bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CHOICE OF A MODEL OF INVENTORY MANAGEMENT IN RETAIL TRADE
Authors:   Kuzbass state technical university named after T.F. Gorbachev, Tyurin Alexey Yuryevich
Published: October 2024

The organization of effective product distribution in retail trade is based on the choice of a flexible production program for the production of products, the correct distribution channel and coordination of the work of transport units and warehouse facilities at all stages of product promotion in the retail network. First of all, the effective interaction of transport and warehouse is achieved by choosing the appropriate inventory management strategy in warehouses in the finished product distribution system. The article discusses the issues of choosing an effective inventory management model for organizing a transit form of goods movement in retail trade. Using the example of organizing the delivery of alcoholic beverages from the wholesale warehouse of Siberian Vodka Company LLC in Kemerovo (SVK LLC) to the stores of the Begemag retail chain, the effective interaction of the transport and warehouse subsystem of commodity movement is analyzed. The uneven delivery of products to Begemag stores is shown, which is explained by uncoordinated actions between transport and warehouse departments. Based on statistical processing of information, a linear relationship is established between delivery times and consumption volumes in Begemag stores, which, in the future, is the basis for determining the projected volumes of product deliveries and time intervals between regular deliveries, reducing the level of insurance stocks in the warehouses of the retail chain and leveling the uneven volume of deliveries to the places of sale of goods. Using the example of four stores of the Begemag retail chain, the effectiveness of the application of the inventory management model considered in the article is shown, which allows to free up more than 2 million rubles per year due to coordinated interaction of departments of the transport and warehouse subsystem of commodity movement management.
PROBLEMS OF CONTROL OF ACCOUNTING AND USE OF FEED IN AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Ural state agrarian university, Kot Ekaterina Mikhailovna , Ruschitskaya Olga Alexandrovna ,   Ural state agrarian university, Saburova Lada Viktorovna ,   Ural state agrarian university, Tikhonova Yulia Antonovna ,   Ural state agrarian university
Published: October 2024

In order to sustainably meet the needs of the livestock industry for feed, their production should be carried out at a faster pace. Only if this condition is met, we can talk about the successful development of the agro-industrial complex and the production of the necessary amount of livestock products. These aspects determined the relevance of the research topic. The author identifies the main problems in the field of accounting and control of the feed base, and also examines the statistical data of farms in Russia and the Sverdlovsk region based on data from the Ministry of Agriculture and the consumer market of the Sverdlovsk region, which revealed a commonality in the problems of feed use, their accounting and control. The main problems were the disproportion between the increase in the selling price and the increase in cost; incorrect feed planning; irrational and inefficient management methods; an unbalanced feed base. An important problematic aspect remains insufficient control of internal business processes of feeding, which ultimately can destroy the effectiveness of measures taken to improve the use of feed. The purpose of the study is to identify problems of controlling the accounting and use of feed in agricultural organizations of dairy cattle breeding of agricultural enterprises. Research methods: abstract-logical, monographic, computational-constructive, economic-statistical. Scientific novelty: The scientific significance of the study consists in substantiating theoretical provisions for improving the feed base of dairy cattle breeding in agricultural enterprises. The practical significance of the research lies in the exchange of experience with agricultural enterprises and the use of feed in agricultural organizations.
FEATURES OF REMOTE MANAGEMENT AS A NEW FORM OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT
Authors:   St. Petersburg state agrarian university, Nagirner Irina Igorevna , Kirikutsa Elena Gennadievna ,   First Moscow state medical university named after I.M. Sechenov of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, Grigorieva Olga Leonidovna ,   Moscow international university
Published: October 2024

Digitalization and information and communication technologies have led to significant structural changes in the development of the economy. The labor market is no exception, and its dynamics are changing significantly as a result of these transformations. One of the key components of the structural shift in employment is the spread and development of remote work. This form of labor organization is becoming more and more in demand and an integral part of the digital economy, which determines the special nature and working conditions that allow you to work remotely. Remote work offers new opportunities and benefits for both employers and employees. It allows companies to expand the geographical coverage of their operations, attract specialists from all over the world and reduce the cost of renting office space. At the same time, remote work gives employees flexibility in choosing a workplace and work schedule, facilitating communication and collaboration over the Internet. At the same time, the proliferation of remote work also raises provocative questions and challenges. For example, how to ensure the security and protection of data when working remotely? How to create effective tools and environments for remote collaboration? What issues of internal communication and corporate culture arise in a remote work environment? Researching this topic will help you better understand these challenges and identify the most effective practices for organizing remote work. Moreover, it can help shape policies and strategies aimed at maintaining a balance between flexibility and productivity in the new digital economic order.
ANALYSIS OF THE INSURANCE SERVICES MARKET IN RUSSIA: PROBLEMS, PROSPECTS
Authors:   Siberian federal university, Ferova Irina Sergeevna , Adolf Konstantin Vladimirovich ,   Siberian federal university
Published: October 2024

The economic security of the company can be determined by analyzing the Russian insurance market. It is stated that over the past few years, the Russian insurance market has not escaped many problems related to economic fluctuations and sanctions, as has the entire economy of the country. Based on the analysis of various sources, the article substantiates the relevance of the problem, identifies the special role of new-level information systems with artificial intelligence and a distributed registry for the exchange of digital financial assets in the service market, and attempts to determine the financial stability of the Russian insurance market. It has been established that the insurance market in Russia in recent years shows that it has gone through a period of significant changes and adaptation to new economic conditions. The author suggests various areas and types of insurance that ensure the growth of the Russian market for these services. In general, the Russian insurance market demonstrates stability and readiness for change. Despite the challenges, it continues to develop, adapting to new economic realities and maintaining the potential for growth and development. Forecasts for the coming years suggest moderate growth and further development of the market in accordance with global trends and the internal needs of the economy. An important aspect is the further improvement of the regulatory framework, which will strengthen confidence in the market and create conditions for its further prosperity. Insurance services in this market are offered only by insurance companies. In this regard, based on the analysis of the activities of various companies, various approaches have been identified to assess the level of efficiency of the insurance market, as well as to assess the availability of conditions for the formation of this market and assess their possible impact on the economy of the region. So, for the insurance services market, state regulation of insurance activities is of particular importance, which involves mandatory licensing, to monitor the financial stability of insurance organizations. It is proved that the sustainable development of companies is impossible without including the social component of sustainable development in the investment decision-making process for better risk and profitability management. It is concluded that today the Russian insurance market continues to function in conditions of economic instability and sanctions pressure.
TERRORIST CRIMES IN THE BORDER AREA ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURSK, BRYANSK, BELGOROD REGIONS
Authors:   Southwestern state university, Kukharev Yuri Stanislavovich , Letova Snezhana Evgenyevna ,   Southwestern state university, Shabanova Elizaveta Alexandrovna ,   Southwestern state university
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the problem of committing terrorist acts in the border area. The concept of terrorist crimes and legislation (both international and national) in this area are defined. Some ways of preventing such crimes are noted. A study is being conducted on the specifics of terrorist crimes in modern conditions in the border area (using the example of the Kursk, Belgorod, and Bryansk regions) due to the fact that since the beginning of the Russian military special operation, Ukrainian militants have repeatedly staged sabotage in the border regions of Russia, including in the Kursk, Belgorod, and Bryansk regions. The concept of terrorism has been the subject of both doctrinal interpretations and legislative regulation for a long time. As a result of the study, some terrorist crimes are considered on the example of the Kursk, Bryansk and Belgorod regions. The topic of terrorist acts in the Russian border area is incredibly relevant, and also requires serious attention. It has many aspects that make it not only relevant, but also disturbing. To prevent terrorism, it is necessary to fulfill the following conditions, namely, strengthen border control, wage an ideological struggle against extremism, and solve socio-economic problems. It is important to cooperate with international organizations, as well as strengthen international security. But the inaction of international organizations in the fight against terrorism is quite an urgent topic and causes serious concern. To solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the effectiveness and coherence of international cooperation, expand the powers and resources of relevant structures, as well as develop common approaches to defining and countering terrorism.
THE INFLUENCE OF NEP ON CULTURE IN THE USSR
Authors:   Southwestern state university, Khrushchev Evgeniy Gennadievich , Shabanova Elizaveta Alexandrovna ,   Southwestern state university, Letova Snezhana Evgenyevna ,   Southwestern state university
Published: October 2024

The article focuses on the importance of the new economic policy in the development and change of the culture of the USSR in the 20s. The positive and negative factors of its impact on various spheres of cultural life of the USSR are determined. Each branch of culture of the USSR and their detailed characteristics are considered, taking into account this historical period. The objectives of the new economic policy in the specified period are described. The NEP was a period of dramatic change in the development of Soviet culture. After the devastating effects of the Civil War and war communism, the NEP allowed for a partial restoration of the economy and, as a result, cultural life. The purpose of studying this topic is the opportunity to take a new look at known facts, identify new sources and assess the impact of the policy on various spheres of cultural life, since there are many unexplored aspects of the influence of NEP on the culture of the USSR. The methodological basis of the research is the general scientific method of complex system-structural analysis, as well as private scientific methods: systemic, comparative legal, historical, formal logical, method of analysis of theoretical and normative legal material. As a result of the study, the role of NEP in the culture of the USSR at that time was revealed. By forming an understanding of the influence of NEP on Soviet culture, the most effective perception of historical processes in the USSR, from the "cultural revolution" to "stagnation", takes place. The experience of the NEP may be interesting for studying modern processes in the development of culture in different countries. The main conclusion of the article is that despite the fact that the NEP is an economic policy, it also had a huge impact on other spheres of public life of people of that time.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF FORMING A POSITIVE IMAGE OF A PRIVATE PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION
Authors:   Belgorod state national research university, Grebneva Valentina Viktorovna , Tarabaeva Victoria Borisovna ,   Belgorod state national research university, Miroshnikova Oksana Sergeevna ,   Belgorod state national research university
Published: October 2024

Based on theoretical and empirical analysis, the article substantiates the socio-psychological factors and conditions for the formation of the image of a private preschool educational organization. A multilevel structure of the image of private preschool educational organizations is proposed, the elements of which are the components of trust, attractiveness and evaluation of competitive advantages, as well as their criteria and indicators. The definition and extended characteristics of the concepts are given: "image of a private educational organization", "image carriers", "image agents", "image consumers". The authors point out that the main condition for the formation of the image of this type of educational organization is the systematic monitoring of socio-psychological indicators and the popularization of its results in the media. In order to test the author's hypothesis, multidimensional questionnaires were developed and used aimed at identifying the professional and managerial competence of the organization's leaders; indicators of professional satisfaction of staff; identifying the features of parental inquiry in private and public preschool educational organizations. To verify the results, an expert survey was conducted with the involvement of independent expert groups. The results of comprehensive monitoring made it possible to empirically identify and statistically substantiate a number of factors that ensure the formation of the image of a private preschool educational organization. The main factors are: the factor of consumer demand, the factor of competence of the head and staff; the factor of social networks; the factor of positioning; the factor of social activity; the factor of localization; monetary and regulatory factors.
Transport security of the modern state as a socio-legal phenomenon
Authors: Astrakhantsev Igor
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues concerning transport security – a complex socio-juridical formation, an element of national security of the state. Awareness of the determinacy of transport security by the political influence of the state in the international sphere contributed to the recognition of the development of transport infrastructure and its improvement as a national priority of the state. The historiographical analysis of the research subject reveals a number of scientific researches, which highlighted certain aspects of the formation of the idea of transport security and its implementation. However, transport security of the modern state as a socio-legal phenomenon remains uncharacterised. Methods. The research is based on the principles of comprehensive study of legal processes and phenomena, the integrity of theory and practice. The main methodological approaches were systemic and value-based ones. In the course of the research methods of periodisation, retrospective analysis, functional, formal-legal methods, method of content analysis of legal acts were used. An important role belonged to the sociological method, which made it possible, through the questionnaire surveys conducted by the author of the article, to determine the specifics of the subject composition of the transport security system and the peculiarities of law enforcement practice in the field of transport security in the Russian Federation. Results. The degree of development in legal science of questions concerning transport security is revealed; in the context of ideas about the modern state the content of the concept of “transport security” is specified; transport security and its maintenance are characterised as systems; internal affairs bodies are described as a subject of its ensuring; on the basis of independently conducted sociological researches the features of application of legal norms in the sphere of ensuring transport security are determined.
Place of the science of constitutional law in the system of legal knowledge: overcoming the boundaries of formal science
Authors: Presnyakov Mikhail
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the role of modern constitutional law in the system of sectoral legal sciences. The author notes that jurisprudence in general is a formal science, the subject of which are formal systems, which, mainly, it postulates itself - specific branches of law. Until a certain period (the formation of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and the adoption of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation) state law could also be considered as a sectoral science, the subject of which was mostly the system of state power organisation. However, unlike mathematics (which is also a formal science), jurisprudence possesses regulatory potential and relates to the impact on human behavior. In this way it cannot be encapsulated exclusively in the system of legal constructions outside the «life world». Research methods. A set of methods was used in the work: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, dialectical approach, method of comparative jurisprudence. Results. The author proves that the special role of constitutional law in the modern stage of development is that, on the one hand, through processes of constitutionalisation of other branches of law constitutional law claims to be a general system. In a certain sense, the science of constitutional law is gradually taking the place of theory of law in legal epistemology.
Relation between freedom of work and the obligation of citizens to work: a constitutional-legal researc
Authors: Sagandykov Mikhail
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Amendments to the Constitution of 2020 of the Russian Federation have marked the problem of changing the state approach to the interaction of the individual, society and the state. The basic content of freedom of work should not be identified with the right of a person not to carry out any socially useful activity. At the same time, the constitutional concept of mutual rights and obligations of the individual and the state cannot be built on the same principles as in the Soviet times. The purpose of the work is to identify the constitutional and legal meaning of the provisions on the obligations of a citizen to work or carry out other socially useful activities and to determine the prospects for establishing the relevant obligations in the legislation of Russia in the modern period. Methods. The main methods of scientific research are: system analysis, formal-legal method. Within the framework of historical-legal and comparative-legal methods the norms of the Constitutions of the RSFSR of 1918, 1925, 1937 and 1978 and constitutions of foreign countries were analysed in comparison with the corresponding provisions of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Results. Based on the analysis of constitutional and labour legislation of Russia and foreign countries the author’s attitude to the possibility of establishing in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and special legislation the obligations of citizens related to participation in socially useful activities. The conditions for the establishment of such obligations in the future, which should have a constitutional basis, are revealed.The theoretical issues that arose after the adoption of the 2020 amendments to the onstitution of the Russian Federation are outlined, which can serve as a direction for further constitutional and legal research. The conclusions are formulated about the inexpediency of introducing at present any coercive measures in relation to persons who do not perform any socially useful activity, and the conditions for their appearance in the legislation in the future.
Methodology of terrorist activity research. Part 2: cognitive tools
Authors: Abisova Kristina
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article is a logical continuation of the publication “Terrorism Research Methodology. Part 1: Research Fundamentals”. The article is devoted to the description of specific methodological tools of terrorist activity research. On account of the complexity of terrorist activity, the increasing complexity in the dynamics of social development, the diversity of types and forms of terrorism in modern transitional society, it is necessary to apply effective approaches to research. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was formed by the fundamental bases and postulates of philosophical methodology: universal categories, principles and regularities of dialectical and activity approaches, general scientific methodology of system approach, as well as a set of general logical methods of cognition. Results. The author substantiates that the dialectical method makes it possible to study the contradictory nature of terrorism, manifested in the dynamics of terrorist activity in the context of socio-historical development. The understanding of the complexity, diversity of types and forms, technological nature of terrorist activity as a modern socio-legal phenomenon, its place and role in the dynamics of social development of modern transitional society, as well as the need for systemic counteraction to it determines the requirement for applying a systemic approach. The use of the methodology of the interval approach provides a comprehensive study of the terrorist activity and its manifestations in various aspects and dimensions, the synthesis of knowledge of each of them helps to obtain an interval model of terrorist activity. Application of the activity approach reveals terrorist activity as criminal behaviour implemented on a systematic basis, including precriminal and post-criminal actions from a standpoint of committing a terrorist act.
Improvement of methodological and forensic support for investigating crimes against the family and minors on the basis of forecasting methods
Authors: Akiev Arbi
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The data of official statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the last 5 years reveal the growth of criminal encroachments on the interests of the family and minors, whose protection is the duty of the state, fixed in the Fundamental Law of the Russian Federation. Despite the measures being undertaken, the effectiveness of some of them, including those to ensure inevitability of punishment for a committed act, raises questions and proves the urgency of improving the work of law enforcement agencies in the detection, investigation and prevention of crimes against the family and minors. Methods. The methodological basis of the research was formed by general scientific and private-scientific methods of cognition: dialectical, formal logic (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), historical, systemic, comparative study, hermeneutic one and others. Results. On the basis of the analysis of scientific literature and questionnaire data of the preliminary investigation bodies’ staff, the author comes to the conclusion that the methodological recommendations on the investigation of certain types (groups) of crimes that are currently available in the investigative practice often contain gaps, and in some cases do not keep up with the transformation of criminal activity and, unfortunately, do not fulfil their function of providing practical units with the necessary methodological and forensic support. In order to solve the existing problems on counteraction to crimes against the family and minors, the author substantiates the necessity of using the methods of criminalistic forecasting in order to develop new techniques and improve the existing private methods of investigating crimes against the group under consideration.
Legislative regulation of the issues of counteraction to new forms of deviant behavior on the Internet
Authors: Berestovoi Andrey
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of legislative counteraction to new forms of deviant behavior that have recently appeared in the information space of the Internet. Trash streams represent the greatest public danger among its currently existing varieties. With the application of general scientific and private scientific methods, as well as the method of systemic formal- legal analysis, an attempt was made to determine some general provisions concerning the possibility of bringing the organizers and participants of trash streams to criminal, as well as in some cases to administrative responsibility. From the position of the theory of criminal legal science, as well as the currently available law enforcement practice, a number of draft laws prepared by the public and legislators, which are currently being considered as legislative initiatives, have been analyzed. In particular, the draft law on introducing alterations and additions to criminal legislation, proposing to establish criminal liability for committing such acts on the Internet. The subject of the study is federal laws, regulations and documents governing social relations in the field of combating criminal manifestations of deviant behavior on the Internet. The material base of the study was formed by the works of domestic forensic scientists devoted to the problem under study, as well as periodical press materials, judicial and investigative practice. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the basic provisions of the dialectical method of cognition, general scientific and private scientific methods, such as comparative-legal, concrete-sociological, formal-logical, systemic and historical, which made it possible to state some general conclusions. Results. As a result of the research the relevance of the systemic formal-legal approach has been established, starting from the legislative fixation of the concepts related to the signs of trash streaming, an attempt has been made to formulate the general conditions of criminalization of this kind of phenomena, legislative initiatives and proposals aimed at combating trash streaming have been named and analyzed. In addition, the conclusion is drawn of the complexity of criminal legal qualification of trash streaming as an act enshrined in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the form of a specific criminal law norm due to the formal absence of indicia of public danger and illegality, as well as the need for further work on draft laws, taking into account, among other things, the opinion of the scientific community.
Cruel treatment of animals with the use of sadistic methods
Authors: Gotchina Larisa , Semenova Viktoriya
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the research is grounded by the needs of modern law enforcement practice in establishing criteria for determining cruel treatment of animals and differentiating it from cruel treatment of animals with the use of sadistic methods. The research of the subject reveals a problem - the lack of a unified approach to the establishment of the acts in question, due to the fact that cruel treatment of animals and cruel treatment of animals with the use of sadistic methods are evaluative categories. The purpose of the research is to analyse the existing practice of qualification of cruelty to animals and cruelty to animals with the use of sadistic methods and to develop criteria for differentiating the acts in question. Methods. The methods of analysis, synthesis, generalisation, content analysis of documents, comparative-legal, formallogical and systemic ones were used. Results. The main results of the research are the revealed law enforcement issues related to the qualification of cruel treatment of animals. On the basis of the analysis of law enforcement practice of qualification of criminally punishable acts, the criteria of differentiation between cruel treatment of animals and the same act, but committed with the use of sadistic methods are determined. Recommendations for their qualification are formulated. These results are considered to be of theoretical and practical importance of the research.
Review of scientific and pedagogical activity and contribution of the Russian scientist M. N. Gernet to the development of criminal legal sciences and criminology
Authors: Kobets Peter
Published: October 2024

Introduction. This scientific study provides a brief overview of the creative path of the great Russian and Soviet scientist, Professor of Lomonosov Moscow State University – Mikhail Nikolaevich Gernet. Based on the analysis of scientific works written during the Soviet period of M. N. Gernet’s life and activity, the author outlined his personal point of view on his role in the evolving of a number of legal branches, as well as in the development of Russian legal science. This research will enable young Russian scholars and practitioners, as well as specialists interested in studying the origins of Russian law, to gain better and more thorough understanding of the content of legal phenomena, events, as well as legislative processes unfolding at the present time. Methods. The methodological basis of this study was formed by private-scientific methods, primarily content analysis of documents and legal methods, as well as general scientific methods, including historical, system analysis, generalisation, modelling and others. Results. In the course of this research project, it was possible to convincingly prove that that M. N. Gernet made a significant contribution to the development of criminology within legal science. His profound, fundamental, and advanced scientific research, both theoretical and practical, not only advanced the field for his time but also had a lasting impact on the field. Today, criminology is a sub-branch of criminal law, and its influence on Russian criminal legal theory is substantial. In addition, the author concludes that in the scientific works written by M. N. Gernet, most of the author’s points of view are based solely on humanistic approaches. Even when considering issues related to criminal punishment, the author endeavoured to expand the use of the parole system. Most of Professor M. N. Gernet’s scientific ideas are imbued with the principles of justice. Throughout his life, he sought to bridge the gap between theoretical scientific concepts and practical applications.
The future of criminal justice: the role of artificial intelligence in predictive analytics
Authors: Kostenko Roman , Ilyashenko Aleksey
Published: October 2024

Introduction. This article focuses on the importance and prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in predictive analytics in the criminal justice context. The research is motivated by the significant development of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, which are being used in a multitude of fields, including criminal justice. The authors detail the theoretical and practical aspects of predictive analytics, which makes it possible to predict future events based on statistical data and machine learning algorithms. Special attention is paid to the difference between artificial intelligence and predictive analytics. The effectiveness of the application of predictive analytics in criminal justice, including optimising preliminary investigations, improving criminal prosecution and predicting the outcome of criminal cases, is highlighted. Methods. The basis of the research methodology is dialectical materialism, applied general scientific (system-structural and formallogical, inductive and deductive, analysis and synthesis) and special (formal-legal, comparativelegal) methods. Results. The authors conclude that artificial intelligence spans a wider range of tasks requiring human intelligence, while predictive analytics concentrates on making predictions. Advanced technologies that are already in active use in various countries, improving and optimising the allocation of law enforcement and judicial resources, are described. The prospect of integrating virtual and augmented reality technologies into criminal justice is considered, which can radically change approaches to predictive analytics and criminal procedure in general, enriching visualisation and interactive cooperation between participants of legal relations.
International treaties of the Russian Federation on the restriction or prohibition of means of warfare as a source of interpretation of article 356, paragraph 1, of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lisauskaite Valentina
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Part 1 of Article 356 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation establishes one of the most socially dangerous crimes recognised by the entire world community – war crimes.The disposition of the structure as alternative actions provides for the use of means of warfare prohibited by international treaties of the Russian Federation. However, the criminal law does not specify such means, which creates a problem for the qualification of the crime. The analysis of such treaties makes it possible to form specific prohibitions, the violation of which should be considered as the commission of the objective aspect of a war crime. At present, this issue is very relevant, since a large number of armed conflicts are taking place in the world and such crimes are being committed. Defending the inevitability of punishment for war crimes, Russia, in accordance with the norms of international law, should have a legal possibility to apply the mechanism of such responsibility. Therefore, the presented analysis is relevant and interesting. Methods. Methods of description, analysis, comparison and systematic method of research are used. Results. The results of the research were the final assessment of the analysed international treaties of the Russian Federation, enshrining prohibitions on the use of specific means of warfare, and the formation of recommendations to improve the provisions of the disposition of part 1. art. 356 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for more effective use and classification of war crimes.
The right for defense to protect property rights and personal non-property rights: real or illusive
Authors: Nikulenko Andrey , Smirnov Maksim
Published: October 2024

Introduction. By virtue of the provisions of Article 45 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, everyone is guaranteed the right to defend personal rights and freedoms in all ways not prohibited by law. This fundamental constitutional principle is reflected in Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), which enshrines the right of any person to the necessary defence, that is, to harm (up to deprivation of life) an encroaching person while suppressing socially dangerous encroachments protecting oneself or other persons, the legally protected interests of society or the state. For a long time, the issue of the possibility of protecting property rights, including housing, within the framework of necessary defense remained debatable. Finally, in May 2022, amendments were made to the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated 09/27/2012 Nº 19, enshrining the right for necessary defense in the event of expected changes that will empower citizens to serve as a basis for their revision. In this regard, it should be recognised as relevant to consider the issue of determining the limits of lawful infliction of harm in the suppression of encroachments related to illegal penetration of housing. Within the framework of this work, the authors also consider the issue of determining the limits of lawful infliction of harm in defence against encroachments on personal non-property rights, both associated and not associated with the use or threat of use of violence dangerous to the life of the defender. Research methods: theoretical, comparativelegal, method of formal logics, method of interpretation of legal norms. Due to the results of the research, the authors give a list of situations which were not taken into account by the judicial community including the right to defend the house, which should serve as a basis for legal review of the case. In addition, the authors point to the need to optimize Article 37 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the provisions of the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 27, 2012 No. 19 in terms of expanding the right for necessary defense due to the possibility of suppressing administrative offenses within its framework and bringing it into line with Article 37 of the Criminal Code, as well as other circumstances excluding criminality acts, «special legislation» defining the procedure and grounds for the use of force and weapons by law enforcement officers.
The problem of assessing the materiality of harm as part of arbitrariness
Authors: Pinyagina Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The aarticle deals with the issue of legislative regulation, establishment and assessment of the consequences of arbitrariness. The issues of determining the materiality of harm as a feature of the objective side of the offence under Article 330 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the varieties of substantial harm caused in the commission of arbitrary actions are determined. It is noted that the materiality of harm is a necessary condition for qualification of a deed under Article 330 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the research is to characterise the criteria used by law enforcers in determining the essential harm as part of arbitrariness. Methods. The author used the following methods: dialectical method of cognition, a set of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction), as well as a number of special methods (formal-legal, comparativelegal, systemic, functional). Results. The analysis of judicial practice on the problem under study allowed to determine the influence of the subjective factor due to the creative nature of the law enforcer in determining the materiality of the harm caused by unlawful actions. It is concluded that the lack of criteria for assessing the materiality of harm, as well as the lack of specification of the range of social relations that may be harmed as a result of arbitrariness, may cause such harm, entails uncertainty in the emerging law enforcement judicial practice.
Prospects for countering customs evasion in the context of the humanization of criminal law
Authors: Sheveleva Svetlana , Baumshteyn Anton
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of changes introduced in 2024 to the definition of large and especially large size as a criminogenic feature in Article 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the conditions of permanent humanisation of criminal legislation. Methods. The methods of cognitive action, methods-operations, empirical methods and forecasting method were used during the research. Results. The law-making process, which resulted in amendments to Article 194 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in terms of increasing large and especially large damage as a criminogenic feature and a new note defining other sizes for certain types of goods, is analysed. The opinions of representatives of the business community, scientists, law enforcement officers, analytical and statistical information presented in the article made it possible to come to a conclusion and insufficiency of increasing the criminally forming large and especially large size of evasion of mandatory public payments in foreign economic activity. A critical assessment of the new note, levelling the principle of certainty of the criminal law, is given. The authors’ position on rationality of synchronisation of large and especially large sizes in customs and tax crimes is given.
Psychological work as an effective direction of re-socialization of a convicted person
Authors: Yakovleva Margarita
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The relevance of the present research is determined by the fact that in 2024 the Federal Law ‘On Probation in the Russian Federation’ came into force. The adoption of this law not only initiated the development of a new stage in the penal and correctional policy of the state, associated with the formation of a comprehensive system of re-socialisation of convicted persons, but also gave rise to some problematic issues related to the implementation of its provisions. The necessity to study psychological work as a direction of penitentiary probation is caused by the fact that the current legislation in relation to penitentiary probation has a number of controversial, untested provisions that make it difficult to use the preventive potential of psychological work to correct the behaviour of convicts. At the same time, psychological work occupies a significant place in the complex of measures to correct the behaviour of a convicted person, as it provides the opportunity to comprehensively prepare convicts still under sentence for life, work and interaction with other members of society outside the walls of correctional institutions. Methodology. The methods of formal-logical, statistical, system analysis, method of expert survey were used in the research. The results of the research demonstrate that psychological work is an effective direction intended for the re-socialisation of a convicted person, but the current legislation in relation to penitentiary probation has a number of controversial, untested provisions that make it difficult to use the preventive potential of psychological work to correct the behaviour of convicts. In order to solve the identified problems, first of all, it is necessary to provide for a psychological work as one of the means of correction of convicts, as well as to amend the legislation regulating the activities of psychologists of the Federal Penitentiary Service by eliminating the shortcomings revealed by the results of the research.
Historical and legal analysis of copyright protection in the Great Britain
Authors: Karpuhina Asiat
Published: October 2024

Introduction. The history of origin and development of copyright, mechanisms of its protection is closely related to the change of paradigms, transformation of society, and emergence of qualitatively new social relations in it. The identification of general historical regularities as well as significant differences allows not only to characterise more clearly the problems arising in connection with copyright protection, but also, based on the events of the past, to identify trends in the further development of this institution. The author was given a multi–faceted task of this study – the systematization of knowledge about the subject of research with the identification of features and historical patterns associated with the emergence of the copyright institute in the UK. Essential to substantiate the existence of copyright in modern realities is the need to clarify the conceptual ideas and traditions of literary and artistic property in the law making of European states of the XIX – historical context, identifying the peculiarities of each stage, from the first royal privileges to modern approaches to copyright protection in Great Britain. Methods. The solution of the problems faced by the researcher was possible taking into account the use of methods of analysis, synthesis, analogy in combination with comparative-legal, formal-legal, systemic methods, as well as problem-theoretical and historical-legal methods of research. Results. The obtained results of the conducted historical and legal analysis supplement the knowledge on the theory and history of foreign state and law, clarify the peculiarities of the nature of copyright in its historical context. Conclusion. Identification and establishment of historical and legal connections, general historical regularities of origin, formation and further development of the institute of copyright in Great Britain (its protection) will allow to outline a number of issues arising in copyright in the modern world and to determine the trends of further development of this institute.
Importance of the head of the service staff of the internal affairs body in the formation of normative behaviour of its members: an empirical research
Authors: Borodavko Leonid , Silkin Nikolay , Korzunin Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Increasing the effectiveness of the activity of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in modern conditions focuses on psychological factors of its implementation both individually (by particular employees) and in the process of cooperative actions (by service staffs). Special consideration should be given to the role of the head as an organiser and regulator of the activities of subordinate employees, who is responsible for the quality and legality of their actions. Existing ideas on the interaction of service staff members characterise the role of the head in different ways, but empirically insufficiently verify its significance in teams with different levels of functional relations and normative behaviour. The prerequisite of the present research is the replenishment of scientific and practical knowledge of the role of the head of the service staff as a regulator of functional relations and normative behaviour of internal affairs officers. The purpose of the research is to reveal the significance of the attitude to the head of the service staff when assessing the influence of functional characteristics of relations in the service staff on the understanding normative behaviour among its members. Research methods. A set of psychodiagnostic questionnaires was used: ‘Subjective assessment of intragroup relations’ (S. V. Dukhnovsky, K. V. Zlokazov), ‘Attitude of an employee to the performed activity, his direct supervisor and his reputation’ (A. A. Sarsenova), ‘Normativity. Intelligence. Regulation’ (S. V. Dukhnovsky, V. M. Kofanov). The sample of the research consisted of 160 employees of internal affairs bodies (112 males and 48 females aged from 29 to 43 years). Regression analysis was used as a method of data processing. Results. The authors found out that the normative behaviour of service team members is determined by functional-negative characteristics of their interaction and is an independent cause of service discipline violations. This fact testifies that negative forms of interaction of service team members (aimlessness, uncontrollability, connivance) as well as relations (hostility, negativism and conflict) reduce the level of normative service behaviour. It is determined that the attitude of employees to the head of the service team mediates the influence of functional-negative characteristics, acting as a regulator of their service behaviour. The results of the research expand scientific ideas on psychology of management of formal groups (by the example of service staffs) and can be used in preparation of employees of internal affairs bodies for positions of junior and middle supervising staffs.