bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Kepemimpinan KH Muhammad Ridwan dalam Pengembangan Dakwah di Pondok Pesantren Al-Islamiyyah
Authors: Ulumudin Ahmad Dian , Ulumudin Ahmad Dian
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode yang digunakan pimpinan pesantren, untuk mengetahui program-program dan bentuk peran pimpinan pesantren dalam pengembangan dakwah di Pesantren. Penelitian ini berlandaskan pada sebuah teori hasibuan bahwa kepemimpinan merupakan intisari manajemen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode deskriftip karena metode ini dipandang relevan untuk menggali dan menganalisis fenomena empiris yang terjadi dijaman sekarang. Teknik penelitian yang digunakan adalan dengan observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dalam analisis datanya menggunakan jenis analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukan bahwa dalam mengembangkan dakwah di Pondok Pesantren KH Muhammad Ridwan mengambil keputusan dengan metode yang tidak lepas dari standar dakwah, memperhatikan lingkungan dan kemampuan dewan kiai atau dewan guru, menjalankan program-program yang telah direncanakan dengan objek yang menyeluruh.  Bentuk peran yang di gunakan sebagai pimpinan semuanya sesuai dengan kondisi para santri guru dan masyarakat. Hal demikian di pandang mampu dalam pengembangan dakwah dipesantren dengan peran pemimpin sebagai individu terbaik bagi kelompoknya, sebagai tauladan bagi anggota dalam oraganisasinya dan sebagai pemimpin imformal di Pesantren dan di lingkungan masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: Peran; Kepemimpinan; Pesantren

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine how the methods used by leaders of pesantren, to find out the programs and forms of role of leaders of pesantren in developing da'wah in Pesantren. This research is based on a theory of fate that leadership is the essence of management. The method used in this study is to use a descriptive method because this method is considered relevant to explore and analyze empirical phenomena that occur today. The research technique used is observations, interviews, documentation, in the analysis of data using qualitative data analysis types. The results of research conducted show that in developing da'wah at the Islamic Boarding School KH Muhammad Ridwan took decisions with methods that can not be separated from the standards of preaching, pay attention to the environment and the ability of the kiai council or teacher council, run programs that have been planned with a comprehensive object. The forms of roles used as leaders are all in accordance with the conditions of the students, teachers and the community. This is seen as being able to develop da'wah in the pesantren with the role of the leader as the best individual for the group, as a role model for members in their organizations and as an informal leader in the pesantren and in the community.

Keywords: Leadership; Role forms; Pesantren
Past Its Prime? A Methodological Overview and Critique of Religious Priming Research in Social Psychology
Authors: Watanabe Shoko , Laurent Sean M.
Published: September 2020

Social psychologists have frequently used priming methodologies to explore how religion can impact behaviour. Despite this, no consensus currently exists on whether religious priming effects are replicable or consistently observed across a range of spiritual beliefs. Moreover, mixed evidence highlights possible methodological shortcomings within the priming literature as well as theoretical ambiguity regarding the contents of different primes. The current article examines four types of religious priming methodologies that are frequently used in social-psychological research (explicit, implicit, subliminal, and contextual) and critically inspects the current landscape of the religious priming literature. We highlight theoretical issues and suggest methodological improvements that should facilitate a clearer understanding of when and how religion influences human behaviour.
A Validation of the Korean Version of Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (K-ATTID)
Authors: Park Seung Hee ,   The Korean Society of Special Education, Kim Youkyung
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the Korean Version of the Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (K-ATTID) with Korean disability-related professionals and lay people. The Attitudes Toward Intellectual Disability Questionnaire (ATTID) was developed by Morin, Crocker, Beaulieu-Bergeron, and Caron (2013) to measure the multidimensional attitudes towards persons with intellectual disabilities. First, a preliminary inventory with 67 items was made through a translation (English to Korean) and a back-translation procedure prior to data collection. In the preliminary study, item analysis and content validity were conducted with data from 50 lay people and professionals living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. Second, in order to identify a factor structure of the final inventory, this study collected data from 722 professionals and lay people living in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, and examined a construct validity through the confirmatory factor analysis. Thirty-one items were discarded because there was a problem in reliability and factor loading. Three factors, cognitive attitude, affective attitude, and behavioral attitude were extracted from the items; this was a different finding from the original scale with five factors. With a sample of 722, the results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the three-factor model was fit for the data with 36 items. Contrary to the original questionnaire, the higher the score on the items and factors, the more positive was the attitude toward persons with intellectual disability. The internal consistency of the questionnaire is 0.928. This study’s attempt to validate the ATTID is significant in terms of presenting a first reliable instrument (K-ATTID) to measure multidimensional attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities in South Korea. The use of the K-ATTID by lay people, professionals, and para-professionals can promote the importance of positive attitudes toward individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Mothers’ Rearing Experiences and their Needs for Children with Physical and Multiple Disabilities
Authors:   The Korean Society of Special Education, Hong Jeong Suk , Pyo Yun Hui
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate mothers’ rearing experiences of children with
physical and multiple disabilities, and to search for ways to support children with physical and multiple disabilities. A total of nine mothers of children with physical and multiple disabilities participated in this study using a purposive sampling. The research design consisted of six in-depth interview sessions including individual interviews of five participants and focus group interviews for four participants in consideration of the participants’ schedule. The interview time per session was 1-2 hours. The results presented the mothers’ rearing experiences (both positive and negative factors) about children with physical and multiple disabilities, current practices, and requirements to support children with physical and multiple disabilities. Based on these results, suggestions to facilitate the quality of education, rearing, and care for children with physical and multiple disabilities were discussed.
As repercussões no cotidiano de mães de bebês internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal durante a medida de isolamento social para evitar contágio por COVID-19
Authors: Da Silva Dittz Erika , Leão da Silveira Rocha Amanda
Published: September 2020

Introdução: A pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus trouxe repercussões para o cenário mundial e as principais formas de controle da doença tem sido as medidas de prevenção, nas quais se insere o isolamento social. A necessidade de isolamento modifica o funcionamento típico das famílias e impacta no seu cotidiano, além das repercussões psicológicas e sociais inerentes ao contexto. Vivenciar esse momento de pandemia concomitante à internação do recém-nascido contribui para o distanciamento materno do seu cotidiano e pode impactar negativamente em seu psiquismo. Objetivo: Conhecer as repercussões do isolamento social no cotidiano de mães de bebês internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) durante a pandemia por COVID-19. Método: Estudo descritivo-exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em um Hospital filantrópico de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais e que teve como participantes 15 mães de bebês internados na UTIN. Utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada e os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: Verificou-se que as mães possuem conhecimentos e informações gerais sobre a COVID-19 e percebem as mudanças que passaram a fazer parte do cotidiano. Os aspectos emocionais relacionados à condição de ter um bebê internado na UTIN foram intensificados além de repercutir na forma como as mães participavam do cuidado do bebê. Conclusão: A pandemia trouxe repercussões no cotidiano dessas mães e reconhece-se a necessidade de fornecer informações eficazes, proporcionar às famílias um local de escuta ativa e auxiliar no manejo do próprio cuidado e do cuidado do bebê de forma segura, favorecendo as ocupações relativas à maternidade.
Revealing Cluster Structures Based on Mixed Sampling Frequencies
Authors: Rho Yeonwoo , Liu Yun , Ahn Hie Joo
Published: September 2020

This paper proposes a new nonparametric mixed data sampling (MIDAS) model and develops a framework to infer clusters in a panel regression with mixed frequency data. The nonparametric MIDAS estimation method is more flexible and substantially simpler to implement than competing approaches. We show that the proposed clustering algorithm successfully recovers true membership in the cross-section, both in theory and in simulations, without requiring prior knowledge of the number of clusters. This methodology is applied to a mixed-frequency Okun's law model for state-level data in the U.S. and uncovers four meaningful clusters based 10 on the dynamic features of state-level labor markets.
EXPOSURE TO LIQUIDITY RISK AND EQUITY RETURNS IN BORSA ISTANBUL
Authors: Gunaydin A. Doruk
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the equity exposure to liquidity risk factors in Borsa Istanbul between 1992-2015. Stock level cross-sectional regression and univariate portfolio analysis are utilized to examine the predictive ability of liquidity risk in Turkish markets. The widest range of illiquidity proxies are used to test this effect. Cross-sectional regression analyses show that illiquidity betas predict expected equity returns. This relation remains robust when well-known priced factors are controlled for. The univariate portfolio analysis documents that equities that are more sensitive to illiquidity shocks generate 5% higher annualized returns than those that are less sensitive to liquidity shocks. Hence, these findings show that liquidity exposure is indeed priced for equity returns in Borsa Istanbul.
AİLELERİN KONUT VE ÇEVRESEL KALİTE MEMNUNİYETİNE ETKİ EDEN FAKTÖRLERİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ŞEKEROĞLU Bengü , ÖZTOP Hülya
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırma; ailelerin konut ve çevresine ilişkin özelliklerden duydukları memnuniyet düzeyinin belirlenmesi, konut ve çevresine ilişkin memnuniyetlerine etki eden faktörlerin incelenmesi ve gelecekte planlanacak konutlara ilişkin memnuniyetin arttırılması için ilgili kurum ve kuruluşlara geçerli önerilerde bulunmak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini çalışmaya katılmayı gönüllü olarak kabul eden ve tabakalı örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen 420 birey oluşmaktadır. Çalışmada konut ve çevresine ilişkin memnuniyeti ölçmek için araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Konut ve Çevresel Kalite Memnuniyet Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Ölçek fiziksel memnuniyet, çevresel memnuniyet ve erişilebilirlik memnuniyeti alt boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Fiziksel memnuniyet alt boyutunda en önemli değişkenin “mutfağın büyüklüğü”, çevresel memnuniyet alt boyutunda “yangın yönetmeliğine uygunluk” ve erişilebilirlik memnuniyeti alt boyutunda en önemli değişkenin “sağlık olanaklarına yakınlık durumu” olduğu saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte gelir durumu ile fiziksel memnuniyet, çocuk sahibi olma ile erişilebilirlik memnuniyeti arasındaki ortalama farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu, konut büyüklüğü ile fiziksel, çevresel ve erişilebilirlik memnuniyeti arasındaki ortalama farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir.
PAY GETİRİLERİNDE LİKİDİTE AZLIK PRİMİ ETKİSİ: BORSA İSTANBUL UYGULAMASI
Authors: KAHRAMAN Elif , BANK Semra
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, likidite azlık priminin mevcudiyetinin Borsa İstanbul (BIST) Pay Piyasası’nda araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç kapsamında, likidite azlık primi, Ocak 2002-Eylül 2018 dönem aralığında, sıfır getirili ölçüt ve likidite azlık ölçütü (ILLIQ) aracılığıyla, Acharya ve Pedersen (2005) Likidite Ayarlı Finansal Varlık Fiyatlandırma Modeli (LFVFM) üzerinden regresyon analizi ile test edilmiştir. Likidite azlık göstergelerine göre oluşturulan 20 adet portföyden elde edilen analiz sonuçları BIST Pay Piyasası’nda ilgili dönem aralığında likidite azlık priminin beklenen getiri oranı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Diğer bir ifadeyle, elde edilen bulgular, yatırımcı kararları ile likidite azlık primi arasında bir ilişki olmadığı yönündedir.
Neurocisticercosis: Caso clínico
Authors: Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar J.
Published: September 2020

La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una infección parasitaria del sistema nervioso causada por la Taenia Solium. Caso clínico: Paciente de 42 años con cefalea, quien durante el examen presentó convulsión tónico clónica generalizada. La tomografía y la resonancia mostraba imágenes compatibles con nerocisticercosis, adicionalmente el test de Elisa en LCR dio positivo para T. Solium. Discusión: Es una entidad de baja prevalencia, se caracteriza por la presencia de quistes parasitarios en tejido cerebral. Se puede clasificar en parenquimatosa, subaracnoidea, ventricular, espinal y/o mixta. El diagnostico se oriente desde la presencia de factores de riesgo, el cuadro clínico y los hallazgos imagenológicos. El tratamiento es necesario con albendazol.
Compuestos inorgánicos en el ambiente. Secuencia de enseñanza y aprendizaje (SEA) para desarrollar pensamiento crítico en su aprendizaje
Authors: Vega Gómez Yessika Paola , Callejas Restrepo Maria Mercedez
Published: September 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en la institución educativa Liceo Fesán de Bogotá con estudiantes de grado décimo que tuvo como propósito relacionar el currículo de la clase de Química con la educación ambiental. Se plantearon tres fases: la aplicación de un pretest, una Secuencia de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje (SEA) y la aplicación de un postest. Se utilizó el test de Halpern que permitió caracterizar algunas de las habilidades de pensamiento crítico y se elaboró una sea para fortalecer los procesos argumentativos de los estudiantes de grado décimo en el aprendizaje de los compuestos inorgánicos y su impacto en el ambiente a través del desarrollo de competencias de pensamiento crítico. Esta investigación se desarrolla en relación con los ejes uno y dos del proyecto cytpencri, en la cual se aplican instrumentos didácticos para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y la argumentación. Se concluye que la intervención didáctica sí promueve un cambio en las habilidades de pensamiento crítico y una relación entre la educación ambiental y el currículo de química
Contribuição de uma controvérsia sobre transgenia para a formação crítica de alunos do ensino médio
Authors: Ferreira Spolidoro Marcello Miranda , Chrispino Alvaro
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta um estudo de caso cujo objetivo foi investigar o impacto de uma controvérsia no entendimento do tema transgenia em estudantes de ensino médio de um colégio público. A prática foi pensada com intenção de explorar cinco dimensões de um campo conhecido como Pensamento Crítico. O tema transgenia foi escolhido de forma estratégica, pois serviu de base para tratar de questões tecnocientíficas relativas ao campo CTS de ensino. A metodologia utilizada para coleta de dados contou com a aplicação de questionários (PIEARCTS e HCTA) pré e pós controvérsia, além do registro das falas dos participantes durante e após a prática.  Foram aplicados os mesmos questionários em uma turma controle, porém, sem a realização da controvérsia. Os resultados mostraram não haver diferenças significativas entre os índices gerados pelo PIEARCTS, mas sim para certas dimensões do Pensamento medidas pelo HCTA. Neste caso, para identificar as diferenças, foram realizadas análises globais dos questionários, seguido de análises específicas por categorias e, finalmente, análises específicas pelo tipo de pergunta. Quanto ao registro das falas dos estudantes, consideramos que estas foram fundamentais para identificar criticidade na maneira de encarar uma temática tão polêmica quanto à dos transgênicos, favorecendo reflexões complementares a respeito da metodologia aplicada.
On diagonal locally SL-groups
Authors: Bezushchak Oksana
Published: September 2020

Let N be the set of natural numbers. Let F be a field. In [1], we introduced a class of groups SL^p_s (F) and GL^p_s (F) of periodic infinite (N \times N)–matrices that correspond to a Steinitz number s: In this paper we introduce a wider class of diagonal locally SL–groups and GL–groups and study their relations with locally matrix algebras. In particular, we show that every separable–diagonal locally SL–group (respectively GL–group) is isomorphic to a group SL^p_s (F) (respectively GL^p_s (F)).
Asymptotic normality of the least squares estimate in trigonometric regression with strongly dependent noise
Authors: Drabyk T. O. , Ivanov O. V.
Published: September 2020

The least squares estimator asymptotic properties of the parameters of trigonometric regression model with strongly dependent noise are studied. The goal of the work lies in obtaining the requirements to regression function and time series that simulates the random noise under which the least squares estimator of regression model parameters are asymptotically normal. Trigonometric regression model with discrete observation time and open convex parametric set is research object. Asymptotic normality of trigonometric regression model parameters the least squares estimator is research subject. For obtaining the thesis results complicated concepts of time series theory and time series statistics have been used, namely: local transformation of Gaussian stationary time series, stationary time series with singular spectral density, spectral measure of regression function, admissibility of singular spectral density of stationary time series in relation to this measure, expansions by Chebyshev-Hermite polynomials of the transformed Gaussian time series values and it’s covariances, central limit theorem for weighted vector sums of the values of such a local transformation and Brouwer fixed point theorem.
Current data on early diagnosis of West syndrome. Electroencephalographic evolution of hypsarrhythmia
Authors: Aysina Victoriya A. , Kuzenkova Lyudmila M. , Kozhevnikova Olga V.
Published: September 2020

The review of current ideas about the early diagnosis of West syndrome is presented in terms of electroencephalography data based on a characterization of the period of prehypsarrhythmia preceding the appearance of the pattern of hypsarrhythmia. There are considered examples of our observations. Also, our data from a study of a group of children with hypsarrhythmia are described. A lot of studies of clinical manifestations and neurophysiological aspects of West syndrome have been conducted after the onset of clinical manifestations in the form of spasms, and variants of the transformation of West syndrome have been reported. On the other hand, very few studies of its clinical and electroencephalographic evolution have been conducted since the prehypsarrhythmic stage. The opportunity to reliably identify this precursor period would be the first step towards early diagnosis of West syndrome. Early prediction and subsequent intervention in West syndrome will have significant predictive value. A retrospective analysis of 68 electroencephalographic studies was conducted at the

National Medical Research Center for childrens health. Based on the preliminary data of our study, we can distinguish a period of 1 to 3 months, during which in most children, the EEG pattern from prehypsarrhythmic in the form of multi-regional epileptiform activity with an average representation index or regional epileptiform activity in the parietal-occipital-posterior parts with a low representation index transforms to a pattern of hypsarrhythmia. It seems appropriate to recommend that newborns with structural brain disorders, premature infants, children with multi-regional epileptiform activity, with regional epileptiform activity in the parietal-occipital-posterior parts (even low index) to be observed with regular video EEG monitoring at least once every 1-2 months, to early detect the pattern of hypsarrhythmia and West syndrome.
Optimization of Medicinal Treatment of Patients with Glaucoma in Combination with Concurrent System Pathology. Part 1: Cardiovascular Pathology
Authors: Zhuravleva A. N. , Zueva M. V. , Shustov E. B.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents clinical and pharmacological drug interactions for the treatment of patients with glaucoma combined with concurrent cardiovascular pathology, risks of side effects, and adverse drug reactions. The article discusses the multifactor nature of glaucoma, age factors, and the direction of local and systemic pathogenetic treatment, principles of the personified approach, and its feasibility. It is shown that an essential element of this approach can be a system of questionnaires for glaucoma patients with chronic diseases, the principal place in which is occupied by a questionnaire filled out by the patient himself. Digital processing of individual data and assessments provided by patients allows us to implement the tasks of a personalized approach to the treatment. Analysis of the pharmacological effects of the available and used arsenal of medicinal products allows you to generalize the array of data obtained, to form model algorithms for deciding by an ophthalmologist on the choice of medications. In scheme optimizing of the prescribed medications, it is important to cross-inform between specialists of different profiles (ophthalmologists, therapists, neurologists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, rheumatologists, etc.), create an algorithm for entering the medications of choice and their rational combinations, which reduces the risk of polypragmasia. Possible causes of progression of glaucoma optic neuropathy (GON) against the background of age-related systemic diseases (using the example of the cardiovascular system’s pathology) are considered. Ways of influencing the pathogenetic links of the glaucomatous process are proposed from the standpoint of an optimal combination of medications. Analysis of literature on the problem of structural and functional disorders in GON’s development shows that it is promising to expand our understanding of the fundamental processes underlying these changes, search for clinically significant combinations of contemporary markers of changes in structure and function, and, accordingly, treatment approaches. The possibilities of neuroprotection of glaucoma optical neuropathy, as well as modern methods of electrophysiological research in the monitoring assessment of its effectiveness and the differential diagnosis, approaches to enhance the effectiveness of medications treatment with combined medications are analyzed in the article.
Structural and Functional Disorders in Glaucoma: the Prospects for Preclinical Diagnosis. Part 1. Is the Search for what Comes First Relevant?
Authors: Neroev V. V. , Zueva M. V. , Zhuravleva A. N. , Tsapenko I. V.
Published: September 2020

The review analyzes the capabilities of modern technologies of structural neuroimaging of the retina, standard perimetry, and studies of ocular blood flow in the early diagnosis and management of glaucoma. The relevance of the search for those structural and functional changes that are primary in the development of glaucomatous optical neuropathy (GON) and the diagnostic method that has the greatest clinical significance is discussed. Progress in understanding the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the expansion of scientific understanding of key risk factors for the development and progression of the disease, including genetic factors, can be crucially important to substantiate new strategies for preclinical diagnosis and the development of radically new approaches to personalized and preventive glaucoma therapy. However, the search for what arises most early with in primary open-angle glaucoma — changes in structure or function — will not have clinical relevance unless you take into account the capabilities of specific methods of structural and functional neuroimaging that represent information at various levels of organization of the visual system. The search for a single primary factor in the pathogenesis of GON can lead to an erroneous exaggeration of the close relationship between the variables being studied, which in reality either does not exist as a causal relationship or is significantly less than what is supposed — the phenomenon called “illusory correlation”. The reliable diagnosis of early changes that occur before the clinical manifestation of glaucoma is most likely to be based on a combination of structural, functional, and hemodynamic indicators, aimed not only to increase the sensitivity of diagnosis in detecting the earliest events in the development of GON, but rather to dramatically improve the understanding and quality of interpretation of those markers that we own.
Method of the Cyclotorsion Error Compensation for Myopic Astigmatism during SMILE Surgery
Authors: Gamidov G. A. , Mushkova I. A. , Kostenev S. V. , Gamidov A. A.
Published: September 2020

Purpose: to develop an effective and safe method of cyclotorsion compensation, to improve the clinical and functional results of the of myopic astigmatism correction with SMILE surgery.

Patients and methods: Two equivalent groups of 30 people (30 eyes) were formed with cyclotorsion from ±5 degrees («Standard» and «Verion»). The correction for cyclotorsion was carried out only in the «Verion» group. Before the laser-refraction surgery, all eyes were examined using «Verion» image guided system (Alcon, USA) to determine cyclotorsion. In the «Verion» group, the obtained cyclotorsion data was used to aligement the astigmatism axis by Introducing into the «Visumax» femtolaser system. Further, the operation was carried out according to the standard protocol. At 3 months after SMILE surgery, all patients were examined by a UDVA, CDVA, objective refraction. Furthermore, efficiency and safety, as well as vector analysis of corneal astigmatism according to Alpins were calculated indices at 3 months after surgery.

Results: The mean and standard deviation of cyclotorsion of the «Standard» and «Verion» groups was 6.16 ± 1.31 D and 6.30 ± 1.36 degrees, respectively (p > 0.05). The increasement of 1 or more UDVA lines was noted at 20 % and 7 %, respectively after 3 months in the «Standard» and «Verion» groups. The safety index (postoperative UDVA / preoperative UDVA) in both groups was not statistically significantly different (p > 0.05). The predictability of the spherical equivalent within ±0.5 D relative to the target refraction (emmetropia) in the «Standard» and «Verion» groups was 70 % and 100 %, respectively. The predictability of the cylindrical component of refraction within ±0.5 D relative to the target refraction (emmetropia) was 40 % and 90 % for the «Standard» and «Verion» groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Difference vector was 1.01 ± 0.59 D in the group «Standard» and 0.64 ± 0.33 D in the «Verion» group (p < 0.05). Correction index was 0.80 ± 0.43 in the «Standard» group and 0.99 ± 0.04 in the «Verion» group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Сyclotorsion compensation using the «Verion» image guided system is a safe method. It improves the efficiency and predictability of correction myopic astigmatism in patient undergoing to SMILE surgery. This method recommended for patients with cyclotorsion from ±5 degrees and myopic astigmatism from –0.75 D.
Role of Gestational Hypertension and Preeclampsia as Risk Factors for Formation of Vascular Disorders of Retina in Remote Period after Delivery
Authors: Kolenko O. V. , Sorokin E. L. , Khodzhaev N. S. , Pomytkina N. V. , Chizhova G. V. , Pashentsev Ya. E. , Kolenko L. E.
Published: September 2020

Purpose. To study the correlation between pregnancy, complicated by preeclampsia and gestational hypertension (GH), and formation of retinal vascular and optic nerve disorders in the late postpartum period.

Patients and methods. 231 women with different previous pregnancy variants of pathology. Exclusion criteria — presence of systemic endocrine, autoimmune, rheumatic pathology before pregnancy; bad habits. Four groups were formed. 1st main group: pregnancy with GH. 2nd main group: pregnancy with preeclampsia. 1st comparison group: pregnancy on the background of pre-existing hypertension, without proteinuria. 2nd comparison group: edema and/or proteinuria during pregnancy, without hypertension. The control group — physiological process of pregnancy. Period of ophthalmological examination after pregnancy is 6–12 years.

Results. Development of various vascular and ischemic disorders of posterior eye segment occurred in 70 women (30.3 %). The periods of their formation after previous pregnancy varied from 3 to 11 years. Their frequency in the 1st and 2nd main groups was statistically significantly higher. The most common were retinal vein occlusion and post-thrombotic retinopathy. The negative outcomes of transferred GH and preeclampsia are no eliminated with delivery and can manifest next years and even decades after it.

Conclusion. Нigh risk factors for development of vascular and ischemic disorders of posterior eye segment are transferred preeclampsia, especially with its early onset (20–24 weeks), or premature birth (26–28 weeks); pregnancy, complicated by GH. The risk of developing this eye pathology is highest in women aged 38–40 years and over.
Application of the Modified Вagolini Test in the Diagnosis of Binocular Vision Disorders
Authors: Rychkova S. I. , Likhvantseva V. G.
Published: September 2020

The work is devoted to one of the most actual problems of current strabismology — the development of effective ways to study binocular vision.

The purpose — to study the effectiveness of the developed modification of the Bagolini test in the diagnostics of binocular disorders.

Patients and methods. 240 patients with non-paralytic strabismus aged from 6 to 17 (on average 10.8 ± 0.24) years were observed. There were 190 patients with converging strabismus and 50 patients with diverging strabismus. The control group consisted of 180 children aged also from 6 to 17 (on average 10.9 ± 0.3) years without ophthalmopathology. All children were examined for the character of vision using a Worth-test, the classic Bagolini test (CTB), and the developed modified Bagolini test (MTB). If the patient has a strabismus angle, the study was performed in two variants: without prismatic deviation compensation (under the subjective angle of strabismus — SU) and under full prismatic compensation (under the objective angle of strabismus — OU). For qualitative assessment of binocular vision with MTB, static presentation of the test image was used, for quantitative assessment — alternating (alternate presentation of details corresponding to the right and left eyes).

Results. The qualitative evaluation data obtained with the help of MTB made it possible to differentiate patients with non-permanent regional functional scotoma of suppression (FSP) and patients with stable bifoveal fusion among children with binocular vision by color test, and to distinguish patients with regional stable FSP and total FSP among children with monocular vision by color test. In the study under SU, the sensitivity of the method was 97.8 % and specificity 96.2 %, under OU — 96.6 % and 92.7 %, correspondingly. Using quantitative evaluation, it was found that the minimum duration of monocular phases required to eliminate functional inhibition in children with total FSP is twice as long as in children with regional FSP (z = 6,303, df 52, p < 0.001 according to the Mann — Whitney criterion).

Conclusion. Thus, the modified Bagolini test developed by us is an effective way of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the state of binocular vision. The method has a high sensitivity and specificity, combines the capabilities of anaglyphic and phase haploscopy, and can be used for a personalized approach to the selection of conditions and modes of functional correction of binocular disorders, as well as for monitoring binocular vision during treatment.
Using of Hypercorrection in Diagnostics and Functional Treatment of Children with Strabismus
Authors: Rychkova S. I. , Likhvantseva V. G.
Published: September 2020

Conjunctival lymphomas are predominantly extranodal B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), most of them are MALT-lymphomas originating from the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. The paper is devoted to the study of the feasibility of using hypercorrection in the functional treatment of children with non-paralytic strabismus.

The purpose of this work is evaluation of the effectiveness of hypercorrection in the diagnosis and functional treatment of children with non-paralytic strabismus. Patients and methods. We observed 166 school-age children with friendly strabismus: 140 children with esotropia (134 children with hypermetropic refraction and 6 children with myopic refraction) and 26 children with exotropia (17 children with myopic refraction and 9 children with hypermetropic refraction). The control group of children included 151 school-age children with ametropia without strabismus: 110 children with hypermetropia and 41 children with myopia. Optimal optical correction, accommodation and visual acuity were studied under monocular observation conditions and then under bifixation control using a binarimeter at different distances from the eyes (0.5, 1, and 5 m).

Results. In children with esotropia and hypermetropic refraction, the most favorable conditions for the formation of a binocular visual image (BVI) were created using hypercorrection (average values from 2.4 ± 0.06 to 2.8 ± 0.06 D for different distances from the eyes). Children with exotropia and myopic refraction also needed hypercorrection to form BVI (Me = 2.5 [Q1 = 2.0; Q3 = 3.0] D at all distances from the eyes). At the same time, a strong positive correlation was found between the deviation value and the hypercorrection value necessary for the formation of BVI in children with both esotropia and exotropua (r = 0.85, p < 0.001 and r = 0.8, p < 0.001, respectively). In children with “inappropriate” refraction (myopic with esotropia and hypermetropic — with exotropia), BVI was easier to occur and better maintained under hypocorrection by an average of 1.75 ± 0.06 d. In the control group of children, the maximum visual acuity under the control of BVI was observed with the strength of correcting lenses 0.5 D less compared to monocular conditions of the study.

Conclusion. The effectiveness of using hypercorrection in children with non-paralytic strabismus and “appropriate” refraction for the formation of BVI on a binarimeter is shown. In this case, the value of hypercorrection has a direct dependence on the value of deviation, which is consistent with the principles of accommodation-convergent synkinesia. In children with non-paralytic strabismus and “inappropriate” refraction, more favorable conditions for the formation of BVI are created when using hypocorrection. The result of functional treatment on a binarimeter with an individual selection of optimal optics for performing exercises is an improvement of accommodation, binocular and stereo vision, an increase of fusion reserves and visual acuity.
Experimental in vitro Comparative Study of Chromovitectomy Agents Cyto- and Phototoxicity
Authors: Kislitsyna N. M. , Novikov S. V. , Perova N. V. , Kolesnik S. V. , Kolesnik A. I. , Veselkova M. P.
Published: September 2020

Intravitreal use of vital dyes in combination with the action of endoillumination can induce a cyto- and phototoxic effect on posterior eye segment structures. The search for a staining agent with a maximum safety profile to retinal structures, intensively and selectively coloring vitreous body and vitreoretinal interface structure, remains relevant.

Objective: to determine comparative viability of NIH / 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell culture with traditional agents for chromovitrectomy and “Vitreocontrast” suspension with and without endovitreal illumination.

Materials and methods. NIH / 3T3 mouse fibroblast cultures contacted with agents for chromovitrectomy (MembraneBlue® Dual, Triamcinolone acetonide, “Vitreocontrast” suspension) and the corresponding controls in a volume of 50 μl / well. The test plate was irradiated with a Photon II illuminator (Synergetics, USA), working distance of 5 mm. The control tablet with the introduced preparations was not exposed to light. Next, the cells were washed and incubated, after which the morphology and lysis of the cells, as well as the number of proliferating relatively negative control of fibroblasts, were evaluated using the vital dye PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent. Negative control was the complete growth medium for the cultivation of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 line. The results of the cytotoxic reaction of a culture of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 line were interpreted using the table “The degree of cell response”.

Results. Studies have shown that exposure to a source of endovitual illumination does not affect the cytotoxic effect of TA suspension and MembraneBlue® Dual dye. The TA suspension, both after light source and without it, has a moderate cytotoxic effect, and MembraneBlue® Dual has no cytotoxic effect on the culture of mouse fibroblasts of the NIH / 3T3 strain. Without light, “Vitreocontrast” suspension does not have cytotoxic effect on mouse fibroblasts culture NIH / 3T3 line. Light irradiation for 1 h increases the cytotoxicity of “Vitreocontrast” suspension to the level of unsharp cytotoxicity allowed by ISO Standard 10993-5-2011.

Conclusion. The safety profile of MembraneBlue® Dual and “Vitreocontrast” suspension allows them to be recommended for use in endovitreal surgery. The cyto- and phototoxicity demonstrated in the experiment with TA suspension can reduce the functional outcomes of retinal surgery.
Causes of Iris Depigmentation in Young and Middle Age. Clinical Example
Authors: Trubilin V. N. , Poluninа E. G. , Chinenova K. V. , Andzhelova D. V. , Kurenkov V. V. , Kapkova S. G.
Published: September 2020

The spontaneous change of eyes’ color is a quite rare complain in ophthalmological clinical practice for young and middle-aged patients. We consulted the 18-year-old patient complained that a month ago she noticed a change of the iris’ color. It was symmetrical in both eyes, which had lightened and acquired a “spotty appearance”. Before the appearance of these complaints, the patient had eyes of a rich dark brown color. After a comprehensive examination, the bilateral acute iris depigmentation (BADI) was diagnosed. BADI is bilateral symmetrical iris depigmentation followed by focal or diffuse stromal atrophy and pigment dispersion in the anterior segment. It is more common for young and middle-aged women, and is often asymptomatic. BADI has bilateral symmetrical iris depigmentation followed by focal or diffuse stromal atrophy and pigment dispersion in the anterior eye segment of the eye, which may affect the trabecular network. A feature of this disease is the absence of transillumination, changes in the shape of the pupil, and an inflammatory reaction. In some cases, repigmentation may occur spontaneously during the next few years. Therefore, from a prognostic point this disease has a favorable prognosis. However, patients with BADI syndrome should undergo regular ophthalmological examinations, including measurement of intraocular pressure to exclude the development of secondary open-angle pigmented glaucoma, and use sunglasses when the sun is bright. BADI syndrome must be differentiated with the following diseases: Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis, viral iridocyclitis caused by HSV and CMV, pigment dispersion syndrome and pseudo exfoliative glaucoma, as well as bilateral acute iris transillumination (BAIT) syndrome to make a correct diagnosis and apply adequate treatment tactics.
Multi-component plasma fluid approach to sparking enhanced burns as a complication of diathermy
Authors: Radmilovic-Radjenovic Marija , Radjenovic Branislav
Published: September 2020

Background: The effects of electric currents flowing through a human body vary from no perceptible to severe tissue injury caused by the electrosurgical spark. Although modern electrodes have been designed to minimize this complication, it was reported that burns have accounted for 70% of the injuries during electro surgery. Some risks of complications depend on a surgeon's knowledge of instruments and safety aspects of technical equipment. The use of alcohol and spirit-based skin preparation solutions brings another risk of burn injuries.Methods: Apart from the experimental methods, computer modelling is shown to be an effective approach to improve the performance of electrosurgical procedure. The benefits of simulation assisted electro surgery include no ethical approval, low cost, safe and the most important removing conditions that may lead to tissue burns. Here, the onset of sparking between the electrosurgical electrodes has been studied by using the multi-component plasma fluid model. Results: It was found that the electrode shape significantly affects the sparking formation. The minimum voltage required for sparking has been achieved for cylinder-cylinder configuration, while for other arrangements breakdown voltages are higher. Electrical sparks do not occur equally in both directions between active and passive electrodes due to electrical asymmetries.Conclusions: This study is dealing with application of multi-component plasma fluid model in simulating sparks produced between electrosurgical electrodes of various shapes, materials and dimensions. Our simulation model offers substantially greater physical fidelity as compared to simulators that use simple geometry. The obtained results are applicable for prevention of potential complications during diathermy procedure.
Endoscopic thyroidectomy: a single institute prospective observational study in India
Authors: Srinivasan Uma Shanker , Nagarajan Swathanthra , Uchinthala Venkata Sai Srinivas , Venkatesh Mahesh Amara , Mekathoti Dheeraj Kumar , Muppa Viswanath , Are Karthik
Published: September 2020

Background: Endoscopic thyroidectomy (ET) is now an accepted treatment for benign and certain malignant thyroid diseases. It is clearly evident that ET is mainly done to lessen pain and avoid scar in the neck. Any procedure which involves using the endoscope to remove thyroid is often collectively called “endoscopic thyroidectomy.” In this article, we would like to share our institute experience in doing ET.Methods: We did ET on 85 patients from November 2014 to October 2019 mostly by the three-port technique. Preoperative assessment was done and surgery was done on those who met the inclusion criteria. All the cases were done with the insufflation of carbon dioxide gas. Per operative events were noticed and all the patients were followed up at least for 3 to 6 months postoperatively.Results: The mean age of the patient is 38 years and the majority are females (92.94%). Out of 85 cases, one case was converted to an open method (1.18%). The average operative time to complete the procedure was 67 minutes. Most of the cases were discharged on 2nd to 3rd postoperative days. Few patients had complications like hematoma/seroma formation, paresthesia over the infraclavicular region, skin thermal injury, vascular injury, and tracheal injury.Conclusion: ET gives excellent cosmesis and lessens the post-operative pain and thus lesser hospital stay even though the extent of the dissection is more than the conventional method. It has variable complications according to the techniques adopted and the size/volume of the surgically excised thyroid gland.
Initial assessment of mortality rates of burn patients in a tertiary care hospital by total body surface area, depth and facial burns, and its correlation with serial total leucocyte count
Authors: Balachandran Kavitha Jayanthi , Nirmalanandan Manoj Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: The pattern of burns in victims varies with the manner of infliction of burns. Age plays an important role in deciding the mortality and morbidity of burn victims. Other factors that decide the prognosis of burn victims are the total body surface area (TBSA), Depth of burns, and inhalational injury as evidenced by facial burns. Assessment of these epidemiological factors and inhalational injury can be done as a part of the initial evaluation. Such an assessment aid in resuscitation including emergent airway and decision making regarding the need for skin grafts or escharotomy. Serial measurement of total leucocyte count also helps in identifying the onset of infection and progress to septicaemia and increased mortality rates.Methods: As a part of the initial evaluation, we attempt to study the relation between TBSA, Depth of burns, facial burns, and total WBC count with mortality. A background of septicaemia was also noticed in the majority of patients.Results: For analysis, patients were divided into two groups- Survivors and Non-survivors. A fall in total WBC count coincided with the onset of sepsis and mortality. The other three factors also had a direct correlation with mortality rates.Conclusions: A scoring system constituting all the factors is essential as an initial diagnostic step and it will help in deciding early intubation, escharotomy, and aggressive fluid resuscitation.
Surgical management of varicose veins: a comparative analysis between radiofrequency ablation and open surgery with venous stripping
Authors: Naithani Vinay , Chanda Dinesh Kumar , Bhatiya Budhi Prakash , Sharma Ashok Kumar
Published: September 2020

Background: Varicose veins are a common condition affecting the lower limbs. Apart from having cosmetic problem, if not treated in time it can have some serious complications and are difficult to treat. Multiple modes of surgical management exist for the disease.Methods: This is a prospective clinical study, done over a period of 5-years, from February 2015 till February 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group I (n=103) included those who underwent open surgical treatment with venous stripping. Group II (n=104) included those who subjected to Radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Groups were selected with comparable physical parameters. Various parameters like bleeding, hematoma, blood requirement, postoperative inflammation, pain, numbness, mobilization, date of discharge and resuming duties were compared. All patients were followed up for 1year.Results: Majority of our patients belongs to age group 20-40 years with mean age of 35year in both groups. Male has dominance over female with male to female ratio 4:1. Noticed significant complication in group I than group II, such as bleeding (20:1), hematoma (5:0), inflammation (60:1) and blood requirement (1:0). In group II, noticed early mobilization of patient (1day v/s 3 days), discharge from hospital (1day v/s 5 days) and resuming duties (5 days v/s 2 weeks).Conclusion: RFA keeps an edge over open surgical treatment with venous stripping.