bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Cinnamon zeylanicum Plants Bark Extract
Authors: Saliem Ali H. , Ibrahim Orooba M.S. , Salih Sarwa Ibrahim
Published: August 2023

Nanoparticles are a special group of materials with unique features and extensive applications in diverse fields. The use of nanoparticles of some metals is common and useful in several fields due to the good properties of these nanoparticles. In this work, silver nanoparticles synthesized by extract of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks were investigated. 1ml of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks extract was added to 50 ml of 1mM aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution at the room temperature for (1hr -8hrs) to produce silver nanoparticles. A change in the color was observed. The color intensity increased with increasing reaction time. After 2 hrs, the color intensity was even higher; and giving a darker looks after 8 hrs. Separation by centrifugation, characterization using UV-VIS spectrophotometry and electron microscopy analysis were performed. The centrifugation lead to formation of 0.35 gm silver nanoparticles by 100 ml of Cinnamon zeylanicum plants barks extract. The UV-Vis spectral analysis showed silver surface plasmon resonance band at 400 nm. Electron microscopy showed that the particles were crystalline in nature, most of the nanoparticles were roughly spherical or circular in shape with smooth edges were observed, while the average size of the nanoparticles ranged between 8 and 20 nm. The approach of green synthesis seems to be cost effective, eco-friendly and easy alternative to conventional methods of silver nanoparticles synthesis.
Evaluation the effect of dates Al-Zahdi addition in broiler chicken diet on some chemical parameters and body weight
Authors: Al-Dawah Nadia K. J.
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to detect effect of added dates (Al-Zahdi) on broiler chicken dietary. We used forty chicks of broilers on one day old, which divided into four groups (control, G1, G2 and G3). Chicken were fed for 30 days on Al-Zahdi dates mixed with natural diets of broiler chicken in concentrations of (5%, 10%, and 15%). The body weight was measured for each group every week of experiment and blood samples were collected to evaluate some chemical parameters (glucose, total protein, GOT, GPT and lipid profile). A significant increase in total protein (P> 0.05) was observed in G1 and G2 as compared with the control group and G3. A significant decrease (P> 0.05) in GPT was also found in G1, G2, and G3 as compared with the control group. The results of the lipid profile indicated no significant increase (P> 0.05) in cholesterol levels for G1, G2, and G3. In terms of body weight, a significant increase (P< 0.05) was observed in G1 and G2 as compared with G3 and control during the fourth week of the experiment.
In-Vitro evaluation of Isolated Staphylococcal-bacteriophage in Killing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sarhan Sarhan Rashid , Ibrahim Orooba Mohammed Saeed , Salih Serwa Ibrahim
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out to isolate and identified the Staphylococcal-specific bacteriophage from swage water by using agar overlay method and to investigate the anti-Staphylococcal activity of هsolated Bacteriophage in-vitro. Two experiments were performed in this present study; the first one was isolation and identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from post-traumatic bone infection. While the second experiment included study the infectivity of bacteriophage in-vitro to MRSA as well as effect of temperature and pH on the infectivity of phage was also studied. Results of antimicrobial susceptibility test of S. aureus isolates revealed that most of isolates were resistant to Methicillin, Cefoxitin and Pencillin G. Staphylococcus aureus phage was isolated from sewage samples by agar overlay method, the phage was characterized by clear, circular plaques ranged between 2-3 mm in diameter. TTA method for determined the Phage MIC appears to be both reliable, and reproducible.
The Impact of Eruca sativa Seeds on Leydig's Cells Number and Hormonal Profile In Cadmium Exposed Rats
Authors: Al-Okaily Baraa Najim , Al-Shammari Zenah Mohammed
Published: August 2023

This study was aimed to investigate the protective role of Eruca sativa seeds extract on the number of Leydig's cells and hormonal profile in cadmium chloride treated rats.Forty adult male rats were randomly divided to four equal group and handled as follows for 56 days : Control group administered tap water ; group G1 administered tap water containing 30 ppm/ L of cadmium chloride; group G2 received tap water containing 30 ppm/ L of cadmium chloride and administered 250 mg/Kg.B.W of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds ; group G3 administered 250 mg/Kg.B.W of ethanolic extract of Eruca sativa seeds only.Collecting of blood samples were obtained at 0, 28 and 56 days for estimation of serum testesterone (T) , follicule stimulating hormon( FSH) and leutinizing hormon (LH) concentrations. At the end of experiment body weight and testicular weight were measurment. Furthermore, histological sections of testes were prepared for counting of Leydigs cells. A significant decrease in serum testesterone (T) , follicule stimulating hormon( FSH) and leutinizing hormon (LH) concentrations and decrease in body weight to testes weight% in group G1 at concentration of CdCl2 30 ppm/ L, as well as, statistical analysis and examination of histological sections of testes revealed a significant decrease in the number of Leydig's cells. Whereas, The results pointed the beneficial effects of Eruca sativa seeds extract to improvement the previous parameters, against cadmium chloride (G2), through a significant increase in hormonal profile concentration and numbers of Leydigs cells parallel with alleviating the testicular toxicity induced by CdCl2.
Study of in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity effect of some medicinal plants
Authors: Motar Ahmed A. , Hussein Rajaa A. , Abdulbary Meison
Published: August 2023

The medicinal plants contain many ingredients which enhance the development and synthesis of many drugs the ingredients content of medicinal plants that have therapeutic activity naturally synthesized and accumulated in plants. The presence study was conducted to investigate in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity effect of some medicinal plants, extracted by soxhlet with methanol alcohol and fractionation of active constituents from Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , Commiphora myrrha L. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves with water , chloroform , ethyl acetate and hexane. The methanolic alcohol extract and fractions of Curcuma longa L. rhizomes , Commiphora myrrha L. gums and Ginkgo biloba L. leaves show ( in vitro ) relatively significant (p ≤ 0.05) low cytotoxicity against RBC , while ( in vivo ) the cytotoxicity at 2000 mg / ml did not occur which indicated the study plants safety.
Effects of Chitosan and Hyaluronic Acid in Healing of Chemically Induced Oral Ulcer in Rabbits
Authors: Mahdi A.K. , Al-Falahi N.H. , Nahi H.H.
Published: August 2023

Twelve healthy, local bread male rabbits were used in this study, weighting (1.5-2) kg , divided equally into three groups: in First group (Control group), the ulcers were induced by local application of Sulfuric Acid in concentration 38% in rabbit cheek mucosa ,animals were left without treatment. In second group, same procedure was performed then 0.03 gm of chitosan raw was applied locally on ulcer site twice daily at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day post induce ulcer while animal under general anesthesia. In third group, same procedure was performed, then saturated gauze with 5 drop of hyfresh drug contain hyalronic acid 2.0 mg\ml were applied locally on ulcer site twice daily at 1st, 2nd, and 3rd day post induces ulcer while animal under general anesthesia.Grossly finding at 3rd day shows limited area of necrotic mucus membrane (m.m) with presence of sluphing area in the second group, while in the control and third groups at same period showed presence of necrotic area of (m.m) surrounded by elevated congestion (m.m), as well as at day 7 evidence regression of necrotic area with definite re-epithelization area in the second group, while in the third group showed advance in regression of necrotic area when compared with earlier period and beginning of re-epithelization, in control group record decreased in necrotized area surrounded by congested area and also small ulcer area was found. Histopathological results in control group at 3rd day showed inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils infiltration between necrotic muscle fibers with hemorrhage in subepithelial layer while in the second group showed granulation tissue consisting from congested blood vessels and marked fibroblast proliferation with collagen fiber deposition, but in the third group showed presence of inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils and macrophages between necrotic muscle fiber. At day 7 in control group showed severe inflammatory cells particularly neutrophils infiltration between marked necrotic muscle fibers, while In the second group at the same period showed thickness collagen fibers with macrophages and lymphocytes infiltration with congested blood vessels, in third group showed inflammatory cells with congested blood vessels, edema, necrotic debris with severe neutrophils infiltration between marked necrotic muscle fiber.
The hematological changes associated with ovine subclinical mastitis.
Authors: Al-dujaily A.H.
Published: August 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate ovine subclinical mastitis and associated with the hematological changes were studied in awassi sheep flock consists of ninety ovine lactating (58 normal and 32 ewes subclinical mastitis) both groups aged 1.5-4 years in AL-Najaf province /Iraq. Milk samples were collected for California mastitis test (CMT) and blood samples were collected from jugular vein during the period February 2016 till April 2016.The results showed that the means ± SE in normal lactating and ewes subclinical mastitis were as follows; Packed cell volume (PCV) 31.9 ± 0.4 % and 25 ± 0.3 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.3 ± 0.16 g/dl and 7.3 ± 0.12 g/dl, red blood cell count (RBC) 10.2 ± 0.13 ×10⁶/μL and 8.9 ± 0.28 ×10⁶/μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.3 ± 0.36 fl and 30.9 ± 0.62 fl, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.1 ± 0.12 pg and 9.7 ± 0.21 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.2 ± 0.18 g/dl and 31.2 ± 0.36 g/dl, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 9.9 ± 0.46 mm/24 hrs and 17.9 ± 2.08 mm/24 hrs, Platelets 283.8 ± 16.6×10³/μL and 184.5 ± 8.3×10³/μL, white blood cell count (WBC) 10784 ± 268.3×10³/μL and 13956 ± 578.4×10³/μL, lymphocytes 54.3 ± 1.36 and 50.9 ± 2.51/μL, neutrophils 40.7 ± 1.41 and 52.8 ± 1.84/μL, monocytes 1.83 ± 0.16 and 3.0 ± 0.27/μL, eosinophil’s 2.84 ± 0.31 and 5.81 ± 0.76/μL and basophils 0.28 ± 0.05 and 0.78 ± 0.07/μL respectively.The PCV, Hb, RBC and platelets were significantly higher (P<0.05) in normal lactating compared to that of ovine subclinical mastitis. The MCV, MCH and MCHC showed no significant differences between normal and ewes with subclinical mastitis. While ESR and WBC count were significantly lower in normal lactating.
Evaluation specific primer design for HN & M NDV genes based on Iraqi virulent isolates by used Real-time RT-Florescent PCR Technique
Authors: Al-mudhafr Murtadha Abdul Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims :Newcastle disease is considered the most contagious poultry disease and may cause severe economic loss in the poultry industry. The virus belongs to the Avulavirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, of the order Mononegavirales and is designated avian paramyxovirus-1. So, Early detection of the virus by used sensitive and specific primer design for detect local outbreak isolate can prevent the spread of disease and avoid huge economic losses. Towards this goal, in this research, we developed reliable specific primers to reproduce specific amplification for NDV HN and M genes in One-step Real-time RT-Florescent PCR method.Materials and Methods: in this experimental study , Tow NDV isolate kindly provided by Iraqi center for cancer and medical genetic research , respective RNA was extracted from virus by using viral RNA/DNA extracted kit . the specific primers were designed according to NCBI data base for NDV HN and M gene sequence aligned by using ApE program and IDT company software Intercalating primer design website and sudsequently to amplify and evaluate by Real-time RT-Florescent PCR one step intercalaing dye .Results: the fourescent signle and the melting point analysis for amplification the NDV HN and M genes give positive results by specific primer designConclusion:This study showed that the primer design for NDV HN and M genes are sensitive , specific and accurate by used Real-time RT-Florescent PCR Technique molecular assay for rapid diagnosis of local NDV outbreak isolate .
Study The Effect Of ( Peganum Harmala ) Extract On The Infilteration Of Tha Inlammatory Cells Of Laboratory Animals (Pigeons) Experimental Study
Authors: Albayati Ahmed Jasim Mohammad
Published: August 2023

The results of the study has shown that using different concentrations of the extract ( peganum harmala ) causes infiltration of the inflammatory cells on laboratory animals (Pigeons). Also when increases the concentration of the extract , the infiltration of the inflammatory cells will be increased and that concentration of 20% of the extract has showed some grossly sings on the Birds and then the calculation of the Lethal Dose (LD 50) resulted in the 20% concentration.
In Iraq, First Documentation of Canine Brucellosis by Application of Three Techniques (Rapid test, Indirect ELISA and 16S rDNA Inter-spacer PCR)
Authors: Alfattli Hams Hussien Hashim Handool
Published: August 2023

Brucella canis is a Gram-negative organism infecting, mainly, the genital organs of both sexes and resulted in several reproductive problems. This bacterium is excreted in urine, milk, fetuses or semen of infected dogs, and transmitted to sensitive dogs through sexual, oral, nasal and conjunctival routes. In general, the routine detection of infection is done by serological tests and the confirmation through isolation of causative agent by the culture. Previously, many global studies documented the excellent efficacy of polymerase chain reaction in detecting the bacterial DNA, perfectly and high accuracy. The present study is the first Iraqi document that dealt with the diagnosis of B. Canis, serologically by Rapid test and Indirect ELISA test, and demonstration the infection, molecularly, in seropositive dogs by “16S rDNA inter-spacer PCR” technique. Serologically, the study revealed that 14 (5.76%) and 31 (12.76%) dogs were positive with Rapid test and Indirect ELISA, respectively, while only 5 (16.13%) dogs were positives molecularly. As well as, the received serologic data exhibited that all positive samples with rapid tests were, also, positives by indirect ELISA. At level of P  0.05, the statistical differences were reported within the applied techniques, positive dogs with most common risk factors (sex and age). In relation to sex, the results appeared that the females had an infection rate more than males; while in association to age, the infection rates were similar in both first groups (<4 and 1-4 years) and increased apparently in the last aged group ( 4 years).
Histomorphological study of the liver in local Moorhen birds (Gallinula chloropus).
Authors: Ibrahim Raad Shaalan , Hussein Ahmed Abdulla , Al-kelaby Waleed J.A.
Published: August 2023

The present study was performed to illustration some anatomical and histological characteristics of the liver of adult male moorhen bird Gallinula chloropus. The present study was conducted on 20 birds divided into two groups (10 for anatomical study and 10 for histological study) mature male healthy moorhen bird were used.The liver of moorhen bird Gallinula chloropus was located in the right, left hepatoperitoneal cavity, seems red-brown in color. Moreover, divided into two lobes, right and left, the left lobe appear larger than right lobe. Histologically the liver of moorhen bird enclosed by thin capsule of connective tissue. The hepatocytes, which arranged radially around the central vein as hepatic cords in two cells thickness. These cells are polygonal in shape and have rounded nucleus and present of sinusoids between hepatic cords which lined by flattened endothelial cells.
The effect of different doses of 660 nm laser therapy on open skin wound healing in Wistar rats
Authors: Diwan Muslim Fahim , Abid Thaier Alwan
Published: August 2023

The study aim to evaluate the effect of 660nm wave length low level laser therapy (LLLT) at different doses on open wound healing in rat model. Twenty five adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups. Rats were anesthetized by IM injection of ketamine (50mg/kg B.W), xylazine (10mg/kg B.W) mixture. The back of animal was prepared for aseptic surgery, two parallel circular skin incisions 0.5 cm in diameter involving full thickness of the skin were made on both left and right sides of the back of each animal. Four groups were received a close-contact pulsed Gallium-Aluminum Arsenide (GaALAs) laser therapy on the left incision, with energy density of 2, 4, 6 and 8J/cm2 of 660nm wave length, 50mw power output and 146Hz pulsing rat immediately after surgery then repeated the same dose daily for 7 successive days. Results declare that the laser treated group of 2J/cm2 found slightly differences when compared with control group. At 4J/cm2 laser treated group, the healing of wound was better than of control group by presence of narrow scar tissue and completely epithelization. The study found that 6J/cm2 laser treated group was effective in open wounds, which showed faster keratinize layer formation and collagen fiber parallel oriented with the wound surface. However, energy density of 8J/cm2 was more effective for healing process than other groups by presence of more collagen deposition, increase activity of myofibroblast, and presence of clear skin adnexa. In conclusion, the laser wave length 660 nm use in this study was effective enhance the healing process of open skin wound in rats in all the four energy density used; further to the 8J/cm2 is seen the best in stimulation of wound healing.
Anatomical and Histological study of the Tongue of wild adult male Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus f. domestica) in AL-Najaf province
Authors: AL-Mahmodi Aqeel Mohsin Mahdi
Published: August 2023

Macro and Microscopical explorations of the tongue in the ten of the adult male Rabbits collected from AL-Najaf city markets, this work expect will provide a support for future research and subsequent clinical applications as regards the biology of the tongue. After rabbits preparation the tongue distinguished then the shape, position, dimensions were record. The apex of the tongue was almost rounded. The body was square-shape thickening decreased gradually toward root. Root which slopes ventrocaudally toward the base of the epiglottis. Torus linguae at the caudal part of the dorsal surface. Lateral surface of tongue contain several fossa touching the premolar teeth. The mean length of the total tongue, apex, body, and root were (4.5 ± 0.5 cm), (1.25 ± 0.23 cm), (2.95 ± 0.2 cm), and (0.9 ± 0.26 cm) respectively. The mean width of the apex, body, and root at the widest part were (1 ± 0.49 cm), (1 ± 0.17 cm), and (1.26 ± 0.22 cm) respectively. Skeletal muscle fibers and loose connective tissue surrounded by stratified squamous epithelium keratinized at the dorsal and lateral lingual surfaces, non-keratinized at the ventral lingual surface. Filiform papillae heavy distribution on the dorsal surface of body, scanty at the apex, at the lateral surface of the body they are smaller than body papillae and longer than apex papillae. Circumvallate papillae were oval-shape, surrounded by a moat-like furrow, taste buds on the dorsal and lateral sides. Foliate papillae were leaf-like non-keratinized; with taste buds on the lateral walls. Fungiform papillae hade broad rounded keratinized surface, with taste buds on the dorsal surface. Lamina propria -submucosa was loose connective tissue with rich bundles of collagen fibers.
The Role of Klebsiella Pneumonia for Effect on Pneumonia in The Sheep
Authors: Obaid Abbas Hussein , Khudair Zainab W.
Published: August 2023

The study investigated the pathology changes associated with klebsiella pneumonia in lungs of sheep slaughtered. The objective of this study was focus on molecular detection and genotyping were done by polymerase chain reaction and gel-agarose electrophoresis. The molecular detection of capsular polysaccharide gene (cps) was investigated using PCR specific primers. PCR was performed with the primer that target the 16S rRNA. PCR was performed with the primer that target the 16S rRNA . Genotyping of these isolates were also carried out by using K1, specific PCR primers. When using the primer specific for the capsule cluster gene magA ( K1serotype). A total of 700 lungs of slaughtered sheep were examined individually and out of which 220/700 (31.4%) affected lungs were collected for histopathology and bacterial isolation, during the period from October 2015 to February 2016. 30 / 220 isolates were identified as klebsiella pneumonia (13.6%) ,according to characterization of morphology and biochemical for this microorganism, VITEK 2 system and confirmed by using the primer that target the 16SrRNA. Grossly, the lung lesions were categorized into: (1) solidation of lung (40%) ,(2) hepatization in lung 30% ,(3) abscesses in lung (10%) , (4) edema and fibrosis (10%) and congestion and Edema (10%). In histopathology examination, lung lesions were categorized into: (1) Suppurative bronchopneumonia (36.6 %) ,(2) interstitial pneumonia (30%) ,(3) bronchointerstitial pneumonia (13.3%) , (4)pleuritis with pulmonary edema (10%) and (5) pulmonary abscesses (10%).Special stains were used to verify the lesions. Collagenous fibers were stained red color with Van Gieson’s stain, polysaccharide were stained pink color with PAS stain. PCR technique showed that 19 isolates were positive to K1 serotype and 11 isolates were negative for K1. These results suggest that magA genotype might be a useful marker to identify K1 serotypes of K. pneumoniae.
Anatomical And Morphometric Study Of The Trachea, Primary Bronchi And Lung In Laughing Dove ( Streptopelia Senegalensis).
Authors: Al-Mamoori Nabeel Abd Murad , Al-Abdula Maha Abdul-Hadi Abdul-Rida
Published: August 2023

In the current study use ten of the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis) birds from both sexes, the body weight was (102.811±3.599gm). The present study include the morphometric features of the trachea, primary bronchi and lungs. The trachea was appear long flexible tube consist from several number of the cartilage rings closed like (O) shape which refer to the basic unit structure of the trachea. The mean length of the trachea was (6.166±0.176 cm) and this form (66.544 %) from the total length of the respiratory system.The primary bronchi appear as short tubes consist from several number of cartilage rings has (C) shape open from the medial side, connected together by transparent membrane. The length of right and left primary bronchi was ( 5.6 ± 0.4 mm ) ( 6.6 ± 0.2 mm ) and this form (6.043 %) (7.122%) respectively from the total length of the respiratory system. The lungs was pink into light red color, triangular or pyramidal-shaped. Each lung consist from two surfaces costal and visceral surfaces and three borders were lateral, medial and posterior borders. In the costal surface can be seen the lung contain five impressions. The length of the right and left lungs were ( 1.633 ± 0.02 cm ) ( 1.533 ± 0.03 cm ) and this form low percentage from the length of the respiratory system reaches into (17.623 %) and (16.544 %) and the thickness of right and left lungs were (4 ± 0.44 mm) (4.6 ± 0.49 mm), while the weight of the right and left lungs was (0.325 ± 0.032 gm) (0.308 ± 0.018 gm) respectively.
Study The Effect of Two Crude Ethanolic extracts of Eruca sativa and Zingiber officinale in comparison with Tadalafil on Sperm Parameters in Rats
Authors: Al-khayyat Ali A. , Kafi Lubna A. , Al-Shimmary Bassam A. A.
Published: August 2023

Two ethanolic extracts of Eruca sativa(Rocket) and Zingiber officinale(Ginger) were studied after 42 days of treatment with effective dose (ED)of 200 mg per kg of BW for rocket and 400 mg per kg of BW for ginger. The results indicate significant increase in sperm count for groups of rocket and tadalafil, while significant decrease in sperm motility for tadalafil as compare with control, however, no indication of significant change in sperm abnormalities for all groups as compare to control.
Detection of feline Parvovirus (FPV) from Cats infected with Enteritis Using rapid test and Polymerase Chain Reaction in Iraq
Authors: Al.Bayati Hussein A. Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Feline Parvovirus (FPV) had a substantial outcome on cats at various ages. This study considered being the first in Iraq focused on detection of the virus in cats with diarrhea at different age groups in some Iraqi provinces. The present study, involved a collectin of 84 fecal samples or intestinal fecal samples from an infected cats (stray and pet). These specimens were checked for detection of presence or absence the viral antigen. The checking procedure was included using the rapid antigen test kit (Anigen, Korea) and ready Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) kit (Santiago, Chile) to detect the virus antigen and specific genes. In addition to that, the hematological parameters had been realized. The current results show the 32 (38%) and 43 (51. 1%) were positive in rapid test and PCR, respectively. The hematological results showed 75 (89. 2%) have leukopenia.It was concluded from current study that the FPV was detected and distributed between cats of Iraq. Also, its showed that the stray cats play an important role in distribution of disease in fields.
Anatomical and Morphometric Study of the Trachea in Pied Kingfisher Birds ( Ceryle rudis ).
Authors: Al-Mamoori Nabeel Abd Murad
Published: August 2023

The present study include eleven of the Pied Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis) birds from both sex, the weight and length of body were (98 ± 6.901gm), (32 ± 0.524 cm) respectively. The trachea characterized by a long flexible tube (6.34 ± 0.26 cm) in length and this refer to (49.403%) from the ratio length of respiratory system. It was mostly extend along the right side of the neck ventral to the esophagus and then enter the coelomic cavity. The trachea extend rostrally from the caudal end of the cricoid cartilage of the larynx into the connection between the trachea and syrinx (First tracheosyringeal cartilage ) caudally.The weight of trachea was (0.152 ± 0.018 gm) and this refer to (9.331%) from the weight of respiratory system. The cartilage rings which forming the trachea was oval in shaped and form the basic unit structure of the trachea. The total number of tracheal cartilage rings was (64.2 ± 1.2) and the diameter of the cartilage rings unequal and show a gradual decrease of its connection of the larynx into the syrinx and the mean of perimeter of the trachea connection with larynx was (43.252 ± 1.911 mm), while the connection with syrinx was (22.915 ± 1.152 mm). It can be see two skeletal muscles connected with trachea were trachiolateralis and sternotrachealis muscles.
Campylobacter jejuni Carriage of Broiler Carcasses at Slaughter-house As “An Important Parameter of food Hygiene”
Authors: Motlak Akram
Published: August 2023

The aim of the study is to evaluate the contamination of poultry meat with Campylobacter jejuni during slaughtering. The study was performed from February to August 2011, at Brno –Czech Republic. Two hundred eighty slaughtered broiler carcasses were examined from 20 farms (at different time intervals), five different samples were collected from each carcass. Swab samples were collected from different parts of the carcass as follows: from outer surfaces of carcass (after defeathering); from inner surfaces after evisceration; from ileum; liver and Bile as well.A total of 139 carcasses were positive from bacteriological isolation of C. jejuni of total carcasses examined. Particularly, the percentage of isolation from different organ samples were as follows: 7.85% of isolates were from the outer surface, 8.21% from internal surface, 28.57% from ileum, 21.07% from liver, and 14.28% from bile.Also the frequency of isolation was varied according to different months and showed maximum level in May (63%), while the minimum isolation rate was reported in August (40%). The present date was indicated a high level of contamination of broiler carcasses with C. jejuni and give us an alarming signal about and preventive measures
Detection of some aminoglycosides antimicrobial resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultured from mastitic milk cows
Authors: Naser Hassan Hachim , Ismaeel Ghassan khudhair
Published: August 2023

this study has included isolation and confirms diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by 16sRNA gene by PCR in (22) isolates from (50) milk samples has taken from cows, collected randomly in AL-Qadissyia province and making scan looking for the most common six resistance genes that resist to aminoglycoside antibiotic group included kanamycin ; tobramycin ; amikacin and gentamicin .These genes which detected in this study with its percentage was AAC-3'-I was 18.1% ; AAC-3'-II was 36.3% ; AAC-6'-I was 27.2% ; AAC-6'-Ib was 91% ; AAC-6'-IIb was 9% and Aph-3-VI was 9% .these six genes are encoding for six enzymes that have an important role to destroy and inactivated aminoglycosides antibiotics group.The result of this study show AAC-6'-Ib gene is more percentage( 91%) while Aph-3-VI gene is leaser percentage (9%).The aim of this study finding solves for resistances antibiotics problem that causes an economic large loss in animals meat and specially mastitis
Concentrations of Major and Minor Elements in Cow’s Milk at Najaf Province
Authors: Khudhair Muneer
Published: August 2023

Milk is a very important human nutritive since their consumption has increased in recent years. The aim of this paper was to determine the content of major and minor elements in different milk samples. The current study included measuring the percentages of fat, protein, lactose and solids non fat. Also the present study involved determination some essential minerals in milk, such as measured concentration of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, and iron. Milk was sampled in March 2016 on ten farms in the Najaf Province directly into plastic bottles (to avoid contamination). The reported data showed that the essential contents of milk of selected farms were have a significant difference and P > 0.05
Molecular expression of blaCIT and blaFOX in Klebsiella spp. isolates from Al-Hussein teaching hospital in Al-Muthanna Province- Iraq
Authors: Al-garawyi Abeer Mohammed Ali
Published: August 2023

klebsiella is the most common pathogen responsible for acquired infections in the hospitals and because of the extensive ability to produce β-lactamases made this bacteria resistance to many antimicrobial agents. This study was done to determine Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates containing both blaFOX and blaCIT by multiplex polymerase chain reaction . Out of fifty one Klebsiella isolates , 31 (60.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefoxitin by disk diffusion method . The production of molecular class C β-lactamase tested through modified three dimension method in all cefox resistance isolates and observed 14 (45.2%) isolates were producing for AmpC β-lactamase . The cefoxitin resistance isolates further screened by AmpC disk method and the result was 11 (35.5%)isolates were producing for AmpC β-lactamase . Multiplex PCR technique showed 8/31 (25.8%) K. pneumoniae isolates possess AmpC β- lactamase gene as well as this technique also revealed that FOX gene was exists in (37.5%) and CIT gene (62.5%)of the isolates .
Effect power levels in microwave of E.Coli O 157:H7 from bovine milk and Soft Cheese samples in Babylon Province
Authors: Najim Najm Hadi , AL-Isawi Amer Jebur Obayes
Published: August 2023

Colonies of E.Coli O157:H7 were isolated from 80 locally produced Cow's and Buffalo's soft cheese samples that were collected randomly at weekly intervals (5 samples/week) from various retail markets in different locations of babylon province during two climatic periods(40 samples /species/season) where the first periad was extended from the begining of December 2015 to the end of February 2016 while the second period was extended from the begining of July to the end of September 2016.In addition,50 fresh cattle faecal samples were collected from different farms in babylon province for the isolation of E.Coli O157:H7.The identification of E.Coli O157:H7 isolates were confirmed based on their cultural, biochemical and seralogical characteristics using the commercial latex agglutination test kit .Data revealed that there was a significant (P≤ 0.05) seasonal variation in the prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 where all Cow's and Buffalo's soft cheese samples had significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 in summer season (50% and 40% respectively) than in winter season (25% and 15% respectively).It was found that all of the 80 bovine soft cheese samples had significantly (p≤0.05) higher prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 in summer (45%) than in winter (20%) seasons.In addition to that, all the 50 bovine faecal samples had significantly (P≤ 0.05) higher prevalence of E.Coli O157:H7 in summer (72%) than in winter (40%) seasons. Complete elimination of viable E.Coli O157:H7 was achieved when the inoculated milk was subjected to the microwave power level of 900 watts after 30 seconds of exposure. Complete elimination of viable E.Coli O157:H7 was acheived when the contaminated soft cheese samples were subjected to the microwave power level of either 300 or 450 watts for 60 seconds of exposure.
Rice bran phytic acid protects against methotrexate -induced oxidative stress and acute liver injury in rats
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Atheer Abbas Yaseen , Al-Shammari Majida Malik Meteab
Published: August 2023

Methotrexate is an effective and extensively used chemotherapeutic agent to treat range of malignancies, but its therapeutic use is limited because of dose dependent hepatotoxicity. Several published reports advocate that supplementation with antioxidant can influence methotrexate induced acute liver injury. Twenty four adult male rats (aged 56 days and weighted 138±8.8g) were randomly assigned into four equal groups (control and three treated groups), first group as control group given normal saline, a second single injection 20mg /kg B.W. i.p. of methotrexate, third group given15mg/kg B.W. of phytic acid, then given single injection 20mg /kg B.W. i.p. of methotrexate and fourth group given 15mg/kg B.W. of phytic acid for 10 days, and male rats were sacrificed. Blood and liver, subcellular fluid was obtained to assess subcellular activity of Alanine aminotranferease (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase, quinone reductase (QR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), lipid peroxidation, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and total protein. The results of liver injury rats (T) showed significant increased activity of ALT, AST, GGT, LDH, decreased GSH, GR, GST, GPx, CAT, QR, SOD, (p<0.05) when compared with the control, and histological findings further supported the protective effects of phytic acid against methotrexate induced acute liver injury. phytic acid (D) therapy moderated liver damage and normalized the activities of all antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, present study demonstrate that oxidative stress and liver injury are closely associated with methotrexate induced toxicity and phytic acid shows the protective efficacy against methotrexate induced acute liver injury possibly via attenuating the oxidative stress and inflammatory response.
Detection virulence factors of Klebsiella pneumonia from cattle by using PCR tec.
Authors: Esmaeel Jameela Radi , Sadeq Jinan Nadhim
Published: August 2023

Identification of K. pneumoniae was avaluated using conventional microbiological characteristics and molecular assays .Milk specimens were collected from cattle suffered from clinical symptoms of mastitis from different farms of AL-Qadisyiah province.Out of 45 samples obtained, 20 isolates ( 44.4 %) were detected as K. pneumonia according to morphology of colonies and biochemical features.Molecular detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae based 16S rRNA gene for determination two virulence factor genes(rmpA,magA) by using specific primer.These genes potent the pathogenesis of Klebisella pneumonia. The primers were made in this study by using NCBI-GenBank and primer3 plus design online. The primer is made by company in Korea (Bioneer).Moleculer detection of isolates which give away specific PCR products of of 312bp for magA gene and 835bp for rmpA gene .The magA and rmpA genes were amplified in six (30%)and five(25%) isolates out of 20 isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia.
Anatomical and histological study of adrenal gland in new natal and adult guinea pig (Caviaporcellus)
Authors: Abass Thamir A.
Published: August 2023

Histomorphological study on the adrenal gland was conducted in guinea pig after birth including three period of life, one day old, 15 days and adult guinea pig. Right and left adrenal glands were collected from guinea pig and fixed in10% neutral buffered formalin, and Orth stock solution as a fixative for routine paraffin embedding. The organ sections at 6 μm thickness and after that stains with H&E and PAS stain. Anatomically the adrenal glands are paired white flat organs embedded in fat located cranial to the kidneys within the retroperitoneal space. The adrenal gland has a very characteristic tissue design that is often easily recognizable even without a microscope. Each gland in cross section show an outer cortex appears yellowish connective tissue , and an inner medulla that appears brownish in color .Hitologically adrenal gland is surrounded on the surface by a connective tissue capsule and zones, from the outer to inner are; 1. Zonaglomerulosa 2. Zonafasciculata 3. Zonareticularis.. The adrenal cortex represents 80-90% of the adrenal gland.
Efficacy of Parenteral Kanamycin - Colistin Mixture in Treatment of Contaminated Wounds in Local Breed Donkeys
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Jassim , Marzok Abd –Alhadi Jaithom
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted on donkeys in Al-Najaf city in university of kufa /college of veterinary medicine during January /2017 till Faberuary /2017 to evaluate the effect of (kacolis® ) Fivevet/vietnam (kanamycin and colistin mixture) in treatment contaminated woundes in donkeys,and observe of the clinical features , blood picture and levels of some enzymes in the serum .In this study five donkey treated with the drug as affected group and three donkeys as control group treated with normal saline,and blood samples were collected from each one to estimate blood picture and serum enzymes concentration The clinical examination of treated donkeys was showed normal heart and respiratory rates and body temperature while in control group which showed increase in heart ,respiratory and temperature. The results of hematological picture of control and treated donkey group show non significant differences between of them except the neutrophile cell number which appear increase in control group than treated animalsSerum alanin transefers eenzyme concentration was (15±0.43)U/L ,urea (25.3 ±0.3 mg/dl)and creatinin (1.3±0.031 mg/dl) in treated donkey within normal valeus, and the result of control donkeys were (14.6±0.13 ) U/L , (24±0.5 mg/dl )and (1.24±0,02 mg/dl) respectively .
Diagnostic study of internal parasites in camels of Al- diwaniya government
Authors: Karawan Azhar chaffat
Published: August 2023

This study was carried out to detect the prevalence of intestinal parasites of camels in Diwanyiah city in 2016 by faecal examination. . A total of 110 faecal samples were examined, among them,95 camels were found infected with intestinal parasites by one or more species with percentage reach to 86.36% , Fasciola spp was maximum (31%), followed by Eimeria spp (26%) ,Cryptosporidium spp (17.89%) ,Nematodirus spp(7.36%),Trichostrongylus spp (6.31%) ,Moneizia spp(5.26%) and Trichuris spp (3.1%).Due to the lack of available studies on infected the camales by internal parasites in Al- diwaniya government This study was conducted for the purpose of diagnosis of the most important internal parasites in camales.
Relative Frequency and Regional Distribution of Enteroendocrine cells in small and large intestine of goat
Authors: Alumare Saffia Kareem
Published: August 2023

Some parts of the intestinal tract, which involve in secretion of certain hormones that regulate significant organs of the body, the purpose of the research to study the site endocrine cell in small intestine & colon in goat, the present study included 5 specimens of intestine goat from the ages ranging from 1-5 years to determine the site endocrine cells in the parts of intestine examined via using immunohistochemistry procedure material.It was used immunohistochemistry textile technology and (ChromograinnA), which is a special detector Endocrine intestinal cells, three types of hormones. Immune chemical assessment in the mucous layer duodenum and the presence of hormones, 'glucose insulin tropic polypeptide(GIP) results showed (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide2 (GLP-2)' in epithelial cells collection along the internal axis of the villi , the cells appeared triangular or slender shape indicate that they are enter ondocrine cell chemical immunological consequences for many of the sections shown note chromogranin A detector chiefly for intestinal endocrine cells, the cells that have hormones (GIP) , glucose insulin tropic polypeptide and glucagon peptide GLP-1) containing this reagent representative confirm the site of these cells, a gastric endocrine cells ,the result attendance that presence the GIP was in the duodenal region higher than ilium & jejunum while the GLP-1/ GIP-2 was clear to a large extent in colon and obtrusive in ilium .
Improved vaccine strategies of infectious bronchitis disease to reduce shedding of virulent virus from infected birds
Authors: AL-Zuhariy Mushtaq T. B.
Published: August 2023

Infectious bronchitis (IB) threatens the economies of entire nations, by adversely affecting the backyard farmers, poultry producers and poultry industry throughout the world. Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), a member of the Coronaviridae family, is probably one of the most avian pathogens prevalent in the poultry industry worldwide. In the field which presents difference structures, especially in the S1 spike protein. Complicated immune response against IBV due to few similarities between serotypes. High mutation rate of the virus, in addition to the management and environmental factors, compromise the efficacy of the available vaccines and difficult the control of disease. Prepared effective IB vaccines from any IBV strain stimulates the immunity widely against morbidity and mortality after challenge with virulent IBV strains. On the other hand, vaccinates with live IBV vaccines do not reduce infection or viral shedding after challenge. In order to compare the prepared IBV vaccines taken four different IBV genotypes to determine stimulating immunity and the amount of viral shedding after challenge, two hundred fifty one day broiler chicks divided into five groups and vaccinated with oil-adjuvant vaccines prepared of Iraqi isolates (II, I-II, I- III and I-IV). different inactivated IB viruses including strains QX, CH Baghdad M 2014, CH Baghdad F1 2013, CH Babylon F2 2013, and an allantoic fluid control. Using a hemagglutination inhibition test for serum analysis after challenge with virulent IBV (Variant2) to knowledge antibody content against each of the vaccine antigens, Monitored the vaccinated birds daily for of morbidity and mortality were recorded, and used PCR to determine the amount of viral copy of examined clinical samples in selected periods of viral shedding. All vaccines used in the study gave good protection against morbidity and mortality, except the control group. Homologous vaccines gave good protection and lowest viral shedding in the trachea, kidney and feces compared to the heterogeneous vaccines.Key word: infectious bronchitis disease, inactivated vaccines, hemagglutination inhibition, viral load, challenge.
Effectivness the Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture in the Treatment of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Racing Horses: Comparative Study
Authors: Aljobory Abdul Muniem Ibrahim Salih
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of acupuncture and electroacupuncture on the symptoms of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness DOMS in racing horses through diminishing inflammation and decreasing pain. Unpredictable allocation to (10) racing horses with (DOMS), were assigned randomly to two groups, namely Acupuncture (A group) and Electroacupuncture (EA group). Both groups were performed the treatment three times every week for four sequential weeks. Measurement of pain with both front legs was used as indices of their efficacy by using the VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Significant differences in visual analog scores for pain were found between (A group) and (EA group) immediately after treatment. The results show that stimulation points of Acupuncture and Electroacupuncture relieved muscle pain of DOMS.
Role of seasonal changes on serum ghrelin and lipid profile in Turkish Awassi Rams
Authors: Ali Sabreen. M. Mohammed , Al-Ani Ahmad .A. , AL-Azawi Tahani .S.
Published: August 2023

The present study was designed to investigate the role of sesonality changes on some physiological aspect of Ghrelin , lipid profile and their relation to body weight.Ten adult Turkish Awassi rams (1.2-1.3 years in age) and bodies weights ranged (45-58kg) were used in this study , which lasted from the beginning of January 2016 to the end of October 2016. Body weights of each individual ram were taken for each ten days. Blood samples were collected every ten days along the experiment at fasting and feeding states . and then blood samples was collected one hour after feeding for the same ten adult rams(considered feeding state). Ghrelin , cholesterol, triglycerids ,HDL-C,LDL-C,VLDL-C concentrations were estimated . The environmental temperature was measured by using special thermometer every day along experimental peroid. The results of this study revealed a significant increase in ghrelin hormone,cholesterol, triglyceride,HDL-C,and VLDL-C concentrations ,specially at Winter and Spring seasons in Turkish awassi rams serum at fasting state as compared to feeding .Additionally , the concentration of LDL-C shows a significant decrease during feeding state. The correlation coefficient between studies parameters indicated that ghrelin has a positive significant correlation with Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL-C and VLDL-C levelin rams serum. On the other hand , the environmental temperature seems to has a highly negative significant(p≤0.01) correlation with serum levels of cholesterol, Triglyceride ,HDL-c,LDL-c and VLDL-c So we concluded the positive relationship between the ghrelin hormone and parameters related to lipid profiles and nagativelly relationship between environmental temperature and lipid profile under the effect of seasonality in the Turkish awassi rams.