bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Two-Dimensional Precision Level for Real-Time Measurement Based on Zoom Fast Fourier Transform
Authors: Fu Haijin , Wang Zheng , Lin Xionglei , Xing Xu , Yang Ruitao , Yang Hongxing , Hu Pengcheng , Ding Xuemei , Yu Liang
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a two-dimensional precision level for real-time measurement using a zoom fast Fourier transform (zoom FFT)-based decoupling algorithm that was developed and integrated in an FPGA. This algorithm solves the contradiction between obtaining high resolution and obtaining high measurement speed, and achieves both high angle-resolution measurement and real-time measurement. The proposed level adopts a silicone-oil surface as the angle-sensitive interface and combines the principle of homodyne interference. By analyzing the frequency of the interference fringes, the angle variation can be determined. The zoom-FFT-based decoupling algorithm improves the system’s frequency resolution of the interference fringes, thereby significantly enhancing the angle resolution. Furthermore, this algorithm improves the efficiency of angle decoupling, while the angle decoupling process can also be transplanted to the board to realize real-time measurement of the level. Finally, a prototype based on the level principle was tested to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The principle analysis and test results showed that the angle resolution of the prototype improved from 9 arcsec to about 0.1 arcsec using this angle-solution method. At the same time, the measurement repeatability of the prototype was approximately ±0.2 arcsec. In comparison with a commercial autocollimator, the angle measurement accuracy reached ±0.6 arcsec.
The Impact of Restricting Air Intake in Self-Aspirated Flotation Cells at Los Pelambres Concentrator
Authors: Morales Gacitúa Michel , Maldonado Saavedra Miguel , Vinnett Luis
Published: October 2023

This article describes the impact of restricting the air intake in industrial 250 m3 WEMCO flotation cells at Los Pelambres concentrator. The influence of air restriction on the hydrodynamic and metallurgical performance of this type of machine was evaluated. The experiments were conducted in single flotation cells and entire rougher banks. In all cases, the gas holdup was measured to estimate the effectiveness of the obstruction system to decrease the air concentration. In single cells, axial profiles for solid percentage and particle size were evaluated. In addition, mass balances were conducted to assess the copper recoveries and concentrate features. In individual cells, air restriction led to a decrease in the gas holdup. However, this slight change was enough to obtain a more stable froth zone and a better solid suspension. The latter was observed as: (i) a higher P80 below the pulp–froth interface, (ii) a less diluted pulp at this level, (iii) a slightly higher Cu recovery, and (iv) a coarser concentrate product. A mineralogical analysis of the concentrate sample also showed the presence of coarser liberated Cu-sulfide particles. The results in single cells suggested an improvement in the recovery of coarse particles via more intense solid suspension. The air intake was also restricted in three rougher banks to assess the impact of air obstruction on the overall performance of the respective circuit. Eleven out of fourteen cells were operated with air restriction, which led to a significant improvement in recovery of 0.9%–1.6% (absolute), at a 95% confidence level. Size-by-size mass balances were also conducted for the rougher circuits, which proved that the recovery improvements were justified by the simultaneous increase in the recovery of coarse and fine particles. Thus, a restriction in the air intake showed that a decrease in the gas holdup (and in the bubble surface area flux) was compensated by better solid suspension and a higher collision efficiency in the draft tube. The former promoted the recovery of coarse particles in the quiescent zone, whereas the latter improved the interaction between bubbles and fine particles. Further developments are being made to implement a regulatory control strategy for the air intake in self-aspirated flotation cells and to use this approach for optimizing industrial flotation banks.
Research on Strength Model of Cemented Tailings Deposit Body in Underground Tailings Reservoir
Authors: Zhang Xi , Wang Hongjiang , Yang Liuhua , Bier Thomas A.
Published: October 2023

Due to the lack of clarity in the strength design of underground tailings reservoirs, it is imperative to investigate the interaction between the tailings deposit body (TDB) and surrounding rock. Taking the TDB as the subject of analysis, a differential equation for vertical stress on the TDB is proposed, considering the stresses from the hanging wall of the surrounding rock and physical and structural parameters of the TDB. Considering the similarity between the underground tailings reservoir and one-step subsequent filling, in situ data of the one-step subsequent filling body from a mine was utilized to compare calculated values of the theoretical model. The resulting theoretical prediction error was less than 10%, thus verifying the reliability of the proposed model. According to the theoretical model analysis, the height of the TDB exerts the most significant influence on vertical stress, while the width and length of the TDB have a negligible impact. Moreover, internal friction angle has a more pronounced effect on vertical stress than cohesion force. A case study for a lead–zinc mine in China is presented in this work. Through uniaxial compressive strength and triaxial shear experiments, the key mechanical parameters of TDB at different ratios of cement to tailings are obtained. According to the theoretical model proposed herein, the distribution law of vertical stress in the height direction of TDB is determined for various ratios of cement to tailings. The original technical scheme of the mine has been optimized by using uniaxial compressive strength greater than vertical stress as the evaluation index, achieving both storage safety and cost reduction goals.
Deeper Understanding of the Strength Evolution and Deformation Characteristics of Sodium Silicate–Cemented Paste Tailing Material
Authors: Meng Jie , Fall Mamadou , Pour Hoda M.
Published: October 2023

This research aims to examine the impact of sodium silicate (SS) on the mechanical and microstructural properties of cemented paste tailings or cemented paste backfill (CPB), a cementitious construction material extensively used in underground mining operations. The study involved various compositions and curing conditions of SS-CPB samples, and their uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), stress–strain behavior, microstructure, and modulus of elasticity were evaluated by conducting mechanical (UCS) and microstructural (DT/DTG, MIP) tests, as well as monitoring experiments. Findings indicate that SS improves the mechanical strength of CPB and enhances its microstructure. The development of UCS is affected by SS dosage, curing time, water chemistry, curing temperature, and curing stress. Higher SS dosage, curing time, temperature, and stress lead to higher UCS, while sulfates decrease UCS. SS also increases CPB’s resistance to sulfate attack, and field curing temperature improves the binder hydration enhancement induced by SS. The presence of SS affects the stress–strain properties of CPB, including the shape of the stress–strain curve, maximum stress and strain, and modulus of elasticity. The modulus of elasticity of CPB with SS is higher than that without SS under field thermal curing conditions. Moreover, UCS and the modulus of elasticity have a linear relationship in SS-CPB, regardless of SS content. A relationship is proposed to estimate the modulus of elasticity of SS-CPB from its UCS. The study has significant practical implications for the cost-effective design of mine CPB structures and for improving underground mine work safety and productivity.
A CaH2-Assisted Reduction Method to Prepare Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI) from Fe2O3 for Water Remediation Application
Authors: Kobayashi Yasukazu , Yamamoto Koharu , Shoji Ryo
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has been extensively studied for application in environmental remediation because it is an eco-friendly, inexpensive nanomaterial with high reactivity. The chemical reduction of iron ions using NaBH4 in a liquid solution is the most frequently used method to obtain nZVI, but its drawbacks are the use of expensive and toxic NaBH4 and the secondary pollution caused by the B(OH)3 by-product. In this study, in order to obtain nZVI in a cleaner manner, we used a reduction method for Fe2O3 using CaH2, which is non-toxic and generates no pollutants. The results of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, and scanning electron microscopy for the obtained samples indicated the formation of zero-valent iron nanopowder (22.5 m2/g) that was obtained via reduction at 220 °C for 5 h. The obtained nZVI was finally tested in the catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol as a model reaction of water remediation, verifying its good catalytic performance.
Lithofacies and Depositional Models of the Fine-Grained Sedimentary Rocks of the Albian–Turonian Stage in the Rio Muni Basin, West Africa
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zeng Zhiwei , Zhu Hongtao , Yang Xianghua , Pang Linan
Published: October 2023

The Rio Muni Basin is a hotspot for deep-water oil exploration in West Africa. The discovery of thirteen oil and gas fields, including Ceiba, Akom 1, and Oveng, proves the basin’s excellent exploration prospects, but only limited research has thus far been carried out there. The recent new drilling indicates that there are organic matter-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Albian and Cenomanian–Turonian stages of the Cretaceous strata. However, the depositional models of organic-rich, fine-grained sedimentary rocks are not clear. The main objectives of this study are as follows: (1) to identify the lithofacies characteristics of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Albian–Turonian stages of the Rio Muni Basin; and (2) to establish a depositional model for organic-rich fine-grained sediments. In this study, the mineralogical characteristics of Albian–Turonian fine-grained were determined by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thin section analysis. In addition, the integration of mineralogical features with the total organic carbon (TOC) content allows for the recognition of three distinct lithofacies: (1) siliceous-clayey rock, (2) terrigenous clastic mixed fine-grained rock, and (3) lime-mixed fine-grained rock. Based on the evolutionary history of the passive continental margin basins in West Africa and the lithofacies characteristics, the deposition mode of organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Albian–Turonian stages was reconstructed by combining geochemical features with the characteristics of framboidal pyrite. The depositional models for the Albian stage are “continental margin–restricted sea–marine algae–source rocks” with the development of organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks. The depositional models for the Cenomanian–Turonian stage are “continental margin–semiopen sea–mixed-source rocks”. The Albian and Cenomanian–Turonian organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rocks represent two different deposition modes with restricted sea and semiopen sea conditions. The sedimentary characteristics in the study area during the two periods were both inherited and notably different.
Lithofacies Characteristics and Sweet Spot Distribution of Lacustrine Shale Oil Reservoirs: A Case Study of the Second Member of the Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin
Authors: Zhan Yuan , Lin Chengyan , Ma Cunfei , Han Wenzhong , Ma Pengjie , Li Guiang
Published: October 2023

In contrast to marine shale oil reservoirs, lacustrine shale exhibits rapid lithofacies changes and strong mineral compositional heterogeneity, posing new challenges for the evaluation and distribution prediction of shale oil sweet spots. The oiliness, reservoir properties, oil fluidity, and fracability of different lithofacies were analyzed using emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) observation, low-pressure nitrogen physisorption (LNP) analysis, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and triaxial compression testing. Based on the mineral composition obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) content, and sedimentary structure, four lithofacies were classified, which are organic-rich laminated calcareous shale (LC), organic-rich laminated siliceous shale (LS), organic-rich laminated mixed shale (LM), and organic-poor massive calcareous shale (MC). Considering the factors of oiliness, reservoir properties, oil fluidity, and fracability, the LC and LS lithofacies were determined as being high-quality sweet spots (type I). Within the stratigraphic sequence divided by GR-INPEFA curves, multi-resolution graph-based clustering (MRGC) analysis of sensitive well logs was used to classify the lithofacies, after which the distribution of sweet spots was predicted. The results reveal that the sweet spots exhibit regular changes in their vertical distribution and a ring-like pattern in their planar distribution, influenced by variations in the sedimentary environment. This finding can offer valuable guidance for the future exploitation of shale oil in the Guandong region.
Experimental Development of an Innovative Approach to Enhance the Strength of Early Age Cemented Paste Backfill: A Preliminary Investigation of Microwave-Assisted Curing
Authors: Hefni Mohammed A.
Published: October 2023

In underground mining, the application of mine backfill has evolved into a standard practice. Mine backfill typically consists of tailings, water, and hydraulic binders. However, the high cost of binders has prompted scholars to research alternatives to reduce this cost while maintaining or even improving the properties of the backfill. One potential alternative is leveraging microwave irradiation. In this study, an innovative approach was developed to increase the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of early age cemented paste backfill (CPB). Microwave treatment was applied to CPB samples at various curing ages for varying durations. The UCS and ultrasonic pulse velocities were measured and analyzed in an experiment with a full factorial design. Moreover, the microstructural properties of the CPB were investigated using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The results indicate a significant potential to increase the UCS of CPB by up to 25% when microwave-treating samples for 8 min after 7 days of curing. This approach could shorten mining cycle times and improve productivity, presenting a promising method to enhance CPB strength.
Amp-TB2 Protocol and Its Application to Amphiboles from Recent, Historical and Pre-Historical Eruptions of the Bezymianny Volcano, Kamchatka
Authors: Ridolfi Filippo , Almeev Renat R. , Ozerov Alexey Yu , Holtz Francois
Published: October 2023

This article reports a protocol on the application of Amp-TB2 (single-amphibole thermobarometry) based on detailed electron-microprobe analyses performed on homogeneous natural standards and synthetic glasses, and amphibole crystals (mostly phenocrysts) of volcanic products erupted by the Bezymianny volcano during its activity through time. The application of this protocol is facilitated by a new version of the model (Amp-TB2.1.xlsx) including an equation to identify heterogeneous domains (disequilibrium; not suitable for thermobarometric constraints) and homogenous (equilibrium) zones within amphibole crystals, which can be used to quantify the physicochemical parameters (i.e., pressure, P; temperature, T; volatile content in the melt, H2Omelt; oxygen fugacity, fO2) of “steady-state” magmatic crystallization. Application examples of the protocol, showing detailed core–rim microprobe data and physicochemical parameter variations in representative amphibole phenocrysts of the Bezymianny are also reported. The depth (and P) estimated by Amp-TB2.1 for this volcano are compared to seismic tomography results. Amp-TB2.1 results mainly show (1) that the Bezymianny is characterized by a very dynamic feeding system where the magma is stored at shallow crustal levels before recent activity periods characterized by climatic events and (2) that the pre-eruptive depth of magma storage generally increases with the age of the investigated products.
Synergistic Remediation of Organic Dye by Titanium Dioxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
Authors: Kocijan Martina , Ćurković Lidija , Vengust Damjan , Radošević Tina , Shvalya Vasyl , Gonçalves Gil , Podlogar Matejka
Published: October 2023

In this work, nanocomposites based on titanium dioxide and reduced graphene oxide (TiO2@rGO) with different weight percentages of rGO (4, 8, and 16 wt%) were prepared by the hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis method and thermally treated at 300 °C. The prepared nanocomposites were explored for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) in the presence of simulated solar illumination as well as natural sunlight. The structural, morphological, chemical, and optical properties of the as-synthesized TiO2@rGO nanocomposites were characterized. The obtained results of the graphene-based nanocomposite materials indicated the existence of interactions between TiO2 and rGO, i.e., the Ti–O–C bond, which confirmed the successful integration of both components to form the TiO2@rGO nanocomposites. The addition of rGO increased the specific surface area, decreased the band gap energy, and increased the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MB from water compared to TiO2 nanoparticles. The results of photocatalytic activity indicated that the amount of rGO in the prepared TiO2@rGO nanocomposites played a significant role in the application of different photocatalytic parameters, including the initial dye concentration, catalyst concentration, water environment, and illumination source. Our studies show that the reinforcement of the nanocomposite with 8 wt% of rGO allowed us to obtain the maximum photocatalytic decomposition performance of MB (10 mg·L−1) with a removal percentage of 99.20 after 2 h. Additionally, the obtained results show that the prepared TiO2@rGO_8 wt% nanocomposite can be used in three consecutive cycles while maintaining photocatalytic activity over 90%.
Volatile Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and In Vitro Innate Immunomodulatory Activity of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench Essential Oils
Authors: Dosoky Noura S. , Kirpotina Liliya N. , Schepetkin Igor A. , Khlebnikov Andrei I. , Lisonbee Brent L. , Black Jeffrey L. , Woolf Hillary , Thurgood Trever L. , Graf Brittany L. , Satyal Prabodh , Quinn Mark T.
Published: October 2023

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench is a medicinal plant commonly used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, the common cold, sore throat, migraine, colic, stomach cramps, and toothaches and the promotion of wound healing. Based on the known pharmacological properties of essential oils (EOs), we hypothesized that E. purpurea EOs may contribute to these medicinal properties. In this work, EOs from the flowers of E. purpurea were steam-distilled and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), GC with flame-ionization detection (GC–FID), and chiral GC–MS. The EOs were also evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial and innate immunomodulatory activity. About 87 compounds were identified in five samples of the steam-distilled E. purpurea EO. The major components of the E. purpurea EO were germacrene D (42.0 ± 4.61%), α-phellandrene (10.09 ± 1.59%), β-caryophyllene (5.75 ± 1.72%), γ-curcumene (5.03 ± 1.96%), α-pinene (4.44 ± 1.78%), δ-cadinene (3.31 ± 0.61%), and β-pinene (2.43 ± 0.98%). Eleven chiral compounds were identified in the E. purpurea EO, including α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, limonene, β-phellandrene, α-copaene, β-elemene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and δ-cadinene. Analysis of E. purpurea EO antimicrobial activity showed that they inhibited the growth of several bacterial species, although the EO did not seem to be effective for Staphylococcus aureus. The E. purpurea EO and its major components induced intracellular calcium mobilization in human neutrophils. Additionally, pretreatment of human neutrophils with the E. purpurea EO or (+)-δ-cadinene suppressed agonist-induced neutrophil calcium mobilization and chemotaxis. Moreover, pharmacophore mapping studies predicted two potential MAPK targets for (+)-δ-cadinene. Our results are consistent with previous reports on the innate immunomodulatory activities of β-caryophyllene, α-phellandrene, and germacrene D. Thus, this study identified δ-cadinene as a novel neutrophil agonist and suggests that δ-cadinene may contribute to the reported immunomodulatory activity of E. purpurea.
Target-Guided Isolation and Purification of Antioxidants from Urtica laetevirens Maxim. by HSCCC Combined with Online DPPH-HPLC Analysis
Authors: Li Aijing , La Mencuo , Wang Huichun , Zhao Jianzhong , Wang Yao , Mian Ruisha , He Fangfang , Wang Yuhan , Yang Tingqin , Zou Denglang
Published: October 2023

Urtica laetevirens Maxim. is used extensively in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for its potent antioxidative properties. In this study, three antioxidants were purified from U. laetevirens. using HSCCC guided by online DPPH-HPLC analysis. Firstly, the online DPPH-HPLC analysis was performed to profile out the antioxidant active molecules in U. laetevirens. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and the results showed the targeted antioxidant active molecules could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then, the antioxidant active molecules were separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography ethyl acetate/n-butanol/water (2:3:5, v/v/v) as the solvent system. Finally, the three targets including 16.8 mg of Isovitexin, 9.8 mg of Isoorientin, and 26.7 mg of Apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-d-glucopyranoside were obtained from 100 mg of sample. Their structures were identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
An Unusual Rearrangement of Pyrazole Nitrene and Coarctate Ring-Opening/Recyclization Cascade: Formal CH–Acetoxylation and Azide/Amine Conversion without External Oxidants and Reductants
Authors: Chugunova Elena , Gazizov Almir S. , Islamov Daut , Matveeva Victoria , Burilov Alexander , Akylbekov Nurgali , Dobrynin Alexey , Zhapparbergenov Rakhmetulla , Appazov Nurbol , Chabuka Beauty K. , Christopher Kimberley , Tonkoglazova Daria I. , Alabugin Igor V.
Published: October 2023

We report an unusual transformation where the transient formation of a nitrene moiety initiates a sequence of steps leading to remote oxidative C–H functionalization (R–CH3 to R–CH2OC(O)R’) and the concomitant reduction of the nitrene into an amino group. No external oxidants or reductants are needed for this formal molecular comproportionation. Detected and isolated intermediates and computational analysis suggest that the process occurs with pyrazole ring opening and recyclization.
ZIF-67-Derived Co/N-Doped Carbon-Functionalized MXene for Enhanced Electrochemical Sensing of Carbendazim
Authors: Chen Shuxian , Zou Jiamin , Pan Xiaowei , Zeng Shaodong , Liu Yuanjing , Ye Jianzhi , Lu Limin , Yang Shu , Zhan Guoyan
Published: October 2023

Herein, ZIF-67-derived Co and N-doped carbon (Co/NC) particle-modified multilayer MXene (MXene@Co/NC) was developed as remarkable electrode material for carbendazim (CBZ) detection. MXene as a substrate provides an excellent conductive framework and plentiful accessibility sites. Co/NC particles embedding in MXene can not only prevent the interlayer stacking of MXene but also contribute a great deal of metal catalytic active sites and finally improve the adsorption and catalytic properties of the composite. Accordingly, the MXene@Co/NC electrode displays excellent electrocatalytic activity toward CBZ oxidation. Experimental parameters such as pH value, accumulation time, MXene@Co/NC modification volume and constituent materials’ mass ratios were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the as-prepared sensor based on MXene@Co/NC holds a broad linearity range from 0.01 μM to 45.0 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 3.3 nM (S/N = 3, S means the detection signal, while N represents the noise of the instrument). Moreover, the proposed sensor displays excellent anti-interference ability, superior reproducibility, excellent stability, and successfully achieves actual applications for CBZ detection in a lettuce sample.
(3+2)-Cycloadditions of Levoglucosenone (LGO) with Fluorinated Nitrile Imines Derived from Trifluoroacetonitrile: An Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Urbaniak Katarzyna , Palusiak Marcin , Witczak Zbigniew J. , Würthwein Ernst-Ulrich
Published: October 2023

The in situ-generated N-aryl nitrile imines derived from trifluoroacetonitrile smoothly undergo (3+2)-cycloadditions onto the enone fragment of the levoglucosenone molecule, yielding the corresponding, five-membered cycloadducts. In contrast to the ‘classic’ C(Ph),N(Ph) nitrile imine, reactions with fluorinated C(CF3),N(Ar) analogues lead to stable pyrazolines in a chemo- and stereoselective manner. Based on the result of X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis, their structures were established as exo-cycloadducts with the location of the N-Ar terminus of the 1,3-dipole at the α-position of the enone moiety. The DFT computation demonstrated that the observed reaction pathway results from the strong dominance of kinetic control over thermodynamic control.
Structural Fluctuation, Relaxation, and Folding of Protein: An Approach Based on the Combined Generalized Langevin and RISM/3D-RISM Theories
Authors: Hirata Fumio
Published: October 2023

In 2012, Kim and Hirata derived two generalized Langevin equations (GLEs) for a biomolecule in water, one for the structural fluctuation of the biomolecule and the other for the density fluctuation of water, by projecting all the mechanical variables in phase space onto the two dynamic variables: the structural fluctuation defined by the displacement of atoms from their equilibrium positions, and the solvent density fluctuation. The equation has an expression similar to the classical Langevin equation (CLE) for a harmonic oscillator, possessing terms corresponding to the restoring force proportional to the structural fluctuation, as well as the frictional and random forces. However, there is a distinct difference between the two expressions that touches on the essential physics of the structural fluctuation, that is, the force constant, or Hessian, in the restoring force. In the CLE, this is given by the second derivative of the potential energy among atoms in a protein. So, the quadratic nature or the harmonicity is only valid at the minimum of the potential surface. On the contrary, the linearity of the restoring force in the GLE originates from the projection of the water’s degrees of freedom onto the protein’s degrees of freedom. Taking this into consideration, Kim and Hirata proposed an ansatz for the Hessian matrix. The ansatz is used to equate the Hessian matrix with the second derivative of the free-energy surface or the potential of the mean force of a protein in water, defined by the sum of the potential energy among atoms in a protein and the solvation free energy. Since the free energy can be calculated from the molecular mechanics and the RISM/3D-RISM theory, one can perform an analysis similar to the normal mode analysis (NMA) just by diagonalizing the Hessian matrix of the free energy. This method is referred to as the Generalized Langevin Mode Analysis (GLMA). This theory may be realized to explore a variety of biophysical processes, including protein folding, spectroscopy, and chemical reactions. The present article is devoted to reviewing the development of this theory, and to providing perspective in exploring life phenomena.
Efficient Adsorption of Ammonia by Surface-Modified Activated Carbon Fiber Mesh
Authors: Niu Yongxiang , Zheng Chao , Xie Yucong , Kang Kai , Song Hua , Bai Shupei , Han Hao , Li Shunyi
Published: October 2023

In view of the characteristics and risks of ammonia, its removal is important for industrial production and environmental safety. In this study, viscose-based activated carbon fiber (ACF) was used as a substrate and chemically modified by nitric acid impregnation to enhance the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for ammonia. A series of modified ACF-based adsorbents were prepared and characterized using BET, FTIR, XPS, and Boehm titration. Isotherm tests (293.15 K, 303.15 K, 313.15 K) and dynamic adsorption experiments were performed. The characterization results showed that impregnation with low concentrations of nitric acid not only increased the surface acidic functional group content but also increased the specific surface area, while impregnation with high concentrations of nitric acid could be able to decrease the specific surface area. ACF-N-6 significantly increased the surface functional group content without destroying the physical structure of the activated carbon fibers. The experimental results showed that the highest adsorption of ammonia by ACFs was 14.08 mmol-L−1 (ACF-N-6) at 293 K, and the adsorption capacity was increased by 165% compared with that of ACF-raw; by fitting the adsorption isotherm and calculating the equivalent heat of adsorption and thermodynamic parameters using the Langmuir–Freundlich model, the adsorption process could be found to exist simultaneously. Regarding physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, the results of the correlation analysis showed that the ammonia adsorption performance was strongly correlated with the carboxyl group content and positively correlated with the relative humidity (RH) of the inlet gas. This study contributes to the development of an efficient ammonia adsorption system with important applications in industrial production and environmental safety.
Improved Resistive and Synaptic Characteristics in Neuromorphic Systems Achieved Using the Double-Forming Process
Authors: Kim Minkang , Ju Dongyeol , Kang Myounggon , Kim Sungjun
Published: October 2023

In this study, we investigate the electrical properties of ITO/ZrOx/TaN RRAM devices for neuromorphic computing applications. The thickness and material composition of the device are analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the existence of TaON interface layers was confirmed using dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron analysis. The forming process of the ZrOx-based device can be divided into two categories, namely single- and double forming, based on the initial lattice oxygen vacancies. The resistive switching behaviors of the two forming methods are compared in terms of the uniformity properties of endurance and retention. The rationale behind each I–V forming process was determined as follows: in the double-forming method case, an energy band diagram was constructed using F-N tunneling; conversely, in the single-forming method case, the ratio of oxygen vacancies was extracted based on XPS analysis to identify the conditions for filament formation. Subsequently, synaptic simulations for the applications of neuromorphic systems were conducted using a pulse scheme to achieve potentiation and depression with a deep neural network-based pattern recognition system to display the achieved recognition accuracy. Finally, high-order synaptic plasticity (spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP)) is emulated based on the Hebbian rule.
A Real-Space Study of Flat Bands in Nanowires
Authors: Sánchez Vicenta , Wang Chumin
Published: October 2023

The flat electronic band has remarkable relevance in the strongly correlated phenomena mainly due to its reduced kinetic energy in comparison to the many-body potential energy. The formation of such bands in cubically structured nanowires is addressed in this article by means of a new independent channel method and a generalized convolution theorem developed for the Green’s function including the first, second, and third neighbor interactions. A real-space renormalization method is further applied to address macroscopic-length aperiodic nanowires. We also determined the appearance condition of these flat bands, as well as their degeneracy and robustness in the face of perturbations, such as structural dislocations. Finally, the possible experimental detection of this flat band via the electronic specific heat is analyzed.
Solvent Welding-Based Methods Gently and Effectively Enhance the Conductivity of a Silver Nanowire Network
Authors: Zhu Zhaoxi , Wang Xiaolu , Li Dan , Yu Haiyang , Li Xuefei , Guo Fu
Published: October 2023

To enhance the conductivity of a silver nanowire (Ag NW) network, a facile solvent welding method was developed. Soaking a Ag NW network in ethylene glycol (EG) or alcohol for less than 15 min decreased the resistance about 70%. Further combined solvent processing via a plasmonic welding approach decreased the resistance about 85%. This was achieved by simply exposing the EG-soaked Ag NW network to a low-power blue light (60 mW/cm2). Research results suggest that poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) dissolution by solvent brings nanowires into closer contact, and this reduced gap distance between nanowires enhances the plasmonic welding effect, hence further decreasing resistance. Aside from this dual combination of methods, a triple combination with Joule heating welding induced by applying a current to the Ag NW network decreased the resistance about 96%. Although conductivity was significantly enhanced, our results showed that the melting at Ag NW junctions was relatively negligible, which indicates that the enhancement in conductivity could be attributed to the removal of PVP layers. Moreover, the approaches were quite gentle so any potential damage to Ag NWs or polymer substrates by overheating (e.g., excessive Joule heating) was avoided entirely, making the approaches suitable for application in devices using heat-sensitive materials.
Understanding Coke Deposition Vis-à-Vis DRM Activity over Magnesia-Alumina Supported Ni-Fe, Ni-Co, Ni-Ce, and Ni-Sr Catalysts
Authors: Alanazi Yousef M. , Patel Naitik , Fakeeha Anis H. , Abu-Dahrieh Jehad , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Abasaeed Ahmed E. , Kumar Rawesh , Al-Fatesh Ahmed
Published: October 2023

The catalytic conversion of CH4 and CO2 into H2-rich syngas is known as the dry reforming of methane (DRM). The dissociation of CH4 over active sites, coupled with the oxidation or polymerization of CH4−x (x = 1–4), plays a crucial role in determining in determining the DRM product yield and coke deposition. Herein, a series of bimetallic-supported catalysts are prepared by the dispersion of Ni-M (M = Ce, Co, Fe, and Sr) over 60 wt% MgO-40 wt% Al2O3 (60Mg40Al) support. Catalysts are tested for DRM and characterized with XRD, surface area and porosity, temperature-programmed reduction/desorption, UV−VIS−Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. 2.5Ni2.5Sr/60Mg40Al and 2.5Ni2.5Fe/60Mg40Al, and 2.5Ni2.5Ce/60Mg40Al and 2.5Ni2.5Co/60Mg40Al have similar CO2 interaction profiles. The 2.5Ni2.5Sr/60Mg40Al catalyst nurtures inert-type coke, whereas 2.5Ni2.5Fe/60Mg40Al accelerates the deposition of huge coke, which results in catalytic inferiority. The higher activity over 2.5Ni2.5Ce/60Mg40Al is due to the instant lattice oxygen-endowing capacity for oxidizing coke. Retaining a high DRM activity (54% H2-yield) up to 24 h even against a huge coke deposition (weight loss 46%) over 2.5Ni2.5Co/60Mg40Al is due to the timely diffusion of coke far from the active sites or the mounting of active sites over the carbon nanotube.
Nanoscatterer-Assisted Fluorescence Amplification Technique
Authors: Bonnefond Sylvain , Reynaud Antoine , Cazareth Julie , Abélanet Sophie , Vassalli Massimo , Brau Frédéric , Lippi Gian Luca
Published: October 2023

Weak fluorescence signals, which are important in research and applications, are often masked by the background. Different amplification techniques are actively investigated. Here, a broadband, geometry-independent and flexible feedback scheme based on the random scattering of dielectric nanoparticles allows the amplification of a fluorescence signal by partial trapping of the radiation within the sample volume. Amplification of up to a factor of 40 is experimentally demonstrated in ultrapure water with dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles (30 to 50 nm in diameter) and fluorescein dye at 200 μmol concentration (pumped with 5 ns long, 3 mJ laser pulses at 490 nm). The measurements show a measurable reduction in linewidth at the emission peak, indicating that feedback-induced stimulated emission contributes to the large gain observed.
Reply to Heinschke, S.; Schneider, J.J. Comment on “Pashchanka, M. Conceptual Progress for Explaining and Predicting Self-Organization on Anodized Aluminum Surfaces. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 2271”
Authors: Pashchanka Mikhail
Published: October 2023

First of all, I would like to thank Silvio Heinschke and Jörg J. Schneider (hereinafter referred to as “the Readers”) for preparing their Comment [...]
Remdesivir-Loaded Nanoliposomes Stabilized by Chitosan/Hyaluronic Acid Film with a Potential Application in the Treatment of Coronavirus Infection
Authors: Milkova Viktoria , Vilhelmova-Ilieva Neli , Gyurova Anna , Kamburova Kamelia , Dimitrov Ivaylo , Tsvetanova Elina , Georgieva Almira , Mileva Milka
Published: October 2023

An object of the present study was the development of liposomes loaded with the medicine Veklury® (remdesivir) stabilized by electrostatic adsorption of polysaccharide film formed from chitosans with different physicochemical characteristics and hyaluronic acid. The functionalization of the structures was achieved through the inclusion of an aptamer (oligonucleotide sequence) with specific affinity to the spike protein of the human coronavirus HCoV-OC43. The hydrodynamic size, electrokinetic potential and stability of the structures were evaluated at each step in the procedure. The encapsulation efficiency and loaded amount of remdesivir (99% and 299 µg/mL) were estimated by UV–vis spectroscopy. Our investigations showed manifestation of promising tendencies for prolonged periods of the drug release and increased effectiveness of its antiviral action. Among all studied versions of the delivery system, the most distinguished and suitable in a model coronavirus therapy are the liposomes formed from chitosan oligosaccharides. The cytotoxicity of the liposomes was determined against the HCT-8 cell line. A cytopathic effect inhibition test was used for the assessment of the antiviral activity of the compounds. The virucidal activity and the effect on the viral adsorption of the samples were reported by the end-point dilution method, and the alteration in viral titer was determined as Δlgs compared to untreated controls. The redox-modulating properties of the nanoparticles were studied in vitro in certain/several/a few chemical model systems. Our investigations showed a manifestation of promising tendencies for a prolonged effect of the drug release and increased effectiveness of its antiviral action.
Intermittent Fasting Attenuates Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis by Enhancing the Hepatic Autophagy–Lysosome Pathway
Authors: Kim Kyung Eun , Shin Hyun Joo , Ju Yeajin , Jung Youngae , An Hyeong Seok , Lee So Jeong , Jeong Eun Ae , Lee Jaewoong , Hwang Geum-Sook , Roh Gu Seob
Published: October 2023

An intermittent fasting (IF) regimen has been shown to protect against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). However, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Here, we explored how IF reduced hepatic lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice with MASH. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 30 weeks and either continued on the HFD or were subjected to IF for the final 22 weeks. IF reduced body weight, insulin resistance, and hepatic lipid accumulation in HFD-fed mice. Lipidome analysis revealed that IF modified HFD-induced hepatic lipid composition. In particular, HFD-induced impaired autophagic flux was reversed by IF. The decreased hepatic lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 level in HFD-fed mice was upregulated in HFD+IF-fed mice. However, increased hepatic lysosomal acid lipase protein levels in HFD-fed mice were reduced by IF. IF attenuated HFD-induced hepatic inflammation and galectin-3-positive Kupffer cells. In addition to the increases in hepatic hydroxyproline and lumican levels, lipocalin-2-mediated signaling was reversed in HFD-fed mice by IF. Taken together, our findings indicate that the enhancement of the autophagy–lysosomal pathway may be a critical mechanism of MASH reduction by IF.
Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) Combined with Body Weight Support Treadmill Training Improved Spinal Cord and Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Rats with Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Xu Xin , Du Hua-Yong , Talifu Zuliyaer , Zhang Chun-Jia , Li Ze-Hui , Liu Wu-Bo , Liang Yi-Xiong , Xu Xu-Luan , Zhang Jin-Ming , Yang De-Gang , Gao Feng , Du Liang-Jie , Yu Yan , Jing Ying-Li , Li Jian-Jun
Published: October 2023

Skeletal muscle atrophy is a frequent complication after spinal cord injury (SCI) and can influence the recovery of motor function and metabolism in affected patients. Delaying skeletal muscle atrophy can promote functional recovery in SCI rats. In the present study, we investigated whether a combination of body weight support treadmill training (BWSTT) and glycine and N-acetylcysteine (GlyNAC) could exert neuroprotective effects, promote motor function recovery, and delay skeletal muscle atrophy in rats with SCI, and we assessed the therapeutic effects of the double intervention from both a structural and functional viewpoint. We found that, after SCI, rats given GlyNAC alone showed an improvement in Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) scores, gait symmetry, and results in the open field test, indicative of improved motor function, while GlyNAC combined with BWSTT was more effective than either treatment alone at ameliorating voluntary motor function in injured rats. Meanwhile, the results of the skeletal muscle myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA), hindlimb grip strength, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) immunostaining analysis demonstrated that GlyNAC improved the structure and function of the skeletal muscle in rats with SCI and delayed the atrophication of skeletal muscle.
Preconception Maternal Mentoring for Improved Fetal Growth among Indonesian Women: Results from a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hadi Hamam , Nurunniyah Siti , Gittelsohn Joel , Alfiana Ratih Devi , Fatimatasari  , Lewis Emma C. , Nurdiati Detty
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of stunting in young children is associated with poor growth during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. A maternal mentoring program was developed for Indonesian women to improve birth outcomes. A cluster-randomized controlled trial (CRCT) was conducted in three sub-districts of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 384 eligible participants were randomly allocated to either an intervention (received the maternal mentoring program and standard care; n = 189) or control (received standard care only; n = 195) group. The maternal mentoring program provided preconception health education; health monitoring; and text message reminders for preconception women. Fetal growth was measured between gestational weeks 27 and 30 using the estimated fetal weight generated from ultrasonographic measurements. Birth weight was measured within 24 h of birth. A structured questionnaire captured women’s demographics, pregnancy readiness, and body mass indexes (BMIs). After adjustment, fetal weight was 14% (95% CI: 5.1–23.0) higher in the intervention group than in the control group, and the average weight-for-length Z-score at birth was 0.16 (95% CI: 0.04–0.30) higher in the intervention group than in the control group. The maternal mentoring program was associated with improved fetal growth and birth weight in this population and should be considered for scale-up to other settings, nationally and globally.
Sex Differences in the Relationship between Chronotype and Eating Behaviour: A Focus on Binge Eating and Food Addiction
Authors: Amicis Ramona De , Galasso Letizia , Cavallaro Riccardo , Mambrini Sara Paola , Castelli Lucia , Montaruli Angela , Roveda Eliana , Esposito Fabio , Leone Alessandro , Foppiani Andrea , Battezzati Alberto , Bertoli Simona
Published: October 2023

Background: Men are more likely than women to have subthreshold overeating disorders. Lifestyle plays a role as a determinant, while chronotype is an emerging factor. Chronotype explains the natural preferences of wakefulness and activity throughout the day: evening chronotypes (E-Types), those most productive in the evening, have been linked with unhealthy dietary patterns and a higher propensity to substance addiction than morning types (M-Types). Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study on 750 overweight or obese adults (70% females, 48 ± 10 years, BMI 31.7 ± 5.8 kg/m2). The Binge-Eating Scale, the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 (YFAS 2.0), the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ), and the MEDAS questionnaire were used to assess binge eating, food addiction, chronotype, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, respectively. Results: No differences in BES binge-eating and FA food-addiction scores occurred between chronotypes, but we found significant interactions between sex × rMEQ score. While women showed the same prevalence for binge eating and food addiction across all chronotypes, binge eating and food addiction risk increased with reducing rMEQ score in men, indicating that being male and E-Type increases the risk association of binge eating and/or food addiction prevalence. Conclusions: chronotype is associated with binge eating and food addiction in men, emphasizing the link between chronobiology and sex differences as determinants in appetite and eating behaviour dysregulation and in overweight and obesity.
Impact of Dietary Protein on Osteoporosis Development
Authors: Kędzia Gabriela , Woźniak Martyna , Samborski Włodzimierz , Grygiel-Górniak Bogna
Published: October 2023

Osteoporosis is a frequent yet unsolved health problem among older people. The influence of dietary protein still raises many questions regarding its quality and quantity in the context of bone health. The aim of this manuscript is to review the latest evidence on plant and animal protein influences on bone health in various groups of patients. The review is based on original studies, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, and prospective cohort studies published in PubMed and Cochrane databases during the last five years. Combining plant and animal protein with physical activity has the best effect on bones (muscle strengthening and reducing the risk of falls), while high protein intake can have adverse effects during bed rest. Despite the content of isoflavones, plant protein is not more beneficial than animal protein (dairy products) and can increase bone resorption markers. Hypoestrogenism due to menopause or eating disorders leads to low bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. A well-balanced diet with sufficient energy supply and protein intake (both of plant and animal origins) and adequate physical activity are crucial to ensure bone health. Dietary interventions should consider the quantity and quality of protein in patients with other comorbidities, particularly in an aging society.