bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-latitude crochet: solar-flare-induced magnetic disturbance independent from low-latitude crochet
Authors: Yamauchi Masatoshi , Johnsen Magnar G. , Enell Carl-Fredrik , Tjulin Anders , Willer Anna , Sormakov Dmitry A.
Published: November 2020

Abstract. A solar-flare-induced, high-latitude (peak at 70–75∘ geographic latitude – GGlat) ionospheric current system was studied. Right after the X9.3 flare on 6 September 2017, magnetic stations at 68–77∘ GGlat near local noon detected northward geomagnetic deviations (ΔB) for more than 3 h, with peak amplitudes of >200 nT without any accompanying substorm activities. From its location, this solar flare effect, or crochet, is different from previously studied ones, namely, the subsolar crochet (seen at lower latitudes), auroral crochet (pre-requires auroral electrojet in sunlight), or cusp crochet (seen only in the cusp). The new crochet is much more intense and longer in duration than the subsolar crochet. The long duration matches with the period of high solar X-ray flux (more than M3-class flare level). Unlike the cusp crochet, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY is not the driver, with the BY values of only 0–1 nT out of a 3 nT total field. The equivalent ionospheric current flows eastward in a limited latitude range but extended at least 8 h in local time (LT), forming a zonal current region equatorward of the polar cap on the geomagnetic closed region. EISCAT radar measurements, which were conducted over the same region as the most intense ΔB, show enhancements of electron density (and hence of ion-neutral density ratio) at these altitudes (∼100 km) at which strong background ion convection (>100 m s−1) pre-existed in the direction of tidal-driven diurnal solar quiet (Sq0) flow. Therefore, this new zonal current can be related to this Sq0-like convection and the electron density enhancement, for example, by descending the E-region height. However, we have not found why the new crochet is found in a limited latitudinal range, and therefore, the mechanism is still unclear compared to the subsolar crochet that is maintained by a transient redistribution of the electron density. The signature is sometimes seen in the auroral electrojet (AE = AU − AL) index.
A quick survey for X-class flares during solar cycle 23 and 24 shows clear increases in AU for about half the > X2 flares during non-substorm time,
despite the unfavourable latitudinal coverage of the AE stations for detecting this new crochet. Although some of these AU increases could be the auroral crochet signature, the high-latitude crochet can be a rather common feature for X flares.
We found a new type of the solar flare effect on the dayside ionospheric current at high latitudes but equatorward of the cusp during quiet periods. The effect is also seen in the AU index for nearly half of the > X2-class solar flares. A case study suggests that the new crochet is related to the Sq0 (tidal-driven part) current.
Uncertainty in nonstationary frequency analysis of South Korea's daily rainfall peak over threshold excesses associated with covariates
Authors: Lee Okjeong , Choi Jeonghyeon , Won Jeongeun , Kim Sangdan
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Several methods have been proposed to analyze the frequency of
nonstationary anomalies. The applicability of the nonstationary frequency
analysis has been mainly evaluated based on the agreement between the time
series data and the applied probability distribution. However, since the
uncertainty in the parameter estimate of the probability distribution is the main source of uncertainty in frequency analysis, the uncertainty in the correspondence between samples and probability distribution is inevitably large. In this study, an extreme rainfall frequency analysis is performed that fits the peak over threshold series to the covariate-based
nonstationary generalized Pareto distribution. By quantitatively evaluating the uncertainty of daily rainfall quantile estimates at 13 sites of the Korea Meteorological Administration using the Bayesian approach, we tried to evaluate the applicability of the nonstationary frequency analysis with a focus on uncertainty. The results indicated that the inclusion of dew point temperature (DPT) or surface air temperature (SAT) generally improved the goodness of fit of the model for the observed samples. The uncertainty of the estimated rainfall quantiles was evaluated by the confidence interval of the ensemble generated by the Markov chain Monte Carlo. The results showed that the width of the confidence interval of quantiles could be greatly amplified due to extreme values of the covariate. In order to compensate for the weakness of the nonstationary model exposed by the uncertainty, a method of specifying a reference value of a covariate corresponding to a nonexceedance probability has been proposed. The results of the study revealed that the reference covariate plays an important role in the reliability of the nonstationary model. In addition, when the reference covariate was given, it was confirmed that the uncertainty reduction in quantile estimates for the increase in the sample size was more pronounced in the nonstationary model. Finally, it was discussed how information on a global temperature rise could be integrated with a DPT or SAT-based nonstationary frequency analysis. Thus, a method to quantify the uncertainty of the rate of change in future quantiles due to global warming, using rainfall quantile ensembles obtained in the uncertainty analysis process, has been formulated.
EMPRESAS MÍNIMAS VIABLES Y EN ADAPTACIÓN A LA CRISIS: RELACIÓN MUNDO DIGITAL Y OFF-LINE
Authors: Díaz Luna Hugo Armando
Published: November 2020

Este capítulo tiene como objetivo entender un contexto de crisis para desarrollar una serie de actividades que permitan conectar las mínimas variables del mundo físico (off-line) y del mundo digital (plataformas o ecosistemas), para sobrevivir en los momentos de alta vulnerabilidad empresarial. El capítulo permite definir una empresa mínima viable, su diseño, las fases para la creación de las lógicas mínimas y relevantes para los momentos de crisis tanto del mundo off-line como de los modelos digitales. Conecta elementos cruciales para el diseño de empresas mínimas viables, como estrategias “C” (coworking, crowdsorucing, entre otras) y modelos tipo “Co” (colaboración, cocreación, comunidad, etc.); finalmente, ofrece un posicionamiento estratégico de TI a través de diferentes modos (soporte, pruebas y estratégico) que permitan superar la crisis de manera anticipada, gracias a su necesaria conexión con el entorno y la estrategia de la organización.
n. 45 - AUTONOMIA E REGULAÇÃO: A DESCENTRALIZAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL ANALISADA COMO UM ARRANJO HÍBRIDO
Authors: Braga Marcus Vinicius de Azevedo
Published: November 2020

O artigo defende que o arranjo híbrido, conceito derivado da Teoria dos Custos de Transação, pode ser uma referência teórica de discussão do processo de descentralização da política educacional a ser executada pelos municípios, por permitir uma governança que considera a autonomia e a interdependência, típicas do federalismo,  apresentando a combinação de controles e incentivos, como uma maneira de se tornar essa governança menos onerosa e mais efetiva. Essa abordagem ressignifica a transparência e o controle social, como instrumentos de governança estratégica, e faz uma releitura da autonomia municipal, resgatando o seu aspecto político, de fortalecimento das capacidades estatais.
PORTUGUÊS COMO LÍNGUA ADICIONAL NO PROGRAMA IDIOMAS SEM FRONTEIRAS NA UNICAMP: INTERNACIONALIZAÇÃO E POLÍTICAS LINGUÍSTICAS EM FOCO
Authors: Frazatto Bruna Elisa
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como mecanismos de política linguística (SHOHAMY, 2006) podem repercutir nos projetos de internacionalização da educação superior, criando políticas linguísticas de facto. Para isso, parto da criação do programa Inglês sem Fronteiras (subsequentemente, Idiomas sem Fronteiras), e analiso o cenário que se desenha na Universidade Estadual de Campinas, principalmente a partir do Núcleo de Línguas do programa e dos cursos de português como língua adicional lá oferecidos. A discussão traz à tona a necessidade de se pensar no contexto local para operacionalizar não só políticas linguísticas, mas também políticas de internacionalização, numa perspectiva solidária.
IDEOLOGIAS LINGUÍSTICAS: UMA BREVE ANÁLISE DA BNCC
Authors: Santana Alexandra Nunes
Published: November 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma breve análise da nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Mais especificamente, o foco recai sobre a disciplina de Língua Portuguesa, com o intuito de observar que/quais ideologia(s) linguística(s) para o ensino da língua portuguesa está(ão) sendo imposta(s), já que a BNCC “é um documento de caráter normativo que define o conjunto orgânico e progressivo de aprendizagem essenciais que todos os alunos devem desenvolver ao longo das etapas e modalidades da Educação Básica” (BRASIL, 2017, p. 7), para ser (em) trabalhada(s) em sala de aula. Para isso, visitamos alguns estudiosos, como Bagno (2007, 2011, 2013, 2014), Woolard (1998), Moita Lopes (2013), Cavalcanti (2007, 2013), Eagleton (2011), César e Cavalcanti (2007) e Milroy (2011) para a reflexão sobre ideologias linguísticas. Em relação à linguagem, baseamo-nos, principalmente, nas postulações do Círculo de Bakhtin. Diante disso, percebemos a necessidade de o/a professor/a estar atento/a à concepção de língua adotada pela BNCC e de como se dará o ensino-aprendizado da língua portuguesa nas salas de aulas do país.
QUANDO POLÍTICAS DE RESISTÊNCIA SE TRANSFORMAM EM POLÍTICAS LINGUÍSTICAS OFICIAIS: O ESPANHOL NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Costa Junior José Veranildo Lopes da , Carvalho Tatiana Lourenço de
Published: November 2020

As políticas linguísticas são entendidas, de modo geral, como um conjunto de decisões sobre o uso das línguas na esfera social, normalmente impostas pelo Estado através de documentos prescritivos oficiais. Contudo, quando analisamos a história do ensino de línguas no mundo ocidental, percebemos o surgimento de um conjunto de gestos de intervenção linguística (PONTE, 2010), que se contrapõe às macropolíticas instituídas pelas instituições governamentais que, muitas vezes, se fundamentam a partir de um paradigma da exclusão. Estes gestos de intervenção linguística também podem ser chamados de políticas de resistência, e são implementados por instituições periféricas, que não gozam do poder estatal como, por exemplo, as associações de professores e os movimentos estudantis. Com o objetivo de problematizar o processo pelo qual as políticas de resistência se transformam em políticas linguísticas oficiais, fundamentados em autores como Cooper (2000) e Ponte (2010), trataremos, neste artigo, do ensino de espanhol na região Nordeste de Brasil sob a perspectiva das micropolíticas que se opõem à revogação da Lei nacional nº 11.161/2005. As análises mostram que, no caso do espanhol, políticas de resistência vêm se transformando em políticas oficiais, garantindo o ensino desse idioma neolatino nos currículos de escolas estaduais e municipais.
DE LÍNGUA ESTRANGEIRA À LÍNGUA FRANCA E OS PARADOXOS IN-BETWEEN: (TENSIONANDO) O ENSINO DE LÍNGUA INGLESA À LUZ DA BNCC
Authors: Santana Juliana Silva , Kupske Felipe Flores
Published: November 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal investigar algumas mudanças na redação para o ensino da língua inglesa entre a segunda (2016) e a terceira versão (2018) da Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC). Sem negar a importância da língua inglesa no currículo brasileiro e sempre considerando os avanços que a BNCC traz à tona em nosso contexto educacional, este trabalho apresenta uma leitura crítica da BNCC, tensionando não apenas a exclusão de outras línguas estrangeiras, como, também, alguns de seus índices mercadológicos e paradigmas em torno da fundamentação teórica e do currículo propostos para o inglês como língua franca (ILF).
A REDAÇÃO DO ENEM ENTRE AS POLÍTICAS OFICIAIS E OFICIOSAS: O LUGAR DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
Authors: Teles Jaqueline Gomes dos Santos
Published: November 2020

A cidadania, seguindo os princípios da Constituição Federal de 1988, figura como um dos principais objetivos da Educação Básica que deve ser garantido pela articulação de políticas públicas educacionais. Nessa perspectiva, o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem), como política de avaliação, parece sinalizar uma tentativa de mensurar o alcance do objetivo final da educação ao exigir, entre as competências da prova de Redação, o respeito aos Direitos Humanos. No entanto, na contramão das políticas públicas oficiais que apresentam diretrizes e ferramentas para uma formação cidadã, as políticas oficiosas, fruto da organização de movimentos como o Escola Sem Partido, vêm ganhando espaço nas disputas políticas que são centrais para o cumprimento, ou não, da formação cidadã. O objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar argumentos que sustentam as políticas oficiais e oficiosas no que diz respeito aos Direitos Humanos no âmbito da prova de redação do Enem. Para tanto, assumimos uma abordagem qualitativa que toma como base a pesquisa bibliográfica e a pesquisa documental. Os resultados mostram que as políticas oficiosas, a partir da organização e articulação de movimentos, interferem nas políticas oficiais e ameaçam a concepção de educação cidadã apregoada na Carta Magna.
DESAFIOS NO ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE: DA BNCC AO ESCOLA SEM PARTIDO
Authors: Beato-Canato Ana Paula Marques , Martinez Juliana Zeggio , Fernandes Alessandra Coutinho
Published: November 2020

Em sentido aristotélico, somos todas/os seres políticos, porque nossas ações são sempre fruto de escolhas. Definições relativas a línguas, portanto, sejam elas oficiais ou não, constituem políticas linguísticas (RAJAGOPALAN, 2013) e a comunidade acadêmica constitui-se como um importante agente no processo de realização de políticas enquanto textos e práticas (GIMENEZ, 2013). Considerando tal responsabilidade, e entendendo que a crescente polarização política e a intensificação de políticas neoliberais que temos vivenciado no Brasil nos últimos anos produziram condições favoráveis para a publicação de uma Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e o fortalecimento do Movimento Escola sem Partido (MESP), em 2019, propusemos um curso de extensão na área de formação de professoras/es de línguas, intitulado: Desafios no ensino de línguas na contemporaneidade: da BNCC ao Escola sem Partido. O objetivo de nosso curso foi aproximar nossas discussões na universidade das discussões nas escolas de Educação Básica, para debater e criar inteligibilidades, à luz da Linguística Aplicada, sobre nossas práticas atravessadas por políticas educacionais e/ou linguísticas - especialmente em relação à BNCC e ao MESP. Neste texto, fruto de nossos diálogos e reflexões antes, durante e após nosso curso de extensão, trazemos, primeiramente, algumas considerações sobre como temos lido questões sociais e políticas que, no nosso entender, servem como contexto para documentos como a BNCC e propostas como o MESP. Em seguida, buscamos apontar similaridades entre essas políticas, relacionando-as com nosso momento presente, na sociedade brasileira e no contexto neoliberal que atravessamos nesta fase da globalização. A nosso ver, a formação de professoras/es precisa atuar mais ativamente no questionamento e na desnaturalização da ordem social que, em nome da neutralidade, reproduz desigualdades e violências de diferentes ordens. Para isso, entretanto, é preciso considerar criticamente e reflexivamente nossa atualidade, o que exige maior proximidade com outras esferas sociais. Desse modo, ao compartilhar reflexões informadas pela Linguística Aplicada e atravessadas por vozes de outras/os professoras/es, esperamos contribuir com esta reflexão, questionamento e problematização necessários para enfrentarmos os desafios que nossa contemporaneidade nos clama a enxergar e atuar.
Políticas linguísticas oficiais e oficiosas: da BNCC ao Escola sem Partido
Authors: Martinez Juliana Zeggio , Beato-Canato Ana Paula Marques , Fernandes Alessandra Coutinho
Published: November 2020

Pensar, analisar e debater políticas linguísticas e educacionais, oficiais e oficiosas, como a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e o Movimento Escola sem Partido (MESP) nos levam a entender que nosso desafio nesta tarefa não está naquilo que é aparentemente visível em cada uma dessas propostas. Nesse sentido, buscamos destrinchar e problematizar as intenções e os efeitos no mundo das políticas mencionadas, uma vez que elas não são fatos, mas processos em construção social. É na multiplicidade de contextos, práticas, discursos e análises que se encontram as duas entrevistas e os quinze artigos que compõem este dossiê. Cada autor e autora deste volume contribui para este exercício de reflexão no qual o dissenso e o caos não deixam de existir e exigem de nós engajamento, criticidade, ação. Nessa multiplicidade, as/os participantes deste dossiê nos ajudam a ampliar os espectros de discussão e de análise sobre a questão das políticas linguísticas - oficiais ou oficiosas, como macro ou micropolíticas, no texto da legislação ou no chão da escola. As autoras e autores nos presenteiam aqui com suas pesquisas em diferentes cenários, espaços espectros. Temos artigos que se voltam a discussões sobre a questão das línguas (Portuguesa, Inglesa, Espanhola, Francesa, Libras) na BNCC; outros tratam do estatuto das línguas (se estrangeira, adicional, materna, não materna, franca, de fronteira, etc.); e, outros ainda, analisam silenciamentos, resistências, omissões, ausências e/ou apagamentos de línguas, saberes e subjetividades nas políticas que analisam. Há artigos também que buscam pensar a BNCC nos diferentes segmentos educacionais, como a Educação Infantil, o Ensino Fundamental, o Ensino Médio, o Ensino Médio Integrado, bem como a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica de Nível Médio. Há ainda artigos que discutem a relação entre a BNCC e o MESP e/ou analisam as próprias ações promovidas pelo MESP, nos oportunizando diferentes reflexões sobre os impactos de ambas as políticas na atualidade. Outras temáticas atravessadas pela pesquisa no campo das políticas linguísticas pautam-se em conceitos mais amplos, como ideologia, globalização, neoliberalismo, direitos humanos, etc., e/ou conceitos voltados à educação linguística, como os gêneros discursivos, os letramentos, as práticas de escrita e oralidade na escola. Além disso, o dossiê nos traz a oportunidade de reflexão sobre a importância da formação de professores na área de estudos da linguagem. Esperamos que a leitura dos artigos contribua para a reflexão sobre a relevância da pesquisa e da discussão no campo das políticas linguísticas, que afetam nosso cotidiano, nossas escolas, nossa profissão como professoras/es, nossa vida e existência.
The Phenomenological Confidence of the Teacher in Conducting Learning Projects
Authors: Rondinel Carrillo Rosa Ines , Tarazona Miranda Victor Hilario , Ochoa Tataje Freddy Antonio , Fernandez Ricardo Guevara , Shardin-Flores Linda , Martinez Joel Uribe
Published: November 2020

The present research intends to capture in essence the meaning of teachers' experiences in relation to confidence in the management of learning projects, deepened through the hermeneutical phenomenological method, the qualitative approach and the interpretive paradigm. The sample was made up of teachers who were successful in the implementation of learning projects. They were asked to narrate an anecdote, used with a conversational interview as an instrument for collecting their experiences. From the analysis and interpretation of the data, individual thematic units emerged, such as individual physiognomy, motivation, values, confidence, mistrust, frustration, reflection, satisfaction, vocation, teamwork, autonomy and commitment. After categorization, the central theme or group physiognomy 'teacher confidence' reflected in the phenomenological text was conceived. It is concluded that, in environments of trust and security, comprehensive values are developed to optimize learning and project development.
Development of Critical Thinking in Doctoral Students in Education
Authors: Nunez Lira Luis Alberto , Soria Perez Yolanda Felicitas , Collanque Pinto Jesus Daniel , Rivera-Lozada Oriana
Published: November 2020

Critical thinking in university studies is the cornerstone for the development of research processes at the doctoral level; it becomes the vector of this action, whose processes in the management of learning will require that the competencies understood are developed by teachers and students, for the achievement of the goals proposed by the actors involved. This is how the research had the purpose of measuring the critical thinking of university doctorate students whose methodology was quantitative, with a population of 150 students, which allowed, in the first place, to establish the reliability and the analysis of the construct of the instrument used (Watson-Glaser test) and whose results showed a reliability of 0.77, KMO of 0.757 with a bilateral significance of 0.000. Likewise, of the five dimensions or factors of the instrument, five have a positive impact on moderate levels (Nagelkerke's pseudo-R square of 0.574) excluding inference. The descriptive analysis established that 11.3% present critical thinking at the advanced level.
Disruption Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Peruvian University Education
Authors: Mory Chiparra William Eduardo , Calla Vasquez Kriss Melody , Espinoza Casco Roque Juan , Trujillo Pajuelo Michael Lincold , Jaramillo-Alejos Pedro Javier , Morillo-Flores John
Published: November 2020

The objective of the research was to analyze the effects of the disruption that Peruvian university education has suffered due to COVID-19 in 2020. The type of research was basic under the design of grounded theory (De la Espriella & Gómez Restrepo, 2020). The study scenario was university education in the first semester of 2020, considering more than twenty academic texts; between articles, texts and reports related to university educational disruption. The technique implemented was that of documentary analysis. And in the procedure for collecting information, the inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. The results show that disruption is the break, abrupt or sudden interruption caused within a current paradigm. Therefore, the paradigm of face-to-face Peruvian university education due to the COVID-19 pandemic has suffered a sudden interruption; so much so that article 47 of University Law N° 30220 was modified; The modalities of face-to-face, semi-face-to-face and distance or non-face-to-face teaching were established, introducing university higher education in the new paradigm of online education. For this reason, universities should be required to leave their comfort zone and incorporate information and communication technologies as a possibility and opportunity for academic development.
Secondary Attack Rate and Epidemiological Determinants of Secondary High-Risk Contacts of SARS COV-2; Lessons to Learn: A Study from North Gujarat
Authors: Sharma Parul , Solanki Nitin , Ninama Rakesh
Published: November 2020

Background: Transmission of the SARS CoV-2 disease among secondary contacts is a challenge and must be addressed. Secondary attack rate (SAR) is the probability that an infection occurs among susceptible contact within incubation period. It can be influenced by many factors including personal hygiene habits, behaviors, and characteristics of close-contact environments.

Objectives: The study was conducted to finds out the Secondary Attack Rate among Household contacts of Covid19 positive patients; to study the socio-demographic and other factors affecting the Secondary Attack Rate; and to compare the disease outcomes in the primary cases and secondary contacts.

Methodology: Observational Retrospective Study was conducted telephonically among randomly selected 444 primary contacts from District Patan and their 1059 secondary high-risk contacts.

Results and conclusion: The overall SAR was found to be 5.6% which was highest (21%) in >60 years age group followed by 18 to<60 years age group (5.6%).Death rates were higher(18%) in Primary cases compared to High Risk secondary contacts (8%).Gender, age, symptomatic contacts, presence of toilet facility, Travel History and co-morbid conditions were found to be statistically significant in High Risk secondary contacts. Home isolation seems to be a good measure for Covid 19 positive cases except for those >60 years old.
Delito de maltrato animal en el Anteproyecto de Nuevo Código Penal de Chile de 2018
Authors: Binfa Álvarez José Ignacio
Published: November 2020

El autor realiza un análisis crítico de la regulación del delito de maltrato animal en el Anteproyecto de Código Penal de Chile del año 2018, a la luz del estado actual de dicho delito tras las reformas introducidas por la Ley N° 21.020 en 2017.
Molecular pathogenesis of heart failure in diabetes
mellitus – new direction for the therapeutic approach
Authors: Łukawska-Tatarczuk Magdalena , Mrozikiewicz-Rakowska Beata , Franek Edward , Czupryniak Leszek
Published: November 2020

As it has been proven, cardiovascular diseases are several times more common in diabetic
patients than in the general population. Despite many studies and hypotheses, is still not
explained why this happens. Considering the frequent coexistence of cardiovascular risk
factors with diabetes, the identification of diabetic cardiomyopathy as an independent
complication is controversial, and diagnosis in clinical practice is rare. Nevertheless, the
presence of diabetes significantly worsens the course and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases,
and a better understanding of the diabetic component in the development of heart
failure seems essential in the search for an effective therapy. The pathogenetic factors of
the development of heart failure in diabetes include: metabolic disorders related to hyperglycaemia,
lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, immune system dysfunction,
genetic predisposition and epigenetic disorders. The clinical pictures of diabetic cardiomyopathy
vary depending on the type of diabetes, and dysfunction includes not only the cells of the myocardium, as well as stromal cells, endothelial and nervous system cells.
The long-term and asymptomatic course of this complication and its progressive nature
shortening the lives of diabetic patients prompt the search for new diagnostic and therapeutic
methods. A better understanding of the molecular basis of myocardial dysfunction
in diabetes appears essential in the search. Stopping the “cascade” of pathways responsible
for activation of inflammation, fibrosis or apoptosis in individual organs could effectively
prevent the development of diabetic complications. The paper presents existing
pathogenetic concepts and their therapeutic implications, which may be used in the prevention
of cardiovascular complications in diabetes and allow individualization of therapy.
KAJIAN TINGKAT KERUSAKAN PENCEMARAN DI SUNGAI KRUKUT
Authors:   Environmental Engineering Department,  Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology,  Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, Sesempuli Yuni , Iswanto Bambang ,   Environmental Engineering Department,  Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology,  Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, Hendrawan Diana Irvindiaty ,   Environmental Engineering Department,  Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology,  Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Abstract. The population growth with its activities causes pressure on the Krukut River. Load management of pollutants that enters the river is based on the self purification of the river. This study aims to analyze the river characteristics and degradation rate of Krukut River. Krukut River which is a research location has a length of ± 9.04 km. Characteristics of Krukut River has a type of small rocky riverbed and irregular with manning coefficient from 0.035 to 0.045. The depth ranging from 0,99 - 2 m, with a current velocity from 0,3 to 1,29 m/s. Krukut River discharge at 2,873-7,889 m3/sec. Streeter Phelps modeling to find out the constant rate of degradation of Krukut River which resulted in the value of DO and BOD. The rate of increase of dissolved oxygen (Ka) with the value of Ka range of 1,586-4,542 d-1, the standard value should be 1,494 d-1. The results of degradation rate (Kd) of the study obtained values range 0,285–0,394 d-1 with a default value of 0,501 d-1. For a settling rate (Ks) the range of 0,070 d-1 –0,096 d-1 with a standard value should be 0,751 d-1 which means the precipitation process is quite slow. Keywords: pollution degradation rate, Krukut River, Streeter Phelps methode, selfpurification, water quality
DAMPAK PEMUKIMAN DAN KEGIATAN DI TEPI SUNGAI TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI BARU BARAT
Authors:   Environmental Engineering Department,  Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology,  Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, Pratiwi Ariane , Fachrul Melati Ferianita ,   Environmental Engineering Department,  Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology,  Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia, Hendrawan Diana Irvindiaty ,   Environmental Engineering Department,  Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology,  Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia
Published: November 2020

Abstract. Baru Barat River is a man made river for flood and irrigation control. This study aims to determine the effect of activities on the bank on Baru Barat River on the water quality. Identification of activities is carried out along the bank of river. Water quality parameters are compared with the Governor of Jakarta no. 582 year 2005. The status of water quality is determined using the Pollution Inde (PI). The activities around the Baru Barat River are settlements, officem workshop, schools, deales, food stall, laundry, shops, beauty salons, guesthouses and gas station. BOD concentration range from 8.4-43.7 mg/L with a quality standard of 10 mg/L and COD range from 16-99.2 mg/L with a quality standard of 20 mg/L. Concentration of BOD and COD that exceed of quality standard at almost all sampling ponts. The level of pollutionj in the Baru Barat River is moderate polluted. The main problem at Baru Barat River are the presence of several illegal waste point left from activities that eventually enter the river and the absence of waste water treatment. The concept of community based must be implemented to waste management and communal wastewater treatment that are easy, inexpensive and integrated with the landscape. Keywords: Baru Barat River, river bank, water pollution index, river quality, domestic waste water
ANALISIS DAYA TAMPUNG BEBAN PENCEMARAN KALI ASEM DI SEKITAR TPST BANTAR GEBANG DAN TPA SUMUR BATU
Authors:   Teknik Lingkungan Institut Teknologi Bandung, Kurniasari Opy , Aprianti Lina ,   Teknik Lingkungan Institut Teknologi Nasional
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Beban pengelolaan sampah yang tinggi khususnya di kota besar dan metropolitan melatar belakangi lahirnya berbagai kebijakan. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah yang mengamanatkan adanya kerjasama dan kemitraan antar pemerintah daerah, badan usaha, dan masyarakat dalam melakukan pengelolaan sampah. Daya dukung lingkungan seharusnya menjadi salah satu pertimbangan dalam penyusunan dan penetapan rencana pengelolaan dan pemulihan lingkungan. Meskipun demikian, pada pelaksanaannya, perhitungan daya dukung lingkungan tidak mudah. Perencanaan bukan berdasarkan pada kemampuan lingkungan, melainkan kondisi yang sudah ada, yang kemungkinan sudah mengalami degradasi atau sudah terlampaui daya dukungnya. Kondisi tersebut diperkirakan akan menimbulkan penurunan daya dukung lingkungan hidup di sekitar TPST Bantar Gebang dan TPA Sumur Batu, salah satunya adalah Kali Asem. Berdasarkan hal tersebut perlu dilakukan analisis daya tampung beban pencemaran Kali Asem yang berada di sekitar TPST dan TPA tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daya tampung beban pencemaran Kali Asem untuk mengetahui kemampuan lingkungan hidup di wilayah sekitar TPST Bantargebang Kota Bekasi untuk mendukung perikehidupan manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Hasil analisis laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa pada titik awal pengambilan sampel, Kali Asem sudah dalam kondisi tercemar yaitu ditandai dengan tingginya kadar BOD dan COD. Kata Kunci: daya dukung; daya tampung; beban pencemaran, pengelolaan sampah
EVALUASI SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KAWASAN PERUMAHAN DI KOTA BANDUNG
Authors:   Program Studi Rekayasa Infrastruktur Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Agustina Elprida , Gewe Rima Senditya ,   Dinas Perumahan Rakyat Kawasan Permukiman dan Pertanahan Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Widyarsana I Made Wahyu ,   Program Studi Rekayasa Infrastruktur Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Institut Teknologi Bandung
Published: November 2020

Abstrak: Perumahan Bumi Panyawangan merupakan perumahan dengan target pasar masyarakat kalangan menengah ke atas. Hingga tahun 2018 pembangunan dan pengembangan perumahan meningkat sangat signifikan. Terdapat 1.443 rumah terbangun beserta fasilitas lainnya di atas lahan seluas 40 hektar. Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan oleh perumahan ini adalah sebesar 2,5 ton/hari dengan didominasi oleh sampah organik, plastik, dan juga B3. Dalam keberjalanan aktivitasnya, perumahan ini belum dilengkapi sistem pengelolaan persampahan yang baik. Eksisting pengelolaan dilakukan dengan pengangkutan door-to-door oleh DLH Kabupaten Bandung. Evaluasi kondisi eksisting persampahan dilakukan dengan penilaian pembobotan dan diperoleh nilai sebesar 2,94 yang dapat dikategorikan dalam kondisi cukup baik, meski memiliki nilai yang sangat kecil pada poin aspek teknis, kelembagaan, regulasi, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Sesuai evaluasi maka direncanakan sebuah TPS-3R untuk dapat mengakomodir sampah yang dihasilkan di Bumi Panyawangan namun dengan kapasitas yang terbatas sesuai dengan UKL-UPL Perumahan Bumi Panyawangan. Aktivitas yang ada di TPS-3R yaitu pengomposan, pencacahan sampah plastik, penyimpanan dan penjualan barang bernilai ekonomis, dan pengumpulan residu. Pengolahan sampah organik dilakukan dengan proses aerobik sesuai dengan penilaian dari variabel investasi, teknis, keberlanjutan, ketersediaan lahan, estetika, dan juga ekonomi. Kata kunci: pengelolaan sampah, perumahan, pembobotan, TPS-3R
Oil–Water Separation Techniques for Bilge Water Treatment
Authors: Aini Amran Nurul , Nor Adibah Mustapha Siti
Published: November 2020

Discharging accumulated bilge water from the ship is very important in order to maintain its stability and safety. However, the bilge water that contains contaminants, including waste oils and oily wastes, must be treated prior discharging to the sea. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) has set strict oil discharge limit in order to minimize sea pollution. Thus, an efficient oil–water separator must be installed to separate the oil from the bilge water. This chapter introduces and discusses the working mechanisms, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the available oil–water separation techniques for bilge water treatment, which include gravitational, centrifugation, flotation, coagulation and flocculation, biological processes as well as absorption and adsorption.
Solar Energy and Its Purpose in Net-Zero Energy Building
Authors: Esmaeili Shayan Mostafa
Published: November 2020

The Net Zero Energy Building is generally described as an extremely energy-efficient building in which the residual electricity demand is provided by renewable energy. Solar power is also regarded to be the most readily available and usable form of renewable electricity produced at the building site. In contrast, energy conservation is viewed as an influential national for achieving a building’s net zero energy status. This chapter aims to show the value of the synergy between energy conservation and solar energy transfer to NZEBs at the global and regional levels. To achieve these goals, both energy demand building and the potential supply of solar energy in buildings have been forecasted in various regions, climatic conditions, and types of buildings. Building energy consumption was evaluated based on a bottom-up energy model developed by 3CSEP and data inputs from the Bottom-Up Energy Analysis System (BUENAS) model under two scenarios of differing degrees of energy efficiency intention. The study results indicate that the acquisition of sustainable energy consumption is critical for solar-powered net zero energy buildings in various building styles and environments. The chapter calls for the value of government measures that incorporate energy conservation and renewable energy.
Role of Decomposers in Agricultural Waste Management
Authors: Iqbal Nusrat , Agrawal Amrish , Dubey Saurabh , Kumar Jitender
Published: November 2020

In this chapter, agricultural waste residue management by bio-organisms is discussed along with different types of decomposition processes. Tons of agricultural wastes are produced every year. These agricultural wastes create major environmental problems without effective means of management methods. There are many technologies being used for the decomposition, which mainly include anaerobic decomposition, compositing, fermentation, etc. All these decomposition processes depend upon the different soil-inhabiting microbes. These microbes are the key components of agri-residue decomposition process. Every step of decomposition requires different microbes. Various sets of catalytical enzymes are involved for the catabolic procedures of organic matter. By successive catabolic reactions, all the organic matters are mineralized into soil essential constituents, which will be the most effective sources of macro- and micronutrients for the soil fertility. Working efficiency of these microbes depends upon different parameters like moisture, temperature, pH, etc. The vitality and efficiency of microbes can be enhanced by using various inert carriers. If the efficiency of these soil microbes enhances by various factors, then the rate of decomposition could be enhanced to handle this ever-increasing problem of agriculture residue in near future.
Condition-Based Maintenance for Data Center Operations Management
Authors: Wiboonrat Montri
Published: November 2020

This chapter presents data center operations management by giving four case studies of power distribution systems (PDS) of data centers (Tier I, Tier II, Tier III, and Tier IV). The four topologies of PDS have defined by the design of single points of failure and redundant equipment and systems. The concepts of Mean Time between Failures (MTBF) and Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) apply during PDS design for reduced system downtime. Moreover, MTBF and MTTR use for estimating system availability of each Tier classification. Human factors consider as critical part of data center operations that need to quantify and qualify on knowledge and skills such as certified levels. For sustainable data center operations, the new software for data center operations called Data Center Infrastructure Management (DCIM) has deployed for monitoring and controlling entire system operations that interact among system of systems and human interfaces by deployed condition-based maintenance (CBM) as preventive and predictive conditions. Moreover, CBM performs as long-term cost saving for total cost of ownership (TCO) and energy efficiency.
Second Generation Supraglottic Airway (SGA) Devices
Authors: Singh Kriti
Published: November 2020

Supraglottic Airways (SGAs) are an integral part of anaesthetic care. Since their introduction, several modifications, additions, and variations have been developed and are currently in clinical practice since the last 25 years. Not only are they useful for difficult ventilation during both in-hospital and out-of-hospital difficult airway management, they also act as a conduit for tracheal intubation. The newer or second-generation SGAs have been designed to provide a better seal of the airway and are relatively safer since they allow gastric aspiration. Thus, the SGAs may be the most versatile component in the airway management cart. Existing literature on SGAs tends to focus on first generation SGAs and their use in OT only. However, the scope and use of these devices is vast. Knowledge regarding specific devices and supporting data for their use is of utmost importance to patient’s safety. This chapter addresses various types of commercially available novel SGAs and their use in and out of hospital settings.
Tear Film – Physiology and Disturbances in Various Diseases and Disorders
Authors: Kopacz Dorota , Niezgoda Łucja , Fudalej Ewa , Nowak Anna , Maciejewicz Piotr
Published: November 2020

The tear film is a thin fluid layer covering the ocular surface. It is responsible for ocular surface comfort, mechanical, environmental and immune protection, epithelial health and it forms smooth refractive surface for vision. The traditional description of the tear film divides it into three layers: lipid, aqueous and mucin. The role of each layer depends on the composition of it. Tear production, evaporation, absorption and drainage concur to dynamic balance of the tear film and leads to its integrity and stability. Nonetheless, this stability can be disturb in tear film layers deficiencies, defective spreading of the tear film, in some general diseases and during application of some general and/or topical medications. Dry eye disease is the result of it. In this review not only physiology of the tear film is presented. Moreover, we would like to discuss the influence of various diseases and conditions on the tear film and contrarily, spotlight tear film disorders as a manifestation of those diseases.
Rolling Resistance Estimation for PCR Tyre Design Using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Nanang Ali Sutisna
Published: November 2020

This study presents rolling resistance estimation in the design process of passenger car radial (PCR) tyre by using finite element method. The rolling resistance coefficient of tyres has been becoming one of main requirements within the regulation in many countries as it is related to the level of allowable exhaust gas emission generated by vehicle. Therefore, the tyre being designed must be digitally simulated using finite element method before the tyre is manufactured to provide a high confident level and avoid unnecessary cost related to failure physical product testing. The simulation firstly computes the deformation of several alternative designs of tyres under certain loading, and then the value of deformation force in each tyre component during deformation took place is calculated. The total force of deformation is considered as energy loss or hysteresis loss resulted in tyre rolling resistance. The experiment was carried out on three different tyre designs: two grooves, three grooves, and four grooves. The four groove tyre design gave the smallest rolling resistance coefficient (RRC). Finally, the simulation was continued to compare different crown radius of the tyres and the result shows that the largest crown radius generates the lowest rolling resistance.
The Impact of Embankments on the Geomorphic and Ecological Evolution of the Deltaic Landscape of the Indo-Bangladesh Sundarbans
Authors: Chaudhuri Subhamita , Chaudhuri Punarbasu , Ghosh Raktima
Published: November 2020

The deltaic landscape of the Ganga-Brahmaputra delta has evolved through a complex interplay of geomorphic processes and tidal dynamics coupled with the anthropogenic modifications brought over in course of the reclamation of the islands since the late 18th century. The reclamation process was characterized by clearing lands for paddy farms and fish ponds by building a mesh of earthen embankments along creek banks to restrict saltwater intrusion. The length of the embankments in the Indian Sundarbans alone is 3638 km (World Bank, 2014) which altered the tidal inundation regimes, sediment accretion and geomorphic character of the deltaic inlets. The mean annual sedimentation rate (2.3 cm y−1) in the central Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is over two times higher than sedimentation within the natural intertidal setting of the Sundarbans (Rogers et al., 2017). The tidal range has also increased inland due to polder construc¬tion, with high water levels within the polder zone increasing as much as 1.7 cm y−1 (Pethick and Orford, 2013). Embankments have impacted on the biodiversity and physiological adaptations of mangroves within the sphere of tidal ingression, habitat fragmentation and seedling establishment. The chapter attempts to reappraise the impact of dykes on the geomorphology of the deltaic landscape and on the functionalities of mangrove forests.
COVID-19 and Educational Challenges: A Review of the Benefits of Online Education
Authors: Nikdel Teymori Anis , Fardin Mohammad Ali
Published: November 2020

Context: Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran, the Ministry of Education and Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology in Iran have obliged universities and schools to use online education as a substitute for face-to-face teaching processes, while it has created several issues for teachers, schools, and universities. Evidence Acquisition: In the current review that aimed to investigate online education, specific instructional strategies are presented to summarize online teaching experiences for teachers who might use online education in similar situations. In this line, PubMed, Medline, Elsevier, and Science Direct electronic databases were searched for relevant studies that have been conducted since 2002. Results: The present study was conducted on the hypothesis that distance education can be a proper training method for coping with COVID-19 prevalence in the current outbreak. Reviewing the studies performed all around the world indicated the success of online education and supported this training method, even though there are some problems in the transition from face-to-face teaching methods to modern methods. Conclusions: In today’s world, education can be divided into before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The importance of online education has become more apparent than ever before; therefore, it is essential to pay special attention to the appropriate infrastructures required for online learning in Iran’s education and the higher education system.