bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel computational approach to pain perception modelling within a Bayesian framework using quantitative sensory testing
Authors: Drusko Armin , Baumeister David , McPhee Christensen Megan , Kold Sebastian , Fisher Victoria Lynn , Treede Rolf-Detlef , Powers Albert , Graven-Nielsen Thomas , Tesarz Jonas
Published: February 2023

Pain perception can be studied as an inferential process in which prior information influences the perception of nociceptive input. To date, there are no suitable psychophysical paradigms to measure this at an individual level. We developed a quantitative sensory testing paradigm allowing for quantification of the influence of prior expectations versus current nociceptive input during perception. Using a Pavlovian-learning task, we investigated the influence of prior expectations on the belief about the varying strength of association between a painful electrical cutaneous stimulus and a visual cue in healthy subjects (N = 70). The belief in cue-pain associations was examined with computational modelling using a Hierarchical Gaussian Filter (HGF). Prior weighting estimates in the HGF model were compared with the established measures of conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and temporal summation of pain (TSP) assessed by cuff algometry. Subsequent HGF-modelling and estimation of the influence of prior beliefs on perception showed that 70% of subjects had a higher reliance on nociceptive input during perception of acute pain stimuli, whereas 30% showed a stronger weighting of prior expectations over sensory evidence. There was no association between prior weighting estimates and CPM or TSP. The data demonstrates relevant individual differences in prior weighting and suggests an importance of top-down cognitive processes on pain perception. Our new psychophysical testing paradigm provides a method to identify individuals with traits suggesting greater reliance on prior expectations in pain perception, which may be a risk factor for developing chronic pain and may be differentially responsive to learning-based interventions.
Hippocampal expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in canine epilepsy
Authors: Kostic D. , Nowakowska M. , Freundt Revilla J. , Attig F. , Rohn K. , Gualtieri F. , Baumgärtner W. , Potschka H. , Tipold A.
Published: February 2023

Canine drug-resistant epilepsy is a prevailing issue in veterinary neurology. Alternative or additional treatment with cannabinoids is showing promising results in seizure management. A crucial component of the endocannabinoid system, cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), is heavily involved in the control of neurotransmitter release. Knowledge of its distribution in the epileptic brain would serve a better understanding of disease pathology and application of cannabinoids in dogs with epilepsy. CB1R distribution was assessed in sub-regions of hippocampus of dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, structural epilepsy and without cerebral pathology. In dogs with idiopathic epilepsy, significantly decreased CB1R expression compared to control animals was observed in CA1. In dogs with structural epilepsy, a significant increase in CB1R signal intensity in comparison to controls was observed. CB1R expression was higher in the structural group as compared to the idiopathic. Double immunofluorescence showed co-localization between CB1R and an astrocytic marker in about 50% of cells, regardless of the diagnosis. In summary, CB1R expression in canine hippocampus undergoes modification by the epileptic process and the direction of this change depends on the etiology of the disease. The distinct disease-associated CB1R expression needs to be considered in new treatment development for dogs with epilepsy.
Domes and semi-capsules as model systems for infrared microspectroscopy of biological cells
Authors: Solheim Johanne Heitmann , Brandsrud Maren Anna , Kong Beibei , Banyasz Akos , Borondics Ferenc , Micouin Guillaume , Lossius Stine , Sulé-Suso Josep , Blümel Reinhold , Kohler Achim
Published: February 2023

It is well known that infrared microscopy of micrometer sized samples suffers from strong scattering distortions, attributed to Mie scattering. The state-of-the-art preprocessing technique for modelling and removing Mie scattering features from infrared absorbance spectra of biological samples is built on a meta model for perfect spheres. However, non-spherical cell shapes are the norm rather than the exception, and it is therefore highly relevant to evaluate the validity of this preprocessing technique for deformed spherical systems. Addressing these cases, we investigate both numerically and experimentally the absorbance spectra of 3D-printed individual domes, rows of up to five domes, two domes with varying distance, and semi-capsules of varying lengths as model systems of deformed individual cells and small cell clusters. We find that coupling effects between individual domes are small, corroborating previous related literature results for spheres. Further, we point out and illustrate with examples that, while optical reciprocity guarantees the same extinction efficiency for top vs. bottom illumination, a scatterer’s internal field may be vastly different in these two situations. Finally, we demonstrate that the ME-EMSC model for preprocessing infrared spectra from spherical biological systems is valid also for deformed spherical systems.
Investigating responses to object-labels in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris)
Authors: Kőszegi Hanna , Fugazza Claudia , Magyari Lilla , Iotchev Ivaylo Borislavov , Miklósi Ádám , Andics Attila
Published: February 2023

Since the dawn of comparative cognitive research, dogs were suspected to possess some capacity for responding to human spoken language. Neuroimaging studies have supported the existence of relevant mechanisms, but convincing behavioral performance is rare, with only few exceptional dogs worldwide demonstrating a lexicon of object-labels they respond to. In the present study we aimed to investigate if and how a capacity for processing verbal stimuli is expressed in dogs (N = 20), whose alleged knowledge of verbal labels is only backed-up by owner reports taken at face value, and concerning only a few words (on average 5). Dogs were tested in a two-choice paradigm with familiar objects. The experiment was divided into a cue-control condition (objects visible to the owner vs. shielded by a panel, thereby controlling the owner’s ability to emit cues to the dog) and a response type condition (fetching vs. looking). Above chance performance in fetching and looking at the named object emerged on the level of the sample as a whole. Only one individual performed reliably above chance, but the group-level effect did not depend on this data point. The presence of the panel also had no influence, which supports that performance was not driven by non-verbal cues from the owners. The group-level effect suggests that in typical dogs object-label learning is an instable process, either due to the animals primarily engaging in contextual learning or possibly analogous to the early stages of implicit, statistical learning of words in humans and opposed to the rapid mapping reported in exceptional dogs with larger passive vocabulary.
Adult height and health-related quality of life in patients born small for gestational age treated with recombinant growth hormone
Authors: Rodrígez José Manuel Rial , Toda Lourdes Ibañez , López Ignacio Díez , Muñoz Jordi Bosch , Fresno Luis Salamanca , Hernández Eugenio Fernández , de Arriba Muñoz Antonio
Published: February 2023

Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is a relevant result when assessing the course of different pathologies and the efficacy of their treatments. HRQoL has been studied previously on adults born small for gestational age (SGA), both in the general population and in patients who had received recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment, with disparate results. Our study included 50 adults who had received rhGH treatment for the SGA indication in 4 Spanish hospitals. Data have been gathered retrospectively from their clinical records, current weight and height were measured, and patients have been asked to fill out SF-36 and QoLAGHDA quality of life forms, and the Graffar test to evaluate their socio-economical status. Patient’s adult height was – 1.2 ± 0.9 SD, lower than their target height of 1 ± 0.8 SD, but gaining 1.7 ± 1 SD from the beginning of the treatment. SF-36 test results showed lower scoring on Mental Health domains than on those related to Physical Health. No correlation was found between HRQoL results and final height, rhGH treatment duration or puberty. Correlation was indeed found between QoLAGHDA and several domains of SF-36, but QoLAGHDA detected fewer patients with low HRQoL than SF-36. Thus, it is concluded that SGA patient’s follow-up should include a HRQoL, neuro-cognitive and psychiatric assessment in their transition to adult age. Adult SGA patients without catch up growth have impaired HRQoL, especially in mental health domains.
Motor-effector dependent modulation of sensory-motor processes identified by the multivariate pattern analysis of EEG activity
Authors: Choi Kahyun , Woo Sanghum , Lee Joonyeol
Published: February 2023

Sensory information received through sensory organs is constantly modulated by numerous non-sensory factors. Recent studies have demonstrated that the state of action can modulate sensory representations in cortical areas. Similarly, sensory information can be modulated by the type of action used to report perception; however, systematic investigation of this issue is scarce. In this study, we examined whether sensorimotor processes represented in electroencephalography (EEG) activities vary depending on the type of effector behavior. Nineteen participants performed motion direction discrimination tasks in which visual inputs were the same, and only the effector behaviors for reporting perceived motion directions were different (smooth pursuit, saccadic eye movement, or button press). We used multivariate pattern analysis to compare the EEG activities for identical sensory inputs under different effector behaviors. The EEG activity patterns for the identical sensory stimulus before any motor action varied across the effector behavior conditions, and the choice of motor effectors modulated the neural direction discrimination differently. We suggest that the motor-effector dependent modulation of EEG direction discrimination might be caused by effector-specific motor planning or preparation signals because it did not have functional relevance to behavioral direction discriminability.
Advances on the early cellular events occurring upon exposure of human macrophages to aluminum oxyhydroxide adjuvant
Authors: Masson J.-D. , Badran G. , Domdom M. A. , Gherardi R. K. , Mograbi B. , Authier F. J. , Crépeaux G.
Published: February 2023

Aluminum compounds are the most widely used adjuvants in veterinary and human vaccines. Despite almost a century of use and substantial advances made in recent decades about their fate and biological effects, the exact mechanism of their action has been continuously debated, from the initial “depot-theory” to the direct immune system stimulation, and remains elusive. Here we investigated the early in vitro response of primary human PBMCs obtained from healthy individuals to aluminum oxyhydroxide (the most commonly used adjuvant) and a whole vaccine, in terms of internalization, conventional and non-conventional autophagy pathways, inflammation, ROS production, and mitochondrial metabolism. During the first four hours of contact, aluminum oxyhydroxide particles, with or without adsorbed vaccine antigen, (1) were quickly recognized and internalized by immune cells; (2) increased and balanced two cellular clearance mechanisms, i.e. canonical autophagy and LC3-associated phagocytosis; (3) induced an inflammatory response with TNF-α production as an early event; (4) and altered mitochondrial metabolism as assessed by both decreased maximal oxygen consumption and reduced mitochondrial reserve, thus potentially limiting further adaptation to other energetic requests. Further studies should consider a multisystemic approach of the cellular adjuvant mechanism involving interconnections between clearance mechanism, inflammatory response and mitochondrial respiration.
NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats are not expanded in Italian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
Authors: Manini Arianna , Gagliardi Delia , Meneri Megi , Antognozzi Sara , Del Bo Roberto , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Corti Stefania , Ronchi Dario
Published: February 2023

Repeat expansions in genes other than C9orf72 and ATXN2 have been recently associated with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Indeed, an abnormal number of GGC repeats in NOTCH2NLC has been recently reported in 0.7% of sporadic ALS patients from mainland China. This finding was not confirmed in an ALS cohort of subjects from Taiwan. As the involvement of expanded NOTCH2NLC alleles in ALS is debated, we addressed this point by evaluating NOTCH2NLC repeat expansions in an Italian cohort of ALS patients. A screening analysis of NOTCH2NLC GGC repeats was performed by repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction (RP-PCR) in a cohort of 385 probable/definite ALS Italian patients. Mean age at onset was 60.5 years (SD 13.7), and 60.9% were males. Sporadic cases were 357 (92.7%), and most patients had a spinal onset (71.8%). None of our patients showed the typical sawtooth tail pattern on RP-PCR, thus excluding abnormal repeat expansion in NOTCH2NLC. Overall, we suggest that NOTCH2NLC expanded alleles might be absent or at least extremely rare in ALS Italian patients. Further investigations in larger cohorts with different ethnic backgrounds are required to support the involvement of NOTCH2NLC in ALS.
High durability and stability of 2D nanofluidic devices for long-term single-molecule sensing
Authors: Thakur Mukeshchand , Cai Nianduo , Zhang Miao , Teng Yunfei , Chernev Andrey , Tripathi Mukesh , Zhao Yanfei , Macha Michal , Elharouni Farida , Lihter Martina , Wen Liping , Kis Andras , Radenovic Aleksandra
Published: February 2023

Nanopores in two-dimensional (2D) membranes hold immense potential in single-molecule sensing, osmotic power generation, and information storage. Recent advances in 2D nanopores, especially on single-layer MoS2, focus on the scalable growth and manufacturing of nanopore devices. However, there still remains a bottleneck in controlling the nanopore stability in atomically thin membranes. Here, we evaluate the major factors responsible for the instability of the monolayer MoS2 nanopores. We identify chemical oxidation and delamination of monolayers from their underlying substrates as the major reasons for the instability of MoS2 nanopores. Surface modification of the substrate and reducing the oxygen from the measurement solution improves nanopore stability and dramatically increases their shelf-life. Understanding nanopore growth and stability can provide insights into controlling the pore size, shape and can enable long-term measurements with a high signal-to-noise ratio and engineering durable nanopore devices.
Mechanically-tunable bandgap closing in 2D graphene phononic crystals
Authors: Kirchhof Jan N. , Bolotin Kirill I.
Published: February 2023

We present a tunable phononic crystal which can be switched from a mechanically insulating to a mechanically conductive (transmissive) state. Specifically, in our simulations for a phononic lattice under biaxial tension (σxx = σyy = 0.01 N m−1), we find a bandgap for out-of-plane phonons in the range of 48.8–56.4 MHz, which we can close by increasing the degree of tension uniaxiality (σxx/σyy) to 1.7. To manipulate the tension distribution, we design a realistic device of finite size, where σxx/σyy is tuned by applying a gate voltage to a phononic crystal made from suspended graphene. We show that the bandgap closing can be probed via acoustic transmission measurements and that the phononic bandgap persists even after the inclusion of surface contaminants and random tension variations present in realistic devices. The proposed system acts as a transistor for MHz-phonons with an on/off ratio of 105 (100 dB suppression) and is thus a valuable extension for phonon logic applications. In addition, the transition from conductive to isolating can be seen as a mechanical analogue to a metal-insulator transition and allows tunable coupling between mechanical entities (e.g. mechanical qubits).
A “one-size-fits-most” walking recognition method for smartphones, smartwatches, and wearable accelerometers
Authors: Straczkiewicz Marcin , Huang Emily J. , Onnela Jukka-Pekka
Published: February 2023

The ubiquity of personal digital devices offers unprecedented opportunities to study human behavior. Current state-of-the-art methods quantify physical activity using “activity counts,” a measure which overlooks specific types of physical activities. We propose a walking recognition method for sub-second tri-axial accelerometer data, in which activity classification is based on the inherent features of walking: intensity, periodicity, and duration. We validate our method against 20 publicly available, annotated datasets on walking activity data collected at various body locations (thigh, waist, chest, arm, wrist). We demonstrate that our method can estimate walking periods with high sensitivity and specificity: average sensitivity ranged between 0.92 and 0.97 across various body locations, and average specificity for common daily activities was typically above 0.95. We also assess the method’s algorithmic fairness to demographic and anthropometric variables and measurement contexts (body location, environment). Finally, we release our method as open-source software in Python and MATLAB.
Groundwater deeper than 500 m contributes less than 0.1% of global river discharge
Authors: Ferguson Grant , McIntosh Jennifer C. , Jasechko Scott , Kim Ji-Hyun , Famiglietti James S. , McDonnell Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2023

Groundwater is one of the largest reservoirs of water on Earth but has relatively small fluxes compared to its volume. This behavior is exaggerated at depths below 500 m, where the majority of groundwater exists and where residence times of millions to even a billion years have been documented. However, the extent of interactions between deep groundwater (>500 m) and the rest of the terrestrial water cycle at a global scale are unclear because of challenges in detecting their contributions to streamflow. Here, we use a chloride mass balance approach to quantify the contribution of deep groundwater to global streamflow. Deep groundwater likely contributes <0.1% to global streamflow and is only weakly and sporadically connected to the rest of the water cycle on geological timescales. Despite this weak connection to streamflow, we found that deep groundwaters are important to the global chloride cycle, providing ~7% of the flux of chloride to the ocean.
Strain-level bacterial typing directly from patient samples using optical DNA mapping
Authors: Nyblom My , Johnning Anna , Frykholm Karolin , Wrande Marie , Müller Vilhelm , Goyal Gaurav , Robertsson Miriam , Dvirnas Albertas , Sewunet Tsegaye , KK Sriram , Ambjörnsson Tobias , Giske Christian G. , Sandegren Linus , Kristiansson Erik , Westerlund Fredrik
Published: February 2023

Background

Identification of pathogens is crucial to efficiently treat and prevent bacterial infections. However, existing diagnostic techniques are slow or have a too low resolution for well-informed clinical decisions.

Methods

In this study, we have developed an optical DNA mapping-based method for strain-level bacterial typing and simultaneous plasmid characterisation. For the typing, different taxonomical resolutions were examined and cultivated pureEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaesamples were used for parameter optimization. Finally, the method was applied to mixed bacterial samples and uncultured urine samples from patients with urinary tract infections.

Results

We demonstrate that optical DNA mapping of single DNA molecules can identifyEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniaeat the strain level directly from patient samples. At a taxonomic resolution corresponding toE. colisequence type 131 andK. pneumoniaeclonal complex 258 forming distinct groups, the average true positive prediction rates are 94% and 89%, respectively. The single-molecule aspect of the method enables us to identify multipleE. colistrains in polymicrobial samples. Furthermore, by targeting plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes with Cas9 restriction, we simultaneously identify the strain or subtype and characterize the corresponding plasmids.

Conclusion

The optical DNA mapping method is accurate and directly applicable to polymicrobial and clinical samples without cultivation. Hence, it has the potential to rapidly provide comprehensive diagnostics information, thereby optimizing early antibiotic treatment and opening up for future precision medicine management.
Simple analytical method for total biogenic amines content determination in wine using a smartphone
Authors: Kalinowska Kaja , Wojnowski Wojciech , Tobiszewski Marek
Published: February 2023

In this study, a simple, fast, and green smartphone-based procedure for total biogenic amines content determination in wine was developed.
Booster-microchannel plate (BMCP) detector for signal amplification in MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for ions beyondm/z50 000
Authors: Haugg Stefanie , Creydt Marina , Zierold Robert , Fischer Markus , Blick Robert H.
Published: February 2023

The developed booster-microchannel plate (BMCP) detector for MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry generates a relative signal amplification of over 20 for ions withm/zin the range of about 50 000–75 000 in comparison to the conventional MCP detector.
The reaction of organic peroxy radicals with unsaturated compounds controlled by a non-epoxide pathway under atmospheric conditions
Authors: Nozière Barbara , Durif Olivier , Dubus Eloé , Kylington Stephanie , Emmer Åsa , Fache Fabienne , Piel Felix , Wisthaler Armin
Published: February 2023

Reactions of organic peroxy radicals (RO2) with alkenes at room temperature were found to proceed by the formation of large peroxy radicals (ROO-R’O2) instead of epoxides, which was reported until now for these reactions in combustion systems.
Charge and energy transfer dynamics in single colloidal quantum dots/monolayer MoS2 heterostructures
Authors: Li Bin , Gao Yuke , Wu Ruixiang , Miao Xiangyang , Zhang Guofeng
Published: February 2023

The charge and energy transfer dynamics in colloidal CdSeTe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs)/monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) heterostructures have been investigated by time-resolved single-dot photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy.
Glycopolymers against pathogen infection
Authors: Gerling-Driessen Ulla I. M. , Hoffmann Miriam , Schmidt Stephan , Snyder Nicole L. , Hartmann Laura
Published: February 2023

Glycomacromolecules show significant potential as antimicrobials. We highlight recent studies on their performance in hindering host cell entry and biofilm formation, and their potential as drug delivery and diagnostic agents.
Tailoring acidic microenvironments for carbon-efficient CO2electrolysis over a Ni–N–C catalyst in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer
Authors: Li Hefei , Li Haobo , Wei Pengfei , Wang Yi , Zang Yipeng , Gao Dunfeng , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe
Published: February 2023

By tailoring the microenvironments of a Ni–N–C catalyst in an acidic MEA electrolyzer, we achieve a CO faradaic efficiency of 95% at 500 mA cm−2, and the CO2loss is reduced by 86% at 300 mA cm−2at pH 0.5, compared to alkaline CO2electrolysis.
A high-sucrose diet causes microbiota composition shift and promotes the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella Typhimurium infection
Authors: Liu Jiaxiu , Liu Huanhuan , Teng Yue , Qin Ningbo , Ren Xiaomeng , Xia Xiaodong
Published: February 2023

A high-sucrose diet causes microbiota composition shift, and promotes the susceptibility of mice to Salmonella Typhimurium infection.
Microwave-assisted Cu(i)-catalyzed one-pot tandem synthesis of pyridoimidazole-fused quinolines as new antimycobacterial agents: DFT and ESI-HRMS study
Authors: Pawar Gaurav , Ghouse Shaik Mahammad , Joshi Swanand Vinayak , Ahmad Md Naiyaz , Dasgupta Arunava , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi , Chopra Siddharth , Nanduri Srinivas
Published: February 2023

One-pot tandem synthesis of diverse pyrido[2′,1′:2,3]imidazo[4,5-c]quinolines as new antimycobacterial agents through a Cu(i)-catalyzed microwave-assisted protocol.
Graphene nanoplatelets and other 2D-materials as protective means against the fading of coloured inks, dyes and paints
Authors: Kotsidi M. , Gorgolis G. , Pastore Carbone M. G. , Paterakis G. , Anagnostopoulos G. , Trakakis G. , Manikas A. C. , Pavlou C. , Koutroumanis N. , Galiotis C.
Published: February 2023

The ability of graphene nanoplatelets and other two-dimensional materials to act as protective barriers against the fading of architectural and artistic paints is reported. These ‘smart’ paints get improved with time improving the lightfastness.
Synergism between LDLB and true CD to achieve angle-dependent chiroptical inversion and switchable polarized luminescence emission in nonreciprocal nanofibrous films
Authors: Li Pengpeng , Zhao Biao , Pan Kai , Deng Jianping
Published: February 2023

Nonreciprocal nanofibrous films may open up a new research field as advanced functional micro- and nanomaterials.
PDMAEMA from α to ω chain ends: tools for elucidating the structure of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)
Authors: Telaretti Leggieri Maria Rosella , Kaldéus Tahani , Johansson Mats , Malmström Eva
Published: February 2023

An in-depth characterization of PDMAEMA prepared by ATRP was conducted, with a focus on end group analysis. This work discusses analytical tools providing essential information about the extent of control over DMAEMA polymerization and chain extension.
Dual fluorescence properties and enhanced thermal stability of SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+ phosphors by coupling with g-C3N4
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Song Hao , Dong Peipei , Zhao Zihan , Zhang Yanjie
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, considerable efforts have been extensively devoted to explore a general strategy for improving the color uniformity and thermal stability of phosphors, which is vital for its applications in health and comfort lighting.
The water splitting cycle for hydrogen production at photo-induced oxygen vacancies using solar energy: experiments and DFT calculation on pure and metal-doped CeO2
Authors: Li Rui , Wen Chang , Yan Kai , Liu Tianyu , Zhang Bohan , Xu Mingtao , Zhou Zijian
Published: February 2023

Water splitting driven by photo-induced oxygen vacancies for H2 production was proved to be facile on metal doped CeO2.
Difluorobenzimidazole-decorated helical perylene diimide dimers for high-performance n-type organic field-effect transistors
Authors: Li Nuoya , Chen Li , Shao Guangwei , Zhao Jingjing , Wu Di , Xia Jianlong
Published: February 2023

N-type benzimidazole and difluorobenzimidazole fused perylene diimide dimer semiconductors were synthesized and a remarkable electronic mobility of 0.13 cm2 V−1 s−1 was obtained for a FMBI-PDI2-based organic field-effect transistor (OFET).
On the mechanism of the bipolar reference electrode
Authors: Walker Nicole L. , Dick Jeffrey E.
Published: February 2023

Conditions under which the bipolar reference electrode (BPRE) acts as a true reference electrode or an unusually stable quasi-reference electrode (BPQRE) are elucidated. This novel reference electrode overcomes many drawbacks of fritted electrodes.
Construction of a 2,2′-biazulene frameworkviaBrønsted acid-promoted annulation of 2,3-di(1-azulenyl)benzofurans
Authors: Shoji Taku , Sakata Naoko , Ariga Yukino , Yamazaki Akari , Katoh Ryuzi , Okujima Tetsuo , Sekiguchi Ryuta , Ito Shunji
Published: February 2023

Dibenzofurans featuring a 2,2′-biazulene framework were prepared in good yields by Brønsted acid-promoted annulation of 2,3-di(1-azulenyl)benzofurans in 100% H3PO4.
Towards an accurate description of one-dimensional pnictogen allotropes in nano-confinements
Authors: Chang Jing , Jiang Tonghuan , Fang Wei , Chen Ji
Published: February 2023

One-dimensional (1D) confined pnictogen shows a diverse range of allotropes and potential applications in electronic devices and the chemical industry.
Unraveling the flexible aromaticity of C13H9+/0/−: a 2D superatomic-molecule theory
Authors: Li Dan , Yan Chen , Yuan Qinqin , Shi Lili , Cheng Longjiu
Published: February 2023

The π electrons of C13H9+/− are dynamically adjusted following the 2D superatomic-molecule theory to satisfy the superatomic sextet rule via superatomic bonds and lone pairs, resulting in flexible local aromaticity.
Phase transformation in the “Brodie graphite oxide–acetonitrile” system – influence of the oxidizing level of the material
Authors: Chumakova N. A. , Popov D. S. , Kaplin A. V. , Rebrikova A. T. , Eremina E. A. , Korobov M. V. , Khrykina O. N.
Published: February 2023

Once-, twice- and thrice-oxidized Brodie graphite oxide materials form similar low temperature (LT) and high temperature (HT) swollen structures with acetonitrile.
Mechanistic insights into template-driven polyoxovanadate self-assembly: the role of internal and external templates
Authors: Repp Stefan , Junginger Kim Lara , Sorsche Dieter , Zorn Theresa , Pöppler Ann-Christin , Kikukawa Yuji , Hayashi Yoshihito , Streb Carsten
Published: February 2023

Insights into the template-induced self-assembly of dodecanuclear polyoxovanadate host–guest complexes is provided by solution and solid-state methods.
Large area inkjet-printed metal halide perovskite LEDs enabled by gas flow assisted drying and crystallization
Authors: Schröder Vincent R. F. , Fratzscher Nicolas , Mathies Florian , Nandayapa Edgar R. , Hermerschmidt Felix , Unger Eva L. , List-Kratochvil Emil J. W.
Published: February 2023

Large area metal halide perovskite LEDs were fabricated by inkjet printing. Homogeneous drying and crystallization was facilitated by a guided and optimized gas flow.
One-pot synthesis of sulfonyl dibenzosuberdiones via In(OTf)3-promoted double Friedel–Crafts reactions of oxygenated arylacetic acids with β-arylvinyl sulfones
Authors: Chang Meng-Yang , Lin Chun-Yi
Published: February 2023

A one-pot easy-to-operate method for the construction of diverse sulfonyl dibenzosuberdiones is developed via In(OTf)3-promoted tandem double Friedel–Crafts reactions of oxygenated arylacetic acids with β-arylvinyl sulfones.
Correction: Interfacial engineering between SnO2/MAPbI3 by maleate pheniramine halides toward carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells with 16.21% efficiency
Authors: Cao Duoling , Li Zuhong , Li Wenbo , Pei Ke , Zhang Xu , Wan Li , Zhao Li , Cherevan Alexey , Eder Dominik , Wang Shimin
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Interfacial engineering between SnO2/MAPbI3 by maleate pheniramine halides toward carbon counter electrode-based perovskite solar cells with 16.21% efficiency’ by Duoling Cao et al., Mater. Chem. Front., 2023, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2qm01149b.
Modulating the electronic structure of atomically dispersed Fe–Pt dual-site catalysts for efficient oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Song Wei-Shen , Wang Mei , Zhan Xiao , Wang Yan-Jie , Cao Dong-Xu , Song Xian-Meng , Nan Zi-Ang , Zhang Li , Fan Feng Ru
Published: February 2023

This work reports a strategy to design atomically dispersed Fe and Pt dual-site catalysts to improve the catalytic activity by the electronic modulation effect between adjacent metal sites.
Localized gelation cellulose separators enable dendrite-free anodes for future zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Xi Chenpeng , Xiao Yuanbin , Yang Chengkai , Li Mengchao , Li Long , Chao Yu , Li Lingyun , He Chunnian , Yu Yan
Published: February 2023

The safety, adaptability, and eco-friendliness of zinc-ion batteries have recently been drawing increased attention.
Deep learning: Applications, architectures, models, tools, and frameworks: A comprehensive survey
Authors: Gheisari Mehdi , Ebrahimzadeh Fereshteh , Rahimi Mohamadtaghi , Moazzamigodarzi Mahdieh , Liu Yang , Dutta Pramanik Pijush Kanti , Heravi Mohammad Ali , Mehbodniya Abolfazl , Ghaderzadeh Mustafa , Feylizadeh Mohammad Reza , Kosari Saeed
Published: February 2023

Deep Learning (DL) is a subfield of machine learning that significantly impacts extracting new knowledge. By using DL, the extraction of advanced data representations and knowledge can be made possible. Highly effective DL techniques help to find more hidden knowledge. Deep learning has a promising future due to its great performance and accuracy. We need to understand the fundamentals and the state‐of‐the‐art of DL to leverage it effectively. A survey on DL ways, advantages, drawbacks, architectures, and methods to have a straightforward and clear understanding of it from different views is explained in the paper. Moreover, the existing related methods are compared with each other, and the application of DL is described in some applications, such as medical image analysis, handwriting recognition, and so on.
Hosting capacity enhancement of hybrid AC/DC distribution network based on static and dynamic reconfiguration
Authors: Taghavi Moein , Delkhosh Hamed , Moghaddam Mohsen Parsa , Fini Alireza Sheikhi
Published: February 2023

The hybrid AC/DC distribution networks will have a crucial role in the future of smart grids due to their adaptiveness to a variety of DC loads and energy resources. Thus, it is necessary to assess and enhance the Hosting Capacity (HC) of these hybrid networks for the integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). One way to increase the HC without further expansion in the grid is using the potential of Network Reconfiguration (NR). This paper proposes an HC enhancement model that includes AC/DC distribution NR. Two types of NR are considered, namely static, that is, embedding the NR capabilities at the planning stage, and dynamic, that is, using remotely controlled switches as an Active Network Management (ANM) scheme. Besides, two unique potential sources of hybrid AC/DC distribution networks that could be used for the HC enhancement are included, that is, reactive power control of Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) and the mesh operation capability. The problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer linear optimal power flow that aims to maximize the RESs HC under thermal and voltage constraints. Also, stochastic programming is utilized for managing the RESs uncertainties. The simulation results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed formulation from various perspectives.
Evidence for non-thermal X-ray emission from the double Wolf-Rayet colliding-wind binary Apep
Authors: del Palacio S. , García F. , De Becker M. , Altamirano D. , Bosch-Ramon V. , Benaglia P. , Marcote B. , Romero G. E.
Published: February 2023

Context. Massive colliding-wind binaries (CWBs) can be non-thermal sources. The emission produced in their wind-collision region (WCR) encodes information of both the shock properties and the relativistic electrons accelerated in them. The recently discovered system Apep, a unique massive system hosting two Wolf-Rayet stars, is the most powerful synchrotron radio emitter among the known CWBs. It is an exciting candidate in which to investigate the non-thermal processes associated with stellar wind shocks.

Aims. We intend to break the degeneracy between the relativistic particle population and the magnetic field strength in the WCR of Apep by probing its hard X-ray spectrum, where inverse-Compton (IC) emission is expected to dominate.

Methods. We observed Apep with NuSTAR for 60 ks and combined this with a reanalysis of a deep archival XMM-Newton observation to better constrain the X-ray spectrum. We used a non-thermal emission model to derive physical parameters from the results.

Results. We detect hard X-ray emission consistent with a power-law component from Apep. This is compatible with IC emission produced in the WCR for a magnetic field of ≈105–190 mG, corresponding to a magnetic-to-thermal pressure ratio in the shocks of ≈0.007–0.021, and a fraction of ∼1.5 × 10−4 of the total wind kinetic power being transferred to relativistic electrons.

Conclusions. The non-thermal emission from a CWB is detected for the first time in radio and at high energies. This allows us to derive the most robust constraints so far for the particle acceleration efficiency and magnetic field intensity in a CWB, reducing the typical uncertainty of a few orders of magnitude to just within a factor of a few. This constitutes an important step forward in our characterisation of the physical properties of CWBs.
New multiple AGN systems with subarcsec separation: Confirmation of candidates selected via the novel GMP method
Authors: Ciurlo A. , Mannucci F. , Yeh S. , Amiri A. , Carniani S. , Cicone C. , Cresci G. , Lusso E. , Marasco A. , Marconcini C. , Marconi A. , Nardini E. , Pancino E. , Rosati P. , Rubinur K. , Severgnini P. , Scialpi M. , Tozzi G. , Venturi G. , Vignali C. , Volonteri M.
Published: February 2023

The existence of multiple active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at small projected distances on the sky is due to either the presence of multiple, inspiraling supermassive black holes, or to gravitational lensing of a single AGN. Both phenomena allow us to address important astrophysical and cosmological questions. However, few kiloparsec-separation multiple AGNs are currently known. Recently, the newly developed Gaia multi-peak (GMP) method provided numerous new candidate members of these populations. We present spatially resolved, integral-field spectroscopy of a sample of four GMP-selected multiple AGN candidates. In all of these systems, we detect two or more components with subarcsec separations. We find that two of the systems are dual AGNs, one is either an intrinsic triple or a lensed dual AGN, while the last system is a chance alignment of an AGN and a star. Our observations double the number of confirmed multiple AGNs at projected separations below 7 kpc at z > 0.5, present the first detection of a possible triple AGN in a single galaxy at z > 0.5, and successfully test the GMP method as a novel technique to discover previously unknown multiple AGNs.
Parametric Decay Instabilities during Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating of Fusion Plasmas, Problems and Possibilities
Authors: Hansen S.K. , Nielsen S.K. , Stober J. , Rasmussen J. , Salewski M. , Willensdorfer M. , Hoelzl M. , Stejner M. ,   the ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2023

We review parametric decay instabilities (PDIs) expected in connection with electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of magnetically confined fusion plasmas, with a specific focus on conditions relevant for the ITER tokamak. PDIs involving upper hybrid (UH) waves are likely to occur in O-mode ECRH scenarios at ITER if electron density profiles allowing trapping of UH waves near the ECRH frequency are present. Such PDIs may occur near the plasma center in ITER full-field scenarios heated by 170 GHz O-mode ECRH and on the high-field side of half-field ITER plasmas heated by 110 GHz or 104 GHz O-mode ECRH. Additionally, 110 GHz O-mode ECRH of half-field ITER scenarios may have low ECRH absorption, due to the electron cyclotron resonance being located on the high-field side of the main plasma. This potentially allows PDIs driven by a significant amount of ECRH radiation reaching the UH resonance in X-mode to occur, as X-mode radiation can be generated by reflection of unabsorbed O-mode radiation from the high-field side wall. The occurrence of PDIs during ECRH may damage microwave diagnostics, such as the electron cyclotron emission and low-field side reflectometer systems at ITER, as well as complicate the calculation of heating and current drive characteristics. However, if PDIs are induced in a controlled manner, they may provide novel diagnostic tools and allow the generation of a moderate fast ion population in plasmas heated only by ECRH.
Radial localization of electron temperature pedestal and ELM-like events using ECE measurements at Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Chaudhary N. , Hirsch M. , Andreeva T. , Geiger J. , Hoefel U. , Rahbarnia K. , Wurden G. A. , Wolf R. C. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: February 2023

A magnetic configuration scan was performed at Wendelstein 7-X stellarator by varying the rotational transform to analyze the plasma confinement for magnetic configurations with different edge magnetic island locations and sizes. For the magnetic configurations, where the 5/5 island chain was moved inside the last closed flux surface, it was observed with electron cyclotron emission measurements that an electron temperature, Te, pedestal develops in the plasma buildup phase and followed by the edge localized mode (ELM)-like crashes. From the mapping of the island to the plasma radius from HINT equilibrium, it was found that the Te pedestal is formed at the island location on the high field side of the plasma. The ELM-like crashes occur at the location of the pedestal and the transport barrier is broken typically with an energy loss of 3-4% during a single ELM-like event. The frequency and the amplitude of the ELM-like crashes were observed to be changing with island size, plasma heating power and density. Additionally during the plasma decay, after the heating was switched-off, a transition to degraded plasma confinement state was observed with changed Te profile gradients, faster decay rate of diamagnetic energy, and increased H-alpha levels.
Current status of ECE system on EAST tokamak
Authors: Zhao Hailin , Ti Ang , Zhou Tianfu , Zhu Zeying , Liu Yong , Ling Bili , Zang Qing , Huang Juan , Gong Xianzu
Published: February 2023

The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic on the experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST) has had a major upgrade since 2020, when EAST heating system also went through a significant upgrade, including one NBI system changed from counter-current to co-current (moving from port F to port D), and the antenna and the installation port of LHW and ICRF system have also been changed. The quasi-optical (QO) antenna of P port ECE system has been redesigned, the main purpose of which is to add one oblique ECE view. The angle with respect to perpendicular to the magnetic field is about 10°, which will facillitate measurement of the electron velocity distribution altered by LHW system. The ellipsoidal mirror has also been moved close to the plasma, about 70 cm away from the plasma center, and the poloidal beam waist radius in the plasma has been optimised to be less than 3 cm. The CECE system has also been moved from port G to port C. The frequency coverage of the CECE system has been upgraded to 104-132 GHz by adding one radio frequency (RF) module. Also in the intermediate frequency (IF) module, 8 narrow-band filters have been added to improve the spacial coverage of the system. On port F, a new superheterodyne radiometer with narrow-band filters in IF module has been installed. It consists of eight channels, the radial coverage is about 8 cm, the main purpose of this new system is to study the fine structure of magnetic island.
Linear programming fictitious play algorithm for mean field games with optimal stopping and absorption
Authors: Dumitrescu Roxana , Leutscher Marcos , Tankov Peter
Published: February 2023

We develop the fictitious play algorithm in the context of the linear programming approach for mean field games of optimal stopping and mean field games with regular control and absorption. This algorithm allows to approximate the mean field game population dynamics without computing the value function by solving linear programming problems associated with the distributions of the players still in the game and their stopping times/controls. We show the convergence of the algorithm using the topology of convergence in measure in the space of subprobability measures, which is needed to deal with the lack of continuity of the flows of measures. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the convergence of the algorithm.
The Influence of Perceived Value of Online Game Users on their Participation in Value Co-creation Behavior
Authors: Xu Haowen
Published: February 2023

Online games have gradually become a form of entertainment and a pastime for many people. In recent years, the growth rate of China’s online game industry has slowed, game users have entered the storage area, and the game industry has entered a stable development stage. More and more game enterprises need to rely on multiple parties to participate in value co-creation to integrate and build game brand value and gain advantages in the industry competition. Based on Perceived Value theory and Value Co-creation theory, this paper constructs a theoretical model of online game users’ Value Co-creation Behavior, analyzes the mediating role of Brand Relationship Quality between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior, and the moderating role of Game Literacy. The study found that Self Fulfillment and Social-emotional Development had significant effects on Autonomous Value Co-creation Behavior and Sponsored Value Co-creation Behavior. In contrast, Character Experience and Recreational Release significantly affected Autonomous Value Co-creation Behavior and Sponsored Value Co-creation Behavior. Brand Relationship Quality mediates between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior; Game Literacy mediates between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior. The moderating effect of Game Literacy in the relationship between Perceived Value and Value Co-creation Behavior is not significant. The above study results have important reference significance for the development of online games.
Protein kinases: Role of their dysregulation in carcinogenesis,
identification and inhibition
Authors: Sarkar Niloy , Singh Amit , Kumar Pankaj , Kaushik Mahima
Published: February 2023

Protein kinases belong to the phosphor-transferases superfamily of enzymes, which
“activate” enzymes via phosphorylation. The kinome of an
organism is the total set of genes in the genome, which encode for all the
protein kinases. Certain mutations in the kinome have been linked to
dysregulation of protein kinases, which in turn can lead to several diseases and
disorders including cancer. In this review, we have briefly discussed the role
of protein kinases in various biochemical processes by categorizing cancer
associated phenotypes and giving their protein kinase examples. Various
techniques have also been discussed, which are being used to analyze the
structure of protein kinases, and associate their roles in the oncogenesis. We
have also discussed protein kinase inhibitors and United States Federal Drug
Administration (USFDA) approved drugs, which target protein kinases and can
serve as a counter to protein kinase dysregulation and mitigate the effects of
oncogenesis. Overall, this review briefs about the importance of protein
kinases, their roles in oncogenesis on dysregulation and how their inhibition
via various drugs can be used to mitigate their effects.
Gentherapien bei den Motoneuronerkrankungen ALS und
SMA
Authors: Günther René
Published: February 2023

Die Diagnose von Motoneuronerkrankungen wie Amyotrophe Lateralsklerose (ALS) und
5q-assoziierte Spinale Muskelatrophie (SMA) bedeuteten in der Vergangenheit
schicksalshafte Machtlosigkeit gegenüber scheinbar unbehandelbaren
Erkrankungen mit schwersten motorisch-funktionellen Einschränkungen und
teils fatalen Krankheitsverläufen. Jüngste Fortschritte im
Verständnis der genetischen Kausalitäten dieser Erkrankungen
kombiniert mit Erfolgen in der Entwicklung von gezielten Gentherapiestrategien
bewirken eine hoffnungsvolle Wende hin zu erstmals effektiven, innovativen
Therapiekonzepten gleichsam als Pionier in der Behandlungsfähigkeit
neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen. Während für die SMA seit
wenigen Jahren Gentherapien bereits zugelassen werden konnten, befindet sich die
Gentherapieerforschung bei der ALS mit ermutigenden Resultaten noch in der
klinischen Prüfung. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick
über die bisher bekannten genetischen Hintergründe von ALS und
SMA sowie deren Gentherapie-Ansätze mit Fokus auf Therapiekandidaten,
die sich in klinischen Prüfungen befinden oder bereits die Markzulassung
erworben haben.