bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent development of the Met Office operational ocean forecasting system: an overview and assessment of the new Global FOAM forecasts
Authors: Blockley E. W. , Martin M. J. , McLaren A. J. , Ryan A. G. , Waters J. , Lea D. J. , Mirouze I. , Peterson K. A. , Sellar A. , Storkey D.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The Forecast Ocean Assimilation Model (FOAM) is an operational ocean analysis and forecast system run daily at the Met Office. FOAM provides modelling capability in both deep ocean and coastal shelf sea regimes using the NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) ocean model as its dynamical core. The FOAM Deep Ocean suite produces analyses and 7-day forecasts of ocean tracers, currents and sea ice for the global ocean at 1/4° resolution. Satellite and in situ observations of temperature, salinity, sea level anomaly and sea ice concentration are assimilated by FOAM each day over a 48 h observation window. The FOAM Deep Ocean configurations have recently undergone a major upgrade which has involved the implementation of a new variational, first guess at appropriate time (FGAT) 3D-Var, assimilation scheme (NEMOVAR); coupling to a different, multi-thickness-category, sea ice model (CICE); the use of coordinated ocean-ice reference experiment (CORE) bulk formulae to specify the surface boundary condition; and an increased vertical resolution for the global model. In this paper the new FOAM Deep Ocean system is introduced and details of the recent changes are provided. Results are presented from 2-year reanalysis integrations of the Global FOAM configuration including an assessment of short-range ocean forecast accuracy. Comparisons are made with both the previous FOAM system and a non-assimilative FOAM system. Assessments reveal considerable improvements in the new system to the near-surface ocean and sea ice fields. However there is some degradation to sub-surface tracer fields and in equatorial regions which highlights specific areas upon which to focus future improvements.
Assimilation of satellite data to optimize large-scale hydrological model parameters: a case study for the SWOT mission
Authors: Pedinotti V. , Boone A. , Ricci S. , Biancamaria S. , Mognard N.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. During the last few decades, satellite measurements have been widely used to study the continental water cycle, especially in regions where in situ measurements are not readily available. The future Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission will deliver maps of water surface elevation (WSE) with an unprecedented resolution and provide observation of rivers wider than 100 m and water surface areas greater than approximately 250 x 250 m over continental surfaces between 78° S and 78° N. This study aims to investigate the potential of SWOT data for parameter optimization for large-scale river routing models. The method consists in applying a data assimilation approach, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm, to correct the Manning roughness coefficients of the ISBA (Interactions between Soil, Biosphere, and Atmosphere)-TRIP (Total Runoff Integrating Pathways) continental hydrologic system. Parameters such as the Manning coefficient, used within such models to describe water basin characteristics, are generally derived from geomorphological relationships, which leads to significant errors at reach and large scales. The current study focuses on the Niger Basin, a transboundary river. Since the SWOT observations are not available yet and also to assess the proposed assimilation method, the study is carried out under the framework of an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE). It is assumed that modeling errors are only due to uncertainties in the Manning coefficient. The true Manning coefficients are then supposed to be known and are used to generate synthetic SWOT observations over the period 2002–2003. The impact of the assimilation system on the Niger Basin hydrological cycle is then quantified. The optimization of the Manning coefficient using the EKF (extended Kalman filter) algorithm over an 18-month period led to a significant improvement of the river water levels. The relative bias of the water level is globally improved (a 30% reduction). The relative bias of the Manning coefficient is also reduced (40% reduction) and it converges towards an optimal value. Discharge is also improved by the assimilation, but to a lesser extent than for the water levels (7%). Moreover, the method allows for a better simulation of the occurrence and intensity of flood events in the inner delta and shows skill in simulating the maxima and minima of water storage anomalies, especially in the groundwater and the aquifer reservoirs. The application of the assimilation method in the framework of an observing system simulation experiment allows evaluating the skill of the EKF algorithm to improve hydrological model parameters and to demonstrate SWOT's promising potential for global hydrology issues. However, further studies (e.g., considering multiple error sources and the difference between synthetic and real observations) are needed to achieve the evaluation of the method.
Natural stochasticity vs. management effort: use of year-to-year variance for disentangling significance of two mutually confounding factors affecting water quality of a Norwegian cold dimictic lake
Authors: Romarheim A. T. , Tominaga K. , Riise G. , Andersen T.
Published: November 2014

Natural stochasticity can pose challenges in managing the quality of the environment, or hinder understanding of the system structure. It is problematic because unfavourable stochastic event cancels the costly management effort and because favourable stochastic event overestimates success of the management effort. This paper presents a variance-based modelling method that can be used to quantify the extent to which the natural stochasticity can affect the target environment. We use a case study of a lake water quality assessment in a Norwegian lake of Årungen, together with a lake model MyLake, in order to present the method, and how this method could assist in answering scientific and managerial questions. Specifically, the case study's goal was to disentangle the respective significance of nutrient loading (management) and weather (the confounding natural stochasticity). Many scientifically and managerially relevant understandings have been revealed. For example, variation in runoff volume was most prevalent during autumn and winter, while variation in phosphorus inflow was most extensive from late winter to early spring. Thermal related properties in the lake were mostly determined by weather conditions, whereas loading was the most important factor for phytoplankton biomass and water transparency. Mild winters and greater inputs of suspended matter and phosphorus were followed by increased phytoplankton biomass and light attenuation. These findings suggest also that future changes in the global climate may have important implications for local water management decision-making. The present method of disentangling mutually confounding factors is not limited to lake water quality studies and therefore should provide certain utility in other application field of modelling.
A model of mudflow propagation downstream from the Grohovo landslide near the city of Rijeka (Croatia)
Authors: Žic E. , Arbanas Ž. , Bićanić N. , Ožanić N.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Mudflows regularly generate significant human and property losses. Analyzing mudflows is important to assess the risks and to delimit vulnerable areas where mitigation measures are required. In recent decades, modeling of the propagation stage has been largely performed within the framework of continuum mechanics, and a number of new and sophisticated computational models have been developed. Most of the available approaches treat the heterogeneous and multiphase moving mass as a single-phase continuum. The smoothed particle hydrodynamics model (SPH model) adopted here considers, in two phases, a granular skeleton with voids filled with either water or mud. The SPH depth integrated numerical model (Pastor et al., 2009a) used for the present simulations is a 2-D model capable of predicting the runout distance, flow velocity, deposition pattern and the final volume of mudflows. It is based on mathematical and rheological models. In this study, the main characteristics of mudflow processes that have emerged in the past in the area downstream of the Grohovo landslide are examined, and the more relevant parameters and attributes describing the mudflow are presented. Principal equations that form the basis of the SPH depth integrated model are reviewed and applied to analyze the Grohovo landslide and the propagation of the mudflow wave downstream of the landslide. Based on the SPH method, the runout distance, quantities of the deposited materials and the velocity of mudflow progression which occurred in the past at the observed area are analysed and qualitatively compared to the recorded consequences of the actual event.
Time dependent Long's equation
Authors: Humi M.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. Long's equation describes steady-state two-dimensional stratified flow over terrain. Its numerical solutions under various approximations were investigated by many authors. Special attention was paid to the properties of the gravity waves that are predicted to be generated as a result. In this paper we derive a time-dependent generalization of this equation and investigate analytically its solutions under some simplifications. These results might be useful in the experimental analysis of gravity waves over topography and their impact on atmospheric modeling.
Evaluation of wet troposphere path delays from atmospheric reanalyses and radiometers and their impact on the altimeter sea level
Authors: Legeais J.-F. , Ablain M. , Thao S.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The assessment of long-term errors in altimeter sea level measurements is essential for studies related to the mean sea level (MSL) evolution. One of the main contributors to the long-term sea level uncertainties is the correction of the altimeter range from the wet troposphere path delay, which is provided by onboard microwave radiometers for the main altimeter missions. The wet troposphere correction (WTC) derived from the operational European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) atmospheric model is usually used as a reference for comparison with the radiometer WTC. However, due to several improvements in the processing, this model is not homogenous over the altimetry period (from 1993 onwards), preventing the detection of errors in the radiometer WTC, especially in the first altimetry decade. In this study, we determine the quality of WTC provided by the operational ECMWF atmospheric model in comparison with the fields derived from the ERA-Interim (ECMWF) and the National Centers for Environmental Predictions/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalyses. Separating our analyses on several temporal and spatial scales, we demonstrate that ERA-Interim provides the best modeled WTC for the altimeter sea level at climate scales. This allows us to better evaluate the radiometer WTC errors, especially for the first altimetry decade (1993–2002), and thus to improve the altimeter MSL error budget. This work also demonstrates the relevance of the interactions between the "altimetry" and "atmosphere" communities, since the expertise of each is of benefit to the other.
Polyphase evolution of Pelagonia (northern Greece) revealed by geological and fission-track data
Authors: Schenker F. L. , Fellin M. G. , Burg J.-P.
Published: November 2014

Abstract. The Pelagonian zone, between the External Hellenides/Cyclades to the west and the Axios/Vardar/Almopia zone (AVAZ) and Rhodope to the east, was involved in late Early Cretaceous and in Late Cretaceous-Eocene orogenic events whose duration are still controversial. This work constrains their late thermal imprints. New and previously published zircon (ZFT) and apatite (AFT) fission-track ages show cooling below 240°C of the metamorphic western AVAZ imbricates between 102 and 93–90 Ma, of northern Pelagonia between 86 and 68 Ma, of the eastern AVAZ at 80 Ma and of western Rhodope at 72 Ma. At the regional scale, this heterogeneous cooling is coeval with subsidence of Late Cretaceous marine basin(s) that unconformably covered since 100 Ma the Early Cretaceous (130–110 Ma) thrust system. Thrusting restarted at 70 Ma in the AVAZ and migrated across Pelagonia to reach the External Hellenides at 40–38 Ma. Renewed thrusting in Pelagonia is attested at 68 Ma by abrupt and rapid cooling below 240°C and erosion of the basement rocks. ZFT and AFT in western and eastern Pelagonia, respectively, set at 40 Ma the latest thermal imprint related to thrusting. Central-eastern Pelagonia cooled rapidly and uniformly from 240 to 80°C between 24 and 16 Ma in the footwall of a major extensional fault. Extension started even earlier, at 33 Ma in the western AVAZ. Post-7 Ma rapid cooling is inferred from inverse modeling of AFT lengths. It occurred while E–W normal faults were cutting Pliocene-to-recent sediment.
Monitoring the treatment of myocardial stunning syndrome after acute carbon monoxide poisoning using arterial pulse wave analysis: a case report
Authors: Soulountsi Vasiliki , Lavrentieva Athina , Karali Vasiliki , Nakou Chrysa , Bitzani Militsa
Published: November 2014

Myocardial injury due to acute carbon monoxide intoxication is often refractory to standard resuscitation methods. Levosimendan is a new inotropic agent that is used in the treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. We report a case of severe cardiopulmonary compromise after exposure to carbon monoxide in a 40-year-old woman who was monitored using transthoracic echocardiography and the arterial pulse contour analysis system (FloTrac) and successfully treated with levosimendan.
The process of implementing a new working method - a project towards change in a Swedish psychiatric clinic
Authors: Alverbratt Catrin , Carlström Eric , Åström Sture , Kauffeldt Anders , Berlin Johan
Published: November 2014

The implementation of evidence-based methods in hospital settings is difficult and complex. The aim of the present study was to highlight the implementation process concerning a new working method, i.e. a new assessment tool, based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF), among psychiatric nursing staff on five participating wards at a Swedish county hospital. Descriptive, qualitative data were collected through focus group interviews pre- and post-implementation. Data were analysed using directed content analysis, guided by Normalization Process Theory (NPT). The results revealed that just one of the five participating wards met the criteria for a successful implementation process. The results confirm previous studies showing the difficulty of implementation. Although participants agreed with the intention of the model, they were reluctant to apply it in practice. The implementation process seemed to be influenced by factors such as: time pressure; heavy workload; stress; lack of routines in using the tool; lack of nursing staff; as well as cultural characteristics and resistance to change.
Climbing therapy under PK-tailored prophylaxis
Authors: Schmit E. , Czepa D. , Kurnik K. , Spannagl M. , Stemberger M.
Published: November 2014

Climbing has a low risk of injury and strengthens the entire musculature. Due to its benefits in physical and mental health as well as its high fun factor climbing is an established way of therapy. So far, the usefulness of climbing therapy has not been shown for people with haemophilia (PWH). A crucial requirement for physical activity in PWH is regular prophylaxis. As the patient’s individual pharmacokinetic (PK) response varies significantly, PK-tailored prophylaxis may decrease bleeding frequency. Case report: We describe a man (age 25 years) with severe haemophilia A who took part in an 8.5-month weekly climbing program under PK-tailored prophylaxis. Bleeding frequency, factor consumption, joint health (Haemophilia Joint Health Score, HJHS), quality of life (Haemo-QoL-A) and climbing performance (UIAA scale) were assessed before and after the training. Prior to the study, the patient was on demand treatment. The patient was started on standard prophylaxis for a 2 months period and then observed for 6.5 months under PK-tailored prophylaxis. PK-tailored prophylaxis was targeted to a trough level of 1–3%. For high-impact activities a factor activity >15%, for low-impact activities a factor activity >5% was suggested. Results: Climbing therapy was safe. The bleeding rate decreased from 14 (2012) to 1 (during the study period of 8.5 months). The one bleeding event was due to a missed infusion and was not triggered by physical activity. The elimination half-life using Bayesian statistics was determined to be 16h. Using this half-life for PK-tailored prophylaxis reduced the factor VIII consumption in comparison to standard prophylaxis. Joint health was particularly improved in the categories range of motion and swelling. Quality of life scores stayed at a high level. Climbing performance improved by 1 grade. Conclusio: The combination of PK-tailored prophylaxis with therapeutic climbing improved clinical outcome in this young adult with severe haemophilia. The tailored concept for high- and low-impact activities appeared to be safe.
Successful second ITI with factor IX and combined immunosuppressive therapy
Authors: Schneppenheim R. , Schrum J. , Bokemeyer C. , Langer F. , Holstein K.
Published: November 2014

Immune tolerance induction (ITI) in patients with haemophilia B and inhibitors may be complicated by anaphylactic reactions and nephrotic syndrome with lower success rates than in haemophilia A (25% vs. 50–90%). According to case reports, immunosuppressive therapy in addition to high doses of factor IX (FIX) appears to be promising. We report an 18-year-old patient with severe haemophilia B and a FIX inhibitor with a maximum titre of 2.6 Bethesda units and allergic skin reactions to FIX infusions. At 5 years of age, this patient already had a FIX inhibitor with allergic reactions to FIX and activated prothrombin complex concentrate. ITI at 11 years of age with high-dose FIX, de-xamethasone, rituximab, mycophenolate mofetil and intravenous immunoglobulins had induced a sustained response until the current presentation.

The patient was restarted on the same ITI regimen with aforementioned immunosup-pressants, which were initiated one week before high-dose FIX. No allergic reactions, nephrotic syndrome or serious infection occurred during ITI. The FIX inhibitor was unde-tectable after five weeks of treatment and remained so until 19 months of follow-up.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN NON-HOMOGENEOUS BOOLEAN MODELS: AN APPLICATION TO PLANT DEFENSE RESPONSE
Authors: Gallego Maria Angeles , Ibanez Maria Victoria , Simó Amelia
Published: November 2014

Many medical and biological problems require to extract information from microscopical images. Boolean models have been extensively used to analyze binary images of random clumps in many scientific fields. In this paper, a particular type of Boolean model with an underlying non-stationary point process is considered. The intensity of the underlying point process is formulated as a fixed function of the distance to a region of interest. A method to estimate the parameters of this Boolean model is introduced, and its performance is checked in two different settings. Firstly, a comparative study with other existent methods is done using simulated data. Secondly, the method is applied to analyze the longleaf data set, which is a very popular data set in the context of point processes included in the R package spatstat. Obtained results show that the new method provides as accurate estimates as those obtained with more complex methods developed for the general case. Finally, to illustrate the application of this model and this method, a particular type of phytopathological images are analyzed. These images show callose depositions in leaves of Arabidopsis plants. The analysis of callose depositions, is very popular in the phytopathological literature to quantify activity of plant immunity.
Impacts of Metering on Residential Water Use in California
Authors: Tanverakul Stephanie A. , Lee Juneseok
Published: November 2014

The impact of water metering on residential household consumption was evaluated in the inland Northern and Central California cities of Bakersfield, Chico, and Visalia. In 2009, California Water Service Co. (Cal Water) began a process of installing water meters on unmetered single‐family residences and switching from unmetered flat rates to volumetric billing rates. Panel data were studied for two groups: single‐family residences being metered for the first time (treatment group) and already‐metered single‐family residences (comparison group). In Bakersfield, Chico, and Visalia, unmetered residences used more water than comparable metered residences by an average of 15, 22, and 31%, respectively. After six months of metering, average monthly water consumption decreased within the newly metered residences by 21% in Bakersfield, 13% in Chico, and 17% in Visalia. This research shows the impacts of meter installation on residential water conservation efforts and should be helpful in planning water utility conservation programs.
Probabilistic Hazardous Materials Contamination Model for a Municipal Water Source
Authors: Carr James R. , Stoddard Shawn W.
Published: November 2014

In 1997 conditional probability was used to assess the frequency of contamination of the Truckee River by hazardous material (hazmat) released during a rail or highway accident. A Great Basin stream originating at Lake Tahoe, Calif., and terminating at Pyramid Lake, Nev., the Truckee River is the principal water source for the Reno–Sparks (Nev.) metropolitan region. The 1997 probabilistic assessment was based on sparse to nonexistent data for accident frequency and other factors. Assumptions made during the 1997 study were reassessed in 2007 using a significantly more comprehensive database for rail and highway accidents and hazmat incidents. The 2007 assessment confirmed that estimates of hazmat contamination probability (likelihood) were reasonable and even low. Consequently, the operational plan to be implemented, should a hazmat contamination occur, relies on estimates of arrival times coupled with the ability to shut down water treatment plants and rely on groundwater resources during such an emergency.
3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-Based Bioanalytical Procedures for Potential In Vitro Diagnostics
Authors: Sandeep Kumar Vashist
Published: November 2014

Editorial
Monitoring and Measuring Surface Water in Semi-Arid Environment Using Satellite Data: A Case Study of Karachi
Authors: Lubna Ghazal  , Syed Jamil H. Kazmi
Published: November 2014

Water is a dynamic and precious resource for all living creatures. Its significance is imperative for different sectors of economy at global and regional level. Sustainable use of land resources such as water is vital to carryout fundamental chores and has become an important area of investigation in developing and developed countries. Pakistan is an under developing country with agro-based economy and it is among the top of those countries which are facing acute water scarcity. World Bank has projected that by 2025 severe food shortage could be caused in Pakistan due to water scarcity.Karachi is the most populous city of Pakistan with high consumption of water and food but semi arid climate conditions and drastic variability in rainfall pattern make it prone to desertification and drought. In Karachi Hydrological drought is closely associated with agricultural drought. Hence, monitoring, quantification and mapping of water is vital for better planning.This Study is aimed at monitoring spatio-temporal variation of surface water in Karachi using Geoinformatic techniques. For this purpose four satellite images of Landsat -7 ETM + were used. Through NDWI spatial distribution of water and its seasonal variation was observed and maps of water availability in each Union council of Karachi using software ArcMap 10.1 were also developed for the quick and better interpration. Use of modern state of the art Remote sensing data coupled with GIS for the monitoring of land resources has proved very significant for evaluating the potential of resources in different administrative units for planning and decision making.
“It’s not easy but it's still possible to be an abstainer here”: Non-Drug Use Among Young Men in a Slum Area in Makassar, Indonesia
Authors: Nasir Sudirman , Rosenthal Doreen , Moore Timothy
Published: November 2014

This qualitative study explores the social context and protective factors that enable young men in a slum area (lorong) in Makassar, Indonesia, to abstain from using drugs. Semi-structured interviews, conducted with fifteen male non-drug users in the lorong showed, despite living in a drug risk environment, non-drug users were involved in neither the drug scene nor street culture. There were two main reasons for this: their employment opportunities, albeit in low paid jobs and the informal economy, and their schooling. These non-users asserted that respectability and the status of rewa (a local construct of masculinity) should and could be achieved through traditional means, i.e. employment providing legitimate income and education leading to a career. Their work provides both direct benefit, i.e. legitimate income (economic capital), and indirect benefits such as meaningful activities and structured time. Employment and schooling also generated a respectable identity (symbolic and cultural capital), wider social networks (bridging social capital) and the opportunity for upward mobility. All of these enable them to have a stake within mainstream society and are incentives for them to abstain from drug taking. This study demonstrates the crucial role of direct and indirect benefits of employment and of economic, symbolic, cultural and social capital in understanding the social context of non-drug use among young men in the lorong. The findings suggest protagonists of drug policy reform and implementation in Indonesia should be more cognizant of social marginalization in the lorong, and of the need to improve young people’s access to employment and education, in order to decrease the likelihood of drug initiation and use.
A Bio-Social Review to Mitigate the Punishment of Unwanted Acts
Authors: Alimardani Armin , Ardekani Ali M. , Astany Leila R.
Published: November 2014

Commitment of crime and exhibition of antisocial behavior have been considered as negative acts from early times of human civilization. Recent scientific advances have identified contributions of biological and sociological (environmental factors) factors in forming a maladaptive behavior. Generally, it is accepted by many scholars that punishing a wrongdoer, who has committed a crime owing to genetic predispositions and environmental elements, is not effective and forms of treatments should be replaced to avoid repeating a crime. Moreover, by identifying genetic deficiencies in an individual, an antisocial behavior could be potentially predicted and prevented before it comes to pass. On a whole, genetic and environmental factors, sometimes solely and some other times collaboratively, lead a person to act against society norms. In summary, this body of literature offers examples that explain factors which contribute to committing crimes and approaches which inhibit antisocial behavior. With regard to these aims, we suggest that punishment of criminals who are predisposed genetically in the same manner as other delinquencies is not justifiable and a reduction of punishment should be applied to such individuals. Moreover, by eliminating each of negative elements which contribute to antisocial behavior or crime, we can be more certain that the offender will not repeat antisocial acts after being released.
Levantamento de lesões na região bucomaxilofacial em vítimas de violência periciadas no Instituto Médico Legal (IML) de Feira de Santana-BA, entre 2007 e 2009
Authors: Pimenta Rodolfo Macedo Cruz , Matos Felipe Rafael Rios Oliveira , Silva Mona Lisa Cordeiro Asselta da , Rodrigues Ana Áurea Alécio de Oliveira , Marques Jeidson Antônio Morais , Musse Jamilly de Oliveira
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil das vítimas e agressores, segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas e manifestações clínicas orofaciais em Feira de Santana-Bahia, no período de 2007-2009. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo descritivo utilizando dados secundários coletados no Instituto Médico Legal de Feira de Santana, nos anos de 2007 a 2009. Foram consultadas as características sócio-demográficas da vítima; vínculo da mesma com o agressor; caracterização do instrumento; descrição das lesões quanto aotipo e localização; avaliação do dano causado. Após a tabulação dos dados, realizou-se a análise estatística dos mesmos através do programa SPSS, versão 15.0. Resultados: A maioria das vítimas pertenceu ao sexomasculino, eram solteiras, faiodermas e apresentaram idade entre 18 e 35 anos. Quanto ao tipo de lesão, houve destaque para o edema (14,8%), a fratura dentária (14,8%) e a luxação dentária (11,2%). As estruturasintra-orais mais afetadas foram os dentes e a mucosa labial, com 54,6% e 30,9%, respectivamente. No exame extra-oral as regiões bucal (39%) e malar (10,3%) apresentaram um comprometimento maior. O emprego doinstrumento contundente foi mais comum, na maioria das agressões. Conclusão: Houve um maior número de vítimas do sexo masculino, solteiro, estudante, faioderma e com idade entre 18 e 35 anos. Na maioria doslaudos não havia informações sobre o agressor. O instrumento contudente foi o mais utilizado no momento da agressão. O edema e a fratura dentária foram os principais tipos de lesões resultantes da violência. Osresultados desta pesquisa denotam a necessidade de implementação de programas preventivos da violência nas áreas de saúde e de segurança pública.Descritores: Odontologia Legal. Violência. Epidemiologia.
Resistência à fratura de dentes com restaurações MOD: efeito da matriz resinosa e do método de fotoativação.
Authors: Silva Maria Goreti da , Prates Luiz Henrique Maykot , Chain Marcelo Carvalho
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito de dois compósitos, de diferentes matrizes poliméricas, e da técnica de fotoativação, sobre a resistência à fratura, por compressão, de pré-molares superiores com restaurações declasse II. Materiais e Métodos: Cavidades MOD foram preparadas em 56 pré-molares superiores, simulando tratamentos endodônticos. Os dentes foram divididos em quatro grupos (n=14): G1 - fotoativação convencional,restauração com Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE) e adesivo Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE); G2 - fotoativação pulso tardio, restauração Filtek Z350XT e adesivo Adper Single Bond2; G3 - fotoativação convencional, restauraçãoFiltek P90 (3M ESPE) e adesivo próprio da Filtek P90 (3M ESPE); e G4 - fotoativação pulso tardio, restauração Filtek P90 e adesivo próprio da Filtek P90. No G1 e G3 (fotoativação convencional), a aplicação de compósitofoi em incrementos de 2 mm, cada incremento fotoativado por 40 segundos, com aparelho LED, intensidade de 500 mW/cm2, aferida com radiômetro (Demetron). No G2 e G4 (fotoativação por pulso tardio) aplicação decompósito também foi com incrementos de 2mm, porém, cada incremento fotoativado, inicialmente durante 5s., com 300 mW/cm2. Após um período de 5 minutos foi realizada fotoativação, por 40s., intensidade de500 mW/cm2. A fotoativação foi repetida para cada incremento. Após 24 horas, os espécimes foram polidos e submetidos ao teste de compressão, com ponta ativa de formato cilíndrico/arredondado (Instron-0,5mm/min). Para análise estatística foi usado ANOVA 2 e Teste de Tukey (p > 0,05). Resultados: Os valores médios (newtons) foram: G1 - 1157,98 (±444,62); G2 - 1404,14 (±391,82); G3 - 1255,30 (±422,34); e G4 - 1213,76(±419,95). A resistência à fratura, por compressão, dos pré-molares com restaurações MOD foi estatisticamente similar nos quatro grupos avaliados. Conclusão: Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas relacionadasaos dois compósitos, com diferentes matrizes poliméricas e diferentes métodos de fotoativação.Descritores: Resinas compostas. Força compressiva. Polimerização.
Conduta dos cirurgiões dentistas de Alfenas/MG frente ao tratamento emergencial de pacientes com avulsão dentária.
Authors: Lima Daniela Coelho de , Pereira Alessandro Aparecido , Swerts Andressa Araújo , Fernandes Leandro Araújo
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar a conduta dos cirurgiões dentistas de Alfenas/MG frente ao tratamento emergencial de dentes avulsionados. Materiais e Métodos: Foram entrevistados 72 profissionais, por meio de um questionário semiestruturado, analisando gênero, idade e período de experiência profissional e questões específicas como conduta do dentista frente a uma lesão dentária do tipo avulsão, em diversas situações clínicas. Resultados: Cinquenta cirurgiões dentistas (69,4%) atenderam algum caso de avulsão, mas apenas 8% relataram ser uma prática rotineira. Em relação ao tempo ideal para a realização de um reimplante dentário, 56 profissionais (77,8%) afirmaram ser imediatamente ou no máximo 30 minutos após o trauma. Quanto ao tratamento imediato do alvéolo, 52,8% dos pesquisados irrigariam o alvéolo com solução salina (NaCl 0,9%), sem remover o coágulo, e, quando tardiamente, 59,7% curetariam para a remoção do coágulo e irrigariam comsolução salina. Além disso, 52,8% afirmaram realizar contenção com fio flexível. Quanto ao ajuste oclusal, 54,2% dos entrevistados responderam que deixariam o dente em infra-oclusão. Conclusão: Os resultadosobservados sugerem que os cirurgiões dentistas de Alfenas/MG realizam condutas adequadas com relação à avulsão dentária, quando comparados aos protocolos estabelecidos na literatura15.Descritores: Avulsão Dentária; Reimplante Dentário; Tratamento de Emergência.
Medicações intracanal e sistêmica utilizadas por cirurgiões-dentistas das unidades de saúde da família para tratamento de urgência do abscesso periapical agudo.
Authors: Garcia Nayara A’vila , Santos Almira Alves Braga dos , Ângelo Angelinne Ribeiro , Veloso Heloísa Helena Pinho , Ferreira Glauco dos Santos , Queiroga Andréa Sarmento
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar quais são as medicações sistêmica (MS) e intracanal (MIC) utilizadas pelos cirurgiões-dentistas para tratamento de urgência do abscesso periapical agudo (APA), nas Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs) do município de João Pessoa/PB. Materiais e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 130cirurgiões-dentistas que responderam a um questionário com perguntas relativas às MS e MIC para tratamento de urgência do APA em suas três fases de evolução: inicial, em evolução e evoluída. Os dados foram registradosna forma de banco de dados do programa de informática SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) para Windows®, versão 15.0 e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva. Resultado: O paramonoclorofenol canforado (PMCC) foi a MIC mais empregada, independente da fase do APA, seguida por tricresol formalina, hidróxido de cálcio, formocresol, hipoclorito de sódio e Otosporin®. Na fase evoluída, observou-se que a maioria dos profissionais (34,62%) tende a não utilizar MIC deixando o dente aberto para drenagem. A MS mais utilizada foi o antimicrobiano, independente da fase do APA, seguido por anti-inflamatório e analgésico. A dipirona, o ibuprofeno e a amoxicilina foram o analgésico, o anti-inflamatório e o antimicrobiano de primeiraescolha, respectivamente. Conclusão: O PMCC foi a medicação intracanal mais utilizada e o antimicrobiano a medicação sistêmica mais citada independente da fase de evolução do APA.Descritores: Abscesso periapical. Sistemas de medicação. Irrigantes do canal radicular.
Inclusão da Odontologia no cenário hospitalar da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, MG
Authors: Miclos Paula Vitali , Junior Manoelito Ferreira Silva , Oliveira Cecília Maria Soares Carvalho , De Oliveira Maria Aparecida
Published: November 2014

Objetivo: Verificar a inclusão da Odontologia no contexto hospitalar dos hospitais de grande porte da região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte – MG (RMBH) através dos insumos odontológicos e a inter-relação de profissionais de saúde no cenário da odontologia hospitalar. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal realizado por meio de entrevista, conduzida por apenas uma entrevistadora, com o cirurgião-dentista responsável pelo setor odontológico dos hospitais de grande porte da RMBH que tinhamatendimento odontológico. Os dados coletados foram tabulados no Excel 2003 (Microsoft®) em frequências absolutas e relativas. Resultados: 66,67% dos hospitais de grande porte da RMBH prestam assistência odontológica sendo que 64,28% destes hospitais com serviços odontológicos existem há mais de 16 anos. Os jogos de instrumentais mais fornecidos pelos hospitais são respectivamente os de emergência/urgência, exame clínico e cirúrgico ambulatorial. Os atendimentos são realizados dentro das dependências do hospital em 85,71%. Conclusão: Constatou-se a existência da odontologia na maioria dos hospitais de grande porte da RMBH, com presença de equipes odontológicas fortes, que trabalham em interdisciplinaridade, mostrando umreconhecimento e valorização do cirurgião-dentista também neste campo de trabalho.Descritores: Unidade hospitalar de odontologia. Equipe hospitalar de odontologia. Área de atuação profissional.Odontologia.
Predictors of liver‐related death among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada: a 15‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Hayashi Kanna , Milloy Michael‐John , Wood Evan , Dong Huiru , Montaner Julio SG , Kerr Thomas
Published: November 2014

Introduction

While HIV/AIDS remains an important cause of death among people who inject drugs (PWID), the potential mortality burden attributable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among this population is of increasing concern. Therefore, we sought to identify trends in and predictors of liver‐related mortality among PWID.

Methods

Data were derived from prospective cohorts of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, between 1996 and 2011. Cohort data were linked to the provincial vital statistics database to ascertain mortality rates and causes of death. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine the relationship between HCV infection and time to liver‐related death. A sub‐analysis examined the effect of HIV/HCV co‐infection.

Results and discussion

In total, 2,279 PWID participated in this study, with 1,921 (84.3%) having seroconverted to anti‐HCV prior to baseline assessments and 124 (5.4%) during follow‐up. The liver‐related mortality rate was 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5–3.0) deaths per 1,000 person‐years and was stable over time. In multivariate analyses, HCV seropositivity was not significantly associated with liver‐related mortality (adjusted relative hazard [ARH]: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.15–1.37), but HIV seropositivity was (ARH: 2.67; 95% CI: 1.27–5.63). In sub‐analysis, HIV/HCV co‐infection had a 2.53 (95% CI: 1.18–5.46) times hazard of liver‐related death compared with HCV mono‐infection.

Conclusions

In this study, HCV seropositivity did not predict liver‐related mortality while HIV seropositivity did. The findings highlight the critical role of HIV mono‐ and co‐infection rather than HCV infection in contributing to liver‐related mortality among PWID in this setting.
Ionic selectivity and thermal adaptations within the voltage-gated sodium channel family of alkaliphilic Bacillus
Authors: DeCaen Paul G , Takahashi Yuka , Krulwich Terry A , Ito Masahiro , Clapham David E
Published: November 2014

Entry and extrusion of cations are essential processes in living cells. In alkaliphilic prokaryotes, high external pH activates voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav), which allows Na+ to enter and be used as substrate for cation/proton antiporters responsible for cytoplasmic pH homeostasis. Here, we describe a new member of the prokaryotic voltage-gated Na+ channel family (NsvBa; Non-selective voltage-gated, Bacillus alcalophilus) that is nonselective among Na+, Ca2+ and K+ ions. Mutations in NsvBa can convert the nonselective filter into one that discriminates for Na+ or divalent cations. Gain-of-function experiments demonstrate the portability of ion selectivity with filter mutations to other Bacillus Nav channels. Increasing pH and temperature shifts their activation threshold towards their native resting membrane potential. Furthermore, we find drugs that target Bacillus Nav channels also block the growth of the bacteria. This work identifies some of the adaptations to achieve ion discrimination and gating in Bacillus Nav channels.
The accessory helix of complexin functions by stabilizing central helix secondary structure
Authors: Radoff Daniel T , Dong Yongming , Snead David , Bai Jihong , Eliezer David , Dittman Jeremy S
Published: November 2014

The presynaptic protein complexin (CPX) is a critical regulator of synaptic vesicle fusion, but the mechanisms underlying its regulatory effects are not well understood. Its highly conserved central helix (CH) directly binds the ternary SNARE complex and is required for all known CPX functions. The adjacent accessory helix (AH) is not conserved despite also playing an important role in CPX function, and numerous models for its mechanism have been proposed. We examined the impact of AH mutations and chimeras on CPX function in vivo and in vitro using C. elegans. The mouse AH fully restored function when substituted into worm CPX suggesting its mechanism is evolutionarily conserved. CPX inhibitory function was impaired when helix propagation into the CH was disrupted whereas replacing the AH with a non-native helical sequence restored CPX function. We propose that the AH operates by stabilizing CH secondary structure rather than through protein or lipid interactions.
La publicidad verde en Argentina. Análisis del uso de apelaciones medioambientales en anuncios televisivos
Authors:   Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba (Argentina), Sabre María Elisa
Published: November 2014

Este artículo resume los resultados de una investigación de análisis de contenido sobre la publicidad verde en Argentina, cuyo objetivo principal fue elaborar un estudio diagnóstico de los mensajes publicitarios audiovisuales que utilizan apelaciones medioambientales con fines comerciales. Para ello, se analizó cuantitativamente una muestra de anuncios publicitarios clasificados como “verdes”, para describir objetiva y sistemáticamente el contenido de estos mensajes y definir patrones que nos permitieran establecer algunas tendencias. Fue posible observar que la mayoría de los spots verdes tienen una finalidad más de ventas que de creación de imagen, y que el medioambiente se utiliza sobre todo como contexto del mensaje o como complemento del concepto creativo. La mayoría de los anunciantes busca asociar los atributos del medioambiente con sus productos o servicios, pero sin transmitir beneficios medioambientales reales.
Periodismo político en Twitter: la cobertura electoral en #CBAVota (Argentina, 2011)
Authors:   CIECS CONICET UNC, Córdoba (Argentina), Paz García Ana Pamela , Spinosa María Mercedes ,   Colegio Universitario de Periodismo, Córdoba (Argentina)
Published: November 2014

Se analizan las rutinas de producción de los periodistas cordobeses más influyentes en Twitter durante las elecciones municipales realizadas en Córdoba, Argentina, en septiembre de 2011, con el objeto de comprender criterios de noticiabilidad, modos de gatekeeping y ciertas características identitarias que distinguen al periodista del usuario no profesional. Aplicando el método de la etnografía virtual y una encuesta semiestructurada a una muestra integrada por 45 profesionales, se advierte que en Twitter se reflejan características de las rutinas informativas propias de los medios convencionales, aunque en el marco de apropiaciones distintivas, como comportamientos de autopromoción y autorrefencialidad, mayor informalidad y una interacción prioritariamente desplegada entre colegas.
Gestión de marca e identidad en la televisión pública. Análisis de Canal Encuentro, Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Quilmes (Argentina), Fernández Paola Elisabet
Published: November 2014

El artículo propone un abordaje integral de la gestión de marca e identidad del canal argentino Encuentro a partir del análisis de su estrategia de marketing, en un intento de determinar los vínculos que el Canal ha establecido con su audiencia y con las nuevas tecnologías. El marco de referencia se apoya en el concepto de marketing cultural (Gómez Ramírez, 2007; Amado & Bongiovanni, 2005), considerado en el contexto de una política pública de comunicación. En el desarrollo del estudio se cruzan las herramientas de sistematización propuestas por el análisis de la gestión de marca e identidad corporativa, con las usadas para caracterizar los nuevos hábitos de las audiencias y la emergencia de múltiples pantallas. Se incluye en ese proceso el análisis de producción, programación, audiencias, explotación comercial y gestión de marca de Encuentro. En paralelo, se complementa el diagnóstico con el visionado de artísticas de apertura televisiva y campañas institucionales, a fin de establecer parámetros comunes en las paletas de colores, gráficas y tipografías.
Comprender la publicidad para transformar la sociedad
Authors:   Universidad Complutense de Madrid (España), Caro Antonio
Published: November 2014

El presente artículo, basado en el método reflexivo, que parte de la involucración del investigador en la materia investigada, se propone avanzar en una comprensión de la publicidad radicalmente distanciada de aquel enfoque cuyo propósito es dotarla de un estatuto científico, en un intento más o menos explícito de legitimar la actividad publicitaria profesional. Esta indagación nos permitirá revelar: a) el papel como instrumento de cohesión social que la publicidad cumple en las actuales sociedades de consumo; y b) la función de escaparate y puerta de entrada que la publicidad ejerce, en la medida en que revela y permite penetrar en las peculiaridades del vigente sistema capitalista, radicalmente distanciado del capitalismo decimonónico analizado por Marx. Y son ambos resultados lo que nos permiten constatar que comprender la publicidad constituye un paso decisivo a la hora de avanzar en un proyecto de transformación de la presente sociedad capitalista.
Analisis Efektifitas Mesin/Alat Pabrik Gula Menggunakan Metode Overall Equipments Effectiveness
Authors: Subiyanto Subiyanto
Published: November 2014

The national sugar production capability especially of the state owned sugar factory tends to decrease while demand increases.   To overcome the problem, government has issued the presidential Decree No. 5/2010 and declared a revitalization program of sugar industry as a priority development program. The Ministry of Industry has implemented the program by restructuring the sugar factory's machinery/equipments.  Since there are many of factories (51 units) and the budget is limited, the ministry should be selective as to which factories need to be restructered, and therefore the program shoud be supported by prior information about the machinery efficiency status of each factory. To provide those information,  this study applies the application of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) method on 39 state owned sugar factories.  The results indicate that the everage rate of OEE for the 39 sugar factories for the year of 2010 to 2012 is 61.28% (best practice: 77.4%), while Availability, Performance, and Quality is 86.43%, 91.39%, and 77.02% respectively. The study also identifies 19 worst factories in efficiency, and therefore recommends those factories as priority to be restructured.