bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maybe He Is Relatable Too: Encouraging Women to Identify With Male Scientists by Highlighting Bias Against Fathers
Authors: Pietri Evava S. , Drawbaugh Montana L. , Johnson India R. , Colvin Victoria E.
Published: November 2020

Successful exemplars can act as guides to help women navigate environments where they have traditionally been underrepresented. For an exemplar to be a guide, it is important for women to feel similar to the exemplar. When women identify with an exemplar, that person also can become a role model to promote belonging. Because men are overrepresented in many STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields, we aimed to understand when and why women might identify with a male scientist. Across five experiments, relative to control information, information about constraining masculine stereotypes for men in caretaking roles increased female participants’ beliefs that a father and computer scientist had faced bias. Believing this father scientist had encountered mistreatment in turn encouraged feelings of empathy and identification with the scientist. Moreover, teaching women about masculine stereotypes enhanced interest in working with the scientist (Experiments 1b, 3a, and 3b) and attraction to his science and technology focused school (Experiment 3b). Although we did not find that our manipulation directly influenced belonging in STEM, identifying with the father scientist correlated with higher feelings of belonging. Thus, highlighting identity-based struggles (i.e., fatherhood difficulties) may be one strategy to help make male scientists more relatable and approachable. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684320972118
Urinary incontinence experiences of pregnant women: A qualitative study
Authors: Erkal Aksoy Yasemin , Akın Bihter , Dereli Yılmaz Sema
Published: November 2020

Objective:

The research was carried out to determine the life experiences of pregnant women who have urinary incontinence problems.

Methods:

The type of the research is of qualitative type. Views of pregnant women were coded according to repeating frequencies; then thematic grouping was done. Both common views and individual repetitions of the pregnant women were coded. During the study, 52 pregnant women stated that they had urinary incontinence problems. However, five pregnant women did not want to participate in the study and six pregnant women wanted to leave during the interview. Interviews ended with 41 pregnant women.

Results:

In the study, the mean age of the pregnant women was determined as 29.75 ± 4.83, and the mean gestational week was 27.85 ± 5.60. The views of pregnant women are divided into five main themes and 16 sub-themes. The main themes for the urinary incontinence life experiences of pregnant women were determined as “strategies to take precautions, psychological effects, pregnancy and baby-specific effects, physical effects and changes in their relationship with the spouse.”

Conclusion:

As a result, it was determined that urinary incontinence problem negatively affected the life experience of pregnant women.
A rare case of spontaneous parenchymal kidney explosion in a patient with ureteral obstruction caused by a single stone
Authors: Chiancone Francesco , Meccariello Clemente , Ferraiuolo Maria , De Marco Giovanna Paola , Fedelini Maurizio , Langella Nunzio Alberto , Fedelini Paolo
Published: November 2020

Introduction:

Spontaneous rupture of kidney may involve collecting system or parenchyma. Parenchymal rupture usually occurs in patients with renal cell carcinoma, angiomyolipoma, renal cysts, arteriovenous malformation or vascular diseases such as periarteritis nodosa. Collecting system rupture is usually a rare complication of obstructive urolithiasis. We describe the unusual cases of spontaneous kidney rupture in patients with acute urinary obstruction.

Case presentation:

The case report describes the left parenchymal kidney explosion related to ipsilateral ureteral obstruction caused by a single ureteral stone. The patient reached our emergency department with acute left flank pain and massive haematuria. At the moment of admission, the patient was in stage III hypovolemic shock and had a lower haematocrit (haemoglobin = 4.9 g/dL). Despite blood transfusions, emergency surgical exploration, extrafascial nephrectomy and intensive support care, the patient died twelve hours after surgery.

Conclusions:

Parenchymal renal rupture can be a life-threatening emergency. Despite its rarity, in the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen, parenchymal renal rupture should always be considered in patients with abdominal pain and an anamnesis or history of urinary stones, pointing out the need of early diagnosis also in benign urological conditions.
Prevalence of Mental Ill-Health in a Cohort of First Responders Attending the Fort McMurray Fire
Authors: Cherry Nicola , Galarneau Jean-Michel , Melnyk Andrea , Patten Scott
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

The study was designed to estimate the prevalence of mental disorders in a cohort of firefighters who had been deployed to a devastating fire in Fort McMurray, Alberta, in 2016.

Methods:

A cohort of firefighters was established and followed up by online questionnaires. The contact in October 2018 to March 2019 included the PCL-5 questionnaire screening for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) screening for anxiety and depression. A sample was selected comprising all scoring ≥31 on the PCL-5 or ≥12 on either scale of the HADS, 30% of those scoring 8 to 11 on the HADS, and 10% of those with lower scores on all scales. This sample was assessed through a structured clinical interview to categorize disorders as defined in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition ( DSM-5). Interviews were carried out face-to-face or by telephone between August 2019 and February 2020. Diagnoses in the interview sample were reweighted to obtain prevalence estimates for the whole cohort. In an analysis of receiver operating characteristics (ROC), possible cut points for scores from each screening questionnaire were examined.

Results:

In 2018 to 2019, 1,000 of the cohort of 1,234 firefighters completed the HADS and 998 completed the PCL-5. Of these, 282 were identified for structured clinical interviews for DSM-5 (SCID) assessment. Interviews were carried out with 192. Among those assessed, 40.6% met the criteria for PTSD, 30.7% for an anxiety disorder, and 28.5% for a depressive disorder. When reweighted to allow for sampling and losses to assessment, cohort prevalence estimates were as follows: PTSD 21.4% (15.7% to 29.1%), anxiety disorders 15.8% (11.0% to 22.5%), and depressive disorders 14.3% (9.9% to 20.8%). Lower prevalence estimates were obtained when using the cut point with least misclassification in the ROC analysis.

Conclusion:

Using the gold-standard SCID assessment, high rates of mental disorders were found in this cohort of firefighters who had experienced a devastating fire. Fewer cases would have been identified by screening questionnaire alone.
Redemptive Transformational Learning for Ministry and Theological Education, Part 1
Authors: Nelson Rev. Seth J.
Published: November 2020

This article continues the conversation between theological education and Transformative Learning (TL) theory by proposing a Redemptive Transformational Learning paradigm. The author explores a biblical-theology of transformation across Creation, Fall, Redemption, and New Creation, reviews the development of TL from Jack Mezirow to its contemporary formulation, and offers an appreciative critique of TL. This critique orients the path forward, toward a redemptive approach to the practice of TL in theological education and church-based educational ministries.
A Feminist Political Economy Critique of ‘the Militant Minority’
Authors: King Adam DK
Published: November 2020

Recent growth in strike activity in the United States and Canada has motivated a broad scholarship on union organizing and labour movement revitalization. However, researchers and activists particularly concerned with the role of member mobilization in union renewal have downplayed institutional changes to labour law and regulation which might address the decline of union density and worker power. This commentary offers a feminist political economy critique of recent works on ‘the rank and file strategy’ and ‘the militant minority’ by arguing that greater focus should be devoted to how North American labour law and decentralized bargaining continue to impede union renewal. The article briefly traces the gendered legacy of ‘Wagnerism’ and the latter’s growing incompatibility with contemporary workplaces and forms of employment. It then makes the case for thinking through how organizing could also push for labour law reform, particularly towards broader-based, sectoral forms of collective bargaining and labour market regulation.
Conversion disorder and/or functional neurological disorder: How neurological explanations affect ideas of self, agency, and accountability
Authors: Brenninkmeijer Jonna
Published: November 2020

An estimated 15% of patients seen by neurologists have neurological symptoms, such as paralysis, tremors, dystonia, or seizures, that cannot be medically explained. For a long time, such patients were diagnosed as having conversion disorder (CD) and referred to psychiatrists, but for the last two decades or so, neurologists have started to pay more serious attention to this patient group. Instead of maintaining the commonly used label of conversion disorder – which refers to Freud’s idea that traumatic events can be converted into deviant behaviour – these neurologists use the term functional neurological disorder (FND) and explain that the problems are due to abnormal central nervous system functioning. The situation that some patients with medically unexplained neurological symptoms are diagnosed with CD and treated by psychiatrists while others are diagnosed with FND and stay under the control of neurologists provides a unique case for analysing how neurological and psychological explanations affect subjectivity. In this article, I compare patient reports from English-language websites from the past 15 years to find out how minds, bodies, brains, and selves act and interact in the accounts of both patient groups. I conclude that the change in label from CD to FND has not only influenced ideas of medically unexplained disorders, but also affected ideas of the self and the body; of self-control and accountability.
‘The intelligent and the rest’: British Mensa and the contested status of high intelligence
Authors: Schregel Susanne
Published: November 2020

This article explores the history of British Mensa to examine the contested status of high intelligence in Great Britain between the late 1940s and the late 1980s. Based on journals and leaflets from the association and newspaper articles about it, the article shows how protagonists from the high IQ society campaigned for intelligence and its testing among the British public. Yet scathing reactions to the group in newspapers suggest that journalists considered it socially provocative to stress one’s own brainpower as extraordinarily high. To better understand such disagreements, the article analyses communicative patterns that were used to make judgements about intelligence. This case study sheds light on how aspects of difference and the ascription of social positions are negotiated in public understandings of intelligence.
Hat sizes and craniometry: Professional know-how and scientific knowledge
Authors: Cryle Peter
Published: November 2020

This article examines the relation between commercial activity and knowledge-making, looking at hatmakers in order to open up a more general question about the overlap between the knowledge practices of 19th-century science and those of everyday commercial culture of the time. Phrenology also claims attention here, since it can be said to have occupied an intermediate position between science and commerce. From time to time during the first half of the century, phrenologists attended to hatmakers in the hope of gleaning knowledge from their commercial experience, but after about 1860, scientific craniometers took a very different view. Physical anthropologists like Paul Broca believed that the skull was the key source of data on which to build a scientific anthropology of race or ethnicity. Observers drew the attention of Broca and his colleagues to the existence of a commercial device called the conformateur des chapeliers, used by hatters to determine head shape. But Broca was far less inclined to welcome hatmakers into the domain of craniology than the phrenologists had been. Whereas phrenologists had found validation in common sense, any widely available understanding of racial types was considered by Broca to be a distraction from the work of science and a potential distortion of its data. Far from the welcoming curiosity shown by London-based phrenologists, the anthropological enterprise led by Broca defined itself as scientific in part by the strictness with which it considered and dismissed such approximate and informal ways of knowing.
Effect of rotation direction, traverse speed, and abrasive type during the hydroabrasive disintegration of a rotating Ti6Al4V workpiece
Authors: Hlavacek Petr , Hloch Sergej , Nag Akash , Petru Jana , Muller Miroslav , Hromasová Monika , Srníček Petr
Published: November 2020

In this study, a new methodology is considered for determining the rotational senses (clockwise or anti-clockwise) of a workpiece during the hydroabrasive disintegration of rotating samples. The rotational directions are taken with respect to the position of the abrasive jet, that is, keeping it on the right side of the rotating workpiece when viewed from the free end in the cartesian coordinate system. Measurements were carried out for diameter deviation, material removal rate and surface roughness as a response to machining parameters such as traverse speed, workpiece rotation direction and abrasive grain. Final diameter of the workpiece (10.28–14.12 mm), material removal rate (1154–3936 mm3/min) and surface roughness (6.65–25.43 µm) values increase with increasing value of traverse speed (5–25 mm/min) using anti-clockwise rotation with Australian garnet abrasive grains. ANOVA analysis of the responses shows that traverse speed ( p = 0.000) is a statistically significant parameter for predicting all the machining responses. Abrasive type and rotational direction were statistically significant for determining diameter deviation ( p = 0.017, 0.006) and material removal rate ( p = 0.000, 0.000) but insignificant for surface roughness ( p = 0.373, 0.367). Scanning electron microscopy provided information on the surface morphology, depicting the characteristics of the disintegrated surface. Disintegrated features, like peak and valley formations, craters, holes, cutting traces and embedded abrasive particles on the surface were observed.
Analysis on the track quality evolution law of polyurethane-reinforced ballasted track in high-speed railway
Authors: Xiao Jie-Ling , Jing Pu , Yu Si-Xin , Wang Ping
Published: November 2020

Polyurethane-reinforced ballasted track (PRBT) can improve the integrity of ballasted track structures and satisfy the high-stability requirements of high-speed railways. In this study, the quality evolution law of PRBT structures after being launched into train service was analyzed, and a reference for structural optimization and maintenance operation was provided. The track geometric state of the PRBT test section of a high-speed railway was measured and monitored for nearly one year after it was launched into operation, and the ballastless track of the adjacent section was selected as a reference. The geometric states of the tracks were evaluated and compared using various parameters, including sliding standard deviation, average standard deviation, and track irregularity spectrum density. Results show that the track quality indexes of the test section, which were in operation for nearly one year, were slightly over the limit. Moreover, the fastener can be finely adjusted for the high-value index sections to further improve the ride comfort. The application effect of PRBT in the subgrade fracture zone was good, which could satisfy the requirements of high-quality transportation as well as the normal operation and maintenance of high-speed railway.
A numerical study on the single pulsed energy addition based unsteady wave drag reduction at varied hypersonic flow regimes
Authors: Rajasekhar Rao Dathi SNV , John Bibin
Published: November 2020

In this study, unsteady wave drag reduction in hypersonic flowfield using pulsed energy addition is numerically investigated. A single energy pulse is considered to analyze the time-averaged drag reduction/pulse. The blast wave creation, translation and its interaction with shock layer are studied. As the wave drag depends only on the inviscid aspects of the flowfield, Euler part of a well-established compressible flow Navier-Stokes solver USHAS (Unstructured Solver for Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics) is employed for the present study. To explore the feasibility of pulsed energy addition in reducing the wave drag at different flight conditions, flight Mach numbers of 5.75, 6.9 and 8.0 are chosen for the study. An [Formula: see text] apex angle blunt cone model is considered to be placed in such hypersonic streams, and steady-state drag and unsteady drag reductions are computed. The simulation results indicate that drag of the blunt-body can be reduced below the steady-state drag for a significant period of energy bubble-shock layer interaction, and the corresponding propulsive energy savings can be up to 9%. For energy pulse of magnitude 100mJ deposited to a spherical region of 2 mm radius, located 50 mm upstream of the blunt-body offered a maximum percentage of wave drag reduction in the case of Mach 8.0 flowfield. Two different flow features are found to be responsible for the drag reduction, one is the low-density core of the blast wave and the second one is the baroclinic vortex created due to the plasma energy bubble-shock layer interaction. For the same freestream stagnation conditions, these two flow features are noted to be very predominant in the case of high Mach number flow in comparison to Mach 5.75 and 6.9 cases. However, the ratio of energy saved to the energy consumed is noted as a maximum for the lower Mach number case.
French mainstream online press covering a Hollywood pacifist war drama: The case of Tu ne tueras point
Authors: Tudor Mihaela-Alexandra
Published: November 2020

This article outlines and discusses two aspects of the French mediatization of Tu ne tueras point ( Hacksaw Ridge) film: the relationship between media, normative secularism and religion in the context of the hegemony of mediatization as ‘media and communication-centered’ phenomenon. Based on the content analysis and discursive strategies of the biographical war drama chronicles, the contribution points out less developed empirical aspects in France regarding the relation between religion and media: (a) the media discourse is dependent on a normative narrative of secularism, (b) the media discourse represents and expresses a confusion between the sacred, religion and faith, deliberately created and maintained by the journalists, and (c) the media discourse is based on a conception of violence with modern origins.
Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of zingiberene on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental animals
Authors: Li Jianwei , Thangaiyan Radhiga , Govindasamy Kanimozhi , Wei Jianxia
Published: November 2020

This study aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effect of zingiberene (ZBN) on isoproterenol-(ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats. ZBN (10 mg/kg b.wt.) was orally administered to rats for 21 days and ISO (85 mg/kg b.wt.) was subcutaneously injected into the rats at 24 h intervals for the last 2 consecutive days. We observed increased serum creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB, cardiac troponin T, and I levels in ISO-treated MI rats. Conversely, ZBN oral administration significantly prevented in cardiac marker enzyme activities in ISO-mediated rats. We also noticed that ZBN oral administration prevented ISO-induced expression of lipid peroxidative markers, total cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to the normal basal level. Furthermore, ZBN restored ISO-mediated antioxidant status, increased level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and tissue phospholipids to the near-normal levels. Besides, ZBN pre-treatment significantly reduced the level of inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, and IL-1β) in ISO-induced MI in rats. We noticed that ZBN pretreatment inhibited the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and cytochrome c and increased the Bcl-2 expression in ISO induced rats. The gene expression profiling by qRT-PCR array illustrates that ZBN treatment prevents the ISO mediated activation of cardiac markers, inflammatory, and fibrosis-related genes in the heart tissue. Taken together, pre-treatment with ZBN attenuated ISO-induced MI resolved exhibits the anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effect.
Subacute melamine exposure disrupts task-based hippocampal information flow via inhibiting the subunits 2 and 3 of AMPA glutamate receptors expression
Authors: Sun Wei , Li Xiaoliang , Tang Dongxin , Wu Yuanhua , An Lei
Published: November 2020

Although melamine exposure induces cognitive deficits and dysfunctional neurotransmission in hippocampal Cornus Ammonis (CA) 1 region of rats, it is unclear whether the neural function, such as neural oscillations between hippocampal CA3–CA1 pathway and postsynaptic receptors involves in these effects. The levels of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) subunit glutamate receptor (GluR) 1 and GluR2/3 in CA1 region of melamine-treated rats, which were intragastric treated with 300 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, were detected. Following systemic or intra-hippocampal CA1 injection with GluR2/3 agonist, spatial learning of melamine-treated rats was assessed in Morris water maze (MWM) task. Local field potentials were recorded in CA3–CA1 pathway before and during behavioral test. General Partial Directed Coherence approach was applied to determine directionality of neural information flow between CA3 and CA1 regions. Results showed that melamine exposure reduced GluR2/3 but not GluR1 level and systemic or intra-hippocampal CA1 injection with GluR2/3 agonist effectively mitigated the learning deficits. Phase synchronization between CA3 and CA1 regions were significantly diminished in delta, theta and alpha oscillations. Coupling directional index and strength of CA3 driving CA1 were marked reduced as well. Intra-hippocampal CA1 infusion with GluR2/3 agonist significantly enhanced the phase locked value and reversed the melamine-induced reduction in the neural information flow (NIF) from CA3 to CA1 region. These findings support that melamine exposure decrease the expression of GluR2/3 subunit involved in weakening directionality index of NIF, and thereby induced spatial learning deficits.
Bayesian adaptive decision-theoretic designs for multi-arm multi-stage clinical trials
Authors: Bassi Andrea , Berkhof Johannes , de Jong Daphne , van de Ven Peter M
Published: November 2020

Multi-arm multi-stage clinical trials in which more than two drugs are simultaneously investigated provide gains over separate single- or two-arm trials. In this paper we propose a generic Bayesian adaptive decision-theoretic design for multi-arm multi-stage clinical trials with K ([Formula: see text]) arms. The basic idea is that after each stage a decision about continuation of the trial and accrual of patients for an additional stage is made on the basis of the expected reduction in loss. For this purpose, we define a loss function that incorporates the patient accrual costs as well as costs associated with an incorrect decision at the end of the trial. An attractive feature of our loss function is that its estimation is computationally undemanding, also when K >  2. We evaluate the frequentist operating characteristics for settings with a binary outcome and multiple experimental arms. We consider both the situation with and without a control arm. In a simulation study, we show that our design increases the probability of making a correct decision at the end of the trial as compared to nonadaptive designs and adaptive two-stage designs.
Humour, neutrality, and preparedness: American satirical magazines and the First World War, 1914–1917
Authors: Trott Vincent
Published: November 2020

This article discusses how American satirical magazines responded to the First World War while the United States remained a neutral power. By focusing on these previously overlooked sources, it demonstrates that satirical humour performed two significant functions. First, it acted as a tool of persuasion through which magazines agitated for or against American intervention in the conflict. Second, it became a major means with which periodicals sought to ostracize German-Americans, fuelling nativist sentiment. Ultimately, satirical magazines suggest that while responses to the war were initially diverse, most Americans had come to support military intervention by April 1917.
The Bear in the Room: Gallipoli, Russia, and the First World War
Authors: Trudinger David
Published: November 2020

Russia was much more entwined in the narrative of Gallipoli than the Australian (and the international) historiography of that epic encounter suggests. The principal knot that tied Gallipoli and Russia together was the Constantinople Agreement of April 1915. Russia utilized British fears that she would abandon the Eastern front to impose on its Allies the secret Constantinople Agreement, which promised possession of the Straits and Constantinople to Russia after a successful war. Gallipoli was, in effect, both the main catalyst and guarantor of the Agreement, which then played a role in keeping Russia in the war, crucially denying Germany a one-front war.
The cult of geography: Chinese riverine defence during the Battle of Wuhan, 1937-1938
Authors: Wu Di
Published: November 2020

When Wuhan became the centre of Chinese resistance, the Kuomintang formulated a defensive strategy for the geography of the Central Yangtze. Without a coherent riverine defence doctrine, they were over-confident about the benefits of the terrain, causing a series of catastrophic blunders including the neglect of the intricate connections between ground and waterborne forces, the deployment of subpar troops for the defence of key fortifications, and the mistaken utilization of ‘drowned earth’ tactics. This article challenges existing narratives of the Second Sino-Japanese War and fills a gap in the current understanding of the defensive aspect of riverine warfare.
Noninvasive sampling method for urinalysis and urine protein profile in captive giraffes
Authors: Fasoli Sabrina , Ferlizza Enea , Andreani Giulia , Sandri Camillo , Dondi Francesco , Isani Gloria
Published: November 2020

Urinalysis could be helpful to investigate the health status of giraffes held in captivity using noninvasive methods to avoid animal handling or anesthesia. We collected 52 voided urine samples from 20 giraffes of different ages, sexes, and subspecies from the ground. To evaluate potential interference by soil contaminants, a pilot study was performed using 20 urine samples obtained from 10 cows. All bovine and 29 giraffe samples were subjected to routine urinalysis including urine specific gravity (USG). All samples were analyzed for urine total protein (uTP), urine creatinine (uCrea) concentration, and urine protein-to-urine creatinine ratio (UPC). Urinary proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. No significant differences were determined between free-catch and urine sampled from the ground in cows. Giraffe urine was pale-yellow, with alkaline pH (>8.0) and a mean USG of 1.035 ± 0.013. The uTP, uCrea, and UPC expressed as median (range) were 0.20 (0.08–0.47) g/L, 2.36 (0.62–5.2) g/L, and 0.08 (0.05–0.15), respectively. SDS-PAGE allowed the separation of protein bands with different molecular masses, including putative uromodulin at 90 kD, putative albumin at 64 kD, and putative immunoglobulin heavy and light chains at 49 kD and 25 kD, respectively. Urine collection from the ground appears to be a reliable technique for urinalysis and urine electrophoresis in giraffes.
New insights into the mechanical pre-stressing of piezotransducers
Authors: Arnold Francisco J , Martins Paulo S
Published: November 2020

Although pre-stressing is a requirement for the operation of a high-power piezo transducers, its impact on the model, the performance and the design of such devices is still not yet fully covered in the literature. This work attempts to bridge this gap by analyzing how the components of the Butterworth-Van Dyke model, the resonances, electrical impedances, electromechanical coupling factor, mechanical losses, and the tuning inductance are determined as a function of mechanical pre-stress. We have employed the Butterworth Van-Dyke model to study piezoelectric transducers tightened with a range of pre-stressing levels (12.2–60.1 MPa). As expected, the experimental results indicate that the components of the Butterworth-Van Dyke model are dependent upon the mechanical pre-stressing. The conclusions point out that, under mechanical pre-stressing levels between a threshold value and 60.1 MPa, the transducers used in this work tend to stabilize and enhance their performances. Also, upon stabilization, the transducers can be tuned with a constant inductance, which may also aid the design of ultrasonic systems. Overall, this work contributes to the definition of pre-stressing levels and its relationship with the length of the transducer, the mechanical losses, and the tuning.
Mechanism for using piezoelectric sensor to monitor strength gain process of cementitious materials with the temperature effect
Authors: Han Guangshuai , Su Yen-Fang , Nantung Tommy , Lu Na
Published: November 2020

Recently, the piezoelectric based sensor coupled with electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique is gaining attention on monitoring the mechanical properties changes in cementitious materials. However, the EMI signals obtained from the sensing system are not only influenced by the development of inherent mechanical properties in the host structure but also affected by the variation of temperature. When implementing a piezoelectric based sensor, both the ambient temperature change and the heat release from newly casted concrete would influence the sensing accuracy. In order to eliminate the biases from temperature effect, the mechanisms of EMI technique for strength sensing were investigated. The experiment work was separated in two parts. The piezoelectric sensors were first used to monitor the strength gaining of the newly casted cementitious samples curing under constant temperature. A strength estimation system was developed based on the experiment results. Later, the temperature variation was induced to affect the sensing performance. A temperature compensation technique was proposed to eliminate the temperature effect. It has concluded that the proposed compensation method can improve the strength sensing accuracy. The new understanding should help to promote the practical applicable EMI sensing technique.
The Experience of Animal Assisted Therapy on Patients in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: Coakley Amanda Bulette , Annese Christine Donahue , Empoliti Joanne Hughes , Flanagan Jane M.
Published: November 2020

Animal assisted therapy (AAT) programs are popular and there has been a proliferation of programs across settings. However, the research to support this intervention has not kept pace. This is particularly so for people who are hospitalized. This investigation aimed to explore the effects of the AAT dog visitation program on patients. A single group pre-post quasi-experimental design evaluated the effect of pet therapy on patients. Measures included salivary cortisol, anxiety, wellbeing, comfort, respiratory and heart rate. Analysis indicates a significant reduction in heart and respiratory rates p < .01 and level of anxiety p < .000 with improved levels of comfort and well-being p < .000. The salivary cortisol result was non-significant p = .623. This ATT dog program resulted in reduced anxiety levels and decreased heart and respiratory rates while improving subjective measures of comfort and wellbeing.
Using the Fat-Clearing Technique to Improve Lymph Node Retrieval in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yeh Chih-Ching , Pan Chan-Feng , Liu Hung-Wei , Lin Jung-Chia , Fang Lu-Han , Lee Herng-Sheng , Lee Huai-Pao
Published: November 2020

College of American Pathologists recommended that at least 12 lymph nodes should be harvested for adequate staging of colorectal carcinoma. Lymph node harvesting is routinely performed by a manual technique of inspection and palpation, which is laborious and time-consuming. The study assessed the influence of the improved fat-clearing technique on the number of lymph nodes retrieved from colorectal cancer specimens and the clinical efficacy. Seventy colorectal cancer resection specimens were examined and assessed by 4 pathology residents. Thirty-five specimens were handled with the conventional manual technique by inspection and palpation, and the other 35 specimens with the improved fat-clearing technique to retrieve lymph nodes. As a result, compared with the conventional manual technique, the numbers of lymph nodes retrieved with the improved fat-clearing technique were significantly increased from 14.7 ± 6.2 lymph nodes to 20.8 ± 9.0 lymph nodes per specimen ( P < .05). Besides, the percentage of cases with at least 12 lymph nodes retrieved increased from 80% to 91%. The result of this study pointed out that using the improved fat-clearing technique to process colorectal specimens could increase the lymph node yield effectively, and was effective, practical, and suitable for routine gross examination.
Local ALK-Positive Histiocytosis With Unusual Morphology and Novel TRIM33-ALK Gene Fusion
Authors: Tran Tien Anh N. , Chang Kenneth Tou En , Kuick Chik Hong , Goh Jian Yuan , Chang Chung-Che
Published: November 2020

ALK-positive histiocytosis was first described in 2008 as a systemic histiocytic disorder involving young infants and neonates. Subsequently, cases of local ALK-positive histiocytosis as well as clinical presentation in adult patients have been increasingly reported in the literature. The current case documented the hitherto largest local ALK-positive histiocytosis lesion involving the mesentery of a 20-year-old female patient, a clinical presentation that has not been previously reported in the medical literature. Of note was the presence of numerous lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils as well as the formation of lymphoid follicles in the lesion, mimicking an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Other unique histologic aspects of the current case included the nested arrangement of the histiocytes, intravascular extension of the histiocytic proliferation into a large vein, and tumor necrosis. Notably, molecular studies revealed a novel TRIM33 (exon 12) -ALK (exon 20) gene fusion. Therefore, ALK-positive histiocytosis with TRIM33-ALK gene fusion expands the clinical, histologic, and molecular spectrum of local ALK-positive histiocytosis. Since ALK-positive histiocytosis associated with a significant inflammatory component can pose considerable diagnostic challenges, increased awareness of this peculiar variant of ALK-positive histiocytosis is essential to minimize the risk of misdiagnosis.
Correlates of the Number Shot and Killed in Active Shooter Events
Authors: Blair J. Pete , Sandel William L. , Martaindale M. Hunter
Published: November 2020

Active shooter events have captured the public’s attention since the Columbine High School shooting in 1999. Although there has been research on various aspects of these events, only a single study has attempted to identify factors that are related to the number of people injured or killed in these events. This study was limited in that it only considered the presence or absence of a semi-automatic rifle. This paper expands on the existing research by examining several other factors that may impact the total number of people shot or killed during active shooter events.
Experimental and numerical study of buckling behavior of foam-filled honeycomb core sandwich panels considering viscoelastic effects
Authors: Safarabadi M , Haghighi-Yazdi M , Sorkhi MA , Yousefi A
Published: November 2020

Honeycomb sandwich panels are widely used in marine, aerospace, automotive and shipbuilding industries. High strength to weight and excellent energy absorption are features that make these structures unique. Foam filling the honeycomb core enhances the mechanical properties of sandwich panels considerably. In the present study, the buckling behavior of Nomex honeycomb core/glass-epoxy face sheet sandwich panel for both bare and foam-filled honeycomb core is investigated numerically and experimentally, considering the viscoelastic properties of the sandwich panel. Indeed, the viscoelastic properties of the composite face sheet and foam are determined by relaxation test and are implemented in ABAQUS using VUmat code. The finite element method is also performed using ABAQUS to model the buckling behavior of the sandwich panel incorporating both elastic and viscoelastic material behaviour. The effects of composite face sheet lay-up, core thickness, core cell size, and foam filling are also evaluated. The experimental and numerical results show that the foam increases the critical buckling load and energy absorption.
Arc flash macular hole
Authors: Kaur Ruminder , Koul Prateek
Published: November 2020

Macular holes are common. Lightening, direct electric shock induced and laser beam induced macular holes are though rare. Reporting a case of spark flashlight (Arc Flash) induced macular hole in an electrician, which has never been reported. A 19 year old male electrician by profession presented to our clinic with a history of exposure to a bright flash light from spark of wires while at work that led to decrease of vision in his both eyes. Examination revealed a full thickness macular hole in his right eye and loss of foveal photoreceptors in the left eye. Arc flash light exposure in electricians can lead to macular holes too adding a new entity to the already existing types of macular holes.
The influence of dead spaces and the designs of injectors on the amount of drug dose in intra-vitreal injection
Authors: Havuz Erol , Güdül Havuz Seda , Gokmen Onur
Published: November 2020

Aim:

To evaluate the dead spaces resulting from different designs of the insulin injectors used for intravitreal injections and the amounts of drug doses.

Methods:

In the study, five different brands of sterile insulin injectors of 1 mL were used for the test. The weight of the injectors was determined before and after filling the injectors with 0.05 and 0.1 mL distilled water. The weight of the injectors was measured with and without the needle after the water within the injectors had been taken out and weight differences were measured. The difference between the intended amount of fluid to be thrown out and the weight of the fluid remaining in the injector was calculated as percent error.

Results:

After throwing out 0.05 mL distilled water from the injector, weights of the Beybi®, Traf®, Becton Dickinson®, Ayset®, and Setojet® brands of injectors with 30 G needle were detected to increase the mean 0.0220 ± 0.006 g, 0.0208 ± 0.008 g, 0.0355 ± 0.016 g, 0.0219 ± 0.017 g, and 0.0150 ± 0.007 g, respectively compared to the weights of the dry injectors. The 0.1 mL injector group was found to be mean 0.0350 ± 0.014 g, 0.0264 ± 0.008 g, 0.0405 ± 0.015 g, 0.0272 ± 0.013 g, and 0.0245 ± 0.014 g, respectively. The maximum increase due to the dead spaces in the injectors was found in the Becton Dickinson® injector, both in the 0.05 mL and the 0.1 mL groups ( p < 0.000).

Conclusion:

The injector designs may affect the dose of IVI required to be given. More correct amounts of drugs may be administered via the intra-vitreal route through designs that reduce the dead spaces at the end part of the injector and between the inner wall and the plunger.
Voiding Disorders in Pediatrician’s Practice
Authors: Rakowska-Silska Magda , Jobs Katarzyna , Paturej Aleksandra , Kalicki Bolesław
Published: November 2020

Voiding disorders result usually from functional disturbance. However, relevant organic diseases must be excluded prior to diagnosis of functional disorders. Additional tests, such as urinalysis or abdominal ultrasound are required. Further diagnostics is necessary in the presence of alarm symptoms, such as secondary nocturnal enuresis, weak or intermittent urine flow, systemic symptoms, glucosuria, proteinuria, leukocyturia, erythrocyturia, skin lesions in the lumbar region, altered sensations in the perineum. Functional micturition disorders were thoroughly described in 2006, and revised in 2015 by ICCS (International Children’s Continence Society) and are divided into storage symptoms (increased and decreased voiding frequency, incontinence, urgency, nocturia), voiding symptoms hesitancy, straining, weak stream, intermittency, dysuria), and symptoms that cannot be assigned to any of the above groups (voiding postponement, holding maneuvers, feeling of incomplete emptying, urinary retention, post micturition dribble, spraying of the urinary stream). Functional voiding disorders are frequently associated with constipation. Bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is diagnosed when lower urinary tract symptoms are accompanied by problems with defecation. Monosymptomatic enuresis is the most common voiding disorder encountered by pediatricians. It is diagnosed in children older than 5 years without any other lower urinary tract symptoms. Other types of voiding disorders such as: non-monosymptomatic enuresis, overactive and underactive bladder, voiding postponement, bladder outlet obstruction, stress or giggle incontinence, urethrovaginal reflux usually require specialized diagnostics and therapy. Treatment of all types of functional voiding disorders is based on non-pharmacological recommendations (urotherapy), and such education should be implemented by primary care pediatricians.
Criminal accountability at what cost? Norm conflict, UN peace operations and the International Criminal Court
Authors: Buitelaar Tom , Hirschmann Gisela
Published: November 2020

How do international organisations (IOs) balance norms that have conflicting prescriptions? In this article, we build on the literature on norm contestation and norm conflict to identify four ways in which IOs might respond to norm conflicts: (1) consistent norm prioritisation; (2) ad hoc norm prioritisation; (3) balanced norm reconciliation and (4) imbalanced norm reconciliation. How IOs are more likely to respond, we argue, depends on the salience of the norm conflict and the relative strength of the conflicting norms. We illustrate our argument by investigating the norm conflicts that the United Nations (UN) encountered between traditional UN peacekeeping norms and the norm of international criminal accountability in the context of assistance by UN peace operations to the International Criminal Court. Distinguishing between behaviour and discourse as well as headquarters and field levels, we argue that the UN’s response strategies have been largely successful at reducing the tensions generated by the norm conflicts, but that in the longer term they run the risk of both undermining the international criminal accountability norm and damaging the acceptance and credibility of UN peace operations.
Pathways for a ‘Good Death’: Understanding End-of-Life Practices Through An Ethnographic Study in Two Portuguese Palliative Care Units
Authors: Hilário Ana Patrícia , Augusto Fábio Rafael
Published: November 2020

Drawing upon ethnographic research developed in two Portuguese palliative care units, this article seeks to analyse end-of-life practices, namely how they are perceived and negotiated among the various actors involved. Over a period of 10 months in these units participant observation and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 family members of patients with a life-threatening illness and 20 health care professionals. Against this backdrop, aspects related to the concept of a ‘good death’, the management of pain and suffering, and the loss of consciousness were explored. The main findings pointed to an appreciation, both by professionals and family members, of an holistic intervention that guarantees the patient’s physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being, where the relief of physical symptoms is of particular importance and palliative sedation emerges as a mechanism that allows the patient to achieve a ‘good death’ (without suffering and in a peaceful way).
Llamas are the new unicorns: Craft as competition television
Authors: Hambleton Jennifer , Quail Christine
Published: November 2020

‘Making’ and crafting have been transformed into a reality TV competition, hosted by celebrities, with promotional tie-ins to other media and cultural products. As such, shows like Making It, Craft Wars, and Ellen’s Design Challenge define ‘craft’ according to particular logics familiar to reality TV programming, which highlight making as a competition in which contestants vie for cash prizes and honorific titles engaging with particular gendered logics of neoliberal markets and histories of ‘craft’. This article examines three craft TV shows to interrogate the nexus of craft and reality television and consider unstable and shifting meanings of these cultural phenomena. Craft, handmade and DIY invoke various competing politics; when imported into a reality TV context, craft continues to bring into play messy contradictions reflective of broader social anxieties and political economic climates.
Family factors predicting self-rated health during early adolescence
Authors: Meland Eivind , Breidablik Hans Johan , Thuen Frode
Published: November 2020

Background:

Health impairments in adolescents associated with divorce and loss of parental contact are frequently reported. However, other family factors more likely to promote health are less researched. We examined the impact of several family factors on self-rated health (SRH).

Methods:

A longitudinal cohort study of 1225 students in high school aged 11 and 13 years in 2011. The students were surveyed at onset and after 2 years with SRH as the outcome measure. We adjusted for sex, age and self-rated socioeconomic status in temporal causal analyses, and adjusted for SRH at onset in residual change analyses, applying an ordinal logistic method. Adjusted analyses with each factor and multivariable models with backward exclusion were performed. We reported the predictive associations with odds ratios and 95% confidence limits.

Results:

The most decisive factors predicting future positive SRH were linked to confidence in communicating with both parents about bothersome issues, and the experience of parental support with school work. Furthermore, the experience of opinions being taken seriously in the family and the absence of excessive parental expectations predicted SRH positively after 2 years. Divorce had a modest impact on SRH and was mediated by the other factors. Only the absence of contact with fathers moderated the effect that divorce experience had on SRH. We ascertained the causal relationships through residual change analyses.

Conclusions:

As SRH in adolescence has an impact on later health and is amendable, it is important, from a public health perspective, to preserve and improve relationships and confidence between children and both parents.