bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The rare genus Myoplatypus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Platypodinae): three new species, new reports, and first records for South America
Authors: KIRKENDALL LAWRENCE R. , ATKINSON THOMAS H.
Published: September 2023

We describe three new species of Myoplatypus Wood, 1993: from Peru, Myoplatypus petrovi Kirkendall new species; from Honduras, M. quadricornis Kirkendall new species; from Nicaragua (M. nicaraguensis Kirkendall new species). We transfer Platypus biprorus Blandford, 1896 and Platypus sicarius Wood, 1971 into Myoplatypus, and we synonymize Platypus querceus Wood, 1971 with M. biprorus. The net result of these actions is a genus comprising nine tropical and one temperate American species. Males of all species are illustrated by photographs and a key to all species is provided. The collections reported here include the first South American records of Myoplatypus, a genus hitherto known only from North and Central America. Most Myoplatypus species are known from just one or a few collections and none of the tropical species are very widespread; only five tropical species have any known hosts (Quercus [Fagaceae] for three of them). The paucity of specimens could be because of peculiarities of biology that lead to them being under-collected (such as restriction to high elevations), but it also could be that they are narrow endemics, in which case these pinhole borer species deserve conservation attention.
Nosotros describimos tres nuevas especies de Myoplatypus Wood, 1993: de Perú, Myoplatypus petrovi Kirkendall espécie nueva; de Honduras, M. quadricornis Kirkendall espécie nueva; de Nicaragua, M. nicaraguensis Kirkendall espécie nueva. Platypus biprorus Blandford, 1896 y Platypus sicarius Wood, 1971 se transfieren a Myoplatypus, y Platypus querceus Wood, 1971 se sinonimiza con M. biprorus Blandford. El resultado neto de estas acciones es un género que consiste en nueve espécies tropicales y una templada. Los machos de todas las especies están ilustrados con fotografías y se da una clave para todas las especies. Las colecciones reportadas aquí incluyen los primeros registros sudamericanos de Myoplatypus, un género hasta ahora conocido solo en América del Norte y América Central. La mayoría de las especies de Myoplatypus se conocen a partir de solo una o unas pocas colecciones y ninguna de las especies tropicales está muy extendida; sólo cinco especies tropicales tienen hospedadores conocidos (tres de ellos son robles). La escasez de especímenes podría deberse a algunas peculiaridades de la biología que los llevan a una recolección insuficiente (como la restricción a grandes alturas), pero también podría ser que sean endémicos estrechos, en cuyo caso estas especies de barrenadores merecen atención de conservación.
A comprehensive review on in-plane and through-the-thickness auxeticity in composite laminates for structural applications
Authors: Veloso Cristiano , Mota Carlos , Cunha Fernando , Sousa Jose , Fangueiro Raul
Published: September 2023

Auxetic laminates are part of a fascinating branch of materials denominated as auxetics, which display a NPR (Negative Poisson’s Ratio), an uncommon property in the engineering world. Auxeticity is at the root of enhancements in shear and indentation resistance, fracture toughness and energy absorption, making the design of NPR a desirable feat in structural engineering. In composite laminates made of conventional, i.e. positive Poissons ratio, materials, auxeticity is a result of the combination between particular angular configurations and anisotropic materials. Such laminates can be used in a wide array of engineering applications, especially those which require high energy absorption capacity, including aerospace, personal defense and sports industries. This review focuses on particular property enhancements reported in the scientific world brought about by the design and application of IP (In-plane) and TTT (Through-the-thickness) NPR fibre-reinforced polymer laminates under QSI (Quasi-static indentation), LVI (Low-velocity impact) and fatigue solicitations. Furthermore, some insight is given on some possible future paths for further investigation of this topic.
Costus igneus, ‘the Insulin plant’ causing hypoglycaemia: Two case reports
Authors: Kaki Alfia Rachel , Savino Kevingulie
Published: September 2023

Costus igneus, commonly known as the ‘Insulin plant’ has been traditionally used in India to lower blood sugar levels. Its method of action is through a protein peculiar to itself, which has hypoglycaemic action. It therefore may prove harmful if used in excess, or together with other hypoglycaemic agents.
The public legitimacy of elite athletes’ political activism: German survey evidence
Authors: Meier Henk Erik , Gerke Markus , Müller Swantje , Mutz Michael
Published: September 2023

Athletes have again started to take a visible stance on various political and social issues, which has stirred fierce controversies. Existing research has a strong US bias, and, to extend the range of research, we conducted a German survey on the perceived legitimacy of athletes’ political activism. The evidence suggests that the US debate cannot simply be transferred to other political and cultural contexts. The German respondents did not generally disapprove of athletes employing sporting venues as political stages. However, they are primarily willing to accept political activism in cases where the claims made are congruent with their political beliefs and with hegemonic political values. The perceived legitimacy of more controversial forms of athletes’ political activism depends on political ideology, political activism and political tolerance. For international sport governing bodies, the results indicate a dilemma: western audiences approve of athletes’ political activism, which is congruent with their own political values, but seem unwilling to accept activism making other claims.
From Work-To-Family Conflict to Father-Infant Bonding: The Role of Marital Satisfaction
Authors: Matijaš Marijana , Lovrić Barbara , Nakić Radoš Sandra
Published: September 2023

Bonding, as parental feelings and thoughts toward a child, can be challenging for employed parents due to work-family role conflict. This study aimed to investigate concurrent associations between work-to-family conflict dimensions (time-, strain-, and behavior-based) and father-infant bonding, with marital satisfaction as a potential mediator. Employed fathers (N = 170) from Croatia who had infants (1–12 months old) completed questionnaires on work-family conflict, marital satisfaction, bonding, and questions on demographic and job-related data. Path analysis showed that the time-, strain-, and behavior-based conflict did not have direct effects on father-infant bonding. However, strain-based work-to-family conflict indirectly affected father-infant bonding through marital satisfaction. Fathers who experienced higher strain-based work-to-family conflict reported decreased marital satisfaction, negatively impacting father-infant bonding. To improve the bonding experience for fathers, the spousal relationship should be taken into account. Additionally, family-friendly policies at work should focus primarily on reducing the fathers’ strain-based work-to-family conflict.
Effects of Different Types of Probiotics on Microbial Colonization in Saliva of Orthodontic Patients—In Vivo Study
Authors: Latta Tanvi
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus count is found to be higher in orthodontic patients and is one of the leading causes of white spot lesion formation. Probiotics are emerging as alternative methods of plaque control.

Aims and Objectives

To determine the effects of different types of probiotics on S. mutans and Lactobacillus levels in saliva of orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods

A total of 140 subjects were divided into Control group (Group I) with 20 subjects and study group taking probiotics (Group II) with 120 subjects. Saliva samples were taken at baseline ( T0), after three weeks ( T1), and after six weeks ( T2). The samples were diluted and incubated on specific agar media plates. The colonies observed were expressed in colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) of saliva. Group II was further subdivided into six subgroups based on probiotic intake with 20 subjects in each subgroup.

Results

Statistically significant difference was found in salivary microbial counts in all the probiotic groups ( p < 0.05). The highest reduction in count of S. mutans (653.00 ± 102.23 CFU/ml to 84.1 ± 30.48 CFU/ml) and Lactobacilli (87.35 ± 15.64 CFU/ml to 14.60 ± 8.28 CFU/ml) was seen in the lozenges group.

Conclusion

Probiotics decrease the number of salivary S. mutans and Lactobacilli and lozenges could be considered for orthodontic fixed appliance patients.
Circadian Adaptation of Melatonin and Cortisol in Police Officers Working Rotating Shifts
Authors: Kosmadopoulos Anastasi , Boudreau Philippe , Kervezee Laura , Boivin Diane B.
Published: September 2023

Misalignment of behavior and circadian rhythms due to night work can impair sleep and waking function. While both simulated and field-based studies suggest that circadian adaptation to a nocturnal schedule is slow, the rates of adaptation in real-world shift-work conditions are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of adaptation of 24-h rhythms with 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s) and cortisol in police officers working rotating shifts, with a special attention to night shifts. A total of 76 police officers (20 women; aged 32 ± 5.4 years, mean ± SD) from the province of Quebec, Canada, participated in a field study during their 28- or 35-day work cycle. Urine samples were collected for ~32 h before a series of day, evening, and night shifts to assess circadian phase. Before day, evening, and night shifts, 60%-89% of officers were adapted to a day schedule based on aMT6 rhythms, and 71%-78% were adapted based on cortisol rhythms. To further quantify the rate of circadian adaptation to night shifts, initial and final phases were determined in a subset of 37 officers with suitable rhythms for both hormones before and after 3-8 consecutive shifts (median = 7). Data were analyzed with circular and linear mixed-effects models. After night shifts, 30% and 24% of officers were adapted to a night-oriented schedule for aMT6s and cortisol, respectively. Significantly larger phase-delay shifts (aMT6s: −7.3 ± 0.9 h; cortisol: −6.3 ± 0.8 h) were observed in police officers who adapted to night shifts than in non-adapted officers (aMT6s: 0.8 ± 0.9 h; cortisol: 0.2 ± 1.1 h). Consistent with prior research, our results from both urinary aMT6s and cortisol midpoints indicate that a large proportion of police officers remained in a state of circadian misalignment following a series of night shifts in dim-light working environments.
A Tale of Two Systems: Choice and Equity in the District of Columbia’s Charter Schools
Authors: Eisenlohr Andrew , Kennedy Kate , Bulkley Katrina E. , Marsh Julie A.
Published: September 2023

Advocates often predict that school choice policies will expand access to high-quality schools, particularly for marginalized communities. To interrogate this assumption, we employed a sequential mixed-methods analysis examining the state of charter reform in the District of Columbia. We observed that stakeholders consistently defined equity as uniform processes, evident in data distribution and enrollment practices. We also uncovered persistent disparities in where students live versus learn. We conclude that race-neutral conceptions of equity may hinder attempts to improve school access by ignoring structural inequalities tied to race, place, and income and by overlooking privileged households’ efforts to remain separate.
FKN secreted by kidney epithelial cells regulates macrophage activation in lupus nephritis via the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Zuo Yao , Pan Xiuhong , Wang Xiaochao , You Yanwu
Published: September 2023

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a serious complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Previously, we showed that fractalkine (FKN) expression was positively correlated with the severity of LN. Here, we aimed to study the role of the Hippo signaling pathway (HSP) and its interaction with FKN in LN in an attempt to provide novel strategies for LN treatment.

Methods

In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated THP-1 cells were co-cultured with FKN up-regulated or down-regulated kidney epithelial cells Hkb20. FKN-knockout (KO-FKN) mice were used to construct LN model. Flow cytometric analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), pathological staining, Western blot, and immunofluorescence (IF) staining were employed to investigate the role of FKN and its interaction with the Hippo signaling pathway (HSP) in LN.

Results

Up-regulation of FKN in kidney epithelial cells was associated with increased macrophage activation. FKN overexpression in kidney epithelial cells suppressed apoptosis, inflammation levels, and M1 polarization of THP-1 cells and inhibited the HSP. Oppositely, FKN knockdown in kidney epithelial cells increased apoptosis, inflammation, and M1 polarization and activated the HSP. HSP inhibitor reversed the effect of FKN knockdown on THP-1 cells. In LN mice, FKN knockout and YAP inhibitor decreased the levels of renal function markers, alleviated kidney injury induced by LN, and inhibited macrophage activation in LN mice.

Conclusions

FKN down-regulation reduced the activation of macrophages in renal tissue and alleviated kidney damage by activating HSP. The regulatory effect of FKN on HSP should be confirmed in patients with LN, and the mechanism of FKN in LN should be further explored.
Effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles on critical buckling load of glass/epoxy composites exposed to sunlight irradiation
Authors: Mirzapour Roudpishi Mohammad , Hosseini Farrash Sayyed Mahdi , Shaterzadeh Alireza
Published: September 2023

Today, advanced materials like fibrous composites are widely used in the industry due to their favorable strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance and many other suitable properties. Buckling phenomenon may occur in a thin composite structure subjected to high compressive loads. Moreover, the buckling strength of polymer based composites such as glass/epoxy decreases due to sunlight radiation. In this research, the effect of adding zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as a reinforcement to the matrix material of glass/epoxy composite on the critical buckling load of the beam specimens is investigated experimentally. In addition, samples are exposed to simulated sunlight irradiation and the effect of adding nanoparticles is investigated. Rectangular composite beams are made and reinforced with 1 wt. % of ZnO nanoparticles. Beams are clamped under tensile testing machine for buckling test. Compressive load is applied to the beams in the longitudinal direction and force-displacement graphs are plotted. Results indicate that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles into the epoxy resin increases the critical buckling load of these beams. As the results show, the critical buckling load of ZnO reinforced glass/epoxy specimens increases by %39.4 with respect to that of glass/epoxy samples. Moreover, to investigate the effect of adding nanoparticles after sunlight irradiation, some samples were placed in the accelerated weathering system for 24 h. Buckling test results represent a remarkable increase in the amount of critical buckling load for ZnO/glass/epoxy specimens even after the irradiation. SEM images of the break section of ZnO reinforced glass/epoxy specimens illustrate homogeneous dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles in the epoxy resin.
Main Challenges of Primary Health Care in Five Latin American Countries
Authors: Rojas-Torres Indiana-Luz , Herrera Richard de Jesús Gil
Published: September 2023

This article provides a description of integrated primary healthcare strategies in five Latin American countries to assess options for the implementation of a healthcare system based on Primary Care. Based on a document review of scientific articles and official documents from multilateral organisations, ministries, or health entities, it was possible to synthesise the Primary Health Care strategies that had been implemented to derive the main proposals that were potentially transferable. Argentina, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico have Primary Health Care actions aimed at promoting health and preventing diseases; Cuba is highlighted as a reference because of its family health model. The main difficulties are from healthcare system based on the neoliberal model and segmentation and fragmentation of healthcare services.This study provides important aspects of Primary Health Care, in terms of the need to revitalise with a family and community approach, integrating health services at three levels of primary prevention, intersectoral factors, community empowerment, resource allocation and training in human skills, as well as strengthening mental health and sexual health programmes. It concludes with suggestions for a more integrated Primary Health Care based on the strategies implemented and the local needs of the countries under study.
Concerns of the Patients with Lower Limb Amputation During Transition from Hospital to Home: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sharma Rashi , Shruti  , Kaur Sukhpal , Saini Uttam , Kaur Jaspreet
Published: September 2023

Background:

Amputation of the lower limb leads to marked physical disability and brings a significant and dramatic alteration to the patient’s life. Life with a sudden disability after discharge at home is not easy for a patient who had undergone amputation both physically as well as psychologically. But how the patients perceive the period of discharge is still an untouched area in literature.

Objective:

To explore the concerns of the patients with lower limb amputation during transition from hospital to home.

Methods:

A phenomenological research study was conducted in the amputation clinic of a tertiary care center in North India. Participants were the patients who had undergone lower limb amputation after sudden trauma. The tool used was an interview schedule, which comprised of(a) personal profile of the patients and (b) in-depth interview topic guide. In-depth interviews were conducted until data saturation. After 14 interviews, no fresh responses were received, and therefore, data collection was stopped after 16 interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s method of data analysis.

Results:

Based on the participants’ verbatim, a total of three themes and eight subthemes were extracted after data analysis. The main theme that emerged was different emotions at the time of discharge, and the subthemes extracted under this theme were “want to leave stressful environment of hospital,” “feeling more secure at hospital,” and “not willing for discharge—anxiety of facing society.” The second theme was “unexpected hardships in the home after discharge,” and subthemes extracted under this theme were “reactions of closed ones,” “facing reality of practical life-unimagined difficulties,” and “immediate comparison to previous healthy life.” The third theme that emerged was “the bright side of amputation,” and subthemes extracted under this theme were “understood the uncertainty of life” and “positive transformation in life.”

Conclusion:

The study findings highlighted that experience of each individual is unique. Therefore, an individualized and patient-tailored approach must be used while handling such patients. Furthermore, the life at home after amputation comes with multifaceted challenges. Hence, there is a need of rendering detailed discharge information and need-based counseling at the time of discharge.
Post-Hospitalization Problems and Nursing Care Needs of Patients who Underwent Thoracolumbar Spine Surgery
Authors: Thapar Geeta , Dhandapani Manju , Singla Navneet , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Thoracolumbar spine surgery is performed to relieve symptoms like radicular pain and numbness caused by conditions such as disc herniation, lumbar canal stenosis, and spondylolisthesis. Objective: To explore the problems experienced and nursing care needs of patients during home care after thoracolumbar spine surgery.

Methods

An exploratory study was conducted among 50 patients who underwent thoracolumbar spine surgery in Neurosurgery units, PGIMER, Chandigarh, from July 2018 to September 2020. The problems and nursing care needs were assessed by interviewing the participants telephonically, using an interview schedule comprising of (a) patient profile, (b) clinical variables, and (c) questionnaires to assess physical, psychological, functional, and other problems after discharge. Descriptive statistics (mean, frequency, and percentage) were applied to analyze the data.

Results

The patients experienced physical problems such as pain, numbness in lower limbs, weakness in limbs, and loss of bladder after discharge. The psychological problems that patients faced were early awakening, sleeplessness, worry about physical dependence on others, stress regarding the family’s role responsibility, and anxiety to return to the job. The common functional issues were difficulty in bathing, difficulty in ambulation, dependence in toileting, and the need for assistance in grooming. Furthermore, other problems perceived by patients were difficulty regarding follow-up in OPD, difficulty in understanding postoperative exercises, lack of understanding of postoperative instructions, and difficulty in carrying out wound dressing.

Conclusion

The findings of the study provide preliminary evidence that patients experience physical, psychological, and functional problems during their home care after thoracolumbar spine surgery. Hence, it is vital to develop strategies to address the issues by developing need-based nursing care guidelines.
Return to Sport After First Metatarsophalangeal Arthrodesis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baumann Anthony N. , Walley Kempland C. , Kermanshahi Nazanin , Anastasio Albert T. , Holmes James R. , Walton David M. , Talusan Paul G.
Published: September 2023

Background:

First metatarsophalangeal (MTP) arthrodesis is a common surgical intervention for addressing MTP pain and deformity. Despite great interest on the topic of return to sport (RTS) after first MTP arthrodesis in the literature, no systematic review exists on this topic. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate RTS after first MTP arthrodesis.

Methods:

This study is a systematic review using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and MEDLINE from database inception until May 10, 2023. Search algorithm used was (MTPJ OR MTP OR “hallux rigidus” OR cheilectomy OR metatarsal OR metatarsophalangeal) AND (arthrodesis OR fusion) AND sport. Inclusion criteria were surgical intervention of first MTP arthrodesis and outcomes related to sport.

Results:

Ten articles were included out of 249 articles initially retrieved. Patients (n = 450) had a frequency weighted mean (FWM) age of 58.6 ± 5.1 years with a FWM follow-up time of 32.1 ± 18.9 months. A total of 153 patients (reported in 34.0% of patients) had a FWM postoperative Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sport score of 70.4 ± 21.8 at final follow-up. For sporting activities reported by multiple studies (running, yoga, golf, hiking, tennis, elliptical, and biking), about 9.8% to 28.1% of patients (n = 69 reports) stated that sporting activity difficulty decreased, 67.2% to 87.5% of patients (n = 340 reports) stated that sporting activity remained the same, and 1.8% to 8.5% of patients (n = 23 reports) stated that sporting activity difficulty increased after first MTP arthrodesis depending on the sporting activity. One article reported RTS time of 11.7 ± 5.1 weeks after first MTP arthrodesis (n = 39).

Conclusion:

RTS after first MTP arthrodesis is highly variable depending on patient and sport. Numerous different sporting activities have high rates of RTS after first MTP arthrodesis, with a majority of patients reporting similar or increased ability to perform sporting activities after surgery.
Local Gun Safety Enforcement, Sheriffs, and Right-Wing Political Extremism
Authors: Farris Emily M. , Holman Mirya R.
Published: September 2023

An increasing number of U.S. sheriffs claim that they will not enforce gun safety policies from state and federal governments in their counties. As locally elected law enforcement with a unique institutional position and significant powers, sheriffs play a key role in local policy implementation. To better understand cooperation (or the lack thereof) between levels of government, we look at these sheriffs’ contentious relationships over firearm regulation. We argue that sheriffs mobilized to resist state and federal gun safety policies through right-wing extremist efforts, tracing the involvement of sheriffs in gun policy over time. Using two surveys of sheriffs (conducted in 2012 and 2021), we show that sheriffs’ preferences against gun safety measures relate to right-wing extremist attitudes, even with controls for political and demographic factors. We demonstrate relationships between sheriffs’ right-wing extremism and an expressed reluctance to support or enforce a wide set of gun safety policies.
Phytantriol
Authors: Tucker Regina , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed updated information that has become available since their original assessment from 2007, along with updated information regarding product types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that Phytantriol is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
Mink Oil
Authors: Tucker Regina , Bergfeld Wilma F. , Belsito Donald V. , Cohen David E. , Klaassen Curtis D. , Liebler Daniel C. , Rettie Allan E. , Ross David , Slaga Thomas J. , Snyder Paul W. , Tilton Susan , Fiume Monice , Heldreth Bart
Published: September 2023

The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety reviewed updated information that has become available since their original assessment from 1998, along with updated information regarding product types, and frequency and concentrations of use, and reaffirmed their original conclusion that Mink Oil is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in the practices of use and concentration as described in this report.
In vivo comparison of implantation behavior and laboratory analysis of two preloaded intraocular lens injectors
Authors: Baur Isabella D , Łabuz Grzegorz , Chychko Lizaveta , Yildirim Timur M , Naujokaitis Tadas , Auffarth Gerd U , Khoramnia Ramin
Published: September 2023

Purpose

We evaluated implantation behavior and injector damage of two different IOL injector systems, the Multisert and the AutonoMe.

Design

Prospective, randomized, comparative study with laboratory investigation.

Methods

We examined used injectors from 48 bilateral cataract cases and assessed video recordings of each Implantation. All eyes were intraindividually randomized for treatment with one of the two IOL injectors. Implantation videos were reviewed for inadvertent events and the time for different implantation steps was determined. The injector nozzle tips were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Damage was graded using the Heidelberg Score for IOL injector damage (HeiScore). Three months postoperatively, IOLs were assessed for material changes.

Results

Implantation was without critical events in 96 of 96 eyes. Mean implantation time was 41.90 ± 7.11 s with the Multisert and 52.22 ± 12.06 s with the AutonoMe. In the AutonoMe group, we observed 4 eyes (8.3%) with a failed docking attempt, 28 eyes (58.3%) with a haptic adherence, one case (2.1%) of straight leading haptic and 2 cases (4.2%) of intrawound IOL manipulation. There were no events observed in the Multisert group. The mean HeiScore values were 0.87 ± 0.61 and 3.68 ± 0.47 for the AutonoMe and Multisert. 3 months postoperatively, IOL material changes were absent.

Conclusions

Both injectors allowed safe and controlled implantation. Using Multisert, implantation behavior was more consistent. The injectors showed different damage profiles with a higher damage score for the Multisert. The study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; reference number: DRKS00007837).
Quality of life, depressive symptoms, suicidal behavior and social support among pregnant adolescents in Mexico
Authors: Soto-Chavarría Enrique , Hidalgo-Rasmussen Carlos , Nieto Lourdes
Published: September 2023

Background

Suicidal behavior in adolescents is a public health problem. Although it has been reported that there is a link between suicidal behavior and Quality of life (QoL), this relationship has not been explored in pregnant adolescents, nor have depressive symptoms been examined as mediators and social support as a moderator in a moderated mediation model.

Methods

In 2021, 143 pregnant adolescents between 13 and 19 years old from different states in Mexico were evaluated. The KIDSCREEN-52 instrument was applied to evaluate the Health-Related Quality of Life, the scale of expectation of living and dying of Okasha, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale, the family and partner support scale (AFA-R) and sociodemographic information. Moderated mediation analyses were completed.

Results

A relationship between QoL and suicidal behavior was found, and that relationship was mediated by depressive symptoms on all eighteen models. In addition, social support from the family moderated the mediation of depressive symptoms in 4 of 9 QoL dimensions, and social support from the partner moderated the mediating effect of depressive symptoms in 8 of 9 QoL dimensions.

Conclusion

The relationship between QoL and suicidal behavior was consistent with previous studies. The moderating role of social support and the mediation of depressive symptoms on the relationship between QoL and suicidal behavior were also consistent with the literature. Professionals who work with pregnant adolescents should consider both depressive symptoms and social support as important factors that influence QoL and suicidal behaviors.
Differential impacts of face masks for threat evaluations of Asian versus Black faces
Authors: Light Alysson E. , Reidinger Bronte , Henderson Marisa A. , Ma Debbie S.
Published: September 2023

Wearing face masks to prevent the spread of respiratory illnesses such as COVID-19 has the potential to impact social perception. In the present research, we explore differential consequences of wearing face masks for evaluations of Asian and Black faces. Drawing on theories of prejudice and differing stereotype content for Asian and Black people in the United States, we hypothesized that being depicted wearing a face mask would mitigate evaluations of threat more for Asian faces than for Black faces. Results of a 2 (mask status: face mask vs. no mask) × 3 (face race: Asian vs. Black vs. White) within-subjects design ( n = 365) generally supported hypotheses. Additional analyses using normed ratings of face stimuli from the Chicago Face Database showed that Asian faces showed the greatest increase in threat evaluations compared to norming data. These results highlight the unique impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related preventative health behavior on prejudice towards members of different racial groups.
Damage performance and failure analysis of reinforced concrete doubly curved shells under seismic excitations considering curvature and thickness variation
Authors: Makhloof DA , Ibrahim AR , Wei Xiaoli , Ren Xiaodan
Published: September 2023

Most of the past investigations on the structural response of the doubly curved shell (DCS) roofs under seismic excitation were limited to linear dynamic analysis, whereas nonlinear dynamic analysis was rarely introduced, making it difficult to understand their dynamic behavior and draw general conclusions. Therefore, in the current study, linear dynamic analysis (LDA) and nonlinear dynamic analysis (NLDA) are conducted in tandem to fill the gap in the literature and give a complete perception of how these roofs respond to earthquakes. To this end, an innovative automatic finite element-based design algorithm is developed to obtain the steel reinforcement in preparation for the NLDA. Accordingly, the current study exploits the multi-layered shell element incorporated with the multi-axial concrete damage plasticity model (implemented via VUMAT subroutine) and the developed design algorithm (via Python script) to perform the NLDA and accurately capture the structural response and damage performance of these roofs. Unlike most common structures, the results demonstrated that DCS is highly affected by the vertical component of the earthquake rather than the horizontal component. The NLDA revealed that the shell exhibits severe damage and a high displacement response under strong seismic excitations, which could not be captured via the LDA. Additionally, the failure analysis is performed for the studied roof, considering the variation in shell curvature and thickness. This analysis shows a notable decrease in the demand-capacity ratio and steel rebar’s stress with increasing the shell curvature. Consequently, according to the proposed performance levels, the shell’s state changed from the initial failure to the elastic state. In contrast, slight changes in the overall behavior are observed due to the variation in the shell thickness. Finally, a new formula is proposed to predict the damage induced in the DCS under seismic excitations.
Interpretive communities of resistance: Emerging counterpublics of immigration alarmism on social media
Authors: Figenschou Tine Ustad , Thorbjørnsrud Kjersti
Published: September 2023

Debates over immigration have become a defining political cleavage closely related to moral values, perceptions of threat, and the rise of online anti-immigration networks and agitation. Based on in-depth interviews with immigration alarmists, this article discusses how the participants’ anti-immigration position is sanctioned in their everyday social networks and how they find alternative networks online for information, community, and support. This online community takes the form of an emerging counterpublic, characterized by active curation and different levels of participation aimed at optimizing the trade-offs between gaining visibility (moderation and mobilization) and creating an alternative moral community (a “safe space” for peers). Combining notions of interpretative communities of resistance with the theory of counterpublics, the study provides insight into the internal life and values of emerging anti-immigration online communities.
High Mortality in Patients With an Ischemic Foot Ulcer Following Revascularization
Authors: Phirom Kochaphan , Rerkasem Kitttipan
Published: September 2023

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral arterial disease, which impairs blood flow to the extremities due to occlusion of arteries, in which patients suffer from ischemic pain at rest and gangrene or ulcers. It is frequently accompanied by major adverse cardiac events, resulting in exceedingly high mortality from a cardiac or cerebrovascular event in this population. Although there have been considerable amounts of novel and costly revascularization and wound dressing technology, mortality is still high. Therefore, the risk factors for such high mortality need to be addressed. This review aimed to summarize the potential risk factors for mortality in patients with CLI of the lower extremities. There are several such risk factors, including modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors. This review further discusses some highlighted major modified risk factors, including renal failure, cardiovascular, and diabetes. The strategy of regular surveillance and modification of such risk factors in any patients with CLI should be developed.
Are Educational Leaders of Color Truly Able to Lead for Equity? Maintaining the Status Quo or Disrupting Unequitable Systems?
Authors: Waite Shannon R. , Wilkerson Courtney
Published: September 2023

Dr. Gabriella Ramirez is the first female Latinx superintendent to lead Metropolitan City Public Schools a large urban public school district in the Northeast United States. Dr. Ramirez’s successful record of leading culturally responsive and sustaining education initiatives in several districts throughout her career made her the top choice for Metro City Public Schools (MCPSs). As an anti-racist, culturally responsive leader, she initiated several successful programs. However, she also recommended a major policy shift for the district. As a result, she faced the threat of a public smear campaign that would injure her professional reputation and career. This case study challenges current and aspiring leaders to consider how essential the development of their own critical consciousness is for leaders who identify as anti-racist and culturally responsive school leaders.
Collective Autoethnography as a Transformative Narrative Methodology
Authors: Karalis Noel Tiffany , Minematsu Aiko , Bosca Nikki
Published: September 2023

This article introduces Collective Autoethnography (CoAE), a participatory and democratic research methodology distinct from other autoethnographic methodologies in its emphasis on co-constructing narratives. We delineate a six-phase approach to conducting CoAE, which encompasses preparation, data collection, transcription, interpretation, thematic consensus, and narrative production. Each phase is explored in depth, illuminating the principles and techniques involved, and demonstrating CoAE’s potential for producing nuanced, multilayered narratives. As a demonstration of this methodology in practice, we draw from our experiences and provide a worked example that explores compassion-centric approaches to teaching in times of crisis. We underscore the significance of collaboration in CoAE, which enables a more comprehensive understanding of emergent themes and a more accurate representation of diverse experiences in the final narrative. Owing to its focus on shared meaning-making and mutual respect, CoAE is well-suited to anyone aiming to examine shared experiences within a community or group setting in a qualitative research context. This article serves as a comprehensive guide to researchers interested in leveraging this empowering methodology for explorative and collaborative narrative construction.
Online Focus Group Discussions to Engage Stigmatized Populations in Qualitative Health Research: Lessons Learned
Authors: Marley Gifty , Kay Jin Tan Rayner , Wang Tong , Li Chunyan , Byrne Margaret E. , Wu Dan , Wang Cheng , Tang Weiming , Ramaswamy Rohit , Luo Danyang , Sylvia Sean S. , Tucker Joseph D.
Published: September 2023

Community participation in research involving stigmatized populations has been sub-optimal, and digital tools could potentially increase participation in qualitative research. This study aims to describe the implementation of an online chat-based FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with men who have sex with men (MSM) in China as part of formative research for the PIONEER project, determine the advantages and limitations associated with the approach, and assess the feasibility of deepening community participation in STI research. Participants were involved in four days of asynchronous FGDs on sexually transmitted diseases and answered questions about the online FGD method. Online FGDs allowed us to deepen participant engagement through bidirectional communication channels. Data from online FGDs directly informed recruitment strategies and community participation for a clinical trial. Overall, 63% (29/46) of men who had never participated in offline LGBTQ + activities joined online FGDs. Many participants (89%, 41/46) noted that online FGDs were more convenient, less socially awkward, and more anonymous than in-person qualitative research. We highlighted potential risks as well as mitigation strategies when using online FGDs. Online FGDs were feasible among this group of sexual minorities and may be particularly useful in many cities where stigma limits in-person research participation.
Prerandomization withdrawals from a Type 2 diabetes self-care support intervention trial are associated with lack of available support person coparticipant
Authors: Roddy McKenzie K. , El-Rifai Merna , LeStourgeon Lauren , Aikens James E. , Wolever Ruth Q. , Greevy Robert A. , Mayberry Lindsay S.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

Dyadic interventions, involving two persons with a preexisting close relationship, offer the opportunity to activate support persons (SPs) to improve health for adults with chronic conditions. Requiring SP coparticipation can challenge recruitment and bias samples; however, the associations between voluntary SP coparticipation and recruitment outcomes across patient characteristics are unknown.

Methods

The Family/Friend Activation to Motivate Self-care 2.0 randomized controlled trial (RCT) enrolled adults with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) from an academic health system. Participants were asked—but not required—to invite an SP to coenroll. Using data from the electronic health record we sought to describe RCT enrollment in the setting of voluntary SP coparticipation.

Results

In a diverse sample of adults with (T2D) (48% female, 44% minoritized race/ethnicity), most participants (91%) invited SPs and (89%) enrolled with SPs. However, prerandomization withdrawal was significantly higher among participants who did not have consenting SPs than those who did. Females were less likely to invite SPs than males and more Black PWD were prerandomization withdrawals than randomized.

Discussion

Voluntary SP coenrollment may benefit recruitment for dyadic sampling; however, more research is needed to understand if these methods systematically bias sampling and to prevent these unintended biases.
The use, perceptions and knowledge of safety of over-the-counter medications during pregnancy in a Canadian population
Authors: Casey E , Velez MP , Gaudet L , Brogly SB
Published: September 2023

Background:

The prevalence of prenatal over-the-counter medication use in Canadian women is unknown.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study of prenatal over-the-counter medication use and safety knowledge was conducted among pregnant and post-partum women attending an academic hospital obstetrics clinic.

Results:

Seventy-two women participated; 90.3% were Caucasian, 69.4% had a college/university degree, and 61.1% lived in an urban area. Of the 72 women, 87.5% used over-the-counter medications prenatally, first (55.6%), second (65.3%), and third (47.2%) trimesters, with prenatal acetaminophen use most common (72.2%). Women who used over-the-counter medications 1–0onths before conception were more likely to use over-the-counter medications during pregnancy, and 18% of women initiated over-the-counter medications in pregnancy. Women self-reported a medium level of over-the-counter medication safety knowledge (73.6%) and responded that not all over-the-counter medications are safe during pregnancy (95.8%).

Conclusion:

Despite limited safety profiles of some over-the-counter medications, pre-conception and prenatal over-the-counter medication use was high. Further research on the risk of over-the-counter medications and combinations in pregnancy is needed to help women to make safe choices during pregnancy.
Streets and Stress: A Pilot Study on How Quality and Design of Streets Impacts on Urban Stress
Authors: Sadeghpoor Fereshteh , Ranjbar Ehsan , Esmaeilinasab Maryam , Valiloo Mir Hojjat Seyed , Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J.
Published: September 2023

Objectives:

To identify how quality and design of streets impacts urban stress.

Background:

Few studies have comprehensively addressed environmental factors affecting stress in urban public spaces. However, a remarkable portion of our everyday life is spent in public spaces, particularly streets.

Method:

This study seeks to evaluate the effect of three types of streets as major public spaces on stress. These include a street with the dominance of green spaces (A), a motorist-oriented street (B), and a pedestrian street (C). For this purpose, we selected a group of participants ( n = 16) aged 20-30, with an equal number of men and women who were generally healthy and had normal stress levels. Participants were asked to wear an electroencephalogram (EEG) headset, walk different streets, and answer the Perceived Restorativeness Scale (PRS) and urban design qualities questionnaires.

Results:

According to the results, participants experienced the highest stress in street type B and the lowest in type A.

Conclusions:

Green space and vegetation, a sense of security, privacy and coziness, climatic comfort, and safety of space had the most positive effect on stress reduction. Whereas noise pollution, vehicle traffic, and crowdedness were the most critical factors of stress. Finally, our findings suggest that the component of green space has a more significant effect on stress reduction compared with the elimination of vehicle traffic.
Clickbait or conspiracy? How Twitter users address the epistemic uncertainty of a controversial preprint
Authors: Bauer Mareike , Heimstädt Maximilian , Franzreb Carlos , Schimmler Sonja
Published: September 2023

Many scientists share preprints on social media platforms to gain attention from academic peers, policy-makers, and journalists. In this study we shed light on an unintended but highly consequential effect of sharing preprints: Their contribution to conspiracy theories. Although the scientific community might quickly dismiss a preprint as insubstantial and ‘clickbaity’, its uncertain epistemic status nevertheless allows conspiracy theorists to mobilize the text as scientific support for their own narratives. To better understand the epistemic politics of preprints on social media platforms, we studied the case of a biomedical preprint, which was shared widely and discussed controversially on Twitter in the wake of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Using a combination of social network analysis and qualitative content analysis, we compared the structures of engagement with the preprint and the discursive practices of scientists and conspiracy theorists. We found that despite substantial engagement, scientists were unable to dampen the conspiracy theorists’ enthusiasm for the preprint. We further found that members from both groups not only tried to reduce the preprint's epistemic uncertainty but sometimes deliberately maintained it. The maintenance of epistemic uncertainty helped conspiracy theorists to reinforce their group's identity as skeptics and allowed scientists to express concerns with the state of their profession. Our study contributes to research on the intricate relations between scientific knowledge and conspiracy theories online, as well as the role of social media platforms for new genres of scholarly communication.