bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self-regulation of Arabic reading comprehension of upper elementary students
Authors: Abdo Rania , Akoury Dirani Leyla
Published: April 2024

Este estudio examina los procesos de autorregulación de la comprensión lectora en árabe de los estudiantes libaneses en la escuela primaria superior que tienen un rendimiento deficiente solo en este idioma. La atención se centra en las estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas que utilizan estos estudiantes y en los componentes motivacionales de la autorregulación. Un cuestionario y dos entrevistas semiestructuradas diferentes se administraron a quince estudiantes de primaria y a sus profesores de árabe en una escuela francófona en Beirut. Los participantes no autorregulan de manera eficiente su comprensión de lectura en árabe y tienden a usar rara vez estrategias de aprendizaje cognitivo. Los procesos de autorregulación se predicen por la falta de motivación de los participantes, que se manifiesta principalmente a través de percepciones de moderada autoeficacia del desempeño y bajas expectativas de éxito. Este es el primer paso hacia la comprensión de los procesos de aprendizaje de los estudiantes con bajo rendimiento en lectura árabe. Puede proporcionar medios que ayudarán a los estudiantes a aplicar el aprendizaje de contenido autorregulado no solo de textos en árabe, sino también de lecturas en general.
 
Abstract
This study examines the self-regulation processes of reading comprehension in Arabic of Lebanese students in upper elementary who perform poorly only in this language. The focus is on the cognitive and metacognitive strategies these students use, and on the motivational components of self-regulation. A questionnaire and two different semi-structured interviews were administered to fifteen elementary students and to their Arabic teachers, in a French-speaking school in Beirut. Participants do not self-regulate efficiently their Arabic reading comprehension and they tend to seldom use cognitive learning strategies. Self-regulatory processes are predicted by participants’ lack of motivation that manifests itself mostly through perceptions of moderate self-efficacy of performance and low expectations of success. This is the first step towards understanding the learning processes of students poorly performing in Arabic reading. It can provide means that will help students in applying self-regulated content learning of not only texts in Arabic but readings in general.
 Keywords: Reading comprehension; SRL; Cognitive strategies; Self-efficacy
Attitudinal Trends in CLIL Assessment: a pilot study / Tendencias actitudinales en evaluación AICLE: estudio piloto
Authors: Laborda Jesús García , Alcalde Peñalver Elena
Published: April 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de un estudio piloto obtenidos a través de un cuestionario distribuido a futuros maestros de asignaturas de contextos AICLE y no AICLE que están familiarizados con este tipo de metodología por los estudios que están realizando, ya sean de grado o posgrado. El artículo empieza con una introducción al tema y continúa con una revisión de los estudios de investigación relevantes en el campo de la evaluación en este ámbito. A continuación, se presenta el método de nuestro estudio con información sobre el instrumento, los participantes y el contexto académico. Posteriormente, analizamos los resultados con ejemplos concretos de los datos obtenidos. Finalmente, reflexionaremos sobre los resultados obtenidos a modo de conclusión. Los resultados preliminares de este estudio piloto mostrarán los problemas más importantes relacionados con la evaluación en contextos AICLE de acuerdo con las expectativas de futuros maestros sobre cómo podría basarse la enseñanza siguiendo esta metodología.
 
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a pilot study based on a questionnaire distributed to prospective teachers of CLIL and non-CLIL courses with familiarity on that type of teaching due to their own studies either through graduate or undergraduate courses. The paper opens with an introduction to the topic and continues with a review of relevant research studies in the field of CLIL assessment. Next, the method of our study is presented with information about the instrument, participants and academic context. After that, the results of the study are analysed and illustrated with examples from the data. Finally, different interpretations of the study will be discussed as a way of conclusion. The preliminary results of this pilot study will show the most significant issues involved in CLIL assessment according to these prospective teachers’ expectations of what teaching following this methodology could be like.Keywords: Assessment; Attitudes; CLIL; Pilot Study.
Processing frozen human blood samples for population-scaleSQK-LSK114 Oxford Nanopore long-read DNA sequencingSOP V2 v1
Authors: Miano-Burkhardt Abigail , Alvarez Jerez Pilar , Malik Laksh , Blauwendraat Cornelis , J Billingsley Kimberley , behalf of the CARD Long-read Team on
Published: April 2024

Abstract: As part of the GP2 initiative we will generate long-read sequencing data for ~1000 samples to better understand the genetic architecture of Parkinson's disease. To generate this large-scale Nanopore data we have developed a protocol for processing and long-read sequencing frozen human blood samples, targeting an N50 of ~30kb and ~30X coverage. Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the Nanopore team (Androo Markham & Jessica Anderson), PacBio team (Jeffrey Burke, Michelle Kim, Duncan Kilburn & Kelvin Liu) and the whole CARD long-read team listed below => UCSC: Benedict Paten, Trevor Pesout, Paolo Carnevali, Mira Mastoras, Melissa Meredith, Jean Monlong, Ryan Lorig-Roach, Mobin Asri; NE: Miten Jain; NCI: Mikhail Kolmogorov; NHGRI: Adam Phillippy, Arang Rhie; Baylor: Fritz Sedlazeck, Farhang Jaryani; JHU: Winston Timp; NIA: Cornelis Blauwendraat, Kimberley Billingsley, Pilar Alvarez Jerez, Laksh Malik, Breeana Baker, Maysa Abdelhalim, Kensuke Daida, Rylee Genner, Abigail Miano-Burkhardt, Caroline Pantazis; This protocol was optimized using frozen blood samples from the PPMI initiative. PPMI – a public-private partnership – is funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and funding partners, a full list of the PPMI funding partners can be found atwww.ppmi-info.org/fundingpartners.
CODA: shorthand for calling functions | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v1
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , Wu Pei-Hsun , Sunshine Joel , Kiemen Ashley , Reddy Sashank , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2024

To downsample ndpi or svs images to 10x, 5x, and 1x tifs, use this function: create_downsampled_tif_imagesor try Openslide in python To calculate registration on the low resolution (1x) images 1. calculate the tissue area and background pixels using this function: calculate_tissue_ws 2. calculate the registration transforms: calculate_image_registration To build a 3D tissue volume using sematic segmentation: 1. generate manual annotations in Aperio imagescope 2. apply the deep learning function to train a model and segment the high resolution (5x or 10x) images: train_image_segmentation To apply the registration to segmented images: apply_image_registration To build a 3D tissue matrix from registered, classified images: build_tissue_volume To build a 3D cell volume containing nuclear coordinates: 1. Build a mosaic image containing regions of many whole-slide images for cell detection optimization: make_cell_detection_mosaic 2. Manually annotate the mosaic image to get the ‘ground-truth’ number of cell nuclei: manual_cell_count 3. Determine cell detection parameters using the manual annotations on the mosaic image: get_nuclear_detection_parameters 4. Deconvolve the high-resolution (5x or 10x) H&E images before applying the cell detection algorithm: deconvolve_histological_images 5. Detect cells on the hematoxylin channel of the high-resolution images: cell_detection 6. Apply the registration to the cell coordinates: register_cell_coordinates 7. Build a 3D cell coordinate matrix corresponding to the 3D tissue matrix: build_cell_volume
SOP – 3-step protein fractionation from fly heads v1
Authors: not provided ALFONSO.M.PENA
Published: April 2024

SOP – 3-step protein fractionation from fly heads
SOP – 2-step protein fractionation (Triton) from fly heads v1
Authors: not provided ALFONSO.M.PENA
Published: April 2024

SOP – 2-step protein fractionation (Triton) from fly heads
Aerobic Intradialytic Exercise v1
Authors: Nur Rohmah Siti , Dhamarjati Andika , Puspitasari Metalia
Published: April 2024

Currently, intradialytic exercise interventions are rarely performed in hemodialysis centres in Indonesia, particularly at Dr Sardjito Hospital. Physical exercise during hemodialysis (HD) provides many benefits, one of the most important being increases blood flow in the muscles and increases the surface area of small blood vessels, thereby increasing the transfer of urea and toxins from the tissues to the blood vessels that will be delivered to the HD machine. These will increase the success of the HD procedure (by its dialysis adequacy) and ultimately improve the patient's quality of life significantly.
CODA: 3D tissue reconstruction pipeline | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v1
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , Wu Pei-Hsun , Sunshine Joel , Kiemen Ashley , Reddy Sashank , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2024

CODA pipeline with 6 parts
CODA (part 6): register the nuclear coordinates and construct 3D cell matrix | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v1
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , Wu Pei-Hsun , Sunshine Joel , Kiemen Ashley , Reddy Sashank , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2024

Using the registration transformations calculated in low-resolution (as described CODA (part 2): calculate registration on low-resolution tissue images), register the nuclear coordinates generated in CODA (part 5): nuclear coordinate generation
CODA (part 1): setting up environment and preparing sample dataset | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v1
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , Wu Pei-Hsun , Sunshine Joel , Reddy Sashank , Kiemen Ashley , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2024

CODA workflow part 1. setting up environment and preparing dataset
Metagenomic Library Prep from fecal sample lysate v1
Authors: Noah Snyder-Mackler Noah
Published: April 2024

Metagenomic library prep from fecal sample lysate using Illumina DNA prep kit (1/2 reactions).
CODA (part 4): register the deep learning labelled images and Construct 3D tissue matrix | HuBMAP | JHU-TMC v1
Authors: Sang Han Kyu , Wu Pei-Hsun , Sunshine Joel , Kiemen Ashley , Reddy Sashank , Wirtz Denis
Published: April 2024

CODA (part 4): register the deep learning labelled images and Construct 3D tissue matrix
UNIVERSITY EFL TEACHERS’ STANCE AND ENGAGEMENT IN DIGITAL MULTIMODAL COMPOSING AS MULTIMODAL LITERACY PRACTICES
Authors: Trisanti Novia , Sukyadi Didi , Hermawan Budi
Published: April 2024

Recent years have witnessed an increasing attention on multimodal literacy practices, particularly digital multimodal composing (DMC) in EFL classrooms. However, the ability of EFL teachers to design and carry out multimodal literacy practices that accurately reflect the performance of EFL learners and promote active learning becomes a challenging demand. This study aims to look at Indonesian EFL teachers’ stance and engagement in implementing DMC during the completion of the students’ writing project in higher education context. A case study method was applied in an EFL environment in Indonesian context using field notes, and an interview as the teacher’s reflection. The results demonstrate that the EFL teacher was involved in remediation stance for the DMC tasks designed to encompass students produce multimodal texts using Canva, for example, reading response and biography recount text mind mapping. It reveals that the teacher used the DMC task alongside another media as an assessment tool. While using DMC as the learners' projects for the assessment, the teacher's engagement was ambivalent, meaning that the teacher was fond of using DMC as the learning evaluation. More research is therefore required to better understand how DMC helps teachers develop their knowledge regarding the practice of multimodal literacy in the EFL context.
The Impact of the Entrepreneurial Environment on Vietnamese Tourism Students' Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors:   People & Global Business Association, D Tanam Nguyen , D Yang Liub
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Based on Social and Contextual cognitive theory, this study examines the impact of the entrepreneurial environment on the entrepreneurial intentions of students majoring in tourism in Vietnam. Design/methodology/approach: To standardize the conceptual framework of the study, the author began to use the qualitative research method to build hypotheses, then used the quantitative research method to conduct evaluation and assessment, and calculated the sample of the study with the SPSS software version 25. The study was conducted in the form of online survey research on the sample of 275 undergraduate students of tourism and hospitality management in 7 universities in Vietnam. Findings: The findings show that all six hypotheses of the study are accepted, and they have a positive impact on Vietnamese tourism students' entrepreneurial intention. Among them, the political environment is the most influential. Research limitations/implications: Despite efforts to standardize the conceptual framework, the complexity of the entrepreneurial environment may have led to incomplete consideration of relevant variables. The study primarily examined the impact of the entrepreneurial environment on intentions, not behaviors or outcomes, leaving room for future research to conduct a more comprehensive examination of the entrepreneurial process. These limitations offer opportunities for future research to enhance understanding of the intricate relationship between the entrepreneurial environment and intentions among tourism students in Vietnam. Originality/value: The research contributes to the understanding of entrepreneurial intentions among Vietnamese tourism students and provides practical insights for educators, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. Its focus on the entrepreneurial environment and application of relevant theoretical frameworks position it as a meaningful contribution to the fields of entrepreneurship and tourism education.
CONTENT DOMINANTS OF EDUCATION IN THE FORMATION OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL VALUES OF YOUTH
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Levytska Lyudmyla
Published: April 2024

Background. The spiritual revival of the Ukrainian people is possible thanks to the preservation of national cultural and historical traditions and the observance of universal values. In society, the state feels an objective need for citizens capable of their perception, preservation and enrichment. The education system is one of the most important factors in achieving this goal, preparing generations to reproduce cultural values. Education of a citizen, a patriot, a physically and spiritually developed person, a professional is possible only in a holistic pedagogical process. The teacher has a special role. It is on his spiritual and moral qualities, professionalism, life optimism, high culture, and intelligence that the formation of an ideal person in young people depends. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the content dominants of the system of educational work of higher education institutions, which contribute to the formation of spiritual and moral values of student youth. The task: to determine the content dominants of the functioning of the educated work system in higher education institutions. Methods. General sciences and special methods – analytical (historical-logical); theoretical synthesis and comparative analysis; empirical methods (pedagogical observation, survey, conversation). Results. The content dominants of education in higher education institutions are revealed and their influence on the formation of spiritual and moral values of student youth is determined. It was found that education will be effective if an educational and educational space is created, which ensures the educational potential of the learning process and the free development of the personality. Conclusions. The educational work of higher education institutions should be considered as a set of leading provisions containing ideas for the development of student education taking into account traditions and innovations determined by the theory and practice of educational work in higher education institutions, which integrates conceptual ideas, laws, principles, categories, and pedagogical conditions. The system of educational work in higher education institutions is a rational set of interconnected and interdependent main components, the interaction of which ensures their new integrative quality, which is aimed at forming the value orientations of the individual, his civic consciousness, professional competence and spirituality of the future teacher. The specificity of the implementation of the subject-subject interaction of a teacher and a student in the educational process is manifested in the actualization of the educational potential and the strengthening of the orientation of its organizational and content components.
Principles of adaptive control of roll stability of reconfigurable chassis with planetary-wheeled propulsion system
Authors: Dobretsov Roman Yu. , Kaninsky Andrey O. , Popov Dmitrii S. , Pryamitsyn Igor B.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Roll stability control is a relevant issue in transport platforms’ design in general. Well-known methods of roll stability control are used in development of vehicles of various types. However, these methods can not always be applied in design of small unmanned platforms, so development of special solutions is needed.
AIM: Justification of feasibility of application of anti-roll balancing mechanisms in small unmanned vehicles.
METHODS: The study is based on the analysis of technical solutions implemented in the design of platforms with extreme off-road capabilities and space rovers. Well-known methods of fundamentals of vehicle dynamics are the main tools of the study.
RESULTS: The options of roll stability control system for small unmanned platforms are described. The conclusions regarding feasibility of different options of balancing mechanisms for addressing the issue of counteraction of stability losing and overturning are made.
CONCLUSIONS: The discussed principles of roll stability control could be implemented in special small unmanned vehicles with any type of propulsion system. The further research in this field considers building of mathematical models capable of evaluating the required kinematics and power properties of the system of adaptive roll stability control, as well as testing using the mockup of a moving platform.
Improving the technical device for washing root-and-tuber crops
Authors: Svintsova Olga N. , Shuhanov Stanislav N. , Khabardin Vasily  N.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Achievements of agrarian science ensure the competitive development of agricultural production. The key place in solving the problems of which is occupied by technologies and machines of the agro-industrial sector. One of the main directions of the functioning of agriculture is animal husbandry, in particular the feeding of livestock and poultry. An increase in the output per each feed unit is facilitated with preparing them for feeding, including washing and chopping root-and-tuber crops as the most important component of the diet of farm animals. Improvement of these technical devices helps to improve the quality indicators of their operation.
AIM: Improving the device for washing root-and-tuber crops with the new patent-worthy technical solution.
METHODS: Study of the state of the issue on this topic using a literature sources review. Patent search for technical devices for washing root-and-tuber crops. Studying the principle of their operation and design features. Analysis and generalization of the information obtained for the implementation of the new design solution.
RESULTS: A study of the state of the issue of preparing root-and-tuber crops for feeding to farm animals, the conducted patent search and analysis of the studied material revealed that the existing devices for washing root-and-tuber crops do not meet the requirements. The main disadvantage is the low quality of the technological process performed. The use of a number of physical phenomena, such as gravity, friction, pressure, the interaction of fluid (air or water) with the material being processed, made it possible to solve the complex technical problem of creating a technical device at a whole new level.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, based on the adopted technical solutions, the device for washing root-and-tuber crops has been improved at the level of patentability, which makes it possible to improve the quality of processing of root-and-tuber crops, including stabilizing the process of their unloading from the device.
The individual tubular low-toxic combustion chamber
Authors: Kostyukov Andrey V. , Valeev Anton G. , Dementiev Alexander A.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: intensive works in improvement and development of microturbine power plants for energy and transport continues worldwide. These works are still relevant due to near-to-zero emissions of microturbines, as well as due to the fact that microturbines efficiency can be increased up to 50% and above, which opens the potential to compete with well-known power plants in the foreseeable future, including in terms of efficiency. Therefore, the work on the study of a low-toxic combustion chamber for a microturbine seems relevant as well.
AIM: Сomputational and experimental study of an individual tubular low-toxic combustion chamber of a 50 kW microturbine with an increase in pressure at the inlet to the chamber.
METHODS: The description of the experimental facility for combustion chamber testing and the results of its experimental study are given. A sufficient convergence of the experimentally obtained parameters of the combustion chamber with the parameters obtained from the simulation modeling of flow and combustion in the combustion chamber was obtained.
RESULTS: In the course of the calculated and full-scale studies, hydraulic losses, nitrogen oxide emissions, and temperature unevenness at the outlet of the combustion chamber with increasing air pressure at its inlet were determined.
CONCLUSIONS: The calculated study showed a significant effect of an increase in air pressure from 3 to 3.5 bar at the entrance to the combustion chamber on its main parameters. Thus, hydraulic losses have more than doubled and nitrogen oxide emissions have increased almost 1.3 times. The conducted experimental study of the combustion chamber generally confirmed the results of mathematical modeling and thereby tested the computational model used. Thus, the discrepancy in the experimentally and computationally obtained values of relative pressure losses in the combustion chamber does not exceed 15%, and in emissions of nitrogen oxides 7%.
The importance of the scientific school created on the basis of the Department of Histology of the Kazan State Medical University (on the occasion of the 160th anniversary of the department)
Authors: Boychuk Natalia V. , Nigmetzyanova Maria V. , Vorobyov Vadim S.
Published: April 2024

The paper gives a general description of the Kazan neurohistological school, formed on the basis of the Department of Histo­logy of the Imperial Kazan University. The creation of the school is inextricably linked with the name of Professor K.A. Arnstein and his direct students— A.S. Dogel and A.E. Smirnova. The classification of neurons of the autonomic nervous system created by A.S. Dogel is widely known. Due to the efforts of A.E. Smirnov scientific relationships were established with the school of S. Ramon-y-Cajal. Subsequent generations of Kazan histologists (D.A. Timofeev, A.N. Mislavsky, B.I. Lavrentyev) with their research in the field of morphology of the nervous system increased the glory of the Kazan neurohistological school. Its branches gave a powerful impetus to the development of neuromorphology in other domestic scientific laboratories (B.I. Lavrentiev, Moscow; A.S. Dogel, St.Petersburg; N.G. Kolosov, Volga region). Histologists also maintained constant contact with clinicians. Outstanding neurologists who worked in Kazan— V.M. Bekhterev and L.O. Darkshevich— in their research actively collaborated with employees of the Department of Histology— K.A. Arnstein and A.S. Dogel. In the early 20s of the 19th century, surgeon P.M. Krasin carried out detailed work on the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves, ophthalmologist A.G. Agababov was the first to describe the endings of sensory nerves in the ciliary muscle. Conducting independent research, dentist I.M. Oksman and his students developed the theory of the innervation of the tooth and oral mucosa, making their contribution to the study of the organization of the nervous system. The last quarter of the 20th century was marked by the active work of Professor E.G. Ulumbekov, who managed to organize several schools of neurobiology in Kazan on the basis of the Department of Histology, bringing together young and famous scientists involved in research of nervous tissue. Students of E.G. Ulumbekov (Yu.A. Chelyshev, N.P. Rezvyakov, V.V. Valiullin, R.R. Islamov) continued the work of previous generations of histologists, preserving the traditions of the Kazan neurohistological school.
Neurochemical markers of coping intelligence
Authors: Kuvaeva Irina O. , Volkova Elena V.
Published: April 2024

Coping intelligence is associated with an individual’s ability to overcome stressful situations, maintaining health potential and increasing the potential for personal development. This study is a systematic review of biochemical and neuronal markers of different levels of coping intelligence, which determine different lines of human development in stressful situations. 45 publications selected from the Nature and RSCI electronic databases were analyzed, the results were summarized in three sections: (1) genetic and epigenetic correlates of individual differences in coping intelligence; (2) neurochemical systems of coping intelligence (glucocorticoids, interleukins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines); (3) manifestations of stable and regressive lines of development of the subject in stressful situations. Molecular genetic determinants of coping intelligence were systematized according to the following systems: serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, etc. The interaction of neurochemical systems (catecholamines, glucocorticoids, interleukins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, monoamines) reflects the peculiarities of the stress reaction in humans and determines the development line of the subject in stressful situations. Genetic predisposition, unfavorable epigenetic factors and chronic stress increase the risk of developing stress-related diseases (regressive line of development). A stable stress-coping system is associated with a balance of mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, an optimal ratio of cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, a sufficient level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and a healthy microbiota (stable line). A review of the literature indicated the need to analyze neurochemical systems (monoamines, opioid receptors, acetylcholine, microbiota) that determine a high level of coping intelligence (a progressive line of human development in stressful situations). The study of neurochemical markers of coping intelligence should be accompanied by personality analysis (mental representations of stress, coping strategies) to provide personalized medical care and preserve a person’s health potential.
Activities of the institute of gubernatorial power to coordinate measures to combat the epidemicof syphilis and leprosy among the population of the northern outskirts of EasternSiberia in the 19th century
Authors: Gaidarov Gaidar M. , Alekseevskaya Tatyana I. , Demidova Tatyana V. , Sofronov Oleg Yu.
Published: April 2024

This study examines the functions of governors general, governors and heads of regions in coordinating measures and activities to develop medical care for the indigenous population of the northeastern districts of Eastern Siberia, who suffered from syphilis and leprosy that spread in the 19th century. A study of regulations, reports, telegrams, petitions, lectures, dispatches, orders, statements, instructions, correspondence of officials showed that the interaction between the administration of the Governor General, regional commanders, civil governors, district administration, medical boards and the Order of public charity was devoted to issues financing the organization of hospitals, drug supply, medical trips to the districts, wages and benefits for medical officials. The availability of medical care to the population of remote districts, associated with a shortage of personnel, difficulties in supplying medicines, pharmaceutical supplies, hospital supplies and food for patients, remained at a low level. Decisive and effective actions by the authorities were needed to preserve and increase the human resource in underdeveloped territories — one of the main wealth of the state. The article presents facts of the practical participation of governors general, governors of the Irkutsk province, chiefs (civil governors) of the Yakut region of Siberian (1803–1822), East Siberian (1822–1887), and then Irkutsk (1887–1917) governor generals in the decision issues of organizing medical care for the population of the northern districts. Historical facts indicate the implementation of state policy in matters of preserving the people of the outlying territories of Russia, the need to provide medical care to the population in hospital conditions. The study is based on archival sources of a record-keeping nature, available legislative acts and epistolary literature.
Treatment of a four-year-old child with destructive pneumonia
Authors: Tsyleva Yulia I. , Belov Sergey A. , Grigoryuk Alexander A. , Kozlov Yuri V.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with destructive pneumonia remains one of the most difficult problems in pediatric surgery. Modern possibilities of antibacterial and intensive care, minimally invasive endoscopic intraluminal technologies, as well as surgical techniques have reduced the number of adverse outcomes up to 4%. The type of surgical intervention and the time of its performance depend on the disease form, child’s general state, local changes in the bronchi and pleural cavity, as well as on technical capabilities of the clinic.
CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: The article presents a clinical observation of the complex treatment of a 4-year-old patient with destructive pneumonia complicated by a bronchial fistula. Intensive and antibiotic therapy stabilized the child’s condition, eliminated manifestations of multiple organ failure, and drained the pleural cavity to resolve tension pyothorax. The programmed thoracoscopy provided an adequate sanation of the pleural cavity, assessed dynamics of the inflammatory process and allowed to position drains under visual control. The fistula of the lower lobe bronchus was closed with a valve bronchoblocker after elimination of the local erosive and ulcerative lesion. A clinical success of such management was manifested with inflammatory process remission, bronchopleural fistula closure, pleural empyema removal. Due to this, deblocking was done three months after discharge from the hospital. At the control examination, the patient had no fistula, most part of the affected lung was preserved, post-inflammatory changes in the pleural cavity were minimal.
CONCLUSION: The favorable outcome after treatment of children with destructive pneumonia depends on personalized and multidisciplinary approach. Minimally invasive endoscopic techniques do contribute to the effective elimination of complications, to effective functional restoration of the affected lung and to better recovery of patients.
Ultrasound diagnostics of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children: a review of clinical cases
Authors: Titova Elena A. , Gurevich Angelika I. , Razumovsky Alexander Y. , Mitupov Zorikto B. , Margaryan Sergei R.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound is a method of choice which is recommended in patients with portal hypertension for diagnosing and monitoring the disease, since it is informative, non-invasive, available and can be performed at patient’s bedside. The problem of portal hypertension in adults, methods of its diagnostics and treatment are widely covered in the medical literature. In clinical practice, portal hypertension in adults in most cases has an intrahepatic form and is associated with cirrhosis as the consequence of chronic liver diseases. Unlike in adults, portal hypertension in children is more often extrahepatic and is associated with some block to the blood flow through the portal vein. Portal vein impaired patency may be caused by thrombosis due to catheterization of umbilical vessels, omphalitis, peritonitis, developmental malformation of the portal system. A considerable difference in the frequency of portal hypertension forms in children and adults impacts the strategy of ultrasound diagnostic examination.
CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: The article presents two clinical observations of extrahepatic form of portal hypertension in children aged one year one month and seven years. The authors demonstrate potentials and main aspects of ultrasound diagnostics in this pathology. They also underline the priority of assessing the portal system patency so as to detect cavernous transformation in the portal vein. Echographic signs such as changes in echogenicity and liver structure, presence of uneven bumpy contour, dilation of portal vessels, recanalization of the umbilical vein, ascites are not typical for the extrahepatic form of portal hypertension in children.
CONCLUSION: In children with extrahepatic portal hypertension, clinical manifestations such as enlarged abdomen, changed blood tests and ecchymoses on the body may be unnoticed for a long time. Bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach is met as a frequent sign in children. Therefore, it is of particular importance to allocate newborn children from the risk group (with umbilical vascular catheterization, omphalitis, etc. in the anamnesis) to the special diagnostic group with detailed ultrasound examination of the liver, Dopplerographic assessment of portal vein patency so as to identify possible signs of portal hypertension as early as possible.
Assessment of the dynamics of concentration of biomarkers of acute kidney injury in remote shock wave lithotripsy in children
Authors: Zorkin Sergey N. , Nikulin Oleg D. , Semikina Elena L. , Snovskaya Marina A. , Shakhnovskiy Dmitriy S. , Bayazitov Rimir R.
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND: For several decades, remote shock wave lithotripsy has been considered a universally recognized gold standard for the treatment of upper urinary tract concrements. Despite its noninvasiveness, each lithotripsy session causes acute kidney injury which cannot be reliably assessed with traditional indicators used in nephrourology. Currently, new modern indicators found in the urine and serum are thought to be more informative biomarkers. In this paper, we investigated the effectiveness of some of them for possible potentials in the diagnostics of acute kidney injury in remote lithotripsy.
AIM: To evaluate changes in acute kidney injury biomarkers during remote shock wave lithotripsy in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: 54 children with urolithiasis, who had a session of remote shock wave lithotripsy, were enrolled in the study. In all patients, samples of urine and blood serum were taken three times for assessing biomarkers concentration: before lithotripsy session, after 45 min and after 24 h.
RESULTS: Statistically significant changes in the concentration of all urine biomarkers (NGAL, L-FABP, TIMP-2, calbindin-D, KIM-1) were registered at the basal level and 45 min after the procedure. A number of markers studied by us in the blood serum showed more significant changes 24 h after the procedure (IL-18, TNF-α). Although IGFBP-1 concentration increased slightly after 45 min, this change was not statistically significant (p 0.781). The level of cystatin C did not increase after lithotripsy.
CONCLUSION: The performed analysis of changes in biomarkers concentration has revealed a sufficiently high informative value of biomarkers in assessing the degree of acute kidney injury during remote lithotripsy in children. It also allows to suggest that the studied biomarkers may be promising indicators characterizing such an injury.
Development of the Social System in Russian Regions: Issues of Digitization and Institutional Trust
Authors:   St Petersburg State University, Romanenko Veronika V. , Borodkin Maksim A. ,   St Petersburg State University
Published: April 2024

The study examines the digitalization of the social service system and institutional trust in the primary providers of social services. The article showcases the findings of a survey conducted on 2031 Internet users across three regions of the country – St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk Region, and Krasnodar Territory. These regions are actively embracing new approaches to social service provision, digitalization, and cross-sector collaboration. The survey results reveal a generally low level of trust in the social service system across all surveyed regions. There is a prevalent pessimism regarding the system's performance, combined with a relatively modest level of trust in non-governmental social assistance organizations, excluding volunteer movements. The latter are notably perceived with increased trust and garner widespread interest. Furthermore, the study indicates a significant potential for expanding online communication on social issues. However, the utilization of the online format is largely contingent on the age bracket of the respondents. The author suggests opportunities for enhancing communication between recipients of social services and service providers through online platforms. The study findings contribute to the understanding of transformation processes and inform strategies for improving social assistance delivery. The article highlights the importance of recognizing the region's population heterogeneity, particularly the age structure, when designing interventions such as informing about social assistance initiatives, facilitating online interactions between service recipients and providers, and engaging service beneficiaries in dialogues with social services.
The Main Issue of Political Economy as an Integral Part of Marxism
Authors:   Independent Researcher, Yeliseev Vladimir N.
Published: April 2024

The article examines the fundamental problem associated with the definition of the initial category of political economy as an integral part of Marxism. The study of this issue is necessary for a holistic materialistic understanding of history. The author associates the solution of this problem with the formation of an integral theoretical system of a humanistic society. The author considers "man" as the generic "beginning" of this science. This allows us to rethink the logic of socio-economic development of society, to form at a strict categorical level its holistic scientific concept in a humanistic dimension. The paper examines in detail the discussions of the political economy of socialism in the Soviet period, which allows us to identify the main contradictions and form generalizing conclusions.
The Influence of Social and Cultural Factors on the Stability of Economic Institutions in Russia
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Shakhova Daria I.
Published: April 2024

If earlier the study of the impact of informal institutions and cultural values on economic development was not part of the mainstream, now, with the expansion of the boundaries of economic analysis, there is an understanding that it is extremely difficult to ensure its completeness without studying socio-cultural factors. The sustainability of any institution, both effective and ineffective, is supported, fixed in the institutional environment by the existing cultural and behavioral attitudes adopted in society. One of the most important attitudes that will be considered in this article is the attitude of Russian culture bearers to "Western values". Analyzing this attitude in dynamics will allow us to better understand the relationship between formal and informal norms in our country and possible obstacles to their effective coexistence.
On the Discourse on the Development of the Theory of Change Management in the Context of the Mobilization Orientation of the Economy
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Shchepakin Mikhail B.
Published: April 2024

A critical analysis of the scientific views of various scientists and researchers in relation to the categorical apparatus of the theory of change management is carried out, which makes it possible to form an integration approach to transformations in the developing socio-economic system in the vector of marketing and behavioral adaptation of business and government to turbulent challenges of various types and the requirements of the mobilization orientation of the economy. Within the framework of the discourse on the interpretation of essential paradigmatic aspects in the field of development of the theory of change management in the economy, it is stated that it is necessary to strengthen the influence of state influences on the ongoing changes of a transformative nature (innovative, modernization, restructuring and others), which should be accompanied by strengthening the moral and value potential in society, activation of the motivational dominant for the growth of social well-being in as well as strengthening the confidence of societies in the ongoing changes at all stages of the mobilization transformation of the socio-economic system as a whole. The importance of the moral and value potential of human resources is argued, which, on the one hand, should be a key element of the integration approach to managing changes in the business sector and in the socio-economic system as a whole, and on the other hand, should be a trigger in increasing the pace and quality of transformations in the country aimed at gaining economic and technological sovereignty.
Forensic Analysis of Lung Cancer from Secondhand Smoke Exposure of a Motel Worker
Authors: Repace James
Published: April 2024

Background: In July 2018, Ms. PJM, a 50-year-old lifelong nonsmoker, was diagnosed with primary Stage IV lung adenocarcinoma with secondary metastasis to the brain, after being hospitalized for a fall in the motel where she worked, in Los Angeles, California. She had been employed as a maid cleaning rooms in this motel for 20 years, where she was exposed to secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke daily. Her death certificate, dated June 2021, declared metastatic lung cancer to be the cause of her death at age 53. Occupational disability and death claims filed by her attorney were contested by her employer. Aims: To conduct a forensic analysis using mathematical modeling to quantify Ms. PJM’s toxic secondhand and thirdhand smoke exposures, in order to estimate her risk of lung cancer from exposure to tobacco combustion products and other potential carcinogenic agents to which she might have been exposed. Methods: A quantitative analysis employing assessment of Hazard, Exposure, Dose, Dose-Response, and Risk plus a Discussion of Uncertainty. It is routinely used by U.S. federal regulatory agencies, including the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Results: Ms. PJM’s modeled exposure to fine particulate matter from secondhand smoke ranged from the Hazardous to Significant Harm Levels of the EPA Air Quality Index for fine particles (PM2.5). Her modeled dose of serum cotinine ranged from the 90th to beyond the 95th percentile of nonsmokers’ dose, measured in a statistical sample of the U.S. nonsmoking population. Her estimated risk exceeds OSHA’s Significant Risk of Material Impairment of Health Level by a factor of three. She is estimated to have been exposed to the thirdhand smoke of at least 1.4 million cigarettes outgassing from room surfaces during her 20 years of labor. As for potential confounders, there were no known carcinogens in any of the cleaning agents she used; there is no evidence that she was exposed to asbestos, and she resided in a low-radon area of Los Angeles. Conclusions: As a result of her occupational exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke, Ms. PJM lost an estimated 33 years of life expectancy. The State of California has been remiss in failing to extend its workplace smoking ban to hotels and motels, leaving their workstaff at grave risk of the manifold diseases of passive smoking.
Vaccination against Pertussis in the era of acellular and whole-cell vaccines
Authors: Cruz Enrique , Reyes Erika , Maithal Kapil , Kitaka Sabrina , Ankunda Collins , Casellas Javier , Singh Malook , Nikiema Frederic , Basa Jessabelle , Sheku Mahmud , Zazueta Oscar
Published: April 2024

Pertussis in a highly infectious respiratory disease, and even though vaccination has been globally implemented since the 1940s, we are far from elimination, and even still suffering from many outbreaks throughout the world. This comprehensive review is tailored primarily for clinicians and healthcare practitioners, aiming to deepen their insights into the evolving dynamics of Pertussis over time since the first whole-cell Pertussis vaccine was started. It delves into the high reactogenicity and alleged severe neurologic effects, which were later conclusively disproven. The ensuing repercussions of these early challenges manifested in multiple outbreaks, compelling the scientific community to respond proactively. This led to the development and subsequent implementation of acellular Pertussis vaccines, marked by an improved safety profile. Moreover, the exclusive adoption of acellular Pertussis vaccines for widespread immunization in certain countries resulted in a notable surge in Pertussis cases. Subsequent investigations, conducted through both animal models and epidemiological studies, elucidated that acellular Pertussis vaccines exhibited a considerably diminished mucosal immunity. Consequently, nasopharyngeal carriage showed minimal reduction, leading to a substantial decline in indirect or herd immunity when compared to whole-cell Pertussis vaccines. Conversely, numerous developing countries presently incorporate whole-cell Pertussis vaccines either independently or in conjunction with acellular formulations. In light of this, precise recommendations must be systematically addressed to cultivate a more unified and pragmatic landscape for immunization strategies. These recommendations should be rooted in the latest scientific data and aligned with the guidelines articulated by both the World Health Organization and the Global Pertussis Initiative. This concerted approach aims to optimize immunization practices on a global scale, fostering a harmonized and evidence-based framework for combating Pertussis. Relevant and updated issues concerning maternal, adolescent and adult vaccination are addressed, as well as the ongoing pipeline of new intramuscular and mucosal vaccines, and finally emphasizing the continuous need for improved surveillance and pharmacovigilance systems.