bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Phage Display to Identify Novel Mineralocorticoid Receptor-Interacting Proteins
Authors: Yang Jun , Fuller Peter J. , Morgan James , Shibata Hirotaka , McDonnell Donald P. , Clyne Colin D. , Young Morag J.
Published: July 2014

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays a central role in salt and water homeostasis via the kidney; however, inappropriate activation of the MR in the heart can lead to heart failure. A selective MR modulator that antagonizes MR signaling in the heart but not the kidney would provide the cardiovascular protection of current MR antagonists but allow for normal electrolyte balance. The development of such a pharmaceutical requires an understanding of coregulators and their tissue-selective interactions with the MR, which is currently limited by the small repertoire of MR coregulators described in the literature. To identify potential novel MR coregulators, we used T7 phage display to screen tissue-selective cDNA libraries for MR-interacting proteins. Thirty MR binding peptides were identified, from which three were chosen for further characterization based on their nuclear localization and their interaction with other MR-interacting proteins or, in the case of x-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6, its known status as an androgen receptor coregulator. Eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1, structure-specific recognition protein 1, and x-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6 modulated MR-mediated transcription in a ligand-, cell- and/or promoter-specific manner and colocalized with the MR upon agonist treatment when imaged using immunofluorescence microscopy. These results highlight the utility of phage display for rapid and sensitive screening of MR binding proteins and suggest that eukaryotic elongation factor 1A1, structure-specific recognition protein 1, and x-ray repair cross-complementing protein 6 may be potential MR coactivators whose activity is dependent on the ligand, cellular context, and target gene promoter.
Hardy's Unnecessary Lives: The Novel as Surplus
Authors: Steinlight Emily
Published: July 2014

Thomas Hardy's novels are notorious for the grim inevitability with which their characters fall prey to biological and sociological forces beyond their control. Jude the Obscure in particular, culminating in the suicide of its protagonist's children “because we are too menny,” looks not just overtly Malthusian but deterministic in every sense: a brutal lesson in the impossibility of equality. Whether one approaches it, via Michel Foucault, as an illustration of power's inexorable grasp on life or, via Georg Lukács, as symptomatic of naturalism's dehumanizing ideological bent, the story seems bound to enforce the logic of the existing social order. This essay reads Hardy's last novel in quite another political light. Turning to Jacques Rancière's analysis of the politics of literature, it suggests that the novel genre finds a basis for radical political transformation in such unnecessary lives as those that populate naturalist fiction. Hardy's characters exceed any assigned social position, yet the surplus that shapes their stories is not just demographic; it is a surplus of words and meanings, a deliberate crowding of figural space that compromises the narrator's prescriptive claims for the causality of heredity on the one hand and the division of labor on the other. Jude ultimately demonstrates that literature is, in essence, superfluous—and that “the count of the uncounted,” which Rancière recognizes as the stake of politics, is also the stake of fiction.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from a Spiro-diazafluorene Derivative
Authors: Ohkuma Hiroshi , Nakagawa Tetsuya , Shizu Katsuyuki , Yasuda Takuma , Adachi Chihaya
Published: July 2014

A spiro compound DPAA-AF combining an electron-accepting diazafluorene unit and an electron-donating bis(diphenylamino)acridane unit has been synthesized and used as an emitter in organic light-emitting diodes. DPAA-AF exhibits efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence, and a device based on this compound emits blue-greenish electroluminescence with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 9.6%.
Πρόληψη του σακχαρώδους διαβήτη τύπου 2 με υγιεινοδιαιτητική παρέμβαση σε ελληνικό πληθυσμό υψηλού κινδύνου
Authors: Γραμματικού Σοφία
Published: July 2014

Εισαγωγή: Είναι γνωστό ότι ο επιπολασμός και η επίπτωση του σακχαρώδη διαβήτη τύπου 2(ΣΔ2) αυξάνει παγκοσμίως σε όλες τις ομάδες ηλικιών λόγω αύξησης της παχυσαρκίας καιτου καθιστικού τρόπου ζωής που έχει υιοθετηθεί. Η πρόληψη του ΣΔ2 είναι ένα θέμα πουαπασχολεί τις υπηρεσίες υγείας λόγω του υψηλού κόστους του, το οποίο σχετίζεται με τηνθεραπεία του και τις επιπλοκές του. Οι μελέτες Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP) καιDiabetes Prevention Study (DPS) έδειξαν ότι ο ΣΔ2 είναι μία νόσος που μπορεί ναπροληφθεί με υγιεινοδιαιτητική παρέμβαση σε ποσοστό 58%.Σκοπός: Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης ήταν η ανίχνευση των άτομων υψηλού κινδύνου γιατην εμφάνιση σακχαρώδους διαβήτη τύπου 2 (ΣΔ2) και η πρόληψη της νόσου με τηνεφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος υγιεινοδιαιττητικής παρέμβασης στην κοινότητα σε δείγματου γενικού πληθυσμού στην ευρύτερη περιοχή της Αθήνας (the DE-PLAN Study).Μεθόδοι: Διανεμήθηκαν τα ερωτηματολόγια εκτίμησης του κινδύνου εμφάνισης ΣακχαρώδηΔιαβήτη τύπου 2 (FINDRISC, Finnish Type 2 Diabetes Risk Score) σε περίπου 7900 άτομασε χώρους εργασίας και σε πρωτοβάθμια κέντρα υγείας για τον εντοπισμό αυτών πουβρίσκονται σε υψηλό κίνδυνο για την ανάπτυξη ΣΔ2. Τα άτομα υψηλού κινδύνου εκλήθησαννα υποβληθούν σε δοκιμασία ανοχής γλυκόζης (OGTT) με σκοπό να αποκλειστούν τα άτομαμε άγνωστο διαβήτη. Τα μη διαβητικά άτομα εκλήθησαν να παρακολουθήσουν τοπρόγραμμα παρέμβασης για ένα έτος βασισμένο σε συνεδρίες με διαιτολόγο ανά δίμηνο.Αποτελέσματα: Τρεις χιλιάδες διακόσια σαράντα συμπληρωμένα ερωτηματολόγιαεπιστράφησαν, 620 άτομα υψηλού κινδύνου εντοπίστηκαν και 191 άτομα δέκτηκαν νασυμμετάσχουν στο πρόγραμμα. Η στρατολόγηση ατόμων από χώρους εργασίας ήταν η πιοεπιτυχημένη στρατηγική για τον εντοπισμό ατόμων υψηλού κινδύνου, την ενσωμάτωση τουςστη μελέτη αλλά και τη παραμονή τους σε αυτή. Οι 125 συμμετέχοντες που τελίωσανεπιτυχώς το πρόγραμμα (66 δεν επέστρεψαν για την επαναληπτική δοκιμασία ανοχήςγλυκόζης) έχασαν κατά μέσο όρο 1.0 ± 4.7 kg (P = 0.022). Υψηλότερη συμμόρφωση στοπρόγραμμα παρέμβασης είχε ως αποτέλεσμα μεγαλύτερη απώλεια βάρους (1.1 ± 4.8 έναντι0.6 ± 4.6 kg για τα άτομα με χαμηλή συμμόρφωση). Άτομα με επηρεασμένη τιμή γλυκόζηςνηστείας (IFG) και ⁄ή επηρεασμένη δοκιμασία ανοχής γλυκόζης (IGT) στην έναρξη της μελέτης έχασαν περισσότερο βάρος από αυτούς με φυσιολογική δοκιμασία ανοχής γλυκόζης(1.5 ± 4.8 έναντι 0.2 ± 4.5 kg). Το ποσοστό των ατόμων με οποιαδήποτε διαταραχή τουμεταβολισμού της γλυκόζης (IFG ⁄ IGT) ήταν χαμηλότερο μετά τη παρέμβαση (68.0% στηνέναρξη έναντι 53.6% 1 έτος μετά, P = 0.009). 5.6% ανέπτυξαν διαβήτη.Συμπεράσματα: Η εφαρμογή ενός προγράμματος υγιεινοδιαιτιτητικής παρέμβασης για τηνπρόληψη του σακχαρώδους διαβήτη τύπου 2 στην κοινότητα είναι πρακτική και εφικτή καισυνοδεύεται από ευνοϊκές αλλαγές στον τρόπο ζωής. Η στρατολόγηση ατόμων από τουςχώρους εργασίας ήταν η πιο επιτυχημένη στρατηγική
Continuity Between the Primary and the Secondary Schools as One of the Principles for Biology Education Development
Authors: Калинова  , Kalinova Galina
Published: July 2014

The paper discusses the pressing problem of how to provide continuity of teaching at the primary and secondary stages of continuous education

process. Using as an example the educational content of the “World Around Us” course for the primary school, designed with respect to cognitive

abilities and cognitive needs of junior school children, the author demonstrates ways and methods to solve the vital task of developing biology

education at the sequent stage of educational process.
Personal Enhancement of Primary School Children at the Elective Class of “Economics: The Baby Steps”
Authors: Корнеева  , Korneeva Olga
Published: July 2014

The author reveals the potential of economic education in terms of cultivating such personal qualities, as industry, carefulness, generosity,

prudence. “Economics: The Baby Steps” elective class is considered as the source of educational resources and its significance is shown for

developing in primary school children the notions of aid-giving behavior, mercy and responsibility in relation to others.
Test Materials as a Means to Assess Planned Learning Outcomes when Learning the Basic Educational Program of General Primary Education
Authors: Бойко  , Boyko Elena
Published: July 2014

The author reviews capabilities of testing and assessment activity for tracking meta-object teaching outcomes of junior schoolchildren. Special

attention is given to pedagogical diagnostics of evaluating the degree of development of learning activities components and specifics of final

examination works handling. Means to assess the degree of achieving planned learning outcomes of proficiency of basic educational program of

general primary education are characterized.
Specific Aspects of Reading Habits Diagnostics
Authors: Ромащенко  , Romashchenko T.
Published: July 2014

The paper deals with problems of checking and diagnosing reading habits of primary school alumni. Changes introduced by the First and the

Second educational standards in definition of the “reading habit” concept are analyzed. Special attention is given to semantic reading.
Technology and Academic Advising: Student Usage and Preferences
Authors: Gaines Trudi
Published: July 2014

When both time and financial resources are limited, administrators selectively decide upon proper utilization of current technology and determine whether monies should be expended on new, flashy, and attractive technology realizing that it may not contribute to the advising experience. By obtaining feedback from the students whom the academic advising staff serves, administrators can effectively make such decisions. Findings from a student survey on technology preferences and utilization in academic advising for a large department of a public university are presented and discussed.
Strengthening Academic Advising by Developing a Normative Theory
Authors: Himes Hilleary A
Published: July 2014

Discussions on academic advising theory have centered on application from many disciplines; however, academic advising is unlike any other field, and therefore, theories from other disciplines do not correspond with all of the unique goals of advising: assisting students in understanding the meaning of higher education, supporting students in their personal growth, and helping them set and achieve educational goals. To continue clarifying the role of advising within higher education, practitioners need to move from analogical theories to normative theories. The diversity and richness of current theories in advising will provide the foundation for developing a normative theory and strengthening the field of advising.
Consumption of oily fish and omega-3 oil supplements in cardiac rehab participants
Authors: Cannon Emer
Published: July 2014

Aim:

To assess the intake (if any) of omega-3 oil supplements and oily fish in a group of cardiac rehabilitation patients, and to determine their barriers to eating oily fish.

Methods:

Cardiac rehabilitation programme participants (n=80) were asked if they would complete an anonymous questionnaire.

Results:

49 of the 80 participants completed the survey (response rate of 61%): 54% of respondents were meeting the recommendation for ≥ one portion of oily fish per week. The main reasons for not eating oily fish were that it was too expensive (34.7%) or the participants had not thought about it (26.5%). Twenty-five per cent of respondents reported taking over-the-counter fish oil supplements.

Conclusions and recommendations:

The main barriers to eating oily fish could potentially be reduced through focused education as part of the cardiac rehabilitation programme. From the literature and cost review, it seems it would be financially beneficial for participants to spend their money on oily fish or other aspects of a healthy diet rather than omega-3 oil supplements.
Co-ordinated care is key to accurate diagnosis and effective management of HF
Authors: Fuat Ahmet , Hancock Helen C
Published: July 2014

Ahmet Fuat and Helen C Hancock outline the results of a study which found that care of heart failure patients in the UK has changed little in more than a decade
Haemochromatosis: the role of the HCA and the AP in tackling iron overload
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: July 2014

This article provides the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) with an overview of the genetic (inherited) condition, haemochromatosis, sometimes called ‘iron overload’. It is sometimes difficult to make a diagnosis of haemochromatosis, as the signs and symptoms are nonspecific.

The signs and symptoms that are usually associated with the condition are outlined and the various tests and investigations needed to make a diagnosis are considered. The care and management of the person with haemochromatosis is described; phlebotomy is the mainstay of treatment and there is an emphasis on diet and the need to attend for regular follow up/outpatient appointments. Finally, a glossary of terms is provided.
Exercise or training? A human versus racehorse comparison
Authors: Jones David Chapman
Published: July 2014

David Chapman Jones, director at Tendonology, discusses training techniques and how a carefully planned strategy can help create a winning performance
Three-dimensional echocardiography and structural heart interventions
Authors: Rana Bushra S
Published: July 2014

This article looks at the role of three-dimensional echocardiography in the anatomical assessment of cardiac structures, how this complements standard methods of assessing structural cardiac lesions and the advantages of three-dimensional echocardiography in peri-procedural guidance in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.
Quantifying the challenges of specialty training: the 2013 British Junior Cardiologists' Association survey
Authors: Sohaib SM Afzal , Bates Matthew GD , Sarwar Rizwan , Holdsworth David
Published: July 2014

The British Junior Cardiologists' Association surveyed members to analyse their perception and experience of training. Cardiology trainees perceive significant limitations with the current training structure. This article gives suggestions which could lead to improvements in training and patient care.
The Labor Theory of Value: A Marginal Analysis
Authors: Klaus Hagendorf
Published: July 2014

This article presents the marginal approach to the labor theory of value. The difficulties of the classical and Marxian labor theory of value are overcome when labor value is understood as marginal labor value analogously to marginal cost. Marginal labor value is the reciprocal of the marginal productivity of labor. Under perfect competition, relative prices are equal to the ratio of marginal labor values; indeed, Pareto-optimality implies the validity of the labor theory of value but in general, even in a Pareto-optimal state, there is exploitation. It is shown that in principle, a capitalist system can never be in a Pareto-optimal state. To assure a maximum productivity of labor and therefore minimum socially necessary labor values, society has to assure the socially necessary accumulation of capital and to organize the formation and control over capital democratically and collectively, a Pareto-optimum without exploitation.
Branded city living: Taipei becoming-Paris in Yi ye Taibei/Au Revoir Taipei (2010)
Authors: Martin-Jones David
Published: July 2014

This article analyses Yi ye Taibei/Au Revoir Taipei (Chen, 2010). Due to its status as a co-production (with talent drawn from across borders, its various international funding sources and its deliberate appeal to global audiences through the festival circuit), the film is seen to provide a transnational perspective on Taipei. In this the film’s relationship with a film tourism agenda, a branding process pursued by the Taipei authorities, is stressed. Au Revoir Taipei’s consideration of life in Taipei, as a ‘branded city’, is analysed in terms of its three becomings (becoming-Paris, becoming-imperceptible, becoming-dance), in relation to Gilles Deleuze’s idea of the time-image (a striking example of which concludes the film) and it’s intertextual referencing of several ‘world’ or ‘art’ cinema classics, including Jean-Luc Godard’s Bande à Part (1964). The film’s transnational view of life in the branded city is thus understood to emerge at the conjunction of global production and distribution realities for film-making, and contemporary work and lifestyle opportunities in Taipei, the convergence of which create a cinematic construction of Taipei city that can be deciphered using Deleuze’s concepts.
The Sandwich Man: History, episodicity and serial conditioning in a Taiwanese omnibus film
Authors: Diffrient David Scott
Published: July 2014

As a foundational text in the history of the New Taiwanese Cinema, The Sandwich Man (1983) deserves consideration for the ways in which the inherently contradictory omnibus form is deployed for allegorical and meta-filmic purposes. Besides commenting on changes in contemporary Taiwanese society, this transauthorial feature combining the short films of three directors (Hou Hsiao-hsien, Tseng Chuang-hsiang, and Wan Ren) foregrounds a feature of the multi-director form—seriality—that is likewise persistent within the arenas of production, accumulation, and consumption. The author makes a case for The Sandwich Man’s significance within the context of cultural, social, and political changes occurring in Taiwan, a country where mass-production and artisanal practices have long coexisted both within and beyond the film industry. Furthermore, this and other omnibus films activate a mode of ruptured yet invested spectatorship in which audiences are conditioned to expect certain narrative outcomes due to a serial emplotment of similar themes and repeated events. Thus, ‘serial conditioning’ turns spectators into consumers who, confronted with a limited assortment of stories and characters in the span of a single feature-length omnibus film, are encouraged to engage in a selection process that privileges already-canonized auteurs and therefore has commercial implications even in the context of non-commercial art cinema.
Globalization’s bottom: Subtitle and switch in Wang Yu-Lin’s Taiwanese dialect films
Authors: Ma Sheng-mei
Published: July 2014

A large number of contemporary Taiwan films deploy, principally, the Taiwanese dialect (Minnan yu or southern Fujianese) in their multilingual presentation of the island. These Taiwanese-speaking films draw consciously and anti-hegemonically from Taiwan’s subculture and folkways in the countryside, distancing themselves from urban, metropolitan conditions. For instance, Wang Yu-Lin’s Seven Days in Heaven (2010) is a black comedy structured on Taoist funeral services, night market bazaars and the mourning of the father. His Flying Dragon, Dancing Phoenix (2012) is Taiwanese go-ah-hi (folk opera) modernized, yet still based on traditional transvestite dramaturgy. Whereas Taiwanese dialect films present the dizzyingly chaotic, syncretic local palimpsest, the circulation into global cinema flattens and simplifies these films into a single rolling line of English subtitle at the bottom of the screen, about to sink into subconsciousness. Such flattening destroys Taiwanese dialect film’s local conditions, in particular multilinguality that constitutes the islander’s very identity, one that switches spontaneously and restlessly among Taiwanese, Mandarin, Hakanese, aboriginal languages, Japanese and English, the latter four often in the form of popular Nipponized-sinologized words and phrases. Taiwan becomes the codeword for switch on account of its colonial legacy and multiracial, entrepreneurial reality. Its magic lies in rhetorical sleight of hand, rhetorical in part because the island is so trapped politically. This article proceeds to analyse code-switching on the soundtrack and the accompanied subtitles in Wang’s films.
Risikokontrolle in der Mikrofinanzierung
Authors: Steinhöfel Jan
Published: July 2014

Mikrofinanzierung ermöglicht die Vergabe von Krediten durch wechselseitiges Bürgen der Schuldner innerhalb einer Gruppe auch noch dort, wo kommerzielle Banken Risiken scheuen. Wie durch wechselseitiges Bürgen die Risiken kontrolliert werden, lässt sich weder allein wirtschaftswissenschaftlich durch Kosten/Nutzen-Kalküle noch allein durch sozialromantische Vorstellungen über die Solidarität der Kreditgruppe erklären. Mittels eigener ethnographischer Beobachtungen aus Westafrika zeigt Jan Steinhöfel, dass die Risiken neben der lokalen Sozialstruktur und der sozialen Kontrolle der Gruppe zudem durch eine soziale Kontrolle zweiter Ordnung der Interaktion mit dem Kreditbetreuer kontrolliert werden.
Zeitungsdigitalisierung: eine neue Herausforderung für die ULB Halle
Authors: Sommer Dorothea , Heiligenhaus Kay , Wippermann Carola , Pankratz Manfred
Published: July 2014

Die Digitalisierung von Zeitungen und ihre adäquate Präsentation im Internet ist immer noch eine Herausforderung in dem klassischen Zeitungsland Deutschland, wo die Herstellung und Verbreitung des Mediums auf eine lange und besondere Tradition verweisen kann. In dem Artikel werden die aktuellen Ergebnisse eines Zeitungsdigitalisierungsprojekts vorgestellt, das an der Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Halle durchgeführt wird. Das Projekt ist Teil der Pilotphase zur Zeitungsdigitalisierung, die von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft unterstützt wird und in deren Rahmen verschiedene Bibliotheken mit unterschiedlichen Aufgaben und technischen Verfahren kooperieren. Das Projekt in Halle befasst sich mit der Digitalisierung der Zeitung „Hallisches Tageblatt“, die Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts gegründet und bis zum Jahr 1892 veröffentlicht wurde. In dem Artikel werden die Methoden und Ergebnisse eines OCR-Texts für Frakturschrift und die strukturelle Erschließung der Zeitung dargelegt, aber auch der Stand der Untersuchungen, um ein Verfahren zur persistenten Adressierung von periodischen Schriften und ihren Fragmenten zu etablieren, das eine zuverlässige und nachhaltige Basis für die Zitierfähigkeit von digitalen Quellen für die Forschung bietet. Dieser Teil des Projekts wird durchgeführt in Zusammenarbeit mit der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek. Das Verfahren beruht auf dem Einsatz von Uniform Resource Names (URNs), die als Persistent Identifier (PI) dienen. Die Anwendung der URNs für periodische Werke ist eine Erweiterung des Harvesting Verfahrens von URN Granular, das mittlerweile erfolgreich für monographische Werke implementiert wurde und angewendet wird.
Novel hydrophobization of wood by epoxidized linseed oil. Part 2. Characterization by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM, and determination of mechanical properties and field test performance
Authors: Jebrane Mohamed , Fernández-Cano Víctor , Panov Dmitri , Terziev Nasko , Daniel Geoffrey
Published: July 2014

Scots pine samples were impregnated with epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) by means of a two-step process, and the effect of treatments has been studied concerning the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, mechanical properties, moisture uptake, and field test performance. FTIR analysis of ELO-treated samples revealed that part of the ELO epoxy reactive group was chemically bound to the hydroxyl groups of wood. ELO-treated samples have improved dimensional stability, while the mechanical properties were slightly reduced and the moisture uptake was significantly lowered. The field performance of lap joints treated with ELO (90 kg m-3) after 60 months’ exposure showed great improvements in performance, as the average annual moisture content (MC) was maintained at the level of 19.3% compared to 34.6% for lap joints treated with linseed oil (LO). The lap-joint area was not stained, and less discoloration by staining fungi on the external surfaces was observed in ELO-treated samples compared to samples treated with LO.
Confirmation of threatened white-lipped deer (Przewalskium albirostris) in Gansu and Sichuan, China, and their overlap with livestock
Authors: Hughes Joelene , Alexander Justine , Shi Kun , Riordan Philip
Published: July 2014

In the last few decades China has undergone significant socio-economic changes, with potential negative implications for wildlife populations, particularly large mammals in rural areas, due to development and expansion of agricultural practices. White-lipped deer (
Seastrokes: A New Threat for North Carolina Swimmers?
Authors: Chiang Francisco , Castillo Mauricio
Published: July 2014

Spinal cord infarcts have been reported in young healthy patients following contact with the water on the beaches of North Carolina. Although their exact cause is not known, contact with a toxic marine animal has been proposed. We describe a patient who suffered a “seastroke” and review the pertinent literature.
Brain Radiation-Related Black Dots on Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging
Authors: Varon Daniel , Simons Michael , Chiang Francisco , Tedesqui Gustavo , Pacheco Gerardo , Martinez Pablo , Castillo Mauricio
Published: July 2014

Small blood vessel injury is a feature of post irradiation brain. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a technique that exploits the magnetic properties of tissues, such as blood and iron content and is thus sensitive to hemorrhage as a marker of small vessel injury. Our purpose was to assess post irradiation brain findings using SWI. We evaluated 12 patients with follow-up MRI studies who underwent cranial irradiation for primary or metastatic tumors. From their clinical records, the latency interval, type of radiation, and total dose were established. The number and the distribution of “black dots” on SWI were analyzed. We also compared the findings on SWI with those seen on other MRI sequences. In all patients, black dots were clearly identified on SWI, while on conventional MRI (T2 and FLAIR) none were visible. Two patients with glial tumors received radiation with fields conforming to tumor beds, while all other patients received whole brain irradiation or craniospinal radiation. The total radiation doses ranged from 45–54 Gy. Latency interval between the time of irradiation and time of detection of the black dots was four to 60 months (mean, 31 months). In ten patients diffuse black dots were observed and in two patients these were located in the irradiated field. Black dots occurred in the cerebrum, cerebellum, and choroid plexuses. None of these dots showed enhancement. Follow-up in four patients showed that the numbers of these black dots had increased. Black dots were not present before radiation in any patient. Radiation-related black dots are an effect of cranial irradiation and may be related to small vessel damage. SWI is a sensitive technique for evaluation of these black dots.
Basal Ganglia Volumes: MR-Derived Reference Ranges and Lateralization Indices for Children and Young Adults
Authors: Wyciszkiewicz Aleksandra , Pawlak Mikolaj A.
Published: July 2014

Previous studies indicate rightward asymmetry of the caudate nucleus (CN) volume and leftward asymmetry of the putamen (PN) and globus pallidus (GP). This study aimed to estimate reference ranges for basal ganglia asymmetry in a large cohort of healthy individuals (n= 949), aged seven to 21 years. MRI images of 949 (320 female, mean age 12.6 +/− 3.3, range 7–21) healthy individuals were reviewed. Volumetric measurements of the basal ganglia were obtained using automated segmentation (FreeSurfer). We computed two lateralization indices: (L-R)/(L+R) (LI) and right/left ratio (RLR). Tolerance interval estimates were used to calculate reference ranges. Rightward asymmetry of the CN and leftward asymmetry of the PN and GP were confirmed. PN and GP volume decreased with age, but CN volume did not. The lateralization index decreased with age for PN, but not for CN and GP. RLR increased with age for PN and not for CN or GP. Females were associated with smaller volume, but not with either LI or RLR difference. Reference ranges obtained in this study provide useful resources for power analysis and a reference group for future studies using basal ganglia asymmetry indices.
How Much of the Variation in the Mutation Rate Along the Human Genome Can Be Explained?
Authors: Eyre-Walker Adam , Eyre-Walker Ying Chen
Published: July 2014

It has been claimed recently that it may be possible to predict the rate of de novo mutation of each site in the human genome with a high degree of accuracy [Michaelson et al. (2012), Cell 151: 1431−1442]. We show that this claim is unwarranted. By considering the correlation between the rate of de novo mutation and the predictions from the model of Michaelson et al., we show there could be substantial unexplained variance in the mutation rate. We investigate whether the model of Michaelson et al. captures variation at the single nucleotide level that is not due to simple context. We show that the model captures a substantial fraction of this variation at CpG dinucleotides but fails to explain much of the variation at non-CpG sites.
Parallel Genome-Wide Fixation of Ancestral Alleles in Partially Outcrossing Experimental Populations ofCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Chandler Christopher H
Published: July 2014

Experimental evolution studies, coupled with new advances in DNA sequencing technology, have become a powerful tool for exploring how populations respond to selection at the genomic level. Recent experiments in microbes typically have found evidence for multiple novel mutations, which are usually fixed. In contrast, in animal model systems, evolutionary responses seem to involve more modest changes in the frequencies of pre-existing alleles, probably because these populations outcross and are usually initialized with greater levels of standing variation. In this experiment, I used whole-genome resequencing to estimate allele frequencies and look for novel substitutions in experimentally evolved populations of Caenorhabditis elegans. These populations were founded with a fixed pair of deleterious mutations introgressed into multiple wild genetic backgrounds and allowed to evolve for 50 generations with a mixed mating system. There is evidence for some recombination between ancestral haplotypes, but selective sweeps seem to have resulted in the fixation of large chromosomal segments throughout most of the genome. In addition, a few new mutations were detected. Simulations suggest that strong selection and low outcrossing rates are likely explanations for the observed outcomes, consistent with earlier work showing large fitness increases in these populations over 50 generations. These results also show clear parallels to population genetic patterns in C. elegans in nature: recent selective sweeps, high linkage disequilibrium, and low effective recombination rates. Thus, the genomic consequences of selection depend heavily on the biology of the organism in question, including its mating system and levels of genetic variation.
Counseling provided by the pharmacist in Romanian community pharmacy: the patients’ perspective
Authors: Iancu Mihaela Ela , Bucsa Camelia , Farcas Andreea Maria , Leucuta Daniel Corneliu , Dincu Adriana , Bojita Marius Traian
Published: July 2014

Background and aims. Patient education is a critical task that may be carried out by the pharmacists, especially in the context of contemporary pharmacists’ roles, which tend to be closer to patients and their needs. This study aimed to evaluate the counseling provided by the pharmacist in the community pharmacy, from the patient’s perspective.Patients and methods. We conducted a prospective, non-interventional study in 520 pharmacies from 10 Romanian counties across the country. The first 10 visitors of the pharmacy on a given day were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the counseling provided by the pharmacist during the visit.Results. More than 90% of patients received advice from the pharmacist on the route of administration, use in relation to meals, dosage and length of treatment. More than 80% of the patients were counseled on the medicine contraindications and precautions, interactions with other medicines and food, side effects, additional changes in lifestyle and diet appropriate to the condition and the necessity to immediately consult a doctor/pharmacist in case of adverse drug reactions. Lower percentages were registered for advising the patient on the obligation to return to pharmacy the unused psychotropic drugs (38.04%) and the ability of the drug to modify the laboratory results (47.66).Conclusions. The results of the present study showed that the counseling activity in the community pharmacy is carried out by the pharmacists in a high proportion, according to the patients’ feedback.
From NAFLD to cardiovascular disease. Is it (still) the metabolic syndrome?
Authors: Munteanu Mihai Alexandru , Mircea Petru Adrian
Published: July 2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disease in developed countries. The incidence of NAFLD in the general population is 30-38% deppending on the geographical area and the diagnostic method used. NAFLD is considered to be the liver manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. A better understanding of the natural evolution would have practical consequences related mainly to the need of early and aggressive diagnosis, active monitoring and therapeutic solutions. Cardiovascular disease appears to be the main cause of death in these patients. The mechanisms linking NAFLD with cardiovascular disease are not fully understood yet, but attention was focused primarily on insulin resistance. The visceral adipose tissue, the epicardial adipose tissue, the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, the lipid profile, the procoagulants factors, the oxidative stress, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, they all might play a role in the link between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease. Currently, there isn’t any medication specifically recommended for the treatment of NAFLD. Although the mechanisms underlying the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease are not fully known, attention must be paid to this association, given that these patients are more likely to die due to heart disease rather than liver disease.
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACH OF GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS
Authors: Pojoga Cristina , Stănculete Mihaela Fadgyas
Published: July 2014

Gastrointestinal disorders represent are conditions frequently seen in primary care, usually associated with a poor quality of life, entailing increased direct and indirect costs. Disorders of the digestive tract frequently coexist with psychological impairment. Even in early times scientists were concerned about the influence of the mind over body, and that there are many theories that explain the interaction between psychological factors and the physical status. At the present time the most comprehensive theory is the biopsychosocial model.There are four categories of factors that have to be addressed by the physician (or the integrated team that manages the patient): disease-related, therapeutic-regimen- related, individual factors and psychopathological comorbidities. In the following paper we discuss these factors and their importance in clinical management of gastrointestinal disorders.
Сезонна динаміка антиоксидантних процесів у листках Acer negundo за дії полютантів
Authors: Khromykh N. A. , Bilchuk V. S. , Rossykhina-Galycha G. S. , Vinnychenko O. M.
Published: July 2014

Досліджено сезонну динаміку активності ферментів антиоксидантного захисту в листках Acer negundo L. з міських екосистем із різними типами антропогенного забруднення. Найзначніші зміни сезонної динаміки активності суперокисддисмутази (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) і каталази (САТ, EC 1.11.1.6) відбувались у листках за впливу вихлопів вантажівок і промислових викидів. Динаміка активності пероксидази (POD, EC 1.11.1.7) змінювалась несуттєво за зростання її кореляції з динамікою активності CAT, що відбиває узгодженість метаболічних шляхів знешкодження перекису водню за переважання каталазного в листках із забруднених ділянок. Виявлено різкі відмінності динаміки активності глутатіонпероксидази (GPX, EC 1.11.1.9) за всіх типів забруднення при посиленні її кореляції з динамікою SOD. За незначних змін динаміки активності глутатіон-S-трансферази (GST, EС 2.5.1.18) за дії полютантів посилився її від’ємний кореляційний зв’язок із динаміками активності SOD та GPX. Виявлені закономірності вказують на координованість антиоксидантного захисту за дії полютантів як ознаку метаболічної стійкості виду A. negundo.
Dose Estimate in Treatment and Disposal of Contaminated Materials due to the Accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Takeda Seiji , Sawaguchi Takuma , Kimura Hideo
Published: July 2014

Some kinds of material in the environment due to the accident at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant have been contaminated by radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs), which are represented by dehydrated sludge, surface soil and disaster wastes generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Treatment (transportation, temporary storage and incineration) and disposal of the contaminated materials should be carried out while ensuring the safety of radiation for the workers and the public. In this study, in order to provide the technical information for making the criteria, the dose estimation for scenarios on the treatment and disposal is conducted, based on the method used for driving the clearance levels in Japan. Minimum radioactive cesium concentration in contaminated material, that is, limiting activity concentration which is practicable for ordinary treatment and/or disposal, is calculated from the dose results, corresponding to the effective dose criteria indicated by the Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan. From the calculation result, it is suggested that it is necessary to forbid reusing the disposal site as construction, resident and agriculture in which the calculated doses for the public are higher than those in the other exposure pathways. Limiting concentration of radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) is derived to be 8,900Bq/kg for the external exposure pathway in landfill work under the condition of limited reuse of the site. In the case of the concentration below 8,900Bq/kg, the calculated dose of the resident due to direct and sky-shine radiation scattered in the air and ground from the interim storage place is less than 1mSv/y, irrespective of the distance from the storage place.
The Composition Pulling Effect in MOVPE Grown InGaN on GaN and AlGaN and its TEM Characterization
Authors: Hiramatsu K. , Kawaguchi Y. , Shimizu M. , Sawaki N. , Zheleva T. , Davis Robert F. , Tsuda H. , Taki W. , Kuwano N. , Oki K.
Published: July 2014

InGaN films have been grown on GaN and AlGaN epitaxial layers by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The “composition pulling effect” during the initial InGaN growth stages has been studied as a function of the lattice mismatch between the InGaN and the underlying epitaxial layer. The crystalline quality of the InGaN is good near the InGaN/GaN interface and the composition is close to that of GaN. However, with increasing InGaN film thickness, the crystal quality deteriorates and the indium mole fraction increases. The composition pulling effect becomes stronger with increasing lattice mismatch. It is suggested that indium atoms are excluded from the InGaN lattice during the early growth stages to reduce the deformation energy from the lattice mismatch. TEM observations of the InGaN/GaN structure reveal that the degradation of the crystalline quality of InGaN films grown on GaN is caused by pit formation which arises from edge dislocations propagating through the InGaN film from the underlying GaN.
Educação inclusiva: desafio, descuido e responsabilidade de cursos de licenciatura
Authors: Cruz Gilmar de Carvalho , Glat Rosana
Published: July 2014

O ensaio foca a formação obtida em cursos de graduação no âmbito das Licenciaturas e sua implicação na preparação profissional para a docência com vistas à inclusão escolar de alunos que apresentam necessidades educacionais especiais. Nesse contexto, a contribuição que os cursos de Licenciatura podem assumir no que diz respeito à ressignificação do espaço/tempo de formação profissional oferecido no âmbito da graduação é a interlocução problematizadora entre vivência e intervenção profissional que se dão ao longo do processo de construção do ser docente. A metáfora da orquestra alerta para a intencionalidade presente nos projetos de formação docente dos cursos de Licenciatura afinados com a ideia de uma Educação Inclusiva, como uma utopia necessária à escola.
O estado da arte de pesquisas sobre a educação de surdos no Brasil de 2007 a 2011
Authors: Pagnez Karina Soledad , Sofiato Cássia Geciauskas
Published: July 2014

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um estudo quantitativo-descritivo das pesquisas realizadas no Brasil no período de 2007 a 2011, com a busca realizada nos resumos de teses e dissertações disponíveis no Banco de Teses da Capes (www.capes.gov.br), tendo como palavras-chave: educação de surdos e Libras. A fim de analisar o corpus encontrado, foram definidas as seguintes categorias: (i) modalidade de produções, (ii) produções por ano, (iii) produções acadêmicas por universidades, (iv) áreas de concentração por ano, (v) temáticas escolhidas e quantidades por ano, (vi) tipos de pesquisa e quantidade por ano, (vii) referenciais teóricos relacionados à surdez e quantidades de citações por ano, (viii) órgãos de fomento à pesquisa. Destaca-se que, no período de cinco anos, foram defendidos 349 trabalhos, dentre os quais 281 dissertações de mestrado, 16 teses de doutorado e nove mestrados profissionais. A Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina foi o local em que foram realizadas 32 pesquisas no período, onde a área da Educação concentrou o maior número de trabalhos, totalizando 129, e a escolarização de surdos apresenta-se como temática recorrente com 30 trabalhos defendidos. O autor mais citado nos trabalhos é Vygotsky. De modo geral, os resumos apresentam limitações para a análise, o que impõe um desafio quanto à qualidade dos resumos das pesquisas que constam neste banco de dados.
Educação a distância na formação profissional continuada de professores da educação básica: analisando contratos e destratos didáticos a partir de um estudo de caso
Authors: Santos Gilberto Lacerda
Published: July 2014

Os conceitos de contrato e de destrato didáticos foram desenvolvidos por Lacerda Santos e Iunes (2013), em uma investigação sobre aspectos que facilitam a relação entre informática e educação - os chamados contratos didáticos - e sobre aqueles que dificultam o estabelecimento de tal relação - os chamados destratos didáticos. Neste texto, apresentamos uma discussão baseada nos resultados de uma observação participante de uma situação educativa virtual na qual contratos e destratos didáticos foram relacionados com indicadores de inclusão e de fluência digitais de professores da educação básica, condições imprescindíveis para o sucesso de toda e qualquer ação de formação profissional continuada mediada pelas Tecnologias Digitais de Informação, Comunicação e Expressão (TDICE). Trata-se do relato de um estudo de caso em que professores experientes e digitalmente incluídos foram colocados em situação de alunos de um curso de especialização a distância. As conclusões do estudo indicam a existência de um cenário ainda preocupante para a implantação de cursos de formação continuada em serviço, que têm a inclusão e a fluência digitais como prerrequisitos para o funcionamento dos cursos. Ressaltam-se também as dificuldades prementes na promoção da inclusão digital de professores, especialmente daqueles já engajados no mercado de trabalho, no exercício da profissão.
A escrita "literária" da narrativa na escola: condições e obstáculos
Authors: Tauveron Catherine
Published: July 2014

O artigo apresenta o quadro conceitual de uma pesquisa-ação, "A escrita literária da narrativa na escola", realizada pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa Pedagógica de Paris. Esta pesquisa, que se seguiu a outra sobre a leitura literária na escola, articula leitura literária e escrita literária. Ela postula a necessidade de estabelecer uma relação estética entre o aluno que escreve e seus leitores em classe. Há uma relação estética quando o primeiro, adotando uma postura de autor, se sente autorizado na comunidade da classe a desenvolver uma intenção artística singular e quando os segundos, abandonando seu olhar "ortopédico", consentem em ler os textos de seus pares como eles leriam os textos literários, adotando uma atenção estética suscetível de tornar a intenção artística singular manifestada e de fazê-la frutificar. Expõem-se em seguida as condições pedagógicas concretas para que aconteça a relação estética postulada. Em um segundo momento, apoiamo-nos em resultados de outra pesquisa, descritiva e qualitativa, sobre as representações (de escrita, das competências dos alunos), os critérios de avaliação e de aptidão à escrita/reescrita de 30 professores "comuns" no ensino fundamental e médio. A partir dos dados recolhidos são pontuados os elementos que causam obstáculo à legitimação da postura do autor em classe e à implementação das proposições da ação anterior, obstáculo o qual convém levar em conta no quadro de uma ação de formação.
Na história do ensino da literatura no Brasil: problemas e possibilidades para o século XXI
Authors: Mortatti Maria do Ros‡rio Longo
Published: July 2014

Serão problematizadas as relações entre literatura e ensino, com ênfase na história recente do ensino da literatura (infantil) na educação escolar brasileira. O objetivo é discutir a importância da leitura (literária) da configuração de textos literários para o processo de formação de leitores, assim como as implicações para a formação de professores para a educação infantil e anos iniciais do ensino fundamental.
Diversity and distribution of riffle beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Elmidae) in montane rivers of Southern Brazil
Authors: Braun Bruna Marmitt , Salvarrey Andrea Vanesa Batalla , Kotzian Carla Bender , Spies Marcia Regina , Pires Mateus Marques
Published: July 2014

The diversity and spatio-temporal distribution of Elmidae (Coleoptera) assemblages in montane rivers and streams of southernmost Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state) were studied. Six genera were found, represented mostly by larval specimens. Austrolimnius and Macrelmis are new occurrences in the region. Assemblages’ genera composition and dominance were related to the presence of the macrophyte Podostemum. Also, water temperature and stream depth and velocity were the most important drivers related to the assemblages’ distribution. Richness and abundance were positively related to high water velocity and negatively to stream depth. Temporal patterns were detected especially in assemblage abundance, yet a slight pattern in richness was also observed. The seasonal structure was related to warm temperatures, but temporal distribution of Elmidae assemblages appears to be related to the dominant genera life cycles. The studied area shows an overall Elmidae richness similar to that found in some tropical areas and the role of mountainous environments in sustaining high rates of regional diversity in the Neotropics is stated.