bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modeling of Water Jet Plunging in Molten Heavy Metal Pool
Authors: Yakush Sergey E. , Sivakov Nikita S. , Melikhov Oleg I. , Melikhov Vladimir I.
Published: December 2023

The hydrodynamic and thermal interaction of water with the high-temperature melt of a heavy metal was studied via the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) method formulated for three immiscible phases (liquid melt, water, and water vapor), with account for phase changes. The VOF method relies on a first-principle description of phase interactions, including drag, heat transfer, and water evaporation, in contrast to multifluid models relying on empirical correlations. The verification of the VOF model implemented in OpenFOAM software was performed by solving one- and two-dimensional reference problems. Water jet penetration into a melt pool was first calculated in two-dimensional problem formulation, and the results were compared with analytical models and empirical correlations available, with emphasis on the effects of jet velocity and diameter. Three-dimensional simulations were performed in geometry, corresponding to known experiments performed in a narrow planar vessel with a semi-circular bottom. The VOF results obtained for water jet impact on molten heavy metal (lead–bismuth eutectic alloy at the temperature 820 K) are here presented for a water temperature of 298 K, jet diameter 6 mm, and jet velocity 6.2 m/s. Development of a cavity filled with a three-phase melt–water–vapor mixture is revealed, including its propagation down to the vessel bottom, with lateral displacement of melt, and subsequent detachment from the bottom due to gravitational settling of melt. The best agreement of predicted cavity depth, velocity, and aspect ratio with experiments (within 10%) was achieved at the stage of downward cavity propagation; at the later stages, the differences increased to about 30%. Adequacy of the numerical mesh containing about 5.6 million cells was demonstrated by comparing the penetration dynamics obtained on a sequence of meshes with the cell size ranging from 180 to 350 µm.
Role of Intestinal Inflammation and Permeability in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Covino Marcello , Gallo Antonella , Macerola Noemi , Pero Erika , Ibba Francesca , Camilli Sara , Riccardi Laura , Sarlo Francesca , De Ninno Grazia , Baroni Silvia , Landi Francesco , Montalto Massimo
Published: December 2023

Background and Objectives: Heart failure (HF) represents a major health burden. Although several treatment regimens are available, their effectiveness is often unsatisfactory. Growing evidence suggests a pivotal role of the gut in HF. Our study evaluated the prognostic role of intestinal inflammation and permeability in older patients with acute HF (AHF), and their correlation with the common parameters traditionally used in the diagnostic-therapeutic management of HF. Materials and Methods: In a single-center observational, prospective, longitudinal study, we enrolled 59 patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) and then hospitalized with a diagnosis of AHF, from April 2022 to April 2023. Serum routine laboratory parameters and transthoracic echocardiogram were assayed within the first 48 h of ED admission. Fecal calprotectin (FC) and both serum and fecal levels of zonulin were measured, respectively, as markers of intestinal inflammation and intestinal permeability. The combined clinical outcome included rehospitalizations for AHF and/or death within 90 days. Results: Patients with increased FC values (>50 µg/g) showed significantly worse clinical outcomes (p < 0.001) and higher median levels of NT-proBNP (p < 0.05). No significant correlation was found between the values of fecal and serum zonulin and the clinical outcome. Median values of TAPSE were lower in those patients with higher values of fecal calprotectin (p < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, NT-proBNP and FC values > 50 µg/g resulted as independent predictors of a worse clinical outcome. Conclusions: Our preliminary finding supports the hypothesis of a close relationship between the gut and heart, recognizing in a specific marker of intestinal inflammation such as FC, an independent predictive prognostic role in patients admitted for AHF. Further studies are needed to confirm these results, as well as investigate the reliability of new strategies targeted at modulation of the intestinal inflammatory response, and which are able to significantly impact the course of diseases, mainly in older and frail patients.
Pseudomonas fluorescens with Nitrogen-Fixing Function Facilitates Nitrogen Recovery in Reclaimed Coal Mining Soils
Authors: Wu Xin , Wang Xiangying , Meng Huisheng , Zhang Jie , Lead Jamie R. , Hong Jianping
Published: December 2023

Coal mining has caused significant soil nitrogen loss in mining areas, limiting reclamation and reuse in agriculture. This article studies the effects of organic fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer, and the combined application of Pseudomonas fluorescens with the ability of nitrogen fixation on soil nitrogen accumulation and composition in the reclamation area of the Tunlan Coal Mine from 2016 to 2022 under the conditions of equal nitrogen application, providing a scientific basis for microbial fertilization and the rapid increase in nitrogen content in the reclaimed soil of mining areas. The results showed that as the reclamation time increased, the nitrogen content and the composition and structure of the soil treated with fertilization rapidly evolved toward normal farmland soil. The soil nitrogen content increased most rapidly in the presence of added P. fluorescens + organic fertilizer (MB). Compared to other treatments (inorganic fertilizer (CF), organic fertilizer (M), and P. fluorescens + inorganic fertilizer (CFB)), MB increased total nitrogen (TN) to normal farmland soil levels 1–3 years earlier. The comprehensive scores of MB and CFB on the two principal components increased by 1.58 and 0.79 compared to those of M and CF treatments, respectively. This indicates that the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer improves soil nitrogen accumulation more effectively than the combination of P. fluorescens and inorganic fertilizer. In addition, the application of P. fluorescens increases the content of unknown nitrogen (UN) in acid-hydrolysable nitrogen (AHN) and decreases the content of amino acid nitrogen (AAN) and ammonia nitrogen (AN). However, there was no significant effect on the content of ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) in soil-mineralized nitrogen (SMN). When combined with inorganic fertilizer, the contribution of SMN to TN increased by 14.78%, while when combined with organic fertilizer, the contribution of AHN to TN increased by 44.77%. In summary, the use of P. fluorescens is beneficial for nitrogen recovery in the reclaimed soil of coal-mining areas. The optimal fertilization method under the experimental conditions is the combination of P. fluorescens and organic fertilizer.
A Novel View of the Diversity of Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria Inhabiting the Chemocline of Meromictic Karst Lakes
Authors: Gorlenko Vladimir , Savvichev Alexander , Kadnikov Vitaly , Rusanov Igor , Beletsky Alexey , Zakharova Elena , Kostrikina Nadezhda , Sigalevich Pavel , Veslopolova Elena , Pimenov Nikolay
Published: December 2023

The rates of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis, the microorganisms responsible for these processes, and the hydrochemical characteristics of the sulfide-containing karst lakes, Black Kichier and Big Kichier (Mari El Republic), were investigated. In these lakes, a plate of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (APB) is formed at the upper boundary of sulfide occurrence in the water. The phototrophic community of the chemocline zone was analyzed using a combination of high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene fragments and light and electron microscopic techniques. Green-colored Chlorobium clathratiforme were absolutely predominant in both lakes. The minor components included green sulfur bacteria (GSB) Chlorobium spp., symbiotic consortia Chlorochromatium magnum and Pelochromatium roseum, purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) Chromatium okenii, and unidentified phylotypes of the family Chromatiaceae, as well as members of the Chloroflexota: Chloronema sp. and Oscillochloris sp. Based on the results of the molecular analysis, the taxonomic status of Ancalochloris perfilievii and other prosthecate GSB, as well as of the PSB Thiopedia rosea, which were visually revealed in the studied freshwater lakes, is discussed.
Identification and Characterization of Jasmonic Acid Methyltransferase Involved in the Formation of Floral Methyl Jasmonate in Hedychium coronarium
Authors: Yue Yuechong , Zhang Xiaohong , Wang Lan , He Jieling , Yang Shengnan , Li Xinyue , Yu Yunyi , Yu Rangcai , Fan Yanping
Published: December 2023

Hedychium coronarium is a popular ornamental flower in tropical and subtropical areas due to its elegant appearance and inviting fragrance. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is one of the volatile compounds in the blooming flowers of H. coronarium. However, the molecular mechanism underlying floral MeJA formation is still unclear in H. coronarium. In this study, a total of 12 SABATH family genes were identified in the genome of H. coronarium, and their encoded proteins range from 366 to 387 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis revealed seven clades in the SABATH family and a JMT ortholog clade, including two HcSABATH members. Combined with expression profiling of HcSABATH members, HcJMT1 was identified as the top candidate gene for floral MeJA biosynthesis. In vitro enzyme assays showed that HcJMT1 can catalyze the production of MeJA from jasmonic acid. Gene expression analysis indicated that HcJMT1 exhibited the highest expression in the labella and lateral petals, the major sites of MeJA emission. During flower development, the two MeJA isomers, major isomers in the products of the HcJMT1 protein, were released after anthesis, in which stage HcJMT1 displayed high expression. Our results indicated that HcJMT1 is involved in the formation of floral MeJA in H. coronarium.
Health and Environmental Hazards of the Toxic Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (Bracken Fern)
Authors: Malík Matěj , Mika Otakar Jiří , Navrátilová Zdeňka , Killi Uday Kumar , Tlustoš Pavel , Patočka Jiří
Published: December 2023

Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) is ubiquitous and acts as a cosmopolitan weed in pastures and similar environments. Despite its historical uses, it presents risks due to toxicity. This study, conducted in the second half of 2023, aimed to assess the environmental and health hazards of P. aquilinum, primarily focusing on its carcinogenic compound, ptaquiloside. The literature was comprehensively reviewed using diverse databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Information was synthesized from original research articles, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and relevant animal studies. Animals grazing on bracken fern face annual production losses due to toxin exposure. The substantial impact on biodiversity, animal health, and human well-being arises from the presence of ptaquiloside and related compounds in milk, meat, and water, along with the increasing global prevalence of P. aquilinum and its swift colonization in acidic soil and fire-damaged areas. The objectives were to identify major bioactive compounds and explore their effects at molecular, cellular, pathological, and population levels. Various cooking techniques were considered to mitigate toxin exposure, although complete elimination remains unattainable. Therefore, the findings emphasize the need for cautious consumption. In conclusion, continued research is necessary to better understand and manage its environmental and health implications.
Identifying and Characterizing Candidate Genes Contributing to a Grain Yield QTL in Wheat
Authors: Saieed Md Atik Us , Zhao Yun , Islam Shahidul , Ma Wujun
Published: December 2023

The current study focuses on identifying the candidate genes of a grain yield QTL from a double haploid population, Westonia × Kauz. The QTL region spans 20 Mbp on the IWGSC whole-genome sequence flank with 90K SNP markers. The IWGSC gene annotation revealed 16 high-confidence genes and 41 low-confidence genes. Bioinformatic approaches, including functional gene annotation, ontology investigation, pathway exploration, and gene network study using publicly available gene expression data, enabled the short-listing of four genes for further confirmation. Complete sequencing of those four genes demonstrated that only two genes are polymorphic between the parental cultivars, which are the ferredoxin-like protein gene and the tetratricopeptide-repeat (TPR) protein gene. The two genes were selected for downstream investigation. Two SNP variations were observed in the exon for both genes, with one SNP resulting in changes in amino acid sequence. qPCR-based gene expression showed that both genes were highly expressed in the high-yielding double haploid lines along with the parental cultivar Westonia. In contrast, their expression was significantly lower in the low-yielding lines in the other parent. It can be concluded that these two genes are the contributing genes to the grain yield QTL.
Equity Price Dynamics under Shocks: In Distress or Short Squeeze
Authors: Hui Cho-Hoi , Lo Chi-Fai , Liu Chi-Hei
Published: December 2023

This paper proposes a simple bounded stochastic motion to model equity price dynamics under shocks. The stochastic process has a quasi-bounded boundary which can be breached if the probability leakage condition is met. The quasi-boundedness of the process at the boundary can thus provide an indicator of the possible risk of equities under price shocks or in distress. Empirical calibration of the model parameters of the proposed process for equities can be performed easily due to the availability of an analytically tractable probability density function which generates fat-tailed distributions consistent with empirical observations. The volatility and mean-reversion of the S&P500 dynamics calibrated by the process are positively and negatively co-integrated, respectively, with the VIX index representing the level of market distress. The process captures the high likelihood of Hertz’s default about two months earlier, using only information until that point, and before the firm filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in May 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical calibration of the process for GameStop’s stock price shows that the short squeeze in the stock occurred when the condition for breaching the upper boundary was met on 14 January 2021, i.e., about two weeks before major short-sellers closed out their positions with significant losses. The trading volume of the stock was positively co-integrated with the probability leakage ratio.
Structure Elucidation and Immunoactivity Study of Armillaria mellea Fruiting Body Polysaccharides
Authors: Li Qingqing , Li Ying , Niu Huazhou , Wang Enhui , Jiao Lili , Li Hui , Wu Wei
Published: December 2023

Polysaccharides are the main nutritional constituents in the Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies. The structure and immunoactivity of Armillaria mellea polysaccharide are valuable to be determined for development. In the present study, two polysaccharides, including Armillaria mellea neutral polysaccharide (AMPN) and Armillaria mellea acidic polysaccharide (AMPA), were prepared and determined. AMPN and AMPA were separated and refined by the ion exchange column and gel chromatographycolumn. Analysis of AMPN and AMPA revealed molecular weights of 4.432 × 103 Da and 7.323 × 103 Da. The monosaccharide composition analysis revealed that AMPN was mainly composed of 68.3%glucose, while AMPA consisted primarily of glucose, mannose, and galactose, accompanied by 8.9% galacturonic acid and 3% fucose. Then, infrared spectra analysis, Congo red staining, methylation, and NMR spectroscopy analysis were conducted as a means to clarify the structure of AMPN and AMPA. The NMR spectra demonstrated that the two polysaccharides included both α and β-configuration glycosidic bonds. The Congo red experiment suggests that AMPN and AMPA all had obvious triple helix structures.The effects of AMPN and AMPA on immune repair ability were compared by immune deficiency mice. The activity experiment showed that AMPN and acidic polysaccharides extracted from the Armillaria fruiting body have biological immune activity. Among them, AMPA showed higher immune activity. These findings suggest that Armillaria mellea fruiting bodies may be used as a source of dietary supplements and functional products.
Separation and Biological Activities of the Main Compounds from the Bark of Myrica rubra Siebold & Zucc
Authors: Hao Tianyang , Fan Lingyang , Chang Yiyue , Yang Hui , He Kai
Published: December 2023

Myrica rubra (Lour.) Siebold & Zucc bark is a traditional natural medicine used by the people of the Dong minority in western Hunan in China. In this study, the main compounds in Myrica rubra bark including epigallocatechin gallate, myricetrin, myricetin, taraxerol, myricanol, and 11-O-acetylmyricanol were separated using both silica gel column chromatography and high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Notably, it is the first report of discovering 11-O-acetylmyricanol from Myrica rubra bark. The results of the bioactivity studies suggested that epigallocatechin gallate showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while myricetin exhibited the highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability in zebrafish embryos. Intriguingly, myricanol exhibited strong apoptosis-inducing activity on HepG2 cells, and further studies revealed that myricanol was capable of promoting the cleavage of caspase 3, 8, and 9, then resulting in the apoptosis in HepG2 cells. The findings of the present study have important implications for the separation of the main compounds in Myrica rubra and will provide credence to the ethnomedicinal application of the isolated compounds against cardiovascular disease and cancer.
Rethinking the Vulnerability of Groups Targeted in Health-Promoting Sports and Physical Activity Programs
Authors: Agergaard Sine , Lenneis Verena
Published: December 2023

Vulnerability and related terms are increasingly used to describe the target groups of health-promoting programs involving sports and physical activity. Yet, such terms are often left undefined, creating an image of vulnerability that reinforces the health inequities the programs seek to counter. This article aims to reconceptualize vulnerability to help researchers and program personnel describe and support individuals and groups in vulnerable positions. To do so, we conceptualize vulnerability as a contentious phenomenon, emphasizing the spectrum between individual and community perspectives on vulnerability, along with between experts’ evaluation of (health) risks and lived vulnerability. We illustrate the utility of this elaborate conceptualization of vulnerability through a single case study of a walking program organized by a health promotion unit in a so-called deprived area in Denmark. Interviewing the health professionals, it was not surprising to identify that experts’ evaluations of risks are key to the program. However, employing the conceptual framework in its entirety, we also find indications of lived vulnerability and resistance towards their conditions among the program participants. We conclude that it is relevant for both researchers and program employees to consider the complete spectrum of risks and lived vulnerabilities, along with providing support not only to individuals in need but also to their communities.
The Roles of IL-18 in a Realistic Partial Body Irradiation with 5% Bone Marrow Sparing (PBI/BM5) Model
Authors: Cui Wanchang , Hull Lisa , Zizzo Alex , Wang Li , Lin Bin , Zhai Min , Kumar Vidya P. , Xiao Mang
Published: December 2023

IL-18 has been shown to play important roles in response to total body irradiation. However, homogenous total body irradiation is not a realistic model to reflect the radiation exposure in a real nuclear event. To further study the roles of IL-18 in a real nuclear scenario, we developed a mouse partial body irradiation with 5% bone marrow sparing (PBI/BM5) model to mimic the inhomogeneous radiation exposure. We established the dose response curves of PBI/BM5 using different radiation doses ranging from 12 to 16 Gy. Using the PBI/BM5 model, we showed that IL-18 knockout mice were significantly more radiation resistant than the wild-type mice at 14.73 Gy. We further studied the hematopoietic changes using a complete blood count, bone marrow colony-forming assays, and serum cytokine assays on the mice exposed to PBI/BM5 with IL-18BP treatment and wild-type/IL-18 knockout mice. In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-18 plays important roles in mouse survival in a realistic nuclear exposure model, potentially through the IL-18/IFNγ pathway.
Rapid Assessment of Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Migration from Consumer PVC Products
Authors: An Jiwon , Roh Hyun-Ho , Jeong Haeyoon , Lee Kuen-Yong , Rhim Taiyoun
Published: December 2023

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is widely used to produce various consumer goods, including food packaging, toys for children, building materials, and cosmetic products. However, despite their widespread use, phthalate plasticizers have been identified as endocrine disruptors, which cause adverse health effects, thus leading to increasing concerns regarding their migration from PVC products to the environment. This study proposed a method for rapidly measuring the migration of phthalates, particularly di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from PVC products to commonly encountered liquids. The release of DEHP under various conditions, including exposure to aqueous and organic solvents, different temperatures, and household microwaves, was investigated. The amount of DEHP released from both laboratory-produced PVC films and commercially available PVC products was measured to elucidate the potential risks associated with its real-world applications. Furthermore, tests were performed to evaluate cytotoxicity using estrogen-dependent and -independent cancer cell lines. The results revealed a dose-dependent impact on estrogen-dependent cells, thus emphasizing the potential health implications of phthalate release. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the migration patterns of DEHP from PVC products and forms a basis for further research on the safety of PVC and plasticizers.
UKRAINIAN STUDIES ACTUALITIES OF THE MODERN TEACHER’S PEDAGOGICAL CULTURE
Authors: Filipchuk H.
Published: December 2023

The article substantiates, defines, and discloses the current Ukrainian studies of the teacher’s pedagogical culture in the context of modern political, social, and cultural issues of national education system formation in Ukraine. Attention is focused on the fact that the current mission of the New Ukrainian School education is to strengthen and develop the national idea, which is the lifeblood of state growth and the way to victory. Thus, it is necessary to form a pedagogical culture based on Ukrainian studies, which should be everywhere in educational, cultural, artistic, scientific, and information environments. It has been proven that the cult of culture, primarily national, must be perceived as a methodology of modern education. It should serve not only historical truth, intellectualization, and humanization of the personality but also be a safeguard, caution, and protection against expansion in the future, strengthening the Spirit of the People, which is our indomitable strength. It has been found that, when forming the personality of a teacher, lecturer, and their pedagogical culture, it is necessary to pay attention to two key aspects – professional and cultural, because the institution of higher education should provide not only “knowledge” competencies, but also create a cultural teacher. Pedagogical culture is formed two-dimensionally – concordantly and logically, sensually and rationally, humanely and realistically, with heart and mind. It is a kind of synthesis of soul and reason (intellect). It has been established that Ukrainian studies should be considered an essential component in the education content, which makes it sound, intellectual, humane, and national, strengthening the social processes of state-nation creation. Since educational Ukrainian-centrism will make it impossible for the rudiments of “cultural and educational imperialism” of Moscovites to manifest, which has always tried to destroy the national-historical life of Ukrainians, planting the ideology of little russia and statelessness. They can realize the highest civic task of education, which is to cultivate respect for one’s own “I,” one’s Kindred, People, Ukraine, to serve as a spiritual, socio-political factor of consolidation and development of the Nation.
DETERMINATION OF THE LINGUISTIC DOMINANTS OF THE WRITER'S IDIOSTYLE AS A MEANS OF TEACHING THE MODERN UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Styrkina Yu.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the definition of the linguistic dominants of the writer's idiostyle as a means of teaching the modern Ukrainian language. The author claims that the definition of the linguistic dominants of the writer's idiostyle with the help of linguistic analysis of the text is an extremely effective and comprehensive means of teaching the modern Ukrainian language in high school. The theoretical significance of the article is revealed in the fact that its provisions deepen the theoretical foundations of the study of the linguistic picture of the world, the idiolect of an individual writer. In the study, based on modern linguistic paradigms, the essence of the concepts "idiostyle", "individual style", "idiolect" was substantiated, their status was specified in accordance with modern linguistic stylistic concepts, the relationships between the concepts "idiolect", "linguistic personality", "idiolect of the writer" were revealed ", "conceptosphere of the idiolect"; the expediency of introducing the concept of "idiolectema" into scientific circulation is substantiated.

The practical significance of the obtained results is determined by the possibility of their use in teaching university courses of lexicology and phraseology, stylistics of the Ukrainian language, linguistic analysis of artistic text, linguistic and cultural studies; in the process of preparing and reading special courses on stylistics and the history of the Ukrainian literary language. Collected and systematized factual material is important for lexicographic and phraseographic work - creation of dictionaries of the language of writers. The article also notes that the idiostyle of the famous contemporary writer Oksana Zabuzhko is particularly interesting for students' empirical research and can be treated as a method of modern Ukrainian language study in the high school.
EVOLUSI RELEVANSI ETIKA BISNIS DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
Authors: Sukma Fanny Dewi , Ismail Iriani
Published: December 2023

This research aims to describe and analyze the evolution of the relationship between business ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its impact on modern corporate business practices. The method used is a literature review with data collection from reputable journal databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect and then selected based on topic relevance and methodological quality. The data obtained was analyzed qualitatively to identify concepts related to the relationship between business ethics and CSR, look at existing empirical studies, and summarize relevant findings. The results show that there is a paradigm shift from separate social responsibility to full integration of business ethics and sustainability in core corporate strategies. This is driven by global factors and rising stakeholder expectations. The global implications of this research are that it provides guidance and insights for companies in developing CSR policies that are more effective and responsive to social and environmental issues, as well as enhancing corporate social responsibility globally. This research provides an accurate and well-established picture of the relationship between business ethics and CSR in the current context and can serve as a strong foundation for sustainable and responsible business decision-making.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Business Ethics, Sustainability, Evolution
Integrating Multiple Diversity and Socioeconomic Criteria in Tibetan Felid Conservation
Authors: Lv Yonglei , Feijó Anderson , Guo Keji , Xie Wendong , Cheng Jilong , Ge Deyan , Xia Lin , Cui Yaqian , Song Gang , Qu Yanhua , Hu Jingjing , Dan Zeng , Pubu Dunzhu , Wu Erning , He Xingcheng , Xu Yu , Wang Bin , Yang Qisen , Wen Zhixin
Published: December 2023

Conservation planning in areas prone to human–wildlife interactions requires strong integration between biodiversity protection and other human society needs. Livestock depredation by felids is one of the most reported human–wildlife conflicts in Tibet, reinforced by expanding rangeland and rebounding of wildlife populations. Tibet harbors the richest felid diversity in China; nevertheless, only two protected areas were designated targeting this emblematic group. Here, we combined species distribution modeling and systematic conservation planning approaches to identify priority areas for felid conservation in Tibet. Specifically, we assessed conservation priorities based on three complementary biodiversity indexes (taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic) integrated with livestock density, land use, and human disturbances. Based on the most comprehensive dataset of felid species, we found that large parts of Tibet remain poorly studied and most of the felid populations inhabit unprotected Tibetan lands. In addition, we detected that livestock density is positively related to large-sized felid distributions, reflecting the long-term conflict in this region. Our prioritization analyses identified large priority areas for felid conservation in Tibet. Worrisomely, approximately 76% of them lie outside of existing and planned protected areas, with four noteworthy gaps. The largest extension of these key regions for felid conservation is located in southeastern Tibet close to the border with India, Bhutan, and Nepal, revealing the need for transnational conservation efforts across the Pan-Himalaya region. Our study represents the first attempt of systematic conservation planning for Tibetan felids taking into account the balance between multiple conservation values and competing land use for societal development.
In situ High-Energy Synchrotron X-ray Studies in Thermodynamics of Mg-In-Ti Hydrogen Storage System
Authors: Zhu Wen , Ren Li , Li Yinghui , Lu Chong , Lin Xi , Zhang Qiuyu , Yang Xue , Hu Zhigang , Cheng Tao , Zhao Yingyan , Zou Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Achieving dual regulation of the kinetics and thermodynamics of MgH
2
is essential for the practical applications. In this study, a novel nanocomposite (In@Ti-MX) architected from single-/few-layered Ti
3
C
2
MXenes and ultradispersed indium nanoparticles was prepared by a bottom-up self-assembly strategy and introduced into MgH
2
to solve the above-mentioned problems. The MgH
2
+In@Ti-MX composites demonstrate excellent hydrogen storage performance: The resultant In@Ti-MX demonstrated a positive effect on the hydrogen storage performance of MgH
2
/Mg: the dehydrogenated rate of MgH
2
+15 wt%In@Ti-MX reached the maximum at 330 °C, which was 47 °C lower than that of commercial MgH
2
; The hydrogenation enthalpy of the dehydrided MgH
2
+15 wt%In@Ti-MX and MgH
2
+25 wt%In@Ti-MX were determined to be −66.2 ± 1.1 and −61.7 ± 1.4 kJ·mol
−1
H
2
. In situ high-energy synchrotron x-ray diffraction technique together with other microstructure analyses revealed that synergistic effects from Ti
3
C
2
MXenes and In nanoparticles (NPs) contributed to the improved kinetics and thermodynamics of MgH
2
(Mg): Ti/TiH
2
derived from Ti
3
C
2
MXenes accelerated the dissociation and recombination of hydrogen molecule/atoms, while In NPs reduced the thermodynamic stability of MgH
2
by forming the Mg-In solution. Such a strategy of using dual-active hybrid structures to modify MgH
2
/Mg provides a new insight for tuning both the hydrogen storage kinetics and thermodynamics of Mg-based hydrides.
Learning-Based Discontinuous Path Following Control for a Biomimetic Underwater Vehicle
Authors: Wang Yu , Chu Hongfei , Ma Ruichen , Bai Xuejian , Cheng Long , Wang Shuo , Tan Min
Published: December 2023

This paper addresses a learning-based discontinuous path following control scheme for a biomimetic underwater vehicle (BUV) driven by undulatory fins. Despite the flexibility of the BUV motion, it faces the challenge of dealing with discontinuous paths affected by irregular seafloor topography and underwater vegetation. Therefore, BUV must employ path switching strategy to navigate to the next safe area. We introduce a discontinuous path following control method based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL). This method uses the line of sight (LOS) navigation algorithm to provide the Markov decision process (MDP) state inputs and the soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm to train the control strategy of the BUV. Unlike the traditional fixed waveform control method, this method encourages the BUV to learn different waveforms and fluctuation frequencies through DRL. At the same time, the BUV has the ability to switch to a new path at necessary moments, such as when encountering underwater rocks. The results of simulations and experiments demonstrate the successful integration of the undulatory fins with the SAC controller, showcasing its efficacy and diversity in discontinuous underwater path following tasks.
Sentiment Analysis of Bjorka Hacker Using the Naive Bayes and C.45 Algorithms
Authors: Priatna Wowon , A’ini Eka Nur , Warta Joni , Agus Hidayat  , Lestari Tyastuti Sri , Rasim
Published: December 2023

In 2023, Indonesia was again devastated by a hacker known as Bjorka. Bjorka did not act just once or twice; every time, Bjorka made the entire Indonesian population proud. The 19 million BPJS Employment data belonging to the Indonesian people that Bjorka hacked is the BPJS Employment data belonging to the Indonesian people that Bjorka hacked. Since the release of the Bjorka story, there has been a surge in the number of people criticizing it on social media, particularly Facebook, so the criticism or opinions can be used to conduct sentiment analysis. Based on this, developing a method that can automatically classify beliefs into positive and negative categories through sentiment analysis is necessary. The sentiment analysis process begins with data preprocessing, followed by keyword analysis using the TF-IDF method, algorithm development, and analysis of classification results. The data classification methods used in this study are Naive Bayes and C4.5. The data will be analyzed using text mining and classified using the Naive Bayes and C4.5 algorithms. Based on the results of the tests, the best classification was achieved by Nave Bayes, with a score of 70 percent for the C4.5 algorithm and 68 percent for the C4.5 algorithm. The Nave Bayes algorithm can predict up to 70% data transmission rates for both positive and negative signals.
Classification of Coffee Leaf Diseases using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) EfficientNet Model
Authors: Rosadi Muhammad Imron , Hakim Lukman , M. Faishol A.
Published: December 2023

Coffee leaf disease is a problem that needs attention because it affects the quality and productivity of the coffee harvest and is detrimental to farmers. Therefore, a system is needed to identify types of coffee leaf diseases using artificial intelligence. There are four types of coffee leaf diseases, namely Miner leaf, Phoma leaf, Rust leaf, and Nodisease leaf. The research used the EfficientNet Architecture Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method to detect types of disease on coffee leaves. This method was chosen because it is capable and reliable in processing digital images for pattern recognition. The dataset used is 1,464 images with dimensions of 2048 x 1024 pixels with RGB type which are divided into 1,264 training data and 400 testing data. Several architectures used in EfficientNet are EfficientNet B0, EfficientNet B1, EfficientNet B2, EfficientNet B3, EfficientNet B4. Parameters used are Lanczos resampling, Epoch 25, Learning Rate 0.0001, Loss Function Sparse Categorical Cross Entropy, Optimizer Adam. The results of training data testing, namely the CNN EfficientNet B1 Architecture Model method, got the best accuracy of 97% and a loss of 0.1328 and testing data testing got an accuracy of 0.97% and a loss of 0.1328. The architecture of the EfficientNet B1 model is better than other architectural models, namely VGG16, ResNet50, MobileNetv2, EfficientNet B0, EfficientNet B2, EfficientNet B3, EfficientNet B4, EfficientNet B5, EfficientNet B6, EfficientNet B7.
Forward Chaining Algorithm on Informatics Graduate Job Recommendation System Based on MBTI Test
Authors: Tjahjadi Jhonatan Laurensius , Wahyuningsi Yulia , Putri Tanuwijaya Padmavati Darma , Kristianto Ryan Putranda
Published: December 2023

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is a method for identifying an individual's personality type based on the psychological theory of Carl Gustav Jung. In the context of computer science students, they often face challenges in planning their academic journey and determining the direction of their career development during their studies, causing confusion when it comes to choosing a career path in the field of computer science in the future. To address these challenges, the researcher has developed a web-based expert system using the PHP programming language. This expert system is designed to make decisions based on a collection of user responses, which are processed using the forward chaining method, ultimately providing the user's personality type along with suitable career choices. The primary objective of the expert system is to assist students in making decisions regarding their studies and future careers. Through this research, the researcher has produced a functioning website capable of efficiently processing user responses and generating decisions regarding personality types and career options. Thus, this study provides a solution to aid computer science students in planning their academic and career paths.
Detecting and Tracking Player in Football Videos Using Two-Stage Mask R-CNN Approach
Authors: Husein Amir Mahmud , Chalvin  , Ciptady Kalvintirta Ciptady , Suryadi Raymond , Harahap Mawaddah
Published: December 2023

Football is one of the most popular sports worldwide and capable of attracting the attention of millions of fans to a single match in the top leagues. The English Premier League, Spanish LaLiga, German Bundesliga, Italian Serie A, and French Ligue 1 are the five best leagues in the world today. There was an experiment where researchers want to analyze the efficiency and accuracy percentage of tracking and detection using the deep learning method of the Mask R-CNN model in classifying positive and negative X-Ray images in football matches. In this study, we applied Mask R-CNN for the segmentation and detection of football players. This model was based on two different backbones, namely ResNet101 and DenseNet. Both backbones produced accuracy values that were not significantly different, but the DenseNet approach performed better than ResNet101 based on testing results in the validation and testing sets. Based on comprehensive experiment results on the dataset, it has been shown that the Mask R-CNN approach with DenseNet can achieve better results compared to Mask R-CNN with ResNet101. Due to insufficient understanding of the characteristics of image types and the uneven distribution of various types of data sourced from random videos, there was still room for improvement in the trained model.
Customer Segmentation: Transformation from Data to Marketing Strategy
Authors: Abednego Luciana , Nugraheni Cecilia Esti , Salsabina Adelia
Published: December 2023

Customer segmentation plays a crucial role in modern business strategies, enabling organizations to effectively target and personalize their marketing efforts and enhance customer relationships. Clustering algorithms have emerged as a powerful tool for segmenting customers based on their similarities and differences. We complement the data with an RFM model to support the clustering results. RFM, which stands for Recency, Frequency, and Monetary, is a model for segmenting customers based on their historical transaction data. This study aims to explore the concept of customer segmentation and the application of the RFM model combined with clustering algorithms in the real customer dataset of a company. It presents an overview of datasets, and introduces the RFM model and its components, emphasizing the significance of recency (how recently a customer made a purchase), frequency (how often a customer makes a purchase), and monetary value (the amount spent by a customer). It highlights the practicality of the RFM model in quantifying customer behavior and categorizing customers into distinct segments. It also explains popular clustering algorithms, analyzes experimental results, and concludes with future remarks on the potential of customer segmentation. We combine unsupervised (K-Means and DBSCAN clustering) and supervised machine learning methods to build customer clusters, label each cluster based on its characteristics, and propose a strategy for each cluster.
Comparative Analysis of the Performance of the Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbors Methods in Classifying Coffee Leaf Diseases
Authors: Suryadi  , Murhaban Murhaban , Suhendra Rivansyah
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to develop and compare classification models utilizing Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) in the detection of diseases in coffee leaf images. The dataset comprises coffee leaf images categorized into four different disease types, namely Nodisease, Miner, Phoma, and Rust. To facilitate model training and testing, the dataset was divided into training and validation data using a cross-validation approach. Both the Decision Tree and KNN models underwent meticulous parameter tuning. The experimental results reveal that the Decision Tree model achieved an accuracy rate of 98.20% on the validation data, while the KNN model achieved an accuracy rate of 75.01%. Furthermore, the Decision Tree model exhibited an AUC of 0.9879, recall of 0.9820, precision of 0.9835, and an F1-score of 0.9819 on the validation data. Conversely, the KNN model achieved an AUC of 0.9465, recall of 0.7501, precision of 0.7569, and an F1-score of 0.7485. These findings suggest that the Decision Tree model surpasses the KNN model in accurately detecting coffee leaf diseases, as demonstrated by higher accuracy and other evaluation metrics. However, the relevance of the KNN model remains contingent on application requirements and modeling preferences. These outcomes may contribute to the development of automated systems for disease detection in coffee plants, ultimately promoting more sustainable agricultural practices.
Czy reklama musi sprzedawać? Rozważania o retoryce reklamy nie zawsze nastawionej na konsumpcjonizm przez pryzmat książki Oliviero Toscaniego Reklama. Uśmiechnięte ścierwo
Authors: Aleksandrzak Justyna
Published: December 2023

This article is part of the broad theme of advertising. In it, the author briefly presents the history of advertising, going back to ancient times, and discusses the rhetoric of advertising based on the artistic work of Oliviero Toscani. In doing so, she takes into account his critical view of advertising and explains how promotional messages affect people. The visual sphere of advertising is also highlighted in the discussion. In her considerations, the author comes to the conclusion that traditionally understood advertising, which is exclusively sales-oriented and operates with an unsophisticated message, does not have to be the only form of advertising objects and services. Depending on the tools used and the author's vision, advertising can dramatically change its face, acting as a counter to consumerism.
Badania nad językowym obrazem świata a semantyka filozoficzna: w poszukiwaniu pokrewieństw
Authors: Mirocha Piotr
Published: December 2023

The goal of the paper is to determine the relation between theoretical presuppositions of linguistic worldview studies (LWS) and heterodox strains of philosophical semantics, as well as the connection with the semantic prerequisites of other schools of text linguistics, in particular corpus linguistics. Semantic consequences of the concept of defining in the LWS are presented. It is claimed that they do not pose great constrains on philosophical semantics (e.g. while the concept of stereotype developed by Hillary Putnam needs to be accepted, semantic externalism does not follow). It is proved that LWS are compatible with the concept of meaning-as-use, particularly with semantic inferentialism, as developed by Robert Brandom and Jaroslav Peregrin. The paper also considers the ontological status of meaning reconstructions proposed in the framework of the LWS, as an answer to critiques originating in more traditionalist or minimalist approaches to semantics. It is demonstrated that similar issues occur in other strains of text linguistics, for instance, in corpus linguistics. However, the paper claims that methodological precision and proper choice of a text corpus guarantee results satisfying from the perspective of empirical linguistics.
The collocational profile of employment and work in UK employment law
Authors: Rzepkowska Agnieszka
Published: December 2023

The paper investigates the collocational profile of two words of similar meaning, i.e. employment and work, in the UK employment law. The study is intended to shed some light on the behaviour of the two words in the specialist language context of UK employment law. It is a corpus study based on a corpus of 12 UK employment statutes compiled for the purpose of analysing this area of English legal language. The empirical material is collected and processed with Sketch Engine, a corpus analysis tool. In particular the study looks at (a) the status of the words as terminological units and synonyms, (b) word combinations in which the words appear in the corpus, (c) the meaning that the context of use implies, and (d) the potential benefits of such empirical material in the area of foreign language for special purposes use. The findings suggest that employment and work are synonyms, yet they are used in different word combinations in the context of UK employment law which may derive from the strictly legislative context that does not welcome synonymy.
Behandlung von osteoartikulären Infektionen bei Kindern im Vorschulalter
Authors: Samara Eleftheria , Crisinel Pierre Alex , Zambelli Pierre-Yves
Published: December 2023

Osteoartikuläre Infektionen (OAI) sind ernsthafte pädiatrische Erkrankungen, die mit hoher Morbidität einhergehen können, insbesondere was die weitere Knochenentwicklung sowie die Zerstörung des Gelenkknorpels betrifft(1). Um diese Komplikationen zu vermeiden, müssen Kliniker:innen über einen systematischen klinischen und paraklinischen Ansatz sowie ein definiertes Schema zur optimalen Behandlung verfügen.
Die klinische Untersuchung von Neugeborenen und die regionalen Unterschiede beim Screening von entwicklungsbedingter Hüftsdysplasie in der Schweiz
Authors: Merckaert Sophie R.
Published: December 2023

Eine späte Diagnose (>3 Lebensmonate) von DDH ist mit einer erhöhten Morbidität verbunden und erfordert häufig komplexe und chirurgische Behandlungen, die durch eine frühe Diagnose mit Behandlungsbeginn in den ersten Lebenswochen vermieden werden können.
Klinische und radiologische Untersuchung der idiopathischen Skoliose
Authors: Deml Moritz C. , Tinner Christian , Albers Christoph E.
Published: December 2023

Eine Skoliose ist eine komplexe, dreidimensionale Deformität der Wirbelsäule, des Thorax und des Rumpfes. Sekundäre Skolioseformen, wie bei neuromuskulären Erkrankungen, syndromal oder kongenital bedingt, zählen ca. 20% aller Skoliosen. Rund 80% sind idiopathisch – mit bislang unbekannter Ursache.