bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gerakan Anti Perundungan sebagai Upaya Menghindari Intimidasi di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Adiba Vara
Published: December 2022

Perundungan adalah tindakan yang dilakukan oleh satu atau lebih orang dengan tujuan untuk memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu yang dikehendaki. Di lingkungan sekolah, anak-anak atau remaja sering menjadi korban dari tindakan perundungan. Sehingga diperlukan gerakan anti perundungan, Gerakan yang dilakukan dapat berupa pembinaan anti perundungan. Tujuan dari pembentukan artikel ini adalah menanamkan prinsip anti perundungan kepada anak-anak dan remaja.Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah telaah literatur review,sumber data pustaka diperoleh dari google schoolar. Hasil telaah literatur review diperoleh bahwasanya gerakan anti perundungan dapat dilakukan melalui pembinaan atau pengayaan materi, di mana hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait perundungan agar dapat dihindari. Melalui gerakan anti perundungan, anak-anak dan remaja dapat lebih sadar akan bentuk- bentuk perundungan dan pentingnya melakukan pelaporan akan tindakan perundungan dan kekerasan yang dialami tanpa rasa takut. Ke depannya hasil telaah ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengedukasi para remaja tentang bentuk dan bahaya perundungan atau bullying serta dapat diimplikasikan di bidang edukasi dan kesehatan mental.
JAVANESE SONG AS A CULTURAL RECEPTION OF PRAYERS IN THE QUR'AN: AN ANALYSIS OF LEVI STRAUSS STRUCTURALISM
Authors: Hidayah Sokhifah
Published: December 2022

Javanese song is a Javanese wording that is sung with the aim of providing advice, entertainment, and even as a means of prayer. The application of Javanese song is often misused as a ritual medium that has mystical nuances and smells of shirk. Many people do not realize that the Javanese song is basically one of the tools, for Javanese people in understanding the values of the Qur'an. This article is about 1). What is the dialectic between Islamic teachings and Javanese culture? 2). What is the representation of Javanese song to the values of the Qur'an? 3). What is Levi Strauss's structuralism analysis of the song "Rumeksa ing Wengi"? The method used in this study is qualitative research with a literature review approach and structuralism analysis of Levi Strauss. The basis for searching for data in this study, by searching for articles and books about Javanese song and analyzing it with Levi Strauss's structuralism analysis. The results of this study resulted in (1). Religion and culture are media that can bind between components in society (2). Javanese song represents the values of the Qur'an by incorporating Islamic elements or values of the Qur'an into the content and arrangement of the Javanese Song (3) "Song of Rumeksa Ing Wengi" after analysis using Levi Strauss's theory of structuralism resulted in the conclusion that the song contains a command to always pray to the Almighty God as well as containing guidance or how to pray to Allah which is in accordance with Islamic teachings but still contains elements of Javanese culture
CHANGES IN PERSON'S BEHAVIOR DUE TO INSECURE AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIAL INTERACTIONS
Authors: Khasanah Nurul
Published: December 2022

Insecure is a feeling that often appears in individuals. The purpose of this writing is to find out how much influence the feeling of insecurity has on changes in behavior and social interactions. The method used is a qualitative descriptive approach where data is taken from conducting interviews with several students of Abdurahman Wahid Pekalongan State Islamic University
FUNGSI ADMINISTRASI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: AZIZAH VIKI NUR
Published: December 2022

makalah ini berisi tentang pengertian Fungsi Administrasi Pendidikan dan fungsi apa saja yang ada pada Administrasi Pendidikan
Musik Gerejawi dan Nyanyian Hymne
Authors: Nenokeba Rian J
Published: December 2022

1.Musik Gerejawi adalah music yang ditulis dengan tujuan untuk dimainkan digereja, untuk mengiringi ibadat liturgi yang dinyanyikan digereja.2.Nyanyian Hymne adalah nyanyian yang mengandung unsur penghormatan dan perenungan untuk mengekspresikan sikap penyembahan terhadap Allah dalam kehidupan manusia.3.Dalam ibadah, nyanyian Hymne berfungsi sebagai penegasan iman jemaat.4. Orang Kristen atau jemaat dapat belajar tentang iman Kristen melalui nyanyian himne. Memahami tentang Tuhan, gereja, dunia, dan diri sendiri tidak hanya melalui Sekolah Minggu ataupun pendalaman Alkitab saja.
Human Resources International Organizations
Authors: Myassignment Help
Published: December 2022

A marketing entry strategy is pre-planned way of delivering goods and services to their target market and allocating the customers after. While involving in import and export transaction, several contracts are taken place in a host country.
"Makalah Musik Gereja dan Hymne" UAS KRITIK SENI_Jean
Authors: Sonbai Jean Ivana
Published: December 2022

Musik merupakan bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dari kehidupan manusia. Musik digunakan secara luas oleh manusia dalam berbagai suasana dan tujuan. Salah satu tujuan yang digunakan yaitu untuk acara-acara ibadah. Seni mempunyai peran penting dalam ibadah gereja, terutama seni musik yang sangat berperan penting dalam proses ibadah.
PPT Gerakan Anti Perundungan sebagai Upaya Menghindari Intimidasi di Lingkungan Sekolah
Authors: Adiba Vara
Published: December 2022

Perundungan adalah tindakan yang dilakukan oleh satu atau lebih orang dengan tujuan untuk memaksa seseorang melakukan sesuatu yang dikehendaki. Di lingkungan sekolah, anak-anak atau remaja sering menjadi korban dari tindakan perundungan. Sehingga diperlukan gerakan anti perundungan, Gerakan yang dilakukan dapat berupa pembinaan anti perundungan. Tujuan dari pembentukan artikel ini adalah menanamkan prinsip anti perundungan kepada anak-anak dan remaja.Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan artikel ini adalah telaah literatur review,sumber data pustaka diperoleh dari google schoolar. Hasil telaah literatur review diperoleh bahwasanya gerakan anti perundungan dapat dilakukan melalui pembinaan atau pengayaan materi, di mana hal tersebut dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan terkait perundungan agar dapat dihindari. Melalui gerakan anti perundungan, anak-anak dan remaja dapat lebih sadar akan bentuk- bentuk perundungan dan pentingnya melakukan pelaporan akan tindakan perundungan dan kekerasan yang dialami tanpa rasa takut. Ke depannya hasil telaah ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengedukasi para remaja tentang bentuk dan bahaya perundungan atau bullying serta dapat diimplikasikan di bidang edukasi dan kesehatan mental.
Kemampuan Menulis Arab-Melayu
Authors: Kirom M. Alifil
Published: December 2022

Mengajarkan tulisan Arab-Melayu di sekolah formal dan informal berarti ikut melestarikan nilai-nilai budaya nusantara. Provinsi Riau dan Kepulauan Riau merupakan pusat kerajaan Melayu yang sangat maju dan memiliki warisan budaya yang tinggi dalam aksara Arab-Melayu. yakni banyaknya generasi muda, termasuk pelajar, yang tidak lagi menulis atau bahkan tidak mengenal aksara Arab-Melayu
Oxidation Rates and Redox Stabilization of Ferrous Iron in Trioctahedral Smectites
Authors: Kupper Robert , Zhou Nanqing , Chan Clara , Thompson Aaron , Catalano Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

Iron(II)-bearing trioctahedral smectites (saponites) form during anoxic alteration of basaltic rock. They are predicted to have been widespread on the early Earth and are observed in the oceanic subsurface today. Smectite structures, including the occupancy of sites in the octahedral sheet, affect iron redox behavior but the rates and products of trioctahedral smectite oxidation have been largely unexplored to date. In this study we synthesized two Fe(II)-bearing trioctahedral smectites, one moderate (22 wt. % Fe) and one high (27 wt. % Fe) in iron content. We then examined the rate, extent, and products of their oxidation by dissolved oxygen, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide. Dissolved oxygen caused partial oxidation of Fe(II) in the smectites with 14 to 43% of Fe(II) unoxidized after 20 to 30 days of exposure. The rate and extent of oxidation correlated with the dissolved oxygen concentration and the Fe(II) content of the clay. The incomplete oxidation in these experiments is consistent with the mixed-valent trioctahedral smectites observed in oxidized natural samples but contrasts with the complete reoxidation by oxygen shown by chemically- or microbially-reduced dioctahedral smectites. Oxidation of structural Fe(II) by 5 mmol L-1 nitrite was negligible for the moderate-iron smectite and yielded only ~17% oxidation after 54 days of reaction for the high-iron smectite. Hydrogen peroxide caused rapid and near-complete oxidation of both clays. Powder X-ray diffraction, variable-temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy, and extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy together detected no crystalline or short-range-ordered secondary phases and show that oxidized iron remained in the trioctahedral smectite structure. The recalcitrant Fe(II) pool in oxidized trioctahedral smectites exists in less distorted sites than Fe(II) in the initial clays. Its unreactive nature at prolonged reaction times indicates an elevated redox potential generated by the local coordination environment. Slower oxidation rates create a larger recalcitrant Fe(II) pool, suggesting kinetic competition between oxidation and a process involved in redox stabilization, such as electron exchange between octahedral iron sites or deprotonation of hydroxyl groups in the structure. The resistance to complete oxidation of trioctahedral ferrous smectites and their full retention of iron demonstrates that transitions from anoxic to oxic conditions generate mixed-valence smectites rather than a mixture of new phases. Identifying the diagenetic products of mixed-valent trioctahedral smectites may provide an indicator in the rock record of past redox cycling. Substantial portions of structural Fe(II) in trioctahedral smectites display slow abiotic oxidation kinetics and represent potential electron donors for both microaerophilic iron oxidizing and nitrate-reducing, iron-oxidizing microorganisms in altered mafic rocks and related settings.
Blockchain Based Traceability System for the Detection of Counterfeit Drugs in Nigeria
Authors: Tijani Ismail Gbolahan , Tomiwa Femi - Philips
Published: December 2022

Counterfeit products have become a pandemic that has infested almost every business sector and economy. Nigeria’s health sector is not an exception. Counterfeit products attack brands and their authenticity, but also pose a huge health risk to its customers and consumers. Ignorance and lack of knowledge are some of the prominent reasons counterfeit products are still being largely purchased. Several legislative and technological methods have been adopted in the past however, relatively small amount of success has been recorded. This is because, blockchain technology is still in its infancy in Nigeria.In this paper, blockchain which is well known for its security, decentralization, traceability and immutability has been explored as a means to curtail the sales, distribution and circulation of fake drugs in Nigeria. Note: The system is yet to be tested in the field; it is still a theoretical concept.
The impact of fiction reading on social outcomes: A four-week randomized controlled study
Authors: Dodell-Feder David , Liu Gloria , Amormino Paige , Handley Elizabeth D. , Tamir Diana
Published: December 2022

Does reading fiction improve our ability to understand one another? Correlational data suggest that lifetime fiction exposure is positively associated with social outcomes. Experimental data suggest that fiction reading may slightly improve social ability, although this conclusion is tenuous. Here, we test fiction’s impact on social outcomes by conducting a study in which adult participants (N=210) were randomly assigned to engage in no reading for pleasure, or to read fiction or nonfiction for 45 min/day, five days/week, for four weeks. At the end of the study, participants were assessed on three classes of social outcomes: theory of mind, empathy, and social functioning. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the impact of fiction reading on latent variables representing the aforementioned social outcomes. Fiction readers did not outperform nonfiction readers or participants who abstained from pleasure reading on any social outcome. Nonfiction readers outperformed those who abstained from pleasure reading on the empathy latent variable. We did not observe associations between lifetime fiction exposure and social outcomes. Taken with the study’s limitations, which include a modest sample size, measurement issues, and the possibility that non-study media was consumed/produced during the reading period, these data are consistent with the following possibilities regarding fiction’s positive social impact: such findings may reflect a priming effect, may occur only after prolonged exposure to fiction, and/or may occur for readers who exhibit a particular kind of engagement with the reading. Together, this study provides no new evidence of a beneficial effect of fiction reading on social outcomes.
A Study on the Emotions of an Employee After a Cyber Security Attack in Their Organization
Authors: Dwarakanath Supraja , Ravi Keerthivasan , Vijayakumar Ramprasath
Published: December 2022

Since most organisations today rely upon their IT systems to run on a daily basis, cybersecurity poses a severe danger to those systems. Therefore, it is essential that businesses make sure they are safeguarded. This study examines how employees cope emotionally and psychologically with a cyberattack. According to the research, senior management is vital in altering employees' emotional and coping skills through their support and intervention. Empathy is a core leadership quality, according to numerous studies, but it isn't often demonstrated in the workplace, especially during traumatic events. This is especially true for security professionals, who fight on the front lines of battle to protect the business and organisational data of their companies. The research and methods listed below support the conceptual difficulties that have an impact on employee well-being. This study made it quite evident that cybersecurity attacks not only provide a barrier for engineers but also have significant psychological effects that require attention. While some people have a propensity to respond in a positive and proactive manner, limiting the negative effects of the cybersecurity breach, others are more likely to exhibit a significant negative affective stress response and fail to take the necessary measures. Particularly for these individuals, psychological issues and potentially psychosis might be recognised.
Distributive Justice, Resource Inequality and Domestic Terrorist Activity
Authors: Schwarzenbach Anina
Published: December 2022

Distributive justice – the equal and socially just allocation of government resources – is a key concept in political philosophy. Together with procedural justice, it defines and shapes the legitimacy of the state. Thus, it has potential implications for domestic terrorism. However, whereas procedural justice aspects have been widely studied in relation to domestic terrorist activity, we know far less about the effects of distributive justice. I use four measures from the Variety of Democracy (V-Dem) dataset to assess a country’s levels of distributive justice over time: educational equality, health equality, public good expenditures equality, and welfare policy equality. I perform longitudinal Poisson fixed-effects regressions of distributive justice on domestic terrorist attacks covering 134 countries from 1970 to 2017. Controlling for common economic, political, and demographic measures, I find support for the negative impact of distributive justice on terrorist attacks, with a consistent and robust association of health equality with lower rates of domestic terrorist activity. I find that distributive justice matters especially in “procedurally just” societies. For those, both health equality and public good expenditures are strongly and negatively related to domestic terrorist attacks. However, the findings also suggest that other distributive justice measures, such as welfare policy equality and educational equality, are unrelated to domestic terrorist attacks. I perform various robustness checks that confirm these results. I discuss the implications for theory, policy, and future research.
ENERGI ALTERNATIF BIOBRIKET DARI KOMBINASI LIMBAH AMPAS KOPI DAN LIMBAH BAWANG MERAH
Authors: Unzilatirrizqi D Yan El Rizal , Wadli Wadli
Published: December 2022

Bio-briquettes have become a feasible method for achieving alternative energy and waste utilization goals. The approach of this research is to manufacture bio-briquettes by utilizing Robusta coffee grounds and onion peels with optimal standards obtained from nourishment and agricultural outgrowth in Brebes Regency. In bio-briquettes experiments, a 25% - 75%, 60% - 40% composition ratio of coffee grounds and onion peels was used, and a 50% - 50% composition ratio. The result of the bio-briquettes experiment demonstrate that the ratio of the mixture of 75% coffee grounds and 25% onion peels is the most optimal according to SNI Quality of Wood Charcoal Briquettes  Number 01-6235-2000 with a calorific value of 5000,15 cal/gram, the water content of 6,55%, ash content is 6,8%, the volatile matter is 41,87%, and bG
KARAKTERISTIK PASIEN ANAK DENGAN FEBRILE SEIZURE
Authors: Rinanti Irianda Dinda , Novayelinda Riri , Bayhakki Bayhakki
Published: December 2022

Febrile Seizures ialah kejang yang dialami oleh anak-anak karena adanya kenaikkan suhu tubuh secara mendadak dengan suhu lebih dari 38°C tanpa penyebab maupun penyakit lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pasien anak dengan febrile seizure. Desain Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif study. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien yang berada di salah satu Rumah Sakit yang ada di Pekanbaru. Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 158 sampel yang menggunakan teknik pengambilan total sampling. Analisa penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisa deksriptif. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa simple febrile seizures menjadi klasifikasi febrile seizure terbanyak yang dialami anak-anak yakni sebesar (86,7%) , usia 0-18 bulan sebanyak (49,4%) dengan jenis kelamin Laki-laki (51,3%) dengan rentang 36°C - >40°C suhu yang sering ditemukan yaitu pada suhu febris ( 37,5°C – 40°C). Sebanyak (82,9%). Pada penelitian ini sebagian besar anak dengan febrile seizures memiliki berat badan lahir Normal (51,9%) serta memiliki riwayat penyakit penyerta berupa gangguan respirasi (8,1%). Hasil Penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar perawat mampu memberikan asuhan keperawatan yang tepat sesuai karakteristik yang dimiliki pasien anak dengan febrile seizure agar mampu mencegah terjadinya kejang berulang.
GAMBARAN MOTIVASI PASIEN HIPERTENSI DALAM MENGONTROL TEKANAN DARAH DI PUSKESMAS SIMPANG TIGA
Authors: Hasanah Nur , Rizka Yulia , Nopriadi Nopriadi
Published: December 2022

Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit tidak menular dan menjadi salah satu kontributor paling penting pada penyakit jantung dan stroke yang bersama-sama menjadi penyebab nomor satu kematian dini. Pengendalian hipertensi ini dapat dilakukan apabila penderita sering mengontrol tekanan darah secara rutin ke fasilitas kesehatan. Pengontrolan tekanan darah tidak terlepas dari motivasi seseorang. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling, yaitu penderita hipertensi yang terdata di buku register Puskesmas Simpang Tiga dengan total sampel sebanyak 66 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner motivasi kontrol tekanan darah yang berisi 9 pernyataan yang telah diuji valid dan reliabel dengan nilai r hitung antara 0,452-0,892 dan r tabel 0.361 serta hasil realibilitas cronbach alpha 0,872. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas pasien hipertensi berada pada kelompok usia 56-66 tahun (40,9%), jenis kelamin perempuan (51,5%), pendidikan SMA/sederajat  (45%), tidak bekerja (81,8%), lama menderita hipertensi  ≥ 5 tahun (55,5%), tidak ada penyakit penyerta (63,6%), dan tekanan darah sistolik pada rentang 140-179 mmHg (hipertensi derajat 2) (71,2%) dan tekanan darah diastolik ≥90 mmHg (63,6%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, frekuensi motivasi mengontrol tekanan darah pada kategori tinggi sebanyak 58 orang (87,9%) dan kategori rendah sebanyak 8 orang (12,1%). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan mayoritas pasien hipertensi memiliki motivasi yang tinggi dalam mengontrol tekanan darah di Puskesmas Simpang Tiga. Untuk penelitian selanjutkan diharapkan mencari faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi pasien hipertensi dalam mengontrol tekanan darah ke Puskesmas.
Analysis of floor price trend of raw coffee in Nepal
Authors: Luitel G. , Acharya B.
Published: December 2022

Nepalese coffee industry has passed a long way of production, processing and marketing. Coffee as a high value crop with floor price helped farmers to sustain their production. This study reviews the historic approaches of floor price fixation system and its trend using secondary data of National Tea and Coffee Development Board (NTCDB). The floor prices were averaged and converted into Green Bean Equivalent (GBE) units and analysed in different time zones. It was found that the floor price fixation system has been changing over years. The floor price was roughly based on transportation cost in earlier years. Grading-based price fixation of fresh cherry came into practice during 2002/03-2005/06. Eventually, more precise and practicable floor price measures were introduced for different quality grades, which was practiced for almost a decade from 2006/07 to 2014/15. Starting from 2015/16, previous approach was slightly modified based on organic certification which is still in practice. Moreover, it was found that the price of raw coffee has increased notably over years. While the price index of raw coffee in 1994/95 was merely 26.37, it has increased by more than nine times to 243.12 in 2021/22. Since higher priced raw coffee will not make it competitive in the global market, the floor price should be adjusted based on international market trend, considering macroeconomic parameters as well.
Constraints on the use and adoption of information and communication technology (ICT) tools and farm machinery by paddy farmers in Nepal
Authors: Sigdel U. P. , Pyakuryal K. N. , Devkota D. , Ojha G. P.
Published: December 2022

Information and communication technology (ICT) tools such as radio, television, mobile phone, the internet and computers are gaining momentum in Nepal’s agriculture development discourse, filling void that traditional agriculture extension has failed to fill. Agricultural mechanization implies using various power sources and improved farm tools and equipment in agriculture. This study aims to determine the barriers while using ICT tools and agricultural machinery in Jhapa, Kapilbastu and Kailali districts of Nepal. Pretested semi-structured interview schedule was employed to collect data from 390 sample respondents selected randomly. Descriptive statistics and the appropriately developed scales were used in the data analysis. Moreover, respondents considered lack of awareness along with its requirement of skilled human resources and its cost were the primary reasons for the rejection of the use of ICT tools, where the overall rejection level was at a medium level. The constraints level of the use and adoption of farm machinery was found high; the significant constraints considered by the respondents were the high price of the machinery along with poor skills, knowledge, facilities, and poor maintenance service. The overall index value for the rejection of the use and adoption of farm machinery in paddy farming was at a moderate level. The respondents’ primary reasons for the rejection of the use of farm machinery were the high price of the farm machinery long with poor training, poor skilled human resources, and complex ideas to learn. Hence, to overcome to those factors, appropriate awareness campaigns and educational programs are necessary.
Efficacy of biological and chemical insecticides against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) on Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Var capitata)
Authors: Sapkota B. , Regmi R. , Tiwari S. , Thapa R. B.
Published: December 2022

Diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) is the most devastating pest in late winter in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). Pesticides are the common pest management practices to manage the crucifer pests. These practices are not sustainable and ecofriendly. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of chemical, botanicals and biological insecticides to develop safer and more effective insecticides for the diamondback moth, in cabbage during winter season 2018-19. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design (RCBD) with four replication and five treatments viz. i) Emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 0.4 gm/l, ii) Neemix (Azadirachtin 300 ppm) @ 2 ml/l, iii) Metarhizium anisopliae @ 2 ml/l, iv) Beauveri abassiana @ 2 ml/l and v) control (untreated). Standard recommended agronomic practices were followed in field to ensure better crop growth. The maximum reduction of P. xylostella larval population over untreated control was recorded in Emamectin benzoate 5 SG (95%) and Neemix (95%) sprayed field. Bio-pesticides such as M. anisopliae and B. bassiana were effective only after the first spray with maximum efficacy of (76%) and (65%), respectively, and decreased efficacy in the second and third sprays. Both yields with the least number of damaged leaves and maximum net profit was recorded in Emamectin benzoate sprayed plots with a higher benefit-cost ratio of (3.47), which was followed by M. anisopliae (2.96) and Neemix (2.92) treatments, respectively. Emamectin benzoate 5 SG and Neemix are effective and safe insecticides in controlling diamondback moth in cabbage crops and are viable options for integrated management of P. xylostella.
Distribution of isoflavone and pinitol content in different parts of Serica lespedeza
Authors: Dhakal K. H.
Published: December 2022

Isoflavone is an important functional component that is associated with human health benefits such as the decreased risk of heart disease, menopausal symptoms, cardiovascular disease, and bone resorption as well as breast, prostate, and colon cancers. Pinitol (also referred to as D-Pinitol) is a type of sugar and classified as a chiro-inositol (sugar alcohol), has been demonstrated to exert insulin-like, anti-inflammatory and a hypoglycemic effect (to reduce blood sugar level). Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) species were collected from the different parts of Korea in the autumn season of 2011 and analyzed the isoflavone and pinitol content of leaves and stems by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). A large variation of isoflavone and pinitol content in the leaves and stems of lespedeza species was observed. The average isoflavone content of leaves and stems were 1,612 and 873 μg/g and ranged from 44 ~ 6,536 and 25 ~ 3,666 μg/g, respectively. Similarly, the average pinitol content of leaves and stems were 15,195 and 9,104 μg/g and ranged from 5,049 ~ 35,289 and 1284 ~ 27,185 μg/g, respectively. Both isoflavone and pinitol content in the leaves were significantly higher than in the stems. Leaves of sericea lespedeza showed unexpectedly higher isoflavone and pinitol. The average isoflavone content in leaves and stems among nine provinces were also significantly different. The highest isoflavone content in leaves (6,536 μg/g) and stems (3,666 μg/g) were measured in the samples collected from Chungcheongnam and Gangwon provinces, respectively. Similarly, the highest pinitol content in the leaves (35,289 μg/g) and stems (27,185 μg/g) were measured in the samples collected from Gyeonggi and Gangwon provinces, respectively. The genotypes with high isoflavone and pinitol content especially in the leaves of this medicinal herb could be used as elite genetic resources for food industries to make quality functional food products as well as medicines especially for diabetes.
Effectiveness of crop and livestock protection methods against wildlife damage: A case from Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Ghimire S. , Devkota D. , Dhakal S. C. , Upreti B. R.
Published: December 2022

Human-wildlife conflict is a major issue for policymakers and conservationists due to economic loss to the communities living in the close territory of the park, affecting their livelihoods and wellbeing. This study aims at identifying and quantifying wildlife-induced damages on crops and livestock and methods used by communities for crop and livestock protection. A total of 434 households living in the vicinity of the park from the ten forest user groups around the Chitwan national parks and buffer zone were randomly sampled and interviewed with the use of semi-structured questionnaires in the year 2021. Findings revealed a total of 87.86% of rice-growing households reported the damage of rice whereas 90.32% and 87.68% of households reported the damage to wheat and maize, respectively. The annual loss of 78 kg of rice per household (NRs. 1776 at prevailing market rates) was reported along with the loss of wheat (86 Kg-worth of NRs. 2,523) and maize (96 Kg-worth of NRs. 2,019) per household. About 59% of households had lost at least a livestock species and poultry in last year, and that varied well across the sectors. Twelve different methods and techniques were identified by communities that were used regularly to prevent crop damage and livestock loss with the majority of people using certain methods and techniques against crop damage and livestock loss. A total of 425 (97.93%) were reported that they used at least one method and technique to prevent crop damage and livestock loss. Among all these methods, crop guarding, shouting, use of natural fences, guarding by dogs, and throwing stones were the most effective and safest practices/techniques, but the use of a single means and approach was found ineffective. This suggests the need for developing site-specific management techniques to minimize crop damage and livestock loss in the National Park vicinity and adjoining protected areas. Apart from the different mitigating means, construction, and maintaining permanent fences on the border of the national parks, there should be the provision of conservation education to communities bordering protected areas to practice sustainable agriculture and income-generating programs that are conservation-friendly. that may include, for example, provision of conservation educations along with income-generating programs that are conservation-friendly.
Growth performance of different fish species during dry period in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Neupane P. , Rai S. , Kafle H. , Ranjan R.
Published: December 2022

In order to assess the growth and yield of different fish species during dry period, an experiment was conducted in the Aquaculture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan from 1 April to 10 July, 2021. The experiment included three treatments: T1 (Carp polyculture), T2 (Common carp Cyprinus carpio monoculture) and T3 (Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus monoculture), each with three replications. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix 7%), Bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis 20%), Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella 13%), Rohu (Labeo rohita 30%), Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala 10%) and Common carp (20%) were stocked at densities of 1,400, 4,000, 2,600, 4,000, 6,000 and 2,000 fish/ha, respectively. Stocking density of Common carp and Nile tilapia was 20,000 fish/ha. Fish were fed with sinking pellet (28% crude protein) at the rate of 3% of body weight. Gross and net fish yield was significantly higher in T3 (89.89±0.67 t/ha/yr,16±0.25 t/ha/ yr) than in T2 (4.88±0.38 t/ha/yr, 4.05±0.35 t/ha/yr) due to higher (p<0.05) survival in T3 (72.5±11.3 %) than in T2 (40.6±4.5 %). Gross margin was significantly higher in T3 (1,257,482±186,600 NRs./ha/yr) than in T2 (434,250±124,753 NRs./ha/yr). Based on higher survival, yield and gross margin, Nile tilapia monoculture is suitable for dry season.
Husbandry practice, health, productive and reproductive status of lulu cattle in Mustang, Nepal
Authors: Gautam G. , Oli P. B.
Published: December 2022

Lulu is the only indigenous cattle of taurine (Bos taurus) breed that is reared in northern part of central to western Nepal. There have been no recent studies on husbandry practice, health status, productive and reproductive performance of Lulu cattle in Nepal. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the husbandry practice, health, productive and reproductive status of Lulu cattle in Mustang district. Household survey was conducted in Lulu cattle rearing households (n=183) in Mustang; fecal sample of Lulu cow was collected from each household and examined for endoparasitic infection. Body condition score (BCS), hair coat, anemic and milk production status were recorded only from lactating cows (n=242). All of the respondents kept their cows in loose housing system. Among them, 90.2% grazed their cattle, 21.3% provided some cultivated pastures, 3.3% supplemented commercial feed and none of the farmers fed mineral supplementation to their cattle. All the milk produced was used only for home consumption. Only 22% of respondents dewormed their cattle regularly and 29% never dewormed; only 12% vaccinated against foot and mouth disease (FMD) every year and 25% never vaccinated. Cattle of 79.8% households had endoparasitic infection. Among 242 lactating cows, 13.2% cows had poor BCS (<2.75), 95.5% had rough hair coat and 20.4% had anemic (pale) eye mucous membrane. Total 8.3% cows had the history of abortion. Mean (±SD) peak milk yield and lactation length were 2.01±0.30 liter/day and 9.84±0.86 months, respectively. Most of the cows calved in summer (72%) followed by autumn (12%), spring (11%) and winter (5%). Mean (±SD) age of first calving, calving to conception interval, inter-calving interval, dry period and the number of services per conception were 36.0±0.48 months, 3.99±0.68 months, 12.97±1.34 months, 2.71±0.45 months, and 1.47±0.77, respectively. In conclusion, Lulu cattle has the potentiality to increase its productive and reproductive performance through improved health and husbandry practices.
Factors affecting adoption of major adaptation strategies against drought among summer vegetables growers in central Nepal
Authors: Subedi A. P. , Dangol D. R. , Dhakal S. C , Tiwari U.
Published: December 2022

Climate change is one of the critical challenges in the field of agriculture and drought is one among the important effects of global climate change affecting summer vegetables in central Nepal. A research was conducted in central Nepal to seek out factors affecting adaptation strategies against drought among summer vegetables growers. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data from 300 households adjoining Trishuli Narayani River corridor equally divided among three districts namely Chitwan, Dhading and Nuwakot. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistic and logit model. Irrigation canal, choosing appropriate crop varieties, mulching, adjusting planting time and using organic manure were identified important adaptation strategies for drought within the study areas. Distance of vegetable farm from river, knowledge of climate change with the respondents, training provided to farmers on vegetable farming, access to cooperative was seen significantly affecting farmers to settle on those adaptation strategies against drought. Adopting different practices against drought found to be correlated with topography or agro climatic regions as well. Nuwakot and Dhading with high altitude got less chance of using organic manure and mulching practice in comparison with Chitwan but its opposite with other adaptation practices like adjusting planting times, changing crop varieties and using irrigation canal. Policy makers and extension workers should focus more on knowledge input based on topography or agroclimatic regions as well about climate change adaptation practices among the farmers, hence providing more trainings on vegetable farming, increasing the access to cooperatives and other organizations could ultimately help to strengthen vegetable growers to adopt those adaptation practices.
A study on activation of polyethylene glycol and its characterization by infrared spectroscopy and thin layer chromatography
Authors: Bashyal R.
Published: December 2022

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is the most popular polymeric material used for alteration and control of biodistribution. PEG may increase the lifetime of “drug carrier” assembly which helps in administering lower concentration of the “drug carrier” composite. It has been used widely for the modification of carriers used in therapeutics because PEG offers a shielding characters that avoids rapid renal clearance from the body. This study was carried out at Dolphin Institute of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Dehradun and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Roorkee, India during May-July 2005. Activation of PEG of different molecular weight (400 Da, 4000 Da, 8000 Da and 20,000 Da) was done using dry benzene, Triethylamine, Ethylene dichloride and 4-nitrophenyl chloroformate. Reaction mixture was monitored on TLC using EDC: Methanol (7:3). Then reaction mixture was portioned between EDC & water. The lower fraction in separating funnel of EDC was collected & concentrated on rota evaporator to get activated PEG. From the above reaction and structure it was clear that 4-Nitrophenyl Chloroformate contains two highly electronegative groups i.e. NO2 and Cl. These two groups interact with each other resulting in neutralization of polarity. It then acts as non-polar molecule and shows high affinity for mobile phase (methanol & EDC). Therefore, 4-Nitrophenylchloroformate has the highest mobility and PEG has lowest mobility. From IR Spectroscopy it was found that the peak of Hydroxyl group- (OH) of PEG was at 3400- 3450cm-1. The peak of C-Cl bond was found at 746 cm-1. But after the reaction between PEG and 4-Nitrophenyl Chloroformate the- OH peak was found not so deep as in PEG. The peak was somewhat short and broad.
Synthesis of nanoparticles of Poly (ethyleneimine) and their characterization by transmission electron microscopy, thin layer chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Bashyal R.
Published: December 2022

Intracellular gene delivery alters the expression of a gene and corrects a defective gene that may be the cause of a disease or a disorder. Nonviral gene delivery is more appropriate than viral-mediated due to their low cytotoxicity and immunogenicity. Amongst these, polycationic nanoparticles i.e. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) were used most successfully. The PEGylation of such cationic polymer reduces its cytotoxicity. Different molecular weight poly (ethylene glycol) was used for the PEGylation of such cationic nanoparticles which have an individual effect. For this purpose, the PEG is esterified, which was then reacted with a cationic polymer. Four different molecular weights of PEG were used. The size of nanoparticles so formed depends upon the molecular weight of PEG. So formed nanoparticles were dialyzed, lyophilized, and then characterized by IR and TEM. The nanoparticles so formed are directly affected by the different molecular weights of PEG. Higher the molecular weights of PEG smaller size of nanoparticles so formed but only up to a limited extent. The decreasing order of nanoparticles as an increment of molecular weight of PEG was found as a -0.85 coefficient of correlation. The smaller-sized nanoparticles have higher transfection efficiency than larger-sized nanoparticles. So, the higher the molecular weight of PEG higher will be the transfection efficiency.
PENGARUH IQ, EQ, DAN SQ, TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PERUSAHAAN KONSULTASI PENGAWASAN DI KABUPATEN GRESIK
Authors: Haq Agung Izzul , Dhana Rahma
Published: December 2022

Perusahaan jasa konsultan supervisi sangat berpengaruh terhadap pembangunan di negeri ini karena pada era saat ini semua orang sudah menggunakan teknologi digital sehingga seorang karyawan dituntut untuk dapat menguasainya, oleh karena itu kami meneliti kecerdasan intelektual, emosional, dan spiritual pada perusahaan konsultan di Gresik Daerah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 12 perusahaan jasa konsultan pengawas di Kabupaten Gresik. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari kuisioner/kuesioner yang kami bagikan langsung ke perusahaan jasa konsultan pengawas yang ada di kabupaten Gresik. metode yang kami gunakan adalah metode pls (partial least square) dan kami melakukan beberapa pengujian yaitu uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, dan uji hipotesis. IQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepemimpinan, EQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepemimpinan, dan SQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepemimpinan. IQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi, EQ tidak berpengaruh terhadap motivasi, dan SQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi. IQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap integrasi kualitas bangunan, EQ berpengaruh signifikan terhadap integrasi kualitas bangunan, dan SQ tidak berpengaruh terhadap integrasi kualitas bangunan. Dalam penelitian ini diharapkan pembaca khususnya perusahaan jasa konsultan pengawas di Kabupaten
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN SERBUK BESI SEBAGAI BAHAN CAMPURAN PASIR PADA PEMBUATAN PAVING BLOCK TERHADAP KUAT TEKAN DAN DAYA SERAP AIR
Authors: Setiawan Alvin Ary , Diana Anita Intan Nura
Published: December 2022

Salah satu dari sarana transportasi yang sering digunakan dalam perkerasan jalan yaitu paving block. Paving block juga banyak digunakan sebagai kontruksi bangunan seperti pekarangan rumah, trotoar, taman, tempat parkir dan Iain – Iain. Paving block terbuat dari campuran semen portIand, air dan agregat dengan atau bahan Iainnya. PeneIitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serbuk besi terhadap kuat tekan dan daya serap air pada paving bIock.PeneIitian ini merupakan eksperimentaI yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Rancangan penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 3 perlakuan. Analisis data yang digunakan daIam peneIitian ini menggunakan anaIisis regresi Iinier sederahana. AnaIisis regresi digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan serbuk besi terhadap kuat tekan dan daya serap pada paving bIock.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang cukup signifikan dengan adanya pembahan serbuk besi, namun penambahan serbuk besi yang terIaIu banyak juga dapat mengurangi kekuatan paving itu sendiri. Hasi penelitian menunjukkan kuat tekan maksimum sebesar 221.42 Mpa pada variasi 25%, sedangkan kuat tekan minimum sebesar 210.59 Mpa pada variasi 5%. Dan untuk penyerapan maksimum sebesar 9,758 pada variasi 5%, sedangkan penyerapan minimum adaIah sebesar 8,546 pada variasi 25%
PENGENDALIAN BIAYA DAN WAKTU PADA PROYEK PENYELESAIAN GEDUNG PERKANTORAN PT MERAK JAYA BETON
Authors: Kuswandi Muhammad Raihan , Sarya Gede
Published: December 2022

Pengendalian pekerjaan yang harus dilakukan yaitu penambahan peralatan serta perubahan metode pelaksanaan dapat memperpendek waktu pelaksanaan proyek, akan tetapi disisi lain biaya pelaksanaan proyek akan meningkat. Dengan adanya keterbatasan tenaga kerja maka alternatif yang biasa digunakan untuk menunjang percepatan aktivitas adalah dengan penambahan jamkerja dan penambahan tenaga kerja sehingga berpengaruh pada biaya total proyek. Untuk mengetahui hal ini perlu dipelajari tentang jaringan kerja yang ada serta hubungan antara waktu dan biaya. Hal tersebut disebut sebagai analisis pertukaran waktu dan biaya (Time Cost Off Trade). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk analisis percepatan penyelesaian proyek dengan penambahan jam kerja, menambah tenaga ahli, dan menambah peralatan pekerjaan. Metode analisis yang akan digunakan yaitu metode pertukaran waktu dan biaya (time cost trade off). Tujuan dari metode ini adalah mempercepat waktu pelaksanaan proyek dan menganalisis pengaruh waktu dapat dipersingkat dengan penambahan biaya terhadap kegiatan yang bisa dipercepat kurun waktu pelaksanaannya sehingga dapat diketahui percepatan yang paling maksimum dan biaya yang paling minimum.
Assessment of AquaCrop Model on Potato Crop in Uruguay
Authors: Montoya F. , Vilaró F. , García C.
Published: December 2022

The potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a high important crop in Uruguay. The Southern region is the most important production area of potato there. It is considered that in this region, irrigation should be supplementary since summer rainfall rarely reach crop requirements. Irrigation management is a very important tool in order to produce high quantity and quality products, efficiently. The decision support system, such as AquaCrop, helps technicians to decide when and how much irrigation to apply Nevertheless, this model needs to be calibrated and validated with local data. The objective of the present work was to evaluate AquaCrop model through two potato irrigation trials. The experiments were conducted in Southern Uruguay. Two irrigation treatments were evaluated for potato crop (cv. Chieftain) in 2010-11 and four treatments in 2011-12 growing seasons (three irrigation treatments plus rainfed - without irrigation application). The maximum crop evapotranspiration was estimated by the Penman-Monteith equation (FAO-56) using meteorological data from an automatic weather station (Campbell Scientific). The soil site was a loam soil (Albolls soil). A completely randomized block design was used with four replications. Measurements of soil water content were taken once a week using TDR probes and the soil water potential was measured using tensiometers (0.15, 0.30, 0.45 and 0.60 soil depth). To evaluate AquaCrop model,actual yield crops vs simulated yields were used. Data from other experiments were used to parameterize AquaCrop, whose stress coefficient (for excess of water) was changed to reach successful simulations. Normalized root mean square error and index of agreement between simulated and observed yield was 11.8% and 0.96, respectively. Results of this study suggest that the use of AquaCrop model is possible in vegetable crops of Uruguay allowing to characterize required supplemental irrigation in this production systems.
Estimation of the Water Evaporation Intercepted by an Adult Plantation of Eucalyptus globulus in Uruguay
Authors: Alonso J. , Silveira L.
Published: December 2022

The interception of rainfall by vegetation cover is one of the main components of the water balance in forest systems. Forest usually have an increased evaporation of water from the canopy compared to short vegetation or annual crops, in the local conditions of wet climate this is mainly due to the high rate of evaporation from the wet canopy (interception) given by a greater storage capacity and the increased aerodynamic roughness of forests. According to results of the monitoring program on forest plantations carried out by the Universidad de la República, interception loss represents between 20 and 30% of the daily incident rainfall of medium events (40-20 mm/day), and between 10 and 18% of the daily incident rainfall of extreme events (90-60 mm/day). Rainfall interception modelling, based on the rainfall redistribution process in forest plantations, is very sensitive to the estimation of the evaporation of water retained in the canopy and thus, to the estimation of the aerodynamic resistance. In most interception models the aerodynamic resistance is determined from the roughness length for momentum transfer; Lankreijer et al. (1993) suggest a more general formulation considering heat transfer. In this study the Gash interception model was implemented with the objective to analyse the model sensitivity to the roughness length for momentum and heat transfer. The modified version of Gash model was calibrated and validated using field measures of interception from a Eucaliptus globulus experimental plot located in the northwestern region of Uruguay. The simulation period was from August 2006 to April 2014. Over 400 rainfall events with complete meteorological measurements were compared with the simulated values. The results show improvements of the interception model by the introduction of the general formulation tested, which is considered most appropriate in the local climate conditions.