bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney: Primary Source of Plasminogen after Acute Depletion in the Cat
Authors: Highsmith Robert F. , Kline Daniel L.
Published: October 2006

The kidney was the primary source of plasminogen to restore normal plasma levels, after acute plasminogen depletion was produced by injection of streptokinase in cats. The concentration of plasminogen in the hepatic vein remained below that in the artery during the time when concentrations in the artery and renal vein were returning to normal.
Differences in the Distribution of Catecholamine Varicosities in Cat and Rat Reticular Formation
Authors: Sladek John R.
Published: October 2006

The distribution of catecholamine varicosities within the brainstem reticular formation of the immature cat was determined by means of the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique. A continuous pattern of intense, green, medium-sized varicosities exists at nearly all brainstem levels. At most of these levels the varicosities appear within the boundaries of reticular formation nuclei. However, in rostral mesencephalon, some of the varicosities of the pattern lie in proximity to perikarya of the red nucleus. In addition, numerous varicosities in caudal medulla appear to extend from the pattern into nonreticular formation nuclei. A comparable pattern of reticular formation fluorescence is absent in the rat and this finding is believed to represent a true interspecies difference.
Juvenile Hormone Induces Vitellogenin Synthesis in the Monarch Butterfly
Authors: Pan M. L. , Wyatt G. R.
Published: October 2006

The vitellogenin (yolk protein) of the monarch butterfly has been identified by electrophoretic and immunochemical techniques. In freshly emerged female adults ligature of the neck prevents appearance of this protein in the hemolymph; it prevents yolk deposition and egg maturation as well. These processes are restored by injection of juvenile hormone; the restoration involves induction of vitellogenin synthesis, as shown by incorporation of [
3
H]leucine.
Ovulation Induced by Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone in the Hamster
Authors: Arimura Akira , Matsuo Hisayuki , Baba Yoshihiko , Schally Andrew V.
Published: October 2006

A synthetic decapeptide, corresponding to the chemical structure of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from porcine hypothalami, was tested for the induction of ovulation in golden hamsters that had previously been treated with phenobarbital to prevent spontaneous ovulation. Subcutaneous injection of 0.089 to 0.357 nanomole of this synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulated release of luteinizing hormone and induced ovulation.
Infectious Agent from a Free-Living Soil Amoeba,
Naegleria gruberi
Authors: Dunnebacke T. H. , Schuster F. L.
Published: October 2006

A subcellular infectious material has been found in a strain of the amoeba
Naegleria gruberi
, strain EG, which is capable of infecting chick embryo cells and causing them to undergo cytopathic changes with the release of more infectious material. The material is present in two lines of the amoeba which were separated shortly after the isolation of the strain and subsequently maintained in separate laboratories.
Marihuana: Standardized Smoke Administration and Dose Effect Curves on Heart Rate in Humans
Authors: Renault Pierre F. , Schuster Charles R. , Heinrich Richard , Freeman Daniel X.
Published: October 2006

A spirometer was used to deliver marihuana and placebo smoke to human subjects. This procedure produced linear dose-effect curves on heart rate and replicable dose effects in individual subjects. No differences were observed between experienced and inexperienced smokers in responsiveness to heart rate increases produced by marihuana.
Immunotherapy of Cancer: Immunospecific Rejection of Tumors in Recipients of Neuraminidase-Treated Tumor Cells Plus BCG
Authors: Simmons Richard L. , Rios Angelyn
Published: October 2006

Firmly established methylcholanthrene fibrosarcomas in syngeneic mice will totally disappear if the hosts are treated with living tumor cells that have been exposed to
Vibrio cholerae
neuraminidase in vitro. The effect is magnified by the simultaneous injection of a nonspecific immunostimulant, BCG. The rejection of the methylcholanthrene tumor is immunospecific and can be induced only with tumor cells, treated with
Vibrio cholerae
neuraminidase, identical in type with the growing tumor.
Social Setting: Influence on the Physiological Response to Electric Shock in the Rat
Authors: Williams R. B. , Eichelman B.
Published: October 2006

A significant fall in tail blood pressure occurs in paired rats after shock-induced aggression. Pressure returns to baseline levels within 4 hours after fighting. Conversely, single rats subjected to jump threshold measurements or to shocks identical to those used in the aggression paradigm show significant elevations in tail blood pressure. The size of the pressure increase in rats shocked alone appears dependent on the intensity of the shocks, while the pressure fall in rats shocked in pairs occurs over a broad range of shock intensities.
Herpesvirus Type 2 Isolated from Cervical Tumor Cells Grown in Tissue Culture
Authors: Aurelian Laure , Strandberg John D. , Melendez Luis V. , Johnson Lorna A.
Published: October 2006

A herpesvirus has been isolated from spontaneously degenerating cultures of cervical tumor cells grown in vitro. The virus was identified as a type 2 herpesvirus on the basis of biologic properties, including plaque morphology and microtubule formation in infected HEp-2 cells, and of immunologic specificity as determined by neutralization. Herpesvirus antigens and virus particles were not seen in duplicate cultures of viable cervical tumor cells.
Mutants with Abnormal Visual Pathways: An Explanation of Anomalous Geniculate Laminae
Authors: Guillery R. W. , Amorn C. Sitthi , Eighmy B. B.
Published: October 2006

Rats with geniculate laminae that run perpendicular to the lines of projection are described. Earlier reports of laminae parallel to the lines of projection were based on mammalian mutants that may be relatively common. In these mutants, the chiasmatic course of axons arising in a patch of retinal ganglion cells is wrongly specified.
Activation of Spontaneous Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Antigen by Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
Authors: Oldstone Michael B. A. , Aoki Tadao , Dixon Frank J.
Published: October 2006

Persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus activates a phenotypic expression of murine leukemia virus-related antigen. NZB and (NZB × NZW)F
1
mice, which normally carry large amounts of Gross virus, and C57BL/6 and NZW mice, which normally carry little virus, were infected with LCM virus. All had Gross soluble antigen in their plasmas at 3 months of age, while noninfected matched controls of all strains did not. This effect was seen after infection with LCM virus that was tissue passed or plaque purified. Similarly, cultures of mouse-embryo fibroblasts produced Gross soluble antigen when infected with LCM virus, but noninfected cultures failed to do so.
Current Physics Information
Authors: Koch H. William
Published: October 2006

A new concept in science communication will be given its first test in calendar year 1972. Primary and secondary contents of a selected subset of the world's journal literature in physics will be provided in a variety of output formats. Among them are a monthly microfilm containing the full texts of all articles in the set of journals (
Current Physics Microform
); an advance abstracts journal describing the articles (
Current Physics Advance Abstracts
); a printed, classified index of the titles of the articles (
Current Physics Titles
); and a computer tape index to the articles (Searchable Physics Information Notices).
Galactose Toxicity in the Chick: Hyperosmolality
Authors: Malone John I. , Wells Henry J. , Segal Stanton
Published: October 2006

Galactose-fed chicks have been found to develop severe hyperosmolar dehydration. Although biochemical abnormalities have been observed in the brain of the galactose-toxic chick, the observed physiologic alteration of serum osmolality could be the major factor responsible for the galactose toxicity syndrome in the chick.
The Great Race: Virus Find Awakens Hope for Sufferers
Authors: Wade Nicholas
Published: October 2006

A nationally celebrated team of scientists this week announced a discovery that may change the face of the 1973 budget now in preparation, and may even advance the frontiers of knowledge as well. Because of the dilatory schedule of academic journals (none of which could guarantee publication before the week after next), the scientists were obliged to publish their results in the form of a press release, together with high quality micrographs which were distributed to those attending the press conference. Following is a transcript of the press conference held this week at the Center for Duplicative Results.
Interaction of 3.9-Gev Nitrogen Ions with Matter
Authors: Schimmerling Walter , Vosburgh Kirby G. , Todd Paul W.
Published: October 2006

The interaction with matter of nitrogen ions in the 3.9-billion-electron-volt (Gev) beam of the Princeton Particle Accelerator has been studied. In polyethylene, the range of ions is 12.6 ± 0.2 grams per square centimeter and the mean free path for nuclear collisions is 15.4 ± 3.8 centimeters; the loss of energy by the ions passing through polyethylene agrees with that predicted by stopping-power theory. The production of secondary particles has been investigated. These data are useful for experiments and for evaluating the merits of nitrogen ions in biomedical application.
Prediction of the Spatial Distribution of Cell Survival in Heavy Ion Beams
Authors: Vosburgh Kirby G.
Published: October 2006

The possible use of heavy ion beams for biomedical applications was examined through calculations of the physical beam properties and the spatial distribution of cell survival. Range straggling, creation of secondary particles, electron pickup, and the effects of inhomogeneous absorbers were analyzed in terms of cell survival. Depth-survival plots for typical irradiations provide substantial encouragement for the investigation of these beams for biomedical applications in which localized tissue destruction is desired.
Spatial Distribution of Biological Effect in a 3.9-Gev Nitrogen Ion Beam
Authors: Todd Paul , Schroy Carter B. , Vosburgh Kirby G. , Schimmerling Walter
Published: October 2006

A beam of nitrogen ions obtained with the Princeton Particle Accelerator was used for the irradiation of Chinese hamster (M3-1) cells in monolayer culture. The 3.9-billion-electron-volt (Gev) beam passed along the monolayer, so that ions were stopped in the culture. A sharply defined zone of extensive cell destruction occurred in the last centimeter of the beam path.
Detection of an Antigen Associated with Acute Leukemia
Authors: Mann Dean L. , Rogentine G. Nicholas , Halterman Rober , Leventhal Brigid
Published: October 2006

Antiserums to a purified cell membrane component from a Burkitt's lymphoma tissue culture cell line were produced in rabbits. These antiserums were cytotoxic to peripheral white blood cells from 8 of 15 patients with acute leukemia and 5 of 41 relatives, but not to peripheral white blood cells from leukemia patients in clinical remission or from normal individuals. These antiserums appear to be detecting an acute leukemia associated antigen or antigens.
Visual and Auditory Inputs into the Cuneate Nucleus
Authors: Jabbur S. J. , Atweh S. F. , To'mey G. F. , Banna N. R.
Published: October 2006

Sound clicks or light flashes modify somatic sensory activity in the cuneate nucleus of the cat. The techniques of gross potential recording in the cuneate nucleus or medial lemniscal tract, of single unit recording in the cuneate nucleus, and of excitability testing of cuneate terminals demonstrate this heterosensory interaction.
Dielectric Siphons
Authors: Jones Thomas B. , Perry Michael P. , Melcher James R.
Published: October 2006

The normally weak polarization force density, exerted on insulating dielectric liquids by a nonuniform electric field, is enhanced if high pressures are used. The result is a new class of orientation and guiding structures for liquids: electric "walls" contain the liquid. The dielectric siphon is an example of such a system. A simple laminar flow model for the device successfully describes the operation of the siphon.
Ethanol Stimulates Triglyceride Synthesis by the Intestine
Authors: Carter Edward A. , Drummey Gladys D. , Isselbacher Kurt J.
Published: October 2006

In vivo ethanol given acutely or chronically by two dietary means resulted in significant increases in [1-
14
C]palmitate incorporation into triglyceride by intestinal slices or microsomes derived from intestinal slices. In vitro, 2.6 percent ethanol, an amount comparable to that found in the intestinal lumen of social drinkers, also resulted in significant increases in [1-
14
C]palmitate incorporation into triglyceride. Pyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, diminished the stimulatory effect of ethanol both in vivo and in vitro. These data may provide a new insight into the effects of alcohol, and specifically on the possible contribution of intestinal triglyceride synthesis to alcoholic hyperlipemia and the alcohol-induced fatty liver.
Nonspreading Crustal Blocks at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Authors: Bonatti Enrico , Honnorez José
Published: October 2006

Transverse ridges consisting of protrusions into crustal fractures of ultramafic bodies derived from the upper mantle exist at the intersection of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge with equatorial fracture zones. Shallow-water limestones containing detrital grains of quartz, microcline, and orthoclase 1 millimeter in diameter were found on the summit of one such transverse ultramafic body at the Vema Fracture Zone; these findings are explained on the assumption that the limestones were deposited within a narrow, shallow proto-Atlantic and were left behind during the further opening of the Atlantic. Transverse ultramafic bodies from the offset zones of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge behave as nonspreading blocks plastered between spreading crustal plates.
Chondrules in Apollo 14 Samples: Implications for the Origin of Chondritic Meteorites
Authors: King Elbert A. , Carman Max F. , Butler John C.
Published: October 2006

Chondrules have been observed in several breccia samples returned by the Apollo 14 mission. These lunar chondrules are believed to have formed during a large impact event, perhaps the one that formed the Imbrian Basin. This suggests that some meteoritic chondrules are also formed by impact processes such as crystallization after shock melting and abrasion and diffusion in base-surge and fall-back deposits generated by impacts on planetary surfaces.
Mechanism of Gonadotropin Action in Amphibia: Involvement of Mitochondria
Authors: Wiebe John P.
Published: October 2006

Luteinizing hormone (a pituitary gonadotropic hormone) stimulates Δ
5
-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the microsomal fraction of frog testes when incubated together with the mitochondria; incubation together with the nuclei instead of the mitochondria does not result in increased Δ
5
-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. The increase is not induced by adenosine triphosphate, it appears to be hormone-specific, and it is sensitive to puromycin and actinomycin D. These data suggest that the mitochondrial DNA may be involved in mediating the action of luteinizing hormone in amphibian steroidogenesis.
Sulfatide Synthesis: Inhibition by Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Serum
Authors: Fry June M. , Lehrer Gerard M. , Bornstein Murray B.
Published: October 2006

The rate of
35
S incorporation into cerebroside sulfate in cultures of embryo mouse spinal cord shows a rapid acceleration at the time of myelin formation. Exposure of cultures to dilute serum from rabbits with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis results in almost complete inhibition of sulfatide synthesis. Within 24 hours after replacement of inhibiting medium with normal medium there is an increase in sulfatide synthesis followed by myelination.
Geochemistry of Apollo 15 Basalt 15555 and Soil 15531
Authors: Schnetzler C. C. , Philpotts John A. , Nava David F. , Schuhmann Shuford , Thomas Herman H.
Published: October 2006

Major and trace element concentrations have been determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, colorimetry, and isotope dilution in Apollo 15 mare basalt 15555 from the Hadley Rille area; trace element concentrations have also been determined in plagioclase and pyroxene separates from basalt 15555 and in soil 15531 from the same area. Basalt 15555 most closely resembles in composition the Apollo 12 olivine-rich basalts. The concentrations of lithium, potassium, rubidium, barium, rare-earth elements, and zirconium in basalt 15555 are the lowest, and the negative europium anomaly is the smallest, reported for lunar basalts; this basalt might be the least differentiated material yet returned from the moon. Crystallization and removal of about 6 percent of plagioclase similar to that contained in the basalt would account for the observed europium anomaly; if plagioclase is not on the liquidus of this basalt, a multistage origin is indicated. Mineral data indicate that plagioclase and pyroxene approached quasi-equilibrium. Most of the chemical differences between basalt 15555 and soil 15531 would be accounted for if the soil were a mixture of 88 percent basalt, 6 percent KREEP (a component, identified in other Apollo soils, rich in potassium, rare-earth elements, and phosphorus) and 6 percent plagioclase (anorthosite?).
Age of a Lunar Anorthosite
Authors: Husain Liaquat , Schaeffer Oliver A. , Sutter John F.
Published: October 2006

The crystallization age of an Apollo 15 anorthosite rock, 15415,9, returned from the lunar highlands has been measured to be (4.09 ± 0.19) × 10
9
years. The primitive lunar crust must have been formed in the first 300 to 400 × 10
6
years. The results give some credence to the hypothesis that the primitive lunar surface was molten and large-scale fractional crystallization occurred in the early history of the moon.
Visibility and Soiling: A Comparison of the Effects of Leaded and Unleaded Gasolines
Authors: Pierrard John M.
Published: October 2006

The emissions from a fleet of late-model cars fueled with commercial, high-aromatic, unleaded gasoline caused nearly twice as much atmospheric light extinction as those from a matched fleet fueled with commercial, low-aromatic, leaded gasoline, when both were driven according to a consumer operating cycle in an idle traffic tunnel. The increased extinction and greater soiling potential result mainly from greater light absorption by the air-suspended particles from the unleaded fleet.
Aragonite Crystals within Codiacean Algae: Distinctive Morphology and Sedimentary Implications
Authors: Perkins Ronald D. , McKenzie Michael D. , Blackwelder Patricia Lurie
Published: October 2006

Morphologic studies of single crystals of aragonite within Codiacean algae reveal characteristic crystal forms produced by two distinctly different modes of calcification. Diagnostic serrated crystals (1 micrometer in length) of aragonite originating within the extracellular sheaths of capitular filaments are incorporated into modern lime sediments and may serve as effective tracers for particles of algal origin. Intracellular calcification within
Penicillus dumetosus
, previously unreported, is represented by doubly terminated aragonite crystals ranging in size from 48 to 160 micrometers.
Ovulation in Hamster: Induction by β Subunit of Ovine Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
Authors: Yang W. H. , Sairam M. R. , Papkoff Harold , Li Choh Hao
Published: October 2006

As little as 5 micrograms of interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH) or 20 micrograms of ICSH-β is effective for the induction of ovulation in 100 percent of hamsters treated at 0500 hours on day 4 after lordosis, whereas as much as 800 micrograms of ICSH-α is ineffective. Both ICSH and ICSH-β are also effective for induction of ovulation in hypophysectomized animals. Thus, the ovulation-inducing activity of the ICSH molecule resides in its β subunit.
Membrane Continuity between Plasmalemma and Nuclear Envelope in Spermatogenic Cells of
Blasia
Authors: Carothers Zane B.
Published: October 2006

Ultrastructural study of liverwort antheridia showed that the spherical nuclei of some late-stage androgonial cells lie close to or appressed to the cell walls. In some cells the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope curves toward the wall and continues without interruption around the cell periphery as the plasmalemma. Subject to its confirmation as a natural occurrence, this evidence appears to support Robertson's concept of cellular organization.
Neuronal Correlates of Eye Movements in the Visual Cortex of the Cat
Authors: Noda Hiroharu , Freeman R. B. , Creutzfeldt Otto D.
Published: October 2006

About 10 percent of the cells in the visual cortex of awake cats do not respond to stationary parallel stripes in any orientation or to stripes moving across the visual field in any direction at a moderate speed (up to 132 degrees per second), but these cells are either excited or inhibited during saccadic eye movements when the animal faces a patterned visual environment. Of nineteen such cells tested in total darkness, seven discharged in association with eye movements. For saccade-related discharges, the latency during retinal stimulation is typically shorter than the latency in total darkness.
Venus Clouds: A Dirty Hydrochloric Acid Model
Authors: Hapke Bruce
Published: October 2006

The spectral and polarization data for Venus are consistent with micrometer-sized aerosol cloud particles of hydrochloric acid with soluble and insoluble iron compounds, whose source could be volcanic or crustal dust. The yellow color of the clouds could be due to absorption bands in the near ultraviolet involving ferric iron and chlorine complexes. The ultraviolet features could arise from variations in the concentrations of iron and hydrochloric acid in the cloud particles.
Size Frequency Distribution of Martian Craters and Relative Age of Light and Dark Terrains
Authors: Woronow Alexander , King Elbert A.
Published: October 2006

Light and dark terrains in and around Meridiani Sinus, mapped on the imagery from Mariner 6 and Mariner 7, were found to have significantly different cumulative size frequency distributions of craters. The light terrain on a mosaic of frames 6N11, 6N13, and 6N19 has a greater proportion of large craters and a lesser proportion of smaller craters than the dark terrain on the same frames. The light terrain is interpreted to be generally older than the dark terrain. The filling or partial filling of the smaller craters on the light terrain by surface detritus is suggested. Several wide-angle frames have remarkably similar cumulative crater size frequency distributions that may be representative of a large portion of the martian surface.
Triiodothyronine: The 3′-Iodine Is Proximal to the α-Ring in Crystal Structure Conformation
Authors: Camerman Norman , Camerman Arthur
Published: October 2006

The crystal and molecular structure of the thyroid hormone L-triiodothyronine has been determined by x-ray diffraction. The two phenyl rings are almost perpendicular to each other, the acute angle between their normals being 82 degrees. The 3′-iodine is situated proximal to the α-ring, rather than distal as inferred from chemical studies. Theoretical calculations indicate this proximal conformation to be energetically favored over the distal one.
Rapid Increase of Phenylethanolamine
N
-Methyltransferase by Environmental Stress in an Inbred Mouse Strain
Authors: Claranello Roland D. , Dornbusch Jeffrey N. , Barchas Jack D.
Published: October 2006

The activity of phenylethanolamine
N
-methyltransferase in mice of the C57Bl/Ka strain was determined after a 4°C stress. The enzyme activity increased 1.2-fold at the end of 3 hours and by 1.4-fold by the end of 6 hours of the stress. The results are in contrast to those from other species with intact animals in which the enzyme changes only after several days of chronic stress. Cycloheximide prevents the rise in enzyme activity, suggesting the increase may be due to protein synthesis. The increase may provide a model system for studying regulation of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes.
Superconductivity of Double Chalcogenides: Li
x
Ti
1.1
S
2
Authors: Barz H. E. , Cooper A. S. , Corenzwit E. , Marezio M. , Matthias B. T. , Schmidt P. H.
Published: October 2006

Lithium titanium sulfides, Li
x
Ti
1.1
S
2
(0.1 <
x
≤ 0.3), become superconducting over the temperature range from 10° to 13°K. They have the hexagonal Ti
3
S
4
structure and should not be considered intercalation compounds. This is the first class of noncubic compounds with high transition temperatures.
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase in
Dictyostelium discoideum
: Interconversion of Two Enzyme Forms
Authors: Chassy Bruce M.
Published: October 2006

An extracellular cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase was isolated from either growing cultures or aggregating amoebas of
Dictyostelium discoideum
. The enzyme is released in a form with a low Michaelis constant (15 micromolar) and spontaneously undergoes a slow conversion to a less active form with a high Michaelis constant (2 millimolar). Inactivation was prevented or reversed by use of Cleland's reagent, dithiothreitol. The two enzyme forms may be part of a mechanism for control of concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate.
Tolerance to Sheep Red Cells: Breakage with Thymocytes and Horse Red Cells
Authors: Gershon Richard K. , Kondo Kazunari
Published: October 2006

Mice rendered tolerant to sheep red cells and then given normal thymocytes, made no antibody when immunized with these cells. When immunized with horse red blood cells, however, they made significant amounts of noncross-reacting antibody to sheep red blood cells. This suggests that antibody-making precursor cells (B cells) which are nontolerant but nonactivatable by specific antigen, may exist in tolerant hosts.
Synaptic Transmission Depressed by Colchicine Blockade of Axoplasmic Flow
Authors: Periśić M. , Cuénod M.
Published: October 2006

Colchicine, which inhibits axoplasmic transport and induces organelle alterations in nerve terminals, was injected intraocularly in pigeons. Electrical stimulation of the optic nerve yielded normal evoked potentials in retinotectal fibers, whereas postsynaptic responses recorded in the tectum were reduced. Postsynaptic depression suggests a deficit of synaptic transmission, presumably dependent on colchicine interference with migrating material.
Archeological Excavations in Jalisco, Mexico
Authors: Bell Betty
Published: October 2006

Recent archeological work in northeastern West Mexico has provided information about a previously unknown area and some evidence regarding its relationship with other parts of Mexico. An occupation as early as A.D. 100 is suggested.
Homology between Nucleic Acids of Blue-Green Algae and Chloroplasts of
Euglena gracilis
Authors: Pigott G. H. , Carr N. G.
Published: October 2006

Ribosomal RNA from several blue-green algae was hybridized to DNA from
Euglena gracilis
chloroplasts by the membrane filter procedure. This hydridization was competitive with chloroplast ribosomal RNA and indicates significant genetic homology between blue-green algae and plastids from
Euglena gracilis
.
System Approach for Reducing Car Pollution
Authors: Shinnar Reuel
Published: October 2006

Federal policy emphasizes more exacting specifications for new cars to combat pollution. Some doubts are cast on this approach, and alternatives are suggested. Ease of maintenance, high reliability, and inspection are essential to pollution control and must be provided for in the specifications. A total system approach to reduce car pollution is outlined.
Digitonin Effects on Photoreceptor Adenylate Cyclase
Authors: Bitensky M. W. , Gorman R. E. , Miller W. H.
Published: October 2006

Adenylate cyclase is described in a number of photoreceptor membranes. Vertebrate rod outer segments contain light-regulated cyclase, and light regulation is abolished by digitonin. Disruption of microvilli in cone and rhabdom photoreceptors is also associated with loss of light regulation and retention of full enzymic activity. The data suggest that inhibitory constraint provides regulation in cyclase systems and that disruption of membrane structure uncouples catalytic and regulatory elements.
Nimbus IV View of the Major Structural Features of Alaska
Authors: Lathram Ernest H.
Published: October 2006

Notwithstanding the relatively low degree of ground resolution, many of the major structural features of Alaska can be identified on the Nimbus IV IDCS image, exposed at an altitude of 600 nautical miles (1100 km). In addition, linears of regional extent that may be structurally controlled can be seen, many of which have not yet been recognized in surface mapping. The synoptic view provided by the image brings into focus an orthogonal set of fractures trending north-northeast and east-southeast and not heretofore apparent in regional maps of Alaska. This orthogonal fracture set may reflect a conjugate set of fractures within the crust, which has exerted significant control over the geologic history of the state. Increased resolution in other images from space platforms, such as the resolution of 200 to 650 feet (60 to 200 m) planned for the satellite television cameras of the ERTS program, will permit the discernment of finer detail and a greater accuracy in identifying and locating geologic features.
Response Decrements in the Cochlear Nucleus of Decerebrate Cats during Repeated Acoustic Stimulation
Authors: Humphrey Gordon L. , Buchwald Jennifer S.
Published: October 2006

In the cochlear nucleus of decerebrate, paralyzed cats, multiple-unit responses to an acoustic stimulus showed significant decrements when the stimulus was repeatedly presented once every 5 seconds. These decrements developed in the absence of peripheral receptor adaptation. The responses recovered to the level prior to stimulation when stimulation was withheld for 5 to 10 minutes. Dishabituation by somatic stimulation of the forepaw, however, was less effective than in the intact cat. The continued development of response decrements after strychnine blockade of peripheral olivocochlear influences and central postsynaptic inhibition suggests a mechanism of decreased synaptic effectiveness, which has previously been postulated for neuronal habituation in brainstem and spinal cord.
Human Motor Cortex: Sensory Input Data from Single Neuron Recordings
Authors: Goldring Sidney , Ratcheson Robert
Published: October 2006

Recordings were made from single neurons in the hand area of the human motor cortex while peripheral physiologic stimuli were applied. Such cells responded only to active and passive hand movements. Tactile and auditory (click) stimuli were ineffective. The majority of cells were activated only by movements of the contralateral hand, but a significant number (4 of 16) could be excited if a given movement was made by either hand. Of the cells responding to active movement, some showed an increased discharge before onset of the voluntary action. Such cells were excited by the same movement executed passively, a result that indicates sensory feedback from receptors activated by that movement.
Mating Behavior and Life Habits of the Sweet-Bay Silk Moth (
Callosamia carolina
)
Authors: Brown Larry N.
Published: October 2006

The mating activity of the sweet-bay silk moth (
Callosamia carolina
) was confined to the midday period between 10 a. m. and 3 p. m. The closely related tulip-tree silk moth (
Callosamia angulifera
), with which
Callosamia carolina
is often confused, is entirely nocturnal. Reproductive isolation between these sibling species is most probably geared to these differences in circadian activity. Larvae of
Callosamia carolina
thrived only on the leaves of
Magnolia virginiana
, upon which the species was double-brooded annually.
Genetic Control of Lactate Dehydrogenase Expression in Mammalian Tissues
Authors: Glass Richard D. , Doyle Darrell
Published: October 2006

The amount of lactate dehydrogenase isozyme 4 in erythrocytes of mice is controlled by alleles at the
Ldr-1
locus. The A subunits of lactate dehydrogenase from erythrocytes deficient in isozyme 4 cannot assemble in vitro with B subunits to form active isozyme. The inability to form hybrid enzyme is not due to a mutation in the structural gene for the A polypeptide. Rather, a factor that is bound to the A subunits of erythrocytes restricts free exchange with B subunits.
Biodegradation of Nitrilotriacetic Acid and Related Imino and Amino Acids in River Water
Authors: Warren Craig B. , Malec Edward J.
Published: October 2006

With a gas chromatography procedure capable of quantitatively detecting nitrilotriacetic acid,
N
-methyliminodiacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, sarcosine, and glycine at concentrations of 0.025 milligram per liter, it was shown that these compounds were biodegraded by river water. In particular, nitrilotriacetic acid was degraded without the accumulation of any of the amino acids mentioned above or the appearance of any new peaks in the gas chromatography analysis.
Interactions of Immunoglobulins G and M in the Detection of the Mammalian C-Type Virus Cross-Reactive Antigen
Authors: Oroszlan Stephen , Bova David , Toni Robert , Gilden Raymond V.
Published: October 2006

The mammalian C-type tumor viruses share an antigenic determinant, gs-3, located on the major internal polypeptide of the virion. Detection of this determined in gel diffusion assays by antiserums prepared in rats by immunization with rat tumor homogenates carrying murine virus and serums prepared in a rabbit by immunization with purified murine gs antigen depended on antibodies present in the fractions containing immunoglobulins M and G. The immunoglobulin G fraction by itself precipitated only the homologous murine antigen. Neither fraction alone precipitated heterologous (cat, rat, or hamster) antigen (definition of the gs-3 reaction), while a mixture of the two fractions did. The gs-3 reaction was eliminated by treatment of the serums with β-mercaptoethanol, also indicating a requirement for immunoglobulin M antibodies.
Deficiency of α-L-Fucosidase
Authors: Patel Vimalkumar , Watanabe Itaru , Zeman Wolfgang
Published: October 2006

A new form of α-L-fucosidase deficiency has been found in a 20-year-old severely retarded male. Additional signs include angiokeratoma corporis diffusum and anhydrosis. The skin lesion is due to an accumulation of residual bodies, presumably containing oligosaccharides and glycoproteins, in endothelial cells and fibrocytes. The enzyme activity in blood relatives indicates that the disease is inherited as a simple autosomal recessive trait that segregates according to Mendelian principles. Because the enzyme activity in the heterozygotes was consistently below that of normal controls, the carriers of the trait in this family could be ascertained.
Crystal Structure of Ethylene Di-11-bromoundecanoate
Authors: Dorset Douglas L. , Hybl Albert
Published: October 2006

Ethylene di-11-bromoundecanoate, C
24
H
44
Br
2
O
4
, was synthesized as a model for the hydrophobic moiety of saturated phospholipids. The crystals are monoclinic, space group
P
2
1
/
a
, with two molecules per unit cell. Unlike folded configurations proposed for phospholipids in biological membranes, the hydrocarbon chains of this diester are fully extended in the crystalline state.
Unit Responses to Moving Visual Stimuli in the Motor Cortex of the Cat
Authors: Teyler Timothy J. , Shaw Christopher , Thompson Richard F.
Published: October 2006

Neurons in the pericruciate cortex of the cat were tested with moving visual stimuli for responses to specific properties of the visual receptive field. Specific response patterns were shown by cells of origin of the pyramidal tract as well as by other cells.
Plutonium-244 Fission Tracks: Evidence in a Lunar Rock 3.95 Billion Years Old
Authors: Hutcheon I. D. , Price P. B.
Published: October 2006

Tracks attributed to the spontaneous fission of plutonium-244 and of uranium-238 were detected in a large whitlockite crystal in the lunar breccia 14321 from the Fra Mauro formation. For a track-retention age of 3.95 ± 10
9
years the number of plutonium tracks relative to the number of uranium tracks is 0.51 ± 0.15, provided that the rock was not heavily neutron-irradiated 3.95 × 10
9
years ago.
Specific Inhibition of Plaque Formation to Phosphorylcholine by Antibody against Antibody
Authors: Cosenza Humberto , Köhler Heinz
Published: October 2006

Spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with heat-killed rough pneumococci (strain R36A) or spleen cells from normal mice immunized in vitro with the same antigen produce direct hemolytic plaques against sheep erythrocytes coated with pneumococcal C polysaccharide or conjugated with phosphorylcholine. Formation of plaques is specifically inhibited by phosphorylcholine or by antiserum to mouse immunoglobulin A myeloma protein which binds phosphorylcholine. Thus, the myeloma proteins and normal BALB/c antibodies share similar idiotypic determinants. This experimental system is suitable for probing the role of the antigen receptor in the immune response.
Photoreversible Pigment: Occurrence in a Blue-Green Alga
Authors: Scheibe Joseph
Published: October 2006

A new photoreversible pigment has been isolated from the blue-green alga
Tolypothrix tenuis
. This pigment bears certain resemblances to phytochrome, except that absorption maxima for the two forms are in the green and red portions of the spectrum instead of the red and far-red. The pigment may control diverse differentiative processes in blue-green algae.
Peyote Alkaloids: Identification in the Mexican Cactus
Pelecyphora aselliformis
Ehrenberg
Authors: Neal J. M. , Sato P. T. , Howald W. N. , McLaughlin J. L.
Published: October 2006

Hordenine, anhalidine, pellotine, 3-demethyltrichocereine, mescaline, 3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine, and the
N
-monomethyl derivatives of mescaline and 3,4-dimethoxy-β-phenethylamine have been isolated or identified, or both, in alkaloid extracts of a Mexican "peyote" cactus,
Pelecyphora aselliformis
Ehrenberg. This is the first report of the occurrence of some of these alkaloids, including mescaline, in a North American cactus other than
Lophophora
.
Melanophore Stimulating Hormone: Release Inhibition by Ring Structures of Neurohypophysial Hormones
Authors: Hruby Victor J. , Smith Clark W. , Bower Annette , Hadley Mac E.
Published: October 2006

Tocinamide and tocinoic acid, ring structures of oxytocin, are potent inhibitors of the release of melanophore stimulating hormone from the rat and hamster pituitary in vitro. Tocinamide is effective at concentrations as low as 10
-14
M
on the mammalian pituitary. These peptides do not affect release of the hormone on the frog (
Rana pipiens
) pars intermedia, but they do inhibit release in the bullfrog (
Rana catesbeiana
) and the toad (
Bufo marinus
). The specificity of the peptides on inhibition of the hormone is demonstrated by the fact that oxytocin, lysine vasopressin, and pressinoic acid and pressinamide (ring structures of the vasopressins) do not show such inhibitory activity. Hypothalamic extracts of either the frog (
Rana pipiens
) or the rat inhibit release of the hormone from pituitaries of either species. The inhibitory effects of tocinamide and tocinoic acid, like that of hypothalamic extracts, are reversible.
Histological Changes in Lobsters (
Homarus americanus
) Exposed to Yellow Phosphorus
Authors: Aiken D. E. , Byard E. H.
Published: October 2006

An industrial discharge of yellow phosphorus killed fish and crustaceans in Long Harbor, Placentia Bay, Newfoundland, in 1969. During subsequent toxicity studies various organs from lobsters killed by exposure to suspensions of yellow phosphorus were examined for histological damage. Antennal gland and hepatopancreas both showed degenerative changes, and cellular damage in the latter was extensive.
Open Channels in Sea Ice (Leads) as Ion Sources
Authors: Scott William D. , Levin Zev
Published: October 2006

Open channels in sea ice may be acting as sources of atmospheric ions.
Gene Differences between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese Populations
Authors: Nei Masatoshi , Roychoudhury Arun K.
Published: October 2006

The numbers of gene (codon) differences per locus between two randomly chosen genomes within and between Caucasian, Negro, and Japanese populations have been estimated from gene frequency data for protein loci. The estimated number of gene differences between individuals from different populations is only slightly greater than the number between individuals from the same population.
Dopamine: Mediator of Brain Polysome Disaggregation after L-Dopa
Authors: Weiss Bette F. , Munro Hamish N. , Ordonez Luis A. , Wurtman Richard J.
Published: October 2006

The disaggregation of brain polysomes which is produced by giving large doses of L-dopa to rats is not reproduced by administering its metabolite, 3-
O
-methyldopa, by giving D-dopa, which also depletes the brain of
S
-adenosylmethionine but is not converted to catecholamines, or by giving the L-dopa after a decarboxylase inhibitor. Polysome disaggregation is potentiated by the prior administration of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, indicating that formation of a catecholamine is an obligatory requirement. These observations suggest that the mechanism by which L-dopa disaggregates brain polysomes involves its conversion to dopamine within the majority of brain cells.
Axonal Transport of Gangliosides in the Goldfish Optic Nerve
Authors: Forman David S. , Ledeen Robert W.
Published: October 2006

Radioactive glucosamine and
N
-acetylmannosamine injected into the goldfish eye are incorporated into gangliosides that undergo rapid axonal transport to the optic nerve terminals. All ganglioside fractions are labeled. These data provide the first evidence that axonal transport has a role in neuronal ganglioside function and metabolism.
Synthetic Scotophobin in Goldfish: Specificity and Effect on Learning
Authors: Bryant Rodney C. , Santos Nelson N. , Byrne William L.
Published: October 2006

Synthetic rat scotophobin was injected intracranially into common goldfish (
Carassius auratus
) which were then trained to avoid light or dark. The substance interacts with the learning process in goldfish in an apparently specific way, facilitating the acquisition of dark avoidance, a task homologous with that acquired by rats from which the natural peptide was isolated, while inhibiting acquisition of light avoidance.
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide and Stimulus Generalization: Rate-Dependent Effects
Authors: Dykstra Linda A. , Appel James B.
Published: October 2006

A stimulus generalization procedure was used to investigate the effects of LSD on sensitivity to auditory stimuli in rats. The shape of the generalization gradient was changed after administration of the drug only with a dose which produced decreases in relatively high rates of responding.
Facilitation of the Long-Term Store of Memory with Strychnine
Authors: Alpern Herbert P. , Crabbe John C.
Published: October 2006

Female mice (C57BL/6 strain), repeatedly administered strychnine sulfate for 10 days after exposure to a six-unit maze, showed significantly improved learning when trained again. This facilitation effect was not due to overall enhancement of learning ability and could not be attributed to retrograde facilitation of consolidation processes.
DNA Polymerases from RNA Tumor Viruses and Human Cells: Inhibition by Polyuridylic Acid
Authors: Abrell John W. , Smith R. Graham , Robert Marjorie S. , Gallo Robert C.
Published: October 2006

Polyuridylic acid inhibited DNA polymerases purified from three species of oncornaviruses as well as three out of seven DNA polymerases purified from cells. Viral and cellular DNA polymerases could not be distinguished by polyuridylic acid inhibition, but were easily distinguished by their template preferences in the presence of magnesium.
Membrane Permeability: Cation Selectivity Reversibly Altered by Salicylate
Authors: Levitan Herbert , Barker Jeffery L.
Published: October 2006

The effect of salicylate on the relative cation permeability of a membrane was investigated in large, identified molluscan neurons, with the use of intracellular recording techniques. Salicylate caused a reversible, dose-dependent decrease in the permeability of rubidium, cesium, sodium, and lithium ions relative to that of potassium ions. The results suggest that the changes in cation selectivity result from the adsorption of salicylate anions to the membrane with a subsequent increase in the density and field strength of anionic sites in the membrane.
Cytotoxic Antibody in Normal Human Serums Reactive with Tumor Cells from Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Bias Wilma B. , Santos George W. , Burke Philip J. , Mullins Gordon M. , Humphrey Richard L.
Published: October 2006

Serums showing complement-dependent cytotoxic reactions to acute lymphocytic leukemia cells were detected in three normal unimmunized subjects. These serums were reactive with tumor cells from 514 (514 tested) acute lymphocytic leukemia patients, and three (12 tested) patients with acute myelocytic leukemia; they did not react with tumor cells from patients with acute monocytic leukemia (two tested), with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (two tested) or with leukolymphosarcoma (two tested); nor did they react with normal lymphocytes from 52 different donors. These reactive serums appear to recognize antigens primarily associated with acute lymphocytic leukemia.
Coherin: A New Peptide of the Bovine Neurohypophysis with Activity on Gastrointestinal Motility
Authors: Goodman Irving , Hiatt Robert B.
Published: October 2006

A factor with potent activity in the regulation of mammalian gastrointestinal motor function has been isolated from the bovine posterior pituitary gland by a process allowing minimal dissociation of neurophysin-bound complexes and the separation of free unbound peptides. This substance alters the frequency, amplitude, rhythm, and duration of peristaltic contraction.
Superheated Ice: True Compression Fractures and Fast Internal Melting
Authors: Knight Charles A. , Knight Nancy C.
Published: October 2006

Internal melt figures can be nucleated in ice without the presence of a vapor bubble. Their form and growth are fracture-like, different from the normal Tyndall stars, which do contain vapor bubbles. Normal Tyndall figures that grow rapidly are not oriented in the basal plane, and very rapid internal melting gives a peculiar, systematic growth of clouds of Tyndall figures.
Prolonged Survival of Second Human Kidney Transplants
Authors: Opelz Gerhard , Mickey Max R. , Terasaki Paul I.
Published: October 2006

Rejection of kidney transplants in 264 patients, followed by retransplantation from cadaver donors, resulted in a 1-year survival rate of 51 ± 3 percent (rate ± standard error) as compared to 51 ± 1 percent for first transplants. If the first transplant immunizes the patient or is rejected by immunologically responsive patients, second grafts into the same patients would be expected to be rejected at a higher rate. Only those reject who reject first grafts hyperacutely or between 1 to 3 months were found to have low second graft survival rates. Patients who rejected transplants after 3 months tended to have second transplant survival rates which were higher than their first graft survival rates.
Mitochondrial Polyriboadenylate Polymerase: Relative Lack of Activity in Hepatomas
Authors: Jacob Samson T. , Schindler Daniel G. , Morris Harold P.
Published: October 2006

An enzyme that polymerizes adenylate residues from adenosine triphosphate was prepared from rat liver mitochondria and compared to similar preparations from the mitochondria of three hepatomas. Enzyme activity in the hepatomas was only 1 to 2 percent of that in normal liver.