bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Agrochemical Chernozem From Cojocna in Differentiated Fertilization Case of Maize Crop
Authors: TOADER Constantin , MARGHITAS Marilena , SANDOR Mignon
Published: December 2021

The research undertaken in the field of differentiated fertilization in maize crop aim at rationalizing fertilizing mineral inputs and at their reduction by promoting alternatives and strategies for an efficient inclusion within differentiated fertilization systems of humiferous organic resources In order to achieve the aforementioned research objectives, field experiments were conducted in 2010 at SDE Cojocna of the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, on a cambic chernozem soil, on maize crop including different fertilizing sources, mineral - from complex NP fertilizers, organic- from semi-fermented stable manure.
Indicator Species for Oligotrophic Semi-Natural Grasslands in Apuseni Mountains
Authors: PACURAR Florin , ROTAR Ioan , BOGDAN Anca , VIDICAN Roxana
Published: December 2021

The extensive exploitation of agricultural systems is the factor which created the semi-natural grasslands with large plant diversity. These meadows’ persistence depends in a large extent on the extensive use which can be recognized in the field by the presence of certain species having an indicator value. This paper’s objective is to elaborate a list of indicator species for the extensive use of the semi-natural grasslands in the boreal floor.
Copper Pollution of Soils Located Into The Influence Area of Thermo-Electric Power Stations Doiceşti and Rovinari
Authors: BALACEANU Claudia Elena , LĂCĂTUŞU Anca Rovena
Published: December 2021

Some of the most complex polluters of the environment are thermo-electric power stations that are using coal as energy source. There are two types of environmental pollution sources: the main are baskets exhaust gases of coal combustion, so called high sources, and the secondary sources that are ash dumps resulted from the coal combustion activities, so called low sources. Thermo-electric power station Doicesti, located in the area of Sub-Carpathian hills, on Ialomiţa Valley, is a major source of environment pollution with sulphur, since 1952 when was built. By geographically point of view, the studied territory can be included into Sub-Carpathians’ Curvature, more specify in the Prahova’s Sub-Carpathian subunit.Pedogenesis factors: rock, topography and parent matherial, have led the evolution of isolated, lythomorphic soils. In the investigated territory four soil classes: Luvisols, Cambisols, Vertisols and Protisols were identified, each of them with types and subtypes mentioned in the paper.From the geomorphological viewpoint, thermo-electric power stations Rovinari belongs to the Câlnic-Câmpul Mare inter-hilly depression whose altitude, at the Rovinari, is 150 m. The soil forming factors causing the soil evolution have been the rock, parental material and relief, all of them determining the evolution of lithomorphic zonal soils. The soils in the analyzed area represented by the classes: luvisols, hydrisols, cambisols and protisols.The subject of this paper is to analyze the loading degree of copper of the soils affected by emissions from thermo-electric power stations Doiceşti and Rovinari. Soil samples collected soil profiles distributed in all cardinal directions, were analyzed for pH, cooper contens. In the investigated area, cooper pollution of soils, caused by cooper emissions from thermo-electric power stations Doicesti and Rovinari, were recorded. The cooper pollution phenomenon gathering way by changing the normal content of soil, plant, and consequently, could affecting the health of the inhabitants of this territory.
Evaluating the Impacts of Agriculture to Groundwater Pollution in a Shallow Aquifer in Eastern Croatia
Authors: FILIPOVIĆ Vilim , PETOŠIĆ Dragutin , ŠIMUNIĆ Ivan , MUSTAĆ Ivan , SVEČNJAK Zlatko , ZOVKO Monika , BUBALO Marina , MATIJEVIĆ Lana
Published: December 2021

Agricultural activities are frequently associated with groundwater pollution. In this study, the goal is to evaluate the nitrate and phosphorus levels and it's impact to the groundwater. The investigation was located in the Eastern Croatia in the area of 6.600 ha of mainly agricultural land. Groundwater quality in the countertop part of the soil profile to 4.0 m depth was monitored by 40 installed hydropedological piezometers. Sampling water from piezometers was carried out every 60 days. In the groundwater samples nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and orthophosphate were analyzed. According to the indicators it was confirmed that at all locations during the observation period mean concentrations of NH4-N, NO3-N, total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the groundwater from piezometers occasionally exceeded the value of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) which is prescribed by the Regulations. The mean concentrations of NO3-N were consistent and varied in the range from 2.42 to 4.61 mg NO3-N/l, the mean concentrations of nitrogen from ammonia exceed the permissible value (NH4-N) throughout the year, the average being higher than MAC (0.50 mg NH4-N/l) and were within the range of 0.57 mg NH4-N/l in to 1.21 mg NH4-N/l. The maximum concentration of phosphorus in groundwater were in the range of values from 0.40 to 1.11 mg P/l. Observation of traditional agricultural production in the investigation area with emphasis on leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus shows that it represents a potential threat to the future pollution of groundwater with nitrogen with phosphorus.
Researches Regarding of Recovering Potential of Slag Components From Electric Steel Mills
Authors: ILUTIU Dana Adriana , PICĂ Elena Maria , BRÂNDUŞAN Liviu
Published: December 2021

The steelmaking process in the electric arc furnace causes environmental pollution in all its components: water, air and soil. The electric arc furnace steelmaking is considered to be an industrial process with high degree of pollution because solid wastes (slag, dust) and gaseous pollutants (carbon oxide, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide, volatile organic compounds, dioxins and furans) are generated. The paper presents an assessment of the recovering potential of slag components from electric steel mills. It presents the results obtained by chemical analysis of slag from steelmaking in the electric arc furnace. For this purpose, four slag samples were taken from an electric arc furnace having a capacity of 75 tones. The type of steel that has been made is carbon steel. In the analyzed slag samples there were identified the following compounds: silicon oxide (SiO2), lime (CaO), iron oxide (FeO), manganese oxide (MnO), magnesia oxide (MgO), chromium trioxide (Cr2O3), alumina (Al2O3), titanium dioxide (TiO2), vanadium oxide (V2O5) and phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5). From the analysis of solid waste one can conclude that by recovering the ferrous and mineral components of these waste, followed by their capitalization, it is possible to reduce the negative impact due to storage of these wastes in the environment.
A Study Regarding Carbon Monoxid Pollution in Cluj-Napoca City
Authors: IVAN Ilarie , DEAC Teodora
Published: December 2021

The European adhesion established the necessity of pollution decrease and an increase in air quality in our country, especially in large cities. According to this necessity, The Regional Agency of Environmental Protection from Cluj-Napoca, within a European Union project, benefited by five stations for air quality measured in Cluj region. One on the main air pollutants in large city is carbon monoxide. Thus in this paper, a study regarding carbon monoxide pollution in Cluj-Napoca, has been realized. CO measurements were carried out in January, February and March 2011, daily at 14 o’clock, in the CJ1-Traffic Station from Cluj-Napoca. The study followed the maximum and minimum values of CO and the weekly evolution of CO concentration. According to the results a series of recommendations to the management of Cluj-Napoca City Hall has been elaborated.
Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Wastewaters
Authors: MODROGAN Cristina , MIRON Alexandra Raluca , ORBULET Oanamari Daniela , COSTACHE Cristina , ANGHEL Marian
Published: December 2021

Althought have been done important progresses in developing countries in environment management field, heavy metals remain an important threat for human health and environment components. Unlike other pollutants classes, which can be biodegradable or completely destroyed, metals are not biodegradable and none of metals can not be destroyed. However, metals can be transformed into more toxic forms or more stable complex forms which can be more or less toxic. In this paper, was studied the removal of hexavalent chromium from waste water using solid waste (charcoal made from nutshells, furnace ash). The authors studied the influence of the following parameters: the initial pH of solution, the contact time on the sorption capacity. The adsorbent efficiency to the chromium removal was also studied using chromium-plating wastewater.
Cluster Analyze Approach in Monitoring Some Physico-Chemical Parameters of Drinking Water from Municipal Network of Cluj-Napoca Town
Authors: ODAGIU Antonia , OROIAN Ioan Gheorghe , MIHĂIESCU Tania , COVRIG Ilie , VÂRBAN Dan
Published: December 2021

A data matrix, obtained from a 2-year (2010 – 2011) monitoring programme, was subjected to cluster analyze to obtain information about pH, electric conductivity and dissolved oxygen drinking water sampled from six sites, to identify possible variances in drinking water quality, and problems in town pipe network, even indications on its toxicity. The drinking water analyzed parameters were also compared to the same parameters quantified in samples prelevated from town water source – Tarniţa Lake. The data were processed with STATISTICA v.7.0 programme. The suitability of multivariate statistical analyze (CA in our case) for discussing the monitoring parameters was demonstrated by the kurtosis and skewness values. The spatial CA emphasizes of three clusters for pH, two clusters for electrical conductivity with high internal homogeneity, and high external heterogeneity (p < 0.001), and three clusters for dissolved oxygen with high internal homogeneity and moderate external heterogeneity (p < 0.05), and with different degrees of similarities. Very significant and distinctly significant differences, respectively, were reported between pH and electric conductivity of average drinking water sample from Cluj-Napoca town network and supplying drinking water point (Tarniţa Lake), while concerning the dissolved oxygen, the difference was statistically not significant.
Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Temperature Values, Relative Humidity In 2009 And 2010 In West Side Of Bucharest City
Authors: RUSĂNESCU Carmen Otilia , PARASCHIV Gigel , VOICU Gheorghe , RUSĂNESCU Marin
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the air temperature is monitored weather station AWS / EV faculty of Biotechnical Systems Engineering, “Politehnica” University of Bucharest during September-November 2009. Air temperature is one of the most important meteorological parameters. In recent years intensified the greenhouse effect, so it is very important to monitor atmospheric temperature.Air temperature and relative humidity variation was monitored using weather station type: AWS / E V. equipment Biotechnical Engineering Faculty of the UPB (Polytechnic University of Bucharest) SIAP + MICROS program GECO Version 2.3.2 automatically records the following parameters: air temperature, wind direction and speed, air humidity, solar radiation, rain. We have achieved and the statistical analysis of relative humidity in the months examined, highlighting the maximum and minimum relative humidity. Using Data Acquisition software is done, That year operating system runs under Microsoft Windows 95, 98, ME, Win NT, Windows 2000, XP. Meteorological time is measured, Recorded and transmitted automatically in real time with specific systems and Stored on computer databases [3]
The Environmental Impact of Advanced Material Concepts for Luminescent Solar Concentrators
Authors: ANGHEL Mihai , NICULESCU Violeta , STEFANESCU Ioan
Published: December 2021

Sunlight that is incident on the front surface of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is absorbed and subsequently re-emitted by luminescent materials. The resulting luminescence is transported to the edge of the LSC sheet and concentrated onto photovoltaic devices. This paper outlines the loss mechanisms that limit conversion efficiency of the LSC and highlights the role that advanced materials can play. Losses include nonunity fluorescence quantum yield (FQY), reabsorption losses, incomplete utilization of the solar spectrum, and escape cone losses. Long-term photostability is also discussed as it is essential for commercial feasibility of any solar technology. The main motivation for implementing an LSC is to replace the large area of expensive solar cells required in a standard flat-plate PV panel, with an inexpensive polymeric collector, thereby, reducing the cost of the module (in dollars per watt) and also of the solar power (in dollars per kilowatthour). A key advantage of LSC technology compared to other concentrating systems is that it can collect both direct and diffuse solar radiation. This means that tracking of the sun is not required—enhancing further potential cost reductions and making LSCs excellent candidates for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)—as well as making them the ideal PV technology for cloudier northern European climates. Similarly to electricity conversion, LSCs also have applications in daylighting (Hiramoto et al., 1991), thermal conversion, and hybrid thermal–photovoltaic systems that could generate electricity and extract the heat generated by the LSC plate (Xue et al., 2005).
Solubilization of Phosphate by the Bacillus under Salt Stress and in the Presence of Osmoprotectant Compounds
Authors: HAFSA Cherif , ALLAOUA Silini , MOSTEFA Ghoul
Published: December 2021

The Bacillus by their intrinsic properties have several mechanisms having beneficial effects to plants (Hayat et al., 2010). One of the main activities enhancing the growth of plants is the mineral feed phosphate (Yazdani et al., 2009).
Species and Fertilization Influence on the Bread Quality Made from Whole Flour Coming from Tow Species of Cereal Wheat and Triticale in Three Different Ratio
Authors: BIROU (POP) Anamaria , MUSTE Sevastiţa , MAN Simona
Published: December 2021

In this study has been taken one whole flour coming from wheat Turda 2000 species and other whole flour coming from triticale Titan species. Both species have undergone fertilization treatment: F1=N40P40 and F2= N60P60. Whole flour from these species of cereals was mixture in three different ratio for each type of fertilization finally obtaining 7 bread variants including the control variant coming from whole flour Turda 2000 species unfertilized. The three ratios have been chosen like M1=50:50% wheat:triticale, M2=70:30% wheat:triticale, M3=30:70% wheat:triticale. Following analysis of the main force Romanian bakery standards like: volume, porosity, elasticity, H / D ratio, moisture, acidity, sodium chloride and comparing each of the 6 variants with the blank variant was evidence found that the best variant how is in according with maximum physico-chemical parameters is P1F2 variant with a ratio of 50:50% wheat:triticale follow by P2F2 with a ratio of 70:30% According with analysis performed found that fertilization factor has a very significant influence on the bakery quality.
Effect of Calf Presence During Milking on Milk Fatty Acid Profile in Prim’Holstein and Salers Cow Breeds
Authors: COZMA Anamaria , MARTIN Bruno , GUIADEUR Marlène , PRADEL Philippe , ANDREI Sanda , FERLAY Anne
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of calf presence during milking and cow breed on milk fatty acid (FA) profile. 30 Prim’Holstein (H) and Salers (S) primiparous lactating cows were milked in the presence (CP) or in the absence (CA) of their calves, during the 9 months of lactation. Milk FA profile was significantly influenced by breed: 4:0, 12:0, 18:2 n-6 and cis-18:1 had higher concentrations in milk from H cows, whereas 14:0, 18:3 n-3, cis-9,trans-11-CLA and trans-18:1 had higher concentrations in milk from S cows. The presence of the calf during milking also had an important effect: it decreased the milk fat content, as well as 18:0, 18:2 n-6, 18:3 n-3 and trans-18:1 levels and it increased 16:0 level. Cis-9,trans-11-CLA concentration increased in the presence of the calf, for H cows, whereas it decreased for S cows.
Non-Enzymatic Water-Soluble Antioxidants Bioanalysis in Some Teas and Juices by PCL Method
Authors: DARIE Neli , BRATU Iuliana , OGNEAN Mihai , OGNEAN Claudia
Published: December 2021

Non-enzymatic water-soluble antioxidants from different teas (black, green, peppermint), coffee, natural extract of rosemary and fruit juices (apple, grape, grapefruit, kiwifruit) were quantized by measuring their chemiluminescence in order to establish their power to protect the living beings from the free radicals. Among the samples high values of antioxidative capacity presents green tea (655 mmol AU) (AU=ascorbic units) and kiwi fruit juice (31 mmol AU). The maximum measuring times are less than 3 minutes. The sensivity of the photo-induced chemiluminescence (PCL) method was very high: nanomolar concentrations of non-enzymatic watwer-soluble antioxidative substances, as ascorbic acid units, have been determinated with a reproductibility of CV
Mathematical Modeling of Temperature in Bread Baking
Authors: DAVID Adriana Paula , BURNETE Nicolae , NAGHIU Alexandru , CĂTUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to obtain a mathematical model to describe the evolution of temperature during the baking of bread and pastry bakers, and how these developments affect the main qualitative characteristics of the finished product such as skin color, temperature heating of the product and weight loss in cooking.
Two Methods for Highlighting the Influence of Sugars Type on Fermentation Processes Produced by Staphylococcus Carnosus and Lactobacillus Curvatus
Authors: DRĂGHICI Olga
Published: December 2021

Purpose of this paper is to establish the influence of different types of sugars on fermentation processes found in the meat industry. In the analysis used a mixture of bacteria (Lactobacillus curvatus and Staphylococcus carnosus ), and the types of sugars were used lactose, lactulose, sucrose and two types of glucose syrup. To highlight the speed with which the fermentation process takes place, the variation in pH for the environment and the amount of energy released during biotechnological processes was measured.
Results Regardind the Ochratoxin a Analysis in Feed Formulas
Authors: FEIER Dana , TOFANA Maria
Published: December 2021

. Ochratoxin A is a toxic metabolite produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. Among the metabolites of type A, Ochraceus is considered as being one of the main producers. Ochratoxin A is the main mycotoxin from the ochratoxines group, and it seems to be the only one with a toxicological significance (Derache R., Paris).

Ochratoxin A has been proven to be nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, teratogenic, immunotoxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic in some animal species and possibly carcinogenic for humans. Therefore, this study tried to determine the levels of Ochratoxin A by ELISA- screening test from samples of feed formulas for pigs and poultry.

The quantities of Ochratoxin A obtained in the study are below the permissible limit provided in the Commission Recommendation no. 576 of 17 Augus 2006.
Translocation of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd in Some Vegetables Grown in Polluted Area of Baia Mare, Romania
Authors: IVASUC Melinda Maria , RUSU Mihai Cornel
Published: December 2021

In this work, behaviors of lettuce and spinach, growing in a metal-polluted garden soils located near a nonferrous metallurgical center, were investigated through Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd soils and plant metal concentrations, their capacity to uptake these metals through concentration factor (CF) and translocated these metals from inedible to edible part of vegetables through translocation factor (TF). The present study highlights that both adults and children consuming vegetables grown in these garden soils ingest significant amount of these metals. The soil and plant samples had been collected from 2 places located at small distances from existing pollution sources Ferneziu and Tăuţii de Sus. For the comparative analysis of the data, also a reference zone had been selected from Sighetu-Marmaţiei, area not under the direct impact of mentioned pollution sources. Heavy metal (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd) content from soil and plant samples were analysed on a Perkin Elmer Flame AAS. The values for Cu in total forms in soil varied between 31.278 mg•kg-1 (Sighet) and 216.042 mg•kg-1 (Ferneziu). The concentrations of Pb in total forms ranged from 38.671 mg•kg-1 (Sighet) at 2036.362 mg•kg-1 (Ferneziu). The concentration of Zn varied between 137.681 mg•kg-1 (Sighet) and 1992.322 mg•kg-1 (Ferneziu). The minimum value obtained for Cd was 0.789 mg•kg-1 (Sighet) and the maximum value was 7.854 mg•kg-1 (Ferneziu). The order of average CF values are similar in lettuce root and spinach leaves being followed: Cd >Cu> Zn >Pb. The order of average CF values at spinach from soil to root was: Cd> Pb> Cu >Zn. The CF average values from soil to lettuce leaves was in the following order: Cd> Pb >Cu >Zn. In lettuce the TF (root to leaves) values in varied in the following order Zn> Cu> Cd >Pb in all studied areas. In spinach the order of variation for TF values was Cu>Cd>Zn>Pb. This study reveals an intense soil and plant pollution in the areas adjacent to sources of pollution (Tăuţii de Sus and Ferneziu) and indicate a translocation of these heavy metals in plants. Their consumption make possible an inevitably transfer of heavy metals in the body, which can have serious consequences on human health.
The Effect of Slaughtering Procedures on Blood Spotting in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss)
Authors: MIHALCA George Liviu , TIŢA Mihaela , MIHALCA Ana , TIŢA Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was submitted for various slaughter and bleeding procedures to see what effect this would have on blood drainage of the muscles. Results show that the bleeding method is of less importance, while it is the timing that is important. No significant difference in bloodspotting was observed between fish that were bled live by a gill cut or percussive killed and bled by gutting. Most of the drainage of blood in the fish muscle seems to occur within the first hours postmortem, so rigor mortis is of little importance. The visual appearance of the fillet was influenced by number and size of the bloodstains. Colour measurements with Hunter L*, a*, b* did not reveal this. We conclude that a gill cut is not necessarily to obtain bleeding, so the industry can omit this phase and go directly to gutting.
The Evaluation of Prenylflavonoids Compounds in Romanian Beer
Authors: MUDURA Elena , PAUCEAN Adriana , TOFANA Maria , SOCACI Sonia
Published: December 2021

The evalution of prenylflavonoids from Romanian beer was done by an analytical methodology based on sample purification by centrifugation and subsequent analysis of the beer by high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry MS/MS detection. In commercial beers less than 50 µg/l was found for XN, showing that a significant lost of this compound occurs during the brewing process. The isoxanthohumol is was found as principal prenylflavonoid in beer. The major concentration of prenylflavonoids was found in dark beer at 0.318 mg/l.
Mathematical Modeling of Batch Enzymatic Starch Hydrolysis
Authors: MUNTEAN Edward
Published: December 2021

A mathematical model was developed for enzymatic starch hydrolysis, considering a Michaelis Menten kinetic approach. For defining and implementing the mathematical model, the following stages were accomplished: defining the considered chemical species, the chemistry of the reaction involved and the interactions between the reagents, defining the kinetic of each elementary reaction stage, establishing the initial values for the considered substances concentrations, writing the corresponding programming algorithm using Matlab 7.1. The proposed model consists in a set of ordinary differential equations, whose integration was made using the adaptable fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm. The model was validated using an experimental lab-scale approach, monitoring the glucose concentration during starch hydrolysis. A good agreement between the experimental and predicted data were obtained in the first part of the process; near and within the saturation domain some shifts were recorded toward smaller glucose concentration than the predicted ones, a possible explanation being that the real enzyme de-activation is greater than the predicted one. The model can be utilized to establish the time required for a given conversion or the enzyme concentration for a given starch conversation, or as a tool for interactive learning in technicians’ training.
Quality Characteristics and Standards for Sunflower Oil from Arad Agricultural Area
Authors: MUREŞAN Claudia , DICU Anca Mihaela , CIUTINA Virgil , CHAMBRE Dorina , URSACHI Claudiu
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the unsaturated fatty acid compounds of studied oils, physico-chemical parameters, and the behavior of the four oil types during oxidation and heating.

This is a part of a large study effectuated on Carnia sunflower hybrids, PR64H91, PR65A22 and PR64H45 obtained through cold pressing. We followed the evolution of the UV absorption correlated with the peroxide value. The peroxide value has been presented an increased value in the first 12 heating hours, but after this period of time, it has been decreased due to the high temperature instability of the early formed hydro-peroxides. The absorbance between 220-230 nm and the specific absorbance on 232 and 270 nm (characteristic of the conjugated dienes and trienes) have increased along the experiment period. The results were compared with those from regular sunflower oil.
The Effect of Some Commercial Fibers on Dough Rheology
Authors: OGNEAN Claudia Felicia , OGNEAN Mihai , DARIE Neli
Published: December 2021

Bread is largely consumed and could be used as a carrier for different nutrients. Fibers play an important role in human nutrition but the bread are depleted in this nutrient. For fibers, supplementation could be used different sources. The fibers needed to be tested before their use in breadmaking. This work investigates how some commercial fibers (Exafine, Apple AF12, Potato KF 200, Oat HF 200 and Wheat WF400) influence the rheology of dough at 10 and 15 % addition. All fibers increased the water absorption and development time because of competition for water between fibers and flour component. Product Apple AF12 deteriorates the dough rheology by dough stability reduction and increases the degree of softening. The cereal fibers increase the development time and stability of dough and decrease the degree of softening, the higher effects being observed for wheat WF200.
Metabolomics-Based Systems Biology Needs Chemometrics – Former Eexperience and Case Studies
Authors: SOCACIU Carmen , FETEA Florinela , RANGA Floricuţa , POP Raluca , ZAVOI Simona
Published: December 2021

Considering the need of symbiosis between metabolomics& chemometrics in developing systems biology, we review here some relevant findings of our previous experience in performing analytical methods for metabolomic fingerprinting of fruits and food products, coupled with chemometrics as an integrated , added-value technology for systems biology. Some specific case-studies relevant for plant and food metabolomics are presented: seabuckthorn fruits and leaves, lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts or juices, aronia, black currant and bilberries. We proposed specific metabolomic-metabonomic evaluations (fingerprint and quantification) integrated by a four-steps analysis: UV-VIS spectroscopy (1), Infrared spectrometry (2), GC or HPLC ± FID, PDA or MS detection (3) and chemometry (4). By our specific case-studies we demonstrated here that the determination of biochemical markers for a specific plant or food is just a beginning of a metabolic approach. Only combining the chemical informations given by sophisticated or rapid, simple techniques associated with chemometrics’ informations via pattern recognition (fingerprinting), data calibration and quantitative measuring, as well clustering of significant groups of samples based on their principal components are necessary to enrich the metabolic profile and approach the intergrated view of systems biology.
The Presence of Somatic Cells in Milk in Salaj County
Authors: STETCA Gheorghe , MOCUŢA N. , CHINDRIS V. , GHERMAN Mariana
Published: December 2021

Within the study made, there were tested samples of fresh caw milk in an area in Sălaj County. The test was made with the help of Somacount equipment produced by Bentley–USA.

The presence and NCS in milk represents a highly important problem under the aspect of public health, animal welfare and also regarding the juridical aspect. Out of 243 samples of milk examined, a number of 85 samples (34.95%) contained less than 100000 NCS/ml and 87 samples (35.80%) contained between 101000–400000NCS/ml. So 70.78% of the samples were within the legislative frame of EU, the rest of 29.20% overcoming the allowed limits.

The arithmetic average was of 437877/ml, a little increased compared to the data in the scientific literature, 412000NCS/ml-Lombardia 316000NCS/ml-SUA but the heterogeneity of the caws, the differences in the maintaining system, milking, feeding, hygiene in the provenience area of milk, do not allow an objective comparison.

The correlation between the results of the exam for NCS and the results of CMT is not significant, statistically being very reduced, of course on one hand due to the subjective way to appreciate the results CMT. The laboratory equipment Somacount 150 is extremely rapid and precise in determinations, fable, easy to manipulate and to be maintained.
The In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-Proliferative Effect and Induction of Phase II Enzymes by a Mistletoe (Viscum Album ) Extract
Authors: VICAS Simona Ioana , RUGINA Dumitrita , SCONTA Zorita , PINTEA Adela , SOCACIU Carmen
Published: December 2021

The increasing interest for phytochemical antioxidants, found in many medicinal plants, is demonstrated experimentally by epidemiological and in vitro studies which show their positive effects on human health. Mistletoe contains therapeutically active ingredients which incubated with several human cancer cell lines revealed cytotoxicity for the cancer cells, but no evidence is available for their chemoprotective properties. We investigated in vitro the potential of extracts from Viscum album growing on Mallus domestica (VAM) to modulate the activity of phase II detoxifying enzymes using the gluthatione S-transferase (GST) and quinone oxidoreductase (QR) assays and to inhibition of adherent epithelial human ovarian tumor cells A2780 proliferation using the MTT assay. We found that different concentrations of VaM extract had inhibitory effects on the growth of adherent epithelial human ovarian tumor cells A2780 (IC50 = 120.62 µg/ml, after 48 h treatment). Also, this extract is a good antioxidant source (total phenol content of 91.51 mg gallic acid equivalents /g dry weight), having a radical scavenging ability and a reducing potential proportional to the dose used (from 0.312 to 5 mg/ml) in vitro. At 120 µg/ml, this extract increased, significantly, the activity of GST and QR, as well the level of GSH.
The Implications of the Biotechnology for Bioterrorism
Authors: DANCIU Adrian
Published: December 2021

The scourge of modern society – the terrorism, can take different forms, depending on the economic capacity, scientific or logistical capabilities available to the terrorist, either way this event aims to determine strong reactions on material assets or, to the lives of the population. One of the means that terrorists can access, into triggering attacks, are known pathogenic agents, that by altering their stems in order to make them more effective in this respect. To date, there were no cases in which terrorists have used pathogens, triggering attacks on a higher level of efficiency; this fact is also due to the use of inappropriate biological material. Amid scientific advances in biotechnology, but also due to relatively easy access to means and methods developed by science it is increasingly evident that the possibility of accessing such methods or means by terrorists, for the purpose weaponizing pathogens with high levels of efficiency in use - resulting in the perverted effect / unwanted effect of the scientific development, namely its use for achieving / obtaining negative, unwanted, destructive effects - and thus being highlighted the negative side of biotechnology: " the black biotechnology".
Phenolic Derivatives as Authenticity Markers of Traditional Homemade Brandies from Different Counties of Transylvania, Using UV-VIS and HPLC Analysis
Authors: RUSU (COLDEA) Teodora Emilia , SOCACIU Carmen , FETEA Florinela , RANGA Floricuţa , PÂRLOG Raluca
Published: December 2021

There were analyzed 26 homemade samples of fruit distillates (plum, apple and pear brandies) originating from different areas of Romania-Transylvania (Maramureş, Cluj, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Alba and Bihor Counties). We investigated phenolic derivatives as minor components which can be considered authenticity markers. The techniques used were UV-VIS spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) applied to identify and to determine the amounts of phenolic compounds present in these distillates. We determined their specific fingerprint by UV-VIS absorption peaks and found significant qualitative and quantitative differences between plum, apple and pear brandies, and between the plum brandies from different counties. The HPLC method was useful to identify the main phenolic markers, specific for raw materials of distillates. By comparison with standard mixture of phenolics, we could determine quantitatively the major phenolics concentration, namely the gallic and chlorogenic acids. The protocatecuic acid was specific for apple brandy, quercetine was found only in pear brandy, while kaempherol exclusively in plum ţuica. We consider that phenolics’ fingerprint and their concentration in brandies can be used as good authenticity markers to distinguish the type of raw material and the geographical origin.
Antimicrobial Effect of Hop Dosage in Beer
Authors: MUDURA Elena , ROTAR Anca , PAUCEAN Adriana , SALANŢĂ Liana Claudia
Published: December 2021

Hops are used for bitterness and aromatic flavours to beer, however certain compounds also possess antimicrobial properties. The iso-α-acids in particular possess strong antibacterial action against Gram positive bacteria. The experiments were done with four different iso-α-acids concentration and determination of total number of microorganism of wort
Ecoeconomics Aspects of Processing and Marketing of Organic Milk Obtained from Sheep
Authors: MUNTEAN Doina
Published: December 2021

In recent years, increasing food supply on the market for food and agriculture led to radical changes in terms of eating habits of people in Romania but also worldwide. Eating rational, adequate both in terms of quantity and especially quality is a sine qua non of growth and development of a healthy body since childhood (Savu C., , Georgescu N., 2004). Ingested foods are those that provide energy and protein substances necessary for proper growth and functioning of the human body.
Extraction of Polyphenolic Compounds from Grape Pomace
Authors: PAUN Nadia , NICULESCU Violeta
Published: December 2021

Plant polyphenolic compounds have been extensively studied and their antioxidant activity has been identified in several agricultural by- products, such as grape pomace. Grape seed in pomace is a good source of pro-anthocyanidins. Beside the seeds, grape skins in pomace represent a potentially important global source of trans-resveratrol. Trans-resveratrol, as a biologically active compound is one of the secondary plant metabolites, (Balasundram et al., 2006).
Study on Streptomycin Level in Raw Milk
Authors: TIBULCA Dorin , JIMBOREAN Mirela , SALAGEAN Claudiu Dan
Published: December 2021

Streptomycin consists of three components, which are linked together by glycoside bonds, and it belongs to the group of the aminoglycoside antibiotics. Streptomycin is naturally produced by actinobacterium Streptomyces griseus. Therapeutically it is used in the case of streptococcal and enterococcal enteritis. Because of its side effects it is rarely used in human treatment, but has an application in the veterinary area. After the treatment of mastitis in breeding animals, increased values of streptomycin were also recorded in liver, kidney, muscle and milk. Presence of Streptomycins in milk has hygienic and industrial implications. Concerning the industrial aspect the Streptomycin residues are inhibitors for proliferation of the lactic microflora. In terms of hygiene, streptomycin can induce the antibiotic resistance phenomenon
The Republic of Moldova Soil Fertility State in Conditions of Degradation Processes
Authors: LEAH Tamarac
Published: December 2021

The state of soil fertility from Republic of Moldova in the intensification of degradation processes has been presented. Arable soil humus state is the worst in the last 30-35 years. The annual loss of humus from agricultural land cleared from above the level of mineralization of 700 kg/ha and the total deficit, given the erosion losses consists 1100 kg/year. The current state of actual soil fertility is unsatisfactory on the 90% of the land, and about 10% of agricultural land - is critical. Current balance of nutrients in soils is profoundly negative caused by non-application of fertilizers. Developed programs for increasing soil fertility provide scientifically substantiated measures for their implementation on agropedoclimatic zones.
Research Concerning the Biological Category of Seed Potatoes upon Tuberization
Authors: MOLDOVAN Cristina , MORAR Gavrila , TODORAN Firuța
Published: December 2021

The aim of the research conducted in the greenhouse of UASVM, Cluj-Napoca, was to establish the stolonization and tuberization capacity of the seed potato by keeping them in optimum conditions (normally sprauted seed potatoes) and in inappropriate ones (by breaking the sprouts twice until the planting). This research was conducted on the Christian potato variety, the seed potato being of two biological categories: Base Super elite class and certified class B. Hence, the growth dynamics of the plants was determined at 20 and 45 days from plant emergence. Potato tuberization is presented for the two intervals and the total tuber number after 45 days since emergence is considered to be the total tuber number per plant.
Assessment of the Vegetation State of Several Under-exploited Agrostis tenuis - Festuca
Authors: SAMFIRA Ionel , SÄ‚RÄ‚TEANU Veronica , BOLDEA Marius , CUPINA Branko
Published: December 2021

The study of the grassland typeÂ Agrostis tenuis - Festuca rupicola from Valea Bistrei - Otelul Rosu has been necessary due to the great surfaces covered with grasslands from the studied area and due to the social and economic climate characterised by the orientation of the rural community from the adjacent area to agriculture after the failure of the former intensive industry.There have been studied two grassland plots of about 500 hectares, resÂ pectively Gai and ScÄƒrisoara. The purpose of this research is to assess the state of the biodiversity and pastoral value of fourÂ Agrostis tenuis - Festuca rupicolaÂ Â grasslands from the hill area. Also, there has been analysed the floristic composition and a series of ecological indexes, respectively humidity, soil reaction, temperature, light, and nitrogen. Other aspects taken in account were the life-forms spectres. The analysed grasslands are placed on Bistrei Valey, in the perimeter of the locality OÅ£elul Roșu, CarașÂ -Severin County. The researches have been developed during 2010-2012 period. The average elevation level in the studied area is 268 square meters. The soil from the studied area is brown type, with a pH comprised between 4.79 and 5.31. The rainfall amount is about 700 mm and the average temperature is 10 Celsius degrees. The management mode of these grasslands is extensive, the grazing period being 150 days per year. The analysed surfaces are characterised by the lack of the maintenance works, there being present erosion phenomena. The method used for the vegetation analysis is the linear point quadrate method (DagetÂ et Poissonet, 1971), the data being used for the calculation of different ecological indexes and pastoral value. The pastoral value of the species is low in both plots due to the great contribution of the low economical values of the most of the species from the analysed grasslands.
Chemometric Tools for NIRS and NIR Hyperspectral Imaging
Authors: M. DALE Laura , THEWIS André , ROTAR Ioan , FERNANDEZ PIERNA Juan A. , BOUDRY Christelle , VIDICAN Roxana M. , BAETEN Vincent
Published: December 2021

Nowadays in agriculture, new analytical tools based on spectroscopic technologies are developed. Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a well known technology in the agricultural sector allowing the acquisition of chemical information from the samples with a large number of advantages, such as: easy to use tool, fast and simultaneous analysis of several components, non-polluting, noninvasive and non destructive technology, and possibility of online or field implementation. Recently, NIRS system was combined with imaging technologies creating the Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging system (NIR-HSI). This technology provides simultaneously spectral and spatial information from an object. The main differences between NIR-HSI and NIRS is that many spectra can be recorded simultaneously from a large area of an object with the former while with NIRS only one spectrum was recorded for analysis on a small area. In this work, both technologies are presented with special focus on the main spectrum and images analysis methods. Several qualitative and quantitative applications of NIRS and NIR-HSI in agricultural products are listed. Developments of NIRS and NIR-HSI will enhance progress in the field of agriculture by providing high quality and safe agricultural products, better plant and grain selection techniques orÂ compound feed industryâ€™s productivity among others.
Frankliniella Occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) Population Dynamics on
Authors: OLTEAN Ion , COVACI Anca Dafina , FLORIAN Teodora , MATEI Cristina
Published: December 2021

Western flower thrips,Â Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is an important crop pest and a vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in many areas of the world. Its feeding can cause scarring and deformations on leaves and fruit, with seedlings and soft tissue particularly prone to feeding damage. Cucumbers and other vegetable are susceptible to fruit scarring. Population dynamics of western flower thrips was monitored both in field and protected spaces throughout different methods and on different ornamental and vegetables hosts. In this paper results regarding population dynamic on cucumber greenhouse crop are presented. Studies were conducted throughout five weeks. Shaken method was used. Ten leaves from the bottom of the plant, ten from the middle, ten from the tip of the plant and ten flowers were weekly sampled. Mean temperature and treatments applications were recorded. The fallen larvae and adults were counted. Females and males were separately noted. Sex ratio influence and spatial distribution was also followed. Data analysis demonstrated that thrips preferred to feed on younger leaves situated on tip of the plant. There was a very low difference between sex ratio in leaves as compared with the one in flowers. Regarding population dynamics of thrips on whole study period the trend was of increasing, thus treatment application were less efficient and proves its high pesticide resistance character.
História sob encomenda
Authors: Kisil Marino Ian
Published: December 2021

No Brasil, a quantidade de publicações de livros que narram histórias de empresas e instituições privadas tem aumentado nas últimas duas décadas. Essas publicações ilustram parte de como o panorama profissional dos historiadores vem se configurando no país – ao lado da organização de arquivos e centros de memória de empresas, por exemplo. Como a história empresarial sob contrato ascendeu no Brasil? Quais os problemas teóricos envolvidos na sua popularização? Qual o teor das práticas e das narrativas incorporadas nessa literatura histórica feita sob encomenda? Procurando responder a essas questões, revisa-se a formação do campo da história empresarial no Brasil, caracterizando algumas obras publicadas mediante contrato com grandes empresas nacionais, propondo o uso da categoria “história sob encomenda” para melhor qualificar o gênero. Por fim, alinham-se percepções sobre o impacto do neoliberalismo na prática historiográfica contemporânea, como fenômeno de fundo que arremata a ocasião de ascensão com o teor discursivo do gênero no Brasil.
Entre la trascendencia y la inmanencia
Authors: Guerra Sebastián
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se analiza la influencia que tuvo la obra de Vico, particularmente su principio verum ipsum factum, sobre la visión de la historia desarrollada por Voegelin, y el influjo de la visión sobre los mitos del napolitano en las nociones de “conciencia”, “experiencia noética” e “historiogénesis” desarrolladas por el filósofo alemán. El objetivo es observar la influencia explícita e implícita que tuvo Vico en aspectos de la filosofía de la historia desarrollada por Voegelin. Gracias al análisis conceptual, se pudo detectar una influencia directa de la gnoseología viquiana, fundada en el principio verum ipsum factum, así como de la valoración del mito que hizo Vico en la teoría del conocimiento y la consiguiente teoría de la historia desarrolladas por Voegelin.
Eliminating white spots
Authors: Moraes Lana , Carvalho Carlos , Rendeiro Manoel , Gil Tiago
Published: December 2021

This article reflects on the construction of Curt Nimuendajú's “Ethno-historical map”, an exhaustive work that sought to map the native groups of South America. This map was one of the most widely-used representations by researchers since its creation in 1944. The theoretical framework adopted in this paper stresses maps as rhetorical constructs that should be read as texts. The article also discusses the limits and possibilities of a visual vocabulary to understand explicit and implicit theoretical and methodological decisions in cartography. Digital cartography will be employed to bring out the differences between what the author of the project intended and what was presented in the "Ethno-historical map".  The text starts with a description of the work and its most evident options, showing a relative selectivity in Nimuendajú's choices. In the last part, technical procedures will be abandoned to interpret the results considering the new critical cartography and ethno-geography positions.