bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of green innovation on small and medium enterprises' performance: The role of sustainability readiness and firm size
Authors: Schrank Johannes , Kijkasiwat Ploypailin
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the influence of green innovation and technology in both products and processes on the performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Additionally, it explores the impact of firm size and sustainability readiness on SME performance and examines the moderating and mediating effects of these factors on the relationship between innovation and firm performance. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed as the methodological approach, utilizing a sample of 421 SMEs in Thailand. The findings reveal that green innovation and sustainability readiness significantly contribute to SME performance. Sustainability readiness is identified as a mediator, underscoring its significant role in mediating the relationship between green innovation and firm performance. Furthermore, firm size is confirmed as a moderator, indicating that the influence of green innovation on firm performance is contingent upon the firm's size. These findings have significant implications for SMEs, providing valuable insights into strategic investments in sustainability readiness and green innovation as avenues for enhancing performance and competitiveness.
Comparison of treatment outcome between first‐line combination immunotherapy (anti‐PD‐L1 or anti‐PD1) with or without chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Naratornsirakul Danainut , Chewaskulyong Busyamas , Kongkarnka Sarawut , Oranratnachai Songporn
Published: July 2024

Background

Despite promising outcomes of first‐line immunotherapy with or without chemotherapy in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), limited accessibility due to reimbursement was remain the problem in low to middle income countries. This study aimed to evaluate real‐world effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC in Northern Thailand.

Method

A retrospective, single‐centered cohort, was conducted. Patients with advanced NSCLC who underwent PD‐L1 testing (excluding EGFR and ALK mutations) and were treated with immunotherapy or without chemotherapy or chemotherapy alone were included. The primary end point was progression‐free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events.

Results

A total of 123 patients, of which 21 patients received immunotherapy‐based regimen and 102 patients received chemotherapy alone. The median PFS was 11.9 months in immunotherapy‐based group compared to 5.93 months in the chemotherapy group, with a. hazard ratio (HR) of 0.4 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.23 to 0.68; p = 0.001). Similarly, the median OS was 26.68 months in the immunotherapy‐based group and 11.21 months in the chemotherapy group, with HR of 0.42 (95% CI 0.22–0.8; p = 0.009). ORRs were significantly higher in the immunotherapy‐based group, with 65% of patients showing a response compared to 32% in the chemotherapy group (p = 0.006).

Conclusion

The result of this real‐world study in patients with advanced stage NSCLC indicate that first‐line immunotherapy‐based regimen was associated with significantly greater PFS, OS, and ORR with a safety profile consistent with pivotal studies.
Cuproptosis‐related gene DLAT is a biomarker of the prognosis and immune microenvironment of gastric cancer and affects the invasion and migration of cells
Authors: Peng Yanyu , Shi Ruimeng , Yang Siwen , Zhu Jiayi
Published: July 2024

Objective

Cuproptosis is a novel cell death dependent on mitochondrial respiration and regulated by copper. This study aimed to investigate the cuproptosis‐related gene DLAT potential value in gastric cancer (GC).

Methods

Bioinformatics was used to analyze DLAT expression. DLAT expression in GC cell lines was detected using qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation ability was assessed using CCK8 and cell cycle assay. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using wound healing and transwell assay. A prognostic assessment was performed through survival and Cox regression analysis. DLAT protein expression was analyzed through HPA immunohistochemistry. Biological functions and processes were analyzed through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis and PPI. Correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint genes was analyzed for DLAT.

Results

DLAT expression was upregulated in GC tissues and cells and correlated with shorter survival for patients. Age, gender, histological typing, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis were identified as independent prognostic factors affecting OS in GC. DLAT protein was upregulated in GC. The biological functions and pathways enriched in DLAT were mainly linked to mitochondrial respiration and the TCA cycle. The expression of DLAT was found to be positively correlated with the infiltration of Th and Th2 immune cells and only positively correlated with the expression of the BTN2A1 immune checkpoint gene.

Conclusion

DLAT has the potential to serve as a prognostic assessment factor in GC. The expression of DLAT was correlated with immune infiltration and tumor immune escape, providing a new target for immunotherapy of GC.
Comprehensive analysis of serum cytokines in patients with multiple myeloma before and after lenalidomide and dexamethasone
Authors: Tachita Takuto , Ri Masaki , Aoki Sho , Asano Arisa , Kanamori Takashi , Totani Haruhito , Kinoshita Shiori , Asao Yu , Narita Tomoko , Masaki Ayako , Ito Asahi , Kusumoto Shigeru , Komatsu Hirokazu , Iida Shinsuke
Published: July 2024

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable B‐cell malignancy often accompanied by profound immunodeficiency. Lenalidomide (Len) is an immunomodulatory drug that exerts promising therapeutic effects on MM through the immune system. However, predictive markers related to the effects of Len treatment are not fully understood. This study aimed to identify candidate biomarkers for predicting the clinical efficacy of Len and dexamethasone (Ld) therapy through a comprehensive analysis of serum cytokines. The levels of 48 cytokines in the serum of patients with MM just before Ld therapy (n = 77), at the time of best response (n = 56), and at disease progression (n = 49) were measured and evaluated. Patients with high IL‐18 and M‐CSF levels showed significantly shorter progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS). In contrast, patients with high PDGF‐BB levels had longer survival. Moreover, low levels of G‐CSF, IL‐7, IL‐8, and SDF‐1α were associated with shorter OS after Ld therapy. During Ld therapy, pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐2Rα, IL‐18, and TNF‐α were decreased, while IFN‐γ was increased. IL‐4 and IL‐6 levels increased during disease progression. In conclusion, this study provides a better understanding of the association between cytokines and the efficacy of Ld therapy as well as the unique changes in cytokines related to inflammatory and immune responses during Ld therapy.
Real‐world evidence of brigatinib as second‐line treatment after crizotinib for ALK+ non‐small cell lung cancer using South Korean claims data (K‐AREAL)
Authors: Lee Jeong Eun , Nam Jin Hyun , Kwon Sun Hong , Kim Bo Kyung , Ha Seung Min
Published: July 2024

Purpose

There is a lack of real‐world data in Asian populations for brigatinib, a next‐generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor for patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study analysed real‐world outcomes and dosing patterns for brigatinib in patients with crizotinib‐refractory ALK+ NSCLC in South Korea.

Methods

This retrospective, non‐interventional, cohort study used South Korean Health Insurance and Review Assessment claims data for adults with ALK+ NSCLC who initiated brigatinib between 19 April 2019 and 31 March 2021 after receiving prior crizotinib. Patients' characteristics, time to discontinuation (TTD), time to dose reduction, overall survival (OS) and treatment adherence were assessed.

Results

The study included 174 patients (56.9% male; 27.0% with a history of brain metastases). Median duration of prior crizotinib was 17 (range 0.3–48) months. Median follow‐up after brigatinib initiation was 18 (range 0–34) months. Overall, 88.5% of patients received full‐dose brigatinib (180 mg/day) and 93.1% of patients were adherent (proportion of days covered ≥0.8). The median TTD was 24.9 months (95% CI 15.2–not reached). The probability of continuing treatment was 63.2% at 1 year and 51.5% at 2 years. The probability of continuing at full or peak dose was 79.7% at 1 year and 75.6% at 2 years. Median OS was not reached. The 2‐year OS rate was 68.7%.

Conclusions

In this first nationwide retrospective study using national insurance claim data, brigatinib demonstrated real‐world clinical benefit as second‐line treatment after prior crizotinib in ALK+ NSCLC patients in South Korea.
Effects of housing stability and contemporary mortgage lending bias on breast cancer stage at diagnosis among older women in the United States
Authors: Rademacher Nicole , Zhou Yuhong , McGinley Emily L. , Laud Purushottam W. , Yen Tina W. F. , Ponce Sara Beltrán , Nattinger Ann B. , Beyer Kirsten M. M.
Published: July 2024

Background

Interventions aimed at upstream factors contributing to late‐stage diagnoses could reduce disparities and improve breast cancer outcomes. This study examines the association between measures of housing stability and contemporary mortgage lending bias on breast cancer stage at diagnosis among older women in the United States.

Methods

We studied 67,588 women aged 66–90 from the SEER‐Medicare linked database (2010–2015). The primary outcome was breast cancer stage at diagnosis. Multinomial regression models adjusted for individual and neighborhood socio‐economic factors were performed using a three‐category outcome (stage 0, early stage, and late stage). Key census tract‐level independent variables were residence in the same house as the previous year, owner‐occupied homes, and an index of contemporary mortgage lending bias.

Results

In models adjusted for individual factors, higher levels of mortgage lending bias were associated with later stage diagnosis (RR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.20; RR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.16–1.49; RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.24–1.60 for least to high, respectively). In models adjusted for individual and neighborhood socio‐economic factors, moderate and high levels of mortgage lending bias were associated with later stage diagnosis (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.33 for moderate and RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.02–1.37 for high). Owner occupancy and tenure were not associated with later stage diagnosis in adjusted models.

Conclusions

Contemporary mortgage lending bias demonstrated a significant gradient relationship with later stage at diagnosis of breast cancer. Policy interventions aimed at reducing place‐based mortgage disinvestment and its impacts on local resources and opportunities should be considered as part of an overall strategy to decrease late‐stage breast cancer diagnosis and improve prognosis.
A 24‐year‐old patient with testicular benign capillary hemangioma: A rare case report
Authors: Haydar Hasan , Sleiay Mouhammed , Marina Sliman , Haydar Abdulrahman , Alqreea Mohammed , Alomar Bauthaina , Lutfi Mohamad Yasin , Youssef Simon
Published: July 2024

Key Clinical Message

The importance of urologists and pathologists being knowledgable about primary testicular hemangiomas and other benign adult testicular neoplasms, though rare, is crucial. Ensuring these professionals are well‐versed in these conditions is vital in medicine. Testicular sparing surgery, especially when tumor markers are negative, is a common approach for patients with small or uncertain testicular masses.

The cause of the uncommon benign testicular tumor known as testicular capillary hemangioma is currently unclear. Children are shown to have a greater incidence than adults. Histopathological examination reveals a vascular tumor with a well‐formed capillary lumina. The lesions are bordered by flattened endothelium and have lobulated clusters of closely spaced capillaries with an abundance of vascular gaps. These capillaries have anaplastic characteristics and lack mitotic activity. The patient, who was 24‐year‐old, came to the urology department complaining of severe testicular pain. He had no significant medical history. Clinical examination found a mass at the upper pole of the testicle. An ultrasonography Doppler study found a left varicocele that measured 3.5 mm in diameter, as well as a mass at the upper part of the left testicle. Pathologic examination confirmed the presence of a benign hemangioma with. Although rare, it is important for urologists and pathologists to be aware of primary testicular hemangiomas and other benign adult testicular neoplasms. Testicular sparing surgery has always been considered in patients with small or indeterminate testicular masses with negative tumor markers.
Exploring Environmental, Social and Governance research in the wake of COVID‐19: A bibliometric analysis of current trends and recommendations for future research
Authors: Marie Mohamed , Qi Baolei , Gerged Ali Meftah , Nobanee Haitham
Published: July 2024

This study offers a systematic review of the evolution and characteristics of research on corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance, with a particular focus on changes influenced by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using bibliometric analysis, this research examines 340 scholarly articles on ESG performance published between 2006 and January 2023, documenting the expansion of ESG research in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Our findings identify key ESG themes, including social responsibility, sustainability reporting, corporate strategy, financial performance, and environmental performance. The study introduces a theoretical framework rooted in the resource‐based view, legitimacy, institutional, and stakeholder theories to explore the financial impacts of ESG implementations during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. It highlights the essential roles played by influential journals, authors, and countries such as China, the USA, and Italy, demonstrating the interdisciplinary growth of ESG studies. Additionally, the research underscores the pandemic's impact on ESG practices, stressing the necessity for standardized ESG metrics and the crucial role of regulatory frameworks. The study recommends adapting ESG frameworks to align with post‐pandemic realities and calls for the inclusion of both qualitative research and a global perspective in future ESG research.
High gain bipolar converter with reduced input current ripple for fuel cell integrated DC microgrid
Authors: Prajapati Ashish , Chaudhary Kalpana
Published: July 2024

The key characteristics of a DC‐DC converter for a fuel cell (FC) application include higher voltage gain for DC‐link voltage, the continuous and ripple‐free source current that is beneficial for FC. This paper proposes a high‐gain DC‐DC converter with continuous and ripple‐free input current. The proposed converter is suitable for integrating fuel cell and photovoltaic (PV) power into an isolated DC microgrid. Modified boost converter with an intermediate capacitor integrated with the cuk converter to achieve high voltage gain and low voltage stress across switches, which also reduces the reverse recovery problem of diodes. A prototype of a 1 kW converter is designed, developed, and analyzed to verify its working principle. The simulation and experimental results for high gain 40/400 V and 1 kW load power, with a DC microgrid of 400 V connected to the proposed converter, are in good harmony and are conforming to the theoretical analysis. The maximum obtained converter efficiency is 96.13%.
Heterogeneity promotes resilience in restored prairie: Implications for the environmental heterogeneity hypothesis
Authors: Wojciechowski Ashley A. , Blair John M. , Collins Scott L. , Baer Sara G.
Published: July 2024

Enhancing resilience in formerly degraded ecosystems is an important goal of restoration ecology. However, evidence for the recovery of resilience and its underlying mechanisms require long‐term experiments and comparison with reference ecosystems. We used data from an experimental prairie restoration that featured long‐term soil heterogeneity manipulations and data from two long‐term experiments located in a comparable remnant (reference) prairie to (1) quantify the recovery of ecosystem functioning (i.e., productivity) relative to remnant prairie, (2) compare the resilience of restored and remnant prairies to a natural drought, and (3) test whether soil heterogeneity enhances resilience of restored prairie. We compared sensitivity and legacy effects between prairie types (remnant and restored) and among four prairie sites that included two remnant prairie sites and prairie restored under homogeneous and heterogeneous soil conditions. We measured sensitivity and resilience as the proportional change in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) during and following drought (sensitivity and legacy effects, respectively) relative to average ANPP based on 4 pre‐drought years (2014–2017). In nondrought years, total ANPP was similar between remnant and restored prairie, but remnant prairie had higher grass productivity and lower forb productivity compared with restored prairie. These ANPP patterns generally persisted during drought. The sensitivity of total ANPP to drought was similar between restored and remnant prairie, but grasses in the restored prairie were more sensitive to drought. Post‐drought legacy effects were more positive in the restored prairie, and we attributed this to the more positive and less variable legacy response of forb ANPP in the restored prairie, especially in the heterogeneous soil treatment. Our results suggest that productivity recovers in restored prairie and exhibits similar sensitivity to drought as in remnant prairie. Furthermore, creating heterogeneity promotes forb productivity and enhances restored prairie resilience to drought.
Direct and indirect effects of cougar predation on bighorn sheep fitness
Authors: Cloutier Zachary , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Pelletier Fanie
Published: July 2024

Predation has direct effects on prey population dynamics through mortality, and it can induce indirect effects through fear. The indirect effects of predation have been documented experimentally, but few studies have quantified them in nature so that their role in prey population dynamics remains controversial. Given the expanding or reintroduced populations of large predators in many areas, the quantification of indirect effects of predation is crucial. We sought to evaluate the direct and indirect fitness effects of intense cougar (Puma concolor) predation using 48 years of data on marked bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) on Ram Mountain, Alberta, Canada. We compared years of intense cougar predation with years with no or occasional cougar predation. We first quantified the effects of predation on neonatal, weaning, and overwinter lamb survival, three metrics potentially affected by direct and indirect effects. We then investigated the possible indirect effects of intense cougar predation on lamb production, female summer mass gain, and lamb mass at weaning. We found strong effects of cougar predation on lamb survival, lamb production, and seasonal mass gain of lambs and adult females. In years with high predation, neonatal, weaning, and overwinter lamb survival declined by 18.4%, 19.7% and 20.8%, respectively. Indirect effects included a 14.2% decline in lamb production. Female summer mass gain decreased by 15.6% and lamb mass at weaning declined by 8.0% in years of intense cougar predation. Our findings bring key insights on the impacts of predation on prey fitness by reporting moderate to large effects on recruitment and illustrate the importance of indirect effects of predation on population dynamics.
Ants may buffer the Janzen–Connell effect in a tropical forest in Southwest China
Authors: Zhou Gang , Liu Jing‐Xin , Liu Jikun , Yang Jie , Qiao Xiujuan , Cao Min , Jiang Mingxi
Published: July 2024

Mutualistic symbioses between ants and plants are widespread in nature. Ants can deter unwanted pests and provide protection for plants in return for food or housing rewards. Using a long‐term demographic dataset in a tropical seasonal rain forest in Southwest China, we found that associations with ants positively influenced seedling survival and adult growth, and also, species with extrafloral nectaries experienced weaker conspecific negative density dependence compared with species without extrafloral nectaries. Furthermore, we found strong evidence suggesting that species in our forest experienced conspecific density dependence, which we interpreted as heavy pest pressure that may drive the development of anti‐pest symbioses such as the plant–ant relationship. Our findings suggest that ants and conspecific neighbors play important but inverse roles on plant survival and growth and that ants can buffer tree neighborhood interactions in this tropical forest.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Chemo‐Selective C−C/C−N Bond Formation Reaction for the Highly Efficient Synthesis of Pyrazoles, Pyrazolo fused Pyrimidines and Pyridines
Authors: Goel Nikita , Kumar Pradeep , Bhagat Sunita
Published: July 2024

Pyrazoles and pyrazolo fused pyrimidines and pyridines are well known for their applications in various fields like pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials sciences. Keeping this in mind herein, we have developed the transition‐metal‐free approach for the chemo‐selective synthesis of the pyrazole and its derivatives from acetopheneones. The selectivity of the reaction can easily be tuned by shifting reaction from acidic to basic medium for the synthesis of pyrazolo‐pyrirmidines and pyrazolo‐pyridines respectively. The reaction shows excellent functional group tolerance in the form of −F, −Cl, −Br, −NMe2, −OH, −OMe, and −B(OH)2 in good yields.
Psychometric examination of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory Short Form (MPFI‐24) and the Psy‐Flex Spanish versions in individuals with chronic pain
Authors: Navarrete Jaime , Rodríguez‐Freire Carla , Sanabria‐Mazo Juan P. , Martínez‐Rubio David , McCracken Lance M. , Gallego Ana , Sundstrom Felicia T. A. , Serrat Mayte , Alonso Jordi , Feliu‐Soler Albert , Nieto Rubén , Luciano Juan V.
Published: July 2024

Background

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been found to be beneficial for individuals dealing with chronic pain. The theoretical mechanisms of change proposed by ACT are based on the Hexaflex model. To comprehensively reflect this model, the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI) and Psy‐Flex have been developed. The study aimed to adapt the MPFI‐24 and the Psy‐Flex for Spanish‐speaking populations with chronic pain and to examine their dimensionality, internal consistency, convergent validity and incremental validity.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved 309 Spanish‐speaking adults with chronic pain who completed an online survey. The majority of the participants were women (88.3%). The ages ranged from 18 to 79 years.

Results

Factor analysis showed that the Spanish version of the MPFI‐24 has 12 factors, consisting of six flexibility and six inflexibility factors, similar to the original version, but lacking second‐order general factors. The Psy‐Flex demonstrated a single‐factor structure, maintaining the general factor of psychological flexibility seen in the original version. The MPFI‐24 showed good internal consistency and adequate convergent validity, with the exception of the Acceptance and Experiential Avoidance subscales. The Psy‐Flex showed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Notably, both the MPFI‐24 and Psy‐Flex scores significantly explained additional variance in psychological distress beyond other ACT‐related measures of Hexaflex processes; however, only the Psy‐Flex explained pain interference.

Conclusions

The Spanish adaptations of the MPFI‐24 and Psy‐Flex are valid and reliable instruments for assessing the Hexaflex model processes in Spanish‐speaking adults with chronic pain.

Significance Statement

Practitioners and researchers in chronic pain will find the Spanish versions of the MPFI‐24 and the Psy‐Flex here, along with recommendations for their use and scoring based on a robust psychometric rationale. It should be noted that these measures surpass the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS), which are considered gold standards in chronic pain assessment.
Interference management of cognitive IoT based on interference steering and alignment
Authors: Sun Zhen‐xing , Qian Jin‐bin , Liu Miao , Nan Chun‐ping , Sha Guo‐hui
Published: July 2024

In the cognitive IoT spectrum sharing process, the complex interference environment leads to a low spectral efficiency of the licensed spectrum. To solve this problem, this article allows more cognitive users (CU) to access the licensed spectrum while ensuring reliable transmission of primary users (PU) by introducing the advanced interference steering (IS) technique. Traditional IS methods are only suitable for single‐user and single‐data‐stream scenarios. Meanwhile, these methods have many drawbacks in multi‐user and multi‐data‐stream scenarios. To overcome these drawbacks, two IS algorithms based on time division (TD) multiple access are proposed in this article, which are TD based equivalent interference sub‐channel interference steering (TD‐EI‐SCIS) and TD‐based sub‐channel interference steering (TD‐SCIS), respectively. Furthermore, considering the fact that PU has the highest communication quality priority in cognitive IoT, a joint interference management (JIM) scheme based on TD‐EI‐SCIS, TD‐SCIS, and partial interference alignment (PIA) is proposed to protect the PU. Simulation results show that the spectral efficiency (SE) of the PU in the proposed JIM scheme is not significantly improved compared with the proposed TD‐EI‐SCIS in the low SNR region. However, from the perspective of the total SE in the whole cognitive IoT system, TD‐EI‐SCIS is superior to the JIM about 3 to 4 bit/s/Hz on average. In the high SNR region, the JIM scheme significantly outperforms TD‐EI‐SCIS not only in terms of the SE of PU about 10 bit/s/Hz but also in the aspect of the SE in the total network about 7 bit/s/Hz on average.
A spectral element discretization for quasi‐static magnetohydrodynamic flows
Authors: Brynjell‐Rahkola Mattias
Published: July 2024

The classical staggered spectral element method (SEM) is revisited and extended to quasi‐static magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows. In this realm, which is valid in the limit of vanishing magnetic Reynolds number, the evaluation of the Lorentz force in the momentum equation requires the electric current density, governed by Ohm's law and a charge conservation condition derived from Ampère's law, to be determined. Once discretized with the SEM, this translates into solving one additional problem for the electric potential involving the so‐called consistent Poisson operator. The method is well suited for fully three‐dimensional flows in complex geometries. Changes in resolution requirements aside, consideration of the electromagnetic quantities is estimated to increase the computational cost associated with MHD by about 40% relative to hydrodynamics. The accuracy and the capabilities of the scheme is demonstrated on a set of common flows from the MHD literature. Exponential convergence with polynomial order is confirmed for the electric current density.
Dynamic Returns Connectedness: Portfolio Hedging Implications During the COVID‐19 Pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine War
Authors: Rubbaniy Ghulame , Khalid Ali Awais , Syriopoulos Konstantinos , Polyzos Efstathios
Published: July 2024

We apply a Time‐Varying Parameter Vector Auto Regressive (TVP‐VAR) connectedness approach on global assets to investigate time‐varying dynamic connectedness, portfolio performance, and hedge effectiveness during COVID‐19 and the Russia–Ukraine war. With increased connectedness and the changing role of energy and soft commodities during these two events, we find the minimum correlation (connectedness) portfolio performing better during COVID‐19 and the Russia–Ukraine war and that cumulative returns of portfolios are higher during COVID‐19. Additionally, we find varying (stable) hedge effectiveness of equity market indices and soft commodities (cryptocurrencies). This paper provides specific insights to investors about using optimal portfolios and hedging during pandemics and military conflicts.
A historical cohort study with 27,754 individuals on the association between meat consumption and gastrointestinal tract and colorectal cancer incidence
Authors: Dankner Rachel , Chetrit Angela , Avraham Sivan Ben , Agay Nirit , Kalter‐Leibovici Ofra , Goldbourt Uri , Saliba Walid , Keinan‐Boker Lital , Shahar Danit , Freedman Laurence S.
Published: July 2024

In order to explore the association between meat consumption and gastrointestinal/colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and to estimate the Israeli population attributable fraction (PAF), we conducted a collaborative historical cohort study using the individual participant data of seven nutritional studies from the past 6 decades. We included healthy adult men and women who underwent a nutritional interview. Dietary assessment data, using food‐frequency or 24‐h recall questionnaires, were harmonized. The study file was linked to the National Cancer and death registries. Among 27,754 participants, 1216 (4.4%) were diagnosed with gastrointestinal cancers and 839 (3.0%) with CRC by the end of 2016. Using meta‐analysis methods applied to Cox proportional hazard models (adjusted for daily energy intake, sex, age, ethnic origin, education and smoking),100 g/day increments in beef, red meat and poultry consumption, and 50 g/day increment in processed meat consumption were associated with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals of 1.46 (1.06–2.02), 1.15 (0.87–1.52), 1.06 (0.89–1.26), and 0.93 (0.76–1.12), respectively, for CRC. Similar results were obtained for gastrointestinal cancer, although red meat consumption reached statistical significance (HR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.02–1.58). The PAFs associated with a reduction to a maximum of 50 g/day in the consumption of red meat were 2.7% (95%CI: −1.9 to 12.0) and 5.2% (0.3–13.9) for CRC and gastrointestinal cancers, respectively. Reduction of beef consumption to a maximum of 50 g/day will result in a CRC PAF reduction of 7.5% (0.7%–24.3%). While beef consumption was associated with gastrointestinal/CRC excess risk, poultry consumption was not. A substantial part of processed meat consumption in Israel is processed poultry, perhaps explaining the lack of association with CRC.
Clinicopathologic characteristics and prognostic factors of patients with surgically treated high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix: A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Lyu Yan‐hong , Liu Hai‐xia , Han Xue , Yuan Peng , Wang Ming‐yi , He Yuan‐yuan , Ge Jun‐li , Zou Wei , Jing Ru , Xin Cai‐shi , Yang Hong , Chen Bi‐liang , Chen Gao‐wen , Li Jia
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the prognostic factors and survival outcomes of patients with surgically treated high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix (NECC).

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective study involved 98 cervical cancer patients with stage IA2–IIA2 and IIIC1/2p high‐grade NECC. We divided the patients into two groups based on histology: the pure and mixed groups. All clinicopathologic variables were retrospectively evaluated. Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier methods were used for analysis.

Results

In our study, 60 patients were in the pure group and 38 patients were in the mixed group. Cox multivariate analysis showed that mixed histology was a protective factor impacting overall survival (OS) (P = 0.026) and progression free survival (PFS) (P = 0.018) in surgically treated high‐grade NECC. Conversely, survival outcomes were negatively impacted by ovarian preservation (OS: HR, 20.84; 95% CI: 5.02–86.57, P < 0.001), age >45 years (OS: HR, 4.50; 95% CI: 1.0–18.83, P = 0.039), tumor size >4 cm (OS: HR, 6.23; 95% CI: 2.34–16.61, P < 0.001), parity >3 (OS: HR, 4.50; 95% CI: 1.02–19.91, P = 0.048), and perineural invasion (OS: HR, 5.21; 95% CI: 1.20–22.53, P = 0.027). Kaplan–Meier survival curves revealed notable differences in histologic type (OS: P = 0.045; PFS: P = 0.024), chemotherapy (OS: P = 0.0056; PFS: P = 0.0041), ovarian preservation (OS: P = 0.00031; PFS: P = 0.0023), uterine invasion (OS: P < 0.0001; PFS: P < 0.0001), and depth of stromal invasion (OS: P = 0.043; PFS: P = 0.022).

Conclusion

Patients with mixed histologic types who undergo surgery for high‐grade NECC have a better prognosis. Meanwhile, ovarian preservation, tumor size >4 cm, parity >3, age >45 years and perineural invasion were poor prognostic predictors. Therefore, patients with high‐risk factors should be considered in clinical practice.
Introducing second‐trimester anatomic scanning for improved detection and management of congenital anomalies: Experience from a novice center in East Africa
Authors: Gudu Wondimu , Abdulkadir Abdulfatah , Wondafrash Mekitie
Published: July 2024

Objectives

The aim of the current study was to describe the magnitude and pattern of congenital anomalies on routine second‐trimester ultrasound and its practical implication in the management of pregnant women with fetal anomalies at a novice center in East Africa.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted from September 2021 to May 2022 among women who had second‐trimester anatomic scanning. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 23.1. Ethical clearance was obtained from the hospital's institutional review board and informed consent was obtained.

Results

The number of congenital anomalies was 45 of 1764 (2.55%). Most (41%) were in the age group 26–30 years and multigravida (62%). Average gestational age at anatomic scanning was 24 weeks. One or more risk factors for congenital anomalies were reported in 19 (31.0%) of the mothers. Most sonographic fetal abnormalities (51.7%) were reported in the central nervous system, followed by renal (18.0%) and skeletal (11.5%). Among the central nervous system anomalies, severe ventriculomegaly was the most common (38.7%), followed by Arnold‐Chiari malformation (19.4%). Thirty‐five (2%) of the mothers had a lethal fetal congenital anomaly and their pregnancy was terminated after counseling and informed consent.

Conclusions

The rate of congenital anomalies in this study is comparable with most international data. The introduction of second‐trimester anatomic scanning has led to timely termination of anomalous pregnancies, which contributes to reduction in direct and indirect costs of care and family's psychosocial distress and the stigma associated with the birth of and caring for a child with disability.
Understanding the role of parental warmth and its association with developmental trajectories of delinquency across cultures
Authors: Yun Hye‐Jung , Cui Ming
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Despite previous research delving into the trajectories of delinquency during adolescence and their links to parental warmth, there remains a notable gap in understanding cultural differences in these trajectories and associated factors. This study sought to address this gap by examining and comparing the levels and trajectories of delinquency, along with their association with parental warmth, between the United States and South Korea.

Method

The study included American adolescents (N = 5,665) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) at Wave I (1995), II (1996), and III (2001) and Korean adolescents (N = 3,449) selected from the Korean Youth Panel Survey at Wave I (2003), II (2004), and VI (2008). The participants, including both adolescent boys and girls at the age of 14/15 at Wave I, completed surveys at each wave.

Results

Results from latent growth curves showed that delinquency levels peaked in middle adolescence and declined thereafter in both countries. The initial level of delinquency was higher for American adolescents than for Korean adolescents, however, the slope of delinquency declined faster for American adolescents than for Korean adolescents. Further, the protective effect of parental warmth on delinquency was stronger for Korean adolescents than for American adolescents.

Conclusion

The cultural differences in the levels and trajectories of delinquency, along with the different strengths of the protective effect of parental warmth, highlight the importance of considering cultural contexts in understanding delinquency trajectories and the protective role of parental warmth against delinquency.
Oleanolic acid induces hepatic injury by disrupting hepatocyte tight junction and dysregulation of farnesoid X receptor‐mediated bile acid efflux transporters
Authors: Zeng Li , Huang Jianxiang , Wang Yi , Hu Yan , Zhou Shaoyu , Lu Yuanfu
Published: July 2024

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene compound that has been reported to cause cholestatic liver injury. However, the regulation and pathogenic role of bile acids in OA‐induced development of cholestatic liver injury remains largely unclear. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a metabolic nuclear receptor that plays an important role in bile acid homeostasis in the liver by regulating efflux transporters bile salt export pump (BSEP) and multidrug resistance‐associated protein 2 (MRP2). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of OA on hepatocyte tight junction function and determine the role of FXR, BSEP, and MRP2 in the mechanism of impairment of transport of bile acids induced by OA. Both in vivo and in vitro models were used to characterize the OA‐induced liver injury. The liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) was employed to characterize the efflux function of the transporters, and the results showed that OA caused a blockage of bile acids efflux. OA treatment resulted in decreased expression levels of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens‐1 and occludin. Immunofluorescence results showed that OA treatment significantly reduced the number of bile ducts and the immunofluorescence intensity. Pretreatment with agonists of FXR and MRP2, respectively, in animal experiments attenuated OA‐induced liver injury, while pretreatment with inhibitors of BSEP and MRP2 further aggravated OA‐induced liver injury. These results suggest that OA inhibits FXR‐mediated BSEP and MRP2, leading to impaired bile acid efflux and disruption of tight junctions between liver cells, resulting in liver damage.
Protective effects of 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid on myocardial infarction induced by isoproterenol in rats
Authors: Vincent Sikha , Stanely Shervin Prince , Ponnian Stanely Mainzen Prince
Published: July 2024

Despite considerable advances in interventions and treatment, there is a high mortality rate in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). This is the first study to investigate the protective effects of 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid against isoproterenol induced MI in rats. MI was induced by isoproterenol (100‐mg/kg body weight) in rats. Then, rats were treated with 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (16‐mg/kg body weight) for 2 weeks. Serum creatine kinase‐MB, cardiac troponin‐T, cardiac troponin‐I, and heart thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly (p < 0.05) increased and heart superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarcted rats. Isoproterenol induction significantly (p < 0.05) elevated the plasma homocysteine and serum high sensitivity‐C‐reactive protein levels. Furthermore, an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain study, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining revealed significantly (p < 0.05) elevated levels and expression of serum/myocardial nuclear factor‐κB, tumor necrosis factor‐alpha, interleukin‐1 beta, and Interleukin‐6 and significantly (p < 0.05) reduced levels/expression of serum/myocardial interleukin‐10 in myocardial infarcted rats. Nevertheless, isoproterenol‐induced rats treated with 3, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid considerably (p < 0.05) attenuated all the biochemical, molecular, and IHC parameters investigated and inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation and protected the heart, through its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms.
Selective and sensitive detection of 4‐nitrophenol in ecological water samples based on terbium tungstate anchored with graphitic nitride
Authors: Abinaya Meenakshi Ganesh , Sakthinathan Subramanian , Chiu Te‐Wei
Published: July 2024

In this work, the Tb2(WO4)3/C3N4 composite is for the electrochemical sensing of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP). Tb2(WO4)3 was prepared by hydrothermal method. Tb2(WO4)3 homogeneously functionalized with the g‐C3N4 by a noncovalent π–π interaction. Besides, field emission scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffraction studies, and energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy were utilized to characterize the prepared materials. Cyclic voltammetry and amperometry techniques were used to investigate the electrocatalytic behavior of prepared electrode materials. The reduction in 4‐NP exhibits high electrocatalytic activity, with best at working voltage with a linear response range of up to 1200 μM. Moreover, the SPCE/C3N4/Tb2(WO4)3 electrode exhibited a detection limit and sensitivity of 0.23 μM and 1.72 μAμM−1 cm−2, respectively. The electrode provides a workable platform for the analysis of 4‐NP in water samples and is highly reproducible and stable.
Adapting STEMM in Hawaiʻi: Necessary actions for one of the most diverse places in the United States
Authors: Neikirk Kit
Published: July 2024

Hawaiʻi's diverse population prime it to be an exemplary environment to study representation in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM). In actuality, Hawaiʻi has low STEMM enrollment and therefore, low representation in STEMM. What primarily inhibits Hawaiʻi from having a strong STEMM workforce is the lack of education in STEMM, resources allocated to STEMM, and mentorship to succeed in STEMM. Other factors such as cultural values, high costs of living, and geographical barriers also contribute to Hawaiʻi's low STEMM enrollment. To combat these issues, I offer suggestions to encourage STEMM enrollment, such as directing funds toward after‐school education. I also suggest combatting the lack of resources by providing more online opportunities for students and workers. As for Hawaiʻi's low mentorship, I suggest that more programs be created within communities and universities to create a platform for mentors and mentees to network. This manuscript seeks to highlight these areas of improvement and recognize lessons to be learned from Hawaiʻi, thus serving as a resource for individuals internationally.
Delta‐like noncanonical notch ligand 2 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of sheep myoblasts through the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Lixia , Yuan Chao , An Xuejiao , Kong Lingying , Zhang Dan , Chen Bowen , Lu Zengkui , Liu Jianbin
Published: July 2024

This study delved into the role of delta‐like noncanonical notch ligand 2 (DLK2) in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts, as well as its interaction with the classical Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in regulating myoblast function. The research revealed that upregulation of DLK2 in myoblasts during the proliferation phase enhanced myoblast proliferation, facilitated cell cycle progression, and reduced apoptosis. Conversely, downregulation of DLK2 expression using siRNA during the differentiation phase promoted myoblast hypertrophy and fusion, suppressed the expression of muscle fiber degradation factors, and expedited the differentiation process. DLK2 regulates myoblasts function by influencing the expression of various factors associated with the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, including CTNNB1, FZD1, FZD6, RSPO1, RSPO4, WNT4, WNT5A, and adenomatous polyposis coli. In essence, DLK2, with the involvement of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, plays a crucial regulatory role in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts.
Examining the association of neighborhood conditions on attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in autistic youth using the child opportunity index 2.0
Authors: Calub Catrina A. , Hertz‐Picciotto Irva , Bennett Deborah , Schweitzer Julie B.
Published: July 2024

Background

While neighborhood conditions have previously been shown to have substantial effects on later occupational, educational and health outcomes, this is the first study to examine the relation between neighborhood factors and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with autism and developmental delays.

Methods

Children from the CHARGE (Childhood Autism Risks from Genetics and the Environment) Study were evaluated at ages 2–5 years and then later in the ReCHARGE (follow‐up) Study at ages 8–20 years (mid‐childhood/adolescence). Using linear regression, we assessed associations between the Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI) at birth, a multidimensional neighborhood measure of childhood opportunity, and ADHD symptoms on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist at mid‐childhood/adolescence.

Results

Participants included a total of 524 youth (401 males; 123 females), composed of 246 autistic children (AUT), 85 children with Developmental Delays (DD) without autism, and 193 Typically Developing (TD) children. Mean age was 3.8 years (SD = 0.79) when evaluated at CHARGE and 13.5 years (SD = 3.69) when evaluated at ReCHARGE. Regression analyses revealed COI at birth significantly predicted ADHD symptoms during mid‐childhood/adolescence and early childhood diagnosis modified the COI effect. More specifically, COI significantly predicted ADHD symptoms in the AUT group, but not the TD or DD groups. Additional regression analyses indicated that this interaction was only present in the Social and Economic COI domain. Secondary analyses revealed autistic youth with High and Low Social and Economic COI domain scores had similar levels of ADHD symptoms during early childhood, but by mid‐childhood/adolescence, those with low Social and Economic COI domain scores had higher ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions

Among autistic, but not TD or DD youth, poorer neighborhood conditions at birth predict greater ADHD symptoms in later development. These findings have important clinical implications and highlight the need for increased and improved resources in poorer neighborhoods to reduce existing disparities in ADHD, a common neurodevelopmental impairment.