bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding the Prevalence of Medial Arterial Calcification Among Complex Reconstructive Patients: Insights from a Decade of Experience at a Tertiary Limb Salvage Center
Authors: Rohrich Rachel N. , Li Karen R. , Episalla Nicole C. , Atkinson Khaleel , Lin Ryan P. , Ferdousian Sami , Youn Richard C. , Evans Karen K. , Akbari Cameron M. , Attinger Christopher E.
Published: January 2025

Background: Medial arterial calcification (MAC), a distinct form of vascular pathology frequently coexisting with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), poses unique challenges in limb salvage among patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and end-stage renal disease. This study examines the incidence of MAC and its impact on limb salvage outcomes over a decade of experience at a tertiary limb salvage center. Methods: A retrospective review of all complex lower extremity (LE) reconstructions using local flap (LF) or free tissue transfer (FTT), performed from July 2011 to September 2022, was conducted. Patients were classified into MAC and No MAC groups based on pedal radiography evaluations using the Ferraresi MAC scoring system. The primary outcomes were major lower extremity amputation (MLEA), the need for postoperative vascular intervention, major adverse limb events (MALE; defined as the composite of any unplanned reoperation, MLEA, or postoperative revascularization attempt), and mortality. Results: During the study period, a total of 430 LE reconstructions were performed with LF or FTT. A total of 323 cases (75.1%) demonstrated no MAC while the remaining 107 (24.9%) demonstrated MAC. The MAC group exhibited significantly higher rates of diabetes, PAD, and renal disease. With a follow-up duration of 17.0 (IQR: 33.9) months, the MAC group demonstrated a significantly higher rate of MLEA (24.3% vs. 13.0%, p = 0.006), postoperative vascular intervention (23.4% vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001), MALE (57.0% vs. 25.7%, p < 0.001), and mortality (28.0% vs. 9.9%, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified MAC as independently predictive of MALE (OR: 1.8, CI: 1.1–3.0, p = 0.033). Conclusion: MAC is prevalent among surgical candidates for limb salvage. Patients with MAC represent a significant medical and reconstructive challenge. Radiographic screening for MAC should be considered in all limb salvage candidates with LE wounds, especially in those with diabetes and kidney disease. Assessing MAC is important for better evaluating risk factors and surgical options so as to optimize outcomes in this challenging population.
The Role of TSLP and IL-1 β and Their Genetic Variants in the Pathogenesis of Single and Multiple Atopic Diseases in Children
Authors: Sikorska-Szaflik Hanna , Dębińska Anna , Połomska Joanna , Drabik-Chamerska Anna , Sozańska Barbara
Published: January 2025

Allergic diseases commonly coexist, manifesting in a sequence described as the “allergic march”. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate TSLP’s and IL-1β’s potential as biomarkers in both single and multi-pediatric atopic diseases like atopic eczema, food allergy, and anaphylaxis and analyze specific SNPs in the TSLP and IL-1β genes to determine their associations with their occurrence and severity. Methods: This analysis included 109 atopic children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, food allergy, or anaphylaxis alongside a control group of 57 non-atopic children. Recruitment was facilitated through the use of a comprehensive questionnaire. For the study population, the allergen profile was characterized at the molecular level by measuring specific IgE to purified natural or recombinant allergens, assessing serum levels of circulating TSLP and IL-1β, and identifying single-nucleotide polymorphisms in TSLP (rs2289277) and IL-1β (rs16944 C-511T). Results: The serum levels of TSLP and IL-1β were elevated in the study groups compared to the control group, highlighting their significance in the pathogenesis of the studied diseases. Carrying a higher number of the risk allele [C] in the TSLP SNP rs2289277 is associated with the greatest likelihood of having multiple concurrent allergic conditions, with the highest risk observed in individuals with all three conditions—atopic dermatitis, food allergy, and anaphylaxis, simultaneously. Moreover, children carrying the risk allele had a twofold increased risk of polysensitization, which rose to sixfold in those with two copies of the risk allele. Although no significant variations in genotype frequencies were detected for IL-1β rs16944, significant associations were observed for TSLP rs2289277, particularly with conditions such as atopic dermatitis, food allergy, anaphylaxis, and combinations of these diseases. Conclusions: Further research is required to elucidate these pathways and their role in the development of allergic diseases.
The Ultimate Tensile Strength of SiC/SiC Composites: Multiscale Approach
Authors: Lamon Jacques
Published: January 2025

The present paper tackles the important issue of tensile ultimate strength of ceramic matrix composites, using a multiscale approach. The ultimate strength is investigated at the successive increasing length scales inherent to 2D woven SiC/SiC composites, i.e., single filaments, fibre tow, unidirectional composite (minicomposites), and 2D woven composite. First, experimental results on tensile behavior under strain-controlled conditions are summarized for tows, minicomposites, and composites. Then, models of tow ultimate failures under controlled force and strain are presented. The exact criterion of tow failure is developed for filament fracture initiation and then propagation based on applied stress and on filament strength gradient. The model of the ultimate failure of the composite under strain-controlled conditions is based on the strength of filaments in the presence of matrix cracks and the overstress induced by interactions of broken filaments and the matrix. The variability of ultimate strengths of filaments, minicomposites, and composites at various gauge lengths is described by linear p-quantile diagrams, which indicates that the data follow a normal distribution function. The contribution of structural effects to the variability of composite and minicomposite strength under strain-controlled loading is analyzed. Their dependence on specimen size is related to the reproducibility of critical flaw population and structural effects.
Long-Term Stability and Osteogenic Activity of Recycled Polysulfone-Calcium Silicate Bone Implants In Vitro
Authors: Chang Chi-Nan , Huang Yun-Ru , Ding Shinn-Jyh
Published: January 2025

Environmental protection issues have received widespread attention, making material recycling increasingly important. The upcycling of polysulfone (PSF) medical waste, recognized as a high-performance plastic with excellent mechanical properties, deserves promotion. While PSF is suitable for use as an orthopedic implant material, such as internal fixation, its osteogenesis capabilities must be enhanced. Mechanical stability, particularly over the long term, is a significant concern for bone implants in load-bearing applications. This study recycled PSF medical waste to create bone composites by incorporating osteogenic calcium silicate (CaSi) at three different contents: 10%, 20%, and 30%. We evaluated the phase, morphology, weight loss, and three-point bending strength of the PSF-based composites after they were soaked in dynamic simulated body fluid (SBF) at pH levels of 7.4 and 5.0 for up to 12 months. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were utilized to assess the osteogenic activity of these composites. Our findings revealed that, while the bending strength of PSF-based composites declined with prolonged exposure to SBF, the dissolution of CaSi particles led to a manageable weight loss of about 4% after 12 months, regardless of pH 7.4 or 5.0. Importantly, the incorporation of CaSi into the PSF matrix exhibited a positive effect on the attachment and proliferation of hMSCs. The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and calcium deposits directly correlated with the CaSi content, indicating superior osteogenic activity. Considering biostability and osteogenic ability, the 20% CaSi-PSF composite demonstrated promise as a candidate for load-bearing implant applications.
A First Diastolic Function Evaluation in the Personalized Exercise Prescription Program for Solid Organs Transplanted Subjects: Is Atrial Strain Useful?
Authors: Orlandi Melissa , Corsi Marco , Bini Vittorio , Palazzo Roberto , Gitto Stefano , Fiorillo Claudia , Becatti Matteo , Maglione Marco , Stefani Laura
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Solid organ transplant recipients (OTR) have been recently involved in exercise prescription programs in order to reduce the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. The normal systolic and diastolic cardiac function is fundamental to personalizing the prescription. Diastolic dysfunction can be associated to a higher risk of cardiovascular events and left atrial (LA) strain is an emerging parameter in the evaluation of diastolic compromising, especially in subjects with preserved ejection fraction. Left atrial (LA) strain has never been explored in this category. The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the LA strain in the assessment of diastolic function of OTR and its potential contribution in the exercise program. Methods: 54 solid OTR (liver and kidney transplants) regularly trained for at least 12 months in a home-based, partially supervised model at moderate intensity estimated by cardiopulmonary exercise test, underwent a complete echocardiographic analysis. The measured variables included left ventricle systolic function (ejection fraction, EF), diastolic function (E/A and E/E’), LA indexed volumes, LA peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) and LA peak atrial contraction strain (PACS). The data were compared to those of 44 healthy subjects (HS). Results: The OTR showed an overweight condition (BMI: 25.79 ± 2.92 vs. 22.25 ± 2.95; p < 0.01). Both groups showed a preserved systolic function (EF: OTR 63.1 ± 3.5% vs. HS 66.9 ± 6.1; p < 0.001), while diastolic standard parameters were significantly different (E/A, 1.01 ± 0.4 vs. 1.96 ± 0.74; p < 0.001; E/E’, 9.2 ± 2.7 vs. 6.9 ± 1.3; p < 0.001, in OTR and HS respectively) despite being normal. LA strain was significantly lower in OTR vs. HS (4C PALS, 33.7 ± 9.7 vs. 45.4 ± 14.19; p < 0.001; 4C PACS, 15.9 ± 6.7 vs. 11.6 ± 7.5; p = 0.006; 2C PALS, 35.3 ± 11.1 vs. 47.6 ± 14.9; p < 0.001; 2C PALS, 17.4 ± 4.9 vs. 13.2 ± 14.97; p = 0.001; in OTR and HS respectively). A specific correlation of two- and four-chamber PACs and PALs with BMI has been observed (R for 4C PALS −0.406 ** and 2C PALS −0.276 *). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the coexistence of increased bodyweight in asymptomatic OTR patients can exacerbate the impairment of LA strains. LA strain detection could be useful in the development of a personalized exercise program for OTRs, especially for asymptomatic subjects and those with elevated cardiovascular risk profile, to potentially manage the exercise program in the long term. Larger studies will confirm the role via an eventual structured clinical score index.
Beyond the Buzz: A Measured Look at Bitcoin’s Viability as Money
Authors: Al-Mansouri Essa Hamad , Aysan Ahmet Faruk , Nagayev Ruslan
Published: January 2025

This paper examines Bitcoin’s viability as money through the lens of its risk profile, with a particular focus on its store of value function. We employ a suite of wavelet techniques, including Wavelet Transform (WT), Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC), Multiple Wavelet Coherence (MWC), and Partial Wavelet Coherence (PWC), to decompose the risk structure of Bitcoin and analyze its relationship with various systematic risk factors. Our dataset spans from 13 August 2015 to 29 June 2024, and includes Bitcoin, major commodities, global and US equities, Shari’ah-compliant equities, Ethereum, and the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR). We find that Bitcoin’s risk profile is increasingly aligned with traditional financial assets, indicating growing market integration. While Bitcoin exhibits high volatility, a significant portion of this volatility can be attributed to systematic rather than idiosyncratic factors. This suggests that Bitcoin’s risk may be more diversifiable than previously thought. Our findings have important implications for monetary policy and financial regulation, challenging the notion that Bitcoin’s volatility precludes its use as money and suggesting that regulatory approaches should consider Bitcoin’s evolving risk characteristics and increasing integration with broader financial markets.
Factors Influencing the Choice Between Multi-Target Stool DNA and Colonoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Alaska Native Peoples
Authors: Jeffries Lauren A. , Flanagan Christie A. , Finney Rutten Lila J. , Kisiel John B. , Redwood Diana G.
Published: January 2025

The Alaska Tribal Health System is increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among Alaska Native (AN) peoples, who experience the highest CRC rate in the world. Through a clinical trial (NCT04336397), AN people living in rural/remote Alaska were offered either the previously unavailable multi-target stool DNA test (mt-sDNA; Cologuard®) or colonoscopy. From April 2022 to August 2024, 113 (59%) people who completed mt-sDNA testing and 51 (39%) who completed a colonoscopy procedure participated in a survey on factors influencing their screening test choice. The majority of mt-sDNA participants (79%) were aware of the colonoscopy option, while most colonoscopy participants (72%) reported being unaware of the mt-sDNA option. Key mt-sDNA preference themes included not having to travel, less time commitment, childcare and work responsibilities, physical limitations, greater convenience, and the test being less invasive and dangerous than a colonoscopy. In contrast, colonoscopy preference themes included wanting to adhere to screening recommendations, be proactive about preventative health, family history of cancer, awareness of the higher CRC risk among AN peoples, as well as the belief that colonoscopy is more reliable and accurate since it is performed by medical providers. These findings underscore the complex factors influencing CRC screening preferences among rural and remote AN people. Limited access to medical facilities, financial burdens, and personal commitments, along with personal factors, have a substantial bearing on the screening decision-making process. Recognizing and addressing these multifaceted influences can help CRC screening programs better meet community member needs and preferences, ultimately improving screening rates and colorectal health outcomes.
Titanium Oxide Formation in TiCoCrFeMn High-Entropy Alloys
Authors: Przygucka Dominika , Polkowska Adelajda , Polkowski Wojciech , Karczewski Krzysztof , Jóźwiak Stanisław
Published: January 2025

High-entropy materials, characterized by complex chemical compositions, are difficult to identify and describe structurally. These problems are encountered at the composition design stage when choosing an effective method for predicting the final phase structure of the alloy, which affects its functional properties. In this work, the effects of introducing oxide precipitates into the matrix of a high-entropy TiCoCrFeMn alloy to strengthen ceramic particles were studied. The particles were introduced by the ex situ method, such as TiO2 in the form of anatase, and by the in situ method, consisting of the reconstruction of CuO into TiO2. In both cases, it was assumed that after the homogenization process, carried out at 1000 °C, ceramic precipitates in the rutile phase, commonly considered a stable allotropic form of TiO2, would be obtained. However, the microscopic observations and XRD analyses, supported by EDS chemical composition microanalysis and EBSD backscattered electron diffraction, clearly revealed that, regardless of the method of introducing oxides, the final strengthening phase obtained was a mixture of TiO2 in the form of anatase with the Magnelli phase of Ti2O3. In this work, phase reconstruction in the Ti-O system was analyzed using changes in the Gibbs free energy of the identified oxide phases.
Performance of Self-Compacting Mortars Using Ground Seashells as Recycled Sand
Authors: González-Caro Ágata , Merino-Lechuga Antonio Manuel , Suescum-Morales David , Fernández-Ledesma Enrique , Fernández-Rodríguez José María , Jiménez José Ramón
Published: January 2025

The findings highlight the potential for broadening the use of shell aggregates in construction applications. This research investigated the viability of incorporating milled Acanthocardia tuberculata seashells as fine sand replacements for natural calcareous sand in the production of self-compacting mortar. These results highlight a promising avenue for coastal industries to reduce waste while enhancing the durability of construction materials. Mortar mixtures containing recycled seashell aggregates exhibit superior overall performance compared with those using natural sand in terms of durability, although there is a slight reduction in workability and mechanical strength. Three replacement levels of natural limestone sand (0%, 50%, and 100%) with seashell-based fine aggregates were studied, along with three different powdered/sand ratios. The fresh properties of the mixtures were assessed for workability, whereas the hardened specimens were analyzed using an X-ray technique, thermogravimetry, and differential thermal analysis. Key performance and durability properties, including compressive and flexural strengths, bulk density, porosity, water absorption, dimensional stability, and mercury intrusion porosimetry at 28 days of hardening, were also evaluated. Overall, the incorporation of Acanthocardia tuberculata seashells into cementitious materials supports the principles of the circular economy, providing both environmental and performance advantages.
Experimental Study of Carbonation and Chloride Resistance of Self-Compacting Concretes with a High Content of Fly Ash and Metakaolin, with and Without Hydrated Lime
Authors: Anjos Marcos Alyssandro S. dos , Camões Aires , Malheiro Raphaele , Maia Pederneiras Cinthia , Peixoto Lorena K. S.
Published: January 2025

The durability of reinforced concrete is associated with several factors that can trigger the corrosion of reinforcement bars. Among these factors, the most significant are chloride-ion attack and carbonation. This study evaluated, through accelerated testing, self-compacting concretes (SCCs) with reduced cement content in binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures using high-early-strength Portland cement, fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), and hydrated lime (HL). These systems are proposed to address the slow compressive strength gains at 28 days in concretes with high fly ash content and to minimise the effects of carbonation in concretes with high levels of mineral additives. Laboratory tests were conducted to measure chloride-ion migration in a non-steady-state system, accelerated carbonation in a controlled chamber, electrical resistivity, void indices, and compressive strength. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the combined use of MK, FA, and HL was effective in reducing cement consumption to extreme levels, such as 120 and 150 kg/m3, while still achieving durability indices superior to those of SCCs with cement consumption of 500 kg/m3.
Controlled Filtered Poisson Processes
Authors: Lefebvre Mario
Published: January 2025

Filtered Poisson processes are used as models in various applications, in particular in statistical hydrology. In this paper, controlled filtered Poisson processes are considered. The aim is to minimize the expected time that the process will spend in the continuation region. The dynamic programming equation satisfied by the value function is derived. To obtain the value function, and hence the optimal control, a non-linear integro-differential equation must be solved, subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. Various cases for the size of the jumps are treated and explicit results are obtained.
Statistical Aspects of Two Classes of Random Binomial Trees and Forests
Authors: Huillet Thierry E.
Published: January 2025

We consider two specific families of binomial trees and forests: simply generated binomial d-ary trees and forests versus their increasing phylogenetic version, with tree nodes in increasing order from the root to any of its leaves. The analysis (both pre-asymptotic and asymptotic) consists of some of the main statistical features of their total progenies. We take advantage of the fact that the random distribution of those trees are obtained while weighting the counts of the underlying combinatorial trees. We finally briefly stress a rich alternative randomization of combinatorial trees and forests, based on the ratio of favorable count outcomes to the total number of possible ones.
Return Strategies of Competing E-Sellers: Return Freight Insurance vs. Return Pickup Services
Authors: Li Qiyuan , Fang Yanli , Chen Yan
Published: January 2025

Over the past decade, return freight insurance (RFI) and return pickup services (RPSs) have emerged as dominant return service strategies in e-commerce, particularly in China’s competitive online retail market. Despite their prominence, the strategic dynamics guiding e-sellers’ choice between these services remain underexplored. This study develops a game-theoretic model to analyze the equilibrium return strategies of two horizontally competing e-sellers with varying misfit probabilities. By examining four subgames, we identify the conditions under which e-sellers converge on either RFI or RPSs. Our findings revealed that highly similar or highly differentiated products typically favor RFI due to intense price competition or reduced need for service-based competition, while moderately differentiated products lead to RPS adoption as service quality becomes a key competitive lever. Additionally, competitive pressure often drives e-sellers to adopt homogenized return strategies, particularly RPSs, to maintain market position. The equilibrium outcomes are shaped by misfit probability differences, consumer hassle costs, and cost structures, offering actionable insights into optimizing return strategies in competitive e-commerce environments. These findings provide actionable insights into optimizing return service strategies in competitive e-commerce environments and contribute to the growing literature on return policies as a competitive lever in online retail markets.
Relationship Between Human Microbiome and Helicobacter pylori
Authors: La Placa Giada , Covino Marcello , Candelli Marcello , Gasbarrini Antonio , Franceschi Francesco , Merra Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

The enteric microbiota influences gene expression in the colonic epithelium. H. pylori (Helicobacter pylori) affects gastric growth factors, cytokines, and tumor cell markers, potentially benefiting the host. The interaction between H. pylori and human microbiota is complex but appears beneficial in gastric disease development. This publication discusses the human microbiota, gastric microbiome, chronic H. pylori colonization, and the bacterium’s role in gastric disease. The interplay between the gastric bacterium and human microbiota during infection is also explored. The human gut has the most abundant and complex microbial community and performs vital roles in food digestion and nutrient uptake, extraction of absorbable vitamins, and inhibition of pathogen colonization. Helicobacter pylori is a highly specialized human gastric pathogen, predominantly colonizing the gastric mucus layer, on or adherent to the underlying gastric epithelial cell surfaces. Many studies have suggested that the gastric microbiome is related to H. pylori infection, and some bacterial species can be used for the detection or diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Human microbiome and genome analysis has revolutionized our understanding of the intricate relationship between humans and their associated microbial communities. The integration of microbiome data has displayed promising capabilities in occult disease detection, unveiling previously hidden pathologies and providing opportunities for early intervention. These groundbreaking discoveries have paved the way for novel therapeutic strategies and a deeper comprehension of the interconnected nature of the human microbiome and overall health.
Comparative Analysis of In Vivo and In Vitro Virulence Among Foodborne and Clinical Listeria monocytogenes Strains
Authors: Yan Hui , Xu Biyao , Gao Binru , Xu Yunyan , Xia Xuejuan , Ma Yue , Qin Xiaojie , Dong Qingli , Hirata Takashi , Li Zhuosi
Published: January 2025

Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that can cause invasive listeriosis. In this study, the virulence levels of 26 strains of L. monocytogenes isolated from food and clinical samples in Shanghai, China, between 2020 and 2022 were analyzed. There were significant differences among isolates in terms of their mortality rate in Galleria mellonella, cytotoxicity to JEG-3 cells, hemolytic activity, and expression of important virulence genes. Compared with other STs, both the ST121 (food source) and ST1930 (clinic source) strains exhibited higher G. mellonella mortality. The 48 h mortality in G. mellonella of lineage II strains was significantly higher than that in lineage I. Compared with other STs, ST1930, ST3, ST5, and ST1032 exhibited higher cytotoxicity to JEG-3 cells. Based on the classification of sources (food and clinical strains) and serogroups (II a, II b, and II c), there were no significant differences observed in terms of G. mellonella mortality, cytotoxicity, and hemolytic activity. In addition, ST121 exhibited significantly higher hly, inlA, inlB, prfA, plcA, and plcB gene expression compared with other STs. A gray relation analysis showed a high correlation between the toxicity of G. mellonella and the expression of the hly and inlB genes; in addition, L. monocytogenes may have a consistent virulence mechanism involving hemolysis activity and cytotoxicity. Through the integration of in vivo and in vitro infection models with information on the expression of virulence factor genes, the differences in virulence between strains or subtypes can be better understood.
Risk Factors and Circulating Subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in Hospitalized Children in Mozambique
Authors: Nhambirre Ofélia , Lobo Maria Luísa , Cossa-Moiane Idalécia , Bauhofer Adilson , Deus Nilsa de , Matos Olga
Published: January 2025

Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are important diarrheal agents in children in developing countries. Little is known about their molecular epidemiology; as such, the objective of this study was to determine the risk factors and genetic diversity of both parasites in diarrheal samples in Mozambique. In this study, two nested PCRs targeting ssurRNA and gp60 genes were used for genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. and b-giardin for G. duodenalis. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were obtained through questionnaires. The location (odds ratio [OR] 3.499), mother’s education level (OR 2.150) and age were significant factors for acquiring infection by Cryptosporidium spp. (p < 0.05). Cryptosporidium hominis was the predominant (77.8%) species. Four families (three C. hominis and one C. parvum) were identified, with the highest for Ib (73.9%), followed by Id (13%), Ia (8.7%) and IIc (4.3%). The location (p-value < 0.001), drinking untreated water (p-value = 0.04) and living in masonry houses (p-value = 0.002) were identified as risks associated with G. duodenalis infection. Assemblage A was the dominant type (65.2%). Among the subassemblages of assemblage A, AII was the most frequent (86.6%), followed by AIII (6.6%). For assemblage B, subassemblages BIII (87.5%) and BIV (12.5%) were identified. The dominance of the subtype IbA9G3 of C. hominis, as well as the AII subassemblage of G. duodenalis, seems to indicate that the transmission of both protozoa occurs mainly through the anthroponotic route.
Ellagic Acid from Geranium thunbergii and Antimalarial Activity of Korean Medicinal Plants
Authors: Jun Hojong , Han Joon-Hee , Hong Min , Fitriana Fadhila , Syahada Jadidan Hada , Lee Wang-Jong , Mazigo Ernest , Louis Johnsy Mary , Nguyen Van-Truong , Cha Seok Ho , Chun Wanjoo , Park Won Sun , Lee Se Jin , Na Sunghun , Lee Soo-Ung , Han Eun-Taek , Kwon Tae-Hyung , Han Jin-Hee
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the antimalarial potential of extracts and compounds from various plants used in traditional Korean medicine, in response to the increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to standard treatments such as chloroquine and artemisinin. The antimalarial activity screening was conducted on 151 extracts, identifying the top seven candidates, including Geranium thunbergii (50% ethanol and 100% methanol extract), Reynoutria japonica, Amomum villosum (hot water and 50% ethanol extract), Cinnamomum zeylanicum, and Platycodon grandiflorum. Among these, G. thunbergii was identified as the top priority for further analysis due to its high antimalarial activity and high yield of bioactive compounds. The plant extracts were fractionated using ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hot water, and their efficacy against P. falciparum was evaluated through IC50 determination and microscopic analysis. The compounds evaluated included ellagic acid, gallic acid, afzelin, quercetin, and protocatechuic acid. Among the tested compounds, ellagic acid showed the most potent antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 1.60 ± 0.09 µM, followed by gallic acid (39.43 ± 1.48 µM) and afzelin (52.77 ± 1.84 µM). In contrast, quercetin (116.8 ± 3.78 µM) and protocatechuic acid (1.23 ± 0.02 mM) exhibited minimal antimalarial effects. Giemsa staining was employed to visualize parasite morphology and confirmed that ellagic acid is effective in inhibiting growth at the late trophozoite stage. These findings suggest that ellagic acid could serve as a promising lead compound for developing a novel antimalarial agent. This study highlights the importance of exploring plant-based compounds as alternative strategies against drug-resistant malaria. Further investigation into the mechanisms underlying the antimalarial activity of these compounds is necessary to fully validate their therapeutic potential.
Bioactive Fused Pyrazoles Inspired by the Adaptability of 5-Aminopyrazole Derivatives: Recent Review
Authors: Odeh Dana M. , Odeh Mohanad M. , Hafez Taghrid S. , Hassan Ashraf S.
Published: January 2025

Heterocyclic compounds, especially those containing the pyrazole moiety, are highly significant in organic chemistry and possess remarkable and diverse biological properties. The 5-aminopyrazole derivatives are key starting materials for the synthesis of numerous bioactive compounds such as pyrazolopyridine, pyrazolopyrimidine, pyrazoloquinazoline, and pyrazolotriazine derivatives. Many compounds inspired by the 5-aminopyrazole derivatives possess a wide spectrum of biological activities and medicinal applications such as antioxidants, anticancer agents, enzyme inhibitors, antimicrobials, and anti-tuberculosis activities. This review summarizes the recently reported synthesis methods and biological activities of fused pyrazole and pyrazole-based derivatives based on 5-aminopyrazole compounds within the last 5 years (2020 to present). One of the important goals of this review is to illustrate future strategies for the design, development, and utilization of pyrazole products as potent drugs.
Synthesis of an Azido-Substituted 8-Membered Ring Laddersiloxane and Its Application in Catalysis
Authors: Liu Yujia , Yagafarov Niyaz , Shimamura Koki , Takeda Nobuhiro , Unno Masafumi , Ouali Armelle
Published: January 2025

A first syn-type tricyclic 8-8-8 (three fused-8-membered ring) laddersiloxane functionalized with four azido groups was successfully synthesized through efficient and highly selective hydrosilylation and nucleophilic substitution, achieving an excellent overall yield. The starting material, a tetravinyl-substituted 8-8-8 laddersiloxane, was prepared via a straightforward and scalable method. The obtained azido-functionalized ladder compound, fully characterized, constitutes a versatile building block for hybrid materials. Reacting this compound with 2-ethynylpyridine via click chemistry yielded a multidentate ligand containing four 2-triazole-pyridyl moieties. This N,N-bidentate ligand was subsequently employed in copper-catalyzed alcohol oxidative dehydrogenation reactions, demonstrating its potential in catalysis.
The Improvement Effects of Weizmannia coagulans BC99 on Liver Function and Gut Microbiota of Long-Term Alcohol Drinkers: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Cheng , Duan Mengyao , Qu Zhen , Wang Yi , Dong Yao , Wu Ying , Fang Shuguang , Gu Shaobin
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: With the improvement of living standards, alcoholic liver disease caused by long-term drinking has been a common multiple disease. Probiotic interventions may help mitigate liver damage caused by alcohol intake, but the mechanisms need more investigation. Methods: This study involved 70 long-term alcohol drinkers (18–65 years old, alcohol consumption ≥20 g/day, lasting for more than one year) who were randomly assigned to either the BC99 group or the placebo group. Two groups were given BC99 (3 g/day, 1 × 1010 CFU) or placebo (3 g/day) for 60 days, respectively. Before and after the intervention, blood routine indicators, liver function, renal function, inflammatory factors and intestinal flora were evaluated. Results: The results showed that intervention with Weizmannia coagulans BC99 reduced the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutamyl transpeptidase, serum total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid and ‘blood urea nitrogen/creatinine’. Weizmannia coagulans BC99 also reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. The results of intestinal flora analysis showed that Weizmannia coagulans BC99 regulated the imbalance of intestinal flora, increased the beneficial bacteria abundance (Prevotella, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia) and reduced the conditionally pathogenic bacteria abundance (Escherichia-Shigella and Klebsiella). Both LEfSe analysis and random forest analysis indicated that the increase in the abundance of Muribaculaceae induced by BC99 was a key factor in alleviating alcohol-induced liver damage. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that Weizmannia coagulans BC99 has the potential to alleviate alcoholic liver injury and provide an effective strategy for liver protection in long-term drinkers.
Advances in Drug Targeting, Drug Delivery, and Nanotechnology Applications: Therapeutic Significance in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Ciftci Fatih , Özarslan Ali Can , Kantarci İmran Cagri , Yelkenci Aslihan , Tavukcuoglu Ozlem , Ghorbanpour Mansour
Published: January 2025

In the 21st century, thanks to advances in biotechnology and developing pharmaceutical technology, significant progress is being made in effective drug design. Drug targeting aims to ensure that the drug acts only in the pathological area; it is defined as the ability to accumulate selectively and quantitatively in the target tissue or organ, regardless of the chemical structure of the active drug substance and the method of administration. With drug targeting, conventional, biotechnological and gene-derived drugs target the body’s organs, tissues, and cells that can be selectively transported to specific regions. These systems serve as drug carriers and regulate the timing of release. Despite having many advantageous features, these systems have limitations in thoroughly treating complex diseases such as cancer. Therefore, combining these systems with nanoparticle technologies is imperative to treat cancer at both local and systemic levels effectively. The nanocarrier-based drug delivery method involves encapsulating target-specific drug molecules into polymeric or vesicular systems. Various drug delivery systems (DDS) were investigated and discussed in this review article. The first part discussed active and passive delivery systems, hydrogels, thermoplastics, microdevices and transdermal-based drug delivery systems. The second part discussed drug carrier systems in nanobiotechnology (carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, coated, pegylated, solid lipid nanoparticles and smart polymeric nanogels). In the third part, drug targeting advantages were discussed, and finally, market research of commercial drugs used in cancer nanotechnological approaches was included.
Evolution of Alzheimer’s Disease Therapeutics: From Conventional Drugs to Medicinal Plants, Immunotherapy, Microbiotherapy and Nanotherapy
Authors: Ortiz-Islas Emma , Montes Pedro , Rodríguez-Pérez Citlali Ekaterina , Ruiz-Sánchez Elizabeth , Sánchez-Barbosa Talía , Pichardo-Rojas Diego , Zavala-Tecuapetla Cecilia , Carvajal-Aguilera Karla , Campos-Peña Victoria
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents an escalating global health crisis, constituting the leading cause of dementia among the elderly and profoundly impairing their quality of life. Current FDA-approved drugs, such as rivastigmine, donepezil, galantamine, and memantine, offer only modest symptomatic relief and are frequently associated with significant adverse effects. Faced with this challenge and in line with advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of this neurodegenerative condition, various innovative therapeutic strategies have been explored. Here, we review novel approaches inspired by advanced knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Among the therapeutic alternatives, immunotherapy stands out, employing monoclonal antibodies to specifically target and eliminate toxic proteins implicated in AD. Additionally, the use of medicinal plants is examined, as their synergistic effects among components may confer neuroprotective properties. The modulation of the gut microbiota is also addressed as a peripheral strategy that could influence neuroinflammatory and degenerative processes in the brain. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of emerging approaches, such as the use of microRNAs to regulate key cellular processes and nanotherapy, which enables precise drug delivery to the central nervous system, is analyzed. Despite promising advances in these strategies, the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease continues to rise. Therefore, it is proposed that achieving effective treatment in the future may require the integration of combined approaches, maximizing the synergistic effects of different therapeutic interventions.
Improving CO2 Removal Efficiency with Bio-Cellulose Acetate: A Multi-Stage Membrane Separation Approach
Authors: Khamwichit Attaso , Wongsuwan Kamontip , Dechapanya Wipawee
Published: January 2025

In this comprehensive investigation, the sustainable production and utilization of gas separation membranes derived from coconut water (CW) waste was investigated. The research focuses on the synthesis of bacterial cellulose (BC) and cellulose acetate (CA) membranes from CW, followed by a thorough analysis of their characteristics, including morphology, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, tensile strength, and chemical composition. The study rigorously evaluates membrane performance, with particular emphasis on CO2/CH4 selectivity under various operational conditions, including pressure, membrane thickness, and number of stages. The application of these membranes in gas separation units was optimized for CO2/CH4 separation performance and eco-efficiency through a multi-stage membrane approach. The findings indicate that in double-stage configurations, CA membranes with a thickness of 0.04 mm, operating at 0.28 MPa, achieve a CO2/CH4 selectivity of 35.52, significantly surpassing single-stage performance (selectivity: 19.72). Furthermore, eco-efficiency analysis reveals optimal performance at 0.04 mm thickness and 0.175 MPa, reaching 3.08 CO2/CH4 selectivity/THB. These results conclusively demonstrate the viability of converting agricultural waste into high-performance gas separation membranes, representing a significant advancement in sustainable membrane technology. This research contributes valuable insights to the field and paves the way for further innovations in eco-friendly membrane production and application.
Preparation and Performance Research of Pb(II)-Imprinted Acrylonitrile-Co-Acrylic Acid Composite Material with Modified Sand Particles as Carrier
Authors: Sui Yixin , Gao Shuaibing , Qi Jiaxiang , Abliz Shawket , Chai Linlin
Published: January 2025

Lead (Pb) is classified as a prevalent metallic pollutant, significantly impacting the ecological environment, especially human health. Consequently, it is crucial to develop adsorbent materials that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and which possess high selectivity. This study aims to fabricate a Pb(II)-imprinted acrylonitrile-co-acrylic acid composite material by using modified sand particles as the carrier, and then to investigate its properties. Through pretreatment of sand particles, acrylonitrile and acrylic acid were polymerized on the surface of modified sand particles, and Pb(II) served as a template ion for imprinting. A variety of characterization methods were used to verify the composite material and conduct an analysis of its morphology, chemical composition, and pore characteristics. The adsorption efficiency of this composite material for Pb(II) is comprehensively explored, with the process involving adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, selective adsorption, and reuse experiments. Through static adsorption experiments, multiple elements influencing the adsorption ability of the composite material towards Pb(II) are investigated. It was demonstrated by the results that the composite material prepared possesses a rich pore structure and excellent Pb(II) recognition ability. The investigation on adsorption kinetics is in line with the quasi-first-order and quasi-second-order kinetic models, while the adsorption isotherm, obeys the Langmuir model. The ideal adsorption conditions were pH = 7, with the adsorption reaching equilibrium within 105 min. Even when multiple interfering ions were present, it still had high selectivity for Pb(II). The composite material showed an adsorption saturation capability reaching 41.83 mg·g−1, considerably surpassing the non-imprinted counterpart. After being reused eight times, the composite material can still maintain an adsorption efficiency for Pb(II) that is above 79% and demonstrates high potential in the practical application environment.
A Novel Mobile Phase for Green Chromatographic Determination of Haloperidol: Application to Commercial Pharmaceutical Products and Forced Degradation Studies
Authors: Djilali Khadidja , Maachi Rachida , Danish Mohammed , Lekmine Sabrina , Hadjadj Mohamed , Ait Mesbah Zohra , Benslama Ouided , Tahraoui Hichem , Ola Mohammad Shamsul , Ali Ahmad , Zhang Jie , Amrane Abdeltif
Published: January 2025

The target molecule of this study is haloperidol, a neuroleptic from the butyrophenone family. It is one of the most widely used psychotropic drugs globally and is considered as effective as other low-potency psychotropic medications. The RP-HPLC method employed in this study utilizes a novel mobile phase composed of a 90:10 mixture of methanol and phosphate buffer (pH = 9.8) for isocratic elution. This method has been validated with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.999 across a concentration range of 2.5 to 50 µg/mL. It exhibits excellent sensitivity, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 2% for both precision and accuracy. The method is highly effective for the analysis of haloperidol in oral commercial formulations. The mobile phase is cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and simple to use, making it suitable for analyzing haloperidol in both liquid and powder forms. Additionally, the method is applied to monitor haloperidol degradation under various stress conditions. For powder samples, the maximum degradation observed was 6.20% after 48 h of sunlight exposure. For liquid haloperidol samples, stability was retained only under oxidative stress conditions, with the highest degradation (57.36%) occurring after 48 h of sunlight exposure and the lowest degradation (10.03%) observed under thermal stress at 60 °C over seven days.
The Optimization of the Rear Guide Vane of a Bulb Tubular Pump Based on Orthogonal Tests
Authors: Wang Kuilin , Meng Xiaomin , Wang Tao , Jiang Rongrong , Yao Wang , Zhang Mengru , Wang Wentong , Wang Wenjie
Published: January 2025

Bulb tubular pumps have been widely used in hydraulic engineering because of their compact structure, easy maintenance, high adaptability, and other characteristics. In this paper, the performance optimization of the bulb tubular pump in the South-to-North water diversion project is studied, as well as the influence of the design of the rear guide vane structure on the hydraulic efficiency of the pump. This study takes a certain type of bulb tubular pump as its research object, optimizing the rear guide vane. Firstly, the accuracy of the numerical simulation method is verified using grid convergence analysis and model experimentation. The orthogonal experimental design method is used to optimize the design, and the range analysis results show that the blade wrap angle has the most significant influence on the hydraulic efficiency and head. Finally, the optimization results under a 0° impeller setting angle were verified by numerical analysis, and the hydraulic efficiency of the optimized pump was increased by 0.7%, 0.88%, and 1.1% under low flow, design flow, and high flow, respectively. By introducing entropy generation theory for inflow analysis, the reduction in energy loss in the pump is proven, thus verifying the effectiveness of the optimization. Through the optimization, the separation fluid phenomenon on the guide vane surface is improved, the vortex scale is reduced, and the flow field in the pump is improved to a certain extent.
Improving the Accuracy of Bone-Scintigraphy Imaging Analysis Using the Skeletal Count Index: A Study Based on Human Trial Data
Authors: Miki Ryosuke , Tsuchitani Tatsuya , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kitajima Kazuhiro , Takahashi Yasuyuki
Published: January 2025

The image quality index for whole-body bone scintigraphy has traditionally relied on the total count (Total-C) with a threshold of ≥1.5 million counts (MC). However, Total-C measurements are susceptible to variability owing to urine retention. This study aimed to develop a skeletal count (Skel-C)-based index, focusing exclusively on bone regions, to improve the accuracy of image analysis in bone scintigraphy. To determine the optimal Skel-C-based threshold, Skel-C thresholds were set at 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2 MC, and Total-C thresholds were set at 1.75, 2.0, and 2.25 MC. Patients were then categorized based on whether their values were above or below these thresholds. The group including all cases was defined as the Total-C 1.5 high group. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each group, and receiver operating characteristic analyses and statistical evaluations were conducted. The specificity of the bone scintigraphy image analysis program in the Skel-C < 0.9 MC group was significantly lower than that in the Skel-C ≥ 0.9 MC and Total-C 1.5 high groups. The decrease in specificity was evident only with Skel-C and was not identified based on Total-C levels. These findings highlight the importance of achieving Skel-C ≥ 0.9 MC and suggest that Total-C alone is insufficient for reliable image assessment.