bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Denudation and Weathering Rates of Carbonate Landscapes From Meteoric 10Be/9Be Ratios
Authors: Wittmann H. , Bouchez J. , Calmels D. , Gaillardet J. , Frick D. A. , Stroncik N. ,   ASTER Team, von Blanckenburg F.
Published: September 2024

Knowledge of the rates of carbonate rock denudation, the relative apportionment of chemical weathering versus physical erosion, and their sensitivity to climate, vegetation, and tectonics is essential for disclosing feedbacks within the carbon cycle and the functioning of karst landscapes that supply important services to humans. Currently, however, for carbonate lithologies, no method exists that allows to simultaneously partition denudation into erosion and weathering fluxes at spatial scales ranging from soil to watersheds. To determine total denudation rates in carbonate landscapes from an individual soil or river sample, we adapted a published framework that combines cosmogenic meteoric 10Be as an atmospheric flux tracer with stable 9Be that is released from rocks by weathering, to the limestone‐dominated French Jura Mountains. By analyzing water, soil, sediment, travertine, and bedrock for 10Be/9Be, major and trace elements, carbon stable isotopes and radiogenic strontium, we quantified contributions of Be from primary versus secondary carbonate phases and its release during weathering from carbonate bedrock versus silicate impurities. We calculated partitioning of Be between solids and solutes, and rates of catchment‐wide (from sediment) and point source (from soil) denudation, weathering and erosion. Our results indicate that average denudation rates are 300–500 t/km2/yr. Denudation is dominated by weathering intensity (W/D) ratios of >0.92, and a non‐negligible contribution from deeper (below soil) weathering. Our rates agree to within less than a factor of two with decadal‐scale denudation rates from combined suspended and dissolved fluxes, highlighting the substantial potential of this method for future Earth surface studies.
Subtle Land Subsidence Elevates Future Storm Surge Risks Along the Gulf Coast of the United States
Authors: Wang Ke , Chen Jingyi , Valseth Eirik , Wells Gordon , Bettadpur Srinivas , Jones Cathleen E. , Dawson Clint
Published: September 2024

We developed a robust InSAR processing strategy that can effectively mitigate severe decorrelation noise in a large volume of InSAR data. We mapped the average land subsidence rate (2017–2020) over the 131,572 km2 Upper Texas and Louisiana coasts from Sentinel‐1 data, with ∼2 mm/yr accuracy based on independent GPS and tide gauge validation at 189 locations. The improved InSAR observations reveal widespread subsidence that was previously undetected in coastal wetlands and rural areas with small communities. Our InSAR surface deformation map is at the spatial scale that overlaps with the scale of hydrodynamic model grids. This allows us to integrate InSAR observations into operational storm surge models to analyze future flooding risks due to relative sea level change. We found that these subtle millimeter‐to‐centimeter subsidence features can substantially increase hurricane‐induced inundation, and passive flood mapping (known as the “bathtub” approach) can lead to inaccurate flood risk predictions.
Assessment of machine learning models trained by molecular dynamics simulations results for inferring ethanol adsorption on an aluminium surface
Authors: Shahbazi Fatemeh , Esfahani Mohammad Nasr , Keshmiri Amir , Jabbari Masoud
Published: September 2024

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can reduce our need for experimental tests and provide detailed insight into the chemical reactions and binding kinetics. There are two challenges while dealing with MD simulations: one is the time and length scale limitations, and the latter is efficiently processing the massive amount of data resulting from the MD simulations and generating the proper reaction rates. In this work, we evaluated the use of regression machine learning (ML) methods to solve these two challenges by developing a framework for ethanol adsorption on an Aluminium (Al) slab. This framework comprises three main stages: first, an all-atom molecular dynamics model; second, ML regression models; and third, validation and testing. In stage one, the adsorption of ethanol molecules on the Al surface for various temperatures, velocities and concentrations is simulated using the large-scale atomic/molecular massively parallel simulator (LAMMPS) and ReaxFF. The outcome of stage one is utilised for training, testing, and validating the predictive models in stages two and three. We developed and evaluated 28 different ML models for predicting the number of adsorbed molecules over time, including linear regression, support vector machine (SVM), decision trees, ensemble, Gaussian process regression (GPR), neural network (NN) and Bayesian hyper-parameter optimisation models. Based on the results, the Bayesian-based GPR showed the highest accuracy and the lowest training time. The developed model can predict the number of adsorbed molecules for new cases within seconds, while MD simulations take a few weeks. This adsorption rate can then be used in macroscale simulations to tackle the time and length scale limitations. The proposed numerical framework has the potential to be generalised and, therefore, contribute to future low-cost binding reaction estimations, providing a valuable tool for industry and experimentalists.
Study of dog population dynamics and rabies awareness in Thailand using a school-based participatory research approach
Authors: Thichumpa Weerakorn , Wiratsudakul Anuwat , Suwanpakdee Sarin , Sararat Chayanin , Modchang Charin , Pan-ngum Setha , Prompoon Nakornthip , Sagarasaeranee Onpawee , Premashthira Sith , Thanapongtharm Weerapong , Chumkaeo Arun , Pan-ngum Wirichada
Published: September 2024

Rabies is a neglected disease primarily related to dog-mediated transmission to humans. Accurate dog demographic and dynamic data are essential for effectively planning and evaluating population management strategies when designing interventions to prevent rabies. However, in Thailand, longitudinal survey data regarding dog population size are scarce. A school-based participatory research (SBPR) approach was conducted to survey owned dogs for one year in four high-risk provinces (Chiang Rai, Surin, Chonburi, and Songkhla) of Thailand, aiming to understand dog population dynamics and raise awareness about rabies. ‘Pupify’ mobile application was developed to collect data on dog population and observe the long-term population dynamics in this study. At the end of the data collection period, telephone interviews were conducted to gain insight into contextual perceptions and awareness regarding both animal and human rabies, as well as the social responsibility of dog owners in disease prevention and control. Among 303 high school students who registered in our study, 218 students reported at least one update of their dog information throughout the one-year period. Of 322 owned dogs from our survey, the updates of dog status over one year showed approximately 7.5 newborns per 100-dog-year, while deaths and missing dogs were 6.2 and 2.7 per 100-dog-year, respectively. The male to female ratio was approximately 1.8:1. Twenty-three students (10%) voluntarily participated and were interviewed in the qualitative study. The levels of rabies awareness and precautions among high-school students were relatively low. The high dropout rate of the survey was due to discontinuity in communication between the researcher and the students over the year. In conclusion, this study focused on using the SBPR approach via mobile application to collect data informing dog population dynamics and raising awareness regarding rabies in Thailand Other engaging platforms (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and other popular applications) is necessary to enhance communication and engagement, thereby sustaining and maintaining data collection. Further health education on rabies vaccination and animal-care practices via social media platforms would be highly beneficial. For sustainable disease control, engaging communities to raise awareness of rabies and increase dog owners’ understanding of their responsibilities should be encouraged.
Low-pass whole genome sequencing of circulating tumor cells to evaluate chromosomal instability in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Di Cosimo Serena , Silvestri Marco , De Marco Cinzia , Calzoni Alessia , De Santis Maria Carmen , Carnevale Maria Grazia , Reduzzi Carolina , Cristofanilli Massimo , Cappelletti Vera
Published: September 2024

Chromosomal Instability (CIN) is a common and evolving feature in breast cancer. Large-scale Transitions (LSTs), defined as chromosomal breakages leading to gains or losses of at least 10 Mb, have recently emerged as a metric of CIN due to their standardized definition across platforms. Herein, we report the feasibility of using low-pass Whole Genome Sequencing to assess LSTs, copy number alterations (CNAs) and their relationship in individual circulating tumor cells (CTCs) of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Initial assessment of LSTs in breast cancer cell lines consistently showed wide-ranging values (median 22, range 4–33, mean 21), indicating heterogeneous CIN. Subsequent analysis of CTCs revealed LST values (median 3, range 0–18, mean 5), particularly low during treatment, suggesting temporal changes in CIN levels. CNAs averaged 30 (range 5–49), with loss being predominant. As expected, CTCs with higher LSTs values exhibited increased CNAs. A CNA-based classifier of individual patient-derived CTCs, developed using machine learning, identified genes associated with both DNA proliferation and repair, such as RB1, MYC, and EXO1, as significant predictors of CIN. The model demonstrated a high predictive accuracy with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.89. Overall, these findings suggest that sequencing CTCs holds the potential to facilitate CIN evaluation and provide insights into its dynamic nature over time, with potential implications for monitoring TNBC progression through iterative assessments.
Heritability of carotid intima-media thickness and inflammatory factors of atherosclerosis in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Tsai-Chung , Lin Cheng-Chieh , Liu Chiu-Shong , Lin Chih-Hsueh , Yang Shing-Yu , Li Chia-Ing
Published: September 2024

Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, has been found to be associated with incident stroke. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen have been demonstrated to be associated with atherosclerosis. Previous studies on heritability estimates of IMT, CRP, and fibrinogen among Chinese populations are limited. This study aims to estimate the heritability of these risk factors in residents who participated in the Taichung Community Health Study (TCHS) and their family members. A total of 2671 study subjects from 805 families were enrolled in the study, selected from a random sample of TCHS participants and their family members. CRP, and fibrinogen were obtained from each participant, and a questionnaire interview was conducted. cIMT was measured by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound and expressed as the mean of the maximum. Heritability estimates and the familial correlation of cIMT, CRP, and fibrinogen among family pairs were determined with SAGE software. With multivariate adjustments, significant heritability was found for cIMT (h2 = 0.26, P < 0.001), CRP (h2 = 0.34, P < 0.001), and fibrinogen (h2 = 0.48, P < 0.001). The intrafamilial correlation coefficients for the three indexes in the parent–offspring pairs were significant (P < 0.001) and ranged from 0.17 to 0.41. The full sibship correlations were also significant (P < 0.001) for the three indexes and ranged from 0.19 to 0.47. This study indicates that a moderate proportion of the variability in CRP, fibrinogen, and cIMT can be attributed to genetic factors in Chinese populations. The findings suggest that CRP is associated with cIMT, whereas no significant association exists between fibrinogen and cIMT.
Leveraging the link between pro-environmental behaviour and well-being to encourage sustainable lifestyle shifts
Authors: Prinzing Michael M. , Laffan Kate
Published: September 2024

Four studies investigated whether awareness of links between pro-environmental behaviour (PEB) and well-being can motivate sustainable lifestyle shifts. We find that most US adults believe most PEBs do not affect well-being. Yet, when people do expect such benefits, they tend to have more positive attitudes and intentions regarding PEBs and enact more PEBs. We also find that messages about how PEB can increase well-being consistently improved attitudes towards PEBs and made people more persuasive in their subsequent efforts to encourage others to live sustainably. These effects were especially pronounced among people who did not previously believe that PEB improves well-being. Effects on PEB intentions were inconsistent, however, and we found no effect on a revealed measure of PEB (i.e., seeking sustainability tips). Overall, these results underscore the importance of beliefs about PEBs’ impact on well-being and suggest that public messaging about that relationship might help motivate sustainable lifestyles.
Organic synthesis in flow mode by selective liquid-phase hydrogenation over heterogeneous non-noble metal catalysts
Authors: Nuzhdin Alexey L. , Bukhtiyarova Marina V. , Bukhtiyarova Galina A.
Published: September 2024

This review discusses the use of supported and bulk non-noble metal catalysts for the liquid-phase selective hydrogenation of bi- and polyfunctional organic compounds in flow mode.
Thermodynamics description of startup flow of soft particles glasses
Authors: Sadeghi Nazanin , Pable Hrishikesh , Khabaz Fardin
Published: September 2024

Structural anisotropy in shear flow and its effect on the excess entropy of soft pastes.
Impact of a poly(ethylene glycol) corona block on drug encapsulation during polymerization induced self-assembly
Authors: Li Guanrui , Duclos Cassie , Ricarte Ralm G.
Published: September 2024

Polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) provides a facile platform for encapsulating therapeutics within block copolymer nanoparticles.
A path splitting and pruning strategy on list decoder for PAC codes
Authors: Lan Lei , Wang Zhongpeng , Zhang Lijuan
Published: September 2024

Recently, Arıkan proposed a polarization‐adjusted convolutional (PAC) codes, demonstrating their superior error correction performance over polar codes at short block lengths. It was confirmed that PAC codes approached the optimal performance achievable with limited code length. This paper proposes a novel low‐complexity list decoding algorithm for PAC codes, incorporating path splitting and pruning strategies based on a set of highly reliable information bits. Simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces sorting complexity and average list size, all while incurring negligible performance loss. Unlike previous pruning algorithms designed for polar codes, the proposed strategy eliminates the need to individually assess the reliability of decoding paths in each decoding process. Instead, the algorithm minimizes redundant decoding paths through a high‐reliability information bit set, constructed using Monte Carlo experiments.
Enhancing 5G energy efficiency through digital twin networks: A comprehensive review
Authors: Maiwada Umar Danjuma , Danyaro Kamaluddeen Usman , Sarlan Aliza Bt
Published: September 2024

In the era of 5G, seamless mobility handovers are critical in densely populated regions like Malaysia to mitigate disruptions and inefficiencies. 5G networks offer unprecedented data speeds and reliability, essential for advancing mobile communication and Internet of Things applications. However, ensuring continuous connectivity and service during mobility remains challenging, especially in urban settings. Digital twin technology presents a promising solution to enhance 5G handover mechanisms. A digital twin network (DTN) mirroring Malaysia's 5G infrastructure is proposed, utilising real‐time data and user behaviour insights to optimise energy consumption during handovers. The focus is on energy‐efficient protocols and algorithms, reviewed through a systematic literature review. The DTN aims to enhance mobility handover efficiency through predictive handovers and adaptive resource allocation, bolstered by sustainable practices such as edge computing. The potential of DTNs to optimise 5G handover processes is explored, starting with the foundational concepts of 5G mobility and digital twins, highlighting the need for improved strategies in high‐mobility scenarios. Methodologies leveraging digital twins to predict network conditions, simulate handover scenarios, and proactively manage decisions are examined, reducing latency and packet loss. Case studies demonstrate how digital twins adapt dynamically to network changes and user mobility, thereby improving quality of service and user experience. Malaysia's specific 5G mobility challenges are addressed with a tailored DTN emphasising energy efficiency, evaluated through practical applications. Evaluation criteria assess effectiveness with in‐depth analysis of methods, performance metrics, limitations, and recommendations for future research. Challenges and future directions including scalability, security, and real‐time data processing, are discussed, aiming to integrate digital twin technology with 5G networks for enhanced connectivity. This abstract provides a roadmap for leveraging digital twins to optimise 5G network performance sustainably, guiding future research and implementation strategies.
Hi‐Z fault location identification on low voltage distribution systems using IoT‐based digital twin model computation
Authors: Pamulaparthy Balakrishna
Published: September 2024

Distribution feeders carry and supply power to industrial, commercial and residential loads from the point where sub‐transmission (33 kV level) ends after stepping down to suitable voltages, such as 11 kV and further down to 400/230 V. In recent times, high impedance (Hi‐Z) faults on distribution systems are creating unique challenges to utilities both from operational and safety perspectives. Most of these Hi‐Z faults occur at distribution voltages of 15 kV or below, with the problem being worse at lower voltages. Hi‐Z fault detection technologies emerged and were developed and incorporated on embedded platforms, such as relays, reclosers and sensors, which protect and monitor distribution systems. Although these technologies can detect Hi‐Z fault on feeders, most of them cannot identify the exact location of the fault. Specifically, there is no solution available in literature for detecting Hi‐Z fault location on low voltage (LV) circuits like 3‐phase 4‐wire 400 V distribution network. In this paper, we introduce a novel and a unique algorithm to identify the location of Hi‐Z faults using proposed smart metres IoT data‐based distribution system load flow and digital twin model representation of the network. Furthermore, a case study on the standard 33 bus LV system clearly depicts the functionality of the proposed algorithm.
Atten‐SEVNETR for volumetric segmentation of glioblastoma and interactive refinement to limit over‐segmentation
Authors: Kundu Swagata , Toumpanakis Dimitrios , Wikstrom Johan , Strand Robin , Dhara Ashis Kumar
Published: September 2024

Precise localization and volumetric segmentation of glioblastoma before and after surgery are crucial for various clinical purposes, including post‐surgery treatment planning, monitoring tumour recurrence, and creating radiotherapy maps. Manual delineation is time‐consuming and prone to errors, hence the adoption of automated 3D quantification methods using deep learning algorithms from MRI scans in recent times. However, automated segmentation often leads to over‐segmentation or under‐segmentation of tumour regions. Introducing an interactive deep‐learning tool would empower radiologists to rectify these inaccuracies by adjusting the over‐segmented and under‐segmented voxels as needed. This paper proposes a network named Atten‐SEVNETR, that has a combined architecture of vision transformers and convolutional neural networks (CNN). This hybrid architecture helps to learn the input volume representation in sequences and focuses on the global multi‐scale information. An interactive graphical user interface is also developed where the initial 3D segmentation of glioblastoma can be interactively corrected to remove falsely detected spurious tumour regions. Atten‐SEVNETR is trained on BraTS training dataset and tested on BraTS validation dataset and on Uppsala University post‐operative glioblastoma dataset. The methodology outperformed state‐of‐the‐art networks like nnFormer, SwinUNet, and SwinUNETR. The mean dice score achieved is 0.7302, and the mean Hausdorff distance‐95 got is 7.78 mm for the Uppsala University dataset.
VENICE: A multi-scale operator-splitting algorithm for multi-physics simulations
Authors: Wilhelm Maite J. C. , Portegies Zwart S.
Published: September 2024

Context. We present VENICE, an operator-splitting algorithm to integrate a numerical model on a hierarchy of timescales.

Aims. VENICE allows a wide variety of different physical processes operating on different scales to be coupled on individual and adaptive time-steps. It therewith mediates the development of complex multi-scale and multi-physics simulation environments with a wide variety of independent components.

Methods. The coupling between various physical models and scales is dynamic, and realised through (Strang) operators splitting using adaptive time-steps.

Results. We demonstrate the functionality and performance of this algorithm using astrophysical models of a stellar cluster, first coupling gravitational dynamics and stellar evolution, then coupling internal gravitational dynamics with dynamics within a galactic background potential, and finally combining these models while also introducing dwarf galaxy-like perturbers. These tests show numerical convergence for decreasing coupling timescales, demonstrate how VENICE can improve the performance of a simulation by shortening coupling timescales when appropriate, and provide a case study of how VENICE can be used to gradually build up and tune a complex multi-physics model. Although the examples provided here couple dedicated numerical models, VENICE can also be used to efficiently solve systems of stiff differential equations.
Central molecular zones in galaxies: 13CO(6–5) and molecular gas conditions in bright nearby galaxies
Authors: Israel F. P. , Güsten R. , Lundgren A.
Published: September 2024

This paper summarizes all presently available Jupp ≥ 5  13CO and accompanying  12CO measurements of galaxy centers including new J = 6–5  13CO and  12CO observations of eleven galaxies with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope and also Herschel high-J measurements of both species in five galaxies. The observed J = 6–5/J = 1–0  12CO integrated temperature ratios range from 0.10 to 0.45 in matching beams. Multi-aperture data indicate that the emission of  13CO(6–5) is more centrally concentrated than that of  12CO(6–5). The intensities of  12CO(6–5) suggest a correlation with those of HCO+ but not with those of HCN. The new data are essential in refining and constraining the parameters of the observed galaxy center molecular gas in a simple two-phase model to approximate its complex multi-phase structure. In all galaxies except the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068, high-J emission from the center is dominated by a dense (n ∼ 105 cm−3) and relatively cool (20–60 K) high-pressure gas. In contrast, the low-J lines are dominated by low-pressure gas of a moderate density (n ∼ 103 cm−3) and more elevated temperature (60–150 K) in most galaxies. The three exceptions with significant high-pressure gas contributions to the low-J emission are all associated with active central star formation.
Symbiotic stars in X-rays
Authors: Lima I. J. , Luna G. J. M. , Mukai K. , Oliveira A. S. , Sokoloski J. L. , Walter F. M. , Palivanas N. , Nuñez N. E. , Souza R. R. , Araujo R. A. N.
Published: September 2024

White dwarf symbiotic binaries are detected in X-rays with luminosities in the range of 1030–1034 ergs s−1. Their X-ray emission arises either from the accretion disk boundary layer, from a region where the winds from both components collide, or from nuclear burning on the surface of the white dwarf (WD). In our continuous effort to identify X-ray-emitting symbiotic stars, we studied four systems using observations from the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and XMM-Newton satellites in X-rays and from Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in the optical. The X-ray spectra were fit with absorbed optically thin thermal plasma models that are either single- or multitemperature with kT < 8 keV for all targets. Based on the characteristics of their X-ray spectra, we classified BD Cam as possible β-type, V1261 Ori and CD −27 8661 as δ-type, and confirmed NQ Gem as β/δ-type. The δ-type X-ray emission most likely arises from the boundary layer of the accretion disk, while in the case of BD Cam, its mostly soft emission originates from shocks, possibly between the red giant and WD and disk winds. In general, we find that the observed X-ray emission is powered by accretion at a low accretion rate of about 10−11 M⊙ yr−1. The low ratio of X-ray to optical luminosities, however indicates that the accretion-disk boundary layer is mostly optically thick and tends to emit in the far or extreme UV. The detection of flickering in optical data provides evidence of the existence of an accretion disk.
Near-infrared spectral behavior of space-weathered olivine with varying iron content
Authors: Wang Ziyu , Lin Honglei , Ye Binlong , Zhao Yu-Yan Sara , Qi Chao , Xu Jingyan , Wei Yong
Published: September 2024

Context. Space weathering alters the surfaces of airless celestial bodies, thereby modifying their spectra significantly. Olivine plays a crucial role in responding to space weathering on silicate planets. However, the spectral variations that occur in olivine with varying iron content as a result of space weathering conditions remain unclear.

Aims. We aim to systematically characterize the spectral variability of surface iron-rich olivine in the space weathering environments of Phobos and the Moon.

Methods. We conducted nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation experiments on a set of synthetic Fe-rich olivine (Fa29, Fa50, Fa71, and Fa100). The energy levels were simulated for Phobos and the Moon. We analyzed the available near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy.

Results. We find that olivine with higher Fe content undergoes stronger weathering under the same irradiation energy, shifting absorption centers around 1.08 µm and 1.35 µm to longer wavelengths. When comparing the high energy and low frequency, spectral changes are more pronounced at low energy and high frequency. The olivine with the same iron content exhibits a more noticeable shift around 1.08 µm under various irradiation levels, while the band center around 1.35 µm remains stable.

Conclusions. When the same amount of radiation energy is received, changes in the spectrum are more noticeable at low energy and high impact frequency than at high energy and low impact frequency. The absorption position at ~1.35 µm is a good indicator of the Mg# value of space-weathered olivine.
Multi-iron subpopulations in Liller 1 from high-resolution H-band spectroscopy
Authors: Fanelli C. , Origlia L. , Rich R. M. , Ferraro F. R. , Alvarez Garay D. A. , Chiappino L. , Lanzoni B. , Pallanca C. , Crociati C. , Dalessandro E.
Published: September 2024

We present a high-resolution chemical study of a representative sample of 21 luminous giant stars in Liller 1, a complex stellar system in the Galactic bulge, based on H-band spectra acquired with the Near-Infrared Spectrograph at KeckII. In this sample, we found fifteen stars with a subsolar iron abundance and enhanced [α/Fe] and [Al/Fe], likely older, having formed early and quickly from gas mainly enriched by type II supernovae, and six stars with supersolar iron and roughly solar-scaled [α/Fe] and [Al/Fe], likely younger, having formed at later epochs from gas also enriched by type Ia supernovae. Moreover, both subpopulations show enhanced [N/Fe], as in the bulge field, approximately solar-scaled [V/Fe], and depletion of [C/Fe] and 12C/13C with respect to the solar values, indicating the occurrence of significant mixing in the stellar interiors of these evolved stars. Our study also reveals that the subsolar subpopulation shows some structuring, and the presence of a third subcomponent with iron content and intermediate [α/Fe] enhancement, in between that of the metal-poor and metal-rich main subpopulations, has been statistically assessed, providing the chemical signature of both an extended star formation with multiple bursts and some self-enrichment.
Baryonification extended to thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich
Authors: Aricò Giovanni , Angulo Raul E.
Published: September 2024

Baryonification algorithms model the impact of galaxy formation and feedback on the matter field in gravity-only simulations by adopting physically motivated parametric prescriptions. In this paper, we extend these models to describe gas temperature and pressure, allowing for a self-consistent modelling of the thermal Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, weak gravitational lensing, and their cross-correlation, down to small scales. We validate our approach by showing that it can simultaneously reproduce the electron pressure, gas, stellar, and dark matter power spectra as measured in all BAHAMAS hydrodynamical simulations. Specifically, with only two additional free parameters, we can fit the electron pressure auto- and cross-power spectra at 10% while reproducing the suppression in the matter power spectrum induced by baryons at the per cent level, for different active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback strengths in BAHAMAS. Furthermore, we reproduce BAHAMAS convergence and thermal Sunyaev Zel’dovich angular power spectra within 1% and 10% accuracy, respectively, down to ℓ = 5000. When used jointly with cosmological rescaling algorithms, the baryonification presented here allows for a fast and accurate exploration of cosmological and astrophysical scenarios. Therefore, it can be employed to create mock catalogues, lightcones, and large training sets for emulators aimed at interpreting forthcoming multi-wavelength observations of the large-scale structure of the Universe.
Barred active galactic nucleus galaxies in paired systems: Exploring the impact on nuclear activity
Authors: Alonso Sol , Vera-Rueda Matias , Coldwell Georgina , Duplancic Fernanda , Mesa Valeria
Published: September 2024

Aims. To unveil the influence of galaxy-galaxy interactions on the material transport driven by galactic bars toward the central regions of active galactic nucleus (AGN) galaxies, and to assess the efficiency of the combined mechanisms of interactions and bars in fueling massive black holes, we meticulously examine barred active galaxies in paired systems.

Methods. Our study focuses on barred AGN galaxies in pairs with projected separations of rp < 100 kpc h−1 and relative radial velocities of ΔV < 500 km s−1 within z < 0.1, identified by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). To quantify the impact of interactions on material transport by galactic bars, we also constructed a suitable control sample of barred active galaxies without paired companions, matched in redshift, absolute r-band magnitude, stellar mass, color, and stellar age distributions. Additionally, we calculated the structural characteristics of galactic bars through two-dimensional image modeling, considering that bars exhibit a wide range of shapes and sizes, which may influence their ability to channel material.

Results. From this study, we clearly found that nuclear activity (derived from the Lum[OIII]) increases as the projected separations between galaxy pair members decrease. Notably, barred AGN galaxies in close pairs (rp ⪅ 25 kpc h−1) exhibit significantly higher nuclear activity compared to galaxies in the control sample. Additionally, barred galaxies with a close pair companion show enhanced nuclear activity across all ranges of luminosity, stellar mass, and color. We also found that barred AGN galaxies with longer bar structures exhibit more efficient nuclear activity compared to those with shorter bars. This trend is especially pronounced in barred AGN galaxies within close pair systems, which show a significant excess of high Lum[OIII] values. Furthermore, we examined the central nuclear activity in barred AGNs undergoing major and minor interactions. Our findings show a clear escalation in nuclear activity as the pair projected separations decrease, particularly pronounced in major systems. Additionally, nuclear activity distributions in barred AGN samples within major and minor pairs exhibit similar trends. However, a significant deviation occurs among barred AGN galaxies in close pair systems within major interactions, showing a substantial excess of high Lum[OIII] values. This result is also reflected in the analysis of the accretion strength onto central black holes. These findings indicate that external perturbations from a nearby galaxy companion can influence gas flows induced by galactic bars, leading to increased nuclear activity in barred AGN galaxies within pair systems. Thus, the coexistence of both – bars and interactions – significantly amplifies central nuclear activity, thereby influencing the accretion processes onto massive black holes.
Variational properties of space-periodic standing waves of nonlinear Schrödinger equations with general nonlinearities
Authors: Kfoury Perla , Le Coz Stefan
Published: September 2024

Periodic waves are standing wave solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equations whose profile is periodic in space dimension one. We consider general nonlinearities and provide variational characterizations for the periodic wave profiles. This involves minimizing energy while keeping mass and momentum constant, as well as minimizing the action over the Nehari manifold. These variational approaches are considered both in the periodic and anti-periodic settings, and for focusing and defocusing nonlinearities. In appendix, we study the existence properties of periodic solutions of the triple power nonlinearity.
Effect of Cu doping on the electronic structure, magnetic and optical properties of GaN/ZnS heterojunctions: a first-principles study
Authors: Li Cong , Zhang Yue , Hao Guodong , Wang Fei
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the generalized gradient approximation method in density functional theory is adopted to calculate the GaN/ZnS heterojunction system with coexistence of Cu doping and point defects. The electronic structure, magnetic coupling mechanism and optical properties of each system are analyzed. It is shown by the research results that broader band gap width tuning (0.26–2.92 eV) can be achieved in the interface region of the Cu-doped GaN/ZnS heterojunction system. The magnetic sources of the system have two aspects, on the one hand, unpaired electrons are induced by cation vacancies to undergo spin polarization, thereby magnetic moments are contributed to the system, on the other hand, The GaN/ZnS heterojunction is induced by Cu doping to generate bound magnetic polarons, causing a magnetic phase transition in the system, and the total magnetic moment of the system is restricted by the concentration of bound magnetic polarons. In terms of optical properties, deep energy levels are introduced and hole-electron recombination centers are formed in the Cu-doped heterojunction system containing Ga vacancies. Compared with the non-magnetic heterojunction system, the magnetic heterojunction system exhibits a higher absorption intensity for visible light, and the redshift of its absorption spectrum is more pronounced. Furthermore, when the Cu-doped GaN/ZnS heterojunction system contains different vacancy defects, different conductive types can be achieved.
Recurrence following successful eradication of neoplasia with endoscopic mucosal resection compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection in Barrett’s esophagus: a retrospective comparison
Authors: Fujiyoshi Yusuke , Khalaf Kareem , Tham Daniel , Fujiyoshi Mary Raina Angeli , Calo Natalia C. , Mosko Jeffrey D. , May Gary R. , Teshima Christopher W.
Published: September 2024

Background Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are effective treatments for Barrett’s neoplasia. However, little is known about recurrence rates following these techniques. We compared long-term neoplasia recurrence rates following EMR and ESD.

Methods This study included patients with Barrett’s neoplasia (high grade dysplasia/adenocarcinoma) treated between July 2019 and December 2023 at a tertiary referral center in Canada. Outcomes were residual neoplasia at first follow-up, complete remission of neoplasia (CRN), and neoplasia recurrence following CRN.

Results 157 patients were included (87 EMR, 70 ESD). Compared
with EMR, the ESD group had larger lesions (median 2 vs. 3 cm, P<0.05), more adenocarcinoma
(85.1% vs. 94.3%, P = 0.07), and deeper submucosal invasion (T1a: 71.6% vs. 75.8%; T1b-SM1:
25.7% vs. 6.1%; T1b≥SM2: 2.7% vs. 18.2%; P<0.05). Among 124 patients with follow-up (71
EMR, 53 ESD), 84.9% of ESD-treated patients had curative resections (i.e. R0 resection with
low risk for lymph node metastasis), whereas 94.4% of EMR-treated patients had deep margin R0
resection of low risk lesions. At first follow-up, residual neoplasia (14.1% vs. 11.3%) and
CRN (97.2% vs. 100%) were similar in the EMR and ESD groups, but neoplasia recurrence
following CRN was significantly higher with EMR (13% vs. 1.9%, P<0.05), with cumulative
probability of recurrence at 3 years of 18.3% vs. 4.2%, respectively.

Conclusions Neoplasia recurrence following CRN was significantly higher following EMR compared with ESD, suggesting that ESD may be superior to EMR in preventing neoplasia recurrence in Barrett’s esophagus.
Bedarfsanalyse für ein Selbsthilfetraining im Rahmen der Cochlea-Implantat-Rehabilitation
Authors: Geßner Sophie , Meuret Sylvia , Fuchs Michael , Tretbar Kathleen
Published: September 2024

Hintergrund Trotz Cochlea-Implantation erleben CI-Träger*innen Schwierigkeiten in anspruchsvollen Hörsituationen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum gibt es keinerlei Interventionen zur Förderung von gezielten Bewältigungsstrategien für derartige Situationen. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die nach Implantation fortbestehenden Alltagseinschränkungen sowie die Relevanz potenzieller Interventionsinhalte, um ein Selbsthilfeprogramm für die CI-Rehabilitation zu entwickeln.

Material und Methoden Es wurden 56 CI-Träger*innen aus 3 deutschen CI-Zentren rekrutiert, die eine Online-Befragung zu demografischen Daten, zur Hörbiografie, zum Hörhandicap und zu potenziell relevanten Interventionsinhalten ausfüllten. Die präsentierten Interventionsinhalte umfassten dabei die folgenden Kategorien: medizinische Aspekte, Aspekte zur Kommunikationsverbesserung, psychosoziale Aspekte, technische Aspekte und spezifische Aspekte.

Ergebnisse Das Hörhandicap war in der vorliegenden Stichprobe moderat bis schwerwiegend ausgeprägt. Die vorgestellten Inhaltskategorien für die Gestaltung eines Selbsthilfeprogramms wurden alle als „wichtig“ eingestuft. Die Dauer der CI-Versorgung korrelierte signifikant negativ mit der Einschätzung der Relevanz von psychosozialen Aspekten. Weitere signifikante Zusammenhänge konnten zwischen der Ausprägung des Hörhandicaps und der Einschätzung der Relevanz von Aspekten zur Kommunikationsverbesserung sowie psychosozialer und technischer Aspekte aufgezeigt werden.

Schlussfolgerung Ein Selbsthilfeprogramm, das die untersuchten Inhalte berücksichtigt, könnte eine vielversprechende Unterstützung für den CI-Rehabilitationsprozess darstellen und soll im Folgenden entwickelt sowie evaluiert werden.
Unraveling the Molecular Pathogenesis of Protein C Deficiency–Associated VTE: Insights from Protein C Mutations C238G and R189W in Thai Patients
Authors: Tanratana Pansakorn , Seanoon Karnsasin , Payongsri Panwajee , Kadegasem Praguywan , Chuansumrit Ampaiwan , Sirachainan Nongnuch
Published: September 2024

Background Protein C (PC) deficiency is a well-established risk factor for thromboembolism (TE), commonly manifesting in pediatric patients. This study aimed to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of two novel PC mutations, C238G and R189W, identified in Thai children with both venous and arterial TE.

Material and Methods The effects of wild-type (WT), C238G, and R189W PC variants were investigated through transient transfection of HEK293T cells. PC secretion levels were measured, and immunofluorescence analysis was performed to assess intracellular localization. ER stress-related gene expression and UPR activation were evaluated. Structural analysis was conducted to explore the significance of the C238 and R189W residue in PC functionality.

Results The C238G mutation led to a severe 95% reduction in PC secretion, while R189W showed a 30% decrease compared with WT. Immunofluorescence revealed that C238G-PC was predominantly retained in the ER, indicating protein misfolding. C238G-expressing cells exhibited significant upregulation of ER stress-related genes and UPR activation. In contrast, R189W resulted in only a modest increase in UPR gene expression, suggesting a less pronounced impact on protein folding and secretion. Structural analysis demonstrated the critical role of the C238 residue in maintaining PC's disulfide bond and overall conformation.

Conclusion This study reveals distinct molecular mechanisms by which the C238G and R189W mutations contribute to PC deficiency and increased thrombotic risk. The findings emphasize the essential role of the C238 residue in preserving PC structure and secretion, enhancing the understanding of PC deficiency-associated TE in pediatric patients.
Double-Cut Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy for the Management of Cranial Cruciate Ligament Insufficiency in Dogs with an Excessive Plateau Angle: Early Clinical Results in 16 Dogs
Authors: Curuci Eloy H. P. , Minto Bruno W. , Magalhães Thais V. , de Barros Luciano P. , Dias Luis Gustavo G. G.
Published: September 2024

Objective To describe a modification of the tibial plateau leveling osteotomy technique wherein a double cut is made in the same plane to level the tibial plateau (double-cut tibial plateau leveling osteotomy [DCTPLO]) for treating dogs with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) and excessive tibial plateau angle (eTPA) diseases.

Study Design The DCTPLO technique was performed on 18 stifles in dogs with CrCL and an eTPA (>34°). This study evaluated the accuracy of preoperative planning, feasibility of the technique, postoperative clinical outcomes, radiographic examinations at the postoperative follow-up for the first 120 days, evolution of the tibial plateau angle (TPA), time of union of the osteotomy, apposition of the implants, and possible complications.

Results The described technique proved to be feasible for clinical application, with reproducibility from preoperative planning. An effective reduction in the eTPA levels was observed. The mean preoperative and postoperative TPA values were 39.4° (36°–43.5°) and 6.3° (3°–13°), respectively. Radiographic healing time was 60 days in 17/18 of stifles. Minor complications (not requiring surgical review or clinical treatment) were observed in 4/18 of stifles.

Conclusion The DCTPLO technique was effective for treating CrCL disease with TPA of up to 43.5° in dogs.
Interaction mechanism of cold atmospheric plasmas and fusion peptides of spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 revealed by reactive molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Chen Yang , Chai Zhao-Nan , Zhang Yuan-Tao
Published: September 2024

Despite the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the coronavirus-killing ability of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) remains impressive, and investigations into its underlying mechanisms are still ongoing. The fusion peptide (FP) is a crucial site of membrane fusion and toxicity exerted by the S-protein in severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this study, reactive molecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the interaction mechanisms of FP and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The simulation results show that the given ROS (O atoms and OH radicals as examples) can destroy hydrophobic residues, negatively charged acidic residues, and peptide bonds through structurally altering essential sites. Furthermore, the reaction typically initiates from the H-abstraction reaction, followed by various types of oxidative modifications such as dehydrogenation, hydroxylation, carbonylation, cyclogenesis, ring cleavage, and decarboxylation, which are consistent with the experimental findings made on peptides. Therefore, it can be predicted that the membrane fusion ability of FP and the toxicity of SARS-CoV-2 will be reduced, with CAP functioning as a bactericidal disinfectant. The dose effects were also investigated, providing experimental guidance for the optimization of CAP. In this study, the interaction processes of FP and CAP are explored by revealing the chemical pathways and final reaction products from the computational data, thus providing a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms for inactivating SARS-CoV-2 by CAP.
Relative sensitivity of plastic scintillator: A comparative analysis with 60Co gamma rays, deuterium–deuterium, and deuterium–tritium neutrons
Authors: Kim Y. , Meaney K. D. , Leeper R. J. , Batha S. H. , Jorgenson H. J. , Perry T. S. , Dwyer R. H. , Schmidt T. R. , Hochanadel M. P. , Sweeney J. R. , Archuleta T. N. , White B. , Richardson R. , Green J. A. , Wolverton A. J. , Guckes A. , Lowe D. R. , Showers M. , Willis C. A. , Butcher M. D.
Published: September 2024

A plastic scintillator has found extensive application in the realm of high-energy physics and national security science. Many applications in those fields often involve the simultaneous production of photons, neutrons, and charged particles, which makes the relative sensitivity information for these different radiation types important. In this study, we have adopted a multi-head detector comprised of a plastic scintillator and high gain phototubes, which provides a large dynamic range and linearity. A comparative study on the relative sensitivities of plastic scintillators was facilitated by adopting three distinct radiation calibration sources (i.e., 60Co γ rays, DD neutrons, and DT neutrons). Neutrons from a DD source generate a comparable level of scintillation to gamma rays emitted by 60Co (i.e., 60Co-γ/DD-n = 0.92 ± 16%). DT neutrons induce ∼3.5 times the scintillation observed with DD neutrons (i.e., DT-n/DD-n = 3.5 ± 28%). In addition, the Geant4 simulation granted us valuable insights into the relative sensitivity of the scintillator. This comparative study will provide a useful database for users in diverse applications.
Dynamics of the air bubble on the upper surface of a plate: Influences of the cavitation bubble
Authors: Li Siyu , Liu Shiyu , Quan Xiaojun , Lu Chenyu , Hei Bingsen
Published: September 2024

The interaction of laser-induced cavitation bubbles with air bubbles attached to the upper surface of a horizontal plate was studied with high-speed photography. On the cavitation bubble side, the dimensionless distance parameter, γ=4.5 for vertical jets from cavitation bubbles as proposed in previous research and the dimensionless parameter, γ=5.8 for oblique upward jets have been established. On the attached air bubble side, the relationship between the dimensionless distance parameter, γa and the four types of morphology (Omega, hemisphere, hemisphere to hat with split, and hemisphere to hat without split) of attached air bubbles, as well as the three modes of jets (initial, multiple, and delay), has been demonstrated. The split of the small bubble from the attached bubble is primarily due to the vertical velocity differences brought about by the multiple collapses of cavitation bubbles and the pulsation of attached bubbles. Subsequent studies on the detachment behavior of attached bubbles determined the ideal dimensionless distance, γa=3.4 for detachment. The surface ripples play a dominant role in promoting the detachment of attached bubbles at greater distances.