bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intimately mixed copper, cobalt, and iron fluorides resulting from the insertion of fluorine into a LDH template
Authors: Rouag Abderraouf , Porhiel Régis , Lemoine Kevin , Leroux Fabrice , Grenèche Jean-Marc , Delbègue Diane , Iojoiu Cristina , Guérin Katia
Published: April 2024

Cu3Fe1.5Al0.5F12(H2O)12 and CoFeF5-type phases from gaseous fluorination of LDH.
Lanthanide complexes with an azo-dye chromophore ligand: syntheses, crystal structures, and near-infrared luminescence by long-wavelength excitation
Authors: Chen Yun-Long , Feng Min , Zhu Xiaofei , Zheng Zhiping
Published: April 2024

Lanthanide complexes offer affordable synthesis and long-wavelength excited near-infrared emissions.
A truncated octahedron NaCe(MoO4)2 nanostructure: a potential material for blue emission and acetone sensing
Authors: Haldar Nibedita , Mondal Tanmoy , Das Tanushri , Sarkar Debabrata , Pal Mrinal , Seikh Asiful H. , Ghosh Chandan Kumar
Published: April 2024

Scheelite-type NaCe(MoO4)2, a promising nanostructure for optoelectronic applications, has been synthesized using a typical hydrothermal technique, and its structural and microstructural properties have been characterized using several microscopic and spectroscopic techniques.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives as multitarget anti-Alzheimer agents
Authors: Ayoup Mohammed Salah , Barakat Mohamed Reda , Abdel-Hamid Hamida , Emam Ehab , Al-Faiyz Yasair S. , Masoud Aliaa A. , Ghareeb Doaa A. , Sonousi Amr , Kassab Asmaa E.
Published: April 2024

A series of novel 1,2,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their potential anti-Alzheimer disease activity.
Organocatalytic formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition of o-quinone-methyl derivatives and 2-isocyanatomalonate diesters for the construction of chroman derivatives with adjacent quaternary chiral centers
Authors: Xiong Tong , Xu Yi-Zhao , Wang Yao , Xiao You-Cai , Chen Fen-Er
Published: April 2024

An asymmetric organocatalytic formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition/annulation cascade of ortho-quinone methides with 2-isocyanatomalonate diesters has been reported.
Correction: Lonicera japonica Thunb. as a promising antibacterial agent for Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 based on network pharmacology, metabolomics, and in vitro experiments
Authors: Xu Nan , Du Li-hua , Chen Yan-chao , Zhang Jin-hao , Zhu Qian-feng , Chen Rong , Peng Guo-ping , Wang Qi-ming , Yu Hua-zhong , Rao Li-qun
Published: April 2024

Correction for ‘Lonicera japonica Thunb. as a promising antibacterial agent for Bacillus cereus ATCC14579 based on network pharmacology, metabolomics, and in vitro experiments’ by Nan Xu et al., RSC Adv., 2023, 13, 15379–15390, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA00802A.
Comparing a covalently linked BODIPY–pyrene system versus the corresponding physical mixture as chromophores in luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Cordaro Massimiliano , Neri Giulia , Piperno Anna , Cancelliere Ambra M. , Santoro Antonio , Serroni Scolastica , Nastasi Francesco , Arrigo Antonino
Published: April 2024

Using antenna systems displaying energy transfer processes can be a valuable option to boost the performances of the luminescent solar concentrators. In this context, the selection of the appropriate energy donor plays a crucial role.
AMP-activated protein kinase can be allosterically activated by ADP but AMP remains the key activating ligand
Authors: Hawley Simon A. , Russell Fiona M. , Hardie D. Grahame
Published: April 2024

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status. When activated by increases in ADP:ATP and/or AMP:ATP ratios (signalling energy deficit), AMPK acts to restore energy balance. Binding of AMP to one or more of three CBS repeats (CBS1, CBS3, CBS4) on the AMPK-γ subunit activates the kinase complex by three complementary mechanisms: (i) promoting α-subunit Thr172 phosphorylation by the upstream kinase LKB1; (ii) protecting against Thr172 dephosphorylation; (iii) allosteric activation. Surprisingly, binding of ADP has been reported to mimic the first two effects, but not the third. We now show that at physiologically relevant concentrations of Mg.ATP2− (above those used in the standard assay) ADP binding does cause allosteric activation. However, ADP causes only a modest activation because (unlike AMP), at concentrations just above those where activation becomes evident, ADP starts to cause competitive inhibition at the catalytic site. Our results cast doubt on the physiological relevance of the effects of ADP and suggest that AMP is the primary activator in vivo. We have also made mutations to hydrophobic residues involved in binding adenine nucleotides at each of the three γ subunit CBS repeats of the human α2β2γ1 complex and examined their effects on regulation by AMP and ADP. Mutation of the CBS3 site has the largest effects on all three mechanisms of AMP activation, especially at lower ATP concentrations, while mutation of CBS4 reduces the sensitivity to AMP. All three sites appear to be required for allosteric activation by ADP.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Various Growing Media in Banana (Musa accuminata) Seed Germination
Authors: Vernando Vincent , Diva Ardani Rashinta , Sri Rahayu Resa , Fajar Hasrianda Erwin
Published: April 2024

Banana is a fruit plant with numerous benefits and is considered one of the significant agricultural commodities in the world and in Indonesia. Typically, banana propagation is carried out through vegetative means using offshoots. However, this method comes with certain limitations, including challenges in generating a large number of uniform seedlings and the risk of disease contamination. Propagating bananas through seeds could offer a potential solution to address these issues. Banana seeds play a critical role in the reproduction and formation of new plants. This research aims to assess the impact of various growing media and identify an effective and efficient method for banana seed germination. The selected growing media encompass rockwool, Charcoal Husk, sand, cocopeat, farmer’s planting media, a 1:1 mixture of Manure Compost and Soil, and Moss Sphagnum media, all on a greenhouse scale. The results indicate that Rockwool achieved the highest germination rate at 71.0%, followed by Moss Sphagnum media (66.33%), and cocopeat (64.67%). Conversely, sand, charcoal husk, farmer’s planting media, and manure compost + soil exhibited lower germination rates. Each of these media options, including compost + soil, has its unique advantages and drawbacks. Moss Sphagnum media, for instance, features numerous cavities that enable plant roots to grow freely and effectively absorb and retain water. This study offers valuable guidance to farmers in selecting appropriate growing media to enhance banana seed germination, potentially benefiting agricultural development.
The Comparison Of Bioactive Compounds Between Brewed and Extracted Robusta Coffee From West Lampung
Authors: Afiqa Khairani Iffa , Arliani Nur Anisa Hida , Siswitasari Mulyana Jeane , Nurma Riana Elisa
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is ranked fourth highest in coffee production in the world. One type of coffee export commodity, namely Robusta coffee, is produced from the West Lampung region. Robusta coffee contains various bioactive compounds that act as antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the differences between brewed and extracted robusta coffee related to the bioactive compounds. The method used in this study began with coffee sample preparation, followed by brewing and ethanolic extracting the robusta coffee, measurement of TPC (total phenolic content in gallic acid equivalent), TFC (total flavonoid content in quercetin equivalent), and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The results showed that the TPC values were 11.27 mgGAE/g for brewed coffee and 61.98 mgGAE/g for extracted coffee, while the TFC values for brewed coffee were 11.99 mgQE/g and extracted coffee were 18.40 mgQE/g. The highest antioxidant activity value was obtained from extracted robusta coffee with an IC50 89.43 ppm which classified as strong enough antioxidant, while the antioxidant activity of brewed coffee has an IC50 218.74 ppm which classified as moderate antioxidant. TPC and TFC in this study showed a direct proportional relationship with antioxidant activity. The samples with the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid also exhibited the highest antioxidant activity.
Shorebird Records from Pangpang Bay, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Mohammad Siddiq Arif , Wimbaningrum Retno , Sulistiyowati Hari , Setiawan Rendy , Dita Sari Anggita , Husna Siregar Nurul , As-singkily Maslim
Published: April 2024

Pangpang Bay is one of the essential ecosystem areas located in East Java and also it is part of the East Asia Australia Flyway (EAAF). This area is an important habitat as a stopover site for migratory shorebirds. However, heretofore scientific reports are still limited. Therefore, we conducted a shorebird survey in this area on October 1-2, 2022 using concentration count methods at three potential areas. A total of 610 individuals of shorebirds belong to 13 species from two families (Scolopacidae and Charadriidae). Among the observed shorebirds, Whimbrel had the highest number of individuals (n=426), followed by Eurasian Curlew (n=45), Common Sandpiper (n=43), Pacific Golden Plover (n=43), Bar-tailed Godwit (n=14), Common Redshank (n=9), Wood Sandpiper (n=7), Terek Sandpiper (n=5), Ruddy Turnstone (5), Grey Plover (n=3), Common Greenshank (n=3), Javan Plover (n=2), and Greater Sandplover (n=1), respectively. Twelve species are wintering migratory shorebirds and one species (Javan Plover) is a resident species (mostly in Java). Furthermore, shorebirds in Pangpang Bay occupied three habitat types, i.e. mudflat, mangrove forest, and fishpond bordering the mangrove forest. Based on these results, Pangpang Bay is an important habitat for several shorebirds indeed, especially migratory wintering as a stopover site during their migration.
The influence of bioinsecticides on the effectiveness of pest protection and productivity of tomatoes and sweet peppers in open ground in the Rostov region
Authors: Avdeenko Svetlana , Avdeenko Alexey
Published: April 2024

In open ground conditions of the Rostov region, on improved natural soils, the effect of bioinsecticides for protection against the main pests of tomato and sweet pepper was assessed. The issues of the influence of the use of bioinsecticides on the size of the early and total yield of nightshade crops are considered. It was found that 4-fold treatment with the bioinsecticides Matrin Bio and Probrand contributed to the maximum suppression of melon aphids, spider mites and cutworms, but only provided approximately 50% protection against whiteflies. In general, the use of bioinsecticides for protection against pests, especially such as Probrand and Matrine Bio, is an effective technique that helps increase the yield of the early and overall harvest, and given the absence of harm from bioinsecticides, it makes it possible to obtain high-quality products. When choosing a varietal composition, pay attention to the tomato hybrid Makhitos F1 and the Rozovyy flamingo variety, and the sweet pepper varieties Knyaz’ serebryanyy and Zolotoe Chudo, bred by the Rostov CC and having a high adaptation potential to the local conditions of the Azov zone.
Opportunities for greenhouse gases emissions reduction in the biodegradable industrial waste management processes
Authors: Tikhonova Irina , Grosheva Svetlana , Shlapak Sofya , Mikhailidi Dmitry , Bubnov Andrey
Published: April 2024

The article assesses opportunities for mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the waste treatment sector concerning biodegradable industrial waste. Authors describe GHG emissions sources and ways of their reduction, paying the specific attention to the stages of the life cycle, where, according to the official data, the most significant GHG flows are formed. Methods of systematization and statistical generalization are applied for analysis. The specified work is based on the data from various sources, including National Reference Documents on the Best Available Techniques, statistical and scientific publications. Russian Reference Documents are known in the Eurasian Economic Union and often discussed as a possible background for the future research in the field on Best Available Techniques and resource efficiency enhancement. The main GHG emission sources during the waste generation, neutralization, utilization, recycling and storage are roughly described. Authors suggest relevant approaches to GHG emissions reduction available from the economic and environmental points of view.
Vocal interaction between Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) and Ural Owl (Strix uralensis) in the Middle Volga
Authors: Andreychev Alexey
Published: April 2024

The work studied the co-vocalization of Tawny Owl and Ural Owl. Researched primarily using digital voice recorders. Co-vocalization was revealed only in spring. This is due to the breeding season of birds. The roll call of two species of owls was recorded 2 h 30 min after sunset. Co-vocalization was always observed from 21:00 to 22:00 hours. Duration of co-vocalization of the Tawny Owl and the Ural Owl ranged from several sec to 6 min. During periods of co-vocalization, the Tawny Owl managed to produce twice as many calls as the Ural Owl. The Tawny Owl was the first to start calling, and later the calls of the Ural Owl joined it. The Tawny Owl stopped vocalizing, and the Ural Owl continued to call after it. The calls of each of the two owl species in shared habitats were recorded primarily at different times. More often, the Tawny Owl began vocalization 30 min after the Ural Owl stopped calling. The natural and climatic conditions of the area in which co-vocalization was noted were studied. Co-vocalizations were observed in the temperature range from +3 to +7°C. Joint calls were recorded at wind strength from 4 to 7 m/s, at cloud cover from 40 to 90%, at pressure from 734 to 744 mm Hg.
Compacted crops of medicinal and essential oil crops
Authors: Yurkevich Maria , Popova Tatiana , Kholoptseva Ekaterina
Published: April 2024

The characteristics of the growth and development of medicinal and essential oil plants in mono and compacted crops in open ground were studied. Compacted cropping involves the joint cultivation of two (binary) or more crops in one field. Compared to monospecies crops, this method effectively solves the problems of increasing productivity and plant resistance to stress. Purpose of the work: to establish the allelopathic effect of medicinal and essential oil plants in dense sowing. The experimental methodology included the joint cultivation in open ground of medicinal main crops - spearmint (Menthaspicata L.), lemon balm (Melissaofficinalis L.), garden strawberry (Fragariachiloensis L.), and calendula officinalis (Calendulaofficinalis L.) were chosen as complementary crops.), dill (Anethumgraveolens L.). Compacted crops significantly reduce the intensity of transpiration and stomatal conductivity of the main crops. The intensity of photosynthesis largely depends on the species characteristics of the plants, so strawberry plants in binary crops increased photosynthetic activity, while mint and lemon balm on the contrary, they increased the intensity of photosynthesis during monospecies cultivation. According to the results of the studies, the inhibitory effect of calendula officinalis plants in binary crops with lemon balm, spearmint, and garden strawberries was established. At the same time, the use of dill in binary crops increases the yield of spearmint and lemon balm.
Level regime of the lake Bayn-Tsagan in the Holocene according to the results of palynological research (South-Eastern Transbaikalia)
Authors: Reshetova Svetlana , Matyugina Evgeniya
Published: April 2024

According to pollen of terrestrial vegetation and micro remains of algae in the bottom sediments of the Lake Bayn-Tsagan reconstructed the vegetation of southeastern Transbaikalia in the Late Holocene. The palynological record showed a change in the lake level against the background of the absence of a dramatic change in vegetation and significant climate changes. During the accumulation of a 30 cm layer of bottom sediments, a threefold shallowing of this reservoir was recorded. In dry years, the level of the first aquifer below the surface decreased, the lake became shallow, and the abundance of higher macrophyte vegetation was overgrown with Staurastrum algae. In wet years, when the groundwater level rose, significant watering occurred. Due to increased surface runoff, the turbidity of the water in the lake increased. This contributed to an increase in the density of phytoplankton with Botryococcus.
Inventory and characteristics of rare medicinal plants in the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
Authors: Demina Galina , Dubrovnaya Svetlana , Kadyrova Luisa , Prokhorenko Nina , Timofeeva Olga
Published: April 2024

This work presents the structural analysis of rare medicinal plants of the flora in Tatarstan, Russia. The wild medicinal flora of Tatarstan includes 357 species, 9.5% of which have the status of protected plants. In Tatarstan, the protected species belonging to the subkingdom Higher spore plants are represented by two classes, two families and three genera. Protected Seed plants include Gymnosperms, represented by one class and one family, but the basis of the flora is formed by Angiosperms, including two classes, 15 families and 30 species. The most numerous families of rare plants in Tatarstan are Orchidaceae and Ericaceae. All representatives of this family are tuberiferous plants. Limited vegetative propagation leads to the reduction in species abundance. Plants of the family Ericaceae are confined to the ecological-cenotic group of oligotrophic plants, the distribution of which is associated with rare communities of sphagnum bogs. In general, on the territory Tatarstan, the composition of protected medicinal plants is dominated by wetland species. Among rare plants, more than 40% are located on the border of their range. However, the most common limiting factor for rare and endangered species is the direct or indirect influence of human activities on the natural habitats of medicinal plants.
The environmental state of the Akmola Region in the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 1990s
Authors: Amrina Minar , Kozina Valeria , Isakhan Gaziza
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the environmental issues in the Akmola region during the 1990s. It provides a description of the region’s climate and addresses concerns such as air pollution from both stationary and mobile sources, the condition and use of water resources, radiation levels, and land management. The authors highlight a decline in water quality in lakes attributed to highway construction obstructing the flow of meltwater. Analysis of the data revealed that a significant environmental challenge in the region was the dusting of tailings from the hydrometallurgical plant, leading to further land degradation. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the region’s environmental state was impacted by increased pollution of water and land resources due to activities in mining, processing, chemical, light, and food industries.
Chemical properties and ecological condition changes of the degraded soils as a result of industrial activities
Authors: Jobborov B.Т. , Jabbarov Z.А. , Sherimbetov V. , Yodgorova D. , Toymbayeva D.
Published: April 2024

The article describes the man-made degradation of irrigated soils, resulting from chemical pollution, changes in soil chemistry, and heavy metal pollution during thermal power plant operation. According to the results, the pH value of the soil fell from 7.2 to 6.1 as a result of man-made degradation, ie the acidic environment increased as a result of pollution. Also, some heavy metals, including As - increased by 4.2 times, Cr - by 16 times, Ni - by 2.5 times, Rb - by 3.7 times, Zn - by 4.8 times. Changes in soil environment and soil ecological status have resulted in deterioration in fertility rates and negatively impacted crop yields and quality.
Quantifying potential fluid transfused through pressure monitoring and circuit flushes in pediatric ECMO patients
Authors: Robertson Steven , White Katherine
Published: April 2024

Pressure monitoring on pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) circuits is used to aid in the evaluation of patient hemodynamics and circuit health. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) recommends monitoring pressures on the venous line, pre-, and post-oxygenator. In order to keep pressure ports patent, crystalloid can be used as a flush. The fluid transfused to the patient through these lines can be challenging to quantify accurately due to variance in clinician practice. Currently, there is no published data or practice suggestions on this topic. In Vitro experiments using Edwards True Wave transducers and pressure bags were constructed, allowing for common negative and positive pressures to be simulated. Passive volume infused through the transducer as well as intermittent active flushing by pulling the snap tab were measured and the volumes were recorded. When the pressure transducer and associated tubing are kept patent by using a pressurized IV bag, per the instructions for use, the daily volume transfused was found to be 319.6 mL or close to a typical neonate’s total blood volume. Rather than using passive or active flushing, the use of automated syringe pumps can reduce the transfused volume to 24 mL per day. Further study is recommended to develop and publish best practices.
Numerical analysis of a nonsmooth quasilinear elliptic control problem: I. Explicit second-order optimality conditions
Authors: Clason Christian , Nhu Vu Huu , Rösch Arnd
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we derive explicit second-order necessary and sufficient optimality conditions of a local minimizer to an optimal control problem for a quasilinear second-order partial differential equation with a piecewise smooth but not differentiable nonlinearity in the leading term. The key argument rests on the analysis of level sets of the state. Specifically, we show that if a function vanishes on the boundary and its the gradient is different from zero on a level set, then this set decomposes into finitely many closed simple curves. Moreover, the level sets depend continuously on the functions defining these sets. We also prove the continuity of the integrals on the level sets. In particular, Green’s first identity is shown to be applicable on an open set determined by two functions with nonvanishing gradients. In the second part to this paper, the explicit sufficient second-order conditions will be used to derive error estimates for a finite-element discretization of the control problem.
The Effect of Mental Fatigue on the Spatial Ability of University Students
Authors: Noorfadila Amirah Meutia , Rosiana Kartika Dwi , Ardiyanto Ardiyanto , Trapsilawati Fitri
Published: April 2024

Spatial abilities are divided into two, namely spatial orientation and spatial visualization. In the field of engineering, especially Industrial Engineering, spatial abilities are usually used in the design process. The use of spatial orientation abilities is influenced by mental activity. Thus, mental fatigue will influence the application of spatial orientation abilities. Mental fatigue among students is usually influenced by academic workload. This research was conducted to determine the effect of academic workload and AX-CPT treatment on the spatial abilities of industrial engineering students. This research involved 40 respondents who were divided into two groups. The research was carried out with mental fatigue engineering using the AX-Continuous Performance Test for 20 minutes for one group of respondents before taking a spatial ability measurement test using the Spatial Orientation Test (SOT) while the other group was not given the AX-Continuous Performance Test. After taking the test, respondents will fill out a survey regarding academic workload. The test was carried out using multiple linear regression with a p-value of 0.814 so there was no influence from the academic workload and AX-CPT treatment on the spatial abilities of industrial engineering students
Life reality in the industrialized world: The effects of low wages on workers’ welfare
Authors: Wibisono Aurelia Hillary , Prasetya Alfin , Anindyajati Adhi
Published: April 2024

The disparity between regional minimum wages and inflation rates remains a significant issue in the industrialized world. Even though various parties have tried to solve this thorny problem theoretically and practically, no actual implementation can solve it thoroughly. Whereas in the fast-paced modern world, wages are one of the determinants of a worker’s well-being. In Indonesia, the Special Region of Yogyakarta is the region with the second lowest minimum wage, in the range of less than two million rupiahs per month, two times lower than Jakarta the capital city. Culturally, the native people also feel that low wages affect their quality of life (besides their belief in keeping Jogja’s authenticity as a city of heritage and education). This research is conducted in literature study supported by Maslow theory hierarchy of needs and the results of researchers’ naturalistics observations. Supported by early social scientist theory, the author reveals that there is a relationship between income and one’s level of satisfaction and quality of life. People with lower income levels have higher levels of life satisfaction although their economic, physical, and psychological well-being is lower. In the end, this paper will implicate to increase public understanding of workers’ well-being.
Assessing the impact of chart design and time intervals on the usability of time series data visualization: A Case Study on Cryptocurrency Data
Authors: Dewi Ratna Sari , Makhson Mokhammad Zulkifli
Published: April 2024

Based on Google Trends, searches related to cryptocurrency have significantly increased in the last couple of years. One crucial aid for cryptocurrency traders or investors is the graphical visualization, which shows the time series data of the cryptocurrency prices. However, problems may occur in data visualization, such as visual noise and information loss, which cause perceptual and cognitive errors in data reading. Therefore, good visualization is needed to avoid decision-making mistakes, particularly in the cryptocurrency trade and investment activities. This study aims to investigate the effect of chart design and time interval on the usability of data visualization. The experiments are conducted in two scenarios, i.e., with and without time pressure. The participants recruited in this study were non-experienced and experienced people classified based on their familiarity with cryptocurrency investment/trading. Objective usability testing is performed by eye tracking, while subjective assessment employs the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire. There are four quantitative dependent variables: response time, number of errors, number of fixations, and time to first fixation. The results show that time interval and time pressure significantly affect usability for both groups of respondents. Although chart design does not substantially affect the dependent variables, a candle chart is generally better than a line chart. By comparing all the combinations of chart design and time intervals, this study concluded that combining candle charts with 1-hour or 4-hour time intervals gives the best results for both respondent groups.
The Application of Ergonomics in the Design of Air Filtering Devices Through Software Engineering
Authors: Wahyudin Wahyudin , Herwanto Dene , Nugraha Billy
Published: April 2024

Air is a part of an important element in life, with the aim that all living things can move optimally. From this everything needs to get quality air, so that the inhaled air feels healthy and fresh. Lately, air problems are very much discussed, especially in urban areas that produce many pollution from various sources produced. Air pollution is one of the activities that produce air quality inappropriate as it should, and is contaminated with hazardous substances for living things. This research has the aim of applying ergonomics in the design of air filtering devices through software repair. In this study, applying analyze, design, development, implement, and evaluate (ADDIE) model. Each of them focuses on the design of the tools carried out: Analyze identifies the problems that occur, especially in the air quality which lately is widely discussed. Design of designing tools that have stages: vacuum cleaner, washable pre filter, activated carbon deodorization filter, dust collecting filter, and internet hardware of things. Development carried out the development that will be carried out, which is integrated with the Internet of Things (IoT) in the form of application. Implement in the application of air filtering equipment, namely in the housing, shopping, and places of dismissal sectors. Evaluate conducts testing that will be known to the strength of the tool, by paying attention to several previous references. The results of this study will produce an air screening tool through software engineering, namely Sketchup software. Some literature studies show air filtering with some tools used will make the dirty air clean air. Some categories and range of standard levels of Particle Metter (PM) 2.5 and Standard Air Freight Index (ISPU): Good (1-50), Medium (51-100), Unhealthy (101-200), Very Unhealthy (201-300 ), and dangerous (301-500). The conclusion in this study results in a design of air filtering tools that can be applied on the roof of the house, shop, and others. This has the goal so that the results of dirty air above will be filtering and producing clean air. So that the air inhaled around the building with the tool will feel healthy and fresh.
An Improved Iodine-Catalyzed Aromatization Reaction and Its Application in the Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of Cannabidiol
Authors: Zhu Fuqiang , Shen Jingshan , Abduahadi Safomuddin , Mintah Bonku Emmanuel , Qin Hongjian , Odilov Abdullajon , Aisa Haji Akber
Published: April 2024

In this study, the development of an improved process for the synthesis of a key cannabidiol intermediate, methyl olivetolate, is described. The process involves an improvement of the iodine-catalyzed aromatization of cyclohexanone using potassium persulfate as an oxidant. This approach enabled for the efficient synthesis of methyl olivetolate with a 90% yield and 99.84% HPLC purity on a 5 kg scale. Additionally, a total of 19 cyclohexanone substrates afforded higher yields (71–92%) of m-diphenol compounds compared to the established methods.
Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)–C(sp3) Radical Coupling Reaction between Thiohydantoins and O-Acetyloximes for the Synthesis of 1,3-Dibenzyl-3,4-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole-2(1H)-thione Derivatives
Authors: Chikhalia Kishor H. , Patel Parth P.
Published: April 2024

A unified heteroannelation method to achieve the synthesis of 1,3-dibenzyl-3,4-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-d]imidazole-2(1H)-thione derivatives with an iron catalyst is proposed. The annelation reaction follows a C(sp3)–C(sp3) radical coupling between a thiohydantoin and an O-acetyloxime. The synthetic approach enables access to several alkynylated thiohydantoins and O-acetyloximes with controlled selectivity toward C(sp3)–C(sp3) coupling rather than C(sp3)–C(sp3)–O coupling in moderate to high yields. An optimization study has been carried out by changing the catalyst loading, oxidants, solvents, and temperature. Synthesized compounds were characterized through 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectral studies.
Test-Retest Reliability of a Bilingual Arabic-English Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among Adolescents and Young Adults with Good or Poor Sleep Quality
Authors: Arumugam Ashokan , Mohammad Zadeh Shima A. , Alkalih Hanan Youssef , Zabin Zina Anwar , Hawarneh Tamara Mohd. Emad , Ahmed Hejab Iftikhar , Jauhari Fatema Shabbir , Al-Sharman Alham
Published: April 2024

Introduction The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is widely used in different population groups to assess self-reported sleep quality over the previous month. As the Arabic language is spoken by more than 400 million people, the PSQI has been translated into Arabic for its optimal application to Arabic-speaking individuals. However, the test-retest reliability of the Arabic version of the PSQI has not been reported yet.

Objective To examine the reliability and agreement of a bilingual Arabic-English version of the PSQI (AE-PSQI) among bilingual Arabic-English-speaking adolescents and young adults of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) with good or poor sleep quality.

Materials and Methods We included 50 bilingual Arabic-English-speaking adolescents and young adults (mean age of 20.82 ± 2.7 years; 30/50 subjects classified as poor sleepers [PSQI > 5] at baseline) who filled put the AE-PSQI twice, 7 days apart. The internal consistency of the AE-PSQI was assessed through the Cronbach's alpha. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC[3,1]) was used to assess the test-retest reliability. The standard error of measurement (SEM), the smallest real difference (SRD), and the Bland-Altman plots were used to report agreement measures.

Results The global score on the AE-PQSI showed an acceptable level of internal consistency with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.65, and no floor and ceiling effects were observed. The 95% confidence intervals (95%CI: 0.63-0.87) of the ICC(3,1) revealed moderate to strong reliability estimates for overall AE-PSQI scores. The SEM and SRD were of 1.6 and 4.5 respectively, and the Bland-Altman plots revealed a moderate agreement between the baseline and retest global AE-PQSI scores.

Conclusion The AE-PSQI is a reliable instrument to assess sleep quality in bilingual Arabic-English-speaking adolescents and young adults with good or poor sleep quality. Further studies on the validity and responsiveness of the AE-PSQI are warranted in individuals with and without sleep disorders.
An Alternative In-Home Protocol to Diagnose and Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Couto Patriota Tarcya L. G. , Pedrosa Rodrigo Pinto
Published: April 2024

Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a major public health problem of pandemic proportions. In-laboratory OSA diagnosis and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) titration are insufficient, considering the number of patients affected. Finding alternative ways to diagnose and treat OSA is mandatory, especially in this era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study aims to describe an alternative in-home protocol to diagnose and treat OSA.

Materials and Methods We enrolled consecutive patients aged ≥ 18 years with moderate/severe OSA, who underwent in-home type-III polysomnography and home-based titration with automatic CPAP, coupled with an oximetry sensor for 3 consecutive nights. Patients were remotely monitored for 90 days to evaluate CPAP compliance and the use of an engagement tool was encouraged.

Results We included 86 participants. The median time until the diagnosis was of one day. The mean time from the baseline visit until the acquisition and initiation of the CPAP therapy was of 33 (range: 17 to 52) days. Telemonitoring ensured good compliance in the first 30 (79.2%), 60 (76.3%) and 90 (74.3%) days, with an average daily use of 6.2 ± 1.4 h, 6.0 ± 1.4 h, and 6.0 ± 1.3 h respectively. About 1/3 of the patients used the engagement tool, and CPAP compliance was significantly higher among these patients compared with those who did not used the tool: 89.9% versus 73.5% (p < 0.002), 87.9% versus 70% (p < 0.003), and 86.6% versus 67.6% (p < 0.001) at 30, 60, and 90 days respectively.

Conclusion We demonstrated that an alternative in-home protocol to diagnose and treat OSA is effective, ensuring good CPAP compliance after 90 days. Telemonitoring and engagement tools could be strategies to improve CPAP compliance.
Diamond two-phonon infrared absorption spectrum calculated from first principles using the finite displacement method
Authors: Fluckey Stephen P. , Vandenberghe William G.
Published: April 2024

We calculate the two-phonon contribution to the dielectric susceptibility of diamond at room and elevated temperatures, utilizing a general ab initio model that can be extended to higher n phonon processes. We calculate the second-order dipole moments using a finite displacement method to calculate the derivatives of the Born effective charge tensor. Specifically, we use results obtained from density-functional theory and density-functional perturbation theory in this finite displacement method to calculate the dipole moments of diamond in the two-phonon case. We use the calculated dipole moment to determine the contribution of two-phonon processes to the dielectric susceptibility. We then calculate the absorption curve as a function of wave-number at room or elevated temperatures. Our results indicate that the calculated absorption is in good agreement with previous calculations, and that it increases in magnitude with temperature while maintaining a consistent shape.
Influence of non-stoichiometry and local atomic environments on carrier transport in GaAs1−x−yNxBiy alloys
Authors: Mitchell J. W. , Greenhill C. M. , Huang T.-Y. , Jen T. , Yang Y.-C. , Hammond K. , Heyman J. N. , Goldman R. S.
Published: April 2024

We have investigated the influence of non-stoichiometry and local atomic environments on carrier transport in GaAs(N)Bi alloy films using local-electrode atom probe tomography (LEAP) in conjunction with time-resolved terahertz photoconductivity measurements. The local concentrations of N, Bi, and excess As, as well as Bi pair correlations, are quantified using LEAP. Using time-resolved THz photoconductivity measurements, we show that carrier transport is primarily limited by excess As, with the highest carrier mobilities for layers with yBi > 0.035.
Layer-number parity-dependent oscillatory spin transport in
β
-Ga2O3 magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Yan Sihan , Liu Zeng , Li Shan , Tan Chee-Keong , Zhang Jia-Han , Guo Yufeng , Tang Weihua
Published: April 2024

Spintronics devices have been a research hotspot due to their rich theoretical and application value. The widebandgap semiconductor β-Ga2O3 has excellent application potential in spintronics due to the controllability of its electron behavior via ultraviolet light. This paper employs first-principles calculations and the Wenzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation to comprehensively investigate spin transport based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) comprising β-Ga2O3 nanosheets. The magnetic moment of the ferromagnetic layer in β-Ga2O3 MTJs is found to be positively correlated with tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). Interestingly, layer-number parity-dependent oscillation of TMR in β-Ga2O3 MTJs is observed, which is explained by the non-equilibrium Green function and the WKB approximation. TMR reaches a maximum of 1077% at five layers, and bias-dependent stability is observed in the monolayer model under biases of 0–20 mV. This study not only expands the application potential of β-Ga2O3 and predicts its superiority in spintronics but also enriches the related condensed matter theory.
Radiation reaction kinetics and collective QED signatures
Authors: Griffith A. , Qu K. , Fisch N. J.
Published: April 2024

Observing collective effects originating from the interplay between quantum electrodynamics and plasma physics might be achieved in upcoming experiments. In particular, the generation of electron–positron pairs and the observation of their collective dynamics could be simultaneously achieved in a collision between an intense laser and a highly relativistic electron beam through a laser frequency shift driven by an increase in the plasma density increase. In this collision, the radiation of high-energy photons will serve a dual purpose: first, in seeding the cascade of pair generation; and, second, in decelerating the created pairs for detection. The deceleration results in a detectable shift in the plasma frequency. This deceleration was previously studied considering only a small sample of individual pair particles. However, the highly stochastic nature of the quantum radiation reaction in the strong-field regime limits the descriptive power of the average behavior to the dynamics of pair particles. Here, we examine the full kinetic evolution of generated pairs in order to more accurately model the relativistically adjusted plasma density. As we show, the most effective pair energy for creating observable signatures occurs at a local minimum, obtained at finite laser field strength due to the trade-off between pair deceleration and the relativistic particle oscillation at increasing laser intensity. For a small number of laser cycles, the quantum radiation reaction may re-arrange the generated pairs into anisotropic distributions in momentum space, although, in the one-dimensional simulations considered here, this anisotropy quickly decreases.
What we talk about when we talk about breaking scaling relations
Authors: Calle-Vallejo Federico
Published: April 2024

For more than a dozen years, “breaking scaling relations” has been regarded by many as a top priority in computational and experimental electrocatalysis. Numerous works claim to have done it, and literature reviews are available that summarize the strategies to do it. However, in most cases, it seems more like a slogan than a clear, experimentally realizable catalyst design paradigm. It is worth asking whether we know of any materials that unmistakably break scaling relations and, more importantly, if the breaking of a problematic scaling relation is the end of all troubles in electrocatalysis. On the basis of some quantitative examples related to CO2 electroreduction and the concept of “ghost scaling relation,” I will try to address these and other fundamental questions related to scaling relations.
Observation of broad triangular Frank-type stacking faults and characterization of stacking faults with emission wavelengths below 430 nm in 4H–SiC epitaxial layers
Authors: Na Moonkyong , Bahng Wook , Jung Hyundon , Oh Chanhyoung , Jang Donghyun , Hong Soon-Ku
Published: April 2024

Frank-type stacking faults in 4H–SiC epitaxial layers were investigated using room-temperature photoluminescence mapping and high-angle annular dark-field high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Remarkably, the intrinsic Frank-type stacking fault (5,2) and intrinsic multilayer Frank-type stacking fault (4,2), which have been reported to have elongated triangular shapes to date, were found to have broader triangular shape, which was typical shape of Shockley-type stacking faults. The shaping of stacking faults could be explained based on the directions of the partial dislocations bounding the stacking faults. Formation models for the intrinsic (5,2) and (4,2) stacking faults were proposed. In addition, we observed Frank-type stacking faults (3,2,2,3) and (3,3) and Shockley-type stacking faults (3,3,3,2,3,2) and (3,2,3,3,3,2), which were not reported before. All of these stacking faults were composed with the stacking numbers 2 and 3 in the Zhdanov notation and showed very close characteristic photoluminescence emission wavelengths of 427–428 nm. Formation models for the stacking faults of (3,2,2,3), (3,3), (3,3,3,2,3,2), and (3,2,3,3,3,2) were proposed, also. Based on the proposed formation models of (4,2) and (3,3) stacking faults, formation models for the Frank-type stacking faults (4,1) and (3,2) were discussed. Finally, we pointed out that the (4,1) Frank-type stacking fault should be the intrinsic not the extrinsic fault, and the (3,2) Frank-type stacking fault is the extrinsic fault.
High temperature stability of entropy-stabilized oxide (MgCoNiCuZn)0.2O in air
Authors: Webb Matthew , Gerhart Mike , Baksa Steven , Gelin Simon , Ansbro Avery-Ryan , Meisenheimer Peter B. , Chiang Tony , Maria Jon-Paul , Dabo Ismaila , Rost Christina M. , Heron John T.
Published: April 2024

Entropy-stabilized oxides are single-phase, multicomponent oxides that are stabilized by a large entropy of mixing, ΔS, overcoming a positive enthalpy. Due to the −TΔS term in the Gibbs' free energy, G, it can be hypothesized that entropy-stabilized oxides demonstrate a robust thermal stability. Here, we investigate the high temperature stability (1300–1700 °C) of the prototypical entropy-stabilized rocksalt oxide (MgCoNiCuZn)0.2O in air. We find that at temperatures >1300 °C, the material gradually loses Cu and Zn with increasing temperature. Cu is lost through a selective melting as a Cu-rich liquid phase is formed. Zn is sublimed from the rocksalt phase at approximately similar temperatures to those corresponding to the Cu loss, significantly below both the melting temperature of ZnO and its solubility limit in a rocksalt phase. The elemental loss progressively reduces the entropy of mixing and results in a multiphase solid upon quenching to room temperature. We posit that the high-temperature solubility of Cu and Zn is correlated providing further evidence for entropic stabilization over general solubility arguments.
Experimental investigation on the interaction of spark-generated array bubbles near a rigid wall
Authors: Guo Xu-Dong , Wang Shu-Na , Liu Nian-Nian , Wu Cheng-Long , Sun Peng-Nan , Peng Yu-Xiang
Published: April 2024

This study experimentally investigates the interaction of an array of bubbles near a rigid wall. Three bubbles are simultaneously generated using underwater electric discharges, forming a linear alignment with approximately equal sizes. A high-speed camera was used to record the evolution of the bubbles, with the pressure sensors placed on the surface of the rigid wall to measure the pressure resulting from both the jet and collapse of the bubbles. The results demonstrate that the behavior of the array bubbles, including collapse, jetting, and coalescence, is significantly influenced by the dimensionless distances Ra = da/Rm and Rh = dh/Rm (where Rm is the maximum bubble radius, and da and dh represent the inter-bubble distance and bubble-wall distance, respectively). A series of experiments, designed with various Ra and Rh, were conducted to systematically investigate the behaviors of the bubbles and their resulting pressure characteristics on the central of the wall. This research aims to offer a practical reference for understanding interacting array bubbles and the potential pressure threats to nearby structures.
Interplay between cation composition and charge transport characteristics in GAxFAyMA1-x-yPbI3 halide perovskites
Authors: Minussi F. B. , Silva R. M. , Araújo E. B.
Published: April 2024

Halide perovskites (HPs) are a well-known class of mixed electronic and ionic conductors with diverse applications in optoelectronic devices. The simultaneous transport of ionic and electronic carriers has beneficial and detrimental effects depending on the intended applications. There is an extensive understanding of the charge transport characteristics in HPs since the phenomenon is of applied relevance. However, considering that several applications use compositions containing mixed cations, a deeper understanding of how the degree of substitution and the characteristics of the substituent cations affect the charge transport characteristics is needed. To this end, we experimentally studied the ionic conductivity (σion), current–voltage hysteresis (J–E hysteresis), mobility (μe) and density (ne) of electronic carriers, and bandgap energies (Eg) of up to 24 compositions of methylammonium lead iodide partially substituted with guanidinium and formamidinium. The results indicate that σion, J–E hysteresis, and μe decrease with the degree of substitution, with the J–E hysteresis being smaller the larger size of the substituent cation. At the same time, σion appears to be lower in compositions with equimolar substituents, in which the entropy of mixing is maximum. On the other hand, a slight increase in ne was observed with the substitution degree, showing highest values for FA+-rich compositions, where Eg is the lowest. The results advance the understanding of how it is possible to customize charge transport properties through the rational design of compositions in HPs.