bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to parental stress among Chinese families of children with autism: A qualitative study
Authors: Huang Mary , Zhou Zheng
Published: December 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder that has grown in prevalence over the past few decades and has a tremendous impact on families that struggle with adjustment to this disorder. Initial exposure to such a disorder may be a significant source of stress and tribulation for Chinese families who are not familiar with mental health discourse and how to navigate community healthcare systems. More extensive research with this population is vital to understand how cultural values and perceptions of parenting self‐efficacy contribute to parenting stress and coping in Asian families. This qualitative study sought to gain understanding of the ways that Asian families coped with stress when they had a child diagnosed with ASD. Seven Chinese families living in New York, with children between the ages of two and five, who were diagnosed with ASD, participated in semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analyses generated primary themes that explored factors contributing to Chinese parental stress: Chinese parents’ perceived parenting self‐efficacy, parents’ adherence to traditional Asian values, parental patterns of coping, and overall satisfaction with the early intervention services which their children were receiving. Results can guide specialized assessment and intervention for professionals who work with Chinese families within clinical, school, and community settings. Implications for practices of psychology in schools, limitations of this current study, and future directions are also discussed.
Validation of the Lee‐Jones theoretical model of fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors using a structural equation modeling approach
Authors: Lucas Alexander R. , Pan Jun‐hao , Ip Edward H. , Hall Daniel L. , Tooze Janet A. , Levine Beverly , Mohr David C. , Penedo Frank J. , Cella David , Wagner Lynne I.
Published: December 2022

Objective

The Lee‐Jones model posits that antecedent individual and interpersonal factors predicate the development of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) through cognitive and emotional processing, which further to behavioral, emotional, and/or physiological responses. We analyzed data from FoRtitude, a FCR intervention grounded in the Lee‐Jones FCR model, to evaluate associations between FCR antecedents, resources (e.g., breast cancer self‐efficacy, BCSE) and psychological and behavioral consequences.

Methods

Women with breast cancer who completed treatment and reported clinically elevated levels of FCR were randomized into a 4‐week online psychosocial intervention or contact control group. We assessed BCSE, FCR, and physical activity, anxiety and depression, or symptoms at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Separate structural equation models were constructed with both baseline data and change scores (baseline‐8 weeks) to examine the pathways linking BCSE, FCR and: (1) physical activity; (2) anxiety and depression; and (3) symptoms (fatigue, sleep disturbance, cognitive concerns).

Results

At baseline, higher levels of BCSE were associated with lower levels of FCR. Higher FCR was associated with worse psychological effects and symptoms but not behavioral response. Change models revealed that an increase in BCSE was associated with a decrease in FCR at 8‐week assessment, which was associated with reductions in psychological effects. A change in BCSE was also directly associated with reductions in psychological effects.

Conclusions

Results support the Lee‐Jones model as a foundation for FCR interventions among breast cancer survivors. Replicability among varied populations is needed to examine effects on behavioral outcomes of FCR such as health care utilization.

Clinical Trials Registration: NCT03384992.
CMM—An enhanced platform for interactive validation of metal binding sites
Authors: Gucwa Michal , Lenkiewicz Joanna , Zheng Heping , Cymborowski Marcin , Cooper David R. , Murzyn Krzysztof , Minor Wladek
Published: December 2022

Metal ions bound to macromolecules play an integral role in many cellular processes. They can directly participate in catalytic mechanisms or be essential for the structural integrity of proteins and nucleic acids. However, their unique nature in macromolecules can make them difficult to model and refine, and a substantial portion of metal ions in the PDB are misidentified or poorly refined. CheckMyMetal (CMM) is a validation tool that has gained widespread acceptance as an essential tool for researchers working on metal‐macromolecule complexes. CMM can be used during structure determination or to validate metal binding sites in structural models within the PDB. The functionalities of CMM have recently been greatly enhanced and provide researchers with additional information that can guide modeling decisions. The new version of CMM shows metals in the context of electron density maps and allows for on‐the‐fly refinement of metal binding sites. The improvements should increase the reproducibility of biomedical research. The web server is available at https://cmm.minorlab.org.
Analysis of family histories suggests shared genetic risk for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Dodson Mark W. , Cirulis Meghan M. , Elliott C. Gregory
Published: December 2022

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and acute pulmonary embolism (PE) are related phenotypes, however, previous reports have suggested that genetic risk factors for CTEPH and PE differ. Here we report that a family history of VTE is equally frequent in individuals with CTEPH and PE, suggesting that shared genetic variants may influence risk of both phenotypes. We also provide the first estimate of the frequency of familial CTEPH, which we identified in 2.2% of CTEPH patients in our cohort.
Robust adaptive control for spacecraft attitude synchronization subject to external disturbances: A performance adjustable event‐triggered mechanism
Authors: Hu Wenfeng , Li Zichuang , Dai Ming‐Zhe , Huang Tingwen
Published: December 2022

This article addresses the leader‐following synchronization problem of multiple rigid spacecraft systems affected by external disturbances with the directed topology. An event‐triggered distributed observer is proposed to estimate the leader's state. By integrating a performance adjustable function (PAF) into the event‐triggered mechanism, the sampling frequency and estimation speed can be adjusted. Based on the event‐triggered distributed observer, an adaptive event‐triggered control scheme is proposed to aganist the external disturbances. With the adaptive event‐triggered control scheme, continuous communication between spacecraft is no longer required and Zeno‐free property can be guaranteed. The effectiveness of the theoretical results is verified by a numerous example.
Morphological response of the upper Yangtze Estuary to changes in natural and anthropogenic factors
Authors: Zhang Jiayue , Wang Zhichao , Dong Zhangzhan , Zhou Yuyan , Li Zijun , Cui Yurong , Zheng Shuwei
Published: December 2022

Globally, over the past few decades, extreme river channel deformation has been observed downstream of dams. Specially, estuarine channel deformation and its response to natural and anthropogenic factors are key issues influencing channel regulation and prediction of long‐term stability in large estuarine deltas. Herein, bathymetry data for the upper reaches of the Yangtze Estuary (YE), China was collected for the years 1995, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2019 to analyze the channel deformation process. Our findings show that the total erosion volume was approximately 11.22 × 108 m3, an equivalent of 15.7 × 108 t of sediment assuming a bulk density of 1.4 t/m3 for the riverbed material during 1995–2019. Meanwhile, the annual erosion rate is 0.63 Mt/year in 1995–2019, and the annual erosion rate is 0.90, 0.12, 0.40 Mt/year in 1995–2003, 2008–2013 and 2013–2019, respectively. Meanwhile, the annual deposition rate is 0.7 Mt/year during 2003–2008. Further analysis indicated that continuous reduction of the sediment load due to the construction of dams (e.g., the Three Gorges Dam) in the basin was a key factor influencing channel erosion over the past 24 years. The channel deformation process was characterized by severe erosion during 1995–2003, a deposition period during 2003–2008, a dynamic equilibrium period from 2008–2013, and an erosion period after 2013. Due to floods with maximum peak discharge lower than 70,000 m3/s, despite the annual sediment load is reduced, the channel deposition phenomenon occurred in 2003–2008. The channel changed from a depositional system to an erosion system during 2008–2013. After 2013, the channel was dominated by extensive erosion, severe local deposition, or severe local erosion as a response to anthropogenic interventions. These findings are of great significance to river management and regulation, as well as to the navigational safety.
Science faculty conceptions of equity and their association to teaching practices
Authors: Russo‐Tait Tatiane
Published: December 2022

Equity in education has been conceptualized in various ways, which provides different affordances and constraints for policy, research, and teaching decisions. Regarding the latter, there is a dearth of research on how postsecondary science faculty conceptualize equity and whether and how their understandings of equity may be informing their teaching and related practices. This study examined equity conceptions and reported teaching practices among 45 faculty members in a College of Sciences at a research intensive, historically White, public university in the United States. Thematic analysis showed that faculty conceptualized equity in three ways—“equality,” “inclusion,” or “justice”—and these conceptions were associated with instructor‐centered or student‐centered practices. Professors with “equality” conceptions of equity tended to report teaching mostly via lecture, while those with “inclusion” conceptions reported using active learning and/or inclusive teaching practices. Most professors with a “justice” conception went beyond active learning and inclusive practices to also include an emerging critical pedagogy. Conceptions of equity appear to inform how university science faculty see their roles in advancing equity in their classrooms. These findings provide a foundation for future research that seeks to support college science faculty's understandings of equity issues in higher education and the pedagogical practices necessary to ameliorate them.
Magneto‐Nanomechanical Array Biosensor for Ultrasensitive Detection of Oncogenic Exosomes for Early Diagnosis of Cancers
Authors: Mei Kainan , Yan Tianhao , Wang Yu , Rao Depeng , Peng Yongpei , Wu Wenjie , Chen Ye , Ren Min , Yang Jing , Wu Shangquan , Zhang Qingchuan
Published: December 2022

Exosomes are a class of nanoscale vesicles secreted by cells, which contain abundant information closely related to parental cells. The ultrasensitive detection of cancer‐derived exosomes is highly significant for early non‐invasive diagnosis of cancer. Here, an ultrasensitive nanomechanical sensor is reported, which uses a magnetic‐driven microcantilever array to selectively detect oncogenic exosomes. A magnetic force, which can produce a far greater deflection of microcantilever than that produced by the intermolecular interaction force even with very low concentrations of target substances, is introduced. This method reduced the detection limit to less than 10 exosomes mL−1. Direct detection of exosomes in the serum of patients with breast cancer and in healthy people showed a significant difference. This work improved the sensitivity by five orders of magnitude as compared to that of traditional nanomechanical sensing based on surface stress mode. This method can be applied parallelly for highly sensitive detection of other microorganisms (such as bacteria and viruses) by using different probe molecules, which can provide a supersensitive detection approach for cancer diagnosis, food safety, and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
Toward Efficient Wound Management: Bioinspired Microfluidic and Microneedle Patch
Authors: Wang Yuqiu , Gao Bingbing , He Bingfang
Published: December 2022

Microneedle (MN) patches hold demonstrated prospects in intelligent wound management. Herein, inspired by the highly folded structure of insect wings, a three‐dimensional (3D) origami MN patch with superfine miniature needle structures, microfluidic channels, and multiple functions was reported to detect biomarkers, release drugs controllably and monitor motions to facilitate wound healing. By simply replicating the pre‐stretched silicone rubber (Ecoflex) molds patterned by a laser engraving machine, the superfine structure MN patch with microfluidic channels was obtained from the restored molds. The bioinspired origami structure endows the MN patch with a high degree of functional integration, including microfluidic channels and electrocircuits. The microfluidic channels combined with the pH value and glucose concentration indicators enable the patch with the capability of biomarker sensing detection. Porous structures, a temperature‐responsive hydrogel, and a photothermal‐sensitive agent are utilized to form a controllable drug release system on the MN patch. Meanwhile, MXene electrocircuits were printed on the MN patch for motion sensing. In addition, the ability of the MN patch to accelerate wound healing was demonstrated by a mouse model experiment with full‐thickness skin wounds. These results indicate that the multifunctional 3D origami MN patch is a valuable intelligent strategy for wound management.
Assessing veterinary professionals’ ability to estimate length
Authors: Frapwell Emily , Filipas Malina Carmen , Alexander Akash
Published: December 2022

Background

This study aimed to assess the accuracy of veterinary professionals’ psychomotor and visual estimation of lengths.

Methods

Members of staff at a single veterinary referral hospital were asked a series of demographic questions. Respondents were first asked to draw lines of a specified length, while being blinded to their previous responses. Respondents were then shown lines on separate non‐standard‐size laminated sheets of paper and asked to estimate their length. A total of five estimations were made in each section, with lengths varying from 3 to 120 mm.

Results

A total of 101 respondents were assessed. The median absolute percentage error was 24.4% for psychomotor estimation and 33.3% for visual estimation. Respondents were significantly more accurate at psychomotor than visual estimation (p = 0.00024). Respondents tended to underestimate with psychomotor estimation and overestimate with visual estimation. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of veterinarians and veterinary nurses.

Limitation

When divided by demographic, not all sample sizes met the power calculation threshold, thus limiting their interpretation.

Conclusion

Veterinary professionals must recognise the limitations of estimating length using visual appraisal alone. Measuring devices should be utilised where appropriate.
Host and viral RNA dysregulation during BK polyomavirus infection in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Yaghobi Ramin , Afshari Afsoon , Roozbeh Jamshid
Published: December 2022

Early detection of BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infection in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) would enhance their quality of life and save the allograft. Still, many patients lose their grafted kidneys because of this infection. BKPyV microRNAs (miRNAs) have been detected in KTRs during viral infection. BKPyV produces two mature miRNAs that are named BKV‐miR‐B1‐5p and BKV‐miR‐B1‐3p. Additionally, BKPyV associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney transplanted patients cause changes in the expression level of host genes and miRNAs such as IFN‐ɣ, BCLA2A1, has‐miR‐10, and has‐miR‐30a. BKVAN can alter viral genes and miRNAs expression level, too, like viral miRNAs and T‐Ag. However, their potential value as viral infection markers and the regulatory network produced by their expression during viral‐host interactions needs more consideration since there are no approved medications for treating BKPyV‐related diseases in KTRs. Hence, it is vital to recognize complicated facts regarding the impact of BKPyV infection on the distribution of miRNAs and mRNAs within the host cell and the virus.

This article is categorized under:

Translation > Regulation

RNA Processing > Processing of Small RNAs

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Correction to: An Ambient and Pervasive Personalized Learning Ecosystem: “Smart Learning” in the Age of the Internet of Things
Authors: Betts Anastasia , Thai Khanh-Phuong , Gunderia Sunil , Hidalgo Paula , Rothschild Meagan , Hughes Diana
Published: December 2022

Chapter [“An Ambient and Pervasive Personalized Learning Ecosystem: “Smart Learning” in the Age of the Internet of Things”] was previously published non-open access. It has now been changed to open access under a CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book has also been updated with this change.
Supersymmetric quantum chiral higher spin gravity
Authors: Tsulaia Mirian , Weissman Dorin
Published: December 2022

Abstract

We study quantum properties of supersymmetric $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 extensions of the four dimensional bosonic Chiral Higher Spin Gravities (HiSGRAs). We discuss the spectra, the classical actions and define the Feynman rules in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superspaces in the light-front gauge. Using these Feynman rules, we compute tree and one-loop amplitudes for these systems. A dimensional reduction to a system with $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry and with massive higher spin fields is performed and quantum properties of this system are discussed.
On the geometry of the orthogonal momentum amplituhedron
Authors: Łukowski Tomasz , Moerman Robert , Stalknecht Jonah
Published: December 2022

Abstract

In this paper we focus on the orthogonal momentum amplituhedron $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
k, a recently introduced positive geometry that encodes the tree-level scattering amplitudes in ABJM theory. We generate the full boundary stratification of $$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
k for various k and conjecture that its boundaries can be labelled by so-called orthogonal Grassmannian forests (OG forests). We determine the generating function for enumerating these forests according to their dimension and show that the Euler characteristic of the poset of these forests equals one. This provides a strong indication that the orthogonal momentum amplituhedron is homeomorphic to a ball. This paper is supplemented with the Mathematica package orthitroids which contains useful functions for exploring the structure of the positive orthogonal Grassmannian and the orthogonal momentum amplituhedron.
Petrogenesis of extra-large flake graphite at the Bissett Creek deposit, Canada
Authors: Drever Cameron , Kinney Carson , Yakymchuk Chris
Published: December 2022

The petrogenesis of extra-large flake graphite is enigmatic. The Bissett Creek graphite deposit, consisting of flake graphite hosted in upper-amphibolite facies quartzofeldspathic gneisses and rare aluminous gneisses, provides an analogue for graphite exploration. In the Bissett Creek gneisses, graphite is homogeneously distributed and composes 2–10 vol. % of the rocks. Disseminated graphite flakes (~ 1 to 6 mm in size) are interleaved with biotite and are petrologically associated with upper-amphibolite facies metamorphic mineral assemblages. Thermobarometry and phase equilibrium modeling yield peak temperatures of > 760 °C at 0.5–0.9 GPa. Whole-rock samples with abundant graphite yield δ13CVPDB from − 28 to − 14‰. δ34SVCDT values of sulfide-bearing samples vary from 10 to 15‰. Sulfur and carbon isotope values are compatible with a biogenic origin, flake graphite probably formed from metamorphism of in situ organic material. However, the variability of δ13C values from the deposit along with graphite microstructures suggest that carbon-bearing metamorphic fluid (or melt) generated during metamorphism may have remobilized carbon resulting in anomalously large to extra-large flake sizes. This may be a common mechanism globally to explain large graphite flake sizes where graphite formed through in situ metamorphism of organic matter is coarsened due to remobilization of CO2-rich fluids (or melt) during high-temperature metamorphism.
Fast calculation of gravitational effects using tesseroids with a polynomial density of arbitrary degree in depth
Authors: Ouyang Fang , Chen Long-wei , Shao Zhi-gang
Published: December 2022

Fast and accurate calculation of gravitational effects on a regional or global scale with complex density environment is a critical issue in gravitational forward modelling. Most existing significant developments with tessroid-based modelling are limited to homogeneous density models or polynomial ones of a limited order. Moreover, the total gravitational effects of tesseroids are often calculated by pure summation in these methods, which makes the calculation extremely time-consuming. A new efficient and accurate method based on tesseroids with a polynomial density up to an arbitrary order in depth is developed for 3D large-scale gravitational forward modelling. The method divides the source region into a number of tesseroids, and the density in each tesseroid is assumed to be a polynomial function of arbitrary degree. To guarantee the computational accuracy and efficiency, two key points are involved: (1) the volume Newton’s integral is decomposed into a one-dimensional integral with a polynomial density in the radial direction, for which a simple analytical recursive formula is derived for efficient calculation, and a surface integral over the horizontal directions evaluated by the Gauss–Legendre quadrature (GLQ) combined with a 2D adaptive discretization strategy; (2) a fast and flexible discrete convolution algorithm based on 1D fast Fourier transform (FFT) and a general Toepritz form of weight coefficient matrices is adopted in the longitudinal dimension to speed up the computation of the cumulative contributions from all tesseroids. Numerical examples show that the gravitational fields predicted by the new method have a good agreement with the corresponding analytical solutions for spherical shell models with both polynomial and non-polynomial density variations in depth. Compared with the 3D GLQ methods, the new algorithm is computationally more accurate and efficient. The calculation time is significantly reduced by 3 orders of magnitude as compared with the traditional 3D GLQ methods. Application of the new algorithm in the global crustal CRUST1.0 model further verifies its reliability and practicability in real cases. The proposed method will provide a powerful numerical tool for large-scale gravity modelling and also an efficient forward engine for inversion and continuation problems.
Free groups generated by two parabolic maps
Authors: Kalane Sagar B. , Parker John R.
Published: December 2022

In this paper we consider a group generated by two unipotent parabolic elements of$$\textrm{SU}(2,1)$$SU(2,1)with distinct fixed points. We give several conditions that guarantee the group is discrete and free. We also give a result on the diameter of a finite$${\mathbb R}$$R-circle in the Heisenberg group.
Uniqueness of Unitary Structure for Unitarizable Fusion Categories
Authors: Reutter David
Published: December 2022

We show that every unitarizable fusion category, and more generally every semisimple $$\textrm{C}^*$$

C
∗

-tensor category, admits a unique unitary structure. Our proof is based on a categorified polar decomposition theorem for monoidal equivalences between such categories. We prove analogous results for unitarizable braided fusion categories and module categories.
Quantum Chern–Simons Theories on Cylinders: BV-BFV Partition Functions
Authors: Cattaneo Alberto S. , Mnev Pavel , Wernli Konstantin
Published: December 2022

We compute partition functions of Chern–Simons type theories for cylindrical spacetimes$$I \times \Sigma $$I×Σ, withIan interval and$$\dim \Sigma = 4l+2$$dimΣ=4l+2, in the BV-BFV formalism (a refinement of the Batalin–Vilkovisky formalism adapted to manifolds with boundary and cutting–gluing). The case$$\dim \Sigma = 0$$dimΣ=0is considered as a toy example. We show that one can identify—for certain choices of residual fields—the “physical part” (restriction to degree zero fields) of the BV-BFV effective action with the Hamilton–Jacobi action computed in the companion paper (Cattaneo et al., Constrained systems, generalized Hamilton–Jacobi actions, and quantization,arXiv:2012.13270), without any quantum corrections. This Hamilton–Jacobi action is the action functional of a conformal field theory on$$\Sigma $$Σ. For$$\dim \Sigma = 2$$dimΣ=2, this implies a version of the CS-WZW correspondence. For$$\dim \Sigma = 6$$dimΣ=6, using a particular polarization on one end of the cylinder, the Chern–Simons partition function is related to Kodaira–Spencer gravity (a.k.a. BCOV theory); this provides a BV-BFV quantum perspective on the semiclassical result by Gerasimov and Shatashvili.
A Second Order Upper Bound for the Ground State Energy of a Hard-Sphere Gas in the Gross–Pitaevskii Regime
Authors: Basti Giulia , Cenatiempo Serena , Olgiati Alessandro , Pasqualetti Giulio , Schlein Benjamin
Published: December 2022

We prove an upper bound for the ground state energy of a Bose gas consisting of N hard spheres with radius $$\mathfrak {a}/N$$

a
/
N

, moving in the three-dimensional unit torus $$\Lambda $$
Λ
. Our estimate captures the correct asymptotics of the ground state energy, up to errors that vanish in the limit $$N \rightarrow \infty $$

N
→
∞

. The proof is based on the construction of an appropriate trial state, given by the product of a Jastrow factor (describing two-particle correlations on short scales) and of a wave function constructed through a (generalized) Bogoliubov transformation, generating orthogonal excitations of the Bose–Einstein condensate and describing correlations on large scales.
Supersymmetric Black Holes with a Single Axial Symmetry in Five Dimensions
Authors: Katona David , Lucietti James
Published: December 2022

We present a classification of asymptotically flat, supersymmetric black hole and soliton solutions of five-dimensional minimal supergravity that admit a single axial symmetry which ‘commutes’ with the supersymmetry. This includes the first examples of five-dimensional black hole solutions with exactly one axial Killing field that are smooth on and outside the horizon. The solutions have similar properties to the previously studied class with biaxial symmetry, in particular, they have a Gibbons–Hawking base and the harmonic functions must be of multi-centred type with the centres corresponding to the connected components of the horizon or fixed points of the axial symmetry. We find a large moduli space of black hole and soliton spacetimes with non-contractible 2-cycles and the horizon topologies are $$S^3$$

S
3

, $$S^1\times S^2$$

S
1

×

S
2

and lens spaces L(p, 1).
Gluon Scattering on Self-Dual Radiative Gauge Fields
Authors: Adamo Tim , Mason Lionel , Sharma Atul
Published: December 2022

We present all-multiplicity formulae, derived from first principles in the MHV sector and motivated by twistor string theory for general helicities, for the tree-level S-matrix of gluon scattering on self-dual radiative backgrounds. These backgrounds are chiral, asymptotically flat gauge fields characterised by their free radiative data, and their underlying integrability is captured by twistor theory. Tree-level gluon scattering scattering amplitudes are expressed as integrals over the moduli space of holomorphic maps from the Riemann sphere to twistor space, with the degree of the map related to the helicity configuration of the external gluons. In the MHV sector, our formula is derived from the Yang–Mills action; for general helicities the formulae are obtained using a background-coupled twistor string theory and pass several consistency tests. Unlike amplitudes on a trivial vacuum, there are residual integrals due to the functional freedom in the self-dual background, but for scattering of momentum eigenstates we are able to do many of these explicitly and even more is possible in the special case of plane wave backgrounds. In general, the number of these integrals is always less than expected from standard perturbation theory, but matches the number associated with space-time MHV rules in a self-dual background field, which we develop for self-dual plane waves.
‘The Good, the Bad and the Ugly’ of terminology in Cross Domain Fusion
Authors: Gross Felix , Hundsdörfer Marie , Jung Reiner , Karstens Svenja , Wagner-Ahlfs Christian
Published: December 2022

This article is a contribution to the Informatik Spektrum special issue „Cross-Domain Fusion“ – Heft 2. Terminologies are paramount to establish robust communication within interdisciplinary working groups inside and outside academia. To find the “common language” is hence essential and sometimes a long way to go. Within the idea of Cross Domain Fusion, we want to tackle this issue from the very beginning. Therefore, we set up a database based on the open source MediaWiki content management system. In this dictionary, a dedicated consortium from different disciplines evaluates terminologies used in Cross Domain Fusion and provides them within the Dialogue:Wiki. The aim is to provide accessible insight into commonalities and differences between different domain-specific terminologies to foster cross domain exchange.
Integrated exome and transcriptome analysis prioritizes MAP4K4 de novo frameshift variants in autism spectrum disorder as a novel disease–gene association
Authors: Cesana M. , Vaccaro L. , Larsen M. J. , Kibæk M. , Micale L. , Riccardo S. , Annunziata P. , Colantuono C. , Di Filippo L. , De Brasi D. , Castori M. , Fagerberg C. , Acquaviva F. , Cacchiarelli D.
Published: December 2022

The application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to clinical practice is still hampered by the ability to interpret the clinical relevance of novel variants and the difficulty of evaluating their effect in specific tissues. Here, we applied integrated genomic approaches for interrogating blood samples of two unrelated individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders and identified a novel neuro-pathogenic role for the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 4 gene (MAP4K4). In particular, we identified two novel frameshift variants in coding exons expressed in the blood and neuronal isoforms. Both variants were predicted to generate non-sense-mediated decay. By transcriptome analysis, we simultaneously demonstrated the deleterious effect of the identified variants on the splicing activity and stability of MAP4K4 mRNA. Therefore, we propose MAP4K4 as a novel causative gene for non-syndromic and syndromic neurodevelopmental disorders. Altogether, we prove the efficacy of an integrated approach of exome and transcriptome sequencing in the resolution of undiagnosed cases by leveraging the analysis of variants in genes expressed in peripheral blood.
Quantum Meets Fine-Grained Complexity: Sublinear Time Quantum Algorithms for String Problems
Authors: Le Gall François , Seddighin Saeed
Published: December 2022

Longest common substring (), longest palindrome substring (), and Ulam distance () are three fundamental string problems that can be classically solved in near linear time. In this work, we present sublinear time quantum algorithms for these problems along with quantum lower bounds. Our results shed light on a very surprising fact: Although the classic solutions for and are almost identical (via suffix trees), their quantum computational complexities are different. While we give an exact$${{\tilde{O}}}(\sqrt{n})$$O~(n)time algorithm for , we prove that needs at least time$$\tilde{\Omega }(n^{2/3})$$Ω~(n2/3)even for 0/1 strings.
A simple method for perfect packing of squares of sidelengths $$n^{-1/2-\epsilon}$$
Authors: Januszewski Janusz
Published: December 2022

A simple method for perfect packing a square by squares of sidelengths$$1$$1,$$2^{-t}$$2-t,$$3^{-t}$$3-t,$$4^{-t},\ldots$$4-t,…is presented for$$1/2<t\leq 17/32$$1/2<t≤17/32.
Shock transmissions and business linkages among US sectors
Authors: Nguyen Linh Xuan Diep , Chevapatrakul Thanaset , Mateut Simona
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the shock spillovers between US sectors and their dependence on the intersectoral business linkages. Our forecast error variance decompositions reveal significant shock transmissions among trading sectors, especially in turbulent periods such as the financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. The dymamics of shock spillovers reflect the impacts of the pandemic on economic sectors. Shock spillovers are shown to be influenced by the strength of the intersectoral trading relationships. Shocks to a sector’s important supplier have a strong impact on the forecast error variance of the sector’s stock return. The total directional spillovers from/ to a sector are linked with the number of close commercial linkages between that sector and other sectors.
Transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulation of early ear-length development in maize
Authors: Meng Shujun , Huang Yuming , Lian Yujie , Chen Hui , Cao Xudong , Ding Dong , Chen Xiaoyang , Tang Jihua
Published: December 2022

Ear length is an important component of maize grain yield. However, the ear length is a complex quantitative trait, and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) 1283 displayed a longer ear length compared with the recipient parent Xu178. An RNA sequencing analysis of Xu178 and CSSL1283 ears during three undifferentiated ear developmental stages identified 1,991 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A gene ontology analysis of the DEGs showed that genes related to transcription factors and response to abiotic stimulus were significantly enriched. Furthermore, the expression of DEGs associated with AP2/EREBP and WRKY transcription factors and heat shock proteins was upregulated in CSSL1283. In addition, several genes encoding protein kinase were differentially expressed between Xu178 and CSSL1283. Our study provided a genetic resource for the dissection of the molecular mechanisms of ear-length development and for uncovering candidate genes to increase maize ear length.
The Estimation of Taylor-Quinney Coefficients Using Small Ring Specimens
Authors: Lavie W.J. , Rouse J.P. , Hyde C.J.
Published: December 2022

Background

The use of the Taylor-Quinney coefficient for introducing a thermal dissipation term into material models relies on understanding its dependencies. These are usually determined through extensive experimentation, wherein temperature variations are monitored in a test piece during mechanical loading.

Objective

This study aims to reduce the cost and time necessary to determining the dependencies of the Taylor-Quinney coefficient by proposing a novel small specimen inverse testing method and demonstrating its use on aluminium alloy 7175.

Methods

The method proposed is based on mechanical testing of a novel small ring specimen in parallel with FEA simulations. In the experiments, small rings of 7175-T7351 aluminium alloy, 20 mm in outer diameter, were loaded between two pins for different pin displacement rates (namely 1, 1.5 and 2 mm/s) at room temperature and the local specimen temperature field was monitored using an infra-red thermal camera. Fully coupled thermal-mechanical simulations of the tests were performed using a range of Taylor-Quinney coefficients, and the resulting temperature evolutions compared to the experimental results in order to determine appropriate coefficient values for the material.

Results

The method presented shows good repeatability and allows for clear observation of thermal dissipation. Taylor-Quinney values ranging 0.51-0.59 are reported for the 7175 alloy, in line with values reported in the literature for similar alloys. Density, specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity, fundamental thermal material properties necessary for the simulations, are also reported for the alloy.

Conclusions

The method detailed shows promise for determining Taylor-Quinney coefficients in a wide range of experimental conditions and is proposed as a cheap and fast alternative to full-scale specimen testing of Taylor-Quinney coefficients. Taylor-Quinney values obtained for 7175 aluminium are shown to be much lower than the value of 0.9 often proposed for materials.
Gruppensupervision mit Skype for Business® im behördlichen Kontext
Authors: Walpuski Volker Jörn
Published: December 2022

Dieser Beitrag reflektiert kritisch Erfahrungen mit der spezifischen Kollaborationssoftware mit Videokonferenzfunktion Microsoft Skype for Business® in Gruppensupervisionen im behördlichen Kontext. Darin werden Besonderheiten sowohl der Software als auch der organisationalen Setzungen sowie der Dominanz der IT für das supervisorische Setting herausgearbeitet. Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, wie diese organisationalen Setzungen wesentlich stärker als in präsenten Settings die Supervision beeinflussen und die Supervisionsgruppe – sowohl Supervisor wie Supervisand:innen – depotenzieren. Zudem wird ein erheblicher Mehraufwand an Kontraktierung erkennbar.
Cerebellar Degeneration Impairs Strategy Discovery but Not Strategy Recall
Authors: Tsay Jonathan S. , Schuck Lauren , Ivry Richard B.
Published: December 2022

The cerebellum is recognized to play a critical role in the automatic and implicit process by which movement errors are used to keep the sensorimotor system precisely calibrated. However, its role in other learning processes frequently engaged during sensorimotor adaptation tasks remains unclear. In the present study, we tested the performance of individuals with cerebellar degeneration on a variant of a visuomotor adaptation task in which learning requires the use of strategic re-aiming, a process that can nullify movement errors in a rapid and volitional manner. Our design allowed us to assess two components of this learning process, the discovery of an appropriate strategy and the recall of a learned strategy. Participants were exposed to a 60° visuomotor rotation twice, with the initial exposure block assessing strategy discovery and the re-exposure block assessing strategy recall. Compared to age-matched controls, individuals with cerebellar degeneration were slower to derive an appropriate aiming strategy in the initial Discovery block but exhibited similar recall of the aiming strategy during the Recall block. This dissociation underscores the multi-faceted contributions of the cerebellum to sensorimotor learning, highlighting one way in which this subcortical structure facilitates volitional action selection.
The Court of Justice of the European Union in the Case Law of the Polish Constitutional Court: The Current Breakdown in View of Polish Constitutional Jurisprudence Pre-2016
Authors: Sołtys Agnieszka
Published: December 2022

The current crisis in the relationship between the Polish Constitutional Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) is of crucial significance for the process of regional integration based on the values of liberal democracy taking place in the EU. The constitutional crisis in Poland that began in the end of 2015 has challenged the systemic position of the Polish Constitutional Court. It resulted in a new model of constitutional adjudication, and in this new model the Constitutional Court, stripped of its counter-majoritarian power, cannot be perceived as the guardian of liberal democracy. This article postulates that the assessment of the present case law of the Polish Constitutional Court in European matters is made through the prism of the Constitutional Court’s jurisprudence pre-2016 (i.e. before the constitutional crisis). Based on that assumption, the current reversal in the case law of the Polish Constitutional Court concerning the ECJ is analysed and assessed. It is argued that the root cause of the constitutional crisis in Poland is the departure from the principles of liberal democracy in the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court, which are foundational—in light of the assumptions of the integration process—for the axiological identity of the EU and its Member States. This article also shows how the principles and concepts developed in the Polish constitutional jurisprudence pre-2016 could have served to avoid the current conflict with the ECJ, and how those notions are misused in the current jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Court.
Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment of As-Cast Microstructure and Microporosity of γ-γ′ Co-based Superalloys
Authors: Migas Damian , Roskosz Stanisław , Moskal Grzegorz
Published: December 2022

The γ-γ′ Co-based alloys have attracted extensive attention as a new class of materials for high temperature applications. The work is focused on quantitative and qualitative microstructural characterization of selected γ-γ′ type Co-based superalloys obtained by gravity casting. The four Co-based alloys were prepared via vacuum induction melting. The microstructure was analyzed by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural parameters such as porosity and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) were evaluated by image analysis. The new Co-based superalloys are characterized by proper as-cast microstructure owing to low SDAS and limited microporosity. The values of secondary dendrite arm spacing are comparable for all alloys. The W-free alloys containing Mo and Nb exhibit substantially lower shrinkage porosity compared to those of Co–Al–W and Co–Ni–Al–W. Due to crystallization of Mo and Nb rich phases at lower temperatures, these alloys are characterized by higher solidification range.
Coastal Salinity and Water Management Practices in the Bengal Delta: A Critical Analysis to Inform Salinisation Risk Management Strategies in Asian Deltas
Authors: Feist Sean E. , Hoque Mohammad A. , Ahmed Kazi M.
Published: December 2022

Salinisation within delta environments is a dynamic process governed by the interaction between coastal, fluvial and geomorphological systems. Increasingly, these have been modified through human activity and management practices, which lead to unintended problems associated with waterlogging and salt accumulation in soils and water resources. As a result of these issues, over 100 million people in the Ganges–Brahmaputra and other Asian deltas are negatively affected by a lack of freshwater availability and decreased crop yields. Rising sea levels, climate change, and population increase are all likely to exacerbate these problems. Using an iterative approach of literature review, we analyse the evolution of water management practices and policy and how these have influenced salinity within the delta, with a conceptual framework of understanding developed to guide risk management strategies. We find that management of coastal flooding and salinisation is hampered by socio-economic conditions and the dynamic hydro-morphology of the delta, which has increasingly been altered through diversion and abstraction of upstream flow. Whilst engineering solutions protect large areas from inundation, interruption of natural flood-dynamics also increases the potential impact from storm-surge and fluvio-tidal flooding. To limit salinity, policies based on salinisation science, as well as the implementation of adequately financed, multi-layered, integrated risk management plans at the local, regional, and river basin levels, are required. The promotion of stakeholder engagement should be encouraged to ensure local co-operation and effective implementation of policies. The mitigation of the multiple and cascading hazards associated with salinisation caused by anthropogenic activity, climate change and socio-economic development is crucial for the populations of delta regions across Asia.
Trends in carbon capture technologies: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Ritchie Sean , Tsalaporta Elena
Published: December 2022

Climate change is an ever-present issue, which has a vast variety of potential solutions, one of which being carbon capture. This paper aims to use bibliometric analysis techniques to find trends in carbon capture within the technologies of adsorption, absorption, membranes, and hybrid technologies. The Web of Science core collection database performed bibliometric searches, with the ‘Bibliometrix’ plug-in for R software, performing the bibliometric analysis. Bibliometric data spanned across 1997–2020 and the investigation found that adsorption technologies dominated this period in terms of citations and articles, with hybrid technologies being the least produced but rising in scientific productivity and citations. The Analysis found China and the United States of America to be the dominant producers of articles, with global collaboration being central to carbon capture. The ‘International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control’ ranked as the top producer of articles however, the ‘ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces’ was the leading journal in terms of H-index.
Slavery in East Asia
Authors: Wyatt Don J.
Published: December 2022

In premodern China, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, just as in the far less culturally cohesive countries composing the West of the Middle Ages, enslavement was an assumed condition of servitude warranting little examination, as the power and profits it afforded to the slaver made it a convention pursued unreflectively. Slavery in medieval East Asia shared with the West the commonplace assumption that nearly all humans were potential chattel, that once they had become owned beings, they could then be either sold or inherited. Yet, despite being representative of perhaps the most universalizable human practice of that age, slavery in medieval East Asia was also endowed with its own distinctive traits and traditions. Our awareness of these features of distinction contributes immeasurably to a more nuanced understanding of slavery as the ubiquitous and openly practiced institution that it once was and the now illicit and surreptitious one that it intractably remains.