bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Zealand case study: What is happening to lead changes to effective co-teaching in flexible learning spaces?
Authors: Fletcher Jo , Mackey Julie , Fickel Letitia
Published: August 2020

De-privatising teaching and working collaboratively with fellow teachers in purposively designed school buildings requires effective leadership. The principal is situated amongst those closely affiliated to their school such as teachers, parents and students, and yet they need to work alongside the wider school community, the school’s governing Board of Trustee members and national educational policy-makers and administrators. This article uses a single case study of a school leadership team who changed the school culture from traditional one teacher per classroom settings to four to five teachers with approximately 105 students in flexible learning spaces. The principal and three members of the governing Board of Trustees of the school were interviewed. The study found that the leadership team had invested considerable time into sustained professional development in ways to effectively develop collaborative teaching communities within flexible learning spaces. The professional development, led by the principal, was underpinned by the principal spending time seeking a clear understanding of research-based practices that supported the change. This explicit knowledge of the principal allowed teachers, Board of Trustee members and parents to have confidence in the changes to teaching strategies in flexible learning spaces.
On the identity ofEucephalobus oxyuroides(de Man, 1876) Steiner, 1936 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae), with an updated taxonomy of the genus and notes about its phylogeny
Authors: Abolafia Joaquín , Peña-Santiago Reyes
Published: August 2020

The identity ofEucephalobus oxyuroidesis discussed after studying two Iberian populations that fit the original description of the species. A new characterization is consequently provided as follows: 0.49 to 0.70 mm long body, lip region continuous with the adjoining body and bearing short probolae prongs, neck 132 to 158 µm long, spermatheca 23 to 47 µm long or 1.0 to 1.8 times the corresponding body diameter, post-vulval uterine sac 40 to 54 µm long or 2.0 to 2.5 times as long as the body diameter,V  =  58 to 64, female tail conical elongate with very acute terminus (60-79 µm,c = 7.1-10.0,c′ = 4.9-5.8), male tail conical (36-49 µm,c =10.9-14.3,c′ = 2.4-3.4) with an elongate acute mucro, and spicules 21 to 22 µm long. Previous records of the species are revised. An emended diagnosis of the genus is proposed, and its taxonomy is updated with a list of species, key to their identification and illustrations. The evolutionary relationships ofEucephalobus, as derived from the analyses of 18S and 28S rDNA fragments, reveals that it occupies a basal position within the subfamily Cephalobidae.
Factors determing the adhesive capacity of Lactobacillus bacteria
Authors: Paliwoda Anna , Nowak Adriana
Published: August 2020

The ability of Lactobacillus to adhere to the intestinal epithelium is one of the most important criterion in the selection of probiotic strains. Adherence allows microorganisms to survive and temporarily colonize the digestive system, which is necessary to induce beneficial effects on the host. Adhesion is a very complex, multistep process and, although there are many proposed theories, the exact mechanism is still not fully understood. A crucial role in the formation of the adhesive interactions plays the bacterial cell wall and its components, such as exopolisaccharydes, lipoteichoic acids and various proteins e.g. S-layer proteins.

1. Introduction. 2. Stages of Lactobacillus adhesion to intestinal epithelium 3. Adhesion factors. 3.1. Protein factors 3.2. Non-protein factors. 3.3. Environmental factors. 3.4. Aggregation and hydrophobic interactions. 4. Summary

1. Wstęp. 2. Etapy adhezji bakterii Lactobacillus do nabłonka jelitowego. 3. Czynniki uczestniczące w adhezji. 3.1. Czynniki białkowe. 3.2. Czynniki niebiałkowe. 3.3 Czynniki środowiskowe. 3.4. Tworzenie agregatów oraz oddziaływania hydrofobowe. 4. Podsumowanie
Coagulase-positive species of the genus Staphylococcus– taxonomy, pathogenicity
Authors: Kmieciak Wioletta , Maria Szewczyk Eligia
Published: August 2020

Staphylococci constitute an important component of the human microbiome. Most of them are coagulase-negative species, whose importance in the pathogenesis of human infections has been widely recognized and is being documented on a regular basis. Until recently, the only well-known coagulase-positive staphylococcus species recognized as human pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. Previously, the ability to produce coagulase was used as its basic diagnostic feature, because other coagulase-positive species were associated with animal hosts. Progress in the laboratory medicine, in which automatic or semi-automatic systems identify the staphylococci species, revealed a phenomenon of spreading of the coagulase positive staphylococci to new niches and hosts, as they are being isolated from human clinical materials with increasing frequency. As a result, many reaserchers and laboratories have turned their attention to the phenomenon, which caused an inflow of new data on these species. An increasingly expansive pathogenic potential of coagulase-positive staphylococci against humans has been documented. In the presented study, recent data on both S. aureus and species previously considered to be animal, i.e. S. intermedius, S. pseudintermedius, S. delphini, S. lutrae, S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans, S. hyicus as well as newly described species S. agnetis, were shown.

1. Introduction. 2. Staphylococcal coagulase. 3. Staphylococcus aureus. 4. Staphylococcus intermedius Group species. 4.1. Staphylococcus intermedius. 4.2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. 4.3. Staphylococcus delphini. 5. Staphylococcus hyicus. 6. Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans. 7. Staphylococcus lutrae. 8. Staphylococcus agnetis. 9. Summary

1. Wstęp. 2. Koagulaza gronkowcowa. 3. Staphylococcus aureus. 4. Gronkowce grupy SIG. 4.1. Staphylococcus intermedius. 4.2. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. 4.3. Staphylococcus delphini. 5. Staphylococcus hyicus. 6. Staphylococcus schleiferi subsp. coagulans. 7. Staphylococcus lutrae. 8. Staphylococcus agnetis. 9. Podsumowanie
Bacterial chitinases and their application in biotechnology
Authors: Kisiel Anna , Kępczyńska Ewa
Published: August 2020

Chitin, an insoluble linear β-1,4-linked polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, is the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature after cellulose. It is present in cell walls of several fungi, exoskeletons of insects and crustacean shells. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this polysaccharide is carried out in the presence of glycoside hydrolases-chitinases. They are produced by microorganisms, insects, plants, and animal, but it is the bacterial chitinases which play a fundamental role in degradation of the chitin. Chitinases and their products, chito-oligomers, have been of interest in recent years due to their wide range of applications in agriculture, medicine and industry. This review focuses on the enzymatic properties of the bacterial chitinases and their potential applications in various kinds of biotechnology.

1. Introduction. 2. Sources of chitin and its structure. 3. Chitinases – structure and function. 4. Chitinase – producing bacteria. 5. The role of bacterial chitinases in green biotechnology. 6. Application of chitinases in white biotechnology. 7. Application of chitinases in red biotechnology. 8. Summary
Strategies for the analysis of thioloxidorductases
Authors: Jagusztyn-Krynicka Elżbieta Katarzyna , Banaś Anna Marta , Grzeszczuk Magdalena Joanna
Published: August 2020

Bacterial Dsb (disulfide bond) enzymes are involved in the oxidative folding of many proteins, through the formation of disulfide bonds between thiol groups of cysteine residues. This process is critical for the correct folding and structural stability of many secreted and membrane proteins. The rapidly expanding number of sequenced bacterial genomes has revealed the enormous diversity among bacterial Dsb systems. While the Escherichia coli oxidative protein folding has been studied in great details, the mechanism of the Dsb systems functioning in other bacteria are rather poorly understood. Herein, we present the current methodology, both in vivo and in vitroexperimental techniques, which allow us to understand the functioning of the Dsb proteins and has broaden our knowledge in the field of biochemistry and microbiology of this posttranslational protein modification. Many bacterial virulence factors are extracytoplasmic Dsb-dependent proteins. Thus, this system plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis and the proteins of the Dsb network represent possible targets for new drugs.

1. Introduction. 2. Analysis of the Dsb functioning in vivo. 2.1. Determination of the in vivo redox state. 2.2. Phenotypic assay of the mutated strains. 3. Analysis of the Dsb functioning in vitro. 3.1. Insulin reduction assay. 3.2. Determination of the redox potential. 3.3. Assay of the oxidative and isomerase activity. 3.4. Determination of the pKa value of the cysteine residue 3.5. Determination of the interaction between DsbA and DsbB. 3.6. Protein structures. 3.7. Searching for Dsb protein substrates. 4. Conclusions
Genetic diversity of bovine diarrhea and mucosal disease virus
Authors: Mirosław Paweł , Antos Aleksandra , Polak Mirosław
Published: August 2020

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is classified as a member of the Pestivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. BVDV is one of the most important viral pathogens of ruminants worldwide, causing severe economic losses. Infection results in a wide range of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild respiratory disease to fetal death and mucosal disease. The virus particles are small and contain a singlestranded, positive-sense RNA molecule of approximately 12.3 kb with one large open reading frame flanked by two untranslated regions (5’UTR and 3’UTR). The polyprotein is proteolytically cleaved by viral and host proteases resulting in the formation of mature viral proteins. It is well established that BVDV strains show considerable genetic diversity. BVD viruses are classified as two species: BVDV-1 and BVDV-2. Quite recently, a new putative species, BVDV-3, was detected. The viruses exist as one of two biotypes: cytopathic or non- cytopathic, based on their activity in cell cultures. The phylogenetic analysis of the 5’UTR and Npro region has revealed at least 21 distinct subtypes of BVDV-1 and 4 subtypes of BVDV-2. Genetic diversity of BVD viruses has serious clinical implications such as immune evasion, increase of virulence, host range alteration and also affects the efficacy of vaccination programmes and diagnostic methods.

1. Introduction. 2. Characteristics of BVD virus. 3. Genetic diversity. 4. The importance of genetic variation. 5. Conclusion
FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS– REVIEW
Authors: Cieślik Piotr , Knap Józef , Bielawska-Drózd Agata
Published: August 2020

In the early twentieth century, Francisella tularensis was identified as a pathogenic agent of tularaemia, one of the most dangerous zoonoses. Based on its biochemical properties, infective dose and geographical location, four subspecies have been distinguished within the species F. tularensis: the highly infectious F. tularensis subsp. tularensis (type A) occurring mainly in the United States of America, F. tularensis subsp. holarctica (type B) mainly in Europe, F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica isolated mostly in Asia and F. tularensis subsp. novicida, non-pathogenic to humans. Due to its ability to infect and variable forms of the disease, the etiological agent of tularaemia is classified by the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA) as a biological warfare agent with a high danger potential (group A). The majority of data describing incidence of tularaemia in Poland is based on serological tests. However, real-time PCR method and MST analysis of F. tularensis highly variable intergenic regions may be also applicable to detection, differentiation and determination of genetic variation among F. tularensis strains. In addition, the above methods could be successfully used in molecular characterization of tularaemia strains from humans and animals isolated in screening research, and during epizootic and epidemic outbreaks.

1. Historical overview. 2. Characteristics and taxonomy of F. tularensis. 3. Morphology. 4. Culture media and conditions. 5. Biochemical properties. 6. Survivability and persistence of F. tularensis. 7. F. tularensis as a biological weapon agent. 8. Tularaemia vaccines. 9. Pathogenicity of F. tularensis. 10. Tularaemia treatment. 11. Laboratory diagnostics of F. tularensis. 12. Summary
GENOME SHUFFLING AS AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF IMPROVING THE PROPERTIES OF DISTILLERY YEAST
Authors: Wawro Aleksandra
Published: August 2020

Modern technologies of bioethanol production require distillery yeast characterized by thermotolerance, osmotolerance and increased resistance to secondary metabolites. To date, no strains have been observed in nature which possess all of the above-mentioned characteristics. For many years, intensive research has been carried out to improve the technological properties of industrial strains. A number of methods have been developed to allow genetic improvement of distillery yeasts. One of the most promising and effective methods is genome shuffling, allowing the creation of hybrids whose genome is a combination of large DNA fragments derived from strains with distinct phenotypic traits. Genome shuffling creates a chance that the new strain will have valuable functional genes, including their full operons. This, in turn, increases the chance of a long-term maintenance of beneficial technological features by the obtained hybrids.

1. Introduction. 2. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2.1. Yeast genome. 2.2. Role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in the bioethanol production. 3. Pathways of genetic improvement. 4. Methods of genetic improvement. 5. Genome shuffling. 5.1. Improvement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains by genome shuffling method. 6. Conclusion
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF WILD AND GENETICALLY-MODIFIED STRAINS OF ACETIC ACID BACTERIA
Authors: Stasiak-Różańska Lidia , Kupiec Milena
Published: August 2020

Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB) have been known for many years, since humans first used them to produce vinegar. AAB serve as biocatalysts in industrial production of, inter alia, acetic acid, dihydroxyacetone, gluconic acid, bacterial cellulose or levan. Apart from the traditional industrial applications of wild strains of AAB, scientists strive to develop novel methods for the production of selected compounds using genetically-modified AAB. The application of such mutants in the industry entails both positive and negative aspects. Modifications of the bacterial genome have a significant effect upon the functioning of the entire cell. This review presents industrial applications of metabolites produced by both wild and genetically-modified strains of AAB.

1. Application of wild strains of AAB in the industry. 2. Application of genetically-modified strains of AAB in the industry. 3. Opinion on GMOs used in industry. 4. Summary
QED at NNLO with McMule
Authors: Banerjee Pulak , Engel Tim , Signer Adrian , Ulrich Yannick
Published: August 2020

McMule is a framework for fully
differential higher-order QED calculations of scattering and decay
processes involving leptons. It keeps finite lepton masses, which
regularises collinear singularities. Soft singularities are treated with
dimensional regularisation and using FKS^\ellℓ
subtraction. We describe the implementation of the framework in
Fortran 95, list the processes that are currently implemented, and give
instructions on how to run the code. In addition, we present new
phenomenological results for muon-electron scattering and lepton-proton
scattering, including the dominant NNLO corrections. While the
applications presented focus on MUonE, MUSE, and P2, the code can be
used for a large number of planned and running experiments.
Postgraduate Orientation June 2020 with audio.pptx
Authors: Cartwright Linda , Otto Jill
Published: August 2020

The Rhodes University Library Services Postgraduate Orientation 2020 includes the following areas:

* Research Support

* My Library Account

* Inter-library Loans

* Searching Databases

* Creating Search Alerts

* Rhodes Digital Commons
RU Library & Information Services
Authors: Library Staff Rhodes University
Published: August 2020

The collection houses various resources that staff at the Rhodes University Library Services created for use to educate and support the academic community.
Build Indonesia through ASEAN Economic Community
Authors: Permatasari Yunita
Published: August 2020

As the interdependent global economy increased, ASEAN responded with the creation of ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). The AEC is expected to become the ASEAN arena of learning regional economic integration before entering the global integration. Indonesia, as the largest country in the region, should be a natural leader. However, the level of investment in Indonesia was lost to Singapore and several other ASEAN countries, thus Indonesia should see the potential of the AEC and maximize it to benefit the strengthening of Indonesia's strength. This research aimed to explain the AEC background, the potentials and challenges of the AEC, the AEC 2015 and 2025 comparisons. Using qualitative methods with inductive logical thinking, and constructivism as the analysis framework, the result shows that AEC 2025 is believed to be the integration of the regional economy with a dynamic and sustainable process. Thus, Indonesia can strengthen its position in AEC 2025, using a constructivism approach to reform Indonesian identity into the structure.
On the importance of mixing characterization and application in the water treatment process
Authors: Vašatová Petra , Filipenská Monika , Petříček Radim , Pivokonský Martin
Published: August 2020

Floc properties can be controlled only by selecting a coagulant type and adjusting mixing parameters. However, optimization of mixing is widely overlooked. Well-chosen mixing conditions increase floc separation efficiency, which decreases the operating costs of drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). This paper presents guidelines for designing mixing parameters in water treatment. Special attention is paid to the determination of mixing intensity and the purpose of different mixing intensities with respect to the subsequent separation. For instance, single-stage separation by filtration must be preceded by homogenization and rapid flocculation mixing. Double-stage separation by sedimentation and filtration should be preceded by homogenization, rapid flocculation mixing and slow flocculation mixing.
Chlorine disinfection against Legionella pneumophila biofilms
Authors: Assaidi Abdelwahid , Ellouali Mostafa , Latrache Hassan , Zahir Hafida , Karoumi Abdelaziz , Mliji El Mostafa
Published: August 2020

Premise plumbing promotes the regrowth and survival of opportunistic pathogens, such as Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila), especially within biofilms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of chlorine disinfection against L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and serogroup 2–15 planktonic form and biofilms. Planktonic cells were able to survive during the study period in the presence of chlorine at recommended free chlorine levels (0.2–0.5 mg/L). Biofilms were developed on galvanized steel and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for 18 and 30 days and exposed to 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/L for 2 hours. No colony appeared immediately after chlorination; however, persistent cells were able to tolerate treatment and continue to grow on subsequent days. The biofilm formation was evaluated by atomic force microscopy. This study demonstrates that the biofilm formed on the surfaces of plumbing materials increases bacterial resistance against high levels of chlorination. A new approach towards monitoring and eradicating L. pneumophila from water systems is required.
Wine-processing waste sludge permeable reaction barrier utilized to block a gasoline plume in a simulated aquifer
Authors: Liu Cheng-Chung , Liu Yu-Chun , Liu Jun-Ui
Published: August 2020

Oil leakage from gas stations in Taiwan is commonly caused by the corrosion of oil tanks or loose pipeline joints, contaminating the soil and groundwater near the gas station. Wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS) does not contain toxic substances and has a high organic matter content. Thus, it has high affinity for methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX), being suitable for application in preventing and controlling groundwater pollution. In this study, a permeable reaction barrier (PRB) constructed utilizing WPWS in a large water tank was designed to simulate the diffusion and blockage of gasoline plumes in an aquifer. The constructed WPWS PRB had a rectangular shape with a thickness and height of 9 and 60 cm, respectively. The depth in the aquifer was adjusted to 50 cm. MTBE was detected in the aquifer downstream of the WPWS PRB every day during the experiment; however, the maximum concentration detected was only 5.33 ppb. BTEX were only detected on 3 days during the experiment and had maximum concentrations of 1.76, 2.28, 0.34, and 0.60 ppb, which are below the water quality control standards.
”Wie schrieuwe Seeltersk” – a study of the orthography of Saterland Frisian literary texts
Authors: Bergqvist S.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether literary texts in Saterland Frisian correspond to the written form codified in dictionaries. In order to answer this question, two dictionaries have been investigated: one by Pyt Kramer, and one by Marron C. Fort. Both Kramer and Fort have proposed their own orthographic systems, and made efforts to establish them not only in their respective dictionaries, but in other written works as well. Two literary texts, written by speakers of Saterland Frisian, have been compared to the dictionaries in terms of orthography: one by Gesina Lechte-Siemer, and one by Gretchen Grosser. The results of the investigation show that Lechte-Siemer’s orthography mostly corresponds to that of Kramer. However, Grosser’s text – which is the more recent of the two – does not adhere strictly to either orthographic system, instead combining aspects of both. This indicates that neither Kramer’s nor Fort’s orthography has established itself as standard, and that a degree of flexibility remains when using Saterland Frisian in writing.
ANALISIS KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MEMECAHKAN SOAL LITERASI KEUANGAN
Authors: Wijayanti Indra Kusuma , Retnawati Heri
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Kemampuan memecahkan masalah dengan menggunakan pengetahuannya, yang dikenal dengan kemampuan literasi. Salah satu aspek literasi ini adalah literasi keuangan. Kemampuan literasi keuangan adalah  Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat literasi keuangan pada peserta didik dan mengidentifikasi kesulitan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang terkait dengan literasi keuangan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus. Responden penelitian ini adalah siswa SMP kelas IX sebanyak45 siswa. Data dikumpulkan dengan pemberian 5 tes uraian. Instrumen dinyatakan valid dengan nilai validitas 0.92. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model Milles & Huberman,dengan tahapan mengumpulkan data, mengolah dan mereduksi data, dan menyimpulkan. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa tingkat literasi keuangan siswa SMP di Kabupaten Sleman tergolong rendah. Sebanyak 71.11% dari total responden berada pada kategori rendah. Identifikasi kesulitan dengan ditemukan 112 kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh siswa, sebesar 38.39% kesalahan pengkodean, 24.11% kesalahan pemahaman, 19.64% melakukan kesalahan transformasi, dan 17.86% melakukan kesalahan proses.Abstract: The ability to solve problems using his knowledge, known as literacy skills. One aspect of this literacy is financial literacy. Financial literacy ability is this study aims to determine the level of financial literacy in students and identify students' difficulties in solving problems related to financial literacy. This research is a case study. The respondents of this study were 45 grade IX middle school students. Data were collected by giving 5 test descriptions. The instrument was declared valid with a validity value of 0.92. Data analysis was performed using the Milles & Huberman model, with stages of collecting data, processing and reducing data, and concluding. The results of the study prove that the level of financial literacy of junior high school students in Sleman Regency is relatively low. As many as 71.11% of the total respondents were in a low category. Identification of difficulties with founding 112 errors made by students, amounting to 38.39% coding errors, 24.11% misunderstanding, 19.64% made transformation errors, and 17.86% made process errors.
IMPLEMENTASI NILAI KEWIRAUSAHAAN JENJANG SEKOLAH DASAR PADA SEKOLAH MITRA STKIP MUHAMMADIYAH BANGKA BELITUNG DI KECAMATAN GABEK KOTA PANGKALPINANG
Authors: Pramesti Diana , Kusuma Adevia Indah
Published: August 2020

Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui implementasi nilai kewirausahaan jenjang sekolah dasar. Subjek penelitian adalah sekolah mitra STKIP Muhammadiyah Bangka Belitung yang berjumlah 5 sekolah dasar di kecamatan Gabek, Pangkalpinang. Setiap sekolah diambil 9 orang responden terdiri atas 5 orang siswa, 1 Kepala Sekolah, 1 guru kelas, 1 pembina ekstrakurikuler dan 1 orang bagian kurikulum. Teknik analisis datanya menggunakan langkah reduksi data, display data dan menarik kesimpulan/verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa implementasi nilai mandiri, nilai berani mengambil resiko dan nilai kreatif dengan skor tertinggi berturut 74,17%, 74,56% dan 85% pada SD Negeri 10. Skor tertinggi  untuk nilai kerja keras terlihat pada SD Negeri 6, dan skor berorientasi tindakan tertinggi 84,16% pada SD Negeri 62. Nilai kepemimpinan tertinggi dengan skor 80,83% pada SD Negeri 22. Kesimpulannya adalah nilai-nilai kewirausahaan telah terimplementasi secara baik di beberapa sekolah meskipun belum membuat program terkait penanaman nilai kewirausahaan secara khusus.  Abstract: This research is a qualitative descriptive study. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of entrepreneurship values at the elementary school level. The subjects of the study were the partner schools of STKIP Muhammadiyah Bangka Belitung, amounting to 5 elementary schools in Gabek sub-district, Pangkalpinang. Each school was taken nine respondents consisting of 5 students, 1 School Principal, 1 class teacher, one extracurricular coach and one curriculum section person. The data analysis technique uses the steps of data reduction; data display and concluding / verification. The results showed that the implementation of the independent value, the value of risk-taking and artistic value with the highest scores respectively 74.17%, 74.56% and 85% in the 10th Elementary School. The highest score for the hard work value was seen in the 6th Elementary School and the score action-oriented highest 84.16% in the 62nd Elementary School. The highest leadership value with a score of 80.83% in 22th Elementary School. The conclusion is that entrepreneurial values have been implemented well in several schools, even though they have not made programs related to the inculcation of entrepreneurial values specifically.
Pengaruh komponen fisik dan motivasi latihan terhadap keterampilan bermain sepakbola
Authors: Dahlan Firmansyah , Hidayat Rahmad , Syahruddin Syahruddin
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh komponen fisik yakni kelentukan, kelincahan, koordinasi mata–kaki, kecepatan, keseimbangan dan motivasi latihan terhadap keterampilan bermain sepakbola. Berdasarkan sifatnya yang bertujuan untuk menguji (Explanatory) maka penelitian ini menggunakan analisis jalur (path analisis). Variabel independen yaitu kelentukan, kelincahan, koordinasi mata–kaki, dan motivasi latihan, adapun variabel dependen yaitu keterampilan bermain sepakbola (keterampilan passing, dribbling, shooting, jugling, dan heading) yang diakumulasi kedalam nilai T-score. Teknik sampling menggunakan sampel jenuh yaitu seluruh populasi pemain sepakbola UKM Olahraga Sepakbola UM Palopo berjumlah 57 orang. Waktu dan tempat penelitian mengikuti ketentuan WFH (work from home) karena kondisi pandemic dan dipantau secara daring. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi korelasional. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan Komponen fisik (kelentukan, kelincahan, koordinasi mata–kaki, kecepatan, keseimbangan) dan motivasi latihan berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan bermain sepakbola. Komponen fisik (kelentukan, kelincahan, koordinasi mata–kaki, kecepatan, keseimbangan) melalui motivasi latihan berpengaruh terhadap keterampilan bermain sepakbola. Penelitian dan pengambilan data dapat dilakukan dapat dilakukan secara daring, tentunya dengan penggunaan dan pengembangan media (e-learning UM Palopo dan Google Form) dan komitmen yang tinggi dari semua pihak. The effect of physical ability and training motivation towards soccer skills AbstractThis research examines the effect of flexibility, agility, eye-foot coordination, speed, balance, and training motivation towards soccer skills. Based on its intended nature, which is to examine (Explanatory), this research uses path analysis. The independent variables are flexibility, agility, eye-foot coordination, and training motivation. In contrast, the dependent variables are soccer skills (passing, dribbling, shooting, juggling, and heading), which are accumulated into T-values. The sampling technique uses saturated samples, which is the entire population of Soccer players in UM Palopo.57 people. The time and place of this research followed the WFH provisions (working from home) due to pandemic requirements and was monitored through online. Data analysis was using the correlational regression test. The research results prove that physical abilities (flexibility, agility, eye-foot coordination, speed, balance) and training motivation are strongly related to soccer skills. This research and data collection was conducted and collected by using developing media (UM Palopo e-learning and Google Forms) and high commitment from all parties.
IS Corona virus (COVID-19) droplets or airborne? Perspectives (Preprint)
Authors: Beyene Sr Tilahun
Published: August 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Abstract
This scientific perspective of mode of transmission of COVID-19 is to aid scientific community in generating hypothesis. The inadequate evidence on SARS-COV-2 transmission has hindered development of effective prevention strategy and resulted in continues pandemic of the COVID-19. Therefore, in this perspective existing evidences are discussed, hypothesis are generated regarding COVID-19 mode of transmission and recommendations are forwarded based on existing body of knowledge. Two meter (2m) physical distance is not completely safe even for large droplets and wearing face mask is a key in prevention of SARS-COV-2 in public areas and confined space.
PERAN PROGRAM PELESTARIAN DOKUMEN ARSIP DALAM MENDUKUNG REVITALISASI JALUR KERETA API DI INDONESIA
Authors: Rakhmawati Rina , Mulyadi Ichwan
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan implementasi program pelestarian dokumen sebagai upaya mendukung kegiatan revitalisasi jalur kereta api di Indonesia. Revitalisasi jalur kereta api merupakan suatu upaya untuk mengaktifkan kembali / reaktivasi jalur kereta yang sempat mati (non operasi). Upaya revitalisasi dilakukan oleh Pemerintah maupun oleh PT Kereta Api Indonesia (Persero) mulai tahun 2014. Revitalisasi jalur kereta dimaksud menjadi salah satu program prioritas pemerintah Indonesia dengan tujuan untuk kemudahan transportasi bagi masyarakat yang selanjutnya akan membawa multiplayer effect pada peningkatan pertumbuhan roda perekonomian melalui keunggulan yang dimiliki kereta api seperti volume angkut besar/angkutan massal, ekononis dan bebas macet. Dalam proses revitalisasi jalur kereta tentunya dibutuhkan dokumen arsip sebagai acuan utama. Dokumen vital yang digunakan dalam kegiatan revitalisasi jalur kereta api adalah dokumen yang berupa gambar teknik, dokumen aset kepemilikan, dan kartografi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer, yang diperoleh dari observasi partisipasi, in-depth interview, dan pengkajian terhadap arsip kegiatan pelestarian dokumen. Data sekunder diperoleh dari kajian pustaka berupa buku, perundang-undangan, artikel ilmiah, maupun literatur yang digali dari sumber internet. Data-data tersebut diolah dengan analisis triangulasi data. Adapun kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu program pelestarian dokumen arsip memiliki peran vital sebagai pendukung referensi utama dalam proyek revitalisasi jalur kereta api di Indonesia. Hal ini disebabkan dalam merevitalisasi jalur kereta api dibutuhkan pedoman untuk merekonstruksi ulang struktur jalur kereta pada masa jalur tersebut masih aktif dipergunakan. Apabila dokumen arsip dalam kondisi rusak, baik fisik maupun informasinya, maka proses rekonstruksi ulang akan membutuhkan biaya lebih besar dan waktu yang lebih lama.
Book Review. Nominalisasi Bahasa Prancis: Kaidah dan Kesulitan Pembelajarannya
Authors: Moehkardi Rio Rini Diah
Published: August 2020

As stated by its author, Ferhadius Endi, his book is dedicated to Indonesian learners of French who often find difficulties in understanding French word formations, in particular the nominalization. Not only is French nominalization a complex word formation process, but also the fact that it is mostly explained in French  references that  give more difficulties for Indonesians learners to understand this particular area.
Book Review. Finding a New Prism of Understanding the “Papua Conflict” Through Papua’s Insecurity: State Failure in the Indonesian Periphery
Authors: Sari Maretta Kartika
Published: August 2020

Another international published research voicing yet the Papua quandary was written by author Bobby Anderson, a non-Indonesian research worker who has been conducting much work in the area. Published in 2015, Papua’s Insecurity: State Failure in the Indonesian Periphery is part of the Policy Studies series, an ongoing publication project by the U.S.-based education and research institution of the East-West Center. Issues of the series are based on fieldwork and academic study, that aim primarily to provide new perspectives and insights on stakeholders’ policies—and in the context of this particular publication, those in the Papua region. It is also noteworthy that the series, tallying to the platform of the above-stated organization, cover the areas of Asia and have target readers comprised particularly of policy and business communities, academics, journalists, and the informed public who probably also hold a special interest in the relations between the U.S. and the region.
Waterschappen (Irrigation Agencies) in Vorstenlanden Surakarta and Yogyakarta, 1900-1942
Authors: Effendhie Machmoed , Bramantya Arif Rahman
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to track the introduction of the irrigation agency (Watershappen) in the Vorstenlanden area Surakarta and Yogyakarta as well as effects on the relationship between farmers, farmers and plantation owners. In addition, this study aims to understand the patterns of institutional change and the water distribution system in the Vorstenlanden region and consequently on agriculture and plantation. State involvement in the problem of water distribution in the Vorstenlanden area causing a collision between a proportional system that has been done by the traditional farmers with absolute system applied state. As a result, irrigation conflicts arise between plantation because of the use of a watershed point for some plantations. Conflicts between plantations and farmers because of water scarcity due to the autonomy of the estate in the distribution of water to agricultural land and conflicts between farmers as water encroachment without the knowledge of other farmers.
Deconstructing Equivalence in the Translation of Texts from French to Indonesian
Authors: Sajarwa Sajarwa
Published: August 2020

Translation is a process of reproducing a source text (ST) in the equivalent target text (TT). The equivalence of translation includes the message of the text. Several factors such as writer, translator, publisher, reader, or spirit of certain era, determine the translation equivalency. In translation, equivalence is negotiated and transactioned; in consequence it is highly likely that the current equivalency will be different in the future. Deconstruction theory claims that the relationship between a signifier and a signified is inconstant; however, it can be “deferred” to obtain a new or different relationship. As a result, a meaning may change in accordance with the will of its user. The result of this research indicates four differences between TT1 and TT2 translation; (1) within a period of twenty years of social and political change (1990 – 2010), TT1 reveals regional issues, while TT2 reveals social class issues; (2) the TT2’s disclosure of meaning is more direct, open, and occasionally rude than the subtle and euphemistic TT1; (3) the TT2 tends to follow ideology of foreignization by inserting foreign words or words from the source language, while the TT1 tends to follow ideology of domestication; (4) there are different viewpoints between the TT1 translator and the TT2 translator.
Book Review. Social Statistics and Ethnic Diversity: Cross-National Perspectives in Classifications and Identity Politics
Authors: Maru Mister Gidion
Published: August 2020

Being published as one of the book series concentrating upon the issues related to the different aspects of international migration, this edited book is published in 2015 entitled Social Statistics and Ethnic Diversity:Cross-National Perspectives in Classifications and Identity Politics. This book, edited by Patrick Simon, Victor Piche and Amelia A Gagnon, presents empirical and theoretical researches on ethnic and racial classifications in official statistics which are viewed as the reflection of the representations of population and an interpretation of social dynamics through different lenses. As results of the works of the specialists of the field, this book responds toward the resurgence of the ethnic questions in the area of statistics as portrayed in effort of the increasing number of the countries in the world that regularly launchdata concerning with ethnicity or race of their population.
The Study of Critical Eco-Linguistic in Green Discourse: Prospective Eco-Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Yuniawan Tommi , Rokhman Fathur , Rustono Rustono , Mardikantoro Hari Bakti
Published: August 2020

Eco-linguistic studies are influenced by one of the other interdisciplinary sciences, namely critical discourse analysis. The combination of these two sciences is called critical eco-linguistic studies. Critical eco-linguistic examines the discourse about the environment and various forms of discourse and their ideology which concerns people and the environment. The environmental discourse with all its manifestations (oral text, written text) is called green discourse. To that end, critical eco-linguistic dictates the linguistic aspects contained in the green discourse. Utilization of lingual units in green discourse will affect the sense and logic of people involved in the discourse, ie the writers and readers or the speakers and the speakers. What is recorded in their cognition, will affect their attitudes and actions to the environment. If green discourse is constructive, then their attitude and actions to the environment are constructive. Conversely, if green discourse is more destructive and exploitative, then their attitudes and actions towards the environment will also be affected towards destruction and exploitation. For this reason, critical eco-linguistic studies in green discourse deserve to be given space as a form of prospective eco-linguistic analysis.
City Architecture as the Production of Urban Culture: Semiotics Review for Cultural Studies
Authors: Susilo Daniel , Primatama Mega
Published: August 2020

This article aims to describe correlation between city's architecture as urban culture and cultural studies, specifically in semiotics. This article starts from Chris Barker's statement about city and urban as text in his phenomenal book, Cultural Studies, Theory and Practice. City as a complex subject has been transformed as the representation of urban culture. In the post-modernism view, urban culture as cultural space and cultural studies' sites have significantly pointed to became communications discourse and also part of the identity of Semiology. This article uses semiotics of Saussure for the research methods. Surabaya and Jakarta has been chosen for the objects of this article. The result of this article is describing the significant view of architecture science helps the semiotics in cultural studies. In other way, city's architecture becomes the strong identity of urban culture in Jakarta and Surabaya. Architecture approaches the cultural studies to view urban culture, especially in symbol and identity in the post-modernism era.
A Study of Dialectology on Javanese "Ngoko" in Banyuwangi, Surabaya, Magetan, and Solo
Authors: Kartikasari Erlin , Laksono Kisyani , Savitri Agusniar Dian , Suryarini Diah Yovita
Published: August 2020

Dialectology study on Javanese language in Banyuwangi, Surabaya, Magetan and Solo is significant as it reveals the lexical and phonological differences of Javanese “ngoko” in the four areasresearched. The areas were chosen due to the following reason; Banyuwangi is located in the eastern tip of Java Island and directly borders the islands of Bali and Madura, Surabaya is the capital of East Java province as well as a metropolitan city, Magetan is located in the western tip of East Java Province which is directly adjacent to Central Java Province, and Solo is the center of Javanese culture in Central Java. The focus of this research is to calculate the number of lexical and phonological differences of Javanese “ngoko” in Banyuwangi, Surabaya, Magetan and Solo. This research uses quantitative researchwith (the or a) descriptive method. The data of the research is Javanese “ngoko”.The instrument is Nothofer questionnaires modified by Kisyani by developing Swadesh's list into 829 words/phrases. The results of the research reveal(1) the largest number of Javanese “ngoko” lexical is found in Solo while theleast were found in Surabaya. The lexical differences of Javanese “ngoko” in Banyuwangi, Surabaya, Magetan, and Solo resulted in one utterance, two dialects and four subdialects, (2)19 patterns of phonological differences in Javanese “ngoko” were found. Finally, the phonological differences of Javanese “ngoko” in Banyuwangi, Surabaya, Magetan, and Solo resulted in four utterances.
Interpretation and Overinterpretation of Ja’far Ibn Hasan Al-Barzanji’s Mawlid Al-Barzanji
Authors: Mashur Fadlil Munawwar
Published: August 2020

This article examines the use of interpretation and overinterpretation in understanding Ja’far ibn Hasan al-Barzanji’s text, Mawlid al-Barzanji, one of the religious literatures in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that Mawlid Al-Barzanji which contain majesty, miracles, prayer, and profound love for the Prophet is widely responded by Indonesian Muslims through the process of reading, interpretation, and appreciation. Such widespread acceptance is due to the fulfillment of interpretation requirements which requires the existence of a common world view between author and reader or interpreter. On the other hand, overinterpretation occurs when the text of Mawlid Al-Barzanji is interpreted by those who have different world views as a result of different religious ideas and religious ideologies. Such overinterpretation invites negative response, ideological prejudice, and rejection of some parts of Al-Barzanji text by those who identify themselves as a salafi group.
Family Intervention in The Problem of Maternal Death: A Case Study of Pregnant Women in Mbojo, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Triratnawati Atik , Izdiha Anis
Published: August 2020

In 2015, the maternal mortality rate in Bima was recorded as 3 cases per 1,000 births, equivalent to 300 maternal deaths per 100,000 births. Although this number is low, it is much higher than the zero mortality rate set by the Sustainable Development Goals. This study discusses the family and community aspects of the maternal health framework, reading the gendered symbolic violence that affect maternal health in Jatibaru Village, Asakota, Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. Data was collected using an ethnographic approach, with techniques including Focus Group Discussions, participatory observation, interviews, and document study. The existence of gender inequities in the family can cause problems when women attempt to access healthcare. Furthermore, families and communities exert control over pregnant women, directing their behavior and attempts to access healthcare according to local customs and traditions. As such attitudes and behaviors are part of the digestive process of knowledge and experience, women often accept and do what is recommended by their families and communities. This social reality of maternal health thus becomes part of gender inequality in society.
The Hoax Phenomenon in Indonesian Society: Observing Anti-Diversity Memes since 2014
Authors: Salam Aprinus
Published: August 2020

This article seeks to explain whether anti-diversity hoaxes that become viral on mass media disrupt the institutional memory of kebhinekaan (diversity) in Indonesian society. The spreading of hoaxes is a phenomenon of postmodern society, and thus this study uses a post-structural approach, in this case, using the theory of Slavoj Zizek. Memes used as data mostly deal with themes of nationality, ethnicity, and religion. The results of this study show that anti-diversity hoaxes are used for short-term purposes (power politics), so they do not intervene the institutional memory of Indonesian society and its belief in diversity.
The Bilingual Mental Lexicon and Lemmatic Transfer in Second Language Learning
Authors: Wei Longxing
Published: August 2020

There have been numerous studies of first Language (L1) transfer in second Language (L2) learning. Various models have been proposed to explore the sources of language transfer and have also caused many controversies over the nature of language transfer and its effects on interlanguage. Different from most previous studies remaining at a surface level of observation, this study proposes an abstract approach, which is abstract because it goes beyond any superficial observation and description by exploring the nature and activity of the bilingual mental lexicon in L2 learning. This approach adopts the Bilingual Lemma Activation Model (BLAM) (Wei, 2006a, 2006b) and tests its crucial assumptions and claims: The bilingual mental lexicon does not simply contain lexemes but abstract entries, called “lemmas”, about them; lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are language-specific; language-specific lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are in contact in L2 learning, lemmas underlying L1 abstract lexical structure may replace those underlying L2 abstract lexical structure. Lemmas in the bilingual mental lexicon are about three levels of abstract lexical structure: lexical-conceptual structure, predicate-argument structure, and morphological realization patterns. The typical instances of L1 lemma transfer in L2 learning are discussed and explained in support of the BLAM.
Las necesidades de la empresa como causa de terminación del contrato de trabajo en el sistema jurídico chileno
Authors: Rojas Miño Irene
Published: August 2020

Starting from the current criticisms that arise to the validity for the cause of company needs, this work proposes to analyze how this cause operates within the termination of employment contract system, in order to verify the reproachable perspectives: high requirements for its configuration and its transformation as a cause of corporate eviction. To achieve these objectives, this work will analyze the functioning of the termination of employment contract system and the legal regime for this cause.