bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chromate allergy from ‘antifreeze‐antiboil’
Authors: Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

A diesel mechanic developed hand dermatitis after more than 3 years in the trade. Patch testing showed positive reactions to chromate and cobalt. Potassium dichromate is added to antifreeze‐antiboil as a corrosion inhibitor.
Paraneoplastic pemphigus triggered by radiotherapy
Authors: Lee May‐Sen , Kossard Steven , Ho Kenneth KL , Barnetson Ross StC , Ravich Robert BM
Published: June 2007

Paraneoplastic pemphigus is a recently described autoimmune disease characterized by painful mucosal ulceration and polymorphous skin lesions in association with an underlying neoplasm. Distinct autoantibodies bind desmoplakin I, desmoplakin II, bullous pemphigoid antigen and an uncharacterized 190kDa antigen. A case is presented of paraneoplastic pemphigus that developed after radiotherapy for non‐ Hodgkin's lymphoma in a 53 year old man. Multiple skin biopsies showed a lichenoid reaction without acantholysis. Immunofluorescence and mucosal biopsies were required to establish the correct diagnosis. Corneal opacities resembling lichenoid graft‐versus‐host disease and retinal haemorrhages, which developed in the patient, have not been previously documented. Despite high doses of immunosuppressive agents and plasmaphoresis, the patient eventually died from respiratory failure.
The role of pulsed laser in the management of cosmetically significant pigmented lesions
Authors: Bekhor Philip S
Published: June 2007

Pulsed laser can be effective in the treatment of naevus of Ota, some cafe au lait macules, lentigines and junctional naevi. It is less useful for compound, intradermal or congenital naevi, chloasma, or post‐inflammatory pigmentation. Hydroquinone and broad spectrum sunscreen are routinely used after treatment.
Hair shaft abnormalities: Part II
Authors: Rogers Maureen
Published: June 2007

The clinical and microscopic features are reviewed for trichothiodystrophy, woolly hair, uncombable hair, pili annulati, trichorrhexis invaginata and pseudomonilethrix.
Evaluation of patch testing in patients with chronic vulvar symptoms
Authors: Brenan John A , Dennerstein Graeme J , Sfameni Salvatore F , Drinkwater Paul , Marin Grazia , Scurry James P
Published: June 2007

The Dermogynaecology Clinic was established at the Mercy Hospital for Women in 1989. Since its inception, 700 patients have been investigated and 15% were clinically diagnosed as having contact dermatitis. Primary irritant dermatitis was regarded as the common cause but to investigate the place of contact allergy 50 patients were patch tested to a standard battery, medicaments, preservatives, corticosteroids and miscellaneous allergens. Twenty‐one patients (42%) had a total of 44 positive tests. The most common positive reactions were to nickel (22%), cobalt (6%), fragrances (12%). caine mix (6%) and ethylenediamine (8%). Medicaments and fragrances were regarded as important allergens. Corticosteroid and imidazole allergy was not a problem in this series of patients.
Ritual Samoan body tattooing and associated sporotrichosis
Authors: Choong Khai Y , Roberts Leonard J
Published: June 2007

A 36 year old Samoan male who developed cutaneous sporotrichosis as a result of traditional body tattooing is reported. It is considered that the tattooing procedure was responsible for introducing the infection. He was treated with itraconazole, which produced resolution of the lesions.
Granuloma gluteale infantum
Authors: Konya Joseph , Gow Elizabeth
Published: June 2007

Granuloma gluteale infantum is an uncommon disorder, the pathogenesis of which remains unclear. Occlusion is a common factor and irritant napkin dermatitis is a frequent association. A six month old female infant with mild napkin dermatitis treated only with a dusting powder is presented.
Excision technique for chondrodermatitis nodularis helicis
Authors: Sinclair Peter
Published: June 2007

This painful nodule of the ear commonly recurs at the tips of the excision ellipse. To minimize this risk, a smooth transition from the normal helical rim to the defect can be achieved by undermining between the skin and cartilage at the ends of the ellipse and trimming the cartilage spikes.
The descriptive epidemiology of warts in the community
Authors: Kilkenny Monique , Marks Robin
Published: June 2007

Warts are common skin infections caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and affect most people sometime in their life. A number of epidemiological studies on the prevalence of warts have been completed in schools, various occupational groups, general practices and hospitals. All studies have relied on a subjective measure for the diagnosis of warts. Cross‐sectional studies completed in schools have shown the prevalence in children to vary from 2 to 20%. Occupational handlers of meat, poultry and fish have a higher prevalence than other workers. Children and young adults are the groups most affected. Future studies are needed to investigate the true frequency of warts in the community and the likelihood of an individual developing these lesions during his/her lifetime.
Pemphigoid gestationis occurring in a patient with HELLP syndrome
Authors: Lowe Patricia M , Fryer Judith , Shumack Stephen
Published: June 2007

A case of pemphigoid gestationis occurring in a 40 year old female who developed HELLP syndrome during her fourth pregnancy is reported. Seven days after emergency Caesarean section for pre‐eclampsia, she developed a pruritic blistering eruption which clinically resembled pemphigoid gestationis. The diagnosis was supported by skin histology and immunofluorescence. She responded rapidly to oral corticosteroids, with no evidence of recurrence after 12 weeks of follow up. In the current case report, the previously unreported simultaneous occurrence of two uncommon conditions is described.
Minocycline is a useful adjuvant therapy for pemphigus
Authors: Gaspar Zoran S , Walkden Valerie , Wojnarowska Fenella
Published: June 2007

Pemphigus is an autoimmune blistering disease with high mortality if untreated. The cases of 10 patients who had minocycline 100 mg daily added as adjuvant therapy are reported. Prior to the use of minocycline, all patients had active disease, nine were on prednisolone (10–40 mg) and five were on azathioprine (100–200 mg). The response was assessed on clinical improvement and reduction of immunosuppressive (IS) drugs. It was graded into four categories: major, minor, equivocal and no significant response. A major response was seen in four patients, minor in two, equivocal in one and no improvement in three patients. The prednisolone dose in the six responders was reduced to 0–6 mg (0 mg in three patients), with an average decrease of 21 mg. The average time to respond was 8 months. Of the six responders, three were on azathioprine, which was ceased in two patients and reduced by two‐thirds in the other patient. No patient ceased minocycline because of side effects. In conclusion, minocycline 100 mg daily is a simple, safe and well tolerated treatment that should be tried in patients with pemphigus to reduce disease activity and/or the dose of potent IS agents.
Rapid repigmentation after depigmentation therapy: Vitiligo treated with monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone
Authors: Oakley Amanda MM
Published: June 2007

Repigmentation occurred within a few weeks of discontinuing successful depigmentation therapy with monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone, in a patient with extensive vitiligo. Patients undertaking depigmentation therapy should be warned that this may occur. The mechanism is unknown.
Prurigo papules with blisters
Authors: Kossard Steven
Published: June 2007

A 73 year old woman developed prurigo papules which were complicated by blisters. Skin biopsy and immunofluorescence revealed bullous pemphigoid. The diagnosis of pemphigoid nodularis was made.
Facial resurfacing using a high‐energy, short‐pulse carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Goodman Greg J
Published: June 2007

Facial skin resurfacing is now possible using short‐pulse, high‐energy carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers. The laser utilized in this particular paper is the Ultrapulse CO2 laser. The Ultrapulse laser represents the first CO2 laser able to vaporize tissue in a single pulse with the use of a large spot size. This laser utilizes the principles of selective photothermolysis. The high‐power pulses are completed in less than the thermal relaxation time of skin, estimated to be less than 1 millisecond. This translates into rapid vaporization of tissue with little heat conduction to surrounding tissues. It also should allow a reproducibility of results between practitioners with set parameters not possible with previous CO2 lasers. Clinically, this laser is useful for the removal of skin lesions, and the resurfacing of areas of sun damage, wrinkles and scars. The immediate haemostasis and excellent visibility allows for precise vaporization of abnormal tissue. Rapid and pain‐free wound healing is usual. The complication rate would appear to compare very favourably with dermabrasion and chemical peeling techniques.
Recurrent focal palmar peeling
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chuan , Rycroft Richard JG , White Ian R , McFadden John P
Published: June 2007

Recurrent focal palmar peeling, previously known as keratolysis exfoliativa, is an idiopathic condition characterized by chronic palmar and occasionally plantar peeling. It can be exacerbated by environmental factors, and may be misdiagnosed as chronic contact dermatitis. Accurate diagnosis is from the history and examination. It is supported by a negative patch test result. Three cases of recurrent focal palmar peeling are presented, of which two were misdiagnosed as chronic dermatitis. Although there are few references on recurrent focal palmar peeling, it is likely to be a common condition that rarely presents to dermatologists because it is largely asymptomatic, A correct diagnosis is essential due to the social, occupational and legal implications if misdiagnosed.
Can injected lignocaine cause allergic contact dermatitis?
Authors: Bassett Ingrid B , Delaney Thomas A , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

This report sites two patients with allergic contact dermatitis to topical lignocaine. In separate instances they also developed severe localized reactions following injections of the drug.
Histological correlates of metastasis in primary invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the lip
Authors: Saywell Mark S , Weedon David
Published: June 2007

The histological features of 66 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the lip were studied in an attempt to define prognostic parameters. Features that correlated with an increased risk or metastasis included histological grade of the tumour at the base and the surface, the tumour thickness, presence of stromal sclerosis, and the presence of muscle and perineural invasion.
White fibrous papulosis of the neck in three Sicilian patients
Authors: Siragusa Maddalena , Batolo Dario , Schepis Carmelo
Published: June 2007

Three patients, two females and one male, presented with white fibrous papulosis of the neck. This condition is characteristically located on both sides of the neck; however, it also appears on the upper sternal region, with a necklace‐like configuration, in the two female patients, aged 72 and 78 years, respectively. A differential diagnosis was carried out with respect to other dermatoses that show a similar skin aspect, and to the pseudoxanthoma elasticum‐like papillary dermal elastolysis. This is because this condition, as well as fibrous papulosis, can be interpreted as a clinical‐histological variant of the same process of cutaneous ageing. However, environmental factors can play a role in the aetiopathogenesis of fibrous papulosis in the Sicilian population.
Aggressive polyfibromatosis: A 10 year follow‐up
Authors: Lee Yu‐Chuan , Chan Henry HL , Black Martin M
Published: June 2007

Polyfibromatosis syndrome is a condition characterized by the occurrence of several cutaneous fibrotic conditions including Dupuytren's contracture and keloid formation. A 10 year follow‐up of a patient with an aggressive type of polyfibromatosis associated with erosive arthropathy is presented. The underlying pathogenesis and management of this uncommon condition is discussed.
Acrokeratoelastoidosis
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn
Published: June 2007

An Indian woman presented with crateriform and pearly papules along the lines of transgredience of the hands and feet. Her father and an older sister are similarly affected. Histology showed hyperkeratosis and elastorrhexis. The differential diagnosis of acrokeratoelastoidosis includes focal acral hyperkeratosis. The current classification of marginal papular acrokeratodermas is discussed.
Occupational contact dermatitis to gold
Authors: Tan Ernest , Delaney Thomas A
Published: June 2007

A case of occupational contact dermatitis to gold is presented. This is uncommon as gold is relatively insoluble. Allergic contact dermatitis to gold is confirmed by patch testing with gold sodium thiosulfate 0.5% in petrolatum. Occupational contact dermatitis in the gold industry can be reduced by providing workers with more protective gear and better ventilation.
Neuropeptides, nerve growth factor and eczema
Authors: Giannetti Alberto
Published: June 2007

Considerable evidence indicates that peripheral nerve fibres play an active regulatory role during eczematous reactions. Many basic features of the inflammatory process are potentially subject to neuropeptidergic modulation, such as vascular changes, cellular trafficking, activation and trophism, In vivo and in vitro investigations suggest that neuropeptides are part of the complex network of mediators that initiate and maintain the eczematous process in the skin. In general, peptidergic fibres seem to exert a global protective role, but with specific and selective effects in the different phases. Evidence that the inflammatory process induces biochemical changes at a neuronal level has also been obtained. The possible mediators of the neuronal recruitment in the course of the eczematous reaction are still unknown. Nevertheless, nerve growth factor, which is locally increased during inflammatory processes and may induce peptidergic alterations, should be considered as a potential candidate molecule.
Viral exanthems in childhood
Authors: Hogan Peter A
Published: June 2007

Viral exanthems can be classified as erythematous, vesicular and papular. The majority are erythematous with the most common viral causes being non‐polio enteroviruses, respiratory viruses, acute Epstein‐Barr virus, human herpes viruses 6 and 7, and parvovirus B‐19. Measles, rubella, mumps, acute CMV, hepatitis viruses, HIV seroconversion, Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses are less commonly seen. The differential diagnosis includes drug eruption, erythematous bacterial exanthems and Kawasaki's syndrome.
Pathological twists in association with infectious agents and infestations of the skin
Authors: Kossard Steven
Published: June 2007

The capacity of micro‐organisms and infestations to induce, flare or mimic a wide variety of dermatological disorders has long been appreciated. The development of new techniques such as in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction has permitted a re‐examination of old concepts such as the tuberculids and bacterids. In addition new discoveries have highlighted the biological potential of micro‐organisms to stimulate or depress the immune system through potent biological active products and has led to new insights in the mechanisms through which organisms may produce skin changes. Histological simulants of dermatological disease may also be induced by micro‐organisms and these may need to be distinguished by clinical correlation.
Putative linkage between HLA class I polymorphism and the susceptibility to malignant melanoma
Authors: Ichimiya Makoto , Muto Masahiko , Hamamoto Yoshiaki , Ohmura Akiko , Tateno Hiroaki , Asagami Chidori
Published: June 2007

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) frequencies in 67 melanoma patients were compared to 120 controls in Japan. The frequency of HLA‐B13 was increased in melanoma patients compared to controls and was particularly common in nodular melanoma. HLA‐B61 was decreased in melanoma patients. Almost 50% of acral lentiginous melanoma patients expressed HLA‐B51 compared to 0% of nodular melanomas.
Rheological analysis of peripheral blood neutrophils in a patient with cutaneous and arthropathic psoriasis accompanying hypopyon‐iridocyclitis
Authors: Iijima Shigeruko , Iwata Mitsuru , Otsuka Fujio
Published: June 2007

A 32 year old Japanese male has had several synchronized attacks of psoriatic arthritis and hypopyon‐iridocyclitis. During exacerbations, he has a leucocytosis with neutrophilia and elevated C‐reactive protein. Assessment for adhesiveness, aggregation and deformation of peripheral neutrophils revealed strikingly high ‘rheological activity’, whereas during periods of remission the activity was only slightly elevated above normal.
Two cases of protothecosis in Nagoya, Japan
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshinari , Shibata Masayuki , Adachi Ayumi , Ohashi Masaru , Kanbe Toshio , Tanaka Kenji
Published: June 2007

Two cases of protothecosis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii have been reported from Nagoya in a 12 year period. In both cases the infection presented on the cheeks of otherwise healthy women. Biopsies showed numerous PAS positive staining organisms with the distinctive mulberry‐like endosporulation in the dermis. Prototheca wickerhamii was identified on sugar assimilation tests of colonies isolated from tissue on Sabouraud agar. Case 1 responded to 11 months of oral ketoconazole therapy. Case 2 might not respond to itraconazole. The source of the infections has not been identified.
Time‐course analyses of exercise‐induced lesions in a patient with urticarial vasculitis
Authors: Kano Yoko , Orihara Midori , Shiohara Tetsuo
Published: June 2007

Using immunoperoxidase techniques, we examined the histological changes of exercise‐induced lesions of urticarial vasculitis over a 24 h period. At 3h, endothelial swelling and an eosinophilic infiltrate was seen. Neutrophils were increased in number by 10 h. Typical leucocytoclastic vasculitis with red blood cell extravasation developed by 24 h. Maximal deposition of eosinophil peroxidase was at 10 h compared to significant neutrophil elastase deposits at 24 h. This demonstrates the importance of the eosinophil in the development of the lesions of urticarial vasculitis.
Advice about management of skin conditions in the community: Who are the providers?
Authors: Yeatman Josephine M , Kilkenny Monique F , Stewart Kay , Marks Robin
Published: June 2007

A survey was undertaken in the central Victorian city of Maryborough to investigate the use of pharmacies and general practitioners as sources of advice about skin problems. In a 2 week period consumers purchasing either prescription or over the counter (OTC) products for skin, hair and nails in pharmacies were approached for interview. Simultaneously, each of the city's general practitioners (GP) completed questionnaires on all patients presenting with conditions of skin, hair and nails.

Seventy per cent of the 315 consumers interviewed were purchasing OTC products and 30% prescription items. Of the OTC products, 42% were originally recommended by pharmacy staff and 18% by doctors. Over one‐third of consumers buying OTC products described symptoms to pharmacy staff and in about half of the cases it was to the pharmacy assistant. One‐third of people describing symptoms had already seen a doctor. Problems most frequently reported were dermatitis, skin dryness, acne and tinea.

General practitioners recorded 265 conditions (of which 54% were new) in patients. The most common condition treated was solar keratosis, and GP wrote a prescription for 43% and recommended OTC products for 7% of conditions. People in Maryborough are seeking advice for their skin conditions from a variety of sources including GP, pharmacies and others.
Tissue factor and thrombomodulin expression on keratinocytes as coagulation/anti‐coagulation cofactor and differentiation marker
Authors: Mizutani Hitoshi , Ohyanagi Satoshi , Nouchi Nobuyuki , Inachi Shin , Shimizu Masayuki
Published: June 2007

Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of tissue factor (TF) as a coagulation factor and thrombomodulin (TM) as an anticoagulation cofactor in the epidermis. TM was expressed on Malpighian layer keratinocytes while TF was located on the supra Malpighian layer. Epidermal shave extracts were biologically active for both factors. Keratinocytes cultured in high calcium, but not low calcium media, expressed both TF and TM. In pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus and bullous pemphigoid, TF expression was increased on keratinocytes shielding the blister compared to the down‐regulated TM expression by keratinocytes around the blister.
Immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes and the susceptibility to psoriasis
Authors: Muto Masahiko , Fujikura Yoshihisa , Hamamoto Yoshiaki , Ichimiya Makoto , Ohmura Akiko , Sasazuki Takehiko , Fukumoto Tetsuo , Asagami Chidori
Published: June 2007

Monoclonal antibodies directed against type 12 Group A streptococcal cell wall antigens cross‐react with nuclei and cytoplasm of cells from skin and synovium from controls, uninvolved skin of psoriatics and psoriatic plaques. Patients with psoriasis had high serum titres of antibody against the M12 (C‐region) streptococcal antigen compared to controls. An abnormal immune response directed against a ‘self’ antigen after initiation by Group A streptococcal infection may play an important role in the exacerbation or development of psoriasis.
Primary leiomyosarcoma of the skin
Authors: Wargon Orli
Published: June 2007

Leiomyosarcomas of the skin are frequently misdiagnosed clinically. This tumour however, exhibits typical histological and immunohistochemical features. This collection of seven cases of cutaneous leiomyosarcoma on the trunk and limbs of adults with a mean age of 63 years and a range of 49‐78 years demonstrates that the clinical diagnosis in each case, from seven different clinicians, did not include the correct diagnosis. In each case, the special immunohistochemical stains were helpful in making the diagnosis with actin and vimentin being positive and S100 and prekeratin stains being negative.
Primary cryptococcal cellulitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Hamann Ian D , Gillespie Roderick J , Ferguson John K
Published: June 2007

Primary cutaneous cryptococcal infection is uncommon. The cutaneous manifestations are most often the result of dissemination from the central nervous system or lung, usually in an immunocompromised host; cellulitis is regarded as the rarest cutaneous form. Primary cutaneous cryptococcosis has occasionally been reported in the immunocompetent, the causative organism being Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. We present a case of cellulitis of the right arm in a 75‐year‐old man caused by Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, a fungus which is endemic in Australia and an important cause of infection in the immunocompetent This is the first case described of a primary cutaneous infection due to Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii The interesting ecology of this organism is discussed.
Cutaneous myiasis in a traveller returning from Africa
Authors: Ng Seng Onn Clinton , Yates Maria
Published: June 2007

Cutaneous myiasis is seen in travellers returning from the tropics. The flies commonly involved are Cordylobia arthropophaga and Dermatobia hominis. Humans become infected by contact with eggs laid by the female fly on soil or contaminated clothing. The clinical presentation is boil‐like skin lesions. Treatment involves asphyxiation of larvae forcing emergence, application of toxic agents or surgical removal.
Allergic contact dermatitis to 1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐one in the carpet industry
Authors: Taran John M , Delaney Thomas A
Published: June 2007

The compound 1,2‐benzisothiazolin‐3‐one (BIT) is the active ingredient in Proxel® GXL a commonly used preservative in many industries. The present case report identifies the carpet industry as an additional source of occupational allergic contact dermatitis to BIT.
The use of monoclonal antibody stains in Mohs micrographic surgery
Authors: Salmon Robert M
Published: June 2007

The recent application of monoclonal antibody stains to Mohs micrographic surgery may lead to increased accuracy in the excision of certain difficult tumours. Immunohistoehemical techniques may also increase the range of tumours regularly treated by Mohs surgery. The concept is very much in its infancy, and controlled trials with long term follow‐up are required before the real worth of the process can be evaluated.
Contact allergy to chloroacetamide
Authors: Taran John M , Delaney Thomas A
Published: June 2007

Chloroacetamide is an uncommon skin care product allergen. A case of allergic contact dermatitis to this preservative is described in a patient who reacted to an underarm deodorant
Reconstruction of the upper lip with lip switch (Abbe flap reconstruction)
Authors: Hodgkinson Darryl J
Published: June 2007

The lip switch operation (Abbe) is useful for full thickness defects of the upper lip. Careful design of the flap with pedicle take‐down and inset of the flap after 2 weeks, leads to a predictably good reconstructive result. The flap is most useful for 30‐50% full thickness defects of the upper lip.
Descriptive epidemiology of acne vulgaris in the community
Authors: Stathakis Voula , Kilkenny Monique , Marks Robin
Published: June 2007

Acne is a common skin condition. No universally accepted standardized classification system for acne vulgaris exists, although there is a strong need for it Thus, the clinical definition of acne has been unclear in many studies. The reported prevalence of acne varies from 35 to over 90% of adolescents at some stage. In some studies the prevalence of comedones approaches 100% in both sexes during adolescence. The prevalence of acne varies between sexes and age groups, appearing earlier in females than in males, possibly reflecting the earlier onset of puberty. There is a greater severity of acne in males than in females in the late teens, which is compatible with androgens being a potent stimulus to sebum secretion. The prevalence of acne at a given age has been shown to be highly dependent on the degree of sexual maturity. Acne commonly shows a premenstrual increase in women. Some studies have detected seasonal variability in acne vulgaris, with the colder months associated with exacerbation and the warmer months showing improvement. Other studies have not confirmed these findings. Several studies that have investigated the psychosocial impact of acne have had conflicting results. The prevalence of severe acne has decreased over the past 20 years due to improved treatment. The general prevalence figure for acne may be confounded by treatment and this factor needs to be accounted for when collecting data.
Oesophageal involvement in cicatricial pemphigoid
Authors: Warren Lachlan J , Wojnarowska Fenella , Wilkinson John D
Published: June 2007

Four cases of cicatricial pemphigoid complicated by oesophageal involvement are presented. All patients suffered dysphagia but repeated radiological studies were required for confirmation of oesophageal ulceration, webs and strictures. A combination of systemic drug therapy and oesophageal dilatation were necessary for the suppression of symptoms. The clinical and immunopathological features, management and complications of oesophageal involvement in cicatricial pemphigoid are discussed. Dermatologists should be aware of these features and make regular inquiries about swallowing difficulties in patients with cicatricial pemphigoid to guide appropriate investigations and treatment
Terra firma‐forme dermatosis
Authors: O'Brien Timothy J , Hall Anthony P
Published: June 2007

Terra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD) is a relatively common but usually unrecognized clinical problem. The cause is unknown. The changes usually occur on the neck in childhood as dirty brown patches that cannot be removed with soap but are easily removed with alcohol. Terra firma‐forme dermatosis may be mistaken for acanthosis nigricans.
Material safety data sheets and allergic contact dermatitis: A misleading case
Authors: Nixon Rosemary L
Published: June 2007

A 33‐year‐old welder had previously been identified with an allergy to epoxy resin. When the cause of his recurrent skin eruption was being investigated, it was found that the putty he was using at work contained epoxy resin, which was not listed on the material safety data sheet.
Dermal connective tissue metabolism in photoageing
Authors: Miyachi Yoshiki , Ishikawa Osamu
Published: June 2007

The term photoageing describes the clinical and histological cutaneous changes that are the consequence of repeated chronic sun exposures and are qualitatively different from those observed in chronological ageing. The connective tissue of the skin is composed mainly of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and elastin and, thus, alterations of these components in photoageing are briefly reviewed in the present article. Collagen changes in photoageing are partly explained by crosslinks as well as the unbalanced regulation of collagen production and breakdown. Some visible skin changes can be induced by the consequence of dermal glycosaminoglycans, because the total amount, as well as the composition of the main disaccharide units, is significantly altered in the exposed sites of both aged people and photoaged mice. As for the mechanism of solar elastosis, increased elastin mRNA levels resulting from transcriptional up‐regulation of the gene have been reported. Taken together, all components of the dermal connective tissue are affected by chronic actinic damage; however, further in vitro investigation is required to unmask the exact events in photoageing. With regard to this, our novel three‐dimensional culture system should be of great help because it mimics the in vivo condition by sell producing the extracellular matrices.
Hypertrophic lichen planus mimicking squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tan Ernest , Malik Rita , Quirk Christopher J
Published: June 2007

An 87‐year‐old female presented with a 3 month history of hyperkeratotic nodules on her left shin. An initial clinical and histological diagnosis of multiple squamous cell carcinomas on the left shin was made. Review of the biopsy, however, showed hypertrophic lichen planus with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. Typical lichen planus was seen affecting the oral mucosa, nails and skin elsewhere.
Allergic contact dermatitis from azo dyes
Authors: Su John C , Horton Jeremy J
Published: June 2007

Contact allergy to textile dyes usually occurs with disperse dyes of the azo or anthraquinone groups. A case is reported of a woman with clinical features of contact allergy to coloured nylon stockings who had multiple sensitivities to dyes of different azo groups.
Intralesional bleomycin
Authors: Dyall‐Smith Delwyn
Published: June 2007

The use of intralesional bleomycin to treat Bowen's disease of the palm affection a motor mechanic is presented. Bleomucin in 1% lignocaine was injected at 3‐6 week intervals showed no local recurrence and no long‐ term Adverse events.
Botulinum toxin for the correction of hyperkinetic facial lines
Authors: Goodman Greg
Published: June 2007

The present article illustrates the elects of low dose botulinum toxin (BTx) injections For the improvement of hyperkinetic fecial lines and presents a grading treatment chart designed to standardize the reporting of the improvement seen. A questionnaire of patient acceptance, the patients' impression of therapy and short‐term results and complications are reported. Twelve patient with 26 injected‐paired regions were charted and the response to injection was graded. Patients had hyperkinetic Facia lines in glabella, periorbital regions or horizontal Forehead lines. Diluted BTx type A (1 IU/0.1.ml.) was injected and patients were assessed at 10 days. A second follow up injection was offered So patients at this stage if required. Objectively, all patients' hyperkinetic actions and lines improved or diminished. The degree of improvement was similar in all areas injected and a symmetry of results was always observed. In a minority of cases, all movement was lost (7/26) and in others it was weakened but present (19/26). In some injected areas the actual expression line that was visible at rest disappeared entirely (11/26); in the others it was diminished (15/26). Complications were Few. Two patients had temporary‐brow ptosis that spontaneously recovered within the first week. No eyelid ptosis was noted. Bruising arid headaches were the most common reported complications. I. Low dose BTx is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for hyperkinetic facial lines with few significant complications in this small pilot study. The grading chart may allow easier comparisons of results between studies on the effects of BTx therapy.
Brachioradial pruritus and cervical spine manipulation
Authors: Tait Clare P , Grigg Edward , Quirk Christopher J
Published: June 2007

Brachioradial pruritus (BRP) causes significant morbidity in the majority of patients for whom no effective treatment is found. Chronic ultraviolet radiation exposure has usually been cited as the cause, but nerve damage from cervical spine disease has also been implicated. We report on a small retrospective exploratory study, conducted by questionnaire, of a group of patients who were treated with a specific cervical spine manipulation. Ten of 14 patients reported resolution of symptoms following manipulative treatment. All six patients who had had previous cervical spine disease responded to manipulation, as did half the remaining eight patients who had no previous history of neck symptoms. Although patients with BRP, by definition, share similar symptoms, the aetiology is almost certainly multifactorial. Prospective studies looking for cervical spine disease, as well as assessment of this particular method of cervical spine manipulation as a treatment modality for BRP, should be considered.
Mycobacterium marinum: Chronic and extensive infections of the lower limbs in South Pacific Islanders
Authors: Lee Michael W , Brenan John
Published: June 2007

We report three adult cases of very chronic, extensive Infection of the lower limbs due to Mycobacterium marinum.The patients were from South Pacific islands and, clinically, the widespread warty plaques resembled chromomycosis. One was associated with severe lymphoedema All three patients gave a history of at least 20 years duration. The patients were otherwise well and not Immunologically compromised. In all eases, the organism was identified on tissue cultures and was not seen on histopathology.The mycobacteria were sensitive to most antibiotics tested in vitro. The patients were treated with a combination of rifampicin and cotrimoxazole with good results.
Benign lichenoid keratosis due to constant pressure
Authors: Ramesh V , Kulkarni SB , Misra KS
Published: June 2007

Two well‐circumscribed keratotic plaques in an elderly man, one each on symmetrically. identical over the sides of the buttocks, are described. Clinical and histopathological features supported the diagnosis of benign lichenoid keratosis, which had probably resulted from constant pressure over the site and regressed when this factor was eliminated.
Novelty shop ‘itching powder’
Authors: Albert Michael R
Published: June 2007

To evaluate causes of Itch, commercial ‘itching; powders’ were sought for evaluation. Only one product, produced in Germany and consisting of ground rose hips, is currently sold in novelty shops in the Boston area. These plant fibres appear to provoke itch and prickle sensations by non‐allergic mechanical stimulation, similar to the action of wool fibres.
Tea tree oil allergy: What is the offending agent? Report of three cases of tea tree oil allergy and review of the literature
Authors: Rubel Diana M , Freeman Susanne , Southwell Ian A
Published: June 2007

Tea tree oil is currently enjoying popularity as a cureall for a variety of skin conditions, from infections to psoriasis, and many household and personal products containing Melaleuca oil are available. However, despite its chemical complexities and enthusiastic use, there have been only a few reports of allergic reactions lo lea tree oil. At the Skin and Cancer Foundation (Sydney, NSW, Australia), three of 28 normal volunteers tested strongly positive to patch testing with tea tree oil. Following farther patch testing with tea tree oil constituents, all three patients reacted strongly to two preparations containing sesquiterpenoid fractions of the oil. Because patients often neglect to mention that they have used “natural” remedies, it is important that physicians are aware of the potential adverse effects of these products. Furthermore, identification of the allergenic ingredients in lea tree oil may assist the growing industry to produce safer products.
Pyogenic granuloma‐like lesions in a patient using topical tretinoin
Authors: MacKenzie‐Wood Andrew R , Wood Glenda
Published: June 2007

A 16‐year‐old male developed numerous pyogenic granuloma like‐lesions across his neck, chest and back after 6 weeks isotretinoin therapy for cystic acne. The isotretinoin was ceased and he was commenced on oral steroids. After 6 weeks, the lesions were almost completely healed. However, due to worsening comedonal acne, the patient was commenced on topical tretinoin cream 0.03% twice daily to his chest. He was reviewed 2 weeks later and, surprisingly, 2 new pyogenic granuloma‐like lesions had developed on his chest. These lesions persisted until the topical tretinoin was ceased 3 months later.
Three cases of verrucous carcinoma
Authors: Dogan Gursoy , Oram Yasemin , Hazneci Ersoy , Özen Suleyman , Karincaoǧlu Yelda , Ciralik Harun
Published: June 2007

Verrucous carcinoma of the skin and mucosa is an uncommon clinicopathological variant of low grade squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we present three different clinical types of verrucous carcinoma. The first patient presented with an anogenitial verrucous carcinoma, also known as Buschke‐Loewenstein tumour. The second patient had verrucous carcinoma of the heel with endophytic growth (i.e. epithelioma cuniculatum) and the third patient had gluteal verrucous carcinoma with a cauliflower‐like appearance. Clinically, the lesion of the first patient best resembled giant condyloma accuminatum without any prominent verrucous component, whereas the second patient showed a big deep ulcer on the heel. None of the patients had metastasis. The diagnosis was confirmed with biopsy and total excision was performed in all cases. Although the cases have different clinical presentations in different locations, we think that they should be considered as a single entity: that is, verrucous carcinoma.
Cicatricial pemphigoid rarely involves the scalp
Authors: Ball Sally , Walkden Valerie , Wojnarowska Fenella
Published: June 2007

We present a case of cicatricial pemphigoid with significant scarring alopecia as a major manifestation and review our series of cicatricial pemphigoid patients in Oxford (UK). Only lour of 54 patients had scarring alopecia of the scalp. While rare, this manifestation poses a difficult management problem; patients find this cosmetically distressing and there are no successful treatments available to date.
Primary cutaneous B cell lymphoma: Outcomes and treatment
Authors: Wong Kenneth C , Weller Paul A
Published: June 2007

This retrospective study documents six patients with primary cutaneous follicular centre cell lymphoma (FCCL) of the head and trunk. The hack was the most common site of presentation of the primary. Despite a good response to initial therapy, cutaneous relapses were common and one patient developed lymph node metastases. Intralesional steroids may be effective in controlling localized skin relapses of this B cell lymphoma. All patients are currently alive with two surviving over 5 years.
Topical eucalyptus oil poisoning
Authors: Darben Troy , Cominos Belle , Lee CT
Published: June 2007

Eucalyptus oil is well documented as being extremely toxic if ingested. We report a case of systemic eucalyptus oil toxicity from topical application. A 6‐year‐old girl presented with slurred speech, ataxia and muscle weakness progessing to unconsciousness following the widespread applicantion of a home remedy for urticaria containing eucalyptus oil. Six hours following removal of the topical preparation her symoptoms had resolved, with no long‐term sequelae.
A possible sympathetic cholinergic mechanism in the renal reflex elicited by stimulation of abdominal viscera in the dog
Authors: Liang C. C.
Published: June 2007

1. Isolated blood‐bathed tissues which were superfused with renal venous blood during various manipulations of the visceral organs of dogs showed no detectable pharmacologically active substances, except a noradrenaline‐like substance which was liberated under some conditions of manipulation.

2. An acetylcholine‐like substance was liberated into renal venous blood during experimental manipulation of visceral organs in dogs during infusion of physostigmine; the acetylcholine activity was detected with the dorsal muscle of the leech.

3. The amount of liberated acetylcholine‐like substance depended on the strength of visceral stimulation as judged by the changes in the hepatic portal venous pressure. Strong reflex stimulation produced the release not only of acetylcholine but also of noradrenaline.

4. Physostigmine augmented and prolonged the reflexly induced renal vasodilator and diuretic responses, and these were abolished by atropine. It was suggested that the reflex involves a cholinergic nervous mechanism.

5. In some dogs there was a high output of acetylcholine from the kidney during visceral stimulation, and this was accompanied by a decrease in urine flow. The reason was not known.

6. Prostaglandin E1 administered into the renal artery produced similar vasodilator and diuretic responses to acetylcholine, but the onset of the effects were slower and they persisted longer than those produced by acetylcholine.
The effect of chronic cardiac volume overload on regional myocardial blood flow in the dog
Authors: Hodge Andrew J. , Lloyd Brian L. , Wyburn John R. , Taylor Roger R.
Published: June 2007

1. Regional myocardial blood flow was studied in the anaesthetized, open‐chest dog with a large chronic aorto‐caval fistula, using carbonized microspheres of 7–10 μm diameter. The results from fourteen dogs with fistulae of 4–84 days duration were compared to those from nine normal animals.

2. Myocardial blood flow to all areas of both ventricles was increased to between 180 and 250% of the normal despite lower aortic diastolic (coronary diastolic) pressure. Myocardial blood flow in the right ventricle was lower than in the left in both groups of dogs although the increase above normal in dogs with fistulae was relatively greater in the right ventricle. Increased myocardial blood flow is attributed to coronary autoregulation resulting from increased myocardial oxygen consumption due to increase in myocardial tension development.

3. Although absolute blood flow to the inner left ventricular wall was markedly increased in all dogs with fistulae, in those with aortic diastolic pressure below 55 mmHg the ratio of flow in the inner to that in the outer free left ventricular wall was significantly less than in those with aortic diastolic pressure above 55 mmHg (P < 0·02). Low aortic diastolic pressure and diastolic coronary perfusion pressure probably resulted in relative ischaemia of the inner left ventricular wall.
Effect of equivalent antihypertensive doses of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide on serum electrolytes, uric acid and glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients
Authors: Waal‐Manning Hendrika J.
Published: June 2007

1. A comparative cross‐over trial of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide, each drug being given for 6 weeks, was conducted on thirty hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance. Other antihypertensive therapy, any antidiabetic therapy and potassium supplementation were kept constant throughout the trial. Dosages of mefruside and cyclopenthiazide were adjusted to give approximately equal blood pressure levels in the two drug periods.

2. There was no significant difference in the following parameters studied during the sixth week of each of the two periods of drug therapy: serum electrolytes, total CO2, chloride, urea, amylase, haemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, platelet and white blood cell counts, lying and standing blood pressure and pulse rate, weight, fasting and 2‐h glucose and insulin levels and five‐value glucose and insulin curve areas, fasting calcium and phosphate.

3. Serum creatinine and uric acid showed a small but significant fall during mefruside therapy.
Clearance from the circulation of the rat and whole‐body autoradiography in the mouse of 125I‐labelled neurophysins
Authors: Morris B. J. , Cross Shirley A. M. , Johnston C. I.
Published: June 2007

1. The rate of clearance of 125I‐labelled porcine neurophysins I and II from the circulation of the rat has an initial fast component followed by a slower component.

2. In the initial phase of clearance the half‐life of neurophysin I was 1·50 min (s.e.m. = 0%%03) and for neurophysin II was 1·74 min (s.e.m. = 0·05). In the slower phase of clearance the half‐life of neurophysin I was 22·6 min (s.e.m. = 2·2) and for neurophysin II was 27·3 min (s.e.m. = 5·8).

3. The first component had a volume of distribution similar to the blood volume and the second component had a volume of distribution similar to the volume of extracellular fluid of the rat.

4. The metabolic clearance rates per 200 g of body weight were 1·94 ml/min (s.e.m. = 0·12) for neurophysin I and 1·29 ml/min (s.e.m. = 0·15) for neurophysin II.

5. Using whole‐body autoradiography, the kidney was shown to be the major site of uptake of radioactivity in both virgin female and lactating mice.
Potentiation of antinociceptive action of morphine by prostaglandin E1 in albino rats
Authors: Bhattacharya S. K. , Reddy P. K. S. P. , Debnath P. K. , Sanyal A. K.
Published: June 2007

1. Prostaglandin E1 (0·4 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly potentiated the antinociceptive action of morphine in albino rats.

2. This potentiation was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with reserpine, p‐chlorophenylalanine or methysergide but not by α‐methyl‐p‐yrosine, phentolamine or propranolol.

3. The results suggest that the potentiation of morphine by prostaglandin E1 is mediated by serotonin, since it is inhibited by pharmacological agents known to reduce central turnover of serotonin receptors.
Some pharmacological effects of δ‐aminolaevulinic acid on blood pressure in the rat and on rabbit isolated ear arteries
Authors: McGillion F. B. , Moore M. R. , Goldberg A.
Published: June 2007

1. The effects of δ‐aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) have been examined on the blood pressure of anaesthetized rats and pithed rats and on the perfusion pressure in isolated preparations of the rabbit ear artery.

2. ALA has a hypotensive effect in both anaesthetized and pithed rats.

3. In anaesthetized rats, the hypotensive response was produced with either continuous infusion or single injections of ALA, and was not blocked by hexamethonium, propanolol, phentolamine, atropine or mepyramine.

4. In the pithed rat, ALA had no effect on the pressor response to nicotine.

5. The hypotensive response to ALA could be counteracted by the pressor effect of adrenaline or noradrenaline. In pithed rats, the pressor response of vasopressin was reduced by ALA.

6. Vasoconstrictor response of the isolated perfused rabbit ear artery to noradrenaline and sympathetic nerve stimulation were usually not affected by ALA, but in a few experiments they were increased. ALA produced an increase in perfusion pressure in a few experiments.

7. Since ALA appears to cause an increase in capillary permeability, it is probable that the hypotensive effect is associated with capillary dilatation.