bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vectores Virtuales de Tensión en Control Directo de Par para una Máquina de Inducción de Seis Fases
Authors: García Entrambasaguas Paula , González Prieto Ignacio , Durán Martínez Mario Javier , Bermúdez Guzmán Mario , Barrero García Federico José
Published: September 2018

Las máquinas multifásicas se presentan como una alternativa real en aquellas aplicaciones industriales que requieren unas mejores prestaciones que las proporcionadas por los sistemas convencionales trifásicos. La tendencia habitual para su regulación ha sido extender los métodos de control de sistemas trifásicos a las nuevas condiciones multifásicas. Dentro de los métodos de control estándar en accionamientos trifásicos se encuentra el control directo de par (DTC por sus siglas en inglés), el cual ha sido popular en las últimas décadas gracias a su rapidez, robustez y simplicidad. La extensión de la estrategia DTC a accionamientos multifásicos se presenta a priori con gran atractivo, ya que el número de estados de conmutación aumenta y esto permite mejorar las prestaciones al aproximarse mejor a la tensión óptima de aplicación. No obstante, la aparición de unas nuevas componentes secundarias de corriente, denominadas x-y en la literatura, pueden deteriorar la calidad de las corrientes y aumentar las pérdidas en el cobre del estator si no se regulan adecuadamente. Como quiera que estas corrientes únicamente están limitadas por la resistencia e inductancia de dispersión del estator en máquinas con devanados distribuidos, la reducción de los armónicos asociados a estas componentes secundarias es uno de los principales retos de los métodos de control de accionamientos multifásicos. La definición y utilización de vectores virtuales de tensión permiten la reducción de estas componentes x-y, paliando así el principal problema de la extensión directa del DTC a sistemas con más de tres fases. Este artículo presenta la implementación de vectores virtuales de tensión en un control directo de par para la regulación de la velocidad de máquina de inducción de seis fases, validando la bondad de la estrategia de control propuesta mediante resultados experimentales.
Response of stratospheric water vapor and ozone to the unusual timing of El Niño and the QBO disruption in 2015–2016
Authors: Diallo Mohamadou , Riese Martin , Birner Thomas , Konopka Paul , Müller Rolf , Hegglin Michaela I. , Santee Michelle L. , Baldwin Mark , Legras Bernard , Ploeger Felix
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The stratospheric circulation determines the transport and lifetime of key
trace gases in a changing climate, including water vapor and ozone, which
radiatively impact surface climate.
The unusually warm El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event aligned with a
disrupted Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) caused an unprecedented perturbation
to this circulation in 2015–2016.
Here, we quantify the impact of the alignment of these two phenomena in 2015–2016
on lower stratospheric water vapor and ozone from satellite observations. We show
that the warm ENSO event substantially increased water vapor and decreased ozone
in the tropical lower stratosphere.
The QBO disruption significantly decreased global lower stratospheric water vapor
and tropical ozone from early spring to late autumn.
Thus, this QBO disruption reversed the lower stratosphere moistening triggered
by the alignment of the warm ENSO event with westerly QBO in early boreal winter.
Our results suggest that the interplay of ENSO events and QBO phases will be
crucial for the distributions of radiatively active trace gases
in a changing future climate, when increasing El Niño-like conditions and
a decreasing lower stratospheric QBO amplitude are expected.
Outcrop analogue study to determine reservoir properties of the Los Humeros and Acoculco geothermal fields, Mexico
Authors: Weydt Leandra M. , Bär Kristian , Colombero Chiara , Comina Cesare , Deb Paromita , Lepillier Baptiste , Mandrone Giuseppe , Milsch Harald , Rochelle Christopher A. , Vagnon Federico , Sass Ingo
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Los Humeros geothermal system is steam dominated and
currently under exploration with 65 wells (23 producing). Having
temperatures above 380 ∘C, the system is characterized as a super
hot geothermal system (SHGS). The development of such systems is still
challenging due to the high temperatures and aggressive reservoir fluids
which lead to corrosion and scaling problems. The geothermal system in
Acoculco (Puebla, Mexico; so far only explored via two exploration wells) is
characterized by temperatures of approximately 300 ∘C at a depth
of about 2 km. In both wells no geothermal fluids were found, even though a
well-developed fracture network exists. Therefore, it is planned to develop
an enhanced geothermal system (EGS). For better reservoir understanding and prospective modeling, extensive
geological, geochemical, geophysical and technical investigations are
performed within the scope of the GEMex project. Outcrop analogue studies
have been carried out in order to identify the main fracture pattern,
geometry and distribution of geological units in the area and to
characterize all key units from the basement to the cap rock regarding
petro- and thermo-physical rock properties and mineralogy. Ongoing
investigations aim to identify geological and structural heterogeneities on
different scales to enable a more reliable prediction of reservoir
properties. Beside geological investigations, physical properties of the
reservoir fluids are determined to improve the understanding of the
hydrochemical processes in the reservoir and the fluid-rock interactions,
which affect the reservoir rock properties.
Twitter and weather services
Authors: Gaztelumendi Santiago , Martija Maialen , Principe Olatz
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This work focuses on the analysis of the use of Twitter by different weather services around the world. During the last few years the availability of mobile phones connected to the Internet has become a global reality. Likewise, the use of different social networks has been popularized and extended with different purposes including social communication. In this context most meteorological weather services have been using some of these social tools in order to improve their services for the general public and specific users. Twitter is a social tool that enables users to post messages (tweets) of up to 280 characters (up to 140 before November 2017), supporting a wide variety of communicative practices. Twitter is an opportunity not only to spread messages without intermediaries, but also interact in real time with users. Here we present a study of different aspects related to the use of Twitter in diverse weather services worldwide and their evolution during the year 2016.
The Cariboo Alpine Mesonet: sub-hourly hydrometeorological observations of British Columbia's Cariboo Mountains and surrounding area since 2006
Authors: Hernández-Henríquez Marco A. , Sharma Aseem R. , Taylor Mark , Thompson Hadleigh D. , Déry Stephen J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This article presents the development of a sub-hourly database of
hydrometeorological conditions collected in British Columbia's (BC's) Cariboo
Mountains and surrounding area extending from 2006 to present. The Cariboo
Alpine Mesonet (CAMnet) forms a network of 11 active hydrometeorological
stations positioned at strategic locations across mid- to high elevations of
the Cariboo Mountains. This mountain region spans 44 150 km2, forming the
northern extension of the Columbia Mountains. Deep fjord lakes along with
old-growth western redcedar and hemlock forests reside in the lower valleys,
montane forests of Engelmann spruce, lodgepole pine and subalpine fir
permeate the mid-elevations, while alpine tundra, glaciers and several
large ice fields cover the higher elevations. The automatic weather stations
typically measure air and soil temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind speed and direction, rainfall and snow depth at 15 min
intervals. Additional measurements at some stations include shortwave and
longwave radiation, near-surface air, skin, snow, or water temperature, and
soil moisture, among others. Details on deployment sites, the
instrumentation used and its precision, the collection and quality control
process are provided. Instructions on how to access the database at Zenodo,
an online public data repository, are also furnished
(https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1195043). Information on some of the
challenges and opportunities encountered in maintaining continuous and
homogeneous time series of hydrometeorological variables and remote field
sites is provided. The paper also summarizes ongoing plans to expand CAMnet
to better monitor atmospheric conditions in BC's mountainous terrain,
efforts to push data online in (near-)real time, availability of ancillary
data and lessons learned thus far in developing this mesoscale network of
hydrometeorological stations in the data-sparse Cariboo Mountains.
Requirements for a global data infrastructure in support of CMIP6
Authors: Balaji Venkatramani , Taylor Karl E. , Juckes Martin , Lawrence Bryan N. , Durack Paul J. , Lautenschlager Michael , Blanton Chris , Cinquini Luca , Denvil Sébastien , Elkington Mark , Guglielmo Francesca , Guilyardi Eric , Hassell David , Kharin Slava , Kindermann Stefan , Nikonov Sergey , Radhakrishnan Aparna , Stockhause Martina , Weigel Tobias , Williams Dean
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)'s Working Group on Climate Modelling (WGCM) Infrastructure Panel (WIP) was formed in 2014 in response to the explosive growth in size and complexity of Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIPs) between CMIP3 (2005–2006) and CMIP5 (2011–2012). This article presents the WIP recommendations for the global data infrastructure needed to support CMIP design, future growth, and evolution. Developed in close coordination with those who build and run the existing infrastructure (the Earth System Grid Federation; ESGF), the recommendations are based on several principles beginning with the need to separate requirements, implementation, and operations. Other important principles include the consideration of the diversity of community needs around data – a data ecosystem – the importance of provenance, the need for automation, and the obligation to measure costs and benefits.This paper concentrates on requirements, recognizing the diversity of communities involved (modelers, analysts, software developers, and downstream users). Such requirements include the need for scientific reproducibility and accountability alongside the need to record and track data usage. One key element is to generate a dataset-centric rather than system-centric focus, with an aim to making the infrastructure less prone to systemic failure.With these overarching principles and requirements, the WIP has produced a set of position papers, which are summarized in the latter pages of this document. They provide specifications for managing and delivering model output, including strategies for replication and versioning, licensing, data quality assurance, citation, long-term archiving, and dataset tracking. They also describe a new and more formal approach for specifying what data, and associated metadata, should be saved, which enables future data volumes to be estimated, particularly for well-defined projects such as CMIP6.The paper concludes with a future facing consideration of the global data infrastructure evolution that follows from the blurring of boundaries between climate and weather, and the changing nature of published scientific results in the digital age.
Population growth, land use and land cover transformations, and water quality nexus in the Upper Ganga River basin
Authors: Shukla Anoop Kumar , Ojha Chandra Shekhar Prasad , Mijic Ana , Buytaert Wouter , Pathak Shray , Garg Rahul Dev , Shukla Satyavati
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The Upper Ganga River basin is socioeconomically the most important river basin in India and is highly stressed in terms of water resources due to uncontrolled land use and land cover (LULC) activities. This study presents a comprehensive set of analyses to evaluate the population growth, LULC transformations, and water quality nexus for sustainable development in this river basin. The study was conducted at two spatial scales: basin scale and district scale. First, population data were analyzed statistically to study demographic changes, followed by LULC change detection over the period of February–March 2001 to 2012 (Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) data) using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques. Trends and spatiotemporal variations in monthly water quality parameters, viz. biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO, measured in percentage), fluoride (F), hardness (CaCO3), pH, total coliform bacteria and turbidity, were studied using the Mann–Kendall rank test and an overall index of pollution (OIP) developed specifically for this region, respectively. A relationship was deciphered between LULC classes and OIP using multivariate techniques, viz. Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression. From the results, it was observed that population has increased in the river basin. Therefore, significant and characteristic LULC changes were observed. The river became polluted in both rural and urban areas. In rural areas, pollution is due to agricultural practices, mainly fertilizers, whereas in urban areas it is mainly contributed from domestic and industrial wastes. Water quality degradation has occurred in the river basin, and consequently the health status of the river has also changed from acceptable to slightly polluted in urban areas. Multiple linear regression models developed for the Upper Ganga River basin could successfully predict status of the water quality, i.e., OIP, using LULC classes.
AUTOMATED RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D BUILDINGS IN HISTORIC CITY CENTERS FROM LIDAR DATA AND 2D BUILDING FOOTPRINTS
Authors: Ingensand J. , Nappez M. , Produit T. , Chassin T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper describes a process for the automated generation of 3D buildings using 2D building footprints derived from cadastral maps and LIDAR point cloud data. In our approach we extract relevant geometric information from 2D building footprints in order to classify point cloud data. One key concept is the fact that roofs in most cases are aligned to the angles of the walls of a building. This concept is utilized to create contiguous surfaces and to extract ridges. In a field study involving two historic city centers in Switzerland we evaluate the results of our approach.
ASSESSING THE ACCURACY AND PRECISION OF IMPERFECT POINT CLOUDS FOR 3D INDOOR MAPPING AND MODELING
Authors: Chen J. , Mora O. E. , Clarke K. C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In recent years, growing public interest in three-dimensional technology has led to the emergence of affordable platforms that can capture 3D scenes for use in a wide range of consumer applications. These platforms are often widely available, inexpensive, and can potentially find dual use in taking measurements of indoor spaces for creating indoor maps. Their affordability, however, usually comes at the cost of reduced accuracy and precision, which becomes more apparent when these instruments are pushed to their limits to scan an entire room. The point cloud measurements they produce often exhibit systematic drift and random noise that can make performing comparisons with accurate data difficult, akin to trying to compare a fuzzy trapezoid to a perfect square with sharp edges. This paper outlines a process for assessing the accuracy and precision of these imperfect point clouds in the context of indoor mapping by integrating techniques such as the extended Gaussian image, iterative closest point registration, and histogram thresholding. A case study is provided at the end to demonstrate use of this process for evaluating the performance of the Scanse Sweep 3D, an ultra-low cost panoramic laser scanner.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEVELS OF DETAIL (LOD0-2) AND BUFFER SIZES ON PARAMETER EFFECTIVENESS FOR FINE DUST DISTRIBUTION MODELLING
Authors: Löwner M.-O. , Ghassoun Y.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Building models represented in CityGML Level of Detail 0 to 2 were used to calculate urban morphological parameters to test their effectiveness of correlation with measured total number concentration of fine dust in Berlin. Land use regression modelling as an alternative to physical based models explains the distribution of urban fine and ultrafine particles applying a multi linear regression model. Descriptive parameters are identified by high correlations with measured fine dust values. Here, different height information and geometry representations from LoD0-LoD2 were used to calculate six parameters associated with the ventilation and advection capacity of an urban environment (‘averaged heights of buildings’, ‘height-width ratio’, ‘porosity’, ‘frontal area index’, and ‘building surfaces’ for wall surfaces and for wall and roof surfaces). Parameters were correlated with measurements of the total number concentration of fine dust in the city of Berlin. Initial results show ambivalent correlations for both, different buffer sizes and implementation of the parameters with building representations in different levels of detail.
COMBINING METHODOLOGICAL TOOLS FOR THE OPTIMUM 3D MODELLING OF NTUA CAMPUS
Authors: Pispidikis I. , Tsiliakou E. , Kitsakis D. , Athanasiou K. , Kalogianni E. , Labropoulos T. , Dimopoulou E.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Rapid urbanisation relates to increased space requirements above and below ground and the development of complex structures. This profound need attracted increasing interest for the collection, modelling, management, visualisation and dissemination of 3D objects through various application fields, such as: 3D Cadastre, 3D City Modelling and Building Information Modelling. Contemporary advances in GIS technology, Geo-Web services and computer graphics facilitate the development of such models accompanied by semantic, geometrical and topological information, while the use of international standards enables the communication and interoperability between the systems. The aim of this paper is to combine state-of-the art methodologies and technologies for the development of semantically enriched 3D models for the Campus of the National Technical University of Athens in Greece. The result is a web-based 3D Campus map that integrates these models as Web Services, providing access to management and navigation for the campus area and can also be used for maintenance purposes from the various NTUA Departments. To this end, the database schema has been designed compatible with CityGML, while attention was given to interoperability issues that arise from differently derived 3D models which had to be stored and visualised while retaining their characteristics.
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE REPRESENTATION OF TWO VERSIONS OF A 3D CITY MODEL IN 4D SPACE
Authors: Vitalis S. , Arroyo Ohori K. , Stoter J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. 3D city models are being increasingly adopted by organisations in order to serve application needs related to urban areas. In order to fulfil the different requirements of various applications, the concept of Level of Detail (LoD) has been incorporated in 3D city models specifications, such as CityGML. Therefore, datasets of different LoDs are being created for the same areas by several organisations for their own use cases. Meanwhile, as time progresses newer versions of existing 3D city models are being created by vendors. Nevertheless, the existing mechanisms for representating multi-LoD data has not been adopted by the users and there has been little effort on the implementation of a mechanism to store multiple revisions of a city model. This results in redundancy of information and the existence of multiple datasets inconsistent with each other. Alternatively, a representation of time or scale as additional dimensions to the three spatial ones has been proposed as a better way to store multiple versions of datasets while retaining information related to the corresponding features between datasets. In this paper, we propose a conceptual framework with initial considerations for the implementation of a 4D representation of two states of a 3D city model. This framework defines both the data structure of such an approach, as well as the methodology according to which two existing 3D city models can be compared, associated and stored with their correspondences in 4D. The methodology is defined as six individual steps that have to be undertaken, each with its own individual requirements and goals that have to be challenged. We, also, provide some examples and considerations for the way those steps can be implemented.
USER REQUIREMENTS GATHERING FOR A NATIONAL 3D MAPPING PRODUCT IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
Authors: Wong K. , Ellul C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. One of the main barriers to the uptake of 3D GI is the lack of understanding of what the user requirements are. From the data acquisition and creation perspective – in particular, that of a National Mapping and Cadastral Agency who may need to prepare datasets with national coverage – this is an issue as each new 3D feature type and element within a feature added (such as doors, windows, chimneys, street lights) requires additional processing and cost to create. This paper reports the results of a user requirements gathering exercise for a national 3D mapping product in the United Kingdom. The study focuses on the user perception of ‘usefulness’ of different 3D geometry and semantic features. A web-based questionnaire with Likert-type items was selected as the primary data collection method and was conducted in May 2017. A total of 121 completed responses were from the UK. Descriptive analysis showed that ‘Air quality engineering’, ‘Infrastructure & transport’ and ‘Environmental services’ presented the most positive outlook on the usefulness of 3D. Correlation analysis showed that potential 3D product groups that could be formed in a multi-product approach. Cluster analysis showed that appetite for 3D information not only varies between sectors, but also within sectors between different practitioners. The results from exploratory factor analysis showed that users were more interested in additional information on non-building features rather than additional detail to building geometry. Further continued work is required to incorporate both non-GIS users and 3D users outside the GIS domain.
INTEGRATION OF TREE DATABASE DERIVED FROM SATELLITE IMAGERY AND LIDAR POINT CLOUD DATA
Authors: Liew S. C. , Huang X. , Lin E. S. , Shi C. , Yee A. T. K. , Tandon A.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. 3D tree database provides essential information of tree species abundance, spatial distribution and tree height for forest mapping, sustainable urban planning and 3D city modelling. Fusion of passive optical satellite imagery and active Lidar data can potentially be exploited for operational forest inventory. However, such fusion requires very high geometric accuracy for both data sets. This paper proposes an approach for 3D tree information extracted from passive and active data integrating into existing tree database by effectively using geometric information of satellite camera model and laser scanner scanning geometry. The paper also presents the individual methods for tree crown identification and delineation from satellite images and lidar point cloud data respectively, the geometric correction of tree position from tree top to tree base. The ground truth accuracy assessment for the tree extracted is also present.
AUTOMATED BUILDING DETECTION IN DENSE POINT CLOUD AND UPDATE OF OPEN SOURCE DATA BASES
Authors: Aroni E. , Ioannidis C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper a method of detecting buildings in dense populated city areas using a three-dimensional model, produced by aerial images, is described. Further to the detection of the outline of the building, we exact information about the buildings height. The study area is the wider centre of Athens, Greece. Our aim is to exact 3D information for large area, in minimum time and minimum cost, in order to support opensource data bases, such as openstreetmap.org. The proposed methodology consists of three main stages. In the first part of the procedure, aerial images are used to produce a point cloud, using the Semi-Global dense matching algorithm. Following, we classify the objects in the point cloud by remote sensing and photogrammetric methods. The classification’s results are divided in three main classes: ground, vegetation and buildings. Having detected the buildings and their complexes we attempt to find the outlines of each separate building, depending on its level; different levels are considered as different buildings. After detecting individual buildings in the point cloud, a polygon is created around their outline. All polygons were compared to the building polygons available on openstreetmap.org, in order to evaluate the results. The number of levels of 100 buildings, in different parts of the city, was measured manually in order to evaluate the Z-dimension’s results, and openstreetmap.org was updated with that information. Further update and combination of the database created in the current process, with the one available on openstreetmap.org is yet under study.
THE URBAN HERITAGE CHARACTERIZATION USING 3D GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS. THE SYSTEM OF MEDIUM-SIZED CITIES IN ANDALUSIA
Authors: Navas-Carrillo D. , Del Espino Hidalgo B. , Navarro-de Pablos F. J. , Pérez Cano M. T.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The primary objective of this paper is to approach the use of the 3D Geographic Information Systems (3D GIS), as an instrumental tool that allows us to deal efficiently with the extensive amount of information that characterises a large part of the research carried out in the field of Urbanism and Regional Planning. Specifically, the study focuses on medium-sized cities in Andalusia, the most populous and the second largest region in Spain. The Andalusian urban system is substantially characterised by the historical importance of this type of cities within its territorial organisation, which dates back to more than two thousand years, and whose potential as sustainable and balanced stands out. In particular, it is intended to address features related to urban characterisation as medium-sized cities that have been declared as heritage sites, as well as, the integration of the cultural heritage into urban development planning as an active strategy by the cultural administration of the regional and local governments. In detail, this paper will analyse data relating to the development experienced, their characterisation through urban indicators or the evolution and traceability of their protection. In this sense, the use of 3D GIS will not only allow the efficient recording and the graphical representation of a significant amount of data resulting from the quantitative and qualitative analysis carried out but also model them using the third dimension to facilitate a cross analysis among the cities under study. Definitely, the aim is to demonstrate the suitability use of this technology in this type of scientific research.
SEGMENTATION OF 3D PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUD FOR 3D BUILDING MODELING
Authors: Özdemir E. , Remondino F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. 3D city modeling has become important over the last decades as these models are being used in different studies including, energy evaluation, visibility analysis, 3D cadastre, urban planning, change detection, disaster management, etc. Segmentation and classification of photogrammetric or LiDAR data is important for 3D city models as these are the main data sources, and, these tasks are challenging due to their complexity. This study presents research in progress, which focuses on the segmentation and classification of 3D point clouds and orthoimages to generate 3D urban models. The aim is to classify photogrammetric-based point clouds (> 30 pts/sqm) in combination with aerial RGB orthoimages (~ 10 cm, RGB image) in order to name buildings, ground level objects (GLOs), trees, grass areas, and other regions. If on the one hand the classification of aerial orthoimages is foreseen to be a fast approach to get classes and then transfer them from the image to the point cloud space, on the other hand, segmenting a point cloud is expected to be much more time consuming but to provide significant segments from the analyzed scene. For this reason, the proposed method combines segmentation methods on the two geoinformation in order to achieve better results.
CHALLENGES WITH OBSTACLE DATA FOR MANNED AND UNMANNED AVIATION
Authors: Petrovsky A. , Doole M. , Ellerbroek J. , Hoekstra J. M. , Tomasello F.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to raise awareness about the significance of collecting and ensuring the quality of the obstacle data required for the safety of air navigation for both manned and unmanned aviation. This information could be of importance to geodetic, CityGML, 3D model and Building Information Management (BIM) community. With the advancement of future air mobility concepts such as drones and Personal Air Vehicles (PAVs), there is an increased demand for obstacle data of higher accuracy, including at Very Low Level (VLL) altitude. The paper presents the requirements pertaining to aviation such that the above mentioned communities could understand the existing complexity. This complexity adheres to the aggregation of quality-assured obstacle data from domains outside the aviation field’s responsibility. It is expected that with model developments (e.g. BIM), new solutions could be identified to support the aviation community with the aggregation of obstacle data of required quality.
A SWEEP-PLANE ALGORITHM FOR THE SIMPLIFICATION OF 3D BUILDING MODELS IN THE APPLICATION SCENARIO OF WIND SIMULATIONS
Authors: Piepereit R. , Deininger M. , Kada M. , Pries M. , Voß U.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. As the number of virtual 3D city models is steadily increasing, so are the possible applications that take advantage of them. 3D models can be used for applications that range from simple graphic visualizations to complex simulations, such as air flow and acoustic simulations. The geometric requirements needed for Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) increase the already very high complexity of processing 3D models. If there are too many small geometric details, mesh generation may fail. In addition it will create small grid cells that consequently lead to a high computation time. So far, the necessary simplifications have been performed in a time consuming manual process. To reduce the preprocessing time for the considered simulation topic, the simplifications and modifications have to be automated. In this paper we introduce a sweep-plane algorithm designed to automatically simplify virtual 3D models (e.g. CityGML) by removing geometry information unnecessary for numerical simulations. The algorithm will search for edges whose length does not reach a predefined threshold and dissolve them by sweeping nearby faces. As a result we obtain a simplified geometry that can be meshed properly. This algorithm serves as a general basis for the creation of future simplification algorithms that may even be applicable to any simulation necessary. For this paper, one of Stuttgart’s city blocks was processed with the developed algorithm and then used in a wind simulation carried out with ANSYS Fluent.
GLOBE BASED 3D GIS SOLUTIONS FOR VIRTUAL HERITAGE
Authors: Scianna A. , La Guardia M.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. During the last years, many solutions have been proposed for 3D Virtual Heritage representations. Recently, also new technologies for online gaming evolved, based on javascript libraries (WebGL), used to create and publish virtual interactive environments. They are based on recent Web browser’s functionalities, surpassing some limitations of VRML technologies. On the side of geospatial information, technology has evolved from desktop GIS to 2D WebGIS and globe applications. The use of globe applications is, today, very diffused due to its immediate and at the same time impressive representation of the earth surface and territories. These technologies have been, also, applied to Virtual Heritage 3D reconstructions, to improve the fruition of Cultural Heritage (CH), with the achievement of interesting results. The topic of this paper is the experimentation on the fusion between globe based and gaming technologies (in our case WebGL) that allow achieving a more user-centric and powerful solution useful for publishing 3D geospatial information of CH on Web. This choice allows obtaining GIS oriented 3D models, typical of globe applications, and, at the same time, a more immersive exploration of CH and its surrounding environment. In particular, it also gives complementary text and multimedia information on the history, architectural features of each cultural good, based on querying of semantic information. The test field of the research is the construction of the 3D GIS virtual globe model of the Manfredonic Castle of Mussomeli (Sicily-Italy), developed for PON-NEPTIS EU Project, to compare open-source technologies and commercial proprietary applications.
SHAPE BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SEISMIC BUILDING STRUCTURAL TYPES
Authors: Sulzer R. , Nourian P. , Palmieri M. , van Gemert J. C.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. This paper investigates automatic prediction of seismic building structural types described by the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) taxonomy, by combining remote sensing, cadastral and inspection data in a supervised machine learning approach. Our focus lies on the extraction of detailed geometric information from a point cloud gained by aerial laser scanning. To describe the geometric shape of a building we apply Shape-DNA, a spectral shape descriptor based on the eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator. In a first experiment on synthetically generated building stock we succeed in predicting the roof type of different buildings with accuracies above 80 %, only relying on the Shape-DNA. The roof type of a building thereby serves as an example of a relevant feature for predicting GEM attributes, which cannot easily be identified and described by using traditional methods for shape analysis of buildings. Further research is necessary in order to explore the usability of Shape-DNA on real building data. In a second experiment we use real-world data of buildings located in the Groningen region in the Netherlands. Here we can automatically predict six GEM attributes, such as the type of lateral load resisting system, with accuracies above 75 % only by taking a buildings footprint area and year of construction into account.
COMBINED VISUAL EXPLORATION OF 2D GROUND RADAR AND 3D POINT CLOUD DATA FOR ROAD ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Wolf J. , Discher S. , Masopust L. , Schulz S. , Richter R. , Döllner J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Ground-penetrating 2D radar scans are captured in road environments for examination of pavement condition and below-ground variations such as lowerings and developing pot-holes. 3D point clouds captured above ground provide a precise digital representation of the road’s surface and the surrounding environment. If both data sources are captured for the same area, a combined visualization is a valuable tool for infrastructure maintenance tasks. This paper presents visualization techniques developed for the combined visual exploration of the data captured in road environments. Main challenges are the positioning of the ground radar data within the 3D environment and the reduction of occlusion for individual data sets. By projecting the measured ground radar data onto the precise trajectory of the scan, it can be displayed within the context of the 3D point cloud representation of the road environment. We show that customizable overlay, filtering, and cropping techniques enable insightful data exploration. A 3D renderer combines both data sources. To enable an inspection of areas of interest, ground radar data can be elevated above ground level for better visibility. An interactive lens approach enables to visualize data sources that are currently occluded by others. The visualization techniques prove to be a valuable tool for ground layer anomaly inspection and were evaluated in a real-world data set. The combination of 2D ground radar scans with 3D point cloud data improves data interpretation by giving context information (e.g., about manholes in the street) that can be directly accessed during evaluation.
VISIBLE ROUTES IN 3D DENSE CITY USING REINFORCEMENT LEARNING
Authors: Gal O. , Doytsher Y.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In the last few years, the 3D GIS domain has developed rapidly, and has become increasingly accessible to different disciplines. 3D Spatial analysis of Built-up areas seems to be one of the most challenging topics in the communities currently dealing with spatial data. One of the most basic problems in spatial analysis is related to visibility computation in such an environment. Visibility calculation methods aim to identify the parts visible from a single point, or multiple points, of objects in the environment. In this work, we present a unique method combining visibility analysis in 3D environments with dynamic motion planning algorithm, named Visibility Velocity Obstacles (VVO) with Markov process defined as spatial visibility analysis for routes in 3D dense city environment. Based on our VVO analysis, we use Reinforcement Learning (RL) method in order to find an optimal action policy in dense 3D city environment described as Markov decision process, navigating in the most visible routes. As far as we know, we present for the first time a Reinforcement Learning (RL) solution to the visibility analysis in 3D dense environment problem, generating a sequence of viewpoints that allows an optimal visibility in different routes in urban city. Our analysis is based on fast and unique solution for visibility boundaries, formulating the problem with RL methods.
DYNAMIC 3D VISUALIZATION OF FLOODS: CASE OF THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Kumar K. , Ledoux H. , Stoter J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. In this paper, we review state of the art 3D visualization technologies for floods and we focus on the Netherlands since it has a long history of dealing with floods and developing information technology solutions to prevent and predict them. We discuss the most recent advances in using 3D city models for modelling floods and discuss future directions. We argue that 3D city models provide a more realistic interpretation and assessment of floods e.g. information about the height of the water level and the number of floors that will be flooded. We present our framework to dynamically visualize floods in 3D using the Cesium 3D webglobe. An open platform using 3D city models for interactive visualization of different flood simulations can serve as a hub to involve all relevant parties such as water experts, policy developers, decision makers, and general public. We created a 3D terrain model with buildings of a study area in the Netherlands in CityJSON format. We implemented a software prototypes for converting 3D city models from CityJSON to Cesium specific glTF format for rendering over Cesium. We propose using CZML (Cesium Language) to represent time dynamic properties, water levels in our case. The developed framework which uses only open data and open-source software can be supportive in real applications such as planning for a city or municipal corporation, or for decision making.
A PROPOSAL FOR AN IMPROVED TRANSPORTATION MODEL IN CITYGML
Authors: Labetski A. , van Gerwen S. , Tamminga G. , Ledoux H. , Stoter J.
Published: September 2018

Abstract. CityGML, an OGC standard, is an open data model for virtual 3D city models and includes buildings, roads, terrain, water bodies, etc. While many modules are well-developed (eg buildings, bridges, tunnels), the transportation model is, based on our consultations with various government agencies and municipalities, not sufficient for most transportation applications. We propose in this paper several improvements to the CityGML v2.0 Transportation module, and to the previous efforts for improving it. Our additions are based on the consultations we had, and on the use-cases that were identified. We argue that the following changes are necessary: A) multi-LoD modelling of roads, B) carriageway representation, C) detailed intersection modelling and, D) introducing waterways as a new sub-class.
Arresting God’s Attention: The Rhetorical Intent and Strategies of Job 3
Authors: Pohl William C.
Published: September 2018

Interpreters have struggled to make sense of Job’s opening speech in Job 3; the speech seems out of place following the prologue. This article uses rhetorical criticism to understand Job’s rhetorical aim and strategies and thus attempts to bring clarity to the current understanding of Job’s rhetorical goal. To do this, the article establishes Job’s rhetorical situation, analyzes the forms (Gattungen) Job uses, and identifies and analyzes five rhetorical strategies: imprecation, tropes, pseudosorites, allusion, and rhetorical questions with delayed disambiguation.
Is the Masoretic Text Still a Reliable Primary Text for the Book of Hosea?
Authors: Kim Sungjin
Published: September 2018

This article discusses three textual issues related to the book of Hosea––(1) Hebrew Vorlage(n) of the book, (2) the nature of translation of LXX Hosea, and (3) the northern dialect influence on the Hebrew text of Hosea––and concludes that MT Hosea is a reliable primary witness for the book of Hosea. First, it argues that 4QXIIc, a Qumran manuscript that some believe to show textual affinity to LXX Hosea, does not substantiate the existence of a Hebrew Vorlage aligned with the LXX. Second, the translation nature of LXX Hosea suggests that the LXX may not be an accurate representation of its Hebrew Vorlage. Third, it demonstrates that recent linguistic studies and a precise reading of Hos 14:10a[9a] suggest that the difficulties of the Hebrew text of Hosea are due to the peculiarities of the prophet’s dialect and to his deliberate employment of an obscure literary style.
Justificar e legitimar a auditoria nas sociedades: discussão teórica e análise empírica
Authors: Almeida Bruno José Machado
Published: September 2018

As teorias justificativas da auditoria, na sociedade atual, têm de ser enquadradas no contexto social e cultural, no qual este ramo do saber ocupa a função fundamental de credibilizar a informação financeira divulgada. A auditoria é, hoje, um importante mecanismo de controlo de qualquer sistema económico. Deste modo, encontrar uma teoria explicativa para a sua existência, num contexto de permanente evolução das diferentes abordagens, até agora apresentadas por autores anglo-saxónicos, é uma exigência e um desafio intelectual e contribui para dotar a auditoria de uma estrutura concetual mais apropriada e universalmente aceite. Para o efeito, efetuamos um estudo teórico das abordagens explicativas da auditoria e uma investigação empírica dirigida aos profissionais de auditoria portugueses, com o intuito de saber como é que os mesmos interpretam e explicam a existência da auditoria na sociedade. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a teoria da informação como a tese preferida pelos profissionais portugueses.
Relevância Informacional Atribuída ao Disclosure de Gastos Ambientais
Authors: Santos José Glauber Cavalcante dos
Published: September 2018

Buscou-se neste estudo examinar a relevância informacional atribuída à divulgação de dispêndios ambientais em firmas consideradas sustentáveis no mercado brasileiro. O modelo teórico-empírico proposto por Ohlson (1995) foi aplicado aos dados de 44 firmas no período 2011-2015, totalizando 220 observações. O modelo Residual Income Valuation (RIV) (OHLSON, 1995) permite avaliar quantitativamente como o disclosure complementar impacta as expectativas dos investidores e reflete no valor das firmas. As estimações econométricas foram realizadas com dados em painel com efeitos fixos. Os resultados da análise mostram que o disclosure de gastos ambientais não é fator distintivo na precificação; porém, os dispêndios ambientais refletem menores preços da firma. As inferências podem corroborar o campo de estudo que questiona sobre a real competência dos proprietários das firmas em relação ao objeto social da empresa, além de alçar discussões sobre o monitoramento de gastos ambientais discricionários em firmas de capital aberto no Brasil. Os resultados apresentados alimentam discussões sobre a demanda da apresentação do resultado ambiental nas demonstrações financeiras tradicionais, uma vez que essa informação apresenta relevância informacional.
On the Adequacy of Expert Teachers: From Practical Convenience to Psychological Reality
Authors: Caspari-Sadeghi Sima , Konig Johannes
Published: September 2018

This literature review examined approximately 10000 titles in five representative journals in education. It is conducted at two levels. Section A identified the preferred terms and metaphors to describe teachers at different expertise levels. Results indicated a great inconsistency in terms of terminology as well as definition of the same terms or metaphors in different journals, with a lot of them being suggestive and poetic. Section B started with the two most frequent terms, "expert" & "experienced", and put thirty two empirical studies into content analysis to uncover how their respective samples were operationally defined and selected. Findings showed both terms were constantly under-represented and there was a lack of dependable agreed-upon definition of "experienced and expert". It is argued our limitations in educational knowledge could be partly attributed to such poor conceptualizations, imprecise operationalization, and ‘reductive bias ‘of researchers.
Discriminant Analysis to Predict the Hypertension in Women Aged 25–54 Years
Authors: Nainggolan Olwin , Tjandrarini Dwi Hapsari , Indrawati Lely
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is generally associated with the contributing risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adults. This research is aimed to create a prediction model of the hypertension incidence in women aged 15 through 54 years.

MATERIAL & METHODS: The research subjects are 117 women whose ages range from 27 to 54 years living in the village in the central district of Bogor. Through the instrumentation and Vo2 max measuring performed, the information was gathered concerning the following aspects: a) socio-demographic status; b) the abdominal girth; c) fasting blood glucose level; d) body mass index; e) blood lipids including the total cholesterol and triglycerides. The data analysis was conducted using discriminant analysis.

RESULTS: The results of multivariable discriminant analysis showed that the level of Vo2 max is the only distinction maker of the incidence of hypertension with the final equation model Zscore = -3.033 + 0.102*Vo2 max and the cut off point -0.00018.

CONCLUSION: Concerted efforts from all concerned parties are needed to prevent the hypertension especially through the physical activities relevant to a more quality lifestyle.
Iteration of Holomorphic Function Systems on the Riemann Sphere
Authors: OKANDZE Rufin EYELANGOLI , MABONZO Vital Delmas , AMPINI Dieudonne
Published: September 2018

In this work, it is shown that a set of holomorphic functions, normal in any set, remains normal in the same set under the action of another holomorphic function. And therefore, we verify that Julia's sets of two-function composition (no matter the order of composition) coincide, up to a rescaling.
Motivering door de Nederlandse cassatierechter
Authors: van der Wiel B.T.M.
Published: September 2018

Motivering door de Nederlandse cassatierechter

Ook uitspraken van de Hoge Raad dienen zodanig te worden gemotiveerd dat de beslissing zowel voor partijen als voor derden controleerbaar en aanvaardbaar is. Bezien wordt hoe de Hoge Raad invulling geeft aan deze eisen, met name in het licht van zijn rechtsontwikkelingsfunctie.