bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing Methods
Authors: Geisinger Kurt F.
Published: January 2010

The development of testing in psychology is undoubtedly one of the greatest contributions that psychology has accomplished as a discipline. Psychology has evolved as one of the most useful disciplines in a large variety of institutions in our society (clinical and counseling settings, industry, medicine, and the schools) primarily because of its model of diagnosis and treatment (Anastasi, 1979), according to which treatments are applied largely on the basis of assessments made about the current functioning of an individual, a group, or an organization. Assessments of many different kinds can be made, and it is probably safe to report that, if one can imagine every possible human characteristic, behavior, thought pattern, or tendency, some psychologist has attempted to measure it.
Thailand, Psychology in
Authors: Tapanya Sombat
Published: January 2010

The study of the mind in Thailand may be assumed to have begun with the arrival of Buddhism around the time of the establishment of Siam (former name of Thailand) as a country more than 700 years ago. Any Buddhist with reasonable knowledge would be eager to attest that a large part of the Buddha's teachings deal with the nature and function of the mind. Not until the latter part of the last century did modern psychology begin to establish its presence among Thai scholars, mainly through a Western education system that was adopted to replace the traditional apprentice mode of education in monasteries and households of masters of different art forms. Teachers colleges were established in various major provinces to produce teachers, and schools with regular classrooms were set up throughout the country. At the beginning, it was deemed imperative for teachers to learn the basics of psychology, especially developmental psychology. Senior scholars from teachers colleges, especially in Bangkok, began to produce psychology texts in the context of education. Almost all psychology texts to date, however, are compilations from translated texts, mainly from the United States and to a lesser degree from other Western countries. This may have been the result of the lack of basic research in psychology in Thailand.
Theoretical Constructs
Authors: Marx Melvin H.
Published: January 2010

It is relatively easy to name directly observable behaviors like eating and running. Understanding what accounts for these behaviors is a much more difficult task. When the relevant antecedent conditions are known, such as the presentation of a noxious stimulus (for running) or the presentation of food after it has been withheld (for eating), researchers can begin to understand such behaviors. But there is more to the problem than simply identifying antecedent conditions. Attributing overt behaviors to presumed covert intraorganismic functions, such as fear and hunger, requires the naming of those functions. Such naming is essentially the problem of theoretical constructs.
Thurstone Scaling
Authors: Sauser William I.
Published: January 2010

Thurstone scaling, also known as the method of equal‐appearing intervals, is a technique devised by Louis L. Thurstone (1928) for constructing quantitative unidimensional attitude measurement instruments. It is an improvement over earlier scaling methods in that it results in an interval scale, rather than a nominal or ordinal scale, and thus it yields results that can be analyzed by using parametric statistics. Thurstone scaling is a time‐consuming and cumbersome methodology that has largely been supplanted in popularity by newer psychometric techniques for measuring attitudes, such as Likert scaling, Bogardus scaling, the Osgood semantic differential, and the Rasch model. Nonetheless, Thurstone scaling is still in use as an attitude‐scaling technique, and it is a major step in the development of behaviorally anchored rating scales, mixed standard rating scales, and weighted checklists for measuring work performance.
Tourette's Disorder
Authors: Piacentini John , Bennett Shannon
Published: January 2010

Tourette's Disorder (TD), also known as Tourette syndrome, is characterized in the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM‐IV‐TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) by the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more vocal tics beginning prior to age 18 and continuing for at least one year or longer. Although the motor and vocal tics do not need to occur concurrently, the tics need to occur several times a day or more nearly every day or intermittently with no tic‐free interval of more than 3 months for the diagnosis to be given. Motor tics are defined as sudden, rapid, repetitive, stereotyped muscle movements, and vocal tics are similarly rapid and spontaneous vocalizations or repetitive sounds. Motor and vocal tics can be further categorized as simple or complex. Simple motor tics are brief, seemingly insignificant movements involving one muscle location, for example a hard eye blink, shoulder shrug, head tilt, nose twitch, and/or facial grimace. Simple vocal tics are monosyllabic, usually meaningless sounds, such as grunting, throat clearing, sniffing, and/or coughing. Complex tics are longer in duration, can be mistaken as voluntary and purposeful, and involve the coordination of multiple muscle groups, for example spinning, jumping, bending, kicking, touching self or objects, and facial or hand gestures. Complex vocal tics include interpretable noises, such as barking, shouting, or chirping, as well as vocalizations, such as words, phrases, repetition of self (palilalia) or others (echolalia). Coprolalia (e.g., profane language), often thought to be a defining symptom of TD, is quite rare, occurring in only about 10% of cases.
Transcendental Meditation
Authors: Nystul Michael S.
Published: January 2010

Various types of meditation have been practiced for over 2,500 years. Many Eastern cultures have included forms of meditation as an important part of their religious and spiritual enrichment (e.g., Zen Yoga). More recently, the West has taken an interest in the practice of Transcendental Meditation (TM) as taught by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. According to Chandler, Alexander, and Heaton (2005), TM results in a unique state of consciousness referred to as Transcendental Consciousness (consciousness not associated with thoughts or perceptions; a state of wakefulness; pure consciousness; aware of its unbounded potential). During meditation, the mind transcends the subtlest thoughts resulting in deep physiological rest.
Transference
Authors: Joyce Anthony S.
Published: January 2010

The term
transference
describes a process of displacing or transferring thoughts and feelings originally directed toward significant others from childhood onto a person currently present in the individual's life (Goldstein & Goldberg, 2006, p. 37). Transference thus represents a process of experiencing toward a person in the present patterns of feeling and behavior, and defenses against these patterns, that had their origin in the past. This reliving is held to occur outside the individual's awareness; that is, the expectations and feelings being displaced or projected onto the current other person arise from an unconscious source.
Transsexualism
Authors: Cohen‐Kettenis P. T.
Published: January 2010

The termtranssexualhas existed in the professional literature since the early 1920s (Hirschfeld, 1923). In the psychiatric classification system of the currentDiagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders(American Psychiatric Association, 2000), the term transsexualism was replaced by gender identity disorder (GID). This term is used for individuals who show a strong and persistent cross‐gender identification and a persistent discomfort with their anatomical sex, as manifested by a preoccupation with getting rid of their sex characteristics or the belief that they were born in the wrong sex. Some individuals, however, have no desire to live completely and permanently in the opposite gender role and have no desire for a complete sex reassignment. The termtransgenderhas become an umbrella term for those who show a diversity of gender‐variant behaviors and may have cross‐gender feelings in different intensities.
Trauma Symptom Inventory
Authors: Briere John , Hedges Monica
Published: January 2010

The Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI; Briere, 1995) is the most commonly used self‐report measure of posttraumatic symptomatology in adults, as rated by professionals specializing in the study and treatment of trauma‐related impacts (Elhai, Gray, Kashdan, & Franklin, 2005). This normed and standardized test is commonly used to assess a range of trauma‐related symptoms, including those arising from sexual and physical assault, spousal abuse, combat, war exposure, major accidents, natural disasters, and a history of childhood abuse. Individuals with histories of especially severe, chronic, or multiple traumatic exposures and/or early trauma, particularly those of an interpersonal nature, often report relatively intense symptomatology that may or may not include symptom clusters described by a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), that is, flashbacks, numbing, avoidance behaviors, and autonomic hyperarousal. These more complex presentations are associated with a variety of symptoms and behaviors, including dissociation, identity disturbance, self‐injury, interpersonal problems, aggression, and sexually dysfunctional behaviors (Briere & Spinazzola, 2005). The TSI was developed to address this wide range of trauma‐related impacts.
Trichotillomania
Authors: Walther Michael R. , Woods Douglas W.
Published: January 2010

Trichotillomania (TTM), or recurrent hair pulling, is classified by the
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM‐IV‐TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) as an impulse‐control disorder that is characterized by (1) recurrent pulling out of one's hair, resulting in noticeable hair loss; (2) an increasing sense of tension immediately before pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior; (3) pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair; (4) the disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due to a general medical condition (e.g., a dermatological condition); and (5) the disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (p. 677).
Twin Studies
Authors: Rhee Soo Hyun
Published: January 2010

Twin studies examine the etiology of a trait by taking advantage of the fact that monozygotic (MZ) twin pairs share 100% of their genes, whereas dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs share 50% of their genes on average. By using this information and comparing the correlations of the trait in MZ and DZ twin pairs, the magnitude of three types of influences on the trait are estimated. Heritability (h
2
), or the magnitude of additive genetic influences, is the amount of individual differences (i.e., variance) in the liability for the trait that is due to genetic differences among individuals; c
2
is the magnitude of shared environmental influences, or the amount of variance in the liability for the trait that is due to environmental influences that family members experience in common and make them similar to one another; and e
2
is the magnitude of nonshared environmental influences, or the amount of variance in the liability for the trait that is due to environmental influences that family members experience uniquely and what makes them different from one another. It is the remainder of variance not attributed to the other factors and includes measurement error.
Unstructured Clinical Interviews
Authors: Ilardi Stephen S. , Stroupe Natalie , Branstetter Ann D.
Published: January 2010

The clinical interview has long been regarded as a foundational element of psychiatric and clinical psychological practice (Sullivan, 1954; Wiens, 1976). The interview format affords clinicians a direct opportunity to solicit from clients salient, firsthand information regarding their presenting problems and the exigencies thereof—assessment information that typically proves germane to the ongoing process of case conceptualization (e.g., diagnosis) and the formulation of appropriate intervention strategies (Scheiber, 1994). In addition, under many circumstances, the clinical interview involves the interviewer in the process not only of assessment but also of implementing de facto interventions, that is, acting as an agent of salubrious clinical change during the interview itself.
Visual Impairment
Authors: Wahl Hans‐Werner , Oswald Frank
Published: January 2010

Among the most important functions that normally rely on visual capacity are orientation in space as well as the recognition and coordination of behavioral options to be executed in the environment. In humans, cultural techniques such as reading also depend heavily on visual capacity. Vision can also be regarded as a typical environment‐related capability; that is, vision is essential for the transaction between the person and his or her environment, especially the physical environment. In contrast, hearing is more concerned with communication (i.e., the social environment).
V
ygotsky,
L
ev
S
emenovich (1869–1934)
Authors: Staff
Published: January 2010

Lev S. Vygotsky graduated from Moscow State University with a law degree in 1917, and he finished his dissertation,
The Psychology of Art
, in 1925. Vygotsky set up a teaching lab at Gomel Teacher's College, where he continued his psychological research and gave lectures. In 1924 he gave a lecture on methods of reflexological and psychological investigations at the Second All‐Russian Psychological Congress in Leningrad. Based on this lecture and their interactions, Luria and Kornilov offered him a position restructuring the Psychological Institute of Moscow, where he remained for the rest of his career.
W
eber's Law
Authors: Robinson George H.
Published: January 2010

Ernst Heinrich Weber (1795–1878), professor of anatomy (1821–1871) and physiology (1840–1866) at the University of Leipzig, on the basis of experiments with stimuli of pressure, lifted weights, and visual distance (line lengths), along with reported observations of others, concluded that, rather than perceiving simply the difference between stimuli being compared, we perceive the ratio of the difference to the magnitude of the stimuli. A similar finding had already been made by the French physicist and mathematician Pierre Bouguer (1698–1758) for visual brightness. Gustav T. Fechner (1801–1887), formerly a student of Weber's and later also a professor at the University of Leipzig, translated this conclusion into the familiar mathematical form used today. Thus Weber's law is usually given as either Δ
I/I = k
or Δ
I = kI,
where Δ
I
is the change required for a just noticeable difference in stimulation (JND),
I
is the stimulus magnitude, and
k
is a constant for the particular sense. The value of
k
is termed the Weber ratio. The equation Δ
I = kI
shows more clearly the proportional change in stimulation required for a JND. If, for example, the stimulus magnitude is doubled, the amount of change required for a JND is also doubled.
W
echsler,
D
avid (1896–1981)
Authors: Staff
Published: January 2010

David Wechsler is one of the founders of modern clinical psychology and the author of one of the most widely used tests for assessing individual intelligence.
W
oodworth,
R
obert
S
essions (1869–1962)
Authors: Lundin Ralph W.
Published: January 2010

An American psychologist, Robert Sessions Woodworth received his AB from Amherst College and his MA from Harvard University, where he studied under William James. He received his PhD from Columbia University in 1899. Most of his academic career was spent at Columbia. He was well known for his introductory text
Psychology
, first published in 1921, which went through five editions. His
Experimental Psychology
, first published in 1939, was a major handbook of research in that area. This handbook was later revised in collaboration with Harold Schlosberg in 1954. Woodworth presented a systematic position in psychology in his book
Dynamic Psychology
, published in 1918 and later revised as the
Dynamics of Behavior
in 1958.
Y
erkes,
R
obert
M
earns (1876–1959)
Authors: Haynie N. A.
Published: January 2010

Robert Mearns Yerkes studied at Harvard University and received a doctorate in psychology in 1902. He held positions at Harvard and the University of Minnesota before he settled at Yale University in 1924, where he remained for 20 years. Yerkes and E. L. Thorndike were pioneers in the experimental study of animal behavior, following the traditions of C. Lloyd Morgan and George Romanes, the founders of comparative psychology.
Society for the Psychological Study of Ethnic Minority Issues
Authors: Boyd Barbara
Published: January 2010

The Society for the Psychology Study of Ethnic Minority Issues, which is Division 45 of the American Psychological Association, (APA), is the major representative body for psychologists who conduct research on ethnic minority concerns or who apply psychological knowledge and techniques to ethnic minority issues. The Division's purpose is to advance psychology as a science and to promote public welfare through research, to apply research findings towards addressing ethnic minority issues, and to encourage professional relationships among psychologists with these interests. It also represents ethnic minority concerns within the governance of the APA. Division 45 serves as a means to promote the development of knowledge and understanding of ethnic minority psychology, the application of psychological principles specific to ethnic minorities, consideration of how social concerns impact ethnic minority populations, and incorporation of the importance of diversity in society.
Society for Psychotherapy Research
Authors: Evans Chris
Published: January 2010

The constitution of the Society for Psychotherapy Research (SPR) states that states that “The Society is an international, multidisciplinary scientific association devoted to research on psychotherapy.” The aims of the Society are (1) to encourage the development of scientific research on psychotherapy; (2) to foster the communication, understanding, and use of research findings; (3) to enhance the scientific and social value of psychotherapy research; and (4) to contribute, through research, to enhancing the effectiveness of psychotherapies.
Brain Stem
Authors: Freeman Carolyn R.
Published: January 2010

The brain stem, which consists of the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata, connects the cerebrum above to the spinal cord below. It is a highly organized structure that, in addition to conveying ascending and descending tracts, contains the nuclei of the cranial nerves III to XII and is responsible for a number of complex functions, including control of respiratory and cardiovascular activity and regulation of the level of consciousness.
C
homsky,
A
.
N
oam (1928– )
Authors: Staff
Published: January 2010

A. Noam Chomsky is a controversial figure in psycholinguistics and probably the foremost theorist in the field. For his achievements, he has received numerous honorary doctorates. Chomsky was educated at the University of Pennsylvania, where he received the BA, MA, and PhD (1955) degrees. From the time he received his PhD he has been on the faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, although he has offered courses and lectured throughout the world, including Oxford and Berkeley Universities.
Music Therapy
Authors: Standley Jayne M.
Published: January 2010

Music therapy (MT) is an evidence‐based behavioral science that elicits beneficial change in an individual or group through unique music techniques. Music therapy treatment uses psychological principles within a standard therapeutic paradigm: identification of a specific problem, assessment, development of a treatment plan incorporating research‐based techniques, and evaluation of observable and measurable outcomes. Matching the music stimuli to the music preference of the client is a critical component. Over 83% of music therapists use a behavioral approach to therapy (Silverman, 2007), while a small number utilize psychoanalytic or interpretive techniques (Darrow, 2004). This article focuses on the cognitive‐behavioral approaches.
Kinetic model for noncatalytic supercritical water gasification of cellulose and lignin
Authors: Resende Fernando L. P. , Savage Phillip E.
Published: January 2010

This article reports the first kinetics model for Supercritical Water Gasification (SCWG) that describes the formation and interconversion of individual gaseous species. The model comprises 11 reactions, and it uses a lumping scheme to handle the large number of intermediate compounds. We determined numerical values for the rate constants in the model by fitting it to experimental data previously reported for SCWG of cellulose and lignin. We validated the model by showing that it accurately predicts gas yields at biomass loadings and water densities not used in the parameter estimation. Sensitivity analysis and reaction rate analysis indicate that steam‐reforming and water–gas shift are the main sources of H2 in SCWG, and intermediate species are the main sources of CO, CO2, and CH4. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
X chromosome inactivation does not define the development of premature ovarian failure in fragile X premutation carriers
Authors: Spath Marian A. , Nillesen Willy N. , Smits Arie P.T. , Feuth Ton B. , Braat Didi D.M. , van Kessel Ad Geurts , Yntema Helger G.
Published: January 2010

Since only 20% of female fragile X premutation carriers develop premature ovarian failure (POF, i.e., amenorrhea before age of 40 years), and since X chromosome inactivation (XCI) determines the phenotypic severity of full mutation women, we reasoned that the development of POF in fragile X premutation carriers could be due to skewed XCI (XCI ratio >80:20). To determine inactivation ratios and activities of the premutations, inactivation patterns were assessed in peripheral blood samples from 101 fragile X premutation carriers (mean age 47.1 years, range 12–72) through analysis of the AR and FMR1 loci, respectively. In addition, AR inactivation patterns were assessed in peripheral blood samples from 25 women with idiopathic POF (mean age 31.7 years, range 19–48). We addressed the association between age and skewed XCI because older women are prone to XCI skewness. The median XCI ratios were 68% for premutation carriers with POF (N = 37), 67% for premutation carriers without POF (N = 64) and 61% for women with idiopathic POF (N = 25). The incidence of skewing was similar in all groups, that is, 7 of 37 (18.9%) in premutation carriers with POF, 11 of 64 (17.2%) in premutation carriers without POF, and 3 of 25 (12%) in women with idiopathic POF. There was good concordance between inactivation ratios at the two loci tested in 62 premutation carriers (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.86; P < 0.01). No age‐specific skewing was observed. Skewed XCI and activity of the premutation are not associated with POF in fragile X premutation carriers. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal constraint as a potential risk factor for craniosynostosis
Authors: Sanchez‐Lara Pedro A. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Graham John M. , Lammer Edward J. , Shaw Gary M. , Ma Chen , Rasmussen Sonja A.
Published: January 2010

Non‐syndromic craniosynostosis is multifactorial, and fetal head constraint has been hypothesized as one factor thought to play a role. Data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), a large multi‐site case–control study of birth defects, were used to evaluate associations between four selected factors related to fetal constraint and craniosynostosis: plurality (twins or higher), macrosomia (birth weight >4,000 g), post‐term gestational age (≥42 weeks), and nulliparity (no previous live births). Case infants (n = 675) had craniosynostosis documented either by radiographic evidence or by surgical intervention. Infants with a recognized or strongly suspected single‐gene conditions or chromosomal abnormalities were excluded. Control infants (n = 5,958) had no major birth defects and were randomly selected from the same population as case infants. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for the association between these four factors and craniosynostosis, while adjusting for several covariates. We found that plurality and nulliparity were associated with a twofold increased risk for metopic craniosynostosis, and macrosomia had almost twice the risk of developing coronal craniosynostosis. Contrary to our hypothesis, prematurity and low birth weight were also associated with craniosynostosis. In conclusion, these four constraint‐related factors were not found to be associated with craniosynostosis when all suture types were combined, though some types of craniosynostosis were associated with individual constraint‐related factors. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review and hypothesis: Syndromes with severe intrauterine growth restriction and very short stature—Are they related to the epigenetic mechanism(s) of fetal survival involved in the developmental origins of adult health and disease?
Authors: Hall Judith G.
Published: January 2010

Diagnosing the specific type of severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) that also has post‐birth growth restriction is often difficult. Eight relatively common syndromes are discussed identifying their unique distinguishing features, overlapping features, and those features common to all eight syndromes. Many of these signs take a few years to develop and the lifetime natural history of the disorders has not yet been completely clarified. The theory behind developmental origins of adult health and disease suggests that there are mammalian epigenetic fetal survival mechanisms that downregulate fetal growth, both in order for the fetus to survive until birth and to prepare it for a restricted extra‐uterine environment, and that these mechanisms have long lasting effects on the adult health of the individual. Silver–Russell syndrome phenotype has recently been recognized to be related to imprinting/methylation defects. Perhaps all eight syndromes, including those with single gene mutation origin, involve the mammalian mechanism(s) of fetal survival downsizing. Insights into those mechanisms should provide avenues to understanding the natural history, the heterogeneity and possible therapy not only for these eight syndromes, but for the common adult diseases with which IUGR is associated. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation of planar‐chiral multidonor phosphanylferrocene carboxamides and their application as ligands for palladium‐catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation
Authors: Lamač Martin , Tauchman Jiří , Dietrich Sascha , Císařová Ivana , Lang Heinrich , Štěpnička Petr
Published: January 2010

Amide coupling of (Sp)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene‐1‐carboxylic acid with appropriate terminal amines mediated by 1‐hydroxybenzotriazole and a carbodiimide affords multi‐donor amides terminally functionalized with planar‐chiral (Sp)‐2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocen‐1‐yl moieties in good to excellent yields. Palladium catalysts based on these ligands efficiently promote asymmetric allylic alkylation of 1,3‐diphenylallyl acetate with in situ generated dimethyl malonate anion to give the C‐alkylated product with ees up to 93% at room temperature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In‐vitro antimicrobial, thermal and spectral studies of mixed ligand Cu(II) heterochelates of clioquinol and coumarin derivatives
Authors: Kharadi G. J. , Patel K. D.
Published: January 2010

The mixed‐ligand heterochelates of Cu(II) with 5‐chloro‐7‐iodo‐8‐hydroxyquinoline (clioquinol) and various uninegative bidentate ligands were prepared. The structure of mixed‐ligand heterochelates was investigated using spectral, physicochemical, elemental analysis and thermal studies. The FAB‐mass spectrum of [Cu(A2)(CQ)(H2O)2].2H2O has been carried out. Magnetic moment and reflectance spectral studies reveal that an octahedral geometry has been assigned to all the prepared heterochelates. The kinetic parameters such as order of reaction (n), the energy of activation (Ea), the pre‐exponential factor (A), the activation entropy (ΔS#), the activation enthalpy (ΔH#) and the free energy of activation (ΔG#) have been reported. The ligands, metal salts, heterochelates, control and standard drug were tested for their in‐vitro antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens and Bacillus substilis. The metal complexes exhibit good activity against bacterial strains compared with parental compounds, and moderate compared with the standard drug (clioquinol). Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some considerations in the thyristors' reactive effects on the power supply
Authors: Jakubowicz Andrew
Published: January 2010

Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) drives have become a standard technique for transit systems. Their utilization meets the most demanding specifications and results in an effective decrease in power consumption which translates in decreased costs for energy. The regenerative DC power may be inverted to 3‐phase AC power and returned to the line as usable power. However, regenerative capability is at a cost penalty.
Liver resection of colorectal metastases in elderly patients
Authors: Adam R , Frilling A , Elias D , Laurent C , Ramos E , Capussotti L , Poston G J , Wicherts D A , de Haas R J
Published: January 2010

Background

This study evaluated the outcome of liver surgery for colorectal metastases (CLM) in patients over 70 years old in a large international multicentre cohort.

Methods

Among 7764 patients who had resection of CLM, 999 (12·9 per cent) were aged 70–75 years, 468 (6·0 per cent) were aged 75–80 years and 157 (2·0 per cent) were at least 80 years old. Elderly patients were compared with the younger population.

Results

Multinodular and bilateral metastases were less common in elderly than in younger patients (P < 0·001). Preoperative chemotherapy was used less frequently and more limited surgery was performed (P < 0·001). Sixty-day postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 3·8 and 32·3 per cent respectively, compared with 1·6 and 28·7 per cent in younger patients (both P < 0·001). Three-year overall survival was 57·1 per cent in elderly and 60·2 per cent in younger patients (P < 0·001), and was similar among patients aged 70–75, 75–80 or at least 80 years (57·8, 55·3 and 54·1 per cent respectively; P = 0·160). Independent predictors of survival were more than three metastases, bilateral metastases, concomitant extrahepatic disease and no postoperative chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Liver resection for CLM in elderly patients can achieve a reasonable 3-year survival rate, with an acceptable morbidity rate. There should be no upper age limit but risk factors may help predict potential benefit.
Researching the reintegration of formerly abducted children in northern Uganda through action research: Experiences and reflections
Authors: Angucia Margaret , Zeelen Jacques , de Jong Gideon
Published: January 2010

This paper presents experiences and reflections on the use of a participatory research methodology under the difficult conditions of a war situation in northern Uganda. We draw from two complimentary approaches in action research to explain our methodology while doing research on the reintegration of formerly abducted children. First, the experience oriented approach, which emphasizes the need to articulate experience as a basis for learning and knowledge. Second, the exemplary participatory approach which highlights the importance of enhancing empowerment and the need to find solutions for social problems. We find these two approaches useful for doing action research in a conflict area because of their emphasis on experience and empowerment respectively. In our research, experience is important because of the children's encounter with the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) rebels that both needs to be understood and justifies reintegration. On the otherhand, empowerment is important for our assumption that the children's experience and encounter with the LRA has disempowering effects on them. We demonstrate the use of the approaches in our research by enhancing participation, balancing power relations and being aware of ethical issues while at the same time attempting to make the research valid inspite of the challenges. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A MAS NMR Study of the Bacterial ABC Transporter ArtMP
Authors: Lange Vivien , Becker‐Baldus Johanna , Kunert Britta , van Rossum Barth‐Jan , Casagrande Fabio , Engel Andreas , Roske Yvette , Scheffel Frank M. , Schneider Erwin , Oschkinat Hartmut
Published: January 2010

ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transport systems facilitate the translocation of substances, like amino acids, across cell membranes energised by ATP hydrolysis. This work describes first structural studies on the ABC transporter ArtMP from Geobacillus stearothermophilus in native lipid environment by magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy. The 2D crystals of ArtMP and 3D crystals of isolated ArtP were prepared in different nucleotide‐bound or ‐unbound states. From selectively 13C,15N‐labelled ArtP, several sequence‐specific assignments were obtained, most of which could be transferred to spectra of ArtMP. Residues Tyr133 and Pro134 protrude directly into the ATP‐binding pocket at the interface of the ArtP subunits, and hence, are sensitive monitors for structural changes during nucleotide binding and hydrolysis. Distinct sets of NMR shifts were obtained for ArtP with different phosphorylation states of the ligand. Indications were found for an asymmetric or inhomogeneous state of the ArtP dimer bound with triphosphorylated nucleotides. With this investigation, a model system was established for screening all functional states occurring in one ABC transporter in native lipid environment.
Predictors for permanent pacing after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Haworth Peter , Behan Miles , Khawaja Muhammed , Hutchinson Nevil , de Belder Adam , Trivedi Uday , Laborde Jean Claude , Hildick‐Smith David
Published: January 2010

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new treatment strategy for patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis who are high risk for traditional surgical aortic valve replacement. The incidence of conduction system abnormalities after the procedure is significant. We examine our experience with CoreValve TAVI focusing on electrocardiographic changes found pre‐, peri‐, and postintervention. Methods: During 2007–08 we undertook 33 cases utilizing the CoreValve revalving system (CoreValve, Paris, France). Assessment of ECGs, with particular reference to the PR and QRS duration, was made daily during each patient's hospital stay. Results: Patients were aged 81.7 ± 6.7 years and the majority were male (57%). Baseline cardiac rhythm was sinus (n = 28, 80%); atrial fibrillation (n = 6, 18%) or ventricular paced (n = 1, 3%). Following CoreValve implantation, prolongation of both the PR interval and QRS duration was seen. Preprocedural PR interval was 193.5 ± 38.7 ms and QRS interval preprocedure was 115.3 ± 24.8 ms. PR interval increased after the procedure by 23.5 ± 23.9 ms and peaked at day 4 with a mean increase of 66.1 ± 72.7 ms. QRS duration increased by a mean of 30.6 ± 26.1 ms postprocedure and remained stable thereafter during the remaining hospital stay. The need for PPM insertion was partially predicted by pre‐procedural QRS morphology: patients with pre‐existing right bundle branch block had an 83% chance of requiring a permanent pacemaker (P < 0.01 OR 28 95%CI 2.4–326.7); those with LBBB had a 33% chance of requiring a pacemaker (P = ns OR 2.3 95%CI 0.2–34.9). Patients undergoing the procedure later in our experience showed a decreased incidence of pacing (P = 0.046 OR 0.36 95% CI 0.07–1.82). Pre‐procedural annulus measurements also predicted the requirement for pacing with larger annulus sizes more likely to require a pacemaker (P = 0.044 OR 3.3 95% CI 0.63–17.6). The requirement for pacing was not predicted by age, baseline PR interval or gender. Requirement for pacing overall was 32% with an additional 13% having had a pacemaker inserted prior to the TAVI. Conclusion: CoreValve insertion was associated with an increase in PR interval and QRS duration. PR interval continued to rise during admission, peaking on Day 4 post procedure, making a prolonged period of monitoring highly desirable. There was a significant requirement for permanent pacing, which was predicted by pre‐procedural QRS morphology, annulus measurement, and the learning curve. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hand ischemia resulting from a transradial intervention: Successful management with radial artery angioplasty
Authors: Rhyne Diana , Mann Tift
Published: January 2010

We describe a case of hand ischemia resulting from transradial catheterization. This was successfully treated with angioplasty of the radial artery occlusion, but stresses the importance of a preprocedure evaluation of the dual blood supply to the hand before transradial access. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sugar‐Decorated Sugar Vesicles: Lectin–Carbohydrate Recognition at the Surface of Cyclodextrin Vesicles
Authors: Voskuhl Jens , Stuart Marc C. A. , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: January 2010

An artificial glycocalix self‐assembles when unilamellar bilayer vesicles of amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrins are decorated with maltose and lactose by host–guest interactions. To this end, maltose and lactose were conjugated with adamantane through a tetra(ethyleneglycol) spacer. Both carbohydrate–adamantane conjugates strongly bind to β‐cyclodextrin (Ka≈4×104 M−1). The maltose‐decorated vesicles readily agglutinate (aggregate) in the presence of the lectin concanavalin A, whereas the lactose‐decorated vesicles agglutinate in the presence of peanut agglutinin. The orthogonal multivalent interaction in the ternary system of host vesicles, guest carbohydrates, and lectins was investigated by using isothermal titration calorimetry, dynamic light scattering, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. It was shown that agglutination is reversible, and the noncovalent interaction can be suppressed and eliminated by the addition of competitive inhibitors, such as D‐glucose or β‐cyclodextrin. Also, it was shown that agglutination depends on the surface coverage of carbohydrates on the vesicles.
ChemInform Abstract: AunHgm Clusters: Mercury Aurides, Gold Amalgams, or van der Waals Aggregates?
Authors: Zaleski‐Ejgierd Patryk , Pyykkoe Pekka
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unusual Solid‐State Structure of Mercury Oxide: Relativistic Density Functional Calculations for the Group 12 Oxides ZnO, CdO, and HgO.
Authors: Biering Susan , Hermann Andreas , Furthmueller Juergen , Schwerdtfeger P.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: First‐Principles Study for Vacancy‐Induced Magnetism in Nonmagnetic Ferroelectric BaTiO3.
Authors: Cao D. , Cai M. Q. , Zheng Yue , Hu W. Y.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Thermal Analyses of Solvent‐Free Ca(AlD4)2 and CaAlD5.
Authors: Sato T. , Soerby M. H. , Ikeda K. , Sato S. , Hauback B. C. , Orimo S.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimeric Nickel(II) Containing Tungstogermanate [{β‐GeNi2W10O36(OH)2 (H2O)}2]12‐.
Authors: Nsouli Nadeen H. , Prinz Manuel , Damnik Niklas , Neumann Manfred , Talik Ewa , Kortz Ulrich
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of the Single Chalcopyrite Phase CuInS2 Compound by Vacuum Sintering Method.
Authors: Wang Zhendong , Mo Xiaoliang , Li Juan , Sun Dalin , Chen Guorong
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Polymer Composites as Robust, Non‐Covalent Supports of Metal Salts.
Authors: Ng Yeap Hung , Wang Mian , Han Hong , Chai Christina L. L.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cycloaddition of N‐Phthalimidoaziridines to Double and Triple Carbon—Carbon Bonds.
Authors: Pankova Alena S. , Voronin Vladimir V. , Kuznetsov Mikhail A.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic‐Oxazaborolidine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reaction of α,β‐Unsaturated Acetylenic Ketones.
Authors: Payette Joshua N. , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorine Containing Glycolurils and Oxazolines from Oxides of Internal Perfluoroolefins.
Authors: Saloutina Lyudmila V. , Zapevalov Aleksandr Ya. , Saloutin Victor I. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Chupakhin Oleg N.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Amines with Nitrones Derived from Chromone‐3‐carbaldehyde.
Authors: Maiti Sourav , Panja Suman Kalyan , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected Cyclization Route for o‐Ethynylbenzoic Acids Hydrazides in the Presence of Base.
Authors: Vasilevsky S. F. , Mikhailovskaya T. F.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of β‐Amino/β‐Hydroxy Selenides and Sulfides from Aziridines and Epoxides.
Authors: Ganesh Venkataraman , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Reaction Between 2‐Benzoyl‐1,4‐benzoquinones and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Chen Kuang‐Po , Lee Hen‐Qun , Cheng Yu‐Chih , Chuang Che‐Ping
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Chlorination Reactions of Perfluoroketene‐N,S‐acetals.
Authors: Mykhaylychenko Sergiy S. , Bouillon Jean‐Philippe , Shermolovich Yuriy G.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Mild Deoxygenation of Sulfoxides with MoCl5/Gallium System under Ultrasonication.
Authors: Yoo Byung Woo , Park Min Chol , Shin Jae In
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile CuI‐Catalyzed Arylation of Azoles and Amides Using Simple Enaminones as Efficient Ligands.
Authors: Cheng Cungui , Sun Gonglei , Wan Jieping , Sun Cuirong
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free DABCO‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Conversion of Tetrahydropyranyl Ethers into Acetates by the Action of Bismuth(III) Nitrate under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Asadolah K. , Heravi M. M. , Hekmatshoar R.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling Reactions of Zirconate Complexes Induced by Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Xi Chanjuan , Yan Xiaoyu , You Wei , Takahashi Tamotsu
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.