bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Murine Model of Persistent Inflammation, Immune Suppression, and Catabolism Syndrome
Authors: Pugh Amanda M. , Auteri Nicholas J. , Goetzman Holly S. , Caldwell Charles C. , Nomellini Vanessa
Published: August 2017

Critically ill patients that survive sepsis can develop a Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS), which often leads to extended recovery periods and multiple complications. Here, we utilized a cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) method in mice with the goal of creating a model that concurrently displays all the characteristics of PICS. We observed that, after eight days, mice that survive the CLP develop persistent inflammation with significant myelopoiesis in the bone marrow and spleen. These mice also demonstrate ongoing immune suppression, as evidenced by the decreased total and naïve splenic CD4 and CD8 T cells with a concomitant increase in immature myeloid cells. The mice further display significant weight loss and decreased muscle mass, indicating a state of ongoing catabolism. When PICS mice are challenged with intranasal Pseudomonas aeruginosa, mortality is significantly elevated compared to sham mice. This mortality difference is associated with increased bacterial loads in the lung, as well as impaired neutrophil migration and neutrophil dysfunction in the PICS mice. Altogether, we have created a sepsis model that concurrently exhibits PICS characteristics. We postulate that this will help determine the mechanisms underlying PICS and identify potential therapeutic targets to improve outcomes for this patient population.
Review of Recent Type-2 Fuzzy Image Processing Applications
Authors: Castillo Oscar , Sanchez Mauricio , Gonzalez Claudia , Martinez Gabriela
Published: August 2017

This paper presents a literature review of applications using type-2 fuzzy systems in the area of image processing. Over the last years, there has been a significant increase in research on higher-order forms of fuzzy logic; in particular, the use of interval type-2 fuzzy sets and general type-2 fuzzy sets. The idea of making use of higher orders, or types, of fuzzy logic is to capture and represent uncertainty that is more complex. This paper is focused on image processing systems, which includes image segmentation, image filtering, image classification and edge detection. Various applications are presented where general type-2 fuzzy sets, interval type-2 fuzzy sets, and interval-value fuzzy sets are used; some are compared with the traditional type-1 fuzzy sets and others methodologies that exist in the literature for these areas in image processing. In all accounts, it is shown that type-2 fuzzy sets outperform both traditional image processing techniques as well as techniques using type-1 fuzzy sets, and provide the ability to handle uncertainty when the image is corrupted by noise.
On-Line RSSI-Range Model Learning for Target Localization and Tracking
Authors: Ramiro Martínez-de Dios José , Ollero Anibal , Fernández Francisco , Regoli Carolina
Published: August 2017

The interactions of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) with the environment are very difficult to be modeled, inducing significant errors in RSSI-range models and highly disturbing target localization and tracking methods. Some techniques adopt a training-based approach in which they off-line learn the RSSI-range characteristics of the environment in a prior training phase. However, the training phase is a time-consuming process and must be repeated in case of changes in the environment, constraining flexibility and adaptability. This paper presents schemes in which each anchor node on-line learns its RSSI-range models adapted to the particularities of its environment and then uses its trained model for target localization and tracking. Two methods are presented. The first uses the information of the location of anchor nodes to dynamically adapt the RSSI-range model. In the second one, each anchor node uses estimates of the target location –anchor nodes are assumed equipped with cameras—to on-line adapt its RSSI-range model. The paper presents both methods, describes their operation integrated in localization and tracking schemes and experimentally evaluates their performance in the UBILOC testbed.
Laser Textured Surfaces for Mixed Lubrication: Influence of Aspect Ratio, Textured Area and Dimple Arrangement
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Braun Daniel , Greiner Christian
Published: August 2017

Unidirectional sliding experiments with polished and laser textured steel surfaces were carried out to investigate the effects of different textured area densities, aspect ratios and dimple arrangements. The system was lubricated with Polyalphaolefin (PAO) at 100 °C and the contact pressure was 3 MPa. For measuring Stribeck curves, the sliding speed was controlled between 40 and 2000 mm/s. The textured area density was varied between 5% and 30%, with the lowest friction values found for 10%. Aspect ratios ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 were investigated and for 0.1 the lowest friction values were measured. The dimple arrangements tested were cubic, hexagonal and a random distribution for a textured area density of 10% and an aspect ratio of 0.1. Our results demonstrate that the dimple arrangement does affect friction values, hinting to the fact that individual texture elements do influence each other. The optimum dimple arrangement was found in a hexagonal packing. This systematic variation of these three key texturing parameters for the morphological texturing of a tribological surface with dimples will allow a strategic choice of texturing parameters. This makes the most of the tremendous potential that laser surface texturing has for reducing friction forces and thereby CO2 emissions.
Two Furanosesterterpenoids from the Sponge Luffariella variabilis
Authors: Ahmadi Peni , Higashi Masahiro , Voogd Nicole J. de , Tanaka Junichi
Published: August 2017

Two new sesterterpenoids, 1 and 2, were isolated from the sponge Luffariella variabilis. Their planar structures were characterized with spectroscopic analyses. The sole chiral center of compound 1 was elucidated as 12R by comparing observed and calculated optical rotation values. The configurations of compound 2 were determined by NMR and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) studies. Furthermore, compound 2 showed cytotoxicity at IC50 1.0 µM against NBT-T2 cells.
FEM Simulation of Dissimilar Aluminum Titanium Fiber Laser Welding Using 2D and 3D Gaussian Heat Sources
Authors: D’Ostuni Sonia , Leo Paola , Casalino Giuseppe
Published: August 2017

For a dissimilar laser weld, the model of the heat source is a paramount boundary condition for the prediction of the thermal phenomena, which occur during the welding cycle. In this paper, both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) Gaussian heat sources were studied for the thermal analysis of the fiber laser welding of titanium and aluminum dissimilar butt joint. The models were calibrated comparing the fusion zone of the experiment with that of the numerical model. The actual temperature during the welding cycle was registered by a thermocouple and used for validation of the numerical model. When it came to calculate the fusion zone dimensions in the transversal section, the 2D heat source showed more accurate results. The 3D heat source provided better results for the simulated weld pool and cooling rate.
Technological and Profitable Analysis of Airlifting in Deep Sea Mining Systems
Authors: Ma Wenbin , Van Rhee Cees , Schott Dingena
Published: August 2017

Airlifting technology utilized in deep-sea mining (DSM) industry was proposed in the 70s of last century, which was triggered by the discovery of vast amounts of mineral resources on the seabed. The objective of this paper is to assess the technological feasibility and profitability analyses in terms of solid production rate, energy consumption per tonnage of mineral, and profitability per tonnage of mineral. The effects of submergence ratio, pipe diameter, particle diameter, mining depth, and gas flux rate are investigated. The analysis is based on a numerical calculation performed in a Matlab environment. The research reported in this paper can assist to select an optimal transport plan for DSM projects depending on its solid production rate, energy consumption, and profitability.
Performance of Electropun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibrous Phases, Shown for the Separation of Water-Soluble Food Dyes via UTLC-Vis-ESI-MS
Authors: Niamlang Pimolpun , Supaphol Pitt , Morlock Gertrud
Published: August 2017

Research in the miniaturization of planar chromatography led to various approaches in manufacturing ultrathin-layer chromatography (UTLC) layers of reduced thickness (<50 µm) along with smaller instrumentation, as targeted in Office Chromatography. This novel concept merges 3D print & media technologies with miniaturized planar chromatography to realize an all-in-one instrument, in which all steps of UTLC are automated and integrated in the same tiny device. In this context, the development of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber phases was investigated as well as its performance. A nanofibrous stationary phase with fiber diameters of 150–225 nm and a thickness of ca. 25 µm was manufactured. Mixtures of water-soluble food dyes were printed on it using a modified office printer, and successfully separated to illustrate the capabilities of such UTLC media. The separation took 8 min for 30 mm and was faster (up to a factor of 2) than on particulate layers. The mean hRF values ranging from 25 to 90 for the five food dyes were well spread over the migration distance, with an overall reproducibility of 7% (mean %RSD over 5 different plates for 5 dyes). The individual mean plate numbers over 5 plates ranged between 8286 and 22,885 (mean of 11,722 over all 5 dyes). The single mean resolutions RS were between 1.7 and 6.5 (for the 5 food dyes over 5 plates), with highly satisfying reproducibilities (0.3 as mean deviation of RS). Using videodensitometry, different amounts separated in parallel led to reliable linear calibrations for each dye (sdv of 3.1–9.1% for peak heights and 2.4–9.3% for peak areas). Coupling to mass spectrometry via an elution head-based interface was successfully demonstrated for such ultrathin layers, showing several advantages such as a reduced cleaning process and a minimum zone distance. All these results underline the potential of electrospun nanofibrous phases to succeed as affordable stationary phase for quantitative UTLC.
Auxiliary Sensor-Based Borehole Transient Electromagnetic System for the Nondestructive Inspection of Multipipe Strings
Authors: Dang Bo , Yang Ling , Du Na , Liu Changzan , Dang Ruirong , Wang Bin , Xie Yan
Published: August 2017

Transient electromagnetic (TEM) techniques are widely used in the field of geophysical prospecting. In borehole detection, the nondestructive inspection (NDI) of a metal pipe can be performed efficiently using the properties of eddy currents. However, with increasing concern for safety in oil and gas production, more than one string of pipe is used to protect wellbores, which complicates data interpretation. In this paper, an auxiliary sensor-based borehole TEM system for the NDI of multipipe strings is presented. On the basis of the characteristics of the borehole TEM model, we investigate the principle behind the NDI of multipipe strings using multiple time slices of induced electromotive force (EMF) in a single sensor. The results show that the detection performance of NDI is strongly influenced by eddy-current diffusion in the longitudinal direction. To solve this problem, we used time slices of the induced EMF in both the main and auxiliary sensors. The performance of the proposed system was verified by applying it to an oil well with a production casing and liner. Moreover, field experiments were conducted, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Figure of Merit Enhancement of a Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Using a Low-Refractive-Index Porous Silica Film
Authors: Meng Qing-Qing , Zhao Xin , Lin Cheng-You , Chen Shu-Jing , Ding Ying-Chun , Chen Zhao-Yang
Published: August 2017

In this paper; the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor with a porous silica film was studied. The effect of the thickness and porosity of the porous silica film on the performance of the sensor was analyzed. The results indicated that the figure of merit (FOM) of an SPR sensor can be enhanced by using a porous silica film with a low-refractive-index. Particularly; the FOM of an SPR sensor with 40 nm thick 90% porosity porous silica film; whose refractive index is 1.04 was improved by 311% when compared with that of a traditional SPR sensor. Furthermore; it was found that the decrease in the refractive index or the increase in the thickness of the low-refractive-index porous silica film can enlarge the FOM enhancement. It is believed that the proposed SPR sensor with a low-refractive-index porous silica film will be helpful for high-performance SPR sensors development.
Effects of the European Union Agricultural and Environmental Policies in the Sustainability of Most Common Mediterranean Soils
Authors: Nunes José , Bonito António , Loures Luis , Gama José , López-Piñeiro Antonio , Peña David , Albarrán Ángel
Published: August 2017

Agro-environmental measures promoted by the European Union focus mainly on environmental protection by maintaining sustainable levels of productivity that are adequate to the agro-ecological conditions of each region on different Member States. Among these European Union promoted measures the one known as “Extensive Forage Systems” is particularly relevant for the Mediterranean Region. In order to analyze the impact of this measure and to verify if the high expenditure of communitarian funds, with its implementation in Mediterranean soils, is aligned with the predicted benefits, a seven-year study in a southern Portugal region was conducted. In this regard, several soil chemical parameters such as organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, “available” phosphorus, “available” potassium and heavy metal levels (Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb and Ni), were assessed, in 1329 different plots in order to represent some of the existing diversity of the Mediterranean environment, identified by the Portuguese Parcel Identification System, and considering the possibility to evaluate the evolution of these parameters on the main soil types of the region. The obtained results enabled us to verify that the application of the agro-environmental measure “Extensive Forage Systems” did not lead, during the 7 years of the study, to any significant change in terms of organic matter, soil pH and/or heavy metals content. Still it contributed for a small growth on “available” phosphorus and potassium levels and to a significant increase on Soil electrical conductivity (EC). As a final conclusion we can refer that the application of the agro-environmental measure “Extensive Forage Systems”, in soil, clime and cultural conditions prevailing in this study (Typical Mediterranean conditions from the South of Europe), did not reach its main objective, which was to increase the organic matter content in soils.
Process-specific mechanisms of vertically oriented graphene growth in plasmas
Authors: Ghosh Subrata , Polaki Shyamal R , Kumar Niranjan , Amirthapandian Sankarakumar , Kamruddin Mohamed , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: August 2017

Applications of plasma-produced vertically oriented graphene nanosheets (VGNs) rely on their unique structure and morphology, which can be tuned by the process parameters to understand the growth mechanism. Here, we report on the effect of the key process parameters such as deposition temperature, discharge power and distance from plasma source to substrate on the catalyst-free growth of VGNs in microwave plasmas. A direct evidence for the initiation of vertical growth through nanoscale graphitic islands is obtained from the temperature-dependent growth rates where the activation energy is found to be as low as 0.57 eV. It is shown that the growth rate and the structural quality of the films could be enhanced by (a) increasing the substrate temperature, (b) decreasing the distance between the microwave plasma source and the substrate, and (c) increasing the discharge power. The correlation between the wetting characteristics, morphology and structural quality is established. It is also demonstrated that morphology, crystallinity, wettability and sheet resistance of the VGNs can be varied while maintaining the same sp3 content in the film. The effects of the substrate temperature and the electric field in vertical alignment of the graphene sheets are reported. These findings help to develop and optimize the process conditions to produce VGNs tailored for applications including sensing, field emission, catalysis and energy storage.
Unlocking Diversity in Germplasm Collections via Genomic Selection: A Case Study Based on Quantitative Adult Plant Resistance to Stripe Rust in Spring Wheat
Authors: Muleta Kebede T. , Bulli Peter , Zhang Zhiwu , Chen Xianming , Pumphrey Michael
Published: August 2017

Harnessing diversity from germplasm collections is more feasible today because of the development of lower‐cost and higher‐throughput genotyping methods. However, the cost of phenotyping is still generally high, so efficient methods of sampling and exploiting useful diversity are needed. Genomic selection (GS) has the potential to enhance the use of desirable genetic variation in germplasm collections through predicting the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for all traits that have been measured. Here, we evaluated the effects of various scenarios of population genetic properties and marker density on the accuracy of GEBVs in the context of applying GS for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germplasm use. Empirical data for adult plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) collected on 1163 spring wheat accessions and genotypic data based on the wheat 9K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) iSelect assay were used for various genomic prediction tests. Unsurprisingly, the results of the cross‐validation tests demonstrated that prediction accuracy increased with an increase in training population size and marker density. It was evident that using all the available markers (5619) was unnecessary for capturing the trait variation in the germplasm collection, with no further gain in prediction accuracy beyond 1 SNP per 3.2 cM (∼1850 markers), which is close to the linkage disequilibrium decay rate in this population. Collectively, our results suggest that larger germplasm collections may be efficiently sampled via lower‐density genotyping methods, whereas genetic relationships between the training and validation populations remain critical when exploiting GS to select from germplasm collections.
Neurobiology of Yoga Practice
Authors: Santaella Danilo Forghieri , Afonso Rui Ferreira , Kozasa Elisa H.
Published: August 2017

Although self-knowledge and behavior training have been substantial parts of Yoga for many centuries, neuroscience approach towards the effects of Yoga on cognition and brain functioning/structure is a pretty new field of research. As technology advances, new technical support is gained to investigate long ago experienced traditional Yoga practices. To the extent Yoga gains more supporters all over the world, growing interest arises from many laboratories and research centers in unraveling the “mysteries” surrounding its techniques, making this way a bridge between tradition and science.
Yoga for Children
Authors: Vorkapic Camila Ferreira
Published: August 2017

Yoga is an ancient mind-body practice originated in India more than 2.000 years ago and is described systematically early on. The research on the psychophysiological benefits of yoga in children has been found to improve concentration, attention, memory, resilience, mood, self-control, academic performance, psychomotor and cardiac functions, as well as metabolic parameters. Consequently, yoga seems to help children with attention problems such as ADHD, and with special needs or during physical rehabilitation. Therefore, yoga might represent an important life skill tool for all children to deal with health issues, cognitive challenges and emotinal self-regulation. In this chapter, the supporting evidence of yoga for children will be discussed, as well as the effectiveness of frequency, duration and the issue of age appropriateness. Among many reasons, but specially due to their brain maturity, children's yoga is not a version of yoga for adults, it is a unique practice where children should allow to have fun while they experience the well known health benefits of yoga.
Foundations for Yoga Practice in Rehabilitation
Authors: Garner Ginger
Published: August 2017

Yoga, as both a science and art, elicits neurochemical response mediated by neurophysiological mechanisms, and when used in rehabilitation, can honor both its cultural philosophy while evolving as an evidence-based therapy. The central theme of this chapter is to provide a foundation for a novel yogic model of rehabilitation practice using proposed common psychotherapeutic and physiological factors that affect patient outcomes. This model is guided by Ten Precepts that can guide the use of yoga in rehabilitation as a medical, therapeutic, yoga, in order to foster evidence-based practice, which is representative of best practice techniques in rehabilitation. The 10 Precepts include guidelines on optimization of patient assessment and intervention, education, respiratory function as a first-line psychophysiological intervention, fostering stability and safety through six evidence-based neurophysiological principles, inclusion of Ayurveda and other yogic tools, and non-dogmatic yoga practice in rehabilitation.
I See Therefore I Think
Authors: Torres J. T.
Published: August 2017

This chapter uses cognitive theory of information processing to demonstrate the role of visual learning in the context of reading and writing. According to the theory, individuals do not take a singular approach to processing information. Rather, they experience the world through visual and verbal channels. Information is then organized by working memory into more comprehensive models—the visuo-spatial sketchpad and the phonological loop. The author considers pedagogical strategies for writing instruction that rely on the multimedia principle, which states that our minds work best when learning combines the visual with the aural. The specific mission of the chapter is to show how the multimedia principle can benefit writing instruction in three different contexts: 1) reading and writing comprehension, 2) narrative writing, and 3) grammar usage. The chapter concludes with the suggestion that learning through images is not just a cultural phenomenon, but also a scientific one.
Self-Mapping
Authors: Anae Nicole
Published: August 2017

Self-mapping is a self-reflection paradigm in which the self-mapper, through self-produced images, documents their thoughts about intellectual journeys, professional/personal aims, courses of action, mapping milestones (“memes”), as well as the navigational points to achieve the goals. Self-mapping methodology places the “self-as-researcher” inside a creative process, in which the “self” identifies institutional requirements (e.g., toward candidature, promotion, publications, etc.) and symbolically visualises the progress toward identifiable end-goals. This chapter explores the importance of images and visual media in placing the self within contemporary instructional cultures of an individual's reality. It argues that the images are specific, purposeful, and personal rather than auxiliary to other forms of visual meaning-making. The process empowers self-mappers to participate in a visual culture of “a future self” that is of their own creation.
A Terrible Beauty is Born!
Authors: August Anita
Published: August 2017

The aim of this chapter is to examine William Butler Yeats's use of trauma as visual metadata during the Easter Rebellion in 1916 to raise critical consciousness for future rebellions in Ireland. Previous examinations of Yeats's “Easter, 1916” focus almost exclusively on the call for rebellion. This appeal however overlooks Yeats's challenge to preserve the spirit of resistance by focalizing on the unseen liberation within him and Ireland that remained despite the failed rebellion. With 2016 marking 100 years of “Easter, 1916,” as the most popular of Yeats's political poems, the rhetorical appeal in this chapter will take a cognitive rather than aesthetic approach to illuminate Yeats's epistemic ambition in “Easter, 1916.” This chapter represents an attempt to evaluate “Easter, 1916” also as poetry of resistance, but to analyze the extent to which Yeats employs visualizing as metadata to constitute and govern his audience's visualizing practices to inspire civic and political action.
From Page to Screen
Authors: Goodman Claire , Hassan Lynn
Published: August 2017

This chapter analyzes the practices and teaching philosophies underpinning a cross-genre graduate class: From Page to Screen. It discusses how transformative learning tools engage students in a progressive learning arc, moving from a traditional semiotic domain (classic literary short story) to a new semiotic domain (short film). It demonstrates the journey from theory to practice, wherein experimentation, collaboration and actualization produces a final “product” that is visual and performed, derived from a text-based literary form. The class trajectory is instructive for students needing to gain multi-modal skills for professional engagement where the writing and development of scripts are the bread and butter of the media world. The chapter asserts the need to look at all forms of communication in terms of their representation across different modes – linguistic, actional, and visual – that have different organization and meaning-making systems.
Using Eye Movement to Study Adolescents' Comprehension of Visual Texts
Authors: Wolfe Paula
Published: August 2017

This research used eye movement tracking to study the ways adolescents decode and comprehend multimodal texts. The focus is on eye movement regression between text and picture to investigate how participants use the two-stage information-processing model when attempting to comprehend visual texts. Ten adolescents ranging in age from 14 to 19 were asked to read a series of different types of visually based texts. Specifically, they read six short excerpts from graphic novels that varied widely in the complexity of both textual and visual features. The narratives included graphic novels, graphic retellings of canonical texts, and wordless visual texts.
Creating University Spaces of Inspiration
Authors: Densten Iain
Published: August 2017

Our review and research examines the power bases and influences university lecturers can deploy to motivate their students to learn. Lecturers are in similar situations as leaders, that is, to be successfully they must secure scarce resources. In other words, lecturers must convince students to deploy their scarce resources of time and effort to the task of learning. The research examines which (a) workplace ideas can be applied to a university learning space, (b) key environmental influences, (c) the core influence tactic to gain and influence the attention of students, (d) the supplementary tactics to gain and influence the attention of students, and finally, (e) five case studies are present which demonstrate how space for inspiration can be created. This research attempts to provide an in-depth understanding of how power and influence exist in the learning environment and can be used to create university space for inspiration. Simply put, for inspiration to occur the politics and environment must be enabling rather than inhibiting.
The Call to Teach Human Capital Analytics
Authors: Trusson Clive
Published: August 2017

The Human Resource Management profession has increasingly taken an interest in applying analytical techniques to data collected concerning organizational human resources, typically referred to as human capital analytics. However, as yet, the teaching of such techniques has not become prevalent within professional training. This chapter intends to inform and support teachers of HRM who need to engage with the discourse surrounding this important new area for the profession. It includes the presentation of a process model for teaching human capital analytics to HRM professionals and a discussion on the implications for the HRM profession of the ‘rise' of human capital analytics. These include the need to include human capital analytics within taught HRM professional programmes and an urgent requirement for credible empirically-based research in the area of human capital analytics to support the development of teaching content.
Memetic Algorithms and Their Applications in Computer Science
Authors: Tripathy B. K. , T. R. Sooraj , Mohanty R. K.
Published: August 2017

The term “memetic algorithm” was introduced by Moscato is an extension of the traditional genetic algorithm. It uses a local search technique to reduce the likelihood of the premature convergence. Memetic algorithms are intrinsically concerned with exploiting all available knowledge about the problem under study. MAs are population-based metaheuristics. In this chapter we explore the applications of memetic algorithms to problems within the domains of image processing, data clustering and Graph coloring, i.e., how we can use the memetic algorithms in graph coloring problems, how it can be used in clustering based problems and how it is useful in image processing. Here, we discuss how these algorithms can be used for optimization problems. We conclude by reinforcing the importance of research on the areas of metaheuristics for optimization.
Automatic Test Data Generation Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms
Authors: Panda Madhumita , Dash Sujata
Published: August 2017

This chapter presents an overview of some widely accepted bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithms which would be helpful in solving the problems of software testing. Testing is an integral part of the software development process. A sizable number of Nature based algorithms coming under the per- view of metaheuristics have been used by researchers to solve practical problems of different disciplines of engineering and computer science, and software engineering. Here an exhaustive review of metaheuristic algorithms which have been employed to optimize the solution of test data generation for past 20 -30 years is presented. In addition to this, authors have reviewed their own work has been developed particularly to generate test data for path coverage based testing using Cuckoo Search and Gravitational Search algorithms. Also, an extensive comparison with the results obtained using Genetic Algorithms, Particle swarm optimization, Differential Evolution and Artificial Bee Colony algorithm are presented to establish the significance of the study.
Competency Mapping in Academic Environment
Authors: Rout Sushri Samita , Misra Bijan Bihari
Published: August 2017

This chapter will discuss and present a new model to perform a competency map in an educational institute which has moderate number of faculty members on whom the map has to be performed. Performing such a map is a tough but essential task. Hence utmost objectivity must be followed for the procedure. In this chapter the authors performed academic load assignment to the faculty members of a particular dept at the onset of a semester. Few parameters that have been considered as the input parameters are depth of knowledge, sincerity, class management, contribution towards research, text book publication. part from that one of the main concerns is the assignment is done by taking into consideration the preferences of a particular faculty in terms of teaching a subject. There are number of constraints which need to be considered while making the load assignment. The AICTE guidelines for teaching load allotment have been considered as a baseline. The MOPSO has been used to perform the competency map and the simulation results have been presented to show the effectiveness of the method.
A Comprehensive Review of Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Feature Selection
Authors: P Kauser Ahmed , N Senthil Kumar
Published: August 2017

Due to advancement in technology, a huge volume of data is generated. Extracting knowledgeable data from this voluminous information is a difficult task. Therefore, machine learning techniques like classification, clustering, information retrieval, feature selection and data analysis has become core of recent research. These techniques can also be solved using Nature Inspired Algorithms. Nature Inspired Algorithms is inspired by processes, observed from nature. Feature Selection is helpful in finding subset of prominent components to enhance prescient precision and to expel the excess features. This chapter surveys seven nature inspired algorithms, namely Particle Swarm Optimization, Ant Colony Optimization Algorithms, Artificial Bees Colony Algorithms, Firefly Algorithms, Bat Algorithms, Cuckoo Search and Genetic Algorithms and its application in feature selections. The significance of this chapter is to present comprehensive review of nature inspired algorithms to be applied in feature selections.
Human-Computer Interaction With Big Data Analytics
Authors: Manogaran Gunasekaran , Thota Chandu , Lopez Daphne
Published: August 2017

Big Data has been playing a vital role in almost all environments such as healthcare, education, business organizations and scientific research. Big data analytics requires advanced tools and techniques to store, process and analyze the huge volume of data. Big data consists of huge unstructured data that require advance real-time analysis. Thus, nowadays many of the researchers are interested in developing advance technologies and algorithms to solve the issues when dealing with big data. Big Data has gained much attention from many private organizations, public sector and research institutes. This chapter provides an overview of the state-of-the-art algorithms for processing big data, as well as the characteristics, applications, opportunities and challenges of big data systems. This chapter also presents the challenges and issues in human computer interaction with big data analytics.
Privacy Preserving Big Data Publishing
Authors: Victor Nancy , Lopez Daphne
Published: August 2017

Data privacy plays a noteworthy part in today's digital world where information is gathered at exceptional rates from different sources. Privacy preserving data publishing refers to the process of publishing personal data without questioning the privacy of individuals in any manner. A variety of approaches have been devised to forfend consumer privacy by applying traditional anonymization mechanisms. But these mechanisms are not well suited for Big Data, as the data which is generated nowadays is not just structured in manner. The data which is generated at very high velocities from various sources includes unstructured and semi-structured information, and thus becomes very difficult to process using traditional mechanisms. This chapter focuses on the various challenges with Big Data, PPDM and PPDP techniques for Big Data and how well it can be scaled for processing both historical and real-time data together using Lambda architecture. A distributed framework for privacy preservation in Big Data by combining Natural language processing techniques is also proposed in this chapter.
Prediction of Cancer Disease Using Classification Techniques in Map Reduce Programming Model
Authors: Durai M. A. Saleem , M. Anbarasi , Handa Jaiti
Published: August 2017

As the volume of data is increasing with time the primary issue is how to store and process such data and get useful information out of it. Analysis of classification algorithms and MapReduce programming model has led to the conclusion that the distributed file system and parallel computing attributes of MapReduce are good for designing classifier model. The major reason for it is parallel processing of data in which data is divided and processed in parallel and the output from each is reduced further for a single output. In this paper, we are going to study how to use MapReduce model to build classifier model. We are using cancer dataset to predict if a person has cancer or not by using Naive Bayes and KNN classification algorithms. We have compared them on the basis on computational time and the factors like sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In the end, we would be able to compare these two algorithms and tell which one works better on MapReduce programming model
Case Studies in Amalgamation of Deep Learning and Big Data
Authors: Jeyakumar Balajee , Durai M.A. Saleem , Lopez Daphne
Published: August 2017

Deep learning is now more popular research domain in machine learning and pattern recognition in the world. It is widely success in the far-reaching area of applications such as Speech recognition, Computer vision, Natural language processing and Reinforcement learning. With the absolute amount of data accessible nowadays, big data brings chances and transformative possible for several sectors, on the other hand, it also performs on the unpredicted defies to connecting data and information. The size of the data is getting larger, and deep learning is imminent to play a vital role in big data predictive analytics solutions. In this paper, we make available a brief outline of deep learning and focus recent research efforts and the challenges in the fields of science, medical and water resource system.
Cultural E-Tourism Depicted by Digital Discourse
Authors: Andrade Pedro
Published: August 2017

This chapter aims to reflect on cultural e-tourism and the regimes of innovative discourses about this process. Cultural e-tourists look for fruition in what regards the cultural e-heritage, which means the cultural heritage propagated through the discourses of digital media and cyberspace, but in connection with physical mobilities and urban institutional discourses. Mobilities refer to processes, actors and things that are on the move within our contemporary society, namely across social and discursive networks. The author also presents some previous personal research about leisure, tourism, urban cultures and arts, that compared pre-modern, modern, and post-modern configurations of tourism's processes. Projects on this subject should be more debated among social science scientists, tourism professionals, and citizens. In particular, projects about innovative mobilities and cultural e-heritage discourses at diverse localities, where local public policies intend to constitute them as smart cities and as UNESCO Creative cities.
Nascent Social Entrepreneurship
Authors: López-Cózar-Navarro Cristina , Priede-Bergamini Tiziana
Published: August 2017

In the past few decades a new way of responding to social and environmental problems has emerge: the social entrepreneurship. It is presented as a special type of venture, in which the creation of social value prevails over the maximization of profits. Thus, the main objective of these type of venture is to serve the community and to search for a positive social change. In this chapter, in addition to presenting the concept of social entrepreneurship within the so-called third sector and its various approaches, the main legal forms are also presented, from the cooperatives to the newest initiatives carried out in different countries. Likewise, the different sources of funding that can used by social entrepreneurs, especially business angels and crowdfunding, are detailed. Finally, new trends such as the bottom of the pyramid and the positive social change are addressed within social entrepreneurship.
Nascent Entrepreneurship and Sustainability on the Beverage Sector
Authors: Almeida Rita Miranda , Abreu Rute , Perez-Lopez José A.
Published: August 2017

This research analyses the nascent entrepreneurship and sustainability on the beverage sector through the financial performance of the new emerging business of Portuguese companies. It explains the economic and financial results of new and older companies and discuss the best strategies adopted by them. Most companies are small, characterized by the same selling products: natural mineral water and spring water, flavoured water and soft drinks. Indeed, the research address the sustainability challenges, demands of major investments in sustainable businesses that will provide triple bottom line. The research adds knowledge and transfer to the society, because it is unusual research about entrepreneurship in beverage sector through the new demands on the market reality.
Nurturing Compassion-Based Empathy
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Jasmi Kamarul Azmi , Embong Wan Hassan Wan , Safar Jimaain , Mohamad Ahmad Marzuki , Mohamed Ahmad Kilani , Muhamad Nasrul Hisyam Nor , Alas Yabit , Rahman Sri Kartika A.
Published: August 2017

In the last decade, the emergence of violence has been since visible among the youth in school and even in higher education (HE). The number is various forms such as bullying, cyber bullying and even bullying victimization. It can be seen that forms of instance reported are many violence which refers to the perpetration among the school aged students. This paper aims to examine the problems on violence at any forms to propose a model to solve the knowledge set of compassionate based empathy. The findings reveal that the series of feeling mindful of self and social empathy should be developed to enhance the awareness with the ability to interact and care among HE. Providing the framework for the current issue of impending futile effort in terms of caring for terminal patients, nurturing compassionate based empathy could be one of the sources to assist the knowledge on the instructional design and assessment through best practice to improve the social and self-empathy awareness with compassion in HE.
EHealth Interventions for People Suffering From Sleep Problems and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Langrial Sitwat Usman , Lappalainen Päivi
Published: August 2017

This chapter highlights qualitative findings from two field studies that focused on supporting people with sleeplessness (Study 1) and moderate depression (Study II). Both the studies were designed to examine the prospective impact of reminders and rehearsal on the effectiveness of web- based eHealth interventions. The interventions were incorporated with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. In this chapter, qualitative findings are reported with an aim to highlight issues that are at times overlooked. Further, the findings are expected to help researchers better understand eHealth interventions for mental health care. Results from the two studies uncover interesting contrasts. While the participants of the Study I (Sleeplessness) generally did not find reminders to be helpful, on the contrary, the participants of study II (Moderate Depression) largely approved reminders especially in terms of task completion. In terms of rehearsal, participants from both the studies approved the virtual exercises in terms of learning desirable self-help behaviors. Finally, the chapter highlights some of the grey areas in the field of eHealth interventions for mental health care. The identified grey areas are expected to create opportunities for further research and advances in the field of mental health care.
Neurotechnology in the Development of Cyber-Psychotherapy Systems for Inducing and Measuring Altered States of Consciousness in Transpersonal Psychotherapy
Authors: Valverde Raul
Published: August 2017

Transpersonal psychotherapy is based on transpersonal psychology and considers that the psyche is multidimensional and that there are several “levels of consciousness” and each has different characteristics and is governed by different laws. Transpersonal psychology is the study of human nature and proceeds on the assumption that human beings possess potentials that exceed the limits of their ego and integrate the spiritual experience within a broader understanding of the human psyche and consciousness. Altered states of consciousness have been used as psychotherapy in transpersonal psychology for decades. Although there are very well known techniques to induce altered state of consciousness as holotropic breathwork, Neurotechnology offers an alternative way not only to induce these states for transpersonal therapy but also to measure the level of a state of consciousness. The objective of this chapter is to provide a review of the main concepts of Neurotechnology and the main technologies that can be used to induce and measure altered state of consciousness for transpersonal psychotherapy and propose an architecture for a Cyber psychotherapy system that uses these technologies.
The Development of Ethical Guidelines for Online Counselling and Psychotherapy
Authors: Goss Stephen , Anthony Kate Elizabeth
Published: August 2017

The history and development of guidelines on the ethics of providing online counselling and guidance are considered. Some issues the authors have found to be of particular importance are highlighted with reference to particular publications as exemplars of the ongoing development of ethical practice in this field. Changes in ethical guidelines produced by the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP) are examined to elucidate the evolution in ethical thinking and practice that has been necessitated by the continual rapid development of technological applications relevant to mental health care that have typified the field and led to the current approach which defines competencies required. The article ends with a look to the advent of web 2.0 philosophies and the need for practitioners to remain constantly vigilant with regard to their work.
The International Migration Movements and Immigrant Policies From the Ottoman Empire 1299 to Republican Turkey 2016
Authors: Tüzünkan Demet
Published: August 2017

During times when the Ottoman Empire gained more land from its foundation in 1299 until declaration of Republic in 1923, by settling Muslim communities in each newly conquered territory, and yet seeking rights of foreign subjects, Ottoman Empire exhibited both a religious and yet liberal and democratic migration policy. Even though migration policies from 1299 to present day have changed over time along with reasons behind the migrations, it cannot be said that concepts of Islamism and Turkism, that have existed/been felt at the core of these laws, have been distanced. During this study, titles such as Immigration and Immigrant Rights during Ottoman Empire, Immigrations and Immigrant Rights in the Republic of Turkey, Migration Policies in Development Plans, will be handled together with Migration Data and respective general assessments were made in the conclusion.
Social Capital and Immigrants
Authors: Menteşe Mehmet
Published: August 2017

The world is facing an uncontrollable wave of immigration at an increasingly rapid pace. So much so that even the countries where a large majority of population is immigrant have begun to deport newly arrived immigrants. Some European countries also have been building huge walls or fencing barbed wires in their borders to keep out illegal immigrants. Some European states are also considering stopping the Schengen visa application which has been in practice for a long time. But, the social capital that the OECD defines as the glue may be one of the solutions we seek. In this study, both the possible individual and social benefits of the social capital of refugees forced to leave their countries and of the immigrants with temporary protected status will be assessed.