bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of new immobilized N-chloro-sulfonamides and release of active chlorine from them
Authors: Murashevych Bohdan , Toropin Volodymyr , Stepanskyi Dmytro , Maslak Hanna , Burmistrov Kostyantyn , Kotok Valerii , Kovalenko Vadym
Published: July 2021

A method has been developed for the synthesis of granular polymeric materials with immobilized N-chloro-sulfonamide groups. Commercially available resin polymers widely applied for the preparation of ion exchangers have been used as polymer carriers. The elaborated technological conditions make it possible to modify these resins with a high conversion degree, without deteriorating the strength characteristics, and with the possibility of regulating the concentration of active chlorine over a wide range (up to 11 % w/w). The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by IR spectroscopy data. To determine the concentration of functional groups, a special method of iodometric titration has been developed. The processes of emission of active chlorine from synthesized polymers into aqueous solutions have been studied. It has been shown that this process significantly depends on the composition of the solution: no release of active chlorine into distilled water is observed, and when using tap water, its concentration is reached 5–8 mg/dm3 and remains up to 30 days when the granules are in water. The processes of activation of active chlorine emission by compounds of amine nature have been studied, the corresponding kinetic curves of the dependence between change in the concentration of active chlorine in solution and the used activator are presented. It has been found that the nature of the used activator strongly affects, among other things, the stability of the obtained chlorine-active solutions. Taurine and sulfamic acid are found to be the optimal activators for obtaining stable solutions of active chlorine of high concentration. The composition of the N-chloro-taurin solution obtained in this way has been additionally analyzed by UV spectroscopy. Thus, the synthesized polymers make it possible to quickly in situ obtain high-purity solutions of active chlorine without the use of special electrochemical equipment. The polymers themselves are compact, stable, and can be repeatedly regenerated
Modeling acidizing of carbonate formations with different reservoir properties
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Dorfman Mikhail
Published: July 2021

Introduction. The efficiency of matrix acidizing of the bottom-hole formation zone depends on many factors, the chief being the reservoir properties. The research aim is to assess the effect produced by the formation reservoir properties on the result of hydrochloric acid treatment. Experiments simulating carbonate formation acid treatment were carried out. Methods. The experiments were carried out using the UIK-1 core analysis apparatus. Carbonate cores with different porosity and permeability were selected. Some of the experiments modeled permeability reduction as a result of bottom-hole formation zone contamination with drilling mud. Results. The research has shown that during low permeability reservoirs acidizing, permeability increases to a greater extent than during high permeability cores acidizing. In low permeability cores, the acid solution mainly forms new channels, while in high permeability cores the expansion of existing ones mainly occurs. In the present paper, the equivalent surface area of the acid-formed channels was estimated. When acidizing low permeability cores, the equivalent area of the channels is larger than when acidizing high permeability cores. The outcome of acidizing of the core samples with impaired porosity and permeability and contaminated with model drilling mud is comparable to acidizing of low permeability samples not contaminated with drilling mud. Conclusions. Acidizing of low permeability reservoirs leads to a greater increase in permeability. The equivalent area of acid-formed channels is larger than that of high permeability cores treatment. This reveals that the impact of acid on low permeability reservoirs is more effective.
Features of earthquake epicenters and mineral deposits spatial relationship in the Urals
Authors:   Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Guliaev Aleksandr
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Recent Ural mountain belt is an N-S Paleozoic orogen rejuvenated in the NeogeneQuaternary period. It separates the East European plate located to the west of it and the West Siberian plate located to the east of it. The Uralian orogeny presumably occurred at the Paleozoic time as a result 36 "Izvestiya vysshikh uchebnykh zavedenii. Gornyi zhurnal". No. 4. 2021 ISSN 0536-1028 of these plates interaction, which affected the geologic structure of the region. In the modern era, low tectonic activity in the bowels of the Urals continues supported by rare tangible earthquakes with a magnitude from 2.0–3.0 to 5.0–5.5, 3.0 – 3.5 on the average, and the intensity in the epicenter from 3.0–4.0 to 5.0–6.0 on MSK-64 scale. Research aim is to analyze the spatial relationship of sensible earthquakes epicenters and mineral deposits in the Urals. Research methodology included estimating the position of Ural earthquakes epicenters and mineral deposits relative to the geologic and tectonic structures of Paleozoic time, recent epoch, and the modern era. Research results. Most earthquake epicenters in the Urals are concentrated within the western part of the Uralian Orogeny to the west of the Main Uralian Fault (MUF), while most mineral deposits, especially ore deposits, are concentrated within the eastern part of the Uralian orogeny to the east of MUF. In the axial zone of MUF, earthquake epicenters are close and sometimes coincide. Consequently, the processes of ore deposits and earthquake foci formation are of a similar nature
Choosing a strategy for mining equipment repair service
Authors:   Institute of Mining UB RAS, Andreeva Liudmila
Published: July 2021

Relevance. The traditional practice of increasing production efficiency with a focus on technical reequipment and increase in the unit capacity of the equipment in operation, carried out without proper changes in the organization of production and for equipment repair service strategy leads to inefficient use of resources and loss of working time, which in turn affects the volume of output of the final product. Research aim is to select the optimal combination of planning strategies for mining equipment repair service. Research methodology includes the methods of structural and functional analysis, scientific generalization, and production experiment. Results. The advantages and disadvantages of planning repairs in the traditional system of planned preventive repairs and maintenance system based on technical diagnostics are presented. The main reasons for the increase in the number of emergency repairs are identified. The main components of effective preparation of repair impacts and methods for calculating the repair cycle on the example of an excavator fleet are given. The results obtained when considering the choice of strategy at one of the mining enterprises in the Urals are presented. Conclusions. To ensure the high performance of mining machinery and equipment during its operation, the effect can be obtained only by using the strategy of “condition-based” repair service with the use of technical diagnostics, condition monitoring of each unit, and repair actions planning that prevent sudden equipment failure.
Learning strategies in primary school-age students
Authors: Kalebić Jakupčević Katija , Vučković Zrinka , Reić Ercegovac Ina
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between personality traits, motivation and learning strategies of primary school students. A total of 193 students filled out Personality Traits Questionnaire for Children, Goal Orientations Questionnaaire and The Learning Strategies Questionnaire. Results showed that male students, compared to female students, were more inclined to goals aimed at others and non-academic goals. Female students, compared to male students, used meta-cognitive control and deep processing more often. Younger students rated goals aimed at themselves and others more important, and used all three types of learning strategies more often. Regression analyses showed that both personality traits and students’ goal orientations significantly contributed to all of the learning strategies variance. Conscientiousness and emotional stability were the most important predictors among Big five personality traits. Self-oriented goals were significant predictors of metacognitive control and deep processing, while goals oriented at others significantly predicted surface processing.
Targeting Abnormal PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling in Intracerebral Hemorrhage:
A Systematic Review on Potential Drug Targets and Influences
of Signaling Modulators on Other Neurological Disorders
Authors: Mehan Sidharth , Jadaun Kuldeep Singh , Sharma Aarti , Siddiqui Ehraz Mehmood
Published: July 2021

:

PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin)
signaling pathway is an important signal transduction pathway mediated by enzyme-linked
receptors with many biological functions in mammals. This pathway modulates the epigenetic modification
of DNA and target gene histones and plays a significant role in regulating biological activity,
disease progression, oncogenesis, and cancer progression. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway involves
and mediates many cellular processes such as nutrient uptake, proliferation, anabolic reactions,
and cell survival. Several studies have shown that PI3K/AKT/mTOR has been a promising therapeutic
approach to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). ICH is characterized by the progressive development of
hematoma, which leads to the structural destabilization of the neurons and glial cells, leading to neuronal
deformation, further contributing to mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane depolarization, oligaemia,
and neurotransmitter imbalance. Partial suppression of cell metabolism and necrosis can occur,
depending on the degree of mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore in the following review, we discuss
whether or not the activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway could minimize neuronal
dysfunction following ICH. We further elaborate the review by discussing the updated pathophysiology
of brain hemorrhage and the role of molecular targets in other neurodegenerative diseases.
This review provides current approachable disease treatment in various disease states, single and dual
PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway modulators.
Biological Importance, Therapeutic Benefit and Analytical Aspects of Bioactive Flavonoid Pectolinarin in the Nature
Authors: Patel Dinesh K.
Published: July 2021

Backgrounds:

Plants and their derived products have been used in the traditional system
of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human disorders since very ancient times. In the
traditional system of medicine and modern allopathic medicine, numerous phytoconstituents have
been used for the preparation of various types of formulation. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are
the main active phytoconstituents of plants, fruit, vegetables and beverages. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals
are more referred as “nutraceuticals” due to their important pharmacological activities
in the mammalian body.

Methods:

In order to understand the beneficial health effects of flavonoidal class chemical, the present
work summarized the health beneficial aspects of pectolinarin. Present work summarized the
medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of pectolinarin with various
experimental models and advance analytical methods. However, all the collected scientific information’s
have been analyzed in the present work for their health beneficial potential.

Results:

From the analysis of all the collected scientific information in the present work, it was
found that pectolinarin is an important phytochemical present in numerous medicinal plants but especially
found in Cirsium japonicum, which is an important medicinal herb of Korea, China and Japan.
Pharmacological activities data analysis signified the health beneficial potential of pectolinarin
for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic,
anti-tumor, anti-dengue, antiviral, neuroprotective and antidepressant activity. However, the effectiveness
of pectolinarin in central nervous system, bone, liver and cancerous disorders have
been also reported in the literature. Analysis of present scientific information revealed the health
beneficial potential of pectolinarin in modern medicine due to their numerous pharmacological activities
in different parts of biological systems. Due to their biological importance in food and human
health, a better understanding of their biological activities indicates their potentials as therapeutic
agents.

Conclusion:

Scientific data of the present work signified the biological potential and therapeutic
benefit of pectolinarin.
DOES RAIL TRANSPORT IMPACT HOUSE PRICES AND RENTS?
Authors: Abdullah Suhaimi Nursyazwani , Adi Maimun Nurul Hana , Sa'at Nurul Fazira
Published: July 2021

Rail transport is one of the factors that boost economic growth. Increased accessibility while saving travel costs and time offered by rail transport attracts foreign and local investments, which lead to increased house prices and rents. Nonetheless, it is argued that noise pollution coming from rail transport may also reduce house prices and rents because these areas are less desirable for occupation and investment. Hence, this research aims to establish rail transport’s impact on house prices and rents through a critical review of the literature. An overview of previous studies shows that house prices and rents are significantly influenced by proximity to rail transports. This indicates that proximity to rail transports is accounted for when making house purchase and rent decisions. Thus, property valuers, planners, and developers should consider rail transport location in planning, developing, and valuing properties.
Understanding Mental Health App Use Among Community College Students: Web-Based Survey Study
Authors: Borghouts Judith , Eikey Elizabeth V , Mark Gloria , De Leon Cinthia , Schueller Stephen M , Schneider Margaret , Stadnick Nicole , Zheng Kai , Mukamel Dana B , Sorkin Dara H
Published: July 2021

Background

Mental health concerns are a significant issue among community college students, who often have less access to resources than traditional university college students. Mobile apps have the potential to increase access to mental health care, but there has been little research investigating factors associated with mental health app use within the community college population.

Objective

This study aimed to understand facilitators of and barriers to mental health app use among community college students.

Methods

A web-based survey was administered to a randomly selected sample of 500 community college students from April 16 to June 30, 2020. Structural equation modeling was used to test the relationships between the use of mental health apps, perceived stress, perceived need to seek help for mental health concerns, perceived stigma, past use of professional mental health services, privacy concerns, and social influence of other people in using mental health apps.

Results

Of the 500 participants, 106 (21.2%) reported use of mental health apps. Perceived stress, perceived need to seek help, past use of professional services, and social influence were positively associated with mental health app use. Furthermore, the effect of stress was mediated by a perceived need to seek help. Privacy concerns were negatively associated with mental health app use. Stigma, age, and gender did not have a statistically significant effect.

Conclusions

These findings can inform development of new digital interventions and appropriate outreach strategies to engage community college students in using mental health apps.
Podcasts for the Delivery of Medical Education and Remote Learning
Authors: Newman Julliana , Liew Andrew , Bowles Jon , Soady Kelly , Inglis Steven
Published: July 2021

Podcasts are increasingly being recognized as an effective platform to facilitate the continuous professional development (CPD) of health care professionals (HCPs). Compared with face-to-face meetings and other more traditional forms of CPD, podcasts allow for flexible learning and are less expensive to develop. Podcasts are at the cutting edge of digital education and can be an important element of a pharmaceutical company’s multichannel communications plan to improve HCP engagement and CPD in specific therapy areas. However, developing a successful podcast can have significant challenges. In this viewpoint paper, we provide our perspectives on medical podcasts as a medium for educating HCPs in the digital age. We describe our experience in developing an HIV-focused podcast for Australian HCPs, creating a series that has now expanded to other therapy areas in several countries. Practical considerations and unique challenges associated with industry-sponsored podcasts are outlined. Overall, we believe that the process of developing a podcast can be a challenging but rewarding experience, and CPD delivered via podcasting should be more routinely considered by pharmaceutical companies.
Global Burden of Skin Disease Representation in the Literature: Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Pulsipher Kayd J , Szeto Mindy D , Rundle Chandler W , Presley Colby L , Laughter Melissa R , Dellavalle Robert P
Published: July 2021

Background

The global burden of skin disease may be reduced through research efforts focused on skin diseases with the highest reported disability-adjusted life years.

Objective

This study evaluates the representation of dermatologic conditions comprising the highest disability-adjusted life years in dermatology literature to identify areas that could benefit from greater research focus.

Methods

The top 10 skin disorders according to their respective disability-adjusted life years as per the 2013 Global Burden of Disease were identified using previous studies. The top 5 dermatology journals ranked by the 2019 h-index were also identified. A PubMed search of each journal was performed using individual skin disease terms. From 2015 to 2020, all indexed publications pertaining to each disease were recorded and compared to the total number of publications for each journal surveyed.

Results

A total of 19,727 papers were published in the 5 journals over the span of 2015-2020. Although melanoma ranked as the eighth highest in disability-adjusted life years, it had the highest representation in the literature (1995/19,727, 10.11%). Melanoma was followed in representation by psoriasis (1936/19,727, 9.81%) and dermatitis (1927/19,727, 9.77%). These 3 conditions comprised a total of 29.69% (5858/19,727) of the total publications, while the remaining 7 skin conditions were represented by a combined 6.79% (1341/19,727) of the total publications.

Conclusions

This research identifies gaps in the literature related to the top skin diseases contributing to the global burden of disease. Our study provides insight into future opportunities of focused research on less-studied skin diseases to potentially aid in reducing the global burden of skin disease.
Writing Practices Associated With Electronic Progress Notes and the Preferences of Those Who Read Them: Descriptive Study
Authors: Payne Thomas H , Keller Carolyn , Arora Pallavi , Brusati Allison , Levin Jesse , Salgaonkar Monica , Li Xi , Zech Jennifer , Lees A Fischer
Published: July 2021

Background

Hospital progress notes can serve as an important communication tool. However, they are criticized for their length, preserved content, and for the time physicians spend writing them.

Objective

We aimed to describe hospital progress note content, writing and reading practices, and the preferences of those who create and read them prior to the implementation of a new electronic health record system.

Methods

Using a sample of hospital progress notes from 1000 randomly selected admissions, we measured note length, similarity of content in successive daily notes for the same patient, the time notes were signed and read, and who read them. We conducted focus group sessions with note writers, readers, and clinical leaders to understand their preferences.

Results

We analyzed 4938 inpatient progress notes from 418 authors. The average length was 886 words, and most were in the Assessment & Plan note section. A total of 29% of notes (n=1432) were signed after 4 PM. Notes signed later in the day were read less often. Notes were highly similar from one day to the next, and 26% (23/88) had clinical risk associated with the preserved content. Note content of the highest value varied according to the reader’s professional role.

Conclusions

Progress note length varied widely. Notes were often signed late in the day when they were read less often and were highly similar to the note from the previous day. Measuring note length, signing time, when and by whom notes are read, and the amount and safety of preserved content will be useful metrics for measuring how the new electronic health record system is used, and can aid improvements.
A free, open-source, offline digital health system for refugee care (Preprint)
Authors: Ashworth Henry , Ebrahim Senan , Bhaiwala Zahra , Ebrahim Hassaan , Chilazi Michael
Published: July 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Editorial
Public People are not able to evaluate Arabic YouTube videos of breast self-examination: a cross-sectional study (Preprint)
Authors: AL-Manaseer Balqees , AlRyalat Saif Aldeen Saleh
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

YouTube, is the second most used website, globally. The Arabic language is the sixth spoken language in the world. The incidence rate of breast cancer is the highest rate among other cancers, in Arabic countries.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective is to assess the ability of the public people to evaluate Arabic YouTube videos about breast self-examination (BSE).

METHODS

It is a cross-sectional study. We searched YouTube, using the literal Arabic translation of "breast cancer self-examination" and "breast self-examination", on 6/Jan/2021 and 8/Jan/2021, to get a total of 848 videos. No filter was used. We analyzed the characteristics of video, speaker, and title. Kruskal Wallis and ANOVA tests were used to compare two groups of the included videos; high and low viewing rate videos.

RESULTS

We got 323 videos to be included. The scientific score was statistically significant between the two groups of viewing rate (P=.011). A significant correlation was between scientific score and viewing rate, (P=.015), correlation is positive, with a correlation coefficient of 0.096. The use of supporting mages/materials is a positive prediction for the scientific score (P <.001, regression coefficient: 1.887), while the video power index is a negative prediction (P=.047, regression coefficient: -0.17). Days since the upload of the videos is a positive prediction for the viewing rate (P=.007, regression coefficient: 0.015).

CONCLUSIONS

The viewers interacted more with the low scientific score Arabic BSE videos. The recommended characteristics of health-related videos to support them by materials and upload it on a channel with a high number of subscribers.
User Experiences With an SMS Text Messaging Program for Smoking Cessation: Qualitative Study (Preprint)
Authors: Budenz Alexandra , Coa Kisha , Grenen Emily , Keefe Brian , Sanders Amy , Wiseman Kara P , Roditis Maria
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Mobile health strategies for smoking cessation (eg, SMS text messaging–based interventions) have been shown to be effective in helping smokers quit. However, further research is needed to better understand user experiences with these platforms.

OBJECTIVE

This qualitative study aims to explore the experiences of real-world users of a publicly available smoking cessation program (SmokefreeTXT).

METHODS

Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 36 SmokefreeTXT users between March and July 2014. Of these 36 participants, 50% (18/36) of participants completed the SmokefreeTXT program (ie, did not opt out of the program before the 6- to 8-week completion period), and 50% (18/36) did not complete the program (ie, requested to opt out of the program before the completion period). Interview questions focused on smoking behaviors, quitting history, opinions on the program’s content and structure, answering assessment questions, using keywords, reasons for opting out, and perceived usefulness of the program for quitting smoking. A thematic content analysis was conducted, with a focus on themes to increase program engagement and optimization.

RESULTS

The findings highlighted features of the program that participants found beneficial, as well as some elements that showed opportunities for improvement to boost program retention and successful cessation. Specifically, most participants found the SmokefreeTXT program to be convenient and supportive of cessation; however, some found the messages to be repetitive and reported a desire for more flexibility based on their readiness to quit and cessation progress. We also found that program completion did not necessarily indicate successful smoking cessation and that program opt out, which might be interpreted as a less positive outcome, may occur because of successful cessation. Finally, several participants reported using SmokefreeTXT together with other evidence-based cessation methods or non–evidence-based strategies.

CONCLUSIONS

Qualitative interviews with real-world SmokefreeTXT users showed high program acceptability, engagement with program features, and perceived utility for smoking cessation. Our findings directly informed several program updates, such as adding an adaptive quit date feature and offering supplemental information on live support services for users who prefer human interaction during the cessation process. The study has implications for other digital tobacco cessation interventions and highlights important topics that warrant future research, such as the relationship between program engagement (eg, opt out and retention) and successful cessation.
Assessment of Entrustable Professional Activities Using a Web-Based Simulation Platform During Transition to Emergency Medicine Residency: Mixed Methods Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Peng Cynthia R , Schertzer Kimberly A , Caretta-Weyer Holly A , Sebok-Syer Stefanie S , Lu William , Tansomboon Charissa , Gisondi Michael A
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

The 13 core entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are key competency-based learning outcomes in the transition from undergraduate to graduate medical education in the United States. Five of these EPAs (EPA2: prioritizing differentials, EPA3: recommending and interpreting tests, EPA4: entering orders and prescriptions, EPA5: documenting clinical encounters, and EPA10: recognizing urgent and emergent conditions) are uniquely suited for web-based assessment.

OBJECTIVE

In this pilot study, we created cases on a web-based simulation platform for the diagnostic assessment of these EPAs and examined the feasibility and acceptability of the platform.

METHODS

Four simulation cases underwent 3 rounds of consensus panels and pilot testing. Incoming emergency medicine interns (N=15) completed all cases. A maximum of 4 “look for” statements, which encompassed specific EPAs, were generated for each participant: (1) performing harmful or missing actions, (2) narrowing differential or wrong final diagnosis, (3) errors in documentation, and (4) lack of recognition and stabilization of urgent diagnoses. Finally, we interviewed a sample of interns (n=5) and residency leadership (n=5) and analyzed the responses using thematic analysis.

RESULTS

All participants had at least one missing critical action, and 40% (6/15) of the participants performed at least one harmful action across all 4 cases. The final diagnosis was not included in the differential diagnosis in more than half of the assessments (8/15, 54%). Other errors included selecting incorrect documentation passages (6/15, 40%) and indiscriminately applying oxygen (9/15, 60%). The interview themes included psychological safety of the interface, ability to assess learning, and fidelity of cases. The most valuable feature cited was the ability to place orders in a realistic electronic medical record interface.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of a web-based platform for diagnostic assessment of specific EPAs. The approach rapidly identifies potential areas of concern for incoming interns using an asynchronous format, provides feedback in a manner appreciated by residency leadership, and informs individualized learning plans.
Language as a Value in a Pragmatic World: Global and National Approach
Authors: Druviete Ina
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the perception of language and languages in the economy-oriented contemporary world and its specific features in such language-centered countries as Latvia. Two main levels could be discussed concerning the ‘intellectual’, ‘symbolic’ and practical treatment of language: a global (supra-national) and a national one. In majority of countries special laws have been adopted or national level programs have been enacted in order to protect the most significant elements of respective national identities – folklore, traditional ways of life, beliefs and languages in particular. At the beginning of the 21st century, economic and political goals of the European Union have been associated with the ideas of European culture and European identity. At the same time, the popularization of the languages, histories, and traditions of the member states have also been emphasized. The Republic of Latvia belongs to the countries where the diversity of thoughts and viewpoints on language are ever present and intense in both the political debates and even in many informal conversations. The paper gives an insight in Latvian language policy against the background of global and European sociolinguistic processes and wide usage of so-called international languages, English in particular.
The Latvian Translation Scene at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Veisbergs Andrejs
Published: July 2021

The first decade of the 20th century was a period of huge advances and expansion in the Latvian translation scene. New, contemporary authors’ works became available to Latvian readers. The Latvian readership was consciously being integrated into general European literary trends. It was also a heyday of periodicals that published numerous translations, including numerous novels. There are countless parallel translations even reaching double digits. Translations included various genres and the traditional Latvian interest in plays was obvious. German was gradually losing its dominant positions as both a source and intermediate language, Russian was advancing. This period also saw a change of generations among translators, and with the new generation women became visible in translation scene. Practically all Latvian writers were also active translators. The translation method changed from localisation to a fidelity mode with a tendency towards foreignisation. Frequently translations now had prefaces and explanations by the translators. Translated literature now ranged from serious classical works to modern ones and from pulp literature to high quality creations. The quality of translations was also very varied. T he expansion of translation and the cultivation of new domains went hand in hand with the development of the Latvian language itself.
Imagens da Amazônia na arte brasileira: do território a conquistar ao território a resistir
Authors: Vieira Costa Gil
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho busca discutir sobre as imagens da Amazônia em obras de artistas visuais do campo artístico especializado no Brasil, desde o início do século 20 aos dias atuais. A base teórico-metodológica transita entre a história social da arte e a antropologia da imagem. As imagens e obras são mostradas em seus vínculos com ideologias políticas e estéticas sobre a Amazônia, desde a formulação do discurso de “conquista da região”, passando pelas várias formulações de “identidades amazônicas” baseadas nas paisagens naturais e humanas, até a construção do discurso da necessidade de resistência cultural e política à ocidentalização.
RESPONSABILIDADES DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA PARA COM O “TEMPO DO INÚTIL”: UMA NECESSIDADE DE NOSSO TEMPO
Authors: Rezer Ricardo , Cunha António Camilo
Published: July 2021

Este ensaio tem como objetivo refletir sobre a Educação Física (EF) escolar como campo do conhecimento com responsabilidades de propor uma formação para o “tempo do inútil”. Ao longo do texto, procuramos demonstrar que, em tempos de crise, utilitarismos e imediatismos, reconhecer a importância de uma formação para o “tempo do inútil” representaria uma virada paradigmática para a EF, especialmente no contexto escolar.
APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA: UMA ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE 1996-2019
Authors: Andrade Leonardo Carlos de , Furtado Roberto Pereira
Published: July 2021

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a produção do conhecimento no Brasil sobre o tema pedagogia histórico-crítica e Educação Física, em um recorte temporal de 1996 a 2019. Identificamos 163 produções, das quais extraímos os seguintes aspectos: 1) Saltos quantitativos na produção do conhecimento; 2) O debate no interior de eventos científicos; 3) Instituições e regiões mais prolíficas; 4) Principais orientadores de teses e dissertações; 5) Obras/autores mais citados; 6) Relações entre os autores. Identificamos que, após 2012, a produção aumentou progressivamente, porém as relações de cooperação são restritas. Concluímos que, apesar dos avanços recentes, novos laços e parcerias devem ser edificados para a construção coletiva da Educação Física à luz desta teoria pedagógica.
Validation of the Broselow tape in Korean children using data from a nationwide anthropometric survey: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Suh Dongbum , Park Jungho , Kwak Young Ho , Kim Do Kyun , Jung Jae Yun , Lee Jin Hee , Jang Hye Young , Kim Hahn Bom , Hong Ki Jeong
Published: July 2021

Purpose: In Korea, the Broselow tape (BT) is widely used to estimate weight in resuscitation. Validation of BT in Korean children is essential because the tool was developed based on children’s weight and height in the United States. The validation was previously performed in a small-scale dataset. The authors aimed to validate BT using the 2005 Korean nationwide anthropometric survey data.Methods: From the population used for the survey, we sampled children aged 0-12 years. The weights estimated by BT were compared with measured weights of the children using Bland-Altman analysis with results recorded as percentage differences. We measured the accuracy of BT, defined as within a 10% error of the measured weight, and the concordance of the color-coded zones derived from the estimated and measured weights. The accuracy and concordance were further assessed according to the age groups and body mass index-for-age Z-score (< -2, underweight; > 2, overweight or obese). Results: A total of 108,128 children were enrolled. The mean age was 55.2 ± 37.5 months. The bias was –5.4% (P < 0.001), and the limits of agreement were –28.3% and 17.6%, respectively. The accuracy and concordance of BT were 64.4% and 67.2%, respectively. Differences of no more than 1 color-coded zone between estimated and measured weights accounted for 89.8% and 84.1% of the under- and overweight (or obese) children, respectively.Conclusion: BT accurately estimates weight in approximately two-thirds of Korean children. In addition, adjustment of 1 color-coded zone may be considered in children with extreme weight.
The maintenance of standing genetic variation: gene flow versus selective neutrality in Atlantic stickleback fish
Authors: Haenel Quiterie , Guerard Laurent , MacColl Andrew , Berner Daniel
Published: July 2021

Adaptation to derived habitats often occurs from standing genetic
variation (SGV). The maintenance within ancestral populations of genetic
variants favorable in derived habitats is commonly ascribed to long-term
antagonism between purifying selection and gene flow resulting from
hybridization across habitats. A largely unexplored alternative idea
based on quantitative genetic models of polygenic adaptation is that
variants favored in derived habitats are neutral in ancestral
populations when their frequency is relatively low. To explore the
latter, we first identify genetic variants important to the adaptation
of threespine stickleback fish to a rare derived habitat –
nutrient-depleted acidic lakes – based on whole-genome sequence data.
Sequencing marine stickleback from six locations across the Atlantic
ocean then allows us to infer that the frequency of these derived
variants in the ancestral habitat is unrelated to the likely opportunity
for gene flow of these variants from acidic-adapted populations. This
result is consistent with the selective neutrality of derived variants
within the ancestor. Our study thus supports an underappreciated
explanation for the maintenance of SGV, and calls for a better
understanding of the fitness consequences of adaptive genetic variation
across habitats and genomic backgrounds.
Assessment of Prediction Methods for Protein Structures Determined by NMR in CASP14: Impact of AlphaFold2
Authors: Huang Yuanpeng Janet , Zhang Ning , Bersch Beate , Fidelis Krzysztof , Inouye Masayori , Ishida Yojiro , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Kobayashi Naohiro , Kuroda Yutaka , Liu Gaohua , LiWang Andy , Gurla Swapna , Wu Nan , Yamazaki Toshio , Montelione Gaetano
Published: July 2021

NMR studies can provide unique information about protein conformations
in solution. In CASP14, three reference structures provided by solution
NMR methods were available (T1027, T1029, and T1055), as well as a
fourth data set of NMR-derived contacts for a integral membrane protein
(T1088). For the three targets with NMR-based structures, the best
prediction results ranged from very good (GDT_TS = 0.90, for T1055) to
poor (GDT_TS = 0.47, for T1029). We explored the basis of these results
by comparing all CASP14 prediction models against experimental NMR data.
For T1027, the NMR data reveal extensive internal dynamics, presenting a
unique challenge for protein structure prediction. The analysis of T1029
motivated exploration of a novel method of “inverse structure
determination”, in which an AF2 model was used to guide NMR data
analysis. NMR data provided to CASP predictor groups for target T1088, a
238-residue integral membrane porin, was also used to assess several
NMR-assisted prediction methods. Most groups involved in this exercise
generated similar beta-barrel models, with good agreement with the
experimental data. However, as was also observed in CASP13, some pure
prediction groups that did not use the NMR data generated structures for
T1088 that better fit the NMR data than the models generated using these
experimental data. These results demonstrate the remarkable power of
modern methods to predict structures of proteins with accuracies
rivaling solution NMR structures, and that it is now possible to
reliably use prediction models to guide and complement experimental NMR
data analysis.
Microstructure and fracture mode of unalloyed dual-phase austempered ductile iron
Authors: Janjatovic Petar , Eric-Cekic Olivera , Rajnovic Dragan , Balos Sebastian , Grabulov Vencislav , Sidjanin Leposava
Published: July 2021

Dual-phase ADI material microstructure consists of different amounts and morphologies of ausferrite and free ferrite, obtained by subjecting ductile iron to specific heat treatment. Its strength is lower compared to comparable ADI materials but exhibits a higher ductility, the major disadvantage of ADI. In the current study, an unalloyed ductile iron was intercritical austenitized in two-phase regions (?+?) at four temperatures from 840 to 780 ?C for 2 h and austempered at 400 ?C for 1 h to obtain dual-phase ADI with different percentages of free ferrite and ausferrite. Light and scanning electron microscopy was performed for the metallographic and fracture studies, respectively. Microscopy results were correlated to tensile testing results. The results indicated that, as the amount of ausferrite present in the matrix increases, higher values of strength and lower ductility are obtained. The fracture surfaces of dual-phase ADI microstructures with 22.8% of ausferrite in their matrix have regions of quasi-cleavage fracture around last-to-freeze zones, related to the presence of ausferrite in those areas. The specimens with the highest values of ausferrite of 86.8% among the dual-phase microstructure have a dominant quasi-cleavage type of fracture.
Do Rewards Encourage Professional Skepticism? It Depends
Authors: Brazel Joseph F. , Leiby Justin , Schaefer Tammie J.
Published: July 2021

In three experiments, we find that rewarding professional skepticism can backfire and decrease skepticism on future audit tasks where red flags are present. We focus on rewards for costly skepticism: skepticism that is ex ante appropriate, but generates incremental ex post costs and does not identify a misstatement. Auditors interpret a reward for costly skepticism as a better-than-expected outcome and view subsequent tasks from a risk-averse gain frame. As a result, auditors seek to avoid the downside risk of skeptical action, which decreases auditors' sensitivity to red flags and their willingness to communicate severe red flags to their managers, compromising audit quality. However, we also find that a supervisor consistently rewarding costly skepticism decreases auditors' risk aversion and increases their skepticism. In sum, auditors believe skeptical action has downside risk. A cultural shift toward credible, consistent rewards for appropriate skepticism likely helps ensure that rewards have their intended effect.

Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Fractures and Osteoporosis in Patients With Diabetes With Charcot Foot
Authors: Rabe Oliver Christian , Winther-Jensen Matilde , Allin Kristine Højgaard , Svendsen Ole Lander
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Charcot foot is a serious complication of diabetes, with degeneration of the bones and joints in the foot and ankle. It is unknown whether patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate whether patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of fracture and/or osteoporosis compared with patients with diabetes without Charcot foot.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A Danish register-based, nationwide population-based matched cohort study was conducted. During 1995–2018, we identified 1,602 patients with diabetes with Charcot foot and matched them on sex and date of diagnosis of diabetes with 16,296 patients with diabetes without Charcot foot. We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for fracture and osteoporosis. Information about exposure, outcome, and comorbidities was retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register.

RESULTS

Diabetes patients with Charcot foot had higher risk of fractures compared with those without Charcot foot (i.e., ORs for any fracture, lower-leg fracture, foot fracture, and osteoporotic fracture were 1.8 [95% CI 1.6–2.0], 2.4 [2.0–2.8], 2.9 [2.6–3.3], and 1.3 [1.1–1.4], respectively). Furthermore, patients with diabetes with Charcot foot had higher risk of osteoporosis compared with the patients without Charcot foot, with an OR of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.5).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients with diabetes with a Charcot foot have an increased risk of fractures and osteoporosis compared with patients with diabetes without a Charcot foot.
Development of Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) Test Instruments based on Wondershare Quiz Creator
Authors:   Universitas Jember, Kalimantan Street No. 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, Jawa Timur, 68121, Indonesia, Apriliana Amesa Putri M. Devi , Maryani Maryani ,   Universitas Jember, Kalimantan Street No. 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, Jawa Timur, 68121, Indonesia, Dwi Aristya Putra Pramudya ,   Universitas Jember, Kalimantan Street No. 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, Jawa Timur, 68121, Indonesia
Published: July 2021

Critical thinking students can be improved by making questions in the test instrument categorized as Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS), because students are given HOTS category questions, it will train students in high-level problem-solving. This research develops a test instrument in the category of Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) based on Wondershare Quiz Creator because it can train students to use the development of Science and Technology. The purpose of this development research to developing a test instrument based on Wondershare Quiz Creator to know the completeness of student learning outcomes and the critical thinking of students. This research used Research and Development (R & D) type and the sample as many as 35 students of XII MIPA 4 in SMAN 1 Tanggul. This design research used Plomp and Nieveen’s development style. Product testing is carried out online using the test instrument software that has been developed. The test instrument developed was declared valid and could be used in learning, from 35 students, there are 5 students who have completed their learning outcomes, and there are 2students who have very high critical thinking skills. Keywords: Completeness learning outcomes, Critical thinking skills, Higher Order Thinking Skill (HOTS), Test instrument
Institutional factors creating labor market in Poland: the case of social capital
Authors: Grabowska-Powaga Aleksandra , Kamińska Monika
Published: July 2021

Motivation: Labor market in Poland has been affected by many institutional factors. One of them is social capital, which can be an advantage for its development It influences the ability among the market entities to cooperate with each other and to create their competitiveness on the market. The lack of social capital causes many disadvantages like the lack of ability to cooperate between different actors. That is why strong social capital is a challenge to build long term relations on the labor market. Low social capital or its lack is a barrier in country?s development, weakens the markets, makes the markets impossible to improve in quality. On the basis of the above premises the main hypothesis of the paper claims, that the main barrier which limits the ability among different actors to create social capital on labor market in Poland is low level of trust to each other.
Aim: The main cognitive aim of this article is to describe the conducted primary research and identify determinants, especially threats and barriers on labor market in Poland in the points of views of different participants who take part in interactions with the other actors on the labor market (entrepreneurs, employees, employers).
Materials and methods: The research had a character of preliminary study. The main research methods used in this article include desk research and primary research with Individual In-Depth Interviews (IDI method) which were conducted among Polish entrepreneurs from March till June 2018 and from October till January 2019.
Results: The Respondents, who took part in the research underlined the importance of cooperation and social capital, but they also mentioned about barriers which reduce the level of cooperation and ability to create social capital.