bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A concept of future sixth generation wireless networks: 6G
Authors: Urošević Uglješa , Veljović Zoran
Published: July 2021

Simultaneously with the beginning of the implementation of the fifth generation wireless networks (5G systems), the research of the next generation mobile wireless systems - the sixth generation network 6G, has began. Having in mind the already started considerations on the components of the future 6G technology, it is necessary to follow the given technological trends, which are waiting for us beyond 5G era. This paper will explain the range of communication needs and technologies within the future 6G. 6G is expected to include three main aspects, mobile ultra broadband, super Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The paper will present an overview of the crucial technology that is planned to achieve the first two aspects. In particular, THz communication could be used to support mobile ultra-broadband, while symbiotic radio and satellite communications to support super IoT. For each technology, the basic basic principle of functioning, key challenges and currently current approaches and solutions will be given. It will be especially emphasized what 6G brings in relation to 5G, ie what are the key new characteristics.
The concept of drone operations in the urban areas
Authors: Zoraja Sara , Netjasov Feđa
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the concept of drone operations that would be used for transportation of goods in the urban areas, in the lower part of the airspace above urban areas, is proposed. To make the most of the potential that this concept brings, it is necessary to harmonize the already existing operations with the future ones, to design the airspace for these operations, and to adopt regulations that will enable safe operations. Although it is necessary to invest large amounts of money to provide satisfactory conditions for the safe functioning of the system, the benefits that such a system brings will lead to multiple profitabilities. The concept of drone operations in urban areas has been described through three phases of evolution. The Phase 1 is the most favorable for the operator from the aspect of efficiency because it means moving from point A to point B by the shortest path. Phase 2 introduces the idea of a partial arrangement of the system. In the Phase 3, the concept of operations is described in a fully controlled and organized system, with the urban traffic control in charge of supervising and guiding unmanned aircraft. Depending on the criteria, the results show that the concepts of operations presented in phases 1, 2, and 3 can be more or less suitable for application and implementation in the lower airspace and can be used sequentialy.
Systems Design for Meeting New and Existing International Regulations
Authors: van Hemmen Hendrik F.
Published: July 2021

The maritime industry is flooded with new regulations on a continual basis. These Regulations, in general, improve the safety and environmental sustainability of the industry. A reasonable argument can be made that the maritime industry leads the world in the adoption of international regulations and quite possibly is the international leader in environmental sustainability. The execution of these regulations falls squarely on the shoulders of the ship designers, the shipbuilders, the ship owners, the ship operators, the auditors (classification societies and consultants), and the enforcement of these regulations is the responsibility of the Flag States and the Port States. The last 30 or so years have shown quite a number of success stories in this execution/enforcement, but there continue to be some areas and even specific regulatory efforts that are problematic. Experience is starting to point towards specific systematic approaches that, once adopted, allow the execution and enforcement of international regulations to achieve faster convergence and, subsequently, faster stable adoption in the industry. This paper analyzes the system dynamic, provides specific examples, and provides a systematic approach and specific recommendations to all stake holders in achieving rapid and stable adoption of emerging international regulations. In particular this paper discusses overall environmental and associated system design and improvement, which is referred to as QESTH, and explores the use of Technical Memos in advancing the general state of the art. The concept of Tech Memos is explained by actual application in OWS issues and the advances in the state of the art in OWS and MARPOL compliance resulting from these tech memos are provided in this paper.
Dual-fuel Operation of Compression-ignition Engine Using Biodiesel for Pilot Injection
Authors: Bob-Manuel Kelvin D. H. , Crookes Roy J. , Korakianitis Theodosios , Namasivayam Ashand M.
Published: July 2021

Economic factor and stringent emission standards are imposing constraints on current and future operation of power plants in the maritime industry. Hence, research institutions have intensified investigation on technologies for emission control and economy using alternative and sustainable/renewable fuels to achieve friendly environment. In this study, the combustion characteristics of natural gas and hydrogen fuelled compression ignition engine operated under stable condition using either neat or emulsified rapeseed methyl ester (RME) for pilot ignition were investigated. Ignition delay and rate of cylinder pressure rise at 1000 and 1500 r/min were obtained at various gas flow rates while the emission of NOx, CO2 and HC were measured. NOx concentrations were compared with the regulated IMO MARPOL73/78 and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Tier 3 standards and were observed to be lower than the MARPOL 73/78 level at both speeds and the EPA standard at 1500 r/min for the minimum specification of category 1 engines. Emulsified RME fuel pilot injection reduced NOx emission at all test conditions using natural gas. The use of hydrogen subscribed mainly in the reduction of particulate matters (PM) and CO2 and hence will contribute in the reduction of greenhouse effect (climate change) on the environment.
Design of an Inflatable Cofferdam for Fin Stabilizer Waterborne Seal Replacement (2012)
Authors: Henderson Shawn M. , Briggs Douglas A. , Peters Kevin S.
Published: July 2021

A method to replace the seals in the fin stabilizer pocket on the upper and lower trunnion of the fin stabilizer while a ship is waterborne has been developed. By using a lightweight, easily transportable and extremely strong fabric structure to seal off the fin stabilizer pocket, time will be conserved with rigging and de-rigging. The method was tested at the Miami Diver, LLC test tank, Miami, Florida. This paper illustrates that the proposed method can be used safely to replace the outer fin stabilizer seals in normal at-dock operating conditions which ultimately will save the time and expense of having to dry-dock.
Advantages in Environmental Compliance For Maritime Corrosion Control
Authors: Lethe Eric
Published: July 2021

The need for environmentally compliant processes and materials in the Painting Industry grows more pressing every day. As the need for these processes grows, so grows the confusion regarding the selection and implementation of these new methods and materials. In the past, price and traditional procedure were the only criteria by which a material was procured. Speed and compliance with Original Equipment Manufacturer specification governed how things were done on the shop floor. With the advent of the environmental regulations, processes are being examined all across the globe. In many of the larger companies, the chief environmental officer has as important a role as the comptroller or Chief Financial Officer. Environmental managers are often not chemists or line painters, and typically, the environmental manager is skilled only in the policies of waste disposal, spill clean up, or remediation.

The methods whereby a company can minimize the generation of hazardous waste remain less familiar. Often the examination of possible alternate techniques and materials are left for the last minute, or are conducted by personnel who are unfamiliar with how to make changes work. This is usually a recipe for failure in the implementing of anything new.

This paper will suggest methods for selection of alternative products and processes in a clear and organized manner. Salient discussion points will be:

1. Process Examination

2. Material Selection

3. Steps For Successful Implementation

4. Possible Impediments

5. How to Avoid Risky Alternatives

It will focus on procedures that will assist in the decision making process, and hopefully be of use in the choosing of environmentally sound equipment, chemicals, and methodologies.
Real Benefits of 3D Design
Authors: Baumer Joseph , Kim Yeun-gyu , Polini Michael A.
Published: July 2021

Conventional wisdom says that one of the primary benefits of 3D design in shipbuilding is design man-hour savings. This paper presents a case study of the Intergraph® SmartMarine® 3D implementation at Samsung Heavy Industries to illustrate that design man-hour savings are only a small portion of the overall benefits from 3D design. The benefits of 3D design are derived from a rich set of accurate, high-quality design data and improved design processes that translate into fewer design errors and enable the efficient design and construction of extremely complex ships. This rich set of 3D design data can be integrated into other shipyard Information Technology systems to eliminate data duplication and improve data consistency. Benefits of this rich set of design data can grow and expand over the years as new applications and interfaces are developed to exploit this data. This paper will also show how 3D design has helped SHI achieve its larger business objective of delivering greater numbers of complex, high-technology ships every year.
Analysis of Controllable Pitch Propellers for an All-Electric Naval Combatant
Authors: Witt Devin L. , Motley Michael R. , Helfers Dillon P. , Young Yin L.
Published: July 2021

The objective of this manuscript is to present the analysis of 6.1 meter (20 foot) diameter controllable pitch propellers for a twin-shafted, notional, all-electric naval combatant craft. The naval combatant used for the analysis was based on a David Taylor Model Basin (DTMB) 5415 hull form scaled up to 162.5 meters in length with a displacement of 15,263 tons. The basic hull form was modified to accommodate the operational needs including power, energy, general arrangements, and propulsion for a notional all-electric naval combatant with advanced warfare capabilities. The advantages and disadvantages of all-electric and mechanical ships are discussed as well as advantages and disadvantages of fixed pitch and controllable pitch propellers. The controllable pitch propellers (CPPs) are based on a modified DTMB 5168 propeller with three blade root pitch angle settings: the base (original) pitch, +5o, and +10o from the base pitch. The analysis of the propeller's performance was conducted using a 3-D coupled boundary element method-finite element method (BEM-FEM). The effects of spatially varying wake inflow, sheet cavitation, and structural response are considered. Results showed that CPPs have the advantage of helping to avoid or reduce cavitation while maintaining near optimal efficiency across the full range of speeds. However, the results also show that the resultant stresses on the blades and the bolts for a 6.1 meter diameter CPP are too high to be acceptable. Hence, additional studies are needed to reduce the stresses, and to investigate the potential susceptibility of tip vortex cavitation.
DEVELOPMENT OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN EDUCATION BY USING THE RATIONAL UNIFIED PROCESS IN BANDUNG
Authors: Rahayu Vivi Mirna , Targa Sapanji R.A.E. Virgana
Published: July 2021

Education must be obtained and guaranteed by the government with quality and equitable services in all regions in Indonesia. Geographic information systems become one of the solutions that can help the process of equitable education and help the government take appropriate actions. This study discusses how the development of a website-based geographic information system that can be used to map the distribution of educational data in the city of Bandung using the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) methods for system modeling. The process of making maps in this study uses Quantum GIS (QGIS) software with database storage using PostgreSQL. The output target of this study is in the form of a geographic information system website mapping educational data distribution in the city of Bandung. This website is created as a graphic summary dashboard based on the spatial field of education so that the public and government can easily draw conclusions about the distribution of existing education such as knowing the balance of the number of schools, teachers and students in an area that can affect the quality of teaching and learning activities in schools and the quality of education in that area.
УПОТРЕБА ИНТЕРНЕТА У ПРЕДУЗЕЋИМА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ ЗА ВРЕМЕ ПАНДЕМИЈЕ COVID-19
Authors: Дајић Милан
Published: July 2021

Предмет рада јесте употреба Интернета за пословање предузећа. Актуелност ове теме проистиче из чињенице да у новој дигиталној ери могућности и предности електронског пословања и електронског трговања чине значајан потенцијал који треба искористити на најбољи и најефикаснији начин. Циљ рада јесте да укаже на предности Интернета за пословање са једне стране што штеди време, а на другом месту је и новац. Али овакво пословање путе интернета има и озбиљну сметњу заживљавању онлајн шопинга јер представља недовољну сигурност онлајн трансакција. Људи се и даље нерадо одлучују да број своје кредитне картице пошаљу преко мреже или сајта. Посебно је наш народ у Србији, претежно на Косову и Метохији специфичан по склоности информаци- оним технологијама и поверење у интернет пословање. Хипотеза рада јесте да је пандемија COVID-19 променила понашање потрошача и предузећа на тај начин што се већина њих преусмерила на интернет пословање. Помоћне хипотезе рада јесу да је Интернет тржиште једно од највећих светских тржишта у развоју и друга помоћна хипотеза јесте да уколико постоји квалитетна понуда, корисници се лако одлучују на куповину путем Интернета јер она подразумева већи избор, једноставно поређење цена између више продавача те услугу доставе на кућна врата, што значи уштеду времена. Међутим, реално је очекивати да се у блиској будућности превазиђе и овај проблем, пошто технологија и у овој области веома брзо напредује. Прво питање, које се поставља при извођењу трансакција, јесте питање поверења у оне са којима се посао обавља. У електронским трансакцијама, пословање се одвија између две или више страна, које су физички раздвојене. Оно што они који нуде производе и услуге морају да обезбеде јесте поверење купаца и корисника услуга. У раду биће примењене Опште научне методе: анализа, синтеза, индукција, дедукција, компаративна метода, статистичка, историјска метода, и друге методе иманентне друштвено хуманистичким наукама.
NAJBOLJI INTERES DJETETA U POSTUPKU SMJEŠTAJA DJECE U DOM ZA DJECU BEZ RODITELJSKOG STARANJA
Authors: Lazić Ljubinka
Published: July 2021

Rad se bavi pitanjem zaštite interesa djeteta u postupku institucionalnog zbrinjavanja u dom za djecu bez roditeljskog staranja kroz implementaciju principa „najbolji interes djeteta“ u centrima za socijalni rad. Namjera autora je bila da se, kroz kvalitativnu analizu, izvrši analiza slučajeva smještaja djece u ustanovu socijalne zaštite kao i metodologije i postupaka koji se sprovode u socijalnoj zaštititi u tim slučajevima. Istraživanje je provedeno prikupljanjem i analizom spisa u Centru za socijalni rad Derventa. U radu je prikazana deskriptivna analiza obilježja slučajeva izdvajanja 26 djece iz 14 porodica u periodu od deset godina (2010 – 2020), te intervencije organa starateljstva. Rezultati su ukazali na zaključak da su djeca izmještena iz razloga postojanja ugroženosti porodičnom situacijom, te da donošenju te odluke prethodi niz opsežnih stručnih postupaka i intervencija. Na kraju je istaknut značaj procjene stručnih radnika organa starateljstva vođenjem principom „najbolji interes djeteta“, te naglašena potrebu unapređenja sistema zaštite djece bez adekvatnog roditeljskog staranja u smislu kadrovskih promjena, sistemskih saradnji, razvoja deinstitucionalizovanog zbrinjavanja djece i unaprijeđenja sistemske podrške porodici.
PARLAMENTARIZAM U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI I NJEGOVA KRIZA
Authors: Kalinić Zoran
Published: July 2021

Većina modernih demokratskih sistema podrazumijeva postojanje predstavničkog tijela, kao izraz volje naroda, usmjeren na odbranu opštih interesa i prava građana i služi za usaglašavanje i raspravu političkih subjekata, oko javnih politika u određenoj društvenoj zajednici. Politički sistem u osnovi tvori državu “instituciju institucija”, kao specifičan centar političke organizacije i u svom okviru, obuhvata odnose (političke odnose), djelovanje i snagu u prvom redu političkih partija koji su orjentisani prema državi, ali nisu uvijek dijelovi njene institucionalane strukture. Studije o izbornim procesima i partijskim istraživanjima i parlamentarizmu uopšte, spadaju u najrazvijeniji dio političke nauke i sociologije u svijetu, što na žalost, nije slučaj u Bosni i Hercegovini.
ЛОКАЛНИ ЕЛЕКТРОНСКИ МЕДИЈИ У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ
Authors: Кујунџић Борис
Published: July 2021

У медијском простору Босне и Херцеговине данас је заступљен двојни модел радио-дифузије, јавни и приватни (комерцијални). Изражена масовност локалне радио-дифузије представља прелазни феномен транзиционог периода, у којем се отварају бројна питања економске, техничке и програмске одрживости, посебно локалних РТВ станица. Задовољавање потреба публике, поштивање општих регулаторних обавеза, креирање програма, ефективан рад управљачких структура и односи са оснивачима ових станица, као и појава нових технолошких платформи, представљају изазове за осмишљен приступ креирању јавне медијске политике у БиХ. Овај текст даје основне назнаке тренутног стања локалне радио-дифузије у БиХ и њихове друштвене функције, са снажнијим нагласком на испуњавање регулаторних и програмских стандарда емитовања, и у основи наглашава претпоставке за могући модел развоја овог дијела медијског сектора.
RAT KAO EKOLOŠKI ANTROPOGENI RIZIK
Authors: Ristić Tešo
Published: July 2021

U radu su prikazane posljedice na prostor i živi svijet ratova koji su vođeni u drugoj polovini dvadesetog vijeka. Analizirana su negativna dejstva vođenja rata u Vijetnamu, Persijskom zalivu, Iraku, Bosni i Hercegovini i SRJ. Pored efekata koje su izazvala ratna dejstva na prostrana područja koja se odnose prostor pojedinih država proučen je i rat kao antropogeni rizik za prostor jedne manje teritorijalne jedinice. Ovi su ratovi, kao nijedan do tada, izazvali teške posljedice po ekosisteme u cjelini. Rezultat tih ratova bilo je do tada nezabilježeno uništavanje šumskih i poljoprivrednih prostora. Vođen je, pored hemijskog i biološkog, i svojevrsni atomski rat korišćenjem municije sa osiromašenim uranijimom. Ogromni prostori su ostali kontaminirani i nepogodni za život ljudi. Posljedice će se osjećati dugoročno kroz intenzivnije umiranje, rađanje djece sa teškim invalidnim karakteristikma i sterilitet ljudi. Prostor opštine Teslić predstavlja primjer degradiranja prostranih šumskih površina usljed višegodišnjeg postojanja široke linije razdvajanja i vođenja rovovskog rata i nedostatka društvene kontrole nad korišćenjem prirodnih dobara.
АРХЕОЛОШКИ ЛОКАЛИТЕТИ ОПШТИНЕ МРКОЊИЋ ГРАД
Authors: Калинић Горан , Срдић Љубица
Published: July 2021

У периоду 2008-09. године екипа Републичког завода за заштиту културно-историјског и природног насљеђа радила је на пројекту Валоризацијa општине Мркоњић Град. Археолози завода су поред постојећих локалитета описаних у наведеној литератури, евидентирали још двадесетак нових локалитета. У овом раду изнесен је само преглед археолошких локалитета, док елаборат под називом Валоризација културно-историјског и природног насљеђа општине Мркоњић Град садржи све елементе потребне за стицање потпуне слике о прошлости овог подручја. Постојање великог броја локалитета у сусједној општини Шипово и знатног броја локалитета у општини Мркоњић Град, говори нам да су ове две општине у прошлости имале значајнију улогу него што се претпоставља, те да овај простор треба посматрати као један.
ЛИЧНОСТ И НОВОКОМПОНОВАНА НАРОДНА МУЗИКА КАО СТРАНПУТИЦА ДРУШТВА, (НЕ)КВАЛИТЕТ ТЕКСТОВА
Authors: Бјелобрк Бабић Озренка , Шушњар Вишња , Шушњар Весна
Published: July 2021

Аутори у овом раду указују на новокомпоновану народну музику као странпутицу друштва, као пријетњу друштву знања, друштву умјетности и квалитетној музици, а самим тим и пријетњу самој личности. Циљ истраживања је, етнолошким (латентно етномузиколошки) и књижевним приступом, анализирати текстове новокомпоноване народне музике како би се установио њен квалитет и утицај на друштво и личност. Анализа је проведена на одабраним примјерима из различитих фаза историјског развоја ове врсте музике, с акцентом на компарацију текстова пјесама старијег и новијег датума. Установљено је да су и у оваквим дјелима, која нису (умјетнички) високо вреднована, евидентни елементи стагнације друштвених вриједности (морала, хуманости, љубави) и других квалитета који би требали да одликују једно друштво. Резултати хронолошке анализе литерарног текста новокомпонованих народних пјесама (с општим освртом на карактеристике музичко-изражајних средстава) потврђују упрошћавање, поједностављивање и банализовање музике и текста, која се у том случају не може сматрати временском умјетношћу, а о књижевности и да не говоримо. Наведени су и ставови ученика о новокомпонованој музици, њихова размишљања о етици текстова, кaо и закључци о њиховим рефлексијама. Ауторке дају приједлоге за ублажавање (ако не рјешавање) ове музичко-језичке странпутице и деградације савременог друштва и личности која се у њему развија.
MEĐUDOMAĆA POLITIKA
Authors: Todorović Lukа V.
Published: July 2021

U 2013. godini u izdanju Nezavisnog univerziteta Banja Luka, javnosti je predstavljena naučna studija veoma interesantnog naziva Međudomaća politika, autora dr Luke V. Todorovića, vanrednog profesora. Studija je obima 409 strana teksta sa 199 fusnota i nekoliko grafičko-tabelarnih prikaza. Studija je po formi, sadržajno i logički veoma kvalitetno utemeljena i naučno koncipirana.
A simplified method of calculating electronic energy level populations in nonequilibrium plasmas
Authors: He Xin , Jiang Tao , Gao Cheng , Zhang Zhen-Fu , Yang Jun-Bo ,   College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Computational Aerodynamics Institute, China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center, Mianyang 621000, China
Published: July 2021

 In order to investigate the radiative properties of plasma in non local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE), it is of great importance to determine energy level populations, which are often obtained by the so-called collisional-radiative (CR) model. As is well known, the CR model is accurate but computationally costly, and thus it is difficult to be applied to engineering calculations for such as complex three-dimensional plasmas.

 In this work, a bound-state characteristic temperature (BCT) method is proposed, which can be used to calculate quickly the energy level populations in non-equilibrium plasmas. In this method, we assume that for each kind of ionization stage, the bound-state population is Boltzmannian at a certain characteristic temperature. The assumed characteristic temperature is related to the degree of none-equilibrium and may be different from the electronic temperature of the plasma. Based on a modified Saha equation, the assumed characteristic temperature can be calculated easily, and then the energy level populations are obtained conveniently. Five cases of non-equilibrium neon plasma at variable electronic temperatures and densities are investigated and compared with the results from a CR model. Good agreement is found between them if the degree of non-equilibrium is not very large. It shows that the present method is effective and at least 3000 times faster in computation time than the CR model. The method is very useful in engineering applications.
Micromechanism of ferroelectric fatigue and enhancement of fatigue resistance of lead zirconate titanate thin films
Authors: Wang Zhi-Qing , Yao Xiao-Ping , Shen Jie , Zhou Jing , Chen Wen , Wu Zhi ,   State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China,   School of Materials and Chemistry Engineering, Hunan Institute Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
Published: July 2021

Ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) has been regarded as a promising technology for next-generation nonvolatile storage due to its excellent data storage performance and nonvolatile storage characteristics. However, fatigue degradation properties seriously impede the development and large-scale commercial use of FeRAM. In this paper, the interaction mechanism and enhancement of ferroelectric fatigue in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film are investigated by the first-principles calculations (DFT). Theoretical calculations suggest that the coupling between oxygen vacancies and 180° domain walls in PZT is responsible for ferroelectric fatigue. Oxygen vacancies are more likely to be formed closer to domain wall, the “pinning” between oxygen vacancies and domain wall makes the migration of domain wall difficult, resulting in the suppression of polarization reversal and ultimately fatigue in ferroelectric thin film. The insertion of Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BMN) can absorb the oxygen vacancies in PZT and reduce the concentration of oxygen vacancies, and in doing so, the ferroelectric fatigue problem caused by the “pinning” effect of the oxygen vacancies can be eliminated. Moreover, the PZT thin films are deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) by the sol-gel method with using BMN buffer layer. The remnant polarization (Pr) of PZT film decreases by 51% and the PZT/BMN film remains 85% after 1010 cycles. Furthermore, it keeps stable even up to 1012 cycles. This paper demonstrates that the PZT/BMN film with excellent ferroelectric and fatigue endurance possesses the promising applications in FeRAM.
Machine learning analysis of TCGA cancer data
Authors: Liñares-Blanco Jose , Pazos Alejandro , Fernandez-Lozano Carlos
Published: July 2021

In recent years, machine learning (ML) researchers have changed their focus towards biological problems that are difficult to analyse with standard approaches. Large initiatives such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) have allowed the use of omic data for the training of these algorithms. In order to study the state of the art, this review is provided to cover the main works that have used ML with TCGA data. Firstly, the principal discoveries made by the TCGA consortium are presented. Once these bases have been established, we begin with the main objective of this study, the identification and discussion of those works that have used the TCGA data for the training of different ML approaches. After a review of more than 100 different papers, it has been possible to make a classification according to following three pillars: the type of tumour, the type of algorithm and the predicted biological problem. One of the conclusions drawn in this work shows a high density of studies based on two major algorithms: Random Forest and Support Vector Machines. We also observe the rise in the use of deep artificial neural networks. It is worth emphasizing, the increase of integrative models of multi-omic data analysis. The different biological conditions are a consequence of molecular homeostasis, driven by both protein coding regions, regulatory elements and the surrounding environment. It is notable that a large number of works make use of genetic expression data, which has been found to be the preferred method by researchers when training the different models. The biological problems addressed have been classified into five types: prognosis prediction, tumour subtypes, microsatellite instability (MSI), immunological aspects and certain pathways of interest. A clear trend was detected in the prediction of these conditions according to the type of tumour. That is the reason for which a greater number of works have focused on the BRCA cohort, while specific works for survival, for example, were centred on the GBM cohort, due to its large number of events. Throughout this review, it will be possible to go in depth into the works and the methodologies used to study TCGA cancer data. Finally, it is intended that this work will serve as a basis for future research in this field of study.
Response of Cotton to Conservation Tillage Plus Wheat Straw Management and Nitrogen in Wheat Based Cropping System
Authors: Khan Niamat Ullah , Ullah Sami , Khan Azhar Abbas , Shahzad Umbreen
Published: July 2021

Zero tillage straw retained with optimum N is an important strategy to increase soil fertility and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-cotton system.  A 3 years field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 to study the impact of two tillage techniques [zero tillage plus wheat straw retained- ZTsr and conventional tillage-CT straw burnt (CTsb, with disc plow, tiller, rotavator, and leveling operations)] and four nitrogen rates namely 0, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1 on cotton yield and soil fertility. Results indicated that bolls/plant–1, weight per boll, seed cotton yields, lint percentage and N recovery efficiency were highest with 150 kg N ha–1. Interaction tillage into N indicated that ZTsr had graeter bolls plant-1, bolls weight, seed cotton yields, lint percentage and N recovery efficiency compared to CTsb. ZTsr had more soil organic matter (SOM) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) compared to CTsb. ZTsr with 150 kg nitrogen per hectare enhanced cotton yield and soil fertility on sustainable basis in arid environment of Dera Ismail Khan.
Aero-microbiology of Selected Poultry Farms in Imo State, South Eastern, Nigeria
Authors: Ekeleme J. E. , Ozougwu J. C. , Nwaugo V. O. , Nwachukwu N. C. , Okorie C. N. , Nwachukwu I. , Smith-Akor D. M.
Published: July 2021

The aero-microbiology of selected poultry farms in Imo State, South Eastern Nigeria was investigated by microbial analysis. Result revealed that in Owerri poultry farm, Pm2.5 had a range of 8-36±1.4 ug/m3, PM10 had a range of 19-55±1.4ug/m3, a temperature range of 34.1-37.8±4.2oC and a relative humidity of 63.3-81.6±0.0%, while poultry farm at Okigwe had Pm2.5 range of 8±1.4-21±1.4ug/m3, PM10 had a range of 20±1.4- 88±2.8ug/m3, a temperature range of 28.6±1.2-38.1±0.0oc, and a relative humidity of 63.4±0.0-87.0±1.4%. Total heterotrophic bacterial count (THBC), total coliform count (TCC), Total Staphylococal count(TSC) and total fungi count (TFC) examined showed that THBC group had the highest counts with a range of 1.2-20.8cfu/plate/mins along the distances at 15minutes, 2.7-21.4cfu/plate/mins at 30minutes and 3.5-21.8cfu/plate/mins at 45minutes. While in Okigwe, THBC which was also the highest had a range of 09-22.5 along the distances at 15minutes, 1.2-24.8cfu/plate/mins at 30minutes and 1.0-4.0cfu/plate/mins at 45 minutes. Bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus and Streptococcus species while the fungi isolated were Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium Mucor and Rhizopus Species. Temperature, particulate matter and microbial counts were highest during the dry season, while relative humidity was highest during the rainy season respectively. It was observed that as time increased along the distances examined, microbial load also increased. The aero-microbiology of the farms studied showed that the air contained presence of bacteria and fungi of medical importance in both seasons, hence, there is the need to always ensure proper management and evaluation of poultry farms to avoid micro-organisms from exceeding their permissive limits.
Effect of Spacing and dosage of Nitrogen against the Maydis Leaf Blight Disease of Maize
Authors: Kumar Chandan , Chand Phool , Choudhary C. S. , Akhtar Miss N. S. , Rai Bimla
Published: July 2021

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. It belongs to family, "Poaceae". It has wider adaptability under different agro-climatic conditions. Its productivity per unit area is very high, so it is called “queen of cereals” globally. Though, Crop has high food and economic value, its production is limited by many constraints including the diseases also. Maydis leaf blight (MLB) is found almost everywhere maize is grown. It is caused by fungus Helminthosporium maydis. This disease is highly destructive in hot, humid and tropical climates of the world. In present investigation field trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of Spacing and Nitrogen dosages thereby managing the disease. The layout of this field experiment was in split plot design and conducted for the year 2019 and 2020 Kharif comprising of spacing: 45x20 cm, 60x20 cm and 75x20 cm and nitrogen dosages: 120, 160, 200 and 240 kg/ha as treatment with three replications. Results show that during 2019, the lowest PDI was obtained with the spacing of S3 (75x20 cm), which was significantly superior to all the spacing thereby reducing disease severity. The PDI was significantly influenced by nitrogen levels too. Lowest PDI (54.06 %) was obtained with the N3 (200 kg/ha), significantly superior to N2 and N1 levels of nitrogen fertilizer. There was also a significant interaction between spacing and nitrogen levels. Similar results were obtained during 2020 and for pool data that has also been calculated for the year Kharif 2019-2020. During the year, 2019 and 2020 grain yield was significantly influenced by spacing and nitrogen level too but the interaction was not significant.
Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection amongst Pregnant Women in a Community North Central Nigeria
Authors: A Ndako, James , D Mawak, John , O Fajobi, Victor , Ifeanyi Ilochi , Olatinsu Oludolapo , C Odiase Marily
Published: July 2021

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a global challenge mostly in developing countries. Hepatitis B virus has infected almost one third of the world population. Pregnant women infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) can transmit the infection to their fetuses and newborns. As a result of the developing status of most of our communities screening of antenatal attendees is rarely done as a routine in most health facilities that offers antenatal services, hence the need for this studies at our location of study.

Methods: One hundred and ninety (190) serum samples were screened among pregnant women on ante-natal care, using standard ELISA method. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to individuals to determine incidence rates and identify relative risk factors that predispose subjects to the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection.

Results: From the total samples screened, Sixty-three, 63 (33.2%) were found to be positive for Hepatitis B virus. The highest prevalence was found among those aged 21-30 with overall number of 37(19.5%) Positivity, X2 =1.508; P=0.471. Considering educational status of subjects screened, high prevalence was recorded among those without formal education with 25(13.2%) Prevalence, x2= 5.381; P = 0.146 considering the various risk factors, subjects with history of tattooing/tribal markings recorded 41(21.6%), while women in their second trimester of pregnancy had a higher prevalence of 42(22.2%).

Conclusions: This study recorded a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection amongst pregnant women at our study location, which also reflects high probable risks of HBV perinatal transmission. It is therefore strongly recommended that pregnant women be routinely screened for Hepatitis B virus infection as part of antenatal care services.
Suitability of Rice Transplanters and Weeders in Different Soil Types
Authors: Kannan S. Vallal , Veeramani A. , Hemalatha M. , Elamathi S. , Umamageswari C. , Kumar N. Satheesh , Rangasami S. R. Shri
Published: July 2021

Aim: To evaluate the performance of existing models of rice transplanters in different soil types, to evaluate the performance of existing models of power weeder in different soil types, and to reduce the cost of cultivation and enhance the rice production and profitability.
Study design: Strip plot design with different soil types as main-plot treatments(3),existing models of rice transplanter(5)  as sub-plot treatment and existing models of power weeder(3) as sub-sub-plot treatments.
Place and duration: Experiments were conducted in six locations of delta zones  of Tamil Nadu representing three soil types’ viz., sandy clay loam, sandy loam, and clay loam during samba season(2019 & 2020) with  the medium duration rice variety ‘TKM 13.
Methodology: Transplanter machine related parameters of actual field efficiency, theoretical capacity and field efficiency and  weeder  machine related parameters of field capacity and field efficiency and weed control efficiency was observed in different soil types. Suitability of transplanter and weeder combination on rice growth and yield parameters and yield, reduction of cost of cultivation and increase in net return and net income were observed and calculated.
Results: Among growth and yield parameters, the 6 row yanmar transplanter along with conoweeding combination were recorded higher tillers and productive tillers (16.28 &20.65/hill), number of filled grains (113&145/panicle) seed yield (5922 &5733kg/ha) respectively in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil.  Similarly, higher net return(Rs.70195/ha& Rs.55343/ha)) and BCR(2.62& BCR(2.28) in sandy clay loam  and  sandy loam soil respectively. Furthermore, they achieved additional grain yield of 1769 kg/ha and 1873 kg/ha with the additional net profit of Rs.37027/ha& Rs.34813/ha in sandy clay loam and sandy loam soil respectively. Yanmar 8 row transplanter along with single row power weeder combination were recorded higher productive tillers (15.25/hill), filled grains(122/panicle)  and seed yield (5506 kg/ha)  with higher net return (Rs.58175/ha) and BCR(2.32) in clay  loam soil. Furthermore, they achieved with an additional grain yield of 1121 kg/ha with additional net profit of Rs.24618/ha and net income change of Rs.24618/ha  in clay loam soil compared to farmers practice.
Conclusion: Cultivation of rice by using 6 row yanmar transplanter and weeding by cono weeder along with agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in sandy clay loam soil and sandy loam soil.  Cultivation of rice by using 8 row Yanmar transplanter for transplanting and single row power weeder for weeding operation along with recommended agronomic practices is important to achieve higher yield performance and net return and BCR in clay loam soil.
Sertanejo universitário: expressão e valores de jovens urbanos no Brasil contemporâneo // Sertanejo universitário: expression and values of urban youths in contemporary Brazil
Authors: França Vera Regina Veiga , Vieira Vanrochris
Published: July 2021

A migração da música caipira, profundamente enraizada no mundo rural, para o meio urbano, no Brasil, deu origem à música sertaneja. Nos últimos anos, tem surgido uma nova variação deste gênero, o sertanejo universitário, voltado mais especificamente para um público jovem e caracterizado pela mistura melódica e pelo afastamento do cenário e dos valores da tradição rural. As temáticas exploram a importância do dinheiro para garantir conquistas sexuais, o universo das “baladas” (festas noturnas frequentadas pelos jovens), a sensualidade. Tais músicas têm alcançado um estrondoso sucesso de público no Brasil e no exterior. Entre seu público, e como propagandistas desse novo gênero musical, há celebridades do futebol (Neymar no Brasil, Cristiano Ronaldo em Portugal), cujo estilo de vida tem sintonia com as letras das músicas. Mais do que as características musicais do sertanejo universitário, procuramos refletir sobre aquilo que ele expressa enquanto quadro de valores e comportamentos de parcela da juventude contemporânea.

The migration of caipira music, deeply rooted in rural areas, to urban areas in Brazil, has given rise to sertanejo music. In recent years, it has emerged a new variation of this rhythm, the sertanejo universitário, turned more specifically to a young public and characterized by melodic mix and a large removal of rural tradition scene and values. The themes explore the importance of money to ensure sexual conquests, the universe of "baladas" (evening parties attended by young people), sensuality. Such songs have been achieved a resounding success of public in Brazil and abroad. Among its audience, and as propagandists of this new musical genre, there are celebrities from soccer (Neymar in Brazil, Cristiano Ronaldo in Portugal), whose lifestyle has line with the lyrics. More than musical features of the sertanejo universitário, we try to reflect on what it expresses as a set of values and behaviors of a portion of contemporary youth.
Lazer de Jovens Universitários no Contexto Digital // University students leisure in the digital context
Authors: Marques Jane Aparecida
Published: July 2021

O lazer pode ser considerado um bem essencial para os indivíduos. Para estudantes, essa característica é tão ou mais importante dado que eles estão em processo de formação com fortes implicações para toda a vida nas dimensões intelectuais, físicas, sociais, culturais, dentre outras. O lazer configura-se, também, como parte relevante do processo de aprendizagem. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem por objetivo investigar o perfil de hábitos de lazer dos universitários de uma unidade da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Com base em uma pesquisa teórica acerca do lazer e do tempo livre, principalmente no que diz respeito aos hábitos dos jovens na sociedade contemporânea – a denominada geração digital, cada vez mais conectada por meio de aparatos tecnológicos – realizamos uma survey com alunos de todos os cursos e períodos dessa unidade. Os resultados obtidos em termos das dimensões de lazer (sociais, culturais, intelectuais, manuais, físicas, exposição à mídia e viagens a lazer), em relação às variáveis demográficas consideradas (curso, gênero, faixa etária, estado civil e condição de emprego) mostraram-se estatisticamente diferenciados. Comprovamos que o tempo livre dedicado às atividades midiáticas, especialmente as eletrônicas/digitais sobressaem-se dentre todas as demais atividades a que esses jovens se dedicam.
Um percurso para operacionalização da categoria classe social numa pesquisa em Geografia
Authors: Dias Patrícia Chame
Published: July 2021

Com base na compreensão marxista do capitalismo e pressupondo a correlação entre a posição na estrutura social e as possibilidades de uso e de apropriação do espaço, desenvolvi uma tese de doutorado na qual, entre outros aspectos, propus critérios para operacionalizar a categoria classe social. Este texto resulta de uma reavaliação desse trabalho, objetivando, portanto, refletir sobre tais critérios, a partir de uma experiência de pesquisa em Geografia. Para isso, apresento uma síntese do percurso teórico que resultou nos procedimentos adotados, exponho tais procedimentos, e avalio a adoção de critérios relativos à ocupação e à trajetória dos sujeitos para compreender sua classe. Essa discussão é feita, sobretudo, a partir dos achados de campo e da vinculação entre teoria e prática. Assinalo ainda a possibilidade de considerar suas interpretações do mundo e de suas práticas como elemento indicativo de sua posição na estrutura social.

Abstract

A COURSE TO THE SOCIAL CLASS CATEGORY OPERATIONALIZATION IN A GEOGRAPHY RESSEARCH

Based on Marxist understanding regarding capitalism and supposing that one’s position on the social structure influences their possibilities of space usage and appropriation, I have developed a doctorate thesis in which, among other aspects, I have proposed some criteria to operationalize the social class category. This text is a result of this paper’s reevaluation, therefore intend to reflect on such criteria, based on a Geography research experience. To achieve that, I present a synthesis of the theoretical course which led to the adopted procedures, expose such procedures, and analyze adopting criteria related to one’s occupation as well as their trajectory in order to understand their class. This discussion is made mainly based on the field findings and the linking between theory and practice. I also mark the possibility of taking their world interpretations and their practices in consideration as an element that indicates their position on the social structure.
O transporte rodoviário interestadual de passageiros na rede urbana da região Sul: uma análise das cidades pequenas
Authors: Lemos João Henrique Zöehler , Santos Bruno Candido dos
Published: July 2021

O transporte rodoviário de passageiros no Brasil cumpre importante função social enquanto serviço público ao propiciar um conjunto amplo de deslocamentos de pessoas, cargas e informações por grande parte dos estados e regiões brasileiras. Trata-se de uma atividade econômica importante para o território nacional, pois revela uma variedade de interações espaciais que abrangem a complexa rede urbana do país. A flexibilidade do ônibus rodoviário e a capilaridade do serviço são centrais para o atendimento a cidades de portes variados, pois permite a conexão entre centros urbanos com menos de cinco mil habitantes até a conexão entre metrópoles como Brasília/DF, Rio de Janeiro/RJ e São Paulo/SP. Este artigo debaterá tais deslocamentos de pessoas pelo modal rodoviário a partir da análise que contemplará as cidades pequenas na região Sul do Brasil, tendo a formação socioespacial como base para o entendimento das dinâmicas atinentes ao recorte e de suas articulações com a divisão territorial do trabalho. Neste contexto, se destaca a importância das ligações rodoviárias de longa distância que contemplam dezenas de cidades em seus percursos.

Abstract

THE INTERSTATE ROAD TRANSPORT OF PASSENGERS IN THE URBAN NETWORK OF SOUTHERN REGION: AN ANALYSIS ABOUT THE SMALL CITIES

The road passenger transport in Brazil plays an important social function as a public service by providing a broad set of displacements of people, cargo and information across displacements through most Brazilian states and regions. This is an important economic activity for the national territory because it reveals a variety of spatial interactions covering the country’s complex urban network. The flexibility of the road bus and the capillarity of the service are central for the service to cities of varying sizes, because it allows the connection between urban centers with less than five thousand inhabitants until the connection between metropolises like Brasília/ DF, Rio de Janeiro/RJ and São Paulo/SP. This article will discuss such displacements of people by the road modal from the analysis that will contemplate the small towns in the Southern region of Brazil, with socio-spatial formation as the basis for understanding the dynamics related to the of the dynamics related to the snippet and understanding of its articulations with the territorial division of labor. In this context, the importance of long-distance road connections that include dozens of cities on their routes stands out.