bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gene expression in Bacillus subtilis surface biofilms with and without sporulation and the importance of yver for biofilm maintenance
Authors: Ren Dacheng , Bedzyk Laura A. , Setlow Peter , Thomas Stuart M. , Ye Rick W. , Wood Thomas K.
Published: April 2004

Five independent DNA microarray experiments were used to study the gene expression profile of a 5‐day Bacillus subtilis air–liquid interface biofilm relative to planktonic cells. Both wild‐type B. subtilis and its sporulation mutant (ΔspoIIGB::erm) were investigated to discern the important biofilm genes (in the presence and absence of sporulation). The microarray results indicated that suspension cells were encountering anaerobic conditions, and the air–liquid interface biofilm was metabolically active. For the statistically significant differential expression (P < 0.05), there were 342 genes induced and 248 genes repressed in the wild‐type biofilm, whereas 371 genes were induced and 128 genes were repressed in the sporulation mutant biofilm. The microarray results were confirmed with RNA dot blotting. A small portion of cells (1.5%) in the wild‐type biofilm formed spores and sporulation genes were highly expressed. In the biofilm formed by the sporulation mutant, competence genes (comGA, srfAA, srfAB, srfAD, and comS) were induced which indicate a role for quorum sensing (bacterial gene expression controlled by sensing their population) in biofilms. There were 53 genes consistently induced in the biofilms of both the wild‐type strain and its spoIIGB mutant—those genes have functions for transport, metabolism, antibiotic production—and 26 genes with unknown functions. Besides the large number of genes with known functions induced in the biofilm (121 genes in the wild‐type biofilm and 185 genes in the sporulation mutant biofilm), some genes with unknown functions were also induced (221 genes in the wild‐type biofilm and 186 genes in the sporulation mutant biofilm), such as the yve operon which appears to be involved in polysaccharide synthesis and the ybc operon which inhibits the growth of competitors for nutrients. A knockout mutant of yveR was constructed, and the mutant showed major defects in biofilm maintenance. Both the wild‐type strain and its sporulation mutant formed normal biofilms, suggesting complete sporulation is not necessary for biofilm formation. The expression profiles of these two strains share more repressed genes than induced genes, suggesting that the biofilm cells repress similar pathways in response to starvation and high cell density. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel packed‐bed bioreactor operating under isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions
Authors: De Maio Anna , El‐Masry Mansour , Di Martino Silvana , Rossi Sergio , Bencivenga Umberto , Grano Valentina , Diano Nadia , Canciglia Paolo , Gustavo Mita Damiano
Published: April 2004

A novel packed‐bed bioreactor, operating under isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions, has been constructed. The core of the apparatus consisted in a polypropylene ring filled with β‐galactosidase immobilized on beads of polyacrylic acid, grafted with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. Phenylendiamine and glutaraldehyde were used as spacer and coupling agent, respectively. Two lateral nylon membranes held the enzyme beads into the ring and allowed the occurrence of the process of thermodialysis when the bioreactor was operating under non‐isothermal conditions. Comparison of the enzyme activity under isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions has shown that in the presence of temperature gradients the rate of lactose hydrolysis was increased, with a reduction of the apparent Km value. Under non‐isothermal conditions the percentage increases of enzyme activity were found to decrease with the increase of the substrate concentration. The results have been explained within the frame of reference of the process of thermodialysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spontaneous Resolution through Helical Assembly of a Conformationally Chiral Molecule with an Unusual Zwitterionic Structure
Authors: Jayanty S. , Radhakrishnan T. P.
Published: April 2004

A conformationally chiral zwitterionic molecule forms mutually orthogonal helical superstructures in the crystal. This is achieved through a network of hydrogen bond pathways, and electrostatic interactions in crystals formed with and without water of crystallization. A systematic protocol for the computation of charge distribution on the 'molecule‐in‐the‐crystal' is presented; the computed charges provide an insight into the origin of the intermolecular electrostatic interactions. The coexisting orthogonal helical formations lead to the homochiral assembly, and spontaneous resolution observed in the crystals. This material facilitates an appraisal of the molecular level interactions, which form the basis for the persistent spontaneous resolution of a conformationally chiral molecule in the solid state.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Magnetic Semiconductor Na2RuO4 Containing One‐Dimensional Chains of Ru6+.
Authors: Shikano Masahiro , Kremer Reinhard K. , Ahrens Martin , Koo H.‐J. , Whangbo M.‐H. , Darriet Jacques
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Hybrid Framework Materials under “Dry” Hydrothermal Conditions: Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Mn2(H2PO4)2 (C2O4).
Authors: Lethbridge Zoe A. D. , Smith Martin J. , Tiwary Satish K. , Harrison Andrew , Lightfoot Philip
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Gd2O3:Eu Nanocrystalline Using EDTA Complexing Sol‐Gel Process.
Authors: Zhai Yong‐qing , Yao Zi‐hua , Qiu Man‐de , Liu Bao‐sheng , Dai Xiu‐lian
Published: April 2004

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Observation of Two Distinct Superconducting Phases in CeCu2Si2.
Authors: Yuan H. Q. , Grosche F. M. , Deppe M. , Geibel C. , Sparn G. , Steglich F.
Published: April 2004

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Low‐Temperature Synthesis and Microwave Dielectric Properties of Mg4Nb2O9 Ceramics Synthesized by a Precipitation Method.
Authors: Kan Akinori , Ogawa Hirotaka
Published: April 2004

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Giant Coercive Field of Nanometer‐Sized Iron Oxide.
Authors: Jin Jian , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Hashimoto Kazuhito
Published: April 2004

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One‐Step Low‐Temperature Route for the Preparation of Electrochemically Active LiMnPO4 Powders.
Authors: Delacourt C. , Poizot P. , Morcrette M. , Tarascon J.‐M. , Masquelier C.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Characterization of Porous and Nonporous Monodisperse Colloidal TiO2 Particles.
Authors: Eiden‐Assmann S. , Widoniak J. , Maret G.
Published: April 2004

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Single Crystal Growth of Manganese Gallium Nitride Using Mn—Ga—Na Melt.
Authors: Aoki Masato , Yamane Hisanori , Shimada Masahiko , Kajiwara Takashi
Published: April 2004

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Formation of Multinary Intermetallics from Reduction of Perovskites by Aluminum Flux: M3Au6+xAl26Ti (M: Ca, Sr, Yb), a Stuffed Variant of the BaHg11 Type.
Authors: Latturner Susan E. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: April 2004

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Highly Diastereoselective Simmons—Smith Cyclopropanation of Allylic Amines.
Authors: Aggarwal Varinder K. , Fang Guang Yu , Meek Graham
Published: April 2004

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Electronic and Steric Effects of Ligands as Control Elements for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Gergely Ildiko , Hegedues Csaba , Szoelloesy Aron , Monsees Axel , Riermeier Thomas , Bakos Jozsef
Published: April 2004

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An Insoluble Polymer‐Bound Phosphoramidite for the Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of ZnEt2 to 2‐Cyclohexenone.
Authors: Mandoli Alessandro , Calamante Massimo , Feringa Ben L. , Salvadori Piero
Published: April 2004

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Chiroptical Properties and Applications in PTC of New Dendritic Cinchonidine‐Derived Ammonium Salts.
Authors: Guillena Gabriela , Kreiter Robert , van de Coevering Rob , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , van Koten Gerard , Mazon Patricia , Chinchilla Rafael , Najera Carmen
Published: April 2004

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Abnormal Aza‐Baylis—Hillman Reaction of N‐Tosylated Imines with Ethyl 2,3‐Butadienoate and Penta‐3,4‐dien‐2‐one.
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Huang Jin‐Wen , Shi Min
Published: April 2004

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Solvent‐Free Oxidation of Alcohols by t‐Butyl Hydroperoxide Catalyzed by Water‐Soluble Copper Complex.
Authors: Ferguson Gabriel , Ajjou Abdelaziz Nait
Published: April 2004

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NaIO4‐Mediated Selective Oxidative Halogenation of Alkenes and Aromatics Using Alkali Metal Halides.
Authors: Dewkar Gajanan K. , Narina Srinivasarao V. , Sudalai Arumugam
Published: April 2004

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Intermolecular, Markovnikov Hydroamination of Vinylarenes with Alkylamines.
Authors: Utsunomiya Masaru , Hartwig John F.
Published: April 2004

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A Simple and Fast Procedure for Efficient Synthesis of β‐ and γ‐Azidoarylketones.
Authors: Singh Pradeep N. D. , Muthukrishnan Sivaramakrishnan , Murthy Rajesh S. , Klima Rodney F. , Mandel Sarah M. , Hawk Michael , Yarbrough Nina , Gudmundsdottir Anna D.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereospecificity in the Silicon Tethered α‐(Methyl)allylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Roberts Jeremy , Hall Michael J. , Green Stuart P.
Published: April 2004

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Nickel‐Catalyzed Olefination of Unactivated Aliphatic Dithioacetals.
Authors: Huang Li‐Fu , Huang Chih‐Hao , Stulgies Baldur , de Meijere Armin , Luh Tien‐Yau
Published: April 2004

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General and Selective Olefination of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by a Cobalt(II) Porphyrin Complex.
Authors: Lee Ming‐Yung , Chen Ying , Zhang X. Peter
Published: April 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Ring‐Closing Metathesis Revisited: The Question of the Nonthermal Microwave Effect.
Authors: Garbacia Stefania , Desai Bimbisar , Lavastre Olivier , Kappe C. Olivier
Published: April 2004

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Microwave‐Assisted Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Olefin Metathesis under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Vo Thanh Giang , Loupy Andre
Published: April 2004

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Lanthanide Complexes in Organic Synthesis: Synthesis of Ethers from Allyl Alcohols.
Authors: Swamy S. J. , Nagaraju D. , Suresh K.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bismuth Compounds in Organic Synthesis. Deprotection of Ketoximes Using Bismuth Bromide‐Bismuth Triflate.
Authors: Arnold Joshua N. , Hayes Patrick D. , Kohaus Robert L. , Mohan Ram S.
Published: April 2004

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A Versatile Route to 3‐Benzoheteroepines Containing Group 15 and 16 Heavier Elements Involving Several Novel Ring Systems, and Their Thermal Stabilities.
Authors: Yasuike Shuji , Kiharada Tsutomu , Tsuchiya Takashi , Kurita Jyoji
Published: April 2004

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Transition‐Metal‐Mediated Cascade Reactions: C,C‐Dicyclopropylmethylamines by Way of Double C,C‐σ‐Bond Insertion into Bicyclobutanes.
Authors: Wipf Peter , Stephenson Corey R. J. , Okumura Kazuo
Published: April 2004

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Furan‐Containing Oligoaryl Cyclophanene
Authors: Tseng Jui‐Chang , Huang Shou‐Ling , Lin Cheng‐Lan , Lin Hsin‐Chieh , Jin Bih‐Yaw , Chen Chun‐Yan , Yu Jen‐Kan , Chou Pi‐Tai , Luh Tien‐Yau
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
2‐Substituted (Azulen‐1‐yl)ethenes.
Authors: Razus Alexandru C. , Nitu Carmen , Tecuceanu Victorita , Cimpeanu Valentin
Published: April 2004

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Cross‐Coupling of Alkynylsilanols with Aryl Halides Promoted by Potassium Trimethylsilanolate.
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Tymonko Steven A.
Published: April 2004

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Equilibrium Addition of Acidic OH Groups Across Dienes.
Authors: Utsunomiya Masaru , Kawatsura Motoi , Hartwig John F.
Published: April 2004

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Highly Selective Oxidative Cleavage of β‐Cyclodextrin—Epoxide/Aziridine Complexes with IBX in Water.
Authors: Surendra K. , Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Reddy M. Arjun , Nageswar Y. V. D. , Rao K. Rama
Published: April 2004

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Preparation of Unsymmetrical Sulfides Using Modified Zeolite Catalysts.
Authors: Esakkidurai T. , Vijaikumar S. , Madhavan D. , Pitchumani K.
Published: April 2004

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A Novel Approach to Substituted 2H‐Azirines.
Authors: Katritzky Alan R. , Wang Mingyi , Wilkerson Chavon R. , Yang Hongfang
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of N‐2‐Hydroxypropyl/N‐proteo β‐Lactams.
Authors: Sharma S. D. , Bhaduri Susmita , Kanwar Seema
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Properties of Hetero‐Halogenated TTFs.
Authors: Suizu Rie , Imakubo Tatsuro
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Synthesis of Pyrroles by the Condensation of Cyclopropenes and Nitriles Mediated by Gallium(III) and Indium(III) Salts.
Authors: Araki Shuki , Tanaka Takashi , Toumatsu Shinya , Hirashita Tsunehisa
Published: April 2004

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Bi(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Indoles to p‐Quinones: A Facile Synthesis of 3‐Indolyl Quinones.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Swamy T.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5‐Substituted Indole Derivatives. Part 5. A Synthesis of 5‐Formyl‐1H‐indole‐2‐carboxylates: The CH2SO3H Functionality as a Masked Formyl Group.
Authors: Pete Bela , Parlagh Gyula , Toeke Laszlo
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conversion of Epoxides to 1,3‐Dioxolanes Catalyzed by Tin(II) Chloride.
Authors: Vyvyan James R. , Meyer Jennifer A. , Meyer Korin D.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of C5‐Substituted Imidazolines.
Authors: Defacqz Nathalie , Tran‐Trieu Van , Cordi Alex , Marchand‐Brynaert Jacqueline
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Pyrroloaryl‐Substituted Oxazolidinones.
Authors: Paget Steven D. , Foleno Barbara D. , Boggs Christine M. , Goldschmidt Raul M. , Hlasta Dennis J. , Weidner‐Wells Michele A. , Werblood Harvey M. , Wira Ellyn , Bush Karen , Macielag Mark J.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Classes of Antibacterial Oxazolidinones with C‐5, Methylene O‐Linked Heterocyclic Side Chains.
Authors: Gravestock Michael B. , Acton David G. , Betts Michael J. , Dennis Michael , Hatter Glenn , McGregor Alexandra , Swain Michael L. , Wilson R. Geoffrey , Woods Lisa , Wookey Alan
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 2(3H)‐Benzoxazolone Derivatives as Potential Melatonin Receptor Ligands.
Authors: Mesangeau Christophe , Poupaert Jacques H. , Carato Pascal , Yous Said
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Semiempirical Calculations of Imidazolidine, Isoxazolone and Thiazoline Thiol Derivatives of Acenaphthylene‐1,2‐dione.
Authors: Pardasani R. T. , Pardasani P. , Sharma I. , Saxena A. , Kohli S.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3,3′‐Bi‐1,2,4‐triazolo[4,5‐a]benzimidazole, 5,5′‐Bi‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole, and Thiazolo[3,2‐a]benzimidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Raslan Mohamed A. , Farag Ahmad M.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemoselective Reaction of Bisheterocycle Dicarboxylate Towards Hydrazine Hydrate: Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Trisheterocycles: 5‐Pyrrolylaminocarbonyl/oxadiazolyl/mercaptooxadiazolylmethoxy‐1‐furfury l‐2‐methylindoles.
Authors: Gadaginamath Guru S. , Donawade Dundappa S.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole Phenyl Oxazolidinone Analogues.
Authors: Thomasco Lisa M. , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoactivated Tungsten Hexacarbonyl Catalyzed Conversion of Alkynols to Glycals.
Authors: Wipf Peter , Graham Thomas H.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of New Hydroxy‐2‐styrylchromones.
Authors: Santos Clementina M. M. , Silva Artur M. S. , Cavaleiro Jose A. S.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Improved, Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Polymethoxyflavones under Microwave Irradiation and Their Inhibitory Effects on Melanogenesis.
Authors: Tsukayama Masao , Kawamura Yasuhiko , Ishizuka Takaaki , Hayashi Shinji , Torii Fumihito
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Solution‐Phase Parallel Synthesis of 4‐Substituted N‐Protected Piperidines.
Authors: Wang Xiaoyang , Kauppi Anna M. , Olsson Roger , Almqvist Fredrik
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis of New 3‐Arylisoquinolinamines: Effect on Topoisomerase I Inhibition and Cytotoxicity.
Authors: Cho Won‐Jea , Min Sun Young , Le Thanh Nguyen , Kim Tae Sung
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Route to Chiral trans‐6‐Alkyl‐2‐hydroxymethyl‐1,2,5,6‐tetrahydropyridines by Allylation of Chiral Imines and Ring‐Closing Metathesis — Total Synthesis of (‐)‐3‐epi‐Deoxoprosopinine.
Authors: Felpin Francois‐Xavier , Boubekeur Kamal , Lebreton Jacques
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Asymmetric Conjugate Addition Reactions of Meldrum′s Acid Derived Acceptors Employing Chiral Phosphoramidite Ligands.
Authors: Watanabe Takumi , Knoepfel Thomas F. , Carreira Erick M.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multicomponent Linchpin Couplings. Reaction of Dithiane Anions with Terminal Epoxides, Epichlorohydrin, and Vinyl Epoxides: Efficient, Rapid, and Stereocontrolled Assembly of Advanced Fragments for Complex Molecule Synthesis.
Authors: Smith Amos B. III , Pitram Suresh M. , Boldi Armen M. , Gaunt Matthew J. , Sfouggatakis Chris , Moser William H.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Switchable Catalysis: Modular Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrimidinones via Selective Sulfide and Halide Cross‐Coupling Chemistry.
Authors: Kusturin Carrie , Liebeskind Lanny S. , Rahman Hayat , Sample Kirby , Schweitzer Barbara , Srogl Jiri , Neumann William L.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pyrazolo[2′,3′:3,4][1,3]oxazino[5,6‐b]quinoxaline, a Novel Tetracyclic Ring System.
Authors: Banekovich Christian , Mereiter Kurt , Matuszczak Barbara
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Benzazepine Oxazolidinone Antibacterials.
Authors: Johnson Paul D. , Aristoff Paul A. , Zurenko Gary E. , Schaadt Ronda D. , Yagi Betty H. , Ford Charles W. , Hamel Judith C. , Stapert Douglas , Moerman Judy K.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cobalt‐Mediated Macrocyclizations. Facile Synthesis of 2‐Oxo Pyridinophanes via [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of α,ω‐Diynes and Isocyanates.
Authors: Bonaga Llorente V. R. , Zhang Han‐Cheng , Gauthier Diane A. , Reddy Indrasena , Maryanoff Bruce E.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ene Cyclizations of α‐(Prenyl)dialkylsilyloxy Aldehydes: Formation and Oxidative Cleavage of Oxasilacyclohexanols.
Authors: Robertson Jeremy , Hall Michael J. , Stafford Petra M. , Green Stuart P.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silylketenes under Kulinkovich Conditions: Alkene/Ketene Exchange versus Nucleophilic Addition. Application to the Stereoselective Preparation of Vinylcyclopropanols.
Authors: Raponi Eric , Pons Jean‐Marc
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Unprotected and Borane‐Protected Cyclic Phosphines Using Ru‐ and Mo‐Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts.
Authors: Slinn Catherine A. , Redgrave Alison J. , Hind S. Lucy , Edlin Chris , Nolan Steven P. , Gouverneur Veronique
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Aminobromination of Unsaturated Phosphonates.
Authors: Qi Xin , Lee Sang‐Hyeup , Kwon Ji Young , Kim Youngmee , Kim Sung‐Jin , Lee Yoon‐Sik , Yoon Juyoung
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
DAPI Derivative: A Fluorescent DNA Dye that Can Be Covalently Attached to Biomolecules.
Authors: Li Min , Wu Robert S. , Tsai Jane S. C.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Norkaurane‐γ‐Lactone from Parinari sprucei
Authors: Mattia Carlo Andrea , Braca Alessandra , De Tommasi Nunziatina , Puliti Raffaella
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Lupane Triterpenoids from Salvia roborowskii Maxim
Authors: Li Ya , Wu Yan‐Qi , Shi Yan‐Ping
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
O—N Intramolecular Acyl Migration Strategy in Water‐Soluble Prodrugs of Taxoids.
Authors: Skwarczynski Mariusz , Sohma Youhei , Kimura Maiko , Hayashi Yoshio , Kimura Tooru , Kiso Yoshiaki
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N‐Acyl‐N,α,α‐trialkyl and N‐Acyl‐α,α‐dialkyl Glycines by Selective Cleavage of Ugi—Passerini Adducts. Qualitative Assessment of the Effect of Substituents on the Path and Yield of Reaction.
Authors: Jiang Wei‐Qun , Costa Susana P. G. , Maia Hernani L. S.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of the Depsipeptide FR‐901375.
Authors: Chen Yanping , Gambs Celine , Abe Yoshito , Wentworth Paul Jr. , Janda Kim D.
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solution and Solid‐Supported Synthesis of 3,4,5‐Trisubstituted 1,2,4‐Triazole‐Based Peptidomimetics.
Authors: Boeglin Damien , Cantel Sonia , Heitz Annie , Martinez Jean , Fehrentz Jean‐Alain
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Derivatized Amino Acids Relevant to Native Peptide Synthesis by Chemical Ligation and Acyl Transfer.
Authors: Clive Derrick L. J. , Hisaindee Soleiman , Coltart Don M.
Published: April 2004

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Design and Syntheses of Melanocortin Subtype‐4 Receptor Agonists: Evolution of the Pyridazinone Archetype.
Authors: Ujjainwalla Feroze , et al. et al.
Published: April 2004

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Diastereoselective Formation of Seven‐Membered Oxacycles by Ring‐Expansion of Cyclopropanated Galactal.
Authors: Batchelor Rhys , Hoberg John O.
Published: April 2004

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(‐)‐Daucic Acid: Revision of Configuration, Synthesis, and Biosynthetic Implications
Authors: Lichtenthaler Frieder W. , Nakamura Katsumi , Klotz Juergen
Published: April 2004

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Sulfoxide Covalent Catalysis: Application to Glycosidic Bond Formation.
Authors: Boebel Timothy A. , Gin David Y.
Published: April 2004

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A Novel Naphthanol Glycoside from Terminalia arjuna with Antioxidant and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Ali A. , Kaur G. , Hayat K. , Ali M. , Ather M.
Published: April 2004

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RuCl3‐Promoted Amide Formation from Azides and Thioacids.
Authors: Fazio Fabio , Wong Chi‐Huey
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,5‐Dialkyl‐Substituted Indolizidine Alkaloids via Sequential Cross‐Metathesis—Double‐Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Randl Stefan , Blechert Siegfried
Published: April 2004

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Thermodynamic Equilibration of Dihydropyridone Enolates: Application to the Total Synthesis of (+/‐)‐Epiuleine.
Authors: Tasber Edward S. , Garbaccio Robert M.
Published: April 2004

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Synthetic Studies Towards the Tunicamycins and Analogues Based on Diazo Chemistry. Total Synthesis of Tunicaminyl Uracils.
Authors: Sarabia Francisco , Martin‐Ortiz Laura , Lopez‐Herrera F. Jorge
Published: April 2004

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5′‐Nor Carbocyclic Ribavirin.
Authors: Tuncbilek Meral , Schneller Stewart W.
Published: April 2004

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A New Route to Acyclic Nucleosides via Palladium‐Mediated Allylic Alkylation and Cross‐Metathesis.
Authors: Amblard Franck , Nolan Steven P. , Gillaizeau Isabelle , Agrofoglio Luigi A.
Published: April 2004

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Optically Pure Dioxolanes as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication.
Authors: Bera Sanjib , Malik Leila , Bhat Balkrishen , Carroll Steven S. , MacCoss Malcolm , Olsen David B. , Tomassini Joanne E. , Eldrup Anne B.
Published: April 2004

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New Cerebrosides from Euphorbia peplis L.: Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation.
Authors: Cateni Francesca , Zilic Jelena , Falsone Gioacchino , Scialino Giuditta , Banfi Elena
Published: April 2004

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Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Callipeltoside A.
Authors: Paterson Ian , Davies Robert D. M. , Heimann Annekatrin C. , Marquez Rodolfo , Meyer Arndt
Published: April 2004

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Total Synthesis of (+)‐Epiepoformin and (‐)‐Phyllostine.
Authors: Okamura Hiroaki , Shimizu Hideki , Yamashita Naomi , Iwagawa Tetsuo , Nakatani Munehiro
Published: April 2004

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Cephalexin: A Channel Hydrate
Authors: Kennedy Alan R. , Okoth Maurice O. , Sheen David B. , Sherwood John N. , Teat Simon J. , Vrcelj Ranko M.
Published: April 2004

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Milbemycin α17 and Related Compounds Synthesized from Milbemycin A4: Synthetic Procedure and Acaricidal Activities.
Authors: Tsukiyama Takahiro , Kinoshita Ayako , Ichinose Reiji , Sato Kazuo
Published: April 2004

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New Cytotoxic Bafilomycin C1‐Amide Produced by Kitasatospora cheerisanensis.
Authors: Moon Surk‐Sik , Hwang Wey‐Hyung , Chung Young Ryun , Shin Jongheon
Published: April 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isolation and Identification of Cissetin — A Setin‐Like Antibiotic with a Novel cis‐Octalin Ring Fusion.
Authors: Boros Christie , Dix Alissa , Katz Barry , Vasina Yelena , Pearce Cedric
Published: April 2004

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Total Synthesis of the Highly Potent anti‐HIV Natural Product Daurichromenic Acid along with Its Two Chromane Derivatives, Rhododaurichromanic Acids A and B.
Authors: Kang Ying , Mei Yan , Du Yuguo , Jin Zhendong
Published: April 2004

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Total Synthesis of (+)‐Macquarimicin A.
Authors: Munakata Ryosuke , Katakai Hironori , Ueki Tatsuo , Kurosaka Jun , Takao Ken‐ichi , Tadano Kin‐ichi
Published: April 2004

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Uniform Field Emission from Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by CO Disproportionation.
Authors: Lee Jin Seung , Suh Jung Sang
Published: April 2004

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A Convenient Low‐Temperature Route to Nanocrystalline Boron Phosphide.
Authors: Chen Luyang , Gu Yunle , Shi Liang , Ma Jianhua , Yang Zeheng , Qian Yitai
Published: April 2004

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Diffraction Study on the Atomic Structure and Phase Separation of Amorphous Ceramics in the Si—(B)—C—N System. Part 1. Si—C—N Ceramics.
Authors: Haug Joerg , Lamparter Peter , Weinmann Markus , Aldinger Fritz
Published: April 2004

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Diffraction Study on the Atomic Structure and Phase Separation of Amorphous Ceramics in the Si—(B)—C—N System. Part 2. Si—B—C—N Ceramics.
Authors: Haug Joerg , Lamparter Peter , Weinmann Markus , Aldinger Fritz
Published: April 2004

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Strained Si—O—Si Bonds in Amorphous SiO2 Materials: A Family Member of Active Centers in Radio, Photo, and Chemical Responses
Authors: Awazu Koichi , Kawazoe Hiroshi
Published: April 2004

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Chemical Methods of Thin Film Deposition: Chemical Vapor Deposition, Atomic Layer Deposition, and Related Technologies
Authors: Crowell John E.
Published: April 2004

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Organometallic Complexes of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanoids
Authors: Hou Z. , Wakatsuki Y.
Published: April 2004

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Transition Metal Carbonyl Clusters with Ene‐Yne Ligands
Authors: Gervasio Giuliana , King Philip J. , Marabello Domenica , Sappa Enrico
Published: April 2004

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Organometallic Conjugation: Conceptual Advance and Research Prospects
Authors: Nakamura Akira
Published: April 2004

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Heck Reactions with Various Types of Palladium Complex Catalysts: Application of Multiphase Catalysis and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide.
Authors: Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Arai Masahiko
Published: April 2004

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Directed Evolution of Enzymes: New Biocatalysts for Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Alexeeva Marina , Carr Reuben , Turner Nicholas J.
Published: April 2004

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The Role of Radicals in Metal‐Assisted Oxygenation Reactions.
Authors: Limberg Christian
Published: April 2004

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Direct Oxidation of Azides to Nitro Compounds.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Etzkorn Markus
Published: April 2004

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Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Organo‐Boron and ‐Titanium Reagents to Electron‐Deficient Olefins
Authors: Hayashi Tamio
Published: April 2004

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Recent Synthetic Advances of Tetrathiafulvalene‐Based Organic Conductors
Authors: Otsubo Tetsuo , Takimiya Kazuo
Published: April 2004

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Titanium(II) Alkoxides in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sato Fumie , Urabe Hirokazu
Published: April 2004

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Hydrozirconation and Further Transmetalation Reactions
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H. , Pfeiffer Steven S. , Noson Kevin , Tomioka Takashi
Published: April 2004

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Zirconacyclopentadienes in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Li Yanzhong
Published: April 2004

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The Generation of Dihydropyrimidine Libraries Utilizing Biginelli Multi‐Component Chemistry
Authors: Kappe C. Oliver
Published: April 2004

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Erythropoietin Sensitizer — A Case Study
Authors: Hinzen Berthold , Braunlich Gabriele , Gerdes Christoph , Kramer Thomas , Lustig Klemens , Nielsch Ulrich , Sperzel Michael , Pernerstorfer Josef
Published: April 2004

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Synthetic Approaches to Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Sreenivasachary Nampally
Published: April 2004

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Bridged Calix[6]arenes
Authors: Chen Yuanyin , Gong Shuling
Published: April 2004

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Addition to CC Multiple Bonds (Except for CC Bond Formation)
Authors: Smith Adrian L.
Published: April 2004

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Solid State Structural Properties of Multibridged [3n]Cyclophanes and Their Charge Transfer Complexes
Authors: Yasutake Mikio , Koga Toru , Lim Chultack , Zhou Ming , Matsuda‐Sentou Wakana , Satou Teizi , Shinmyozu Teruo
Published: April 2004

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Polyazacyclophanes as a Versatile Molecular Receptors for Ions and Neutral Molecules
Authors: Pietraszkiewicz Marek , Pietraszkiewicz Oksana
Published: April 2004

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Unsymmetrical 1,3‐Alternate Calix[4]arenes: Cylindrical Metacyclophanes
Authors: Pulpoka Buncha , Ruangpornvisuti Vithaya , Asfari Zouhair , Vicens Jacques
Published: April 2004

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Diversity‐Based Identification of Efficient Homochiral Organometallic Catalysts for Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: April 2004

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Physical Properties of Phthalocyanine‐Based Materials
Authors: Dini Danilo , Hanack Michael
Published: April 2004

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Bioinspired Molecular Design of Light‐Harvesting Multiporphyrin Arrays.
Authors: Choi Myung‐Seok , Yamazaki Tomoko , Yamazaki Iwao , Aida Takuzo
Published: April 2004

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The Evolution of Dip‐Pen Nanolithography.
Authors: Ginger David S. , Zhang Hua , Mirkin Chad A.
Published: April 2004

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Direct Hydrocarbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Barnett Scott A. , Liu Jiang , Madsen Brian D. , Zhan Zhongliang
Published: April 2004

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A Planning Strategy for Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis.
Authors: Burke Martin D. , Schreiber Stuart L.
Published: April 2004

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E‐Molecular Shapes and Properties
Authors: Carpy A. J. M. , Marchand‐Geneste N.
Published: April 2004

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Peptide Foldamers as Building Blocks for Ordered Nanomolecular Architectures: A Structural Investigation
Authors: Venanzi M. , Palleschi A. , Stella L. , Pispisa B.
Published: April 2004

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The natural history of insulin content in the pancreas of female and male non‐obese diabetic mouse: implications for trials of diabetes prevention in humans
Authors: Valorani M. G. , Hawa M. I. , Buckley L. R. , Afeltra A. , Cacciapaglia F. , Pozzilli P.
Published: April 2004

Background

The non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mouse is a well‐established animal model used to study the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The NOD mouse spontaneously develops an autoimmune form of the disease between 12 and 18 weeks of age, characterized by an infiltration of the endocrine pancreas by autoreactive mononuclear cells. In our colony, all animals showed signs of insulitis, but only approximately 60% of females and 15% of males developed diabetes.

The aim of this study was to determine the natural history of insulin content in the pancreas of female and male NOD/Ba mice during their life span.

Methods

Pancreata were collected at two‐week intervals, from 4 weeks of age to 30 weeks of age. Four animals at each age as well as 18 diabetic female NOD mice were studied. Pancreata were homogenized, supernatants collected and insulin measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

Female and male non‐diabetic NOD mice showed significantly higher levels of insulin in the pancreata in comparison to the diabetic female animals. Pancreata from female (n = 56) animals showed more insulin content than male pancreata (n = 56), suggesting beta‐cell hyperactivity as a result of the ongoing beta‐cell destruction. However this difference was only significant at an early age (4–12 weeks of age) (p < 0.04). Insulin content in diabetic female NOD pancreas declines with time, and was very low at the age of 25 to 34 weeks. This decline was not observed in male pancreata despite the presence of lymphocytic infiltration.

Conclusion

We conclude that a reduction in pancreatic insulin content occurs slowly in the natural history of the disease and that such reduction only becomes apparent after diagnosis of hyperglycaemia. Occurrence of extensive lymphocytic infiltration in non‐diabetic male mice is not accompanied by a reduction of insulin content in the pancreas. These findings have implications for designing studies in humans which aims to protect residual beta‐cell function. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design optimization of a TDMA burst modem for small earth stations in a channel containing two nonlinear devices
Authors: Hara Takao , Tsuji Yoshikazu , Yamamoto Heiichi
Published: April 2004

The conventional TDMA satellite communication system generally involves operations in which a sufficient amount of back‐off is provided by using a large‐scale high‐power amplifier (HPA) in the earth station. However, if the HPA in the earth station can be operated at the saturation point, the earth station can be downsized and rendered into a low‐power consumption station, with considerable benefits in terms of earth station installation and economy of operation. The authors have proposed a system combining an optimized transmission system and error‐correction code, using burst modem filters and other devices, in a transmission system including two nonlinear devices of an earth station HPA and a satellite traveling‐wave tube amplifier (TWTA), and have confirmed by computer simulations and experiments that it is feasible to operate the earth station HPA at its saturation point. The authors have also demonstrated that adequate performance characteristics can be attained in terms of burst‐to‐burst interference and cycle‐skipping characteristics in the carrier recovery system. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(8): 47–62, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10149
Clutter suppression filters with cascade connection using offset of zeros for staggered PRF radars
Authors: Harasawa Yasuhiro , Sekiguchi Takashi , Kirimoto Tetsuo , Hamada Nozomu
Published: April 2004

When MTI (Moving Target Indicators) and AMTI (Adaptive MTI) are used in the pulse radar for searching, the staggered trigger scheme that transmits pulses at nonequal intervals in order to reduce the blind speed region is often used. As a clutter suppression process when the staggered trigger scheme is used, a method using the time variable coefficient filter is commonly chosen. However, in this method, a higher‐order time‐varying filter is needed in order to suppress several different clutters received at the same time. As a result, the computational effort to derive the filter coefficients for the desired characteristics increases, making real‐time processing difficult. As a solution to this problem, this paper proposes a method of realizing a clutter suppression filter by means of a cascade connection of several low‐order time‐varying filters with their zero frequencies adjusted by zero frequency offset. First, the frequency characteristics of this filter are analyzed. It is made clear that the zero multiplicity cannot be obtained, so that the clutter suppression performance is degraded in the case of a configuration consisting of a cascade connection of several time‐varying filters with the same zero frequencies. The effectiveness of zero frequency offset is presented. Next, it is shown by computer simulation that a time‐varying AMTI that provides the desired clutter suppression performance can be realized by means of the proposed method, while the computation effort can be reduced. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(9): 75–86, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10153
Position estimation of three‐dimensional radars with bias errors
Authors: Okada Takamitsu , Okamura Atsushi , Kosuge Yoshio
Published: April 2004

In a multiple target tracking system combining several radars, the errors in the radar observation coordinates and in the radar position due to alignment of each radar significantly affect the tracking performance. In this paper it is assumed that the former error is negligible. The difference in the position of an aircraft observed simultaneously by the radars in question is linearly approximated. A method is proposed to estimate the bias error of the relative position in several three‐dimensional radars by means of a Kalman filter. When several radars are positioned far away, the reference direction and the absolute horizontal plane of the coordinate axis in reference to each radar are inclined due to the curvature of the earth, so that the bias error estimation accuracy is degraded. The slope of the coordinate axis due to the curvature of the earth is specifically corrected for estimation of the bias error of the relative radar position. Also, by means of simulation, the method is compared with that in which the sea surface altitude of an aircraft is calculated from the observed values (range and elevation angle) and the effect of the inclination of the coordinated axis is corrected. It is shown that the estimation accuracy is improved by 3.7 m for a radar range of 10 km and 19.5 m for 30 km. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(9): 64–74, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10159
Modeling and simulation of unintended electromagnetic emission from digital circuits
Authors: Wada Osami
Published: April 2004

This paper presents a summary of a quantitative method for evaluating the EMI generation mechanism of a printed circuit board (PCB). First, mismatch of the degree of imbalance of transmission systems on a PCB is pointed out as a common‐mode generation mechanism of high‐speed signal systems. An EMI prediction method based on two‐dimensional analysis is presented along with its results. Next, with regard to the analysis of EMI generation by resonance of the power supply system in a multilayered PCB, a high‐speed simulation by an analytical method and its further extension are described. Finally, a linear macro model (LECCS model) for the device power supply proposed by the author for EMI analysis is presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(8): 38–46, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10189
Proposal of a route optimization method for a road‐to‐vehicle wireless system
Authors: Warabino Takayuki , Sugiyama Keizo , Shinonaga Hideyuki
Published: April 2004

The authors are making a study of a road‐to‐vehicle wireless system as a private‐operated wireless system for road control, using a 2.4‐GHz‐band wireless LAN. In the proposed system, access points (AP) are placed consecutively on the highway, and AP‐to‐vehicle communications and AP‐to‐AP forwarding transmission are performed by wireless LAN. It has the feature that a less expensive system can be constructed. The spanning‐tree protocol (STP) is applied to the bridge placed in each AP, which improves the reliability of the network. In STP, there occur sections in which the communications route is not optimal for vehicle‐to‐vehicle communications. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a route optimization method in which route notification messages are exchanged between adjacent bridges and the communications route distance between vehicles is minimized. The performance is evaluated by using a bridge implementing the proposed method and a wireless LAN, and it is verified that communications performance measures such as the delay time and throughput are improved compared to the conventional STP. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(9): 36–44, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10200
Plate‐loaded folded monopole antenna on a ground‐plane edge
Authors: Kuga Nobuhiro , Matsushima Hidenao , Goto Naohisa
Published: April 2004

A folded monopole antenna loaded with a rectangular plate placed at the edge of the ground plane is proposed and its characteristics are evaluated by numerical analysis with the FDTD method and by experiments. This antenna is characterized by a structure in which one of the two conductors forming a folded monopole element is a rectangular plate. The structure is suitable for surface mounting on a printed circuit board. In this paper, mainly for an antenna using a dielectric chip with a permittivity of 2.6, the configurations of the feed line and the short‐circuited line and the shape of the loading conductor plate affecting the antenna characteristics are investigated. It is made clear that the element height and the shape of the loading plate along the longer side mainly contribute to the determination of the resonant frequency. The changes in the characteristics due to the finite size of the ground plane are studied both from the input characteristics and from the radiation characteristics. It is shown that the present antenna has radiation characteristics essentially identical to those of the monopole antenna and that the disturbance in the radiation patterns is caused by the fact that the length of one side of the ground plane is close to resonance. Also, the characteristics of the antenna with a helical loading plate and the effect of the permittivity of the core materials used for size reduction of the antenna are evaluated. It is shown that an antenna with the electrical dimensions of the element reduced to one‐half can be realized by a combination of the helical loading plate and a material with a permittivity of 10.2. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(8): 24–37, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10214
MMSE adaptive array suppressing only multipath waves with delay times beyond the guard interval for fixed reception in OFDM systems
Authors: Hori Satoshi , Kikuma Nobuyoshi , Inagaki Naoki
Published: April 2004

It is known that OFDM transmission systems give better performance than single‐carrier systems in a multipath environment. However, the communication quality degrades rapidly when the delayed wave arrives beyond the guard interval. In order to solve this problem, various systems that try to suppress the undesired wave by using an adaptive array have been proposed. This paper considers fixed reception and investigates an MMSE adaptive array for OFDM that does not suppress waves arriving within the guard interval, only waves arriving beyond the guard interval. More precisely, the SMI optimization method is proposed in which a window function is used to extract only the wave components beyond the guard interval. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, an evaluation is made by computer simulation. It is shown that the system operates well as an MMSE adaptive array in a fixed reception environment, exhibiting high suppression power for delayed waves beyond the guard interval. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(9): 1–8, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10221