bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Static spherically symmetric black hole’s solution in Einstein–Maxwell–Yang–Mills-dilaton theory
Authors: Stetsko M. M.
Published: January 2021

In this work a static spherically symmetric black hole’s solution within the Einstein–Maxwell–Yang–Mills-dilaton theory is derived. The obtained solution is examined, in particular, we have calculated the Kretschmann scalar which allowed us to characterize singularity points. Using the obtained black hole’s solution we have studied its thermodynamics. Namely, the temperature was calculated, the first law was written, and the heat capacity was studied. The extended thermodynamics approach is utilized to obtain the equation of state. Within the extended thermodynamics the Gibbs free energy is derived and investigated. The analysis of the Gibbs free energy shows that below the critical temperature besides the first-order phase transition in addition the zeroth-order phase transition occurs, what is typical for other types of black holes with dilaton fields. Finally, we have shown that the critical exponents take the same values as for other types of the dilaton black holes.
New equation of nonrelativistic physics and theory of dark matter
Authors: Musielak Z. E.
Published: January 2021

Two infinite sets of Galilean invariant equations are derived using the irreducible representations of the orthochronous extended Galilean group. It is shown that one set contains the Schrödinger equation, which is the fundamental equation for ordinary matter, and the other set has a new asymmetric equation, which is proposed to be the fundamental equation for dark matter. Using this new equation, a theory of dark matter is developed and its profound physical implications are discussed. This theory explains the currently known properties of dark matter and also predicts a detectable gravitational radiation.
A review of the semantic web field
Authors: Hitzler Pascal
Published: January 2021

Tracing the triumphs and challenges of two decades of Semantic Web research and applications.
DP-cryptography
Authors: Wagh Sameer , He Xi , Machanavajjhala Ashwin , Mittal Prateek
Published: January 2021

Synthesizing the emerging directions of research at the intersection of differential privacy and cryptography.
Moore's Law
Authors: Edwards Chris
Published: January 2021

Moore's Law challenges point to changes in software.
Technological responses to COVID-19
Authors: Kirkpatrick Keith
Published: January 2021

Companies are finding new ways to enforce social distancing, clean public spaces, and provide substitutes for human workers.
The state of virtual reality hardware
Authors: Kugler Logan
Published: January 2021

Advances in VR hardware could finally take the technology mainstream.
Bringing stability to wireless connections
Authors: Hoffmann Leah
Published: January 2021

2020 Marconi Prize recipient Andrea Goldsmith on MIMO technologies, millimeter-wave communications, and her goals as the new dean of Princeton University's School of Engineering and Applied Science.
Introduction to this special issue
Authors: Züfle Andreas , Werner Martin
Published: January 2021

The 28th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL 2020) was originally planned to take place in Beijing, China. Due to the coronavirus outbreak, the conference was first moved to Seattle, Washington, USA and then transitioned into a fully virtual conference. This newsletter provides event and experience reports of the organizers of the main conference and the ten satellite workshops.
The 2nd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Geospatial Data Access and Processing APIs (SpatialAPI 2020)
Authors: Eldawy Ahmed , Hobona Gobe
Published: January 2021

With the increasing amount of publicly available geospatial data, the demand on spatial data exploration and analysis kept growing. The SIGSPATIAL community is both a provider of new systems with cutting-edge technology on accessing and processing geospatial data, and a user for all these systems. The SpatialAPI workshop is designed to help the SIGSPATIAL community by growing the knowledge of the existing well-established systems that are available for accessing and processing geospatial data. This includes, but is not limited to, web APIs, programming libraries, database systems, and geospatial extensions to existing systems.
The 5th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Safety and Resilience
Authors: Zhang Hui , Huang Yan , Thill Jean-Claude , Guo Danhuai , Liu Yi , Chen Bin , Xu Wei
Published: January 2021

Safety is vital for people and emergency management helps keep people safe. Emergency management includes four stages: Planning and Mitigation, Preparedness, Response and Recovery. Geospatial applications (including GIS) have been extensively used in each stage of emergency management. Nowadays, on the technical side, artificial intelligence tools like deep learning could be put to good use. For example, one of the main benefits of deep learning over various machine learning algorithms is its ability to generate new features from limited series of features located in the training dataset. Therefore, deep learning algorithms can create new tasks to solve current ones. Decision-makers can utilize the geospatial information to develop planning and mitigation strategies with such advanced techniques. GIS models and simulation capabilities are used to exercise response and recovery plans during non-disaster times. They help the decision-makers sense the near real-time possibilities during an event. Once disaster occurs, GIS will take effect in real time response and recovery activities.
Similarities and Dissimilarities of COVID-19 and Other Coronavirus Diseases
Authors: Fung To Sing , Liu Ding Xiang
Published: January 2021

In less than two decades, three deadly zoonotic coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and SARS-CoV-2, have emerged in humans, causing SARS, MERS, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respectively. The current COVID-19 pandemic poses an unprecedented crisis in health care and social and economic development. It reinforces the cruel fact that CoVs are constantly evolving, possessing the genetic malleability to become highly pathogenic in humans. In this review, we start with an overview of CoV diseases and the molecular virology of CoVs, focusing on similarities and differences between SARS-CoV-2 and its highly pathogenic as well as low-pathogenic counterparts. We then discuss mechanisms underlying pathogenesis and virus-host interactions of SARS-CoV-2 and other CoVs, emphasizing the host immune response. Finally, we summarize strategies adopted for the prevention and treatment of CoV diseases and discuss approaches to develop effective antivirals and vaccines.
Effects of Laser-Powder Bed Fusion Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of AlSi10Mg Alloy
Authors: Rafieazad Mehran , Fathi Parisa , Mohammadi Mohsen , Nasiri Ali
Published: January 2021

In this study, the effects of microstructural modifications induced by tuning the laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBD) process parameters on electrochemical stability of the L-PBF-AlSi10Mg alloy are investigated. Three groups of L-PBF-AlSi10Mg samples were fabricated utilizing combinations of L-PBF process parameters for their Upskin layers. The implemented process parameters modifications were found to be not only effective in reducing the as-printed surface roughness of the components, but also led to the formation of cyclic small-large melt pools (MPs) in Upskin layers of the fabricated samples. Such consecutive modification in the size of MPs led to the increased inhomogeneity of the microstructure, contributing to the formation of a coarser intercellular eutectic-Si network, larger grain size, and lower density of low angle grain boundaries. Among all fabricated samples, the sample that experienced the fastest cooling during solidification was found to reveal the highest corrosion resistance and the best passive film stability on its Upskin surface both in naturally-aerated and deaerated 3.5 wt.% NaCl electrolyte, owing to the finer Al-Si eutectic structure that forms along its large MP-boundaries. The as-printed microstructure of the L-PBF-AlSi10Mg was found a dominant factor in determining the necessity of applying post-printing surface polishing procedures to attain better corrosion properties.
Aldosterone sensitivity: an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis of hypertension
Authors: Gray Zachary , Tu Wanzhu , Chertow Glenn M. , Bhalla Vivek
Published: January 2021

Aldosterone sensitivity is defined as an outcome variable for a given circulating level of aldosterone. In basic and translational studies, aldosterone sensitivity has been measured in differential tissue responses, e.g., lower urine sodium and higher urine potassium, as an index of the renal response; in clinical studies, aldosterone sensitivity has been measured in differential blood pressure responses. The concept of aldosterone sensitivity disrupts the conventional wisdom of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and has the potential to uncover novel mechanisms of hypertension. Here, we review basic and translational science studies that uncovered differential renal responses to aldosterone and connect this earlier work to more recent observational studies and randomized trials that have demonstrated differential blood pressure responses for a given level of aldosterone in healthy and hypertensive persons. Black race and older age are associated with higher aldosterone sensitivity and blood pressure. We also discuss gaps in the field and how future basic and clinical studies might inform mechanisms of differential sensitivity.
Restoration of afferent arteriolar autoregulatory behavior in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat kidneys
Authors: Feng Wenguang , Remedies Colton E. , Obi Ijeoma E. , Aldous Stephen R. , Meera Samia I. , Sanders Paul W. , Inscho Edward W. , Guan Zhengrong
Published: January 2021

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) leads to renal microvascular dysfunction manifested by impaired afferent arteriolar autoregulatory efficiency. Acute administration of scavengers of reactive oxygen species, polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase, or polyethylene glycol-catalase following renal IR restored afferent arteriolar autoregulatory capability in IR rats, indicating that renal IR led to reversible impairment of afferent arteriolar autoregulatory capability. Intervention with antioxidant treatment following IR may improve outcomes in patients by preserving renovascular autoregulatory function and potentially preventing the progression to chronic kidney disease after acute kidney injury.
WNK4 kinase: from structure to physiology
Authors: Murillo-de-Ozores Adrián Rafael , Rodríguez-Gama Alejandro , Carbajal-Contreras Héctor , Gamba Gerardo , Castañeda-Bueno María
Published: January 2021

With no lysine kinase-4 (WNK4) belongs to a serine-threonine kinase family characterized by the atypical positioning of its catalytic lysine. Despite the fact that WNK4 has been found in many tissues, the majority of its study has revolved around its function in the kidney, specifically as a positive regulator of the thiazide-sensitive NaCl cotransporter (NCC) in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron. This is explained by the description of gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding WNK4 that causes familial hyperkalemic hypertension. This disease is mainly driven by increased downstream activation of the Ste20/SPS1-related proline-alanine-rich kinase/oxidative stress responsive kinase-1-NCC pathway, which increases salt reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule and indirectly impairs renal K+ secretion. Here, we review the large volume of information that has accumulated about different aspects of WNK4 function. We first review the knowledge on WNK4 structure and enumerate the functional domains and motifs that have been characterized. Then, we discuss WNK4 physiological functions based on the information obtained from in vitro studies and from a diverse set of genetically modified mouse models with altered WNK4 function. We then review in vitro and in vivo evidence on the different levels of regulation of WNK4. Finally, we go through the evidence that has suggested how different physiological conditions act through WNK4 to modulate NCC activity.
Impact of Postmastectomy Radiotherapy on Locoregional Control and Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Yanyu , Zhang Yaotian , Liu Zhuang , Qin Zilan , Li Yubing , Zhao Jiaming , Ma Xinchi , Yang Qiankun , Han Ning , Zeng Xue , Guo Hong , Zhang Na
Published: January 2021

Background. The impact of postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the patients who may benefit from PMRT. Methods. We retrospectively analysed patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer who underwent NAC and modified radical mastectomy at our centre from 2007 to 2015. We investigated the relationship amongst locoregional recurrence rate (LRR), disease-free survival (DFS), and clinical pathological characters. Results. A total of 554 patients were analysed in this study. The median follow-up time was 65 months. Amongst the patients, 58 (10.5%) had locoregional recurrence, 138 (24.9%) had distant metastasis, and 72 (13.0%) patients died. The 5-year cumulative incidence of LRR and DFS was 9.2% and 74.2%, respectively. A total of 399 (72%) patients received PMRT and 155 (28%) did not. The 5-year LRR of the patients with PMRT (7.3% vs. 14.1%,

P
=
0.01

) decreased significantly. We found that PMRT was an independent prognostic factor of LRR and DFS. Patients with the persistent involvement of 1–3 lymph nodes (ypN1) and more than 4 positive lymph nodes (ypN2-3) had a better outcome after PMRT than those without. However, the LRR and DFS of patients with negative lymph nodes at the time of surgery (ypN0) and who received PMRT showed no significant benefits. Amongst all patients with the three molecular subtypes of breast cancer, patients with triple-negative breast cancer had the highest pathological complete response rate but the worst prognosis (

P
=
0.001

). Conclusion. Results showed that PMRT significantly reduced the LRR of patients with clinical stage II-III breast cancer after receiving NAC and mastectomy. YpN0 patients derived no local control or survival benefit after receiving PMRT, whereas those with ypN1 and ypN2-3 could obviously benefit from PMRT.
Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of Zinc Ion‐Contaminated Red Clay
Authors: Li Jiaming , Tang Shibin , Chen Xuejun
Published: January 2021

To study the effects of different concentrations of zinc ions on the mechanical strength, material composition, and microstructure of red clay, a triaxial test, an x‐ray diffraction test, an x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry test, a scanning electron microscopy test, and a mercury intrusion test were carried out on contaminated soil to investigate the mechanisms of zinc ion‐contaminated red clay. The results show that the higher the concentration of zinc ions, the smaller the shear strength and cohesion of the red clay. The internal friction angle is increased first and then decreased. From material composition, zinc ion makes montmorillonite and hemite disappear in red clay. With the increase of zinc ion concentration, quartz semiquantitative increase and kaolinite semiquantitative decrease and the content of SiO2, Fe2O3, and Na2O reduces. Microscopically, the structure of red clay changes from floc structure to granular and aggregate structure after the zinc ions are added, while the contact of the particles is converted to point contact. With the increase of the concentration of zinc ions, the porosity and the fractal dimension of the red clay gradually increase, and the stability of the granular structure is weakened.
Schiff Bases of Isatin and Adamantane-1-Carbohydrazide: Synthesis, Characterization and Anticonvulsant Activity
Authors: Osman Hind M. , Elsaman Tilal , Yousef Bashir A. , Elhadi Esraa , Ahmed Aimun A. E. , Eltayib Eyman Mohamed , Mohamed Malik Suliman , Mohamed Magdi Awadalla
Published: January 2021

Epilepsy is the most common neurological condition and cause of substantial morbidity and mortality. In the present study, the molecular hybridization tool was adopted to obtain six Schiff bases of isatin and adamantane-1-carbohydrazide (18–23). Then, their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated using pentylenetetrazole- (PTZ-) induced seizure model using phenobarbitone as a positive control. Our findings showed that compounds 18–23 provided significant protection against PTZ-induced seizure, and maximum activities were associated with compound 23. Moreover, all investigated compounds increased the latency of induced convulsion and reduced the duration of epilepsy with compound 23 being the best. Interestingly, most of the synthesized molecules showed reduction in neurological symptoms and severity of the seizure. Molecular docking studies suggest GABA-A receptor as a potential target, and in silico ADME screening revealed that the pharmaceutical properties of compound 23 are within the specified limit. Thus, compound 23 was identified as a promising candidate that warrants further drug discovery processes.
The Impact of Education and Physical Therapy on Oral Behaviour in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorder: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Xu Lili , Cai Bin , Lu Shenji , Fan Shuai , Dai Kerong
Published: January 2021

Patient education is important in the treatment of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), but little is known about its effect on oral behaviors. We aimed to determine the dominant oral behaviours in patients with TMD and assess the impact of education on such behaviours. Between July 2018 and April 2019, 54 patients diagnosed with TMD according to DC/TMD were recruited. They received physical therapy and were provided education on TMD and offered a list of recommendations for improving their oral behaviours. The patient education process usually lasted for 10–20 min. Of these patients, 48 were reexamined at the outpatient clinic, 3–9 months posttreatment. We recorded the Oral Behaviour Checklist (OBC) score, maximum painless mouth opening (mm), visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain, and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS) score pre‐ and posttreatment. Wilcoxon signed rank test and paired sample t‐test were used for statistical analysis. Results showed that the most dominant oral behaviours included “putting pressure on the jaw” (59.3%); “chewing food on one side” (46.3%); “pressing, touching, or holding teeth together at times other than eating” (33.3%); and “eating between meals” (33.3%). Posttreatment, the patients reported a decrease in “chewing gum” (P = 0.002), “leaning with the hand on the jaw” (P = 0.013), “chewing food on one side” (P ≤ 0.001), and “eating between meals” (P = 0.007), but this change was not significant in subgroups with a follow‐up interval of 9 months. We also observed a significant improvement in the maximum painless mouth opening (P ≤ 0.001), JFLS score (P ≤ 0.001), and VAS score (P ≤ 0.001) for pain, posttreatment. In conclusion, patient education can facilitate management of oral behaviours and should be targeted towards specific oral behaviours.
Hamilton Connectivity of Convex Polytopes with Applications to Their Detour Index
Authors: Hayat Sakander , Khan Asad , Khan Suliman , Liu Jia-Bao
Published: January 2021

A connected graph is called Hamilton‐connected if there exists a Hamiltonian path between any pair of its vertices. Determining whether a graph is Hamilton‐connected is an NP‐complete problem. Hamiltonian and Hamilton‐connected graphs have diverse applications in computer science and electrical engineering. The detour index of a graph is defined to be the sum of lengths of detours between all the unordered pairs of vertices. The detour index has diverse applications in chemistry. Computing the detour index for a graph is also an NP‐complete problem. In this paper, we study the Hamilton‐connectivity of convex polytopes. We construct three infinite families of convex polytopes and show that they are Hamilton‐connected. An infinite family of non‐Hamilton‐connected convex polytopes is also constructed, which, in turn, shows that not all convex polytopes are Hamilton‐connected. By using Hamilton connectivity of these families of graphs, we compute exact analytical formulas of their detour index.
Real‐World Experience of Safety of Mycophenolate Mofetil in 119 Japanese Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Retrospective Single‐Center Study
Authors: Abe Yoshiyuki , Tada Kurisu , Yamaji Ken , Tamura Naoto
Published: January 2021

Objectives. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is the standard treatment for lupus nephritis. In Japan, it was approved for lupus nephritis in 2015. We investigated its real‐world safety and effectiveness in Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. We analyzed the continuation rate, adverse events, and reasons for discontinuation of MMF in Japanese patients with SLE in a retrospective single‐center study. We included 119 patients who received MMF from 31 July 2015 to 31 May 2019. To compare demographic and clinical characteristics between groups, the Mann–Whitney U‐test was used for nonnormally distributed variables. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s exact test. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted for the discontinuation rate of MMF. Results. Patients consisted of 18 males and 101 females. Thirty‐five patients discontinued MMF. The cumulative discontinuation rate was 42.4%. Twenty‐nine patients discontinued MMF due to adverse events, and six patients discontinued MMF due to remission of SLE or desire for childbearing. At the time of the last observation, the lupus low disease activity state achievement rate was significantly lower in patients who experienced adverse events than those who did not (64% vs. 35%, P = 0.009). We examined the concentration of mycophenolate acid (trough level) in stored frozen serum in 11 patients. Two patients had irreversible complications due to viral meningitis; their trough mycophenolate acid concentrations were 8.3 and 6.3 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions. Although MMF may be effective in Japanese patients with SLE, physicians should pay attention to infections in patients with high mycophenolate acid concentrations.
Identification of Three Significant Genes Associated with Immune Cells Infiltration in Dysfunctional Adipose Tissue-Induced Insulin-Resistance of Obese Patients via Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: Zhai Ming , Luan Peipei , Shi Yefei , Li Bo , Kang Jianhua , Hu Fan , Li Mingjie , Du Lei , Zhou Donglei , Jian Weixia , Peng Wenhui
Published: January 2021

Background. Low-grade chronic inflammation in dysfunctional adipose tissue links obesity with insulin resistance through the activation of tissue-infiltrating immune cells. Numerous studies have reported on the pathogenesis of insulin-resistance. However, few studies focused on genes from genomic database. In this study, we would like to explore the correlation of genes and immune cells infiltration in adipose tissue via comprehensive bioinformatics analyses and experimental validation in mice and human adipose tissue. Methods. Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE27951, GSE55200, and GSE26637) of insulin-resistant individuals or type 2 diabetes patients and normal controls were downloaded to get differently expressed genes (DEGs), and GO and KEGG pathway analyses were performed. Subsequently, we integrated DEGs from three datasets and constructed commonly expressed DEGs’ PPI net-works across datasets. Center regulating module of DEGs and hub genes were screened through MCODE and cytoHubba in Cytoscape. Three most significant hub genes were further analyzed by GSEA analysis. Moreover, we verified the predicted hub genes by performing RT qPCR analysis in animals and human samples. Besides, the relative fraction of 22 immune cell types in adipose tissue was detected by using the deconvolution algorithm of CIBERSORT (Cell Type Identification by Estimating Relative Subsets of RNA Transcripts). Furthermore, based on the significantly changed types of immune cells, we performed correlation analysis between hub genes and immune cells. And, we performed immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analysis to verify that the hub genes were associated with adipose tissue macrophages (ATM). Results. Thirty DEGs were commonly expressed across three datasets, most of which were upregulated. DEGs mainly participated in the process of multiple immune cells’ infiltration. In protein-protein interaction network, we identified CSF1R, C1QC, and TYROBP as hub genes. GSEA analysis suggested high expression of the three hub genes was correlated with immune cells functional pathway’s activation. Immune cell infiltration and correlation analysis revealed that there were significant positive correlations between TYROBP and M0 macrophages, CSF1R and M0 macrophages, Plasma cells, and CD8 T cells. Finally, hub genes were associated with ATMs infiltration by experimental verification. Conclusions. This article revealed that CSF1R, C1QC, and TYROBP were potential hub genes associated with immune cells’ infiltration and the function of proinflammation, especially adipose tissue macrophages, in the progression of obesity-induced diabetes or insulin-resistance.
Self‐Confirming Biased Beliefs in Organizational “Learning by Doing”
Authors: Park Sanghyun , Puranam Phanish
Published: January 2021

Learning by doing, a change in beliefs (and consequently behaviour) due to experience, is crucial to the adaptive behaviours of organizations as well as the individuals that inhabit them. In this review paper, we summarise different pathologies of learning noted in past literature using a common underlying mechanism based on self‐confirming biased beliefs. These are inaccurate beliefs about the environment that are self‐confirming because acting upon these beliefs prevents their falsification. We provide a formal definition for self‐confirming biased beliefs as an attractor that can lock learning by doing systems into suboptimal actions and provide illustrations based on simulations. We then compare and distinguish self‐confirming biased beliefs from other related theoretical constructs, including confirmation bias, self‐fulfilling prophecies, and sticking points, and underscore that self‐confirming biased beliefs underlie inefficient self‐confirming equilibria and hot‐stove effects. Lastly, we highlight two fundamental ways to escape self‐confirming biased beliefs: taking actions inconsistent with beliefs (i.e., exploration) and getting information on unchosen actions (i.e., counterfactuals).
Impact of Anesthetic Agents on Endothelial Glycocalyx Injury during Total Knee Arthroplasty: Desflurane‐ vs. Propofol‐Based Anesthesia—A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Oh Chung-Sik , Choi Ji Min , Park Eun Hi , Piao Liyun , Park Hyun-Jun , Rhee Ka-Young , Kim Seong-Hyop
Published: January 2021

Background. Ischemia‐reperfusion injury and inflammation after tourniquet deflation in total knee arthroplasty are known to be associated with endothelial glycocalyx (EG) injury. This study is aimed at comparing EG injury between desflurane‐ and propofol‐based anesthesia in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Materials and Methods. Patients were allocated to the desflurane group or propofol group. The opioid remifentanil was administered intraoperatively in both groups. Blood samples were obtained from the arterial line preoperatively, immediately before and 5 min after tourniquet deflation, and at 1, 6, and 24 h, postoperatively. Serum syndecan‐1, cytokines (interleukin‐1β, 6, 10, and tumour necrosis factor‐α), and other laboratory values were investigated. Results. Eighty patients were included in the final analysis. The change in syndecan‐1 did not significantly differ between the desflurane and propofol groups (peak median level of syndecan‐1; 754.5 pg/ml vs. 780.3 pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.512). Laboratory values (serum cytokines, creatinine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate levels) were also similar between the two groups. Pulmonary oxygenation was briefly improved after tourniquet deflation in the desflurane group but was similar between the two groups begging at 1 h, postoperatively. Conclusions. The effect of desflurane was not superior to that of propofol in protecting the EG from ischemia‐reperfusion injury during total knee arthroplasty. This trial is registered with Trial Registry Number NCT02756715 (http://clinicaltrials.gov).
The Clinical Features of Graves’ Orbitopathy with Elevated Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Fan Shu-Xian , Zeng Peng , Li Zi-Jing , Wang Jing , Liang Jia-Qi , Liao Yun-Ru , Hu Yu-Xin , Xu Ming-Tong , Wang Mei
Published: January 2021

Background. To investigate the clinical characteristics of Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) using the European Group of Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) system. Methods. In this retrospective study, the clinical data of GO patients with elevated IOP (≥21 mmHg) were collected in Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital from January 2010 to June 2016. The demographic characteristics, clinical history of thyroid disease and GO, and ocular examination data were evaluated, and the activity and severity of GO were classified. Results. Data were collected from 58 eyes of 39 patients. The durations of thyroid disease and GO were 15.9 ± 18.9 months and 7.5 ± 6.2 months, respectively. The average IOP was 24.8 ± 5.3 mmHg (range: 21–55 mmHg). No significant difference in IOP was observed between active and inactive eyes. Eight eyes (13.8%), 29 eyes (50.0%), and 21 eyes (36.2%) were graded as mild, moderate-severe, and sight-threatening disease, respectively, according to the EUGOGO classification. The IOP was not significantly different among the three EUGOGO grades. No glaucomatous optic nerve damage or visual field defects were found. Conclusion. Increased IOP was evident for every grade of GO severity and activity of the EUGOGO system. IOP, glaucomatous optic nerve damage, and visual fields must be evaluated regularly during follow-up evaluations, regardless of the degree of activity and severity of GO.
Anisakiasis of the Terminal Ileum Removed by Colonoscopy
Authors: Okamoto Takeshi , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: January 2021

A 35-year-old Japanese man with no significant medical history presented to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting 35 h after ingesting raw horse mackerel, sardines, and tuna. Computed tomography of the abdomen with intravenous contrast revealed significant thickening of the terminal ileum with mild proximal dilatation and moderate ascites. On colonoscopy, an actively moving anisakis larva was discovered in the terminal ileum. The larva was removed with endoscopic forceps. The patient’s symptoms resolved quickly following the procedure.
Vitiligo-Like Depigmentation following Treatment with Imiquimod 5% Cream for Condylomata Acuminata
Authors: Alatabani Maram , Ghobara Yasser , Alissa Ahmed
Published: January 2021

Imiquimod cream is an immunomodulatory agent that has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of anogenital warts (condylomata acuminata) due to its local immune effects in activating Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 on antigen-presenting cells, resulting in reduction of the viral load of human papillomavirus with subsequent wart regression. After its application, some side effects are commonly reported, including erythema, edema, scaling, erosion, and ulceration. While pigmentary changes, including vitiligo-like depigmentation, have been mentioned as a possible side effect, they have rarely been reported in the literature. Alterations in pigmentation occur because imiquimod application causes human melanocyte apoptosis and autodestruction resulting in loss of melanocytes. Herein, we report the rare case of a 34-year-old healthy male who developed vitiligo-like depigmentation following imiquimod application for his genital warts. This case report aims to increase physicians’ awareness of this possible side effect that could be irreversible and difficult for the patient to accept.
Biliary Peritonitis Caused by Spontaneous Bile Duct Rupture in the Left Triangular Ligament of the Liver after Endoscopic Sphincterotomy for Choledocholithiasis
Authors: Fukui Taro , Chochi Takeshi , Maeda Toru , Lee Chunyong , Wada Yohnosuke , Ohashi Masaki , Tashiro Jun , Arai Masahiro , Kurata Morito , Yoshida Takayoshi , Konishi Fumio
Published: January 2021

Spontaneous bile duct rupture is a rare condition in adults, with only 70 cases reported. Increased bile duct wall pressure may lead to rupture and biliary peritonitis. In this patient, the bile duct ruptured in the hepatic left triangular ligament. A 91-year-old man underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for choledocholithiasis and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) placement. One week later, removal of the ERBD and common bile duct stones and an endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) were performed. Four days later, the patient had abdominal pain, increased inflammatory reaction, and jaundice. Abdominal computed tomography showed ascites, bile duct dilatation and fluid collection under the liver (10 cm in diameter). Emergency surgery was performed to drain the fluid. On laparotomy, encapsulated biliary ascites was seen. To search for the site of the leak, after cholecystectomy, a tube (C-tube) was inserted into the common bile duct via cystic duct stump. Because of uncontrollable bleeding, after packing with surgical gauze, the operation was temporarily stopped. The next day, reoperation was performed. Intraoperative cholangiography with contrast dye revealed the perforation site in the left triangular ligament and a partial resection was performed. Bile excretion from the C-tube was subsequently observed, but the patient’s jaundice did not improve. Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed that the EST site was normal, ERBD was placed again, and the jaundice gradually improved. Although EST was performed in this case, biliary peritonitis resulting from spontaneous bile duct rupture occurred. This case was very informative because biliary perforation may occur even after EST.
Blastic Mantle Cell Lymphoma of the Gastroesophageal Junction: A Unique Presentation and Literature Review
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed M. , Vossough Sima
Published: January 2021

Although vast, the medical literature is deficient in reports of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) involvement of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We present the unique case of a 76-year-old male who presented with worsening dysphagia, weight loss, and heartburn and who was found to have blastic variant of MCL in the GEJ. He had undergone extensive workup in the past for an ulcerative, gastric/GEJ lesion, found on four separate esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGDs) and two esophageal ultrasounds, whose biopsies were repeatedly negative for malignancy. On admission, physical examination and labs were unremarkable, but computed tomography showed an irregular mass involving the GEJ. EGD on admission showed a large friable, ulcerated lesion with heaped-up margins involving the GEJ whose biopsies showed histological and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings consistent with blastic MCL. A bone marrow biopsy showed minimal involvement (<5%) of CD5+/CD23+ B cells and was negative for both cyclin D1 and t(11;14). The biopsy of the lesion was diffusely infiltrated by atypical lymphocytes with prominent nucleoli and IHC stains positive for CD20, cyclin D1, BCL-2, and BCL-6 as well as a Ki-67 proliferative index >90%, all consistent with blastic MCL, a rare and aggressive subtype of MCL. He was started on guideline-based chemoimmunotherapy as he was not a candidate for stem cell transplantation. Repeat imaging 1 year later showed improvement of the mass, with negative endoscopic biopsies for lymphoma. This case provides additional distinct features to the various clinical presentations associated with this rare proliferative disorder, thereby enhancing the medical literature on MCL.
A Case of Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy: Pathophysiology and Serum Cytokine Profile
Authors: Ishikawa-Nishimura Mai , Kondo Makoto , Matsushima Yoshiaki , Habe Koji , Yamanaka Keiichi
Published: January 2021

We report a case of pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP) starting with target lesions on both forearms at the end of second pregnancy. The patient’s target lesions became generalized itchy edematous eczema lesions especially on her abdomen extended by pregnancy, which immediately disappeared postpartum. The mechanism PUPPP has not been elucidated so far; however, the typical target lesion was the initial phenotype in the current case. To approach the pathophysiology of PUPPP, we examined the cytokine profile in the patient’s serum before and after delivery. The upregulated Th2 cytokine profile including IL-9 and IL-33, and the reaction against skin-resident bacteria and fungus might be involved in PUPPP.
Patient Preferences: Results of a German Adaptive Choice-Based Conjoint Analysis (Market Research Study Sponsored by Eli Lilly and Company) in Patients on Palliative Treatment for Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Reinisch Mattea , Marschner Norbert , Otto Thorsten , Korfel Agnieszka , Stoffregen Clemens , Wöckel Achim
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Integration of patient preferences into shared decision making improves disease-related outcomes, but such data from patients with advanced breast cancer (aBC) are limited. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the relative importance of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in relation to quality of life (QoL) and therapy-associated side effects from the perspective of patients with aBC. Methods: Postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative aBC receiving first- or second-line treatment were recruited throughout Germany. Patient-relevant attributes for aBC therapy assessment were collected using a stepwise multimodal approach. A conjoint matrix was developed, resulting in 2 attributes for therapy goals (OS and PFS), 4 for QoL, and 6 for side effects. An online quantitative survey was then performed using adaptive choice-based conjoint (ACBC) methodology. Results: The quantitative survey included 104 patients: 67 (64.4%) receiving first-line treatment and 37 (35.6%) receiving second-line treatment. The QoL attribute “physical agility and mobility” received the highest utility score (19.4 of 100%), reflecting the greatest importance to patients, followed by treatment goals (OS [15.2%] and PFS [14.4%]). Therapy-related side effects were less important, with nausea/vomiting being the most important (9.3%), followed by infection (6.4%) and hair loss (5.0%). The McFadden pseudo R2 (0.805), the root likelihood (0.864), and the χ2 test (2,809.041; p < 0.0001) indicated a very good fit of the statistical model. Conclusion: Using ACBC analysis, it appears that QoL, OS, and PFS are most important to postmenopausal patients with aBC in relation to cancer treatment. Side effects seem to be less important if OS or PFS are prolonged and the QoL is maintained. Thus, QoL, OS, and PFS should be considered equally when making treatment decisions in aBC.
Smart power grid vulnerability analysis in composite system through power grid modelling
Authors: Samanta Shouvik Kumar , Chanda Chandan Kumar
Published: January 2021

Though the number of traditional literature reviews most of the researchers in this area have concluded that modern intelligent electric network a referred standard new model which is considering for proposed power flow model analysis of Smart power grid vulnerability through composite network. By the theorem of Max-Flow and complex power network theorems that are represented the advance vulnerability indices for pick out endangered lines of the smart grid network. In other hand, the power flow model and existing models simulation are examined on the IEEE 39-bus test model. The results of the simulation introduced that the proposed concept of grid model, estimation and the index application are more adequate in smart grid weakness power and efficiency analysis. In this paper briefly summarize the methods and probabilities of a vulnerability index which was explained in specific in references. Therefore, it is imperative to further implement new models and new tools so as to reach the novel state and moderate the huge or massive potential shutoff.
Supplier side optimal bidding strategy for electricity market using bacterial foraging optimization algorithm
Authors: L Uday Sriram , Raju Siva Naga , Karri Chandram
Published: January 2021

In this article, bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) algorithm is developed for single side optimal bidding strategy in an electricity market. Optimal bidding strategy is one of the important functions in the electricity market along with forecasting of the electricity price and the profit based unit commitment. The prime objective of generating company (Genco) is to maximize their profit when they participate in the bidding process. The BFO algorithm has been used to maximize the probability density function (pdf). In the second stage the BFO algorithm is again applied to maximize the profit of the suppliers. The Proposed algorithm is developed in MATLAB (Version, 2019) and tested on standard test case available in the literature. Also, the simulation results are presented and compared. It is noticed that the proposed method yields the best results in terms of profit.
Effect of Reducing Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Blood Pressure
Authors: Hudda Neelakshi , Eliasziw Misha , Hersey Scott O. , Reisner Ellin , Brook Robert D. , Zamore Wig , Durant John L. , Brugge Doug
Published: January 2021

Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) may contribute to increased prevalence of hypertension and elevated blood pressure (BP) for residents of near-highway neighborhoods. Relatively few studies have investigated the effects of reducing TRAP exposure on short-term changes in BP. We assessed whether reducing indoor TRAP concentrations by using stand-alone high-efficiency particulate arrestance (HEPA) filters and limiting infiltration through doors and windows effectively prevented acute (ie, over a span of hours) increases in BP. Using a 3-period crossover design, 77 participants were randomized to attend three 2-hour-long exposure sessions separated by 1-week washout periods. Each participant was exposed to high, medium, and low TRAP concentrations in a room near an interstate highway. Particle number concentrations, black carbon concentrations, and temperature were monitored continuously. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP, and heart rate were measured every 10 minutes. Outcomes were analyzed with a linear mixed model. The primary outcome was the change in SBP from 20 minutes from the start of exposure. SBP increased with exposure duration, and the amount of increase was related to the magnitude of exposure. The mean change in SBP was 0.6 mm Hg for low exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 2500 particles/cm
3
and 149 ng/m
3
), 1.3 mm Hg for medium exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 11 000 particles/cm
3
and 409 ng/m
3
), and 2.8 mm Hg for high exposure (mean particle number and black carbon concentrations, 30 000 particles/cm
3
and 826 ng/m
3
; linear trend
P
=0.019). There were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes, diastolic BP, or heart rate. In conclusion, reducing indoor concentrations of TRAP was effective in preventing acute increases in SBP.
Renal Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-C Deficiency Attenuates NaCl Cotransporter Activity in Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension
Authors: Shao Shuai , Li Xiao-Dong , Lu Yuan-Yuan , Li Shi-Jin , Chen Xiao-Hui , Zhou Han-Dan , He Shun , Guo Yue-Tong , Lu Xiao , Gao Ping-Jin , Wang Ji-Guang
Published: January 2021

Genome-wide association studies have identified that NPR-C (natriuretic peptide receptor-C) variants are associated with elevation of blood pressure. However, the mechanism underlying the relationship between NPR-C and blood pressure regulation remains elusive. Here, we investigate whether NPR-C regulates Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced hypertension through sodium transporters activity. Wild-type mice responded to continuous Ang II infusion with an increased renal NPR-C expression. Global NPR-C deficiency attenuated Ang II–induced increased blood pressure both in male and female mice associated with more diuretic and natriuretic responses to a saline challenge. Interestingly, Ang II increased both total and phosphorylation of NCC (NaCl cotransporter) abundance involving in activation of WNK4 (with-no-lysine kinase 4)/SPAK (Ste20-related proline/alanine-rich kinase) which was blunted by NPR-C deletion. NCC inhibitor, hydrochlorothiazide, failed to induce natriuresis in NPR-C knockout mice. Moreover, low-salt and high-salt diets–induced changes of total and phosphorylation of NCC expression were normalized by NPR-C deletion. Importantly, tubule-specific deletion of NPR-C also attenuated Ang II–induced elevated blood pressure, total and phosphorylation of NCC expression. Mechanistically, in distal convoluted tubule cells, Ang II dose and time-dependently upregulated WNK4/SPAK/NCC kinase pathway and NPR-C/Gi/PLC/PKC signaling pathway mediated NCC activation. These results demonstrate that NPR-C signaling regulates NCC function contributing to sodium retention-mediated elevated blood pressure, which suggests that NPR-C is a promising candidate for the treatment of sodium retention-related hypertension.