bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] Course Ideological and Political Teaching Platform Based on the Fusion of Multiple Data and Information in an Intelligent Environment
Authors: Zhou Jieqiong , Wei Zhenhua , Jia Fengzhen , Li Wei
Published: August 2021

In the current teaching of politics, teachers still focus on the cultivation of the basic intelligence of students’ language intelligence, and it is easy to ignore the cultivation of other intelligences that affect the overall development of students. This research mainly discusses the design of curriculum ideological and political teaching platform based on the fusion of multiple data and information in an intelligent environment. This research adopts the MVC architecture, and the web application developed based on the MVC (Model View Controller) architecture pattern is easier to complete the realization of multiple controllers. The front desk ideological and political teaching teacher module includes the login system. In addition, the teacher can view the test status of a specific student and can also pay attention to the total intelligence of all students who have been tested. The process of the student test is to enter the correct account and password to log in to the system and then perform the test. After the test, the test result can be viewed, and the personal information can be maintained at the same time. In addition, the personal login password can be modified. The existence of the database is to ensure that the data is correct and effective. This system uses MySql to design the database, and the name of the database is braintest_db. The data table in relational database is the main object of storing and managing data, and it is also an important task of database design. This system has designed three kinds of user logins, namely, administrator, student, and teacher, and login can be realized according to the account number and password. Among them, teacher’s participation is by inquiring about students’ test situation, paying attention to students’ multiple intelligences, and teaching students in accordance with their aptitude. In addition, the main object of this test is students, and the analysis of multiple intelligences is realized through student tests. Students are vitally physical objects that can be tested and searched for results. In the study, 20% of the students both learn the basic content of the platform and use the forum. This research will help improve students’ literacy in an all‐round way.
Real-Time Optimal Negotiation Mode Selection Based on Three-Way Decision for Decentralized Remote Sensing Satellite Cluster
Authors: Deng Xuelei , Dong Yunfeng , Zhang Chao
Published: August 2021

The mission planning for multisatellite is a complex optimization problem, which is sensitive to time delay caused by communication and decision. Different modes are suitable for different situations. Therefore, we design the workflows of three modes: the independence mode, the MAS mode, and the ground-based mode. And then, a real-time mode selection method based on the three-way decision is proposed to choose the best mode onboard. The experiments proved the effectiveness and advantage of our proposed method.
13-Year-Old Boy Presenting with Bilateral Femur Fractures in the Setting of Severe Vitamin D Deficiency
Authors: Jacob Marianne , Censani Marisa
Published: August 2021

Background. Femur fractures in adolescents are rare. Severe vitamin D deficiency has important implications for bone health. We describe the case of a 13-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who presented with low-impact bilateral femur fractures in the setting of severe vitamin D deficiency. Case Presentation. A 13-year-old boy with ASD presented with bilateral leg pain after an unwitnessed fall. Laboratory investigations revealed severe hypocalcemia (S. calcium 4.9 mg/dL) and severe vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 4 ng/mL). Lower extremity X-rays revealed bilateral distal femoral metaphyseal fractures. Conclusion. This is the youngest known case of bilateral femoral fractures in the setting of severe 25(OH)D deficiency. Children with ASD are especially at risk for 25(OH)D deficiency as many have inadequate nutritional intake. As such, primary care providers may provide a pivotal role in the routine laboratory screening of 25(OH)D in this population.
Sequential Truncation of R-Vine Copula Mixture Model for High-Dimensional Datasets
Authors: Alanazi Fadhah Amer
Published: August 2021

Uncovering hidden mixture dependencies among variables has been investigated in the literature using mixture R-vine copula models. They provide considerable flexibility for modeling multivariate data. As the dimensions increase, the number of the model parameters that need to be estimated is increased dramatically, which comes along with massive computational times and efforts. This situation becomes even much more complex and complicated in the regular vine copula mixture models. Incorporating the truncation method with a mixture of regular vine models will reduce the computation difficulty for the mixture-based models. In this paper, the tree-by-tree estimation mixture model is joined with the truncation method to reduce computational time and the number of parameters that need to be estimated in the mixture vine copula models. A simulation study and real data applications illustrated the performance of the method. In addition, the real data applications show the effect of the mixture components on the truncation level.
Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Limonoid Constituents Isolated from Meliaceae Plants Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla against Plant Pathogenic Fungi In Vitro
Authors: Tan Thanh Nguyen , Trung Hieu Tran , Le Dang Quang , Thi Hien Vu , Vu Hoang Dinh , Ngoc Tuan Nguyen , Thi Do Hoai Thu , Nguyen Thanh Huong , Quang Dang Ngoc , Tran Dinh Thang
Published: August 2021

The plants of Meliaceae are native to tropical and subtropical regions as the Americas, west India, Southeast Asia, and Southern China. Many species of the genera Khaya, Swietenia, Aphanamixis, and Melia in this family are known as medicinal plants and have biological activities such as antiviral, antimicrobial, antifeeding, insecticidal, and cytotoxic properties. The objectives of this research are to characterize and evaluate the bioactive limonoids from several plants of Meliaceae against phytopathogenic fungi. During the search of antifungal compounds from the plants of Meliaceae, the three methanol extracts of Melia dubia, Aphanamixis polystachya, and Swietenia macrophylla were found to suppress the mycelial growth of several phytopathogenic fungi. Nine limonoids isolated from M. dubia (1–2), A. polystachya (3–5), and S. macrophylla (6–9) were evaluated, for the first time, their antifungal effectiveness against nine phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum, Magnaporthe oryzae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria spp., and Botrytis cinerea, and three oomycetes Phytophthora species. Limonoids 2, 3, 6, and 8 displayed a remarkable broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all the test fungi. Sclerotium rolfsii was highly sensitive to the four limonoids with IC50 values ranging from 79.4 to 128.0 µg/mL. Notably, chisocheton compound G (3) isolated from A. polystachya and khayanolide B (8) isolated from S. macrophylla were the most potent antifungal limonoids and exhibited a dose-dependent activity against Phytophthora species. Compounds 2 and 9 displayed moderate activity against M. oryzae. Our study results demonstrated the discovery of antifungal and lead compounds from the group of limonoids for application in the control of fungal plant diseases.
[Retracted] A Method of Offline Reinforcement Learning Virtual Reality Satellite Attitude Control Based on Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Zhang Jian , Wu Fengge
Published: August 2021

Virtual reality satellites give people an immersive experience of exploring space. The intelligent attitude control method using reinforcement learning to achieve multiaxis synchronous control is one of the important tasks of virtual reality satellites. In real‐world systems, methods based on reinforcement learning face safety issues during exploration, unknown actuator delays, and noise in the raw sensor data. To improve the sample efficiency and avoid safety issues during exploration, this paper proposes a new offline reinforcement learning method to make full use of samples. This method learns a policy set with imitation learning and a policy selector using a generative adversarial network (GAN). The performance of the proposed method was verified in a real‐world system (reaction‐wheel‐based inverted pendulum). The results showed that the agent trained with our method reached and maintained a stable goal state in 10,000 steps, whereas the behavior cloning method only remained stable for 500 steps.
Study on Model Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm vs. Filter Back Projection Algorithm for Diagnosis of Acute Cerebral Infarction Using CT Images
Authors: Tang Songlin , Liu Yan , Wang Zhifu , Liu Yajie , Liu Huafei
Published: August 2021

The aim was to explore the application value of computed tomography (CT) perfusion (CTP) imaging based on the iterative model reconstruction (IMR) in the diagnosis of acute cerebral infarction (ACI). 80 patients with ACI, admitted to hospital, were selected as the research objects and divided randomly into a routine treatment group (group A) and a low-dose group (group B) (each group with 40 patients). Patients in group A were scanned at 80 kV–150 mAs, and the traditional filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm was employed to reconstruct the images; besides, 80 kV–30 mAs was adopted to scan the patients in group B, and the images were reconstructed by IMR1, IMR2, IMR3, iDose4 (a kind of hybrid iterative reconstruction technology), and FBP, respectively. The application values of different algorithms were evaluated by CTP based on the collected CTP images of patients and detecting indicators. The results showed that the gray and white matter CT value, SD value, SNR, CNR, and subjective image scores of patients in group B were basically consistent with those of group A (

p

 > 0.05) after the IMR1 reconstruction, and the CT and SD of gray and white matter in patients from group B reduced steeply (

p

 < 0.05), while SNR and CNR increased dramatically after IMR2 and IMR3 reconstruction in contrast to group A (

p

 < 0.05). Furthermore, the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), mean transit time (MTT) of contrast agent, and time to peak (TTP) of contrast agent in patients from group B after iDose4 and IMR reconstruction were basically the same as those of group A (

p

 > 0.05). Therefore, IMR combined with low-dose CTP could obtain high-quality CTP images of the brain with stable perfusion indicators and low radiation dose, which could be clinically applied in the diagnosis of ACI.
Source Routing for Distributed Big Data‐Based Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT)
Authors: Begum Seema , Nianmin Yao , Shah Syed Bilal Hussain , Abdollahi Asrin , Khan Inam Ullah , Nawaf Liqaa
Published: August 2021

Dynamic opportunistic channel access with software‐defined radio at a network layer in distributed cognitive IoT introduces a concurrent channel selection along with end‐to‐end route selection for application data transmission. State‐of‐the‐art cognitive IoT big data‐based routing protocols are not explored in terms of how the spectrum management is being coordinated with the network layer for concurrent channel route selection during end‐to‐end channel route discovery for data transmission of IoT and big data applications. In this paper, a reactive big data‐based “cognitive dynamic source routing protocol” is proposed for cognitive‐based IoT networks to concurrently select the channel route at the network layer from source to destination. Experimental results show that the proposed protocol cognitive DSR with concurrent channel route selection criteria is outperformed. This will happen when it is compared with the existing distributed cognitive DSR with independent channel route application data transmission.
Research on Intelligent Algorithm of Identity Authentication Based on Facial Features
Authors: Yuan Bin , Du Changqing , Wang Zhongyuan , Zhu Rong
Published: August 2021

Identity recognition is a research hotspot in the information age. Nowadays, more and more occasions require identity recognition, especially in smart home. Identity recognition of the head of the household can avoid many troubles, such as home identification and network information authentication. Nowadays, in smart home identification, especially based on face recognition, system authentication is basically through feature matching. Although this method is convenient and quick to use, it lacks intelligence. Nowadays, for the make‐up, facelift, posture, and other differences, the accuracy of the system is greatly reduced. In this paper, the face recognition method is used for identity authentication. Firstly, the AdaBoost learning algorithm is used to construct the face detection and eye detection classifier to realize the detection and localization of the face and eyes. Secondly, the two‐dimensional discrete wavelet transform is used to extract facial features and construct a personal face dynamic feature database. Finally, an improved elastic template matching algorithm is used to establish an intelligent classification method for dynamic face elasticity models. The simulation shows that the proposed method can intelligently adapt to various environments without reducing the accuracy.
Study on the Influence of Tectonic Stress on Stability of Horseshoe‐Shaped Tunnels
Authors: Lv Xin , Wang Shuzhi , Qiu Yu , Liu Xiangxin
Published: August 2021

While the tunnel is in the high tectonic stress environment and surrounding rock of tunnel has the characteristics of soft texture and stronger expansion, the preference of tunnel shape is horseshoe. An elastic‐plastic model is analyzed by complex function theory in accordance with the deformation characteristics of a horseshoe‐shaped tunnel in an engineering site. The numerical model of the tunnel is built by FLAC3D, and the influence of the magnitude and direction of structural stress on the horseshoe‐shaped tunnel is studied in detail. Finally, the security support of the tunnel is discussed. Results show that the stress concentration phenomenon is easily focused on the left, right, and bottom sides of the tunnel; these places should therefore be the focus of attention of tunnel stability analysis. The magnitude and direction of tectonic stress greatly affect the stability of the horseshoe‐shaped tunnel. Similarly, the magnitude of tectonic stress can significantly affect the deformation state of the tunnel. The direction of tectonic stress mainly reflects the orientation of the tunnel. In addition, the orientation of the tunnel should be arranged along the maximum direction of principal stress.
Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Blue Heat-Treated Instruments at Different Temperatures
Authors: Vieira Thalita Miranda , Cardoso Ryhan Menezes , Alves Nayane Chagas Carvalho , Emanuel Acioly Conrado de Menezes Silvio , Batista Shirley Machado , Silva Silmara de Andrade , Velozo Christianne , Albuquerque Diana Santana de , Monteiro Gabriela Queiroz de Melo
Published: August 2021

The main aim is to evaluate the cyclic fatigue resistance of blue heat-treated instruments with different kinematics. Twenty-four endodontic instruments of the same brand were used for each of three experimental groups: VB (Vortex Blue 40/0.04), RB (RECIPROC Blue 40/0.06), and XB (X1 Blue 40/0.06). The instruments were randomly distributed and subjected to temperatures of 20°C and 37°C. The fatigue test was performed using a stainless steel device. Data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk test, Student’s t-test, the F test, and Tukey’s and Tamhane tests at significance level

P
=
0.05

. The instruments’ cyclic fatigue resistance at both temperatures differed significantly for each instrument type (

P
<
0.001

). The RB instruments displayed greater cyclic fatigue resistance at the tested temperatures compared with the VB and XB instruments (

P
<
0.001

). Reciprocating kinematics positively influenced cyclic fatigue resistance. Blue heat-treated instruments showed decreased cyclic fatigue resistance as the temperature increased (

P
<
0.001

).
Digital Community Management Mobile Information System Based on Edge Computing
Authors: Xu Junhua
Published: August 2021

Edge computing refers to an open platform that integrates network, computing, storage, and application core capabilities on the side close to the source of things or data and provides nearest-end services nearby. “Digital Community” refers to the use of various information technologies and methods to integrate community resources and build a network platform for interactive exchanges and services between the government, property service agencies, residents, and various intermediary organizations within the community. In order to reduce the management tasks of community managers, reduce their community management burden, and improve the management efficiency of community managers, this article is based on the description of several keywords such as distributed edge computing, edge computing business usage scenarios, and digital community management. Edge computing technologies such as centralized traffic model and attribute-based trust evaluation avoid waste of network resources, reduce time delay and system energy consumption, and improve system operation efficiency. A digital community management mobile information management system is designed and developed. 102 owners of the community conducted visits and questionnaire surveys. After investigation and research, it was found that this system has good performance, meets the management needs of most communities, and can improve the management efficiency of community managers by 4%–6%; it has also improved community residents’ satisfaction with digital community management by 2-3%.
Numerical Analysis of the Preloading Consolidation of the Soft Foundation with a Plastic Drainage Plate
Authors: Li Linjie , Yang Shuaidong , Su Tong
Published: August 2021

The permeability coefficient and void ratio are related to the stress state of the soil, which manifests as the temporal and spatial variability of consolidation. Based on the modified Cambridge model, this paper quotes the functional relationship between the soil permeability coefficient and void ratio and soil stress obtained by Tylor’s research and then uses finite‐element software ABAQUS and its secondary development platform to establish a plastic drainage plate surcharge preloading numerical model that considers the influence of the void ratio and permeability coefficient with stress changes. The results show that considering the variability of the permeability coefficient in the consolidation process of the soft foundation has a great influence on the change of the consolidation state but has a small effect on the final consolidation state. For soft foundation surcharge preloading reinforcement treatment, if the strength of the soft foundation is low but the surcharge is large, the geometric nonlinearity and material nonlinearity should be considered. Using the theory of large deformation consolidation to calculate the consolidation of soil is closer to the actual situation.
Abnormal Event Detection in Videos Based on Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Ma Qinmin
Published: August 2021

Abnormal event detection has attracted widespread attention due to its importance in video surveillance scenarios. The lack of abnormally labeled samples makes this problem more difficult to solve. A partially supervised learning method only using normal samples to train the detection model for video abnormal event detection and location is proposed. Assuming that the distribution of all normal samples complies to the Gaussian distribution, the abnormal sample will appear with a lower probability in this Gaussian distribution. The method is developed based on the variational autoencoder (VAE), through end-to-end deep learning technology, which constrains the hidden layer representation of the normal sample to a Gaussian distribution. Given the test sample, its hidden layer representation is obtained through the variational autoencoder, which represents the probability of belonging to the Gaussian distribution. It is judged abnormal or not according to the detection threshold. Based on two publicly available datasets, i.e., UCSD dataset and Avenue dataset, the experimental are conducted. The results show that the proposed method achieves 92.3% and 82.1% frame-level AUC at a speed of 571 frames per second on average, which demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our framework compared with other state-of-the-art approaches.
Effect of Robot-Assisted Therapy on Participation of People with Limited Upper Limb Functioning: A Systematic Review with GRADE Recommendations
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda M. R. M. , Chaves Maria Emília A. , Oliveira Vinícius C. , Martins Jordana S. R. , Vimieiro Claysson B. S. , Van Petten Adriana M. V. N.
Published: August 2021

Background. Previous studies have suggested that robot-assisted therapy (RT) is effective in treating impairment and that it may also improve individuals’ participation. Objective. To investigate the effect of RT on the participation of individuals with limited upper limb functioning (PROSPERO: CRD42019133880). Data Sources: PEDro, Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane, AMED, and Compendex. Inclusion Criteria. We selected randomized or quasirandomized controlled studies comparing the effects of RT with minimal or other interventions on participation of individuals with limited upper limb functioning. Data Extraction and Synthesis. Methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the 0-10 PEDro scale, and effect estimates were reported using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and the certainty of the current evidence was assessed using the GRADE. Results. Twelve randomized controlled studies involving 845 participants were included. The estimates of medium effects between RT and minimal intervention (MI) at a short-term follow-up were pooled, but there are no short-term effects between RT and OI. Standardized differences in means were as follows: 0.6 (95% CI 0.1 to 1.2) and 0.2 (95% CI -0.0 to 0.4). There were also no effects of additional RT in the short- or medium-term follow-up periods. Standardized differences in means were as follows: -0.6 (95% CI -1.1 to -0.1) and 0.2 (95% CI -0.3 to 0.8). The methodological quality of the included studies potentially compromised the effect estimates of RT. The existing evidence was very low-quality with many confounding variables between studies. Conclusions. For patients with upper limb neurological dysfunction, low-quality evidence supports RT over MI in terms of improving individual participation in the short term. The existing low- to very low-quality evidence does not support RT over OI in either the short- or medium-term follow-up periods with respect to community participation.
Effect of NTN and Lmx1α on the Notch Signaling Pathway during the Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dopaminergic Neuron-Like Cells
Authors: Zhang Jinhua , Yang Bo , Luo Lilin , Li Linhui , Yang Xuantao , Zhang Juanjuan , Xie Yuxin , Wang Wanpu , Lu Shuaiyao
Published: August 2021

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (h-BMSCs) have the potential to differentiate into dopaminergic neuron-like cells to treat Parkinson’s disease. The Notch signaling pathway has been implicated in the regulation of cell fate decisions such as differentiation of BMSCs. This study investigated changes in the expression of Notch-related genes in the differentiation of BMSCs in vitro into dopaminergic (DA) neuron-like cells. BMSCs transfected with empty lentiviral vectors served as the control group and those transfected with NTN and Lmx1α recombinant lentiviral vectors served as the experimental group. After induction and culture of NTN and Lmx1α-transfected h-BMSCs for 21 days, the cells exhibited features of dopaminergic neuron-like cells, which were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy and verified by immunofluorescence of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT). These induced cells could secrete dopamine and had basic action potentials. Expression of the neural stem cell (NSC) markers, including octamer-binding protein (Oct4), paired box gene 6 (Pax6), and sex determining region Y-box 1 (SOX1), increased on day 14 of induction and decreased on day 21 of induction during differentiation. The human Notch signaling pathway PCR array showed a differential expression of Notch-related genes during the differentiation of h-BMSCs into DA neuron-like cells in vitro relative to that in the control group. In conclusion, h-BMSCs overexpressing NTN and Lmx1α can successfully be induced to differentiate into dopaminergic neuron-like cells with a neuronal phenotype exhibiting fundamental biological functions in vitro, and NTN and Lmx1α may affect the expression of Notch-related genes during differentiation.
Intercellular Transfer of Mitochondria between Senescent Cells through Cytoskeleton‐Supported Intercellular Bridges Requires mTOR and CDC42 Signalling
Authors: Walters Hannah E. , Cox Lynne S.
Published: August 2021

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell proliferation arrest induced by various stressors including telomere attrition, DNA damage, and oncogene induction. While beneficial as an acute response to stress, the accumulation of senescent cells with increasing age is thought to contribute adversely to the development of cancer and a number of other age‐related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases for which there are currently no effective disease‐modifying therapies. Non‐cell‐autonomous effects of senescent cells have been suggested to arise through the SASP, a wide variety of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and exosomes secreted by senescent cells. Here, we report an additional means of cell communication utilised by senescent cells via large numbers of membrane‐bound intercellular bridges—or tunnelling nanotubes (TNTs)—containing the cytoskeletal components actin and tubulin, which form direct physical connections between cells. We observe the presence of mitochondria in these TNTs and show organelle transfer through the TNTs to adjacent cells. While transport of individual mitochondria along single TNTs appears by time‐lapse studies to be unidirectional, we show by differentially labelled co‐culture experiments that organelle transfer through TNTs can occur between different cells of equivalent cell age, but that senescent cells, rather than proliferating cells, appear to be predominant mitochondrial donors. Using small molecule inhibitors, we demonstrate that senescent cell TNTs are dependent on signalling through the mTOR pathway, which we further show is mediated at least in part through the downstream actin‐cytoskeleton regulatory factor CDC42. These findings have significant implications for the development of senomodifying therapies, as they highlight the need to account for local direct cell‐cell contacts as well as the SASP in order to treat cancer and diseases of ageing in which senescence is a key factor.
Experimental Study on the Relationship between Compression Stability and Deformation Localization of Viscous/Brittle Rock‐Like Materials
Authors: Lv Xiangfeng , Yang Yahan , Chen Yan , Wang Nianjin , Yang Min , Shao Ying , Li Jiaxing
Published: August 2021

Rock‐like materials often exhibit irregular failure deformation under long‐term service conditions, and the deformation and failure of asphalt and concrete materials is a serious problem that leads to subgrade failure. In this study, two different viscous/brittle rock‐like materials were prepared by the in situ loading and optical speckle synchronous monitoring test method, and the evolution characteristics of the deformation field were studied during compression. The formation process of the compression deformation localization of rock‐like materials and their relationship with stability were analyzed. A quantitative description of the compression deformation stage and localization characteristics of the viscous/brittle rock‐like materials is presented. The results can be summarized as follows. At the initial stage of compression, the deformation localization zone of viscous/brittle rock‐like materials begins to expand from the middle area to the surrounding area. Preliminary results of the deformation localization of the linear elastic deformation stage were obtained. The failure cloud image is completely formed at the peak, which is consistent with the failure physical map. The deformation process of compression can be quantitatively described using the deformation localization characteristics of rock‐like materials.
Certain Subclass of
m
-Valent Functions Associated with a New Extended Ruscheweyh Operator Related to Conic Domains
Authors: Shammaky Amnah E. , Seoudy Tamer M.
Published: August 2021

The main object of the present paper is to introduce certain subclass of

m

-valent functions associated with a new extended Ruscheweyh linear operator in the open unit disk. Also, we investigate a number of geometric properties including coefficient estimates and the Fekete–Szegö type inequalities for this subclass. Several known consequences of the main results are also pointed out.
A Note on the Primitive Roots and the Golomb Conjecture
Authors: Hou Yiwei , Wang Hongyan
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we use the elementary methods and the estimates for character sums to prove the following conclusion. Let

p

be a prime large enough. Then, for any positive integer

n

with

p

1
/
2

+
ɛ

≤
n
<
p

, there must exist two primitive roots

α

and

β

modulo

p

with

1

<

α

,

β

≤

n

−

1

such that the equation

n
=
α
+
β

holds, where

0
<
ɛ
<

1
/
2

is a fixed positive number. In other words,

n

can be expressed as the exact sum of two primitive roots modulo

p

.
Microstructure and Properties of ER50-6 Steel Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Hu Qingxian , Miao Junyan , Wang Xiaoli , Li Chengtao , Fang Kewei
Published: August 2021

In this paper, ER50-6 steel was fabricated by wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) with an A-W GTAW system. The microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of ER50-6 steel by WAAM were studied. The results showed that, with the GMAW current increased, from the bottom to the top of the sample, the microstructure was fine ferrite and granular pearlite, ferrite equiaxed grains with fine grains at grain boundaries, and columnar ferrite, respectively. The average hardness in the vertical direction of samples 1# and 2# was 146 and 153 HV, respectively. The hardness of sample 2# increased because of the refinement of grain. The pores in the sample increased as the bypass current increased. The higher bypass current also has a deterioration effect on the corrosion behavior of ER50-6 steel.
Toeplitz Operators with

I
M
O

s

Symbols between Generalized Fock Spaces
Authors: Zhang Yiyuan , Cao Guangfu , He Li
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study the mapping properties of Toeplitz operators

T

f

associated with

IMO

s

 

symbols

f

acting between two generalized Fock spaces

F

φ

p

, where

1
<
s
≤
∞

. We characterize bounded or compact Toeplitz operators

T

f

from one generalized Fock space

F

φ

p

to another

F

φ

q

, respectively, in four cases.
Particle Swarm Algorithm-Based Analysis of Pelvic Dynamic MRI Images in Female Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Su Dongfang , Wen Yufang , Lin Qing
Published: August 2021

This work aimed to study the application of pelvic floor dynamic images of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm in female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). 20 SUI female patients were selected as experimental group, and another 20 healthy females were taken as controls. PSO algorithm, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, and back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm were adopted to construct the evaluation models for comparative analysis, which were then applied to 40 cases of female pelvic floor dynamic MRI images. It was found that the model proposed had relatively high prediction accuracy in both the training set (87.67%) and the test set (88.46%). In contrast to the control group, there were considerable differences in abnormal urethral displacement, urethral length changes, bladder prolapse, and uterine prolapse in experimental patients (

P
<
0.05

). After surgery, the change of urethral inclination angle was evidently reduced (

P
<
0.05

). To sum up, MRI images can be adopted to assess the occurrence of female SUI with abnormal urethral displacement, shortening of urethra length, bladder prolapse, and uterine prolapse. After surgery, the abnormal urethral movement was slightly improved, but there was no obvious impact on bladder prolapse and uterine prolapse.
Test-Retest Reliability of Low-Cost Posturography for Assessing Postural Stability Control Performance during Standing
Authors: Heamawatanachai Sumet , Wiriyasakunphan Witawit , Srisupornkornkool Kanokwan , Jorrakate Chaiyong
Published: August 2021

Postural stability control performance assessment is necessary in providing important information for individuals who are at risk of falling or who have balance impairment. Instrumented assessment is suggested as a valid and reliable test, but the cost and the difficulty of setup are significant limitations. The aim of this cross-sectional (test-retest reliability) study was to develop and determine the reliability of a low-cost posturography for assessing postural stability control performance during standing. The low-cost posturography was developed with four load cells and an acrylic platform. The center of pressure (COP) displacement and velocity were analyzed using written software. Test-retest reliability was performed with six different standing postural stability tests in twenty healthy volunteers on two different days. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), coefficient of variation (CV), and Bland–Altman plot and limits of agreements (LOA) were used for analyses. The low-cost posturography was accurate (ICC = 0.99,

p
<
0.001

; SEM = 0.003 cm) when compared to the true with calculated X and Y coordinates, with a moderate to excellent test-retest reliability for both COP displacement (ICCs ranged 0.62–0.91,

p
<
0.05

; SEMs ranged 17.92–25.77%) and COP velocity (ICCs ranged 0.62–0.91,

p
<
0.05

; SEMs ranged 18.09–27.69%) in all standing postural stability tests. Bland–Altman plots and LOAs suggested good agreement of tested parameters from the developed low-cost posturography between different days. In conclusion, the developed low-cost posturography had adequate reliability for assessing COP displacement and velocity during standing postural control stability performance tests.
A New Scheme for Solving Multiorder Fractional Differential Equations Based on Müntz–Legendre Wavelets
Authors: Bin Jebreen Haifa , Tchier Fairouz
Published: August 2021

In this study, we apply the pseudospectral method based on Müntz–Legendre wavelets to solve the multiorder fractional differential equations with Caputo fractional derivative. Using the operational matrix for the Caputo derivative operator and applying the Chebyshev and Legendre zeros, the problem is reduced to a system of linear algebraic equations. We illustrate the reliability, efficiency, and accuracy of the method by some numerical examples. We also compare the proposed method with others and show that the proposed method gives better results.
Optimal Route Selection Decision-Making Based on Intelligent Network
Authors: Zhao Mengshu , Zhang Zhaohui
Published: August 2021

Modern intelligent network provides a lot of convenience for the development of the society, especially for some practical NP-hard optimal problems. In this paper, we study a game case which is a problem of optimal strategy of desert crossing based on intelligent network and then propose an optimal route selection decision-making. We construct some dynamic multiobjective network problems and use heuristic algorithm to solve the two problems in four levels in the paper. The innovation of this paper lies in the optimal route selection strategy which considers different environment conditions and their own situations. The cross research between the practical engineering problems and mathematics is applied flexibly in this article. Moreover, the strategy given in this paper is a general direction rather than a specific result, which is also in line with the characteristics of diversity of the game optimal results.
Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α in Macrophages, but Not in Neutrophils, Is Important for Host Defense during Klebsiella pneumoniae-Induced Pneumosepsis
Authors: Otto Natasja A. , Pereverzeva Liza , Leopold Valentine , Ramirez-Moral Ivan , Roelofs Joris J. T. H. , van Heijst Jeroen W. J. , de Vos Alex F. , van der Poll Tom
Published: August 2021

Hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-) 1α has been implicated in the ability of cells to adapt to alterations in oxygen levels. Bacterial stimuli can induce HIF1α in immune cells, including those of myeloid origin. We here determined the role of myeloid cell HIF1α in the host response during pneumonia and sepsis caused by the common human pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. To this end, we generated mice deficient for HIF1α in myeloid cells (LysM-cre × Hif1αfl/fl) or neutrophils (Mrp8-cre × Hif1αfl/fl) and infected these with Klebsiella pneumoniae via the airways. Myeloid, but not neutrophil, HIF1α-deficient mice had increased bacterial loads in the lungs and distant organs after infection as compared to control mice, pointing at a role for HIF1α in macrophages. Myeloid HIF1α-deficient mice did not show increased bacterial growth after intravenous infection, suggesting that their phenotype during pneumonia was mediated by lung macrophages. Alveolar and lung interstitial macrophages from LysM-cre × Hif1αfl/fl mice produced lower amounts of the immune enhancing cytokine tumor necrosis factor upon stimulation with Klebsiella, while their capacity to phagocytose or to produce reactive oxygen species was unaltered. Alveolar macrophages did not upregulate glycolysis in response to lipopolysaccharide, irrespective of HIF1α presence. These data suggest a role for HIF1α expressed in lung macrophages in protective innate immunity during pneumonia caused by a common bacterial pathogen.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided High-Voltage Long-Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency for Pudendal Neuralgia
Authors: Ji Feng , Zhou Shuzhuan , Li Caixia , Zhang Yongyan , Xu Hua
Published: August 2021

Pudendal neuralgia (PN) is a complex disease with various clinical characteristics, and there is no treatment showing definite effectiveness. This study is aimed at evaluating the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided high-voltage long-duration pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) for PN. Two cadavers (one male, one female) were dissected to provide evidence for localization of the pudendal nerve. Patients diagnosed as PN who failed or were intolerant in regular medication were screened for diagnostic local anesthesia block of the pudendal nerve before recruitment. Twenty PN patients were enrolled in this study. In the PRF procedure, the needle tip was inserted medially into the internal pudendal artery under ultrasound guidance. The position of the PRF needle tip was then adjusted by the response of the pudendal nerve to the electrical stimulation within the pudendal area (42°C, a series of 2 Hz, and 20 ms width pulses that lasted for 900 s). Alleviation of pain was assessed by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and sitting time pretreatment and on 7 d, 14 d, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, and 6 m posttreatment in outpatient follow-up or by telephone interview. Two patients were lost due to intervention-irrelevant reasons. Patients showed significantly decreased VAS scores on 7 d after RFP, compared with pretreatment status (

7.0
±
0.9

vs.

3.2
±
1.7

,

P
<
0.001

). The efficacy remained steady till the end of 6 months, with a final remission rate of 88.9%. Sitting time also significantly lengthened following PRF (7 d, 14 d, 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, and 6 m vs. pretreatment, all

P
<
0.05

). Only short-term ipsilateral involuntary convulsion of the lower extremity was reported in one patient, who recovered within 12 h. Six patients were treated with nonsteroidal drugs for a short time. All patients stopped taking medication finally. In conclusion, the ultrasound-guided high-voltage long-duration PRF approach not only reduced the pelvic pain caused by PN but also improved the quality of life by extending sitting time without nerve injury.
Numerical Study of Wave‐ and Current‐Induced Oscillatory Seabed Response near a Fully Buried Subsea Pipeline
Authors: Duan Lunliang , Fan Meiling , Wang Duoyin , Meng Caixia , Xing Lei
Published: August 2021

To investigate the wave‐ and current‐induced seabed response near a fully buried subsea pipeline, a two‐dimensional coupled model for fluid‐seabed‐pipeline interaction (FSPI‐2D) is developed within the framework of COMSOL multiphysics. Different from previous studies, both the wave‐current interaction and the nonlinear pipeline‐soil contacts are considered in the present model. In this paper, Biot’s consolidation mode is used to govern the fluid‐induced seabed response, and combined Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equation with the k-ε turbulence model is employed to simulate the fluid propagation. Meanwhile, the pipeline is treated as a linear elasticity. Firstly, the effectiveness of the new model is verified by laboratory experiments from previous reports. Then, the numerical model is employed to examine the effects of nonlinear pipeline‐seabed contacts and fluid characteristics on the seabed response around the structure. Finally, the momentary liquefaction near the fully buried pipeline is studied based on the 2D coupled model.
Combined Inhibition of SHP2 and CXCR1/2 Promotes Antitumor T-cell Response in NSCLC
Authors: Tang Kwan Ho , Li Shuai , Khodadadi-Jamayran Alireza , Jen Jayu , Han Han , Guidry Kayla , Chen Ting , Hao Yuan , Fedele Carmine , Zebala John A. , Maeda Dean Y. , Christensen James G. , Olson Peter , Athanas Argus , Loomis Cynthia A. , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Wong Kwok-Kin , Neel Benjamin G.
Published: August 2021

SHP2 inhibitors (SHP2i) alone and in various combinations are being tested in multiple tumors with overactivation of the RAS/ERK pathway. SHP2 plays critical roles in normal cell signaling; hence, SHP2is could influence the tumor microenvironment. We found that SHP2i treatment depleted alveolar and M2-like macrophages, induced tumor-intrinsic CCL5/CXCL10 secretion, and promoted B and T lymphocyte infiltration in Kras- and Egfr-mutant non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, treatment also increased intratumor granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (gMDSC) via tumor-intrinsic, NFκB-dependent production of CXCR2 ligands. Other RAS/ERK pathway inhibitors also induced CXCR2 ligands and gMDSC influx in mice, and CXCR2 ligands were induced in tumors from patients on KRASG12C inhibitor trials. Combined SHP2 (SHP099)/CXCR1/2 (SX682) inhibition depleted a specific cluster of S100a8/9hi gMDSCs, generated Klrg1+ CD8+ effector T cells with a strong cytotoxic phenotype but expressing the checkpoint receptor NKG2A, and enhanced survival in Kras- and Egfr-mutant models. Our results argue for testing RAS/ERK pathway/CXCR1/2/NKG2A inhibitor combinations in patients with NSCLC.

Significance:

Our study shows that inhibiting the SHP2/RAS/ERK pathway triggers NFκB-dependent upregulation of CXCR2 ligands and recruitment of S100A8hi gMDSCs, which suppress T cells. Combining SHP2/CXCR2 inhibitors blocks gMDSC immigration, resulting in enhanced Th1 polarization, induced CD8+KLRG1+ effector T cells with high cytotoxic activity, and improved survival in multiple NSCLC models.

This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Reversal of Root Caries with Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Fluoride Varnish in Xerostomia
Authors: Sleibi Ahmed , Tappuni Anwar R. , Baysan Aylin
Published: August 2021

Different formulas of topical fluoride have been used to manage root carious lesions. This clinical trial aimed to investigate the efficacy of a dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride compared with fluoride alone in reversing/arresting root caries in xerostomic patients over 1 year. A total of 80 patients (age range 45–92 years) with primary root caries (n = 184 root carious lesions) and unstimulated salivary flow rate of <0.2 mL/min were randomly allocated to receive either dental varnish containing CPP-ACP and 5% fluoride (group 1: MI varnish; GC, Japan) (n = 41, 83 lesions), or dental varnish with 5% fluoride alone (group 2: NUPRO White; Dentsply, USA) (n = 39, 101 lesions). Clinical assessments with Severity Index (SI) for root caries, DIAGNOdent measurements, and varnish application were carried out at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Standard oral hygiene instructions with 1,450 ppm fluoride toothpastes were provided for both groups. After 3 months, 63.9% (n = 46) of root caries in group 1 became hard (SI: 0) compared with 39.3% (n = 35) in group 2 (p < 0.01). After 6 and 12 months, the differences in SI were insignificant (group 1, n = 60, 83.3%) (group 2, n = 66, 74.2%) (p = 0.36), and (group 1, n = 60, 89.6%) (group 2, n = 67, 81.7%, n = 1 soft, 1.2%) (p = 0.29), respectively. In both groups, noncavitated leathery lesions were more likely to become hard when compared to the cavitated root caries. A significant decrease in plaque index, surface roughness, lesion dimension, and DIAGNOdent readings with a significant increase in lesion distance from the gingival margin was reported in both groups (p < 0.05). This study has provided evidence that fluoride dental varnish either with or without calcium and phosphate has the potential to arrest/reverse root caries, especially noncavitated lesions for patients with xerostomia.
Changes in Electric Brain Response to Affective Stimuli in the First Week of Antidepressant Treatment: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Koller-Schlaud Kristin , Ströhle Andreas , Behr Joachim , Bärwolf Dreysse Elisabeth , Rentzsch Johannes
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Asymmetrical alpha and frontal theta activity have been discussed as neurobiological markers for antidepressant treatment response. While most studies focus on resting-state EEG, there is evidence that task-related activity assessed at multiple time points might be superior in detecting subtle early differences. Methods: This was a naturalistic study design assessing participants in a psychiatric in- and outpatient hospital setting. We investigated stimulus-related EEG asymmetry (frontal and occipital alpha-1 and alpha-2) and power (frontal midline theta) assessed at baseline and 1 week after initiation of pharmacological depression treatment while presenting affective stimuli. We then compared week 4 responders and nonresponders to antidepressant treatment. Results: Follow-up analyses of a significant group × emotion × time interaction (p < 0.04) for alpha-1 asymmetry showed that responders differed significantly at baseline in their asymmetry scores in response to sad compared to happy faces with a change in this pattern 1 week later. Nonresponders did not show this pattern. No significant results were found for alpha-2, occipital alpha-1, and occipital alpha-2 asymmetry or frontal midline theta power. Discussion: Our study addresses the gap in comparisons of task-related EEG activity changes measured at two time points and supports the potential value of this approach in detecting early differences in responders versus nonresponders to pharmacological treatment. Important limitations include the small sample size and the noncontrolled study design.