bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fault slip envelope: A new parametric investigation tool for fault slip based on geomechanics and 3D fault geometry
Authors: Soliva Roger , Maerten Frantz , Maerten Laurent , Mattila Jussi
Published: March 2019

Abstract. By combining 3D boundary element model, frictional slip theory and fast computation method, we propose a new tool to improve fault slip analysis that allows to analyze a very large number of scenarios of stress and fault mechanical properties variations through space and time. Using both synthetic and real fault system geometries we analyze a very large number of numerical simulations (125,000) using fast iterative method to define for the first time macroscopic rupture envelopes for fault systems, referred to as “fault slip envelopes”. Fault slip envelopes are defined using variable friction, cohesion and stress state, and their shape is directly related to the fault system 3D geometry and the friction coefficient on fault surfaces. The obtained fault slip envelopes shows that very complex fault geometry implies low and isotropic strength of the fault system compared to geometry having limited fault orientations relative to the remote stresses, providing strong strength anisotropy. This technique is applied to the realistic geological conditions of the Olkiluoto high-level nuclear waste repository (Finland). The model results suggests that Olkiluoto fault system has a better probability to slip under the present day Andersonian thrust stress regime, than for the strike-slip and normal stress regimes expected in the future due to the probable presence of an ice sheet. This new tool allows to quantify the anisotropy of strength and probability of slip of 3D real fault networks as a function of a wide range of possible geological conditions an mechanical properties. This significantly helps to define the most conservative fault slip hazard case or to account for potential uncertainties in the input data for slip. This technique therefore applies to earthquakes hazard studies, geological storage, geothermal resources along faults and fault leaks/seals in geological reservoirs.
AVALIAÇÃO MACRO E MICROESTRUTURAL DE SOLOS SOB DIFERENTES USOS A PARTIR DE ANÁLISES FÍSICAS, MICROSCOPIA ELETRÔNICA E ESPECTROSCOPIA POR ENERGIA DISPERSIVA
Authors: Brizzi Raphael Rodrigues , Portocarrero Hugo , Souza Andréa Paula De , Costa Alexander Josef Sá Tobias da , Rangel Luana De Almeida
Published: March 2019

A degradação das propriedades físicas e químicas dos solos de acordo com o uso e o manejo das terras tem sido alvo de muita preocupação para agricultores e gestores devido à questão dos processos erosivos. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo teve por objetivo subsidiar e aprofundar o entendimento sobre relações entre a estruturação dos solos a nível microscópico e parâmetros macroscópicos de agregação a partir de análises físicas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva. Para tal, foram selecionados dois perfis de solos sob dois diferentes tipos de usos: fragmento florestal e pousio. Em campo, além da coleta de amostras, foram realizadas as descrições dos perfis de solos e as análises morfológicas, e posteriormente, em laboratório, foram realizadas análises granulométricas, de estabilidade dos agregados em água (DMG, DMP e IEA), determinação do teor carbono orgânico, análise estrutural no Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura – MEV, além da identificação dos elementos químicos presentes através da Espectrometria por Energia Dispersiva – EDS. As imagens obtidas no MEV demonstraram ser o uso florestal mais correlacionado à boa microagregação dos horizontes superficiais dos solos avaliados, enquanto que o solo sob pousio apresentou uma microestrutura cimentada sugerindo forte antropização do horizonte, possivelmente por pé de arado. Os resultados deste trabalho evidenciaram o auxílio fornecido pela ferramenta MEV na compreensão dos processos de agregação, sobretudo em relação a microagregação, possibilitando uma discussão mais ampla acerca do efeito de diferentes práticas de manejo e conservação dos solos em seus estados de agregação.
ESTIMATIVA DE PERDA DE SOLOS POR EROSÃO NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO RIBEIRÃO DAS PEROBAS (SP) NOS ANOS 1962 E 2011
Authors: Demarchi Julio Cesar , Piroli Edson Luís , Zimback Célia Regina Lopes
Published: March 2019

A erosão do solo é uma das principais formas de degradação das terras agrícolas e tem impacto negativo na produção de alimentos e na conservação dos recursos naturais solo e água. A quantificação da erosão por meio de modelagem é fundamental para a compreensão e controle do processo. Nesse contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar as perdas de solo por erosão na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão das Perobas, localizada no município de Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo – SP, utilizando a Equação Universal de Perda de Solo Revisada (EUPS revisada ou RUSLE) nos anos 1962 e 2011, dois momentos históricos distintos em termos de uso, manejo do solo e práticas conservacionistas, para subsidiar o planejamento adequado do uso da terra. As perdas de solo totais foram de 49.130,37 t em 1962 e de 53.201,41 t em 2011. Apesar da implantação de práticas conservacionistas no ano de 2011, que reduziu o fator P médio de 0,786 para 0,466, e da melhoria no manejo das culturas agrícolas, houve uma redução na cobertura por mata nativa e na formação campestre, com o consequente avanço das áreas destinadas à agropecuária, substituição da cultura do café pela soja e aumento das áreas cultivadas com cana-de-açúcar e milho. O Potencial Natural de Erosão apresentou correlação moderada com as taxas estimadas de erosão. O risco de erosão simulado evidenciou que 74,09 % e 75,14 % do total da área de estudo apresentaram perda de solo inferior à tolerância nos anos 1962 e 2011, respectivamente.
PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
Authors: Ra'e Ga - O Espaço Geográfico em Análise Revista
Published: March 2019

PRÉ-TEXTUAIS
O dever da caridade aos pobres: circulação de excedente, furto e a construção da noção de propriedade no interior da Ordem dos Frades Menores a partir das Legenda Maior e da Vita Secunda.
Authors: Martins Douglas
Published: March 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo propor uma análise dos textos hagiográficos de São Boaventura – Legenda Maior – e Tomás de Celano – Vita Secunda – como modelos dotados de valores idealizados pela Ordem dos Frades Menores em sua inserção na vida material nos espaços urbanos da Península Itálica em princípios do século XIII. Para realizar tal análise foi necessário utilizar conceitos que evitem a abordagens singulares e maniqueístas, que destacam a vida material como um domínio social apartado das demais experiências históricas. Os textos hagiográficos foram interpretados com o auxílio das formulações teóricas do Primitivismo Econômico. O discurso acerca do pauperismo não será tomado como uma atitude antieconômica, mas sim como mecanismo essencial da conduta dos frades minoritas frente a temas como propriedade, circulação de excedente e o furto.
Long-term Financial Analysis of the Slovenian Wood Industry Using DEA
Authors: Kropivšek Jože , Grošelj Petra
Published: March 2019

Long-term financial analysis is an important tool for assessing the financial position of a company and/or sector. The aim of the research was to analyze selected financial indicators of the Slovenian wood industry in sub-sectors C16 (wood processing – except furniture) and C31 (manufacture of furniture) for the last 10 years (from 2007-2016). The efficiency evaluation was performed by DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) window analysis. Other comparisons between two sub-sectors were performed by analysis of time series of financial indicators and by t-test. We have analyzed 40 financial indicators, 15 of which in more detail. Some models, analyzed by DEA method, show relative deterioration in efficiency in the years 2007-2010, but in most cases efficiency has increased in recent years. With this, we have proven that the efficiency of both sub-sectors is improving. For all models, the performance of the sub-sector C16 is better than that of C31. It has been proven by t-test that the difference between these two sub-sectors is statistically significant, as differences of more than half of the financial indicators between the two sub-sectors are statistically significant. Therefore, improvements in profitability ratios at the company’s level should be done and appropriate measures within the sectoral economic policies should be taken to achieve the conditions needed for greater efficiency and success.
Analytical Analysis of Distribution of Bending Stresses in Layers of Plywood with Numerical Verification
Authors: Makowski Andrzej
Published: March 2019

The study presents methods for accurate estimation of bending stresses in the 3-point flexural bending test of plywood, i.e. a wood-based laminate with an alternate crosswise ply configuration. The characteristic bending strength (MOR) and mean modulus of elasticity (MOE) of standard beech plywood was determined using European Standard bending tests EN 310. Correlations were determined between empirically determined bending moduli of the plywood and material moduli of the veneer layer. Calculations were conducted based on the classical plate theory for thin panels comprising the theory of elasticity including the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis. Rigidity of individual layer was established theoretically in the axial configuration of transformed rigidity matrix values. Numerical laminate models were developed and simulation tests were conducted. Results of experimental and analytical studies were verified using the Finite Element Method (FEM). Analyses were performed in two plywood cross-band arrangement variants. An analysis of the distribution of stresses in individual layers of plywood used an analytical and numerical method assuming the plywood specimen to be a rhombic-anisotropic material. It was found that the bending load capacity of plywood depends on the configuration of individual layers (veneers). Values of stresses originating from bending do not only depend on the distance of the considered plywood layer from the middle layer but also on stiffness in the direction of operating stresses. Bending strength varies in individual directions of the plywood panel. Therefore, the distribution of stresses in individual layers differs from that resulting from the stress distribution for homogeneous isotropic materials. Results are presented in the form of tables, bitmaps, graphs and photographs. The tests were conducted based on the BFU-BU-18 standard beech plywood thickness of 18 mm.
Stress and Strain Analysis of Plywood Seat Shell
Authors: Hajdarević Seid , Obućina Murčo , Mešić Elmedin , Martinović Sandra
Published: March 2019

In this paper, the stress and strain analysis of common laminated wood seat shell is performed. Experimental stiffness evaluation is conducted by measuring displacement of the point on the backrest, and experimental stress analysis is carried out by tensometric measuring at the critical transition area from the seat to the backrest. Finite element analysis is carried out layer by layer with a “2D linear elastic model” for orthotropic materials. Good matching is found between numerical and experimental results of displacement. It is also shown that the results of the principal stress in the measurement points of the seat shell compare favourably with experimental data. The applied in-plane stress analysis of each individual veneer is not applicable for interlaminar stress calculations that are a significant factor in curved forms of laminated wood. Curved forms of laminated wood products require more complex numerical analysis, but the method can be used to achieve approximate data in early phase of product design.
Use of machine learning algorithm for the better prediction of SR peculiarities of WEDM of Nimonic-90 superalloy
Authors: Singh Nain S. , Sai R. , Sihag P. , Vambol S. , Vambol V.
Published: March 2019

Use of machine learning algorithm for the better prediction of SR peculiarities of WEDM of Nimonic-90 superalloy
DLF GRT Opportunity
Authors: Mattson Rachel
Published: March 2019

Founded in the winter of 2017, the Digital Library Federation’s interest group on Government Records Transparency and Accountability seeks to support a broader culture of records transparency in the digital age. We use a variety of methods to support cross-disciplinary conversation, collaboration, and action around improving access to local, state and federal records and publications (as well as information, data, and documents). Over the past years, we’ve hosted open presentations on topics including the 2020 Census, federal records transparency and its relationship to immigrant justice, Title 44 reform, FOIA and state-level freedom of information laws, and civic data initiatives.
HSR19-094: A Comparison of Cancer Burden and Funding From the National Cancer Institute and Nonprofit Organizations Reveals Disparities in the Distribution of Funding Across Cancer Types
Authors: Kamath Suneel D. , Kircher Sheetal M. , Benson Al B.
Published: March 2019

Background: National Cancer Institute (NCI) and nonprofit organization (NPO) funding have driven recent advancements in oncology through research and advocacy. However, some cancers may be underfunded relative to their burden. This study examined the alignment of cancer burden by histology with NCI and NPO funding for each histology. Methods: The GuideStar database was used to find all cancer NPOs with >$5 million (M) in annual revenue (AR) using NTEE codes and 165 cancer-related search terms. Care delivery NPOs were excluded. NPOs were classified by the histology they support. AR was obtained from IRS Form 990s for each NPO. NCI funding allocation across histologies was obtained from the NCI Funded Research Portfolio data. Total funding for each histology was calculated by adding the NCI funding and the ARs for all NPOs in that histology. Cancer burden based on annual incidence, deaths, and person-years of life lost (PYLL) was obtained from SEER data. Comparison of total NCI and NPO funding with incidence, deaths, and PYLL of each histology was done using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients. Results: 119 NPOs with total AR of $6 billion were included. 59 (50%) were histology agnostic and accounted for $4.6 billion (76.8%) of total AR. Cancers with the most NPOs were breast (13, 11%), pediatric (13, 11%), leukemia (4, 3.4%) and lung (4, 3.4%). There were no NPOs with AR >$5 M for esophageal, gastric, kidney, or bladder cancers. Cancers with the most combined NCI and NPO funding were breast ($1 billion), leukemia ($448 M), lung ($348 M), and prostate ($303 M). The ratios of combined NCI and NPO funding vs incidence, mortality, and PYLL are shown in Table 1. Cancers with the best funding vs incidence were leukemia, ovarian, and breast. Cancers with the best funding vs deaths were breast, leukemia, and melanoma. Cancers with the best funding vs PYLL were breast, leukemia, and prostate. Colon, liver, lung, and bladder cancers were poorly funded in all 3 metrics. The correlation coefficients between funding and incidence, deaths, and PYLL were 0.74, 0.34, and 0.36, respectively. Conclusions: There is substantial support for cancer research and advocacy in both the government and nonprofit sectors. While funding by cancer type was moderately proportional to incidence, it was poorly correlated with deaths and PYLL. There is significant need to increase awareness and support for many under-supported, but common and highly lethal cancers.
CGE19-063: Creating a Clinical-Molecular Database to Study Patients with BRAF V600E-Mutated Brain Tumors
Authors: Ananth Yamini V. , Schreck Karisa
Published: March 2019

Background: Glioblastoma remains incurable, but detailed molecular characterization has revealed different genomic subtypes have differential survival and sensitivity to therapies. Correlating clinical with molecular data has proven challenging, however, limiting the field’s insight into the effect of specific mutations. BRAF V600E, a targetable mutation with important therapeutic implications, is not well studied in adults with high-grade gliomas. With this study we sought to establish a consolidated clinical-molecular database in order to ascertain the range of primary brain tumors with BRAF V600E mutations that occur in adults, and the clinical and histopathological features of these tumors. Methods: We created a secure, web-based database using the REDCap tool. We analyzed data from 29 adults with primary brain tumors containing the BRAF V600E mutation, recording gender, age at diagnosis, tumor pathology, molecular tumor information, dates of surgeries, time to progression, treatments received, response to treatment, and survival. Results: The patient cohort’s median age at diagnosis was 33 ± 3.2 years. These patients were followed for a median of 4.2 ± 1.5 years. Tumor grades ranged from WHO I to IV, with 59% (n=17) of tumors classified as high grade by WHO criteria (III or IV). Of the patients with high-grade gliomas, 60% (n=6) received chemotherapy and radiation within 4 months of diagnosis. Three patients were treated at progression: 1 received standard therapy, the other 2 received an experimental targeted therapy of dabrafenib and trametinib (BRAF/MEK inhibitors). Overall, the high-grade glioma cohort received a median of one treatment (range 0–4) with a median follow up of 1.2 ± 0.9 years. Conclusion: Understanding the natural history of different genomic subtypes of glioblastoma is critical for the appropriate application of novel therapeutics. Here we demonstrate that a clinical-pathological database consisting of clinical and molecular data from patients with an uncommon mutation in brain tumors (BRAF V600E) is useful for understanding the prevalence, distribution, and natural history of this disease. This novel database tool also creates a systematic manner in which to track the clinical outcome in cohorts of patients with specific mutations, which is of broad interest for patients with glioblastoma and other potentially targetable mutations.
BPI19-012: Differences in Stakeholder Perspectives Regarding Key Components of Shared Decision-Making for Mammography in Breast Cancer Screening for Women Ages 40–50
Authors: DuBenske Lori L. , Schrager Sarina B. , Little Terry A. , Burnside Elizabeth S.
Published: March 2019

Background: National health organizations offer contrasting guidelines for women aged 40–49 regarding when to begin and how often to use mammography screening for breast cancer. The ACS recommends average risk women aged 40–44 receive annual screening “if they wish to do so” and annual screening for women aged 45–54. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends individualized screening for average-risk women before age 50 advised by risk assessment and shared decision-making (SDM). Clinicians lack guidance on how to conduct and what elements to include in mammography SDM. Our prior work identified core elements via scoping review applied to a modified Delphi consensus process involving patients, primary care physicians (PCP), and healthcare decision scientists (HDS). This study examines stakeholder group differences in endorsing core SDM elements. Methods: The Delphi consensus included 10 patients, 10 PCP, and 10 HDS and fielded 48 items to codify core elements of mammography SDM. A threshold of 80% agreement across all participants was set to establish consensus for retaining or dropping an item. In this study, separate stakeholder groups’ endorsement rates for each item were calculated. Items were deemed to have stakeholder discrepancy if one group differed from the 2 others in either meeting or not meeting the 80% threshold criteria. Results: 16 items (13 retained, 3 dropped in Delphi) had a discrepant group. For all retained items, the discrepant group fell below 80% criteria for retaining. For 2 of the dropped items, discrepant groups achieved threshold for retaining the item. One item was dropped despite most participants voting to retain it (>80%) due to the discrepant group’s rating <80%. Patients rated less importance to educating women about risks and recommendations. PCPs rated lower importance to training PCPs and women for discussions about mammograms and having discussions on a regular basis. HDSs rated greater importance to considering mammogram procedures and costs in SDM. Discussion: Leading healthcare organizations are increasingly recommending SDM in breast cancer screening, among other decisions. Guidelines enumerating core elements of SDM are needed to effectively direct clinicians. This study, by illuminating differences between stakeholder group perspectives, highlights the importance of eliciting varied perspectives in identifying core elements of SDM when informing healthcare practices and policy.
CLO19-051: CDK 4/6 Inhibitor-Associated Hematologic Toxicities and Febrile Neutropenia in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Swarup Sriman , Sultan Anita , Ball Somedeb , Mogollon-Duffo Francis , Adhikari Nimesh , Myat Yin M. , Zaw Myo H. , Jones Catherine , Thein Kyaw Z.
Published: March 2019

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and the majority of breast cancers express the estrogen receptor or progesterone receptor. Inhibition of CDK4/6 signaling pathway has shown survival benefit in advanced breast cancer by overcoming endocrine therapy resistance. Yet, there are considerable hematologic toxicities associated with CDK 4/6 inhibitors and hence, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to determine the risk. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE databases, and meeting abstracts from inception through September 2018 were queried. RCTs that mention anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, neutropenia, and neutropenic fever as adverse effects were incorporated in the analysis. Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the estimated pooled risk ratio (RR) and risk difference (RD) with 95% CI. Random effects model was applied. Results: 8 RCTs (7 phase III and 1 phase II studies) with a total of 4,557 patients were eligible. The study arms used palbociclib/ribociclib/abemaciclib with letrozole or anastrozole or fulvestrant or other hormonal agent while the control arms utilized placebo in combination with letrozole or anastrozole or fulvestrant or other hormonal agent. The RR of all-grade side effects were as follows: anemia, 3.494 (95% CI: 2.535–4.814; P<.0001); thrombocytopenia, 6.066 (95% CI: 3.055–12.046; P<.0001); leukopenia, 10.376(95% CI: 7.236–14.879; P<.0001); and neutropenia, 14.387 (95% CI: 10.877–19.031; P<.0001). The RR of high-grade adverse effects were as follows: anemia, 2.251 (95% CI: 1.393–3.637; P=.001); thrombocytopenia, 3.696 (95% CI: 1.417–9.642; P=.008); leukopenia, 22.083(95% CI: 12.126–40.217; P<.0001); neutropenia, 33.527(95% CI: 17.271–65.082; P<.001). Neutropenic fever was noted in 71 (3.73%) in CDK 4/6 inhibitors group vs 28 (2.18%) in control arm. The pooled RR was statistically significant at 12.056 (95% CI: 1. 352–3.127; P=.001) and RD was 0.014 (95% CI: −0.002–0.029; P=.078) Conclusion: CDK 4/6 inhibitors–based regimen significantly contributed to all hematologic toxicities as well as febrile neutropenia. The improved efficacy outcomes and manageable toxicities with CDK 4/6 inhibitors are observed with proper supportive care and close monitoring.
BPI19-013: Use of Clinical Decision Support and Peer Review to Increase NCCN Guidelines Adherence
Authors: Gratias Eric , Spangler David , Rausa Margaret
Published: March 2019

Background: eviCore healthcare uses the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) to support its proprietary program for medical oncology drug management. All treatment regimens assigned NCCN Category of Evidence 1, 2A, or 2B are considered NCCN-adherent treatment selections in the eviCore program. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pattern of NCCN adherence during the first year following program launch in regional payer markets. Methods: All cancer drug treatment authorization requests submitted in month 1 and month 12 following program launch for 4 regional third-party payers representing 13 different states were included, each of whom had management of high cost oncology drugs in place prior to eviCore program launch. Month 1 data were used as a surrogate for pre-program NCCN adherence, which is an overestimate as there is significant eviCore program impact on patients initiating therapy during that time. Requests with incomplete clinical data were excluded from analysis. Included requests were stratified by month 1 or month 12 from initial program launch date for each health plan. NCCN adherence was assigned based on the results of the clinical decision support and peer consultation processes utilized by eviCore to adjudicate the treatment request. NCCN adherence rate was calculated for each subgroup and a cumulative NCCN adherence rate for all included cases was calculated using weighted average accounting for volume differences by market. Results: There were 2,028 treatment regimen requests that were fully evaluable, with 1,285 occurring in month 1 and 743 occurring in month 12 following program launch. The rate of NCCN adherence increased for each health plan during the first program year, ranging from 69%–84% in month 1 and rising to 79%–91% in month 12. The weighted cumulative NCCN adherence during month 1 for all included plans was 75% and rose to 88% at month 12 following program launch. Conclusions: Use of clinical decision support supplemented by peer consultation is an effective means of increasing oncologists’ adherence to NCCN-recommended therapies across a broad range of regional provider markets. Additional study is warranted to determine whether this methodology can be applied to NCCN Categories of Preference to direct more patients toward preferred regimens with superior efficacy, safety, and affordability to further improve quality of care and lower total medical costs.
HSR19-109: The Healthy Days Measure in a Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Population Treated With Novel Oral Therapies
Authors: Schultz Neil M. , Caplan Eleanor O. , Wilson Sam , Sheer Richard , Suehs Brandon T.
Published: March 2019

Background: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important patient-reported outcome to assess in patients with prostate cancer (PC). A variety of general and disease-specific measures have been developed, but there is a lack of evidence on performance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Healthy Days (HDs) measure in a population with metastatic disease relative to other validated scales. Objective: To report and understand general HRQoL using the HDs instrument in patients with metastatic PC taking novel oral therapies and compare results to validated scales. Methods: Patients currently enrolled in a Medicare Advantage or Prescription Drug plan treated with enzalutamide or abiraterone acetate were eligible for inclusion. Patients undertook a telephone-based survey including 2 HRQoL questionnaires (Short-Form 36, version 2 [SF-36] survey and the CDC HDs measures), the Service Satisfaction with Cancer Care (SCA) instrument, and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue). Higher scores indicated higher HRQoL on all surveys, except the HDs scale, where higher numbers indicated lower HRQoL (ie, unhealthy days). Pearson correlations with SF-36 and HDs measures and SCA and FACIT-Fatigue were assessed. Results: 1,745 patients were eligible to participate; 269 completed the survey and were included in the analysis. The mean (standard deviation) age was 74.4 (±7.3) years and 82% were Caucasian. Patients had lower physical HRQoL and a higher number of physically unhealthy days, compared to mental health impacts on both scales. The mean Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) norm-based scores for the SF-36 were 39.9 (±10.6) and 53.4 (±10.4). The mean number of physically and mentally unhealthy days reported in a 30-day period were 9.2 (±11.3) and 3.9 (±7.7), respectively. The unadjusted correlations between scores were all statistically significant (P<.05). Conclusions: The SF-36 and HDs measures both indicated physical health was impacted more than mental health in these patients. The correlations with both HRQoL measures and the other scales were similar in terms of magnitude and significance. This indicates that the HDs instrument may be a useful measure for assessment of general HRQoL in patients with metastatic PC and provides an understanding of general HRQoL in this population that can be utilized to identify opportunities for enhancing patient-centered care.
YIA19-004: Collateral Deletion of Glycolysis Genes Generates Selective Vulnerabilities to Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Muller Florian ,   Yu-Hsi Lin,   Nikunj Satani, Hammoudi Naima
Published: March 2019

Targeted therapies attacking specific genetic alterations in tumor cells have been an effective strategy in the treatment of many cancers and underlie the concept of “precision medicine.” Successes in various cancers have resulted almost exclusively from targeting activated oncogenes, but this approach has not been proven effective in patients with glioblastoma. We have taken a radically different approach to molecular therapy by targeting genomic deletions, which heretofore have not been considered to be therapeutically actionable. In a chemical biology drug screen of gliomas with passenger deletions in the glycolytic gene Enolase 1 (ENO1), we found that the most cytotoxic agents were those that inhibited mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), including a new drug developed at MD Anderson Cancer Center by the Institute of Applied Cancer Science (IACS), which inhibits OxPhos by binding mitochondrial complex I with nM affinity. Exquisite sensitivity to OxPhos inhibition derives from impaired glycolysis, as ENO1-deleted cells are unable to compensatory upregulate glycolysis in the face of inhibition of OxPhos, and succumb to bioenergetic failure. In addition to ENO1-deletions, we find that passenger deletion of other metabolic genes, including 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), also exhibit selective sensitivity to OxPhos inhibition by the same underlying biochemical mechanism. The IACS compound was found to penetrate the blood brain-barrier and to eradicate PGD and ENO1-deleted intracranial xenografts. The lead OxPhos inhibitor, IACS-10759, is currently in phase 1 clinical trial for leukemia, and our data provide a strong rationale for advancing this agent to clinical trials in glioblastoma patients.
PCL19-114: Development of Locally Deliverable Polymeric Microspheres With Environmentally Specific Release for the Improvement of Cancer Therapy
Authors: Sokolowski Karol , Buhrman Jason S. , Gemeinhart Richard A.
Published: March 2019

Background: Cancer therapy has made incredible leaps in extending patient lifespans. Unfortunately, most therapy is delivered via a systemic route and often suffers from dose-limiting systemic toxicities, resulting in cessation of therapy or decline in quality of life. Nanotechnology efforts to improve tolerability of systemic agents have suffered limited market viability due to problems such as rapid clearance, circulation instability, and low tumor site accumulation. While local delivery allows for overcoming the aforementioned hurdles, pre-set formulations and nonspecific release pose alternate issues. To approach these challenges, we aimed to investigate our previously developed solid nanoparticles for delivery of protein-based therapy capable of addressing a tumor-specific profile and with selective release within the tumor environment due to elevated thrombin levels. Methods: Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate microspheres [PEGDAmS] were prepared using previously described polymerization within a reverse phase emulsion. Compounding patient-specific therapy was evaluated using fluorophore labeled glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and GST-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion proteins. Protein loading was analyzed using fluorescence reading and concurrent gel densitometry. Loaded PEGDAmS were delivered into the frontal lobes of Sprague-Dawley rats through a syringe and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy after sacrifice at 48 hours. Results: The addition of 0.2% tween20 surfactant to polymerization reduced PEGDAmS diameter (38.3±30.7 μm to 8.6±6.5 μm) and allowed for minimally invasive delivery to the cranial cavity through a 26S gauge needle. Compounding a tumor-specific regimen is achievable as premixed protein solutions exhibited solution-representative loading on PEGDAmS. Additionally, preloaded vehicles did not demonstrate appreciable cross contamination over 7 days when incubated in close proximity, demonstrating the feasibility of concurrent delivery of various preloaded formulations. Loaded PEGDAmS exhibited environment specific delivery with extensive release of thrombin cleavable GST-GFP in plasma but greatly reduced in anticoagulated plasma. Conclusion: We have shown the ability to locally administer a delivery system with modular therapy-loading and responsiveness to the tumor microenvironment. Further investigation is warranted to explore local delivery of GST-tagged oncology-relevant biologic agents in the presence of a tumor in vivo.
HSR19-110: Predicting Candidates for Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC: The Role of Computed Tomography and Diagnostic Laparoscopy
Authors: Selesner Leigh , Gauvin Gabrielle , Mutabdzic Dorotea , O’Halloran Eileen , Kilcoyne Maxwell , Ang Kwan-Keat , Farma Jeffrey , Sigurdson Elin , Reddy Sanjay
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CS/HIPEC) has led to improved survival in select patients with peritoneal surface malignancies. Predicting the volume of disease and any unresectable disease is important for determining CS candidacy. Computed tomography (CT) scan is the preoperative assessment of choice, and diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) is also supported in the literature but has not been widely adopted. In this study, we report our experience comparing and evaluating the role of imaging and DL in the preoperative assessment of patients being considered for CS/HIPEC. Methods: Patients considered for CS/HIPEC at our tertiary cancer center between January 2012 and December 2017 were included. Diagnostic modality sensitivity and specificity were calculated by comparing findings on CT scan and DL to findings at the time of laparotomy and on final pathology. Specificity and sensitivity of the 2 modalities were compared using the McNemar Chi-square test. Results: Our analysis included 71 patients (60.5% male, mean age of 54.9) seen in consultation for CS/HIPEC. Primary cancer diagnosis was 57.7% colorectal cancer, 25.4% pseudomyxoma peritonei, 8.5% mesothelioma, and 8.5% adenocarcinoma of unknown primary. DL was done in 42.3% of patients (median time of 30 days between CT and DL) and an open procedure was done directly after CT in 39.4% (median interval time of 39 days). Findings of DL identified 70% as being unresectable and hence ineligible for HIPEC. The median interval time between 2 operations was 29 days (range, 16–42). When comparing diagnostic modalities to open surgery and final pathology, CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 48.2% and 76.4% and DL, 68.2% and 88.9%, respectively. DL was significantly more sensitive and specific than CT (χ2=5.54; P<.0186) at predicting ascites, small bowel, omental, liver, and lymph node involvement. Conclusion: Our results support the recommendation for performing DL prior to open exploration in patients considered for CS/HIPEC. In our cohort, DL was significantly more sensitive and specific than CT in predicting disease volume and distribution. While there is obviously greater risk to an invasive modality compared to non-invasive CT scan, routine performance of DL can potentially avoid laparotomy without CS/HIPEC in a large proportion of patients. These results will be used to inform the next phase of our study: a prospective clinical trial.
BPI19-014: Standardization of a Survivorship Program: A Single Institution Experience
Authors: Harr Bridgett , Bodmann Joanna , Tackitt Helen
Published: March 2019

Background: Survivorship care (SC) has evolved since its inception, as there are many approaches to provide care for the cancer survivor. In review of disease-specific programs offered, it was determined there were varying levels of commitment and resources within the same institution. Due to Commission on Cancer (CoC) requirements for eligible patients to be offered SC, a project was undertaken to standardize SC by: (1) establishing a comprehensive, standardized assessment for SC, (2) delivering consistent SC across disease groups, (3) encouraging evidence-based multidisciplinary management, and (4) meeting CoC standards of SC plan (SCP) delivery. Methods: SC is delivered by embedded, disease-specific advanced practice providers (APPs). All patients receive a personalized SCP, along with general survivorship education. Due to differences in resources and survivorship expertise, not all patients receive the same care quality. An APP committee was created to review the NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines) for Survivorship and develop a comprehensive program. A questionnaire was created to address survivorship-specific concerns. An order set was created to highlight available resources. Additionally, evidence-based practice guidelines were created for each survivorship concern to assist the provider in identification and management. This was added to standard materials, and tailored education is given based on concerns identified during the visit. Referrals and orders are placed as appropriate. Results: Across the institution, SCP delivery is on track to meet CoC standards for 2018. A database has been developed to track and audit completion of SCP delivery. The standardized survivorship questionnaire was implemented to enhance the meaningfulness of the survivorship visit. This was executed during the 4th quarter of this year with review and revision underway. Conclusions: Standardized delivery of SC is improving with positive feedback from the patients. The survivorship questionnaire and supporting materials have been well-received by APP staff to assist in quality care. Some areas continue to lack adequate resources for implementation and will pose challenges in the future to meet accrual metrics. Future goals include creating pre-visit electronic questionnaires and repeat assessments to address survivors’ evolving needs. Prospective data will be collected on survivors to assess unmet needs and population differences.
QIM19-140: A New Standard of Care
Authors: Rivero Bianshly Rivera ,   Brenda Connolly, Kapsick Melissa , Pabbathi Smitha R.
Published: March 2019

Background: Nationally, many cancer survivors do not receive a survivorship care plan following completion of therapy. The American College of Surgeons’ Commission of Cancer’s Standard 3.3 requirement for accreditation placed this issue front and center for many of the participating cancer programs. The Commission on Cancer (CoC) survey found only one fifth of the cancer programs would be successful by 2015 and thus updated the standard in 2017. We describe a successful process created to deliver on this standard in an NCI designated cancer center to meet the needs of our patients. Methods: In early 2017, a multidisciplinary task force was created to initiate and implement survivorship care plans for newly diagnosed patients. Eligibility for care plans is determined by the CoC and the Moffitt cancer committee. The initiative included a cost-effective solution, “Journey Forward.” Moffitt Cancer Center was able to incorporate additional specific patient education and surveillance recommendations. A dedicated nursing team creating the care plans individually discussed with patients with the oversight of the Cancer Committee. Results: With collaboration from the cancer registry, nursing leadership and survivorship clinic, the diseases targeted initially were breast, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, head and neck, gynecology, non-small cell lung, thyroid, and lymphoma. Within 5 months of inception of the task force, 25% of survivorship care plans (SCP) were completed and by the end of the 2017 calendar year, we delivered 50% of analytic cases treated, amounting to approximately 2,500. The care plans were housed in the electronic medical record and available for patients via the patient portal. Conclusions: This initiative is made up of a multidisciplinary team from senior leadership, cancer committee members, the cancer registry, the survivorship clinic staff, nursing, social work, health information management, case management, and our information technology colleagues. A shared passion and vision lead the task force’s momentum. We all believed this was not just a mandate to comply with but a communication tool that is essential for our patients’ wellness long-term. Although there is minimal evidence to show the benefit of SCP with regard to outcomes, our team felt this document can indeed assist cancer patients’ transition into the next phase of their journey. Our project has improved the patient experience with positive feedback.
Physical Internet, Africa’s Transport Infrastructure and Capacity Building
Authors: Mayuto Radjabu , Aïhounhin Sègbédji Parfait , Abodohoui Alexis , Chrysostome Elie
Published: March 2019

This paper analyzes capacity building in transportation, logistics, and security in Africa. It is one of the first few research studies that reflects the reality of the development of Africa’s infrastructural capacity for transport, based on the notion of the Physical Internet. Grounded on the analysis of the economic, environmental, and social impacts of transport logistics on the continent, the research sheds light on the deficit in infrastructure capacity of African countries. To this end, the study provides a set of recommendations for capacity building across African transport sectors.
Management of Knowledge Transfer for Capacity Building in Africa
Authors: Hatcheu Emil Tchawe
Published: March 2019

Between sporadic remittances and training of a qualified manpower mastering new technologies, what does Africa expect from its diaspora to fill its development gap in the current context of globalization? When it comes to capital building, defined as the process or strategy to endow or increase the technical, managerial, or intellectual skills of an individual or a group, its know-how or knowledge, and financial capital or purchasing power, the World Bank and other development partners seem to grant priority to remittances. This paper strongly suggests that attention may be granted to the transfer of scientific knowledge between Africa and its diaspora, as many believe that progressing knowledge would help bring out a neglected source of wealth to fight the scourges responsible for political and economic backwardness in industrial countries. The development models based on the diaspora’s contribution in several countries and regions of the world, particularly in Asia, show the importance of knowledge transfer in capacity building. Similarly, Silicon Valley in California demonstrates the role of emigrants in the knowledge industry. As the brain drain is a normal phenomenon of globalization, emigration of African professionals is no more an obstacle to Africa’s development. Rather, the African diaspora constitutes a pool of human and investment capital that can strongly contribute to the continent’s development. From our point of view, the diaspora has an important role to play in capacity building, provided respective governments come up with sound policies to promote its participation. The diaspora’s participation in nation-building without physical relocation on the one hand, and the existence of the first generation of retired researchers and academics organized into civil society associations such as AED (Association for Education and Development) in Cameroon, on the other hand, constitute the pipeline of knowledge transmission. African partners and its diaspora can build a genuine partnership to create sustainable and competitive scientific institutions in Africa on this foundation. Improved governance, leadership, regulations, and immigration policy of sending and receiving countries are necessary for transnational scholarly/economic engagement.
Poétique du carnet dans Cahier d’un retour au pays natal d’Aimé Césaire
Authors: Hel-Bongo Olga
Published: March 2019

Partant des circonstances rédactionnelles deCahier d’un retour au pays natal, nous voudrions montrer dans cet article comment Aimé Césaire passe par tous les modes du carnet : carnet de notes ou de brouillon, cahier d’écriture et de doléances, carnet de voyage et de route. Si l’oeuvre est si achevée, c’est sans doute parce que le poète met en place un dispositif d’éléments antinomiques qui font dialoguer les principaux actants de l’histoire antillaise depuis la conquête, la traite, l’esclavage et la colonisation jusqu’aux temps modernes. Le « je » poétique a ceci de particulier qu’il entre, sort et pivote autour d’une dizaine d’instances de parole qui composent son moi, démultiplié en figures et discours relatant l’histoire de la civilisation antillaise. La visée serait de défaire la doxa et les stéréotypes convenus sur des êtres et des choses pour mettre en place un nouvel ordre du discours, plus proche de la vérité du poète-essayiste. Une véritable dialectique de la conscience se joue donc, dansCahier d’un retour au pays natal, prise avec délectation dans ses propres mouvements et contradictions.
La encrucijada energética: Estrategias para el desarrollo energético sostenible
Authors: Hidalgo Carlos
Published: March 2019

La energía es la sangre que mueve la sociedad actual y uno de los factores que ha contribuido decisivamente a la mejora de la calidad de vida de la humanidad. Se espera que en 2050 se hayan duplicado las necesidades energéticas de la población mundial, por lo que se hacen necesarias nuevas estrategias para su desarrollo sostenible teniendo en cuenta el agotamiento de los combustibles fósiles y su impacto medioambiental. Este artículo aborda los retos y oportunidades a que nos enfrentamos en el desarrollo de sistemas globales de energía y enfatiza cuán fuertemente están interconectados los debates sobre energía y clima.
La ciència i els reptes del nostre temps: Una reflexió sobre el paper futur de la recerca científica
Authors: Puigdomènech Pere
Published: March 2019

La ciència s’ha desenvolupat com una activitat intel·lectual de forma especialment extensa i intensa des del final del segle XIX. Els seus resultats i els d’un conjunt complex de tecnologies estan marcant la vida dels nostres ciutadans i influeixen en alguns dels paràmetres globals del planeta. En aquesta situació els professionals de la ciència es plantegen els objectius del seu treball en termes de les problemàtiques a les quals s’enfronten les seves disciplines per la seva pròpia dinàmica interna, però també per les demandes que la societat planteja. Reflexionar sobre aquestes diferents perspectives per definir les activitats de la recerca és una necessitat per als investigadors. D’aquesta manera haurien de participar també en la reflexió social sobre aquelles qüestions que pensem que són importants per al futur de la nostra societat.
L’agricultura del futur: Ciència i tecnologia per al desenvolupament agrícola sostenible
Authors: Arús Pere
Published: March 2019

Assegurar l’alimentació d’una població humana creixent, amb criteris de sostenibilitat i davant l’amenaça del canvi climàtic són els reptes principals de l’agricultura del segle XXI. Les solucions són necessàriament complexes i requereixen mesures diverses i coordinades que depenen, com a factors clau, del progrés de la ciència i del desenvolupament de tecnologies que ens permetin fer un ús més eficient dels recursos disponibles, augmentant les collites i proporcionant la qualitat alimentària adequada per nodrir el món. Les tecnologies com la genòmica, la informàtica, la robòtica i la nanotecnologia i la seva correcta aplicació, que demandarà uns usuaris altament qualificats allí on calgui, seran també elements crucials per a aconseguir aquests objectius.