bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The European Union's Increasing Role in Foreign Policy Counterterrorism
Authors: MacKenzie Alexander
Published: April 2022

Since 9/11, the role of the European Union (EU) in counter-terrorism has expanded rapidly. Most of the developments were internally derived and would affect only EU Member States and countries on the EU’s periphery. However, over the past few years, the EU has become increasingly involved in counter-terrorism outside its borders. Although it still has a long way to progress before being recognised as a counter-terrorism actor of note, the EU has demonstrated a commitment to include counter-terrorism related initiatives into its foreign policies. Analyses of the EU’s foreign policy counter-terrorism have focused on narrow definitions of foreign policy. It is necessary to distinguish between the external dimension of counter-terrorism and foreign policy counter-terrorism, and there is a need to combine these in order to better understand the EU as a counter-terrorism actor. Foreign policy and counter-terrorism therefore need to be broadly defined in order to take account of the full array of EU counter-terrorism initiatives. Through the EU’s efforts to counter terrorist financing, the EU’s role in Afghanistan, the EU-US relationship, and the Commission-based Instrument for Stability (IfS) it will be shown that the EU has made considerable progress towards creating a multi-faceted counter-terrorism policy in the nine years since 9/11.
Do Transnational Party Federations Matter? (... and Why Should We Care?)
Authors: Van Hecke Steven
Published: April 2022

Compared to national political parties, transnational party federations (often known as Europarties) play little role in the European Union (EU). They have no government-making power, and national party politics continue to dominate European Parliament elections. The literature therefore focuses primarily on national political parties operating within the EU framework and on supranational party groups in the European Parliament. In contrast, this review article examines what transnational party federations are and what they do within the context of EU governance, in addition to and reconsidering them in light of recent developments in the EU. By analysing party politics at the transnational level, this article bridges the gap in the literature between research that focuses on the national level and research that focuses on the supranational level. The key conclusion is that transnational party federations do matter, but in a manner different from that of national political parties and supranational party groups. Because transnational party federations offer partisan linkages between different EU institutions, they influence politics and policy-making, in addition to contributing to the increasing politicisation of the EU polity.
The European Union’s Role in the Palestinian Territory after the Oslo Accords: Stillborn State-building
Authors: Bouris Dimitris
Published: April 2022

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the debate about the European Union (EU)’s role as a state-builder in the case of the Palestinian Territory and in particular the extent to which EU policies and programmes in the area have been able to assist the process of state-building in Palestine in the aftermath of the 1993 Oslo Accords. By analysing the liberal peace and liberal democracy debate on the one hand and the EU’s state-building and conflict resolution policies on the other hand, the paper aims to evaluate the distinctive role of the EU as a state-builder in the case of the Palestinian Territory. Moreover, by focusing on state-building initiatives such as police and security reform, institution-building, judicial reform, as well as support for the health and education sectors, the paper aims to answer the following questions: why have the EU’s state-building strategies employed after the Oslo Accords in Palestine had so little impact? Can this tell us anything that we do not know about the high politics of the conflict? Does this represent a failure of the whole liberal peace-building model (or not)?
Invisible Forum? The Public Outreach of the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
Authors: Brovelli Alessandra , Chaban Natalia , Lai Suet-Yi , Holland Martin
Published: April 2022

Contributing to the wider field of studies of international communication strategies by major international fora, this study investigates a scholarly vacuum – the role of visibility in the Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM). A novelty of this inquiry is that it is carried out on endogenous (i.e. deriving internally in ASEM) and exogenous (i.e. originating externally to ASEM) levels. Addressing the former perspective, this paper examines ASEM’s official discourse and its vision of the role of visibility. Addressing the latter, exogenous perspective, the paper explores a rarely addressed dimension in ASEM studies, namely personal perceptions of the forum among Asian national elites (the opinions expressed by representatives of political, business, media and civil society circles in Japan, China, South Korea, Singapore and Thailand). The main rationale is to assess whether the degree of ASEM’s visibility positively correlates to the direct involvement of the stakeholders into or to the achievement of the process. Positing its inquiry within a social constructivist perspective, this article argues that, instead of being conceptualised as the end-goal, visibility should be understood as an element in the construction of the Asia-Europe relations under the ASEM framework.
Contemporary Trans-regional Cooperation between Europe and Asia in a Changing World
Authors: Pakpahan Beginda
Published: April 2022

This article is concerned with contemporary trans-regional cooperation between Europe and Asia in a changing world. It examines the emerging economic relationship between the EU and Asia and possible challenges and implications facing both regions. It argues that Europe - Asia economic and commercial ties are likely in the future to result in unbalanced economic development between both these regions; in short, future agreements are likely to disproportionately favour Europe. Therefore, the economic and commercial ties between these two regions should aim to develop the least advanced countries in Asia. The article argues that ASEM can be empowered as a common flexible framework for bilateral and inter-regional trade initiatives between both regions; it can be empowered to manage and monitor these trade initiatives and their social implications for vulnerable ASEM countries. The main objective of this article is to contribute a clearer understanding of the current EU - Asia relationship in the context of ASEM.
Taking Stock of EU Military Conflict Management
Authors: Rodt Annemarie Peen
Published: April 2022

Over the last decade, the EU has established itself as a player in the international field of conflict management. Both its civilian missions and military operations have played a significant part in this development. This article takes a closer look at the EU’s military endeavours in conflict management. It presents a theoretically grounded definition and a corresponding set of criteria for success in military conflict management and evaluates the operations accordingly. The article provides a comprehensive review of all the EU military conflict management operations to date. The analysis is structured and focused around the criteria for success, which provides a more nuanced picture of the Union’s operational achievements throughout its first decade in military conflict management.
Anything But Arms? Perceptions, the European Union and the Arms Embargo on China
Authors: Brown Scott A. W.
Published: April 2022

This article examines the debate that emerged in the European Union (EU) in late 2003 and ran to mid-2005 on the possibility of lifting the arms embargo imposed on the People’s Republic of China (PRC) since June 1989. It seeks to offer a more nuanced explanation of the developments in the EU’s arms embargo policy towards China than has been put forward in the existing literature to date, which makes assumptions about the motivations of certain actors. To do so, it examines how the perceptions of key policymakers in the EU and two of its Member States – France and the United Kingdom (UK) – influenced their positions in the debate. The article argues that an account focusing on the variation in perceptions between actors and consequently divergent policy preferences through close process-tracing of the development of the policy facilitates a more nuanced explanation of the proceedings of the debate.
What is ‘Self-Help’? Self-Help Group Case-Study in Phnom Penh with Applying Most Significant Change Analyze
Authors:   National University of Laos, Yokoyama Taizo
Published: April 2022

The study explores the dynamism of Self-Help and Self-Help Groups in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, by drawing on multiple narratives of International Organizations, NGOs and Self-Help Groups (n=11). The research is qualitative in nature, conducting semi-structured interviews and attempts to depict the developmental processes of SHG with applying the originally customized Most Significant Change methodology. The result indicates ‘sangkhum’ (‘confidence’ and ‘hope’ in Khmer) is a key element for Self-Help spirit, which developed itself through encountering significant persons and social participation. It is also recognized that the concept of Self-Help ought to be grasped as a dynamism of continuum with listening-thinking-action in dialogical interaction with existing society fueled by passion for innovation (pathos of novelty).
The Analysis of Problems and Needs of Educational Information Technology of Thailand National Sports University
Authors:   Thailand National Sports University Chon Buri Campus, Chankuna Dittachai , Thanaiudompat Thanarit , Sujintawong Panitnan
Published: April 2022

The objectives of this study were to 1) investigate the problems surrounding the use of information technology in education at Thailand National Sports University Chon Buri Campus and 2) determine the university's information technology needs. The quantitative method was used to investigate the problems and needs associated with the use of information technology in education at Thailand National Sports University Chon Buri campus. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 92 individuals who worked at Thailand National Sports University's Chon Buri Campus as executive administrators, lecturers, and support staff. The study's findings indicated that the priority was placed on the design of educational technology that aided in teaching and learning. Following that, there was a need in designing educational technology to support research and educational technology designed to support academic services.
A Metaphorical View Regarding the Career and Sports Perceptions of University Students
Authors:   Bandırma Onyedi Eylul University, Turkey, Çar Bekir , Metin Serkan Necati , Süngü Büşra , Konar Nurettin
Published: April 2022

A career is a process in which people prepare themselves for a higher level in their professional life by gaining certain experiences and knowledge in their professional life and direct proportion to the increase in their knowledge. Sports are activities that socialize people through certain physical activities, reveal their performance and contribute to the development of people emotionally. This study aimed to reveal the perceptions of the faculty of sports sciences students about the concept of career and sports through metaphors. The study group of the research consisted of 61 students studying at Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Faculty of Sports Sciences, physical education and sports teaching department. In the study, the metaphorical perceptions of the 1. grade students studying in the department of physical education and sports teaching, and coaching education in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year regarding the concept of "Career and Sports" were examined by qualitative data collection method. In the study, data were collected after the participants completed the statements “Career is like … because…” and “Sport is like … because…”. By using the word "like" in the metaphor, an attempt was made to establish a connection between the subject and the source, and the phrase "because" was asked to be completed to obtain other information. In the study, phenomenological design and qualitative research techniques were used. For the solution and explanation of metaphors, the study was performed by revealing the metaphors, classifying the metaphors, categorizing them, and determining their validity and reliability. As a result of the information gathered, the participants wrote 42 metaphors in 7 categories following 60 themes related to the concept of career, and they wrote 43 metaphors in 5 categories following 60 themes for the concept of sports. As a result, when the metaphorical perceptions of university students towards the concepts of career and sports were investigated, it was seen that the students had the most variability category for the concept of "career" and the psychological impact categories for the concept of "sports."
Economic Growth Models and FDI in the CIS Countries During the Period of Digitalization
Authors:   Financial Research Institute, Moscow 127006, Russian Federation, Olkhovik Vladimir V. ,   HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation, Lyutova Olga I. ,   HSE University, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation, Juchnevicius Edvardas
Published: April 2022

This article explores the interrelation between economic growth and foreign direct investments (FDI) in the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) in 1993–2019. The research focuses on the impact of new FDI inflows per capita, as well as the influence of accumulated foreign capital (FDI stock per capita) on GDP growth per capita. This article has aimed to find the causal link between GDP growth and FDI inflows, as well as between GDP growth and FDI stock per capita in the CIS countries. The research methods include: empirical and statistical research, synthesis of practical and theoretical matters, methods of mathematical modelling. Discussion. FDI in the CIS countries are often determined by market size and market growth potential, which ensure a favourable business environment for foreign investors. Data obtained during the analysis suggest that the CIS countries mainly attract market-oriented FDI, which is consistent with the findings of the authors. Thus, the accumulated foreign capital stock has positive impact on economic growth in the CIS countries. Results. Foreign direct investments for economic growth act through such factors as gross domestic product, interest rate, average wages, exchange rate, consumer price index, political stability. The coronavirus pandemic factor is assessed by the authors as negatively affecting the investment attractiveness of countries; the use of digital technologies in handling FDI, according to the authors, is debatable issue.
Approaches to the Modeling and Use of a Long-term Budget Projection at the Regional Level
Authors:   RANEPA, Moscow 119571, Russian Federation, Barbashova Natalia E. Barbashova
Published: April 2022

In compliance with the requirements of the budget legislation the constituent entities of the Russian Federation work out and adopt long-term budget forecasts. The major drawbacks of the current regional forecasts are inadequate methodology of calculating indicators (revenues, expenditures, deficit, debt) and an indistinct role of forecasting in the budgeting process. The article gives specific recommendations on assessing the parameters of revenues and expenditures of the regional budget for a long term horizon. The author focuses on the relationship of the long-term budget forecasts with the other documents of strategic planning (notably, forecasts of socio-economic development). The author suggests various formulas for calculating revenues and expenditures of regional budgets in the long term, as well as options for detailed elaboration of these parameters depending on the availability of background information and the peculiar features of the region. The article also formulates recommendations on the formalized approaches to assess the long-term consequences of the region’s budget policy, as well as to quantify external challenges on a long-term budget forecast model. Approbation of the proposed approaches was carried out on the example of a simulation model based on the data of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug.
A Novel IMF SWARA-FDWGA-PESTEL Analysis For Assessment Of Healthcare System
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Kragujevac, Serbia, Vojinović Nikolina , Stević Željko ,   University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tanackov Ilija ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Serbia
Published: April 2022

Decision-making represents a very popular field with many developed approaches. However, still exists the need for the creation of novel integrated models such as well is the case in this paper. The novel integrated Improved Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (IMF SWARA) method, Fuzzy Dombi weighted geometric averaging (FDWGA) operator and PESTEL (P-Political, E-Economic, S-Social, T-Technological, E-Environmental, L-Legal) model has been developed. Five decision-makers (DMs) have evaluated six main elements of the PESTEL analysis and 30 elements more (five for each group). In total, we have created 35 models based on the developed model. Results of PESTEL analysis based on IMF SWARA method and FDWGA shows that legal and economic factors represent the most significant parameters, while last placed belong environmental group. Also, the usefulness of the developed integrated model has been demonstrated.
Pendampingan dan Pengembangan Dalam Memanajemen UMKM Secara Strategis Melalui Teknologi Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Raysuni Ahmad Adib
Published: April 2022

Sektor Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang merupakan bagianterpenting dari sektor ekonomi sangat merasakan dampaknya. Inilah yangdikhawatirkan oleh semua pihak, karena telah membuat sektor UMKMmengalami kemunduran yang signifikan.Apalagi saat ini banyak UMKM yang mengalami berbagai permasalahan sepertipenurunan penjualan, permodalan, distribusi terhambat, kesulitan bahan baku, produksi menurun dan terjadinya banyak pemutusan hubungan kerja untuk pekerja dan buru yang kemudian menjadi ancaman bagi perekonomian nasional. UMKM sebagai penggerak ekonomi domestik dan penyerap tenaga kerja tengah menghadapi penurunan produktivitas yang berakibat pada penurunan profit secara signifikan. Bahkan berdasarkan survei Asian Development Bank (ADB) terkait dampak pandemi terhadap UMKM di Indonesia, 88% usaha mikro kehabisan kas atau tabungan, dan lebih dari 60% usaha mikro kecil ini sudah mengurangi tenaga kerjanya. Harus diakui bahwa pandemi Covid-19 telah membuat menurunya daya beli masyarakat. Dikarenakan publik telah mengurangi interaksi diluar ruangan untuk menekan persebaran pandemi. Dengan demikian, banyak konsumen yang kemudian menjaga jarak dan mengalihkan pembelian secara digital. Dampaknya banyak UMKM yang harus menutup usahanya karena menurunya pembelian dan masih tergantung pada penjualan secara luar jaringan (offline). Sehingga beberapa sektor UMKM yang belum beradaptasi secara digital pada akhirnya sangat terdampak hingga menutup gerainya. Meski begitu pandemi Covid-19 secara tidak langsung telah mendorong perubahan baru dalam lingkungan bisnis Indonesia.
MEMBANGUN KEPUASAN PELANGGAN MELALUI MUTU, PELAYANAN, DAN NILAI
Authors: Annisa Nurul
Published: April 2022

Penawaran berhasil ketika mereka memberikan nilai dan kepuasan kepada pembeli yang ditargetkan. Pembeli memilih penawaran yang berbeda berdasarkan kesadaran mereka tentang penawaran mana yang paling berharga. Nilai mencerminkan berbagai manfaat berwujud dan tidak berwujud. Dan biaya yang dirasakan oleh pelanggan.
Makalah Kerja Sama Di Bidang Usaha Antar Koperasi dan Bukan Koperasi
Authors: Khaerat Muhammad Emir
Published: April 2022

Suatu organisasi baik yang bersifat sosial, politik, maupun ekonomi tentunya tidak bisa berjalan dengan cara sendiri sendiri atau dengan kata lain,perlu bantuan orang atau organisasi lain, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, ada kaitan kegiatan usaha maupun tidak ada kaitan dengan bidang usahanya. Demikian halnya dengan organisasi koperasi yang merupakan kegiatan usaha yang bergerak dibidang ekonomi, maka perlu kerjasama dengan organiasasi lain baik itu organisasi koperasi maupun bukan koperasi, baik berkaitan dengan bidang usaha maupun tidak berkaitan dengan bidang usahanya, dalam rangka meningkatkan kegiatan usahanya. Berkaitan dengan masalah kerjasama koperasi antar koperasi, dan koperasi dengan bidang usaha lainnya telah diatur dalam pasal 58 ayat 1 undang-undang no. 25 tahun 1992 tentang pengkoperasian.
Pengertian akad secara etimologi
Authors: Azilla Hanum
Published: April 2022

Identifikasi akad akad terlarang
Optimizing Fetal Outcomes in Twin-Twin-Transfusion Syndrome using Serial Amnioreduction in Resource-Constrained Unit: A Case Report
Authors: Oloyede Olufemi A , Lamina Mustafa A , Shorunmu Tessie O
Published: April 2022

Background: Twin-twin transfusion syndrome is an important complication of monochorionic placentation in twin pregnancy. The management of this condition in Nigeria and many other developing countries has always been “watchful expectancy” with attendant high perinatal morbidity and mortality. Amnioreduction is a less demanding treatment option compared with fetoscopic laser coagulation management option in terms of cost and expertise, but has not been reported from any unit in Nigeria. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old gravid 2 para 1+0, 1 alive, carrying twin pregnancy was referred at 22 weeks gestation with complaint of mild discomfort due to sudden rapid enlargement of the abdomen. Physical examination and ultrasound scan assessment confirm Quintero stage II Twin-twin transfusion syndrome and she underwent serial amnioreduction at 24, 28 and 31 weeks of gestation with satisfactory outcomes. She had caesarean section at 33 weeks due to an acute episode of severe maternal discomfort and was delivered of 2 live female babies. There were no adverse perinatal events. Conclusion: This case presented demonstrates the role of amnioreduction in the management of carefully selected cases of twin-twin transfusion syndrome and further encouraged its utilization. in resource-constrained units instead of ‘watchful expectancy’ and in the absence of fetoscopic laser photocoagulation
Resume
Authors: Febianil
Published: April 2022

Dalam ekonomi islam, secara etimologi uang berasal dari kata al-naqdu-nuqud. Pengertiannya ada beberapa makna, yaitu al-naqdu berarti yang baik dari dirham, menggenggam dirham, membedakan dirham, dan al-aqd juga berarti tunai. Kata uang (nuqud) tidak terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an maupun hadis Nabi SAW. karena bangsa Arab umumnya tidak menggunakan kata nuqud untuk menunjukkan harga. Mereka menggunakan kata dinar untuk menunjukkan mata uang yang terbuat dari emas, kata dirham untuk menunjukkan alat tukar yang terbuat dari perak. Mereka juga menggunakan kata wariq untuk menunjukkan dirham perak, kata ‘ain untuk menunjukkan dinar emas. Sedangkan kata fulus (uang tembaga) alat tukar tambahan yang digunakan untuk membeli barang-barang murah.
Automated detection of microfossil fish teeth from slide images using combined deep learning models
Authors: Mimura Kazuhide , Minabe Shugo , Nakamura Kentaro , Yasukawa Kazutaka , Ohta Junichiro , Kato Yasuhiro
Published: April 2022

Microfossil fish teeth, known as ichthyoliths, provide a key constraint on the depositional age and environment of deep-sea sediments, especially pelagic clays where siliceous and calcareous microfossils are rarely observed. However, traditional methods for the observation of ichthyoliths require considerable time and manual labor, which can hinder their wider application. In this study, we constructed a system to automatically detect ichthyoliths in microscopic images by combining two open source deep learning models. First, the regions for ichthyoliths within the microscopic images are predicted by the instance segmentation model Mask R-CNN. All the detected regions are then re-classified using the image classification model EfficientNet-V2 to determine the classes more accurately. Compared with only using the Mask R-CNN model, the combined system offers significantly higher performance (89.0% precision, 78.6% recall, and an F1 score of 83.5%), demonstrating the utility of the system. Our system can also predict the lengths of the teeth that have been detected, with more than 90% of the predicted lengths being within ± 20% of measured length. This system provides a novel, automated, and reliable approach for the detection and length measurement of ichthyoliths from microscope images that can be applied in a range of paleoceanographic and paleoecological contexts.
Mathematical determination of discrete sampling locations minimizing both the number of samples and the maximum interpolation error: application to measurements of surface ocean properties
Authors: GUGLIELMI Veronique , TOURATIER Franck , GOYET Catherine
Published: April 2022

Over the past three decades, started extensive measurements of ocean properties at fixed stations throughout the water column, as well as in the surface ocean via oceanographic ships and via ships of opportunity. The later ones were particularly used to determine the air-sea CO2 fluxes from automated measurements of sea-surface temperature, salinity, and CO2 fugacity. These underway measurements, often recorded at a frequency of every minute, generate large data files that need to be quality controlled, stored and analyzed. Thus, for practical use, these data are often binned by 1degree latitude x 1degree longitude. Unfortunately, by doing so, there is loss of accuracy of these data sets.Here, using the original 2010 underway data sets of sea-surface temperature, sea-surface salinity, total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon, along the cruise track from Hobart (Tasmania) to Dumont DUrville (Antarctica), we show what would had been a more appropriate record pattern for each of these properties while still keeping the full accuracy of their measurements. Furthermore, we propose a general protocol to objectively determine appropriate locations of each property underway measurements according to their aimed accuracy. These results should greatly facilitate future cruise preparation and reduce cost of measurements, thus, our carbon imprint.
"Snakes and ladders" in Paleoanthropology: From Cognitive Surprise to Skillfulness a Million Years Ago"
Authors: Manrique Héctor Marín , Friston Karl , Walker Michael John
Published: April 2022

A scientific paradigmatic account suffices to interpret behavioral evolution in early Homo. Cognitive surprises, favoring anomalous behavioral propensities to sporadic expression, can explain “snakes-and-ladders” appearances and disappearances of Paleolithic skills in the Early and Middle Pleistocene record. The account applies the principle of stationary action, which underpins the free energy principle, to self-organizing systems at an evolutionary timescale. Unusual personal attainments, often explained by invoking progressive ascent of evolutionary phylogenetic “ladders” of cognitive and technical abilities, could be disregarded in a hominin community that failed to imagine or articulate possible advantages for its survivability. Such failure, as well as diverse fortuitous demographic accidents, could erase from collective memory the recollection of exceptional individual conduct which disappeared down a “snake”, so to speak, of the human evolutionary “puzzle”. The puzzle discomforts paleoanthropologists. Some explain it away with the self-justifying assertion that separate paleospecies of Homo differentially possessed cognitive abilities that allegedly underlay the differential presence or absence in the Pleistocene archeological record of traces of particular behavioral outcomes or skills. An alternative methodological perspective, grounded in the fundamental relationships between organisms and their environments, affords a parsimonious, prosaic, deflationary account for appearances and disappearances of behavioral outcomes and skills.
Polish Draft Law on “Family Foundations”
Authors: Adamus Rafał
Published: April 2022

This study concerns on the Draft Act on Family Foundations. This draft law is still in the course of legislative works, but it constitutes the basis for a lively discussion in Poland on its final structure. This paper presents the general concept of regulating family foundations in Poland with the most important aspects of the private-legal structure. The model relating to tax solutions remains beyond the scope of this text. The Bill on Family Foundations has a symbolic dimension, because if the legislator intends to implement it, it means that the development of economic relations in Poland has reached an appropriate high level.
Mortalidad materna, ¿cambiando la causalidad el 2021?
Authors: Gutiérrez Ramos Miguel
Published: April 2022

.Conocemos que el número absoluto de muertes maternas que ocurren cada año en el mundo, comparados con las que ocurren con los acci- dentes de tránsito, resultan ser muy pocas; sin embargo, para un país la mortalidad materna es un indicador clave de desarrollo, y el nivel y la calidad de la asistencia proporcionada a las mujeres antes, durante y después del embarazo, dentro y fuera del sistema de salud, refleja el valor relativo que cada sociedad les otorga(1). Por esa razón, este indica- dor resulta ser muy importante para poder comparar los esfuerzos que cada país desarrolla desde el punto de vista de la salud.
ANALYSIS ON THE TERMINATION OF FOREIGN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP BY THE GOVERNMENT
Authors: Faizal Kurniawan  , Julienna Hartono  , Xavier Nugraha  , Annida Aqiila Putri
Published: April 2022

The implementation of foreign public-private partnerships (PPP) as alternative funding to build an infrastructure of a country has been a common practice. However, upon the termination of the PPP, the government may intend to own and manage the infrastructure fully. This article analyses whether such a situation falls under the legal concept of expropriation or a breach of contract. The article uses the doctrinal research method that combines the statute approaches, conceptual approaches, and case approach. The research concludes that the distinction can be made based on the government's capacity as an authority or a party to the contract.  If the government acts as a public authority, then the termination of PPP is considered as an indirect expropriation; if the government action is based on its commercial capacity or as a party to a contract, then the termination of PPP is considered a breach of contract.
Analiza odrtokodnih in brezplačnih geografskih informacijskih sistemov s poudarkom na spletni dostopnosti in funkcionalnosti
Authors: Urh Marko , Rajkovič Uroš , Bitenc Iztok , Kofjač Davorin
Published: April 2022

Prispevek opisuje analizo in izbiro odprtokodnih in brezplačnih geografskih informacijskih sistemov. V uvodnem delu je prikazan pomen geografskih informacijskih sistemov in odprtokodne programske opreme. Sledi predstavitev odprtokodne in brezplačne programske opreme ter njenih značilnosti. Odprtokodna in brezplačna programska oprema ima svoje prednosti in slabosti. Prispevek opisuje geografske informacijske sisteme, podatkovni koncept geografskih informacijskih sistemov, njihove funkcionalnosti ter namen in področja uporabe. Za analizo in ocenjevanje so bili izbrani nekateri najvidnejši predstavniki odprtokodnih in brezplačnih geografskih informacijskih sistemov. Analizirane so bile funkcije geografskih informacijskih sistemov. V prispevku so opisani nekateri kazalniki uradnih spletnih strani sistemov, kot so PageRank, TrustRank, GlobalRank, Bounce Rate in drugi. Ocena posameznega geografskega informacijskega sistema je bila narejena na podlagi večparametrskega odločitvenega modela, ki je temeljil na metodi Kepner-Tregoe. Na izbiro geografskega informacijskega sistema vpliva veliko dejavnikov, zato izbira ni preprosta.
Ali so slovenska podjetja pripravljena na digitalizacijo poslovanja
Authors: Kovačič Andrej
Published: April 2022

Projekti celovite prenove (digitalizacije) poslovanja se pri nas predvsem usmerjajo v prenovo in informatizacijo poslovnih procesov s stališča možnosti informacijske tehnologije. Osredotočeni so na vprašanja in cilje dviga učinkovitosti, zanemarjajo pa, zaradi odsotnosti predhodne obravnave strateške ravni, vprašanja in cilje, ki so povezani z uspešnostjo poslovanja organizacije. Namen prispevka je predstaviti digitalno preobrazbo in nakazati možne poti njene uveljavitve. Pri tem gre za strateški pristop k preobrazbi poslovne doktrine in posledični prenovi poslovanja. V zaključku skušamo oceniti pripravljenost obstoječih slovenskih podjetij na digitalno preobrazbo.
Analysis of eHealth solutions in Slovenia: A usage perspective
Authors: Rant Živa , Stanimirović Dalibor
Published: April 2022

The project for the digitalization of Slovenian health care (eHealth) should integrate all fragmented information systems and provide relevant medical, economic and administrative data, which could improve the increasingly important evidence-based decision-making and management in the health care system. This paper explores the current state of the most important eHealth solutions in Slovenia, i.e. ePrescription, eAppointment and Central Registry of Patient Data, and furthermore specifically focuses on different aspects of their use by health care professionals and patients. The in-depth analysis included the review of eHealth-related sources and structured discussions with the experts responsible for the development and implementation of eHealth solutions. The research reveals that significant progress has been made in the last 3 years and that the short-term objectives of eHealth solutions have been met almost without exception. However, in order to further exploit the potentials of eHealth in the future, all efforts behind this project will have to be supported by systematic measures on all levels as well as the firm commitment of stakeholders.
Kombinirano učenje - izkušnje in rešitve
Authors: Bitenc Iztok , Werber Borut , Urh Marko
Published: April 2022

Ob uvedbi kombiniranega e-učenja smo se na fakulteti predavatelji in študenti srečali z novimi izzivi. Posebej se je to pokazalo pri učenju računalniškega programiranja in podobnih predmetih, ki od študentov zahtevajo sprotno usvajanje znanja in logično kombiniranje tega znanja pri reševanju zastavljenih problemskih nalog. Tu smo zaznali povečano odsotnost študentov, plagiatorstvo in izjemno povečanje obremenitev predavateljev pri pregledovanju in ocenjevanju problemsko usmerjenih e-nalog. Rešitve smo našli na več področjih. Uvedli smo več načinov motiviranja študentov za sprotno delo. Spremenili smo vsebino e-nalog, da osnovni pregled pravilnosti oddane kode izvede računalnik. Prilagodili smo nastavitve orodja za podporo e-študiju za čim hitrejši pregled in ocenitev e-nalog. Namesto informativnih e-nalog smo izvedli e-predavanje kot videokonferenco. Z vzporednim izvajanjem predavanj in vaj smo študentom dali več časa za usvojitev novih znanj. Rezultat teh in tudi drugih ukrepov je danes za približno tretjino povečana udeležba študentov na prvem izpitnem roku.
Digitalizacija in prilagoditev psihološkega testa za uporabo s sistemom za spremljanje očesnih gibov
Authors: Groznik Vida
Published: April 2022

Demenca je najpogostejša nevrološka motnja, za katero po svetu boleha okoli 50 milijonov ljudi, ta številka pa se zaradi staranjaprebivalstva vztrajno vecˇa. Raziskave kažejo, da se znaki demence v obliki kognitivnega upada nakazujejo že nekaj let pred jasnoizraženo klinicˇno sliko. V primeru, da te znake odkrijemo v fazi blagega kognitivnega upada (MCI), lahko z razlicˇnimi pristopiupocˇasnimo ali celo zaustavimo napredovanje bolezni v demenco. Za postavitev diagnoze je trenutno potreben pregled prinevrologu in psihologu, ki

postavita diagnozo. Žal pa le redki bolniki pridejo do specialistov, ko so še v fazi MCI. Eden izmed testov, ki se ga psihologi pogostoposlužujejo, je test s Corsijevimi kockami. S pomocˇjo le-tega psiholog lahko oceni stopnjo okvare vidno-prostorskega delovnega spomina, ki med drugim lahko nakazuje na MCI. Test se ponavadi izvaja s fizicˇnimi kockami, razporejenimi na podlago. Psiholog vnakljucˇnem zaporedju tapka po kockah, naloga preizkušanca pa je, da za psihologom ponovi tapkanje v istem vrstnem redu. Eden izmed nacˇinov za pravocˇasno detekcijo MCI je digitalizacija in avtomatizacija nevropsihološkega testiranja z uporabo sodobnihtehnologij. V zadnjih letih so se mocˇno izboljšali sistemi za sledenje ocˇesnim gibom, zaradi njihove cenovne dostopnosti pa so postalizanimivo orodje za potrebe raziskovanja nevroloških bolezni, pogosto tudi za raziskovanje razlicˇnih stopenj kognitivnega upada.  Vcˇlanku predlagamo prilagoditev in digitalizacijo testa Corsi za uporabo skupaj s sistemom za sledenje ocˇesnim gibom. Skupaj s šenekaterimi drugimi testi (npr. gladko sledenje tocˇki) bi tako predstavljal baterijo nalog za avtomatsko detekcijo znakov MCI z uporabosistema za sledenje ocˇesnim gibom. Tovrsten sistem bi lahko kot neke vrste presejalni test uporabljalo zdravstveno varstvo naprimarni ravni, ki bi ob odkritju prisotnosti MCI bolnika pravocˇasno napotil na pregled pri specialistu.
EFFECTS OF ROYAL JELLY ON OBESITY
Authors: Demirkaya Aslıhan , Sagdicoglu Celep Gulcin
Published: April 2022

Obesity is a disease that affects people's quality of life and is a risk factor for some fatal diseases. Its prevalence is increasing in the world and the biggest factor is nutritional problems and a sedentary lifestyle. Royal jelly (RJ), a natural product for obesity, a preventable disease, has been the subject of various studies. RJ secreted by young honey bees (worker bees) is the only food source for the queen bee and the first three days of food for immature bees. Several studies have shown RJ's anti-obesity, antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, RJ is seen as a promising functional food in the prevention of obesity and protection from its negative effects. This study is an examination of studies on the effects of RJ on obesity and its accompanying problems.
SOLAR FLARES: WAITING TIME CHARACTERIZATION USING A CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODEL
Authors:   INFIP, UBA CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina., Kychenthal M. , Morales L. F. ,   Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Published: April 2022

For almost 30 years the Lu & Hamilton avalanche model (LH91) has been the paramount tool to study the intermittent nature of solar flares via avalanche models. In this work, we used the two-dimensional model of Lu & Hamilton to assess the statistics of the waiting time between avalanches and the possibility of forecasting synthetic solar flares. We worked with three different definitions of waiting time between∆T,∆Tiiand∆TP. For the case of the usual definition of the waiting time between avalanches (∆T) we found that the statistics can be described statistically through an exponential function. For the other definitions, they present power-law statistics with exponents that compare well with solar observations.
Epidemics in Ancient Imperial China – Myths, Facts and Lessons for Posterity
Authors: Leung JSM
Published: April 2022

The recorded history of China spanned over 47 centuries. Since the beginning of the first century epidemics of each dynasty had been duly, if incompletely, recorded. This study is an attempt to review the epidemics recorded from the beginning of the first century A.D., when epidemic records first appeared as a regular entry, to the beginning of the 20th century which marked the end of the last dynasty in Imperial China. No attempt is made to stratify the types of individual infections as such scientific knowledge was lacking. Rather, epidemics are treated as one subject, in the broadest sense, of massive and highly contagious infections, occurring wave after wave, affecting society, culture, governments and the rise and fall of empires dynasties. Some of the materials had been used in a previous article in this Journal but reused out of necessity. Yet, every attempt has been made to minimize excessive repetition.
Enteral feeding deficient in vitamin K. Is there a related substantial bleeding risk?
Authors: E. Naschitz Jochanan , Zaigraykin Natalia , Zlotover Elena , Neime Faisal , Starikov Natalia , Yalonetski Ygor , Leibovitz Gregory
Published: April 2022

Vitamin K is essential for clotting factors II, VII, IX and X to be released in their active form. Under vitamin K deficiency a coagulopathy may develop that is marked by prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT). Patients receiving enteral feeding which does not cover the daily vitamin K requirements might be predisposed to develop a bleeding diathesis. Yet, current guidelines do not recommend monitoring the PT in patients receiving enteral feeding. In the present cross-sectional study, we assessed the prevalence of a prolonged PT in patients receiving long-term enteral feeding with one or a combination of the enteral formulas Osmolite®, Jevity®, Easymilk®. Sixty residents in long-term geriatric care received exclusively enteral feeding for a median 27 months (average 34.7, SD 29). The median daily vitamin K supplied by enteral feeding was 63.5 mcg (average 8.3, SD 17.2), i.e. less than the 150 mcg recommended by the Food and Drug Administration. In 57 patients the PT-INR was 0.9 - 1.2 (normal); the PT-INR was prolonged to 1.4 in 3 patients. There were 6 episodes of major bleeding and 4 episodes of minor bleeding during the study period, unrelated to prolonged PT and distributed at random along the time of enteral feeding. Accordingly, long-term vitamin K-deficient enteral nutrition did not affect vitamin K-dependent coagulation. This may argue against the need to regularly monitor the PT in patients receiving long-term enteral nutrition
Post-Laramide Tectonic History of the Eastern Uinta Mountains, Utah, Colorado, And Wyoming
Authors: Hansen Wallace R.
Published: April 2022

Recent restudy of the Bishop Conglomerate, the subjacent Gilbert Peak erosion surface, and the Browns Park Formation helps clarify the post-Laramide history of the eastern Uinta Mountains, Utah, Colorado, and Wyoming. The Uinta Mountains are formed from a large, east-trending compound anticline that consists of two elongate domes aligned on a single east-west axis. The east dome, which rose higher than the west dome but is now lower and more deeply dissected, began to tilt and subside in late Oligocene time after Laramide compression had given way to middle Tertiary ex­ tension. The geometry of deformation is expressed in the attitude of the deformed Gilbert Peak erosion surface. Much of the deformation preceded deposition of the Browns Park Formation, but deformation was still in progress during and after deposition. The whole east dome was tilted eastward, lowering the Bishop Conglomerate below present drainage in a sag between the east end of the range and the town of Maybell, Colorado - an area that then became the locus of deposition for the Browns Park Formation. In addition, the north flank of the eastern Uinta Mountains was lowered and tilted southward and the south flank was tilted northward by a rotational movement that lowered the crest of the range about 1,570 m. Deformation drastically altered the drainage regime, reversing some streams and giving rise to others. Post-Browns Park movements continued locally into the Quaternary, generally coinciding with earlier-formed structures.
Haybarn Field, Fremont County, Wyoming: An Upper Fort Union (Paleocene) Stratigraphic Trap
Authors: Robertson Richard D.
Published: April 2022

Haybarn field was discovered in the fall of 1981 and produces stratigraphically trapped 43.7° API gravity oil from shallow reservoir sandstones in the upper member of the Fort Union Formation. The sandstones were deposited in a marginal lacustrine delta front setting in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming. The interfingering lacustrine Waltman Shale has provided the trapping mechanism for the field. The Waltman Shale also appears to be the petroleum source; this primary source, however, was probably deposited in deeper portions of the basin north of the field rather than immediately adjacent to the reservoir. The reservoir sandstones are arkosic and have excellent porosity averaging about 20%. Clays in the reservoir appear to be entirely secondary suggesting that the sandstones were deposited in a high energy, wave-dominated depositional system. Electrical log evaluation of the Upper Fort Union reservoirs is complicated by variations in formation water resistivities between and within the sandstone tongues. The uppermost section of the Upper Fort Union member tends to be fresh water-bearing, while the producing zones in the lower portion of the member have much lower, more saline Rw's.
The Mount Watson Formation, an Interpreted Braided-Fluvial Deposit in the Uinta Mountain Group (Upper Precambrian), Utah
Authors: Sanderson Ivan D.
Published: April 2022

The Mount Watson Formation, a member of the upper Precambrian Uinta Mountain Group, is here proposed as a formal lithostratigraphic unit. It consists of predominantly very light gray or almost white interbedded quartz arenite and subarkose with minor pale red or grayish-red arkosic arenite and grayish-green shale. This name was initially proposed by Wallace (1972) but not established formally. Type area and type section are at Mount Watson, Utah, a major peak in the western part of the Uinta Range. The depositional environment is interpreted as braided-fluvial based on several characteristics. Evidence for a braided-fluvial environment includes: (1) the paucity of fine-grained elastic material either as matrix or as mudrocks, (2) range of sand grain size from very line to very coarse with frequently-associated granules and pebbles, (3) predominance of omicron (planar) and pi (trough) cross-stratification in sets ranging from 4 in (10 cm) to 16.5 ft (5 m) thick, (4) presence of desiccation cracks and terraced ripples indicating subaerial exposure, (5) unimodal character of paleocurrent indicators within cosets of strata, and (6) recognition of a vertical facies sequence that closely matches the Platts Type depositional model of Maill (1977, 1978, 1982) for braided-stream deposits. A major river flowed westward through the Precambrian basin of the Uinta Mountain Group and deposited multicyclic quartzose sediment derived from the craton to produce arenite. Tributary streams carrying feldspathic sediment entered the basin from the north. This sediment was deposited and lithified to arkosic arenite or was intermixed with multicyclic quartzose sand in the trunk stream to produce subarkose. This paleoenvironmental interpretation contrasts fundamentally with that of Wallace (1972), who completed his interpretation before workable process-response facies models were developed for the braided-stream environment.