bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF‐SIMILARITY OF SEISMICITY AND THE FAULT NETWORK OF THE SIKHOTE ALIN OROGENIC BELT AND THE ADJACENT AREAS
Authors: Zakharov V. S. , Didenko A. N. , Gil’manova G. Z. , Merkulova T. V.
Published: June 2019

We performed a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of self‐similarity of seismicity and the fault network within the Sikhote Alin orogenic belt and the adjacent areas. It has been established that the main features of seismicity are controlled by the crustal earthquakes. Differentiation of the study area according to the density of earthquake epicenters and the fractal dimension of the epicentral field of earthquakes (De) shows that the most active crustal areas are linked to the Kharpi‐Kur‐Priamurye zone, the northern Bureya massif and the Mongol‐Okhotsk folded system. The analysis of the earthquake recurrence plot slope values reveals that the highest b‐values correlate with the areas of the highest seismic activity of the northern part of the Bureya massif and, to a less extent, of the Mongol‐Okhotsk folded system. The increased fractal dimension values for the fault network (Df) correlate with the folded systems (Sikhote Alin and Mongol‐Okhotsk), while the decreased values conform to the depressions and troughs (Middle Amur, Uda and Torom). A comparison of the fractal analysis results for the fault network with the recent stress‐strain data gives evidence of their general confineness to the contemporary areas of intense compression. The correspondence between the field of the parameter b‐value for the upper crustal earthquakes and the fractal dimension value for the fault network (Df) suggests a general consistency between the self‐similar earthquake magnitude (energy) distribution and the fractal distribution of the fault sizes. The analysis results demonstrate that the selfsimilarity parameters provide an important quantitative characteristic in seismotectonics and can be used for the neotectonic and geodynamic analyses.
Existential Import and the Contingent Necessity of Descartes’s Eternal Truths
Authors: Skrzypek Jeremy W. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2019

Descartes famously states that God could have made any and all of the “eternal truths” that are now in place (such as 1 + 2 = 3) false. This has led scholars to attribute to Descartes’s God a radical sort of power: the power to do the logically impossible. While Descartes does claim that God could have made any of the eternal truths that are now in place false, I do not think that this commits him to the view that God could have made twice four equal to nine, or anything of that sort. In this paper I show how, by placing Descartes’s doctrine of the eternal truths in its proper historical context, a new and more charitable interpretation of that doctrine becomes available. On this interpretation, Descartes’s God could have made the eternal truths false by choosing not to create the eternal essences to which these truths refer.
Gerenciamento de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos: auditoria em fornecedores
Authors: Brasil Tommy Figueiredo , Oliveira Ualison Rébula de
Published: June 2019

Eventos de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos são inerentes dentro de indústrias e organizações, podendo influenciar diretamente na competitividade e lucratividade. Para tanto, é fundamental um método de gerenciamento de risco na cadeia de suprimentos. Esse estudo visou identificar a auditoria em fornecedores como um possível método para o gerenciamento de riscos na cadeia de suprimentos. Realizou-se uma revisão da literatura para identificar e definir os temas abordados, e como pesquisa foi avaliado uma empresa multinacional no segmento de peças automotivas. Para a metodologia, aplicou-se entrevistas aos setores da organização para analisar a perspectiva dos funcionários em relação aos riscos dos fornecedores e do método de auditoria aplicado. Na etapa posterior foi coletado documentos de relatórios de auditorias e feito uma análise detalhada. Foi possível identificar que existe uma correlação da norma ISO 31000 (2015) “Gestão de riscos — Princípios e diretrizes” e o método de auditoria, assim como também foi comprovado que o método de auditoria conduz para a melhoria de desempenho do fornecedor.
Behind the Curtain, Impact Benefit Agreement Transparency in Nunavut
Authors: Hummel Chris
Published: June 2019

Impact Benefit Agreements are typically hidden from public view by confidentiality clauses. However, a recent trend towards public disclosure of IBAs in Nunavut has made scrutiny possible. In light of this unique disclosure, this paper analyses the contents of Nunavut’s IBAs and the short-term consequences of their transparency, reaching three conclusions : (1) the contents of Nunavut’s IBAs are quasi-legislative, resembling public law more than private law in scope and scale — a characterization which warrants transparency ; (2) IBAs’ increasing role in the Duty to Consult may further warrant transparency, and (3) IBA transparency in Nunavut has allowed ideas to spread among Nunavut’s communities and has invited constructive public and academic scrutiny. In reaching these conclusions, this paper does not suggest that all IBAs ought to be publicized. There are a variety of reasons why both Indigenous communities and extractive proponents opt for IBA confidentiality. Nonetheless, the trend away from confidentiality in Nunavut invites a broader discussion about the merits of IBA transparency.
Haplotypes spanning centromeric regions reveal persistence of large blocks of archaic DNA
Authors: Langley Sasha A , Miga Karen H , Karpen Gary H , Langley Charles H
Published: June 2019

Despite critical roles in chromosome segregation and disease, the repetitive structure and vast size of centromeres and their surrounding heterochromatic regions impede studies of genomic variation. Here we report the identification of large-scale haplotypes (cenhaps) in humans that span the centromere-proximal regions of all metacentric chromosomes, including the arrays of highly repeated α-satellites on which centromeres form. Cenhaps reveal deep diversity, including entire introgressed Neanderthal centromeres and equally ancient lineages among Africans. These centromere-spanning haplotypes contain variants, including large differences in α-satellite DNA content, which may influence the fidelity and bias of chromosome transmission. The discovery of cenhaps creates new opportunities to investigate their contribution to phenotypic variation, especially in meiosis and mitosis, as well as to more incisively model the unexpectedly rich evolution of these challenging genomic regions.
Frontotemporal dementia mutant Tau promotes aberrant Fyn nanoclustering in hippocampal dendritic spines
Authors: Padmanabhan Pranesh , Martínez-Mármol Ramón , Xia Di , Götz Jürgen , Meunier Frédéric A
Published: June 2019

The Src kinase Fyn plays critical roles in memory formation and Alzheimer’s disease. Its targeting to neuronal dendrites is regulated by Tau via an unknown mechanism. As nanoclustering is essential for efficient signaling, we used single-molecule tracking to characterize the nanoscale distribution of Fyn in mouse hippocampal neurons, and manipulated the expression of Tau to test whether it controls Fyn nanoscale organization. We found that dendritic Fyn exhibits at least three distinct motion states, two of them associated with nanodomains. Fyn mobility decreases in dendrites during neuronal maturation, suggesting a dynamic synaptic reorganization. Removing Tau increases Fyn mobility in dendritic shafts, an effect that is rescued by re-expressing wildtype Tau. By contrast, expression of frontotemporal dementia P301L mutant Tau immobilizes Fyn in dendritic spines, affecting its motion state distribution and nanoclustering. Tau therefore controls the nanoscale organization of Fyn in dendrites, with the pathological Tau P301L mutation potentially contributing to synaptic dysfunction by promoting aberrant Fyn nanoclustering in spines.
Cancer driver genes: a guilty by resemblance doctrine
Authors: Ramsahai Emilie , Tripathi Vrijesh , John Melford
Published: June 2019

A major benefit of expansive cancer genome projects is the discovery of new targets for drug treatment and development. To date, cancer driver genes have been primarily identified by methods based on gene mutation frequency. This approach fails to identify culpable genes that are not mutated, rarely mutated, or contribute to the development of rare forms of cancer. Due to the complexity of the disease and the sheer volume of data, computational methods may encounter a NP-complete problem. We have developed a novel pathway and reach (PAR) method that employs a guilty by resemblance approach to identify cancer driver genes that avoids the above problems. Essentially PAR sifts through a list of genes of biological pathways to find those that are common to the same pathways and possess a similar 2-reach topology metric as a reference set of recognized driver genes. This approach leads to faster processing times and eliminates any dependency on gene mutation frequency. Out of the three pathways, signal transduction, immune system, and gene expression, a set of 50 candidate driver genes were identified, 30 of which were new. The top five were HGF, E2F1, C6, MIF, and CDK2.
Characterization of gene promoters in pig: conservative elements, regulatory motifs and evolutionary trend
Authors: Wei Kai , Ma Lei , Zhang Tingting
Published: June 2019

It is vital to understand the conservation and evolution of gene promoter sequences in order to understand environmental adaptation. The level of promoter conservation varies greatly between housekeeping (HK) and tissue-specific (TS) genes, denoting differences in the strength of the evolutionary constraints. Here, we analyzed promoter conservation and evolution to exploit differential regulation between HK and TS genes. The analysis of conserved elements showed CpG islands, short tandem repeats and G-quadruplex sequences are highly enriched in HK promoters relative to TS promoters. In addition, the type and density of regulatory motifs in TS promoters are much higher than HK promoters, indicating that TS genes show more complex regulatory patterns than HK genes. Moreover, the evolutionary dynamics of promoters showed similar evolutionary trend to coding sequences. HK promoters suffer more stringent selective pressure in the long-term evolutionary process. HK genes tend to show increased upstream sequence conservation due to stringent selection pressures acting on the promoter regions. The specificity of TS gene expression may be due to complex regulatory motifs acting in different tissues or conditions. The results from this study can be used to deepen our understanding of adaptive evolution.
Portrayal of Religious Syncretism in Akiki Nyabongo’s Novel: Africa Answers Back
Authors: Naula Mary
Published: June 2019

Akiki Nyabongo’s novel, “Africa answers back”, reveals that religious syncretism in Africa is a reality that has persistently painted Christianity as an offshoot of traditional African religions. Using qualitative content analysis that looks at the text for themes, meaning and underlying values, the study critically analyses the two major religious thoughts of African Traditional Religions and Christianity in the context of the rite of passage – pregnancy, naming, baptism, marriage, death and burial. The study found out that religious syncretism as portrayed in Africa Answers Back is evident in all the major rites of passage. The conflict portrayed between the two religious beliefs shows that syncretism is a major issue today among African Christians and it is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. I conclude that most African Christians will take long to detach themselves from traditional African religious beliefs, because their way of life and practices are rooted in African traditional religion. I recommend continuous negotiations between African traditional religions and Christianity as each has something to offer to enrich their respective faiths.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards Voluntary Counseling and Testing Service among University Students, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Ermeko Tilahun , Kebede Dawit , Lette Abate
Published: June 2019

Background: Voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) is the process by which an individual undergoes confidential counseling, to enable the individual arrive at an informed choice with respect of learning his or her HIV status and advice on taking the appropriate action. It is vitally important and one of the national strategy to control HIV/AIDS epidemics in the general population and is internationally acknowledged as essential strategy for HIV prevention and entry point to HIV/ AIDS care. HIV/AIDS is a disease which affects the human immune system caused by infection with human immune deficiency virus. According to Ministry of Health, in Ethiopia the highest prevalence of HIV is seen in the age group 15-24 years.

Objective: This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards HIV voluntary testing and counseling among undergraduate at the Wachemo University, southern Ethiopia.

Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted at Wachemo University from February 10 to February 30/2018.Multistage sampling method was used to enroll students from different faculties. Main outcome measures included level of knowledge, attitude and practice of VCT for HIV.

Results: A total of 623 students participated in the study yields the response rate of 100%. The majority, (91.2%) of respondents were heard about voluntary counseling and testing of HIV. More than half, (63.0%) of the students disagreed that voluntary counseling and testing of HIV service in the campus is not functional and not giving service appropriately. The majorities, (93.4%) of the study participants were knowledgeable about voluntary testing and counseling of HIV; and 491 (78.8%) of the study participants had positive attitude towards voluntary testing and counseling of HIV.  However, only one thirds (36.7%) of the respondents had practiced voluntary testing and counseling of HIV.

Conclusion: Despite high knowledge and favorable attitude towards VCT, more than half of the respondents (63.3%) don’t experienced HIV test, for the following reason: Fear of positive result (32.4%), stigmatization (15.9%), while (30.7%) being sure of not having HIV.
An All‐Organic Semiconductor C3N4/PDINH Heterostructure with Advanced Antibacterial Photocatalytic Therapy Activity
Authors: Wang Longwei , Zhang Xiao , Yu Xin , Gao Fene , Shen Ziyi , Zhang Xiaolei , Ge Shenguang , Liu Jing , Gu Zhanjun , Chen Chunying
Published: June 2019

Antibacterial photocatalytic therapy has been reported as a promising alternative water disinfection technology for combating antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. Numerous inorganic nanosystems have been developed as antibiotic replacements for bacterial infection treatment, but these are limited due to the toxicity risk of heavy metal species. Organic semiconductor photocatalytic materials have attracted great attention due to their good biocompatibility, chemically tunable electronic structure, diverse structural flexibility, suitable band gap, low cost, and the abundance of the resources they require. An all‐organic composite photocatalytic nanomaterial C3N4/perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINH) heterostructure is created through recrystallization of PDINH on the surface of C3N4 in situ, resulting in enhanced photocatalytic efficiency due to the formation of a basal heterostructure. The absorption spectrum of this composite structure can be extended from ultraviolet to near‐infrared light (750 nm), enhancing the photocatalytic effect to produce more reactive oxygen species, which have an excellent inactivation effect on both Gram‐negative and positive bacteria, while demonstrating negligible toxicity to normal tissue cells. An efficient promotion of infectious wound regeneration in mice with Staphylococcus aureus infected dermal wounds is demonstrated. This all‐organic heterostructure shows great promise for use in wound disinfection.
Positional and Geometrical Isomerisation of Alkenes: The Pinnacle of Atom Economy
Authors: Molloy John J. , Morack Tobias , Gilmour Ryan
Published: June 2019

Strategies to achieve spatiotemporal regulation of pre‐existing alkenes via external stimuli are essential given the ubiquity of feedstock olefins in chemistry and their downstream applications. Mirroring the 1‐0 switch that underpins mammalian vision through selective geometric isomerisation in retinal, strategies to manipulate 2D space by both geometric and positional isomerisation of alkenes via chemical, thermal and light‐driven processes are being intensively pursued. This minireview highlights the current state of the art in activating and achieving directionality in these fundamental chemical transformations.
Some Novel Dinuclear phenylboronates of biologically potent β‐enaminoesters: Synthesis, Spectroscopic characterization, antimicrobial activity and their antiandrogenic effect
Authors: Jangir Vinita , Saharan Rajesh , Sharma Ramavatar , Sharma Jyoti , Singh Yashpal
Published: June 2019

Organoboron derivatives of biologically potent β‐enamino esters of the type [Where R = CH3(1a), C2H5 (1b), C3H7(1c) and C (CH3)3 (1d)] have been prepared by the reactions of β‐enamino esters and Phenyl boronic acid [PhB (OH)2] in 1:2 molar ratio in refluxing tetrahydrofuran (THF). All these derivatives have been characterized by physico‐chemical properties, elemental analyses and molecular weight measurements. The structures of these compounds have been proposed on the basis of IR, 1H, 13C, 11B NMR spectral data and GC‐mass spectrometry. Phenyl boronic acid, β‐enamino esters and their respective phenylboronates derivatives have been screened for the antibmicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria (B. subtilis and E. coli) and fungi (A. niger and P. peniculosum) to access their growth inhibiting potential. In addition to this, antiandrogenic effect of Ligand, LaH2 and its boron derivative (1a) has also been tested in male albino rats.
Unmasking Sensory Defects of Olive Oils Flavored with Basil and Oregano Using an Electronic Tongue‐Chemometric Tool
Authors: Bobiano Marta , Rodrigues Nuno , Madureira Marta , Dias Luís G. , Veloso Ana C. A. , Pereira José A. , Peres António M.
Published: June 2019

Olive oil price and consumers’ preference depend on the commercial grade classification that can decrease if any sensory defect is perceived leading to an economic loss. Enriched oils, obtained by incorporating dried aromatic herbs, spices, or essential oils, which is a common practice in the Mediterranean region, are commercially available. This practice may conceal the fraudulent purpose of masking the perception of sensory defects. The detection of this type of fraud is a difficult task, requiring sensory analysis. Thus, in this study, extra‐virgin and lampante olive oils, the latter classification being due to the perception of an intense winey‐vinegary defect, were deliberately enriched with different amounts of basil‐dried herbs and oregano‐dried herbs. Sensory analysis showed that, depending on the aromatic herb and on the added amount (0.011–0.110 g herb per kg oil), the defect intensity could be masked leading to an erroneous classification of flavored lampante oils as flavored virgin oils. In contrast, the electronic tongue‐chemometric approach could unmask the defect in flavored oils (predictive sensitivities: 70–78%) and semiquantitatively discriminate flavored oils according to the added levels of basil or oregano (predictive sensitivities: 93–100%). The electronic tongue approach showed satisfactory unmasking performance when compared with the sensory panel, and so, its future application as a quality control taste‐sensor device for disclosing olive oil sensory defects masked by the incorporation of flavoring agents may be forseen.
The Quality and Readability of English Wikipedia Anatomy Articles
Authors: Suwannakhan Athikhun , Casanova‐Martínez Daniel , Yurasakpong Laphatrada , Montriwat Punchalee , Meemon Krai , Limpanuparb Taweetham
Published: June 2019

Forty anatomy articles were sampled from English Wikipedia and assessed quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, each article’s edit history was analyzed by Wikipedia X‐tools, references and media were counted manually, and two readability indices were used to evaluate article readability. This analysis revealed that each article was updated 8.3 ± 6.8 times per month, and referenced with 33.5 ± 24.3 sources, such as journal articles and textbooks. Each article contained on average 14.0 ± 7.6 media items. The readability indices including: (1) Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level Readability Test and (2) Flesch Reading Ease Readability Formula demonstrated that the articles had low readability and were more appropriate for college students and above. Qualitatively, the sampled articles were evaluated by experts using a modified DISCERN survey. According to the modified DISCERN, 13 articles (32.5%), 24 articles (60%), 3 articles (7.5%), were rated as “good,” “moderate,” and “poor,” respectively. There were positive correlations between the DISCERN score and the number of edits (r = 0.537), number of editors (r = 0.560), and article length (r = 0.536). Strengths reported by the panel included completeness and coverage in 11 articles (27.5%), anatomical details in 10 articles (25%), and clinical details in 5 articles (12.5%). The panel also noted areas which could be improved, such as providing missing information in 28 articles (70%), inaccuracies in 10 articles (25%), and lack or poor use of images in 17 articles (42.5%). In conclusion, this study revealed that many Wikipedia anatomy articles were difficult to read. Each article’s quality was dependent on edit frequency and article length. Learners and students should be cautious when using Wikipedia articles for anatomy education due to these limitations.
A Luminescent Probe for Ratiometric Optical Detection of HgIIand Turn‐On Fluorescent Sensing of CuII
Authors: Singh Rupinder , Das Gopal
Published: June 2019

Luminescent detection of heavy metals continues to be of growing importance considering their increasing inseparable roles in modern day lifestyle. To this end, we report a simple yet interesting thiourea derivative that results in detection of CuIIin a turn‐on fashion via a chemodosimetric redox reaction leading to oxidative cyclization of the chemosensor molecule. Elaborate studies with regard to the sensing process have been performed along with the proposal of a plausible cyclization mechanism of the molecule. Furthermore, the probe optically detects HgII, yet another heavy metal of prime importance, discernable even to the naked eye. The occurrence of a coordination complex has been proved by UV/Visible spectroscopic experiments as well as ESI‐mass spectrometry.
Separating and quantifying the distinct impacts of El Niño and sudden stratospheric warmings on North Atlantic and Eurasian wintertime climate
Authors: Oehrlein Jessica , Chiodo Gabriel , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: June 2019

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) significantly influence Eurasian wintertime climate. The El Niño phase of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) also affects climate in that region through tropospheric and stratospheric pathways, including increased SSW frequency. However, most SSWs are unrelated to El Niño, and their importance compared to other El Niño pathways remains to be quantified. We here contrast these two sources of variability using two 200‐member ensembles of 1‐year integrations of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, one ensemble with prescribed El Niño sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and one with neutral‐ENSO SSTs. We form composites of wintertime climate anomalies, with and without SSWs, in each ensemble and contrast them to a basic state represented by neutral‐ENSO winters without SSWs. We find that El Niño and SSWs both result in negative North Atlantic Oscillation anomalies and have comparable impacts on European precipitation, but SSWs cause larger Eurasian cooling. Our results have implications for predictability of wintertime Eurasian climate.
Untersuchung von Betonproben mit CFK‐ und GFK‐Bewehrung mittels Röntgen‐Computertomografie und ‐laminografie
Authors: Liebschner Mandy , Schladitz Frank , Dinkelaker Max , Heckert Mirko , Enghardt Stefan , Bauch Jürgen
Published: June 2019

Nichtmetallische Bewehrungen werden bereits heute vielfältig im Betonbau eingesetzt. Bisher erfolgt deren Materialprüfung überwiegend unter zerstörenden Bedingungen. So wird die Position der Bewehrungslagen innerhalb der Betonmatrix durch Sichtung und Vermessung von Sägeschnittflächen ermittelt. Bildgebende Verfahren wie Röntgen‐Computertomografie (X‐ray computed tomography, XCT) und ‐laminografie (X‐ray computed laminography, XCL) ermöglichen die zerstörungsfreie Bewertung und Ortung von Bewehrungsmaterialien aus bspw. Carbon‐ und Glasfaser innerhalb eines Betonkörpervolumens. Die Betondeckung sowie der Garnquerschnitt, ‐abstand und die Lage der Bewehrung ließen sich in der Betonmatrix durch XCT sichtbar machen und Letztere mit einer Abweichung von < 0,2 mm, im Vergleich zur zerstörenden Kontrollmessung (bisheriges Verfahren) mittels Messmikroskop, bestimmen. Durch eine spezielle Verfahrenskombination aus Limited‐AngleRöntgen‐Computertomografie (LAT) mit anschließender XCL gelang es, die Detailerkennbarkeit der rekonstruierten Schnittbilder gegenüber den Einzelverfahren zu erhöhen.
Verbund in Glas‐Hartschaum‐Beton‐Sandwichelementen
Authors: Metje Kevin , Leutbecher Torsten , Weimar Thorsten , Hammer Christian
Published: June 2019

Der Verzicht auf mechanische Verbundmittel in Sandwichkonstruktionen des Betonfertigteilbaus erscheint für die Realisierung neuartiger Sandwichelemente wirtschaftlich interessant. Deshalb wurden im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines verbundmittelfreien Glas‐Hartschaum‐Beton‐Sandwichelements Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten zwischen verschiedenen Hartschäumen und normalfestem Beton (NFB) sowie ultrahochfestem Beton (UHFB) durchgeführt. Das Verbundverhalten zwischen Glasvorsatzschale und Hartschaum ist in Teil 2 des Aufsatzes beschrieben. Die Ergebnisse der insgesamt 120 Haftzugversuche und 30 Scherversuche an Beton‐Hartschaum‐Verbundkörpern zeigen, dass durch Betonieren auf den Hartschaum Verbundfestigkeiten in technisch nutzbarer Größenordnung sicher erreicht werden können. Selbst für NFB liegt die Haftzugfestigkeit unabhängig vom Hartschaumtyp und dessen Oberflächentextur um 50 % höher als der für ein unverdübeltes Wärmedämmverbundsystem geforderte Mindestwert. UHFB erzielt deutliche höhere Verbundfestigkeiten, was nach Auswertung lichtmikroskopischer Aufnahmen u. a. auf eine bessere mikromechanische Verzahnung zurückgeführt wird. In einigen Fällen ist die Tragfähigkeit der Verbundkörper durch die Festigkeit des Hartschaums und nicht durch die Verbundfestigkeit der Fuge limitiert.
Verbund in Glas‐Hartschaum‐Beton‐Sandwichelementen
Authors: Weimar Thorsten , Hammer Christian , Leutbecher Torsten , Metje Kevin
Published: June 2019

Sandwichelemente mit Glas als äußere Deckschicht erfordern bisher für eine Verwendung in der Fassade von Gebäuden den Einsatz von mechanischen oder adhäsiven Verbundmitteln. Ein Verzicht auf diese Verbundmittel ist hinsichtlich Ressourcen‐ und Energieeinsparung sowohl bei der Herstellung als auch in der Anwendung vorteilhaft. Der vorliegende Aufsatz berichtet über experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Verbundverhalten zwischen Polyurethan‐Hartschaum und verschiedenen Oberflächen von Floatglas ohne und mit Haftvermittler im Rahmen der Entwicklung eines verbundmittelfreien Glas‐Hartschaum‐Beton‐Sandwichelements. Die Ergebnisse aus Haftzug‐ und Scherversuchen zeigen, dass eine im Sandstrahlverfahren aufgeraute Glasoberfläche zu kohäsivem Versagen im Hartschaum führt. Mit den beiden herstellungsbedingt verschiedenen Glasoberflächen für die Atmosphären‐ und Zinnbadseite erfolgt das Versagen zwischen Hartschaum und Glas adhäsiv. Die Verbunde ohne Haftvermittler weisen keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen Atmosphären‐ und Zinnbadseite auf. Insgesamt erzielen die Prüfkörper mit Haftvermittler höhere Werte für die Haftzug‐ und Scherfestigkeit. Aus licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen der Bruchflächen geht hervor, dass der verwendete Haftvermittler einen deutlichen Einfluss auf die Benetzbarkeit der Glasoberfläche und die Porenausbildung des flüssigen Polyurethan‐Hartschaums aufweist. Der Verbund zwischen Beton und Hartschaum ist in Teil 1 des Aufsatzes beschrieben.
Multiscale dynamic modeling and simulation of a biorefinery
Authors: Ploch Tobias , Zhao Xiao , Hüser Jonathan , von Lieres Eric , Hannemann‐Tamás Ralf , Naumann Uwe , Wiechert Wolfgang , Mitsos Alexander , Noack Stephan
Published: June 2019

A biorefinery comprises a variety of process steps to synthesize products from sustainable natural resources. Dynamic plant‐wide simulation enhances the process understanding, leads to improved cost efficiency and enables model‐based operation and control. It is thereby important for an increased competitiveness to conventional processes. To this end, we developed a Modelica library with replaceable building blocks that allow dynamic modeling of an entire biorefinery. For the microbial conversion step, we built on the dynamic flux balance analysis (DFBA) approach to formulate process models for the simulation of cellular metabolism under changing environmental conditions. The resulting system of differential‐algebraic equations with embedded optimization criteria (DAEO) is solved by a tailor‐made toolbox. In summary, our modeling framework comprises three major pillars: A Modelica library of dynamic unit operations, an easy‐to‐use interface to formulate DFBA process models and a DAEO toolbox that allows simulation with standard environments based on the Modelica modeling language. A biorefinery model for dynamic simulation of the OrganoCat pretreatment process and microbial conversion of the resulting feedstock by Corynebacterium glutamicum serves as case study to demonstrate its practical relevance.
Genetic engineering approaches to improve posttranslational modification of biopharmaceuticals in different production platforms
Authors: Amann Thomas , Schmieder Valerie , Faustrup Kildegaard Helene , Borth Nicole , Andersen Mikael Rørdam
Published: June 2019

The number of approved biopharmaceuticals, where product quality attributes remain of major importance, is increasing steadily. Within the available variety of expression hosts, the production of biopharmaceuticals faces diverse limitations with respect to posttranslational modifications (PTM), while different biopharmaceuticals demand different forms and specifications of PTMs for proper functionality. With the growing toolbox of genetic engineering technologies, it is now possible to address general as well as host‐ or biopharmaceutical‐specific product quality obstacles.

In this review, we present diverse expression systems derived from mammalians, bacteria, yeast, plants, and insects as well as available genetic engineering tools. We focus on genes for knockout/knockdown and overexpression for meaningful approaches to improve biopharmaceutical PTMs and discuss their applicability as well as future trends in the field.
Bridging gaps in heart valve disease care: Opportunities for quality improvement
Authors: Brennan Matthew J. , Coylewright Megan , Ayo‐Vaughan Morenike , Ganesan Nelly
Published: June 2019

In January 2018, the Society of Cardiovascular and Angiography Interventions (SCAI) and Avalere Health (“Avalere”) launched the development of the Heart Valve Initiative to advance the identification and management of patients with heart valve disease. To define the priority gap areas in identification and management of valve disease, a formal environmental scan was conducted to uncover current and planned initiatives that might inform the development of the initiative and bring to light stakeholder activities that seek to address the target patient population. This document summarizes the methodology and key findings from the scan, which will inform the development of interventions, research questions, and quality measure concepts to consider. Understanding that quality improvement initiatives and evidence in cardiovascular care may evolve rapidly, this synopsis represents a snapshot of information gathered from February 2018 to May 2019.
Acute autoimmune myocarditis as a manifestation of Graves’ disease: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Lancaster Scott T. , Koons Kirsten L , Lee Yoo Jin , Mazimba Sula , Kwon Younghoon
Published: June 2019

Acute myocarditis and hyperthyroidism are common diseases that often present in young, otherwise healthy patients. Autoimmunity is central to the pathogenesis of both. Patients presenting with acute myocarditis should be screened for symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and physicians should consider screening for myocarditis in patients with hyperthyroidism and persistent cardiac symptoms.
A Pd(II)‐Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Catalytic Conjugate Additions of Arylboronic Acids to β,β‐Disubstituted Enones
Authors: Heintz Patrick M. , Schumacher Brian P. , Chen Minda , Huang Wenyu , Stanley Levi M.
Published: June 2019

A palladium(II)‐functionalized covalent organic framework (Pd@TpBpy COF) constructed from 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) and [2,2′‐bipyridine]‐5,5′‐diamine (Bpy) is reported as a recyclable catalyst for conjugate additions in aqueous media. Additions of an array of stereoelectronically diverse arylboronic acid nucleophiles to β,β‐disubstituted enones form a variety of ketones containing benzylic all‐carbon quaternary centers in up to 92 % isolated yield. Studies on the recyclability of Pd@TpBpy COF show this catalyst remains active through at least 7 cycles and shows superior stability to related MOF catalysts with bipyridine linker units.
Extremely Active Ethylene Tetramerization Catalyst Avoiding the Use of Methylaluminoxane: [iPrN{P(C6H4‐p‐SiR3)2}2CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]−
Authors: Park Hee Soo , Kim Tae Hee , Baek Jun Won , Lee Hyun Ju , Kim Tae Jin , Ryu Ji Yeon , Lee Junseong , Lee Bun Yeoul
Published: June 2019

Sasol's original ethylene tetramerization catalyst requires the use of expensive MMAO, a low working temperature (∼60 °C), and generates polyethylene (PE) as a side product. In this study, we developed an upgraded catalytic system that successfully avoids the need for MMAO. [(PNP)CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]−‐type species was obtained from the reaction of CrCl3(THF)3, [PhN(H)Me2]+[B(C6F5)4]−, and iPrN[P(C6H4‐p‐Si(nBu)3)2]2 (2) as well as from simply reacting 2 with [CrCl2(NCCH3)4]+[B(C6F5)4]−. The bulky (nBu)3Si‐substituents play the crucial role of preventing the formation of the inactive [(PNP)2CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]−. The prepared [2‐CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]− combined with iBu3Al was extremely active (>4000 kg/g‐Cr/h), performed well at a high temperature of up to 90 °C, and generated a negligible amount of PE (0.03 wt%). Screening the performance with a series of iPrN[P(C6H4‐p‐SiR3)2]2 further supported that bulky R3Si‐substituents are crucial not only to achieve extremely high activities but also to minimize the generation of PE. Structure of a [(PNP)CrCl2]+[B(C6F5)4]− species was elucidated by X‐ray crystallography.
Sequential Assembly of Mutually Interactive Supramolecular Hydrogels and Fabrication of Multi‐Domain Materials
Authors: Piras Carmen C. , Smith David K.
Published: June 2019

A two‐component self‐sorting hydrogel based on acylhydrazide and carboxylic acid derivatives of 1,3:2,4‐dibenzylidene‐d‐sorbitol (DBS‐CONHNH2 and DBS‐COOH) is reported. A heating–cooling cycle induces the self‐assembly of DBS‐CONHNH2, followed by the self‐assembly of DBS‐COOH induced by decreasing pH. Although the networks are formed sequentially, there is spectroscopic evidence of interactions between them, which impact on the mechanical properties and significantly enhance the ability of these low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs) to form gels when mixed. The DBS‐COOH network can be switched “off” and “on” within the two‐component gel through a pH change. By using a photo‐acid generator, the two‐component gel can be prepared combining the thermal trigger with photo‐irradiation. Photo‐patterned self‐assembly of DBS‐COOH within a pre‐formed DBS‐CONHNH2 gel under a mask yields spatially controlled multi‐domain gels. Different gel domains can have different functions, for example, controlling the rate of release of heparin incorporated into the gel, or directing gold nanoparticle assembly. Such photo‐patterned multi‐component hydrogels have potential applications in regenerative medicine or bio‐nano‐electronics.
Gold Sulfonium Benzylide Complexes Undergo Efficient Benzylidene Transfer to Alkenes
Authors: Carden Robert G. , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: June 2019

The gold sulfonium benzylide complexes [(P1)AuCHPh(SR1R2)]+ {B[3,5‐CF3C6H3]4}− [P1=P(tBu)2o‐biphenyl; R1, R2=‐(CH2)4‐ (1 a); R1=Et, R2=Ph (1 b); R1=R2=Ph (1 c)] were synthesized by reaction of the gold α‐chloro benzyl complex (P1)AuCHClPh with sodium tetrakis[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate and excess sulfide. Complexes 1 undergo efficient benzylidene transfer to alkenes and DMSO under mild conditions without external activation. Kinetic analysis of the reaction of 1 c with styrene was consistent with the intermediacy of the cationic gold benzylidene complex [(P1)AuCHPh]+ (I).
Study of Oxygen Vacancies on Different Facets of Anatase TiO2
Authors: Wu Yanan , Fu Yingyi , Zhang Li , Ren Yuanhang , Chen Xueying , Yue Bin , He Heyong
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusion

Anatase TiO2 samples with different ratios of {101} to {001} facets were prepared with hydrothermal method and further treated under three specific calcination atmospheres (air, H2, N2). The characterization results indicate that {001} facets may generate more oxygen vacancies and more Ti3+ species than {101} facets.
Phenol Tautomerization Catalyzed by Acid‐Base Pairs in Lewis Acidic Beta Zeolites: A Computational Study
Authors: Deepankeaw Nutsara , Maihom Thana , Probst Michael , Prasertsab Anittha , Homlamai Kan , Sittiwong Jarinya , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: June 2019

We investigate the tautomerization of phenol catalyzed by acid‐base active pair sites in Lewis acidic Beta zeolites by means of density functional calculations using the M06‐L functional. An analysis of the catalytic mechanism shows that hafnium on the Beta zeolite causes the strongest absorption of phenol compared to zirconium, tin, and germanium. This can be rationalized by the highest delocalization of electron density between the Lewis site and the oxygen of phenol which can in turn be quantified by the perturbative E(2) stabilization energy. The reaction is assumed to proceed in two steps, the phenol O−H bond dissociation and the protonation of the intermediate to form the cyclohexa‐2,4‐dien‐1‐one product. The rate determining step is the first one with a free activation energy of 26.3, 25.0, 22.1 and 22.7 kcal mol−1 for Ge‐Beta, Sn‐Beta, Zr‐Beta, and Hf‐Beta zeolites, respectively. The turnover frequencies follow these reaction barriers. Hence, the intrinsic catalytic activity of the Lewis acidic Beta zeolites studied here is in the order of Hf‐Beta≈Zr‐Beta>Sn‐Beta> Ge‐Beta for the tautomerization of phenol.
The green spillover effect of green customer integration: Does internal integration matter?
Authors: Zhao Yunhui , Zhang Ningshuo , Feng Taiwen , Zhao Chuanli , Zhang Jianming
Published: June 2019

Although the importance of green customer integration has been emphasized, previous findings on how green customer integration influences green product innovation are still inconsistent. To better understand the link between green customer integration and green product innovation, we divided green customer integration into two dimensions (i.e., green customer process integration and green customer information integration) and examine its green spillover effect. On the basis of the survey data from 176 Chinese manufacturers, we found that the impacts of two dimensions of green customer integration on green product innovation are mediated by quality of information sharing. Although both are significant, green customer process integration has a stronger effect on quality of information sharing than green customer information integration. In addition, internal integration positively moderates the relationship between quality of information sharing and green product innovation. Thus, this study helps to unpack the “black‐box” of how green customer integration influences green product innovation and offers a possible explanation for the previous inconsistent findings.
Water in Protic Ionic Liquids: Properties and Use of a New Class of Electrolytes for Energy‐Storage Devices
Authors: Stettner Timo , Gehrke Sascha , Ray Promit , Kirchner Barbara , Balducci Andrea
Published: June 2019

In this work, the properties of “water‐in‐PIL” (PIL=protic ionic liquid) electrolytes are reported based on 1‐butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PyrH4TFSI). Taking advantage of experimental and theoretical investigations, it is shown that the amount of water inside the electrolyte has a dramatic effect on the viscosity, conductivity, density, cation–anion interplay, and electrochemical stability of PyrH4TFSI. The impact of water on the properties of this ionic liquid also affects its use as an electrolyte for electrochemical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs). It is shown that the presence of water improves the transport properties of PyrH4TFSI, with a beneficial effect on the capacitance retention of the devices in which these electrolytes are used. However, at the same time, water reduces the operative voltage of EDLCs containing this PIL as the electrolyte and, furthermore, it has a strong impact on the inactive components of these systems. To suppress this latter problem, and to realize EDLCs with high stability, the use of inactive components stable in aqueous environment appears necessary.
Positive Surface Pseudocapacitive Behavior‐Induced Fast and Large Li‐ion Storage in Mesoporous LiMnPO4@C Nanofibers
Authors: Yang Hao , Liu Jingyuan , Wang Xiaofei , Zhao Chengcheng , Wang Lina , Wang Yonggang , Xia Yongyao , Liu Tianxi
Published: June 2019

Olivine‐structured LiMnPO4 (LMP) is an efficient Li+ host owing to its high theoretical energy density and thermal stability. However, its poor ionic and electronic conductivity severely hinder its practical application. Herein, one‐dimensional (1D) LMP@C nanofibers with in situ created 3D mesoporous architecture are reported and the charge‐storage behavior is addressed. Ultrafine LMP nanoparticles are homogeneously confined in the nanofibers with interconnected and exposed mesoporous intersections, facilitating the electronic/ionic transportation and retarding the pulverization/fracture of electrodes. Remarkably, the hierarchical construction promotes a certain degree of pseudocapacitive contribution. The diffusion‐controlled battery‐type and surface‐controlled capacitive faradaic redox processes act synergistically, giving new insights into Li‐ion storage cathode materials to reach the common goal of high energy density and power density simultaneously. The current separation technique suggests surface‐dominated pseudocapacitance as the major Li+ storage mechanism at high rates, which is regarded as an efficient way to improve the rate performance. Hence, the as‐prepared LMP@C nanofibers could deliver a high reversible capacity of 149.8 mAh g−1 with 92 % charge retention over 300 cycles at 0.2 C (1 C=171 mA g−1). Even at a high rate of 5 C, a capacity of 63.1 mAh g−1 is retained after 2000 cycles with an exceptional cyclic stability.
Effective course registration, add/drop policies key to four‐year graduation rates
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2019

ATLANTA — In 2018, San Diego State University had the number‐one six‐year graduation rate for actual versus predictive graduation rates, which was determined by comparing the university's actual graduation rate to the rate analysts would expect, given such factors as financial resources; admissions data; proportion of economically disadvantaged students; social mobility; and science, technology, engineering, and math orientation. The actual number of students who graduate from SDSU over the course of six years is more than 75 percent.
Collaborative examination of culture paved way for IRSC's national acclaim
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: June 2019

Leaders at Indian River State College in Florida can cite all the requisite numbers that contributed to this year's recognition as a recipient of the prestigious Aspen Prize for Community College Excellence, but a more conceptual yet no less important contributor might have played the most pivotal role in bringing about this achievement.
Map out your journey to the college presidency
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: June 2019

As a young woman from the projects arriving on a college campus with all her belongings in just “two trash bags and a trunk,” Tyjaun Lee couldn't have imagined herself as a college graduate who would go on to earn her master's degree and then her Ph.D. while working her way up through the ranks in student affairs and eventually becoming a college president. But that's indeed what she did. And it certainly took much determination and sacrifice along the way.
Create a physical accessibility partnership with your Registrar's Office
Authors: Jackson Amanda , Perez Kristina
Published: June 2019

Students with mobility impairments became aware of accessibility needs at the age they were diagnosed. Their postsecondary education experience is no different with regard to accessibility needs than what they have experienced previously. Students with mobility impairments often use power or manual wheelchairs, crutches, or knee‐walker scooters to help them navigate campus.
Address pressing issues facing disability services providers
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2019

Keeping up with new challenges is part of the job in disability services. Members of Disability Compliance for Higher Education’s Advisory Board participated in a conference call to discuss issues and trends professionals in the field should look out for. Review what they named as top concerns.
Collaborate to support students with ADHD
Authors: Hamblet Elizabeth C.
Published: June 2019

Many students struggle to adjust to the demands and lack of structure at college. For students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the changes in the environment can be especially challenging.
Students with autism not getting needed job resources
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2019

People with autism spectrum disorder, particularly students and adolescents, are not receiving the assistance to which they are entitled from a government program designed to help individuals with disabilities land jobs. That finding comes from a study published in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, which also found that access to vocational rehabilitation resources for individuals with disabilities, and in particular individuals with autism spectrum disorder, varied widely by state. The vocational rehabilitation program, funded by both state and federal funds, offers resources to help individuals with disabilities find a job and support for those in the workforce already.