bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rete mirabile of the ICA: Report of three cases
Authors: Verma Abha , Pendharkar Hima , Prasad Chandrajit
Published: May 2018

Carotid rete mirabile is an arterial meshwork, occurring at the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). Rete mirabile in humans is not present during normal development of the intracranial circulation and hence is considered as a collateral pathway that develops as a consequence of segmental agenesis of the ICA. We report three cases of this rare entity encountered at our institute.
Retrieval of a migrated N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate cast using a snare-kit system during dural AVF embolization: A case report
Authors: Ahmed Ramy , Ide Satomi , Kiyosue Hiro , Tanoue Shuichi , Matsumoto Shunro , Mori Hiromu
Published: May 2018

N-butyl-2 cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is a liquid embolic material that is widely used in various endovascular procedures because of its permanent and rapid vascular occluding effect regardless of the coagulation profile of the patient. However, NBCA migration to unintended vessels may result in serious complications. This report describes the retrieval of a migrated NBCA cast from the transverse-sigmoid sinus during dural arteriovenous fistula embolization using a transvenous snaring technique.
Influence of carbon nanotube on the tribological properties of vegetable-based oil
Authors: Su Yu , Tang Zhengcheng , Wang Guicheng , Wan Rongrong
Published: May 2018

A pin-on-disk friction and wear tester was used to investigate the tribological properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different sizes and volume fractions as LB2000 vegetable-based oil additive. The wear scar of disk was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the lubrication mechanism of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as vegetable-based oil additive was also discussed. It was found that thin and short multi-walled carbon nanotubes could improve the friction-reducing and anti-wear properties of vegetable-based oil more effectively than thick and long multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The optimal volume fraction of thin and short multi-walled carbon nanotubes was found to be 0.05%.
Toward navigation ability for autonomous mobile robots with learning from demonstration paradigm
Authors: Zhang Xinzheng , Zhang Jianfen , Zhong Junpei
Published: May 2018

Learning from demonstration, as an important component of imitation learning, is a paradigm for robot to learn new tasks. Considering the application of learning from demonstration in the navigation issue, the robot can also acquire the navigation task via the human teacher’s demonstration. Based on research of the human brain neocortex, in this article, we present a learning from demonstration navigation paradigm from the perspective of hierarchical temporal memory theory. As a type of end-to-end learning form, the demonstrated relationship between perception data and motion commands will be learned and predicted by using hierarchical temporal memory. This framework first perceives images to obtain the corresponding categories information; then the categories incorporated with depth and motion command data are encoded as a sequence of sparse distributed representation vectors. The sequential vectors are treated as the inputs to train the navigation hierarchical temporal memory. After the training, the navigation hierarchical temporal memory stores the transitions of the perceived images, depth, and motion data so that future motion commands can be predicted. The performance of the proposed navigation strategy is evaluated via the real experiments and the public data sets.
A new transformational leadership: A Meadian framework for a new way forward
Authors: Jones Travis L
Published: May 2018

The most prominent theory in leadership studies is transformational leadership. Ironically, however, scholars who subscribe to transformational leadership have left the concept of transformation itself, unexamined and lying dormant in the background. In response to this neglect, I propose a Meadian framework of leadership that is centered on the nature of transformation in both leaders and leadership trans-actions. I present a framework that is Mead ian, and not exclusively from Mead, by integrating contemporary scholarship from a range of disciplines that corroborate and complement Mead’s work and provides transformational leadership scholars a new way forward. I use Mead’s I/Me distinction to answer who transformational leaders are in their embodied social selves and Mead’s role-taking notion in the social act to answer what transformational leaders do in relation with followers. In doing so, I provide leadership scholars a “third way” between dichotomous conceptions of singularly influential leaders on the one hand and leaderless leadership processes on the other.
Anticipatory judgements associated with vision of an opponent’s end-effector: An approach by motion perturbation and spatial occlusion
Authors: Ida Hirofumi , Fukuhara Kazunobu , Ishii Motonobu , Inoue Tetsuri
Published: May 2018

This study was aimed at determining how the visual information of an end-effector (racket) and the intermediate extremity (arm) of a tennis server contribute to the receiver’s anticipatory judgement of ball direction. In all, 15 experienced tennis players and 15 novice counterparts viewed a spatially occluded computer graphics animation of a tennis serve (no-occlusion, racket-occlusion, and body-occlusion) and made anticipatory judgements of ball direction on a visual analogue scale (VAS). The patterns of the serve motions were generated by a simulation technique that computationally perturbs the rotation speed of the selected racket-arm joint (forearm pronation and elbow extension) on a captured serve motion. The results suggested that the anticipatory judgements were monotonically attuned with the perturbation rate of the forearm pronation speed excepting under the conditions of the racket-occlusion model. Although such attunements were not observed in the elbow perturbation conditions, the results of correlation analysis indicated that the residual information in the spatially occluded models had a similar effect to the no-occlusion model within the individual experienced participants. The findings support the notion that end-effector (racket) provides deterministic cues for anticipation, as well as imply that players are able to benefit from the relative motion of an intermediate extremity (elbow extension).
Alirocumab as add-on therapy to statins: current evidence and clinical potential
Authors: Auer Johann , Berent Robert
Published: May 2018

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) are associated with a substantial mortality, physical morbidity, and mental disability. Elevated plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels play a major role in the pathophysiology of ASCVDs. Statins have been shown to reduce ASCVD risk and associated events and are recommended as first-line therapy for treatment of hypercholesterolemia by current international guidelines. The key issue is to attain guideline-recommended LDL-C levels (below 70 mg/dl) for patients at very high cardiovascular risk. However, many high-risk and very-high-risk patients on statin therapy remain beyond treatment goals despite lifestyle modification and statins, and are exposed to a high risk of future cardiovascular events including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, revascularization procedures, and death. This clearly emphasizes the urgent need for additional LDL-C reduction with new therapeutic strategies to target these highly atherogenic particles and to further reduce the burden of ASCVDs. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a major role as a key regulator of the hepatic LDL receptor recycling process. Developments over the past 15 years have demonstrated PCSK9 inhibition to be a novel therapeutic strategy to manage increased LDL-C levels. A number of clinical studies using humanized monoclonal antibody technology against PCSK9 have shown profound reductions of LDL-C levels when used either alone or in combination with statin therapy. Recently, the first cardiovascular outcome study demonstrated a significant reduction of ASCV events when evolocumab was added to a statin therapy. This review will discuss current knowledge about antibody-mediated PCSK9 inhibition as add-on therapy to statin and the clinical potential that may be expected.
When it’s not deep endometriosis—bowel dysmotility in a patient with endometriosis: A case report and review
Authors: Cooke Carly M , Moloo Husein , Suen Michael WH , Singh Sukhbir Sony
Published: May 2018

Background:

Patients who present to a gynecologist often describe concurrent bowel symptoms, which may or may not be related to their gynecologic diagnosis. Despite the common association of these symptoms with gynecologic diseases, such as deep endometriosis, these symptoms may also be caused by non-gynecologic conditions, including primary chronic constipation.

Objective:

To outline the principle of diagnostic bias and educate gynecologists on the topic of primary chronic constipation.

Methods/results:

We present the case of a 38-year-old woman with chronic pelvic pain and constipation. She was diagnosed with primary chronic constipation in the setting of deep endometriosis affecting the bowel, and managed surgically, leading to great improvement in her quality of life.

Conclusion:

Gynecologists should consider alternative non-gynecologic conditions when formulating their differential diagnosis of patients presenting with bowel symptoms.
European Stroke Organisation certification of stroke units and stroke centres
Authors: Waje-Andreassen Ulrike , Nabavi Darius G , Engelter Stefan T , Dippel Diederik WJ , Jenkinson Damian , Skoda Ondrej , Zini Andrea , Orken Dilek N , Staikov Ivan , Lyrer Philippe
Published: May 2018

To improve quality and to overcome the wide discrepancies in stroke care both within- and between European countries, the European Stroke Organisation Executive Committee initiated in 2007 activities to establish certification processes for stroke units and stroke centres. The rapidly expanding evidence base in stroke care provided the mandate for the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit-Committee to develop certification procedures for stroke units and stroke centres with the goals of setting standards for stroke treatment in Europe, improving quality and minimising variation. The purpose of this article is to present the certification criteria and the auditing process for stroke units and stroke centres that aim to standardise and harmonise care for stroke patients, and hence become members of the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit and Stroke Centre network. Standardised application forms and guidelines for national and international auditors have been developed and updated by members of the European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit-Committee. Key features are availability of trained personnel, diagnostic equipment, acute treatment and collaboration with other stroke-caregivers. After submission, the application is reviewed by one national and two international auditors. Based on their reports, the Stroke Unit-Committee will make a final decision. Validating on-site visits for a subset of stroke units and stroke centres are planned. We herein describe a novel, European Stroke Organisation-based online certification process of stroke units and stroke centres. This is a major step forward towards high-quality stroke care across Europe. The additional value by connecting high-quality European Stroke Organisation Stroke Unit and Stroke Centre is facilitation of future collaboration and research activities, enabling building and maintenance of a high-quality stroke care network in Europe.
Finite element computation of transient dissipative double diffusive magneto-convective nanofluid flow from a rotating vertical porous surface in porous media
Authors: Thumma Thirupathi , Beg O Anwar , Sheri Siva Reddy
Published: May 2018

This article aimed to investigate the transient dissipative magnetohydrodynamic double diffusive free convective boundary layer flow of electrically conducting nanofluids from a stationary or moving vertical porous surface in a rotating high permeability porous medium, considering buoyancy, thermal radiation and first-order chemical reaction. Thermo-diffusion (Soret) and diffuso-thermo (Dufour) effects are also considered. Darcy’s law is employed. The mathematical model is formulated by considering water-based nanofluids containing metallic nano-particles for both stationary and moving plate cases. Three nanofluids are examined, namely copper, aluminium oxide or titanium oxide in water. The transformed non-linear, coupled, dimensionless partial differential equations describing the flow are solved with physically appropriate boundary conditions using Galerkin weighted residual scheme. For prescribed permeability, numerical results are presented graphically for the influence of a number of emerging parameters. Validation of finite element solutions for skin friction and Nusselt number is achieved via comparison with the previously published work as special cases of the present investigation and very good correlation obtained. Increasing rotational parameter is observed to reduce both primary and secondary velocity components. Primary and secondary velocities are consistently elevated with increasing Soret, Dufour, thermal Grashof and solutal Grashof numbers. Increasing Schmidt number, chemical reaction and suction parameter both suppress nano-particle concentration whereas the converse behavior is computed with increasing Soret number. The study is relevant to high-temperature rotating chemical engineering systems exploiting magnetized nanofluids and also electromagnetic nanomaterial manufacturing processes.
Screening for tuberculosis in migrants and visitors from high-incidence settings: present and future perspectives
Authors: Dobler Claudia C. , Fox Greg J. , Douglas Paul , Viney Kerri A. , Ahmad Khan Faiz , Temesgen Zelalem , Marais Ben J.
Published: May 2018

In most settings with a low incidence of tuberculosis (TB), foreign-born people make up the majority of TB cases, but the distribution of the TB risk among different migrant populations is often poorly quantified. In addition, screening practices for TB disease and latent TB infection (LTBI) vary widely. Addressing the risk of TB in international migrants is an essential component of TB prevention and care efforts in low-incidence countries, and strategies to systematically screen for, diagnose, treat and prevent TB among this group contribute to national and global TB elimination goals.

This review provides an overview and critical assessment of TB screening practices that are focused on migrants and visitors from high to low TB incidence countries, including pre-migration screening and post-migration follow-up of those deemed to be at an increased risk of developing TB. We focus mainly on migrants who enter the destination countryviaapplication for a long-stay visa, as well as asylum seekers and refugees, but briefly consider issues related to short-term visitors and those with long-duration multiple-entry visas. Issues related to the screening of children and screening for LTBI are also explored.
The construction and validation of the Severe Asthma Questionnaire
Authors: Hyland Michael E. , Jones Rupert C. , Lanario Joseph W. , Masoli Matthew
Published: May 2018

The US Food and Drug Administration's procedure for scale validation requires a documented stepwise process of qualitative and quantitative data. The aim of this paper is to provide final quantitative validating data for the Severe Asthma Questionnaire (SAQ).

The SAQ, Asthma Control Test, Mini Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire and EQ-5D-5L were completed by 160 patients attending a severe asthma clinic; 51 patients completed the SAQ on two occasions for test–retest reliability analysis. The SAQ produces two scores, a SAQ score based on the average of 16 items and a SAQ-global score from a single 100-point global quality of life scale.

Construct validity was demonstrated by factor analysis of the 16 items, convergent validity by correlations of >0.6 between the SAQ, SAQ-global and other questionnaires, and discriminant validity by the ability of the SAQ and SAQ-global to distinguish between different treatment levels. Test–retest reliability (intra-class correlation) was 0.93 for the SAQ and 0.93 for the SAQ-global, and the alpha coefficient for the SAQ was 0.93.

The SAQ was developed using recommended qualitative and quantitative procedures for scale development, and can be used to gain insight into patients’ perceptions of how severe asthma and its treatment affects their lives.
Survey of ultrasound practice amongst podiatrists in the UK
Authors: Siddle Heidi J. , Patience Aimie , Coughtrey James , Mooney Jean , Fox Martin , Cherry Lindsey
Published: May 2018

Background

Ultrasound in podiatry practice encompasses musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging, vascular hand‐held Doppler ultrasound and therapeutic ultrasound. Sonography practice is not regulated by the Health and Care Professions Council (HCPC), with no requirement to hold a formal qualification. The College of Podiatry does not currently define ultrasound training and competencies.

This study aimed to determine the current use of ultrasound, training received and mentorship received and/or provided by podiatrists using ultrasound.

Methods

A quantitative study utilising a cross‐sectional, on‐line, single‐event survey was undertaken within the UK.

Results

Completed surveys were received from 284 podiatrists; 173 (70%) use ultrasound as part of their general practice, 139 (49%) for musculoskeletal problems, 131 (46%) for vascular assessment and 39 (14%) to support their surgical practice. Almost a quarter (n = 62) worked for more than one organisation; 202 (71%) were employed by the NHS and/or private sector (n = 118, 41%).

Nearly all (93%) respondents report using a hand‐held vascular Doppler in their daily practice; 216 (82%) to support decisions regarding treatment options, 102 (39%) to provide diagnostic reports for other health professionals, and 34 (13%) to guide nerve blocks.

Ultrasound imaging was used by 104 (37%) respondents primarily to aid clinical decision making (n = 81) and guide interventions (steroid injections n = 67; nerve blocks n = 39). Ninety‐three percent stated they use ultrasound imaging to treat their own patients, while others scan at the request of other podiatrists (n = 28) or health professionals (n = 18). Few use ultrasound imaging for research (n = 7) or education (n = 2).

Only 32 (11%) respondents (n = 20 private sector) use therapeutic ultrasound to treat patients presenting with musculoskeletal complaints, namely tendon pathologies.

Few respondents (18%) had completed formal post‐graduate CASE (Consortium for the Accreditation of Sonographic Education) accredited ultrasound courses.

Forty (14%) respondents receive ultrasound mentorship; the majority from fellow podiatrists (n = 17) or medical colleagues (n = 15). Over half (n = 127) who do not have ultrasound mentorship indicated they would like a mentor predominantly for ultrasound imaging. Fifty‐five (19%) report they currently provide ultrasound mentorship for others.

Conclusions

Understanding the scope of ultrasound practice, the training undertaken and the requirements for mentorship will underpin the development of competencies and recommendations defined by the College of Podiatry to support professional development and ensure safe practice.
Immediate effects of rest periods on balance control in patients after stroke. A randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Elsner Bernhard , Schweder Simon , Mehrholz Jan
Published: May 2018

Objectives

This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effects of two different rest periods between as set of balance exercises after stroke during inpatient rehabilitation.

Results

Twenty patients after stroke [11 males; mean (SD) age 65.4 (11.5) years; duration of illness 5.3 (3.4) weeks; 16 (80%) left-sided strokes] were randomly allocated into two groups of either a full rest (FR) of 4 min (n = 10) or a short rest (SR) of 1 min between exercise sets (n = 10). Patients improved from baseline until immediately after exercises in one-leg standing time on the affected leg [SR: mean difference 5.1 s (SD 10.3) and FR: 2.0 s (2.4)] and tandem standing time (TST). [SR: 14.9 s (SD 24.6) and FR: 5.7 s (12.0)], but OLST and TST did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.35 and p = 0.52, respectively).

Trial registration The study was registered retrospectively in the German Register of Clinical Trials with the ID: DRKS00013979
Selling Smiles: Emotional Labor and Labor-Management Relations in 1930s Colonial Korean Department Stores
Authors: Oh Jinseok , Kahm Howard
Published: May 2018

Department stores were the most luxurious retail institutions in colonial Korea in terms of their architecture, interior design, and product offerings. While Korean department stores closely resembled their Western and Japanese counterparts in form and function, the Korean department stores were unique for their position in developing retail practices and policies within a colonial context. Specifically, department stores hired young female workers to provide emotional labor to both customers and managers, which illustrated the transition from precapitalist to capitalist modes of emotional labor. Furthermore, the creation of a corporate culture and employee training programs that demanded a specific type of emotional labor resulted in various reactions from the employees, including complaints, criminal acts and violence, and the rise of class and political consciousness. Consequently, the evolution of labor-management relations in 1930s Korean department stores offers a gendered perspective on the economic and cultural aspects of Japanese control over life on the Korean peninsula, particularly through the bottom-up view of female department store workers.
Can honey bees discriminate between floral-fragrance isomers?
Authors: Aguiar João Marcelo Robazzi Bignelli Valente , Roselino Ana Carolina , Sazima Marlies , Giurfa Martin
Published: May 2018

Many flowering plants present variable complex fragrances, which usually include different isomers of the same molecule. As fragrance is an essential cue for flower recognition by pollinators, we ask if honey bees discriminate between floral-fragrance isomers in an appetitive context. We used the olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER), which allows training a restrained bee to an odor paired with sucrose solution. Bees were trained under an absolute (a single odorant rewarded) or a differential conditioning regime (a rewarded vs. a non-rewarded odorant) using four different pairs of isomers. One hour after training, discrimination and generalization between pairs of isomers were tested. Bees trained under absolute conditioning exhibited high generalization between isomers and discriminated only one out of four isomer pairs; after differential conditioning, they learned to differentiate between two out of four pairs of isomers but in all cases generalization responses to the non-rewarding isomer remained high. Adding an aversive taste to the non-rewarded isomer facilitated discrimination of isomers that otherwise seemed non-discriminable, but generalization remained high. Although honey bees discriminated isomers under certain conditions, they achieved the task with difficulty and tended to generalize between them, thus showing that these molecules were perceptually similar to them. We conclude that the presence of isomers within floral fragrances might not necessarily contribute to a dramatic extent to floral odor diversity.
Playful Interactions between Twins with Autism and Teachers and Peers: a Case Study
Authors: Kypriotaki Μaria Antonios , Markodimitraki Maria Eleftherios
Published: May 2018

The purpose of the present analytically structured empirical case study was to explore the interactions which twins display during playing with their teachers and peers in a Special Nursery Unit. Two 5.5-year-old twin brothers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)  participated in this study, along with two teachers and seven non-typically developing peers. Non participant observations were made for four full-time school days in four consecutive weeks. We observed the frequency, initiations, and duration of playful interactions in a naturalistic context. Results derived from the analysis of video-recordings and documents from the school service records indicate that twin brothers with autism take initiative in order to become interactive partners in their dyadic play with their non-typically developing peers although, when so, interactions do not last longer. In twins’ dyadic interactions with their teachers, they never take the initiative to any playful interaction. There are also indications that twin brothers are engaged in interactive rather than solitary play. Findings provide a starting point for a new approach of the twin situation and the extraordinary etiological heterogeneity of ASD in terms of Innate Intersubjectivity Theory.
Primary students’ conceptions of the Earth: Re-examining a fundamental research hypothesis on mental models
Authors: Vaiopoulou Julie , Papageorgiou George
Published: May 2018

Research on pupils’ conceptions of the earth has proposed certain mental models within the theoretical perspective known as coherent or theory-like knowledge. Alternatively, the fragmented knowledge hypothesis refutes the existence of such models and proposes a different perspective. Although the relevant discussion has not been converged in to a definite answer, recently, the debate between the two theories has been brought up into consideration by the advances in methodology and statistical analysis. In this paper pupils’ conceptions of the earth were analyzed by latent class analyses. Children’s ideas (N=184, grades 1st to 3rd), were investigated using a closed-ended questionnaire, which includes illustrations corresponding to certain mental models. The results showed that pupils’ conceptions of the earth are not characterized by consistency and thus they do not support the existence of coherent mental models. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Recent advances in understanding and managing infectious diseases in solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Aguilar Claire , Husain Shahid , Lortholary Olivier
Published: May 2018

Background:Undergoing solid organ transplantation (SOT) exposes the recipient to various infectious risks, including possible transmission of pathogen by the transplanted organ, post-surgical infections, reactivation of latent pathogens, or novel infections.

Recent advances:In the last few years, the emergence of Zika virus has raised concerns in the transplant community. Few cases have been described in SOT patients, and these were associated mainly with moderate disease and favorable outcome; the notable exception is a recent case of fatal meningo-encephalopathy in a heart transplant recipient. Because of the advances in treating hepatitis C, several teams recently started to use organs from hepatitis C-positive donors. The worldwide increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens, as well as the increasing incidence ofClostridioidesdifficileinfection, is of particular concern in SOT patients. In the field of mycology, the main recent therapeutic advance is the availability of isavuconazole for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. This drug has the advantage of minimal interaction with calcineurin inhibitors. Regarding the viral reactivations occurring after transplant, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is still a significant issue in SOT patients. The management of resistant CMV remains particularly difficult. The approval of letermovir, albeit in bone marrow transplantation, and the therapeutic trial of maribavir bring a ray of hope. Another advancement in management of post-transplant infections is the development ofin vitrotests evaluating pathogen-specific immune response, such as immunodiagnostics for CMV and, more recently, tests for monitoring immunity against BK virus.

Conclusion:The increasing number of organ transplantations, the use of newer immunosuppressive drugs, and high-risk donors continue to define the landscape of transplant infectious diseases in the current era.
autoHGPEC: Automated prediction of novel disease-gene and disease-disease associations and evidence collection based on a random walk on heterogeneous network
Authors: Le Duc-Hau , Tran Trang T.H.
Published: May 2018

Identification of novel disease-gene and disease-disease associations is an important task in biomedical research. Recently, we have developed a Cytoscape app, namely HGPEC, using a state-of-the-art network-based method for such task. This paper describes an upgrading version of HGPEC, namely autoHGPEC, with added automation features. By adding these functions, autoHGPEC can be used as a component of other complex analysis pipelines as well as make use of other data resources. We demonstrated the use of autoHGPEC by predicting novel breast cancer-associated genes and diseases. Further investigation by visualizing and collecting evidences for associations between top 20 ranked genes/diseases and breast cancer has shown the ability of autoHGPEC.
The evidence of early specialist palliative care on patient and caregiver outcomes
Authors: Chidiac Claude
Published: May 2018

Although there are many differences regarding what palliative care is and to whom it should be delivered, its delivery and integration earlier in the disease trajectory have been advocated since 1990. More recently, there has been a heightened interest in early access to specialist palliative care through its provision earlier in the disease trajectory to improve patient and caregiver outcomes. This article explores the challenges in understanding and defining ‘early’ specialist palliative care. It also examines the available evidence on early specialist palliative care interventions and their association with patient and caregiver outcomes. Finally, recommendations for future direction of research and practice are discussed.
Use of a depression and sleep impairment treatment guideline to improve quality of life for patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Simo Sheran M , Siela Debra
Published: May 2018

Background:

Pain in sickle cell disease (SCD) is often joined by other affective disorders such as depression and/or sleep impairment that can impact pain levels and quality of life (QoL).

Aim:

To develop a guideline to improve the process of assessment and treatment of depression and sleep impairment in patients admitted with SCD.

Method:

An interdisciplinary team used the Stetler model to create the Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Depression and Sleep Impairment in Sickle Cell Disease. Patients were assessed, offered treatments and reassessed during the project period.

Results:

Both depression and QoL scores showed significant improvement by the end of the project. Significant correlations were found between pain, depression and sleep; depression, pain, sleep and QoL; sleep, pain and depression; and QoL and depression.

Conclusions:

Interdisciplinary teams are effective in creating a guideline to assess and treat depression and sleep impairment and their effects on pain and QoL in patients with SCD.
Introduction
Authors: Dailey Anne C.
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter describes the enduring ways in which law fails to account for the complexity and richness of our unconscious lives. Law relies on a presumption of rationality, that is, the idea that individuals are freely choosing subjects who make conscious decisions that reflect their beliefs and desires. Yet this presumption of rationality fails to explain the many puzzles that arise in law: Why do people commit crimes with a high likelihood of being caught? Why do they violate their own moral code, or remain willfully blind to unwanted facts right in front of their eyes? Why do they repeatedly and inexplicably act in self-undermining ways? As shown here, the resulting gap between the law’s false portrait of the human mind and the lived reality of subjective experience often leads to ineffective, unrealistic, and unjust legal rules and outcomes. With its compelling, clinically grounded account of the workings of unconscious life, psychoanalysis has a major contribution to make to law, beginning with the areas of family law and criminal law. This introduction explains that, despite Freud’s tarnished reputation today, contemporary psychoanalysis offers the opportunity to reform legal doctrine and theory in ways that foster a more humane, psychologically informed and fundamentally just system of laws.
Guilty Minds
Authors: Dailey Anne C.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the puzzling question of why an otherwise rational person would voluntarily confess to a crime, knowing full well that the state will punish in return. Even more puzzling is the phenomenon of false confessions, where an individual inexplicably confesses to a crime she did not commit, in some cases believing in her own guilt. Psychoanalysis gives us important insights into these irrational phenomena. The focus in this chapter is on the ways in which certain deceptive and degrading police interrogation tactics may override a suspect’s conscious rational decision-making powers by enlisting unconscious needs, aggressions, and guilt. Three interrogation tactics are of greatest concern: false sympathy, degradation, and trickery. As this chapter shows, false sympathy and degradation exploit deep-seated, unconscious desires for absolution and punishment that undermine the voluntariness of a suspect’s self-incriminating statements. Similarly, police trickery can take unfair advantage of a suspect’s need to rationalize unconscious guilt for a crime he did not commit. By drawing attention to the risks associated with these methods, psychoanalysis ensures that the most egregious practices can be eliminated from our criminal justice system. Psychoanalytic insights into unconscious processes advances the law’s own best ideals of fundamental fairness in the criminal law.
Children’s Rights
Authors: Dailey Anne C.
Published: May 2018

This chapter describes how psychoanalysis has a vital contribution to make to the field of children’s constitutional rights. In general, children do not enjoy the same autonomy rights as adults, a state of affairs reinforced by robust protection for parents’ constitutional rights to raise their children as they see fit. Moreover, the Supreme Court has rejected the idea that children have affirmative rights to care and safety based on their special status as children. A psychoanalytic perspective alters the current framework for children’s rights by recognizing children’s affirmative claims to caregiving, to relationships with siblings, to physical and emotional safety, and to rehabilitation in the juvenile justice system. This chapter refers to these rights as “transitional rights,” that is, rights that recognize children’s experience as persons in the here and now as well as their experience as individuals developing along a trajectory toward adult citizenship. Transitional rights include those positive entitlements—to maintain relationships with adults and other children, to safety in the home and school, and to rehabilitation in the criminal justice system—tied to children’s special status as children. In this way, psychoanalysis opens up a more relational, constitutive, affirmative role for rights in constitutional law.
Liberalism as Anticulture
Authors: Deneen Patrick J.
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the ways in which liberalism replaces actual culture with an encompassing anticulture. The dual expansion of the state and personal autonomy is largely contingent upon the weakening and eventual loss of particular cultures, and their replacement by a pervasive and encompassing anticulture, rather than by a single liberal culture. The chapter considers three pillars of human experience that form the basis of culture and on which liberal anticulture rests: the wholesale conquest of nature; a new experience of time as a pastless present in which the future is a foreign land; and an order that renders place fungible and bereft of definitional meaning. It suggests that liberalism's success is premised upon the uprooting and replacement of these three pillars with facsimiles that bear the same names.
Using case studies in religion, values and welfare research
Authors: Angell Olav Helge , Molokotos-Liederman Lina
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the model of research characterised as a mixed-methods approach deploying interviews, observation, surveys and document analysis, but with an emphasis on qualitative interviews. The case study method involves studying a case as a whole, explaining the phenomena under study not only through internal structures, interactions, and processes, but also through the impact of external factors and contexts. This is particularly useful in the study of religion and values in the context of welfare needs and the provision of welfare benefits. It is at this fundamental level that different forms of diversity, religion, cultures and values may be studied. In this respect, despite its shortcomings, the case study research strategy is well suited for studying such interconnected and complex social phenomena. The chapter then evaluates the implications of this type of work for policy debates and for a variety of end users.
Religion, welfare and gender: the post-communist experience
Authors: Zrinščak Siniša
Published: May 2018

This chapter looks at the complex situation in post-communist Europe, where the transition from a command economy to a neoliberal system has created new forms of exclusion, with rudimentary or conservative welfare regimes that have great difficulty in providing social coverage for every citizen. Post-communist countries have different degrees of familism and different degrees of civil society activism. Both Croatia and Poland—with their dominant Catholic churches and welfare charities—are somewhat similar to Italy, while Romania—with its dominant Orthodox Church—shares some similarities with Greece, but with a weaker social and religious organisation. In Latvia, there are Lutheran, Catholic and Orthodox churches that are related to different ethnic and language groups. In all post-communist cases, religious minorities are more or less welcomed, but their welfare activities are mostly directed towards their own members. This is exemplified by the neo-Protestant minorities in Poland and Romania that have developed extensive social assistance networks.
Understanding religious minority communities as civil society actors
Authors: Leis-Peters Annette
Published: May 2018

This chapter argues that research in the field of religious minorities needs to move away from the perspective of the majority society in favour of a civil society approach in which the interests of the religious minorities are built into the research design. The younger generation is under pressure not only to assimilate the values of the majority culture when it comes to professional development, but also to maintain the family's traditional—that is, religious—values. Integrating the perspectives of the religious minority communities into the research design itself permits markedly more nuanced findings, offering a more in-depth and accurate picture of the new ecology of religion.
Striving to live the good life: the tension between self-fulfilment and family obligations for women in northern England
Authors: Mon Martha Middlemiss Lé
Published: May 2018

This chapter shows that migrant women in Darlington, England, who strive both for self-fulfilment and to maintain family responsibilities, face a values clash. This clash, however, is not specific to women from religious minorities, but is inherent in more general tensions between individual freedoms and family responsibilities. In practice, this very often means that the same individual holds contradictory values simultaneously. This mirrors the findings of the German study in the previous chapter. In both cases, therefore, the women from minority communities are reflecting a broader value conflict typical of late modernity in which the content and meaning of a good life is constantly renegotiated.
The moral and gendered crisis of the Italian welfare system seen through the prism of migrant women’s reproductive health
Authors: Frisina Annalisa
Published: May 2018

This chapter focuses on reproductive health among migrant women in Italy. The welfare crisis in Italy and southern Europe has not only had negative effects on women, but is also a sign of the siege mentality of the European social model. Populist political movements are using religion, especially Islam and Muslim women, as a scapegoat to avoid dealing with the underlying issues of social and economic solidarity in Europe and indeed beyond. Despite the fact that this study is based on reproductive health among Muslim women, it reveals broader tensions: between conservative and progressive Catholics in Italy, and between religious and secular values in the gendered and moral crisis of the Italian welfare system. The chapter also illustrates a novel form of research dissemination—that is, the production of a video in order to raise awareness of the social rights of migrant women.
Healthcare in Transition
Authors: Cribb Alan
Published: May 2018

A call for change in healthcare thinking, this book explores the fundamental currents and tensions behind recent trends in policy, such as shared decision making, coproduction, and personalization. While these trends are often discussed in connection with a transition in epidemiological thought, this book argues that they instead embody a philosophical shift—a change in our conception of healthcare and of appropriate forms of knowledge and analysis. As clinical concerns are increasingly nested within social concerns, policy analysis must engage with the multiple philosophical tensions that are now at the heart of the healthcare debate. The book's focus on these key, underlying ideas could not be more timely. Accessibly written and with international relevance, the book will help fuel a shift from a delivery model of healthcare to a deliberative one.
Building blocks
Authors: Cribb Alan
Published: May 2018

This introductory chapter presents the notion of a philosophical transition as part of a discussion about ideas being the building blocks of health policy. Using the examples of ‘cure’ and ‘care’, it illustrates the ways in which ideas are embedded in healthcare settings and practices and begins to indicate the many broader questions that surround the relationships between medicine and persons. In brief, to talk of ‘curing’ is generally to have in mind some more or less direct physical or biological intervention into the body to counteract the effects of disease; whereas ‘caring’, by contrast, is a more diffuse idea that can embrace ‘cure-type’ responses but extends much more widely to, and emphasises, such things as physical and emotional comfort, and psychological support and responsiveness.
Taking less medicine
Authors: Cribb Alan
Published: May 2018

This chapter examines the premise that health policy is ‘out of kilter’ and needs reform. It suggests that much of the debate about reform can be seen, in crude terms, as a debate between ‘more medicine’ and ‘less medicine’ or, more precisely, between continuing processes of medicalisation and forces of ‘de-medicalisation’, where the latter refers to the erosion of—or a diminished role for—a narrow focus on bodies rather than on persons. Framing health services around a biomedical model produces problems but it also has some serious advantages. Meanwhile, a healthcare system that is responsive to persons—in their individual complexity, social constitution and relatedness—is one that has to think and act much more expansively.
On social policy studies
Authors: Offer John
Published: May 2018

Pinker’s best known book is Social Theory and Social Policy, published in 1971. Its primary task was to review the problematic assumptions and methods in the study of social policy which Pinker found in the new academic subject of what was then called ‘social administration’. Later, in 2000, Pinker gave a lecture offering a bird’s-eye view of some of the formative influences he experienced as a Research Officer and student from the mid-1950s at the London School of Economics, which gave him his abiding interest in the broad field of social policy studies....
The ends and means of social policy: a personal and generational perspective
Authors: Pinker Robert
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, Robert Pinker considers the ways in which different generations of students perceive the history of social policy as well as the different vantage points in time from which each of us look back on our own lives. Pinker first discusses some of the scholars who had influenced his approach to the study of social policy from the 1950s onwards, including Richard Titmuss, T.H. Marshall, Brian Abel-Smith, and O.R. McGregor. He then describes the academic context in which he started his career and wrote Social Theory and Social Policy and explains his interest in developing theories and models of social welfare for purposes of historical and comparative research. Pinker also talks about the variety of topics he explored in his research, such as the moral dynamics of welfare institutions.
Social theory and social policy: a challenging relationship
Authors: Pinker Robert
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, Robert Pinker discusses the complex relationship between social theory and social policy in democratic societies, focusing on the work of the philosophers Hilary Putnam and Karl Popper. Pinker first considers the distinction between scientific theory, normative theory and ideology and whether it is possible — or desirable — to design and implement rational social policies in the fractious world of democratic party politics. He then examines the interrelationships between policy making, policy research and public opinion and goes on to describe behavioural and structural models of poverty, as well as how poverty relates to liberal individualism, social inequality, socialism and collectivism. Pinker argues that the development and testing of theories is an essential element in the conduct of social research. He also comments on the work of Amartya Sen on the capability approach and its relevance to poverty analysis.
The welfare state: a comparative perspective
Authors: Pinker Robert
Published: May 2018

In this chapter, Robert Pinker discusses the factors that have been most instrumental in the making of the welfare state by comparing the experiences of Britain, America and Russia in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He examines each country's social welfare provisions, especially over the balance between provisions based on self-help and those emanating from the state, by focusing on their contrasting popular cultures and the political and moral values involved. He also considers the international aspects of social welfare and issues relating to migration, immigration and imperialism. According to Pinker, ‘perhaps the most neglected index of popular welfare preference has been the private ownership of land, either as a means of livelihood or as a location for property’. He concludes by suggesting an alternative hypothesis which questions the ‘optimistic’ collectivist view of social policy development at both national and international levels.