bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY INDEX (ESSI)
Authors: Faisal Amna , Tunaboylu Bahadir , Koyuncu Ismail
Published: July 2020

Sustainable development and globalization are becoming important subjects for policy makers to formulate the worldwide strategies and rubrics for ensuring simultaneous adoption of its components and monitoring of its consequences. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) published by United Nations are the guidelines to incorporate the assurance of sustainable development and its globalization. This study analyzes the sustainability from the perspective of not just the environment and the ecosystem of globe but also from the health and social aspects of humans. Indexes such as Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and Social progress Imperative (SPI) measure the performance of different countries based on the environment and the ecosystem by following Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and social goals, separately. However, the parameters used in those indices have significant limitations. In this work, the proposed Environmental and Social Sustainability Index (ESSI) offers a new model whereby new relevant sustainability parameters including social progress indicators are used to measure the performance of countries based on SDGs by using reliable data from international organizations. Finally, countries are categorized according to sustainable development goals that highlight the importance and significance of each sustainability parameter especially for developing and under developed nations.
Internet, gaming, and smartphone usage patterns of children and adolescents in Korea: A c-CURE clinical cohort study
Authors: Jo Yeong Seon , Bhang Soo Young , Choi Jung-Seok , Lee Hae Kook , Lee Seung Yup , Kweon Yong-Sil
Published: July 2020

Background and aim

Whereas many studies on Internet gaming disorder (IGD) have used self-report questionnaires, only a few have adopted clinical interviews and samples. The current study aimed at using data from face-to-face diagnostic interviews, based on the criteria for IGD in the DSM-5, to determine the Internet, gaming, and smartphone usage patterns of children and adolescents.

Methods

A latent class analysis was conducted using data collected through diagnostic interviews for Internet, gaming, and smartphone addiction with 190 participants (M = 13.14 years, SD = 2.46; 143 boys, 47 girls) who were part of a multicenter clinical cohort study.

Results

Participants were classified into four groups: pleasure-seeking (Class 1), internal-use (Class 2), problematic-use (Class 3), and pathological-use (Class 4). The pleasure-seeking group (8.11%) showed low tendencies in general and proper control. The internal-use group (17.63%) showed significant increases in “cognitive salience” and “craving,” with strong internal desires. The problematic-use group (37.28%) had no “interference with role performance”; however, they displayed “difficulty regulating use” and “persistent use despite negative consequences,” with a slight functional impairment. The pathological-use group (36.98%) scored the highest on all these items, revealing a severe functional impairment. Compared to the other groups, the pathological-use group had the highest depression and daily stress levels and displayed the lowest levels of happiness.

Conclusions

This study provides basic data to elucidate Internet, gaming, and smartphone overuse patterns among children and adolescents, which could be used to develop differentiated intervention strategies for each group.
Inhibitory neuromodulation of the putamen to the prefrontal cortex in Internet gaming disorder: How addiction impairs executive control
Authors: Wang Min , Dong Haohao , Zheng Hui , Du Xiaoxia , Dong Guang-Heng
Published: July 2020

Background and aims

Individuals with addictive disorders are usually characterized by impaired executive control, persistent craving and excessive reward-seeking. However, it is unclear whether there is a deviation in the connection pattern among the neural systems implicated in these problem behaviors.

Methods

One hundred thirty-six online gaming players were recruited in the current study (68 Internet gaming disorder (IGD) subjects and 68 recreational game users (RGUs) who served as controls matched on age, sex, years of education, and years of gaming). Dynamic interactions among the reward system (striatum), control system (prefrontal cortex), and the interoceptive awareness system (insula) were calculated and compared when subjects were facing gaming cues.

Results

The results revealed that RGUs showed a significant positive correlation in the putamen-middle frontal gyrus (MFG)-insula neural pathway when facing gaming cues, which was missing in the IGD subjects. Additionally, dynamic causal modeling (DCM) analysis revealed that the MFG region was more inhibited by the putamen in the IGD subjects relative to the RGUs.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that the inhibitory neuromodulation of the putamen to the prefrontal cortex in IGD individuals undermines the balance among the tripartite systems. Our findings provide novel neurobiological evidence for understanding the internal connection bias of the addicted individual’s neural system and how the addictive disorder impairs executive control; consequently, the pathway from the striatum to the prefrontal cortex may serve as a potential biomarker to predict the risk of developing an addiction.
Relationship between Internet addiction, susceptible personality traits, and suicidal and self-harm ideation in Chinese adolescent students
Authors: Kuang Li , Wang Wo , Huang Yan , Chen Xiaorong , Lv Zhen , Cao Jun , Ai Ming , Chen Jianmei
Published: July 2020

Background and aims

Internet addiction (IA) is common among young students. This study aimed to examine the influence and mechanisms of IA and susceptible personality traits on the impact of suicidal ideation in adolescent students in China.

Methods

This cross-sectional study (09/2012–09/2015) used stratified cluster sampling with “school type” for stratification; 136,266 students from 63 schools completed the questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the effect of IA (Young's Internet Addiction Test) and susceptible personality (Barratt impulsiveness scale, Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire; and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-R Short Scale) on suicidal ideation (Scale of Suicidal Ideation).

Results

Suicidal ideation was observed in 20,218 (14.77%) of the students, and IA was detected in 28,836 (21.16%) subjects. Compared with those without IA, students with IA had a higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (P< 0.0001). No planning impulsiveness had a predictive effect on suicidal ideation in the impulsive personality trait, while in the aggressive personality trait, hostility and self-aggression had a predictive effect on suicidal ideation (allP< 0.0001). High psychoticism and neuroticism were impact factors for suicidal ideation, but extroversion was a protective factor (allP< 0.0001).

Discussion

These results highlight the importance of assessing personality traits and reducing IA as a possible means of lessening suicidal ideation. Susceptible personality (such as high psychoticism, high neuroticism, and low extroversion) play a prominent role in influencing the probability of having suicidal behavior among those recently exposed to IA.

Conclusions

IA and susceptible personality traits were significantly correlated with suicidal and self-harm ideation among adolescent students.
The Smoke of Satan on the Silver Screen
Authors: Doherty Bernard
Published: July 2020

The Second Vatican Council (1962-1965) is seen by many conservative Roman Catholics as a decisive turning-point in a wider history of a diabolically-inspired conspiracy against the Church. One facet of this has been a heightened interest in such circles in preternatural phenomena particularly demonic possession-especially as such phenomena locate the Roman Catholic Church as a central player in wider cosmic and salvific events. This article explores the growing interest in possession over the past half-century and how pre-conciliar Roman Catholic imagery and themes-both visual and theological-including traditional Marian devotion and piety; preternatural phenomena surrounding manifestations of evil; the theology of vicarious and atoning suffering; the vocational insecurity of the Catholic priest and the existence of a Satanic conspiracy of evil, have been utilised in Catholic horror films from the late 1960s through to the present and how an understanding of the historical and theological resonance of these themes amongst traditionalist Roman Catholics can elucidate aspects of the appeal these films have had amongst Roman Catholics in the post-Vatican II era.
A discursividade evangélica e alguns de seus efeitos: laço social, psicopatologia e impasses teóricos e transferenciais
Authors: Binkowski Gabriel Inticher , Rosa Miriam Debieux , Baubet Thierry
Published: July 2020

Discutimos neste artigo a presença do discurso evangélico entre pacientes de serviços de saúde mental e de atenção psicossocial, nas características de tal fenômeno religioso e de suas possibilidades de transformar a vida de sujeitos, famílias e grupos ao ligá-los a uma modalidade bastante peculiar de discursividade religiosa. Como viemos pesquisando essas questões na França e no Brasil, propomos duas vinhetas clínicas (de um caso acompanhado em cada um desses países) para pensar sobre o tipo de transformação subjetiva e psíquica que esse laço religioso provoca, em como ele afeta o enlace transferencial e nas dificuldades que o mesmo pode provocar para profissionais que atuam sobre a subjetividade. Para isso, levantamos alguns dos pontos nodais das leituras psicanalíticas sobre religião e religiosidade, naquilo que aparece da coisa religiosa na gênese da vida psíquica, no sujeito, nos grupos, na cultura e na política.
Making sense of the subjective experience of others
Authors: Banzato Claudio E. M. , Zorzanelli Rafaela T.
Published: July 2020

In this article, we address some conceptual issues that are logically prior to the constitution of any psychopathology. We explore ontological and epistemological aspects of subjective experience, rejecting both Cartesianism and behaviorism, and favoring the Wittgensteinian notion of criterial support instead. Then, we discuss the disanalogy between knowledge of other minds and our knowledge of anything else. Based on the arguments by Eilan’s that the “communication claim” should replace the “observation claim,” we defend that there is a kind of knowledge that is irreducibly founded on intersubjectivity (that is, knowledge of persons is knowledge for two) and point out to implications it may have for psychopathology.
Freud, materialista mecanicista às últimas consequências
Authors: Bocca Francisco Verardi
Published: July 2020

Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o estatuto epistemológico da psicanálise criada por Freud. Ela foi desenvolvida por meio de um confronto crítico ao enquadramento de sua metapsicologia no marco do que alguns autores chamaram vitalismo, que teria sido resultado de um desvio em relação à sua formação acadêmica ao retomar e atualizar o vitalismo do século XIX por meio da noção de Trieb. Em resposta, este artigo recoloca em discussão alguns temas como o ambiente de formação científica de Freud, o estatuto da noção de Trieb - que considera convencional e entrópica - e, por fim, recorrendo a Canguilhem, enquadra a metapsicologia de Freud no marco do materialismo mecanicista elevado às últimas consequências, o que teria sido de fato resultado de seu verdadeiro procedimento epistemológico além de sua mais ousada e refinada contribuição científica à época.
Rapports entre mot, image et chose dans le processus de subjectivation
Authors: Patiño-Lakatos Gabriela
Published: July 2020

Cet article propose une réflexion sur le recouvrement sémiologique et sur le refoulement de l'image dans la conceptualisation du signe linguistique. Après Freud, une lecture lacanienne - et une relecture de Lacan - permet de reformuler la réflexion sur les rapports entre le mot, l'image et la chose. A partir des trois registres du symbolique, de l'imaginaire et du réel, l'on peut penser le fonctionnement de l'image comme signe à condition que celle-ci appelle l'articulation d'un texte dont elle puisse, à un moment donné, devenir le signifié. L'image garde cependant une liberté fondamentale au regard de ce que le texte ne peut pas dire. L'article conclut avec quelques considérations sur les frontières instables entre le mot et l'image: des processus où tantôt le signifiant est traité comme image, tantôt l'image se rapproche du signifiant sans le devenir, tantôt elle défait le signifiant pour le libérer, le remotiver et le mettre à figurer.
Prevalence of abnormalities in electrocardiogram conduction in dialysis patients: a comparative study
Authors: Ajam Firas , Akoluk Arda , Alrefaee Anas , Campbell Natasha , Masud Avais , Mehandru Sushil , Patel Mayukumar , Asif Arif , Carson Michael P.
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT Background: The electrocardiogram (ECG) can aid in identification of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients at high risk for cardiovascular diseases. Cohort studies describe ECG abnormalities in patients on hemodialysis (HD), but we did not find data comparing ECG abnormalities among patients with normal kidney function or peritoneal dialysis (PD) to those on hemodialysis. We hypothesized that ECG conduction abnormalities would be more common, and cardiac conduction interval times longer, among patients on hemodialysis vs. those on peritoneal dialysis and CKD 1 or 2. Methods: Retrospective review of adult inpatients’ charts, comparing those with billing codes for “Hemodialysis” vs. inpatients without those charges, and an outpatient peritoneal dialysis cohort. Patients with CKD 3 or 4 were excluded. Results: One hundred and sixty-seven charts were reviewed. ECG conduction intervals were consistently and statistically longer among hemodialysis patients (n=88) vs. peritoneal dialysis (n=22) and CKD stage 1 and 2 (n=57): PR (175±35 vs 160±44 vs 157±22 msec) (p=0.009), QRS (115±32 vs. 111±31 vs 91±18 msec) (p=0.001), QT (411±71 vs. 403±46 vs 374±55 msec) (p=0.006), QTc (487±49 vs. 464±38 vs 452±52 msec) (p=0.0001). The only significantly different conduction abnormality was prevalence of left bundle branch block: 13.6% among HD patients, 5% in PD, and 2% in CKD 1 and 2 (p=0.03). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report that ECG conduction intervals are significantly longer as one progresses from CKD Stage 1 and 2, to PD, to HD. These and other data support the need for future research to utilize ECG conduction times to identify dialysis patients who could potentially benefit from proactive cardiac evaluations and risk reduction.
Intervenções em saúde mental em tempos de COVID-19: scoping review
Authors: Moreira Wanderson Carneiro , Sousa Kayo Henrique Jardel Feitosa , Sousa Anderson Reis de , Santana Thiago da Silva , Zeitoune Regina Célia Gollner , Nóbrega Maria do Perpétuo Socorro de Sousa
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: mapear as evidências sobre intervenções em saúde mental implementadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Método: scoping review realizada nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, Web Of Science, PsycINFO e Science Direct e nos servidores de preprints medRxiv, bioRxiv e PsyArXiv, usando os descritores “COVID-19”, “coronavirus infection”, “coronavirus”, “2019-nCoV”, “2019 novel coronavirus disease”, “SARS-CoV-2”, “health personnel”, “general public” e “mental health”. Resultados: Oito artigos foram selecionados e categorizados em: intervenções em saúde mental à população, dentre as quais intervenções em saúde mental às pessoas com diagnóstico de suspeita/confirmado de COVID-19 e intervenções em saúde mental aos profissionais de saúde. Conclusão: evidenciou-se como intervenções o telemonitoramento, jogos virtuais e estratégias focalizadas no suporte social e em técnicas de relaxamento muscular, caracterizadas como não farmacológicas e de baixo custo, que por mostrarem-se eficazes, precisam ser incentivadas e incluídas em práticas de atenção à saúde mental.
Salinas insulares. Sal en Canarias en el Antiguo Régimen
Authors: Santana-Pérez Juan Manuel
Published: July 2020

Resumen: Analizamos el papel de la sal en las Islas del Atlántico medio, en este ejemplo el caso de Canarias, donde contaba con elementos favorables para la producción: sol, viento, poca lluvia y un inmenso océano que la rodea, sin embargo, necesitaba importar sal. El periodo cronológico que estudiamos es el Antiguo Régimen (siglos XVI-XVIII). En esas centurias se fabricaron salinas en el archipiélago mayormente destinadas a la conservación de alimento, sobre todo, de pescados que eran capturados en el banco pesquero canario-sahariano. Indagamos la comercialización del producto, los contactos con la Corona portuguesa, por la estrecha relación que tuvo en este tiempo con las otras islas de la Macaronesia, Azores, Madeira y Cabo Verde y, también nos interesamos por conocer los proyectos ilustrados, que como en muchos otros terrenos, terminaron en fracaso o nunca llegaron a hacerse.
O lado sombrio de Thomas Jefferson: formação jurídica, direitos naturais e jus positivismo (1760-1779)
Authors: Pinheiro Marcos Sorrilha
Published: July 2020

Resumo: Thomas Jefferson é o pai fundador com maior reconhecimento fora dos EUA. Isso se deve à associação que seu nome possui com a Declaração de Independência. Tal relação faz com que todos os significados atribuídos ao documento, considerado precursor dos direitos humanos, emprestem a seu autor essas mesmas qualidades. Por conta disso, atribui-se a Jefferson uma concepção jus naturalista dos direitos. Frente a tal quadro, o presente artigo oferece uma visão alternativa do personagem, partindo da hipótese de que sua formação jurídica contribuiu para sua adesão a uma concepção pragmática sobre os seres humanos e seus direitos, vendo nas leis positivadas um peso maior do que nos direitos criados pelo Deus da natureza. Tal interpretação permite lançar novos olhares sobre alguns de seus escritos, como: Summary view of the rights of Britsh America (1774); Declaração de Independência (1776); e Bill for establishing religious freedom (1779).
Animismo no Chaco do século XVIII
Authors: Felippe Guilherme Galhegos
Published: July 2020

Resumo: O artigo busca demonstrar que, para além dos transtornos práticos e técnicos, o que realmente ocasionou adversidades na empresa apostólica entre os jesuítas e os índios do Chaco foi o distanciamento provocado pela ontologia do naturalismo moderno que, além de negar a possibilidade de os nativos não a compartilharem, ignorava a capacidade de possuírem seu próprio sistema de relações não cartesianas, dualistas e objetivistas. Contudo, isso não impediu que os próprios jesuítas registrassem traços do animismo em suas cartas. Ao tentar descrever o indígena como o mau resultado de uma vida infiel e não civilizada, relatando narrativas mitológicas e interpretações nativas sobre o mundo, produziram evidências de uma sociabilidade generalizada no Chaco.
Improving the lateral load resistance of vernacular masonry walls subject to flooding
Authors: Platt Shawn L. , Erandi Indunil , Jayasinghe Chintha , Jayasinghe Thishan , Maskell Daniel , Ranasinghe Gihan , Walker Peter
Published: July 2020

Low-rise vernacular masonry buildings are vulnerable to damage from extreme flooding. This paper presents findings from a study based in Sri Lanka assessing the structural resilience of non-engineered single-storey houses constructed with either fired clay brickwork or cement block masonry walls. A structural survey of flood-damaged houses enabled characterisation of masonry materials, and development of proposals to improve the lateral load capacity of masonry walls. The structural survey revealed that a combination of low-quality masonry units and variable thickness of mortar beds may have contributed to flexural failure due to the hydrostatic pressures during flood events. An experimental programme investigated the impact of differing masonry units and mortar thickness on masonry properties under dry and saturated conditions. A simple retrofit method has been developed, using reinforced renders, that enhances sectional flexural capacity by over 11 times, offering greater resilience to lateral flood loads. The impact of this research study will have direct welfare benefits for Sri Lankan people living in flood-risk areas, reducing the risk of structural collapse and enabling people to remain safely in their homes during flood events.
Relationally integrated value networks for total asset management in project portfolios
Authors: Madhusanka Nandun , Kumaraswamy Mohan M , Pan Wei , Chan Sam Y S
Published: July 2020

Relationally integrated value networks for total asset management (Rivans-Tam) have been recommended by scholars as a vehicle to integrate the stakeholders of project management (PM) and of asset management (Am), covering the entire life cycle of a built asset. This paper presents a scoping and exploratory pilot study to test a further proposition that expands the basic Rivans-Tam concept to encompass portfolio management, to benefit asset-intensive organisations holding a large portfolio of ongoing construction projects and operational built assets. Accordingly, it establishes a strong theoretical underpinning based on previously validated research exercises on Rivans-Tam and previous applications of social network analysis (SNA) for Rivans-Tam and developed from in-depth high-level semi-structured interviews with six industry professionals with relevant expertise and experience. The outcomes broaden the theoretical base of Rivans-Tam, also highlighting its practical potential to empower total portfolio management (TPM). This TPM perspective expands the hitherto ‘single asset’-focused Rivans-Tam concept and related SNA methods to a wider portfolio of both ongoing construction projects and operational built assets. Moreover, the consolidated findings contribute substantially to practice by providing a basis to overcome the main challenges and unlock the potential synergies from ‘overall best value’-focused relational integration of hitherto disconnected diverse stakeholders.
Building ecological cultural networks: engaging with communities through data
Authors: Derbyshire Alan
Published: July 2020

Architects, developers and other built environment stakeholders are beginning to utilise data in shaping the processes of the designing, planning and managing of existing and future urban developments. Including cultural variables within such processes can be a complex affair, however it is these local elements that are intrinsic to forming identity and placeness. This paper addresses the potential to identify and build local and regional networks of good practice relating to ecological development. The study considers the potential for mining specific data within urban communities in the Boka Kotorska region of Montenegro as a means of appraising sustainable urban evolution. The author explores the possible benefits of combining community-generated data and environmental factors to establish a more resilient and place-centred model of urban development. The proposed assessment method involves collecting data from related communities by adopting practical and inclusive models of evaluation. These models can then be transposed onto global mapping applications such as Google Maps to give local and regional ‘snap shots’ of urban ecological health.
Changes in health risk associated with air pollution and policy response effectiveness, Richards Bay, South Africa
Authors: Okello Nick O. , Okello Tom W. , Zunckel Mark
Published: July 2020

Lung and bronchus cancer, asthma, acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI), ischemic heart diseases (IHD), cerebrovascular diseases (CEV) are disorders that have been widely associated with air pollution. More so, research shows that more than 5.5 million people die prematurely every year due to household and outdoor air pollution placing it as the fourth highest-ranking risk factor for death globally (Forouzanfar et al., 2015).

Setting a minimum emission standard for industrial sources is a way to control air pollution and to minimize adverse impacts on people. With an aim to ascertain pollution policy intervention effectiveness, this study uses the case of Richards Bay to determine changes in health risk associated with air quality pollution exposure and the benefits of policy intervention. The study looks at trends of mortality in the last 20 years, the change in the ranking of 6 air-related mortality causes and Year of Life Lost (YLL) as a result of pollution. Results indicate a 24% decrease in the YLL due to air quality related diseases since 2009 when minimum emission standards were promulgated. The decrease can be observed across all age groups except for the 15-24-year-old, where cases of asthma and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) are the major mortality drivers. The adults and the older generation are now living slightly longer, although cases of CEV in that generation as well as the younger generation is still an issue that requires continuous monitoring and intervention. The study concludes that there is an improvement that could be attributed to policy implementation. However, the increase in mortality due to certain disease cases such as cancer of the bronchus and lung whose onset could be prior to 2010 signifies that the pollution control efforts need to continue and be stepped up. The increase of ALRI, which adversely affects children, is of concern
Posture Verbs in Igbo
Authors: Okoye Adaobi Ngozi
Published: July 2020

Studies on posture verbs in other languages suggest that speakers use posture verbs to describe the position of objects thus revealing the varied conceptualization of entities in space among languages. Despite these diverse conceptualizations, the studies have identified the verbs sit; stand and lie as key members of the posture verb class (Newman 2002, Lemmens 2002, Atintono 2012). In the present study, verbs that indicate the positions of entities in space are explored in the Igbo language. The study specifically seeks to identify the members of this verb class, ascertain if there are specific conceptualizations that can affect the posture used within a given context in addition to determining whether the verbs apply to animate and inanimate entities. Data for the study were elicited from native speakers of the Igbo language adapting the Max Plancks picture series for positional verbs comprising series of photographs of objects in specific configurations. Other strategies devised by the researcher also formed sources of data for the study. From the analysis of the collected data, the initial findings of the study show that nò̩du̩ ‘sit’, kwu̩ru̩ ‘stand, dinà ‘lie’ , tú̩kwù̩ ‘squat’ amongst others constitute Igbo verbs denoting posture. In addition, the study posits multiple verbs for different varieties of the Igbo posture verb dinà ‘lie’.
On Expansion and Features of Word-formation between English and Chinese New Words
Authors: Yu Rongmei
Published: July 2020

The most important tool for expressing thoughts and communicating information among people--- language has emerged some main changes as the development of modern science and technology. Thousands of new words have emerged in both English and Chinese. Their emergence reflects the new things; new thoughts and new ideas appeared in the fast developing society. This paper starts with the history of the study of word-formation, analyzes the main methods of word-formation of new words of English and Chinese, then compares their features of word-formation. Although English and Chinese belong to the different language system, their main methods of word-formation are the same. The reason leading to the distinction is the difference of each other’s culture, history and tradition. The biggest difference between them is: English is phonogram, but Chinese lays stress on matching the meaning. This also makes them show remarkable differences in absorbing and assimilating the loanwords. Using abundant examples and materials, the paper expounds the similarities and differences between them in different aspects, According to the study of these comparisons, it will do favor for us to find out English and Chinese new words’ features and their trend of development.
A Commentary on English Translation of “Wen Fu”
Authors: Jin Yingying
Published: July 2020

Since the middle of the 20th century, “Wen Fu” has been translated into the Western world by many Chinese and foreign translators, which vastly promoted the spread and acceptance of ancient Chinese literary theory in the West and was of great significance to facilitate the exchange and cooperation between Chinese and foreign academic circles on the study of “Wen Fu”. By the comparison of Sam Hamill’s and Stephen Owen’s English versions of “Wen Fu”, this paper is designed to explore the translators’ translation purpose, analyze the differences in translation strategies, and expound the discrepancies in word selection so as to extend the existing studies of “Wen Fu”.
Space and Politics of Identity in “Eli, the Fanatic”
Authors: Chen Tianyu
Published: July 2020

In Philip Roth’s short story “Eli, the Fanatic”, the construction of Eli’s cultural identity is interwoven with the game of space. Space not only represents the change of Eli’s cultural identity, but also participates in its constitution as dynamics. Eli, representing the Americanized Jews of Woodenton, tried to marginalize the Jewish culture through isolating and encoding the physical space where the displaced persons temporarily dwelt. Shuttling between Woodenton and the Yeshivah, Eli was caught between American culture and Jewish culture. He was trapped into a liminal space full of cultural collision, which caused him to reconsider his location of culture. The implosion of liminal space triggered by Eli’s ambivalence about two cultures urged him to conduct spatial practice on his body, which indicated his embrace of Jewish identity. The fluidity of Eli’s cultural identity reflects Roth’s nonessential thought on cultural identity.
A Comparative Analysis of the Causes of the Heroine's Tragedy in Tess of the D'Urbervilles and A Rose for Emily
Authors: Zhang Xiaotong , Li Yihui
Published: July 2020

From the perspective of feminist theory, this paper absorbs and inherits the existing research results, makes a deep interpretation of the two works, and makes a richer comparison and exploration of the tragic causes of Tess and Emily, which is conducive to a better understanding of the value of the works, revealing the significance of the works, and hoping to provide a new perspective to think for the study of their works and calling on the society to recognize the female subject status and self-identity, then to get rid of the shackles of traditional thoughts and to master the fate of themselves.
Analysis of treatment outcomes in patients with progressive locally advanced non-resectable and disseminated medullary thyroid cancer receiving vandetanib outside of clinical trials (Russian experience)
Authors: Romanov I. S. , Mudunov А. М. , Podvyaznikov S. О. , Ignatova А. V. , Alymov Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

The study objective is to perform retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of vandetanib for metastatic and non-resectable medullary thyroid cancer in routine clinical practice. Materials and methods. We analyzed treatment outcomes in 46 patients treated with vandetanib. We also evaluated progression-free survival, overall survival, time to progression, and frequency of adverse events. Results. At a median follow-up time of 27.4 months (range: 2.5–106.5 months) and median duration of vandetanib therapy of 21 months, disease progression was registered in 32.6 % of cases, whereas stable disease was observed in 28.3 % of cases and 8.7 % of study participants demonstrated partial response. One patient had complete response to treatment. Almost one-third of patients (28.2 %) died, including 2 individuals whose death was not associated with cancer. The one-year and three-year progression-free survival rates were 67.3 % and 33.3 %, respectively; the two-year and five-year overall survival rates were 82.4 % and 29.4 %, respectively. The efficacy of therapy was confirmed by a 79.4 % decrease in the serum level of calcitonin after treatment initiation. Side effects were observed in 33.9 % of patients (primarily skin and gastrointestinal toxic reactions) and were easily managed in most of the cases. Eight individuals (17.4 %) required cessation of vandetanib due to adverse events. Conclusion. Our findings suggest high efficacy and acceptable safety profile of vandetanib in the treatment of progressive locally advanced non-resectable and disseminated medullary thyroid cancer
Antibiotic prophylaxis for head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Guz A. O. , Fatkullin D. M. , Garev A. V. , Zakharov A. S. , Sokolova M. I. , Alekseeva A. P.
Published: July 2020

This review analyzes the research data concerning the problem of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) of wound infections after various surgeries forhead and neck tumors. In patients with clean wounds, ABP should be used in exceptional cases only (for example, if the patient has any riskfactors), otherwise it should be avoided. A short ABP course is recommended for patients with clean-contaminated wounds; however highrisk patients may require a prolonged course. There is some evidence of ABP efficacy in patients with non-contaminated wounds after cervical lymphadenectomy. When choosing a drug for ABP, a doctor should consider the site of surgery and the risk of wound contamination. Theoptimal drugs after head and neck surgeries include first- and second-generation cephalosporins, ampicillin in combination with sulbactam,metronidazole, and clindamycin. First- and second-generation cephalosporins in combination with metronidazole are preferable, but if thewound is infected with gram-positive bacteria, it is necessary to use clindamycin monotherapy. Reconstructive surgeries with a free flap require a short course of ABP with one of the following combinations: cefazolin + metronidazole, cefuroxime + metronidazole, or ampicillin + sulbactam; if the patient is allergic to beta-lactams, clindamycin can be used. Despite the availability of standard ABP regimens, a surgeonmust apply a tailored approach when choosing an ABP regimen for each patient, taking into account risk factors and the volume of surgery.
Combination of Forestier’s disease and laryngeal cancer: a rare clinical case
Authors: Zaytsev А. М. , Polyakov А. P. , Ratushny М. V. , Kobyletskaya Т. М. , Kisariev S. А. , Sugaipov А. L. , Kirsanova О. N.
Published: July 2020

The objective of the scientific report is to describe a rare clinical case of a combination of Forestier’s disease (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis) and laryngeal cancer that have common symptoms. Case report. A 68-year-old male patient presented with hoarseness lasting for a year. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a vocal fold tumor. Histological examination confirmed well-differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. A 6-cm tumor was located in the projection of the right vocal fold and had no signs of invasion into the supraglottis, subglottis, and anterior commissure. No other focal disorders were detected. The patient has undergone endolaryngeal laser resection of the larynx and tracheostomy. After probe removal, the patient had swallowing difficulties with esophageal content passing to the trachea mainly due to organic changes in the cervical spine at the СЗ–С4 level, where there was a massive local calcification of the anterior longitudinal ligament. We also noticed severe movement restriction in the cervical spine: the amplitude of movements did not exceed 10°. The formation of the C3–C4 segment was removed via ventrolateral approach. Conclusion. Dysphagia, dysphonia, and dyspnea may indicate both malignant tumor and large osteophyte causing compression of the trachea and esophagus. In this case, no symptom resolution after tumor removal led to the suspicion of a second disease, namely Forestier’s disease.
«Pope for Ukraine»: Humanitarian Aid from Vatican to Ukraine in the Face of Russian Aggression
Authors: Sukhobokova Olha
Published: July 2020

The methodology of scientific research is based on general scientific and special historical methods, taking into account the basic principles of historical knowledge: historicism, science, objectivity,systematization. The principles of historicism and science have made it possible to recreate the circumstances and the process of raising funds and providing humanitarian aid to Ukraine by the Vatican. The principle of objectivity allowed us to critically analyze the source base, which was based on publications in the Ukrainian-language and Italian-language press and online publications. The principle of systematization allowed us to form a holistic picture of the Vatican’s assistance to Ukrainian citizens affected by hostilities in the east of the country.

The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time, on the basis of a wide source base, the reasons, course and results of the Vatican’s humanitarian action «Pope for Ukraine» are comprehensively considered. The author concludes that the assistance under the program was provided to the Ukrainian population in the frontline territories and the territory not controlled by Ukraine, in a number of regions of Ukraine, where migrants from the war-torn Luhansk and Donetsk moved. It was implemented by the technical committee and the secretariat both through partner organizations and certain local projects (for example, the reconstruction of social facilities in frontline cities), and provided targeted to families or individuals. The main areas of the assistance were solving urgent household problems of migrants and the population near and along the front line (heating and insulation of the house in winter, clothing), medical services and medicines, food, drinking water, basic necessities etc. Priority was given to children, large families, retirees, people with disabilities and other most vulnerable groups. In total, more than 881,000 Ukrainians were covered by the Vatican help during the whole period of the action. At the same time, the article focuses on the political and diplomatic significance of the «Pope for Ukraine» campaign, which has become a powerful signal to the European Union and the world to support Ukraine and counter Russian armed aggression.
Bifurcation in the Process of European Integration under the Influence of a Pandemic
Authors: Martynov Andrii
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus pandemic has become the most serious challenge since the European Union’s existence. The challenge is complex. The first blow was struck on four freedoms: movement of capital, goods, labor and services. Discontinuing production under the influence of a pandemic will mean both insufficient supply and too low demand. Quarantine measures have split the Common Market into “national containers”. The monetary union is also facing a serious crisis before the pandemic. The next blow to European solidarity was the crisis with illegal migrants. The humanitarian crisis has benefited populists to intensify xenophobic sentiment and terrorist movements to send their killers to the EU. The pretext of left and right populism is wandering Europe. Security threats are real. The UK’s exit from the EU has created a deficit in the EU budget. Germany and France should increase their contributions proportionally. The Visegrad bloc countries oppose their greater financial responsibility. Austria does not agree with the single Eurozone budget. Polls in the spring of 2016 showed an increase in the position of European skeptics in France, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany, the Greek part of Cyprus, the Czech Republic and Hungary. Contemporary political discourse offers European optimistic and European pessimistic scenarios. The European Republic is decentralized (European regions), post-national, parliamentary-democratic and social. This concerns a possible shift from the United States of Europe project to the European Republic. The concept of republic is a common ideological and political heritage of Europe. A New Europe Demands New Political Thinking without Populism and Nationalism. The European Republic should be at the center of the triangle: liberalism (liberty), socialism (equality) and nationalism (brotherhood). The pessimistic scenario focuses on the fragmentation of the European Union. The basis of such fragmentation can be the project of European integration of different speeds.
The United Kingdom’s Entry into the European Economic Community (1960’s – early 1970’s)
Authors: Pavlenko Valerii
Published: July 2020

The author of the article examines the history of the United Kingdom’s entry into the European Economic Community in the 1960’s and early 1970’s, namely, he analyses the historical experience of the country’s transformation from a world Empire to a European power. The article is primarily focused on the fact that the United Kingdom’s policy on Western European integration has evolved considerably since the late 1950’s. It is noted that at the beginning of the 1960’s, the Europeanization of attitudes was gradually developing both in the UK’s power structures and among the population. The key reasons for the negative outcome of the UK’s first attempt to join the EEC are considered. Position and role of the country’s government executives in the development and implementation of the European integration policy are determined. It is stated that a major barrier to the United Kingdom’s entry into the European community was the position of France, which did not want the British to become full-fledged EEC member. It is pointed out that significant progress in the rapprochement of the UK and the EEC was achieved only at the end of 1969, with the decision to expand this organization. It is noted that it was after the meeting of Georges Pompidou and Edward Heath that an agreement on the terms of UK’s entry into the European Economic Community was finally reached. The article also focuses on the analysis of benefits of membership in the European Community for the British people. The special role of the Edward Heath’s ministry, during whose term of office it was decided to consider London’s Western European policy as a priority, is pointed out. And finally, it is determined that the adaptation of the United Kingdom as a member of the EEC has lasted many years, during which many issues arising have not been resolved.
Legal Aspects of Environmental Safety in Ukraine and Their Provisions in European Integration Framework)
Authors: Timofeieva Liliia
Published: July 2020

The article deals with the issues of environmental safety and its provision in the context of European integration. It is emphasized that environmental problems do not know borders and are geopolitical in nature.

Failure to comply with environmental safety conditions can have grave consequences, including those that are known to history. Specifically, sustainable development issues related to overcoming the consequences of the 1986 Chernobyl disaster.

The issues of environmental safety, the relationship between the economy, business and the environment, as well as the issue of measures to influence environmental crimes and offenses from various angles have been addressed in the literature. However, the issue of environmental safety in the context of European integration, and in particular in the current conditions of emergency, needs further researching.

It is emphasized that the problem is in particular the interaction of society, the state and human with the environment and ensuring security and harmony in such interaction in the context of European integration.

The purpose of the work is to optimize the legislation in terms of measures to influence offenses against the environment.

A person should take care not only of himself, but also of other people and the environment. It is justified that environmental care should not be guaranteed by the cost of living and human health. Business and financial benefits, power cannot be more important than human life and health, because such activities often lead to environmental pollution.

In today’s context, it is important that human rights do not contradict the idea of social naturalism (O.M. Kostenko). Often, modern human rights violate environmental security. It has been found that it is important to strike a balance between human beings, society, the state and the environment in ensuring human rights.

In addition, it is concluded that a combination of environmental, administrative, criminal and disciplinary responsibility, as well as the application of mediation and other alternative practices aimed at conflict resolve, is important in responding to environmental offenses.
UNESCO in the 21st Century: New Challenges
Authors: Pilkevych Viktoriia
Published: July 2020

The author studies new challenges of UNESCO’s in the XXI century. The activities of the Organization include such areas as culture, education, science, communication, information. UNESCO was created after The Second World War as one of the main institutions of the United Nations for the preservation of world peace by using establishing connections between the countries in the educational, cultural and scientific areas. Based on the source base (statutes, conventions, declarations, etc.) author analyses the changes of UNESCO’s activities in the new century. In particular, the main areas are a priority in the activities of the Organization, but there are new challenges today. This article focuses on the important program «Education for All» (2000-2015). It is the main task of UNESCO in the field of education. There have been positive changes in the direction of improving educational opportunities, but many important questions are necessary to solve. It is new challenges, which should be completed by 2030.

Special attention was given to cultural sphere of UNESCO’s activities, which includes the preservation of the world cultural and natural sites in the XXI century, the protection of intangible heritage, cultural diversity. The author studies scientific sector of UNESCO’s activities in the XXI century. Communication and information are important directions in the XXI century because people live in era of new solutions, constant improvement of information technology, achievements in the field of communications. Author outlines problems in the Organization’s activities such as gender equality and the importance of assisting developing of African countries. The United States is not a member of UNESCO. It is new challenge is for UNESCO in the XXI century. According to the article the author outlines perspective of UNESCO’s activities in the XXI century.