bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Socio-demographic correlates of mental health problems among adolescent students in eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hunduma Gari , Dessie Yadeta , Geda Biftu , Yadeta Tesfaye Assebe , Deyessa Negussie
Published: September 2022

Background: Adolescence is a developmental stage that marked by role uncertainty, a lot of stress, and emotional instability, all of which lead them to harmful behavior and poor mental health. Adolescent mental health problems are a substantial burden on society and a serious public health concern, it has not been well assessed in low and middle-income countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of of mental health problems among in-school adolescents in Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3227 in-school adolescents studying in private and public schools in Harari region, eastern Ethiopia. Multistage sampling was used to select primary and secondary school students who participated in the study. Guided self-administered strength and difficulty questionnaire measured mental health problems. Data were double entered, validated, and cleaned using EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using STATA 17. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio between socio-demographic data and mental health problems. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05.
Results: The magnitudes of mental health problems among in-school adolescents by subscale was 24.17% (95% CI: 22.72; 25.67) for internalizing and 11.93% (95% CI: 10.85; 13.09) for externalizing problems. High level of internalizing problem score was more likely among rural residents (AOR= 1.63, 95% CI: 1.23; 2.15), married adolescents (AOR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.10; 1.84), attending public schools (AOR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.18; 1.78), and adolescents whose father’s occupation was farmer (AOR=1.37, 95% CI: 1.01; 1.86). Likewise, the likelihood of high-level of externalizing problem score was high among rural (AOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.72; 3.46); married adolescents (AOR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.02; 2.02); adolescents who live with eight and above family members (AOR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01; 1.65); and adolescents whose fathers’ are not educated (AOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.08; 1.35).
Conclusion: This study revealed that a significant proportion of in-school adolescents experienced either internalizing or externalizing mental problems. The findings highlight the urgent need for better detection, intervention, and prevention strategies for in-school adolescents, particularly focusing on boys, rural residents, public school students, and those whose fathers are farmers and uneducated to reduce mental health problems.
Identification of key molecular signatures in epithelial ovarian cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Gao Yufeng , Lin Yaying , Wang Yuan , Wu Yibo
Published: September 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Downlink Video Communications for Enhanced Hybrid NOMA using Deep Learning Model
Authors: V KAVERI , T Deepa
Published: September 2022

Eventually, the wireless system is one of the most prominent and effectively overloaded with enormous amounts of data information due to the rising number of users. To effectively handle widespread congestion, the current iteration of multiple access (MA) will inevitably fail. Recently, the process of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been brought to light as a promising one for 5G and beyond, since it can improve spectrum and power efficiency for a large number of users simultaneously. In this research, a downlink Hybrid NOMA (H-NOMA) is recommended that combines the advantages of TDMA and NOMA to enhance the robustness of the system and offer two resource management techniques to maximize both outage capacity and ergodic size in a 5G URLLC scenario Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC), and we conclude by proposing a deep-learning-based network, ResNet-50, to cut down on the complexity and latency of 5G URLLC. The suggested systems re-assign subcarrier in a way that maximizes outage capacity rather than ergodic capacity alone, and they select the candidate user for gaining subcarrier in a novel approach. The proposed model relies heavily on NOMA deep residual video identification to guarantee precise user categorization and widespread interaction. Using the obtained data, we examine how the suggested method stacks up against the conventional NOMA in terms of BER. When compared to other methods, the proposed one achieves a 93% (bit/s/Hz) spectrum efficiency, a 92% (bit/Hz/Joule) energy efficiency, and a 91% (bps/Hz) attainable data rate.
Resection of Bladder Tumors at the Ureteral Orifice Using a Hook Plasma Electrode: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Ziyong , Bi Ying , Wang Qilin , Bai Yu , Li RuiQian , Yang Hong , Li Jun
Published: September 2022

Background
The traditional surgical approach for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is transurethral resection of bladder tumors using annular plasma electrodes, but we have innovatively used a hook electrode and proposed a new surgical method.
Case presentation
We assessed a 31-year-old male patient diagnosed with bladder cancer whose pathological type was low-grade urothelial carcinoma. MRI examination suggested that the patient's bladder tumor was located in the right ureteral orifice, and the tumor stage was T1. Subsequently, we used a homemade hook electrode to enucleate the tumor en bloc on the basis of accurately finding a gap between the bottom of the tumor and normal tissue. Meanwhile, we exposed the complete intramural ureter from the bladder wall and finally removed it.
Conclusions
Through this case of a patient, we explored a resection method similar to "sculpting" and achieved good surgical results. The hook electrode is a surgical tool worth promoting, and using it helps us to remove tumors precisely from the bladder wall.
A summary of federal government, health-related data sources accessible to health researchers: A mapping review
Authors: Annis Ann , Reaves Crista , Sender Jessica , Bumpus Sherry
Published: September 2022

Background
Increasing availability of big data presents new opportunities for researchers. Yet, navigating national data sources is challenging. We aimed to review and summarize federally-sponsored, publicly available, health-related data sources.
Methods
We conducted a systematic mapping review of government sources of health-related data on U.S. populations and with active or recent (previous 10 years) data collection. Key measures were: government sponsor, overview and purpose of data, population of interest, sampling design, sample size, data collection methodology, type and description of data, and cost to obtain data. Convergent synthesis was used to aggregate findings.
Results
Among 106 unique data sources, 57 met inclusion criteria. Data sources were classified as survey or assessment data (53%), trends data (47%), summative processed data (47%), primary registry data (30%), and evaluative data (19%). Most (68%) served more than one purpose. The population of interest included individuals/patients (70%), providers (26%), and healthcare sites/systems (25%). The sources collected data on demographic (77%) and clinical information (61%), health behaviors (42%), provider or practice characteristics (39%), healthcare costs (30%), and laboratory tests (14%). Most (75%) offered free datasets.
Discussion
A broad scope of national health data is accessible to researchers. These data provide insights into important health issues and the nation’s healthcare system, while eliminating the burden of primary data collection. Data standardization and uniformity were uncommon across government entities, highlighting a need to improve data consistency.
Conclusion
Secondary analyses of national data are a feasible, cost-efficient means to address national health concerns.
Synthesis and characterization of SSM@NiO/TiO2p-n junction catalyst for bisphenol A degradation
Authors: alli mumtaz
Published: September 2022

Photocatalyst immobilization on support materials is essential for large-scale applications. Here, we describe growth of a p-n junction catalyst (NiO/TiO2) on a stainless-steel mesh (SSM) support using a facile hydrothermal method. The morphological superiority of the composite over previously reported NiO/TiO2 catalysts was probed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Flower petal–like NiO grew uniformly on SSM, which was evenly covered by TiO2 nanoparticles. Theoretical and experimental X-ray diffraction patterns were compared to analyze the development of the composite during various stages of synthesis. The photocatalytic activity of a powdered catalyst and SSM@catalyst was compared by measuring bisphenol A (BPA) degradation. SSM@NiO/TiO2 achieved the highest rate of BPA degradation, removing 96% of the BPA in 120 min. Scavenging experiments were used to investigate the charge separation and degradation mechanism. SSM@NiO/TiO2 showed excellent reusability potential, achieving and sustaining 91% BPA removal after 10 rounds of cyclic degradation. Reusability performance, composite resilience, apparent quantum yields, and figures of merit suggest that SSM@NiO/TiO2 has excellent utility for practical applications.
Ki67 Index Correlates with Tumoral Volumetry, and 5-ALA Compromised Resection Margins in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sprenger Flávia , Junior Erasmo Barros da Silva , Ramina Ricardo , Cavalcanti Marcella Santos , Martins Samuel Botter , Cerqueira Matheus Abrantes , Falcão Alexandre Xavier , Teixeira Bernardo Corrêa de Almeida
Published: September 2022

Background: Malignant gliomas are the most prevalent primary cerebral tumor. Preoperative imaging plays an important role, and the prognosis is closely related to surgical resection and histomolecular aspects. Our goal was to correlate Ki67 indexes with tumoral volumetry in semiautomatic segmentation on preoperative magnetic resonance images in a 5-ALA assisted resection cohort.
Methods: We included initially seventy-eight IDH-wildtype glioblastoma patients with complete preoperative imaging submitted to 5-ALA assisted resections. Clinical, surgical, and histomolecular findings were also obtained. Preoperative magnetic resonance studies were preprocessed and segmented semiautomatically on VISVA for whole tumor (WT) on 3D FLAIR, enhancing tumor (ET), and necrotic core (NC) on 3D post-gadolinium T1. Edema volumes (ED) were obtained from the subtraction of ET and NC from WT. According to previous studies, we used a 20% cutoff for Ki67 for statistical analysis.
Results: Final sample was of 48 patients. Higher Ki-67 indexes correlated positively with higher WT (p = 0,01), ET (p = 0,03) and ED volumes (p = 0,04), with no correlation with NC volumes (p = 0,18). Ki67 indexes were also higher in 5-ALA compromised margins (p = 0,01).
Conclusions: There is a correlation between Ki67, the metabolically active tumoral volumes, and 5-ALA compromised margins. Tumoral volumetry aspects (WT, ET, and ED), except for NC, correlated directly with Ki67 indexes. Methodological inconsistencies are probably responsible for contradictory literature findings, and further studies are needed to validate and reproduce these findings.
Does the Timing of Appendectomy Affect Outcomes and Postoperative Complications?
Authors: Berenguer María San Basilio , Delgado-Miguel Carlos , Ramírez-Amorós Carla , Sarmiento María , Lapeña Lucas Moratilla , Almeyda Arturo , Mejía Ricardo , Martínez Leopoldo
Published: September 2022

Purpose: There is controversy about the necessity of nighttime appendectomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether timing of appendectomy performance plays a role on postoperative complications.
Methods: A retrospective single-center comparative study was performed in children who underwent surgery for acute appendicitis between 2017-2021. Patients were divided into groups based on the time slot in which surgery was performed: morning (8:00h-15:00h), afternoon (15:00h-22:00h) and night (22:00h-08:00h). Demographics, intraoperative data, length of hospital stay and postoperative complications were analyzed and compared.
Results: A total of 1643 patients were included: 337 were operated in the morning, 751 in the afternoon and 555 at night. We found no demographic differences. When comparing the intraoperative data, no differences were observed in the percentage of complicated appendicitis. Night group patients presented a higher percentage of open appendectomies (64.5%) when compared to afternoon (49.6%) and morning (46.2%) groups (p<0.001). Surgery time was also significantly shorter in the night group (45.2min ± 18,9min) (p<0.001). There were no differences in length of hospital stay, postoperative complications rate or readmission rate.
Conclusion: These results show that in our institution time slot in which the appendectomy is performed has no consequences in postoperative outcomes and complications.
Investigation on Air-Blast Explosion Effect on reinforced concrete Buildings (Case Study)
Authors: Mohamed Faiza , Al-Rawi Zauba A. Aziz , Sayed Ahmed El-Badawy , Barahim Abubaker M. Omer , Tawfic Yasser R.
Published: September 2022

As a result of the spread of wars and terrorist acts that led to the bombing of public and private buildings in Aden/Yemen which is a case study, in this research it became necessary to conduct an assessment of the type of damage, and study the possibility of rehabilitating the elements that were partially destroyed. Here; in this paper, we studied of a number of buildings that were subjected to a direct air explosion, assessed the blast force effect of the wave on the surrounding buildings, found that the damage is directly related to the distance to the center of the explosion, as well as the age of the building and the materials used, which give us indications to recognize the factors that help to assess and treat the damage.
Through this study, it was concluded that there is a need to the compressed gas produced from the explosion to be released by hatches in the closed areas in the building. If these hatches affect the function of these areas, weak points must be made in the walls, which it will act as an exit paths for the blast wave emitted from the source, and help the wave transit throughout the area causing less damages in the concrete structure.
Optimization of A2O Process by Changing Anoxic Tank Volume Based on GPS-X Simulation
Authors: Lei Shuhan , Zhao Jianqiang , Zhao Junkai , Xie Shuting , Zhang Ju , Shi Bingfeng
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency of the anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process (A2O), the effect of anoxic tank volume on the total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiency were investigated under different ratios of chemical oxygen demand (COD) to nitrogen (C/N). The results showed that under C/N=7, the HRT of anoxic tank increased from 1.8 h to 3.6 h had little effects on the removal efficiency of COD, but largely improving the removal efficiency of TN and TP which increased from 66.8% and 93.8% to72.0% and 95.2%, respectively. Under C/N=10, increasing the volume of the anoxic tank did not significantly improve the removal efficiency of COD, TN and TP. The optimal HRTs of anoxic tank and the corresponding volume ratios of anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic were 4.0 h, 4.3 h and 1:2.5:6.75, 1:2.69:6.75 simulated by GPS-X software under C/N=7 and C/N=10, respectively. The results proposed that the appropriate elevated the volume of the anoxic tank could help A2O process to meet the TN discharge concentration lower than 15 mg/L. Under low C/N, changing the HRT of anoxic tank to improve the pollutant removal efficiency of A2O reactor was more significantly, so this method was more suitable for the case of insufficient carbon source.
Enzyme activities and gene expression in digestion and metabolism of Hyriopsis cumingii under different temperature and diet ration
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Yang , Li Yanhong , Yao Weizhi , Wu Zhengli
Published: September 2022

The traditional culture method of Hyriopsis cumingii is in urgent need of transformation, industrial aquaculture is a sustainable cultivation mode, and the control of environmental conditions and food is the basis and key. To evaluate combined effects of rations (high-ration, medium-ration, and low-ration) and temperatures (13 ± 0.2℃, 23 ± 0.2℃ and 33 ± 0.2℃) on digestion and metabolism of H. cumingii, a 3 × 3 factor comprehensive test was established. Levels of digestive enzymes like amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), cellulase (CL), metabolic enzymes like glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), pyruvate kinase (PK), hexokinase (HK), and metabolism-related genes like carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT1), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) of mussels were analyzed during 21 days. Results showed levels of digestive and metabolic indicators remained stable in the medium-ration × 23℃ treatment, and were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than others on day 21. When exposed to low-ration, high-ration, 13℃ or 33℃, these biochemical indicators rose briefly and then significantly (P < 0.05) declined. Results suggested the medium-ration and 23℃ were the best diet quantity and temperature for H. cumingii. Short-term thermal, cold, semi-starving, and overfeeding treatments induced metabolic levels of mussels to meet the energy demand of anti-oxidative stress. However, long-term stress resulted in liver injury of H. cumingii, reduced the digestive and metabolic efficiency of the mussel, and affected its growth performance and health. This study has practical significance in exploring culture environment and feeding conditions, controlling breeding cost, and increasing the growth and yield in industrial aquaculture.
High-mobility magnetic two-dimensional electron gas in engineered oxide interfaces
Authors: Yang Ruishu , Gao Yuqiang , Wang Shuanhu , Jin Kexin
Published: September 2022

The engineered interfaces of complex oxides have abundant physical properties and provide a powerful platform for the exploration of fundamental physics and emergent phenomena. In particular, research on the two-dimensional magnetic systems with high mobility remains a long-standing challenge for the discovery of quantum phase and spintronic applications. Here, we introduce a few atomic layers of delta doping layer at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces through elaborately-controllable epitaxial growth of SrRuO3. After inserting a SrRuO3buffer layer, the interfaces exhibit a well-defined anomalous Hall effect up to 100 K and their mobility is enhanced by 3 orders of magnitude at low temperatures. More intriguingly, a large unsaturated positive magnetoresistance is created at interfaces. Combining with the density functional theory calculation, we attribute our findings to the electron transfer at interfaces and the magnetic moment of Ru4+ 4dbands. The results pave a way for further research of two-dimensional ferromagnetism and quantum transport in all-oxide systems.
Curative effect of unilateral double channel spinal endoscopy and endoscopic decompression in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis:a meta-analysis
Authors: Lv Shuangwen , Xia Xiansheng
Published: September 2022

Background
The efficacy of unilateral dual-channel spinal endoscopy (UBE) and microscopic endoscopic decompression (MED) in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) was compared by Meta-analysis.
Method
PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database were searched by computer for all studies on the treatment of LSS with UBE and MED from the establishment of the database to January 2021. Authors, year of publication, study design, subject characteristics, sample size, surgical protocol, age, sex ratio, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, complications, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were obtained. The operation time, hospital stay, complication rate, waist and lower extremity VAS score and ODI before operation, early postoperative period and last follow-up were analyzed by Revman 5.3 software.
Result
Finally, 7 articles were included, including 6 articles in English and 1 article in Chinese; 2 articles were randomized controlled studies, and 5 articles were case-control studies. There were 251 patients in the UBE group and 224 patients in the microscopy group. Compared with the MED group, the UBE group had a shorter hospital stay (MD=-2.28, 95% CI: -3.42~-1.14, P < 0.001), and a lower VAS score for early postoperative low back pain (MD=-0.80, 95%CI) : -1.44~-0.16, P = 0.01), the difference was statistically significant. There were no significant differences in operation time, complication rate, waist VAS score before operation and at last follow-up, lower extremity VAS score, ODI, and dural expansion area before operation, early after operation and at last follow-up between the two groups ( P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared with MED, UBE has better early low back pain relief and hospital stay after LSS, but there is no significant difference in long-term efficacy and safety.
The concept of softness is structurally similar in memory, haptics, and vision
Authors: Cavdan Müge , Goktepe Nedim , Drewing Knut , Doerschner Katja
Published: September 2022

Humans are very accurate and robust at recognizing materials (e.g., linen or hand cream) and estimating their properties (e.g., softness or stickiness). To achieve this, they rely on sensory input as well as on previous knowledge and experience. Softness is an important mechanical material property that can be perceived directly through haptic-, but also indirectly through visual inspection. While visual and haptic softness are similar we have found in previous work that there are also differences in how softness related material attributes are judged. Here, we investigate how softness memory relates to haptic and visual perceptual spaces of softness. We performed an online experiment where people rated different sensory aspects of soft materials, for which only names were presented, i.e., without any haptic or visual information about the material. We compared results with previous studies where identical ratings were made on the basis of visual and haptic information. Correlation and Procrustes analyses show that the description spaces for all materials were similar for verbal, haptic, and visual presentation. However, linear discriminant classifiers also unveiled subtle differences in how soft materials are represented and predicted from different types of information. Specifically, we found that memory better predicted visual than haptic softness.
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the worldwide burden of tinnitus
Authors: Nocini Riccardo , Lippi Giuseppe , Mattiuzzi Camilla
Published: September 2022

Background: This infodemiological analysis is aimed to define whether the worldwide burden of tinnitus may have increased during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods. We performed an electronic search in Google Trends with the term tinnitus as “medical topic”, setting the geographical area to “worldwide”, within a search period comprising the past 5 years (i.e., from August 2017 to August 2022).
Results: A significant increase has been observed in the median worldwide burden of Google searches for tinnitus by comparing the volume after (median, 64; IQR, 60-69) versus before (58; IQR 52-61; p<0.001; +10.3%) the initiation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although such trend was consistent over time irrespective of the virus variants, with values of Google searches always higher than the pre-COVID period (all p<0.001), higher weekly Google Trends searches were noted during prevalence of Delta and Omicron lineages.
Conclusion: Specific interventions shall be planned to support the larger number of patients that may seek healthcare consultation and/or may need to live with tinnitus after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Treatment of distal humeral shaft fractures with metaphyseal locking compression plate through the posterior midline approach
Authors: Huang Xiuxi , Fang Kaibin , Dai Zhangsheng , Lin Xiaocong
Published: September 2022

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of treating distal humeral shaft fractures with metaphyseal locking compression plate(MLCP) fixation through the posterior midline approach．
Methods: From january2005 to january2021, patients with humeral fractures who underwent surgical treatment in a large class III a hospital were selected as the research subjects. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing, complications and elbow function of the two groups were compared.
Result: A total of 125 patients were included in the study, of which 72 patients were included in the observer and 53 patients were included in the control group. These patients were followed up for at least one year.There was no significant difference between the two groups in general information, including age, sex, fracture type and so on.The observation group had advantages in operation time, intraoperative bleeding, average fracture healing time and complications. There was no significant difference in myao score between the two groups.
Conclusion: The use of metaphyseal locking compression plates for fixation of fractures of the middle and lower humerus through the posterior median approach should be considered. This approach has the advantages of short operation time, short fracture healing time and less complications.
Amplification of Annual and Diurnal Cycles of Alpine Lightning
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Mayr Georg J. , Morgenstern Deborah , Umlauf Nikolaus , Zeileis Achim
Published: September 2022

The response of lightning to a changing climate is not fully understood. Historic trends of proxies known for fostering convective environments suggest an increase of lightning over large parts of Europe. Since lightning results from the interaction of processes on many scales, as many of these processes as possible must be considered for a comprehensive answer. Recent achievements of decade-long seamless lightning measurements and hourly reanalyses of atmospheric conditions including cloud micro-physics combined with flexible regression techniques have made a reliable reconstruction of lightning down to its seasonally varying diurnal cycle feasible. The European Eastern Alps and their surroundings are chosen as reconstruction region since this domain includes a large variety of land-cover, topographical and atmospheric circulation conditions. The most intense changes over the last four decades occurred over the high Alps where lightning activity doubled in the past decade compared to the 1980s. There, the lightning season reaches a higher maximum and starts one month earlier. Diurnally, the peak is up to 50% stronger with more lightning strikes in the afternoon and evening hours. Signals along the southern and northern alpine rim are similar but weaker whereas the flatlands surrounding the Alps have no significant trend.
Lowbush Blueberry Notes
Authors: Abdalla Dennis A.
Published: September 2022

Maine Industry Now I.Q.F.: Maine’s lowbush blueberry industry now freezes 70% of its total crop, which averages 25 to 26 million pounds per year. Most of this fruit is frozen in ultramodern I.Q.F. (Individually Quick Frozen) freezers. Tunnel(belt)-type and flo-freeze type I.Q.F. units are now in operation supplying the baking industry with cleaner and more uniform fruit. I.Q.F. blueberries are loose when packaged and easily incorporated into the baked product. Standard package containers include the 20 pound tin, 30 pound poly-lined paper box and 60 nound poly-lined multi-walled paper bag. Presently there are three tunneltype and two flo-freeze type I.Q.F. units in operation solely for lowbush blueberries in Maine.
Effects of N-Dimethyl Amino Succinamic Acid on Quality of Cortland Apples
Authors: Shutak V. G. , Kitchin J. T. , Dayawon M. M.
Published: September 2022

Color and firmness of Cortland apples were improved and storage scald greatly reduced by spraying trees at certain times during the 1964 growing season with N-dimethyl amino succinamic acid (also known as B-995 and more recently as Alar 50°) at the rate of 5,000 ppm. Sprays in early and mid-summer reduced fruit size, however, and late season sprays were not as effective in preventing scald.
Influence of N-Dimethyl Amino Succinamic Acid on Fruit Yield of Once-Over Harvested Tomatoes1
Authors: Bergman Ernest L.
Published: September 2022

At present the use of machinery for harvesting tomatoes is increasing. However, no tomato variety or cultivar is available for once-over harvesting that produces yield and qualitv satisfactory to both growers and processors. It was felt that with the use of a growth retardant such as Alar2, applied as a spray, even ripening could be induced so that commercial acceptable present-day cultivars might be used as a stopgap for machine harvesting until better tomato cultivars are developed.
Inexpensive Temperature Control for Research*
Authors: Foster R. E.
Published: September 2022

A water bath providing accurate and reliable temperature control for many types of biological studies can be made with materials available to all laboratories. The low cost permits assembling multiple units for short-term experiments, yet the equipment is durable enough for continued or repeated use.
Air Transport of Perishables
Authors: Maxie E. C. , Mitchell F. G. , Sommer N. F.
Published: September 2022

The air transport of perishable commodities has increased markedly in recent years. A potential for an even greater volume of business is found in reduced rates and improvements in aircraft and handling facilities.
Stimulation of Leaf Abscission of Woody Plants by Potassium Iodide and Alanine1
Authors: Larsen Fenton E.
Published: September 2022

Nurserymen often wish to dig plants prior to natwl leaf abscission. Plants for some areas could be shipped for fall planting if digging could be done early enough. In other areas an extended digging period would lessen harvest pressure or make better use of labor. Early digging would also de crease danger of losses from early fall freezes. Some plants (i.e. Weigela) retain their leaves extremely late in the season
Water Movement in Stems of American Holly at Low Temperatures
Authors: Winslow A. C. , Havis J. R.
Published: September 2022

Studies on winter desiccation of broadleaved evergreens have raised the question of low temperature impedance of water movement in roots and stems. Temperature control of a section of stem can be readily accomplished by the use of cooling collars. Johnson (3), Handley (1), and Zimmerman (6) have brought about wilting of the leaves of various tree species by cooling parts of the stem to near or below the tissue freezing point. Presumably, the wilting was caused by restriction of water flow through the cooled section of stems. The wilted foliage recovered after the stem temperatures were allowed to rise, but no attempt has been reported to measure the minimum temperature at which water started to flow through the stem after freezing. To obtain information on this latter question was the primary objective of the study reported here.
The Seasonal Sales Problem of a Garden Center,1
Authors: Padgett J. H. , Pokorn F. A.
Published: September 2022

Seasonal demand for nursery products is a major problem encountered by garden center owners throughout the country. The problem is not unique to the garden center business, but one finds that many businesses have seasonal demands for their products and/or services. A solution to this particular business situation for garden centers would certainly increase business profits.
No-till Popcorn Performs as well as Conventionally Grown Popcorn
Authors: Knavel Dean E. , Herron J. W. , White Gerald M.
Published: September 2022

A two-year study of popcorn cultivars grown by no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems indicated that popcorn can be produced successfully by NT. Plant populations, plant heights, ear lengths, and ear weights were generally greater for NT than for CT. Popping expansion of NT corn, except for ‘Snow Puff’, a white kernel cultivar, was equal to that of CT. The use of either NH4NO3 or Ca(NO3)2 at 56 kg N/ha in 1981 and 84 kg N/ha from NH4NO3 in 1982 produced the highest yields. Increasing N to 140 kg/ha decreased yields of ‘Snow Puff’ in CT. The N levels had no effect on popping quality.
In Vitro Plantlet Production from Young Capitulum Explants of Gerbera jamesonii
Authors: Laliberté S. , Chrétien L. , Vieth J.
Published: September 2022

Two clones of Gerbera jamesonii were propagated in vitro from fragments of young capitulum, 0.5 to 0.7 cm in diameter. These were cut into 20 to 25 explants and placed on several media. Media containing 0.57 μm (0.1 mg/liter) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 4.4 or 8.8 μm (1 or 2 mg/liter) 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) gave best shoot production. Three mineral solutions were tested. All shoots over 0.5 cm rooted regardless of the IAA level in the medium.
In Vivo Pollen Germination of Aglaonema Affected by Relative Humidity
Authors: Henny R J
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Aglaonema crispum (Pitcher & manda) Nicols., A. pictum (Roxb.) Kunth and A. commutatum Schott ‘Treubii’ inflorescences pollinated at high (100%) relative humidity (RH) showed excellent in vivo pollen germination. Inflorescences pollinated at low (40% to 50%) RH revealed significantly less germination than those pollinated at high RH. Pollen exposed to low RH for 4 hr before pollination did not germinate.
‘Carolina Nugget’ Sweet Potato
Authors: Pope Daniel T. , Collins Wanda W. , Moyer J. W. , Turner J. L.
Published: September 2022

‘Carolina Nugget’ (Fig. 1) is a moist sweet potato developed at N.C. State Univ. in 1954. In 1957 and 1958, it was tested throughout North Carolina in regional tests as the experimental clone NC 172. Although it never has been released officially as a cultivar, it has been grown for commercial use in several southern states under many different names (e.g., Red Nugget, Carolina Nugget, Golden Nugget). The formal release and naming of this sweet potato cultivar should alleviate the confusion that has occurred when growers market or buy plant material.
Ethylene and Fruit Ripening
Authors: McGlasson W. B.
Published: September 2022

An investigator commencing work on ethylene and fruit ripening is confronted by the enormous diversity among fruit. It is necessary to identify unique characteristics that differentiate fleshy plant structures from other plant parts in order to develop new treatments successfully for extending the commercial life of fruit. Fleshy fruit are typically determinate structures genetically programmed within each species to achieve a distinctive maximum size, shape, color, texture, and taste. Botanical origins of the tissues that comprise fruit are various. The metabolism of fruit is qualitatively similar, despite their morphological and anatomical diversity, in all cases involving glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, terminal oxidases and the biogenesis of ethylene, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, and abscisic acid. Genetic diversity in the patterns of ethylene production during growth, ripening, and senescence is apparent among fruit.
Ethylene-induced Senescence and Physiological Disorders in Harvested Horticultural Crops
Authors: Kader Adel A.
Published: September 2022

Ethylene plays a major role in plant senescence via its direct and indirect effects on the regulation of metabolism. The known physiological and biochemical effects of C2H4 on harvested horticultural crops include increased respiratory activity; increased activity of enzymes such as polygalacturonase, peroxidase, lipoxidase, alphaamylase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL); increased permeability and loss of cell compartmentalization; and alteration of auxin transport or metabolism (34). Nevertheless, the mechanism by which C2H4 promotes senescence remains unknown. Lieberman (21) stated that the action of C2H4 in accelerating senescence can be associated with interactions with auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and abscisic acid (ABA). The mechanisms involved in these interrelationships are not fully understood, but there is evidence to suggest that a general antagonism exists between the senescence promoters (C2H4 and ABA) and the senescence inhibitors (auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins).
Effects of a Vacuum Infusion of a Partially Purified β-Galactosidase Inhibitor on Apple Quality
Authors: Lidster P. D. , McRae K. B. , Dick A. J.
Published: September 2022

An ethyl acetate extract of ground apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) was concentrated and purified for a specific (β-galactosidase inhibitory function. Vacuum infusion of either H2O or the extract restricted initial C2H4 evolution from apples but had no effect on fruit soluble solids and titratable acid levels in apples held at 20°C. Infusion of the extract did not affect the mean CO2 evolution from ‘McIntosh’ apples over a 5-day period but reduced the rate of CO2 evolution over time. Vacuum infusion of the extract containing the (β-galactosidase inhibitor resulted in retention of fruit firmness in ‘McIntosh’ and ‘Gravenstein’ apples held at 20°.
Pubescence as a Factor in Codling Moth, Oviposition, and Fruit Entry in Five Apple Selections
Authors: Plourde D. F. , Goonewardene H. F. , Kwolek W. F.
Published: September 2022

Significant differences (P = 0.05) in fruit infestation by codling moth larvae were found when fruit of 5 apple selections, with different levels of leaf pubescence, were evaluated. No differences in entry into fruit were found when larvae were placed on the relatively glabrous upper leaf surface. Selections having a pubescent lower leaf surface had significantly (P < 0.05) reduced numbers of entries. Females allowed to oviposit freely on fruit and leaves preferred to oviposit on the glabrous upper leaf surface. In all but one selection, more eggs were laid on the leaves than on the fruit. About 70% of larval entries were found in the midsection of the fruit, with 14% and 15% occurring at the calyx and stem ends, respectively. Larval entry was increased on the side of the fruit closest to the light source. Leaf pubescence seems to be a factor in 1st brood codling moth preference of apple cultivars.
Cold Resistance in Peach, Apricot, and Cherry as Influenced by Soilapplied Paclobutrazol
Authors: Proebsting E. L. , Mills H. H.
Published: September 2022

Low temperature injury to flower buds of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.] and sweet cherry [Prunus avium L.] and to one-year-old shoots of peach and apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) during fall and winter was more severe on trees treated with paclobutrazol (PP 333) than on those not treated. Paclobutrazol had no measurable effect on cold resistance of apricot buds or cherry shoots. The average date of 1st bloom was advanced by one to 2 days in all 3 species by paclobutrazol.
Floralmart: Computer-assisted Floriculture Marketing
Authors: Hammer P. Allen , Sullivan Glenn , Alan Wolford Joe
Published: September 2022

A computer program (FLORALMART) was developed to aid the commercial greenhouse grower and retail florists/garden center in locating plants and flowers. The Fast Agricultural Communications Terminal System (FACTS) is a microcomputer network linking each County Extension office and campus office in Indiana with communications to a central front-end computer on the Purdue campus. Businesses may list and search for products they wish to buy or sell. County information is maintained on the local machine while the statewide data base is maintained on the FACTS frontend machine at Purdue Univ.
Watering Frequency and Media Volume Affect Growth, Water Status, Yield, and Quality of Greenhouse Tomatoes
Authors: Snyder Richard G. , Bauerle William L.
Published: September 2022

The influence of 3 watering frequencies and 5 volumes of medium on a spring crop of greenhouse tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was evaluated. Watering frequencies of 1, 4, or 8 times/day had no effect on leaf area, total flower and fruit numbers per plant, percentage of fruit set, leaf number between clusters, or percentage of water in leaves, shoots, or fruit. Plants watered once per day had higher shoot fresh and dry weights than those watered 4 or 8 times per day. Plants grown in 14 liter/plant bags had greater leaf relative water content when measured at noon or midmorning, than plants grown in 7 or 35 liter/plant treatments. Percentage of water and percentage of roots in the medium increased from the upper to lower portion of the bags. Plants grown in the 7 liter/plant bag produced lower yield, smaller fruit, and poorer quality fruit (due mostly to blossom-end rot) than plants from the 14, 21, and 35 liter/plant medium volume treatments.
In Vitro Propagation of Gardenia
Authors: Economou Athanasios S. , Spanoudaki Maria J.
Published: September 2022

Shoot proliferation of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was achieved from cultured shoot tips on a low salt medium supplemented with 25–98 μm (5–20 mg/liter) 2iP after 10 weeks. Reculture of the remaining tissue onto the same medium, after shoot removal, resulted in new shoot proliferation in 6 weeks. These microshoots rooted readily when excised and inserted into sphagnum moss peat under high humidity. Chemical name used. 2iP: N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-lH-purin-6-amine.
Branch Induction on Young ‘Delicious’ Apple Trees by Application of Growth Regulators
Authors: Unrath C. R. , Shaltout Assem D.
Published: September 2022

Application of BA, GA4+7, and Promalin (GA4+7 + BA) to 2-and 3-yearold spur ‘Delicious’ apple trees [Malus domestica(Borkh.)] resulted in an increased number of laterals (> 15 cm) and feathers (5-15 cm). Concentrations of 250 and 500 ppm were most effective. Application at 5 cm of terminal growth was most effective while application after 10 cm was ineffective. Use of the surfactants, Buffer X or Tween 20 (0.3%) with BA application, increased the branching response. Chemical names used: N-(phenylmethyl)-lH-purin-6-amine (BA), Gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4+7).
Training Peaches for Completely Mechanized Production
Authors: Horton B. D.
Published: September 2022

Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] trees were developed into a Y shape without trellis support in orchards with tree densities from 629-897 trees/ha for complete mechanization. Considerable hand pruning was used the 1st year to train the Y’s, but nearly all subsequent pruning was done with a mowing machine sickle bar. Limited experience indicated that the Y shaped tree is well suited for an over-the-row machine that will operate a pruner, sprayer, and continuously moving harvester. Fresh marketable yields of ‘Coronet’ from 1977 through 1981 for the wall ranged from 6.7–22.8 MT/ha and, for the Y’s, ranged from 5.7–25.2 compared to 5.4–15.7 MT/ha for the standard trees. The Y shaped trees and tree walls were more productive than standard trees through the 5th year.
Identification of Plum × Peach Hybrids by Isoenzyme Analysis
Authors: Parfitt D. E. , Arulsekar S. , Ramming D. W.
Published: September 2022

Two isoenzyme systems, glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase, were identified for use as starch gel electrophoretic markers of plum × peach (Prunus salicina × Prunus persica) interspecific hybrids. Two distinct regions of banding were associated with each enzyme system. Different unique banding patterns for each species were observed for plum and peach at 3 of 4 banding regions. Interspecific hybrid plants exhibited hybrid enzyme patterns with bands from both plum and peach in each region. Consequently, interspecific plum × peach hybrid genotypes may be distinguished from parental plum or peach genotypes. These enzyme systems may be used in breeding programs to identify plum × peach hybrid seedlings.
Susceptibility of Cultivars of English Ivy to Two-spotted Spider Mite and Xanthomonas Leaf Spot
Authors: Osborne L. S. , Chase A. R.
Published: September 2022

Cultivars of Hedera helix L. had variable susceptibilities to Xanthomonas leaf spot and twospotted spider mite. ‘Gold Dust’, ‘Perfection’, ‘Sweet Heart’, ‘Eva’, and ‘California’ were relatively resistant to Xanthomonas, whereas ‘Ivalace’, ‘Green Feather’, ‘Hahn Variegated’, and ‘Brokamp’ were the most susceptible. ‘Sweet Heart’, ‘Telecurl’, and ‘Gold Dust’ were relatively resistant to mite population development, vhereas ‘Gold Heart’, ‘Manda Crested’, and ‘California’ were the most susceptible.
Thomas Jefferson: America’s First Horticulturist?
Authors: Fretz T. A. , Johnson R. T. , Lyons R. E.
Published: September 2022

Some horticulturists may regard Liberty Hyde Bailey as the father of American horticulture. Perhaps, this accolade is better reserved for Thomas Jefferson, our nation’s 3rd president, who not only wrote the Declaration of Independence, but also penned the words, “the greatest service which can be rendered any country is, to add a useful plant to its culture” (1).
In Vitro Propagation of Lingonberry
Authors: Hosier Mary A. , Flatebo Gro , Read Paul E.
Published: September 2022

Shoot proliferation of lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus) was achieved in vitro from shoot tips excised from 1-year-old stock plants and cultured on a low-salt medium supplemented with 2iP. Rooting was obtained without auxin application by placing microshoots in a peat-vermiculite medium in a high humidity chamber. After 6 weeks, the rooted plantlets were transplanted into a peat-lite mix, subjected to a 2-week low humidity acclimation process and subsequently acclimated in a greenhouse under 50% shade. Within 9 months, these plantlets developed a rhizomatous growth habit, in contrast to the nonrhizomatous habit of conventionally rooted cuttings. Chemical names used: N-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1H-purin-6-amine (2iP).
Suppression of Axillary Bud Growth on Pinched Potted Chrysanthemums with Naphthaleneacetic Acid
Authors: Furutani Sheldon C. , Shigenaga Gaylen , Nagao Mike A.
Published: September 2022

Spray applications of NAA or NAA ethylester at 1000 ppm acid equivalent (A.E.) reduced axillary bud number by 30% and 21%, and weight by 73% and 52%, respectively, on pinched potted chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Ramat. ‘Mountain Snow’ and ‘Mountain Peak’. Diameter of floral sprays and vegetative heights also were reduced with increasing concentrations. Flower number was not affected by the treatments. NAA treatments caused leaf epinasty, but NAA ethylester treatments did not. Chemical names used: 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Growth of Ficus benjamina in Combinations of Peat, Sand, and Melaleuca
Authors: Poole Richard T. , Conover Charles A.
Published: September 2022

Ficus benjamina were grown in potting media containing various combinations of Florida sedge peat, builder’s sand, and shredded portions of Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake and irrigated either 2 or 4 times per week. Eight months after initiation of experiment, plants were sleeved and placed in dark coolers maintained at 13° ± 1°C and 85% ± 10% RH for 4 weeks. After removal from coolers, plants were placed in rooms with irradiance of 15 μmol s-1m-2, temperature of 25° ± 2° and 60% ± 10% RH. Plant height was not affected by treatment. Plant grade, fresh weight and root grade decreased with an increase in shredded Melaleuca bark and wood. Plants watered 2 times/week had less than one-half the leaf drop of plants watered 4 times/week. As the percentage of shredded Melaleuca bark and wood decreased, pH and the percentage of noncapillary pore space decreased, and soluble salts and capillary pore space increased. An increase in sand increased pH, soluble salts, bulk density, and decreased cation exchange capacity and percent capillary pore space.