bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Organizational climate best practices: Empirical evidence from the UAE
Authors: Behery Mohamed , Abdallah Salam
Published: August 2019

The present study is a modest attempt to bridge the gap between the rich western theories and the under-researched eastern contexts, namely UAE and to deeply explore the organizational practices and the quality of work-life using the Status-Certainty-Autonomy-Relatedness-Fairness (SCARF) construct. In this study, we first present the five core values that make up the SCARF model. This model is then used as the research lens for studying organizational practices. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews relating to the perceptions of nine managers from seven organizations. The data were analyzed and discussed qualitatively using an explanatory matrix with the assistance of a qualitative data analysis (QDA) computer software package, called NVIVO software Version 9. We examined the effectiveness of these five values empirically to gain insight into organizational practices in the context of the UAE. An explanatory matrix emerged from the data that gives deep insights into organizational practices and to provide a structured explanation on these prevailing practices. The matrix also serves as the foundation of a theoretical model that could be used in future research to assess the quality of organizational practices. The study may be considered the first in the UAE to discuss workplace practices and the quality of work life. The main contribution of this study was the use of the SCARF model to investigate organizational practices and the use of dimensional analysis to derive and construct a theoretical model.
Sanksi Pidana Pembunuhan Dalam Hukum Pidana Indonesia dan Hukum Pidana Islam Sebagai Kontribusi Bagi Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Indonesia
Authors: Ishaq Ishaq
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini menjelaskan bahwa pembunuhan di dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan hukum pidana Islam merupakan perbuatan yang dilarang dan diberikan sanksi. Sanksi pidana pembunuhan di dalam hukum pidana bervariasi, dan tergantung kepada pasal-pasal mana yang dilanggar dalam KitabUndang-Undang Hukum Pidana tersebut. Misalnya, diancam pidana penjara 15 tahun, seumur hidup, atau selamanya 20 tahun. Disamping itu, ada juga yang diancam dengan pidana penjara 12 tahun, 9 tahun, 7tahun, 5 tahun, dan 4 tahun. Sedangkan sanksi pidanapembunuhan dalam hukum pidana Islam adalah qishash. Namun, dalam hal qishash ini, jika keluarga korban memaafkan pelaku pembunuhan, maka sanksiqishash tidak berlaku dan beralih menjadi sanksi diyat.
PERUBAHAN SOSIAL DAN PERGESERAN FUNGSI FATWA
Authors: Nugroho Bambang Husni
Published: August 2019

Tulisan ini mengajukan argumen bahwa fatwa adalah sebuah variabel yang rentan terpengaruh oleh perubahan sosial yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Fleksibilitas fatwa dalam menyesuaikan diri membuat fatwa memiliki beragam fungsi dalam penggunaannya. Selain sebagai penjawab pertanyaan umat, fatwa terkadang dijadikan alat untuk mendukung kebijakan-kebijakan penguasa, utamanya ketika institusi produsen fatwa adalah lembaga yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah. Dalam kondisi seperti itu, institusi tersebut menjadi lebih akomodatif dan—dalam batas-batas tertentu—beradaptasi dengan kebijakan penguasa, kendati itu berarti menyelisihi kesarîhan ayat Alquran.
TEORI REKAPITULASI PERILAKU HOMOSEKSUAL DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Karolina Asri
Published: August 2019

Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang teori rekapitulasi perilaku homoseksual baik dari pengulangan sejarah kaum Nabi Luth di masa sekarang dan akan datang serta perilaku homoseksual dalam perspektif hukum Islam. Adapun perspektif yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini yaitu perspektif hukum yang hukum Islam akan menindak tegas para pelaku yang melanggar ketentuan dan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan berdasarkan nash Alquran dan Hadis. Hasil tulisan ini menjelaskan bahwa fenomena homoseksual dalam perjalanan sejarah keislaman sebenarnya telah terjadi pada kaum Nabi Luth yang disebut kaum Sadum. Salah satu bukti pengulangan kisah kaum Nabi Luth yaitu Pompeii, yang merupakan simbol dari degradasi akhlaq yang dialami kekaisaran Romawi, adalah pusat perzinaan dan homoseks. Selain itu, fenomena kaum homoseksual kembali muncul di New York dengan disahkannya undang-undang pernikahan sejenis. Ini menunjukkan. Dengan kata lain, rekapitulasi sejarah perilaku homoseksual yang dilakukan kaum Nabi Luth telah terjadi pada masa yang  lampau, kini juga dilakukan oleh generasi masa sekarang dan secara implisit ada kemungkinan terjadi di masa yang akan datang.Islam sangat melarang keras perilaku homoseksual karena memiliki dampak negatif dan merupakan dosa besar. Allah telah menjelaskan dalam nash Alquran dan hadis tentang kisah azab bagi kaum Nabi Luth yang melakukan perilaku homoseksual.
Istri Wajib Memberikan Nafkah Kepada Suami: Tradisi Adat Sari Galuh Perspektif Hukum Islam
Authors: Hasbi Muhammad Amirul , Mat Hussin Mohd Norhusairi bin , Abdullah Raihanah
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini meneliti tentang tradisi adat Sari Galuh yang berkaitan dengan fungsi seorang istri yang memiliki kewajiban memberikan nafkah kepada suami. Masyarakat adat Sari Galuh menganut sistem matrilinal yang mangatur hak dan kedudukan suami berada di bawah pengaruh istri dan kerabatnya. Atas dasar inilah seorang istri berkewajiban memberikan nafkah kepada suami dan anak-anak mereka, dan segala keperluan rumah tangga ditanggung oleh seorang istri dan suami hanya bertanggung jawab untuk mengurus rumah tangga. Hal tersebut bertentangan dengan kesepakatan jumhur ulama dan UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 bahwa yang berkewajiban mencari nafkah adalah seorang suami bukan istri
Perbandingan Sanksi Pidana Pencurian Dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan Hukum Pidana Islam
Authors: Ishaq Ishaq
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan sanksi pidana pencurian dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana dan hukum pidana Islam. Metode yang dipergunakan adalah deskriptif analisis. Sumber datanya adalah data sekunder berupa kitab fiqhi jinayah, tafsir alqur’an, hadits, Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Sanksi pidana pencurian dalam KUHP ada 3 bulan, 5 tahun, 7 tahun, 9 tahun, 12 tahun, 15 tahun, seumur hidup, 20 tahun, atau pidana mati. tergantung pasal-pasal pencurian yang dilanggar. Sedangkan sanksi pidana pencurian di dalam hukum pidana Islam adalah potong tangan, jika pelakunya telah balig, berakal, dan jumlah barang yang dicuri seharga seperempat Dinar, diambil dari tempat yang terjaga dan bukan miliknya.
Сортоиспытание льна-долгунца в подтаежной зоне Омской области
Authors: Мансапова Альбина Ивановна , Горбова Марина Анатольевна , Храмов Сергей Юрьевич
Published: August 2019

Сорт в производстве льнопродукции играет основную роль, так как именно сортовые свойства определяют технологию возделывания льна на волокно. Внедрение современных раннеспелых, высокопродуктивных, устойчивых к полеганию сортов, а также выращивание сортов разных групп спелости является одним из наиболее доступных и эффективных факторов увеличения производства и повышения качества продукции. Исследования проводили в 2015 – 2018 гг. на опытном поле, расположенном в подтаёжной зоне Омской области. Почва опытного участка — серая лесная, оподзоленная, тяжелосуглинистая. В опыте проводили сравнительное изучение 7 сортов льна-долгунца томской селекции — Томский 16 (стандарт), Томский 17, Томский 18, ТОСТ 4, ТОСТ 5, Памяти Крепкова и Томич. В среднем за 4 года урожайность льняной соломы по сортам составила 3,20 – 3,98 т/га, урожайность семян — 0,49 – 0,62 т/га. Максимальной урожайностью и высоким качеством льнопродукции среди сортов томской селекции отличался среднеспелый сорт ТОСТ 5, у которого фаза ранней жёлтой спелости наступила через 80 суток после всходов. Урожайность льносоломы этого сорта составила 3,98 т/га с № 2,0, что превышает стандарт Томский 16 на 0,49 т/га, урожайность семян — на 0,61 т/га. Из группы раннеспелых сортов наибольшая урожайность и высокое качество льносоломы отмечено у сортов Томский 18 и Памяти Крепкова — соответственно 3,51 – 3,52 т/га с № 2,0. Масса 1000 семян составила по сортам 4,7 – 4,9 г, лабораторная всхожесть — от 93 до 98 %.
Using a Text-as-Data Approach to Understand Reform Processes: A Deep Exploration of School Improvement Strategies
Authors: Sun Min , Liu Jing , Zhu Junmeng , LeClair Zachary
Published: August 2019

Although program evaluations using rigorous quasi-experimental or experimental designs can inform decisions about whether to continue or terminate a given program, they often have limited ability to reveal the mechanisms by which complex interventions achieve their effects. To illuminate these mechanisms, this article analyzes novel text data from thousands of school improvement planning and implementation reports from Washington State, deploying computer-assisted techniques to extract measures of school improvement processes. Our analysis identified 15 coherent reform strategies that varied greatly across schools and over time. The prevalence of identified reform strategies was largely consistent with school leaders’ own perceptions of reform priorities via interviews. Several reform strategy measures were significantly associated with reductions in student chronic absenteeism and improvements in student achievement. We finally discuss the opportunities and pitfalls of using novel text data to study reform processes.
Cerritos en Brasil. Pensando en los montículos de la costa y tierra adentro del estado de Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Garcia Anderson Marques
Published: August 2019

En Brasil, el uso del término Cerrito se adoptó tradicionalmente en Rio Grande do Sul para designar fenómenos arqueológicos que se presentan en diferentes paisajes, atribuidos por el Programa Nacional de Investigación Arqueológica (PRONAPA) como materiales de la tradición ceramista de Vieira, clasificados como los cuatro fases posteriores (Cerritos, Vieira, Torotama e Ibirapuitã) de la tradición Umbu, relacionadas con los cazadores-recolectores. La clasificación en fases y tradiciones para este contexto parece haberse agrupado dentro de los sitios de la misma denominación de distintos grupos sociales, bajo la premisa de que los Cerritos costeros serían construcciones posteriores de cazadores-recolectores en el interior, dando como resultado generalizaciones hacia los sitios monticulares. Con la excepción de la investigación reciente realizada en el suroeste de la Laguna dos Patos, se ha avanzado poco en el estudio de Cerritos en Brasil después del final de PRONAPA. Con el fin de investigar la hipótesis de la existencia de diferentes especificidades en el territorio actual de Rio Grande do Sul, buscamos comprender las particularidades entre los Cerritos costeros e interiores, cómo se produjo la creación de las tradiciones de Umbu y Vieira, y cuáles fueron sus consecuencias para el estudio de estas estructuras.
Entre cuñas, tablillas y escribas: la materialidad de los paisajes funerarios en Mesopotamia durante la Tercera Dinastía de Ur
Authors: Cabrera Rodrigo
Published: August 2019

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo el análisis de la espacialidad funeraria durante la Tercera Dinastía de Ur (2110-2003 a.C.) en la Baja Mesopotamia a partir de los postulados teóricos de los llamados estudios sobre la materialidad en Arqueología –los cuales plantean la superación de la dialéctica sujeto/objeto– y también consideraremos la perspectiva semiótica peirciana, que nos permitirá entender cómo las fuentes disponibles (tablillas de arcilla y estructuras de enterramiento) podrían ser abordadas desde una mirada ya no dicotómica, sino triádica. La discusión sobre las tablillas cuneiformes no sólo como portadoras de mensajes –en nuestro caso, textos administrativos– resulta transcendental en la reconstrucción de los paisajes funerarios mesopotámicos. Nos interesa analizar el rol de las denominadas “capillas funerarias” en la reconfiguración administrativa/política durante la Tercera Dinastía de Ur, momento en el que el palacio se apropió de los dispositivos de control de los templos. Asimismo, las capillas funerarias supusieron el fortalecimiento de vínculos entre los muertos de la elite (antepasados), los bienes depositados en su honor (ofrendas funerarias) y el emplazamiento de lugares evocativos. En suma, las capillas funerarias señalaron la realización de prácticas rituales, la cimentación política de la elite palaciega emergente y la monumentalización del paisaje funerario.
A European party with all-American technology: The case of DiEM25.
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: August 2019

Raw research on a European party’s use of technologies. Results : 0%European – based on their own information. Recommendations are given.An exemplary case, only.
BAHAN DOWNLOAD
Authors: Syaadah Laily
Published: August 2019

BAHAN DOWNLOAD KIMIA
SOAL UH VEKTOR
Authors: Melia Selfia
Published: August 2019

soal ulangan harian tentang vektor
kesadaran siswa dalam pembelajaran pkn
Authors: NOVIA YENTI
Published: August 2019

Artikel kesadaran siswa dalam pembelaran pkn
RPP senyawa karbon integrasi
Authors: Syaadah Laily , Zorif
Published: August 2019

RPP untuk Senyawa Karbon
Kelompok 2 Review Artikel Development of Tourism and Creative Economy In Indonesia
Authors: S Ni Nyoman Ressy
Published: August 2019

Review Artikel, Tugas Perekonomian Indonesia
Eavesdropping on Missing Data: What Are University Students Doing When They Miss Experience Sampling Reports?
Authors: Sun Jessie , Rhemtulla Mijke , Vazire Simine
Published: August 2019

Participants in experience sampling method (ESM) studies are “beeped” several times per day to report on their momentary experiences—but participants do not always answer the beep. Knowing whether there are systematic predictors of missing a report is critical for understanding the extent to which missing data threatens the validity of inferences from ESM studies. Here, 228 university students completed up to four ESM reports per day while wearing an unobtrusive audio recording device for a week. These audio recordings provided an alternative source of information about what participants were doing when they missed or completed reports (3,678 observations). We predicted missing ESM reports from 46 variables coded from the EAR recordings, and found very little evidence that missing an ESM report was correlated with constructs typically of interest to ESM researchers. These findings provide reassuring evidence for the validity of ESM research among relatively healthy university student samples.
The time-course of moral perception: An electroencephalography investigation
Authors: Gantman Ana P. , Devraj-Kizuk Sayeed , Mende-Siedlecki Peter , Van Bavel Jay Joseph , Mathewson Kyle Elliott
Published: August 2019

Humans are highly attuned to perceptual cues about their values. A growing body of evidence suggests that people selectively attend to moral stimuli. However, it is unknown whether morality is prioritized early in perception or much later in cognitive processing. We use a combination of behavioral methods and electroencephalography to investigate how early in perception moral words are prioritized relative to non-moral words. The behavioral data replicate previous research indicating that people are more likely to correctly identify moral than non-moral words in a modified lexical decision task. The electroencephalography data reveal that words are distinguished from non-words as early as 200 milliseconds after onset over frontal brain areas, and moral words are distinguished from non-moral words 100 milliseconds later over left-posterior cortex. Further analyses reveal that differences in brain activity to moral vs. non-moral words cannot be explained by differences in arousal associated with the words. These results suggest that moral content might be prioritized in conscious awareness after an initial perceptual encoding but before subsequent memory processing or action preparation. This work offers a more precise theoretical framework for understanding how morality impacts vision and behavior.
Contributions of the basal ganglia to action sequence learning and performance
Authors: Garr Eric
Published: August 2019

Animals engage in intricately woven and choreographed action sequences that are constructed from trial-and-error learning. The mechanisms by which the brain links together individual actions which are later recalled as fluid chains of behavior are not fully understood, but there is broad consensus that the basal ganglia play a crucial role in this process. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of the basal ganglia in action sequencing, with a focus on whether the computational framework of reinforcement learning can capture key behavioral features of sequencing and the neural mechanisms that underlie them. While a simple neurocomputational model of reinforcement learning can capture key features of action sequence learning, this model is not sufficient to capture goal-directed control of sequences or their hierarchical representation. The hierarchical structure of action sequences, in particular, poses a challenge for building better models of action sequencing, and it is in this regard that further investigations into basal ganglia information processing may be informative.
Kesalahan Penulisan Kata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Kain Rentang dan Papan Iklan di Tempat Umum
Authors: Palupi Muji Endah
Published: August 2019

Error writing is the crucial thing that found in the public places, especially on the banner and billboard. Sometimes, it has been written wrongly. It is known that Indonesian has a rich peculiar language that must be explored. People around it view the ad or advertisement; they will assess the ad internally and externally. It will be seen the professionalism of the ad maker. Badan Bahasa (Language Board)  of  Kemdikbud RI, has launched the print book of PUEBI on its website freely, it depends on the ad maker to revise the Indonesian using on the ad correctly and esthetically. The objective this research is to investigate the error writing of ad and its professionalism abuse on the banner and billboard at the public places. This research is using a descriptive method; the writer is to investigate and to analyze the error writing in Indonesian of ad on the banner and billboard. The output of this research is expected to be a reference to the next researcher that wants to explore error-writing research of ad or another peculiar object. Keywords: error writing, ad, Indonesian, banner and billboard
Port of Shadows: Absence and Love
Authors: Dima Vlad
Published: August 2019

L’auteur s’intéresse au classique de Marcel Carné Quai des brumes (1938), un film reposant sur des oppositions : lumière et obscurité, vie et mort et, par dessus tout, amour et néant. Les éléments négatifs de ces oppositions – obscurité, mort et néant – sont tous des formes d’absence qui dominent les dimensions narrative et stylistique du film. Pourtant, malgré son implacable atmosphère de désespoir, de malheur et de fatalité, le film de Carné porte en vérité sur le vrai pouvoir de l’amour issu du néant : de l’absence de lumière, de l’absence d’espoir et des absences matérielles du film (ses coupes). Bref, le thème conceptuel de l’absence exploité par l’auteur aligne la philosophie existentialiste et la théorie de la suture afin de réévaluer le principal vecteur du film : le désir romantique.
Tantangan Guru dalam Meningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Agama Islam Di Era Melenial
Authors: Fajriana Anggun Wulan , Aliyah Mauli Anjaninur
Published: August 2019

A process of education and learning requires an expert who is usually called an educator or teacher. Teachers or educators are not only obliged to transform science but also guide the development of students' morals and spirituality. Teachers must have a competency because competence is a combination of knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes reflected in the habit of thinking and acting. Therefore this study aims to determine the challenges of teachers to improve the quality of Islamic religious education (Pendidikan Agama Islam: PAI) in this millennial era. This study uses qualitative research with descriptive types and with case studies of data collection. The challenges of education in the millennium era faced by teachers in the form of Digital Literacy, Teachers as lifelong learners, Presenting Exciting and Meaningful Learning, Teachers must be exemplary, because the change in students in the millennial era teachers must see this challenge as positive with always make innovations and skills in learning that are in accordance with the demands of the times. criteria for professional PAI teachers, their professionalism is not only oriented to the material but also directed at spiritual orientation. Because professional PAI teachers are expected to be able to drive the progress of the people, especially in this millennial era. Based on the challenges faced by millennial teachers, PAI teacher professionalism is needed to help improve the quality of education.
Pendidikan Islam dan Tantangan Multikultural: Tinjauan Filosofis
Authors: Aprilianto Andika , Arif Muhammad
Published: August 2019

Pendidikan multikultural dapat dikatakan sebagai respon terhadap fenomena budaya, sosial, dan konflik etnis yang muncul di tengah masyarakat yang berlandaskan multikultural. Multikulturalisme merupakan sebuah pemahaman yang menerima adanya masyarakat majemuk sehingga menghindari konflik horizontal yang ada dalam masyarakat. Konteks pendidikan multikultural hanya menanamkan tata tertib kehidupan seperti menghormati, berkasih sayang, tulus, serta bertoleran terhadap keanekaragaman budaya yang hidup ditengah masyarakat plural. Tujuan utama dari pendidikan multikultural ialah memproduksi generasi-generasi umat yang memiliki ilmu, keterampilan serta mampu menerapkan kehidupan bersama dalam masyarakat sebagai ummat yang terbaik/khoiru ummah
SMES’ GROWTH STAGE MODEL: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT MODEL
Authors: Bachtiar Nia Kurniati , Amin Muhammad Al
Published: August 2019

Growth Stage Model (GSM) is essential especially for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in order to know their position in the industry, setting their growth strategy to forecasting their future movement. The development of GSM evolves over time with a modest 4 (four) stages to the current 6 (six) stages. The measurement, variable used and indication of each model also develop. This article is a literature study article which will compare, summarize and synthesize the literatures about GSM. Finally, this article find a challenging moment created by industrial revolution 4.0 that effected business especially SMEs in their growth stage. Hence, this article provides the proposed model of modern GSM as an answer of industrial revolution 4.0 challenge to business world.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENDAPATAN DAN RELIGIUSITAS DALAM MEMPENGARUHI MINAT MUZAKKI DALAM MEMBAYAR ZAKAT PROFESI
Authors: Pristi Eka Destriyanto , Setiawan Fery
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini membahas tentang faktor pendapatan dan religiusitasdalam mempengaruhiminat muzakki dalam membayar zakat profesi melalui Lembaga Amil Zakat di Ponorogo. Lembaga Amil Zakat Infaq Sodaqoh (LAZISMU) Ponorogo dipilih sebagai objek penelitian. Penelitian ini didasari pada masih enggannya masyarakat dalam membayar zakat profesi khususnya melalui lembaga amil zakat. Faktor pendapatan dan religiusitas dipilih dalam penelitian ini, sebagai salah satu faktor yang dianggap penting dalam mempengaruhi minat muzakki dalam membayar zakat profesi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan populasi adalah muzakki yang membayarkan zakatnya di salah satu LAZISMU Ponorogo. Karena jumlah populasi sedikit, maka peneliti menggunakan semuanya sebagai sampel. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Structural Equation Model (SEM) dengan program Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor pendapatan dan religiusitas memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap minat membayar zakat profesi melalui Lembaga Amil Zakat di Kabupaten Ponorogo.

Kata kunci: zakat profesi, pendapatan, religiusitas, minat
Entrepreneuriat et organisation religieuse
Authors: Delorme François , Lapoutte Alexandrine
Published: August 2019

L’intrapreneuriat a t-il un sens dans une organisation communautaire ? L’expérience « Retraite dans la Ville » a permis aux auteurs1 de tester le modèle d’Ireland et al. (2006) dans un environnement de contraste et de mettre en évidence un cinquième levier que nous avons appelé « la présence ». Dans une organisation caractérisée par des comportements largement intériorisés, le rapport à l’autre tendrait à fonder un modèle d’intrapreneuriat fondamentalement différent.
SECURITY AS PUBLIC INTEREST IN CONSTRUCTION LAW
Authors: Zwolak Sławomir
Published: August 2019

Polish construction law refers to the public interest in an indirect way, which consists primarily of value within a framework of security. The concept of security in construction law covers a range of issues and is a term quite wide. The special importance of safety results from its fundamental importance for society. The need to ensure security in the construction industry, leads to the need to balance the public interest and the individual. Respecting the public interest expressed in security, it is an essential prerequisite for restrictions on freedom of construction. In addition, in the context of general security, the article presents relevant solutions resulting from the German and English model.
Terapeuci – żydowscy prekursorzy monastycyzmu chrześcijańskiego w De vita contemplativa Filona z Aleksandrii
Authors: Misiarczyk Leszek
Published: August 2019

The article analyzes the most important aspects of the life of therapists, the Jewish precursors of Christian monasticism. The author advocates the datation of the De vita contemplativa for the years 40-41 of the first century and presents arguments for the authorship of Philo. Then he emphasizes the apologetic nature of the text and its content. The author is in favor of the hypothesis that therapists were not essenes, but a separate group of ascetics in Judaism of the 1st century AD. He is not convinced by the hypothesis that the Philo’s treaty is a literary fiction and the presentation of an ideal community. Too many details in the text contradict this opinion and even indicate that Philo himself knew the life of therapists from autopsy. Direct influence of therapists on Christian monastic life is impossible to demonstrate, while indirect influence manifests itself in the following elements poor clothing, modest meals: bread, salt and water, devoting little attention to the needs of the body - only as much as necessary for life, getting rid of ownership by giving it to the closest relatives, praying at sunrise, praying with hands raised to heaven, practicing allegorical exegesis of the Old Testament, living in continence. In the case of cenobites: common life under the direction of the superior, shared meals, common prayers, houses divided into a residential part and a monastery as a place of prayer.
Ślady egzegezy Filona Aleksandryjskiego w "De monastica exercitatione" Nila z Ancyry
Authors: Nieścior Leon
Published: August 2019

We encounter in the Nil of Ancyra’s writing De monastica exercitatione at least a dozen instances of the allegorical interpretation of certain places in the Old Testament, where Nil of Ancyra’s exegesis seems to refer to the Philo of Alexandria’s interpretation. In a few places there are significant differences in interpretation, but Nil decisively continues or repeats exegetical ideas of Philo. In two cases, in a longer allegory about Joseph who seeks his brothers and about the ritual washing of the sacrificial calf (De monastica exercitatione 44-45 and 56), the dependence on Philo becomes verbal. The borrowings come most often from Legum allegoriarum libri, which seem to be especially close to Nil. However, the traces of Philo’s exegesis from other writings of the Alexandrian seem to show a wider knowledge of his works by the monk of Ancyra. There is a probability of indirect borrowing and indirect knowledge of Philo’s exegesis by Nil, by other authors, but we find no evidence of such medium. However, for example, Origen’s relationship with Philo in the exegesis of the concerned places is quite loose and does not give grounds for the seeking such medium. The Philo’s ascetic orientation to exegesis, his connection to Greek ethical philosophy, willingness to use the biblical allegory, these and other factors may have influenced Nil to seek inspiration by the Jewish philosopher. The predicted borrowings had also their consequences. The copying Philonian thought led to take over the ideas borrowed by others, including the elements of Platonism and Stoicism.
Obraz Boga w apoftegmatach ojców pustyni
Authors: Nocoń Arkadiusz
Published: August 2019

It is often said today that the current religious crisis is caused by a false image of God. The question therefore is how is He to be presented, so that with all the limitations of the human intellect and language in the face of the apophatic cha­racter of the Divine Majesty, God will be expressed in a way that will be the least “detrimental” to Him (and also to man)? It seems that the Egyptian Desert Fathers may be qualified teachers, even masters in this matter, not only, because the “sem­blance of God” was an issue that greatly engaged their community which had to deal with the heresy of anthropomorphism, but even more so, because as men of deep faith and prayer, often great mystics, they had an experience of God and so they continue to be for us unrivalled “experts” in this field. Analysing therefore their teaching on the image of God contained in the Apophthegmata of the Desert Fathers, we have arrived at the following conclusions. The Desert Fathers were fully aware how important the image of God is in the process of faith, knowing that a false image may lead not only to personal tragedies, but even to social unrest, and that it always leads to an atrophy of prayer and is an obstacle on the way to perfec­tion. In spite of this, even though the word “God” appears in the Apophthegmata very often, the search for some uniform image of God and even clauses of the type: “God is…” that are extremely rare, would be in vain. What could be the reasons for the “silence” of the Desert Fathers in this matter? In our view, first of all the fun­damental reason was their humility and the fact that they did not see themselves as teachers of others, and second, their suspicion as to their own visions that could in fact hide the ruses of Satan. However, the most important reason for the “omission” of the image of God in the Apopthegmata is, in our view, Eastern spirituality which treated every endeavour to define God and to demonstrate His image as an attempt to limit His divine nature. The ineffable and infinite God in the understanding of the Desert Fathers was also a God who is unique and unspeakable, to such an extent that each individual has to arrive alone, in his own heart, as far as this is possible, at His true image. Thus, in the Apophthegmata we do not find univocal statements declaring what is the true image of God, and the only thing that the Desert Fathers have conveyed to us is that approaching God is something of a process, at the be­ginning of which, yes certainly, some even infantile imagination of God may be admissible (hence a “leniency” towards anthropomorphism), but then it has to be subjected to a progressive purification, in the knowledge that “that which is perfect will come later”. This will come, not so much as a result of hearing about God or the acquisition of knowledge about Him, but through the practice of prayer, pe-nance and almsgiving.
Opieka nad chorymi jako droga do świętości według św. Doroteusza z Gazy
Authors: Turzyński Piotr
Published: August 2019

The article presents a part of spirituality of Saint Dorotheus of Gaza, the Palestinian monk and abbot from VI century. He wrote instructions and letters for monks in which one of the topics is also care for the sick. Dorotheus himself be­fore became an Abba was educated in medicine and in monastery was responsible for infirmary. He underlines that after first step on the road of improvement which is purification man must fill his heart with good deeds. Care for the sick is one of them. Dorotheus is looking on disease in the light of Divine Providence. In this way the disease is a trial, but also body sickness could be medicine for the soul. If someone is looking after the sick he has an opportunity to learn humility and wisdom of life. Dorotheus invites monks to do this disinterestedly. By that means sickness becomes a way to holiness.
Aquileienses clerici quasi chorus beatorum habentur (Hieronim, Kronika, rok 374). Przykład życia religijnego duchownych pod koniec IV wieku
Authors: Bastit-Kalinowska Agnès
Published: August 2019

The end of the fourth century sees the emergence, in the West, of several expe­riences of monastic life in the city for the bishop and a part of his presbyterium (Eusèbe of Vercelli, Martin of Tours, Paulin of Nola, Augustin of Hippo). A simi­lar attempt, around the priest Chromace of Aquileia (before his episcopate, and maybe even later), is documented by some testimonies of Jerome from Stridon and Rufin from Aquileia for the years 370s. These testimonies are the object of the present study.
Znaczenie wyglądu zewnętrznego dziewic i mnichów w formacji duchowej w klasztorach Galii i Hiszpanii (VI-VII w.)
Authors: Wygralak Paweł
Published: August 2019

The article discusses the influence of the way of the monastic dress code on helping nuns and monks stay on their spiritual path during formation. The Focus of the study are the rules for nuns and monks developed in the 6th and 7th centuries in Gaul and Spain. The authors of the rules were convinced that the very strict requirements regarding the clothing, as well as the behavior, of consecrated per­sons, serve the practice of seeking virtue through poverty, obedience and humility. It was required that all the inhabitants of a monastery should wear simple habits with natural colors that no one could consider to be their property. Attention was also paid to the asceticism of sight and the way of walking, which served to pre­serve the virtue of purity. For the same reason, one was not allowed to take too many baths, except in the case of disease. The whole life of the celibate nuns and monks should be focused on the caring for the development of their spiritual life, and not on the pursuit of external appearance. The humble acceptance of poor attire, temperance in care for the body, and the ability to exercise self-control his eyesight, testified to the spiritual maturity of the nun and the monk.
Dialog filozofii z historią: zagadkowy wstęp do Historii powszechnej Teofilakta Simokatty
Authors: Kotłowska Anna
Published: August 2019

The paper seeks to propose an interpretation of Dialogue between History and Philosophy – prefatory to Simocattes’ History. In the author’s opinion, this brief text deprived of literary value, provides for Theophylactus’ peculiar attempt to justify his actions and behavior during the usurpation of Phokas (602-610). Vague mythological metaphors were meant to divert attention from certain bio­graphical facts and to redirect the discussion to the sphere of universal reflections on the rules of power, thereby releasing Theophylactus from potential liability. Therefore, the Dialogue should be understood as a text of an apologetic nature, written from authors’ personal perspective. Such interpretation differs from the few previous ones which, although scarce, have excessively highlighted rhetori­cal aspects of the text, suggesting even that it has been written at a request of the new government.
Od jednej Ewangelii Chrystusa do czterech Ewangelii Kościoła
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: August 2019

Pośród wielu zagadnień, które musiał podjąć pierwotny Kościół w swojej misji, było także przyjęcie jednoznacznie określonego korpusu pism, a zwłaszcza Ewangelii, aby móc na tym fundamencie kształtować swoje życie i swoją doktrynę. Problem komplikował się z tego powodu, że jedna Ewangelia głoszona przez Chrystusa bardzo szybko stała się źródłem wielu pism, które pretendowały do stania się jej autentycznym świadectwem. Pojawiło się wiele Ewangelii. Kwestia dokonania odpowiedniego wyboru stała się przedmiotem poczynań i sporów, w których uczestniczyli Marcjon, Justyn, Tacjan, a w końcu Ireneusza z Lyonu. Ten ostatni w najwyższym stopniu przyczynił się do skodyfikowania zbioru czterech Ewangelii: Mateusza, Marka Łukasza i Jana (jednej Ewangelii w czterech formach) jako normy życia kościelnego. Artykuł zawiera próbę odtworzenia tego procesu, który dokonał się w II wieku.
Idea compassio fraterna w parenetycznej instrukcji Dhuody z Septymanii († ok. 843)
Authors: Chudzikowska-Wołoszyn Małgorzata
Published: August 2019

Niniejszy artykuł podejmuje temat związany z proklamowaną przez karolińską uczoną, Dhuodę z Septymanii, ideą compassio fraterna, która odnosiła się do zdolności braterskiego współczucia i współcierpienia, rodziła także tak istotną dla chrześcijan duchową więź. Autorka przybliża definicję miłości braterskiej, którą Dhuoda rozważała na płaszczyźnie biologicznej i duchowej. Określiła ona także przynależne jej wartości moralne i płynące z niej wzajemne zobowiązania. W artykule przedstawione zostały źródła, którymi inspirowała się uczona karolińska kreśląc przed małoletnim synem swoje zwierciadłowe wyobrażenie modelowego chrześcijańskiego braterstwa. Podstawę analiz stanowi jedyne napisane przez markizę Septymanii dzieło – Liber manualis, czyli Podręcznik.
Periodyzacja dziejów Izraela w "Pochwale Ojców" Księgi Syracha (Syr 44–49)
Authors: Pudełko Judyta
Published: August 2019

Artykuł ma na celu przedstawić ujęcie poszczególnych okresów biblijnego Izraela, które zawiera Pochwała ojców (Syr 44 – 49) Księgi Syracha. Na początku autorka zaznacza kontekst i granice tekstu przyjętego do analizy. Następnie pokrótce przedstawia ogólne wprowadzenie do Pochwały ojców (Syr 44,1-15). Kolejne części artykułu stanowią propozycję periodyzacji, która składa się z trzech części: etapu przymierza (Syr 44,16 – 45,26), etapu proroków i królów (Syr 46,1 – 49,10) oraz etapu odnowy (Syr 49,11-16). Całość zamyka apendyks, który stanowi wypełnienie wcześniejszych etapów historii w osobie Szymona II, arcykapłana świątyni jerozolimskiej (Syr 50,1-24). Periodyzacja dziejów obecna w Pochwale ojców, oprócz chronologii jest prezentacją, w której można zauważyć podejście teologiczne, kanoniczne i kapłańskie.
RECONSTRUCTIVE ONE- AND TWO STEP JEJUNOGASTROPLASTY AFTER TOTAL GASTRECTOMY IN BLEEDING GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Shepetko E.N. , Fomin P.D. , Garmash D.А. , Belskiy A.B. , Kozak Y.S. , Koshman I.S.
Published: August 2019

Relevance. Modern and topical questions of surgical treatment of acute bleeding gastric cancer are considered with the use of innovative hardware technologies of operative interventions with the formation of an artificial ventricle (jejunogastroplasty) after total gastrectomy (GE).

Objective. Development and introduction of new technologies and methods of one-stage and two-stage reconstructive jejunogastroplasty (JGP), which can improve the functional results of total gastrectomy for acute bleeding gastric cancer.

Materials and methods. Are analyzed 30 patients after the GE in conjunction with jejunogastroplasty (JGP) for bleeding gastric cancer. Men were 22 (73 %), women – 8 (27 %). In 68 % of patients who underwent JGP verified III st. and IV st. neoplastic process. When forming an artificial stomach (reconstructive JGP) used a variety of options and technologies: JGP manually performed in 3 (10 %), hardware – in 27 (90 %).

Results. JGP by Roux loop applied in 6 (20 %), Ω-loop JGP with Brownian anastomosis – in 16 (53 %), and in 8 (27 %) performed reconstructive hardware JGP in a functionally advantageous embodiment including of the duodenum. In 28 patients lymph node dissection performed in the amount of D2, two – D1 using an ultrasonic scalpel and the machine welding of biological tissues. Deaths were not. Developed and implemented the concept two-step JGP after total GE at bleeding  gastric cancer. In the first phase, the GE with lymph node dissection. In developing dumping syndrome, nongastric fatigue, weight loss, violation digestiv tract function in the postoperative period and in the absence of data on the progression of the tumor process in the second phase after 4-6 months (sometimes 1-1,5 years) after total GE undertaken reconstructive JGP with the creation of artificial jejunum  reservoir. Developed sixteen variants hardware reconstructive JGP without including and with the including of the duodenum  in the digestive transit. The best functional results obtained after reconstructive JGP  including of the duodenum.

Conclusions. In patients young and middle age after total GE at bleeding gastric cancer  it is advisable to complement perfoming JGP  including of the duodenum. The use of one- and  two step JGP after total GE improves the quality of life of the patients in the late postoperative period.
BIOSUGGESTIVE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF DENTAL PHOBIA
Authors: Osokina O.I. , Udod А.А. , Ivnev В.В. , Ushenin S.G. , Putyatin G.G. , Nesterenko T.V. , Stetcenko L.A.
Published: August 2019

Relevance. Fear of dental treatment - dentofobia - is an obsessive fear of visiting a dental office, a fear of the personality of the dentist and dental equipment. The fear of treatment at the dentist is the main reason that patients delay visits to a dentist, refuse treatment or self-medication using. Many people with dentofobia seek help only in urgent cases, for example, with severe pain syndrome or with an abscess.

Objective: the estimation of influence of the method of biosuggestive therapy on the emotional state of patients in the dental profile by a dynamic evaluation of neurotic symptoms before and after a visit to the dentist.

Material and methods. 92 respondents were examined: 43 men (46,7 %) and 49 women (53,3 %), aged from 25 to 62 years, who applied for dental care. Modification scale of the dental anxiety (MDAS) was used for self-assessment of anxiety level. The Hamilton scale (HAM-A) was used for an objective assessment of the severity of anxiety symptoms and the level of anxiety. The method of biosuggestive therapy was used for the psychocorrection of anxiety. This method based on a combination of verbal and non-verbal suggestion in a light trance state. We used not only suggestion, but also other techniques: the contact of the palm of the therapist with the respondent's body, induction, the corresponding setting of the voice, etc. The results were statistically processed.

Results. According MDAS scale, clinically significant anxiety before a visit to the dentist was found in 82,6±4,0 % of patients. The anxious-hypochondriacal (38,1±7,5 %) and anxious-depressive (33,3±7,3 %) syndromes dominated. According the HAM-A scale, anxiety-phobic symptoms, sleep disorders, autonomic disorders and somatoform dysfunctions predominated in the structure of neurotic symptoms with the primary involvement of the digestive system and the urinary system. The level of neurotic symptoms in women was  more than in men (according the scale of HAM-A, 50±0,5 points and 38±0,8 points, respectively, p<0,05). After biosuggestion therapy, 92,9±4,0 % of patients noted subjective improvement in their emotional state and decrease of  anxiety’s level. According to the scale of HAM-A, in the main group showed a significant decrease in the severity of neurotic symptoms by 57,7±7,5 % of the baseline, while in the comparison group it was only 29,1±7,4 %, p<0,001.

Conclusion. The method of biosuggestion therapy is effective and expedient for the normalization of  emotional state of patients before a visit to a dentist.
NEURODESTRUCTION OF HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEI IN BRAIN INJURY. EFFECT OF CARBACETAM
Authors: Ziablitsev S.V. , Panova T.I. , Starodubska O.O.
Published: August 2019

Relevance. A key role in the pathogenesis of brain injury (BI) is played by destructive changes in the neural tissue of the brain, which consist in damage to neurons and glial cells. To date, various drugs are being intensively developed and studied, which are considered in the perspective of correction and restoration of the functional state of the brain. These substances include the neuroprotector carbacetam, an modulator of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, a derivative of the alkaloid β-carboline. Objectie. To investigate the effect of carbacetam on neurodestruction processes in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus in experimental BI. Material and methods. The study was carried out on 20 white non-native male rats weighing 200±10 g. To simulate the BI, rats were subjected to one stroke along the cranial vault with a free-fall load according to the V.N. Yelskyy and S.V. Ziablitsev method (2008). The energy of impact was 0.52 J, the lethality for the first 5 days after injury was 84%. In the control group (n=10) 1 ml of saline was injected intraperitoneally once daily for 10 days after injury. Animals of the experimental group (n=10) received intraperitoneally injections of carbacetam at a dose of 5 mg/kg in 1 ml of saline according to the same scheme. After the experiment was over, the animals were decapitated with the removal of the brain, from which histological preparations were made with a microtome after appropriate histological treatment. Some sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, others were immunohistochemically reacted with antibodies against neuronmarkers proteins NSE, S-100 and GFAP. Results. Carbacetam influenced the decrease of degenerative processes in the nervous tissue of the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Neurons of animals with BI that received carbacetam, were characterized by the restoration of normal morphological features in contrast to rats not receiving the drug. Immunohistochemical study of brain neuromarkers confirmed the restoration of the functions of neurons and astrocytes in the investigated parts of the rat's hypothalamus after the administration of carbacetam. There was a decrease in the expression level of glial markers GFAP and S-100, which illustrated the decrease in degenerative changes in the nervous tissue. While the expression level of the neuron marker NSE grew, this demonstrated the high metabolic activity of nerve cells. Changes in the expression of markers of neurons and glia indicated a restoration of normal neuronal activity under the action of carbacetam. Conclusion. Further investigation of the effects of carbacetam seems promising in terms of the restoration of neuronal function at BI.