bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Two-Electron Atoms Examined Using the Hartree-Fock Approximation Difficulties
Authors: Hasan Enass , Abood Saad
Published: June 2024

The investigation examines the presence and properties of Holomorphic restricted Hartree–Fock (h-RHF) solutions within (2-electron) systems. Through the utilization of (algebraic geometry), the specific ways of solutions associated with n basis functions is formally determined as ½(3n-1), providing clear evidence that states are compulsory for all molecular configurations. A thorough analysis of the h-RHF states of HZ (STO-3G) subsequently highlights both the continuation of Holomorphic solutions amidst variations in geometry or atomic charges, and the emergence of complex h-RHF solutions at points of convergence. By employing "catastrophe theory", these theory converging ways are elaborated upon, certainly the effect of molecular symmetry. We have been two ways getting of result the h-RHF states of HHeH2+ and HHeH (STO-3G), explanation the structural similarity between systems featuring 2-electrons and 2-holes. Eventually, a realization is executed on the h-RHF states of "ethane" (STO-3G) by considering the π-electrons as a two–electron problem, and utilizing NOCI to select an intersection between the ground state energy "singlet and triplet" states at vertical structure. The utilization of the "4-h-RHF" and "4-h-UHF" levels has been employed like a fundamental for "NOCI" in order to detect a junction between "the lowest energy singlet and triplet states" occurring at a curvature "angle of 90◦". This is achieved by approaching the "π electrons" in ethylene as a 2-electron dilemma. Subsequently, this outcome is validated within the context of the basis set approximation through variance within the precise "STO-3G energies" calculated using FCIQMC, showcasing the ability of integrating "Holomorphic Hartree–Fock theory and NOCI".
Trajectory Optimization and Power Allocation Scheme for a UAV Relay-aided Network in the Presence of an Eavesdropper
Authors: Jishan-E-Giti null , Chowdhury Shah Ariful Hoque , Moon Al-Hadith
Published: June 2024

The information theoretical security for a cellular network in the presence of an eavesdropper is investigated in this research. The network is single-input-single-output (SISO) in nature. A small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is aiding the network as a relay that follows the decode-and-forward (DF) protocol. The relay decodes the transmitted signal and retransmits it to the destination while repositioning itself if required. The allotted power of the UAV may not be enough for long-distance and long-duration travel. This article deals with the power needed for the data transmission so that the UAV can operate as a relay with less transmit power. However, the confidential data transmission between a base station and a mobile device is being intercepted by a passive eavesdropper. The security issue affects the transmit power and the outage situation. The theory of physical layer security is employed to ensure a secure wireless transmission. The secrecy parameters, namely, the secrecy capacity and the secrecy outage probability are investigated via mathematical derivations and computer programming. Additionally, optimizing the trajectory and allocation of the transmit power budget of the UAV will increase the network’s reliability. Our results show that the UAV relay can handle a secure transmission with its limited resources if a budget power allocation can be achieved along with an optimized trajectory.
Strangulated Transmural Hernia of the Uterus After Myomectomy: A Rare Cause of Bowel Obstruction
Authors: Mamadouba Camara , Romuald Bly , Fodé Cissé , Mamadou Camara
Published: June 2024

Consultation for mechanical bowel obstruction is one of the most common reasons in emergency and surgical departments. Transmural hernia of the strangulated uterus after myomectomy is a rare etiology of intestinal obstruction. Their diagnosis is increasingly complex and is discovered during an exploratory laparotomy. In this observation, we report the case of this 34-year-old patient with a history of myomectomy, nulliparous admitted for persistent abdominal pain and vomiting. an abdominopelvic ultrasound showed images of uterine myomas in necrobiosis. the patient presented an occlusive syndrome for which an abdominopelvic MRI which confirmed the diagnosis of aseptic necrobiosis. This unusual image mimicking that of a necrobiosis of uterine myoma was the difficulty which allowed this diagnostic error and the delay in the treatment of this patient. As this philosophy emphasizes (never let the sun rise or set in case of mechanical obstruction of the small intestine). Given the persistence of clinical signs, an abdominal CT scan was requested and confirmed the diagnosis of occlusive syndrome. conclusion: Faced with the diagnosis of an acute intestinal obstruction following a myomectomy by a combination of persistent abdominal pain, vomiting, cessation of materials and gas, systematically look for an obstruction of internal hernia by incarceration in a myomectomy cubicle. Exploratory laparotomy makes it possible to find the etiology and treat it.
Financial Development in the Face of Rising Public Debt in Ghana: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Osei-Amoako Clement
Published: June 2024

This qualitative study explored the relationship between financial development and public debt within the context of Ghana. It sought to comprehend the impact of rising public debt on financial development and the broader implications for economic growth and stability in Ghana, a lower middle-income country grappling with high debt levels and fiscal challenges. The study thus employed a qualitative research paradigm, gathering data through face-to-face interviews with sixteen (16) economic and financial experts from five (5) prominent banks in Ghana. This method allowed for an in-depth appreciation of the subjective perceptions and insights of stakeholders directly involved in or affected by Ghana’s financial and public debt management sectors. Ethical considerations were meticulously adhered to, ensuring informed consent and confidentiality of the participants. The study revealed a moderate pace of financial development hindered by high-interest rates and limited access to credit. Public debt was perceived as excessively high, posing significant financial stability and economic growth risks. Policy recommendations from the study emphasize the need for fiscal discipline, improved regulatory frameworks, enhanced financial inclusion, and strategic investment in infrastructure and education. This study contributes to the literature by providing a qualitative insight into the complex dynamics between financial development and public debt in Ghana, a topic that has been less explored in empirical studies, especially from a qualitative perspective.
400 Gramme on Skull Base and Face: Complete Removal and Reconstruction
Authors: Dao Ibrahim , Traoré Ibrahima , Kohoun Michel , Somda Astride , Sow Salah , Doukouré Nasser , Ouedraogo Narcisse , Ouattara Ousmane , Bako Frédéric , Sanou Abdoulaye , Nassoum Elie , Tossou Arsène , Beogo Rasmané , Dakouré Patrick
Published: June 2024

Background: Huge craniofacial tumors represent a surgical challenge not only for high risk of intraoperative damage of the brain and sense organs of the face, but also for esthetical issues which may occur postoperatively. This surgery is riskier when these processes are represented by massive compact bone such as osteomas. Case presentation: A young patient with huge disfiguring osteoma of anterior skull base extended to sphenoidal, frontal, maxillary sinuses as well as in orbits benefit for a complete removal with craniofacial reconstruction through a surgical teamwork including neurosurgeon, maxillofacial surgeon and ophthalmologist; with an overt satisfactory cosmetic result. Preoperative planning is reported as well as the intraoperative procedure and the postoperative reconstruction and follow up. Conclusion: Craniofacial osteoma represents a surgical and cometic challenge for their resection. This resection is tailored through sophisticated devices such as preoperative 3D (3 dimension) printed model, intraoperative neuronavigation, and the use on custom-made bone. In place where this reported patient is managed, these tools are unavailable. Thus, priority should be given to teamwork with accurate preoperative planning and manually confectioned cranioplasty. Endoscopic approach for these processes gained more and more indication in the resection of these craniofacial and skull base osteomas. Since this device require a learning curve, laboratory training for is proper using as well as in microneurosurgery techniques is highly recommended. A hope is encountered though the humanitarian implication of some organization and universities.
Multimodal Imaging in Diagnosis of Vogt Koyanagi Harada Disease with Reference to Choroid and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Arora Deepesh , Sharma Anuj , Sharma Devesh , Sharma Dinesh
Published: June 2024

A 48 year dark skinned North Indian male presented first time to our outpatient with history of bilateral visual decline of 3 weeks duration with associated features of headache, myalgia and rhinitus of 4 weeks duration. A detailed examination confirmed bilateral active anterior granulomatous uveitis with bilateral disc oedema with serous retinal detachment. Multimodal imaging examination was carried out with nideks mirante. Diagnosis in favour of vogt koyanagi harada disease was confirmed. The posterior segment was assessed for various changes in acute and remission phase of vogt koyanagi harada disease with fundus fluorescein angiography, fundus autoflourescence, retroillumination and optical coherence tomography. Thickness and structural change related to central macula thickness, retinal pigment epithelium and choroid were assessed pre and post treatment with additional support of optical coherence tomography and retroillumination. Both these techniques were able to document a greater value change pre and post treatment in these structures. Hence we conclude the need to include these techniques in retinal pigment epithelium and choroidal assessment in vogt koyanagi harada disease.
Understanding the Role of Structural Change Management from Employees’ Perspective: A Case Study for Hawassa Industrial Park
Authors: Hafebo Paulos
Published: June 2024

This qualitative research aimed to show that to exploring the understanding of the role of Structural change management from employees’ perspectives in Hawassa Industrial Parks under Ethiopian Industrial Parks Corporations. This specific study attempted to emphasize on the role of structural change management for structural change performance enhancement. The study on structural change management from employees’ perspectives employed qualitative exploratory method to capture the experience and perception of employee’s. For this specific study in the study area data source would be only primary data. Data collection method was semi-structured in-depth interview made with the eight employees and one supervisor from eighteen companies with in the Hawassa Industrial Park. The data were analyzed by using thematic &content analysis. The research on structural change management from employees’ perspectives has the finding of training related, experience related, perception related and administrative body related aspects hindering change management. Finally the study recommended that the companies in the industrial parks, National and regional government and industrial park’s administrative bodies should apply open door policy to exploit eternal opportunities and the employees in the companies also should be open wise to adapt as well as to exercise change management. Over-all study suggested some limitations for other researchers.
Obstacles Facing Sport Education Teacher During Service in the Gaza Strip Governorates
Authors: Alaqra Olfat
Published: June 2024

The study aimed to identify the Obstacles facing Sport education teacher during service in the Gaza Strip Governorates, and the researcher used the prescriptive curriculum and to achieve this study was conducted on (80) teacher, representing (27%) of the original's community study of (215) teacher, the researcher used the descriptive approach, After seeing the studies scientific research and determining the objective of the form and through per-sonal interviews with academics specializing in sports education and some sports education teachers, the main axes of the study were identified and these axes were presented to the number of (5) Experts with a PHD of at least 10 years' experience to demonstrate the suitability of these axes to the objectives of the study as well as to determine the relative importance of each axis, and they agreed to have (7) Interlocutors of the form, The study results showed that the Obstacles facing Sport education teacher during service in the Gaza Strip Governorates were few and by (67.54%), And the methods way ranked the first relative weight (76.43%), followed by parent's second relative weight (76.2%), and the student ranked third relative weight (71.17%), and security and safety factors ranked fourth relative weight (63.67%), and curriculum fifth place relative weight (59.17%) and facilities ranked sixth and final relative weight (54.17%), The researcher Recommend that the Sports education teachers should undergo training courses, seminars, educational lectures and courses on modern teaching methods that are appropriate to the nature of sports education.
Initial Experience With Robotic Liver Resection in the United States
Authors: Imai Daisuke , Yokoyama Masaya , Sambommatsu Yuzuru , Khan Aamir A. , Kumaran Vinay , Saeed Muhammad I. , Lee Hannah , Matherly Scott , Cotterell Adrian H. , Levy Marlon F. , Bruno David A. , Lee Seung D. , Sharma Amit
Published: June 2024

Background

This study’s aim was to show the feasibility and safety of robotic liver resection (RLR) even without extensive experience in major laparoscopic liver resection (LLR).

Methods

A single center, retrospective analysis was performed for consecutive liver resections for solid liver tumors from 2014 to 2022.

Results

The analysis included 226 liver resections, comprising 127 (56.2%) open surgeries, 28 (12.4%) LLR, and 71 (31.4%) RLR. The rate of RLR increased and that of LLR decreased over time. In a comparison between propensity score matching-selected open liver resection and RLR (41:41), RLR had significantly less blood loss (384 ± 413 vs 649 ± 646 mL, P = .030) and shorter hospital stay (4.4 ± 3.0 vs 6.4 ± 3.7 days, P = .010), as well as comparable operative time (289 ± 123 vs 290 ± 132 mins, P = .954). A comparison between LLR and RLR showed comparable perioperative outcomes, even with more surgeries with higher difficulty score included in RLR (5.2 ± 2.7 vs 4.3 ± 2.5, P = .147). The analysis of the learning curve in RLR demonstrated that blood loss, conversion rate, and complication rate consistently improved over time, with the case number required to achieve the learning curve appearing to be 60 cases.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that RLR is a feasible, safe, and acceptable platform for liver resection, and that the safe implementation and dissemination of RLR can be achieved without solid experience of LLR.
The effect of lithium variation coefficient on the risk of attack in patients with bipolar disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Başak Oktay Saniye , Sehlikoğlu Şeyma , Yildiz Sevler , Han Almiş Behice , Çikim İsmail Gürkan
Published: June 2024

Background

This study examines the association between the coefficient of variation (%CV) of lithium levels and episode risk and frequency in bipolar patients maintaining serum lithium levels within the therapeutic range.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients with bipolar disorder under care from 2018 to 2022. Inclusion criteria were at least 2 years of follow-up, a minimum of three annual lithium level measurements within the therapeutic range. Patients were categorized based on seizure status. We calculated mean lithium levels, standard deviation (SD), and %CV.

Results

The study included 75 patients (patients with-without episodes, 39–36). Demographic data revealed no significant differences. While mean lithium levels showed no significant disparity between groups, SD and %CV were notably higher in patients with episodes ( P < .05). ROC analysis demonstrated AUC values of 0.722 (95% CI: 0.607–0.836 P = .001) for %CV and 0.709 (95% CI: 0.593–0.826; P = .002) for SD. The optimal %CV cutoff was 17.39, with 67% sensitivity and 69% specificity. A weak correlation was found between %CV and the number of episodes ( P = .001, r = 0.376). The post-hoc power analysis for this study was 0.78.

Conclusions

Despite acceptable lithium levels, patients with recent episodes exhibited significant lithium level fluctuations. Integrating %CV with real-time lithium measurements during bipolar disorder follow-up may enhance clinical monitoring and seizure prediction.
China’s Central-Local Relations: “Constitutional Vacuum” Revisited
Authors: Zhang Aisi
Published: June 2024

China constitutionally remains a unitary state, but it has been stuck in a continuous loop of centralization and decentralization throughout its history. In the pre-Xi era, the communist regime relied heavily on the Chinese Communist Party’s policies to regulate power dynamics between the central and the local. Since Xi assumed power in 2012, the Constitution has turned into a tool used by the party-state to strengthen central control over local agents. Both the new anti-corruption and legislative review systems have been established in the 2018 Constitutional Amendment to help the center monitor and discipline local authorities more effectively.
Picture This: Studying the Effectiveness of Illustrated Instructions
Authors: Gurung Regan A. R. , Herrboldt Paige
Published: June 2024

Background

Research on multimedia instruction suggests that illustrations aid learning over straight text. Providing students with illustrated instructions may increase comprehension and retention of material.

Objective

We tested if students would remember the material better if it was presented as an infographic where the content was supplemented with illustrations versus reading the same content without illustrations.

Method

We randomly assigned students ( N = 114) to either a text-based or an illustrated instruction condition where they learned about three types of study techniques (retrieval practice, spaced practice, and interleaving). After a brief distraction task, all students took a quiz on the material presented.

Results

A multivariate analysis of variance showed a significant main effect for the condition. Students in the illustrated instruction condition scored higher on the quiz than those who were assigned to the text-based condition.

Conclusion

Presenting complex material as an infographic with illustrations may aid learning.

Teaching Implications

Teachers and textbook authors should consider the use of illustrated instructions to convey difficult material, especially bottleneck concepts.
Participation Rates in 11 National Dental Practice-Based Research Network Surveys 2014-2022
Authors: Funkhouser Ellen , Mungia Rahma , Laws Reesa , Nyongesa Denis B. , Gillespie Suzanne , Leo Michael C. , McBurnie Mary Ann , Gilbert Gregg H. ,   National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: June 2024

Surveys of health professionals typically have low response rates, which have decreased in recent years. We report on the methods used, participation rates, and study time for 11 national questionnaire studies of dentists conducted from 2014–2022. Participation rates decreased (87%–25%). Concurrent with this decrease was a decrease in the intensity with which the practitioners were recruited. Participation rates were higher when postal mail invitation and paper options were used (84% vs. 58%, p < .001). Completion rates were nearly twice as high in studies that recruited in waves than those that did not (61% vs. 35%, p = .003). Study time varied from 2.6 to 28.4 weeks. Study time was longest when postal mail and completion on paper were used (26.0 vs. 11.3 weeks, p = .01). Among studies using only online methods, study time was longer when invitations were staggered than when all invitations went out in one bolus (means 12.0 and 5.2, p = .04). Study time was positively correlated with participation rates (Spearman r = .80, p = .005). General dentists participated at an average of 12% higher rates than specialists. Recruitment methodology, such as recruiting in waves or stages, should be considered when designing surveys.
Who’s Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf? How corporations maintain hegemony by using counterinsurgency tactics to undermine activism
Authors: Barthold Charles , Branicki Layla , Delalieux Guillaume
Published: June 2024

This article contributes to critical theory building in relation to political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) by conceptualizing the underlying processes and practices through which corporations seek to counter threats posed by activist groups. We argue that the problematic nature of PCSR is entangled not only in its state-like aims, but also in its covert deployment of military tactics towards the maintenance of corporate hegemony. We illuminate how corporations use counterinsurgency tactics to undermine the ability of activists to hold them accountable for their wrongdoing. Building on the work of Gramsci, we propose that counterinsurgency tactics combine elements of force and persuasion that enable corporations to maintain hegemony (i.e., secure consent over time). We ask: How are counterinsurgency tactics used by corporations to neutralize activist pressures and maintain corporate hegemony? We draw upon historical sources regarding the Nestlé infant milk boycott case to undertake a genealogical analysis that exposes counterinsurgency tactics enabling corporations to counter activists and sustain their hegemony. We find that Nestlé deployed four key counterinsurgency tactics to nullify activist pressures (suppressing external support, isolating the activist(s), capturing the dialogue, and covert intelligence gathering). From our analysis, we propose the term corporate counterinsurgency and theorize the historic use of corporate counterinsurgency tactics as an example of a hegemonic strategy that enables corporations to covertly undermine activist pressures. We conclude by calling for further reflexivity in organizational studies research on the military origins of PCSR, and by outlining how activist organizations might mobilize against corporate counterinsurgency tactics.
Feminist Mothering and Primary Prevention of Gendered Violence: Insights From Australian Mothers Raising Sons
Authors: Epstein Sarah
Published: June 2024

In Australia, significant efforts like The National Plan to End Violence Against Women and Children 2022–2032, the Change the Story framework, and Man Box study have aimed to understand and address gendered violence. These initiatives stress the need for prevention, particularly focusing on young people by challenging rigid gender stereotypes and male authority and control over decision-making. This paper presents qualitative research with nine self-identified feminist mothers raising sons, exploring their underrepresented yet important role in violence prevention. It examines how these mothers discuss gender, sex, and power with their sons and the intentions of their feminist maternal practice in building gender equality. The research highlights the contributions of feminist mothers in addressing drivers of gendered violence in the primary prevention space, advocating for greater visibility of their efforts to enrich policy and practice in violence prevention in Australia.
To What Extent Does Asylum Policy Match Public Policy Preferences?
Authors: Corre Tiphaine Le , Tilley James
Published: June 2024

Although a large body of research demonstrates that policymakers generally respond to citizens’ preferences, immigration issues are often thought to elude this model of representation. It has been widely argued that immigration policymaking is characterized by an “opinion-policy gap” whereby immigration policies are more permissive than public preferences. However, we argue that immigration policy preferences have been poorly measured. Adopting a multidimensional approach, we disaggregate immigration into its component policies and focus specifically on asylum policy preferences. We test whether current asylum policies align with public opinion in Britain using an original conjoint experiment with realistic policy choices relative to the status quo. Contrary to the gap hypothesis, we show that the British public is not consistently in favor of more restrictive asylum policies. Our findings suggest that immigration policy preferences can be better understood by disaggregating the multidimensional policy field of immigration.
A novel activated carbon material from peanut shells for the removal of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater: kinetics, isotherms and mechanism
Authors: Aladeokin Oluwagbemi , Fletcher Ashleigh
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the removal of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) dyes from an aqueous phase using a novel activated carbon material derived from peanut shells. The effects of pH, contact-time and initial dye concentration on the adsorption performance were evaluated. The adsorption kinetics were fitted with pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion models, while the adsorption isotherms were modelled using Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips equations. The results showed that the adsorption of both dyes followed the PSO kinetic model, and the Freundlich and Sips isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacities of the carbon material for MO and MB, according to the Sips model, were 4584 and 1769 mg/g, respectively. The pH range of 3–11 had negligible influence on the adsorption capacities of both dyes. The adsorption mechanism was mainly attributed to π–π interactions, n–π electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interactions and pore filling. The activated carbon material exhibited good reusability and stability, achieving over 90% dye removal, after five cycles of adsorption–desorption using hot (90 ± 2 °C) deionised water as the eluent, indicating that the carbon material synthesised from peanut shells is a promising adsorbent for the removal of ionic dyes from wastewater.
Remotely Assessing Motor Function and Activity of the Upper Extremity After Stroke: A Systematic Review of Validity and Clinical Utility of Tele-Assessments
Authors: Sauerzopf Lena , Luft Andreas R. , Baldissera Anna , Frey Sara , Klamroth-Marganska Verena , Spiess Martina R.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The aim of this systematic review is to identify currently available tele-assessments for motor impairments of the upper extremity in adults after a stroke and to assess their psychometric properties and clinical utility.

Data sources

We searched for studies describing the psychometric properties of tele-assessments for the motor function of the upper extremity. A systematic search was conducted in the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Medline via OVID, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore from inception until 30 April 2024.

Review methods

The quality assessment for the included studies and the rating of the psychometric properties were performed using the COSMIN Risk of Bias Checklist for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures.

Results

A total of 12 studies (N = 3912) describing 11 tele-assessments met the predefined inclusion criteria. The included assessments were heterogeneous in terms of quality and psychometric properties and risk of bias. None of the tele-assessments currently meets the criteria of clinical utility to be recommended for clinical practice without restriction.

Conclusion

The quality and clinical utility of tele-assessments varied widely, suggesting a cautious consideration for immediate clinical practice application. There is potential for tele-assessments in clinical practice, but the clinical benefits need to be improved by simplifying the complexity of tele-assessments.

Registration Number

CRD42022335035.
A Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Analgosedation Requirements in COVID-19 Compared to Non-COVID-19 Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
Authors: Schaller Alyssa M. , Feih Joel T. , Juul Janelle J. , Rein Lisa E. , Duewell Brittney E. , Makker Hemanckur
Published: June 2024

Background

Reports have described increased sedation requirements in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and for intubated COVID-19 patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the analgosedation requirements of COVID-19 patients receiving ECMO compared to non-COVID-19 ECMO patients.

Methods

This retrospective, observational cohort study included adult patients with ARDS requiring venovenous or venopulmonary arterial ECMO admitted to a single intensive care unit from January 2017 to December 2021. Patients were categorized as COVID-19 ECMO or non-COVID-19 ECMO. The primary outcome was median daily dosing of parenteral analgosedative medications. Pertinent secondary outcomes included incidence of extubation or tracheostomy and change in sedation following tracheostomy or addition of oral agents.

Results

A total of 109 patients were evaluated; 63 COVID-19 ECMO patients and 46 non-COVID ECMO patients. The primary outcome was statistically higher in the COVID-19 compared to non-COVID-19 patients for propofol (4131.0 mg vs 2704.8 mg, P < .001), dexmedetomidine (1581.4 mcg vs 1081.3 mcg, P  =  .016), and parenteral morphine equivalents ([PME], 209.3 mg vs 154.1 mg, P  =  .027), but only propofol remained significant after adjustment for weight (31.1 mcg/kg/day vs 37.7 mcg/kg/day, P  =  .014). COVID-19 was significantly associated with increased propofol and PME requirements after adjustment for confounders on linear regression analysis. COVID-19 patients had more days with non-zero dose for propofol (8 days vs 7 days), dexmedetomidine (13 days vs 8.5 days), and PME (17 days vs 8.5 days). The only interventions that were associated with reductions in propofol dose were tracheostomy and antipsychotics.

Conclusions

COVID-19 patients on ECMO had significantly longer durations and higher doses of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and parenteral opioids over the first 28 days of cannulation. The only interventions that were associated with statistical reductions in propofol were antipsychotics and tracheostomy.
Misperception of Norms About Intimate Partner Violence as a Driver of Personal IPV Attitudes and Perpetration: A Population-Based Study of Men in Rural Uganda
Authors: Perkins Jessica M. , Nyakato Viola , Kakuhikire Bernard , Sriken Julie , Schember Cassandra O. , Baguma Charles , Namara Elizabeth B. , Ahereza Phionah , Ninsiima Immaculate , Comfort Alison B. , Audet Carolyn M. , Tsai Alexander C.
Published: June 2024

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a global public health problem. Conceptual frameworks suggest misperceived norms around IPV might drive perpetration of violence against women in southern and eastern Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of all men residing in a rural parish in southwest Uganda, eliciting their endorsement of IPV in five hypothetical scenarios and their reported frequency of perpetration of violence against their wife/main partner. They also reported their perceptions about the extent to which most other men in their villages endorsed and/or perpetrated IPV, which we compared against the population data to measure the primary explanatory variable of interest: whether individuals misperceived norms around IPV. We fitted multivariable Poisson regression models specifying personal IPV endorsement and IPV perpetration as the outcomes. Overall, 765 men participated in the study (90% response rate): 182 (24%) personally endorsed IPV, and 78 of 456 partnered men (17%) reported perpetrating one or more acts of IPV at least once per month. Although most men neither endorsed nor reported perpetrating IPV, 342 (45%) men mistakenly thought that most other men in their villages endorsed IPV and 365 (48%) men mistakenly thought that most other men perpetrate IPV at least monthly. In multivariable regression models, men who misperceived most men to endorse IPV were more likely to endorse IPV themselves (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.44; 95% CI [1.66, 3.59]; p < .001). Among partnered men, those who misperceived IPV perpetration to be normative were more likely to perpetrate IPV themselves (aRR = 4.38; [2.53, 7.59]; p < .001). Interventions to correct misperceived norms about IPV may be a promising method for reducing violence against women in rural Uganda.
Associations of Early-Life Deprivation and Threat with Exploratory Behavior: Moderated Mediation Models of Sensation Seeking and Executive Function
Authors: Shen Xi , Zhou Xinqi , Guo Yuanyuan , Wang Jin-Liang
Published: June 2024

Exploratory behavior, as a crucial aspect of decision-making, plays an indispensable role in maximizing long-term benefits and is, therefore, essential in promoting adolescents’ psychological well-being and social adaptation. Recent studies have shown that this adaptive behavior is influenced by previous early experiences. However, little was known about the associations between specific types of childhood maltreatment and exploratory behavior and the roles of individual motivational and cognitive factors in these relationships. The present study aimed to examine whether the subtypes of maltreatment, that is, threat and deprivation, would influence adolescents’ exploratory behavior, the mediating role of sensation seeking, and the moderating role of executive function. Using a sample of 720 Chinese adolescents ( Mage = 13.29, SDage = 0.82, 54.8% female), we found that sensation seeking fully mediated the relationship between threat and exploratory behavior. That is, adolescents who experienced threat were more likely to increase sensation seeking, which further promote exploratory activities. Moreover, executive function was a second-stage moderator of this full mediation pathway, with the mediating effect of sensation seeking between threat and exploratory behavior increasing with the enhancement of executive function. However, we did not observe the mediating effect of sensation seeking and the second-stage moderating effect of executive function on the relationship between deprivation and exploration. Considering the distinct impact mechanisms of threat and deprivation on exploratory behavior, our study provides empirical support for the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, and highlights the critical role of sensation seeking and the necessity of implementing executive function interventions for those experiencing threat experiences.
On Limited Force: Prudence Below the Threshold of War
Authors: Reed Esther D.
Published: June 2024

This article asks how military ethics should respond to adversaries deliberately conducting hostilities below the threshold of war. Three options are considered: a novel, limited force paradigm; an expanded hostilities paradigm, i.e., within the law of armed conflict; and an international law enforcement paradigm derived primarily from human rights law. None is problem-free. Mindful of under-deployed classic just war reasoning arguments for discrimination between vices opposed to peace, this article argues against an expanded hostilities paradigm and shows that the retributive, ‘equilibrium of justice’ test used sometimes to support such an expansion is necessary but not sufficient. It explains the need for further examination of whether/how Aquinas and his interpreters can/should conceive of actions under the paradigm of war occurring against non-state actors.
Ethical challenges in residential care facilities during COVID-19: Leaders’ perspective
Authors: Karlsson Anna-Carin , Edberg Anna-Karin , Sundström Malin , Backman Annica
Published: June 2024

Background

Person-centred care is based on ethical principles, and it is regarded as high-quality care. Care of older persons should embrace person-centredness. During the pandemic, older persons were highlighted as a vulnerable group at risk of developing serious illness and/or suffering death from COVID-19. Several pandemic-related measures were introduced in residential care facilities (RCFs) to reduce this risk, which influenced the possibilities to lead and provide a person-centred care.

Aim

This study’s aim was to explore ethical challenges in relation to person-centredness during the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of leaders in RCFs.

Research design

The study had a qualitative descriptive design.

Participants and research context

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 26 leaders working in RCFs in Sweden. Data were analysed using conventional content analysis.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority. The participants received oral and written information about the study and gave written consent. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Findings

The overarching ethical challenge was Having to disregard the individual needs of the person in order to protect the group and society. This included (a) Protecting the group versus promoting the older person’s autonomy; (b) Being forced to lead care based on uncertainty instead of evidence; (c) Striving to provide dignified care but lacking opportunities; and (d) Going far beyond ordinary duty and endangering one’s own and the staff’s health.

Discussion

The ethical challenges meant being torn between the person’s individual needs and protecting the group and society, with clashing ethical principles as a consequence.

Conclusions

The leaders faced ethical situations resulting in undignified and compromised person-centred care, which has implications for stakeholders and management who need to address the work conditions in RCFs.
Amlodipine Attenuates Carrageenan-induced Oxidative Stress Targeting Transsynaptic  Neuronal Damage by Promoting Survival of  Retinal Ganglion Cells in Adult Zebrafish  (Danio rerio)
Authors: Nanda Ashirbad , Aparna Sai , Sahoo Rudra Narayan , Patri Manorama
Published: June 2024

Background

Transsynaptic degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) likely plays a role in progressive loss of vision in glaucoma. Carrageenan (Carr), obtained from seaweed (Rhodophyceae), a sulphated polysaccharide extracted from a species of red algae ( Chondrus crispus), is a reversible gel mostly used in eye-drop preparation due to its hydrocolloid nature. But Carr-induced inflammation causing oxidative stress in animals has not yet been evaluated. It was reported that amlodipine (AML) can inhibit inflammatory cytokines by lowering intracellular calcium concentration and increasing antioxidant defences.

Purpose

In this study, we examined the impact of AML administration on Carr-induced oxidative stress, causing free radial–mediated neurodegeneration and behavioural alteration in zebrafish.

Methods

We aimed to evaluate the behavioural alteration in zebrafish using the novel tank diving test (NTDT) and the light-dark preference test (LDPT) as invaluable tools for analysing visual functions. To understand the role of the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress biomarkers such as lipid peroxidation and CAT activity were analysed. RGCs of the retina of the eye and neurons of the optical tectum (TeO) in the brain were investigated by histopathological studies.

Results

Carr-treated groups swam in random patterns and showed an increased number of transitions and spent more time in alter zones, whereas controls prefer perceived motion. AML significantly attenuates the increased lipid peroxidation level and decreased CAT activity with Carr administration. Histopathological analysis showed an increase in the percentage of pyknotic cell counts after Carr treatment, whereas AML supplementation significantly reduced the pyknotic RGC cell count in the retina and TeO of the brain.

Conclusion

Findings showed the effectiveness of AML as an antioxidant and neuroprotective agent by reducing pyckonsis in developmental RGCs and possible repair mechanisms against Carr-induced oxidative stress. This study may be useful to know the underlying mechanisms of weakening and eliminating central neurons for synaptic connections in the visual system of zebrafish.
Prevalence and Factors Associated With Frailty Among Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older Adults in Malaysia
Authors: Hidzir Hiziani , Hairi Noran Naqiah , Kamaruzzaman Shahrul Bahyah , Awang Halimah
Published: June 2024

Frailty is identified in middle-aged and older adults, and frail individuals are vulnerable to dependency and poor health. In this study, we analyzed nationally representative data that includes 5592 participants aged 40 years and above to determine the prevalence and factors associated with frailty among community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults in Malaysia. Using a 40-item Frailty Index, the overall prevalence of frailty and prefrailty was 19.5% and 64.1%, respectively. A total of 38.6% of older adults (≥60 years) were frail and 56.2% were prefrail. Among middle-aged adults (<60 years), the prevalence of frailty was 10.4% and that of prefrailty was 67.9%. Factors associated with frailty include older age, ethnicity, low education and income level, moderate to poor self-rated health, abdominal obesity, absence of a spouse, and previous history of falls. These findings may serve as evidence for the implementation of a frailty policy and health care planning in Malaysia.
The role of physiological testing for athlete development in sport: The elite athlete perspective
Authors: Söderström Tor , Sandlund Stefan , Westerlund Runa , Tervo Taru
Published: June 2024

One common practice in talent development environments during the investment years (age 16+) and elite sport, in general, is the use of physiological testing of the athletes’ physical determinants of performance. In this article, the regime of controlling and monitoring athletes’ bodies for elite sport production through physiological testing will be examined. To this end, we explored athletes’ experiences of what has been done and why physiological tests are carried out the way they are to understand the practice of physiological testing in relation to athlete development. The material in this study is based on interviews with adult elite sport athletes (four group interviews with eight individual athletes in three different sports, four male and four female, and individual interviews with twelve female and five male football players). Schatzki's and Reckwitz's theorizing on social practices, together with Dewey's theorizing on learning from experience, are used to explore and illuminate the practice of physiological testing and what learning is enabled and constrained within that practice. The findings show that the meaning and significance of physiological testing for athletic development relates to how the tests are followed up and talked through with the athletes. The analysis shows that there exists a form of sport-wide commonality where the same understandings, rules or ends—irrespective of which sport is concerned—govern coaches’ and athletes’ behavior regarding physiological tests. The physiological testing practice articulates action intelligibility through rules and structures which emphasizes tests as isolated quantified indicators of physical status. The use of physiological tests as a part of learning or as a means for athlete development can therefore be questioned.
Cutaneous plasmacytoma with Mott cell differentiation in a dog
Authors: Auch Cheryl L. , Michael Alyona
Published: June 2024

Cytologic evaluation of aspirate slides from a small, <1-cm, interdigital mass on a 9-y-old, spayed female Yorkshire Terrier revealed a proliferation of discrete, round cells containing few-to-many, variably sized, round, eosinophilic, cytoplasmic inclusions. The top differentials based on the cytologic findings were either a plasma cell tumor or a B-cell lymphoma with Mott cell differentiation. The unencapsulated, well-demarcated, multilobulated round-cell neoplasm was completely excised. Immunohistochemical stains were performed to further characterize the neoplasm, which had immunolabeling for multiple myeloma oncogene 1 and vimentin, but did not react with CD3, CD20, melan A, or ionized calcium–binding adapter molecule 1, nor with a Giemsa special stain. Ultrastructurally, the cytoplasmic granules had Russell body–like morphology. A solitary, cutaneous plasmacytoma with Mott cell differentiation has not been described previously in veterinary medicine, to our knowledge.
Cephalometric Pharyngeal Morphology in Adults with Unoperated Cleft Palate
Authors: Cao Congcong , Li Deren , Gong Hanwen , Zheng Qian , Xu Chao , Shi Bing
Published: June 2024

Objective

The aim of this study was to cephalometrically evaluate the pharyngeal morphology in adults with unoperated Submucous Cleft Palate (SMCP), adults with unoperated Overt Cleft Palate (OCP), and adults without clefts.

Design

This study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design. Lateral cephalometric radiography was performed on three groups of adults: 1) 29 with unrepaired SMCP; 2) 41 with unrepaired OCP; and 3) 39 without clefts, who served as controls. One-way ANOVA and rank-sum tests were used for intergroup comparisons. P value was set at .05.

Results

The soft palate length and the ratio of soft palate length to pharyngeal depth were significantly lower in subjects with unoperated SMCP and OCP than in non-cleft controls. Significant differences were also observed in pharyngeal depth, nasopharyngeal depth, and posterior pharyngeal wall thickness between subjects with unoperated OCP and non-cleft controls.

Conclusions

Pharyngeal morphology differs significantly between individuals with and without clefts, particularly in soft palate length and the ratio of soft palate length to pharyngeal depth.
Fibroepithelial Neoplasm with Hybrid Features of Benign Phyllodes Tumor, Juvenile Papillomatosis, and Juvenile Fibroadenoma: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Bella Lingjia , Mehrotra Meenakshi , Kowtha Lakshmi , Guan Michelle , Houldsworth Jane , Baskovich Brett , Harigopal Malini
Published: June 2024

Phyllodes tumor is an uncommon breast fibroepithelial neoplasm mainly found in middle-aged patients, presenting a morphologic continuum from benign to malignant. Juvenile papillomatosis represents a rare benign proliferative breast tumor primarily affecting young individuals and carries a potential elevated risk of subsequent breast cancer development. Juvenile fibroadenoma is a well-circumscribed biphasic neoplasm that often occurs in adolescent girls, characterized by a pericanalicular growth pattern with usual-type epithelial hyperplasia and gynaecomastia-like micropapillary proliferation. Herein, we present an unusual example of a 26-year-old woman with a left breast outer lower quadrant palpable mass. Ultrasonography identified a 5.9 cm lobulated hypoechoic solid mass with scattered small cysts. The preoperative biopsy initially diagnosed a fibroepithelial lesion, considering giant cellular fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumor in the differential. Subsequent complete excision revealed areas of benign phyllodes tumor features closely admixed with distinctive elements such as prominent multiple cysts exhibiting apocrine and papillary apocrine metaplasia, duct papillomatosis, and duct stasis characteristic of juvenile papillomatosis, and hyperplastic ductal epithelium with micropapillary projections demonstrating a pericanalicular growth pattern indicative of juvenile fibroadenoma. The diagnosis was conclusively established as a fibroepithelial lesion with combined features of benign phyllodes tumor, juvenile papillomatosis, and juvenile fibroadenoma. Further investigation uncovered a family history of breast cancer. Molecular analysis revealed a pattern of unique and overlapping mutations within these distinct histopathological areas. This unusual presentation with hybrid features within a single tumor is described for the first time in the literature along with the molecular signature of the individual components.