bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Electromagnetic Characteristics in Air Region on High‐Speed Permanent Magnet Generator Based on Multi‐Physical Field
Authors: Yang Cunxiang , Zhu Zhihao , Yi Ran , Qiu Hongbo
Published: June 2023

The cooling performance of the machine with the closed liquid cooling system is excellent. However, the electromagnetic characteristics of the oil separator which sealing the cooling oil in the stator side can have a significant impact on the performance of the machine. In this paper, a liquid cooling structure with the magnetic oil separator is proposed. Taking the 20 000 rpm high‐speed permanent magnet generator as an example, the influence of the electromagnetic parameters of the magnetic oil separator on the generator output performance is studied by the analytical calculation and the finite element method, and the mechanism of the nonlinear variation of the generator output performance with the permeability of the oil separator is obtained. The influence of the oil separator on the air‐gap magnetic field and electromagnetic force is analyzed, and the reduction mechanism of the different permeability of the oil separator on the harmonic magnetic field and radial force is revealed. The vibration acceleration response of the generator stator is obtained through the modal and harmonic response analysis, it is confirmed that the magnetic oil separator has the effect of reducing vibration. In addition, the 3‐D temperature field calculation model of the generator is established, the influence of the thermal parameters of the oil separator on the internal heat exchange of the generator is studied, and the temperature distribution is obtained. Finally, experiments on the electromagnetic performance and temperature rise of the prototype are carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Performing well at interview
Authors: Kirby Roger , Rees Siân
Published: June 2023

Interviews offer a route to success at all stages of a medical career. Interviewing well involves insight, preparation and practice. Here the authors outline some of the key elements that underpin an impressive performance.
Audit of animal‐related injuries at UK veterinary schools between 2009 and 2018
Authors: Tulloch John S. P. , Fleming Kate M. , Pinchbeck Gina , Forster Julie , Lowe Walter , Westgarth Carri
Published: June 2023

Background

Animal‐related injuries pose a significant risk to the veterinary profession. This study aimed to describe the incidence, demographics, context and consequences of animal‐related injuries at UK veterinary schools.

Methods

A multicentre audit of accident records (2009–2018) across five UK veterinary schools was performed. Injury rates were stratified by school, demographics and species. The context and cause of the injury were described. Multivariable logistic models explored factors associated with medical treatment, hospital visits and time off work.

Results

An annual rate of 2.60 (95% confidence interval 2.48–2.72) injuries per 100 graduating students was calculated, varying between veterinary schools. Injuries were more frequently recorded in staff than students, and there were significant differences between staff and students in the activities performed preceding injury. Cats and dogs were associated with the highest number of reported injuries. However, injuries associated with cattle and horses were the most severe, with significantly higher hospital attendances and more time off work taken.

Limitations

Data were based on reported injuries and likely underestimate the true injury rate. The population at risk was hard to quantify as population size and exposure were variable.

Conclusion

Further research is recommended to explore the clinical and workplace management, including recording culture, of animal‐related injuries among veterinary professionals.
Deepening leadership identity development
Authors: Owen Julie E.
Published: June 2023

After decrying the lack of attention paid to identity, equity, and power in leadership education, this article delineates key concepts such as identity, identity development, and leader/leadership identity development. It explores areas of concordance and distinction across leader and leadership identity development models and suggests increasing convergence across these bodies of scholarship and adding criticality for deeper leadership identity development.
Critical perspectives on leadership identity development
Authors: Chunoo Vivechkanand S. , Torres Maritza
Published: June 2023

This article draws on critical race theory, intersectionality, critical feminism, queer and indigenous paradigms to critique existing approaches to leader/ leadership identity development (LID) and to illuminate how people from marginalized and oppressed communities can experience more just and equitable pathways to leadership. It offers recommendations for practice about how to create new possibilities for LID that counters patriarchal, white supremacist, hetero, and cis normative contexts. Liberatory pedagogies are suggested as ways to center social justice in LID.
Leadership identity development in curricular settings
Authors: Odom Summer F. , Dunn Allison L.
Published: June 2023

This article highlights specific approaches to developing leadership identity in college students within an academic curricular context. The authors examine curricular contexts such as majors, minors, and certificates with an emphasis on leader and leadership development, as well as specific course activities used to engage students in developing their leadership identity.
Extending the scope of leadership identity development
Authors: Rocco Melissa L. , Priest Kerry L.
Published: June 2023

This article addresses the limitations of the existing leadership identity development literature and offers suggestions for extending the scope of knowledge and understanding of the topic to evolve leadership education research and practice. Authors suggest utilizing multi‐level, complexity, and systems views in the study of leadership identity development as a way to explore beyond constructivist, individual‐focused conventions that undergird the extant literature. It concludes with considerations for leadership educators to explore in efforts to expand and evolve their teaching, research, and practice related to leadership identity development.
Neutrinoless double beta decay and < η > mechanism in the left-right symmetric model
Authors: Fukuyama Takeshi , Sato Toru
Published: June 2023

Abstract

The neutrinoless double beta decay is studied in the framework of left-right symmetric model. The coexistence of left and right handed currents induces rather complicated interactions between the lepton and hadron sectors, called < λ > mechanism and < η > mechanism in addition to the conventional effective neutrino mass < mν > mechanism. In this letter, we study the possible magnification of < η > mechanism and the relatively vanishing of < λ > mechanism. The importance to survey 0νββ decay of different nuclei for specifying new physics beyond the Standard Model is also discussed.
Defect correlators in a $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 SCFT at strong coupling
Authors: Pini Alessandro , Vallarino Paolo
Published: June 2023

Abstract

We study the correlation function between one single-trace scalar operator and a circular Wilson loop in the 4d$$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theory with gauge group SU(N) and matter transforming in the symmetric and anti-symmetric representations. By exploiting supersymmetric localization, we resum the perturbative expansion of this correlator in the large-N ’t Hooft limit. Furthermore, using both analytical and numerical techniques, we provide a prediction for the leading term of its strong coupling expansion and we compare this prediction to numerical Padé resummations of the perturbative series.
Nuclear Fourier Transforms
Authors: Haroske Dorothee D. , Skrzypczak Leszek , Triebel Hans
Published: June 2023

The paper deals with the problem under which conditions for the parameters $$s_1,s_2\in \mathbb R$$

s
1

,

s
2

∈
R

, $$1\le p,q_1,q_2\le \infty $$

1
≤
p
,

q
1

,

q
2

≤
∞

the Fourier transform $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
is a nuclear mapping from $$A^{s_1}_{p,q_1}({\mathbb R}^n)$$

A

p
,

q
1

s
1

(

R

n

)

into $$A^{s_2}_{p,q_2}({\mathbb R}^n)$$

A

p
,

q
2

s
2

(

R

n

)

, where $$A\in \{B,F\}$$

A
∈
{
B
,
F
}

stands for a space of Besov or Triebel–Lizorkin type, and $$n\in \mathbb N$$

n
∈
N

. It extends the recent paper ‘Mapping properties of Fourier transforms’ (Triebel in Z Anal Anwend 41(1/2):133–152, https://doi.org/10.4171/ZAA/1697, 2022) by the third-named author, where the compactness of $$\mathcal {F}$$
F
acting in the same type of spaces was studied.
The 5-HT1A receptor biased agonists, NLX-204 and NLX-101, display ketamine-like RAAD and anti-TRD activities in rat CMS models
Authors: Papp Mariusz , Gruca Piotr , Lason Magdalena , Litwa Ewa , Newman-Tancredi Adrian , Depoortère Ronan
Published: June 2023

Objectives

NLX-101 and NLX-204 are highly selective serotonin 5-HT1A ‘biased’ agonists, displaying potent and efficacious antidepressant-like activity upon acute administration in models such as the forced swim test.

Methods

we compared the effects of repeated administration of NLX-101, NLX-204 and ketamine in the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression, considered to have high translational potential, on sucrose consumption (anhedonia measure), novel object recognition (NOR; working memory measure) and elevated plus maze (EPM; anxiety measure) in male Wistar and Wistar-Kyoto rats (the latter being resistant to classical antidepressants).

Results

in Wistar rats, NLX-204 and NLX-101 (0.08–0.16 mg/kg i.p.), like ketamine (10 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently reversed CMS-induced sucrose intake deficit from treatment Day 1, with nearly full reversal observed at the higher dose at Days 8 and 15. These effects persisted for 3 weeks following treatment cessation. In the NOR test, both doses of NLX-101/NLX-204, and ketamine, rescued the deficit in discrimination index caused by CMS on Days 3 and 17; all three compounds increased time spent in open arms (EPM) but only NLX-204 achieved statistical significance on Days 2 and 16. In Wistar-Kyoto rats, all 3 compounds were also active in the sucrose test and, to a lesser extent, in the NOR and EPM. In non-stressed rats (both strains), the three compounds produced no significant effects in all tests.

Conclusions

these observations further strengthen the hypothesis that biased agonism at 5-HT1A receptors constitutes a promising strategy to achieve rapid-acting/sustained antidepressant effects combined with activity against TRD, in addition to providing beneficial effects against memory deficit and anxiety in depressed patients.
Globalization of partial actions of semigroups
Authors: Kudryavtseva Ganna , Laan Valdis
Published: June 2023

We propose two universal constructions of globalization of a partial action of a semigroup on a set, satisfying certain conditions which arise in Morita theory of semigroups. One of the constructions is based on the tensor product of a partial semigroup act with the semigroup and generalizes the globalization construction of strong partial actions of monoids due to Megrelishvili and Schröder. It produces the initial object in an appropriate category of globalizations of a given partial action. The other construction involves $${\textrm{Hom}}$$
Hom
-sets and is novel even in the monoid setting. It produces the terminal object in an appropriate category of globalizations. While in the group case the results of the two constructions are isomorphic, they can be far different in the monoid case.
Occipital hypometabolism is a risk factor for conversion to Parkinson’s disease in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder
Authors: Carli Giulia , Meles Sanne K. , Janzen Annette , Sittig Elisabeth , Kogan Rosalie V. , Perani Daniela , Oertel Wolfgang H. , Leenders Klaus L. ,   the REMPET Working Group
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) patients are at high risk of developing clinical syndromes of the α-synuclein spectrum. Progression markers are needed to determine the neurodegenerative changes and to predict their conversion. Brain imaging with 18F-FDG PET in iRBD is promising, but longitudinal studies are scarce. We investigated the regional brain changes in iRBD over time, related to phenoconversion.

Methods

Twenty iRBD patients underwent two consecutive 18F-FDG PET brain scans and clinical assessments (3.7 ± 0.6 years apart). Seventeen patients also underwent 123I-MIBG and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT scans at baseline. Four subjects phenoconverted to Parkinson’s disease (PD) during follow-up. 18F-FDG PET scans were compared to controls with a voxel-wise single-subject procedure. The relationship between regional brain changes in metabolism and PD-related pattern scores (PDRP) was investigated.

Results

Individual hypometabolism t-maps revealed three scenarios: (1) normal 18F-FDG PET scans at baseline and follow-up (N = 10); (2) normal scans at baseline but occipital or occipito-parietal hypometabolism at follow-up (N = 4); (3) occipital hypometabolism at baseline and follow-up (N = 6). All patients in the last group had pathological 123I-MIBG and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. iRBD converters (N = 4) showed occipital hypometabolism at baseline (third scenario). At the group level, hypometabolism in the frontal and occipito-parietal regions and hypermetabolism in the cerebellum and limbic regions were progressive over time. PDRP z-scores increased over time (0.54 ± 0.36 per year). PDRP expression was driven by occipital hypometabolism and cerebellar hypermetabolism.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that occipital hypometabolism at baseline in iRBD implies a short-term conversion to PD. This might help in stratification strategies for disease-modifying trials.
Surgically Correctable Congenital Anomalies: Reducing Morbidity and Mortality in the First 8000 Days of Life
Authors: Banu Tahmina , Sharma Shilpa , Chowdhury Tanvir Kabir , Aziz Tasmiah Tahera , Martin Benjamin , Seyi‐Olajide Justina O. , Ameh Emmanuel , Ozgediz Doruk , Lakhoo Kokila , Bickler Stephen W. , Meara John G. , Bundy Donald , Jamison Dean T. , Klazura Greg , Sykes Alicia , Yap Ava , Philipo Godfrey Sama ,   GICS
Published: June 2023

Background

Congenital anomalies are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We aimed to review the common surgically correctable congenital anomalies with recent updates on the global disease burden and identify the factors affecting morbidity and mortality.

Method

A literature review was done to assess the burden of surgical congenital anomalies with emphasis on those that present within the first 8000 days of life. The various patterns of diseases were analyzed in both low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) and high‐income countries (HIC).

Results

Surgical problems such as digestive congenital anomalies, congenital heart disease and neural tube defects are now seen more frequently. The burden of disease weighs more heavily on LMIC. Cleft lip and palate has gained attention and appropriate treatment within many countries, and its care has been strengthened by global surgical partnerships. Antenatal scans and timely diagnosis are important factors affecting morbidity and mortality. The frequency of pregnancy termination following prenatal diagnosis of a congenital anomaly is lower in many LMIC than in HIC.

Conclusion

Congenital heart disease and neural tube defects are the most common congenital surgical diseases; however, easily treatable gastrointestinal anomalies are underdiagnosed due to the invisible nature of the condition. Current healthcare systems in most LMICs are still unprepared to tackle the burden of disease caused by congenital anomalies. Increased investment in surgical services is needed.
Changes in CHA2DS2-VASc score and risk of ischemic stroke among patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Tsiartas Eirinaios , Samaras Athanasios , Papazoglou Andreas S. , Kartas Anastasios , Moysidis Dimitrios V. , Gemousakakis Eleftherios , Kamzolas Odysseas , Bekiaridou Alexandra , Doundoulakis Ioannis , Tzikas Apostolos , Giannakoulas George
Published: June 2023

Aims

The CHA2DS2-VASc score is fundamental to stroke risk assessment in atrial fibrillation. However, stroke-related risk factors can be modified later in life. This study aimed to assess the association of changes in CHA2DS2-VASc score over time (Delta CHA2DS2-VASc score) with the risk of ischemic stroke.

Materials and methods

This is an observational analysis of 1127 atrial fibrillation patients previously enrolled in the MISOAC-AF trial. After a median 2.6-year follow-up period, baseline and follow-up CHA2DS2-VASc scores were used to extract the Delta CHA2DS2-VASc score. The stroke predicting accuracies of the baseline, follow-up, and Delta CHA2DS2-VASc scores were assessed through regression analyses.

Results

The mean baseline, follow-up, and Delta CHA2DS2-VASc scores were 4.2, 4.8, and 0.6 respectively. Ischemic stroke occurred in 54 (4.4%) patients, of which 83.3% had a Delta CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥1, contrary to 40.1% of the stroke-free group. The stroke risk per 1-point increase of the CHA2DS2-VASc score was not significantly associated with the baseline score (aHR=1.14; 95%CI: 0.93-1.41; p=0.201), whereas a significant association was observed with the follow-up (aHR=2.58; 95% CI: 2.07-3.21; p<0.001) and Delta (aHR=4.56; 95%CI: 3.50-5.94; p<0.001) scores. C-index assessment indicated that follow-up and Delta CHA2DS2-VASc scores were more potent predictors of ischemic stroke compared to baseline.

Conclusion

In atrial fibrillation patients, changes in CHA2DS2-VASc score over time were associated with the incidence of stroke. The improved predictability of follow-up and Delta CHA2DS2-VASc scores indicates that stroke risk is not a static parameter.

Trial registration

This is an observational, post-hoc analysis of the MISOAC-AF randomized controlled trial, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02941978; registered: October 21, 2016).
An Improved Bound for the Linear Arboricity Conjecture
Authors: Lang Richard , Postle Luke
Published: June 2023

In 1980, Akiyama, Exoo and Harary posited the Linear Arboricity Conjecture which states that any graph G of maximum degree $$\Delta $$
Δ
can be decomposed into at most "Equation missing" linear forests. (A forest is linear if all of its components are paths.) In 1988, Alon proved the conjecture holds asymptotically. The current best bound is due to Ferber, Fox and Jain from 2020 who showed that $$\frac{\Delta }{2}+ O(\Delta ^{0.661})$$

Δ
2

+
O

(

Δ

0.661

)

suffices for large enough $$\Delta $$
Δ
. Here, we show that G admits a decomposition into at most $$\frac{\Delta }{2}+ 3\sqrt{\Delta } \log ^4 \Delta $$

Δ
2

+
3

Δ

log
4

Δ

linear forests provided $$\Delta $$
Δ
is large enough. Moreover, our result also holds in the more general list setting, where edges have (possibly different) sets of permissible linear forests. Thus our bound also holds for the List Linear Arboricity Conjecture which was only recently shown to hold asymptotically by Kim and the second author. Indeed, our proof method ties together the Linear Arboricity Conjecture and the well-known List Colouring Conjecture; consequently, our error term for the Linear Arboricity Conjecture matches the best known error-term for the List Colouring Conjecture due to Molloy and Reed from 2000. This follows as we make two copies of every colour and then seek a proper edge colouring where we avoid bicoloured cycles between a colour and its copy; we achieve this via a clever modification of the nibble method.
Molecular diversity of yam virus Y and identification of banana mild mosaic virus isolates infecting yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Diouf Mame Boucar , Guyader Sébastien , Nopoly Marie-Michelle , Gaspard Olyvia , Filloux Denis , Candresse Thierry , Marais Armelle , Teycheney Pierre-Yves , Umber Marie
Published: June 2023

Two members of the family Betaflexiviridae associated with yam (Dioscorea spp.) have been described so far: yam latent virus (YLV) and yam virus Y (YVY). However, their geographical distribution and molecular diversity remain poorly documented. Using a nested RT-PCR assay, we detected YVY in D. alata, D. bulbifera, D. cayenensis, D. rotundata, and D. trifida in Guadeloupe, and in D. rotundata in Côte d'Ivoire, thus extending the known host range of this virus and geographical distribution. Using amplicon sequencing, we determined that the molecular diversity of YVY in the yam samples analyzed in this work ranged between 0.0 and 29.1% and that this diversity is partially geographically structured. We also identified three isolates of banana mild mosaic virus (BanMMV) infecting D. alata in Guadeloupe, providing the first evidence for BanMMV infection in yam.
A detailed library perspective on nearly unsupervised information extraction workflows in digital libraries
Authors: Kroll Hermann , Pirklbauer Jan , Plötzky Florian , Balke Wolf-Tilo
Published: June 2023

Information extraction can support novel and effective access paths for digital libraries. Nevertheless, designing reliable extraction workflows can be cost-intensive in practice. On the one hand, suitable extraction methods rely on domain-specific training data. On the other hand, unsupervised and open extraction methods usually produce not-canonicalized extraction results. This paper is an extension of our original work and tackles the question of how digital libraries can handle such extractions and whether their quality is sufficient in practice. We focus on unsupervised extraction workflows by analyzing them in case studies in the domains of encyclopedias (Wikipedia), Pharmacy, and Political Sciences. As an extension, we analyze the extractions in more detail, verify our findings on a second extraction method, discuss another canonicalizing method, and give an outlook on how non-English texts can be handled. Therefore, we report on opportunities and limitations. Finally, we discuss best practices for unsupervised extraction workflows.
MVDet: multi-view multi-class object detection without ground plane assumption
Authors: Park Sola , Yang Seungjin , Lee Hyuk-Jae
Published: June 2023

Although many state-of-the-art methods of object detection in a single image have achieved great success in the last few years, they still suffer from the false positives in crowd scenes of the real-world applications like automatic checkout. In order to address the limitations of single-view object detection in complex scenes, we propose MVDet, an end-to-end learnable approach that can detect and re-identify multi-class objects in multiple images captured by multiple cameras (multi-view). Our approach is based on the premise that incorrect detection results in a specific view can be eliminated using precise cues from other views, given the availability of multi-view images. Unlike most existing multi-view detection algorithms, which assume that objects belong to a single class on the ground plane, our approach can classify multi-class objects without such assumptions and is thus more practical. To classify multi-class objects, we propose an integrated architecture for region proposal, re-identification, and classification. Additionally, we utilize the epipolar geometry constraint to devise a novel re-identification algorithm that does not require assumptions about ground plane assumption. Our model demonstrates competitive performance compared to several baselines on the challenging MessyTable dataset.
Artificial intelligence-based solutions for climate change: a review
Authors: Chen Lin , Chen Zhonghao , Zhang Yubing , Liu Yunfei , Osman Ahmed I. , Farghali Mohamed , Hua Jianmin , Al-Fatesh Ahmed , Ihara Ikko , Rooney David W. , Yap Pow-Seng
Published: June 2023

Climate change is a major threat already causing system damage to urban and natural systems, and inducing global economic losses of over $500 billion. These issues may be partly solved by artificial intelligence because artificial intelligence integrates internet resources to make prompt suggestions based on accurate climate change predictions. Here we review recent research and applications of artificial intelligence in mitigating the adverse effects of climate change, with a focus on energy efficiency, carbon sequestration and storage, weather and renewable energy forecasting, grid management, building design, transportation, precision agriculture, industrial processes, reducing deforestation, and resilient cities. We found that enhancing energy efficiency can significantly contribute to reducing the impact of climate change. Smart manufacturing can reduce energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions by 30–50% and, in particular, can reduce energy consumption in buildings by 30–50%. About 70% of the global natural gas industry utilizes artificial intelligence technologies to enhance the accuracy and reliability of weather forecasts. Combining smart grids with artificial intelligence can optimize the efficiency of power systems, thereby reducing electricity bills by 10–20%. Intelligent transportation systems can reduce carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 60%. Moreover, the management of natural resources and the design of resilient cities through the application of artificial intelligence can further promote sustainability.
Supervisory knowing in practice across medical specialities
Authors: Noble Christy , Hilder Joanne , Billett Stephen , Teodorczuk Andrew , Ajjawi Rola
Published: June 2023

Clinical supervisors play key roles in facilitating trainee learning. Yet combining that role with patient care complicates both roles. So, we need to know how both roles can effectively co-occur. When facilitating their trainees’ learning through practice, supervisors draw on their skills - clinical and supervisory - and available opportunities in their practice. This process can be conceptualised as supervisory knowing in practice (or contextual knowing) and offers ways to elaborate on how facilitating trainees’ learning can be optimised. The practice-based study presented and discussed here examined clinical supervisors’ knowing in practice related to facilitating trainee learning, across three medical specialities. Nineteen clinical supervisors from emergency medicine, internal medicine and surgery, were interviewed about their roles and engagement with trainees. Interview transcripts were analysed in two stages. Firstly, a framework analysis, informed by interdependent learning theory was conducted, focussing on affordances and individual engagement. Secondly, drawing on practice theory, a further layer of analysis was undertaken interrogating supervisors’ knowing in practice. We identified two common domains of supervisor practice used to facilitate trainee learning: (1) orientating and assessing trainees’ readiness (or capabilities), (2) sequencing and enriching pedagogic practices. Yet across the speciality groups the supervisors’ knowing in practice differed and were shaped by a trio of: (i) disciplinary practices, (ii) situational requirements and (iii) clinician preference. Overall, we offer a new reading of clinical supervision as practice differences generated distinct supervisory knowing in practice. These findings emphasise clinical supervision as fundamentally entwined in the speciality’s practice; and reinforce alignments with patient care.
Flame Dynamics Modelling Using Artificially Thickened Models
Authors: Rathore Omer , Navarro-Martinez Salvador
Published: June 2023

Thickened flame models are prolific in the literature and offer an effective method of resolving flame dynamics on coarse LES meshes. The current state of the art relies heavily on the use of efficiency functions to compensate for impaired wrinkling of the thickened flame. However in practice these functions can involve parameters that are difficult to determine, perform poorly outside of certain ranges or require a posteriori analysis to evaluate performance. An alternative based on a generalised thickening is evaluated across a range of canonical configurations. The approach is demonstrated to perform well across a large range of thickening factors in capturing phenomena such as localised quenching and pinch off as well as generation of flame surface. Including good performance even in the case of large flame dynamics under acoustic forcing where the model has a clear advantage over DNS in achieving grid independence. Finally the approach is unified into an Large Eddy Simulation/Adaptive Mesh Refinement framework and applied to a turbulent Bunsen flame. The results show that even if the internal flame structure is poorly resolved on the original mesh, the global system behaviour is well predicted and compares favourably with other approaches.
Biocontrol of clubroot disease: how successful are endophytic fungi and bacteria?
Authors: Auer Susann , Ludwig-Müller Jutta
Published: June 2023

The commercial aspect of growing Brassica crops has always been influenced by the worldwide occurrence of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae. Clubroot symptoms reduce crop yield dramatically and the resilient protist is hard to eradicate from infested soils. Chemical treatments are not so efficient and their use is allowed only in a few areas of the world, none of them in the EU. The majority of clubroot control is mediated by using resistant crops, but not all species have good or durable resistance sources available, and these can be overcome by evolving or new Plasmodiophora pathotypes. Some commercially available biocontrol agents have been tested and found to reduce clubroot on crops such as rapeseed, cauliflower and Chinese cabbage to some extent. More biocontrol organisms have been isolated and described in recent decades but for many commercial application is still a long way off. In this review we summarize trends for bacterial and fungal endophytes for clubroot biocontrol as well as mechanisms behind the effects reported, such as antibiosis, defense induction or competition for space and nutrients. There are indeed plenty of studies on biocontrol of clubroot but not many have reached a point where the biocontrol agents are ready to be applied at field scale. The potential of endophytic microbes in pest management against clubroot disease is huge.
Loneliness and Mood
Authors: Spiegel Thomas J.
Published: June 2023

Loneliness is commonly conceived of as a topic under the purview of psychology. Empirical research on loneliness utilizes a definition of psychology as essentially subjective, i.e. as a first-personal mental property an individual can have. As a first-personal mental property, subjects have, as it were, privileged access to their state of being lonely. Rehearsing some well-known arguments from later Wittgenstein, I argue that loneliness – contrary to an unargued assumption present in several academic engagements – is not subjective in the sense that whether or not a person is lonely does not in all cases hinge on that person’s subjective mental states. This becomes apparent when considering cases of alienation from self-knowledge (Moran 2001). Using Heidegger’s notion of being-in-the-world and being-with I argue that such cases from alienation point towards the notion that loneliness is not merely a subjective feeling, but a categorically different privation of the fundamental mode of being with others.
Heating or ginger extract reduces the content of Pinellia ternata lectin in the raphides of Pinellia tuber
Authors: Liu Yan , Nose Itsuki , Terasaka Kazuyoshi , Fueki Tsukasa , Makino Toshiaki
Published: June 2023

Pinellia tuber, the dried tuber of Pinellia ternata, causes a very strong acridity sensation in the oral and laryngopharynx mucosa when taken orally in its unprocessed form. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this sensation has been called "toxicity", and Pinellia tuber must be processed using ginger extract, licorice, or alum. In Japanese traditional Kampo medicine, since “toxicity” can be eliminated by decocting, it should not be processed. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the "detoxification" of Pinellia tubers. In this study, we produced murine antiserum using recombinant P. ternata lectin (PTL), developed an immuno-fluorescence staining method for PTL in the needle-shaped crystals (raphides) that were prepared by petroleum ether extraction (PEX) from Pinellia tuber, and elucidated the mechanism of the processing of Pinellia tuber using heat or ginger extract. After heating the raphides in water, the amount of PTL contained in the raphides was significantly reduced by the immunostaining, although the shape of the raphides was not changed. Incubating raphides with dried ginger extract also significantly reduced the amount of PTL in the raphides in a concentration-dependent manner. By the activity-guided fractionation of ginger extract, the active ingredients in the ginger extract were oxalic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and citric acid. Among these four organic acids, oxalic acid mainly contributed to the effect of dried ginger extract by its content in ginger extract and its activity. These results exhibit scientific evidences for the traditional theories of processing to "detoxify" Pinellia tuber in TCM and Kampo medicine.

Graphical abstract
Real-time integration between Microsoft HoloLens 2 and 3D Slicer with demonstration in pedicle screw placement planning
Authors: Pose-Díez-de-la-Lastra Alicia , Ungi Tamas , Morton David , Fichtinger Gabor , Pascau Javier
Published: June 2023

Purpose

Up to date, there has been a lack of software infrastructure to connect 3D Slicer to any augmented reality (AR) device. This work describes a novel connection approach using Microsoft HoloLens 2 and OpenIGTLink, with a demonstration in pedicle screw placement planning.

Methods

We developed an AR application in Unity that is wirelessly rendered onto Microsoft HoloLens 2 using Holographic Remoting. Simultaneously, Unity connects to 3D Slicer using the OpenIGTLink communication protocol. Geometrical transform and image messages are transferred between both platforms in real time. Through the AR glasses, a user visualizes a patient’s computed tomography overlaid onto virtual 3D models showing anatomical structures. We technically evaluated the system by measuring message transference latency between the platforms. Its functionality was assessed in pedicle screw placement planning. Six volunteers planned pedicle screws' position and orientation with the AR system and on a 2D desktop planner. We compared the placement accuracy of each screw with both methods. Finally, we administered a questionnaire to all participants to assess their experience with the AR system.

Results

The latency in message exchange is sufficiently low to enable real-time communication between the platforms. The AR method was non-inferior to the 2D desktop planner, with a mean error of 2.1 ± 1.4 mm. Moreover, 98% of the screw placements performed with the AR system were successful, according to the Gertzbein–Robbins scale. The average questionnaire outcomes were 4.5/5.

Conclusions

Real-time communication between Microsoft HoloLens 2 and 3D Slicer is feasible and supports accurate planning for pedicle screw placement.
Two-dimensional carbon material incorporated and PDMS-coated conductive textile yarns for strain sensing
Authors: Islam G. M. Nazmul , Collie Stewart , Gould Maree , Ali M. Azam
Published: June 2023

In recent years, innovative technology based upon conductive textile yarns has undergone rapid growth. Nanocomposite-based wearable strain sensors hold great promise for a variety of applications, but specifically for human body motion detection. However, improving the sensitivity of these strain sensors while maintaining their durability remains a challenge in this arena. In the present investigation, polydopamine-treated and two-dimensional nanostructured material, e.g., reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-coated conductive cotton and polyester yarns, was encapsulated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to develop robustly wash durable and mechanically stable conductive textile yarns. Flexibility and extensibility of all textile yarns of every stage were analyzed using texture analysis. The chemical interactions essential for measuring coating performance among all components were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The rGO-coated cotton and polyester yarns exhibited an extensibility of 11.77 and 73.59%, respectively. PDMS-coated conductive cotton and polyester yarns also showed an electrical resistance of 12.22 and 20.33 kΩ, respectively, after 10 washing cycles. The PDMS coating layer acted as a physical barrier against impairment of conductivity during washing. Finally, the mechanically stable and flexible conductive textile yarns were integrated into a knitted cotton glove and armband to create a highly stretchable and flexible textile-based strain sensor for measuring finger and elbow movement. Truly wearable garments able to record proprioceptive maps are critical for further developing this field of application.
Emerging roles of the long non-coding RNA NEAT1 in gynecologic cancers
Authors: Farzaneh Maryam , Abouali Gale Dari Mahrokh , Anbiyaiee Amir , Najafi Sajad , Dayer Dian , Mousavi Salehi Abdolah , Keivan Mona , Ghafourian Mehri , Uddin Shahab , Azizidoost Shirin
Published: June 2023

Gynecologic cancers are a worldwide problem among women. Recently, molecular targeted therapy opened up an avenue for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules (> 200 nt) that are not translated into protein, and interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins. LncRNAs were found to play pivotal roles in cancer tumorigenesis and progression. Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) is a lncRNA that mediates cell proliferation, migration, and EMT in gynecologic cancers by targeting several miRNAs/mRNA axes. Therefore, NEAT1 may function as a potent biomarker for the prediction and treatment of breast, ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. In this narrative review, we summarized various NEAT1-related signaling pathways that are critical in gynecologic cancers.

Graphical abstract
Does threat trigger prosociality? The relation between basic individual values, threat appraisals, and prosocial helping intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Politi Emanuele , Van Assche Jasper , Lüders Adrian , Sankaran Sindhuja , Anderson Joel , Green Eva G.T.
Published: June 2023

Prosociality is often considered as quintessential in coping with the threats of health emergencies. As previous research has suggested, prosocial behaviors are shaped by both dispositional factors and situational cues about the helping situation. In the present research, we investigated whether “bonding” types of prosociality, helping directed towards close others within one’s social network, and “bridging” types of prosociality, helping directed towards vulnerable people across group boundaries, are predicted by basic individual values and threat appraisals concerning COVID-19. During the pandemic, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the US and India (Ntotal = 954), using the Schwartz value inventory and a multifaceted measure of threat assessment to predict prosocial helping intentions. After controlling for other value and threat facets, self-transcendence values and threat for vulnerable groups uniquely predicted both bonding and bridging types of prosociality. Furthermore, threat for vulnerable groups partially mediated the effect of self-transcendence on prosocial helping intentions: People who endorsed self-transcendent values were particularly concerned by the effect of the pandemic on vulnerable groups, and thus willing to engage in prosocial behaviours to help those in need. Our findings support the idea that prosociality is stimulated by empathic concerns towards others in need and underline the importance for future research to consider the broad spectrum of threats appraised by people during health emergencies.
The effect of childhood adversity on mental health in young adults: a longitudinal study
Authors: Villanueva Lidón , Adrián Juan Emilio , Gomis-Pomares Aitana
Published: June 2023

Childhood adversity has been consistently linked to negative outcomes in children’s mental health. Nonetheless, little is known about the lifelong effects of these experiences during a stage of development with high rates of both internalising and externalising problems: emerging adulthood. Therefore, the present study analyses the relation between self-reported exposure to a wide range of adversities in a community sample of young adults and externalising (deviant behaviour) and internalising (stress, anxiety and depression) outcomes. In this two-time prospective study, 490 young adults (62.4% females) with ages ranging from 18 to 20 years (M = 18.90) were interviewed in person first and then over an online questionnaire one year later (N = 84). Linear regressions were performed for each mental health outcome controlling for demographic variables. Physical abuse emerged as the best predictor of deviant behaviour in both time periods in a univocal relation, whereas internalising outcomes seemed to have a broader multifactorial association with distinct types of adversities only in Time 1. These findings, along with the results of the stability externalising consequences derived from physical abuse, emphasise the importance of prevention and intervention strategies to diminish the transmission of these maladaptive strategies in later periods of life.
Ethanol and Methane Production from the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste in a Two-Stage Process
Authors: Mosquera-Toscano Hamilton Guillermo , González-Barceló Oscar , Valdez-Vazquez Idania , Durán-Moreno Alfonso
Published: June 2023

In the present study, the OFMSW was utilized for ethanol and methane production in a two-stage process. First, the OFMSW was fermented by adjusting different levels of total solids (10%, 20%, and 29%) and a yeast dose (6, 12, and 24 g/kgOFMSW) for bioaugmentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A control treatment without bioaugmentation was used for benchmarking. In the self-fermentation of the OFMSW with its indigenous microbiota, lactic acid was mainly produced, followed by ethanol and acetic acid, where a maximum ethanol production of 113 ± 2 gCOD/kgTS, corresponding to 10.8 ± 0.4 g/L, at 20% of total solids was observed. The results showed that in all treatments with bioaugmentation, regardless of the content of total solids, the main metabolites were ethanol, lactic acid, and acetic acid, which represented more than 95% of the total metabolites. The ethanol concentration was increased by increasing the total solids and the yeast dose. The highest ethanol production was 407 ± 3 gCOD/kgTS with the bioaugmentation of 24 g/kgOFMSW and 20% of total solids, whereas the maximum ethanol concentration of 43.4 ± 0.1 g/L was obtained with bioaugmentation of 12 g/kgOFMSW and 29%. The methane potential of the raw OFMSW was 329 ± 5 NL-CH4/kgVS, whereas the solid digestates resulting from the fermentation exhibited similar or even higher methane yields than raw OFMSW. A maximum methane potential of 464 ± 2 NL-CH4/kgVS from the solid digestate obtained after fermentation of the OFMSW with bioaugmentation of 6 g/kgOFMSW of yeast and 10% of total solids was achieved. Thus, large amounts of ethanol and methane were achieved without the application of pretreatment and/or enzymatic hydrolysis, which implies a low-cost alternative for the production of biofuels.
Factors associated with financial toxicity in patients with breast cancer in Japan: a comparison of patient and physician perspectives
Authors: Saeki Sumito , Iwatani Tsuguo , Kitano Atsuko , Sakurai Naomi , Tanabe Yuko , Yamauchi Chikako , Igarashi Ataru , Kajimoto Yusuke , Kuba Sayaka , Hara Fumikata , Sagara Yasuaki , Ohno Shinji ,   Collaborative Study Group of Scientific Research of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society
Published: June 2023

Background

Financial toxicity (FT) is a notable concern for patients with breast cancer worldwide. The situation regarding FT in Japan, however, has not been well explored. This study examined FT in patients with breast cancer in Japan and presented an overview of the group study’s overall findings.

Methods

The survey used the Questant application and primarily targeted patients with breast cancer attending research facilities and physicians who are members of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. The Japanese version of the Comprehensive Score for FT (COST) was used to quantify patients’ FT. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors related to FT in patients with breast cancer in Japan and evaluate the sufficiency of information support level (ISL) for medical expenses.

Results

We collected 1558 responses from patients and 825 from physicians. In terms of factors affecting FT, recent payments had the highest impact, followed by stage, and related departments positively affecting FT. Conversely, factors such as income, age, and family support were found to negatively affect FT. A significant discrepancy was identified between patients and physicians in perceived information support, with patients frequently feeling unsupported and physicians believing that they have provided adequate support. Furthermore, differences in the frequency of explanations and opportunities to ask questions about medical costs across FT grades were found. The analysis also showed that physicians with a better understanding of information support needs and greater knowledge of medical costs tended to provide more support that is comprehensive.

Conclusion

This study emphasizes the importance of addressing FT in patients with breast cancer in Japan and highlights the need for enhanced information support, deeper understanding by physicians, and collaborative efforts among professionals to mitigate financial burden and provide personalized, tailored support for individual needs.
Spatial analysis and site formation processes associated with the Middle Pleistocene hominid teeth from Q1/B waterhole, Boxgrove (West Sussex, UK)
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Laura , Benito-Calvo Alfonso , De Loecker Dimitri , Pope Matthew
Published: June 2023

Boxgrove is a key locale for our understanding of Middle Pleistocene human behaviour in Northwestern Europe. It provides high-resolution evidence for behaviour at scale in fine-grained sediments, dating from the end of the MIS13 interglacial at around 480,000 years ago. Excavations at this site in the last quarter of the twentieth century have provided a large body of interdisciplinary data, comprising stone artefact assemblages, well-preserved faunal remains and paleoenvironmental archives, from over 100 test pits and larger excavation areas. The excavation area designated Q1/B was excavated between 1995 and 1996 and provided a particularly deep and complex record of early human activity centred upon a pond or waterhole within the wider landscape. In this work, we present a new analysis of spatial data from a single sedimentary unit (Unit 4u) at the Boxgrove Q1/B site. We consider the spatial disposition of lithic and faunal materials, fabric analysis and the role of the palaeotopography in their distribution. The results indicate that, although the dynamic fluvial depositional environment had an undeniable role in the distribution of materials, the scale and nature of post-depositional movement are consistent with the artefacts being preserved within an autochthonous depositional context, not reworked from an earlier sedimentary unit or subject to long-distance transportation. These results are consistent with previous analysis which suggests that the overall lithic assemblage can be directly compared with others from the wider landscape in compositional terms to interpret the behavioural controls over site formation behind the Q1/B archaeology.