bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indian Medicinal Plant-Derived Phytochemicals as Potential Antidotes for Snakebite: A Pharmacoinformatic Study of Atrolysin Inhibitors
Authors: Ravi Deva Asirvatham , Hwang Du Hyeon , Mohan Prakash Ramachandran Loganathan , Kang Changkeun , Kim Euikyung
Published: November 2024

Snakebite envenoming is a significant health threat, particularly in tropical regions, causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Traditional treatments, including antivenom therapy, have limitations and associated risks. This research aims to discover novel phytochemical antidotes for snakebites, specifically targeting the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom metalloproteinase Atrolysin. Utilizing pharmacoinformatic techniques such as molecular docking, high-throughput ligand screening, pharmacophore mapping, pharmacokinetic profiling, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we analyzed phytochemicals from the Indian Medicinal Plants, Phytochemistry And Therapeutics (IMPPAT) database alongside well-known nine metalloproteinase inhibitors from the PubChem database. From an initial set of 17,967 compounds, 4708 unique compounds were identified for further study. These compounds were evaluated based on drug likeness, molecular descriptors, ADME properties, and toxicity profiles. Binding site predictions and molecular docking identified key interacting residues and binding energies, highlighting several promising compounds. Density functional theory (DFT) analysis provided insights into these compounds’ electronic properties and stability. MD simulations assessed the dynamic stability of protein-ligand complexes using parameters such as RMSD, RMSF, the radius of gyration, and hydrogen bond interactions. This study identified top candidates, including CID5291, IMPHY001495, IMPHY014737, IMPHY008983, IMPHY008176, and IMPHY003833, based on their favorable binding energies, interaction forces, and structural stability. These findings suggest that the selected phytochemicals have the potential to serve as effective alternatives to traditional antivenom treatments, offering a promising avenue for further research and development in snakebite management.
Deciphering the Role of the SREBF1 Gene in the Transcriptional Regulation of Porcine Adipogenesis Using CRISPR/Cas9 Editing
Authors: Aksoy Mehmet Onur , Bilinska Adrianna , Stachowiak Monika , Flisikowska Tatiana , Szczerbal Izabela
Published: November 2024

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) is an important transcription factor that controls lipid metabolism and adipogenesis. Two isoforms, SREBP1a and SREBP1c, are generated by alternative splicing of the first exon of the SREBF1 gene. The porcine SREBF1 gene has mainly been studied for its role in lipid metabolism in adipose tissues, but little is known about its involvement, and the role of its two isoforms, in adipogenesis. The aim of the present study was to introduce a deletion in the 5′-regulatory region of the SREBF1c gene, considered crucial for adipogenesis, using the Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) method. This approach allows for the evaluation of how inhibiting SREBF1c transcription affects the expression of other genes essential for adipocyte differentiation, particularly PPARG, CEBPA, CEBPB, CEBPD, GATA2, and FABP4. It was observed that disrupting the SREBF1c isoform had no effect on the GATA2 gene but did result in a decrease in the expression of the CEBPA and CEBPD genes, an increase in the expression of CEBPB, and an inhibition in the expression of the PPARG and FABP4 genes. These changes in gene expression blocked adipogenesis, as could be seen by the failure of lipid droplets to accumulate. Our results provide evidence highlighting the pivotal role of the SREBP1c isoform in the regulation of porcine adipogenesis.
Vicinal Diol Sesquiterpenes from Cinnamomum migao with Neuroprotective Effects in PC12 Cells
Authors: Zhou Lang , Chen Faju , Yang Lishou , Peng Mei , Pan Xiong , Lou Huayong , Yang Juan , Yang Xiaosheng , Li Qiji
Published: November 2024

In the ongoing search for new vicinal diol natural products, four new (Migaones A–D, 1–4) and four known (5–8) vicinal diol sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the branches and leaves of Cinnamomum migao. Their structures were unequivocally determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and comparison with existing literature data. All compounds isolated from C. migao possess vicinal diol structural units except compound 2. The newly isolated compounds (1–4) were evaluated for their neuroprotective activity using the PC12 cell injury model induced by N-methyl-daspartate acid (NMDA) and compounds 1–2 showing moderate neuroprotective activity against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, molecular docking studies indicated that the most active compound 2 binds to the active site of the NMDA receptor via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions.
Neurotrophic Effects of Foeniculum vulgare Ethanol Extracts on Hippocampal Neurons: Role of Anethole in Neurite Outgrowth and Synaptic Development
Authors: Habiba Sarmin Ummey , Choi Ho Jin , Munni Yeasmin Akter , Yang In-Jun , Haque Md. Nazmul , Moon Il Soo
Published: November 2024

Foeniculum vulgare Mill, commonly known as fennel, is an aromatic herb traditionally used for culinary and medicinal purposes, with potential therapeutic effects on neurological disorders. However, limited research has focused on its neurotrophic impact, particularly on neuronal maturation and synaptic development. This study investigates the neurotrophic effects of F. vulgare ethanol extracts (FVSE) on the maturation of rat primary hippocampal neurons. Results show that FVSE and its prominent component, anethole, significantly promote neurite outgrowth in a dose-dependent manner. Optimal axonal and dendritic growth occurred at concentrations of 40 µg/mL FVSE and 20 µM anethole, respectively, without causing cytotoxicity, underscoring the safety of FVSE for neuronal health. Additionally, FVSE enhances the formation of synapses, essential for neuronal communication. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that FVSE components influence critical neurotrophic pathways, including PI3K-AKT and Alzheimer’s disease pathways. Specifically, FVSE modulates key proteins, including tropomyosin receptor kinase (Trk), glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3βser9), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk1/2). Anethole was found to play a key role in regulating these pathways, which was confirmed by immunocytochemistry experiments demonstrating its effect on promoting neuronal growth and synaptic development. In conclusion, this study highlights the neurotrophic properties of FVSE, with anethole emerging as a critical bioactive compound. These findings provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of fennel in treating neurological disorders, offering a basis for future research into interventions promoting neuronal growth and survival.
Genetic Manipulation of Caveolin-1 in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Aortic Root Aneurysm: Sex-Dependent Effects on Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Function
Authors: Curry-Koski Tala , Gusek Brikena , Potter Ross M. , Jones T. Bucky , Dickman Raechel , Johnson Nathan , Stallone John N. , Rahimian Roshanak , Vallejo-Elias Johana , Esfandiarei Mitra
Published: November 2024

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a systemic connective tissue disorder stemming from mutations in the gene encoding Fibrillin-1 (Fbn1), a key extracellular matrix glycoprotein. This condition manifests with various clinical features, the most critical of which is the formation of aortic root aneurysms. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) production due to diminished endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity has been linked to MFS aortic aneurysm pathology. Caveolin-1 (Cav1), a structural protein of plasma membrane caveolae, is known to inhibit eNOS activity, suggesting its involvement in MFS aneurysm progression by modulating NO levels. In this study, we examined the role of Cav1 in aortic smooth muscle and endothelial function, aortic wall elasticity, and wall strength in male and female MFS mice (FBN1+/Cys1041Gly) by generating developing Cav1-deficient MFS mice (MFS/Cav1KO). Our findings reveal that Cav1 ablation leads to a pronounced reduction in aortic smooth muscle contraction in response to phenylephrine, attributable to an increase in NO production in the aortic wall. Furthermore, we observed enhanced aortic relaxation responses to acetylcholine in MFS/Cav1KO mice, further underscoring Cav1’s inhibitory impact on NO synthesis within the aorta. Notably, van Gieson staining and chamber myography analyses showed improved elastin fiber structure and wall strength in male MFS/Cav1KO mice, whereas these effects were absent in female counterparts. Cav1’s regulatory influence on aortic root aneurysm development in MFS through NO-mediated modulation of smooth muscle and endothelial function, with notable sex-dependent variations.
Effect of the Protic vs. Non-Protic Molecular Environment on the cis to trans Conformation Change of Phototrexate Drug
Authors: Bencze Flórián , Kiss László , Li Heng , Yan Hui , Kollár László , Kunsági-Máté Sándor
Published: November 2024

The therapeutical applicability of the anticancer drug phototrexate, a photoswitchable derivative of the antimetabolite dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor methotrexate, highly depends on the stability of its bioactive isomer. Considering that only the cis configuration of phototrexate is bioactive, in this work, the effect of the molecular environment on the stability of the cis isomer of this drug has been investigated. UV-vis absorption and fluorescence-based solvent relaxation methods have been used. Protic methanol and non-protic dimethylsulfoxide were used as medium-ranged permittivity solvents. The results showed a decreased rate of cis → trans conversion and enhanced stabilities of the cis isomer in methanol. Temperature-dependent measurements of the isomerization rate reflect the increased activation energy in methanol.
Stromal-Cell-Derived Factor-1 Antibody Decreased Cancellous Osseointegration Strength in a Murine Tibial Implant Model
Authors: Suhardi Vincentius J. , Oktarina Anastasia , Ricciardi Benjamin F. , Bostrom Mathias P. G. , Yang Xu
Published: November 2024

Background: Active recruitment of osteogenic cells by secreted signaling factors, such as stromal-cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), has recently been proposed as a novel strategy to enhance osseointegration. However, the intrinsic importance of the SDF-1/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis in promoting osseointegration is unknown. To study the role of SDF-1/CXCR4 in osseointegration, we blocked the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway in a murine tibial implant model through repeated administrations of an antibody against SDF-1. Methods: Using our previously described murine tibial implant model (N = 24), mice were randomized into an anti-SDF-1 group and a control group (N = 12/group). Intraperitoneal injections of CXCL12/SDF-1 monoclonal antibody (84 µg/mouse) or mouse IgG1 isotype were administered on days 2, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, and 25 post-surgery. Mice were euthanized 4 weeks post-surgery. Peri-implant bone mass and architecture were determined through microcomputed tomography (µ-CT). Bone implant strength was detected through implant pull-out testing. Results: Inhibition of the SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway significantly reduced host bone–implant interface strength but did not significantly change the cancellous architecture surrounding the implant. Conclusion: SDF-1/CXCR4 is an important pathway to achieve maximum implant osseointegration. However, inhibition of the pathway did not completely eliminate osseointegration.
Organizational Digital Transformation Readiness: An Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Michelotto Flavia , Joia Luiz Antonio
Published: November 2024

The widespread adoption of digital technologies across various aspects of society has led to the emergence of two highly context-dependent constructs that explain how businesses are getting ready for transformative digital processes: digital readiness and digital transformation (DT). However, assessing the extent to which an organization is ready to succeed in a DT initiative still requires further investigation. This research addresses this gap by working towards a practical definition and model of organizational digital transformation readiness (ODTR). The authors investigate how an organization’s readiness for digital transformation should be conceptualized, assessed, and improved through a systematic literature review. This literature review covered the years 2004 to 2021, as well as articles published until May 2022. The search was conducted in the Web of Science database, as well as in the most important publishers’ databases, resulting in 264 papers on “e-readiness”, 72 articles on “digital transformation”, and 8 articles on “digital transformation readiness”. Based on this, some dimensions emerged as the most prominent for understanding how companies prepare for transformative digital processes, namely technological resources, business processes, management capability, human capability, and corporate culture, which highlights the multidisciplinary nature of ODTR. Furthermore, the literature review showed the similarity between e-readiness and digital readiness, allowing the assessment of an organization’s maturity for digital transformation. The review synthesized the scientific literature on the readiness of organizations for digital transformation, allowing the proposition of an integrative framework to evaluate ODTR. Moreover, it allows the development of insights and recommendations for practices related to successful digital transformation initiatives. As this literature review has limitations related to its scope and search criteria, future studies can provide a broader investigation into how organizations respond to the challenge of DT and their respective readiness to do so in practice.
Bearing Characteristics of Screw-Groove Piles: Model Test and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Zhao Huiling , Deng Yousheng , Zhuang Ziying , Yao Zhigang
Published: November 2024

Screw-groove piles, a new type of precast pile, are economically and environmentally friendly and improve the load-bearing performance of piles through a unique screw-groove structure. To reveal the load-transfer characteristics and bearing mechanism of the screw-groove pile, the axial force, load–settlement curve, skin friction, bearing capacity, and response characteristics of the foundation for piles under vertical loading were analyzed. Furthermore, a parameter analysis of the ultimate bearing capacity and material utilization of screw-groove piles was performed using the finite element method. The results demonstrate that the screw-groove pile had an ultimate bearing capacity 1.85 times higher than that of the circular pile, and its material utilization rate was 2.85 times higher. The screw-groove surface end resistance and pile-tip resistance formed a multipoint vertical bearing mode. It efficiently utilized the soil’s shear strength and mobilized a larger volume of surrounding soil to share the load. The screw-groove structure increased the pile–soil interaction surface, thereby increasing the skin friction resistance of the pile. Additionally, increasing the inner radius of the screw groove boosts the pile’s bearing capacity but may reduce material utilization. An optimal screw-groove spacing balances both factors, while excessive groove thickness lowers material use. The pile shows high sensitivity to soil parameters.
Analysis of the Influence of Different Diameters of De Laval Supersonic Nozzles on the Key Splashing Parameters of Remaining Slag
Authors: Sinelnikov Viktor , Kalisz Dorota , Novosád Jan , Czarnywojtek Piotr , Rapiejko Cezary , Niedzielski Piotr , Kaczorowski Rafał , Srb Pavel , Maia Breno Totti , Petrů Michal , Łoś (Buczkowska) Katarzyna Ewa
Published: November 2024

The paper is devoted to the analysis of a supersonic nozzle system effect in gas-cooled lances on the technological parameters of slag splashing in an oxygen converter. Simulation calculations were carried out, taking into account the parameters of nozzles used in the technological lines of converter steel plants in Ukraine and Brazil. The problems were solved in several stages. The simulation results of the first stage revealed the influence of different nozzle diameters dcr, dex and the inlet pressure before nozzle P0 on the nitrogen consumption of one nozzle Vн. Calculations also showed the influence of the critical dcr and output dex of the nozzle diameter and nitrogen flow through one nozzle Vн on the power of injected nitrogen N1 and the depth of penetration of the stream hx into the liquid slag. The second stage was dedicated to numerical simulation of the slag splashing process, including an array of results from the first stage. The thermodynamic and physical parameters were calculated using our own computer program, while 3D simulations were conducted using the ANSYS Fluent 2023 R2 program.
Effects of Low Temperature, Freeze–Thaw Cycles, and Healing Conditions on Viability of Non-Ureolytic Bacteria in Biological Self-Healing Concrete
Authors: Ivaškė Augusta , Jakubovskis Ronaldas , Boris Renata , Urbonavičius Jaunius
Published: November 2024

The capacity of biological self-healing concrete (BSHC) to repair cracks relies on the sustained viability and metabolic function of bacteria embedded within the concrete. BSHC structures face significant risk in cold climates due to low temperatures and freeze–thaw (FT) cycles, during which freezing water can generate internal pressure that damages bacterial cells and diminishes their activity. A special feature of this study is the incorporation of bacterial spores within expanded clay aggregates, tested under varying environmental conditions. The viability of bacterial spores was measured under cold and freeze–thaw cycles by counting colony-forming units, and a specific methodology was developed to assess the efficiency of self-healing under rain-simulated conditions. It was demonstrated that bacteria embedded in concrete could endure fluctuations in low temperatures and freeze–thaw cycles, compromising approximately 50% of viable spores. Also, it was found that water immersion during concrete curing can trigger early germination, decreasing viable spore counts by nearly tenfold. Ultimately, it was demonstrated that the healing of cracks in BSHC components is influenced by the conditions under which the specimens are incubated. The results suggest that BSHC can be employed in cold climate areas, given that suitable curing conditions and adequate bacterial protection within the concrete are ensured.
An Extend Sliding Mode Disturbance Observer for Optical Inertial Platform Line-of–Sight Stabilized Control
Authors: Chang Sansan , Yang Di , Cao Jianzhong , Li Xiang
Published: November 2024

As the imaging distance and focal length of photoelectric systems increase, the requirements for line-of–sight stabilization of optical inertial stabilized platforms (ISPs) become higher. Disturbance rejection directly determines the stability accuracy of optical inertial stabilized platforms. However, the accurate observation and suppression of wide-band and rapidly changing disturbances remains a challenge in current engineering applications. This paper proposes a robust extended sliding mode observer (ESMO) method to improve disturbance estimation performance. First, the linear extended state observer (LESO) is designed by taking the total disturbances as extended states. Then, a sliding mode observer (SMO) is incorporated in the extended states of the extended observer, forming a robust ESMO. Subsequently, the robustness and convergence characteristics of the proposed method are mathematically proved, revealing that it operates robustly without knowing the disturbance’s upper bound and offers faster dynamics and higher accuracy than the LESO. Finally, a series of simulation experimental tests are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed method observes wide-band and rapidly changing disturbances utilizing the rapidly switching characteristic of the SMO and smooths the jitter of the SMO by cascading sliding mode estimation to the differentiation term of extended observation, achieving the integral effect of the reaching law. Meanwhile, this method only requires adjusting two parameters, making it suitable for engineering applications. It can be effectively used in optical inertial stabilized platform control systems for disturbance estimation and compensation.
Mechanisms of Chromium Removal from Water and Soil Using Bioleached Nano Zero-Valent Iron-Mediated Biochar via Co-Pyrolysis
Authors: Liu Zhiyi , Zhou Shuhong , Cai Yubing , Zhang Xuehai , Shaaban Muhammad , Peng Qi-an , Cai Yajun
Published: November 2024

Biological charcoal loaded with nano zero-valent iron (nZVI@BC) was synthesized using the bioleaching co-pyrolysis method. This study analyzed the formulation sequence of nZVI@BC and its influence on chromium elimination from water and soil, along with the involved mechanisms. The bioleaching method facilitated ionic iron incorporation onto biochar in the form of yellow potassium ferroalum compounds, which were reduced to Fe0 by H2, CO, and CH4 generated during biomass co-pyrolysis. In aqueous conditions, the removal capacity of Cr(VI) by nZVI@BC increased by 72.01% and 66.92% compared to biochar (BC) and biochar–bioleachate composite (BBC), respectively. Under optimal conditions, nZVI@BC eliminated 90.11% of 20 mg/L Cr(VI), with experimental data fitting the Freundlich and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The nZVI@BC also showed a passivation effect on chromium in soil; after 45 days, the exchangeable state of chromium was reduced by 12.89%, while the residual state increased by 10.45%. This enhancement in chromium elimination from soil was evident, as the residual state increased more for nZVI@BC (10.45%) than for BC alone (9.67% and 8.48%). Soil physicochemical properties and microbial community abundance improved as well. Cr(VI) removal mechanisms involved adsorption, reduction, and co-precipitation in water, while soil mechanisms included surface adsorption, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and complexation. The synthesis of nZVI@BC offers a novel method for creating iron-modified materials to effectively remove Cr(VI).
Making Sense of the Relationship Between Ultra-Processed Foods, Obesity, and Other Chronic Diseases
Authors: Temple Norman J.
Published: November 2024

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is a food category within the NOVA system. The key feature of UPFs are foods that have been highly processed and contain various additives, especially those that are industrially produced. It is claimed that UPFs are inherently unhealthy. The classification system is highly controversial. This paper critically evaluates the evidence. In stark contrast to conventional systems for food classification, the NOVA system disregards the nutritional values of foods. As a result, many foods generally considered to be healthy are included as UPFs, whereas many unhealthy foods are excluded. Epidemiological studies, mainly prospective cohort studies, have consistently reported an association between the intake of UPFs and risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes, common mental disorders (especially depression), and all-cause mortality. A similar association has been reported for cancer and hypertension, but the supporting evidence is weaker. The most plausible explanation for this is that the associations are largely due to a limited number of unhealthy foods, such as processed meat and sugar-sweetened beverages. Studies of the relationship between UPFs and obesity present a different picture. There is much evidence that suggests that UPFs play a major causal role in obesity. The high contents of fat, sugar, carbohydrates, and sodium commonly present in UPFs makes these foods hyperpalatable. In addition, UPFs typically have a high energy density. As a result of these two features of UPFs, most people consume an excessive energy intake when presented with UPFs. Because UPFs include a wide range of foods, many of which are healthy, it is likely that while many UPFs are obesogenic, many others are not.
Effect of Lipid Nanoparticle Physico-Chemical Properties and Composition on Their Interaction with the Immune System
Authors: Catenacci Laura , Rossi Rachele , Sechi Francesca , Buonocore Daniela , Sorrenti Milena , Perteghella Sara , Peviani Marco , Bonferoni Maria Cristina
Published: November 2024

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promise as a delivery system for nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including DNA, siRNA, and mRNA vaccines. The immune system plays a critical role in the response to these nanocarriers, with innate immune cells initiating an early response and adaptive immune cells mediating a more specific reaction, sometimes leading to potential adverse effects. Recent studies have shown that the innate immune response to LNPs is mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize the lipid components of the nanoparticles. This recognition can trigger the activation of inflammatory pathways and the production of cytokines and chemokines, leading to potential adverse effects such as fever, inflammation, and pain at the injection site. On the other hand, the adaptive immune response to LNPs appears to be primarily directed against the protein encoded by the mRNA cargo, with little evidence of an ongoing adaptive immune response to the components of the LNP itself. Understanding the relationship between LNPs and the immune system is critical for the development of safe and effective nucleic acid-based delivery systems. In fact, targeting the immune system is essential to develop effective vaccines, as well as therapies against cancer or infections. There is a lack of research in the literature that has systematically studied the factors that influence the interaction between LNPs and the immune system and further research is needed to better elucidate the mechanisms underlying the immune response to LNPs. In this review, we discuss LNPs’ composition, physico-chemical properties, such as size, shape, and surface charge, and the protein corona formation which can affect the reactivity of the immune system, thus providing a guide for the research on new formulations that could gain a favorable efficacy/safety profile.
Electrospinning and Rheological Characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polyvinyl Alcohol with Different Degrees of Hydrolysis Incorporating Molecularly Imprinted Polymers
Authors: Sigonya Sisonke , Mokhena Teboho Clement , Mayer Paul , Makhanya Talent Raymond , Mokhothu Thabang Hendrica
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the electrospinning and rheological properties of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with varying degrees of hydrolysis (DH) for molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) incorporation. The morphology and properties of the electrospun nanofibers were evaluated, revealing that PVA nanofibers exhibited smoother and more uniform structures compared to PET fibers. The rheological behavior of the polymer solutions was also characterized, showing that PVA 99 DH solution exhibited shear-thinning behavior due to the unique structural properties of the polymer chains. The introduction of MIP and NIP additives had no significant impact on the rheological properties, except for PVA 99 MIP and NIP solutions, which showed deviations from Newtonian behavior. The electrospun MIP nanofibers showed a conductivity of 1054 µS/cm for PVA (87–90% DH) and a viscosity of 165.5 mPa·s, leading to optimal fiber formation, while displaying a good adsorption capacity of 0.36 mg for PVA-MIP to effectively target pharmaceuticals such as emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil, showing their potential for advanced water treatment applications. The results suggest that the electrospinning process and rheological properties of the polymer solutions are influenced by the molecular structure and interactions within the polymer matrix, which can be exploited to tailor the properties of MIPs for specific applications.
Self-Oscillation of Liquid Crystal Elastomer Fiber-Slide System Driven by Self-Flickering Light Source
Authors: Ge Dali , Hong Qingrui , Liu Xin , Liang Haiyi
Published: November 2024

Self-oscillation, a control approach inspired by biological systems, demonstrates an autonomous, continuous, and regular response to constant external environmental stimuli. Until now, most self-oscillation systems have relied on a static external environment that continuously supplies energy, while materials typically absorb ambient energy only intermittently. In this article, we propose an innovative self-oscillation of liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) fiber-slide system driven by a self-flickering light source, which can efficiently regulate the energy input in sync with the self-oscillating behavior under constant voltage. This system primarily consists of a photo-responsive LCE fiber, a slider that includes a conductive segment and an insulating segment, a light source, and a conductive track. Using the dynamic LCE model, we derive the governing equation for the motion of the LCE fiber-slider system. Numerical simulations show that the LCE fiber-slide system under constant voltage exhibits two distinct motion phases, namely the stationary phase and the self-oscillation phase. The self-oscillation occurs due to the photo-induced contraction of the LCE fiber when the light source is activated. We also investigate the critical conditions required to initiate self-oscillation, and examine key system parameters influencing its frequency and amplitude. Unlike the continuous energy release from the static environmental field in most self-oscillation systems, our LCE fiber-slide self-oscillation system is driven by a self-flickering light source, which dynamically adjusts the energy input under a constant voltage to synchronize with the self-oscillating behavior. Our design features advantages such as spontaneous periodic lighting, a simple structure, energy efficiency, and ease of operation. It shows significant promise for dynamic circuit systems, monitoring devices, and optical applications.
Intracellular ATP Levels: Challenge to the Current Consensus and Its Implications for Intracellular Signaling
Authors: Antoni Ferenc A.
Published: November 2024

Work with novel indicators that report intracellular ATP concentrations with improved spatial and temporal resolution have challenged the current consensus that under physiological conditions, intracellular ATP concentrations are not rate-limiting to enzymatic reactions. Recent data from cardiac myocytes and cultured neurons show marked fluctuations of intracellular ATP levels, as well as evidence for compartmentalization. It is likely that the availability of these genetically encoded indicators will produce rapid progress in the mapping of the dynamics of intracellular ATP concentrations in various types of cells. Here, a brief account of the most recent indicators is provided as well as a review of how natural evolution appears to have obviated the potential shortage of the ATP supply to one of key enzymes of the cyclic AMP signaling cascade, adenylyl cyclase 9.
Prediction of Residual Wear Resources of Composite Brake Pads of a Modernized Brake System of Freight Wagons
Authors: Panchenko Sergii , Gerlici Juraj , Lovska Alyona , Ravlyuk Vasyl , Dižo Ján
Published: November 2024

This research highlights the results of a comprehensive study of the efficiency of modernized brake systems operation of freight wagons. The inspection of the modernized elements of the lever brake system of bogies and the measurement of the wear parameters of composite brake pads during each cycle of the experimental wagons in the interval of mileage from 2.1 to 197.8 thousand km were carried out. A statistical approach was used to study the wear parameters of brake pads of modernized bogies brake systems determined during operational studies. This allowed appropriate dependencies of brake pad wear to be obtained. Based on the research results, a regression model was developed. This makes it possible to predict the residual wear resource of composite brake pads with modernized braking systems of bogies for the entire inter-repair period of operation of freight wagons guaranteed by the wagon repair company. The peculiarity of the model is that it considers the total and additional mileage of the freight wagon. This makes it possible to more accurately predict the residual lifetime of composite brake pads. It was established that, under the condition of uniform wear of brake pads, the average mileage of a freight wagon during the use of modernized brake systems of bogies can reach up to 284.57 thousand km, which increases the resource of composite pads’ wear approximately by 2.59 times. The generated model was verified by the F-criterion. Approbation of experimental devices for uniform wear of composite pads in operation established that measures to modernize brake systems of freight wagons ensure the reliable and efficient operation of the brake lever system as a whole.
Quick Groundwater Flow to Tropical Savanna Springs (Mataranka, Northern Territory, Australia)
Authors: Lamontagne Sébastien , Duvert Clément , Suckow Axel
Published: November 2024

The Mataranka Springs Complex is a regional groundwater discharge for the Cambrian Limestone Aquifer (CLA) of the Northern Territory (Australia) and forms the headwaters for the environmentally sensitive Roper River. Whilst a regional groundwater contribution to the spring flow is well established, the absence of cover over the CLA in the vicinity of the springs and the prevalence of karst suggest that a component of quick flow during the wet season is possible. A quick flow contribution to the springs was evaluated using a biweekly monitoring programme for several environmental tracers (major ions, stable isotopes of water, and 222Rn) at two large springs (Rainbow Spring and Bitter Spring) and at one minor spring (Fig Tree Spring) over a two-year period that included a relatively dry (2019–2020) and a relatively wet (2020–2021) rainy season. There were limited variations in all tracers at Rainbow and Bitter springs throughout the monitoring programme, indicating an absence or a minimal contribution from quick flow. In contrast, all tracers responded to large rainfall events at a scale of days to weeks in Fig Tree Spring, consistent with a component of quick flow. However, the tracer response at Fig Tree was complex and possibly involved a combination of quick flow, unsaturated zone processes, and changes in the geochemical environment in the aquifer. Quick flow may be favoured in the parts of the Mataranka Springs Complex, where flow paths flow through the karstic tufa layer overlying the CLA.
Coupled Electrolysis–Microfiltration System for Efficient Phosphorus Removal and Recovery in the Form of Iron Phosphate Compounds from Wastewater
Authors: Yan Hengfei , Wang Lifeng , Liu Weiping , Liu Xiaofeng , Liu Di
Published: November 2024

Electrochemical technology presents a promising approach for phosphorus recovery from wastewater. Nevertheless, its application in industry is hindered by relatively low phosphorus recovery efficiency, high energy consumption and complex reactor configurations. In this study, a coupled electrolysis and microfiltration system was designed for phosphorus recovery in the shape of iron phosphate compounds with the use of steel pickling wastewater as the iron source. In the electrolysis unit, the anode diffusion layer was extracted from the porous anode surface with the production of an acid effluent and an alkaline effluent. The alkaline effluent was mixed with the stainless steel acid washing wastewater generated from the steel pickling process and then introduced into the microfiltration unit to intercept the iron phosphate crystals. The filtered effluent was finally introduced into the air aeration unit to further reduce the phosphorus content in the water. And the extracted acid solution could be reused in the pickling step of the iron and steel manufacturing process. The experimental results show that the coupled system achieved phosphorus recovery of 42~80% at a current density of 5~20 mA cm−2, accompanying energy consumption of 5.78~9.15 kWh (kg P)−1 and current efficiency of 79~43%, when the phosphorus concentration was 3 mM and the iron–phosphorus molar ratio was 1.5. After the microfiltration treatment, the residual phosphorus could be further reduced to 0.5 mg L−1 within 30 min at an aeration rate of 80 mL min−1, which met the discharge standard. The presence of interfering ions (HCO3− and SiO42−) posed inhibited effects on phosphorus recovery. Generally, this study provides a green and environmentally friendly way to efficiently recover phosphorus resources from wastewater.
Improving personal continuity in general practice: a focus group study
Authors: Groot Lex JJ , Janssen Esther , Westerman Marjan J , Schers Henk J , Burgers Jako S , Smalbrugge Martin , Uijen Annemarie A , van der Horst Henriëtte E , Maarsingh Otto R
Published: November 2024

Background

Personal continuity is an important dimension of continuity of care in general practice and is associated with many benefits including a higher quality of GP care and lower mortality rate. Over time, changes in society and health care have challenged the provision of personal continuity. Older patients in particular experience more negative consequences from receiving discontinuous care.

Aim

To explore the perspectives of GPs, older patients, practice nurses, and assistants on improving personal continuity in general practice, and to identify barriers and facilitators that affect this improvement process.

Design and setting

A qualitative study using focus groups was conducted from May to August 2019.

Method

We organised four focus groups: two with GPs (
n
= 17), one with patients (
n
= 7), and one with practice assistants (
n
= 4) and practice nurses (
n
= 2). Focus groups were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

Personal continuity was viewed as being provided by the entire general practice team and not just by the patient’s own GP. It was suggested that investing in team communication and stability (for example, by efficient use of the electronic health records) and retaining the availability and accessibility of the patient’s own GP for patient care, especially for frail older persons, (for example, by delegating tasks) could improve personal continuity. Barriers and facilitators were perceived at the individual (for example, GPs’ involvement in tasks), organisation (for example, staff shortages), and societal level (for example, payment system).

Conclusion

As general practice moves towards a more team-based approach to ensure personal continuity, efforts to improve personal continuity should focus on supporting team-based provision of continuous care.
Postos de trabalho ocupados por profissionais fisioterapeutas na Atenção Primária no Brasil: tendência temporal entre 2008 e 2021
Authors: Gomes Tayná Bernardino , Brito Geraldo Eduardo Guedes de , Silva Silvia Lanziotti Azevedo da , Oliveira Erick Michell Bezerra
Published: November 2024

A inserção do fisioterapeuta no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) ainda é um desafio para o modelo de saúde vigente devido ao seu recente processo de expansão. A consolidação do fisioterapeuta neste contexto depende da criação de políticas públicas que contemplem tanto o profissional da AB quanto reconhecimento destes no processo trabalho em saúde. Análises de tendência temporal podem ser um importante aliado na avaliação de longas séries de dados, sendo úteis para o acompanhamento de informações em saúde que podem ser usadas no planejamento e na visualização do impacto de políticas públicas. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal sobre os postos de trabalho para fisioterapeutas alocados em estabelecimentos da APS no período de 2008 a 2021, com dados obtidos do banco de dados CNES. Observou-se um aumento percentual no número de postos de trabalho na APS no Brasil durante o período analisado Destacam-se os Centros de Saúde/Unidades Básicas de Saúde, com uma AAPC de 7,5% (IC: 6,4-8,7), e os Centros de Atenção à Saúde da Família, com uma AAPC de 23,4% (IC: 16,6-30,6).
Impactos da transição alimentar na saúde bucal de crianças e adolescentes indígenas: uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Figueira Marivalda Pinto , Silva Nataly Custódio da , Santos Taís Dias dos , Saraiva Hélia Fernandes , Freitas Juliana Rocha de , Fonseca Tiago Silva da , Moreira Abelardo da Silva
Published: November 2024

Considerando a crescente influência da transição alimentar na saúde bucal de crianças e adolescentes indígenas, este estudo objetiva analisar seus impactos, identificando os principais fatores de risco e a relação entre o consumo de alimentos tradicionais e industrializados com a ocorrência de problemas bucais. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, abrangendo estudos publicados entre 2004 e 2024. Os resultados evidenciaram a alta prevalência de cárie dentária associada à incorporação de alimentos industrializados na dieta, bem como a necessidade urgente de políticas públicas que considerem as particularidades culturais e sociais dessas populações, promovendo o acesso a serviços odontológicos e a educação em saúde bucal. Conclui-se que a transição alimentar representa um desafio significativo para a saúde bucal de crianças e adolescentes indígenas, demandando ações intersetoriais que valorizem os hábitos alimentares tradicionais e incentivem escolhas alimentares saudáveis, a fim de garantir o bem-estar integral dessas comunidades.
Radioterapia coadjuvante no tratamento da hidrosadenite supurativa
Authors: Dornelas Marilho Tadeu , Valle Júlia Villaça , Dornelas Gabriel Victor , Dornelas Larissa Vitória , Oliveira Lívia Ferreira de
Published: November 2024

Introdução: A hidrosadenite supurativa é uma doença inflamatória crônica, de origem infecciosa, que acomete as glândulas sudoríparas apócrinas. Os fatores associados ao aparecimento da patologia são variados e a etiologia ainda é incerta. Sabe-se que a obesidade, o tabagismo e história familiar positiva são usualmente encontrados nestes pacientes, além de uso agressores físico ou químicos, como depilação frequente das áreas acometidas. Esse processo inflamatório tipicamente crônico alterna períodos de remissão e agudização, que cursam com grandes quantidades de secreção fétida e purulenta, dor local e aspecto eritematoso e cianóticoda pele. O tratamento conservador nestes casos tem pouca eficácia, sendo necessária intervenção cirúrgica para controle cura da doença. Atualmente, a associação com a radioterapia tem grande importância no cenário prático, reduzindo a morbidade cirúrgica, permitindo um melhor resultado estético e funcional, além de diminuir as recidivas locais. Objetivo: Descrever a utilização da radioterapia como ferramenta adjuvante no tratamento da hidrosadenite supurativa, podendo ser empregada também como terapia neoadjuvante em casos com grandes áreas de ressecção, com comprometimento funcional e estético. Resultados: Os pacientes que foram submetidos a radioterapia tanto adjuvante quanto neoadjuvante obtiveram redução da secreção na área fistulosa, diminuição do eritema, odor menos intenso e redução da dor. Conclusões: A radioterapia pode ser empregada como alternativa a pacientes que apresentam um grande acometimento de áreas nobres, em que, caso fosse empregada a ressecção completa, obteríamos grande comprometimento funcional e estético.
Lipedema resistance after bariatric surgery: case reports
Authors: Kaefer Michelle , Andrade Sabrina Fontana de , Oliveira Laura Eduarda de , Pasqualoto Luisa Buhse , Ciceri Ana Carolina Marques , Tioda Ighor Seiji Okumura , Oliveira Syang Ândrea de , Scalcon Márcia Regina Rosa , Scherer Felipe de Oliveira , Schwarzbold Alexandre Vargas , Paniz Clóvis , Carvalho José Antonio Mainardi de
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Lipedema is a loose connective tissue disease characterized by painful fibrotic fat nodules in the limbs. Obesity is the comorbidity most frequently associated with lipedema; however, lipedema fat is resistant to traditional weight loss measures, including metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS). We present seven cases of women with distinct types, stages, and symptoms of lipedema who had already undergone MBS for the treatment of obesity and its complications. Case Presentations: Women with diagnostic features of lipedema were voluntarily recruited for a project involving the dissemination of research on lipedema. Among these women, seven (15.6%) had already undergone MBS, and their case reports are described in this study. The volunteers were interviewed regarding their clinical history and evaluated the impact of MBS on overall weight loss and weight regain, as well as the impact of these processes on the volume and the presence of symptoms and comorbidities of lipedema. Conclusions: MBS was effective in providing significant weight loss in the cases evaluated but had limited effects on lipedema fat. The treatment of lipedema should be paired with the treatment of obesity by employing conservative methods, such as dietary plans, or liposuction surgery. A previous diagnosis of lipedema associated with obesity in patients who undergo MBS may improve pre- and postoperative management and, consequently, lead to a better outcome, improving the quality of life of the patient.
Análise das abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas da Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson em crianças: uma revisão narrativa
Authors: Mundim Renato Resende , Santana Maria Luisa Oliveira , Marques Grazielle de Oliveira , Moura Guilherme Rodrigues Fontes , Ney Gabriela Brill
Published: November 2024

A Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson é uma condição rara e grave que afeta crianças, caracterizada por uma reação de hipersensibilidade que compromete a pele e as mucosas, com rápida progressão e alto risco de complicações sistêmicas. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas da SSJ em pacientes pediátricos por meio de uma revisão narrativa de 14 artigos publicados de 2016 a 2022. O diagnóstico é predominantemente clínico, com destaque para sinais como o sinal de Nikolsky e a avaliação de fatores etiológicos, incluindo o uso recente de medicamentos e infecções virais. O manejo terapêutico baseia-se na suspensão imediata do agente causador, suporte intensivo, como reposição volêmica e cuidados oftalmológicos. Contudo, terapias imunomoduladoras, como corticosteroides e imunoglobulinas intravenosas, permanecem controversas, com falta de consenso sobre sua eficácia em crianças. Conclui-se que o diagnóstico precoce e a individualização do tratamento são essenciais para melhorar o prognóstico. No entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para estabelecer protocolos terapêuticos específicos para essa população vulnerável.