bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Ribosomal Proteins RPeL27, RPeL43, and RPeL41 Are Upregulated in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Sim Edmund Ui-Hang , Chan Stella Li-Li , Ng Kher-Lee , Lee Choon-Weng , Narayanan Kumaran
Published: November 2016

Apart from their canonical role in ribosome biogenesis, there is increasing evidence of ribosomal protein genes’ involvement in various cancers. A previous study by us revealed significant differential expression of three ribosomal protein genes (RPeL27,RPeL41, andRPeL43) between cell lines derived from tumor and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium. However, the results therein were based on a semiquantitative assay, thus preliminary in nature. Herein, we provide findings of a deeper analysis of these three genes in the context to nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tumorigenesis. Their expression patterns were analyzed in a more quantitative manner at transcript level. Their protein expression levels were also investigated. We showed results that are contrary to previous report. Rather than downregulation, these genes were significantly overexpressed in NPC cell lines compared to normal control at both transcript and protein levels. Nevertheless, their association with NPC has been established. Immunoprecipitation pulldown assays indicate the plausible interaction of either RPeL27 or RPeL43 with POTEE/TUBA1A and ACTB/ACTBL2 complexes. In addition, RPeL43 is shown to bind with MRAS and EIF2S1 proteins in a NPC cell line (HK1). Our findings supportRPeL27,RPeL41, andRPeL43as potential markers of NPC and provide insights into the interaction targets of RPeL27 and RPeL43 proteins.
Description of Ictal HFO Mapping in Patients with Both Temporal and Extratemporal Seizure Focus
Authors: Ochoa Juan G. , Rusyniak Walter G.
Published: November 2016

Objective. Review presurgical use of ictal HFO mapping to detect ictal activation areas with dual seizure focus in both the temporal and extratemporal cortex.Methods. Review of consecutive patients admitted to the University of South Alabama Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (SouthCEP) between January 2014 and October 2015, with suspected temporal lobe epilepsy and intracranial electrode recording. Ictal HFO localization was displayed in 3D reconstructed brain images using the patient’s own coregistered magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) with the implanted electrodes.Results. Four of fifteen patients showed evidence of extratemporal involvement at the onset of the clinical seizures. Ictal HFO mapping involving both frontal and temporal lobe changed the surgical resection areas in three patients where the initial surgical plan included only the temporal lobe. Resection of the ictal HFO at the onset of the seizure and the initial propagation region was associated with seizure freedom in all patients; follow-up period ranged from 12 to 25 months.Significance. Extratemporal ictal involvement may not have clinical manifestations and may account for surgical failure in temporal lobe epilepsy. Ictal HFO mapping is useful to define the ictal cortical network and may help detect an extratemporal focus.
Dietary Supplementation of Phoenix dactylifera Seeds Enhances Performance, Immune Response, and Antioxidant Status in Broilers
Authors: El-Far Ali H. , Ahmed Hamada A. , Shaheen Hazem M.
Published: November 2016

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seeds were utilized in some traditional medical remedies and have been investigated for their possible health benefits. This proposed study wanted to assess the effect of date palm seeds (DPS) dietary supplementation in comparison to mannan‐oligosaccharides (Bio‐Mos®) and β‐glucan over antioxidant and immunity events that have effect on growth and carcass performances of broilers. An aggregate of 180, one‐day‐old, chicks were raised in the wire‐floored cages and allotted into control, Bio‐Mos (0.1%  Bio‐Mos), β‐glucan (0.1%  β‐glucan), DPS2 (2% date crushed seeds), DPS4 (4% date crushed seeds), and DPS6 (6% date crushed seeds) groups. Broilers in DPS2 and DPS4 groups showed significant variations (P < 0.05) in relative growth rate (RGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and efficiency of energy utilization in comparison to control group. Moreover, all DPS fed groups showed significant increases (P < 0.05) in serum reduced glutathione (GSH) values. Meanwhile, both serum interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in DPS2. Consequently, obtained data revealed a substantial enhancement of performance, immunity, and antioxidant status by DPS supplementation in broiler that might be related to the antioxidant and immune‐stimulant constituents of P. dactylifera seeds.
Effect of Impeller Inlet Geometry on Cavitation Performance of Centrifugal Pumps Based on Radial Basis Function
Authors: Zhang Shuwei , Zhang Renhui , Zhang Sidai , Yang Junhu
Published: November 2016

Aiming at the cavitation problem, the blade leading edge shape has been changed to analyze its impact on the cavitation performance for centrifugal pumps. And the response model has been established based on the Radial Basis Function. The calculation case results show that the leading edge extending forward along the shroud can improve the inlet flow condition and cavitation performance. But the cavitation performance has been reduced immensely when the leading edge extends backward along the shroud. Along with the leading edge which extends forward along the hub, the cavitation performance increases at first and then decreases. A better cavitation performance for centrifugal pumps has lower load of blade inlet and higher pressure of blade suction side. The pressure pulsation is affected by the vortex out of the impeller and the falling-off and collapsing of the cavitation bubbles. The lower the pressure pulsation for blade passing frequency and the second harmonics of the samples is, the better the cavitation performance is. A relatively accurate response model based on the Radial Basis Function has been established to predict the effect of the shape of blade leading edge on the cavitation performance of centrifugal pumps.
Reducing Spectrum Handoffs and Energy Switching Consumption of MADM-Based Decisions in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Aguilar-Gonzalez Rafael , Cardenas-Juarez Marco , Pineda-Rico Ulises , Arce Armando , Latva-aho Matti , Stevens-Navarro Enrique
Published: November 2016

In a cognitive radio network (CRN), the number of spectrum handoffs increases energy consumption of cognitive (or secondary) users due to the channel switching process. This might limit the operation of the CRN, especially in scenarios where secondary users terminals are battery-powered. Thus, reducing the number of times a cognitive user involved in a transmission switch to different spectrum holes is required to increase battery life-time. In this regard, available spectrum holes possess different attributes (e.g., bandwidth) that can be exploited to satisfy specific secondary users requirements (i.e., connection profile) for data transmission while saving energy. Here, three multiple attribute decision-making (MADM) algorithms for the spectrum decision functionality are evaluated using real spectrum measurements of TV bands. This is performed by proposing six decision parameters, which are extracted from the spectrum data to characterize its suitability. Then, these are used as inputs of the MADM algorithms to select the most suitable spectrum hole for a cognitive user. Thus, an enhanced MADM-based decision process is proposed to reduce the number of handoffs considering energy consumption due to channel switching (ECCS). Results quantify savings from 30% to 90% in ECCS and spectrum handoffs reductions from 47% to 90%.
Minimally Invasive Diagnosis of Secondary Intracranial Lymphoma
Authors: McClement A. P. , Healy G. M. , Redmond C. E. , Stocker E. , Connaghan G. , Skehan S. J. , Killeen R. P.
Published: November 2016

Diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are an aggressive group of non-Hodgkin lymphoid malignancies which have diverse presentation and can have high mortality. Central nervous system relapse is rare but has poor survival. We present the diagnosis of primary mandibular DLBCL and a unique minimally invasive diagnosis of secondary intracranial recurrence. This case highlights the manifold radiological contributions to the diagnosis and management of lymphoma.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor Originating from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
Authors: Singh Mohita , Khalid Umair , Lakkis Nasser , Tabbaa Rashed
Published: November 2016

Introduction. Inflammatory pseudotumor is an uncommon entity, and its cardiac origin is exceedingly rare. Case History. A previously healthy 27-year-old man was found to have a systolic murmur during preemployment screening evaluation. A transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a 4 × 2.5 cm mass originating from the right ventricle (RV) outflow tract extending into the aortic root. A computed tomography guided biopsy confirmed an IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor. Patient was started on oral prednisone with subsequent reduction in mass size. Conclusion. Cardiac inflammatory pseudotumors are markedly rare tumors that should be considered in the differential of intracardiac tumors which otherwise includes cardiac fibromas, myxomas, and sarcomas.
Some New Ostrwoski’s Inequalities for Functions Whose nth Derivatives Are r-Convex
Authors: Meftah Badreddine
Published: November 2016

We prove some new Ostrowski’s inequalities for functions whose nth derivatives are r-convex.
Successful Stem Cell Transplantation in a Patient with Pretransplant Hepatic Inflammatory Pseudotumour
Authors: de Mel Sanjay , Soe Zarni , Wong Benjamin , Ong Ching Ching , Teo Lynette , Tan Lip Kun
Published: November 2016

Inflammatory pseudotumours (IPT) are rare benign neoplasms of unknown aetiology. We present a case of hepatic IPT which was incidentally discovered in a patient with relapsed B-acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-ALL) undergoing pretransplant workup. After investigation to exclude an infective cause she underwent a reduced intensity conditioning stem cell transplant (SCT) successfully and currently remains well and in remission. On repeat liver MRI after SCT, the IPT was seen to be resolving. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of an adult patient with hepatic IPT successfully undergoing SCT. The reduction in size of the IPT after SCT also suggests an inflammatory rather than an infective aetiology for IPT.
Influence of Curing Humidity on the Compressive Strength of Gypsum-Cemented Similar Materials
Authors: Guan Weiming , Zhang Dongsheng , Wen Yingyuan , Wang Xufeng
Published: November 2016

The analogous simulation experiment is widely used in geotechnical and mining engineering. However, systematic errors derived from unified standard curing procedure have been underestimated to some extent. In this study, 140 gypsum-cemented similar material specimens were chosen to study their curing procedure with different relative humidity, which is 10%–15%, 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. SEM microstructures and XRD spectra were adopted to detect the correlation between microstructures and macroscopic mechanical strength during curing. Our results indicated that the needle-like phases of similar materials began to develop in the early stage of the hydration process through intersecting with each other and eventually transformed into mat-like phases. Increase of humidity may inhibit the development of needle-like phases; thus the compressive strength changes more smoothly, and the time required for the material strength to reach the peak value will be prolonged. The peak strength decreases along with the increase of humidity while the humidity is higher than 40%; however, the reverse tendency was observed if the humidity was lower than 40%. Finally, we noticed that the material strength usually reaches the peak value when the water content continuously reduces and tends towards stability. Based on the above observation, a curing method determination model and experimental strength predication method for gypsum-cemented similar materials were proposed.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potential of Silver Nanoparticles: Biogenic Synthesis Utilizing Apple Extract
Authors: Nagaich Upendra , Gulati Neha , Chauhan Swati
Published: November 2016

The advancement of the biological production of nanoparticles using herbal extracts performs a significant role in nanotechnology discipline as it is green and does not engage harsh chemicals. The objective of the present investigation was to extract flavonoids in the mode of apple extract and synthesize its silver nanoparticles and ultimately nanoparticles loading into hydrogels. The presence of flavonoids in apple extract was characterized by preliminary testing like dil. ammonia test and confirmatory test by magnesium ribbon test. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized using UV spectroscopy, particle size and surface morphology, and zeta potential. Silver nanoparticles loaded hydrogels were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability, porosity, in vitro release, ex vivo permeation, and antibacterial (E. coli and S. aureus) and antioxidant studies (DPPH radical scavenging assay). Well dispersed silver nanoparticles below were observed in scanning electron microscope image. Hydrogels displayed in vitro release of 98.01%  ±  0.37% up to 24 h and ex vivo permeation of 98.81  ±  0.24% up to 24 h. Hydrogel effectively inhibited the growth of both microorganism indicating good antibacterial properties. The value of percent radical inhibition was 75.16%  ±  0.04 revealing its high antioxidant properties. As an outcome, it can be concluded that antioxidant and antiageing traits of flavonoids in apple extract plus biocidal feature of silver nanoparticles can be synergistically and successfully utilized in the form of hydrogel.
SIRT1/3 Activation by Resveratrol Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in a Septic Rat Model
Authors: Xu Siqi , Gao Youguang , Zhang Qin , Wei Siwei , Chen Zhongqing , Dai Xingui , Zeng Zhenhua , Zhao Ke-seng
Published: November 2016

Sepsis often results in damage to multiple organ systems, possibly due to severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Two members of the sirtuin family, SIRT1 and SIRT3, have been implicated in the reversal of mitochondrial damage. The aim of this study was to determine the role of SIRT1/3 in acute kidney injury (AKI) following sepsis in a septic rat model. After drug pretreatment and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model reproduction in the rats, we performed survival time evaluation and kidney tissue extraction and renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) isolation. We observed reduced SIRT1/3 activity, elevated acetylated SOD2 (ac‐SOD2) levels and oxidative stress, and damaged mitochondria in RTECs following sepsis. Treatment with resveratrol (RSV), a chemical SIRT1 activator, effectively restored SIRT1/3 activity, reduced acetylated SOD2 levels, ameliorated oxidative stress and mitochondrial function of RTECs, and prolonged survival time. However, the beneficial effects of RSV were greatly abrogated by Ex527, a selective inhibitor of SIRT1. These results suggest a therapeutic role for SIRT1 in the reversal of AKI in septic rat, which may rely on SIRT3‐mediated deacetylation of SOD2. SIRT1/3 activation could therefore be a promising therapeutic strategy to treat sepsis‐associated AKI.
Combined MSC and GLP‐1 Therapy Modulates Collagen Remodeling and Apoptosis following Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wright Elizabeth J. , Hodson Nigel W. , Sherratt Michael J. , Kassem Moustapha , Lewis Andrew L. , Wallrapp Christine , Malik Nadim , Holt Cathy M.
Published: November 2016

Background. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) are being tested as treatment strategies for myocardial infarction (MI); however, their mechanisms in the heart are not fully understood. Methods. We examined the effects of MSCs, either native, or engineered to secrete a GLP‐1 fusion protein (MSCs ± GLP‐1), on human cardiomyocyte apoptosis in vitro. The effect on cardiac remodeling when encapsulated in alginate beads (CellBeads‐MSC and CellBeads‐MSC + GLP‐1) was also evaluated in a pig MI model, whereby pigs were treated with Empty Beads, CellBeads‐MSC, or CellBeads‐MSC + GLP‐1 and sacrificed at one or four weeks following MI. Results. MSC + GLP‐1 conditioned media demonstrated antiapoptotic effects on ischaemic human cardiomyocytes in vitro. In vivo, qRT‐PCR revealed large changes in the expression of several genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, which were altered following MSC ± GLP treatment. After four weeks, infarcted areas were imaged using atomic force microscopy, demonstrating significant alterations between groups in the structure of collagen fibrils and resulting scar. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that MSCs ± GLP‐1 exhibit modulatory effects on healing post‐MI, affecting both apoptosis and collagen scar formation. These data support the premise that both MSCs and GLP‐1 could be beneficial in MI treatment.
Modified Bat Algorithm Based on Lévy Flight and Opposition Based Learning
Authors: Shan Xian , Liu Kang , Sun Pei-Liang
Published: November 2016

Bat Algorithm (BA) is a swarm intelligence algorithm which has been intensively applied to solve academic and real life optimization problems. However, due to the lack of good balance between exploration and exploitation, BA sometimes fails at finding global optimum and is easily trapped into local optima. In order to overcome the premature problem and improve the local searching ability of Bat Algorithm for optimization problems, we propose an improved BA called OBMLBA. In the proposed algorithm, a modified search equation with more useful information from the search experiences is introduced to generate a candidate solution, and Lévy Flight random walk is incorporated with BA in order to avoid being trapped into local optima. Furthermore, the concept of opposition based learning (OBL) is embedded to BA to enhance the diversity and convergence capability. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, 16 benchmark functions have been employed. The results obtained by the experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of OBMLBA for global optimization problems. Comparisons with some other BA variants and other state-of-the-art algorithms have shown the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of BA. Performances of the proposed algorithm on large scale optimization problems and real world optimization problems are not discussed in the paper, and it will be studied in the future work.
Investigation by Raman Spectroscopy of the Decomposition Process of HKUST-1 upon Exposure to Air
Authors: Todaro Michela , Alessi Antonino , Sciortino Luisa , Agnello Simonpietro , Cannas Marco , Gelardi Franco Mario , Buscarino Gianpiero
Published: November 2016

We report an experimental investigation by Raman spectroscopy of the decomposition process of Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) HKUST-1 upon exposure to air moisture (T=300 K, 70% relative humidity). The data collected here are compared with the indications obtained from a model of the process of decomposition of this material proposed in literature. In agreement with that model, the reported Raman measurements indicate that for exposure times longer than 20 days relevant irreversible processes take place, which are related to the occurrence of the hydrolysis of Cu-O bonds. These processes induce small but detectable variations of the peak positions and intensities of the main Raman bands of the material, which can be related to Cu-Cu, Cu-O, and O-C-O stretching modes. The critical analyses of these changes have permitted us to obtain a more detailed description of the process of decomposition taking place in HKUST-1 upon interaction with moisture. Furthermore, the reported Raman data give further strong support to the recently proposed model of decomposition of HKUST-1, contributing significantly to the development of a complete picture of the properties of this considerable deleterious effect.
Influence of the Expression of Inflammatory Markers on Kidney after Fetal Programming in an Experimental Model of Renal Failure
Authors: Pereira Júnior Carlos Donizete , Guimarães Camila Souza de Oliveira , da Silva Aline Cristina Souza , Rodrigues Aldo Rogelis Aquiles , da Glória Maria Aparecida , Teixeira Vicente de Paula Antunes , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Rocha Lenaldo Branco , dos Reis Marlene Antônia , Machado Juliana Reis , Rocha Laura Penna , Helmo Fernanda Rodrigues , Corrêa Rosana Rosa Miranda
Published: November 2016

Objective. To evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in experimental renal failure after fetal programming. Methods. The offspring aged two and five months were divided into four groups: CC (control dams, control offspring); DC (diabetic dams, control offspring); CFA (control dams, folic acid offspring, 250 mg/Kg); and DFA (diabetic dams, folic acid offspring). Gene expression of inflammatory markers MCP-1, IL-1, NOS3, TGF-β, TNF-α, and VEGF was evaluated by RT-PCR. Results. MCP-1 was increased in the CFA and DFA groups at two and five months of age, as well as in DC5 when compared to CC5. There was a higher expression of IL-1 in the CFA2, DFA2, and DC2 groups. There was a decrease in NOS3 and an increase in TNF-α in DFA5 in relation to CFA5. The gene expression of TGF-β increased in cases that had received folic acid at two and five months, and VEGF decreased in the CFA5 and DFA5 groups. DC5 showed increased VEGF expression in comparison with CC5. Conclusions. Gestational diabetes mellitus and folic acid both change the expression of inflammatory markers, thus demonstrating that the exposure to harmful agents in adulthood has a more severe impact in cases which underwent fetal reprogramming.
Micronucleated Erythrocytes in Peripheral Blood from Neonate Rats Exposed by Breastfeeding to Cyclophosphamide, Colchicine, or Cytosine-Arabinoside
Authors: Gómez-Meda Belinda C. , Bañales-Martínez Luis R. , Zamora-Perez Ana L. , Lemus-Varela María de Lourdes , Trujillo Xóchitl , Sánchez-Parada María G. , Torres-Mendoza Blanca M. , Armendáriz-Borunda Juan , Zúñiga-González Guillermo M.
Published: November 2016

Genotoxic exposure to chemical substances is common, and nursing mothers could transmit harmful substances or their metabolites to their offspring through breast milk. We explored the possibility of determining genotoxic effects in the erythrocytes of breastfeeding rat pups whose mothers received a genotoxic compound while nursing. Ten groups of female rats and five pups per dam were studied. The control group received sterile water, and the experimental groups received one of three different doses of cyclophosphamide, colchicine, or cytosine-arabinoside. Blood smears were prepared from samples taken from each dam and pup every 24 h for six days. There were increased numbers of micronucleated erythrocytes (MNEs) and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in the samples from pups in the experimental groups (P<0.02) and increased MNPCE frequencies in the samples from the dams (P<0.05). These results demonstrate the vertical transmission of the genotoxic effect of the compounds tested. In conclusion, assessing MNEs in breastfeeding neonate rats to assess DNA damage may be a useful approach for identifying genotoxic compounds and/or cytotoxic effects. This strategy could help in screening for therapeutic approaches that are genotoxic during the lactation stage and these assessments might also be helpful for developing preventive strategies to counteract harmful effects.
About Some Families of Nonexpansive Mappings with respect to Renorming
Authors: Acosta-Portilla Juan Rafael , Hernández-Linares Carlos Alberto , Pérez-García Víctor
Published: November 2016

We characterize the family of nonexpansive mappings which are invariant under renormings and we also compare the families of nonexpansive mappings under two equivalent norms.
Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Farsi Version of the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety in an Iranian Middle-Aged Sample
Authors: Dadfar Mahboubeh , Bahrami Fazel
Published: November 2016

The present study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety (ASDA) in an Iranian middle-aged sample. A sample of 55 volunteer Iranian persons took part in the study. Cronbach’s alpha of the ASDA was found to be high (0.91) and Spearman-Brown and Guttman Split-Half coefficients were 0.86. The factor analysis of the ASDA items yielded five factors accounting for 72.49% of the total variance and labeled (F1) fear of death and fear of dead people; (F2) fear of postmortem events and fear of tombs; (F3) fear of lethal disease; (F4) preoccupation with after death, and death fear in sleep; and (F5) fear of deprivation of own ones. The ASDA has a good validity and reliability, and it can be used in clinical, educational, and research settings.
Role of BKCain Stretch-Induced Relaxation of Colonic Smooth Muscle
Authors: Ren Jie , Xin Fang , Liu Ping , Zhao Hai-Yan , Zhang Si-Tao , Han Peng , Huang Hai-Xia , Wang Wei
Published: November 2016

Stretch-induced relaxation has not been clearly identified in gastrointestinal tract. The present study is to explore the role of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa) in stretch-induced relaxation of colon. The expression and currents of BKCawere detected and the basal muscle tone and contraction amplitude of colonic smooth muscle strips were measured. The expression of BKCain colon is higher than other GI segments (P< 0.05). The density of BKCacurrents was very high in colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). BKCain rat colonic SMCs were sensitive to stretch. The relaxation response of colonic SM strips to stretch was attenuated by charybdotoxin (ChTX), a nonspecific BKCablocker (P< 0.05). After blocking enteric nervous activities by tetrodotoxin (TTX), the stretch-induced relaxation did not change (P> 0.05). Still, ChTX and iberiotoxin (IbTX, a specific BKCablocker) attenuated the relaxation of the colonic muscle strips enduring stretch (P< 0.05). These results suggest stretch-activation of BKCain SMCs was involved in the stretch-induced relaxation of colon. Our study highlights the role of mechanosensitive ion channels in SMCs in colon motility regulation and their physiological and pathophysiological significance is worth further study.
Caregivers Lack of Disclosure Skills Delays Disclosure to Children with Perinatal HIV in Resource-Limited Communities: Multicenter Qualitative Data from South Africa and Botswana
Authors: Madiba Sphiwe
Published: November 2016

To promote the appropriate implementation of procedures for health disclosure to children, it is important to understand the reasons why caregivers delay the disclosure of healthcare information to children. This paper explored the views of caregivers on what makes disclosure to children with perinatal acquired HIV (PAH) difficult and what could make disclosure in these cases easier. Data were collected using focus group interviews with caregivers who were purposely selected from a multicenter study conducted in Botswana and South Africa. Forty-seven nondisclosed caregivers of children between 5 and 18 years who were receiving ART were interviewed. Caregivers felt that children should be told of their HIV-positive status despite the fact that none had disclosed this information to the children. The caregivers reported lack of disclosure skills but believed they were primarily responsible for disclosure to children and required support from healthcare workers (HCWs) during the disclosure process. They believed that counseling on how to approach disclosure and training on when and how to disclose will make the disclosure process easier. HCWs have a crucial role to play in promoting disclosure to perinatally infected children. The development of appropriate disclosure guidelines and training for HCWs will facilitate disclosure to children.
Laparoscopic Fenestration of a Giant Pseudocyst after Totally Extra Peritoneal Inguinal Hernia Repair
Authors: van Loon Yu-Ting , Ibelings Maaike S.
Published: November 2016

A giant pseudocyst is a rare complication after hernioplasty and is seldom seen. The pathophysiology is unclear; it characteristically does not contain epithelial lining and can be considered giant if the diameter exceeds 10 cm. Pseudocysts are mostly described after incisional hernia repairs and are usually treated with surgical resection. We report a case of a giant pseudocyst three years after totally extra peritoneal inguinal hernia repair. Laparoscopic fenestration without removing the pseudocyst with or without removal of the polypropylene mesh is a safe and effective minimal invasive approach to the treatment of a symptomatic pseudocyst and should also be considered in the approach of other large symptomatic cysts.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Therapeutic Guidelines and Medical Treatment
Authors: Kudo Masatoshi , Trevisani Franco , Abou-Alfa Ghassan K , Rimassa Lorenza
Published: November 2016

Western and Eastern perspectives on therapeutic guidelines for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have many commonalities but may also differ in certain aspects, as described in this article. In view of the limited therapeutic options for advanced HCC, evidence-based therapies are few, and thus there is a dependence on consensus-based guidelines. This article focuses on the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines and the Japanese approaches to therapy, while drawing attention to certain controversies from other academic bodies where applicable and appropriate.
Transarterial Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Lanza Ezio , Donadon Matteo , Poretti Dario , Pedicini Vittorio , Tramarin Marco , Roncalli Massimo , Rhee Hyungjin , Park Young Nyun , Torzilli Guido
Published: November 2016

Background: The treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a major health issue because of its increasing incidence and because of the complexity of its management. Transarterial embolization (TAE) and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) are two widely used locoregional therapies in the treatment of HCC, especially for unresectable intermediate and advanced HCCs. Summary: The modern use of TAE and TACE opens new scenarios for the treatment of unresectable HCC and has yielded interesting results. The present work describes the role of transarterial therapies for HCC and focuses on the different Western and Eastern approaches to the study of response predictors. Key Messages: Recent refinements in interventional radiology techniques and in HCC patient selection have facilitated better local control of the disease. The molecular profiling of HCC to predict the response to TACE and TAE will greatly help clinicians identify the optimum therapy.
Association of MBL2 Gene Polymorphism with Dental Caries in Saudi Children
Authors: Alyousef Yousef M. , Borgio J. Francis , AbdulAzeez Sayed , Al-Masoud Naif , Al-Ali Ali A. , Al-Shwaimi Emad , Al-Ali Amein K.
Published: November 2016

The high prevalence of dental caries in children worldwide is a major oral health problem which requires early intervention. Dental caries is mainly caused by the action of acids produced by bacteria in addition to many other factors. Recent genetic studies have reported that a number of genes are associated with the susceptibility to dental caries. The majority of these genes are associated with inflammation, increased susceptibility to infection, and dentine matrix formation. Using the TaqMan assay and direct DNA sequencing, the prevalence of 6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MMP9, MBL2, MMP2, and TIMP2 genes was determined in 102 children with caries and in 100 age-matched caries-free controls. Out of the 6 SNPs tested in the 4 selected genes, only rs11003125 in the MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with a high prevalence of caries in our cohort. In addition, haplotype analysis of the 6 SNPs tested revealed that certain haplotypes, namely GT of rs11003125G and rs7501477T and GT of rs7096206G and rs7501477T, were found to be associated with a high prevalence of dental caries in our cohort, while haplotype AG of rs17576A and rs7501477G was found to have a protective effect against dental caries. In conclusion, the data indicate that rs11003125 in the MBL2 gene was shown to be associated with a high prevalence of caries in our cohort, and 2 haplotypes are also involved in the increased susceptibility to dental caries.
Nutrition Status, Nutrition Support Therapy, and Food Intake are Related to Prolonged Hospital Stays in China: Results from the NutritionDay 2015 Survey
Authors: Zheng Huijun , Huang Yingchun , Shi Yongmei , Chen Wei , Yu Jianchun , Wang Xinying
Published: November 2016

Background and Aims: Malnutrition is a common and critical problem that greatly influences the clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients. Nutrition support therapy and food intake, in addition to disease-related factors, are also important to maintain the nutrition status of patients. In light of this, we aimed to examine the risk factors associated with malnutrition in 3 hospitals in China. Methods: This project was part of the NutritionDay audit, an international daylong cross-sectional audit investigating the nutritional intervention profiles of hospitalized patients. Seven standardized questionnaires were used, and malnutrition was defined as a body mass index <18.5 kg/m2 or unintentional weight loss >5% in last 3 months. Results: A total of 842 hospitalized patients from 9 units in 3 Chinese hospitals participated in the project on November 19, 2015. Among them, 825 were included in the analyses. Malnutrition was identified in 29.3% of the patients and oral nutrition was the primary nutrition support therapy administered (n = 623, 75.6%). Age, nutrition support, and food intake during the past week were independent risk factors for malnutrition. Furthermore, nutrition status, nutrition support therapy, and food intake during the past week were associated with prolonged length of stay. Conclusions: The prevalence of malnutrition in Chinese hospitals was similar to that in European hospitals. Nutrition status was associated with age, nutrition support, and food intake, which was closely related to patients' clinical outcome, such as prolonged hospital stays as confirmed in this study. More studies are needed to determine why nutrition intake is often inadequate and to determine efficient methods for correcting the nutrition status of patients.
B Cell Lymphoma-2-Modified Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transplantation for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Erectile Dysfunction in a Rat Model
Authors: Sun Xiang , Luo Long-Hua , Feng Liang , Li Dong-Shui , Zhong Ke-Zhao
Published: November 2016

Objective: The study aimed to explore the effects of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)-modified bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation for the treatment of diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED) in a rat model. Methods: The DMED rat model was successfully established. Thirty-six DMED rats were assigned into the Bcl-2-BMSCs, null-BMSCs, BMSCs and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) groups. Meanwhile, 9 normal rats injected with PBS were taken as the normal control group. Results: In the Bcl-2-BMSCs group, the average times of erection, rate of erection, peak intra-cavernous pressure (ICP) and peak ICP/mean arterial pressure were higher than those in the null-BMSCs, BMSCs and PBS groups, but were lower than those in the normal control group. In the Bcl-2-BMSCs group, capillary vessels and Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions were similar to those in the normal control group, while they were higher than those in other groups. Conclusion: These findings indicate that Bcl-2-modified BMSC transplantation could improve erectile function in DMED rats.
Distribution of the Grey Slender Loris (Loris lyddekerianus Cabrera, 1908) in Tamil Nadu, Southern India
Authors: Kumara Honnavalli N. , Sasi R. , Chandran Subash , Radhakrishna Sindhu
Published: November 2016

The grey slender loris Loris lydekkerianus, one of only two nocturnal primates of India, is found in the southern part of the country. Our understanding of its geographical distribution is largely based on historical records and short surveys, and little is known of its occurrence in southern India today. We sought to establish the relative abundance of this species in 26 districts in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Pondicherry in southern India. We sighted lorises in 19 districts, and their relative abundance ranged from 0.01 to 2.21/km. The south-central districts of Tamil Nadu showed the highest densities of lorises, while the western districts showed the lowest. Based on these results, we recommend increased protection measures for the forest patches of the Eastern Ghats mountains in order to ensure the long-term survival of the grey slender loris.
Intrarenal Vascular Resistance is Associated With a Prothrombotic State in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Catena Cristiana , Colussi GianLuca , Novello Marileda , Fagotto Valentina , Sechi Leonardo A.
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims: Hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis is associated with progressive increase of intrarenal vascular resistance. In addition to blood pressure, other factors can contribute to hypertensive renal damage including a prothrombotic state. We investigated the relationship between hemostatic markers and intrarenal vascular resistance in hypertension. Methods: In 115 untreated, nondiabetic, hypertensive subjects free of cardiovascular complications and advanced renal function impairment, we measured 24-hour creatinine clearance (GFR) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE), fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-index, and plasma levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer, prothrombin fragment 1+2, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, homocysteine, and lipoprotein(a). In all patients, measurement of intrarenal resistance was obtained by renal Doppler ultrasound with calculation of the renal resistance index (RI). Results: Patients in the highest tertile of RI were older and had greater body mass index, pulse pressure, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels and lower GFR than patients in the lowest RI tertile. RI was directly correlated with age, pulse pressure, HOMA-index, UAE, D-dimer, and inversely with GFR. On multivariate analysis, RRI was independently associated with age, GFR, and plasma D-dimer. Conclusions: A prothrombotic state is associated with increased intrarenal vascular resistance in nondiabetic hypertensive patients and might contribute to the early stages of hypertensive renal disease.
Medical Treatment of Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Marquis-Gravel Guillaume , Redfors Björn , Leon Martin B. , Généreux Philippe
Published: November 2016

Untreated, severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis is associated with a dismal prognosis. The only treatment shown to improve survival is aortic valve replacement; however, before symptoms occur, aortic stenosis is preceded by a silent, latent phase characterized by a slow progression at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. In theory, specific medical therapy should halt aortic stenosis progression, reduce its hemodynamic repercussions on left ventricular function and remodeling, and improve clinical outcomes. In the present report, we performed a systematic review of studies focusing on the medical treatment of patients with aortic stenosis. Lipid-lowering therapy, antihypertensive drugs, and anticalcific therapy have been the main drug classes studied in this setting and are reviewed in depth. A critical appraisal of the preclinical and clinical evidence is provided, and future research avenues are presented.
Welcoming the Stranger with Intention and Architectural Edifice: Beyond the Geopolitical Hollowness of Crimmigration
Authors: du Toit Calvyn Clarence , Auret Hendrik
Published: November 2016

Encounters between strangers and established dwellers harbour poetic possibilities. However, contemporary cities often fail to capitalise on these meetings. Events of crimmigration divulge a geopolitical hollowness, which the city might reframe. This article offers such a reframing by discoursing Public Theology and Architecture. First, we describe the geopolitical hollowness of crimmigration. Next, we connect Spiritual Architecture and Public Theology through Stiegler’s description of the pharmacological atmosphere technics engender. Then, we interpret a biblical spirituality curated by the Sodom narrative, illuminating the pathological paths which established denizens’ desire for the migrant might take. Finally, inspired by amalgamating the architect, Norberg-Schulz’s ‘art of place’ and the potential for an architectural ‘art of care’ dormant in Heidegger’s philosophy, we propose a symbolic architectural edifice. A building welcoming and inviting the care-filled contribution of the migrant to the node of the city.
Declining reproductive output in capercaillie and black grouse – 16 countries and 80 years
Authors: Jahren Torfinn , Storaas Torstein , Willebrand Tomas , Fossland Moa Pål , Hagen Bjørn-Roar
Published: November 2016

Declines in populations of capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) and black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) have been reported from both Central Europe and the continuous boreal forests of Fennoscandia. While intensified land-use is assumed to be the underlying cause of these declines, the mechanisms are not yet understood. Predation is the proximate cause of mortality of eggs, chicks and adults throughout capercaillie and black grouse ranges, but the link between predation and habitat and/or climate change remains unclear. To investigate temporal trends in reproductive output of woodland grouse, we collated previously published and unpublished data of reproduction in capercaillie and black grouse throughout their ranges from 1930 to 2012. We show that, overall, reproductive success has decreased and stabilized at low levels in most regions whilst capercaillie reproductive output in Scotland is still declining. With today’s net reproduction, capercaillie and black grouse adult survival is too low to compensate for reproduction declines. Consequently, populations are expected to further decline unless reproductive performances improve. We put our findings in the context of changes in land use, climate and generalist predator numbers. By critically reviewing how these factors limit reproductive success in capercaillie and black grouse, we hope to shed light on the underlying mechanisms causing the decline. Our results imply that measures should be undertaken to reduce mortality of capercaillie and black grouse chicks and eggs. We suggest that future studies should aim to better understand which predators limit capercaillie and black grouse populations and how predation rates are mediated by continuously changing habitat and climate.
Reflections on Rehabilitation as a Form of Reparation in Chile after Pinochet’s Dictatorship
Authors: Lira Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

This article considers the Programme for Reparation and Integral Health Assistance for Victims of Human Rights Violations (prais) in Chile. It includes a summary of the reparations programmes implemented in Chile from 1990 to 2004, to redress the human rights violations suffered by victims of Pinochet’s dictatorship (1973–1990). The Health Programme was created in 1991 and reinforced by law in 2004. It has been the principal reparation measure for victims of human rights violations adopted in Chile, including third-generation relatives. This article puts them in context and assesses achievements and challenges of the reparations programme.
Memory, Cultural Heritage and Community Rights
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej , Fiorentini Francesca , Manikowska Ewa
Published: November 2016

For centuries church bells have constituted an inherent element of religious and social life. Due to their artistic and pecuniary value, the bells have also been subjected to forced removal and/or pillage. This article discusses the role of church bells as vehicles of the collective memory and cultural identity of selected ethnic and religious communities in Europe which were deeply affected by the post-World War ii territorial arrangements: namely, the Italian, Slovenian and Croatian communities of Istria and Ukrainians re-settled from Poland. Against the background of these cases it explores the clashes within various layers of international law dealing with culture and cultural heritage: humanitarian law, state succession, protection of the integrity of cultural heritage sites, and human rights. Viewed through such a lens, some suggestions are offered on how to overcome these conflicts in order to enforce the cultural rights of communities and protect their right to enjoy their material and spiritual heritage.
Three new species of the genus Oligobregma (Polychaeta, Scalibregmatidae) from the Scotia and Weddell Seas (Antarctica)
Authors: SCHÜLLER MYRIAM , HILBIG BRIGITTE
Published: November 2016

Three new species of the scalibregmatid genus Oligobregma Kudenov & Blake, 1978 are described from Antarctic waters. The species are best distinguished by the number and arrangement of acicular spines in anterior notopodia. While Oligobregma pseudocollare sp. nov., bears two rows of spines in the first two notopodia, spines are arranged in single rows in Oligobregma blakei sp. nov. In Oligobregma quadrispinosa sp. nov., the first four chaetigers are armed with acicular spines. The species were collected from depths between 753 and 4069 m in the Scotia and Weddell Seas. A comparison with further species of Oligobregma known from Southern Oceans is given.
A new genus and species of inseminating characid fish from the rio Xingu basin (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: MENEZES NAÉRCIO A. , FERREIRA KATIANE M. , NETTO-FERREIRA ANDRÉ LUIZ
Published: November 2016

Phallobrycon adenacanthus, is described as a new genus and species belonging to Clade A characids of Malabarba & Weitzman (2003). The new taxon is the only characid possessing two developed spines on unbranched portions of fifth, sixth and seventh anal-fin rays associated with intumescent glandular tissue on the anterior portion of the anal fin of sexually mature males. Other non-exclusive diagnostic features of the new genus (observed in male specimens) are: urogenital papilla modified into a copulatory organ, absence of pelvic-fin hooks and glandular tissue not organized into an organ. The presence of these features in members of Clade A and other characids is discussed in order to hypothesize the relationships of Phallobrycon.
Mitochondrial DNA relationships among North Palaearctic Eptesicus (Vespertilionidae, Chiroptera) and past hybridization between Common Serotine and Northern Bat
Authors: V. ARTYUSHIN I. , A. BANNIKOVA A. , S. LEBEDEV V. , V. KRUSKOP S.
Published: November 2016

Interspecific hybridization was proposed as one of the explanations for the lack of differentiation between mtDNA of the morphologically divergent bats Eptesicus serotinus and E. nilssonii. However, only West European populations of these species were examined so far. The cytochrome b mitochondrial gene sequences of E. serotinus originating from Russia were compared with those of other North Palaearctic Eptesicus. Common serotines from the Caucasus, Central and South Russia constitute a separate monophyletic group, distinct from western E. serotinus populations, E. nilssonii, and also from E. isabellinus. Only a common serotine from Kaliningrad region proved to be a member of the West European clade. According to these results one may suppose that most of Russian population of E. serotinus escaped the hybridization event that led to fixation of alien mitochondrial genome in the West European populations. Given that (i) preliminary nuclear data support the distinction between E. serotinus and E. nilssonii and (ii) E. serotinus appears morphologically homogeneous throughout the European part of its range, we consider that this past mtDNA introgression has no direct taxonomic implications. For the first time included in a molecular phylogenetic analysis, E. gobiensis was shown to be a full species, related to E. nilssonii. From our mtDNA phylogenetic tree, the taxonomic validity of the subgenus Amblyotus appears doubtful.