bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deformation, speed, and stability of droplet motion in closed electrowetting-based digital microfluidics
Authors: Guan Yin , Li Baiyun , Zhu Mengnan , Cheng Shengjie , Tu Jiyue
Published: June 2019

Electrowetting-based microdrop manipulation has received considerable attention owing to its wide applications in numerous scientific areas based on the digital microfluidics (DMF) technology. However, the techniques for highly precise droplet handling in such microscopic systems are still unclear. In this work, the deformation, speed, and stability of droplet transporting in closed electrowetting-based DMF systems are comprehensively investigated with both theoretical and numerical analyses. First, a theoretical model is derived which governs the droplet motion and includes the influences of the key electrowetting system parameters. After that, a finite volume formulation with a two-step projection method is used for solving the microfluidic flow on a fixed numerical domain. The liquid-gas interface of the droplet is tracked by a coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid method, and the surface tension at the interface is computed by the continuum surface force scheme. A parametric study has been carried out to examine the effects of the static contact angles (θs,ON and θs,OFF), hysteresis effect (Δθ), channel height (H), and electrode size (LE) on droplet shape, speed, and deformation during transport, which unanimously shows that droplet length, neck width, and transport stability are directly related to a dimensionless parameter κ* that only comprises θs,ON, θs,OFF, H, LE, and the hysteresis angle Δθ. Based on the results, the scaling laws for estimating droplet shape and stability of the transport process have been developed, which can be used for promoting the accuracy and efficiency of droplet manipulation in a large variety of droplet-based DMF applications.
Gadolinium vanadate nanocrystals as carriers of α-emitters (225Ac, 227Th) and contrast agents
Authors: Toro-González Miguel , Dame Ashley N. , Mirzadeh Saed , Rojas Jessika V.
Published: June 2019

Gadolinium vanadate (GdVO4) core and core + 2 shell nanocrystals (NCs) were evaluated for in vitro retention of 225Ac, 227Th, and their first decay daughters, 221Fr and 223Ra, respectively. GdVO4 NCs with a tetragonal crystal system (zircon-type) and spherical morphology were obtained by precipitation of GdCl3 and Na3VO4 using sodium citrate as a complexing agent. The growth of two nonradioactive GdVO4 shells on both Gd(225Ac)VO4 and Gd(227Th)VO4 core NCs was demonstrated by an increase of 0.7 nm and 2 nm in the crystallite size, respectively. The maximum leakage of 225Ac was 15% and 2.4% from core and core + 2 shells, whereas the leakage of 227Th was 3% and 1.5%, respectively. The presence of two nonradioactive GdVO4 shells increased the retention of 221Fr and 223Ra by 20% and 15% with respect to core NCs. Furthermore, a longitudinal proton relaxivity, r1 = 0.9289 s−1 mM−1, confirmed their potential application as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. In summary, GdVO4 NCs show promising capabilities as radionuclide carriers with partial retention of decay daughters and as contrast agents for theranostic applications.
The promise and peril of sexual harassment programs
Authors: Dobbin Frank , Kalev Alexandra
Published: June 2019

Two decades ago, the Supreme Court vetted the workplace harassment programs popular at the time: sexual harassment grievance procedures and training. However, harassment at work remains common. Do these programs reduce harassment? Program effects have been difficult to measure, but, because women frequently quit their jobs after being harassed, programs that reduce harassment should help firms retain current and aspiring women managers. Thus, effective programs should be followed by increases in women managers. We analyze data from 805 companies over 32 y to explore how new sexual harassment programs affect the representation of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian-American women in management. We find support for several propositions. First, sexual harassment grievance procedures, shown in surveys to incite retaliation without satisfying complainants, are followed by decreases in women managers. Second, training for managers, which encourages managers to look for signs of trouble and intervene, is followed by increases in women managers. Third, employee training, which proscribes specific behaviors and signals that male trainees are potential perpetrators, is followed by decreases in women managers. Two propositions specify how management composition moderates program effects. One, because women are more likely to believe harassment complaints and less likely to respond negatively to training, in firms with more women managers, programs work better. Two, in firms with more women managers, harassment programs may activate group threat and backlash against some groups of women. Positive and negative program effects are found in different sorts of workplaces.
NRF2/ARE pathway negatively regulates BACE1 expression and ameliorates cognitive deficits in mouse Alzheimer’s models
Authors: Bahn Gahee , Park Jong-Sung , Yun Ui Jeong , Lee Yoon Jee , Choi Yuri , Park Jin Su , Baek Seung Hyun , Choi Bo Youn , Cho Yoon Suk , Kim Hark Kyun , Han Jihoon , Sul Jae Hoon , Baik Sang-Ha , Lim Jinhwan , Wakabayashi Nobunao , Bae Soo Han , Han Jeung-Whan , Arumugam Thiruma V. , Mattson Mark P. , Jo Dong-Gyu
Published: June 2019

Significance

Considering that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic disease progressing over a long period of time, even a slight increase ofBACE1expression may have a profound effect on Aβ accumulation. We describe a previously unknown mechanism that negatively regulatesBACE1andBACE1-ASexpression and demonstrate its pivotal role in the progression of Aβ and Tau pathologies and cognitive impairment in two mouse models of AD. Given the recent failures of the clinical trials using enzymatic inhibitors of BACE1, it is critical to explore alternative approaches such as down-regulatingBACE1andBACE1-AStranscription. Our finding that NRF2 negatively regulates BACE1 and BACE1-AS therefore suggests a potential for disease modification by NRF2-activating phytochemicals or synthetic small molecules in AD.
UBE3A-mediated PTPA ubiquitination and degradation regulate PP2A activity and dendritic spine morphology
Authors: Wang Jie , Lou Sen-Sen , Wang Tingting , Wu Rong-Jie , Li Guangying , Zhao Miao , Lu Bin , Li Yi-Yan , Zhang Jing , Cheng Xuewen , Shen Ya , Wang Xing , Zhu Zhi-Chuan , Li Ming-Jie , Takumi Toru , Yang Hui , Yu Xiang , Liao Lujian , Xiong Zhi-Qi
Published: June 2019

Significance

Deletion or loss-of-function mutations of the maternally inherited allele of
UBE3A
, which encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase, lead to Angelman syndrome (AS), a developmental neurological disorder with severe intellectual disability. The consequences of
UBE3A
dysfunction are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that UBE3A ubiquitinates PTPA, an activator of protein phosphatase 2A. Maternal loss of
Ube3a
in an AS mouse model leads to significant increases in PTPA level and PP2A activity. Genetic reduction of PTPA or pharmacologic inhibition of PP2A in an AS mouse model alleviated the deficits in dendritic spine morphology and synaptic transmission and improved behavioral phenotypes. These data suggest a critical role of UBE3A-PTPA-PP2A signaling in the pathogenesis of UBE3A-related disorders.
Salmonella
biofilms program innate immunity for persistence in
Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Desai Stuti K. , Padmanabhan Anup , Harshe Sharvari , Zaidel-Bar Ronen , Kenney Linda J.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Salmonella
resides as an intracellular pathogen in eukaryotic hosts and causes diarrhea or typhoid fever. In a small but alarming proportion of infected humans,
Salmonella
exists asymptomatically as biofilms, a basis for long-term disease transmission. Although
Salmonella
biofilms have been observed in chronically infected mice, mechanisms underlying why and how such multicellular aggregates are formed in vivo remain poorly understood. We exposed optically transparent
Caenorhabditis elegans
to
Salmonella
and observed the progression of infection in intestines from free-living cells to static aggregates. We discovered that a secreted toxin is down-regulated when
Salmonella
forms biofilms, leading to an adaptive advantage in chronic infections. Hence,
Salmonella
biofilms enable dormancy to prolong in vivo existence.
Reconstructing sexual divisions of labor from fingerprints on Ancestral Puebloan pottery
Authors: Kantner John , McKinney David , Pierson Michele , Wester Shaza
Published: June 2019

Significance

The evolution of the sexual division of labor within human societies is difficult to reconstruct because of the scarcity of direct evidence recovered from archaeological contexts, and yet many disciplines make assumptions regarding how labor first became specialized in our species. We propose an innovative method for identifying the sex of potters through the analysis of fingerprint impressions recovered from material culture. An application of the method to ancient pottery demonstrates that males and females were both significantly involved in producing vessels. The study further suggests that the exact proportion of each sex involved in pottery making was quite fluid, and may have varied among different groups in the same community, as well as changed from generation to generation.
Specific factors in blood from young but not old mice directly promote synapse formation and NMDA-receptor recruitment
Authors: Gan Kathlyn J. , Südhof Thomas C.
Published: June 2019

Significance

Cognitive function decreases during aging, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Revolutionary recent studies revealed that introduction of blood from young mice into old mice increased cognitive abilities and synaptic connectivity, suggesting that young blood contains specific factors supporting cognitive function. Here, we asked whether young blood is enriched in factors that act directly on neurons to promote synapse formation. We show that serum from young but not old mice indeed directly boosts synapse formation in cultured neurons, and identify two factors, thrombospondin-4 and SPARCL1, that are enriched in young blood and mediate these effects. Thus, our experiments show that young blood is enriched in multiple factors that directly promote synaptic connectivity between neurons.
A new in vitro muscle contraction model and its application for analysis of mTORC1 signaling in combination with contraction and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate administration
Authors: Sato Satoko , Nomura Mitsuru , Yamana Ikko , Uchiyama Akira , Furuichi Yasuro , Manabe Yasuko , Fujii Nobuharu L
Published: June 2019

Several food constituents augment exercise-induced muscle strength improvement; however, the detailed mechanism underlying these combined effects is unknown because of the lack of a cultured cell model for evaluating the contraction-induced muscle protein synthesis level. Here, we aimed to establish a new in vitro muscle contraction model for analyzing the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. We adopted the tetanic electric stimulation of 50 V at 100 Hz for 10 min in L6.C11 myotubes. Akt, ERK1/2, and p70S6K phosphorylation increased significantly after electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), compared to untreated cells. Next, we used this model to analyze mTORC1 signaling in combination with exercise and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB), an l-leucine metabolite. p70S6K phosphorylation increased significantly in the EPS+HMB group compared to that in the EPS-alone group. These findings show that our model could be used to analyze mTORC1 signaling and that HMB enhances muscle contraction-activated mTORC1 signaling.
Photo-Electric Response of Polyaniline/ZnO Nanocomposites Based on Inorganic/Organic Heterojunctions
Authors: Han Lei-lei , Meng Chao-ying , Fan Shan
Published: June 2019

The samples were analyzed and characterized by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).The XRD results showed that the diffraction peaks of PANI/ZnO nanocomposites agreed with the pure ZnO. The as-prepared nanocomposites with different amounts of PANI dopants exhibited different sensing properties. When the weight ratio of PANI is 5%, the photoelectric response of nanocomposites to UV light reaches maximum (1938). Compared with ZnO, the response shows 60 times improvement. Additionally, the probable photoelectric response mechanism was also proposed. Firstly, the existence of p-n heterojunctions formed between p-type PANI and n-type ZnO interfaces was confirmed by the IV characteristics. It is believed that the p-n heterojunctions can promote the charge separation and further increase the amount of absorbed negative oxygen ions. Secondly, the highly dispersed stated of PANI could suppress the formation of interfacial recombination centers and accelerate p-type hole transporting. The photocurrent of composites is improved significantly. And we hope this work can help for designing more photoelectric materials with the higher response.
Manufacturing Processes of Sensorial Materials: Sensors Placement and Experimental Validation
Authors: Mekid S. , Daraghma H.
Published: June 2019

Nervous and sensorial materials are gaining more attention with in-material host of both sensors and actuators together to build functional materials for robotics and structural health monitoring. This paper presents a case study of a cantilever beam made with different materials including metals, polymers and powder-based materials using variety of manufacturing procedures with inserted sensors inside. The part becomes sensorial in this case and may be more functional for structural health monitoring and smart materials with dynamic functions. The results show that not only the location of the sensors is extremely important inside the material to capture true material’s behavior, but also the integrity of both sensors and material that must be satisfied. Example with experimental validation have shown agreement between theoretical and measured values.
Different Methods of Introduction Gold NPs into Perovskite Solar Cells with Their Efficiencies
Authors: Abdoul-latif Mouna Mohamed , Xu Jia , Yao Jianxi , Dai Songyuan , Awaleh Mohamed Osman
Published: June 2019

The introduction of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) into Perovskite Solar Cells doesn’t bring a higher enhancement in efficiency than fullerene like C60 or PCBM (phenyl C61-butyric acid methylester) or graphene introduced into the PSCs which have improved the efficiency more than 15%. In this work, the Au NPs prepared by sol-gel method using Turkevish method have been introduce into PSCs by three different ways and their efficiencies have been investigated for looking for the best method. This adding of the Au NPs is done firstly by doping the TiO2, secondly by depositing Au NPs layer into the TiO2 layer and thirdly by depositing the Au NPs doped TiO2 layer into TiO2 layer. All of them have given some results but still significantly low compared to other materials used. Even though the Au NPs could improve the short-circuit photocurrent density Jsc, the contact between Au NPs or TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD may also have decreased the PCE.
Measurement of Gas Temperature and Concentration Based on TDLAS
Authors: Chang Zijun , Liu Qingming , Shen Yang
Published: June 2019

The measurement of gas temperature and concentration in combustion process has always been an important part of research. Based on the application of tunable diode laser technology in gas detection, the molecular absorption spectroscopy system was established and the concentration and temperature of water vapor were measured. Based on the spectral parameters in the latest HITRAN 2016 database, a group of programs have been compiled, which adopt the form of VOIGT function and consider frequency shift caused by pressure and temperature and . The spectral absorbance of H2O was obtained by the computer program. Based on the scanning range of the laser, the spectral lines of water vapor molecule near 1392 nm were screened to obtain the suitable pairs of spectral lines for measuring temperature and concentration. The pairs of spectral lines were validated as gas temperature measurements at high temperature by numerical simulation. TDLAS system is built independently, and TDLAS technology is used to measure the gas concentration field and temperature field in an experimental way. It is of great significance for TDLAS technology in gas monitoring.
Design of the Curtain Wall Cleaning Robot
Authors: Fan Shan , Han Lei-lei , Meng Chao-ying
Published: June 2019

The curtain wall cleaning robot suitable for special-shaped wall structure of buildings is designed, and the mechanical structure design and control system design of the curtain wall cleaning robot is completed in the paper.The curtain wall cleaning robot is composed of two parts with the same structure. The hinge mechanism is used to realize the turning action of irregular wall. The suction and movement of the cleaning robot are realized by vacuum adsorption of the sucker. And the motor controlled the rotation of the roller brush. The screw guide rail drives the roller brush up and down to realize cleaning. Based on the mechanical structure design, the control system of curtain wall cleaning robot is designed. And PLC control system is used to control the sequence of action of curtain wall cleaning robot.
Using Regularized Softmax Regression in the GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation System with Nonholonomic Constraints
Authors: Zhao Linlin , Quan Haiyang
Published: June 2019

The integration of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and Inertial navigation system (INS) is widely implemented in land-vehicle navigation applications. However, the satellite signal is vulnerable in some special urban scenarios, consequently errors in terms of position, velocity and attitude grow rapidly in stand-alone mode especially for low-cost MEMS-based INS. In the conventional tight combination navigation schemes, system works on predicting model during the GNSS signal outage and the positioning accuracy is determined by the precision of the inertial navigation. Besides the lack of observation makes the estimate of inertial navigation error with GNSS information less reliable due to the satellite signal loss. In this paper, an improved non-holonomic constraints (NHC) method based on regularized softmax regression is proposed to enhance navigation precision when the number of visible satellite is insufficient. The velocity constraint condition is applied to simplify the system calculating equations of MEMS-based INS. Furthermore, a regularization softmax regression model based on the collected data is trained to recognize the vehicle motion pattern so as to realize deeper constraints. Simulation and field-test results indicate that the method is beneficial to raise the precision of low-cost GNSS/INS integrated navigation receiver by efficiently reduce the navigation errors.
Base on PBN’s General Aviation Airspace Planning Research
Authors: Mu Jing
Published: June 2019

At present, all kinds of general aviation in China developing fast. The market of general aviation facing the never seen before appeared challenges. Improve the utilization of airspace resources and expand operational capability of general aviation have become very urgent task. Nowadays PBN Navigation can be used for the operation of general aviation. Improving the utilization of airspace resources, promoting the quality of the flight operation and ensuring flight safety under the same condition. This paper put forward the basic procedure method and operational recommendations for PBN based airspace planning by studying the PBN based airspace planning method.
P3DOCK: a protein–RNA docking webserver based on template-based and template-free docking
Authors: Zheng Jinfang , Hong Xu , Xie Juan , Tong Xiaoxue , Liu Shiyong
Published: June 2019

Motivation

The main function of protein–RNA interaction is to regulate the expression of genes. Therefore, studying protein–RNA interactions is of great significance. The information of three-dimensional (3D) structures reveals that atomic interactions are particularly important. The calculation method for modeling a 3D structure of a complex mainly includes two strategies: free docking and template-based docking. These two methods are complementary in protein–protein docking. Therefore, integrating these two methods may improve the prediction accuracy.

Results

In this article, we compare the difference between the free docking and the template-based algorithm. Then we show the complementarity of these two methods. Based on the analysis of the calculation results, the transition point is confirmed and used to integrate two docking algorithms to develop P3DOCK. P3DOCK holds the advantages of both algorithms. The results of the three docking benchmarks show that P3DOCK is better than those two non-hybrid docking algorithms. The success rate of P3DOCK is also higher (3–20%) than state-of-the-art hybrid and non-hybrid methods. Finally, the hierarchical clustering algorithm is utilized to cluster the P3DOCK’s decoys. The clustering algorithm improves the success rate of P3DOCK. For ease of use, we provide a P3DOCK webserver, which can be accessed at www.rnabinding.com/P3DOCK/P3DOCK.html. An integrated protein–RNA docking benchmark can be downloaded from http://rnabinding.com/P3DOCK/benchmark.html.

Availability and implementation

www.rnabinding.com/P3DOCK/P3DOCK.html.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
capC-MAP: software for analysis of Capture-C data
Authors: Buckle Adam , Gilbert Nick , Marenduzzo Davide , Brackley Chris A
Published: June 2019

Capture-C is a member of the chromosome-conformation-capture family of experimental methods which probes the 3D organization of chromosomes within the cell nucleus. It provides high-resolution information on the genome-wide chromatin interactions from a set of ‘target’ genomic locations, and is growing in popularity as a tool for improving our understanding of cis-regulation and gene function. Yet, analysis of the data is complicated, and to date there has been no dedicated or easy-to-use software to automate the process. We present capC-MAP, a software package for the analysis of Capture-C data.

Availability and implementation

Implemented with both ease of use and flexibility in mind, capC-MAP is a suit of programs written in C++ and Python, where each program can be run separately, or an entire analysis can be performed with a single command line. It is available under an open-source licence at https://github.com/cbrackley/capC-MAP, as well as via the conda package manager, and should run on any standard Unix-style system.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DeepDetect: Detection of Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Using Deep Learning
Authors: Asad Muhammad , Asim Muhammad , Javed Talha , Beg Mirza O , Mujtaba Hasan , Abbas Sohail
Published: June 2019

At the advent of advanced wireless technology and contemporary computing paradigms, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on Web-based services have not only increased exponentially in number, but also in the degree of sophistication; hence the need for detecting these attacks within the ocean of communication packets is extremely important. DDoS attacks were initially projected toward the network and transport layers. Over the years, attackers have shifted their offensive strategies toward the application layer. The application layer attacks are potentially more detrimental and stealthier because of the attack traffic and the benign traffic flows being indistinguishable. The distributed nature of these attacks is difficult to combat as they may affect tangible computing resources apart from network bandwidth consumption. In addition, smart devices connected to the Internet can be infected and used as botnets to launch DDoS attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel deep neural network-based detection mechanism that uses feed-forward back-propagation for accurately discovering multiple application layer DDoS attacks. The proposed neural network architecture can identify and use the most relevant high level features of packet flows with an accuracy of 98% on the state-of-the-art dataset containing various forms of DDoS attacks.
Oral Fluid Drug Testing: Analytical Approaches, Issues and Interpretation of Results
Authors: Desrosiers Nathalie A , Huestis Marilyn A
Published: June 2019

With advances in analytical technology and new research informing result interpretation, oral fluid (OF) testing has gained acceptance over the past decades as an alternative biological matrix for detecting drugs in forensic and clinical settings. OF testing offers simple, rapid, non-invasive, observed specimen collection. This article offers a review of the scientific literature covering analytical methods and interpretation published over the past two decades for amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and benzodiazepines. Several analytical methods have been published for individual drug classes and, increasingly, for multiple drug classes. The method of OF collection can have a significant impact on the resultant drug concentration. Drug concentrations for amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and benzodiazepines are reviewed in the context of the dosing condition and the collection method. Time of last detection is evaluated against several agencies' cutoffs, including the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, European Workplace Drug Testing Society and Driving Under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines cutoffs. A significant correlation was frequently observed between matrices (i.e., between OF and plasma or blood concentrations); however, high intra-subject and inter-subject variability precludes prediction of blood concentrations from OF concentrations. This article will assist individuals in understanding the relative merits and limitations of various methods of OF collection, analysis and interpretation.
Functional comparison of the group III hybrid histidine kinases TcsC of Aspergillus fumigatus and NikA of Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Böhmer Isabella , Spadinger Anja , Ebel Frank
Published: June 2019

In filamentous fungi, group III hybrid histidine kinases (HHKs) are major and nonredundant sensing proteins of the high osmolarity glycerol pathway. In this study, we have compared the biological functions of the two homologous group III HHKs TcsC of Aspergillus fumigatus and NikA of A. nidulans. As expected from previous studies, the corresponding mutants are severely impaired in their ability to adapt to hyperosmotic stress and are both resistant to the antifungal agent fludioxonil. However, our data also reveal novel phenotypes and differences between these mutants. Both TcsC and NikA are required for wild-type-like growth on Czapek-Dox medium and a normal resistance to certain oxidative stressors, whereas an increased resistance to the cell wall disturbing agents Congo red and Calcofluor white was found for the ΔtcsC but not for the ΔnikA mutant. With respect to the cell wall reorganizations that are triggered by fludioxonil in a TcsC/NikA-dependent manner, we observed similarities but also striking differences. Strains from seven Aspergillus species, including A. fumigatus and A. nidulans incorporated more chitin into their cell walls in response to fludioxonil. In contrast, fludioxonil treatment resulted in a shedding of surface accessible galactomannan and β-1,3-glucan in all Aspergillus strains tested except A. nidulans. Hence, the fludioxonil-induced activation of NikA results in a distinct and apparently A. nidulans-specific pattern of cell wall reorganizations that is not due to NikA itself, but its integration into the A. nidulans signaling network.
Observational signatures of outbursting protostars - I: From hydrodynamic simulations to observations
Authors: MacFarlane Benjamin , Stamatellos Dimitris , Johnstone Doug , Herczeg Gregory , Baek Giseon , Chen Huei-Ru Vivien , Kang Sung-Ju , Lee Jeong-Eun
Published: June 2019

Accretion onto protostars may occur in sharp bursts. Accretion bursts during the embedded phase of young protostars are probably most intense, but can only be inferred indirectly through long-wavelength observations. We perform radiative transfer calculations for young stellar objects (YSOs) formed in hydrodynamic simulations to predict the long wavelength, sub-mm and mm, flux responses to episodic accretion events, taking into account heating from the young protostar and from the interstellar radiation field. We find that the flux increase due to episodic accretion events is more prominent at sub-mm wavelengths than at mm wavelengths; e.g. a factor of ∼570 increase in the luminosity of the young protostar leads to a flux increase of a factor of 47 at 250 $\mu$m but only a factor of 10 at 1.3 mm. Heating from the interstellar radiation field may reduce further the flux increase observed at longer wavelengths. We find that during FU Ori-type outbursts the bolometric temperature and luminosity may incorrectly classify a source as a more evolved YSO due to a larger fraction of the radiation of the object being emitted at shorter wavelengths.
C iv black hole mass measurements with the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES)
Authors: Hoormann J K , Martini P , Davis T M , King A , Lidman C , Mudd D , Sharp R , Sommer N E , Tucker B E , Yu Z , Allam S , Asorey J , Avila S , Banerji M , Brooks D , Buckley-Geer E , Burke D L , Calcino J , Carnero Rosell A , Carollo D , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Castander F J , Childress M , De Vicente J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Doel P , Flaugher B , Fosalba P , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , Hoyle B , James D J , Krause E , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Lewis G F , Lima M , Macaulay E , Maia M A G , Menanteau F , Miller C J , Miquel R , Möller A , Plazas A A , Romer A K , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Scarpine V , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Smith R C , Soares-Santos M , Sobreira F , Suchyta E , Swann E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Uddin S A ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: June 2019

Black hole mass measurements outside the local Universe are critically important to derive the growth of supermassive black holes over cosmic time, and to study the interplay between black hole growth and galaxy evolution. In this paper, we present two measurements of supermassive black hole masses from reverberation mapping (RM) of the broad C iv emission line. These measurements are based on multiyear photometry and spectroscopy from the Dark Energy Survey Supernova Program (DES-SN) and the Australian Dark Energy Survey (OzDES), which together constitute the OzDES RM Program. The observed reverberation lag between the DES continuum photometry and the OzDES emission line fluxes is measured to be $358^{+126}_{-123}$ and $343^{+58}_{-84}$ d for two quasars at redshifts of 1.905 and 2.593, respectively. The corresponding masses of the two supermassive black holes are 4.4 × 109 and 3.3 × 109 M⊙, which are among the highest redshift and highest mass black holes measured to date with RM studies. We use these new measurements to better determine the C iv radius−luminosity relationship for high-luminosity quasars, which is fundamental to many quasar black hole mass estimates and demographic studies.
PS1-13cbe: the rapid transition of a Seyfert 2 to a Seyfert 1
Authors: Katebi Reza , Chornock Ryan , Berger Edo , Jones David O , Lunnan Ragnhild , Margutti Raffaella , Rest Armin , Scolnic Daniel M , Burgett William S , Kaiser Nick , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Magnier Eugene A , Wainscoat Richard J , Waters Christopher
Published: June 2019

We present a nuclear transient event, PS1-13cbe, that was first discovered in the Pan-STARRS1 survey in 2013. The outburst occurred in the nucleus of the galaxy SDSS J222153.87+003054.2 at z = 0.123 55, which was classified as a Seyfert 2 in a pre-outburst archival Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectrum. PS1-13cbe showed the appearance of strong broad H α and H β emission lines and a non-stellar continuum in a Magellan spectrum taken 57 d after the peak of the outburst that resembled the characteristics of a Seyfert 1. These broad lines were not present in the SDSS spectrum taken a decade earlier and faded away within 2 yr, as observed in several late-time MDM spectra. We argue that the dramatic appearance and disappearance of the broad lines and a factor of ∼8 increase in the optical continuum are most likely caused by variability in the pre-existing accretion disc than a tidal disruption event, supernova, or variable obscuration. The time-scale for the turn-on of the optical emission of ∼70 d observed in this transient is among the shortest observed in a ‘changing-look’ active galactic nucleus.
Handleyomys intectus (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Vargas Laura M , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E , Velazco Paúl M
Published: June 2019

Handleyomys intectus (Thomas, 1921) is a rodent commonly called the Colombian rice rat or white-footed Handley’s mouse. It is a dull brownish-gray to blackish small mouse with frosted ventral pelage and with dark gray and pure-white (or indistinctly pigmented) hairs over the dorsum of hindfeet. H. intectus is endemic to the Central Andes of Colombia and it is known from several localities between 1,500 and 2,800 m. It may be a common species along its distribution. Globally, it is considered “Least Concern” by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Bacterial Translocation and Host Immune Activation in Chronic Hepatitis C Infection
Authors: Moon Mi Sun , Quinn Gabriella , Townsend Elizabeth C , Ali Rabab O , Zhang Grace Y , Bradshaw Alyson , Hill Kareen , Guan Hannah , Hamilton Destanee , Kleiner David E , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo
Published: June 2019

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects 71 million individuals, and barriers to treatment remain. Bacterial translocation is a complication of chronic HCV infection, and this study evaluated circulating microbial components including lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, and β-D-glucan in addition to their pattern recognition receptors and degree of hepatic macrophage uptake. The findings suggest that regulation of serum peptidoglycan and β-D-glucan differs from that of lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, macrophage activation in the liver may be better reflected by the degree of macrophage uptake than by circulating levels of microbial markers. These findings allow for a greater understanding of bacterial translocation and host immune activation during HCV infection.
Successful Emergency Rescue Open Embolectomy for Failed Endovascular Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Chan David Yuen Chung , Tsang Anderson Chun On , Tsang Frederick Chun Pong , Li Lai Fung , Ho Wai Shing , Lui Wai Man , Leung Gilberto Ka Kit
Published: June 2019

This operative video demonstrates an open surgical thrombectomy for a 61-yr-old woman with failed endovascular embolectomy in acute ischemic stroke. Good functional outcome can be achieved when this operation is timely performed within the therapeutic window. This patient has atrial fibrillation. She was admitted for sudden onset of left-sided hemiplegia and aphasia. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 20/42 before the operation. Computed tomography (CT) cerebral angiogram showed right internal cerebral artery (ICA) occlusion from the cervical portion. Urgent intra-arterial (IA) thrombectomy was started 2 h after symptom onset, but failed despite the use of a stentriver and a large-bore aspiration catheter together. Emergency rescue open thrombectomy was performed with right pterional craniotomy 6 h after symptom onset. Sylvian fissure was dissected to expose the supraclinoid ICA, ICA bifurcation, A1, and M1. A transverse arteriotomy was made at the ICA bifurcation and open surgical thrombectomy was performed. Reperfusion was established in 86 min after skin incision. Intraoperative indocyanine green video-angiography showed patent flow over ICA bifurcation to M1 and A1. She had a good recovery with the return of the left-sided power and was discharged home. At 2-mo postoperative assessment, she was able to walk unaided independently. The modified Barthel Index (BI) was 74/100. Her activity of daily living was independent. We must emphasize IA thrombectomy is the standard treatment, and the role of open surgery remains a potential rescue procedure. Good functional outcome can be achieved when emergency rescue open thrombectomy is performed within the therapeutic window.
Understanding the Experience of Functional Abdominal Pain Through Written Narratives by Families
Authors: Nieto Rubén , Sora Beatriz , Boixadós Mercè , Ruiz Gemma
Published: June 2019

Objective

Although functional abdominal pain (FAP) is one of the most common pain problems in children, there is a lack of qualitative studies on this topic. Our aim was to increase knowledge in this field by testing an innovative written narrative methodology designed to approach the experiences of children with FAP and their parents.

Methods

We analyzed the FAP experiences of 39 families who completed a written narrative task (children and parents separately). Some of the families (N = 20) had previously completed an online psychosocial intervention, whereas others had not, because a complementary objective was to explore possible differences between parent and child narratives, and between those who had and had not completed the intervention.

Results

Families wrote about abdominal pain (characteristics, triggers, pain consequences, and coping strategies), their well-being, the diagnostic process, future expectations, and the positive effects of an online psychosocial intervention. Children tended to mention pain characteristics more, whereas parents tended to write more about triggers and the diagnostic process.

Conclusions

A written narrative methodology was found to be a useful approach for understanding families’ experiences. Results confirmed that FAP affects families at the emotional, behavioral, and social levels and that an online psychosocial intervention can help families.
The Limits of Lending? Banks and Technology Adoption across Russia
Authors: Bircan Çağatay , De Haas Ralph
Published: June 2019

We exploit historically determined variation in local credit markets to identify the impact of bank lending on innovation across Russian firms. We find that deeper credit markets increase firms’ use of bank credit, their adoption of new products and technologies, and their productivity growth. This relationship is more pronounced in industries farther from the technological frontier, more exposed to import competition, and that export more. These impacts are also stronger for firms near historical R&D centers or railways and in regions with supportive institutions. Consistent with these results, credit markets contribute to economic growth in such regions.

Authors have furnished a data set, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Over-the-Counter versus Limit-Order Markets: The Role of Traders’ Expertise
Authors: Glode Vincent , Opp Christian C
Published: June 2019

Over-the-counter (OTC) markets attract substantial trading volume despite exhibiting frictions absent in centralized limit-order markets. We compare the efficiency of OTC and limit-order markets when traders’ expertise is endogenous. We show that asymmetric access to counterparties in OTC markets yields increased rents from expertise acquisition for a few well-connected core traders. When the existence of gains to trade is uncertain, traders’ higher expertise in OTC markets can improve allocative efficiency. In contrast, when expertise primarily causes adverse selection, competitive limit-order markets tend to dominate. Our model provides guidance for policy makers and empiricists evaluating the efficiency of market structures.
Using photovoice to promote diabetes self-management in Latino patients
Authors: Baig Arshiya A , Stutz Matthew R , Fernandez Piñeros Patricia , Benitez Amanda , Gao Yue , Quinn Michael T , Solomon Marla C , Sanchez-Johnsen Lisa , Burnet Deborah L , Chin Marshall H ,   Little Village Community Advisory Board, Brazda Kathleen , Castañeda Dolores , Fulwiler Daniel , Hyatt Lisa , Muñoz Andrea , Oborski Donna
Published: June 2019

Photovoice is a promising educational tool that can be used to promote social support within group-based education programs for people with diabetes.
Ocean warming along temperate western boundaries of the Northern Hemisphere promotes an expansion of
Cochlodinium polykrikoides
blooms
Authors: Griffith Andrew W. , Doherty Owen M. , Gobler Christopher J.
Published: June 2019

Since the early 1990s, ocean temperatures have increased and blooms of the icthyotoxic dinoflagellate
Cochlodinium polykrikoides
(a.k.a.
Margalefidinium polykrikoides
) have become more widespread across the Northern Hemisphere. This study used high-resolution (1–30 km), satellite-based sea surface temperature records since 1982 to model trends in growth and bloom season length for strains of
C. polykrikoides
inhabiting North American and East Asian coastlines to understand how warming has altered blooms in these regions. Methods provided approximately 180× greater spatial resolution than previous studies of the impacts of warming on harmful algae, providing novel insight into near shore, coastal environments. Along the US East Coast, significant increases in potential growth rates and bloom season length for North American ribotypes were observed with bloom-favourable conditions becoming established earlier and persisting longer from Chesapeake Bay through Cape Cod, areas where blooms have become newly established and/or intensified this century. Within the Sea of Japan, modelled mean potential growth rates and bloom season length of East Asian ribotypes displayed a significant positive correlation with rising sea surface temperatures since 1982, a period during which observed maximal cell densities of
C. polykrikoides
blooms have significantly increased. Results suggest that warming has contributed, in part, to altering the phenology of
C. polykrikoides
populations, potentially expanding its realized niche in temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere.
Sexual antagonism drives the displacement of polymorphism across gene regulatory cascades
Authors: Hill Mark S. , Reuter Max , Stewart Alexander J.
Published: June 2019

Males and females have different reproductive roles and are often subject to contrasting selection pressures. This sexual antagonism can lead, at a given locus, to different alleles being favoured in each sex and, consequently, to genetic variation being maintained in a population. Although the presence of sexually antagonistic (SA) polymorphisms has been documented across a range of species, their evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood. Here, we study SA selection on gene expression, which is fundamental to sexual dimorphism, via the evolution of regulatory binding sites. We show that for sites longer than 1 nucleotide, expression polymorphism is maintained only when intermediate expression levels are deleterious to both sexes. We then show that, in a regulatory cascade, expression polymorphism tends to become displaced over evolutionary time from the target of SA selection to upstream regulators. Our results have consequences for understanding the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and provide specific empirical predictions for the regulatory architecture of genes under SA selection.
High-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to cumulative cultural evolution: a study in monkeys and children
Authors: Saldana Carmen , Fagot Joël , Kirby Simon , Smith Kenny , Claidière Nicolas
Published: June 2019

The unique cumulative nature of human culture has often been explained by high-fidelity copying mechanisms found only in human social learning. However, transmission chain experiments in human and non-human primates suggest that cumulative cultural evolution (CCE) might not necessarily depend on high-fidelity copying after all. In this study, we test whether defining properties of CCE can emerge in a non-copying task. We performed transmission chain experiments in Guinea baboons and human children where individuals observed and produced visual patterns composed of four squares on touchscreen devices. In order to be rewarded, participants had to avoid touching squares that were touched by a previous participant. In other words, they were rewarded for innovation rather than copying. Results nevertheless exhibited fundamental properties of CCE: an increase over generations in task performance and the emergence of systematic structure. However, these properties arose from different mechanisms across species: children, unlike baboons, converged in behaviour over generations by copying specific patterns in a different location, thus introducing alternative copying mechanisms into the non-copying task. In children, prior biases towards specific shapes led to convergence in behaviour across chains, while baboon chains showed signs of lineage specificity. We conclude that CCE can result from mechanisms with varying degrees of fidelity in transmission and thus that high-fidelity copying is not necessarily the key to CCE.
A natural point mutation in the bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 causes inverse agonism of arbutin in lemur gustation
Authors: Itoigawa Akihiro , Hayakawa Takashi , Suzuki-Hashido Nami , Imai Hiroo
Published: June 2019

Bitter taste enables the detection of potentially harmful substances and is mediated by bitter taste receptors, TAS2Rs, in vertebrates. Few antagonists and inverse agonists of TAS2Rs have been identified, especially natural compounds. TAS2R16s in humans, apes and Old World monkeys (Catarrhini, Anthropoidea) recognize β-glucoside analogues as specific agonists. Here, we investigated responses of TAS2R16 to β-glucosides in non-anthropoid primates, namely lemurs (Lemuriformes, Strepsirrhini). Salicin acted as an agonist on lemur TAS2R16. Arbutin acted as an agonist in the ring-tailed lemur (
Lemur catta
) but as an inverse agonist in black lemur (
Eulemur macaco
) and black-and-white ruffed lemur (
Varecia variegata
). We identified a strepsirrhine-specific amino acid substitution responsible for the inverse agonism of arbutin. In a food preference test, salicin bitterness was inhibited by arbutin in the black lemur. Structural modelling revealed this locus was important for a rearrangement of the intracellular end of transmembrane helix 7 (TM7). Accordingly, arbutin is the first known natural inverse agonist of TAS2Rs, contributing to our understanding of receptor–ligand interactions and the molecular basis of the unique feeding habit diversification in lemurs. Furthermore, the identification of a causal point mutation suggests that TAS2R can acquire functional changes according to feeding habits and environmental conditions.