bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Microstructure Homogenization of a Laser Melting Deposition Additive Manufactured Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si Alloy by Electropulsing
Authors: Ben Dandan , Yang Huajie , Gao Jiabao , Yang Bingyu , Dong Yu’ang , Liu Xiangyu , Wang Xuegang , Duan Qiqiang , Zhang Peng , Zhang Zhefeng
Published: October 2022

The typical microstructure of the laser melting deposition (LMD) additive-manufactured Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si alloy (TC11) contains the heat-affected bands (HABs), the narrow bands (NBs) and the melting pools (MPs) that formed due to the reheating and superheating effects during the layer-by-layer manufacturing process. Characterization results indicated that the coarse primary α lath (αp) and transformed β (βt) structures were located in the HABs, while the fine basketweave structure was formed inside the MPs. The rapid modifications of microstructure and tensile properties of the LMD-TC11 via electropulsing treatment (EPT) were investigated. The initial heterogeneous microstructure transformed into a complete basketweave structure and the HABs vanished after EPT. Thus, a more homogeneous microstructure was achieved in the EPT sample. The ultrafast microstructural changes were mainly attributed to the solid state phase transformation during electropulsing. The tensile properties of the sample were basically stable, except that the yield strength decreased as EPT voltage increased. This study suggests that EPT could be a promising method to modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of the additive-manufactured alloys in a very short time.
A Review on Heat Treatment of Cast Iron: Phase Evolution and Mechanical Characterization
Authors: Akinribide Ojo Jeremiah , Ogundare Olasupo Daniel , Oluwafemi Olanike Mary , Ebisike Kelechi , Nageri Abdulganiyu Kehinde , Akinwamide Samuel Olukayode , Gamaoun Fehmi , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: October 2022

The isothermal heat treatment process has been identified as a unique process of fabricating exceptional graphite cast iron due to its remarkable mechanical properties, such as excellent machinability, toughness, and high level of ultimate tensile strength. Austempered ductile iron (ADI), ductile iron (DI), and gray cast iron (GCI), known as spheroidal cast irons, are viable alternative materials compared to traditional steel casting, as well as aluminum casting. The graphite nodules from the microstructures of DI, ADI, and GCI are consistently encompassed by acicular ferrite and carbon-saturated austenite in the matrix, forming a distinctive ausferritic structure. All these materials are extensively used in the fabrication of engine sleeves, engine blocks, valves, gears, and camshafts in the automobile sector. With relative motion and outward loads, these components are regularly exposed to surface contact. In this project, it was observed that austempering temperature and a shorter holding period could also be used to manufacture needle-like ferrite platelets for austempered ductile iron (ADI) and other graphite cast irons. To overcome the brittleness challenges and catastrophic failures encountered by applied loads in present-day applications, it is essential to comprehend the isothermal treatments, morphological behaviors, phase analyses, processing techniques, and mechanical properties needed to properly incorporate these materials into future designs. This review article provides detailed information on the characterization and relevant potential mechanisms of ADI, DI, and GCI.
Aspects and Principles of Material Connections in Restorative Dentistry—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Raszewski Zbigniew , Brząkalski Dariusz , Derpeński Łukasz , Jałbrzykowski Marek , Przekop Robert E.
Published: October 2022

The combination of two dissimilar materials has always been a serious problem in dentistry. In order to meet this challenge, it is necessary to combine both chemical methods (treatment with silanes, (meth)acrylic functional monomers) and the development of the surface of the joined material in a physical way, e.g., by sandblasting with alumina, alumina with silica, acid etching, the use of lasers and other means. The purpose of this literature review is to present all methods of joining dental composites with other materials such as ceramics, metal, another composite material. This review covers articles published within the period 2012–2022 in journals indexed in the PubMed database, written in English and describing joining different dental materials to each other. All the critical steps of new joint preparation have been addressed, including proper cleaning of the joint surface, the application of appropriate primers capable of forming a chemical bond between ceramics, zirconium oxide or metals and alloys, and finally, the application of new composite materials.
An Aminopyrimidone and Aminoimidazoles Alkaloids from the Rodrigues Calcareous Marine Sponge Ernsta naturalis
Authors: Campos Pierre-Eric , Herbette Gaëtan , Fougère Laetitia , Clerc Patricia , Tintillier Florent , de Voogd Nicole J. , Le Goff Géraldine , Ouazzani Jamal , Gauvin-Bialecki Anne
Published: October 2022

A chemical study of the CH2Cl2−MeOH (1:1) extract from the sponge Ernsta naturalis collected in Rodrigues (Mauritius) based on a molecular networking dereplication strategy highlighted one novel aminopyrimidone alkaloid compound, ernstine A (1), seven new aminoimidazole alkaloid compounds, phorbatopsins D–E (2, 3), calcaridine C (4), naamines H–I (5, 7), naamidines J–K (6, 8), along with the known thymidine (9). Their structures were established by spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR spectra and HRESIMS data). To improve the investigation of this unstudied calcareous marine sponge, a metabolomic study by molecular networking was conducted. The isolated molecules are distributed in two clusters of interest. Naamine and naamidine derivatives are grouped together with ernstine in the first cluster of twenty-three molecules. Phorbatopsin derivatives and calcaridine C are grouped together in a cluster of twenty-one molecules. Interpretation of the MS/MS spectra of other compounds of these clusters with structural features close to the isolated ones allowed us to propose a structural hypothesis for 16 compounds, 5 known and 11 potentially new.
Fucoidans of Brown Algae: Comparison of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum
Authors: Usov Anatolii I. , Bilan Maria I. , Ustyuzhanina Nadezhda E. , Nifantiev Nikolay E.
Published: October 2022

Preparations of sulfated polysaccharides obtained from brown algae are known as fucoidans. These biopolymers have attracted considerable attention due to many biological activities which may find practical applications. Two Atlantic representatives of Phaeophyceae, namely, Fucus vesiculosus and Ascophyllum nodosum, belonging to the same order Fucales, are popular sources of commercial fucoidans, which often regarded as very similar in chemical composition and biological actions. Nevertheless, these two fucoidan preparations are polysaccharide mixtures which differ considerably in amount and chemical nature of components, and hence, this circumstance should be taken into account in the investigation of their biological properties and structure–activity relationships. In spite of these differences, fractions with carefully characterized structures prepared from both fucoidans may have valuable applications in drug development.
The Effect of C/Si Ratio and Fluorine Doping on the Gas Permeation Properties of Pendant-Type and Bridged-Type Organosilica Membranes
Authors: Rana Ikram , Nagaoka Takahiro , Nagasawa Hiroki , Tsuru Toshinori , Kanezashi Masakoto
Published: October 2022

A series of pendant–type alkoxysilane structures with various carbon numbers (C1–C8) were used to fabricate sol–gel derived organosilica membranes to evaluate the effects of the C/Si ratio and fluorine doping. Initially, this investigation was focused on the effect that carbon-linking (pendant–type) units exert on a microporous structure and how this affects the gas-permeation properties of pendant–type organosilica membranes. Gas permeation results were compared with those of bridged–type organosilica membranes (C1–C8). Network pore size evaluation was conducted based on the selectivity of H2/N2 and the activation energy (Ep) of H2 permeation. Consequently, Ep (H2) was increased as the C/Si ratio increased from C1 to C8, which could have been due to the aggregation of pendant side chains that occupied the available micropore channel space and resulted in the reduced pore size. By comparison, these permeation results indicate that pendant–type organosilica membranes showed a somewhat loose network structure in comparison with bridged–type organosilica membranes by following the lower values of activation energies (Ep). Subsequently, we also evaluated the effect that fluorine doping (NH4F) exerts on pendant−type [methytriethoxysilane (MTES), propyltrimethoxysilane (PTMS)] and bridged-type [1,2–bis(triethoxysilyl)methane (BTESM) bis(triethoxysilyl)propane (BTESP)] organosilica structures with similar carbon numbers (C1 and C3). The gas-permeation properties of F–doped pendant network structures revealed values for pore size, H2/N2 selectivity, and Ep (H2) that were comparable to those of pristine organosilica membranes. This could be ascribed to the pendant side chains, which might have hindered the effectiveness of fluorine in pendant–type organosilica structures. The F–doped bridged–type organosilica (BTESM and BTESP) membranes, on the other hand, exhibited a looser network formation as the fluorine concentration increased.
Hollow Fiber Membrane for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration: A Mini Review
Authors: Liu Liyang , Liu Shaoxiao , Wang Enlin , Su Baowei
Published: October 2022

Organic solvents take up 80% of the total chemicals used in pharmaceutical and related industries, while their reuse rate is less than 50%. Traditional solvent treatment methods such as distillation and evaporation have many disadvantages such as high cost, environmental unfriendliness, and difficulty in recovering heat-sensitive, high-value molecules. Organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) has been a prevalent research topic for the separation and purification of organic solvent systems since the beginning of this century with the benefits of no-phase change, high operational flexibility, low cost, as well as environmental friendliness. Especially, hollow fiber (HF) OSN membranes have gained a lot of attention due to their high packing density and easy scale-up as compared with flat-sheet OSN membranes. This paper critically reviewed the recent research progress in the preparation of HF OSN membranes with high performance, including different materials, preparation methods, and modification treatments. This paper also predicts the future direction of HF OSN membrane development.
Mechanism Study of the Effect of Selective Laser Melting Energy Density on the Microstructure and Properties of Formed Renewable Porous Bone Scaffolds
Authors: Zhang Sen , Xu Shubo , Pan Yuefei , Li Jianing , Li Tingting
Published: October 2022

To investigate the effect of selective laser melting (SLM) energy densities on the performance of porous 316L stainless steel bone scaffolds, the porous bone scaffolds with a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure were prepared using SLM technology, and a comprehensive study combining finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments was conducted on the SLM-formed 316L porous bone scaffolds. The mechanism of how various energy densities affect bone scaffolds were identified, and the effects of different energy densities on the primary dendrite spacing, grain orientation, residual stress, and transient melt pool variation in the scaffolds were discussed and summarized. It was found that the change in the energy densities had a more serious effect on the primary dendrite spacing, with the primary dendrite spacing increasing from 320 to 501 nm when the energy densities were increased from 41.7 to 111.1 J/mm3. In addition, analysis of the residual stress in the formed scaffolds showed that when an energy density of 41.7 J/mm3 was chosen for construction, the internal residual stress in the scaffolds reached a minimum value of 195.78 MPa, a reduction of approximately 36.6% compared to that of 111.1 J/mm3 for the porous scaffold. For the other properties of the scaffolds, the choice of low energy densities for the construction of FCC-structured porous bone scaffolds allowed for a maximum 10% reduction in the controlled deformation and a maximum 17% increase in the compressive properties. At the same time, it was found that the analysis results of the SLM-forming process by the FEA method were consistent with the experimental results. The main innovation of this paper is the proposal of the best construction parameters for porous bone scaffolds with an FCC structure formed by SLM and verification of the rationality of the best parameters through macro and micro experimental analysis, which guides the construction of porous bone scaffolds with an FCC structure formed by additive manufacturing. In addition, this study used finite element simulation to analyze the SLM process. This provides early prediction, optimization, and improvement for SLM-forming FCC porous bone scaffolds. The most important thing is that FEA can be used to more rapidly and economically analyze SLM. In the future, FEA can be used to provide a reference for porous bone scaffolds with different structures, different construction energy densities, different materials, and additive manufacturing in other industries.
Method of W-Ni-Fe Composite Spherical Powder Production and the Possibility of Its Application in Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: Gryaznov Mikhail , Samokhin Andrey , Chuvildeev Vladimir , Fadeev Andrey , Alekseev Nikolay , Shotin Sergey , Dorofeev Aleksey , Zavertyaev Ilya
Published: October 2022

For the first time, a powder of W-5Ni-2Fe composition with spherical particles from 15 to 50 microns and a tungsten grain size from 0.5 to 3 microns was obtained using a new technological approach, developed by the authors, based on plasma spheroidization of powder granules made from nanoparticles synthesized in a plasma chemical process. The possibility of using the obtained spheroidized powder W-5Ni-2Fe in the process of selective laser melting (SLM) has been proved. The microstructure, physical, and mechanical characteristics of experimental samples made using SLM technology from the produced W-5Ni-2Fe powder have been studied. The results of the performed studies have shown that the microstructure of experimental samples is extremely dependent on the parameters of the SLM process. The precise choice of the SLM process mode made it possible to obtain a homogeneous structure of experimental samples of tungsten heavy alloy (WHA), with a tungsten grain size of about 1–2 microns, which is much smaller than the tungsten grain size in traditional heavy alloys. This creates prerequisites for increasing the strength characteristics of parts of complex shapes made by the SLM method from such powders. The maximum values of density and hardness of experimental samples obtained in the conducted studies are not worse than the values of samples obtained using traditional liquid-phase sintering technology. It is determined that the main problem of SLM powder W-5Ni-2Fe during investigation is the heterogeneity of the microstructure of massive samples and the formation of micropores and microcracks.
The Beneficial Effect of a Healthy Dietary Pattern on Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Related Metabolic Abnormalities in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials and Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Lili , Wu Lifen , Qian Chunya , Ju Yang , Liu Ting , Chen Yushan , Wang Xiaohua
Published: October 2022

Metabolic abnormalities as side effects of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) can accelerate progression of prostate cancer (PCa) and increase risks of cardiovascular diseases. A healthy dietary pattern (DP) plays an important role in regulating glycolipid metabolism, while evidence about DP on ADT-related metabolic abnormalities is still controversial. To explore the effect of DP on metabolic outcomes in PCa patients with ADT, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and CINAHL were searched from inception to 10 September 2022. Risk of biases was evaluated through Cochrane Collaboration’s Tool. If heterogeneity was low, the fixed-effects model was carried out; otherwise, the random-effects model was used. Data were determined by calculating mean difference (MD) or standardized MD (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nine studies involving 421 patients were included. The results showed that healthy DP significantly improved glycated hemoglobin (MD: −0.13; 95% CI: −0.24, −0.02; p = 0.020), body mass index (MD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.29, −0.75; p < 0.001), body fat mass (MD: −1.78; 95% CI: −2.58, −0.97; p < 0.001), triglyceride (MD: −0.28; 95% CI: −0.51, −0.04; p = 0.020), systolic blood pressure (MD: −6.30; 95% CI: −11.15, −1.44; p = 0.010), and diastolic blood pressure (MD: −2.94; 95% CI: −5.63, −0.25; p = 0.030), although its beneficial effects on other glycolipid metabolic indicators were not found. Additionally, a healthy DP also lowered the level of PSA (MD: −1.79; 95% CI: −2.25, −1.33; p < 0.001). The meta-analysis demonstrated that a healthy DP could improve ADT-related metabolic abnormalities and be worthy of being recommended for PCa patients with ADT.
Stability Influencing Factors and Control Methods of Residual Coal Pillars with Solid Waste Materials Backfilling Method
Authors: Ning Shan , Lou Jinfu , Wang Laolao , Yu Dan , Zhu Weibing
Published: October 2022

Affected by coal mining activities, the remaining coal pillars are very likely to be destabilized and cause safety accidents. The backfilling of the remaining goaf can maintain the stability of the coal pillar well, but the coal pillar in the unfilled zone may still be unstable. In this paper, the effect of backfilling materials on coal pillars and the reinforcement method are discussed using numerical simulation, statistical mathematics, elastic mechanics, and mechanical test methods. The results show that: backfilling with solid waste materials and reinforcing the coal pillar could maintain the stability of the bottom goaf, where the backfill body height is the main factor in the strength of the coal pillar. The propagation of the confining stress of the backfill body on the pillar in the unfilled zone is the primary way to influence the coal pillar strength. Changing the backfill body height filling can affect the coal pillar strength. By analyzing the propagation law of confining stress in the coal pillar, the minimum backfill body height is determined to be 7 m. Combined with mechanical tests and the Mohr–Coulomb criterion, the minimum confining pressure required to maintain the coal pillar stability under the peak ground pressure is analyzed. The ratio of solid waste materials is determined based on this. Field tests have proved that the coal pillar remains stable when the goaf is not filled, and the cement/fly ash ratio is 1:4, which can ensure product safety. The research has significant value and significance for the governance of the remaining coal pillars and production safety.
Effect of Post-Annealing on Barrier Modulations in Pd/IGZO/SiO2/p+-Si Memristors
Authors: Kim Donguk , Lee Hee Jun , Yang Tae Jun , Choi Woo Sik , Kim Changwook , Choi Sung-Jin , Bae Jong-Ho , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Sungjun , Kim Dae Hwan
Published: October 2022

In this article, we study the post-annealing effect on the synaptic characteristics in Pd/IGZO/SiO2/p+-Si memristor devices. The O-H bond in IGZO films affects the switching characteristics that can be controlled by the annealing process. We propose a switching model based on using a native oxide as the Schottky barrier. The barrier height is extracted by the conduction mechanism of thermionic emission in samples with different annealing temperatures. Additionally, the change in conductance is explained by an energy band diagram including trap models. The activation energy is obtained by the depression curve of the samples with different annealing temperatures to better understand the switching mechanism. Moreover, our results reveal that the annealing temperature and retention can affect the linearity of potentiation and depression. Finally, we investigate the effect of the annealing temperature on the recognition rate of MNIST in the proposed neural network.
Advances in Matrix-Supported Palladium Nanocatalysts for Water Treatment
Authors: Wang Wenhu , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Mukhopadhyay Sharmila M.
Published: October 2022

Advanced catalysts are crucial for a wide range of chemical, pharmaceutical, energy, and environmental applications. They can reduce energy barriers and increase reaction rates for desirable transformations, making many critical large-scale processes feasible, eco-friendly, energy-efficient, and affordable. Advances in nanotechnology have ushered in a new era for heterogeneous catalysis. Nanoscale catalytic materials are known to surpass their conventional macro-sized counterparts in performance and precision, owing it to their ultra-high surface activities and unique size-dependent quantum properties. In water treatment, nanocatalysts can offer significant promise for novel and ecofriendly pollutant degradation technologies that can be tailored for customer-specific needs. In particular, nano-palladium catalysts have shown promise in degrading larger molecules, making them attractive for mitigating emerging contaminants. However, the applicability of nanomaterials, including nanocatalysts, in practical deployable and ecofriendly devices, is severely limited due to their easy proliferation into the service environment, which raises concerns of toxicity, material retrieval, reusability, and related cost and safety issues. To overcome this limitation, matrix-supported hybrid nanostructures, where nanocatalysts are integrated with other solids for stability and durability, can be employed. The interaction between the support and nanocatalysts becomes important in these materials and needs to be well investigated to better understand their physical, chemical, and catalytic behavior. This review paper presents an overview of recent studies on matrix-supported Pd-nanocatalysts and highlights some of the novel emerging concepts. The focus is on suitable approaches to integrate nanocatalysts in water treatment applications to mitigate emerging contaminants including halogenated molecules. The state-of-the-art supports for palladium nanocatalysts that can be deployed in water treatment systems are reviewed. In addition, research opportunities are emphasized to design robust, reusable, and ecofriendly nanocatalyst architecture.
Phosphorus-Rich Ruthenium Phosphide Embedded on a 3D Porous Dual-Doped Graphitic Carbon for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Anouar Aicha , Doménech-Carbó Antonio , Garcia Hermenegildo
Published: October 2022

Metal phosphides have recently emerged as promising electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we report the synthesis of ruthenium diphosphide embedded on a dual-doped graphitic carbon by pyrolyzing chitosan beads impregnated with ruthenium chloride and phosphorus pentoxide. The as-synthesized RuP2@N-P-C displays a good electrocatalytic activity in acidic, neutral and alkaline media. We show that the HER activity of the electrocatalyst can be tuned by varying the concentration of Li+ cations. Co-diffusion effects on H+ exerted by Li+ on HER in the porous carbon matrix have been observed.
Comparing Crop Yield, Secondary Metabolite Contents, and Antifungal Activity of Extracts of Helichrysum odoratissimum Cultivated in Aquaponic, Hydroponic, and Field Systems
Authors: Zantanta Nomnqophiso , Kambizi Learnmore , Etsassala Ninon G. E. R. , Nchu Felix
Published: October 2022

The overexploitation of wild plants for medicinal uses and conventional agricultural farming methods, which use high amounts of water, fertilizers, and pesticides, have had devastating environmental consequences. This study aimed to evaluate the prospects of using aquaponics and hydroponics as alternative approaches to soil cultivation by comparing the crop yields, secondary metabolite contents, and the antifungal activities of ethanol extracts of Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet, a widely used medicinal plant species in Southern Africa. Six-week-old H. odoratissimum seedlings were grown in aquaponic and hydroponic systems. The growth parameters, secondary metabolite contents, and antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum were assessed. The results for crop yield (plant height, fresh and dry weights) and the tissue nutrient contents did not change substantially (p > 0.05) between aquaponic and hydroponic treatments. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis showed that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were the most abundant compounds in H. odoratissimum; however, no statistical difference was observed among the field, hydroponic, and aquaponic plants (DF = 2; χ2 = 2.67; p > 0.05). While there was no significant difference in polyphenol contents among the three treatments, remarkably, the flavonol contents in the leaves varied significantly (DF = 2; χ2 = 6.23; p < 0.05) among the three treatments. A higher flavonol content occurred in leaves from the hydroponic system than in leaves from the aquaponic (p < 0.05) and field (p > 0.05) systems. The MIC results showed that the ethanolic extract of H. odoratissimum was fungistatic against F. oxysporum; however, this effect was more prominent in the ethanol extracts of plants grown in the aquaponic system, with a mean MIC value of 0.37 ± 0.00 mg/mL The key findings of this study are that aquaponically cultivated plants exhibited the best antifungal activity, while higher total flavonol contents occurred in the hydroponically cultivated plants. In conclusion, aquaponics and hydroponics performed better or similar to field cultivation and are viable alternative methods for cultivating H. odoratissimum plants.
Ocimum basilicum-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Induces Innate Immune Responses against Cucumber Mosaic Virus in Squash
Authors: Abdelkhalek Ahmed , El-Gendi Hamada , Alotibi Fatimah O. , Al-Askar Abdulaziz A. , Elbeaino Toufic , Behiry Said I. , Abd-Elsalam Kamel A. , Moawad Hassan
Published: October 2022

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) causes a significant threat to crop output sustainability and human nutrition worldwide, since it is one of the most prevalent plant viruses infecting most kinds of plants. Nowadays, different types of nanomaterials are applied as a control agent against different phytopathogens. However, their effects against viral infections are still limited. In the current study, the antiviral activities of the biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) mediated by aqueous extract of Ocimum basilicum against cucumber mosaic virus in squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) were investigated. The prepared Ag-NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta potential distribution techniques. DLS, SEM, and TEM analyses showed that the Ag-NPs were spherical, with sizes ranging from 26.3 to 83 nm with an average particle size of about 32.6 nm. FTIR identified different functional groups responsible for the capping and stability of Ag-NPs. The zeta potential was reported as being −11.1 mV. Under greenhouse conditions, foliar sprays of Ag-NPs (100 µg/mL) promoted growth, delayed disease symptom development, and significantly reduced CMV accumulation levels of treated plants compared to non-treated plants. Treatment with Ag-NPs 24 h before or after CMV infection reduced CMV accumulation levels by 92% and 86%, respectively. There was also a significant increase in total soluble carbohydrates, free radical scavenging activity, antioxidant enzymes (PPO, SOD, and POX), as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, systemic resistance was induced by significantly increasing the expression levels of pathogenesis-related genes (PR-1 and PR-5) and polyphenolic pathway genes (HCT and CHI). These findings suggest that Ag-NPs produced by O. basilicum could be used as an elicitor agent and as a control agent in the induction and management of plant viral infections.
Effects of Weak and Strong Drought Conditions on Physiological Stability of Flowering Soybean
Authors: Song Shuang , Qu Zhipeng , Zhou Xinyu , Wang Xiyue , Dong Shoukun
Published: October 2022

Soybean is an important food crop in the world. Drought can seriously affect the yield and quality of soybean; however, studies on extreme drought—weak and strong—are absent. In this study, drought-tolerant soybean Heinong 44 (HN44) and sensitive soybean Heinong 65 (HN65) were used as the test varieties, and the effects of strong and weak droughts on the physiological stability of soybean were explored through the drought treatment of soybean at the early flowering stage. The results showed that the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anions (O2·−) increased with the increase in the degree of drought. The plant height and relative water content decreased, and photosynthesis was inhibited. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. Through contribution analysis, CAT changed the most, and the role of SOD gradually increased with the aggravation of drought. With the aggravation of drought, the contents of soluble sugar (SSC) and proline (Pro) increased gradually, and the content of soluble protein (SP) increased initially and then decreased. According to contribution analysis, SSC had the highest contribution to osmotic adjustment. SSC and Pro showed an upward trend with the aggravation of drought, indicating that their role in drought was gradually enhanced.
Edible Wild Vegetables Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L.–Antioxidants Affected by Processing
Authors: Engelhardt Layla , Pöhnl Tobias , Neugart Susanne
Published: October 2022

Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L., also known as stinging nettle and ground elder, are edible wild green vegetables rich in bioactive and antioxidant polyphenols, vitamins, and minerals. Antioxidant activity assays (TEAC-, DPPH-, and TPC-assay) in combination with HPLC measurements, to qualify and quantify their chemical compositions, were used. Firstly, the drying methods affected the antioxidant activity of further processing stages, and outcomes were dependent on the species. Secondly, cooking increased the antioxidant activity due to higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, and released bound compounds through the rupture of cell structures. Furthermore, fridge storage (3 days at 7 °C) resulted in the lowest antioxidant activity, compared to freezer storage (30 days at −20 °C). Added 5-caffeoylquinic acid (0.3 mM) led to an increased antioxidant activity, most noticeably in freeze-dried samples. Synergistic effects of 5-caffeoylquinic acid were primary found in freeze-dried samples, analyzed fresh or after storage in the fridge. Metal-chelates can lower the antioxidant activity in plant matrices. Edible wild green vegetables are rich in polyphenols and processing can even increase their concentrations to boost the potential health effects. In general, selected quantified phenolics are not solely responsible for the antioxidant activity; minerals, processing, and interactions in plant matrices also contribute decisively.
The Utilization of Waste Toner as a Modifier in Trinidad Asphalts
Authors: Rambarran Shane , Maharaj Rean , Mohammed Sharona , Sangster Nadine
Published: October 2022

As more persons are adjusting to home working in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in the use of technology. Trinidad and Tobago, like many other Small Island Developing States, began exploring strategies in the areas of recycling and reuse techniques to mitigate negative environmental impacts from the disposal of waste toners. The reuse of waste toners as a performance enhancer in bituminous materials has successfully been achieved in foreign jurisdictions; however, the lack of research on the utilization of the indigenous Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) has stymied the application of this strategy locally. The influence of four waste toners (A, B, C, and D) on the rheological properties of an unmodified TLA/TPB paving binder was measured using the dynamic shear rheology (DSR) testing technique. The addition of waste toners noted improvements in the rheological parameters of stiffness, elasticity, and viscosity, exhibiting superior temperature susceptibility. Of great interest was the observation at 90 °C, where the modified paving binders containing 5% Toner C and 20% Toner D were elastically superior to the world-renowned TLA. This study demonstrated the potential of utilizing waste toner as a bitumen modifier, providing an innovative, sustainable disposal option.
TadGAN-Based Daily Color Temperature Cycle Generation Corresponding to Irregular Changes of Natural Light
Authors: Oh Seung-Taek , Ga Deog-Hyeon , Lim Jae-Hyun
Published: October 2022

This study to develop lighting is advanced for reproducing natural light color temperature beneficial to humans. Methods were introduced to provide daily color temperature cycles through formulas based on the measured natural light characteristics or real-time reproduction of natural light color temperature linking sensors. Analysis results for the measured natural light showed that irregular color temperature cycles were observed for more than 90% of the year due to the influence of regional weather and atmospheric conditions. Regular color temperature cycles were observed only on some clear days. The color temperature cycle dramatically affects the health of the occupants. However, since irregular color temperatures are difficult to predict and cannot easily generate cycles, only the color temperatures of some clear days are currently used, and the actual color temperature of natural light cannot be reproduced. There is little research on deriving real-time periodic characteristics and lighting services targeting irregular color temperatures of natural light. Therefore, this paper proposes a TadGAN (Time Series Anomaly Detection Using Generative Adversarial Networks)-based daily color temperature cycle generation method that responds to irregular changes in the natural light color temperature. A TadGAN model for generating the natural light color temperature cycle was built, and learning was performed based on the dataset extracted through the measured natural light characteristic Database. After that, the generator of TadGAN was repeatedly applied to generate a color temperature cycle close to the change of natural light. In the performance test of the proposed method, it was possible to generate periodic characteristics of the irregular natural light color temperature distribution.
Productivity Change in European Banks in the Post-Crisis Period
Authors: Laporšek Suzana , Trunk Aleš , Stubelj Igor
Published: October 2022

The paper analyses the productivity change of a balanced panel of 1915 European banks during the 2013–2018 post-crisis period. To study productivity changes, the paper applies the non-parametric output-oriented Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). The total productivity change estimated by the MPI is further decomposed into technical efficiency change and technological change. The overall MPI estimates show a modest increase in the productivity of banks in half of the EU countries. Further decomposition of the MPI indicates that the productivity growth was mainly a result of technological improvement, which was particularly high among the new EU member states, whereas there was a significant drop in technical efficiency. The productivity growth was higher among banks in the non-euro area and among savings banks. The practical implications drawn from the paper are that European banks should further develop their business models to rationalize the costs and increase their operational efficiency and stimulate the adoption of fintech solutions and technological development so as to enhance their productivity.
Quantum Models for Cosmology
Authors: Gazeau Jean-Pierre , Małkiewicz Przemysław
Published: October 2022

This Special Issue presents a collection of review and original papers on various aspects and applications of quantum cosmological models [...]
Feedback as a tool to manage change in hotel service on the example of a five-star hotel
Authors:   V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Gurov S. A.
Published: October 2022

The article deals with the problems of assessing the quality of hotel services. Attention is paid to the consumer loyalty index (NPS) and the guest satisfaction index (CSI). Using the calculation of these indices, an analysis was made of the Feedback Management Service project at the Mriya Resort & SPA hotel in 2021–2022. The algorithm is shown and proposals for its promotion are made.
Pre-judicial (claims) work of the hotel organization with consumers
Authors:   Saratov regional public organization ", Kuskov А. S. ,   Center for legal protection of consumers"
Published: October 2022

Based on the analysis of legislation, the results of scientific research, materials of judicial and entrepreneurial practice, the content and features of pre-trial (claim) work of hotel organizations with consumers are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the need to comply with both procedural (regulatory) and procedural rules for the implementation of the pre-trial procedure for resolving disputes. Conclusions are drawn about the significance of the claim procedure for resolving disputes for consumers and hotel organizations, directions for further pre-trial (claim) work of hotel organizations with consumer claims.
Advances in Chromosome Engineering Research in Fish: Review of Methods, Achievements and Applications
Authors: HUSSAIN M.G.
Published: October 2022

Chromosome engineering research in fish has been conducted in a number of countries during the past and present decades. The techniques developed so far interfere with the normal function of the metaphase spindle during the nuclear cycles of cell division and alteration of gonial DNA structure in fertilized eggs, therefore, leading to the induction of polyploid (triploid and tetraploid), gynogenetic (haploid, meiotic and mitotic gynogens and clones) and androgenetic individuals. The rationale for the induction of such ploidy with differing genomic status in a number of fish is its potential to generate genetically sterile populations and rapidly inbred lines, which could ultimately benefit aquaculture. These approaches are critically reviewed and discussed.
Vases bleus de Sèvres à Trianon (1861-1890)
Authors: Lamy Gabriella
Published: October 2022

Between 1861 and 1890, at Napoleon the Third's initial request, forty glazed earthenware vases made by the Sèvres manufacture adorned the gardens of Trianon and the royal kitchen garden at Versailles. Eleven of them, still with their original zinc linings, have just been found in different stores of the palace of Versailles.
André Metthey (1871-1920), au-delà de sa rencontre avec les Fauves : cercle de collectionneurs autour du céramiste
Authors: Lacotte Adélaïde
Published: October 2022

Around 1905-1907, André Metthey made vases and large dishes decorated by numerous artists, such as Maurice Denis, André Derain, Georges Rouault, Henri Matisse, Maurice de Vlaminck, etc. This collaboration is now known under the name of “Fauve Ceramic”. It has eclipsed André Metthey’s personal production even though he had renewed the art of decoration with his own enamelled earthenware.
On the question of the role of project management in the digital transformation of small and medium-sized businesses: essence and innovative potential
Authors: Bannikov Valentyn , Lobunets Tetiana , Buriak Ievgen , Maslyhan Olena , Shevchuk Larysa
Published: October 2022

Digital transformation is penetrating all areas of activities. This process is irreversible and poses challenges to businesses. The leading role for the successful digital transformation of small and medium-sized businesses is played by effective project management. The purpose of the article is to study the role of project management in the digital transformation of small and medium- sized businesses, to identify the key issues and the scenario of transformation, to outline the portrait of a project manager. Methods used: analysisб synthesis, graphic methods, the method of establishing cause-and-effect relationships. As a research result, theoretical aspects of project management and trends in understanding its role in the digital transformation of businesses were determined. The key questions for project management are outlined and its scenario is defined. The key skills and qualities of an effective project manager are described. The innovative potential of project management is considered. The scientific novelty of the research consists in clarifying the aspects necessary for effective project management, taking into account the trends in economic and sustainable development. The practical significance of the research results lies in outlining the areas of activity and improving the professional and extra-professional skills of project managers in the process of digital transformation.
Energy efficiency through analysis of the contracted demand, consumption and framework group “A” tariff: case study at IFPA Parauapebas campus
Authors: Silva e Serpa Francisco , Da Cunha Ricardo Alex Dantas , Nascimento Lucas Araújo
Published: October 2022

Waste of electricity in public educational institutions is alarming. The agency Electric Energy National (ANEEL) published in October 2016 through the call 01/2016 to electricity distributors, which aims, among other objectives, to invest in efficiency energy and mini-generation in institutions, which evidences the absence of strategic energy management and the lack of a culture of optimizing energy resources. Thus, this work may help in the search for the minimization of electrical energy waste and public resources in the institutions, as it will propose an efficient framework methodology tariff system, able to assess and adjust demand contracted (kW). The methodology consists of achieving the energy efficiency, through demand analysis, tariff framework and energy consumption electricity, in the consumer unit, in particular to the study case study of the Federal Institute of Pará – Campus Parauapebas (IFPA), through the analysis of invoices monthly electricity bills and the basis of the resolutions and rules on the types of tariffs for electrical energy from groups A4. With that, it is expected to adjust the contracted load demand (kW). and crave cost reduction for the Public Administrationproviding a practical form of analysis and indication of the best tariff framework for the group studied, and thereby achieve sustainable consumption and  efficient electricity contracts.
Case Study on VR Empathy Game: Challenges with VR Games Development for Emotional Interactions with the VR Characters
Authors: Muravevskaia Ekaterina , Gardner-McCune Christina
Published: October 2022

Empathy development in young children (6 to 9 years old) sets a foundation for emotional regulation and social skills for children’s futures. Researchers from the fields of virtual reality (VR) and game design highlight the potential of VR technologies as a great tool to promote empathy. However, there is little empirical and systematic knowledge on how to use VR technology to help promote empathy in young children. To address this gap, we developed a VR Empathy Game prototype to explore how VR experiences can inculcate empathy development in young children. To evaluate this prototype, we conducted a qualitative study with 15 children from 6 to 9 years old. We used an interpretive case study to provide an in-depth understanding of children’s experiences with the VR Empathy Game. To guide participant selection, we used a purposeful sampling approach and intentionally included K-3 children with different empathy and social skills levels.

 

This paper describes one case representing a challenge that children with a low level of empathy can experience while playing the VR Empathy Game. This case explains the game experience of a seven-year-old boy, Gabe. The case is entitled: “The VR Empathy Game Experience with a Focus on Exploring the Environment and Looking for Clues.” Gabe confused intrinsic and extrinsic game goals and played the game focusing only on the VR environment. He perceived the game characters as an information source rather than building relationships with them unlike the children with a higher level of empathy. This case represents the group of four boys who participated in our study. In comparison with other participants, Gabe’s case provided very little evidence of noticing the characters' emotions. Our findings suggest that game designers should provide additional scaffolding for children with little levels of empathy, including additional reflective questions and reminders to interact with the characters. We also suggest a follow-up study exploring how different storylines would help children’s game experience.
NanoDoc: Designing an Adaptive Serious Game for Programming With Working Examples Support
Authors: Toukiloglou Pavlos , Xinogalos Stelios
Published: October 2022

There is an increased interest in serious games about programming, particularly for younger ages. The ability to evoke motivation and retain engagement leads to better learning efficiency and a positive educational impact. Serious games usually include support systems to assist novice users. In recent years there have been attempts to enhance support with intelligent tutoring systems. These systems adapt and provide personalized learning by analyzing user behaviour. Although this is a positive evolution, support still remains in the form of hints, images and videos. The paper describes an alternative adaptive method for support with working examples. An expert solution to a similar problem is displayed to the students allowing them to address the problem and start the solving process by analogy. Our previous research showed that working examples can reduce cognitive load during problem-solving and increase the student's educational results in comparison to traditional techniques. This paper presents the design of NanoDoc, a serious game for teaching the programming concepts of sequence and iteration to elementary school students. It features adaptive support with editable and executable working examples. Each example can be examined, edited and executed freely by the user until the required knowledge level is sufficient to solve the similar problem at hand. The adaptation method is based on a Fuzzy Logic algorithm and the dynamic modelling of user knowledge level. The paper also provides some preliminary results on student usage in the classroom and a questionnaire about the game experience. Plans for future research include investigating if adaptive support with working examples can reduce cognitive load even further and how learning is affected.