bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The urological foot soldier: are we equipping our foundation-year doctors?
Authors: Cetti RJ , Singh R , Bissell L , Shaw R
Published: August 2010

Tomorrow's Doctors was first published by the General Medical Council (GMC) in 1993. The recommendations provide a framework for UK medical schools to use to design detailed curricula and schemes of assessment in the training of future doctors. They also set out the minimum standards that are used to judge the quality of undergraduate teaching. In 2003 this guidance was revised and a further 2009 version has now been published. A constant feature of these important documents is a list of therapeutic procedures that all graduates are expected be able to perform safely and effectively. These include male and female urethral catheterisation.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Working for the Patients?
Authors: Knight AL , Paice AG , Bailey STR
Published: August 2010

Increasing numbers of surgeons are incorporating the principles of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) into their routine practices. The benefits are becoming clear and are much beloved of both clinicians and hospital management, with reduced lengths of inpatient stays and lower financial costs at no additional, measurable detriment to the patient. However, what do the patients think? Are we pushing them too far, too fast?
Season of change
Authors: Stebbings Richard
Published: August 2010

Each year the three main political parties meet for an autumn conference to discuss key policies and outline their political agenda for the year ahead. The people that attend conferences include MPs, MEPs and peers, together with cabinet special advisors and other policy experts. These are exactly the people to whom the College needs to talk to ensure that we get the best for patients and surgeons.
China and Hong Kong visit
Authors: Ladwa Russ , Willmot Derrick
Published: August 2010

Russ Ladwa and Professor Derrick Willmot undertook a joint visit to Hong Kong and mainland China following the invitation of the Academy of General Dental Practice (AGDP) in Hong Kong in June 2010. This groundbreaking visit was the first visit in which the deans of both faculties represented dental surgery on an overseas visit.
Supporting surgeons in the workplace
Authors: Hermans Louisa
Published: August 2010

The College is committed to establishing an effective regional professional affairs infrastructure to support surgeons in the workplace. College directors for professional affairs (DPAs) are now in place in nine out of ten SHA regions in England and in Wales, where they have established local professional affairs boards. It is estimated that DPAs will be appointed to the two remaining regions, North East and Northern Ireland, by the end of 2010. The specialty associations are appointing further regional specialty professional advisors (RSPAs) to the regions in which the infrastructure is in place and continue to pilot the RSPA role. These appointments are endorsed by the College.
A trainee's perspective of the ISCP: are we any clearer?
Authors: Ansell J , Davies S , Hollowood A , Livingstone J
Published: August 2010

The Intercollegiate Surgical Curriculum Programme (ISCP) is a web-based system, approved by the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board, designed for the modern surgical trainee. First launched in August 2007, the ISCP provides the syllabus for surgical training in the UK. The website can be utilised by the trainee to record workplace-based assessments (WBAs), operations and appraisals under the guidance of an assigned educational supervisor (AES). This evidence is then used to demonstrate that the trainee has achieved the necessary targets set by the programme director (PD). The trainee then attends an annual review of competencies progression (ARCP), in which his or her suitability to progress within the programme is evaluated using the collated data.
Exciting times
Authors: Black John
Published: August 2010

Many thanks to all 980 of you who completed the recent survey on the effects of the European Working Time Regulations (EWTR) on safe surgical practice and training. The message was stark. After a year of supposed 48-hour working in the NHS, things are worse than they were a year ago. More consultants and trainees than in 2009 thought that patient care and training had deteriorated.
General surgery of childhood: guidance to commissioners and service planners
Authors: Boddy Su-Anna , Sarafidou Katerina
Published: August 2010

The Children's Surgical Forum (CSF) has published new guidance for commissioners and service planners to ensure the continued availability of general surgery for children that is safe, sustainable and close to home. The guidance, Ensuring the Provision of General Paediatric Surgery in the District General Hospital, aims to provide a tool for establishing managed clinical networks across NHS boundaries that will support the provision of routine surgical services for children in local hospitals.
Surgical Endoscopy Training in England
Authors: Nasralla D , Khan S , Ramus J , Soin B
Published: August 2010

Surgical training is going through a time of transition. With the introduction of the European Working Time Regulations (EWTR) and Modernising Medical Careers (MMC) the working week has been limited to 48 hours, while the time it takes to achieve the Certificate of Completion of Training has also been streamlined. This combination of factors poses problems for trainees with regards to exposure to procedures and obtaining adequate experience in their chosen specialty.
Traumatic arterial spasm causing transient limb ischaemia: a genuine clinical entity
Authors: Peach G , Antoniou GA , El Sakka K , Hamady M
Published: August 2010

Traumatic arterial spasm is a phenomenon that has long been questioned by clinicians. Indeed, some would argue that surgical exploration is mandatory whenever there are signs of distal ischaemia following limb trauma. We present a case of angiographically demonstrated tibial artery spasm following gunshot injury. Exploration was unnecessary and distal perfusion was reestablished spontaneously. This case demonstrates the existence of traumatic arterial spasm as a genuine clinical entity and suggests that immediate surgical exploration may not be necessary in all cases.
Neuroendocrine carcinoma arising within a retroperitoneal mature teratoma
Authors: Scott Alice L , Abbassi-Ghadi Nima , Archer Charles MG , Swamy Rajiv , Gupta Sanjay
Published: August 2010

We discuss an unusual case of a large cystic mass arising in the left upper quadrant of a 48-year-old woman. Radiological investigations could not confirm the origin or the nature of the mass. A laparatomy revealed a large retroperitoneal cystic mass sandwiched between the left adrenal, spleen and the gastro-oesophageal junction. Histological analysis confirmed a mature teratoma of the retroperitoneum with neuroendocrine carcinoma arising within it. To our knowledge this is only the second reported case of its kind.
Fractured migrated oesophageal stent fragment presenting as small bowel obstruction three years after insertion
Authors: Harries R , Campbell J , Ghosh S
Published: August 2010

Oesophageal stent migration is a recognised complication; however, few present distal to the stomach causing obstruction. To date, this has never been reported as occurring later than 2 years after insertion. An 84-year-old woman presented with small bowel obstruction secondary to a fractured migrated metallic oesophageal stent fragment; this occurred 3 years after placement for a benign oesophageal stricture, which had failed conservative management. Intra-operatively, the fractured segment of oesophageal stent was found at the ileocaecal junction.
Appendicitis in an incisional hernia after radical nephrectomy: a case report
Authors: Al-Hadithy Nawfal , Erotocritou Paul , Portou Mark J , Hamilton Hamish
Published: August 2010

Appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies, and is usually diagnosed clinically on point tenderness in the right iliac fossa. The diagnosis can be difficult if there is abnormal anatomy. This case looks into the presentation of appendicitis within an incisional hernia secondary to radical nephrectomy. Appendicitis may present within hernias, and there should be a low threshold for computed tomography assessment of hernias when there is clinical doubt about the symptoms associated with the hernia.
An unusual case of chronic anal pain – a pin in the bum?
Authors: Critchley Adam Charles , Holtham Stephen John
Published: August 2010

We report the case of a 70-year-old woman who had previously undergone anterior resection in 2001 for a diverticular stricture. Bleeding from pelvic veins intra-operatively necessitated the use of two thumbtacks to aid haemostasis. Over the next 7 years, she presented repeatedly with anal pain, bleeding and mucus discharge per rectum. Multiple lower gastrointestinal endoscopies failed to make a definitive diagnosis until a single thumbtack was found eroding through the rectal mucosa. This was removed and she has been subsequently asymptomatic. This condition was clearly difficult to diagnose and requires a high index of suspicion in those patients who have previously undergone pelvic surgery.
Life-threatening haemorrhage secondary to nicorandil-induced severe peri-anal ulceration
Authors: Mosley F , Bhasin N , Davies JB , Ausobsky JR
Published: August 2010

Nicorandil-induced ulceration is rare but has been reported at multiple sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract. We report a life-threatening complication of such ulceration – catastrophic per-rectal haemorrhage requiring emergency surgery with no prior symptoms. Whilst nicorandil should be considered in cases of chronic peri-anal and peristomal ulceration which fail to respond to conventional treatments, this case highlights its importance in the setting of acute surgical presentations.
Appendiceal intussusception mistaken for a polyp at colonoscopy: case report and review of literature
Authors: Salehzadeh Alireza , Scala Andrea , Simson Jay NL
Published: August 2010

We report a case of appendiceal intussusception which was erroneously labelled as a 10-mm polypoid caecal lesion on colonoscopy and, therefore, followed up over an 11-year period before the correct diagnosis was made. We present the radiological and endoscopic appearance of appendiceal intussusception and a review of the literature.
Penetrating knife injury to the frontal lobe – a case report
Authors: Gulati Aakshay , Srinivasan Badri , Hunter Roger , Flood Timothy R
Published: August 2010

Penetrating injuries of the craniofacial region are increasing and have the potential to cause severe vascular and neurological deficit. We present our management of a case with a knife stab injury to the infra-orbital region, traversing the orbit and penetrating into the anterior cranial fossa, the tip lying in close proximity to the anterior cerebral circulation.
Are there bases for evidence-based health policy in Switzerland? Factors influencing the extent of evaluation activity in health policy in the Swiss cantons
Authors: Balthasar Andreas
Published: August 2010

This paper aims at explaining the extent of evaluation activity in Swiss cantonal health policy. It is a quantitative analysis of determinants that promote evaluation. For the first time, it draws together data on the frequency of health policy evaluations in the Swiss cantons, shows the results of bi- and multivariate analysis and interprets them based on policy analysis hypotheses. The investigation allows the conclusion that only a minority of cantons conducts systematic evaluations of health policy measures or regularly initiates research studies. The base for evidence-based cantonal health policy in Switzerland can therefore be considered as narrow. The most important factor explaining the differences among the cantons in their evaluation activity is their population size.
Issues in conducting and disseminating brief reviews of evidence
Authors: Abrami Philip C. , Borokhovski Eugene , Bernard Robert M. , Wade C. Anne , Tamim Rana , Persson Tonje , Bethel Edward Clement , Hanz Katherine , Surkes Michael A.
Published: August 2010

A brief review of evidence is limited in time and/or scope compared to a comprehensive review. However, brief reviews are important not only in meeting the needs of policy makers and practitioners, but also in providing students and researchers with an overview of the evidence. In this paper we summarise and evaluate alternative methods for brief reviews, including: using strict inclusion criteria; reviewing only a sample of evidence and eliminating or reducing steps in the review process. We examine a sample of brief reviews and found that the majority did not meet the methodological standards of comprehensive reviews. We conclude by recommending some methodological standards for brief reviews.
Majority members' acculturation goals as predictors and effects of attitudes and behaviours towards migrants
Authors: Geschke Daniel , Mummendey Amélie , Kessler Thomas , Funke Friedrich
Published: August 2010

Migration causes permanent processes of acculturation involving migrants but also members of mainstream society. A longitudinal field study with 70 German majority members investigated how their acculturation goals causally related to their attitudes and behaviours towards migrants. We distinguished acculturation goals concerning the migrants' culture(s) (what migrants should do) and acculturation goals concerning the usually neglected own changing mainstream culture. Both were conceived along the two dimensions of ‘culture maintenance’ and ‘culture adoption’. Cross‐sectionally we found many strong links between acculturation goals and attitudes and behaviours towards migrants, only some of which held longitudinally. As hypothesized there was no clear one‐sided causal direction. As many causal links lead from acculturation goals to attitudes and behaviours, as in the opposite direction. Majority members' German culture acculturation goals proved especially valuable, because they determined attitudes and behaviour towards migrants most strongly.
Determination of Ester Content in Different Kinds of Biodiesel
Authors: Faria Fátima D. , Cerqueira Klaire O. , Leal Glaucia P. , Pereira Rosana C. L. , Neto Manoel J. R. G.
Published: August 2010

Since the beginning of the Brazilian National Program of Production and Use of Biodiesel, Petrobras Research Center has been working in the evaluation of several raw materials for biodiesel production. Soybean, castor oil, animal fat, palm oil, and other raw materials have been studied. In Brazil, international methodologies have been used to analyze biodiesel samples. The existing international methods are not applicable to biodiesel samples from all sources. Due to the variety of existing raw materials in the country, it was necessary to develop a method for the determination of total ester content of biodiesel from any source, including animal fat, castor oil, palm, coconut, and others. A new Brazilian standard method, ABNT NBR 15764:2009 [1], was developed using gas chromatography and a mixture of esters as an external standard.
Segregation in Vacuum Arc Remelted Zirconium Alloy Ingots
Authors: Jardy A. , Leclerc F. , Revil-Baudard M. , Guerin P. , Combeau H. , Rebeyrolle V.
Published: August 2010

Vacuum arc remelting of zirconium alloy ingots is a key step in the manufacturing process of fuel assembly components in nuclear reactors. The control of the analytical homogeneity is indeed fundamental to ensure the quality and the in-reactor performance of the final products. For this reason, together with other industrial companies, AREVA NP/CEZUS has undertaken for more than 20 years a partnership with the Nancy School of Mines, which has developed a specific code named SOLidification during Arc Remelting (SOLAR). The mathematical model is based on the solution of the coupled transient heat, momentum, and solute transport equations, under laminar or turbulent flow conditions, during the remelting and cooling of a cylindrical ingot. An important part of the overall work is the careful validation of numerical simulations. For this purpose, specific sets of thermophysical data have been determined for various zirconium alloys. The model results show good agreement with the observation of 6 tons ingots remelted under industrial conditions. The specific case of a single melt M5™M5 is a trademark of AREVA NP. ingot was recently studied. The corresponding results are presented and discussed. The chemistry analysis has been enriched with structure examinations, aiming at improving the knowledge of solidification mechanisms in zirconium alloys. The use of SOLAR code to evaluate the ingot chemistry contributes to constantly improving the melting process applied to zirconium alloys in AREVA NP/CEZUS.
James Beard's Early TV Work: A Report on Research
Authors: polan dana
Published: August 2010

Through the discovery at the Library of Congress of some surviving audio tapes and of NBC log books, this essay seeks to provide more detailed description than hitherto available of James Beard's contributions to cooking pedagogy on American television in the immediate postwar period (specifically, 1946––47). The essay examines the style and content of Beard's pedagogy on three series, Radio City Matinee, For You and Yours, and I Love to Eat. Beard's television efforts are situated in relation to his first efforts as a public propagandist for good American cuisine in his cookbooks of the first part of the 1940s.
Luc Moullet's Food Lessons: Origins of a Meal
Authors: shafto sally
Published: August 2010

Over the past decade numerous important films have documented the production of what we eat and drink, often with the filmmaker taking a lead role as investigative reporter. French filmmaker Luc Moullet's Genèèse d'un repas (Origins of a Meal, 1980), was on the vanguard thirty years ago of this current wave of food-focused documentaries. Origins of a Meal is a comparative documentary on the handling and processing of various foods (eggs, bananas, and tuna) in three different countries: France, Ecuador, and Senegal. Moullet uncovers certain prejudices among his compatriots: in the late 70s, the French preferred bananas from Martinique and Guadaloupe, which are French overseas territories, to those from Ecuador. He also documents differences in wages and working conditions and dispels the myth that the cost of living is necessarily cheaper in Senegal or Ecuador than in France. Ultimately, Origins of a Meal is a film àà charge against Western capitalism, specifically in its French and American manifestations.
High prevalence of genu varum/valgum in European children with low vitamin D status and insufficient dairy products/calcium intakes
Authors: Voloc A , Esterle L , Nguyen T M , Walrant-Debray O , Colofitchi A , Jehan F , Garabedian M
Published: August 2010

Objective

The prevalence of lower limb deformities physiologically decreases after 5 years of age. It remains high in some tropical and subtropical regions where it has been associated with severe vitamin D deficiency, low calcium/milk intakes, malnutrition, and/or fluoride overexposure. Very little data is available in apparently healthy Caucasian children and adolescents.

Design

We evaluated the prevalence of genu varum/valgum and other clinical symptoms, and assessed vitamin D status and markers of calcium metabolism in 226 apparently healthy European full-time boarders (7–16 years) seen during winter–spring and fed a cereal-based diet with little access to meat, milk, and dairy products. A cohort of 71 white children and adolescents hospitalized for acute illness served as age-matched controls.

Results

Association studies showed a high prevalence of lower limb deformities (36%) and higher alkaline phosphate activities in the 21% of children and adolescent full-time boarders with serum 25-(OH)D levels ≤30 nmol/l, and low serum calcium in the 74% of boarders with 25-(OH)D levels ≤50 nmol/l, compared with boarders with higher vitamin D status. No such anomalies were found in the control cohort despite lower serum 25-(OH)D levels.

Conclusions

Low 25-(OH)D levels, at least during winter–spring, combined with additional risk factors such as very low calcium/milk intakes and possibly digestive disorders, are associated with an increased risk of genu varum/valgum in European children and adolescents. Thus, dietary fortification, or supplementation with vitamin D, may be recommended, at least during the winter, to European children and adolescents with either none or insufficient calcium/dairy product intakes.
Biological significance of naturally occurring deuterium: the antitumor effect of deuterium depletion
Authors: Somlyai Gábor , Molnár Miklós , Laskay Gábor , Szabó Mariann , Berkényi Tamás , Guller Imre , Kovács András
Published: August 2010

A felszíni vizekben a deutérium (D) koncentrációja több mint 16 mmol/l (150 ppm), az élő szervezetekben 10 mmol/l fölötti. A csökkentett deutériumtartalmú (30±5 ppm) vízzel folyó kutatások során korábban azt tapasztalták, hogy a deutériummegvonás gátolta a sejtosztódást
in vitro
különböző tumoros sejtvonalakban (PC-3, humán prosztatatumor; MDA, humán emlőtumor; HT-29, humán vastagbéltumor; M14, humán melanoma). A csökkentett deutériumtartalmú víz tumorregressziót idézett elő humán eredetű tumorral xenotranszplantált, immunszuppresszált egerekben (MDA és MCF-7 humán emlőtumor, PC-3 prosztatatumor), és apoptózist indukált
in vitro
és
in vivo
. A csökkentett deutériumtartalmú víz (25±5 ppm) részleges vagy teljes tumorregressziót idézett elő spontán tumoros kutyákban és macskákban. A készítményt 1999-ben daganatellenes állatgyógyszerként törzskönyvezték (Vetera-DDW-25 A.U.V., 13/99 FVM). Injekciós változatát klinikai vizsgálatban sikeresen tesztelték. Az Országos Gyógyszerészeti Intézet 5621/40/95 számú engedélye alapján, a GCP-elvek betartásával lefolytatott randomizált, kettős vak elrendezésű humán fázis II klinikai vizsgálat szignifikáns különbséget igazolt a kontroll- és a kezelt csoport között a vizsgált paraméterek vonatkozásában. Egyéves utánkövetés során a csökkentett deutériumtartalmú víz szignifikánsan csökkentette a prosztatatumoros betegek halálozási arányát, miközben a túlélés hosszát szignifikánsan növelte. Az eredmények azt igazolják, hogy a sejtek képesek szabályozni a deutérium/hidrogén (D/H) arányát és ennek változtatásával elindítani bizonyos molekuláris folyamatokat, amelyeknek kulcsszerepük van a sejtciklus szabályozásában. Feltételezzük, hogy nem az intracelluláris pH változása, hanem az azt kísérő D/H arány változása adja meg a sejteknek a jelet az S-fázisba lépéshez. A D-koncentráció csökkenése beavatkozik a szignáltranszdukciós folyamatokba, így idézve elő a tumor regresszióját. A D szerepének felismerése a sejtosztódás szabályozásában új lehetőségeket nyit meg a daganatterápia és a megelőzés területén, hozzájárulva ezzel a jelenlegi daganatellenes terápiák hatékonyságának növeléséhez.
Future endangered: education and replacement of specialists in neurology – a survey, 2010
Authors: Bereczki Dániel , Csiba László , Komoly Sámuel , Vécsei László
Published: August 2010

A neurológusszakorvos-hiány egyre nyilvánvalóbb problémává válik, nemcsak a kis kórházakban, hanem a súlyponti intézményekben és az egyetemi klinikákon is. A jelenlegi felmérés célja a neurológus szakorvosok jelenlegi számának áttekintése, valamint a következő évtizedben várható szakmai utánpótlás becslése. Működési engedéllyel 2010 elején Magyarországon 1310 neurológus rendelkezik. Az Országos Egészségbiztosítási Pénztár számára neurológiai tevékenységet 2009 során legalább 1 alkalommal 948 szakorvos jelentett. A rutin-betegellátásban ténylegesen elsősorban neurológiai területen dolgozók száma 750 körüli. A neurológusok életkori megoszlására jellemző a fiatal korosztály jelentős hiánya. Az ország 9 megyéjében legfeljebb egy 35 év alatti neurológus dolgozik. A 2000–2009 közötti tízéves időszakban, éves átlagban 22 új szakorvos lépett a rendszerbe. Ez a szám kevés a külföldre távozó és a betegellátásból egyéb okból kilépő neurológus szakorvosok pótlására. A 40–60 év közötti neurológusok száma a jelenlegi kormegoszlás alapján 2020-ra akkor is a jelenlegi érték kétharmada alá csökken, ha teljesen megszűnne a külföldi munkavállalás. Ha a külföldre vándorlás a jelenlegi szinten marad, és az utánpótlás mértéke nem nő, 2020-ra várhatóan 300 szakorvosra marad az ország neurológiai betegellátása. Mivel ez a szám a feladat ellátásához elégtelen, és a tendencia egyértelműen előre látható, az egészségügyi kormányzatnak sürgősen lépnie kell a jövő neurológus szakorvosi ellátásának biztosítása érdekében.
Treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Dank Magdolna
Published: August 2010

A primer hepatocellularis carcinoma az ötödik leggyakoribb szolid tumor a világon. Gyakorisága a harmadik világ országaiban a legmagasabb, de a világszerte növekvő migrációval párhuzamosan incidenciája a fejlett országokban is növekedést mutat. A májrák kialakulásának hátterében Ázsiában és Afrikában döntően a krónikus HBV-infekció áll, míg a nyugati világban a HCV-etiológia a jellemző. A májrák incidenciáját a klímaváltozás tovább növeli, mivel a forró, száraz éghajlat elősegíti a gabonafélék aflatoxinfertőzöttségének fokozódását. Az aflatoxinok a legerősebb hatású, természetben előforduló hepatocarcinogének, ezért az aflatoxinexpozíció minimalizálása a jövőben igen fontos élelmiszer-biztonsági feladat. A májrákos betegek zöme előrehaladott stádiumban kerül kezelésre, így a beavatkozási lehetőségek korlátozottak. A szisztémás kemoterápia nem változtatott a betegek prognózisán, hiszen alacsony remissziós rátával és számos szövődménnyel járt. Napjainkban új terápiás lehetőségek jelentek meg, beleértve azokat a célzott terápiákat, amelyek a hepatocarcinogenesisben szerepet játszó jelátvivő rendszereket blokkolják. Az orális multikináz-inhibitor sorafenib az első szisztémás szer, amelynek alkalmazásával túlélési előnyt igazoltak előrehaladott májrákban. Számos egyéb, ígéretes terápiás lehetőség áll klinikai kipróbálás alatt.
Caracterização molecular de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes a carbapenêmicos e produtoras de metalo-β-lactamase isoladas em hemoculturas de crianças e adolescentes com câncer
Authors: Fernandes Thais Ávila , Pereira Carlos Alberto Pires , Petrili Antonio Sergio , Pignatari Antônio Carlos Campos
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCÃO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a prevalência e a disseminação de amostras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistente aos carbapenêmicos e produtoras de metalo-β-lactamases isoladas de hemoculturas (2000-2005) de pacientes do Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica da UNIFESP (IOP-GRAACC). MÉTODOS E RESULTADOS: Cinquenta e seis amostras de Pseudomonas aeruginosa foram isoladas de 49 pacientes. Trinta e duas dessas amostras foram classificadas como resistentes aos carbapenêmicos pela técnica de disco difusão e submetidas a reação de PCR para detecção de genes de MBL. Dezoitos dessas 32 amostras evidenciaram o gene blaSPM-1. Oito amostras selecionadas em diferentes anos no período de estudo apresentaram o mesmo perfil genético por pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A terapêutica antimicrobiana foi considerada adequada em apenas 23,5% dos pacientes com bacteremia por P. aeruginosa carreando blaSPM-1 e letalidade de 70,6% no período de até 30 dias após a bacteremia e uma inadequação inicial dos esquemas antibióticos utilizados CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciamos a presença de um clone de P. aeruginosa resistente aos carbapenêmicos carreando blaSPM-1 que persistiu em amostras de hemocultura pelo período de 6 anos na instituição, com alta letalidade, justificando uma vigilância epidemiológica rigorosa e uma readequação dos esquemas de terapia antimicrobianos na instituição.
Linfócitos CD4, CD8 e células NK no estroma da cérvice uterina de mulheres infectadas pelo papilomavírus humano
Authors: Alves Daniella Borges , Tozetti Inês Aparecida , Gatto Flávia Almeida , Cassandri Fernanda , Ferreira Alda Maria Teixeira , Carlos Eurico dos Santos Fernandes , Falcão Gustavo Ribeiro , Scapulatempo Ilzia Doraci Lins , Padovani Cacilda Tezelli Junqueira , Abdo Maria Auxiliadora Gomes Sandim
Published: August 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: A resposta imune pode ser um elemento chave para a progressão ou remissão da infecção pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) no estroma da cérvice uterina. Este estudo objetivou quantificar no estroma cervical a presença de linfócitos T CD4, CD8 e células NK, por imunohistoquímica, em lesões de alto e baixo grau em pacientes infectadas por HPV MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 56 amostras de biópsia da estroma cervical, sendo 43 amostras positivas para DNA de HPV de alto risco oncogênico e com diagnóstico histopatológico de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) de alto e baixo grau, ou negativa para lesão intraepitelial e malignidade (NILM), e 13 amostras de pacientes negativas para DNA de HPV com diagnóstico histopatológico NILM RESULTADOS: Maior quantidade de linfócitos T CD4 foi observada em amostras NIC II/III, carcinoma e NILM (p=0,04) e naquelas cuja carga viral esteve entre 10 e 1,000 RLU/PCB. O predomínio de linfócitos T CD8 ocorreu em maior proporção nas amostras NIC II/III (p=0,02) e em amostras com carga viral entre 100 e 1.000 RLU/PCB. As células NK prevaleceram nas amostras com lesões de baixo grau e com baixa carga viral CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo comprovou que nas fases iniciais da infecção, onde não há ainda alterações celulares de alto grau, não temos a presença de células que possam desencadear a fase efetora da resposta imune.
Análise espacial da tuberculose infantil no estado do Espírito Santo, 2000 a 2007
Authors: Sales Carolina Maia Martins , Figueiredo Túlio Alberto Martins de , Zandonade Eliana , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: August 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: A tuberculose infantil é responsável por 15% das notificações dos casos. O foco do Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose é a identificação da tuberculose em adultos, deixando os menores de 15 anos à margem dos estudos, diagnóstico e tratamento. A análise espacial quantifica a exposição à doença e expõe as principais causas relacionadas ao espaço geográfico. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a distribuição espacial da tuberculose infantil no Espírito Santo, de 2000 a 2007, segundo município de notificação MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo ecológico dos 515 casos de tuberculose infantil, entre 2000 e 2007. Utilizou-se o Método Bayesiano Empírico Local para estimação do risco. O Índice de Moram Local foi calculado para avaliação da autocorrelação entre as incidências de bairros limítrofes RESULTADOS: Altas taxas de incidência foram encontradas na Região Metropolitana de Vitória e região nordeste, e baixas taxas na região serrana; dados semelhantes foram observados no estudo da endemia de tuberculose em adultos no Espírito Santo, o que pode possivelmente estar relacionada aos contatos intradomiciliares CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo identifica possíveis áreas de transmissão recente da doença. É importante ressaltar que o conhecimento dos locais prioritários para o controle, pode auxiliar a gestão publica na diminuição das iniquidades em saúde e permitir uma otimização dos recursos e das equipes no controle da tuberculose infantil.
Epidemiology of extended spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacter bacteremia in a brazilian hospital
Authors: Tuon Felipe Francisco , Bianchet Leila Carolina , Penteado-Filho Sergio Ricardo
Published: August 2010

INTRODUCTION: Enterobacter can be included in the group of extended spectrum β-lactamases (EBSL)-producing bacteria, though few studies exist evaluating risk factors associated with this microorganism. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine risk factors associated with ESBL-producing-Enterobacter and mortality METHODS: A retrospective cohort study with 58 bacteremia caused by ESBL-producing-Enterobacter (28 cases) and non-ESBL (30 cases) RESULTS: Risk factors associated with ESBL-Enterobacter were trauma, length of hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit, urinary catheter and elective surgery (p< 0.05). The survival curves were similar for ESBL and non-ESBL CONCLUSIONS: ESBL-producing-Enterobacter bacteremia is prevalent and the survival curve was similar to non-ESBL-producing strains.
Pesquisa de Acinetobacter sp e Pseudomonas aeruginosa produtores de metalo-β-lactamase em hospital de emergência de Porto Alegre, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Laranjeira Vani Dos Santos , Marchetti Desiree Padilha , Steyer Juçara Rodrigues , Corção Gertrudes , Picoli Simone Ulrich
Published: August 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: O aparecimento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter sp produtores de metalo-β-lactamases (MBLs) é um desafio para os hospitais. MÉTODOS: Verificou-se a produção de MBL em cepas clínicas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Acinetobacter sp de um hospital de emergência de Porto Alegre pelo método de aproximação de disco e E-test MBL. Os genes bla foram pesquisados pela PCR. RESULTADOS: Duas cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa e oito Acinetobacter sp demonstraram fenótipo de MBLs. A amplificação do gene blaSPM-1 confirmou a enzima em P. aeruginosa.. CONCLUSÕES: Deve-se ter cautela ao avaliar testes fenotípicos utilizados na detecção rotineira de metalo-enzima.
Febre do viajante associada com adenite cervical e sororreatividade para Bartonella sp em paciente brasileira, após retorno da África do Sul
Authors: Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio de , Mares-Guia Maria Angélica Mello , Almeida Daniele Nunes de , Silva Raphael Gomes da , Silva Cristiane Manoel , Britto Constança , Lamas Cristiane Cruz
Published: August 2010

Um grande número de viajantes visita anualmente, por estudo, turismo ou trabalho o continente africano. Um caso de adenomegalia cervical e hepatoesplenomegalia associado à febre de duas semanas de duração com teste sorológico positivo para Bartonella sp em uma paciente de 22 anos do sexo feminino que retornou da África do Sul após realização de trabalho de campo com primatas em área silvestre é apresentado.
Novo gênero e espécie de Blattellidae (Blattaria) da região Amazônica, Brasil
Authors: Lopes Sonia Maria , Oliveira Edivar Heeren de
Published: August 2010

Descreve-se um novo gênero (Chorisomaculata), similar a Chorisoneura Brunner, 1865 e uma nova espécie (Chorisomaculata manauensis) do estado do Amazonas. A genitália do macho é ilustrada.
Estimativas de parâmetros populacionais e demográficos de Ozotoceros bezoarticus (Artiodactyla, Cervidae) em Piraí do Sul, Paraná, sul do Brasil
Authors: Braga Fernanda G. , Kuniyoshi Yoshiko S.
Published: August 2010

Este estudo foi realizado em duas propriedades particulares, situadas no município de Piraí do Sul, sul do Brasil. Foram realizadas 16 fases de campo mensais, com três dias de duração, no período compreendido entre fevereiro de 2001 e maio de 2002, com o objetivo de obter informações sobre a biologia do veado-campeiro (Ozotoceros bezoarticus Linnaeus, 1758) e identificar os principais fatores de impacto sobre o mesmo. Foram computadas 1.065 observações, estimando-se 71,45 indivíduos na população, sendo o tamanho médio dos grupos de 2,29 (DV ± 0,55), e a razão sexual de 0,83. Indivíduos isolados corresponderam a 40% das observações, sendo o maior grupo composto por 10 indivíduos. Registrou-se um pico de nascimentos entre setembro e novembro, embora esses tenham acontecido ao longo de todo o estudo. Foram registrados 34 óbitos, correspondendo a uma mortalidade de 47,6%, sendo as principais causas a predação por Puma concolor (Linnaeus, 1771), a caça e os atropelamentos. A população estudada encontra-se severamente ameaçada, e não sobreviverá por muito tempo a menos que políticas que garantam a sua conservação sejam adotadas. Estas políticas devem incluir o manejo adequado das áreas e o controle dos vetores de pressão.
Levantamento populacional do cervo-do-pantanal Blastocerus dichotomus (Mammalia, Cervidae) no Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande e entorno: implicações para a conservação
Authors: Tiepolo Liliani M. , Tomas Walfrido M. , Lima-Borges Paulo A.
Published: August 2010

Nós conduzimos um levantamento populacional aéreo do cervo-do-pantanal, Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815), no Parque Nacional de Ilha Grande e seu entorno, entre os estados do Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, na estação seca. Utilizamos a técnica da contagem dupla, e a população foi estimada em 1.079 ± 207 cervos em uma área amostral de 1.081 km², corresponde a uma densidade de 0,998 ± 0,192 ind/km². A população mostrou-se mais concentrada no interior do parque, ocupando também várzeas alteradas fora dos limites do parque. Estes resultados devem subsidiar medidas de manejo e conservação da população no parque nacional e seu entorno, devido à enorme pressão antrópica sobre a população de cervos na região.
Assemblages of drosophilids (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in mangrove forests: community ecology and species diversity
Authors: Schmitz Hermes J. , Hofmann Paulo R. P. , Valente Vera L. S.
Published: August 2010

Brazilian fauna of drosophilids has been researched in various ecosystems, but those in mangrove forests remain overlooked in Brazil and elsewhere. The present study attempts to characterise the assemblages of drosophilids of this environment, based on 28 collections taken in three mangrove areas in Santa Catarina Island, southern Brazil. The three mangroves surveyed were different in their surroundings, which varied from highly urbanised areas to conservation areas with natural vegetation. Overall, 69 species were collected, and no remarkable difference was detected in species composition and abundances or in the richness, evenness and heterogeneity between sites. The species abundance distribution observed fitted to a theoretical lognormal distribution in the three mangroves. The species richness scored and the performance of the species richness estimators showed an unexpectedly high diversity, considering the very low floristic diversity and the harsh conditions of the environment. Regarding species composition and abundances, the drosophilid mangrove assemblages were shown to be more similar to those found in open environments, with a marked dominance of exotic species. Finally, considering the apparent lack of feeding and breeding sites, we suggest that mangrove forests are acting as sink habitats for the drosophilids populations.
Performance of Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera, Tephritidae) larvae fed on artificial diets
Authors: Fontellas-Brandalha Tânia M. L. , Cresoni-Pereira Carla , Leal Thamara A. B. S. , Medeiros Luanda , Zucoloto Fernando S.
Published: August 2010

Moscas das frutas do gênero Anastrepha Schiner, 1868 são conhecidas por sua importância econômica devido aos danos que elas causam nos frutos comerciais. As exigências nutricionais dos estágios imaturo e adulto são diferentes e as larvas não se desenvolvem bem utilizando a mesma dieta do adulto. Embora as necessidades nutricionais básicas dos insetos sejam bem conhecidas, existe ainda o problema de elaborar dietas de criação adequadas para espécies com necessidades específicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de diferentes tipos e quantidades de carboidratos na dieta sobre a performance larval de Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart, 1835). Larvas foram criadas individualmente em tubos de ensaio contendo uma das dietas artificiais a serem testadas onde elas foram mantidas até a pupação. A composição básica das dietas testadas incluia 2,5 g de agar, 3,25 g de levedo de cerveja e quantidades variadas de sacarose e farinha de trigo. A adequação do meio artificial para A. obliqua foi testada pela avaliação da sobrevivência larval e pupal (%) e o tempo de desenvolvimento larval, pupal e de larva-adulto. A dieta contendo farinha de trigo (2 g) e sacarose (2 g) e a dieta somente com sacarose (5,5 g) foram as que apresentaram melhor performance larval. Todas as dietas testadas apresentaram resultados similares ou superiores às dietas utilizadas em outros trabalhos. A importância da presença da farinha de trigo e seu valor nutricional para as larvas são discutidos.
O gênero Eustala (Araneae, Araneidae) no sul do Brasil: duas espécies novas, descrições complementares e novas ocorrências
Authors: Poeta Maria Rita M. , Marques Maria Aparecida L. , Buckup Erica Helena
Published: August 2010

Eustala levii sp. nov. e E. palmares sp. nov. são descritas do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, com base em ambos os sexos. Os machos de E. albiventer (Keyserling, 1884), E. taquara (Keyserling, 1892) e E. photographica Mello-Leitão, 1944, são descritos pela primeira vez e as fêmeas são redescritas. Eustala sanguinosa (Keyserling, 1893) é considerada sinônimo de E. albiventer. Eustala photographica, descrita da Argentina, é registrada pela primeira vez para o Brasil. Novas ocorrências ampliam a distribuição geográfica de E. minuscula (Keyserling, 1892) e E. saga (Keyserling, 1893).
Seasonal and diel variation in the fish assemblage of a Neotropical delta in southern Brazil
Authors: Saccol-Pereira Adriana , Fialho Clarice B.
Published: August 2010

The objective of this study was to identify the patterns of seasonal and diel variation and the most important abiotic factors that influence variation in the fish assemblage of the Delta of the Jacuí River in southern Brazil. Seventy-two samples were collected over a one year period. Water temperature was the abiotic factor with the greatest influence on the distribution of the assemblage. The structure of the assemblage exhibited significant changes in terms of species abundance and biomass during the year, with the greatest abundance and biomass being observed during the autumn. There was no significant difference between day and night in terms of abundance, but biomass was significantly greater during the night than during the day.
Quantificação de biomassa e estimativa de estoque de carbono em uma capoeira da Zona da Mata Mineira
Authors: Ribeiro Sabina Cerruto , Jacovine Laércio Antônio Gonçalves , Soares Carlos Pedro Boechat , Martins Sebastião Venâncio , Nardelli Áurea Maria Brandi , Souza Agostinho Lopes de
Published: August 2010

Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar os estoques de volume, de biomassa total com casca e de carbono em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual em estádio secundário médio (capoeira) na Zona da Mata mineira, no Município de Viçosa, MG. Para a conversão de volume em biomassa foram obtidas estimativas de densidade básica das 10 espécies de maior valor de importância (VI). O estoque de carbono foi determinado considerando-se que a biomassa seca contém cerca de 50% de carbono. Foram contabilizadas 31 espécies arbóreas, distribuídas em 29 gêneros e 21 famílias. A biomassa total média das árvores foi de 38,99 t.ha-1, o que correspondeu a um estoque de carbono de 19,50 ± 8,08 tC.ha-1. O valor encontrado foi considerado baixo quando comparado com o de outros estudos. Uma explicação para isso podem ser as influências sofridas pelo uso anterior da área e a ação de efeitos de borda na capoeira, o que contribuiu para a menor estocagem de biomassa e de carbono. As estimativas obtidas para a capoeira podem ser usadas como subsídios para a elaboração de projetos de florestamento/reflorestamento do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo.
Alteração estrutural de uma área de cerrado explorada sob regime de manejo no município de João Pinheiro-Minas Gerais-Brasil
Authors: Figueiredo Maria Auxiliadora Pereira , Souza Agostinho Lopes de , Meira Neto João Augusto Alves , Silva Alexandre Francisco da , Figueire Luiz Henrique Arimura
Published: August 2010

Os planos de manejo em execução na atualidade são, em sua maioria, uma exploração florestal realizada com o título de plano de manejo. Para subsidiar a diferenciação dessas duas modalidades de exploração, foi realizado o presente trabalho, que teve como objetivo verificar a sustentabilidade do plano de manejo de cerrado executado na fazenda Santa Cecília, no município de João Pinheiro, estado de Minas Gerais, por meio da análise estrutural da vegetação, identificando alguns de seus impactos, em relação a uma área de cerrado não explorada. A avaliação foi realizada por meio de parcelas, que foram lançadas na área explorada em 1994/95 e na área ainda não-explorada. Os resultados da análise da estrutura horizontal demonstraram que houve diferença significativa na Densidade Absoluta e Volume Total e na Dominância Absoluta entre as áreas estudadas. Os resultados da estrutura diamétrica demonstraram diferença significativa para a distribuição da densidade e entre a distribuição da área basal e do volume total. Esses resultados indicaram que a exploração foi realizada além dos limites que permitissem a recuperação da vegetação para um novo corte, ao final do ciclo de corte.
Limites de precaução e de controle em análises nutricionais de espécies florestais
Authors: Lúcio Alessandro Dal Col , Rossato Rafael Augusto Rossato de , Schumacher Mauro Valmir , Fortes Fabiano de Oliveira , Storck Lindolfo , Witschoreck Rudi
Published: August 2010

Este trabalho teve por objetivo estimar os limites de precaução e de controle para os macros e micronutrientes presentes em diferentes componentes da biomassa de Acacia mearnsii, Eucalyptus spp. e Pinus taeda. As 40.183 análises foram separadas por elemento químico, componente e espécie. Foram estabelecidos os limites com base nos resultados dos testes de aderência à distribuição normal e nos critérios de classificação. Os resultados dos teores médios obtidos ficaram dentro da faixa de valores encontrados na literatura para as espécies florestais estudadas, componentes da biomassa e elementos químicos. Os teores dos elementos químicos foram diferentes entre as espécies para cada tipo de componente analisado. Independentemente da espécie florestal estudada, as folhas e acículas apresentam maiores teores, enquanto o lenho, os menores. Os limites estimados, propostos neste trabalho, permitem maior controle na classificação dos resultados, aumentando a confiabilidade nas análises nutricionais.
Variação da densidade aparente e resistência à compressão paralela às fibras em função da intensidade de desbaste, adubação e posição radial em Eucalyptus grandis hill ex-maiden
Authors: Lima Israel Luiz de , Garcia José Nivaldo
Published: August 2010

O Eucalyptus grandis destaca-se pela produtividade e qualidade de sua madeira. O manejo florestal ideal das árvores em que se obtém maior proporção de madeira e melhor qualidade é uma das questões a serem consideradas nas pesquisas de E. grandis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a variação da densidade aparente e da resistência à compressão paralela às fibras em função da intensidade de desbaste, adubação e classe de diâmetro, na posição radial nas árvores de uma população de E. grandis de 21 anos de idade, manejada pelo sistema de desbastes seletivos com aplicação de fertilizantes na época do início dos desbastes, ou seja, aos 5 anos. Os fatores utilizados foram: três intensidades de desbastes seletivos (37, 50 e 75%), presença ou ausência de fertilizantes, três classes de diâmetro e cinco posições radiais. As influências dos fatores e de suas combinações foram avaliadas na densidade aparente e na resistência à compressão da madeira. A densidade aparente da madeira e a resistência à compressão foram influenciadas pelos fatores: adubo e classe de diâmetro em quase todas as posições radiais aumentaram no sentido da medula para a casca. Observou-se relação positiva entre densidade aparente, resistência à compressão e posição radial.