bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Сургуулийн өмнөх болон ерөнхий боловсролын сургалтын байгууллагын удирдах ажилтны чиг үүргийг тодорхойлох судалгааны үр дүнгээс
Authors: Ухнаа Туяа , Батжав Баярцэцэг , Ганбаатар Халиун , Халтар Энхжаргал
Published: October 2024

The research was carried out at the document level or qualitative analysis to define the roles of administrators of pre-school and general education organizations.
Opinions of pre-schools and school administrators were collected about the roles and activities defined by the administrator on Google Forms, applying the Likert scale questions, which is the equal interval response scale. After consolidating the data descriptive and correlation analysis have been conducted using SPSS27 and excel programs.
82.9 percent of total general education school directors and 89.2 percent of kindergarten principals participated in the survey, which is considered representative of the original sampling population.
Based on the research results, the roles of state-owned kindergarten and general education school administrators (principals and directors) were identified as main and general roles. See the roles below,
Main roles
Role 1.                   Management instructional activities in schools and kindergartens: Implement curriculum and extracurricular activities, develop, and implement additional programs.
Role 2.                   Human resource management: recruit and dismiss of teachers and staff, support their development, accommodate stable working conditions, and support for solving their social challenges.
Role 3.                   Student development and protection: provide opportunities for learning and development, ensuring their health and safety.
Role 4.                   Assessment and monitoring: organize monitoring and assessment, and taking measures based on its results.
Role 5.                   Financial management: allocate funds and budgets efficiently, spend, submit reporting, and declare transparently.
General roles
Role 6.                   Leadership: Take lead in any organizational activity, create a positive atmosphere and culture, and nurture effective communication
Role 7.                   Cooperation and partnership: cooperate with stakeholders of the school, nurture and support diverse cooperations.
Role 8.                   Digital transformation in education:   General roles include leadership, implementation of cooperation and partnership, and taking leads in organizing digital transformation in education. Also, in accordance with the digital transformation policy in development and education sector of Mongolia, the role of leading and organizing the digital transformation is included in General Roles.
Шинжлэх ухааны салбаруудын ангиллын шинэ үзэл баримтлал
Authors: Намчин Дайвий-Од
Published: October 2024

It’s become necessary to consider the general classifications of the scientific field in order to organize fundamental issues such as educational contents, methodology and evaluation. When it comes to the new concept of classification of the branches of the sciences, there are two main groups: formal sciences and empirical sciences. This does not clash with the traditional classifications of both Herbert Spencer nor Charles Sanders Pierce. It can be seen through studies that this is the most suitable classification when it comes to the basics of philosophy of sciences. Mathematics and all branches of computer sciences falls under formal sciences while other sciences fall under empirical sciences.
From a perspective of metaphysical view on the existence of all beings, formal sciences study an abstract concept system, while empirical sciences study a concrete concept system. From a perspective of epistemology, formal sciences are based on mental learning and empirical sciences are based on sensory learning. From a perspective of logic, formal sciences do analytic procedure and concludes a deduction while empirical sciences do synthetic procedure and concludes induction. From a perspective of the theory of knowledge, the outcome of formal sciences creates a priori knowledge while the outcome of empirical sciences creates a posteriori knowledge.
High waterhole visitation rate by a breeding female snow leopard in summer
Authors: Lkhagvajav Purevjav , Alexander Justine Shanti , Byambasuren Choidogjamts , Johansson Örjan , Sharma Koustubh , Mishra Charudutt , Samelius Gustaf
Published: October 2024

Water is a limiting resource in arid environments where space use of animals is often driven by access to water during the dry times of the year. Here we report on a breeding female snow leopard visiting a waterhole 37 times in June and July in 2015. These observations show that space use of snow leopards can be driven strongly by access to water during certain times of the year such as when lactating and the need for water is increased. Strong dependence on water during certain times of the year suggest that climate change and high human pressure on limited water sources may have negative impact on snow leopards and other wildlife in the mountains of High Asia.
KHẢO SÁT GIÁ TRỊ CỦA CHỤP CẮT LỚP VI TÍNH ĐA DÃY ĐẦU THU TRONG ĐÁNH GIÁ ĐẶC ĐIỂM MẠCH MÁU THẬN TRÊN NGƯỜI HIẾN THẬN SỐNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG HUẾ
Authors: Ngô Minh Trí , Trương Thị Tố Trinh , Hoàng Minh Lợi , Phạm Ngọc Hùng
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm mạch máu thận và giá trị của cắt lớp vi tính (CLVT) đa dãy đầu thu trong đánh giá mạch thận ở bệnh nhân hiến thận sống tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang trên 122 người hiến thận sống được chụp CLVT đa dãy đầu thu và phẫu thuật (PT) lấy thận ghép tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Huế từ tháng 02/2023 - 6/2024. Đối chiếu hình ảnh CLVT với PT. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ 1 động mạch (ĐM), 2 ĐM, 3 ĐM lần lượt là 77,87%, 19,67%, 2,46%. Tỷ lệ 1 tĩnh mạch (TM), 2 TM, 3 TM lần lượt là 87,30%, 11,86%, 0,82%. ĐM thận phụ và ĐM thận phân nhánh sớm sẽ có tỷ lệ lần lượt là 22,13% và 32,79%. Biến thể giải phẫu bên phải gặp nhiều hơn bên trái. Biến thể giải phẫu phổ biến nhất bên phải là nhiều TM. Độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu trong phát hiện ĐM lần lượt là 93 - 100% và 96 - 100%; TM lần lượt là 83 - 100% và 92 - 100%. Kết luận: CLVT đa dãy đầu thu vẫn là phương pháp ưu việt trong đánh giá số lượng mạch máu với độ nhạy từ 83 - 100%, độ đặc hiệu từ 92 - 100%, cũng như biến thể giải phẫu trước mổ để đảm bảo ghép thận an toàn và thành công.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ GHÉP THẬN TỪ NGƯỜI HIẾN THẬN SỐNG TRONG NĂM ĐẦU SAU GHÉP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN CHỢ RẪY
Authors: Trương Hồ Trọng Tấn , Hoàng Khắc Chuẩn , Thái Kinh Luân , Vũ Đức Huy , Nguyễn Duy Điền , Nguyễn Trọng Hiền , Quách Đô La , Lê Hữu Thuận , Đinh Lê Quý Văn , Phạm Đình Thi Phong , Bùi Đức Cẩm Hồng , Nguyễn Thị Băng Châu , Mai Thị Đức Hạnh , Thái Minh Sâm
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá diễn tiến chức năng thận ở giai đoạn sớm sau ghép và xác định tỷ lệ các biến chứng xảy ra sau ghép thận từ người hiến sống tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu, mô tả trên 608 trường hợp (TH) được ghép thận từ người hiến sống tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy từ ngày 01/01/2016 - 31/12/2022. Các biến số được ghi nhận gồm đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng của người hiến, người nhận thận, chức năng thận và biến chứng sau ghép. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu trên 608 TH cho thấy chức năng thận sau ghép có hiện tượng giảm trong 3 tháng đầu, sau đó tăng dần có ý nghĩa ở thời điểm 12 tháng. Các biến chứng sau ghép xảy ra nhiều trong 3 tháng đầu. Thải ghép chiếm 5,76%, chủ yếu trong 3 tháng đầu. Biến chứng nhiễm khuẩn đường tiết niệu và viêm phổi là thường gặp nhất, với tỷ lệ lần lượt là 7,4% và 8,06%. Không có TH nào trì hoãn chức năng thận ghép. Sau ghép 1 năm, sống còn của bệnh nhân (BN) và thận ghép lần lượt là 99,2% và 98,6%. Kết luận: Kết quả ghép thận trong năm đầu tại Bệnh viện Chợ Rẫy khá khả quan với chức năng thận sau ghép diễn tiến thuận lợi, sống còn của BN và thận ghép cao.
NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ ĐẶC ĐIỂM NHIỄM BK VIRUS Ở BỆNH NHÂN SAU GHÉP THẬN
Authors: Trương Quý Kiên , Ngô Quân Vũ , Tống Thị Thu Hằng , Nguyễn Xuân Anh , Nguyễn Văn Tuấn , Trần Hồng Xinh , Phạm Quốc Toản , Lê Việt Thắng
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát đặc điểm nhiễm BK virus (BKV) và tìm mối liên quan với đặc điểm lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng ở bệnh nhân (BN) sau ghép thận. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang kết hợp hồi cứu, tiến cứu trên 360 BN sau ghép thận được đo tải lượng BKV trong máu, nước tiểu bằng kỹ thuật Realtime-PCR và thực hiện sinh thiết thận ghép theo chỉ định từ tháng 10/2020 - 3/2024. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ BN có BKV dương tính (+) là 56,7%; 3,1% BN có bệnh thận do BKV (The BK virus nephropathy - BKVN). Tải lượng BKV trong máu liên quan có ý nghĩa với tải lượng BKV trong nước tiểu, với r = 0,524, p < 0,001. Ở nhóm BN nhiễm BKV có mức lọc cầu thận (MLCT) ước tính trung bình và lượng hemoglobin thấp hơn nhóm không nhiễm. BKVN gặp nhiều hơn ở nhóm sử dụng Tacrolimus, có MLCT trung bình, lượng hemoglobin thấp hơn, thời gian sau ghép thận dài hơn. Tải lượng BKV trong máu và nước tiểu tương quan chưa có ý nghĩa với MLCT lần lượt là r = -0,263 và r = -0,147, p < 0,05. Kết luận: Tỷ lệ nhiễm BKV ở BN sau ghép thận là tương đối cao. BKVN có xu hướng gặp nhiều hơn ở BN có thời gian sau ghép dài hơn và sử dụng Tacrolimus.
Standardization of Protocol for Production of Synthetic Seed of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) and Assessment of their Longevity under Differential Storage Condition
Authors: DVV Venkata Pavan Kumar , Biswas Nipa , Nayak Jeeban Kumar , Roy Bidhan
Published: October 2024

Brahmi [Bacopa monnieri (L) Pennel] is an important medicinal small succulent, medicinal herb belongs to the family ‘Scrophulariaceae’ which is commonly known as Jala Brahmi or Nira-Brahmi. National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), estimated an annual demand of Bacopa in 2004-2005 was 6621.8 tonnes, with a 7% annual growth rate. Micropropagation techniques and production of synthetic seeds can be a breakthrough to overcome the low availability of Brahmi propagating materials. So, the present study was conducted to standardize the protocol for preparation of synthetic seeds of Brahmi using nodal segment. The experiment was conducted with five treatments by using combinations of different concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride and preparing two types of synthetic seeds (single layer and double layer). Further the longevity of both single layer and double layered synthetic seeds was studied under two different storage temperatures at 25°C (ambient condition) and 4°C (refrigerator) up to 40 days by inoculating them in two different types of media. The result showed no significant effect of concentrations of gelling agent and complexing agent on the germination percentage of synthetic seeds. The number of shoots per synthetic seed varied from 22.00 to 29.35 with 100% germination and maximum shoots/synthetic seed and shoot length was obtained by using T5 (single layered with MS media, 3% sodium alginate and 2.5% calcium chloride). Maximum number of days of storage can be observed in the single layer synthetic seeds when stored at 4°C along with media followed by double layer synthetic seeds when stored at 4°C along with media. However, seeds stored on vermiculite got dried up in the initial days of storage. Germination was found to be higher in seeds stored at 4°C when compared to seeds stored at 25°C. The study as a whole elucidated the opportunity for the use of synthetic seed as an alternative to traditional propagation system for Brahmi.
Harnessing Intellectual Property Rights for Endangered Species Conservation: Balancing Innovation with Biodiversity Protection
Authors: Chakraborty Sagnik , Saha Pratyayee
Published: October 2024

Protection of endangered species has now become an essential priority worldwide due to alarming rates of biodiversity destruction, largely because of habitat destruction, climate variation, pollution, and over-exploitation. Conventional conservation methods include protective legislation, habitat preservation, and international agreements. However, Intellectual Property Rights, hereinafter referred to as IPR, has emerged over the past few decades as an increasingly powerful yet complex tool for nature conservation. IPR can take the form of legal protections through the use of patents, trademarks, copyrights, and geographical indications that provide an incentive for the innovation and development of technologies that directly or indirectly assist in species conservation. Examples include Patents on the utilization of biotechnological innovations, such as genetically modified organisms engineered to increase the survival of threatened species, cloning, and cryopreservation techniques to preserve genetic material; and Trademarks to promote wildlife-friendly products.
While IPR has great potential to boost the course of conservation, it is by no means devoid of challenges. Some of the major issues include ethical issues regarding the commodification of varieties of life, rights to genetic resources, and benefits sharing with Indigenous communities and countries rich in biodiversity. It, therefore, requires a careful balance between the drive for innovation and the imperative to protect biodiversity, and international frameworks navigate the complexities arising-in particular, the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. This paper discusses the intersection of IPR and conservation through an analysis of legal regimes governing the area, benefits, and challenges associated with IPR in conservation, and ethical debates shaping its application. The paper points out, through case studies and legal precedents, how IPR can be made to align with the bigger conservation goals so that protection accorded to endangered species is sustainable and yet encourages innovation.
Findings highlight that although IPR may act as a catalyst for technological advances supportive of conservation, it needs to be implemented with clear guidelines, ethical oversight, and strong international collaboration in order not to produce unintended consequences. The needed directions include the strengthening of regulatory frameworks, raising awareness, and equitable benefit-sharing to balance IPR with conservation goals. If managed judiciously, the ultimate synergy between IPR and conservation strategies promises to unleash innovations that could go a long way toward protecting and preserving the most threatened species of the world.
Effects of Arnebia benthamii Extract on Growth Performance, Immunological Parameters and Disease Resistance against Flexibacter columnare in Spotted Snakehead Channa punctata (Bloch)
Authors: Dhote Jayashree D. , Lone Aqib , Danish Syed , Ahmad Irfan , Qureshi Syed Obaid
Published: October 2024

Herbal immunostimulants are known to improve disease resistance in fish by enhancing specific and non-specific defensive mechanisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Arnebia benthamii extract (AE) on growth rate, immune status, and disease resistance towards Flexibacter columnare in spotted snakehead Channa punctata. Each experimental group of healthy C. punctata was fed on one of the four experimental diets viz. basal diet (without any AE supplementation), AE10 (supplemented with 10 mg AE/kg basal diet), AE20 (supplemented with 20 mg AE/kg basal diet) and AE40 (supplemented with 40 mg AE/kg basal diet) for 42 days. When the concentration of Arnebia benthamii was raised from 0 to 40 mg/kg, the weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were considerably enhanced. The lysozyme activity, C3, C4, and serum globulin levels were also significantly increased in all Arnebia benthamii supplemented groups. IgM concentration in fish fed on AE40 diet was significantly higher than in fish fed on basal diet. All A. benthamii treatment groups exhibited significantly higher survival rates after being challenged with F. columnare. These findings showed that supplementing diet of C. punctata with A. benthamii improved growth, immunological response, and disease resistance against F. columnare, with the greatest benefits in fish fed on AE40 diet for 42 days.
Analyses of Pre-Service Teachers’ Errors in Solving Algebraic Tasks in Ghana.
Authors: Oppong Richard Asumadu , Adjei Emmanuel Antwi , Amoah Emmanuel Kojo , Okuleteh Enock , Larri Baba
Published: October 2024

This study analyzed prospective basic education teachers’ errors in solving algebraic tasks using Newman’s Error Analysis (NEA). The study employed an interpretivist philosophical paradigm with a qualitative case study design. Data were collected from 250 prospective mathematics teachers randomly selected from four colleges of education in the eastern region of Ghana using super item tests and unstructured interview protocols. Thematic analysis was employed to analyze the qualitative data. The study findings revealed that transformation and encoding errors among prospective mathematics teachers are the most prevalent errors. Other error types encountered included comprehension errors and process skills errors. In order to reduce aspiring mathematics teachers’ errors, the study emphasizes the necessity of focused interventions and professional development programs to address transformation and comprehension errors in algebraic concepts.
Variability and relationships between the size, composition and optical properties of suspended particulate matter in the coastal waters of western Spitsbergen, assessed through measurements of size-fractionated seawater samples
Authors:   INSTYTUT OCEANOLOGII PAN, Woźniak Sławomir , Litwicka Dagmara , Stoń-Egiert Joanna
Published: October 2024

Measurements of inherent optical properties (IOPs) and characteristics of concentration and composition of suspended particles were made on original and size-fractionated surface water samples from Arctic fjords and coastal waters of western Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago, in the summer months of 2021 and 2022. Optical measurements included the spectral scattering coefficient of particles, and spectral absorption coefficients of particles as well as depigmented (non-algal) particles and phytoplankton. Assemblages of suspended particles were characterised by measuring the mass concentrations of suspended particulate matter (SPM), particulate organic matter (POM), particulate inorganic matter (PIM), and phytoplankton pigments including chlorophyll a (Chla). All measurements were performed on original (unfiltered) seawater and on size-fractionated samples obtained by filtration using a combination of nylon meshes and membrane filters. This allowed us to determine the contribution of the fractions of very small (VS), small (S) and combined medium and large particles (ML) to the total SPM and Chla, as well as to the total scattering and absorption coefficients. The obtained results: (i) indirectly indicate a clear variability in particle size distributions occurring in the studied marine environment (e.g., the contribution of ML size fraction to SPM (the ratio SPMML/SPM) varied between 0.10 and 0.52); (ii) indicate noticeable differences in composition between size fractions (e.g., the POM/SPM ratio was on average 0.21 for the S fraction, and 0.34 and 0.32 for the VS and ML fractions, respectively); (iii) in most cases indicate that the fraction S had the largest contribution to all analysed spectral optical coefficients, followed by the VS and ML fractions (the average contributions of the S fraction to scattering coefficient of particles and absorption coefficient of particles or depigmented (non-algal) particles were above 0.6 in the entire analysed spectral ranges); (iv) allowed for the identification of statistical relationships between selected characteristics describing changes in particle size and variability of particle IOPs (e.g., we observed statistical relations between SPMML/SPM and the spectral slope of scattering coefficient by particles, as well as SPM-specific coefficients of scattering by particles).
Who Benefits Most from Microfinance in Bangladesh?
Authors: KHANDKER SHAHIDUR R. , KHALILY M. A. BAQUI , SAMAD HUSSAIN A.
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the heterogeneous impacts of microfinance intervention in rural Bangladesh using a long panel survey data expanding from 1991/92 to 2010/11. Heterogeneity in programme effects may arise due to household (such as landholding, head’s education, employment or skills in oral math) and community (electrification and accessibility) characteristics. Benefits do vary by such characteristics. For example, large and medium holders benefit more than marginal or small holders from microfinance in non-land asset, net worth and labour supply. Beneficiary households whose heads completed primary education experience higher gains in non-land asset and net worth than those whose heads did not complete primary education. Also, having adults with competency in oral math (supposedly helpful in augmenting in entrepreneurial skills) helps the households benefit more. Beneficiaries in villages with electricity and better road access benefit more than those in villages lacking electricity or access. Quantile regression estimates show that, with the exception of the effects of male borrowing, lower income households benefit more than higher income ones. Finally, this paper shows that households with older heads or more adult males are likely to drop out from microfinance, so are those with adults with less competency in oral math. However, programme dropouts are not large enough to affect the overall benefits of microfinance.
CRITICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUCCESS OF SHARI‘AH GOVERNANCE: INSIGHTS FROM ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: OMER FARUK TEKDOGAN  , ALI CAN YENICE  , HUSEYIN BURGAZOGLU
Published: October 2024

This study examines the critical role of Shariah governance, particularly the impact of Shariah supervisory boards (SBBs) within the corporate governance framework of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs). SSBs, as critical components of Shariah governance mechanisms, significantly influence Shariah compliance processes within IFIs. This study explores the unique systemic risks inherent in the Islamic financial environment, focusing on the complexities and elements defining SSB legitimacy. The IFSB recommends four essential components for Shariah governance systems, emphasizing the importance of SSBs. However, SSBs face challenges balancing SharÊ‘ah adherence and market dynamics, highlighting a conflict between business objectives and Shariah rules. This study acknowledges the limited strength of Shariah governance, advocating for universally adopted standards to address issues such as conflicts of interest within SSBs and the need for diversified skill sets. This paper assesses the effectiveness of Shariah governance and SSBs in IFIs. For this purpose, a survey was conducted among middle and senior-level managers and employees employed in IFIs or associated regulatory entities across diverse nations. The results highlight the critical role of SSB members, specific standards for board nominations, and the moderate influence of stakeholders' interests on Shariah governance success. Shareholders’ and customers’ interests show no significant correlation with Shariah governance success.
Epilogue
Authors: Dowd Anne S.
Published: October 2024

Reflecting on the efforts of colleagues in the chapters of this book, the author suggests that Maya analogies of the human body, with its twenty digits, reach out to the landscape and sky to materialize time, embracing them and the cosmos in completion of that expression of being. Maya positioned time calculation in space, the simple sticks and stones of their numeracy, and in so doing extended their mathematics to include zero, nothingness and completeness. This transcendent declaration of intellectual imagination anchoring time keeping, the willed and rational connection of the human experience with all other moving, changing, patterned expressions of time in the cosmos, is the space in which she contemplates the themes of this book. Out of nothing into completion the ancient Maya materialized time, through birth, death, rebirth of all things, through counted and countless generations.
Afterword
Authors: Bertrand Michael T.
Published: October 2024

The afterword considers the contemporary observations of two individuals, liberal New York Post editor James Weschler and activist/historian Howard Zinn. In 1956 Weschler, speaking to the assault of Cole, wondered about bystanders, the bulk of concert goers who did not participate in violence against a Black singer but who also failed to come to the battered entertainer’s defense. Zinn in 1962 noted that the white South could have prevented the civil rights movement if the majority of inhabitants simply had cared enough to do so. They did not; they had different priorities, separating them from previous southern generations. The book concludes with the thought that examining the societal role of popular music promises to reveal at least one thing rarely ascribed to the modern South: It’s complicated.
Waka’ on the International Stage
Authors: Kelly Mary Kate , Freidel David , Navarro-Farr Olivia C.
Published: October 2024

This chapter presents the latest epigraphic discoveries from the site of El Perú-Waka’. These are placed within the context of the Mayan epigraphy of Waka’, its long procession of kings and queens and, in turn, their connections to the great powers of the Classic Maya history. They are also placed in the context of Classic civilization itself, the epigraphy connecting the rulers of Waka’ with Teotihuacan in the Early Classic and with Tikal and Calakmul in the Late Classic. The decipherment of these Maya monuments, especially with recently discovered Stelae 43, 44, and 51, enriches our perspectives of the geopolitical position of this Classic Maya city. This chapter illuminates the monuments’ relationships with the individuals of these great states, including Sihyaj K’ahk and the apparent visit to Waka’ of the mysterious figure of Spearthrower Owl. The newly discovered monuments from the archaeology of Waka’ clearly show the celebration of the ties between the famous figures of Classic politics and the City of the Centipede itself.
Islands of Resilience
Authors: Erlandson Jon M. , Fitzpatrick Scott M. , Gill Kristina M.
Published: October 2024

We discuss the deep history of human societies in island settings, the effects island peoples had in altering the insular landscapes and ecosystems they have inhabited for centuries or millennia, and how archaeology can contribute to our understanding of long-term human resilience and sustainability on islands around the world. Among the paradigmatic approaches we discuss are resilience theory, historical ecology, niche construction theory, and human behavioral ecology, all of which provide archaeologists and their colleagues powerful tools to examine dynamic interactions between humans and island environments through time. Critical to the future success of such studies are multidisciplinary approaches and the sophisticated scientific tools now available. Studying human impacts on island ecosystems continues to be important, but focusing on human success (persistence, resilience, and sustainability) rather than failure (impacts, collapse) offers more to modern island societies, including the Indigenous communities island archaeologists often work with.
The Historical Ecology of Native American Sustainability on the Georgia Coast
Authors: Cochran Lindsey E. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: October 2024

To examine how humans sustained themselves on the coastal islands of Georgia, USA, we must first know exactly where and when those occupations occurred. This chapter presents aggregate data from the Georgia State Site Files to map which environmental attributes were most valuable to coastal populations over time. These data are used to estimate the location of archaeological sites that may be present in under-surveyed areas, including the approximately 1400 small back-barrier marsh islands of the coast. Fundamental questions are reviewed about life of the islands and coastline: 1) did people use the same ecological resources on the Georgia Coast since its initial habitation; 2) did past people settle in the same areas or target different landscapes; and 3) how are people using the landscape now that impacts the sustainability of past landscapes in the future? Finally, we discuss the influence of thousands of years of landscape alterations in the face of modern climatic change where past human-engineered landscapes are affecting the sustainability and resilience of barrier island ecology and marsh island ecology.
Oranges and Rockets
Authors: Kirschenmann Rachael
Published: October 2024

The Kennedy Space Center on Cape Canaveral holds a unique place in American memory as a pillar of technology amid a landscape of lagoons, mosquitos, and alligators. The space center, however, was not constructed out of wilderness. Prior to NASA’s arrival in the 1960s, North Merritt Island was home to residents who fished on the creek adjacent to the Vehicle Assembly Building, attended school on land that is now a wildlife refuge, and picked oranges where the Visitor Complex now stands. This chapter focuses on the citrus workers displaced by eminent domain and urban expansion in Brevard County, which made room for the space center and its technical workforce. When examined alongside each other, agricultural technology and the technology of the Apollo Program illustrate the contrast between the long history of adaptation with the immediacy of innovation.
Satire as the Voice of Resistance in Guillermo Aquino’s El Sketch
Authors: Centeno-Pulido Alberto
Published: October 2024

German philosopher Byung-Chul Han asserts that individuals in our society are driven by a demand to not fail and persevere, becoming self-exploited laborers who are unaware of their condition and instead present themselves as “achievement-subjects” who lead positive and happy lives and, at the same time, experience burnout and other psychological problems. Individuals are told that they are free, but the freedom that they have is not real. This chapter explores how Argentinian actor Guillermo Aquino uses humor as a defense mechanism against this freedom, the ultimate objective of which is to turn individuals into “projects” of self-exploitation.
Die biodynamische Bewegung und Demeter in der NS-Zeit
Authors: Ebert Jens , zur Nieden Susanne , Pieschel Meggi
Published: October 2024

Der Schriftsteller, Reformpädagoge und Begründer der Anthroposophie Rudolf Steiner entwickelte vor 100 Jahren die Grundlagen der biodynamischen Wirtschaftsweise. Sie etablierte sich in Deutschland als Demeter-Bewegung und faszinierte viele Zeitgenossen, gab aber auch immer Anlass für heftige Gegnerschaft. Unter der NS-Diktatur konnte die Bewegung in einem widersprüchlichen Prozess zunächst expandieren, bis sie im Sommer 1941 bei einer Gestapo-Aktion aufgelöst wurde. Die wechselvolle Geschichte von den Anfängen bis in die frühe Nachkriegszeit wird in diesem Band auf breiter Quellenbasis dargestellt.
„Golden flackert die Flamme!“
Authors: Böhles Marcel
Published: October 2024

Im Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold – einem republiktreuen „Schutzbund“ in der Weimarer Republik – sammelten sich Menschen, denen es um die Verteidigung der ersten deutschen Demokratie ging. Sie kamen aus der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands, aus der katholischen Zentrumspartei und aus der liberalen Deutschen Demokratischen Partei. Die überparteiliche „Republikschutzorganisation“ fasste bald nach ihrer Gründung Anfang 1924 auch im Südwesten Deutschlands Fuß – in den damaligen Ländern Baden und Württemberg. Der Autor untersucht Wirken und Scheitern des Reichsbanners in den einstigen Kerngebieten der deutschen Demokratiebewegung. Neben der klassischen Organisationsgeschichte stehen die Symbolpolitik, das Verhältnis zu den drei Trägerparteien sowie Fragen von Legalität und Militanz im Mittelpunkt der Darstellung. Damit leistet die vorliegende Studie einen wichtigen Beitrag sowohl zur Demokratie- als auch Regionalgeschichte des Südwesten Deutschlands.
Der Fall Globke
Authors: Bästlein Klaus
Published: October 2024

Hans Globke kommentierte nicht nur die NS-Rassengesetze, sondern verfasste auch jene Verordnungen, die der Deportation der Juden den Weg bereiteten. Dennoch machte ihn Adenauer zum Chef des Bundeskanzleramts. Sein Name symbolisiert die Integration der NS-Eliten in die westdeutsche Gesellschaft. Sein Fall steht auch für das desaströse Scheitern der NS-Strafverfolgung in der Bundesrepublik. Globke wurde zum Ziel wütender Propaganda-Attacken des SED-Regimes. Das Oberste Gericht der DDR verurteilte ihn 1963 in Abwesenheit wegen Mittäterschaft am Judenmord zu lebenslangem Zuchthaus. Das bemerkenswerte Urteil ist aber kaum bekannt. Der Fall Globke führt zu den Mythen und Legenden der Nachkriegszeit. Er ist ein Lehrstück über Justiz und Propaganda in Ost und West.
A New Hope
Authors: Krämer Peter
Published: October 2024

George Lucas's earliest work was by and large rather experimental and pessimistic, exploring the means of filmic expression as well as highlighting the darker side of human existence and its future. And yet between 1970/71 and 1977 he developed, co-wrote, directed and completed, against enormous odds, two of the biggest hits in American film history up to the 1970s, both usually being perceived as conventional and upbeat entertainment. This essay outlines how, starting in 1970/71, Lucas developed what was to become American Graffiti (1973) and Star Wars (1977) initially in parallel, and highlights both continuities with, and departures from, his earlier work. The essay relates these two hugely successful projects to hit patterns in the United States, with a particular emphasis on how multiple crises in American society of the late 1960s and the 1970s were being dealt with in hit movies at that time (including both of Lucas's films).
Notes on the Lucas-Spielberg Syndrome
Authors: Kendrick Jim
Published: October 2024

Critic Robin Wood coined the term "The Lucas-Spielberg Syndrome." An inherently derisive term, Wood defined films "suffering" from this syndrome as those "catering to the desire for regression to infantilism, the doublethink phenomenon of pure fantasy." This chapter revisits the coining of the term and traces its influence in critical writing in subsequent years about both Lucas and Spielberg as a way of demonstrating how a specific rhetorical device, even when not explicitly used, can fundamentally shape critical reception of a particular artist (in this case, artists). In so doing, I will consider multiple perspectives on Lucas and Spielberg's body of work and the difficulty both filmmakers have had getting out from under the critical animus embodied in Wood's term, as well as how their films came to embody everything that was perceived as "wrong" in 1980s Hollywood cinema.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Units in an Academic Hospital Northern Iran
Authors: Habibi Mohammad Reza , Kanafi Vahed Leila , Rimaz Siamak , Shahnavazi Shaghayegh
Published: October 2024

Background: Identifying risk factors that predict mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) can lead to improved management of critically ill patients and help reduce mortality rates. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors that potentially contribute to predicting mortality in the ICU. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the general ICU of an academic hospital in northeastern Iran from April 2019 to March 2023. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved from medical records, including age, gender, marital status, residency, length of stay in the ICU, level of consciousness, duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), and co-morbidities. The outcomes were categorized as death or discharge. Results: Out of 8,650 admitted patients, 62.8% were discharged, and 37.2% died. The factors significantly associated with death included age (59.24 ± 21.9 years vs. 49.63 ± 23.32 years, P < 0.0001), female gender (42.7% vs. 57.3%, P < 0.0001), marital status (41.1% married vs. 58.9% unmarried, P < 0.0001), length of stay in the ICU (5.99 ± 9.09 days vs. 4.13 ± 6.55 days, P < 0.0001), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 3 - 5 (87.9% vs. 12.1%, P < 0.0001), duration of MV (4.86 ± 8.69 days vs. 1.09 ± 4.85 days, P < 0.0001), and co-morbidities (44.7% vs. 55.3%, P < 0.0001), which were confirmed by logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: The prevalence of death in the ICU was 37.2%. Age, co-morbidities, cerebral vascular accident (CVA), GCS, duration of MV, and marital status were significantly associated with mortality.
Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Beli Omset Penjualan Melalui Sertifikasi Halal Di Kecamatan Tirtoyudo
Authors: Sari Retno Gumila , Yuniarti Windi , Sinollah Sinollah
Published: October 2024

Indonesia's economic growth is significantly assisted by micro, small, and medium enterprises (UMKM). However, many UMKM in the Tirtoyudo sub-district area are not aware of the importance of product certification. To make business owners aware of the importance of product certification, extensive socialization is needed. As a country with a majority Muslim population, halal certification has a significant impact on consumer interest in a product. This is the motivation behind our devotional research, which aims to educate consumers on the importance of halal certification for food or cosmetics. In addition, so that business owners are aware and understand that managing halal certification is simple and only requires KUA to achieve sub-district level management. The product must be able to compete in the market and broaden its reach in order to generate more revenue.
Dataset on University Lecturers' Competence and Experiences with Online Learning Platforms in Rwanda
Authors:   University of Rwanda College of Education (URCE), PO BOX 55 Rwamagana, Rwanda, Ndayambaje Irenee , Nduwingoma Mathias , Yanzigiye Beatrice , Habimana Olivier , Ndihokubwayo Kizito ,   Parabolum Research & Development Consulting Limited, Kigali, Rwanda
Published: October 2024

This dataset captures the experiences and self-reported competencies of university lecturers in Rwanda concerning their use of online learning platforms and digital assessment tools. Collected in May 2024, the data reflects responses from lecturers across various academic ranks and years of teaching experience. The survey explores their familiarity and usage of platforms such as Moodle, Google Classroom, and various video conferencing tools, along with their confidence in utilizing digital tools for teaching and assessment. The data is valuable for understanding the challenges and training needs of lecturers in transitioning to online education, offering insights for policymakers, educators, and institutions looking to improve digital learning environments. Keywords: Online Learning, Lecturer Competence, Learning Management System (LMS), Higher Education, Digital Assessment, E-learning, Rwanda
Artificial intelligence: ethics, governance and regulation
Authors:   Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, Brione Patrick , Gajjar Devyani
Published: October 2024

AI poses significant challenges for regulators in a wide number of areas, with different countries taking divergent approaches. How should the UK regulate AI?
(Training to Prevent Sports Injuries to Ankles for Football Athletes)
Authors: Soemardiawan Soemardiawan , Yundarwati Susi
Published: October 2024

The problem is that the incidence of ankle injuries in soccer athletes at soccer clubs in West Nusa Tenggara dominates every year, and experiences a decline in performance due to ankle injuries. The aim of this service is to analyze ankle injuries in NTB football players by identifying injuries through the coaches, medical team who provide information to the physiotherapy team. The method used in this research design is observational with a case control design with a retrospective study with the aim of finding out training to prevent sports injuries to the ankle for football athletes. Research stages: Screening Questionnaire and Ankle examination form, Initial examination 1, Examination management 1 and Seminar workshop. Research Results Based on the results and discussion in this research, it can be concluded that: there is a very significant effect of sports injury prevention training on the ankle for football athletes after chronic ankle injury.
Counseling on the Ptsl (Complete Systematic Land Registration) Program in Central Kalijaga Village, Aikmel District, East Lombok Regency
Authors: Umami Allan Mustafa , Al Qindy Fatria Hikmatiar , Satriawan Hera Alvina , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin
Published: October 2024

The majority of the people of Central Kalijaga Village work in the agricultural sector, where each head of the family owns/or controls agricultural land with varying areas, ranging from 500 M2 to 2000 M2. Based on data, there are 590 community members with a total area of 117,400 M2 (11.74 Ha). The total area referred to has not yet been registered for rights. Meanwhile, there are only 367 community members who have registered land objects that they obtained by inheritance, gift, will and sale and purchase with a total area of 10,665 M2 (1.0665 Ha). Based on the data, the achievement of land rights registration carried out by members of the Central Kalijaga Village community on land rights objects under their control has only reached 10%. There are still 90% of land rights objects whose rights have not been registered. For this reason, in order to realize guaranteed certainty of land, rights owned by members of the community, including the status of the land, the basis for obtaining land rights, who has rights to the land and third parties who are burdened. In such a situation, public awareness and knowledge will increase about the importance of registering land rights through a complete systematic land registration program (PTSL. The formulation of the problem in this research is 1. How is the PTSL (Complete Systematic Land Registration) Program implemented in Kalijaga Tengah Village, Aikmel District, Regency East Lombok? The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of the PTSL (Complete Systematic Land Registration) Program in Central Kalijaga Village, Aikmel District, East Lombok Regency. This research method uses empirical legal research methods. One of the land registration processes in Indonesia is through the complete systematic land registration program (PTSL).
Assistance in Preparing Islamic Boarding School-Based Financial Reports Based on Psak No. 45 Parepare City Scope
Authors: Rismala Rismala , Purnamasari Rini
Published: October 2024

Islamic boarding schools have an important role in their development. not only in Parepare, but also throughout Indonesia and even in other Muslim countries. Islamic boarding schools are non-profit organizations because Islamic boarding schools are institutions that do not aim to make a profit for individuals or their managers. However, preparing Islamic boarding school financial reports is a form of managerial responsibility to interested parties, so the resulting reporting must be accountable and free from misstatement. The method used is a descriptive qualitative approach where we will hold meetings with Islamic boarding school foundation managers and will focus on financial reporting by providing assistance, discussions and questions and answers. The result of this service is that the financial reports of Islamic boarding schools in the Parepare City area have not fully adopted an accounting system that is in line with the Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines. Currently, the reports submitted are limited to cash inflows and outflows, so Islamic Boarding School Accounting Guidelines are needed to provide non-binding, but supportive, direction in preparing financial reports.
Building Solidarity And Tolerance: Conflict Mitigation Through Religious Moderation Villages Assisted by Stakpn-Sentani in Entrop-Jayapura Subdistrict
Authors: Kabanga Lewi , Malatuny Yakob Godlif , Syafaat Siahaan Daniel , N Pardomuan Gusti
Published: October 2024

Conflict based on religion arose from a multicultural society, often triggered by simple issues and escalated into larger conflicts under the guise of religion. The objective of this community service was to build solidarity and tolerance in the District Entrop community in Jayapura City through the Moderate Religious Village activity initiated by STAKPN-Sentani. The method applied in this service went through several stages such as observation and interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD) as the core activity, declaration of the moderate village, and preparation of reports. The results of this activity included the formation of an understanding of mitigating religious conflict based on religious texts, where this mitigation involved an understanding of excerpts from the scriptures of each religion. Additionally, the culmination of the activity was the establishment of a moderated religious village under the guidance of STAKPN-Sentani in the Entrop Sub-district. Mitigating religious conflict in the Entrop Sub-district was closely linked to discourse within religious scriptures and the involvement of higher religious education due to the framework of the community's conditions.
Education on Religious Moderation in Entrop-Jayapura Subdistrict through the Moderation Village Assisted by STAKPN-Sentani
Authors: Kabanga Lewi , Malatuny Yakob Godlif , Syafaat Siahaan Daniel , Pardomuan Gusti N , Labobar Yohanes K , M. Kopeuw Pilipus
Published: October 2024

Religious-based conflicts arise in diverse societies and tend to be triggered by simpler issues that expand into large-scale conflicts in the name of religion. The aim of this community service is to build solidarity and tolerance among the community as a form of anticipation against religiously nuanced conflicts in Entrop, Jayapura City. This community service is framed in the form of a religious moderation village initiated by STAKPN-Sentani. The method applied in this community service has gone through several stages, such as observation and interviews, FGD (focus group discussions) as the core activity, the declaration of the moderation village, and the preparation of reports. The outcomes achieved from this initiative include the development of an understanding of religious conflict mitigation based on religious teachings, where this mitigation involves comprehension of quotes from each religion's holy scriptures. Additionally, the culmination of this activity is the establishment of the religious moderation village guided by STAKPN-Sentani in Entrop. Religious conflict mitigation in Entrop is closely related to the discourse in holy scriptures and the involvement of religious higher education, due to the framework of the community's condition. It is hoped that through this initiative, a sense of tolerance among religious communities can be fostered to create an always conducive atmosphere.
Optimization of Early Childhood Motor Development (AUD) through Interactive Games at PAUD and Bethel Kindergarten Sentani
Authors: Tasijawa Riski , Ugadje Evelin F , Pattipeiluhu Krislina , Wangguway Yustinus , Kadio Yarsenita , Rorimpandey Enjeli , Suwarni Maria T
Published: October 2024

Community service activities conducted by the Department of Early Childhood Christian Education (PKAUD) at STAKPN Sentani aim to enhance early childhood motor skills at PAUD and TK Bethel Sentani through interactive games. These activities include coconut shell stilts (egrang batok kelapa), role-playing with the theme of "buyers and sellers," and alphabet arranging with the theme of "arranging one's own name." The implementation of these games is expected to improve both gross and fine motor skills in children, as well as their cognitive and social abilities. Observations indicate that coconut shell stilts help with body balance and coordination, while role-playing and alphabet arranging enhance creativity, communication, and early literacy skills. This program not only provides practical benefits to PAUD and TK Bethel Sentani but also enriches academic insights in early childhood education literature.