bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adrenal and Ovarian Phenotype of a Tissue-Specific Urocortin 2–Overexpressing Mouse Model
Authors: Spyroglou Ariadni , Riester Anna , Mueller-Peltzer Katharina , Lu Ailing , Rohde Juliane , Hantel Constanze , Kuehne Claudia , Kulle Alexandra , Riepe Felix , Deussing Jan M. , Beuschlein Felix
Published: May 2015

Urocortin 2 (UCN2) is a neuropeptide of the CRH family, involved in homeostatic mechanisms, the stress response, and control of anxiety. To elucidate the effects of UCN2 on steroidogenesis, we developed a mouse model that allows a Cre recombinase–determined conditional overexpression of UCN2 (UCN2-COE). In these mice SF1-Cre-driven overexpression of UCN2 was restricted to the adrenal glands, gonads, and parts of the hypothalamus. UCN2-COE animals of both sexes revealed significantly higher plasma UCN2 levels and significantly higher UCN2 expression levels in the adrenals and ovaries. In contrast, the baseline expression of UCN2 was already high in the testes of control mice with no further increase achievable in UCN2-COE animals. Adrenal steroidogenesis of UCN2-COE animals was investigated under baseline conditions, upon an ACTH stimulation test, and following a restraint stress test. A tendency toward lower expression of steroidogenic enzymes was detectable in UCN2-COE animals of both sexes with slight differences between males and females. A similar reduction in the expression levels of the final steps of ovarian steroidogenesis, accompanied by reduced plasma estradiol levels, was observed in female UCN2-COE animals. Thus, adrenal UCN2 overexpression resulted in down-regulation of adrenal steroidogenesis, suggesting a reduction in the stress response in the mouse (stress coping behavior). Similarly, UCN2 overexpression in the ovaries caused a decrease in steroidogenesis and reduction of follicles that had undergone ovulation. Nevertheless, this finding was not associated with reduced fertility.
INTRODUCTION: A Motto for Moral Diplomacy
Authors: DiBattista Maria , Beyer Judith , Girke Felix , Malegam Jehangir Yezdi , Hall Edith , Rival Laura , Platt Kevin M. F.
Published: May 2015

“Only connect …,” the epigraph of Forster's Howards End, offers itself as a model of moral diplomacy. The efficacy of genuine human connection—whether it takes the form of creative action or of decent human relations—in containing and civilizing force is an idea that informs the novel's conception of what constitutes and ensures civilized life. Forster regarded propriety and convention as expressions of force and so applauded any assault on conventional feeling as an act of moral heroism. This essay introduces the third installment of the Common Knowledge symposium “Peace by Other Means”: it explores and indeed extols the moral efficacy of connection in containing force and resolving conflicts, but it also contemplates the obstacles to connection, which Forster dramatizes with his characteristic honesty.
Game—The Zu Zitter Game: A Course-Long Tool for Teaching Operations Management
Authors: Wright Christopher P.
Published: May 2015

The mix of quantitative and qualitative material covered in most introductory operations management (OM) courses proves particularly challenging for many business majors and MBA students as well as for their instructors. Additionally, students with less work experience may struggle to see how topics such as process design and layout, capacity planning, quality management and control, inventory management, process improvement, and lean principles are integrated in a “big picture” way when applied in practice. In this paper, I describe the Zu Zitter Game, which places student teams in charge of all aspects of a production process and encourages them to actively integrate new material as the course progresses. It culminates in a fun, hands-on experiential learning “game day” event that brings the concepts taught in the course together and illustrates how they must be managed cohesively. Students’ feedback has been very positive; in particular, they rate it very highly for improving their “big picture” understanding of OM topics.

Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
LAVES: An Extensible Visualization Tool to Facilitate the Process of Learning and Teaching Algorithms
Authors: Kress Dominik , Dornseifer Jan
Published: May 2015

The Logistics Algorithms Visualization and Education Software (LAVES) is an open source project at the University of Siegen, aiming at supporting business and business informatics students in understanding the basic concepts of algorithms that are applied to solve problems arising in operations research, especially in logistics, by means of visualization. It allows students to create problem instances click-by-click with direct graphical feedback, offers a set of algorithm-related controls, presents execution-table-views as used by the students when manually processing algorithms, depicts and highlights the related pseudocode (including [Formula: see text] formulas), and includes an exercise mode. LAVES is accompanied by a development kit (LAVESDK) that allows instructors (with Java knowledge) to implement course-specific algorithm visualizations (called plugins) to be used with LAVES. The development kit is generic and provides a broad range of tools. In this paper, we present the basic features of LAVES and LAVESDK and report on first classroom experiences and student feedback.
Relation Between the Craniocervical Cephalometric Analysis and Class I, II and III Skeletic Patterns in Young Subjects
Authors: Rosa Luciano Pereira , Moraes Luiz Cesar de
Published: May 2015

The skull posture on the spine is an important factor for the diagnosis of craniomandibulars functional disorders in children, as well as in adults. Alterations in biomechanics may be evidenced in common x-rays. The aim of this study was to relate findings of craniocervical analysis with skeletal pattern Class I, II, III in individuals from 7 to 12 years old. X-rays of 92 individuals were taken by NHP method and digitalized for computerized analysis of skeletic patterns and craniocervical analysis. Descriptive analysis was used to relate craniocervical analysis values with the type of skeletal pattern presented by individuals. For skeletal pattern Class I, II and III, nasopharyngeal soft tissue percentage and oropharyngeal soft tissue linear quantity were above normality value; nasopharyngeal cervical plot was normal and hyoid triangle was positive for the majority of the individuals. The angular relationship between skull and cervical spine show values lower than those considered normal for skeletal pattern class I and II. It was concluded that in the majority of the individuals with skeletal pattern Class I, II and III had high values of airway blockage, head posterior rotation, nasopharyngeal cervical plot with normal values and positive hyoid triangle.
Stem cells behaviour on titanium surface modificated by plasma
Authors: Sá Juliana Carvalho , Bezerra da Silva Naisandra , Rocha Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira , Alves Júnior Clodomiro
Published: May 2015

Nos últimos anos tem-se observado um grande crescimento em tecnologias para modificação de superfícies de implantes dentais visando reduzir o tempo de espera pela cicatrização, assim como possibilitar seu uso com sucesso em áreas de baixa densidade óssea. Dentre esses métodos de modificação, a nitretação por plasma tem apresentado ótimos resultados. No presente trabalho, estudou-se superfícies de titânio comercialmente puro (Grau II) modificadas através de dois tratamentos por plasma diferentes (nitretação planar e nitretação em cátodo oco), com o objetivo de obter uma otimização da superfície para aplicações biomédicas. Uma avaliação da composição química e um estudo da rugosidade e textura destas amostras foram realizados. Em seguida, depositou-se células-tronco sobre essas superfícies e uma comparação entre as novas propriedades obtidas e a proliferação celular foi feita. Os resultados mostraram que a nitretação por plasma produziu mudanças significativas na textura superficial das amostras de titânio. A rugosidade foi superior nas amostras nitretadas em cátodo oco. Encontrou-se diferença estatisticamente significante na proliferação celular das amostras nitretadas em cátodo oco quando comparadas com as amostras sem tratamento. Essas técnicas de modificação são, portanto, efetivas e possuem influência direta nas características da superfície e no comportamento de células-tronco.
An in vitro microleakage evaluation of class V cavities restored with silorane-based resin composite using different adhesive systems
Authors: Fonseca Beatriz Maria da , Dias Kátia Regina Hostilio Cervantes , Ferreira Juliane Otoni dos Reis , Silva Isabela Rocha da , Rabello Tiago Braga
Published: May 2015

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Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on the bond strength of the demineralized enamel
Authors: Di Iorio Jeronymo Raffaela , Gonçalves Lucelia Lemes , Gomes Torres Carlos Rocha , Gomes Ana Paula Martins , Huhtala Maria Filomena Rocha Lima , Borges Alessandra Bühler , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: May 2015

Different techniques are employed to control de caries progression, such as fluoride remineralization and resin infiltration (ICON®). However, the interference of these techniques on further adhesive procedures on the treated tissue is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) of the bovine enamel demineralized and treated with either fluoride or ICON®. Material and Methods: The tooth fragments were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group Sound samples (control); Group Demineralized samples (DS); Group Remineralized samples (NaF- 0.05% /8 weeks); Group ICON® samples. The samples were etched and next, a total etch bonding system was applied followed by resin composite. Then, they were submitted to microtensile test in a universal testing machine (10 Kg 1 mm/min). Results: Data were evaluated by ANOVA. There were statistically significant differences among groups (p = 0.28), with the following mean values (MPa): Group: Sound samples ((20,20 ± 2,97), Group: Demineralized Samples (21.99 ± 4.25), Group: Remineralized Samples (23.48 ± 4.03), Group: ICON® samples (22.10 ± 3,37). Conclusion: The treatments did not interfere in bond strength of the composite resin to enamel, providing values similar to those of the control group.
Delayed tooth replantation after treatment of necrotic periodontal ligament with citric acid
Authors: Cardoso Leandro de Carvalho , Panzarini Sônia Regina , Luvizuto Eloá Rodrigues , Poi Wilson Roberto , Truite Daniela Naves , Sonoda Celso Koogi , Andrade Paulo Barbosa
Published: May 2015

Objective: to evaluated the effect of treating root-adhered necrotic periodontal ligament (PDL) with citric acid on the healing process in delayed rat tooth replantation. Material and Methods: Forty Wistar rats, assigned to 4 groups (n=10), had their upper right incisor extracted and kept dry on a workbench. For Group I (control), the teeth were replanted after a 5-min extra-alveolar time. For the other groups, replantation was done after 60 min. In Group II, the root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide-based paste and the teeth were replanted with no root surface treatment. In Group III, the teeth were immersed in citric acid (pH 1) for 3 min, the canals were filled with calcium hydroxide and the teeth were replanted. In Group IV, instead of the immersion, the roots were scrubbed with gauze soaked in citric acid and the teeth were replanted. The animals were sacrificed 60 days postoperatively.Results: Regarding replacement resorption, there was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and the other three groups. No statistically significant difference (p>0.05) was found among the groups regarding the areas of inflammatory resorption. There was also a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the control group and Group IV regarding ankylosis. The control group showed the least replacement resorption percent means compared to the other groups (p<0.05). The root structure was more affected by replacement resorption and ankylosis in Group IV compared to the Groups II and III, but this difference was not significant statistically (p>0.05). Conclusion: the treatment of root surface-adhered necrotic periodontal ligament with citric acid was not able to prevent the occurrence of ankylosis, root resorption and inflammatory resorption in delayed rat tooth replantation.
Estrogen treatment and periodontal disease progression: an experimental study in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Spalding Marianne , Amschilnger Priscila Ferreira , Prado Marcela Almeida , Balducci Ivan , Carvalho Yasmin Rodarte
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to investigate different periods of estrogen replacement therapy onset on the progression of experimental periodontitis in ovariectomized rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty five female Wistar rats were ovariectomized and divided into two groups, experimental and control that received 17ß estradiol or vehicle, respectively. Each group was subdivided into five subgroups that started the treatment immediately, one, two, three and four weeks after the ovariectomy. A month after ovariectomy, a cotton ligature was placed around the maxillary second molars. Thirty five days after ligature placement, the animals were killed. It was analyzed the macroscopic, radiographic, microscopic and histometric aspects of the periodontal area. RESULTS: The results indicated that estrogen-deficient state may not have a direct effect on the alveolar bone adjacent to the maxillary second molar roots. CONCLUSIONS: Under the conditions of this experiment, estrogen replacement therapy did not delay the progression of induced periodontitis. KEYWORDS: Estradiol; osteoporosis, ovariectomy; periodontal diseases.
Water interaction with dental luting cements by means of sorption and solubility
Authors: Pincelli Chaves Larissa , Mezzaroba Ortenzi Graciano Fabiana , Bim Júnior Odair , Ribeiro do Vale Pedreira Ana Paula , Pigozzo Manso Adriana , Wang Linda
Published: May 2015

Water contributes to the setting reaction of self-adhesive luting cements, however, it can also accelerate their degradation. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare a self-adhesive resin luting cement to other resin-based and glass-ionomer luting materials with regards to water sorption (WS) and solubility (WSB). The tested null hypothesis was that there is no difference in respect to these properties among the materials. Material and methods: Eight specimens from each group (15 mm x 0.5 mm) were prepared from self-adhesive luting cements Biscem (BC) and RelyX Unicem (R), dual-cure cements Bifix (BF), Allcem (A) and Enforce (E), chemical-cure cements C&B (CB) and Cement Post (CP) and a glass-ionomer luting cement Meron C (M) as the control group. The dual-cure products were light-cured beneath an IPS Empress Esthetic ceramic disk (20 mm x 1.5 mm) and for the chemical reaction materials, a 15 min-interval was respected for removal from the mould. The WS and WSB were respectively calculated as (m2-m3/V) and (m1-m3/V). Mass values of m1, m2 and m3 were determined by cycles of desiccation, water-immersion and a new desiccation. For each property, the data was analyzed by one-criteria ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). Results: The glass-ionomer cement presented the highest WS, followed by the self-adhesive luting cements. Other resin cements were less susceptible to WS. No materials differed from each other when the WSB was considered, except for the M, which presented the lowest WSB. Conclusions: Self-adhesive luting cements were more prone to WS since water is essential to their setting reaction. However, their WSB was similar to the other resin-based cements.
Protection of tooth structure by chlorhexidine and natural polyphenols: a review
Authors: Pilly Vinay , Lacerda Brito Junior Carlos Henrique , Rocha Nogueira Filho Getulio , Prakki Anuradha
Published: May 2015

Caries is a multifactorial and transmittable disease that results mainly from bacteria present in the oral cavity. Oral microorganisms can produce metabolic acids that diffuse through dental tissues and interfaces leading to dissolution of mineral. In dentine, after mineral is dissolved, organic matrix is also exposed to breakdown by host enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are activated by low pH followed by neutralization. This review aims to discuss the activity of different antibacterial and antiproteolytic compounds such as chlorhexidine and natural polyphenols in the control of caries progression.Keywords: chlorhexidine, catechin, polyphenol, caries, dentine
Clinical Evaluation of Multiple-surface ART Restorations: Three-Year Follow-up
Authors: Cefaly Daniela Francisca Gigo , Barata Terezinha de Jesus Esteves , Bresciani Eduardo , Fagundes Ticiane Cestari , Navarro Maria Fidela de Lima
Published: May 2015

Objective: To evaluate the performance of multiple-surface restorations made with two different glass-ionomer cements (GICs) using the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) in permanent teeth. Material and methods: A total of 60 restorations were placed in schoolchildren (9-16 years of age) by two dentists using standard ART procedures. The restorations were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cavities were filled with high-viscosity GIC (Ketac Molar-3M ESPE) and 30 cavities were filled with resin-modified GIC (Fuji VIII-GC Corp.). Two calibrated independent examiners carried out the evaluation according to ART criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using multiple logistic regression models to evaluate the variables associated with the success (GIC, operator, Class type). The 95% confidence intervals (CI) for success were based on the binomial distribution. A difference was statistically significant if p<0.05. Results:In a 3-year follow-up, 57 restorations were evaluated. In the Ketac Molar group, 3 restorations were not evaluated, 21 were considered successful and 6 unsuccessful. In the Fuji VIII group, 28 restorations were considered successful and 2 unsuccessful. The logistic regression model showed that the combination of the variables was only statistically significant in relation to survival of the ART restorations (p=0.036). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups taking each variable into account. The best performance included the combination: Fuji VIII, operator B and Class I involving two or more tooth surfaces. Conclusion: The clinical performance of the multiple-surface ART restorations of both materials was considered satisfactory with a high success rate after 3 years.
Participation of micro-organisms of dental interest in the etiology of Burning Mouth Syndrome: literature review
Authors: Oliveira Felipe Eduardo , Almeida Janete Dias , Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi
Published: May 2015

The Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) is a pathologic entity characterized by the presence of chronic symptoms of burning or pain in normal oral mucosa. It mainly affects women in the postmenopausal period, and its cause is unknown, but as there is an association with biological and psychological factors, it may assume a multifactorial etiology. Considering the unclear etiology of BMS, studies that contribute to its understanding are of great importance. In order to achieve a better understanding regarding microbial etiological factors of this disease, the aim of this review is to compile studies on possible involvement of micro-organisms of dental interest in the etiology of BMS. Studies have reported that patients with BMS harbor greater amount of intra-oral Candida and Enterobacteriaceae than patients without clinical manifestations of this disease.Different sources such as articles, books and journals, published in the world literature, were used in this research. These sources were accessed by databases like PubMed, SciELO, Scopus or search of full text. Studies in the literature have suggested that Candida and Enterococcus were correlated with BMS, although they might not necessarily be considered as an etiological factor but a predisposing factor. However, further studies that aim to elucidate relation between BMS and infectious factors are necessary.KeywordsCandida; Enterobacteriaceae; Burning mouth syndrome.
Evaluation of dental staining using a dentifrice containing chlorhexidine and zinc acetate. A doble blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Rovai Emanuel silva , De Mello Tera Tabata , Carvalho de Marco Andréa , Neves Jardini Maria Aparecida , Pedrine Santamaria Mauro , David Kerbauy Warley
Published: May 2015

Chlorhexidine is an antiplaque and anti-gingivitis agent that has a well-known efficacy   in dentistry. It has been incorporated in toothpastes and when associate with mechanical cleaning, it can improve the biofilm control. The zinc acetate associated with antiseptics attempts to minimize the staining caused by these products and to enhance the effect of the chlorhexidine. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare a dentifrice containing chlorhexidine gluconate associated or not with zinc acetate, as the emergence of extrinsic tooth stain and check if there are still improvements of clinical gingival parameters. For this, 30 volunteers 18-50 years of age, of both sexes, among patients FOSJC / UNESP were enrolled. The volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: CHX+Z, consisting of 10 participants who used a dentifrice with 0.8% chlorhexidine gluconate and zinc acetate 1.16%; CHX group, with 10 participants who used a similar formulation dentifrice but zinc acetate, and the Placebo group also with 10 participants who used a dentifrice formulation similar but without the chlorhexidine and zinc acetate. Patients were assessed at day zero, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days when the indexes of plaque, gingival bleeding and staining were collected. The results showed that by day 60, there was a decrease of both plaque index(PI) and the gingival index(GI) for all groups. Additionally, it was observed that both groups using dentifrice containing chlorhexidine, showed more stain than placebo. The CHX+Z group showed less stain compared to the CHX group, but the difference was not statistically significant. The difference between Placebo and Chlorhexidine Groups was statistically significant (p<0,05) when considered the stain intensity and area plus intensity scores. The CHX+Z group was as efficient in PI and GI reduction as the CHX group.KEYWORDS: Chlorhexidine; Zinc acetate; Staining index; Plaque index; Gingival index.
Incomplete vertical root fracture associated with lateral compaction technique: a microscopic analysis
Authors: Chávez-Andrade Gisselle Moraima
Published: May 2015

Objective:This study evaluated the effects of root canal obturation employing lateral compaction technique and spreader load of 1.5 kg on the incidence of complete (CVRF) or incomplete vertical root fractures (IVRF). Material and Methods:  Twenty-seven distal roots of extracted human mandibular molars were used. All root canals were prepared by biomechanical step-back technique and obturated by lateral compaction technique. The prepared roots were distributed into two groups: G1- experimental (n=17) and G2- control (n=10). During obturation, load of 1.5 kg was applied to a size 30 finger spreader. Pre- and post-obturation images of the coronal portion of the roots were captured by inverted digital microscopy and analyzed by one trained examiner. Data were evaluated by Fisher’s test (p < 0.05) using GrapH Pad Prism 5.0. Results: No roots exhibited CVRF. All fractures observed before and after obturation were IVRF or “other defects”. In G2 (control group), there was no increase of IVRF number. Interestingly, G1 presented an increase in the IVRF number to 70,59% in the 12 teeth out of 17 teeth studied. The statistical analysis showed that the mean of IVRF increased significantly in G1 when compared to G2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The application of a 1.5 kg spreader load during lateral compaction technique does not produce complete vertical root fractures, but may produce incomplete fractures or “other defects”.
Analysis of the volume of autogenous cancellous bone grafts with or without the use of ePTFE membranes in ovariectomized rats.
Authors: Neves Jardini Maria Aparecida , Carvalho De Marco Andrea , Braulino de Melo Filho Antônio , David Kerbauy Warley , Nascimento Rodrigo Dias , Pedrine Santamaria Mauro
Published: May 2015

Objective: To verify the influence of the osteopeny induced by the bone repairing of the receptor site/autogenous bone graft block interface either associated with or without PTFE-e membrane through the analysis of the trabecular bone volume. Material & Methods: 48 Wistar rats weighing approximately 300 g were submitted to parietal bone graft which was fixed to the lateral wall of the left mandibular ramus. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: Group 1: simulated ovariotomy (SHAM) and autogenous bone graft; Group 2: SHAM and autogenous bone graft through PTFE-e membrane recovering; Group 3: ovariotomy (OVZ) and autogenous bone graft; Group 4: OVZ and autogenous bone graft and PTFE-e membrane recovering. The animals of each group were killed at the following periods: 21, 45 and 60 days, comprising 4 animals per group. The pieces were decalcified and included; the cuts were stained with HE and submitted  to histological and histomorphometric analysis through light microscopy. Results: ANOVA test showed that the variables accounting for both the condition (OVZ and SHAM) and the period (21,45 and 60 days) were statistically significant; the Tukey test (5%) showed that the period of 21 days was statistically different from 45 and 60 days; however, they were not statistically different between each other. The descriptive histological analysis showed grafting integration in all animals. Conclusion: the process of graft integration with the receptor site was negatively affected by the induced osteopeny presence and presence or absence of PTFE-e membrane did not interfered in the integration process.
Gutta-percha points surface alterations after sodium hypochlorite disinfection
Authors: Brito Selma Maria Santos Moura , Vasconcelos Rafaela Andrade de , Oliveira Simone Helena Gonçalves de
Published: May 2015

The gutta-percha should be disinfected before the shutter from being a vehicle for microorganisms to periapical tissues. Whereas cones may remain for longer than necessary for the disinfection immersed in disinfectant solutions, evaluated the effect of 1% and 2,5% NaOCl, on the surface morphology of gutta-percha as a function of immersion time. Analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscope) the surface morphology of 110 gutta-percha main divided into three groups: G1 (control): no disinfection, disinfection in 1% NaOCl for 20 min, 2,5% NaOCl for 10 min; G2 disinfection in 1% NaOCl for 30 min, 6h,12h and 24 h; G3 disinfection in 2,5%NaOCl for 30 min, 6h,12h and 24h. The images were obtained by SEM, the apex of the cones were photographed at 500x and 5000x increased and qualitatively analyzed for the presence of surface changes. The results showed a gradual change in surface morphology of the growing cones with increasing concentration of NaOCl and immersion time. The controls group (G1) showed minimal change in surface cones. It is conclude that by increasing the concentration of NaOCl solution and immersion time of gutta-percha increasing changes occur on the outer surface of the cone.Keywords: Disinfection, Endodontics, Gutta-percha, Sodium hypochlorite
Surface roughness evaluation of in vitro refinished dental ceramics followed by bleaching treatment
Authors: Ourique Sérgio Augusto Morey , Zeidan Leonardo Colombo , Cassoni Alessandra , Arrais Cesar Augusto Galvão , Rodrigues José Augusto
Published: May 2015

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of refinishing process on dental ceramics roughness and the effect of bleaching treatment with 16% carbamide peroxide. Materials and methods: Specimens of 5x3x1mm were produced in two groups (n=14 per group) of dental ceramics following manufacturers' instructions: IPS d.Sign (Ivoclar-Vivadent); and VMK-95 (Vita). A profilometer was used to evaluate the surface roughness (Ra values) of all ceramics acquiring 3 profiles with five 0.25 mm cut-off (?c) at 0.1 mm/s, in four times. The first time was baseline as a negative control, followed by bur roughening (91-126 µm-grit) to simulate an oclusal adjustment in the second time (positive control). After that, the specimens were submitted to refinishing treatments with diamond burs with fine (2135F – 37-44 µm-grit) and extra fine (2135FF – 20-40 µm-grit) diamond burs (third time); and polishing with abrasive cups and paste (fourth time). After refinishing, the two ceramics were divided into a bleached (BL) and non-bleached (NB), with 4 subgroups (n=7 per group). Bleaching was performed daily for 6-hours with 16% carbamide peroxide for 21 days, while NB groups were stored in artificial saliva. The effect of refinishing treatment on ceramics were evaluated by to 2-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test; bleaching effect on refinished ceramics were evaluated by T test. Results: There were no statistical significant differences on surface roughness between ceramics on each refinishing treatments times. The adjustment of dental ceramics with diamond burs drastically increases the surface roughness. The solely treatment with fine and extra fine diamond bur reduced but did not reverse the ceramic surface roughness. The sequential refinishing with abrasive cups and paste reverted the surface roughness to values similar to baseline. Bleaching treatment did not affect the surface roughness of refinished ceramics. Conclusion: Acceptable surface roughness was obtained after refinishing with polishing abrasive cups and paste. The 16% carbamide peroxide treatment was not able to alter the refinished ceramic surface roughness.
Manifestation of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation in Twins: Clinical Case Reports
Authors: Fragelli Camila Maria Bullio , Jeremias Fabiano , Santos-Pinto Lourdes
Published: May 2015

Molar-incisor hypomineralisation is a qualitative defect of dental tissue of systemic origin affecting one or more permanent first molars and sometimes the permanent incisors as well. There are still no conclusive data on the aetiology of this hypomineralisation, however, systemic factors such as respiratory diseases and prenatal and perinatal complications are regarded as possible causes. The objective is to present three clinical cases of twins, one Monozygotic Twins , and two Dizygotic Twins with molar-incisor hypomineralisation, besides showing evidence of its manifestation as well as clinical the characteristics and aetiological factors involved. The clinical findings involving twins show that ameloblasts are specifically affected in their developmental phase, which includes a number of factors although prenatal and perinatal complications not decisive in the development of molar-incisor hypomineralization and suggest a possible genetic susceptibility to the disease. Prospective observational studies using a population sample containing data on the last three months of gestation to the eruption of permanent teeth are needed to confirm the cause-effect relationships.
Analysis of flexural strength of a self cured acrylic resin used for fabricating provisional restorations with three different types of reinforcements
Authors: Olivieri Karina Andrea Novaes , Costa Ubirajara Viana , Miranda Milton Edson , Teixeira Marcelo Lucchesi , Fonseca Johnson Campideli
Published: May 2015

Objective: To evaluate the effect of three different types of reinforcements on the flexural strength of a chemically activated acrylic resin.Materials and Methods: A Universal test machine EMIC 2000 was used at a speed of 5mm/min., to evaluate the flexural strength of 40 test specimens (65mm X 10mm X 3mm) fabricated of chemically activated acrylic resin, distributed into the following four groups: (1) control – without reinforcement; (2) reinforced with 0.7mm stainless steel orthodontic wire; (3) reinforced with Fibrex-lab® glass fiber and; (4) reinforced with Perma-Fiber®glass fiber.Results: The following flexural strength values were obtained: Group 1 – 80.60 MPa; Group 2 – 95.96 MPa; Group 3 – 105.70 MPa; and Group 4 – 108.70 MPa. The analysis of variance (p < 0.05) showed significant difference among the groups and the Tukey test showed that the control group presented the worst behavior, followed by reinforcement with metal wire, which showed  statistically similar results to those of Group 3, with no difference shown between the fiber groups.Conclusion: Reinforcement with glass fibers present better flexural strength in comparison  with the other methods.
Cuspal deflection of directly or indirectly restored teeth
Authors: Rocha Daniel Maranha da , Silva João Maurício Ferraz da , May Liliana Gressler , Araújo Maria Amélia Máximo , Di Nicoló Rebeca , Rocha João Carlos
Published: May 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluatethe cuspal deflection of teeth restored directlyand indirectly. Material and Methods: Fortysound maxillary premolar teeth were restoredwith composite and different base materials. Widemesial-occlusal-distal cavity preparations wereperformed, with isthmus width of one third of thedistance between the cuspal tips, 3 mm occlusaland a 5 mm interproximal preparation height. Theteeth were divided into 4 groups (n = 10), accordingto the restoration type: G1) GIC-DCR (1 mm glassionomer cement base and direct restoration usingnanoparticulate composite); G2) FL-DCR (1 mm baseof flowable composite resin and direct restorationusing nanoparticulate composite); G3) GIC-ICR(1 mm glass ionomer cement base and indirectrestoration using nanoparticulate composite GICbase); G4) FL-ICR (1 mm base of flowable compositeresin and indirect restoration using nanoparticulatecomposite). The specimens were submitted tocompressive load of 50 N on the buccal and lingualcusps, in a universal testing machine. The lingualcusp microstrain (??) measurements were executedby strain gauges. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis (5%)test was used and showed there were no significantdifferences among the microstrain values for the fourstudy groups (G1 = 1250; G2 = 1075; G3 = 1279;G4 = 937). Conclusion: It could be concluded thatthe restorative techniques and the bases employeddid not show any influences in cuspal deflection.KeywordsBase materials; Cuspal defection; Composite resin; Direct restoration; Indirect restoration.
Diagnosis of a horizontal root fracture during retreatment of a maxillary canine utilizing an electronic apex locator and monitoring with CBCT: a case report
Authors: Monteiro Maria Rachel , Ferraz Caio Cesar Randi , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , Almeida José Flávio Affonso
Published: May 2015

Introduction: The aim of this case report is todemonstrate the retreatment of a maxillary caninediagnosed with a horizontal root fracture utilizingan electronic apex locator and monitored with conebeam computed tomography. Case Report: A 35year old African American male was referred for rootcanal retreatment of a maxillary right canine prior toprosthetic rehabilitation. Following removal of guttapercha, an apex locator was utilized to determine thelength of the root canal. After a more comprehensivedental history, the patient confirmed a previouslyunreported history of dental trauma at this time,leading to the suspicion of a horizontal root fracture.Clinical microscopy detected a connective tissue in theapical third of the root canal and multiple periapicaland occlusal radiographs enhanced visualizationof a horizontal root fracture. The coronal segmentwas filled with an MTA apical plug and the apicalsegment remained stable. A recall after 1.5 yearswas performed with CBCT, which showed no apicalradiolucency. Discussion: The present case reportreinforces the precept that detailed dental history andcareful observation of radiographs are critical factorsfor obtaining an accurate diagnosis. Fundamentaladjuncts, such as microscopy, apex locators andCBCT imaging, can potentially aid in the diagnosisand the subsequent treatment plan of horizontal rootfracture.KeywordsCone-beam computed tomography; Apex locator Cuspid; Radiography; horizontal root fracture.
In vitro evaluation of marginal leakage at enamel and dentin treated by different laser densities
Authors: Aveiro Rafael Zacatei , Yui Karen Cristina Kazue , Da Silva Tânia Mara , Gonçalves Lucélia Lemes , Esteves Stella Renata Machado Silva , Gonçalves Sérgio Eduardo de Paiva
Published: May 2015

Objectives: To evaluate “in vitro” the degree of marginal leakage in class V cavities irradiated with Nd:YAG laser onto enamel and dentin pretreated with bonding system (Single Bond, 3M ESPE) without light-curing. Material & Methods: Class V cavities were performed and standardized in 60 bovine incisors. After the acid etching, the teeth were divided into three groups: G1 – Application of bonding system, irradiation with Nd:YAG laser at 140 mJ/pulse without light-curing. G2 – Application of bonding system, irradiation with Nd:YAG laser at 200 mJ/pulse without light-curing. Group C - Application of bonding system and light-curing. Next, resin composite restorations were executed and thermocycled at alternated baths from 2 to 50 ºC (± 2 ºC), totalizing 500 cycles. To assess the microleakage, the teeth were submersed into 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h, cut at 1 mm of thickness and analyzed through stereoscopy. The following leakage criterion scores were employed: 0 – none leakage; 1 – gingival or incisal wall; 2 – axial wall towards the pulp. Results : It was observed a high leakage frequency with score 1 among the experimental conditions. There was a higher predominance of score 2 leakage for control group at cementum. Concerning to enamel and cementum, Group C was similar to G1. By comparing control group with G2, and G1 with G2, it was verified statistically significant differences. Conclusion: The laser energy provided a reduction of the marginal leakage at enamel and dentin/ cementum; however, the energy density increase resulted in smaller marginal leakage at enamel and dentin/cementum.KeywordsNd-YAG Laser; Energy; Marginal leakage; Enamel; Dentin.
The influence of single-dose dexamethasone on masseter and temporal muscles after impacted lower third molar extraction. Pilot study through electromyography evaluation
Authors: Mathias Ingrid Fernandes , Campos Myrian Alavarce , Amorim José Benedito Oliveira , De Moraes Michelle Bianchi , Nascimento Rodrigo Dias , Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Raldi Fernando Vagner
Published: May 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the influence ofdexamethasone (Decadron®) administered aspreoperative single dose (8 mg) on the electricalactivity of the masticatory muscles, superficialmasseter and anterior temporal, through electromyographic analysis after lower third molarextraction. Twenty patients who required surgicaltreatment for extraction of these teeth were selected,treated and evaluated. Patients were randomlyassigned to one of the following groups: experimentalgroup that received a single dose of dexamethasone8 mg 1 h before the procedure, or control groupthat underwent extraction without the use ofmedication. Ag/AgCl electrodes were used to recordthe electrical muscle activity before the procedure,after anesthesia, after root section, immediatepostoperative and 7, 15 and 30 days postoperatively.EMG data collected were analyzed by analysis ofvariance and Tukey’s test with a significance level of5% for intra and intergroup comparisons. The resultsshowed no statistically significant differences in thecomparisons within and between groups (p > 0.05).Based on these findings, it can be concluded that thethird molar extraction and the use of dexamethasoneas a preoperative single dose may not interfere in themuscle electrical activity.KeywordsAnti-inflammatory drug; Tooth Avulsion; Dental extraction; Electromyography; Masticatory muscles.
Evaluation of tooth bleaching effectiveness through an experimental biological model at Gallus spp. eggshell
Authors: Silva Larissa Padilha CS , Silveira Vanessa Ávila Sarmento , Yui Karen Cristina Kazue , Marin Miguel Christian Castillo , Spalding Marianne
Published: May 2015

Tooth darkening compromised oral aesthetics andbleaching is a conservative and efficient method toreestablish it. The aim of this study was to assessthe action of 35% hydrogen peroxide in specimenspigmented with different substances. Twenty fragmentsobtained from chicken eggshell measuring 0.5 x 0.5 cmwere randomly divided into 5 groups (G1, G2, G3, G4and G5) with 4 specimens each. These were previouslyphotographed and pigmented respectively with coffee,cola-based soft drink, wine, beetroot and tobacco fora 48-hour period. In groups 1, 2 and 3, the specimenswere directly immersed respectively into the first threesubstances. In group 4, beetroot was mixed with waterto obtain a solution. In group 5, the specimens weresubmitted to tobacco smoke by the same period. Thegroups were again photographed and then submittedto bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide andphoto-activated by laser for 20 min. After the finalphotographs, the images were analyzed thorugh AdobePhotoshop CS5 software. It was observed that wine mostpigmented the specimens (33.34%), followed by coffee(10.35%), beetroot (9.56%), cola-based soft drink(8.85%) and tobacco (0.61%). The bleaching action wasmore effective on the specimens of G1 (93.9%) and G2(91.55%), followed by G3 (71.09%), G4 (62.74%) andG5 (57.38%). It was concluded that the methodologywas efficient in comparing the effectiveness of thebleaching agent on the pigments tested. The specimenspigmented with tobacco were those which exhibitedthe greater resistance to bleaching. Taking intoconsideration the use of this biological material, furtherstudies are necessary to simulate the effects of manyother substances onto tooth enamel.KeywordsBleaching; Discoloration; Hydrogen peroxide; Egg shell.
Large desmoplastic fibroma: case report using microvascularized fibula graft for reconstruction
Authors: Patussi Cleverson , Sassi Laurindo Moacir , Bixofis Regiane Benez , Pedruzzi Paola Andrea Galbiatti , Da Silva Alfredo Benjamim Duarte , Schussel Juliana Lucena
Published: May 2015

The Desmoplastic Fibroma is a benign rare tumor of fibroblastic origin, representing only 0.03% of benign bone tumors. Displays aggressive behavior and high rates of recurrence, which makes the treatment more aggressive. We report a case of a 11 years-old female, complaining of increased volume in the jaw. The patient had an extensive swelling of the left mandibular body with invasion of the border of the tongue and floor of the mouth at the same side. She had a history of 4 recurrences at the same place. Images exams revealed expansive lesion in body and ramus of the jaw with involvement of soft tissue on the lingual side of the lesion. The treatment was excision of the lesion with extra oral access and reconstruction with microvascularized fibula graft. The patient lies in clinically and radiographic followed for 2 years without recurrence.
Unilateral Gingival Fibromatosis: a case report
Authors: Patussi Cleverson , Ramos Caroline Beatrice , Sassi Laurindo Moacir , Pedruzzi Paola Andréia G. , Ramos Gyl Henrique Albrecht
Published: May 2015

The gingival fibromatosis is a slow and progressive  benign proliferation, which affects the gingival tissues.  It may present a genetic inheritance and association  with some syndromes. There are conservative and  radical treatments, ranging from hygiene care to bloc  resection of the affected bone. This case scenario is a  07 year-old child, who presented a nodular unilateral  hyperplastic lesion in the right mandible, with sessile  base and approximately 5 cm in its largest diameter.  The patient presented difficulty of lip closure and slight  swelling in the right area of the face. The tomographic  image showed infiltration in buccal and lingual  cortical of right mandible and tooth displacement.  After lesion removal, the histopathologic diagnosis of  fibromatosis was confirmed, with no relapse after 20  months of follow-up.
Comparison of the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography, photostimulable phosphor imaging plate, charge coupled device, and conventional intraoral radiography in the diagnosis of internal root resorption: an in vitro study
Authors: Shokri Abbas , Poorolajal Jalal , Faramarzi Farhad
Published: May 2015

Objective: Various radiographic methods are used to identify the internal root resorption. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), photostimulable phosphor (PSP) imaging plate, charge coupled device (CCD), and conventional intraoral radiography (CIR), for internal root resorption.Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Hamadan in 2012. Fifty seven carries-free anterior teeth were divided into three intervention groups of 15 teeth and one control group of 12 teeth. Teeth were split into two parts using a disk. Cavities of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 mm in depth were created in root canal of teeth to simulate internal root resorption artificially. Finally, the teeth fragments were fused. All teeth were examined with four different procedures and the results were compared with known simulated internal root resorption as the gold standard to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the procedures.Results: The sensitivity of CBCT, PSP, CCD, and CIR for diagnosis internal root resorption of 0.5 mm in depth was 93%, 73%, 60%, and 53% respectively. The sensitivity of all four procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption with 1 and 1.5 mm in depth was the same and equal to 100%. Specificity of the four radiology procedures for diagnosis of internal root resorption of any depth was 100%, 100%, 83% and 75% respectively.Conclusion: CBCT provides the most accurate information on the depth and location of root resorption followed by the PSP and CCD respectively. Accordingly, conventional intraoral radiography was the least accurate procedure.
Microtensile bond strength to Er:YAG laser pretreated dentin
Authors: Da Graça Lopes Roberta Marques , Steiner-Oliveira Carolina , Aranha Ana Cecília Côrrea , Castellan Carina Strano , Bello-Silva Marina Stella , Dias Vieira Júnior Nilson , De Paula Eduardo Carlos
Published: May 2015

Objective: Although the effects of Er:YAG  (erbium:yttrium aluminium garnet) laser on cavity  preparation as well as on dentin bonding to composite  have been described in the literature, the longevity of  this bond is still unknown. So, this study evaluated the  short-term microtensile bond strength to dentin samples  after different protocols of surface treatment. Materials  and Methods: 60 bovine incisors were cleaned, worn  to expose a dentin area and subdivided into groups  according to treatment conditions: surface treatment  (no irradiation – control group; dentin irradiation with  Er:YAG laser 250 mJ/4 Hz; 160 mJ/10 Hz), adhesive  system (Clearfil SE Bond - Kuraray; Adper Single Bond  2 - 3M/ESPE), and storage time (24 h; 90 days). After  adhesive procedures, a block of Z250 composite resin  (3M/ESPE) was built-up on each tooth. The teeth were  sectioned to obtain samples for the microtensile bond  strength test. Half of the samples were tested 24 h  after cutting, and the other half were stored in distilled  water for 90 days before testing. Intergroup analysis  was also performed considering the same variables  using ANOVA for multiple comparisons with Tukey test  with a significance level of 5%. Data showed weaker  bond strength for groups previously treated with laser  (p < 0.05) compared with control groups, and these  were not influenced by adhesive system used, nor by  storage period. Stereoscopic microscope observations  showed that fractures occurred predominantly at the  adhesive interface in the groups irradiated with the  Er:YAG laser. Conclusion: Within the parameters and  variables used in this study, the Er:YAG laser could  not provide an additional improvement in dentin-resin  bond strength, irrespective of the type of adhesive  system used or the storage period evaluated. KEYWORDSAdhesive systems; Er:YAG laser; Microtensile bond strength.