bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COMPETENCIAS PARA LA INVESTIGACIÓN: EL TRABAJO FIN DE MÁSTER Y SU POTENCIALIDAD FORMATIVA
Authors: Viejo Carmen , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario
Published: June 2018

El artículo que aquí se presenta es expresión del proyecto de Innovación Docente que bajo el título “Aprendizaje estratégico en las enseñanzas de postgrado: desarrollo de la competencia metacognitiva para la investigación científica y su entrenamiento en el Trabajo Fin de Máster”, se viene realizando por un amplio número de docentes de un máster psicoeducativo de investigación. Una de las aportaciones más interesantes del llamado Plan Bolonia ha sido la incorporación del concepto competencia a la dinámica de la actividad de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Educación Superior. Las competencias que han de exigirse en los estudios de postgrado difieren en términos de calidad y especificidad de la de otros estudios superiores. Concretamente, cuando se trata de formar a los estudiantes universitarios para que sean capaces de enfrentar tareas científicas, se hace necesario prestar atención a competencias de alto nivel cognitivo que son las que están presentes en tareas de elección de problemas a investigar, dominio en la síntesis de conocimiento relevante para la investigación de un problema concreto, capacidad para formular preguntas y objetivos de investigación, así como para formular supuestos e hipótesis que guíen el trabajo científico. Todo ello debe adquirirse mientras se practica la actividad investigadora, que en el caso de los estudios de máster, se materializa en el denominado Trabajo Fin de Máster. El proyecto que aquí se presenta, ha tenido la finalidad de poner a prueba la adquisición de este tipo de competencias en el tránsito de la actividad docente del modelo asignaturas, al modelo de trabajo que se realiza mediante el asesoramiento y la supervisión del TFM. Los resultados del proyecto confirman que, efectivamente, la elaboración de un TFM estimula el pensamiento autónomo, y eleva la competencia intelectual en general y, en particular, las competencias que son necesarias para el comienzo de la actividad investigadora (tesis doctoral) tal y como propone la Declaración de Bergen.
Characterisation of pit latrine sludge from shackleton, a peri-urban residential area of Zimbabwe
Authors: Changara M. C. , Bangira C. , Sanyika W. T. , Misi S. N.
Published: June 2018

The objective of this study was to characterise the physical and chemical properties of human faecal sludge from various pit latrines in relation to the differences in usage and management practices of each pit over time. Physico-chemical parameters were measured from the sludge collected from the top layers of six different pit latrines that were sampled six times at an interval of 40 days. Data were also collected on pit user habits and management practices. Multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to determine the variations in sludge physico-chemical characteristics among the pits and the associations between these and user habits and management practices. The results showed that the sludge characteristics from the six pits were significantly different from each other (global test sample statistic (R): 0.862 and p < 0.002). This study also indicated that user habits were important determinants of pit sludge characteristics. This study scientifically contributes to knowledge on how pit management and usage practices determine the potential value and quality of pit latrine sludge for various anaerobic digestion applications for resource recovery. The findings also contribute the knowledge required for the management and treatment of pit latrine sludge, adoption and adaptation of new treatment technologies for local use.
Scale and consequences – the limits of the river basin as a management unit
Authors: Muller Mike
Published: June 2018

Contrary to dominant paradigms, the river basin is not the obvious unit within which to undertake water management given the diversity of functions inherent in water resource management. The Southern African experience is presented to illustrate issues that may arise when using the river basin for different functions. Functions best addressed at a larger ‘problem-shed’ level are identified and it is explained why some other functions should rather be performed at smaller, sub-basin scales. Using recent work on water governance, which emphasise polycentricity and network governance, it is suggested that a better understanding of the appropriate scales for different functions will support activities such as planning, monitoring and the protection of the aquatic environment that may best be focused at river basin scale.
Hekimlerin, Defansif Tıp Uygulamaları Hakkındaki Bilgi ve Tutumları, İşe Bağlı Gerginlik ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri
Authors: GÖÇEN Ömer , YILMAZ Ahmet , ASLANHAN Hamza , CELEPKOLU Tahsin , TUNCAY Suheyp , DİRİCAN Emre
Published: June 2018

Giriş: Defansif tıp, hekimlerin kendilerini tıbbi malpraktis davalarına karşı korumak amacı ile tanı ve tedaviye yönelik gereksiz işlemler kullanmaları veya malpraktis davası ile sonuçlanma riski yüksek tıbbi uygulamaların sorumluluğunu almamak için, bu tür uygulamalardan kaçınmalarıdır. Bu çalışma, Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesinde, dahili ve cerrahi tıp bilimlerinde çalışan araştırma görevlisi hekimlerin, defansif tıp uygulamaları hakkındaki bilgi ve tutumları, işe bağlı gerginlik ve tükenmişlik düzeylerini etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı-kesitsel tipteki bu çalışmanın örneklemi, orantılı tabakalı yöntemle oluşturulmuştur. Sosyodemografik veri formu, defansif tıp uygulamaları tutum ölçeği ve Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğini içeren anket, 200 hekime uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Yaş ortalaması 29,4±3,0 olan katılımcıların, % 70,5’i (n=141) erkek, %56’sı (n=112) evliydi. Pozitif ve negatif defansif tıp sıklığı, sırasıyla %98 (n=196), %92 (n=184) olarak bulunmuştur. Defansif tıp puanları, erkeklerde, cerrahi bilimlerde çalışanlarda, uzmanlık eğitiminin ilk 2 yılındakilerde, hakkında malpraktis davası açılanlarda ve sigara kullananlarda anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. İşe bağlı gerginlik düzeyi, cerrahi bilimlerde çalışanlarda, ayda 8 ve üzeri sayıda nöbet tutanlarda, hakkında malpraktis davası açılanlarda, sigara kullananlarda, alkol kullananlarda anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Hekimlerin, Maslach tükenmişlik ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortalamaları, duygusal tükenme için 31,57±11,67, duyarsızlaşma için 11,75±6,49, kişisel başarı için 29,46±7,72 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışmamızda, araştırma görevlisi hekimlerin büyük kısmının meslek ve uzmanlık dalı seçiminden memnun olmadıkları, defansif tıp kavramı hakkında bilgilerinin yetersiz ve tüm tükenmişlik boyutlarında, yüksek tükenmişlik oranlarının olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Defansif tıbbı daha fazla uygulayanların tükenmişlik düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.
Tip 2 Diyabetli Bireylerin Sağlık Kontrol Odaklarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KILIÇ Mustafa , ARSLAN Selda
Published: June 2018

Giriş/Amaç: Kronik hastalıkların yönetiminde kullanılmakta olan kontrol odağı, bireylerin hastalık karşısında sergilemişoldukları farklı davranışları açıklamak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, diyabetli bireylerin sağlık kontrol odaklarını veetkileyen faktörleri incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel türde bir çalışmadır. Veriler,kent merkezinde yaşayan 325 diyabetli bireyden toplanmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket formu ve Çok Boyutlu SağlıkKontrol Odağı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan hastaların yaş ortalaması 53.3±8.0 yıl olup, %51.4’ü kadın,%88.9’u evli, %69.8’i ilkokul mezunu, %43.7’si ev hanımıdır. Ölçeğin; İç Kontrol Odağı alt boyutundan 25.3±6.8, GüçlüBaşkaları Kontrol Odağı alt boyutundan 27.3±4.7, Şans Kontrol Odağı alt boyutundan 17.9±5.5 puan aldığı belirlenmiştir. İçkontrol odağında; medeni durum, öğrenim durumu, yaşadığı kişi, düzenli egzersiz yapma, düzenli diyabet diyeti uygulamadurumu anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Güçlü başkaları kontrol; düzenli diyabet diyetine uyma, düzenli sağlık kontrolüyaptırma durumu, Şans kontrol odağında ise yaş, medeni durum, yaşadığı kişi, ailedeki birey sayısı, düzenli diyabet diyetineuyma durumu anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Sonuç: Hastaların daha çok dış kontrol odağına sahip oldukları saptanmış,hemşireler tarafından hastaların bağımsızlıklarını sağlamak amacıyla iç kontrol odaklarının geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.
Penyajian Akuntansi Qardhul Hasan Dalam Laporan Keuangan Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Kadarningsih Ana
Published: June 2018

The rise of the establishment of Islamic Banks and the opening branch of  conventional banks that provide services using sharia system (office channeling) have increase financial transactions in Islamic Laws indirectly. Qardhul hasan is one of the most important financial transactions in Islamic Laws. The public do not have enough comprehension about qardhul hasan. Therefore, this study aims to explain the process of preparing accounting for qardhul hasan in Islamic Banks . This accounting process will establish financial statements for Islamic Banks based on standard juridical (or law's regulations) and normative (al-Qur'an and Sunnah) . The results of literature review show accounting process for qardhul hasan in Islamic Banks must be implemented with existing regulations so it can be used by stakeholders as a form of transparency (tabligh), validiy (shidiq) of financial report, professionalism (fathonah) and accountability (amanah) for Islamic Banks.
Pertumbuhan Ideologi Pendidikan di Era Reformasi (Kajian Terhadap Ideologi Pendidikan di Kuttab Al Fatih Purwokerto)
Authors: Hidayat Fahri
Published: June 2018

Abstrack

The momentum of reform opened the space for the development of various schools of thought and ideology in the public sphere. This is evidenced by, among other things, the emergence of religious education institutions established on the basis of ideology. That is, the discourse on ideology not only develops in discourse space, but has metamorphosed into a real movement in the social sphere. This paper examines the ideological orientation of kuttab Al Fatih Purwokerto, an elementary education institution that wishes to bring back the past to the future by taking the format and form of educational institution from a source claimed to be the original source of early Islamic education.

Keyword: education ideology, kuttab al fatih, Islamic education
Model literasi budaya masyarakat Tatar Karang di Kecamatan Cipatujah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Authors: Saepudin Encang , Damayani Ninis Agustini , Rusmana Agus
Published: June 2018

Introduction. Limited strategy in the development of culture, become one of the weakness of Sundanese culture in quality of cultural. Thus, it is necessary to have a proper strategy of cultural development. This strategy should be developed on the basis of equity. This study aims to create a literacy model as part of cultural preservation. Data Collection Method. The study used descriptive method with a case study approach. The collecting data was conducted by using participatory observation, in-depth interviews. Our respondents were13 persons in total, consisting of managers of Saung Budaya Tatar Karang Cipatujah, community leaders, religious figures, and government representatives.  Data Analysis. The data was analyzed using triangulation techniques through several stages; reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/ verification. Results and Discussions. The results showed that the cultural literacy model developed in Sindangkerta area were based on Culture Experience and Culture Knowledge with the principles of mutual care, mutual education, and mutual guidance. Literacy development through Culture Experience was implemented by performing artistic, cultural, and ritual performances, while developing literacy through Culture Knowledge was created by building community reading places.  Conclusions. The results concluded that the cultural literacy model has been able to build public awareness in preserving Sundanese culture. Further studies are suggested to test the effectiveness of cultural literacy models based on community participation.
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING FOR ESCHERICHIA COLI CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN SOKOTO METROPOLIS
Authors: Umar Muhammad Nura , Mustapha Bature , Tanko Nuhu , Aminu Nafiu
Published: June 2018

Objective: The study was designed to diffuse awareness on the prevalence of Escherichia coli as a causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) in Sokoto metropolis as well as to determine the susceptibility to commonly used antibiotics in Specialist Hospital Sokoto (SHS). This is also to raise awareness of the risk of giving antibiotics and their direct impact on the outcome analysis of UTIs.Methods: This study was conducted at SHS, and ethical approval to carry out the study was obtained from the Ethical Committee of the hospital. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. Early morning, mid-stream clean catch urine samples were collected by patients in sterile disposable containers. The antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined against 10 commonly prescribed antibiotics in SHS using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc agar diffusion.Results: A total of 86 urine samples were analyzed over 2 months, and 34 were culture positive giving an isolation rate of 39.5%, while 48 were culture negative giving a rate of 55.8%, and 4 (4.7%) were undecided. A total of 16 isolates were E. coli (47.1%), while 18 accounts for others (52.9%). The results of antimicrobial susceptibility profile to 10 antibiotics showed that E. coli displayed high susceptibility to vancomycin (91.6%), followed by amikacin (89.2%) and then meropenem (88.0%), while high rate of resistance was found in nalidixic acid (81.2%), followed by co-trimoxazole (73.3%) and then norfloxacin (76.2%).Conclusion: When there is an adequate detection of E. coli and other uropathogens, it will aid in selecting the appropriate antimicrobial therapy and this will also serve as a means of infection control. This will go a long way in reducing the cost of treatment and threat of resistance as witnessed in the management of some uropathogens.
EFFECT OF OVEN AND MICROWAVE DRYING ON POLYPHENOLS CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF HERBAL TEA FROM STROBILANTHES CRISPUS LEAVES
Authors: Lasano Nur Fatimah , Rahmat Asmah , Ramli Nurul Shazini , Abu Bakar Mohd Fadzelly
Published: June 2018

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of oven and microwave drying on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity of unfermented and fermented tea developed from Strobilanthes crispus leaves.Methods: TPC and TFC were estimated using a spectrophotometric method, while antioxidant capacity was determined using ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. Camellia sinensis (tea plant), that is, used for the production of all varieties of commercial tea and fresh S. crispus leaves were served as controls in this study.Results: The highest antioxidant activity and TPC were observed in S. crispus tea developed from microwave-dried leaves, while the highest TFC was observed in oven-dried tea. Unfermented S. crispus tea showed significantly higher values (p<0.05) for antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC as compared to fermented S. crispus tea. A strong and moderate correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and TPC as well as TFC values.Conclusion: The present work clearly showed that S. crispus tea developed from microwave-dried leaves able to preserve the polyphenols and hence contribute to excellent antioxidant capacity. Incorporation of unfermented S. crispus tea in the diet can be a good source of natural antioxidant.
FOLKLORE MEDICINAL ORCHIDS FROM SOUTH INDIA: THE POTENTIAL SOURCE OF ANTIOXIDANTS
Authors: Mahmood Riaz , Parveen Sameera , Ck Ramesh , M Pallavi
Published: June 2018

Objective: Orchids are widely used the economically important ornamental plant. Conventionally, they were also used for the treatment of several diseases. In the present study, five species of medicinal Orchids from South India were selected to evaluate their antioxidant potential.Methods: The selected species were extracted by Soxhlet method using 70% ethanol. The extracts obtained were analyzed for various quantitative and antioxidant assays followed by correlation analysis in between quantitative and antioxidant activity.Results: Antioxidant data revealed that among the extracts of five orchids, Coelogyne breviscapa was proved to be superior in terms of antioxidant activities, followed by Aerides maculosum, Dendrobium macrostachyum, Pholidota pallida, and Vanda testacea. Correlation analysis was performed, and the results proved simple positive correlation and highest average value of “r” (correlation coefficient) for antioxidant activities with quantitative were the total antioxidants, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and ascorbic acid content. Among the qualitative antioxidant activities, the highest average value of “r” was shown by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, iron chelating, 2,2-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and superoxide radical.Conclusion: The study documents that orchid plants have significant antioxidant potential which can contribute to human health.
A NOVEL REVERSED-PHASE HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF DROTAVERINE HYDROCHLORIDE, ETHAMSYLATE, AND TRANEXAMIC ACID IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Sahani Swati , Jain Vandana
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a simple, rapid, accurate, and precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-HPLC) for simultaneous estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride, ethamsylate, and tranexamic acid in tablet dosage form.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved using stationary phase C18 shim-pack GIST (150 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μ) column and mobile phase consists of methanol:potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.0 adjusted using orthophosphoric acid) in a ratio of 30:70 v/v, with a flow rate of 1 ml/min and ultraviolet detection at 220 nm.Results: The retention time of tranexamic acid, ethamsylate, and drotaverine hydrochloride was found to be 3.6, 4.0, and 5.0 min, respectively. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness according to the international conference on harmonization guidelines. The method was found to be linear over the tested concentration range of 48–112 μg/ml for drotaverine hydrochloride, 150–350 μg/ml for ethamsylate, and 150–350 μg/ml for tranexamic acid. Mean percentage recoveries were found to be 99.59 for drotaverine hydrochloride, 99.27 for ethamsylate, and 99.71 for tranexamic acid. The correlation coefficient for all components was found to be more than 0.999.Conclusion: A novel RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for simultaneous for the estimation of drotaverine hydrochloride, ethamsylate, and tranexamic acid to their commercially available tablet dosage form.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF DROTAVERINE HCL ORAL DISINTEGRATING TABLETS USING SOLID MIXTURE TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hari Kuralla , Rajeswari Saripilli , Ramana Murthy Kolapalli Venkata
Published: June 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to formulate orally disintegrating taste masked tablets of drotaverine HCl using solid mixture technique.Methods: Taste masked drug-polymer solid mixtures of drotaverine HCl were prepared by using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) 3 cps and rxcipient® FM1000/calcium silicate (rxcipient) as carriers employing kneading method using varying drug-polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:9. Prepared drug-polymer mixtures evaluated for taste masking, and the ratio of drug-polymer is optimized. The granules and tablets prepared with optimized drug-polymer ratio were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters, in vitro dissolution studies, Fourier-transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) studies.Results: The drug:polymer ratios 1:7.5 with rxcipient and 1:9 with HPMC were optimized based on taste evaluation. The pre-compression results showed that all the formulae have good flow properties. The post-compression evaluations showed that all the formulae met the specifications of orally disintegrating tablets. From all the prepared taste masked drotaverine HCl tablets, R10 formulation consisting of 4% croscarmellose sodium and H9 formulation consisting of 3% croscarmellose sodium, 3% sodium starch glycolate, and 2% microcrystalline cellulose shown more than 99% drug release in 60 min, and both the formulations showed better taste masking and were meting oral disintegrating tablet (ODT) parameters. The optimized formulation was characterized by FTIR, DSC, and XRD studies and found no incompatibility.Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the prepared drotaverine HCl ODT showed better taste masking and meeting the parameters of ODT formulations R10 and H9. The present solid mixture technique can be effectively used for taste masking.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF AMLODIPINE FROM CACO-2 CELL MONOLAYERS BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–MASS SPECTROMETRY/MASS SPECTROMETRY
Authors: Logoyda Liliya
Published: June 2018

Objective: A simple, rapid high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of amlodipine from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution.Methods: Chromatography was achieved on Discovery C18, 50×2.1 mm, 5 μm column. Samples were chromatographed in a gradient mode (eluent A [acetonitrile-water-formic acid, 5:95:0.1 v/v], eluent B [acetonitrile-formic acid, 100:0.1 v/v]). The initial content of the eluent B is 0%, which increases linearly by 1.0 min to 100% and to 1.01 min returns to the initial 0%. The mobile phase was delivered at a flow rate of 0.400 ml/min into the MS electrospray ionization chamber. The sample volume was 5 μl.Results: Under these conditions, amlodipine was eluted at 1.61 min. According to the Caco-2 test results, amlodipine appeared to have moderate to high permeability. Recovery value for amlodipine is 52.33%. Caco-2 permeability values for amlodipine are in agreement with BCS Class I classification for these drugs and their known high bioavailability in humans.Conclusion: A new rapid method was developed for the determination of amlodipine from confluent Caco-2 monolayers and from aqueous solution. Acquired results demonstrate that proposed strategy can be effortlessly and advantageously applied for the examination of amlodipine from Caco-2 cell monolayers.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF LEAF EXTRACTS OF ALTERNANTHERA BRASILIANA (L). KUNTZE AND ALTERNANTHERA BETTZICKIANA REGEL.
Authors: O R Kasthuri , B Ramesh
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The present study was carried out to determine the phytochemical constituents and in vitro antioxidant activities of leaf extracts of Alternanthera brasiliana (L). Kuntze (A. brasiliana) and Alternanthera bettzickiana regel (A. bettzickiana).Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening was performed in petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone, ethanol, hydroethanolic and water extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana. The level of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenolic content, tannins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, GSH, and total proteins were determined in hydroethanolic, ethanol, and water extracts. Antioxidant activity of the hydroethanolic leaf extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana were determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate free radical scavenging assay, nitric oxide scavenging assay, superoxide anion scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, total antioxidant capacity, and reducing power assay.Results: The phytochemical screening of six different extracts of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana revealed the presence of various phytonutrients. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites in ethanol, hydroethanolic and water extracts of leaves of A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana showed the presence of high amount of secondary metabolites in the hydroethanolic extract. In vitro, antioxidant assay of two plant extracts revealed that A. bettzickiana was more potent than A. brasiliana in scavenging free radicals.Conclusion: The different extracts from A. brasiliana and A. bettzickiana and specifically the hydroethanolic extract of A. bettzickiana revealed several properties such as rich source of phytonutrients, higher free radical scavenging properties, and significant antioxidant capabilities. Therefore, the bioactive compound should be isolated in future studies and could be used as a safe and serve as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID ADMINISTRATION AMELIORATES SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED MEMORY IMPAIRMENT IN MICE
Authors: Saroj Kothari , Tulika Singhal
Published: June 2018

Objective: The main objective of this work was to study the memory-enhancing activity of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation in normal memory function and scopolamine-induced impaired memory in mice.Methods: The gum acacia suspension of DHA was administered by gavage at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg in mice for 30 days to evaluate memory-enhancing potential on normal and scopolamine-induced impaired memory in albino mice. Escape latency in Morris water maze (MWM) and transfer latency (TL) in elevated plus maze (EPM) were recorded, respectively. Mice were given four trial sessions per day to locate the platform for 4 days in MWM model. Scopolamine 1 mg/kg was injected i.p. to produce memory impairment in mice.Result: DHA suspension at the dose of 300 mg/kg showed significant reduction of escape latency and TL as compared to control group, and the effect was comparable to that of standard nootropic agent piracetam at the dose of 100 mg/kg in normal and scopolamine-treated mice. However, DHA at the dose of 200 mg/kg showed significant memory-enhancing effect in only scopolamine-induced impaired memory model.Conclusion: The study revealed that the chronic administration of DHA exhibited significant memory-enhancing activity against both normal as well as scopolamine-treated impaired memory mice groups, however, this effect was more marked on scopolamine-induced memory impairment as compared to normal memory function.
EFFECT OF DEXMEDETOMIDINE ON DOSE REQUIREMENT OF PROPOFOL AND THIOPENTONE INDUCTION IN PATIENTS UNDER GENERAL ENDOTRACHEAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: Senapati Laxman K , Samanta Priyadarsini
Published: June 2018

Objectives: The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine as a premedicant on dose requirement of induction agents, thiopentone and propofol in patients undergoing various surgeries under general endotracheal anesthesia under the bispectral index (BIS) guidance.Methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled study was conducted during the year 2014–2015 among 120 patients aged 18–55 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists’ physical status Score I or II and Mallampati Grades I and II. After obtaining informed consent, all the eligible patients were randomly assigned to one of the four groups each containing 30 patients: Group SP (control group) - saline infusion before induction with propofol, group DP - dexmedetomidine infusion before induction with propofol, group ST (control group) - saline infusion before induction with thiopentone, and group DT - dexmedetomidine infusion before induction with thiopentone.Results: The mean dose of propofol required was 95.0±6.15 mg and 55.0±7.0 mg in group SP and DP, respectively, whereas the requirement of thiopentone was 6.6±0.93 mg/kg in group ST as opposed to 4.8±0.58 mg/kg in group DT. The decrease in the dose requirement in dexmedetomidine groups than the control groups was statistically significant and also dose reduction in dexmedetomidine was more in DP group compared to that in DT group (p<0.001).Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as a preanesthetic medication significantly decreases intraoperative anesthetic requirement of thiopentone and propofol, and dose requirement is significantly less in case of propofol as compared to thiopentone.
Limit tolerances for sums of measurement errors
Authors: Salnikov V.I.
Published: June 2018

The question of calculating the limiting values of residuals in geodesic constructions is considered in the case when the limiting value for measurement errors is assumed equal to 3m, ie ∆рred = 3m, where m is the mean square error of the measurement. Larger errors are rejected. At present, the limiting value for the residual is calculated by the formula 3m√n, where n is the number of measurements. The article draws attention to two contradictions between theory and practice arising from the use of this formula. First, the formula is derived from the classical law of the normal Gaussian distribution, and it is applied to the truncated law of the normal distribution. And, secondly, as shown in [1], when ∆рred = 2m, the sums of errors naturally take the value equal to ?pred, after which the number of errors in the sum starts anew. This article establishes its validity for ∆рred = 3m. A table of comparative values of the tolerances valid and recommended for more stringent ones is given. The article gives a graph of applied and recommended tolerances for ∆рred = 3m.
About the uniform algorithm of an estimation of accuracy of geodetic serifs and their combinations
Authors: Shekhovtsov G.A.
Published: June 2018

A unified algorithm for estimating the accuracy of angular, linear, linear-angular, polar and other geodetic serifs is given. It is based on the use of direction gradients, angle gradients, and distance gradients that correspond to terrain angular, linear, or linear angular measurements. A visual representation of the gradients and the method of their calculation and orientation were given. Gradients are used to define the perimeter and the closing quadratic polygon. Through the perimeter value and that of the closing it is possible to calculate almost any kind of scalar evaluation of the accuracy of any of the tick, including the values of large and small half axes of its error ellipse. The use of a single algorithm for analyzing the combined method of using geodetic serifs to create center networks on the mounting horizon in the construction of high-rise buildings is shown. A numerical example shows the simplicity of the algorithm and its high efficiency.
Geoinformation carthography of the landscapes of the Mondy depression
Authors: Istomina E.A. , Ovchinnikova E.V.
Published: June 2018

A method of typological mapping of landscapes with the use of Landsat satellite images and the digital elevation model SRTM, as well as the method of factorial-dynamic classification of landscapes, was developed and a large-scale landscape map of the Mondy basin was created. At the first stage, the image was automatically classified using the neural network classification method, resulting in a picture divided into 11 classes. The resulting classified image was smoothed to remove the mosaic effect and translated into a vector map. For each unit obtained as a result of the classification of the satellite image, the following parameters were calculated by means of spatial analysis in the GIS
Program-target approach to the interaction information the system of state topographic monitoring and the federal found for spatial data (part 1)
Authors: Brovko E.A. , Galazin E.V.
Published: June 2018

Discussed
Investigation and mapping of the ecological-biochemical state of soils in the city of Bratsk
Authors: Naprasnikova E.V. , Istomina E.A.
Published: June 2018

Presented are the isolines maps for the distribution of inhomogeneous values of acid-alkaline medium and biochemical activity levels of soils in the industrial city of Bratsk in the settings of Eastern Siberia. The maps were constructed from point measurements in the geoinformation environment by the IDW Nearest Neighbors method. The soil biochemical activity was analyzed by using the proximate method according to T. V. Aristovskaya and M. V. Chugunova. It is shown that the activity of urban soils varies from strong to moderate. The soils with high activity occupy 75,3 % of the total area of the city. The acid-alkaline conditions of soils are transformed considerably toward the alkaline side. On the hole, the alkaline and highly alkaline soils occupy 96% of the territory. A high level of soil biochemical activity has been revealed. This study deals with the transformation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds leading to a loss of biogenic nitrogen by the soil.
Up-to-date approaches towards the technology of creation and updating state and topographic maps and plans
Authors: Karimova A.A.
Published: June 2018

At present both the Russian Register and the Topographic Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation use methods and technologies based on the software GIS "Map 2011" and DPS (digital photometric station) "Photomod 6" while creating and updating state topographic maps and state topographic plans (FL № 431), which in practice are called digital topographic maps (DTM) and digital city plans (DCP). The article contains the author’s suggestions that the modern approaches be included in the used technologies of updating maps in terms of
(In) Segurança Alimentar no Brasil: Prevalência e Fatores Associados
Authors: Mainardes Franciele , Raiher Augusta Pelinski
Published: June 2018

Este artigo analisou a (in)segurança alimentar no Brasil, identificando os fatores associados a ela. Para tanto, usou-se a base de dados da pesquisa suplementar sobre segurança alimentar da PNAD-2013, utilizando a metodologia da EBIA para classificar os domicílios em: segurança alimentar; insegurança alimentar leve, moderada ou grave. Na sequencia, a regressão logística multinomial identificou a probabilidade de se inserir em cada categoria da insegurança alimentar dada as alterações em variáveis selecionadas. Os resultados indicaram que a incidência maior da insegurança alimentar se deu nos domicílios chefiados por mulheres, nos de raça indígenas, preto e parda, nos que tinham baixa escolaridade, maior número de integrantes familiares, naqueles domicílios cuja inserção no mercado formal era limitado e especialmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste. Dentre os principais fatores associados ao rompimento da insegurança alimentar cita a escolaridade e estar ocupado, especialmente no mercado formal.
Increasing skill reading intensive and character of classes III SDN 57 air dingin using cooperative learning model circ
Authors: Elizawati Elizawati , Syahrul Syahrul , Miaz Yalvema
Published: June 2018

Based on the observations in class III SDN Air Dingin, found the intensive reading skill of third grade students low. For that, it needs improvement to help students in reading intensively with the correct reading stage. This study aims to describe the process and the results of intensive reading skills and character of third grade students. The type of research is Classroom Action Research using cooperative learning model of CIRC type. Based on the results of the research, the use of cooperative learning model of CIRC type in intensive reading skill learning has proven to improve the process of intensive reading skill and student character. The increase in the average learning outcomes is, in the first cycle at the pre reading stage of 71.87%, the stage when reading 59.37%, 76.37% post reading stage and characteristic scoring 69.75%, confident 60.95% and well mannered 71.17%. In the second cycle, the students' intensive reading skill increased to 84.37% pre reading, reading 78.12% and post reading 83.12% and characteristic meticulous assessment 74.27%, 78.32% confident and 76.25% polite. Intensive reading using the CIRC approach has been shown to improve students' reading and character skills.
The Effect of Peer Conference Strategy and Self-Confidence toward the Writing Skill of Recount Text (An Experimental Research on the Grade Eight Students of SMPN 22 Padang)
Authors: M Meliagusti
Published: June 2018

Writing is one of the important skills that should be mastered by the students. In writing, the students need to express their feeling in a good way and well-organized. In fact, most of students were lack of idea and could not write well-organized in written form. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of Peer Conference Strategy and students’ self-confidence toward the writing skill of recount text. The sample consists of 64 students. The research data was collected using writing test and self-confidence questionnaires. Data analysis was using t-test and Two Ways ANOVA. The analysis of the research results shows that (1) Peer Conference strategy was effective than expository strategy; (2) Peer Conference strategy was effective to high self-confidence students; (3) Peer Conference strategy was not effective to low self-confidence students; (4) There was an interaction both teaching strategies and self-confidence in writing skill.
Modul Pembelajaran Matematika Bernuansa Islami dengan Pendekatan Inkuiri
Authors: Diana Mulia , Netriwati Netriwati , Suri Fraulein Intan
Published: June 2018

This study aims to produce teaching materials in the form of islamic mathematics learning module through guided inquiry approach in the setting set subject. This research method is Borg and Gall method that modified by Sugiyono. Stages performed only from stage 1 to stage 7 of potential and problems, data collection, product design, product validation, product revision, product trial, product revision. Based on the validation of material experts obtained the results of 80.83%, media experts obtained 88.89%, linguists obtained 80.95%, Islamic scholars obtained 76.67% thus developed products declared eligible for use. After validation of the product to the expert lecturer then the product is tested by educator in the field of mathematics study and the learner. Response educator in the field of mathematics study Obtained percentage of 85.49% with the criteria "Very Interesting", to determine the response of learners to the module developed conducted extensive trials to learners, with the results of the response learners show 89.01% percentage with criteria "Very Interesting ". The result of the assessment of the user response states that the module developed is very interesting and feasible to be used in the learning process.
Economic Statistics: How to Become Lean and Mean?
Authors: van de Ven Peter
Published: June 2018

The compilation of official statistics has changed dramatically over the past decades, and it will continue to change. These changes not only relate to user demands; also the source data and the means, in the sense of the technologies available for compiling statistics, have undergone and will continue to undergo significant changes. This article addresses the main developments and challenges in relation to the sources for compiling official statistics (input), the technologies for processing data (throughput), and the user demands (output) for official statistics. It is concluded that all these changes have, and continue to have, a significant impact on the way statistics are compiled, and the article puts forward a number of suggestions for the future direction of compiling official statistics.
Combining Multiple Methods in Establishment Questionnaire Testing: The 2017 Census of Agriculture Testing Bento Box
Authors: McCarthy Jaki S. , Ott Kathleen , Ridolfo Heather , McGovern Pam , Sirkis Robyn , Moore Danna
Published: June 2018

There are many methods that can be used to test questionnaires, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The best approaches to questionnaire testing combine different methods to both broaden and strengthen the results. The US Census of Agriculture (COA) is conducted every five years and collects detailed information on agricultural production, inventories, practices, and operator demographics from agricultural establishments. Preceding each COA, evaluation and testing is done to test new items in the questionnaire and improve data quality for the subsequent COA. This article will describe how a multi-method approach, which we call Bento Box Testing, was applied to establishment questionnaire testing leading up to the 2017 COA. Testing included solicitation of expert opinion, historical data review, cognitive testing, a large scale field test, and qualitative follow-up interviews. The benefits of these testing methods, considerations for establishment survey testing, and how their results in combination provide a stronger evaluation are discussed.
Assessing Nonresponse in a Longitudinal Establishment Survey Using Regression Trees
Authors: Earp Morgan , Toth Daniell , Phipps Polly , Oslund Charlotte
Published: June 2018

This article introduces and discusses a method for conducting an analysis of nonresponse for a longitudinal establishment survey using regression trees. The methodology consists of three parts: analysis during the frame refinement and enrollment phases, common in longitudinal surveys; analysis of the effect of time on response rates during data collection; and analysis of the potential for nonresponse bias. For all three analyses, regression tree models are used to identify establishment characteristics and subgroups of establishments that represent vulnerabilities during the data collection process. This information could be used to direct additional resources to collecting data from identified establishments in order to improve the response rate.
Nowcasting Austrian Short Term Statistics
Authors: Fröhlich Markus
Published: June 2018

Early estimates for Austrian short term indices were produced using multivariate time-series models. The article presents a simulation study with different models (vector error correction models, vector autoregressive models in levels – both with unadjusted and seasonally adjusted time-series) used for estimating total turnover, production, etc. In a preliminary step, before time-series were provided for nowcasting, the data had to undergo an editing process. In this case a time-series approach was selected for data-editing as well, because of the very specific structure of Austrian enterprises. For this task basically the seasonal adjustment program X13Arima-Seats was used for identifying and replacing outlying observations, imputation of missing values and generating univariate forecasts for every single time series.
Small Area Estimation with a Lognormal Mixed Model under Informative Sampling
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas , Münnich Ralf Thomas
Published: June 2018

The demand for reliable business statistics at disaggregated levels, such as industry classes, increased considerably in recent years. Owing to small sample sizes for some of the domains, design-based methods may not provide estimates with adequate precision. Hence, modelbased small area estimation techniques that increase the effective sample size by borrowing strength are needed. Business data are frequently characterised by skewed distributions, with a few large enterprises that account for the majority of the total for the variable of interest, for example turnover. Moreover, the relationship between the variable of interest and the auxiliary variables is often non-linear on the original scale. In many cases, a lognormal mixed model provides a reasonable approximation of this relationship. In this article, we extend the empirical best prediction (EBP) approach to compensate for informative sampling, by incorporating design information among the covariates via an augmented modelling approach. This gives rise to the EBP under the augmented model. We propose to select the augmenting variable based on a joint assessment of a measure of predictive accuracy and a check of the normality assumptions. Finally, we compare our approach with alternatives in a model-based simulation study under different informative sampling mechanisms.
Population Size Estimation Using Multiple Incomplete Lists with Overcoverage
Authors: Di Cecco Davide , Di Zio Marco , Filipponi Danila , Rocchetti Irene
Published: June 2018

The quantity and quality of administrative information available to National Statistical Institutes have been constantly increasing over the past several years. However, different sources of administrative data are not expected to each have the same population coverage, so that estimating the true population size from the collective set of data poses several methodological challenges that set the problem apart from a classical capture-recapture setting. In this article, we consider two specific aspects of this problem: (1) misclassification of the units, leading to lists with both overcoverage and undercoverage; and (2) lists focusing on a specific subpopulation, leaving a proportion of the population with null probability of being captured. We propose an approach to this problem that employs a class of capturerecapture methods based on Latent Class models. We assess the proposed approach via a simulation study, then apply the method to five sources of empirical data to estimate the number of active local units of Italian enterprises in 2011.
The Czech Singers Critical of Islam and Refugees on Facebook in the Age of the “Migration Crisis” (2015–2017)
Authors: Rosůlek Přemysl
Published: June 2018

The article analyses through qualitative textual analysis and manual coding Czech singers known for their critical attitudes to the “migration crisis”as presented on their Facebook walls (2015–2017). This major focus on the singer’s Facebook posts was reinforced by the analysis based on the two theoretical concepts – celebritisation of politics and post-truth politics. In sum, analyses across theoretical approaches found that a majority of singers – although not all of them – have been judging the problem through the lenses of a black -and -white “Clash of Civilizational” approach. Only a few singers run for political office and political agenda-setting linked to the “migration crisis” was not frequented as expected. Many of the investigated singers expressed support or political endorsement to xenophobic and anti-islamic political parties. Although the “Russian footage” could be denied, the style and characters of communication via Facebook revealed that in many aspects the singers’ strategy is in consonance with current Kremlin propaganda.
Automatic Watercraft Recognition and Identification on Water Areas Covered by Video Monitoring as Extension for Sea and River Traffic Supervision Systems
Authors: Wawrzyniak Natalia , Stateczny Andrzej
Published: June 2018

The article presents the watercraft recognition and identification system as an extension for the presently used visual water area monitoring systems, such as VTS (Vessel Traffic Service) or RIS (River Information Service). The watercraft identification systems (AIS - Automatic Identification Systems) which are presently used in both sea and inland navigation require purchase and installation of relatively expensive transceivers on ships, the presence of which is not formally required as equipment of unconventional watercrafts, such as yachts, motor boats, and other pleasure crafts. These watercrafts may pose navigation or even terrorist threat, can be the object of interest of the customs, or simply cause traffic problems on restricted water areas. The article proposes extending the traffic supervision system by a module which will identify unconventional crafts based on video monitoring. Recognition and identification will be possible through the use of image identification and processing methods based on artificial intelligence algorithms, among other tools. The system will be implemented as independent service making use of the potential of SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and XML/SOAP (Extensible Markup Language/Simple Object Access Protocol) technology.