bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes of End of Life Practices for Cancer Patients and Their Association with Hospice Palliative Care Referral over 2009-2014: A Single Institution Study
Authors: Jho Hyun Jung , Nam Eun Jung , Shin Il Won , Kim Sun Young
Published: September 2019

Purpose In Korea, hospice palliative care (HPC) provision for cancer patients has increased recently. However, whether end of life (EoL) care practices have improved along with the development of HPC is unclear. We intended to investigate the changes in EoL care practices and their association with HPC referral. Materials and Methods Retrospective medical record review of adult cancer patients who died at National Cancer Center Korea from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2014 was performed. Changes of EoL practices including chemotherapy within 2 weeks from death, death in intensive care unit (ICU), documentation of “do not resuscitate (DNR)” within 7 days from death and referral to HPC from 2009 to 2014 were analyzed as well as the association between referral to HPC and other practices. Results A total of 2,377 cases were included in the analysis. Between 2009 and 2014, referral to HPC increased and DNR documentation within 7 days from death decreased significantly. Cases for chemotherapy within 2 weeks from death and death in ICU didn’t change over the study period. Patients referred to HPC were less likely to receive chemotherapy within 2 weeks from death, die in ICU and document DNR within 7 days from death. Conclusion During the study period, EoL practices among cancer patients partly changed toward less aggressive in our institution. HPC referral was associated with less aggressive cancer care at the EoL. Policies to promote EoL discussion are necessary to improve the EoL practices of cancer patients.
Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infected Korean: Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Choi Yunsu , Choi Bo Youl , Kim Soo Min , Kim Sang Il , Kim June , Choi Jun Young , Kim Shin-Woo , Song Joon Young , Kim Youn Jeong , Park Dae Won , Kim Hyo Youl , Choi Hee-Jung , Kee Mee-Kyung , Shin Young Hyun , Yoo Myeongsu
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVES: To manage evidence-based diseases, it is important to identify the characteristics of patients in each country.METHODS: The Korea HIV/AIDS Cohort Study seeks to identify the epidemiological characteristics of 1,442 Korean individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (12% of Korean individuals with HIV infection in 2017) who visited 21 university hospitals nationwide. The descriptive statistics were presented using the Korea HIV/AIDS cohort data (2006-2016).RESULTS: Men accounted for 93.3% of the total number of respondents, and approximately 55.8% of respondents reported having an acute infection symptom. According to the transmission route, infection caused by sexual contact accounted for 94.4%, of which 60.4% were caused by sexual contact with the same sex or both males and females. Participants repeatedly answered the survey to decrease depression and anxiety scores. Of the total participants, 89.1% received antiretroviral therapy (ART). In the initial ART, 95.3% of patients were treated based on the recommendation. The median CD4 T-cell count at the time of diagnosis was 229.5 and improved to 331 after the initial ART. Of the patients, 16.6% and 9.4% had tuberculosis and syphilis, respectively, and 26.7% had pneumocystis pneumonia. In the medical history, sexually transmitted infectious diseases showed the highest prevalence, followed by endocrine diseases. The main reasons for termination were loss to follow-up (29.9%) and withdrawal of consent (18.7%).CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and ART should be performed at an appropriate time to prevent the development of new infection.
Interannual Variability and Trends of Combustion Aerosol and Dust in Major Continental Outflows Revealed by MODIS Retrievals and CAM5 Simulations During 2003–2017
Authors: Yu Hongbin , Yang Yang , Wang Hailong , Tan Qian , Chin Mian , Levy Robert C. , Remer Lorraine A. , Smith Steven J. , Yuan Tianle , Shi Yingxi
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Emissions and long-range transport of mineral dust and combustion-related aerosol from burning fossil fuels and biomass vary from year to year, driven by the evolution of the economy and changes in meteorological conditions and environmental regulations. This study offers both satellite and model perspectives of interannual variability and possible trend of combustion aerosol and dust in major continental outflow regions over the past 15 years (2003–2017). The decade-long record of aerosol optical depth (AOD, denoted as τ), separately for combustion aerosol (τc) and dust (τd), over global oceans is derived from the Collection 6 aerosol products of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard both Terra and Aqua. These MODIS/Aqua datasets, complemented by aerosol source-tagged simulations using the Community Atmospheric Model Version 5 (CAM5), are then analyzed to understand the interannual variability and potential trend of τc and τd in the major continental outflows. Both MODIS and CAM5 consistently yield a similar decreasing trend of −0.017 to −0.020 decade−1 for τc over the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea that is attributable to reduced emissions from North America and Europe, respectively. On the contrary, both MODIS and CAM5 display an increasing trend of +0.017 to +0.036 decade−1 for τc over the tropical Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the Arabian Sea, which reflects the influence of increased anthropogenic emissions from South Asia and Middle East in the last two decades. Over the northwestern Pacific Ocean that is often affected by East Asian emissions of pollution and dust, the MODIS retrievals show a decreasing trend of −0.021 decade−1 for τc and −0.012 decade−1 for τd, which is however not reproduced by the CAM5 model. In other outflow regions strongly influenced by biomass burning smoke or dust, both MODIS retrievals and CAM5 simulations show no statistically significant trends; and the MODIS observed interannual variability is usually larger than that of the CAM5 simulation.
Methodology for high-quality mobile measurement with focus on black carbon and particle mass concentrations
Authors: Alas Honey Dawn C. , Weinhold Kay , Costabile Francesca , Di Ianni Antonio , Müller Thomas , Pfeifer Sascha , Di Liberto Luca , Turner Jay R. , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Measurements of air pollutants such as black carbon (BC)
and particle mass concentration in general, using mobile platforms equipped
with high-time-resolution instruments, have gained popularity over the last
decade due to their wide range of applicability. Assuring the quality of
mobile measurement, data have become more essential, particularly when the
personal exposure to pollutants is related to their spatial distribution. In the following, we suggest a methodology to achieve data from mobile
measurements of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and PM2.5 mass
concentrations with high data quality. Besides frequent routine quality
assurance measures of the instruments, the methodology includes the
following steps: (a) measures to ensure the quality of mobile instruments
through repeated collocated measurements using identical instrumentation, (b) inclusion of a fixed station along the route containing quality-assured
reference instruments, and (c) sufficiently long and frequent intercomparisons
between the mobile and reference instruments to correct the particle number
and mass size distributions obtained from mobile measurements. The
application of the methodology can provide the following results. First,
collocated mobile measurements with sets of identical instruments allow
identification of undetected malfunctions of the instruments. Second,
frequent intercomparisons against the reference instruments will ensure the
quality of the mobile measurement data of the eBC mass concentration. Third,
the intercomparison data between the mobile optical particle size
spectrometer (OPSS) and a reference mobility particle size spectrometer
(MPSS) allow for the adjustment of the OPSS particle number size
distribution using physically meaningful corrections. Matching the OPSS and
MPSS volume particle size distributions is crucial for the determination of
PM2.5 mass concentration. Using size-resolved complex refractive
indices and time-resolved fine-mode volume correction factors of the fine-particle range, the calculated PM2.5 from the OPSS was within 5 % of
the reference instruments (MPSS+APSS). However, due to the nonsphericity
and an unknown imaginary part of the complex refractive index of
supermicrometer particles, a conversion to a volume equivalent diameter
yields high uncertainties of the particle mass concentration greater than
PM2.5. The proposed methodology addresses issues regarding the quality
of mobile measurements, especially for health impact studies, validation of
modeled spatial distribution, and development of air pollution mitigation
strategies.
Paleo calendar-effect adjustments in time-slice and transient climate-model simulations (PaleoCalAdjust v1.0): impact and strategies for data analysis
Authors: Bartlein Patrick J. , Shafer Sarah L.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The “paleo calendar effect” is a common expression for
the impact that changes in the length of months or seasons over time,
related to changes in the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and precession, have
on the analysis or summarization of climate-model output. This effect can
have significant implications for paleoclimate analyses. In particular,
using a “fixed-length” definition of months (i.e., defined by a fixed
number of days), as opposed to a “fixed-angular” definition (i.e., defined
by a fixed number of degrees of the Earth's orbit), leads to comparisons of
data from different positions along the Earth's orbit when comparing paleo
with modern simulations. This effect can impart characteristic spatial
patterns or signals in comparisons of time-slice simulations that otherwise
might be interpreted in terms of specific paleoclimatic mechanisms, and we
provide examples for 6, 97, 116, and 127 ka. The calendar effect is
exacerbated in transient climate simulations in which, in addition to spatial
or map-pattern effects, it can influence the apparent timing of extrema in
individual time series and the characterization of phase relationships among
series. We outline an approach for adjusting paleo simulations that have
been summarized using a modern fixed-length definition of months and that
can also be used for summarizing and comparing data archived as daily data.
We describe the implementation of this approach in a set of Fortran 90
programs and modules (PaleoCalAdjust v1.0).
A new approach to simulate aerosol effects on cirrus clouds in EMAC v2.54
Authors: Righi Mattia , Hendricks Johannes , Lohmann Ulrike , Beer Christof Gerhard , Hahn Valerian , Heinold Bernd , Heller Romy , Krämer Martina , Rolf Christian , Tegen Ina , Voigt Christiane
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A new cloud microphysical scheme including a detailed parameterization for aerosol-driven ice formation in cirrus clouds is implemented in the global chemistry climate model EMAC and coupled to the aerosol submodel MADE3. The new scheme is able to consistently simulate three regimes of stratiform clouds (liquid, mixed- and ice-phase (cirrus) clouds), considering the impact of aerosol on the activation of cloud droplets and the nucleation of ice crystals. In the cirrus regime, it accounts for the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing for the available supersaturated water vapor, taking into account different types of ice-nucleating particles, whose specific ice-nucleating properties can be flexibly varied in the model setup. The new model configuration was tuned using satellite data to find the optimal set of parameters that reproduces the observations. A detailed evaluation is also performed comparing the model results for standard cloud and radiation variables with a comprehensive set of observations from satellite retrievals and in situ measurements. The performance of EMAC-MADE3 in this new coupled configuration is in line with similar global coupled models and with other global aerosol models featuring ice cloud parameterizations. Some remaining discrepancies, especially with regard to ice crystal number concentrations in cirrus, which are a common problem of this kind of models, need to be the subject of future investigations. To further demonstrate the readiness of the new model system for application studies, an estimate of the global anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing is provided and discussed in the context of the CMIP5 results for the IPCC.
Machine learning and soil sciences: A review aided by machine learning tools
Authors: Padarian José , Minasny Budiman , McBratney Alex B.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. The application of machine learning (ML) techniques in various fields of science has increased rapidly, especially in the last ten years. The increasing availability of soil data that can be efficiently acquired remotely and proximally, and freely available open-source algorithms, have led to an accelerated adoption of ML techniques to analyse soil data. Given the large number of publications, it is an impossible task to manually review all papers on the application of ML in soil science without narrowing down a narrative of ML application in a specific research question. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application of ML techniques in soil science aided by a ML algorithm (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) to find patterns in a large collection of text corpus. The objective is to gain insight into publications of ML applications in soil science and to discuss the research gaps in this topic. We found that: a) there is an increasing usage of ML methods in soil sciences, mostly concentrated in developed countries, b) the reviewed publication can be grouped into 12 topics, namely remote sensing, soil organic carbon, water, contamination, methods (ensembles), erosion and parent material, methods (NN, SVM), spectroscopy, modelling (classes), crops, physical and modelling (continuous), c) advanced ML methods usually perform better than simpler approaches thanks to their capability to capture non-linear relationships. From these findings, we found research gaps, in particular: about the precautions that should be taken (parsimony) to avoid overfitting, and that the interpretability of the ML models is an important aspect to consider when applying advanced ML methods in order to improve our knowledge and understanding of soil. We foresee that a large number of studies will focus on the latter topic.
Giants: The Global Power Elite
Authors: Inoue Hiroko
Published: September 2019

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Dirty Gold: How Activism Transformed the Jewelry Industry
Authors: Bartley Tim
Published: September 2019

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Dust Bowls of Empire: Imperialism, Environmental Politics, and the Injustice of ‘Green’ Capitalism
Authors: Hossain Md Belal
Published: September 2019

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Emotions and Mass Atrocity: Philosophical and Theoretical Explanations
Authors: Reifer Thomas
Published: September 2019

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Dialogue: Race in the Capitalist World-System, Author Responses
Authors: Hanchard Michael G. , Robinson William I.
Published: September 2019

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Truncated 21st-Century Trajectories of Progressive International Solidarity
Authors: Bond Patrick
Published: September 2019

Patrick Bond provides a biography of Amin’s work as a global political thinker and leader on the left. From his early days building the Third World Forum and establishing “origins of a South-centric organic intelligentsia with global visions” to his work with the World Social Forum process, Amin dedicated his life to trying to lay the foundations for a Fifth International. Bond notes Amin’s frustration with the extreme fragmentation and limited policy impacts of left struggles. Yet he points out some recent exceptions here in the successes of global South campaigns around the right to water, access to medicines and the right to health, and Via Campesina and MST’s success in building global resistance to corporate land grabbing.
Race-Class-Gender Articulation and the Fifth International
Authors: Agozino Biko
Published: September 2019

Agozino supports Amin’s call for a Fifth International, but offers suggestions to make it more inclusive. He argues “It is not enough for the Fifth International to call on Workers of the World to Unite without questioning the extent to which racism, imperialism and patriarchy divide the working class and weaken the struggle to end exploitation.” Although the First International addressed class exploitation in articulation with the struggles against the oppression of nationalities and racial groups and against gender oppression, “[t]he departure from the race-class-gender articulation or intersectionality model that Marx envisaged by the organizers of subsequent internationals may be part of the reasons why the organizational aim was not sustained.” Agozino calls for more intentionality in constructing the leadership of the Fifth International than is in Amir’s proposal. While Amir was attentive to the inclusion of African leadership, he paid less attention to the inclusion of women or indigenous peoples. And while Amin seemed concerned with creating a manageable process through the delegation of a small number of leaders, Agozino says it is “better to allow a million leaders to emerge from local to the global levels.”
Predicting Music Achievement From the Sources of Self-Efficacy: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Zelenak Michael S.
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the 4 sources of self-efficacy and achievement in music performance. I used a correlational design to examine (a) the extent to which each source of self-efficacy predicted achievement; (b) differences in the relationship between self-efficacy and achievement by instrument type, age, and sex; and (c) the relationship between self-efficacy and years of ensemble enrollment. Participants (N = 73) were secondary school band and string orchestra students auditioning for elite ensembles. Responses from the Music Performance Self-Efficacy Scale reflected self-efficacy and audition scores represented achievement. Consistent with other studies, enactive mastery experience exhibited the strongest relationship with the composite construct of self-efficacy. I found verbal/social persuasion, however, to be the strongest predictor of achievement in music performance. This finding highlights the influence of verbal and social messages on achievement prior to critical performances. No differences were found when comparing the relationship between self-efficacy and achievement among groups differentiated by instrument, age, and sex. In addition, no correlation was found between self-efficacy and years of ensemble enrollment. Recommendations include extending existing psychological models to incorporate the sources of self-efficacy and using experimental designs to examine the influence of self-efficacy building activities on musicians.
Are Zoos and Aquariums Justifiable? A Utilitarian Evaluation of Two Prominent Arguments
Authors: Bennett Stephen
Published: September 2019

Keeping animals captive in zoos and aquariums is commonly justified by claiming that doing so produces worthwhile consequences in terms of public education and animal conservation. I take a utilitarian approach to the issue, and, after establishing a view on the moral status of animals, assert that these arguments in favor of zoos and aquariums fail. Furthermore, if, as I suspect they are, these two justifications turn out to form the foundation of the argument justifying these institutions, then we ought to seriously reconsider the continued existence of zoos and aquariums altogether.
A Critique of the Cultural Defense of Animal Cruelty
Authors: Galgut Elisa
Published: September 2019

I argue that cultural practices that harm animals are not morally defensible: Tradition cannot justify cruelty. My conclusion applies to all such practices, including ones that are long-standing, firmly entrenched, or held sacred by their practitioners. Following Mary Midgley, I argue that cultural practices are open to moral scrutiny, even from outsiders. Because animals have moral status, they may not be harmed without good reason. I argue that the importance of religious or cultural rituals to adherents does not count as a sufficiently good reason to harm or kill animals, since rituals are inherently symbolic, and cultures are able to adapt and change, making adherence to cruel traditions unnecessary.
#87: Reconciliation, Sport History, and Indigenous Peoples in Canada
Authors: Paraschak Victoria
Published: September 2019

A strengths-and-hope perspective was used to explicate the process underpinning, as well as the benefits and challenges arising from the intertwining of sport history and public history in a Canadian sesquicentennial public history project. The project goal was to contribute toward the Truth and Reconciliation Final Report Call to Action #87 by ensuring that public education, in the form of Wikipedia entries on elite Indigenous athletes in Canada, would be available in an easily accessed manner and that there would be 150+ entries by the end of 2017. The pathway taken to meet that goal included a combination of personal efforts and class assignments to edit and/or create entries, along with the hosting of an editathon on elite Indigenous athletes, resulting in the 176 entries that currently exist as part of three categories: First Nations sportspeople (142 entries), Mètis sportspeople (thirty-one entries), and Canadian Inuit sportspeople (three entries).
A Walk in the Dark: Society, Technology, and Culture in Wartime Warsaw, 1914-1918
Authors: Blobaum Robert
Published: September 2019

This article links metropolitan cultural life in Warsaw to the everyday economic and social realities of the First World War and to policy decisions of Russian imperial, German occupation, and municipal authorities. To do so, it examines different modes and sites of cultural consumption and expression, which were in turn challenged, reshaped, or created by various disruptions to prewar routines. Since the war affected practically everything, including and especially food supply but also transportation, street illumination, the consumption of alcohol, the availability of clothing and footwear, not to mention the city’s demography, Warsaw’s street life was essentially reconfigured by a seeming return to an earlier period, less mechanized and illuminated on the one hand, and by the formation of a modern urban entertainment industry and new forms of nightlife on the other. With the emergence of a thriving counterculture of cheap and popular entertainments in opposition to an elite emphasis on austerity, sobriety and propriety, anxious debates over cultural practices and behaviors appropriate to wartime reverberated in public discourse. Indeed, cultural conflict of all sorts exploded during the war years, between the occupier and the occupied, between men and women, but most ominously between Poles and Jews, with publicly-financed education, theaters, and parks as their main arenas.
Social (Political and Economical) Essence of Globalism and Its Existential Manifistations
Authors: Serebryakov Fanil Fagimovich , Krasnov Anton Sergeevich
Published: September 2019

The paper considers globalism as viewed from ontological theory and its social manifestations primarily in respect of the aspect of “a person in a situation of globalism”. The latter can be described in sociological or psychological terms, but in the work this aspect is understood in the socio-philosophical sense, that is, when it undergoes an analysis of the transformation of a person as a cultural-historical type.

It is noted that in “globalism” we can distinguish at least two qualities, internal and external, - one, internal, related to the political and economic (social) content of this concept, that is, with the essence of globalism, the other, external, expresses a set of phenomena and processes of external, “visible”, measured, presented in the forms of economic and social activity, mediated by the introduction of high technologies, means of communication, etc. The internal (socio-economic) basis of modern globalism is made up, therefore, is predetermined and mediated by other, subordinate, its aspects, the capitalist mode of production and the imperialistic nature of the claims of capitalism. A person loses the “former entirety of his nature”, becomes a function of a thing, an element in the functional interaction of things, from whom it is required to develop one of his side natures (employee), his needs (at other people’s expense) to hypertrophied dimensions. It is shown how this is manifested in the field of education reform.

The conclusion is drawn: the cultivation of the supersubstantial spiritual wealth of the masses is not the goal of any of the areas of immaterial activity in the era of globalism.
THE EFFECT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES ON THE OPERATING PARAMETERS OF A SLIDE JOURNAL BEARING LUBRICATED WITH FERRO-OIL
Authors: Frycz Marcin
Published: September 2019

This paper presents an analysis of changes in basic operational parameters of a slide journal bearing in an aspect of a concentration of magnetic particles in ferro-oil as a lubricant. The first part of the article presents an analytical-numerical calculation model. This model is based on experimentally determined physical parameters describing the dependence of ferro-oil viscosity on changes at basic operating parameters. Moreover, dimensionless load carrying capacity, dimensionless friction force and dimensionless coefficient of friction numerical calculations have been obtained by solving the Reynolds type equations using the finite difference method in Mathcad 15 program and the author’s own calculation procedures. The obtained results have been presented in the form of graphs taking into account the influence of the following factors: external magnetic field, corrections related to the influence of pressure changes, corrections related to the influence of temperature changes and corrections related to non-Newtonian properties of the ferro-oil. The analysis of the obtained characteristics in the paper has been carried out, observations have been made as well as conclusions have been drawn regarding the optimal concentration of magnetic particles in the ferro-oil lubricating the slide journal bearing.
Bankrecht
Authors: Tonner Martin , Krüger Thomas
Published: September 2019

Das Bankrecht ist ein dynamisches Rechtsgebiet, das seit Jahren stets im Fokus der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung und des europäischen und des nationalen Gesetzgebers steht. Die Gerichte verzeichnen eine hohe Zahl von Streitverfahren insbesondere im Bereich der Haftung für mögliche Beratungsfehler bei der Geldanlage oder Finanzierung sowie im Bereich der Überprüfung von AGB-Klauseln.
Die Bedeutung des Bank- und Kapitalmarktrechts spiegelt sich auch in der universitären Ausbildung wider. Es ist nicht nur Gegenstand der universitären Schwerpunktveranstaltungen, sondern auch Teil der zivilrechtlichen Grundausbildung, etwa im Bereich des Schuld- und des Sachenrechts.
Die aktualisierte 3. Auflage des Lehrbuchs von Tonner/Krüger berücksichtigt die neuesten gesetzgeberischen Aktivitäten sowie die aktuelle Rechtsprechung im Bankrecht. Es umfasst in sieben Teilen den gesamten Bereich des privaten Bankrechts. Es ist so geschrieben, dass es ohne Vorkenntnisse im Bankrecht verständlich ist. Für die Vertiefung der einzelnen Bereiche helfen dem Leser jeweils Verweise auf weiterführende Spezialliteratur und einschlägige Rechtsprechung. Da das Bankrecht einen Querschnitt durch weite Teile des Zivilrechts bietet, eignet es sich zugleich hervorragend zur Examensvorbereitung. Jedem Kapitel sind ein oder mehrere Beispielsfälle vorangestellt, für die am Ende ein Lösungsvorschlag unterbreitet wird. Die Darstellung wird abgerundet durch Wiederholungs- und Vertiefungsfragen. Im Anhang finden sich die wichtigsten Definitionen zum Bankrecht.
Adapting the Reggio Emilia Approach in Libraries
Authors: Hickey Katherine
Published: September 2019

After the devastation of World War II, the parents of the Italian city of Reggio Emilia came together with a plan to build early childhood schools that would foster rich learning environments and critical thinking for their children.That philosophy, known as the Reggio Emilia Approach (REA), was developed in the mid-1940s and was groundbreaking due to its participative and collaborative nature among children, parents, and educators.
Editor’s Note: Spiders and Snakes and Flies, Oh My!
Authors: Verbeten Sharon
Published: September 2019

I really do have an indisputably fun job. Like most of you, I plan and execute programs for children that may or may not involve mess, live animals, food, noise—or all of the above—and live to tell the story (and file the obligatory statistics!).
Couples Who Collaborate: Shannon and Dean Hale
Authors: Sableski Mary-Kate
Published: September 2019

Shannon and Dean Hale are the dynamic team behind the popular Princess in Black series. This series currently includes eight books, with more books slated to come. In addition to Princess in Black, Shannon and Dean have collaborated on the Squirrel Girl novels (2018), Calamity Jack (2010), Rapunzel’s Revenge (2008), and The Legend of Shadow High (2017).
Everyday Advocacy: Advocacy and Building Relationships
Authors: Halsan Nate
Published: September 2019

I’ve worked as a children’s librarian for five years. Over the last two, I’ve served with ALSC’s Advocacy and Legislation Committee. Yet I have to admit, I am still learning the role of a librarian advocate. I’ll be honest, it often feels overwhelming, and I am not sure that feeling will ever dissipate.There is a lot to think about. From local to state and federal stakeholders, I sometimes feel my perch at the kid’s desk isn’t the place where real advocacy happens. How can I rally support for libraries at all levels? It’s not just a question for a librarian who serves on an advocacy committee. I am sure it’s a question we all ask ourselves.
The Power of a Mindful Moment
Authors: Diamant-Cohen Betsy , Scherrer Katie
Published: September 2019

Mindfulness, a practice of intentionally connecting with the present moment as it is, is finally taking root in libraries. Practiced for millennia, mindfulness has long been recognized by the business community as a critical leadership skill. Academic libraries have taken the lead in melding mindfulness and librarianship, as evidenced by the boom in designated academic library space for quiet mindfulness practice and the 2015 publication of The Mindful Librarian: Connecting the Practice of Mindfulness to Librarianship.
Effect of Breastfeeding and Serum Zinc Levels on Childhood Recurrent Tonsillopharyngitis
Authors: Bozkurt Hayrunnisa Bekis
Published: September 2019

Aim: To evaluate serum zinc levels and breast milk intake in pediatric patients with recurrent tonsillopharyngitis
Material Method: 40 pediatric patients who were admitted to our polyclinics with the diagnosis of tonsillopharyngitis diagnosed as ≥ 7 times a year were included in Group 1; 40 healthy children who applied to the outpatient clinic for routine control in the same period were defined as Group 2. Serum zinc, blood parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) values were studied from all patients. Patient complaints, breastfeeding time, and family history were questioned.
Results: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of Hemaoglobin(Hb), hematocrit(Hct), white blood cell count(WBC), platelet count(Plt), mean platelet volume(MPV) and CRP values were significantly higher in the patient group (p=0.001). Serum zinc levels were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (p=0.000; p <0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the duration of breastfeeding (p=0.086; p> 0.05).
Conclusion: Our study showed that zinc deficiency may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of recurrent tonsillopharyngitis. Zinc supplementation may be recommended for children with recurrent tonsillopharyngitis There is a need for further studies to be done in larger population related to zinc levels in mother's milk content, serum zinc levels in mothers and zinc deficiency.
Determination of the Effective Time of Denture Cleanser Tablets on the Removal of Candida Albicans on Denture Base Resins
Authors: HAYRAN Yeliz
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to determinate of the
effective time of different denture cleanser tablets on the removal of Candida albicans on various base resins.

Materials
and Methods: Conventional
heat cured resin, high impact resin, autopolymerized resin, and polyamide
resin were used. 160 samples were prepared for each resin type.  The biofilm of C. albicans was formed on the resins and then exposed to alkaline
peroxide tablet and enzymatic tablets for 3-5-10-20-40-80-160-200 minutes. Cell
viability was assessed by MTT test. 3-way ANOVA was used for statistical
analysis.

Results: The
effect of resin type, tablet type and application time on cell viability of C. albicans were found to be significant
(p<0.05). Cell death was at least
65% on the resins even at the minimum time. Furthermore, as the duration of
administration of both tablets increased, cell viability in all resins tended
to decrease. The administration of both tablets on all resins for 10 min
resulted in approximately 80% cell death. Additionally, the most significant
antimicrobial activities of the tablets were determined on 20th
minutes. The alkaline peroxide tablet on all base resins for application
periods of 3 to 200 minutes was generally more effective than the enzymatic
tablet.

Conclusion:
Alkaline peroxide and enzymatic cleanser tablets showed remarkable anticandidal
activity for all resins. The patients with risk of C. albicans infection should keep their prostheses in cleanser
tablets for at least 20 minutes. Furthermore, the anticandidal effect tended to
increase with prolonged exposure time.
Evaluation of the Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontic Treatment Need of an Inner City Group of Anatolian Turkish Children
Authors: ÇOBAN BÜYÜKBAYRAKTAR Zeynep , DORUK Cenk
Published: September 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the oral and dental health among the primary school children in a city in Turkey and to identify the need for preventive and interceptive practices.Materials and Methods: Our study was carried out on total 334 individuals, which include 135 male and 199 female primary school students between 6 and 9 years of age in Sivas, Turkey. These individuals were examined intraorally in the school environment. In order to determine the need for preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatment, pre-prepared data forms were filled in during the examination and existing problems were recorded. Collected data were evaluated through the program of SPSS (Ver:15.0). Results: The number of the individuals, who needed at least one of the preventive and interceptive orthodontic treatments was 319 (95.5%). The most required one among these practices was found as fissure sealant with a ratio of 52.1%. When the relationship between age and gender data and other parameters was evaluated, a significant relation was observed only between age and the fissure sealant, space maintainer need and posterior cross bite.Conclusions: The need for preventive and interceptive treatments was quite high and it is a fact that a special attention should be paid to these applications.
Reduced metabolism supports hypoxic flight in the high-flying bar-headed goose (Anser indicus)
Authors: Meir Jessica U , York Julia M , Chua Bev A , Jardine Wilhelmina , Hawkes Lucy A , Milsom William K
Published: September 2019

The bar-headed goose is famed for migratory flight at extreme altitude. To better understand the physiology underlying this remarkable behavior, we imprinted and trained geese, collecting the first cardiorespiratory measurements of bar-headed geese flying at simulated altitude in a wind tunnel. Metabolic rate during flight increased 16-fold from rest, supported by an increase in the estimated amount of O2 transported per heartbeat and a modest increase in heart rate. The geese appear to have ample cardiac reserves, as heart rate during hypoxic flights was not higher than in normoxic flights. We conclude that flight in hypoxia is largely achieved via the reduction in metabolic rate compared to normoxia. ArterialPo2was maintained throughout flights. Mixed venous PO2 decreased during the initial portion of flights in hypoxia, indicative of increased tissue O2 extraction. We also discovered that mixed venous temperature decreased during flight, which may significantly increase oxygen loading to hemoglobin.
Enhancing Active Learning and Fostering Employability: The Experience of a Two‐Stage Capstone Project at the University of Padova
Authors: Fedeli Monica , Vardanega Tullio
Published: September 2019

This chapter presents how the method of capstone project in higher education can promote employability. Three primary forces guide the development of the capstone project at the University of Padova: employability, active learning, and responsibility in teaching and learning.
Polymer‐Based Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Active Layers Aligned by Highly Hydrophobic Nanogrooved Surfaces
Authors: Bulgarevich Kirill , Sakamoto Kenji , Minari Takeo , Yasuda Takeshi , Miki Kazushi , Takeuchi Masayuki
Published: September 2019

In this study, polymer‐based organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) that exhibit alignment‐induced mobility enhancement, very small device‐to‐device variation, and high operational stability are successfully fabricated by a simple coating method of semiconductor solutions on highly hydrophobic nanogrooved surfaces. The highly hydrophobic nanogrooved surfaces (water contact angle >110°) are effective at inducing unidirectional alignment of polymer backbone structures with edge‐on orientation and are advantageous for realizing high operational stability because of their water‐repellent nature. The dewetting of the semiconductor solution is a critical problem in the thin film formation on highly hydrophobic surfaces. Dewetting during spin coating is suppressed by surrounding the hydrophobic regions with hydrophilic ones under appropriate designs. For the OFET array with an aligned terrace‐phase active layer of poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophene‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene), the hole mobility in the saturation regime of 30 OFETs with channel current direction parallel to the nanogrooves is 0.513 ± 0.018 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is approximately double that of the OFETs without nanogrooves, and the intrinsic operational stability is comparable to the operational stability of amorphous‐silicon field‐effect transistors. In other words, alignment‐induced mobility enhancement and high operational stability are successfully achieved with very small device‐to‐device variation. This coating method should be a promising means of fabricating high‐performance OFETs.
Moiré Polarization Interference Photolithography Based on AZO Molecular Glass Pillar Array for Hierarchical Surface Patterning
Authors: Hsu Chungen , Xu Zeda , Liao Chuyi , Wang Xiaogong
Published: September 2019

A new method termed moiré polarization interference photolithography is developed by using a photoresponsive AZO molecular glass (IAC‐2) for fabricating hierarchical surface patterns. Arrays of hexagonally arranged submicron‐sized pillars are prepared from IAC‐2 by soft‐lithographic hot embossing. For the interference photolithography, the pillar arrays are sequentially exposed to polarization‐type interference fringes formed by the superposition of two laser beams with right‐circular polarization and left‐circular polarization. By rotating the pillar arrays by a predetermined angle around the surface normal after each exposure, moiré patterns are fabricated by deformations of the pillars in response to the local polarization states of the superimposed interference fringes. The fabricated hierarchical surface patterns show features combining the complex mass transfer following the local electric vibration directions of the light wave and the long‐range order generated by the moiré effect. By increasing the exposure time, patterns with growing complexity are formed through partial merging of the pillars. The material and methodology reported here extend typical interference photolithography from light intensity modulation to a new dimension, including the polarization interference of coherent light. This new approach can provide a powerful platform for the fabrication of various complex surface patterns that are unattainable by conventional methods.
The Imine‐Based COF TpPa‐1 as an Efficient Cooling Adsorbent That Can Be Regenerated by Heat or Light
Authors: Pérez‐Carvajal Javier , Boix Gerard , Imaz Inhar , Maspoch Daniel
Published: September 2019

Adsorption‐based cooling systems, which can be driven by waste heat and solar energy, are promising alternatives to conventional, compression‐based cooling systems, as they demand less energy and emit less CO2. The performance of adsorption‐based cooling systems relates directly to the performance of the working pairs (sorbent–water). Accordingly, improvement of these systems relies on the continual discovery of new sorbents that enable greater mass exchange while requiring less energy for regeneration. Here, it is proposed that covalent‐organic frameworks (COFs) can replace traditional sorbents for adsorption‐based cooling. In tests mimicking standard operating conditions for industry, the imine‐based COF TpPa‐1 exhibits a regeneration temperature below 65 °C and a cooling coefficient of performance of 0.77 – values which are comparable to those reported for the best metal–organic framework sorbents described to date. Moreover, TpPa‐1 exhibits a photothermal effect and can be regenerated by visible light, thereby opening the possibility for its use in solar‐driven cooling.
The Implementation of a National Multifaceted Emergency Medicine Resident Wellness Curriculum Is Not Associated With Changes in Burnout
Authors: Williamson Kelly , Lank Patrick M. , Hartman Nicholas , Lu Dave W. , Wheaton Natasha , Cash Jennifer , Branzetti Jeremy , Lovell Elise O. ,   the Emergency Medicine Education Research Alliance (EMERA)
Published: September 2019

Background

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Common Program Requirements effective 2017 state that programs and sponsoring institutions have the same responsibility to address well‐being as they do other aspects of resident competence.

Objectives

The authors sought to determine if the implementation of a multifaceted wellness curriculum improved resident burnout as measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).

Methods

We performed a multicenter educational interventional trial at 10 emergency medicine (EM) residencies. In February 2017, we administered the MBI at all sites. A year‐long wellness curriculum was then introduced at five intervention sites while five control sites agreed not to introduce new wellness initiatives during the study period. The MBI was readministered in August 2017 and February 2018.

Results

Of 523 potential respondents, 437 (83.5%) completed at least one MBI assessment. When burnout was assessed as a continuous variable, there was a statistically significant difference in the depersonalization component favoring the control sites at the baseline and final survey administrations. There was also a higher mean personal accomplishment score at the control sites at the second survey administration. However, when assessed as a dichotomous variable, there were no differences in global burnout between the groups at any survey administration and burnout scores did not change over time for either control or intervention sites.

Conclusions

In this national study of EM residents, MBI scores remained stable over time and the introduction of a multifaceted wellness curriculum was not associated with changes in global burnout scores.
Extensive variability in the gut microbiome of a highly‐specialized and critically endangered lemur species across sites
Authors: Donohue Mariah E. , Asangba Abigail E. , Ralainirina Jocelyn , Weisrock David W. , Stumpf Rebecca M. , Wright Patricia C.
Published: September 2019

Deforestation continues to jeopardize Malagasy primates as viable habitats become smaller, more fragmented, and more disturbed. This deforestation can lead to changes in diet, microhabitat, and gene flow between populations of endangered species, and it remains unclear how these changes may affect gut microbiome (GM) characteristics. The black‐and‐white ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata), which is among Madagascar's most threatened lemur species, provides a critical model for understanding the relationships between historical and on‐going deforestation (habitat disturbance), feeding ecology, and GM composition and diversity. We studied four populations inhabiting two rainforests (relatively pristine vs. highly disturbed) in southeastern Madagascar. We conducted full‐day focal animal behavioral follows and collected fecal samples opportunistically across a three‐month period. Our results indicate that lemurs inhabiting sites characterized by habitat disturbance and low dietary diversity exhibited reduced gut microbial alpha diversity. We also show that these same factors were associated with high community dissimilarity using weighted and unweighted UniFrac metrics. Finally, an indicator species analysis showed that the most pristine site was characterized by an abundance of methanogenic archaea. While it is impossible to disentangle the relative contributions of each confounding variable presented by our sampling design, these results provide crucial information about GM variability, thereby underscoring the importance of monitoring endangered species at the population‐level.
An Oxygen Paradox: Catalytic Use of Oxygen in Radical Photopolymerization
Authors: Zhang Liwen , Wu Chenyu , Jung Kenward , Ng Yun Hau , Boyer Cyrille
Published: September 2019

A peculiar radical polymerization reaction is presented in which oxygen serves as a cocatalyst, alongside triethylamine, to provide activation with light in the far‐red (690 nm, 3 mW cm−2) of the PET‐RAFT process in the presence of zinc(II) (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18‐octaethyl‐5,10,15,20‐tetraphenylporphyrin) as photocatalyst. Apart from the ability to exert temporal control by switching the light on or off, this system possesses the exciting capability of inducing temporal control by removal or reintroduction of oxygen. Furthermore, this multicomponent catalytic system was typified by controlled polymerizations of various acrylate and acrylamide monomers, which all resulted in well‐defined polymers with low dispersity (<1.2). The process displayed excellent living characteristics that were demonstrated through chain extensions and a range of degrees of polymerization (200–1600).
A Dual Plating Battery with the Iodine/[ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x Cathode
Authors: Hong Jessica J. , Zhu Liangdong , Chen Cheng , Tang Longteng , Jiang Heng , Jin Bei , Gallagher Trenton C. , Guo Qiubo , Fang Chong , Ji Xiulei
Published: September 2019

Plating battery electrodes typically deliver higher specific capacity values than insertion or conversion electrodes because the ion charge carriers represent the sole electrode active mass, and a host electrode is unnecessary. However, reversible plating electrodes are rare for electronically insulating nonmetals. Now, a highly reversible iodine plating cathode is presented that operates on the redox couples of I2/[ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x in a water‐in‐salt electrolyte. The iodine plating cathode with the theoretical capacity of 211 mAh g−1 plates on carbon fiber paper as the current collector, delivering a large areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2. Tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations elucidate a series of [ZnIx(OH2)4−x]2−x superhalide ions serving as iodide vehicles in the electrolyte, which eliminates most free iodide ions, thus preventing the consequent dissolution of the cathode‐plated iodine as triiodides.