bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learning Optimal Strategies to Commit To
Authors: Peng Binghui , Shen Weiran , Tang Pingzhong , Zuo Song
Published: September 2019

Over the past decades, various theories and algorithms have been developed under the framework of Stackelberg games and part of these innovations have been fielded under the scenarios of national security defenses and wildlife protections. However, one of the remaining difficulties in the literature is that most of theoretical works assume full information of the payoff matrices, while in applications, the leader often has no prior knowledge about the follower’s payoff matrix, but may gain information about the follower’s utility function through repeated interactions. In this paper, we study the problem of learning the optimal leader strategy in Stackelberg (security) games and develop novel algorithms as well as new hardness results.
Learning Deviation Payoffs in Simulation-Based Games
Authors: Sokota Samuel , Ho Caleb , Wiedenbeck Bryce
Published: September 2019

We present a novel approach for identifying approximate role-symmetric Nash equilibria in large simulation-based games. Our method uses neural networks to learn a mapping from mixed-strategy profiles to deviation payoffs—the expected values of playing pure-strategy deviations from those profiles. This learning can generalize from data about a tiny fraction of a game’s outcomes, permitting tractable analysis of exponentially large normal-form games. We give a procedure for iteratively refining the learned model with new data produced by sampling in the neighborhood of each candidate Nash equilibrium. Relative to the existing state of the art, deviation payoff learning dramatically simplifies the task of computing equilibria and more effectively addresses player asymmetries. We demonstrate empirically that deviation payoff learning identifies better approximate equilibria than previous methods and can handle more difficult settings, including games with many more players, strategies, and roles.
A Framework for Approval-Based Budgeting Methods
Authors: Talmon Nimrod , Faliszewski Piotr
Published: September 2019

We define and study a general framework for approval-based budgeting methods and compare certain methods within this framework by their axiomatic and computational properties. Furthermore, we visualize their behavior on certain Euclidean distributions and analyze them experimentally.
Random Walk Decay Centrality
Authors: Wąs Tomasz , Rahwan Talal , Skibski Oskar
Published: September 2019

We propose a new centrality measure, called the Random Walk Decay centrality. While most centralities in the literature are based on the notion of shortest paths, this new centrality measure stems from the random walk on the network. We provide an axiomatic characterization and show that the new centrality is closely related to PageRank. More in detail, we show that replacing only one axiom, called Lack of Self-Impact, with another one, called Edge Swap, results in the new axiomatization of PageRank. Finally, we argue that Lack of Self-Impact is desirable in various settings and explain why violating Edge Swap may be beneficial and may contribute to promoting diversity in the centrality measure.
A Better Algorithm for Societal Tradeoffs
Authors: Zhang Hanrui , Cheng Yu , Conitzer Vincent
Published: September 2019

In the societal tradeoffs problem, each agent perceives certain quantitative tradeoffs between pairs of activities, and the goal is to aggregate these tradeoffs across agents. This is a problem in social choice; specifically, it is a type of quantitative judgment aggregation problem. A natural rule for this problem was axiomatized by Conitzer et al. [AAAI 2016]; they also provided several algorithms for computing the outcomes of this rule. In this paper, we present a significantly improved algorithm and evaluate it experimentally. Our algorithm is based on a tight connection to minimum-cost flow that we exhibit. We also show that our algorithm cannot be improved without breakthroughs on min-cost flow.
Preference-Aware Task Assignment in On-Demand Taxi Dispatching: An Online Stable Matching Approach
Authors: Zhao Boming , Xu Pan , Shi Yexuan , Tong Yongxin , Zhou Zimu , Zeng Yuxiang
Published: September 2019

A central issue in on-demand taxi dispatching platforms is task assignment, which designs matching policies among dynamically arrived drivers (workers) and passengers (tasks). Previous matching policies maximize the profit of the platform without considering the preferences of workers and tasks (e.g., workers may prefer high-rewarding tasks while tasks may prefer nearby workers). Such ignorance of preferences impairs user experience and will decrease the profit of the platform in the long run. To address this problem, we propose preference-aware task assignment using online stable matching. Specifically, we define a new model, Online Stable Matching under Known Identical Independent Distributions (OSM-KIID). It not only maximizes the expected total profits (OBJ-1), but also tries to satisfy the preferences among workers and tasks by minimizing the expected total number of blocking pairs (OBJ-2). The model also features a practical arrival assumption validated on real-world dataset. Furthermore, we present a linear program based online algorithm LP-ALG, which achieves an online ratio of at least 1−1/e on OBJ-1 and has at most 0.6·|E| blocking pairs expectedly, where |E| is the total number of edges in the compatible graph. We also show that a natural Greedy can have an arbitrarily bad performance on OBJ-1 while maintaining around 0.5·|E| blocking pairs. Evaluations on both synthetic and real datasets confirm our theoretical analysis and demonstrate that LP-ALG strictly dominates all the baselines on both objectives when tasks notably outnumber workers.
Heuristic Search Algorithm for Dimensionality Reduction Optimally Combining Feature Selection and Feature Extraction
Authors: He Baokun , Shah Swair , Maung Crystal , Arnold Gordon , Wan Guihong , Schweitzer Haim
Published: September 2019

The following are two classical approaches to dimensionality reduction: 1. Approximating the data with a small number of features that exist in the data (feature selection). 2. Approximating the data with a small number of arbitrary features (feature extraction). We study a generalization that approximates the data with both selected and extracted features. We show that an optimal solution to this hybrid problem involves a combinatorial search, and cannot be trivially obtained even if one can solve optimally the separate problems of selection and extraction. Our approach that gives optimal and approximate solutions uses a “best first” heuristic search. The algorithm comes with both an a priori and an a posteriori optimality guarantee similar to those that can be obtained for the classical weighted A* algorithm. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Bézier Simplex Fitting: Describing Pareto Fronts of´ Simplicial Problems with Small Samples in Multi-Objective Optimization
Authors: Kobayashi Ken , Hamada Naoki , Sannai Akiyoshi , Tanaka Akinori , Bannai Kenichi , Sugiyama Masashi
Published: September 2019

Multi-objective optimization problems require simultaneously optimizing two or more objective functions. Many studies have reported that the solution set of an M-objective optimization problem often forms an (M − 1)-dimensional topological simplex (a curved line for M = 2, a curved triangle for M = 3, a curved tetrahedron for M = 4, etc.). Since the dimensionality of the solution set increases as the number of objectives grows, an exponentially large sample size is needed to cover the solution set. To reduce the required sample size, this paper proposes a Bézier simplex model and its fitting algorithm. These techniques can exploit the simplex structure of the solution set and decompose a high-dimensional surface fitting task into a sequence of low-dimensional ones. An approximation theorem of Bézier simplices is proven. Numerical experiments with synthetic and real-world optimization problems demonstrate that the proposed method achieves an accurate approximation of high-dimensional solution sets with small samples. In practice, such an approximation will be conducted in the postoptimization process and enable a better trade-off analysis.
Fine-Grained Search Space Classification for Hard Enumeration Variants of Subset Problems
Authors: Lauri Juho , Dutta Sourav
Published: September 2019

We propose a simple, powerful, and flexible machine learning framework for (i) reducing the search space of computationally difficult enumeration variants of subset problems and (ii) augmenting existing state-of-the-art solvers with informative cues arising from the input distribution. We instantiate our framework for the problem of listing all maximum cliques in a graph, a central problem in network analysis, data mining, and computational biology. We demonstrate the practicality of our approach on real-world networks with millions of vertices and edges by not only retaining all optimal solutions, but also aggressively pruning the input instance size resulting in several fold speedups of state-of-the-art algorithms. Finally, we explore the limits of scalability and robustness of our proposed framework, suggesting that supervised learning is viable for tackling NP-hard problems in practice.
Stepping Stones to Inductive Synthesis of Low-Level Looping Programs
Authors: Rosin Christopher D.
Published: September 2019

Inductive program synthesis, from input/output examples, can provide an opportunity to automatically create programs from scratch without presupposing the algorithmic form of the solution. For induction of general programs with loops (as opposed to loop-free programs, or synthesis for domain-specific languages), the state of the art is at the level of introductory programming assignments. Most problems that require algorithmic subtlety, such as fast sorting, have remained out of reach without the benefit of significant problem-specific background knowledge. A key challenge is to identify cues that are available to guide search towards correct looping programs. We present MAKESPEARE, a simple delayed-acceptance hillclimbing method that synthesizes low-level looping programs from input/output examples. During search, delayed acceptance bypasses small gains to identify significantly-improved stepping stone programs that tend to generalize and enable further progress. The method performs well on a set of established benchmarks, and succeeds on the previously unsolved “Collatz Numbers” program synthesis problem. Additional benchmarks include the problem of rapidly sorting integer arrays, in which we observe the emergence of comb sort (a Shell sort variant that is empirically fast). MAKESPEARE has also synthesized a record-setting program on one of the puzzles from the TIS100 assembly language programming game.
Enriching Non-Parametric Bidirectional Search Algorithms
Authors: Shperberg Shahaf S. , Felner Ariel , Sturtevant Nathan R. , Shimony Solomon E. , Hayoun Avi
Published: September 2019

NBS is a non-parametric bidirectional search algorithm proven to expand at most twice the number of node expansions required to verify the optimality of a solution. We introduce new variants of NBS that are aimed at finding all optimal solutions. We then introduce an algorithmic framework that includes NBS as a special case. Finally, we introduce DVCBS, a new algorithm in this framework that aims to further reduce the number of expansions. Unlike NBS, DVCBS does not have any worst-case bound guarantees, but in practice it outperforms NBS in verifying the optimality of solutions.
RILEM TC 247-DTA round robin test: mix design and reproducibility of compressive strength of alkali-activated concretes
Authors: Provis John L. , Arbi Kamel , Bernal Susan A. , Bondar Dali , Buchwald Anja , Castel Arnaud , Chithiraputhiran Sundararaman , Cyr Martin , Dehghan Alireza , Dombrowski-Daube Katja , Dubey Ashish , Ducman Vilma , Gluth Gregor J. G. , Nanukuttan Sreejith , Peterson Karl , Puertas Francisca , van Riessen Arie , Torres-Carrasco Manuel , Ye Guang , Zuo Yibing
Published: September 2019

The aim of RILEM TC 247-DTA ‘Durability Testing of Alkali-Activated Materials’ is to identify and validate methodologies for testing the durability of alkali-activated concretes. To underpin the durability testing work of this committee, five alkali-activated concrete mixes were developed based on blast furnace slag, fly ash, and flash-calcined metakaolin. The concretes were designed with different intended performance levels, aiming to assess the capability of test methods to discriminate between concretes on this basis. A total of fifteen laboratories worldwide participated in this round robin test programme, where all concretes were produced with the same mix designs, from single-source aluminosilicate precursors and locally available aggregates. This paper reports the mix designs tested, and the compressive strength results obtained, including critical insight into reasons for the observed variability in strength within and between laboratories.
Simulation of a 6300 year intergalactic journey v2
Authors: Sommer Thorsten
Published: September 2019

This protocol describes a possible implementation of a simulation of a 6300 year journey from Earth to Proxima Centauri b. It is based on the description of Frédéric Marin and Camille Beluffi in their paper from 2018. The assumption is that this is an agent-based simulation in which the agents consist of female and male crew members.
AN ANNOTATED TRANSLATION FROM INDONESIAN TO CHINESE: “TOKOH TIONGHOA & IDENTITAS INDONESIA: DARI TJOE BOU SAN SAMPAI YAP THIAM HEIN (2010)” WRITTEN BY LEO SURYADINATA
Authors: Lu Xuanyi
Published: September 2019

This research is an annotated translation study. The author conducted an Indonesian-Chinese translation of two chapters of the biography named Tokoh Tionghoa & Identitas Indonesia: Dari Tjoe Bou San Sampai Yap Thiam Hien and gave annotations to important and necessary parts. The specific purposes of this research can be described as follows: (1) find the appropriate method to translate this source text; (2) find out proper translation techniques and provide reasons for choosing equivalence. In translating this biography, the author uses communicative translation (Newmark, 1988) and considers the dynamic equivalence theory of Nida and Taber (1982) as the main principle. Annotations are divided into six groups, namely: culturally charged words, phrases that are translated into Chinese idioms, proper nouns, metaphors, footprints, and sentences. To translate a text successfully, translators need not only a good mastery of languages but also board knowledge.
Summary of the BA18 Ground‐Motion Model for Fourier Amplitude Spectra for Crustal Earthquakes in California
Authors: Bayless Jeff , Abrahamson Norman A.
Published: September 2019

We present a summary of the Bayless and Abrahamson (2018b) empirical ground‐motion model (GMM) for shallow crustal earthquakes in California based on the Next Generation Attenuation‐West2 database (Ancheta et al., 2014). This model is denoted as BA18. Rather than the traditional response spectrum GMM, BA18 is developed for the smoothed effective amplitude spectrum (EAS), as defined by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (Goulet et al., 2018). The EAS is the orientation‐independent horizontal‐component Fourier amplitude spectrum of ground acceleration. The model is developed using a database dominated by California earthquakes but takes advantage of crustal earthquake data worldwide to constrain the magnitude scaling and geometric spreading. The near‐fault saturation is guided by finite‐fault numerical simulations, and nonlinear site amplification is incorporated using a modified version of Hashash et al. (2018). The model is applicable for rupture distances of 0–300 km, M 3.0–8.0, and over the frequency range 0.1–100 Hz. The model is considered applicable for VS30 in the range 180–1500  m/s, although it is not well constrained for VS30 values >1000  m/s. Models for the median and the aleatory variability of the EAS are developed. Regional models for Japan and Taiwan will be developed in a future update of the model. A MATLAB program that implements the EAS GMM is provided in the Ⓔ supplemental content to this article.
On the Portability of ML–Mc as a Depth Discriminant for Small Seismic Events Recorded at Local Distances
Authors: Holt Monique M. , Koper Keith D. , Yeck William , D’Amico Sebastiano , Li Zongshan , Hale J. Mark , Burlacu Relu
Published: September 2019

We show that ML–Mc is a viable and regionally portable depth discriminant, and therefore may contribute to nuclear test ban treaty verification. A recent study found that the difference between local magnitude (ML) and coda duration magnitude (Mc) discriminates shallow seismic events (mining blasts, mining‐induced earthquakes, and shallow tectonic earthquakes) from deeper tectonic earthquakes in the Utah region. The shallow seismic events had anomalously high Mc values, with increasingly negative ML–Mc values as depth decreased. Here, we evaluate the performance of ML–Mc as a depth discriminant in three new regions and find that ML–Mc increases between 0 and 9 km depth in all cases. Initially, we investigated ML–Mc as a function of depth for naturally occurring earthquakes in the region around Yellowstone National Park, as recorded by the University of Utah Seismograph Stations. For 3358 Yellowstone earthquakes with well‐constrained depths, we found ML–Mc increased 0.030±0.007 magnitude units (m.u.) for each 1 km increase in depth up to 10 km depth. Next, we examined ML–Mc values for anthropogenic seismicity in northern Oklahoma and southern Kansas, as recorded by the National Earthquake Information Center. For 1628 events with well‐constrained depths, we computed a slope for ML–Mc of 0.022±0.010  m.u./km. Finally, we analyzed ML–Mc for 28,722 well‐located earthquakes in Italy, as recorded by the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology, and found an ML–Mc slope of 0.018±0.001  m.u./km. In each case, the quoted error bounds represent 95% confidence regions that exclude zero, implying that the depth dependence of ML–Mc is statistically significant. We performed several robustness tests in which we varied the criterion used to define a well‐constrained depth and the depth range used in the linear fit. In nearly all cases, we found a positive slope for ML–Mc versus depth at a confidence level above 95%.
A study to assess the prevalence of hypertension in children with nephrotic syndrome
Authors: M. Manasa , Prabhu Anitha S. , Pai Santosh , H. Kiran Raj
Published: September 2019

Background: Hypertension is been one of the most common co morbidity of this disease. It was mostly attributed to sodium retention, which is a major clinical feature of nephrotic syndrome. These mechanisms likely have a role in the development of hypertension in nephrotic syndrome, where hypertension may be difficult to control, and provide new therapeutic options for the management of blood pressure in the setting of nephrotic syndrome. Objective of study the prevalence of hypertension in children with NS and also the number of antihypertensive required to control it.Method: A Retrospective study of the hospital records of 100 children diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome admitted to Pediatric and Nephrology Ward at YMCH was accessed.Results: In our study 35 (35%) of them were Infrequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (IFNS) and 35(35%) were  Frequent relapse nephrotic syndrome (FRNS) ,while 30 cases (30%) were First episode nephrotic syndrome (FENS). 65 cases were steroid sensitive, while 28 and 7 of them were steroid dependent and resistant respectively. Of the 100 study population 54 of them had hypertension while 46 of them did not develop it .Of the 54 hypertensive nephrotic syndrome children, 15 of them (28.%) required three anti hypertensives to control the pressure, while 19 (35%) and 20 (37%) required single and dual anti hypertensives respectively.Conclusion: Prevalence of hypertension is increasing among the children with nephrotic syndrome. Its more prevalent among the male then female FRNS, SRNS and SDNS are more prone to develop hypertension and also they needed two or more antihypertensives to control the hypertension, whereas hypertension in SSNS could be managed with single drug.
A study on clinical profile of meconium aspiration syndrome in relation to gestational age and birth weight and their immediate outcome
Authors: V. Manivannan , R. Jegan Murugan , S. Devandiran R.
Published: September 2019

Background: Aim of the study was to understand the factors causing meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in relation to gestational age and birth weight and their immediate outcome.Methods: This study was done on babies admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Thanjavur medical college hospital, who fulfilled the criteria of MAS. Babies born with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), were resuscitated as per NRP guidelines. The babies with complications of MAS were admitted to NICU and were observed for their immediate outcome in the hospital.Results: MAS occurred most commonly in babies having fetal distress and in mothers with history of PIH. It is seen more commonly in babies born through caesarean section and in term babies with mean gestational age of 38-40 weeks of gestation and mean birth weight of 2.71 kg. Most babies were depressed at birth and most common cause of mortality was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE stage III), significantly contributing 37.5% of cases of MAS. There was significant and strong association between the birth weight and mortality. Thick MSAF was significantly associated with need for mechanical ventilation and subsequently higher mortality. Babies born through caesarean section with MAS also had significantly poor outcome.Conclusions: MAS is an entity which is commonly seen in term and post term babies with birth weight >2.5 kg. There is a significant correlation between the birth weight and outcome in MAS. When thick meconium stained liquor is noted prior to birth, anticipation is necessary and non vigorous babies need aggressive management and possibly early ventilation. Asphyxiated babies should be followed up astutely. Continuous monitoring and early intervention, followed by due resuscitation as per guidelines can reduce the morbidity, complications and the mortality in MAS.
Resurgence of leprosy in post elimination era
Authors: Khatu Swapna Subhash , Palaskar Nachiket Madhukarrao , Balpande Garima Laxminarayan , Chaudhari Nitin Dinkar
Published: September 2019

Background: Leprosy is a slowly progressive mildly infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae primarily affecting skin and peripheral nerves. After introduction of multidrug therapy in the country recorded leprosy case load has come down. In December 2005, India announced elimination of leprosy as public health problem at national level under the NLEP but new cases are still being registered.

Methods: It was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted on over 109 leprosy patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Narhe, Pune during the period from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. The statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version (16.0) was used to analyze the data (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). Statistical significance was declared at p<0.05 or mentioned otherwise.

Results: Out of 109 patients, 57 were new and 52 were old. Maximum patients belong to age group 40-49 years, 25 patients had type 1 reaction and 18 had type 2 reaction. Out of which 83 were on treatment and 12 are defaulter, 9 were in relapse, 6 patients released from treatment.

Conclusions: In post elimination era of leprosy still new cases have been registered and hence the burden and morbidity of the disease is still high in the community. It strongly suggests that by early detection, increasing the duration of treatment and by increasing the community awareness, utilizing information, education and communication at all levels, we can hope to reduce the burden of disease in the community and to achieve the dream of leprosy free India.

 
Epifisiolistesis femoral proximal
Authors: Migoya Nuño Alfonso , Delgado Pérez José Antonio , Isunza Alonso Óscar Daniel , Unda Haro José Pablo
Published: September 2019

La epifisiolistesis femoral proximal es el desplazamiento de la epífisis sobre la metáfisis femoral proximal en la zona hipertrófica de la fisis o cartílago de crecimiento.1-4 Es la alteración de la cadera más común en los adolescentes, con incidencia global estimada en 1 de cada 1000 a 1 de cada 10,000 pacientes;5,6 el principal factor de riesgo es la obesidad,7 que aumenta en 1-650 casos para obesidad y 1-450 para obesidad severa.8 El 60% de los pacientes afectados se encuentra por arriba del percentil 90 para el género y la edad; sin embargo, la enfermedad es más frecuente en hombres que en mujeres (1.5:1) y el lado izquierdo suele ser el más afectado. La edad media para los hombres es de 13.5 años (cuando no han alcanzado el estadio IV de Tanner) y para las mujeres de 12 años, sin menarquia. Esta alteración es excepcional en pacientes menores de 10 y mayores de 16 años.6 Otros factores de riesgo incluyen: hipotiroidismo, deficiencia de la hormona de crecimiento, antecedente de radiación y trastornos genéticos (trisomía 21).9-12
El servicio de sanidad militar en el proceso de modernización, burocratización y profesionalización del ejército argentino (1888-1938)
Authors: Soprano Germán
Published: September 2019

Hacia fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX se inició la modernización, burocratización y profesionalización del Ejército Argentino. Como resultado de ese proceso se conformaron las divisiones del Ejército, esto es, organizaciones militares autónomas entre sí, compuestas por unidades de diferentes armas, elementos de apoyo de combate y de servicios. Entre estos últimos estaba el de sanidad militar, que actuaba en las unidades operativas de los distritos militares para el reconocimiento de los ciudadanos para el Servicio Militar Obligatorio y en los hospitales militares. Este artículo tiene por objetivos: 1) caracterizar ese proceso en sus relaciones con las concepciones de la defensa, organización, funciones y despliegue territorial del Ejército; 2) analizar, en ese marco, la conformación del servicio de sanidad militar entre 1888, con la sanción de la Ley Orgánica del Cuerpo de Sanidad del Ejército y la Armada, y 1938, con los cambios en el diseño orgánico del Ejército en vísperas de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.
The “exposome” concept – how environmental risk factors influence cardiovascular health
Authors: Daiber Andreas , Lelieveld Jos , Steven Sebastian , Oelze Matthias , Kröller-Schön Swenja , Sørensen Mette , Münzel Thomas
Published: September 2019

There is general consensus that environmental pollution and non-chemical stressors contribute to the incidence and prevalence of chronic noncommunicable disease (e.g. cardiovascular, metabolic and mental). Clinical and epidemiological studies support that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and significantly contribute to overall mortality. In this respect, the “exposome” provides a comprehensive description of lifelong exposure history. A recent publication using an updated global exposure-mortality model found that the global all-cause mortality rate attributable to ambient air pollution by PM2.5 and O3 was 8.79 (95% CI 7.11–10.41) million in 2015 – much higher than previously calculated. For Europe this corresponds to 790,000 premature deaths due to ambient air pollution. Various large scale studies and expert commissions have identified air pollution as the leading health risk factor in the physical environment, followed by water and soil pollution with heavy metals, pesticides, other chemicals and occupational exposures, however neglecting the non-chemical environmental health risk factors: mental stress, light exposure, climatic changes and traffic noise. Especially for traffic noise-related health effects there are numerous clinical and epidemiological studies reporting significant impact on cardiovascular disease. We here provide an in-depth review on the health effects of the external exposome, with emphasis on air pollution and traffic noise and to a lesser degree mental stress and other environmental pollutants. In addition, we summarize our previously published experimental research investigating effects of aircraft noise exposure in mice and provide mechanistic insights on how noise contributes to noncommunicable disease.
EFFECTS OF PROMOTING LIBRARY EDUCATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Wu Haishang
Published: September 2019

Purpose: The aim of this research is to investigate critical factors of Library Education in developing countries.

Methodology: The research applies qualitative SWOT method and benchmarking in factors analysis.

Main results: Library education plays a critical role in developing countries.  SWOT analysis reveals the areas need an enhancement to promote library to the mainstream education in developing countries. Library education can become in parallel with school education in developing countries, and the facilities shall be flexible. 

Applications: This research reveals the importance of library education and can be reference information for UNESCO or non-profit organizations to support educations in developing countries. 

Originality: This research envisions education in the context of library education in the key factors’ evaluation of different groups of background, and proposes the concept of virtualization in library construction.
SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND MOTIVATION
Authors: Maison  , Darmaji  , Astalini  , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Indrawati Peni Sefiah
Published: September 2019

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this research is to know the science process skill and motivation of the basic science process from Physics education student.

Methodology: The research design used in this study is the Associative Quantitative research method with a correlational research design. In the research using technique sampling used is Purposive Sampling. The instruments of data collection used are questionnaires motivation and observation sheet Sains Process Skills. Measurement of students' science process skill is done when students perform Basic Physics I practice on density topic. The criteria that researchers set were physics education students who had contracted basic physics courses.

Main Findings: The result of the research stated that the basic science process skill of physics education student as a whole is not good because of lack of experience in doing a practicum and their understanding of lab topics.

Applications of this study: When someone is highly motivated, they will not experience difficulties in mastering their science process skills and so if someone has low motivation, they will experience difficulties in their process skills.

Novelty/Originality of this study: The renewal that is seen is whether there is motivation in the science process skills. There is motivation in student learning processes, one of the results is process skills. Process skills are the result of learning from these students. Because science process skills emphasize the learning process, accreditation, creativity, values ​​and also the attitude of a student who will later be applied in daily life. Therefore we can say that science process skills have a relationship with the motivation of a student.
Raw Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) Fruit Juice as Possible First-Aid Antidote in Drug-Induced Toxicity
Authors: Olaniyan Mathew F. , Ale Samuel A. , Uwaifo Ferdinand ,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Edo University, Iyamho, Nigeria.,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Achievers University, Owo, Nigeria.,   Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Edo University, Iyamho, Nigeria.
Published: September 2019

Raw cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit juice contains substances that have health-benefit potentials. Fibrinogen is produced in the liver cells. Highest concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are found in the liver, heart, and skeletal muscle, and alanine transaminase (ALT) is a liver enzyme. Overdose of amoxicillin, an antibiotic, can lead to hemolysis, hepatotoxicity, and inflammation. This study was therefore designed to determine the use of raw cucumber (C. sativus) fruit juice as a possible first-aid antidote in druginduced toxicity. Fifteen rabbits of the same gender weighing 0.9-1.4 kg were used for the study. They were divided into three groups of five rabbits each as follows: Group A—five control rabbits; Group B—five rabbits, given 30.0 mg/kgBW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h for seven days and was followed by 30 mL raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days; Group C—five rabbits, given 30.0 mg/kgBW subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin every 24 h and raw cucumber fruit juice supplementation for 14 days simultaneously. Plasma LDH, ALT, and fibrinogen were determined in the rabbits by spectrophotometry. There was a significant increase in plasma ALT and LDH and a significant decrease in fibrinogen following amoxicillin overdose compared with the results obtained from the basal samples and the control rabbits. These abnormalities were reversed when raw cucumber fruit juice was administered to the experimental rabbits initially overdosed with amoxicillin (ρ < 0.05). There was a significant increase in the plasma value of LDH in the rabbits when they were supplemented with raw cucumber fruit juice following amoxicillin overdose and when the rabbits were coadministered with raw cucumber fruit juice and amoxicillin overdose compared with their basal samples (ρ < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the plasma value of ALT and fibrinogen when the rabbits were coadministered with raw cucumber fruit juice (ρ > 0.05). This study showed an increase in plasma ALT and LDH, and a decrease in fibrinogen following the administration of subcutaneous injection of amoxicillin; however, these abnormalities were reversed when the rabbits were administered 30 mL of raw cucumber fruit juice. Raw cucumber fruit juice could be applied as first-aid antidote in drug induced toxicity.
Strategic Spatial Planning in Lebanon: An International “Recipe”. The Case of The Union of Municipalities
Authors: Darwich Rozana
Published: September 2019

In 1977 the municipal law authorised the creation of unions of municipalities in Lebanon. However, only recently have they actually begun to emerge; 13 unions existed in 1990 while 57 were created by 2017. Over the last decade these unions have assumed an important role within the local dynamics, particularly in the field of strategic planning. This article aims to analyse that shift by answering the following questions: first, what is the positioning of the unions, as institutional planning actors, on the planning chessboard? Second, how was strategic planning transferred to the unions of municipalities? And finally, what was the echo of this transfer on other national or local actors?
Level of Social Participation in the Creation of Urban Regeneration Programmes – The Case Study of Small Towns in Poland
Authors: Czupich Mariusz
Published: September 2019

Social participation enables citizens to take part in the decision-making process. It is an increasingly popular instrument in Poland. The effectiveness of participation is the most important issue in this context. In accordance with the Act of 9 October 2015, urban regeneration mainly applies to mitigating negative social phenomena. The social aspect is also important at the stage of establishing urban regeneration programmes. Extensive social participation in the process of creat­ing these programmes is one of the main requirements. The aim of the article is to present the scale of the involvement of local communities in the procedure of creating regeneration programmes in selected small towns in Poland. Conclusions from the analysis include an assessment of participation success rate in regeneration activities.
Serebral palsili hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri
Authors: ERDEM SULTANOĞLU Tuba , ÜNLÜ AKYÜZ Ece , ÇEVİKOL Alev , SULTANOĞLU Hasan
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı serebral palsi (SP) polikliniğinde SP tanısı ile
takip ve tedavisi yapılan hastalarımızın demografik ve klinik özelliklerini
belirlemektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Düzenli takibi olan 577 hastanın bilgileri geriye dönük incelendi.
Hastaların yaşı, cinsiyeti, etiyolojik faktörleri, problemlerin fark edildiği
yaş, SP tipi, kaba motor fonksiyon klasifikasyon sistemiyle (KMFKS)
değerlendirmesi, eşlik eden ikincil problemleri, muayene bulguları,
rehabilitasyon merkezinde düzenli tedavi hizmeti alımı, ortez ve yardımcı
cihazları, medikal tedavileri, uygulanan konservatif ve cerrahi tedavi
yaklaşımları kaydedildi.Bulgular: Hastalarımızın %41,9’u kız, %58,1’i erkek, yaş ortalaması 6,57 (±3,17)
yıl idi. Tanı alma yaşı 0-6 ayda %31,4; 6-12 ayda %36,7; 1-2 yaşta %21,9 ve iki
yaşından sonra %10,1 idi. Olguların %23,2’sinde spastik unilateral tip,
%72,4’ünde spastik bilateral tip, %1,2’sinde diskinetik tip, %0,2’sinde
hipotonik tip ve %2,9’unda mikst tip tutulum mevcuttu. Etiyolojik faktörler
açısından %5 prenatal, %10,6 perinatal, %6,8 postnatal faktörler etkendi.
Hastalarımızın %64’ünde birden çok risk faktörü mevcutken, %13,7’sinde risk
faktörü saptanmamıştır. Rehabilitasyon merkezine devam süresi 3,05(±2,8) yıldı.
Hastaların %51'inde eşlik eden problem mevcutken %49’unda eşlik eden problem yoktu.
Hastalarımızın %9,6’sında antispastik tedavi, %22,6‘sında antikonvülzan tedavi,
%3,1’inde antispastik ve antikonvülzan tedavi, %8,4’ünde bunların dışında
medikal tedavi mevcutken, %56,3’ünde herhangi bir medikal tedavisi yoktu.
Hastaların ilk başvuruda %33,1’i ortez, %23,3'ü yardımcı cihaz kullanmaktaydı.
KMFKS’ye göre hastaların %18,5’i evre 1, %25,5’i evre 2, %18,4’ü evre 3,
%22,7’si evre 4 ve %14,9’u evre 5 idi. En sık ekin yürüyüşü saptandı.
Hastalarımızın %42,3’üne botulinum toksin enjeksiyonu, %0,7’sine selektif
dorsal rizotomi, %21’ine ortopedik cerrahi uygulanmıştı.

Sonuç: Serebral palsinin epidemiyolojik karakterinin bilinmesi, hastaların
düzenli takibi ve tedavisi çocuğun bağımlılığını en aza indirip topluma
uyumunun artmasını sağlayabilir.
Subakut tiroidit tanılı hastaların demografik özellikleri ve laboratuvar verilerinin analizi: tek merkez deneyimi
Authors: ERGÜN Yakup , TUZCU Alpaslan Kemal
Published: September 2019

Amaç: Tiroid bezinin inflamatuvar bir hastalığı
olan subakut tiroidit tirotoksikozların nadir bir nedenidir. Çalışmamızda endokrinoloji
polikliniğimize başvurup subakut tiroidit tanısı alan hastaları retrospektif
olarak inceleyip bu hastalarda tanı koymada yeni ipuçlarını araştırmayı amaçladık.Gereç ve Yöntem: 2010–2014 yılları
arasında polikliniğimize başvurup subakut tiroidit tanısı alan 50 hasta ile
tiroid bezi ile ilgili herhangi bir patolojisi olmayan, kontrol amaçlı
polikliniğe başvuran 50 sağlıklı kişi olmak üzere toplam 100 kişi çalışmaya
dahil edildi.  Hasta verileri
retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Subakut tiroiditli hastaların yaş
ortalaması 39.9±12.2 yıl olup %72’si (n:36) kadındı. Hastaların %42’si
sonbahar, %26’sı ilkbahar, %20’si yaz ve %12’si kış mevsiminde tanı almışlardı.
Sedimantasyon hızı ve CRP hasta grubunda anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu
(sırasıyla; 53.7±14.22 mm/saat, 7.07±5.64 mg/dl, p<0.01). Lökosit sayısı,
nötrofil sayısı, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı ve T4/T3 oranı hasta grupta anlamlı
olarak yüksek bulunurken lenfosit sayısı arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı.
Ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV) kontrol grubuna kıyasla hasta grupta anlamlı
olarak düşük saptandı (p<0.01). Tiroid otoantikorları açısından yapılan
değerlendirmede anti tiroglobulin (Anti Tg) pozitifliği hasta grupta anlamlı
olarak yüksek bulundu (sırasıyla; %46.5 ve %12). Anti tiroid peroksidaz (Anti TPO)
pozitifliği açısından anlamlı fark bulunmadı.

Sonuç: Subakut tiroidit tanılı hastalarda Anti Tg
düzeylerinin yüksek olabileceği gözlenmiş olup, Anti Tg pozitif hastalarda
subakut tiroidit tanısı dışlanmamalıdır. Subakut tiroiditli hastalarda T4/T3
oranı ve nötrofil/lenfosit oranının artmış olduğunu, MPV düzeyinin ise düşük
olduğunu saptadık. Bu parametrelerin subakut tiroidit ile diğer
tirotoksikoz/hipertiroidi nedenleri arasında ayırıcı tanıda kullanılması için
başka çalışmalarla desteklenmesi gerekmektedir.
Akkiz hemofilide intramuskuler enjeksiyona bağlı hematom
Authors: ERBİL Efser , BOLAMAN Ali Zahit , YAVAŞOĞLU İrfan
Published: September 2019

Akkiz hemofili, faktör 8’e karşı otoantikor
gelişmesi sonucu oluşan oldukça nadir görülen bir koagulasyon bozukluğudur.
Toplumda görülme sıklığı 1-4/1.000.000 olup sıklıkla ileri yaşlarda ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Hastalık 16 yaş altındaki çocuklarda 0.0045/milyon; 85 yaş üzerinde
14.7/milyon/yıl sıklığında görülür. Genellikle otoimmun, romatizmal veya malign
hastalıklar, gebelik ve ilaçlar ile ilişkili oluşur. Hastaların yaklaşık yarısında
etiyolojik faktör tespit edilemez. Başlıca belirtisi kas içine oluşan spontan kanamaların
varlığıdır. Burada akkiz hemofili hastasında gelişen bir hematom olgusu sunulmaktadır.
Uso das novas tecnologias para a produção textual do gênero fotopoema em inglês
Authors: Dutra Alessandra , Santos Givan José Ferreira dos , Da Silva Luciana Idalgo
Published: September 2019

Este estudo apresenta e discute resultados da aplicação de um produto educacional, elaborado em um Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e da Natureza, no que se refere à produção textual em Inglês, a partir do gênero fotopoema, com o uso da rede social Facebook. A investigação caracteriza-se, basicamente, como pesquisa de campo, descritiva, bibliográfica e analítica. Como resultados, foi possível desenvolver em uma turma de alunos do 1º ano do Ensino Médio a habilidade de Writing por meio do gênero fotopoema e divulgar os trabalhos em uma página da rede social Facebook e os alunos se sentiram mais motivados a realizar atividades de Writing na aula de Língua Inglesa.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE O MAPEAMENTO GEOMORFOLÓGICO DO TERRITÓRIO BRASILEIRO: ALGUMAS ABORDAGENS NA REPRESENTAÇÃO REGIONAL
Authors: Pelech André Souza , Nunes Bernardo Thadeu de Almeida , Gatto Luiz Carlos Soares , Botelho Rosangela Garrido Machado
Published: September 2019

Dentro da literatura geomorfológica tem se verificado a existência de diversas metodologias para mapeamento do relevo, o que muitas vezes pode dificultar a comparação entre aqueles realizados por autores distintos. O presente estudo, baseou-se em alguns mapeamentos geomorfológicos, produzidos por instituições governamentais, para discutir as principais metodologias utilizadas nas últimas décadas. Foi possível identificar duas vertentes metodológicas principais, que se fundamentam nos conceitos de ‘unidades de relevo’ e ‘tipologia de relevo’. A primeira apresenta uma estrutura taxonômica ordenada hierarquicamente, e enfatiza as características particulares dos conjuntos homogêneos das feições de relevo, frequentemente designando nomes próprios a estes conjuntos. A segunda caracteriza-se pela adoção de classes genéricas de relevo, que tenham maior representatividade nas áreas mapeadas, para a classificação geomorfológica do território. A utilização de uma metodologia, em detrimento de outra, depende exclusivamente dos objetivos de cada mapeamento, pois ambas mostram vantagens e desvantagens. Dificuldades de comparação entre mapeamentos também são oriundas da utilização indiscriminada de diversos termos e conceitos geomorfológicos, no que se refere aos nomes, e suas respectivas definições, atribuídos a determinadas feições geomorfológicas. Por fim, constatou-se que é possível realizar uma integração de diferentes abordagens metodológicas e também diminuir as dificuldades de interpretação. Para isto, é necessário um esforço de adaptação e revisão de estruturas metodológicas existentes, além de uma maior dedicação ao cumprimento das regras definidas nas próprias metodologias.
Yeast diversity on grapes from Galicia, NW Spain: biogeographical patterns and the influence of the farming system
Authors: Castrillo Cachón David , Rabuñal Crego Eva , Neira González Noemi , Blanco Camba Pilar
Published: September 2019

Aim: Organic viticulture has increased in recent decades, worldwide. Farming system influences grapes’ yeast populations and, therefore, fermentation dynamics and wine quality. This work aims to study yeast diversity on grapes and musts from organic and conventional production in different areas within Galicia (NW Spain) and to evaluate the existence of yeast geographic patterns (microbial terroir) in this region.Methods and results: During the 2015 vintage, 42 grape samples were collected from four Denominations of Origin (DOs) in Galicia. Representative cultivable yeasts from grapes and must samples were isolated and characterised at the species level in the Estación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia (EVEGA-AGACAL). Results were compared among DOs and between organic and conventional production. A total of 33 yeast species were identified. Organic production showed27.3% higher species richness than conventional production. Accordingly, diversity indexes (H′ and E) were higher under organic cultures compared to conventional production. The highest yeast diversity was found in Rías Baixas and Ribeira Sacra DOs. The predominant yeasts were Aureobasidium spp., Metschnikowia spp., Hanseniaspora uvarum and Cryptococcus spp., although their proportion varied depending on the farming system and location. Furthermore, important differences were observed in minor species, which appeared mainly in organic cultivation. In addition, a biogeographic pattern was found: Issatchenkia terricola and Starmerella bacillaris were isolated in Rías Baixas and Ribeira Sacra DOs, whereas Lachancea thermotolerans was ligated to Monterrei and Ribeiro DOs. ANOSIM, PERMANOVA and PCA analysis confirmed this differentiation.Conclusions: The results indicated that an organic farming system favoured yeast diversity on grapes and musts. Moreover, species distribution made it possible to establish a biogeographic pattern in the yeast population that could be associated to a particular microbial terroir and wine typicality.Significance and impact of the study: This study reports for the first time a survey on yeast diversity on grapes and musts from organic and conventional production in different areas within Galicia. The results highlighted the role of organic culture as a tool to preserve yeast richness and the existence of biogeographic patterns of yeast communities in vineyards in NW Spain, which could contribute to wine typicality of specific areas.