bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A sequential test for assessing the effectiveness of response strategies during an emerging epidemic
Authors: Lam K.F. , Qu Yuanke
Published: June 2022

In epidemiology, the fatality rate is an important indicator of disease severity and has been used to evaluate the effects of new treatments. During an emerging epidemic with limited resources, monitoring the changes in fatality rate can also provide signals on the evaluation of government policies and healthcare quality, which helps to guide public health decision. A statistical test is developed in this paper to detect changes in fatality rate over time during the course of an emerging infectious disease. A major advantage of the proposed test is that it only requires the regularly reported numbers of deaths and recoveries, which meets the actual need as detailed surveillance data are hard to collect during the course of an emerging epidemic especially the deadly infectious diseases with large magnitude. In addition, with the sequential testing procedure, the effective measures can be detected at the earliest possible time to provide guidance to policymakers for swift action. Simulation studies showed that the proposed test performs well and is sensitive in picking up changes in the fatality rate. The test is applied to the 2014–2016 Ebola outbreak in Sierra Leone for illustration.
Digital platforms for food waste reduction: The value for business users
Authors: Amaral Diego Gama , Orsato Renato J.
Published: June 2022

Food loss and waste have generated environmental and social impacts around the world. One way to address this problem is to make the food supply chain more efficient through novel solutions to food distribution. A new sustainable business model called “digital business platforms for food waste reduction” is emerging to simplify the transaction and donation of food close to the expiration date, preventing its disposal and incineration. Based on multiple case studies, this research sought to answer: How do business users perceive value of digital platforms for food waste reduction? The results demonstrated that the success of a sustainable business model innovation needs to consider the user perception of value. The study reveals new sources of economic and strategic benefits and sacrifices that influence the users' adherence to digital platforms.
Development and validation of a nomogram to assess postoperative venous thromboembolism risk in patients with stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cai Yongsheng , Dong Honghong , Li Xinyang , Liu Yi , Hu Bin , Li Hui , Miao Jinbai , Chen Qirui
Published: June 2022

Background

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common postoperative complication in patients with lung cancer that seriously affects prognosis and quality of life. At present, the detection rate of patients with early‐stage lung cancer is increasing, but there are few studies on the risk factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with stage IA non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to establish a nomogram for predicting the probability of postoperative VTE risk in patients with stage IA NSCLC.

Methods

The clinical data of 452 patients with stage IA NSCLC from January 2017 to January 2022 in our center were retrospectively analyzed and randomly divided into a training set and a validation set at a ratio of 7:3. Independent risk factors were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, and a nomogram was established based on the results and internally validated. The predictive power of the nomogram was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

The nomogram prediction model included three risk factors: age, preoperative D‐dimer, and intermuscular vein dilatation. The areas under the ROC curve of this predictive model were 0.832 (95% CI: 0.732–0.924) and 0.791 (95% CI: 0.668–0.930) in the training and validation sets, respectively, showing good discriminative power. In addition, the probability of postoperative VTE occurrence predicted by the nomogram was consistent with the actual occurrence probability. In the decision curve, the nomogram model had a better net clinical benefit at a threshold probability of 5%–90%.

Conclusion

This study is the first to develop a nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative VTE in patients with stage IA NSCLC; this nomogram can accurately and intuitively evaluate the probability of VTE in these patients and help clinicians make decisions on prevention and treatment.
Target‐based virtual screening, computational multiscoring docking and molecular dynamics simulation of small molecules as promising drug candidate affecting kinesin‐like protein KIFC1
Authors: Khan Mohammad Kalim Ahmad , Ahmad Saheem , Rabbani Gulam , Shahab Uzma , Khan Mohd Shahnawaz
Published: June 2022

The kinesin family member C1 (KIFC1) is an essential protein that facilitates the bipolar division of neoplastic cells. Inhibiting KIFC1 by small molecules is a lucrative strategy to impede bipolar mitosis leading to the apoptosis of cancerous cells. The research aims to envisage small‐molecule inhibitors targeting KIFC1. The Mcule database, a comprehensive online digital platform containing more than five million chemical compounds, was used for structure‐based virtual screening (SBVS). Druglikeness filtration sifted 2,293,282 chemical hits that further narrowed down to 49 molecules after toxicity profiling. Finally, 39 compounds that comply with the BOILED‐Egg permeation predictive model of the ADME rules were carried forward for multiscoring docking using the AutoDock Vina inbuilt to Mcule drug discovery platform, DockThor and SwissDock tools. The mean of ΔGterms produced by docking tools was computed to find consensus top ligand hits. AZ82 exhibited stronger binding (Consensus ΔG: −7.99 kcal mol−1) with KIFC1 among reference inhibitors, for example, CW069 (−7.57 kcal mol−1) and SR31527 (−7.01 kcal mol−1). Ten ligand hits namely, Mcule‐4895338547 (Consensus ΔG: −8.69 kcal mol−1), Mcule‐7035674888 (−8.42 kcal mol−1), Mcule‐5531166845 (−8.53 kcal mol−1), Mcule‐3248415882 (−8.55 kcal mol−1), Mcule‐291881733 (−8.41 kcal mol−1), Mcule‐5918624394 (−8.44), Mcule‐3470115427 (−8.47), Mcule‐3686193135 (−8.18 kcal mol−1), Mcule‐3955355291 (8.09 kcal mol−1) and Mcule‐9534899193 (−8.01 kcal mol−1) depicted strong binding interactions with KIFC1 in comparison to potential reference inhibitor AZ82. The top four ligands and AZ82 were considered for molecular dynamics simulation of 50 ns duration. Toxicity profiling, physicochemical properties, lipophilicity, solubility, pharmacokinetics, druglikeness, medicinal chemistry attributes, average potential energy, RMSD, RMSF, SASA, ΔGsolv and Rg analyses forecast the ligand mcule‐4895338547 as a promising inhibitor of KIFC1.
Synergistic effects of BAY606583 on docetaxel in esophageal cancer through modulation of ERK1/2
Authors: Mohammadi Zinab , Asadi Jahanbakhsh , Jafari Seyyed Mehdi
Published: June 2022

Docetaxel (DTX) is a taxane chemotherapy agent used to treat many types of cancers, including esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Adenosine is a purinergic signaling molecule that contributes to cancer cell proliferation via A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) activation. Extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (ERK) plays a crucial role in cell proliferation in various types of cancers. Stimulation of A2BAR involves a regulated ERK signaling pathway, and might provide a fascinating approach for treatment, leading to decreased proliferation in certain tumors that express A2BAR. Recent studies demonstrated that DTX and A2BAR have anticancer effects. The current study was designed to investigate the synergistic effect of the A2BAR agonist (BAY606583) on DTX in inducing antiproliferation effects on esophageal squamous cells carcinoma (ESCCs). The cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay in KYSE‐30 and Ym‐1 cells. In addition, the synergistic effect of DTX on the A2BAR agonist was evaluated. Subsequently, apoptosis was assessed by Annexin‐V and propidium iodide staining, and Bcl‐2, Bax, and ERK1/2 protein‐level expressions were evaluated by Western blot. Use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of DTX and BAY606583 significantly decreased cell proliferation in KYSE‐30 and Ym‐1 cell lines. The use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of DTX with the A2BAR agonist induced apoptosis in KYSE‐30 and Ym‐1 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the use of the A2BAR agonist and cotreatment of DTX with the A2BAR agonist inhibited the expression of apoptotic regulatory proteins as well as the expression of ERK1/2 proteins. Our findings suggested that use of BAY606583 and cotreatment of BAY606583/DTX have an antiproliferative effect on ESCC cell lines through ERK signaling pathway inhibition. BAY606583 has a synergistic effect on DTX, which could be used as an adjuvant for esophageal cancer therapy.
Repurposing a DNA‐Repair Enzyme for Targeted Protein Degradation
Authors: Fredlender Callie , Levine Samantha , Zimak Jan , Spitale Robert C.
Published: June 2022

Herein we present the exploration of the utility of DNA demethylase enzymes for targeted protein degradation. Novel benzylguanine substrates are characterized for their ability to control protein degradation in cells. Our data demonstrate the utility of this approach to degrade fusion proteins in different localizations within living cells.
A perforated sigmoid colon cancer initially diagnosed as a tubo‐ovarian abscess: A teaching case
Authors: Maleki Asieh , Layegh Parvaneh , Seddighian Seyedeh Hoda , Khosravi Maedeh , Ariamanesh Mona , Dehghani Mansoureh
Published: June 2022

Given the wide range of differential diagnoses for adnexal masses, the key issue is the correct assessment of the initial location to rule out malignant or emergency cases. Here, we report a case of perforated sigmoid colon cancer initially diagnosed as a tubo‐ovarian abscess.
Preferred orientation in polycrystalline colossal electroresistive hollandite PbFexV6‐xO11
Authors: Halder Shuvajit , Ray Sugata
Published: June 2022

Preferred orientation in polycrystalline materials is one of the most challenging problems for structural analysis. Significant preferred orientation can severely affect the structure‐property analysis of the systems having substantial crystallographic anisotropy. Here, an extremely high degree of preferred orientation has been demonstrated in R‐block hollandite hexagonal PbFexV6−xO11 compounds, which has recently been shown to exhibit an unusual colossal electroresistance response that has a strong dependence on structural modifications. The present results warn against possible errors in understanding the evolution of the crystal structure of these hollandites, which might adversely affect the estimation of the influence of the same on their spectacular physical properties.
Bioinspired Photocatalytic NADH Regeneration by Covalently Metalated Carbon Nitride for Enhanced CO2 Reduction
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Jian
Published: June 2022

Natural photosynthesis is a highly unified biocatalytic system, which coupled cofactor (NAD(P)H) regeneration and enzymatic CO2 reduction efficiently for solar energy conversion. Mimicking nature, a novel system with Rh complex covalently grafted onto NH2‐functionalized polymeric carbon nitride (NH2‐PCN) was constructed. The integrated connection of the light‐harvesting and electron mediation modules as Rhm3‐N‐PCN could promote the efficient NAD+ reduction to NADH. As a result, the integrated system exhibited a conversion of ∼66 % within 20 minutes. By further coupling in situ generated NADH with formate dehydrogenase (FDH), a photoenzymatic production of formic acid (HCOOH) from CO2 was accomplished. Moreover, by immobilizing FDH onto a hydrophobic membrane, an enhanced HCOOH production of ∼5.0 mM can be obtained due to the concentrated CO2 on the gas‐liquid‐solid three‐phase interface. Our work herein provides an integrated strategy for coupling the anchored electron mediator with immobilized enzyme for enhanced artificial photosynthesis.
Relevance of Palladium to Radiopharmaceutical Development Considering Enhanced Coordination Properties of TE1PA
Authors: Pineau Julie , Lima Luís M. P. , Platas‐Iglesias Carlos , Zeevaart Jan Rijn , Driver Cathryn H. S. , Le Bris Nathalie , Tripier Raphaël
Published: June 2022

Invited for the cover of this issue are the group of Raphaël Tripier and Nathalie Le Bris at the University of Brest (UMR CNRS 6521 CEMCA; France), Cathryn H. S. Driver from the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation in Pretoria (South Africa), and their collaborators. The image depicts the beginning of a new area of research into palladium and complexation of its radioisotopes for applications in nuclear medicine. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202200942.
Variable Learning‐Memory Behavior from π‐Conjugated Ligand to Ligand‐Containing Cobalt(II) Complex†
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Chen Mohan , Wang Guan , Teng Ming , Ling Songtao , Wang Yanan , Su Zhaojun , Gao Kun , Yang Xinbo , Ma Chunlan , Li Yang , Zhang Qichun
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

In the information‐explosion era, developing novel algorithms and memristive devices has become a promising concept for next‐generation capacity enlargement technology. Organic small molecule‐based devices displaying superior learning‐memory performance have attracted much attention, except for the existence of poor heat‐resilience and mediocre conductivity. In this paper, a strategy of transforming an organic‐type data‐storage material to metal complex is proposed to resolve these intrinsic issues. A pristine NDI‐derivative (NIPy) and its corresponding Co(II) complex (CoNIPy) are synthesized for the purpose of electrical property investigation. CoNIPy complex‐based memristive device exhibits superior ternary WORM memory performance compared with the binary behavior of NIPy, including >104 s of reading, lower threshold voltage (Vth), 1: 102: 105 of OFF/ON1/ON2 current ratio, and long‐term stability in heating environment. The variable learning‐memory behavior can be attributed to the enhanced ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) and improved redox activity after the introduction of central metal atom and coordination bond. These studies on material innovation and optimal performance are of great importance not only for environmentally‐robust memristive devices but also for practical application of a host of organic electronic devices.
Fused deep learning based Facial Expression Recognition of students in online learning mode
Authors: Sumalakshmi Chundakath House , Vasuki Perumal
Published: June 2022

In this research work, Facial Expression Recognition (FER) is used in the analysis of facial expressions during the online learning sessions in the prevailing pandemic situation. An integrated geometric and appearance feature extraction is presented for the FER of the students participating in the online classes. The integrated features provided a low‐dimensional significant feature area for better facial data representation. Feasible Weighted Squirrel Search Optimization (FW‐SSO) algorithm is applied for selecting the optimal features due to its efficient exploration of the search space and enhancement of the dynamic search. The output of the FW‐SSO algorithm is used for tuning the autoencoder. Autoencoder is used for combining the G&A features, for feature optimization process. Classification is done by using Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) network with Attention Mechanism (ALSTM), as it is highly efficient in capturing the long‐term dependency of the facial landmarks in the image/video sequences. The proposed fused deep learning method focuses on the fusion of the G&A features for high discrimination. Experimental analysis using FER‐2013 and LIRIS datasets demonstrated that the proposed method achieved maximum accuracy of 85.96% than the existing architectures and maximum accuracy of 88.24% than the VGGNet‐CNN architecture.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of SEPIC‐based DC–DC converters with two‐winding and three‐winding coupled inductors
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohsen , Ajami Ali , Babaei Ebrahim , Soleimanifard Javad
Published: June 2022

In this paper, an SEPIC‐based direct current–direct current (DC–DC) converter with high voltage gain and continuous input current is provided. Input current Continuity is a great advantage for renewable resources applications, and a small filter can be used in the output of these sources. Also in this paper, the effect of coupled inductor in three‐winding structure is discussed compared to the two‐winding coupled inductor. Precise analysis of converters based on two‐winding and three‐winding coupling inductors requires that the structures be similar so that the evaluation can be performed correctly. A comparison is performed between the two‐winding coupled inductor‐based converter and the improved converter to show the advantages of the proposed converter. All elements of the converter have been compared, and since both converters are different in terms of coupled inductor, complete analyses have been done in the field of calculating inductors. In addition to the features of the two‐winding coupled inductor converter, the proposed converter requires smaller coupled inductor to decrease the core size and increase the converter efficiency.
LncRNA LOC105378097 inhibits cardiac mitophagy in natural ageing mice
Authors: Liu Xin , Bai Xue , Liu Heng , Hong Yang , Cui Hao , Wang Lei , Xu Wanqing , Zhao Limin , Li Xiaohan , Li Huimin , Li Xia , Chen Hui , Meng Ziyu , Lou Han , Xu Henghui , Lin Yuan , Du Zhimin , Kopylov Philipp , Yang Baofeng , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2022

Background

The development of heart ageing is the main cause of chronic disability, disease and death in the elderly. Ample evidence has established a pivotal role for significantly reduced mitophagy in the ageing heart. However, the underlying mechanisms of mitophagy deficiency in ageing heart are little known. The present study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA LOC105378097 (Senescence‐Mitophagy Associated LncRNA, lncR‐SMAL) actions on mitophagy in the setting of heart ageing.

Methods

The expression of lncR‐SMAL was measured in serum from different ages of human and heart from different ages of mice through a quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The effects of lncR‐SMAL on heart function of mice were assessed by echocardiography and pressure‐volume measurements system. Cardiac senescence was evaluated by hematoxylin‐eosin staining, senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase staining, flow cytometry and western blot analysis of expression of ageing related markes p53 and p21. Cardiomyocyte mitophagy was assessed by western blot, mRFP‐GFP‐LC3 adenovirus particles transfection and mito‐Keima staining. Interaction between lncR‐SMAL and Parkin was validated through molecular docking, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull‐down assay. Ubiquitination assay was performed to explore the molecular mechanism of Parkin inhibition. The effects of lncR‐SMAL on mitochondrial function were investigated through electron microscopic examination, JC‐1 staining and oxygen consumption rates analysis.

Results

The heart‐enriched lncR‐SMAL reached the expression crest in the serum of human at an age of 60. Exogenously overexpression of lncRNA SMAL deteriorated cardiac function exactly as natural ageing and inhibited the associated cardiomyocytes mitophagy by depressing Parkin protein level. Improved heart ageing and mitophagy caused by Parkin overexpression were reversed by lncR‐SMAL in mice. In contrast, the loss of lncR‐SMAL in AC16 cells induced the upregulation of Parkin protein and ameliorated mitophagy and mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in alleviated cardiac senescence. Besides, we found the interaction between lncR‐SMAL and Parkin protein through computational docking analysis, pull‐down and RIP assay. This would contribute to the promotive effect of lncR‐SMAL on Parkin ubiquitination and decrease Parkin protein stability.

Conclusions

The present study for the first time demonstrates a heart‐enriched lncRNA, SMAL, that inhibits the mitophagy of cardiomyocytes via the downregulation of Parkin protein, which further contributes to heart ageing and cardiac dysfunction in natural ageing mice.
Anion and Light Responsive Molecular Switches Based on Stilbene‐Appended Ru(II) Terpyridyl‐Imidazole Complexes That Mimic Advanced Boolean and Fuzzy Logic Operations
Authors: Pal Poulami , Sahoo Anik , Paul Animesh , Baitalik Sujoy
Published: June 2022

Ru(II) complexes comprising of a stilbene appended terpyridine motif and a pyridyl‐bis‐benzimidazole unit were utilized to mimic multiple Boolean and Fuzzy logic operations. Two imidazole NH motifs in the outer sphere of the complexes can lead to substantial variation of their spectral characteristics upon interaction with anions. We previously demonstrated that reversible trans‐cis isomerization of the complexes upon UV light irradiation gives rise to substantial alteration in their absorption and emission spectral profiles. Here, the major objective is to mimic multiple Boolean logic operations (NOR and IMPLICATION gates) as well as complicated functions of key‐pad lock, half‐subtractor and traffic signal by using the spectral responses of the complexes upon the action of light, acid and a set of anionic inputs. Fuzzy logic is also implemented to fabricate an infinite‐valued logic system based on their spectral outputs upon the action of multiple inputs.
Enhanced Nitrite Electrovalorization to Ammonia by a NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide
Authors: Wang Wanying , Tse Edmund C. M.
Published: June 2022

The development of non‐precious metal (NPM) electrocatalysts for efficient nitrite‐to‐ammonia upcycling is key to enabling a sustainable society. Here, an earth‐abundant NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) is prepared to electrochemically reduce nitrite with a Faradaic efficiency as high as 85 %, an ammonia selectivity reaching 98 %, and an ammonia yield rate up to 351 μmol h−1 mgcat−1, rivaling the performance metrics of state‐of‐the‐art NPM catalysts. NiFe LDH further displays excellent stability after 10 consecutive electrolysis runs with its nanostructure unperturbed. By conducting electroreduction of nitrite in a range of solutions, the electrolyte identity is found to play an important role in dictating the overall nitrite removal activity. Through a comparative study with MgFe and NiAl inorganic solids, Ni and Fe are demonstrated to boost nitrite valorization rate as well as ammonia selectivity and yield in a synergistic manner. Taken together, these low‐cost catalysts provide a promising strategy for one‐step conversion of nitrite into ammonia exclusively with implications in next‐generation wastewater treatment and green industrial commodity production.
Asymmetric Reduction of α,α‐Dichloro‐β‐Keto Esters by NADPH‐Dependent Ketoreductases
Authors: Giannopoulos Vasileios , Smonou Ioulia
Published: June 2022

An enzymatic approach for the asymmetric reduction of α,α‐dichloro‐β‐keto esters has been developed. With this highly efficient enzymatic method several enantiomerically pure (S)‐α,α‐dichloro‐β‐hydroxy esters have been synthesized. These valuable chiral intermediates were produced in optically pure form (>99 % ee, >99 % conversion) by NADPH‐dependent ketoreductase catalyzed reactions in a single synthetic step.
Synthesis of Hexaazatruxenes by Consecutive N−H/C−H Coupling Using a Hypervalent Iodine Reagent and Evaluation of Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Wu Yuchen , Sasayama Takuma , Gotoh Takahiro , Ito Mamoru , Shibata Takanori
Published: June 2022

Truxene is a C3‐symmetric compound with characteristic photophysical properties, and it has great potential as a light‐emitting material and building block. In this study, we demonstrate the synthesis of hexaazatruxenes using a two‐step protocol. First, the hexaazatruxene precursors were prepared through the Buchwald‐Hartwig amination of 1,3,5‐tribromobenzene with commercially available or easily prepared amino‐pyridine derivatives. Then, hexaazatruxenes were synthesized through consecutive N−H/C−H coupling using a hypervalent iodine reagent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of truxenes containing more than three heteroatoms in the main skeleton.
Difluorocarbene‐Induced Ring Opening of Tetrahydrofuran with TMSCF2Br for Difluoromethoxybutylation of N‐Aryl‐N‐hydroxylamines
Authors: Zhu Xinjie , Wei Jun , Hu Chenxian , Xiao Qitao , Cai Lvtao , Wang Hao , Xie Yuanyuan , Sheng Rong
Published: June 2022

In this work, a novel difluorocarbene‐induced ring opening of THF with TMSCF2Br for difluoromethoxybutylation of N‐aryl‐N‐hydroxylamines under mild conditions is reported. The mechanism study revealed that THF was intermolecular activated by difluorocarbene, then the formed oxonium ylide was nucleophilic attacked by N‐aryl‐N‐hydroxylamines.
3D‐printed Electrochemical Sensor for Organophosphate Nerve Agents
Authors: Jyoti  , Redondo Edurne , Alduhaish Osamah , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2022

3D‐printing has revolutionized various industries and scientific research by its substantial benefits such as fast prototyping, high accuracy, durability, and customized shapes. Fused deposition modeling has been used in the fabrication of 3D‐printed nanocarbon electrodes. Utilization of these 3D‐printed nanocarbon electrodes in the identification of organophosphates (OPs) such as parathion, methyl parathion, paraoxon, and fenitrothion, has not been reported. These compounds are highly toxic and used as chemical warfare agents and pesticides. Herein, we show that 3D‐printing can be utilized for low‐cost and diagnosis of priority nerve agents.
Bioaccumulation, Detoxification, and Biological Macromolecular Damage of Benzo[a]pyrene in Exposure in Tissues and Subcellular Fractions of Scallop Chlamys farreri
Authors: Bi Yaqi , Chen Wei , Miao Jingjing , Pan Luqing , Li Dongyu
Published: June 2022

Because of the persistence and high toxicity of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), the bioaccumulation and detoxification mechanisms of B[a]P have been studied extensively at the tissue level; but the data at the subcellular level in bivalves have not been reported. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of B[a]P exposure on bioaccumulation, detoxification, and biomacromolecular damage in gills, digestive glands, and their subcellular fractions of the scallop Chlamys farreri. The subcellular fraction contains cytoplasm, mitochondria, microsome, nucleus, cell membrane, and overall organelle. The results demonstrated that B[a]P accumulation showed a clear time–dose effect. Based on the time-dependent accumulation of B[a]P in subcellular fractions, we speculated that the intracellular migration order of B[a]P was cell membrane, organelle, and nucleus in turn. Considering the difference of B[a]P accumulation may be related to B[a]P metabolism, we have further confirmed that the activities of B[a]P metabolizing enzymes in scallop tissues and subcellular fractions were significantly tempted by B[a]P (p < 0.05), including 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (increased), glutathione-S-transferase (GST; decreased), and superoxide dismutase (increased). First, GST was detected in bivalve cytoplasm and microsome. Second, B[a]P exposure also caused biomacromolecules damage. The results demonstrated that mitochondria and microsome were more vulnerable to lipid peroxidation than cell membrane and nucleus. Taken together, the present study fills some of the gaps in our knowledge of the bioaccumulation and detoxification mechanisms of C. farreri exposed to B[a]P in subcellular fractions and deeply explores the transportation and the main metabolic and damage sites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cells, which helped us to comprehensively understand the toxic mechanism of PAHs on bivalves. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:2353–2364. © 2022 SETAC

Abstract

Bioaccumulation, detoxification and biological macromolecular damages of B[a]P exposure in tissues and subcellular fractions of Chlamys farreri.
Numerical simulation of natural convection MHD flow in a wavy L‐shaped cavity with line heat source using hybrid EFGM/FEM
Authors: Jain Sapna , Bhargava Rama , Gupta Pratibha
Published: June 2022

In the current paper, the natural convection of power‐law nanofluid within a wavy l‐shaped cavity under the magnetic field has been simulated by a hybrid (EFGM/FEM) technique with parallel implementation. A line heat source with length Lhs and height Hhs is applied on the right vertical wall of the cavity. The cavity is filled with power‐law non‐Newtonian nanofluid. Parallel implementation with hybrid EFGM/FEM is used to solve the governing partial differential equations. Effect of Rayleigh number, Hartmann number, power‐law index, aspect ratio, nanoparticle volume fraction, location, and length of the heat source has been studied on the fluid flow, isotherms, and heat transfer. It is observed that the power‐law index, Hartmann number, and height of heat source have a decreasing effect on heat transfer rate while the Rayleigh number, length of heat source, and volume fraction of nanoparticle increases the heat transfer rate. Heat transfer rate improves by 51% and 73% with increasing the volume fraction of nanoparticles and Rayleigh number while heat transfer rate reduces by 28% with increasing the Hartmann number. The main application of such problems is found in the building corners, lubricating machines, and medical and electronic equipment (thermometer device and PCB). The hybrid method is one of the novel contributions of the author. Parallel implementation of the meshfree method (EFGM) is one of the novel features of this paper.
Longitudinal relations between maternal and adolescent emotion dysregulation and maternal autonomy support
Authors: Keskin Gizem , Branje Susan
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Maternal characteristics and mother–adolescent relationships are thought to affect the emotional development of adolescents. Adolescents can learn to regulate their emotions by observing their mothers, and this is further facilitated by maternal autonomy support. Therefore, this study longitudinally examined the associations among maternal emotion dysregulation, maternal autonomy support, and adolescent emotion dysregulation.

Method

Participants were 466 Dutch adolescents (54.51% males; Mage = 14.03, SD = 0.45) and 462 mothers (Mage = 45.49, SD = 4.47), who completed self‐reports of emotion dysregulation and maternal autonomy support for five consecutive years.

Results

Random Intercept‐Cross Lagged Panel Model analyses showed that at the between‐family level, maternal emotion dysregulation was correlated with adolescent emotion dysregulation, adolescent‐reported maternal autonomy support, and mother‐reported maternal autonomy support; and adolescent emotion dysregulation was correlated with adolescent‐reported maternal autonomy support. At the within‐family level, higher than usual maternal emotion dysregulation was positively related to adolescent emotion dysregulation at Time 1, yet, was negatively related to adolescent emotion dysregulation at other time points concurrently, and predicted lower adolescent emotion dysregulation in the next year. Also, higher than usual adolescent emotion dysregulation was related to lower adolescent‐reported maternal autonomy support both concurrently and the next year.

Conclusions

Both mothers and adolescents played an important role in adolescent emotional development. To promote adolescent emotional development, it is important to target both maternal emotion dysregulation to understand the development of adolescent emotion dysregulation, and adolescent emotion dysregulation to prevent mothers from providing less autonomy support to their adolescents.
Vegetative anatomy and endorrhizal fungal morphology of an endangered medicinal plant Gloriosa superba L.
Authors: Balachandar Mayakrishnan , Koshila Ravi Ravichandran , Muthukumar Thangavelu
Published: June 2022

Gloriosa superba L. is of great economic importance due to its high medicinal value. Nevertheless, there is a need to reexamine species delimitation in the Gloriosa taxa as most of the species have been synonymised as G. superba. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the vegetative anatomical traits of G. superba. The leaf, scale leaf, tendril, stem, tuber, and roots of G. superba were freehand sectioned and stained with various staining solutions to record the anatomical structures. The cellular dimensions of each plant part were measured. The present study revealed the presence of intercostal and costal regions in the leaf epidermis, anomocytic stomata on abaxial surface, uniseriate epidermis covered by cuticle, undifferentiated mesophyll, and a bundle sheath surrounding vascular bundles in a leaf. Unlike the leaf, the scale leaf contains air chambers in the mesophyll region and bundle sheath is absent. The tendril had uniseriate cuticularized epidermis followed by few layers of cells developing wall thickenings, and collateral vascular bundles. The mature stem is differentiated from the young stem by the presence of bi‐layered epidermis, the absence of stomata on the stem surface, and chlorenchymatous hypodermis. Air passage containing epidermis covered by thin cuticle is recorded in the stem. Starch grains are present in the tuber ground tissue. Velamen is reported for the first time in G. superba root. Scalariform perforation end plate present in root metaxylem. Roots of G. superba are colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal and dark septate endophytic fungi. Therefore, these anatomical traits could aid in the identification of G. superba.

Research Highlights

Anatomy of vegetative parts of Gloriosa superba was studied.

Air‐passage enveloped by uniseriate epidermis present in stem.

Bundle sheath surrounds vascular bundles of leaf and stem.

Cells of rhizome ground tissue contain abundant starch grains.

Velamen tissue is reported for the first time in roots.
Intramyocardial adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor‐D∆N∆C gene therapy does not induce ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Leikas Aleksi J. , Hassinen Iiro , Kivelä Antti , Hedman Antti , Mussalo Hanna , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo , Hartikainen Juha E. K.
Published: June 2022

Background

The phase I KAT301 trial investigated the use of intramyocardial adenoviral vascular endothelial growth factor‐DΔNΔC (AdVEGF‐D) gene therapy (GT) to alleviate symptoms in refractory angina (RA) patients. In KAT301, 30 patients with RA were randomized to AdVEGF‐D or the control group in 4:1 ratio. The treatment was found to be feasible, increasing myocardial perfusion and reducing angina symptoms at 1‐year follow‐up. However, there is some evidence suggesting that the intramyocardial delivery route and overexpression of (vascular endothelial growth) VEGFs might induce ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, we investigated whether intramyocardial AdVEGF‐D GT increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmias in patients treated for RA.

Methods

We analyzed non‐invasive risk predictors of ventricular arrhythmias from 12‐lead electrocardiography (ECG) as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and the incidence of arrhythmias from 24 h ambulatory ECG at baseline and 3 and 12 months after the GT. In addition, we analyzed the incidence of new‐onset arrhythmias and pacemaker implantations during 8.2 years (range 6.3–10.4 years) of follow‐up.

Results

We found no significant increase in arrhythmias, including supraventricular and ventricular ectopic beats, atrial fibrillation, non‐sustained ventricular tachycardias, and life‐threatening tachycardias, nor changes in the non‐invasive risk predictors of ventricular arrhythmias in the AdVEGF‐D treated patients. Instead, we found a significant improvement in the very low and high‐frequency bands of HRV suggestive of improved cardiac autonomic regulation after GT.

Conclusions

In conclusion, our results suggest that AdVEGF‐D GT does not predispose to arrhythmias and might improve HRV metrics.
Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis and asparaginase re‐exposure in patients aged 1–45 years with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: A NOPHO ALL2008 study
Authors: Skipper Mette Tiedemann , Rank Cecilie Utke , Jarvis Kirsten Brunsvig , Lynggaard Line Stensig , Andrés‐Jensen Liv , Quist‐Paulsen Petter , Semaskeviciene Ruta , Hallböök Helene , Waitiovaara‐Kautto Ulla , Ranta Susanna , Trakymiene Sonata , Abrahamsson Jonas , Huttunen Pasi , Albertsen Birgitte Klug , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Tuckuviene Ruta
Published: June 2022

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSVT) is a serious complication during asparaginase therapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). We identified 46 patients with CSVT among 2651 patients (1‒45 years) treated according to the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) ALL2008 protocol between 2008 and 2018. CSVT cases were prospectively registered in the NOPHO database with retrospective updates. We examined the frequency of asparaginase re‐exposure after CSVT, potential factors associated with asparaginase truncation, and sequelae after CSVT. This work was supported by the Danish Cancer Society and the Danish Childhood Cancer Foundation. The 2.5‐year cumulative incidence of CSVT was 1.9% (95% confidence interval 1.4%–2.5%). The majority of patients (74%, n = 31) were re‐exposed to asparaginase (with low‐molecular‐weight heparin coverage), one of whom had a second CSVT, without neurological sequelae. Patients re‐exposed to asparaginase were earlier in ALL treatment and lacked more asparaginase doses than non‐re‐exposed patients at CSVT diagnosis (median 50 vs. 81 days, p = 0.03; mean 11.2 vs. 8.4 asparaginase doses, p = 0.04). No other examined factors had an impact on asparaginase re‐exposure. At the last follow‐up (median 4.5 years after CSVT), 61% of patients had normal neurological status, and 57% had complete recanalisation of CSVT, with no significant difference between patients re‐exposed and non‐re‐exposed to asparaginase. Our results indicate that re‐exposure to asparaginase is safe after CSVT during anticoagulation.
Contribution of precipitation and temperature to multiscale drought variations over Asia: Dependence on the time scale
Authors: Zhang Jianmin , Wu Renguang , Jia Xiaojing , Zhang Yanting
Published: June 2022

Drought variations are determined by precipitation and temperature changes. The present study examines the relative contributions of precipitation and temperature to temporal variations of short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term droughts over Asia. This is accomplished by comparing (a) the variations of Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) that extend over 3, 9 and 24 months (i.e., short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term droughts, respectively) and (b) the strength of the relationship of SPEI to precipitation and temperature. Both precipitation and temperature contribute to variations of the north–south dipole pattern of short‐term and medium‐term droughts with a relatively larger contribution from temperature. The contribution of precipitation and temperature to the variations of long‐term drought depends upon the spatial pattern. The variation of the north–south dipole pattern of long‐term drought is mainly contributed by the temperature trend with additional contribution of precipitation in eastern and southwestern Asia. The variation of the southwest–northeast tripole pattern of long‐term drought is mainly contributed by precipitation in central Asia and has a comparable contribution of precipitation and temperature in southern and eastern Asia. The tripole pattern and dipole pattern of long‐term drought have a closer relation to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), respectively. The PDO effect on long‐term drought variation is mainly through modulating precipitation.
Patient‐reported outcomes of palatal donor site healing using four different wound dressing modalities following free epithelialized mucosal grafts: A four‐arm randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Basma Hussein S. , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Abou‐Arraj Ramzi V. , Imbrogno Matthew , Ravida Andrea , Wang Hom‐Lay , Li Peng , Geurs Nicolaas
Published: June 2022

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different commonly used wound dressings in improving patient reported outcomes (PROMS) after free epithelialized mucosal grafts (FEGs) harvesting.

Methods

Following 72 FEGs harvesting from 72 patients, patients were assigned into four groups. Control: collagen plug + sutures (CPS); test: collagen plug with cyano‐acrylate (CPC), platelet rich fibrin (PRF) + sutures, or palatal stent only (PS). Patients were observed for 14 days, with evaluation of pain level utilizing the visual analog scale, number of analgesics consumed, need for additional analgesics, amount of swelling, amount of bleeding, activity tolerance, and willingness for retreatment.

Results

Compared to the control group all test groups indicated significant lower pain perception (P < 0.0001), lower analgesic consumption (P < 0.0001), and higher willingness for retreatment (P < 0.0001), while no statistically significant differences among test groups were observed. There were no statistically significant differences in amount of day‐by‐day swelling, bleeding, and activity tolerance among four groups. Compared to other groups, the PS had the lowest overall pain scores (over the 14‐day period). Palatal thickness, graft length, graft width, and graft thickness did not appear to affect patient morbidity (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

All interventions significantly decreased pain perception compared to a hemostatic collagen sponge alone over the palatal donor site after FEG surgery. In the first few days after surgery, the use of a palatal stent seemed to be associated with less overall pain, pain pills consumed, and higher willingness of doing the same procedure again.
Root and root‐derived biopore interactions in soils: A review
Authors: Xiong Peng , Zhang Zhongbin , Peng Xinhua
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the investigation of root–biopore interactions has been reported in many studies, particularly with the application of X‐ray computed tomography (CT). To clarify our understanding of root–biopore interactions, we reviewed the effects of plant roots on soil structure and the biopore effects on plant growth and uptake of nutrients and water. Plant roots can penetrate the soil matrix and form biopores after decay. The biopores are cylindrical, continuous, and stable and facilitate the transport of air and water. The soil around biopores also affects plant growth by its rich nutrients; hence, the concept of a biopore sheath is proposed to indicate the soil affected by the roots and resulting biopores. The behavior of roots encountering biopores is impacted by soil strength, oxygen concentration, biopore characteristics, and crop species. The biopores provide many channels with the least mechanical resistance for crop roots to enter the subsoil, improving the absorption of water and nutrients by crops. However, the effect of biopores on crop growth depends on biopore size. The smaller biopores (<2 mm) promoted plant growth, but the larger biopores did not (≥2 mm), which was mainly related to the degree of contact between root and soil in biopores. However, quantification of root–biopore wall contact is difficult due to the low resolution of CT images, which limits the understanding of the effects of biopore characteristics on plant growth and nutrient uptake. Therefore, determining the contact area between roots and soil in the biopores and revealing the contribution of biopore characteristics to water and nutrient uptake are important to give full play to the functions of biopores in sustainable agriculture.
Transitioning global change experiments on Southern Ocean phytoplankton from lab to field settings: Insights and challenges
Authors: Boyd Philip W. , Doney Scott C. , Eggins Sam , Ellwood Michael J. , Fourquez Marion , Nunn Brook L. , Strzepek Robert , Timmins‐Schiffman Emma
Published: June 2022

The influence of global change on Southern Ocean productivity will have major ramifications for future management of polar life. A prior laboratory study investigated the response of a batch‐cultured subantarctic diatom to projected change simulating conditions for 2100 (increased temperature/CO2/irradiance/iron; decreased macronutrients), showed a twofold higher chlorophyll‐derived growth rate driven mainly by temperature and iron. We translated this design to the field to understand the phytoplankton community response, within a subantarctic foodweb, to 2100 conditions. A 7‐d shipboard study utilizing 250‐liter mesocosms was conducted in March 2016. The outcome mirrors lab‐culture experiments, yielding twofold higher chlorophyll in the 2100 treatment relative to the control. This trend was also evident for intrinsic metrics including nutrient depletion. Unlike the lab‐culture study, photosynthetic competence revealed a transient effect in the 2100 mesocosm, peaking on day 3 then declining. Metaproteomics revealed significant differences in protein profiles between treatments by day 7. The control proteome was enriched for photosynthetic processes (c.f. 2100) and exhibited iron‐limitation signatures; the 2100 proteome exposed a shift in cellular energy production. Our findings of enhanced phytoplankton growth are comparable to model simulations, but underlying mechanisms (temperature, iron, and/or light) differ between experiments and models. Batch‐culture approaches hinder cross‐comparison of mesocosm findings to model simulations (the latter are akin to “continuous‐culture chemostats”). However, chemostat techniques are problematic to use with mesocosms, as mesozooplankton will evade seawater flow‐through, thereby accumulating. Thus, laboratory, field, and modeling approaches reveal challenges to be addressed to better understand how global change will alter Southern Ocean productivity.
Graft aberrant hepatic arteries in deceased donor liver transplantation: The “one liver, one artery” approach
Authors: Pravisani Riccardo , Sepulveda Ailton , Cocchi Lorenzo , de Mello Estrella , Cauchy Francois , Dokmak Safi , Farges Olivier , Durand Francois , Weiss Emmanuel , Dondero Federica , Lesurtel Mickaël
Published: June 2022

In liver transplantation (LT), graft aberrant hepatic arteries (aHAs) frequently require complex arterial reconstructions, potentially increasing the risk of post‐operative complications. However, intrahepatic hilar arterial shunts are physiologically present and may allow selective aHA ligation. Thus, we performed a retrospective study from a single‐center cohort of 618 deceased donor LTs where a selective reconstruction policy of aHAs was prospectively applied. In the presence of any aHA, the vessel with the largest caliber was first reconstructed. In case of adequate bilobar arterial perfusion assessed on intraparenchymal Doppler ultrasound, the remnant vessel was ligated; otherwise, it was reconstructed. Consequently, outcomes of three patient groups were compared: the “no aHAs” group (n = 499), the “reconstructed aHA” group (n = 25), and the “ligated aHA” group (n = 94). Primary endpoint was rate of biliary complications. Only 38.4% of right aHAs and 3.1% of left aHAs were reconstructed. Rates of biliary complications in the no aHA, reconstructed aHA, and ligated aHA groups were 23.4%, 28%, and 20.2% (p = 0.667), respectively. The prevalence rates of primary non‐function (p = 0.534), early allograft dysfunction (p = 0.832), and arterial complications (p = 0.271), as well as patient survival (p = 0.266) were comparable among the three groups. Retransplantation rates were 3.8%, 4%, and 5.3% (p = 0.685), respectively. In conclusion, a selective reconstruction policy of aHAs based on Doppler assessment of bilobar intraparenchymal arterial flow did not increase post‐operative morbidity and avoided unnecessary and complex arterial reconstructions.