bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Posterior Hyaloid Adhesion Associated With Retinal Detachment After Macular Hole Repair
Authors: Lo Danielle M. , Chua Michael R. , Larochelle Ryan D. , Wald Kenneth J.
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

There remains a low but intractable risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) after surgical repair of macular holes (MHs). The purpose of this study is to identify potential causes for RRDs after MH surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The authors retrospectively examined a single surgeon series of stage 3 MH repair surgeries during a 5-year period. Clinical data, including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative evaluations, were reviewed to determine potential causes of RRD.

RESULTS:

Of the 332 eyes that received MH surgery, 12 (3.6%) developed postoperative RRD. Seven RRD cases exhibited no evident precursor pathology; however, augmented posterior hyaloid adhesions (APHAs) were found intraoperatively and postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS:

In MH surgery, APHA increases risk for RRD. During PPV, the vitreous typically separates to the peripheral vitreous base. Some eyes have APHAs near the equator that cannot be elevated, consistent with strong adhesion. The authors believe the high postoperative RRD rate is due to continued hyaloid elevation after surgery.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:635–638.]
Characterization of Retinal Lesions Secondary to Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis With OCTA
Authors: Lin Benjamin R. , Pluym Ilina D. , Tsui Irena
Published: October 2019

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a high-mortality primary immunologic or genetic disorder that rarely presents with ocular symptoms. This is a case report of a 30-year-old Asian female with quiescent HLH in whom retinal lesions were identified during the third trimester of pregnancy. Multimodal imaging, including the first use of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in HLH, was used to characterize these lesions. OCTA was useful for distinguishing chronic ocular HLH from other uveitic syndromes affecting the retina.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:653–655.]
Posterior Scleritis
Authors: Shields Ryan A. , Schachar Ira H.
Published: October 2019

The patient is a 19-year-old female who presented with 3 weeks of right eye pain, eyelid swelling, blurry vision, and headache. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 1 foot. Intraocular pressure was normal, and there was diffuse scleral injection on anterior examination. She had a mild anterior chamber reaction with 15 cells/high-powered field and a mild vitreous inflammatory reaction. Fundus examination revealed diffuse choroidal thickening with multilobulated serous retinal detachments worse inferiorly (Figures
1
and
2
). Fluorescein angiography demonstrated severe optic disc leakage. Ultrasonography demonstrated diffuse choroidal thickening, a serous retinal detachment, and a prominent “T-sign” (Figure
3
). The patient was diagnosed with posterior scleritis and treated with 80 mg of oral prednisone.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2019;50:660.]
Estrella-corazón, estrella-cortador: una interpretación nueva del concepto de estrella-bābanī
Authors: Díaz-Fajardo Montse
Published: October 2019

Algunos textos astrológicos medievales escritos en lengua árabe aluden a las “estrellas-corazones” en referencia a tres estrellas de gran luminosidad pertenecientes a constelaciones del círculo del zodíaco: Qalb al-Ṯawr (El Corazón de Tauro, situada en el ojo de la figura del toro), Qalb al-Asad (El Corazón de Leo, en el pecho del león) y Qalb al-‘Aqrab (El Corazón de Escorpio, en el tórax del escorpión); en la constelación boreal de Andrómeda, hay una cuarta estrella-corazón, Qalb al-Ḥūt (El Corazón del Pez) que, sin embargo, no tuvo una significación astrológica tan importante. Este artículo ilustra las características astrológicas de una estrella-corazón, su asociación con el concepto astrológico «cortador» que las convertía en especialmente dañinas en los horóscopos, así como su relación con bābanī, un término de origen persa.
Ediciones valencianas en la imprenta incunable de Venecia
Authors: Martos Josep Lluís
Published: October 2019

El prestigio editorial y la calidad de la imprenta veneciana dieron lugar a que se recurriera a ella no solo para adquirir sus productos en el mercado del libro, sino también para imprimir obras de editores extranjeros. Solo contamos con ejemplares de cuatro incunables que, a pesar de haberse gestado como proyecto editorial en la Corona de Aragón, se imprimieron en Venecia. Tres de ellos son valencianos, en los cuales se centra este trabajo, para analizar un fenómeno comercial poco documentado en la Corona de Aragón durante el siglo XV y que, sin embargo, eclosiona durante el XVI.
La estigmatización de los pecadores contra natura en la Castilla del siglo XIII: una aproximación de historia cultural al título XXI de la Séptima Partida
Authors: Fernández-Viagas Escudero Plácido
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo estudia los pecados contra natura contemplados en el título XXI del libro VII del Código de las Siete Partidas bajo una lógica interdisciplinar, empleando herramientas interpretativas de diferentes ciencias sociales. En esta tarea, propia de la historia cultural, nos sumergimos en los antecedentes legislativos que influyeron en la obra del legislador, así como en diferentes textos de la plena Edad Media, que abordaremos con detenimiento.
Couleur/mouvement : trois dispositifs pour une histoire épistémologique dans la longue durée
Authors: Turquety Benoît
Published: October 2019

Couleur et mouvement apparaissent a priori comme deux phénomènes d’ordres radicalement différents. Pourtant, la culture occidentale n’aura cessé de les rapprocher, depuis au moins le xviiie siècle, notamment sous la forme d’un large éventail d’expériences et de divertissements optiques qui ont mis la couleur en mouvement. Ceux-ci ont abouti à un agencement des deux concepts dans lesquels l’un vient partiellement à se comprendre par l’autre, agencement que le cinéma, au moment de son émergence, a reformulé. Ce texte se propose d’esquisser une histoire épistémologique de la relation entre couleur et mouvement, par l’analyse de trois dispositifs-clés qui ont jalonné cet échafaudage : le dispositif de démonstration de la décomposition du blanc en couleurs par Newton en 1704 ; l’inscription de l’invention du phénakisticope par Joseph Plateau (1833) dans des recherches sur la perception des couleurs ; et la (quasi) invention du cinéma en couleur par Charles Cros en 1867.
André Cayatte, un contemporain. Du poète d’avant-garde au reporter de l’Espagne républicaine
Authors: Peyrusse Claudette
Published: October 2019

Les sources régionales et nationales disent comment un provincial, fils de commerçant (10 ans à Carcassonne, autant à Toulouse) entre en cinéma et avec quelles cultures. Étudiant en droit en 1926, il se forme à l’avant-garde grâce aux jeunes revues de René Laporte, René Char, Joë Bousquet et René Nelli, Transit qu’il fonde lui-même. Elles sont anti-conformistes, surréalistes, éprises de cinéma et marquent un auteur centré sur son imaginaire. Il y gagne une notoriété, élargit son réseau à Paris via Grand’Route, la Revue des vivants des Jouvenel, côtoie des cinéphiles qui tournent et écrivent. Avec Robert de Ribon, Philippe Lamour, il signe des romans, expérimente des types d’écriture tournés vers le réel, le lecteur et l’action. Candidat du Front populaire battu comme Lamour en 1936, il est avec lui reporter de l’Espagne républicaine en 1937 pour le Petit journal. Le cinéma le coopte, initie un militant du contemporain formé à diverses stratégies, toiletté comme d’autres de ses origines régionales (même le théâtre local se métisse) et irréductible à la seule culture du barreau.
Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Green Collaboration in Land-Sea Freight Transport
Authors: Danloup Nicolas , Allaoui Hamid , Gonzales-Feliu Jesus , Goncalves Gilles
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to study the benefits of collaboration among shippers in less than truckload transportation and to show the role of transhipments in the collaboration. In this chapter, the authors propose a new model for the pickup and delivery problem with transhipment and time windows to study the role of transhipment in the green collaborative transportation. A transportation network with two transportation modes road and sea is considered. Different scenarios are optimized and compared in terms of cost and CO2 emissions: with/without collaboration and with/without transhipment. The proposed model is applied to a case study with real data from three agri-food companies in short sea shipping context. With this model, the total cost and the total amount of CO2 emissions are reduced by using collaboration and transhipment. An experimental study was conducted to illustrate this positive impact.
A Balanced Scorecard Framework for Measuring Sustainability Performance of Business Organizations
Authors: Arora Varun
Published: October 2019

Sustainability is about meeting the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations. It involves focus on three main dimensions, economic, environmental, and social, for achieving overall performance. Majority of the companies are adopting sustainability for business growth and boosting their corporate image for long term competitiveness, thereby receiving financial benefits as well. Sustainability is a concept that has come into picture a few years back and presently making a big mark in every field. A balanced scorecard framework is proposed for measuring sustainability performance of business organizations. Four main dimensions are considered, namely organization, process, core, and learning. Each of these dimensions comprises of various indicators obtained from global reporting initiative (GRI) and corporate social responsibility reports. The application of the sustainability scorecard is performed via multi criteria decision making technique called analytical network process (ANP). A numerical study is provided.
Electric Car-Sharing as a Solution Supporting the Development of Electromobility and an Element of the Travel Chain
Authors: Sierpiński Grzegorz , Turoń Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

The recently observed increase in the number of car-sharing operators using a fleet of electric vehicles created an opportunity to expand existing ecological travel chains. Electromobility is one of travelling options that reduces the transport carbon footprint. The goal of the chapter is to draw attention to the need of using car-sharing to promote environmentally friendly behavior and overcome concerns related to using an electric vehicle. The work presents the development of electric car-sharing in Europe and indicates challenges for further expansion of electromobility. By adding electric-car-sharing to the travel chain, the perception of ecological travelling significantly changes, since it combines various advantages for the user (e.g., comfort of travelling and individual trip) and a positive effect of such a choice on the environment and the city.
A Hybrid Approach Based on SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, and IPA for Measuring Transit Service Quality
Authors: Haidar Mohamad
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the public perception of the quality of service in the public transit system in Montreal using a combination of analyses and surveys. The results are used to make recommendations to improve the STM and its perception. General guidelines of SERVQUAL with some additional questions that are more specific to the current social environment of the city are presented. A survey was conducted by asking 250 international graduate Concordia students to rate a series of statements based on the importance of the issue and how much they agreed with the statement, the results were analyzed using three methods: SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, and IPA. The improvement of timetable synchronization between different metro lines and buses is crucial, as well as the education of STM employees in terms of dealing with different ethnicities, languages, and backgrounds are found. The chapter is a rare outside look at the STM and how users perceive the quality of the service, as opposed to the usual internal studies done by the organization itself.
Operations Planning in Carsharing Systems
Authors: Izadi Behnam
Published: October 2019

Shared mobility systems such as carsharing provide significant social and environmental benefits by reducing the number of vehicles used in the urban transport network. The carsharing systems are facing many challenges from the design to operation stages. In the design and strategic management level, it is important to find the best location for the stations, a minimum number of vehicles and a minimum number of operating staff, and in the operation stage, the most important problem is to relocate the vehicles moved by the members among the network to maximize the satisfied demands while the system is still economical. Effective and efficient optimization technology that can respond to user's demand is one of the necessary components for a successful carsharing system. The authors survey the related operations research models in the academic literature proposed to model different aspects of carsharing systems from a strategic and operational point of view to find the gaps and propose opportunities for new research.
A TQM-Based Multi-Dimensional Approach to Improve the Quality of Supplier Selection in the Retail Industry
Authors: Khabbazian Ali , Bhatia Manjot Singh , Zhang Zhonghua
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, the authors study risks in supply chain management, in the process of supplier selection for the procurement department of a retail supply chain. They propose a TQM-based multi-dimensional approach to improve supplier quality. They discover how the potential risks influence the performance of procurement in the supplier selection process of supplier relationship management. This chapter introduces a current supplier assessment approach by using weighted score ranking method as a single dimension mechanism for supplier selection in a specific retail industry. To estimate the efficiency of this mechanism, they use principal component analysis (PCA) statistical approach on real datasets to identify the most important factors that influence the decision-making of supplier selection. The strengths and weaknesses of this single dimension weighted ranking method are analyzed. The authors propose a total quality management (TQM)-based multi-dimensional mechanism to help the buyer identify, avoid, monitor, and reduce potential risks instead of using linear weighted score ranking method.
Demand Information Sharing for an Efficient Collaborative Supply Chain Planning
Authors: Jayapalan Suganya
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, many consumer goods manufacturers and retailers have understood the need to work together in order to elevate their performance. Such mutual cooperation, focusing beyond day-to-day business and transforming from a contract-based relationship to a value-based relationship is well received in the industries. Also, coupling information sharing in their collaborative setup is valued as an effective forward step. Moreover, advent of technologies naturally supports information sharing across the supply chain. As meeting consumers demand is the main aspect of supply chain, studying supply chain behavior with demand as a shared information makes it more beneficial. The chapter shall analyze demand information sharing in a two-stage supply chain with the performance measure being total cost in terms of profit. In order to quantify and understand better, the different levels of collaboration and their impact on the performance measure are analyzed using discrete event simulation. Arena software is used to simulate the required inventory control scenarios.
The Comparison of E-Commerce Platform
Authors: Grzybowska Katarzyna , Sobstyl Bartosz
Published: October 2019

E-commerce is a fast-growing part of the market. Dynamic development of internet technology and increase of mobile devices popularity gives this branch very good perspective. E-commerce is still young. Trends on it are set by a few websites, which created this market, and which provide still new and innovative solutions to their customers. However, there are still more and more underdogs, who decided to focus on particular niches. This decision gives them a possibility to reach specific audience. More and more entrepreneurs noticed this trend and try to use it for their businesses. However, due to the number of new websites, selection of the proper one is not an easy task. The main goal of the chapter was to select the key factors, which will help entrepreneurs to choose the best platform for their needs.
Multi-Tier Supplier Selection Using Total Cost of Ownership and Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Saleh Feras
Published: October 2019

Quality management across multiple tiers is vital to minimize cost of quality in global supply chains. In this chapter, the authors address the problem of supplier selection in multi-tier global supply chains with the purpose of overall quality management. A hybrid approach based on total cost of ownership (TCO) and network data envelopment analysis (DEA) is proposed. The TCO looks beyond the quoted cost to cover additional true costs related to the entire purchasing cycle. The cost categories included are quoted price, manufacturing costs, quality costs, design costs, logistics costs, after sales service, and social/environmental costs. Network DEA is used to rank the suppliers based on the TCO cost categories. The advantage of network DEA is its ability to investigate intermediate linkages between different stages of the supply chain. The results of network DEA are efficient suppliers and improvement targets for inefficient suppliers for improving overall quality in global supply chains. A numerical application is provided.
Emerging Trends of Wellness and Medical Tourism in India
Authors: Medhekar Anita
Published: October 2019

India is a leading health tourism destination attracting patients as medical tourists from all over the world. Health tourism is a provision of private healthcare in collaboration with the government and the tourism sector. India has a competitive advantage over other countries engaged in health tourism in combining traditional Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddhi, and Homeopathy (AYUSH) with allopathic medicine and complex high end of medical surgeries such as cancer, cardiac, and hip and knee replacements. This chapter will identify the factors driving the growing economic importance of wellness and medical tourism to India, opportunities, and challenges in developing India as a global healthcare destination.
Travel Motivations of Cancer Patients
Authors: Dreisbach Sharon Mendoza , Vij Mohit , Dreisbach Jeconiah Louis
Published: October 2019

Affordable travel costs and technological advances in medical procedures have enabled an increased number of patients visiting medical tourist destinations. Distances are not a barrier to treatment anymore. Moreover, medical studies also mention that travelling in itself can be part of the patient's treatment affecting positively on their condition. This study aims at examining the travel motivations and factors of female breast cancer patients and survivors by applying Iso-Ahola's motivation theory. The theory sorted travel motivations in four categories: personal escaping, interpersonal escaping, personal seeking, and interpersonal seeking. Descriptive analysis of the data obtained from the survey showed that patients travel to create share experiences their families, friends, and new people. Travelling also gives them a positive attitude as makes them feel good about themselves and gives them a sense of hope. Travelling is not about avoiding social conflict within their families or communities nor treating themselves alone to not be a burden to their families.
HRV
Authors: Rawal Kirti , Sethi Gaurav , Saini Barjinder Singh , Saini Indu
Published: October 2019

The most important factor involved in heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is cardiac input signal, which is achieved in the form of electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG signal is used for identifying many electrical defects associated with the heart. In this chapter, many issues involved while ECG recording such as type of the recording instrument, various sources of noise, artifacts, and electrical interference from surroundings is presented. Most importantly, this chapter comprises the details about the experimental protocols followed while ECG recording. Also, the brief overview of medical tourism as well as various interpolation methods used for pre-processing of RR intervals are presented in this chapter.
Semantic Web-Linked Data and Libraries
Authors: Rahaman Wasim
Published: October 2019

The present society is considered an information society. A society where the creation, distribution, use, integration, and manipulation of digital information have become the most significant activity in all aspects. Information is producing from every sector of any society, which has resulted in an information explosion. Modern technologies are also having a huge impact. So managing this voluminous information is really a tough job. Again WWW has opened the door to connect anyone or anything within a fraction of a second. This study discussed the Semantic Web and linked data technologies and their effect and application to libraries for the handling of various types of resources.
Information Literacy
Authors: Abdulakeem Sulyman Sodeeq , Abiodun Adeyemi Yusuf , Abel Kolawole Adebayo
Published: October 2019

This chapter distinguished the concept of information and literacy before it proceeded to discuss extensively the concept of information literacy, which is the ability to access, evaluate, organize, and use information from several information resources. The historical development of IL was as well traced. Some notable components of IL such as identifying, finding, evaluating, application, and acknowledgement were explained. The chapter went further and elucidated the qualities of an information literate person. Lastly, benefits and challenges of IL were discussed, and a conclusion followed appropriately.
Initiatives of an Institutional Repository (IR) of the Academic Institutions in the Indian Scenario
Authors: Baskaran C.
Published: October 2019

The chapter analyses that more than 60 academic and research institutions have set up their institutional repositories as indicated by ROAR (Registry of Open Access Repository) and DOAR (Directory of Open Access Repository) (e.g., IISc, IIMK, ISI, NCL, NIO, RRU, NAL, NIT, and so on). There are a few institutions that have not registered in ROAR or DOAR. IRs has been increasing worldwide. Currently, ROAR lists 1,793 and Open DOAR lists about 1,966 IRs all over the world. It is found that more institutions (47) installed the D-Space (62%). It is followed by e-prints adopted (26), and two institutions implemented OAR through GSDL.
Electronic Resource Management and Digitisation
Authors: Raj Swarup Kumar , De Kakoli
Published: October 2019

Electronic resource management (ERM) is the system and technique used by library professionals to track the selection, acquisition, access, maintenance, usage, evaluation of a library's electronic resources. The innovation of ERM conducted in the University Library, University of Calcutta has been discussed. It provides innovative insights into how technology transfer has operated in the University Library for digitising the documents. E-resources are a vital reference source for different types of library users. The main focus is on how ERM is done through the digitisation of resources in the digital library of the University of Calcutta. Digital libraries have been set up in all the campuses by the University Library System so that users can download e-resources from any campus. The University Library maintains an online catalogue for information search and retrieval. Theses have been digitised, and full texts are available. Through the innovation of the Digital Library System of the University, it would enhance the University's education and research value.
Utilisation of Resources and Services Available in Selected Engineering Colleges in Chennai District
Authors: Muthu M. , Selvavinayagam A. V.
Published: October 2019

The Purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of utilisation of resources and services available in selected engineering colleges in Chennai District. Questionnaire followed with the personal interview is the method chosen for data collection in this study. Out of the total of nine institutions, six are selected as sample for the purpose of the present study, representing almost 66% of the total institutions in Chennai District. From each institution, 100 respondents are selected as sample; the researchers have adopted a stratification method. To test the hypothesis, Chi-square test and ANOVA two-way model are applied. This study is the first of its kind on engineering college libraries of Chennai District. It relies not only on data supplied by respondents but also on verification by actual observation. It throws light on the current status of the use of ICT facilities and level of information literacy in the users of these libraries and tries to find the reasons behind their dissatisfaction.
The Value of Employee Engagement to Enhance Work Performance and Customer Service in Public Libraries
Authors: Norris Ashley R. , Norris Sharon E.
Published: October 2019

The organizational culture of a public library plays an important role in the successful achievement of its purpose and mission. Effectively serving patrons and the larger community is an overarching strategic goal of public library systems, and public library leaders who are supportive of workers and committed to promoting a culture of employee engagement hold the potential for enjoying numerous positive individual and organizational outcomes such as effective service work performance and increased customer service and satisfaction. This chapter highlights the benefits of fostering an environment of employee engagement and its enhancement on service work performance and customer service in public libraries.
Clustering and Bayesian Networks
Authors: Chander Bhanu
Published: October 2019

The goal of this chapter is to present an outline of clustering and Bayesian schemes used in data mining, machine learning communities. Standardized data into sensible groups is the preeminent mode of understanding as well as learning. A cluster constitutes a set regarding entities that are alike and entities from different clusters are not alike. Representing data by fewer clusters inevitably loses certain fine important information but achieves better simplification. There is no training stage in clustering; mostly, it's used when the classes are not well-known. Bayesian network is one of the best classification methods and is frequently used. Generally, Bayesian network is a form of graphical probabilistic representation model that consists of a set of interconnected nodes, where each node represents a variable, and inter-link connection represents a causal relationship of those variables. Belief networks are graph symbolized models that successfully model familiarity via transmitting probabilistic information to a variety of assumptions.
Enhanced Logistic Regression (ELR) Model for Big Data
Authors: Dhamodharavadhani S.  , Rathipriya R.
Published: October 2019

Regression model is an important tool for modeling and analyzing data. In this chapter, the proposed model comprises three phases. The first phase concentrates on sampling techniques to get best sample for building the regression model. The second phase is to predict the residual of logistic regression (LR) model using time series analysis method: autoregressive. The third phase is to develop enhanced logistic regression (ELR) model by combining both LR model and residual prediction (RP) model. The empirical study is carried out to study the performance of the ELR model using large diabetic dataset. The results show that ELR model has a higher level of accuracy than the traditional logistic regression model.
An Overview of Methodologies and Challenges in Sentiment Analysis on Social Networks
Authors: Salunkhe Aditya Suresh , Chavan Pallavi Vijay
Published: October 2019

The expeditious increase in the adoption of social media over the last decade, determining and analyzing the attitude and opinion of masses related to a particular entity, has gained quite an importance. With the landing of the Web 2.0, many internet products like blogs, community chatrooms, forums, microblog are serving as a platform for people to express themselves. Such opinion is found in the form of messages, user-comments, news articles, personal blogs, tweets, surveys, status updates, etc. With sentiment analysis, it is possible to eliminate the need to manually going through each and every user comment by focusing on the contextual polarity of the text. Analyzing the sentiments could serve a number of applications like advertisements, recommendations, quality analysis, monetization provided on the web services, real-time analysis of data, analyzing notions related to candidates during election campaign, etc.
Identifying Patterns in Fresh Produce Purchases
Authors: Bogomolov Timofei , Korolkiewicz Malgorzata W. , Bogomolova Svetlana
Published: October 2019

In this chapter, machine learning techniques are applied to examine consumer food choices, specifically purchasing patterns in relation to fresh fruit and vegetables. This product category contributes some of the highest profit margins for supermarkets, making understanding consumer choices in that category important not just for health but also economic reasons. Several unsupervised and supervised machine learning techniques, including hierarchical clustering, latent class analysis, linear regression, artificial neural networks, and deep learning neural networks, are illustrated using Nielsen Consumer Panel Dataset, a large and high-quality source of information on consumer purchases in the United States. The main finding from the clustering analysis is that households who buy less fresh produce are those with children – an important insight with significant public health implications. The main outcome from predictive modelling of spending on fresh fruit and vegetables is that contrary to expectations, neural networks failed to outperform a linear regression model.
Transient Marriages, Child Rights Abuses, and Mediatic Gap
Authors: Ajibade Jegede Ebenezer
Published: October 2019

A few abusive occurrences in the Third World escape the lenses of the media, portending danger to our collective existence. One such social ill that defied the radar of news coverage is the growing transient consummation and abortion of conjugal relationship implicating male gender and instantiating abuses affecting the children from such relationships. Regrettably, the ‘hit and run parenthood' posture attendant of this practice often populate the crime cells cross-culturally and raises the probability of social dislocation laden with colossal cost to societies. Consequently, this chapter attempts to descriptively investigate the depth of this sexual pervasion and the predicaments of children raised under such milieu. A passionate appeal is thus made to galvanize dissuasive participation in such practices and to generate more media attention in order to alleviate the excruciating socio-economic condition and discourage crime among the affected children.
Critical Theory
Authors: Aydin Derya Guler , Ozer-Imer Itir
Published: October 2019

Based on the historical developments in the philosophy of science, it can be claimed that the method of social sciences is mainly dominated by the method of the natural sciences. Social sciences, especially, economics have been affected by the method of physics. From a critical viewpoint, this study aims to scrutinize the method of social sciences by taking into account the concept of devaluation of human beings. The study puts forward that mainstream economics devalue human being at the level of its methodology by excluding the real creator of value from the analyses and by disregarding social and historical factors. The study demonstrates that by taking into consideration the neglected cultural, political and historical factors in addition to the economic ones, the critical theory includes human being and his/her values in the analyses, and hence, it unifies scientific knowledge with human behavior, which is the intentional behavior behind all economic decisions.
Complexity Economics and Innovation Systems
Authors: Yardımcı Pınar
Published: October 2019

Knowledge determines the relationship between regional development and innovation in a knowledge-based economy. The Mersin Regional Innovation Strategy (RIS) Plus Project is based on the European Union's new regional innovation strategy referred to as ‘smart specialization' that is related with industrialization and economic development. This approach is an indicator of the change and transformation in the regional development paradigm in terms of knowledge generation and innovation processes. These developments also reflect the impact of complexity in the philosophy and understanding of the 21st century. Complexity Science and Complexity Economics have increasingly become determinants in the formation of institutional structures and policies within the global economic system. This chapter aims to evaluate the basic characteristics of Mersin RIS Plus Project within the framework of complexity science. This study discusses the development potentials of Mersin and TR62 regions in accordance with the scientific and theoretical basis of the project, and policy proposals are suggested.
Food Security-Related Issues and Solutions
Authors: Pasko Olga , Staurskaya Natalia
Published: October 2019

The food problem has been and has remained relevant throughout the history of mankind. At the end of 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, in the lives of many nations and countries, there have been significant changes. Health status and level of education of the population, such as, for example, food security, is the priority in many countries since, in the absence of sufficient food reserves, there is an economic and political dependence of some countries on others. Having not yet received the required amount of food, the world is faced with the problem of ensuring security in its quality. Anthropogenic pollution of the environment complicates the problem with the quality of food and the exception of harmful chemicals in food. There is a problem of using environmentally friendly agrotechnical means, ensuring the production of high yields of environmentally safe products with a desirable reduction in their cost, and shortening the time required for their production.
Food Waste Reduction Towards Food Sector Sustainability
Authors: Lagioia Giovanni , Amicarelli Vera , Gallucci Teodoro , Bux Christian
Published: October 2019

FAO estimates on average more than 1.3 billion tons of food loss and waste (FLW) along the whole food supply chain (equivalent to one-third of total food production) of which more than 670 million tons in developed countries and approximately 630 million tons in developing ones, showing wide differences between countries. In particular, EU data estimates an amount of more than 85 million tons of FLW, equal to approximately 20% of total food production. This research presents two main goals. First, to review the magnitude of FLW at a global and European level and its environmental, social and economic implications. Second, use Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to support and improve FLW management and its application in an Italian potato industry case study. According to the case study presented, MFA has demonstrated the advantages of tracking input and output to prevent FLW and how they provide economic, social, and environmental opportunities.
Agrarian Reforms of the 20th Century in Russia
Authors: Pasko Olga , Staurskaya Natalia , Gorodilov Alexey , Zakharchenko Alexander
Published: October 2019

Current political and economic reforms, as well as the development of market relations and private property rights, need a retrospect to the experience of the past. An ambitious reform implemented by Russian public entities in the early 20th century was a result of a compromise between the government, society, and individuals. The goals of the reforms offered by Pyotr Stolypin were similar to those of the contemporary ones. Stolypin's reforms aimed at the substitution of group type of land use by public property. The reforms were not evolutional but were motivated by the explosive political and social-economic situation. Another agrarian reform took place in the early 1990s in the Soviet bloc, including the USSR. It aimed at state land property and a centrally planned agrarian economy, the domination of big manufacturers like collective and communal farms, and state pricing control. Despite similar basic principles, the states chose different strategies for the implementation of agrarian reforms.
Emerging Trade-Related Threats to Food Security
Authors: Erokhin Vasilii
Published: October 2019

It is generally believed that free trade plays a vital role in stabilizing food supplies and food prices since abundant foods stocks in some countries coexist with shortages in some others. Contemporary global trade system, however, is becoming increasingly distorted by unfair and inefficient policies in many countries, creating both winners and losers among not only small developing economies, but also largest producers of food and agricultural products. One of the recent examples of such distortion is US-China trade tensions and potential tariff escalations where the agricultural sector is the most vulnerable. By raising import tariffs on food and agricultural products in response to protectionist policies, the countries may face a situation of rising prices for consumers, limited market access for producers, and increasing pressures on food security. In this chapter, the author develops the theme of the effects of globalized agricultural trade on food security with a critical focus on the importance of balancing trade liberalization and protectionism.
Water, Food Security, and Trade in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Abosede Sinmi
Published: October 2019

Water is essential for food production and it plays an important role in helping countries achieve food security. The effect of climate change poses significant threats to agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 95% of agriculture is rain-fed. Changes in weather patterns in the form of prolonged drought and severe flooding, in addition to poor water and land agricultural management practices, has resulted in a significant decline in crop and pasture production in several African countries. The agricultural sector in the region faces the challenge of using the existing scarce water resources in a more efficient way. Most of the countries have failed to achieve food self-sufficiency and rely on imports to meet the demand for food. Agricultural trade can play a significant role in helping countries in Africa achieve food security by increasing availability and access to food in countries that are experiencing food insecurity.
Prospects, Challenges, and Policy Directions for Food Security in India-Africa Agricultural Trade
Authors: Ghosh Ishita , Chakrabarti Sukalpa , Ghoshal Ishita
Published: October 2019

This chapter focusses on the agricultural and investment potential between Sub-Saharan Africa and India, in order to combat food insecurity. There is much scope for meaningful collaboration with governments and public-private partnerships, which could be instrumental in reducing hunger and poverty and managing the adverse effects of climate change. Increasing inclusivity, devising sustainable land-holding policies, incentivizing exporters, knowledge sharing in terms of technology and expertise will also boost employability, production and trade potential. Moreover, effective financial and technical cooperation between India and the African countries may be the key to achieving the desired synergies that will bring about positive changes towards ensuring food security.
Industry 4.0 and Sustainability
Authors: Yildiz Çankaya Sibel , Sezen Bülent
Published: October 2019

Modern industry developed over several centuries and three industrial revolutions. Today, we experience the fourth era of the industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. The advance of industrialization brought along many problems, including environmental pollution, global warming, and depletion of natural resources. As a result, the concept of sustainability began to gain importance. Sustainability can be achieved through a balance between economic, social, and environmental processes. In order to establish such balance, businesses need new business models or insights. At this point, Industry 4.0 can be regarded as a new business mindset that will help businesses and communities move towards sustainable development. The technologies used by Industry 4.0 bear a strong promise to solve these problems, after all. Even though Industry 4.0 attracts a lot of attention lately, few works are available on its impact on sustainability. This chapter examines the impact of Industry 4.0 on sustainability.
Defining the Strategic Impact-Relation Map for the Innovative Investments Based on IT2 Fuzzy DEMATEL
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study is to construct the strategic impact-relation map for the innovative tourism investments. For this aim, a set of the criteria defining the innovative investment alternatives in the tourism industry is proposed for determining the possible impact and relationship between each other. Interval Type 2 DEMATEL method is applied to analyze the strategic priorities of the innovative investments and their influencing degrees in the European tourism industry. The findings show that luxury travel is the most important innovative tourism investment. Another important conclusion is that there is no influencing factor on making investment on educational visitors and medical services. On the other side, investment in shopping facilities and luxury travel influenced by all criteria. Hence, it is recommended that European tourism companies should mainly create new trends on the luxury consumption in order to improve tourism industry to contribute economic development.
Circular Economy Measurement and a Case of the Developing Country Context
Authors: Toker Kerem , Çinar Fadime , Görener Ali
Published: October 2019

Circular economics (CE) is increasingly discussed among researchers, practitioners, and politicians. The discussions between the parties and the confusion about the concept cause the issue to remain on the agenda. According to the general view, CE is the slowing, shrinking, and closing of the welding flow to increase the welding efficiency. However, little attention has been devoted to measuring the CE level of a given economic system. The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate the emergence and development process of CE, and also to show how the CE level of any economic system can be measured. In this context, it is important for developing countries to interest with the issue but not in practice. To put this into perspective, the study examined Turkey's economic system. Turkey's economic, environmental, and social indicators examined were found to have a remote structure of the CE principle. It is expected that the results of the study will lead to a positive social change and become a framework for increasing the contribution of developing economies to the sustainable world.
Management of Industrial Waste
Authors: Akata Aynur
Published: October 2019

Al substances that are left directly or indirectly into the environment that may cause harm to human health and the environment are regarded as waste. Waste generation occurs as a result of daily activities during production of goods and after their use by consumers. In order to decrease and/or eliminate the negative effects onto the environment, a proper waste management is crucial for the societies and governments. In this chapter, the subject is explained starting from the brief historical aspects of waste and waste management and continuing with explanation of the main concepts and their types, focusing on solid waste management and recycling. Various examples are given.
Sustainable Development of Cultural Tourism on Example of Botevgrad Municipality
Authors: Alexova Dessislava Ivanova
Published: October 2019

The survey includes a study of the potential for sustainable tourist development of cultural tourism on example of Botevgrad Municipality, Bulgaria. The main accents are focused on theoretical formulations as system methods for territorial development of cultural tourism in the former tourist destination and practical researches which include proposals for tourism product development. The main approaches are the systemic, related to the systemic character of the territorial system for recreation and tourism at the local level and the empirical, used for gathering the necessary, in volume and character, primary quantitative and qualitative information. The research methods used are based on a deductive approach. The main limiting factors of the study are the lack of monitoring of tourist visits, sufficient statistical information and previous systematic research studies, the lack of traditions in the tourism sector, and the fact that the municipality has never worked preoperatively for the tourist development.
Sex Offender Treatment Program in Prison and Rehabilitation
Authors: Scardaccione Gilda
Published: October 2019

The chapter seeks to demonstrate and describe, from a critical perspective, the most widespread treatment models and programs for sex offenders in prison, opting for integrated approach based on risk assessment and the evaluation of their psychological and social characteristics. Furthermore, specifying factors that can affect the success of the treatment leads to the conclusion that sex offenders require the implementation of differentiated programs focused on their personal characteristics and needs. The reduction of recidivism is indicated as a criterion with which to assess the effectiveness of the programs, although the results achieved in research on the matter do not always agree and do not always confirm a reduction in repeat offenses in the subjects undergoing treatment. The chapter concludes by calling for greater program development and more precise methodological accuracy in verifying the results.
What Do Facebook Users Feel About Facebook Advertising?
Authors: Kang Yowei , Yang Kenneth C. C.
Published: October 2019

Because of its popularity and rapid growth, Facebook has become a viable advertising medium for corporations to communicate with their consumers. The experiences of Facebook users are important to ensure the success of any Facebook advertising campaign. This chapter reports the findings from a qualitative study using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) after recruiting Facebook college participants in a large university in the Southwest U.S. The ESM technique is a powerful tool to collect data to demonstrate participants' actual experiences and reflections when using Facebook and Facebook advertising. The authors use a signal contingent protocol to record participants' experiences in using Facebook and Facebook advertising after prompting participants to record their using experiences randomly. The findings will help online advertising researchers to better understand the feasibility of using Facebook as a potential advertising medium through a non-survey-based method to better assess potential impacts on businesses.