bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health benefits of reduced deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: Damm Yannic , Börner Jan , Gerber Nicolas , Soares-Filho Britaldo
Published: November 2024

The conversion of tropical forests in the Amazon region for agriculture and other land uses is associated with health risks linked, for example, to air and water pollution from forest fires and agrochemical use. Several conservation policies introduced in the 2000s aimed at reducing deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Here we exploit variations in the regional targeting of these policies to measure human health externalities of conservation policy enforcement using a double-difference approach at close distance to the Amazon biome border. We find that the change in deforestation pressure reduces forest fire incidence. As a consequence, fine particulate matter concentrations in the air—a main vector for adverse health effects of fire smoke—also decrease. This leads to a reduction in the hospitalization and death prevalence rate due to respiratory health problems and other health benefits for the local population.
A compact X-ray source via fast microparticle streams
Authors: Behling Rolf , Hulme Christopher , Poludniowski Gavin , Tolias Panagiotis , Danielsson Mats
Published: November 2024

The spatiotemporal resolution of diagnostic X-ray images is limited by the erosion and rupture of conventional stationary and rotating anodes of X-ray tubes from extreme density of input power and thermal cycling of the anode material. Conversely, detector technology has developed rapidly. Finer detector pixels demand improved output from brilliant keV-type X-ray sources with smaller X-ray focal spots than today and would be available to improve the efficacy of medical imaging. In addition, novel cancer therapy demands for greatly improved output from X-ray sources. However, since its advent in 1929, the technology of high-output compact X-ray tubes has relied upon focused electrons hitting a spinning rigid rotating anode; a technology that, despite of substantial investment in material technology, has become the primary bottleneck of further improvement. In the current study, an alternative target concept employing a stream of fast discrete metallic microparticles that intersect with the electron beam is explored by simulations that cover the most critical uncertainties. The concept is expected to have far-reaching impact in diagnostic imaging, radiation cancer therapy and non-destructive testing. We outline technical implementations that may become the basis of future X-ray source developments based on the suggested paradigm shift.
NMR of soft matter systems
Authors: Wallace Matthew
Published: November 2024

This chapter summarises recent advances and applications of solid-state, solution-state and gel-state NMR techniques to study soft matter systems. Original research articles published between March 2023 and March 2024 are discussed that cover surfactants, liquid crystals, polymer solutions, gels and other soft matter systems. Each section of the review focuses on a different NMR technique, including 1D and 2D solution-state experiments, 2H NMR, nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and saturation transfer difference (STD) experiments, pulsed-field gradient (diffusion) NMR, relaxation measurements, experiments on quadrupolar counterions and solid-state NMR.
NMR in living systems
Authors: Prior M. J. W.
Published: November 2024

This chapter reviews studies published during the period of May 2023 to April 2024 that have applied magnetic resonance spectroscopy to investigate processes occurring in living systems. In Section 1, new hardware, acquisition methods and analytical processes that are applicable to in vivo investigations are presented. Studies in pre-clinical models and the clinical environment are surveyed in Sections 2 and 3, respectively. The review in both these two sections is subdivided into physiological categories, with each of these sub-divided according to the category of disease or the type of metabolic investigation.
Integration of a Raman spectroscopic platform based on online sampling to monitor chemical reaction processes
Authors: Wang Jin , Yang Wuye , Su Meng , Deng Huipeng , Du Yiping
Published: November 2024

An online monitoring platform based on Raman spectroscopy is integrated, using PFA tubes instead of cuvette-type flow cells or similar devices. The operation of the peristaltic pump is controlled by sampling software to realize automatic sampling.
Advanced analytical methods for multi-spectral transmission imaging optimization: enhancing breast tissue heterogeneity detection and tumor screening with hybrid image processing and deep learning
Authors: Liu Fulong , Li Gang , Wang Junqi
Published: November 2024

This paper combines SPM, M_D-FA, and DLNM to improve multi-spectral image quality and classify heterogeneities. Results show significant accuracy enhancements, achieving 95.47% with VGG19 and 98.47% with ResNet101 in breast tumor screening.
Compartmentalised single-chain nanoparticles and their function
Authors: Thümmler Justus F. , Binder Wolfgang H.
Published: November 2024

This review focuses on the latest developments of single-chain nanoparticles bearing internal compartments (sized ∼1 nm), comparable to proteins and enzymes. We focus on the synthesis, detailed analyses and applications of such compartments.
Efficient synthesis of porous triazine-based macrocycles with 22-carbon and 6-nitrogen ring atoms and their adsorption/desorption of non-volatile organic compounds
Authors: Gu Zi-Ting , Chen Hao-Chin , Yang Jin-Peng , Hsu Hsiu-Fu , Kuo Ting-shen , Lai Long-Li
Published: November 2024

Porous macrocycle 2b was observed to adsorb bisphenol A, sulfamethoxazole, sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene laural ether from aqueous media in ∼0.07–0.54 equivalents. The adsorbed guests can be easily removed from 2b by simple extraction.
Ionic liquid-assisted sustainable preparation of photo-catalytically active nanomaterials and their composites with 2D materials
Authors: Sharma Kanica , Kang Tejwant Singh
Published: November 2024

This feature article highlights the contribution of ionic liquids, as better alternatives to conventional solvating and templating media, in the sustainable synthesis of anisotropic and photo-catalytically active nanoparticles and their composites.
Electroreduction of CO2 and nitrate for urea synthesis on a low-coordinated copper catalyst
Authors: Guo Peng , Wang Xindong , Wang Yufei , Luo Yanwei , Chu Ke
Published: November 2024

Low-coordinated copper is explored as an effective catalyst for electroreduction of CO2 and NO3− to urea (ECNU), due to the synergistic effect of common Cu sites and low-coordinated Cu sites to promote C–N coupling.
Carbon dots boost nitrate-to-ammonia conversion via hydrogen evolution control in CDs/Ag nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Chan , Zhuo Huan , Zhang Wenchao , Xiang Dongliang , Hao Jiace , Song Qijun , Zhu Han
Published: November 2024

The developed CDs/Ag nanocomposite demonstrates exceptional performance in the electrocatalytic NO3RR, achieving a remarkable NH3 FE of 98.48% and an ammonia yield rate of 198.12 μmol h−1 cm−2 at −0.93 V vs. RHE.
Template-directed crystallization of carbamazepine form II from palmitic acid melt – a key to understand mechanically-induced polymorphism of carbamazepine
Authors: Losev Evgeniy A. , Zheltikova Daria Ya. , Drebushchak Valeri A. , Boldyreva Elena V.
Published: November 2024

The metastable polymorph of carbamazepine (form II) could be obtained as thin needle crystals during template-induced recrystallization from a carbamazepine (stable form III) crystal in the palmitic acid melt.
Neutral nickel complexes with tetradentate N-heterocyclic carbene amidate ligands for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Si Si , Song Wenxun , Chen Jie , Zhang Weimin , Ji Wenhua , Nam Wonwoo , Wang Bin
Published: November 2024

Nickel complexes bearing tetradentate N-heterocyclic carbene amidate ligands were prepared and investigated in electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.
Reduction of hexavalent chromium by compost-derived dissolved organic matter
Authors: Miao Chuanghe , Rong Hui , Wei Xiaoqing , Shang Jianying , Zhou Hu , Lv Yizhong
Published: November 2024

pH could affect the accessibility of organic molecules to Cr(vi) and thus influence Cr(vi) reduction.
Pulsed laser deposition of delafossite oxide thin films on YSZ (001) substrates as solar water splitting photocathodes
Authors: Zhou Chenyu , Banerjee Atiya , Fornero Esteban Luis , Xi Zhaoyi , Tong Xiao , Stavitski Eli , Qu Xiaohui , Mason Sara E. , Stacchiola Dario J. , Liu Mingzhao
Published: November 2024

Delafossite-phase CuAlO2 and CuFeO2 thin film photocathodes were developed for solar water splitting, with CuFeO2 showing higher efficiency due to improved light absorption.
Highly selective capture of palladium from acidic solution by sulfur-functionalized porous carbon microspheres: performance and mechanism
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Liang Ruiwen , Kou Lanchao , Cao Xiukun , Chen Dezhi
Published: November 2024

The sulfur-functionalized porous carbon microspheres provide a feasible and low-cost strategy for the selective recovery of Pd from highly acidic wastewater.
A medicine-inspired hydroxyl-rich equimolar ZnSO4/d-mannitol electrolyte enables horizontally stacked Zn deposition for long-cycling aqueous batteries
Authors: Xiao Jin , Yuan Chenbo , Liu Cong , Sun Ximei , Cheng Bing , Huang Zitong , Zhan Xiaowen , Zhu Lingyun
Published: November 2024

The present work incorporates 1 M d-mannitol (MNT) at an equimolar concentration into the conventional 1 M ZnSO4 aqueous electrolyte inspired by the high osmotic dehydration effect in medicine to improve the electrochemical performance of AZMBs.
Tailored cerium phosphate/silica hybrid epoxy for enhanced corrosion protective coating
Authors: Jayakumar Nithyaa , Gopalan Nishanth Karimbintherikkal
Published: November 2024

The current study focuses on finding a reliable, inexpensive and healable approach by modifying conventional silica particles to prevent steel in saline media.
High-strength 3D printed poly(lactic acid) composites reinforced by shear-aligned polymer-grafted cellulose nanofibrils
Authors: Kelly Peter V. , Shams Es-haghi S. , Ahmad Ahmad A. L. , Lamm Meghan E. , Copenhaver Katie , Alyamac-Seydibeyoglu Elif , Ozcan Soydan , Gardner Douglas J. , Gramlich William M.
Published: November 2024

This work demonstrates the application of pilot-scale surface functionalization of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) by aqueous grafting-through polymerization and subsequent spray drying in 3D printed poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites.
Poultry waste derived in situ drug loaded nano-hydroxyapatite bio-ceramic material for osteomyelitis treatment: in vitro drug release and biocompatibility studies
Authors: Bin Mobarak Mashrafi , Chowdhury Fariha , Uddin Md. Najem , Hossain Md. Sahadat , Akhtar Umme Sarmeen , Tanvir Nazmul Islam , Shaikh Md Aftab Ali , Ahmed Samina
Published: November 2024

In situ ciprofloxacin loading on waste chicken eggshell derived hydroxyapatite: in vitro release and biocompatibility study for osteomyelitis treatment.
A novel synthesis of inorganic–organic nanohybrid based on SiW11Co@Cu–BTC/MWCNTs-COOH for electrocatalytic oxidation of dopamine
Authors: Sadeghi Zahra , Dianat Somayeh
Published: November 2024

Electro-oxidation of dopamine at the SiW11Co@Cu–BTC/MWCNTs-COOH/GCE at the micromolar level.
Improvement of hydrophilicity and optical nonlinearity in a Te/In2Se3 bilayer heterostructure film by annealing at different temperatures for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Supriya S. , Das S. , Alagarasan D. , Naik R.
Published: November 2024

The thermal annealing-induced structural, optical, morphological, electrical, and surface wettability changes in Te/In2Se3 bilayer thin films at different annealing temperatures for useful optoelectronic applications.
Supramolecular charge transfer adducts of rare earth 3,5-dinitrobenzoates and diaminodurene: a new approach to increasing spin density in lanthanide complexes
Authors: Koroteev Pavel S. , Ilyukhin Andrey B. , Minin Vadim V. , Dobrokhotova Zhanna V. , Breslavskaya Natalia N. , Timokhina Elena N. , Ugolkova Elena A. , Baldansuren Amgalanbaatar , Tuna Floriana , Efimov Nikolay N.
Published: November 2024

Supramolecular complexes formed of Ln 3,5-dinitrobenzoates and diaminodurene are obtained, their paramagnetism caused by charge transfer is characterized.
Investigating the mechanism of Qifu Yin in ameliorating memory disorders through pseudo-targeted lipidomics
Authors: Zhao Fuxia , Wang Jing , Wu Minjun , Fan Jiaqi , Liu Shiqi , Deng Fanying , Wang Shihui , Cheng Yangang , Wang Yan
Published: November 2024

Network pharmacology, experimental verification, and lipidomics analysis found that the effect of QFY on MD rats may be related to the regulation of the calcium signaling pathway and the improvement of lipid metabolism disorders.
Facile control of giant green-emission in multifunctional ZnO quantum dots produced in a single-step process: femtosecond pulse ablation
Authors: Sahoo Anubhab , Dixit Tejendra , Kumari Anshu , Gupta Sharad , Kothandaraman R. , Rajeev P. P. , Rao M. S. Ramachandra , Krishnan Sivarama
Published: November 2024

Tuning the surface layer of femtosecond (fs) laser-ablated ZnO quantum dots (QDs) controls UV and visible emissions. This tuning is influenced by laser variables including pulse width and energy, which influence emission properties.
NDI-BODIPY-graphene oxide nanosized photocatalysts for LED irradiated organic synthesis
Authors: Eserci Gürbüz Hande , Öztürk Gündüz Ezel , Büyükpolat Ümmügülsüm , Okutan Elif
Published: November 2024

New NDI-BODIPY-based molecules and their graphene oxide-based nanocomposites were prepared to be used as effective triplet photosensitizers for photocatalytic applications.
Gamma-rays induced strong coupling between Ru nanoparticles and cobalt-based metal–organic framework nanolayers for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution
Authors: Hu Mengyu , Yu Hanzhi , Chen Chong , Zhang Yukun , Hu Changjiang , Ma Jun
Published: November 2024

Ru@Co MOLs are synthesized via a gamma-ray irradiation-induced reduction reaction, exhibiting remarkable performance as a bifunctional catalyst for methanol oxidation and hydrogen evolution.
In situ fabrication of self-filtered near-infrared Ti3C2Tx/n-Si Schottky-barrier photodiodes for a continuous non-invasive photoplethysmographic system
Authors: Wang Chen , Xia Yu , Duan Wenli , Yu Yongqiang , Yang Qingyan , Jie Jianyong , Zhang Xiujuan , Jie Jiansheng
Published: November 2024

In situ fabrication of a Ti3C2Tx/n-Si Schottky-barrier photodiode was achieved by post-etching treatment of a PLD-Ti3AlC2 film. The unique self-filtered NIR photoresponse behavior of the device enables accurate detection of physiological parameters.
Metal oxide plating for maximizing the performance of ruthenium(iv) oxide-catalyzed electrochemical oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Naya Shin-ichi , Nagamitsu Mio , Sugime Hisashi , Soejima Tetsuro , Tada Hiroaki
Published: November 2024

TiO2 nanowire array anode coated by a uniform single-crystalline RuO2 film with a thickness of ∼2.5 nm produced O2 from water with an efficiency of ∼100% and a mass specific activity of 341 A gcat−1 at 1.50 V (vs. RHE).
Nanomaterials for spin-based quantum information
Authors: Ding Pengbo , Chen Dezhang , Ko Pui Kei , Qammar Memoona , Geng Pai , Guo Liang , Halpert Jonathan E.
Published: November 2024

0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials for quantum information application, showcasing their dimensional advantages in coherence, scalability, and efficient qubit manipulation.
Azide–alkyne cycloaddition for polydimethylsiloxane chemistry
Authors: Bezlepkina Kseniya A. , Milenin Sergey A. , Muzafarov Aziz M.
Published: November 2024

The review includes the section “Preparation of azido- and ethynyl-containing PDMS” and the section “Azide–alkyne cycloaddition with PDMS”, consisting of AAC in a catalytic version and AAC in a non-catalytic version.
Steric effect-induced modulation of crystallographic symmetry: implementing ferroelasticity in molecular ferroelectrics
Authors: Yao Jie , Feng Zi-Jie , Hu Jin-Qi , Du Guo-Wei , Xiong Yu-An , Ji Hao-Ran , Sha Tai-Ting , Zhang Xiangzhi , Jing Zheng-Yin , Pan Qiang , Hu Huihui , You Yu-Meng
Published: November 2024

This article presents the design of a compound with dual ferroic phase transitions through cation modification, offering an ideal platform for a deeper understanding of ferroic properties and their independent control.
Chiral 0D hybrid lead-bromide perovskites with strong nonlinear chiroptical properties
Authors: Yang Huan , Sun Bing , Guan Junjie , Wu Shun-Da , Wang Peihan , Wang Qiang , Xu Jialiang , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: November 2024

A 0D Pb–Br hybrid perovskite is synthesized and exhibits strong nonlinear chiroptical properties. The anisotropy factor of second-harmonic generation circular dichroism reaches 1.58, which is the highest value among the reported chiral perovskites.
Thermochemical synthesis of Mo nano/microspheres: growth kinetics, electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution, and DFT insights
Authors: Nersisyan Hayk , Jeong Junmo , Suh Hoyoung , Lee Jong Hyeon
Published: November 2024

A low-temperature synthesis method produced Mo nano-/microspheres with high HER catalytic performance. DFT analysis reveals adsorption Gibbs free energy for Mo (001), (110), (211) surfaces and charge density plots for pure Mo and Mo–O surfaces.
Chiral CpxRhIII-catalyzed enantioselective C–H annulation to access fused tricyclic sulfur-stereogenic and medium-sized aza-heterocycles
Authors: Xiong Yuping , Suleman Muhammad , Xu Shujuan , Chen Zhiyuan
Published: November 2024

Chiral CpxRh-catalyzed enantioselective sp2 C–H bond activation/annulation reactions give S-stereogenic poly-heterocyclic sulfoximines in up to 99% ee. The tricyclic products can be converted into 10-membered S-stereogenic products upon oxidation.
Hierarchical supramolecular assembly based on metal coordination of asymmetric ligand pairs and host–guest recognition
Authors: Li Hui , Dong Yan , Li RiQiang , Zhang Yan , Liu Shengyong , Tian Wei
Published: November 2024

The preparation of multiple supramolecular polymers based on hierarchical supramolecular assembly of asymmetric metal coordination and host–guest recognition is reported.
Synergistic removal mechanism of tetracycline by ethylenediamine modified magnetic chitosan based Fenton-like catalyst
Authors: Liu Yuankun , Guo Xiaotian , Zhao Liyuan , Duan Wenqi , Huang Yeqian , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: November 2024

Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (EMMCS-G) were successfully prepared and modified with glutaraldehyde and ethylenediamine. These nanoparticles serve as an effective Fenton catalyst for the efficient removal of tetracycline.
Hydroxyapatite supported molybdenum oxide catalyst for selective dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to cyclohexene: studies of dispersibility and chemical environment
Authors: Zheng Mingxiao , Zhou Feng , Ma Huixia , Song Xuefeng , Wu Guang
Published: November 2024

Highly dispersed MoOx/HAP catalyst shows high selectivity towards cyclohexene.
Ag–Co ferrite-based magnetic polymeric composite film: a breakthrough in cationic dye remediation for sustainable environment
Authors: Tabassum Nafisa , Anjum Raamisa , Haque Papia , Hossain Md. Sahadat , Mobarak Mashrafi Bin , Quddus Md. Saiful , Chowdhury Fariha , Rahman Lutfor , Islam Dipa , Ahmed Samina , Mahmud Monika
Published: November 2024

The deployment of magnetically responsive and polymeric materials to remove dyes that are hazardous in aquatic environments has profoundly revolutionized environmental sustainability.
Preparation of a lithium–sulfur battery diaphragm catalyst and its battery performance
Authors: Ren Jiayi , Zhao Qihao
Published: November 2024

The B–ZnS/CoS2@CS catalyst effectively inhibits the diffusion of LiPS anions by utilizing additional lone-pair electrons.
Synthesis of highly activated polybenzene-grafted carbon nanoparticles for supercapacitors assisted by solution plasma
Authors: Phan Quoc Phu , Tran Thi Cam Linh , Tran Thanh Tung , La Thi Thai Ha , Cao Xuan Viet , Luu Tuan Anh , Luong Thi Quynh Anh
Published: November 2024

This study introduces a novel synthesis method that combines the solution plasma process (SPP) with subsequent heating and drying to produce highly activated polybenzene-grafted carbon nanoparticles intended for supercapacitor applications.
Theoretical investigation of ozone adsorption on metal free element doped boron nitride monolayers
Authors: Wang Zara , Luo Xuan
Published: November 2024

This work explores ozone adsorption on carbon, phosphorus, silicon, and oxygen doped boron nitride. Results show that silicon doped BN yields the strongest result with chemisorption of ozone. Phosphorus doped BN also shows promising results.
Dual spin nodal box structure in ternary ferromagnet K3NiCl6 with broad topological surface states
Authors: Li Yang
Published: November 2024

In recent years, there has been a discernible shift in research focus towards investigating the intricate interplay between topological states and intrinsic magnetic orders within the realm of condensed matter physics.
Selectively electrolyzing CO2 to ethylene by a Cu–Cu2O/rGO catalyst derived from copper hydroxide nanostrands/graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Peng Chenxiang , Yao Bing , Wang Lei , Wan Xinyi
Published: November 2024

A Cu–Cu2O/rGO catalyst was prepared via an in situ electrochemical reduction process. It demonstrated high selectivity and stable Faraday efficiency for electrolyzing CO2 to C2H4 owing to the synergistic effect of Cu–Cu+ pairs and rGO.
Monitoring electrophilic intermediates in reactions of thiols in aqueous solution directly with 19F NMR
Authors: Saraev Dmitry D. , Pratt Derek A.
Published: November 2024

A water-soluble fluorinated triptycene backbone enables direct monitoring of generally unobservable intermediates arising in the reactions of thiols with oxidants such as H2O2, HOCl and 1O2.
Ligand-controlled palladium-catalyzed regiodivergent aminocarbonylation of tert-alcohols
Authors: Gu Xing-Wei , Zhao Yan-Hua , Wu Xiao-Feng
Published: November 2024

A robust ligand-controlled regioselective aminocarbonylation of tert-alcohols has been develope.
Non-woven pitch-based carbon fiber electrodes for low-cost redox flow battery
Authors: Williams Abena A. , Kanhere Sagar V. , Ogale Amod A. , Roberts Mark E.
Published: November 2024

The low-cost and sustainable non-woven carbon fibers produced from petroleum pitch using a melt-blowing process are shown to be an ideal alternative to expensive polyacrylonitrile-based carbon felt electrode material for redox flow batteries.
Self-assembly of active bifunctional Brownian particles
Authors: Landi Caterina , Russo John , Sciortino Francesco , Valeriani Chantal
Published: November 2024

In this work, with the intent of exploring the out-of-equilibrium polymerization of active patchy particles in linear chains, we study a suspension of active bifunctional Brownian particles (ABBPs).
Synthesis of N-formamides via oxidative carbonylation of amines with paraformaldehyde over a CoNC catalyst
Authors: Wang Longfei , Hu Yuanyuan , Pu Qingqing , Yao Yongqiang , Zhang Hao , Guo Yong , Li Yongsheng , Dai Bin , Ke Zhengang
Published: November 2024

A green route for the synthesis of N-formamides was reported via the oxidative carbonylation of amines with paraformaldehyde over a non-noble metal CoNC-700 catalyst. This reaction is generally realized using noble metal Au, Ir and Ag catalysts.
Strip electrodes: a novel, effective and minimally invasive therapeutic option for correcting DNS via electromechanical reshaping
Authors: Jahankir Mohamed Jameer Basha , Ramesh Harisharan , Chakaravarthi Thilak , Agarwal Ajay , Goyal Amit , Balachander Gowri Manohari
Published: November 2024

Novel strip electrode-based electromechanical reshaping of cartilage showing safe and efficient reshaping compared to flat electrodes.
Enhanced optical anisotropy of six-coordinated silica polymorphs via high-pressure hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Li Junwei , Li Yanqiang , Huang Weiqi , Ishii Takayuki , Lin Yanhao , Yue Binbin , Zhao Sangen , Hu Qingyang
Published: November 2024

Pressure-induced structural phase transition offers a promising alternative to boost the optical anisotropy of birefringent materials.
Length-dependent thermopower of self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiolates depends on direction of temperature gradient
Authors: Mthembu C. Lungani , Chiechi Ryan C.
Published: November 2024

Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols on gold are often used as a benchmark for molecular junctions, particularly as a reference for length-dependence.
Low-temperature liquid-crystalline nitroxide radical
Authors: Uchida Yoshiaki , Akita Takuya , Ohkochi Takuo , Ma Xiao-Qian , Kiyohara Daichi , Nakagami Sho , Yamazaki Taira , Nishiyama Norikazu
Published: November 2024

A design strategy based on the conformational distribution gave a low-temperature liquid-crystalline nitroxide radical. Its tractability and chemical durability will make it a standard paramagnetic liquid-crystalline material.
Stronger Together: A Qualitative Exploration of Social Connectedness in Parkinson's Disease in the Digital Era
Authors: Moya-Galé Gemma , Ahson Sarah , Gyawali Sneha , Lee Christina , O'Riordan Claire , Rossi Lily
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Social isolation is a common consequence of Parkinson's disease (PD), and social prescribing has become a crucial aspect for fostering well-being in this population. In fact, group work has been shown to improve levels of social connectedness in older adults across different domains. Increased technology use in older adults may also contribute to increased social connections, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Still, the impact of digital use on social connectedness remains to be further explored in individuals with PD. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of social connectedness in relation with group-based activities and use of digital technologies in this population.

Method:

Ten individuals with PD participated in focus groups. Transcripts of the video-recorded groups were analyzed qualitatively using thematic analysis.

Results:

The three constructed themes not only revealed changes and challenges in social connectedness but also underscored the power of family and new relationships established through PD. Results also highlighted the overall positive impact of current digital technologies, although the view on telehealth per se was multifaceted.

Conclusions:

Referrals for group rehabilitation programs can enhance social connectedness in individuals with PD through fostering new social connections and community building. Hence, group rehabilitation programs should be viewed as a form of social prescribing. The use of digital technologies should be further explored as a means to maximize social engagements in this population.
Progression of Motor Speech Function in Speakers With Primary Progressive Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Meade Gabriela , Pham Nha Trang Thu , Clark Heather M. , Duffy Joseph R. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. , Utianski Rene L.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Speakers with primary progressive apraxia of speech (PPAOS) have an insidious onset of motor speech planning/programming difficulties. As the disease progresses, the apraxia of speech (AOS) becomes more severe and a co-occurring dysarthria often emerges. Here, longitudinal data from speakers with phonetic- and prosodic-predominant PPAOS are used to characterize the progression of their motor speech impairment, including the development of dysarthria and mutism.

Method:

Data are presented from 52 speakers who had PPAOS at enrollment (i.e., progressive AOS in the absence of aphasia, cognitive, or other neurologic symptoms). Twenty-one had predominantly phonetic features, whereas 31 had primarily prosodic features. All participants underwent a comprehensive motor speech evaluation at their enrollment visit and each annual return visit, with a median of three visits per participant.

Results:

Almost 25% of the speakers with PPAOS presented with dysarthria at their enrollment visit (median disease duration of 3.65 years), whereas more than 70% of them had developed dysarthria by their last visit (median disease duration of 6.85 years). Neither the likelihood to develop dysarthria nor the disease duration at which it was detected differed significantly between the phonetic and prosodic groups. However, muteness emerged sooner for speakers with phonetic-predominant PPAOS; the median disease duration at which they became mute was 1.5 years shorter than for their prosodic counterparts.

Conclusions:

Clinically, these results facilitate more accurate prognostication of motor speech symptoms in speakers with PPAOS, allowing for timely introduction of alternative means of communication. The results also support the differentiation between progressive AOS and dysarthria as distinct motor speech disorders that often co-occur in these individuals.
Praise and Language Intervention: Is “Good Job” Helping Us Do a Good Job? A Tutorial
Authors: Benson-Goldberg Sofia , Erickson Karen A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Speech-language pathologists often use praise during intervention to encourage children and manage behaviors. Praise is often believed to promote improved performance. Unfortunately, it is unlikely that praise leads to improved performance, especially during language intervention provided during therapy sessions. Given the widespread use of praise, it is important for speech-language pathologists to understand the forms and functions of praise, as well as the potential impacts of praise on language learning outcomes. The purpose of this tutorial is to encourage speech-language pathologists to reflect upon and critique their own use of praise in language learning interventions.

Method:

The forms and functions of praise are reviewed, followed by a discussion of the role of praise in language interventions. Alternatives to praise are discussed.

Conclusion:

This tutorial provides a comprehensive review of the forms and functions of praise and offers speech-language pathologists alternatives that are more likely to improve language learning outcomes.
Self‐similar traffic prediction for LEO satellite networks based on LSTM
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Yong , Cao Haotong , Hu Yihua , Lin Zhi , An Kang , Li Dong
Published: November 2024

Traffic prediction serves as a critical foundation for traffic balancing and resource management in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, ultimately enhancing the efficiency of data transmission. The self‐similarity of traffic sequences stands as a key indicator for accurate traffic prediction. In this article, the self‐similarity of satellite traffic data was first analyzed, followed by the construction of a satellite traffic prediction model based on an improved Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM). An early stopping mechanism was incorporated to prevent overfitting during the model training process. Subsequently, the Diebold‐Mariano (DM) test method was applied to assess the significance of the prediction effect between the proposed model and the comparison model. The experimental results demonstrated that the improved LSTM satellite traffic prediction model achieved the best prediction performance, with Root Mean Squared Error values of 18.351 and 8.828 on the two traffic datasets, respectively. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the DM test compared to the other models, providing a solid basis for subsequent satellite traffic planning.
Plane wave diffraction by a semi‐infinite parallel‐plate waveguide with partial material loading: The case of H polarisation
Authors: Zhang Tong , Kobayashi Kazuya
Published: November 2024

The analysis of diffraction by a semi‐infinite parallel‐plate waveguide with partial material loading is rigorously carried out using the Wiener–Hopf technique for the H‐polarised plane wave incidence. In solving the Wiener–Hopf equations, the authors apply the Modified Residue Calculus Technique (MRCT) to achieve highly accurate solutions. The scattered field in real space is explicitly derived by performing the inverse Fourier transform of the solution in the transform domain. Within the waveguide, the scattered field is represented in terms of the waveguide TM modes, while the external field is asymptotically evaluated by applying the saddle‐point method to yield a far field expression. The authors present representative numerical examples of the radar cross section for various physical parameters and discuss the far‐field scattering characteristics in detail. Comparisons with the E‐polarisation are also given.
CBAS: An International Platform of Digital Technologies Facilitating Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Guo Huadong , Liang Dong
Published: November 2024

The Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched the Big Earth Data Science Engineering Program (CASEarth) in 2018, which laid the foundation for the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (CBAS). Building on CASEarth’s achievements, CBAS integrates advanced digital technologies to advance the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) through five key missions: (1) developing SDG data infrastructure and information products via its SDG Big Data Platform, utilizing advanced computing, cloud services, and AI; (2) developing and launching a series of SDG satellites, including SDGSAT-1, which provides crucial Earth observation data through its Open Science Program; (3) providing new knowledge for SDG monitoring and evaluation through annual reports (Big Earth Data in Support of the Sustainable Development Goals, published since 2019) and guiding the development of big data-driven technical solutions and theoretical systems; (4) establishing a think tank for science, technology, and innovation, promoting SDGs through initiatives like the annual International Forum on Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (FBAS) and the CBAS Fellowship Program; and (5) providing capacity development for SDGs in developing countries through international collaborations, such as the Digital Belt and Road Program (DBAR), which offers professional education and training in big data. Future CBAS efforts will focus on expanding data access, enhancing AI capabilities for SDG indicator monitoring, and strengthening international partnerships to address data gaps and ensure equitable access to technology and expertise for achieving global sustainability.
Bohai Granary: Harnessing the Saline-Alkali Lands
Authors: Liu Xiaojing
Published: November 2024

Agriculture forms the backbone of a nation, and food security is essential for social stability and sustainable economic growth. In China, ensuring adequate food production is not only critical for national well-being but also a strategic priority for maintaining self-sufficiency. To enhance food security, two key approaches are increasing yields from the existing agricultural lands and improving the productivity of low- and medium-yield farmland. One of China’s major underutilized resources is its extensive saline-alkali lands, which, despite historically low productivity due to poor soil conditions and scarce freshwater resources, hold immense potential for boosting grain output. Recognizing this, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST), initiated the “Bohai Granary Scientific and Technological Demonstration Project” (Bohai Granary Project for short) in partnership with three provinces and one municipality— Hebei, Shandong, Liaoning, and Tianjin. This project represents a landmark effort to rehabilitate saline-alkali lands and transform them into highly productive grain-producing regions, thereby contributing significantly to China’s food security strategy. In this article, the author revisits the key milestones, technological breakthroughs, and outlook on the future potential of this project.
Safeguarding the “Black Soil Granary”: Innovations in Soil Conservation and Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Jiang Ming , Jia Zhongjun , Wen Ya , Xu Hang , Wang Hongsheng , Zeng Yan , Li Lujun , Cui Mingxing , Li He , Zhang Jiabao
Published: November 2024

The black soil of northeast China is a “ballast stone” of the nation’s food security and a crucial asset for regional ecological stability. However, it faces severe degradation due to long-term, high-intensity cultivation and soil erosion. To address this issue, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with the three northeastern provinces and Inner Mongolia, launched the “Black Soil Granary” campaign in March 2021. This initiative has achieved phased progress in basic theoretical research, key technology development, equipment fabrication, and technology demonstration. As the campaign continues, innovative technologies, including region-specific models for controlling black soil degradation, methods to enhance both soil health and productivity, and breakthroughs in smart agriculture, are playing a key role in protecting and sustainably utilizing black soils, thus providing strong scientific support for national food security.
Unveiling the Secrets of Life—IOZ’s Explorations and Contributions
Authors: Qiao Gexia
Published: November 2024

With a history of 96 years, the Institute of Zoology (IOZ) is one of the oldest scientific research institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Since its establishment, IOZ has consistently served the national strategy and pursued the forefront of science. Since 1978 when China implemented a reform and opening up policy, especially over the past two decades, IOZ has achieved a series of world-leading science and technology achievements, deepening our understanding of mechanisms of cell programming and reprogramming, reproductive and developmental regulation, stem cell and regenerative medicine, integrated management of pest insects and rodents, endangered mechanisms and conservation of species, and animal taxonomy and evolution. In the future, IOZ will strive to seize the science highland by optimizing the layout of its disciplinary development, attracting and fostering talents, and constructing world-class research facilities and platforms, aiming to be a leading institution for the continuous innovation and development of life science both in China and the world.
Development of methods for reducing feed costs when growing young goats
Authors: Golovan Valentin T. , Yurin Denis A. , Osepchuk Denis V. , Machneva Nadezhda L.
Published: November 2024

Research was conducted to improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of growing young goats in the first three months of life by using cheaper whole milk replacers (WMR) and sprouted cereals with increased biological value in the diet. The work was carried out on kids of the Saanen dairy breed, during the suckling period, in the first three months of life in the peasant farm of M.V. Myakotin and in the private farm of V.N. Kosenko. For germination, we used grain of the Bezostaya-1 wheat variety and the Moskovsky 21 barley variety. The seed germination was 98%. The kids of the two groups received the same amount of roughage (hay) and succulent feed from birth to three months of age. The first group received 64 kg of whole goat milk for the entire period and 14.3 kg of compound feed. The second group received 13.74 kg of dry whole milk replacer, 7.15 kg of compound feed, and 28.6 kg of wheat and barley sprouts. When the goats of the first group were raised on milk and the second group on milk replacer and sprouts up to three months of age, the live weight at three months of age was 11.40±0.06 kg, and the second group - 12.06±0.10 kg, i.e. significantly more by 0.56 kg or 4.9% (P<0.001). The cost of feed required to raise one goat raised on milk is 10,014.9 rubles, and for those raised on milk replacer with the addition of grain sprouts - 3,228.2 rubles, which is 3.1 times cheaper.
Problems and prospects for the efficient use of the region's forage resources
Authors: Gusev Andrey
Published: November 2024

The modern livestock faces the task to optimize feed rations, on which productivity growth directly depends. Russia continues to maintain a stable trend associated with a reduction in the livestock population, so the growth of production should be ensured mainly by intensive factors, namely productivity, the increase of which is achieved through proper and balanced feeding. An extensive livestock reproduction by expanding its population is quite acceptable and effective in Russia with its large territory and various agricultural lands (arable lands, hayfields, pastures). Small-scale farming should also be actively involved in livestock production by providing with targeted state support and preferences. In the region under study, productivity growth is achieved primarily through feed improvement and optimization. Research shows that the growth rate of livestock productivity outpaces the growth rate of feed consumption, which means that the current feed is acceptable, but requires some adjustment. The region is focused on the concentrate animal feeding. The desire to increase the proportion of concentrates in the feed is dictated by the need to ensure accelerated rates of productivity growth, but its increase does not always give the desired effect, so it is necessary to replace them with succulent feed, silage, hay, herbage.
Influence of sub-clinical mastitis on milk quality in cows
Authors: Fedotov Sergey V. , Belozertseva Natalya S. , Latynina Evgeniia S. , Akchurin Sergey V.
Published: November 2024

Abstract. All animals underwent express-diagnosis of udder health with the California Mastitis-Test and based on the result obtained was formed two groups of animals to 15 animals in each group. Animals of the first group had the dubious reaction to California express method, and the second animal – weakly positive. The total protein content in the I-th group w s 3,23%, while the II-nd group chang d slightly and was 3,21%, but decre s d the content of casein in the II-nd g oup by 6,7% and amounted to 2,50%. In turn, increased elk serum proteins in the II-nd group and was 0,65 % albumin and 0,06 % new globulins. Den ity of milk cows first group also conform to the standards as provided by the gue ts, and the cows from s cond group slightly below normal and reached 1026,5 kg/m3. Somatic cells p r 534 tys./sm3 higher in animals II-nd group compared with the first group, whi h indicates the presence of inflamm tion in the udd r.
Milk productivity research of first, second, third lactations of third generation cows obtained from the daughters of purebred heifers of the imported fleckvieh breed
Authors: Giloyan G.H. , Kasumyan N.A.
Published: November 2024

The results, obtained in 2023 regarding the milk productivity of first, second, third lactation cows of fleckvieh breed acquired through custom pairing, testify that they surpass the first class standards of blonde and Holstein breeds in three generations. Thus, the third-generation cows surpass the blonde breed first class standards by 3338 kg or 95.4% for milk quantity, by 0.27 % for the fat content in the milk, by 0.09% for the albumen content in the milk, by 144.9 kg or 108.9 % for milk fat quantity, and surpass the Holstein breed by 1838, 36.8, 0.47, 0.19, 97.9, 54.4 accordingly. When choosing the parental methods for breeding third generation cows of the researched fleckvieh breed, the main selective property of pair selection is the milk fat + lactalbumin quantity, and the mothers have been inseminated with the semen of the bulls with 700 kg genetic capacity of the indicated property. The comparison of third generation mother-daughter milk productivity indicators shows that the milk quantity of daughters surpasses that of the mothers by 795 kg or 13.2 %. The milk quantity of daughters has formed 94% of genetic capacity, and in all the three generations the quantity of fat and albumen in mothers’ milk has been maintained, which in its turn is a great example of homogeneous pairing of inherited quantitative and qualitative indicators of the milk. It is hereby proposed to continue the pure breeding of fleckvieh breed animals and consider the indicator of genetic capacity of milk fat + lactalbumin quantity as the main property for the choice of parental methods of pair selection.
Effect of rare earth La on super-cooled austenite transformation of low carbon copper-containing steel and its mechanism
Authors: Wei Huihui , Wang Haiyan , Gao Xueyun , Zhi Jianguo
Published: November 2024

The effect of rare earth element La on the continuous cooling transformation kinetics of undercooled austenite in low carbon copper containing HSLA steel was studied by Formastor-F automatic phase change meter, SEM and TEM. Based on first-principles calculations of Vienna ab-initio simulation package which is under the framework of density functional theory, the effect of La on the transition from fcc-Fe to bcc-Fe was analyzed at atomic scale. The results show that La refined the microstructure, promoted the transformation of granular bainite to lath bainite, and La had a double effect on the phase transformation of low-carbon copper-containing HSLA steel. In the early stage of martensitic transformation, after adding La, the initial martensite transformation temperature Ms decreased from 443 °C to 438 °C, and the CCT curves moved to the lower right, which improved the stability of supercooled austenite. Meanwhile, first-principles calculations results show that the addition of La reduces the driving force of fcc-Fe to bcc-Fe and increases the energy barrier for Fe to undergo martensitic transition through Bain mechanism. The above results show that La delayed the martensitic transition. In the later stage of martensitic transformation, the addition of La decreased the critical transformation speed and improved the hardenability of steel, indicating that La promoted the martensitic transformation.
Fast-tracking ERCP learning with the Boškoski–Costamagna Trainer: results of a multicenter randomized clinical trial
Authors: Teles de Campos Sara , Boškoski Ivo , Voiosu Theodor , Salmon Maurine , Costamagna Guido , Langers Alexandra , van Hooft Jeanin E. , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Gomercic Cécile , Lemmers Arnaud , Fockens Paul , Voermans Rogier P. , Barthet Marc , Gonzalez Jean-Michel , Laleman Wim , Tarantino Ilaria , Poley Jan Werner , de Ridder Rogier , Conchillo José M. , Bruno Marco J. , de Jonge Pieter J.F. , Devière Jacques , Arvanitakis Marianna
Published: November 2024

Background Achieving competence in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) requires extensive training. Recognizing the potential of simulator-based education for safe and effective skill development, we aimed to assess whether initial training with the Boškoski–Costamagna ERCP Trainer (BCT) is beneficial compared with conventional training alone (i.e. predictive validity).

Methods A prospective multicenter randomized trial involving 16 novice ERCP trainees, randomly assigned to intervention or control groups, was performed. Both underwent hands-on training, with the intervention group receiving additional simulation training during the first 3 months. Each trainee was required to complete a minimum of 60 ERCPs in up to 1 year. The TEESAT score evaluated rates of global overall competence (primary outcome), biliary cannulation, and adverse events (AEs; secondary outcomes). Mixed-effect logistic regression models assessed differences in between-group ERCP procedure competence and success. Learning curves were generated cumulatively over the training period.

Results 1106 ERCPs (562 simulator group; 544 control group) were included. Although no statistically significant difference in global overall competence was observed between the groups, possibly owing to data heterogeneity, simulation training demonstrated higher success for native biliary cannulation (52% vs. 42%; P<0.001) and faster median (interquartile range) biliary cannulation times (3 [6] vs. 5 [8] minutes; P<0.001). The simulator group also showed faster improvements in overall performance, native biliary cannulation, and sphincterotomy. No statistical difference was found in overall AEs between the groups.

Conclusion Early simulation training with the BCT improved technical competence in native biliary cannulation and accelerated overall ERCP learning. This approach has the potential to enhance ERCP training programs.