bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroinflammation in Children With Infantile Spasms: A Prospective Study Before and After Treatment With Acthar Gel (Repository Corticotropin Injection)
Authors: Chugani Harry T. , Kumar Ajay
Published: June 2020

The selective effectiveness of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in treating infantile spasms suggests an underlying neuroinflammation. Because neuroinflammation is mediated by activated microglia, which express translocator protein (TSPO), we imaged neuroinflammation in children with infantile spasms using positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-PK11195 (PK), which selectively binds to TSPO. Children were studied prospectively before and following treatment with Acthar Gel (repository corticotropin injection). We hypothesized that PK-PET would show neuroinflammation (increased PET uptake) in cortical and/or subcortical structures before treatment, and that this inflammation will be abolished/reduced following Acthar Gel treatment. Eight children with infantile spasms (5 males; mean age 1.8±1.1, range 0.9-4.1 years) were recruited. After clinical and video electroencephalograph (EEG) evaluation and dynamic PK-PET scan, children underwent treatment with Acthar Gel over 4 weeks, followed by repeat clinical evaluation/video-EEG 2 weeks after initiation of treatment and repeat PK-PET 2 weeks after treatment completion. Visual and quantitative analysis of PK-PET scans were performed. We calculated regional binding potential (measure of receptor-ligand binding) using a reference tissue model. Focal areas of increased PK-binding were found in the pretreatment PK-PET in 5 children. Following treatment, these increases were either reduced or normalized and were associated with cessation (n=4) or significant reduction (n=1) of spasms and complete disappearance of hypsarrhythmia. One child showed increased binding potential in basal ganglia and thalamus, despite normalization of cortical binding potential; however, these increases were likely associated with death-related causes. This study suggests Acthar Gel–responsive neuroinflammatory changes in children with infantile spasms, supporting a potential role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms.
The Link Between Adversity and Dating Violence Among Adolescents Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment: Parental Emotion Validation as a Candidate Protective Factor
Authors: Froidevaux Nicole M. , Metcalf Stacy , Pettit Corey , Penner Francesca , Sharp Carla , Borelli Jessica L.
Published: June 2020

Adolescents are at risk for becoming victims or perpetrators for a variety of forms of dating violence, including cyber violence, physical violence, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse. Interestingly, a robust predictor of dating violence is adverse experiences during childhood; however, factors that could mitigate the risk of dating violence for those exposed to adversity have seldom been examined. Using the cumulative stress hypothesis as a lens, the current study examined severity of adverse experiences as a predictor of dating violence within a sample at risk for both victimization and perpetration of dating violence: An adolescent (12–17 years old; N = 137) sample who were receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. First, the current study aimed to replicate previous findings to determine whether adversity predicted dating violence and whether this varied by gender. Then, the current study examined one factor that could mitigate the relation between adversity and dating violence—parental emotion validation. High rates of maternal emotion validation resulted in no relation between adversity and dating violence perpetration and victimization; however, the relation was present at average and low levels of maternal emotion validation. Next, by adding gender as an additional moderator to the model, we found that high rates of paternal emotion validation extinguished the relation between adversity and dating violence perpetration, but only for adolescent boys. This pattern was not found for maternal emotion validation. Interestingly, the relation between adversity and dating violence victimization did not vary as a function of maternal or paternal validation of emotion for either child gender. These findings are discussed in terms of their meaning within this sample, possible future directions, and their implications for the prevention of dating violence.
Stability of the Antimicrobial Capacity of Human Milk Against Cronobacter Sakazakii During Handling
Authors: Fernández-Pastor Sandra , Castelló Dolores Silvestre , López-Mendoza M.C.
Published: June 2020

Background

Neonatal infections with Cronobacter sakazakii have recently been associated with the consumption of expressed human milk.

Study Aims

(1) To evaluate whether human milk has antimicrobial capacity against C. sakazakii and (2) to determine the stability of its capacity when it is subjected to various treatments.

Methods

The antimicrobial capacity of human milk against C. sakazakii was evaluated using an observational, cross-sectional, comparative design. Mature human milk samples ( N = 29) were subjected to different treatments. After incubation at 37°C for 72 hr, samples were compared with fresh milk on the stability of their antimicrobial capacity. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed.

Results

In fresh milk, counts of C. sakazakii were reduced by 47.26% ( SD = 6.74) compared to controls. In treated milk, reductions were: refrigeration at 4°C for 72 hr ( M = 33.84, SD = 13.84), freezing at –20°C for 1, 2, and 3 months ( M = 40.31, SD = 9.10; M = 35.96, SD = 9.39; M = 26.20, SD = 13.55, respectively), Holder pasteurization ( M = 23.56, SD = 15.61), and human milk bank treatment with ( M = 14.37, SD = 18.02) and without bovine fortifier ( M = 3.70, SD = 23.83). There were significant differences ( p < .05) between fresh and treated milk.

Conclusions

Human milk has antimicrobial capacity against C. sakazakii. However, its capacity is negatively influenced by common preservation and hygienization methods. Milk should be stored refrigerated for a maximum of 72 hr or frozen for a short period of time.
A novel method improving the temperature uniformity of hot-plate under induction heating
Authors: Jin Wang , Xing Chen , Lu Yu , Baoshou Sun , Li Dequn
Published: June 2020

In the paper, a novel method to improve the uniformity of the temperature distribution on the surface of the hot-plate is presented. Firstly, the effect of magnetic flux density under coupling of the electromagnetic and heat transfer on target surface temperature is studied numerically by using the commercial simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics. To evaluate the uniformity of the temperature distribution on the target surface, the temperature nonuniformity index on the target surface was firstly employed in terms of a specific designed electric coil. Secondly, the principal components analysis combined with the orthogonal test method is employed to analyze the shape parameters and obtain optimized temperature distribution at the target surface of the hot-plate. The simulated results show that the uniformity of temperature can be greatly improved by appropriately adjusting distribution of magnetic flux and the uniform temperature distribution can be achieved on a heating surface of 130 mm in length, 130 mm in width, and 30 mm in height. Finally, the optimizations of target surface temperature on hot-plate with different target temperatures were studied as well.
Investigation of the strain rate hardening behaviour of glass fibre reinforced epoxy under blast loading
Authors: Louar Mohamed A , Belkacem Bachir , Ousji Hamza , Pyl Lincy , Vantomme John
Published: June 2020

This work investigates the use of blast loadings and inverse modeling for the identification of the strain rate hardening model parameters of fibre reinforced polymers. An experimental setup allowing the generation of known and predictable blast waves, leading to repeatable dynamic response in composite plates and the measurement of the displacement and strain fields, is developed. The dynamic response of the plates is measured by means of high-speed cameras and a 3D digital image correlation technique. A suitable numerical model that is able to reproduce the experimental conditions and predict the blast response of the plates is developed. Finally, the experimental measurements and the numerical calculation are combined through an inverse method in order to identify the strain rate hardening model parameters of the tensile and shear strengths of glass fibre reinforced epoxy.
Influence of cork microparticles on the fracture type in single lap joints
Authors: da Silva CI , Barbosa AQ , Carbas RJC , Marques EAS , Akhavan-Safar A , da Silva LFM
Published: June 2020

Over the years, the use of structural adhesive bonding has significantly grown in numerous technological sectors, including the aeronautical, aerospace, medical and automotive industries. The growing need to design lighter and better performing structures has pushed designers to improve their construction techniques, and consequently adhesive joints have appeared as an optimal joining solution, providing the necessary high strength and stiffness, low cost and excellent capabilities to join multi-material structures. In many of these applications, perhaps most importantly in the automotive industry, it is fundamental to ensure that when the joint is loaded to destruction, such as in a vehicle collision, failure is always cohesive and adhesive failure is avoided. This work proposes a novel technique to ensure that the failure mode is not adhesive, forcing a failure mode that does not propagate through or near the interface. To accomplish that, an epoxy adhesive typically used in the automotive industry was studied and reinforced with microparticles of cork. This study was validated experimentally with joint configurations typical of industrial applications, such as single lap joints, supported by numerical simulations performed to better understand the failure mechanism. The influence of the amount and size of these particles on the fracture type was evaluated. Overall, both the experimental and numerical results showed that by increasing both the size and the amount of the particles in the adhesive, the failure mode tends to be more cohesive (in the middle of the bondline) with a small reduction in joint strength, demonstrating that this can be a viable technique if cohesive failures in the adhesive layers are necessary.
Enhancement of a horizontal axis wind turbine airfoil performance using single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator
Authors: Fadaei Mohaddeseh , Davari Ali R , Sabetghadam Fereidoun , Soltani Mohammad R
Published: June 2020

Wind turbines are of the most promising devices to cut down carbon emissions. However, some phenomena that adversely affect their performance are inevitable. The aim of the present paper is to investigate flow separation prevention exploiting leading edge (LE) single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator (SDBD-PA) on an airfoil belonging to a section of a locally developed wind turbine. The numerical results of the surface pressure distribution over the airfoil were compared with the experimental measurements carried out by the authors on the same blade section, and good agreement was found between numerical and experimental data for both plasma-OFF and plasma-ON cases. An in-depth parametric numerical investigation was then carried out to provide a better understanding of the flow behavior affected by the activation of PA over the same airfoil at post stall angle of attacks (AOAs). According to the results, the frequency and voltage of actuation, AOA, and free stream velocity are shown to have strong impacts on separation delay and actuation effectiveness. In Reynolds number of 2.85 × 105, the maximum PA effectiveness takes place at 21° which is approximately 312%, 307%, and 256% corresponding to the PA location of LE, 0.02 chord, and 0.15 chord, respectively. Also, maximum velocity of the domain is increased three times of the free stream velocity on average for three investigated Reynolds numbers at the frequency and voltage of 12 kHz and 12 kV, respectively. Furthermore, the size of the wake area noticeably contracts due to the presence of the SDBD-PA. The results clearly indicate that the lift and drag coefficients as well as the lift-to-drag ratio fit a linear variation pattern with the frequency of actuation. The variation rate of the aforementioned parameters becomes steeper as the peak voltage of actuation increases. Highly nonlinear aerodynamic responses and significant interactions were demonstrated between the investigated parameters.
Regional concentration of university graduates: The role of high school grades and parental background
Authors: Eliasson Kent , Haapanen Mika , Westerlund Olle
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we analyse long-term changes in the regional distribution and migration flows of university graduates in Finland and Sweden. This study is based on detailed longitudinal population register data, including information on high school grades and parental background. We find a distinct pattern of skill divergence across regions in both countries over the last 3 decades. The uneven distribution of human capital has been reinforced by the mobility patterns of university graduates, for whom regional sorting by high school grades and parental background is evident. Our findings indicate that traditional measures of human capital concentration most likely underscore actual regional differences in productive skills.
Social Security Disability Benefits: Characteristics of the Approved and Denied Populations
Authors: Weaver David A.
Published: June 2020

Using new data from the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation, I estimate that about 24 million individuals between the ages of 18 and 66 years have applied for Social Security disability benefits at some point in their lives. This population is about evenly divided among those who have ever received benefits from the program (beneficiaries) and those who have been denied. Those who have been denied benefits have only somewhat more favorable health circumstances than beneficiaries. Furthermore, relative to the general working age population, I find that the denied group has a high rate of poor health, high levels of poverty, and limited earnings. I also examine subpopulations of the denied group, finding that those who have been denied Social Security but who have received Supplemental Security Income disability face less favorable circumstances and those who have been denied Social Security but who have received Veterans Affairs, Workers Compensation, or private disability benefits have more favorable circumstances. Currently, no federal program or policy specifically targets work, health, or poverty outcomes of the denied Social Security population. Possible initiatives to improve outcomes, however, would need to take into account the underlying health conditions and work capacity of the population documented in this study.
Classroom Management Through Student Choice and Democratic Practices: Part 1
Authors: Robison Tiger
Published: June 2020

Employing student choice and democratic practices are pillars of modern classroom management in a variety of settings, including elementary general music spaces. However, as curricula become larger and instructional times become shorter, there is a perhaps a temptation to resort to more teacher-centered management techniques in the perceived interest of saving time. This column, the seventh in a series about classroom management and the first of several about the particular topic of student choice and democratic practices, contains several techniques for teachers who are ready to cede some control of their classrooms at first in exchange for classrooms in which students perhaps feel more invested and help manage more autonomously. Specific techniques include preparing multiple activities to help teach a concept and establishing procedures for class choices of activities.
Rethinking Music Learning in the New Normal
Authors: Liu Chiao-Wei
Published: June 2020

Over the past few months, the pandemic has led to many changes across the world. What used to be a part of our daily routines (e.g., strolling in the park) suddenly becomes risky and dangerous. As many states issued stay-at-home orders to avoid unnecessary travel and potential spread of infection caused by close contact, many schools closed and migrated lessons to online platforms. Schools teachers are now expected to explore remote teaching resources to create engaging learning experiences. As many described the current situation as an impasse, I propose that this slowing down of time may be an opportunity for us to rethink what values and beliefs we bring into our classrooms. What really matters in music learning? I end this column with some ideas for your consideration as you plan for the next year’s curriculum.
Legally Minded Technical Communicators: A Case Study of a Legal Writing Course
Authors: Agboka Godwin Y.
Published: June 2020

Understanding the law and its impact on the practice of technical communication has been an important scholarly thread in technical and professional communication (TPC) for more than two decades. Technical communicators recognize the impact of their work on stakeholders as well as the potential liability issues associated with composing technical communication documents. While this scholarship is widespread, relatively few pedagogical resources are available to prepare students for success in a litigious world or to guide instructors in teaching legal writing. This article offers a case study of a legal writing course that prepares TPC students to develop legal literacy and succeed in the workplace.
Preservice Music Teacher Occupational Identity Development in an Early Field Experience
Authors: Tucker Olivia Gail
Published: June 2020

Occupational identity development is an important, complex component of music teacher education. Preservice teachers may experience dissonance between and/or integration of their musician and teacher identities, and scholars have found early field experiences to be important in undergraduates’ transitions into the teacher role. The purpose of this instrumental case study was to examine the occupational socialization and identity development of preservice music teachers in an early field teaching experience with a focus on preservice teacher and P–12 student interactions. I conducted observations, interviews, and a demographic survey during a semester-long early field experience. Findings centered around (a) the dynamic nature of preservice teachers’ identities; (b) the importance of peers, music teacher educators, and students to preservice participants as they engaged in the process of becoming music teachers, and (c) the momentary embodiment of music teacher and student roles. I connect these findings to prior research and suggest implications.
The material difference in human cognition
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A
Published: June 2020

Humans leverage material forms for unique cognitive purposes: We recruit and incorporate them into our cognitive system, exploit them to accumulate and distribute cognitive effort, and use them to recreate phenotypic change in new individuals and generations. These purposes are exemplified by writing, a relatively recent tool that has become highly adept at eliciting specific psychological and behavioral responses in its users, capability it achieved by changing in ways that facilitated, accumulated, and distributed incremental behavioral and psychological change between individuals and generations. Writing is described here as a self-organizing system whose design features reflect points of maximal usefulness that emerged under sustained collective use of the tool. Such self-organization may hold insights applicable to human cognitive evolution and tool use more generally. Accordingly, this article examines the emergence of the ability to leverage material forms for cognitive purposes, using the tool-using behaviors and lithic technologies of ancestral species and contemporary non-human primates as proxies for matters like collective use, generational sustainment, and the non-teleological emergence of design features.
Balancing Between Being Proactive and Neutral: School Nurses’ Experiences of Offering Human Papilloma Virus Vaccination to Girls
Authors: Runngren Eva , Eriksson Mats , Blomberg Karin
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of Swedish school nurses when they offered the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination to girls aged 10–12 years. Four focus groups with a total of 17 school nurses were conducted and analyzed using inductive content analysis. The results showed that the school nurses were balancing between keeping a neutral role and the need to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccination. They described the consent forms and information that they gave the girls and their parents to help them make an informed decision about the vaccination. There were also ethical and moral dilemmas that arose with regard to the HPV vaccinations. Our findings demonstrate the need to provide school nurses with clear guidelines and support, so they can play an active role in interacting with the girls and their parents when they offer the HPV vaccination.
The Influence of School-Based Family Counseling on Elementary Students and Their Families
Authors: Kelchner Viki P. , Campbell Laurie O. , Howard Cassandra C. , Bensinger Jasmine , Lambie Glenn W.
Published: June 2020

A family counseling intervention grounded in systemic family therapy was conducted in a Title I school-based setting with ( N = 48) kindergarten through sixth-grade student-clients and their primary caregivers. Families’ perception of family communication and satisfaction on the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale-IV was investigated to determine changes in the percentile score at three benchmarks. A repeated measure analysis of variance indicated a statistically significant difference over time in caregivers’ perception of family communication and satisfaction after 5 and 10 weeks. There was no difference in relationship to gender. School-based family counseling programs can contribute to improved family communication and satisfaction. School-based counselors can partner with institutions of higher education to provide free and accessible counseling for students and families in the greatest need.
Use of Embolectomy With Local Anesthesia for Anticoagulation Failure in Radial Artery Thrombosis
Authors: Yılmaz Metin , Sönmez Serkan , Uğur Oğuz , Gül Murat , Yıldırım Oğuz , Özkan Deniz , Aytekin Bahadır , İnce İlker
Published: June 2020

Objective:

Although prevention of radial artery thrombosis and cardiac complications after interventions using radial access is well investigated, there is yet no clinical study that completely evaluated access-related complications. However, there is still no consensus on what exact treatment should be used in these patients. In clinical practice, analgesic, anticoagulant, and antiplatelet treatments usually improve symptoms in patients with pain; however, in some patients, complaints may persist and may not respond to these treatments. In these patients, low-risk embolectomy with a small skin incision may be beneficial.

Methods:

A total of 102 patients with radial artery thrombosis after cardiac catheterization were included in the study between 2016 March and 2018 December. After the patients’ initial evaluation, anticoagulation with enoxaparin or tinzaparin and antiplatelet therapy with acetylsalicylic acid and oral/local analgesic/anti-inflammatory and local anesthetic therapy were administered for 1 month. Patients whose symptoms resolved after medical treatment were followed up as outpatients. Embolectomy was performed in consenting patients who did not respond to the medical treatment.

Results:

Of 102 patients included in the study, 33 underwent embolectomy, whereas 69 received only medical treatment. None of the patients experienced any complications, morbidity, or mortality in the peroperative period and during the medical treatment. The pretreatment symptom scores of patients who actively use their hands in daily life and profession were significantly higher than the scores of patients who are relatively less active ( P = .013). Pretreatment symptom scores were negatively correlated with age ( r = −0.584); symptom scores increased significantly with the decrease of patient age. No benefit from medical treatment and need for surgery was significantly greater in patients who are younger and use their hands actively in daily life and profession ( P = .028). The decrease in symptom scores after treatment was significantly greater in the surgical group than in the medical group ( P = .003).

Conclusion:

Radial access should be exercised with care in patients who may develop significant thrombosis-related complaints and it is necessary to decide whether radial access is essential. If patients have ongoing symptoms despite medical treatment, embolectomy can be considered as a treatment option.
Perceived Challenges for Rural Gifted Education
Authors: Lewis Katie D. , Boswell Cecelia
Published: June 2020

Rural communities and school systems are the heart of many states across the nation. Yet, many of the challenges facing rural gifted education remain unanswered. There is limited research or policy focused on gifted students, teachers of the gifted, or gifted programming in rural settings. Understanding how culture defines rural communities and influences educational decisions is key in overcoming challenges within gifted programs. This study seeks to explore some of the perceived challenges and the influence of rural culture in providing gifted services in four rural school districts in Texas. Findings highlight the struggles of rural gifted programs to identify and serve gifted students. These struggles fall into three categories: limited funding, limited time, and limited resources available for gifted programs.
Guiding Principles in Developing Equity-Driven Professional Learning for Educators of Gifted Children
Authors: Novak Angela M. , Lewis Katie D. , Weber Christine L.
Published: June 2020

Gifted education in the United States has a long history of underrepresentation of culturally, linguistically, and economically diverse (CLED) gifted students. Despite the many years of attention toward this pervasive problem, the gap in equity and access to gifted services for CLED students has not closed due to a variety of practices related to assessments, teacher referrals, and support structures. The authors contend that many issues stem from a common underlying cause: a lack of cultural knowledge and competency pertaining to gifted youth. This article presents guiding principles based in professional learning, equity, and gifted pedagogy for use in crafting training experiences: pulse-taking, establishing safe zones, individualizing professional learning plans, cultural training beyond surface-level, school/home connections, identifying grows and glows, and engaging in courageous conversations.
Are Our School-Aged Students With Gifts and Talents Struggling With Their Psychological Well-Being to a Greater Extent Than in the Past?
Authors: Cross Tracy L.
Published: June 2020

Over the past 10-15 years, parents, educators, counselors and others who work with or care for students with gifts and talents have expressed increasing concerns about the students’ psychological well-being. The stressors of today’s world offer one explanation for potentially more difficult experiences. The column includes steps that may be taken to help students with gifts and talents navigate the unfortunate experiences that will likely define their childhood and adolescence.
I Have an Idea I Need to Share: Using Technology to Enhance Brainstorming
Authors: Siegle Del
Published: June 2020

Technology can be used to enhance the popular ideation strategy of brainstorming by increasing the number of responses students produce and delaying their evaluation of responses. Padlet and Post-it are two free apps that educators can use to enhance collecting and organizing students’ responses during brainstorming sessions.
Design and modelling of auxetic double arrowhead honeycomb core sandwich panels for performance improvement under air blast loading
Authors: Chen Ganchao , Cheng Yuansheng , Zhang Pan , Liu Jun , Chen Changhai , Cai Sipei
Published: June 2020

In the present study, a 2D-based large-scale metallic auxetic double arrowhead honeycomb core sandwich panel (DAHSP) was proposed and its deformation response, energy dissipation characteristics and associated mechanisms under air blasts were investigated using a validated numerical model. It aims at the performance improvement of DAHSPs through the design of core relative density with respect to different strategies. The DAHSPs considered mainly experienced a local dome superimposed upon global deformation of front face and global deformation of back face, while the core webs were heavily buckled and progressively collapsed. The results confirmed the material concentration effect of DAH cores induced by the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). It was found that the panel deformation response was highly related to their deformation/failure mechanisms. Relative to core web thickness, the increase of number of core layers led to a more remarkable decrease in permanent deflections. However, the decline of inclined angles not always reduced the back face deflection due to the competition between enhanced bending stiffness and deteriorated local contact force. An ideal means to decrease the panel deformation is to enlarge the inclined angles at low relative density but to decrease the horizontal distance when the relative density increases to a high level. The panel with thinner core webs at low relative density and the panel with narrowed inclined angles at high relative density is more beneficial to plastic energy absorption. In addition, a core configuration with a thinner tendon but a thicker stuffer promoted the exploitation of NPR and further improved the panel energy absorption.
Retinal vein occlusion and chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis
Authors: Fang Li Jian , Dong Li , Li Yi Fan , Wei Wen Bin
Published: June 2020

Objectives:

We performed this meta-analysis to assess the correlation of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods:

We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library for population-based studies reporting the CKD as associated factor to RVO, central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Then we pooled the data for analysis.

Results:

After screening potential literature, 12 eligible studies with 23,656,214 individuals were finally included in quantitative synthesis. The pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CKD in RVO group was 10.9% (95% CI: 6.6%, 15.1%). The pooled prevalence of any RVO in end stage renal disease (ESRD) group was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.6%, 2.1%). The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in subjects diagnosed with RVO than non-RVO participants (odds ratio [OR]: 3.30; 95% CI: 2.28, 4.76; p < 0.001). CRVO subjects had a higher prevalence of CKD than BRVO patients (OR: 2.17; 95% CI: 1.28, 4.66; p = 0.004). In a similar manner, compared to non-ESRD subjects, ESRD patients had significantly higher prevalence of RVO (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.43; p < 0.001), CRVO (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 2.17, 3.15; p < 0.001) and BRVO (OR: 2.01; 95% CI: 1.76, 2.30; p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of CKD increases in RVO patients, especially in CRVO. And in turn, the prevalence of RVO also increases in ESRD patients. The data support a correlation of RVO and CKD.
Intracavitary electrocardiography for tip location during central venous catheterization: A narrative review of 70 years of clinical studies
Authors: Pittiruti Mauro , Pelagatti Filippo , Pinelli Fulvio
Published: June 2020

Intracavitary electrocardiography is an accurate and non-invasive method for central venous access tip location. Using the catheter as a traveling intracavitary electrode, intracavitary electrocardiography is based on the increase in the detected amplitude of the P wave while approaching the cavoatrial junction. Despite having been adopted diffusely in clinical practice only in the last years, this method is not novel. In fact, it has first been described in the late 40s, during electrophysiological studies. After a long period of quiescence, it is in the last two decades of the XX century that intracavitary electrocardiography became popular as an effective mean of central venous catheters tip location. But the golden age of this technique began with the new millennium, as documented by high-quality studies in this period. In fact, in those years, intracavitary electrocardiography has been studied broadly, and important achievements in terms of comprehension of the technique, accuracy, and feasibility of the method in different populations and conditions (i.e. pediatrics, renal patients, atrial fibrillation) have been gained. In this review, we describe the technique, its history, and its current perspectives.
Neratinib-Induced Duodenal Ulcer: A Case Report
Authors: Moftakhar Bahar , Kharel Prakash , Niraula Sujan , Gandhi Shipra , Falkson Carla , Dhakal Ajay
Published: June 2020

We report a case of a 37-year-old woman who developed a duodenal ulcer while receiving adjuvant neratinib for HER2 positive breast cancer. The clinical course of abdominal pain was strongly correlated with the use of neratinib. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of a large duodenal ulcer. Neratinib was stopped, and the patient was treated with a proton pump inhibitor. Repeat EGD performed 3 months later showed complete resolution of the duodenal ulcer. Given this unexpected serious adverse event and only modest benefit of neratinib in the adjuvant setting, the decision was made to forgo further treatment with neratinib. Physicians should be aware of the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects associated with neratinib and recognize that peptic ulcer disease may be another GI toxicity associated with neratinib use.
The prejudice first model and foreign policy values: racial and religious bias among conservatives and liberals
Authors: Hanania Richard , Trager Robert
Published: June 2020

Scholars who study public opinion and American foreign policy have accepted what Rathbun et al. (2016) call the “Vertical Hierarchy Model,” which says that policy attitudes are determined by more abstract moral ideas about right and wrong. This article turns this idea on its head by introducing the Prejudice First Model, arguing that foreign policy preferences and orientations are driven by attitudes toward the groups being affected by specific policies. Three experiments are used to test the utility of this framework. First, when conservatives heard about Muslims killing Christians, as opposed to the opposite scenario, they were more likely to support a humanitarian intervention and agree that the United States has a moral obligation to help those persecuted by their governments. Liberals showed no religious preference. When the relevant identity group was race, however, liberals were more likely to want to help blacks persecuted by whites, while conservatives showed no racial bias. In contrast, the degree of persecution mattered relatively little to respondents in either experiment, and the effects of moral foundations were shown to be generally weak relative to those of prejudice. In another experiment, conservatives adopted more isolationist policies after reading a text about the country becoming more liberal, as opposed to a paragraph that said the United States was a relatively conservative country. While not necessarily contradicting the Vertical Hierarchy Model, the results indicate that under most conditions the Prejudice First Model presents a better lens through which to understand how foreign policy preferences are formed.
Connecting to nature through tech? The case of the iNaturalist app
Authors: Altrudi Soledad
Published: June 2020

Self-defined as ‘an online social network of people sharing biodiversity information to help each other learn about nature’, iNaturalist is a mobile application whose primary goal is ‘to connect people to nature’, closely followed by the secondary goal of ‘generating scientifically valuable biodiversity data from these personal encounters’, which the founders believe can be achieved simultaneously with the primary goal in a self-reinforcing logic. Following an approach informed by media studies on wildlife photography and film, and science and technology studies as well as insights from interviews with users and participant observation in the Los Angeles area, this article makes the case that mobile applications such as iNaturalist sit at a tension because while they can ignite interest in the natural environment, they also prescriptively describe and normalize a ‘nature’ and an epistemology that are particular to the natural sciences.
Field investigation of wind–rain induced pressure on a low-rise building during Typhoon Haikui
Authors: Wang Xu , Huang Peng , Chen Zengshun , Peng Xinlai , Gu Ming
Published: June 2020

Due to the strike of wind-blown raindrops, the pressure caused by wind and rain on building facades is different from the action of wind-only. The wind–rain induced pressure during Typhoon Haikui (2012) was collected at three taps on the windward side of Tongji University experimental building which was located near the coast of East China Sea. The observed data during the storm was compared with both the data of normal wind events without rains and wind tunnel test. The results show that the presence of driving rains intensifies the wind effects acting on the windward side of the building. More specifically, the mean wind–rain induced pressure coefficients at the three locations of the experimental building are larger than those collected from the strong wind-only events and the wind tunnel test when the wind direction ranges from 110° to 130°. It was also found that the mean wind–rain induced pressure coefficients at each tap increase in magnitude with rainfall intensity and the distance between the pressure tap and the wall corner. Similarly, the fluctuating wind–rain induced pressure coefficients are larger in comparison to the wind-only pressure coefficients from the full-scale measurement and wind tunnel test. However, the coefficients decrease with the distance from the wall corner in the case of 80°–140° wind directions. In addition, it was found that Gamma distribution is a robust model to represent the probability distribution of the wind–rain induced pressure coefficients. High quality of pressure correlation was observed among three taps, regardless of the rainfall intensity. By contrast, the presence of driving rains slightly reduces the correlation of wind–rain induced pressure.
Using high-performance cementitious mortar and external prestressing for retrofitting of corroded reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Atta Ahmed , Taman Mohamed
Published: June 2020

The effect of using high-performance polypropylene fiber–reinforced cementitious mortar on reinforced concrete beam repair was presented in this article. Results of an experimental study for the flexural performance of 13 reinforced concrete beams were presented. The corrosion level, in terms of the mass loss of steel, was estimated to be 10% and 15%. Three non-strengthened specimens were tested as a reference: one control uncorroded specimen and two control specimens corroded with 10% and 15%. Ten specimens were strengthened using different techniques; replacement of the spilled concrete at the tension zone with 40-mm-thick high-performance polypropylene fiber–reinforced cementitious mortar, using external prestressing bars at the tension zone with adding 20-mm-thick high-performance polypropylene fiber–reinforced cementitious mortar at the compression zone, and a combination of these techniques. The prestressing reinforcing bars stress was chosen to be 0.25 fpy and 0.38 fpy for the corroded 10% specimens and 0.25 fpy for the corroded 15% specimens. A combination of 40-mm-thick high-performance polypropylene fiber–reinforced cementitious mortar at the tension side and external prestressing bars at the tension zone increased the specimen capacity by 15% and 34% compared with the uncorroded and 10% corroded control specimens, respectively. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of various strengthening techniques. An analytical model was proposed in order to give design guidelines.
Piezoelectric time delayed control for nonlinear vibration of nanobeams
Authors: Liu Canchang , Gong Qingmei , Zhou Yingchao , Zhou Changcheng
Published: June 2020

The nonlinear vibration effect of nanobeam and problem of the pull-in between the nanobeam and driven plate are the factors which prevent nano-resonator from improving the performance. The nonlinear governing differential equation is built by considering the axial force with piezoelectric controller. The piezoelectric time-delay electrostatic pull-in control is studied and the first-order approximate solution of nonlinear equation is gotten by using the method of multi-scale. The amplitude–frequency and phase frequency response equation of nonlinear vibration system are given for the primary resonance response of the nanobeam. The relationship between the control effect and feedback control parameters is studied. It is found that the piezoelectric time-delay control can change the critical voltage but not the critical position. The axial force can affect the performance of nanobeam.
A qualitative analysis of disclosure of parental incarceration to children in Singapore – Implications for best practice
Authors: Chiu Marcus YL , Lee Roy MH , Lye Reynard XW , Ganapathy Nithiamurugan S/O
Published: June 2020

Children are often the unintended victims of incarceration, and are frequently subjected to extreme hardship following the arrest of a parent, but their right to information is always compromised in the name of protection. Disclosure of incarceration can be equally challenging for both the family caregivers and the children. This paper presents the data from interviews about disclosure of incarceration, looking at how 10 caregiver–child dyadic pairs interacted and handled disclosure in the process. Disclosure is taken as a continuous process requiring the caregivers and the children to negotiate and make sense of it, rather than a static, one-off decision. Three dimensions of protection have been identified (i.e., protection from future blame, protection of the child, and protection of the inmate), together with the intent to use the disclosure for educational purposes. Although there was not a case where the children protested having limited or no information, they varied in their responses. A lack of interest in asking for essential information and intentional avoidance of the topic of parent’s incarceration have been observed in some children. Self-regulated submission by the child is a result of many factors, including a tacit demand to acknowledge parental authority and a caring intent not to add to the caregiver’s burdens. This article also highlights implications and recommendations for changing professional practice and policy guidelines to promote children’s rights and their healthy growth amidst the challenges of life.
“We belong to nature”: Communicating mental health in an indigenous context
Authors: Sørly Rita , Mathisen Vår , Kvernmo Siv
Published: June 2020

The approach to standardized services in Norwegian mental health care is tailored to the needs of the majority population, focusing on diagnoses and overshadows an approach that understands, values and emphasizes Sámi storytelling and everyday life. This study aims to contribute knowledge regarding the promotion of user involvement in mental health care from the perspectives of Sámi mental health care users. A narrative approach offers an opportunity to unravel an indigenous approach to mental health care and user involvement. People organize their storytelling according to culturally available narratives. This paper focuses on 9 Sámi men’s and women’s stories related to user involvement in mental health care services. Through a thematic analysis of personal stories, we emphasize how the participants make sense of their needs as patients in a culturally adapted mental health context and their experiences living in Sámi core areas. The following four themes are identified as prerequisites for user involvement in services: (1) the expectation of raising children to be independent, (2) the importance of accepting and recognizing the Sámi identity, (3) the need to live in close relations with nature and family, and 4) the right to be in the Sámi mode. Based on the results of our analysis, we find that user involvement among Sámi mental health care users is related to important Sámi values and norms within the culture and that treatment without these important values ​​could adversely affect user involvement in mental health services.
Structural damage identification via physics-guided machine learning: a methodology integrating pattern recognition with finite element model updating
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Sun Chao
Published: June 2020

Structural health monitoring methods are broadly classified into two categories: data-driven methods via statistical pattern recognition and physics-based methods through finite elementmodel updating. Data-driven structural health monitoring faces the challenge of data insufficiency that renders the learned model limited in identifying damage scenarios that are not contained in the training data. Model-based methods are susceptible to modeling error due to model idealizations and simplifications that make the finite element model updating results deviate from the truth. This study attempts to combine the merits of data-driven and physics-based structural health monitoring methods via physics-guided machine learning, expecting that the damage identification performance can be improved. Physics-guided machine learning uses observed feature data with correct labels as well as the physical model output of unlabeled instances. In this study, physics-guided machine learning is realized with a physics-guided neural network. The original modal-property based features are extended with the damage identification result of finite element model updating. A physics-based loss function is designed to evaluate the discrepancy between the neural network model output and that of finite element model updating. With the guidance from the scientific knowledge contained in finite element model updating, the learned neural network model has the potential to improve the generality and scientific consistency of the damage detection results. The proposed methodology is validated by a numerical case study on a steel pedestrian bridge model and an experimental study on a three-story building model.