bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF MONOMER OF REMOVABLE DENTURE BASE RESIN ON THE STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE GLANDULAR ZONE OF ALBINO RAT HARD PALATE IN THE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Khilinich Yevhenii S. , Davydenko Vadym Yu. , Starchenko Ivan І. , Nidzelskyi Mykhailo Ya. , Davydenko Hanna М. , Kuznetsov Viktor V.
Published: February 2021

The aim: The paper presents the findings of the study of the 3 month-long effect of the monomer of the “Ftorax” denture base acrylic resin on the structural organization of
the mucous membrane and the condition of the salivary glands of the albino rats’ hard palate during the experiment.
Materials and methods:To achieve this goal, experimental studies involved mature rats, whose hard palate mucosa was smeared with 2% aqueous solution of the monomer
of the “Ftorax” denture base acrylic resin twice a day in the morning and evening. The animals were sacrificed on day 30 of the experiment and following 3 months.
Results: The findings of the studies of the structural organization of the mucous membrane and the analysis of the micropreparations of the mucous membrane of the hard palate of the animals of Group III have revealed substantial pathological changes both in the covering epithelium and in the lamina propria. The comparison between the intact animals and group of animals subjected to the 3 month-long effect of the monomer showed a significant thickening of the epithelial layer; a decrease in the mitotic index in the basal layer; impaired stratification of the cellular elements of the spinous layer; manifestations of exudative purulent inflammation, cystic and sclerotic changes in the excretory ducts; increase in the amount of connective tissue in the lobules of the salivary glands; decrease in the volume of the secretory parenchyma.
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the study we can conclude that the prolonged effect of the monomer of the denture base acrylic resins leads to disorder of the structural organization of the glandular zone of the hard palate; in its submucous layer the total volume of the salivary glands decreases, which, in turn, significantly reduces secretion and leads to hyposalivation.
Effect of temperature and salt on PVDF membrane wetting properties
Authors:   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, Jiang Kefan , Chamani Hooman ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, Matsuura Takeshi ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, Rana Dipak ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada, Lan Christopher ,   Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
Published: February 2021

Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermally driven separation process. Despite many advantages over other membrane separation processes, pore wetting hampers the wide commercial applications of the MD process. In this paper, the effect of temperature and presence (or absence) of salt in the feed solution on the wetting properties of commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane during a period of eight weeks was investigated. Liquid entry pressure (LEP) and water contact angle (WCA) were employed to characterize the wetting properties of the PVDF membrane. The result shows that the temperature has a significant impact on the decrease of the contact angle of the PVDF membrane.
DEVELOPMENT OF MILK PRODUCTION IN UKRAINE AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY OF THE DAIRY COMPLEX
Authors: NITSENKO Vitalii , DANKO Yuriy I.
Published: February 2021

The aim of the study was to develop theoretical, methodological and practical foundations for achieving the economic sustainability of dairy products by enterprises. The structure of the dairy subcomplex in terms of supply chain management is disclosed. This methodological approach made it possible to outline the external environment of the milk production and the dairy industry as a whole. We consider the category «economic sustainability» as the system ability to maintain its working condition in order to achieve the planned results in the presence of various perturbation effects (destabilizing internal and external factors). The starting point was the hypothesis that the economic sustainability of the dairy subcomplex as a whole depends on the economic sustainability of milk production entities (agricultural enterprises and households). Comparing the profitability level that has the potential to provide dynamic economic stability with the average in the dairy industry proves - without active state support the dairy industry in Ukraine is in danger of phasing out. The analysis of economic practices in Ukraine (in particular, data of the State Statistics Service) allowed to formulate the author's vision of the directions of achieving the dairy sub-sector of the state of dynamic economic stability. They include: the development of industrial dairy cattle as opposed to the dominance of small-scale production; changes in pricing policy, as well as the calculation of government subsidies by reformatting approaches to determining the cost of milk production, which will allow to adjust the reproduction system of own livestock and will increase the profitability of the dairy industry; achievement of higher quality of dairy raw materials by means of logistical re-equipment of farms, improvement of personnel qualification, provision of high sanitary standards, improvement of veterinary services; diversification of milk distribution channels in order to reduce the market power of the processing industry enterprises.
Key words: milk production, economic sustainability, dairy subcomplex, industrial cattle breeding, dairy cattle breeding.
DETERMINATION THE SYSTEM OF FACTORS DEVELOPING
COMMERCIAL MEDIATION IN UKRAINE
Authors: NESKORODIEVA Inna , RODCHENKO Volodymyr , PARKHOMENKO Olena , KVITKA Yuliia , KVITKA Anton
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Business environment functions according to peculiar laws and rules. That constantly accompanied by commercial risks, setbacks and a variety of conflicts. Failure to resolve and exacerbate conflicts in the business environment threatens to cause unforeseen losses of expected profits, cash or property, bankruptcy, debt growth and more. Therefore, the threat of adverse effects of commercial conflicts, the issue of implementation and development of business mediation is relevant as a rapid method of conflict resolution on terms of mutual agreement of the parties' interests in view of the lengthy terms of court proceedings.
The purpose of the article is to scientifically substantiate the approach to systematization and prioritization of factors of business mediation development in the current conditions of economic development of Ukraine as a method of successful non-judicial settlement of commercial conflicts.
Results. In September 2019, 326 senior and middle managers of Ukrainian companies have surveyed to identify key factors for the development of mediation in the business environment in Ukraine in order to resolve commercial conflicts. It is established that business representatives need immediate practical implementation of business mediation, but at the same time, there is low awareness of Ukrainian entrepreneurs about the existence of a mediation institute, its principles and the procedure for conducting it. Using the principal component method (factor analysis), the factors component composition of business mediation development in modern conditions of Ukrainian economy development has been determined. The hierarchical structure of factors for the business mediation development as an effective institution for resolving commercial conflicts has been determined by calculating the variance percentage. It is determined that the factors of business mediation development are formed by 32,4% of the potential level by calculating the integral indicator.
Conclusions. The following system of key factors of business mediation development in modern conditions has been determined on the empirical research basis: the factor of institutional development; education factor; psychological factor and efficiency factor. The most destructive influence on the business mediation development is played by the retarded factors of institutional development and education. These research results can be used in the state strategy setting of business mediation development in Ukraine. The identified system of factors can serve as a guideline for the introduction of the necessary state measures for the non-judicial settlement development of commercial conflicts in the business environment in Ukraine, and determining the priority of their implementation.
Keywords: business mediation, business environment, commercial conflicts, factors of development, non-judicial conflict resolution.
Monogenic Diabetes due to ABCC8/KCNJ11 Mutation: Case Study and Review of Literature
Authors: Bano Gul
Published: February 2021

Monogenic diabetes arises due to mutation in a single-gene and is recognized by their striking familial inheritance pattern. This form of diabetes is inherited in an autosomal dominant or recessive fashion, unlike polygenic Type 1 (autoimmune) or type 2 diabetes caused by the combined action of more than one gene [1-11]. Monogenic diabetes is classified into three main groups: Neonatal diabetes mostly presents in the first six months of birth, maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and maternally inherited mitochondrial diabetes.

These mutations run in the family and have a predictable course. Most of the monogenic diabetes is treated with oral medications like sulfonylurea rather than insulin. ABCC8/KCNJ11 gene mutations also cause monogenic diabetes. This gene mutation has been found in ~50% of congenital hyperinsulinemia (CHI) patients. In such cases diabetes commonly presents in the neonatal period (transient or permanent) or at adolescence / early adulthood [1].

We present a 58-year-old diabetic lady, who was detected with ABCC8 mutation during the cascade testing [8]. She was diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 12 [8]. Her son had history of neonatal hypoglycaemia and developed diabetes at the age of 15. He was the index case who was found to have ABCC8 mutation. The family has several other members diagnosed with diabetes. The aim of the article is to increase awareness and understanding of monogenic diabetes among the medical practitioners in adult population with diabetes so that the genetic testing can be offered in a cost effective manner.
Bio-statistical Analysis on the Enterprise Dynamic Management in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: February 2021

Background: With the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the global economy has entered a cold winter, and the International Monetary Fund predicts that the global economy will shrink by about 3% in 2020. The outbreak of the epidemic has also caused heavy losses to the Chinese economy. In the first quarter of 2020, actual GDP fell sharply for the first time by 6.8% year-on-year for the first time. This is the first decline since record. Then, according to the data from the business survey in March, China's economy has improved compared with February, which shows that the economy has rebounded under the influence of policies. Judging from the current situation, although China has passed the peak period of the epidemic, affected by the high cases abroad, it can only be carried out slowly for the resumption of production. Enterprises, as micro-individuals under the macro economy, need to pass through analyzing the dynamic management of the enterprise to deepen the reform of the commercial system and stimulate the vitality of the enterprise. This will also provide data support for the government formulating relevant policies, which is conducive to the synergy of various policies and enhance the momentum of economic recovery. On the other hand, we choose tourism as our specific research object. Thus, we need to set different scenarios according to the development situation of the epidemic, evaluate the impact of the novel coronavirus epidemic on China's tourism industry, and discuss tourism development and opportunities in the post-epidemic era from the aspects of tourism's response to the epidemic and the development trend of the tourism after the epidemic [4].
Probable Crucial Role of Alteration in Insulin signaling in the Pathophysiology of Myotonic dystrophy Type 1-A Systemic Review
Authors: Kochar Kaur Kulvinder
Published: February 2021

Myotonic dystrophy type1(MD1) represents an autosomal dominant genetic disorder with the properties of multisystem getting involved. The organ systems implicated are skeletal muscle, heart, gastrointestinal tract( GIT), as well as brain There have been reports regarding the implications of changes in insulin signaling as well as their association with the clinical MD1 features. Thus we decided to conduct a systematic review regarding this. We utilized the PubMed search engine, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane reviews using the MeSH terms like Myotonic dystrophy type1 & type2; insulin signaling; insulin receptors(IR-A&B); control of insulin signaling in the brain other disorders related to enhancing age comparison; insulin-like growth factor1IGFR 1receptor); comparison with alterations in diabetes type 2 (T2DM) as well as metabolic syndrome(MetS) from 1970 to date in 2020 on 31st August 2020. We found over 10,150 articles out of which we selected 112 articles for this review, No meta-analysis was done. It was seen that the clinical proof of implications of the insulin signaling pathway in MD1 is dependent regarding enhanced chances of IR observed during practice as well as current research proofs regarding the benefits of metformin with regards to muscular action. Further indirect proof comes via some central nervous system(CNS) obtained symptoms that are typical of MD1, like obsessive compulsive behaviours or obsessive-compulsive disorders( OCD), whose association with changes in insulin signaling was shown in different disorders. On ground system, various etiopathological along with physiological modes which are working in MD1 might interfere with the usual physiological action of insulin. With all this proof the significance of insulin signaling in association with clinical features of MD1 warrants more basic scientific as well as clinical along with therapeutically directed research.
The War Against SARS-CoV-2: The Immune Giant Collapsing Under Its Own Rampaging Cytokine Storm
Authors: Sofra Xanya
Published: February 2021

We examined SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) available treatments and prophylactic methods that included interventions associated with inhibiting the ‘type II transmembrane serine protease’ (TMPRSS2) to limit the fusion between the Covid-19 Spike proteins and ACE2 receptors, or newly developed therapeutics like Remdesivir that interferes with the viral RNA replication. We explored the dilemma of ACE2 receptors that have a protective function against high blood pressure associated disorders, yet, they serve as the viral points of entry, elevating the probability of infection. Human tissues’ analysis reveals a higher ACE2 expression in adipose tissue, placing obesity-related conditions in the eye of the pandemic storm. It primarily exposes males due to the surge of ACE2 receptors in the testes along with other tissues. Males manifest a relatively higher positive ACE2 correlation with certain immune cells in the lungs, thyroid, adrenals, liver and colon, while females evidence higher ACE2 correlations with immune cells in the heart. The remaining tissues’ ACE2/immunity expressions are equivalent in both sexes, indicating that despite its preference for males, the threat of Covid-19 can easily target females. Recent reports indicate that Covid-19 is empowered by hindering the critical process of viral recognition during the adaptive immune response leading to the “cytokine storm,” the aggravated immune response that indiscriminately perseveres, rampaging the host’s vital organs. Sedentary lifestyle, age-related hormonal imbalance, and adiposity induced inflammation predispose the body to the immune collapse following Covid-19 invasion, spotlighting the detrimental aftermath of metabolic dysfunction, and excess food consumption, provoked by elevated cortisol and dysregulated appetite hormones. ACE2 expression is suppressed in the skeletal muscle, rendering fitness and weight management an effective Covid-19 preventive intervention, along with social distancing, hygiene, and facial coverings. Physical activity, or exercise alternative methods have recently demonstrated statistically significant reductions of the inflammatory marker C-Reactive Protein (CRP), triglycerides, visceral fat, cortisol and the orexigenic hormone ghrelin, juxtaposed by optimal increases of IGF-1, skeletal muscle mass, Free T3, HDL, and the anorexic hormone leptin.
Strategi Penghidupan Nelayan Pedagang di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (Lelong)
Authors: Sayful M.
Published: February 2021

Lebih dari 30 tahun Lelong di Kota Makassar eksis sebagai lembaga perekonomian yang bergerak di bidang perdagangan sumber daya kelautan dan perikanan. Oleh karena itu, Lelong merupakan sarana yang penting bagi kelangsungan hidup masyarakat, khususnya bagi para nelayan. penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan strategi penghidupan para nelayan pedagang, dan juga menganalisis lebih mendalam tentang penerapan strategi adaptasi dalam menghadapi kerentanan finansial yang akan mengganggu kehidupan sosial ekonomi para nelayan di pesisir Lelong Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Lelong Rajawali, Kota Makassar. Informan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah sepuluh orang dan terdiri dari nelayan pedagang, pengelola Lelong, serta pembeli ikan. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Data primer dan data sekunder kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan model analisis deskriptif kualitatif, serta menguraikannya dalam bentuk naratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang menyebabkan nelayan pedagang mengalami kerentanan finansial, yaitu meningkatnya jumlah nelayan pedagang di Lelong dan berkurangnya pembeli untuk berbelanja di Lelong. Adapun strategi penghidupan yang dilakukan oleh nelayan pedagang di Lelong adalah dilandasi oleh dua hal, yaitu pembelian tunai dan hutang. Sebagian besar nelayan pedagang lebih memilih untuk berhutang saat bertransaksi dengan nelayan penangkap ikan. Lebih lanjut, Strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan antara lain strategi konsolidasi, strategi akumulasi, dan strategi diversifikasi. Dengan dasar kesimpulan tersebut, para nelayan pedagang membutuhkan ruang aliansi perlindungan demi tercapainya sekuritas ekonomi yang berkepanjangan.
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN MENTERI DESA PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DAN TRANSMIGRASI NOMOR 8 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS PERATURAN MENTERI DESA PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL DAN TRANSMIGRASI
Authors: Jispar Editor
Published: February 2021

The
IMPLEMENTASI PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA PALANGKA RAYA NOMOR 22 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG RETRIBUSI PELAYANAN PERSAMPAHAN/KEBERSIHAN (Studi Terhadap Pedagang Kreatif Lapangan Dalam Pelaksanaan Car Free Day di Bundaran Besar Kota Palangka Raya)
Authors: Eriani  , Ira Zuraida  , Suprayitno
Published: February 2021

Cleanliness Retribution is one of the sources that has the potential to increaseRegional Original Income, especially in the implementation of Car Free Day in the“Bundaran Besar” Palangka Raya City. This can be seen from its contribution to theRegional Original Income which is quite large and always increases every year. Thiscleanliness levy serves to fulfill the routine needs of the regional treasury, regulate thehealth of the community and the environment, as well as to cover the costs ofadministering waste / cleaning services. This study aims to find out, analyze and describehow the implementation of Regional Regulations Regarding Cleaning Levies AgainstCreative Traders of Car Free Day in the “Bundaran Besar” Palangka Raya City. Inaddition, it is also to analyze the factors that influence the implementation of RegionalRegulations concerning Cleaning Levies Against Creative Traders in the Car Free Day“Bundaran Besar” Palangka Raya City. The author uses the theory of policyimplementation from George C. Edward III which consists of four indicators, namelycommunication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure. This study uses aQualitative Approach with data collection techniques that include Observation, Interviewand Documentation. From the results of the study, it was found that the Implementation ofRegional Regulations concerning Hygiene Levies on Creative Traders of Car Free Day“Bundaran Besar” Palangka Raya City is still not optimal, so it still needs to beaddressed.The conclusions from the research on the implementation of the RegionalRegulations on Hygiene Levies Against Creative Traders of Car Free Day “BundaranBesar” Palangka Raya City are still not optimal, this is caused by the first, the lack ofsupervision by the management agency so that it is prone to irregularities. Secondly, therewas no socialization regarding the content and purpose of the Regional Regulationsconcerning Cleanliness retribution. Third, the management office is less aware of thepotential for cleaning fees at the location.
Nėščiųjų dermatozės
Authors: Adomaitienė Aida , Zinkevičienė Eglė , Kučinskienė Vesta
Published: February 2021

Hormoniniai, imunologiniai ir fiziniai pokyčiai nėštumo laikotarpiu sukelia fiziologinius odos pokyčius, kurie vargina daugiau nei 90 proc. nėščiųjų. Tačiau būna ir specifinių nėščiųjų dermatozių. Joms priskiriami polimorfinis nėščiųjų bėrimas (PEP), gestacinis pemfigoidas, intrahepatinė nėščiųjų cholestazė, pustulinė nėščiųjų žvynelinė, atopinė nėščiųjų būklė.
Gerbti žmogaus orumą sveikatos priežiūroje – „misija privaloma“
Authors: Kuznecovienė Jolanta , Kalėdienė Ramunė , Astromskė Kristina , Peičius Eimantas , Urbonas Gvidas , Butkevičienė Rūta
Published: February 2021

Kiekvienas pacientas turi būti gydomas jo garbės ir orumo nežeminančiomis sąlygomis, ne vien todėl, kad taip įpareigoja įstatymas, bet ir dėl daug paprastesnės priežasties – todėl, kad jis, visų pirma, yra žmogus, o ne „diagnozė“, „atvejis“, arba „numeris #“. Žmogaus orumo sąvoka įsitvirtino bioetikos principuose ir tarptautinėje žmogaus teisių teisėje. Priimta manyti, kad orumo prielaida yra buvimas žmogumi, neįtakojamas jokių kitų faktinių aplinkybių. Kitaip tariant, žmogaus orumas yra idėja, kad kiekvienas žmogus unikalus (autentiškas) ir turi neįkainojamą vertę ir išskirtinumą, nepriklausomai nuo to, kiek jis uždirba, ką veikia, kiek jam metų, ar yra sveikas, ar serga.
Plaučių arterijos embolija
Authors: Minelgaitė Rūta , Minelga Andrius
Published: February 2021

24 metų moteris 2019 m. rugsėjo 19 d. dėl dešinės juosmens pusės skausmo, plintančio į dešinįjį petį, karščiavimo iki 37,5 °C temperatūros kreipėsi į VšĮ RVUL skubiosios pagalbos skyrių.
Canto y ciencia. Aspectos científicos de la voz cantada
Authors: García-López Isabel
Published: February 2021

El estudio de la voz cantada puede abordarse tanto desde el punto de vista artístico como desde el científico. Estas dos perspectivas no siempre se combinan en los profesionales del canto ni en los de la medicina.
El acto de cantar comienza a nivel cerebral con la intención voluntaria de hacerlo y se produce gracias a la fuente de energía, el aire, que hace vibrar las cuerdas vocales situadas en la laringe para producir el sonido. Dicho sonido se modifica en el tracto vocal permitiendo la articulación del lenguaje y los fenómenos de resonancia de la voz. Todo este proceso está gobernado por la audición, elemento fundamental del canto.
El objetivo de este artículo es revisar los elementos anatómicos que intervienen en todo este proceso, así como explicar los fenómenos fisiológicos que hacen que se produzca la voz cantada.
Analysis Of The Assortment Of Drugs With A Sedative Effect
Authors:   Ds Department Of Pharmaceutical Organization Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan, Sharifovna Xidoyatova Zulfiya , Akramovna Azimova Nozima ,   Assistant, Department Of Pharmaceutical Organization Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan, Takhirovna Azimova Munira ,   Assistant, Department Of Pharmaceutical Organization Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

A content analysis of the pharmaceutical market range of drugs with sedative effect was conducted. In the analysis of drugs with sedative effect, "West trade", "Floromed", "Grand farm", "Tabletka", "Dava", "Shafran farm", "Glucose", "Tetra", "Kobiljon Obidjon", "Pharmacy diabetes", "Navbahor", "777 pharmacy", "999 pharmacy", "pharmacy Malikabonu" pharmacies, the Department of neurology of the II clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy, the State Department of medicines and medical products the basis of the register was. Determination of the share of products of manufacturing enterprises in the pharmaceutical market was the main objective of the study carried out.
Online Passage Of The Practical Lesson On The Topic" Fluid Flow And Biophysical Properties " In The Module System
Authors:   PhD On Physics’ At The Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Jalilov Muxiddin Xalimovich , Narzullayevna Xudoykulova Shoira ,   High Assistant At The Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Jangoboyevich Ergashev Askar ,   Assistant At The Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Jalilov Xusniddin Muxiddinovich ,   Assistant At The Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan, Qamariddnovna Xalikulova Amina ,   2 Course Student At The Samarkand Medical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the transition of "Fluid flow and biophysical properties" in a modular system. The importance of viscosity coefficient in medicine, its application in diagnosis and forensic medical examination is described. However, the Stokes method of finding the viscosity coefficient, the availability of viscometric methods, the application of Gess (VK-4) viscometer in medicine to find the viscosity coefficient are described.
Research On The Choice Of “Ambronat” Syrup Technology
Authors:   Professor, The Department Of Industrial Technology Of Medicines, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan, Mannanovna Yunusova Kholida , Hikmatullaevna Abdijalilova Zilola ,   Doctoral Student (DSc) The Department Of Industrial Technology Of Medicines, Tashkent Pharmaceutical Institute, Uzbekistan
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the study of factors influencing quality indicators in experimental research (identification - analytical) and in determining the quality of the finished product. Dedicated to the research on the selection of the composition of "Ambronate" syrup, it contains the results of research on the selection of excipients and technology, as well as the quality of the finished syrup.
Dengue Vaccine Controversy Awareness, Vaccine Health Literacy, and Vaccine Acceptability among Mothers in Select Rural Communities
Authors: Sumile Earl Francis , Diric John Howell , Dorado Zariah Monica , Dumaua Kate , Ecura Monica Julia Ryven , Dumaya Jose Maria
Published: February 2021

Background: Immunization is a vital public health service that reduces transmission of communicable diseases among population groups. In the Philippines, reports of adverse reaction from the dengue vaccine raised doubts about its safety and efficacy. This in turn can bring about a decline in vaccine acceptability among mothers and later on result to reduced vaccine coverage in the country.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional correlational design were used to explicate the influence of dengue vaccine controversy awareness and vaccine health literacy on vaccine acceptability among mothers. Data were collected among 200 mothers from August – November 2018 in rural communities of Bulacan. Stepwise forward and backward multiple linear regression were done to determine the relationships between the variables of interest.

Results: Majority of the mothers who participated belong to 26-35 year old age bracket and received basic education. Mothers’ functional health literacy (B=0.189, p=0.006) and critical health literacy (B=0.247, p=0.000) revealed a significant relationship to vaccine acceptability. However, the communicative health literacy (B=0.008, p=0.917) showed no significant relationship to vaccine acceptability. Moreover, the dengue vaccine controversy awareness (B=0.057, p=0.415) had no significant relationships to the mothers’ vaccine acceptability.

Conclusion: Health literacy favorably influences vaccine acceptability. Likewise, awareness of controversies surrounding dengue vaccination is not a deterrent to the decision of mothers to continue submitting their children to immunization. Hence, nurses should invest more in educational interventions to promote compliance of communities to the national immunization program and engage stakeholders to support its implementation.
Healthcare Workers Attitude and Stigma among People living withHIV/AIDS (PLHA): A Literature Review
Authors: De los Santos Janet Alexis
Published: February 2021

Background: The concept of stigma and discrimination discussed in literature illuminate patient's experiences in the hands of health care providers. The review aims to assess the existing literature published in internet databases focusing on the personal perception of stigma and discrimination of health care workers as well as the patient's perception of their attitudes that may be stigmatizing and discriminatory.

Methodology: A web-based search was done in the three (3) databases including EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The search utilized five keywords: 'Stigma'; 'Discrimination', 'Perception', HIV/AIDS,' and 'Nurses.' Inclusion criteria includes full-text, peer-reviewed, academic journal in the English language, and published between the years 2013-2018. The studies were screened according to their relevance to the objectives of the study. The quantitative and qualitative checklist of the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers and Joanna Briggs Institute data extraction protocols were utilized by two interrater in the analysis of the literature. The extracted data were synthesized using a table highlighting the key findings of the studies.

Results: A total of fourteen (14) titles were included in the review after evaluating its relevance to the objective and appraising its high quality. Content analysis was done and resulted in the formulation of four themes which include: (1) General Characteristics of the Literature (2) HIV/AIDS Stigma and Discrimination as perceived by health care providers; (3) Perception of health providers' attitude among HIV infected persons; and, (4) the consequences of HIV/AIDS stigma.

Conclusion: The issue of HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination is a significant component that affects patient - care provider interaction. Health care providers understand the role they play in improving the lives of their PLHA patients. Likewise, patients perceive that stigma is existent and tangible in health care facilities. HIV/AIDS stigma is a barrier between the patient and the health care team and can lead to the detriment of the patient's health outcomes and satisfaction.
PENGARUH KOMUNITAS MEREK DAN EKUITAS MEREK TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN
Authors: Syafruddin Muhammad , Junaid Muh. Rusli
Published: February 2021

The type of this research was a survey research with quantitative approach aimed at revealing (i) the effect of brand community on customer loyalty at the community of Karimun Club Makassar, (ii) the effect of brand equity on customer loyalty at the community of Karimun Club Makassar, and (iii) the effect of brand community and brand equity on customer loyalty at the community of Karimun Club Makassar. The population of this research the members of Karimun Club Community of Makassar amounted to 216 people. The sample was 68 people drawn by Slovin formulation. The data were collected by distributing questionnaires and analyzed by multiple regression. The research result indicated that (i) brand community has no effect on customer loyalty at Karimun Club Community of Makassar as proved by the P-value 0.3082 > 0.05 and the regression coefficient value -0.1194, (ii) brand equity has positive effect on customer loyalty at Karimun Club Community of Makassar, as proved by P-value 5.591e-09 > 0.05 and the regression coefficient has positive value 0.7071, (iii) brand community and brand equity have simultaneously effect on customer loyalty, as proved by the statistic value of F-test 22.683 with the significant 0.000, (iv) the value of R2 in this research is 0.3929. it indicates that customer loyalty is affected by both brand community and brand equity amounted to 39%, meanwhile the rest 61% are affected by other unobserved factors.
Occupational Health Assessment of Permanent University Employees in Terms of Clinical Biochemical Data
Authors: SAVAŞ Hasan Basri
Published: February 2021

Aim: Occupational health and safety involves important measures, trainings, and health screenings as defined by law. The existing literature on occupational medicine practices and related clinical laboratory data has considerable room for expansion. The aim of this study is to contribute to the evaluation of workplace medicine practices with original laboratory data.Material and Method: The clinical laboratory data of the workers from the Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Turkey, were analyzed retrospectively. Biochemical test results of a total of 104 permanent worker, 43 women and 61 men, were compared. Statistical analysis results were evaluated and p<0.05 was accepted as the limit of significance.Results: In the statistical analysis based on sex, AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), ALT (Alanine aminotransferase), RBC (Red blood cell), HGB (Hemoglobin), HCT (Hematocrit), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin; Average Cell Hemoglobin), MCV (mean erythrocyte volume), MCHC (Average Cell Hemoglobin Concentration), MONO (Monocyte) and MONO% values are higher in male workers, whereas PLT (platelet), PCT (Percent ratio of platelet cells to other cells), RDW-CV (Erythrocyte distribution width-coefficient variation-coefficient of variation) and RDW-SD (Erythrocyte distribution width-standard deviation) values are higher in female workers (p<0.05).Discussion: In this study, the young age of the participating workers prevented laboratory results to go off the reference range. Values that differ between female and male gender groups are in line with expected differences based on gender. Including the fasting blood glucose values in routine clinical laboratory tests requested within the scope of workplace medicine may be useful in the early diagnosis and prevention of increasingly frequent insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Covid-19 Küresel Salgınının Yaşlı Bireyler Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Merve Ayşe
Published: February 2021

Bulaşıcı hastalıkların ortaya çıktığı dönemlerde tüm insanlar fiziksel, sosyal, ruhsal, ekonomik ve kültürel olarak etkilenmektedir. Hastalığın tam olarak bilinememesi, tedavi ve bakım konusunda belirsizlikler yaşanması, durumu daha da ciddileştirmektedir. Yeni (Novel) COVID-19 virüsü, ilk kez Çin’in Hubei eyaletinin Wuhan şehrinde 2019 yılı Aralık ayında ortaya çıkmıştır. Çin’de başlayan bu salgın hızlıca birçok ülkeye yayılmış ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından da 11 Mart 2020’de pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir.

Yetişkin bireylerde gözlenen non-spesifik belirtiler ateş, öksürük, halsizlik gibi üst solunum yolu hastalıklarına ait belirtiler olup, tablo ağırlaştıkça pnömoni, ağır solunum yetmezliği tarzında bulgular gelişmektedir. Çocuklarda bulgular genellikle asemptomatik veya çok hafif düzeyde bir üst solunum yolu enfeksiyonu şeklinde ortaya çıkmasına rağmen yetişkin ve özellikle de yaşlı bireylerde daha ağır bulgularla hastalık kendini göstermektedir. Çocuklarda pnömoni olgusu nadir görülürken yaşlılarda çoğunlukla rastlanan ve mortaliteye neden olan en önemli bir semptomdur.

Yaşın ilerlemesiyle ortaya çıkan fizyoljik, psikolojik ve sosyal değişimler, yaşlının bir kronik hastalığının ya da komorbid hastalıklarının olması, çoklu ilaç kullanımı gibi durumlar, yaşlıları bu hastalığa daha yatkın hale getirmektedir. Görüldüğü gibi bu hastalığın yaşlılarda ağır semptomlara ve fataliteye neden olması gerekçesiyle yaşlılarda tedbirlerin daha dikkatli ve emin adımlarla alınması gerekmektedir. Hastalıktan korunmada el hijyeni, damlacık ve sosyal izolasyon önlemleri önemlidir. Bu önlemlerin dikkatli ve aksatılmadan uygulanmasının pandemiyi azaltacağı umulmaktadır. COVID-19 virüsünün yaşlı bireyleri daha çok etkilemesi ve yaşlılarda ölümle sonuçlanan bir virüs olması nedeniyle, bu süreçte yaşlı bireyler virüsle mücadele konusunda önemli bir konuma sahip hale gelmiştir.
Chemical Abundances in Sgr A East: Evidence for a Type Iax Supernova Remnant
Authors: Zhou Ping , Leung Shing-Chi , Li Zhiyuan , Nomoto Ken’ichi , Vink Jacco , Chen Yang
Published: February 2021

Recent observations have shown a remarkable diversity of observational behaviors and explosion mechanisms in thermonuclear supernovae (SNe). An emerging class of peculiar thermonuclear SNe, called Type Iax, show photometric and spectroscopic behaviors distinct from normal Type Ia. Their origin remains highly controversial, but pure turbulent deflagration of white dwarfs (WDs) has been regarded as the leading formation theory. The large population of Type Iax indicates the existence of unidentified Galactic Type Iax supernova remnants (SNRs). We report evidence that SNR Sgr A East in the Galactic center resulted from a pure turbulent deflagration of a Chandrasekhar-mass carbon–oxygen WD, an explosion mechanism used for Type Iax SNe. Our X-ray spectroscopic study of Sgr A East using 3 Ms of Chandra data shows a low ratio of intermediate-mass elements to Fe and large Mn/Fe and Ni/Fe ratios. This abundance pattern does not accord with the core-collapse or normal Type Ia models. Sgr A East is thus the first Galactic SNR for which a likely Type Iax origin has been proposed and is the nearest target for studying this peculiar class. We compared Sgr A East with the Fe-rich SNRs 3C 397 and W49B, which also have high Mn and Cr abundances and were claimed to result from deflagration-to-detonation explosions of Chandrasekhar-mass WDs (although with disputes). Our study shows that they have distinct abundance patterns. The X-ray spectroscopic studies of thermonuclear SNRs provide observational evidence for the theories that there are diverse explosion channels and various metal outputs for Chandrasekhar-mass WDs.
The Dynamics of a High Mach Number Quasi-perpendicular Shock: MMS Observations
Authors: Madanian H. , Desai M. I. , Schwartz S. J. , Wilson L. B. , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L. , Contel O. Le , Turner D. L. , Ogasawara K. , Brosius A. L. , Russell C. T. , Ergun R. E. , Ahmadi N. , Gershman D. J. , Lindqvist P.-A.
Published: February 2021

Shock parameters at Earth’s bow shock in rare instances can approach the Mach numbers predicted at supernova remnants. We present our analysis of a high Alfvén Mach number (M
A = 27) shock utilizing multipoint measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft during a crossing of Earth’s quasi-perpendicular bow shock. We find that the shock dynamics are mostly driven by reflected ions, perturbations that they generate, and nonlinear amplification of the perturbations. Our analyses show that reflected ions create modest magnetic enhancements upstream of the shock, which evolve in a nonlinear manner as they traverse the shock foot. They can transform into proto-shocks that propagate at small angles to the magnetic field and toward the bow shock. The nonstationary bow shock shows signatures of both reformation and surface ripples. Our observations indicate that although shock reformation occurs, the main shock layer never disappears. These observations are at high plasma β, a parameter regime that has not been well explored by numerical models.
Analysis of the Unconcentrated Background of the EPIC pn Camera on Board XMM-Newton
Authors: Marelli Martino , Molendi Silvano , Rossetti Mariachiara , Gastaldello Fabio , Salvetti David , De Luca Andrea , Bartalucci Iacopo , Kühl Patrick , Esposito Paolo , Ghizzardi Simona , Tiengo Andrea
Published: February 2021

Our understanding of the background of the EPIC/pn camera on board XMM-Newton is incomplete. This affects the study of extended sources and can influence the predictions of the expected background of future X-ray missions, such as the Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics (ATHENA). Here we provide new results based on the analysis of the largest data set ever used. We focus on the unconcentrated component of the EPIC/pn background, supposedly related to cosmic rays interacting with detector and telescope structures. We show that the so-called out field-of-view region of the pn detector is actually exposed to the sky. After carefully cleaning from the sky contamination, the unconcentrated background measured in the out field-of-view region does not show significant spatial variations, and its time behavior is anticorrelated with the solar cycle. We find a very tight linear correlation between unconcentrated backgrounds detected in the EPIC/pn and EPIC/MOS2 cameras. This relationship permits the correct evaluation of the pn unconcentrated background of each exposure on the basis of MOS2 data, avoiding the use of the contaminated out field-of-view region of the pn, as done in standard techniques. We find a tight linear correlation between the pn unconcentrated background and the proton flux in the 630–970 MeV energy band, as measured by the EPHIN instrument on board SOHO. Through this relationship, we quantify the contribution of cosmic-ray interaction to the pn unconcentrated background. This reveals a second source that contributes to the pn unconcentrated background for a significant fraction (30%–70%). This agent does not depend on the solar cycle or vary with time and is roughly isotropic. After having ruled out several candidates, we find that the hard X-ray photons of the cosmic X-ray background satisfy all known properties of the constant component. Our findings provide an important observational confirmation of simulation results on ATHENA and suggest that a high-energy particle monitor could contribute decisively to the reproducibility of the background for both experiments on ATHENA.
Dependence of the IBEX Ribbon Geometry on Pitch-Angle Scattering outside the Heliopause
Authors: Zirnstein E. J. , Dayeh M. A. , Heerikhuisen J.
Published: February 2021

Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) observations of the “ribbon” of enhanced energetic neutral atom (ENA) fluxes show that it is a persistent feature that approximately forms a circle in the sky, likely formed from secondary ENAs whose source lies outside the heliopause. The IBEX ribbon's geometry (radius and center) depends on ENA energy and is believed to be influenced by the draping of the ISMF and the latitudinal structure of the SW. In this study, we demonstrate that the ribbon's geometry also depends on the pitch-angle scattering rate of ions outside the heliopause, which we simulate under strong and weak-scattering limits. The ribbon radius in the weak-scattering model is ∼4° larger than IBEX observations at most energies, and the strong-scattering model produces radii statistically consistent with IBEX at 1.1–2.7 keV. The simulated ribbon center is shifted between ∼2° and 5° along the B–V plane away from the IBEX center for the weak and strong limits, respectively, suggesting that the pristine ISMF far from the heliosphere is shifted ∼2°–5° away from our simulated ISMF toward the VLISM inflow direction. However, the magnitude needs to be decreased from ∼3 to 2 μG for the weak-scattering model to be consistent with the IBEX ribbon radius, which seems unlikely. We also find that the presence of interstellar He does not significantly affect the ribbon in the strong-scattering limit but yields weaker agreement with data in the weak limit. Our results slightly favor the strong-scattering limit for the ribbon's origin.
Precision Weak Gravitational Lensing Using Velocity Fields: Fisher Matrix Analysis
Authors: Wittman David , Self Matthew
Published: February 2021

Weak gravitational lensing measurements based on photometry are limited by shape noise: the variance in the unknown unlensed orientations of the source galaxies. If the source is a disk galaxy with a well-ordered velocity field, however, velocity field data can support simultaneous inference of the shear, inclination, and position angle, virtually eliminating shape noise. We use the Fisher information matrix formalism to forecast the precision of this method in the idealized case of a perfectly ordered velocity field defined on an infinitesimally thin disk. For nearly face-on targets, one shear component, γ
×, can be constrained to

, where I
0 is the signal-to-noise ratio of the central intensity pixel and n
pix is the number of pixels across a diameter enclosing 80% of the light. This precision degrades with inclination angle by a factor of 3 by i = 50°. The uncertainty on the other shear component, γ
+, is about 1.5 (7) times larger than the γ
× uncertainty for targets at i = 10° (50°). For an arbitrary galaxy position angle on the sky, these forecasts apply not to γ
+ and γ
× as defined on the sky but to two eigenvectors in (γ
+, γ
×, μ) space, where μ is the magnification. We also forecast the potential of less expensive partial observations of the velocity field, such as slit spectroscopy. We conclude by outlining some ways in which real galaxies depart from our idealized model and thus create random or systematic uncertainties not captured here. In particular, our forecast γ
× precision is currently limited only by the data quality rather than scatter in galaxy properties because the relevant type of scatter has yet to be measured.