bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Architecture of Ischaemic Strokes after COVID-19 Shows Similarities with Large Vessel Strokes
Authors: Llucià-Carol Laia , Muiño Elena , Cullell Natalia , Cárcel-Márquez Jara , Lledós Miquel , Gallego-Fabrega Cristina , Martin-Campos Jesús , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Aguilera-Simón Ana , Planas Anna M. , DeDiego Marta L. , de Felipe Mimbrera Alicia , Masjuan Jaime , García-Madrona Sebastián , Segura Tomás , González-Villar Esther , Serrano-Heras Gemma , Domínguez Mayoral Ana , Menéndez-Valladares Paloma , Montaner Joan , Migeotte Isabelle , Rahmouni Souad , Darcis Gilles , Bernardo David , Rojo Silvia , Schulte Eva C. , Protzer Ulrike , Fricke Lisa , Winter Christof , Niemi Mari E. K. , Cordioli Mattia , Delgado Pilar , Fernández-Cadenas Israel
Published: August 2023

We aimed to analyse whether patients with ischaemic stroke (IS) occurring within eight days after the onset of COVID-19 (IS-COV) are associated with a specific aetiology of IS. We used SUPERGNOVA to identify genome regions that correlate between the IS-COV cohort (73 IS-COV cases vs. 701 population controls) and different aetiological subtypes. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for each subtype were generated and tested in the IS-COV cohort using PRSice-2 and PLINK to find genetic associations. Both analyses used the IS-COV cohort and GWAS from MEGASTROKE (67,162 stroke patients vs. 454,450 population controls), GIGASTROKE (110,182 vs. 1,503,898), and the NINDS Stroke Genetics Network (16,851 vs. 32,473). Three genomic regions were associated (p-value < 0.05) with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolic stroke (CES). We found four loci targeting the genes PITX2 (rs10033464, IS-COV beta = 0.04, p-value = 2.3 × 10−2, se = 0.02), previously associated with CES, HS6ST1 (rs4662630, IS-COV beta = −0.04, p-value = 1.3 × 10−3, se = 0.01), TMEM132E (rs12941838 IS-COV beta = 0.05, p-value = 3.6 × 10−4, se = 0.01), and RFFL (rs797989 IS-COV beta = 0.03, p-value = 1.0 × 10−2, se = 0.01). A statistically significant PRS was observed for LAA. Our results suggest that IS-COV cases are genetically similar to LAA and CES subtypes. Larger cohorts are needed to assess if the genetic factors in IS-COV cases are shared with the general population or specific to viral infection.
Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the bHLH Transcription Factor Family in Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox)
Authors: Kamran Hafiz Muhammad , Fu Xuemei , Wang Huabo , Yang Nan , Chen Longqing
Published: August 2023

Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Link, Calycanthaceae) is an esteemed ornamental flowering shrub known for its distinct blooming period in winter, vibrant color petals, and captivating floral fragrance. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) play pivotal roles as key regulators in secondary metabolites biosynthesis, growth, and development in plants. However, the systematic analysis of the bHLH family members and their role in the regulation of floral traits in Wintersweet remains insufficiently understood. To bridge this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the C. praecox bHLH (CpbHLH) gene family, identifying a total of 131 CpbHLH genes across 11 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis classified these CpbHLH genes into 23 subfamilies, wherein most members within the same subfamily exhibited analogous intron/exon patterns and motif composition. Moreover, the expansion of the CpbHLH gene family was primarily driven by segmental duplication, with duplicated gene pairs experiencing purifying selection during evolution. Transcriptomic analysis revealed diverse expression patterns of CpbHLH genes in various tissues and distinct stages of Wintersweet flower development, thereby suggesting their involvement in a diverse array of physiological processes. Furthermore, yeast 2-hybrid assay demonstrated interaction between CpbHLH25 and CpbHLH59 (regulators of floral scent and color) as well as with CpbHLH112 and CpMYB2, suggesting potential coordinately regulation of secondary metabolites biosynthesis in Wintersweet flowers. Collectively, our comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the structural attributes, evolutionary dynamics, and expression profiles of the CpbHLH gene family, laying a solid foundation for further explorations of the multifaceted physiological and molecular roles of bHLH TFs in Wintersweet.
Chlorin E6-Curcumin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy Promotes an Anti-Photoaging Effect in UVB-Irradiated Fibroblasts
Authors: Thapa Magar Til Bahadur , Mallik Shyam Kumar , Gurung Pallavi , Lim Junmo , Kim Young-Tak , Shrestha Rajeev , Kim Yong-Wan
Published: August 2023

Skin photoaging due to ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that increase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP). Chlorin e6-photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT), in addition to being the first-line treatment for malignancies, has been shown to lessen skin photoaging, while curcumin is well known for reducing the deleterious effects of ROS. In the current study, PDT with three novel Ce6-curcumin derivatives, a combination of Ce6 and curcumin with various linkers, including propane-1,3-diamine for Ce6-propane-curcumin; hexane-1,6-diamine for Ce6-hexane-curcumin; and 3,3′-((oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))bis(oxy))bis(propan-1-amine) for Ce6-dipolyethylene glycol (diPEG)-curcumin, were studied for regulation of UVB-induced photoaging on human skin fibroblast (Hs68) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (BALB/c 3T3) cells. We assessed the antiphotoaging effects of Ce6-curcumin derivatives on cell viability, antioxidant activity, the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and 2 (MMP-2) expression, and collagen synthesis in UVB-irradiated in vitro models. All three Ce6-curcumin derivatives were found to be non-phototoxic in the neutral red uptake phototoxicity test. We found that Ce6-hexane-curcumin-PDT and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT exhibited less cytotoxicity in Hs68 and BALB/c 3T3 fibroblast cell lines compared to Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT. Ce6-diPEG-curcumin and Ce6-propane-curcumin-associated PDT showed superior antioxidant activity in Hs68 cell lines. Further, in UVB-irradiated in vitro models, the Ce6-diPEG-curcumin-PDT greatly attenuated the expression levels of MMP-1 and MMP-2 by blocking mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), activator protein 1 (AP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (NF-κB) signaling. Moreover, Ce6-diPEG-curcumin effectively inhibited inflammatory molecules, such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, while accelerating collagen synthesis. These results demonstrate that Ce6-diPEG-curcumin may be a potential therapy for treating skin photoaging.
Effect of Liver Fibrosis on Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Japanese General Population Determined by Evaluating the FibroScan–Aspartate Aminotransferase Score
Authors: Sato Satoshi , Iino Chikara , Chinda Daisuke , Sasada Takafumi , Tateda Tetsuyuki , Kaizuka Masatoshi , Nomiya Hiroki , Igarashi Go , Sawada Kaori , Mikami Tatsuya , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Sakuraba Hirotake , Fukuda Shinsaku
Published: August 2023

The association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota has been studied before. However, epidemiological studies in the general population are limited owing to the difficulty of noninvasive liver-fibrosis assessment. FibroScan–asparate aminotransferase (FAST) scores can be used to accurately and non-invasively evaluate liver fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the association between liver fibrosis and oral or gut microbiota using the FAST score in the general population. After propensity score matching of 1059 participants based on sex, age, body mass index, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglyceride levels, 125 (non-liver-fibrosis group, 100; liver fibrosis group, 25) were included. The diversity of gut microbiota differed significantly between the two groups; however, no significant differences were noted in their oral microbiota. The liver fibrosis group showed an increase in the relative abundance of Fusobacteria strains and a decrease in the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, with the presence of Fusicatenibacter in the gut microbiota. Feacalibacterium was not identified as an independent factor of liver fibrosis in adjusting the fatty liver index. In the general population, gut microbiota may be more involved in liver fibrosis than oral microbiota.
Review of the Genus Sciara Meigen, 1803 (Diptera, Sciaridae) in Ukraine
Authors: Babytskiy Andriy , Pavliuk Serhii , Bezsmertna Olesia
Published: August 2023

On the territory of Ukraine during the field seasons 2015–2022, we collected eight Sciara species—S. analis Schiner, 1864, S. flavimana Zetterstedt, 1851, S. hebes (Loew, 1869), S. helvola Winnertz, 1867, S. hemerobioides (Scopoli, 1763), S. humeralis Zetterstedt, 1851, S. incerta Winnertz, 1867 and S. ruficauda Meigen, 1818. All specimens are kept in the collections of the Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine (SIZK). According to the results of our research, the four species S. flavimana, S. hebes, S. helvola and S. incerta are being registered for the first time in Ukraine. New localities are given for S. analis, S. hemerobioides, S. humeralis and S. ruficauda. The distribution, morphological peculiarities, ecology and phenology of registered species are also briefly discussed. A key to 12 European Sciara species is given.
Acaricidal Toxicity of Four Essential Oils, Their Predominant Constituents, Their Mixtures against Varroa Mite, and Their Selectivity to Honey Bees (Apis cerana and A. mellifera)
Authors: Begna Tekalign , Ulziibayar Delgermaa , Bisrat Daniel , Jung Chuleui
Published: August 2023

The honey bee (Apis mellifera) faces a significant threat from Varroa destructor, causing the losses of millions of colonies worldwide. While synthetic acaricides are widely used to control Varroa infestations, excessive application has led to resistant strains and poses side effects on the host. Consequently, there is an urgent need for a new acaricide that is both effective and affordable, yet safe to use on bees. One potential source of these acaricides is essential oils (EOs) and their constituents. This study evaluated the acaricidal properties of four essential oils (Eucalyptus globulus, Rosemary officinalis, Trachyspermum ammi (Ethiopian and Indian varieties), their constituents and mixture of constituents against V. destructor through the complete exposure method. Our finding showed that a 1:1 mixture of thymol and carvacrol (4 h-LC50 = 42 μg/mL), thymol (4 h-LC50 = 71 μg/mL), and T. ammi oil (4 h-LC50 = 81–98 μg/mL) were the most toxic test samples against V. destructor. Honey bee behavior and selectivity were also assessed with one additional EO Thymus schimperi, indicating that T. schimperi, T. ammi, and their components were selective and did not affect the learning and memory of bees. In conclusion, the thymol and carvacrol (1:1) mixture was shown to be a promising replacement for synthetic acaricides, being three times more toxic than a commercial acaricide, fluvalinate (4 h-LC50 = 143 μg/mL).
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy from Brain to Muscle: The Role of Brain Dystrophin Isoforms in Motor Functions
Authors: Wijekoon Nalaka , Gonawala Lakmal , Ratnayake Pyara , Amaratunga Dhammika , Hathout Yetrib , Mohan Chandra , Steinbusch Harry W. M. , Dalal Ashwin , Hoffman Eric P. , de Silva K. Ranil D.
Published: August 2023

Brain function and its effect on motor performance in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an emerging concept. The present study explored how cumulative dystrophin isoform loss, age, and a corticosteroid treatment affect DMD motor outcomes. A total of 133 genetically confirmed DMD patients from Sri Lanka were divided into two groups based on whether their shorter dystrophin isoforms (Dp140, Dp116, and Dp71) were affected: Group 1, containing patients with Dp140, Dp116, and Dp71 affected (n = 98), and Group 2, containing unaffected patients (n = 35). A subset of 52 patients (Group 1, n = 38; Group 2, n = 14) was followed for up to three follow-ups performed in an average of 28-month intervals. The effect of the cumulative loss of shorter dystrophin isoforms on the natural history of DMD was analyzed. A total of 74/133 (56%) patients encountered developmental delays, with 66/74 (89%) being in Group 1 and 8/74 (11%) being in Group 2 (p < 0.001). Motor developmental delays were predominant. The hip and knee muscular strength, according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) activities, “standing on one leg R”, “standing on one leg L”, and “walk”, declined rapidly in Group 1 (p < 0.001 In the follow-up analysis, Group 1 patients became wheelchair-bound at a younger age than those of Group 2 (p = 0.004). DMD motor dysfunction is linked to DMD mutations that affect shorter dystrophin isoforms. When stratifying individuals for clinical trials, considering the DMD mutation site and its impact on a shorter dystrophin isoform is crucial.
Safety and Long-Term Outcomes of Rotablation in Patients with Reduced (<50%) Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (rEF) (The Rota-REF Study)
Authors: Ayoub Mohamed , Tajti Péter , Akin Ibrahim , Behnes Michael , Schupp Tobias , Forner Jan , Omran Hazem , Westermann Dirk , Rudolph Volker , Mashayekhi Kambis
Published: August 2023

Clinical outcomes in patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function undergoing rotational atherectomy (RA) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain understudied. Our study sought to evaluate the impact of RA-PCI in patients with LV systolic dysfunction on long-term outcomes. Between 2015 and 2019, 4941 patients with reduced LV function (rEF) undergoing PCI (with or without RA) were included in the hospital database. The primary endpoint was in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular and cerebral events (MACCE). The secondary endpoint was 3-year MACCE. In-hospital MACCE rates were significantly higher in RA-PCI compared to standard PCI without RA (PCI) (7.6% vs. 3.9%, p = 0.0009). However, 3-years MACCE rates were similar in RA-PCI and PCI (26.40% vs. 26.6%, p = 0.948). In conclusion, RA-PCI in patients with rEF is feasible, safe, and shows similar long-term results to PCI.
TAVI after More Than 20 Years
Authors: Postolache Adriana , Sperlongano Simona , Lancellotti Patrizio
Published: August 2023

It has been more than 20 years since the first in man transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI), and during this period we have witnessed an impressive evolution of this technique, with an extension of its use from non-operable patients to high-, intermediate- and even low-risk patients with aortic stenosis, and with a decrease in the incidence of complications. In this review, we discuss the evaluation of patients before TAVI, the procedure and the changes it has seen over time, and we present the current main complications and challenges of TAVI.
The Possible Clinical Significance of a Decreased Serum Level of Soluble PD-L1 in Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, but Not in Subacute Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus—A Pilot Study
Authors: Király Zsófia , Nagy Eszter , Bokor Laura , Kovács Anikó , Marschalkó Márta , Hidvégi Bernadett
Published: August 2023

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an autoimmune skin disease with various clinical forms, including the subtypes of discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE). The altered function of the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) axis in CLE pathogenesis has been suggested. Here, the soluble forms of PD-1 (sPD-1) and PD-L1 (sPD-L1) were explored in untreated DLE and SCLE. Levels of sPD-1 and sPD-L1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in serums of 21 DLE, 18 SCLE, 13 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Differences between patient groups and HCs, and the association between clinical activity of skin symptoms and sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels were analyzed with Mann–Whitney U-test and Spearmann’s correlation. Regarding sPD-1 levels, no statistically significant differences were found between DLE and SCLE groups, nor compared to HCs. As for sPD-L1, a significantly lower level was found in the DLE group compared to the SCLE and HC groups (p = 0.027 and p = 0.009, respectively). In SLE, significantly higher sPD-1 was found compared to HCs (p = 0.002). No association between skin symptom activity and sPD-1/sPD-L1 levels was found in CLE. Alterations of the inhibitory effect of sPD-L1 on T-cell activity might elucidate the differences between DLE and SCLE.
Symptomatic Differences between Influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 in Korea
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jong , Ryu Gwanghui , Lee Ki-Il
Published: August 2023

Background: Limited understanding exists regarding clinical distinctions between influenza A/H3N2 and A/H1N1 subtypes, particularly in primary health care. We conducted a comparative analysis of symptomatic characteristics of influenza subtypes in Korea. This retrospective study analyzed medical records of patients who presented with positive test results for influenza-like illness (rapid influenza diagnostic test; RIDT) during the H3N2-dominant 2016–2017 and H1N1-dominant 2018–2019 seasons. Symptomatic manifestations, contact history, vaccination history, and clinical course were analyzed between the two seasons. The most frequent symptom in the RIDT-positive patients was fever (80.1% and 79.1%, respectively). The average body temperature was higher, and the number of patients with high fever was greater in the H3N2-dominant season than in the H1N1-dominant season (p < 0.001). Conversely, other symptoms, such as myalgia, cough, and sore throat, were significantly more common in the H1N1-dominant season than in the H3N2-dominant season (p < 0.001). Antiviral drugs were prescribed to most febrile RIDT-positive patients (82.2% and 81.3%, respectively, p = 0.516). Analyzing primary care data revealed different clinical manifestations according to the subtype. Therefore, physicians should consider these variable hallmarks and employ tailored therapeutic strategies to reduce the complication rate.
One-Year Mortality in Patients Undergoing an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator or Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Pulse Generator Replacement: Identifying Patients at Risk
Authors: Feijen Michelle , Egorova Anastasia D. , Kuijken Teresa , Bootsma Marianne , Schalij Martin J. , van Erven Lieselot
Published: August 2023

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) significantly contribute to the prevention of sudden cardiac death in selected patients. However, it is essential to identify those who are likely to not have benefit from an ICD and to defer a pulse generator exchange. Easily implementable guidelines for individual risk stratification and decision making are lacking. This study investigates the 1-year mortality of patients who underwent an ICD or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator function (CRT-D) pulse generator replacement in a contemporary real-world tertiary hospital setting. The cause of death and patient- and procedure-related factors are stratified, and predictive values for 1-year mortality are evaluated. Patients with a follow-up of ≥365 days (or prior mortality) after an ICD or CRT-D exchange at the Leiden University Medical Center from 1 January 2018 until 31 December 2021 were eligible. In total, 588 patients were included (77% male, 69 [60–76] years old, 59% primary prevention, 46% ischemic cardiomyopathy and 37% mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)). Patients undergoing a CRT-D replacement or upgrade had a significantly higher 1-year all-cause mortality (10.7% and 11.9%, respectively) compared to patients undergoing ICD (2.8%) exchange (p = 0.002). LVEF ≤ 30%, New York Heart Association class ≥ 3, estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 30 mL/min/m2 and haemoglobin ≤ 7 mmol/L were independently associated with mortality within 1 year after pulse generator replacement. There is a growing need for prospectively validated risk scores to weight individualized risk of mortality with the expected ICD therapy benefit and to support a well-informed, shared decision-making process.
Polymer Mixtures for Experimental Self-Limited Dental Burs Development—A Preliminary Approach (Part 1)
Authors: Chisnoiu Radu Marcel , Muntean Alexandrina , Păstrav Ovidiu , Chisnoiu Andrea Maria , Cuc Stanca , Silaghi Dumitrescu Laura , Păstrav Mihaela , Prodan Doina , Delean Ada Gabriela
Published: August 2023

Alternative techniques have been investigated for effectiveness in caries removal because conventional metallic dental burs can lead to an excessive loss of sound tissue. The aim of the present study is to realize a preliminary approach in obtaining effective polymer mixtures for polymeric bur development, capable of removing primary dental caries using combinations of polymers to ensure the requirements for such instruments, but also a greater compatibility with the teeth structure. This study assessed the main mechanical properties, water sorption, solubility and microscopic structure of four new polymer mixture recipes to provide essential features in obtaining experimental self-limited dental burs. Two mixtures have in their composition polymer mixtures of Bis-phenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate/Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate/Urethane dimethacrylates (R1, R2), and two other mixtures have Bis-phenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate/Polymethyl methacrylate/Methyl methacrylates (R3, R4). The incorporation of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix has become essential due to the need of polymer biocompatibility increasing along with teeth surface remineralization, so that the powder charge was added to four recipes, such as 5% glass with BaF2 and 0.5% graphene with silver particles. All data sets were analyzed using the One-Way ANOVA test. R3, R4 showed higher compressive strength and diametrical compression values; these values increased when glass and graphene were added. Moreover, the addition of glass particles lead to an increase in flexural strength. Regarding the sorption, sample R3 had the most significant differences between day 69 and the rest of the investigation days, while the solubility varied at different intervals. From the mechanical evaluation, we could conclude that the Bis-GMA/PMMA/MMA mixtures fit the mechanical characteristics supported by polymer burs, following future studies regarding their use on the affected dentin.
Hybrid Autofluorescence and Optoacoustic Microscopy for the Label-Free, Early and Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Infections in Vegetative Tissues
Authors: Tserevelakis George J. , Theocharis Andreas , Spyropoulou Stavroula , Trantas Emmanouil , Goumas Dimitrios , Ververidis Filippos , Zacharakis Giannis
Published: August 2023

Agriculture plays a pivotal role in food security and food security is challenged by pests and pathogens. Due to these challenges, the yields and quality of agricultural production are reduced and, in response, restrictions in the trade of plant products are applied. Governments have collaborated to establish robust phytosanitary measures, promote disease surveillance, and invest in research and development to mitigate the impact on food security. Classic as well as modernized tools for disease diagnosis and pathogen surveillance do exist, but most of these are time-consuming, laborious, or are less sensitive. To that end, we propose the innovative application of a hybrid imaging approach through the combination of confocal fluorescence and optoacoustic imaging microscopy. This has allowed us to non-destructively detect the physiological changes that occur in plant tissues as a result of a pathogen-induced interaction well before visual symptoms occur. When broccoli leaves were artificially infected with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), eventually causing an economically important bacterial disease, the induced optical absorption alterations could be detected at very early stages of infection. Therefore, this innovative microscopy approach was positively utilized to detect the disease caused by a plant pathogen, showing that it can also be employed to detect quarantine pathogens such as Xylella fastidiosa.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Deep Learning Based Medical Imaging Classification
Authors: Ghnemat Rawan , Alodibat Sawsan , Abu Al-Haija Qasem
Published: August 2023

Recently, deep learning has gained significant attention as a noteworthy division of artificial intelligence (AI) due to its high accuracy and versatile applications. However, one of the major challenges of AI is the need for more interpretability, commonly referred to as the black-box problem. In this study, we introduce an explainable AI model for medical image classification to enhance the interpretability of the decision-making process. Our approach is based on segmenting the images to provide a better understanding of how the AI model arrives at its results. We evaluated our model on five datasets, including the COVID-19 and Pneumonia Chest X-ray dataset, Chest X-ray (COVID-19 and Pneumonia), COVID-19 Image Dataset (COVID-19, Viral Pneumonia, Normal), and COVID-19 Radiography Database. We achieved testing and validation accuracy of 90.6% on a relatively small dataset of 6432 images. Our proposed model improved accuracy and reduced time complexity, making it more practical for medical diagnosis. Our approach offers a more interpretable and transparent AI model that can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of medical diagnosis.
Permeability of High Clay Content Dredger Fill Treated by Step Vacuum Preloading: Pore Distribution Analysis
Authors: Shan Wenchong , Yuan Xiaoqing , Chen Hui-e , Li Xiaolin , Li Jinfeng
Published: August 2023

In this study, the step vacuum preloading method was used to reinforce high clay content dredger fill in the laboratory. The pore structures and permeability characteristics of dredger fill under different vacuum pressures were tested. The correlation between the pore structure parameters and permeability coefficient was analyzed using the grey T’s correlation analysis method. The research results indicate that the pore ratio, large pore (the diameter with a range of 4–40 μm) content, and permeability coefficient of dredger fill decreased with the increase in vacuum pressures, but the decrease rates of the pore ratio were different at various sampling locations. The contents of micropores (the diameter with a range of <0.04 μm) and small pores (the diameter with a range of 0.04–0.4 μm) increased with the increase in vacuum pressure. The results of the correlation analysis showed that a large pore content had a strong correlation with the permeability coefficient and could be used to describe the permeability characteristics of soil. The research results can provide reference for the improvement of the reinforcement method and for the evaluation of the reinforcement effect of dredger fill in engineering practice.
Screening and Analysis of Antifungal Strains Bacillus subtilis JF-4 and B. amylum JF-5 for the Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt of Banana
Authors: Duan Yajie , Pang Zhencai , Yin Shunli , Xiao Weijun , Hu Huigang , Xie Jianghui
Published: August 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the antagonistic bacteria from the rhizosphere of healthy bananas that can effectively suppress the Fusarium wilt of banana, and to further investigate the inhibitory mechanism. Method: The primary and secondary screening techniques were implemented using the double-plate and fermentation antagonism methods. The strain was identified based on physiological and biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and specific gene amplification. The effects of crude extract on the protein content, lipid peroxidation, and pectinase activity of mycelia were determined from the identified isolates. Results: Two antagonistic bacteria, JF-4 and JF-5, were screened and initially identified as Bacillus subtilis (GenBank: OR125631) and B. amylum (GenBank: OR125632). The greenhouse experiment showed that the biological control efficiency of the two antagonists against the Fusarium wilt of banana was 48.3% and 40.3%, respectively. The catalase content produced by lipid peroxidation increased significantly after treatment with the crude extracts of JF-4 and JF-5 at concentrations of 0.69 μmol/L and 0.59 μmol/L, respectively. The protein and ergosterol content and pectinase activity decreased significantly. The two antagonistic bacteria might inhibit the growth of pathogens by enhancing lipid peroxidation and decreasing the synthesis of cell metabolites. Twenty compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). B. subtilis JF-4 was further sequenced and assembled to obtain a complete circular chromosome genome of 681,804,824 bp. The genome consisted of a 4,310,825-bp-long scaffold. Conclusion: The findings of this study may help elucidate the mechanism behind this biocontrol isolate.
In Systemic Sclerosis Patients, Peripheral Blood CD21low B Cells and Serum IL-4 and IL-21 Influence Joint Involvement
Authors: Pellicano Chiara , Colalillo Amalia , Carnazzo Valeria , Redi Serena , Basile Valerio , Marino Mariapaola , Basile Umberto , Rosato Edoardo
Published: August 2023

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients have an increased frequency of CD21low B cells and of serum interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-21, each possible markers of joint involvement in inflammatory arthritis. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible influence of CD21low B cells, IL-4, and IL-21 on joint involvement in a cohort of 52 SSc patients. The DAS28-ESR was correlated with CD21low B cells (r = 0.452, p < 0.001), IL-4 (r = 0.478, p < 0.001), and IL-21 (r = 0.415, p < 0.001). SSc patients with a DAS28-ESR > 3.2 had more CD21low B cells (12.65% (IQR: 7.11–13.79) vs. 5.08% (IQR: 3.76–7.45), p < 0.01), higher IL-4 levels (132.98 pg/mL (IQR: 99.12–164.12) vs. 100.80 pg/mL (IQR: 62.78–121.13), p < 0.05), and higher IL-21 levels (200.77 pg/mL (IQR: 130.13–302.41) vs. 98.83 pg/mL (IQR: 35.70–231.55), p < 0.01) than patients with a DAS28-ESR ≤ 3.2. The logistic regression analysis models showed that the DAI (OR: 2.158 (95% CI: 1.120; 4.156), p < 0.05) and CD21low B cells (OR: 1.301 (95% CI: 1.099; 1.540), p < 0.01), the DAI (OR: 2.060 (95% CI: 1.082; 3.919), p < 0.05) and IL-4 level (OR: 1.026 (95% CI: 1.006; 1.045), p < 0.01), and the DAI (OR: 1.743 (95% CI: 1.022; 2.975), p < 0.05) and IL-21 level (OR: 1.006 (95% CI: 1.000; 1.011), p < 0.05) were independently associated with a DAS28-ESR > 3.2. An elevated CD21low B cell percentage, IL-4 level, and IL-21 level was associated with higher articular disease activity in patients, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of SSc joint involvement.
Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) and Future Physical and Mental Functional Health in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk Population-Based Study
Authors: McLachlan Fiona , Johnstone Alexandra M. , Myint Phyo Kyaw
Published: August 2023

Little is understood about the relationship between glycated haemoglobin and future functional health in the general population. In this work, we aimed to assess if glycaemic control is associated with future physical and mental functional health at 18-month follow-up in a UK general population, in those with and without diabetes. This work was a cross-sectional study. Between 1995 and 1997, participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer, Norfolk, attended a health check including blood testing for haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and completed a health and lifestyle questionnaire. Eighteen months later, self-reported physical and mental functional health were assessed using short form-36 (SF-36). Outcomes of interest included physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS, respectively) scores of the SF-36. A total of 7343 participants (56% women, mean (SD) 58.1 ± 9.5 years) were eligible to be included, of whom 167 had prevalent diabetes. In our linear regression analysis, a higher HbA1c (mmol/mol) was found to be associated with a poorer PCS score (coefficient −0.15 (p < 0.0001)) at follow-up. After adjustment for comorbid conditions, including obesity, this association was no longer statistically significant. A higher HbA1c (mmol/mol) was associated with a better MCS score at follow-up; this finding was significant when adjusted for comorbid conditions (coefficient 0.029 (p < 0.05)). Our findings suggest that the association between a higher HbA1c and poorer physical functional health is explained by a higher BMI and comorbidity status in a general population. While higher HbA1c was found to be associated with higher mental functional health at follow-up, the magnitude of this association was small. Healthy responder bias and unmeasured confounding variables may have influenced this result; thus, it should be interpreted with caution.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates for the Treatment of Renal Cancer: A Scoping Review on Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives
Authors: Sganga Stefano , Riondino Silvia , Iannantuono Giovanni Maria , Rosenfeld Roberto , Roselli Mario , Torino Francesco
Published: August 2023

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are complex chemical structures composed of a monoclonal antibody, serving as a link to target cells, which is conjugated with a potent cytotoxic drug (i.e., payload) through a chemical linker. Inspired by Paul Ehrlich’s concept of the ideal anticancer drug as a “magic bullet”, ADCs are also highly specific anticancer agents, as they have been demonstrated to recognize, bind, and neutralize cancer cells, limiting injuries to normal cells. ADCs are among the newest pharmacologic breakthroughs in treating solid and hematologic malignancies. Indeed, in recent years, various ADCs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for the treatment of several cancers, resulting in a “practice-changing” approach. However, despite these successes, no ADC is approved for treating patients affected by renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In the present paper, we thoroughly reviewed the current literature and summarized preclinical studies and clinical trials that evaluated the activity and toxicity profile of ADCs in RCC patients. Moreover, we scrutinized the potential causes that, until now, hampered the therapeutical success of ADCs in those patients. Finally, we discussed novel strategies that would improve the development of ADCs and their efficacy in treating RCC patients.
Correlation between Severity of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane and Irvine–Gass Syndrome
Authors: Jeong Jee Hyun , Kang Kyung Tae , Lee You Hyun , Kim Yu Cheol
Published: August 2023

A higher risk of pseudophakic cystoid macular edema (PCME) has been reported in patients with preoperative idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM); however, whether the formation of PCME depends on the grade of ERM has not been well established. We conducted a retrospective case–control study of 87 eyes of 78 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with idiopathic ERM and had undergone cataract surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: PCME and non-PCME groups. After cataract surgery, the ERM status was graded using the Gass and Govetto classifications. Both the central macular thickness (CMT) and ERM grade increased after surgery, and higher preoperative CMT and ERM grades were found in the PCME group. The association between higher-grade ERM and the development of PCME was significant in the Govetto classification (grade 2, odds ratio (OR): 3.13; grade 3, OR: 3.93; and grade 4, OR: 16.07). The study results indicate that close attention should be given to patients with ERM with the presence of an ectopic inner foveal layer before cataract surgery.
On a Data-Driven Optimization Approach to the PID-Based Algorithmic Trading
Authors: Azhmyakov Vadim , Shirokov Ilya , Dernov Yuri , Guzman Trujillo Luz Adriana
Published: August 2023

This paper proposes an optimal trading algorithm based on a novel application of conventional control engineering (CE). We consider a fundamental CE concept, namely, the feedback control, and apply it to algorithmic trading (AT). The concrete feedback control strategy is designed in a form of the celebrated proportional–integral–derivative (PID) model. The highly fluctuating nature of the modern financial markets has led to the adoption of a model-free realization of the generic PID framework. The control theoretical methodology we propose is combined with the advanced statistics for the historical market data. We obtain a specific log-normal probability distribution function (pdf) associated with the specific quantities associated with the available stock data. The empirical log-normal pdf mentioned above enables the necessary PID gains optimization. For this aim, we apply the data-driven optimization approaches and consider the corresponding Monte Carlo solution procedure. The optimized PID trading algorithm we propose is also studied in the Fourier analysis framework. This equivalent frequency domain representation involves a new concept in financial engineering, namely, the “stock market energy” concept. For the evaluation, we implement the proposed PID optimal trading algorithm and develop a Python-based prototype software. We finally apply the corresponding prototype software to a data set from the Binance BTC/USDT (Bitcoin/Tether) stock market. The experimental result illustrates the implementability of the proposed optimal PID trading scheme and also shows the effectiveness of the proposed CE methods in the modern AT.
Impact of Land Cover Changes on Soil Type Mapping in Plain Areas: Evidence from Tongzhou District of Beijing, China
Authors: Wu Xiangyuan , Wu Kening , Zhao Huafu , Hao Shiheng , Zhou Zhenyu
Published: August 2023

The flat terrain in the plain areas of Beijing, China makes the land easily accessible for cultivation and farming, providing vast opportunities for agricultural development. Meanwhile, these areas are also crucial for urban construction and economic growth. Soil type mapping plays a key role in understanding soil characteristics and guiding land management practices. However, accurately mapping soil types in plain regions can be challenging due to their low spatial variability and diverse land use types. Although land cover changes due to phenomena such as urbanization, agricultural expansion, and conversion of natural vegetation can significantly affect soil properties and distribution patterns, their impacts on soil type mapping remain unclear. This study investigated the impacts of land cover changes in plain areas on the accuracy of soil type mapping, hoping to provide effective assistance for soil type mapping in plain areas by analyzing their coupling relationship. Focusing on the 20 year land cover changes in Tongzhou District, this study utilizes a unified approach that combines expert knowledge, mixed sampling methods, and RF mapping techniques, while incorporating environmental covariates that have minimal period influence and synergistically using NDVI and land cover data from the same year. Transition matrices are used to reveal land cover changes, confusion matrices, and their derived indicators to analyze changes in soil type mapping accuracy, and coupling analysis is conducted between soil type change areas and land cover change areas. The results show that Tongzhou District has experienced rapid development over the past 20 years, with the area of construction land nearly doubling. Additionally, 29% of arable land has been converted into construction land, resulting in an increase in the accuracy of the soil map from 58.99% to 66.91% over the 20 year period. The soil type change area during this period accounts for 16.5% of the total area, with 51.9% of the changed areas overlapping with land cover change areas. These overlapping regions are predominantly influenced by human activities. In terms of cultivated land types in the study area, the quantity of arable land has decreased by approximately 29% over 20 years, while the proportion of Sandy loam calcareous fluvo-aquic soil and Light loam calcareous fluvo-aquic soil, which constitute nearly half of the soil type, has increased. These data demonstrate the coupling relationship between land cover changes and soil type variations. It is evident that improving the extent of land use in plain areas enhances the credibility of soil type mapping. Meanwhile, human activities impact land cover, which, in turn, affects and reflects changes in the soil type.
Spatial Association Rules and Thermal Environment Differentiation Evaluation of Local Climate Zone and Urban Functional Zone
Authors: Xu Yinuo , Hou Wei , Zhang Chunxiao
Published: August 2023

Urban heat islands (UHIs) caused by urbanization have become a major issue affecting the sustainable development of the ecological environment. The distribution of UHIs is mainly affected by the reflection and transmission of heat radiation caused by differences in urban spaces, and the anthropogenic heat emissions caused by social activities. At present, the research on the urban thermal environment involves two spatial classification systems: local climate zone (LCZ), based on urban morphology and spatial patterns; and urban functional zone (UFZ), based on socio-economic activities. It is not clear whether there are association rules between these two systems in different cities. Against this background, this study explores the association rules between the UFZ and LCZ classification systems using the selected Chinese cities in different regions as typical examples. Our results confirm that there are common association rules from UFZ to LCZ, as the form of buildings is greatly influenced by the types of functional areas in urban construction. Specifically, the medical zone corresponds to the compact mid-rise zone (LCZ2); the business service area and the office area also correspond to the compact zone (LCZ1-LCZ3); and the industrial area corresponds to the compact low-rise zone (LCZ3). These functional zones have the same association rules in different cities. The cross-regional mining of the relationship between different urban functional systems will help to coordinate different planning departments and carry out the integration of multiple spatial plans. Furthermore, we found that LCZ has a better differentiation effect on the surface temperature through our comparison research, which makes it more suitable as a reference for research on the thermal environment and the heat island effect.
Collective Resource Management and Labor Quota Systems for Sustainable Natural Resource Management in Semi-Arid Ethiopia
Authors: Mukai Shiro
Published: August 2023

Since the mid-1970s, natural resource management package programs have been implemented mainly in the northern Ethiopian Highlands (Amhara and Tigray regions), providing participants with food-for-work (FFW) supported by donor agencies. Meanwhile, the government has sporadically implemented such programs in the Ethiopian Lowlands, including the semi-arid Ethiopian Rift Valley (the study area). Local villagers took the initiative to manage various natural and life resources. In this study, the following factors were determined: (i) the type of village organization that manages common-pool resources (CPRs) and controls collective work, and (ii) the kind of institutional arrangements that should be implemented in participatory CPR management and small-scale village infrastructure development programs. These issues were investigated using mixed methods research, combining multivariate analyses, interviews, and field observation. The analyses were compared specifically with advanced participatory CPR management in Tigray, northern semi-arid Ethiopia. Tigray has an indigenous labor quota system (baito) and a collective grazing land management system (hizati) at the hamlet (qushet) level. Since 1991, the Tigray government has incorporated hamlets into the local administration system and supplied FFW and other incentives to participants with a high participation rate in the baito collective work. Those institutional arrangements helped reduce soil erosion rates and restore grass and tree biomass in the area. In the study area, user groups and youth and women’s associations were (and still are) institutionally fragile CPR organizations (e.g., no bylaws). In contrast, an iddir is a robust CPR organization at the hamlet (gott) level having a labor quota system (iddir system) and funds. The requirements for sustainable participatory rural development in the two regions of semi-arid Ethiopia are, first, to institutionalize a local administration system that links the district, village, and hamlet; and second, to use various incentives provided by donor agencies to strengthen their indigenous labor quota systems.
Comprehensive Overview of the Effects of Amaranthus and Abelmoschus esculentus on Markers of Oxidative Stress in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Phoswa Wendy N. , Mokgalaboni Kabelo
Published: August 2023

The use of medicinal plants in the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) is extensively reported. However, there is still very limited information on the role of these plants as markers of oxidative stress in DM. This current review evaluated the effect of Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, and Abelmoschus esculentus on markers of oxidative stress in rodent models of DM. Current findings indicate that these plants have the potential to reduce prominent markers of oxidative stress, such as serum malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, while increasing enzymes that act as antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase. This may reduce reactive oxygen species and further ameliorate oxidative stress in DM. Although the potential benefits of these plants are acknowledged in rodent models, there is still a lack of evidence showing their efficacy against oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Therefore, we recommend future clinical studies in DM populations, particularly in Africa, to evaluate the potential effects of these plants. Such studies would contribute to enhancing our understanding of the significance of incorporating these plants into dietary practices for the prevention and management of DM.
Unleashing the Power of Artificial Intelligence in Materials Design
Authors: Badini Silvia , Regondi Stefano , Pugliese Raffaele
Published: August 2023

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in materials design is revolutionizing the field of materials engineering thanks to their power to predict material properties, design de novo materials with enhanced features, and discover new mechanisms beyond intuition. In addition, they can be used to infer complex design principles and identify high-quality candidates more rapidly than trial-and-error experimentation. From this perspective, herein we describe how these tools can enable the acceleration and enrichment of each stage of the discovery cycle of novel materials with optimized properties. We begin by outlining the state-of-the-art AI models in materials design, including machine learning (ML), deep learning, and materials informatics tools. These methodologies enable the extraction of meaningful information from vast amounts of data, enabling researchers to uncover complex correlations and patterns within material properties, structures, and compositions. Next, a comprehensive overview of AI-driven materials design is provided and its potential future prospects are highlighted. By leveraging such AI algorithms, researchers can efficiently search and analyze databases containing a wide range of material properties, enabling the identification of promising candidates for specific applications. This capability has profound implications across various industries, from drug development to energy storage, where materials performance is crucial. Ultimately, AI-based approaches are poised to revolutionize our understanding and design of materials, ushering in a new era of accelerated innovation and advancement.