bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge‐based organizations: perspectives from San Francisco Bay area companies
Authors: Albert Michael , Picq Thierry
Published: August 2004

Recent literature discusses problems that organizations have had with the implementation of knowledge management programs and practices to support innovation. The article discusses findings from interviews with 50 human resource executives, staff, and consultants working for 20 San Francisco Bay area companies. A key finding was the importance of culture and other supportive infrastructure to successfully implement knowledge‐based programs and practices. Additional results from the interview data are summarized. A summary of Hewlett‐Packard Lab's experience with knowledge‐based change is discussed to amplify and provide perspective to the interview findings and the reviewed literature.
The role of trading partner relationships in determining innovation performance: an empirical examination
Authors: Prajogo Daniel I. , Power Damien J. , Sohal Amrik S.
Published: August 2004

This paper examines the respective roles of trading partner relationships and innovation management practices in predicting product and process related innovation performance. The empirical data were drawn from 194 Australian managers. Data analysis using structural equation modelling indicates that supplier relationships and customer relationships have less impact on product and process innovation performance than do knowledge and creativity management. However, the results also indicate that trading partner relationships have a strong and positive association with innovation management practices, meaning that organisations commonly implement both in a synchronous manner.
Futures thinking and the steep learning curves of the twenty‐first century
Authors: Buchen Irving H.
Published: August 2004

Do futurists really think differently? Does focusing on the future shape distinctive thought patterns and problem solving methodologies? Is there an inevitable futurist signature not unlike that of science fiction authors? If there is such a separate commodity as futurist thinking, are its benefits sufficiently generic and attractive enough to overcome the typical resistance to looking and thinking ahead?
Deviation as a key to innovation: understanding a culture of the future
Authors: Barber Trudy
Published: August 2004

Deviation, fetishism and sexuality are often considered as emotive subjects that tend to be treated with amusement or disdain. Associating such concepts with technological innovation often instigates a reaction more akin to that of titillation, controversy and intrigue and has sometimes been dismissed outright. However, as this paper shows, deviation, fetishism and sexuality could prove to be fundamental factors in creativity and innovation. When consumers create their own technological innovations inspired by their personal predilections, arousal and preferences, new and unanticipated uses for technologies are being born. The role of deviation as a key to innovation must not be overlooked as it will contribute to our understanding of new intimacy, culture and the future of developing information and communications technologies (ICTs). Due to the multidisciplinary approach to this subject area there is a brief explanatory glossary that accompanies this contribution.
Climate change and future options for carbon sequestration
Authors: Kobayashi Hayato
Published: August 2004

With the threat of climate change increasing, carbon sequestration could be expected to play a significant role in alleviating this problem. Unfortunately, the technology is not well understood and good literature overviews of the options in carbon sequestration are lacking. Hence, policy and research priorities are made without full understanding of the state of scientific knowledge, impacts, and policy trade‐offs. This paper contributes to the literature, providing a basic picture of the technological options for futurists and policy advisors to begin to address this need.
How scenarios support strategic early warning processes
Authors: Fink Alexander , Siebe Andreas , Kuhle Jens‐Peter
Published: August 2004

To survive and grow in an era of uncertainty, companies should strive not only for a single visionary view, which most likely corresponds with their expectations, but instead they should try to acquire multiple views that describe the whole ”window of opportunities”. The development of external market scenarios to assess current strategies is the usual way of coping with these uncertainties. Today this traditional scenario approach has to be extended in four directions: the use of market scenarios to systematically develop future‐robust strategies, the use of alternative strategy scenarios to address uncertainties within an organization, the use of scenarios as a basis for strategic early warning processes and the combination of performance measurement and strategic early warning in a scenario‐based future scorecard. In conclusion it is shown that scenarios could significantly help to bridge the gap between strategy implementation and early‐warning processes.
Connecting with RE: an approach to religious education for children with autism and/or severe and complex learning disabilities
Authors: O'brien Liz
Published: August 2004

In this article Liz O'Brien discusses the need for a distinctive approach to the religious education of children and young people with autism and/or severe and complex learning disabilities. She describes how an imaginative and creative approach, built on an underlying principle of understanding, empathy and respect in relation to the ‘culture of autism’ can lead to enriching, meaningful and enjoyable RE experiences. Through an RE and Special Needs Fellowship, awarded by the National Society for Promoting Christian Education, she was given the opportunity to assemble Connecting with RE (O'Brien, 2002), a resource for all those seeking accessible RE for children with autism and/or severe and complex learning disabilities. This article presents some of the fundamental philosophy and methodology that underpin the Connecting with RE approach.
Self‐esteem and successful interaction as part of the forest school project
Authors: Swarbrick Nick , Eastwood Glynnis , Tutton Kris
Published: August 2004

In this article Nick Swarbrick, Glynnis Eastwood and Kris Tutton highlight the importance of the outdoor environment as an educational resource, and explore the relationship between self‐esteem and successful learning through the forest school project being run in Oxfordshire. It looks at the history and practice of forest school in England, and draws on recent research to suggest ways in which ‘alternative’ or non‐traditional educational projects might be evaluated.
Thirty‐five Years Later in Development Assistance: Have We Moved On, or Just Performed a Minuet?
Authors: Roberts John
Published: August 2004

Development economists have presented the problems of development in varying and incompatible terms, and have influentially advocated contradictory policies. After twists and turns a broad consensus has emerged on pro‐poor growth objectives and on the policy and institutional means of achieving them. But a number of important questions remain unresolved or indeterminate. Development experts, economists and others, should have the humility to recognise the country specificity of much development experience and the multiplicity of valid paths to the goal of material wellbeing. They are least likely to mislead if their advice acknowledges the likely joint importance of macroeconomic stability, reasonably efficient markets, and supportive institutions.
Community Ventures and Access to Markets: The Role of Intermediaries in Marketing Rural Tourism Products
Authors: Forstner Kathrin
Published: August 2004

Many community‐based tourism ventures face marketing problems similar to those of other rural producers. They depend on intermediaries, such as private companies, membership organisations, public sector institutions and non‐governmental organisations, to facilitate market access. The article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of each type of intermediary, based on different levels of marketing support. Reflecting discussions about marketing assistance in other rural sectors, it argues that intermediary institutions have different areas of expertise and experience different constraints in terms of capacity‐building, marketing know‐how, financial resources and overall livelihood impacts. Instead of pursuing individual support strategies, it is therefore necessary to develop combined approaches of marketing assistance, depending on location, tourism resources and existing organisational structures.
The Law and the Constitution: Manifesto of the Progressive Party
Authors: Ewing K. D.
Published: August 2004

This paper analyses the argument of Jennings' path‐breaking work, The Law and the Constitution, and assesses its importance. The argument of the paper is that a basic tension runs through the evolving work: between celebrating the democratic nature of the contemporary constitution whilst expressing certain concerns about democracy's potential implications. This is a tension that Jennings was never able satisfactorily to resolve. The Law and the Constitution nevertheless remains a landmark text, especially in reminding lawyers of the need to look to the social and economic explanations for constitutional change. Although the constitution Jennings was writing about has altered, his public law method of examining the purpose for which public power is acquired before reflecting on desirable constraints remains of value today.
‘Talking in Fictions’: Jennings on Parliament
Authors: Tomkins Adam
Published: August 2004

Sir Ivor Jennings made many ground‐breaking contributions to the study of Parliament. Among them are two books written in the 1930s, while Jennings was at the peak of his powers: Parliamentary Reform in 1934,1 and Parliament in 1939.2 This essay offers an assessment of Jennings' scholarship on Parliament. It commences with some observations on his method, and this is followed by an outline of the argument in Parliament and an appraisal of the book's originality and ongoing significance. The essay closes with some brief remarks concerning Jennings' Parliamentary Reform.
Questioning Fundamentals: Leyland Daf and the ‘Ownership’ of Charged Property
Authors: Selvam Vijay S. V.
Published: August 2004

Forward Links to Citing Articles
 
 
Retraction. Modern Law Review 67: 6, 1046‐1046.

 Online publication date: 1‐Oct‐2004.

Although the House of Lords decision in Leyland Daf was primarily concerned with the order for distribution of assets in a winding‐up, it has several other far‐reaching ramifications and repercussions. The reasoning of their Lordships in the case alters our understanding of the very nature and operation of a charge over a company's assets. This reasoning strikes at the heart of the law of security interests, bringing into question the fundamental distinction between a charge and a mortgage. Furthermore the decision has given a whole new complexion to the concept of a floating charge which will have tremendous consequences for its application in commercial practice. This paper analyses the decision firstly on the basis of its legal principle and then on the basis of its policy considerations and concludes that its reasoning is neither sound nor justifiable on either ground.
A Process for Systematically Reviewing the Literature: Providing the Research Evidence for Public Health Nursing Interventions
Authors: Thomas B.H. , Ciliska D. , Dobbins M. , Micucci S.
Published: August 2004

Background: Several groups have outlined methodologies for systematic literature reviews of the effectiveness of interventions. The Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) began in 1998. Its mandate is to provide research evidence to guide and support the Ontario Ministry of Health in outlining minimum requirements for public health services in the province. Also, the project is expected to disseminate the results provincially, nationally, and internationally. Most of the reviews are relevant to public health nursing practice.

Aims: This article describes four issues related to the systematic literature reviews of the effectiveness of public health nursing interventions: (1) the process of systematically reviewing the literature, (2) the development of a quality assessment instrument, (3) the results of the EPHPP to date, and (4) some results of the dissemination strategies used.

Methods: The eight steps of the systematic review process including question formulation, searching and retrieving the literature, establishing relevance criteria, assessing studies for relevance, assessing relevant studies for methodological quality, data extraction and synthesis, writing the report, and dissemination are outlined. Also, the development and assessment of content and construct validity and intrarater reliability of the quality assessment questionnaire used in the process are described.

Results: More than 20 systematic reviews have been completed. Content validity was ascertained by the use of a number of experts to review the questionnaire during its development. Construct validity was demonstrated through comparisons with another highly rated instrument. Intrarater reliability was established using Cohen's Kappa. Dissemination strategies used appear to be effective in that professionals report being aware of the reviews and using them in program planning/policymaking decisions.

Conclusions: The EPHPP has demonstrated the ability to adapt the most current methods of systematic literature reviews of effectiveness to questions related to public health nursing. Other positive outcomes from the process include the development of a critical mass of public health researchers and practitioners who can actively participate in the process, and the work on dissemination has been successful in attracting external funds. A program of research in this area is being developed.
HIV Prevention Interventions in Adolescent Girls: What is the State of the Science?
Authors: Morrison‐Beedy Dianne , Nelson LaRon E.
Published: August 2004

Background and Purpose: Adolescent girls now represent one of the fastest growing groups of persons infected with HIV. A systematic review was undertaken to identify and critique the most scientifically rigorous HIV prevention interventions identified in the literature that focused on adolescent girls. Due to the limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adolescent girls, the search was extended to identify any NIH‐funded studies underway to provide an additional dimension to our understanding of the state of the science in this area.

Method: An extensive search of the Cochrane database of systematic reviews, PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and CRISP was undertaken. Ultimately, six completed RCTs targeted at adolescent girls and measuring behavioral outcomes were critiqued and summarized. Key strengths and limitations were identified. Four additional studies were also summarized but were not critically reviewed because of their ongoing nature.

Findings: Most intervention studies targeted at adolescent girls have been shown to affect change in HIV risk‐related behaviors to varying degrees. Most intervention studies have been conducted using predominantly racial minority samples in the United States. Clinically relevant components of successful interventions include the combination of providing information and behavioral skills training, as well as enhancing motivation to reduce risk within these interventions. Considerable diversity in study methods (e.g., intervention, measures, outcomes assessed) was noted, thus limited research evidence has been amassed to guide practice implications.

Conclusions and Implications: The state of the science for evidence‐based practice is severely restricted in the area of gender‐specific HIV prevention interventions for adolescent girls despite worldwide epidemiological trends that identify them as a high‐risk group. The critical need for full‐scale longitudinal interventions provided to both groups and individuals is evident. Studies that target various subpopulations of adolescent girls as well as those that address diverse cultures throughout the world are needed. Research in progress will provide further evidence of the efficacy of individual versus group‐based interventions.
Labor on Trial
Authors: Aronowitz Stanley
Published: August 2004

The organizing model is doomed unless unions can transform into a social movement. Such a transformation entails at least three components: union democracy–‐instilling in the rank and file a sense of ownership; decentralized union governance through giving members control over union affairs; and a radical break with business unionism–‐where the union's main function is delivering the goods for members. The labor movement must advance a broader notion of unions as class institutions whose motto is that an injury to one is an injury to all.
Organizing in the New Economy
Authors: Wilson Gretchen , Blain Mike
Published: August 2004

For many workers, particularly contingent workers or those in largely unorganized industries, a traditional union‐organizing campaign is often not viable because of the realities of their workplace, their contingent employment status, or current labor law. When contracts are not attainable in the near term but workers still want to organize, we have to be creative in finding new ways to build permanent workplace organizations.
Coming Together
Authors: Peterson Erik
Published: August 2004

Minnesota's 1999 Corporate Subsidy Accountability law provides a model example for the growing movement around corporate subsidy standards. It grew out of half a decade of activism concerning subsidy abuse and living wage campaigns. This article traces how state legislative action mixed and evolved with growing grass‐roots efforts by labor and community groups. Peterson ends by highlighting lessons for similar activism across the country.
Fair Trade and Standard Setting
Authors: John J.
Published: August 2004

Although Indian trade unionists support the notion of labor rights as human rights, they oppose efforts to incorporate into the World Trade Organization any standards set and controlled by transnational corporations in northern governments. Arbitrary WTO standards can contribute to massive unemployment and would inevitably contribute to protectionism. Instead, the author argues for the need to protect worker rights without the threat of trade sanctions.
Capitalist Trade Privileges and Social Labor Rights
Authors: Waterman Peter
Published: August 2004

The author suggests that the presently dominant “Social‐Clause‐Within‐the‐WTO” strategy has not been submitted to a full discussion internationally. Taking a stand on a model of a “new global solidarity unionism,” he argues the necessity for an international labor rights dialogue and campaign, independent of and opposed to the discourses and practices of capitalist trade.
Organizing Low‐Wage Immigrants—The Workplace Project
Authors: Gordon Jennifer
Published: August 2004

In 1992, Jennifer Gordon founded the Workplace Project, a Long Island‐based labor‐organizing center committed to developing and expanding the economic, political, and social power of recent immigrants working in low‐wage jobs. In the last decade, the Workplace Project has become a vital institution for organizing immigrant workers to advance their own interests, with a primary objective of bringing workers into leadership positions. Gordon's model of worker education is drawn from Paolo Freire's philosophy of popular education, stressing the importance of participant leadership and involvement, and is based on the belief, with its attendant practices, that worker education and organizing are ongoing processes. By relentlessly accentuating worker participation, the Workplace Project has become a vibrant labor organization that builds worker and community solidarity and unconventional forms of unionization. Its victories have included the passage of pathbreaking legislation that expanded the political and economic power of recent immigrants.
Labor's Triumphs and Frustrations New
Authors: Beachler Donald W.
Published: August 2004

Labor achieved considerable electoral success in 2000 as it helped deliver the Democratic presidential nomination to Al Gore and enabled Gore to carry vital battleground states in the general election. Unions were defeated on the China Trade Bill, and after the 2000 election a Republican Party hostile to organized labor controlled both Congress and the White House.
African‐American Workers and the Social Benefits of Tight Labor Markets
Authors: Cherry Robert
Published: August 2004

This article emphasizes the employment and earnings gains made by less educated African‐American workers during the later stages of the Clinton expansion, when the national unemployment rate fell below 5 percent. It documents the breakdown of negative stereotypes faced by former welfare recipients, resulting in their employment and wage growth, as well as the substantial shift of African‐American men from intermittent to steady full‐time employment.
Taking the High Road in Milwaukee
Authors: Bernhardt Annette , Dresser Laura , Rogers Joel
Published: August 2004

Wisconsin has been home to a series of interrelated partnerships between labor and employers that have built institutions to support high‐road business practice around quality, worker training, innovation, and cooperation. The Center on Wisconsin Strategy has been pivotal in these experiments. In this article, three members of the COWS staff use this experience to draw the general lesson for how organized labor can use sectoral development strategies to steer employers toward a more positive future.
Fighting Racism and Union‐Busting in South Carolina
Authors: Riley Ken
Published: August 2004

In January 2000, South Carolina attorney general Charles Condon dispatched more than 600 military personnel to intervene in a dispute between a steamship operator and the Charleston dockworkers union. After several days of picketing, Local 1422 appeared to have gained the upper hand against a carrier that hired replacement workers at a fraction of the wages and benefits union members received. In the melee that ensued, rank‐and‐file members were seriously injured by club‐wielding armed personnel. Subsequently, the attorney general indicted five members of ILA Local 1422 on criminal rioting charges.
Renewing Labor
Authors: Miller Mike , Eisenscher Michael
Published: August 2004

This paper describes ORGANIZE Training Center's approach to transforming union locals. The Project for Labor Renewal worked intensely with two San Francisco Bay Area union locals. The article describes and analyzes the organization's development process, successes, difficulties, and lessons from this experience, arguing for an extension of current understanding of organizing to include a number of community‐building activities.
Reviews
Authors: Estey Ken , Luger Stan
Published: August 2004

Learning from Saturn: Possibilities for Corporate Governance and Employee Relations. By Saul A. Rubinstein and Thomas A. Kochan.

Big Business and the State: Historical Transitions and Corporate Transformation, 1880s–1990s. By Harland Prechel.
Review
Authors: Ranis Peter
Published: August 2004

Rekindling the Movement: Labor's Quest for Relevance in the 21st Century. Edited by Lowell Turner, Harry C. Katz, AND Richard W. Hurd.
Earl Warren's Lost Cause
Authors: Mitchell Daniel J. B.
Published: August 2004

Canada has a universal system of health insurance through single‐payer funds operated at the provincial level. The U.S. failure to adopt some form of national health insurance is commonly seen as the result of the defeat of the Truman health plan in 1949. But could the United States have evolved a Canadian‐style system, with state‐run health funds? California governor Earl Warren proposed such a plan in 1944 and might have succeeded in putting it across.
The Case for Joint Trusteeship of Pension Plans
Authors: Cook Robert
Published: August 2004

Cook traces the history of union pension funds and enactment of Section 302 of Taft‐Hartley requiring joint employer‐employee management of formerly union funds. He reviews theories of ownership of pension funds, finding the “deferred wage theory” to fit best. This article shows that the NRLB concurred, holding that pensions are part of wages; replies to objections to joint trusteeship; and concludes that all pension funds should be jointly trusteed.
Smart Growth for Cities: It's a Union Thing
Authors: LeRoy Greg
Published: August 2004

Suburban sprawl has emerged as America's number one public concern, and hundreds of “smart growth” ballot initiatives and laws are being enacted. Unions are clearly harmed by sprawl, but relatively few labor leaders have made the link or sought to join the smart growth debate. If, as one labor leader says, this is the dominant urban policy issue for the next twenty years, unions must weigh in. The smart growth movement is tailor‐made for Union Cities. It can strengthen union ties to traditional urban‐justice constituencies and bring new common ground with environmentalists. Smart growth has great potential for union‐building, but only if labor is actively involved. The train is leaving the station.
At‐Will Employment in Florida Government
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: August 2004

The cornerstone of the merit system—employee protection from partisan intrigue—is now at risk because of the civil service reform movement. This article examines the American business philosophy of employment at will—unique in the developed world—as an attempt to corporatize state government career service. The origins of the modern civil service, objectives of contemporary reform, and the role of career officials in government are first briefly reviewed. Then, the 2001 radical reform initiative in the “megastate” of Florida known as “Service First” and its defining feature—employment at will—are analyzed. The conclusion speculates on the future of this attempt to change state government.
Victory in the Heartland
Authors: Hertenstein Edward , Kaminski Michelle
Published: August 2004

From 1994 to 1999, the workers at Beverly Farm Home for the Developmentally Disabled in Godfrey, Illinois, struggled to unionize. The local union, affiliated with American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) Council 31, had won a representation election in 1994, but employer stall tactics caused a five‐year delay. The union responded with a multipronged attack, which included a bitter four‐month strike that eventually resulted in a victory for the union.
Lean Production and the Discourse of Dissent
Authors: Bruno Robert , Jordan Lisa
Published: August 2004

In the spring of 1989, Chrysler and Mitsubishi Motors entered into a joint venture to build cars in Bloomington‐Normal, Illinois. A dozen years after “lean production” and “employee teams” were introduced, this paper revisits the initial expectations of workers. Through an employee survey it assesses how employee attitudes, shop‐floor behavior, and language have coalesced to create an oppositional discourse of dissent. At Mitsubishi there appears to be a fundamental contradiction between the discourse of production as spoken and the experiences of the workers working within that discourse. The workers have created their own way of talking about work life at Mitsubishi.
Union and the New Economy
Authors: Amman John
Published: August 2004

Recent organizing attempts in the high‐tech sector have raised questions about the relevance of unions for highly skilled and highly paid information technology professionals. In fact, unions in the motion picture and television industries already represent workers who are nearly identical to high‐tech professionals. For decades, unions in these industries have commanded the loyalty of highly skilled and highly compensated professionals who work on a freelance basis by providing them with access to health insurance and retirement benefits and generally providing them with the support services to survive in their careers. If the labor movement is looking for models to organize and represent high‐tech or new media professionals, it need look no further than the motion picture and television unions.
The Real and the Possible
Authors: Schmid Juan Carlos , Sweeney Sean
Published: August 2004

Sean Sweeney interviews Juan Carlos Schmid, one of Argentina's most prominent labor leaders. The discussion exposes the reality that Argentina, only recently a shining star of Latin America, is now a “tormented country, devoid of options, and teetering on the brink of complete social breakdown.” The interview demonstrates that, at this stage, there is no social organization with the capacity to mobilize the “shared misery of the working and middle classes” to build a more stable and equitable society.
First, Assume a Can Opener
Authors: Dannin Ellen
Published: August 2004

In his article “Beyond Unions and Collective Bargaining,” Leo Troy articulated a description of a system of individual representation. This response questions basic assumptions of that description and attempts to describe the complex interactions between unionized and unorganized work. It also suggests looking for empirical evidence by examining New Zealand's experiences under the sort of system Troy advocates.
Reviews
Authors: Sawicky Max B. , Schenk Christopher , Kelber Harry
Published: August 2004

You Don't Always Get What You Pay For: The Economics of Privatization. By Elliott D. Sclar.

The Quality of Work: A People‐Centred Agenda. By Graham Lowe.

What's a Good Job? The Importance of Employment Relationships. By Graham Lowe and Grant Schellenberg.

Harry Van Arsdale Jr.: Labor's Champion. By Gene Ruffini.
Reviews
Authors: Green Ernest D.
Published: August 2004

Class Notes: Posing as Politics and Other Thoughts on the American Scene.

By Adolph Reed, Jr
In Defense of Public Service
Authors: Hurd Richard W.
Published: August 2004

Public‐sector unions face the combined threat of massive budget deficits, privatization, and the expanded power of the Republican right. Enthusiasm for labor‐management partnerships, evident in the 1990s, has diminished. Priorities have been reordered, and attention has shifted to organizing and the fight against privatization.
Higher Education and Its Contingent Faculty of the Future
Authors: Hough Leslie
Published: August 2004

University program administrators use contingent academics for a number of reasons, each of which has a different effect on higher education and the contingent workers themselves.
No More Tiers—or, How I Learned to Abolish Bad Jobs by Making Them Better
Authors: Vaughn William
Published: August 2004

Those who would organize across or within academic tiers must not be deterred by the legal challenges. In addition, we must resist the urge to address problems individually by always working toward that next job; acknowledge our common cause; recognize that our talents in listening, learning, teaching, and persuading already prepare us to be organizers; reassert faculty governance through active organizing; and thereby model professional responsibility for peers and the students who would become our peers.
Working Systemically to Improve the Conditions of Part‐Time/Adjunct Faculty
Authors: Smith Craig
Published: August 2004

Several efforts have been made recently to address the exploitation of part‐time/adjunct faculty in U.S. institutions of higher education. The Washington Federation of Teachers (WFT) has led one of the most successful efforts in this area on behalf of part‐time/adjunct faculty at the state community and technical colleges. This paper examines the broader issues that such a model raises for future efforts on behalf of part‐time/adjunct faculty.
Criminal Neglect
Authors: O'Neill Rory
Published: August 2004

Hundreds of thousands die at work each year, many as a result of clear negligence and cost‐cutting on the part of their employer. Anyone convicted of manslaughter can expect to face vigorous prosecution and the probability of a stiff prison sentence when the crime is committed outside the workplace, but behind the factory doors, employers can almost always kill with impunity. Unions worldwide are now calling for corporate accountability to extend to workplace safety crimes and for the incarceration of the most dangerous offenders.
Building Comprehensive Market Recovery Strategies for the Construction Industry
Authors: Weil David
Published: August 2004

Buffeted by dramatic changes in the construction industry, in the past thirty‐five years union density has declined from over 50 percent to less than 20 percent. The author argues that unions representing workers in the industry must link sustained organizing drives to upsurges in local economies.
Campus Equity Week's Offspring Takes a Few Steps
Authors: Berry Joe
Published: August 2004

Campus Equity Week in fall 2001 marked heightened organizing among metro Chicago's higher‐education contingent faculty, and it now seems poised to expand more rapidly. Increased organizational commitment by both AFT and NEA affiliates, as well as the founding of the Chicago Chapter of the Coalition of Contingent Academic Labor (COCAL), has sparked organizing among the contingent faculty in Chicago City Colleges, the largest single group in the area.
Contingent Faculty
Authors: Schneirov Richard
Published: August 2004

The rising employment of contingent faculty, once largely ignored, has become a major issue in American academia. Regular faculty, administrators, and the public at‐large have joined their distinct interests to those of contingent faculty in demanding reform. Meanwhile, contingent faculty who would take a full‐time job if available have reached a critical mass. This subgroup is fueling a new social activism. Since 1998, a social movement has taken shape that relies on community‐wide coalitions and directs its demands to the public as well as administrators.
The Slow Rise and Sudden Fall of OSHA's Ergonomics Standard
Authors: Mogensen Vernon
Published: August 2004

During the past two decades the number of repetitive strain injuries has grown with the spread of repetitive motion and computer‐automated work in both blue‐collar and white‐collar sectors of the economy. These injuries now represent the leading safety and health hazard on the job, but many of them can be prevented through the science of ergonomics. Organized labor, women's groups, and committees on occupational safety and health fought for two decades to secure the ergonomics standard, but President Bush repealed it in two months. The attack on, and defeat of, the ergonomics standard was part of a larger corporate effort to discipline the labor force and limit workers' rights.
Religion‐Labor Partnerships
Authors: Bobo Kim
Published: August 2004

Today, activists are reviving the old labor‐religious alliances that were such a key feature of labor's resurgence in the 1930s. As executive director of the National Interfaith Committee for Worker Justice, Kim Bobo draws on years of experience to offer a snapshot into the state of growing partnerships between labor and the religious community. Bobo explores the many ways in which the religious community has become involved in worker battles. At the same time, she also cautions us on the challenges in making such connections.
Review
Authors: Estey Ken
Published: August 2004

Negotiations and Change: From the Workplace to Society.

Edited by Thomas A. Kochan and David B. Lipsky.
Review
Authors: Young Jim
Published: August 2004

Fallout: The Environmental Consequences of the World Trade Center Collapse.

By Juan Gonzalez.
Paid Educational Leave for Union Representatives
Authors: Lund John
Published: August 2004

Who should pay the cost of educating union representatives? This article briefly surveys the European experience on paid union educational leave and then develops a costing model for assessing payment of access (compensating lost time and travel) and delivery (tuition and related expenses) costs and offers recommendations for shifting access and delivery costs away from the worker and the union to third parties.
Review
Authors: Malone Christopher
Published: August 2004

Lost Ground: Welfare Reform, Poverty and Beyond. Edited by Randy Albelda and Ann Withorn.
DAMPING AND REACTION RATES AND WAVE FUNCTION RENORMALIZATION OF FERMIONS IN HOT GAUGE THEORIES
Authors: AYALA ALEJANDRO , D'OLIVO JUAN CARLOS , WEBER AXEL
Published: August 2004

We examine the relation between the damping rate of a chiral fermion mode propagating in a hot plasma and the rate at which the mode approaches equilibrium. We show how these two quantities, obtained from the imaginary part of the fermion self-energy, are equal when the reaction rate is defined using the appropriate wave function of the mode in the medium. As an application, we compute the production rate of hard axions by Compton-like scattering processes in a hot QED plasma starting from both, the axion self-energy and the electron self-energy. We show that the latter rate coincides with the former only when this is computed using the corresponding medium spinor modes.
INCLUSIVE DECAYS OF BOTTOM HADRONS IN NEW FORMULATION OF HEAVY QUARK EFFECTIVE FIELD THEORY
Authors: YAN Y. A. , WU Y. L. , WANG W. Y.
Published: August 2004

We apply the new formulation of heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) to the inclusive decays of bottom hadrons. The long-term ambiguity of using heavy quark mass or heavy hadron mass for inclusive decays is clarified within the framework of the new formulation of HQEFT. The 1/mborder corrections are absent and contributions from [Formula: see text] terms are calculated in detail. This enables us to reliably extract the important CKM matrix element |Vcb| from the inclusive semileptonic decay rates. The resulting lifetime ratios [Formula: see text] and τ(Λb)/τ(B0) are found to well agree with the experimental data. We also calculate in detail the inclusive semileptonic branching ratios and the ratios of the τ and β decay rates as well as the charm countings in the B0, [Formula: see text] and Λbsystems. For B0decays, all the observables are found to be consistent with the experimental data. More precise data for the B0decays and further experimental measurements for the [Formula: see text] and Λbsystems will be very useful for testing the framework of new formulation of HQEFT at the level of higher order corrections.
RICCION FROM HIGHER-DIMENSIONAL SPACE–TIME AND ONE-LOOP RENORMALIZATION
Authors: SRIVASTAVA S. K.
Published: August 2004

Using higher-derivative gravitational action in (4+D)-dimensional space–time, Lagrangian density of riccion is obtained with the quartic self-interacting potential. It is found that after compactification to four-dimensional space–time the resulting theory for riccions is one-loop multiplicatively renormalizable. Renormalization group equations are solved and its solutions yield many interesting results such as (i) dependence of extra dimensions on the energy mass scale showing that these dimensions increase with the increasing mass scale, (ii) phase transition at 1.76×1016 GeV and (iii) dependence of gravitational and other coupling constants on energy scale. Results also suggest that space–time above 1.76×1016 GeV should be fractal.
FORM FACTORS OF THE SU(2) INVARIANT MASSIVE THIRRING MODEL WITH BOUNDARY REFLECTION
Authors: FURUTSU H. , KOJIMA T. , QUANO Y.-H.
Published: August 2004

The SU(2)-invariant massive Thirring model with a boundary is considered on the basis of the vertex operator approach. The bosonic formulae are presented for the vacuum vector and its dual in the presence of the boundary. The integral representations are also given for form factors of the present model.
CONSTRAINING SUSY MODELS WITH SPONTANEOUS CP VIOLATION VIA B→ψKs
Authors: LEBEDEV OLEG
Published: August 2004

We study CP-violating effects in B→ψKs decay within minimal supersymmetric models with spontaneous CP violation. We find that the CP asymmetry predicted by the Standard Model in this decay, sin 2β≥0.4, cannot be accommodated in these models without violating the bound on the neutron electric dipole moment. This result holds for NMSSM-like models with an arbitrary number of sterile superfields. Further implications of the scenario are discussed.
HEISENBERG AND MODULAR INVARIANCE OF N=2 CONFORMAL FIELD THEORY
Authors: ROAN SHI-SHYR
Published: August 2004

We present a theta function representation of the twisted characters for the rational N=2 superconformal field theory, and discuss the Jacobi-form like functional properties of these characters for a fixed central charge under the action of a finite Heisenberg group and modular transformations.
GAUGED THIRRING MODEL IN THE HEISENBERG PICTURE
Authors: LUNARDI J. T. , PIMENTEL B. M. , MANZONI L. A.
Published: August 2004

We consider the (2+1)-dimensional gauged Thirring model in the Heisenberg picture. In this context we evaluate the vacuum polarization tensor as well as the corrected gauge boson propagator and address the issues of generation of mass and dynamics for the gauge boson (in the limits of QED3 and Thirring model as a gauge theory, respectively) due to the radiative corrections.
EXACT LOW-ENERGY EFFECTIVE ACTIONS FOR HYPERMULTIPLETS IN FOUR DIMENSIONS
Authors: KETOV SERGEI V.
Published: August 2004

We consider the general hypermultiplet low-energy effective action (LEEA) that may appear in quantized, four-dimensional, N=2 supersymmetric, gauge theories, e.g. in the Coulomb and Higgs branches. Our main purpose is a description of the exact LEEA of n magnetically charged hypermultiplets. The hypermultiplet LEEA is given by the N=2 supersymmetric nonlinear sigma-model (NLSM) with a 4n-dimensional hyper-Kähler metric, subject to nonanomalous symmetries. Harmonic superspace (HSS) and the NLSM isometries are very useful to constrain the hyper-Kähler geometry of the LEEA. We use N=2 supersymmetric projections of HSS superfields to N=2 linear (tensor) O(2) and O(4) multiplets in N=2projective superspace (PSS) to deduce the explicit form of the LEEA in some particular cases. As the by-product, a simple new classification of all multimonopole moduli space metrics having su (2)R symmetry is proposed in terms of real quartic polynomials of 2n variables, modulo Sp (n) transformations. The 4d hypermultiplet LEEA for n=2 can be encoded in terms of an elliptic curve.
GEOMETRY OF THE RAYCHAUDHURI EQUATION — PROJECTIVE STRUCTURES AND INTEGRABILITY
Authors: GUHA PARTHA
Published: August 2004

In this paper we discuss various aspects of the Raychaudhuri equation from the group theoretic (orbit method) and integrable systems point of view.
CONFORMAL TACHYONS
Authors: TOMASCHITZ ROMAN
Published: August 2004

We study tachyons conformally coupled to the background geometry of a Milne universe. The causality of superluminal signal transfer is scrutinized in this context. The cosmic time of the comoving frame determines a distinguished time order for events connected by superluminal signals. An observer can relate his rest frame to the galaxy frame, and compare so the time order of events in his proper time to the cosmic time order. All observers can in this way arrive at identical conclusions on the causality of events connected by superluminal signals. An unambiguous energy concept for tachyonic rays is defined by means of the cosmic time of the comoving reference frame, without resorting to an antiparticle interpretation. On that basis we give an explicit proof that no signals can be sent into the past of observers. Causality violating signals are energetically forbidden, as they would have negative energy in the rest frame of the emitting observer. If an observer emits a superluminal signal, the tachyonic response of a second observer cannot reach him prior to the emission, i.e. no predetermination can occur.
SPECIAL RELATIVITY AND SUPERLUMINAL MOTIONS: A DISCUSSION OF SOME RECENT EXPERIMENTS
Authors: RECAMI ERASMO , FONTANA FLAVIO , GARAVAGLIA ROBERTO
Published: August 2004

Some experiments, performed at Berkeley, Cologne, Florence, Vienna, Orsay and Rennes led to the claim that something seems to travel with a group velocity larger than the speed c of light in vacuum. Various other experimental results seem to point in the same direction: For instance, localized wavelet-type solutions of Maxwell equations have been found, both theoretically and experimentally, that travel with Superluminal speed. Even muonic and electronic neutrinos — it has been proposed — might be "tachyons," since their square mass appears to be negative. With regard to the first-mentioned experiments, it was very recently claimed by Guenter Nimtz that those results with evanescent waves or "tunneling photons" — implying Superluminal signal and impulse transmission — violate Einstein causality. In this note, on the contrary, we want to stress that all such results do not place relativistic causality in jeopardy, even if they refer to actual tachyonic motions: In fact, special relativity can cope even with Superluminal objects and waves. For instance, it is possible (at least in microphysics) to solve also the known causal paradoxes, devised for "faster than light" motion, even if this is not widely recognized. Here we show, in detail and rigorously, how to solve the oldest causal paradox, originally proposed by Tolman, which is the kernel of many further tachyon paradoxes. The key to the solution is a careful application of tachyon mechanics, as it unambiguously follows from special relativity.
GEOMETRY OF ORIENTIFOLDS WITH NS–NS B FLUX
Authors: KAKUSHADZE ZURAB
Published: August 2004

We discuss geometry underlying orientifolds with nontrivial NS–NS B flux. If D-branes wrap a torus with B flux the rank of the gauge group is reduced due to noncommuting Wilson lines whose presence is implied by the B flux. In the case of c-branes transverse to a torus with B flux the rank reduction is due to a smaller number of D-branes required by tadpole cancellation conditions in the presence of B flux as some of the orientifold planes now have the opposite orientifold projection. We point out that T duality in the presence of B flux is more subtle than in the case with trivial B flux, and it is precisely consistent with the qualitative difference between the aforementioned two setups. In the case where both types of branes are present, the states in the mixed (e.g. 59) open string sectors come with a nontrivial multiplicity, which we relate to a discrete gauge symmetry due to nonzero B flux, and construct vertex operators for the mixed sector states. Using these results we revisit K3 orientifolds with B flux (where K3 is a T4/ZM orbifold) and point out various subtleties arising in some of these models. For instance, in the Z2 case the conformal field theory orbifold does not appear to be the consistent background for the corresponding orientifolds with B flux. This is related to the fact that nonzero B flux requires the presence of both O5-- as well as O5+-planes at various Z2 orbifold fixed points, which appears to be inconsistent with the presence of the twistedB flux in the conformal field theory orbifold. We also consider four-dimensional [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] supersymmetric orientifolds. We construct consistent four-dimensional models with B flux which do not suffer from difficulties encountered in the K3 cases.
COLOR-STRAIGHT FOUR-QUARK OPERATORS AND LIFETIMES OF b-FLAVORED HADRONS
Authors: ARUNAGIRI S.
Published: August 2004

Using the relation between the harmonic oscillator wave function and the light quark scattering form factor, the expectation values of color-straight four-quark operators are evaluated and found to be directly proportional to the cubic power of the oscillator strength. It is predicted that the ratio τ(Λb)/τ(B)≈0.79(0.84) due to the factorizable (nonfactorizable) piece, against the experimental 0.79±0.06. Notwithstanding the numerical prediction, the present study shows that the four-quark operators play a role as far the lifetimes of b-flavored hadrons are concerned.