bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nilai-Nilai Budaya Jawa dalam Cerita Panji Semirang
Authors: Pradana Susilo Andri Pradana , Budiyono Sunu Catur
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa dalam cerita Panji Semirang menggunakan teori sosiologi sastra menurut Damono (1984: 6). Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data dan sumber data yang digunakan berupa  wawancara budayawan panji Henri Nurcahyo, Bungurasih Sidoarjo pada 24 Desember 2023 berdurasi 53 menit 32 detik dan Seri Naskah Kuna Nusantara No. 38 Perpustakaan Republik Indonesia berjudul Hikayat Panji Kuda Semirang Alih Aksara ditulis oleh Ahmad Budi Wahyono pada tahun 2018 berjumlah 122 halaman. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu metode triangulasi. Teknik triangulasi merupakan teknik untuk mendapatkan kreadibilitas data, peneliti selaku instrumen kunci melakukan pengecekan data dari berbagai sumber tentang cerita Panji Semirang dengan teknik yang berbeda, yaitu wawancara dan dokumen. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, ditemukan nilai-nilai budaya Jawa dalam cerita Panji Semirang yang terdiri atas 4 nilai keagamaan yang meliputi keimanan tauhidan manusia terhadap Tuhan, keteringatan manusia terhadap Tuhan, ketaatan manusia terhadap firman Tuhan, kepasrahan manusia terhadap kekuasaan Tuhan, dan 5 nilai etika berupa kesahajaan, menerima kenyataan, keseimbangan mental, sembada, nalar, serta terdapat 2 nilai sosial, yaitu bakti dan rukun.
Analisis Tindak Tutur Representatif Dalam Saluran Youtube Mata Najwa Women In Power
Authors: Salsabila Putri , Purwanti Diya Ika , Pangestuti Aisyah Fitri Nur , Rofifah Siti Maisun
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk dan maksud tuturan tindak tutur representatif dalam saluran YouTube Mata Najwa episode â€œWomen In Powerâ€. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, yaitu metode simak dan metode deskriptif. Data yang diambil dari penelitian ini berasal dari bentuk tuturan kedua tokoh yang ada dalam saluran YouTube Mata Najwa tersebut. Sumber data pada penelitian ini adalah video YouTube dalam saluran Mata Najwa yang berfokus pada studi kasus Retno Marsudi dan Sri Mulyani. Teknik yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah teknik simak catat, yang merupakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara mencatat informasi yang relevan dari hasil penyimakan video. Hasil penelitian ini menemukan berbagai bentuk tindak tutur representatif, yaitu menyatakan, menuntut, mengakui, melaporkan, menunjukkan, menyebutkan, memberi kesaksian, dan berspekulasi. Data yang diperoleh menunjukkan adanya 11 tindak tutur menyatakan, 3 tindak tutur menuntut, 9 tindak tutur mengakui, 3 tindak tutur melaporkan, 3 tindak tutur menunjukkan, 1 tindak tutur menyebutkan, 5 tindak tutur memberi kesaksian, dan 3 tindak tutur berspekulasi. Di antara berbagai jenis tindak tutur tersebut, tindak tutur menyatakan paling mendominasi dengan 11 data, dimana 7 di antaranya dilakukan oleh Sri Mulyani. Selain itu, tindak tutur mengakui juga cukup dominan dengan 9 data, dimana 5 di antaranya dilakukan oleh Retno Marsudi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam konteks diskusi yang terjadi dalam video tersebut, Sri Mulyani memiliki gaya kepemimpinan yang lebih proaktif dan tegas, sedangkan Retno Marsudi memiliki gaya kepemimpinan yang kooperatif dan mendukung.
O CURRÍCULO DA EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR QUILOMBOLA NOS TERRITÓRIOS E TERRITORIALIDADES DOS QUILOMBOS DE CASTANHAL-PA
Authors: SENA MARIA DO PERPETUO SOCORRO LIMA , Santos Raquel Amorim dos
Published: October 2024

As reflexões que surgiram nesta pesquisa foram evidenciadas a partir do processo de elaboração coletiva dos currículos das escolas municipais quilombolas Castanhalenses, “Fernando Nunes Rodrigues e Pr
AS ESPECIFICIDADES DA REARQUITETURA em contraposição ao Restauro, Reforma e Retrofit
Authors: Kiefer Flávio
Published: October 2024

A partir de um curioso e rápido debate que ocorreu durante minha participação na mesa Cultura e Memória na Arquitetura Contemporânea do 21° Congresso Brasileiro de Arquitetura percebi a dificuldade se
Mutações da audiência televisiva: as interações multiplataforma das obras de Luiz Fernando Carvalho na Rede Globo
Authors: Santos Michelle dos , Castro Lilian Monteiro de
Published: October 2024

Mutações da audiência televisiva: as interações multiplataforma das obras de Luiz Fernando Carvalho na Rede Globo
Ensino de história e imagens: perspectivas e desafios
Authors: Capel Heloísa Selma Fernandes
Published: October 2024

Ensino de história e imagens: perspectivas e desafios
A estética da nulificação: notas sobre a representação da sujeição no cinema
Authors: Lima Frederico Osanan Amorim
Published: October 2024

A estética da nulificação: notas sobre a representação da sujeição no cinema
A linguagem teatral e o ofício do historiador: desafios intelectuais em tempos conflituosos
Authors: Costa Rodrigo de Freitas
Published: October 2024

A linguagem teatral e o ofício do historiador: desafios intelectuais em tempos conflituosos
William Shakespeare e seu tempo: considerações sobre a redefinição da prática teatral renascentista
Authors: Morais Julierme , Fernandes Renan
Published: October 2024

William Shakespeare e seu tempo: considerações sobre a redefinição da prática teatral renascentista
Enhancing mathematical problem-solving ability through project-based learning: A study of vocational high school student
Authors: Jatisunda Mohamad Gilar , Suryadi Didi , Prabawanto Sufyani
Published: October 2024

This study aims to improve the mathematical problem-solving ability of students at Vocational High School (VHS) through implementing Project Based Learning (PjBL). The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a matching-only pretest-posttest control group design, with a sample of 64 students divided into two classes, namely experimental and control classes, each consisting of 32 students. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, where the sample was selected based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Data were collected using tests of mathematical problem-solving ability administered before (pre-test) and after (post-test) the treatment. Data were analyzed using an independent sample t-test and a two-way ANOVA test with univariate general linear model (GLM) analysis. The results showed a difference between the experimental and control groups before the treatment. However, after the treatment, the experimental group had higher mathematical problem-solving ability than the control group, including the improvement and interaction between PjBL implementation and the Early Mathematics Skills (EMS) category.
Investigating fraction computation problem-solving among pre-service primary school teachers
Authors: Pramudiani Puri , Alyani Fitri , Dolk Maarten , Widjaja Wanty
Published: October 2024

The ability to solve problems involving fractions is a fundamental aspect of mathematics education. This study explores how Pre-Service Primary School Teachers approach problem-solving in fractional computations. A workbook is designed to support pre-service primary school teachers ' computational thinking in fraction-context challenges. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method encompassing interviews, study documentation, and observation to assess fraction computation problem-solving abilities. Twenty-seven participants were involved in this study. They were first-year students enrolled in the Primary School Teacher Education Department at one of the private universities in Jakarta, Indonesia. The findings reveal a notable outcome in pre-service primary school teachers ' understanding of fraction computation problem-solving, marked by recognizable strategies in their problem-solving approach. This research suggests that designing a series of workbooks containing various strategies in computational fractions and building a strong fractional number sense can help pre-service teachers reduce misconceptions and better understand fraction operations. These findings offer guidance for mathematics teacher education on how to effectively teach and embed the concept of fraction calculations to their future students so that they can only teach procedurally if they understand the meaning of fraction operations.
Distribution of soil carbon according to pedological profile in the Sudanese savannah Agro-systems of Bondoukuy, western Burkina Faso
Authors: Moïse YONI  , Issaka SENOU
Published: October 2024

A study was conducted to examine the vertical distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) in savannah agrosystems within the cotton farming region of Burkina Faso. The study was conducted on plots belonging to two village lands and two distinct morpho-pedological environments. The first area is characterised by a sandy flatland with light ferruginous soils and a low content of SOC. The second area is distinguished by a sandy-loam lowland with heavier soils and a high content of SOC. A total of 13 plots, comprising natural vegetation, crops or fallow land, were sampled along transects. The history of each plot, whether cultivated or in spontaneous vegetation, was obtained through surveys and field observations. The variability of the soil was addressed by the study of 13 profiles. The soil organic carbon (SOC) content was determined for each distinct horizon in the profiles, and a five-fraction granulometry was conducted on the composite horizon 0-20 cm in the 13 plots. The findings indicate that soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations are higher in the lowland area than in the flatland area. The results demonstrate that the lowland area is characterised by a prevalence of hydromorphic tropical ferruginous soils, which exhibit elevated levels of carbon compared to ferruginous soils with iron sesquioxide and ferralitic soils in the flatland area. The content of fine elements serves to confirm the names of the two morpho-pedological environments. Furthermore, it elucidates the underlying causes of the observed variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) content, which is evident between the two environments. The other primary explanatory variables are soil type (i.e., moisture levels and waterlogging), vegetation type, and the use of the environment through cropping systems. It is notable that there are considerable fluctuations in carbon between the crop and fallow stages in these areas, although the variation is relatively low (+3%). Additionally, some plots with relatively high C content received substantial quantities of manure. The carbon content of the soil tends to decrease as a result of the specific cropping system and the way in which the land is used. As the predominant practice of farming since the 1950s has been shifting cultivation, and given that the land under permanent cultivation is the most clayey, the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) following a change in land use is considerably less than that predicted by current models. In consideration of the dynamics of land use since 1950, it can be posited that a maximum of 3% of carbon in arable soils has undergone a slight reversible process of disappearance, occurring primarily in the 0-20 cm horizon and amounting to a mere 0.5t/ha. Nevertheless, this decline would have ceased (end of the labile C stock, maintenance of fallow cultivation on poor land) were it not for the possibility of increased tillage intensity.
Demulsification efficiency of the leave extract from African blackwood (Delbergia melanoxylon)
Authors: IWUOHA GN  , CHIKWE TN
Published: October 2024

The demulsification efficiency of the leave extract from African Blackwood (Delbergia Melanoxylon) was determined using the bottle test method. Methanol, n-heptane and distilled water were used as extraction solvents respectively to extract the active ingredients of the leave. A 200 ml crude oil emulsion obtained from Niger Delta area Nigeria was introduced into six (6) calibrated 500 ml Teflon-stoppered bottles respectively, the leave extract in the solvent was introduced into each of the bottles as a demulsifier at concentrations of 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 ppm with the sixth bottle left as control (without demulsifier). All the bottles were immersed in a water bath of 60 0C after mixing properly with a mechanical laboratory mixer and left for an hour. After an initial 5 minutes, the percentage of water separated in each bottle was recorded after 10 minutes. Bottle test was also carried out using a synthetic demulsifier (DXO77) on the same crude oil. Results obtained shows that the leave extract using methanol had the highest demulsification efficiency separating 50.5 % water from the crude after 60 minutes with a demulsifier concentration of 250 ppm. A 250 ppm of the synthetic demulsifier (DXO77) separated 51.0% of water from the crude after 60 minutes. The leave extract using n-heptane and distilled water separated 40.5 % and 32.5% water from the crude after 60 minutes at demulsifier concentrations of 250 ppm respectively. There is a consistency in the percentage of water from the crude within the last 15 minutes indicating that the separated water in the crude has reached its threshold, further increase in the demulsifier concentration at this point could lead to emulsification. The demulsification efficiency of plant extracts such as African Blackwood (Delbergia Melanoxylon) are influenced by the characteristics of the extraction solvent such as solvating power and extraction capacity.
The effect of drug abuse among adolescents in Nigeria: A case study of Gwagwalada, Area Council, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ugochi Chidinma Nduka  , Dorcas Imoh Udo  , Shuaib Aduagba Medinah  , Chinasa Victoria Emenike
Published: October 2024

With a focus on drug addiction in teenagers, this study explores the prevalence, causes, and effects of drug addiction in Gwagwalada, Abuja, Nigeria. It provides a thorough understanding of the factors that influence drug misuse among adolescents in the area. The project intends to determine the precise chemicals being misused and investigate the social and environmental factors that contribute to drug use by looking over previous studies, consulting with experts, and gathering information from local stakeholders. Peer pressure, broken families, easy access to drugs, and a lack of opportunities are major contributing factors. The study also looks at how interpersonal violence, criminality, and economic instability are made worse in communities by teen drug use. An extensive literature review, qualitative interviews, and statistical tools like trend analysis and frequency distribution were all combined in a mixed-methods approach to determine the degree of substance abuse. The results show that drug addiction severely compromises the physical, psychological, and social well-being of youth; the main initiators of this damage are peer pressure, familial problems, and financial difficulty. The report recommends quick, comprehensive efforts to reduce drug availability, such as drug education, public awareness campaigns, and increased law enforcement. It also places a strong emphasis on improving preventative measures, addressing underlying socioeconomic issues, and giving young people the tools they need to resist peer pressure and make better decisions in life. The report urges the development of a comprehensive plan to lower drug usage among teenagers and ensure that Nigerian kids have a better future.
Speech sound errors in adolescents with congenital hearing loss
Authors: Sujitha Pathangalil Sreekumar  , Swathi Chembayil Susheel  , Sahlah Shameer
Published: October 2024

Children with hearing impairment (HI) often have vowel and consonant errors. Speech-language pathologists need this information to correct articulation errors. Despite the prevalence of research on speech sound error patterns in hearing aid users, there is a lack of literature in the adolescent group. The present study aimed to investigate the common speech sound errors in HI adolescents from the Malayalam-speaking community who have severe to profound hearing loss and are digital hearing aid users. A total of 15 monolingual Malayalam-speaking children between the ages of 9 and 16 years were recruited who had been diagnosed with speech sound disorders secondary to congenital hearing impairment. The minimum language age for inclusion in the study was over three years. Articulatory error analysis was performed for all consonants and vowels of the Malayalam language, and frequently produced vowel and consonant errors were included in the SODA and PMV analyses. The consonants frequently produced speech sound errors and no vowel errors were found. The most commonly produced consonant errors were fricatives, trills, laterals, velars, and alveolars. Substitution and omission errors were the most common type of error. Place and manner errors were more common than other types of errors. The results of this study may help parents and rehabilitation professionals to understand the common errors that persist even after intensive intervention. It may also be a useful guide for AAC therapists and speech-language pathologists in setting appropriate speech production goals for adolescents with HI.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in social work practice
Authors: Mackline Nuwasiima  , Metogbe Patricia Ahonon  , Caleb Kadiri
Published: October 2024

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) into social work practice is transforming the landscape of service delivery and decision-making. This paper explores how these technologies enhance case management, predictive analytics, and resource allocation in critical areas such as child welfare, mental health, and substance abuse treatment. Key trends highlighted include the use of AI-based predictive analytics to identify at-risk populations and facilitate early interventions, as well as the deployment of chatbots and virtual assistants for providing accessible mental health counselling and social support. Furthermore, the paper addresses ethical considerations and challenges associated with AI implementation, particularly the potential biases in algorithms that may affect the assessment of social needs. Additionally, the integration of AI tools into social work education and training is examined to prepare future professionals for a technology-driven environment. By analysing the current applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for client data analysis, AI-powered software for predictive risk assessments, and automated case management systems, this paper advocates for a balanced approach to AI adoption, ensuring that the core values of social work, such as equity and social justice, remain central to practice. Ultimately, this exploration underscores the potential of AI and ML to enhance social work outcomes while also emphasizing the necessity of ethical frameworks and ongoing training for practitioners.
Study of the importance of plants with tubers and edible roots in the life of local populations in the Nimba Mountains Biosphere Reserve
Authors: LAMAH SP  , TRAORE Ouo-Ouo  , DORE Nèma
Published: October 2024

This study focusing on root and tuber plants in the riverside villages of Nimba aims to promote the importance of roots and tubers in the lives of people living near the UNESCO heritage site, Nimba Mountains Biosphere Reserve. . The method of collecting data from resource people and the focus group through a questionnaire developed using the Kobocollect tool was used. The survey concerned 190 people including 79 women or 41.58% who were grouped into age groups with an interval of 5 years and the age group over 20 years was the most interested with 143 people or 75 .26% of respondents. Among all agricultural productions, cassava ranks first (42%), followed by taro (30%), sweet potato (18%) and yam (10%) the least cultivated due to lack of knowledge of its cultivation method, which allows us to affirm that roots and tubers have a primordial place in the nimba zone. The adaptation of these crops to the difficult conditions of the area, their nutritional energy value and their economic contribution deserve the encouragement of these crops despite the difference in yield between these four crops. So for the development of these cultures, authorities at all levels, NGOs, businesses etc. must strengthen the technical and financial capacity of producers, by forming groups or cooperatives, providing them with improved seeds and inputs.
Stereological Investigation of the Effects of Hypericum Perforatum L. Plant on Skin Tissue in Second Degree Burns in Rats
Authors: Coşkun Abdullah Şevki , Çakmak Gamze
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to examine stereologically the effect of Hypericum perforatum L. oil on skin injuries resulting from burns. Experimental groups were selected 18 healthy rats with an average weight of 250-300 grams as material. The rats were divided into 3 groups: control, burn and burn+treatment, with 6 in each group. In the control group, second-degree burns were created and the rats were perfused. Control group rats were kept in formaldehyde for a week. Burns were applied to the burn and burn+treatment groups with 100ºC water. 4gr/kg of Hypericum perforatum L. oil was given via gavage to the burn+treatment group only for 21 days. The burn group was not intervened. At the end of the process, rats in both the burn and burn+treatment groups were perfused. The skin of the animals, which were kept in formaldehyde for a week, and where second-degree burns occurred were dissected. After tissue tracking and tissue embedding procedures for all animals in the group, 5µm thick sections were taken to obtain 8-10 sections at a ratio of 1/75. Volume values were calculated using stereological methods from the sections photographed with an x4 objective. Calculations were made using the Shtereom I program in accordance with the Cavalieri Principle. Non-parametric tests and Kruskal Wallis test were used in statistical evaluations. When the results were analyzed, it was observed that the administration of Hypericum Perforatum L. oil by gavage had an effect on the healing process of second degree burn wounds.
Tephrostratigraphic fieldwork on Iturup Island (the South Kuril Islands) in 2024
Authors:   Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics of the Far Eastern Branch of RAS, Degterev A.V.
Published: October 2024

The report presents the results of the fieldwork (July 2024) aimed at studying the traces of prehistoric ashfalls in the city of Kurilsk and nearby settlements: the villages of Kitovy, Rybaki, and Reydovo (Iturup, South Kuril Islands). The work was traditionally based on tephrostratigraphic studies, during which the sections of the soil-pyroclastic cover were studied. In total, more than 10 sections were studied. The materials obtained during the fieldwork, after carrying out radiocarbon dating and material composition studies, will be used in further regional studies on young volcanism of the South Kuril Islands, as well as in studies on assessing volcanic hazard and volcanic zoning.
Técnicas interpretativas de la literatura rabínica: fundamentos teóricos de la investigación y nuevas perspectivas
Authors: Berrocal Fonseca Bárbara
Published: October 2024

En este artículo presento una orientación hermenéutica novedosa para el estudio de las técnicas interpretativas rabínicas. La propuesta se basa, por un lado, en los avances teóricos de la hermenéutica filosófica del siglo XX en relación con el trato con los textos (principalmente en las obras de Hans Georg Gadamer y Paul Ricoeur), y, por otro, en una revisión crítica del estado de la cuestión en los estudios sobre interpretación rabínica. Sugiero un desarrollo metodológico de esta orientación hermenéutica aplicable a un análisis hermenéutico-filológico de los textos rabínicos y ofrezco algunas pautas para su desarrollo.
COLLABORATIVE GOVERNANCE DALAM UPAYA PENURUNAN ANGKA STUNTING
Authors: Fardianti Pimpi , Bintari Antik
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dengan tingginya angka stunting di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya tahun 2022. Dalam upaya penurunan angka stunting tersebut, Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya berkolaborasi dengan unsur pentahelix. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk mengidentifikasi proses kolaborasi supaya dapat melihat kebenaran dari kolaborasi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan proses kolaborasi dalam upaya penurunan angka stunting di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya melalui dimensi face to face dialogue, trust building, commitment to process, shared understanding, dan intermediate outcome. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif penyajian bersifat deskriptif. Teknik Pengumpulan data melalui obsevasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan dengan teknik purposive dengan jumlah informan sebanyak 9 informan. Adapun teori yang digunakan yaitu teori collaborative governance menurut Ansell dan Gash dengan menggunakan lima dimensi proses kolaborasi sebagai pisau analisis, yaitu face to face dialogue, trust building, commitment to process, shared understanding, dan intermediate outcome. Hasil penelitian membuktikan adanya ketidakefektifan dalam proses kolaborasi seperti, komunikasi antar unsur yang terlibat belum optimal, kepercayaan dan komitmen antar unsur yang terlibat belum terbangun secara merata, belum adanya pemahaman bersama mengenai isu penurunan angka stunting, serta angka stunting di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya belum turun secara signifikan. Berdasarkan lima dimensi proses kolaborasi collaborative governance menurut Ansell dan Gash, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hal-hal yang ditekankan dalam proses kolaborasi tersebut belum terpenuhi, hal tersebut diakibatkan karena adanya inkonsistensi kebijakan mengenai pelibatan unsur kolaborasi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap tidak terpenuhinya dimensi collaborative governance menurut Ansell dan Gash. Selain itu, program-progam yang dikeluarkan oleh Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dalam upaya untuk menurunkan angka stunting bersifat tidak berkelanjutan sehingga belum mampu menurunkan angka stunting secara signifikan.
The Creativity of Mentally Retarded Students in Solving Plane Problems with Image Media
Authors: Astuti Ambar Ningrum Yelly , Kusumaningrum Betty , Widodo Sri Adi , Dewi Novi Asmarani Kusuma , Irfan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Mental retardation is a condition of someone who has intellectual skills below average. For this reason, the learning process for mentally disabled students requires a different strategy when compared to learning for regular students. Mathematics has the characteristics of an abstract concept. Learning requires media so that the message conveyed by the teacher to students can be adequately achieved. For this reason, learning mathematics requires media such as pictures. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the increase in the creativity of mentally disabled students in solving mathematical problems using media images. This study used one subject with mental retardation characteristics selected by purposive sampling. This single-subject research uses an ABA design. The instrument used in this study was a mathematical creativity test given to subjects in each session. Data analysis techniques use visual techniques, including analysis within and between conditions. The results showed that the subjects were in stable condition at the first baseline, with an average of 66.63. The issues were stable at the intervention, with an average of 79.18. in the retrieval or the second baseline phase, the subjects were in an unstable situation with an average of 62.72. Apart from that, in between conditions, it was found that between the first conditions had increased. Between the second condition, it decreased because media images were not used in learning mathematics. These results indicate that using media images can improve the creative mathematical abilities of mentally disabled students.
The Contribution of Communication Skills and Digital Literacy to Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
Authors: Amin Astuti Muh. , Adiansyah Romi
Published: October 2024

Past studies rarely reported the contribution of communication skills and digital literacy to students’ critical thinking skills in biology. The present study identified the correlation between communication and digital literacy skills and its contribution to students’ critical thinking skills by implementing three learning models. This study employed a correlational research design and involved all biology education students in Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia. The research sample included 60 students from IAIN Ternate and STIKIP Kie Raha, Ternate. The study was conducted in the even semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. Data were gathered using a questionnaire, observation sheets, and an essay test. Multiple linear regression analysis showed the simultaneous contribution of communication and digital literacy to critical thinking in the WE-ARe classroom (73.3%); STAD (63.6%); and conventional (50.4%). These results suggest that the contribution of the predictors to critical thinking was higher in the WE-ARe class than in STAD or conventional classes
Mathematics Learners’ Performance and Academic Achievement at a Public High School Institution in Leyte, Philippines
Authors: Cabuquin Jomar Cobacha , Abocejo Ferdinand Tesado
Published: October 2024

This study examined the correlation between mathematics performance and academic achievement of junior high school learners in a government-run laboratory high school institution and compared the mathematics performance and academic achievement of male and female learners. Correlational and comparative research designs were employed to analyze the gathered secondary data. Findings revealed a positive and highly significant correlation between the learners' mathematics performance and academic achievement, indicating that high school learners who are adept in mathematics tend to succeed and perform better in their academic courses. Whereas low performance in mathematics correspondingly connotes low achievement in overall academic abilities. No significant difference was found between male and female learners, suggesting that both genders of learners can succeed academically. The study concludes that mathematics performance and academic achievement go hand in hand, while gender does not affect the learners' ability to excel in mathematics. Effectively, secondary learning institutions must provide mathematics learners with learning opportunities during Mathematics classes and classroom activities regardless of gender. Teachers must help learners understand how to solve problems and think critically, expose them to real-world applications, and build their confidence and motivation to excel academically.

 
The Development of Mathematics Module Based on the Contextual Apporach in Algebraic Forms Material
Authors: Nur Fitriani , Nurpaidah Nurpaidah , Suharti Suharti , Sulasteri Sri , Tayeb Thamrin
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the process and results of developing a mathematics module based on the contextual approach in algebraic forms which was valid, effective, and practical in the VII grade of Junior High School. This study was research and development (R&D) adapted from the ADDIE development model. The product developed was a mathematics module containing algebraic form materials based on the contextual approach, the subject of the study were students of junior high school. Data collection techniques in this study were validation sheets, questionnaires, learning outcomes tests, and observation sheets. The data analysis technique used was descriptive data analysis. Based on the research findings, it was found that the process of developing teaching materials in this study using the ADDIE instructional development model included five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The mathematics module has met the criteria of validity, effectiveness, and practicality, which means that this module is suitable to be applied in the interaction of teaching and learning activities. The developed module to optimize students understanding of concepts and be able to make students more focus on the learning process in the classroom.
Examination of mycoparasites reveals a new type of host-parasite interface and rearranges the taxonomy of Occultifur and Microsporomyces (Cystobasidiomycetes, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Schoutteten N. , Yurkov A. , Spirin V. , Savchenko A. , Aime M.C. , Begerow D. , Verbeken A.
Published: October 2024

The present study investigates the species boundaries, evolutionary relationships, and host-parasite interfaces of dimorphic mycoparasites that were previously assigned to Achroomyces soranus, Occultifur internus, and Platygloea mycophila based on morphological
similarities. Our comparison of recently collected and cultivated samples with the type specimens of A. soranus and P. mycophila shows that both groups are species complexes, of which the taxa can be differentiated based on morphological and ecological characters. By integrating
the results of a seven-locus dataset (SSU, LSU, ITS, RPB1, RPB2, TEF1, and mitochondrial CYT-B) and detailed micromorphological comparisons of the investigated specimens, we show for the first time that these three groups of mycoparasites belong to Cystobasidiomycetes
(Pucciniomycotina). We applied a polyphasic species concept involving morphology, phylogeny, and ecology to delineate and circumscribe these and new genera. The genus Occultifur comprises six species. Occultifur internus and the newly proposed O. cerinomycicola
are intrahymenial mycoparasites producing haustorial cells and establishing fusion pore interaction with their Dacrymycetous host. Based on microscopical examination, we show that Achroomyces soranus is a member of the genus Occultifur. Based on the molecular phylogenetic reconstruction,
we found that three lichen-associated fungi which are only known from a yeast morph are nested within Occultifur, i.e.Lichenozyma pisutiana, Microsporomyces cladoniae, and M. wangii. The genus Obvidator is newly introduced for three mycoparasitic species
inhabiting members of the corticioid genus Peniophora (Russulales, Agaricomycetes) and causing gall-like malformations of the host basidiome. Microscopic investigation shows that Platygloea mycophila is a member of this genus. Obvidator species display a
yet undiscovered type of host-parasite interface, in which the mycoparasites produce short protrusions on their hyphae adjacent to the host hyphae. The lysis of the host cell wall takes place at points of contact with parasite protrusions, but no rupture of the host plasma membrane or nanometer-fusion
pore formation was observed. The updated Cystobasidiomycetes phylogeny obtained in this study by including mycoparasites showed that the genera Occultifur and Microsporomyces as currently circumscribed are polyphyletic. To resolve this polyphyly, we introduce two new genera,
i.e.Cystastrum and Millanizyma, and recombine species comprising the Occultifur externus clade and a clade consisting of Microsporomyces bloemfonteinensis and M. cladoniophilus, respectively.
Switching the motor response weakens confidence serial dependence
Authors: Bocheva Michaela , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: October 2024

Confidence leak (i.e., confidence serial dependence) is a phenomenon where confidence from a previous trial predicts confidence in a current trial independent of current choice or accuracy. Confidence leak has been shown to robustly occur across various cognitive domains and tasks. However, it remains unclear what factors, if any, modulate the strength of the confidence serial dependence. Here we investigate whether switching the motor response in a perceptual decision-making task influences the strength of the confidence leak effect. Subjects indicated the orientation of a Gabor patch using their left or right hand, with the response hand being randomly cued on each trial. We found that switching the response substantially weakened the confidence leak effect. We further replicated this finding in a second experiment in which left-hand responses were given using a keyboard and right-hand responses were given with a mouse. In both experiments, we also found that confidence leak was weaker whenever the left hand was used in the previous trial, suggesting that lack of motor fluency reduces the strength of confidence serial dependence. These results demonstrate that switching the motor response weakens serial dependencies and imply that the action required to make a choice can impact one’s metacognitive evaluations.
Toddler gestural accommodation in Portuguese nursery schools
Authors: Rodrigues Evelina Daniela , Hobaiter Cat , Grund Charlotte , Henderson Matthew , dos Santos António José
Published: October 2024

This study investigated whether toddlers accommodate their gestures to partners of different ages. Video data from 53 toddlers (410-1080days, 27boys) were collected during free play time in 3 Portuguese nursery schools. Toddlers adjusted their vocabulary complexity and the temporal patterns of their gestures to the recipient’s age, but did not change their prominence. Toddlers communicated with younger peers at a slower pace and using a simpler vocabulary, following child-directed communication patterns. However, when comparing adult-directed with peer-directed communication, toddlers used a more diverse set of gestures and shorter gestures. This study suggests that our ability to accommodate our communication emerges before language is fully developed, and that accommodation is flexibly expressed as a result of intersecting features of social partners.
Decreased Sound Tolerance Disorders (Hyperacusis and Misophonia) in Cognitively Able Autistic Adults I: Prevalence and Clinical Features
Authors: Williams Zachary J , Barrett D. Jonah , Cascio Carissa J. , Woynaroski Tiffany G.
Published: October 2024

Background: Decreased sound tolerance (DST; i.e., difficulty tolerating sounds in one’s environment) is one of the most common sensory features of autism, with a lifetime prevalence between 50–70%. Multiple disorders, including hyperacusis (the perception of moderate-intensity sounds as excessively loud or physically painful) and misophonia (a neuropsychiatric condition in which specific “trigger” sounds cause excessive emotional reactions such as anger, irritation, and disgust) likely contribute to the burden of DST in the autistic population, but there has been little exploration of this symptom cluster in autism in a way that distinguishes these conditions from each other or that examines how these disorders potentially differ in autistic and non-autistic individuals. Methods: A sample of 936 independent autistic adults was recruited from the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge cohort. Hyperacusis and misophonia case status were operationalized using self-report survey items reflecting DST symptom endorsement and functional impairment. Descriptive statistics were derived to report on the prevalence of each DST category, as well as clinical features of individuals in both categories. Results: Across the sample, 40.2% met case criteria for hyperacusis (sex-weighted prevalence: 33.5%), whereas 35.5% met case criteria for misophonia (sex-weighted prevalence: 29.1%), and comorbid hyperacusis and misophonia was found in 27.0% (sex-weighted prevalence: 21.9%). Both hyperacusis and misophonia were associated with tinnitus and tinnitus disorder, although neither condition was associated with (diagnosed) hearing loss. Sound-evoked pain was a commonly reported symptom of hyperacusis, with 64.7% of autistic adults experiencing pain at least once per month and 24.7% of autistic individuals with hyperacusis meeting criteria for “pain hyperacusis.” Onset of hyperacusis was much earlier than previously reported in non-autistic samples, although most other features of both hyperacusis and misophonia did not differ from what is known from general population studies. Conclusion: Both hyperacusis and misophonia (and their comorbidity) are highly prevalent in the autistic population and should be studied in tandem (rather than as a unified construct) in future investigations of autism-associated DST.
The Retention of Metaphorical Imagery in Translations of Pasternak's Works into Kazakh and English
Authors: Aushakhman A.T. , Oldfield A. , Tarakov А.S.
Published: October 2024

In this research the retention of metaphorical content in translations of Boris Pasternak's poems into Kazakh and English was examined, highlighting the complexity of transferring metaphors and the need for further analysis. It evaluates how well metaphorical content is preserved in these translations, noting that despite efforts, complete conveyance of metaphorical imagery is often challenging. The methodology involves a comparative analysis of the original text and its translated version to assess the preservation of metaphors. While some metaphors in Pasternak's works can be effectively conveyed in Kazakh and English, challenges arise when dealing with national-specific metaphors. This study contributes significantly to literary studies, comparative linguistics, and translation theory, particularly in poetry translation, enhancing understanding of the complexities involved in conveying metaphors in literary works.
Revisiting Public Perception towards Police Behavior: Role of Media in Maintaining Law and Order in Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Samza , Imam Syed Kaleem , Ashraf Asfa
Published: October 2024

The core objective of the current study was to dig out the public perception of police behavior from students of Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan-Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from n=385 university students through a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected by adapting Mastrofski's model (1999) based on six dimensions i.e. attentiveness, reliability, fairness, manner, responsiveness, and competence. Findings showed that overwhelming respondents had negative perceptions towards police behavior due to their biases. Moreover, a large majority was of the view that though the role of the police department is pivotal and undeniable in maintaining the law and order situation in the country however Pakistani media is not playing its due role in this regard and this could be a pertinent contributing factor in creating such a negative public perception. This study concluded public perception of police behavior is complex, with significant implications for law enforcement.
Evaluating the safety and efficacy of medical management in extracranial pseudoaneurysms: a comparative study
Authors: Filo Jean , Ramirez-Velandia Felipe , Lawlor Donna , Young Michael , Pettersson Samuel D. , Fodor Thomas B. , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Muram Sandeep , McDonald John , Shutran Max , Granstein Justin H. , Taussky Philipp , Ecker Robert D. , Ogilvy Christopher S.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

As endovascular interventions become safer and their use more prevalent for treating extracranial pseudoaneurysms, fewer pseudoaneurysms are treated with medical therapy alone. This study aimed to assess the indications for intervention and the safety of medical management.

METHODS

A dual-center retrospective analysis was conducted on patients diagnosed with extracranial carotid and vertebral pseudoaneurysms between December 2006 and June 2023.

RESULTS

Of 145 pseudoaneurysms, 121 (83%) received medical therapy, 22 (15%) were treated endovascularly, and 2 (1.4%) were treated with open surgery. In the medical group, there were 2 (1.9%) complications, one unrelated to the pseudoaneurysm. In the intervention group, there were 3 (16%) complications, with 1 patient requiring two retreatments and sacrifice of the vessel. Major trauma (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.3–14; p = 0.02), use of digital subtraction angiography as the initial imaging modality (OR 9.8, 95% CI 2.5–42; p < 0.01), and a maximum lesion diameter > 6 mm (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.4–25; p = 0.03) proved to be significant in the decision to intervene. At a median follow-up of 18.1 months, 94.7% of the lesions treated with intervention healed completely compared with 19% of aneurysms in the medical group. Among those medically managed that did not resolve, the median change in diameter was −0.4 mm (IQR −1.8 to 0.4 mm). Age ≤ 50 years and aneurysm maximum diameter ≤ 6 mm predicted healing at follow-up in the medical group with 92% specificity and 65% sensitivity (area under the curve 0.87). At follow-up, 98% of patients were functionally independent (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2).

CONCLUSIONS

Medical management alone is safe for most extracranial pseudoaneurysms, resulting in significantly fewer complications than endovascular intervention. Maximum diameter ≤ 6 mm and age ≤ 50 years were significant predictors of pseudoaneurysm resolution with medical therapy alone. Lesions that do not heal do not cause further symptoms or require additional intervention.
Semaglutide exposure and its association with adverse outcomes in diabetic patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease
Authors: Khalid Syed I. , Massaad Elie , Thomson Kyle , Shin John H.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Semaglutide, a novel glucagon-like peptide–1 receptor agonist, has transformed the therapeutic landscape for type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, its effect on osteoclast activity and its potential to induce weight-related muscle loss raises concerns about its impact on spine surgery outcomes. As such, evaluating semaglutide’s influence on transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is imperative, given the procedure’s reliance on successful bony fusion to prevent postoperative instability and further interventions.

METHODS

Using an all-payer database (MARINER), the authors analyzed data from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were 18–74 years of age and who underwent short-segment fusion (≤ 3-level) TLIFs between January 2018 and October 2022. Patients were either exposed to semaglutide or not. A comprehensive 1:3 (exposure vs no exposure) matching was performed based on age, sex, obesity, hypertension, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, smoking status, osteoporosis, levels of surgery, and basal-bolus insulin dependence. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank testing were performed to study the probability of additional lumbar fusion surgery within 1 year.

RESULTS

After the 1:3 matching, 1781 patients were identified, with 447 in the semaglutide-exposed cohort and 1334 in the nonexposed cohort. Most patients in both groups were 55–69 years old, and 59.3% were female. Analysis showed that the likelihood of undergoing additional lumbar fusion surgery within 1 year post-TLIF was significantly higher in the semaglutide-exposed group than in the nonexposed group (OR 11.79, 95% CI 8.17–17.33). Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank testing further confirmed a statistically significant divergent probability in the need for additional surgery within 1 year between the cohorts (log-rank, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Semaglutide exposure appears to be associated with a higher likelihood of additional lumbar fusion surgeries within 1 year post-TLIF, especially in patients receiving the medication for longer durations. Although the mechanisms remain speculative, potential impacts on bone turnover and the onset of muscle loss may be contributory factors. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact mechanisms and to develop strategies for optimizing surgical outcomes in these patients.