bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Показники дерматогліфіки як маркери для побудови математичних моделей ризику виникнення зубощелепних аномалій
Authors: Kazakova R. V. , Melnyk V. S. , Horzov L. F.
Published: October 2018

Резюме. Дерматогліфічні обстеження широко застосовують у діагностиці багатьох уроджених і набутих захворювань. Доведено, що показники дерматогліфіки можуть бути використані як маркери полігенної системи для дослідження деяких закономірностей фенотипового прояву полігенних систем в онтогенезі. Вивчення спільних зв’язків між пальцевими відбитками і зубощелепними аномаліями може допомогти на ранньому етапі виявити осіб із генетичною схильністю.

Мета дослідження – розробити прогностичні математичні моделі можливості виникнення зубощелепних аномалій у чоловіків і жінок на основі аналізу особливостей дерматогліфічних показників.

Матеріали і методи. Проведено дерматогліфічне дослідження за методикою H. Cummins і Ch. Midlo у 34 чоловіків та у 36 жінок із зубощелепними аномаліями віком 35–44 роки. Як контроль використано результати дерматогліфічних досліджень 43 практично здорових чоловіків і 44 жінок аналогічного віку.

Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Дискримінантні моделі за допомогою дерматогліфічних показників дозволили розділити міських жителів м. Ужгорода на здорових і хворих із зубощелепними  аномаліями. Найбільший внесок у дискримінацію між здоровими і хворими чоловіками має довжина лінії аd на правій кисті, а між здоровими і хворими жінками – наявність осьового трирадіуса t, індексу Каміннса і довжини лінії ct на лівій кисті.

Висновки. Дискримінантні моделі виникнення зубощелепних аномалій, залежно від дерматогліфічних показників, є адекватними і можуть використовуватися для раннього прогнозу ризику виникнення цього захворювання.
Ocupação
Authors: Guedes Ângelo Dimitre Gomes
Published: October 2018

Uma cidade constitui-se como um território em expansão cujas partes se entrelaçam por inúmeras camadas, veredas e uma multiplicidade de relações entre os corpos que a percorrem, a ocupam e a reconfiguram. Com todo este movimento, as ruas se mostram como vias que permitem transitar no tempo e reunir elementos culturais de diferentes origens e circunstâncias. Isso pode se manifestar com a realização de festas populares cujas tradições são passadas através de gerações. Em Barcelona, no solstício de verão, por exemplo, costuma se celebrar a noite de São João. As ruas tornam-se palco de encontros improváveis: ritos e condutas que exploram múltiplas direções de espaço e de tempo.  O presente ensaio[1] mostra uma narrativa visual sobre a ocupação deste território: um jogo de inúmeras potencialidades documentais e ficcionais da imagem fotográfica.
[...] dizem que é possível encontrar mais do que se pode ver nos ritos realizados. Ao anoitecer, algo estranho ocupa as ruas da cidade e manifesta uma misteriosa sonoridade. O aventurar-se por essas ruas durante essas celebrações, revela-se um jogo de potenciais caminhos, encontros, desvios, camadas, misturas e combinações. (GUEDES, 2017, p. 18).

[1] Este ensaio reúne imagens que foram apresentadas em festivais e exposições. Uma das imagens, por exemplo, foi escolhida na Convocatória do Festival de Fotografia de Tiradentes 2017 para compor a Exposição Coletiva “Ficções: a fotografia além do real. Algumas dessas imagens também foram publicadas no catálogo da exposição Arte e Linguagens Contemporâneas realizada no Museu de Imagem e Som (GUEDES, 2017).
Polygenic Contribution in Individuals With Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Thériault Sébastien , Lali Ricky , Chong Michael , Velianou James L. , Natarajan Madhu K. , Paré Guillaume
Published: October 2018

Background

Despite evidence of high heritability, monogenic disorders are identified in a minor fraction of individuals with early-onset coronary artery disease (EOCAD). We hypothesized that some individuals with EOCAD carry a high number of common genetic risk variants, with a combined effect similar to Mendelian forms of coronary artery disease, such as familial hypercholesterolemia.

Methods and Results

To confirm the polygenic contribution to EOCAD (age of ≤40 years for men and ≤45 years for women), we calculated in 111 418 British participants from the UK Biobank cohort a genetic risk score (GRS) based on the presence of 182 independent variants associated with coronary artery disease (GRS182). Participants with a diagnosis of EOCAD who underwent a revascularization procedure (n=96) had a significantly higher GRS182 (
P
=3.21×10
−9
) than those without EOCAD. An increase of 1 SD in GRS182 corresponded to an odds ratio of 1.84 (1.52–2.24) for EOCAD. The prevalence of a polygenic contribution that increased EOCAD risk similar to what is observed in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia was estimated at 1 in 53. In a local cohort of individuals with EOCAD (n=30), GRS182 was significantly increased compared with UK Biobank controls (
P
=0.001). Seven participants (23%) had a GRS182 corresponding to an estimated 2-fold increase in EOCAD risk; none had a rare mutation involved in monogenic dyslipidemia or EOCAD.

Conclusions

These results suggest a significant polygenic contribution in individuals presenting with EOCAD, which could be more prevalent than familial hypercholesterolemia. Determination of the polygenic risk component could be included in the diagnostic workup of patients with EOCAD.
Impact of a Claims-Based Frailty Indicator on the Prediction of Long-Term Mortality After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Kundi Harun , Valsdottir Linda R. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Cohen David J. , Strom Jordan B. , Pinto Duane S. , Shen Changyu , Yeh Robert W.
Published: October 2018

Background

Prospectively collected frailty markers are associated with an incremental 1-year mortality risk after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) compared with comorbidities alone. Whether information on frailty markers captured retrospectively in administrative billing data is similarly predictive of long-term mortality after TAVR is unknown. We sought to characterize the prognostic importance of frailty factors as identified in healthcare billing records in comparison to validated measures of frailty for the prediction of long-term mortality after TAVR.

Methods and Results

Adult patients undergoing TAVR between August 25, 2011, and September 29, 2015, were identified among Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries. The Johns Hopkins Claims–based Frailty Indicator was used to identify frail patients. We used nested Cox regression models to identify claims-based predictors of mortality up to 4 years post-procedure. Four groups of variables, including cardiac risk factors, noncardiac risk factors, patient procedural risk factors, and nontraditional markers of frailty, were introduced sequentially, and their integrated discrimination improvement was assessed. A total of 52 338 TAVR patients from 558 clinical sites were identified, with a mean follow-up time period of 16 months. In total, 14 174 (27.1%) patients died within the study period. The mortality rate was 53.9% at 4 years post-TAVR. A total of 34 863 (66.6%) patients were defined as frail. The discrimination of each of the 4 models was 0.60 (95% CI, 0.59–60), 0.65 (95% CI, 0.64–0.65), 0.68 (95% CI, 0.67–0.68), and 0.70 (95% CI, 0.69–0.70), respectively. The addition of nontraditional frailty markers as identified in claims improved mortality prediction above and beyond traditional risk factors (integrated discrimination improvement: 0.019;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Risk prediction models that include frailty as identified in claims data can be used to predict long-term mortality risk after TAVR. Linkage to claims data may allow enhanced mortality risk prediction for studies that do not collect information on frailty.
Pharmacological Cardioversion With Antazoline in Atrial Fibrillation: The Results of the CANT Study
Authors: Wybraniec Maciej T. , Wróbel Wojciech , Wilkosz Katarzyna , Wrona Karolina , Bula Karolina , Mizia‐Stec Katarzyna
Published: October 2018

Background

Antazoline mesylate represents an antihistamine capable of rapid and safe cardioversion of atrial fibrillation, yet evidence concerning its efficacy in comparison to other medications is insufficient. The study aimed to evaluate the success rate and safety of pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation with intravenous antazoline (
CANT
[Cardioversion With Antazoline Mesylate] study) in the setting of the emergency department.

Methods and Results

After reviewing 1984 medical records, 450 eligible patients (22.7%) with short‐duration atrial fibrillation subject to pharmacological cardioversion were enrolled in a retrospective observational analysis. The choice of antiarrhythmic drug was left to the discretion of the attending physician. The primary end point was successful cardioversion in the emergency department. The safety end point comprised bradycardia <45 bpm, hypotension, syncope, or death. The study population (mean age, 65.5±11.9 years; 52.9% females) was characterized by a median atrial fibrillation episode duration of 10 hours. Antazoline, alone or in combination, was administered in 24.2% (n=109) and 40% (n=180), respectively; amiodarone was administered in 46.7% and propafenone in 9.3%, while ≥2 antiarrhythmic drugs were administered in 19.8% of patients. Antazoline had the highest success rate of pharmacological cardioversion among all drugs (85.3%), which was comparable with propafenone (78.6%; relative risk, 1.09, 95% confidence interval, 0.91–1.30;
P
=0.317) and higher than amiodarone treatment (66.7%; relative risk, 1.28, 95% confidence interval, 1.13–1.45;
P
<0.001; number needed to treat, 5.4). The rate of cardioversion with antazoline alone was higher than combined amiodarone and/or propafenone (68.1%; relative risk, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.40,
P
=0.0001). No safety end points were reported in the antazoline group, while 5 incidents occurred in the non‐antazoline cohort (
P
=0.075).

Conclusions

Antazoline represents an efficacious and safe method of pharmacological cardioversion in a real‐life setting.
International Water Cooperation and Environmental Peacemaking
Authors: Ide Tobias , Detges Adrien
Published: October 2018

Proponents of the environmental peacemaking approach argue that environmental cooperation has the potential to improve relations between states. This is because such cooperation facilitates common problem solving, cultivates interdependence, and helps to build trust and understanding. But as of now, very few cross-case studies on environmental peacemaking exist. Furthermore, much of the available literature understands peace in negative terms as the mere absence of acute conflict. This article addresses both shortcomings by studying the impact of international water cooperation on transitions toward more peaceful interstate relations. To do so, we combine information on positive water-related interactions between states with the peace scale, a recent data set measuring the degree of positive and negative peace between states. For the period 1956–2006, we find that a higher number of positive, water-related interactions in the previous ten years makes a shift toward more peaceful interstate relations more likely. This is particularly the case for state pairs that are not in acute conflict with each other.
The Shifting Context of Sustainability: Growth and the World Ocean Regime
Authors: Jacques Peter J. , Lobo Rafaella
Published: October 2018

To better understand how regimes select norms and how sustainability concepts are used and change, we conduct a quantitative content analysis of important documents specifically related to a critical Earth system, the “World Ocean.” Using the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization’s State of the World’s Fisheries and Aquaculture reports from 1995 to 2016, we find that economic norms have always been dominant, and the use of sustainability concepts has become increasingly growth oriented. Discourses of restraint, relevant to principles of sustainability, are virtually absent. Growth is the central driving concern for the World Ocean Regime, a noncodified, economistic regime that governs the oceans. We conclude that the norms of sustainability have been selected for fitness with the neoliberal political–economic order and a totalizing ideology of growth, and that sustainability concepts are used as a mask to legitimize extractivist goals that are actually not sustainable.
Five new species of the Acantholycosa-complex (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Mongolia
Authors: FOMICHEV ALEXANDER A. , MARUSIK YURI M.
Published: October 2018

Five new species from Mongolia belonging to the Acantholycosa-complex are diagnosed and described: Acantholycosa vahterae sp. n. (♂♀, Govi-Altai Aimag), A. kronestedti sp. n. (♂♀, Govi-Altai Aimag), Mongolicosa azarkinae sp. n. (♂♀, Khovd Aimag), M. cherepanovi sp. n. (♀, Bayan-Ölgii Aimag) and M. ozkutuki sp. n. (♀, Khovd Aimag).
A striking new species of Prosoeca Schiner, 1867 (Diptera: Nemestrinidae): An important pollinator from the Bokkeveld Plateau, Northern Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: BARRACLOUGH DAVID. A. , COLVILLE JONATHAN F. , KAROLYI FLORIAN , KRENN HARALD W.
Published: October 2018

For more than 20 years an undescribed species of Prosoeca has been referred to in numerous publications by pollination biologists, evolutionary biologists and ecologists, originally as being part of the Prosoeca peringueyi Lichtwardt, 1920, pollination guild. Ongoing research in these and related fields has necessitated the formal description of this large-bodied, striking new species, with a proboscis 1.5–2.3 x body length (mean proboscis length ± SD 36.25 ± 3.90 mm). Prosoeca marinusi Barraclough sp. nov. is described from a long series from the Hantam National Botanical Garden, Nieuwoudtville, Bokkeveld Plateau, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. The species is a narrow-range endemic and is restricted to the Nieuwoudtville area. Observations on the biology of the species are also presented. Prosoeca marinusi Barraclough sp. nov. is the only or main pollinator of at least four plant species (all regional endemics) in the family Iridaceae that flower from August to September. During August, Lapeirousia oreogena Goldblatt and Babiana vanzyliae L. Bolus are the main host flowers, while later in the spring season, Babiana framesii L. Bolus is most abundant in the Nieuwoudtville area.
Charles Spence Bate: what’s in a name?
Authors: CLARK PAUL F.
Published: October 2018

The citation of Charles Spence Bate has become a source of uncertainly in the literature. Indeed, for some taxa his authority is given as “Spence Bate”, whilst others “Bate” e.g. Artemesia longinaris Spence Bate, 1888 compared with Ibacus brevipes Bate, 1888. In order to resolve this inconsistency, a lengthy manual search of selected contemporary journals for the period from ca. 1854 to 1889 was undertaken with special reference to the name Charles Spence Bate being listed alphabetically by family/surname either under “Bate”, “Spence Bate” or “Spence-Bate”. Overwhelming evidence indicated that his family/surname is Bate. Furthermore, as there are a number of carcinologists also with the family name Bate, therefore it is recommended that taxa described by Charles Spence Bate should be referred to as C.S. Bate, for example Artemesia longinaris C.S. Bate, 1888 and Ibacus brevipes C.S. Bate, 1888.
Two new species of the genus Leptoderes Serville, 1838 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from China
Authors: WU CHAO , LIU CHUNXIANG
Published: October 2018

Three species of the leaf-mimicking Tettigoniidae, Leptoderes Serville, 1838 were reported in the southeast of Asia. Here, we redescribe the type species L. ornatipennis Serville, and describe two new species Leptoderes shuzhenae sp. nov. and L. dianensis sp. nov., respectively from Tibet and Yunnan, China. Leptoderes now comprises five species. Informative illustrations are provided. The distribution of the Leptoderes Serville species is discussed and mapped. The holotypes are deposited in Insect Collection of Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China (IZCAS).
A new species of genus Agryllus Gorochov, 1994 from Yunnan, China (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Gryllinae)
Authors: XU YUE , GAO XUE-DI , LIU YUN-FEI , HE ZHU-QING
Published: October 2018

One new species, Agryllus apterus He sp. nov., is described from Yunnan, China. This new species is wingless, which is different from all other Agryllus species. The type specimens are deposited in Museum of Biology, East China Normal University (ECNU).
Improved Estimation of the Specific Attenuation and Backscatter Differential Phase over Short Rain Paths
Authors: Reinoso-Rondinel Ricardo , Unal Christine , Russchenberg Herman
Published: October 2018

In radar polarimetry, the differential phase consists of the propagation differential phase and the backscatter differential phase . While is commonly used for attenuation correction (i.e., estimation of the specific attenuation A and specific differential phase ), recent studies have demonstrated that can provide information concerning the dominant size of raindrops. However, the estimation of and is not straightforward given their coupled nature and the noisy behavior of , especially over short paths. In this work, the impacts of estimating on the estimation of A over short paths, using the extended version of the ZPHI method, are examined. Special attention is given to the optimization of the parameter α that connects and A. In addition, an improved technique is proposed to compute from and in rain. For these purposes, diverse storm events observed by a polarimetric X-band radar in the Netherlands are used. Statistical analysis based on the minimum errors associated with the optimization of α and the consistency between and A showed that more accurate and stable α and A are obtained if is estimated at range resolution, which is not possible by conventional range filtering techniques. Accurate estimates were able to depict the spatial variability of dominant raindrop size in the observed storms. By following the presented study, the ZPHI method and its variations can be employed without the need for considering long paths, leading to localized and accurate estimation of A and .
An Academic–Practice Partnership at the University of Washington School of Public Health: The Student Epidemic Action Leaders (SEAL) Team
Authors: Simckes Maayan , Melius Beth , Hawkins Vivian , Lindquist Scott , Baseman Janet
Published: October 2018

In 2015, the University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology established the Student Epidemic Action Leaders (SEAL) team to provide public health students with experience in field epidemiology in state and local public health communicable disease divisions. The University of Washington Department of Epidemiology developed the SEAL team in collaboration with the Washington State Department of Health to offer public health graduate students opportunities to contribute to the real-time needs of public health agencies during a communicable disease event and/or preparedness event. The SEAL team combines classroom and field-based training in public health practice and applied epidemiology. During the first 2 years of the SEAL team (2016-2018), 34 SEALs were placed at 4 agencies contributing more than 1300 hours of assistance on 24 public health projects.
Intraductal Pneumatic Lithotripsy after Extended Transoral Duct Surgery in Submandibular Sialolithiasis
Authors: Koch Michael , Schapher Mirco , Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Goncalves Miguel , Iro Heinrich
Published: October 2018

Objective

Persistent, residual, or recurrent stones after transoral duct surgery are always associated with hilar to intraparenchymal and/or multiple sialolithiasis, causing difficulties in the treatment. This study was performed to assess the value of intraductal lithotripsy in the treatment of persistent, residual, or recurrent sialolithiasis after extended duct surgery in the submandibular gland.

Study Design

Retrospective study covering February 2015 to June 2018.

Study Setting

Tertiary referral center for salivary gland diseases.

Subjects and Methods

After extended ductal surgery, 39 patients presenting with persistent, residual, or recurrent stones were treated. Four patients had persistent stones; 16 had residual stones; and 19 presented with recurrent stones. Among these patients, 50 stones were treated with intraductal pneumatic lithotripsy. Fragmentation rate, stone‐free rate, and symptom‐free rate after treatment with intraductal lithotripsy were outcome measures.

Results

Of the 39 patients, 97.4% became stone‐free, and all were symptom‐free. Ninety‐eight percent of the stones were completely fragmented. For 23.1% of the patients, >1 stone was treated with intraductal lithotripsy. All patients with persistent stones, 93.7% of those with residual stones, and all with recurrent stones became stone‐free and symptom‐free. No severe complications developed.

Conclusions

This study shows that patients presenting with difficult and/or multiple sialolithiasis after extended transoral submandibular duct surgery can be treated with success rates >97%. For multiple sialolithiasis in particular, a multimodal treatment approach with interventional sialendoscopy and intraductal lithotripsy as a central element is a prerequisite for success, as this enables the most difficult part to be performed with high success rates.
Analysis of the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy in over-aged patients receiving coronary intervention
Authors: Pan Hui-Chao , Wu Xian-Hao , Wan Qian-Li , Liu and Bao-Hong , Wu Xu-Sheng
Published: October 2018

Contrast-induced nephropathy has been the common cause of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury in the elderly patients. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy in over-aged patients undergoing coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention. A total of 470 over-aged patients (≥80 years old) were judged as the contrast-induced nephropathy group ( n = 46) and non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( n = 424) according to the postoperative 48-h serum creatinine levels. The patients’ clinical information such as hypertension grade, number and degree of coronary artery stenosis, and death rate was compared. The risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy were also analyzed. The hypertension grade in the contrast-induced nephropathy group was significantly higher than that in the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( P = 0.004). The degree of coronary artery stenosis was significantly more in the contrast-induced nephropathy group compared with the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( P = 0.003). The death rate of the contrast-induced nephropathy group (15.8%) was significantly higher than that of the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group (0.6%; P = 0.000). The percentage of patients with abnormal urine microalbumin was significantly bigger in the contrast-induced nephropathy group (62.5%) when comparing to the non-contrast-induced nephropathy group (23.6%; P = 0.00). Besides, there was also significant difference in the emergency/selective operation between the contrast-induced nephropathy group and non-contrast-induced nephropathy group ( P = 0.001). Further, hypertension grade ( P = 0.019), emergency/selective operation ( P = 0.025), degree of coronary artery stenosis ( P = 0.038), eGFR ( P = 0.034), and urine microalbumin ( P = 0.005) were the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy. Hypertension grade, emergency/selective operation, degree of coronary artery stenosis, eGFR, and urine microalbumin were the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy in over-aged patients receiving coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, providing guidance for the clinical prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy.

Impact statement

In this work, we evaluated the risk factors for contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in over-aged patients receiving coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We found that hypertension grade, emergency/selective operation, degree of coronary artery stenosis, eGFR, and urine microalbumin were the risk factors for CIN in over-aged patients receiving CAG and PCI. This study provides guidance for the clinical prevention of CIN in over-aged patients undergoing coronary intervention, highlighting that a perioperative comprehensive management strategy is needed to improve the prognosis.
Stability analysis of a proposed charge balance A/D converter for load cell signal acquisition
Authors: Tang Jianhua , Hua Yinqun , Yang Jichang
Published: October 2018

This article proposed and discussed a kind of sigma-delta A/D converter for load cell signal acquisition, which uses improved charge balance technique. The traditional charge balance sigma-delta A/D converter is stable if and only if the magnitude of the input signal current is less than one half the magnitude of the reference current, which limits the accuracy improvement of load cell. This article examined the stability of an improved version of the charge balance sigma-delta A/D converter. The proposed converter can be designed to be stable for input signals as large as the reference, which is helpful to improve load cell’s measurement accuracy.
Bayesian Adaptive Design for Finding the Maximum Tolerated Sequence of Doses in Multicycle Dose-Finding Clinical Trials
Authors: Lyu Jiaying , Curran Emily , Ji Yuan
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Statistical designs for traditional phase I dose-finding trials consider dose-limiting toxicity in the first cycle of treatment. In reality, patients often go through multiple cycles of treatment and may experience toxicity events in more than one cycle. Therefore, it is desirable to identify the maximum tolerated sequence of three doses across three cycles of treatment.

Methods

Motivated by a three-cycle dose-finding clinical trial for a rare cancer with a JAK inhibitor, we proposed and implemented a simple Bayesian adaptive dose-cycle finding (BaSyc) design that allows intercycle and intrapatient dose modification. Because of the patient-specific dosing strategy over cycles, the BaSyc design is suited as a method in precision oncology.

Results

BaSyc is simple and transparent because its algorithm can be summarized as two tabulated decision rules before the trial starts, allowing physicians to visually examine these rules. In addition, BaSyc employs a time-saving enrollment scheme that speeds up the trial. Extensive simulation studies show that BaSyc has desirable operating characteristics in identifying the maximum tolerated sequence.

Conclusion

The BaSyc design provides a first-of-kind multicycle approach for dose finding and will likely lead to better and safer patient care and drug development.
Mild Perioperative Hypothermia and Myocardial Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
Authors: Schacham Yehoshua N. , Cohen Barak , Bajracharya Gausan R. , Walters Michael , Zimmerman Nicole , Mao Guangmei , Tanios Marianne A. , Sessler Daniel I.
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:

We tested the primary hypothesis that final intraoperative esophageal temperature is associated with increased odds of a composite of in-hospital all-cause mortality and myocardial injury within 7 days after noncardiac surgery. Secondary exposures were time-weighted average intraoperative temperature and area <37°C threshold.

METHODS:

Myocardial injury was defined by postoperative fourth-generation troponin T ≥0.03 ng/mL apparently due to cardiac ischemia. Data were extracted for inpatients who had noncardiac surgery with general anesthesia at the Cleveland Clinic between 2012 and 2015. All had esophageal temperature monitoring and routine postoperative troponin monitoring. We estimated the confounder-adjusted association between final intraoperative esophageal temperature and the collapsed composite with multivariable logistic regression. We similarly estimated associations with time-weighted average intraoperative temperature and area <37°C.

RESULTS:

Two thousand two hundred ten patients were included. Nearly all final esophageal temperatures were 36°C–37°C. Ninety-seven patients (4.4%) had myocardial injury, and 7 (0.3%) died before discharge. Final intraoperative core temperature was not associated with the collapsed composite: odds ratio, 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.68–1.24) per 1°C decrease. Similarly, neither of the secondary exposures was associated with the composite outcome.

CONCLUSIONS:

We did not observe an association between mild perioperative hypothermia and mortality or myocardial injury in adults having noncardiac surgery. However, the range of final intraoperative temperatures was small and largely restricted to the normothermic range (36°C–37°C). Trials are needed to further assess the effect of temperature on myocardial injury.
Dreaming Transnationally in America
Authors: Poblete Juan
Published: October 2018

Transnational circuits, as social practices, are not immaterial or virtual, but they do not depend on traditional understandings of one territorial location. Rather than fully and singularly determining the lives of its inhabitants, these local spaces belong now to a transterritory established by the physical, cultural, and imaginative labor of migrants connecting two such spaces, beyond the boundaries of one nation-state. Transnationalism, as a field of studies, has focused on these dynamics. Here they are used to address the question of a possible transnational politics inside the United States, connecting the lives of those who have the most and those who have the least, whether they are US nationals or foreign immigrants.
Paper Trails
Authors: Sartorius David
Published: October 2018

This essay reflects on the materiality of migration with a focus on passports and other kinds of documentary permissions for travel. It argues that throughout the history of the Americas passports have acquired meanings exceeding contemporary associations with national citizenship that are discernible in literary works and in the archival record. It looks to documentary practices in Latin America and the Caribbean to decenter the United States from studies of border crossing and Latinx subjectivities, suggesting intersecting hemispheric practices that delineate the relative importance of being documented or undocumented.
Borderland Biopolitics
Authors: Bracken Rachel Conrad
Published: October 2018

This article situates early twentieth-century Latinx fiction within the intertwined histories of public health and border surveillance along the Rio Grande to reveal a “borderland biopolitics” unique to the US-Mexico border region. Drawing on three early twentieth-century novels—Daniel Venegas’s Adventures of Don Chipote, Américo Paredes’s George Washington Gómez, and Jovita González and Eve Raleigh’s Caballero—it adds another layer of historical nuance to studies of Latinx literature by demonstrating the profound, pervasive influence that epidemiological science and public health policy have had in shaping national identity politics in the borderlands. Because militarized border control evolves from public health efforts, reframing analyses of Latinx fiction to read for public health provides fresh insight into institutionalized forms of discrimination and social injustice that continue to condition Latinx lives in the US-Mexico borderlands.
Before Latinx
Authors: Lazo Rodrigo
Published: October 2018

The article suggests that the fashionable use of the term Latinx overlooks the historical context of Spanish-language publications in which the gender distinction Latina/o is important. Focusing on the anonymously published Cartas de un Americano (London, 1826), a collection of letters written in New York and Philadelphia, the article notes the importance of male-centered homosocial relations and epistolary form for this transatlantic publication. When considering the history of textual production, should Latinx be viewed as a misnomer created by contemporary US politics? Does Latinx erase particularities of the Spanish language in a country that has never wanted to accept its Hispanophone historical dimensions?
Rubén Darío, Latino Poet
Authors: Cutler John Alba
Published: October 2018

This essay examines the circulation of works by the Latin American modernista poet Rubén Darío in US Spanish-language periodicals during the early twentieth century. These poems index the immense influence that modernismo had on US Latino/a literature. Modernismo has sometimes been understood as reflecting the conservative politics of an ascendant bourgeoisie; however, the varying contexts in which Darío’s poems appeared suggest that modernismo acted as a flashpoint for class conflict in the US Latino/a literary field. The poems thus help clarify the emergence of US latinidad in relation to hemispheric latinoamericanismo.
Latino, the Word
Authors: Guzmán Joshua Javier
Published: October 2018

This brief meditation on Latino the word underscores a politics of loss at play in the emergence of the new term Latinx. The term Latinx reveals how a performance of negation, identified in the very telling word no in Latino/Chicano, takes seriously the ex-factor marking the collective phenomenon known as latinidad. If the shifts from o to o/a to @ and now x are about political inclusion, it is not through liberal incorporation but through the inscription of linguistic and symbolic cuts, which hemorrhage something remarkably unnamable.
Night diving by some emperor penguins during the winter breeding period at Cape Washington
Authors: Kooyman Gerald L. , van Dam Robert P. , Hückstädt Luis A.
Published: October 2018

All through the bird literature and feature films, there is much ado about dedicated emperor penguin males fasting for 115 days while they do all the incubation of the single egg. Sometimes, they may not fast for so long. Based on a winter visit to Cape Washington, we obtained evidence that some birds may feed before the egg is laid, and if they do, and some are males, then their fast is much less than 115 days. The consequence of a shorter fast for the male is a better chance of completing the 65 day incubation fast and success in fledging the chick. For those in northern colonies that may migrate south, there will be closer access to open water, but there will be the need to dive in the dark.
Perfil clínico epidemiológico de pacientes com perda auditiva
Authors: Barbosa Hudson Jose Cacau , Aguiar Rafaela Arêas , Bernardes Hugo Moura Campos , Azevedo Junior Romildo Rocha , Braga Débora Brizon , Szpilman Ana Rosa Murad
Published: October 2018

Introdução: Perda Auditiva é uma deficiência relativamente comum, que afeta os indivíduos devido às várias causas, entre elas as adversidades dentro do processo laboral ou pelo próprio processo natural do envelhecimento. O diagnóstico tardio e o tratamento inadequado são fatores agravantes. Objetivo: traçar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes atendidos no ambulatório de Otorrinolaringologia da Policlínica da Universidade Vila Velha e obter a prevalência de perda auditiva, relacionando-a com as principais causas da ocorrência do déficit auditivo. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo observacional transversal, retrospectivo, por meio de consulta aos prontuários de 1275 pacientes, no período de abril de 2014 a abril de 2016. Os dados foram analisados a partir do cálculo de frequência, absoluta e relativa, e aplicação do teste de qui-quadrado. Resultados: A faixa etária mais prevalente foi a dos idosos (38%), que apresentaram Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e Diabetes Mellitus como principais comorbidades. As queixas principais foram hipoacusia (40,3%) e zumbido (36,6%). O diagnóstico relativo ao tipo de perda auditiva mais prevalente foi a Perda Auditiva Neurossensorial, seguida de Perda Auditiva Condutiva. O fator de risco mais prevalente foi exposição a ruídos (26%). Conclusões: A perda auditiva associada ao zumbido foi a mais prevalente neste estudo. O completo diagnóstico audiológico associado a uma conduta adequada e precoce previnem complicações na saúde e no desenvolvimento pessoal.
Correção cirúrgica de perfuração esofágica traumática por vídeo-toracoscopia utilizando patch de pleura parietal e músculo intercostal
Authors: Chaves Fernando kennedy Pereira , Ferreira Bruno Roberto da Silva , De Castro Filho Heládio Feitosa , Dumaresq Gotardo Duarte , Neto Francisco Martins
Published: October 2018

Introdução: As lesões de esôfago são consideradas graves. Avanços técnicos permitiram aplicar técnicas de cirurgia minimamente invasiva nesse tipo de lesão. Relato de caso: mulher, 22 anos, vítima de perfuração por projétil de arma de fogo transfixante. Após avaliação inicial, foi submetida à toracostomia à direita por hemopneumotórax. No segundo dia de internamento, após o início da dieta por via oral, foi flagrada uma saída de secreção mucoide pelo dreno. A paciente foi submetida à videotoracoscopia à direita, sendo realizada sutura da lesão esofágica associada a patch de pleura parietal e músculo intercostal. Conclusão: a abordagem por videotoracoscopia mostra-se segura e eficaz.
Fatores associados ao bem-estar subjetivo em mulheres participantes de um programa social em Minas Gerais, Brasil, 2017
Authors: Silva Keila Raiany Pereira , Maia Maria de Fátima de Matos , Lima Celina Aparecida Gonçalves , Tolentino Thatiana Maia , Lafetá Jean Claude , Durães Geraldo Magela , Neto Jaime Tolentino Miranda
Published: October 2018

Introdução: o bem-estar subjetivo se refere a como as pessoas se sentem e avaliam suas vidas. Largamente insinua-se que uma pessoa com altas taxas de bem-estar subjetivo encontra-se satisfeita com a vida e possui altas taxas de afetos positivos e relativa falta de afetos negativos. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência do bem-estar subjetivo de mulheres participantes de um programa social, bem como seus fatores associados. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico, transversal e analítico, no qual a amostra contou com 321 mulheres participantes de um programa social, com idades diversas, do Polo 1 (entre os 29 estudados). As características sociodemográficas e aquelas relacionadas à saúde foram consideradas variáveis independentes, assim como o bem-estar subjetivo foi a dependente. As variáveis foram avaliadas por frequências absolutas e relativas, e a magnitude da associação entre elas foi avaliada pela Razão de Prevalência bruta e ajustada, estimada mediante o modelo de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: a maioria das mulheres analisadas era casada (52,4%) e com obesidade (70,3%) e bem-estar subjetivo acima da média (62,8%). As mulheres com 40 anos ou mais apresentaram maior probabilidade de deter melhores índices de bem-estar subjetivo (RP=1,32), enquanto mulheres obesas apresentaram menor probabilidade de apresentar índices satisfatórios de bem-estar subjetivo (RP=0,77). Conclusão: mulheres com idade mais elevada apresentaram maior probabilidade de melhores índices de bem-estar subjetivo, enquanto obesas apresentaram menor probabilidade de índices satisfatórios de bem-estar subjetivo.
Marshallian Forces and Governance Externalities: Location Effects on Contractual Safeguards in Research and Development Alliances
Authors: Devarakonda Shivaram V. , McCann Brian T. , Reuer Jeffrey J.
Published: October 2018

We examine the impact of geographic location of alliance activities on the design of safeguards in contracts governing research and development (R&D) partnerships. Joining research on agglomeration and alliance governance, we argue that the Marshallian agglomerative forces at work in a given location produce governance-related externalities that extend beyond productivity-related externalities considered in previous research. We investigate how location characteristics linked to Marshallian forces, such as local knowledge spillovers, R&D rivalry, dense industry employment, and the strength of professional organizations, have an impact on the specification of formal governance mechanisms. In particular, these Marshallian forces have a bearing on formal governance mechanisms that safeguard the execution of the R&D partnership, such as joint administrative interfaces and termination provisions. We analyze R&D partnerships between biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms and find that misappropriation hazards arising from greater knowledge spillovers and R&D competition in the region where R&D activities are located promote the use of these formal governance mechanisms in R&D partnerships. We also find that factors supporting thick interpersonal networks, such as the intensity of sectoral employment and the strength of professional bodies, reduce the use of formal governance mechanisms in R&D partnerships.
Implementing a 7-day stoma care service: an impact assessment
Authors: Bird Andrew , Humes David , Banerjea Ayan , Bharathan Balamurali , Whitehead Denyse
Published: October 2018

In light of NHS England's recommendation to create a 7-day NHS, the colorectal and stoma care service at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust piloted a 7-day service. Combined colorectal/stoma care nursing roles were separated into dedicated roles; a holistic enhanced-recovery care pathway was implemented; and partial and full weekend working patterns for nurses was trialled. A comparative study assessed the efficacy of the changes. After implementation, stoma patients had a statistically significant 2-day average reduction in length of stay and an increase in the number of weekend discharges was noted. This reduction in length of stay represents a potential saving of over £150 000 for the Trust and the NHS. Although the impact of other concurrent service changes should be taken into account, this suggests that a 7-day service is a financially viable option.
Smooth talking
Authors: Tassoni Penny , Tassoni Anne-Marie
Published: October 2018

Stammering is common in young children, and early intervention is key to helping them. Anne-Marie Tassoni and Penny Tassoni explain the causes and explore some strategies
Group consultations: Benefits and implementation strategies
Authors: Birrell Fraser , Brady Louise , Jones Tania
Published: October 2018

Group consultations are becoming more and more common as the patient benefits are increasingly recognised. This article clarifies what a group consultation entails and the best ways of implementing them in practice
Research Roundup
Authors: Winter George
Published: October 2018

George Winter provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to practice nurses. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided.
Organizational Structure Scale – University Version
Authors: Erol Evrim , Ordu Aydan
Published: October 2018

This study aims to conduct validity and reliability analysis of Organizational Structure Scale-University version (OSS-U) that enables us to determine organizational structures of universities. The scale was developed based on the Axiomatic Theory by Hage, literature review and expert opinions. The sample of the study consisted of a total of 655 faculty members working at state universities in Turkey. Psychometric features of the scale were tested with three different models. The content validity of the suggested models was tested with Lawshe Analysis; the construct validity with Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) while the reliability was tested with Cronbach alpha which is a measure of internal consistency. As a result of the analyses conducted, all of these three models were determined to be valid and reliable with the relevant sample. It was also revealed that OSS-U can be used as model 1 in which nine dimensions (number of occupational specialties, professional training, professional activities, participation in decisions, hierarchy of authority, standardization, professional latitude, difference in rewards and difference in status) describe one single concept (University Structure), or model 2 in which four subscales (Complexity Scale, Centralization Scale, Formalization Scale and Stratification Scale) are independent pieces of an umbrella term (University Structure) or model 3, as a combination of these two models (model 1 + model 2), where combined subscales that have dimensions in itself describe a hypernym (University).
Socio-Scientific Issues as a Context for STEM Education: A Case Study Research with Pre-Service Science Teachers
Authors: Bozkurt-Altan Esra , Ozturk Nurhan , Yenilmez-Turkoglu Ayse
Published: October 2018

This study was designed as a case study. Participants were 12 senior pre-service science teachers (PSTs), who took theoretical and practical courses about STEM education and socio-scientific issues (SSIs) during their education at a state university. For the study, in the first 4 weeks, theoretical courses on SSIs and STEM education were carried out. Afterwards, PSTs were asked to choose a SSI and configure this issue as a problem statement to perform a STEM activity. Participants were given a total of 3 weeks to determine the issue and prepare the STEM activity, and the researchers of the study gave systematic feedback during this period. Then, starting from the fifth week of the study, groups started to implement their STEM activities in the class, where their peers were assigned as their students. The activity plans they prepare, the field notes taken by the researchers during the implementation of the activities and the semi-structured interviews about the opinions of the PSTs on the use of SSI in STEM education were the data sources of the study. Findings revealed that PSTs found establishing STEM problem situations over SSIs suitable since they provide features such as conformity to real life, having multiple criteria and providing compatibility with other disciplines. Moreover, after their practices, they pointed out that the activities enabled both the teaching of the SSI and the integrated teaching to be carried out. As a conclusion, it is recommended to use socio-scientific problem situations to perform STEM education.
Elementary Students’ Views on the Gendering of Mathematics
Authors: Forgasz Helen , Markovits Zvia
Published: October 2018

Gender differences in mathematics learning outcomes are still evident in many countries participating in large scale international testing, as well as in national testing in Israel, the context in which the study reported here was conducted. The participants were 281 students from three Israeli elementary schools and were in grades 4 and 6. The students completed a questionnaire with items based on a selection of variables included in explanatory models for gender differences in mathematics. It was found that many students held gendered beliefs related to mathematics learning, particularly when the questions asked related to themselves or to significant others in their lives (parents and teachers); the views of the majority of students were gender neutral. When presented with two photographs -a man, and a woman- and asked who was the one more likely to work with mathematics, it was clear that the students’ choices and explanations echoed perceptions of mathematics as a male domain.