bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Step-Change in Solar Energy Conversion Schemes
Authors: Guldi Dirk
Published: July 2022

At the heart of unlocking the potential of global clean, renewable energy is the concerted effort of Advanced Charge Management (ACM) and Advanced Photon Management (APM). Recent advances regarding molecular ACM have documented the maturity of energy conversion schemes. Adding now APM to ACM by means of down- and/or up-conversion and creating synergies is essential to further boost the efficiency of these sun-driven energy conversion schemes. A full-fledged comprehension of APM is essential as an enabler for creating versatile platforms that are broadly applicable not only in the area of solar electricity, but also solar fuels. APM is, in the molecular context, based on either down-converting photons by means of Singlet Fission (SF), on one-hand, or on Triplet Fusion (TF)/Two Photon Absorptions (TPA) for up-converting them, on the other hand. To harvest photons in the high-energy regime, SF, the molecular analog to multiple exciton generation, stands out. It allows high-energy, singlet-excited states to be down-converted into twice as many low-energy, triplet-excited states, thereby improving solar-cell performance. This is, however, limited to the part of the solar spectrum, where, for example, the SF-materials feature a significant absorption cross-section. To harvest photons in the low-energy regime, necessitates non-resonant, indirect excitation via TF/TPA. Our transdisciplinary research has enabled in recent years to gather a comprehensive understanding of molecular down- and up-conversion.
Effect of Heteroatoms Doped Nanoporous Carbon for Aqueous Zinc–Bromine Battery
Authors: HAN Sunghoon , Kang Jisue , Kim Jong Gyeong , Pak Chanho
Published: July 2022

As interest in renewable energy increases, the importance of batteries that store surplus power is also increasing. However, frequent ignition issues with the lithium-ion secondary battery arose. One of the next-generation batteries, Zinc-Bromine based aqueous flow batteries, are being actively studied based on advantages of high safety and environmental benignity. However, there is an exorbitant price for flow battery due to the use of a membrane, an electrolyte tank, and a pump. In order to eliminate the shortcomings, this research introduced a form of membraneless and flowless systems.

In this study, a nanoporous carbon material doped with nitrogen and boron heteroatoms was synthesized and coated on graphite felt. Differences in electrochemical performance were observed when carbon was coated with different slurry compositions (activated carbon: conductive carbon: binder), dopant amount of heteroatoms, and carbon loading mass. Cyclic voltammetry was performed with a three-electrode system to observe the faradaic reaction of active materials according to the potential change. Besides the difference in contact angle for ZnBr2 electrolyte, there are differences in single cell test at 20 mA/cm2 & 2 mAh/cm2 and performance test at 20 mA/cm2 & 24.3 mAh/cm2. These causes can be explained not only by the effect of the different slurry compositions, but also by the interaction of the active material with the coated carbon. Also, the redox reactions of bromine anion during charging process could be a clue for the battery capacity. Cathodic reactions for polybromide [Br2 + Brn
– → Brn+2
– , (n=1,3,5...)] can be analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. The peak shift and deconvolution of the Raman data can measure the progress of cathodic reactions. The boron dopants can stabilize the reversibility of faradaic reactions and induce high resistance to strong acid electrolytes (For ZnBr2 electrolyte of 2.0 M or higher, it has a value under the pH 4).

Figure 1
Charge and Hydrogen Storage Capacities of Electrodeposited Graphene Derivatives
Authors: Avraham Hanan , Kadosh Yanir , Korin Eli , Bettelheim Armand
Published: July 2022

Graphene’s theoretical capacitance and physical hydrogen storage abilitiesmark it as one of the best candidates for energy storage application. Graphene oxide (GO) is easy to manufacture in bulk synthesis and can be considered as a precursor for graphene synthesis. The application of graphene on the surface of electrodes can be achieved by different techniques as drop-coating and electrodeposition. It has been reported that the electrochemical hydrogen storage is favored in samples with a well-developed porosity and a low content in surface oxygen complexes. Both features indicate that the unsaturated carbon atoms in the carbon materials have an important role for the hydrogen uptake. It has also been suggested that the total capacity of hydrogen storage is proportional to the interlayer distance and not to the carbon specific surface area.

The present work presents an investigation of electrodeposited GO coatings (ED), which have subsequently been electroreduced to various degrees of rGO, and relate their charge capacitance and hydrogen storage capacity to the preparation mode, morphological structure, and surface chemistry. These properties were compared to those of drop-cast (DC) coatings of GO.

The ED coatings were characterized by more accumulated graphene sheets imperfections as observed by cross section TEM analysis. These coatings, when reduced at -1.6 V vs Hg/HgO showed more efficient removal of phenolic groups than DC ones treated at the same potential (remaining contents of 2.1 and 18.1 %, respectively). They also showed lower charge transfer resistance (5.2 and 28 Ω cm2, respectively), higher capacitance (73.2 and 42.6 F/g, respectively), and higher hydrogen storage capacity (119 and 57 mAh/g, respectively). Moreover, they showed higher stability towards H2 charge/discharge cycles (retained hydrogen capacities of 95 and 40 % after 15 and 6 cycles for ED and DC coatings reduced at -1.5 V, respectively).

The removal during the electroreduction process of phenolic groups located at the graphene sheets edges of the ED coatings and their higher pseudo-capacitance can explain their lower charge transfer resistance and their higher pseudo-capacitance, respectively. Their superior stability towards hydrogen charge/discharge cycles is suggested to stem from evolving hydrogen escape routes created during the ED process. The superior performance properties of coatings obtained by ED and subsequently electro-reduced make them promising electrode materials for energy storage.
(Invited) Advances in Swir In Vivo Fluorescence Imaging Instrumentation
Authors: Blais-Ouellette Sebastien , Rioux David , Heller Daniel A. , Roxbury Daniel , Leblond Frédéric , Akbarzadeh Alireza
Published: July 2022

The development of SWIR, or NIR II, imaging capabilities have significantly accelerated in the past few years. Initially most often developed out of necessity to observe specific phenomena or biosensors, NIR II instrumentation has evolved as a proper research field. Here we will focus on the latest advances in imaging and spectroscopic modalities, including novel depth sectioning methods, multimodal imaging, and agile spectroscopic measurements. Translational aspects of SWIR imaging and sensing will be discussed as well, focusing on intraoperative imaging and deployable sensors for biosensing applications.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Carbon Nanotube Near-Infrared Fluorescent Labels, and Biodistribution of Carbon Nanotubes after Intravenous Injection
Authors: Okazaki Toshiya
Published: July 2022

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising candidates for near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent labels in diagnostic fields. We here report a complex of oxygen-doped CNT (o-CNT) and streptavidin (SA) to prepare CNT-based NIR labels with a high reaction efficiency in immunoassays [1]. This complex specifically binds to biotin molecules by conjugating a linker molecule of phospholipid polyethylene glycol (PL-PEG) to SA (o-CNT-SA). The immunoprecipitation (IP) reaction efficiency between o-CNT-SA and biotin reaches 79.3% by uniformly covering the surface of o-CNTs with SA conjugated PL-PEG (SA-PEG). Further, we also report the biodistribution and toxicity of oxidized super-growth single-wall carbon nanotubes (oxSG) injected intravenously into mice over 3months [2].

[1] K. Kojima, Y. Iizumi, M. Zhang, T. Okazaki, submitted.

[2] M. Zhang, Y. Xu, M. Yang, M. Yudasaka, T. Okazaki, 15, 798-811 (2021).
(Invited) Using Cell Lensing and Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry to Characterize Immune Cell Populations
Authors: Gong Xun , Cho Soo-Yeon , Koman Volodymyr , Jin Xiaojia , Strano Michael
Published: July 2022

Recently, we developed a method called Nanosensor Chemical Cytometry (NCC), where an optical nanosensor array embedded within microfluidics can be used to interrogate chemical species efflux from individual cells. The cell itself was found to perform as an informative Gaussian lens, projecting both the nIR emission of the single-walled carbon nanotube sensors as well as various cellular physical properties. We found NCC to be able to profile immune heterogeneities at attomolar sensitivity in a completely non-destructive and real-time manner with rate of ~600 cells/hr.

Macrophages are a critical part of the human immune response, and their collective heterogeneity is implicated in disease progression and prevention. Here, we use the NCC technique to profile the heterogeneity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) responses from macrophage populations. Parameters measured nitric oxide (NO) efflux and refractive index (RI) changes at a single-cell level. Using NCC, NO was measured with (10−18 mol) sensitivity in a nondestructive and real-time manner with a throughput of exceeding the 200 cells/frame. With lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation, NO efflux elevated from 342 (σ = 199) to 464 (σ = 206) attomol/cell·hr, in agreement with previously reported Griess assay results. This work provides an efficient strategy for chemical analysis of cell populations for manufacturing and biopharmaceutical engineering.
(Invited) Multivalent [60]Fullerene Hexakis-Adducts for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Illescas Martínez Beatriz M. , Patino-Alonso Jennifer , Nieto-Ortiz Gema , Cabrera-González Justo , Martín Nazario
Published: July 2022

Now more than ever we are aware of the need of development of new antiviral materials to fight off unknown virus and overcome the multidrug resistance shown by different pathogens. Such resistance is considered a public health threat and the WHO predicted millions of deaths during the next years caused by resistant microorganisms. Carbon based nanomaterials hold promise for alternative and innovative approaches as they are biodegradable and biocompatible materials with unique tunable optical, electronic and mechanical properties.

Many biological recognition processes take advantage of multivalency to enhance weak ligand-receptor affinities. Typical important multivalent interactions are the protein-carbohydrate recognition involved in viral entry, cell surface adhesion, and host-pathogen interactions. Among the carbon based nanomaterials, [60]fullerene constitutes a privileged scaffold with a highly symmetrical and rigid nanosized structure. We have modified it to form hexakis-adducts with octahedral geometry for the multivalent presentation of carbohydrates or amino acids.1,2 Tridecafullerenes constructed by a central [60]fullerene scaffold surrounded by other twelve fullerene units endowed with up to 360 disaccharides have been synthesized and studied in viral infection inhibition biological assays. These systems have shown a remarkable efficiency in the inhibition of the infectious process by Ebola, Zika and Dengue viruses, with IC50 values in the picomolar range.3

New multivalent nanostructures with different topology and/or fluorescent platforms are currently being synthesized and evaluated in our group. The latest results will be presented.

References:

[1] Muñoz, A.; Sigwalt, D.; Illescas, B. M.; Luczkowiak, J.; Rodríguez-Pérez, L.; Nierengarten, I.; Holler, M.; Remy, J.-S.; Buffet, K.; Vincent, S. P.; Rojo, J.; Delgado, R.; Nierengarten, J.-F.; Martín, N. Nat. Chem.,
2016, 8, 50-57.

[2] Ruiz-Santaquiteria, M.; Illescas, B. M.; Abdelnabi, R.; Boonen, A.; Mills, A.; Martí-Marí, O.; Noppen, S.; Neyts, J.; Schols, D.; Gago, F.; San-Félix, A.; Camarasa, M. J., Martín, N. Chem. Eur. J.
2021, 27, 10700–10710.

[3] Ramos-Soriano, J.; Reina, J. J.; Illescas, B. M.; De La Cruz, N.; Rodríguez-Pérez, L.; Lasala, F.; Rojo, J.; Delgado, R.; Martín, N. J. Am.
Chem. Soc.
2019, 141, 15403-15412.
(Invited) Functionalized Polymer-Sorted Carbon Nanotube Networks for Sensing Applications
Authors: Zaumseil Jana
Published: July 2022

Networks of polymer-sorted, purely semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit very high charge carrier mobilities, chemical stability and mechanical flexibility. Due to their large surface area they also permit a wide variety of modifications for sensing of gases, ions and even biomolecules. Exchanging the conjugated polymer used for the selective SWNT dispersion with specifically functionalized new wrapping polymers enables targeted sensing of analytes and improved devices performance. For example, spiropyran-functionalized polymer-nanotube hybrids can be used for dynamic optical memory devices and UV sensors (Adv. Electron. Mater. 2020, 6, 2000717). Other functional groups of the wrapping polymer promote the selective binding of copper ions and hence also the detection of the herbicide glyphosate in water by competitive binding using electrochemical SWNT network transistors. We further demonstrate how the performance of water-gated electrochemical SWNT transistors for bioelectronics (ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2021, 3, 3106) can be improved by exchanging the hydrophobic alkyl sidechains of the wrapping polyfluorene copolymer with hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol (TEG) groups. Thick, aerosol jet printed SWNT films with TEG sidechains show significantly increased volumetric capacitances and thus higher transconductances.
(Invited, Digital Presentation) Determining Surfactant Layer Composition on an (n,m) SWCNT at Extraction Conditions in Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction
Authors: Sims Christopher , Fagan Jeffrey
Published: July 2022

Surfactant-controlled aqueous two-polymer phase extraction is a sensitive method for separating specific (n,m) structures of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Using empirically determined values for the overall surfactant compositions that enable differential extraction, it is possible to isolate many (n,m) species across a broad diameter range from < 0.8 nm to > 1.5 nm, however, researching new methods requires extensive new separation experiments. To overcome this barrier, we recently advanced a fluorescence-based methodology for determining extraction conditions for specific (n,m) species SWCNTs and their enantiomers that does not rely on the performance of separations, and can be performed at well controlled environmental conditions with orders of magnitude less nanotube sample. This method is based on the finding that the change in the nature of the extraction is directly correlated with a dramatic change in fluorescence intensity of the particular (n,m) structure. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, we have now orthogonally determined the density of the bound surfactant on specific nanotube (n,m)s below, near, and above the surfactant concentrations yielding the extraction change, as well as for the two co-surfactants separately. These results enable evaluation of the hypothesis that the fluorescence and extraction conditions changes are the result of a change in the composition of the dominant adsorbed surfactant at a specific composition ratio.
(Invited) Raman Scattering By Exciton-Polaritons in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Gordeev Georgy , Kusch Patryk , Flavel Benjamin S , Reich Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Resonant Raman scattering has been used for decades to study single walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), but lacks a consistent theory that simultaneously explains all characteristic signatures. We argue that a proper description requires introducing exciton polaritons as couples excitonic and photonic states. We describe the polaritons by waveguided theory for a nanometre thick cylinder with modified dielectric function. During their propagation along the tube, the polaritons scatter with phonons and are re-emitted as photons with smaller energy (Stokes scattering event). This approach consistently explains the energetic positions of the Raman resonances for the radial-breathing mode (RBM), the G and the 2D line as well as the asymmetry in the scattering intensity of the incoming and outgoing resonances without resorting to higher-order scattering events. We measured the Raman effect on chirality-sorted nanotubes over the first and second exciton resonance and excellently predict its behaviour, which has not been achieved before. The formation of polaritonic states will affect other optical processes in CNTs. Furthermore, exciton-polariton effects appear inevitable in all one-dimensional excitonic systems, similar to our observations in single walled carbon nanotubes.
(Invited) Influence of Vibrations on the Emission Properties of Single Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Liu Thomas , Tonnelé Claire , Elias Christine , Rondin Loïc , Carles Baptiste , Medina Lopez Daniel , Chassagneux Yannick , Narita Akimistu , Voisin Christophe , Campidelli Stephane , Beljonne David , Lauret Js
Published: July 2022

Recent years have shown an increasing number of studies dedicated to new light emitters for diverse applications such as optoelectronics, bio-imaging, and quantum technologies. In this context, graphene quantum dots (GQD) have important assets since bottom-up chemistry allows complete control of the structure, opening the way to wide customization of their electronic, optical, and spin properties [1-3]. The full benefit from these opportunities requires addressing GQD’s intrinsic photophysical properties.To do so, single molecule photoluminescence experiment is a powerfull tool [4]. Here, we highlight the influence of vibrations on GQDs’ optical properties, by comparing optical studies to extensive DFT/TDDFT calculations combined with molecular dynamics simulations. Specifically, we discussed their role in the transitions' oscillator strengths [5]. In order to get deeper in the photophysics of GQD, we investigate the spectroscopy of single GQDs at cryogenic temperatures. In particular, we show a narrowing of the emission lines at low temperature, that allows us to characterize and identify vibrational replicas that are characteristic to GQDs [6].

[1] M. G. Debije, J. Am.
Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 4641

[2] X. Yan, X. Cui, and L.-s. Li, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010 132, 5944

[3] A. Konishi et al, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 11021

[4] S. Zhao et al, Nature Communications, 2018, 9, 3470

[5] T. Liu et al, under review

[6] T. Liu et al, in preparation
(Digital Presentation) Chiroptical Effect in Aligned Carbon Nanotube Films
Authors: Doumani Jacques , Lou Minhan , Yanagi Kazuhiro , Kono Junichiro , Gao Weilu
Published: July 2022

The dissymmetric interaction between circularly polarized light and solid-state materials is central to developing next-generation chiral photonic devices for applications such as spectroscopy and imaging. The strong quantum confinement in 1D single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) features extraordinary electrical and optical properties and enables high-performance optoelectronic devices for the generation, modulation, and detection of light. The recent success of separating chirality-enriched [1], especially enantiomer-enriched, SWCNT suspensions and their macroscopic alignment assembly [2] further pushes the frontier of improving the performance and bringing new chiral functionalities of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. However, the chiroptical spectroscopy characterization mainly focuses on solution samples or individual SWCNTs. There has been no report of such studies in macroscopic solid-state films of SWCNTs. In this work, we investigate the circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy of the solution and large-area films of non-racemic, chirality-mixture SWCNTs synthesized using the arc-discharge method. We prepared multiple films with various degrees of alignment using the controlled vacuum filtration method [2]. By carefully designing a cuvette that is manufactured through a stereolithography-type 3D printer (Fig. 1a) and performing a 4-configuration measurement by flipping and rotating samples (Fig. 1b), the effects from linear dichroism and birefringence can be minimized [3]. As expected, both solution and random film samples displayed zero CD; see Fig. 1c. In stark contrast, the aligned films displayed strong CD signals (~ 480 mdeg at the peak position). More surprisingly, the signs of obtained CD signals from different aligned films can be completely opposite even though their degrees of alignment, in terms of reduced linear dichroism (LDr) at the wavelength of 1035 nm, and thicknesses are nearly the same; see Fig. 1c. We will discuss possible origins of these surprising chiroptical responses in terms of slight and gradual twisted rotations of alignment directors, which can happen during spontaneous alignment in the vacuum filtration process.

[1] Ichinose, Y., Eda, J., Yomogida, Y. et al. Extraction of High-Purity Single-Chirality Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Precise pH Control Using Carbon Dioxide Bubbling. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
121, 13391-13395 (2017).

[2] He, X., Gao, W., Xie, L. et al. Wafer-scale monodomain films of spontaneously aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nature Nanotech
11, 633–638 (2016).

[3] Albano, G., Pescitelli, G. et al. Chiroptical Properties in Thin Films of π-Conjugated Systems. Chemical Reviews

120
, 10145-10243 (2020).

Figure 1
(Invited) Camera-Based Strain Visualization Using Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence
Authors: Weisman R. Bruce , Bachilo Sergei M. , Meng Wei , Nagarajaiah Satish
Published: July 2022

It is well known that each semiconducting species of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) gives distinct near-infrared fluorescence following excitation with visible light. Fundamental band gap modulation makes the peak emission wavelengths shift predictably when the nanotubes are deformed by axial stretching or compression. This effect forms the basis for a new method of mechanical strain measurement in which nanotubes are dilutely dispersed in thin polymer films applied to surfaces of interest. When the substrate is subsequently strained, load transfer through the film to the nanotubes causes small spectral shifts that are monitored through non-contact spectral measurements. We have demonstrated this method through successful strain mapping on specimens of aluminum, copper, steel, acrylic, polycarbonate, cement, and concrete, using point-by-point scanning. To improve the speed and convenience of SWCNT-based strain mapping, we are adapting the method to camera-based measurements. A macroscopic region of a coated specimen surface is illuminated with an excitation laser and the resulting SWCNT emission is imaged from a stand-off distance of ca. 50 cm by a near-IR sensitive camera. Multiple images are acquired through a tunable spectral filter to span the emission band of interest. The image data are then analyzed by spectrally fitting intensities at each pixel to find the local peak emission wavelength, from which the local strain value is deduced. The set of local strains is converted into a color-coded strain map showing detailed deformations of the specimen. We expect that the introduction of camera-based spectral strain measurement technology will lead to an important industrial application of SWCNTs.
Practical notes on popular statistical tests in renal physiology
Authors: Mamenko Mykola , Lysikova Daria V. , Spires Denisha R. , Tarima Sergey S. , Ilatovskaya Daria V.
Published: July 2022

Competent statistical analysis is essential to maintain rigor and reproducibility in physiological research. Unfortunately, the benefits offered by statistics are often negated by misuse or inadequate reporting of statistical methods. To address the need for improved quality of statistical analysis in papers, the American Physiological Society released guidelines for reporting statistics in journals published by the society. The guidelines reinforce high standards for the presentation of statistical data in physiology but focus on the conceptual challenges and, thus, may be of limited use to an unprepared reader. Experimental scientists working in the renal field may benefit from putting the existing guidelines in a practical context. This paper discusses the application of widespread hypothesis tests in a confirmatory study. We simulated pharmacological experiments assessing intracellular calcium in cultured renal cells and kidney function at the systemic level to review best practices for data analysis, graphical presentation, and reporting. Such experiments are ubiquitously used in renal physiology and could be easily translated to other practical applications to fit the reader’s specific needs. We provide step-by-step guidelines for using the most common types of t tests and ANOVA and discuss typical mistakes associated with them. We also briefly consider normality tests, exclusion criteria, and identification of technical and experimental replicates. This review is supposed to help the reader analyze, illustrate, and report the findings correctly and will hopefully serve as a gauge for a level of design complexity when it might be time to consult a biostatistician.
Extended lifetimes of bubbles at hyperbaric pressure may contribute to inner ear decompression sickness during saturation diving
Authors: Doolette David J. , Mitchell Simon J.
Published: July 2022

Inner ear decompression sickness that occurs during deep saturation diving is explained by arterialization of venous bubbles across intracardiac or intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts and growth of these bubbles if they arrive in the inner ear. Bubbles in arterial blood have prolonged lifetimes at hyperbaric pressures compared with at sea level. This can explain why inner ear decompression sickness is more characteristic of rapid decompressions at great depths than of decompression at sea level.
Dietary nitrate supplementation and small muscle mass exercise hemodynamics in patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Broxterman Ryan M. , La Salle D. Taylor , Zhao Jia , Reese Van R. , Kwon Oh Sung , Richardson Russell S. , Trinity Joel D.
Published: July 2022

Adverse hemodynamic responses to exercise in patients with hypertension, despite antihypertensive medication, indicate a sustained cardiovascular risk. The efficacy of dietary nitrate to improve limb vascular conductance during exercise was inversely dependent on the magnitude of exercising limb vascular conductance at baseline, rather than antihypertensive medication status. The effects of dietary nitrate on hemodynamics during exercise in patients with hypertension are dependent on the values at baseline and independent of antihypertensive medication status.
Shorter muscle fascicle operating lengths increase the metabolic cost of cyclic force production
Authors: Beck Owen N. , Trejo Lindsey H. , Schroeder Jordyn N. , Franz Jason R. , Sawicki Gregory S.
Published: July 2022

During locomotion, active muscles undergo cyclic length-changing contractions. In this study, we isolated confounding variables and revealed that cyclically producing force at relatively shorter fascicle lengths increases metabolic energy expenditure. Therefore, muscle fascicle operating lengths likely have a measurable effect on the metabolic energy expenditure during locomotion.
Complex physiology and clinical implications of time-restricted eating
Authors: Petersen Max C. , Gallop Molly R. , Flores Ramos Stephany , Zarrinpar Amir , Broussard Josiane L. , Chondronikola Maria , Chaix Amandine , Klein Samuel
Published: July 2022

Time-restricted eating (TRE) is a dietary intervention that limits food consumption to a specific time window each day. The effect of TRE on body weight and physiological functions has been extensively studied in rodent models, which have shown considerable therapeutic effects of TRE and important interactions among time of eating, circadian biology, and metabolic homeostasis. In contrast, it is difficult to make firm conclusions regarding the effect of TRE in people because of the heterogeneity in results, TRE regimens, and study populations. In this review, we 1) provide a background of the history of meal consumption in people and the normal physiology of eating and fasting; 2) discuss the interaction between circadian molecular metabolism and TRE; 3) integrate the results of preclinical and clinical studies that evaluated the effects of TRE on body weight and physiological functions; 4) summarize other time-related dietary interventions that have been studied in people; and 4) identify current gaps in knowledge and provide a framework for future research directions.
The Application of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation in Sports Psychology
Authors: Chang Shuzhi
Published: July 2022

The problem of sports psychological fatigue has become one of the focal points of common concern among scholars at home and abroad. Athletes will face many problems and challenges in competition or training, and if they are not handled properly, they will have negative experiences, which will affect the training benefits and develop psychological fatigue. Transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), which contains transcranial direct current stimulation, transcranial alternating current stimulation, and transcranial random noise stimulation, is a noninvasive brain stimulation method. By applying specific patterns of low-intensity electrical currents to specific brain regions through electrodes of different sizes, it modulates cortical neural activity and/or excitability and enhances the connections between the brain and nerves and muscles to achieve improved motor performance. TES technology is currently making the transition from laboratory research to applied research in sports science. In this paper, we first describe the neural mechanisms of TES action on the cerebral cortex, including five aspects of body balance, endurance performance, exercise fatigue, muscle strength, and motor learning ability; then, we review the relevant studies on the application of TES in functional connectivity of brain networks and explore the importance of this field for TES to improve athletic performance. This research provides a machine learning-based and transcranial electrical stimulation model for the locomotor psychological fatigue problem in rock climbers since rock climbing is a sport that places great demands on athletes’ psychological quality. The research on the factors influencing the psychological fatigue of climbers and the intervention measures is beneficial to the early diagnosis and the prevention and intervention of it.
[Retracted] Automatic Text Summarization for Public Health WeChat Official Accounts Platform Base on Improved TextRank
Authors: Cheng Zixuan , Guo Shunli
Published: July 2022

With the rapid development of we‐media information dissemination, WeChat official accounts platform has become an important way for people to obtain health related knowledge. However, the platform information is redundant, miscellaneous, and overloaded. In order to meet the increasingly accurate and efficient knowledge service needs of users, reorganizing and aggregating document knowledge resources is effective. If we use the way of artificial recognition to filter information, it will inevitably cause huge labor and time cost, and the effect is very little in front of massive articles. This paper proposes a text summarization method for the WeChat platform based on improved TextRank that takes into account both user demands and sentence features during the summarization process. The data source crawled from the Sogou WeChat platform. The results show that the TextRank algorithm has obvious hints on the accuracy of text summarization extraction after fusing the Word2vec model. The improved TextRank method, integrating user demands and sentence features into the model, makes the results of text summarization closer to the theme of the article and more able to meet the user demand. According to the complexity of the algorithm, this method is not suitable for the automatic summarization of long or multiple documents.
Decision Tree Algorithm for Visual Art Design in a Psychotherapy System for College Students
Authors: Wang Han , Ji Xiang , Zhang Dandan
Published: July 2022

With the development of society, psychological health becomes a basic standard for a college student to grow into a qualified person. This study is aimed at using data mining principles and methods to excavate the factors that lead to psychological problems of college students, to purposefully carry out psychological interventions, use visual art design methods to promote college students’ psychological health treatment, and build a perfect system of college students’ psychological treatment. Based on the theories of data mining, we built a data analysis model, elaborated the data preprocessing method, and applied the Apriori algorithm to analyze the data of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and interpersonal sensitivity symptoms, and various psychological problem attributes extracted the strong association rules and analyzed the results. Take advantage of the corresponding unique school environment and educational advantages, to build a set of mental health education methods suitable for modern college students, and truly enable them to obtain satisfactory psychological interventions in a reasonable art design treatment phase. Based on the above association pattern mining results, a series of preprocessing operations were performed on the data, and then, the Apriori algorithm was applied to discover the potential association relationships among 9 psychological dimension factors of college students, and then, the ID3 decision tree algorithm was used to construct a decision tree and pruning process, from which the classification rules of students’ psychological problems were analyzed and discovered. These studies provide some practical reference basis for school counseling work.
Designing Deep Learning Hardware Accelerator and Efficiency Evaluation
Authors: Qi Zhi , Chen Weijian , Naqvi Rizwan Ali , Siddique Kamran
Published: July 2022

With the swift development of deep learning applications, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has brought a tremendous challenge to traditional processors to fulfil computing requirements. It is urgent to embrace new strategies to improve efficiency and diminish energy consumption. Currently, diverse accelerator strategies for CNN computation based on the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform have been gradually explored because they have edges of high parallelism, low power consumption, and better programmability. This paper first illustrates state-of-the-art FPGA-based accelerator design by emphasizing the contributions and limitations of existing research works. Subsequently, we demonstrated significant concepts of parallel computing (PC) in the convolution algorithm and discussed how to accomplish parallelism based on the FPGA hardware structure. Eventually, with the proposed CPU+ FPGA framework, we performed experiments and compared the performance against traditional computation strategies in terms of the operation efficiency and energy consumption ratio. The results revealed that the efficiency of the FPGA platform is much higher than that of the central processing unit and graphics processing unit.
Important Explorations on Surface Corrosion of the Copper Coins Sourced from the Qing Dynasty
Authors: Yin Xue , Yang Kang , Zhang Honglei , Xiong Bangying , Duan Mengcheng , Wang Minghao , Hao Yongxing
Published: July 2022

Surface corrosion is considered to be a main reason for the surface pattern damages of copper coin sourced from the Qing Dynasty. In this study, micromorphology and the structural feature of the copper coins were analyzed to determine their corrosion mechanisms. The results revealed that the etching rates successively reduced with decreasing corrosion thickness, possibly because of unique macrofeatures of the surface pattern. Variable phases, bonding morphologies, and three-/two-dimensional structures of Ql-TB (Qianlong-Tongbao) coins were visibly different at the microscale, which induced disproportional stresses and microscopic cracks, facilitating an unhindered entry of oxide and hydroxyl (OH−) ions. These species resulted in the competitive interplay of self-healing and self-degradation mechanisms on the coin surfaces and formed corrosion thickness of ~9.31 μm and a mean corrosion rate of ~2.7%. This study provided an important guideline for preserving microstructures and surface patterns of historical copper coins.
The Application of Computer-Based Virtual Technology in Volleyball Training
Authors: Wang Shuai , Wang Jinjin , Jin Chengye
Published: July 2022

At present, science and technology have become an important step in the reform and development of sports, promoting the vigorous development of sports in our country. From the perspective of virtual computer technology, this paper applies virtual computer technology to modern training and designs a training system for volleyball players based on virtual reality technology. First, collect the sports data of the athletes, use the virtual reality perception interaction model to input the data into the virtual environment generation unit, perform data fusion under the control of the simulation management module, and combine the database in the sports simulation volleyball training data unit and the sports in the image card Behavioral interpretation, simulating 3D modeling based on User settings within the 3D Model Processor. The test results show that the system helps to improve the training effect of athletes, saves the cost of sports training, and has high practical application value.
Molecular Evolution of the Activating Transcription Factors Shapes the Adaptive Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Iqbal Asia , Ijaz Nabeel , Ullah Muhammad Irfan , Asif Akhtar Rasool , Rahman Abdur , Mehmood Tahir , Haider Ghulam , Ahmed Shakeel , Mahmoud Samy F. , Alghamdi Fatimah Othman , Al Amari Hala Abdulrahman , Simirgiotis Mario Juan , Chen Jinping
Published: July 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an essential part in physiology of individual cell. ROS can cause damage to various biomolecules, including DNA. The systems that have developed to harness the impacts of ROS are antique evolutionary adaptations that are intricately linked to almost every aspect of cellular function. This research reveals the idea that during evolution, rather than being largely conserved, the molecular pathways reacting to oxidative stress have intrinsic flexibility. The coding sequences of the ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, and ATF6 genes were aligned to examine selection pressure on the genes, which were shown to be very highly conserved among vertebrate species. A total of 33 branches were explicitly evaluated for their capacity to diversify selection. After accounting for multiple testing, significance was determined using the likelihood ratio test with a threshold of

p
≤
0.05

. Positive selection signs in these genes were detected across vertebrate lineages. In the selected test branches of our phylogeny, the synonymous rate variation revealed evidence (LRT,

p

value = 0.011 ≤ 0.05) of gene-wide episodic diversifying selection. As a result, there is evidence that diversifying selection occurred at least once on at least one test branch. These findings indicate that the activities of ROS-responsive systems are also theoretically flexible and may be altered by environmental selection pressure. By determining where the genes encoding these processes are “targeted” during evolution, we may better understand the mechanism of adaptation to oxidative stress during evolution.
Digital Twin Technology for Bridge Maintenance using 3D Laser Scanning: A Review
Authors: Hosamo Haidar Hosamo , Hosamo Mohsen Hosamo
Published: July 2022

There has been a significant surge in the interest in adopting cutting‐edge new technologies in the civil engineering industry in recent times that monitor the Internet of Things (IoT) data and control automation systems. By combining the real and digital worlds, digital technologies, such as Digital Twin, provide a high‐level depiction of bridges and their assets. The inspection, evaluation, and management of infrastructure have experienced profound changes in technological advancement over the last decade. Technologies like laser scanners have emerged as a viable replacement for labor‐intensive, costly, and dangerous traditional methods that risk health and safety. The new maintenance techniques have increased their use in the construction section, particularly regarding bridges. This review paper aims to present a comprehensive and state‐of‐the‐art review upon using laser scanners in bridge maintenance and engineering and looking deeper into the study field in focus and researchers’ suggestions in this field. Moreover, the review was conducted to gather, evaluate, and analyze the papers collected in the years from 2017 to 2022. The interaction of research networks, dominant subfields, the co‐occurrence of keywords, and countries were all examined. Four main categories were presented, namely machine learning, bridge management system (BMS), bridge information modeling (BrIM), and 3D modeling. The findings demonstrate that information standardization is the first significant obstacle to be addressed before the construction sector can benefit from the usage of Digital Twin. As a result, this article proposes a conceptual framework for building management using Digital Twins as a starting point for future research.
Application of Machine Learning and Information Coverage Centralized Genetic Method in Safety Management of Football Training
Authors: Zhang Chao , Tu Fang
Published: July 2022

In recent years, China’s competitive sports have developed rapidly. Among them, football is a sport with high energy consumption, high intensity, strong antagonism, and high speed. As a result, injuries are common in football practice. It is impossible to do adequate football training in order to avoid such incidents. At the moment, football injury incidents are common, severely limiting the full growth of the sport in China. This work investigates the safety management of football training using machine learning and an information coverage-centralized genetic technique. To begin, this article describes in detail the machine learning and information coverage-centralized genetic algorithm, summarizes the classification of machine learning models, and introduces the verification and evaluation process of machine learning models and trusted information coverage models as an important theoretical basis for football training safety management. Then, the genetic algorithm based on information coverage concentration is used in football training to analyze the safety risk of football training and the analysis of training speed type. The results show that the human factor accounts for the highest proportion in football training safety accidents, accounting for 28.75%. In the analysis of football training speed, the average passing time of medium strength accounts for the highest proportion of 39.75%. In football training, in order to ensure the safety of training, the combination of medium strength and high strength can be adopted to avoid training injury.
Study on the Relationship between Lung Cancer Stromal Cells and Air Cavity Diffusion Based on an Image Acquisition System
Authors: Bai Shan , Wang Zhi , Sun ZhiHong , Liu Zhuo
Published: July 2022

Objective. The study aimed to investigate the role of tumor stromal cells in the pathogenesis of STAS, the relationship between air diffusion (STAS) and tumor stromal cells (TSCs) was studied, and the prognostic significance of TSC and STAS in patients with lung adenocarcinoma was evaluated. Methods. A total of 150 patients with lung cancer diagnosed in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Province were selected. From the perspective of pathology, medical information technology was used to assist the diagnosis. The data of multiple magnetic resonance images were analyzed by three‐dimensional space convolution (CNN), fuzzy neural network (FNN), transfinite learning machine (ELM), and binarization. Result. After data fusion, the specificity and sensitivity of multiple magnetic resonance (MRI) data are significantly higher than those of single MRI data, and the more fusion times, the better the sensitivity and specificity. With the increase in the number of information and data fusion, the proportion of the significant effect and the comprehensive effective rate of patients are on the rise. Multiple MRI data fusion examination and analysis under medical information technology can improve the cure rate of patients, and the 1‐year survival rate and the 3‐year survival rate of patients have also gradually improved. Conclusion. The MRI data fusion diagnosis method under the application of information technology can improve the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis results and comprehensively improve the clinical cure rate and the survival rate at different times of prognosis. In the context of the current big data information age, this multifeature fusion analysis technology is playing a more and more important role in medical treatment. The application of this method and technology not only improves the quality of life of patients but also processes multiple types of data at one time only by using the proposed medical assistant diagnosis model, which can save the diagnosis time to a certain extent. It has effectively realized the medical management and medical service quality and has important promotion significance.
Mechanism of miR-760 Reversing Lung Cancer Immune Escape by Downregulating IDO1 and Eliminating Regulatory T Cells Based on Mathematical Biology
Authors: Ge Hong , Wang Lili , Chen Wenqiang , Wang Lei
Published: July 2022

In cancer biology, mathematical models have become indispensable. They are useful for gaining a mechanistic grasp of cancer’s dynamic processes. In cancer research, mathematical modelling approaches are becoming more common. The complexity of cancer is well suited to quantitative approaches as it provides challenges and opportunities for new developments (Altrock et al., 2015). Background. MicroRNA-760 (miR-760), as an early discovered tumor suppressor gene, is poorly expressed in lung cancer (LC). Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), as an important regulator of T cell function, is active in immune tolerance. We discovered that miR-760 has a targeted relationship with IDO1, but the regulatory mechanism between miR-760 and IDO1 is still unclear. Method. The miR-760 and IDO1 levels in NSCLC were tested via real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). Cell growth was tested by CCK8, and NSCLC cell migration and invasion were analyzed through Transwell analysis. The binding conditions and target gene of miR-451 in NSCLC cells were determined via double luciferase reporter gene. The CD8+ T and CD4+ T cell ratio in CD45+cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Results. qRT-PCR revealed that miR-760 was low-expressed and IDO2 was highly expressed in LC. miR-760 mimics suppressed cell growth, invasiveness, and migration. We also observed that miR-760 could downregulate the IDO1 protein level. Significantly, we revealed that miR-760 could inhibit CD8+ T cell apoptosis by controlling IDO1 enzyme function. Conclusion. Our findings show that miR-760 inhibits CD8+ T cell responses in LC through regulating IDO1, laying the groundwork for the development of novel vaccination therapies for the treatment of LC.