bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Complex Redox Shuttles for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Pashaei Babak , Shahroosvand Hahsem , Abbasi Parisa
Published: December 2015

Review: 128 refs.
Die Küvette XXL
Authors: Quadbeck‐Seeger Hans‐Jürgen
Published: December 2015

Das Reagenzglas ist der Faustkeil der Chemie. Dieses bewährte Allzweck‐Werkzeug dient nach wie vor der Beobachtung und Präsentation von chemischen Reaktionen und physikalischen Phänomenen. Der rohrförmige Reaktionsraum hat allerdings zwei Nachteile. Die Demonstration ist nur bis zu einer bestimmten Entfernung gut sichtbar und überzeugend. Der zweite Nachteil tritt in unserer Zeit der fotografischen Dokumentation besonders in den Vordergrund. Durch das runde Glas kommt es zu Spiegelungen und optischen Verzerrungen. Günstiger wäre ein flächiger Reaktionsraum. In der Spektroskopie wird das Problem mithilfe von Küvetten gelöst. Diese sind allerdings nur kleinvolumig erhältlich. Größere Küvetten, wie sie manchmal in der Elektrochemie oder bei Ätzverfahren eingesetzt werden, sind in der Regel sehr teuer oder müssen selbst hergestellt werden. Dabei tritt ein schwieriges Problem auf, nämlich die Dichtigkeit der Ecken. Hier wird ein System vorgestellt, das sehr kostengünstig und leicht herstellbar ist, zugleich jedoch eine ungewöhnliche Variationsbreite aufweist.
Fingolimod targeting protein phosphatase 2A differently affects IL‐33 induced IL‐2 and IFN‐γ production in CD8+ lymphocytes
Authors: Ottenlinger Florian , Schwiebs Anja , Pfarr Kathrin , Wagner Annika , Grüner Sophia , Mayer Christoph A. , Pfeilschifter Josef M. , Radeke Heinfried H.
Published: December 2015

Multiple sclerosis patients are treated with fingolimod (FTY720), a prodrug that acts as an immune modulator. FTY720 is first phosphorylated to FTY720‐P and then internalizes sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptors, preventing lymphocyte sequestration. IL‐33 is released from necrotic endothelial cells and contributes to MS severity by coactivating T cells. Herein we analyzed the influence of FTY720, FTY720‐P, and S1P on IL‐33 induced formation of IL‐2 and IFN‐γ, by using IL‐33 receptor overexpressing EL4 cells, primary CD8+ T cells, and splenocytes. EL4‐ST2 cells released IL‐2 after IL‐33 stimulation that was inhibited dose‐dependently by FTY720‐P but not FTY720. In this system, S1P increased IL‐2, and accordingly, inhibition of S1P producing sphingosine kinases diminished IL‐2 release. In primary CD8+ T cells and splenocytes IL‐33/IL‐12 stimulation induced IFN‐γ, which was prevented by FTY720 but not FTY720‐P, independently from intracellular phosphorylation. The inhibition of IFN‐γ by nonphosphorylated FTY720 was mediated via the SET/protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) pathway, since a SET peptide antagonist also prevented IFN‐γ formation and the inhibition of IFN‐γ by FTY720 was reversible by a PP2A inhibitor. While our findings directly improve the understanding of FTY720 therapy in MS, they could also contribute to side effects of FTY720 treatment, like progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, caused by an insufficient immune response to a viral infection.
Understand how prior‐prior year implementation changes recruitment
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: December 2015

SAN DIEGO — In a packed session at the National Association for College Admission Counseling annual conference, three presenters covered the nuts and bolts of the changes that will result from incorporating prior‐prior year financial data on the upcoming Free Application for Federal Student Aid. Sarah Summerhill of Michigan State University, Eileen O'Leary of Stonehill College, and Todd Rinehart of the University of Denver described the changes, explained what the changes mean for higher education financial aid, gave an overview of possible upcoming changes to the admission process because of the PPY change, and reviewed best practices for implementing potential changes.
How to succeed as an enrollment manager
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: December 2015

I thought long and hard about writing this column.
Grow enrollment with excellent communication, customer service
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: December 2015

Many community colleges and other institutions of higher education have seen their enrollment drop since the recession. But at Wake Tech Community College in North Carolina, enrollment has grown steadily, despite a decline in applications.
A NOXA/MCL‐1 Imbalance Underlies Chemoresistance of Malignant Rhabdoid Tumor Cells
Authors: Ouchi Kazutaka , Kuwahara Yasumichi , Iehara Tomoko , Miyachi Mitsuru , Katsumi Yoshiki , Tsuchiya Kunihiko , Konishi Eiichi , Yanagisawa Akio , Hosoi Hajime
Published: December 2015

Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a rare aggressive pediatric cancer characterized by inactivation of SNF5, a core subunit of SWI/SNF complexes. Previously, we showed that SNF5 contributes to transcriptional activation of NOXA, a pro‐apoptotic protein that binds and inhibits the anti‐apoptotic protein MCL‐1. In this study, we found that NOXA expression was downregulated in MRT cell lines as well as in clinical MRT samples and that ectopically expressed NOXA bound MCL‐1 and increased the sensitivity of MRT cell lines to doxorubicin (DOX) by promoting apoptosis. Consistent with this finding, knockdown of MCL‐1 in MRT cell lines induced apoptosis and increased DOX sensitivity in MRT cells, and the MCL‐1 inhibitor TW‐37 synergized with DOX to induce MRT cell death. Our results suggest that modulation of the NOXA/MCL‐1 pathway may be a potential strategy for the treatment of patients with MRT. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 1932–1940, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship of plasma cell‐free DNA level with mortality and prognosis in patients with Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Bakir Mehmet , Engin Aynur , Kuskucu Mert Ahmet , Bakir Sevtap , Gündag Omür , Midilli Kenan
Published: December 2015

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a viral infection. Circulating plasma cell‐free DNA (pcf‐DNA) is a novel marker indicating cellular damage. So far, the role of pcf‐DNA did not investigate in CCHF patients. In the current study, pcf‐DNA levels were investigated in CCHF patients with different clinical severity grades to explore the relationship between circulating pcf‐DNA level, virus load, and disease severity. Seventy‐two patients were categorized as mild, intermediate, and severe based on severity grading scores. The pcf‐DNA level was obtained from all participants on admission and from the survivors on the day of the discharge. The controls consisted of 31 healthy. Although the pcf‐DNA level at admission was higher in patients than in the controls, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.291). However, at admission and in the convalescent period, the difference between pcf‐DNA levels in mild, intermediate, and severe patient groups was significant. The pcf‐DNA level in severe patients was higher than in the others. Furthermore, compared to survivors, non‐survivors had higher pcf‐DNA levels at admission (P = 0.001). A direct relationship was found between the pcf‐DNA level and the viral load on the day of discharge in surviving patients. ROC curve analysis identified a pcf‐DNA level of 0.42 as the optimal cut‐off for prediction of mortality. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, specificity, and sensitivity for predicting mortality was 100%, 72%, 100%, and 79%, respectively. In summary, our findings revealed that pcf‐DNA levels may be used as a biomarker in predicting CHHF prognosis. J. Med. Virol. 88:1152–1158, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPV prevalence and type‐distribution in cervical cancer and premalignant lesions of the cervix: A population‐based study from Northern Ireland
Authors: Anderson Lesley A. , O'Rorke Michael A. , Wilson Robbie , Jamison Jackie , Gavin Anna T. ,   on behalf of the Northern Ireland HPV Working Group
Published: December 2015

Assessment of Human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution is important for monitoring the impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination. This study aimed to demonstrate the HPV genotypes predominating in pre‐malignant and cervical cancers in Northern Ireland (NI) before the vaccination campaign has effect. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks from 2,303 women aged 16–93 years throughout NI were collated between April 2011 and February 2013. HPV DNA was amplified by PCR and HPV genotyping undertaken using the Roche® linear array detection kit. In total, 1,241 out of 1,830 eligible samples (68.0%) tested positive for HPV, with the majority of these [1,181/1,830 (64.5%)] having high‐risk (HR) HPV infection; 37.4% were positive for HPV‐16 (n = 684) and 5.1% for HPV‐18 (n = 93). HPV type‐specific prevalence was 48.1%, 65.9%, 81.3%, 92.2%, and 64.3% among cervical intraepithelial neoplasias (CIN) Grades I–III, squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) cases, respectively. Most SCC cases (81.3%) had only one HPV genotype detected and almost a third (32.0%) of all cervical pathologies were HPV negative including 51.9% of CIN I (n = 283), 34.1% CIN II (n = 145), 18.7% of CIN III (n = 146), 7.8% of SCC (n = 5), and 35.7% of AC (n = 5) cases. This study provides important baseline data for monitoring the effect of HPV vaccination in NI and for comparison with other UK regions. The coverage of other HR‐HPV genotypes apart from 16 and 18, including HPV‐45, 31, 39, and 52, and the potential for cross protection, should be considered when considering future polyvalent vaccines. J. Med. Virol. 88:1262–1270, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased elastic fibers and increased proteoglycans in the ligamentum flavum of patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis
Authors: Yabe Yutaka , Hagiwara Yoshihiro , Tsuchiya Masahiro , Honda Masahito , Hatori Kouki , Sonofuchi Kazuaki , Kanazawa Kenji , Koide Masashi , Sekiguchi Takuya , Itaya Nobuyuki , Itoi Eiji
Published: December 2015

Elastic fibers and proteoglycans are major components of the extracellular matrix and their changes have been reported in some pathological conditions. Further, recent studies have indicated that some glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans inhibit elastic fiber assembly. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes of the elastic fibers and proteoglycans in the ligamentum flavum and analyze their relationships to thickening of the ligamentum flavum from lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Ligamentum flavum samples were collected from 20 patients with LSCS (thickened flavum group) and 10 patients with lumbar disc herniation (non‐thickened flavum group) as a control. Elastica–Masson staining and alcian blue staining were used to compare the relationship between the changes in the elastic fibers and proteoglycans. Gene and protein expressions of the elastic fibers and proteoglycans were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Histological changes indicated that proteoglycans mainly increased on the dorsal side of the ligamentum flavum in accordance with the decreased elastic fibers in the thickened flavum group. The gene and protein expressions of fibrillin‐2 and DANCE were significantly lower and decorin, lumican, osteoglycin, and versican were significantly higher in the thickened flavum group. Our study shows that elastic fibers decrease and proteoglycans increase in the thickened ligamentum flavum. Decreased gene expression of elastogenesis and disrupted elastic fiber assembly caused by increased proteoglycans may lead to a loss of elasticity in the thickened ligamentum flavum. Decreased elasticity may cause buckling of the tissue, which leads to thickening of the ligamentum flavum. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1241–1247, 2016.
Microfluidic Assisted Self‐Assembly of pH‐Sensitive Low‐Molecular Weight Hydrogelators Close to the Minimum Gelation Concentration
Authors: Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Trebbin Martin , Foerster Stefan , Rodriguez‐Llansola Francisco , Portale Giuseppe
Published: December 2015

The fibrillation and subsequent gelation of low molecular hydrogelators is usually triggered by external stimuli. Generally, strong acids are employed to trigger the self‐assembly mechanism in pH‐responsive supramolecular systems. However, the generation and design of novel stable gels with performing mechanical properties is a challenging task as a result of the uneven self‐assembled networks formed. Here, we report the study of the self‐assembly process of a low molecular weight hydrogelator (LMWG) in the proximity of its minimum gelation concentration (MGC = 0.3 mg/ml). At such high dilution, the generation of homogeneous gels with good mechanical properties by turning pH by strong acids is a demanding task as a result of the lack of monodisperse 1D self‐assembled rod‐like aggregates. A microfluidic device is employed here to gradually and homogeneously change the pH. We show that self‐assembly of LMWG in well‐defined structures can be enhanced by using the diffusive mixing occurring in the microfluidic reactor channel. For very short mixing times, aggregates with 2 nm cross‐section are found in the region adjacent to the focused LMWG solution in contact with the low pH buffer solution streams, where the pH reaches values below the pKa of the LMWG and triggers the supramolecular self‐assembly. For longer mixing times, aggregates grow in size and occupy homogeneously the micro channel. The results presented here show that better controlled self‐assembly can be achieved using microfluidic mixing devices and early stages of self‐assembly can be efficiently studied by coupling synchrotron SAXS with microfluidics.
Demonstration of QCM Measurement of Viscoelastic Phase Behavior of PVA Sol in Its Freezing–Thawing Process
Authors: Seida Yoshimi
Published: December 2015

Measurement of viscoelastic behavior of poly(vinylalcohol) aqueous sols during freezing–thawing process was demonstrated by means of quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) using cryo‐cell developed in this study. The viscoelastic behavior of the PVA sols during the temperature swing was evaluated based on te serial resonance frequency (fs) and resistance (R1) of the QCM oscillation for two kinds of PVA sols with different degree of polymerization and saponification. The resonance parameters were obtained through admittance analysis of the oscillation (QCM‐A). The frequency (f2) that is free from the viscosity influence of the sample was also monitored to evaluate the influence of viscosity on the fs. The change of resonance parameters during the freezing–thawing process of the PVA sols were obtained by the QCM fairly well. The potential of cryo‐measurement of QCM for the viscoelastic analysis of the soft material was examined.
Effect of Swelling and Deswelling on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Gels
Authors: Katashima Takuya , Chung Ung‐il , Sakai Takamasa
Published: December 2015

Polymer gels exhibit some unique features that are not seen in the uncrosslinked polymer system, rubber elasticity and swelling. In this paper, we review our recent studies towards the molecular understanding of the relationship between the elasticity and the swelling ratio using the Tetra‐PEG gels. The dependence of the polymer volume fraction of interest state (ϕm) on the elasticity exhibits the power‐law behaviors and the crossovers at ϕ* and ϕc due to the presence of the excluded volume effect and the supercoiling. The Obukhov model successfully describes the power‐law behaviors. The fractal dimension of network strands (Df) based on the stress‐elongation relationships using the Pincus blob revealed that the gyration radius of the network strands decreases with deswelling in affine manner. As for the equilibrium swelling, the definite ϕ0‐dependences of ϕm and Es are observed due to the effect of the excluded volume effect at preparation state. The Obukhov model can predict this result, while the C* theorem cannot predict it. Using the polymer gels with precisely controlled network structures, we successfully verify the molecular models to describe the relationships between the elasticity and the swelling degree of polymer gels.
Star‐Like Structure of Oligocarbonate‐Fluorene End‐Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) ABA Triblock Copolymers Below the Gel Point
Authors: Prabhu Vivek M. , Venkataraman Shrinivas , Yang Yi Yan , Hedrick James L.
Published: December 2015

ABA‐type oligocarbonate‐fluorene end‐functionalized poly(ethylene glycol) s form micelles with star‐like correlations in dilute solutions where water solvates the middle (B) poly(ethylene oxide) block. Using small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS), the star‐arm aggregation number and arm radius of gyration were characterized by Benoit's star‐polymer form factor under θ‐solvent conditions and by Alessandrini and Cargnano's renormalization group theory in good solvent. Model‐independent SANS Zimm plots provide the radius of gyration, micelle aggregation number, and second virial coefficient (A2) as a function of temperature. In comparison to unfunctionalized poly(ethylene glycol) A2 is consistent with predictions for self‐assembling polymers below the gelation point with a theta temperature of ≈ 75 °C.
Enamine‐Based Hydrophilic Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks: Effects of pH, and Copolymer Composition and Concentration on the Aqueous Swelling Degrees and the Gel Formation Times
Authors: Apostolides Demetris E. , Hadjicosta Argyro , Patrickios Costas S.
Published: December 2015

In this work, we explore the formation in water of dynamic covalent polymer networks cross‐linked via enamine groups. The polymer networks resulted from the combination of pairs of chemically complementary hydrophilic statistical copolymers, synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and bearing a primary amine group comonomer on the one hand, and acetoacetate groups on the other; the main comonomer in both statistical copolymers was poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate methyl ether. In this preliminary investigation, the gel formation time and the equilibrium swelling degrees in water were measured at different pH values, different copolymer concentrations, and for different copolymers. It was found that the gel formation time was reduced as the copolymer concentration was increased, and as the contents in amine and acetoacetate units in the copolymers was increased; furthermore, a minimum in the gel formation time was observed at pH 8.0. The effect of these three factors on the equilibrium aqueous swelling degrees was found to be much weaker than on gel formation time.
Modeling some real phenomena by fractional differential equations
Authors: Almeida Ricardo , Bastos Nuno R. O. , Monteiro M. Teresa T.
Published: December 2015

This paper deals with fractional differential equations with dependence on a Caputo fractional derivative of real order. The goal is to show, based on concrete examples and experimental data from several experiments, that fractional differential equations may model more efficiently certain problems than ordinary differential equations. A numerical optimization approach based on least squares approximation is used to determine the order of the fractional operator that better describes real data, as well as other related parameters. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One in Four Questioned Children Faces Problems Regarding Reintegration Into Physical Education at School After Treatment for Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Kesting Sabine V. , Götte Miriam , Seidel Corinna C. , Rosenbaum Dieter , Boos Joachim
Published: December 2015

Resumption of physical activity and reintegration into social surroundings after treatment for pediatric cancer is of high importance to recover from the burden of disease and treatment and to positively influence long‐term health outcomes. Eighty‐three children who had completed intensive treatment for pediatric cancer were surveyed regarding their participation in physical education at school (PES). The results show a concerning low rate of participation, particularly in children treated for pediatric bone tumors, and associated barriers. Reported reasons for quitting PES seem to be conquerable by individual and entity‐related support to enable participation according to the children's desire.
Improved desorption/ionization and ion transmission in surface scanning by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Häbe Tim T. , Morlock Gertrud E.
Published: December 2015

Rationale

Modifications to the Direct Analysis in Real Time mass spectrometry (DART‐MS) interface, its source cap and transfer tube were necessary to obtain highest efficiency in desorption and ionization from the sampling surface and in ion transmission into the MS system. These issues are crucial for the trace analysis of any surface and the hyphenation of high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) with DART‐MS.

Methods

The ion source mounting was modified to enable short source caps to be utilized in combination with a short transfer tube. The grid voltage contact section was readjusted to increase the intensity of the metastable gas stream towards the substrate. Eighteen different cap and two transfer tube geometries (including gas‐stream focusing), along with the influence of their distance from the mass spectrometer glass capillary, were investigated for best signal intensity.

Results

Using shortened source caps with staged inner bore, a transfer tube with gas‐stream focusing and an optimized mounting geometry for DART‐MS scanning along five identical deposited bands (600 ng each) of butyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, an average signal precision of 3.6% was obtained and the signal intensity was increased by a factor of 34. The width of the gas impact area did not exceed 1.5 mm and the smallest FWHM was determined to be 0.9 mm.

Conclusions

The desorption strength, ionization efficacy and ion transmission were improved significantly giving increased detectability using this further modified DART‐MS interface with reduced cap length and optimum transfer tube geometry. The resolution was comparable with state‐of‐the‐art densitometry. With this setup, reliable HPTLC surface scanning is possible, even for substance amounts in the low‐nanogram range. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The external knowledge sourcing process in multinational corporations
Authors: Monteiro Felipe , Birkinshaw Julian
Published: December 2015

Research summary: We study the processes through which multinational corporations (MNCs) identify and make use of external sources of knowledge. Based on a seven‐year longitudinal study of one MNC's overseas scouting unit, we show how a simple one‐directional “channelling” process gradually gave way to three higher value‐added processes, labelled “translating,” “matchmaking,” and “transforming.” Building on these insights, we develop an integrative framework, defining the conditions under which each of the four processes is likely to transpire, and showing how the stock of social capital held by the scouting unit allows it to perform increasingly high value‐added activities over time. Implications for the MNC, external knowledge sourcing, and boundary‐spanning literatures are discussed.

Managerial summary: Over the years, many multinational corporations (MNCs) have created overseas “scouting” units to tap into new ideas and opportunities in leading‐edge markets, but with mixed outcomes. In this study, we describe the development of a European telecom firm's scouting unit in Silicon Valley during the 2000s, focusing on the specific approaches used by the scouting managers to build effective connections between Silicon Valley start‐ups and the firm's business units back in Europe. We identify four distinct approaches for different types of opportunities, and we observe a clear sequencing of effort over time as the scouting managers built the necessary capabilities and credibility. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power in Tudor England
Authors: Loades David
Published: December 2015

England was the most centralised state in medieval Europe. The Tudors built on this situation to reduce still further the provincial power of the nobility, and to eliminate the remaining jurisdictional franchises. But sixteenth century England was not monolithic, nor homogeneous. There were still strong local identities, both political and culture, and the Tudors achieved success by working through the local elites, rather than against them.
Pränataldiagnostik bei fetaler Mikrozephalie
Authors: Chaoui Rabih , Hehr Ute
Published: December 2015

Diese Übersichtsarbeit behandelt die Mikrozephalie (MZ) aus der Perspektive der pränatalen Diagnostik. Eine MZ wird bei einem Kopfumfang unter der dritten Standardabweichung für das Gestationsalter vermutet. Diese Verdachtsdiagnose kann aus einem falschen Gestationsalter oder einer falsche Messung resultieren oder infolge einer Reihe häufiger Ätiologien wie offene Spina bifida, Enzephalozele, Holoprosenzephalie, Infektion, Aneuploidie, seltener auch Ursachen wie einer primären oder syndromalen MZ entstehen. Typische Ultraschallzeichen einer fetalen MZ sind die flache Stirn, der kleine Frontallappen, das reduzierte Gyrierungsmuster mit einem kurzen Balken, eine Pseudo-Kraniosynostose, ein dilatierter Subarachnoidalraum und oft eine Diskrepanz zwischen Kopf- und Bauchumfang. Mitunter kann eine schwere MZ schon in der Mitte der Schwangerschaft entdeckt werden, aber die meisten Formen fallen erst im III. Trimenon bzw. nach der Geburt auf. Die diagnostische Abklärung sollte auch das Angebot genetischer Untersuchungen einschließen, um monogen vererbte Formen mit hohem Wiederholungsrisiko z. B. bei autosomal-rezessiver Vererbung zu identifizieren. Die Arbeit diskutiert pränatalmedizinische und genetisch-diagnostische Abklärungsschritte bei fetaler MZ, die in Kombination mit den neuen genetischen Untersuchungstechniken hoffentlich in Zukunft zu einer höheren Aufklärungsrate führen werden.
Brief report: Perceptions of social withdrawal during emerging adulthood in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Bowker Julie C. , Ojo Adesola Adebusola , Bowker Matthew H.
Published: December 2015

The study of social withdrawal subtypes is no longer limited to Western societies but has extended to non‐Western countries, such as China. This study considers, for the first time, social withdrawal subtypes in an African country (Nigeria) by examining emerging adults' (N = 151; 54% female; Mage = 19.92 years, SD = 2.54) perceptions, attitudes, and responses to shy, unsociable, and socially competent behaviors. Results revealed that Nigerian emerging adults perceived significant differences between shy, unsociable, and socially competent behavior in several ways incommensurate with participants of previous studies conducted in North America, Europe, and China. Findings highlight the diversity of social meanings attached to social withdrawal in non‐Western societies, and point to the need for additional research on social withdrawal and its perception in Africa.
Resource based theory in operations management research
Authors: Hitt Michael A. , Xu Kai , Carnes Christina Matz
Published: December 2015

Resource based theory (RBT) has become increasingly popular in operations management research. The development and current application of RBT to the study and understanding of operations management problems and phenomena are reviewed and articles in the recent six plus years across nine journals are evaluated. Based on this review and evaluation, we identify several issues in the overall research and highlight some exemplary research themes in the use of RBT in operations management. Our research suggests that further application of RBT can add richness in operations management research, and has the potential to produce multiple contributions for this field and adjacent fields.
THE USE OF ANNUAL MILEAGE AS A RATING VARIABLE
Authors: Lemaire Jean , Park Sojung Carol , Wang Kili C.
Published: December 2015

Auto insurance companies must adapt to ever-evolving regulations and technological progress. Several variables commonly used to predict accidents rates, such as gender and territory, are being questioned by regulators. Insurers are pressured to find new variables that predict accidents more accurately and are socially acceptable. Annual mileage seems an ideal candidate. The recent development in new technologies should induce insurance carriers to explore ways to introduce mileage-based insurance premiums. We use the unique database of a major insurer in Taiwan to investigate whether annual mileage should be introduced as a rating variable in auto third-party liability insurance. We find that annual mileage is an extremely powerful predictor of the number of claims at-fault. The inclusion of mileage as a new variable should, however, not take place at the expense of bonus-malus systems; rather, the information contained in the bonus-malus premium level complements the value of annual mileage. An accurate rating system should therefore include annual mileage and bonus-malus as the two main building blocks, possibly supplemented by the use of other variables like age, territory and engine cubic capacity. While Taiwan has specific characteristics (high traffic density, a mild bonus-malus system and limited compulsory auto coverage), our results are so strong that we can confidently conjecture that they extend to all developed nations.
A History of Macroeconomics from Keynes to Lucas and Beyond
Authors: De Vroey Michel
Published: December 2015

This book retraces the history of macroeconomics from Keynes's General Theory to the present. Central to it is the contrast between a Keynesian era and a Lucasian - or dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) - era, each ruled by distinct methodological standards. In the Keynesian era, the book studies the following theories: Keynesian macroeconomics, monetarism, disequilibrium macroeconomics (Patinkin, Leijongufvud and Clower), non-Walrasian equilibrium models, and first-generation new Keynesian models. Three stages are identified in the DSGE era: new classical macroeconomics (Lucas), RBC modelling, and second-generation new Keynesian modeling. The book also examines a few selected works aimed at presenting alternatives to Lucasian macroeconomics. While not eschewing analytical content, Michel De Vroey focuses on substantive assessments, and the models studied are presented in a pedagogical and vivid yet critical way.
The Partition of Bengal
Authors: Sengupta Debjani
Published: December 2015

This study looks at the rich literature that has been spawned through the historical imagination of Bengali-speaking writers in West Bengal and Bangladesh through issues of homelessness, migration and exile to see how the Partition of Bengal in 1947 has thrown a long shadow over memories and cultural practices. Through a rich trove of literary and other materials, the book lays bare how the Partition has been remembered or how it has been forgotten. For the first time, hitherto untranslated archival materials and texts in Bangla have been put together to assess the impact of 1947 on the cultural memory of Bangla-speaking peoples and communities. This study contends that there is not one but many smaller partitions that women and men suffered, each with its own textures of pain, guilt and affirmation.
Imperial Underworld
Authors: McKenzie Kirsten
Published: December 2015

During a major overhaul of British imperial policy following the Napoleonic Wars, an escaped convict reinvented himself as an improbable activist, renowned for his exposés of government misconduct and corruption in the Cape Colony and New South Wales. Charting scandals unleashed by the man known variously as Alexander Loe Kaye and William Edwards, Imperial Underworld offers a radical new account of the legal, constitutional and administrative transformations that unfolded during the British colonial order of the 1820s. In a narrative rife with daring jail breaks, infamous agents provocateurs, and allegations of sexual deviance, Professor Kirsten McKenzie argues that such colourful and salacious aspects of colonial administrations cannot be separated from the real business of political and social change. The book instead highlights the importance of taking gossip, paranoia, factional infighting and political spin seriously to show the extent to which ostensibly marginal figures and events influenced the transformation of the nineteenth-century British Empire.
Party Brands in Crisis
Authors: Lupu Noam
Published: December 2015

Why have so many established political parties across Latin America collapsed in recent years? Party Brands in Crisis offers an explanation that highlights the effect of elite actions on voter behavior. During the 1980s and 1990s, political elites across the region implemented policies inconsistent with the traditional positions of their party, provoked internal party conflicts, and formed strange-bedfellow alliances with traditional rivals. These actions diluted party brands and eroded voter attachment. Without the assured support of a partisan base, parties became more susceptible to short-term retrospective voting, and voters without party attachments deserted incumbent parties when they performed poorly. Party Brands in Crisis offers the first general explanation of party breakdown in Latin America; it reinforces the interaction between elite behavior and mass attitudes.
The Indian Economy in Transition
Authors: Chakrabarti Anjan , Dhar Anup K. , Dasgupta Byasdeb
Published: December 2015

Taking the period following the advent of liberalization, this book explains the transition of the Indian economy against the backdrop of development. If the objective is to explore the new economic map of India, then the distinct contributions in the book could be seen as twofold. The first is the analytical frame whereby the authors deploy a unique Marxist approach consisting of the initial concepts of class process and the developing countries to address India's economic transition. The second contribution is substantive whereby the authors describe India's economic transition as epochal, materializing out of the new emergent triad of neo-liberal globalization, global capitalism and inclusive development. This is how the book theorizes the structural transformation of the Indian economy in the twenty-first century. Through this framework, it interrogates and critiques the given debates, ideas and policies about the economic development of a developing nation.
Shakespeare's Literary Lives
Authors: Franssen Paul
Published: December 2015

This is an entertaining account of Shakespeare's afterlives in fiction. Paul Franssen offers the first sustained analysis of stories and films that involve the character of Shakespeare. Taking a broad international and historical perspective, he shows how fictions about Shakespeare help us understand what he meant to a certain age, nation, or author, and how they have become a vital aspect of the Shakespeare industry. Appearing sometimes as a ghost or time-traveller, fictional Shakespeares have been made to speak to many issues, such as the French Revolution, the Irish conflict, colonialism, the Anglo-American relationship, sexual orientation, race and class. Written in an accessible style, this book will appeal to advanced students as well as academic researchers in Shakespeare studies, film and cultural studies, literary reception and creative writing.
Irish consequences of the Great War
Authors: Fitzpatrick David
Published: December 2015

It is now widely admitted that the Great War was also Ireland’s war, with profound consequences for every element of Irish life after 1914. Its impact may be discerned in aberrant aspects of Ireland’s demographic, economic and social history, as well as in the more familiar political and military convulsions of the war years. This article surveys recent scholarship, assesses statistical evidence of the war’s social and economic impact (both positive and negative), and explores its far-reaching political repercussions. These include the postponement of expected civil conflict, the unexpected occurrence of an unpopular rebellion in 1916, and public response to the consequent coercion. The speculative final section outlines a number of plausible outcomes for Irish history in the absence of war, concluding that no single counterfactual history of a warless Ireland is defensible.
James Fitzpiers Fitzgerald, Captain Thomas Lee, and the problem of ‘secret traitors’: conflicted loyalties during the Nine Years’ War, 1594-1603
Authors: Canning Ruth A.
Published: December 2015

Existing evidence pertaining to Ireland’s Nine Years’ War (1594–1603) strongly lends itself to the impression that the majority of Old English Palesmen, at least those of higher social status, chose to support the English crown during this conflict rather than their co-religionist Gaelic Irish countrymen. Loyalties, however, were anything but straightforward and could depend on any number of cultural values, social concerns, and economic incentives. Nevertheless, James Fitzpiers Fitzgerald, a ‘Bastard Geraldine’ who served as sheriff of Kildare, seemed to have been driven by a genuine sense of duty to the English crown and establishment. With the outbreak of hostilities in the 1590s, Fitzpiers proved to be a devout crown servitor, risking life and limb to confront the English queen’s Irish enemies. But, in late 1598 he suddenly, and somewhat inexplicably, threw his lot in with the Irish confederacy, defying the government he had once championed. During the ensuing investigation, the Dublin administration accumulated much damning evidence against Fitzpiers, including a patriotic plea from rebel leader Hugh O’Neill which urged Fitzpiers to defend his Irish homeland from the oppressions of English Protestant rule. Yet, at the very same time, a counter case was made by Fitzpiers’s controversial English friend, Captain Thomas Lee, which argued that Fitzpiers’s actions were more loyal than anyone could have imagined. Through an examination of Fitzpiers’s perplexing case, this paper will explore the complicated nature of allegiances in 1590s Ireland and how loyalties were not always what they seemed.
Thermal plumes in viscoplastic fluids: flow onset and development
Authors: Karimfazli I. , Frigaard I. A. , Wachs A.
Published: December 2015

The purely conductive state in configurations such as the Rayleigh–Bénard one is linearly stable for yield stress fluids at all Rayleigh numbers, $Ra$. However, on changing to localized heater configurations the static background state exists only if the yield stress is sufficiently large. Otherwise, thermal plumes may be induced in a stationary viscoplastic fluid layer, as illustrated in the recent experimental study of Davaille et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 193, 2013, 144–153). Here, we study an analogous problem both analytically and computationally, from the perspective of an ideal yield stress fluid (Bingham fluid) that is initially stationary in a locally heated rectangular tank. We show that for a non-zero yield stress the onset of flow waits for a start time $t_{s}$ that increases with the dimensionless ratio of yield stress to buoyancy stress, denoted $B$. We provide a precise mathematical definition of $t_{s}$ and approximately evaluate this for different values of $B$, using both computational and semianalytical methods. For sufficiently large $B\geqslant B_{cr}$, the fluid is unable to yield. For the flow studied, $B_{cr}\approx 0.00307$. The critical value $B_{cr}$ and the start time $t_{s}$, for $B<B_{cr}$, are wholly independent of $Ra$ and $Pr$. For $B<B_{cr}$, yielding starts at $t=t_{s}$. The flow develops into either a weakly or a strongly convective flow. In the former case the passage to a steady state is relatively smooth and monotone, resulting eventually in a steady convective plume above the heater, rising and impinging on the upper wall, then recirculating steadily around the tank. With strongly convecting flows, for progressively larger $Ra$ we observe an increasing number of distinct plume heads and a tendency for plumes to develop as short-lived pulses. Over a certain range of $(Ra,B)$ the flow becomes temporarily frozen between two consecutive pulses. Such characteristics are distinctly reminiscent of the experimental work of Davaille et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 193, 2013, 144–153). The yield stress plays a multifaceted role here as it affects plume temperature, size and velocity through different mechanisms. On the one hand, increasing $B$ tends to increase the maximum temperature of the plume heads. On the other hand, for larger $B\rightarrow B_{cr}$, the plume never starts.
A Search for High-Mass Stars Forming in Isolation using CORNISH and ATLASGAL
Authors: Tremblay Chenoa D. , Walsh Andrew J. , Longmore Steven N. , Urquhart James S. , König Carsten
Published: December 2015

Theoretical models of high-mass star formation lie between two extreme scenarios. At one extreme, all the mass comes from an initially gravitationally bound core. At the other extreme, the majority of the mass comes from cluster scale gas, which lies far outside the initial core boundary. One way to unambiguously show high-mass stars can assemble their gas through the former route would be to find a high-mass star forming in isolation. Making use of recently available CORNISH and ATLASGAL Galactic plane survey data, we develop sample selection criteria to try and find such an object. From an initial list of approximately 200 sources, we identify the high-mass star-forming region G13.384 + 0.064 as the most promising candidate. The region contains a strong radio continuum source, that is powered by an early B-type star. The bolometric luminosity, derived from infrared measurements, is consistent with this. However, sub-millimetre continuum emission, measured in ATLASGAL, as well as dense gas tracers, such as HCO+(3–2) and N2H+(3–2) indicate that there is less than ~ 100 M⊙ of material surrounding this star. We conclude that this region is indeed a promising candidate for a high-mass star forming in isolation.
Income Perception, Information, and Progressive Taxation: Evidence from a Survey Experiment
Authors: Fernández-Albertos José , Kuo Alexander
Published: December 2015

Are individuals accurately informed about their place in the income distribution? Despite the importance of accurate information about one’s placement in the income distribution for many models of redistribution, this assumption remains untested. We present survey data and an embedded experiment where we inform some individuals their true place in the income distribution. We then assess the impact of such information on tax progressivity preferences. We find that individuals have considerable error regarding their self-placement in the income distribution. Revealing to individuals their true placement affects progressivity preferences for individuals who learn they are poor, and for individuals whose prior is that they are poor. These results have implications for information assumptions of redistribution models of comparative political economy and contribute to our understanding of tax preferences, an understudied dimension of redistribution preferences.
La Madre Matiana: Prophetess and Nation in Mexican Satire
Authors: Wright-Ríos Edward
Published: December 2015

On July 1, 1917, a publication calling itself La Madre Matiana hit the newsstands in Mexico City. The newspaper promised a bold take on politics and society, and its masthead revealed a mission both madcap and grandiose: “A prophetic, truth-telling newspaper; it will block the sun with a finger, bark at the moon, and serenade the morning star.” This earnest but rather comical statement of endeavor appeared in each issue, and Mexicans of the time would have seen in addition an irreverent parody in the publication's name. The periodical's founder, Angel Prieto, had appropriated a clairvoyant character from popular lore to serve as his paper's alter ego. He chose well—the prophecies of madre Matiana had provoked Mexicans for over half a century and gained renewed prominence during the Mexican Revolution. In the years leading up to the newspaper's emergence, various publications had revisited the Matiana legacy.
Reinventing Westminster Abbey, 1642–1660: A House of Kings from Revolution to Restoration
Authors: MERRITT J. F.
Published: December 2015

While historians are familiar with the destruction wrought on the nation's cathedrals during the Civil War, the rather different fate experienced by Westminster Abbey – an important symbolic building that tied together royal and religious authority – has been strangely neglected. This article argues that the Abbey played an important and distinctive role in the religious and cultural politics of the nation during the 1640s and 1650s. It uncovers the Abbey's role in helping to legitimise successive non-monarchical regimes and ultimately explains how efforts to ‘reclaim’ the Abbey at the Restoration formed part of broader efforts to renegotiate and reinterpret the nation's past.
The 1559 Books of Common Prayer and the Elizabethan Reformation
Authors: CLEGG CYNDIA SUSAN
Published: December 2015

The 1559 Book of Common Prayer printed by Richard Grafton has been dismissed by bibliographers, who have suggested that Grafton printed it as ‘agent for Jugge and Cawood’ (the Queen’s Printers) and ‘improperly put his name in the imprint’. Relying on evidence from a 1559 Grafton prayer book in the collection of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, which contains the signatures of members of Elizabeth i’s Privy Council that can be dated prior to the opening of Elizabeth’s Reformation Parliament, this article argues not only that Grafton’s Book of Common Prayer was legitimate (indeed ‘authorised’), but also that it may have been printed in a limited edition, perhaps to be circulated in association with the Bill for Uniformity.
The Synoptic Problem in Sixteenth-Century Protestantism
Authors: STRICKLAND MICHAEL
Published: December 2015

This article examines early Protestant discussion of the historic puzzle in New Testament study known as the Synoptic Problem, which deals with the potential literary relationship between the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke. The subject was addressed by John Calvin, pioneer Reformer, and by the early Lutheran Martin Chemnitz. Calvin made a puissant contribution by constructing the first three-column Gospel harmony. Chemnitz contributed nascent redaction-critical assessments of Matthew's use of Mark. Thus, far from simply being a concern to post-Enlightenment critics (as is often assumed), interest in the Gospel sources was present from the earliest days of the Reformation.
The History of Clerical Taxation in England and Wales, 1173–1663: The Findings of the E 179 Project
Authors: JURKOWSKI MAUREEN
Published: December 2015

This article marks the completion of an online database catalogue of the records of taxation of the medieval and early modern clergy of England and Wales in the ‘E 179’ clerical series at The National Archives. It has two parts: an overview of the history of clerical taxation based upon the database's register of tax grants and an analytical guide to the contents of the series, with references to all key documents. The intention is to stimulate research in this important area of study by providing a blueprint for the future exploitation of this rich seam of neglected records.