bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microcavity One-Dimensional Magnetophotonic Crystals with Double Layer Bi-Substituted Iron Garnet Films: Optical and Magneto-Optical Responses in Transmission and Reflection
Authors: Berzhansky Vladimir N. , Mikhailova Tatyana V. , Karavainikov Andrey V. , Prokopov Anatoly R. , Shaposhnikov Alexander N. , Kharchenko Yuriy M. , Lukienko Irene M. , Miloslavskaya Olga V. , Kharchenko Mykola F. , Belotelov Vladimir I. , Golub Vladimir O.
Published: July 2015

Optical and magneto-optical spectra in transmission and reflection and their features for microcavity one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals with double layer bismuth-substituted iron garnet films are considered. At the first presented the experimental results of magnetic circular dichroism investigations in microcavity one-dimensional magnetophotonic crystals.
Reference Book on the Oxide Systems Space Diagrams as a Tool for Data Mining
Authors: Lutsyk V.I. , Vorob'eva V.P. , Zelenaya Anna
Published: July 2015

The Reference Book of Ternary Oxide Systems phase diagrams computer models is presented. Its computer models of T-x-y diagrams give a possibility to calculate the mass balances at any temperature, to observe crystallization history and the process of microstructure forming at different crystallization stages. The investigation of concentration fields with the different phase constituents on the T-x-y diagram projection by means of its computer model is considered. Phase diagram of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3system is used as an example.
Acid-Modified Clinoptilolite – Effective Sorbent of Sc(III) from Aqueos Solutions
Authors: Vasylechko V.O. , Korpalo Ch.B. , Gryshchouk G.V.
Published: July 2015

The sorption properties of acid-modified Transcarpathian clinoptilolite towards Sc (III) under dynamic conditions have been studied. It was found that the most effective acid-modifier is 0.5M HCl solution. Maximal sorption capacity is observed in the previously heat-treated at 50 oC samples of H-clinoptilolite in low alkaline solutions (pH=8.5). At this conditions almost all of the Sc (III) ions are in the form of neutral hydroxo complex [Sc (OH)3(H2O)3]. The sorption capacity of H-clinoptilolite towards Sc (III) ions under optimum conditions is 9.98 mg/g. The best desorbent of Sc (III) from acid-modified clinoptilolite is 6 M HCl solution. This desorbent removes 98% of sorbed Sc (III).
Theory and Applications of Spin Torque Nano-Oscillator: A Brief Review
Authors: Zheng X. , Zhou Y.
Published: July 2015

We present a brief review of spin torque nanooscillator, which has triggered extensive research interests in the field of nanomagnetism and applied spintronics in recent years. The underlying physical mechanism governing the spin torque nanooscillator is the spin momentum transfer effect, where the angular momentum of itinerant electrons can be passed to localized magnetic moments. The typical device architectures and design of spin torque nanooscillator have been reviewed in this paper, with a particular focus on potential applications of spin torque nanooscillator in the fields of nanotechnology, computing, and biotechnology.Contents of Paper
Flexoelectricity in Bulk and Nanoscale Polar and Non-Polar Dielectrics
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Borkar Hitesh
Published: July 2015

Piezoelectricity (PE) is defined as the polarization under homogeneous application of stress on polar/non-centrosymmetry/no-inversion symmetry dielectrics, whereas it has been commonly accepted that flexoelectricity (FLX) is the induced polarization due to strain gradient in any polar/nonpolar dielectrics, the latter effect is universal and can be generated in any materials under inhomogeneous stress. Flexoelectricity is inversely proportional to the size of materials and devices which further suggests that giant FLX effects may develop in nanoscale materials. Flexoelectricity represents the polarization due to strain gradient and have significant effects on the functional properties of nanoscale materials, epitaxial thin films, one-dimensional structure with various shape and size, liquid crystals, polymers, nanobio-hybrid materials, etc. Till late sixties, very few works on flexoelectricity have been reported due to very weak magnitude compared to piezoelectricity. Advancement in nanoscale materials and device fabrication process and highly sophisticated electronics with detection of data with high signal to noise ratio lead the scientists/researchers to get several orders of higher flexoelectric coefficients compared to the proposed theoretical limits. Recently, giant FLX have been observed in nanoscale materials and their magnitudes are six to seven orders larger than the theoretical limits. In this review article, we describe the basic mechanism of flexoelectricity, brief history of discovery, theoretical modeling, experimental procedures, and results reported by several authors for bulk and nanoscale ferroelectric and dielectric materials.
Influence of Institutional Guidelines on Oral Hygiene Practices in Intensive Care Units
Authors: Kiyoshi-Teo Hiroko , Blegen Mary
Published: July 2015

Background

Maintaining oral hygiene is a key component of preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia; however, practices are inconsistent.

Objectives

To explore how characteristics of institutional guidelines for oral hygiene influence nurses’ oral hygiene practices and perceptions of that practice.

Methods

Oral hygiene section of a larger survey study on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Critical care nurses at 8 hospitals in Northern California that had more than 1000 ventilator days in 2009 were recruited to participate in the survey. Twenty-one questions addressed oral hygiene practices and practice perceptions. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and Spearman correlations were used for analyses.

Results

A total of 576 critical care nurses (45% response rate) responded to the survey. Three types of institutional oral hygiene guidelines existed: nursing policy, order set, and information bulletin. Nursing policy provided the most detail about the oral hygiene care; however, adherence, awareness, and priority level were higher with order sets (P < .05). The content and method of disseminating these guidelines varied, and nursing practices were affected by these differences. Nurses assessed the oral cavity and used oral swabs more often when those practices were included in institutional guidelines.

Conclusions

The content and dissemination method of institutional guidelines on oral hygiene do influence the oral hygiene practices of critical care nurses. Future studies examining how institutional guidelines could best be incorporated into routine workflow are needed.
Manas - A practical facet of Āyurveda
Authors: Amin Hetal , Sharma Rohit
Published: July 2015

Manas (~mind) is considered as the factor responsible for yoking Ātmā (soul) with Śārīra (body) and Indriya (senses). The concept of Āyu (age) is based on the state of Manas, Manas, which is also referred to as Sattva. It is chiefly responsible for perceiving Sukha (pleasure), Dukha (pain), Hita (wholesome), Ahita (unwholesome), etc. in relation to life. Manas has got a close relationship with health also. This demonstrates the importance of Manas in calling a person Swastha (healthy). An accurate knowledge of Manas is necessary to understand the process of production of Jñāna (knowledge) as explained in Āyurveda. Caraka Sam.hitā, one of the authoritative ancient texts of Āyurveda, gives a precise description of Manas Siddhāñta (principles of the mind) including its normal and abnormal states, but all these descriptions are highly scattered. Seeds of the Āyurvedic concept of Manas are found in different texts, but Āyurveda considers it in an applied and practical way. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the applied aspect of Manas in accordance with Āyurveda.
Study of the concept of dvandva in the Pātañjala Yogasūtra from a philosophical and psycho-physiological perspective
Authors: Yadav Seema Rani
Published: July 2015

Background:

In order to have a clearer understanding of yogic concepts as described in the Pātañjala Yogasūtra (PYS), the seminal, most authentic and authoritative, but extremely compact ancient text of yoga, there is a need for their critical study with reference to relevant commentaries and secondary sources of the PYS.

Aim:

The current study focused on the word dvandva (general meaning - pair, conflict) as used in the PYS, as well as various relevant commentaries on the PYS, in an attempt to explain the end effect of yogic āsana in relation to dvandva.

Methods:

A thorough review of the PYS and 22 commentaries on it that pertained to the concept of dvandva was conducted. The commentaries referred to were of two types: (a) Direct commentaries on the PYS and (b) indirect commentaries, i.e., commentaries on bhāṣya (commentary) of Vyāsa on the PYS. After this review, descriptive and analytical methods were used to correlate the philosophical understanding of dvandva, found in the PYS and its 22 relevant commentaries, with the psycho-physiological understanding of the concept.

Results:

There are mainly five pairs of words regarding dvandva pertaining to āsana in PYS and the 22 commentaries referred to. They are śïta-uṣna, sukha-duḥkha, māna-avamāna, kāma-krodha, and kṣut-trṣnā/pipāsā. These five pairs of words are either opposites or compound words, and all of them seem to represent disturbing elements of a conflict. The psycho-physiological mechanisms, by which these five pairs of disturbing elements related to dvandva become ineffective as a result of perfection in āsana, can be hypothesized.

Conclusion:

The current study has attempted to critically analyze one of the important yogic concepts, dvandva. An effort has also been made to understand the mechanisms of transcending dvandva as a result of perfection in āsana, which the extremely compact PYS or its direct and indirect commentary seems to fall short of elucidating. Thus, the present study has thrown light on the need for fundamental studies of important terms or concepts mentioned in the PYS to understand their deeper meanings and probable mechanisms of action.
High-Throughput Sequencing of miRNAs Reveals a Tissue Signature in Gastric Cancer and Suggests Novel Potential Biomarkers
Authors: Darnet Sylvain , Moreira Fabiano C , Hamoy Igor G , Burbano Rommel , Khayat André , Cruz Aline , Magalhães Leandro , Silva Artur , Santos Sidney , Demachki Samia , Assumpção Monica , Assumpção Paulo , Ribeiro-Dos-Santos Âuandrea
Published: June 2015

Gastric cancer has a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide; however, the use of biomarkers for its clinical diagnosis remains limited. The microRNAs (miRNAs) are biomarkers with the potential to identify the risk and prognosis as well as therapeutic targets. We performed the ultradeep miRnomes sequencing of gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric antrum without tumor samples. We observed that a small set of those samples were responsible for approximately 80% of the total miRNAs expression, which might represent a miRNA tissue signature. Additionally, we identified seven miRNAs exhibiting significant differences, and, of these, hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c were able to discriminate antrum without tumor from gastric cancer regardless of the histological type. These findings were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The results revealed that hsa-miR-135b and hsa-miR-29c are potential gastric adenocarcinoma occurrence biomarkers with the ability to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing this cancer, and could even be used as therapeutic targets to allow individualized clinical management.
Revascularization in Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: Does Myocardial Viability Even Matter?
Authors: Singh Pahul , Sethi Nishant , Kaur Navneet , Kozman Hani
Published: June 2015

Left ventricular dysfunction is a powerful prognostic predictor in patients with coronary artery disease and increasing number of patients with CAD and ischemic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a major clinical problem. Congestive heart failure is a frequent complication which is associated with significant health care costs and two–third of cases have ischemic cardiomyopathy. In such patients, coronary revascularization can lead to symptomatic and prognostic improvement and reversal of LV remodeling which led to the concept of viable myocardium to select patients in whom recovery of LV function and improvement of prognosis will outweigh the risk of surgical revascularization. The aim of this review article is to understand the different modalities for assessing myocardial viability and clinical impact of revascularization in relation to the evidence of viability in patients with LV dysfunction.
Cold smoke: smoke-induced density currents cause unexpected smoke transport near large wildfires
Authors: Lareau N. P. , Clements C. B.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. First observations of smoke-induced density currents originating from large wildfires are presented. Using a novel mobile Doppler LiDAR and additional in situ measurements we document a deep (~ 2 km) smoke-filled density current that propagates more than 25 km at speeds up to 4.5 m s−1 near a large forest fire in northern California. Based on these observations we show that the dynamics governing the spread of the smoke layer result from differential solar heating between the smoke-filled and smoke-free portions of the atmospheric boundary layer. A calculation of the theoretical density current speed agrees well with the observed propagation speed. Additional LiDAR and photographic documentation of other smoke-filled density currents demonstrate that these previously unknown phenomena are relatively common near large wildfires and can cause severe and unexpected smoke inundation of populated areas.
Observed spatial variability of boundary-layer turbulence over flat, heterogeneous terrain
Authors: Maurer V. , Kalthoff N. , Wieser A. , Kohler M. , Mauder M.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. In spring 2013, extensive measurements with multiple Doppler lidar systems were performed. The instruments were arranged in a triangle with edge lengths of about 3 km in a moderately flat, agriculturally used terrain. For six mostly cloud-free convective days, vertical velocity variance profiles were compared for the three locations. On the average over all considered cases, differences between variances at different sites were about three times higher than between those derived from measurements by different lidars at the same site. For all investigated averaging periods between 10 min and 4 h, the differences were not significant on the average when considering the statistical error. However, statistically significant spatial differences were found in several individual cases. These could not be explained by the existing surface heterogeneity. In some cases, nearby energy balance stations provided surface fluxes that were not suitable for scaling the variance profiles. Weighted-averaged values proved to be more applicable, but even then, the scaled profiles showed a large scatter for each location. Therefore, it must be assumed that the intensity of turbulence is not always well-determined by the local heat supply at the Earth's surface. Instead, a certain dependency of turbulence characteristics on mean wind speed and direction was found: thermals were detected that travelled from one site to the other with the mean wind when the travel time was shorter than the large-eddy turnover time. At the same time, no thermals passed for more than two hours at a third site that was located perpendicular to the mean wind direction in relation to the first two sites. Subsidence prevailing in the surroundings of thermals advected with the mean wind can thus partly explain significant spatial variance differences existing for several hours.
Carbon export and transfer to depth across the Southern Ocean Great Calcite Belt
Authors: Rosengard S. Z. , Lam P. J. , Balch W. M. , Auro M. E. , Pike S. , Drapeau D. , Bowler B.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Sequestration of carbon by the marine biological pump depends on the processes that alter, remineralize, and preserve particulate organic carbon (POC) during transit to the deep ocean. Here, we present data collected from the Great Calcite Belt, a calcite-rich band across the Southern Ocean surface, to compare the transformation of POC in the euphotic and mesopelagic zones of the water column. The 234Th-derived export fluxes and size-fractionated concentrations of POC, particulate inorganic carbon (PIC), and biogenic silica (BSi) were measured from the upper 1000 m of 27 stations across the Atlantic and Indian sectors of the Great Calcite Belt. POC export out of the euphotic zone was correlated with BSi export. PIC export was not, but did correlate positively with POC flux transfer efficiency. Moreover, regions of high BSi concentrations, which corresponded to regions with proportionally larger particles, exhibited higher attenuation of > 51 μm POC concentrations in the mesopelagic zone. The interplay among POC size partitioning, mineral composition, and POC attenuation suggests a more fundamental driver of POC transfer through both depth regimes in the Great Calcite Belt. In particular, we argue that diatom-rich communities produce large and labile POC aggregates, which not only generate high export fluxes but also drive more remineralization in the mesopelagic zone. We observe the opposite in communities with smaller calcifying phytoplankton, such as coccolithophores. We hypothesize that these differences are influenced by inherent differences in the lability of POC exported by different phytoplankton communities.
Pan-spectral observing system simulation experiments of shortwave reflectance and long-wave radiance for climate model evaluation
Authors: Feldman D. R. , Collins W. D. , Paige J. L.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Top-of-atmosphere (TOA) spectrally resolved shortwave reflectances and long-wave radiances describe the response of the Earth's surface and atmosphere to feedback processes and human-induced forcings. In order to evaluate proposed long-duration spectral measurements, we have projected 21st Century changes from the Community Climate System Model (CCSM3.0) conducted for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 Emissions Scenario onto shortwave reflectance spectra from 300 to 2500 nm and long-wave radiance spectra from 2000 to 200 cm−1 at 8 nm and 1 cm−1 resolution, respectively. The radiative transfer calculations have been rigorously validated against published standards and produce complementary signals describing the climate system forcings and feedbacks. Additional demonstration experiments were performed with the Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC5) and Hadley Centre Global Environment Model version 2 Earth System (HadGEM2-ES) models for the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. The calculations contain readily distinguishable signatures of low clouds, snow/ice, aerosols, temperature gradients, and water vapour distributions. The goal of this effort is to understand both how climate change alters reflected solar and emitted infrared spectra of the Earth and determine whether spectral measurements enhance our detection and attribution of climate change. This effort also presents a path forward to understand the characteristics of hyperspectral observational records needed to confront models and inline instrument simulation. Such simulation will enable a diverse set of comparisons between model results from coupled model intercomparisons and existing and proposed satellite instrument measurement systems.
Data assimilation in integrated hydrological modeling using ensemble Kalman filtering: evaluating the effect of ensemble size and localization on filter performance
Authors: Rasmussen J. , Madsen H. , Jensen K. H. , Refsgaard J. C.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. Groundwater head and stream discharge is assimilated using the ensemble transform Kalman filter in an integrated hydrological model with the aim of studying the relationship between the filter performance and the ensemble size. In an attempt to reduce the required number of ensemble members, an adaptive localization method is used. The performance of the adaptive localization method is compared to the more common distance-based localization. The relationship between filter performance in terms of hydraulic head and discharge error and the number of ensemble members is investigated for varying numbers and spatial distributions of groundwater head observations and with or without discharge assimilation and parameter estimation. The study shows that (1) more ensemble members are needed when fewer groundwater head observations are assimilated, and (2) assimilating discharge observations and estimating parameters requires a much larger ensemble size than just assimilating groundwater head observations. However, the required ensemble size can be greatly reduced with the use of adaptive localization, which by far outperforms distance-based localization. The study is conducted using synthetic data only.
Regional prioritisation of flood risk in mountainous areas
Authors: Rogelis M. C. , Werner M. , Obregón N. , Wright G.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. A regional analysis of flood risk was carried out in the mountainous area surrounding the city of Bogotá (Colombia). Vulnerability at regional level was assessed on the basis of a principal component analysis carried out with variables recognised in literature to contribute to vulnerability; using watersheds as the unit of analysis. The area exposed was obtained from a simplified flood analysis at regional level to provide a mask where vulnerability variables were extracted. The vulnerability indicator obtained from the principal component analysis was combined with an existing susceptibility indicator, thus providing an index that allows the watersheds to be prioritised in support of flood risk management at regional level. Results show that the components of vulnerability can be expressed in terms of four constituent indicators; socio-economic fragility, which is composed of demography and lack of well-being; lack of resilience, which is composed of education, preparedness and response capacity, rescue capacity, social cohesion and participation; and physical exposure is composed of exposed infrastructure and exposed population. A sensitivity analysis shows that the classification of vulnerability is robust for watersheds with low and high values of the vulnerability indicator, while some watersheds with intermediate values of the indicator are sensitive to shifting between medium and high vulnerability. The complex interaction between vulnerability and hazard is evidenced in the case study. Environmental degradation in vulnerable watersheds shows the influence that vulnerability exerts on hazard and vice versa, thus establishing a cycle that builds up risk conditions.
Exploring Irrigation Futures
Authors: Weatherhead Keith , Knox Jerry , Hess Tim , Daccache Andre
Published: July 2015

Estimates of the magnitude and location of future irrigation demand are essential for strategic planning of water resources at national and regional levels. However, demand forecasting is fraught with difficulty, as water use for supplementary irrigation is highly sensitive to changes in agro-economic policy, climate and future water resources availability. Short-term forecasts are normally based on existing trends, modified by any expected variations. Following a long period of growth, the volume of water being abstracted for irrigation in England and Wales appears to be in decline. After allowing for annual weather variations, the underlying decline in dry year demand was −1.4% per annum from 1990 to 2010. Extrapolating these trends forward suggests a further reduction of around one-quarter (−25%) by 2030. However longer-term forecasts (to the 2050s) need to consider alternative possible futures. The authors used a combination methodology to incorporate changes in population demographics, consumption and consumer preferences under a range of socioeconomic policies for four defined socioeconomic futures. The projected changes in ‘unconstrained’ demand in a dry year ranged from +40% to +167% by the 2050s; ‘actual’ water use will be constrained by water availability and allocation policy, which itself may lead to a relocation of demand. Combined with a probable decline in low-flow (summer) water availability, this indicates major future water resource issues. The figures need to be interpreted with caution as they are sensitive to model input values, and ignore impacts of step-change genetic improvements and the effects of changing CO2 concentrations on crop growth. The differences between forecasts also highlight the sensitivity to assumptions and the potential impact of deeper-seated changes on current trends. Some policy options and potential adaptations are discussed.
Output Impacts of the Single Payment Scheme in Portugal
Authors: Martinho Vítor João Pereira Domingues
Published: July 2015

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for the European Union agricultural sector is subject to much discussion and controversy, justifying the need for research to clarify disputed topics. This study analyses the impact of the Single Payment Scheme (one of the the most recent instruments of the CAP) on the performance of the Portuguese agricultural sector (output, employment and productivity), using a model with spatial effects based on the Cobb and Douglas (1928) concepts. Data for 2010 concerning Portuguese municipalities were used, taking into account information from the Institute of Finance of Agriculture and Fisheries (IFAP) and Statistics Portugal (INE, 2013). The analyses show that the Single Payment Scheme could be better adjusted to the Portuguese situation, considering that it does not clearly promote agricultural activity outside the traditional zones and does not explicitly improve farming output. For the variables considered, the spatial autocorrelation also provides insights into the support of future agricultural policy development.
Keynesian Policies for Tourism: Taxation without Coordination
Authors: Candela Guido , Castellani Massimiliano , Mussoni Maurizio
Published: July 2015

In this paper the authors investigate the effect of a Keynesian policy in tourism destinations where tourism products are mainly sold through ‘direct sales' (decentralized solution) and the tourism market equilibrium is characterized by sticky prices and unemployment (coordination failure); thus the conditions for a Keynesian demand policy are verified. This policy is a Pareto improving solution with respect to the organization of sales by tour operators or destination managers (centralized solution), since tourism firms are not worse-off in terms of profits and there is an increase of tourism production as well as of employment.
Tourist Spending Dynamics in the Algarve: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Serra Jaime , Correia Antónia , Rodrigues Paulo M.M.
Published: July 2015

This paper assesses the determinants of international tourists' spending in the Algarve from 2007 to 2010. Based on a sample of 15,542 observations a cross-section model was estimated using ordinary least squares. The results reveal that a combination of socio-demographic, behavioural and motivation variables explain the spending patterns of international tourists in the Algarve. Analysis of the data indicates that tourist motivations related to accommodation facilities, cultural and historical resources, gastronomy, hospitality, prices and sightseeing tours positively affect tourists' spending. Moreover, the findings provide evidence that, over the years, the most loyal markets in Algarve reveal changing patterns in their spending behaviour. Destination management authorities should be aware of this spending behaviour of second-generation sun and sand visitors and should formulate strategies accordingly. Policy and managerial recommendations are discussed.
Culture, Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation: A Structural Analysis of the Motivation and Satisfaction of Tourists in Amsterdam
Authors: Romão João , Neuts Bart , Nijkamp Peter , van Leeuwen Eveline
Published: July 2015

The varied supply of tourism services — with particular emphasis on tangible and intangible cultural aspects — corresponds ideally to visitors' characteristics and wishes. This paper considers a major tourist destination, such as Amsterdam, as an export-oriented multi-product company, characterized by spatial and functional market segmentation and monopolistic competition reflected in product differentiation. Urban branding and attractiveness may favour tourist destination loyalty. The complex decision web of motivation and satisfaction of tourists in Amsterdam is analysed with a structural equations model (SEM). The authors find that different tourist profiles, in terms of personal characteristics and motivations, can significantly impact the satisfaction received from tourism services. Furthermore, and most interestingly, the results suggest that satisfaction does not necessarily lead to improved destination loyalty, but is contingent on the source of satisfaction. In this case, satisfaction resulting from tangible or intangible cultural sources has clearly different implications for loyalty, with relevant managerial implications.
PRÁTICAS DE ENFERMAGEM EM SAÚDE MENTAL NA ESTRATÉGIA DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Merces Ana monalisa Ferreira , Souza Bruna De medeiros Leite , Da Silva Tatiane Lins , Silva Thassia Thame de Moura , Cavalcanti Ana Márcia Tenório de Souza
Published: July 2015

Revisão Integrativa que objetivou identificar as práticas do enfermeiro em Saúde Mental na Estratégia de Saúde da Família. A busca dos dados foi realizada no período entre 29 de maio a 10 de junho de 2014, nas bases Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Literatura Internacional em Ciências da Saúde, Base de dados em enfermagem e na Biomedical Literature Citations and Abstracts. Foram encontrados nove artigos distribuidos em três categorias: Dificuldades e necessidade de capacitação em saúde mental, Principais práticas de enfermagem à pessoa com transtorno mental e Estratégia de Saúde da Família: Integrante da Rede de Saúde Mental. Conclui-se que os enfermeiros, atuantes neste cenário, posicionaram suas práticas em Saúde Mental baseadas no acolhimento, na renovação de receitas, na dispensação de medicação e no encaminhamento a ser viços especializados. Entretanto, essas atitudes são reconhecidas como insuficientes na assistência em Saúde Mental.
Evaluación de la calidad de vida en personas con discapacidades significativas: aplicación de la Escala San Martín en la Fundación Obra San Martín
Authors: Hierro Zorrilla Irene , Verdugo Alonso Miguel Ángel , Gómez Sánchez Laura Elisabeth , Fernández Ezquerra Sonia , Cisneros Fernández Patricia
Published: July 2015

La Escala San Martín es un instrumento que permite evaluar la calidad de vida de personas con discapacidades significativas con evidencias adecuadas de fiabilidad y validez. En 2012 se administró la Escala San Martín a 85 personas con discapacidad intelectual que acudían a alguno de los centros de la Fundación Obra San Martín. El presente artículo recoge los resultados obtenidos agregados en el mesosistema, un ejemplo del microsistema y las líneas de trabajo puestas en marcha a partir de los resultados obtenidos.
Concise Review: Emerging Role of CD44 in Cancer Stem Cells: A Promising Biomarker and Therapeutic Target
Authors: Yan Yongmin , Zuo Xiangsheng , Wei Daoyan
Published: July 2015

The reception and integration of the plethora of signals a cell receives from its microenvironment determines the cell's fate. CD44 functions as a receptor for hyaluronan and many other extracellular matrix components, as well as a cofactor for growth factors and cytokines, and thus, CD44 is a signaling platform that integrates cellular microenvironmental cues with growth factor and cytokine signals and transduces signals to membrane-associated cytoskeletal proteins or to the nucleus to regulate a variety of gene expression levels related to cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Accumulating evidence indicates that CD44, especially CD44v isoforms, are cancer stem cell (CSC) markers and critical players in regulating the properties of CSCs, including self-renewal, tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoradioresistance. Furthermore, there is ample evidence that CD44, especially CD44v isoforms, are valuable prognostic markers in various types of tumors. Therefore, therapies that target CD44 may destroy the CSC population, and this holds great promise for the cure of life-threatening cancers. However, many challenges remain to determining how best to use CD44 as a biomarker and therapeutic target. Here we summarize the current findings concerning the critical role of CD44/CD44v in the regulation of cancer stemness and the research status of CD44/CD44v as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer. We also discuss the current challenges and future directions that may lead to the best use of CD44/CD44v for clinical applications.

Significance

Mounting evidence indicates that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are mainly responsible for cancer aggressiveness, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. CD44, especially CD44v isoforms, have been identified as CSC surface markers for isolating and enriching CSCs in different types of cancers. The current findings concerning the critical role of CD44/CD44v in regulation of cancer stemness and the research status of CD44/CD44v as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer are summarized. The current challenges and future directions that may lead to best use of CD44/CD44v for clinical applications are also discussed.
Nothing Suits Me like a Suit: Performing Masculinity in How I Met Your Mother
Authors: Thompson Lauren Jade
Published: July 2015

This article uses How I Met Your Mother (2005–14) as a case study to explore a new emphasis within postfeminist media texts on exposing the constructed and conflicted nature of masculinity. This article examines the central male characters as examples of dominant, residual and emergent formations of masculine identity. It examines how performance, narrative and production design produce these highly differentiated versions of masculinity. It explores the show's comparative presentation of two versions of single masculinity, and examines what application the residual cultural formations of ‘bachelor’ and ‘spinster’ might have in understanding gendered representations of singleness.
Girls Talk: Authorship and Authenticity in the Reception of Lena Dunham's Girls
Authors: Woods Faye
Published: July 2015

By examining the discourse around Lena Dunham's HBO comedy Girls (2012–present), this article argues that the programme served as a space to think through female authorship, televisual representations and cultural tensions surrounding young womanhood. Central to this discourse was the narrative asserting Girls' and Dunham's ‘authenticity’, originality and universality, which sought to legitimate her gendered authorship and interest in the comedy of female intimacy within HBO's masculine prestige channel identity. Charting three cycles of discourse surrounding the programme's debut, this article explores the paratextual framing by promotional concerns, television critics and women's websites. It highlights how journalists and critics furthered HBO's paratextual framing of Dunham, which was later countered by the networked spaces of niche online media, which used the programme as a space to productively work through industrial and cultural tensions; particularly those surrounding female comic authorship, autobiography and intersectionality.
‘Might as Well Be Dead’: Domesticity, Irony and Feminist Politics in Contemporary Animation Comedy
Authors: Gwynne Joel
Published: July 2015

This article examines the ways in which contemporary animation comedy series such as The Simpsons (1989–present) and King of the Hill (1991–2010) employ the figure of the housewife to actuate a feminist critique of domesticity. It aims to answer the following questions: how can we situate and understand the enduring presence of such a traditional role in contemporary animation comedy series which are otherwise liberal and progressive in their political orientation? Can feminist politics and domesticity occupy the same space? And if so, what occurs in this genre when the ostensibly antagonistic subject positions of ‘feminist‘ and ‘housewife’ are integrated?
The β-hairpin of 40S exit channel protein Rps5/uS7 promotes efficient and accurate translation initiation in vivo
Authors: Visweswaraiah Jyothsna , Pittman Yvette , Dever Thomas E , Hinnebusch Alan G
Published: July 2015

The eukaryotic 43S pre-initiation complex bearing tRNAiMet scans the mRNA leader for an AUG start codon in favorable context. Structural analyses revealed that the β-hairpin of 40S protein Rps5/uS7 protrudes into the 40S mRNA exit-channel, contacting the eIF2∙GTP∙Met-tRNAi ternary complex (TC) and mRNA context nucleotides; but its importance in AUG selection was unknown. We identified substitutions in β-strand-1 and C-terminal residues of yeast Rps5 that reduced bulk initiation, conferred ‘leaky-scanning’ of AUGs; and lowered initiation fidelity by exacerbating the effect of poor context of the eIF1 AUG codon to reduce eIF1 abundance. Consistently, the β-strand-1 substitution greatly destabilized the ‘PIN’ conformation of TC binding to reconstituted 43S·mRNA complexes in vitro. Other substitutions in β-hairpin loop residues increased initiation fidelity and destabilized PIN at UUG, but not AUG start codons. We conclude that the Rps5 β-hairpin is as crucial as soluble initiation factors for efficient and accurate start codon recognition.
Mainstreaming Organic Agriculture through Innovation Policy– The Case of Organic Agriculture in Negros Occidental, Philippines
Authors: GASMEN ANDREW , BACONGUIS ROWENA DT.
Published: July 2015

This paper highlights the innovation policies that facilitated the growth of the organic movement in Negros Occidental. The research is an intrinsic case study that employed in-depth data collection involving multiple sources of information. Organic agriculture started with the civil society because of the desire to produce healthy food and ensure environmental integrity. Health conscious businessmen saw the opportunity of a business built on the pillars of environmental integrity, health, partnership with the grassroots and the growing movement of organic agriculture supporters. In response, the provincial governments of Negros Occidental and Negros Oriental crafted a policy that envisioned the whole Negros Island as the “Organic Bowl in Asia”. Innovative responses of the provincial government included the development of ordinances, organizational adjustments and budget allocations. The innovations of the government legitimized the movement and facilitated the mainstreaming of organic agriculture. The collaboration model results from the active participation of the key stakeholders that was reinforced by forces such as increasing health and environmental consciousness of the populace. While the movement is now mainstreamed, the actors have to forward the movement to another level by increasing the market share of organic products. Keywords - Innovation policy, organizational innovation, organic agriculture, case study, Philippines
Cre Activated and Inactivated Recombinant Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors for Neuronal Anatomical Tracing or Activity Manipulation
Authors: Saunders Arpiar , Sabatini Bernardo L.
Published: July 2015

Recombinant adeno‐associated viruses (rAAVs) transcriptionally activated by Cre recombinase (Cre‐On) are powerful tools for determining the anatomy and function of genetically defined neuronal types in transgenic Cre driver mice. Here we describe how rAAVs transcriptionally inactivated by Cre (Cre‐Off) can be used in conjunction with Cre‐On rAAVs or genomic Cre‐reporter alleles to study brain circuits. Intracranial injection of Cre‐On/Cre‐Off rAAVs into spatially intermingled Cre+ and Cre‐ neurons allows these populations to be differentially labeled or manipulated within individual animals. This comparison helps define the unique properties of Cre+ neurons, highlighting the specialized role they play in their constituent brain circuits. This protocol touches on the conceptual and experimental background of Cre‐Off rAAV systems, including caveats and methods of validation. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Google Reverse Image Search to Decipher Biological Images
Authors: Mamrosh Jennifer L. , Moore David D.
Published: July 2015

Despite the range of tasks performed by biological image‐processing software, current versions cannot find matches for the image in question among the huge range of biological images that exist in the literature and elsewhere on the Internet. Google's Reverse Image Search is designed for this, and it is a simple, yet powerful tool that can be applied to decipher the contents of biological images. For images that contain unfamiliar or unknown elements, for example, Reverse Image Search can identify similar features in published images. Here we describe general guidelines for using this freely available tool to search published images in National Center for Biotechnology Information's (NCBI's) image database. These guidelines can be applied to a variety of types of biological images, including immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, to facilitate straightforward and rapid searches using Google's Reverse Image Search. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
MARCC (Matrix‐Assisted Reader Chromatin Capture): An Antibody‐Free Method to Enrich and Analyze Combinatorial Nucleosome Modifications
Authors: Su Zhangli , Denu John M.
Published: July 2015

Combinatorial patterns of histone modifications are key indicators of different chromatin states. Most of the current approaches rely on the usage of antibodies to analyze combinatorial histone modifications. Here we detail an antibody‐free method named MARCC (Matrix‐Assisted Reader Chromatin Capture) to enrich combinatorial histone modifications. The combinatorial patterns are enriched on native nucleosomes extracted from cultured mammalian cells and prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion. Such enrichment is achieved by recombinant chromatin‐interacting protein modules, or so‐called reader domains, which can bind in a combinatorial modification‐dependent manner. The enriched chromatin can be quantified by immunoblotting or mass spectrometry for the co‐existence of histone modifications, while the associated DNA content can be analyzed by qPCR or next‐generation sequencing. Altogether, MARCC provides a reproducible, efficient and customizable solution to enrich and analyze combinatorial histone modifications. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Porphyria Diagnostics—Part 1: A Brief Overview of the Porphyrias
Authors: Ramanujam Vaithamanithi‐Mudumbai Sadagopa , Anderson Karl Elmo
Published: July 2015

Porphyria diseases are a group of metabolic disorders caused by abnormal functioning of heme biosynthesis enzymes and characterized by excessive accumulation and excretion of porphyrins and their precursors. Precisely which of these chemicals builds up depends on the type of porphyria. Porphyria is not a single disease but a group of nine disorders: acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), variegate porphyria (VP), δ‐aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficiency porphyria (ADP), porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), hepatoerythropoietic porphyria (HEP), congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP), erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP), and X‐linked protoporphyria (XLP). Each porphyria results from overproduction of heme precursors secondary to partial deficiency or, in XLP, increased activity of one of the enzymes of heme biosynthesis. Taken together, all forms of porphyria afflict fewer than 200,000 people in the United States. Based on European studies, the most common porphyria, PCT, has a prevalence of 1 in 10,000, the most common acute porphyria, AlP, has a prevalence of ∼1 in 20,000, and the most common erythropoietic porphyria, EPP, is estimated at 1 in 50,000 to 75,000. CEP is extremely rare, with prevalence estimates of 1 in 1,000,000 or less. Only six cases of ADP are documented. The current porphyria literature is very exhaustive and a brief overview of porphyria diseases is essential in order for the reader to better appreciate the relevance of this area of research prior to undertaking biochemical diagnostics procedures. This unit summarizes the current knowledge on the classification, clinical features, etiology, pathogenesis, and genetics of porphyria diseases. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Finding Pathogenic Nucleic Acid Sequences in Next Generation Sequencing Data
Authors: Parfenov Michael , Seidman J.G.
Published: July 2015

Viruses and bacteria are established as one of the main causes of human diseases from hepatitis to cancer. Recently, the presence of such pathogens has been extensively studied using human whole genome and transcriptome sequencing data. However, detecting and studying pathogens via next generation sequencing data is a challenging task in terms of time and computational resources. In this protocol we give instructions for a simple and quick method to find pathogenic DNA or RNA and detect possible integration of the pathogen genome into the host genome. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collection, Storage, and Preparation of Human Blood Cells
Authors: Dagur Pradeep K. , McCoy J. Philip
Published: July 2015

Human peripheral blood is often studied by flow cytometry in both the research and clinical laboratories. The methods for collection, storage, and preparation of peripheral blood will vary depending on the cell lineage to be examined as well as the type of assay to be performed. This unit presents protocols for collection of blood, separation of leukocytes from whole blood by lysis of erythrocytes, isolating mononuclear cells by density gradient separation, and assorted non‐flow sorting methods, such as magnetic bead separations, for enriching specific cell populations, including monocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, prior to flow cytometric analysis. A protocol is also offered for cryopreservation of cells, since clinical research often involves retrospective flow cytometric analysis of samples stored over a period of months or years. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Flow Cytometry of Extracellular Vesicles: Potential, Pitfalls, and Prospects
Authors: Nolan John P.
Published: July 2015

Evidence suggests that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can play roles in physiology and pathology, providing impetus to explore their use as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. However, EVs are also small, heterogeneous, and difficult to measure, and so this potential has not yet been realized. The development of improved approaches to EV detection and characterization will be critical to further understanding their roles in physiology and disease. Flow cytometry has been a popular tool for measuring cell‐derived EVs, but has often been used in an uncritical manner in which fundamental principles and limitations of the instrument are ignored. Recent efforts to standardize procedures and document the effects of different methodologies have helped to address this shortcoming, but much work remains. In this paper, I address some of the instrument, reagent, and analysis considerations relevant to measurement of individual EVs in flow, with the aim of clarifying a path to quantitative and standardized measurement of these interesting and potentially important biological nanoparticles. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.