bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erdheim-Chester Disease
Authors: Matzumura Melissa , Arias-Stella Javier , Novak James E.
Published: August 2016

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare, xanthogranulomatous, non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis with frequent systemic involvement. Although the diagnosis is based on characteristic histological and radiological findings, its identification can be challenging because of its heterogeneous presentation. Osteosclerosis of long bones, often associated with bone pain, is the most common initial manifestation, followed by extraskeletal manifestations in approximately 50% of cases. There is no standard treatment for ECD, although recommendations have been made on the basis of small studies. A systematic approach to the diagnosis of ECD is important, because its manifestations may be life-threatening and may require specific management. We report an atypical presentation of ECD, with early cardiac, renal, and central nervous system involvement, and only late skeletal manifestations.
Effect of Calcium Phosphate–Hybridized Tendon Graft in Anatomic Single-Bundle ACL Reconstruction in Goats
Authors: Mutsuzaki Hirotaka , Fujie Hiromichi , Nakajima Hiromi , Fukagawa Makoto , Nomura Shunsuke , Sakane Masataka
Published: August 2016

Background:

We previously developed a novel technique using an alternate soaking process that improves tendon-bone healing by hybridizing the tendon graft with calcium phosphate (CaP). However, the effects of the CaP-hybridized tendon graft on anatomic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remain unclear.

Purpose:

To determine the effects of CaP-hybridized tendon grafts compared with untreated tendon grafts 6 months after anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using a goat model.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Animals were divided into a CaP group (n = 5 goats) and a control group (n = 5 goats), and we analyzed (1) knee kinematics and in situ forces under applied anterior tibial loads of 50 N and internal tibial torque of 2.0 N·m in the grafts at full extension and at 60° and 90° of knee flexion, (2) the mean percentage of bone tunnel enlargement using computed tomography (CT), and (3) the histology of the tendon-bone interface.

Results:

The in situ forces under applied anterior tibial loads of 50 N at 60° and 90° of knee flexion in the CaP group were greater than those in the control group ( P < .05). The red safranin-O–stained area, indicating glycosaminoglycans in the cartilage layers at the joint aperture sites of the anterior femoral and posterior tibial bone tunnel, was greater in the CaP group than that in the control group ( P < .05). The lengths of the nonbonding gap area between the anterior femoral and posterior tibial bone tunnels in the control group were greater than those in the CaP group ( P < .05). No significant difference could be detected in the mean percentage of bone tunnel enlargement between the 2 groups.

Conclusion:

The CaP-hybridized tendon graft enhanced tendon-bone healing at the joint aperture site in both anterior femoral and posterior tibial tunnels 6 months after anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction in goats. The in situ forces under applied anterior tibial loads at greater flexion angles in the CaP group increased compared with controls.

Clinical Relevance:

Anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction using CaP-hybridized tendon grafts may lead to better postoperative knee function.
Accuracy of Different Methods for Assessing Erosive Tooth Wear
Authors: Bliggenstorfer S.E. , Lussi A.
Published: August 2016

The detection of exposed dentine caused by erosive tooth wear is difficult. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies available on the impact of magnification and/or dye on the detection of erosive lesions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the accuracy of assessing exposed dentine by the naked eye could be improved by using a microscope, dyeing, or a combination of both. The collected data were compared with the assessment of histological sections, which was considered the gold standard. A total of 70 teeth (24 teeth with slight erosion and 46 teeth with dentine involvement) showing different grades of erosive tooth wear were assessed 4 times by 17 examiners (9 aged <40 y, 8 aged ≥40 y). The first assessment was performed without magnification and without dye, the second assessment with magnification and without dye, the third assessment without magnification and with dye, and the fourth assessment with magnification and with dye. The examiners decided if dentine was exposed in the area of interest (positive test result) or not (negative test result). Subsequently, the teeth were histologically evaluated. Enamel was still present in 6 teeth and dentine was exposed in 64 teeth. Microscope magnification without dye performed the best, with 86% of all assessments being correct. The use of microscope magnification had a significant impact for dentists older than 40 y ( P = 0.02). The authors conclude that the assessment of exposed dentine was best when a microscope was used alone and that an additional dyeing of the samples did not improve performance.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Clinicians can use the results of this study when they assess erosive tooth wear. It will help clinicians to detect erosive tooth wear correctly, particularly the involvement of dentine. Using a microscope in the diagnostic process has a direct impact on the right assessment and consequently on prevention and/or minimally invasive treatment.
A Simple Tool for Communicating the Benefits and Harms of Health Interventions
Authors: McDowell Michelle , Rebitschek Felix G. , Gigerenzer Gerd , Wegwarth Odette
Published: August 2016

One of the major hurdles to promoting informed decision making in health is the continued use of poor risk presentation formats. This article offers a guide to develop a Fact Box, a simple decision tool to present data about the benefits and harms of treatments that has been demonstrated to improve understanding of health risks, an important part of risk literacy. The article offers guidance about how to determine the evidence basis for a health topic, select outcomes to report, extract and present numbers or outcomes, and design the layout. The guide also addresses potential challenges for summarizing evidence and provides alternatives for addressing issues related to missing, insufficient, imprecise, or conflicting evidence and for dealing with issues related to statistical and clinical significance. The guide concludes with details on how to document the development of the Fact Box for the purpose of transparency and reproducibility. Fact Boxes are an efficient tool to promote risk literacy and should be available in every physician’s office.
Is our knowledge of voice and silence in organizations growing? Building bridges and (re)discovering opportunities
Authors: Knoll Michael , Wegge Jürgen , Unterrainer Christine , Silva Silvia , Jønsson Thomas
Published: August 2016

This article has three objectives. Firstly, we seek to demonstrate the relevance of voice and silence – that is, whether employees contribute or withhold information, ideas, views and/or concerns at work – for the sustainable development of individuals, organizations and societies. Our second objective is to identify emerging (and enduring) issues – conceptual, theoretical and methodological – that have not yet been adequately addressed in voice and silence research. These issues include the relationship between voice and silence, how they may manifest in organizations, their manifold antecedents inside and beyond organizational boundaries, their potentially positive and negative effects for internal and external stakeholders, and methodological questions. The third objective is to propose opportunities for addressing these issues with the ultimate aim to build a broader and more integrative approach to the nature of silence and voice and their antecedents and consequences. These opportunities include a multi-level model specifying elements and processes leading to individual and collective voice and silence, approaches to voice and silence that have received little attention in organizational research so far, and methodological developments that might reveal new facets of voice and silence. Based on these elaborations, we derive avenues for practitioners who are concerned with promoting voice and preventing/overcoming silence in organizations.
Employee voice and silence in temporary agency work
Authors: Rybnikova Irma
Published: August 2016

Despite the increasing relevance of temporary agency work, studies dealing with this type of work arrangement in reference to employees’ voice and silence have remained rare so far. Literature mainly deals with voice mechanisms and processes with reference to traditional (permanent) workplaces. The present study tackles peculiarities of employee voice in the context of temporary agency work. The empirical material, based on 19 interviews with German temporary agency workers and agency managers, reveals that temporary agency work abounds in mechanisms inducing employee silence, but also contains instances supporting voice. Several structural and social conditions surrounding this employment mode turn out to be decisively important for processes of silence and voice, like the duration of assignments, working and task arrangements, power status of temporary employees, fear and support of agency.
Status matters: The moderating role of perceived newcomer status in leader and coworker influences on challenging organizational citizenship behaviour
Authors: Wesche Jenny Sarah , Teichmann Eleni
Published: August 2016

Organizations often fail to encourage employees, especially newcomers, to come forward with their suggestions and implement changes to improve the status quo, that is, to engage in challenging organizational citizenship behaviour (C-OCB). In order to be able to stimulate these behaviours from the outset and throughout a career a better understanding of contextual antecedents of C-OCB is needed. This study investigates how leaders and coworkers might facilitate C-OCB of employees ( N = 266) with varying perceived newcomer status.

Results revealed positive main effects of coworker variables (team-member exchange and coworkers’ C-OCB) but not of empowering leadership on C-OCB. Perceived newcomer status had a negative main effect on C-OCB and moderated the effects of both coworker variables: the positive effect of team-member exchange on C-OCB was stronger for those with higher compared to those with lower perceived newcomer status. Conversely, the positive effect of coworkers’ C-OCB on participants’ C-OCB was stronger for those with lower compared to those with higher perceived newcomer status. These findings provide evidence for the important role of coworkers in addition to leaders for understanding C-OCB.
Stepwise iterative maximum likelihood clustering approach
Authors: Sharma Alok , Shigemizu Daichi , Boroevich Keith A. , López Yosvany , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kubo Michiaki , Tsunoda Tatsuhiko
Published: August 2016

Background

Biological/genetic data is a complex mix of various forms or topologies which makes it quite difficult to analyze. An abundance of such data in this modern era requires the development of sophisticated statistical methods to analyze it in a reasonable amount of time. In many biological/genetic analyses, such as genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis or multi-omics data analysis, it is required to cluster the plethora of data into sub-categories to understand the subtypes of populations, cancers or any other diseases. Traditionally, thek-means clustering algorithm is a dominant clustering method. This is due to its simplicity and reasonable level of accuracy. Many other clustering methods, including support vector clustering, have been developed in the past, but do not perform well with the biological data, either due to computational reasons or failure to identify clusters.

Results

The proposed SIML clustering algorithm has been tested on microarray datasets and SNP datasets. It has been compared with a number of clustering algorithms. On MLL datasets, SIML achieved highest clustering accuracy and rand score on 4/9 cases; similarly on SRBCT dataset, it got for 3/5 cases; on ALL subtype it got highest clustering accuracy for 5/7 cases and highest rand score for 4/7 cases. In addition, SIML overall clustering accuracy on a 3 cluster problem using SNP data were 97.3, 94.7 and 100 %, respectively, for each of the clusters.

Conclusions

In this paper, considering the nature of biological data, we proposed a maximum likelihood clustering approach using a stepwise iterative procedure. The advantage of this proposed method is that it not only uses the distance information, but also incorporate variance information for clustering. This method is able to cluster when data appeared in overlapping and complex forms. The experimental results illustrate its performance and usefulness over other clustering methods. A Matlab package of this method (SIML) is provided at the web-linkhttp://www.riken.jp/en/research/labs/ims/med_sci_math/.
Prediction of redox-sensitive cysteines using sequential distance and other sequence-based features
Authors: Sun Ming-an , Zhang Qing , Wang Yejun , Ge Wei , Guo Dianjing
Published: August 2016

Background

Reactive oxygen species can modify the structure and function of proteins and may also act as important signaling molecules in various cellular processes. Cysteine thiol groups of proteins are particularly susceptible to oxidation. Meanwhile, their reversible oxidation is of critical roles for redox regulation and signaling. Recently, several computational tools have been developed for predicting redox-sensitive cysteines; however, those methods either only focus on catalytic redox-sensitive cysteines in thiol oxidoreductases, or heavily depend on protein structural data, thus cannot be widely used.

Results

In this study, we analyzed various sequence-based features potentially related to cysteine redox-sensitivity, and identified three types of features for efficient computational prediction of redox-sensitive cysteines. These features are: sequential distance to the nearby cysteines, PSSM profile and predicted secondary structure of flanking residues. After further feature selection using SVM-RFE, we developed Redox-Sensitive Cysteine Predictor (RSCP), a SVM based classifier for redox-sensitive cysteine prediction using primary sequence only. Using 10-fold cross-validation on RSC758 dataset, the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, MCC and AUC were estimated as 0.679, 0.602, 0.756, 0.362 and 0.727, respectively. When evaluated using 10-fold cross-validation with BALOSCTdb dataset which has structure information, the model achieved performance comparable to current structure-based method. Further validation using an independent dataset indicates it is robust and of relatively better accuracy for predicting redox-sensitive cysteines from non-enzyme proteins.

Conclusions

In this study, we developed a sequence-based classifier for predicting redox-sensitive cysteines. The major advantage of this method is that it does not rely on protein structure data, which ensures more extensive application compared to other current implementations. Accurate prediction of redox-sensitive cysteines not only enhances our understanding about the redox sensitivity of cysteine, it may also complement the proteomics approach and facilitate further experimental investigation of important redox-sensitive cysteines.
Establishing a tree shrew model of systemic lupus erythematosus and cell transplantation treatment
Authors: Ruan Guang-Ping , Yao Xiang , Liu Ju-Fen , He Jie , Li Zi-An , Yang Jian-Yong , Pang Rong-Qing , Pan Xing-Hua
Published: August 2016

Background

The establishment of a tree shrew model for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) provides a new method to evaluate the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Methods

Eighty tree shrews were randomly divided into four groups receiving either an intraperitoneal injection of pristane, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or pristane and LPS, or no injection. Three weeks after injection, the SLE model tree shrews were divided into the model group and the treatment group. Tree shrews in the treatment group and the normal control group were infused with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). The cells were labeled with DiR. Two weeks after transplantation, three groups of tree shrews were analyzed for urine protein, serum antinuclear antibodies and antiphospholipid, and inflammatory cytokine antibody microarray detection. The heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were collected from the three groups and subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and detection of renal immune complex deposition.

Results

HE staining indicated pathology in the model group. Red fluorescence revealed immune complex deposition in the kidneys from the model group.

Conclusions

The combined intraperitoneal injection of pristane and LPS is the best way to induce SLE pathological changes. The pathological changes improved after UC-MSC treatment.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: An augmented Riesz decomposition method for sharp estimates of certain boundary value problem
Authors: Wang Jiaofeng , Huang Bin , Yamini Nanjundan
Published: August 2016

In this paper, by using an augmented Riesz decomposition method, we obtain sharp estimates of harmonic functions with certain boundary integral condition, which provide explicit lower bounds of functions harmonic in a cone. The results given here can be used as tools in the study of integral equations.
Mathematical modeling and optimization of complex structures: a review
Authors: Riaz Samia , Chaudhry Qasim Ali , Siddiqui Sidra
Published: August 2016

Book details

Pekka Neittaanmäki, Sergey Repin and Tero Tuovinen (Eds.).

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Complex Structures; Series: Computational Methods in Applied Sciences.

Springer International Publishing AG, Switzerland; 2016.

E-book, XXI, 328 pages, ISBN: 9783319235646, Hard-cover ISBN: 9783319235639, Library of Congress Control Number: 2015947948, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-23564-6.
In situ and in-transit analysis of cosmological simulations
Authors: Friesen Brian , Almgren Ann , Lukić Zarija , Weber Gunther , Morozov Dmitriy , Beckner Vincent , Day Marcus
Published: August 2016

Modern cosmological simulations have reached the trillion-element scale, rendering data storage and subsequent analysis formidable tasks. To address this circumstance, we present a new MPI-parallel approach for analysis of simulation data while the simulation runs, as an alternative to the traditional workflow consisting of periodically saving large data sets to disk for subsequent ‘offline’ analysis. We demonstrate this approach in the compressible gasdynamics/N-body code Nyx, a hybrid $\mbox{MPI}+\mbox{OpenMP}$
MPI
+
OpenMP
code based on the BoxLib framework, used for large-scale cosmological simulations. We have enabled on-the-fly workflows in two different ways: one is a straightforward approach consisting of all MPI processes periodically halting the main simulation and analyzing each component of data that they own (‘in situ’). The other consists of partitioning processes into disjoint MPI groups, with one performing the simulation and periodically sending data to the other ‘sidecar’ group, which post-processes it while the simulation continues (‘in-transit’). The two groups execute their tasks asynchronously, stopping only to synchronize when a new set of simulation data needs to be analyzed. For both the in situ and in-transit approaches, we experiment with two different analysis suites with distinct performance behavior: one which finds dark matter halos in the simulation using merge trees to calculate the mass contained within iso-density contours, and another which calculates probability distribution functions and power spectra of various fields in the simulation. Both are common analysis tasks for cosmology, and both result in summary statistics significantly smaller than the original data set. We study the behavior of each type of analysis in each workflow in order to determine the optimal configuration for the different data analysis algorithms.
Complete genome sequence of thermophilic Bacillus smithii type strain DSM 4216T
Authors: Bosma Elleke F. , Koehorst Jasper J. , van Hijum Sacha A. F. T. , Renckens Bernadet , Vriesendorp Bastienne , van de Weijer Antonius H. P. , Schaap Peter J. , de Vos Willem M. , van der Oost John , van Kranenburg Richard
Published: August 2016

Bacillus smithii is a facultatively anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium able to use a variety of sugars that can be derived from lignocellulosic feedstocks. Being genetically accessible, it is a potential new host for biotechnological production of green chemicals from renewable resources. We determined the complete genomic sequence of the B. smithii type strain DSM 4216T, which consists of a 3,368,778 bp chromosome (GenBank accession number CP012024.1) and a 12,514 bp plasmid (GenBank accession number CP012025.1), together encoding 3880 genes. Genome annotation via RAST was complemented by a protein domain analysis. Some unique features of B. smithii central metabolism in comparison to related organisms included the lack of a standard acetate production pathway with no apparent pyruvate formate lyase, phosphotransacetylase, and acetate kinase genes, while acetate was the second fermentation product.
Changing the Subject? Psychological Counseling in Eastern Africa
Authors: Vaughan Megan
Published: August 2016

Does the spread of psychological counseling techniques in eastern Africa represent a “globalization” of the mind? This essay traces the genealogies of this phenomenon and points to the ways in which a set of imported techniques has been localized.
Abiding Chance: Online Poker and the Software of Self-Discipline
Authors: Schüll Natasha Dow
Published: August 2016

Online poker gamblers employ software to track and algorithmically analyze play-by-play game information in real time, parsing opponents’ behavioral patterns and tendencies into color-coded numerical values that hover over their respective positions at the virtual table. These continuously updated statistical dashboards, along with retrospective game analysis and methodical routines of self-adjustment, help gamblers abide swings of chance and avoid falling into the emotionally clouded, fiscally dangerous state of “tilt.” Drawing on interviews with gamblers, observations of online poker play, and discussion threads from poker forum archives, the article explores how the game and its data-intensive software teach gamblers to act from the vantage of an infinite temporal field in which probabilistic values can be trusted to bear out. Although digital media is often associated with choice paralysis and the disappearance of the subject, here it serves as a technology of the self. The composure toward chance events that gamblers cultivate online carries over to their lives off-line, lending them a subjective “readiness” for living with uncertainty. The case of online poker offers a window onto broader predicaments of choice making under conditions of heightened economic volatility.
Meio ambiente e arena pública: governança ambiental e suas implicações para as políticas públicas
Authors: Villela Garcia Maria Lucia , Gomes Marcus Vinícius Peinado
Published: August 2016

O quadro institucional da sociedade contemporânea se alterou, uma vez que a fronteira entre a esfera do público e do privado se torna cada vez mais fluida, isto é, o Estado não é mais o único ator a regular o comportamento dos agentes sociais, muito menos a desenvolver questões sobre o que é público. Isso não é diferente quando se trata de questões ambientais. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem o objetivo de apontar uma abordagem sobre as ações públicas para o meio ambiente com base no exame das experiências do banco de dados do programa Gestão Pública e Cidadania e das ações recentes da Rede Amigos da Amazônia. Concluiu-se que tal abordagem deve considerar pelo menos três elementos: transversalidade, uma vez que os impactos ambientais envolvem diferentes áreas do conhecimento e da ação governamental; não neutralidade, considerando que a compreensão dos impactos ambientais passa por uma negociação na arena pública; governança, haja vista que a temática ambiental requer a articulação e o relacionamento de diferentes atores.
How MCM loading and spreading specify eukaryotic DNA replication initiation sites
Authors: Hyrien Olivier
Published: August 2016

DNA replication origins strikingly differ between eukaryotic species and cell types. Origins are localized and can be highly efficient in budding yeast, are randomly located in early fly and frog embryos, which do not transcribe their genomes, and are clustered in broad (10-100 kb) non-transcribed zones, frequently abutting transcribed genes, in mammalian cells. Nonetheless, in all cases, origins are established during the G1-phase of the cell cycle by the loading of double hexamers of the Mcm 2-7 proteins (MCM DHs), the core of the replicative helicase. MCM DH activation in S-phase leads to origin unwinding, polymerase recruitment, and initiation of bidirectional DNA synthesis. Although MCM DHs are initially loaded at sites defined by the binding of the origin recognition complex (ORC), they ultimately bind chromatin in much greater numbers than ORC and only a fraction are activated in any one S-phase. Data suggest that the multiplicity and functional redundancy of MCM DHs provide robustness to the replication process and affect replication time and that MCM DHs can slide along the DNA and spread over large distances around the ORC. Recent studies further show that MCM DHs are displaced along the DNA by collision with transcription complexes but remain functional for initiation after displacement. Therefore, eukaryotic DNA replication relies on intrinsically mobile and flexible origins, a strategy fundamentally different from bacteria but conserved from yeast to human. These properties of MCM DHs likely contribute to the establishment of broad, intergenic replication initiation zones in higher eukaryotes.
Dr. Karol de Beaurain – a psychiatrist’s profile. Part 1
Authors: Rutkowski Krzysztof , Dembińska Edyta
Published: August 2016

Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie postaci doktora Karola de Beaurain – psychiatry, który należał do grona pierwszych Polaków leczących psychoanalizą. Dotychczas dr Beaurain był znany z krótkich wzmianek w publikacjach dotyczących życia i twórczości Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza (Witkacego), gdyż w latach 1912-1913 prowadził jego psychoanalizę. Urodzony w 1867 roku Beaurain studiował medycynę na uniwersytetach szwajcarskich (Zurich, Berno, Genewa), tam też obronił doktorat. Przygotowany do pracy lekarza uzdrowiskowego po powrocie na ziemie polskie osiadł w Poroninie, gdzie poza pełnieniem funkcji lekarza okręgowego zaangażował się w działalność społeczną i kulturalną. Około roku 1910 zainteresowania zawodowe dr Beauraina zwróciły się w kierunku psychiatrii i psychoterapii. Pod koniec 1911 przeprowadził się do Zakopanego, gdzie otworzył prywatną praktykę w zakresie „chorób nerwowych”. W tym samym czasie zaczął również leczyć pierwszych pacjentów z wykorzystaniem technik psychoanalizy. Pierwsza cześć artykułu poświęcona jest życiu dr Beaurain od urodzenia, poprzez okres studiów i przygotowań do rozpoczęcia pracy zawodowej, aż do momentu rozpoczęcia działalności psychoanalitycznej.
Is spoon-feeding justified for infants of 6 months? What does the evidence tell us?
Authors: Rapley Gill
Published: August 2016

The current recommended age to start complementary feeding is 6 months. At this age, most infants are capable of picking up pieces of food and taking them to their mouth; and yet there is an expectation that spoon-feeding will feature—in the early weeks, at least—in the transition to solid foods. This article looks at the rationale for this practice and presents evidence that, far from being necessary, spoon-feeding may contribute to feeding and health problems.
Flora of Bahia: Leguminosae – Canavalia (Papilionoideae: Diocleae)
Authors: Snak Cristiane , De Queiroz Luciano Paganucci
Published: August 2016

We present the Flora of Canavalia (Leguminosae) from the state of Bahia, Brazil. The genus encompasses five species in the state: C. brasiliensis, C. cassidea, C. dolichothyrsa, C. parviflora and C. rosea. The treatment includes an identification key, descriptions, illustrations, general comments and distribution maps of the species in Bahia.
Comments on Methods to Suppress Endogenous β-Galactosidase Activity in Mouse Tissues Expressing the LacZ Reporter Gene
Authors: Merkwitz Claudia , Blaschuk Orest , Schulz Angela , Ricken Albert Markus
Published: August 2016

The Escherichia coli LacZ gene (encoding β-galactosidase) is a widely used reporter for gene regulation analysis in transgenic mice. Determination of β-galactosidase activity is classically performed using 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside/ferri-/ferrocyanide (X-Gal/FeCN) histochemistry. Uncertainty about the origin of the β-galactosidase signal is encountered in tissues containing high levels of endogenous β-galactosidase. Here, we show that reliable results can nevertheless be obtained in these tissues by performing the histochemical reaction under slightly basic pH conditions (pH 8–9). We further demonstrate that in this context, analysis of tissue sections may be advantageous over that of conventional whole-mount tissues because poor dye penetration and remaining tissue acidity are avoided in tissue sections. We also recommend that bacterial debris should always be carefully removed from the luminal surface of gastrointestinal tract specimens unless staining of resident microflora is deliberately used as an internal positive control in the assay. Finally, we show that 6-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside with nitrotetrazolium blue chloride works well as an alternative chromogenic substrate for visualizing LacZ reporter gene expression in cryostat sections. Its use in high endogenous β-galactosidase-expressing organs is superior over the use of X-Gal/FeCN at slightly basic pH conditions.
Interview with Robert J. Landy
Authors: Fisher Teresa A.
Published: August 2016

In this article, the author speaks with drama therapy pioneer, Dr Robert J. Landy, to discuss his experience in the drama therapy field over the past 30 years and the legacy he hopes to leave as he prepares to retire from academia.
Reviews
Authors: Johnston Brittany , Chang Fiona
Published: August 2016

Mindfulness and the Arts Therapies: Theory And Practice, Laury Rappaport (ed.) (2013) London and Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 352 pp., ISBN: 9781849059091, p/bk, $29.95

Unfolding Reflection from the Flowing Tao of Expressive Arts – The 11th International Expressive Arts Therapy Association Conference, Hong Kong, People’s Republic Of China, 6–10 October 2015
The arts and health: Moving beyond traditional medicine
Authors: Fleischer Stefanie , Grehan Mary
Published: August 2016

This article gathers evidence on the beneficial effects of the arts on health, health care and well-being. This was done by means of a review of research conducted in Ireland, the UK, Canada and Australia, dating from 1999 to 2014. The research outcomes are summarized and presented in sections on general health, older people and health care staff. A short section on ‘social prescribing’ and its increased use in primary health care is included in the section on mental health. In all sectors it was found that there are beneficial effects, especially for relieving stress and improving socialization. This review also includes the problems encountered in the research methodologies, as well as recommendations from researchers for future arts and health projects.
Duration of peripheral intravenous catheter use and development of phlebitis
Authors: Andriyani Rita , Satari Hindra Irawan , Amalia Pustika
Published: August 2016

Background Phlebitis is a common complication in patients withperipheral intravenous catheters, in addition to extravasation andbacterial colonization. Phlebitis may increase morbidity and lengthof hospitalization. One factor contributing to the rate of phlebitis isthe duration of peripheral intravenous catheter use. Several adultstudies have shown that the risk of developing phlebitis increasedwhen the peripheral intravenous catheter was used for more than72 hours. However, in pediatric patients this risk has not beenconsistently observed. As such, there is no recommendation forroutine catheter removal every 72 hours in children.Objective To assess for a possible relationship between durationof peripheral intravenous catheter use and the development ofphlebitis.Methods This analytic observational study had a case controldesign. Subjects consisted of 73 case subjects and 73 controlsubjects. We collected subj ects' data through history-taking andclinical examinations. The duration of peripheral intravenouscatheter use was reported in hours.Results From October 2011 to February 2012, 146 children fromthe Department of Child Health at Dr. Cipto MangunkusumoHosp ital and Tangerang Hospital who used peripheral intravenouscatheters were enrolled in this study. There was no significantdifference between <7 2-hour and 2: 72-hour duration ofperipheral catheter use (OR 1.31; 95%CI 0.687 to 2.526;P= 0.407) on the development of phlebitis.Conclusion We observe no relationship between duration ofperipheral intravenous catheter use and the development ofphlebitis in our subjects.
Association between the frequency of disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infection in children
Authors: Daulay Meirina , Siregar Rosmayanti , Ramayani Oke Rina , Supriatmo Supriatmo , Ramayati Rafita , Rusdidjas Rusdidjas
Published: August 2016

Background Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most commoncause of fever in children. Less frequent disposable diaper changingis thought to be a cause ofUTI in children. While wearing a diapei;the perinea! area becomes damp with urine allowing bacteria tomigrate from the anus to the external urethral orifice.Objective To assess for an association between the frequencyof disposable diaper changing and urinary tract infections inchildren.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in thechildren's outpatient clinic of Haji Adam Malik Hospital fromApril to June 2010. Urine culture was performed in children withsuspected UTI who wore disposable diapers every day. Subjects'ages ranged from 2 months to 2 years 6 months, with samplesmatched and collected by consecutive sampling. Diagnosis ofUTIwas based on urine cultures with bacterial count 2:: 105/mL. Eightychildren were followed in this study and divided into two groups:positive (n=40) and negative (n=40) urine cultures. Chi squaretest was use d to analyze the association between the frequency ofdaily disposable diapers changing during a one week period andthe urine culture results.Results The frequency of daily disposable diapers changing in80 subjects was as follows: < 4 times (22.5%), 4-5 times (40%),and 2::6 times (37.5%) . The frequency of daily disposable diaperchanging in children with positive urine culture was as fo llows:< 4 times (1 8 out of 40), 4-5 times (22 out of 40), and 2::6 times(O out of 40); (P < 0.0001). The most common bacterial speciesfound in urine cultures was Escherichia coli.Conclusion Lower frequency of daily disposable diaper changingis significantly associated with higher UTI incidence in children.
Molecular analyses in Indonesian individuals with intellectual disability and microcephaly
Authors: Mundhofir Farmaditya EP , Tunjungputri Rahajeng N , Nillesen Willy M , Van Bon Bregje WM , Ruiterkamp-Versteeg Martina , Winarni Tri I , Hamel Ben CJ , Yntema Helger G , Faradz Sultana MH
Published: August 2016

Background Intellectual disability (ID) often coincides with anabnormal head circumference (HC). Since the HC is a reflectionof brain size, abnormalities in HC may be a sign of a brain anomaly.Although microcephaly is often secondary to ID, hereditary(autosomal recessive) forms of primary microcephaly (MCPH)exist that result in ID.Objective To investigate mutations in MCPH genes in patientswith ID and microcephaly.Methods From a population of 527 Indonesian individuals withID, 48 patients with microcephaly (9.1 %) were selected. Thesepatients were previously found to be normal upon conventionalkaryotyping, fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMRl) gene analysis,subtelomeric deletion, and duplication multiplex ligationdependentprobe amplification (MLPA). Sanger sequencing forabnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (ASPM) and WDrepeat domain 62 (WDR62) was performed in all 48 subjects, whilesequencing for microcephalin (MCPHl), cyclin-dependent kinase5 (CDK5) regulatory subunit-associated protein 2 (CD5KRAP2) ,centromere protein} (CENPJ), and SCUfALl interrupting locus(STIL) was conducted in only the subjects with an orbitofrontalcortex (OFC) below -4 SD.Results In all genes investigated, 66 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 15 unclassified variants which were predictedas unlikely to be pathogenic (lN2), were identified. Possiblepathogenic variants (lN3) were identified in ASPM. However,since none of the patients harboured compound heterozygouslikely pathogenic mutations, no molecular MCPH diagnosis couldbe established. Interestingly, one of the patients harboured thesame variants as her unaffected monozygotic twin sister, indicatingthat our cohort included a discordant twin.Conclusions This study is the first to investigate for possible geneticcauses ofMCPH in the Indonesian population. The absenceof causative pathogenic mutations in the MCPH genes tested may originate from several factors. The identification of UV2and UV3 variants as well as the absence of causative pathogenicmutations calls for further investigations.
Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts of some medicinal plants in Tunisia
Authors: Athmouni Khaled , Belghith Taheni , El Fek Abdelfattah , Ayadi Habib
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the best known plants biomarkers from the locality of Gafsa (Tunisia). Majority of investigated plants had high levels of phenolics and exhibited noteworthy antioxidant activity. The plants showing the highest antioxidant activities were P. angustifolia, T. garganica, G. alypum and L. multifida. P. angustifolia demonstrated by far the most potent antioxidant activity, as well as total phenolic and total flavonoids content. In flavonoid structure of the aerial parts of the related species, different amounts of rutin, myricetin, morin, quercetin and kaempferol together with ergosterol, stigma sterol and b-sitosterol as phytosterols, vitamin D, vitamin K, a-tocopherol and retinol as vitamins, and arabinose, fructose, glucose, sucrose and maltose as sugars were found. The mineral analysis was related to the existence of Ca, Na, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Mg with different amounts in all of the nine tested species.
An alternative model of reflective teacher supervision
Authors: Göker Süleyman Davut
Published: August 2016

Focusing on the promotion of reflectivity during practice teaching amongst teachers, this study aims to explore the impact of a reflective teacher supervision model (RTSM) developed by Goker (2006a) on the development of instructional skills of teachers. Two groups of elementary and secondary school teachers from different fields (24 in total) registered for an MA course, American University, Cyprus were compared to their development of instructional skills. The research approach used for this study was both quantitive and qualitative, which included: (a) conducting a sample lesson based on the pinciples of reflective teaching, (b) expessing results both with statistical data obtained from the pre test and post test results of the Clarity Observation Instrument (Metcalf, 1989) and using interviews and surveys, and anecdotal data.  Findings have significant implications for how reflective supervision can be a means to develop instructional skills. Recommendations for teacher education programs and the student teachers are also made.
Locke, Kant, and Synthetic A Priori Cognition
Authors: Chance Brian A.
Published: August 2016

This paper attempts to shed light on three related issues that bear directly on our understanding of Locke and Kant. The first is whether Kant believes Locke merely anticipates his distinction between analytic and synthetic judgments or also believes Locke anticipates his notion of synthetic a priori cognition. The second is what we as readers of Kant and Locke should think about Kant’s view whatever it turns out to be, and the third is the nature of Kant’s justification for the comparison he draws between his philosophy and Locke’s. I argue (1) that Kant believes Locke anticipates both the analytic-synthetic distinction and Kant’s notion of synthetic a priori cognition, (2) that the best justification for Kant’s claim draws on Locke’s distinction between trifling and instructive knowledge, (3) that the arguments against this claim developed by Carson, Allison, and Newman fail to undermine it, and (4) that Kant’s own justification for his claim is quite different from what many commentators have thought it was (or should have been)
Unities of the Self: From Kant to Locke
Authors: Thiel Udo
Published: August 2016

This paper re-evaluates the relation between Kant and some of the most important philosophers traditionally labelled ‘empiricists’ on the topic of the unity of the self. Although Kant was familiar with at least some of the writings of the philosophers dealt with here, this paper’s concern is not with the question of influence or development, but with systematic aspects of Kant’s relation to the empiricist tradition. It is argued that Kant’s relationship to empiricist thought on this issue is more complex than one might be tempted to think. There are several different notions of unity within the empiricist tradition. Moreover, the philosophers considered here, thinkers as diverse as Locke, Condillac, Hume, Feder, Priestley, Reid and Tetens, work with more than one notion of the unity of the self, as does Kant. Locke’s contribution at the beginning of early modern thought about unity turns out to be closer to Kant’s account than that of other empiricists in that Kant develops further the Lockean idea of consciousness as a unifying activity. In general terms Kant’s account can be seen as continuous with the debate about unity among empiricist thinkers, it does not constitute a simple break with that tradition.
Reinhold’s Elementarphilosophie: A Scholastic or Critical Philosophical System?
Authors: Frketich Elise
Published: August 2016

Karl Leonhard Reinhold (1757–1823) is hailed as one of the most influential thinkers of early post-Kantian philosophy. He is best known for popularising critical philosophy through his Letters on the Kantian Philosophy, first published in the Teutsche Merkur (1786), and for restructuring it into a kind of axiomatic-deductive system in the Elementarphilosophie (1789–1794). An axiomatic-deductive system is based on one or several self-evident principles from which all subsequent principles are deduced. Reinhold’s restructuring of Kant’s critical project was highly influential for Fichte and the early Schelling, and thus, for the transition from Kantian critical philosophy to German Idealism. Most Reinhold scholars interpret the system of the Elementarphilosophie as belonging to the pre-critical tradition. Counter to this view, I consider the possibility that Reinhold was influenced by the idea of a philosophical system put forth by Kant in the Architectonic. I proceed by first discussing Kant’s criteria of both a pre-critical and a critical system, before assessing which the Elementarphilosophie can best be described as. I conclude that although Reinhold’s system is more adequately classified as a critical than as a pre-critical system, it must ultimately be viewed as something new.
Creating the Absolute: Kant’s Conception of Genial Creation in Schlegel, Novalis and Schelling
Authors: Ostaric Lara
Published: August 2016

In contrast to the current tendencies in secondary literature to interpret the notion of the Absolute of the Early Romantics and Schelling from either an epistemological or an ontological perspective, I argue that these philosophers found in Kant’s notion of genius in the third Critique a model for the Absolute that combines both perspectives in the act of the artist’s free creation. However, I contend that Schlegel and Novalis followed more closely the modesty of Kant’s Critical philosophy, both epistemologically and ontologically: epistemologically as a lack of our capacity to know and ontologically as a lack of our capacity to fully realize the Absolute. With their conceptions of the Absolute as an infinite becoming and an endless oscillation, they defied philosophical systems with an absolutely certain principle as its basis and embraced Kant’s doctrine of the ignorance of things as they are in themselves. In contrast, Schelling’s philosophy from its early beginnings was marked by ambition to extend Kant’s notion of the Unconditioned from both epistemological and ontological perspectives. For him, an act of genial creation was equivalent to a full realization of the Absolute, which presupposed and afforded its theoretical transparency.
Kant versus the Asymmetry Dogma
Authors: Kitcher Patricia
Published: August 2016

One of the most widely accepted contemporary constraints on theories of self-knowledge is that they must account for the very different ways in which cognitive subjects know their own minds and the ways in which they know other minds. Through the influence of Peter Strawson, Kant is often taken to be an original source for this view. I argue that Kant is quite explicit in holding the opposite position. In a little discussed passage in the Paralogisms chapter, he argues that cognitive subjects have no way of understanding the minds of others except by using their own minds as a model for others.
Kant on Empirical Knowledge and Induction in the Two Introductions to the Critique of the Power of Judgment
Authors: Seide Ansgar
Published: August 2016

In their interpretations of the two introductions to the Critique of the Power of Judgment, Juliet Floyd and Henry Allison argue that Kant’s account of the reflecting power of judgment can be read as his vindication of inductive inference and as an answer to Hume’s worries concerning induction. Paul Guyer, on the other hand, argues that Kant’s account in these passages falls short of providing an adequate answer to Hume’s arguments. In this paper, I want to show that the strongest account of Kant’s vindication of inductive inference appears when we combine a reading of Kant’s account of the reflecting power of judgment in the first introduction along the lines suggested by Floyd and Allison with Guyer’s interpretation of Kant’s account in the second introduction. As we will see, Kant’s vindication of inductive inference is stronger than Guyer suspects, although it does not amount to a straightforward refutation of Hume’s worries concerning the uniformity of nature.