bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative tolerability of treatments for acute migraine: A network meta-analysis
Authors: Thorlund Kristian , Toor Kabirraaj , Wu Ping , Chan Keith , Druyts Eric , Ramos Elodie , Bhambri Rahul , Donnet Anne , Stark Richard , Goadsby Peter J
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Migraine headache is a neurological disorder whose attacks are associated with nausea, vomiting, photophobia and phonophobia. Treatments for migraine aim to either prevent attacks before they have started or relieve attacks (abort) after onset of symptoms and range from complementary therapies to pharmacological interventions. A number of treatment-related adverse events such as somnolence, fatigue, and chest discomfort have previously been reported in association with triptans. The comparative tolerability of available agents for the abortive treatment of migraine attacks has not yet been systematically reviewed and quantified.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature review and Bayesian network meta-analysis for comparative tolerability of treatments for migraine. The literature search targeted all randomized controlled trials evaluating oral abortive treatments for acute migraine over a range of available doses in adults. The primary outcomes of interest were any adverse event, treatment-related adverse events, and serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes were fatigue, dizziness, chest discomfort, somnolence, nausea, and vomiting.

Results

Our search yielded 141 trials covering 15 distinct treatments. Of the triptans, sumatriptan, eletriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan, and the combination treatment of sumatriptan and naproxen were associated with a statistically significant increase in odds of any adverse event or a treatment-related adverse event occurring compared with placebo. Of the non-triptans, only acetaminophen was associated with a statistically significant increase in odds of an adverse event occurring when compared with placebo. Overall, triptans were not associated with increased odds of serious adverse events occurring and the same was the case for non-triptans. For the secondary outcomes, with the exception of vomiting, all triptans except for almotriptan and frovatriptan were significantly associated with increased risk for all outcomes. Almotriptan was significantly associated with an increased risk of vomiting, whereas all other triptans yielded non-significant lower odds compared with placebo. Generally, the non-triptans were not associated with decreased tolerability for the secondary outcomes.

Discussion

In summary, triptans were associated with higher odds of any adverse event or a treatment-related adverse event occurring when compared to placebo and non-triptans. Non-significant results for non-triptans indicate that these treatments are comparable with one another and placebo regarding tolerability outcomes.
Reduced insula habituation associated with amplification of trigeminal brainstem input in migraine
Authors: Lee Jeungchan , Lin Richard L , Garcia Ronald G , Kim Jieun , Kim Hyungjun , Loggia Marco L , Mawla Ishtiaq , Wasan Ajay D , Edwards Robert R , Rosen Bruce R , Hadjikhani Nouchine , Napadow Vitaly
Published: August 2016

Background

Impaired sensory processing in migraine can reflect diminished habituation, increased activation, or even increased gain or amplification of activity from the primary synapse in the brainstem to higher cortical/subcortical brain regions.

Methods

We scanned 16 episodic migraine (interictal) and 16 healthy controls (cross-sectional study), and evaluated brain response to innocuous air-puff stimulation over the right forehead in the ophthalmic nerve (V1) trigeminal territory. We further evaluated habituation, and cortical/subcortical amplification relative to spinal trigeminal nucleus (Sp5) activation.

Results

Migraine subjects showed greater amplification from Sp5 to the posterior insula and hypothalamus. In addition, while controls showed habituation to repetitive sensory stimulation in all activated cortical regions (e.g. the bilateral posterior insula and secondary somatosensory cortices), for migraine subjects, habituation was not found in the posterior insula. Moreover, in migraine, the habituation slope was correlated with the amplification ratio in the posterior insula and secondary somatosensory cortex, i.e. greater amplification was associated with reduced habituation in these regions.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that in episodic migraine, amplified information processing from spinal trigeminal relay nuclei is linked to an impaired habituation response. This phenomenon was localized in the posterior insula, highlighting the important role of this structure in mechanisms supporting altered sensory processing in episodic migraine.
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome precipitated by airplane descent: Case report
Authors: Hiraga Akiyuki , Aotsuka Yuya , Koide Kyosuke , Kuwabara Satoshi
Published: August 2016

Background

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is characterized by segmental vasospasm. Vasoactive agents and childbirth have been reported as precipitating factors for RCVS; however, RCVS induced by altitude change or air travel has rarely been reported.

Case

We present a case of a 74-year-old woman who presented with thunderclap headache during airplane descent. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated segmental vasoconstriction that improved 9 days after onset.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that airplane descent may be a trigger of RCVS. The time course of headache in the present case was similar to that of prolonged headache attributed to airplane travel, indicating that RCVS during air travel may have previously been overlooked and that some headache attributed to airplane travel cases may represent a milder form of RCVS.
Modelling, monitoring and evaluation to support automatic engineering process management
Authors: Shi Lei , Newnes Linda , Culley Steve , Allen Bruce
Published: August 2016

Process management is considered to be an essential approach to improve the performance of an enterprise. The process of an engineering project is considered to be a formalised workflow accompanied by a set of decisions. With decisions being made by taking account of information from various sources, the operation and management of modern engineering projects has to deal with increasing amounts of dynamic and changing project information. Understanding and interpreting this information for use in process management can generate challenges in practice. This might be caused by constraints of time and resource, the distributed structure of the information and a lack of modelled domain knowledge. To address these challenges, the research described in this paper focuses on techniques that support automation of the process management of engineering projects, from a data-driven perspective. The research includes elements of process modelling, monitoring and evaluation of such projects, through a proposed automatic process analysis system. The proposed system works with live and historical data. Within this paper, the design and implementation of the system is described. The use of techniques such as autonomic computing, data mining and KM technologies are shown, and the system functionality is demonstrated through the use of a dataset from an aerospace organisation.
Assessment of bone mineral density and bone metabolism in young male adults recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus in China
Authors: Guo Qinyue , Fan Ping , Luo Jing , Wu Shufang , Sun Hongzhi , He Lan , Zhou Bo
Published: August 2016

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. However, the exact mechanism underlying SLE-related osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients newly diagnosed with SLE remains unknown.

Methods

60 male subjects with SLE aged 20–30 years were enrolled. Serum osteocalcin was examined as a marker of bone formation and type I collagen degradation products (β-crosslaps) as markers of bone resorption. Lumbar spine (L1-L4) and total hip bone mineral density (BMD) were determined by dual energy X-ray absorption (DXA).

Results

Among the 60 subjects with SLE at the time of diagnosis, the cohort showed a significant reduction of osteocalcin (12.62 ± 2.16 ng/mL), and serum β-crosslaps level (992.6 ± 162.6 pg/mL) was markedly elevated. Univariate correlation analyses revealed negative correlations between osteocalcin and SLEDAI, dsDNA antibody and β-crosslaps. A positive correlation was also observed between osteocalcin and C3, C4, 25-OH vitamin D, BMD L1–L4 and BMD total hip (see Table 3). Osteocalcin and β-crosslaps were strongly associated with SLE disease activity by multiple stepwise logistic regression analysis.

Conclusion

Osteocalcin was negatively associated with SLE disease activity, and β-crosslaps was positively associated with SLE disease activity, suggesting SLE disease activity itself directly contributed to the development of SLE-associated osteopenia and osteoporosis.
Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mass in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cramarossa G , Urowitz M B , Su J , Gladman D , Touma Z
Published: August 2016

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are often treated with glucocorticoids, which place them at risk of bone loss.

Objectives

The objectives of this article are to determine: (1) the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and factors associated with low BMD and (2) the prevalence of symptomatic fragility fractures in inception patients of the Toronto Lupus Cohort (TLC).

Methods

Prospectively collected data from the TLC (1996–2015) of inception patients’ first BMD were analyzed. For pre-menopausal women/males <50 years, BMD ‘below expected range for age’ was defined by Z-score ≤ −2.0 SD. For post-menopausal women/males age 50 or older, osteoporosis was defined by T-score ≤ −2.5 SD and low bone mass by T-score between −1.0 and −2.5 SD. Patients’ BMDs were defined as abnormal if Z-score ≤ −2.0 or T-score < −1.0 SD, and the remainder as normal. Descriptive analysis and logistic regression were employed.

Results

Of 1807 patients, 286 are inception patients with BMD results (mean age 37.9 ± 13.7 years); 88.8% are female. The overall prevalence of abnormal BMD is 31.5%. In pre-menopausal women ( n = 173), the prevalence of BMD below expected range is 17.3%. In post-menopausal women ( n = 81), the prevalence of osteoporosis and low BMD are 12.3% and 43.2%, respectively. Age and cumulative dose of glucocorticoids are statistically significantly associated with abnormal BMD in multivariate analysis. Of 769 inception patients from TLC, 11.1% experienced symptomatic fragility fractures (peripheral and vertebral) over the course of their disease.

Conclusion

The prevalence of low BMD is high in SLE patients, and is associated with older age and higher cumulative glucocorticoid dose.
Systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancies: ten-year data from a single centre in Malaysia
Authors: Teh C L , Wan S A , Cheong Y K , Ling G R
Published: August 2016

We performed a retrospective study of all systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pregnancies during a 10-year period (2006–2015) to describe the clinical features, maternal and foetal outcomes in our centre. There were 115 pregnancies in 86 women with SLE. Our patients had a mean age of 29.1 years (SD 5.80) and a mean disease duration of 44.63 months (SD 41.17). Fifteen patients had antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Our patients had complicated pregnancies: 26.1% had SLE flares, 13.9% had pre-eclampsia and 45.1% needed caesarean sections. There were 23.3% foetal losses and 25% preterm deliveries in our patients. There was a higher rate of unplanned pregnancies and lupus flare among pregnancies with active SLE at conception. Pregnancies in lupus nephritis have higher incidence of lupus flares during pregnancy but similar maternal and foetal outcomes compared to those without nephritis. The prognostic indicators for adverse foetal outcome in our patients were flare of SLE (HR 4.08 [CI 95% 1.65–10.13, p < 0.01]) and APS (HR 3.07 [CI 95% 1.12–8.42, p < 0.05]) and the prognostic indicator for adverse maternal outcome was hypertension (HR 3.58 [CI 95% 1.30–9.90, p < 0.05]). Lupus pregnancies in our centre remained as high-risk pregnancies with significant maternal and foetal complications.
Creating Original Products and Infomercials to Study Rhetorical Analysis
Authors: Larrotta Clarena
Published: August 2016

Rhetorical analysis was a required unit of study for college students enrolled in intermediate English as a second language (ESL) composition. Twenty-six students participated in a project creating an original product and its infomercial. The project aimed at increasing student motivation to continue writing essays in English and providing a space for them to collaborate in small groups to do independent work. The research questions guiding the project were as follows: What are the linguistic gains for ESL students participating in rhetoric practice in a college composition course creating an original product and its infomercial? What can be learned about fostering learner independence as a result of implementing this project? Therefore, the students created infomercials of original products, used persuasion and argumentation strategies, transmitted social messages, and engaged in civic literacy. Independent learning occurred as students worked in small groups and made decisions, planned, applied new/previous knowledge, and shared resources. The students were able to construct knowledge and scaffold each other’s learning successfully.
Predictors of Coping Strategies Employed by Iraqi Refugees in Jordan
Authors: Al-Smadi Ahmed Mohammad , Tawalbeh Loai Issa , Gammoh Omar Salem , Ashour Ala , Alzoubi Fatmeh Ahmad , Slater Paul
Published: August 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine coping strategies used by Iraqi refugees in Jordan based on their demographic details. A cross-sectional design was used. A representative sample of 333 refugees living in Jordan participated in the study. The Cope inventory and the demographic details were compiled to produce and collate the relevant data. Being older, female, educated, single, and living with more than three family members was associated with greater use of the problem solving coping strategy. Being female, educated, and unemployed was associated with greater use of the active emotional coping strategy. In addition, being older, male, illiterate, unemployed, and living with less than three family members was associated with greater use of the avoidant emotional coping strategy. This study recommends a multidisciplinary approach intervention as being the best method of addressing and fulfilling the health and socioeconomic needs of older, male, illiterate, unemployed people.
Self-Regulation for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: Preliminary Effects of the I Control Curriculum
Authors: Smith Stephen W. , Daunic Ann P. , Algina James , Pitts Donna L. , Merrill Kristen L. , Cumming Michelle M. , Allen Courtney
Published: August 2016

Maladaptive adolescent behavior patterns often create escalating conflict with adults and peers, leading to poor long-term social trajectories. To address this, school-based behavior management often consists of contingent reinforcement for appropriate behavior, behavior reduction procedures, and placement in self-contained or alternative settings. Yet, these commonplace practices may not foster the self-regulation processes necessary to override the habitual and negative response sequences that prohibit independent and sustained positive social functioning. As such, we developed I Control, a curriculum to teach middle school students with significant behavior problems how to engage in appropriate social self-regulation. Pre–post pilot data analyses using Mplus from 152 students in 14 schools/17 classrooms indicated that students taught I Control evidenced more positive scores than controls on teacher-reported contextualized executive function, externalizing behavior problems, and general problem behavior, and student-reported emotional control, social problem solving, and externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Also, students who were taught the curriculum had greater curricular knowledge than control students. These positive findings indicate that I Control warrants more extensive investigation.
Executive Functioning Outcomes Over 6 Months of Atomoxetine for Adults With ADHD: Relationship to Maintenance of Response and Relapse Over the Subsequent 6 Months After Treatment
Authors: Adler Lenard A. , Solanto Mary , Escobar Rodrigo , Lipsius Sarah , Upadhyaya Himanshu
Published: August 2016

Objective: This study examines the relationship between maintenance of improved executive functioning (EF) in adults with ADHD with long-term symptom improvement with atomoxetine. Method: Data were collected from a yearlong, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study on adult patients with ADHD receiving atomoxetine (80-100 mg/day) for 24 weeks. Patients were then randomized to continue atomoxetine or placebo for 6 months. Executive functioning was rated with Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function–Adult Version: Self-Report™ (BRIEF-A: Self-Report™), and the T-scores were determined. Results: Postrandomization T-scores for atomoxetine patients were significantly better than those of placebo patients (3 and 6 months postrandomization). Patients with greater improvements in EF were more likely to show worsening of EF and to relapse after atomoxetine discontinuation. The maintenance of improved EF was significantly associated with improved ADHD symptoms (Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale–Investigator Rated: Screening Version [CAARS-Inv:SV] with adult prompts). Conclusion: Treatment with atomoxetine improved EF during the treatment phases. Improved EF was maintained up to 6 months after discontinuation of atomoxetine.
Survival following blunt traumatic right ventricular free wall rupture
Authors: Layba Cathline J , Arango Daniel , Griffin Lance W , McQuitty Christopher , Roughneen Patrick
Published: August 2016

We present a case of survival after ventricular wall rupture in a young man following a fall. The patient had a delayed presentation to the emergency department with normotension and a slight tachycardia. His complaints were mild dyspnea with thoracic pain. Computed tomography of his chest revealed a pericardial effusion, a right ventricular wall defect with pseudoaneurysm and active contrast extravasation. He was transferred to our tertiary care institution for emergent cardiac intervention. The patient had a unique past surgical history significant for previous median sternotomy as a child for repair of a patent foramen ovale at the age of 13 years. Upon arrival to our facility, the patient underwent surgical exploration, and a transmural defect was identified in the right ventricle. This was repaired on cardiopulmonary bypass, and the patient recovered well. Cardiac injury following blunt thoracic trauma should always be considered when a patient presents with hypotension and tachycardia. Expeditious diagnosis and intervention is required for salvage. We believe our patient’s past surgical history with previous pericardiotomy directly contributed to his survival of a typically lethal injury.
Third generation of advanced high-strength steels: Processing routes and properties
Authors: Nanda Tarun , Singh Vishal , Singh Virender , Chakraborty Arnab , Sharma Sandeep
Published: August 2016

The automobile industry is presently focusing on processing of advanced steels with superior strength–ductility combination and lesser weight as compared to conventional high-strength steels. Advanced high-strength steels are a new class of materials to meet the need of high specific strength while maintaining the high formability required for processing, and that too at reasonably low cost. First and second generation of advanced high-strength steels suffered from some limitations. First generation had high strength but low formability while second generation possessed both strength and ductility but was not cost effective. Amongst the different types of advanced high-strength steels grades, dual-phase steels, transformation-induced plasticity steels, and complex phase steels are considered as very good options for being extended into third generation advanced high-strength steels. The present review presents the various processing routes for these grades developed and discussed by different authors. A novel processing route known as quenching and partitioning route is also discussed. The review also discusses the resulting microstructures and mechanical properties achieved under various processing conditions. Finally, the key findings with regards to further research required for the processing of advanced high-strength steels of third generation have been discussed.
The impact of prepreg aging on its processability and the postcure mechanical properties of epoxy-based carbon-fiber reinforced plastics
Authors: Blass D , Kreling S , Dilger K
Published: August 2016

Due to the intention to increase the product efficiency by weight reduction, the application of carbon fiber reinforced plastics and its processing becomes more and more important for the industrial production planning. The aviation industry mostly uses epoxy-based preimpregnated laminates (prepregs). These prepregs are stored in the refrigerated state and may be processed after defrosting only for a specific shelf-life or so-called out-time. This limitation in processing time reduces the efficiency of the entire production, for example due to the waste of material during production stops. To improve the production effectiveness the shelf-life should be as high as possible, to be able to avoid material waste during production stops. Therefore, the processability and the postcure mechanical properties of two representative prepregs were investigated during this study for different aging stages and correlated with the reactivity of the prepregs.
Whose personal is more political? Experience in contemporary feminist politics
Authors: Phipps Alison
Published: August 2016

Whose personal is more political? This article explores the role of experience in contemporary feminist politics, arguing that it operates as a form of capital within abstracted and decontextualised debates which entrench existing power relations. In a neoliberal context in which the personal and emotional is commodified, powerful groups mobilise traumatic narratives to gain political advantage. Through case study analysis this article shows how privileged feminists, speaking for others and sometimes for themselves, use experience to generate emotion and justify particular agendas, silencing critics who are often from more marginalised social positions. The use of the experiential as capital both reflects and perpetuates the neoliberal invisibilisation of structural dynamics: it situates all experiences as equal, and in the process fortifies existing inequalities. This competitive discursive field is polarising, and creates selective empathies through which we tend to discredit others’ realities instead of engaging with their politics. However, I am not arguing for a renunciation of the politics of experience: instead, I ask that we resist its commodification and respect varied narratives while situating them in a structural frame.
Colour gamut size and shape influence colour preference
Authors: Wei M , Houser KW , David A , Krames MR
Published: August 2016

Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of colour gamut size and shape on colour preference. In the first, two side-by-side booths were designed to resemble a retail setting with clothing; in the second, a single booth was designed to resemble a restaurant setting, but also included a mirror to permit the observer's evaluation of skin tone. These settings were illuminated with two sets of sources, where, compared to a fixed reference, one set created modest chroma enhancement and the other set created greater increases in object chroma. Within each set, gamut shape varied, meaning different hues were saturated, even though, on average, the spectra created the same average increase in chroma. When objects were unfamiliar, as with the fabrics, all chroma-enhancing spectra were preferred to the fixed reference regardless of the gamut shapes. When familiar objects were present, such as food, observers were more discerning about changes in chroma and hue. We conclude that a graphic of gamut shape is an important adjunct to average measures of colour fidelity and gamut.
Original Research: Evaluation of pulmonary response to inhaled tungsten (IV) oxide nanoparticles in golden Syrian hamsters
Authors: Prajapati Milankumar V , Adebolu Olujoba O , Morrow Benjamin M , Cerreta Joseph M
Published: August 2016

Extensive industrial and military uses of tungsten have raised the possibilities of human occupational and environmental exposure to nanoparticles of this metal, with concomitant health concerns. The goal of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of pulmonary toxicity associated with inhaled tungsten (IV) oxide nanoparticles (WO3 NPs) in Golden Syrian Hamsters. Animals exposed to WO3 NPs via inhalation were divided into three groups — control and two treatment groups exposed to either 5 or 10 mg/m3 of aerosolized WO3 NPs for 4 h/day for four days. A long-term exposure study (4 h/day for eight days) was also carried out using an additional three groups. Pulmonary toxicity assessed by examining changes in cell numbers, lactate dehydrogenase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, TNF-α, and HMGB1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed a significant difference when compared to control ( P < 0.05). The molecular mechanism was established by assessing protein expression of cathepsin B, TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC, IL-1β and caspase-1. Western blot analysis indicated a 1.5 and 1.7 fold changes in NLRP3 in treatment groups (5 mg/m3, P < 0.05 and 10 mg/m3, P < 0.01, respectively), whereas levels of cathepsin B were 1.3 fold higher in lung tissue exposed to WO3 NPs suggesting activation of inflammasome pathway. Morphological changes studied using light and electron microscopy showed localization of nanoparticles and subsequent perturbation in airway epithelia, macrophages, and interstitial areas of alveolar structures. Results from the current study indicate that inhalation exposure to WO3 NPs may induce cytotoxicity, morphological changes, and lung injury via pyroptotic cell death pathway caused by activation of caspase-1.
Electromyographic activity of the shoulder muscles during rehabilitation exercises in subjects with and without subacromial pain syndrome: a systematic review
Authors: Kinsella Rita , Pizzari Tania
Published: August 2016

Background

Subacromial pain syndrome (SPS) is a common cause of shoulder pain and muscle activity deficits are postulated to contribute to the development and progression of the disorder. The purpose of this systematic review was to definitively determine whether evidence exists of differences in electromyography (EMG) characteristics between subjects with and without SPS.

Methods

Six key databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTdiscus, PEDro and The Cochrane Library (inception to May 2016). The search yielded 1414 records using terms relating to shoulder impingement, EMG, scapular and rotator cuff muscles. Twenty-two papers remained once duplicates were removed and selection criteria applied. Data extraction, quality assessment and data synthesis were performed. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results

There was limited evidence that serratus anterior has lower amplitude, delayed activation and earlier termination in SPS participants. For the majority of muscles, regardless of task, load or arm position, significant differences were not demonstrated or results were contradictory.

Conclusions

The understanding of SPS is changing and EMG appears unable to capture the complexities associated with this condition. Addressing aberrant movement patterns and facilitating balanced activation of all shoulder muscles may be a more appropriate treatment direction for the future.
How do hand therapists conservatively manage acute, closed mallet finger? A survey of members of the British Association of Hand Therapists
Authors: Cook Samantha , Daniels Nikki , Woodbridge Sarah
Published: August 2016

Introduction

Previous research concerning the conservative management of mallet finger has focused on splint application, with limited representation of supplementary rehabilitation and best practice. This research sought to investigate the practice and opinions of members of the British Association of Hand Therapists regarding their current treatment and to determine whether any specific exercise prescription or rehabilitation protocols are followed.

Methods

British Association of Hand Therapists members were contacted via e-mail and requested to complete an online survey. Thirty-five responses (5.7% response rate), 30 (4.8% response rate) of which were fully completed were obtained over the eight-week data collection period. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions (20 quantitative and 10 qualitative) concerning therapists’ roles and condition management. Responses were analysed in terms of response frequencies, percentages and thematic text analysis.

Results

The results demonstrated current clinical practices in line with available best-evidenced practice. Conservative therapeutic management is diverse and varied. Therapists believe their role to be significant in optimising outcome success.

Discussion

Exercises and other interventions supplementary to splinting are commonly utilised in the therapeutic management of acute, closed mallet finger. This research found hand therapists implement a diverse range of clinical skills in order to optimise outcome success. Recommendations for best practice and further research are presented.
Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation
Authors: Phillips Paige
Published: August 2016

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) is a rare congenital lung mass of the fetus that can present as solid or cystic. This is often diagnosed prenatally with sonography and routinely followed through the term of the pregnancy. Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is now classified into five different types that all originate from different areas of the lung and can vary in appearance. CPAM does present with a few differentials that need to be assessed, including bronchopulmonary sequestration, bronchogenic cyst, and congenital diaphragmatic hernia. It is vital to fully assess the fetal thorax and determine if there are any abnormalities present and if so the originating vasculature. This case report demonstrates a type 3-CPAM and its sonographic appearance as well as the classifications of CPAM and the possible differential diagnoses.
Antigen-presenting human B cells are expanded in inflammatory conditions
Authors: Shimabukuro-Vornhagen Alexander , García-Márquez María , Fischer Rieke N , Iltgen-Breburda Juliane , Fiedler Anne , Wennhold Kerstin , Rappl Gunter , Abken Hinrich , Lehmann Clara , Herling Marco , Wolf Dominik , Fätkenheuer Gerd , Rubbert-Roth Andrea , Hallek Michael , Theurich Sebastian , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael
Published: August 2016

Traditionally, B cells have been best known for their role as producers of antibodies. However, in recent years, a growing body of evidence has accumulated showing that B cells fulfill a range of other immunologic functions. One of the functions that has attracted increasing attention is the capacity of B cells to induce antigen-specific activation of T cells through presentation of antigens. However, the analysis of this B cell function has been hampered by the lack of a phenotypically well-defined antigen-presenting B cell subset. Here, we report the identification of a human antigen-presenting B cell subset with strong immunostimulatory properties. This B cell subset is characterized by low expression of CD21 and high expression of the activation marker CD86 and exhibits strong T cell–stimulatory activity, as demonstrated by means of an autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction. Phenotypically, CD21lowCD86pos immunostimulatory B cells (BAPC) represented CD27+ class-switched IgMnegIgDneg B lymphocytes and displayed a higher expression of cell surface receptors, which mediate the migration from peripheral blood to sites of inflammation. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood obtained from individuals with inflammatory conditions revealed that the BAPC subset was expanded following vaccination and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Taken together, our work shows that BAPC represents a strongly immunostimulatory B cell subset, which could be a promising target for immunotherapeutic intervention in inflammatory diseases.
The Amount of Fluid Given During Surgery That Leaks Into the Interstitium Correlates With Infused Fluid Volume and Varies Widely Between Patients
Authors: Nishimura Akiko , Tabuchi Yoko , Kikuchi Mutsumi , Masuda Rikuo , Goto Kinuko , Iijima Takehiko
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:

The revised Starling law suggests that intravenously infused fluid may leak into the interstitium and not remain in the intravascular space. This hypothesis is supported by clinical findings that postoperative weight gain is proportional to the amount of infused fluid. The distribution of intravenously administered fluid between the interstitium and intravascular space deserves evaluation, as postoperative weight gain because of intraoperative infusion is an important risk factor for postoperative adverse events. We quantitatively estimated fluid movement in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery by performing a volume kinetic study using hemoglobin concentration as a marker of dilution.

METHODS:

Forty-one patients scheduled to undergo orthognathic surgery were enrolled in this study. The arterial hemoglobin concentration was measured at each procedural step. Acute normovolemic hemodilution was induced by withdrawing 400 mL of blood followed by the infusion of a known amount of hydroxyethyl starch, enabling the initial blood volume to be estimated. The dilution rate of the arterial hemoglobin concentration enabled the volume of fluid in the intravascular space to be quantified. The fluid volume that leaked into the interstitium was then calculated based on the change in the estimated intravascular plasma volume.

RESULTS:

The blood volume estimated via this method was close to the value derived from a previously published formula. The mean volume of crystalloid infused as a maintenance fluid was 2062 ± 408 mL, ranging from 1220 to 3050 mL. None of the cases required blood product transfusion. The amount of infused fluid that remained intravascular varied widely from 2.0 to 35.7 mL/kg (mean, 12.0 ± 8.2 mL) after surgery, corresponding to 5.3% to 95.7% of the infused volume. The change in intravascular fluid volume during surgery was not strongly correlated with the infusion amount (Pearson correlation analysis: r = −0.05, P = .75, −0.44 < ρ ≤ 0.35, confidence intervals; Spearman correlation analysis: r = −0.14, P = .38, −0.51 < ρ ≤ 0.27). However, the amount of fluid that leaked into the interstitium during surgery did correlate with the infusion amount (Pearson correlation analysis: r = 0.42, P = .01, 0.03 < ρ ≤ 0.70; Spearman correlation analysis: r =0.45, P = .003, 0.07 < ρ ≤ 0.72).

CONCLUSIONS:

We found that the increase in intravascular fluid volume caused by intravenous fluid administration was not correlated strongly with the volume of infused fluid. Instead, the amount of fluid leakage into the interstitial space depended on the infused fluid volume. This clinical result supports the revised Starling law, which suggests that intravascular fluid may often leak into the interstitium. More work is needed to better understand the factors governing leakage of infused fluid into the interstitial space.
ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И СПЕЦИФИЧНОСТЬ МЕТОДОВ RMI И ROMA В ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ОБЪЕМНЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ЯИЧНИКОВ НА ПРЕДОПЕРАЦИОННОМ ЭТАПЕ
Authors: Egunova Mariya Alekseevna , Kutsenko Irina Georgievna
Published: August 2016

В России «профильность» пациенток с объемными образованиями яичников определяет гинеколог, которому приходится еще на дооперационном этапе максимально достоверно оценивать вероятность злокачественного процесса для правильного выбора дальнейшей тактики ведения пациентки. Цель: изучить чувствительность и специфичность методов RMI и ROMA в дифференциальной диагностике доброкачественных и злокачественных объемных образований яичников на предоперационном этапе. Было проведено проспективное исследование, в котором приняли участие 70 пациенток гинекологической клиники СибГМУ в возрасте от 22 до 80 лет, поступившие на хирургическое лечение по поводу объемных образований яичников. У пациенток был определен уровень онкомаркеров СА-125 и НЕ4 в сыворотке крови, проведено УЗИ ОМТ, осуществлен подсчет индекса малигнизации RMI алгоритма ROMA, после проведения хирургического лечения были изучены результаты гистологического исследования операционного материала. По результатам проведенного исследования, распространенность доброкачественных истинных опухолей, опухолевидных образований и рака яичников достоверно не различалась у пациенток репродуктивного и постменопаузального периодов (p >0,05). Методы RMI и ROMA показали достаточно высокую чувствительность (83,3% и 75% соответственно) и специфичность (95,3% и 100% соответственно) и могут быть использованы более широко для оценки характера объемных образований яичников на этапе предоперационного обследования. Ценность методов СА-125 и RMI в дифференциальной диагностике доброкачественных и злокачественных объемных образований яичников снижена у пациенток с эндометриозом.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СПОРТСМЕНА-ПАРАШЮТИСТА В ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ КУПОЛЬНАЯ АКРОБАТИКА ЧЕТВЕРКИ РОТАЦИЯ НА РЕЗУЛЬТАТ
Authors: Loshkarev Aleksandr Mikhailovich , Popova Marina Alexeevna , Mylchenko Ivan Vasil’evich
Published: August 2016

Настоящее исследование было проведено с целью оценки и выявления функционального состояния вегетативной и центральной нервной системы обеспечивающих достижение наилучшего спортивного результата у профессиональных спортсменов-парашютистов в период проведения чемпионата России в дисциплине купольная акробатика четверки ротация.Обследована национальная сборная России (всего 8 парашютистов), каждый спортсмен совершил от 5 до 7 перестроений. Изучение особенностей вегетативной регуляции у спортсменов проводили в покое и при выполнении активной ортостатической пробы с использованием спектрального анализа вариабельности ритма сердца. Показатели состояния центральной нервной системы оценивали с помощью психофизиологических методик.Установлено, что спортсмены, добивающиеся лучшего времени перестроения, характеризуются тремя основными параметрами: наименьшей степенью напряжения регуляторных систем по Р.М. Баевскому (в пределах между 2-й и 4-й степенью), наиболее выраженным симпатическим вазомоторным влиянием на ритм при фоновой записи РКГ и наивысшим уровнем функциональных возможностей ЦНС.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СПОРТСМЕНА-ПАРАШЮТИСТА НА ТОЧНОСТЬ ПРИЗЕМЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Popova Marina Alexeevna , Loshkarev Aleksandr Mikhailovich , Mylchenko Ivan Vasil’evich
Published: August 2016

Настоящее исследование было проведено с целью оценки и выявления функционального состояния вегетативной и центральной нервной системы обеспечивающих достижение наилучшей точности приземления спортсменов-парашютистов в соревновательный период.Обследовано 16 парашютистов, каждый из которых совершил от 5 до 6 попыток. Изучение особенностей вегетативной регуляции у спортсменов проводили в покое и при выполнении активной ортостатической пробы с использованием спектрального анализа вариабельности ритма сердца. Показатели состояния центральной нервной системы оценивали с помощью психофизиологических методик.Установлено, что наилучшей точности приземления добиваются спортсмены имеющие наименьшую медиану значения времени реакции при проведении методики ПЗМР и преобладающее симпатическое вазомоторное влияние в покое, поэтому данные параметры наиболее целесообразно оценивать в тренировочном процессе спортсменов-парашютистов.
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ В МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Kondratova Natal’ya Vladimirovna
Published: August 2016

Поддержание высокой удовлетворенности пациента и членов его семьи является неотъемлемой составляющей частью качественной медицинской помощи. Определение оптимальных методов исследования удовлетворенности пациента с целью мониторирования, сравнения с данными других медицинских организаций и оценки динамики после внедрения различных планов по улучшению является актуальной задачей современного здравоохранения. Целью настоящего исследования являлся анализ методических подходов к исследованию удовлетворенности пациентов в медицинской организации. В рамках поставленной цели проведен анализ нормативно-правовой базы регулирования исследования удовлетворенности пациентов в Российской Федерации, требований международных стандартов качества в отношении исследования удовлетворенности пациентов, опыт медицинских организаций США, проведена оценка преимуществ и недостатков различных методов исследования удовлетворенности, а также предложены рекомендации для руководителей по выбору оптимальных методов исследования удовлетворенности пациентов в зависимости от целей и задач, стоящих перед медицинской организацией.
РОЛЬ НЕЙТРОФИЛЬНЫХ ГРАНУЛОЦИТОВ В ГЕНЕЗЕ ОПУХОЛЕВЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
Authors: Smirnova Olga Valentinovna , Agilova Yulia Nikolaevna , Perepechai Yaroslava Igorevna , Bahareva Oksana Petrovna
Published: August 2016

Целью исследования было изучение особенностей противоопухолевой хемилюминесцентной активности нейтрофилов крови больных множественной миеломой-G варианта в зависимости от стадии развития заболевания. Были обследованы 101 больной множественной миеломой G-иммунохимического варианта, в возрасте от 40 до 76 лет и 125 практически здоровых добровольцев. Больные были разделены на стадии согласно классификации Durie, Salmon (1975 г.) Исследование проводилось методом хемилюминесцентного анализа спонтанной и индуцированной продукции активных форм кислорода нейтрофилами. У больных на II стадии статистически значимо повышались показатели хемилюминесцентной активности нейтрофилов, как при спонтанной, так и при индуцированной хемилюминесценции: интенсивность хемилюминесцентной активности нейтрофилов, площадь под кривой, а также индекс активации по сравнению с контрольной группой. На III стадии заболевания интенсивность спонтанной хемилюминесценции превышала таковую на II стадии заболевания, а интенсивность индуцированной хемилюминесценции была снижена по сравнению со II стадией. Таким образом, на III стадии множественной миеломы возникают модификационные преобразования нейтрофилов ведущие к быстрому прогрессированию заболевания.
АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ И НАУЧНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ В ИЗУЧЕНИИ HELICOBACTER PYLORI ИНФЕКЦИИ У ДЕТЕЙ СИБИРИ
Authors: Kasparov Eduard Vilyamovich , Moskalenko Olga Leonidovna
Published: August 2016

Озабоченность вызывает увеличение заболеваний гастродуоденальной зоны у детей, что чревато ростом патологии среди взрослого населения в дальнейшем, учитывая рецидивирующий характер ее течения. Одно из первоочередных мест среди этиологических факторов в формировании гастродуоденальной патологии отводится H. pylori инфекции, с которой во многом связывают неблагоприятную ситуацию по язвенной болезни, раку желудка в регионах, в частности, в ряде территорий Сибири. В обзоре представлены научные направления и обобщены результаты исследований по изучению различных аспектов H. pylori инфекции у детей сибирского региона. В частности обобщены данные об эпидемиологии инфекции. Представлены данные научных исследований о популяционных особенностях клинического течения H. pylori-ассоциированных заболеваний и о внегастральных проявлениях инфекции у детей Сибири.
НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГИЯ НА СЛУЖБЕ ПРОФИЛАКТИЧЕСКОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ И СТАНДАРТ ДИСПАНСЕРИЗАЦИИ
Authors: Kuzina Natalia Vladimirovna
Published: August 2016

Предлагаются практические приемы проведения нейропсихологического исследования и рекомендации к содержанию заключений, оформленных на пациентов амбулаторного приема возраста старости, а также условно здоровых граждан при диспансеризации.Цель. Создать программу неинвазивного нейропсихологического исследования взрослого населения с целью профилактики нарушений работы головного мозга, инсультов, падения работоспособности при диспансеризации и для диагностики возрастных изменений мозга.Материалы и методы. Обзор, компоновка в соответствии с заданными целями раннего обнаружения органических дисфункций головного мозга и нарушений познавательной деятельности, анализ чувствительности и применимости в заданных целях методик, предлагаемых в нейропсихологических альбомах, а также отдельных вспомогательных методик изучения высших когнитивных функций.Результаты. Приводится рекомендованный к введению в процедуру диспансеризации перечень диагностических нейропсихологических методик и предлагаемая примерная структура письменного заключения.Заключение. Предложен стандарт неинвазивных методик исследования для первоначальной диагностики и контроля безопасности жизнедеятельности при диспансеризации в вопросе сохранности высших психических функций и здоровья головного мозга.
ОЦЕНКА НАКОПЛЕНИЯ РТУТИ В ОБЪЕКТАХ ЖИВОЙ И НЕЖИВОЙ ПРИРОДЫ СЕВЕРА ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ
Authors: Ovsepyan Asya Emilyevna , Fedorov Yuri Aleksandrovich , Zimovets Alina Aleksandrovna , Savitsky Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich
Published: August 2016

В работе исследуется содержание ртути в различных объектах окружающей среды севера европейской территории России (ЕТР). Цель – оценить накопление ртути в объектах живой и неживой природы севера ЕТР на примере Архангельского региона.В основу работы положены результаты оригинальных исследований, проводившихся авторами с 2004 г. Отбирались и анализировались на содержание ртути пробы снега, дождевых осадков, почв, воды и донных отложений рек, озер, болот, Белого моря, а также различных видов рыб. Привлечены данные по содержанию ртути в хвое ели, эпифитных лишайника. Район исследований включал участки с различной степенью выраженности антропогенного воздействия. Определения концентраций ртути проводились методом атомной абсорбции в холодном паре аттестованной лабораторией Южного федерального университета. Контроль повторяемости получаемых результатов проводился в ФГУГП «Южгеология» и Гидрохимическом институте Росгидромета. Погрешность определения 10-15 %.Получены ряды ранжирования по уровням накопления ртути (по возрастанию): донные отложения озер → донные отложения Белого моря → донные отложения болота Иласское → хвоя ели → почвы → гидробионты устья реки → донные отложения устья р. Северная Двина → эпифитные лишайники; вода озер → дождевые осадки → снеговые осадки → вода устья р. Северная Двина.Выявленное повышенное содержание ртути во всех компонентах речной экосистемы устья Северной Двины демонстрирует превалирующую роль антропогенного поступления загрязненных вод различного происхождения. В целом уровни содержания ртути в регионе сравнимы с другими циркумполярными областями, находящимися под антропогенным воздействием, и превышают подобные значения для фоновых районов субарктики.Результаты могут быть использованы при усовершенствовании сети мониторинга качества окружающей среды, а также разработке научных основ природоохранных мероприятий.
СРАВНЕНИЕ АЛГОРИТМОВ РАСПОЗНАВАНИЯ ОБРАЗОВ НЕЙРОННЫМИ СЕТЯМИ ХОПФИЛДА
Authors: Pavlova Anna Illarionovna , Bobrikova Ksenya Anatolevna
Published: August 2016

Основным достоинством искусственных нейронных сетей (ИНС) в задачах распознавания состоит в их функционировании подобно человеческому мозгу. В работе рассмотрены вопросы распознавания изображений нейронными сетями Хопфилда, выполнен сравнительный анализ распознавания изображений методом проекций и по правилу Хебба. Для этих целей разработана программа на языке C# в среде Microsoft Visual Studio 2012. В ходе распознавания эталонных и искаженных образов изображений с разным уровнем зашумленности показал, что сети Хопфилда, обучаемые методом проекций способны запоминать и восстанавливать исходные образы со значительными искажениями до 25–30%.