bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rule Study on the Risk of Floor Water Inrush Based on the Plate Model Theory
Authors: Liu Hao , Li Xiaoquan , Liu Xiaoyan , Sun Yunjie , Yang Zhiwen , Zhong Yuankun
Published: May 2023

In order to mitigate the potential issue of abrupt water inrush in coal mining operations, the elastic-plastic mechanics theory was employed to simplify the water barrier of the floor strata into a thin rectangular plate. Subsequently, a fluid-solid coupling damage model was designed through the utilization of COMSOL Multiphysics software to investigate the coupled seepage and damage effects of the rock mass in an equivalent continuous medium. The results indicate that (1) the analysis of the theoretical equation of elastic mechanics shows that the fracture position of the four-sided clamped thin plate is in the center of the four sides, and the theoretical limit span and the theoretical limit water pressure formula are derived. (2) The damage factor is used to characterize the damaging effect of different mining distances and different pore water pressures on the rock mass of the floor aquiclude in the numerical simulation. It is found that the damage tends to the open-off cut and stop-mining line of the floor waterproof layer and the center position on both sides of the coal wall, and the stress is the most concentrated. (3) The results obtained by the two research methods are highly consistent, which provides a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of water in ground mining mines, so as to realize safe mining above the confined aquifer.
Ecological Balance of Agri-Food Supply Chains—The Case of the Industrial Tomato
Authors: Martella Angelo , La Porta Ilenia Maria , Nicastro Marco , Biagetti Elisa , Franco Silvio
Published: May 2023

Tomatoes are one of the major productions in Italy. One of the main cultivation areas is the southern plain of Capitanata (Puglia, Southern Italy). However, a series of impacts from cultivation to distribution are connected to this production. Different methodologies have been proposed to evaluate and quantify these impacts from the single product to the supply chain. This work proposes a methodology for assessing environmental sustainability, using the agri-food chain of industrial tomatoes in a specific area of Italy (Puglia) as a case study. The theoretical approach adopted refers to the paradigm of ecological economics, recalling the concept of strong sustainability through the conservation of natural capital and its non-replacement with economic capital. This condition can be assessed through the ecological balance tool by comparing the availability and use of natural capital in economic activities. The aim of this study was to understand the extent of the load generated on the environment, thus evaluating whether the carrying capacity of the agricultural system was able to support the environmental load of the entire supply chain. The results show an overall unsustainability of the entire supply chain with a value of EB = −1911.49 gha. The agricultural phase is the only one to present a positive value EB = +62.99 gha, which fails to compensate for the impacts of the transport (EB = −349.13) and industrial (EB = −1630.96) phases. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the sustainability of the tomato food chain using the ecological footprint method. In the agricultural sector, there is a constant search for tools capable of combining economic efficiency and environmental sustainability. In this sense, the ecological footprint methodology provides essential information that can be used by policymakers of different levels to define sustainable development strategies.
Galerkin Method for a Backward Problem of Time-Space Fractional Symmetric Diffusion Equation
Authors: Zhang Hongwu , Lv Yong
Published: May 2023

We investigate a backward problem of the time-space fractional symmetric diffusion equation with a source term, wherein the negative Laplace operator −Δ contained in the main equation belongs to the category of uniformly symmetric elliptic operators. The problem is ill-posed because the solution does not depend continuously on the measured data. In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of the solution and the conditional stability for the inverse problem are given and proven. Based on the least squares technique, we construct a Galerkin regularization method to overcome the ill-posedness of the considered problem. Under a priori and a posteriori selection rules for the regularization parameter, the Hölder-type convergence results of optimal order for the proposed method are derived. Meanwhile, we verify the regularized effect of our method by carrying out some numerical experiments where the initial value function is a smooth function or a non-smooth one. Numerical results show that this method works well in dealing with the backward problem of the time-space fractional parabolic equation.
Surface Pressure Calculation Method of Multi-Field Coupling Mechanism under the Action of Flow Field
Authors: Zhang Jinghui , Wei Sibei , Yue Peng , Kulik Anatoliy Stepanovich , Li Gun
Published: May 2023

At present, the majority of fluid mechanisms are multi-field coupling mechanisms, and their function is also achieved in the flow field. Therefore, calculating the aerodynamic characteristics of the multi-field coupling mechanism in a symmetric flow field is very important. However, at present, the strong coupling algorithm in the domain has the problems of low accuracy and computational efficiency, which make it more difficult to solve the coupling problem. This article obtains the vector potential of the law of conservation of momentum using the tensor analysis method in a Cartesian coordinate system. Meanwhile, the generalized operator of Navier–Stokes equations and the fundamental solution of the generalized operator are obtained on this basis. Then, this article proposes the boundary integral equation of the Navier–Stokes equations by combining the fundamental solution of the Laplace equation with generalized potential theory. Based on this boundary integral equation, this article has developed a new calculation method that can help achieve integral calculation without domains, greatly reducing the problem’s difficulty. Finally, by comparing the ellipsoid example solution with the experimental results, the algorithm’s reliability in solving the incompressible problem is verified.
Use of Botulinum Toxin as a Treatment of Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain Syndrome: A Randomized Trial
Authors: de Melo Carvalho Rocha Eduardo , Riberto Marcelo , da Ponte Barbosa Rodrigo , Geronimo Renan Miguel Porcini , Menezes-Junior Mauricio
Published: May 2023

Objective: The primary objective of this paper is to assess whether the use of 200 units of abobotulinum in the pectoralis major and subscapularis muscles modifies the pain complaint assessed using the visual analog scale in subjects with shoulder pain after the onset of spastic hemiplegia due to cerebrovascular disease when compared to the application of a placebo to the same muscles. Design: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial study in two different rehabilitation centers. Setting: Two distinct outpatient neurological rehabilitation services. Participants: Patients older than 18 years who were included presented upper limb spasticity resulting from ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke and a diagnosis of Painful Hemiplegic Shoulder Syndrome (PHSS) that was independent of motor dominance. Interventions: Patients were divided into two groups, one of them underwent the application of botulinum toxin (TXB-A) in the pectoralis major and subscapularis muscles, at a total dose of 400 U. Main Outcome Measure: Patients were assessed for a change in pain using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for at least 13 mm. Results: An improvement in pain and spasticity levels in both groups, more intense in the toxin group, but without statistical significance. The comparison between the groups showed a reduction in pain by VAS (p = 0.52). Conclusions: The use of botulinum toxin in the subscapularis and pectoralis major muscles resulted in a reduction in shoulder pain in spastic hemiplegic patients without statistical significance.
Current Hepatitis C Vaccine Candidates Based on the Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies
Authors: Gomez-Escobar Elsa , Roingeard Philippe , Beaumont Elodie
Published: May 2023

The introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized hepatitis C treatment. Short courses of treatment with these drugs are highly beneficial to patients, eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV) without adverse effects. However, this outstanding success is tempered by the continuing difficulty of eradicating the virus worldwide. Thus, access to an effective vaccine against HCV is strongly needed to reduce the burden of the disease and contribute to the elimination of viral hepatitis. The recent failure of a T-cell vaccine based on the use of viral vectors expressing the HCV non-structural protein sequences to prevent chronic hepatitis C in drug users has pointed out that the induction of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) will be essential in future vaccine candidates. To induce NAbs, vaccines must contain the main target of this type of antibody, the HCV envelope glycoproteins (E1 and E2). In this review, we summarize the structural regions in E1 and E2 proteins that are targeted by NAbs and how these proteins are presented in the vaccine candidates currently under development.
Transcriptome Profile Analysis Identifies Candidate Genes for the Melanin Pigmentation of Skin in Tengchong Snow Chickens
Authors: Zi Xiannian , Ge Xuehai , Zhu Yixuan , Liu Yong , Sun Dawei , Li Zijian , Liu Mengqian , You Zhengrong , Wang Bo , Kang Jiajia , Dou Tengfei , Ge Changrong , Wang Kun
Published: May 2023

Tengchong Snow chickens are one of the most precious, black-boned chickens in Yunnan province and usually produce black meat. However, we found a small number of white meat traits in the chicken population during feeding. In order to determine the pattern of melanin deposition and the molecular mechanism of formation in the Tengchong Snow chicken, we measured the luminance value (L value) and melanin content in the skin of black meat chickens (Bc) and white meat chickens (Wc) using a color colorimeter, ELISA kit, and enzyme marker. The results showed that the L value of skin tissues in black meat chickens was significantly lower than that of white meat chickens, and the L value of skin tissues gradually increased with an increase in age. The melanin content of skin tissues in black meat chickens was higher than that of white meat chickens, and melanin content in the skin tissues gradually decreased with an increase in age, but this difference was not significant (p > 0.05); the L value of skin tissues in black meat chickens was negatively correlated with melanin content, and the correlation coefficient was mostly above −0.6. In addition, based on the phenotypic results, we chose to perform the comparative transcriptome profiling of skin tissues at 90 days of age. We screened a total of 44 differential genes, of which 32 were upregulated and 12 were downregulated. These DEGs were mainly involved in melanogenesis, tyrosine metabolism and RNA transport. We identified TYR, DCT, and EDNRB2 as possible master effector genes for skin pigmentation in Tengchong Snow black meat chickens through DEGs analysis. Finally, we measured the mRNA of TYR, DCT, MC1R, EDNRB2, GPR143, MITF, and TYRP1 genes through a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and found that the mRNA of all the above seven genes decreased with increasing age. In conclusion, our study initially constructed an evaluation system for the black-boned traits of Tengchong Snow chickens and found key candidate genes regulating melanin deposition, which could provide an important theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of black-boned chickens.
The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait are promising objects of tourism development
Authors:   Graduate School of Management Russian Economic University. G. V. Plekhanova, Ionova Ya. E.
Published: May 2023

The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait are among the richest and most successful Arab countries, where the oil sector plays an important role and provides a high standard of living for the population. In addition, these countries are very successful in developing tourism.
Procrastinación académica en adolescentes de una institución educativa en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Portocarrero Delgado Elena , Fernández-Monge Lida Marlene
Published: May 2023

Los adolescentes en su escolaridad enfrentan distintos retos, que conllevan esfuerzo, dedicación y responsabilidad; sin embargo, aparece la procrastinación académica como un problema recurrente. El objetivo fue comparar las diferencias de la procrastinación académica en adolescentes de una institución educativa de Lima. La metodología fue cuantitativa, diseño descriptivo-comparativo, en muestra de 280 adolescentes de primero a quinto grado de secundaria, se aplicó la Escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA). Se obtuvo que un 32,5% muestran nivel alto de procrastinación, siendo las mujeres con mayor porcentaje. Además, los alumnos del cuarto grado alcanzaron nivel alto frente a los otros grados. Por último, no existe una relación significativa (p=0,219 > 0.05) al compararse con el sexo; pero, sí existe diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0,015) en torno al grado de estudios. Se concluye que la procrastinación académica no presenta diferencias a nivel de sexo, pero sí según el grado de estudio.
Satisfacción laboral: caso de estudio en el banco Guayaquil
Authors: Garate Andrade Walter Fernando , Orbe Guaraca Mariory Prisila
Published: May 2023

El trabajo es algo sustancial en la vida del ser humano para ejercer un rol productivo en la sociedad, supone una marca de identidad y de autoestima; además implica del esfuerzo la voluntad para generar bienes y servicios y está asociado a la dignidad humana y personal de cada colaborador que exterioriza una satisfacción que merece ser analizada. En este sentido el objetivo del estudio es determinar el nivel de satisfacción laboral de los empleados del Banco Guayaquil. Para ello, se realizó un estudio de alcance descriptivo, bajo un enfoque cuali-cuantitativo o mixto en una población de 14 empleados de dos agencias bancarias en la provincia del Cañar. Los resultados destacan un nivel alto de satisfacción por el trabajo que desempeñan y a partir de los mismos se propone un modelo en donde se evidencia varios factores a mejorar en la organización para alcanzar la satisfacción, como la autonomía, el salario motivacional, las relaciones interpersonales.
Initial Attempts on Spawning and Larval Rearing of the Blood Cockle, Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Philippines
Authors:   Institute of Aquaculture, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo, Philippines, MIRANDA DENISE VERGARA , FERRIOLS VICTOR MARCO EMMANUEL NUESTRO
Published: May 2023

Blood cockles, Tegillarca granosa (Linnaeus, 1758), were induced to spawn by temperature stimulation. Larval to spat rearing was accomplished in the hatchery facility of the Institute of Aquaculture of the University of the Philippines Visayas. The survival rate from day 1 larval stage to day 120 spat stage was 2.48 % (15,200) from the initial 614,100 eggs reared. The fertilised eggs (average size: 50.23 ± 5.18 µm in diameter) passed through the morula stage 5 h postfertilisation and reached the trochophore stage after 8 h. Day 1 D-shaped larvae (average size: 84.60 ± 3.90 µm length (l) and 66.36 ± 1.92 µm height (h)) transformed into umboned larvae by day 7. The majority of the larvae reached the advanced umbo stage by day 12 (average size: 204.52 ± 21.06 µm l and 178.24 ± 17.04 µm h). By day 20, loss of velum and foot development in larvae were observed, marking the beginning of the pediveliger stage. The growth of post-set larvae starting from the initial settling stage at day 30 (average size: 360.50 ± 52.10 µm l and 309.56 ± 34.56 µm h) to day 120 (average shell length: 3.870 ± 0.400 mm) was periodically monitored. Cockle spats had squarish shells with central elevation and visible radial ribs resembling the morphological characteristics of adult T. granosa. Only Isochrysis galbana Parke, 1949, was given as food for the cockles throughout the rearing activity. Further refining of larval and post-set rearing methodology is necessary for future mass production of cockle seeds in the Philippines.
Ação integralista em Minas Gerais: estudos e historiografia
Authors: Araújo Célia Cerqueira de , Oliveira Júnior Elias Maria de , Santana Emerson Nogueira , Pimenta Everton Fernando , Pereira George Rodrigues , Pimentel Guilherme Costa , Marques Ivan Teodoro , Sales José Roberto , Gonçalves Leandro Pereira , Silva Leandro Ratton Pires da , Palhares Lenir , Oliveira Márcio Tiago Rodrigues de , Faria Maria Auxiliadora , Corrêa Maurício de Castro , Macedo Rafael Velloso , Amancio Vanessa Aparecida Lobo , Grossi Yonne de Souza
Published: May 2023

O momento auge do integralismo, o fascismo brasileiro, foi nos anos 30, quando a Ação Integralista Brasileira passou a estar presente em todas as regiões do país. A iniciativa da presente obra se torna importante ao promover a reflexão da presença integralista em um dos principais focos de camisas-verdes: Minas Gerais. Com aproximadamente 180 cidades, o estado foi amplamente impactado pelo movimento de Plínio Salgado em diversas regiões. A presença do fascismo brasileiro despertou interesse de alguns pesquisadores, que buscaram reconhecer as particularidades do integralismo mineiro. Deste modo, ao voltar o olhar, especificamente, sobre a presença da AIB em Minas Gerais e contemplar os esforços empreendidos pelos pesquisadores que se dedicaram à sua análise, constata-se que, embora se tenha detectado um aumento do número de estudos, ainda assim, dada à grande extensão territorial do estado e à capilar presença integralista na terra das alterosas, fazem-se necessárias mais mãos para se propor um panorama mais fidedigno atinente às atividades dos camisas e blusas verdes mineiros. O livro proposto busca ser um manual de todos os estudos já realizados sobre o integralismo no estado.
La réforme régionale comme stratégie économique et politique
Authors: Cobbett William , Glaser Dary , Hindson Doug
Published: May 2023

South Africa's regional political economy : a critical analysis of reform strategy in the 1980's.

The authors develop a critical analysis of the emerging reformist regional strategy of the South African government. New controls on labour movement and settlements (termed «orderly urbanization»), regional development policies, through die creation of déconcentration points and industrial development points, and local and second tier of government reforms, are the three major components of this reform process. Subsequent constitutional changes are examined, together with the federal option, as it could be prefigured in the new organization of Natal/KwaZulu. The strategy is shown as a means of preventing profound changes in the distribution of power in the country.
Pagnes et politique
Authors: Ayina Egbomi
Published: May 2023

Le commerce des pagnes est une des activités principales du marché de Lomé. Le pagne, article commercial important économiquement et socialement, peut aussi s’utiliser comme vecteur de messages politiques et idéologiques. La création d’usines locales de textile réussira-t-elle à mire concurrence aux tissus importés ? Les revendeuses togolaises auront fort à faire pour modifier les goûté de leur clientèle.
Le refus de l’école : pouvoir d'une société civile bloquée ?
Authors: Lange Marie-France
Published: May 2023

En 1980, le taux 4e scolarisation était de 72 % et le Togo figurait alors parmi les pays les plus scolarisés de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. A la rentrée scolaire de 1981-1982, un phénomène inattendu, soudain et national se produit : pour la première fob dans l’histoire du système scolaire togolais, on observe dans tous les degrés d'enseignement et sur l’ensemble du territoire, une baisse des effectifs qui, en 1984-1985, n'atteindront plus que 52 %. Cette désaffection pour l'école est analysée comme la réponse des parents et des élèves eux-mêmes au blocage à peu près complet de l'embauche qui s'est faite à partir de 1980-1981 dans le secteur privé, puis dans le secteur public.
L’urgence comme politique
Authors: Hours Bernard
Published: May 2023

Là où elle s'affirme comme «politique de l’urgence», la médecine de l'urgence tombe souvent dans les travers de la politique-spectacle et signale un risque de régression de la santé publique. L'urgence généralisée augmente en effet l’incapacité des États et des populations à faire face à leurs problèmes et aggrave la dépendance.
Les villes prises d’assaut : les migrations internes
Authors: Achikbache Bahjat , Anglade Francis
Published: May 2023

Invaded cities : international migrations.

Demographic growth in Congo creates an urban migration of the youth, attracted towards schools and jobs. But the structure of the urban job market does not often allow them to fulfill their desire. Jobs have to be created in rural areas, but how ?
Le pasteur face aux contraintes de la vie quotidienne : l'exemple de l'Église évangélique du Cameroun.
Authors: Ouamba Fabien
Published: May 2023

La condition de vie du pasteur est étroitement liée à la société dans laquelle il exerce ses fonctions. Il peut être totalement pris en charge ou devoir subvenir à ses besoins. Dans les paroisses riches comme Douala le pasteur vit avec la communauté, dans d’autres il conserve une certaine liberté d’action, participe de la solidarité familiale. Ne devrait-il pas être libéré de toutes ces contraintes matérielles, avoir un statut social et juridique afin de se consacrer à son sacerdoce et bien assumer son rôle de prédicateur ?
L’argument matériel dans les Églises catholiques d’Afrique : le cas du Zimbabwe
Authors: Mbembe Achille J.
Published: May 2023

Au début des années 80, l’Église catholique du Zimbabwe bénéficiait de l’aide illimitée des agences de financement du développement. L’indépendance l’a privée de ce monopole. Tout en proclamant son objectif d’instaurer une société socialiste fondée sur le marxisme-leninisme, l’État s’évertue néanmoins à montrer qu’il n’y a pas de contradiction de fond entre christianisme et socialisme.
L’Afrique dans le jeu alimentaire mondial : fragile et perdante !
Authors: Chalmin Philippe
Published: May 2023

Africa in the international food game : fragil and losing !

What are continental Africa’s chances for success in the world’s food game ? Very small. What are Africa’s chances of selling the products for which it has comparative advantage at appropriate prices ? Very slim, in relation to the saturation of pratically every market. What are Africa’s choices ? Sorghum over cacao, reconquest of the domestic food market, and diversification of exportable resources.
L’État doit-il abandonner le commerce des vivres aux marchands ?
Authors: Grégoire Emmanuel
Published: May 2023

Les marchands haoussa du Niger, grâce à leur organisation en réseaux très structurés, interviennent dans le secteur des vivres au Sahel à différentes échelles et apparaissent désormais comme un substitut crédible aux organismes publics. S’en remettre toutefois à eux seuls pour réguler le marché paraît d’autant plus dangereux que le Niger est régulièrement touché par de graves crises alimentaires.
Le riz : politique des prix et relance de la production (Cameroun, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar et Sénégal).
Authors: Phélinas Pascale
Published: May 2023

Rice : price politics and production revival.

Price authenticity is one of the tenets of structural adjustment politics. The example of rice shows that this «real price» is very difficult to discern, perfect concurrence being non-existent. Therefore it is not surprising that the effectiveness of price politics depends upon numerous preconditions.
Nouvelle donne, nouvelle information
Authors: Minvielle Jean-paul
Published: May 2023

New deal, new information.

A global structural crisis, adjustment calls for reliable and organized information. The available data is unsuitable and not homogenous. The structuring of information lines, as is the realization of information systems, are means of responding to the challenge.
Peut-il y avoir des politiques d’autosuffisance alimentaire ?
Authors: Courade Georges
Published: May 2023

La dégradation de la situation alimentaire africaine, moins dramatique qu’on ne l’affirme généralement, impose des révisions de politique économique à de nombreux pays, en raison de l’épuisement du modèle agro-exportateur hérité de la colonisation. L’agriculture doit devenir prioritaire autrement qu’en paroles. Des progrès sont possibles, qui peuvent préparer à l’agriculture africaine de demain.
Violence et pouvoir en Afrique
Authors: Prunier Gérard
Published: May 2023

Violence and history in Africa.

Beyond any value judgement, violence is a transcultural trait in most state formation processes. Colonisation stopped abruptly state-creating processes on the african continent and then hoped to hand over peaceful structures to the new states at the time of indépendance. Social cleavage lines in modem african proto-nations often bring violent challenges to existing state structures. Tragic as they may be, they are not automatically destructive in the long run. The problem today is that of the meaning of violence rather than that of its possible containment.
Les mouvements sociaux en Amérique latine : quel enseignement pour l’Afrique ?
Authors: Huizer Gerrit
Published: May 2023

Social movments in Latin America : what lessons for Africa ?

Social movements, particularly those of peasants, have proliferated in Latin America more than in Africa (with exception of Kenya, Algeria and Zimbabwe) probably because the impact of (internal) colonialism has been more blatant. Destruction of the agricultural life support systems of the indigenous peasants led to massively organized peasant movements or rebellions in Mexico, Bolivia, Brazil and Cuba to achieve land reform. Presently the process of peasant mobilization, now enhanced even by the Churches, is hindered or blocked with foreign support (often CIA), in the interest of local and global power elites.
L'économie politique d'une démocratisation. Éléments d’analyse à propos de l’expérience récente de la Côte-d’Ivoire
Authors: Fauré Yves-André
Published: May 2023

En 1990, M. Houphouët-Boigny, pressé par une vague d’agitation sociale et de contestation politique internes, se voit contraint de libéraliser le régime, de légaliser l’expression d’opinions politiques différentes et de reconnaître le multipartisme. Les orientations prennent sens par rapport à un champ d’actions gouvernemental et un contexte général qui s’inscrivent dans la longue durée.
Familles dans la crise et politiques de population en Afrique subsaharienne
Authors: Locoh Thérèse
Published: May 2023

Si les sociétés africaines ont, jusqu’à maintenant, préservé les normes favorables à une nombreuse descendance, c’est parce que les conditions socio-économiques rendaient ce choix nécessaire. Vont-elles remettre en cause leurs normes de valeurs familiales et revoir à la baisse leurs aspirations en matière de descendances ? C’est ce que, sans toujours le dire, escomptent certains organismes internationaux qui attendent de la crise dramatique des économies africaines une prise de conscience de la nécessité d’un contrôle de la croissance démographique.

Certes, les gouvernements africains tiennent un discours plus favorable qu’auparavant sur le nécessaire contrôle de la croissance démographique; mais au-delà des prises de position officielles, qu’en est-il des véritables décideurs que sont les familles ? Vont-elles modifier leurs comportements ? Leurs conditions de vie quotidiennes sont-elles favorables à une aspiration plus affirmée au contrôle de leur fécondité ? Plus qu’une incitation à la diminution des descendances, la crise ne va-t-elle pas avoir des effets désastreux sur le niveau sanitaire des populations ? De la réponse à ces questions dépend l’évolution démographique, à court et moyen terme, de l’Afrique.
Politiques économiques et crises durant les 30 années d’indépendance
Authors: Châu Lê
Published: May 2023

Le Mali ne parvient pas à nourrir sa population. Malgré ce phénomène, l’agriculture reste un des facteurs de la croissance économique, l’autre étant les apports extérieurs. Les vagues de sécheresse, les échecs de la politique économique du régime militaire dont le renversement est accompagné de la destruction d’une grande partie du potentiel industriel déjà insignifiant ont été les causes des difficultés économiques actuelles.
Les ONG au Mali
Authors: Raghavan N.
Published: May 2023

De nombreuses organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) sont intervenues au Mali par des actions d’urgence lors des grandes sécheresses de 1973 et 1984. Parallèlement, il s’est créé un grand nombre d’ONG maliennes, phénomène lié à la situation économique et sociale du pays et à l’adoption de mesures préconisées par le FMI dans le cadre des plans d’ajustement structurel. Le profil varié des ONG les fait intervenir, avec une logique propre, dans tous les domaines de la vie économique et sociale. Les activités caritatives initiales ont progressivement évolué vers des opérations de long terme, permettant aux ONG d’acquérir une importante croissance, d’une part parmi les acteurs du développement, et d’autre part vis-à-vis de l’État d’accueil dont elles sont parfois amenées à combler les carences. La spécificité des ONG se traduit par des atouts qui ne doivent pas occulter les principes à l’origine des actions : travail de terrain, appropriation des projets, réflexion et concertation avec les bénéficiaires, autonomisation, transmission de savoir-faire. La coordination entre les ONG elles-mêmes est rendue possible par l’existence d’une structure : le CCA-ONG.
Se documenter sur le Mali
Authors: Brasseur Gérard , Diop Binta Diallo
Published: May 2023

Il est possible de se documenter sur le Mali au Mali. Car il existe plusieurs instituts de recherche nationaux, régionaux ou étrangers dont certains, comme l’Institut du Sahel, peuvent fournir des microfiches de leurs publications spécialisées. Les services de documentation des ministères, des ONG, les centres culturels et les bibliothèques, etc. constituent des sources d’information non négligeables, mais sont dispersées et d’accès difficile. Avec l’informatisation progressive on peut résorber les contraintes.
Érythrée : an 01
Authors: Marchal Roland
Published: May 2023

Après une victoire militaire sans ambiguïté, les combattants érythréens entendent conclure la guerre par un référendum qui donnerait une légitimité politique accrue à l’indépendance. Si son résultat fait peu de doutes, de nombreuses questions demeurent sur la force du nationalisme érythréen et la nature du champ politique qui devra émerger dans un environnement social et économique difficile. Les relations avec l’Éthiopie se sont renforcées depuis juin 1991 mais risquent d’être affectées par le refus d’une partie de la société éthiopienne d’accepter l’indépendance. La crise djiboutienne représente également un danger de déstabilisation.
Dix ans de famines dans la corne de l’Afrique : un premier bilan de l’action humanitaire
Authors: De Waal Alex
Published: May 2023

Les principaux responsables des opérations d’aide humanitaire dans la Corne de l’Afrique sont davantage le produit des demandes institutionnelles des associations humanitaires et des médias que le résultat de la demande émanant directement du terrain en faveur de la protection des individus et de la paix. Cet article s’intéresse particulièrement aux cas de la Somalie, de l’Ethiopie et du Soudan. Le taux de mortalité dû à la famine n’a pas diminué car, en se focalisant sur l’aide alimentaire, les différents intervenants ont négligé la santé publique. Les programmes d’aide qui ont peu fait pour la promotion du développement et la résolution des conflits ont en revanche contribué à prolonger les conflits en soutenant les groupes armés et les gouvernements totalitaires au pouvoir. De façon générale, les groupes caritatifs ont été si généreux que les gouvernements des pays de la Corne ont dépolitisé le problème de la famine car ils disposaient d’un agent extérieur pour le résoudre.
Le régicide ambigu ou mouvement de 1991 vu de Tamatave
Authors: Fanomezantsoa Anselme
Published: May 2023

The ambigous regicide or the 1991 movement seen from Tamatave.

In 1991, the province of Tamatave was far from forming a single unity identified to D. Ratsiraka as to the local native. Only the south stood out by its loyalism compared to a clearly hostile northern part. Even in Tamatave, it zoos from the largely pauperized middle class that most of the demonstrators came (minor civil servants, small planters and the wage earners). The middle class organized in a great deal of association : especially religious and ethnical ones. The demonstrators made it possible to operate a junction with the students. The local Committee of the «Forces Vives» which was set up lacked political culture, couldn’t make its claims meet those of the national level and as a result was responsible for a lot of heteroclite and violent action. One should also notice the absence of society blue print.
La constitution de la Troisième République malgache
Authors: Cadoux Charles
Published: May 2023

The constitution of the Madagascan Third Republic.

The constitutional text of the third republic reminds of the first one without reverting to it. To set up a legal state, the constitution re-establishes bicameralism and a parliamentary government after the deviation into presidentship and the Charter of the socialist revolution which created almost a People’s republic. It was conceived by a National Forum and submitted to referun-dum for adoption (august, 19th 1992). There was a light participation to the elections for the legislative assembly due to weariness after the Presidential election and to a very complex ballot system. Nevertheless the stake of the General election was on principle more important than that of the election of a president with limited powers. The outcome of this cohabition is unknown.
The essence of professional responsibility dealer in securities
Authors:   lawyer, human rights defender, member of the disciplinary chamber of the qualifications and disciplinary commission of the Donetsk region bar, Lisova Daria
Published: May 2023

The article examines the issue of the responsibility of a securities trader on the stock market of Ukraine. It is emphasized that, firstly, securities trading is a professional activity on the stock market; secondly, the activity of a securities trader is subject to licensing, in connection with which its implementation is also subject to the relevant provisions of the licensing legislation, the violation of which involves the application of appropriate measures of influence to the person; thirdly, trading in securities has the characteristics of financial services, which must also be taken into account when determining the nature of the liability of the relevant entity. It is emphasized that a securities trader can bear "double" responsibility: for committing a violation in contractual relations with a client or other participants in legal relations, a securities trader can bear property liability, for non-compliance with the requirements of legislation in the field of securities trading activities - bear specific administrative economic sanctions within the limits of public and legal coercion. Scientific approaches to determining the nature of the securities trader's responsibility, the concept of "professional responsibility", are analyzed. A study of the economic and legal responsibility of professional participants in the securities market is conducted, examples from the judicial practice of Ukraine are given. The essence and signs of the professional responsibility of a securities trader are established, the division of the professional responsibility of a securities trader into general and special is revealed. It is emphasized that the lack of a license of a securities trader indicates the absence of signs of professional activity in the securities market, as well as the fact that transactions made without obtaining a license may be declared invalid.
Recall de substâncias medicamentosas e produtos farmacêuticos por impurezas de nitrosaminas
Authors: De Sousa Maxsuel Gomes , Vieira Vinício de Assunção , Vieira-Almeida Erika Carolina
Published: May 2023

Recall é um termo inglês, originário dos Estados Unidos, e comumente utilizado no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro para proteger o consumidor do fornecedor de bens e serviços. Em português, significa “voltar”. A descoberta de impurezas de nitrosaminas em medicamentos levou a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) e outros agências reguladoras a realizar uma análise detalhada desse contaminante em insumos farmacêuticos ativos (IFAs) e medicamentos afetados. Nesse viés, o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura acerca do recall de substâncias medicamentosas e produtos farmacêuticos, devido à presença de impurezas de nitrosaminas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, que foi realizada através de revisão bibliográfica da literatura. Através desta pesquisa conclui-se que a formação de impurezas de nitrosaminas pode ser evitada selecionando reagentes, catalisadores e solventes adequados na fabricação de substâncias farmacêuticas e, sempre que esses contaminantes forem identificados em produtos farmacêuticos, acima dos limites estabelecidos pela legislação, os mesmos devem ser inutilizados e os lotes recolhidos pelas indústrias.
Análise prospectiva com ênfase científica e tecnológica do tucum (Bactris setosa Mart) como possível bioadsorvente
Authors: Damasceno Ana Carolina Nascimento , Pires Denise de Almeida , Rodrigues Francisca Maria Teresa dos Santos , Brito Francisco das Chagas de Melo , Da Silva Romézio Alves Carvalho , Bezerra Roosevelt Delano de Sousa , Carvalho Adonias Almeida
Published: May 2023

Os bioadsorventes à base de biomassa são de baixo custo e apresentam excelentes resultados para remoção de contaminantes orgânicos. O tucum (Bactris setosa) é uma alternativa promissora para aplicação como bioadsorvente, especialmente, pela larga disponibilidade e baixo custo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mapear as produções científicas e tecnológicas relacionadas à B. setosa, avaliando suas potencialidades. Foi realizada uma busca nas principais bases de dados de patentes e periódicos científicos nacionais e internacionais, nos últimos 20 anos. A busca encontrou 74 patentes e 49 artigos. O maior número de patentes depositadas foi em 2019. EUA apareceu como o maior depositante, seguido pela Coréia e China. A área de Agricultura é que mais publica sobre o tema, o Brasil foi o país com mais publicações, seguido pelo Reino Unido. Em 2018 e 2019 houve intensa produção sobre o tema. Os resultados evidenciaram a potencialidade tecnológica e científica da espécie para a indústria farmacêutica.
Análise do consumidor de produtos e subprodutos caprinos e ovinos na cidade de Parnamirim-PE
Authors: Barros Ilaiane Barbosa Matias , Santos Girlene Cordeiro de Lima , Cabral Ana Maria Duarte , Da Silva Lucas do Vale Duarte , Terto Gabriel da Silva , Araújo Bruno William , Da Silva Williana Guimarães , Albuquerque Hidelberg Oliveira
Published: May 2023

Para que o mercado de produtos da caprinovinocultura se desenvolva, é de extrema importância conhecer a percepção dos consumidores, contudo de forma geral, há poucos dados sobre o consumo e os aspectos relacionados à compra desses produtos. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer o comportamento dos consumidores dos produtos e subprodutos oriundos de caprinos e ovinos no município de Parnamirim – PE. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2020 por meio de entrevistas, com uma parcela de 2,3% da população de Parnamirim-PE, o que corresponde a 472 pessoas, essa amostragem foi feita de forma aleatória, independente do gênero, idades e status sociais, em horários e datas diferentes. Os entrevistados foram abordados principalmente no centro da cidade onde possui o maior fluxo de pessoas, devido a presença da feira de animais e do comércio local. Para as entrevistas, foi estruturado um questionário com 36 perguntas de múltipla escolha, com as quais foram abordados os diversos aspectos do consumo de produtos e subprodutos da caprinovinocultura e para a execução da pesquisa o questionário foi implantado no aplicativo Easy research, feito especialmente para esse tipo de pesquisa, e que pode ser instalado em dispositivos móveis (smartphone) do pesquisador. Os dados obtidos foram lançados diretamente para a plataforma do administrador, calculadas as frequências absoluta e relativa e apresentados os resultados. Foram obtidos os parâmetros referentes a predominância no consumo da carne caprina e ovina pelos consumidores da zona urbana (64,2%), mulheres (51,9%), pessoas com o ensino médio (35,6%), com a renda familiar até um salário mínimo, contendo de quatro ou mais integrantes na família, e com uma faixa etária entre 31- 40 anos; o preparo dos produtos cárneos são mais aceitos quando assada (38,7%), frita (30,8%) ou cozida (28,9%); enquanto os produtos lácteos são mais aceitos como  leite em pó 56%, leite in natura pasteurizado 29%,  in natura cru 10%, queijos como o  coalho (65%) e manteiga (29%).  Conclui-se que o mercado da caprinovinocultura tem um grande potencial de crescimento na cidade de Parnamirim-PE, contudo, deve haver incentivos para aumentar o consumo, através de divulgações da qualidade nutricional e do benefício que os produtos caprinos e ovinos promovem a saúde humana.
Surdez súbita bilateral em paciente com Doença de Behçet: relato de caso
Authors: Maldi Isabela Gomes , De Araújo Pedro Ivo Machado Pires , Braz Lucas da Silva , Macêdo Cárita Lopes , De Melo Júlia Ramos , Lamounier Pauliana , Ramos Hugo Valter Lisboa , Costa Claudiney Candido
Published: May 2023

Introdução: A Doença de Behçet corresponde a uma patologia de caráter autoimune, frequentemente, essa doença é diagnosticada a partir da tríade dos seguintes sintomas: inflamações oculares, úlceras genitais e úlceras orais, ou, pela presença de lesões de pele e teste de patergia positivo. Relato de caso: Paciente de 47 anos, sexo masculino apresentou perda auditiva do tipo sensorineural bilateral, com história de úlceras orais recidivantes e quadro de meningite associado a artrite na adolescência. Na ocasião foi submetido a exames laboratoriais, audiométricos, tomografia e ressonância magnéticas de crânio. Apresentou positividade fraca dos anticorpos anti-cocleares e teste de patergia positivo. O paciente recebeu o diagnóstico de doença de Behçet e tratamento adequado.  Discussão: As manifestações otorrinolaringológicas, apesar de raras, podem estar presentes no quadro sintomático do paciente portador de doença autoimune, dificultando o diagnóstico pelos especialistas. No caso da Doença de Behçet, a fisiopatologia está relacionada a vasculite de vasos da orelha interna que progridem com isquemia e alterações neuropáticas e consequentemente, perda auditiva do tipo sensorineural. Conclusão: As disacusias sensorineurais podem estar relacionadas as doenças imunomediadas e é importante realizar o rastreio dessas patologias pelo seu caráter de acometimento sistêmico e ampla sintomatologia.
O impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 frente à obesidade infantil: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Frazão Júlio Cézar Martins , Miranda Karen Campelo D'Albuquerque , Penna Leonardo Martins , Queiroz Gabriel Cavalcante Marques , Santos Victor Cardoso Brandão , Silva Bruno Rafael Soares de Medeiros , Penna Eduardo Martins , Da Silva Gabriel Varão , Vieira Amanda Rodrigues , Sousa Deise Duarte Santos , Oliveira Itaercio dos Santos , Marques Hugo Ferreira , Maia Diulio Costa , Rosa Arielly Carvalho
Published: May 2023

Introdução: Devido à necessidade de isolamento social imposto pela Covid-19, para conter o avanço da pandemia, sucedeu-se uma mudança imprevista na rotina em todas as faixas etárias da população, o que pôde cooperar para o surgimento de alteração no sono e em hábitos alimentares, ansiedade, dentre outras, durante este período. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura dados sobre o efeito do isolamento social devido à pandemia da COVID-19 frente às crianças e adolescentes para o risco de obesidade. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa de literatura. A busca na literatura, ocorreu durante os meses de janeiro e fevereiro de 2023 nas bases de dados Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Web of Science, PUBMED, Scopus, Literatura Latino Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (SCIELO) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (LILACS). Resultados: O isolamento social teve um efeito negativo para a saúde dessa população, considerando as associações da obesidade e suas consequências deletérias que podem aumentar durante o mesmo, devido à facilitação de um estilo de vida sedentário. Conclusão: Apesar de poucos dados na literatura, ainda assim notou-se o impacto do isolamento social por meio do aumento do sedentarismo, da obesidade e de hábitos alimentares supercalóricos. Esses fatores magnificaram a ocorrência da obesidade infantil no período da pandemia da Covid-19, o que reflete maiores riscos à saúde dessa população e evidencia a necessidade de maior atenção ao sobrepeso e obesidade infantil.
Palynology Evaluation Results From the Duchesne 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Duchesne and Wasatch Counties, Utah
Authors:   Utah Geological Survey, Waanders Gerald
Published: May 2023

This Open-File Report makes available data from palynology evaluations completed to determine the age and depositional environment of rock samples collected during geologic investigations funded or partially supported by the Utah Geological Survey (UGS) and the U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program (STATEMAP). Table 1 provides the sample numbers and locations for the palynology data. The reference listed in table 1 provides additional information such as sample location, geologic setting, and interpretation of the samples in the context of the area where they were collected.
Moroxydine Tautomers - A DFT Treatment
Authors: Türker Lemi
Published: May 2023

Moroxydine is an orally active non-nucleoside type antiviral agent of biguanide structure. Biguanides constitute an important class of therapeutic agents suitable for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. In the present density functional study (B3LYP/6-311++(d,p)) tautomers of moroxydine have been investigated within the constraints of the theory and the basis set employed. Moroxydine may exhibit 1,3- and 1,5-type proton tautomerism. Presently, all those possible tautomeric forms are considered. All the tautomers are electronically stable and have thermo chemically favorable formation values at the standard conditions. Some quantum chemical and spectral properties of those tautomeric systems have been obtained and discussed. The effect of tautomeric variations on the chemical function descriptors have been determined. Also, the variation of polar surface areas of the tautomers have been considered in relation to their ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier.