bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Controls on slope-wash erosion rates in the Mojave Desert
Authors: Crouvi O. , Polyakov V. O. , Pelletier J. D. , Rasmussen C.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. This study estimates the rates of soil erosion by slope wash in an arid region and the various factors that control these rates. Decadal-scale erosion rates were estimated on hillslope scales using inventories of 137Cs that were sampled from 46 soil profiles in four different study sites in the Mojave Desert. Calculated mean soil erosion rates per site range from −3.6 to −24.3 t ha−1 yr−1. Higher mean rates were associated with gently sloping sites that exhibit low percentage of rock and vegetation coverage, whereas lower mean rates corresponded to steep and rocky sites. Individual erosion rates were not correlated to slope gradient or curvature but were negatively correlated with the volume fraction of rocks in the upper soil profile (i.e., upslope rock coverage). Since the slopes get rockier as they get steeper, any increase in erosion rates with increasing slope is outweighed by the inhibiting effect of greater rock cover. This, together with sandy-loam soil texture on the steep slopes hinders runoff and erosion. Our findings are supported by soil data that show greater heterogeneity in the degree of calcic soil development and higher soluble salt contents in more gently sloping sites that are characterized by high erosion rates. The erosion rates reported here for the gently sloping sites are higher than rates calculated for semi-arid regions, probably due to the lower rock and vegetation coverage in these sites compared to wetter areas. These rates are also higher than millennial-scale rates estimated for the Mojave Desert on watershed scales, and suggest that at least part of the eroded sediments are stored in the adjacent streams and do not reach the piedmonts.
Empirical atmospheric thresholds for debris flows and flash floods in the southern French Alps
Authors: Turkington T. , Ettema J. , van Westen C. J. , Breinl K.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. Debris flows and flash floods are often preceded by intense, convective rainfall. The establishment of reliable rainfall thresholds is an important component for quantitative hazard and risk assessment, and for the development of an early warning system. Traditional empirical thresholds based on peak intensity, duration and antecedent rainfall can be difficult to verify due to the localized character of the rainfall and the absence of weather radar or sufficiently dense rain gauge networks in mountainous regions. However, convective rainfall can be strongly linked to regional atmospheric patterns and profiles. There is potential to employ this in empirical threshold analysis. This work develops a methodology to determine robust thresholds for flash floods and debris flows utilizing regional atmospheric conditions derived from ECMWF ERA-Interim reanalysis data, comparing the results with rain-gauge-derived thresholds. The method includes selecting the appropriate atmospheric indicators, categorizing the potential thresholds, determining and testing the thresholds. The method is tested in the Ubaye Valley in the southern French Alps (548 km2), which is known to have localized convection triggered debris flows and flash floods. This paper shows that instability of the atmosphere and specific humidity at 700 hPa are the most important atmospheric indicators for debris flows and flash floods in the study area. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates that atmospheric reanalysis data are an important asset, and could replace rainfall measurements in empirical exceedance thresholds for debris flows and flash floods.
Lagrangian descriptors and the assessment of the predictive capacity of oceanic data sets
Authors: Mendoza C. , Mancho A. M. , Wiggins S.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. We use a recently developed Lagrangian transport tool, Lagrangian descriptors, to compare the transport properties of data distributed by AVISO and numerical simulations obtained from the HYCOM model in the Yucatán–Florida current system. Our data correspond to the months from June through August 2010. Structures obtained from HYCOM are noisier than those from AVISO; however, both AVISO and HYCOM succeed in identifying Lagrangian structures that influence the paths of drifters, such as eddies, currents, lobes, etc. We find evidence in which AVISO gives the positions of important hyperbolic trajectories in a manner that is inconsistent with the trajectories of the drifters, while for the same examples HYCOM succeeds to this end.
Modelling the response of the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system, East Antarctica, to uncertain climate forcing over the 21st and 22nd centuries
Authors: Gong Y. , Cornford S. L. , Payne A. J.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The interaction between the climate system and the large polar ice sheet regions is a key process in global environmental change. We carried out dynamic ice simulations of one of the largest drainage systems in East Antarctica: the Lambert Glacier–Amery Ice Shelf system, with an adaptive mesh ice sheet model. The ice sheet model is driven by surface accumulation and basal melt rates computed by the FESOM (Finite-Element Sea-Ice Ocean Model) ocean model and the RACMO2 (Regional Atmospheric Climate Model) and LMDZ4 (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Zoom) atmosphere models. The change of ice thickness and velocity in the ice shelf is mainly influenced by the basal melt distribution, but, although the ice shelf thins in most of the simulations, there is little grounding line retreat. We find that the Lambert Glacier grounding line can retreat as much as 40 km if there is sufficient thinning of the ice shelf south of Clemence Massif, but the ocean model does not provide sufficiently high melt rates in that region. Overall, the increased accumulation computed by the atmosphere models outweighs ice stream acceleration so that the net contribution to sea level rise is negative.
Detailed ice loss pattern in the northern Antarctic Peninsula: widespread decline driven by ice front retreats
Authors: Scambos T. A. , Berthier E. , Haran T. , Shuman C. A. , Cook A. J. , Ligtenberg S. R. M. , Bohlander J.
Published: June 2014

Abstract. The northern Antarctic Peninsula (nAP, < 66° S) is one of the most rapidly changing glaciated regions on Earth, yet the spatial patterns of its ice mass loss at the glacier basin scale has to date been poorly documented. We use satellite laser altimetry and satellite stereo-image topography spanning 2001–2010 to map ice elevation change and infer mass changes for 33 glacier basins. Rates of ice volume and ice mass change are 27.7 ± 8.6 km3 a−1 and 24.9 ± 7.8 Gt a−1. This mass loss is compatible with recent gravimetric assessments, but it implies that almost all the gravimetry-inferred loss lies in the nAP sector. Mass loss is highest for eastern glaciers affected by major ice shelf collapses in 1995 and 2002, where twelve glaciers account for 60% of the total imbalance. However, losses at smaller rates occur throughout the nAP, and at high and low elevation, despite increased snow accumulation along the western coast and at high elevations. We interpret the widespread mass loss to be driven by decades of ice front retreats on both sides of the nAP, and by the propagation of kinematic waves triggered at the fronts into the interior.
O PLANO DE ESTUDO NA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE OS TEMPOS E ESPAÇOS DA FORMAÇÃO POR ALTERNÂNCIA
Authors: Melo Érica Ferreira , Da Silva Lourdes Helena
Published: June 2014

Nos últimos anos, no âmbito do movimento da Educação do Campo, tem ocorrido uma ampliação dos Centros Familiares de Formação por Alternância (CEFFAs). No desenvolvimento de sua proposta pedagógica, os CEFFAs utilizam diversos instrumentos pedagógicos, visando articular os diferentes tempos e espaços que constituem o processo de formação. Dentre eles, o Plano de Estudo se destaca como instrumento central na proposta de integrar as aprendizagens do jovem no ambiente familiar e no ambiente escolar. Apesar desta centralidade, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que analisam este instrumento da Pedagogia da Alternância. Neste sentido, apesar da expansão da Alternância em nossa sociedade, ainda existem questões que precisam ser respondidas: Em que consiste o PE? Quais suas etapas? Quais processos encontram-se envolvidos na sua execução? Na busca de responder essas questões, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as etapas do PE no cotidiano de um CEFFA, especificamente na Escola Família Agrícola Paulo Freire, analisando o seu processo de construção no cotidiano da Escola e das famílias, de maneira a identificar limites e possibilidades deste instrumento na formação dos jovens do campo.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.25478
A EDUCAÇÃO NÃO FORMAL E O MOVIMENTO ESCOTEIRO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O GRUPO ESCOTEIRO PADRE ANCHIETA, ITUIUTABA, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Júnior Astrogildo Fernandes , Borges Daniela Cristina
Published: June 2014

Este texto tem como temática o movimento escoteiro e a educação não formal: um estudo sobre o Grupo Escoteiro Padre Anchieta, Ituiutaba, MG, Brasil.  O objetivo geral  consiste em compreender como o ME pode contribuir na formação de crianças e jovens. A pesquisa teve como referencial metodológico a abordagem qualitativa, por favorecer uma visão ampla do objeto estudado e o envolvimento do pesquisador com a realidade social, política, econômica e cultural. A investigação recorreu a variados instrumentos: pesquisa sobre o “Estado da Arte” da temática; pesquisa bibliográfica; história oral temática; análise de imagens e documentos. Concluiu-se, por um lado, que o ME ainda mantém características militares, cívicas, por outro lado, é uma modalidade da educação não formal que pode contribuir na formação  dos jovens.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.28345
CONCEPÇÕES DE DISCENTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DE FORMOSA (GO) SOBRE O ENSINO DA DISCIPLINA DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Bezerra Rafael Gonçalves , Nascimento Lucy Mirian Campos Tavares
Published: June 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar as percepções sobre o ensino da disciplina de Ciências Naturais de setenta e cinco discentes matriculados em quatro estabelecimentos de ensino de Formosa-GO, dois municipais e dois estaduais. Os pontos investigados foram o nível de dificuldade atribuído a essa disciplina e estratégias didáticas utilizadas pelo professor para a aprendizagem dos alunos. O desenvolvimento do trabalho pautou-se nos princípios da metodologia de pesquisa quali-quantitativa. Para sondar as ideias dos discentes aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas. Os dados obtidos por meio das perguntas foram analisados a partir das técnicas da estatística descritiva e da análise de conteúdo. No que tange à visão acerca da disciplina de Ciências, a maioria dos pesquisados disciplina de Ciências tem um grau de dificuldade mediano, relataram que os fatores que mais influenciam para o interesse são os conteúdos e a maneira pela qual são apresentados aos discentes, como uso de vídeos e experiência, e, por fim, afirmaram que a quantidade excessiva de textos e atividades sem maiores esclarecimentos e participação são fatores que contribuem para o desinteresse nas aulas de Ciências.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.28667
ABORDAGENS DO ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE BIOLOGIA NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Vinholi Júnior Airton José , Ramires Vanessa Ramos
Published: June 2014

O presente estudo se lança na perspectiva do ensino de biologia amparado na discussão da educação inclusiva. Delimitado pelo viés da deficiência visual, conta com orientações de ordem legal, da literatura nacional e internacional, com informações do contexto empírico, com o foco no ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados por meio da disponibilização de órgãos da política de educação, tais como: MEC, INEP, EDUDATA e UNESCO. Organiza-se iniciando por uma breve caracterização do ensino médio no Brasil e no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Na sequência, são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a educação especial, elucidadas por práticas de inclusão nos limites do ensino de biologia. Foi utilizada a experiência do uso de modelagens didáticas tridimensionais táteis sobre célula, confeccionadas junto a uma turma de ensino médio, com a presença de um estudante cego, que revelou possibilidades para que o discente conseguisse relacionar a forma e as funções da célula na constituição do organismo, ampliando seus conhecimentos sobre o conteúdo no espaço formal de aprendizagem.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.29257
CAPITALISMO DEPENDENTE E AS MAZELAS ATRIBUÍDAS À EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA.
Authors: Silva Halline Mariana
Published: June 2014

O presente artigo discutirá a questão educacional brasileira, inserida em um contexto maior do capitalismo dependente e periférico, utilizando como enfoque básico o pensamento de Florestan Fernandes. O centro de sua análise foi pensá-la em termos de formação da classe trabalhadora, com qualidade e acessível, visando possibilitar a construção de uma sociedade democrática e livre.
ANÁLISE DOS MÉTODOS EDUCACIONAIS NO BRASIL: DESCOBRIMENTO AO FINAL DO IMPÉRIO
Authors: Fortes Elenilson Vargas
Published: June 2014

RESUMO: Atualmente, o Brasil possui diversos problemas na educação. Esses problemas se estendem por toda estrutura educacional Brasileira, pois há necessidade de mais investimentos neste setor. Por outro lado, a trajetória de países desenvolvidos sempre está conectada a uma educação de qualidade. Portanto, por que não fazer o mesmo no Brasil? Por que no Brasil não há políticas educacionais concretas que realmente funcionem? Este trabalho busca responder estes questionamentos através de uma revisão bibliográfica de autores que descrevem toda trajetória educacional no Brasil, desde seu descobrimento, no período jesuítico, até o final do Império. Mostrou-se que o tratamento dado à educação no Brasil durante este período foi determinante, influenciando os rumos da educação brasileira na atualidade.   Palavras-chave: Educação Brasileira. Ensino. Políticas Educacionais. Métodos educacionais.
UMA ANÁLISE DOS CURSOS DE LICENCIATURA EM FÍSICA NO IFG/CAMPUS JATAÍ E UFG/CAMPUS JATAÍ
Authors: Campos Daniela Furtado , De Assis Pires - Luciene Lima
Published: June 2014

RESUMO: No presente artigo analisa-se os cursos de Licenciatura em Física ofertados na cidade de Jataí-GO pelo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás (IFG) Câmpus Jataí e Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG) Campus Jataí, indicando divergências e convergências. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; analisou-se as matrizes curriculares dos dois cursos tendo como base teórica dentre outros autores Barone (2008), Queiroz (2001), Santana et al (2005), Mion (2008). Verificou-se que as matrizes curriculares são semelhantes, que as horas destinadas às disciplinas pedagógicas e às disciplinas específicas da Física são bem próximas, com diferença de poucas horas, mesmo assim elas formam professores e não bacharéis, visto que a carga horária está em conformidade com a legislação para formação de professores. Palavras-chave: Formação de professores. Licenciatura em Física. Currículo.
OS DESAFIOS DA INSERÇÃO DA MULHER NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Amaral. Graziele Alves
Published: June 2014

RESUMO: O novo momento do capitalismo, conhecido como Terceira Revolução Industrial caracteriza-se por grandes transformações de natureza econômica, social, política e tecnológica, cujas consequências têm tido relevantes impactos no mundo do trabalho, dentre as quais a instabilidade do emprego, exigindo do profissional a constante busca pela garantia da própria empregabilidade, em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo. Esse cenário abriu espaço para a maior participação da mulher no mercado de trabalho, não só pela necessidade de complementação da renda familiar e pelas novas oportunidades surgidas, mas também pela quebra dos padrões comportamentais que essas mudanças trouxeram. Hoje, a presença expressiva de mulheres em cargos e funções cada vez mais diversificados mostra que elas vêm ampliando seu espaço no âmbito público de produção; contudo, sua antiga situação de discriminação foi apenas atenuada, uma vez que as condições de inserção da mulher no mercado ainda são inferiores em relação às dos homens. Além disso, mesmo emancipada profissionalmente, a mulher tem sido, muitas vezes, desafiada no que diz respeito ao desempenho de papéis ligados a questões de gênero, o que implica continuar sendo a principal responsável pelas funções do lar.
P0R UMA PEDAGOGIA QUEER
Authors: Dinis Nilson Fernandes
Published: June 2014

A Pedagogia Queer nasceu do esforço teórico de pesquisadoras(es) da área da Educação em utilizar conceitos produzidos pela Teoria Queer para pensar novas estratégias pedagógicas não-normativas. O que parece comum a todos(as) pesquisadores(as) da pedagogia queer parece ser justamente essa aposta na possibilidade de se construir novas pedagogias que possibilitem que haja menos discursos normalizadores dos corpos, dos gêneros, da sexualidade, da identidade, das relações sociais, dos processos de ensino-aprendizagem e do pensamento. Pela importância de suas contribuições no campo da Educação, a pedagogia queer pode ser uma importante interlocutora em uma contemporaneidade na qual nossas concepções sobre as múltiplas identidades, sobre o sujeito pedagógico e sobre nossos métodos de ensino-aprendizagem parecem estar em crise arrastados pela multiplicidade de novas identidades sexuais, de gênero, étnico-raciais, e culturais que habitam o espaço escolar.
CRECHES: REALIDADES E NECESSIDADES EM UM MUNDO CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Lemos Dinara Pereira
Published: June 2014

Resumo: A luta pela qualidade da educação nas creches vem se desenrolando a anos e ainda hoje encontra-se em muitas instituições o que ocorria em seus primórdios, ou seja crianças amontoadas em salas mal organizadas e rotinas que não possibilitam o seu bem estar e o seu desenvolvimento pleno. O presente artigo pretende discutir esta caminhada até os dias atuais e apontar alguns elementos sobre a dificuldade que ainda percebemos e a dicotomia existente entre o cuidar e educar.
PERCEPÇÃO DE GRADUANDOS DE ENFERMAGEM ACERCA DO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZADO DAS TEORIAS DE ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Pereira Ângela Lima , Sousa Tony Augusto Serejo , Lima Eunice Cabral , Pereira Adriana Lima , Rezende Wender Lopes , Ribeiro Daiana Bueno
Published: June 2014

Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, de caráter qualitativo, sobre o ensino-aprendizado das teorias de enfermagem que teve como objetivo geral conhecer a percepção de um grupo de graduandos de enfermagem acerca da sua experiência no processo de ensino/aprendizagem das teorias de enfermagem; constando de 10 estudantes do Curso de Enfermagem, homens e mulheres, que cursaram a disciplina de Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem na qual é ministrado o tema teorias de enfermagem. Os dados coletados geraram três grandes categorias, que posteriormente foram subdivididas em subcategorias que emergiram de cada uma destas, como: “Significado das Teorias de Enfermagem”, “Facilidades Vivenciadas Processo de Ensino-Aprendizado das Teorias de Enfermagem”, “Dificuldades Vivenciadas Processo de Ensino-Aprendizado das Teorias de Enfermagem”. Neste trabalho encontramos algumas falas do grupo de acadêmicos pesquisados que nos remetem a uma rápida reflexão sobre a formação profissional frente às premissas já amplamente abordadas por outros pesquisadores. O referente estudo instigou algumas discussões sobre o ensino das teorias de enfermagem para acadêmicos do curso de graduação; desenvolver outros estudos, em realidades diferentes, pode ampliar o conhecimento sobre a visão dos alunos acerca do processo de ensino-aprendizado desta temática, e contribuir para um entendimento maior sobre o mesmo, além de fornecer elementos que favoreçam a identificação de melhores estratégias de ensino.
TRATAMENTO DE FERIDAS: UMA CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA O ENSINO-APRENDIZADO
Authors: Pereira Ângela Lima , Silva Rosângela Maria Pereira , Silva Marcela Martins da , Rezende Wender Lopes , Pereira Adriana Lima , Lima Eunice Cabral , Ribeiro Daiana Bueno
Published: June 2014

A complexidade do processo de avaliação e tratamento de feridas pode desencadear sentimentos de insegurança por parte de profissionais inexperientes. Isto é comum entre estudantes de enfermagem, durante o processo de aprendizado do tema. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção do graduando de enfermagem acerca do processo de ensino/aprendizagem do tratamento de feridas. Trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório, realizado em uma Universidade Privada, em Goiânia, Goiás. Para o grupo pesquisado, o significado do tratamento de feridas esteve relacionado ao cuidado de enfermagem enquanto prática profissional, que favorece a diminuição do sofrimento, prevenção de complicações e conseqüente cura, não somente tecidual, mas também “estética” e psicológica do portador da ferida. Os fatores apresentados como facilitadores do processo de ensino foram, principalmente, a orientação de professor capacitado, uso de estratégias de ensino eficazes que associava teoria e prática. Três fatores foram apontados como dificultadores do processo de ensino: falta de associação teoria e prática, carga horária prática insuficiente, falta de recursos materiais e estrutura física adequada. Desta forma, as Instituições que oferecem o curso de enfermagem precisam preocupar-se em oferecer: estrutura que favoreça o processo de ensino, e professores capacitados.
PANORAMA DA EDUCAÇÃO BRASILEIRA: ASPECTOS PARA A EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À EDUCAÇÃO PARA TODOS
Authors: Santana Cristina Fátima Pires Avila , Ramires Vanessa Ramos
Published: June 2014

Resumo: Pretendemos, neste trabalho, de maneira sumária, apontar a situação educacional brasileira frente aos países pertencentes à Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico – OCDE, com vista a responder às seguintes perguntas: como o Brasil figura em relação aos países da OCDE sob o ponto de vista educacional? Nesse contexto, questionamos como se apresenta a situação do professor referente à formação e à valorização? Para tanto, partimos do Relatório denominado “Panorama da Educação” (edição 2008 e 2009), correlacionado a estudos do contexto nacional e latino-americano. Objetivamos ainda ressaltar pesquisas de fatores associados ao desempenho escolar, em nível internacional e nacional, com a finalidade de reorientar políticas públicas voltadas para a educação. Para isso, descrevemos a situação do sistema educacional brasileiro em perspectiva comparada, iluminada por estudos dos países que compõem o corpus da OCDE. O texto reforça, assim, a importância e a viabilidade de se articular a autonomia do sistema escolar brasileiro com a inventividade necessária para que se elaborem medidas contextualizadas e direcionadas aos reais problemas que assolam nosso universo. Verificamos que muito se conquistou, no entanto, o caminho é longo e cheio de obstáculos, avancemos nas águas mais profundas!
A FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: LICENCIATURA E BACHARELADO
Authors: De Assis Renata Machado , Rodrigues Somália Maria
Published: June 2014

Resumo: Este artigo se constitui de parte de uma pesquisa desenvolvida no ano de 2009, sobre a formação dos professores de Educação Física de Jataí-GO. A intenção é discorrer sobre a formação profissional nesta área, e entender um pouco melhor a existência da dicotomia licenciatura e bacharelado, no que se refere à constituição dos cursos na universidade e às possibilidades do mundo do trabalho, a partir de diferentes visões de alguns autores que publicaram sobre esta temática.
Evaluation of two microwave surface distribution systems designed for substratum and agricultural soil disinfection
Authors: Velázquez-Martí B. , Gracia-López C.
Published: June 2014

Heat treatment by microwave for soil disinfection may represent an alternative to chemical treatments. One of the main problems in the design of microwave applicators for agricultural soil disinfection is to achieve a homogeneous surface energy distribution. This work has been carried out in order to evaluate two systems which can solve this problem: the first one is based on the use of a slotted waveguide and the other is based on overlapping the radiation of several magnetrons working simultaneously. Initially, the systems were modelled using an algorithm based on Maxwell equations in order to give a first overview of the system functioning. In a second step, the models were validated by comparison with thermal maps obtained empirically. As a consequence of this work we propose a redesign of the slotted waveguide system to improve the homogeneity of the temperature distribution over a large radiation area. The overlapping system gave adequate homogeneity for commercial purposes.
Transmission efficiency of different non-persistent viruses infecting melon by four aphid species
Authors: Garzo E.I. , Duque M. , Fereres A.
Published: June 2014

Transmission experiments of different isolates of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were conducted using established colonies of Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), A. fabae Scopoli and A. craccivora Koch as vectors. The transmission procedure used provided an estimate of the virus transmission efficiency for each aphid species. Two different virus isolates/aphid clones were tested for each virus species using the most efficient aphid species as A. gossypii was the most efficient vector of CMV (100 +/- 0%), while M. persicae showed the highest efficiency of transmiting WMV (67.9 +/- 28.5%) and ZYMV (96.4 +/- 3.6%). Both WMV and ZYMV showed variability in their transmission efficiency by aphids. No significant differences were found in the efficiency of the two CMV isolates tested. No differences were observed in the vector transmission ability between clones of each aphid species tested. Results of our transmission studies together with previously known information on the temporal and spatial patterns of virus epidemics in melon crops in Spain suggest that CMV is mainly transmitted by a colonising aphid such as A. gossypii. In contrast, WMV is mainly transmitted by non-colonising transient aphid species such as M. persicae that alight on melon crops during late spring.
Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a One-dimensional Cobalt (II) Coordination Polymer with Two Organic Ligands
Authors: Huang-Fu You-Jing , Pan Hui , Hao Xi-Cai , Bai Yan , Dang Dong-Bin
Published: June 2014

A new Co(II) coordination polymer [Co(Hdpa)2(dpdo)(H2O)2] (1) (H2dpa=2,2`-biphenyldicarboxylic acid, dpdo=4,4`-bipyridine-N,N`-dioxide) has been synthesized and characterized by IR and UV=Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The Co(II) atom has a distorted octahedral coordination environment with a set of oxygen donors from two Hdpa- ligands, two dpdo ligands and two coordinated water molecules. Adjacent cobalt centers are bridged by dpdo ligands thereby generating a chain. In the solid state, the chains further interact with each other and form a 3D supramolecular network via C-H···π interactions and multiform hydrogen bonds.
Strukturen von polaren Magnesiumorganylen: Synthese und Struktur von Basen-Addukten des Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)magnesiums
Authors: Jaenschke Anja , Behrens Ulrich
Published: June 2014

The syntheses and structures of six new pentamethylcyclopentadienyl magnesium complexes are reported. The structure of the known Mg(C5Me5)2 (1) was re-determined to afford more precise distances and angles. When Mg(C5Me5)2 is crystallized from dioxane the complex co-crystallizes with dioxane not bound to magnesium (2). The magnesium complexes [Mg(C5Me5)(OCH2CH2CH2CH2C5Me5)(THF)]2 (3), [Mg(C5Me5)(OMe)(THF)]2 (4) and [Mg(C5Me5)(OOC5Me5)(TMEDA)] (5) were obtained in low yield by reacting Mg(C5Me5)2 with tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethoxyethane, and tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA)=oxygen, respectively. All compounds 3, 4 and 5 have a (C5Me5)Mg unit with Mg-O contacts to the cleavage or oxidation products. The compound [Mg(C5Me5)(15-crown-5)][C5Me5] · 15-crown-5 · toluene (6) was synthesized from Mg(C5Me5)2 and the crown ether 15-crown-5 in toluene. Here one C5Me5 ring was removed from the Mg(II) ion and replaced by a crown ether ligand. Both C5Me5-ligands could be cleaved from the magnesium cation by reacting Mg(C5Me5)2 with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) to give the salt [Mg(DMSO)6]2+ 2[C5Me5]- (7).
Semi-spherical Radiofrequency Bipolar Device – A New Technique for Liver Resection
Authors: Vavra P. , Penhaker M. , Jurcikova J. , Skrobankova M. , Crha M. , Ostruszka P. , Ihnat P. , Grepl J. , Delongova P. , Dvorackova J. , Prochazka V. , Salounova D. , Skoric M. , Rauser P. , Habib N. , Zonca P.
Published: June 2014

The incidence of colorectal carcinoma is still growing in the Czech Republic and also all around the world. With success of oncological treatment is also growing a number of potential patients with liver metastases, who can profit from surgical therapy. The aim of this study was to confirm on porcine models that this method by using new surgical device is effective and safe for patients who have to undergo liver resection. The primary hypothesis of the study was to evaluate whether this new device is able to consistently produce homogeneous and predictable areas of coagulation necrosis without the Pringle maneuver of vascular inflow occlusion. The secondary hypothesis of the study was to compare the standard linear radiofrequency device and a new semi-spherical bipolar device for liver ablation and resection in a hepatic porcine model. Twelve pigs were randomly divided into two groups. Each pig underwent liver resection from both liver lobes in the marginal, thinner part of liver parenchyma. The pigs in first group were operated with standard using device and in the second group we used new developed semi-spherical device. We followed blood count in 0th, 14th and 30th day from operation. 14th day from resection pigs underwent diagnostic laparoscopy to evaluate of their state, and 30th day after operation were all pigs euthanized and subjected to histopathological examination. Histopathological evaluation of thermal changes at the resection margin showed strong thermal alteration in both groups. Statistical analysis of collected dates did not prove any significant ( p < 0.05) differences between standard using device and our new surgical tool. We proved safety of new designed semi-spherical surgical. This device can offer the possibility of shortening the ablation time and operating time, which is benefit for patients undergoing the liver resection.
Effect of Scanning Beam for Superficial Dose in Proton Therapy
Authors: Moskvin Vadim P. , Estabrook Neil C. , Cheng Chee-Wai , Das Indra J. , Johnstone Peter A. S.
Published: June 2014

Proton beam delivery technology is under development to minimize the scanning spot size for uniform dose to target, but it is also known that the superficial dose could be as high as the dose at Bragg peak for narrow and small proton beams. The objective of this study is to explore the characteristics of dose distribution at shallow depths using Monte Carlo simulation with the FLUKA code for uniform scanning (US) and discrete spot scanning (DSS) proton beams. The results show that the superficial dose for DSS is relatively high compared to US. Additionally, DSS delivers a highly heterogeneous dose to the irradiated surface for comparable doses at Bragg peak. Our simulation shows that the superficial dose can become as high as the Bragg peak when the diameter of the proton beam is reduced. This may compromise the advantage of proton beam therapy for sparing normal tissue, making skin dose a limiting factor for the clinical use of DSS. Finally, the clinical advantage of DSS may not be essential for treating uniform dose across a large target, as in craniospinal irradiation (CSI).
Endobronchial/Endoesophageal Ultrasound (EBUS/EUS) Guided Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) and 18F-FDG PET/CT Scanning in Restaging of Locally Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Treated with Chemo-radiotherapy
Authors: Genestreti Giovenzio , Burgio Marco Angelo , Matteucci Federica , Piciucchi Sara , Scarpi Emanuela , Monti Manuela , Bucchi Lauro , Parisi Elisabetta , Crociani Lucia , Gurioli Carlo , Poletti Venerino , Gavelli Giampaolo
Published: June 2014

Chemo-radiotherapy is standard treatment of stage IIIA-N2 bulky or IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Surgical resection of residual disease in downstaged patients may improve overall survival. In this setting, restaging disease is still a challenge. 18F-FDG PET/CT represents the gold standard although accuracy results are disappointing. Endoscopic bronchial/ esophageal ultrasound (EBUS/EUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) may confirm lymph node (LN) involvement. We analyzed 16 patients with stage IIIA-N2 bulky or IIIB NSCLC treated with chemo-radiotherapy. At restaging, all patients performed EBUS/EUS with FNA and PET/CT scan and results were compared. Patients underwent PET/CT scan 43 days (range: 24-89) and EBUS/EUS 42 days (range: 14-71) after therapy. Overall, 7 EBUS and 9 EUS procedures were performed: no complications resulting from the procedure occurred. In 6 patients EBUS/EUS did not reveal any suspicious lesions; in 2 the exam showed enlarged mediastinal LN that were biopsied, but with no evidence of tumor cells; in 2 the sample was not considered diagnostic; 6 had persistent mediastinal LN involvement. PET/CT scan showed 4 cases of complete metabolic response, 9 partial metabolic response, 2 stable metabolic disease and one progressive metabolic disease. Notably, all 7 patients with .80% decrease in SUV with respect to basal value showed a pathological complete response or negative EBUS/EUS. EBUS/EUS could be used to complement PET/CT scanning to verify mediastinal LN clearance. Further prospective trials are warranted to confirm the utility of EBUS/EUS together with PET/CT in restaging locally advanced NSCLC.
The Shape of Parotid DVH Predicts the Entity of Gland Deformation During IMRT for Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Broggi S. , Scalco E. , Fiorino C. , Belli M. L. , Sanguineti G. , Ricchetti F. , Dell’Oca I. , Dinapoli N. , Valentini V. , Di Muzio N. , Cattaneo G. M. , Rizzo G.
Published: June 2014

The Jacobian of the deformation field of the registration between images taken during Radiotherapy is a measure of compression/expansion of the voxels within an organ. The Jacobian mean value was applied to investigate possible correlations between parotid deformation and anatomical, clinical and dosimetric parameters. Data of 84 patients were analyzed. Parotid deformation was evaluated through Jacobian maps of images taken at the start and at the end of the treatment. Several clinical, geometrical and dosimetric factors were considered. Correlation between Jacobian mean value and these parameters was assessed through Spearman’s test. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were performed by considering as the end point the first quartile value of the Jacobian mean value. Parotid dose volume histograms were stratified according to gland deformation, assessing the most predictive dose-volume combination. At multivariate analysis, age ( p = 0.02), overlap between tumor volume and parotid gland ( p = 0.0006) and the parotid volume receiving more than 10 Gy ( p = 0.02) were found as the best independent predictors, by considering Jacobian mean value <first quartile as the end point. By comparing the average dose volume histogram of parotids with Jacobian mean value fist quartile, the parotid volume receiving more than 10 Gy and 40 Gy were found as the most predictive dosimetric parameters. Parotid glands were divided in three different sub-groups (bad-, medium- and good dose volume histogram). The risk to have Jacobian means value lower than first quartile was 39.6% versus 19.6% versus 11.3% in these three groups. By including in the multivariate analysis this “dose volume grouping” parameter, age and bad dose volume histogram were found as the most predictive parameters for large shrinkage. The pattern of parotid deformation may be well predicted by some pre-treatment variables; a bad dose volume histogram seems the most important predictor.
Intermolecular retro‐Cope Type Hydroxylamination of Alkynes with NH
2
OH: (
E
‐1‐(1‐Hydroxycyclohexyl)ethanone oxime)
Authors: Loiseau Francis , Beauchemin André M.
Published: June 2014

1‐Ethynylcyclohexanol

2‐Methyl‐1‐propanol

Hydroxylamine

E

‐1‐(1‐Hydroxycyclohexyl)ethanone oxime
Enantioselective Alkylation of

N

‐(Diphenylmethylene)glycinate
tert
‐Butyl Ester: Synthesis of (

R

)‐2‐(Benzhydrylidenamino)‐3‐Phenylpropanoic Acid
tert
‐Butyl Ester
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Yamamoto Kenichiro , Liu Kun , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2014

N

‐(Diphenylmethylene)glycine
tert
‐butyl ester

Benzyl bromide

Toluene

Potassium hydroxide

(

S

)‐4,4‐Dibutyl‐2,6‐bis(3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐3
H
‐dinaphtho[2,1‐c:1',2'‐e]azepinium bromide

(

R

)‐2‐(Benzhydrylidenamino)‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid
tert
‐butyl ester
Preparation of 3‐Oxocyclohex‐1‐ene‐1‐carbonitrile
Authors: Lujan‐Montelongo Jesus Armando , Fleming Fraser F.
Published: June 2014

Cyclohex‐2‐enone

Pyridine

Hydrogen bromide

Bromine

Methylene chloride

2‐Bromo‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one

Sodium cyanide

Acetic acid

Methanol

3‐Oxocyclohex‐1‐ene‐1‐carbonitrile
One‐Pot Preparation of Cyclic Amines from Amino Alcohols
Authors: Xu Feng , Simmons Bryon
Published: June 2014

2‐Aminophenethyl alcohol

Thionyl chloride

Sodium hydroxide

2‐(2‐Chloroethyl)aniline

Indoline oxalic acid salt
Preparation of
DABSO
from Karl‐Fischer reagent
Authors: Martial Ludovic , Bischoff* Laurent
Published: June 2014

Tetrahydrofuran

1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane

Karl‐Fischer reagent

1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane bis (sulfur dioxide) adduct
Preparation of 1‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐1

H

‐pyrrole from 4‐Phenyl‐1,2‐butadiene
Authors: Ni Shengjun , Zhu Can , Chen Jie , Ma* Shengming
Published: June 2014

Magnesium

Benzylmagnesium bromide

1,2‐Dibromoethane

Benzyl bromide

Dirhodium tetraacetate

Dichloromethane

Acetonitrile

Ethyl α‐diazoacetoacetate

Benzylamine

1‐Acetyl‐2‐phenethylidenecyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester

4‐Phenyl‐1,2‐butadiene

1‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐1

H

‐pyrrole
High cloud increase in a perturbed SST experiment with a global nonhydrostatic model including explicit convective processes
Authors: Tsushima Yoko , Iga Shin‐ichi , Tomita Hirofumi , Satoh Masaki , Noda Akira T. , Webb Mark J.
Published: June 2014

Results are presented from a series of sensitivity tests in idealized global warming experiments using the global nonhydrostatic model, NICAM, in which convection at scales of 7–14 km is explicitly resolved. All have a strong positive longwave cloud feedback larger than that seen in conventional GCMs with parameterized convection. Consequently, the global mean net outgoing radiation decreases in response to increased sea surface temperatures. Large increases in high clouds with tops between 180 and 50 hPa are found, and these changes contribute the most to this longwave cloud feedback. Relative humidity and upper tropospheric temperature also increases strongly, again more so than typically seen in conventional GCMs. The magnitude of the response varies considerably between different versions of NICAM. Most of the NICAM control simulations show large overestimates in cloud fraction between 180 and 50 hPa compared to observations. The changes in cloud fraction in the upper troposphere are strongly correlated with their control values. Versions of NICAM with stronger cloud feedbacks have large positive biases in high‐top cloud amount and temperature in the free troposphere in their control simulations. The version which has the best agreement with the observations in this regard has the weakest longwave cloud feedback; however, this is still more strongly positive than that typically seen in conventional GCMs. These results demonstrate the potential for stronger high cloud fraction feedbacks in climate warming scenarios than currently predicted by conventional GCMs and highlight the potential relevance of deep convective processes.
Robust coupled fluid‐particle simulation scheme in Stokes‐flow regime: Toward the geodynamic simulation including granular media
Authors: Furuichi Mikito , Nishiura Daisuke
Published: June 2014

We present a simulation scheme for solving high‐viscosity fluid and particle dynamics in a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) framework. This simulation scheme is intended to be used for geodynamical magmatic studies such as crystal settling at the melting roof of a magma chamber. The high‐viscosity fluid is treated by the Stokes‐flow approximation, where the fluid interacts with particles via the drag force in a cell‐averaged manner. The particles are tracked with contact forces by DEM. To efficiently solve such Stokes‐DEM coupled equations, we propose two key techniques. One is formulation of particle motion without the inertial term, allowing a larger time step at higher viscosities. The other is a semi‐implicit treatment of the cell‐averaged particle velocity in the fluid equation to stabilize the calculation. We simulate the settling particles in strongly viscous fluids in three dimensions and compare the results with the experimental and theoretical results. Our solution strategy is found to be robust and successfully captures the collective behavior of the particles. The simulation method presented here will be useful in various fields interested in long‐term dynamics of high‐viscosity granular media.
Derivation of paleolongitude from the geometric parametrization of apparent polar wander path: Implication for absolute plate motion reconstruction
Authors: Wu Lei , Kravchinsky Vadim A.
Published: June 2014

Obtaining ancient longitude position of continents in the past has always been a challenge for plate tectonic reconstructions. Paleomagnetism has been commonly used to reconstruct paleolatitudes and relative rotations but not paleolongitudes. In this work, we present a synthesized method to derive paleolongitude by geometrically parametrizing apparent polar wander path (APWP). Great and small circle modeling are implemented concurrently to the identified APWP tracks to calculate the paleomagnetic Euler parameters (stage rotation pole and rotation angle). From the Euler parameters of the optimal fitting option, the absolute motion history can be restored for the reference geometries. Using our method as well as the results from relative plate motion studies, we reevaluate the dispersion history of East Gondwana since 140 Ma. To further test the validity of our method, we compare the predictions from four other absolute motion models mainly in paleolatitude movement, longitudinal variation, and great circle distance, which suggest the most similarity with the global hybrid reference frame.
Cross calibration of NOAA GOES solar proton detectors using corrected NASA IMP‐8/GME data
Authors: Sandberg I. , Jiggens P. , Heynderickx D. , Daglis I. A.
Published: June 2014

Solar proton flux measurements onboard Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) are of great importance as they cover several solar cycles, increasingly contributing to the development of long‐term solar proton models and to operational purposes such as now‐casting and forecasting of space weather. A novel approach for the cross calibration of GOES solar proton detectors is developed using as reference energetic solar proton flux measurements of NASA IMP‐8 Goddard Medium Energy Experiment (GME). The spurious behavior in a part of IMP‐8/GME measurements is reduced through the derivation of a nonlinear intercalibration function. The effective energy values of GOES solar proton detectors lead to a significant reduction of the uncertainties in spectra and may be used to refine existing scientific results, available models, and data products based on measurements over the last three decades. The methods presented herein are generic and may be used for calibration processes of other data sets as well.
Stick‐slip motion of an Antarctic Ice Stream: The effects of viscoelasticity
Authors: Goldberg D. N. , Schoof C. , Sergienko O. V.
Published: June 2014

Stick‐slip behavior is a distinguishing characteristic of the flow of Whillans Ice Stream (Siple Coast, Antarctica). Distinct from stick slip on Northern Hemisphere glaciers, which is generally attributed to supraglacial melt, the behavior is thought be controlled by basal processes and by tidally induced stress. However, the connection between stick‐slip behavior and flow of the ice stream on long time scales, if any, is not clear. To address this question we develop a new ice flow model capable of reproducing stick‐slip cycles similar to ones observed on the Whillans Ice Plain. The model treats ice as a viscoelastic material and emulates the weakening and healing that are suggested to take place at the ice‐till interface. The model results suggest the long‐term ice stream flow that controls ice discharge to surrounding oceans is somewhat insensitive to certain aspects of stick‐slip behavior, such as velocity magnitude during the slip phase and factors that regulate it (e.g., elastic modulus). Furthermore, it is found that factors controlling purely viscous flow, such as temperature, influence stick‐slip contribution to long‐term flow in much the same way. Additionally, we show that viscous ice deformation, traditionally disregarded in analysis of stick‐slip behavior, has a strong effect on the timing of slip events and therefore should not be ignored in efforts to deduce bed properties from stick‐slip observations.
Literacy and Health Disparities
Authors: Prins Esther , Mooney Angela
Published: June 2014

This chapter explores the relationship between literacy and health disparities, focusing on the concept of health literacy. Recommendations are provided for ways to bridge the health literacy gap for learners in adult basic education and family literacy programs.
Early netrin‐1 expression impairs central nervous system remyelination
Authors: Tepavčević Vanja , Kerninon Christophe , Aigrot Marie Stéphane , Meppiel Elodie , Mozafari Sabah , Arnould‐Laurent Raphaelle , Ravassard Philippe , Kennedy Timothy E. , Nait‐Oumesmar Brahim , Lubetzki Catherine
Published: June 2014

Objective

Chronically demyelinated multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are frequently characterized by scarce undifferentiated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), suggesting the exhaustion of a local OPC pool followed by failure of recruitment and differentiation. Stimulating prompt OPC recruitment following demyelination could improve myelin repair by providing sufficient numbers of remyelinating cells during the repair‐permissive period. Understanding mechanisms that determine this process may have important therapeutic implications. We therefore investigated the role of the guidance molecule netrin‐1 in OPC recruitment and central nervous system (CNS) remyelination.

Methods

Netrin‐1 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically in different types of MS lesions and in the murine lysolecithin model of demyelination. The influence of netrin‐1 on CNS remyelination was examined using gain and loss of function experiments.

Results

We show that in MS lesions, astrocytes upregulate netrin‐1 expression early during demyelination and netrin‐1 receptors are expressed by OPCs. In contrast, in the efficiently repairing lysolecithin model of demyelination (astrocyte‐free), netrin‐1 expression is absent during early phases and detected concomitant with completion of OPC recruitment. In vitro migration assays demonstrated that netrin‐1 is a chemorepellent for migrating adult OPCs. In mouse lesions, antibody‐mediated disruption of netrin‐1 function at the peak phase of recruitment increased OPC numbers. Conversely, lentiviral‐mediated induction of netrin‐1 expression prior to OPC recruitment reduced the number of cells recruited and impaired remyelination.

Interpretation

Our findings support the conclusion that netrin‐1 expression within demyelinating MS plaques blocks OPC recruitment, which with repeated demyelinating episodes contributes to permanent remyelination failure. Ann Neurol 2014;76:252–268