bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hip Function 6 to 10 Months After Arthroscopic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Comparison of Subjective and Objective Hip Function, Including Performance-Based Measures, in Patients Versus Controls
Authors: Wörner Tobias , Nilsson Johanna , Thorborg Kristian , Granlund Viktor , Stålman Anders , Eek Frida
Published: June 2019

Background:

Little is known about hip-related function, mobility, and performance in patients after hip arthroscopic surgery (HA) during the time that return to sports can be expected.

Purpose:

To evaluate measures of subjective and objective hip function 6 to 10 months after HA in patients compared with healthy controls and to compare objective function in the HA group between the operated and nonoperated hips.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 33 patients who had undergone HA (mean, 8.1 ± 2.6 months postoperatively) and 33 healthy participants matched on sex, age, and activity level were compared regarding subjective hip function (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score [HAGOS]) and objective function including hip range of motion (ROM; flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation), isometric hip muscle strength (adduction, abduction, flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation), and performance-based measures: the Y Balance Test (YBT), medial and lateral triple-hop test, and Illinois agility test. Group differences were analyzed using independent-samples t tests. Paired-samples t tests were used for a comparison of the operated and nonoperated hips. Standard effect sizes (Cohen d) were provided for all outcomes.

Results:

The HA group reported worse subjective hip function than the control group (HAGOS subscores: d = –0.7 to –2.1; P ≤ .004). Objective measures of hip ROM ( d = –0.5 to –1.1; P ≤ .048), hip flexion strength ( d = –0.5; P = .043), and posteromedial reach of the YBT ( d = –0.5; P = .043) were also reduced in the HA group, although there were no significant differences between groups regarding the remaining objective measures ( d = –0.1 to –0.4; P ≥ .102 to .534). The only significant difference between the operated and nonoperated hips in the HA group was reduced passive hip flexion ( d = –0.4; P = .045).

Conclusion:

Patients who had undergone HA demonstrated reduced subjective hip function compared with controls 6 to 10 months after surgery, when return to sports can be expected. While most objective strength and performance test results were comparable between the HA and control groups at 6 to 10 months after surgery, the HA group presented with impairments related to hip mobility and hip flexion strength. No consistent pattern of impairments was found in operated hips compared with nonoperated hips.
Importance of Physical Examination and Imaging in the Detection of Tethered Cord Syndrome
Authors: Shields Lisa B. E. , Mutchnick Ian S. , Peppas Dennis S. , Rosenberg Eran
Published: June 2019

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is a type of occult spinal dysraphism that may lead to permanent neurologic and orthopedic deficits. Infants with TCS may have lumbosacral cutaneous malformations (LsCMs). We studied 67 infants referred to a single pediatric urology practice for a urological concern unrelated to occult spinal dysraphism with no prior diagnosis of LsCM between March 1, 2015 and September 30, 2018. Each infant underwent a spinal ultrasound. If an abnormality was detected, they were referred to a pediatric neurosurgeon. The most common cutaneous manifestations were duplicated or bifurcated (46%) gluteal folds and gluteal asymmetry (16%). Fourteen (21%) of the 67 patients had an abnormal spinal ultrasound; 5 of the 14 infants underwent a lumbar magnetic resonance imaging. One infant had urodynamics studies and a tethered cord release. Pediatricians should be familiar with TCS and perform lumbar physical examinations for LsCMs suggestive of TCS to ensure prompt diagnosis and management and avoid potentially devastating complications.
Perceiving the Enemy Differently: A Psycho-cultural Analysis of Pakistan–India Conflict
Authors: Kadir Jawad
Published: June 2019

By using an interdisciplinary approach, this article seeks to examine Pakistan–India partition and their on-going rivalry which is a permanent threat to the South Asian regional security. This article analyses the Pakistan–India conflict through a fresh psycho-cultural framework to explain both states’ endless competitive urge to outpace each other. I will describe the attributes of the indigenous ‘culture of conflict’ in both countries and use them as an ‘analogy’. This article develops a conflict theory to explain the rationale behind such an emotion-laden rivalry between the two nations. The conflict theory presented in this article (which can be termed as Sharike-Bazi [Culture of Conflict]) explains that peoples’ conflict behaviours in Pakistan and India are rooted in their earliest socialisation within primary kinship institutions. In Pakistan and India, the indigenous ‘culture of conflict’ emanates from the segmentation of the most pervasive and influential institutions, the kinship institutions. The moralities of conflict behaviour learned within these institutions are extrapolated to every other institution in the outside world. Therefore, psychologically, the indigenous ‘culture of conflict’ creates certain moral views affecting the conflict behaviour of people as well as policymakers. It provides them with cultural moralities to pursue this zero-sum interstate conflict.
Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy
Authors: Kudose Satoru , Markowitz Glen S
Published: June 2019

Paraneoplastic syndrome can be defined as a collection of signs and symptoms that are related to the presence of a tumor, but not directly attributable to mass effect or direct invasion. Paraneoplastic syndromes result from factors synthesized by the tumor or by the immune system in response to the tumor, including cytokines, hormones, tumor antigens, or antibodies. Paraneoplastic glomerulopathy is a term that refers to paraneoplastic syndromes that specifically involve the glomerulus. The topic of paraneoplastic glomerulopathy can be divided into (1) entities most commonly related to dysproteinemia and multiple myeloma, such as light chain amyloidosis and light chain deposition disease; (2) membranous glomerulopathy in the setting of solid organ tumors; and (3) a variety of less frequent associations of glomerular disease with carcinomas and hematolymphoid malignancies, including minimal change disease, IgA nephropathy, thrombotic microangiopathy, and amyloidosis.
CRISPR genome editing of murine hematopoietic stem cells to create Npm1-Alk causes ALK+ lymphoma after transplantation
Authors: Rajan Soumya Sundara , Li Lingxiao , Kweh Mercedes F. , Kunkalla Kranthi , Amin Amit Dipak , Agarwal Nitin K. , Vega Francisco , Schatz Jonathan H.
Published: June 2019

Key Points

CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing of wild-type hematopoietic stem cells generates Npm1-Alk, leading to ALK+ large-cell lymphomas in recipients. CD30+ postthymic T-cell lymphomas are polyclonal but transplantable to secondary recipients with long latency.
Quantitative characterization and characteristic analysis of pore structure of shale-gas reservoir in the Sichuan Basin, China
Authors: Dong Huaimin , Sun Jianmeng , Zhu Jinjiang , Lin Zhenzhou , Cui Likai , Yan Weichao , Xiong Zhu
Published: June 2019

Quantitative characterization of pore structure in shale can provide basic parameters for evaluation of the shale-gas reservoir quality. However, it is difficult to use conventional methods to accurately and comprehensively characterize the pore structure parameters. We take shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin as the study object, and we use the high-pressure mercury intrusion, nitrogen adsorption, and carbon dioxide adsorption methods to characterize the whole aperture distribution. We found that the pore size in shale is positively related to the transverse relaxation time ([Formula: see text] value) and there exists a conversion coefficient. We have developed a new method combining nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with hybrid detection methods for testing the pore size distribution, and we optimized the conversion coefficient between pore size obtained by a hybrid detection method and the [Formula: see text] value. NMR can then characterize the pore size distribution by conversion coefficient. This method can effectively make up for the deficiency of conventional methods for pore size distribution characterization by a single method. Our results indicate that the macropore, mesopore, and micropore in shale are very developed, and the pore shapes are ink bottle and slit-like. Shale pores mainly consist of mesopore and micropore, contributing to approximately 74.33% of pore volume, whereas micropore contributes approximately 70.18% of specific surface area (SSA). Therefore, the macropore has a limited effect on the pore volume and SSA. In addition, the establishment of whole aperture distribution characterization by the new method can more comprehensively reflect the actual pore distribution in shale.
Biologic Significance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Invisibility in Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Salami Simpa S. , Kaplan Jeremy B. , Nallandhighal Srinivas , Takhar Mandeep , Tosoian Jeffrey J. , Lee Matthew , Yoon Junhee , Hovelson Daniel H. , Plouffe Komal R. , Kaffenberger Samuel D. , Schaeffer Edward M. , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Lotan Tamara L. , Morgan Todd M. , George Arvin K. , Montgomery Jeffrey S. , Davenport Matthew S. , You Sungyong , Tomlins Scott A. , Curci Nicole E. , Kim Hyung L. , Spratt Daniel E. , Udager Aaron M. , Palapattu Ganesh S.
Published: June 2019

PURPOSE

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is used widely for prostate cancer (PCa) evaluation. Approximately 35% of aggressive tumors, however, are not visible on mpMRI. We sought to identify the molecular alterations associated with mpMRI-invisible tumors and determine whether mpMRI visibility is associated with PCa prognosis.

METHODS

Discovery and validation cohorts included patients who underwent mpMRI before radical prostatectomy and were found to harbor both mpMRI-visible (Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System 3 to 5) and -invisible (Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System 1 or 2) foci on surgical pathology. Next-generation sequencing was performed to determine differential gene expression between mpMRI-visible and -invisible foci. A genetic signature for tumor mpMRI visibility was derived in the discovery cohort and assessed in an independent validation cohort. Its association with long-term oncologic outcomes was evaluated in a separate testing cohort.

RESULTS

The discovery cohort included 10 patients with 26 distinct PCa foci on surgical pathology, of which 12 (46%) were visible and 14 (54%) were invisible on preoperative mpMRI. Next-generation sequencing detected prioritized genetic mutations in 14 (54%) tumor foci (n = 8 mpMRI visible, n = 6 mpMRI invisible). A nine-gene signature (composed largely of cell organization/structure genes) associated with mpMRI visibility was derived (area under the curve = 0.89), and the signature predicted MRI visibility with 75% sensitivity and 100% specificity (area under the curve = 0.88) in the validation cohort. In the testing cohort (n = 375, median follow-up 8 years) there was no significant difference in biochemical recurrence, distant metastasis, or cancer-specific mortality in patients with predicted mpMRI-visible versus -invisible tumors (all P > .05).

CONCLUSION

Compared with mpMRI-invisible disease, mpMRI-visible tumors are associated with underexpression of cellular organization genes. mpMRI visibility does not seem to be predictive of long-term cancer outcomes, highlighting the need for biopsy strategies that detect mpMRI-invisible tumors.
Effectors of the spindle assembly checkpoint are confined within the nucleus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Heasley Lydia R. , DeLuca Jennifer G. , Markus Steven M.
Published: June 2019

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents erroneous chromosome segregation by delaying mitotic progression when chromosomes are incorrectly attached to the mitotic spindle. This delay is mediated by mitotic checkpoint complexes (MCCs), which assemble at unattached kinetochores and repress the activity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The cellular localizations of MCCs are likely critical for proper SAC function, yet remain poorly defined. We recently demonstrated that in mammalian cells, in which the nuclear envelope disassembles during mitosis, MCCs diffuse throughout the spindle region and cytoplasm. Here, we employed an approach using binucleate yeast zygotes to examine the localization dynamics of SAC effectors required for MCC assembly and function in budding yeast, in which the nuclear envelope remains intact throughout mitosis. Our findings indicate that in yeast, MCCs are confined to the nuclear compartment and excluded from the cytoplasm during mitosis.
Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) mediates pulmonary angiogenesis in rat experimental hepatopulmonary syndrome and is aggravated by bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9)
Authors: Yang Yihui , Yu Hongfu , Yang Congwen , Zhang Yunfei , Ai Xiangfa , Wang Xiaobo , Lu Kaizhi , Yi Bin
Published: June 2019

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious pulmonary vascular disease derived from chronic liver disease, and its key pathogenesis is angiogenesis. Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) mediates physiological repair and remodeling during vascular injury. However, the role of KLF6 in pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) during angiogenesis of HPS and its underlying mechanism in HPS have not been investigated. Common bile duct ligation (CBDL) in rats can replicate pulmonary vascular abnormalities of human HPS. Here, we found that advanced pulmonary angiogenesis and pulmonary injury score coincided with the increase of KLF6 level in PMVECs of CBDL rat; KLF6 in PMVECs was also induced while cultured with CBDL rat serum in vitro. Inhibition of KLF6 dramatically suppressed PMVEC-mediated proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vivo; this may be related to the downregulation of activin receptor-like kinase-1 (ALK1) and endoglin (ENG), which are transacted by KLF6. Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) enhanced the expression of KLF6 in PMVECs and was involved in the angiogenesis of HPS. These results suggest that KLF6 triggers PMVEC-mediated angiogenesis of HPS and is aggravated by BMP9, and the inhibition of the BMP9/KLF6 axis may be an effective strategy for HPS treatment.
Ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation regulates optic fissure fusion
Authors: Pereira Piedade Warlen , Veith S. , Famulski J. K.
Published: June 2019

Optic fissure fusion is a critical event during retinal development. Failure of fusion leads to coloboma, a potentially blinding congenital disorder. Pax2a is an essential regulator of optic fissure fusion and the target of numerous morphogenetic pathways. In our current study we examined the negative regulator of pax2a expression, Nz2, and the mechanism modulating Nlz2 activity during optic fissure fusion. Upregulation of Nlz2 in zebrafish embryos resulted in downregulation of pax2a expression and fissure fusion failure. Conversely, upregulation of pax2a expression also led to fissure fusion failure suggesting Pax2 levels require modulation to ensure proper fusion. Interestingly, we discovered Nlz2 is a target of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah. We show that zebrafish siah1 expression is regulated by Hedgehog signaling and that Siah1 can directly target Nlz2 for proteasomal degradation, in turn regulating the levels of pax2a mRNA. Finally, we show that both activation and inhibition of Siah activity leads to failure of optic fissure fusion dependent on ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of Nlz2. In conclusion, we outline a novel, proteasome-mediated degradation regulatory pathway involved in optic fissure fusion.
Dosimetric performance of two linear accelerator-based radiosurgery systems to treat single and multiplebrain metastases
Authors: Ueda Yoshihiro , Ohira Shingo , Yamazaki Hideya , Mabuchi Nobuhisa , Higashinaka Naokazu , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Teshima Teruki
Published: June 2019

Objective:

To evaluate and compare the dosimetric plan quality for noncoplanar volumetric arc therapy of single and multiple brain metastases using the linear accelerator-based radiosurgery system HyperArc and a robotic radiosurgery system.

Methods:

31 tumors from 24 patients were treated by stereotactic radiosurgery using the CyberKnife system. CT images, structure sets, and dose files were transferred to the Eclipse treatment planning system for the HyperArc system. Dosimetric parameters for both plans were compared. The beam-on time was calculated from the total monitor unit and dose rate.

Results:

For normal brain tissue, the received volume doses were significantly lower for HyperArc than for CyberKnife_G4 and strongly correlated with the planning target volume (PTV) for cases of single brain metastasis. In addition, the difference in volume dose between CyberKnife_G4 and HyperArc was proportional to the PTV. For multiple brain metastases, no significant difference was observed between the two stereotactic radiosurgery systems, except for high-dose region in the normal tissue. In low dose for brain minus PTV, when the maximum distance among each target was above 8.0 cm, HyperArc delivered higher dose than CyberKnife_G4. The mean ± SDs for the beam-on time were 15.8 ± 5.3 and 5.6 ± 0.8 min for CyberKnife_G4 and HyperArc, respectively (p < .01).

Conclusion:

HyperArc is best suited for larger targets in single brain metastasis and for smaller inter tumor tumor distances in multiple brain metastases.

Advances in knowledge:

The performance of HyperArc in comparison with CyberKnife_G4 was depended on defined margin and tumor distances.
Rationale and design of perioperative myocardial ischemia: a protocol for troponin monitoring, prognostic thresholds, economic analysis and further insights into pathophysiology for non-cardiac surgery patients
Authors: Popova Ekaterine , Paniagua Iglesias Pilar , Alvarez Garcia Jesus , Vives Borras Miguel , Carreras Costa Francesc , García-Moll Marimón Xavier , Rivas Lasarte Mercedes Pilar , Gonzalez Osuna Aranzazu , Martinez Bru Cecilia , Font Gual Adria , Diaz Jover Ruben , India Aldana Inmaculada , Azparren Cabezon Gonzalo , Carles Lavila Misericordia , Rué Monné Montserrat , Zamora Romero Javier , Martinez Zapata MªJosé , Alonso-Coello Pablo
Published: June 2019

Introduction: Worldwide, near 200 million adults undergo major non cardiac surgery   each year, and 10 million of them are estimated to suffer a myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS), defined as an elevated high sensitive troponin T (hs-cTnT) in the first 3 days after surgery. Troponin levels need to be monitored in order to diagnose MINS, high sensitive cardiac Troponin T (hs-cTnT) assays being currently the most frequently used. Perioperative hs-cTnT screening could lead to care decisions that can potentially improve clinical outcomes. However, many of the clinical and economic implications of perioperative hs-cTnT monitoring remain unclear, and need to be elucidated.

Methods and analysis: Prospective cohort that will include patients with high cardiovascular risk undergoing major non-cardiac surgery, expected to require at least an overnight hospital admission. Three determinations of hs-cTnT in each patient (before surgery, at 48, and 72 hours after surgery) will be obtained. We will determine the incidence and prognosis of MINS, and calculate prognostically relevant thresholds for pre- and post-operative hs-cTnT. We will also conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of hs-cTnT screening, compared with usual care. Finally, using computed tomography angiography (CTA) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we aim to elucidate further the pathophysiology of MINS.

Ethics and dissemination: Our center had Ethics approval before including patients. Written informed consent is required for all patients before inclusion. The study  will evaluate the feasibility and impact of implementing an hs-cTnT monitoring program at a tertiary hospital, as well as its cost-effectiveness, determine pre and postoperative thresholds of hs-cTnT and finally, evaluate potential mechanisms involved in perioperative ischemic events. The dissemination plan includes publishing the results in a policy-influencing journal, conference presentations, engagement of influential medical organizations, and taking published results to real practice.
Case Report: Coronary artery stent infection with mycotic aneurysm secondary to tricuspid valve infective endocarditis
Authors: Ben Messaoud Mejdi , Bouchahda Nidhal , Mahjoub Marouane , Hmida Badii , Dridi Zohra , Gamra Habib
Published: June 2019

Coronary artery stent infection with mycotic aneurysm is a rare life-threatening complication following coronary angioplasty, usually requiring surgical intervention. Reaching and confirming the diagnosis remains the most challenging aspect of this complication. We describe an unusual case of bare metal stent infection and coronary artery aneurysm in the setting of tricuspid valve infective endocarditis, resulting in ST elevation myocardial infarction, with a favorable outcome after primary angioplasty and antibiotic therapy. In the current era of growth of coronary stent implantation, it’s important for clinicians to consider and to prevent such potentially fatal events. The diagnosis process remains difficult and requires the association of multiple clinical, biological and imaging parameters. Although treatment modalities tend to favor surgery, we showed that coronary angioplasty could be a successful alternative solution.
Diversity issues in Nigeria’s healthcare sector: implications on organizational commitment. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ibidunni Ayodotun Stephen , Olawande Tomike , Olokundun Maxwell , Iruonagbe Charles , Adelekan Iyanu
Published: June 2019

Background: Workplace diversity is increasingly gaining the attention of healthcare organizations, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. However, little is understood from existing literature about how workforce diversity affects employees’ satisfaction and organisational commitment in the workplace. Consequently, this paper showed the direct and mediating relationships between diversity of workforce, job satisfaction and employee commitment to the organization.

Methods: Copies of the structured questionnaire have been given to 133 public healthcare employees in Nigeria’s Ministry of Health in Lagos state.  Statistical analysis for the study included descriptive measures and multi-variate analysis, using structural equation modelling.

Results: Outcomes from statistical analysis supports direct and mediating relationships between the research variables. Gender and ethical diversity had significant influences on job satisfaction at r = 0.35 (p < 0.05) and r = 0.28 (p < 0.05) respectively. The following mediating relationships were also statistically confirmed: job satisfaction related with affective commitment (r = 0.41, p < 0.05) and normative commitment (r = 0.26, p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Based on the results of the statistical analysis, the study concludes that there is a relationship between diversity of employees and job satisfaction, diversity of employees and organizational commitment and the influence of work satisfaction on organizational commitment.
Patterns of neurobehavioral functioning in school-aged survivors of neonatal jaundice and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in Kilifi, Kenya: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Magai Dorcas N. , Newton Charles R , Mwangi Paul , Koot Hans M. , Abubakar Amina
Published: June 2019

Background: Studies in high-income countries have reported that school-aged children who survive neonatal jaundice (NNJ) and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) develop long-term neurocognitive problems. However, less is known about the patterns of functioning in school-aged survivors of NNJ and HIE in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examined patterns of functioning in school-aged children who survived NNJ and HIE in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that included 107 survivors of NNJ/HIE (64 with NNJ, 43 with HIE), aged 6-12 years, admitted to Kilifi County Hospital on the Kenyan Coast. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Adapted Communication Profile, Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices (RCPM) and an epilepsy screening tool were used to assess gross motor function, communication function, intellectual functioning, and epilepsy, respectively.

Results: Most of the survivors of NNJ (95.2%) and HIE (95.3%) had no impairments in gross motor functioning. A small percentage of the children in the NNJ and HIE groups had profound problems in their communication (4.7% and 4.7%); expressive communication function (4.7% and 4.7%); social functions (3.1% and 2.3%); receptive communication (4.7% and 2.3%); and communicative effectiveness (4.7% and 2.3%). Cognitive impairment was reported in 10.9% and 11.9% for NNJ and HIE survivors, respectively. Active epilepsy was detected in 1.6% of survivors of NNJ and 2.3% of survivors of HIE. All children had normal hearing and visual functioning except one participant who presented with mild visual acuity problems.

Conclusions: Most school-aged children who survive with NNJ and HIE have normal motor and communication function; however, one in ten are likely to present with lowered intellectual functioning compared to the normative sample.
Marlowe and Shakespeare Cross Borders: Malta and Venice in the Early Modern World
Authors: Panja Shormishtha
Published: June 2019

This essay deals with the worlds of early modern Malta and Venice, two distinctly non-English locations, as depicted by Marlowe and Shakespeare. In particular, it considers the roles Jews played in The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice. I argue that while Shakespeare is completely accurate in his depiction of the spirit of financial and mercantile adventurism and huge risk-taking that characterized early modern Venice, he does not fully reflect the tolerance that marked this early modern trading capital. Shakespeare bases his play on binaries and antagonistic opposition between the Jews and the Christians in Venice while Marlowe consciously resists painting his world in black and white. Marlowe’s Malta is a melting pot, a location where boundaries and distinctions between Jew, Christian, and Muslim, and between master and slave, blur, and easy definitions and categorizations become impossible. In spite of borrowing many historical details of the Great Siege of Malta (1565), Marlowe refuses to end his play with the siege and its attendant grand narrative of heroic Christian troops defeating barbaric Turks and bringing about a decisive victory for the Christian world.
York Bakers and Their Play of the Last Supper
Authors: Groeneveld Leanne
Published: June 2019

This article reconsiders the York Bakers’ pageant ‘The Last Supper’: both the play’s representation of the biblical narrative and possible reasons for removal of a leaf from the text as recorded in the York register. Noting the play’s uninterrupted production throughout the protracted Reformation, I argue that the pageant likely represented the bread shared by Christ and his disciples as a common loaf rather than as eucharistic wafers. This style of representation makes sense of the pageant’s guild ascription but challenges current assumptions about why dialogue and action were eventually excised from the written text of the play.
‘[A]dore my topless villainy’: Metatheatrical Rivalry in John Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge
Authors: Macrae Mitchell
Published: June 2019

Marston’s Antonio’s Revenge is a self-reflexive tragedy with characters who speak and act like characters familiar with the conventions of Elizabethan revenge plays. This article argues that Marston's use of metatheatricality allegorizes the competitive nature of commercial theatres. As Marston's characters seek to emulate and surpass their theatrical models, revenge becomes a medium for aesthetic achievement, a showcase for acting and rhetorical skill. The play expands the theatrum mundi trope, imagining the world not as a single stage but as a marketplace of rival stages wherein playwrights vie for applause and seek recognition for their theatrical brilliance.
Jeanne H. McCarthy. The Children’s Troupes and the Transformation of English Theater 1509-1608: Pedagogue Playwrights, Playbooks, and Play-boys. Abingdon: Routledge, 2017. Pp xxiv, 251. Hardback £115.00. ISBN: 9781472487797.
Authors: Munro Lucy
Published: June 2019

This review considers The Children’s Troupes and the Transformation of English Theater 1509-1608: Pedagogue Playwrights, Playbooks, and Play-boys.
Lauren Shohet, ed. Temporality, Genre and Experience in The Age of Shakespeare: Forms of Time. London: Bloomsbury. 2018. Pp 344. Hardback £75.00. ISBN: 9781350017290.
Authors: Railton Adam
Published: June 2019

This review considers Temporality, Genre and Experience in The Age of Shakespeare: Forms of Time.
John Bale’s King John (Cultures of Performance in Medieval and Early Modern Europe), directed by Russell Bender at St Stephen’s Church, Canterbury, UK. 20 February 2019.
Authors: Winston Jessica
Published: June 2019

This performance review considers John Bale's King John.
Jump gymnastic at school physical education for adolescents and adults: changes and prevalence of success in health-related physical fitness
Authors: Lemes Vanilson Batista , Brand Caroline , Dias Arieli Fernandes , Gaya Adroaldo Cezar Araujo , Gaya Anelise Reis
Published: June 2019

This study aimed to verify changes and prevalence of success in health-related physical fitness after an intervention with jump gymnastic at physical education classes for adolescents and adults according to gender. Thirty-nine adolescents and adults (20 women) were selected for convenience, aged between 15-61 years old, at a school in Charqueadas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The intervention consisted on 60 Jump gymnastic classes, three times per week in a school semester. The body mass index (BMI); waist circumference (WC); cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); flexibility and abdominal strength were evaluated. The changes and the prevalence of success were calculated according to specific cutoff points for the individual pre- and post-test variation (D%; mean) and Manova analysis was adopted as comparison test for means variation between gender and variation of this groups at time. BMI have not changed (D = -1.17%, p = 0.123) in women, however it increased (D = 2.07%, p = 0.035) in men. PC have not changed (female: D = 0.71%, p = 0.341, male: D = 1.09%, p = 0.564). Abdominal strength increased (D = 145.47%, p = 0.001) in women but not in men (D = 12.82%, p = 0.411). The flexibility increased similarly in women (D = 16.07%, p = 0.041) and men (D = 17.32%, p = 0.039) and CRF increased only in women (D = 14.32%; p = 0.028). The individual prevalence of success was 41% in flexibility, 33% in CRF, 23% in abdominal strength, 15% in WC and only 10% in BMI. Women had stronger benefits compared to men with the Jump in physical education, mainly in abdominal strength and CRF.
Impact of a compassionate care leadership programme
Authors: Saab Mohamad M , Drennan Jonathan , Cornally Nicola , Landers Margaret , Hegarty Josephine , Savage Eileen , Lunn Cora , Coffey Alice
Published: June 2019

Compassionate care delivery enhances patient satisfaction and quality of life and reduces nurse burnout. This study measured the perceptions of nursing and midwifery leaders regarding the impact of the ‘Leaders for Compassionate Care Programme’ on their personal development, learning experience, service and care delivery, programme quality, and satisfaction with the programme. Seventy-nine leaders were surveyed using the Leaders for Compassionate Care Outcomes Evaluation Questionnaire and the Leaders for Compassionate Care Evaluation Questionnaire. Participants' perceived ability to support peer learning, manage conflict, and build trust with patients increased significantly following the programme (P≤0.001). Over 80% of participants reported that they were able to apply to practice what they had learnt from the programme and reported an increase in their motivation to lead in compassionate care delivery. Various strategies are needed to improve compassionate care leadership and further research is needed to explore the long-term impact of the programme.
Non-medical prescribing of systemic anticancer therapy in a multidisciplinary team oncology clinic
Authors: Hand (née Davies) Philippa R
Published: June 2019

The number of people diagnosed and living with cancer in the UK continues to rise, placing increasing demands on specialist cancer care services. The incidence and prevalence of neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) has increased. An NET remains a rare cancer requiring specialist care and the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) team is ideally placed to support these patients. Oncology clinics are becoming increasingly pressured and the need to think of innovative ways of reducing pressure while maintaining and enhancing the patient's experience is important. A new multidisciplinary team (MDT) systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) clinic for NET patients was developed that incorporated a CNS SACT non-medical prescriber (NMP) to improve patient experience and reduce the number of oncologist clinic reviews. Methods and analysis: the clinic was designed and a protocol developed to help ensure safe practice and support for the CNS NMP. The patient experience was prioritised and the medical team was involved in the design. All NMP SACT prescriptions were reviewed and questionnaires were given to patients after 3 months. A questionnaire was also given to all oncologists within the clinic and to the oncology pharmacist for analysis. Findings: 29 SACT NMP prescriptions for 15 patients were written. Patient and medical colleague feedback was positive. Discussion: this experience has helped to highlight the positive impact of innovative clinics that combine the expertise of both independent nurse practitioners and the medical team. This has paved the way for further clinics of this kind within the author's trust and the NET service.
Polypharmacy and deprescribing in people with learning disabilities
Authors: Adams Danielle
Published: June 2019

In order to effectively manage problematic polypharmacy and stop medicines safely, it is imperative that there is an appreciation of all the factors that are involved in the deprescribing process. A collaborative, patient-centred approach is required to optimise medicines effectively and reduce inappropriate prescribing. Patients should be equal stakeholders in this process. Implementing shared decision-making, while considering the issues of capacity and consent, may contribute to improved patient empowerment and outcomes.

Reflecting on the risks of deprescribing — such as the implications of relapse, and the reduction of beneficial side effects and the risk of medication errors — can provide a framework for positive patient outcomes. Key to managing these risks is effective communication between all stakeholders.

The STOMP campaign is addressing the overprescribing of psychotropic medicines in people with learning disabilities. It is hoped that by reducing these medicines, in the absence of a mental health diagnosis, existing health inequalities, morbidity and mortality may be reduced.
Analyses of Mechanical Properties of By-products for Development of Livestock Feed Bioreactor
Authors: Woo Seungmin , Uyeh Daniel Dooyum , Kim Junhee , Ha Yushin
Published: June 2019

Abstract.

Research on the utilization of by-products for alternative feed production has been undertaken to reduce the cost of breeding livestock especially in East Asia where there is high dependency on grains. Most studies, however, have focused on their properties. By-products have a wide range of moisture content (MC). Anaerobic fermentation is usually adopted as a processing method to prevent deterioration, decomposition, and acidification during the transportation and storage processes. As a preceding study for developing a storage and fermentation system, the objective of this study was to analyze the mechanical characteristics of by-products. Geometric, physical, and rheological characteristics were examined using particle testing methods. Heat transfer coefficient and specific heat of by-products were determined using quick thermal conductivity meter. An extremely high uniformity coefficient of between 2.30 and 3.29 for the mixed by-products was recorded with a static repose angle ranging from 32.3° to 46.6°. The adhesive force increased when materials high in moisture were mixed. The heat transfer coefficient was in the range of 0.1244 to 0.2774 W/m·K and specific heat was between 307.8 and 594.3 J/g. Mechanical characteristics of by-products for the development of bioreactor were examined and reported. Keywords: By-products, Fermentation, Livestock feed, Mechanical characteristics, Storage.
The influence of edaphic factors on bamboo population in Mount Baung Natural Tourist Park, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: SOFIAH SITI , SETIADI DEDE , WIDYATMOKO DIDIK
Published: June 2019

Sofiah S, Setiadi D, Widyatmoko D. 2018. The Influence of Edaphic Factors on Bamboo Population in Mount Baung Natural Tourist Park, Pasuruan, East Java. Trop Drylands 2: 12-17. There are 1250 bamboo species in the world, an estimated 161 of them are in Indonesia. Mount Baung Natural Tourist Park (MBNTP) is one of the bamboo forests located in a conservation area in East Java. The purpose of this research was to study the influence of edaphic factors on the growth of bamboo. This research was carried out from September 2011 to May 2012. The principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine the relationships between edaphic components and bamboo occurrences. Seven species of bamboo were found in MBNTP, namely, Bambusa blumeana, Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Schizostachyum iraten, Gigantochloa atter, Gigantochloa apus, and Dinochloa matmat. The edaphic factors affected the presence of bamboo in MBNTP. Phosphor (P) is one of the edaphic factors which contributes significantly to B. blumeana, B. vulgaris, D. asper and S. iraten presence in MBNTP. These bamboos grow in soil with high P levels of up to 27 ppm. The existence of G. apus was influenced by Manganese (Mn) and Sodium (Na) elements. This bamboo in this area was more commonly found in soil environments with low levels of Na (< 0.02 (cmol (+) kg-1)) and Mn (≤ 24 ppm). The species of bamboo with the densest population in Mount Baung, namely B. blumeana, was influenced by environment factor, i.e., the slope. Each bamboo has its own uniqueness in its growth. G. apus and G. atter populations were affected by solar radiation.
Assessment of the rates of thiocyanate in treated and untreated red and brown finger millet (Eleusine coracana) cultivated in Mogotio Area, Baringo County, Kenya
Authors: CHEBET SILVA JERONO , NAWIRI MILDRED , MURUNGI JANE
Published: June 2019

Chebet SJ, Nawiri M, Murungi J. 2018. Assessment of the rates of thiocyanate in treated and untreated red and brown finger millet (Eleusine coracana) cultivated in Mogotio Area, Baringo County, Kenya. Trop Drylands 2: 28-34. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is a significant African primary diet plant in the tropics. The plant has a content of cyanogenic glycosides which can be easily altered to thiocyanate by glycosidases and sulfur transferase enzymes found in the plant or in the animal tissues. Thiocyanate impedes the absorption of iodine by the iodide pump of the thyroid gland which is then acted as a goitrogen. This goitrogen gives pressure on thyroid function causing goiter. People of Mogotio usually cultivated the red and brown varieties of finger millet. Therefore, to ascertain the rate of thiocyanate in treated and untreated finger millet in the region to collect information that will be used to address goiter was significant. The rates of thiocyanate were examined from the finger millet in the form of desiccated, germinated or immersed beans, or in the form of fresh, fermented or cooked flour. The green and desiccated leaves of the plant were also examined for thiocyanate. Samples of the red and brown varieties of finger millet were arbitrarily picked out from the cultivators in the area. Thiocyanate content was examined utilizing UV-VIS spectrophotometric detection. ANOVA and independent T-test were utilized to analyzed data. SNK test was utilized to do the separation of means. The rates of thiocyanate content in the red finger millet were between 43.48±1.56 to 4.28±0.5 mg/kg with the highest rates was in fresh desiccated beans followed by germinated ones and the lowest rates was in cooked flour. While in the brown finger millet, it was between 53.30±0.78 to 4.96±0.40 mg/kg with the highest rates was in germinated beans and the lowest rates were in cooked flour. Green leaves hold 31.69±0.71 mg/kg while the desiccated ones hold 8.80±0.14 mg/kg. The results showed significant dissimilarities between the rates in the beans and that of in the flour (p< 0.001). They also showed that the thiocyanate content in finger millet samples was within the recommended rates (100 mg/kg), but the frequency of intake may still give a risk on health. Therefore, it is suggested to encourage the cooking of finger millet before processing as this decreases thiocyanate rates.
Short Communication: Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for genotype selection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: LAPUIMAKUNI SHERLY , KHUMAIDA NURUL , ARDIE SINTHO WAHYUNING , ARDIE SINTHO WAHYUNING
Published: June 2019

Lapuimakuni S, Khumaida N, Ardie SW. 2018. Evaluation of drought tolerance indices for genotype selection of foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Trop Drylands 2: 37-40. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) Beauv) is one of underutilized crop grown for its nutritious grain and its relative tolerance to drought stress. Although foxtail millet has been reported as to be relatively tolerant to drought stress, the drought tolerance level of this crop is varied between genotypes. Thus, breeding approaches to develop drought-tolerant foxtail millet variety is of great importance. This study aimed to: (i) evaluate several drought tolerance indices to determine one or more predictors among studied indices, and (ii) identify the drought tolerance level of the evaluated foxtail millet genotypes. Eight foxtail millet genotypes were planted in a greenhouse with a completely randomized design and five replications under both drought and normal watering conditions. Staggered planting was applied to synchronize flowering time. Water was withheld for 15 days during the flowering period, and then plants were re-watered until harvest time. Multiple indices for drought tolerance were calculated based on the potential yield (Yp) under non-stress and yield (Ys) under stress conditions. Based on the correlation, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis, yield index (YI) and harmonic mean (HM) were considered the best indices for the selection of drought-tolerant foxtail millet genotypes. By using the best indices, two foxtail millet genotypes (ICERI-5 and ICERI-6) were considered as drought tolerant genotypes.
Structural model of sandalwood (Santalum album) regeneration in the forest and community plantation in Timor Island, Indonesia
Authors: SERAN YOSEPH NAHAK , SUDARTO SUDARTO , HAKIM LUCHMAN , ARISOESILANINGSIH ENDANG
Published: June 2019

Seran YN, Sudarto, Hakim L, Arisoesilaningsih E. 2018. Structural model of sandalwood (Santalum album) regeneration in the forest and community plantation in Timor Island, Indonesia. Trop Drylands 2: 41-47. Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) is a very important forest product in NTT, an endemic species in the world with a high economic value.. This study aimed to identify and produce a structural model of sandalwood regeneration in both the forests and the community plantation in the Regency of Timor Tengah Selatan (TTS) and Timor Tengah Utara (TTU). The method used in this research was vegetation analysis by purposive sampling method on 8 observation stations with 87 plots. The plot size was 20x20 m2 (trees), 10x10 m2 (poles), 5x5 m2 (saplings), and 2x2 m2 (seedlings). Data observed in the field included the mean sandalwood population size in the forms of trees, poles, saplings and seedlings phase, vegetation data in sandalwood habitat which included tree wealth index, diversity index, number of individuals and sandalwood host diversity index data. Geographical factors such as altitude and slope, and abiotic factors such as soil organic matter, soil pH and soil conductivity were also recorded. Climate data included the number of dry months and rainfall. Sandalwood regeneration data included sandalwood vitality, pests and diseases and the number of seeds. Secondary data included climate data (ten years time) obtained from BMKG of NTT Province in Kupang. These data were used as the indicators of the latent variables (six variables) which consisted of geography, soil, climate, population, vegetation, and regeneration. Obtained data were subjected to both descriptive analysis and multivariate statistics with structural modeling of Warp Partial Least Square (WarpPLS 6.0). The results showed that most of the proposed indicators significantly influenced the compiled six latent variables except the host diversity. Some indicators significantly or highly significantly affected the latent variable with 15 indicators that significantly composed the latent variable. The resulting structural model is very relevant and has a relevance value of Q2 prediction of 96,65% so that the structural model proposed in this study has very relevant and high predictive value on factors that influence sandalwood regeneration. Therefore, this model is feasible or appropriate to be used as recommendations in the framework of sandalwood development in the forest and the community plantation in the West part of Timor Island, Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Handling and marketing of dairy products in and around Bahir Dar Milkshed Areas, Ethiopia
Authors: SISAY TILAHUN , ALEMAYEHU KEFYALEW , HAILE MOLLA
Published: June 2019

Sisay T, Alemayehu K, Haile M. 2018. Handling and marketing of dairy products in and around Bahir Dar Milkshed Areas, Ethiopia. Trop Drylands 2: 48-58. This study was conducted to assess handling, processing and marketing of milk and milk products using 180 sample households in the formal survey with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Market channels and chains of milk and milk products were described using market data from sample households, key informants and sale records. Overall, 45.6% of the sample households supplied milk for market with the highest in Bahir Dar City, followed by Tis Abay and lowest proportion was at Sebatamit rural kebele. Overall, the average amount of milk daily supplied to market was 6.6 liters/household and the figure at Bahir Dar City, Sebatamit and Tis Abay rural kebeles were 9.7, 5.6 and 2.33 liters, respectively. Daily milk delivered through cooperative and other sale outlets as farm gate, customers` gate on delivery system and farm shop. Season, location and interaction of these factors had highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) effect on volume of milk monthly collected at cooperatives. Different market channels, outlets, and agents identified for various dairy products; butter being with the longest channel, followed by marketing of milk and low-fat milk/ semi-skim milk to pass through about three channels. Milk supplied to market, generally constrained by feed shortage, lack of improved breed, unreliable milk market, unattractive price and producers` limited awareness. Dairy cooperatives generally, create milk market outlet and supplied various processed milk products to market; of which low-fat milk (semi-skim milk) is sold in its fresh state which might be used as a less expensive product. Hence, to the paramount role of the cooperatives in the area strengthening the linkage between producers and consumers, which in turn provide reliable milk market and benefit producers from market opportunity of dairying, the constraints limiting the supply of marketable milk need to be addressed.