bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical prediction of seasonal cyclonic activity over North Indian Ocean
Authors: BALACHANDRAN S. , GEETHA B.
Published: December 2021

The Northeast monsoon season of October to December (OND) is the primary season of cyclonic activity over the North Indian Ocean (NIO). The mean number of days of cyclonic activity over NIO during this season is about 20 days. In the present study, statistical prediction for seasonal cyclonic activity over the North Indian Ocean during the cyclone season of October to December is attempted using well known climate indices and regional circulation features during the recent 30 years of 1971-2000.Potential predictors are identified using correlation analysis and optimum numbers of predictors are chosen using screening regression technique. A qualitative prediction for number of Cyclonic Disturbance (CD) days is attempted by analysing the conditional means of the number of CD days during OND over NIO for different intervals of each predictor based on the 30 year data of 1971-2000. Predictions and their validations for the subsequent test period of 2001 to 2009, based on this scheme, are discussed. An attempt for quantitative prediction is also made by developing a multiple regression model for prediction of number of CD days over the NIO during OND using the same predictors. The regression model accounts for 70% of the inter annual variance. The root mean square error of estimate is 5 days and the bias error is 0.36 days. The regression model is cross validated by Jackknife method for each individual year using the data of 29 years from the sample excluding the year under consideration. The model is also tested for independent dataset for the years 2001 to 2009. Salient features of the model performance are discussed.
A satellite based study of pre-monsoon thunderstorms (Nor’westers) over eastern India and their organization into mesoscale convective complexes
Authors: TYAGI AJIT , SIKKA D.R , GOYAL SUMAN , BHOWMICK MANSI
Published: December 2021

Nor’wester studies have a long history of climatological, synoptic and radar observations. These studies have been briefly mentioned and the field programs for the study of Nor’westers implemented in India Meteorological Department (IMD) from 1931-1941 have been touched upon. Indian atmospheric science community organized a multi-year STORM program during 2007-2010 to understand the formation of these severe local storms and also understand their dynamics through modeling. An attempt is made to use INSAT Infrared and Visible imageries to document the convective cells which developed over Eastern and North-East (NE) Indian states and adjoining countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal for the year 2009. Also convective cells which organized themselves into Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCCs) for the four years period 2007-2010 have been studied. It is found that by and large Eastern India (Jharkhand, Orissa, Sub Himalayan West Bengal and Bangladesh) is responsible for the initiation of convection. Development occurs as the cells propagate over the neighbouring areas of Bangladesh and NE India. Important observations with regard to initiation, maturity and dissipation etc. of the MCCs are provided. It is suggested that half hourly to hourly monitoring of convection can be accomplished by using INSAT imagery, along with multiple overlapping radar coverages, which could help in nowcasting of convective cells. Synoptic and thermodynamic forcing can help as broad guidance. The only effective way for effective warning is nowcasting using satellite and multiple radar coverage.
An insight into the severe floods in India during 2005, 2006 & 2007
Authors: TOMAR M.S.
Published: December 2021

In this paper severe flood during South West monsoon seasons of 2005, 2006 & 2007 have been identified with the related synoptic features. A total of 22 states reeled under severe floods during 2005, 2006 & 2007. In the south peninsula only Karnataka and Kerala were affected by severe floods. During 2006 & 2007 severe floods continued for a longer period and affected many states where as during 2005 severe floods affected most of the states except peninsular India but they continued for short periods comparatively.Formation of excess No’s of low pressure areas and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during July, Aug and Sept 2006, in succession , and their WNW movements upto M.P. and east Rajasthan caused severe floods in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh for a longer period i.e. from 28 July to 12 September 2006. During 2007, Shifting of monsoon trough, presence of secondary monsoon trough and trough in westerly, caused severe floods in most of the North eastern states from 12 July to 10 October 2007.
Investigation of features of May, 2001 tropical cyclone over the Arabian Sea through IRS-P4 and other satellite data
Authors: MAHAJAN P.N. , KHALADKAR R.M. , NARKHEDKAR S.G. , NAIR SATHY , PRABHU AMITA , MAHAKUR M.
Published: December 2021

In this paper, utility of satellite derived atmospheric motion vectors and geophysical parameters is brought out to discern appropriate signals for improving short-range forecasts in respect of development/dissipation of tropical cyclones over the Indian region. Results of a particular case study of May, 2001 cyclone, which formed in the Arabian Sea are reported. Analysis of wind field with input of modified cloud motion vectors and water vapour wind vectors is performed utilizing Optimum Interpolation (OI) technique at 850 and 200 hPa for finding dynamical changes such as vorticity, convergence and divergence for the complete life period of this cyclone. Simultaneously, variations in geophysical parameters obtained from IRS-P4 and TRMM satellites in ascending and descending nodes are compared with dynamical variations for discerning some positive signals to improve short range forecasts over the Indian region. The enhancement of cyclonic vorticity at 200 hPa over larger area surrounding center of cyclone was observed from 26 to 28 May 2001 which gave a positive signal for dissipation of storm.
Libyan Journal of Medical Research (LJMR): Moving to the Next Step
Authors: Atia Ahmed , Almgdoub Osama
Published: December 2021

The Editor-in-Chief and executive editors are grateful to all previous editors and editorial board members who have served in any volume since the beginning of the journal. Their exemplary dedication and hard work have been the driving forces behind the Journal's success and punctuality over the last 14 years. Libyan Journal of Medical Research (LJMR) advances to the next stage today. It is healthy and necessary to pause and reflect on one's accomplishments and deficiencies, especially at various stages and milestones.
Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and associated factors among mothers in Surman City a cross-sectional study
Authors: Dwaib Ali M , Yousif Abdalrauf A
Published: December 2021

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) means that the infant receives only breast milk for the first six months of life after birth. The objective was to assess the prevalence of EBF and associated factors among mothers having children aged 0–6 months in Surman city, Libya. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Surman city among 146 mothers of infants aged 0–6 months. Eligible mothers were identified and randomly selected using the demographic surveillance system’s computerized database that is updated weekly. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for interviews that inquired information on socio-demographic characteristics, obstetric, health service, breastfeeding related factors (initiation of breastfeeding, prelacteal feeding and colostrum feeding) and economic factors. EBF prevalence was calculated using 24-hour recall method. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify those factors associated with the Exclusive breastfeeding. Results: The prevalence of EBF in the last 24 hours preceding the survey was 44.5%. Significant evidence of an association was observed with type of delivery, assistance during delivery and fathers' education with (OR = 0.664, 95% CI 0.461, 0.957, p=0.027), (OR =0.593, 95% CI 0.422, 0.835, p=0.007) and (OR= 2.500, 95% CI 1.161,2.925 P= 0.041) respectively. Age, Mothers’ education, Initiation of breastfeeding, were found to be not associated with breastfeeding practices. Conclusion: The prevalence of EBF Surman city (44,5%) is lower than Global Nutrition Targets 2025, increase the rate of EBF in the first 6 months up to at least 50%. Most (66.4%) of the mothers reported that they had not received breastfeeding education during their last pregnancy and 94.5% percent of mothers had not antenatal care visits, (54.8%) were Caesarean deliveries These findings suggest that there is a need for breastfeeding support provided by health services. Hence, promotion of EBF during the first six months of life needs to be addressed and future breastfeeding promotion programs should give special attention to those women who are not practicing EBF
Renewable Green hydrogen energy impact on sustainability performance
Authors: Alzoubi Asem
Published: December 2021

In today's world, the major source of energy is fossil fuels, which are nonrenewable and cannot be used once exhausted. At the start of the twenty-first century, main challenges with current energy infrastructure throughout the world were a finite supply of fossil fuels, ever-increasing energy use, and the growing environmental impact of greenhouse gas emissions. Fossil fuel energy is economical due to existing infrastructure, but it has significant downsides and has a severe impact on the environment.

As a result, renewable energy sources are being investigated as potential contenders to supply the bulk of energy demands. Hydrogen is the least harmful to the environment of these fuels. Hydrogen is a clean, long-lasting fuel with the potential that is the source of future global energy. It may potentially be used to replace current fossil-fuel-based energy infrastructure. This is seen as a solution to the above-mentioned challenges, such as global warming and environmental degradation. It is impossible to overestimate the relevance of environmental and economic factors in the development of hydrogen infrastructure. This article discusses the many aspects of hydrogen, including as manufacturing, storage, and applications, with a focus on the environment and the economy.
Blockchain Convergence: Analysis of Issues Affecting IoT, AI and Blockchain
Authors: Guergov Sasho , Radwan Neyara
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to appraise the integration or convergence issues influencing the mutual functioning of blockchain, AI, and IoT. The study argued that the recent developments in the field of IoT and blockchain prediction have involved the integration of innumerable classification schemes to establish a hybrid model. The introduction of the hybrid technique relies on the prediction performance that strives to override the limitations of any available architectural scheme. This study offers a comprehensive exploratory appraisal of the issues influencing the successful integration of IoT and blockchain in regards to functionality and effectiveness of security, trust, and flawless communication issues. The exploratory research methodology was used in analyzing the issues affecting the integration of blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), and the internet of things (IoT). The findings indicated that the integration challenges influencing the effective operations of blockchain, AI, and IoT as a single system involve security, scalability, accountability, and trust of communications. The study recommends that successful and effective integration will enhance the development of new business models as well as the digital transformation of market corporations. Accordingly, new approaches to convergence should ensure that executives address the new technology demands to obtain significant gains in efficiency.
Pengaruh Iklan Cash Card Terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Febi UIN Sumatera Utara
Authors: Maulidah Aula
Published: December 2021

This research is motivated by increasingly rapid technologicaldevelopments, especially in the economic field, namely the paymentsystem. The card acts as a non-cash payment instrument and makesit easier for the public to make transactions or transfers betweenindividuals. This shows that people have switched from cashpayments to non-cash payments which will have an impact on thecurrent formula for money supply. Stability of money demand inpotential member states is imperative for the feasible commonmonetary policy. This study aims to determine the level of influenceof cash card advertising (atm card) on the interest of Islamiceconomics students at UIN North Sumatra and to determine whetheror not there is an effect of cash card advertising on the interests ofstudents of Febi UIN North Sumatra. The research method used is aquantitative method. Collecting data distributing respondentsIslamic economics S1 Stambuk 2019.. Research data collection usesthe questionnaire method with the Likert scale method and is givento 100 respondents. In this study, the data analysis techniques usedwere descriptive analysis and uji t using SPSS 15.0. The results ofthis study indicate that the effect of cash card advertising on theinterest of Islamic economics students at FEBI UIN North Sumatrais 15.49%. After passing several tests, it can be concluded that theeffect of cash card advertising is significant or there is a positiveinfluence on student interest
Healthy lifestyles and their beneficial effects on sexual function and dysfunction
Authors: Agarwal Shashi K
Published: December 2021

Sexual dysfunction is a common malady. It causes immense emotional suffering and interferes with social wellbeing. Many physical and psychological ailments are frequently implicated in its development and progression. There are several therapeutic options available for its attenuation. However, more recently, the focus has shifted significantly to several lifestyle factors that can help in its prevention. A brief review of these influences exerted by the five major lifestyles, namely, smoking, obesity, exercise, alcohol intake, and diet is done in this manuscript.
Students' awareness and perceptions regarding copyright infringement
Authors: Atikuzzaman Md. , Saha Manisha
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which students of the Dhaka University are aware of the existing copyright law and its infringement. Methodology: Students from different departments of the Dhaka University were the sample population for this study. An online survey was used for collecting data and a questionnaire was designed using Google Forms including both open and close ended questions which was distributed to the students using different social media platforms. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software and Microsoft Excel. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were performed to analyze students’ awareness regarding copyright issues.Findings: A total of 260 students participated in the survey. The study showed that 82.6% students are aware of copyright and 80.2% are aware of copyright infringement. 61.2% students violated copyright once or more by plagiarism, photocopy and other means particularly because of the high price and unavailability of the original materials. Most of the students opined that developing citing and referencing practice among students and introducing copyright in university curricula can help in reducing copyright infringement.Research limitations: The study was limited to only one public university of Bangladesh because of time limitation and COVID-19 outbreak.Practical implications: The present study can create greater awareness and respect for copyright law in the university as well as in the whole country.Originality/value: This research is one of the first attempts to study Dhaka University students’ awareness and perceptions regarding copyright infringement and can act as the building block for future research on this topic.
Library transformation
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Bhattacharya P K , Malviya R N
Published: December 2021

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to examine the importance of digital libraries during the COVID-19 pandemic in dissemination of information services, to know the users’ perspectives towards its success and also examines the challenges faced by the libraries during this pandemic and also about how the librarians cope up with the challenges and function in the new normal situation.Methodology: An online Pan-India survey was conducted among library professionals and user communities. By using survey instrument, Google Form, a total of 12 questions were asked from general to specific towards use of digital libraries during pandemic period. Total 250 responses were received. The responses received were categorized, analyzed and presented in this paper. The research data were primarily collected from blogs, social media and online survey which were carried out among various library professionals to know their perspective towards digital libraries, new skill requirement and current challenges faced by the libraries in the new normal imposed on us due to COVID-19 pandemic.Findings: This study reveals that the library professionals are eager to learn online technologies for developing and delivering information services. It also identifies that to remain connected and to spread knowledge, large numbers of online webinars are conducted in library fields. The major challenges the librarians faced during COVID-19 are physical distancing from workplace, fear of disease contraction, Lack of high speed internet connection, low response of users in social media platforms etc.Originality/ value: This is an original study conducted in India which gives an overview on the transformation of libraries by using digital library services to meet the need of the users during COVID-19.
Protection of Whistleblowers by the European Union, the Council of Europe, and the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Kiššová Sára
Published: December 2021

Whistleblower protection in the European Union is undergoing significant developments. The new Directive (EU) 2019/1937 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons reporting breaches of Union law sets a minimum standard for the protection of whistleblowers. It is awaiting implementation in Member States' national law by December 2021. However, a certain level of protection is also guaranteed by the European Court of Human Rights case law principles. Reports of illegal activities provided from close internal sources can strengthen the protection of the EU's financial interests. Adequate protection is needed to prevent retaliation against whistleblowers. As the deadline for transposing this directive approaches, the article aims to analyse the Directive 2019/1973 and compare it with the protection guaranteed by Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights.
Study on the synthesis of thioamides from aldehyde N-tert-butylsulfinyl amide and sulfur in aqueous media
Authors: Pham Xuan Thao
Published: December 2021

Thioamides have been widely used in the fields of medicine and organic chemistry, some of which are essential bioactive compounds, plant protection agents, and drugs. It could also be used as a vulcanizing agent, an additive to lubricants and greases, and a ligand in organic synthesis. Usually, thioamide is synthesized at high temperatures or in the microwave using an expensive noble metal complex as catalysts. This paper presented a straightforward method for synthesizing thioamides by using N-tert-butylsulfinyl amide, aldehyde, and sulfur. The reaction was carried out in water, which is an environmentally friendly solvent. The reaction selectivity and yield were up to 89%.
Construíndo unha Táboa Periódica sostible
Authors: Fernández-Fariña Sandra
Published: December 2021

Neste ano no que se están a celebrar os 150 anos da creación da táboa periódica por Mendeleev parécenos importante aumentar o interese do noso alumnado na aprendizaxe desta táboa. Para isto, a continuación, preséntase unha actividade innovadora para a aprendizaxe do Sistema Periódico dos elementos. A proposta busca fomentar unha actitude máis positiva do alumnado cara a ciencia levando a cabo unha aprendizaxe contextualizada da táboa periódica dos elementos. Para o seu desenvolvemento, proponse a metod oloxía de indagación coma estratexia de aprendizaxe activa e colaborativa, co obxectivo de promover o interese do alumnado e implicalo no seu propio proceso de ensinanza-aprendizaxe. Esta metodoloxía porase en práctica utilizando a ferramenta didáctica WebQuest. Nela, preséntase unha actividade na que as alumnas e alumnos terán que realizar unha busca de información de forma guiada partindo dun problema exposto para, posteriormente, analizar os datos obtidos e establecer conclusións. Durante a actividade fomentarase o traballo colaborativo, xa que o obxectivo para o alumnado é solucionar o problema de forma grupal e, a maiores, tratarase de potenciar a súa creatividade mediante a elaboración dun informe en forma de publicación de Instagram e dun vídeo para YouTube. Para finalizar a actividade, elaborarase unha táboa periódica sostible de forma grupal.
Decreased Maximal Tongue Protrusion Length May Predict the Presence of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients
Authors: Cho Hyunchul , Noh Jeong Se , Park Junwon , Park Changwook , Park No Dam , Ahn Jun Young , Park Ji Woong , Choi Yoon-Hee , Chun Seong-Min
Published: December 2021

Objective To investigate the relationship between maximal tongue protrusion length (MTPL) and dysphagia in post-stroke patients.Methods Free tongue length (FTL) was measured using the quick tongue-tie assessment tool and MTPL was measured using a transparent plastic ruler in 47 post-stroke patients. The MTPL-to-FTL (RMF) ratio was calculated. Swallowing function in all patients was evaluated via videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS), PenetrationAspiration Scale (PAS), Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), and Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale (VDS).Results The MTPL and RMF values were significantly higher in the non-aspirator group than in the aspirator group (MTPL, p=0.0049; RMF, p<0.001). MTPL and RMF showed significant correlations with PAS, FOIS and VDS scores. The cut-off value in RMF for the prediction of aspiration was 1.56, with a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 86%.Conclusion There is a relationship between MTPL and dysphagia in post-stroke patients. MTPL and RMF can be useful for detecting aspiration in post-stroke patients.
Effect of Foot Orthoses in Children With Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot Based on Ultrasonography of the Ankle Invertor and Evertor Muscles
Authors: Cho Dong Joon , Ahn So Young , Bok Soo-Kyung
Published: December 2021

Objective To examine the changes in the cross-sectional area (CSA) ratio of the ankle invertors and evertors following rigid foot orthosis (RFO) application in children with symptomatic flexible flatfoot and to determine the correlation between the degree of change in CSA ratio and pain-severity after RFO application.Methods We included 24 children with symptomatic flexible flatfoot without comorbidities and measured the CSAs of tibialis anterior (TA), tibialis posterior (TP), and peroneus longus (PL) using ultrasonography, resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP) angle, calcaneal pitch (CP), Meary’s angle, talonavicular coverage angle, and talocalcaneal angle using radiography, and foot function index (FFI) at baseline and 12 months after RFO application. We analyzed 48 data by measuring both feet of 24 children. The CSA ratios, the ratio of CSA of each muscle to the sum of CSA of TA, TP, and PL, were also compared. Correlations between the degree of change in FFI, each muscle’s CSA ratio, RCSP angle, and radiographic measurements were investigated.Results Following RFO application, significant increase in the PL ratio and CP and significant decrease in the RCSP angle, FFI total, pain, and disability scores were observed. The degree of change in the total score, pain, and disability score of FFI were significantly correlated with the degree of change in the PL ratio and RCSP angle.Conclusion RFOs applied to children with symptomatic flexible flatfoot might reduce the compensatory activities of the ankle invertors, thereby increasing the PL ratio, and pain decreases as the PL ratio increases.
The Effect of Board Characteristics on Real Activities Manipulation in Tunisian Banks
Authors: Zgarni Amina , Fedhila Hassouna
Published: December 2021

The succession of financial scandals and resounding bank failures that characterized the economic environment over the past three decades have given more weight to governance mechanisms. As such, considered to be one of the most important internal governance mechanisms, the board of directors has shown its strengths in controlling earnings manipulation, in particular those linked to real activities. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of board characteristics on real earnings management. Using panel data econometrics, on all Tunisian commercial banks over the period 2008-2019, we show that board gender diversity has a disciplinary role in real earnings management as measured by discretionary revenue on equity securities. However, we show that board independence increases the real earnings management. As for board size, board duality, as well as the number of meetings carried out per year by the board of directors, we prove that they have no significant effect on real earnings management.
How to Influence Users’ Willingness to Explore the Use of Sports and Fitness Apps in China
Authors: Suo Lu
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to investigate how inertia affects users' willingness to explore the use of sports and fitness apps under the influence of status quo bias, and to explore the role of health goals in the process of exploring use based on goal setting theory. The population in this research is Chinese users who have already installed or used a sports and fitness app on their mobile device. Through an online survey technique, we collected 449 valid questionnaires by convenience sampling method. The results confirm that inertia negatively influences the users’ willingness to explore the use of sports and fitness apps and that inertia negatively influences perceived need, which, in turn, reduces the willingness to explore the use of sports and fitness apps; Furthermore, this study also verified health goal positive moderate the relationship between inertia and perceived need, as well as the relationship inertia and users’ willingness to explore the use of sports and fitness apps, revealing that health goals can effectively adjust for the effects of status quo bias in mobile fitness exercise. This study provides useful suggestions for the development and operation of sports and fitness app enterprises to help them make suitable marketing strategies according to users' needs, thus promoting the long-term development of sports and fitness app enterprises.
Dual Class Model and Shareholder Agreements: An Analysis of Italian Companies
Authors: Micheli Anna Paola , Intrisano Carmelo , Calce Anna Maria
Published: December 2021

This paper analysed the changes in ownership concentration of the Italian financial market and the recourse to dual class model and shareholder agreements by Italian listed companies in the period 2009-2020. The analysis shows that the control market did not show signs in the period that would lead to presume an increase in the contestability of our companies. The attenuation in ownership concentration, highlighted by the reduction in the value of the Shapley-Shubik index, and the increase in the average market participation did not produce an increase in the contestability of Italian listed companies since the high concentration and limited contestability of control continue to characterize their ownership structures. Findings also show less recourse by the Italian companies to the instruments of separation between ownership and control in the considered period. The reduction in the number of companies that resort to the issue of shares without voting rights and the shareholders' agreements is also reflected in the lower incidence of the capitalization of these companies compared to the market capitalization.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 16 No. 12
Authors: Lee Stephen
Published: December 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 16 No. 12, 2021
D’Alembert’s Contribution to the French Enlightenment
Authors: Liu Tingting , Sun Haibin
Published: December 2021

The French Enlightenment directly influenced and promoted the Enlightenment in other European countries. During the Enlightenment, the development of natural science and the dissemination of scientific knowledge greatly promoted the emancipation of human minds. D’Alembert is a famous French mathematician, physicist, astronomer, and philosopher. As a representative on mission during the French Enlightenment, d’Alembert made important contributions to mechanics, mathematics, and astronomy that greatly promoted the development of natural sciences.
Plasmatic hemostasis at very high altitude — a thrombelas-tometric approach
Authors: Tobler Micaela , Nakas Christos T. , Hilty Matthias P. , Huber Andreas , Merz Tobias , Pichler Hefti Jacqueline
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Changes in blood coagulation during exposure to high altitude are not well understood and studies of activation and consumption of specific coagula-tion factors in hypoxic humans have yielded conflicting results. In this study we used thrombelastometry (TEM) which allows a global evaluation of clot formation and lysis process to study blood coagulation profiles in volunteers exposed to pro-longed hypobaric hypoxia at extreme altitudes.
Material and methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study in 39 healthy volunteers during a research expedition up to an altitude of 7050 m. Plasma based thrombelastometric measurements and standard coagulation parameters were performed at different altitudes.
Results: TEM measurements showed an increase in clotting time (CT) and maxi-mum clot firmness (MCF) at high altitudes, paralleled by an increase in international normalized ratio (INR) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). Fibrinogen concentration increased until 6022 m. D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complex (TAT) increased with time exposed to severe hypoxia. For both measurements highest levels were found at 4844 m after acclimatization; in contrast, lower values were observed again at 7050m in the group of summiteers. Activated protein C resistance (APC-R) was slightly lowered at all altitudes.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that activation of the coagulation and fibrinolytic system occurs with increasing hypobaric hypoxia with concurrent use of coagula-tion factors indicating the occurrence of a consumption-coagulopathy phenotype.
GROUNDS FOR ANIMAL RESCUE PURSUANT
TO ARTICLE 7(3) OF THE ANIMAL PROTECTION
ACT OF 21 AUGUST 1997 IN REGARD TO THE
INSTITUTION OF A COLLISION OF DUTIES UNDER
ARTICLE 26 § 5 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE
Authors: Zakrzewski Piotr
Published: December 2021

The article discusses the conditions for the emergency receipt of animal from the owner in accordance with Art. 7 sec. 3 of the Act of August 21, 1997 on the protection of animals and indicates the need to enrich them with the premises for excluding criminal liability under Art. 26 § 5 of the Penal Code. The main research problems of the study are the premises of the proper and legal emergency receipt of animal from the owner within the meaning of Art. 7 sec. 3 of the Act, including an indication of when such behaviour is legal and when it is illegal, and a detailed specification of the scope of responsibilities of the person who performs the collection of the animal towards the owner of the received animal. According to Art. 217 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in connection with Art. 220 of the Code of Criminal Procedure only law enforcement agencies, including the prosecutor, police officers and other bodies authorized by the law, may search the apartment / land. Authorized representatives of a social organization whose statutory purpose is to protect animals do not have this competence, therefore they are required to cooperate with police officers in the scope of searches. The article shows that in the event of the emergency receipt of animal from the owner in accordance with Art. 7 sec. 3 of the Act, in the absence of Police officers and with the opposition of the owner of the apartment / land, there is no violation of the legal interest of protection of the home if the perpetrator acts in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity and the principle of proportionality underlying Art. 26 § 5 of the Criminal Code.
A FEW REMARKS REGARDING EVIDENCE
FROM THE INTERROGATION OF A WITNESS
IN CONNECTION WITH THE SUBJECT OF
A COMMUNITY INTERVIEW CONDUCTED IN
A CRIMINAL CASE (ARTICLES 214 OF THE CODE OF
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE)
Authors: Rogoziński Piotr
Published: December 2021

The author discusses the role of documentary evidence in the form
of the background survey in criminal proceedings. He also examines the
possibilities and scope of verification of its content by interviewing as
witnesses the person who conducted the evidence and the persons who
provided information as part of the background survey. He emphasizes
that it is justified in this case – in the context of the principle expressed in
Art. 174 of the Code of Criminal Procedure – different approach to admitting
and taking evidence from the testimonies of witnesses on the
circumstances covered by the background survey. The article attempts
to select typical cases in which it would be advisable to admit evidence
from the testimonies of witnesses for the circumstances identified through
the background survey.
Konstrukcje rodzinnoprawne w definicjach z art. 115 kodeksu karnego
Authors: Goettel Mieczysław
Published: December 2021

Przepis art. 115 kodeksu karnego, zawierający wykaz definicji ustawowych, dwukrotnie odwołuje się do konstrukcji prawa rodzinnego. W pierwszym wypadku chodzi o wskazanie, kto jest objęty definicją „osoby najbliższej”, w drugim o ustalenie znaczenia „adopcji” jako konstrukcji autonomicznej w stosunku do instytucji przysposobienia. Na gruncie obu tych rozwiązań prawnych mamy do czynienia z licznymi kontrowersjami.
Nauki o bezpieczeństwie w systemie nauk i ich założenia badawcze
Authors: Chełchowski Janusz , Stojecka-Zuber Renata
Published: December 2021

Nauka będąca autonomiczną częścią kultury wyjaśniającą funkcjonowanie świata, w którym żyje człowiek, ma długą historię i jest rozwijana wyłącznie za pomocą tzw. metody naukowej lub metod naukowych, nazywanych też paradygmatami nauki, poprzez działalność badawczą prowadzącą do publikowania wyników naukowych dociekań. Rozwój nauki, dokonujący się przez poszerzenie zasięgu problematyki oraz modyfikowanie i nowelizowanie sposobów poznania, spowodował taki przyrost wiedzy, że zaistniała konieczność jej podziału na określone obszary, dziedziny i dyscypliny. Odnosząc się w sposób ogólny do historii nauki, w tym do jej podziału zaproponowanego przez Auguste’a Comte’a, analizie poddane zostaną współczesne poczynania w tym zakresie, dokonane zarówno przez Organizację Współpracy Gospodarczej i Rozwoju, jak i polskie Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego. W kontekście istniejącego podziału nauki na dziedziny i dyscypliny oraz miejsca nauk o bezpieczeństwie w dziedzinie nauk społecznych zanalizowane zostaną teoretyczne (ontologiczne i epistemologiczne) założenia metodologiczne tej nauki, które stają się podstawą kształtowania jej tożsamości i wyznaczenia miejsca w istniejącym systemie nauk. Przedstawione zostaną także podstawowe wskazania dotyczące przedmiotu badań i jego uwarunkowań transdyscyplinarnych, metod, technik i narzędzi badawczych lokowanych w transmetodologii.
POLISH DEFENCE INDUSTRY – AMBITIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Lewandowski Witold , Fonrobert Piotr
Published: December 2021

Transformations of economies occurring in particular countries reduce the number of manufacturers producing the articles for the armed forces basing exclusively on national capacities of industry and scientific-research background. Consolidation and restructure processes have been used as remedies of defence sector for many years. Some of them are launched by the management boards and the other ones by decisions of majority owners, represented in the case of Poland by the State Treasury. A question arises, if the country defence sector could realise the hopes put on it, in present situation of the national defence industry and with its role in the system of national economy, and selection and quality of offered products, and the level of used technological solutions. Presented paper is an attempt to analyse the state of the Polish defence industry committed by authors representing two different subjects and directly connected with condition and building up the defence potential of Poland.
The Quality of Practical Pedagogical Training During the Epidemic Through the Eyes of the Slovenian Physical Education Student Teachers
Authors: Markelj Neja , Potočnik Žan Luka , Jurak Gregor , Kovač Marjeta
Published: December 2021

In 2020, physical education teacher education (PETE) students of the Faculty of Sport of the University of Ljubljana (N = 46) had to complete a large part of the practical pedagogical training online. Using an online questionnaire, we investigated how they delivered distance learning in physical education (PE) at Primary Schools, the extent to which they achieved their objectives, encouraged students to move, delivered content, and assessed. The delivery mostly depended on whether the school included PE in the timetable. On average, most lessons took the form of independent student activity following written or recorded instructions, and the others took the form of online outdoor or indoor live classes. The latter were often used to give instructions, check tasks and motivate. Some schools organized at least one sports day (26%), active break (21%), or active class break (9%). Most student teachers chose different objectives compared to a traditional form of instruction: they emphasized the development of motor and functional abilities rather than the acquisition of new motor and social skills. All student teachers delivered physical fitness, followed by athletics (59%), dance and aerobics (43%), ball games (except volleyball 33%) were represented in a smaller proportion. 21% of the students taught content continuously. The assessment was done by 71.4% of the students (many of them only assessed the completion of the tasks) and evaluation by only 31.0%. They used a workout diary, videos or photos, or live conference calls. The average response rate was 71% for 1st-6th graders and 59% for 7th-9th graders. 21% did not attempt to reach non-responding students, while 10% indicated that they did not have problems with nonresponding.
Trainee Teachers’ Situational Motivation and Motivational Climate towards Physical Education Lessons during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chin Ngien Siong , Teo Boon Sian , Wee Eng Hoe
Published: December 2021

This study examined the trainee teachers’ situational motivation and motivational climate towards Physical Education lessons in primary schools during COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 160 trainee teachers comprising of 115 males and 45 female aged 21 to 26 years old (1.10±0.30) from two Institute of Teacher Education Campuses in Sarawak, Malaysia. The participants were administrated the Situational Motivation Scale (SIMS: Guay, Vallerand & Blanchard, 2000) and Teacher Initiated Motivational Climate in Physical Education Questionnaire (TIMCPEQ; Papaioannou, 1998). Descriptive analysis, independent-samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA and correlation were utilized. Independent-samples t-test indicated that there were no significant differences for all variables in SIMS and TIMCPEQ on gender and age groups. The one-way ANOVA was used to compare the effect on teaching methods in SIMS and TIMCPEQ. There was a significant difference in teacher-initiated mastery orientation for the three teaching methods, F(2,157)=3.31, p=0.04. Post-hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test revealed that the mean score for the online learning (3.87±0.78) was significantly different than the mixed methods (4.22±0.55). However, the face-to-face learning method (3.96±0.62) did not significantly differ from the online learning and mixed methods. Furthermore, two-way ANOVA was used to examine the effect of gender and age groups in SIMS and TIMCPEQ which revealed no significant main effect of gender and age groups. Additionally, there was no statistically significant interaction between gender × age groups for all variables in SIMS and TIMCPEQ. The findings revealed statistically significant positive relationship between the variables in SIMS and TIMCPEQ ranging from very weak (0.24) to very strong (0.90). The findings revealed the necessity for positive motivational climate through adaptive educational resources, alternative teaching approaches and methods that would support and motivate the trainee teachers, educators and students in the teaching and learning of PE during this challenging time.
Fitness, PA, Perceived Competence, Parental Support, and Literacy Outcomes in the REACH After-School Sports Program
Authors: Marttinen Risto , Wilson Kathleen , Johnston Kelly , Fredrick III Ray , Battistella Silvia , Ives Samantha , McAlister Kelsey
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the REACH program in increasing physical activity (PA) levels, cardiorespiratory fitness, perceived competence, self-efficacy, parental support, and literacy across a year-long after-school PA intervention. Participants (N = 78) were students who volunteered from after-school program at either one of the two intervention schools or the control schools. Data are presented from two time points: Baseline (Aug/Sep 2017), and Post (end of the school year in May 2018). Data consisted of PA levels measured by PAC-Q, PACER test, Harter’s Perceived Competence questionnaire, parental support, and literacy tests. School differences in post-intervention scores were found in three (parental support, literacy, PACER) of seven intervention-related measures. Most notably parental support was higher in intervention schools over the control and PACER scores were higher in one intervention school than the control. The results demonstrate that data collection methods may need to be reconsidered in diverse low-income schools. The dramatic amount of missing data and lack of student effort points to students perhaps being overwhelmed with standardized tests and performing tasks for researchers. This leads to a dilemma in data collection in after-school programs in low-income schools: researchers need data to understand what is happening but how are students being served by the data collection process? Researchers should consider new approaches to collect data in low-income urban after-school programs to limit loss of data and to make the data collection meaningful to student participants.
Spol and Rod from a Diachronic and Synchronic Perspective
Authors: Mihaljević Ana , Mihaljević Milica
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the diachronic and synchronic analysis of the use of Croatian words spol and rod and their Croatian Church Slavonic (polь, spolь, and rodь) and English (sex and gender) equivalents. The starting points for diachronic analysis are dictionaries and dictionary data, while the synchronic analysis is additionally based on the corpora and the Internet. The paper focuses on dictionary definitions of nouns rod and spol, adjectives rodni and spolni, the relation of Croatian terms rod and spol with English terms gender and sex, the terminology of sex/gender (non)discrimination, and ways of speaking about persons of non-binary gender.
First Names in a Social Context
Authors: Vidović Domagoj
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the influence of social change on the Croatian fond of first names is addressed. Once, first names served to indicate the belonging of an individual to a certain linguistic, religious or ethnic community; socio-political circumstances or affiliation with a place of origin were reflected in them, or they were a declaration of a certain social consciousness or political choice. From the second half of the 20th century onward, they have more often come to reflect individualization, and changes in the frequency of certain first names have become more evident. Male first names are more traditional and susceptible to the rules of inheritance, even though social circumstances are more strongly reflected in them, while female names are more open to more frequent change and to foreign linguistic systems.
Correlation-based and feature-driven mutation signature analyses to identify genetic features associated with DNA mutagenic processes in cancer genomes
Authors: Jeong Hye Young , Yoo Jinseon , Kim Hyunwoo , Kim Tae-Min
Published: December 2021

Mutation signatures represent unique sequence footprints of somatic mutations resulting from specific DNA mutagenic and repair processes. However, their causal associations and the potential utility for genome research remain largely unknown. In this study, we performed PanCancer-scale correlative analyses to identify the genomic features associated with tumor mutation burdens (TMB) and individual mutation signatures. We observed that TMB was correlated with tumor purity, ploidy, and the level of aneuploidy, as well as with the expression of cell proliferation-related genes representing genomic covariates in evaluating TMB. Correlative analyses of mutation signature levels with genes belonging to specific DNA damage-repair processes revealed that deficiencies of NHEJ1 and ALKBH3 may contribute to mutations in the settings of APOBEC cytidine deaminase activation and DNA mismatch repair deficiency, respectively. We further employed a strategy to identify feature-driven, de novo mutation signatures and demonstrated that mutation signatures can be reconstructed using known causal features. Using the strategy, we further identified tumor hypoxia-related mutation signatures similar to the APOBEC-related mutation signatures, suggesting that APOBEC activity mediates hypoxia-related mutational consequences in cancer genomes. Our study advances the mechanistic insights into the TMB and signature-based DNA mutagenic and repair processes in cancer genomes. We also propose that feature-driven mutation signature analysis can further extend the categories of cancer-relevant mutation signatures and their causal relationships.
Statistical models and computational tools for predicting complex traits and diseases
Authors: Chung Wonil
Published: December 2021

Predicting individual traits and diseases from genetic variants is critical to fulfilling the promise of personalized medicine. The genetic variants from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including variants well below GWAS significance, can be aggregated into highly significant predictions across a wide range of complex traits and diseases. The recent arrival of large-sample public biobanks enables highly accurate polygenic predictions based on genetic variants across the whole genome. Various statistical methodologies and diverse computational tools have been introduced and developed to computed the polygenic risk score (PRS) more accurately. However, many researchers utilize PRS tools without a thorough understanding of the underlying model and how to specify the parameters for the best performance. It is advantageous to study the statistical models implemented in computational tools for PRS estimation and the formulas of parameters to be specified. Here, we review a variety of recent statistical methodologies and computational tools for PRS computation.