bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining Topic Modeling, Sentiment Analysis, and Corpus Linguistics to Analyze Unstructured Web-Based Patient Experience Data: Case Study of Modafinil Experiences (Preprint)
Authors: Walsh Julia , Cave Jonathan , Griffiths Frances
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Patient experience data from social media offer patient-centered perspectives on disease, treatments, and health service delivery. Current guidelines typically rely on systematic reviews, while qualitative health studies are often seen as anecdotal and nongeneralizable. This study explores combining personal health experiences from multiple sources to create generalizable evidence.

OBJECTIVE

The study aims to (1) investigate how combining unsupervised natural language processing (NLP) and corpus linguistics can explore patient perspectives from a large unstructured dataset of modafinil experiences, (2) compare findings with Cochrane meta-analyses on modafinil’s effectiveness, and (3) develop a methodology for analyzing such data.

METHODS

Using 69,022 posts from 790 sources, we used a variety of NLP and corpus techniques to analyze the data, including data cleaning techniques to maximize post context, Python for NLP techniques, and Sketch Engine for linguistic analysis. We used multiple topic mining approaches, such as latent Dirichlet allocation, nonnegative matrix factorization, and word-embedding methods. Sentiment analysis used TextBlob and Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner, while corpus methods including collocation, concordance, and n-gram generation. Previous work had mapped topic mining to themes, such as health conditions, reasons for taking modafinil, symptom impacts, dosage, side effects, effectiveness, and treatment comparisons.

RESULTS

Key findings of the study included modafinil use across 166 health conditions, most frequently narcolepsy, multiple sclerosis, attention-deficit disorder, anxiety, sleep apnea, depression, bipolar disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia, and chronic disease. Word-embedding topic modeling mapped 70% of posts to predefined themes, while sentiment analysis revealed 65% positive responses, 6% neutral responses, and 28% negative responses. Notably, the perceived effectiveness of modafinil for various conditions strongly contrasts with the findings of existing randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews, which conclude insufficient or low-quality evidence of effectiveness.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrated the value of combining NLP with linguistic techniques for analyzing large unstructured text datasets. Despite varying opinions, findings were methodologically consistent and challenged existing clinical evidence. This suggests that patient-generated data could potentially provide valuable insights into treatment outcomes, potentially improving clinical understanding and patient care.
The Effect of Inhaled Beta-2 Agonists on Heart Rate in Patients With Asthma: Sensor-Based Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Khusial Rishi Jayant , Sont Jacob K , Usmani Omar S , Bonini Matteo , Chung Kian Fan , Fowler Stephen James , Honkoop Persijn J
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Beta-2 agonists play an important role in the management of asthma. Inhaled long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) and short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABAs) cause bronchodilation by stimulating adrenoceptors. These receptors are also present in cardiac cells and, as a side effect, could also be stimulated by inhaled beta-2 agonists.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the effect of beta-2 agonists on heart rate (HR).

METHODS

The data were retrieved from an observational study, the myAirCoach Quantification Campaign. Beta-2 agonist use was registered by self-reported monthly questionnaires and by smart inhalers. HR was monitored continuously with the Fitbit Charge HR tracker (Fitbit Inc). Patients (aged 18 years and older) were recruited if they had uncontrolled asthma and used inhalation medication. Our primary outcome was the difference in HR between LABA and non-LABA users. Secondary outcomes were the difference in HR on days SABAs were used compared to days SABAs were not used and an assessment of the timing of inhaler use during the day.

RESULTS

Patients using LABA did not have a clinically relevant higher HR (average 0.8 beats per minute difference) during the day. Around the moment of SABA inhalation itself, the HR does increase steeply, and it takes 138 minutes before it returns to the normal range.

CONCLUSIONS

This study indicates that LABAs do not have a clinically relevant effect on HR. SABAs are instead associated with a short-term HR increase.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02774772; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02774772
A multicentric study comparing a medical LLM's performance with clinical experts in radiation oncology (Preprint)
Authors: Dennstädt Fabio , Schmerder Max , Riggenbach Elena , Mose Lucas , Bryjova Katarina , Bachmann Nicolas , Mackeprang Paul-Henry , Ahmadsei Maiwand , Sinovcic Dubravko , Windisch Paul , Zwahlen Daniel , Rogers Susanne , Riesterer Oliver , Maffei Martin , Gkika Eleni , Haddad Hathal , Peeken Jan , Putora Paul Martin , Glatzer Markus , Putz Florian , Hoefler Daniel , Christ Sebastian , Filchenko Irina , Hastings Janna , Gaio Roberto , Chiang Lawrence , Aebersold Daniel , Cihoric Nikola
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise for supporting clinical tasks, particularly in technical fields like radiation oncology. While prior evaluations have focused on exam-style settings, their performance in real-life clinical scenarios remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess a state-of-the-art medical LLM’s ability to answer real-world clinical questions in radiation oncology compared to clinical experts.

METHODS

Physicians from 10 departments collected routine clinical questions. Fifty of these questions were answered by three senior radiation oncology experts and the LLM Llama3-OpenBioLLM-70B. In a blinded review, physicians rated answer quality on a 5-point Likert scale, assessed safety, and determined if responses were from the LLM or an expert (recognizability). Comparisons were made for quality, harmfulness, and recognizability.

RESULTS

There were no significant differences between the quality of the answers between LLM and clinical experts (mean scores of 3.38 vs. 3.63; Median M 4.00, interquartile range, IQR [3.00, 4.00] vs. M 3.67 IQR [3.33, 4.00]; p=0.263). The answers of the LLM were deemed potentially harmful in 16% of cases versus 13% for the clinical experts (p=0.633). Physicians correctly identified whether an answer was provided by an LLM or a clinician in 72% and 78% of cases, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The quality of the answers of the LLM seems similar to those of clinical experts. While great caution is recommended while using LLMs in clinical practice, their ability in answering real-life clinical questions is satisfactory, including highly specialized domains like radiation oncology.
Reduction of Anxiety Related Symptoms Using Low Intensity Ultrasound Neuromodulation on the Auricular Branch of the Vagus Nerve; A Preliminary Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kohler Izzy , Hacker Jon , Martin Ethan
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Neuromodulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve using low intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) is an emerging mode of treatment for anxiety that could provide a complementary or alternative treatment modality for individuals that are refractory to conventional interventions. The proposed benefits of this technology have been largely unexamined with clinical populations. Further research is required to understand its clinical potential and utility in improving and managing moderate to severe symptoms.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to do a preliminary investigation into the efficacy, safety, and usability of the wearable headset that delivers LIFU to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve for the purpose of alleviating anxiety disorder symptoms.

METHODS

This study was a pre-post intervention study design for which we recruited 28 participants with a Beck Anxiety Inventory score greater than or equal to 16 points. Participants completed five minutes of treatment daily consisting of low intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation delivered to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Participants did this for a period of four weeks. Assessments of anxiety symptom severity (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression symptom severity (Beck Depression Inventory), post-traumatic stress disorder symptom severity (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5), and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were taken prior to starting treatment and weekly for the four weeks of treatment. Usability and safety were also assessed using an exit questionnaire and adverse event logging.

RESULTS

After completing four weeks of low intensity focused ultrasound neuromodulation to the auricular branch of the vagus nerve the average Beck Anxiety Inventory score decreased 14.9±10.6 points (Cohen d=1.06, p <.001), the average Beck Depression Inventory score decreased 10.3±7.8 points (Cohen d=0.81, p<.001), the average Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the DSM-5 score decreased 20.0±20.5 points (Cohen d=0.94, p<.001), and the average Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score decreased 2.2±3.1 points (Cohen d=0.65, p=.001). On the exit questionnaire participants rated the treatment highly for ease of use, effectiveness, and worthiness of the time invested. Only one adverse event was reported throughout the entire trial, which was mild and temporary.

CONCLUSIONS

This preliminary study provided justification for further research into the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of using LIFU to modulate the auricular branch of the vagus nerve and reduce the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov [NCT06574971]
Scoping Review: Social Media Health Opinion Leaders as Actors in Public Health Promotion (Preprint)
Authors: El Mghari Souad , Tokovska Miroslava , Eg Ragnhild , Kolberg Tennfjord Merete
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

The shift toward digital adoption in public health communication has drastically changed how health information is disseminated to populations. Social Media Health Opinion Leaders (SMHOLs) have emerged as key players in this transformation, leveraging their social influence to shape public health behaviours. These individuals serve as interpreters of health information, aligning with social marketing principles to promote healthy lifestyles. Despite their growing presence, the literature on SMHOLs is under-explored, with inconsistent definitions and limited examination of their health promotion strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This scoping review aims to synthesise the existing literature that details the role of SMHOLs as influential actors in public health promotion. It examines the strategies and methods employed by these individuals to disseminate health messages, encourage healthy behaviours, and ultimately influence public health outcomes.

METHODS

Using the PRISMA-ScR approach, an exhaustive search across five databases and grey literature identified 18 relevant studies published between 2014 to 2024. Studies were selected based on their focus on opinion leaders, social media and health promotion, with key search terms and selection criteria developed iteratively to capture the broad and evolving definitions of SMHOLs.

RESULTS

SMHOLs, classified as either credentialled ‘health opinion leaders’ and ‘health influencers’ or non-credentialled ‘influencers’, have a unique role in leveraging social marketing principles to promote health. Theories such as dialogic communication and transportation theory reveal SMHOLs' ability to engage audiences through storytelling, perceived authenticity, and personal credibility. Key strategies include tailoring content to platform-specific features, building trust through parasocial relationships, evoking emotional responses paired with efficacy information, and employing self-presentation tactics.

CONCLUSIONS

The study recommends clearer terminology to identify SMHOLs, structured health promotion strategies, and guidelines to align the appropriate SMHOLs with targeted health campaigns. These steps will enable public health practitioners to harness the unique influence of SMHOLs in a manner that strengthens accurate health communication and optimises the impact on audience behaviours and health literacy.
Methadone patient access to collaborative treatment (MPACT): Protocol to establish feasibility of adoption and impact on methadone treatment delivery and patient outcomes (Preprint)
Authors: Meyerson Beth E. , Davis Allissa , Crosby Richard A. , Linde-Krieger Linnea B. , Brady Benjamin R. , Carter Gregory A. , Mahoney Arlene N. , Frank David , Rothers Janet , Coffee Zhanette , Deuble Elana , Ebert Jonathan , Jablonsky Mary F. , Juarez Marlena , Lee Barbara , Lorenz Heather M. , Pava Michael D. , Tinsely Kristen , Yousaf Sana
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Access to methadone treatment can reduce opioid overdose death by up to 60%, but U.S. patient outcomes are suboptimal. Federally-allowed methadone treatment accommodations during the COVID public health emergency were not widely adopted. It is likely that staff-level characteristics such as trauma symptoms influence adoption of treatment innovation.

OBJECTIVE

Methadone Patient Access to Collaborative Treatment (MPACT) is a two-phased project (pilot and field trial) to develop and test a staff-level, multimodal intervention to increase staff adoption of methadone treatment innovation and ultimately improve patient outcomes of treatment retention.

METHODS

A pilot and national trial will measure implementation feasibility, acceptability and effects of the MPACT intervention on treatment practice change, clinic culture, patient retention, and patient Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). The pilot will be a single-arm 5.5-month pilot study of MPACT conducted in two Arizona methadone treatment clinics (rural and urban) among 100 patients and 22 staff. The national trial will be a 20-month cluster randomized trial conducted among 40 clinics, 800 patients (20 per clinic) and 520 staff (13 per clinic). Data will be gathered by staff and patient survey and patient chart review. The primary study outcome is increased patient methadone treatment retention measured as: 1) time to first treatment interruption from study enrollment, 2) active in treatment at enrollment, day 30, 60, 90, and 120, 3) continuous days in treatment during the study period. Secondary study outcomes include reductions in vicarious trauma (VT) and PTSS among enrolled opioid treatment program staff and PTSS among enrolled patients.

RESULTS

This is a protocol (no results to report)

CONCLUSIONS

The MPACT study will provide a foundation for an evidence-based, staff-level intervention aimed at improving patient retention in methadone treatment. Future studies should examine the individual components of MPACT to determine their differential contributions to the primary outcome of patient methadone treatment retention, and to secondary outcomes of staff and patient reduction in stress symptoms.

CLINICALTRIAL

NCT06513728 (for pilot)
NCT06556602 (for trial)
The Struggle to Stay Alive: A Comparative Study of the Survival Strategies in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road and Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven
Authors: Tiwari Seema , Bisht Dr. Mamta
Published: December 2024

Survival is a prominent theme in the genre of post-apocalyptic literature. Such narrative unravels in the aftermath of a catastrophic event, where civilization has crumbled, leaving behind a desolate world. Its central theme revolves around survival - the instinctual drive of characters to stay alive amidst chaos, scarcity, and danger. These narratives explore the resilience of humanity, the loss of societal norms, and the pursuit of hope in dire circumstances. The strategy of survival is different for each survivor of every story - ranging from combating the outbreak of a deadly virus to coping with a world ending natural disaster. The novels of Cormac McCarthy, a prominent figure in modern American Fiction, tell the tale of a struggle for human survival. The novels of Emily St John Mandel also depict realistic scenarios where survival of humans is threatened. This paper intends to analyse the various survival strategies adopted by the characters of the selected post-apocalyptic fiction by the above mentioned authors in order to tackle the life threatening circumstances they are presented with.
Economic and risk evaluation of crop rotation systems: literature review
Authors: Vieira Fernando Pires , Wander Alcido Elenor
Published: December 2024

In many countries, inadequate management of agricultural production has depleted soils to the point of compromising future production in these areas.Thus, crop rotation systems, one of the pillars of conservation agriculture, are presented as an alternative to prevent such losses while regenerating degraded lands. Verifying whether conservation agriculture practices can generate both agronomic and financial gains for producers is crucial for achieving sustainable agricultural production. The objective of this article was to evaluate the current panorama of scientific literature, identifying studies on crop rotation systems published in national and international databases between 2018 and 2023, which address economic and risk analysis aspects of these systems. Articles published in the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, CAPES Journals, and the Base de Dados da Pesquisa Agropecuária (BDPA) were analyzed. Twenty-five articles related to the topic and research objective were identified; 76% presented only studies on economic analyses, while 24% included risk analysis. Regarding the locations where the studies were conducted, 32% were studies conducted in Brazil and 68% in other countries. The year with the largest number of studies was 2019. Considering the theoretical framework presented, the findings of this study indicate that conservation agriculture practices, such as crop rotation systems, present bothm agronomic and economic benefits and can be strategies for reducing the risks inherent to agricultural activity.
The human rights and managerial responsibility: A comparative analysis of theoretical studies
Authors: Leka Dukagjin , Zylfiu Ilir
Published: December 2024

The issue of human rights and managerial responsibility in corporations and firms today is one of the most fundamental issues in law and economics. The purpose of this paper is to analyze theoretical studies related to this issue in different corporations and firms with special emphasis on those of developing countries, specifically in the countries of the Western Balkans. The inhumane and degrading treatment of employees in the Western Balkans is the subject of this paper. This research is based on the research of Buhmann (2018), Leka et al. (2019), and Osmani et al. (2022). The methodology of this paper is based on a systematic review of studies and researches, especially on the topic of human rights and managerial responsibility in corporations or firms in developing countries. It is relevant because this theme has never been elaborated on by other Kosovar authors. The results confirm that globalization and the great influence of multinational enterprises on the firms of all countries, especially those in developing countries, has raised many concerns for human rights, specifically the respect of employee rights, in the impact of businesses on employees. The conclusion presents theoretical inquiries about how the responsible management of a corporation affects the rights of employees.
Prevalence and Correlates of Diabetes Distress in Pregnant Individuals With Preexisting Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tschirhart Holly , Usman Ali Muhammad , Yost Jennifer , Nerenberg Kara A. , Landeen Janet , Sherifali Diana
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

Managing preexisting diabetes during pregnancy requires considerable self-management skills to achieve recommended glycemic targets and reduce fetal and obstetrical risks. Given the demands during this time, many individuals may experience diabetes distress. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes distress and associated clinical factors of diabetes distress during pregnancy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 36 pregnant participants with type 1 diabetes and 40 pregnant participants with type 2 diabetes. Assessments of diabetes distress, the primary outcome, were performed, along with assessments of depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, self-management, and patient care satisfaction. Linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine predictors of diabetes distress scores and positive diabetes distress.

RESULTS

The prevalence of diabetes distress was 22.4%. Age ≥35 years of age and higher education levels were significantly associated with scores on the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale, which measures diabetes-related emotional distress (decreases of 10.18 and 11.77 points, respectively, P = 0.04). Living with others was associated with a reduction in PAID score by 21.56 points (P = 0.05) and the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness (PACIC) total score as well as PACIC goal-setting, and problem-solving/contextual counseling subscale scores were each associated with a decrease of ∼4 points in PAID score (P <0.05). Having a common-law partner or spouse, comorbid depression, depressive symptoms, and depression scores were all significantly associated with increased PAID scores (P <0.05).

CONCLUSION

The prevalence of diabetes distress in pregnancy is similar to estimates for nonpregnant adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, based on limited pregnancy literature. Further research is needed to establish diabetes distress rates using a validated tool for pregnancy to understand whether diabetes distress affects obstetrical and fetal outcomes and how diabetes distress levels can be alleviated in this population.
Determinación de la flexibilidad matemática en la carrera de Gastronomía del Instituto Universitario San Isidro
Authors:   Universitaria en Gastronomía Ecuador, Venegas Riera Verónica Gabriela
Published: December 2024

La matemática se considera como la materia que más dificultad genera al momento de estudiar gastronomía, debido a factores como el razonamiento lógico y la aplicación de procesos de solución. El presente artículo tiene como fin determinar la capacidad de la flexibilidad matemática en aritmética que poseen los estudiantes del Instituto Superior Tecnológico Universitario San Isidro en el primer nivel de la carrera de Gastronomía mediante la obtención de datos a partir de una evaluación con cuatro enunciados relacionados con razonamiento y aritmética, que solicita a los participantes emplear tantas estrategias como puedan para solucionarlos. Los resultados permiten determinar la capacidad de aplicar diversos métodos de solución en problemas de base estructurada y determinar el nivel de flexibilidad matemática en aritmética que poseen los estudiantes. Se observa que los alumnos aplican procesos memorísticos y tradicionales, además de no poseer un nivel de análisis y comprensión adecuados lo cual obstaculiza su aprendizaje y por ende la aplicación de su conocimiento.
Features of Inheritance in Private International Law
Authors: Vitvitska Lina , Oliinyk Yaryna
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article discusses the issues of inheritance law in the context of private international law. Special attention is paid to conflicting norms and problems arising in the regulation of inheritance relations with the involvement of an international element, analysis of legal systems of different countries. Inheritance in international private law has an important practical significance, since in view of the migration processes and the growth of the pace of acquisition of real estate abroad, the urgency of the need to regulate inheritance relations complicated by a foreign element is beyond doubt.
Regulation of inheritance relations in international private law is carried out in several ways: application of the conflict of laws rule and the rule of national material law to which it refers; use of norms contained in international treaties.
The issue of legal regulation of inheritance legal relations complicated by a foreign element is solved using the conflict-of-law method of regulation, which determines the law of which state should be applied to regulate certain relations.
Harmonization of inheritance legislation of Ukraine in the field of international private law and its convergence with the legislation of the European Union requires the solution of a number of issues, such as: clarifying the definition of the testator's last place of residence; establishing the order of succession of heirs according to the law depending on the degree of family ties; peculiarities of inheritance of movable and immovable property; removal from the right to inheritance; determination of the legal nature of the will of the spouses; inheritance by children born with the help of assisted reproductive technologies and others. Today, a significant number of people become participants in hereditary relations.
This article analyzes aspects of inheritance in private international law. These aspects are considered as a key mechanism for achieving a certain consistency between national legal systems, reducing differences between them based on generally recognized legal principles and advanced concepts of legal culture.
Keywords: inheritance; heirs; testators; conflicts of law; foreign element; inheritance law.
Hierarchical Structure as a Characteristic of a Criminal Organization
Authors: Zayats Khrestyna , Shai Roman
Published: December 2024

Abstract. Criminal organizations are complex and structured entities that operate within society with the aim of engaging in illegal activities and generating profits through criminal means. One of the key characteristics of such organizations is their hierarchical structure, which plays a significant role in the functioning and sustainability of these groups. It allows for the efficient distribution of tasks, the control of members' activities, and ensures the organization's long-term operation despite external threats.
For investigative and judicial practice, scientific studies of forms of organized crime are of great importance, in particular, the development of such elements of the forensic characteristics of criminal offenses committed by organized groups, criminal organizations, as forms, methods, signs of organized criminal entities; types of corrupt connections with public officials; role functions and typological features of members of criminal organizations; situation, ways of committing criminal offenses, their consequences.
This article examines the organization and functioning of hierarchical structures within criminal groups. The author considers how hierarchy ensures the efficiency, control, and sustainability of criminal organizations, and also draws attention to the challenges it poses for law enforcement agencies. This is particularly true of issues of liability when leaders delegate the commission of crimes to lower levels, making it difficult to hold the leadership accountable.
The article considers hierarchy as one of the key characteristics of the most dangerous form of complicity - a criminal organization. The Criminal Code of Ukraine lacks a clear legal definition of the term "hierarchy," which creates certain difficulties for law enforcement agencies, prosecutors, and courts when determining the presence or absence of this feature when investigating crimes committed by criminal organizations. The article also examines the etymological meaning of the term "hierarchy," analyzes scientific viewpoints on its updating and clarification. A review of legal literature, decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, and international legal acts regulating the issue of hierarchical structure in criminal organizations is conducted. Based on this, the author proposes his own definition of the term "hierarchy" and criteria for its assessment.
Keywords: hierarchical structure; complicity; organized crime syndicate; criminal offense; legal regulation.
Natural Laws of Society Development: Gnoseological Aspect
Authors: Koval Ihor
Published: December 2024

Abstract. It was found that the natural and legal laws of the development of society are an integral component of the formation of a civilized legal system within the legal space. A person cannot influence the norms of natural law, but only use them as much as possible, get to know them and embody them in the positive legal field of the state for the formation of a legal and democratic society. A valuable dimension of the development of a human-centered society is the level of legal awareness and legal culture of its citizens, as well as the ability to form value-legal guidelines for lawful behavior in the younger generation.
It is emphasized that social processes in the modern world are dynamic and not always positive law can timely regulate certain relations, given the duration of the legislative process. Norms of natural law operate continuously and are always "ready" to adjust certain aspects of society's functioning.
It is noted that social morality is also formed on the basis of the norms of natural law, customs and traditions of a certain community of people, but often the norms of morality do not correspond to the norms of natural law, or even contradict them. Such a situation occurs under conditions when society neglects universal human values, is formed as authoritarian or totalitarian. People's value orientations undergo certain deformation due to the influence of illegal ideology, distorted perception of socio-cultural phenomena.
The negative aspect is that such anti-value attitudes of a person may be reflected in the adoption of normative legal acts of the state, the implementation and observance of which will be universally mandatory.
Attention is focused on the fact that the norms of natural law influence the formation of legal awareness of a specific person and society in general, which is an important factor for the full development of state society, because citizens with such a level of legal awareness are able to form civil society and develop it as much as possible in the direction of the rule of law.
The legal culture of a person is formed under the influence of social values, moral and ethical norms and legal awareness. It is important not only to actively develop legal culture, but also to form it in time. We are talking about the young generation, whose legal consciousness and culture must be formed from childhood. In this process, an important role belongs to educational institutions, the family, and the environment.
Keywords: natural law; society; legal culture; legal consciousness; positive law; value-based legal orientations.
Free Movement of Goods: Monitoring and Evaluation of the Implementation of the Agreement «On Association Between Ukraine and the EU
Authors: Yurynets Oksana , Melnyk Olga , Kira Solomiia Kira
Published: December 2024

Abstract. The article analyses and assesses the current state of Ukraine's implementation of the EU acquis under the Association Agreement in the sector ‘Trade and Trade-related Matters’ on free movement of goods.
The legislative and institutional framework for free movement of goods, albeit partially, already exists, in particular for the sectors that the ACAA may cover, thanks to the DCFTA commitments. Currently, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is considering several draft laws on state market surveillance and standardisation to enable Ukraine to become a full member of the EU customs union in the near future. It is noted that the rapid elimination of systemic problems and further adoption of horizontal and vertical legislation of Ukraine harmonised with the EU law on free movement of goods will allow to move the issue of signing the Agreement on Joint Recognition of Certificates of Conformity for Industrial Products by Ukraine and the European Union (ACAA) into the practical plane.
Monitoring of the fulfilment of obligations in this area made it possible to conclude that the level of preparation for bringing domestic trade legislation in key sectors in line with the European acquis communautaireis average . The articleidentifies the measures used to formulate and implement the policy of free movement of goods to ensure the fulfilment of Ukraine's obligations under the EU-Ukraine Association Agreement.
It is concluded that our country demonstrates a moderate level of preparation in the field of free movement of goods, which, on the basis of common rules and procedures, guarantees the possibility of free trade in goods to the Common Market member states in the European Union. At the same time, Ukraine still needs to analyse its legislation, especially in terms of its practical application in this area, and do its homework, in particular, on technical regulations, standards, conformity assessment, accreditation, metrology and market surveillance.
Keywords: free movement of goods; Association Agreement; ACAA Agreement; EU acquis; EU internal market; Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Area (DCFTA); customs union.
Effectiveness of the Teaching Campus Literacy Program at Vocational High School, North Padang District
Authors: Indriani Afifah , Marsidin Sufyarma
Published: December 2024

This research was motivated by the problems found and felt by students participating in the teaching campus program during the implementation of the teaching campus literacy program at the North Padang District Vocational High School. This study aims to see the effectiveness of the teaching campus literacy program from several aspects, namely: program understanding, on target, on time, achievement of goals, and real changes. This type of research is descriptive. The research population is 59 teachers at the Vocational High School of North Padang District. The sample in this study is 59 people because it uses the total sampling technique. The instrument in this study is a Likert scale model questionnaire with four answer options that have been tested for validity and reliability. The data was processed with an average formula. The results of the study concluded that the effectiveness of the teaching campus literacy program at the North Padang District Vocational High School in the aspects of 1) program understanding with an average score of 3.21 is in the effective category, 2) on target with an average score of 3.07 is in the effective category, 3) on time with an average score of 3.12 is in the effective category, 4) the achievement of goals with an average score of 3.01 is in the effective category, 5) real change with an average score of 2.99 is in the effective category. It can be concluded that the effectiveness of the teaching campus literacy program at the Vocational High School of North Padang District is in the effective category with an average score of 3.08.
The Influence of the Principal's Transformational Leadership on Teacher Performance in Business Vocational Schools throughout Padang City
Authors: Fitri Aulia Rahma , Ermita  , Syahril  , Luthfiani
Published: December 2024

This research aims to obtain data and information about 1) teacher performance, 2) principals' transformational leadership, 3) the influence of principals' transformational leadership on teacher performance in Business Vocational Schools throughout Padang City.  The hypothesis proposed is that there is an influence of the principal's transformational leadership on teacher performance. This research is a quantitative descriptive research. With a population of 164 people and a sample determined using the Slovin formula of 66 people. The data collection tool used is a Likert scale model questionnaire which has been tested using simple linear regression data analysis techniques using the SPSS Version 29 program. The results of this research show that 1) teacher performance has been carried out well (85.00%), 2) transformational leadership the principal is already running (84.73%) and 3) there is a significant influence between the principal's transformational leadership on teacher performance in Business Vocational Schools throughout Padang City with a correlation coefficient of 0.119 and a correlation significance test of 2.670.
Contribution of School Climate to the Work Motivation of State Vocational High School Administration Staff in Padang City
Authors: Nilnatul Zahra  , Anisah
Published: December 2024

This article aims to describe teachers' work motivation, school climate, and the contribution of school climate to the work motivation of school administration staff. This type of research is quantitative and correlational. The population of this study is 150 school administration personnel who sample 82 school administration personnel using the Cluster Random Sampling technique. Data was collected with a Likert scale model questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. The data was analyzed using the product Moment Correlation formula. The test results showed that the calculated value obtained was 0.366 greater than the table r, which was 0.215 at a significant level of 5%. The work motivation of school administration staff is already high with an average achievement rate of 83.63% of the ideal score. The school climate is good with an average achievement rate of 88.22% of the ideal score. Furthermore, after being tested for Coefficient Determination, a result of 0.134 was obtained. The results of the study show that the hypothesis that there is a significant contribution from the school climate to the work motivation of school administration staff is acceptable, which is 13.4%, while 86.6% is influenced by other factors.
Trends in Principal Leadership Style Based on Situational Leadership Style and Behavioral Leadership Style in State Vocational High Schools in Lubuk Begalung District, Padang City
Authors: Febrina Rani , Susanti Lusi
Published: December 2024

This research is motivated by the problems found in relation to the leadership style by the principal. The purpose of this study is to obtain information and describe the tendency of the leadership style used by school principals which is reviewed from various styles, namely: situational leadership style and behavioral leadership style. This type of research is quantitative and descriptive. The research population is 208 teachers at the State Vocational High School, Lubuk Begalung District, Padang City. The sample in this study was 72 people, which was drawn using the proportional stratified random sampling technique. The instrument in this study is a Likert scale model questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, then the data is processed with a mean formula. The results of the study stated that the tendency of the principal's leadership style in the State Vocational School in Lubuk Begalung District was in the following aspects: situational leadership style had an average score of 3.79 with the dominant category and behavioral leadership style had an average score of 3.65 with the dominant category. So it can be concluded that the tendency of the leadership style of the State Vocational High School, Lubuk Begalung District, Padang City is to apply a situational leadership style with an average score of 3.79 and in the dominant category.
Development of Inquiry Based E-Module on Water Cycle Topic for Class V Elementary School Students
Authors: Tri Andini Aprilia , Rohana  , Treny Hera
Published: December 2024

The research aims to develop e-modules based on inquiry learning on water cycle material that is valid, practical and effective. This type of research is research and development (R&D) using the ADDIE development model which consists of 5 stages, namely Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation. The subjects in this research were 3 expert validators, 2 expert validators, lecturers, 1 class teacher and class V students at SD Negeri 152 OKU. The data collection instruments used were validation questionnaires to validators, student response questionnaires, and test questions. Based on the results of the assessment research from 3 validators, namely 2 validator experts and 1 teacher, it shows that the quality of the e-module product is very valid with a score percentage of 88.8%. The level of practicality after being tested on students meets the very practical criteria with a score percentage of 91%. The results of the ability test questions are in the very good category with an average score of 87.5%. So the results of developing e-modules based on inquiry learning on criteria are very effective for use in science learning, especially in water cycle material for class V elementary schools.Keywords: E-module, Inquiry Based Learning, Water Cycle
EFFECT OF ETHNO-STEM E-MODULE ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES
Authors: Ramadani Putri , Diliarosta Skunda , Muttaqiin Arief , Evita Putri Rahmah
Published: December 2024

Knowing the effect of using Etno-STEM integrated science e-module learning media with Movement and Style material on students' cognitive learning outcomes is the aim of this research. The research is a quantitative type of experimental research with a Quasi Experimental method carried out with Nonequivalent Control Group Design as the research design. Taking research sample classes involves nonprobability sampling techniques with purposive sampling techniques. The variable that has an influence is in the form of an Etno-STEM integrated science e-module on Movement and Style material with student learning outcomes as the influenced variable. Data analysis uses the t test which must previously meet the prerequisite tests in the form of validity and homogeneity which is then determined from the n-gain test. The experimental class average was 71.20 and the n-gain was 0.43, while the control class average was 62.53 and the n-gain was 0.33. The results of the hypothesis test obtained a value of tcount > ttable, namely with a value of 3.37 > 2.00, resulting in H0 being rejected and H1 being accepted. So the conclusion from this data is that there is an influence of the use of Etno-STEM integrated science e-modules on student learning outcomes.
THE EFFECT OF GUIDED INQUIRY LEARNING MODEL ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING OUTCOMES ON ADDITIVE AND ADDICTIVE TOPIC
Authors: Andriziaswari Ghina Reysa , Lestari Tuti , Azhar Aulia , Yanto Febri
Published: December 2024

The research is to find out how guided inquiry affects student learning outcomes. The type of research used is quasi-experimental. Research design non equivalent control group design The population of this study consisted of class VIII students at SMPN 26 Padang TP 2023/2024. In the research sample, class VIII.8 was the experimental group and class VIII.4 was the control group. The guided inquiry education model has been implemented with a high level of success, with an average success rate of 95%. Students are enthusiastic about the guided inquiry learning model, 53% strongly agree and 47% agree in the SMPN 26 Padang questionnaire which shows how the guided inquiry learning influences student learning outcomes
Activities of Soviet Specialists at Harbin Polytechnic University in the 1950s
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Babariko Kirill B.
Published: December 2024

The work of Soviet specialists in China represents one of the crucial facets of investigating the relationships, cultural exchanges, and educational ties between the two nations during the 1950s. This article delves into the analysis of the activities of Russian experts at Harbin Polytechnic University in the 1950s of the 20th century. Harbin Polytechnic University, being one of the largest higher education institutions in China in the 1920–1940s, created by Russian emigrants to support the operation of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER), became one of the pilot universities of the newly formed PRC, on the basis of which Soviet methods and practices of higher education were tested. Thanks to the contributions of Soviet specialists, Harbin Polytechnic University transformed into one of the exemplary institutions of higher technical education in China, becoming a benchmark for other universities. This status was recognized and formalized at the state level. The university played a vital role in strengthening the educational ties between the People’s Republic of China and the Soviet Union. In this context, the involvement of Soviet specialists can be seen as a significant factor in the consolidation of academic and professional standards within the Chinese educational system. Their expertise facilitated the introduction of modern curricula, advanced pedagogical practices, and a systematic approach toward technical training. Consequently, Harbin Polytechnic University not only contributed to the educational landscape of China but also served as a pivotal platform for the exchange of knowledge and expertise between the two countries. The legacy of Soviet specialists at Harbin Polytechnic University thus extends beyond mere academic influence; it embodies the broader geopolitical dynamics at play during the Cold War era, wherein education became a critical instrument of diplomacy and influence. In conclusion, the activities of Soviet experts at Harbin Polytechnic University during the 1950s underscore the importance of international collaboration in higher education, reflecting a significant period in the historical relations between China and the Soviet Union.
Cuatro estelas de la región de Lara de los Infantes en paradero desconocido
Authors: Carcedo de Andrés Bruno Pedro
Published: December 2024

Durante una investigación que trataba de aclarar el recorrido y la situación de una estela hispanorromana procedente del área de Lara de los Infantes, se tuvo acceso, de forma fortuita a una fotografía de una serie de estelas aparentemente procedentes de esta región que, salvo una, resultaron ser estelas romanas desconocidas hasta el momento y todas ellas en paradero desconocido. Este trabajo, presenta un análisis de las estelas a partir de la única imagen conservada de éstas.
Los inventarios post-mortem del notario Agustín de Tudela (1529-1561) como reflejo de las desigualdades sociales en una aldea castellana
Authors: Molina de la Torre Francisco Javier
Published: December 2024

La investigación histórica ha insistido en que, dadas las limitaciones de nuestras fuentes para estudiar la desigualdad social en el mundo preindustrial, es importante emplear diversos tipos de documentación a fin de obtener una visión menos parcial. El estudio que presentamos sobre la desigualdad social en Tudela de Duero (Valladolid) a mediados del siglo XVI se basa principalmente en los inventarios de bienes conservados, procedentes de los protocolos de Agustín de Tudela, pero recurre a documentación de tipo fiscal y judicial para completar el análisis, lo que permite obtener una visión casi prosopográfica de lo que poseían los distintos grupos sociales que convivían en la aldea.
La acción pastoral de los obispos leoneses Roger Lupia y Velasco Pantoja (1736-1751)
Authors: Pérez Álvarez María José
Published: December 2024

El estudio de las visitas, de la primera mitad del siglo XVIII, que se realizaron al arcedianto de Saldaña, perteneciente a la diócesis de León, nos permitirá acercamos a diversos aspectos relacionados con la religiosidad y con el comportamiento de las personas encargadas de velar por el cumplimiento de la religiosidad oficial, marcada por la normativa tridentina y recogida en las constituciones sinodales. En aquellas quedó reflejado, entre otras cuestiones, a quién correspondía el nombramiento de los párrocos y beneficiados, el número de cofradías que estaban operativas y su advocación, al igual que los santuarios, la actividad de las obras pías que tenían actividad o las necesidades de reparación que tenían las edificaciones religiosas.