authors: Odgaard Ole
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Spanien: Hvad indad tabes skal udad vindes
Authors: Schmidt John
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tjetjenien: Hvordan islamismen trængte frem
Authors: Faurby Ib
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Ruslands selvskabte islamiske radikalisering
Authors: Lipman Maria
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Verden efter Vestens vælde
Authors: Wæver Ole
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Opgøret om Ruslands arktiske udenrigspolitik
Authors: Larsen Nonboe Morten
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Forsoning på vej 15 år efter Srebrenica
Authors: Vejvoda Ivan
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Tæsk til Frankrig eller Bulgarien
Authors: Hristova Milena
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Kampen om klimaet
Authors: Pedersen Nikolaj
Published: July 2020

Intet resumé
Promuovere il coinvolgimento dei pazienti per migliorare la sicurezza in chirurgia
Authors: Gobbi Ramona , Di Denia Patrizio , Rolli Maurizia , Protupapa Gerardina , Traina Francesco
Published: July 2020

Background: Patient safety has become essential with increasing complexity of health systems and the consequent increase in patient damage. Clinical risk management aims to prevent and reduce the risks, errors and damages that occur to patients during health care. The direct involvement of patients in care pathways can be both an important source of information on potential risks and a resource for improving safety.Objective: To improve patient safety in surgery by promoting the active involvement of patients admitted to an orthopedic department.Method: After check-in, a checklist was administered to the patients, consisting of 21 items that took into consideration the good practices to be applied in surgery. The checklists returned by the patients at the end of their stay were analyzed to identify any areas for improvement.Results: From July 2019 to September 2019, the checklists were administered to 76 patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty, admitted to an orthopedic ward. 63% of the delivered checklists were returned by the patients. The analysis made it possible to verify that good practices for safety in surgery are effectively applied by health personnel. However, some critical areas were identified on which to intervene with improvement actions.Conclusions: This work demonstrates that patient involvement can help improve the safety of the surgical path, in order to prevent potential adverse events. Further studies are needed with sufficient sample power to validate the findings of this work.
The Pandemic and Rhetoric of Organization
Authors: Musaraj Arta
Published: July 2020

The need to understand, explain and define the traits and tools of the organization of our societies continuously brought to the creation of mechanisms such as merit and competence, structuration and stratification, spheres of right or colonization in the name of the civilization. The final scope had been that of making them perceptible as observable rigid entities. What happens when a virus and pandemic come to the stage of the global arena, which makes us act and operate at an individual level, as well as in all forms of organization we engage in, totally different from our expectations, motivations and communication of the day before it all started? Are we living in the dawn of a new organism or is it just the confirmation that this had already started and now it is time to acquire and accept the new reality? A new world and the need for new semantics, to reconceive the duality ‘game’ and ‘play’, in creating the new language, and hoping to come up with a new “generalized other” to guarantee us the future.
Eco-evolutionary dynamics of nested Darwinian populations and the emergence of community-level heredity
Authors: Doulcier Guilhem , Lambert Amaury , De Monte Silvia , Rainey Paul B
Published: July 2020

Interactions among microbial cells can generate new chemistries and functions, but exploitation requires establishment of communities that reliably recapitulate community-level phenotypes. Using mechanistic mathematical models, we show how simple manipulations to population structure can exogenously impose Darwinian-like properties on communities. Such scaffolding causes communities to participate directly in the process of evolution by natural selection and drives the evolution of cell-level interactions to the point where, despite underlying stochasticity, derived communities give rise to offspring communities that faithfully re-establish parental phenotype. The mechanism is akin to a developmental process (developmental correction) that arises from density-dependent interactions among cells. Knowledge of ecological factors affecting evolution of developmental correction has implications for understanding the evolutionary origin of major egalitarian transitions, symbioses, and for top-down engineering of microbial communities.
Clustered gamma-protocadherins regulate cortical interneuron programmed cell death
Authors: Mancia Leon Walter R , Spatazza Julien , Rakela Benjamin , Chatterjee Ankita , Pande Viraj , Maniatis Tom , Hasenstaub Andrea R , Stryker Michael P , Alvarez-Buylla Arturo
Published: July 2020

Cortical function critically depends on inhibitory/excitatory balance. Cortical inhibitory interneurons (cINs) are born in the ventral forebrain and migrate into cortex, where their numbers are adjusted by programmed cell death. Here, we show that loss of clustered gamma protocadherins (Pcdhg), but not of genes in the alpha or beta clusters, increased dramatically cIN BAX-dependent cell death in mice. Surprisingly, electrophysiological and morphological properties of Pcdhg-deficient and wild-type cINs during the period of cIN cell death were indistinguishable. Co-transplantation of wild-type with Pcdhg-deficient interneuron precursors further reduced mutant cIN survival, but the proportion of mutant and wild-type cells undergoing cell death was not affected by their density. Transplantation also allowed us to test for the contribution of Pcdhg isoforms to the regulation of cIN cell death. We conclude that Pcdhg, specifically Pcdhgc3, Pcdhgc4, and Pcdhgc5, play a critical role in regulating cIN survival during the endogenous period of programmed cIN death.
The State of the Law on Euthanasia in Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Moni , Awori Martin
Published: July 2020

The general position of the law on euthanasia worldwide is that all states recognise their duty to preserve life. Courts in various jurisdictions have refused to interpret the 'right to life' or the 'right to dignity' to also include the 'right to die'. Instead, they have held that
the state has a duty to protect life. Three categories can however be noted. At one extreme are those countries that have totally criminalised any appearance of euthanasia. In the middle are countries that prohibit what appears to be active euthanasia while at the same time tolerating 'dual-effect'
treatment and withdrawal of artificial feeding. At the other extreme are countries that allow euthanasia. Even in this last category of countries, there are stringent guidelines embedded in the law to prevent a situation of 'free for all'. Anecdotal evidence, some empirical studies and case
law seem to suggest that euthanasia goes on in many countries irrespective of the law. Euthanasia is a criminal offence in Kenya. However, there have been no empirical studies to ascertain whether euthanasia goes on in spite of the law. This article surveys the current state of the practice
of euthanasia globally and narrows down to elaborate on the state of affairs in Kenya.
Dementia & Euthanasia: doubts regarding Advanced Dementia and Advance Directive
Authors: Vink Ton
Published: July 2020

Severe doubts have arisen in the Netherlands about the applicability of an advance directive in the case of patients with advanced dementia requesting euthanasia. This applicability is firmly based on a widely accepted reading of the relevant subsection of the Dutch euthanasia law.
I will question this reading and propose and defend an alternative reading. Arguments are supplied by the actual text of the subsection, by the moral doubts about ending the life of a patient who is hardly aware of what is happening, and by details from the first euthanasia case to go to court
in the Netherlands, with the Supreme Court ruling of April 2020. As to euthanasia, alternatives are presented for the patient with a strong conviction and determination 'never to reach that state', the state of advanced dementia.
Understandings of Detriment for Resolving Frozen Embryo Disputes
Authors: Chrysanthou Alexander
Published: July 2020

Continuing my previous reference to Alise Panitch's argument that estoppel would be a useful tool for resolving frozen embryo disputes, this article develops her research with reference to the condition of detriment in estoppel. Though Panitch refers to the 'time, money, and psychological
commitment necessarily expended in pursuing the full commitment (of IVF)', these notions with respect to detriment have been significantly overlooked, especially in the courts and to a lesser degree in academic literature. This article will accordingly contemplate the physical, psychological
and financial detriments to gamete providers if embryos are used against their wishes. Detriment can operate in a variety of circumstances and this article details how detriment could affect women who have sustained repeated failed IVF cycles, and how age affects the subject as well. Following
this discussion, it is considered how detriment may affect men and gamete providers not seeking implantation. This leads to a conclusion that detriment is a more significant factor for the female gamete provider seeking implantation.
Telehealth in Colombia, challenges associated with COVID-19
Authors: Figueroa Luis Mauricio
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a revolution of such magnitude that no aspect of human life will be the same from now on. The provision of health services and health education are not unrelated to this new normality imposed by the disease, and its consequences have been reflected in the need to use protocols and resources based on virtuality that most of us had not valued in their real dimension. Telehealth and telemedicine will be basic tools for professionals and teachers and it is our obligation to know them, apply them, and innovate to adapt to this reality.
Universality vs experience: a cross-cultural pilot study on the consonance effect in music at different altitudes
Authors: Prete Giulia , Bondi Danilo , Verratti Vittore , Aloisi Anna Maria , Rai Prabin , Tommasi Luca
Published: July 2020

Background

Previous studies have shown that music preferences are influenced by cultural “rules”, and some others have suggested a universal preference for some features over others.

Methods

We investigated cultural differences on the “consonance effect”, consisting in higher pleasantness judgments for consonant compared to dissonant chords—according to the Western definition of music: Italian and Himalayan participants were asked to express pleasantness judgments for consonant and dissonant chords. An Italian and a Nepalese sample were tested both at 1,450 m and at 4,750 m of altitude, with the further aim to evaluate the effect of hypoxia on this task. A third sample consisted of two subgroups of Sherpas: lowlanders (1,450 m of altitude), often exposed to Western music, and highlanders (3,427 m of altitude), less exposed to Western music. All Sherpas were tested where they lived.

Results

Independently from the altitude, results confirmed the consonance effect in the Italian sample, and the absence of such effect in the Nepalese sample. Lowlander Sherpas revealed the consonance effect, but highlander Sherpas did not show this effect.

Conclusions

Results of this pilot study show that neither hypoxia (altitude), nor demographic features (age, schooling, or playing music), nor ethnicity per se influence the consonance effect. We conclude that music preferences are attributable to music exposure.
Transcriptome analysis reveals a reprogramming energy metabolism-related signature to improve prognosis in colon cancer
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Xu Jinyuan , Lan Yujia , Guo Fenghua , Xiao Yun , Li Yixue , Li Xia
Published: July 2020

Although much progress has been made to improve treatment, colon cancer remains a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is a significant ability of cancer cells to ensure the necessary energy supply in uncontrolled proliferation. Since reprogramming energy metabolism has emerged as a new hallmark of cancer cells, accumulating evidences have suggested that metabolism-related genes may serve as key regulators of tumorigenesis and potential biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed a set of reprogramming energy metabolism-related genes by transcriptome analysis in colon cancer and revealed a five-gene signature that could significantly predict the overall survival. The reprogramming energy metabolism-related signature could distinguish patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significantly different survival times (P = 0.0011; HR = 1.92; 95% CI [1.29–2.87]). Its prognostic value was confirmed in another two independent colon cancer cohorts (P = 5.2e–04; HR = 2.09, 95%; CI [1.37–3.2] for GSE17538 and P = 3.8e−04; HR = 2.08, 95% CI [1.37–3.16] for GSE41258). By multivariable analysis, we found that the signature was independent of clinicopathological features. Its power in promoting risk stratification of the current clinical stage was then evaluated by stratified analysis. Moreover, the signature could improve the power of the TNM stage for the prediction of overall survival and could be used in patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall, our results demonstrated the important role of the reprogramming energy metabolism-related signature in promoting stratification of high-risk patients, which could be diagnostic of adjuvant therapy benefit.
Mark of the Spirit: Body Marks as Icons of Spirituality among the Dangme in Ghana
Authors: Ebeheakey Alice Korkor , Kquofi Steve , Asante Eric Appau , Nubuor Charlotte Buerkie
Published: July 2020

In African traditional religion, priding oneself in the beliefs and practices of one’s culture is intensely essential. The driving force for this is mainly the need to satisfy the will of a higher power. Cultural practices, being a channel between the living, the dead and the spirits is one of the ways in which a group of people satisfy the will of these higher beings. Body marking, among the Dangme, forms a great deal of aspects of cultural practices which connotes spirituality. This study discusses the concept of spirituality as enshrined in the body marks of the Dangme people of Ghana. To obtain the relevant information needed, the qualitative approach to research has been adopted using interviews and observation as the main data collection tools. These give a rich and in-depth understanding of the body marks that are practiced for spiritual purposes among the Dangme. This paper is a collation of findings from studies conducted between February, 2012 and February, 2019. It is evident from the research that, marks for spiritual purposes seemed to be practiced irrespective of the clan individuals hail from. These marks are seen as methods (or modes) of maintaining direct contact and proving allegiance to the spirits that protect them as a people.
The BCL‐2 family protein inhibitor ABT‐737 as an additional tool for the treatment of EBV‐associated post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Robert Aude , Pujals Anaïs , Favre Loetitia , Debernardi Justine , Wiels Joëlle
Published: July 2020

Post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) are B‐cell malignancies strongly associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. In these lymphoproliferative disorders, EBV infection induces an increase in the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein BCL‐2. Given its chemoprotective effect, BCL‐2 constitutes an attractive target for new therapeutic strategies for EBV‐positive B‐cell malignancies. Here, we show that ABT‐737, a small inhibitor of BCL‐2, BCL‐X(L), and BCL‐w, strongly induced apoptosis in vitro in EBV‐positive lymphoblastoid cell lines (which is a model for PTLD), whereas BL was less sensitive. ABT‐737 reduced tumor growth and increased the overall survival of mice in a xenograft model of PTLD but had no effect on BL xenograft mice. ABT‐737 combined with a low dose of cyclophosphamide, a major component of the conventional CHOP chemotherapy regimen for BL patients, reduced tumor growth during treatment but failed to improve the overall survival of BL xenograft mice. By contrast, the combination of ABT‐737 and rituximab, one of the main options for the treatment of PTLD, was highly efficient and induced approximately 70% remission in PTLD xenograft mice. These results suggest that the use of agents targeting BCL‐2, either alone or in combination with other conventional drugs, represents a novel promising approach for post‐transplant EBV‐positive B lymphoproliferative disorders.
Inflammatory pathway analytes predicting rapid cognitive decline in MCI stage of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Pillai Jagan A. , Bena James , Bebek Gurkan , Bekris Lynn M. , Bonner‐Jackson Aaron , Kou Lei , Pai Akshay , Sørensen Lauge , Neilsen Mads , Rao Stephen M. , Chance Mark , Lamb Bruce T. , Leverenz James B. ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2020

Objective

To determine the inflammatory analytes that predict clinical progression and evaluate their performance against biomarkers of neurodegeneration.

Methods

A longitudinal study of MCI‐AD patients in a Discovery cohort over 15 months, with replication in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) MCI cohort over 36 months. Fifty‐three inflammatory analytes were measured in the CSF and plasma with a RBM multiplex analyte platform. Inflammatory analytes that predict clinical progression on Clinical Dementia Rating Scale‐Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SB) and Mini Mental State Exam scores were assessed in multivariate regression models. To provide context, key analyte results in ADNI were compared against biomarkers of neurodegeneration, hippocampal volume, and CSF neurofilament light (NfL), in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses evaluating highest quartile of CDR‐SB change over two years (≥3 points).

Results

Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory analytes in relation to cognitive decline were best described by gene ontology terms, natural killer cell chemotaxis, and endothelial cell apoptotic process and in plasma, extracellular matrix organization, blood coagulation, and fibrin clot formation described the analytes. CSF CCL2 was most robust in predicting rate of cognitive change and analytes that correlated to CCL2 suggest IL‐10 pathway dysregulation. The ROC curves for ≥3 points change in CDR‐SB over 2 years when comparing baseline hippocampal volume, CSF NfL, and CCL2 were not significantly different.

Interpretation

Baseline levels of immune cell chemotactic cytokine CCL2 in the CSF and IL‐10 pathway dysregulation impact longitudinal cognitive and functional decline in MCI‐AD. CCL2’s utility appears comparable to biomarkers of neurodegeneration in predicting rapid decline.
Organic N‐Type Molecule: Managing the Electronic States of Bulk Perovskite for High‐Performance Photovoltaics
Authors: Chen Haiyang , Zhan Yu , Xu Guiying , Chen Weijie , Wang Shuhui , Zhang Moyao , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: July 2020

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of planar p–i–n perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) is commonly lower than that of the n–i–p pero‐SCs, due to the severe nonradiative recombination stemming from the more p‐type perovskite with prevailing electron traps. Here, two n‐type organic molecules, DMBI‐2‐Th and DMBI‐2‐Th‐I, with hydrogen‐transfer properties for the doping of bulk perovskite aimed at regulating its electronic states are synthesized. The generated radicals in these n‐type dopants with high‐lying singly occupied molecular orbitals enable easy transfer of the thermally activated electrons to the MAPbI3 perovskite for the realization of n‐doped perovskites. The n‐doping degree could be further enhanced by using the iodine ionized dopant DMBI‐2‐Th‐I. The doping effect could reduce the electron trap density, increase the electron concentration of the bulk perovskite, and simultaneously improve the surface electronic contact. When the DMBI‐2‐Th‐I‐doped perovskite is used in planar p–i–n pero‐SCs, the nonradiative recombination is significantly suppressed. As a result, the photovoltaic performance improved significantly, as evidenced by an excellent PCE of 20.90% and a robust ambient stability even under high relative humidity. To the best of the knowledge, this work represents the first example where organic n‐type dopants are used to tune the electronic states of a bulk perovskite film for efficient planar p–i–n pero‐SCs.
RNAi Screening Identifies that TEX10 Promotes the Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Increasing NF‐κB Activation
Authors: Wang Ziyang , Sheng Chunjie , Kan Guangyan , Yao Chen , Geng Rong , Chen Shuai
Published: July 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a predominant cancer worldwide. To understand the process of carcinogenesis, a short hairpin RNA library screening is employed to search for candidate genes that promote proliferation in the CRC cell line HT29. The candidate genes overlap with differentially expressed genes in 32 CRC tumor tissues in the GEO dataset GSE8671. The seventh‐ranked testis expressed 10 (TEX10) is upregulated in CRC and its knockdown decreases cell proliferation. The TEX10 high‐expression group exhibits worse overall survival (P = 0.003) and progression‐free survival (P = 0.001) than the TEX10 low‐expression group. TEX10 depletion decreases the growth of CRC cells in vitro and in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis indicates that the nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway is significantly enriched in the genes downregulated by TEX10 knockdown. Mechanistically, TEX10 interacts with RELA and increases its nuclear localization. TEX10 promotes RELA occupancy at gene promoters and regulates the expression of a subset of RELA‐targeted genes, including TNFAIP8, SAT1, and IL6ST. Taken together, this study identifies that TEX10 promotes the proliferation of CRC cells in an RELA‐dependent manner. In addition, high TEX10 expression is associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients.
12q21 deletion syndrome: Narrowing the critical region down to 1.6 Mb including SYT1 and PPP1R12A
Authors: Niclass Tanguy , Le Guyader Gwenael , Beneteau Claire , Joubert Madeleine , Pizzuti Antonio , Giuffrida Maria Grazia , Bernardini Laura , Gilbert‐Dussardier Brigitte , Bilan Frederic , Egloff Matthieu
Published: July 2020

Deletions in the 12q21 region are rare and non‐recurrent CNVs. To date, only 11 patients with deletions in this region have been reported in the literature. These patients most often presented with syndromic intellectual deficiency, ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus, ectodermal abnormalities, growth retardation and renal and cardiac malformations, suggesting a recognizable microdeletion syndrome. We report three new patients with overlapping deletions of the 12q21 region, including the smallest deletion reported to date and the first case characterized by array CGH during pregnancy. We describe specific clinical findings and shared facial features as developmental delay, ectodermal abnormalities, ventriculomegaly or hydrocephalus, axial hypotonia or spastic diplegia, growth retardation, heart defect, hydronephrosis, ureteral reflux or horseshoe kidney, large thorax or pectus excavatum, syndactyly of 2–3 toes, pterygium coli or excess nuchal skin, large anterior fontanel, low set ears, prominent forehead, short‐upturned nose with nostril hypoplasia, microretrognathia and hypertelorism. These new patients and a comprehensive review of the literature allow us to define a minimum critical region spanning 1.6 Mb in 12q21. By screening the critical region using prediction tools, we identified two candidate genes: SYT1and PPP1R12A.
Immunotherapy in sinonasal melanoma: treatment patterns and outcomes compared to cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Klebaner Daniella , Saddawi‐Konefka Robert , Finegersh Andrey , Yan Carol H. , Califano Joseph A. , London Nyall R. , Deconde Adam S. , Faraji Farhoud
Published: July 2020

Background

Although treatment with checkpoint blockade is now accepted as standard of care for cutaneous melanoma, few studies have investigated its role in sinonasal melanoma (SNM). We aimed to evaluate whether immunotherapy was associated with improved survival in SNM and to compare the effect of immunotherapy in metastatic sinonasal and cutaneous melanoma.

Methods

This was a cohort study of patients included in the United States National Cancer Database who had been diagnosed with sinonasal or cutaneous melanoma between 2012 and 2015 and had complete information regarding immunotherapy status. The primary outcome was overall survival. The influence of immunotherapy on overall survival was compared by Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Propensity score matched analyses between SNM patients who received immunotherapy and those who did not were based on clinicopathological covariates associated with survival in univariate Cox models.

Results

The analytic cohort consisted of 704 patients with SNM, 94 of whom were treated with immunotherapy and 152,896 patients with cutaneous melanoma, 8055 of whom were treated with immunotherapy. Immunotherapy was not associated with survival in the propensity‐score matched cohort (n = 195; hazard ratio [HR] = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 1.5; p = 0.88) or in adjusted Cox proportional hazards model (n = 549; HR = 1.0; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.4; p = 0.88). Regimens including immunotherapy were associated with improved overall survival in metastatic cutaneous melanoma (HR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.49 to 0.66; p < 0.0001), but not metastatic SNM (HR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.67 to 1.7; p = 0.75).

Conclusion

Compared to current standard of care therapy, inclusion of immunotherapy as first‐line therapy was not associated with improved survival in SNM.
Comparing reusable to disposable products: Life cycle analysis metrics
Authors: Alshqaqeeq Fadhel , Griffing Evan , Twomey Janet , Overcash Michael
Published: July 2020

This research is to produce the first quantitative evaluation, using global warming potential (GWP, kg CO2 eq), of all published cradle‐to‐gate life cycle studies that compare reusable vs single‐use products. We seek to determine whether there are consistent and fundamental factors that differentiate disposable and reusable products. A comparative assessment was made of the cradle‐to‐gate life cycle analyses of all published comparisons of reusable and single‐use products from 1990 to 2016. A literature search found only 20 products in which a full life cycle analysis of cradle‐to‐gate (supply chain, manufacturing, reprocessing, and packaging of the reusable item) and supply chain plus manufacturing for the disposable had been published. GWP or carbon footprint was used as the environment comparison metric to which we added energy for the product manufacturing metrics. In this diverse set of products, the reusable product was consistently lower in cradle‐to‐gate energy use and global warming potential than the comparable single‐use product. However, no apparent product characteristic appeared to govern the extent by which the reusable had a lower carbon footprint. These compelling results were compared with two other references in which disposable products were reported as better. However, when the data were reviewed with those authors, they reevaluated and found errors in calculations and corrected the results to then identify the lower reusable GWP impact compared to the respective disposable. The diversity of products studied and the consistently lower GWP impact of reusable products herein may suggest that products with reusable/disposable options could be predicted to show that the reusable is better than the single‐use option.
Synthetic Macrocycle‐Based Nonporous Adaptive Crystals for Molecular Separation
Authors: Wu Jia‐Rui , Yang Ying‐Wei
Published: July 2020

The exploitation of new materials for adsorptive separation of industrially important hydrocarbons is of great importance in both scientific research and petrochemical industry. Nonporous adaptive crystals (NACs) as a robust class of synthetic materials have drawn much attention during the past five years for their superior performance in adsorption and separation. Pillararenes are the main family of macrocyclic arenes used for NACs construction, where the structure–function relationship has been intensively studied. In the past two years, some emerging types of synthetic macrocyclic arenes have been successfully brought into this research field, showing the gradual enrichment and diversification of NACs materials. This Minireview summarizes the recent advances of synthetic macrocycle‐based NACs, which are categorized by various practical applications in molecular separation. Besides, NACs‐based vapochromic supramolecular systems are also discussed. Finally, future perspectives and challenges of NACs are given. We envisage that this Minireview will be a useful and timely reference for those who are interested in new molecular and supramolecular crystals for storage and separation applications.
Stretchable Electrochemical Sensors for Cell and Tissue Detection
Authors: Liu Yan‐Ling , Huang Wei‐Hua
Published: July 2020

Electrochemical sensing based on conventional rigid electrodes has great restrictions for characterizing biomolecules in deformed cells or soft tissues. The recent emergence of stretchable sensors allows electrodes to conformally contact to curved surfaces and perfectly comply with the deformation of living cells and tissues. This provides a powerful strategy to monitor biomolecules from mechanically deformed cells, tissues, and organisms in real time, and opens up new opportunities to explore the mechanotransduction process. In this minireview, we first summarize the fabrication of stretchable electrodes with emphasis on the nanomaterial‐enabled strategies. We then describe representative applications of stretchable sensors in the real‐time monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells and tissues. Finally, we present the future possibilities and challenges of stretchable electrochemical sensing in cell, tissue, and in vivo detection.
C−H Activation Based Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Shot Synthesis of N,O‐Bidentate Organic Difluoroboron Complexes
Authors: Tan Guangying , Schrader Malte L. , Daniliuc Constantin , Strieth‐Kalthoff Felix , Glorius Frank
Published: July 2020

Organic BF2complexes exhibit characteristics such as large Stokes shift, high quantum yield, strong emission intensity, and robust chemical stability, thereby being extensively used in various applications. Herein, we disclose a novel copper‐catalyzed cascade C−H activation/acyloxylation and difluoroboronation of 2‐phenylpyridine derivatives, thus providing a straightforward and rapid gateway to a series of N,O‐bidentate organic BF2complexes with excellent photophysical properties. Mechanism studies demonstrate that AgBF4services as BF2source and oxidant for this elegant transformation. Most of these BF2complexes have broad and intense absorption and emission bands, and display bright and intensive blue fluorescence as well as large Stokes shifts.
Anthrone‐spirolactam and quinoline hybrid based sensor for selective fluorescent detection of Fe3+ ions
Authors: Darole Ratanamala S. , Christopher Leslee Denzil Britto , Mukherjee Anagh , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Karuppannan Sekar , Senthilkumar Beeran
Published: July 2020

The synthesis of a novel, and highly selective Fe3+ ion sensor based on anthrone‐spirolactam and its quinoline hybrid ligand is reported. The designed ligand displayed selective detection of Fe3+ ions with enhanced fluorescence emission. The complexation of Fe3+ ion led to a red shift of 32 nm from 420 nm to 452 nm, and a several fold increase in intensity with fluorescent green emission. The complexation (detection) of Fe3+ ions with ligand resulted in chelation enhanced fluorescence and intramolecular charge transfer through the inhibition of C=N isomerization. This hybrid sensor shows high sensitivity and selectivity, spontaneous response, and works on a wide pH range a minimum detection limit of 6.83 × 10−8 M. Importantly, the sensor works through the fluorescence turn‐on mechanism that overcomes the paramagnetic effect of Fe3+ ions. The binding mechanism between the ligand and the Fe3+ ions was established from the Job's plot method, optical studies, Fourier transfor infrared spectroscopy, NMR titration, fluorescence life‐time studies, and density functional theory optimization. The sensor displayed excellent results in the quantification of Fe3+ ions from real water samples. Furthermore, due to its biocompatibility nature, fluorescent spotting of Fe3+ ions in live cells revealed its bioimaging applications.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of cuticular and internal lipids of the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum
Authors: Batalha Mariana de M. C. , Goulart Henrique F. , Santana Antônio E. G. , Barbosa Leandro A. O. , Nascimento Ticiano G. , da Silva Meirielly K. H. , Dornelas Camila B. , Grillo Luciano A. M.
Published: July 2020

Insect cuticle lipids are involved in various types of chemical communication between species, and reduce the penetration of insecticides, chemicals, and toxins, as well as provide protection against the attack of microorganisms, parasitic insects, and predators. Ecological studies related to the insect Rhynchophorus palmarum are well‐known; however, very little is known about its resistance mechanisms, which includes its lipid composition and its importance, specifically the cuticle layer. This study aimed to characterize the cuticle and internal lipid compounds of the male and female R. palmarum adult insects and to evaluate the presence of antimicrobial activity. We performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyzes of lipid extracts fractions and we identified 10 methyl esters of fatty acids esters of C14 to C23, with variation between the sexes of C22:0, C21:0, present only in male cuticle, and C20:2 in female. The lipid content of this insect showed relevant amount of C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2. The antimicrobial activity of the cuticular and internal fractions obtained was tested, which resulted in minimum inhibitory concentrations between 12.5 and 20 μg/ml against Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis), Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia), and fungal species (Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis). The antimicrobial effect of the R. palmarum cuticle open perspectives for a new source to bioinsecticidal strategies, in addition to elucidating a bioactive mixture against bacteria and fungi.
Bauteiloptimierung durch Funktionsintegration
Authors: Schlüter Dominik , Riegelmann Philipp , Scheerer Silke , Curbach Manfred
Published: July 2020

Bauwerke so zu gestalten, dass sie mit einem geringen ökonomischen und ökologischen Aufwand ihre Funktionen – insbesondere Schutz vor äußeren Einwirkungen und Energieversorgung – erfüllen, ist eine wichtige Zukunftsaufgabe. Die Herstellung von Bauteilen als Fertigteil führt in vielen Bereichen zu einer ökonomischen und ökologischen Vorteilhaftigkeit. Diese soll ebenfalls auf die Funktion Energieversorgung übertragen werden, indem erneuerbare Energietechnologien bereits in den Prozess der Fertigteilherstellung integriert werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Publikation werden plattenartige Bauteilkonstruktionen zur Einbettung von elektrischen Energiespeichern in Fertigteile vorgestellt und im Hinblick auf Tragfähigkeit und Erstrissverhalten untersucht. Konstruktionen aus dünnen Textilbetonplatten mit eingebauten Kassetten stellten sich im Hinblick auf Tragverhalten, eine Austauschbarkeit der elektrischen Speicherelemente und dem zur Verfügung gestellten Speichervolumen als besonders vorteilhaft heraus.
Characterization of lysozyme PEGylation products using polarized excitation‐emission matrix spectroscopy
Authors: de Faria e Silva Ana Luiza , Elcoroaristizabal Saioa , Ryder Alan George
Published: July 2020

The growing use of therapeutic proteins requires accurate analytical techniques for measuring biophysical and structural changes during manufacturing. This is particularly true for the PEGylation of proteins, because characterization of PEGylation reactions and products can often be difficult due to the relatively small impact on protein structure, the lack of an accessible polyethylene glycol (PEG) chromophore, and the heterogeneous final product mixtures. Intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy is one potential solution due to its relatively high sensitivity to small changes in protein structure and its suitability for online or atline measurements. In this study, we use the PEGylation of lysozyme as a model system to determine the efficacy of polarized excitation‐emission matrix (pEEM) spectroscopy as a rapid tool for characterizing the structural variability of the lysozyme (LZ) starting materials and PEGylated products with varying PEG‐to‐protein ratios (PPR). Dynamic light scattering showed that as PPR increased from 0 to 2.8, the hydrodynamic radius increased from ∼2.2 to 4.8 nm. pEEM measurements provided several sources of information: Rayleigh scattering to identify size changes and aggregate/particle formation, and fluorescence emission to assess chemical and structural changes. PEGylation induced sufficient physicochemical changes in LZ, which produced changes in the pEEM spectra, largely due to variations in the hydrophobic environments of tryptophan residues close to a PEG attachment site. These significant spectral changes when modeled using conventional multivariate analysis methods were able to easily discriminate the raw product solutions according to the degree of PEGylation and were also able to predict PPR with reasonable accuracy (root mean square error for calibration ∼10%, relative error of prediction < 20%), considering the reference size exclusion chromatography method error of ∼7.2%. The variable selection of the pEEM data suggests that equivalent predictions could be obtained with faster and simpler two‐dimensional spectra, making the method a more viable online measurement method.