bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA URBE HACIA LAS CIUDADES INTELIGENTES
Authors: Erazo-garzón Lenín Xavier
Published: December 2020

En el siglo XXI, debido a la creciente concentración de la población en los núcleos urbanos, las ciudades se enfrentan a grandes retos de sostenibilidad de la sociedad a largo plazo, a fin de convertirse en verdaderos polos de desarrollo económico, social y cultural. Como respuesta a esta problemática, las iniciativas estratégicas de ciudad inteligente (Smart City) se han expandido por todo el mundo y el Ecuador no ha sido la excepción. Tanto el gobierno central como los gobiernos seccionales están emprendiendo importantes proyectos en el marco de la ciudad inteligente; sin embargo, dentro de la sociedad ecuatoriana, este concepto aún resulta poco conocido y familiar.Frente a esta circunstancia, este trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito clarificar la visión del concepto de ciudad inteligente, mediante una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura científica y comercial, que responde a las siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué es una ciudad inteligente? ¿Es un concepto que ha surgido recientemente? y de no ser así ¿Cómo ha evolucionado este concepto? ¿Qué áreas o sistemas del entorno urbano abarca el concepto de ciudad inteligente? ¿Qué servicios puede prestar? entre las más importantes.

Palabras clave: ciudad inteligente, ciudad ubicua, entorno urbano, inteligencia urbana, internet de las cosas, sensores, domótica

AbstractDue to the increasing concentration of population in urban areas in the XXI century, cities are facing major sustainable challenges of society in the long term so as to become real centers of economic, social and cultural development. In response to this problem, strategic initiatives of a Smart City have expanded worldwide, and Ecuador is not an exception. Both the central government and regional governments are undertaking major projects in the framework of the smart city; however, this concept is still little known and unfamiliar within the Ecuadorian society. Given this circumstance, this research paper aims to clarify the perspective of the smart city concept through a bibliographic review of the scientific and commercial literature, which answers the following questions among the most important ones: What is a smart city? Is it a concept that has emerged recently? And if not, how this concept has evolved? What areas or systems of the urban environment encompass the concept of smart city? What services can it provide?Keywords: Smart City, Ubiquitous City, Urban Environment, Urban Intelligence, Internet of Things, Sensors, Home Automation
Insolvency analysis of the food manufacturing industry in Cuenca
Authors: Orellana-Osorio Iván , Reyes-Clavijo Marco , Cevallos-Rodríguez Estefanía , Tonon-Ordoñez Luis , Pinos-Luzuriaga Luis
Published: December 2020

The risk of insolvency is related to failure or business closure, for this reason the analysis and management of this type of risk is important. The insolvency risk was applied to the food manufacturing industry in Cuenca in the period 2013-2017, which allowed to determine the bankruptcy risk existing in the companies analyzed, as well as trends of the indicator in relation to the business size. Two models were applied: the business insolvency prediction model of Altman and the logistic model using the maximum likelihood method proposed by Ohlson. Altman’s model showed that companies in the 5 years analyzed are in “Safe Zone” (3,187 points in 2013 and 3,448 in 2017). Similarly, the Ohlson model, showed that in 2013 there was a 20,7% risk of insolvency in the sector, compared to 17,7% in 2017. The results of the analysis indicate that insolvency risk shows a decreasing trend in the analyzed period, which take us to the conclusion that the sector is financially healthy. However, due to the current changing environment and the internal operative management, it is very likely that the values suffer changes. Analyzing the risk of insolvency is fundamental for companies, considering that it will allow them to know the level of bankruptcy risk they have, and based on this, take measures to reduce the risk.

Key words: Altman model; food sector in Cuenca;  insolvency risk; Ohlson model.
Herramienta metodológica de la Gestión de Riesgo Operativo en pos de la optimización del control interno para instituciones bancarias ecuatorianas
Authors: Abril-Fajardo Ximena
Published: December 2020

eL artículo propuso un análisis de los riesgos, de carácter interno o externo, que se pueden dar en el campo operativo de las entidades bancarias; por ello, se necesita estar preparados para que el impacto de dicho riesgo no sea tan devastador con pérdidas económicas y daños en su imagen institucional. Por lo tanto, es prioritario identificar, oportunamente, eventos no deseados que se pueden generar por errores operativos de las personas, fallas en los sistemas tecnológicos o en la infraestructura que pueden repercutir en un incremento de accidentes de trabajo y procesos no definidos o engorrosos que retrasan el flujo de las operaciones, creando costos y gastos innecesarios. Se concluyó que fue necesaria la creación de una unidad de gestión de integrales, a base de una metodología que podría prever los riesgos a futuro y tomar medidas a fin de evitar riesgos previsibles y no previsibles.Palabras clave: impacto, incertidumbre, mitigar, probabilidad, scoring

Abstract.his article proposes an analysis of the risks that can be an impact in the operative field of banking institutions. These risks may be internal or external which is why financial institutions need to be prepared so that the impact on that banking system will not devastating causing economical loss and damage on the institutional image. Therefore, priorities should be identified to prevent unwanted events that can generate operative errors, technological system and infrastructure damages, which can have repercussions on occupational accidents and undefined processes. These would delay operational processes generating unnecessary costs and expenses. It is necessary to create a Risk management unit that would anticipate the future risks and could avoid those that are predictable and no predictable.Key Words: impact, uncertainty, mitigate, probability, scoring.
Time to reimbursement and negotiation condition in Italy for drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency during the period 2014-2019
Authors: Prada Mariangela , Rossi Letizia , Mantovani Matteo
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The main purpose of this study was comparing median time (TTR, time to reimbursement) between the first Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA) pricing and reimbursement (P&R) dossier’s evaluation and patient access in Italy and to observe the key P&R negotiation results for all new active substances approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA)’s Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use between January 2014 and December 2019. We analysed the different factors influencing TTR.

Methods: A panel of medicines for human use approved by the EMA in the period 2014-2019 was considered. All information about authorisation and reimbursement in Italy, including timelines and results from the negotiation, were gathered through EMA and Italian Official Journal databases.

Results: Of 213 new active substances approved from January 2014 to December 2019, 137 obtained reimbursement in Italy, with a median TTR of 7.6 months (228 days). Even if orphan designation, oncology indication, application of Managed Entry Agreements (MEAs; both outcome and financial based) or a discount did not show an impact on TTR, recognition of full innovativeness (n = 27; 20%) was associated with a reduction of 1 month in median TTR. Interestingly, drugs reimbursed with a lower price/daily defined dose showed a reduced TTR (−22%).

Conclusions: Even if the lack of impact of some negotiation conditions was predictable (e.g. oncology indication or orphan status) or the application of a MEA helped to manage possible uncertainties, it did not lead to a quicker completion of the negotiation procedure. Likewise, full innovative drugs showed a shorter TTR underlying the AIFA commitment in recognising, promoting and rewarding innovation.
Telogen effluvium
Authors: Gismieva A. V.
Published: December 2020

The article is of a review nature and contains up-to-date information on modern attitudes, causes, trigger factors, classification, diagnostics and treatment methods of telogen effluvium. It gives the data on the use of hardware lighting technologies for hair loss treatment.
Evaluation of low doses effect of systemic isotretinoin in monotherapy and combination on qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota in patients with acne
Authors: Kolodiy A. A. , Gryazeva N. V.
Published: December 2020

Objective.To evaluate the effect of low doses of systemic isotretinoin in monotherapy and combination on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota in patients with acne with moderate papulo-pustular acne.

Materials and methods. 78 patients were monitored on an outpatient basis. Group 1 consisted of 38 patients. This group was divided into two age subgroups: A (12–24 years; n = 18) and B (25–45 years; n = 20). All patients in group 1 received monotherapy in the form of systemic administration of isotretinoin at a dose of 0.5–0.7 mg per 1 kg of body weight per day daily for 6 months. Group 2 consisted of 40 patients who were also divided into two age groups: A (12–24 years; n = 21) and B (25–45 years; n = 19). This group received combination therapy with isotretinoin at a dose of 0.1–0.3 mg per kg of body weight per day daily for 6 months in combination with phototherapy with broadband incoherent light (wavelength 440–950 nm) once every two weeks, a course of 4–6 procedures. To study the features of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the skin microbiota of acne patients, all patients were scraped and smeared with a sterile cotton swab before and after therapy, followed by analysis of microbial markers by chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results. Against the background of monotherapy in patients of different age groups, there was a positive dynamic in relation to the majority of microbiota indicators, its severity in subgroup A (12–24 years) was statistically more significant (p < 0.05). However, the complete normalization of the composition of the facial skin microbiota in both subgroups did not occur. After combination therapy, there was a pronounced positive dynamics and normalization of most indicators of the microbiota of the skin, regardless of age. However, the number of some targeted microorganisms turned out to be slightly higher than normal and after therapy.

Conclusions. The use of low-dose isotretinoin monotherapy, as well as its combination with broadband incoherent light, does not allow to completely normalize the composition of the microbiota in patients suffering from acne papulo-pustular form of moderate severity, which requires further study and analysis.
Lichen sclerosus in men: improving diagnostic and treatment methods
Authors: Ignatovskiy A. V.
Published: December 2020

Objective of the study.To evaluate the effectiveness of systemic interferon alpha‑2b in the complex therapy of lichen scleroatrophic of the penis.

Material and methods. The study involved 26 male patients with a verified diagnosis: lichen scleroatrophic of the penis. The main group was 19 people, the comparison group was 7 men. The duration of the disease in men was from 9 to 12 months. To estimate the area of lesion as well as to estimate their dynamic changes were developed: Scleroatrophic Lichen Area Index (LS-S in men) and Scleroatrophic Lichen Activity Index (LS-A). Treatment in the main group: topical corticosteroid momentasone cream two times a day for 21 days, as well as interferon alpha‑2b suppositories in a dose of 3 million ME two times a day, daily for 10 days, then three times a week for 2 months with subsequent external application of 1–2 times a day for 2 months of ointment with interferon alpha‑2b. In patients with balanopostitis the cream was used in combination with momentazone, economazole, gentamycin and dexpanthenol. Patients from the comparison group received momentazone cream for 21 days, and in case of recurrence of symptoms – the prescription of topical calcineurin inhibitors. Patients of both groups received vitamin E of 200 mg per day for 2 months. The end point of observation for patients of both groups was 3 months after the end of therapy.

Results. Against the background of treatment, improvement was achieved in all patients in the main group within 21 days. Subsequent cancellation of topical corticosteroid and continuation of therapy with suppositories and ointment of the interferon alpha‑2b allowed to maintain positive dynamics of the skin process during the whole period of observation. The control group also achieved a positive effect from therapy with topical corticosteroids (cream with momentazone), but after its cancellation, in the period from 4 to 6 weeks, symptoms were recurrent, which required the continuation of therapy with topical calcinerin inhibitors – tacrolimus ointment 0.1% 1–2 times a day for 4 weeks. The use of the LS-A Index showed that the indices of skin manifestations were the fastest to regress than those of the LS-S index assessing the area of lesion.

Conclusions. 1. The use of system therapy with interferon alpha‑2b, along with topical GCSs, in the complex treatment can reduce the severity of clinical manifestations of GSAL without resorting to prolonged use of topical GCSs. 2. The use of interferon alpha‑2b in the complex treatment of the genital lichen sclerosus has demonstrated its effectiveness in a small group of patients. 3. Application of the developed Lesion Area Index and Lichen Sclerosus Activity Index in men allow to objectively assess the effectiveness of treatment. 4. Lichen sclerosus assessment indices allow to develop an individual plan of rehabilitation measures. 5. It is expedient to continue studies on pathogenetic mechanisms of influence of alpha‑2b interferon in genital lichen sclerosus.
Impact of phoresis methods on therapy of cicatricial deformities of skin
Authors: Surkichin S. I. , Kholupova L. S.
Published: December 2020

Scars can adversely affect the physical, mental and social well-being of the patient. Scar treatment is one of the most difficult and urgent tasks of aesthetic medicine. Due to the individual characteristics of the organism of each patient, it is rather difficult to choose a suitable adequate treatment method and predict the duration of therapy. Common methods for eliminating cicatricial deformities of the skin include external agents, chemical peels, mechanical resurfacing, laser resurfacing, injection techniques, physiotherapy methods, and surgical excision. Unfortunately, the frequency of relapses after monotherapy by any of the listed methods can reach 100%, therefore, the search for combined treatment methods is an urgent and priority direction. Cicatricial deformities lead to a change in the structures of the dermis and hypodermis, which significantly reduces the penetration of topical drugs, therefore, phoresis methods can be used to achieve a greater therapeutic effect. The mechanism of action of phoresis methods is based not only on the local effect of the physical factor and the drug itself, but also on the body’s response to the physiological effect through the mechanisms of neuroreflex and humoral regulation. This method of drug delivery avoids the side effects arising from the systemic use of the same drug. The disadvantages of this method in mono-application are insufficiently high efficiency and duration of the course. Phoresis methods can reduce the frequency of relapses in the treatment of cicatricial deformities of the skin in combination with existing methods. The review presents the main types of phoresis used in the treatment of various scars, as well as examples of the combined use of phoresis methods with other treatment options.
Cutaneous lymphatic sporotrichosis (clinical case)
Authors: Yakovlev A. B.
Published: December 2020

A clinical case of sporotrichosis is described and basic information is provided to help the practitioner. The list of nosologies, including photographs, to which should be differentiated the cutaneous-lymphatic sporotrichosis, is presented.
Dermatologist errors in assessment of laboratory data
Authors: Akimov V. G.
Published: December 2020

The diagnosis is the result of the physician’s synthesis of all anamnestic, clinical and instrumental data from the patient’s examination. However, for various reasons, the putative clinical diagnosis is not always supported by laboratory test results. The article discusses the main reasons for such discrepancies, emphasizes the responsibility of the attending physician for reliable diagnosis of the disease.
Microcirculatory and vegetative changes in children with different phenotypes of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Tataurschikova N. S. , Berezhansky P. V.
Published: December 2020

Microcirculation mechanisms and vegetative-vascular mechanisms have an important pathogenetic significance in the development of allergic inflammation.

The purpose of our study was to assess capillaroscopy and heart rate variability in children with allergic rhinitis (AR), depending on the presence of comorbid pathology. All children were divided into three groups: the main group – 29 children with AR in combination with herpes infection or the presence of pathogenic microflora in nasopharyngeal swabs in the amount of more than 106, the comparison group – 23 children with AR, the control group – 26 healthy children. All children with AR had pronounced changes in the microvasculature, which varied depending on the presence of concomitant pathology, along with reactive changes in autonomic regulatory systems towards an increase in the dominance of central regulation mechanisms and the predominance of parasympathetic tone. Children with AR and concomitant pathology did not have a pronounced parasympathetic effect, in contrast to children with AR and children without concomitant pathology, which should be taken into account when drawing up a plan for personalized treatment and rehabilitation.
Aktivitas dan Kinetika Inhibisi Α-Glukosidase oleh Ekstrak Etil Asetat Umbi Lapis Bawang Merah (Allium cepa)
Authors: Yuningtyas Sitaresmi , Noviardi Harry , Mandiri Meita Sari
Published: December 2020

Hiperglikemia adalah tingginya kadar glukosa darah yang merupakan ciri dari diabetes melitus. Salah satu mekanisme obat bagi keadaan hiperglikemia adalah menghambat aktivitas α-glukosidase di dalam usus halus. Ekstrak umbi lapis  bawang merah (Allium cepa) berpotensi sebagai penurun kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas inhibisi dan kinetika enzim α-glucosidase pada ekstrak etil asetat umbi bawang merah sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase. Umbi lapis bawang merah diekstraksi dengan etil asetat menggunakan metode maserasi. Selanjutnya ekstrak tersebut dihitung IC50 dan aktivitas kinetika enzim α-glukosidase. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat umbi lapis bawang merah memiliki aktivitas inhibisi terhadap α-glukosidase dengan nilai IC50 adalah 0,43% b/v. Ekstrak etil asetat umbi lapis bawang merah memiliki mekanisme penghambatan unkompetitif terhadap α-glukosidase dengan parameter nilai vmaks adalah 5,862 U/mL. menit dan KM adalah 4,307 mM.
Efektivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Insulin (Tithonia diversifolia) dan Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata) Sebagai Antihiperglikemik Pada Mencit Putih Jantan
Authors: Utami Novi Fajar , Mbete Florensia Ndole , Effendi E Mulyati
Published: December 2020

Diabetes melitus (DM) merupakan suatu sindroma klinik yang ditandai dengan poliuri, polidipsi, dan polifagi, disertai peningkatan kadar glukosa darah atau hiperglikemia (glukosa puasa ≥ 126 mg/dL atau postprandial ≥ 200 mg/dL atau glukosa sewaktu ≥ 200 mg/dL). Indonesia diperkirakan pada tahun 2030 akan memiliki  penderita DM  sebanyak 21,3 juta jiwa. Obat yang digunakan untuk masyarakat penderita DM saat ini adalah Meftormin terbukti memiliki efek samping yaitu flatulensi, mual, diare dan nyeri perut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas dan menetapkan dosis efektif  kombinasi ekstrak etanol 96% daun insulin dan daun sirsak sebagai antihiperglikemik pada mencit putih jantan yang diinduksi larutan glukosa. Metode penelitian menggunakan 8 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing masing 4 ulangan, yaitu kelompok kontrol positif metformin (1,3 mg/20 g BB), kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol normal (pakan), Dosis 1 (ekstrak daun sirsak 2,24 mg/ 20 g BB), Dosis 2 (ekstrak daun insulin 0,7 mg/20 g BB), Dosis 3 ( daun insulin 0,7 mg/ 20 g BB dan sirsak 2,24 mg/20 g BB), Dosis 4 (daun insulin 0,7 mg/ 20 g BB dan 1,12 mg/ 20 g BB), Dosis 5 (daun insulin 0,35 mg/ 20 g BB dan 2,24 mg/20 g BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan pemberian dosis kombinasi daun insulin 0,7 mg/ 20 g BB dan daun sirsak 2,24 mg/20 g BB terbukti efektif menurunkan kadar gula darah dengan rata rata 93,15 mg/dL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa dosis kombinasi daun insulin dan daun sirsak berpotensi menurunkan kadar gula darah.
Optimisasi Metode Microwave-Assisted Extraction Terhadap Kadar Kuersetin dari Limbah Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Rusli Zaldy , Herlina Nina , Sari Bina Lohita , Ulfa Salma Hanunah
Published: December 2020

Peningkatan produksi dan penggunaan bawang merah dimasyarakat tentunya menyebabkan peningkatan jumlah limbah dari kulit bawang merah yang jarang dimanfaatkan masyarakat. Kulit bawang merah memiliki banyak kandungan senyawa aktif yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan, salah satunya adalah kuersetin yang memiliki manfaat mengatasi hiperglikemia, anti-inflamasi, antioksidan bahkan sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimisasi proses ekstraksi kuersetin yang terkandung dalam kulit bawang merah. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) dengan parameter daya microwave, waktu ekstraksi dan konsentrasi etanol. Analisis kadar kuersetin dilakukan menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Response Surface Method (RSM) dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Design Expert 12. Kondisi optimum metode MAE untuk mengekstraksi kuersetin dari kulit bawang merah adalah dengan menggunakan microwave dengan daya 450 watt selama 110,57 detik dan dengan menggunakan etanol 89,078%. Pada kondisi tersebut, diperoleh kuersetin dengan kadar 7,3933 mg/g serbuk simplisia kulit bawang merah. Dari data ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kulit bawang merah mengandung kuersetin yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat.
Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Kombinasi Daun Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L. Less) dan Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Jerawat
Authors: Fatmi Mindiya , Wibowo Agung Eru , Rahmat Deni
Published: December 2020

Daun beluntas (Pluchea indica L. Less) dan rimpang jahe merah (Zinngiber officinalle Roscoe) merupakan tanaman yang mempunyai aktivitas sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Daun beluntas mengandung senyawa anti bakteri yang berasal dari alkaloid, flavonoid bebas jenis flavonol, steroid dan tanin. Ekstrak rimpang jahe merah mengandung flavonoid, minyak atsiri, polifenol, dan saponin. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk menguji kombinasi ekstrak daun beluntas dan rimpang jahe merah yang efektif sebagai anti jerawat yang diuji terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acne dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Daun beluntas dan rimpang jahe merah masing-masing diekstraksi secara maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak selanjutnya dikombinasi dan diuji terhadap bakteri P. acne dan S. epidermidis dengan perbandingan konsentrasi daun dan beluntas jahe merah 1,5:1,5 ; 0,75:1,5 dan 2,25:1,5. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan konsentrasi daun beluntas dan beluntas jahe merah pada perbandingan 2,25% : 1,5% memiliki aktivitas yang lebih baik pada Staphylococcus epidermidis sebesar 7,2 mm dan pada konsentrasi 0,75% : 1,5% efektif terhadap bakteri  bakteri Propionibacterium acne dengan diameter daya hambat sebesar 8,3 mm.
SISTEM LABORATORIUM BAHASA DI DALAM WHATSAPP MESSENGER
Authors: Chotimah Irma Nurul Husnal
Published: December 2020

By the research and development (R&D) method designed by Nicolas Guichon (2007)), this scientific paper lists and describes the features of the free WhatsApp Messenger apps version 2.20.193.9 (released by WhatsApp Inc.) which is then analyzed using the theory of a language laboratory system made by Alfred S. Hayes for later analysis results are used to develop a virtual language laboratory manual. The purpose of this paper is to find out the features of the Whatsapp Messenger version 2.20.193.9 application that can be used for virtual language laboratories and also to develop its manual. Based on the results of the analysis that the author has done, the features that can be used for virtual language laboratories are the chat group, message, voice message, voice call, voice-video call, document delivery (voice document, video, text). The results of this study will be used for the development of the virtual language laboratories manual and are also expected to a topic of discussion among researchers and practitioners in the field of foreign language education and teaching.
SOCIAL COMMUNICATION OF ADDEWATANG PUTTA SERENG RITUAL IN BONE REGENCY
Authors: Kadir Bustan , Bahfiarti Tuti , Farid Muhammad
Published: December 2020

The diversity that exists in Indonesia should be one of the reasons why communication is important to be studied, and depth analysed. Diversity will produce harmony when it managed by good communication and understanding. This study analysed social life in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual practised by a community in Bone Regency as a form of diversity. Focusing on communication behaviour in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual, this study would first (1) analysed religious messages, and subsequently (2) identify social communication in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual. This research used a qualitative method by using the ethnographic communication approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, then analysed using ethnographic data analysis. The results of this study indicated that the implementation of the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual is a symbol of the belief (ateppekeng) and gratitude (asukkurukeng) of Ujung people towards the figure of Putta Sereng and God Almighty. Social communication in the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual forms harmonious communication patterns, consisting of resistance and responsive communication practised by community groups that are resistant and conservative to the Addewatang Putta Sereng ritual.
KEBENCIAN DAN AMARAH TOKOH EKSIL DALAM CERPEN TANAH AIR DAN ASMARA DAN KEMATIAN DI PERBATASAN TIGA NEGARA KARYA MARTIN ALEIDA
Authors: Amir Syahwan Alfianto , Lewa Inriati , Badaruddin M. Syafri
Published: December 2020

This research aims to elaborate the manifestations of hate and anger of the exile characters in the short stories of Tanah Air and Asmara dan Kematian di Perbatasan Tiga Negara by Martin Aleida. This research used qualitative analysis by using descriptive method. The technique of data collections used library research or content analysis. The result of the study shows that hate and anger of the exile characters in both short stories by Martin Aleida, according to the psychology existential by May divided into two categories. These categories come to animate the story that starring by the characters who deliberately labelled as an exile. There are two types of hate and anger in the exile characters is hate and anger of the regime and hate and anger of their self. In the short story of Tanah Air, the two categories come to affirm the occasion of a phenomenon and in the short story Asmara dan Kematian di Perbatasan Tiga Negara, only one category that begins to build the occasion of the short story. The result that the exile characters reveal their existence by showing hate and anger to the regime.
PROBLEM-BASED GROUP DISCUSSION: AN EFFECTIVE ELT TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ TRANSACTIONAL SPEAKING SKILLS
Authors: Kaharuddin Kaharuddin , Rahmadana Ananda
Published: December 2020

In this millennial era, English speaking skills are very necessary for young learners, especially for Vocational High Schools students. However, few teachers still have difficulties in choosing the right technique to teach the speaking skills. Consequently, students feel that speaking is the hardest skill in English. This paper is aimed at discussing how to improve the students’ transactional speaking skills (group discussion) using problem-based group discussion technique at Vocational High School 5 Gowa. A quantitative research design was used to carry out this study with support from the data collection instrument i.e. speaking video test (group discussion). The design of this study conducted using a quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group design. Twenty (20) students in two classes i.e. ten students for the experimental class and ten students for the controlled class of the intermediate level were purposively selected to participate in this study. The results of this study showed that the problem-based group discussion technique is able to improve students’ transactional speaking skills. It was proved by the result of the statistical analysis of the level significance P = 0.05 with the degree of freedom (df) = 9 indicated that the t-test values of the students’ transactional speaking skills (3.498) was higher than the t-table value (2.262). The outcome of this research indicates that this technique is effectively able to improve the students’ transactional speaking skills in exchanging information, taking a part in formal discussions and even learning to work in real-life situations
INTERNALISASI APLIKASI MIND MAP PADA MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN GURU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SISWA DALAM MEMPRODUKSI TEKS PROSEDUR
Authors: Patmawati Patmawati , Nurhayati Nurhayati , Latjuba Ade Yolanda
Published: December 2020

This study aims (1) to explain the learning outcomes of Mind Map applications to improve the ability of Grade XI students of the Department of Network Computer Engineering at SMK Negeri 3 Makassar in producing procedure texts and (2) to explain and analyze the effectiveness of Mind map applications to improve the ability of SMK Negeri 3 Makassar students in producing procedure texts. This type of research is a class action or abbreviated with CAR. In this study there were no comparison classes. The experimental class as well as the control class. In its implementation several cycles are applied. The results showed: (1) An increase in student learning outcomes during the learning process took place with the learning of Mind map applications. Learning outcomes in the first cycle obtained an average value of 74.75 and the second cycle reached an average value of 84.06. Improved mastery learning outcomes classically is 31.25% with an average value of 9.31 and the final test score classically is 90.03. (2) With the Mind Mind application learning and teaching psychology approach to students, this proves that the mastery of learning to improve student competence in producing procedural texts has reached the specified KKM that is 75% and has been effective and the results are very good compared to learning with methods conventional.
SEMIOTIKA KARIKATUR PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI MEDIA DARING (ON LINE) DI PERANCIS
Authors: Armin Mardi Adi , Amalia Nafiatul
Published: December 2020

This study investigates the caricature representations contained in online media regarding the French government's response to the Covid-19 Pandemic. Also examined the response of citizens to government policies, including religious and other professional society. This research was conducted to try to examine aspects of Corona pandemic reporting through online media because this issue has become a worldwide concern. Pandemic has caused many victims The response of the community is directly reflected in the caricature. by using the semiotic approach, we will get the meanings of the caricatures under study. The caricature is the data in this study. Caricature as data is divided into four: caricature of the government version, caricature of the community version, caricature of the professional version and caricature which is a critique of the Chinese government scientific method used is semiotics as a theory that can interpret the explicit and implicit meaning of an image. The results of the study found that the French Government remained criticized despite trying to handle the pandemic to the maximum. Also depicted a sense of optimism and pessimism of citizens facing disaster. Also found criticism of the Chinese Government that is not open to investigations of the origin of the virus.
THE WOMEN’S SUFFERING IN THE NOVEL THE HANDMAID’S TALE BY MARGARET ATWOOD
Authors: Abbas Abbas
Published: December 2020

The research discusses social problems experienced by women in a literary work entitled The Handmaid's by Magaret Atwood Magaret. The social problems in question are discussed the social problem of women that happened in the novel The Handmaid’s Tale and described the impact of social problem on women characters in the novel. The suffering that befell women handmaids such as Offred, Ofglen, Janine, and others occurs in a country called the Republic of Gilead. The research uses the Structuralism Approach, a literary research method that emphasizes structural aspects in the form of character, plot, setting, theme, and others. Gender study in literature becomes the perspective of this research which highlights social injustice towards female characters in the fictional story. The research data are then analyzed by using qualitative research methods and explained descriptively. The results of this study indicate that during the reign of the Gilead Republic, women experienced various social problems in the form of separation from family, not getting proper education, restrictions on freedom, forced childbirth for elite families, and the obligation to perform certain rituals. The social problems experienced by these women resulted in severe depression that almost claimed their lives.
PENGARUH FILM KARTUN TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERCERITA ANAK USIA 4 SAMPAI 5 TAHUN PADA PAUD NURHIDAYAH
Authors: Sukri Sukmawati
Published: December 2020

This study aims to describe the effect of cartoon films on the ability to tell children aged 4 to 5 years and other factors that affect the ability to tell children aged 4 until 5 years. The method used in this study is a method that combines qualitative and quantitative methods using experimental design. The population of 30 PAUD Nurhidayah students in Barru Regency and the number of samples in this study were 46% of the population, which consisted of two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The instruments used in this study were observation, preliminary and final tests, interviews for the control group and the experimental group, interviews with class teachers and students' parents. The results of this study indicate that the influence of cartoon films on the ability to tell children aged 4 until 5 years has increased. Both in the experimental group and in the control group. This is evidenced that in the experimental group 42.86% of children scored very good categories, 57.14% with good categories, while in the control group 37.50% the categories were not good, 5.88% categories failed. The average increase in the experimental group from pretest to posttest was 14.29%. The average pretest value of the experimental group was 58.29%, while the mean score of the posttest was 86.86%. The mean score of the pretest in the control group was 35.43% and the posttest mean score was 44.00%. Another factor that affects the ability to tell children aged 4 until 5 years is habit. The habit of storytelling at home and the habit of storytelling during the research fostered courage and confidence in children to tell stories.
MENJAGA KEARIFAN LOKAL DENGAN MEMBUDAYAKAN TRADISI BASUNTING BAGI MARAPULAI DALAM ADAT PERKAWINAN DI KANAGARIAN INDERAPURA KECAMATAN PANCUNG SOAL KABUPATEN PESISIR SELATAN
Authors: Khairunnisa Febrina
Published: December 2020

This research is motivated by the unique tradition of a wedding or baralek party in Kanagarian Inderapura, Pancung Soal Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District, in Kanagarian Inderapura, the bridegroom or bridegroom starts to use suntiang as a bride in Minangkabau. This article was written to describe the tradition of basuntiang for marapulai in customary marriages in Kanagarian Inderapura, Pancung Soal Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District. The benefits of writing this article are expected to be able to provide more knowledge of the marital traditions that exist in the South Coastal District. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research subjects are citizens of Kanagarian Inderapura, Savings of Pancung Problem in the South Coastal District of Pesisir. Data collection techniques through interviews. The result of this research is to preserve local wisdom by cultivating the tradition of basuntiang for marapulai in customary marriages in Kanagarian Inderapura, Pancung Soal Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District which is different from other regions in Minangkabau. In other areas marapakai mamakai saluak, but in the Nagari area Inderapura started using suntiang as a head covering when holding a wedding party. The use of suntiang the groom (marapulai) is a custom that has been passed down through generations and inherited from ancestors.
Yoğun Bakım Hastalarında Gelişen Sağlık Hizmeti İle İlişkili Acinetobacter Baumanii Bakteriyemilerinin Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILDIZ Emel , TOKUR Murat , YILDIZ Emel , ARIK Özlem , ALKAN ÇEVİKER Sevil
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Çalışmada YBÜ’nde yatan hastalarda gelişen sağlık hizmeti ile ilişkili (SHİ) A. baumannii bakteriyemilerinin klinik özelliklerinin irdelenmesi ve bu enfeksiyon gelişen hastalarda sağkalımı etkileyen risk faktörlerinin saptanması amaçlandı.

Yöntem: Yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan ve A. baumannii’ye bağlı SHİ bakteriyemi tanısı konulan, erişkin hastalar çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kan kültürlerinde A. baumannii üremesi saptanan ve ilgili hekim/enfeksiyon hekimi tarafından SHİ bakteriyemi tanısı konulan hastalara ait verilere retrospektif olarak hasta dosyaları ve hastane otomasyon sisteminden ulaşıldı. Yaş, cinsiyet, antibiyotik kullanım öyküleri, yatış tanısı, altta yatan hastalıklar, uygulanan invazif girişimler gibi risk faktörleri, SAPS II değerleri ve hastaların mortalite durumları değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 36 vaka dahil edildi. Vakaların ortalama yaşı (67,3611 (±18) min:20, max:98) ve %55,5 (n:20) erkek idi. En sık ek hastalık hipertansiyon (%22) ve en sık yoğun bakıma yatış tanısı travma (%30) idi. Hastaların yoğun bakıma yatış ortalama SAPS II skoru 54,05+/-16,21 (min:20/max 79) idi. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, uygulanan invaziv işlemler ve antibiyotik tedavileri, mortalite açısından karşılaştırıldığında; yaş, hastanede kalış süresi, SAPS II puanı mortalite gelişen grupta anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Vakalar mortalite gelişen ile mortalite gelişmeyen olarak iki gruba ayrıldı. Mortalite gelişen gruptaki hastaların yaş ortalamasının, ortalama hastanede kalış süresi, SAPS II skoru, SAPS II yüzde değerlerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı.

Sonuç: Gereksiz antibiyotik tedavisinden kaçınmak ve sıkı enfeksiyon kontrol önlemleri gibi kontrol edilebilir risk faktörlerinin ortadan kaldırılması, A. baumannii kaynaklı bakteriyemileri ve buna bağlı ölümleri azaltabilir. Hastanede uzun süreli kalış, steroid ve antibiyotik maruziyeti varlığı, sınırlı terapötik seçenekleri olan A.baumanii bakteriyemili hastalarda artmış mortalite riskine neden olabilir.
COVID-19 Hastasında Tosilizumab Kullanımı Sonrası Gelişen Karaciğer Toksisitesi
Authors: ETÇİOĞLU Erkut , ÇEKİÇ Deniz , İŞSEVER Kubilay , GENÇ Ahmed Cihad , AYDIN Abdülkadir , YAYLACI Selcuk
Published: December 2020

COVID-19 hastalarında mevcut bilgilerle çeşitli tedavi yöntemleri uygulansa da, kanıtlanmış kesin bir tedavisi bulunmamakta ve dünya çapında etkin tedavi arayışı devam etmektedir. COVID-19 patogenezinde inflamatuar fırtınanın yarattığı etkinin alveol ile kan damarları arasındaki gaz değişim disfonksiyonuna neden olduğu, sonrasında pulmoner fibrozis ve organ yetmezliğine yol açtığı gösterilmiştir. İnterlökin-6 (IL-6) bu patogenezde anahtar role sahiptir. Tosilizumab (TCZ), IL-6 reseptör antagonisti olarak işlev gören, rekombinant insan monoklonal antikorudur. Tosilizumab tedavisinin; IL-6’nın anahtar rol oynadığı sitokin fırtınasını ve inflamatuar hücrelerin akciğere infiltrasyonunu önemli ölçüde azalttığına dair çalışmalar mevcuttur. Bu yazıda; ağır seyirli COVID-19 hastalığından dolayı yoğun bakım ünitesinde takip edilen, tosilizumab tedavisi sonrasında gelişen karaciğer toksisitesi olgusu sunulmuştur.
Önlisans Öğrencilerinin Depresyon ve Gündüz Uykululuk Düzeyi Bakımından İncelenmesi
Authors: YAĞCİ ŞENTÜRK Aysun , OKUR Elif
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Önlisans öğrencilerinde depresyon ve gündüz uykululuk düzeyini belirlemek ve bunlara etki eden faktörleri ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma sağlıkla ilgili programları içeren bir meslek yüksekokulunda 130 katılımcıyla yürütüldü. Veriler sosyo-demografik veri formu, Beck Depresyon Envanteri ve Epworth Uykululuk Ölçeği kullanılarak elde edildi. Veriler IBM SPSS Statistics 23,0 paket programı ile analiz edildi. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı, parametrik ve nonparametrik testler ile korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması 20±1,57 ve %79,2’si kadındı. Öğrencilerin %35,4’ünde depresyon bulguları mevcutken, %30’unda artmış gündüz uykululuğa rastlandı. Hem depresyon hem de artmış gündüz uykululuk oranı kadın öğrencilerde, erkek öğrencilerden anlamlı derecede yüksekti(p
Seasonal Variation on the Hydrochemistry and Height of Brackish-Water from Commodore Channel, Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Popoola Samuel Olatunde , Unyimadu John-Paul , Nubi Ayoola Olubunmi , Adeleye Oluwaseun Adedayo , Oba Ismaila Ayinde , Esther Karo Oghenede , Adamu Salisu , Lere-Aliu Moromade Abibat , Olabiyi Taofeek Olawale , Adegbite Akintunde Adewole , Hamzat Abdulmujeeb Bolaji , Adeyemi Ekundayo Oluwaseun , Mordi Solomon
Published: December 2020

The current study deals with the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, nutrient status, and variation in the height of surface water from the commodore channel, and its comparison with the hydrochemical characteristics of the monitoring borehole from the NIOMR Jetty, Lagos, Nigeria. We aim to further improve our understanding of the interrelationship of climate change and hydrological cycle, and its impacts in the Lagos coastal environments. The observed ranges of physicochemical characteristics of the surface water are dissolved oxygen (DO) 3.07-6.05mg/L; pH: 7.99-8.48; temperature 26.97-30.34°C, electrical conductivity (EC) 9680-47800mS/cm; salinity (Sal) 6.51-28.05‰ and water level 1.24-1.79m. The concentration of nutrient range from nitrite 10-36mg/l, nitrate 28-44mg/l, sulphate 38-90mg/l and phosphate 2-78mg/l. The analyzed hydrochemical characteristics from all the stations are within the desired values for healthy marine ecosystems when compared with Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) Nigeria permissible limits which are: DO >5 mg/l, pH 6.5-9, temperature <40°C, nitrite 1mg/l, nitrate 20mg/l, phosphate 5mg/l and sulphate 500mg/l; except low DO (<4.5mg/l) in January, November and December, and elevated nitrite, nitrate and phosphate values across the season. The low DO values may be attributed to enhanced transportation of non-biodegradable organic loads that utilize the available DO for chemical oxidation and microbial decomposition. While the enriched nitrite, nitrate and phosphate concentrations suggest enhanced productivity and influx of nutrients rich flood water from the anthropogenic source. Our study showed a coincidence in the highest brackish water height of the surface water (1.24m) from the commodore channel with the highest groundwater level (1.58m) in October. The lowest height of water levels was recorded in February and March at 2.23m and 1.79m for groundwater and surface water respectively. The similarities in the height of water levels were recorded with contrasting hydrochemical variables (e.g., high Ec vs. low Ec; and high Sal vs. low Sal), which confirmed the effect of rainfall/freshwater incursion on the surface water and simultaneous occurrence of subsurface pollution arising from seawater intrusion on the groundwater samples in October. This study had shown that a long term monitoring of rise in water levels and hydrochemical variables of surface and groundwater can be used to understand climate change and early warning predictions of flooding in coastal environments.
Efektifitas Sistem Pengendalian Intern dalam Mencegah Kecurangan di Perusahaan Daerah
Authors: Humam Haidar , Ardini Lilis , Kurnia Kurnia
Published: December 2020

Sistem pengendalian internal pada Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui apakah sistem manajemen sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik atau tidak dan menghindari terjadinya kebocoran biaya. Sistem pengendalian intern yang dilakukan di PDAM Kabupaten Bogor dalam hal pemisahan tugas dan wewenang masih belum berjalan maksimal dengan bukti adanya rangkap jabatan. Hal tersebut dikhawatirkan akan adanya penyalahgunaan wewenang jabatan yang berakibat pada kecurangan. Sistem pengendalian intern sangat diharapkan bisa mencegah sebuah kecurangan yang akan terjadi. Hal yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keefektifan penerapan sistem pengendalian intern sebagai upaya pengendalian ataupun bahkan pencegahan kejadian tindakan kecurangan. Metode kualitatif diterapkan dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah melalui observasi (observation) dan wawancara (in depth interview). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa PDAM Tirta Kahuripan Kabupaten Bogor yang telah berhasil melaksanakan sistem pengendalian intern secara efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari buku laporan evaluasi kinerja selama 3 tahun terakhir yang mengalami peningkatan dan berhasil mendapatkan prestasi terbaik urutan ke-2 se-Indonesia oleh Badan Peningkatan Penyelenggaraan Sistem Penyediaan Air Minum (BPPSPAM) atas Badan Pengawas Keuangan dan Pembangunan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi percontohan bagi pelaksanaan sistem internal oleh stakeholders.
Persepsi Kemanfaatan dan Kemudahan Wajib Pajak dalam Membayar PBB Menggunakan GO-PAY
Authors: Primastiwi Anita , Wardani Dewi Kusuma , Hermalia Hermalia
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah persepsi kemanfaatan dan persepsi kemudahan berpengaruh terhadap minat membayar pajak bumi dan bangunan menggunakan Go-Pay. Metode pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskripsi kuantitatif dan data primer dengan menggunakan kuisioner. Penelitian mengambil sampel 87 responden pengguna Go-Pay dan merupakan Wajib Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan di Kabupaten Sleman. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik convenience sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan kuisioner dalam bentuk google form dan angket. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi kemanfaatan dan persepsi kemudahan berpengaruh positif terhadap minat membayar pajak bumi dan bangunan (PBB) menggunakan Go-Pay. Persepsi kemanfaatan dan persepsi kemudahan berpengaruh positif terhadap minat membayar Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan menggunakan Go-Pay.