bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Urinary CD44 and Prosaposin as Specific Biomarkers of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Neurogenic Bladders
Authors: Forster Catherine S , Haffey Wendy D , Bennett Michael , Greis Kenneth D , Devarajan Prasad
Published: March 2019

Purpose:

Distinguishing urinary tract infection (UTI) from urinary tract colonization (UTC) in children with neurogenic bladders who require clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) is challenging. Our objective was to identify urinary proteins to distinguish UTI from UTC in CIC-dependent children that have potential to serve as objective markers of UTI.

Experimental design:

A total of 10 CIC-dependent children were included in the mass spectrometry analysis (UTI = 5, UTC = 5). Quantitative profiling of urine proteins with isobaric protein labeling was performed using tandem mass spectrometry. Candidate markers were normalized using a collective mixture of proteins from all samples. Relative quantitative abundance of proteins across all samples were compared. Proteins with >50% change in the average abundance were identified as proteins of interest, which were then measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in an additional 40 samples (no growth = 10, UTC = 15, UTI = 15).

Results:

Mass spectrometry revealed 8 differentially expressed proteins. Of these, apolipoprotein D, alpha-amylase 2B, non-secretory ribonuclease, CD44 antigen, and prosaposin were measurable by ELISA. Concentrations of both CD44 and prosaposin were significantly higher in UTI, with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.72 and 0.78, respectively.

Conclusion:

Urinary CD44 and prosaposin are candidate markers that may assist with the diagnosis of UTI in CIC-dependent children.
Educational and Wealth Inequalities in Smokeless Tobacco Use: An Analysis of Rural-Urban Areas of Bangladesh and India
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Anupam , Irfan Mohd
Published: March 2019

This study aims to investigate the educational and wealth inequalities in smokeless tobacco (SLT) use in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh and India, the 2 largest global SLT users. Using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey, both absolute and relative measures of inequality were estimated. The analysis reveals that the educational inequalities in SLT use were higher in urban areas of India and in rural areas of Bangladesh, whereas the wealth inequalities in SLT use were higher in urban areas of both the countries. Moreover, the logit model showed that the odds of SLT use declined with an increase in the level of education and wealth in rural and urban areas of India. However, no consistent pattern was observed in rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. The findings clearly delineate the subgroups which require immediate attention for SLT cessation interventions in these 2 countries.
Associations Between Organizational Culture, Workplace Health Climate, and Employee Smoking at Smaller Workplaces
Authors: Kava Christine M , Parker Edith A , Baquero Barbara , Curry Susan J , Gilbert Paul A , Sauder Michael , Sewell Daniel K
Published: March 2019

Background:

Smaller workplaces frequently employ low-wage earners, who have higher smoking rates. Organizational culture and workplace health climate are two characteristics that could influence employee smoking. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between organizational culture, workplace health climate, and smoking among employees at small (20-99 employees) and very small (<20 employees) workplaces. We proposed the following hypotheses: a stronger clan culture will be associated with a better workplace health climate (HP1); a better workplace health climate will be associated with lower odds of current smoking (HP2); and there will be an association between workplace health climate and smoking intensity (HP3) and between workplace health climate and quit intention (HP4).

Methods:

Executives and employees completed separate online questionnaires. Data collection occurred between June and October 2017. We used regression and Fisher’s exact tests to answer study hypotheses.

Results:

Workplaces with stronger clan cultures had a better workplace health climate (b = 0.27, P < .05), providing support for HP1. A better workplace health climate was associated with lower odds of being a current smoker (odds ratio [OR] = 0.08; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01, 0.53), providing support for HP2. No significant relationship existed between workplace health climate and smoking intensity ( P = .50) or between workplace health climate and intention to quit smoking ( P = .32); therefore, HP3 and HP4 were not supported.

Conclusion:

Certain culture types may inform an organization’s health climate. Despite a lower likelihood of current smoking in workplaces with better health climates, a better health climate may not be sufficient to produce changes in smoking behavior and intentions.
Teachers as role models for physical activity: Are preschool children more active when their teachers are active?
Authors: Cheung Peggy
Published: March 2019

Teachers are considered important role models for the behavior of children during early childhood. The purposes of this study are to: (a) compare activity levels of preschool children in a structured physical education (PE) class taught by an active or less active teacher; (b) examine the interaction effect of gender, school size, and teacher activity levels on the activity levels of children. The participants were 248 preschool children (134 boys, 114 girls; mean age = 5.5 years) and teachers from 12 preschools in Hong Kong. Regular classroom teachers conducted a 30-min structured PE class, and the participants’ physical activity (PA) levels were measured using pedometers. The recorded step counts of teachers were employed to classify whether children were in the classes taught by active or less active teachers. Factorial analysis of variance was used to examine differences in the pedometer-determined activity regarding gender and school size between the different types of classes. The results indicated that preschool children had higher PA levels in PE classes taught by more active teachers than in those taught by less active teachers (1712 versus 951 steps). Future studies could explore other teacher-related factors that might facilitate appropriate strategies to engage preschoolers in higher PA during PE classes.
Cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome: A case-control study nested within a cohort
Authors: Loades Maria Elizabeth , Rimes Katharine , Lievesley Kate , Ali Sheila , Chalder Trudie
Published: March 2019

Background:

What adolescents think about symptoms and what they do in response could contribute to fatigue maintenance. We compared the cognitive and behavioural responses of adolescents and their parents with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS; N = 121) and asthma ( N = 27) and explored the predictive value of these variables on fatigue and functioning in CFS.

Method:

Consecutively referred adolescents with CFS were recruited. Questionnaires, completed by adolescents and parents, assessed fatigue, functioning, mood and cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms. Age-matched adolescents with asthma completed the same questionnaires. Adolescents with CFS completed questionnaires again approximately 3 months later.

Results:

Adolescents with CFS scored higher on all unhelpful cognitive and behavioural subscales than adolescents with asthma. Parents’ cognitions about their child’s symptoms were associated with adolescent’s own cognitions. Unhelpful cognitive and behavioural responses, particularly, damage beliefs, predicted subsequent fatigue in CFS, and all-or-nothing behaviour, catastrophising and damage beliefs predicted subsequent physical functioning.

Conclusion:

Unhelpful cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms appear to be particularly prominent in adolescents with CFS. There is some consistency but not a perfect match between cognitive and behavioural responses to symptoms reported by adolescents and their parents. These responses could be contributing to fatigue maintenance and disability.
Friendship and the social self in business success literature
Authors: Mallory Peter , Carlson Jesse , Eramian Laura
Published: March 2019

What can we learn about the cultural meanings of friendship and personal bonds by turning to popular business success literature? Can it help to make sense of the new social spirit of capitalism? Social theory still takes as its object of criticism the bounded, autonomous, liberal subject, yet in the new business success literature, one finds instead a social conception of the person and a celebration of values like community, trust and reciprocity. Critical assessments of homo economicus are being incorporated into the success literature, often by cribbing from scholarly critique that has long invoked friendship as a counterpoint to instrumental relations of capitalism. We argue that in spite of these broad cultural shifts in ideas around what makes for successful business people, the view of friendship and selfhood advanced in the success literature gets caught in its own contradictions. The incorporation of friendship and social conceptions of the self into business success literature raises questions about how best to develop a relevant and critical concept of friendship in contemporary cultural and social theory.
Redundancy theory and evaluation index of cable–strut system
Authors: Jiang Shuhui , Yuan Xingfei , Ma Shuo
Published: March 2019

Redundancy theory of cable–strut system is developed for evaluation of structural design. This redundancy theory extends system-level redundancy to member-level redundancy and takes pre-force into account by introducing the second-order deformation of cable and strut. The linear and nonlinear redundancy matrices are derived through potential energy equations in the form of linear and nonlinear deformations, respectively. The characteristics of structural geometry, topology, and material property are included in both linear and nonlinear redundancy matrices. Nonlinear redundancy matrix is also related to pre-force. Two sets of redundancy-based indexes are proposed for evaluation of cable–strut system. The system-level index set is used to evaluate structural redundancy and the strengthening effect of the pre-force on the structural redundancy. The member-level index set is used to evaluate the distribution of redundancy and structural uniformity. Finally, three groups of 3-bar prisms and two groups of cable domes are designed and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed redundancy-based indexes. The results show that the two sets of redundancy-based indexes are able to reflect pre-force level and evenness of distribution of strain energy and thus can be used as structural evaluation indexes.
Organizing for impact: International organizations and global pension policy
Authors: Heneghan Martin , Orenstein Mitchell A
Published: March 2019

The internal dynamics and politics of international organizations influence how international policy agendas are set and how effectively they are pursued. International organizations are open systems which respond and adapt to the external policy environment in order to remain relevant to global policymaking. Through an analysis of the internal politics of the World Bank and International Labour Organization, the leading global agenda-setters for pension reform, this article shows that internal political battles and restructuring have a decisive influence on global pensions policy. Appointment of key personnel and internal reorganization can help make certain policy ideas prominent over others. Scholars should pay greater attention to processes of change within international organizations in order to better understand the international agenda setting process.
Marketing research education in the Big Data era
Authors: Paas Leo
Published: March 2019

The excellent and timely Nunan and Di Domenico International Journal of Market Research (IJMR) paper addressed the stagnant state of many marketing research courses. Following up on this contribution, I will propose some specific changes for enhancing relevance of marketing research curricula, emphasizing transactional data and Big Data. Moreover, I will propose that marketing research education should develop analysts who can convert data into advice for decision makers and we should educate marketing managers to become more quantitatively oriented to ensure they can base their decisions on data and analytical results.
Juvenile Defendants’ Right to be Tried within a Reasonable Time in Cambodia: An International Human Rights Analysis
Authors: Teeuwen Aekje
Published: March 2019

A delay in proceedings pending trial has a significant impact on defendants, particularly juveniles. The majority of prominent human rights instruments and their governing bodies seek to address the right to be tried within a reasonable time. Nevertheless, the unique position of juvenile defendants in relation to this right is considered with substantial inconsistency. Cambodia has ratified several international treaties acknowledging this fundamental right and recently adopted the Juvenile Justice Law. Consequently, this article examines the extent to which the right for juvenile defendants to be tried within a reasonable time has been incorporated into the relevant international, as well as the Cambodian legislative framework, and case law.
Building transformative capacity in southern Africa: Surfacing knowledge and challenging structures through participatory Vulnerability and Risk Assessments
Authors: Morchain Daniel , Spear Dian , Ziervogel Gina , Masundire Hillary , Angula Margaret N , Davies Julia , Molefe Chandapiwa , Hegga Salma
Published: March 2019

Although participatory approaches are becoming more widespread, to date vulnerability assessments have largely been conducted by technocrats and have paid little attention to underlying causes of vulnerability, such as inequality and biased governance systems. Participatory assessments that recognise the social roots of vulnerability, however, are critical in helping individuals and institutions rethink their understanding of and responses to climate change impacts. This paper interrogates the contribution of Oxfam’s Vulnerability and Risk Assessment methodology to enabling transformation at both personal and institutional levels. Three Vulnerability and Risk Assessment exercises were conducted in Malawi, Botswana and Namibia by one or more of the authors in 2015 and 2016. Reflecting on these workshops, we explore the contribution that a process like the Vulnerability and Risk Assessment may bring to transformation. We conclude that these types of inclusive and representative participatory approaches can shift narratives and power dynamics, allow marginal voices to be heard, build cross–scalar relationships and enable the co-creation of solutions. Such approaches can play a key role in moving towards transformational thinking and action, especially in relation to climate change adaptation.
Lumen Gain After Endovascular Therapy in Calcified Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusive Disease Assessed by Intravascular Ultrasound (CODE Study)
Authors: Fujihara Masahiko , Kozuki Amane , Tsubakimoto Yoshinori , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Shintani Yoshiaki , Fukunaga Masashi , Iwasaki Yusuke , Nakama Tatsuya , Yokoi Yoshiaki
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To assess calcium patterns in superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease before and after balloon angioplasty ± stent implantation using fluoroscopy, angiography, and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and then correlate calcification severity and midterm clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: A multicenter investigation was carried out to retrospectively review 130 symptomatic patients (mean age 73.2±8.4 years; 86 men) with de novo SFA lesions who had successfully undergone endovascular therapy (EVT) at 7 centers between January and October 2015. The primary outcome was lumen gain measured as minimum lumen area (MLA) in post-EVT IVUS images according to calcification severity. The secondary outcomes included rates of stent malapposition, restenosis, and clinically-driven target lesion revascularization (TLR). Results: A total of 102 (78.5%) cases had calcification in the lesions over a mean length of 64.3±72.8 mm. Of these, 70 cases were classified as having bilateral calcification according to fluoroscopy and angiography; 50 (49%) lesions had ≥180° calcification according to IVUS. The lumen gain in calcified lesions was significantly smaller than in the 28 noncalcified lesions (14.1±4.4 vs 17.8±5.2 mm2, p<0.001). IVUS-evaluated circumferential distribution of calcium (<180° or ≥180°) was independently associated with lumen gain after EVT (p<0.001). Among the calcification characteristics, a calcification angle ≥180° showed the strongest correlation to postprocedure MLA. Moreover, the restenosis rate was significantly higher in the severe (≥180°) calcification group (p<0.018). The severity of calcification was also associated with the risk of stent malapposition (p=0.022 for trend) but not TLR (p=0.57). Conclusion: IVUS evaluation of calcification in SFA lesions predicted lumen gain after EVT. Severe calcification in a ≥180° arc prevented successful dilation of the lesion with either plain balloon angioplasty or a nitinol stent. Accurate assessment of calcification patterns by IVUS is useful in maximizing the efficacy of endovascular therapy.
Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level After Endovascular Therapy in Patients With Claudication
Authors: Tomoi Yusuke , Yamaji Kyohei , Soga Yoshimitsu , Hiramori Seiichi , Ando Kenji
Published: March 2019

Purpose: To investigate the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and the 5-year cardiovascular death rate after endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients with lower limb peripheral artery disease (PAD) according to statin therapy status. Methods: From January 2010 to March 2016, 1324 PAD patients (1670 limbs) with claudication (Rutherford category 1–3) underwent EVT. After excluding 389 patients owing to death or missing data, 935 (70.6%) patients (mean age 72.1±8.7 years; 708 men) were included in the analysis. Statin therapy was prescribed to 509 (54.4%) patients at discharge. LDL-C levels at 3 to 6 months after EVT were correlated with the incidence of cardiovascular death (CVD; procedure-related and proximate cardiac, noncoronary vascular, or unknown causes) at 5 years. A stratifying factor of 100 mg/dL was based on the median LDL-C value (94 mg/dL) in the cohort. Predictors of CVD were sought in multivariate analysis; results are presented as the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Over a median follow-up of 30.7 months (interquartile range 13.7, 47.6), CVD occurred in 83 (8.9%) patients. The incidence of CVD at 5 years was significantly higher in patients with LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL at 3 to 6 months than in those with LDL-C <100 mg/dL (23.5% vs 13.5%, p=0.03). In addition, LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL at 3 to 6 months was associated with a higher incidence of CVD (25.2% vs 10.9%, p=0.02) in 509 (54.4%) patients with statin therapy at discharge. In the multivariate model, LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL at 3 to 6 months after EVT was an independent predictor of CVD (adjusted HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.001 to 2.59, p=0.049). Conclusion: LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL at 3 to 6 months after the EVT for symptomatic lower limb PAD was independently associated with a higher risk of CVD, particularly in patients on statin therapy at discharge. This observation suggests that intensive LDL-C–lowering therapy may be needed to improve clinical outcomes.
Athleticism in NCAA D-III: It Ain’t Only Football That Matters
Authors: Segura Jerome , Willner Jonathan
Published: March 2019

Most D-III universities field a football team, yet little is known about how a football program can influence the quality of the student body or rate at which students graduate. To evaluate these advertising and effectiveness effects of football, we build balanced panel data sets using available private D-III universities (80–90% of all D-III universities) from 2003 through 2010. We also account for overall athletic participation. Using generalized linear model (GLM) and linear-in-means estimation procedures, we find conditional evidence of the advertising and effectiveness hypotheses of football. We find that female athletes are successful as advertising and effectiveness, while male athletes are negative advertising and of neutral to negative effectiveness.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the gut microbiome: Are bacteria responsible for fatty liver?
Authors: Dong Tien S , Jacobs Jonathan P
Published: March 2019

Over the last several years, a growing body of literature has linked the gut microbiome to human health and diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This paper will review the current literature investigating the influence of diets associated with metabolic disorders on the microbiome and how those changes promote susceptibility to metabolic disorders. It will then focus in-depth on the role of the gut microbiome in NAFLD. The review will highlight associations of microbial composition and function with progression of NAFLD in patients and discuss potential mechanisms that link the gut microbiome to NAFLD. Finally, it will address limitations of existing studies along with future directions for microbiome research in NAFLD, including potential microbe-related treatments.

Impact statement

This invited minireview for the upcoming thematic issue on the microbiome addresses the role of the microbiome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The incidence of NAFLD has increased greatly in recent years in parallel with the rise in obesity and is now believed to have a population prevalence of 20–40%. It is anticipated to soon become the primary cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality, and unfortunately, there are few treatment options. Therefore, there is a critical need for improved understanding of NAFLD pathophysiology to provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention. In this paper, we have reviewed evidence from human and animal model studies that have associated microbiome composition and microbial metabolites with development and progression of NAFLD. We have also discussed proposed mechanisms by which the microbiome could contribute to NAFLD pathogenesis and addressed future directions for this field.
San Francisco Slaughterhouses and American Proto-zoning
Authors: Stangl Paul
Published: March 2019

Historians generally attribute the title of first municipal proto-zoning ordinance in the United States to a restriction on the locations of Chinese Laundries from Modesto, California, in 1885. Yet, a similar location restriction on slaughterhouses was approved in San Francisco in 1852 and revised in ensuing decades through political contestation and legal challenges. One of these cases, Ex parte Shrader, set an important legal precedent for later Chinese laundry cases and the transition from land use districting for nuisance control to land use districting as an exercise of the police power, an essential step for modern zoning.
A dynamic localization network for regional navigation under global navigation satellite system denial environments
Authors: Zhao Hongwei , Yan Yue , Shi Xiaozhu
Published: March 2019

Global navigation satellite system signals are easily distorted by the interferences or disturbances, and global navigation satellite system receivers cannot offer continuous effective navigation results in challenging environments. As a representative regional augmentation technology, pseudolite has the potential to provide accurate positioning service to satisfy specific performance requirements in various applications. In this article, we developed a dynamic localization network based on pseudolite technology for regional augmentation navigation purpose. First, the collaborative positioning algorithm is given, and the architecture of localization system is proposed. Then the error sources of localization system are analyzed for performance evaluation. Finally, the proposed system is verified by experiments conducted in both static and kinenatic scenarios. The experiment results demonstrate that the positioning accuracy of the proposed localization system is nearly 10 m, which is close to the global navigation satellite system single-point positioning accuracy. Therefore, it can be used for emergency dynamic positioning of critical areas under the global navigation satellite system denial environments.
Extended Postoperative Antibiotics Versus No Postoperative Antibiotics in Patients Undergoing Emergency Cholecystectomy for Acute Calculous Cholecystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahab , Popova Petya , Rehman Sheik
Published: March 2019

Objectives. To compare the outcomes of extended postoperative antibiotics versus no postoperative antibiotics in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis undergoing emergency cholecystectomy. Methods. We performed a systematic review and conducted a search of electronic information sources to identify all randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes of extended postoperative antibiotics versus no postoperative antibiotics in patients with acute calculous cholecystitis undergoing emergency cholecystectomy. Postoperative infectious complications and surgical site infections were primary outcome measures. The secondary outcome measures included postoperative morbidity, postoperative noninfectious complications, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, length of hospital stay, postoperative mortality, and need for readmission. Random or fixed effects modeling was applied to calculate pooled outcome data. Results. Four randomized controlled trials enrolling 953 patients were identified. The included populations in the extended antibiotic group and no antibiotic group were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of postoperative infectious complications (odds ratio [OR] =0.94, P = .79), surgical site infections (OR = 1.13, P = .72), postoperative morbidity (OR = 0.93, P = .70), postoperative noninfectious complications (OR = 0.85, P = .57), urinary tract infections (OR = 0.69, P = .55), pneumonia (OR = 0.33, P = .14), length of hospital stay (mean difference = 0.78, P = .25), postoperative mortality (risk difference = −0.00, P = .65), and need for readmission (OR = 0.87, P = .70). Conclusions. Our results suggest that extended postoperative antibiotic therapy does not improve postoperative infectious or noninfectious outcomes in patients with mild or moderate acute calculous cholecystitis undergoing emergency cholecystectomy. Postoperative antibiotics should not be routinely used and should be preserved only for selected cases.
A Case of Coronary Artery Fistula Ligation in Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Plasty via Right Anterolateral Minithoracotomy
Authors: Kondo Nobuo , Totsugawa Toshinori , Yoshitaka Hidenori , Sakaguchi Taichi
Published: March 2019

We report a case of coronary artery fistula treated by ligation with concomitant minimally invasive mitral valve plasty via right anterolateral minithoracotomy. The coronary artery fistula was isolated well under heart beating, and clip-ligation was easily and safely performed. The present method is an effective and safe option for use with minimally invasive cardiac surgery.
Simulation methods of rigid holonomic multibody systems with bond graphs
Authors: Boudon Benjamin , Dang Thu Thuy , Margetts Rebecca , Borutzky Wolfgang , Malburet François
Published: March 2019

Bond graph software can simulate bond graph models without the user needing to manually derive equations. This offers the power to model larger and more complex systems than in the past. Multibond graphs (those with vector bonds) offer a compact model which further eases handling multibody systems. Although multibond graphs can be simulated successfully, the use of vector bonds can present difficulties. In addition, most qualitative, bond graph–based exploitation relies on the use of scalar bonds. This article discusses the main methods for simulating bond graphs of multibody systems, using a graphical software platform. The transformation between models with vector and scalar bonds is presented. The methods are then compared with respect to both time and accuracy, through simulation of two benchmark models. This article is a tutorial on the existing methods for simulating three-dimensional rigid and holonomic multibody systems using bond graphs and discusses the difficulties encountered. It then proposes and adapts methods for simulating this type of system directly from its bond graph within a software package. The value of this study is in giving practical guidance to modellers, so that they can implement the adapted method in software.
Outcomes after endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm involving the renovisceral arteries: A multi-center follow-up study
Authors: Stackelberg Otto , Lindström David , Mani Kevin , Lundberg Göran , Linné Anneli , Delle Martin , Berger Martin , Wanhainen Anders , Gillgren Peter
Published: March 2019

Objectives

To evaluate outcomes after endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) involving the renovisceral arteries and to compare outcomes after fenestrated/branched endovascular aortic repair (f/b-EVAR), chimney/periscope EVAR (ch-EVAR), and bailout ch-EVAR.

Methods

A retrospective multicenter study including all patients with AAA involving the renovisceral segment, treated with f/b-EVAR, ch-EVAR, or bailout ch-EVAR, between 1 January 2005 and 30 June 2015, in three Swedish vascular centers. Patient charts were reviewed for data. Renovisceral stent graft patency was assessed on follow-up CT. Mortality was cross-checked against the Swedish Population Registry. Bailout ch-EVAR was defined as a perioperative decision of renovisceral endografting, as the artery was accidentally covered, or as the aneurysm neck sealing zone was considered inadequate.

Results

Of the 99 identified patients (76 men; mean age 74 years (range 58–89 years)), 68 underwent f/b-EVAR, 18 ch-EVAR, and 13 bailout ch-EVAR. Follow-up lasted for a median of 3.2 years (Q1, Q3 (2.1, 4.7 years)). Elective surgery comprised 87.9% ( n = 87) of the cases. Six patients died within 30 days, and the 30-day mortality after elective surgery was 4.6% (95% CI, 1.3%–11.4%) overall, 1.6% after f/b-EVAR (95% CI, 0.0%–11.4%), 15.4% after ch-EVAR (95% CI, 1.9%–45.4%), and 10.0% (95% CI, 0.3%–44.5%) after bailout ch-EVAR. During follow-up, there were 16 secondary interventions, of which 75% ( n = 12) were performed within six months after the primary intervention. Compared with f/b-EVAR, ch-EVAR was associated with a higher degree of type 1 endoleaks (1.5% vs. 22.2%, P = 0.001) and re-interventions during follow-up (13.2% vs. 33.3%, P = 0.046). The overall assisted target vessel patency was 96.1% (95% CI, 91.7%–98.6%) at one year and 95.2% (95% CI, 89.2%–98.4%) at two years.

Conclusions

Results after EVAR involving endografting of renovisceral arteries from three centers in Sweden with medium volumes are consistent with results previously reported from centers with larger volumes.
An autonomous dynamic collision avoidance control method for unmanned surface vehicle in unknown ocean environment
Authors: Fan Yunsheng , Sun Xiaojie , Wang Guofeng
Published: March 2019

There are many unknown obstacles in the sea, so the autonomous navigation of unmanned surface vehicle needs to avoid them as soon as possible even under the condition of low control ability of the controller. To solve the problem, by combining the dynamic collision avoidance algorithm and tracking control, a dynamic collision avoidance control method in the unknown ocean environment is presented. In this article, in consideration of the unknown ocean environment and real-time dynamic obstacle avoidance problem, the collision avoidance controller using a velocity resolution method and backstepping tracking controller based on unmanned surface vehicle maneuvering motion model is designed. Simulation results show that the method is effective and accurate and can provide the reference for the unmanned surface vehicle intelligent collision avoidance control technology.
Rosacea
Authors: Mishra Apurva , Mishra Shanu
Published: March 2019

Rosacea is a common, chronic skin disease that affects the facial pilo-sebaceous glands. It is characterised by erythema, flushing and sometimes papules. It typically affects the convex surfaces of the face, most commonly the forehead, cheeks, chin and nose. Rosacea predominantly affects the Caucasian population, with prevalence being higher in northern Europe than southern Europe. It is three times more common in females and peaks between 30 and 60 years of age. Rosacea can usually be well managed with topical or oral treatments in primary care, although some forms of rosacea or treatment-resistant cases may need specialist input.
Self-regulation of online platform and competition policy challenges: A case study on Go-Jek
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Sih Yuliana
Published: March 2019

The growth of the digital market has challenged competition policy in terms of how innovation should be considered. This article deals with the current market development in Indonesia as a showcase for how innovation responds to market demand faster than state regulations. The study focuses on Go-Jek, a technology company that offers a wide range of online services, including transportation, delivery, and mobile payment, by bringing together consumers and service providers; hence, Go-Jek plays a role as an intermediary and at the same time also as an infomediary that collects information from users and shares it with its users. While policy makers and regulators struggle to find the most workable policies and regulations, markets take initiatives to regulate themselves to protect the interests of the contracting parties. Questions remain about the extent to which party interests are balanced out and how self-regulation could meet established public policy. The analysis in this article considers Indonesian competition authority (KPPU) Regulation No. 4. In the European Union (EU), the desire to advocate self-regulation has been emphasized in the EU Agenda on Better Regulation in 2015 by considering “well-designed non-regulatory means” in the policy for better regulation. Taking a lesson from the EU, this article discusses three key issues. First, how and to what extent does self-regulation of online platforms govern transactions being made on the platform. Second, what challenges do self-regulation of online platforms pose to competition. Third, which policies could the government make to deal with the self-regulation of online platforms.
Peer-to-peer electricity trading: A review of the legal context
Authors: van Soest Henri
Published: March 2019

The peer-to-peer (P2P) trading of electricity is a recently developed type of transaction in the electricity system. In a P2P electricity trade, two equal market participants, in most cases prosumers, conclude a contract for the trade of electricity. This article provides a review of the legal context of P2P electricity trading, with a focus on European energy law. Furthermore, the article discusses the relation of P2P electricity trading to the phenomenon of the collaborative economy and to parallel technological developments taking place in the electricity system. We conclude that while the current state of European Union energy law might in principle allow P2P electricity trading, the lack of specific provisions is likely to cause issues in practice.
A mathematical model of cartilage regeneration after chondrocyte and stem cell implantation – I: the effects of growth factors
Authors: Campbell Kelly , Naire Shailesh , Kuiper Jan Herman
Published: March 2019

Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a cell-based therapy for treating chondral defects. The procedure begins by inserting chondrocytes into the defect region. The chondrocytes initiate healing by proliferating and depositing extracellular matrix, which allows them to migrate into the defect until it is completely filled with new cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cells can be used instead of chondrocytes with similar long-term results. The main differences are at early times since mesenchymal stem cells must first differentiate into chondrocytes before cartilage is formed. To better understand this repair process, we present a mathematical model of cartilage regeneration after cell therapy. We extend our previous work to include the cell–cell interaction between mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes via growth factors. Our results show that matrix formation is enhanced at early times in the presence of growth factors. This study reinforces the importance of mesenchymal stem cell and chondrocyte interaction in the cartilage healing process as hypothesised in experimental studies.
Using the decomposed theory of planned behaviour to understand university students’ adoption of WhatsApp in learning
Authors: Nyasulu Chimango , Dominic Chawinga Winner
Published: March 2019

As an instant messaging application accessed through smartphones, WhatsApp is currently used by millions of people across the world to share information in various formats such as audio, photos, videos and text. The higher education is one of the sectors where the hype of WhatsApp has been acknowledged and consequently, students and lecturers continue to embrace this technology. Using the decomposed theory of planned behaviour model, the study investigated the use of WhatsApp technology by information and communication technology students and land management students at Mzuzu University in Malawi. In order to collect both, qualitative and quantitative data, researchers used a questionnaire with predominantly closed ended questions and semi structured interviews. Findings showed that 51 (92.7%) students own smartphones and the majority use WhatsApp to accomplish various academic activities including sharing academic information, communicating with fellow students and lecturers, and conducting collaborative learning activities. According to the study, the benefits associated with WhatsApp use by students included instant sharing of information, academic collaboration, and ability to learn beyond classroom hours. Challenges include costs of ICT gadgets, frequent electricity outages and unreliable Internet connection from mobile network service providers. The study recommends that Mzuzu University should improve Internet bandwidths and install more Wi-Fi access points across the campus. The study recommends further that mobile network service providers in Malawi should offer special or competitive smartphones prices to students in addition to improving their network signal.
Supporting pedagogic innovators in professional practice through Applied eLearning
Authors: Donnelly Roisin
Published: March 2019

This study explores the relationship between conceptions of innovation in eLearning pedagogy, the role of artefact-based learning in demonstrating this innovation, and how this can be investigated through critical incidents analysis of personal and collective learning. The context is an accredited masters programmes and the graduates' experience from 2007 to 2017. Graduates are a blend of academic staff in higher education, private sector trainers, and independent eLearning consultants wanting to develop knowledge and skills in eLearning. Key dimensions of pedagogic innovation explored are the continuum of how programme participants learn to innovate, what enables or prohibits them to innovate in their professional practice, and how they lead such innovations. Sixty-five graduates from the programme were invited to a survey and 10 of these who self-formed a LinkedIn community of practice after graduation engaged in a critical incident analysis on pedagogic innovation in their professional practice. As the participants are drawn from a range of academic subject disciplines, and share a cohort with eLearning professionals from the private and public sector, findings show the prohibitors and enablers within their disciplines and organisations in introducing and sustaining innovations to practice. Also shown is the importance of growing confidence in digital pedagogical practice, the power of collaborative cohorts, deconstructing innovative pedagogy for these contexts, and what supports pedagogic innovation. Findings have curriculum design and support implications for practitioners delivering eLearning professional development for academic staff and industry.
Reporting on the level of validity and reliability of questionnaires measuring Katakori severity: A systematic review
Authors: Aoki Kaori , Hall Toby , Takasaki Hiroshi
Published: March 2019

Objectives:

Katakori is a Japanese term for non-specific symptoms including discomfort or dull pain caused by muscle stiffness around the neck through the shoulders and is one of the most frequently reported symptoms in Japan. However, there has been no standardized patient-reported outcome measure to evaluate Katakori severity. This study aimed to investigate the reporting level on validity and reliability of patient-reported outcome measures of Katakori severity.

Method:

A systematic search in ICHUSHI, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed was undertaken from inception to April 2017 without language limitations. Two authors independently undertook screening by inspecting the title and abstract. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) participants with Katakori symptoms, (2) reporting reliability or validity of questionnaire evaluating Katakori severity and (3) published journal articles. Studies that either of the authors retained through the screening process were inspected with full text by the two authors independently to examine eligibility of the study. Any disagreement on eligibility after full-text inspection was resolved by discussion between them. Methodological quality was rated with the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments checklist. Subsequently, the evidence level of each measurement property was assessed for each questionnaire. The two authors extracted data independently. Any disagreement was resolved by discussion between them.

Results:

Five questionnaires were identified in five studies. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and Scale for Measuring Felt Shoulder Stiffness had the highest level of methodological quality. However, excellent measurement properties were found in only two out of nine criteria. Furthermore, in particular, content validity was not investigated in any measure.

Conclusion:

There is preliminary evidence for the reliability and validity of the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and Scale for Measuring Felt Shoulder Stiffness; however, much further research is required. Identifying or developing a patient-reported outcome measure with content validity would be a future research agenda.
Delta neutrophil index as an early predictive marker of severe acute pancreatitis in the emergency department
Authors: Kim Tae Y , Kim Sun J , Kim Yoon S , Lee Jong W , Park Eung J , Lee Seok J , Lee Kyong J , Cha Yong S
Published: March 2019

Background

Predicting severe acute pancreatitis (AP) in the early clinical stage is important for low morbidity and mortality. Delta neutrophil index (DNI) is used to detect infection and inflammation, but no previous studies have evaluated the usefulness of DNI as an early predictor of progression to severe AP (SAP).

Methods

The medical records of patients who were diagnosed with AP at the emergency department (ED) of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from January 2012 to August 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. The initial DNI obtained in the ED was compared with other inflammatory markers to predict SAP. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis.

Results

Of the 209 cases included in the analysis, 13 were classified as SAP. Compared to the DNI of the mild to moderately SAP group, that in the SAP group was considerably higher. The DNI showed a positive correlation with the Atlanta classification and bedside index of severity in AP. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, DNI was an independent predictor of early SAP detection (odds ratio 1.122, 95% CI 1.045–1.205, p = 0.001). Among the biomarkers, DNI had the highest predictive value for SAP.

Conclusions

The DNI measured in the ED at presentation is a potentially useful adjunctive marker to predict SAP.
Friction, snake oil, and weird countries: Cybersecurity systems could deepen global inequality through regional blocking
Authors: Jonas Anne , Burrell Jenna
Published: March 2019

In this moment of rising nationalism worldwide, governments, civil society groups, transnational companies, and web users all complain of increasing regional fragmentation online. While prior work in this area has primarily focused on issues of government censorship and regulatory compliance, we use an inductive and qualitative approach to examine targeted blocking by corporate entities of entire regions motivated by concerns about fraud, abuse, and theft. Through participant-observation at relevant events and intensive interviews with experts, we document the quest by professionals tasked with preserving online security to use new machine-learning based techniques to develop a “fairer” system to determine patterns of “good” and “bad” usage. However, we argue that without understanding the systematic social and political conditions that produce differential behaviors online, these systems may continue to embed unequal treatments, and troublingly may further disguise such discrimination behind more complex and less transparent automated assessment. In order to support this claim, we analyze how current forms of regional blocking incentivize users in blocked regions to behave in ways that are commonly flagged as problematic by dominant security and identification systems. To realize truly global, non-Eurocentric cybersecurity techniques would mean incorporating the ecosystems of service utilization developed by marginalized users rather than reasserting norms of an imagined (Western) user that casts aberrations as suspect.
A new breast tomosynthesis imaging method: Continuous Sync-and-Shoot – technical feasibility and initial experience
Authors: Jousi Mikko O , Erkkilä Jukka , Varjonen Mari , Soiva Martti , Hukkinen Katja , Blanco Sequeiros Roberto
Published: March 2019

Background

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is gaining popularity in breast imaging. There are several different technical approaches for conducting DBT imaging.

Purpose

To determine optimal imaging parameters, test patient friendliness, evaluate the initial diagnostic performance, and describe diagnostic advances possible with the new Continuous Sync-and-Shoot method.

Material and Methods

Thirty-six surgical breast specimens were imaged with digital mammography (DM) and a prototype of a DBT system (Planmed Oy, Helsinki, Finland). We tested the patient friendliness of the sync-and-shoot movement without radiation exposure in eight volunteers. Different imaging parameters were tested with 20 specimens to identify the optimal combination: angular range 30°, 40°, and 60°; pixel binning; Rhodium (Rh) and Silver (Ag) filtrations; and different kV and mAs values. Two breast radiologists evaluated 16 DM and DBT image pairs and rated six different image properties. Imaging modalities were compared with paired t-test.

Results

The Continuous Sync-and-Shoot method produced diagnostically valid images. Five out of eight volunteers felt no/minimal discomfort, three experienced mild discomfort from the tilting movement of the detector, with the motion being barely recognized. The combination of 30°, Ag filtering, and 2 × 2 pixel binning produced the best image quality at an acceptable dose level. DBT was significantly better in all six evaluated properties ( P < 0.05). Mean DoseDBT/DoseDM ratio was 1.22 (SD = 0.42).

Conclusion

The evaluated imaging method is feasible for imaging and analysing surgical breast specimens and DBT is significantly better than DM in image evaluation.