bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTEMPLATING SCHOLARSHIP IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Authors: Levy David M.
Published: June 2017

The role of scholarship in contemporary society has not yet been defined. Much ink will yet be spilled, perhaps blood too, before a consensus is achieved.1
Who will keep alive the values of the special collections community in the digital realm if not the collectors and curators who presently make up that community¿̣2
In a book published in 2001, Thomas Hylland Eriksen, a Norwegian anthropologist, describes a chance discovery that led him to new insights:
I was suddenly given an hour of empty time. I had delivered a defective lamp to the shop and found myself in a part of . . .
Bridging the Gap: A View from France
Authors: Desroussilles François Dupuigrenet
Published: June 2017

What kind of formal training and continuing education are provided in France for special collections librarians, and how do they prepare librarians for the variety of educational roles they have to play? To answer these two questions, I will mostly rely on my ten years’ experience as director of ENSSIB (l’Ecole nationale supérieure des sciences de l’information et des bibliothèques), the school that has a monopoly on the initial training of all French librarians and provides most of their continuing education.
Institutional Context
Among the elements of context necessary to assess the French situation, one of the most peculiar is . . .
Staying in the Game
Authors: Allen Susan M.
Published: June 2017

I have been thinking about the future of libraries, especially what I would call “special collections” or “research” libraries, for much of my career. During this time, technology has played an increasingly significant and positive role in libraries. In recent years as others wrote books about the demise of printed books and the end of the library, I dismissed this view and have been content to believe in a future for libraries that many have labeled as “hybrid.” I thought that this hybrid state of books and other printed materials coexisting in libraries alongside digital collections would last a long, . . .
“Get It, Catalog It, Promote It”: New Challenges to Providing Access to Special Collections
Authors: Whittaker Beth M.
Published: June 2017

It is becoming a cliché to state that as research library collections become more homogenous—through the consolidation of purchasing (such as widespread availability of the same electronic serials) and through the increase in digital content accessible to library users regardless of institutional affiliation—special collections will be what sets apart one library from another. This prediction has become so common that it even figures in published library satires.1 Administrators seem to be hearing this message as well. In his plenary address at the 2005 RBMS Preconference, Steven E. Smith, Director of the Cushing Memorial Library and Archives at Texas . . .
Blurring the Boundaries: Collaborative Library and Museum Exhibitions in Los Angeles
Authors: Reed Marcia
Published: June 2017

Is it in the library or the museum? For those of us who work in libraries, archives, or museums where collections occasionally overlap and cross over, this is a frequent question to which one could respond with another question: does it really matter? Rather than trying to answer this question directly, I will instead describe specific objects and exhibition contexts in which library, archival, and museum collections have enjoyed notably positive encounters.
Although it is located on the campus of the Getty Center in Los Angeles alongside the J. Paul Getty Museum, the Research Library at the Getty Research Institute . . .
Library and Archives Canada: A Case Study of a National Library, Archives, and Museum Merger
Authors: Doucet Michelle
Published: June 2017

Library and Archives Canada, more commonly known by its acronym, LAC, is a federal government institution. It was created in 2004 from two predecessor institutions, the National Library and the National Archives, both of which enjoyed highly respected, long-standing professional traditions. The former National Library was founded in 1953. It could be compared to the Library of Congress, though it was about ten times smaller and did not have a mission to serve the Parliament, which has its own library. The National Library existed to serve Canadians and Canadian libraries. The former National Archives, founded in 1872, could be compared . . .
A Drum Speaks: A Partnership to Create a Digital Archive Based on Traditional Ojibwe Systems of Knowledge
Authors: Powell Timothy B.
Published: June 2017

I want to take back, as an ambassador to my people [the Ojibwe], that new lesson I learned [at the Penn Museum (UPM)], we no longer have to be afraid of having pictures taken because they don’t steal the spirit of what’s being taken. They can invigorate and enliven and inspire knowledge and wisdom and learning … Digital imaging is a new thing … that can [bring to life these Ojibwe artifacts] for our kids and our generation … We’re going to digitally image some of the things and take them back to our people … All of these things . . .
The Long-Term Significance of Printed Ephemera
Authors: Twyman Michael
Published: June 2017

Since it is unlikely that every RBM reader is a committed ephemerist, I shall begin with a few generalities that, I daresay, will be all too familiar to many. The word “ephemera” is Greek in derivation and stems from the words EPI = through and HEMERA = the day, which is why those with a more thorough classical education than I have had pronounce the word ephemera with a long middle “e.” On this particular matter I am firmly with most Americans in saying ephemera (with a short “e”). The word is by no means new, and has long been ...
Why Not Ephemera? The Emergence of Ephemera in Libraries
Authors: Barnhill Georgia B.
Published: June 2017

There are multiple ways of approaching the topic of ephemera in libraries. I want to begin with some personal comments that reflect on my experience with ephemera, demonstrate the potential scholarly interest in ephemera by citing several recent publications that make excellent use of such collections, and share the results of some informal conversations with curators in other institutions. I will close by considering our experiences at the American Antiquarian Society (AAS), where I have been aware of ephemera as a classification of material for over thirty years.As director of the AAS’s new Center for Historic American Visual Culture— ...
A Network and its Ephemera before the Internet: The Hidden Treasures and Clear Challenges of Apazines
Authors: Prickman Gregory J.
Published: June 2017

Subcultures produce many types of ephemera, and they often have linguistic conventions that accompany them. To those outside, words such as “minac,” “egoboo,” “annish,” and “akicif ” have little meaning, but they are all examples from a particular subculture’s ephemeral publication that even goes by a name that is obscure: the apazine. What is an apazine, why are they increasingly important, and how is this type of ephemeral material made accessible? These questions can be answered by looking at how apazines developed and the characteristics of the subculture of science fiction fandom that created them.Message boards, listservs, and other ...
Access to Historical Works in a French Library: Documents for Monastic History in the Médiathèque d’Arles
Authors: Kellsey Charlene
Published: June 2017

Despite ever-increasing electronic access to a wide variety of information resources, academic librarians need to remember that a significant number of historical documents are not available in digital form; nor have the catalogs or bibliographies containing these documents been digitized. While it is true that many libraries in Europe, as well as the United States, now make their general library catalogs available on the Internet, frequently there existed manuscripts and documents that never were included in the original card catalog that served as the basis for the online catalog. Thus, the historical scholar must depend on reference sources, such as . . .
Contribuições da teoria da complexidade para a inovação no planejamento pedagógico do ensino superior
Authors: Aparecida Behrens Marilda , De Melo Nicola Rosane
Published: June 2017

Este artigo visa a identificar elementos que apontam para uma postura interdisciplinar de 18 docentes de uma instituição privada de ensino superior, expressos nos programas de disciplina produzidos durante oficinas de formação continuada institucional, com apoio da Finep – Inovação e Pesquisa, em 2016. Nesse contexto, os docentes são desafiados a superar a visão tradicional de ensino e buscar metodologias de aprendizagem ativa para inovar sua prática pedagógica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo exploratório que, com base na teoria da complexidade (MORIN, 2000), realiza uma análise documental dos programas, considerando os itens que compõem o documento, por meio de categorias de análise, como integração e inter-relação entre as partes. A análise aponta para ementas integradoras de temas de estudo; uso expressivo de aprendizagem por pares, aprendizagem baseada em problemas e sala de aula invertida; 15 programas com resultados de aprendizagem que preveem aspectos interdisciplinares orientados para a lógica procedimental, na busca da funcionalidade social (profissionalizante); e três programas com resultados de aprendizagem que propõem aspectos interdisciplinares voltados para a lógica subjetiva, dirigida para as dimensões humanas e afetivas. Os resultados revelam avanços de postura interdisciplinar do professor no modelo de programa de disciplina proposto. Essa visão integradora do planejamento prepara o docente para uma abordagem interdisciplinar e representa um exercício relevante de compreensão da unicidade e complexidade do fato educativo.
Summaê: um espaço criativo para aprendizagem
Authors: Ramos Fragelli Ricardo , Branquinho Oliveira Fragelli Thaís
Published: June 2017

Este artigo apresenta alguns avanços sobre uma metodologia ativa conhecida como Summaê, utilizada em várias regiões do país e em diversos campos do conhecimento. A primeira publicação sobre esse tema data de 2012 e, apesar de os fundamentos serem os mesmos das primeiras experiências feitas em turmas de Engenharia, algumas adaptações foram realizadas para que pudesse ser aplicado de modo mais abrangente, inclusive na educação a distância e na educação corporativa. Além de apresentar a metodologia de forma mais consistente e detalhada, são analisados resultados qualitativos de 18 professores que participaram diretamente da organização de Summaês em suas instituições, com o intuito de estudar as possíveis dificuldades encontradas, principais vantagens, reações dos estudantes e seu engajamento sob a óptica do professor. Os resultados mostram que os docentes tiveram pouca ou nenhuma dificuldade na realização do Summaê e as principais reações dos estudantes foram de motivação, alegria, aproximação, divertimento, entusiasmo, concentração e espírito de equipe.
Autoavaliação e avaliação pelos pares: uma análise de pesquisas internacionais recentes
Authors: Barroso da Costa Carla
Published: June 2017

Uma revisão de artigos publicados em dois periódicos internacionais – Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education e Active Learning in Higher Education – sobre autoavaliação e avaliação pelos pares, nos últimos sete anos (2010-2016), é o objetivo maior deste estudo. Uma análise detalhada dos artigos coloca em evidência diversos benefícios ligados a esses processos de regulação tão presentes no desenvolvimento de metodologias ativas de aprendizagem, como o melhor desempenho dos estudantes nas disciplinas e maior interação entre os membros do grupo. No entanto, limites são também identificados, como a necessidade de realizar retroações claras e pertinentes, assim como de associar os tópicos de estudo, para que esses processos de regulação façam sentido.
Evaluation of Plantar Pressure Distribution in Relationship to Body Mass Index in Czech Women During Walking
Authors: Tománková Kristína , Přidalová Miroslava , Svoboda Zdenek , Cuberek Roman
Published: June 2017

Background:

Excessive body weight seems to be a risk factor for foot loading. We sought to investigate the effect of different body mass index (BMI) levels on plantar pressure distribution during walking.

Methods:

In total, 163 women aged 45 to 65 years (mean ± SD: age, 57.4 ± 5.3 years; BMI, 27.0 ± 5.3) participated in the study. The women were divided, on the basis of BMI, into a normal-weight, overweight, or obese group. The study used the four following plantar pressure parameters (PPPs): contact percentage, absolute pressure impulse, relative pressure impulse, and absolute peak pressure, which were recorded in ten foot regions using a pressure measurement system.

Results:

The normal-weight group, compared with the overweight and obese groups, had significantly lower absolute PPP values. In the hallux, second through fifth metatarsals, midfoot, and heel regions, we observed significant between-group differences in the two absolute PPPs (peak pressure and pressure impulse) (P < .001). Between-group differences in the relative PPPs were found in the fourth metatarsal, midfoot, and medial heel (relative impulse) and in the second metatarsal (contact percentage) (P < .001).

Conclusions:

Higher BMI values correspond to a higher load on the foot during walking in women. The relative foot load in obese women is characterized by a pressure increase in the lateral forefoot and midfoot and by a pressure decrease in the medial heel.
Lower-Extremity Infections Caused by Serratia marcescens
Authors: Marin Luis , Rowan Raymond , Mantilla Ana , Olupona Bamidele , MacIntyre Ann
Published: June 2017

Serratia marcescens is a ubiquitous, facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative bacillus that has been cited to cause infection in immunocompromised populations. In the literature, S marcescens infections of the lower extremity have presented as granulomatous ulceration, abscess, bullous cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Herein we present a series of three cases of lower-extremity infections in which S marcescens was the sole or a contributing pathogen. We discuss the commonalities of these three cases as well as with those previously cited. All three patients presented with some combination of a similar set of clinical characteristics, including bullae formation, liquefactive necrosis, and black necrotic eschar. All three patients were diabetic and had peripheral vascular disease.
Oldest Mummified Case of Hallux Valgus from Ancient Egypt
Authors: Isidro Albert , Malgosa Assumpció
Published: June 2017

Hallux valgus is the most common orthopedic problem of the adult foot. The etiology can be congenital, associated with the occurrence of metatarsus primus varus, or acquired, which is closely related to wearing ill-fitting shoes. Hallux valgus occurs almost exclusively in shod societies and, therefore, is a very uncommon finding in archaeological remains. We present a partial first ray of the left foot belonging to a dismembered Egyptian mummy recovered in the necropolis of Sharuna (Middle Egypt) and dated to the end of the Old Kingdom (circa 2100 BC). The mummification process led to a metatarsophalangeal joint in connection by means of soft tissues. The alignment of this joint could be diagnosed as a hallux valgus. Further examination showed a metatarsophalangeal angle of 28°. After a comprehensive literature search and noting that all of the previous cases were described by indirect factors, such as mounting the joint in dry bones, we can state with certainty that the piece we present herein is the oldest case of mummified hallux valgus.
Transient acidosis while retrieving a fear-related memory enhances its lability
Authors: Du Jianyang , Price Margaret P , Taugher Rebecca J , Grigsby Daniel , Ash Jamison J , Stark Austin C , Hossain Saad Md Zubayer , Singh Kritika , Mandal Juthika , Wemmie John A , Welsh Michael J
Published: June 2017

Attenuating the strength of fearful memories could benefit people disabled by memories of past trauma. Pavlovian conditioning experiments indicate that a retrieval cue can return a conditioned aversive memory to a labile state. However, means to enhance retrieval and render a memory more labile are unknown. We hypothesized that augmenting synaptic signaling during retrieval would increase memory lability. To enhance synaptic transmission, mice inhaled CO2 to induce an acidosis and activate acid sensing ion channels. Transient acidification increased the retrieval-induced lability of an aversive memory. The labile memory could then be weakened by an extinction protocol or strengthened by reconditioning. Coupling CO2 inhalation to retrieval increased activation of amygdala neurons bearing the memory trace and increased the synaptic exchange from Ca2+-impermeable to Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors. The results suggest that transient acidosis during retrieval renders the memory of an aversive event more labile and suggest a strategy to modify debilitating memories.
Tandem hnRNP A1 RNA recognition motifs act in concert to repress the splicing of survival motor neuron exon 7
Authors: Beusch Irene , Barraud Pierre , Moursy Ahmed , Cléry Antoine , Allain Frédéric Hai-Trieu
Published: June 2017

HnRNP A1 regulates many alternative splicing events by the recognition of splicing silencer elements. Here, we provide the solution structures of its two RNA recognition motifs (RRMs) in complex with short RNA. In addition, we show by NMR that both RRMs of hnRNP A1 can bind simultaneously to a single bipartite motif of the human intronic splicing silencer ISS-N1, which controls survival of motor neuron exon 7 splicing. RRM2 binds to the upstream motif and RRM1 to the downstream motif. Combining the insights from the structure with in cell splicing assays we show that the architecture and organization of the two RRMs is essential to hnRNP A1 function. The disruption of the inter-RRM interaction or the loss of RNA binding capacity of either RRM impairs splicing repression by hnRNP A1. Furthermore, both binding sites within the ISS-N1 are important for splicing repression and their contributions are cumulative rather than synergistic.
Warburg’s vision
Authors: Hurley James B
Published: June 2017

Genetic tools help to dissect the relationship between aerobic glycolysis and anabolic metabolism in the retinas of mice.
Vol 7, No 2 (2017)
Authors: Issue Full
Published: June 2017

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Corporate Social Responsibility in Connection with Business Closures and Downsizing: A Literature Review
Authors: Ahlstrand Roland , Rydell Alexis
Published: June 2017

The aim of this paper was to review the research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in connection with business closures and downsizing to identify gaps in our knowledge. The study consisted of a systematic review of 24 refereed articles. The review identified four themes in the literature on CSR in connection with business closure and downsizing, namely CSR, transition programs and the local community; CSR and business strategy; CSR, power and reputation; and lastly, other articles on CSR in connection with business closures and downsizing. The review revealed a lack of understanding of the reasons, outcomes and methodology of CSR development in connection with business closures and downsizing.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Closures, Downsizing, Literature Review

To cite this document: Roland Ahlstrand and Alexis Rydell, "Corporate Social Responsibility in Connection with Business Closures and Downsizing: A Literature Review", Contemporary Management Research, Vol.13, No.1, pp. 53-78, 2017.

Permanent link to this document:

http://dx.doi.org/10.7903/cmr.17291
Institutional change to support regime transformation: Lessons from Australia's water sector
Authors: Werbeloff Lara , Brown Rebekah , Cocklin Chris
Published: June 2017

Institutional change is fundamental to regime transformation, and a necessary part of moving toward integrated water management. However, insight into the role of institutional change processes in such transitions is currently limited. A more nuanced understanding of institutional frameworks is necessary, both to advance understanding of institutional change in the context of transitions toward improved water management and to inform strategies for guiding such processes. To this end, we examine two contemporary cases of transformative change in Australia's urban water sector, exploring the evolution of institutional change in each city. This paper offers insights into regime transformation, providing guidance on types of institutional structures and the ways structure‐change initiatives can be sequenced to support a transition. The results reveal the importance of regulation in embedding regime change and suggest that engagement with structural frameworks should begin early in transition processes to ensure the timely introduction of supporting regulation. Our findings also highlight the inextricable link between culture‐based and structure‐based change initiatives, and the importance of using a diverse range of institutional change mechanisms in a mutually reinforcing way to provide a strong foundation for change. These findings provide a foundation for further scholarly examination of institutional change mechanisms, while also serving to inform the strategic activities of transition‐oriented organizations and actors.
Comparison of DVH‐based plan verification methods for VMAT: ArcCHECK‐3DVH system and dynalog‐based dose reconstruction
Authors: Saito Masahide , Kadoya Noriyuki , Sato Kiyokazu , Ito Kengo , Dobashi Suguru , Takeda Ken , Onishi Hiroshi , Jingu Keiichi
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this study was comparing dose‐volume histogram (DVH)‐based plan verification methods for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) pretreatment QA. We evaluated two 3D dose reconstruction systems: ArcCHECK‐3DVH system (Sun Nuclear corp.) and Varian dynalog‐based dose reconstruction (DBDR) system, developed in‐house. Fifteen prostate cancer patients (67.6 Gy/26 Fr), four head and neck cancer patient (66 Gy/33 Fr), and four esophagus cancer patients (60 Gy/30 Fr) treated with VMAT were studied. First, ArcCHECK measurement was performed on all plans; simultaneously, the Varian dynalog data sets that contained the actual delivered parameters (leaf positions, gantry angles, and cumulative MUs) were acquired from the Linac control system. Thereafter, the delivered 3D patient dose was reconstructed by 3DVH software (two different calculating modes were used: High Sensitivity (3DVH‐HS) and Normal Sensitivity (3DVH‐NS)) and in‐house DBDR system. We evaluated the differences between the TPS‐calculated dose and the reconstructed dose using 3D gamma passing rates and DVH dose index analysis. The average 3D gamma passing rates (3%/3 mm) between the TPS‐calculated dose and the reconstructed dose were 99.1 ± 0.6%, 99.7 ± 0.3%, and 100.0 ± 0.1% for 3DVH–HS, 3DVH–NS, and DBDR, respectively. For the prostate cases, the average differences between the TPS‐calculated dose and reconstructed dose in the PTV mean dose were 1.52 ± 0.50%, −0.14 ± 0.55%, and −0.03 ± 0.07% for 3DVH–HS, 3DVH–NS, and DBDR, respectively. For the head and neck and esophagus cases, the dose difference to the TPS‐calculated dose caused by an effect of heterogeneity was more apparent under the 3DVH dose reconstruction than the DBDR. Although with some residual dose reconstruction errors, these dose reconstruction methods can be clinically used as effective tools for DVH‐based QA for VMAT delivery.
Injection of Microporous Annealing Particle (MAP) Hydrogels in the Stroke Cavity Reduces Gliosis and Inflammation and Promotes NPC Migration to the Lesion
Authors: Nih Lina R. , Sideris Elias , Carmichael S. Thomas , Segura Tatiana
Published: June 2017

With the number of deaths due to stroke decreasing, more individuals are forced to live with crippling disability resulting from the stroke. To date, no therapeutics exist after the first 4.5 h after the stroke onset, aside from rest and physical therapy. Following stroke, a large influx of astrocytes and microglia releasing proinflammatory cytokines leads to dramatic inflammation and glial scar formation, affecting brain tissue's ability to repair itself. Pathological conditions, such as a stroke, trigger neural progenitor cells (NPCs) proliferation and migration toward the damaged site. However, these progenitors are often found far from the cavity or the peri‐infarct tissue. Poststroke tissue remodeling results in a compartmentalized cavity that can directly accept a therapeutic material injection. Here, this paper shows that the injection of a porous hyaluronic acid hydrogel into the stroke cavity significantly reduces the inflammatory response following stroke while increasing peri‐infarct vascularization compared to nonporous hydrogel controls and stroke only controls. In addition, it is shown that the injection of this material impacts NPCs proliferation and migration at the subventricular zone niche and results, for the first time, in NPC migration into the stroke site.
Bioactive nanofibrous structures based on hyaluronic acid
Authors: Pabjańczyk‐Wlazło Ewelina , Król Paulina , Krucińska Izabella , Chrzanowski Michał , Puchalski Michał , Szparaga Grzegorz , Kadłubowski Sławomir , Boguń Maciej
Published: June 2017

Studies related to selection of molar mass of hyaluronic acid and analysis of rheological properties of hyaluronic acid solutions modified with bioactive substances, used in spinning, were undertaken within the presented work. A cephalosporin group antibiotic, Biofuroxime®, was used, together with the nanoadditives zinc oxide (ZnO) and hydroxyapatite (HAp). Electrospinning studies were performed on selected solutions using a large scale laboratory station, allowing the process to be performed using three nozzles supplying the spinning solution. Optimum electrospinning conditions were selected on the basis of the performed study, which allow fibrous structures made of elementary fibres with diameters below 200 nm to be obtained. Studies showed that the most preferred distance between the nozzle and the collecting manifold was 450 mm and the most preferred applied voltage was 30 kV. The obtained, modified nanofibres of hyaluronic acid comprise structures for use in the production of biomaterials with a wide range of applications in tissue engineering.
New Ultrasound Technology Is a Useful Training Adjunct for Invasive Procedures
Authors: Wilson Casey Lee , Keefe Devin , Ehmann Michael R.
Published: June 2017

Background

The use of ultrasound for procedural guidance is an essential skill in emergency medicine (EM) and a required Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) competency for residents. Resident learners develop their skill set through hands‐on training and may benefit from an intervention that encourages proper technique, bolsters confidence, and improves procedural success. Clear Guide ONE, a Food and Drug Administration–approved technology, overlays real‐time virtual instrument navigation onto ultrasound displays to allow visualization of expected instrument trajectory prior to needle puncture, ensuring alignment with the target.

Objectives

This study investigated computer‐assisted instrument guidance as an educational tool for residents in a simulation environment. Primarily, the study evaluated residents’ procedural speed and accuracy using ultrasound with and without the guidance device.

Methods

A total of 34 residents were observed performing ultrasound‐guided needle placement in ballistic gel models with and without computer assistance in a simulation‐based observational crossover study. Scan time before needle insertion, time to target, total procedure time, number of needle redirections, and procedural accuracy were measured. A total of 104 observations were recorded with 52 in each group. Paired‐sample t‐test analysis was used to compare group performance. Secondary outcomes were derived from survey data assessing resident opinions about the device.

Results

The computer‐guidance group significantly outperformed the ultrasound‐alone group in mean time to target, number of needle redirections, and procedural accuracy. There was no significant difference in mean scan time before needle insertion or total procedure time. Fifty percent of residents preferred the guidance system. Most residents (67%, n = 23) reported that the device increased confidence and the majority (94%, n = 32) reported perceived improvement in speed, accuracy, or both.

Conclusions

Use of computer assistance technology for sonographic instrument guidance was successful in improving procedural accuracy, number of needle redirections, and time to target performance metrics and was well received by residents. This educational study suggests that this technology may emerge as a valuable tool in training EM residents to utilize ultrasound for procedures.
Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians’ Use of Point‐of‐care Ultrasound and Barriers to Implementation: A Regional Pilot Study
Authors: Gold Delia L. , Marin Jennifer R. , Haritos Demetris , Melissa Skaugset L. , Kline Jennifer M. , Stanley Rachel M. , Way David P. , Bahner David P.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) has been identified as a critical skill for pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians. The purpose of this study was to profile the current status of PEM POCUS in pediatric emergency departments (EDs).

Methods

An electronic survey was distributed to PEM fellows and attending physicians at four major pediatric academic health centers. The 24‐item questionnaire covered professional demographics, POCUS experience and proficiency, and barriers to the use of POCUS in pediatric EDs. We used descriptive and inferential statistics to profile respondent's PEM POCUS experience and proficiency and Rasch analysis to evaluate barriers to implementation.

Results

Our return rate was 92.8% (128/138). Respondents were attending physicians (68%) and fellows (28%). Most completed pediatric residencies prior to PEM fellowship (83.6%). Almost all had some form of ultrasound education (113/128, 88.3%). Approximately half (46.9%) completed a formal ultrasound curriculum. More than half (53.2%) said their ultrasound education was pediatric‐specific. Most participants (67%) rated their POCUS proficiency low (Levels 1–2), while rating proficiency in other professional competencies (procedures 52%, emergency stabilization 70%) high (Levels 4–5). There were statistically significant differences in POCUS proficiency between those with formal versus informal ultrasound education (p < 0.001) and those from pediatric versus emergency medicine residencies (p < 0.05). Participants identified both personal barriers discomfort with POCUS skills (76.7%), insufficient educational time to learn POCUS (65%), and negative impact of POCUS on efficiency (58.5%)—and institutional barriers to the use of ultrasound‐consultants will not use ultrasound findings from the ED (60%); insufficient mentoring (64.7%), and POCUS not being a departmental priority (57%).

Conclusions

While POCUS utilization continues to grow in PEM, significant barriers to full implementation still persist. One significant barrier relates to the need for dedicated time to learn and practice POCUS to achieve sufficient levels of proficiency for use in practice.
Craniosynostosis in patients with RASopathies: Accumulating clinical evidence for expanding the phenotype
Authors: Ueda Kimiko , Yaoita Masako , Niihori Tetsuya , Aoki Yoko , Okamoto Nobuhiko
Published: June 2017

RASopathies are phenotypically overlapping genetic disorders caused by dysregulation of the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. RASopathies include Noonan syndrome, cardio‐facio‐cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, Costello syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, Legius syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, Noonan‐like syndrome, hereditary gingival fibromatosis, and capillary malformation/arteriovenous malformation syndrome. Recently, six patients with craniosynostosis and Noonan syndrome involving KRAS mutations were described in a review, and a patient with craniosynostosis and Noonan syndrome involving a SHOC2 mutation has also been reported. Here, we describe patients with craniosynostosis and Noonan syndrome due to de novo mutations in PTPN11 and patients with craniosynostosis and CFC syndrome due to de novo mutations in BRAF or KRAS. All of these patients had cranial deformities in addition to the typical phenotypes of CFC syndrome and Noonan syndrome. In RASopathy, patients with cranial deformities, further assessments may be necessary to look for craniosynostosis. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the pathogenic mechanism responsible for craniosynostosis mediated by the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway.
Deficiency of WARS2, encoding mitochondrial tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase, causes severe infantile onset leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Theisen Benjamin E. , Rumyantseva Anastasia , Cohen Julie S. , Alcaraz Wendy A. , Shinde Deepali N. , Tang Sha , Srivastava Siddarth , Pevsner Jonathan , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Fatemi Ali
Published: June 2017

Pathogenic variants in the mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNA synthetases lead to deficiencies in mitochondrial protein synthesis and are associated with a broad range of clinical presentations usually with early onset and inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Of the 19 mitochondrial aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, WARS2, encoding mitochondrial tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase, was as of late the only one that had not been associated with disease in humans. A case of a family with pathogenic variants in WARS2 that caused mainly intellectual disability, speech impairment, aggressiveness, and athetosis was recently reported. Here we substantially extend and consolidate the symptomatology of WARS2 by presenting a patient with severe infantile‐onset leukoencephalopathy, profound intellectual disability, spastic quadriplegia, epilepsy, microcephaly, short stature, failure to thrive, cerebral atrophy, and periventricular white matter abnormalities. He was found by whole‐exome sequencing to have compound heterozygous variants in WARS2, c.938A>T (p.K313M) and c.298_300delCTT (p.L100del). De novo synthesis of proteins inside mitochondria was reduced in the patient's fibroblasts, leading to significantly lower steady‐state levels of respiratory chain subunits compared to control and resulting in lower oxygen consumption rates.
A Switchable Open/closed Polyaromatic Macrocycle that Shows Reversible Binding of Long Hydrophilic Molecules
Authors: Kurihara Kohei , Yazaki Kohei , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito
Published: June 2017

In spite of wide‐ranging previous studies on synthetic macrocycles, the installation of open–close functions into the frameworks remains a challenge. We present a new polyaromatic macrocycle capable of switching between open and closed forms in response to external stimuli, namely, base and acid. The macrocycle, which is prepared in three steps, has a well‐defined hydrophobic cavity with a length of around 1 nm, surrounded by four pH‐responsive acridinium panels. The open and closed structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. The cylindrical cavity can bind long hydrophilic molecules up to 2.7 nm in length in neutral water and then release the bound guests through a reversible open‐to‐closed structural change upon simple addition of base.
Geometry‐Retentive C‐Alkenylation of Lithiated α‐Aminonitriles: Quaternary α‐Alkenyl Amino Acids and Hydantoins
Authors: Mas‐Roselló Josep , Hachisu Shuji , Clayden Jonathan
Published: June 2017

α‐Amino nitriles tethered to alkenes through a urea linkage undergo intramolecular C‐alkenylation on treatment with base by attack of the lithionitrile derivatives on the N′‐alkenyl group. A geometry‐retentive alkene shift affords stereospecifically the E or Z isomer of the 5‐alkenyl‐4‐iminohydantoin products from the corresponding starting E‐ or Z‐N′‐alkenyl urea, each of which may be formed from the same N‐allyl precursor by stereodivergent alkene isomerization. The reaction, formally a nucleophilic substitution at an sp2 carbon atom, allows the direct regioselective incorporation of mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and tetrasubstituted olefins at the α‐carbon of amino acid derivatives. The initially formed 5‐alkenyl iminohydantoins may be hydrolyzed and oxidatively deprotected to yield hydantoins and unsaturated α‐quaternary amino acids.
Remarkable SERS Activity Observed from Amorphous ZnO Nanocages
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Shi Wenxiong , Jin Zhao , Huang Weifeng , Lin Jie , Ma Guanshui , Li Shuzhou , Guo Lin
Published: June 2017

Enhancement of the semiconductor–molecule interaction, in particular, promoting the interfacial charge transfer process (ICTP), is key to improving the sensitivity of semiconductor‐based surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Herein, by developing amorphous ZnO nanocages (a‐ZnO NCs), we successfully obtained an ultrahigh enhancement factor of up to 6.62×105. This remarkable SERS sensitivity can be attributed to high‐efficiency ICTP within a‐ZnO NC molecule system, which is caused by metastable electronic states of a‐ZnO NCs. First‐principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations further confirmed a stronger ICTP in a‐ZnO NCs than in their crystalline counterparts. The efficient ICTP can even generate π bonding in Zn−S bonds peculiar to the mercapto molecule adsorbed a‐ZnO NCs, which has been verified through the X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such remarkable SERS activity has been observed within amorphous semiconductor nanomaterials, which could open a new frontier for developing highly sensitive and stable SERS technology.
Powder Catalyst Fixation for Post‐Electrolysis Structural Characterization of NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Based Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysts
Authors: Andronescu Corina , Barwe Stefan , Ventosa Edgar , Masa Justus , Vasile Eugeniu , Konkena Bharathi , Möller Sandra , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2017

Highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution (OER) reaction are in most cases powder nanomaterials, which undergo substantial changes upon applying the high potentials required for high‐current‐density oxygen evolution. Owing to the vigorous gas evolution, the durability under OER conditions is disappointingly low for most powder electrocatalysts as there are no strategies to securely fix powder catalysts onto electrode surfaces. Thus reliable studies of catalysts during or after the OER are often impaired. Herein, we propose the use of composites made from precursors of polybenzoxazines and organophilically modified NiFe layered double hydroxides (LDHs) to form a stable and highly conducting catalyst layer, which allows the study of the catalyst before and after electrocatalysis. Characterization of the material by XRD, SEM, and TEM before and after 100 h electrolysis in 5 m KOH at 60 °C and a current density of 200 mA cm−2 revealed previously not observed structural changes.
Bioinspired flame retardant polymers of tyrosol
Authors: Bouldin Ryan M. , Xia Zhiyu , Klement Thomas J. , Kiratitanavit Weeradech , Nagarajan Ramaswamy
Published: June 2017

The enzyme catalyzed polymerization of flame retardant (FR) polymers from the renewable resource 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ethanol (HPE), commonly known as tyrosol, is presented. The synthesis is environmentally friendly and requires only monomer, peroxidase catalyst, dilute hydrogen peroxide, and deionized water. Phenolic polymers are produced in short, one pot, high yield reactions that require minimal purification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR analysis suggest the polymers are coupled through the 1, 2, 4, and 5 positions of the phenol ring and through the phenoxy substituent. Thermogravimetric analysis and pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter show HPE homopolymers exhibit very low heat release rate and total heat release, while copolymerization with phenol increases already high char yields. Gel permeation chromatography reveals the molecular weight of the polymer increases with ethanol cosolvent concentration. The alcohol cosolvent also increases the proportion of oxyphenylene linkages to the detriment of FR properties. Preliminary quantitative structure–activity relationship toxicity modeling predicts the polymers are negative for developmental toxicity and Ames mutagenicity. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45394.
Hydrolysable preformed gels for conformance control in oilwells: Properties and degradation
Authors: Luo Jie , Wang Chengsheng , Li Xian'e , Chen Shijia , Feng Yujun
Published: June 2017

Conformance control using preformed gels (PGs) is an effective method to reduce water cut in production oilwells. However, PGs are unable to thicken formation of water, and the improvement of water‐oil mobility is limited. Compared with PGs, hydrolysable PGs (HPGs) with labile crosslinker incorporated could thicken the brine gradually. In this study, a series of HPGs were prepared based on labile crosslinker poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, self‐crosslinker N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAM), and nanomaterial laponite. The long‐term thermal stability, swelling property, and thickening power of the HPGs were successively examined. It was demonstrated that DMAM remarkably improved the long‐term thermal stability of HPGs, and also imparted the swelling and thickening properties during aging period, while laponite effectively increased the viscosity of HPGs suspension but weakened the swelling ratio. Degradation monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy indicated that HPGs are decrosslinked gradually through the hydrolysis of labile crosslinker and then release a terpolymer of acrylamide, acrylate, and DMAM. The hybrid fluid containing the terpolymer and nanomaterial resulted in the increased viscosity of HPGs suspension. Artificial core flooding results showed that HPGs have good sealing capacity for conformance control, and incremental oil was recovered by using HPGs against traditional PGs with similar plugging efficiency owing to the increased viscosity of the HPGs dispersion. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45413.
Effect of aggregate size on liquid absorption characteristics of konjac glucomannan superabsorbent
Authors: Yang Fang , Zhang Mei , Yang Hao , Yan Wenli , Jiang Fatang
Published: June 2017

In this article, four kinds of konjac glucomannan based superabsorbent polymers (KSAPs) with different aggregate sizes were obtained by sieving the KSAP powders manually. They were characterized by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and optical contact angle (OCA), and the effects of aggregate size on liquid absorption characteristics of KSAP were studied in detail. The results show that the coarse KSAP particles were aggregated by many microspheres, while the fine particles were well dispersed with 50–150 µm particle size. OCA dynamic images showed the enhanced hydrophilicity for the finer particles. The liquid absorption measurements demonstrated that water and physiological saline absorption velocity of KSAP increased for the finer particles, while their ultimate water holding capacity decreased accordingly. The liquid absorption capacity of the finest sample (75 µm) could reach its maximum value (332.5 ± 5.6 g/g) in 0.5 min, while the coarsest sample (850 µm) reached the maximum value (532.5 ± 1.2 g/g) in 16 min. The reason for this phenomenon was discussed, and a new model was proposed to explain it. We believe that the results of this article would be meaningful in application of KSAP as superabsorbent materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45416.
Thermoplastic polydimethylsiloxane with l‐phenylalanine‐based hydrogen‐bond networks
Authors: Tazawa Shunsuke , Shimojima Atsushi , Maeda Tomoki , Hotta Atsushi
Published: June 2017

Thermoplastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) containing l‐phenylalanine was synthesized by the liquid‐phase synthesis method with an Fmoc‐protected amino acid and by the condensation polymerization. In order to investigate the mechanical and the thermoplastic properties of the PDMS with l‐phenylalanine, the tensile testing and the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were conducted. From the results of the tensile testing, it was found that the stress at break of the PDMS with l‐phenylalanine nearly became seven times higher than that of the PDMS without l‐phenylalanine. The DMA results revealed that the PDMS could maintain its storage modulus for three heating cycles, while the melting temperature was also kept at ∼120 °C. Moreover, the mechanical property was analyzed through two remolding cycles, and it was found that the PDMS could almost maintain its mechanical property after the heat remolding. Finally, it was found that the PDMS also possessed some self‐healing property, where the Young's modulus of the cut PDMS could maintain at least 70% of its original Young's modulus after contact and self‐healing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45419.
Luminescence Color Tuning from Blue to Near Infrared of Stable Luminescent Solid Materials Based on Bis‐o‐Carborane‐Substituted Oligoacenes
Authors: Naito Hirofumi , Nishino Kenta , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki
Published: June 2017

Aryl‐substituted o‐carboranes have shown highly efficient solid‐state emission in previous studies. To demonstrate color tuning of the solid‐state emission in an aryl‐o‐carborane‐based system, bis‐o‐carborane‐substituted oligoacenes were synthesized and their properties were systematically investigated. Optical and electrochemical measurements revealed efficient decreases in energy band gaps and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels by adding a number of fused benzene rings for the extension of π‐conjugation. As a consequence, bright solid‐state emission was observed in the region from blue to near infrared (NIR). Furthermore, various useful features were obtained from the modified o‐carboranes as an optical material. The naphthalene derivatives exhibited aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and almost 100 % quantum efficiency in the crystalline state. Furthermore, it was shown that the tetracene derivative with NIR‐emissive properties had high durability toward photo‐bleaching under UV irradiation.