bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hemilabile P,N Ligands: ω‐2‐Pyridyl‐n‐alkylphosphines.
Authors: Jansen Achim , Pitter Stephan
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Potassium Selenocarboxylates and Their Oxidation with XeF2 to Diacyl Diselenides: An X‐Ray Structural Analysis of Di(4‐methoxybenzoyl) Diselenide.
Authors: Niyomura Osamu , Tani Kazuyasu , Kato Shinzi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Heterocycle‐Fused 1,3‐Diselenole‐2‐selones as the Key Precursors of Tetraselenafulvalene‐Type Electron Donors.
Authors: Morikami Atsushi , Takimiya Kazuo , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Azo Chromophores Containing a Perfluorocycloalkenyl Moiety and Their Second‐Order Optical Nonlinearity.
Authors: Matsui Masaki , et al. et al.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of Oxidation Products from β‐Campholenic Compounds.
Authors: Wyssuwa Kerstin , Anhalt Katrin , Schulze Klaus
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Compounds, Ficusone (I), Ficuspirolide (II), and Ficusolide (III) from the Heartwood of Ficus microcarpa.
Authors: Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Li Yen‐Cheng
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five New Taraxastane‐Type Triterpenes from Aerial Roots of Ficus microcarpa.
Authors: Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung , Chaiang Yi‐Ming
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Synthetic Route to Pterosin F and Other Pterosins.
Authors: Finkielsztein Liliana M. , Alesso Elba N. , Lantano Beatriz , Aguirre Jose M. , Moltrasio Iglesias Graciela Y.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Helical versus Planar Conformation of Homooligopeptides Prepared from Diethylglycine (= 2‐Amino‐2‐ethylbutanoic Acid).
Authors: Tanaka Masaakazu , Imawaka Naoto , Kurihara Masaki , Suemune Hiroshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Racemization‐Free Coupling Method for Peptides Having N‐Methylamino Acids at the Carboxy‐Termini.
Authors: Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Tanaka Masaru , Saito Shoubu , Ishizuka Sou , Mori Tomonori , Kurita Keisuke
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Deoxyglycosides by Use of 2‐Deoxypyranosyl Dithiocarbamates as Donors.
Authors: Wandzik I. , Szeja W.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Macrocyclic Spermine Alkaloids from Verbascum: Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Syntheses of the (E/Z)‐Isomeric Pairs (S)‐Verbasikrine/(S)‐Isoverbasikrine and (S)‐Verbamekrine/(S)‐Isoverbamekrine.
Authors: Youhnovski Nikolay , Drandarov Konstantin , Guggisberg Armin , Hesse Manfred
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)‐Geissoschizine.
Authors: Martin Stephen F. , Chen Kevin X. , Todd Eary C.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: IMDA/Retro‐Mannich Approach to cis‐Perhydroquinoline Lycopodium Alkaloids: Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐Luciduline (X).
Authors: Comins Daniel L. , Brooks Clinton A. , Al‐awar Rima S. , Goehring R. Richard
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cytotoxic Pyrroloquinazolinoquinoline Alkaloid Luotonin A.
Authors: Ma Zhong‐Ze , Hano Yoshio , Nomura Taro , Chen Ying‐Jie
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides. Part 60. Synthesis and Characterization of New 2′‐O‐Methylriboside 3′‐O‐Phosphoramidites Useful for the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of 2′‐O‐Methyloligoribonucleotides.
Authors: Cramer Hagen , Pfleiderer Wolfgang
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotides. Part 61. Phthaloyl Strategy. A New Concept of Oligonucleotide Synthesis.
Authors: Beier Markus , Pfleiderer Wolfgang
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Method for the Preparation of 5′‐Dimethoxytrityl‐2′‐deoxynucleoside Using Poly(4‐vinylpyridine)‐costyrene.
Authors: Karalkar Nilesh B. , Akerkar Vinayak G. , Salunkhe Manikrao M.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Fluoro‐1‐ (3,4‐dideoxy‐3‐fluoro‐6‐O‐trityl‐beta‐D‐glycerohex‐3‐eno‐pyranos‐2‐ulosy l) Uracil: Anticancer Agent
Authors: Ollapally Abraham P. , Bennouna‐Dorange Ismet , Whitaker Jr. Thomas L.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Fully 3′‐ and 4′‐C‐Branched‐Chain Sugar Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Ton‐That T.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Carbonucleosides of 6‐Substituted Purine and 8‐Azapurine
Authors: Santana L. , Teijeira M. , Uriarte E. , Teran C. , Andrei G. , Snoeck R. , Balzarini J. , De Clercq E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel C‐5‐Substituted d4T Analogues Bearing Linker Arms as Potential Anti‐HIV Agents
Authors: Laduree D. , Fossey C. , Renoud‐Grappin M. , Fontaine G. , Camara F. , Gavriliu D. , Ciurea A. , Aubertin A. M. , Kirn A.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 7‐O‐[2,6‐Dideoxy‐2‐fluoro‐5‐C‐ (trifluoromethyl)‐α‐L‐talopyranosyl]‐daunomycinone and ‐adriamycinone.
Authors: Nakai Ken , Takagi Yasushi , Tsuchiya Tsutomu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: AS‐924, a Novel Bifunctional Prodrug of Ceftizoxime.
Authors: Kasai Masayasu , Hatano Satoru , Kitagawa Meiko , Yoshimi Akihisa , Shirahase Hiroaki , Nishimura Ken‐Ichi , Kakeya Nobuharu
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Members of the Macrosphelides from Microsphaeropsis sp. FO‐5050. Part 4.
Authors: Fukami Akiko , Taniguchi Yosuke , Nakamura Tomonori , Rho Mun‐Chual , Kawaguchi Kanako , Hayashi Masahiko , Komiyama Kanki , Omura Satoshi
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Attempts Towards Polymer‐Bond ′Push‐Pull′ Acetylenes.
Authors: Wilhelm Patrick , Neuenschwander Markus
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Anti‐HIV Evaluation of Norfloxacin Mannich Bases.
Authors: Pandeya S. N. , Sriram D. , Nath G. , De Clercq E.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of β‐Fluoroalkyl β‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Bravo Pierfrancesco , Crucianelli Marcello , Ono Taizo , Zanda Matteo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mannich Bases as Model Compounds for Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding. Part 2. Structure and Properties in Solution
Authors: Koll Aleksander , Wolschann Peter
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Studies of Gurmarin, a Sweetness‐Suppressing Polypeptide
Authors: Ota Masafumi , Shimizu Yasutake , Tonosaki Keiichi , Ariyoshi Yasuo
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitric Oxide: A Unique Endogenous Signaling Molecule in Vascular Biology (Nobel Lecture)
Authors: Ignarro Louis J.
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Determination of Quadrupolar and Dipolar NMR Correlation Times from Spin—Lattice and Spin—Spin Relaxation Rates
Authors: Carper W. Robert
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Spin—Spin Couplings
Authors: Kamienska‐Trela Krystyna , Wojcik Jacek
Published: June 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimization for the Production of Ammonia from Urea in a Semi‐batch Reactor for Safe Feedstock in Power Plants: Experimental and Statistical Studies
Authors: Sahu Jaya N. , Meikap Bhim C. , Patwardhan Anand V.
Published: June 2010

Urea hydrolysis for production of ammonia, in different application areas require safe use of ammonia, for removal of the NOx contaminates contained in a flue gas stream and increase in the efficiency of an electrostatic precipitator for the removal of fly ash from the flue gas stream. The single and combined effects of operating parameters such as initial feed concentrations, temperatures, reaction times, and stirring speeds on the production of ammonia from urea were analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a high coefficient of determination value (R2 = 0.967) and satisfactory prediction second order regression model was derived. The optimum production conditions determined for semi‐batch reactor were temperature 178°C, initial feed concentration 22.24 wt% of urea, time of reaction 43.2 min and stirring speed 1045 rpm. At optimum conversion conditions, the conversion of urea for production of ammonia was found to be ≥13%.
Self‐similar characteristics of network intrusion attempts and the implications for predictability
Authors: Wahid Alif , Leckie Christopher , Zhou Chenfeng
Published: June 2010

One way of proactively detecting multistage attacks such as Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), worms and coordinated spamming is to profile hosts that engage in scanning activity and predict their future actions, which is a difficult challenge. We attempt to better understand this challenge by hypothesising that network intrusion attempts exhibit self‐similar characteristics. We analyse logs from the DShield repository of globally distributed IDS alerts corresponding to the first 2 weeks of January 2005 and present three pieces of evidence in favour of this hypothesis. First, we observed that the persistence of hosts that attempt network intrusions obey a power‐law relationship such that the overwhelming majority of hosts are short‐lived whereas a small number are highly persistent. Second, the distribution of hosts in the IP address space is broadly identical regardless of different categories of lifetimes and intrusion attempts. Finally, there is a scale invariant diurnal cycle with long‐range dependence in the number of unique hosts observed per unit time. The overall implication of these findings is that any predictive model must account for identical statistical characteristics regardless of the volumetric, spatiotemporal and categorical resolution of the observations used to build and train that model. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal structures and isotope effect on Na5H3(SeO4)4·2H2O and Na5D3(SeO4)4·2D2O crystals
Authors: Fukami T. , Miyazaki J. , Tomimura T. , Chen R. H.
Published: June 2010

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction measurements have been performed on pentasodium trihydrogen tetraselenate dihydrate Na5H3(SeO4)4·2H2O and deuterated Na5D3(SeO4)4·2D2O crystals. Any distinct anomaly around 428 K in the DSC curves for both crystals is suggested to be caused by a chemical reaction of thermal decomposition with hydrolysis at high temperature. The space group symmetry (triclinic P$ \bar 1 $) and the structure parameters are determined at room temperature. The hydrogen atom in the centrosymmetric O‐H(D)‐O hydrogen bond of both crystals is found to be equally distributed at two equivalent sites in the bond. The expansions of two O‐H‐O hydrogen bonds by the substitution of deuterium are observed to be 0.016(6) and 0.011(4) Å. The geometric isotope effect on hydrogen bonds is confirmed to be existed in Na5H3(SeO4)4·2H2O. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of quantum dot fluorescence stability in primary blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Summers Huw D. , Holton Mark D. , Rees Paul , Williams Paul M. , Thornton Catherine A.
Published: June 2010

A quantitative assessment of fluorescence signal generation and persistence in blood cells, measured at multiple points over a time course, is presented. Quantum dots (QDs) are inorganic fluorophores that are photostable and nonmetabolized and so can provide quantitative measures of cell biology over multiple cell generations. However, if the potential of these nanoparticles for long‐term reporting is to be realized, an understanding of the stability of their fluorescence in living cells is essential. CdTe/ZnS and CdSe/ZnS core/shell dots with peak emission wavelengths of 705 nm and 585 nm, respectively, were loaded, via endocytosis into mononuclear cells extracted from primary blood and flow cytometry used to measure the average fluorescence intensity per cell within populations >104. Time‐based study showed a saturation‐limited uptake of QDs with a characteristic time of 20 min and a maximum fluorescence signal that is linearly proportional to dot solution concentration. The fluorescence signal decreases after attachment and internalization within cells and is accurately described by a biexponential decay with a rapid initial decay followed by a much slower signal loss with characteristic times of 435 and 7,000 min respectively. Comparison with control samples indicates that interaction with the culture media is a major contributory factor to the initial signal decay. These results provide phenomenological descriptions of the evolving QD fluorescence within live cells with associated analytical equations that allow quantitative assessment of QD‐based assays. © 2010 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Superposition coding cooperative relaying communications: Outage performance analysis
Authors: Jia Xiangdong , Fu Haiyang , Yang Longxiang , Zhao Laiqiang
Published: June 2010

User cooperative is a powerful tool to combat fading and to increase robustness for communications over wireless channels. For cooperative relaying communications, the outage probability and the expected rate (throughput) can be greatly improved when the superposition coding relaying (SC‐relaying) strategy is employed. Under the assumption of high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), this work contributes to a comprehensive investigation on the outage probability and the throughput of cooperative relaying communications system with only two‐level rate SC. Through strict mathematical process and deduction, the approximated close‐form expressions of the outage probabilities and the throughput of system are obtained for the first time. Based on the results, the impact of power and channel allocation fractions on system performance is carried out. With the aim of maximal throughput, a set of optimal solutions of system parameters are obtained by employing difference evolution arithmetic. The comparative numerical analyses show that the approximation results are feasible and correct. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialysis clinician bias regarding patient non‐compliance
Authors: Iacono Steven A.
Published: June 2010

BACKGROUND

Most of the research regarding dialysis patient non‐compliance with the treatment regimen has not taken clinician views and biases into consideration. Studies in other medical ﬁelds have noted that an innate bias among professionals often leads to differences in treatment provision.

METHODS

This study assessed the views of 135 dialysis social workers, dietitians, and nurses with regard to which types of patients they believe are likely to be non‐compliant and why patients engage in these behaviors. An analysis of responses sought to identify any patterns of bias.

RESULTS

The majority of clinicians identiﬁed patient‐centered factors as being the primary cause of non‐compli‐ance. Commonly noted beliefs were that patients are unable to understand the importance of compliance or they are simply in denial of their illness. Demographic variables such as patient education level, income level, and the presence of obesity were all found to inﬂuence how clinicians view patients and their behaviors.

DISCUSSION

Dialysis social workers, dietitians, and nurses in this study rarely identiﬁed their personal views or clinic factors as being causative agents in patient non‐compliance. Wide differences between the views of the 3 studied professions highlights the subjective nature of labeling patients as being compliant or non‐compliant.
Serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is necessary for vascular remodeling during angiogenesis
Authors: Catela Catarina , Kratsios Paschalis , Hede Marianne , Lang Florian , Rosenthal Nadia
Published: June 2010

The unquestionable importance of the cardiovascular system for pre‐ and postnatal life has prompted dissection of the molecular mechanisms underlying its development. Serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase lying downstream of the phosphoinositide 3 (PI3) kinase pathway, whose embryonic function remains unknown. Here, we show that disruption of Sgk1 in the mouse C57BL/6J genetic background leads to embryonic lethality at embryonic day 10.5–11.5 due to severe embryonic and extraembryonic angiogenic defects and to impaired myocardial trabeculation. Absence of SGK1 results in increased apoptosis of endothelial cells, and of vascular smooth muscle cells highlighting a prosurvival role for SGK1 during angiogenesis. Sgk1 null embryos also display reduced expression levels of Notch signaling genes and decreased expression of the arterial markers Efnb2 and Nrp1. These findings uncover a novel and essential function for SGK1 in cardiovascular development contributing to a better understanding of mammalian angiogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 239:2149–2160, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ttyh1, a Ca2+‐binding protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, is required for early embryonic development
Authors: Kumada Tomohiro , Yamanaka Yasunari , Kitano Ayumi , Shibata Minoru , Awaya Tomonari , Kato Takeo , Okawa Katsuya , Abe Takaya , Oshima Naoko , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Heike Toshio
Published: June 2010

Using comprehensive genetic studies on neuronal stem/progenitors cells through genome‐wide screening with oligonucleotide arrays, we identified an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) ‐resident protein, Tweety homologue 1 (ttyh1). Ttyh1 encodes a glycosylated protein composed of five predicted transmembrane segments and a C‐terminus that is enriched in negatively charged residues capable of Ca2+ binding. Ttyh1‐containing membranes changed to segmented tubuloreticular structures during mitosis, suggesting that the ER‐containing Ttyh1 could be responsible for Ca2+ sequestration and Ca2+ concentration regulation during mitosis. Ttyh1 inactivation in mice resulted in early embryonic lethality before organization of the nervous system, revealing that ttyh1 is essential in murine embryonic development. Our findings indicate that Ttyh1 plays an indispensable role during mitosis in early embryogenesis, possibly by maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER. Developmental Dynamics 239:2233–2245, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oda16/Wdr69 is essential for axonemal dynein assembly and ciliary motility during zebrafish embryogenesis
Authors: Gao Chunlei , Wang Guangliang , Amack Jeffrey D. , Mitchell David R.
Published: June 2010

In the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Oda16 functions during ciliary assembly as an adaptor for intraflagellar transport of outer arm dynein. Oda16 orthologs only occur in genomes of organisms that use motile cilia; however, such cilia play multiple roles during vertebrate development and the contribution of Oda16 to their assembly remains unexplored. We demonstrate that the zebrafish Oda16 ortholog (Wdr69) is expressed in organs with motile cilia and retains a role in dynein assembly. Antisense morpholino knockdown of Wdr69 disrupts ciliary motility and results in multiple phenotypes associated with vertebrate ciliopathies. Affected cilia included those in Kupffer's vesicle, where Wdr69 plays a role in generation of asymmetric fluid flow and establishment of organ laterality, and otic vesicles, where Wdr69 is needed to develop normal numbers of otoliths. Analysis of cilium ultrastructure revealed loss of outer dynein arms in morphant embryos. These results support a remarkable level of functional conservation for Oda16/Wdr69. Developmental Dynamics 239:2190–2197, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Click Chelators – The Behavior of Platinum and Palladium Complexes in the Presence of Guanosine and DNA
Authors: Chevry Aurélien , Teyssot Marie‐Laure , Maisonial Aurélie , Lemoine Pascale , Viossat Bernard , Traïkia Mounir , Aitken David J. , Alves Georges , Morel Laurent , Nauton Lionel , Gautier Arnaud
Published: June 2010

Triazole chelators, synthesized by click chemistry, are convenient ligands for palladium(II) and platinum(II). Conformational changes induced by the complexation of these PdII and PtII complexes with guanosine are similar to those of cisplatin. In addition, these complexes behave like cisplatin with regard to the relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA.
Ternary Rare Earth Inorganic–Organic Hybrids with a Mercapto‐Functionalized Si–O Linkage and a Polymer Chain: Coordination Bonding Assembly and Luminescence
Authors: Sheng Kai , Yan Bing , Lu Hai‐Feng , Guo Lei
Published: June 2010

A series of ternary organic/inorganic/polymer hybrid materials have been assembled on the basis of the coordination chemistry principle. Mercapto‐functionalized MBA‐Si from MBA (4‐mercaptobenzoic acid) behaves as the first coordination unit, which forms sulfide linkages, resulting in an inorganic Si–O network after hydrolysis and copolycondensation with TEOS (tetraethoxysilane). The organic polymers PVPD [poly(4‐vinylpyridine)] and PMMA [poly(methyl methacrylate)] play a role of the second coordination unit, whose organic polymeric C–C chain originates from addition polymerization of the monomers 4‐VPD (4‐vinylpyridine) and MMA (methyl methacrylate), respectively. These hybrids are characterized in detail to compare with the binary hybrids without an organic polymer unit, whose results reveal that the microstructure, the thermal stability, and especially the photoluminescence properties of the hybrid system are improved with the introduction of the polymer as the coligand.
Metabolomic studies of radiation‐induced apoptosis of human leukocytes by capillary electrophoresis‐mass spectrometry and flow cytometry: Adaptive cellular responses to ionizing radiation
Authors: Lee Richard , Britz‐McKibbin Philip
Published: June 2010

There is growing interest in the development of new methods for elucidating the biological effects of low‐dose exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) on human health. Herein, we introduce a strategy for assessment of the impact of radiation‐induced oxidative stress on the intra‐cellular metabolism of human leukocytes. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed by CE‐ESI‐MS on irradiated leukocytes exposed to increasing doses of ‐radiation emitted from a Taylor source, which were subsequently incubated for 44 h to allow for cellular recovery. Flow cytometry with dual fluorescence staining revealed a major shift from early‐ to late‐stage apoptosis associated with cell membrane permeability changes as radiation dosage was increased relative to the control, but with a significant attenuation measured at intermediate dose levels. CE‐ESI‐MS analysis of filtered white blood cell lysates was also performed to quantify changes associated with 22 intra‐cellular metabolites, which were consistently measured in leukocytes across all radiation levels. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that there was an overall depletion in metabolites with extended exposure to IR; however, there was a non‐linear upregulation of specific metabolites at the 4 Gy level relative to pre‐irradiated levels, notably for arginine, glutamine, creatine, proline and reduced glutathione. Our studies demonstrate that leukocytes require a minimum threshold level of IR to induce a cytoprotective response in metabolism associated with antioxidant defense, energy homeostasis and cell signaling, which is relevant to improved understanding of the mechanisms of oxidative stress in radiobiology and cancer therapy.
Prediction of metabolite identity from accurate mass, migration time prediction and isotopic pattern information in CE‐TOFMS data
Authors: Sugimoto Masahiro , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Robert Martin , Abe Shinobu , Soga Tomoyoshi , Tomita Masaru
Published: June 2010

CE‐TOFMS is a powerful method for profiling charged metabolites. However, the limited availability of metabolite standards hinders the process of identifying compounds from detected features in CE‐TOFMS data sets. To overcome this problem, we developed a method to identify unknown peaks based on the predicted migration time (tm) and accurate m/z values. We developed a predictive model using 375 standard cationic metabolites and support vector regression. The model yielded good correlations between the predicted and measured tm (R=0.952 and 0.905 using complete and cross‐validation data sets, respectively). Using the trained model, we subsequently predicted the tm for 2938 metabolites available from the public databases and assigned tentative identities to noise‐filtered features in human urine samples. While 38.9% of the peaks were assigned metabolite names by matching with the standard library alone, the proportion increased to 52.2%. The proposed methodology increases the value of metabolomic data sets obtained from CE‐TOFMS profiling.
A field study on the fusion of terrestrial and satellite location methods in urban cellular networks
Authors: Barcelo‐Arroyo Francisco , Martin‐Escalona Israel , Manente Cyrille
Published: June 2010

This work studies the improvement in service coverage obtained by three different approaches to combining two triangulation (terrestrial and satellite) location methods for cellular networks in an urban environment. The paper assumes that the terrestrial cellular network uses enhanced observed time difference (E‐OTD) in 2G or observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) in 3G, while the satellite GNSS uses the assisted global positioning system (A‐GPS), but the analysis can be easily generalised to other triangulation methods. A straightforward analytical model is presented to evaluate the service coverage resulting from each of the three approaches. The model is fed with actual coverage figures, gathered from test measurements carried out in Paris (France) for several urban scenarios. Numerical results show that the three approaches lead to improvements in all the tested scenarios, and that the improvement obtained by the increasing complexity of the fusion approach depends highly on the coverage of each individual method and on the joint probability function of individual performances. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ordered subset analysis for case‐control studies
Authors: Qin Xuejun , Hauser Elizabeth R. , Schmidt Silke
Published: June 2010

Genetic heterogeneity, which may manifest on a population level as different frequencies of a specific disease susceptibility allele in different subsets of patients, is a common problem for candidate gene and genome‐wide association studies of complex human diseases. The ordered subset analysis (OSA) was originally developed as a method to reduce genetic heterogeneity in the context of family‐based linkage studies. Here, we have extended a previously proposed method (OSACC) for applying the OSA methodology to case‐control datasets. We have evaluated the type I error and power of different OSACC permutation tests with an extensive simulation study. Case‐control datasets were generated under two different models by which continuous clinical or environmental covariates may influence the relationship between susceptibility genotypes and disease risk. Our results demonstrate that OSACC is more powerful under some disease models than the commonly used trend test and a previously proposed joint test of main genetic and gene‐environment interaction effects. An additional unique benefit of OSACC is its ability to identify a more informative subset of cases that may be subjected to more detailed molecular analysis, such as DNA sequencing of selected genomic regions to detect functional variants in linkage disequilibrium with the associated polymorphism. The OSACC‐identified covariate threshold may also improve the power of an additional dataset to replicate previously reported associations that may only be detectable in a fraction of the original and replication datasets. In summary, we have demonstrated that OSACC is a useful method for improving SNP association signals in genetically heterogeneous datasets. Genet. Epidemiol. 34: 407–417, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of including environmental data in investigations of gene‐disease associations in the presence of qualitative interactions
Authors: Williamson Elizabeth , Ponsonby Anne‐Louise , Carlin John , Dwyer Terry
Published: June 2010

Complex diseases are likely to be caused by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Despite this, gene‐disease associations are frequently investigated using models that focus solely on a marginal gene effect, ignoring environmental factors entirely. Failing to take into account a gene‐environment interaction can weaken the apparent gene‐disease association, leading to loss in statistical power and, potentially, inability to identify genuine risk factors. If a gene‐environment interaction exists, therefore, a joint analysis allowing the effect of the gene to differ between groups defined by the environmental exposure can have greater statistical power than a marginal gene‐disease model. However, environmental data are subject to measurement error. Substantial losses in statistical power for detecting gene‐environment interactions can arise from measurement error in the environmental exposure. It is unclear, however, what effect measurement error may have on the power of the joint analysis. We consider the potential benefits, in terms of statistical power, of collecting concurrent environmental data within large cohorts in order to enhance gene detection. We further consider whether these benefits remain in the presence of misclassification in both the gene and the environmental exposure. We find that when an effect of the gene is apparent only in the presence of the environmental exposure, the joint analysis has greater power than a marginal gene‐disease analysis. This comparative increase in power remains in the presence of likely levels of misclassification of either the gene or environmental exposure. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:552–560, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identifying genetic interactions in genome‐wide data using Bayesian networks
Authors: Jiang Xia , Barmada M. Michael , Visweswaran Shyam
Published: June 2010

It is believed that interactions among genes (epistasis) may play an important role in susceptibility to common diseases (Moore and Williams [2002]. Ann Med 34:88–95; Ritchie et al. [2001]. Am J Hum Genet 69:138–147). To study the underlying genetic variants of diseases, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) that simultaneously assay several hundreds of thousands of SNPs are being increasingly used. Often, the data from these studies are analyzed with single‐locus methods (Lambert et al. [2009]. Nat Genet 41:1094–1099; Reiman et al. [2007]. Neuron 54:713–720). However, epistatic interactions may not be easily detected with single‐locus methods (Marchini et al. [2005]. Nat Genet 37:413–417). As a result, both parametric and nonparametric multi‐locus methods have been developed to detect such interactions (Heidema et al. [2006]. BMC Genet 7:23). However, efficiently analyzing epistasis using high‐dimensional genome‐wide data remains a crucial challenge. We develop a method based on Bayesian networks and the minimum description length principle for detecting epistatic interactions. We compare its ability to detect gene‐gene interactions and its efficiency to that of the combinatorial method multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) using 28,000 simulated data sets generated from 70 different genetic models We further apply the method to over 300,000 SNPs obtained from a GWAS involving late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Our method outperforms MDR and we substantiate previous results indicating that the GAB2 gene is associated with LOAD. To our knowledge, this is the first successful model‐based epistatic analysis using a high‐dimensional genome‐wide data set. Genet. Epidemiol. 34:575–581, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precipitation and temperature trends for the Southwest China: 1960–2007
Authors: Qin Nianxiu , Chen Xi , Fu Guobin , Zhai Jianqing , Xue Xianwu
Published: June 2010

Daily temperature and precipitation data from 136 stations of Southwest China (SWC) during the last five decades, from 1960 to 2007, were analysed to determine the spatial and temporal trends by using the Mann–Kendall trend test. Results show that SWC has become warmer over the last five decades, especially in the recent 20–25 years. The increasing trends in winter months are more significant than those in the months of other seasons, and spatially Tibet, Hengduan mountains area and west Sichuan Plateau have larger temperature trend in magnitude than the other regions have. A downward trend was detected in Sichuan Basin also, but the region with cooler temperature was shrinking due to the statistically significant increasing trend of temperature after 1990s. Both annual and seasonal means of daily maximum and minimum temperatures show an increasing trend, but trend magnitude of minimum temperature was larger than that of maximum temperature, resulting in the decrease of diurnal temperature range for SWC in the last 50 years. Annual precipitation showed slightly and statistically insignificant increasing trend, but statistically significant increasing trend has been detected in winter season while autumn witnessed a statistically significant decreasing trend. The results could be a reference for the planning and management of water resources under climate change. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐2‐granzyme A chimeric protein overcomes multidrug resistance (MDR) through a caspase 3‐independent apoptotic pathway
Authors: Grodzovski Inna , Lichtenstein Michal , Galski Hanan , Lorberboum‐Galski Haya
Published: June 2010

One of the main problems of conventional anticancer therapy is multidrug resistance (MDR), whereby cells acquire resistance to structurally and functionally unrelated drugs following chemotherapeutic treatment. One of the main causes of MDR is overexpression of the P‐glycoprotein transporter. In addition to extruding the chemotherapeutic drugs, it also inhibits apoptosis through the inhibition of caspases. To overcome MDR, we constructed a novel chimeric protein, interleukin (IL)‐2 granzyme A (IGA), using IL‐2 as a targeting moiety and granzyme A as a killing moiety, fused at the cDNA level. IL‐2 binds to the high‐affinity IL‐2 receptor that is expressed in an array of abnormal cells, including malignant cells. Granzyme A is known to cause caspase 3‐independent cell death. We show here that the IGA chimeric protein enters the target sensitive and MDR cancer cells overexpressing IL‐2 receptor and induces caspase 3‐independent cell death. Specifically, after its entry, IGA causes a decrease in the mitochondrial potential, triggers translocation of nm23‐H1, a granzyme A‐dependent DNase, from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, where it causes single‐strand DNA nicks, thus causing cell death. Moreover, IGA is able to overcome MDR and kill cells resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs. We believe that overcoming MDR with targeted molecules such as IGA chimeric protein that causes caspase‐independent apoptotic cell death could be applied to many other resistant types of tumors using the appropriate targeting moiety. Thus, this novel class of targeted molecules could open up new vistas in the fight against human cancer.
APC mutations are associated with increased bone mineral density in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Miclea Razvan L , Karperien Marcel , Langers Alexandra M , Robanus-Maandag Els C , van Lierop Antoon , van der Hiel Bernies , Stokkel Marcel P , Ballieux Bart E , Oostdijk Wilma , Wit Jan M , Vasen Hans F , Hamdy Neveen A
Published: June 2010

The canonical Wnt pathway plays a key regulatory role in osteoblastogenesis and bone mass acquisition through its main effector, β-catenin. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) represents the key intracellular gatekeeper of β-catenin turnover, and heterozygous germ-line mutations in the APC gene cause familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Whether APC mutations affect bone mass has not been previously investigated. We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating skeletal status in FAP patients with a documented APC mutation. Twenty-two FAP patients with a mean age of 42 years (54.5% women) were included in this study. Mean bone mineral density (BMD) Z-scores were significantly increased above normal at all measured sites: lumbar spine (p < .01), total hip (p < .01), femoral neck (p < .05), and trochanter (p < .01). Z-scores were +1 or greater in 14 patients (63.6%) and +2 or greater in 5 (22.7%). Mean values of bone turnover markers were within normal ranges. There was a significant positive correlation between procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and β-crosslaps (β-CTX) (r = 0.70, p < .001) and between these markers and sclerostin and BMD measurements. We demonstrate that FAP patients display a significantly higher than normal mean BMD compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls in the presence of a balanced bone turnover. Our data suggest a state of “controlled” activation of the Wnt signaling pathway in heterozygous carriers of APC mutations, most likely owing to upregulation of cytoplasmic β-catenin levels. © 2010 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.