bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of IL-17A, IL-17F, and miR-146a-5p Prior to Transplantation and Their Role in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Wysoczańska Barbara , Dratwa Marta , Nieszporek Artur , Niepiekło-Miniewska Wanda , Kamińska Dorota , Ramuś Tomasz , Rasała Julia , Krajewska Magdalena , Bogunia-Kubik Katarzyna
Published: May 2024

Background/Objectives: The balance between regulatory and Th17 cells plays an important role in maintaining the immune tolerance after kidney transplantation (KTx) which is essential for transplantation success, defined as a long graft survival and an absence of organ rejection. The present study aimed to assess whether the pretransplant characteristics of IL-17A and IL-17F, their receptors, as well as miR-146a-5p, an miRNA associated with IL-17A/F regulation, can predict KTx outcomes. Methods: A group of 108 pre-KTx dialysis patients and 125 healthy controls were investigated for single nucleotide substitutions within genes coding for IL-17A, IL-17F, their IL-17RA/RC receptors, and miR-146a-5p. Genotyping was performed using LightSNiP assays. In addition, IL17-A/F serum concentrations were determined using ELISA while miR-146a-5p expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: The IL-17F (rs763780) G allele prevailed in KTx recipients as compared to healthy individuals (OR = 23.59, p < 0.0001) and was associated with a higher IL-17F serum level (p = 0.0381) prior to transplantation. Higher miR-146a-5p expression before KTx was more frequently detected in recipients with an increased IL-17A serum concentration (p = 0.0177). Moreover, IL-17A (rs2275913) GG homozygosity was found to be associated with an increased incidence of deaths before KTx (OR = 4.17, p = 0.0307). T-cell or acute rejection episodes were more frequently observed among patients with the C allele of miR-146a-5p (rs2910164) (OR = 5.38, p = 0.0531). IL17-RA/-RC genetic variants (p < 0.05) seem to be associated with eGFR values. Conclusions: These results imply that IL-17F (rs763780) polymorphism is associated with the serum level of this cytokine and may be related to the risk of renal disease and transplant rejection together with miR-146a-5p (rs2910164), while the IL-17A (rs2275913) genotype may affect patients’ survival before KTx.
Advances in Real-Time 3D Reconstruction for Medical Endoscopy
Authors: Richter Alexander , Steinmann Till , Rosenthal Jean-Claude , Rupitsch Stefan J.
Published: May 2024

This contribution is intended to provide researchers with a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art concerning real-time 3D reconstruction methods suitable for medical endoscopy. Over the past decade, there have been various technological advancements in computational power and an increased research effort in many computer vision fields such as autonomous driving, robotics, and unmanned aerial vehicles. Some of these advancements can also be adapted to the field of medical endoscopy while coping with challenges such as featureless surfaces, varying lighting conditions, and deformable structures. To provide a comprehensive overview, a logical division of monocular, binocular, trinocular, and multiocular methods is performed and also active and passive methods are distinguished. Within these categories, we consider both flexible and non-flexible endoscopes to cover the state-of-the-art as fully as possible. The relevant error metrics to compare the publications presented here are discussed, and the choice of when to choose a GPU rather than an FPGA for camera-based 3D reconstruction is debated. We elaborate on the good practice of using datasets and provide a direct comparison of the presented work. It is important to note that in addition to medical publications, publications evaluated on the KITTI and Middlebury datasets are also considered to include related methods that may be suited for medical 3D reconstruction.
F10 Gene Expression and Ethnic Disparities Present in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Porter Tyrel , Kucheryavykh Lilia
Published: May 2024

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) presents a significant health concern, particularly among Hispanic women in the United States, who exhibit a disproportionately higher chance of developing an advanced disease when compared to the non-Hispanic population. Emerging evidence suggests coagulation factor X, encoded by the F10 gene, has a potential role in inhibiting cancer cell migration. However, comprehensive investigations into the differential expression patterns of F10 in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic females remain limited. RNA-sequencing data were acquired from the TCGA database for white female patients, 166 non-Hispanic and 25 Hispanic. A statistically significant (p < 0.05) 2.06-fold increase in F10 expression levels was detected in disease-free tumors compared to recurrent PTC tumors. Furthermore, an increase in F10 gene expression levels was also observed, corresponding to approximately a 1.74-fold increase in non-Hispanic patients compared to Hispanic patients. The probability of tumor recurrence was 1.82 times higher in the cohort with low expression of F10 compared to the high-expression cohort, correlating with the lower disease-free rates observed in the Hispanic patient cohort when compared to non-Hispanics. This finding underscores the relevance of ethnic disparities in molecular profiles for understanding cancer susceptibility. Identifying F10 as a potential prognostic biomarker highlights avenues for targeted interventions and contributes to improving diagnostic and treatment strategies for diverse patient populations.
Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Diabetic Wistar Rats with Periodontal Disease
Authors: Scrobota Ioana , Tig Ioan Andrei , Marcu Andrea Olivia , Potra Cicalau Georgiana Ioana , Sachelarie Liliana , Iova Gilda
Published: May 2024

Background: The association of periodontal disease and diabetes is a subject of intense research in terms of etiopathology and treatment options. This research aimed to evaluate the modulation of the local inflammatory status by two natural extracts, curcumin (Cu) and rutin (R), in an experimentally induced diabetes and periodontal disease in Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to five groups: Control (C), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease (DP), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Curcumin (DPCu), Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with Rutin (DPR), and Diabetes-associated Periodontal Disease treated with both Curcumin and Rutin (DPCuR). Gingival samples were collected from all rats, and immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD20, and CD34 were evaluated to assess the local inflammatory infiltrate. Descriptive statistics were applied (SPSS24 Software, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: Rutin, alone or combined with Curcumin, reduced CD3-positive cell levels. Curcumin demonstrated superior efficacy in reducing CD20-positive cells. The combination of Curcumin and Rutin had the most important impact on both markers. Curcumin notably increased immature CD34-positive cell levels. Conclusions: Curcumin and Rutin, either alone or together, hold potential for reducing local inflammation in diabetes-induced periodontal disease in Wistar rats.
Iris Pigmented Lesions and Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma: Case–Control Study in Lithuania
Authors: Šemeklis Lukas , Kapitanovaitė Laura , Butrimas Grinvydas , Briedė Kamilija , Dubinskaitė Augustė , Žemaitienė Reda , Valiukevičienė Skaidra
Published: May 2024

The global incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) is rising, necessitating early detection and identification of risk factors across different populations. A case–control study with 180 patients with primary diagnosed CM and 182 healthy controls was conducted. Participants underwent ophthalmic and skin examinations, where the identification and counting of common melanocytic nevi (CMN) and atypical melanocytic nevi (AMN) was performed. During ophthalmic examination, high-resolution slit lamp iris images were taken. Images were categorized according to iris periphery, collaret, and freckles. There was no difference in iris periphery and collaret color between groups. However, blue/grey iris periphery and blue collaret with or without freckles were the most common patterns. The presence of pigmented iris lesions and 2–5 mm and ≥5 mm in diameter CMNs was strongly associated with CM risk. The evidence from this study indicates that blue or grey periphery and blue collaret iris pattern with iris freckles are 2.74 times higher in the CM group than controls. Further research is needed to explore iris patterns’ association with CM risk in diverse populations.
Application of the New Importance–Performance Analysis Method to Explore the Strategies of Rural Outdoor Dining Experiences in Taiwan
Authors: Li Shang-Pin
Published: May 2024

Taiwan is an island where the city and nature combine to become the most beautiful open-air museum in the world, known as Formosa. With climate change and industrial development as the main changes in consumption behavior, the integration of ecology, the environment, and agriculture into food culture is gradually becoming valued in Taiwan. This study explores the quality of the rural outdoor dining experience in Taiwan; therefore, questionnaires were distributed to outdoor dining attendees from the north, central, south, and east, and we obtained 396 valid questionnaires. The rural outdoor dining satisfaction experience can be improved using the innovative New Importance–Performance Analysis (NIPA) model, which is based on the original IPA methodology but modified by the performance of the risk management judge. Additionally, we applied the zone of tolerance (ZOT) to evaluate the quality of priority and the importance–performance analysis (IPA) to make innovation decisions. The model also encourages decision-makers to consider environmental factors and customer feedback. It has not only been used to measure customer satisfaction, assess customer behavior, identify customer needs, and determine areas where quality needs to be improved, but it can also be used to measure the success of business decisions and identify potential areas for improvement. The results show that rural outdoor dining experiences in Taiwan have led to the development of a low carbon economy and a new business model for operators in order to follow the result of NIPA and develop service marketing strategies.
Engineering Properties and Microstructure of Soils Stabilized by Red-Mud-Based Cementitious Material
Authors: Li Wentao , Huang Ke , Chen Feng , Li Lihua , Cheng Yang , Yang Kang
Published: May 2024

Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste generated in the process of aluminum refinement. The recycling and reusing of RM have become urgent problems to be solved. To explore the feasibility of using RM in geotechnical engineering, this study combined magnesium oxide (MgO) (or calcium oxide (CaO)) with RM as an RM-based binder, which was then used to stabilize the soil. The physical, mechanical, and micro-structural properties of the stabilized soil were investigated. As the content of MgO or CaO in the mixture increased, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the RM-based cementitious materials first increased and then decreased. For the soils stabilized with RM–MgO or RM–CaO, the UCS increased and then decreased, reaching a maximum at RM:MgO = 5:5 or RM:CaO = 8:2. The addition of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) promoted the hydration reaction. The UCS enhancement ranged from 8.09% to 66.67% for the RM–MgO stabilized soils and 204.6% to 346.6% for the RM–CaO stabilized soils. The optimum ratio of the RM–MgO stabilized soil (with NaOH) was 2:8, while that of the RM–CaO stabilized soil (with NaOH) was 4:6. Freeze–thaw cycles reduced the UCS of the stabilized soil, but the resistance of the stabilized soil to freeze–thaw erosion was significantly improved by the addition of RM–MgO or RM–CaO, and the soil stabilized with RM–MgO had better freeze–thaw resistance than that with RM–CaO. The hydrated magnesium silicate generated by the RM–MgO stabilized soil and the hydrated calcium silicate generated by the RM–CaO stabilized soil helped to improve the UCS of the stabilized soil. The freeze–thaw cycles did not weaken the formation of hydration products in the stabilized soil but could result in physical damage to the stabilized soils. The decrease in the UCS of the stabilized soil was mainly due to physical damage.
AZ91 Magnesium Alloy CMT Cladding Layer Processed Using Friction Stir Processing: Effect of Traverse Speed on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhao Huichao , Shen Junqi , Hu Shengsun , Zhen Yahui , Chen Yang
Published: May 2024

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state treating method to enhance the mechanical properties of materials by altering their microstructure. In this study, FSP was applied to the AZ91 magnesium alloy cladding layer prepared using cold metal transition (CMT) technology, and the purpose was to investigate the effect of the traverse speed of the H13 steel stirring head under a constant rotation speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the cladding layer. The results demonstrated that FSP could effectively decrease the grain size of the cladding layer and lead to the dispersion and dissolution of the coarse β-Mg17Al12 second phase into the α-Mg matrix. The mechanical characteristics of the processed cladding layer were significantly enhanced compared to the unprocessed cladding layer due to the grain refinement and second-phase strengthening induced by FSP. When the stirring head rotation speed was set at 300 r/min, the average microhardness and tensile properties of the specimens showed a tendency of initially increasing and then dropping as the traverse speed increased. The cladding layer, obtained at a traverse speed of 60 mm/min, displayed optimal mechanical properties with an average microhardness, tensile strength, and elongation of 85.6 HV0.1, 278.5 MPa, and 13.4%, respectively.
Dry Electrode Processing Technology and Binders
Authors: Zhang Kaiqi , Li Dan , Wang Xuehan , Gao Jingwan , Shen Huilin , Zhang Hao , Rong Changru , Chen Zheng
Published: May 2024

As a popular energy storage equipment, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have many advantages, such as high energy density and long cycle life. At this stage, with the increasing demand for energy storage materials, the industrialization of batteries is facing new challenges such as enhancing efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and improving battery performance. In particular, the challenges mentioned above are particularly critical in advanced next-generation battery manufacturing. For batteries, the electrode processing process plays a crucial role in advancing lithium-ion battery technology and has a significant impact on battery energy density, manufacturing cost, and yield. Dry electrode technology is an emerging technology that has attracted extensive attention from both academia and the manufacturing industry due to its unique advantages and compatibility. This paper provides a detailed introduction to the development status and application examples of various dry electrode technologies. It discusses the latest advancements in commonly used binders for different dry processes and offers insights into future electrode manufacturing.
Performance of Earth Plasters with Graphene-Based Additive
Authors: Gallo Stampino Paola , Ceccarelli Letizia , Caruso Marco , Mascheretti Laura , Dotelli Giovanni , Sabbadini Sergio
Published: May 2024

A central debate is the improvement in the mechanical and water resistance of sustainable earthen architecture without additives or stabilizers. This innovative work aims to test the effects of a graphene-based additive, optimized for the improvement in concrete properties, on the strength and water resistance of raw-earth plasters without any stabilizer other than sand. Given the heterogeneous nature of raw earth, three different soils were tested by adding three increasing graphene-based additive contents (0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 wt% of the earth–sand proportion). The link between soil intrinsic properties, i.e., geotechnical and mineralogical properties, and their interaction with the additive were investigated through geotechnical characterization, as well as mineralogical characterization, by XRD and ATR-FTIR analyses. The experimental tests carried out focused on the adhesion properties of the twelve different plasters on standard hollow bricks and on their interaction with water through capillary rise tests and erosion resistance tests. Conclusion from the experimental tests suggests that the graphene-based additive in earth plasters, by increasing the cohesion of the mixture, improves their adhesion performance.
Piezoelectric Actuators in Smart Engineering Structures Using Robust Control
Authors: Moutsopoulou Amalia , Petousis Markos , Vidakis Nectarios , Pouliezos Anastasios , Stavroulakis Georgios E.
Published: May 2024

In this study, piezoelectric patches are used as actuators to dampen structural oscillations. Damping oscillations is a significant engineering challenge, and the use of piezoelectric patches in smart structures allows for a reduction in oscillations through sophisticated control methods. This analysis involved H-infinity (H∞) robust analysis. H∞ (H-infinity) control formulation is a robust control design method used to ensure system stability and performance under disturbances. When applied to piezoelectric actuators in smart structures, H∞ control aims to design controllers that are robust to variations in system dynamics, external disturbances, and modeling uncertainties, while meeting specified performance criteria. This study outlines the piezoelectric effects and advanced control strategies. A structural model was created using finite elements, and a smart structural model was analyzed. Subsequently, dynamic loads were applied and oscillation damping was successfully achieved by employing advanced control techniques.
Research on the Effect Mechanism of Re on Interface Dislocation Networks of Ni–Based Single Crystal Alloys
Authors: Li Ben , Zhou Hongyan
Published: May 2024

The effect of interface dislocation networks on the mechanical properties of new Ni–based single crystal alloys containing Rhenium (Re) is very large. Because the interface dislocations are microscopic in the nano–scale range, this has not been investigated, and it is very difficult to prepare new Ni–based single crystal alloys containing Re. Therefore, six kinds of new Ni–based single crystal alloys containing Re were prepared, and the hardness tests and nonlinear ultrasonic lamb wave tests were performed on the samples. It was found that the density of interface dislocation networks increases with the increase in the content of Re, which improves the blocking ability of matrix phase dislocation cutting into precipitated phase and enhances the inhibition of dislocation movement. The nonlinear ultrasonic lamb wave tests showed that the materials exhibit better mechanical properties when the density of the interface dislocation networks increases. Meanwhile, a new molecular dynamics model which is closer to the real state of an Ni–based single crystal alloy was constructed to reveal the evolution mechanism of interface dislocation networks. The results showed that the potential energy of Re atoms at the interface is the lowest, which affects the reduction of the potential energy of other atoms at the interface, and thus the stability of the model is improved. In addition, according to the change in the total length of dislocation loops in the model system, with the increase in the content of Re atoms, the inhibition of dislocation movement by dislocation networks at the interface is strengthened.
Numerical Simulation of Lost-Foam Casting for Key Components of A356 Aluminum Alloy in New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Sun Chi , Cao Zhanyi , Jin Yanzhu , Cui Hongyu , Wang Chenggang , Qiu Feng , Shu Shili
Published: May 2024

The intricate geometry and thin walls of the motor housing in new energy vehicles render it susceptible to casting defects during conventional casting processes. However, the lost-foam casting process holds a unique advantage in eliminating casting defects and ensuring the strength and air-tightness of thin-walled castings. In this paper, the lost-foam casting process of thin-walled A356 alloy motor housing was simulated using ProCAST software (2016.0). The results indicate that the filling process is stable and exhibits characteristics of diffusive filling. Solidification occurs gradually from thin to thick. Defect positions are accurately predicted. Through analysis of the defect volume range, the optimal process parameter combination is determined to be a pouring temperature of 700 °C, an interfacial heat transfer coefficient of 50, and a sand thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.5. Microscopic analysis of the motor housing fabricated using the process optimized through numerical simulations reveals the absence of defects such as shrinkage at critical locations.
A Study on Nanoleakage of Apical Retrograde Filling of Premixed Calcium Silicate-Based Cement Using a Lid Technique
Authors: Enkhbileg Nyamsuren , Kim Jin Woo , Chang Seok Woo , Park Se-Hee , Cho Kyung Mo , Lee Yoon
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to compare the nanoleakage of retrograde fillings with premixed calcium silicate-based putty and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), using two different techniques (traditional and Lid). Sixty-four extracted human teeth were decoronated, then root canals and ends were instrumented for retrograde filling and divided into four groups according to the retrograde filling technique: the traditional and the Lid technique. Each group (n = 15) was filled with Ceraseal + Well-Root putty, Well-Root putty, Ceraseal + ProRoot MTA, and ProRoot MTA. The nanoleakage was evaluated using the Nanoflow device (IB Systems) on days 1, 3, 7, 15 and 30. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale (nL/s) and calculated after archiving the stabilization of fluid flow. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for statistical analysis. All groups showed enhanced sealing ability over time. Regardless of filling materials, the Well-Root putty, Ceraseal+Well-Root putty, and Ceraseal+ProRoot MTA groups indicated less nanoleakage than the ProRoot MTA group in the first week of evaluation (p < 0.05). Although all groups did not show significant differences after 2 weeks, the Ceraseal+ProRoot MTA group leaked less than ProRoot MTA on Days 3 and 7 (p < 0.05). The scanning electron microscopic examined good adaptation to the cavity wall, which was similar to nanoleakage results. Premixed calcium silicate-based putty retrograde filling material alone and using the “lid technique” were shown to be faster and less prone to nanoleakage when compared to MTA.
Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of SnO2@ZnIn2S4 Composites for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chang Yu-Cheng , Bi Jia-Ning , Pan Kuan-Yin , Chiao Yung-Chang
Published: May 2024

This research successfully synthesized SnO2@ZnIn2S4 composites for photocatalytic tap water splitting using a rapid two-step microwave-assisted synthesis method. This study investigated the impact of incorporating a fixed quantity of SnO2 nanoparticles and combining them with various materials to form composites, aiming to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen production. Additionally, different weights of SnO2 nanoparticles were added to the ZnIn2S4 reaction precursor to prepare SnO2@ZnIn2S4 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Notably, the photocatalytic efficiency of SnO2@ZnIn2S4 composites is substantially higher than that of pure SnO2 nanoparticles and ZnIn2S4 nanosheets: 17.9-fold and 6.3-fold, respectively. The enhancement is credited to the successful use of visible light and the facilitation of electron transfer across the heterojunction, leading to the efficient dissociation of electron–hole pairs. Additionally, evaluations of recyclability demonstrated the remarkable longevity of SnO2@ZnIn2S4 composites, maintaining high levels of photocatalytic hydrogen production over eight cycles without significant efficiency loss, indicating their impressive durability. This investigation presents a promising strategy for crafting and producing environmentally sustainable SnO2@ZnIn2S4 composites with prospective implementations in photocatalytic hydrogen generation.
Sustainable Hybrid Lightweight Aggregate Concrete Using Recycled Expanded Polystyrene
Authors: González-Betancur D. , Hoyos-Montilla Ary A. , Tobón Jorge I.
Published: May 2024

Global concrete production, reaching 14×1013m3/year, raises environmental concerns due to the resource-intensive nature of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) manufacturing. Simultaneously, 32.7×109 kg/year of expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste poses ecological threats. This research explores the mechanical behavior of lightweight concrete (LWAC) using recycled EPS manufactured with a hybrid cement mixture (OPC and alkali-activated cement). These types of cement have been shown to improve the compressive strength of concrete, while recycled EPS significantly decreases concrete density. However, the impact of these two materials on the LWAC mechanical behavior is unclear. LWAC comprises 35% lightweight aggregates (LWA)—a combination of EPS and expanded clays (EC) — and 65% normal-weight aggregates. As a cementitious matrix, this LWAC employs 30% OPC and 70% alkaline-activated cement (AAC) based on fly ash (FA) and lime. Compressive strength tests after 28 curing days show a remarkable 48.8% improvement, surpassing the ACI 213R-03 standard requirement, which would allow this sustainable hybrid lightweight aggregate concrete to be used as structural lightweight concrete. Also obtained was a 21.5% reduction in density; this implies potential cost savings through downsizing structural elements and enhancing thermal and acoustic insulation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveal the presence of C-S-H, C-(A)-S-H, and N-A-S-H gels. However, anhydrous products in the hybrid LWAC suggest a slower reaction rate. Further investigation into activator solution dosage and curing temperature is recommended for improved mechanical performance on the 28th day of curing. This research highlights the potential for sustainable construction incorporating waste and underscores the importance of refining activation parameters for optimal performance.
Optimising Recycling Processes for Polyimine-Based Vitrimer Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites: A Comparative Study on Reinforcement Recovery and Material Properties
Authors: Pomázi Ákos , Poór Dániel István , Geier Norbert , Toldy Andrea
Published: May 2024

We investigated the recycling process of carbon fibre-reinforced polyimine vitrimer composites and compared composites made from virgin and recycled fibres. The vitrimer matrix consisted of a two-component polyimine-type vitrimer system, and as reinforcing materials, we used nonwoven felt and unidirectional carbon fibre. Various diethylenetriamine (DETA) and xylene solvent ratios were examined to find the optimal dissolution conditions. The 20:80 DETA–xylene ratio provided efficient dissolution, and the elevated temperature (80 °C) significantly accelerated the process. Scaling up to larger composite structures was demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed effective matrix removal, with minimal residue on carbon fibre surfaces and good adhesion in recycled composites. The recycled nonwoven composite exhibited a decreased glass transition temperature due to the residual solvents in the matrix, while the UD composite showed a slight increase. Dynamic mechanical analysis on the recycled composite showed an increased storage modulus for nonwoven composites at room temperature and greater resistance to deformation at elevated temperatures for the UD composites. Interlaminar shear tests indicated slightly reduced adhesion strength in the reprocessed composites. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of recycling vitrimer composites, emphasising the need for further optimisation to ensure environmental and economic sustainability while mitigating residual solvent and matrix effects.
Effect of Boron Content in LiOH Solutions on the Corrosion Behavior of Zr-Sn-Nb Alloy
Authors: Zhao Yongfu , Wu Zongpei , Chen Zirui , Yin Zhaohui , Tang Min , Xiong Jing , Deng Ping
Published: May 2024

In pressurized water reactors, LiOH may be concentrated in some areas, leading to the accelerated corrosion of fuel claddings. Injecting boric acid into primary coolants can mitigate the accelerated corrosion effect of LiOH on Zircaloys, but the effects of boron content on the corrosion behavior of the Zr-Sn-Nb alloy are still unknown. This work focused on the corrosion and hydrogen absorption behavior at 360 °C/18.6 MPa in 100 mg/kg LiOH solutions with 0 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg boron contents for up to 510 days, aiming to study the effect of boron content on corrosion resistance in LiOH solutions. Corrosion kinetics, microstructures of oxide films, hydrogen absorption concentrations and hydride morphology were obtained after the test. The results show that injecting boron in LiOH solutions can significantly reduce the corrosion weight gain, hydrogen concentration, and hydrogen length of Zr-Sn-Nb alloys, that is, improving corrosion resistance effectively. During the oxidation of the Zr-Sn-Nb alloy, B3+ and Li+ incorporate in oxide films. The incorporation of Li+ may lead to the generation of oxygen vacancies, which can carry oxygen from the solutions to O/M interface, accelerating corrosion. The incorporation of B3+ in oxide films will slow down the oxidation of Zr-Sn-Nb alloys by reducing the oxygen vacancies caused by Li+ aggregation.
Effects of Heat Treatment on the Electromagnetic Wave Absorption Characteristics of Resorcinol Formaldehyde Silicon Dioxide Ceramic Particles
Authors: Zhang Haiyang , Ye Xinli , Xu Jianqing , Li Shan , Ma Xiaomin , Xu Wei , Zhang Junxiong
Published: May 2024

In light of the pressing environmental and health issues stemming from electromagnetic pollution, advanced electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently sought to solve these problems. The present study delved into the fabrication of the resorcinol formaldehyde (RF)/SiO2 ceramic particles using the sol–gel route. From SEM images and XRD and XPS analysis, it can be seen that the RF/SiO2 ceramic particles are successfully generated after heat treatment at 1500 °C. At room temperature, the sample treated at 1500 °C exhibited a minimum reflection loss of −47.6 dB in the range of 2–18 GHz when the matching thickness was 5.5 mm, showcasing strong attenuation capabilities. Moreover, these particles demonstrated a considerable effective electromagnetic wave absorption bandwidth of 3.14 GHz, evidencing their potential for wideband electromagnetic wave absorption. The temperature adjustment played a pivotal role in achieving optimal impedance matching. When the heat treatment temperature is increased from 800 °C to 1500 °C, the dielectric properties of the material are improved, thus achieving the best impedance matching, thereby optimizing the material’s absorption properties for specific frequency ranges, which makes it possible to customize the electromagnetic wave-absorbing characteristics to meet specific requirements across a range of applications.
Antiviral Shrimp lncRNA06 Possesses Anti-Tumor Activity by Inducing Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer Stem Cells in a Cross-Species Manner
Authors: Khan Ahmad , Mohammed Anas , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: May 2024

Virus infection causes the metabolic disorder of host cells, whereas the metabolic disorder of cells is one of the major causes of tumorigenesis, suggesting that antiviral molecules might possess anti-tumor activities by regulating cell metabolism. As the key regulators of gene expression, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the regulation of cell metabolism. However, the influence of antiviral lncRNAs on tumorigenesis has not been explored. To address this issue, the antiviral and anti-tumor capacities of shrimp lncRNAs were characterized in this study. The results revealed that shrimp lncRNA06, having antiviral activity in shrimp, could suppress the tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) via triggering apoptosis of GCSCs in a cross-species manner. Shrimp lncRNA06 could sponge human miR-17-5p to suppress the stemness of GCSCs via the miR-17-5p-p21 axis. At the same time, shrimp lncRNA06 could bind to ATP synthase subunit beta (ATP5F1B) to enhance the stability of the ATP5F1B protein in GCSCs, thus suppressing the tumorigenesis of GCSCs. The in vivo data demonstrated that shrimp lncRNA06 promoted apoptosis and inhibited the stemness of GCSCs through interactions with ATP5F1B and miR-17-5p, leading to the suppression of the tumorigenesis of GCSCs. Therefore, our findings highlighted that antiviral lncRNAs possessed anti-tumor capacities and that antiviral lncRNAs could be the anti-tumor reservoir for the treatment of human cancers.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Printed All-Organic Microelectrode Arrays for Neural Stimulation and Recording
Authors: Murakami Tatsuya , Yada Naoki , Yoshida Shotaro
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we report a low-cost printing process of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based, all-organic microelectrode arrays (MEAs) suitable for in vitro neural stimulation and recording. Conventional MEAs have been mainly composed of expensive metals and manufactured through high-cost and complex lithographic processes, which have limited their accessibility for neuroscience experiments and their application in various studies. Here, we demonstrate a printing-based fabrication method for microelectrodes using organic CNT/paraffin ink, coupled with the deposition of an insulating layer featuring single-cell-sized sensing apertures. The simple microfabrication processes utilizing the economic and readily available ink offer potential for cost reduction and improved accessibility of MEAs. Biocompatibility of the fabricated microelectrode was suggested through a live/dead assay of cultured neural cells, and its large electric double layer capacitance was revealed by cyclic voltammetry that was crucial for preventing cytotoxic electrolysis during electric neural stimulation. Furthermore, the electrode exhibited sufficiently low electric impedance of 2.49 Ω·cm2 for high signal-to-noise ratio neural recording, and successfully captured model electric waves in physiological saline solution. These results suggest the easily producible and low-cost printed all-organic microelectrodes are available for neural stimulation and recording, and we believe that they can expand the application of MEA in various neuroscience research.
Development of Wearable Textile MIMO Antenna for Sub-6 GHz Band New Radio 5G Applications
Authors: Pradeep Pendli , Basha Mohammed Mahaboob , Gundala Srinivasulu , Syed Javed
Published: May 2024

In this paper, an irregular octagonal two-port MIMO patch antenna is designed specifically for New Radio (NR) 5G applications in the mid-band sub-6 GHz. The proposed antenna comprises an irregularly shaped patch antenna equipped with a regular 50-ohm feed line and a parasitic strip line antenna, and is partially grounded. Jeans material serves as a substrate with an effective dielectric constant of 1.6 and a thickness of 1 mm. This material is studied experimentally. The proposed antenna design undergoes analysis and optimization using the ANSYS HFSS tool. Furthermore, the design incorporates the influence of the slot on both the ground plane and the parasitic strip line to optimize performance, enhance isolation, and improve impedance matching among antenna elements. The dimensions of the jeans substrate are 40 mm × 50 mm. The simulated impedance bandwidth ranged from 3.6 GHz to 7 GHz and the measured bandwidth was slightly narrower, from 4.35 GHz to 7 GHz. The simulation results demonstrated an isolation level greater than 12 dB between antenna elements, while the measured results reached 28.5 dB, and the peak gain for this proposed antenna stood at 6.74 dB. These qualities made this proposed antenna suitable for various New Radio mid-band 5G wireless applications within the sub-6 GHz band, such as N79, Wi-Fi-5/6, V2X, and DSRC applications.
Synergistic Effect of ZIF-8 and Pt-Functionalized NiO/In2O3 Hollow Nanofibers for Highly Sensitive Detection of Formaldehyde
Authors: Zhu Lei , Wang Ze , Wang Jianan , Liu Jianwei , Zhao Wei , Zhang Jiaxin , Yan Wei
Published: May 2024

A rapid and accurate monitoring of hazardous formaldehyde (HCHO) gas is extremely essential for health protection. However, the high-power consumption and humidity interference still hinder the application of HCHO gas sensors. Hence, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8)-loaded Pt-NiO/In2O3 hollow nanofibers (ZPNiIn HNFs) were designed via the electrospinning technique followed by hydrothermal treatment, aiming to enable a synergistic advantage of the surface modification and the construction of a p-n heterostructure to improve the sensing performance of the HCHO gas sensor. The ZPNiIn HNF sensor has a response value of 52.8 to 100 ppm HCHO, a nearly 4-fold enhancement over a pristine In2O3 sensor, at a moderately low temperature of 180 °C, along with rapid response/recovery speed (8/17 s) and excellent humidity tolerance. These enhanced sensing properties can be attributed to the Pt catalysts boosting the catalytic activity, the p-n heterojunctions facilitating the chemical reaction, and the appropriate ZIF-8 loading providing a hydrophobic surface. Our research presents an effective sensing material design strategy for inspiring the development of cost-effective sensors for the accurate detection of indoor HCHO hazardous gas.
Study on the Synthesis of Nano Zinc Oxide Particles under Supercritical Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Sun Panpan , Lv Zhaobin , Sun Chuanjiang
Published: May 2024

The supercritical hydrothermal synthesis of nanomaterials has gained significant attention due to its straightforward operation and the excellent performance of the resulting products. In this study, the supercritical hydrothermal method was used with Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O as the precursor and deionized water and ethanol as the solvent. Nano-ZnO was synthesized under different reaction temperatures (300~500 °C), reaction times (5~15 min), reaction pressures (22~30 MPa), precursor concentrations (0.1~0.5 mol/L), and ratios of precursor to organic solvent (C2H5OH) (2:1~1:4). The effects of synthesis conditions on the morphology and size of ZnO were studied. It was found that properly increasing hydrothermal temperature and pressure and extending the hydrothermal time are conducive to the more regular morphology and smaller size of ZnO particles, which is mainly achieved through the change of reaction conditions affecting the hydrothermal reaction rate. Moreover, the addition of ethanol makes the morphology of nano-zno more regular and significantly inhibits the agglomeration phenomenon. In addition to the change in physical properties of the solvent, this may also be related to the chemical bond established between ethanol and ZnO. The results show that the optimum synthesis conditions of ZnO are 450 °C, 26 MPa, 0.3 mol/L, 10 min, and the molar ratio of precursor to ethanol is 1:3.
Towards High-Performance Photo-Fenton Degradation of Organic Pollutants with Magnetite-Silver Composites: Synthesis, Catalytic Reactions and In Situ Insights
Authors: Nchimi Nono Katia , Vahl Alexander , Terraschke Huayna
Published: May 2024

In this study, Fe3O4/Ag magnetite-silver (MSx) nanocomposites were investigated as catalysts for advanced oxidation processes by coupling the plasmonic effect of silver nanoparticles and the ferromagnetism of iron oxide species. A surfactant-free co-precipitation synthesis method yielded pure Fe3O4 magnetite and four types of MSx nanocomposites. Their characterisation included structural, compositional, morphological and optical analyses, revealing Fe3O4 magnetite and Ag silver phases with particle sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm, increasing with the silver content. The heterostructures with silver reduced magnetite particle aggregation, as confirmed by dynamic light scattering. The UV–Vis spectra showed that the Fe:Ag ratio strongly influenced the absorbance, with a strong absorption band around 400 nm due to the silver phase. The oxidation kinetics of organic pollutants, monitored by in situ luminescence measurements using rhodamine B as a model system, demonstrated the higher performance of the developed catalysts with increasing Ag content. The specific surface area measurements highlighted the importance of active sites in the synergistic catalytic activity of Fe3O4/Ag nanocomposites in the photo-Fenton reaction. Finally, the straightforward fabrication of diverse Fe3O4/Ag heterostructures combining magnetism and plasmonic effects opens up promising possibilities for heterogeneous catalysis and environmental remediation.
Preparation and Application of Nano-Calcined Excavation Soil as Substitute for Cement
Authors: Ling Li , Yang Jindong , Yao Wanqiong , Xing Feng , Sun Hongfang , Li Yali
Published: May 2024

Rapid urbanization in many cities has produced massive amounts of problematic excavation soil. The direct disposal of untreated excavation soil often leads to significant land use and severe environmental concerns. A sustainable solution is to transform the soil waste into high-quality nano-calcined excavation soil (NCES) for application as a substitute for cement in construction. However, research in this area is very limited. This study presents a systematic investigation of the nano-sized calcined soil materials from preparation to application in cementitious material. The influence of milling parameters, including the rotational speed, milling duration, ball diameter, and milling strategy, was investigated to produce NCES with various specific surface areas. The effect of NCES substitution (15 wt% of Portland cement) in cementitious materials was then examined for mechanical performance, hydration dynamics, hydration products, and microstructure. A cement mix with very fine NCES (specific surface area of 108.76 m2/g) showed a 29.7% enhancement in mechanical strength and refined pore structure while a cement mix with un-grounded calcined soil showed a mechanical loss in comparison to the Control specimen. Delayed and reduced heat release at an early age was observed in a cement paste mixed with NCES. The underlying mechanism was investigated. The results of this work will contribute to the high-quality application of excavation soil waste.
New Approach to Synthesizing Cathode PtCo/C Catalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells
Authors: Belenov Sergey , Mauer Dmitriy , Moguchikh Elizabeth , Gavrilova Anna , Nevelskaya Alina , Beskopylny Egor , Pankov Ilya , Nikulin Aleksey , Alekseenko Anastasia
Published: May 2024

The presented study is concerned with a new multi-step method to synthesize PtCo/C materials based on composite CoxOy/C that combines the advantages of different liquid-phase synthesis methods. Based on the results of studying the materials at each stage of synthesis with the TG, XRD, TEM, SEI, TXRF, CV and LSV methods, a detailed overview of the sequential changes in catalyst composition and structure at each stage of the synthesis is presented. The PtCo/C catalyst synthesized with the multi-step method is characterized by a uniform distribution of bimetallic nanoparticles of about 3 nm in size over the surface of the support, which result in its high ESA and ORR activity. The activity study for the synthesized PtCo/C catalyst in an MEA showed better current–voltage characteristics and a higher maximum specific power compared with an MEA based on a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Therefore, the results of the presented study demonstrate high prospects for the developed approach to the multi-step synthesis of PtM/C catalysts, which may enhance the characteristics of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).
Understanding Health-Promoting Behaviors and Influential Factors in Schizophrenia Patients
Authors: Yu Heajin
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: People who are diagnosed with schizophrenia experience a reduced average lifespan compared to the general population. Also, approximately 85% of individuals with schizophrenia have chronic physical illnesses. Moreover, 60% of premature deaths in this population could be prevented through the adoption of health-promoting behaviors. (2) Methods: This study involved the recruitment of 220 participants from an outpatient clinic in Seoul, South Korea. Inclusion criteria comprised adults aged 19 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia. Data collection occurred between 25 May 2021 and 2 August 2021, utilizing self-report questionnaires. A total of 202 responses were subjected to analysis using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. (3) Results: The findings indicate that the final model is characterized by the following values: Normed x2 = 2.240, RMSEA = 0.079, TLI = 0.926, x2 = 562.2 (p < 0.001), AGFI = 0.830, GFI = 0.814, and CFI = 0.938. Notably, health knowledge did not exhibit a significant direct or overall impact on health-promoting behaviors. Conversely, social support and psychiatric symptoms demonstrated direct, indirect, and total effects on health promotion through an intervening variable. This study underscores the pivotal role of self-efficacy as the most influential factor affecting health-promoting behaviors in individuals with schizophrenia. (4) Conclusions: enhancing self-efficacy emerges as a crucial element in the design and implementation of intervention programs aimed at improving health-promoting behaviors in individuals with schizophrenia.
New Perspectives for Low Muscle Mass Quantity/Quality Assessment in Probable Sarcopenic Older Adults: An Exploratory Analysis Study
Authors: Besora-Moreno Maria , Llauradó Elisabet , Jiménez-ten Hoevel Claudia , Sepúlveda Cristina , Queral Judit , Bernal Glòria , Pérez-Merino Laura , Martinez-Hervas Sergio , Alabadi Blanca , Ortega Yolanda , Valls Rosa Maria , Solà Rosa , Pedret Anna
Published: May 2024

Background: Low muscle mass quantity/quality is needed to confirm sarcopenia diagnosis; however, no validated cut-off points exist. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of sarcopenia through muscle mass quantity/quality parameters, using the bioimpedance analysis (BIA), isokinetic, and ultrasound tools in probable sarcopenic community-dwelling older adults (≥60 years). Also, it aimed to suggest possible new cut-off points to confirm sarcopenia diagnosis. Methods: A cross-sectional exploratory analysis study was performed with probable sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic older adults. BIA, isokinetic, and ultrasound parameters were evaluated. The protocol was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05485402). Results: A total of 50 individuals were included, 38 with probable sarcopenia (69.63 ± 4.14 years; 7 men and 31 women) and 12 non-sarcopenic (67.58 ± 4.54 years; 7 men and 5 women). The phase angle (cut-off: 5.10° men, p = 0.003; 4.95° women, p < 0.001), peak torque (cut-off: 66.75 Newtons-meters (N-m) men, p < 0.001; 48.35 N-m women, p < 0.001), total work (cut-off: 64.00 Joules (J) men, p = 0.007; 54.70 J women, p = 0.001), and mean power (cut-off: 87.8 Watts (W) men, p = 0.003; 48.95 W women, p = 0.008) in leg extension, as well as the the forearm muscle thickness (cut-off: 1.41 cm (cm) men, p = 0.017; 0.94 cm women, p = 0.041), had great diagnostic accuracy in both sexes. Conclusions: The phase angle, peak torque, total work, and mean power in leg extension, as well as forearm muscle thickness, had great diagnostic accuracy in regard to sarcopenia, and the suggested cut-off points could lead to the confirmation of sarcopenia diagnosis, but more studies are needed to confirm this.