bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asynchronous virtual exchange and young English learners’ intercultural communicative competence
Authors: Reader Sarah
Published: September 2024

Virtual Exchange, by definition, connects groups of students in different countries for online intercultural
communication (Lewis & O’Dowd, 2016). This exploratory study presents and analyses
an asynchronous video exchange between sixth grade students in two countries with the goal of exploring which of Byram’s
objectives for intercultural communicative competence (2021) can be addressed with
young learners. The asynchronous video exchange project presented in this article was carried out between young English learners
in Germany and English L1 speakers in the United States. Transcripts and observation notes from project meetings in Germany and
transcripts of two videoconferences held with the two groups at the beginning and end of the exchange were analyzed qualitatively
using Byram’s objectives for intercultural communicative competence (2021) as deductive
codes in order to reveal which objectives were addressed during the exchange project. Eighteen of Byram’s 30 objectives were
addressed to some degree in the current project. Those objectives will be discussed and considerations for future exchanges will
be presented in view of these initial results.
Full-zone optical spin injection in AlxGa1−xAs alloys
Authors: Mudi Priyabrata , Khamari Shailesh K , Khan S , Zucchetti Carlo , Bottegoni Federico , Sharma T K
Published: September 2024

Full-zone optical spin injection in Al
x
Ga1−x
As alloys is investigated by analyzing the degree of circular polarization (DCP) of luminescence in a quantum well architecture. Aluminium content in AlGaAs barrier layers is varied to explore both the direct- and indirect-bandgap regimes. For all the samples, experimental data are compared with a 30-band
k

.p
model addressing the band structure of the alloy and the optical spin injection over the entire Brillouin zone. We observe circularly polarized luminescence arising from the spin generation either around Γ or the L valley. We interpret the specific shape of the DCP within a framework accounting for smaller electron spin relaxation at the higher k points of the X valley of the AlGaAs barrier layer. Moreover, it is found that the presence of strain plays a vital role in governing the magnitude and shape of the DCP spectra for near band-edge excitation while exciting spin-polarized carriers in the direct-bandgap AlGaAs. We believe that these findings are important for the realization of AlGaAs-based spin-photonic devices aiming at possible applications in quantum technology.
Penetrative fracture behavior of monolayer graphene oxide: nanoscale experiment and molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Kajihara Miki , Sakuma Shunsuke , Nakao Yusuke , Ichikawa Ryo , Yonezu Akio
Published: September 2024

Graphene, a two-dimensional material, is expected to be employed as a next-generation component for structural and functional applications because of its light weight and excellent mechanical properties. For applications requiring lightness and impact resistance, preventing penetrative damage upon particle impact is critical for applications in mechanical protection. However, graphene is known to have high defect sensitivity. Graphene oxide (GO) may be a better candidate, as functional groups (e.g. hydroxy and epoxy groups) bonded to the C–C network in GO result in better deformability, ductility, and durability compared to graphene. For mechanical applications, it is crucial to understand the fracture behavior, especially the penetrative fracture behavior, of GO membranes. This study characterizes the penetration behavior and fracture morphology of GO membranes subjected to particle impact. Nanoscale experiments were conducted using an atomic force microscope and laser-induced particle impact test for GO. These material testing methods employ nanoscale spheres to induce particle penetration, with the former experiment conducted under quasi-static loading and the latter under dynamic loading. Additionally, molecular dynamics simulations were performed to elucidate the fracture mechanisms of GO. Finally, cyclic fatigue experiments and simulations revealed that GO’s ductility provides resistance to catastrophic failure, indicating its durability. These comprehensive investigations provide valuable insights into the fracture properties of GO membranes under impact penetration.
Nitrogen fixation by atmospheric microwave plasma with local electric field enhancement
Authors: Wu Shaokun , Liao Yinhong , Feng Kai , Zheng Fang , Xiao Wei
Published: September 2024

Nitrogen fixation by atmospheric microwave plasma is a promising green technology. However, the energy consumption (EC) of nitrogen fixation driven by microwave plasma is still too high in existing reports, and there is a lack of effective methods to reduce it. In this paper, a method of local electric field enhancement (LEFE) in atmospheric microwave plasma is reported, which is achieved in an optimized metal array structure that can increase the electric field intensity by 385 times. The experimental results show that the reduction of EC reaches up to 20% and the nitrogen oxide production increases by up to 26% with the LEFE. The achieved EC is as low as 1.78 MJ mol−1 with a corresponding nitrogen oxide production of 3.53%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the role of LEFE on nitrogen fixation, and the EC in this study is the lowest among the existing studies of nitrogen fixation by atmospheric pressure microwave air plasma.
Deciphering competing interactions of Kitaev–Heisenberg-Γ system in clusters: I. Static properties
Authors: Pervez Sheikh Moonsun , Mandal Saptarshi
Published: September 2024

Recently, the Kitaev–Heisenberg-Γ system has been used to explore various aspects of Kitaev spin liquid physics. Here, we consider a few small clusters of up to twelve sites and study them in detail to unravel many interesting findings due to the competition between all possible signs and various magnitudes of these interactions under the influence of an external magnetic field. When Heisenberg interaction is taken anti-ferromagnetic, one obtains plateaus in correlation functions where, surprisingly, the exact groundstate reduces to the eigenstate of Heisenberg interaction as well. On the other hand, for ferromagnetic Heisenberg interaction, its competition with Kitaev interaction results in non-monotonicity in the correlation functions. We discuss, in detail, the competing effects on low energy spectrum, flux operator, magnetization, susceptibility, and specific heat. Finally, we discuss how our findings could be helpful to explain some of the recent experimental and theoretical findings in materials with Kitaev interactions.
Impact of Gd doping on structural and magnetic characteristics of SrFeO3 perovskite nanomaterial
Authors: Sindhu T , Ravichandran A T , Xavier A Robert , Sofiya K , Kumaresavanji M
Published: September 2024

The SrFeO3 nanoparticles doped with 5% and 10% Gd were synthesized using the solution combustion method. The phase formation of the synthesized nanoparticles was confirmed by powder x-ray diffraction analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscope and HRTEM were employed to examine the morphology of the samples, revealing well-ordered, agglomerated nanoparticles. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis was conducted on all samples, confirming the presence of the desired elements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of mixed oxidation states of Fe3+ and Fe4+. Magnetization studies, performed using a SQUID magnetometer, showed ferromagnetic behaviour in all samples, with a significant increase in magnetic moment observed with higher Gd doping. The enhanced magnetic moments and reduced coercivity in Gd-doped SrFeO3 suggest that these materials could be suitable for spintronic applications.
Coherent fading suppression of distributed acoustic sensing based on time–frequency domain linkage algorithm
Authors: Qu Shuai , Wang Meikun , Ding Sihan , Shang Ying , Liu Guangqiang , Mou Fengming , Zhao Hong , Ni Jiasheng
Published: September 2024

Due to the inherent characteristic of coherent fading phenomenon, the performance of distributed acoustic sensing system will be severely degraded, producing anomalous information and positioning errors. In order to suppress the influence of this phenomenon, the data array of demodulated results is obtained after processing the collected distributed Rayleigh scattering signals along the sensing fiber, which can be utilized to construct a two-dimension (2D) image with the time–distance domain information. Thus, this allows us to remove the abnormal information that are introduced by fading noise. Based on this principle, a morphology compositional analysis (MCA) scheme, an effective time–frequency domain linkage algorithm, is applied to the constructed 2D images to enhance the sensing accuracy. Compared with traditional methods including the 2D mean value filter (MVF) and 2D wavelet transform (WT), the proposed method makes full use of the independence of image source property and abnormity feature so that the abnormal information caused by the coherent fading can be eliminated without deteriorating the source information along the sensing fiber. Experimental results show that the anomaly rate of the time–distance domain information along the sensing fiber for the proposed method, the MVF method and the WT method can be reduced by 92.43%, 65.05% and 70.18% respectively. In addition, the isolation degree of the MCA, MVF and WT methods are 41, 16.02 and 23.35 times higher than that treated by traditional method, respectively. Also, the stability of the time-domain vibration can be improved and the spatial resolution would not be influenced by the proposed method compared with the traditional method. This scheme will promote the development of distributed acoustic sensor system with high-accuracy and high-quality without any hardware modification.
Dynamic phase measurement based on two-step phase-shifting interferometry with geometric phase grating
Authors: Du Yijun , Li Junxiang , Fan Chen , Zhao Zixin , Zhao Hong
Published: September 2024

This paper proposes a novel dynamic 2-step phase-shifting interferometry method with a geometric phase grating and direct aberration-free object phase recovery algorithm. By exploring the amplitude-phase modulation property of the geometric phase grating, two-step phase-shifting interferograms with

π

/

2

phase shift can be obtained in a single shot through two kinds of spatial-multiplexing arrangements. Then the restriction on the background uniformity of the 2-step phase-shifting algorithms and the system aberration can be avoided simultaneously, based on the presented direct and fast object phase demodulation strategy with an object-free state recorded in advance, so an accurate object measurement result can be guaranteed. Accordingly, a detailed analysis of the theoretical model of error sources is conducted by taking the depolarization error of geometric phase grating and phase measurement model error into consideration, with a Least Squares Iteration optimization strategy established to further improve the measurement accuracy. Experiments on various types of phase objects, such as a photo-etched quartz substrate, the spatial light modulator, and a silicon chip, validate the effectiveness and accuracy of our method when compared with the reference phase obtained from 4-step temporal phase-shifting method. The dynamic phase measurement capability is demonstrated by exhibiting the evaporation process of alcohol droplet.
Energy bubble entropy guided symplectic geometry mode decomposition for rotating machinery incipient fault feature extraction
Authors: Jiang Wenxin , Jiang Hongkai , Yao Renhe , Mu Mingzhe , Dong Yutong
Published: September 2024

Extracting incipient fault features is a critical aspect of monitoring the rotating machinery operation condition. However, existing methods based on symplectic geometry mode decomposition (SGMD) suffer from limited parameter adaptability and noise robustness. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy bubble entropy (EbEn) guided SGMD method to extract incipient fault feature. Firstly, the SGMD method is employed to initially separate fault characteristic components from noisy signal. Furthermore, the EbEn is constructed to evaluate the attributes of incipient feature within the signal, which requires almost no parameter setting with good robustness and computational efficiency. Thirdly, the empirical bayes shrinkage method effectively mitigates irrelevant noise and enhances the significance of incipient fault feature. Simulated and experimental signals are employed to substantiate the efficacy of the EbEn guided SGMD method. The comparison analysis with relevant methods exhibits that this method has greater robustness and adaptivity.
Solar photovoltaic module defect detection based on deep learning
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Zhang Xu , Tu Dawei
Published: September 2024

Defect detection for photovoltaic (PV) modules is crucial in their production process, but the dataset quality and complex defects limit the accuracy and speed of the detection. In this paper, a solar PV module defect detection method was investigated using electroluminescence (EL) images. To reduce useless information in the EL images, a PV module segmentation method was proposed to segment PV cells from PV modules. Next, aiming at the insufficient sample size and the imbalance between classes in the dataset, a hybrid data augmentation method was proposed. Then, we proposed an improved YOLOv8n model for PV cell defects with different shapes and small sizes. Experiments showed that the proposed model has good comprehensive performance compared with other SOTA models, with mAP50 reaching 0.943 at only 7.6 G Flops. In addition, the proposed method can complete the defect detection of a PV module EL image containing 144 PV cells within 3 s. Overall, the proposed method meets the requirements of accuracy and real-time detection, providing a feasible solution for defect detection in PV modules.
The influence of electrical/thermal fields on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti2AlNb alloy from the view of molecular dynamics
Authors: Cao Xudong , Liu Haijian , Liu Qing , Yang Yong , Li Xifeng
Published: September 2024

The mechanism of the electrical non-thermal effects on metals is still unclear. Simulations at the atomic level are used to obtain some causes of non-thermal electroplasticity. Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the change of defects including vacancies, edge dislocations and screw dislocations in B2, α
2 and O phases of Ti2AlNb alloy in static or dynamic situations under pure thermal field and continuous/pulsed electric fields. External energy fields can restore most of these defects. Moreover, different energy input methods have the same restoration effect on defects in the same phase. Thus, the restoration of defects in Ti2AlNb alloy by an electric field is mainly based on the thermal effect. However, the uneven distribution of electro-induced atomic kinetic energy in uniaxial tension simultaneously reduces its deformation resistance. Non-thermal effects in the electrically-assisted processing of industrial-grade materials consist of the instantaneous atomic kinetic distribution imbalance induced by electrical pulses.
Relative biological effectiveness of clinically relevant photon energies for the survival of human colorectal, cervical, and prostate cancer cell lines
Authors: Li Joanna , Chabaytah Naim , Babik Joud , Behmand Behnaz , Bekerat Hamed , Connell Tanner , Evans Michael , Ruo Russell , Vuong Te , Abbasinejad Enger Shirin
Published: September 2024

Objective. Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) differs between radiation qualities. However, an RBE of 1.0 has been established for photons regardless of the wide range of photon energies used clinically, the lack of reproducibility in radiobiological studies, and outdated reference energies used in the experimental literature. Moreover, due to intrinsic radiosensitivity, different cancer types have different responses to radiation. This study aimed to characterize the RBE of clinically relevant high and low photon energies in vitro for three human cancer cell lines: HCT116 (colon), HeLa (cervix), and PC3 (prostate). Approach. Experiments were conducted following dosimetry protocols provided by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Cells were irradiated with 6 MV x-rays, an 192Ir brachytherapy source, 225 kVp and 50 kVp x-rays. Cell survival post-irradiation was assessed using the clonogenic assay. Survival fractions were fitted using the linear quadratic model, and survival curves were generated for RBE calculations. Main results. Cell killing was more efficient with decreasing photon energy. Using 225 kVp x-rays as the reference, the HCT116 RBESF0.1 for 6 MV x-rays, 192Ir, and 50 kVp x-rays were 0.89 ± 0.03, 0.95 ± 0.03, and 1.24 ± 0.04; the HeLa RBESF0.1 were 0.95 ± 0.04, 0.97 ± 0.05, and 1.09 ± 0.03, and the PC3 RBESF0.1 were 0.84 ± 0.01, 0.84 ± 0.01, and 1.13 ± 0.02, respectively. HeLa and PC3 cells had varying radiosensitivity when irradiated with 225 and 50 kVp x-rays. Significance. This difference supports the notion that RBE may not be 1.0 for all photons through experimental investigations that employed precise dosimetry. It highlights that different cancer types may not have identical responses to the same irradiation quality. Additionally, the RBE of clinically relevant photons was updated to the reference energy of 225 kVp x-rays.
Helical resonant magnetic perturbation coils for controlling edge localized modes: a robustness study
Authors: Yang Xu , Liu Yueqiang , Yuan Jiao , Li Li , He Yuling , Xia Guoliang , Dong Guanqi , Zhou Lina
Published: September 2024

Plasma response to helical resonant magnetic perturbation coil current is numerically computed for tokamak plasmas, with optimization results compared with that for conventional window-frame coils. The key aspect of study is the robustness of the proposed new concept against variation of plasma equilibrium parameters including (i) the plasma resistivity, (ii) the toroidal rotation and (iii) the plasma shaping (both elongation and triangularity). Toroidal modeling results yield several important conclusions. First, assuming the same coil current, the optimal helical coils robustly outperform the optimal window-frame coils against variation of the aforementioned plasma equilibrium parameters. Secondly, for a chosen toroidal spectrum, the optimal helical coil geometry including the poloidal location, poloidal coverage and the overall shape, is robust against variation of plasma parameters except the safety factor. Finally, in all cases, optimization based on the plasma response naturally yields a single row of helical coils located near the outboard mid-plane of the torus, ensuring a relatively simple design of the coil geometry.
Investigation on growth rate and quality of diamond materials in MPCVD system
Authors: Shang Hong , Jiang Yanfeng
Published: September 2024

In the paper, experiments of diamond growth with varied parameters are conducted in the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. The growth mechanism of the diamond is analysed based on the phase diagram. The results show that the growth rate and the crystalline quality of the diamond are influenced by the gas phase and chamber pressure. The oxygen can help to improve the crystalline quality of the diamond, while to decrease the growth rate. The methane concentration and the chamber pressure are also key parameters to influence the quality and the growth rate of the diamond. The nitrogen concentration can contribute to the growth of the diamond, and the thermal conductivity is influenced at the same time. The grown diamond substrate can be used as thermal conductor in power devices with promising thermal conductivity.
Insights into transferal to fractal space modeling: delayed forced Helmholtz–Duffing oscillator with the non-perturbative approach
Authors: El-Dib Yusry O
Published: September 2024

The damped Helmholtz–Duffing oscillator is a topic of great interest in many different fields of study due to its complex dynamics. By transitioning from conventional continuous differential equations to their fractal counterparts, one gains insights into the system’s response under new mathematical frameworks. This paper presents a novel method for converting standard continuous differential equations into their fractal equivalents. This conversion occurs after the nonlinear system is transformed into its linear equivalent. Numerical analyses show that there are several resonance sites in the fractal system, which differ from the one resonance point found in the continuous system. One important finding is that the fractal system loses some of its stabilizing power when decaying behavior is transformed into a diffuse pattern. Interestingly, a decrease in the fractal order in resonance settings shows a stabilizing impact, highlighting the dynamics’ complexity inside fractal systems. This endeavor to convert to fractals is a revolutionary technique that is being employed for the first time.
Residual symmetry and interactions between solitons and periodic waves of the Drinfeld–Sokolov–Satsuma–Hirota system
Authors: Li Jie-tong , Yu Jun , Liu Xi-zhong
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the Drinfeld–Sokolov–Satsuma–Hirota (DSSH) system is studied by using residual symmetry and the consistent Riccati expansion (CRE) method, respectively. The residual symmetry of the DSSH system is localized to Lie point symmetry in a properly prolonged system, based on which we get a new Bäcklund transformation for this system. New symmetry reduction solutions of the DSSH system are obtained by applying the classical Lie group approach on the prolonged system. Moreover, the DSSH system proves to be CRE integrable and new interesting interaction solutions between solitons and periodic waves are generated and analyzed.
The onset of parametric decay of lower hybrid waves during lower hybrid current drive experiments on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
Authors: Li Gen , Zhou Taotao , Li Miaohui , Ding Bojiang , Gan Chunyun , Yan Ning , Xiang Nong
Published: September 2024

An ad hoc calculation is presented to interpret the growth of sideband waves during lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) experiments on Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). We adopt the solution of the non-linear dispersion relation for parametric instabilities to describe the growth rate of ion cyclotron quasi-modes (ICQMs) in the peripheral plasma, and use the WKB solution of the propagation of electrostatic waves in two dimensions to model the variation of the electric field in the scrape-off-layer (SOL). We then calculate the growth rates and amplification factors of the sideband waves associated with ICQM in the parallel and perpendicular coupling limits. The onset and substantial growth of the first down-shifted sideband of lower hybrid waves (LHWs) are associated with elevation of the plasma density in the outer SOL where the growth rate of ICQM in the parallel coupling limit increases sharply after the density is elevated. The peak frequencies associated with the first harmonic of ICQM obtained from calculating the amplification factors in the parallel coupling limit (

A

para

) agree very well with the observed frequencies of the first down-shifted sideband of 2.45 GHz LHWs in EAST pulse 43 772 and 86 521. The consistency between the calculation and the observation indicates that the sideband waves are associated with parametric decay instability of ICQM excited in the outer SOL through parallel coupling. The amplitude of

A

para

obtained from a single pass of LHWs through the SOL of EAST is, however, one order of magnitude smaller than unity, meaning that it remains elusive whether the substantial growth of sideband waves mainly occurs in front of the antenna or requires multiple passes of LHWs across the SOL region.
Effects of Mutual Coupling for Bistatic Airborne Radar with End-fire Array in Clutter Environment
Authors: Jiang Longwei , Chen Yufeng , Lin Yi , Yue Yaxing , Liao Guisheng
Published: September 2024

The end-fire array is widely used in airborne radar systems for its specific physical configuration. However, mutual coupling is usually inevitable in the close-spaced end-fire array, which brings a great challenge for target detection in a clutter environment. In this paper, we investigate the effect of mutual coupling for the bistatic airborne radar with the end-fire array. Firstly, the signal model of the bistatic airborne radar with the end-fire array is presented. Then, the beam pattern and clutter model with mutual coupling are constructed. Furthermore, we analyze the clutter spectra with mutual coupling for different terrain types of the glistening zone. Finally, the simulation results validate the negative impact of the mutual coupling on target detection in clutter environment.
Design of Nested Linear/Lattice Code using Field-size Reduction
Authors: Qiu Xinzhe , Yang Tao
Published: September 2024

It has been demonstrated that lattice-code based communication strategies are beneficial to multi-user multi-hop networks. This paper considers a practical nested linear/lattice code design that achieves near-capacity performance. We propose a new field-size reduction method to realize code nesting for users with different rates. Then, a multi-code extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart is executed to design optimized degree distributions. Simulation results demonstrate enhanced BER performance compared to the existing method, and the nested code is less than 0.8 dB to capacity limits. The performance improvement in multi-user systems is demonstrated with linear physical-layer network coding multiple access (LPNC-MA) framework.
Research and Implementation of Aurora Protocol NFC System
Authors: Wang Lei , Liang Guan Yan , Jun Li Yan , Dong Xu Guo , Ping Li Jin
Published: September 2024

Aurora protocol is a high-speed serial communication protocol with characteristics such as high speed, low latency, open source and free. It is widely used in application fields that require a large amount of data transmission. However, Aurora communication systems also has the problem of data loss, making flow control a challenge; This paper analyzes the problem of data loss, finds out the root cause, and designs an NFC(Native Flow Control) system for the Aurora protocol. The system uses AXI4-Stream bus for communication and solves the problem by controlling the Aurora module to send NFC PAUSE code at the sending end. At the same time, by setting a reasonable upper limit value in the flow control program, the problem of data loss caused by NFC Latency is solved, and effective flow control is achieved.
Traffic Speed Prediction Based on Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Attention Graph Convolutional Network
Authors: Wang Chenxu , Ren Qianqian
Published: September 2024

The prediction of traffic speed represents a crucial branch within the broader field of traffic forecasting. Its objective is to forecast the average speed or speed distribution on road segments or within a network for a designated future time period . The prediction results can provide scientific decision support for traffic management departments to effectively control and guide traffic flow. However, given the limitations of urban road network topology and its dynamic temporal shifts, traffic prediction has consistently been deemed a perpetual scientific challenge. To simultaneously encapsulate both spatial and temporal dependencies, we introduce an innovative Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Attention Network (DSTANet). This model integrates spatio-temporal attention with graph convolutional networks and temporal convolution to enhance its analytical capabilities. Specifically, the graph convolutional network is leveraged to learn the intricate topology for capturing spatial relations, while temporal convolution is employed to ascertain the dynamic fluctuations of traffic data, thereby acquiring temporal dependencies. Subsequently, we implement our model to forecast traffic patterns within the framework of road networks. Experimental results demonstrate that our model effectively captures the spatio-temporal dependencies among roadway junctions derived from traffic data, outperforming state-of-the-art benchmarks on real-world traffic datasets in terms of predictive accuracy.
Application of Rotor UAV LiDAR in Marine Beach Mapping
Authors: Li Tong , Wang Fengjiao , Ding Shijun
Published: September 2024

This paper based on the Jiangsu Provincial Offshore Underwater Geographic Information Data Acquisition Pilot (North) project, uses the Dajiang M600 Pro six rotor UAV equipped with the Haida Digital Cloud ARS-200 airborne LiDAR equipment to acquire topographic data of the marine mudflats, and then Terrasolid software is used to process the data to obtain the point cloud results and DEM results of the marine mudflats, and finally, GPS-RTK is used to collect the check points of the surveyed area to check the accuracy of the results. The results show that the precision of point cloud results is better than ± 10cm, which verifies the feasibility of rotary-wing UAV LiDAR technology applied to marine beach mapping, and provides a new technical scheme for marine beach mapping.
Design of an infrared/visible endoscope system for HL-3 divertor observation
Authors: He Z. , Liu L. , Gao J. , Hao G. , Ma H.
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the design and test results of an
infrared/visible endoscope system for diagnosing divertor in HL-3
tokamak. The system is designed to view the plasmas tangentially
with multi-imaging systems including two infrared imaging systems
and three visible imaging systems. Several filters based visible
imaging measurements are thus available simultaneously for divertor
physics investigation. The performance of the optical design is
explored, and the manufacture of the system and the test results are
presented. The characteristics of the advanced divertor
configurations, such as multi-strike points and two X-points, are
observed clearly with the endoscope system.
ISM band CPW-fed antenna for detection of skin cancer
Authors: Jagadish Chandra Prasad Devu , Venkata Ravi Kiran Kalepalli , Syamala Neeli , Kiran Kumar Bandi , Jagadeesh Babu Kamili , Shyam Prasad D.
Published: September 2024

A CPW-fed antenna sensor with high quality factor is
designed to identify the skin cancer. The proposed antenna operates
in the ISM band at 2.47 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna aims to
exploit the variations in dielectric constants of skin, fat, and
muscle tissues to enable non-invasive and early detection of skin
cancer. The antenna design process involves considerations for
achieving a high frequency shift and quality factor to discern
subtle variations in dielectric properties. Electromagnetic
simulations, utilizing advanced numerical techniques are employed to
analyze the antenna's performance in different tissue
environments. The proposed antenna design is optimized for enhancing
its sensitivity to changes in the dielectric constants associated
with healthy and cancerous skin tissues. To validate the antenna's
effectiveness, experimental setups using tissue-mimicking phantoms
are utilized. This research not only emphasizes the technical
aspects of antenna design but also underscores the potential
clinical applications for non-invasive skin cancer detection.
Combined effect of total ionizing dose and electromagnetic pulse on MOSFET devices
Authors: Wu W.B. , Zhou H.J. , Zhang H.T. , Liu Y. , Liu Q. , Xu F.K. , Zhao Z.G.
Published: September 2024

Theoretical and experimental research on the combined effect
of total ionizing dose (TID) and electromagnetic pulses (EMP) is
helpful to develop hardening techniques for semiconductor devices.
In this work, a numeric model for the comprehension of the combined
effect of TID and EMP on MOSFET devices is developed with the
semiconductor device simulation software TCAD. Simulation results
show that the NMOS and PMOS devices will exhibit more severe leakage
current increase and sub-threshold characteristics degradation in
the combined environment. In addition, the potential influence of
doping concentration and gate length on the performance of the
MOSFET in the combined environment is discussed.
An off-energy multipole kicker injection scheme designed with an acceptance analysis method for a diffraction-limited storage ring
Authors: Wang Peining , Yang Penghui , Liu Gangwen , Bai Zhenghe , Wang Lin , Li Weimin
Published: September 2024

Diffraction-limited storage rings (DLSRs) have restricted
dynamic apertures (DAs) due to their ultralow emittances and very
strong nonlinearity. Off-energy multipole kicker injection (MKI)
scheme, in which off-energy beam is injected onto the corresponding
off-energy orbit, can reduce the requirement of DAs. However, it
requires relatively large energy acceptance and high dispersion
bumps. For a DLSR lattice with relatively large energy acceptance
and off-momentum DAs, off-energy beam can be injected into the
off-momentum DA but with an additional offset from the off-energy
closed orbit to increase the total offset of the injected beam from
the on-energy closed orbit, which is favorable to the application of
the off-energy MKI. In this paper, such an off-energy MKI is
designed for a DLSR, and an acceptance analysis method based on 6D
particle tracking is utilized to design and optimize this injection
scheme. Detailed simulation is carried out, and the results
demonstrate the feasibility of this injection scheme.
Global assessment of interannual variability in coastal urban areas and ecosystems
Authors: Odériz I , Losada I J , Silva R , Mori N
Published: September 2024

Both seasonal and extreme climate conditions are influenced by long-term natural internal variability. However, in general, long-term hazard variation has not been incorporated into coastal risk assessments. There are coastal regions of high interest, such as urban areas, where a large number of people are exposed to hydrometeorological hazards, and ecosystems, which provide protection, where long-term natural variability should be considered a design factor. In this study, we systematized climate analysis to identify high-interest regions where hazard long-term variability should be considered in risk assessment, disaster reduction, and future climate change adaptation and protection designs. To achieve this goal, we examined the effect of the leading modes of climate variability (Arctic Oscillation, Southern Annular Mode, and El Niño–Southern Oscillation) on the variation in the recurrence of extreme coastal hazard events, including as a first step sea surface temperature, winds, and waves. Neglecting long-term variability could potentially lead to the underperformance of solutions, or even irreversible damage that compromises the conditions of ecosystems for which nature-based solutions are designed.
Social inequalities shape climate change adaptation among Indian farmers
Authors: Vallury Sechindra , Cook Nathan J , Nelson Donald R
Published: September 2024

Agricultural technologies are vital for farmers adapting to climate change. However, while efforts have focused on improving access and initial adoption, little attention has been given to social disparities in rates of adoption and the benefits derived from these technologies. Our study investigates the adoption of groundwater irrigation technology in India, a transformative innovation that has historically enhanced productivity and food security, and helped agricultural households adapt to a changing climate. We use a nationwide household survey sample that spans nearly a decade, capturing a key period of groundwater expansion in India. Our analysis reveals that members of highly marginalized social groups are less likely to adopt groundwater irrigation technologies, and less likely to sustain their use of the technologies for long periods of time. Furthermore, the household-level benefits of the technologies–operationalized through the relationship between technology adoption and income–appear lower for households belonging to historically marginalized groups compared to the historically advantaged. Our study underscores the importance of addressing social inequalities in both adoption as well as the sustained utilization of agricultural technologies and other climate adaptation tools. Disparities in the utilization of these technologies can hinder farmers’ ability to access new innovations and adapt to increasing threats from climate change. Targeted policies and interventions are essential to not only provide historically marginalized groups access to technological innovations, but also facilitate their effective utilization.
Sedimentation analysis in the shipping lanes of Tanjung Rhu Port, Belitung
Authors: Sujantoko  , Mustain M , Ekianto B P P
Published: September 2024

Ports are a vital infrastructure needed to optimize the transportation and utilization of marine resources. As an essential means, shipping lanes must be in good condition so that the sea transportation process runs smoothly. This paper analyzes the sedimentation conditions in the shipping lane at the Tanjung Rhu port in Belitung. The investigation used a numerical model with Delft3D to predict shipping channel sedimentation over 10 years. Based on the simulation results, sedimentation occurred at the mouth of the shipping channel because the current speed was low in that area. This fact is due to conditions in the field, namely that it is difficult for ships to enter this route. Negligence can cause a ship to run aground, especially when seawater conditions are low.
Numerical model of changes in current patterns due to reclamation around the Mireng River estuary, Gresik
Authors: Sujantoko  , Mustain M , Narendra G M A
Published: September 2024

The Mireng River is in Gresik Regency and empties into the Madura Strait. Around the mouth of the Mireng River, two industrial areas require construction facilities through reclamation. The consequences of reclamation will cause phenomena due to the interaction of marine and environmental dynamics, which can change current patterns, wave heights, and sedimentation processes, affecting the surrounding environment. This study explicitly discusses the changes in flow patterns that occur due to reclamation. The investigation was performed using numerical model simulations with Delft 3D software. The model results show the movement pattern and current speed during the highest and lowest low tides. There was a change in the average flow speed to 0.18 m/s around the reclamation area due to flow obstruction due to reclamation. This condition has the potential for sedimentation to occur in the area. Therefore, mitigation efforts are needed to reduce this impact.
Gonad development of female tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to acid red 88 textile dye
Authors: Triastuti R J , Amelia K
Published: September 2024

Textile dyes are artificial dyes that are widely used by the textile industry because they have many types of colors and are cheap. The azo dye used can be an aromatic compound that has stable properties, so if it is in water, it can be more toxic than the azo dye itself. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to acid red 88 dye and a minimum dose of acid red 88 dye on the level of gonad maturity and gonadosomal index (GSI) of parent tilapia fish. This research was an experimental study; tilapia fish were kept for 7 days with 5 treatments and 4 repetitions. Data collection was carried out by looking at the TKG of tilapia fish in morphology and histology, and then the GSI of tilapia fish was analyzed using the ANOVA test. The results of this research show that acid red 88 is said to be an endocrine-disrupting chemical and produces excess reproductive hormones, which can affect fish health. Then there was damage to the histology of the TKG of the tilapia. The conclusion of this research is that exposure and dose of acid red 88 dye have an influence on the morphology and histology of TKG and the GSI value of tilapia.
The effect of storage temperature on the quality of natural flavor paste products from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) by-product
Authors: Shabrina F , Pujiastuti D Y , Saputra E
Published: September 2024

Diversification of by-products from the shrimp industry into paste-shaped flavorings is expected to increase the economic value of the waste. Pasta is a semi dry product that is suitable for use as a flavoring product. The purpose of this study was to determine the sensory, microbiological, and proximate content as well as the influence of the difference in storage temperature of natural flavor paste products from the by-products of white shrimp processing. This study used the Complete Randomized Design trial design method with three treatments and three repeats. The treatment provided is storage at chilling temperature (5-10°C), room temperature (20-25°C), and incubation temperature (30-35°C). The main parameters in this study consist of testing TPC (Total Plate Count) and hedonic values (including appearance, aroma, texture, and taste), while the supporting parameters are proximate testing (protein, fat, and water). The data analysis used was a 2-factor fingerprint test (ANOVA) and to find out the best treatment was done with Tukey’s follow-up test. Based on the results of the study showed that different storage temperature treatments gave a noticeable difference (p < 0.05) in TPC, hedonic and proximate values. Chilling storage temperature treatment of 5-10°C (P1) is the best temperature treatment in maintaining the quality of flavor paste products.
New records of the Non-native Amazon sailfin catfish Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1985) in Bangka Island Indonesia
Authors: Ramadhanu D , Tamam M B , Valen F S , Hasan V
Published: September 2024

The freshwater species known as Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1985), commonly referred to as the Sailfin catfish, is native to temperate and tropical regions of South America, with a particular prevalence in the Amazon. Due to insufficient regulation of the pet fish industry, certain species from this family have been inadvertently or deliberately introduced to various places worldwide. In Indonesia, the occurrence of the sailfin catfish has been recorded in the natural freshwater habitats of Java and Sumatra. The introduction of non-indigenous fish species into natural aquatic environments has had adverse effects on biodiversity due to factors such as competition for resources, modification of habitats, and transfer of diseases so the presence of the P. pardalis is a danger alert. This study presents the first evidence of the presence of the sailfin catfish P. pardalis on Bangka Island, located in the western region of Indonesia. During the field trip conducted in August 2023, a total of twenty specimens were obtained from the Rangkui River, Pangkal Pinang.
Molecular identification of Nemacheilus sp. from Bangka Island, Indonesia Based on the Cytochrome C oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene
Authors: Valen F S , Hafidz A M , Islamy R A , Faqih A R , Widodo M S , Hasan V
Published: September 2024

Nemacheilus is a genus of stone loaches native to Asia. There are 13 species of the genus Nemacheilus that can be found in western Indonesia, from 44 species that exist in Asia. During our expedition to Bangka Island, which took place between the 20th and the 25th of January 2023, we discovered 15 live specimens of Nemacheilus sp. These specimens were collected using a fish trap in the Bencah River, Bangka Island, Indonesia. We identified Nemacheilus sp based molecular analysis by using the DNA Barcoding method based on the Cytochrome C oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene. DNA barcoding is a solution to provide accurate, fast, and automatable identification of species and species discovery. Based aon the COI gene, Nemacheilus sp. Nemacheilus from Bangka Island is genetically closest to Nemacheilus pfeifferae, which is found in Sumatra. Sumatra and Bangka Island have a history of river connection before the maximum glacial phase II. However, based on the similarity of DNA base pairs, these two species are only 90% similar. This indicates that the genetic difference between these two species is 10%, which is far below the threshold for what is considered to be an identical species, which is under 3%. Therefore, we hypothesize that the Nemacheilus that was found on the island of Bangka is not the species known as Nemacheilus pfeifferae, but rather another species. Since the data for this other species are not yet available in Genbank, we are referring to it as Nemacheilus sp. Bangka for the time being.
The effect of plastic packaging type on the quality of natural flavor products from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) by-product
Authors: Hafizhah F R , Pujiastuti D Y , Saputra E
Published: September 2024

Flavor shrimp paste product is a type of shrimp by-product flavoring as a way to increase the economic value of shrimp by-products. The food industry requires development in determining the type of product packaging. This study aims to determine the effect of different types of plastic packaging on product quality flavor shrimp paste. The treatment used is the type of product plastic packaging flavor High-Density Polyethylene (P1), Polyethylene Terephthalate (P2), and Polypropylene (P3) shrimp paste which were stored for 6 days. The main parameters in this study consisted of the total plate count (TPC) test and the hedonic test (appearance, taste, aroma, and texture), while the supporting parameters in this study were the proximate test (protein content, fat content, and water content). Based on the research showed that flavor shrimp paste product with different types of packaging gave a significant difference (p<0.05) to the TPC test, hedonic test, and proximate test flavor shrimp products. Treatment of HDPE plastic packaging is the best type of plastic packaging for quality flavor shrimp paste product.
Lead (Pb) and phenol content in Tukad Badung estuary and histopathological observation of mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) gills as an early warning of endocrine disrupting chemicals toxicity
Authors: Sari A H W , Perwira I Y
Published: September 2024

Tukad Badung is the largest river that crosses Denpasar City which is in a densely populated area with a variety of human activities including household to industrial activities. This allows the presence of various anthropogenic wastes in these waters, Lead (Pb) and phenol which have high toxicity and are also included in Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs). Information regarding the content Pb and phenol in the water of Tukad Badung estuary is urgently needed as an effort to protect aquatic ecosystems and avoid adverse impacts on human health. The results of measuring the content of Pb and phenol in water samples at three location points showed results Pb was detected higher at point III 0,0101mg/L that showed results above the threshold set by KepMen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Meanwhile the results of measurements of phenol content on water in Tukad Badung estuary was found that content at point II was detected 1,845 mg/L and point III was detected 1,913 mg/L which all of these values were still below the threshold set by KepMen Negara LH No. 51 Tahun 2004. Based on histopathological observations of the gills of mullet fish (Mugil cephalus) caught in Tukad Badung estuary, including edema, haemorrhage, telangeactasis, lamella fusion, hyperplasia, lamella adhesion, epithelial lifting and necrosis