bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Influence of Anatomical Characteristics on Dyeing Effects of Plantation Pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. Veneer
Authors: Guan Xue Mei , Guo Ming Hui
Published: June 2010

This paper takes plantation pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. as study object, determines main anatomical factors influencing wood dyeing effects by measuring the related indexes of wood anatomical structure and dyeing effects, making a multiple regression analysis of them and analyzing the correlation variation law between wood anatomical structure and dyeing effects. The results show that there is a high correlation between pinus sylvestnis var. mongolica litv. dyeing effects and wood anatomical factors and the multiple correlation coefficients between anatomical factors and various dyeing effect indexes are between 0.573 and 0.786. The main anatomical factors influencing pinus sylvestnis var.mongolica litv.dyeing effects are tracheid proportion, wood ray proportion, resin canal proportion and late wood tracheid length, etc.
The Thermal Treatment Properties of the Tars from Sewage Sludge Gasification
Authors: Wu Xia , Xie Li Ping , Li Tao
Published: June 2010

The properties of pyrolysis and combustion of five tars, which are produced from the gasification of five sewage sludges in the external heated downdraft reactor under the gasification temperature of 800 °C and the air flow rate of 0.05 m3/h, were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis with a heating rate of 10 °C/min in the atmosphere of nitrogen and air, respectively. The results indicate that the thermal processes of five tars in the two atmospheres can be divided into two stages. The releasing of light organic matters happens in the first stage, and there also exists the decomposition reaction during pyrolysis. The second stage is the decomposition or combustion stage of the remaining heavy organic matters for the pyrolysis or combustion. The reaction mechanisms in the two atmospheres have been studied with Coats-Redfern equation. It shows that the mechanisms of five tars in the same atmosphere are different.
Start-Up Procedures and Analysis of Microbial Segregation in HABR Using Synthetic Brewery Wastewater
Authors: Li Hui Ting , Li Yong Feng , Gao Yan Jiao , Wang Shu Ai
Published: June 2010

A laboratory-scale hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor (HABR) with five compartments using synthetic brewery wastewater as organic loading rates (OLRs) was investigated for the start-up performance and the effects of microbial community segregation on reactor start-up. Experimental results demonstrated that it was found that the COD removal efficiencies were 92~96% at 1.2 kgCOD/(m3•d) feeding over a period of 33 d, after which the reactors then successfully started. The highest percentage of CO2 in biogas was found in Compartment 1, thereafter decreased from Compartment 2 to Compartment 5 which corresponded to the increased of the percentage of CH4. It indicated that the proper anaerobic consortium in each separate compartment was developed along with specific environmental conditions, which offers the explanations that high treatment efficiency of HABR accompanied by high process stability and low operational requirements in start-up period.
The Application of Extruder in Chemical-Machinery Pulping Production and the Influence of the Wastewater Biochemical Treatment
Authors: Yue Jin Quan , Wang Hua Ying
Published: June 2010

Traditional chemical-machinery producing mainly took the refiner as the primary refining equipment. Extrusion pulping was the reformation of traditional refining pulping. The different equipments and processes resulted in the different characteristics of wastewater inevitably. This article aimed to compare the characteristics and biochemical treatment methods between conventional chemical-mechanical pulping and extrusion pulping, and then discuss the biochemical treatment advantages of extrusion pulping wastewater. The result shows that: the wastewater from the extrusion pulping has lower concentration of tiny fiber, load suspended matter, wastewater temperature and effluent discharge. And thus make a simpler process, a lower cost and a better effect of the wastewater treatment.
The Stress Response and Remediation of Plant on Oil-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Qu Min , Zhang Yan Ming
Published: June 2010

Oil pollution is seriously harmful to soil environment and human health. In order to verify the physiological and biochemical response of phytoremediation to oil-contaminated soil and test the relationship between the soil activity and the rate of oil degradation, in the present study, alfalfa, ryegrass, marigold and cosmos are used as the test plants. Through observing the morphological differences, such as germination rate, seedling height and root length, of four plant species under different concentrations of oil-contaminated soil, and measuring the physiological and biochemical indexes, which including MDA, soluble sugars, free proline, soluble protein and chlorophyll etc, and the change of oil degradation rate during the growth process of plant, results proved that plants could improve self-protection capabilities to resist the oil pollution by accumulating osmoregulation substances when they were subject to oil-contaminated stress. By analyzing the changes of polyphenol oxidase, it indicated that the plants can regulate enzyme activity in the oil-contaminated soil, and enhanced it. Comprehensive comparison of the above indexes, we draw a conclusion that alfalfa is an ideal species to repair the oil-contaminated soiland Marigold is the second candidate. In general, our work will lay the theoretic basis for phytoremediation technology research.
Effect of Sulfate Contaminant on Soil Properties and Infrastructure Safety in Permafrost Regions
Authors: Yuan Xi Zhong , Zhu Yuan Lin , Zhang Ning
Published: June 2010

Contamination of unfrozen water in frozen soil could have adverse effects on surrounding infrastructure such as foundation instability or deterioration of trafficability. This paper describes the results of the experimental examination of the physical properties and mechanical behavior of Na2SO4 contaminated soil. Initial freezing temperature test, unfrozen water content test and unconfined compression tests were conducted on silts with 3 levels of concentrations (6, 18 and 42 ppt) of Na2SO4 and nonsaline cases at temperatures ranging between 0°C and -20°C. The test results indicate that the presence of salt significantly affect the physical properties and mechanical behavior of the frozen soil. Contamination of soils will cause depression of freezing temperature and degradation of permafrost. The freezing temperature depression ratio of Na2SO4 contaminated soil is 0.028°C/ppt. The unfrozen water content increases with an increase in salinity and temperature. The strength decreases with an increase in salinity, and the strength loss ratio of Na2SO4 contaminated soil is among 0.02-0.04MPa/ppt. Combined the effect of salinity and temperature on the strength, the decrease in strength with increase in unfrozen water content follows an exponential relationship. So estimation of salt concentration in the soil, and predictions of future increases of salt in the soil, is essential for design of buildings and roadways in permafrost.
Environmental Performance Evaluation of Thermal Power Plant with Variable Weight Coefficient and Fuzzy Pattern Recognition
Authors: Li Jin Ying , Li Jin Chao , Gao Man Li
Published: June 2010

Environmental performance evaluation is a multi-attribute evaluation problem. The determination of indicators’ weight is the key problem in the multi-attributes evaluation. This paper set up an evaluation model based on multi-attribute variable coefficients and fuzzy pattern recognition aimed at a thermal power plant. The model gives full play to the advantages of the subjective and the objective coefficients and enables itself to alter the coefficients in accordance with the specific indicator values of evaluated objects, hence, bringing the function of performance evaluation into full play.
Effects of Addition Ammonia Modified Urea-Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin on the Adhesions and Formaldehyde Emission in Plywood
Authors: Shi Jun You , Ye Sheng You
Published: June 2010

This study was carried out to investigated the effect of addition ammonia which concentration is 20 percent modified urea-melamine-formaldehyde resin on the formald-ehyde emission and internal bonding strength, when hotpress temperature, time and pressure for every plywood was coincide.To determine and compare the effect of ammonia content 0, 2.5, 5 percent by weight of formaldehyde were used. To determine the level of formaldehyde emission, we used the desiccator method. The formaldehyde emissions from poplar multi-plywoods were significantly decreased with increased additions of ammonia, at a ammonia ratio of only 2.5%, the formaldehyde emission level of the un-coated samples which is seven-ply plywood can meet the F☆☆☆ grade, and also the samples with 2.5% ammonia modified resin hot-pressed showed good bonding strength.
The Spatial Distribution of Nutrient and Heavy Metals in Shouguang Reed Wetland Soil for Receiving Drainage
Authors: Lv Xiao Lei , Ma Fang , Wei Li , Wang Li , Pang Chang Long
Published: June 2010

In this study, a survey for the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Shouguang reed wetland of China was conducted. Samples were collected from water and soil in two parts of the wetland: treatment wetland and natural wetland. The elements including K, Ca, Na, Mg, Al, Fe, As, Cr, Pb, Zn, Mn, Hg were analyzed. The changes of their contents along the flow direction were investigated and the contents in treatment wetland and natural wetland were compared. The data indicates that the contents of nutrient and heavy metals decrease along the flow direction. The soil in Shouguang is saline-alkali. The nutrient elements are enriched, while the heavy metals are in low concentrations. The content of the nutrient and heavy metal in treatment wetland is higher than that in natural wetland. The removal rate of the element is Fe(68.6%), Al(45.8%), K(44.7%), Na (25.7%), Ca(23.1%), Mg(22.8%), Pb(90.45%), Zn (87.83%), Cd(71.16%), Mn(56.75%), Cr(40%). The Hg and Cd are undetected. Contents of As, Cr, Pb ,Zn and Mn in soil are highest in top layer. With the depth increasing, the concentration of heavy metal decreases.
Kinetics of Lactic Acid Fermentation on Food Waste by Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Authors: Wang Min , Xu Zhi Jun , Qiu Tian Lei , Sun Xiao Hong , Han Mei Lin , Wang Xu Ming
Published: June 2010

Lactic acid (LA) production from food waste (FW) is a novel recycling method for organic solid waste. In this study, 35.12g/L LA produced from non-autoclaved FW by Lactobacillus bulgaricus, with a volumetric productivity of 0.98g/(L•h). The kinetic model of lactic acid formation in the FW fermentation at 45 0C and pH 5.5-6.0 was established. A nonlinear parameter estimation procedure was used to obtain optimal kinetic model parameters.
Enhancing the Integration of Watershed Management
Authors: Cheng Yao , Ma Fang , Du Cong
Published: June 2010

The development of integrated watershed management has become an important issue among the most urgent priorities. For a well developed watershed management system, it is crucial to generalize the information from policy drivers as well as natural and social scientists. Our work mainly focuses on development of watershed management strategies in framework of multidiscipline and multi-stakeholder decision making process. In order to integrate information at multiple levels of applied process, the adaptive approaches are particularly studied. Some important integration strategies for watershed management are further discussed in the last part. Based on the available projects, it can be concluded that a well enhanced integration of watershed management will obtain remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Analysis of Forest Resource Change in Mao’er Mountain Forest Farm Based on GIS
Authors: Liu Tie Dong , Gong Wen Feng , Wang Wei Hong
Published: June 2010

This paper, based on the forest map of Mao’er Mountain in 1983 and forest inventory sub-compartment database of Mao’er Mountain in 2004, and with the support of geographical information system (GIS), presents the results of study of forest resource change in the periods, which reflected the change of forest type spatial distribution. Furthermore, this study focuses on the construction and present situation of dynamic forest resource by overlaying the forest resource distribution with DEM in which the vectorization of topographical maps was made by using the vector data for creating the digital elevation model (DEM). The results demonstrate that the area of study region decreased to 216 hm2; and the area of open forest land, new afforestation, non-standing forest, farmland and wetland were decreased; the area of forest land, rivers and lakes, agricultural land and the road land are increasing. Meanwhile, it also indicts that the construction of forest resources was not reasonable, in which the proportions of midlife and near-mature forest are larger, the stocks of midlife and near-mature forest increases, and the stock of mature forest decreased greatly. Finally, the study focuses on the forest resource spatial distribution by overlay analysis combined DEM with forest resources construction, which aimed to adjust the current unreasonable situation for the sustainable management of forest resources in the future.
Knowledge-Based Environmental Information System Support for Wetland Resources Protection and Utilization
Authors: Luo Jun , Zhang Wei Guo , Wu Bing Shan
Published: June 2010

Unsuitable development of wetland area will cause serious environmental problems. Thus, wetland development and environmental protection has become an issue of national emphasis for the environmental management in the world. There is a demand for planning and decision strategies in this complex area. Because of the complexity and the enormous amount of relevant data, the decision makers need effective support for their decisions. The use of a knowledge-based approach is a solution for reducing this complexity. Accordingly, this study adopts knowledge management techniques and information technology to acquire and retain all kind of knowledge needed for the decision making process, and discusses the development of knowledge-based environmental information system promote the sustainable development wetland. The aim of this paper is to develop knowledge base system integrate with the existing information database and improve the knowledge base associated with environmental decision processes to help the sustainable development of wetland.
The Path Choice of Legislation on Agro-Eco-Environment in China
Authors: Lin Hong
Published: June 2010

In order to protect and improve the agricultural environment that has been fragile in our country and to make for sustainable development in agriculture，the paper, using induction and synthesis method, describes in detail the problems existing in agro-eco-environment legislation and analyzes concretely the causes. Besides，legislation advice on our ecological agricultural environment has also been put forward, providing legislation reference for further perfecting environment resources law, and has definite operability in practice.
Pilot Study on Ultrafiltration of Produced Water from Polymer Flooding for Reuse
Authors: Xu Jun , Shi Wen Xin , Yu Shui Li , Qu Wen Ming
Published: June 2010

Produced water from polymer flooding (PWfPF) in oilfield is high contents of crude oil, total suspension substance (TSS), hydrolyzed polyacrylamide and salinity. Most existing traditional processes in China are incapable to treat PWfPF to meet the reinjection water quality for low and ultra-low permeability reservoirs. In the present paper, a hydrophilized tubular polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane with a total active area of 110 m2 manufactured by our laboratory was used for ultrafiltration of the PWfPF. The temperature and volume reduction factor (VRF) of the PWfPF were fixed at 37 °C and 4, respectively. The influences of transmembrane pressure (TMP) and crossflow velocity on the membrane flux were investigated. The experimental results showed that a TMP of 0.20 MPa and crossflow velocity of 4.5 m/s were the optimum operation conditions. Under the above conditions, long-term filtration experiments were conducted for 12 months to evaluate the effectiveness of the membrane. The obtained results revealed that the membrane average flux could reach 75 L/(m2•h) and the flux recovery was more than 95%. In the permeate, the content of crude oil and turbidity were respectively lower than 1 mg/L and 1 NTU, while the TSS was consistently below detection limits (2.5 mg/L), all of which reached the highest reinjection criteria for oilfield in China and demonstrated that the membrane has a good anti-fouling characteristics to PWfPF.
Study on the Relationship between Surface Color of Veneer and Dyeing Technique for Pinus sylvest var. mongolica
Authors: Guan Xue Mei , Guo Ming Hui
Published: June 2010

Dyeing experiment was conducted to explore the effects of dyeing concentration, Penetrant concentration, ash concentration, salt concentration, dyeing temperature and dyeing time, Fixing time, liquor ratio on surface coloration of Pinus sylvest var. mongolica as test material and reactive brilliant red X-3B as reagents. Color difference was measured by amulti-lightsource spectrophotometer, and results showed that dye concentration for the effects of color difference was monotonous relationship, and the other the impact of changed in both convex and concave, and finally to determined the optimal color for the dyeing process: dyeing concentration1%, Penetrant concentration0.1%, ash concentration, 2.5% salt concentration1.5%, dyeing temperature85°C and dyeing time60min, Fixing time40min, liquor ratio17:1.
Impact of Organic Loading Rate and DO on Filamentous Bulking Sludge and the Study of its Characteristics in Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Tian Yu , Su Xin Ying , Chen Lin , Jiang Tian Ling
Published: June 2010

The membrane fouling behaviors and fouling mechanism of filamentous bulking sludge in membrane bioreactor (MBR) have been reported in recent studies. However, few studies have been conducted towards the causes and control of filamentous bulking sludge in MBR. In order to make clear the conditions of filamentous bacteria overgrowth in MBR, the impact of DO and organic loading rate on filamentous growth and its characteristics were investigated in this paper. The results showed that overgrowth of filamentous bacteria occurred under a relatively high substrate concentration (organic loading rate was 0.61 KgCOD/(KgMLSS•d), and DO was above 2 mg/L) in MBR. Nutrient removal effect can not be deteriorated under filamentous bulking sludge, with average 95, 57 and 92% removal efficiencies of COD, TN and TP respectively. The particle size of filamentous sludge was larger than that of normal sludge and the filamentous bacteria produced more SMP and EPS than floc forming bacteria.
The Prediction of River Water Pollution Density Based on Data Mining Technology
Authors: Wang Chen Ye , Liu Bin Sheng , Qiu Er Wei
Published: June 2010

In order to increase the prediction precision, this article proposes a forecasting model in water pollution density based on data mining technology. The model consists of three stages: first, the rough set theory and the genetic algorithm are applied to select relevant forecasting variable to the water pollution density; second, training pattern of artificial neural network which is similar to the forecast term is carried out by using data mining technology; finally the artificial neural network is used to carry on forecasting the water pollution density. The applied result shows that this model has a higher precision and surpasses gray GM (1, 1) and the pure BP artificial neural network model.
Influence of Fly Ash on the Mechanical Properties of Engineered Cementitious Composites Cured at High Temperature
Authors: Zhu Yu , Yang Ying Zi , Deng Hong Wei , Yao Yan
Published: June 2010

In order to investigate the mechanical properties of cementitious composites (ECC) cured at 60°C, four-point bending test and compressive strength test are employed to analyze the effect of fly ash on the properties of ECC. The replacement ratio of cement with fly ash is 50%, 70% and 80%, respectively. The test results indicate that ECC with high volume fly ash still remain the characteristic of pseudo-strain hardening and the deflection of ECC increases remarkably by adding more fly ash. The observations of ECC indicate that the crack width is relatively smaller for higher volume fly ash ECC. Meanwhile, compressive strength of ECC specimens with 80% fly ash can reach to 70MPa. This is helpful to produce precast ECC with high volume of fly ash.
The Succession of Microbial Community in CSTR Hydrogen Production System
Authors: Liu Xiao Ye , Wang Lu , Li Yong Feng , Zhang Bai Hui
Published: June 2010

The continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is used for the experimental device. We discuss that the succession of climax community of the ecosystem according to composition of terminal liquid products and gas products, and the effect of the change of ‘causing factor’—organic loading rate(OLR) on the structure of microbial communities in the CSTR system, and the feedback regulation among the ‘following factors’( pH value, ORP value) and structure of microbial community. The community succession law restricted by OLR was studied from the angle of community dynamic: when OLR increases from 14 kg/m3•d to 20 kg/m3•d, the content of ethanol and acetic acid increased to about 60% ～ 80% of total terminal liquid products; hydrogen is started to product at the 18th day and stabilized at about 5 L/d gradually ,the maximum was 6.155L/d; the pH value and ORP value are 4.0～4.3 and -370～-400mv stable respectively, which indicated that ethanol-type fermentation microbial community replaced mixed acid fermentation microbial community.
Effect of Pretreatment Methods on L-Lactic Acid Production from Vinasse Fermentation
Authors: Liu Jian Guo , Wang Qun Hui , Ma Hong Zhi , Wang Shuang
Published: June 2010

To achieve high value-added utilization, vinasse was chosen as raw material for l-lactic acid production. Alkali methods, microwave were used to treat vinasse and the optimum parameters during the process were investigated. The results showed that the best pretreatment way was the combination of alkali concentration of 8% and microwave power 700W, corresponding maximum lactic acid concentration was 17.5g/L, higher than those of the independent method utilized, the fermentation time could be one day earlier than other methods. The conversion rate of preprocessed vinasse to L-lactic acid and utilization rate of cellulose and hemi-cellulose could reach 23.8% and 71%, respectively. The optimized pretreatment could effectively realize hydrolysis of vinasse and make it an ideal sources for further utilization.
Study on the Absorption of Wool for Cr (III) from Water
Authors: Li Wen Xin , Xu Ji Jun
Published: June 2010

The adsorbability of the wool with three different treatment ways were studied in this paper. The effects of different factors including pH from 2.0 to 4.5, time from 4h to 24h, temperature from 20°C to 40°C, concentration of Cr（III）from 0.343 g/L to 2.185g/L were investigated by single factor and static experiment. The adsorption of Cr（III）includes chemical and physical processes, the wool of WAW mainly depends on physical adsorption, the wool of SKW and the wool of SWW are mainly suported by chemical adsorption. The results showed that each step of treatment to wool can increases its adsorption capacity obviously and the maximum absorption capacity of swelling wool, degreased wool, washed wool reached 13.4 mg/g, 9.76 mg/g, 4.22 mg/g respectively under pH4.5, 30°C, the concentration of Cr（III） 2.185g/L conditions absorb 12h. The wool will be a promissing biomass adsorbtion meatrials.
Thermal Power Plants Cleaner Production Performance Evaluation Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set Group Decision-Making
Authors: Wen Lei
Published: June 2010

Cleaner production is an efficient way to reduce the consumption of energy and environment pollution for electric power industry. But how to evaluate the performance of cleaner production is an inportant problem. In this paper, the performance evaluation index system of thermal power plants cleaner production is set up. Then we propose the intuitionistic fuzzy set group decision making methods to evaluate the performance of cleaner production of thermal power plants. At last we use an example to illustrate the efficiency of the methods.
A Web Environment Information System for Air Pollution Accident Simulation
Authors: Xu Juan Fang , Sun Shou Qian , Wang Hai Ning
Published: June 2010

In order to simulate and real-time monitor the abrupt air pollution dispersion, we built a web environment information system (Web-EIS). Firstly, we chose Gaussian model to simulate the dispersion of air pollution. Secondly, the coordinate transformation from GPS system to Web map system was calculated. Thirdly, we used corresponding lines to indicate the densities of pollutants. Finally, an air pollution accident case was studied to verify the modeling algorithm and the system’s usability.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Vegetables
Authors: Xu Li Ping , Wang Xin
Published: June 2010

12 kinds of vegetables were determined the content of mercury, arsenic and plumbum by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results of 12 kinds of leafy vegetables, root vegetables and vegetables eggplant were compared with national standards. The results showed that the content of vegetables in all determined vegetables were accord with national standards. The content of mercury in celery, carrots and radish were all light disqualification, they were higher 0.003mg/kg, 0.002 mg / kg and 0.002 mg/kg than national standards, respectively. Most of contents of plumbum in vegetable were higher than national standards. Leafy vegetables were higher than root vegetables and root vegetables were higher than vegetables eggplant. The highest was the leek, which was 0.808 mg/kg, higher 0.608 mg/kg than national standards.
Impact of Long-Term Organic Fertilizer Application on Lignin in Mollisol
Authors: Liu Ning , He Hong Bo , Xie Hong Tu , Bai Zhen , Zhang Xu Dong
Published: June 2010

Fertilization is one of the essential managements to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) level in agroecosystems. It has been realized that fertilizer applications influenced the turnover of labile and refractory organic carbon pools in arable soil markedly. However, the dynamic of relatively refractory lignin in response to fertilization is still kept unclear. Therefore, the impact of long-term organic fertilization on the content and degradation degree of lignin in Mollisol was investigated. Lignin monomers were released by alkaline CuO oxidation method and quantified by gas chromatography (GC). At the time scale of decades, lignin was clearly accumulated in soil and the relative accumulation of lignin in SOC was evident after long-term organic fertilizer application. Compared with the unfertilized soil, lower acid to aldehyde ratios of vanillyl and syringyl units induced by organic fertilization suggested a lower degradation degree of lignin incorporated into soil to some extent. It could be concluded that long-term organic fertilization was an effective fertilizer practice for lignin accumulation in soil and SOC sequestration in Mollisol in northeast of China.
Laboratory Evaluation of Permeable Reactive Barriers to Treat Water Impact by Acid-Low-Level Uranium Drainage
Authors: Gao B. , Lin Y.
Published: June 2010

In order to treat acid mine drainage with low-level uranium(AMDU), this paper considers 721 mine, located in Jiangxi province, as an example. So the permeable reactive barriers(PRBs) was been experimented as a new method for treatment AMDU. The results showed that the effects of removal of uranium are obvious and can meet radioactive wastewater discharged standard, and acidity meets guide standard. Moreover, the rock-water interaction mechanism between uranium and media of PRBs has been studied.
Fermentative Biohydrogen Production with Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov in a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
Authors: Li Yong Feng , Deng Jie Xuan , Chen Hong , Yao Xin , Gao Shuang
Published: June 2010

This study discusses the hydrogen-producing properties of continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) after inoculating the Biohydrogenbacterium R3. Biohydrogenbacterium R3 grow well and produce H2 stably at temperature of (35±1)°C and HRT of 6 hours. In this study, the optimum range of pH is 4.5~4.6. The amount of biogas production and H2 content maintained at 3.4 L and 47%, respectively. The main liquid end products are ethanol and acetic acid. Dry cell weight changes showed wavy. COD removal is about 16%～18%.
Effect of External Carbon Source on Denitrification in Biofilter at Low Temperature
Authors: Han Hong Jun , Li Yu Fei , Hu Hong Bo , Wang Bing
Published: June 2010

The aim of this study is to investigate the denitrification efficiency enhancement and to evaluate the denitrification potential at the condition of lower temperature. Three identical biofilter were operated in parallel at batch tests. Results showed that the denitrification potential can be substantially increased by addition of ethanol and hydrolysate of sludge as external carbon sources compared with raw sewage. The mean denitrification rates of ethanol and hydrolysate reached up to 0.058 and 0.08 mgN/(g MLVSS•h), respectively, while that of raw sewage was only 0.041 mgN/(g MLVSS•h). The denitrification potential increased respectively from 0.76 to 1.54 and 5.3 mg NO3-N/L owing to ethanol and hydrolysate addition. By comparison, hydrolysate of sludge was found to be the better carbon source for denitrification considering strengthening denitrification performance and price. This study provides evidence for external carbon sources choice of sewage plant and surplus sludge reutilization.
The Method for River Health Clustering Evaluation Based on Triangular Fuzzy Number Expected Values
Authors: Ma Dan Di , Liu Zong Xin
Published: June 2010

Considering the defect in the conventional methods for river health evaluation, this paper presents a new method for evaluation based on triangular fuzzy number expected values. At first, we built the grading indicator system of evaluation based on triangular fuzzy numbers. And then, we confirmed the ideal points of all grading using the triangular fuzzy number expected values formula, and build standard decision matrix based on the ideal point and the index value of evaluation object. After that, we determined the weight of each indicator dynamically using entropy coupling method based on AHP-PPC. At last, we calculated the chi-square distance between evaluation object and ideal points, which determined the grade of evaluation object by cluster analysis. The algorithm designing and data computing is achieved easily using computer in the method. It avoids excessive interference from human factors, as can gain experience from specialist. In this way, the result is on the verge of true value. We proved the new method reasonable and handy when applied to evaluate the health of Pengxi River in Yunyang County, Chongqing.
Degradation of Ametryn in Aqueous Solution by Solar/ S-Doped Titanium Dioxide Process
Authors: Liu Cheng , Chen Wei
Published: June 2010

The removal efficiency of ametryn in water and the influencing factors by the combined process of solar irradiation and S-doped TiO2 were studied in detail, in which S-doped TiO2 photo-catalyst with high sunlight activity was prepared by acid catalyzed hydrolysis method with thiourea as sulfur source; As a comparison, solar/TiO2 process was studied in the meantime; The experiment results showed that ametryn could be more effectively oxidized by the solar/S-doped TiO2 process than the solar/ TiO2 one, while the removal efficiency of 60% and 40% respectively after 30 min’s irradiation; Pseudo-first-order model could be used to simulate the oxidation process in which the degradation rate coefficients were independent of the initial concentration of ametryn; Degradation rate could be greatly affected by the concentration of H2O2, the optimum concentration for the system of solar/S-doped TiO2 was found to be 20mg/L, which was 5mg/L higher than that of solar/TiO2 system; Lower water pH favored the degradation of ametryn for the change of charge density of both the ametryn molecular and photo-catalyst surface.
The Property Research of Eco-Friendly Packaging Materials Prepared by Sunflower Stalk Core
Authors: Shi Jun You , Xing Yang
Published: June 2010

In this paper, the pith of sunflowers was used to be the main raw material. Therefore, the properties of the biodegradable packaging materials were studied. The quantity of starch and density of PVA were changed under the condition of 20% content of PVA, the hot-pressing time for 15min and the pressure of 1.19Mpa. The orthogonal experiment was made under the above conditions. It got the conclusion that the thickness of the plank is 1.65 mm. Its density is 0.80 g/cm3. According to GB/T12941-2008 and GB/T 2679.7-2006, the mechanical properties of the material meet the relevant standards.
Reaction Time for Evacuating of the Personnel in Typical Coal Chemical Industry Region of China Based on ANFIS
Authors: Kou Zi Ming , Li Rui
Published: June 2010

To overcome the difficulties, because of the unpredictability, uncertainty and randomicity of the urgent accident, in addition to randomness and fuzzy attribute of personnel behavior, during doing the quantitative analysis for reaction time of people in emergency condition. In this paper, by using the results of widespread questionnaire, trained the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), and conducted the research of reaction time for evacuating of the students in school in the typical coal chemical industry region of China. The research discovered that the ANFIS method may be use to forecasting the personnel reaction time for evacuating. Regarding many questions, whose internal regulations are very indistinct and complex, such as personnel evacuating action influenced by uncertainty of human's thought and the feared state of mind in the state of emergency, using ANFIS is one effective method.
Another View of Gas Exchange Model: Reflection of Leaf Surface Air to Stomatal Conductance
Authors: Hu Meng , Kang Shao Zhong , Du Tai Sheng , Tong Ling
Published: June 2010

A reflection function was established, based on leaf gas exchange process and tested with experimental data of eight kinds of plants, i.e. tomato, muskmelon, capsicum, maize, grape, onion, Haloxylon Ammodendron Bunge and Caragana Karshiskii Kom, with multifarious biological characteristic, water and growing status. The function indicated that the leaf stomatal conductance could be linearly reflected by the ratio of humidity and CO2 concentration at leaf surface, and the behaviour of its slope could be recognized as an indicator of leaf gas exchange efficiency, which had a negative relationship with leaf water use efficiency (WUE). The results maybe increase our understanding of potential influences of leaf stomatal conductance on photosynthetic and transpiration gas exchange and leaf WUE.
Formation, Detection and Removal of NDMA in Water Treatment Process
Authors: Li An , Chen Zhong Lin , Yang Lei
Published: June 2010

N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) is known as a carcinogenic and mutagenic compound ,and in recent years, it has been found to be a novel disinfection by-product of the chloramination process.The NDMA precursors are considered as dimethylamine(DMA) and tertiary amines with dimethylamine functional groups. There are four pathways to NDMA formation: nitrosation, unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine(UDMH) oxidation, chlorinated UDMH oxidation and hydroxylamine pathway. Formation of NDMA is affected by the presence of free chlorine and bromide, and pH is also a sensitive fator.The detection and analytical methods of NDMA are usually spectrophotometry，thin-layer chromatography, GC, LC and GC/MS.To improve the detection precision, GC/MS/MS and GC/HRMS are applied in detecting the trace NDMA. The methods of NDMA removal are UV degradation, the resin and several types of zeolite adsorption, UV/ozone and UV/hydrogen peroxide advanced oxidation technologies. Ozone also can oxidate percursors,so it can control the NDMA yield indirectly.
Design of Remote Water Quality Monitoring System Based on GPRS
Authors: Jin Yi , Zhang Mu , Gu Da Gang
Published: June 2010

Water quality is more and more important for people all over the world. But there are many problems in ordinary monitoring system for water quality such as untimely data processing, the lack and weakness of early warning mechanism for water quality change and so on. In this paper, one new remote water quality monitoring system was designed based on GPRS technology, after that the modules of the system were mentioned. Especially including the design and the working process of GPRS module, the design of the two main subsystem of the remote water quality monitoring system was described. The test of the remote water quality monitoring system based on GPRS proved that the system has the qualities of stable performance, reliability, well-maintain and low cost.
The Game Model Theory and Practice Analysis on Environmental Management
Authors: Tao Jian Ge
Published: June 2010

Environmental management is based on environmental theory, Game theory and control theory. Facing three major scientific issues that called population, resources and environment, we will strengthen environmental management of theory, progressively form new comprehensive field of science and technology. We can regard it as game problem. Here, we provide a Game model about environmental management，it give us a methods and scientific basis to solve the practice problem.
Assessment and Mechanisms of Water Eutrophication in Chaohu Lake, China
Authors: Liu Qing Guang , Diao Zong Guang , Sun Jing Yu
Published: June 2010

Water eutrophication has become one of the most serious problems in Chaohu Lake problem in recent years, and understanding the mechanisms of water eutrophication in Western Chaohu Lake will help for prevention and remediation of water eutrophication. In this paper, we selected 6 routine sampling sites in the water area of Chaohu Lake. TP, TN, CODMn and Chl-a are chosen to describe the eutrophication of the Study area. The influencing factors and major mechanisms of water eutrophication were discussed. The reasons of eutrophication changes in Western Chaohu Lake are very complicated; consist of the suitable natural condition, the built of Yuxi Gate, the deteriorated watershed ecological environment and a great amount of pollutants discharged. The treatment and control of the industrial and domestic wastewater from Hefei City are essential to the treatment. More attention should be paid to the treatment of non-point pollution.
Characteristics of Ion Concentration in the Atmospheric Particles in Harbin
Authors: Wang Kun , Duan Hui Ling , Huang Li Kun , Wang Wen Shuai
Published: June 2010

We analyzed characteristics and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions based on fixed routine collection of atmospheric particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5) samples in Harbin during August 2008 and May 2009. The samplers we sampling is produced by Wuhan Tianhong Intelligent Instrument, we analyzed the water-soluble inorganic ions by using Ion Chromatographic (IC, DX120, Diana, USA) and Indicative Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Model 5300, Perkin Elmer, USA). The research showed that: SO42-, NO3-, NH4+ were the top three concentrated of the water-soluble inorganic ions ,the average concentrations were 10.3 μg/m3, 5.8 μg/m3, 8.2 μg/m3 respectively during sampling. Ca2+ was higher in the particulate > 2.5μm, while SO42- and NH4+ were higher in the particulate < 2.5μm, the correlation analysis inferred that the main form of SO42- in atmospheric particle was ammonium sulfate.
A Game Model of Social Subjects Relationship in Rural Environment of China
Authors: Zhou Ji Chang
Published: June 2010

The environmental social subjects relationship are benefit relations among the environmental social social subjects, the occurrence of the environmental right infringement are main manifestation of the unbalanced environmental relations. The exacerbation of environmental pollution in the Chinese countryside is mainly rooted in its unbalanced environmental relations. The environmental pollution process is a gaming process among the environmental social subjects. The gaming among Chinese rural environmental subjects has many characteristics.
Design of a Novel Corona Plasma Reactor for Decomposition of VOCs
Authors: Shang Ke Feng , Zhao Zhe , Zhou Xiu Yan , Wang Xiao Chen
Published: June 2010

The configuration of discharge electrode is closely related to the uniformity and the strength of corona plasma, which has big effect on the efficiency of plasma in destructing pollutants, treating materials and so on. A novel sheet electrode was devised to enhance the input energy and the uniformity of plasma’s distribution, and its production performance of plasma was compared with other discharge electrodes including wire, needle and multi-needles. Corona images and I-V characteristic curves of discharge electrodes indicate that ultra-thin sheet electrode could produce more uniform and stronger corona plasma zone than other electrodes in this paper, which is advantageous for decomposing pollutants, treating material surface and so on. Primary VOCs decomposition experiments were conducted, and the results indicated that the highest energy yield of VOCs decomposition reached 1.8 g (benzene) • (kWh)-1 /3.5 g (toluene) • (kWh)-1.
Implantation of Modern Ecological System into Urban Traditional Context: A Case of Huilongwo Area
Authors: Luo Ping Jia , Hu Rong
Published: June 2010

In order to back Low-Carbon Cities Plan, China’s urban renewal and the protection of traditional neighborhoods, and after literature searching and site survey, spatial evolution and site inspection in Huilongwo area, the authors point out that we should combine modern eco-technological methods such as solar energy application, reclaimed water system, ground source heat pump, solar energy application and so on with the protective measures of historical neighborhoods, and improving the living facilities of the Historic District. Only implant the modern ecological system into the historic context conservation, the city could be reaching the “sustainable development”. It’s a sound sample of urbanization in China.
Quality Assessment Model for Urban Natural-Type Lake Landscape Scheme Based on BP Neural Network Model
Authors: Qiao Li Fang , Zhang Yi Chuan , Yao Lian Fang
Published: June 2010

The quality assessment of an urban natural-type lake landscape is influenced by various factors which have complicated and nonlinear relationships with each other. Some of these factors are even random and obscure, of which the inherent relationships are difficult to describe by means of conventional methods. In this study, a three-layer BP Neural Network (BP NN) model was built with thirty design schemes for lake landscapes as the specimens, of which the qualities were assessed based on the six indices including water quality, water quantity, hydrography, vegetation, economy and facilities. The results showed that the initial data were fitted much accurately with the BP NN method, and the predictive results of the specimens were very close to the actual values, with relative errors below 5%. Moreover a higher predictive precision was achieved, which indicated that the BP NN after effective training would achieve higher predictive precision and excellent generalization capability in its application to the quality assessment for urban natural-type lake landscape schemes.
Life Cycle Assessment of Forestry (Pulp) and Paper-Making Industry
Authors: Li Yu Wen , Zhang Mei Ling , Deng Shou Yan
Published: June 2010

The work presented in this paper aims at developing a tool based on the LCA approach which could be used systematically for the environmental evaluation of Forestry(Pulp) and Paper-making industry,seeking a way to reduce energy consumption, product cost and find the opportunity and way to reduce the pollution load. So it should be controled in every link which is possible to generate radiation in the process from gain of raw material in forestation pulp making and paper making to processing of waste products to prevent and reduce pollution and realize sustainable development of the economic, environmental and human society.
Evaluation Model: Effects from Ocean Garbage Patch to Ocean Environment
Authors: Wang Ting Ting , Zhang Yuan Biao , Liang Zhi Ning , Huang Wei
Published: June 2010

Through the introduction of food chain, our paper analyzed the short and long-term effects that ocean garbage patch provided to ocean environment. We used plastic density, quality of ocean water and the ratio of organisms eating plastic to examine effects of plastic debris. We described effect as a three-dimensional vector and creatively employed the three dimensional coordinate and sphere to explain the effects. Finally, we put forward some feasible measures to relieve the problem.
Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage by Sulfate Reducing Bacteria and Iron at Room Temperature
Authors: Feng Ying , Kang Yong , Yu Yan Fang
Published: June 2010

This study describes a new method to treat acid mine wastewater containing high amounts of heavy metals and sulfate by biotechnology. Sulfate reducing Bacteria (SRB) was inoculated in an up-flow multiple bed bioreactor treating practical wastewater. In addition to precipitation processes, water purification was also possible with the metabolism process of microorganisms. Iron dust was added to the system to enhance the activity of SRB and ensure the treatment efficiency. The results indicates that treating acid mining drainage using SRB and iron at room temperature (20°C~25°C) is possible, the reduction rate of sulfate is up to 61%, pH of wastewater raises from 2.75 to 6.2 and the copper concentration of effluent is less than 0.2 mg/L.
Framework and Key Modules for Emergency Resource Decision Support System to Response Oil Spill Disasters
Authors: Hu Zhi Hua
Published: June 2010

Oil spills represent one of the most destructive environmental disasters. The frameworks of decision support system (DSS) for peace time and emergency situation are proposed. The monitoring network acquires the foundational data and information for decision from sensor network, information system and social network. The peace time DSS models the monitoring network and the general monitoring, prediction, simulation and management modules for contingent events and emergency resources. The emergency DSS is modeled as a layered architecture. Form the information acquisition to the decision layer, the information flow and real-time decision-making modules are revealed. Finally, the key models and algorithm for resource deployment and scheduling are studied.
Industrial Development Optimization under Constraint of Water Environmental Carrying Capacity in Bohai Rim Area
Authors: Ran Yun , Zeng Si Yu , Zhang Tian Zhu
Published: June 2010

This paper describes a method combining scenario analysis and linear program for the industrial development optimization in Bohai rim area. Aiming at maximizing the output value of the key industries of the area in 2020 without exceeding water environmental carrying capacity, three scenarios with different constraints have been discussed. Coordination of carrying capacity at provincial level and strict control on some key industrial scale is necessary to maximize economic growth through a sustainable way.