bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilidades interventivas às opressões de gênero nas ofensivas capitalistas: a experiência educacional com migrantes do programa “Mulheres Sim” do IFSC/Joinville
Authors: Kanaan Hanen Sarkis , Alencar Francisca Vilandia de
Published: February 2024

As mulheres encampam uma extensa luta por igualdade de direitos e acesso igualitário aos espaços sociais de poder no interior da sociedade capitalista, de modo que a discriminação naturalizada obriga as mulheres a lutarem duas vezes: contra o capitalismo e contra a opressão masculina. No entanto, como diria Elisabeth Souza-Lobo “A classe operária tem dois sexos”, por isso, trata-se de um processo e uma luta conjunta, não sendo possível empreender em ordem sequencial: vencer o capitalismo para só então superar outras formas de opressão. São coisas indissociáveis e enfrentadas ao mesmo tempo. Por isso, queremos aqui apresentar a experiência do Programa “Mulheres Sim” no IFSC, em especial a do Câmpus Joinville, como possibilidade interventiva às opressões de gênero na sociedade capitalista, a qual comprova que a Universidade possui meios para propor novas práticas socioculturais na sociedade, proporcionando o empoderamento de grupos oprimidos através do conhecimento crítico, mas também prático quando o relaciona com a profissionalização para a autonomia.
Phylogenomic Inference of Protein Molecular Function
Authors: Krishnamurthy Nandini , Sjölander Kimmen
Published: October 2005

With the explosion in sequence data, accurate prediction of protein function has become a vital task in prioritizing experimental investigation. While computationally efficient methods for homology‐based function prediction have been developed to make this approach feasible in high‐throughput mode, it is not without its dangers. Biological processes such as gene duplication, domain shuffling, and speciation produce families of related genes whose gene products can have vastly different molecular functions. Standard sequence‐comparison approaches may not discriminate effectively among these candidate homologs, leading to errors in database annotations. In this unit, we describe phylogenomic approaches to reduce the error rate in function prediction. Phylogenomic inference of protein molecular function consists of a series of subtasks. Once a cluster of homologs is identified, a multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree are constructed. Finally, the phylogenetic tree is overlaid with experimental data culled for the members of the family, and changes in biochemical function can be traced along the evolutionary tree.
Growing and Analyzing Biofilms in Fermenters
Authors: Ramey Bronwyn E. , Parsek Matthew R.
Published: October 2005

One of the most daunting challenges of biofilm research is comparing experimental results produced by multiple laboratories, each of which uses different techniques to generate, analyze, and interpret biofilm data. The heterogeneity inherent to biofilm communities contributes to the difficulty in obtaining reproducible results between experiments within a single laboratory, but the problem is compounded further by a lack of standardization in techniques. A number of biofilm culture methods are presented in this unit to provide a set of standards for biofilm study. Each model system differs in growth conditions, applied variables, and experimental output, all of which must be carefully considered when designing an experiment and, most critically, during data interpretation. In this unit, two methods of biofilm culture that are known to reliably provide reproducible, statistically clean results in determining the viability and antimicrobial susceptibility of biofilm communities are described. The spinning disc model provides multiple biofilm samples from the same biofilm reactor, significantly reducing data variability. The tube biofilm method, in addition to providing this benefit, can be used for expression analysis, and thus can yield informative data on both macro‐ and micro‐scales. These methods also utilize continuous culture, or chemostat, conditions to maintain a quasi‐steady state.
Example of Real‐Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription–PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) Analysis of Bacterial Gene Expression during Mammalian Infection: Borrelia burgdorferi in Mouse Tissues
Authors: Miller Jennifer C.
Published: October 2005

This unit provides a chronological in‐depth description of all protocols needed for quantitative reverse transcription–PCR (Q‐RT‐PCR) analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression within infected mouse tissues. Specifically, this unit discusses the extraction of RNA from infected mouse tissues, removal of contaminating genomic DNA from the purified RNA, preparation of cDNA and genomic DNA standards, LightCycler‐based PCR, and a relative quantification analysis of the cDNA. Q‐RT‐PCR as a highly relevant and powerful tool used to detect gene expression by bacteria within mammalian host tissues. It is also an invaluable technique used to measure and assess the small differences in expression that can exist among a set of genes, whereas this type of analysis is not feasible using less‐sensitive techniques such as indirect immunofluorescence analysis or qualitative RT‐PCR. Although the protocols described herein are tailored for B. burgdorferi, they are broadly applicable to other microbes.
Proper Alignment and Adjustment of the Light Microscope
Authors: Salmon Edward D. , von Lackum Kate , Canman Julie C.
Published: October 2005

The light microscope is a basic tool for the cell biologist, who should have a thorough understanding of how it works, how it should be aligned for different applications (e.g., brightfield, phase‐contrast, differential interference contrast, and fluorescence epi‐illumination), and how it should be maintained as required to obtain maximum image‐forming capacity and resolution. The principles of microscopy and step‐by‐step alignment and adjustment procedures are described in this unit.
Sindbis Virus: Propagation, Quantification, and Storage
Authors: Hernandez Raquel , Sinodis Christine , Brown Dennis T.
Published: October 2005

The prototype of the Alphaviruses, Sindbis virus, has a broad host range. In nature, Sindbis virus shuttles from an insect vector to a vertebrate host and back to the insect vector in a complex transmission cycle. Sindbis virus must, therefore, be able to replicate in two biochemically and genetically divergent hosts, invertebrates and vertebrates. In the laboratory, Sindbis grows to high titers in a large variety of cultured cells of both vertebrate and invertebrate origin. Sindbis virus is easily titered for infectivity on several mammalian cell lines as well as certain mosquito cells. Full‐length cDNA clones of several strains of Sindbis virus are available from which infectious RNA can be synthesized, making possible the genetic manipulation of the virus. Transfection of mammalian and insect cells by electroporation has facilitated expression of RNA mutants in the cell lines of choice.
Gram Staining
Authors: Coico Richard
Published: October 2005

Named after Hans Christian Gram who developed the method in 1884, the Gram stain allows one to distinguish between Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria on the basis of differential staining with a crystal violet‐iodine complex and a safranin counterstain. The cell walls of Gram‐positive organisms retain this complex after treatment with alcohol and appear purple, whereas gram‐negative organisms decolorize following such treatment and appear pink. The method described here is useful for assessing bacterial contamination of tissue culture samples or for examining the Gram stain status and morphological features of bacteria isolated from mixed or isolated bacterial cultures.
Pilot‐scale anaerobic thermophilic digester treating municipal sludge
Authors: de la Rubia M. A. , Romero L. I. , Sales D. , Perez M.
Published: October 2005

The work reported concerns anaerobic thermophilic municipal sludge digestion (55°C) in a completely mixed anaerobic digester on a pilot‐plant scale (850 L). The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of increasing the organic loading rate (OLR) on the efficiency of this digester and to report on its steady‐state performance. The reactor had previously been converted from mesophilic to thermophilic conditions following the protocol previously proposed by the authors: this was achieved by a modified method that combined systems investigated in Chicago and in Vancouver. The reactor was subsequently subjected to a program of steady‐state operation over a range of sludge retention times (SRTs) of 27, 20, and 15 days. The digester was fed with raw sludge [containing approximately 34.8 g/L volatile solids (VS)] three times per day. Under thermophilic conditions and with a 27‐day SRT, the reactor was operated with an OLR of 1.48 kg VS m−3 day−1. The solids removal efficiency of the reactor was 42.9%, whereas the volumetric methane production rate in the digester reached 0.35 m3 m−3 day−1. Over an operating period of 150 days, an OLR of 2.63 kg VS m−3 day−1 was achieved with 41.8% VS removal efficiency in the pilot sludge digester (SRT: 15 days). During this period the volumetric methane production rate in the digester reached 0.20 m3 m−3 day−1 and 0.20 m3/kg VSr (VS reduction). The greatest efficiency in terms of substrate removal was 54.3% for an OLR of 1.71 kg VS m−3 day−1 and SRT of 20 days. Under these conditions, the generation of biogas and methane was at levels of 0.86 and 0.58 m3 m−3 day−1, respectively, with a methane yield of 0.70 m3/kg VSr. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Design modifications to SMX static mixer for improving mixing
Authors: Liu Shiping , Hrymak Andrew N. , Wood Philip E.
Published: October 2005

Laminar mixing in SMX static mixers and the effect of geometry on mixing are studied using computational fluid dynamics. A frame‐indifferent parameter is used to classify the flow types in the SMX mixer. All three typical flows (simple shear, pure elongation, and squeezing) appear within the flow field of the SMX mixer. The strain rate distribution in the SMX mixer is observed to be very nonuniform. A mixing element with 10 crossbars shows the best mixing quality, followed closely by the standard SMX mixing element with eight crossbars. The improved designs of the mixing element increase the average and peak strain rate, and provide a more uniform strain rate distribution and faster mixing rate compared to those of the standard SMX mixer. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
CFD predictions for chemical processing in a confined impinging‐jets reactor
Authors: Liu Ying , Fox R. O.
Published: October 2005

Confined impinging‐jets reactors (CIJR) offer many advantages for the chemical processing of rapid processes, such as precipitation and the production of organic nanoparticles. Nevertheless, due to the lack of predictive design criteria, the use of such a reactor for a new process currently requires a significant experimental campaign before it can be used commercially. Experimentally derived scale‐up rules for CIJRs have recently been reported. Using carefully controlled experiments with a fast parallel‐reaction system, the conversion of 2,2‐dimethoxypropane (DMP) for a wide range of jet Reynolds numbers have been measured. The experimental conversion data can be accurately predicted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the range of jet Reynolds number where the flow is turbulent. In addition, the CFD provides a wealth of detailed information on the reacting flow inside of the CIJR. Such information provides excellent guidance for improving the performance of the reactor by, for example, changes in the geometry. By clearly illustrating the ability of CFD to reproduce (without adjustable parameters) the experimental data for a CIJR, this study makes a significant step in the direction of “experiment‐free” design and scale‐up of chemical reactors. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Kinetic modeling of microwave‐assisted chemoenzymatic epoxidation of styrene
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D. , Borkar Indrakant V.
Published: October 2005

Novozym 435 (Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on polyacrylic resin) is used to generate perlauric acid directly from lauric acid and hydrogen peroxide. This generated perlauric acid was then applied for both in situ and ex situ epoxidation of styrene to styrene oxide. The reactions were carried out by using conventional heating as well as microwave heating. Various kinetic parameters affecting the conversion and initial rates of styrene to styrene oxide were studied including mass transfer, mechanism, kinetic modeling, and deactivation. Under microwave irradiation, there was an increase in the frequency factor resulting from enhanced collision of molecules, which can in turn be attributed to the increasing entropy of the system. The values of activation energy for the conventional and microwave heating are almost the same. The enzyme is deactivated by hydrogen peroxide and perlauric acid and also at high temperature under conventional heating. In the presence of microwaves, the deactivation of Novozym 435 was substantially reduced. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Variable contact angle model for gas hydrate equilibrium in porous media
Authors: Peddireddy S. , Lee S.‐Y. , Lee J. W.
Published: October 2005

A new thermodynamic model is presented to determine gas hydrate equilibrium in sediments. Using variable contact angles between water and gas in pores, we obtain more accurate prediction of the equilibrium condition of gas hydrates in the sediment than previous studies that used a constant angle of zero. An empirical correlation between variable contact angles and gas solubility is determined in terms of experimental data and is used in the thermodynamic calculations. The new variable contact angle model can reduce the prediction error for equilibrium pressure by more than 50% compared to the Clark–Bishnoi model for temperatures > 274 K. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Intravenous gamma globulin is effective as an urgent treatment in Brucella‐induced severe thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Altuntas Fevzi , Yildiz Orhan , Sarı Ismail , Eser Bulent , Cetin Mustafa , Unal Ali
Published: October 2005

Severe thrombocytopenia is a rare hematologic manifestation of brucellosis, which can occasionally be associated with bleeding into the skin and from mucosal sites. Prompt recognition of this brucellosis complication and aggressive therapy is vital because the mortality rate associated with bleeding into the central nervous system is high. We report a case of a patient infected with Brucella melitensis who was admitted with a severe case of thrombocytopenic purpura. The patient responded well to intravenous gamma globulin (IVIg) treatment with platelet recovery within 2–3 days. For cases of Brucella‐induced thrombocytopenic purpura, IVIg may be administered as an urgent therapy until the microbial therapy takes effect. Am. J. Hematol. 80:204–206, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thrombocytopenic conditions—autoimmunity and hypercoagulability: Commonalities and differences in ITP, TTP, HIT, and APS
Authors: Kravitz Martine Szyper , Shoenfeld Yehuda
Published: October 2005

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura (TTP), heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) are clinical conditions associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These well‐defined clinical syndromes have in common several properties: (1) their pathogenesis is immune mediated, specifically by autoantibodies; (2) thrombocytopenia is a hallmark in these four conditions; (3) except for the case of ITP, platelet and endothelial cell activation occurs in TTP, HIT, and APS, resulting in a prothrombotic state and an increased risk of thrombosis. Although these four immune‐mediated syndromes are well‐defined diseases, several case reports and studies have documented the association of two diseases in the same patient, illustrating the concept of the kaleidoscope of autoimmunity. Am. J. Hematol. 80:232–242, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intense paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukemoid reaction related to a G‐CSF‐Secreting lung sarcoma
Authors: Jardin Fabrice , Vasse Marc , Debled Marc , Dominique Stéphane , Courville Philippe , Callonnec Françoise , Buchonnet Gérard , Thiberville Luc , Tilly Hervé
Published: October 2005

A white blood cell count more than 50 × 109/l, not related to bone marrow involvement, is termed leukemoid reaction. We report on the first case of an undifferentiated sarcoma of the lung associated with an intense paraneoplastic neutrophilic leukemoid reaction related to the production of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). A radiography and a computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a well‐limited voluminous and heterogeneous low‐density mass of the left lung. The patient died of multiorgan failure related to uncontrolled progressive tumor growth after admission and two cycles of chemotherapy. The patient's G‐CSF serum concentration was dramatically elevated (6,538 pg/ml) compared to serum levels observed in normal controls and patients with elevated leukocytosis (31 and 387 pg/ml, respectively). The G‐CSF concentration dramatically increased after the first cycle of chemotherapy and during the subsequent neutropenia, as a result of the tumor lyses as well as of disruption of the physiological negative feedback mechanism. Adjunction of the patient's serum to CD34+ cell cultures induced a 12.3‐fold increase in CD15+ cells, demonstrating the serum's capacity to induce myeloid differentiation. Am. J. Hematol. 80:243–245, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship of B‐type natriuretic peptide and anemia in patients with and without heart failure: A substudy from the Breathing Not Properly (BNP) Multinational Study
Authors: Wu Alan H.B. , Omland Torbjørn , Wold Knudsen Cathrine , McCord James , Nowak Richard M. , Hollander Judd E. , Duc Philippe , Storrow Alan B. , Abraham William T. , Clopton Paul , Maisel Alan S. , McCullough for the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Stud Peter A.
Published: October 2005

While anemia is a significant risk factor for poor outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF), it is not in defined guidelines for HF assessment. B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a marker for diagnosis and management of patients with HF. We determined the incidence of anemia in patients with HF and the relationship between BNP and hemoglobin (Hgb) levels in patients with and without HF. Results from the Breathing Not Properly Multinational Trial consisted of 1586 patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with dyspnea. Because renal insufficiency is a confounding variable for BNP, patients with a creatinine of ≥2.0 mg/dL were excluded. The remaining data were evaluated from 620 non‐HF patients (337 M, 283 F) and 547 HF patients (299 M, 248 F). The New York Heart Association (NYHA) HF classification and ejection fraction by echocardiography were assessed for HF patients. Blood was tested for Hgb, BNP, and creatinine. Using World Health Organization criteria for anemia, we observed that HF patients in NYHA class III or IV had lower mean Hgb levels (12.5 g/dL, P < 0.05) and a higher incidence of anemia (48.2%, P < 0.05) than did HF patients in class I or II (13.4 g/dL and 33.9%, respectively). There was no correlation between Hgb and log BNP for females without HF or the aggregate of all HF patients. In contrast, a significant inverse correlation was observed for males without HF (P < 0.001). Although there were differences in the BMI, age, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) versus Hgb observed in this group, the log BNP correlation remained significant after multivariate analysis. A significant inverse correlation for log BNP and Hgb were also observed for diastolic (EF ≥ 50) HF (P < 0.05) that was also not accounted for by the BMI, age, or eGFR. The presence of anemia is associated with worsening HF at ED presentation. For males without HF and diastolic HF patients of both genders, a low Hgb may be a confounding variable toward increasing BNP. Among systolic HF patients, the presence of a low hemoglobin concentration is not a factor in the interpretation of BNP results. Am. J. Hematol. 80:174–180, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
von Willebrand disease R1374C: Type 2A or 2M? A challenge to the revised classification. High frequency in the northwest of Spain (Galicia)
Authors: Penas Norma , Pérez‐Rodríguez Almudena , Torea Jorge Horacio , Lourés Esther , Noya María Soledad , López‐Fernández María Fernanda , Batlle Javier
Published: October 2005

Patients initially diagnosed with type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) have been reclassified as type 2 after a more exhaustive analysis in several studies. Our study's objectives were (1) to reanalyze patients that were previously diagnosed as type 1 to achieve a more accurate diagnosis and (2) to compare the von Willebrand factor (VWF) ristocetin cofactor assay (VWF:RCo) and the VWF collagen binding assay (VWF:CB) in order to evaluate the possibility of replacing the former assay with the latter in the diagnosis of VWD. Twenty‐one patients from two large unrelated families and 104 normal controls were studied. VWF:Ag, VWF:RCo, FVIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), bleeding time (BT), PFA100, and multimeric analysis of VWF were tested. Genetic analysis by sequencing exon 28 on the VWF gene was also carried out. Patients presented lower levels of VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo, a dissociation between VWF:RCo/VWF:Ag, and the presence of all sizes of multimers in plasma VWF. The results for VWF:CB varied depending on the type of collagen used. The genetic analysis showed that the mutation R1374C is responsible for type 2M VWD. A high frequency of the R1374C mutation is observed in northwestern Spain (Galicia). Some types of 2M VWD are misdiagnosed as type 1 VWD. The VWF:CB (with type I collagen) assay was unable to discriminate defective platelet binding of the R1374C VWF. This confirms that VWF:CB cannot substitute for VWF:RCo, and both should be tested when diagnosing VWD. Am. J. Hematol. 80:188–196, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Guidance on the use of miglustat for treating patients with type 1 Gaucher disease
Authors: Weinreb Neal J. , Barranger John A. , Charrow Joel , Grabowski Gregory A. , Mankin Henry J. , Mistry Pramod
Published: October 2005

Type 1 Gaucher disease (GD) is a progressive lysosomal storage disorder due to an autosomal recessive deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. Clinical manifestations include anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone and pulmonary disease. Intravenous enzyme replacement (ERT) with imiglucerase is the accepted standard for treatment of symptomatic patients. More than 3,500 patients worldwide have received ERT with well‐documented beneficial effects on the hematological, visceral, skeletal, and pulmonary manifestations, and with resultant improvement in health‐related quality of life. Miglustat, an imino sugar that reversibly inhibits glucosylceramide synthase and reduces intracellular substrate burden, is an oral treatment for patients with type 1 GD that was recently approved in the United States for symptomatic patients with mild to moderate clinical manifestations for whom ERT is not an option. Because responses to miglustat are slower and less robust than those observed with ERT, and because miglustat is associated with significant side effects, clinicians who care for patients with GD should become familiar with the limited indications for miglustat use and the circumstances when it may be prescribed appropriately. This review article and position statement represents the current opinion of American physicians with extensive expertise in GD regarding patient management in the context of the availability of standard imiglucerase treatment and the recent introduction of miglustat. Am. J. Hematol. 80:223–229, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence that interaction between neuregulin 1 and its receptor erbB4 increases susceptibility to schizophrenia
Authors: Norton Nadine , Moskvina Valentina , Morris Derek W , Bray Nicholas J , Zammit Stanley , Williams Nigel M , Williams Hywel J , Preece Anna C , Dwyer Sarah , Wilkinson Jennifer C , Spurlock Gillian , Kirov George , Buckland Paul , Waddington John L , Gill Michael , Corvin Aiden P , Owen Michael J , O'Donovan Michael C
Published: October 2005

There is now strong evidence that Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) is a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. NRG1 mediates some of its effects through the tyrosine kinase receptor erbB4, and analysis of gene knock‐out animals suggests that the functional interaction of NRG1 and erbB4 mediates behaviors that may model some aspects of the schizophrenia phenotype in mice. Given these findings, we have sought evidence for association between schizophrenia and erbB4. Mutation screening of erbB4 in 14 DSMIV schizophrenics revealed 15 SNPs, none of which were nonsynonymous. Analysis of the allele frequencies of each SNP in pools of 368 DSMIV schizophrenics and 368 controls provided modest evidence for association with two of the SNPs, although individual genotyping in an extended sample of 680 cases did not confirm this. However, we did find evidence for a significant interaction between the NRG1 “Icelandic” schizophrenia risk haplotype and erbB4 (P = 0.019). The NRG1 and erbB4 interacting marker was further genotyped in an independent sample of 290 cases and 634 controls from Dublin. Interaction between NRG1 and erbB4 remained significant in the combined sample of 970 cases and 1,341 controls, OR = 2.98 (CI: 1.16–7.64), P = 0.01, although it only showed a trend in the Dublin sample alone (P = 0.11, two tailed). Our data require independent replication, but tentatively suggest that NRG1 may mediate its effects on schizophrenia susceptibility through functional interaction with erbB4, and that genetic interaction between variants at the two loci increases susceptibility to schizophrenia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cover Picture: Two‐Component Graded Deposition of Biomolecules with a Double‐Barreled Nanopipette (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 42/2005)
Authors: Rodolfa Kit T. , Bruckbauer Andreas , Zhou Dejian , Korchev Yuri E. , Klenerman David
Published: October 2005

The persistence of Edgar Degas is illustrated in the formation of highly complex, graded, ‘two‐color’ images on the submicron scale. Two species can be delivered independently from a single pipette through the use of scanning ion‐conductance distance control. The cover picture shows biological molecules being delivered in air through a liquid meniscus at the tip of a double‐barreled nanopipette (Salvador Dali, not to scale, is shown painting the Degas Dancers with a nanopipette) as described by D. Klenerman et al. in their Communication on page 6854 ff.
Lanthanide borohydrido complexes for MMA polymerization: syndio‐ vs iso‐ stereocontrol
Authors: Barbier‐Baudry Denise , Bouyer Frédéric , Madureira Bruno Ana Sofia , Visseaux Marc
Published: October 2005

This paper presents an extensive study of the polymerization of MMA with borohydrido lanthanide complexes for the first time. Catalytic systems are made from a lanthanide derivative bearing zero one, or two bulky ligands: substituted cyclopentadienyl (Cp*′ = C5Me4nPr, Cp4i = C5HiPr4, CpPh3 = H2C5Ph3‐1,2,4), and/or diketiminate ([(p‐tol)NN] = [(p‐CH3C6H4)N(CH3)C]2CH), in the presence of variable quantities of alkylating agent. With BuLi in apolar medium, highly isotactic polymer (up to 95.6%) is formed. In THF, syndiotactic‐rich PMMA is obtained whatever the nature of the co‐catalyst (BuLi or MgnBu2). The presence of an electron‐withdrawing ligand such as CpPh3 allows high syndioregularity, up to 81.8% at 0 °C, together with the highest conversion. There is quite good concordance between calculated and experimental molecular data in THF. Divalent Cp*′2SmII(THF) and (CpPh3)2SmII(THF) are active as single‐component initiators; the former affords PMMA 88% syndiotactic at 0 °C. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structures and styrene polymerization activities of a series of nickel complexes bearing ligands of pyrazolone derivatives
Authors: Bao Feng , Ma Rui , Lü Xingqiang , Gui Guoqiu , Wu Qing
Published: October 2005

A series of nickel complexes with β‐ketoamine ligands based on pyrazolone derivatives were synthesized by condensing pyrazolone with aniline, 2‐chloroaniline or naphthylamine and then reacting the produced β‐ketoamine with nickel halide. The solid‐state structures of these three complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The bis(β‐ketoamine)nickel complexes are all air‐stable and can act as highly active catalyst precursors for styrene polymerization with activation of methylaluminoxane under mild reaction conditions. The activity of the catalyst for styrene polymerization is as high as 2.10 × 105 g polymer/mol Ni h. Both steric and electronic effects were found to be important and influential for catalytic activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Productivity in the Internet mailing lists: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Kuperman Victor
Published: October 2005

The author examines patterns of productivity in the Internet mailing lists, also known as discussion lists or discussion groups. Datasets have been collected from electronic archives of two Internet mailing lists, the LINGUIST and the History of the English Language. Theoretical models widely used in informetric research have been applied to fit the distribution of posted messages over the population of authors. The Generalized Inverse Poisson‐Gaussian and Poisson‐lognormal distributions show excellent results in both datasets, while Lotka and Yule–Simon distribution demonstrate poor‐to‐mediocre fits. In the mailing list where moderation and quality control are enforced to a higher degree, i.e., the LINGUIST, Lotka, and Yule–Simon distributions perform better. The findings can be plausibly explained by the lesser applicability of the success‐breeds‐success model to the information production in the electronic communication media, such as Internet mailing lists, where selectivity of publications is marginal or nonexistent. The hypothesis is preliminary, and needs to be validated against the larger variety of datasets. Characteristics of the quality control, competitiveness, and the reward structure in Internet mailing lists as compared to professional scholarly journals are discussed.
The autoparametric 3:2 resonance in conservative systems
Authors: Horák J.
Published: October 2005

In the resonance model, high‐frequency quasi‐periodic oscillations (QPOs) are supposed to be a consequence of nonlinear resonance between modes of oscillations occurring within the innermost parts of an accretion disk. Several models with a prescribed mode–mode interaction were proposed in order to explain the characteristic properties of the resonance in QPO sources. In this paper, we examine nonlinear oscillations of a system having a quadratic nonlinearity and we show that this case is particularly relevant for QPOs. We present a very convenient way how to study autoparametric resonances of a fully general system using the method of multiple scales. We concentrate to conservative systems and discuss their behavior near the 3:2 parametric resonance. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Resonance conditions
Authors: Rebusco P.
Published: October 2005

Non‐linear parametric resonances occur frequently in nature. Here we summarize how they can be studied by means of perturbative methods. We show in particular how resonances can affect the motion of a test particle orbiting in the vicinity of a compact object. These mathematical toy‐models .nd application in explaining the structure of the observed kHz Quasi‐Periodic Oscillations: we show which aspects of the reality naturally enter in the theory, and which one still remain a puzzle. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Forced oscillations in fluid tori and quasi‐periodic oscillations
Authors: Lee W. H.
Published: October 2005

The kilo‐Hertz Quasi‐Periodic Oscillations in X‐ray binaries could originate within the accretion flow, and be a signature of non–linear fluid oscillations and mode coupling in strong gravity. The possibility to decipher these systems will impact our knowledge of fundamental parameters such as the neutron star mass, radius, and spin. Thus they offer the possibility to constrain the nuclear equation of state and the rotation parameter of stellar–mass black holes. We review the general properties of these oscillations from a hydrodynamical point of view, when the accretion flow is subject to external perturbations and summarize recent results. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Global oscillations of a fluid torus as a modulation mechanism for black‐hole high‐frequency QPOs
Authors: Bursa M.
Published: October 2005

We study strong‐gravity effects on modulation of radiation emerging from accreting compact objects as a possible mechanism for flux modulation in QPOs. We construct a toy model of an oscillating torus in the slender approximation assuming thermal bremsstrahlung for the intrinsic emissivity of the medium and we compute observed (predicted) radiation signal including contribution of indirect (higher‐order) images and caustics in the Schwarzschild spacetime. We show that the simplest oscillation mode in an accretion flow, axisymmetric up‐and‐down motion at the meridional epicyclic frequency, may be directly observable when it occurs in the inner parts of accretion flow around black holes. Together with the second oscillation mode, an in‐and‐out motion at the radial epicyclic frequency, it may then be responsible for the high‐frequency modulations of the X‐ray flux observed at two distinct frequencies (twin HF‐QPOs) in micro‐quasars. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The correlations and anticorrelations in QPO data
Authors: Abramowicz M. A. , Barret D. , Bursa M. , Horák J. , Kluźniak W. , Rebusco P. , Török G.
Published: October 2005

Double peak kHz QPO frequencies in neutron star sources varies in time by a factor of hundreds Hz while in microquasar sources the frequencies are fixed and located at the line ν 2 = 1.5ν 1 in the frequency‐frequency plot. The crucial question in the theory of twin HFQPOs is whether or not those observed in neutron‐star systems are essentially different from those observed in black holes. In black hole systems the twin HFQPOs are known to be in a 3:2 ratio for each source. At first sight, this seems not to be the case for neutron stars. For each individual neutron star, the upper and lower kHz QPO frequencies, ν 2 and ν 1, are linearly correlated, ν 2 = Aν 1 + B , with the slope A < 1.5, i.e., the frequencies definitely are not in a 1.5 ratio. In this contribution we show that when considered jointly on a frequency‐frequency plot, the data for the twin kHz QPO frequencies in several (as opposed to one) neutron stars uniquely pick out a certain preferred frequency ratio that is equal to 1.5 for the six sources examined so far. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Influence of Charged Side Chains on the Folding–Unfolding Equilibrium of β‐Peptides: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Glättli Alice , Daura Xavier , Bindschädler Pascal , Jaun Bernhard , Mahajan Yogesh R. , Mathad Raveendra I. , Rueping Magnus , Seebach Dieter , van Gunsteren Wilfred F.
Published: October 2005

The influence of charged side chains on the folding–unfolding equilibrium of β‐peptides was investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations. Four different peptides containing only negatively charged side chains, positively charged side chains, both types of charged side chains (with the ability to form stabilizing salt bridges) or no charged side chains were studied under various conditions (different simulation temperatures, starting structures and solvent environment). The NMR solution structure in methanol of one of the peptides (A) has already been published; the synthesis and NMR analysis of another peptide (B) is described here. The other peptides (C and D) studied herein have hitherto not been synthesized. All four peptides A–D are expected to adopt a left‐handed 314‐helix in solution as well as in the simulations. The resulting ensembles of structures were analyzed in terms of conformational space sampled by the peptides, folding behavior, structural properties such as hydrogen bonding, side chain–side chain and side chain–backbone interactions and in terms of the level of agreement with the NMR data available for two of the peptides. It was found that the presence of charged side chains significantly slows down the folding process in methanol solution due to the stabilization of intermediate conformers with side chain–backbone interactions. In water, where the solvent competes with the solute–solute polar interactions, the folding process to the 314‐helix is faster in the simulations.
Oligoethylene Chains Terminated by Ferrocenyl End Groups: Synthesis, Structural Properties, and Two‐Dimensional Self‐Assembly on Surfaces
Authors: Wedeking Katrin , Mu Zhongcheng , Kehr Gerald , Cano Sierra Jesus , Mück Lichtenfeld Christian , Grimme Stefan , Erker Gerhard , Fröhlich Roland , Chi Lifeng , Wang Wenchong , Zhong Dingyong , Fuchs Harald
Published: October 2005

A series of unsaturated long‐chain‐bridged diferrocenes Fc‐(CH2)n‐CHCH‐(CH2)n‐Fc (4 a–e) was synthesized by means of olefin metathesis. Subsequent catalytic hydrogenation furnished the saturated α,ω‐bis‐ferrrocenyl oligoethylene products Fc‐(CH2)m‐Fc (5). Members of both series formed highly ordered laminar structures at the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) solid/liquid interface or on the Ag(110) surface, which were characterized by STM. Details of the structural features of these ordered physisorbed surface assemblies of 4 and 5 were analyzed by comparison with DFT calculations on model systems and with the characteristic packing modes of these systems in the crystal.
Photophysics of a Series of Efficient Fluorescent pH Probes for Dual‐Emission‐Wavelength Measurements in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Charier Sandrine , Ruel Odile , Baudin Jean‐Bernard , Alcor Damien , Allemand Jean‐François , Meglio Adrien , Jullien Ludovic , Valeur Bernard
Published: October 2005

This paper evaluates the 5‐aryl‐2‐pyridyloxazole backbone to engineer donor–acceptor fluorescent pH probes after one‐ or two‐photon absorption. Parent fluorophores, as well as derivatives that can be used to label biomolecules, can be easily obtained in good yields. These molecules exhibit a large one‐photon absorption in the near‐UV range, and a strong fluorescence emission that covers the whole visible domain. The 5‐aryl‐2‐pyridyloxazole derivatives also possess significant cross sections for two‐photon absorption. Upon pyridine protonation, large shifts were observed in the absorption spectra after one‐ and two‐photon excitation, as well as in the emission spectra. This feature was used to measure the pKa of the investigated compounds that range between 2 and 8. In most of the investigated derivatives, the pKa increased upon light excitation and protonation exchanges took place during the lifetime of the excited state, as shown by phase‐modulation fluorometry analysis. Several 5‐aryl‐2‐pyridyloxazole derivatives are suggested as efficient probes to reliably measure the pH of aqueous solutions by means of ratiometric methods that are dependent on fluorescence emission.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Zirconium(IV) Nitrate Complexes (NO2) [Zr(NO3)3(H2O)3] 2(NO3)3 (I), Cs[Zr(NO3)5] (II), and (NH4)[Zr(NO3)5](HNO3) (III).
Authors: Morozov I. V. , Fedorova A. A. , Palamarchuk D. V. , Troyanov S. I.
Published: October 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Red Photoluminescence and Morphology of Eu3+ Doped Ca3La3(BO3)5 Phosphors.
Authors: Zhang Yue , Li Yadong , Yin Yansheng
Published: October 2005

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Electrical Transport in UNi0.5Sb2 Single Crystals.
Authors: Bukowski Z. , Gofryk K. , Plackowski T. , Kaczorowski D.
Published: October 2005

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Phase Equilibria and Crystal Structures of the Compounds in the Pr—Ni—Sb System at 870 K.
Authors: Chykhrij S. I. , Smetana V. B.
Published: October 2005

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Phase Equilibria in the Ag—Au—Bi Ternary System
Authors: Zoro E. , Dichi E. , Servant C. , Legendre B.
Published: October 2005

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Photoelectrochemical Study of Lanthanide Titanium Oxides, Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln: La, Sm, and Gd).
Authors: Uno Masayoshi , Kosuga Atsuko , Okui Mihoko , Horisaka Kentarou , Yamanaka Shinsuke
Published: October 2005

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Solvolytic Routes to New Nonabismuth Hydroxy‐ and Alkoxy‐oxo Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Solid‐State Structures of Novel Nonabismuth Polyoxo Cations Bi9(μ3‐O)8 (μ3‐OR)65+ (R: H, Et).
Authors: Thurston John H. , Swenson Dale C. , Messerle Louis
Published: October 2005

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Low‐Dimensional Structural Units in Amine‐Templated Uranyl Oxoselenates(VI): Synthesis and Crystal Structures of [C3H12N2] [(UO2)(SeO4)2(H2O)2] (H2O) (I), [C5H16N2]2 [(UO2)(SeO4)2(H2O)] (NO3)2 (II), [C4H12N] [(UO2)(SeO4)(NO3)] (III), and [C4H14N2] [(UO2)(SeO4)2(H2O)] (IV).
Authors: Krivocochev Sergey V. , Kahlenberg Volker
Published: October 2005

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An Electrolytic System that Uses Solid‐Supported Bases for in situ Generation of a Supporting Electrolyte from Acetic Acid Solvent.
Authors: Tajima Toshiki , Fuchigami Toshio
Published: October 2005

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Highly Enantioselective Preparation of Tertiary Alcohols and Amines by Copper‐Mediated Diastereoselective Allylic SN2′ Substitutions.
Authors: Leuser Helena , Perrone Sylvie , Liron Frederic , Kneisel Florian F. , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2005

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Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Imines by a Gold Catalyst.
Authors: Gonzalez‐Arellano Camino , Corma Avelino , Iglesias Marta , Sanchez Felix
Published: October 2005

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Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Cyclopropanols and Cyclobutanols.
Authors: Markham Jordan P. , Staben Steven T. , Toste F. Dean
Published: October 2005

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Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (Ruppert Reagent) Promoted by Triphenyldifluorostannates.
Authors: Borkin D. , Loska R. , Makosza M.
Published: October 2005

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The Catalytic Olefination Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones with CBr3CF3.
Authors: Nenajdenko Valentine G. , Varseev Georgy N. , Shastin Alexey V. , Balenkova Elisabeth S.
Published: October 2005

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Mild and Chemoselective Deacetylation Method Using a Catalytic Amount of Acetyl Chloride in Methanol.
Authors: Yeom Chang‐Eun , Lee So Young , Kim Young Jong , Kim B. Moon
Published: October 2005

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An Efficient Method for the Protection of Alcohols and Phenols by Using Hexamethyldisilazane in the Presence of Cupric Sulfate Pentahydrate under Neutral Reaction Conditions.
Authors: Akhlaghinia Batool , Tavakoli Sedigheh
Published: October 2005

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An Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Hydrazides.
Authors: Benstead David J. , Hulme Alison N. , McNab Hamish , Wight Paul
Published: October 2005

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Solvent‐Free Photooxygenation of 5‐Methoxyoxazoles: Stereoselective Synthesis of α‐Amino‐α‐hydroxycarboxylic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Bondock Samir , Latif Ehab Abdel , Lex Johann
Published: October 2005

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Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Substituted Potassium Cyclopropyl Trifluoroborates via an Unusual Zinc—Boron Exchange.
Authors: Charette Andre B. , Mathieu Simon , Fournier Jean‐Francois
Published: October 2005

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EtOH/Ba(OH)2 Triggers Self‐Condensation of (E)‐1,4‐Diaryl‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diones to Cyclopentanol Derivatives.
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Senthilkumar S. P.
Published: October 2005

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An Asymmetric Nitro‐Mannich Reaction Applicable to Alkyl, Aryl, and Heterocyclic Imines.
Authors: Anderson James C. , Howell Gareth P. , Lawrence Ron M. , Wilson Claire S.
Published: October 2005

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Vanadyl Triflate as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of α‐Aminonitriles.
Authors: De Surya Kanta
Published: October 2005

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Asymmetric Allylation of Aldimines with Indium and (+)‐Cinchonine.
Authors: Han Rongbi , Choi Seung Hyuk , Son Kee In , Jun Young Moo , Lee Byung Min , Kim Byeong Hyo
Published: October 2005

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Cadmium‐Mediated Carbonyl Benzylation in Tap Water.
Authors: Zhou Cunliu , Wang Zhiyong
Published: October 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Functionalized Ketones.
Authors: Wang You‐Qing , Lu Sheng‐Mei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: October 2005

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A Rapid and High Yield Synthesis of Aryloxyacetyl Hydrazides under Microwave Irradiation and with Phase Transfer Catalysis.
Authors: Wei Tai‐Bao , Liu Hong , Li Man‐Lin , Zhang You‐Ming
Published: October 2005

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Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides in Water Using Ligandless Palladium on Activated Carbon.
Authors: Lysen Morten , Koehler Klaus
Published: October 2005

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ZnMe2‐Mediated Addition of Acetylenes to Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Rudolph Jens , Bolm Carsten , Norrby Per‐Ola , Tomasini Claudia
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis of Seven‐Membered‐Ring Ketones by Arylative Ring Expansion of Alkyne‐Substituted Cyclobutanones.
Authors: Matsuda Takanori , Makino Masaomi , Murakami Masahiro
Published: October 2005

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Stepwise Delivery of Two Methoxy Groups of Arylaldehyde Acetals Across the Phenyl Ring. Vacant Site‐Controlled Palladium Catalysis.
Authors: Nakamura Itaru , Mizushima Yuya , Gridnev Ilya D. , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: October 2005

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Microwave‐Assisted Intramolecular [2 + 2] Allenic Cycloaddition Reaction for the Rapid Assembly of Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1,6‐dienes and Bicyclo[5.2.0]nona‐1,7‐dienes.
Authors: Brummond Kay M. , Chen Daitao
Published: October 2005

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Lactones. Part 17. Synthesis of Bicyclic Lactones with the Methyl‐ or gem‐Dimethylcyclopropane System.
Authors: Obara R. , Szumny A. , Zolnierczyk A. , Olejniczak T. , Bialonska A. , Ciunik Z. , Wawrzenczyk C.
Published: October 2005

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Acid‐Mediated Highly Regioselective Oxidation of Substituted Furans: A Simple and Direct Entry to Substituted Butenolides.
Authors: Cenal Juan P. , Carreras Carlos R. , Tonn Carlos E. , Padron Juan I. , Ramirez Miguel A. , Diaz David D. , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando , Martin Victor S.
Published: October 2005

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Synthesis and Prediction of Bioactivity of New Nitroimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Kowalski Piotr , Nowak Krystyna , Szpakiewicz Barbara
Published: October 2005

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A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Imidazolin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Bombek Sergeja , Pozgan Franc , Kocevar Marijan , Polanc Slovenko
Published: October 2005

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Fluorescent Anion Receptor with Two Methylene Bridged Bis‐imidazolium Ring on Anthracene.
Authors: In Sungjae , Kang Jongmin
Published: October 2005

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