bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of skill performance in terms of physical indicators in 14-year-old football players
Authors: Al Jaleel Abd Al Zahra Mahmood Abd , Hadi Ali Kadhim , Saad Ahmed Khattar
Published: May 2023

The primary objective of this study was to identify the reality of the physical fitness and skills among young football players in the Najaf Governorate and to find a predictive value for the physical and skills indicators for the selection of junior football players in Najaf Governorate. The researchers used the descriptive approach with two methods of interrelationships. The present study was conducted on the 14 years old players of football schools in Najaf Governorate in the year 2021. The study was conducted in the playgrounds of the football school in the center of Najaf Governorate (Iraq) within the timeframe from January 2021 to March 2021. A total of 40 14-year-old football players participated in the study. Based on the findings of this study, the researchers concluded that the physical fitness of the football players is directly and significantly related to their skill performance.
Habits Die Hard: The Semiotics of Wolf Management in Finland
Authors: Hiedanpää Juha
Published: May 2023

Finland has struggled to formulate and implement policies for the national grey wolf (Canis lupus) population. Institutional adjustments were undertaken to improve wolf protection and human–wolf coexistence, but the wolf population has decreased. This calls for an explanation. I will apply Charles S. Peirce’s concept of habits and his semiotic theory to understand why it so difficult to design and implement a workable wolf policy. I intertwine Peircean methodology with the ontology provided by ecological economics and the analytic epistemic tools by old (traditional) institutional economics. Institutions exist to serve human purposes, and the modification of institutional infrastructure affects how social-ecological functions can still bring absent features of policy and management into existence. I therefore explicate the semiotic interplay of policy signs, objects, and interpretants in wolf management adjustments and consequent outcomes. Finally, the difficulty of habit formation for coexistence will be discussed and policy advice given.
Peircean Perspectives on the Global Climate Change Controversy
Authors: Baker Victor R.
Published: May 2023

The global climate change controversy is arguably the most important problem currently facing humankind. It involves seemingly insurmountable, conflicting issues of economics, science, politics, and philosophy. This essay suggests that, on the pathway to modernity, a kind of “wrong turn” was taken in these disciplines, involving problematic presumptions about phenomenology, logic, and metaphysics. A possible correction for current disfunctions, notably in the relation of economics to the physical sciences and political action, may found in the semiotic and pragmatist perspectives of the scientist/logician/philosopher Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914).
A Critical Realist Theory of Money and Finance: Social Cognitive Semiotics as Metatheory
Authors: Oakley Todd
Published: May 2023

A nagging question for cognitive semiotics is, “What is the relationship between social structure and agency?” Answers to that question are as elusive as they are essential for explaining the social cognitive facets of meaningful interactions. Elusive in the sense that the social sciences have traditionally lacked ontological rigor in the investigation of social structures and their relationship to individuals. Indeed, the very idea of a social structure is a hotly contested ground. Critical in the sense that many participants within the cognitive semiotics programme aim to explain meaning-making as an emergent property of coordinated activities within normative institutions and organizations. This article aims to provide some measure of ontological rigor to social cognitive semiotics from a critical realist perspective as it applies to the semiotics of money and finance.
La sémiotique de l’économie politique : une sémiotique du pouvoir
Authors: Lamizet Bernard
Published: May 2023

C’est parce qu’elle suscite des procédures d’interprétation, et qu’elle s’inscrit, ainsi, dans le champ de la sémiotique, que l’économie constitue une des formes sémiotiques de la rationalité du politique. Cet article se fonde sur l’articulation de la sémiotique, de la logique politique et du lien entre politique et psychisme L’espace politique se fonde sur la rencontre entre les identités dont sont porteurs les acteurs qui se confrontent les uns aux autres, qui s’inscrivent dans l’échange, dans la monnaie, dans le change, qui en est une traduction, et dans une forme de méta-langage. La sémiotique de l’économie est une sémiotique politique, en ce que les politiques économiques sont des manifestations du pouvoir. La monnaie est une manifestation économique du pouvoir. L’institution de la monnaie et le remplacement du troc par l’échange manifestent la sémiotisation de l’économie. Forme de l’échange, la monnaie est comparable à la langue, à la fois parce que l’usage d’une monnaie dans un pays est lié au pouvoir qui l’impose et parce que la régulation de la monnaie et de ses usages, comme celle de la langue, est une des formes politiques de la domination d’un pouvoir sur l’économie. Mais c’est aussi sous la forme de la loi que la domination économique peut s’exercer et que l’économie se voit, ainsi, reconnaître sa dimension politique en termes sémiotiques. Enfin, si l’économie est politique, c’est parce qu’elle comporte une dimension d’imaginaire politique. En effet, de la même manière que, comme Lacan l’a montré, il importe d’articuler le psychisme autour de trois instances, le réel, le symbolique et l’imaginaire, il importe de définir ce que l’on peut appeler la dimension imaginaire de l’économie politique.
For What It’s Worth: Power of Symbols and Symbols of Power
Authors: Coulmas Florian
Published: May 2023

This short essay discusses a particular relationship between language and money. On the face of it (at face value?) the two are rather different; however, closer inspection shows them to have a number of similar properties, such as relying on mutual trust and being subject to a political regime. Accordingly, they also serve similar functions, which are explored here. The economy of language provides a framework for studying similarities and differences of these means of exchange. Particular attention is given to the power of language and the power of money.
Influence of Physical Exercise Program on Glycemic Status and Inflammatory Parameters in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hajrović Almedina , Erović Vranešić Adela , Alibegović Aldina , Pašalić Arzija , Mačak Hadžiomerović Amra , Bojičić Samir
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Physical activity has a positive effect on the regulation of diabetes mellitus and has been shown to have benefits in improving health. Aim: Examine the effects of physical activity on changes in glycemic parameters (glucose, HbA1C) and inflammatory parameters (leukocyte count (WBC), CRP) before and one month after the exercise program. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a prospective, analytical, and observational study. Results: T-test of paired samples assessed the impact of physical activity on glycemic and inflammatory parameters in subjects with confirmed Diabetes mellitus type 2 and in subjects without confirmed diabetes mellitus type 2. In subjects with confirmed diabetes the value of eta squared (ɳ2 - eta sqared) is 95%, which indicates a significant impact of physical activity on the change in glucose values and on the change of HbA1C value was indicated by the value of eta square of 93%. When it comes to inflammatory parameters, the impact of physical activity was found in the reduced number of WBC (ɳ2 = 88%), and in CRP (ɳ2 = 90%). In subjects without confirmed diabetes mellitus, a significant effect of physical activity on the change in glucose (ɳ2 = 94%) and HbA1C (ɳ2 = 77%). The influence of physical activity on the reduction of leukocyte count was proven by ɳ2 - eta sqared test (ɳ2 = 66%), as well as a decrease in CRP (ɳ2 = 30%). Conclusion: This study showed a significant impact of physical activity on the reduction of elevated glycemic and inflammatory parameters.
The Prevention of Life-Changing Injuries and Fatalities
Authors: Stanković Tijana , Rađenović Tamara , Živković Snežana
Published: May 2023

In the past two years, the Republic of Serbia has seen gains in workplace safety, particularly as regards total reported injuries. In 2020 there is a 22.63% drop in reported injuries compared to 2019, according to the Ministry of Labor, Employment, Social and Veterans Affairs Work Report for 2020 and 2019. Nonetheless, this trend should not overshadow another disturbing trend in the workplace – that the number of life-changing injuries and fatalities has been on a much slower regression. While it is encouraging that the total reported incident rate is decreasing, the next step for safety excellence and the one Serbian Ministry currently strives to achieve, is the elimination of life-changing injuries and fatalities in the workplace. The paper presents an overview of life-changing injury and fatality prevention and how it is addressed by using incident and near miss data. The presented analyses will add benefit to the prevention improvement of life-changing injuries and fatalities.
The locus coeruleus broadcasts prediction errors across the cortex to promote sensorimotor plasticity
Authors: Jordan Rebecca , Keller Georg B.
Published: May 2023

Prediction errors are differences between expected and actual sensory input and are thought to be key computational signals that drive learning related plasticity. One way that prediction errors could drive learning is by activating neuromodulatory systems to gate plasticity. The catecholaminergic locus coeruleus (LC) is a major neuromodulatory system involved in neuronal plasticity in the cortex. Using two-photon calcium imaging in mice exploring a virtual environment, we found that the activity of LC axons in the cortex correlated with the magnitude of unsigned visuomotor prediction errors. LC response profiles were similar in both motor and visual cortical areas, indicating that LC axons broadcast prediction errors throughout the dorsal cortex. While imaging calcium activity in layer 2/3 of the primary visual cortex, we found that optogenetic stimulation of LC axons facilitated learning of a stimulus-specific suppression of visual responses during locomotion. This plasticity – induced by minutes of LC stimulation – recapitulated the effect of visuomotor learning on a scale that is normally observed during visuomotor development across days. We conclude that prediction errors drive LC activity, and that LC activity facilitates sensorimotor plasticity in the cortex, consistent with a role in modulating learning rates.
VO2max prediction based on submaximal cardiorespiratory relationships and body composition in male runners and cyclists: a population study
Authors: Wiecha Szczepan , Kasiak Przemysław Seweryn , Szwed Piotr , Kowalski Tomasz , Cieśliński Igor , Postuła Marek , Klusiewicz Andrzej
Published: May 2023

Background:

Oxygen uptake (VO2) is one of the most important measures of fitness and critical vital sign. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable method of assessing fitness in sport and clinical settings. There is a lack of large studies on athletic populations to predict VO2maxusing somatic or submaximal CPET variables. Thus, this study aimed to: (1) derive prediction models for maximal VO2(VO2max) based on submaximal exercise variables at anaerobic threshold (AT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP) or only somatic and (2) internally validate provided equations.

Methods:

Four thousand four hundred twenty-four male endurance athletes (EA) underwent maximal symptom-limited CPET on a treadmill (n=3330) or cycle ergometer (n=1094). The cohort was randomly divided between: variables selection (nrunners= 1998; ncyclist= 656), model building (nrunners= 666; ncyclist= 219), and validation (nrunners= 666; ncyclist= 219). Random forest was used to select the most significant variables. Models were derived and internally validated with multiple linear regression.

Results:

Runners were 36.24±8.45 years; BMI = 23.94 ± 2.43 kg·m−2; VO2max=53.81±6.67 mL·min−1·kg−1. Cyclists were 37.33±9.13 years; BMI = 24.34 ± 2.63 kg·m−2; VO2max=51.74±7.99 mL·min−1·kg−1. VO2at AT and RCP were the most contributing variables to exercise equations. Body mass and body fat had the highest impact on the somatic equation. Model performance for VO2maxbased on variables at AT was R2=0.81, at RCP was R2=0.91, at AT and RCP was R2=0.91 and for somatic-only was R2=0.43.

Conclusions:

Derived prediction models were highly accurate and fairly replicable. Formulae allow for precise estimation of VO2maxbased on submaximal exercise performance or somatic variables. Presented models are applicable for sport and clinical settling. They are a valuable supplementary method for fitness practitioners to adjust individualised training recommendations.

Funding:

No external funding was received for this work.
The differentiation and integration of the hippocampal dorsoventral axis are controlled by two nuclear receptor genes
Authors: Yang Xiong , Wan Rong , Liu Zhiwen , Feng Su , Yang Jiaxin , Jing Naihe , Tang Ke
Published: May 2023

The hippocampus executes imperative functions from declarative memory to adaptive behaviors associated with cognition and emotion. However, the mechanisms of how morphogenesis and functions along the hippocampal dorsoventral axis are differentiated and integrated are still largely unclear. Here, we show that
COUP-TFI
and
-TFII
genes are distinctively expressed in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, respectively. The loss of
COUP-TFII
results in ectopic CA1/CA3 domains in the ventral hippocampus. The deficiency of
COUP-TFI
leads to the failed specification of dorsal CA1, among which there are place cells. The deletion of both
COUP-TF
genes causes almost agenesis of the hippocampus with abnormalities of trisynaptic circuit and adult neurogenesis. Moreover,
COUP-TFI
/
-TFII
may cooperate to guarantee appropriate morphogenesis and function of the hippocampus by regulating the
Lhx5-Lhx2
axis. Our findings revealed a novel mechanism that
COUP-TFI
and
COUP-TFII
converge to govern the differentiation and integration of distinct characteristics of the hippocampus in mice.
Leveraging genetic diversity to identify small molecules that reverse mouse skeletal muscle insulin resistance
Authors: Masson Stewart W.C. , Madsen Søren , Cooke Kristen C. , Potter Meg , Diaz-Vegas Alexis , Carroll Luke , Thillainadesan Senthil , Walder Ken , Cooney Gregory J. , Morahan Grant , Stöckli Jacqueline , James David E.
Published: May 2023

Systems genetics has begun to tackle the complexity of insulin resistance by capitalising on computational advances to study high-diversity populations. “Diversity Outbred in Australia (DOz)” is a population of genetically unique mice with profound metabolic heterogeneity. We leveraged this variance to explore skeletal muscle’s contribution to whole-body insulin action through metabolic phenotyping and skeletal muscle proteomics of 215 DOz mice. Linear modelling identified 553 proteins that associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda Index) including regulators of endocytosis and muscle proteostasis. To enrich for causality, we refined this network by focussing on negatively associated, genetically regulated proteins, resulting in a 76-protein fingerprint of insulin resistance. We sought to perturb this network and restore insulin action with small molecules by integrating the Broad Institute Connectivity Map platform and
in vitro
assays of insulin action using the Prestwick chemical library. These complimentary approaches identified the antibiotic thiostrepton as an insulin resistance reversal agent. Subsequent validation in
ex vivo
insulin resistant mouse muscle, and palmitate induced insulin resistant myotubes demonstrated potent insulin action restoration, potentially via up-regulation of glycolysis. This work demonstrates the value of a drug-centric framework to validate systems level analysis by identifying potential therapeutics for insulin resistance.
A cleaved METTL3 potentiates the METTL3-WTAP interaction and breast cancer progression
Authors: Yan Chaojun , Xiong Jingjing , Zhou Zirui , Li Qifang , Gao Chuan , Zhang Mengyao , Yu Liya , Li Jinpeng , Hu Ming-Ming , Zhang Chen-Song , Cai Cheguo , Zhang Haojian , Zhang Jing
Published: May 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNA by the methyltransferase complex (MTC), with core components including METTL3-METTL14 heterodimers and Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), contributes to breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify a novel cleaved form METTL3a (residues 239-580 of METTL3). We find that METTL3a is required for the METTL3-WTAP interaction, RNA m6A deposition, as well as cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we find that METTL3a is essential for the METTL3-METTL3 interaction, which is a prerequisite step for recruitment of WTAP in MTC. Analysis of m6A sequencing data shows that depletion of METTL3a globally disrupts m6A deposition, and METTL3a mediates mTOR activation via m6A-mediated suppression of TMEM127 expression. Moreover, we find that METTL3 cleavage is mediated by proteasome in an mTOR-dependent manner, revealing positive regulatory feedback between METTL3a and mTOR signaling. Our findings reveal METTL3a as an important component of MTC, and suggest the METTL3a-mTOR axis as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Recognition of maize seed varieties based on hyperspectral imaging technology and integrated learning algorithms
Authors: Yang Huan , Wang Cheng , Zhang Han , Zhou Ya’nan , Luo Bin
Published: May 2023

Purity is an important factor of maize seed quality that affects yield, and traditional seed purity identification methods are costly or time-consuming. To achieve rapid and accurate detection of the purity of maize seeds, a method for identifying maize seed varieties, using random subspace integrated learning and hyperspectral imaging technology, was proposed. A hyperspectral image of the maize seed endosperm was collected to obtain a spectral image cube with a wavelength range of 400∼1,000 nm. Methods, including Standard Normal Variate (SNV), multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), and Savitzky–Golay First Derivative (SG1) were used to preprocess raw spectral data. Iteratively retains informative variables (IRIV) and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) were used to reduce the dimensions of the spectral data. A recognition model of maize seed varieties was established using k-nearest neighbor (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), line discrimination analysis (LDA) and decision tree (DT). Among the preprocessing methods, MSC has the best effect. Among the dimensionality reduction methods, IRIV has the best performance. Among the base classifiers, LDA had the highest precision. To improve the precision in identifying maize seed varieties, LDA was used as the base classifier to establish a random subspace ensemble learning (RSEL) model. Using MSC-IRIV-RSEL, precision increased from 0.9333 to 0.9556, and the Kappa coefficient increased from 0.9174 to 0.9457. This study shows that the method based on hyperspectral imaging technology combined with subspace ensemble learning algorithm is a new method for maize seed purity recognition.
Marco normativo para aplicaciones digitales en salud en la Argentina: Una necesidad a resolver
Authors: De la Paz Lascano María
Published: May 2023

Frente a la pandemia de COVID-19, varios países implementaron el uso deaplicaciones digitales en salud con el fin de garantizar la atención y seguimiento de las perso -nas, el rastreo de contactos que contribuya a disminuir la transmisión del virus y de esta ma -nera poder dar una respuesta a la sociedad frente al avance del mismo. La Argentina no fuela excepción y desarrolló e implementó la aplicación Cuidar, como una medida que comple -menta y asiste las políticas de prevención y cuidado de la población. El uso de dicha aplica -ción, en algunos supuestos obligatorio, genera un gran caudal de datos relativos a la salud, esdecir, datos personales y sensibles de los usuarios, los cuales, según el marco normativo vigen-te, merecen una protección especial por parte del Estado. Frente a esto, se plantea la necesi -dad de analizar si dicho marco normativo resulta suficiente para resguardar la privacidad, in-tegridad y confidencialidad de los datos obtenidos mediante el uso de una aplicación digitalen salud o si, por el contrario, no sería esta una oportunidad para que el Estado implementeun marco jurídico y reglamentario que regule el uso y funcionamiento de las aplicacionesdigitales en salud, de manera tal que la sociedad argentina pueda valerse de los beneficios deluso de la tecnología de la información sin que sus derechos sean vulnerados.
El Congreso Nacional y la interpretación constitucional en el proceso legislativo: criterios y momentos
Authors: Lovera Parmo Domingo Andrés , Vargas Maldonado Catalina Andrea
Published: May 2023

El Congreso Nacional es una de las cabezas fundamentales del poder legislativo.En ejercicio de sus funciones aplica e interpreta la Constitución. Por razones que se expli-carán en este trabajo, ese rol del Congreso Nacional en tanto intérprete de la Constituciónaparece tratado por la doctrina solo secundariamente, prestando mucha más atención al rolde los tribunales. Este trabajo quiere comenzar a completar ese vacío. Para ello, ofrece loscriterios que deberían guiar la indagación de la labor interpretativa constitucional del Con-greso Nacional durante el proceso legislativo, identificando los momentos de ese proceso quesatisfacen esos criterios. Ello debiera comenzar a pavimentar el camino para reivindicar ladignidad de la ley en tanto lectura de la Constitución, de cara a la más extensa literatura quese centra en tribunales, sentencias y jurisprudencia.
Interpretación restrictiva de las exenciones tributarias: una propuesta de análisis
Authors: García Yzaguirre Víctor , Osorio Morales Hugo
Published: May 2023

El artículo propone un análisis teórico de la forma de entender la interpretación de las exenciones tributarias dirigida a clarificar las vacilaciones jurisprudenciales y doctrinales en la materia. En primer lugar, se discute lo que los tributaristas suelen entender tanto por interpretación restrictiva como por exenciones tributarias. En segundo lugar, se ofrece una noción de excepción tributaria utilizando la teoría de las normas. Se concluye que tanto la identificación de las exenciones tributarias como la tesis de su interpretación restrictiva, son producto de haber tomado decisiones valorativas.
Strategies and Challenges of Universal Health Coverage in Somalia
Authors: Abdullahi Abdirahman Mohamed
Published: May 2023

Aims: Universal health coverage (UHC), means making sure everyone can afford the medical attention they need. UHC rests on the foundation of people having access to primary healthcare that is both inexpensive and of high quality. Somalia's health care system is among the world's worst, and its universal health care ranking is one of the lowest. The Somali health care framework remains powerless, under-resourced, and inequitable. A few 3.2 million women and men in Somalia need emergency health services. The aim of this research is to determine strategies and challenges of universal health coverage in Somalia.

Methods: We conducted on review on published articles and grey literature carried out in Somalia. A total of 10 studies and documents met our inclusion criteria. We included studies studied universal health coverage, universal health coverage financing, health system strengthening and health system.

Conclusion: Conclusively, strategies on achieving universal health coverage were limited on advancing UHC by accelerating primary health care led recovery, promote healthier population, and address emergencies and disease outbreaks, while poor health workers, limited provision of drugs and other medical supplies, insecurity and cost of delivering were the most challenges reported in achieving universal health coverage in Somalia.
An Assessment of the Effect of Pollution on Zooplanktons in Calabar Great Kwa River, Nigeria
Authors: Ekpo Paul B. , Agu Reuben C. , Osondu-Anyanwu Chinyere , Nwachukwu Augusta A. , Nkang Nkoyo A. , Ekpo Inyang P.
Published: May 2023

Aim: Zooplanktons in the Calabar Great Kwa River were studied to assess the effect of pollution from human activities around the river on their respective abundance.

Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected at the Esuk Atu and Esuk Atimbo stations of the Calabar Great Kwa River. Identification of Zooplanktons was carried out at the Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.

Methodology: Collected samples were preserved, transferred to the laboratory, identified using a dissecting microscope and classified according to their different taxonomical groups.

Results: The Results showed that zooplankton abundance and distribution recorded in the stations were low due to pollution and interference from high human activities around the river such as domestic solid wastes, sewage waste waters, industrial effluents, pesticides, sand mining activities, hydrocarbons and other toxic substances. In Esuk Atu, the total abundance of zooplanktons in the periods of sampling were 12, 6, 3 and 11, while the numbers of taxa represented in the periods of sampling were 4, 3, 1 and 4. In Esuk Atimbo, the total abundance of zooplanktons in the periods of sampling were 7, 5, 9 and 10 while the numbers of taxa represented in the periods of sampling were 3, 3, 3 and 2. The zooplankton taxa identified in station 1(Esuk Atu) are Cladoceran (38%), Ostracoda (22%), Copepoda (19%), Rotifera (12%), Lepidoptera (6%) and Protozoa (3%). The zooplankton taxa identified in station 2 (Esuk Atimbo) are Copepoda (26%), Cladoceran (23%), Nemata (23%), Lepidoptera (16%), Rotifera (6%), Polycheata (3%) and Paguridae (3%).

Conclusion: These findings necessitate the need for the regulation and control of pollution from human activities around the Calabar Great Kwa River so as to ensure that the river is free from harmful contaminants thereby preserving the zooplanktons and other relevant organisms.
Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Respiration and Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Scandalis Lina , Kitzman Dalane W. , Nicklas Barbara J. , Lyles Mary , Brubaker Peter , Nelson M. Benjamin , Gordon Michelle , Stone John , Bergstrom Jaclyn , Neufer P. Darrell , Gnaiger Erich , Molina Anthony J. A.
Published: May 2023

Importance

The pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remains incompletely understood. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that abnormal skeletal muscle metabolism is a key contributor, but the mechanisms underlying metabolic dysfunction remain unresolved.

Objective

To evaluate the associations of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function using respirometric analysis of biopsied muscle fiber bundles from patients with HFpEF with exercise performance.

Design, Setting, and Participants

In this cross-sectional study, muscle fiber bundles prepared from fresh vastus lateralis biopsies were analyzed by high-resolution respirometry to provide detailed analyses of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, including maximal capacity and the individual contributions of complex I–linked and complex II-linked respiration. These bioenergetic data were compared between patients with stable chronic HFpEF older than 60 years and age-matched healthy control (HC) participants and analyzed for intergroup differences and associations with exercise performance. All participants were treated at a university referral center, were clinically stable, and were not undergoing regular exercise or diet programs. Data were collected from March 2016 to December 2017, and data were analyzed from November 2020 to May 2021.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, including maximal capacity and respiration linked to complex I and complex II. Exercise performance was assessed by peak exercise oxygen consumption, 6-minute walk distance, and the Short Physical Performance Battery.

Results

Of 72 included patients, 50 (69%) were women, and the mean (SD) age was 69.6 (6.1) years. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial function measures were all markedly lower in skeletal muscle fibers obtained from patients with HFpEF compared with HCs, even when adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index. Maximal capacity was strongly and significantly correlated with peak exercise oxygen consumption (R = 0.69; P < .001), 6-minute walk distance (R = 0.70; P < .001), and Short Physical Performance Battery score (R = 0.46; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, patients with HFpEF had marked abnormalities in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. Severely reduced maximal capacity and complex I–linked and complex II–linked respiration were associated with exercise intolerance and represent promising therapeutic targets.
Treatment of Netherton Syndrome With Abrocitinib
Authors: Zheng Chun-Chan , Chen Xiao-Xuan , Zou Rui-Tao , Cai Gui-Yue , Chen Rong-Yi
Published: May 2023

This case report describes a 28-year-old woman with Netherton syndrome who had large erythematous migratory patches with serpiginous double-edged scales on her face, neck, trunk, and extremities.
Evaluation of Socioeconomic Position and Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Korea Using Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Choi Dong Hyun , Ro Young Sun , Park Jeong Ho , Lee Sun Young , Hong Ki Jeong , Song Kyoung Jun , Shin Sang Do
Published: May 2023

Importance

The association between low socioeconomic position (SEP) and poor survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objectives

To evaluate the association between individual SEP and survival after OHCA and to identify any mediating pathways using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This is a retrospective cohort study that used data collected from January 2013 to December 2019. Participants were adults with OHCA with a presumed cardiac etiology. The study was conducted in Korea, which has a universal health insurance system. Data were analyzed from January 2022 to February 2023.

Exposures

Individual SEP was measured by insurance type (National Health Insurance [NHI] and medical aid [MA]) and premiums. SEP was categorized into 5 groups, in which NHI beneficiaries were divided into quartiles (Q1, highest quartile; Q4, lowest quartile), and MA was the lowest SEP group.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was survival to discharge. The association between SEP and OHCA survival was examined using multivariable logistic regression, and mediating factors were identified using SEM.

Results

A total of 121 516 patients (median [IQR] age, 73 [60-81] years; 43 912 [36.1%] female patients) were included. Compared with the NHI Q1 group, individuals with lower SEP had lower odds of survival to discharge. The adjusted odds ratios of survival to discharge were 0.97 (95% CI, 0.94-1.00), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.88-0.94), and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.50-0.56) for the NHI Q2, NHI Q3, NHI Q4, and MA groups, respectively. Several factors were found to mediate the association of SEP and survival in the total study population, with mediating proportions of 15.1% (95% CI, 11.8%-18.4%) for witnessed status, 4.8% (95% CI, 3.5%-6.0%) for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation provision, 41.8% (95% CI, 35.4%-48.1%) for initial rhythm, and 9.4% (95% CI, 7.4%-11.4%) for emergency department level. Among patients who survived to hospital admission, the mediation proportions were 11.8% (95% CI, 6.7%-16.9%) for witnessed status, 3.7% (95% CI, 1.3%-6.1%) for bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation provision, 56.2% (95% CI, 41.0%-71.4%) for initial rhythm, 10.7% (95% CI, 6.1%-15.3%) for emergency department level, 20.2% (95% CI, 14.0%-26.5%) for coronary angiography, and 4.2% (95% CI, 2.2%-6.1%) for targeted temperature management.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of patients with OHCA, lower individual SEP was significantly associated with lower survival to discharge. Potentially modifiable mediators can be targeted for public health interventions to reduce disparities in survival among patients with OHCA of different SEP.
Viewing Psychiatric Epidemiology Within a Global Historical Framework to Shape Future Practice
Authors: Lovell Anne M. , Oppenheimer Gerald M. , Susser Ezra
Published: May 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the benefits of rethinking the history of psychiatric epidemiology from a global perspective.
Assessment of Disruptive Life Events for Individuals Diagnosed With Schizophrenia or Bipolar I Disorder Using Data From a Consumer Credit Reporting Agency
Authors: Nau Claudia L. , Braciszewski Jordan M. , Rossom Rebecca C. , Penfold Robert B. , Coleman Karen J. , Simon Gregory E. , Hong Benjamin , Padilla Ariadna , Butler Rebecca K. , Chen Aiyu , Waters Heidi C.
Published: May 2023

Importance

There is a dearth of population-level data on major disruptive life events (defined here as arrests by a legal authority, address changes, bankruptcy, lien, and judgment filings) for patients with bipolar I disorder (BPI) or schizophrenia, which has limited studies on mental health and treatment outcomes.

Objective

To conduct a population-level study on disruptive life events by using publicly available data on disruptive life events, aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency in conjunction with electronic health record (EHR) data.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This study used EHR data from 2 large, integrated health care systems, Kaiser Permanente Southern California and Henry Ford Health. Cohorts of patients diagnosed from 2007 to 2019 with BPI or schizophrenia were matched 1:1 by age at analysis, age at diagnosis (if applicable), sex, race and ethnicity, and Medicaid status to (1) an active comparison group with diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD) and (2) a general health (GH) cohort without diagnoses of BPI, schizophrenia, or MDD. Patients with diagnoses of BPI or schizophrenia and their respective comparison cohorts were matched to public records data aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency (98% match rate). Analysis took place between November 2020 and December 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The differences in the occurrence of disruptive life events among patients with BPI or schizophrenia and their comparison groups.

Results

Of 46 167 patients, 30 008 (65%) had BPI (mean [SD] age, 42.6 [14.2] years) and 16 159 (35%) had schizophrenia (mean [SD], 41.4 [15.1] years). The majoriy of patients were White (30 167 [65%]). In addition, 18 500 patients with BPI (62%) and 6552 patients with schizophrenia (41%) were female. Patients with BPI were more likely to change addresses than patients in either comparison cohort (with the incidence ratio being as high as 1.25 [95% CI, 1.23-1.28]) when compared with GH cohort. Patients with BPI were also more likely to experience any of the financial disruptive life events with odds ratio ranging from 1.15 [95% CI, 1.07-1.24] to 1.50 [95% CI, 1.42-1.58]). The largest differences in disruptive life events were seen in arrests of patients with either BPI or schizophrenia compared with GH peers (3.27 [95% CI, 2.84-3.78] and 3.04 [95% CI, 2.57-3.59], respectively). Patients with schizophrenia had fewer address changes and were less likely to experience a financial event than their matched comparison cohorts.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study demonstrated that data aggregated by a consumer credit reporting agency can support population-level studies on disruptive life events among patients with BPI or schizophrenia.
ADRC‐based optimized control system for wind turbine power generator
Authors: Liu Mingyu
Published: May 2023

As a renewable and clean energy source, wind energy can be converted into electricity by wind turbines. Currently, it is challenging to suppress the edgewise vibration of the wind turbine blades to improve the efficiency and service life of wind turbines. In this paper, active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)is applied to vibration suppression at the blade edge of wind turbines. First, the proposed system is mathematically modeled and analyzed in the frequency domain. Second, the ADRC is designed for the proposed system. Then, time domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, and uncertainty analysis of the closed‐loop system were carried out. It has been shown that the proposed controller has 12.2% less overshoot and 55.8% less setting time when subjected to perturbations than the PID controller. And the proposed controller has 33.9% less overshoot and 55.9% less setting time when subjected to perturbations than the SMC. Furthermore, the resonance frequency range of the proposed controller has been effectively reduced, and the peak resonance has been reduced by 41.7%. This reflects that the ADRC has a significant vibration suppression effect on blade edgewise vibrations compared with PID controllers and SMC.
Network security risk detection method for smart microgrid monitoring system
Authors: Wu Xiao , Yang Yueping , Fan Xuefeng , Yu Yanhan , Wu Yingyan
Published: May 2023

Although the smart microgrid improves the power quality of the power system, it still has some security risks. So, this paper proposes a network security risk detection method of an intelligent microgrid monitoring system based on the artificial immune algorithm. By analyzing the structure of a smart microgrid monitoring system and introducing Policy Protection Detection Response (P2DR) dynamic network security model and ale static network security analysis method, the network security risk of the microgrid monitoring system is evaluated. The theoretical model is analyzed by the overall framework of the artificial immune algorithm, and its term definition is given. The mutation self is detected by self‐dynamic description and immune cell evolution process with the network structure brought into and the risk of the computing network facing different attack subjects is analyzed. This method has a high detection accuracy for more than 10 kinds of network attack modes, the highest detection accuracy is 98%, and the average time is only 0.8 s. Compared with other methods, this method has higher detection accuracy and faster detection speed. It is universal in various network attack modes and can detect the possible network security risks of the intelligent microgrid monitoring system and protect its safe and stable operation.
Bi‐Chiral Nanostructures Featuring Dynamic Optical Rotatory Dispersion for Polychromatic Light Multiplexing
Authors: Liu Si‐Jia , Zhu Lin , Zhang Yi‐Heng , Chen Wen , Zhu Dong , Chen Peng , Lu Yan‐Qing
Published: May 2023

Chiral nanostructures featuring the unique optical activity have attracted broad interests from scientists. The typical polarization rotation of transmitted light is usually wavelength dependent, namely the optical rotatory dispersion. However, its dynamic tunability and intriguing collaboration with other optical degrees of freedom, especially the highly desired spatial phase, remain elusive. Herein, a bi‐chiral liquid crystalline nanostructure is proposed to induce an effect called reflective optical rotatory dispersion. Thanks to the independent manipulation of opposite‐handed self‐assembled helices, spin‐decoupled geometric phases are induced simultaneously. These naturally unite multi‐dimensions of light and versatile stimuli‐responsiveness of soft matter. Dynamic holography driven by heat and electric field is demonstrated with a fast response. For polychromatic light, the hybrid multiplexed holographic painting is exhibited with fruitful tunable colors. This study extends the ingenious construction of soft chiral superstructures, presents an open‐ended strategy for on‐demand light control, and enlightens advanced applications of display, optical computing, and communication.
Nonafluorobutane‐1‐Sulfonic Acid Induced Local High Concentration Additive Interface for Robust SEI Formation of High‐Voltage (5 V‐Class) Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Zhou Jinqiu , Hao Baojiu , Peng Mingji , Zhang Lifang , Ji Haoqing , Liu Jie , Ling Wenbin , Yan Chenglin , Qian Tao
Published: May 2023

To optimize anode and cathode degradation issues in high‐voltage (5 V‐class) lithium metal batteries (LMBs), robust solid–electrolyte interfaces (SEI) on the surface of both anode and cathode are highly desired. Here, a nonafluorobutane‐1‐sulfonic acid (NFSA) additive is introduced to assist in the formation of the more stable and robust SEI to protect both anode and cathode. Typically, local high concentrations of lithium nonafluorobutane‐1‐sulfonate (NFSALi) and nonafluorobutane‐1‐sulfonate anion (NFSA−) could be achieved at the surface of anode and cathode respectively, through spontaneous chemical processes. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy of NFSALi is lower and the highest occupied molecular orbital (energy of NFSA− is higher than electrolyte solvents. Thus, conformal and dense SEI passivation films are generated on the surface of both anode and cathode derived from electrochemical decomposition of NFSALi and NFSA−, respectively. Consequently, stable operation of Li metal anode and high‐voltage cathode are realized. The LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4(LNMO)//Li LMBs with NFSA‐containing electrolyte show great cycling stability with 93% capacity retention after 400 cycles and more stable Coulombic efficiency. This work specifies the double functions of NFSA as an interfacial layer forming additive to solve the degradation problems of high‐voltage (5 V‐class) LMBs, enabling high‐energy LMBs with significantly improved battery performance.
Report of new variants in PPIL1 underlying type 14 pontocerebellar hypoplasia and their associated phenotypic manifestations in two fetuses
Authors: Zhang Yuxin , Yan Lulu , Xie Min , Xue Jiangyang , Yang Xumian , Xue Yongming , Tian Liyun , Li Haibo
Published: May 2023

Mutations in the PPIL1 gene have been linked to type 14 pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH14); however, prenatal clinical characteristics of PCH14 caused by mutations in the PPIL1 gene have not been reported. This study reports the first prenatal case of PCH14 diagnosed by whole‐exome sequencing (WES). Two fetuses with severe microcephaly and cerebral dysplasia, along with their parents, underwent WES. The effects of the discovered PPIL1 variants on PPIL1 protein function were investigated using bioinformatics tools. WES revealed two compound heterozygous missense mutations in PPIL1, c.376C > G (p.His126Asp) and c.392G > T (p.Arg131Leu), inherited from the mother and father, respectively. The co‐segregation of PPIL1 mutations in this family was confirmed using Sanger sequencing, identifying two PCH14‐affected fetuses. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these mutations could disrupt the formation of hydrogen bonds, altering the structural stability of the PPIL1 protein. This study is the first to define the clinical characteristics of PCH14 during pregnancy and reports a novel heterozygous missense variant, expanding the PCH14‐related mutational spectrum of PPIL1.
The Effect of the Axle End Structure and Number of Through‐Space Bonds on the Properties of Rotaxane Crosslinked Polymers
Authors: Akae Yosuke , Sawada Jun , Nakajima Ken , Takata Toshikazu
Published: May 2023

A rotaxane crosslinker (RC) is known to toughen the resulting rotaxane crosslinked polymer (RCP) via a stress dispersion effect that is attributed to the movable nature of the crosslinking structure. To evaluate this toughening mechanism in detail, a series of structure‐definite RCs equipped with different axle end structures or different numbers of wheel components were synthesized, and subjected to free radical polymerization with a vinyl monomer to obtain RCPs. Analyses of the obtained RCPs revealed that the size of the axle end structure should be well‐balanced to produce a strong toughening effect, and a [3]rotaxane crosslinker works more effectively than [2]rotaxane to toughen RCPs. The mobility of the crosslinking points, in terms of rotational and flipping movements, was more crucial to toughening the RCP than that of translational movement along the axle. The first observation of the above crucial findings proved the utility of the systematic molecular design used in this study.
Sulfur Poisoning and Self‐Recovery of Single‐Site Rh1/Porous Organic Polymer Catalysts for Olefin Hydroformylation
Authors: Feng Siquan , Jiang Miao , Song Xiangen , Qiao Panzhe , Yan Li , Cai Yutong , Li Bin , Li Cunyao , Ning lili , Liu Siyue , Zhang Weiqing , Wu Guorong , Yang Jiayue , Dong Wenrui , Yang Xueming , Jiang Zheng , Ding Yunjie
Published: May 2023

Sulfur poisoning and regeneration are global challenges for metal catalysts even at the ppm level. The sulfur poisoning of single‐metal‐site catalysts and their regeneration is worthy of further study. Herein, sulfur poisoning and self‐recovery are first presented on an industrialized single‐Rh‐site catalyst (Rh1/POPs). A decreased turnover frequency of Rh1/POPs from 4317 h−1 to 318 h−1 was observed in a 1000 ppm H2S co‐feed for ethylene hydroformylation, but it self‐recovered to 4527 h−1 after withdrawal of H2S, whereas the rhodium nanoparticles demonstrated poor activity and self‐recovery ability. H2S reduced the charge density of the single Rh atom and lowered its Gibbs free energy with the formation of inactive (SH)Rh(CO)(PPh3‐frame)2, which could be regenerated to active HRh(CO)(PPh3‐frame)2 after withdrawing H2S. The mechanism and the sulfur‐related structure–activity relationship were highlighted. This work provides an understanding of heterogeneous ethylene hydroformylation and sulfur‐poisoned regeneration in the science of single‐atom catalysts.
Accelerated weathering of furanoate polyesters: Effect of molecular weight, crystallinity, and time
Authors: Maaskant Evelien , Aarsen Celine V. , van Es Daan S.
Published: May 2023

Films of poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) and poly(neopentyl furanoate) (PNF) of different molecular weights were artificially weathered in a Q‐SUN test chamber for up to 500 h. The chemical and physical changes of the films have been evaluated with a wide range of techniques. All films, independent of molecular weight or crystallinity, show evidence of partial cross‐linking and the formation of new carbonyl species. Furthermore, all irradiated films show changes in thermal properties and crystallization behavior. The extent of degradation was higher for the amorphous films as compared to their semi‐crystalline counterparts, suggesting that UV degradation predominantly occurs in the amorphous phase. The apparent higher UV‐sensitivity of PNF, as compared to PEF, suggests that the nature of the diol, and the resulting polymer properties, affects the UV‐stability of the polymer. Nevertheless, comparison with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) shows that the different electronic structure and properties of the furan ring are the most likely cause of the observed UV‐instability.