bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social interaction in public space: Spatial edges, moveable furniture, and visual landmarks
Authors: Loo Becky PY , Fan Zhuangyuan
Published: February 2023

Research on the relationship between space and social interaction has focused on indoor spaces, such as museums and offices. However, empirical evidence on the connection between the intensity of social interaction and outdoor public spaces is still lacking. Applying machine learning algorithms to a 9-hour time-lapse video of an urban park, we decipher the effects of two spatial features, edges, and landmarks, on visitors’ activities. We identified dynamic visitor groups in the videos through a graph-based method and mapped the clustering pattern of interaction activities over time and space. In parallel, we used a computer vision algorithm to delineate fixed objects (notably the harbourfront, landside park boundary, a carousel, four benches, three pavilions, and four heart-shaped seating) and dynamic edges (formed by moveable furniture as park visitors repositioned them) onsite. We found that dynamic edges formed by moveable furniture and the fixed edge of a visual landmark consistently attracted more social interaction and group activities. In designing public spaces that encourage group activities, urban planners and designers can leverage the combination of fixed objects and flexible furniture to maximise the choices for visitors and curate a more engaging public open space.
Mapping the Poetics of Memory: A Critical Reading of Manoranjan Byapari’s Interrogating My Chandal Life as Cultural Archive
Authors: Mondal Arijit , Jana Ujjwal
Published: February 2023

The article analyses the idea of a text as a cultural archive by mapping the question of personal and collective or social memory with particular reference to the acclaimed Bengali Dalit writer Manoranjan Byapari’s Interrogating My Chandal Life: An Autobiography of a Dalit. The memoir is a chronicler of the collective history of the marginal Namashudra community/ties of Bengal, their saga of pain and excruciating experiences of peripherality of existence that is perceived through the lens of the author. Located in the historical centre of the Dalit worldview, the autobiography investigates how the trajectories of collective histories, memories and shared identity of the Dalit community result in the emergence of what Derrida calls an ‘archive’ or a ‘palimpsest.’ Drawing on theories with regard to the role of cultural memory in the formation of a cultural archive, this article addresses questions as to how a text becomes a cultural archive and testimonies to history through the excavation and circulation of knowledge of the collective historical past.
Lenalidomide-associated B-cell ALL: clinical and pathologic correlates and sensitivity to lenalidomide withdrawal
Authors: Geyer Mark B. , Shaffer Brian C. , Bhatnagar Bhavana , Mims Alice S. , Klein Victoria , Dilip Deepika , Glass Jacob L. , Lozanski Gerard , Hassoun Hani , Landau Heather , Zhang Yanming , Xiao Wenbin , Roshal Mikhail , Park Jae H.
Published: February 2023

Lenalidomide is an effective component of induction and maintenance therapy for multiple myeloma, though with a risk of secondary malignancies, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In contrast to therapy-related myeloid neoplasia, lenalidomide-associated lymphoblastic neoplasia remains poorly characterized. We conducted a dual institution retrospective study of 32 ALL cases that arose after lenalidomide maintenance (all B-lineage, 31/32 BCR::ABL-negative). B-cell ALL (B-ALL) was diagnosed at median 54 months (range, 5-119) after first exposure to lenalidomide and after median 42 months of cumulative lenalidomide exposure (range, 2-114). High incidence of TP53 mutations (9/19 evaluable cases) and low hypodiploidy (8/26 patients) were identified. Despite median age of 65 years and poor-risk B-ALL features observed in the cohort, rates of complete response (CR) or CR with incomplete hematologic recovery were high (25/28 patients receiving treatment). Median event-free survival was 35.4 months among treated patients (not reached among those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation [HCT]). Sixteen patients remain alive without evidence of B-ALL after HCT or extended maintenance therapy. We also describe regression of B-ALL or immature B-cell populations with B-ALL immunophenotype after lenalidomide discontinuation in 5 patients, suggesting lenalidomide may drive leukemic progression even after initiation of lymphoblastic neoplasia and that lenalidomide withdrawal alone may be an appropriate first-line intervention in selected patients. Monitoring for early B-ALL–like proliferations may offer opportunities for lenalidomide withdrawal to prevent progression. Established combination chemotherapy regimens, newer surface antigen-targeted approaches, and allogeneic HCT are effective in many patients with lenalidomide-associated B-ALL and should be offered to medically fit patients.
Pulse amplitude ratio under noninvasive ventilation as a new method in the diagnosis of left heart failure in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Bel Haj Ali Khaoula , Sekma Adel , Chamtouri Ikram , Beltaief Kaouthar , Msolli Mohamed Amine , Mezgar Zied , Bouida Wahid , Boukef Riadh , Boubaker Hamdi , Grissa Mohamed Habib , Nouira Semir
Published: February 2023

Background

Left heart failure (LHF) is commonly associated with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) but its role is often underestimated.

Aim of study

To evaluate the performance of a new diagnostic technique based on the measurement of the pulse amplitude ratio (PAR) using non-invasive ventilation (NIV) for the early identification LHF in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) for AECOPD.

Results

73 patients were included in this study: 32 in LHF group and 41 in non LHF- group. The two groups had comparable demographic and clinical characteristics at admission. The mean values of PARNIV was significantly higher among LHF patients (0.86 vs. 0.71; p < 0.01). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PARNIV was 0.75. Using the best cut-off (0.6), the sensitivity of PARNIV was 93% with a specificity 21%, a positive predictive value of 48%, and a negative predictive value of 81%. Correlation between PARNIV and BNP was significant (r = 0.52; p = 0.002).

Conclusion

Measurement of PARNIV in patients presenting to the ED with AECOPD had a good diagnostic performance for the detection of LHF and could represent an interesting alternative for the currently available methods.

Trial registration The study was registered in the Clinical Trial Registration System (clinicaltrials.gov) under the study number NCT05189119, https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/prs/app/action/SelectProtocol?sid=S000BOO4&selectaction=Edit&uid=U0000QAM&ts=2&cx=qrmluh.
Prevalence and risk factors of antibodies towards HLA Class I and Class II in Malaysian renal transplant candidates
Authors: Khairul-Fahmy Norfarhana , Ismail Jamiila , Koay Bee Tee , Md-Zakariah Muhammad Zhafri , Mansor Salawati , Zulkifli Nordalila , Mat-Ali Siti Fatimah , Mohamed Rozinah , Mustafa Norhazlin , Arip Masita
Published: February 2023

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) still persists as the major hurdle towards successful renal allograft survival. This paper aims to report on the HLA antibody landscape of renal transplant candidates in Malaysia. A total of 2,219 adult samples from 2016 to 2019 were analysed for anti-HLA antibodies using solid-phase assay. Our findings highlight the prevalence and risk factors for antibodies against HLA antigens in renal transplant settings, which could be beneficial for selecting compatible recipients from deceased organ donors. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that ethnic Malay and Chinese showed significantly higher prevalence of anti-HLA antibodies. Based on our multivariate analysis: (i) female gender was associated with higher risk for panel reactive antibodies (PRAs) against Class I, Class II, and Class I and II (p < 0.001); (ii) older patients (≥ 38 years old) were associated with higher risk of positivity against Class I, Class II and Class I and II (p < 0.001); (iii) Malays showed significant association with Class II antibodies (p = 0.035); Chinese patients presented with higher risk of PRA positivity against Class II (p < 0.001) and Class I and II (p = 0.01); Indians were significantly associated with higher risk of HLA antibody sensitization against Class I (p = 0.022), Class II (p = 0.026) and Class I and II (p = 0.05). Thus, our findings suggested that female gender, older age (≥ 38 years old) and ethnicity may serve as independent risk factors for HLA antibody sensitization in adult renal transplant candidates.
Sociodemographic differences in Covid-19 vaccine uptake in Denmark: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Gram Mie Agermose , Moustsen-Helms Ida Rask , Valentiner-Branth Palle , Emborg Hanne-Dorthe
Published: February 2023

Background

Covid-19 vaccination is the main strategy to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, mortality and morbidity. This study aimed to examine sociodemographic differences in Covid-19 vaccine uptake among all individuals invited for Covid-19 vaccination in Denmark.

Methods

This study was designed as a nationwide register-based cohort study. The study population included all Danish residents aged 12 years or above in Denmark between December 27, 2020 and October 20, 2021. Individuals who died during the study period before receiving an invitation for Covid-19 vaccination were excluded. Associations between sociodemographic factors and Covid-19 vaccination uptake were analyzed using logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, immigration status, educational level, disposable income and history of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results

The study population included 5,164,558 individuals. The overall vaccination coverage was 87.1% by October 20, 2021. In the full adjusted logistic regression models, the highest ORs for non-vaccination were observed among individuals aged 12–24 years (OR: 8.99 (95% CI: 8.76–9.23)), descendants of non-western immigrants (OR: 5.26 (95% CI: 5.18–5.33)), individuals who never had a PCR-test performed (OR: 2.93 (95% CI: 2.90–2.96)), individuals with primary school as highest completed educational level (OR: 2.87 (95% CI: 2.83–2.91)) and individuals with disposable income < 33,605 EUR (OR: 3.72 (95% CI: 3.52–3.93)).

Conclusion

Overall, the Covid-19 vaccine uptake was high in Denmark. However, large sociodemographic differences in the vaccine uptake exist. The youngest age groups had the lowest vaccination coverage. Furthermore, the impact of the sociodemographic factors was more pronounced in the youngest age groups. The identified determinants may be used to design policies to help maximize the vaccination coverage.
Evidence for recency of practice standards for regulated health practitioners in Australia: a systematic review
Authors: Main Penelope Ann Elizabeth , Anderson Sarah
Published: February 2023

Background

Health practitioner regulators throughout the world use registration standards to define the requirements health practitioners need to meet for registration. These standards commonly include recency of practice (ROP) standards designed to ensure that registrants have sufficient recent practice in the scope in which they intend to work to practise safely. As the ROP registration standards for most National Boards are currently under review, it is timely that an appraisal of current evidence be carried out.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted using databases (including MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL), search engines, and a review of grey literature published between 2015 and April 2022. Publications included in the review were assessed against the relevant CASP checklist for quantitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies.

Results

The search yielded 65 abstracts of which 12 full-text articles met the inclusion criteria. Factors that appear to influence skills retention include the length of time away from practice, level of previous professional experience and age, as well as the complexity of the intervention. The review was unable to find a clear consensus on the period of elapsed time after which a competency assessment should be completed.

Conclusions

Factors that need to be taken into consideration in developing ROP standards include length of time away from practice, previous experience, age and the complexity of the intervention, however, there is a need for further research in this area.
Metabolic classifications of renal cell carcinoma reveal intrinsic connections with clinical and immune characteristics
Authors: Li Le , Chao Zheng , Waikeong Un , Xiao Jun , Ge Yue , Wang Yanan , Xiong Zezhong , Ma Sheng , Wang Zhihua , Hu Zhiquan , Zeng Xing
Published: February 2023

Background

Kidney cancer undergoes a dramatic metabolic shift and has demonstrated responsiveness to immunotherapeutic intervention. However, metabolic classification and the associations between metabolic alterations and immune infiltration in Renal cell carcinoma still remain elucidative.

Methods

Unsupervised consensus clustering was conducted on the TCGA cohorts for metabolic classification. GESA, mRNAsi, prognosis, clinical features, mutation load, immune infiltration and differentially expressed gene differences among different clusters were compared. The prognosis model and nomograms were constructed based on metabolic gene signatures and verified using external ICGC datasets. Immunohistochemical results from Human Protein Atlas database and Tongji hospital were used to validate gene expression levels in normal tissues and tumor samples. CCK8, apoptosis analysis, qPCR, subcutaneously implanted murine models and flowcytometry analysis were applied to investigate the roles of ACAA2 in tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity.

Results

Renal cell carcinoma was classified into 3 metabolic subclusters and the subcluster with low metabolic profiles displayed the poorest prognosis, highest invasiveness and AJCC grade, enhanced immune infiltration but suppressive immunophenotypes. ACAA2, ACAT1, ASRGL1, AKR1B10, ABCC2, ANGPTL4 were identified to construct the 6 gene-signature prognosis model and verified both internally and externally with ICGC cohorts. ACAA2 was demonstrated as a tumor suppressor and was associated with higher immune infiltration and elevated PD-1 expression of CD8+ T cells.

Conclusions

Our research proposed a new metabolic classification method for RCC and revealed intrinsic associations between metabolic phenotypes and immune profiles. The identified gene signatures might serve as key factors bridging tumor metabolism and tumor immunity and warrant further in-depth investigations.
Prognostic value of baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy
Authors: Xia Lianshuang , Li Xiaoxu , Zhu Jie , Gao Zhaisong , Zhang Ju , Yang Guangjie , Wang Zhenguang
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To investigate the prognostic value of baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy.

Methods

A total of 98 ESCC patients with cTNM stage T1-4, N1-3, M0 who received definitive (chemo)radiotherapy after 18F-FDG PET/CT examination from December 2013 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical factors included age, sex, histologic differentiation grade, tumor location, clinical stage, and treatment strategies. Parameters obtained by 18F-FDG PET/CT included SUVmax of primary tumor (SUVTumor), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), SUVmax of lymph node (SUVLN), PET positive lymph nodes (PLNS) number, the shortest distance between the farthest PET positive lymph node and the primary tumor in three-dimensional space after the standardization of the patient BSA (SDmax(LN-T)). Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox proportional hazard model to explore the significant factors affecting overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in ESCC patients.

Results

Univariate analysis showed that tumor location, SUVTumor, MTV, TLG, PLNS number, SDmax (LN-T) were significant predictors of OS and tumor location, and clinical T stage, SUVTumor, MTV, TLG, SDmax (LN-T) were significant predictors of PFS (all p < 0.1). Multivariate analysis showed that MTV and SDmax (LN-T) were independent prognostic factors for OS (HR = 1.018, 95% CI 1.006–1.031; p = 0.005; HR = 6.988, 95% CI 2.119–23.042; p = 0.001) and PFS (HR = 1.019, 95% CI 1.005–1.034; p = 0.009; HR = 5.819, 95% CI 1.921–17.628; p = 0.002). Combined with independent prognostic factors MTV and SDmax (LN-T), we can further stratify patient risk.

Conclusions

Before treatment, 18F-FDG PET/CT has important prognostic value for patients with ESCC treated with definitive (chemo)radiotherapy. The lower the value of MTV and SDmax (LN-T), the better the prognosis of patients.
Early versus delayed treatment of lateral condylar fracture of the humerus with > 2 mm displacement in children: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Biao , Gao Rongxuan , Li Zhenwei , Guo Zhanhao , Ji Zejuan , Li Weili , Sun Keming
Published: February 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and functional outcomes of early versus delayed treatment of pediatric lateral condylar fractures of the humerus with a displacement greater than 2 mm.

Methods

Sixty-seven children treated surgically at our hospital from March 2016 to September 2021 for lateral condylar fracture of the humerus with displacement > 2 mm were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into two groups where early surgery consisted of patients being operated on within 24-h post-injury (n = 36) and delayed surgery consisted of children operated after 24-h post-injury (n = 31). Clinical and functional results were compared between the two groups.

Results

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of operation time, blood loss and incidences of perioperative complications. However, mean length of incision was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) in the delayed treatment group (5.68 ± 1.08 cm) compared to the early treatment group (3.89 ± 0.82 cm). No differences were found in functional outcomes, consisting of the Baumann angle of the affected limb, the carrying angle, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, and Flynn’s criteria at final follow-up.

Conclusions

Delay in surgery for more than 24 h after injury does not influence the clinical and functional results for lateral condylar fracture of the humerus with displacement > 2 mm in children. However, delayed open reduction and pinning may increase the incision length possibly due to increased edema.
Areas of improvement in the medical care of SMA: evidence from a nationwide patient registry in Germany
Authors: Leibrock Berenike , Landfeldt Erik , Hussong Justine , Huelle Tabea , Mattheus Hannah , Thiele Simone , Walter Maggie C. , Zemlin Michael , Moehler Eva , Dillman Ullrich , Abner Sophia , Flotats-Bastardas Marina
Published: February 2023

Background

Management and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) has changed in recent years due to the introduction of novel transformative and potentially curative therapies resulting in the emergence of new disease phenotypes. Yet, little is known about the uptake and impact of these therapies in real-world clinical practice. The objective of this study was to describe current motor function, need of assistive devices, and therapeutic and supportive interventions provided by the healthcare system, as well as the socioeconomic situation of children and adults with different SMA phenotypes in Germany. We conducted a cross-sectional, observational study of German patients with genetically confirmed SMA identified and recruited via a nationwide SMA patient registry (www.sma-register.de) within the TREAT-NMD network. Study data was recorded directly from patient-caregiver pairs through a study questionnaire administered online via a dedicated study website.

Results

The final study cohort consisted of 107 patients with SMA. Of these, 24 were children and 83 adults. In total, about 78% of all participants were taking medication for SMA (predominantly nusinersen and risdiplam). All children with SMA1 were able to sit and 27% of children with SMA2 were able to stand or walk. Impaired upper limb function, scoliosis and bulbar dysfunction were observed more frequently in patients with reduced lower limb performance. Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy, as well as the use of cough assists were less common than indicated by care guidelines. Family planning and educational and employment status appear to be related to motor skill impairment.

Conclusions

We show that the natural history of disease has changed in Germany following improvements in SMA care and the introduction of novel therapies. Yet, a non-trivial proportion of patients remain untreated. We also identified considerable limitations in rehabilitation and respiratory care, as well as low labour-market participation among adults with SMA, calling for action to improve the current situation.
Sharp bounds for Hardy-type operators on mixed radial-angular central Morrey spaces
Authors: Wei Mingquan , Yan Dunyan
Published: February 2023

By using the rotation method, a sharp bound for an n-dimensional Hardy operator on mixed radial-angular central Morrey spaces is obtained. Furthermore, a sharp weak-type estimate for an n-dimensional Hardy operator on mixed radial-angular central Morrey spaces is established. In addition, we also calculate the sharp constant for an n-dimensional m-linear Hardy operator from product mixed radial-angular central Morrey spaces to mixed radial-angular weak central Morrey spaces. Since mixed radial-angular central Morrey spaces are generalizations of both central Morrey spaces and mixed radial-angular spaces, the main theorems in this paper extend various existing results to a more general setting.
Realizing sensations: analyzing Paul Cezanne’s watercolors and assessing their light sensitivity with microfade testing
Authors: Haddad Abed , Neufeld Laura , Martins Ana
Published: February 2023

The exhibition Cézanne Drawing at The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) brought together an exceptional group of works on paper from public and private collections across the globe. Recognizing the inherent light sensitivity of both the paper and watercolors, controlling, and tracking light exposure was central to the exhibition planning. This concern also led to a systematic study of three watercolors in the museum’s collection, Foliage (1895), Study of Trees (1895), and Mont Sainte-Victoire (1902-06), to characterize the watercolor paints used by Cezanne in these works and their sensitivity to light exposure, and to better understand the condition of the drawings based on the palette’s chemistry. Examination and analysis were undertaken non-invasively and micro-invasively with the following techniques: Infrared Reflectography (IRR), Ultraviolet Fluorescence Photography (UVF), Raman and surface-enhanced Raman (SERS) spectroscopies in addition to X-Ray fluorescence analysis on small spots and large areas using portable (p-XRF) and XRF scanning, respectively. The palette for these three watercolor drawings includes lead white, bone black, vermilion, yellow ochre, chrome yellow, emerald green, viridian, cobalt blue, and synthetic alizarin and carmine lakes. Microfade testing (MFT) was performed on the paper support and spots with each identified pigment, and the data acquired was evaluated both for color change (ΔE00) and rate of color change (

$$\frac{\partial \Delta {E}_{00}}{\partial t}$$

∂
Δ

E
00

∂
t

). Together these techniques inform the future display and loan of these and similarly fugitive watercolors in Cézanne’s oeuvre.
Factors associated with wasting and stunting among children aged 06–59 months in South Ari District, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Toma Temesgen Mohammed , Andargie Kassahun Tamene , Alula Rahel Abera , Kebede Bahiru Mulatu , Gujo Mintesinot Melka
Published: February 2023

Background

Child undernutrition is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite different nutrition-specific and sensitive interventions implemented by the government. However, evidence regarding the burden and responsible factors is limited in the South Ari district. Hence, this study aimed to assess factors associated with wasting and stunting among children aged 06–59 months in the South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia, 2021.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 11 to April 11, 2021, among 717 households with at least one child aged 06–59 months. Anthropometric measurements were taken using standard procedures and were converted to height for age Z score and weight-for-height using WHO Anthro software Version 3.2.2. Data were checked and entered into Epi-Data Version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0. Binary logistic regression analysis was fitted to identify predictors of wasting and stunting. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Result

The prevalence of wasting and stunting among children aged 06–59 months in the district was 9.1% (95% CI: 7.07%, 11.41%) and 59.97% (95% CI: 56.28%, 63.58%), respectively. Family size (8 and above) (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.31, 7.03), family size (5 to 7) (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.11, 3.81), poor and medium wealth index (AOR = 3.69, 95% CI: 1.65, 8.26) and (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.01, 5.16), insufficient maternal knowledge on child feeding practice (AOR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.31, 5.07), presence of diarrhea in the past two weeks (AOR = 2.05, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.85), non-exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.51, 4.65), and birth interval of < 24 months (AOR = 4.49, 95% CI: 2.40, 8.37) were factors significantly associated with wasting. Whereas, children in the age group of 24–59 months (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.58, 3.16), non-exclusive breastfeeding (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.65), birth interval of fewer than 24 months (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.14), sub-optimal child dietary diversity score (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14, 2.22), being a non-beneficiary of productive safety-net program (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.95), and household food insecurity (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.86, 3.64) were factors significantly associated with stunting.

Conclusions

Wasting and stunting were found to be key public health problems in the South Ari District. Hence, further interventions should consider strategies to enhance household food security and integration of productive safety net programs with primary health care services. Rigorous work is required in advocating and strengthening the provision of family planning services, child care, and integrated management of common childhood illnesses. Moreover, behavioral change communication is highly demanded to improve child feeding practices.
Development of novel betabaculovirus (HycuGV-Hc1) as a biopesticide (HycuGV-TR61) and its efficacy on the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) larvae
Authors: Bayramoglu Zeynep , Gencer Donus , Demir Ismail
Published: February 2023

Background

The aim of this study was to develop an oil formulation from a local betabaculovirus.Hyphantria cuneaDrury (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) granulovirus (HycuGV-Hc1) was isolated from the infected larvae to test its efficacy on the pest. The oil formulation was prepared by mixing the viral suspension with sunflower oil and some adjuvants and named HycuGV-TR61. Crude virus and the formulations were carried out on third instarH. cunealarvae using 1 × 104–8OBs /ml concentrations and were exposed to temperatures (28, 35, and 42 °C) and UV-B light at different periods (0, 1, 3, 5 h).

Results

The mortality rate, which was 50% at the lowest concentration (1 × 104OB/ml), reached 99.86% at the highest concentration (1 × 108OB/ml). LC50values of fresh and old forms were calculated as 0.64 × 104and 0.87 × 104OBs/ml, respectively. Application of shelf life showed that there was non-significant change in the pathogenic activity of the formulation with time. In the experiments, it was observed that the activity decreased as the temperature and time of exposure increased. Significantly difference in larval mortality was observed when fresh and old formulations were exposed to 0, 1, 3 and 5 h to UV-B, (old: 96.7, 86, 80 and 60%; fresh: 97.1, 90, 85 and 62%, respectively).

Conclusions

The results revealed superior aspects of HycuGV-TR61, which was developed as a local viral biopesticide, its resistance to abiotic factors and its potential to be used in pest control.
Genetic association analysis of rs662799 ( − 1131A > G) polymorphism of APOA5 gene with morphometric and physio-metric traits using multiplex PCR
Authors: Fatma Rafat , Chauhan Waseem , Riyaz Seema , Rasheed Khalid , Afzal Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Background

The apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene, significantly expressed in liver, has been involved in regulation of triglyceride metabolism, plasma lipid levels, serum adipokine levels and cardiovascular traits. A single-nucleotide polymorphism rs662799 ( − 1131A > G), 2 Kb upstream in the promoter region of this gene, causes decrease in the concentration of the product coded by this gene; hence, it may be responsible for impairments in normal function of the gene, ultimately leading to disease condition. Keeping in view the importance of APOA5 gene, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of genetic variant rs662799 of APOA5 gene with two quantitative traits simultaneously, viz. body mass index and blood pressure.

Results

The study involved a population of 246 subjects from North Indian region. Measurements of morphometric and physio-metric parameters were recorded using standard measures. Genotyping of APOA5 gene polymorphism (rs662799) using Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR was performed. Statistical analyses were carried out using MS-Excel and SigmaPlot, and significance level was setup as p < 0.05. The allelic distribution of rs662799 polymorphism in this population was 77% for major allele (A) and 23% for minor allele (G). Significant association of rs662799 with increased body mass index and blood pressure was observed, with the presence of allele G. Under recessive genetic model, rs662799 polymorphism conferred a 17.71-fold risk of elevated body mass index (OR = 17.71, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 4.05–77.46), and for increase in blood pressure, 3.79- and 3.83-fold risk of systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 3.792, p = 0.023, CI (95%) = 1.25–11.509 and OR = 3.83, p = 0.012, CI (95%) = 1.375–10.68, respectively) was observed. Under dominant genetic model, it showed a 3.060-fold risk of increase in body mass index (OR = 3.060, p < 0.001, CI (95%) = 1.78–5.25).

Conclusions

G allele of rs662799 of APOA5 gene showed significant susceptible association with BMI and BP. This study may be helpful for clinicians and researchers to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the gene in question.
A systematic review on the biological evaluation of Calotropis procera (Aiton) Dryand
Authors: Dogara Abdulrahman Mahmoud
Published: February 2023

Background

Humans have used plants as a safe and effective medicine for a wide range of ailments ever since the earliest days of civilization. Calotropis procera potential as a treatment for a variety of ailments has been known for quite some time. This xerophytic, upright shrub grows to a height of about 6 m and can be found in the tropics of Africa and Asia. Its parts have been used to cure a variety of ailments, including rheumatism, fever, dysentery, diabetes, malaria, asthma, and many more. Here, we provide a synopsis of the available biological data and discuss the possible ways in which Calotropis procera could be used as a novel platform for the treatment of a wide range of diseases.

Main body

High antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antianalgesic, antimicrobial, antimalaria, antidiabetic, wound-healing, hepato-protective, nerve-recovery, antiulcer, insecticidal, and anticancer effects have been observed in the latex. The research also found that excessive intake has negative health effects.

Conclusion

The review discovered that the biological evaluation of C. procera in vitro and in vivo animal models was well documented. Human safety and efficacy, however, have yet to be thoroughly tested, and additional well-designed clinical trials are required to confirm preclinical findings. It is essential to establish a standard dose and assure its safety.
The dose regimen formulation of doxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol injection based on ex vivo pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling against the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in pigs
Authors: Yuan Yuanyuan , An Boyu , Xie Shuyu , Qu Wei , Hao Haihong , Huang Lingli , Luo Wanhe , Liang Jixiang , Peng Dapeng
Published: February 2023

Doxycycline hydrochloride and florfenicol combination (DoxHcl&FF) is an effective treatment for respiratory diseases. In the study, our objective was to evaluate the activity of DoxHcl&FF against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) in porcine pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and the optimal dosage scheme to avoid the development of resistance. The DoxHcl&FF was administered intramuscularly (IM) at 20 mg/kg, and the PELF was collected at different time points. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time-mortality curves were also included in the study. Based on the sigmoid Emax equation and dose equations, the study integrated the in vivo pharmacokinetic data of infected pigs and ex vivo pharmacodynamic data to obtain the area under concentration time curve (AUC0-24h)/MIC values in PELF and achieve bacteriostatic activity, bactericidal activity and the virtual eradication of bacteria. The study showed that the combination of DoxHcl and FF caused no significant changes in PK parameters. The peak concentration (Cmax) of FF in healthy and diseased pigs was 8.87 ± 0.08 μg/mL and 8.67 ± 0.07 μg/mL, the AUC0-24h were 172.75 ± 2.52 h·μg/mL and 180.22 ± 3.13 h·μg/mL, the Cmax of DoxHcl was 7.91 ± 0.09 μg/mL and 7.99 ± 0.05 μg/mL, and the AUC0-24h was 129.96 ± 3.70 h·μg/mL and 169.82 ± 4.38 h·μg/mL. DoxHcl&FF showed strong concentration-dependent tendencies. The bacteriostatic, bactericidal, and elimination activity were calculated as 5.61, 18.83 and 32.68 h, and the doses were 1.37 (bacteriostatic), 4.59 (bactericidal) and 7.99 (elimination) mg/kg. These findings indicated that the calculated recommended dose could assist in achieving more precise administration, increasing the effectiveness of DoxHcl&FF treatment for APP infections.
The Impact of Dietary Cholesterol on Low-Density Lipoprotein: Lessons in Absorption and Overconsumption
Authors: Porter Michael , Wellons Melissa
Published: February 2023

This case describes a 58-year-old woman with past medical history of ulcerative colitis, hyperlipidemia, and radiological evidence of atherosclerosis without prior cardiovascular disease who presented for management of hyperlipidemia. At baseline, her lipid panel in 2015 noted a calculated low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) of 125 mg/dL (3.2 mmol/L). Over the course of the next 5 years, she developed severe LDL elevations to >400 mg/dL (>10.3 mmol/L) following the addition of 1600 mg dietary cholesterol daily achieved through 9 eggs. Following cessation of this intake she had dramatic improvements in LDL, which was later further augmented significantly by initiation of ezetimibe. The impact of dietary cholesterol on lipid profiles has long been an area of controversy, and, for the average American, current guidelines do not recommend egg restriction as an effective tool for LDL lowering. However, as highlighted in this case, certain individuals may be more prone to high LDL when consuming high cholesterol diets. Further study on how to better identify these susceptible individuals could help improve nutritional and medication treatment plans for patients with dyslipidemia.
Metabolically Healthy Obesity is not a Myth
Authors: Farabi Sarah S , Smith Gordon I , Yoshino Jun , Klein Samuel
Published: February 2023

People with obesity who do not have the metabolic syndrome or components of the metabolic syndrome have been characterized as having metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). However, the existence of MHO has been questioned because people with MHO are at greater risk of developing diabetes and fatal cardiovascular disease than people who are lean and healthy. Here we report findings from a 25-year-old woman with rigorously defined MHO (normal oral glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity [assessed using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure], plasma triglyceride, and intrahepatic triglyceride content) evaluated at baseline (body mass index, 37.7 kg/m2) and 5 years later, after a 32% (30.8 kg) increase in body mass (BMI, 49.6 kg/m2). Weight gain did not have adverse effects on fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance, β-cell function, insulin sensitivity, plasma triglyceride, intrahepatic triglyceride content, or carotid intima-media thickness. Adipose tissue expression of genes involved in extracellular matrix formation remained unchanged. Adipose tissue expression of several inflammation-related genes increased by more than 30%, but was not associated with a corresponding increase in plasma cytokine concentrations, with the exception of IL-6 and C-reactive protein. The present case study demonstrates that some people with obesity are resistant to the adverse cardiometabolic effects of excess adiposity and marked weight gain.
Significance of Pupillary Findings in Decision Making and Outcomes of World Federation of Neurological Societies Grade V Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Kobata Hitoshi , Ikawa Fusao , Sato Akira , Kato Yoko , Sano Hirotoshi
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND:

There is considerable debate regarding the definition of grade V subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recently, the Glasgow Coma Scale-Pupil (GCS-P) score was advocated for assessing traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE:

To study the significance of pupillary findings and GCS-P in the management and outcomes of the World Federation of Neurological Societies (WFNS) grade V SAH.

METHODS:

We analyzed data obtained from a Japanese nationwide prospective registration study on the modified WFNS SAH grading system. Bilateral pupillary dilatation without reactivity was defined as pupil score 2, unilateral pupil dilation without reactivity as score 1, and no pupil dilatation with reactivity as score 0. The GCS-P score was calculated by subtracting the pupil score from the total GCS score. The characteristics and pupillary findings were examined in patients with each GCS score in WFNS grade V.

RESULTS:

Among 1638 patients, 472 (men/women = 161/311, age 67.0 ± 14.0 years) had a GCS score of ≤6 after initial resuscitation on arrival. Overall, lower GCS scores were associated with poorer neurological outcomes and higher mortality. Aneurysms were treated in 20.5%, 53.9%, and 67.5% of patients with pupil scores of 2, 1, and 0, respectively. Favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0-2) at 3 months occurred in 4.5%, 10.8%, and 21.4% in patients with pupil scores 2, 1, and 0, respectively (P < .0001), and in 0%, 0%, 13.6%, 28.6%, 16.7%, and 18.8% of patients with GCS-P scores 1 to 6 (P < .0001), respectively.

CONCLUSION:

Our study confirmed the significance of pupillary findings in decision making and outcomes of WFNS grade V SAH.
Synthesis of α-Substituted Alkenylammonium Salts through Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira Coupling
Authors: Yoshita Aoi , Sakakibara Yota , Murakami Kei
Published: February 2023

Alkenylammonium salts are a unique class of compounds, wherein an electron-withdrawing ammonio group is attached to an olefin. Although these salts are structurally simple, the synthesis of α-substituted alkenylammonium salts has been sparsely explored. Herein we report the synthesis of α-aryl and α-alkynylated alkenylammonium salts through Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira coupling.
Η πολιτική διαχείριση και αξιοποίηση του ενεργειακού δυναμικού στην Ανατολική Μεσόγειο και Αδριατική, σε σχέση με τον ιδιαίτερο ρόλο της Ελλάδας
Authors: Λιακάκος Λυκούργος
Published: February 2023

H διατριβή επιχειρεί να αναλύσει, αξιολογήσει και ερμηνεύσει την πολιτική ενεργειακής διαχείρισης στην περιοχή της Νοτιοανατολικής Μεσογείου και της Αδριατικής, καθώς και στον ρόλο που καλείται να διαδραματίσει η Ελλάδα από τηνιδιαίτερη γεωγραφική της θέση. Η προστιθέμενη αξία της διατριβής έγκειται, μεταξύ άλλων, στη διεπιστημονική μεθοδολογική προσέγγιση που ακολουθείται, η οποία στηρίζεται στη διασύνδεση γνώσεων διαφόρων κλάδων επιστημών.Το επίκεντρο της έρευνας, αφορά στην πολιτική ενεργειακής διαχείρισης στην περιοχή της Νοτιοανατολικής Μεσογείου και της Αδριατικής, καθώς και στον ρόλο που καλείται ναδιαδραματίσει η Ελλάδα από την ιδιαίτερη γεωγραφική της θέση. Η κεντρική της ιδέα απαρτίζεται από τον συνδυασμό της νομικής έρευνας με τηνεξωτερική πολιτική, την ενεργειακή διαχείριση, την οικονομία, των διεθνών σχέσεων, την βιωσιμότητα και την αειφορία, τη διπλωματία, την ιστορίας, αλλά και την τεχνολογία με επίκεντρο το ενεργειακό δυναμικό στην Αδριατική Θάλασσα και την Νοτιοανατολική Μεσόγειο, καθώς και τον σημαίνων ρόλο της Ελλάδας.
Επίπεδα προφυλακτικών αντιβιοτικών στον οφθαλμικό βολβό και κλινική συσχέτιση αυτών σε χειρουργικούς ασθενείς
Authors: Καγκελάρης Κωνσταντίνος
Published: February 2023

Σκοπός: Μια προοπτική, τυχαιοποιημένη κλινικο-εργαστηριακή μελέτη διεξήχθη για την αξιολόγηση της συγκέντρωσης της οφλοξασίνης στο υδατοειδές υγρό (YΥ) των ασθενών που πάσχουν από νόσο του ξηρού οφθαλμού (DED) έπειτα από τοπική ενστάλαξη κολλυρίου. Υλικά και Μέθοδος: Ενενήντα ένας (91) ασθενείς που έπασχαν από καταρράκτη και είχαν προγραμματιστεί για χει-ρουργείο φακοθρυψίας κατηγοριοποιήθηκαν σε τρεις ομάδες ανάλογα με τη σοβαρότητα της DED. Η ομάδα Ι (n = 17) αποτελούνταν από άτομα χωρίς DED, οι ασθενείς στην ομάδα II (n = 37) αξιολογήθηκαν ως έχοντες μη σοβαρή DED, ενώ η ομάδα III (n = 37) αποτελούνταν από ασθενείς που έπασχαν από σοβαρή DED. Προεγχειρητικά, οι ασθενείς έλαβαν 4 σταγόνες κολ-λυρίου οφλοξασίνης 0,3% σε διαστήματα 15 λεπτών. Μία ώρα μετά την τελευταία ενστάλαξη, τα δείγματα ΥΥ συλλέχθηκαν διεγχειρητικά. Αποτελέσματα: Η διάμεση τιμή της συγκέντρωσης της οφλοξασίνης στο ΥΥ στην ομάδα Ι ήταν 199,9 ng/mL (εύρος 92,2 – 442,8 ng/mL), ενώ στην ομάδα ΙΙ ήταν 530,5 ng/mL (εύρος 283,7 – 1004,9 ng/mL) και 719,2 ng/mL (εύρος 358,0 – 1512,4 ng/mL) στην Ομάδα ΙΙΙ, p < 0,001 (έλεγχος Kruskal-Wallis). Ο έλεγχος κατά ζεύγη (two-sided με post hoc διόρθωση Bonferroni) μεταξύ των ομά-δων κατάδειξε τιμή p = 0,001 όταν η ομάδα ΙΙ συγκρίθηκε με την ομάδα Ι και η ομάδα ΙΙΙ συ-γκρίθηκε με την ομάδα Ι, και τιμή p = 0,026 όταν η ομάδα ΙΙ συγκρίθηκε με την ομάδα ΙΙΙ. Η σο-βαρότητα της DED, στις ομάδες I, II και III, σε συνάρτηση με τα επίπεδα της οφλοξασίνης απο-κάλυψαν μια ισχυρή θετική συσχέτιση (r = 0,639, p < 0,001).Συμπεράσματα: Η συγκέντρωση της οφλοξασίνης στο ΥΥ έπειτα από τοπική ενστάλαξη κολλυρίου μπορεί να επηρεαστεί από το βαθμό φλεγμονής της οφθαλμικής επιφάνειας σε ασθενείς που πάσχουν από DED.
A PowerPack of SuperScientists: An innovative concept by African scientists to address gender bias and inequity in science
Authors: Mthembu Maphe , Baiyegunhi Omolara , Mdleleni Yanga , Ndlovu Lerato , Keal Hannah , Waddilove Kim , Yarrow Justin C. , Kasprowicz Victoria , Ndung'u Thumbi , Wong Emily B.
Published: February 2023

Underrepresentation of women in scientific leadership is a global problem. To understand and counter narratives that limit gender equity in African science, we conducted a public engagement campaign. Scientists representing six sub-Saharan African countries and multiple career stages used superhero imagery to create a diverse and unified team advocating for gender equity in science. In contrast to many traditional scientific environments and global campaigns, this “PowerPack of SuperScientists” was led by early-career Black female scientists whose perspectives are often under-represented in discussions about gender equity in science. The superhero imagery served as a powerful and fun antidote to imposter syndrome and helped to subvert traditional power structures based on age, race and sex. In an interactive social media campaign, the PowerPack developed insights into three themes: a) cultural stereotypes that limit women’s scientific careers, b) the perception of a “conflict” between family and career responsibilities for women scientists, and c) solutions that can be adopted by key stakeholders to promote gender equity in African science. The PowerPack proposed solutions that could be undertaken by women working individually or collectively and interventions that require allyship from men, commitment from scientific institutions, and wider societal change. Further work is required to fully engage African scientists from even more diverse and disadvantaged backgrounds and institutions in these solutions and to enhance commitment by different stakeholders to achieving gender equity in science. Our experience suggests that creative tools should be used to subvert power dynamics and bring fresh perspectives and urgency to this topic.
TEACHING E-COMMERCE TERMINOLOGY
Authors: Coanca Mariana
Published: February 2023

In this paper we emphasize the fact that teaching e-commerce terminology is not an easy-doing task, taking into account that terminology is an interdisciplinary science that deals with the classification and standardisation of the specialised vocabulary, by giving relevant information in a technical-scientific framework. The major goal of this science is to enforce the terms and describe them according to proper and current communicative situations, using the methods and principles of linguistics. (the linguistic description of terms). Nowadays, teaching new, emerging terminologies has been strengthened at an international level. Teaching e-commerce terminology can be very challenging for teachers and students: on the one hand, it cannot be achieved without the linguistic analysis of the terms, but on the other hand students become more and more interested in the new terminological trends. Furthermore, e-commerce terminology becomes functional if the teaching process is also based on the tight collaboration between teachers and e-commerce experts, helping teachers to present and explain e-commerce terms in a vulgarised manner. Teachers, in their turn, manage to find suitable teaching methods to enhance the students’ knowledge in an interdisciplinary approach. Thus, teaching is productive after the linguistic analysis of e-commerce terms and the functional degree of certain terms is relevant in various fields: economics, marketing, information technology. The collaboration between teachers, terminologists and marketing specialists leads to the efficient flow of e-commerce terms through proper definitions of the e-commerce terms, registered in online glossaries, dictionaries. At this point, teachers can test the students’ level of comprehension and take new pedagogic measures (e.g. students are required to fill in the blanks with suitable terms according to their definitions) in order to enhance the acquisition of new terms.