bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-charges utiles dédiées à l'acquisition de données par drone pour l'étude des zones naturelles
Authors: Gademer Antoine , Avanthey Loïca , Beaudouin Laurent , Roux Michel , Rudant Jean-Paul
Published: May 2021

Les dernières années ont montré l'intérêt croissant de la télédétection basse altitude (TBA) pour l'étude de zones na-turelles. Mais au-delà de la problématique d'accès au milieu, la cartographie de ces zones à grande échelle pose denombreuses contraintes sur la partie capteurs d'acquisition. En effet, ce sont des milieux difficiles pour les algorithmesclassiques de traitement d'images : intrinsèquement en mouvement (aux échelles d'observations des individus), com-posés d'objets difficilement discernables, ces milieux présentent des conditions météorologiques variables, voir hostiles(éclairage, humidité, température, etc.). Cette cartographie se place généralement dans une étude thématique qui ra-joute ses propres contraintes opérationnelles (besoin d'information 3D comme le relief ou la rugosité, signature spectralespécifique, prises de vues obliques pour simplifier l'identification visuelle par les experts, etc.). Par ailleurs, l'utilisationen télédétection basse altitude de porteurs légers, comme les micro-drones, limite fortement les ressources disponiblespour les capteurs : puissance de calcul embarquée, encombrement, poids, etc.. Nous présenterons dans cet article deuxcapteurs : le capteur tri-caméras et le banc stéréoscopique uEye. Le capteur tri-caméras a été développé en 2009 pour l'ac-quisition d'images stéréoscopiques ou obliques à basse altitude. En analysant l'expérience tirée des campagnes terrainseffectuées, nous soulignerons l'importance cruciale de la synchronisation précise des prises de vues. Nous présenteronsalors notre nouveau banc stéréoscopique amphibie en développement depuis 2013, et qui vise la possibilité d'acquisitionsstéréoscopiques parfaitement synchronisées, ce qui en fait un outil idéal pour l'étude des zones littorales (pour la télédé-tection basse altitude ou in situ à faible profondeur). Nous terminerons par une présentation des premiers résultats obtenusavec ce nouveau banc.
Comparaison de Modèles Numériques de Surface photogrammétriques de différentes résolutions en forêt mixte. estimation d'une variable dendrométrique simple : la hauteur dominante
Authors: Lucie Xavier , Durrieu Sylvie , Jolly Anne , Labbé Sylvain , Renaud Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2021

Le renouveau de la photogrammétrie et le développement de moyens aéroportés légers tels que les drones permettent de nouvelles applications dans le domaine de l'aménagement et la gestion forestière.L'estimation de variables forestières se fait dans le cadre de processus longs et fastidieux sur le terrain. Dans l'idée d'automatiser l'extraction de variables dendrométriques, nous mettons en place une méthodologie pour générer les modèles numériques de surfaces (MNS) par photogrammétrie multi-vues les plus précis possibles compte-tenu des limites imposées par les algorithmes de calcul. Nous utilisons pour ce faire la suite photogrammétrique libre de l'IGN MicMac.Notre zone d'étude se situe dans la forêt domaniale du Ventouret (région PACA) qui est une forêt mixte de moyenne montagne. Pour qualifier la précision de ces MNS, nous disposons de relevés dendrométriques sur des placettes d'analyse de 700 m² représentatives des peuplements les plus fréquents à l'échelle de la forêt. Ces zones ont été survolées par un drone multi-rotors équipé d'un appareil photo numérique à focale fixe. Les clichés ont une résolution spatiale de 2,5 cm contre 25 cm pour les prises de vues standardisées de l'IGN.Afin d'étudier l'impact de la résolution sur la qualité des MNS générés, nous dégradons la résolution des prises de vues du drone jusqu'à obtenir un pixel terrain d'une quarantaine de centimètres. Nous comparons ensuite les altitudes de chaque MNS avec des pointés stéréoscopiques de référence réalisés manuellement sur les prises de vues originales.En soustrayant à chaque MNS un modèle numérique de terrain (MNT) LiDAR, nous calculons ensuite un modèle de hauteur de couvert (MHC). L'étude de la distribution des hauteurs sur chaque placette et d'un modèle statistique de hauteur dominante (H0) nous permettent de conclure sur l'intérêt de l'approche photogrammétrique et de déterminer des résolutions spatiales optimales pour appuyer le travail des gestionnaires et aménagistes forestiers.
L'utilisation des micro-drones pour la prospection archéologique à basse altitude
Authors: Poirier Nicolas , Hautefeuille Florent , Calastrenc Carine
Published: May 2021

La démocratisation récente des drones engendre une rupture méthodologique en matière de télédétection archéologique. Le premier point concerne la facilité d'utilisation de ces vecteurs, qui fournissent des environnements de vol sécurisés, notamment grâce aux systèmes de navigation GPS et la possibilité de définir des waypoints pour des vols semi-automatisés. Cette flexibilité permet également de répéter des vols sur la même zone. Le deuxième point intéressant pour la télédétection archéologique est la faible altitude de vol des drones, permettant la documentation d'une échelle intermédiaire entre le site et la micro-région. La basse altitude est aussi un moyen d'acquérir des informations de meilleure qualité et de plus grande résolution. Le dernier point concerne le faible coût d'utilisation, même si le prix d'acquisition de l'équipement est assez élevé. Le développement des drones en télédétection archéologique implique donc la définition de nouvelles utilisations pour les capteurs traditionnels. Nous décrivons celles développées dans le cadre du programme toulousain Archéodrones en matière de photogrammétrie et thermographie aéroportée. De nouveaux capteurs seront sans doute adaptés à l'avenir sur drone permettant un accès plus large à ces méthodes de prospection non-invasives.
Drone "humanitaire" : état de l'art et réflexions
Authors: Apvrille Ludovic , Tanzi Tullio , Roudier Yves , Dugelay Jean-Luc
Published: May 2021

L'Information joue un rôle clé dans la gestion des catastrophes naturelles et l'organisation des secours. Les drones légers actuels peuvent aider à améliorer l'évaluation de la situation. Ils soulagent les équipes de secours des tâches de collecte de données, qui restent un processus long. Dans le même temps, ces drones peuvent prendre part aux opérations de recherche grâce à leur autonomie et à leurs fonctions avancées de détection. Pour concrétiser cette vision, deux défis doivent être abordés. Le premier est d'atteindre une autonomie suffisante pour ces véhicules, tant en termes de navigation que d'interprétation des données détectées. La deuxième concerne la fiabilité de l'engin et sa robustesse face aux agressions d'origine accidentelles ou malveillantes. Cet article présente tout d'abord le potentiel des drones dans plusieurs scénarios humanitaires, puis quelques problèmes potentiels liés à de telles situations. Enfin, une architecture sécurisée de drones embarquée qui repose sur des protocoles cryptographiques et des capacités matérielles spécifiques est proposée.
STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN EKOWISATA CURUG MRAWU TIENG MENUJU DESA MANDIRI
Authors: Suryani Ratna , Nugraha Radhitya Purwa
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

 

This study aims to determine the potentiality that exists in the Curug Mrawu Tieng Ecotourism area and its relationship with the Index of Developing Villages (IDV) in the Batur village. The assessment is carried out all of the carrying capacity for the suitability of nature tourism and also analyzes the internal and external environment of the area, as well as calculating the values of the building village indicators to obtain a tourism area development strategy and the development of village independence.

This research is descriptive study using qualitative methods. Data collection techniques namely, observation, interviews and documentation. For analytical tools using SWOT analysis and assessing Index of Developing Villages.

The results of this study indicate that the assessment of the carrying capacity of the area is very adequate to be a tourist area. The assessment of tourist objects and natural attractions included in Good Categories. The regional analysis for tourism are at Potential Intervals. The IDV Batur villages are in the classification Developing Village. The SWOT analysis result area can be used to improve the assessment of the IDV indicators, namely: SO (Strengths-Opportunities) strategy with Environmental Resilience Index and Economic Resilience Index; WO (Weakness-Opportunities) strategy with Economic Resilience Index And Social Resilience Index; ST (Strengths-Threats) strategy with Economic Resilience Index and Social Resilience Index; and WT (Weakness-Threats) strategy with Environmental Resilience Index.
PENGARUH DAYA TARIK WISATA TERHADAP MINAT KUNJUNGAN WISATAWAN DI SERULINGMAS INTERACTIC ZOO PADA SAAT DIKELOLA PIHAK BUMD
Authors: Maesaroh Siti , Cahyaningrum Isna Maulana
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

This research aims to determine the influence of tourist attraction partially and simultaneous to the interest of visitors the facilities, services, tourist destinations and event in Serulingmas Interactive Zoo.

The method in this sampling is used the Slovin formula, data analysis methods used is multiple linear regression analyses, using the help of SPSS programmes. The test results of the hypothesis, indicating that the facility variable (X1) has a significant positive effect on the interest of visitors. The service variables (X2) have significant positive impact on the interest of visitors. The tourist destination variables (X3) is not significant to the interest of visitors. Event variables (X4) is not significant to the interest of visitors.

Based on the results of the research can be partially inferred that there is a positive and significant relationship between facilities and the interest of visitors, there is a positive and significant relationship between the service and the interest of visitors, there is a positive and insignificant relationship between tourist destinations and the interest of visitors, there is a positive and insignificant relationship between events and the interest of visitors. Simultaneously all variables are influential and significant to the interest of visitors. This determination test (R ²) shows that a variable of visitors interest can be influenced by variable facilities, services, tourist destinations and events while the rest are influenced by other variables that are not filed in this research
PENGARUH NPL, CAR, ROA DAN BI RATE TERHADAP PENYALURAN KREDIT PADA BANK UMUM YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2014 – 2016
Authors: Kurniati Eling Ri , Putri Febriana Eriska
Published: May 2021

The problem on this research was the number of internal and external factors of the bank that affect lending to commercial banks.This research aimed to analyze the effect of partial Non Performing Loans (NPL), Capital Eduquecy Ratio (CAR), Return On Assets (ROA) and BI Rate on lending to commercial banks, and analyze the influence of Non Performing Loan (NPL) variables, Capital Eduquecy Ratio (CAR), Return On Assets (ROA) and BI Rate simultaneously to lending to commercial banks. This research was associative causal. The data used in this research was secondary data from the results of Bank Indonesia publications  and the official IDX website at www.idx.co.id. The population on this research were all publicly traded public banks listed on the IDX. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling method. The total sample in this research were 25 banks. Data Analysis in this research using multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS software. The results showed that the partial Non Performing Loans (NPL), Capital Eduquecy Ratio (CAR), and BI Rate did not affect credit distribution while the Return on Assets (ROA) variable partially affected the lending. Simultaneously the Non Performing Loan variable (NPL), Capital Eduquecy Ratio (CAR), Return On Assets (ROA) and the BI Rate have an effect on lending.
DEVELOPEMNT OF SOFTWARE TO CALCUALTE INTERNAL EXPOSURE DOSES USING BIOKINETIC MODELS
Authors: Kharchenko A. A. , Shatrov A. N. , Zhamaldinov F. F. , Aidarkhanov A. O.
Published: May 2021

This paper provides a review of developed software capabilities (hereinafter Bioscheme software) as well as a calculation procedure for the internal exposure dose the case of the biokinetic model from an ICRP publication No. 78. Compared to the available software applied by the branch IRSE NNC RK, Bioscheme software allows solution to not only conventional tasks but also simulation and automatic derivation of a function of the intake, accumulation, and decorporation of radionuclides in non-ordinary cases.
REVIEW OF FOREIGN PRACTICES FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Dikova L. A. , Minzhanova G. M. , Makarova V. A.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the experience of foreign countries in the management of radioactive waste of low and medium activity. The main emphasis is placed on the construction and technical solutions of operated near-surface storage / disposal sites. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the optimal location for near-surface storage facilities are operating radiation hazardous facilities.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE MECHANISM EROSION MATERIALS EXPOSED TO LOW PLASMA POWER FLOWS
Authors: Moldabekov Zh. M. , Zhukeshov A. M. , Nikullin V. Ya. , Ereskin A. A. , Gabdullina A. T. , Amrenova А. U.
Published: May 2021

In this paper, a low activation of ferritic-austentic steel was studied when it was exposed with plasma. The experiment was carried out on a plasma focus device with energy of 1.9 kJ, with a pressure of 2.5 torr of deuterium. AFM analysis shows that cracks up to 2 microns and holes from 81 to 281 nm are found on steel surfaces. The mechanism of the occurrence of erosion of low-activation ferritic-austentic steel is also indicated. It is established that the mechanism of erosion depends on the momentum.
Yeni Kurumsal Kuram Argümanlarıyla Türk Yükseköğretim Sisteminde Kalite Yönetiminin Benimsenmesi Üzerine Teorik Model Çalışması
Authors: TAŞTAN Kürşat , YILMAZ Sinan
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışma, keşif araştırmalarında teoriler geliştirmek için kullanılan kısmi en küçük kareler yapısal eşitlik modeli (PLS-SEM) kullanılarak, yükseköğretimde kalite yönetimi alanında son yıllarda meydana gelen dünya çapındaki gelişmeler karşısında Türk yükseköğretim sisteminde yaşanan benzer gelişmelerin analizine yönelik olarak kurumsal kuram paradigmaları ile teorik bir model keşfedebilmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Oluşturulan model ile Türk yükseköğretim sisteminde hangi çevresel baskı mekanizmalarının kalite yönetiminin benimsenmesine etki ettiği, yükseköğretim kurumlarının karar verme tarzlarında ne tür eğilimlerde bulunulduğu, kalite yönetiminin nasıl uygulandığı ve uygulama biçiminden hareketle kalite yönetiminin nasıl benimsendiği arasındaki teorik ilişki Türkiye bağlamında keşfedilmektedir. Kurulan yapısal eşitlik modelinin analizinde; zorlayıcı baskı mekanizmalarının endojen değişkenler üzerindeki etkisi istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmazken, öykünmeci baskı mekanizmalarının uyarak uygulama biçimi üzerinde negatif etkiye sahip olduğu (β= -0,286; T: 2,252), normatif baskı mekanizmalarının ise uyarak uygulama biçimi üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğu (β= 0,428; T: 3,952) ve her iki etkinin de istatistiki olarak anlamlı (P < 0,05) olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, baskı mekanizmaları ile karar verme tarzı, karar verme tarzı ile uygulama biçimi ve uygulama biçimi ile karar verme tarzı arasında anlamlı istatistiki ilişki bulunamamıştır. Çalışma, kurumsal kuram literatürünü doğrulayıcı bir şekilde, Türk yükseköğretim sisteminde kalite yönetiminin normatif baskı mekanizmalarının etkileriyle normatif-törensel olarak benimsendiği sonucuna ulaşılan bir PLS-SEM yol modelini ortaya çıkarmaktadır.
Effects of Occupational Exposure on Lung Function Tests in Old Process Plant Units workers, North Oil Company, Iraq
Authors: Muhammad Abdulwahed H. , Helal Ahmad S.
Published: May 2021

Occupational exposure to petroleum vapors has been shown to affect functioning of different systems of the body. The present study was taken up to assess the Pulmonary Function Tests. Method: A total of 356 male old process plant units' workers in north oil company, Kirkuk, Iraq, were assessed for lung function status. Respiratory function test was according to the American Thoracic Society (ATS) recommendations, Questionnaire performed and respiratory functions viz. (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC% and PEF) were recorded by a portable electronic spirometer. Results: There was a statistically significant decrease in FEV1, FVC, and PEF in this study of exposured state compared to the normal state which was normal. FEV1/FVC% ratio was within normal limit. Conclusion: Most findings point towards adverse effects of petroleum vapors on lung function, mainly on lower airways with restrictive pattern of disease.
Analysis of f5 gene polymorphism in men with coronary atherosclerosis using whole exome sequencing
Authors: Striukova E. S. , Shakhtshneider E. V. , Ivanoshchuk D. E. , Ragino Yu. I. , Polonskaya Ya. V. , Murashov I. S. , Volkov A. M. , Kurguzov A. V. , Chernyavsky A. M. , Valeev E. S. , Maksimov V. N. , Kashtanova E. V.
Published: May 2021

Factor V, encoded by the F5 gene, is a procoagulant blood clotting factor that increases the production of thrombin, the central enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin, which leads to the formation of a blood clot. The F5 gene is localized to 1q24.2 chromosome and consists of 25 exons. There are various mutations in the F5 gene that lead to resistance of activated protein C (APC) (elimination of the APС cleavage site in factor V and factor Va), which can lead to arterial and venous thrombosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze variants of the F5 gene in patients diagnosed with coronary atherosclerosis without acute coronary syndrome with stable functional class II–IV angina pectoris, confirmed by coronary angiography data, using the method of whole exome sequencing.

Material and methods. The study was conducted in the framework of the Program of joint research work IIPM — branch of the ICG SB RAS and the FSBI «Research Institute of Circulation Pathology named after E.N. Meshalkin» Ministry of Health of Russian Federation. The study included 30 men aged 40–70 years with coronary angiography-­verified coronary atherosclerosis, without ACS, with stable angina pectoris of the II–IV FC. Patients were admitted for coronary bypass surgery, and endarteriaectomy from the coronary artery (s) was performed during the operation according to intraoperative indications. Whole exome sequencing (SureSelectXT Human All Exon v.6+UTR) was carried out on an Illumina NextSeq 500 instrument (USA).

Results. In 30 patients, 29 single-­nucleotide variants were found in the F5 gene. In patients with coronary atherosclerosis, rs9332701 of the F5 gene is 3.33 times more common, and rs6027 is 1.67 times more common than in the population. And rs184663825 was found in 3.33% of cases, while its occurrence in the population is 0.05%. For variants rs6034 and rs144979314, a possible damaging effect on the protein product is shown.

Conclusion. The single-­nucleotide variants rs9332701, rs6027, rs184663825, rs6034, rs144979314 of the F5 gene are of interest for inclusion in the genetic panels for the analysis of risk factors for the development of acute coronary syndrome.
Current aspects of stable ischemic heart disease. ISСHEMIA study: breakthrough or constant optimism in approaches to treatment. Myocardial ischemia in non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA)
Authors: Yakhontov D. A. , Ostanina Yu. O. , Zvonkova A. V.
Published: May 2021

Approaches to stable coronary artery disease (CАD) treatment have been subject to debate for a long time. One of the first and fundamental studies in stable coronary artery disease patients treatment is the COURAGE study, which showed the advantage of rational drug therapy in comparison with percutaneous intervention in such patients. However, CAD high prevalence with medical and social significance cause the need for future development of relationship between conservative and invasive approaches in the problem of this disease treatment. It was particularly the focus of recently completed multicentre ISCHEMIA trail. The aim of review is to analyze the available data on the management of stable coronary artery disease patients based on the ISCHEMIA study data. Results. In the largest multicenter randomized clinical trial ISCHEMIA, the primary outcome (cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest with effective resuscitation, hospitalization due to heart failure) rate was 13.3% in the routine invasive strategy group and 15.5% in the conservative strategy group (p = 0.34). The main secondary outcome rate also does not differ between groups significantly. Quality of life in the non-invasive group was higher only in those patients who had angina at baseline. Study subanalysis demonstrated that left coronary artery borderline stenosis accompanied by a poor prognosis, and an invasive strategy improves angina symptoms. Also, low density lipoprotein cholesterol target values achievement predictors were determined. In addition, women, participated in ISCHEMIA study had more frequent angina episodes, regardless less extensive coronary artery damage, and less severe ischemia manifestations than men. Among stable CAD accompanied moderate to severe ischemia and severe chronic kidney disease patients, no evidence initial invasive strategy, compared initial conservative strategy, in relation of death or non-fatal myocardial infarction risk reduction was found. Conclusion: ISCHEMIA trial data demonstrated necessity more carefully stable coronary artery disease patients selection for invasive treatment, taking into account angina pectoris severity and modern antianginal therapy possibilities.
Sentinel Events and Contemporary Medical Practices
Authors: D. McIntyre Michael
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive case study is to examine the nature of medication errors in the retail pharmaceutical context and the factors that contribute to these errors. The population of study will be the current staff of retail pharmaceutical organizations in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Area. The study will target 100 Pharmacists from CVS Pharmacy and Wal-Mart Pharmacy. Pharmacists will be interviewed at appropriate times, and the researcher will seek to gain more understanding of the types of medication errors registered in their organization, the seriousness of the errors, and the factors contributing to these errors. The data will also include organizational records and observation of the medication dispensing and management practices at the retail pharmaceutical industry. The implication for social change includes the potential to provide leaders in the retail pharmaceutical industry with information that will help them address the issue of medication errors. This qualitative descriptive case study seeks to investigate the problem by exploring the nature of medication errors in the retail pharmaceutical context and associated factors. The study will focus on a population drawn from the current staff of retail pharmaceutical organizations in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Area. Findings of the study will help leaders in the retail pharmaceutical industry to address the issue of medication errors. The study will also advance research on the subject of medication safety by identifying new areas for future research.
Protagonismos de mulheres nas artes e na sociedade: da representação à resistência vol. 1
Authors:   UNIOESTE, Silva Meire Oliveira
Published: May 2021

As questões que conduzem os debates acerca das pesquisas de gênero associadas às Artes e às Literaturas, de modo amplo (CANDIDO, 1988), configuram a temática principal deste livro. Pensar o feminino representado nas Artes de maneira humanizada constitui um desafio que transita entre as representações mormente silenciadoras e as autoapresentações que veiculam vozes há muito silenciadas em existências subalternizadas. Estes artigos discutem as autorias de mulheres em obras afro-brasileiras, latino-americanas e portuguesas envoltas em aspectos identitários históricos.
Quantity-to-intensity (Q/I) relationships can efficiently characterize intensively cultivated agricultural soils in Bangladesh for better potassium supplying capacity
Authors: Shil Nirmal C. , Alam Khairul M. , Saleque Mohammad A. , Islam Muhammad R. , Jahiruddin Mohammad
Published: May 2021

Aim of the study: Firstly, to evaluate the K dynamics of soils through a quantity-intensity isotherm study; and secondly, to characterize the soils on the basis of quantity-intensity (Q/I) parameters.Area of study: Gazipur, BangladeshMaterial and methods: Eleven soils collected from major agro-ecological zones in Bangladesh were evaluated for their varying K dynamics parameters, and K supplying capacities of these soils were described.Main results: The Q/I plot showed both linear and polynomial relationships for soils in the study. The eleven soils had labile K ranging from 0.022 in Palashbari clay loam to 1.35 cmol kg-1 in Barisal clay. The latter soil had the highest equilibrium K activity ratio (0.003 mol L-1)1/2 and potential buffering capacity (PBC) (460.4 (cmol kg-1) (mol L-1)1/2). The PBC of soils for non-exchangeable pool (PBCne) was much higher than that of exchangeable pool (PBCe) in most soils. The largest amount of PBCne and PBCe occurred in Barisal clay, Gopalpur clay, Jhalokathi clay and Nachol loam which had a higher K desorption rate than all the other soils. The equilibrium exchangeable K, critical exchangeable K and equilibrium solution K of the soils varied widely (0.0006-0.035, 0.06-0.61 and 0.06-0.604 cmol kg-1, respectively). The added K was converted almost equally for the respective soils, with specific reference to the respective exchangeable and non-exchangeable pool for Barisal clay and Nachol loam.Research highlights: All the studied parameters revealed wide variations among the soils. The linear and polynomial relationships for soils can efficiently characterize intensively cultivated soils in Bangladesh.
Debt vs. self-financing innovation projects: An exploratory study of Spanish agri-food SMEs
Authors: García-Sánchez Isabel-María
Published: May 2021

Aim of study: This paper determines the preferences for debt or equity ‒ common stock and self-financing ‒ that are shown by agri-food companies to finance innovation investment strategies and identify the monitoring role that third-party funding providers can play.Area of study: A sample of 41,109 Spanish SMEs (364,020 observations).Material and methods: The information was obtained from the SABI database, using the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) estimator and a logistic regression like contrast methodologies.Main results: Spanish agri-food companies undertake innovation projects by financing these investments through owners’ resources, mainly from current common stock, as they are independent of these companies’ capacity to generate internal funds. This may be conditioned by the problems of severe negative self-financing presented by this sector in Spain which make it difficult to use retained earnings as a source of financing for new investments; 30% of these firms have a negative self-financing level of EUR 100,000 as the losses accumulated by economic activity are higher than the reserves provided.Research highlights: Agri-food companies prefer to use owners’ funds to finance innovation projects which allows them to maintain the concentration of power, a decision that is reinforced by the limitation to credit access due to innovation creates intangible assets that are not usually accepted as collateral by financial institutions. Meanwhile, given the particularities of these companies ‒ instability and liquidity problems due to the need for funds of operations ‒ the recourse to debt is an appropriate control mechanism to prevent overinvestment decisions.
Covid-19 lockdown and wine consumption frequency in Portugal and Spain (Article replaced)
Authors: Rebelo João , Compés Raúl , Faria Samuel , Gonçalves Tânia , Pinilla Vicente , Simón-Elorz Katrin
Published: May 2021

This article was published on 6 June 2021. It was replaced on 28 June 2021 in: https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021192R-17697Aim of study: This study aims to analyse how psychological factors related to the Covid-19 lockdown affected the frequency of wine consumption among Iberian consumers.Area of study: To achieve this goal, we used data collected from an online survey in Europe comprising 4489 observations from Portuguese and Spanish samples.Material and methods: Using an ordered probit model, we analysed the wine consumption frequency as a function of a set of explanatory variables related to psychological factors and also sociodemographic variables, motivation-related variables and consumption characterisation.Main results: For Spanish respondents the fear of isolation was a decisive factor in increasing the probability of a higher frequency of wine consumption. Meanwhile, in Portugal, the fear of an economic crisis was the psychological factor leading to a higher consumption frequency.Research highlights: In both countries, psychological factors influenced the frequency of wine consumption during the lockdown due to Covid-19. However, the impact of the Covid-19 crisis has been felt differently in Spain and Portugal. Differences can be observed in both psychological and behavioural attitudes that have influenced the frequency of wine consumption and could also indicate significant cultural differences.
A Comparison of Interobserver Reliability Between Orthopedic Surgeons Using the Centers for Disease Control Surgical Wound Class Definitions
Authors: Sessums Price O. , Ledford Cameron K. , Sherman Courtney E. , Bosch Wendelyn , Libertin Claudia R. , Brumble Lisa M. , Wilke Benjamin K.
Published: May 2021

Background:

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) created a classification to help stratify surgical wounds based on contamination and risk of developing a surgical site infection. The classification includes four options (I to IV) depending on the level of contamination present. Although universally applied to a variety of surgical specialties, it is unknown whether the current system is reliable when considering orthopaedic surgeries. The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of interobserver reliability between orthopaedic surgeons using the current CDC wound class definitions.

Methods:

A questionnaire containing 30 clinical vignettes was completed by 39 orthopaedic surgeons at our institution. After each vignette, respondents were asked to determine the appropriate wound class based on information provided in the vignette. The overall interobserver agreement among all participants was analyzed. In addition, respondents were queried about the adequacy of the current classification system in describing orthopaedic surgical wound class.

Results:

Interobserver agreement was poor at 66%, with a coefficient of concordance of 0.48. Only six physicians (15.4%) thought that the current wound classification system adequately covered orthopaedic surgery.

Conclusions:

There is poor interobserver reliability using the CDC surgical wound class definitions for orthopaedic surgeries. Alternate definitions are needed to improve the validity of the system for subspecialty procedures.
Le maintien des emplois pendant la période de l’état d’urgence à la suite de la Covid-19 : analyse critique des mesures instituées en RDC au regard du droit du travail
Authors: KASILAM Juslain NSAMBANA BONKAKO
Published: May 2021

Le devoir de sauvegarder les emplois a poussé les pouvoirs publics à prendre certaines mesures consistant notamment à interdire les licenciements massifs pendant la période de l’état d’urgence proclamé à la suite de la covid-19 en RDC. Par contre, il est de droit pour les entreprises confrontées aux difficultés économiques de procéder à leur réorganisation notamment par la réduction des effectifs de leurs travailleurs. Cet article examine l’applicabilité de cette interdiction au regard de la situation catastrophique des employeurs, en précisant à la fois la nature juridique de covid-19 en droit du travail et ses effets dans les relations professionnelles entre travailleur et employeur. Enfin, quelles perspectives pour l’Etat face à un phénomène de la nature de covid-19, en vue d’une efficacité dans la protection des emplois et la contagion de ses effets.
Le droit pénal et la covid-19 en République Démocratique du Congo.
Authors: KAPENGA Jean Pierre KABEMBA
Published: May 2021

La lutte contre la pandémie de Covid-19 est un défi de survie que chaque État du monde s'est fixé. Cette lutte passe inévitablement par la mise en place de règles strictes à respecter, dont la violation s'accompagne de sanctions. Or, en RDC, entre logique pénale et logique administrative, le choix est fait sur la répression administrative, dont la mise en œuvre n'a pas répondu au besoin de dissuasion souhaité dans cette lutte. Or, cette voie est l'expression de la mise à l'écart du droit pénal, pourtant indispensable pour assurer la contrainte et la dissuasion. Ainsi, après avoir décrit les problèmes posés dans la gestion de la pandémie, cette étude propose une nouvelle stratégie basée sur la prise en compte d'une politique pénale de reconnaissance active des droits de l'homme comme voie de sortie. Ceci n'exclut en rien l'aspect pénal (qui devra être réorganisé) des postulats de prise en compte des besoins fondamentaux de la population dans la lutte contre le Covid-19.
L’état d’urgence a l’épreuve du contrôle de constitutionnalité devant la cour constitutionnelle de la République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: KOSO Marcel WETSH’OKONDA
Published: May 2021

Cette contribution porte sur la constitutionnalisation des pouvoirs présidentiels en cas de circonstances exceptionnelles avec un regard sur les arrêts de la Cour constitutionnelle en rapport avec l'État d'urgence sanitaire contre la pandémie de Covid-19. Elle porte deux parties. La première examine l'examen, par la CC, du respect des conditions de forme relatives à la proclamation et à la prorogation de l'État d'urgence. Le deuxième examen, par la même juridiction, du respect des conditions de fond des mesures d’urgence arrêtées par les pouvoirs publics compétents.
Le régime fiscal de la livraison gratuite des biens liés à la maladie de covid-19 par les entreprises industrielles et commerciales en R.D. Congo.
Authors: IKONA Jean-Victor MBOYO EMPENGE ea
Published: May 2021

Cet article examine la question de la libre livraison des biens corporels liée au régime fiscal de la covid-19 dans un contexte d'analyser relationnelle entre la TVA et de l’impôt sur le Bénéfice professionnel et Profits des sociétés commerciales face aux activités de ces entreprises qui doivent participer à la solidarité nationale par la livraison gratuite de biens corporels liés au covid-19 aux tiers-bénéficiaires. Ainsi, considérée comme une livraison pour soi-même, elle obligerait l’entreprise concernée à déclarer et reverser la TVA collectée, au respect de mécanisme de déductibilité. L’administration fiscale qui se veut gardien des recettes fiscales doit participer à l’action du gouvernement en sécurisant les entreprises, qui manifestent l’intention de participer à l’effort de la solidarité nationale de lutte contre le Covid-19, face au risque de droit de reprise des impositions au moyen des redressements fiscaux, pour absence du garantie fiscale du contribuable vérifié. Aider son voisin, est une maxime qui n'est pas au goût du fisc, surtout lorsqu'elle est pratiquée par une entreprise dont la mission est l’exploitation de l’objet social et non d’exercer la charité. Ladite opération pourrait-elle être exonérée au taux zéro sur la TVA à l’intérieur des biens liés au covid-19. Pour cette raison, l'administration fiscale doit garantir le contribuable contre tout changement interprétative ultérieure sur la question liée à la livraison gratuite des biens liés au covid-19, à un prix inférieur au prix de revient, à des tiers- bénéficiaires autre que l’organisme public.
Etat d’urgence sanitaire pour faire face à l’épidémie de covid-19 en République Démocratique du Congo.
Authors: NKASHAMA Symphorien KAPINGA K.
Published: May 2021

La crise sanitaire due au Covid-19 a mis à rude épreuve le constitutionalisme et l’état de droit en République Démocratique du Congo comme dans beaucoup de pays au monde. Dans cette étude, l’auteur essaie de démontrer comment la gestion de la crise sanitaire par les autorités politiques congolaises a mis à nu l’incohérence des dispositions constitutionnelles relatives à l’état d’urgence et les lacunes de la législation sur cette matière. De même, l’intervention de l’Assemblée nationale et du Sénat dans un format réduit, sans quorum requis par la Constitution et les règlements intérieurs, pour proroger l’état d’urgence sanitaire, a révélé l’inadéquation des règles de fonctionnement de ces deux chambres du Parlement, aux exigences de la lutte contre de la pandémie du Covi-19. D’où, la nécessité pour le Parlement congolais de combler ce vide juridique en adoptant la loi portant modalités d’application de l’état d’urgence en tant que régime exceptionnel dérogatoire à l’ordre juridique établi et d’assouplir les règles de quorum en cas de circonstances exceptionnelles comme celles dues à la pandémie du Covid-19.
La collaboration des pouvoirs publics dans le contexte de lutte contre la pandémie de covid-19 en République Démocratique du Congo
Authors: MINGA Clément SHAMASHANGA
Published: May 2021

Cette étude analyse la collaboration des pouvoirs publics dans le contexte de lutte contre la pandémie de coronavirus en République démocratique du Congo (RDC). Elle révèle que, sous la période de la lutte contre la pandémie de coronavirus, les relations entre le Président de la République et le Parlement, d’une part, et entre le Parlement et le pouvoir judiciaire, d’autre part, ont été marquées par des tensions et méfiances. Si les tensions dans les rapports entre le Président de la République et le Parlement sont consécutives à la crise qui a secoué la coalition FCC-CACH ainsi qu’à la volonté de chaque camp d’exercer un contrôle sur la CENI et la Cour constitutionnelle, celles entre le Parlement et le pouvoir judiciaire sont dues à la volonté du dernier pouvoir de s’émanciper de la tutelle des politiques afin de jouer son rôle de garant de des libertés individuelles et des droits fondamentaux des citoyens ainsi qu’à la perception qu’ont les parlementaires de leurs immunités et de l’autonomie de leurs chambres parlementaires. L’étude démontre également que l’absence d’une collaboration harmonieuse entre les pouvoirs publics, notamment le Président de la République et le Parlement a provoqué une crise politique qui a conduit le Président de la République à mettre fin à la coalition FCC-CACH, ainsi que l’aggravation de la crise engendrée par la pandémie de coronavirus dans tous les secteurs de la vie nationale. Cette absence de collaboration des pouvoirs publics a mis et met en danger l’avenir de l’Etat de droit et de la démocratie en RDC et empêche ces pouvoirs de faire ensemble face à la crise provoquée par le coronavirus qui plonge la population de la misère.
La limitation des droits économiques, sociaux et culturels en RDC pendant la période de l’état d’urgence sanitaire : état des lieux, défis et perspectives
Authors: KASILAM William KATEMBO
Published: May 2021

Des circonstances exceptionnelles, extrêmes, imprévisibles, peuvent amener un État, sur un territoire donné, pour une durée déterminée, à une restriction des droits de l’homme pendant la période de l’état d’urgence. Certaines libertés fondamentales peuvent être restreintes pendant cette période. En RDC, l’ordonnance du Président de la République du 24 mars 2020 qui a proclamé l’état d’urgence sanitaire pour la lutte contre la propagation de la pandémie de Covid-19 a limité un grand nombre des droits de l’homme. Cet article pose la question de savoir si tous les droits de l’homme peuvent être limités dans pareil circonstance et dans le cas d’une réponse négative, quels sont les droits qui peuvent être limités et quelles sont les exigences de cette limitation sur le plan temporaire et spatial.
Der Bürger*innenrat im System globaler Klimapolitik
Authors: Frinken Julian
Published: May 2021

Can sortition based Citizens’ Assemblies contribute to democratizing global decision-making processes? This question is particularly pressing with regard to global climate governance, as the political responses continue to fail to do justice to the accelerating ecological crisis and the calls for greater participation.

Julian Frinken argues that the institutionalization of a deliberative Citizens' Assembly can in principle contribute to more democratic and more effective global climate policy. However, the role assigned to it in the broader deliberative system is crucial. This analysis highlights some normative conditions for such a reform project and points out central challenges to its implementation.
Indexing Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Citrus
Authors: Iftikhar Yasir , Zeeshan Majeed Muhammad , Vadamalai Ganesan , Sajid Ashara
Published: May 2021

Citrus is a highly nutritive and prized fruit crop around the world. It contributes a substantial share in local consumption and exports of a nation to earn a handsome foreign exchange. The production of citrus is under the threat of citrus decline. Different factors are responsible for the citrus decline but virus and virus-like diseases have the major role in this decline. Virus and virus-like diseases alone or in association with other biotic and abiotic factors exist in the citrus orchards. Therefore, indexing of diseases caused by virus and virus-like pathogens is the key factor to manage these citrus diseases. Proper facilities and skilled personnel are the pre-requisite for the diseases indexing procedures. Biological, serological and molecular indexing is sensitive, reliable and durable strategy for managing different citrus virus and virus-like diseases under different conditions. Moreover, indexing of viruses and virus-like pathogens are very important for the production of disease free citrus nurseries. This chapter gives a brief review for the commonly used biological, serological and molecular assays for the detection of citrus virus and virus-like pathogens.
A Modified Spectral Relaxation Method for Some Emden-Fowler Equations
Authors: Tendayi Marewo Gerald
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we present a modified version of the spectral relaxation method for solving singular initial value problems for some Emden-Fowler equations. This study was motivated by the several applications that these equations have in Science. The first step of the method of solution makes use of linearisation to solve the model problem on a small subinterval of the problem domain. This subinterval contains a singularity at the initial instant. The first step is combined with using the spectral relaxation method to recursively solve the model problem on the rest of the problem domain. We make use of examples to demonstrate that the method is reliable, accurate and computationally efficient. The numerical solutions that are obtained in this chapter are in good agreement with other solutions in the literature.
Assessment and Management of Pain in Palliative Care
Authors: Charak Sonika , George Thattil Robin , Mohan Srivastava Chandra , Prasad Das Prabhu , Shandilya Manish
Published: May 2021

Palliative care is an essential component in any disease management. Pain assessment acts as the connecting link between the nerves, brain and spinal cord. Classification and assessment of the pain have great significance in controlling the pain-related symptoms. Pain is broadly divided into three types nociceptive, neuropathic and mixed depending upon the damage caused. Nociceptive pain is caused due to the stimulation of the pain receptors in the tissues and is further divided into visceral and somatic depending on the pain site. Neuropathic pain arises when the nervous system gets damaged or start dysfunctioning. Cancer pain assessment includes several factors like the site, intensity, syndrome, timing and temporal variation of pain. Edmonton staging system for cancer pain prognostic is widely used for pain management includes emotional/psychological distress cognitive impairment caused by pain. A comprehensive understanding of pain assessment will help in enhancing the quality of life of the patients.
Glaucoma Related to Ocular and Orbital Tumors
Authors: P. Yadav Sonal
Published: May 2021

Secondary glaucoma due to ocular and orbital tumors can be a diagnostic challenge. It is an essential differential to consider in eyes with a known tumor as well as with unilateral, atypical, asymmetrical, or refractory glaucoma. Various intraocular neoplasms including iris and ciliary body tumors (melanoma, metastasis, lymphoma), choroidal tumors (melanoma, metastasis), vitreo-retinal tumors (retinoblastoma, medulloepithelioma, vitreoretinal lymphoma) and orbital tumors (extra-scleral extension of choroidal melanoma or retinoblastoma, primary orbital tumors) etc. can lead to raised intraocular pressure. The mechanisms for glaucoma include direct (tumor invasion or infiltration related outflow obstruction, trabecular meshwork seeding) or indirect (angle closure from neovascularization or anterior displacement or compression of iris) or elevated episcleral venous pressure secondary to orbital tumors. These forms of glaucoma need unique diagnostic techniques and customized treatment considerations as they often pose therapeutic dilemmas. This chapter will review and discuss the mechanisms, clinical presentations and management of glaucoma related to ocular and orbital tumors.
The Role of Genetics in Cardiomyopaties: A Review
Authors: Vernengo Luis , Topaloglu Haluk
Published: May 2021

Cardiomyopathies are defined as disorders of the myocardium which are always associated with cardiac dysfunction and are aggravated by arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death. There are different ways of classifying them. The American Heart Association has classified them in either primary or secondary cardiomyopathies depending on whether the heart is the only organ involved or whether they are due to a systemic disorder. On the other hand, the European Society of Cardiology has classified them according to the different morphological and functional phenotypes associated with their pathophysiology. In 2013 the MOGE(S) classification started to be published and clinicians have started to adopt it. The purpose of this review is to update it.
Diagnosis of Cardiac Amyloidosis Using Non-Invasive Technics
Authors: Strickler Eva , Tsiaze Ernest , Hellige Gerrit , Zumstein Dominik , Waldmeier Dominik , Arenja Nisha
Published: May 2021

Amyloidosis is a rare multiorgan disease defined by a process of irreversible, extracellular accumulation of fibrillar proteins in the tissues, including the heart. Cardiac involvement is seen in most forms of amyloidosis, but it is frequently present and clinically significant in light chain (AL)-amyloidosis as well as transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). Cardiac amyloid accumulation leads to a restrictive filling pattern, which must be differentiated from other forms of restrictive and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies due to consequences for the treatment. Evolving knowledge of the disease has led to a definite diagnosis of the cardiac amyloidosis (CA) using non-invasive and low-risk diagnostic features, such as scintigraphy (gamma scan) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping technics. The availability and diagnostic accuracy of these technics has reduced the need for cardiac biopsy. In the following chapter, we will describe common types of CA, the basic concepts, and updates of non-invasive diagnostic features.