bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ АДСОРБАТОВ НА ПОВЕРХНОСТИ ПОЛИМЕРА С НИЗКОЙ СОРБЦИОННОЙ ЕМКОСТЬЮ ПРИ ПОМОЩИ ТЕРМОЛИНЗОВОЙ СПЕКТРОМЕТРИИ, "Журнал аналитической химии"
Authors: Недосекин Д.А. , Михеев И.В. , Волков Д.С. , Проскурнин М.А.
Published: August 2018

Термолинзовая спектрометрия в коаксиальном варианте применена для прямого определения адсор­батов на планарной поверхности полиэтилентерефталата (ПЭТФ). На примере исследования адсорб­ции трис(1,10-фенантролината) железа(II) на поверхности ПЭТФ показана возможность прямого измерения скорости адсорбции из растворов и определения параметров адсорбированного слоя. Изотерма адсорбции трис(1,10-фенантролината) железа(II) на поверхности ПЭТФ описывается уравнением Ленгмюра и линейна в интервале концентраций в растворе от 0.02 до 0.7 мМ. Метод расчета теплового возмущения в поверхностно-поглощающих твердых телах использован для практической интерпретации результатов исследования адсорбции, показана возможность определения трис(1,10-фенантролината) железа(II) на поверхности на уровне менее монослоя. Термолинзовая спектрометрия позволяет определить поглощение поверхностного слоя на уровне до 5 10-5 единиц оптической плотности, что соответствует поверхностной концентрации трис(1,10-фенантролината) железа(II) 2 10-13 моль/см2. На примере исследования адсорбции 4-(2-пиридилазо)резорцина на поверхности ПЭТФ показано, что в случае сильного поглощения поверхностного слоя возможно протекание процессов термодеструкции вещества и деформации подложки. Локальное повышение температуры в слое также подтверждено теоретическими расчетами.
ПАЛЕОАМИГДАЛА: СТРУКТУРА, ФУНКЦИИ И ГЕНОАРХИТЕКТОНИКА, "Успехи физиологических наук"
Authors: Ахмадеев А. В. , Леушкина Н. Ф. , Калимуллина Л.Б.
Published: August 2018

В обзоре впервые проведена систематизация данных литературы, характеризующих структурно-функциональную организацию палеоамигдалы с анализом сведений нейрогенетики, проливающих свет на геноархитектонику ее структур. Показано, что палеоамигдала представляет собой ге-тероморфный комплекс, в состав которого входят ядра, межуточная формация и палеокортекс. В процессе исторического развития организмов палеоамигдала формируется внутри обонятельного мозга как центр, деятельность которого связана с осуществлением хеморецепции, что предопределяет его включение в центральные механизмы организации стратегически важных форм поведения, обеспечивающих воспроизведение и самосохранение организмов. Данные литературы, характеризующие геноархитектонику палеоамигдалы, свидетельствуют о том, что источником ядерных, межуточных и палеокортикальных формаций являются субпаллидальные, вентропаллиальные и лате-ропаллиальные гистогенетические домены эмбрионального мозга. В целом, данные нейрогенетики, указывая на множественность исходных гистогенетических доменов, свидетельствуют о правильности ранее высказанной концепции (Акмаев, Калимуллина, 1993) на субстрат этого образования мозга как ядерно-палеокортикальный компонент мозга.
МНОГОЛЕТНЯЯ ДИНАМИКА ЗИМНЕГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЛЕСНЫХ ПТИЦ ИЛЬМЕНСКОГО ЗАПОВЕДНИКА, "Экология"
Authors: Захаров В.Д.
Published: August 2018

Приведены данные зимних количественных учетов птиц в лесных местообитаниях Ильменского заповедника с 1986 по 2010 г. Проанализированы изменения среднемесячных, максимальных и минимальных температур и количества осадков в декабре-феврале. Тренд потепления за период исследований на территории заповедника не выявлен. Показано, что динамика структуры населения птиц в зимний период, несмотря на значительные межгодовые флуктуации, погодными условиями не определяется. Наиболее значимыми факторами, обусловливающими многолетнюю динамику численности зимующих птиц, являются: плотность населения в предыдущий гнездовой период, урожайность семян основных кормовых растений, подкочевка зимующих видов.
СТРОНЦИЕВАЯ ИЗОТОПНАЯ ХЕМОСТРАТИГРАФИЯ: ОСНОВЫ МЕТОДА И ЕГО СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ, "Стратиграфия. Геологическая корреляция"
Authors: Кузнецов А.Б. , Семихатов М.А. , Горохов И.М.
Published: August 2018

Рассмотрены методическая основа, становление и современное состояние нового метода хроностратиграфических исследований - стронциевой изотопной хемостратиграфии (strontium isotope stratigraphy - SIS). Этот метод позволяет датировать и коррелировать географически удаленные осадочные последовательности, не привлекая биостратиграфические и изотопно-геохронологические данные. Метод SIS опирается на вековые вариации отношения 87Sr/86Sr в палеоокеанах, возникавшие в результате перераспределения роли двух глобальных потоков стронция, сформированных в мантийном и континентальном резервуарах Земли. Изотопная гомогенность Sr в палеоокеанах и в сообщавшихся с ними морях приводит к тому, что величина отношения 87Sr/86Sr в морских бассейнах индивидуальна для каждого момента геологического времени и наследуется в морских хемогенных осадках при осаждении растворенного Sr в виде изоморфной примеси. Наилучшим минералом, способным сохранять Sr-изотопную характеристику среды седиментации, является низкомагнезиальный кальцит, а также фрагменты фоссилизированных палеонтологических остатков, захороненных in situ. При использовании метода SIS необходимы геохимическая диагностика вторичных преобразований исследуемого материала и селективное растворение образцов для получения карбонатного материала, адекватно отражающего изотопные характеристики среды седиментации. Приведен ряд примеров межрегиональной корреляции протерозойских и кайнозойских морских отложений и их привязки к стратиграфической шкале на методической основе SIS.
К ВОПРОСУ О СТРАТИГРАФИИ И ФЛОРЕ МЕЛОВЫХ ОТЛОЖЕНИЙ ЧУЛЫМО-ЕНИСЕЙСКОГО РАЙОНА, ЗАПАДНАЯ СИБИРЬ, "Стратиграфия. Геологическая корреляция"
Authors: Щепетов С.В.
Published: August 2018

Рассмотрены стратиграфическое положение и обоснование возраста сертинской, чулымской, антибесской и сымской палеофлор. Показано, что эти древние флоры, скорее всего, не сменяли друг друга в процессе развития, а существовали одновременно в геологическом масштабе времени. Кийская, симоновская и сымская свиты не имеют четких стратиграфических границ, выраженных картировочных признаков и надежного палеонтологического обоснования возраста. Их следует рассматривать как единое стратиграфическое подразделение.
New Sufficient Conditions for Finite Time Stability of Nonlinear Time Delay Systems
Authors: Chen Guopei , Yang Ying
Published: August 2018

In this note, we propose two new sufficient conditions on finite time stability for nonlinear time delay systems. First, a sufficient condition is proposed to verify the stability of systems by employing a continuously differentiable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional with indefinite derivative. Second, another sufficient condition is proposed by extending the Razumikhin approach, moreover, the corresponding estimate on convergence time of systems is also given. The results obtained herein are less conservative than the existing methods, i.e., they relax the restriction that the Lyapunov function of systems has to be decreasing in the convergence process. Finally, two numerical examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Executive function predicts the visuospatial working memory in autism spectrum disorder and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Wang Zengjian , Jing Jin , Igarashi Kazue , Fan Lijun , Yang Siyuan , Li YongMei , Jin Yu
Published: August 2018

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) always show working memory deficits. However, research findings on the factors that affected the working memory in ASD and ADHD were inconsistent. Thus, we developed the present study to investigate the association of executive function (EF) with the visuospatial working memory (VSWM) in ASD and ADHD. Three groups of participants were examined: 21 children with ASD, 28 children with ADHD and 28 typically developing (TD) children as the controls. All participants completed two tests: the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Corsi Block Tapping Test for measuring EF and VSWM, respectively. The WCST included four domains: categories achieved (CA), perseverative errors (PE), failures to maintain set (FMS), and total errors (TE). The findings indicated that (1) the ASD group showed poorer performance in VSWM than the ADHD and TD groups; (2) for the ASD group, VSWM was positively correlated with CA, and was negatively correlated with PE and TE; (3) for the ADHD group, FMS showed a negative relationship with VSWM; and (4) TE predicted the performance of VSWM in ASD group, while FMS predicted VSWM in ADHD group. The study results suggested that VSWM was impaired in ASD but not in ADHD. Also, the EF domains were differently correlated with the VSWM performance in ASD and ADHD. Our study suggests that we should consider different intervention targets of working memory and EF contributions in improving the cognitive capacity of ASD and ADHD. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1148–1156. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay summary

The present study compared the visuospatial working memory (VSWM) in three groups of children: autism (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and typically developed children (TD). The ASD group showed poorer VSWM than the ADHD and TD groups. The total error of executive function predicted the performance of VSWM in ASD, while failures to maintain set predicted VSWM in ADHD . These findings suggested that we should consider the different working memory and executive function training targets to increase cognitive capacity of ASD and ADHD.
Cryptotanshinone suppresses cell proliferation and glucose metabolism via STAT3/SIRT3 signaling pathway in ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Yang Yufei , Cao Yue , Chen Lihua , Liu Fei , Qi Zihao , Cheng Xi , Wang Ziliang
Published: August 2018

Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecologic cancer among women worldwide. Cryptotanshinone (CT), isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has been identified as a potential therapeutic agent in treating several malignant tumors, but the molecular mechanism of CT in ovarian cancer still remains illustrated. Here, we sought to elucidate the regulatory function of CT on cell glucose metabolism in ovarian cancer. The treatment of CT on ovarian cancer cells effectively inhibited glucose uptake and lactate production in ovarian cancer cells. The expression levels of glycolysis‐related proteins, such as GLUT1, LDHA, and HK2, were decreased by the treatment of CT detected by qRT‐PCR and immunoblotting. Mechanistically, CT exerted its anti‐tumor effect by targeting STAT3/SIRT3/HIF‐1α signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, which could be rescued by the introduction of SIRT3 shRNA in ovarian cancer cells. The clinical data showed that the expression level of STAT3 in ovarian cancer patients’ sera and tissues was positively correlated with those of GLUT1, LDHA, HK2 and HIF‐1α, but negatively with that of SIRT3These findings provide evidence that CT inhibited cellular glycolysis‐induced cell growth and proliferation through repression of STAT3/SIRT3/HIF‐1α signaling pathway, indicating that CT may be developed as a chemotherapeutic agent to treat ovarian cancer.
miR‐182‐5p overexpression inhibits chondrogenesis by down‐regulating PTHLH
Authors: Bai Ming , Yin Heping , Zhao Jian , Li Yang , Wu Yimin
Published: August 2018

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSC) have the ability of differentiating into chondrocytes and osteoblasts. miR‐182‐5p promotes osteoclastogenesis and bone metastasis by up‐regulating the expression of parathyroid hormone‐like hormone (PTHLH). However, the function of miR‐182‐5p in chondrogenesis is still unknown. Mimic or inhibitor of miR‐182‐5p was used to upregulate or knock‐down miR‐182‐5p expression, respectively. We analyzed chondrogenesis by Safranin O staining and Blyscan™ Sulfated Glycosaminoglycan Assay. Immunohistochemistry, real‐time PCR, and Western bolts were used to detect related makers. miR‐182‐5p overexpression inhibited chondrogenesis. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay indicated that PTHLH was one of the target genes of miR‐182‐5p. Further studies showed that miR‐182‐5p overexpression down‐regulated the expression of SOX‐9 and COL2A1, but up‐regulated COL1A1 and COL10A1. Consistently, miR‐182‐5p knock‐down had the opposite effects. This effect of miR‐182‐5p in BM‐MSCs can be rescued by PTHLH overexpression. miR‐182‐5p may play a negative role in chondrogenesis by down‐regulating PTHLH.
Dynamic Performance of a Complex Distillation System to Separate a Five‐Component Hydrocarbon Mixture
Authors: Segovia Hernández Juan Gabriel , Gómez-Castro Fernando Israel , Sánchez-Ramírez Eduardo
Published: August 2018

Distillation is one of the most used separation processes in chemical industry, although it is a highly energy‐intensive operation. For multicomponent distillation, complex structures have been proposed in previous works, which may allow energy savings. Nevertheless, it is mandatory to understand the dynamic characteristics of such complex structures. In this work, the dynamic performance of a dividing‐wall‐based structure for the separation of a five‐component mixture is studied. A sensitivity analysis is performed on the structure in terms of the interlinking streams, performing a singular value decomposition analysis to selected cases with different operational conditions. The designs with the lowest energy duties also showed the best open‐loop properties.
Experimental research and numerical analysis on thermal dynamic characteristics of rotary kiln
Authors: Wenjing Du , Wang Bing , Cheng Lin
Published: August 2018

The rotary kiln is a piece of equipment that consumes an extensive amount of energy. The thermal dynamic characteristics of the rotary kiln include conduction, convection, radiation, and combustion characteristics, which are closely bound up with the energy consumption of the kiln. In this paper, both experimental and numerical studies are performed to understand the relationship between the thermal dynamic characteristics of the rotary kiln and the factors that affect them. In the experimental section, the shell temperature and coating thickness of the kiln cylinder were measured, which shows the thermal dynamic characteristics of the rotary kiln. In the numerical section, a three‐dimensional numerical model with ANSYS software is set up to research the fluid flow, combustion, and heat transfer characteristics of the rotary kiln under different working conditions. The numerical simulation results presented reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The results indicate that coating thickness affects the heat transfer conduction of the kiln and the burner structure affects the combustion and convection heat transfer in a kiln. Fugitive constituents of coal, pulverized coal concentration, excess air ratio, and oxygen content can influence the characteristics of the combustion and heat transfer processes.
Variable selection for recurrent event data with broken adaptive ridge regression
Authors: Zhao Hui , Sun Dayu , Li Gang , Sun Jianguo
Published: August 2018

Recurrent event data occur in many areas such as medical studies and social sciences and a great deal of literature has been established for their analysis. On the other hand, only limited research exists on the variable selection for recurrent event data, and the existing methods can be seen as direct generalizations of the available penalized procedures for linear models and may not perform as well as expected. This article discusses simultaneous parameter estimation and variable selection and presents a new method with a new penalty function, which will be referred to as the broken adaptive ridge regression approach. In addition to the establishment of the oracle property, we also show that the proposed method has the clustering or grouping effect when covariates are highly correlated. Furthermore, a numerical study is performed and indicates that the method works well for practical situations and can outperform existing methods. An application is provided.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 416–428; 2018 © 2018 Statistical Society of Canada
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of Alkylpolyglycosides Induced by High‐Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Amaniampong Prince Nana , Clément Jean‐Louis , Gigmes Didier , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , García Fernández José M. , Blériot Yves , Chatel Gregory , De Oliveira Vigier Karine , Jérôme François
Published: August 2018

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of François Jérôme at the University of Poitiers. The image shows that the anomeric position of carbohydrates was successfully activated by high frequency ultrasound, without any catalyst or protective agent. The Communication itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201801137.
Better late than never: a synthesis of strategic land retirement and restoration in California
Authors: Lortie Christopher J. , Filazzola A. , Kelsey R. , Hart Abigail K. , Butterfield H. S.
Published: August 2018

Strategic retirement and restoration of agricultural lands is a critical conservation opportunity globally. The objective of this synthesis was to examine whether ecological habitat assessments, endangered species historical occurrence data, and restoration research can be used to develop evidence‐based strategy for retiring and restoring agricultural lands. The San Joaquin Desert (SJD) of California is a prominent example because it experienced an extensive conversion to agriculture. Now, new groundwater regulations will lead to retirement on large areas of agricultural lands over the next 20 yr. This presents an opportunity to not only restore some of these lands but also explore the challenges associated with balancing direct human needs with other ecosystem‐level functions. California is thus an ideal case study for globally rethinking context‐specific, single‐case study solutions. We used a systematic review and synthesis to address the following three main questions for habitat recovery of endangered species in the SJD. (1) What are the habitat requirements for key endangered animal species in the region? (2) Is there historical evidence to support an assessment of suitable habitats for these species? (3) What restoration techniques apply to these species? Using the Web of Science and other resources, we reviewed over 1000 independent studies on this topic, refined the evidence, and selected a total of 266 relevant publications. Habitat requirements for each species were described, but there was a critical need to examine quantitative thresholds for these factors to better evaluate habitat suitability of retired lands. There was sufficient evidence of historical vegetation to model suitable habitats and design the physical restoration of retired lands. Direct interventions associated with restoration strategies have been infrequently tested. Sparse and diverse evidence associated with direct experimental manipulations is not uncommon in applied ecology, and synthesis is an excellent tool for highlighting these gaps for future research to examine. This review suggests that retired agricultural land is a viable asset for threatened and endangered species, but to effectively advance restoration research and management, direct tests of restoration techniques and an assessment of relative costs for interventions are needed for a given region.
Reactive power control of power conditioning systems to avoid voltage deviation in high‐voltage distribution systems caused by both of photovoltaic generation and electric vehicle charging
Authors: Shimazu Takayuki , Takahashi Akiko , Shimofuji Keigo , Funabiki Shigeyuki , Nagata Takeshi
Published: August 2018

The introduction of electric vehicles has been increasing as well as photovoltaic generation systems. These introductions cause the voltage drop and rise on high‐voltage distribution lines, so that voltage deviation will be out of the specified voltage range. As a countermeasure against this problem, the voltage control method with static Var compensators (SVCs) is implemented. However, SVCs are expensive and power losses on the distribution line increase. This paper proposes a novel voltage control method in which power conditioning systems output leading and lagging reactive power aiming to solve the above‐mentioned problems. It is clarified that the proposed method is more effective in solution of these problems than compared with the voltage control method using SVCs.
Prediction of readmissions and mortality in patients with heart failure: lessons from the IMPEDANCE‐HF extended trial
Authors: Kleiner Shochat Michael , Fudim Marat , Shotan Avraham , Blondheim David S. , Kazatsker Mark , Dahan Iris , Asif Aya , Rozenman Yoseph , Kleiner Ilia , Weinstein Jean Marc , Panjrath Gurusher , Sobotka Paul A. , Meisel Simcha R.
Published: August 2018

Aims

Readmissions for heart failure (HF) are a major burden. We aimed to assess whether the extent of improvement in pulmonary fluid content (ΔPC) during HF hospitalization evaluated by lung impedance (LI), or indirectly by other clinical and laboratory parameters, predicts readmissions.

Methods and results

The present study is based on pre‐defined secondary analysis of the IMPEDANCE‐HF extended trial comprising 266 HF patients at New York Heart Association Class II–IV and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 35% randomized to LI‐guided or conventional therapy during long‐term follow‐up. Lung impedance‐guided patients were followed for 58 ± 36 months and the control patients for 46 ± 34 months (P < 0.01) accounting for 253 and 478 HF hospitalizations, respectively (P < 0.01). Lung impedance, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, weight, radiological score, New York Heart Association class, lung rales, leg oedema, or jugular venous pressure were measured at admission and discharge on each hospitalization in both groups with the difference defined as ΔPC. Average LI‐assessed ΔPC was 12.1% vs. 9.2%, and time to HF readmission was 659 vs. 306 days in the LI‐guided and control groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Lung impedance‐based ΔPC predicted 30 and 90 day HF readmission better than ΔPC assessed by the other variables (P < 0.01). The readmission rate for HF was lower if ΔPC > median compared with ΔPC ≤ median for all parameters evaluated in both study groups with the most pronounced difference predicted by LI (P < 0.01). Net reclassification improvement analysis showed that adding LI to the traditional clinical and laboratory parameters improved the predictive power significantly.

Conclusions

The extent of ΔPC improvement, primarily the LI based, during HF‐hospitalization, and study group allocation strongly predicted readmission and event‐free survival time.
Exploration of Capturing CO2 from Flue Gas by Calcite Slit‐Nanopores: A Computational Investigation
Authors: Sun Haoyang , Zhao Hui , Qi Na , Zhang Xiaohan , Li Ying
Published: August 2018

Capturing CO2 from flue gas is recognized as a key process to improve the environment, therefore, developing a new cost‐effective sorbent is crucial. In this study, the calcite slit‐nanopores with various pore sizes ranging from ∼5 Å to ∼30 Å were constructed, the grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation methods were used to examine the microscopic behaviors of CO2 and N2 in calcite slit‐nanopores. Diverse adsorption layer structures for CO2 and N2 molecules as single component in calcite slit‐nanopores are found as the pore size changing, of which the CO2 represents a transformation from single adsorption layer to five adsorption layers, while N2 represents a variation from single adsorption layer to three adsorption layers. Meantime, different adsorption orientations of CO2 and N2 molecules adsorbed close onto the calcite pore surface are also found. Moreover, strong competitive adsorption of CO2 over N2 is found due to the different interactions between CO2 and N2 molecules with the calcite pore surface, the capacity of competitive adsorption decreases with the pore size increasing. The self‐diffusion and isosteric heat of CO2 and N2 molecules in calcite slit‐nanopores are also examined to demonstrate the different adsorption intensities of gases in calcite slit‐nanopores. This work demonstrates the detailed microscopic behaviors of CO2 and N2 molecules in calcite slit‐nanopores, which not only enriches the theoretical knowledge about gases adsorption in calcite slit‐nanopores, but also gives out the feasibility of capturing CO2 from flue gas by calcite‐based substances.
Brain networks underlying conscious tactile perception of textures as revealed using the velvet hand illusion
Authors: Rajaei Nader , Aoki Naoya , Takahashi Haruka K. , Miyaoka Tetsu , Kochiyama Takanori , Ohka Masahiro , Sadato Norihiro , Kitada Ryo
Published: August 2018

Humans are adept at perceiving textures through touch. Previous neuroimaging studies have identified a distributed network of brain regions involved in the tactile perception of texture. However, it remains unclear how nodes in this network contribute to the tactile awareness of texture. To examine the hypothesis that such awareness involves the interaction of the primary somatosensory cortex with higher order cortices, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study utilizing the velvet hand illusion, in which an illusory velvet‐like surface is perceived between the hands. Healthy participants were subjected to a strong illusion, a weak illusion, and tactile perception of real velvet. The strong illusion induced greater activation in the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) than the weak illusion, and increases in such activation were positively correlated with the strength of the illusion. Furthermore, both actual and illusory perception of velvet induced common activation in S1. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that the strength of the illusion modulated the functional connectivity of S1 with each of the following regions: the parietal operculum, superior parietal lobule, precentral gyrus, insula, and cerebellum. The present results indicate that S1 is associated with the conscious tactile perception of textures, which may be achieved via interactions with higher order somatosensory areas.
Chemical Biology: Here to Stay?
Authors: Walsh Christopher T
Published: August 2018

The term chemical biology emerged about 25 years ago and encompasses a set of research inquiries at the intersections of chemistry and biology. Before chemical biology there was biological chemistry for 100 years or more, but the traverse from one to the other has not just been a switching of noun and adjective. Over the past quarter century chemists, many from organic synthetic lineages, have become convinced that the open systems of biology have become appropriate venues to bring chemical thinking for library design, screening, and molecular scaffold optimization. Whereas biological chemistry may be described as the universe of chemistry that happens in nature, chemical biologists often bring new, unnatural molecular scaffolds to decipher the logics of biology. That seems a limiting definition and I prefer the mantra: think chemically, act biologically.
The role of mononuclear phagocytes in Ebola virus infection
Authors: Rogers Kai J , Maury Wendy
Published: August 2018

The filovirus, Zaire Ebolavirus (EBOV), infects tissue macrophages (Mϕs) and dendritic cells (DCs) early during infection. Viral infection of both cells types is highly productive, leading to increased viral load. However, virus infection of these two cell types results in different consequences for cellular function. Infection of Mϕs stimulates the production of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, leading to the production of a cytokine storm, while simultaneously increasing tissue factor production and thus facilitating disseminated intravascular coagulation. In contrast, EBOV infection of DCs blocks DC maturation and antigen presentation rendering these cells unable to communicate with adaptive immune response elements. Details of the known interactions of these cells with EBOV are reviewed here. We also identify a number of unanswered questions that remain about interactions of filoviruses with these cells.

An overview of mononuclear phagocyte interactions with Ebola virus is provided here and we identify important unaddressed questions in the field.
Phytochemical profile, nutraceutical potential and functional properties of Cucumis melo L. seeds
Authors: Mallek‐Ayadi Sana , Bahloul Neila , Kechaou Nabil
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

This study investigated the amino acids, phenolic compounds and volatile compounds in Maazoun melon seeds. The functional properties of melon seed flour, such as bulk density, swelling capacity, emulsifying capacity, and foaming capacity were also determined.

RESULTS

The findings proved that the functional properties of melon seeds make them useful for incorporation into different food formulations to improve their functionality. The determination of the amino acid composition of melon seeds showed that glutamic acid (205.23 g kg−1), arginine (130.44 g kg−1), and tryptophan (129.91 g kg−1) were the major amino acids of the protein fraction. Chromatographic analysis indicated that phenolic acids (47.78%) constituted the main phenolic class, followed by flavonoids (27.15%). Naringenin‐7‐O‐glycoside and gallic acid were the most abundant phenolic compounds. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses of the volatile compounds demonstrated that esters and terpenoids were the main volatile groups. The study of histological structures showed that melon seeds consist of three distinguishable parts: tegument, endosperm cells, and almond.

CONCLUSION

The results obtained revealed that melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds may be a potential source of bioactive compounds and natural substances with nutritive value and functional properties of interest to industrial applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Gluten‐free sorghum pasta: starch digestibility and antioxidant capacity compared with commercial products
Authors: Palavecino Pablo M , Ribotta Pablo D , León Alberto E , Bustos Mariela C
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND

The development of new products with a focus on nutrition, rather than other technical aspects, is essential to improve the quality of celiac diets. Nutritional attributes of white and brown sorghum gluten‐free pasta developed in a previous work were analyzed. The extent and kinetics of starch in vitro digestion, estimated glycemic index (eGI), potentially bioaccessible and dialyzable polyphenols, and antioxidant activity were evaluated and compared with commercial products.

Results

Sorghum flour samples were used to obtain pasta with high protein (≈170 g kg−1), dietary fiber (≈80 g kg−1), polyphenols (2.6 g GA kg−1 pasta), and antioxidant activity. This sorghum pasta showed slower starch in vitro digestion than the other gluten‐free pasta, with a high level of protein hydrolysis (76%). The highest eGI was observed in a rice sample (69.8) followed by a corn‐based pasta (66.4). White and brown sorghum gluten‐free pasta showed 2.9 and 2.4 times, respectively, higher potentially bioaccessible polyphenol content compared to that in cooked pasta. No significant variation in antioxidant activity was found in sorghum pasta after digestion and around 48% and 36% of activity was detected in dialysate.

Conclusion

Both types of sorghum gluten‐free pasta have demonstrated their nutritional value and represent a good potential alternative to current commercial pasta. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The smart growth of Chinese cities: Opportunities offered by vacant land
Authors: Li Weifeng , Zhou Weiqi , Bai Yang , Pickett Steward T.A. , Han Lijian
Published: August 2018

Despite the publicly accepted concept of ‘smart growth’ of urban areas and its wide implications in developed countries, there is less concern about this in a newly emerging economy like China. Yet, due to the unprecedented urbanization rates in many developing countries, how to control unordered urban sprawl is becoming a severe challenge to multiple levels of governments. This study is the first to comprehensively evaluate the spatial and temporal change of vacant land within the built‐up area of a large city in China. We used the core city of Shanghai as a case‐study to systematically investigate the spatial–temporal distribution of vacant land at the fine scale. The boundaries of vacant land patches and of other urban land use types were delineated using visual interpretation, based on 0.3‐m resolution aerial photos collected in 2000, 2005, and 2010. We find that (a) vacant land plays a very important role in the composition of the urban landscape of central Shanghai, accounting for 9.3%, 11.3%, and 10.4% of the core city area in 2000, 2005, and 2010, respectively; (b) there exists obvious spatial–temporal change of transformation between vacant land and other land use types during the 10 years studied; and (c) the considerable amounts of vacant land and its change dynamic have important policy implications for smart growth of cities in China. Making the best planning and management decisions about these vacant lands might be one promising smart growth principle for China's cities.
The Distribution of Essential, Trace, and Nonessential Minerals in Weanling Male Rats Fed Sheep or Cow Milk
Authors: Burrow Keegan , Young Wayne , McConnell Michelle , Carne Alan , Barr David , Reid Malcom , Bekhit Alaa El‐Din
Published: August 2018

Scope

The aim of the study is to determine the effects of sheep milk consumption in comparison to cow milk on the mineral distribution in the soft organs and serum in a growing animal model system. As the mineral composition of cow and sheep milk differs, different effects on the bio‐accumulations in the body may be observed.

Differences in the mineral composition of cow and sheep milk may lead to different bioavailability or accumulation of minerals in the body. Newly weaned rats were fed either cow milk, sheep milk, or sheep milk diluted so that it had the same solid content as cow milk. At the end of the feeding trial, the concentration of minerals in the organs and plasma of the rats was assessed. The results indicate that the consumption of the high level of minerals in sheep milk does not have any negative effects in the rat model.

Methods and results

Newly weaned male rats were fed ad libitum for 28 days on either cow milk, sheep milk, or sheep milk diluted to have the same concentration of milk solids as cow milk. Animals were euthanized and the soft organs and serum were harvested and then analyzed for mineral composition by inductively coupled plasma MS. Rats fed sheep milk had lower iron concentrations in the liver and higher concentrations of rubidium and cesium in all of the soft organs. The growth rate of the rats was not affected by the type of milk consumed.

Conclusion

The concentration of essential and trace minerals in the liver is found to be significantly different between rats fed sheep milk compared to those fed cow milk (p < 0.05). The consumption of sheep milk does not affect the growth of animals.
Assessment of physical function in children with cancer: A systematic review
Authors: Grimshaw Sarah L. , Taylor Nicholas F. , Mechinaud Francoise , Shields Nora
Published: August 2018

Background

Appropriate selection of robust assessment tools is essential to monitor physical function in children with cancer during and after treatment. This systematic review aims to identify and critically appraise the measurement properties of physical function measures currently used for children with cancer.

Procedure

Two systematic searches of seven electronic databases [Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINHAL), Medline, PubMed, PsychINFO, Sportsdiscus, EMBASE, and Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED)] were completed to identify physical function measures used in children with cancer and to evaluate their measurement properties. Methodological quality and the adequacy of measurement properties specific to populations of children with cancer were critically appraised using the COSMIN framework to ascertain which measures have evidence to support their use in children with cancer.

Results

One hundred and one physical function measures were identified across 154 studies. Measurement property data were available for 12 measures. The measurement properties of only two outcome measures were assessed in more than one study. Despite some positive measurement property data, there was no assessment tool that had consistent and adequate evidence overall to recommend its use in childhood cancer populations. Poor methodological quality of the included studies was the main limiting factor.

Conclusions

There is very limited population specific evidence to guide the selection of physical function measures in children with cancer. Further research into the reliability, validity and responsiveness of physical function measures in children with cancer is needed to provide a basis for more effective clinical assessment and management.
Multiple bloodstream infections in pediatric stem cell transplant recipients: A case series
Authors: Grossmann Liron , Alonso Priscila Badia , Nelson Adam , El‐Bietar Javier , Myers Kasiani C , Lane Adam , Andersen Heidi , Haslam David , Jodele Sonata , Davies Stella M. , Dandoy Christopher E.
Published: August 2018

Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) are associated with poor outcomes following stem cell transplantation (SCT). We describe the demographics, treatment, complications, and outcome of 23 pediatric SCT recipients who developed three or more BSIs in the first year after SCT at our center from 2011 through 2016. The majority underwent allogeneic SCT (n = 22/23;96%), mainly from an unrelated donor (n = 19/22,86%); developed grade 2‐4 graft versus host disease (GVHD; n = 14/23, 61%), all steroid refractory; and were diagnosed with thrombotic microangiopathy (n = 21/23, 91%). One‐year overall survival was 56% (n = 13/23). We observed a high rate of transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy and steroid‐refractory acute GVHD in patients with three or more BSIs.
The management of childhood cancer survivors at risk for stroke: A Delphi survey of regional experts
Authors: Kenney Lisa B. , Ames Bethany , Michaud Alexis L. , Williams David N. , Manley Peter E. , Ullrich Nicole J.
Published: August 2018

Background

Evidence is not available to guide management of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) at risk for radiation‐associated cerebral vascular disease (CVD) and stroke. We propose to use a consensus‐based methodology to describe the collective opinion of regional experts for the care of these patients and identify areas of controversy.

Procedure

Thirty physicians from the New England region who care for CCS participated in a Delphi panel querying their management approach (imaging, laboratory tests, medications, counseling, referrals) to a CCS treated with cranial radiation formatted as five clinical scenarios (asymptomatic, small‐ and large‐vessel CVD, transient ischemia, stroke) in three rounds of anonymous questionnaires. Consensus defined as ≥90% agreement.

Results

Response rate was 100% for all three rounds. Panelists reached consensus on laboratory tests to assess stroke risk factors, stroke risk and prevention counseling, brain imaging to monitor survivors with known CVD, and acute care for stroke symptoms. Only 67% panelists agreed with MRI screening asymptomatic survivors with no history of CVD, 87% endorsed aspirin as stroke prevention for large‐vessel CVD and 57% for small‐vessel CVD. There was no consensus on specialty referrals. Overall, panelists practicing at large institutions and neurology subspecialists were more likely to advocate for screening, interventions, and referrals.

Conclusions

Despite lack of evidence to guide stroke prevention in CCS treated with cranial radiation, a panel of regional physicians reached consensus on managing most clinical scenarios. Controversial areas requiring further study are surveillance imaging for asymptomatic survivors, aspirin for stroke prevention, and indications for specialty referral.
The Using of Graphene Nano‐Platelets for a Better through‐Plane Thermal Conductivity for Polypropylene
Authors: Seki Yoldas , Avci Beliz , Uzun Secil , Kaya Nusret , Atagur Metehan , Sever Kutlay , Sarikanat Mehmet
Published: August 2018

In‐plane alignment of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in thin thermal interface material layers suppresses the through‐plane heat transport, which limits the performance of materials. In order to suppress the in‐plane alignment of the GNP filler within polypropylene (PP) and increase the through‐plane component, modification of GNP (MG) was performed in this study. For this aim, GNP was treated with diallyldimethylammonium chloride solution and filled with PP at different weight fractions by using a laboratory type high‐speed thermo‐kinetic mixer. The effect of MG loading into PP on thermal conductivity and surface resistivity of PP was measured. With using MG as a conductive filler for PP, instead of GNP, through‐plane conductivity increased by 11%, however in‐plane conductivity decreased by 33%. Modified GNP‐filled PP showed better through‐plane conductivity and surface resistivity than those of unmodified GNP‐filled PP. Tensile and three point bending tests were performed to determine tensile and flexural properties of composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out to evaluate viscoelastic properties, such as storage modulus and loss modulus of composites. The thermal properties of samples were measured by using a differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and thermo‐mechanical analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to observe the fracture surfaces of the composites after tensile tests. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1320–E1328, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
The evaluation of extensional viscosity of highly filled polyolefins composites films with calcium carbonate
Authors: Kloziński Arkadiusz , Jakubowska Paulina
Published: August 2018

This article reports the results of the extensional viscosity () of polyolefins composites films. The test material was composed of ternary MDPE/iPP/CaCO3composites with a calcium carbonate content of 48–72% by mass. The concentrations of the composites and reference materials that were PE‐MD/iPP mixtures are summarized in Table 1. For all materials the viscosity curves (rotational rheometer) and the change in mass flow rate were determined. Two types of investigated films were produced: cast films and blow films. The extensional viscosity of films (thickness ≈ 80 μm) was performed on a SER‐2 Universal Testing Platform. The influence of the addition of calcium carbonate, extrusion techniques and the direction of sample cut (MD and TD) to change the extensional viscosity were discussed. The extensional viscosity measurements () were taken at a temperature of 140°C and for a strain rate (Hencky strain rate) of = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 s−1. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E155–E163, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Oleic acid‐based poly(alkyl methacrylate) as bio‐based viscosity control additive for mineral and vegetable oils
Authors: Lomège Juliette , Negrell Claire , Robin Jean‐Jacques , Lapinte Vincent , Caillol Sylvain
Published: August 2018

This work described the design of an efficient oleic‐acid based viscosity control additive for lubricating oils as potential alternative to petroleum poly(alkyl)methacrylates (PAMAs) additives. Hence, Poly(2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl oleate) (PMAEO) was synthesized by free radical homopolymerization to afford a comb‐like polymer structure similar to common PAMAs. Then, in order to evaluate its efficiency as viscosity control additive, the resulting polymer was mixed at several concentrations from 1%wt to 10%wt with different oil compositions, including a mineral paraffinic oil (MPO) and an organic triglyceride oil (OTO). For all polymer‐solution blends, relative viscosities (RV) measurements showed that addition of PMAEO in MPO had a better contribution on oil viscosity at 100°C than at 20°C (RV = 1.16 at 40°C while RV = 1.25 for 3%wt of PMAEO in MPO). These results were attributed to the coil expansion of polymer chains with increasing temperature. Additionally, rheological studies showed that addition of 3%wt of PMAEO in MPO improved the MPO cold flow properties at −30°C by decreasing the required yield stress to put the oil in motion from 310 mPa to 42 mPa. These results are in total accordance with the common viscosimetric properties of PAMAs‐based viscosity control additives at low and high temperature in mineral oils. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E164–E170, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers
Microproteomic Profiling of High‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion of the Cervix: Insight into Biological Mechanisms of Dysplasia and New Potential Diagnostic Markers
Authors: Pottier Charles , Kriegsmann Mark , Alberts Deborah , Smargiasso Nicolas , Baiwir Dominique , Mazzucchelli Gabriel , Herfs Michael , Fresnais Margaux , Casadonte Rita , Delvenne Philippe , De Pauw Edwin , Longuespée Rémi
Published: August 2018

Purpose

High‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) is a known precursor for squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix. Although it is known that SILs are associated to infection by human papillomavirus, downstream biological mechanisms are still poorly described. In this study, we compared the microproteomic profile of HSIL to normal tissues: ectocervix (ectoC) and endocervix (endoC).

Experimental design

Tissue regions of endoC, ectoC, and HSlL were collected by laser microdissection (3500 cells each) from five patients. Samples were processed and analyzed using our recently developed laser microdissection‐based microproteomic method. Tissues were compared in order to retrieve HSIL's proteomic profile. Potentially interesting proteins for pathology were stained by immunohistochemistry.

Results

We identified 3072 proteins among the fifteen samples and 2386 were quantified in at least four out of the five biological replicates of at least one tissue type. We found 236 proteins more abundant in HSIL. Gene ontology enrichments revealed mechanisms of DNA replication and RNA splicing. Despite the squamous nature of HSIL, a common signature between HSIL and endoC could be found. Finally, potential new markers could support diagnosis of dysplasia in SILs.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

This microproteomic investigation of HSIL gives insights into the biology of cervical precancerous lesions.
Glycopeptides as a Tool for Early Detection of Cancer
Authors: Drabik Anna
Published: August 2018

Protein glycosylation, as one of the most common and complex posttranslational modifications, plays an important role in many biological processes. Along with the intensive progress in MS techniques and development of glycan search tools and databases, glycoproteomics has become a popular subject of studies. The possibility of simultaneous identification of amino acid sequence, glycosylation sites, and glycan composition enabled the monitoring of changes in glycosylation patterns in various pathological states. In this issue, Saraswat et al. describe MS‐based investigations of glycopeptide changes in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Their findings indicate glycopeptides with changed expression levels and the presence of altered glycan forms observed in four proteins derived from OSCC patients’ sera. Proteins carrying this distinctive pattern are in the group of the most abundant components of serum, IgG1, IgG4, HPT, and TRFE, which makes their identification more accessible. Described changes, characteristic for cancer serum samples, may be considered as potential diagnostic indicators of OSCC; however, there is still a need to establish a universal glycopeptide‐based biomarkers database, where all glycoproteomic data can be collected from all types of cancer studies and evaluated using meta‐analyses. Only then, early diagnosis of patients using MS‐based approach will make sense, as those investigations are very convoluted, and all efforts made during sample preparation and analysis will pay off when comprehensive anticancer prevention will be achieved during single measurement.