bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Potential of Central Kalimantan’s Local Orchid as Material Source for Genetic Improvement
Authors: Galingging R Y , Liana T , Nuraini L
Published: December 2021

Central Kalimantan Province with total area of 15.380.000 ha or about 7.93 % of Indonesian areas consists of coastal regions and forest areas has potential biodiversity such as Orchidaceae. This region has various type of lands involving peat lands, swamplands with acid sulphate soils and up lands. The existence of orchid in Central Kalimantan’s forest can be found scattered in forest areas with high diversity life, form and uses. The methodology used include exploration and collection and they were conducted at six districts, i.e. East Barito, South Barito, North Barito, East Kotawaringin and Murung Raya, starting from March 2016 until December 2018. The objective of this study was as follows: (1). The exploration process, (2). The ex-situ and in-situ conservation, (3). The characterization process, (4). The documentation process. The results of these activities shown that there are several ex situ collection of 8 accessions of medicinal plants that can be used as a source of material for genetic improvement. The orchid plant’s conservation can be conducted through in-situ and or ex-situ. In-situ conservation can be conducted through managing forest areas as the natural habitat of the material for genetic improvement, while for ex-situ conservation, it can be managed outside of the native habitats. Appropriate utilization and research activities are important in conservation of the material for genetic improvement in Central Kalimantan
The potential of jamu to relieve clinical symptoms and reduce the tumor size of patients with Fibro Adenoma Mammae (FAM) at Rumah Riset Jamu (RRJ) Hortus Medicus Tawangmangu : a pilot study
Authors: Zulkarnain Z , Astana PRW , Triyono A , Ardiyanto D , Novianto F , Fitriani U , Nisa U , Saryanto
Published: December 2021

Fibro Adenoma Mammae (FAM) is a benign tumor that sometimes causes clinical symptoms like pain. Not all women who suffer from FAM in Indonesia are willing to undergo surgery and choose to drink jamu. In fact, scientific evidence regarding jamu efficacy is limited. This study aims to determine the effect of jamu consumption on the size and clinical symptoms of FAM patients. A total of 26 women with FAM who came to RRJ Hortus Medicus and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria participated in this study until finish. Subjects were asked to drink boiled water of 8 plants Simplicia with a certain dose every day for 16 weeks. A breast ultrasound to determine tumor size was performed at baseline and day-112. Clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline and every 2 weeks. The result showed that the tumor average size was decreased from 13.89+ 6.47mm to 11.79+5.74mm (paired t-test p<0.001). About 88.46% of the subjects experienced a decrease in tumor size. The pain subsided and disappeared in 69.23% and 30.77% of subjects, respectively. The itching that was complained by one subject subsided since week 6. The administration of jamu for 16 weeks has the potential to reduce tumor size and clinical symptoms.
Factors associated with the attitude of herbs utilization among diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Triyono A , Zulkarnain Z , Astana W , Ardiyanto D , Novianto F , Fitriani U , Nisa U , Saryanto S
Published: December 2021

The use of herbs for chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM), has increased. Many factors are associated with the positive attitude of DM patients to the use of herbs, including demographic factors, knowledge of herbs, family support and characteristics of DM disease. The research used a cross sectional study, conducted in Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia from March to May 2020. Subjects were 170 diabetes mellitus patients, aged 15-60 years who were examined at the Hortus Medicus Clinic or Community Health Center Tawangmangu Karanganyar Central Java Indonesia. The sample used purposive sampling. Data collection using questionnaires distributed to respondents. Data were analyzed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate using SPSS 25. Attitudes towards the use of herbs were associated with high knowledge of herbs (OR=3.78; 95% CI=1.6 - 8.87; p= 0.002), duration of DM disease ≥ 5 years (OR=3.41; 95% CI=1.70 - 8.99; p= 0.001 ), high education (OR=1.26; 95% CI=0.51 - 3.10; p=0.617) and employment status (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.21 - 1.38; p=0.200). Knowledge of herbs and duration of DM disease were significantly related to the attitudes towards herbalism.
The effect of Java Plum Fruit (Zyzygium cumini) extract on leucocyte and lung histopathology of mouse exposed cigarette smoke
Authors: Sukmaningsih A A S A , Suarni N M R , Wiratmini I , Primiani C N , Sudatri N W
Published: December 2021

Java Plum fruit can decrease free radical activities. The overwhelmed production of free radicals will reduce the immunity system in the body. This research aims to study the effects of java plum fruit extracts on leukocytes and histopathology of mouse lungs that have been exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. Frozen-dried java plum fruit is macerated with water. The mice are divided into Control groups (K-). The mice of the control group were given only water orally. (K+) are mice that are exposed to commercial cigarette smoke once a day. (RJ) were the mice exposed to cigarette smoke once a day as java plum fruit extract orally of 180 mg/kg body weight. (RF) were the mice exposed to cigarette smoke given with java plum fruit extract with 180 mg/kg of body weight that is applied on its filter. The results showed a significantly lower number of leukocytes(p< 0.05) in the K-,RF, and RJ groups compared to K+. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in the number of lung pathological cells (p< 0.05) in the K+, RF, and RJ compared to the control group (K-). The results conclude that java plum fruit can reduce free radicals in animals affected by inflammation due to cigarette smoke particles in the lungs.
Investigation of ginger (Zingiber officinale) aqueous extract as an anti-diabetic in vitro
Authors: Pakan P , Lidia K , Riwu M
Published: December 2021

Diabetes mellitus is a condition of metabolic imbalance, indicated by a high level of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) resulting from a reduction of insulin secretion, action, or both. People with diabetes suffer from a lack or deficiency of insulin or insulin resistance. The metabolic imbalances are often not satisfactorily corrected using conventional medicines and even cause some side effects, which can be detrimental. Research on herbal medicines for the treatment of diabetes is urged by the need to reduce unwanted side effects common with conventional medicines/treatments used in glucose regulation. This study aims to investigate the antidiabetic effect of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) aqueous extract in improving the glucose uptake in mouse tissues in vitro. This study is a true experimental research design with a posttest-only control group design. There were three groups of mice in this study: the control group, which were only given plain water; the second group of mice with 5% aqueous ginger extract and the last group were given 25% aqueous ginger extract. All groups were given treatment for four consecutive weeks, then dissected their cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, pancreas, and liver tissues to analyze the glucose uptake. The result showed that both the ginger aqueous extract groups were able to increase the glucose uptake of the mice. In conclusion, this research has shown that aqueous ginger extract may have improved the glucose uptake in most tissues of the mice in the groups. Therefore, ginger could have great potential as an alternative way in the treatment of diabetes type 2.
Urban space in transit area of South Sumatra light rail transit in Palembang
Authors: Jannah K M , Soemardiono B , Nurlaela S
Published: December 2021

A new transportation system built in Palembang, the South Sumatra Light Rail Transit (otherwise known as LRT Sumsel), stretches along the road corridor from Sultan Mahmud Badarudin II Airport to the Jakabaring Sport City Palembang. In practice, a city needs criteria that must be met to develop a city properly. One of the urban development approaches is Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), an approach that emphasizes not only transit accessibility but also a sustainable environment. Therefore, in developing a city that has mass transportation, TOD calls forth the integration of all transportation modes with the elements of the city. This is closely related to the design of urban space at the transit area and how to achieve the concept of TOD. This research was conducted to find out whether the space around the South Sumatra LRT transit area has properly fulfilled the TOD concept. To achieve the success of Palembang City development, the complexity of TOD and the quality of urban space must be integrated. The goals of this research were to identify the elements of urban space in the transit area. The South Sumatra LRT station is the case study in this research employing descriptive qualitative methods using observation, stakeholder interview, and literature study. The results of the study point out that LRT Sumsel must highlight the availability of parking and attributes, which can allow more frequent transit activities. This research hopes that it can provide consideration for the development of the city of Palembang in terms of architecture and transportation utilization.
Landscape patterns changes and relation to water infiltration of Krueng Peusangan Watershed in Aceh
Authors: Ramli I , Achmad A , Anhar A , Izzaty A
Published: December 2021

Watershed has played an important source of ecosystem services (ES). TheKrueng Peusanganwatershed (KPW) is considered to be the “lungs” and ecological border in the central region of Aceh, Indonesia. This study aims to monitor landscape patterns in the watershed area of 2009-2019 and to predict changes in 2039 and their relationship with infiltration. The selection of this research area is due to the notion that KPW is one of the numerously deforested watersheds in the country. Temporal spatial monitoring of landscape (land use/cover, LUC) patterns are required to inform policy and support future spatial management planning towards sustainability. Landscape patterns changes in KPW, including the extent of loss and addition of forest over the last few years, have not been quantified. In constructing the regional development policies, information regarding the effects of landscape changes and climatic patterns on ecosystem services is essential. Therefore, the knowledge development of this relationship is encouraged. The comparison value between potential and actual infiltration could identify the watershed category. The upstream area of KPW is classified as a significantly critical watershed due to LUC changes. Therefore, it is deemed necessary to improve the absorption zone for the continuation of groundwater protection.
Sustainability indicator for resilient city amid the COVID-19 Pandemic in Lowokwaru District, Malang City, Indonesia
Authors: Hariyani S , Shoimah F
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic brings a big shock to Malang city. Meanwhile, the city is also stressed out due to population development and the high flow of urbanization, especially because of students who continue to live in Malang City and in the suburban areas. Urbanization is the result of planning to develop Malang City as an educational city with various educational institutions. This research aims to formulate the sustainability indicator of Malang City regarding resilient city amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample used to measure the sustainability indicator is Lowokwaru District. Regarding the development planning of Malang City as an education city, Lowokwaru District is a very suitable sample because 1/3 of the universities in Malang City are concentrated in Lowokwaru District. Besides, there are also other educational facilities such as 12 elementary schools, 11 junior high schools, nine senior high schools, and eight vocational high schools. Therefore, Lowokwaru District is measured by the sustainability indicator, namely density, diversity, and compactness to formulate a resilient city amid the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of calculations and interpretations from similar studies show that the sustainability of Malang City is at a moderate level of sustainability in terms of resilient city amid the COVID-19 pandemic, with a moderate population density (101.1-200 people/ha); medium building density (20-40 buildings/ha); the level of random diversity (the closest neighbour value is 1.1 and the entropy index is 0.51), where the distribution of facilities and infrastructure is not evenly distributed throughout the districts; and compactness is almost uneven.
Disaster mitigation on lands affected by landslides in Banjarnegara Regency
Authors: Susanti P D , Miardini A , Harjadi B
Published: December 2021

Landslide mitigation on potentially-affected lands is one of the crucial efforts in Banjarnegara Regency. Such effort, however, must comply with the existing environmental and land use conditions. This research aimed to determine the landslide susceptibility level and landslide mitigation on the affected land. A descriptive quantitative method was used to determine landslide susceptibility, and a survey method was used to determine its condition. Landslide susceptibility was examined using an overlay analysis of the major factors: slope, texture fault, regolith, and geology. The analysis results show that the levels of landslide susceptibility of the research location consisted of: not prone (19.21%), slightly prone (4.95%), moderate (6.92%), prone (29.20%), and very prone (39.72%). It also predicted that 335,940 people (36.80%) lived in highly and very-highly vulnerable areas. Based on the results, mitigation is targeted on three groups of land, including water bodies (269.57 ha), vegetated area (69,946.98 ha), and non-vegetated area (3,506.25 ha). Both physical and social mitigation actions are thus required. Physical mitigation includes slope protection (terracing, vetiver system, slope-protection structures, ground fractures covering), water management (manual horizontal drainage, drainage channel), vegetation management (multi-stratum canopy, root morphology, and plant biomass), whereas social mitigation involves community management by promoting public awareness and vigilance against disasters, and the active role of both community and stakeholders.
Evacuation route during a disaster with health protocol in the new normal era
Authors: Usman F , Murakami K , Shoimah F , Nabila M A
Published: December 2021

The southern coast of Java Island, one of which is Sumbermanjing Wetan District, Malang Regency, is considered prone to the geological disaster tsunami. Sumbermanjing Wetan District is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean, a seismic gap zone that produces geological processes and high-intensity seismic activity that can trigger tsunami waves. On June 13, 2021, the COVID-19 outbreak in Sumbermanjing Wetan District recorded 90 suspected cases (two were hospitalized and the other 88 were self-isolating at home), and 38 were confirmed positive for COVID-19 (34 recovered and 4 died). This research focuses on evacuation plans for coastal areas from the threat of a tsunami during the pandemic and the new normal era. The sub-variables for determining the shelters include building area, type of building, ease of access, building construction, and capacity. The sub-variables for determining the evacuation route include road class, pavement type, and road width. Meanwhile, the sub-variables for implementing health protocols in the new normal era are maintaining distance, wearing masks, washing hands, special treatment for symptomatic refugees, and implementing other health protocols. The implementation of health protocols in evacuation activities will bring an impact on the reduction of the available shelter’s capacity. The study results indicate the need for additional new shelters to implement health protocols in the new normal era. With this addition, it will impact the travel time from the residential areas at risk of tsunami impacts to the shelters. One of the reasons is that the closest shelter to the residential area is already full of refugees, so the refugees have to move and evacuate to the other shelters that can still accommodate them.
Monitoring land subsidence induced by groundwater change using satellite gravimetry and radar interferometry measurements. Case study: Surabaya city, Indonesia
Authors: Pamungkas Y A , Chiang S H
Published: December 2021

Land subsidence is considered a potential hazard often occurring in densely populated urban areas due to increasing freshwater demands from groundwater pumping. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite gravimetry combined with Sentinel 1 interferometric satellite radar measurement has provided the possibility to monitor land subsidence induced by groundwater change. This study monitored land subsidence induced by groundwater change through satellite observations over Surabaya City, Indonesia, from 2014 to 2019. Persistent Scattered InSAR (PSInSAR) measurement was used to monitor land subsidence by using 114 SLC pairs. As for the groundwater perspective, Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS v.2.2), which contains the Groundwater Storage Anomaly (GWS) derived from GRACE satellite observation, was used to understand groundwater’s spatial and temporal variation. The results show a satisfactory agreement of satellite radar measurement with ground measurement (R = 0.96, RMSE = 4.92cm), while satellite gravimetry measurement showed reasonably good agreement with radar measurement as well (R = 0.25). Regarding the magnitude and occurrence of land subsidence over Surabaya City, the result shows that, over the past 5 years, the southern part of the city had the highest subsidence ranging from -10 mm/year to -40 mm/year. Therefore, the results conclude the capability of both satellite gravimetry and radar measurements to monitor land subsidence over an urban area. Thus, this information could be considered as an important decision-making process for disaster management purposes.
Tsunami risk reduction in the new normal era based on community building in Watulimo, Indonesia
Authors: Shoimah F , Usman F , Hariyani S
Published: December 2021

The coastal area of Watulimo District is included as a tsunami-prone area that is directly adjacent to the Indian Ocean. The Indian Ocean is the subduction zone of the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate, which results in geological processes and high-intensity seismic activities that can trigger tsunamis. On the other hand, in the new normal era, the coast of Watulimo District includes a high-level COVID-19 zone with 74 cumulative cases, comprising 6 active cases, 54 recovered cases, and 14 deaths. The study aimed to examine the level of capacity of coastal communities in Watulimo District, Trenggalek Regency, based on five livelihood capitals (natural capital, financial, physical, human, and social capital) to reduce tsunami disaster risk in the new normal era. The analytical method used in this research consisted of scoring analysis and pentagon assets analysis. The capacity of the coastal community in Watulimo District shows that the sub-villages with high capacity are Gading, Prigi, and Ketawang Sub-villages. On the other hand, the sub-villages with medium capacity are Gandu, Tirto, Gendingan, Sumber, and Gares Sub-villages. Meanwhile, the sub-village with low capacity is Karanggongso Sub-village, due to the low human capital and social capital. Therefore, in efforts to reduce disaster risk, the area that needs to be prioritized for handling is Karanggongso Sub-village through improvements in social conditions, one of which is by prioritizing education levels, such as training related to the threat of the tsunami disaster and the COVID-19 outbreak.
The concentration of CO2 on two canopy densities in Taman Kota 1 Bumi Serpong Damai, South Tangerang
Authors: Sembiring S S B , Hermawan R , Rushayati S B
Published: December 2021

Global warming occurs because many greenhouse gases (GHG) retain heat from the earth, which causes the earth’s surface temperature to increase. The GHG contributing most to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2) due to its highest atmosphere concentration and long life span. The increasing CO2 concentrations in urban areas are caused by transportation and industrial activities. City parks with high tree densities are the potential to reduce CO2 concentration. However, studies related to tree canopy density in reducing CO2 concentrations have not been widely carried out. This study aims to determine the CO2 concentration on two different canopy densities. This research was conducted in March - April 2021 in Taman Kota 1 BSD. Primary data collection was carried out by three replicates based on time as follows: 06.00 am, 01.00 pm, and 05.00 pm at low canopy density and high canopy density locations, respectively, by using the AZ 7725 Carbon dioxide meter tool. The low canopy density had a leaf area index (LAI) of 1.039, whereas the high canopy density had an LAI of 1.409. The highest CO2 concentration is 582.43 ppm in the high canopy density in the morning, while the lowest is 463.16 ppm occurred at the low canopy density in the afternoon. In the morning, CO2 from respiration is still concentrated under the dense canopy because there is less wind to disperse. In the afternoon, the wind speed is higher so that CO2 is more easily distributed.
The benefits of stress relieving treatment in a Healing Forest Program: A pilot project at Ranca Upas, Ciwidey, West Java
Authors: Baroqah B , Sudjata R G G , Irawan D J
Published: December 2021

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the new normal has prioritized health and well-being among others through nature-based healing as offered by Perum Perhutani, a state-owned enterprise that manages forests in Java and Madura. Healing Forest or forest therapy is an activity to relieve stress, both physically and mentally, combining nature-based healing media and stress relieving activities. Due to the importance, one of the destinations managed by Perum Perhutani, namely Ranca Upas, was chosen as the pilot project of the Healing Forest Program. This study was aimed at determining healing treatments for relieving stress by utilizing the nature-based healing media through natural forest characteristic indicators. Data collection techniques were carried out through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) with a psychiatrist as determinants of treatments and also through modeling and direct simulations to acquire the results. The program focused on two main indicators: forest characteristics and stress relieving treatments for 10 participants. The simulation results show significant improvements in participants’ oxygen level absorption, blood pressure, and heart rate from pre-test until post-test. There were three base treatments used in the simulation. Those treatments decreased the blood pressure for the average 6.1% (there were 3 participants out of 10 experiencing a change from high-normal to normal blood pressure), decreased the heart rate per minute for the average 13.2% (with the result of post-test were good and very good heart rated) and increased the oxygen level for the average 3.1% (there were 4 participants out of 10 experiencing a change from mild hypoxemia to normal oxygen level). These findings provide healing treatments for relieving stress and anxiety by utilizing the nature-based healing media through natural forest characteristic indicators.
Application of Principal Component Analysis in distinguishing three species of ‘jernang’ (Daemonorops spp.)
Authors: Andini R , Yanti L A , Rasnovi S , Sulaiman M I , Moulana R , Muzaifa M , Putri S N , Widiastuti A
Published: December 2021

The province of Aceh at the northern tip of Sumatra has a total area of 5,75 million hectares. Its forest resources are considerably extensive as 60% of its total land area is still considered as ‘forest area’. Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) are defined as any wild plant and animal products harvested from forests, e.g., ‘jernang’ or dragon blood (Daemonorops spp.). It is classified as one of the valuable NTFP’s harvested from the forests in Aceh. Its morphological features resemble that of rattan (Calamus spp.), both of which belong to Aracaceae. The red resin of Daemonorops spp. is highly valued in Chinese medicine and possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-hemostatic properties. Almost 112 species of Daemonorops spp. exist. However, only 10% produces the red resin. Daemonorops draco, D. mattanensis, D. didymophylla are considered to have significant economic values. Over the past decade, a farmer living in central and western Aceh has cultivated dragon blood plants in small farms and sold the seedlings. In this study, the morphological variations of dragon blood (N=11) from Kuta Panang in central Aceh were assessed, and the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were applied in order to distinguish the three species. Up to 92% of total variations were significantly explained with PC1, while the remaining were explained with PC2. Among the three species measured with PCA, Daemonorops draco or known as super ‘jernang’, appeared to have more distinctive morphological characteristics, e.g., fruit-, and stem diameter, as well as a number of fruit per trunk. These characteristics would contribute to better yield and field performance.
Anti-termite activities of Indonesia’s essential oils against invasive drywood termite for wood product protection
Authors: Meisyara D , Himmi S K , Tarmadi D , Ismayati M , Wikantyoso B , Fajar A , Guswenrivo I , Yusuf S
Published: December 2021

The Indo-Malayan drywood termite, Cryptotermes cynocephalus (Light) (Kalotermitidae), is considered one of the most invasive drywood termites in the Southeast Asian region. Once infesting a timber, the colony of a drywood termite is very difficult to be controlled. Thus, the best way to mitigate a new infestation of a drywood termite is by applying chemical protection on wood. In recent years, particular attention has been given by researchers to develop and use organic termiticides, such as essential oils extracted from plants as active ingredients. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the repellency performance of several economically important essential oils from Indonesia, such as Clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), Cubeb Pepper (Piper cubeba L), and Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt) against a drywood termite, C. cynocephalus. The test was performed by subjecting various concentrations of essential oil toward C. cynocephalus in the force-feeding test method. Sample weight-loss was evaluated after two weeks test. The results suggested that Clove oil has the highest repellence performance against C. cynocephalus, followed by Lemon Grass and Cubeb Pepper oils. The Termite mortality rate was also recorded to understand the toxicity performance of those essential oils.
Preliminary study of canker disease for development of urban tree health standard in Malaysia
Authors: Terhem R , Alias N I M , Kamarudzaman K A
Published: December 2021

Canker disease (CD) mainly infected trees planted in urban areas in Malaysia. This disease is caused by several plant pathogens and may cause tree death and tree failure. The aims of this study are to identify tree species which are susceptible to canker diseases and to identify the causal agents especially plant pathogens of the disease. To perform the study, a survey on planted trees in several urban parks and sites in Malaysia were conducted. In this study, the Canker Disease (CD) assessment procedure was developed and modified from Thousand Cankers Disease Survey Guidelines by the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA). Later, the assessment procedure was improved based on surveys in the ground to fit and get the best quality of data from the observations. As a result, several canker diseases were identified on twenty-three (23) trees, the species were,Acacia sp, Bucida molineti, Cinnamomum iners, Citrus sp, Eucalyptus urograndis, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus sp, Khaya grandifoliola, Mangifera indica, Manilkara zapota, Mimusops elengi, Peltophorum indicus, Samanea saman, Swietenia macrophylla, Swietenia spicifera, Tabebuia argentea, Terminalia catappa, Terminalia mantaly, Araucaria heterophylla, Casuarina equisetifolia, Gymnostoma sumatranaandPolyalthia longifolia. Based on symptom development the canker diseases known as Sphaeropsis canker, Cryphonectria canker, Chrysoporthe canker, Biscogniauxia canker, Hypoxylon canker, Cypress canker, Nectria canker, Ceratocystis Wilt, Pink disease, and Slime flux disease. This study can be the starting point in developing the Canker Disease (CD) Assessment Standard in Malaysia. It is important for Malaysia to have a Canker Disease (CD) Assessment Standard in order to become a guideline for future study or research that specifies canker disease towards common trees planted in Malaysia especially the urban areas.
Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King.) as urban tree: tree growth and wood quality variation in a progeny test
Authors: Sudrajat D J , Ayyasy Y , Siregar I Z , Karlinasari L
Published: December 2021

Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) is a tree species widely planted not only for timber production but also as a shade tree in urban areas both on the side of the highway (green belt) and other green open areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variation of growth and wood quality of a mahogany progeny test at the Parung Panjang, Bogor, which will be converted into a seedling seed orchard for high quality seed production. The progeny test was established using a randomized complete block design involving 96 families originating from seven populations (land races) in Java Island, i.e., Cianjur, Sumedang, Tasikmalaya, Magelang, Gundih, Madiun, and Jember. The results showed that the family had a significant effect on all the growth and wood quality parameters. Individual and family heritability for all growth and wood quality traits were categorized into the high, i.e., 0.33 - 0.96 and 0.35 - 0.56, respectively. The selection simulation showed that the selection percentage of 44.68% (45 best families) gave the optimum genetic gain based on growth and wood quality traits.
Health identification of Shorea javanica Koord. and valeton in nursery
Authors: Damayanti I , Rezinda C F G , Ridjayanti S M , Bantara I
Published: December 2021

Shorea javanica Koord. and Valeton is an identity tree of Lampung Province. The dammar of this species, locally known as damar mata kucing (cat-eye resin). The population of S. javanica is mostly in Repong Damar and grows naturally in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. Within a decade, the damar mata kucing production was decreased. The threat of deforestation, land degradation, and the scarcity of regeneration were some of the causes. One of the important efforts that could be done was to procure quality seedlings in the nursery. Knowledge of the health condition of seedlings in a nursery is very important in supporting plant cultivation success. Plant insects and diseases were one of the determining factors. This study aims to determine the health of S. javanica seedlings in South Lampung Permanent Nursery, which Way Seputih Way Sekampung Watershed Management Center and Protected Forest manage. This seed health identification activity used the Systematic Random Sampling method with a sampling intensity of 10%. The samples obtained were carried out by identifying the type of damage, location of damage, and severity of all S. javanica seeds sampled using criteria and standards for crop assessment results according to the International Center’s Environmental Monitoring standards Assessment Program (EMAP). Based on the result of the research, from 100 seedlings of S. javanica that was observed 75% of seedlings are unhealth, and 25% of seedlings are healthy. Among the 75% unhealthy seedling, 2% were dead. The intensity of total attack is about 73%, the intensity of insect attack is about 41%, and disease attack intensity is 32%, with the highest attack severity 30-39%. The results showed that the live percentage of S. javanica seedlings was 98% which was in the very good category.
Coarse root distribution of Vatica pauciflora (Korth.) Blume in different soil slopes as revealed by root detector
Authors: Rahman M M , Adzkia U , Rachmadiyanto A N , Dwiyanti F G , Nandika D , Nugroho N , Siregar I Z , Karlinasari L
Published: December 2021

Tree roots have an essential role in absorbing water and nutrients from the soil and supporting tree stability. As an anchor for the tree, the environment can significantly affect root structure but it is rarely investigated due to below ground distribution. The study was aimed to determine the distribution of coarse roots of Vatica trees (Vatica pauciflora) which grows in different soil slopes. Six mature Vatica trees at Bogor Botanical Garden were selected in this study. Root detector as the main tool based on acoustic method was used to evaluate the root distribution. Analysis photogrammetry was carried out to complement the root detector results. The results found that the root detector only can evaluate the radial distribution of coarse root, while root distribution on downward soil cannot be detected. The condition of the site with different slope categories (e.g., flat to steep) affected root distribution patterns. A study on root distribution was useful to assist the evaluation of tree stability and to support arboriculture study.
The influence of fast-growing species composition on natural regeneration of coal mine reclamation
Authors: Yunanto T , Amanah F , Siregar I Z
Published: December 2021

Natural regeneration on mine reclamation can be an indicator of reclamation success. Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Samanea saman, Senna siamea, and Paraserianthes falcataria are mostly planted fast-growing species at the beginning of reclamation. Those species bind and enrich nitrogen to improve the natural regeneration of ex-mined land. This research aims to determine fast-growing species and the growth rate of natural regeneration development in the ex-mined site. The research was conducted in mine reclamation areas with different ages: 1 (125.14 ha), 4 (323.76 ha), 6 (199.44 ha), 9 (285.18 ha), and 11-year-old plantation (75.39 ha). The statistical analysis of Multivariate Analysis showed that biological species were mostly grouped with P. falcataria than E. cyclocarpum and S. siamea in the 11-year-old plantation area as well as in the 9-year-old plantation area. Most natural species were grouped with C. cyclocarpum rather than S. saman and S. siamea in a 6-year-old plantation area. In contrast, the biological species had no groups with E. cyclocarpum and S. siamea as fast-growing species in the 1-year-old plantation area. Generally, the most dominant planted fast-growing species were E. cyclocarpum (with the mean total number ± standard deviation, (35 ± 17.1)) and P. falcataria (28 ± 8.3). The number of natural regeneration species and individuals in areas dominated by P. falcataria (5 ± 1.7 and 25 ± 10.5) was greater than in areas with predominance of E. cyclocarpum (4 ± 2.6 and 11 ± 4.8). Thus, species selection is necessary to increase natural regeneration. However, further research is required to measure the tolerability of fast-growing species on other natural regeneration species.
Agricultural soil fertility properties in the near infrared spectrum
Authors: Munawar A A , Devianti D , Satriyo P , Zainabun
Published: December 2021

Soil spectrum in the near infrared (NIR) wavelength region can be used to reveal fertility properties which is related to plant cultivations. The main purpose of this presented paper is to study the soil spectrum in the NIR region and its related to the fertility properties in form of heavy metals like Fe and Cu. Soil samples were obtain from several land-use including agriculture, mining and ground field. Near infrared spectrum of soil samples were acquired in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm. Prediction models used to determine Fe and Cu were built by means of partial least squares regression (PLSR) followed by leverage cross validation. Prediction performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination (r2) and ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD). The results showed that both Fe and Cu can be revealed simultaneously using the NIR spectrum with maximum r2 and RPD indexes were 0.93 and 3.86 for Fe and 0.71 and 1.88 for Cu prediction respectively. Based on the achieved results, it may conclude that soil fertility properties can be revealed simultaneously and rapidly using mear infrared spectral data.
Comparative analysis production of fruit and sunti acid using the Hayami method
Authors: Hartuti S , Agustina R
Published: December 2021

Agroindustry sector has a role important to improve the economic society level of Aceh, Indonesian. The opportunities in business to develop agroindustry from Averrhoa bilimbi L. was a relative major potential included the fruit candy and sunti acid. This study aims to calculated added value of fruit candy and sunti acid using the hayami method. The result was obtained primary and secondary data. The primary data were obtained directly results of interviews with business actors using questionnaires. Furthermore, the secondary data were obtained from literature review studies. The data was collected using the observation, interviews, and documentation. The average added value obtained by fruit candy of each kilogram was found the output value in Rp.150,000 Whereas, the sunti acid was a lower value in Rp. 65,000 This means that a kilogram was used can provide added value of Rp. 11,250 from fruit candy and Rp. 15,625 from sunti acid. The added value ratio was used to quantify the advancement achieved for productivity from A. bilimbi in agroindustry to involve the additional value from local products. Then, the highest profit until 60% in sunti acid product, and 44.44% in fruit candy. The retribution for the owner of the production factor was found the value the entrepreneur profit to 9.76% (Rp. 51,250/kg) for fruit candy and 26.37% (Rp.35,625/kg) for sunti acid. The descriptive data analysis method was expected to suggest the development of agroindustry based on the local commodity product, mainly the fruit candy and sunti acid to supported the food security.
Rapid quantification of rice (Oryza sativa) qualities based on adaptive near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hayati R , Munawar A A , Marliah A
Published: December 2021

Determination of rice quality parameters is the key factor affecting sustainable agriculture practices. The main purpose of this present study is to develop prediction models based on adaptive near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid quantification of rice qualities in form of protein content. Rice samples were obtained from several paddy field in Aceh province with different cultivars. Near infrared spectral data of rice samples were acquired and in wavelength range from 1000 to 2500 nm and recorded as diffuse reflectance spectrum. Prediction models were established using principal component analysis (PCA), principal component analysis (PCR) and partial least square regression (PLSR). The results showed that NIRS combined with PCA can classify rice samples based on their cultivars. Moreover, this approach with PCR and PLSR can also predicted and determined protein contents with satisfactory performance achieving maximum correlation coefficient (r) of 0.81 and ratio prediction to deviation (RPD) index of 2.84 for PCR and r of 0.90 and RPD of 3.19 for PLSR respectively. Based on achieved results, it may conclude that adaptive NIRS approach can be used to quantify rice qualities rapidly and non-destructively.
Rapid determination of patchouli oil quality as a tropical plant using infrared technology
Authors: Zulfahrizal  , Muhammad Syaifullah , Munawar A A
Published: December 2021

Patchouli alcohol (PA) content is an important indication in the world patchouli oil trade. Testing the PA content of patchouli oil usually takes a long time and expensive, so that it greatly inhibits the activity of buying and selling patchouli oil in the community. Therefore the main objective of this study is to develop NIRS technology to estimate the PA content in Aceh patchouli oil purified rapidly and appropriately using PLSR and PCR methods. The sample in this study was patchouli oil which was purified into 20 types based on PA content. Laboratory test using GC-MS. Near infrared (NIR) spectrum of Patchouli oil samples were acquired and recorded using self-developed FT-IRIPTEK T-1516. The results showed that NIRS technology with PLSR and PCR methods provides a solution to solve the problem of PA content prediction in Aceh’s patchouli oil. SNV pretreatment is proven to improve prediction accuracy and robustness of the prediction model that built. The PLSR-SNV method succeeded in obtaining a prediction model that was categorized as very good model performance, while PCR-SNV method succeeded in obtaining a prediction model that was categorized as good model performance.
Interaction between mycorrhizal fertilizers and varieties to increase organic patchouli production in the Entisol soil of Aceh Besar
Authors: Syafruddin S , Syakur S , Saiful  , Safrida  , Sulaiman I , Munandar F A , Herlina C N
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the interaction effect of the use of mycorrhizal biofertilizers and varieties to increase the production of organic patchouli on the Entisol soil of Aceh Besar. This study used a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor observed was mycorrhizal biofertilizer from the various genus, namely Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora sp. and the mixed genus of Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora sp. While the second factor is the use of varieties, namely Tapak Tuan and the Lhokseumawe variety. The results showed that the best interactions on the growth and production, P205 uptake, and oil content were found in the mixed mycorrhizal genus (Glomus mosseae + Gigaspora sp.) with the Tapak Tuan variety. From the patchouli alcohol content test results, the best results were obtained in a combination of mixed mycorrhizal biofertilizers and the Tapak Tuan variety by 30%.
The landscape concept of environment in Taman Gajah Mada Medan
Authors: Abus A F , Lubis T , Abus N A A
Published: December 2021

Taman Gajah Mada is an outdoor recreation landscape located on Jalan Gajah Mada Medan, North Sumatra. Residents around Medan use this landscape to carry out sports activities. Usually, Taman Gajah Mada is visited by visitors in the morning and evening. Visitors who come in the morning usually come to just exercise. Meanwhile, visitors who come in the afternoon typically sit around enjoying the afternoon atmosphere in this beautiful and clean garden. This study was qualitative, and the ethnography method was applied to collect and analyze the data. The analysis also deliberated the unity of multidiscipline landscape architects and landscape anthropology to explain the use of outdoor recreation in Taman Gajah Mada. This literature becomes a reference for research on the concept of public open space at Taman Gajah Mada to maintain cultural originality in the use of roars in the landscape. This study indicates three public open spaces, namely the buffer zone, transition zone, andcore zone. These three public open spaces can be grouped into two based on their function and purpose: general and special public open spaces. The general public open spaces such as transition zoneand core zonecan be utilized and used by the entire community, while special ones such as the Buffer Zone are buffer areas.
Water quality index and the sediment criteria due to anthropogenic activity in West Aceh District, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmatillah  , Meilina H , Ramli I
Published: December 2021

The existence of river environmental components or sediment and river pollutions are influenced by domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste, it will reduce water quality. The purpose of this study was to determine the index of water quality and sedimentation due to anthropogenic activities. Pollution Index (PI) method for water quality and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) method for sedimentation. The Krueng Woyla and Krueng Meuruebo watersheds include have the highest intensity of anthropogenic activity at West Aceh District. Surrounding the Krueng Woyla watershed has illegal mining such as class C minerals like sand and stone and gold mining. In the Krueng Meureubo watershed, there are mining activities to dispose of company waste flowing through the Meureubo tributary accompanied by sand mining activities. These activities result in the pollution index (PI) calculation. It shows that there has been a decrease in the water quality of the Meuruebo and Woyla rivers with 1.0 <PI< 5.0 classified as lightly polluted river water quality conditions. The highest pollution index value is in the Krueng Meruebo downstream watershed which is 2.41 classified as “Slightly Polluted”. Based on the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs) and equations for a mercury concentration of 0.915, it is found that sediment has medium a negative effect index of heavy metals on river biota.
Distance transform-watershed segmentation and multi-layer perceptron algorithm to separate touching orange fruit in digital images
Authors: Nasution I S , Keke C
Published: December 2021

An algorithm to separate touching oranges using a distance transform-watershed segmentation is presented. In this study, there are four classes of oranges, such as class A, B, C, and D, respectively. The size of each class is based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI), the sample used is 168 oranges of which 140 are for training and 28 oranges are for testing. The image of citrus fruits was captured using Kinect v2 camera with a camera resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels, the distance from the camera to the background is 23 cm. The images were captured in PNG format. The watersheds were computed based on the distance transformed by orange regions. The corresponding basins were finally used to split the falsely connected corn kernel by intersecting the basins with the corn kernel regions. Experimental results show that the multi-layer perceptrons have classification accuracy rates of 92.85%. The algorithm appears to be robust enough to separate most of the multiple touching scenarios.
Dissemination of portable combining machine as appropriate technological adoption for corn farming in sloping region Study case: Gorontalo Province, Indonesia
Authors: Hariadi  , Djafar R , Staddal I , Liputo B
Published: December 2021

Corn is vital crop cultivation in Gorontalo Province and becomes major export comodity from the agricultural sector. Most of corn farms are located in hilly and mountainous area known as sloping agriculture. The main aim of this study was to analyze the advantages of portable combine machine, peeling-thresher corn as appropriate technology, to support sloping agriculture, reduce cost production, and generate farmers income. This research was conducted in Tutuwoto village that involves two farmers group association (POKTAN) namely POKTAN Dusun Beringin and POKTAN Dusun Puncak. The POKTAN members stated that labour budget is the most expensive for corn production in their region. Dissemination of peeling-thresher machine is proven shorten of harvest and post-harvest steps in the current pattern. Results revealed that the technological input decreased 34.50% operational cost of harvest and post-harvest from Rp8,520,000 to Rp2,940,000. Furthermore, its application improved the farmers net profit 51.67% ha−1 and 85.01% ha−1 for own and loan capital respectively, in one growing season about 4 month. It is concluded that the proper equipment implemented in hilly farming reduces cost production and its implication redoubles revenue of the corn farmers.