bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short Communication: Optimazing culture and differentiation L6 cell, C2C12 cell and primary myoblast cells culture
Authors: LESMANA RONNY , GOENAWAN HANNA , TARAWAN VITA MURNIATI , SETIAWAN IWAN , HIDAYAT ACE , SUPRATMAN UNANG
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Lesmana R, Goenawan H, Tarawan VM, Setiawan I, Hidayat A, Supratman U. 2018. Short Communication: Optimizing culture and differentiation of L6 cell, C2C12 cell, and primary myoblast cells culture. Cell Biol Dev 2: 51-54. Alteration in skeletal muscle function and structure could result from many chronic diseases, drug treatment, or physical activity. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of skeletal muscle diseases or the adaptation process will be very important and beneficial. In most cases, for example, during aging, the imbalance between anabolic and catabolic processes could initiate a decreased muscle mass and change its fiber structure. Unfortunately, there is no suitable animal model for study, and animal model development is time-consuming at some point. Next, it is good to study and elaborate a model on disease mechanisms, drug targets, and hormonal effects in skeletal muscle, which is not easy and tricky. Finally, the promising methods to study molecular biology properties of muscle are using in vitro systems utilizing 2 cell lines derived from mouse (C2C12 myoblast cells) and rat (L6 myoblast. Another establishment technique is using mixed and isolated single fiber primary myocytes culture.
Physiological and phytochemical characters of Eleutherine palmifolia affected by treatment of variation in light intensity and water capacity
Authors: FIRDAUS NAUFAL MUHAMMAD , MUDYANTINI WIDYA , SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Firdaus NM, Mudyantini W, Sugiarto. 2020. Physiological and phytochemical characters of Eleutherine palmifolia affected by treatment of variation in light intensity and water capacity. Cell Biol Dev 4: 26-39. Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr.) is one of the tubers widely cultivated in Kalimantan with phytopharmacological potential, but its usage in traditional medicine is still limited. This study aims to ascertain the physiological and phytochemical characteristics of E. palmifolia following treatment with varying amounts of water and light intensity. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with two components: the treatment of light intensity 50% and 100% and water availability at 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations, to create six treatment combinations. Flowering pace, leaf number, breadth, length, and blossom number were measured once every three days for one month. Wet weight, dry weight, stomata index, chlorophyll, carotene, vitamin C, flavonoids, and shoot ratio were assessed at harvest. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variant). If there was a significant difference, a further test was carried out with the Duncan Multiple Range Test with a test level of 5%. The treatment effect on water availability of 75% and light intensity of 50% (K75I50) was significantly different and gave the highest value on leaf width of 0.28 cm, stomata index of 36.84 cm, carotenoid content of 39.70 g/ mL in E. palmifolia. The given treatments were not significantly different in the number of leaves, leaf length, the number of flowers, wet weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, vitamin C, flavonoids, and shoot ratio of Dayak roots. Water availability and 100% light intensity (K100I100) are the optimal treatments to accelerate the flowering of Dayak onion plants with a yield of 26.00 days.
Factors influencing micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis of two cassava varieties, Kello and Qulle
Authors: BERHANU ROZA , FEYISSA TILEYE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Berhanu R, Feyissa T. 2020. Factors influencing micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis of two cassava varieties, Kello and Qulle. Cell Biol Dev 4: 71-81. Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a perennial Euphorbiaceae shrub cultivated in the tropics, Africa, and Asia for its tuberous starchy roots. Lack of good-quality seed, low productivity and profit, virus and insect pests, high heterozygosity, low natural fertility, poor seed set, and seed germination limit its cultivation. The conventional breeding system is ill-equipped to address these issues. Therefore, additional biotechnological solutions are required to address the abovementioned issues. This research aimed to devise a method for obtaining a maximum number of shoots and morphologically sound in vitro materials by micropropagation, as well as to investigate the various parameters related to the micropropagation of the two cassava varieties, 'Kello' and 'Qulle.' The research also contains a somatic embryogenesis technique that is an optimal source of in vitro materials for large-scale multiplication. In this experiment, a Solid MS medium with different salt concentrations, sucrose concentrations, TDZ, a two-step procedure involving pre-soak of nodal explants in a liquid MS medium prior to culture on a solid MS medium, with different pH values, repeated subcultures, and somatic embryo induction on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D alone and in combination with 2 µM CuSO4 were utilized. At a concentration of 0.2 mg/L TDZ, both 'Kello' and 'Qulle' exhibited the highest average number of shoots per explant and improved morphological properties of in vitro material. At a TDZ concentration of 0.2 mg/L, the two-step cultivation strategy produced the greatest mean number of shoots per plant for both kinds. The maximum mean number of shoots per explant was produced by 'Kello' at a medium salt strength of a quarter, but 'Qulle' required a medium salt strength of full. 'Kello' and 'Qulle' produced the greatest average number of shoots per explant at pH values of 5.6 and 6.6, respectively. At 0.15% sucrose, 'Kello' and 'Qulle' attained their highest mean values for all parameters. During somatic embryo induction, treatments with varying doses of 2,4-D generated FEC and somatic embryos, but the somatic embryos failed to progress through the globular stage. The micropropagation property of the two types through sequential subculturing suggested that repeated subculturing causes the in vitro materials to lose their multiplication property.
Short Communication: Papaya (Carica papaya) seed extract test againts Spodoptera litura mortality
Authors: BAHUWA ISRA CAHAYANI , LAMONDO DJUNA , KATILI ABUBAKAR SIDIK
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Bahuwa IC, Lamondo D, Katili AS. 2022. Short Communication: Papaya (Carica papaya) seed extract test against Spodoptera litura mortality. Cell Biol Dev 6: 1-5. This study aims to determine the effect of papaya (Carica papaya L.) seed extract on mortality, the most influential concentration of papaya seed extract, Lethal Concentration (LC50) 24 hours, and Lethal Time (LT50) 24 hours armyworm (Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775) larvae instar III. The research was carried out at the Biology Department, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Indonesia, in June 2021. The method used was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 9 treatments and 3 replications, there are A (aquadest control), B (CMC control), C (1 ppm), D (50 ppm), E (100 ppm), F (200 ppm), G (400 ppm), H (800 ppm), and I (1600 ppm). The data were analyzed by probit analysis LC50, LT50, and One Way Anova. The results showed that the LC50 value was at a dose of 489 ppm. The value of LT50 24 hours at a concentration of 1600 ppm is 10.61 hours, with the fastest time to kill 50% of armyworm larvae. Papaya seed extract affects the mortality of armyworm larvae; the higher the concentration, the less time it takes to kill 50% of the larvae.
Effect of giving nanochitosan preparations ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) against pancreatic histology of white rat male (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley
Authors: HANDAYANI SUCI , SITASIWI AGUNG JANIKA , ISDADIYANTO SRI , MARDIATI SITI MUFLICATUN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Handayani S, Sitasiwi AJ, Isdadiyanto S, Mardiati SM. 2022. Effect of giving nanochitosan preparations ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) against pancreatic histology of white rat male (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague Dawley. Cell Biol Dev 6: 13-19. The selection of herbal plants as a treatment in the community is considered safer, more practical, and cheaper than synthetic drugs. Neem (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) is one of the herbal plants that have the potential as an antioxidant. However, the low bioavailability of drugs and the distribution of active compounds in herbal plants are constraints in administering drugs orally. The solution to overcome this problem is to prepare the test material in the form of nanochitosan. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem (A. indica) leaf extract on the pancreas histology of male Sprague Dawley rats. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 32 rats aged 2 months divided into 4 treatments, and each treatment consisted of 6 replications. P0 (normal rat group treated with 2 mL distilled water, P1 (normal rats induced with Natrium tripolifosfat "NaTPP" and 2 mL chitosan), P2 (normal rat group induced by nanochitosan neem leaf ethanol extract 1:0.5), P3 (normal rat group induced nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves 1:1). Data were analyzed by ANOVA test with a significance level of 5%. Data that were not normally distributed were tested by the Kruskal Wallis test and Duncan's test. The results showed that the administration of nanochitosan ethanol extract of neem leaves 1:0.5 and 1:1 had no significant effect on the diameter parameter of the islets of Langerhans (P?0.05) but had a significant effect on the parameters of pancreatic weight and damage scoring of the islets of Langerhans (P?0.05). The administration of nanochitosan preparations of ethanolic extract of neem leaves can deliver bioactive compounds neem to the pancreas and minimize damage to the cells that make up the islets of Langerhans due to toxic neem compounds.
Interactions between soil additives and a variety of naturally occurring nematode-demolishing fungi in banana fields of Meru and Embu Counties, Kenya
Authors: WAIRIMU WANGU JANE , KIMENJUL JOHN W. , MUIRU WILLIAM M. , WACHIRA PETER M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Wairimu WJ, Kimenjul JW, Muiru WM, Wachira PM. 2022. Interactions between soil additives and a variety of naturally occurring nematode-demolishing fungi in banana fields of Meru and Embu Counties, Kenya. Cell Biol Dev 6: 82-93. Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a significant danger to banana production, as they reduce the productivity, quality, and lifetime of banana orchards. This study aimed to evaluate the diversity, quantity, and occurrence of nematode-demolishing fungi in banana production farms to use them to manage plant-parasitic nematodes. Also examined was the impact of organic and inorganic soil additives on nematode-demolishing fungi. The study region was divided into three agroecological zones: UM3 (Low), UM2 (Middle), and UM 1 (Upper). Ten farms were chosen randomly for a soil sample in each zone to determine the diversity and abundance of nematode-demolishing fungi. One farm was chosen randomly for soil additive treatments in each zone. The gathered soil samples were used to isolate and identify nematode-demolishing fungi at the species level. The diversity of nematode-demolishing fungi varied significantly between zones, with the highest variety and number of fungi found in the highest zone. Arthrobotrys, Monacrosporium, Nematoctonus, Harposporium, and Paecilomyces were the identified genera. Arthrobotrys was the most often isolated genus, with a frequency of 45%, followed by Harposporium, with a frequency of 18%. The remaining three genera each had a frequency of 9%. The A. dactyloides, A. oligospora, A. robusta, A. longispora, A. superba, H. anguillulae, H. crassum, Meria coniospora, Monacrosporium cionopagum, N. leiosporus, and P. lilacinus were among the species identified. The A. oligospora had captured and destroyed 98 plant parasite nematodes, whereas M. cionopagum and Dactyllela phymatopaga had eliminated 88 and 76 plant parasitic nematodes, respectively, within the same time frame. The amount of nematode-demolishing fungi was significantly different between the various soil additives, with chicken dung having the greatest number of 74 isolates, followed by cow manure, goat manure, the control treatment, and inorganic additive with 71, 69, 54, and 39 isolates, respectively. The amount of isolated nematode-demolishing fungi fluctuated throughout time, from 89 pre-treatment isolates to 122 after three months and 96 after six months. The variation of nematode-demolishing fungi over time was significantly different, demonstrating the impact of diverse soil additives on their existence. Arthrobotrys spp. is a suitable option for field efficacy studies since it was the most diversified, had the highest demolishing rate, and the organic additives facilitated its dispersion in banana plantations.
Gamma irradiation effect on the microbial load and physicochemical properties of honey from Ghana
Authors: ADOTEY DENNIS KPAKPO , KLUTSE CHARLES KOFI , ADOTEY DENNIS KPAKPO
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Larbi DA, Klutse CK, Adotey DK. 2022. Gamma irradiation effect on the microbial load and physicochemical properties of honey from Ghana. Cell Biol Dev 6: 94-107. The honey's high sugar concentration and low pH give it antimicrobial properties and make it difficult for microorganisms to grow. This study is to ascertain microorganisms' presence in Ghanaian honey, the sources of microbial contamination, the physico-chemical properties of honey, and the effect of gamma radiation on the microbial load. Furthermore, 90 honey samples were collected from Brong Ahafo, Ashanti, and Greater Accra, Ghana, with 30 from each region. Honey was sampled directly from the beehive with the comb before the farmer harvested, and honey was sampled from retailers who buy directly from the farmer. The effect of gamma radiation on the microbial load was studied using a 60Co source gamma irradiation facility at doses of 20 kGy, 30 kGy, and 40 kGy on the presence of microbes and the physicochemical properties (pH, reducing sugar, apparent sucrose, and ash content) of honey. The pH values obtained for the Honey Comb samples were in the range of 3.6-3.9, and the pH for the Retail samples was in the range of 4.9-5.6. Microorganisms were not detected in about 70% of the honey sampled directly from the honeycomb. The mean microbial count in the remaining 30% was within the range of 30-35%, whereas all the honey sampled from the retailers was contaminated with microbes. The mean microbial counts in the retailer samples were 148 CFU/g, 183 CFU/g, and 271 CFU/g for Ashanti, Brong Ahafo, and Greater Accra Regions, respectively. These values were significantly higher than the required maximum relative to the MERCOSUR (Mercado Comun del SUR) standard (? 100 CFU/g). The low level of microbial detection in the Honey Comb samples (30-35 CFU/g) could be due to their relatively low pH levels (3.6-3.9) compared to the retailer samples with pH within 4.9-5.6. The ash content of all the honey sampled and analyzed was within the required standard, with an average of 0.16% in the honeycomb samples and an average of 0.62% for the retail samples. The apparent sucrose concentration (in percentage) in honey sampled from the retailers was within the range of 22-33%, which is beyond the required maximum as stipulated by the CODEX Alimentarius Commission (? 10%). The study showed that a 20 kGy gamma radiation dose was enough to denature the microbes and preserve the honey's essential qualities. Finally, to ensure good quality honey on the Ghanaian market, it is recommended that honey meant for human consumption should undergo gamma irradiation (cold pasteurization).
High-efficiency metalens-based compact multispectral variable spectrometer
Authors: Ke Yachen , Nie Boyang , Wei Lidong , Jing Juanjuan , Zhou Jinsong , Feng Lei
Published: January 2023

Conventional spectrometers are bulky, and researchers have continuously made efforts in
their miniaturization and integration in recent years. Among these
studies, metalenses have attracted immense interest because of their
merits of a flat shape and flexible regulation. Herein, we introduce a
design of a polarization-insensitive metalens-based spectrometer that
utilizes an off-axis high-efficiency broadband metalens in the
wavelength range of 500–1000 nm. The demonstrated metalens
consisting of nanopillars employs propagation phase and phase function
optimization methods and can achieve spectral resolutions of
0.6 nm with efficiency as high as 77%. By stitching metalenses
with different focal lengths, the functionality of the spectrometer
can be expanded. Hence, a compact variable design with favorable
focusing and dispersive properties can be achieved by one single
component instead of traditional cascading optics, thus shrinking the
volume to the millimeter scale and reducing cost. This research proves
the potential for applications of metalenses in spectrometers as well
as other consumer and industry products.
Boron carbide thin film surface characterization after graphitic carbon removal using low-pressure oxygen gas RF plasma
Authors: Yadav Praveen K. , Gupta Raj Kumar , Gupta Shruti , Mukherjee C. , Goutam U. K. , Modi Mohammed H.
Published: January 2023

B

4

C

-coated thin film mirrors are used in
high brilliance synchrotron and x-ray free electron laser beamlines
due to their low absorption coefficient and high thermal stability. As
in the case of gold, platinum, and other thin film mirrors,

B

4

C

-coated mirrors also are affected due
to synchrotron radiation-induced carbon contaminations in beamlines.
In the present study, a graphitic carbon (

C

) layer deposited on top of boron
carbide (

B

x

C

) thin film surface is removed by five
successive oxygen radio frequency (RF) plasma exposures (RF power,
10 W;

O

2

flow, 30 sccm; exposure time,
10 min each). Before and after the carbon layer removal,
structural and compositional properties of the

B

x

C

/

C

bilayer are characterized by soft
x-ray reflectivity, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing angle
x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Characterization
results reveal that in the first four exposures the carbon layer
thickness decreases continuously without affecting the

B

x

C

layer properties; however, in the
fifth exposure, the carbon layer is completely removed along with a
partial etching of the

B

x

C

layer too.
Optical trapping with higher-order frozen waves
Authors: Suarez Rafael A. B. , Neves Antonio A. R. , Gesualdi Marcos R. R.
Published: January 2023

In this work, we optically trap micro-particles with higher-order frozen waves using holographic optical tweezers. Frozen waves are diffraction-resistant optical beams obtained by superposing co-propagating Bessel beams with the same frequency and order, obtaining efficient modeling of its shape. Based on this, we developed a holographic optical tweezers system for the generation of frozen waves, and with this, it was possible to create traps in a stable way for the trapping and guiding of micro-particles in the transverse plane. The experimental results show that it is possible to obtain an excellent stability condition for optical trapping using higher-order frozen waves. These results indicate that frozen waves are promising for optical trapping and guiding of particles, which may be useful in various applications such as biological research, atomic physics, and optical manipulations using structured light with orbital angular momentum.
Optimizing performance for an on-chip stimulated Brillouin scattering-based isolator
Authors: Lai Choon Kong , Merklein Moritz , Casas-Bedoya Alvaro , Liu Yang , Madden Stephen J. , Poulton Christopher G. , Steel Michael J. , Eggleton Benjamin J.
Published: January 2023

Non-reciprocal optical components such as isolators and circulators are crucial for preventing catastrophic backreflection and controlling optical cross talk in photonic systems. While non-reciprocal devices based on Brillouin intermodal transitions have been experimentally demonstrated in chip-scale platforms, harnessing such interactions has required a suspended waveguide structure, which is challenging to fabricate and is potentially less robust than a non-suspended structure, thereby limiting the design flexibility. In this paper, we numerically investigate the performance of a Brillouin-based isolation scheme in which a dual-pump-driven optoacoustic interaction is used to excite confined acoustic waves in a traditional ridge waveguide. We find that acoustic confinement, and therefore the amount of Brillouin-driven mode conversion, can be enhanced by selecting an appropriate optical mode pair and waveguide geometry of two arsenic-based chalcogenide platforms. Further, we optimize the isolator design in its entirety, including the input couplers, mode filters, the Brillouin-active waveguide as well as the device fabrication tolerances. We predict such a device can achieve 30 dB isolation over a 38 nm bandwidth when 500 mW pump power is used; in the presence of a

±

10

n
m

fabrication-induced width error, such isolation can be maintained over a 5–10 nm bandwidth.
3D compressive imaging system with a single photon-counting detector
Authors: Li Song , Liu Xinyuan , Xiao Yi , Ma Yue , Yang Jian , Zhu Kaineng , Tian Xin
Published: January 2023

For photon-counting based compressive imaging systems, it is difficult to obtain 3D image with intensity and depth information precisely due to the dead time and shot noise effect of photon-counting detectors. In this study, we design and achieve a 3D compressive imaging system using a single photon-counting detector. To overcome the radiometric distortion arising from the dead time and shot noise, considering the response mechanism of photon-counting detectors, a Bayesian posterior model is derived and a Reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC)-based method is proposed to iteratively obtain model parameters. Experimental and simulation results indicate that the 3D image of targets can be effectively and accurately reconstructed with a smaller number of repeated illuminations and no longer restricted by the photon flux conditions (i.e., breaking through the upper limit of the received signal level). The proposed Bayesian RJMCMC-based radiometric correction method is not only beneficial to single-photon 3D compressive imaging system, but also to any other photon-counting based systems, e.g., photon-counting lidars. In addition, limiting condition of recovering the actual photon number for photon-counting imaging or lidar systems is also quantitatively analyzed, which is of great significance to the system scheme design.
Suppressed-scattering spectral windows for radiative cooling applications
Authors: Pérez-Escudero José M. , Torres-García Alicia E. , Lezaun Carlos , Caggiano Antonio , Peralta Ignacio , Dolado Jorge S. , Beruete Miguel , Liberal Iñigo
Published: January 2023

The scattering of light by resonant nanoparticles is a key process for enhancing the solar reflectance in daylight radiative cooling. Here, we investigate the impact of material dispersion on the scattering performance of popular nanoparticles for radiative cooling applications. We show that, due to material dispersion, nanoparticles with a qualitatively similar response at visible frequencies exhibit fundamentally different scattering properties at infrared frequencies. It is found that dispersive nanoparticles exhibit suppressed-scattering windows, allowing for selective thermal emission within a highly reflective sample. The existence of suppressed-scattering windows solely depends on material dispersion, and they appear pinned to the same wavelength even in random composite materials and periodic metasurfaces. Finally, we investigate calcium-silicate-hydrate (CSH), the main phase of concrete, as an example of a dispersive host, illustrating that the co-design of nanoparticles and host allows for tuning of the suppressed-scattering windows. Our results indicate that controlled nanoporosities would enable concrete with daylight passive radiative cooling capabilities.
Non-Hermitian kagome photonic crystal with a totally topological spatial mode selection
Authors: Wang Qing , Qian Jiale , Jiang Liyong
Published: January 2023

Recently, the study of non-Hermitian topological edge and corner states in sonic crystals (SCs) and photonic crystals (PCs) has drawn much attention. In this paper, we propose a Wannier-type higher-order topological insulator (HOTI) model based on the kagome PC containing dimer units and study its non-Hermitian topological corner states. When balanced gain and loss are introduced into the dimer units with a proper parity-time symmetric setting, the system will show asymmetric Wannier bands and can support two Hermitian corner states and two pairs of complex-conjugate or pseudo complex-conjugate non-Hermitian corner states. These topological corner states are solely confined at three corners of the triangular supercell constructed by the trivial and non-trivial kagome PCs, corresponding to a topological spatial mode selection effect. As compared to the non-Hermitian quadrupole-type HOTIs, the non-Hermitian Wannier-type HOTIs can realize totally topological spatial mode selection by using much lower coefficients of gain and loss. Our results pave the way for the development of novel non-Hermitian photonic topological devices based on Wannier-type HOTIs.
High-accuracy calibration method for an underwater one-mirror galvanometric laser scanner
Authors: Li Xiao , Chen Xingpei , Li Wei , Yin Xiaokang , Yuan Xin’an , Chen Huaiyuan , Zhou Jingyu , Ma Xin
Published: January 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) perception of deep-sea targets is the key to autonomous operation of underwater equipment (e.g., underwater robots). Underwater one-mirror galvanometric line-laser scanner has advantages for short-range measurement, but it is difficult to achieve high calibration accuracy due to installation errors and refraction effects. For this reason, in this paper, a high-accuracy refraction-considered and installation-error-independent calibration method is proposed for the vision system. Firstly, to address the difficulty of aligning the incident light plane with the galvanometer shaft, a high-accuracy land-based installation-error-independent model is proposed, which avoids the influence of the installation errors and allows the real shaft axis and the light-plane cluster poses to be calculated using only three light planes. Subsequently, considering the underwater refraction, a 3D model is established for simulating refractive behaviors of the light-plane cluster, and then a partition-based method is proposed for calibrating the underwater light-plane cluster, which further improves the calibration accuracy of the scanner in underwater measurement scenarios. Finally, a one-mirror galvanometric laser scanner is developed in the laboratory to verify the calibration accuracy and to perform the 3D measurement experiments of underwater targets. The results show that the calibration accuracy of the proposed land-based installation-error-independent model is improved 2 times more compared with the traditional installation-error-dependent model. Additionally, the measurement accuracy of the scanner for the standard sphere is 11.98 µm and 12.75 µm in the air and underwater measurement scenarios, and the two measurements are in good agreement. The above results comprehensively verify the high accuracy of the calibration method proposed in this paper.
Cubic-wavelength mode volume photonic crystal nanobeam cavities in a monolithic CMOS platform
Authors: Al Qubaisi Kenaish , Schiller Mark , Zhang Bohan , Onural Deniz , Naughton Michael J. , Popović Miloš A.
Published: January 2023

We report on the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of photonic crystal (PhC) nanobeam cavities with the smallest footprint, largest intrinsic quality factor, and smallest mode volume to be demonstrated to date in a monolithic CMOS platform. Two types of cavities were designed, with opposite spatial mode symmetries. The opposite mode symmetry, combined with evanescent coupling, allows the nanobeam cavities to be used in reflectionless topologies, desirable in complex photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The devices were implemented and fabricated in a 45 nm monolithic electronics–photonics CMOS platform optimized for silicon photonics (GlobalFoundries 45CLO) and do not require any post-processing. Quality factors exceeding 100 000 were measured for both devices, the highest, to the best of our knowledge, among fully cladded PhC nanobeam cavities in any silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. Additionally, the ability of the cavities to confine light into small mode volumes, of the order of (λ/n)3, was confirmed experimentally using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM). These types of cavities are an important step toward realizing ultra-low energy active devices required for the next generation of integrated optical links beyond the current microring resonator-based links and other CMOS PICs.
Selective auditory attention modulates cortical responses to sound location change for speech in quiet and in babble
Authors: Ozmeral Erol J. , Menon Katherine N.
Published: January 2023

Listeners use the spatial location or change in spatial location of coherent acoustic cues to aid in auditory object formation. From stimulus-evoked onset responses in normal-hearing listeners using electroencephalography (EEG), we have previously shown measurable tuning to stimuli changing location in quiet, revealing a potential window into the cortical representations of auditory scene analysis. These earlier studies used non-fluctuating, spectrally narrow stimuli, so it was still unknown whether previous observations would translate to speech stimuli, and whether responses would be preserved for stimuli in the presence of background maskers. To examine the effects that selective auditory attention and interferers have on object formation, we measured cortical responses to speech changing location in the free field with and without background babble (+6 dB SNR) during both passive and active conditions. Active conditions required listeners to respond to the onset of the speech stream when it occurred at a new location, explicitly indicating ‘yes’ or ‘no’ to whether the stimulus occurred at a block-specific location either 30 degrees to the left or right of midline. In the aggregate, results show similar evoked responses to speech stimuli changing location in quiet compared to babble background. However, the effect of the two background environments diverges somewhat when considering the magnitude and direction of the location change and where the subject was attending. In quiet, attention to the right hemifield appeared to evoke a stronger response than attention to the left hemifield when speech shifted in the rightward direction. No such difference was found in babble conditions. Therefore, consistent with challenges associated with cocktail party listening, directed spatial attention could be compromised in the presence of stimulus noise and likely leads to poorer use of spatial cues in auditory streaming.
Distribution of an analgesic palmitoylethanolamide and other N-acylethanolamines in human placental membranes
Authors: Svobodova Alzbeta , Vrkoslav Vladimir , Smeringaiova Ingrida , Jirsova Katerina
Published: January 2023

Background

Human amniotic and amniochorionic membranes (AM, ACM) represent the most often used grafts accelerating wound healing. Palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide and anandamide are endogenous bioactive lipid molecules, generally referred as N-acylethanolamines. They express analgesic, nociceptive, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. We assessed the distribution of these lipid mediators in placental tissues, as they could participate on analgesic and wound healing effect of AM/ACM grafts.

Methods

Seven placentas were collected after caesarean delivery and fresh samples of AM, ACM, placental disc, umbilical cord, umbilical serum and vernix caseosa, and decontaminated samples (antibiotic solution BASE 128) of AM and ACM have been prepared. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used for N-acylethanolamines analysis.

Results

N-acylethanolamines were present in all studied tissues, palmitoylethanolamide being the most abundant and the anandamide the least. For palmitoylethanolamide the maximum average concentration was detected in AM (350.33 ± 239.26 ng/g), while oleoylethanolamide and anandamide were most abundant in placenta (219.08 ± 79.42 ng/g and 30.06 ± 7.77 ng/g, respectively). Low levels of N-acylethanolamines were found in serum and vernix. A significant increase in the levels of N-acylethanolamines (3.1–3.6-fold, P < 0.001) was observed in AM when the tissues were decontaminated using antibiotic solution. The increase in decontaminated ACM was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The presence of N-acylethanolamines, particularly palmitoylethanolamide in AM and ACM allows us to propose these lipid mediators as the likely factors responsible for the anti-hyperalgesic, but also anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective, effects of AM/ACM grafts in wound healing treatment. The increase of N-acylethanolamines levels in AM and ACM after tissue decontamination indicates that tissue processing is an important factor in maintaining the analgesic effect.
Adverse events of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in Brazil: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Covas Dimas Tadeu , de Jesus Lopes de Abreu Ariane , Zampirolli Dias Carolina , Vansan Ferreira Rafaela , Gonçalves Pereira Ramon , Silva Julian Guilherme
Published: January 2023

Background

By the fact that pregnant and postpartum women are currently using COVID-19 vaccines, ensure their safety is critical. So, more safety evidence is crucial to include this new technology to their vaccine’s calendar and to develop public policies regarding the support and training of Health Care Personnel. This study aims to describe the adverse events (AE) of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and postpartum women in the early stage of vaccination campaign in Brazil.

Methods

An observational cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian surveillance information system to characterize the AE of COVID-19 vaccines (Sinovac/Butantan, Pfizer/BioNTech, AstraZeneca and Janssen) in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women from April to August 2021. Frequency and incidence rate of AE for COVID-19 vaccines were assessed.

Results

3,333 AE following immunization were reported for the study population. AE incidence was 309.4/100,000 doses (95% CI 297.23, 321.51). Within the vaccines available, Sinovac/Butantan had the lowest incidence (74.08/100,000 doses; 95% CI 63.47, 84.69). Systemic events were the most frequent notified (82.07%), followed by local (11.93%) and maternal (4.74%), being most of them classified as non-severe (90.65%).

Conclusion

Our results corroborate the recommendation of vaccination for these groups. Even though, further studies appraising a longer observation time are still needed to provide a broader safety aspect for the vaccines currently under use for this population.
A latent class analysis approach to the identification of doctoral students at risk of attrition
Authors: Stevens Samantha M. , Ruberton Peter M. , Smyth Joshua M. , Cohen Geoffrey L. , Purdie Greenaway Valerie , Cook Jonathan E.
Published: January 2023

To advance understanding of doctoral student experiences and the high attrition rates among Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) doctoral students, we developed and examined the psychological profiles of different types of doctoral students. We used latent class analysis on self-reported psychological data relevant to psychological threat from 1,081 incoming doctoral students across three universities and found that the best-fitting model delineated four threat classes: Lowest Threat, Nonchalant, Engaged/Worried, and Highest Threat. These classes were associated with characteristics measured at the beginning of students’ first semester of graduate school that may influence attrition risk, including differences in academic preparation (e.g., amount of research experience), self-evaluations and perceived fit (e.g., sense of belonging), attitudes towards graduate school and academia (e.g., strength of motivation), and interpersonal relations (e.g., perceived social support). Lowest Threat students tended to report the most positive characteristics and Highest Threat students the most negative characteristics, whereas the results for Nonchalant and Engaged/Worried students were more mixed. Ultimately, we suggest that Engaged/Worried and Highest Threat students are at relatively high risk of attrition. Moreover, the demographic distributions of profiles differed, with members of groups more likely to face social identity threat (e.g., women) being overrepresented in a higher threat profile (i.e., Engaged/Worried students) and underrepresented in lower threat profiles (i.e., Lowest Threat and Nonchalant students). We conclude that doctoral students meaningfully vary in their psychological threat at the beginning of graduate study and suggest that these differences may portend divergent outcomes.
La construcción del “otro turco”: la batalla de Nicópolis y el cautiverio de Johannes Schiltberger
Authors: Martínez García Pedro
Published: January 2023

La batalla de Nicópolis en 1396 no solo supuso una severa derrota para la coalición cruzada en su guerra contra el expansivo imperio otomano, también fue el punto de partida de una nueva narrativa en la construcción del otro turco. En este artículo se analiza la transformación del discurso sobre el enemigo musulmán en el contexto de la expansión militar turca de finales del S. XIV y de comienzos del S. XV prestando especial atención al relato de Johannes Schiltberger, escrito tras el cautiverio que siguió a su participación en dicha batalla.
La pasión funesta: el odio en la política
Authors: González Calleja Eduardo
Published: January 2023

El presente articulo trata de exponer los rasgos específicos del odio dentro del elenco fenomenológico de los sentimientos humanos, y calibrar su presencia entre los rasgos caracteriales del fanático y entre las manifestaciones de la violencia política, poniendo a tal fin algunos ejemplos extraídos del proyecto genocida nazi.
Esne-gazuratik eratorritako film biodegradagarriak
Authors: Arregi Maite , Guerrero Pedro , De la Caba Koro , Etxabide Etxeberria Alaitz
Published: January 2023

Euskadiko gaztandegietan esne-gazur ugari sortzen da eta haren isurketak kalteak eragin ditzake ingurumenean. Horregatik, ikerketa honen helburua film biodegradagarriak ekoiztea da, esne-gazuraren proteina erabiliz. Elikagaien industriako bio-hondakinetatik datorren proteinan oinarritutako elikadura-ontzien bidezko irtenbide honek, hondakinen kopurua murrizteaz gain, elikagaien bizitza erabilgarria handitzea du helburu. Esne-gazuraren proteinan oinarritutako filmak sortzeko, hainbat prozesatze-metodo erabil daitezke eta, lan honetan, konpresioa aukeratu da, ekoizpen-denborak murrizteko eta prozesu iraunkorragoak sustatzeko. Filmen eraketa-prozesua optimizatu ondoren, lortutako filmen propietate fisiko-kimikoak, optikoak, mekanikoak eta hesi-propietateak aztertu dira. Horretaz gain, filmen ingurumen-inpaktuaren azterketa egin da.
Makna Bentuk Arsitektur Candi Borobudur dalam Pandangan Islam
Authors: Muafani  , Asyhar Kholil  , Robingun Suyud El Syam  , Salis Irvan Fuadi  , Machfudz
Published: January 2023

Indonesia memiliki monumen Buddha termegah terletak di Kabupaten Magelang sebagai mahakarya arsitektur fenomenal berupa candi Borobudur. Tentulah menarik pemaknaan berdasar kajian Islam. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi, penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa bentuk candi Borobudur dapat dimaknai sebagai berikut:  pertama, bentuk candi Borobudur merupakan inkulturasi bentuk punden berundak sebagai ciri khas arsitektur Nusantara, dapat dikaitkan dengan bilangan tiga unsur kegelapan dalam kandungan seorang ibu; kedua, Sembilan tingkatan dalam bentuk candi Borobudur dapat dikaitkan dengan angka sembilan yang merupakan nilai tertinggi dalam sebuah urutan bilangan, dan dalam Islam ada beberapa hal yang dikaitkan dengan bilangan sembilan di antaranya sembilan macam mukjizat yang diberikan Allah SWT kepada Nabi Musa, ketiga, Jumlah stupa pada candi Borobudur terdiri dari 72 stupa kecil yang mengelilingi sebuah stupa besar sebagai mahkota sehingga jumlahnya menjadi 73 stupa, dapat melambangkan perpecahan umat Islam seperti diterangkan dalam sebuah hadits.

Kata kunci: Borobudur; arsitektur; bentuk; islam
AGAMA DAN KOMUNITAS VIRTUAL: STUDI PERGESERAN ORIENTASI KEAGAMAAN DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Hablun Ilham
Published: January 2023

Technological developments have changed the social and religious structure of society from being conventional or traditional to being digital. This paper aims to see how the dynamics of religion in the digital era, in this case the shift in religious orientation from absolute truth to shared cultural wealth, starting from the concept of religion and virtual communities to shifts in religious orientation in the digital era. This research is based on library research by making books or journal articles as primary data. The results showed that the development of technology changed the structure and diversity of society. This can be seen from the emergence of online or virtual based communities such as online churches to online boarding schools. Besides that, Religion in the digital global era experiences a shift in the orientation of religious understanding. This can be seen from the celebrations of religious holidays which are no longer carried out by adherents of that religion. However, nowadays religious activities or especially the celebration of certain religious holidays such as Christian Christmas, for example, are also carried out by people from non-Christian circles. In this context then religion is no longer understood as something rigid or absolute that only certain religions have, but nowadays religion has become a shared cultural property. Research related to religion in the digital era needs to be developed with more religious methods and approaches. This is done to identify problems that have not been identified.
Keywords: Religion, the Digital Age, Shifts in the Orientation of Religious Understanding.
EMPOWERMENT OF MSMEs BASED ON CASH WAQF IN THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Sukardi Siti Murtiyani , Yosoef Hery Sasono
Published: January 2023

Indonesia is a country with a very large number of MSMEs spread throughout the country. During the Covid-19 Pandemic, there was an extraordinary shock so that many MSMEs went out of business and did not return to their activities. There are many factors that influence it, namely; limited capital, low level of education, lack of business knowledge, limited supporting technology owned by MSME actors in Indonesia. Empowerment of MSMEs based on cash waqf is one possible solution to help MSMEs rise and rebuild their businesses in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The purpose of the study was to analyze the potential of cash waqf for the empowerment of MSMEs in Indonesia. Research based on empirical studies presented descriptively supported by valid data and information obtained from interviews and field observations. Techniques for collecting data from data sources from BAZNAS institutions, journals and articles from competent research results, which have been reviewed and analyzed as the basis for the theories used. The results of this study indicate that MSMEs really need a supply of cash funds to revive MSME businesses and it is necessary to develop MSME management so that they are stronger and can survive in the era of the Covid-19 Pandemic.

Keywords: Empowerment, MSMEs, Cash Waqf, Covid-19 Pandemic
PROBLEM PATOLOGI SOSIAL PENGEMIS SEBAGAI KELOMPOK MARGINAL PENGUMPUL KEUNTUNGAN
Authors: Mahatva Yoga Adi Pradana  , Muhammad Fiqri Fadilah
Published: January 2023

Abstract

Humans are born into the world in a state of nature, which means that not a single human being from birth can be called a pathology or a disease of society. Phenomena that occur in the existing environment cause humans to be able to influence and shape human character and personality. For example, with the increasingly rapid development of the times and humans who have not been able to adapt, they can take practical actions to adapt to their environment. So that from there some social problems emerge which, if the problem is allowed to continue, can form pathological problems that exist in society. This problem is related to the increasing number of people who beg with the stigma of being beggars. Moreover, this phenomenon is used as a profit commodity. The author uses a qualitative study with a social approach in it. Finally, the authors get a new understanding of how beggars become a marginalized group which is considered a pathological problem. Until finally this phenomenon can be resolved with the empowerment of marginalized communities.

Keywords: Marginal, Social Pathology, Beggars
CALCULATION OF GAS EMISSION FLOWS FROM THE SURFACES OF THE FLOW PART MOLECULAR STAGE OF A VACUUM PUMP
Authors: Fomin M. V. , Fomina I. M.
Published: January 2023

An algorithm and an example of calculation of gas emission flows from the urfaces of a molecular stage with helical channels made on the stator of a hybrid turbo molecular vacuum pump are considered. The Monte Carlo method in a three-dimensional formulation was used in calculations of the molecular regime of gas flow.
CHECKING THE CONVERGENCE OF CALCULATION RESULTS DURING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF A COMPOSITE PART
Authors: Lubimyi N. S. , Polshin A. A. , Tikhonov A. A. , Gerasimov M. D. , Antsiferov S. I. , Lyamina S. A. , Golubeva N. D.
Published: January 2023

The article presents a technique for assessing the convergence of the results of calculations of the composite model of the part. The question of checking the convergence of calculation results in finite element analysis is a prerequisite for the analysis of a nonlinear calculation. The article provides a description of the difference between the nonlinear calculation and its features, relevant for the calculation of composite parts with surface contact of various materials. The part studied in the article is a composite one, consisting of a metal shell, hypothetically manufactured by metal addivitive printing and filled with a metal polymer. Thus, a part is examined that has contact of two materials with different propertios. NX Nastran SolidEdge ST10 is used as a solver. The article describes how the convergence check is implemented in the SolidEdge ST10 software environment. At the same time. Due to the peculiarities of SolidEdge ST10, The convergence assessment in this example was carried out by successively varying the size of the element mesh. Among the analyzed calculated data, the parameters of the safety factor, deformations and stresses were used. The calculation results were systematized and presented in the form of appropriate graphs. An assessment is made of the infiuence of the finite element mesh size on the accuracy of the results obtained and the advisability of using a finite element mesh with the optimal size. The optimality criterion was to use such a ﬁnite element mesh size that would allow obtaining adequate calculation results with the most eﬁicient use of the computer resource. In conclusion, the recommendations for using the proposed methodology for use by design engineers in the development of composite and other part designs in nonlinear analysis are described.
SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE OUTPUT LINKS OF SEVERAL VOLUMETRIC HYDRAULIC ENGINES
Authors: Goydo M. E.
Published: January 2023

Possible ways to ensure the synchronous movement of the output links of three or more volumetric hydraulic engines are considered for the case of supplying working fluid to them from a pumping unit, the pressure in the pressure hydraulic line of which is determined by the current highest pressure in the pressure cavities of the synchronized hydraulic engines.