bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weddings and white dresses: Media and sexual citizenship in Japan
Authors: Maree Claire
Published: July 2016

Representations of gender and sexuality in mainstream media operate to both shape the contours of, and contest the limits to, sexual citizenship. The ‘citational practices’ of media representations mould contemporary understandings of these limits. In this article, the author examines mainstream and social media reports of two separate same-sex wedding ceremonies in Japan; the first at a queer community event in 2007 and the second at a major theme park in 2013. Through citations and quotations, a multitude of voices are embedded in the media texts. In the 2007 case, increased media visibility is mitigated by citational practices that clearly mark the same-sex wedding as devoid of legal standing. Whereas media reports situate the 2013 ceremony in the context of marriage equality trends internationally, an instance of possible discrimination is emphasised as being a ‘misunderstanding’. Similarly, a microanalysis of a light news documentary of the ceremony uncovers citational practices that highlight the importance of ‘forgiveness’ or ‘tolerance’ for ‘mutual coexistence’ in society. Furthermore, the reporting confines the ceremony to a ‘fairytale’-like ‘foreign’ domain. The process of ‘othering’ issues of sexual citizenship is linked to a cyclical process since the 1950s wherein representations of queerness are posited as ‘new’ forms of being in Japan. Discourse surrounding sexual citizenship is thereby projected into a non-domestic, non-specific future time.
‘Not in front of the parents!’ Young people, sexual literacies and intimate citizenship in the internet age
Authors: McLelland Mark
Published: July 2016

Clause 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child states that children have the right ‘to seek, receive or impart information and ideas of all kinds, regardless of frontiers, either orally, in writing or in print, in art or in any other media of the child's voice’. However, there is one area in which this directive is constrained in various countries by domestic regulations curtailing children's access to information. That area is human sexuality. The arguments for and against children's access to sex education are well rehearsed. In this article, the author pursues a different angle, looking instead at the increasing restrictions placed upon young people's ability to imagine and communicate with each other about sexual issues, particularly in online settings. The advent of the internet and a range of social networking sites have not only enabled young people to access previously quarantined information about sexuality, but also to actively engage in forms of ‘intimate citizenship’ online. In this article, the author focuses on young people's online fan communities which use characters from popular culture such as Harry Potter or a range of Japanese manga and animation to imagine and explore sexual issues. ‘Child abuse publications legislation’ in Australia and elsewhere now criminalizes the representation of even imaginary characters who are or may only ‘appear to be’ under the age of 18 in sexual scenarios. Hence these children and young people are in danger of being charged with the offence of manufacturing and disseminating child pornography. Despite research into these fandoms that indicates that they are of positive benefit to young people in developing ‘sexual literacies’, there is increasingly diminishing space for young people under the age of 18 to imagine or communicate about sexuality, even in the context of purely fictional scenarios.
Local places and cultural distinction: The booktown model
Authors: Driscoll Beth
Published: July 2016

The international development of booktowns during the late 20th and early 21st centuries has facilitated the accumulation of cultural capital for small towns by mobilizing the prestige of books as cultural objects. This article investigates the booktown phenomenon through a case study of Clunes, a village in regional Australia that has been designated as a booktown since 2007. The Bourdieusian approach of the article investigates cultural intermediaries and audiences at booktown, drawing on interviews and analysis of annual reports. These suggest two key findings. First, while Clunes Booktown participates in a range of regional, national and international networks, these work to focus attention strongly at the local level of the village. Second, the booktown designation relies upon and sometimes shores up the association of books with cultural distinction. Findings also suggest that the peripheral setting of Clunes may offset some of the exclusivity of book culture, as the attractions of the village and its non-book-related activities enable different forms of participation and potentially open up literary culture to a broader public.
Good international citizenship and special responsibilities to protect refugees
Authors: Souter James
Published: July 2016

Good international citizenship is generally seen, either implicitly or explicitly, as being a matter of fulfilling general duties in the realm of foreign policy. In this article, I challenge this prevailing view, by arguing that good international citizenship frequently involves discharging special responsibilities to protect, which in turn involves grants of asylum to refugees. While arguing that asylum should be seen as an important element of good international citizenship as a matter of course, it assumes an even more central role in this citizenship in two scenarios. The first is where humanitarian intervention is either imprudent or politically impossible without violating the procedural norms of international society. The second is when intervention—whether pursued for humanitarian or other reasons—creates refugees, and intervening states may thereby acquire special responsibilities to protect those refugees.
Trading representation: Diplomacy’s influence on preferential trade agreements
Authors: Plouffe Michael , van der Sterren Roos
Published: July 2016

A multidisciplinary literature explores the implications of economic diplomacy, but has largely ignored international cooperation on economic agreements. We provide a first exploration of the implications of bilateral diplomatic missions for the formation of preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We argue that high-level diplomatic relations increase the likelihood of PTA ratification between two countries because diplomats have a number of political and economic incentives to see these agreements implemented. Evidence from a global panel of country dyads spanning 1960–2005 indicates that the presence of ambassadors is linked to an increased probability that a PTA will be concluded within a dyad, opening new avenues for further research.
Parametrization of the fire-smoke exhaust system for a large and high-rise atrium in Shanghai through salt-bath experiment
Authors: Wang Jian , Gui Juan , Gao Jun , Hu Xueli
Published: July 2016

Present specifications in Building Codes in China lack design parameters for smoke exhaust for large and high-rise atrium in buildings. An investigation of natural smoke filling and parametrization of fire-smoke exhaust in an atrium building in Shanghai was conducted based on salt-bath experiment, due to dynamic analogy between thermal smoke movement in air and brine dispersion in water. To obtain a small, scaled-down version of an atrium with a high polyfoam fire up to 1 MW, the brine-bath experiment was conducted with calcium chloride for small strength fire in small-space rooms, to demonstrate the natural smoke filling within the atrium. The interface height and filling time derived was highly comparable to those obtained by empirical equations. The results of computational fluid dynamics simulations agreed well with the salt-bath experiments. The evacuation time was also calculated with a dimensionless interface height of 0.2 to determine whether there was sufficient time for occupants to escape. The smoke filling process under mechanical smoke exhaust was also investigated by experiments, to parametrize the fire smoke exhaust system in the atrium. The optimal smoke exhaust level, natural and mechanical make-up level were determined and were recommended as the design parameters for the construction of atrium in buildings.
From prison to detention: The carceral trajectories of foreign-national prisoners in the United Kingdom
Authors: Turnbull Sarah , Hasselberg Ines
Published: July 2016

The United Kingdom has taken an increasingly punitive stance towards ‘foreign criminals’ using law and policy to pave the way for their expulsion from the country. Imprisonment, then, becomes the first stage in a complex process intertwining identity, belonging and punishment. We draw here on research data from two projects to understand the carceral trajectories of foreign-national offenders in the UK. We consider the lived experiences of male foreign-nationals in two sites: prison and immigration detention. The narratives presented show how imprisonment and detention coalesce within the deportation regime as a ‘double punishment’, one that is highly racialised and gendered. We argue that the UK’s increasingly punitive response to foreign-national offenders challenges the traditional purposes of punishment by sidestepping prisoners’ rehabilitative efforts and denying ‘second chances’ while enacting permanent exclusion through bans on re-entry.
Impacts of advanced diesel combustion operation on soot nanostructure and reactivity
Authors: Yehliu Kuen , Lilik Gregory K , Vander Wal Randy L , Sun Chenxi , Boehman André L
Published: July 2016

Advanced diesel combustion, accomplished via a single pulse fuel injection and high levels of exhaust gas recirculation, is shown to be a path to reduce oxides of nitrogen and particulate matter simultaneously. This is well established in the literature. Less established is how well such dilute combustion processes influence soot formation and affect soot that is emitted from diesel engines under such combustion modes. This work focuses on characterization of the nanostructure and oxidative reactivity of soot generated by a light-duty turbodiesel engine operating under a dilute, low-temperature combustion process referred to as high-efficiency clean combustion. The high-efficiency clean combustion soot samples are shown to have a fullerenic nanostructure, characterized by high levels of tortuosity of the fringe layers as seen in transmission electron micrograph images and as quantified using an image processing algorithm. Thermogravimetric analysis of the high-efficiency clean combustion soot samples shows that they have higher rates of oxidation than soot samples from a conventional diesel combustion mode. The linkage between the nanostructure of the high-efficiency clean combustion soot samples and their oxidative reactivity reinforces and supports the structure–property relationship for soot that greater curvature on the soot nanostructure leads to significant increases in oxidative reactivity.
Numerical study of parachute inflation process based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics fluid structure interaction method
Authors: Cheng Han , Chen Chen , Liu Xiaohan , Li Meng , Chen Zhichao , Wei Lin
Published: July 2016

Shortcomings in large deformation calculations by mesh-based numerical methods have been overcome by smoothed particle hydrodynamics method, which is a new meshless algorithm based on Lagrange description and has been widely used in simulations as blasting and impacting, but not been applied in research of engineered fabrics yet. In this paper, a fluid structure interaction method coupling smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element was proposed, by which the inflating process of a model parachute was investigated. In the modeling of parachute, the same nodes were shared by beam elements of reinforced belts and adjacent canopy elements to simulate the elastic constraints, while the parachute meshes model was adjusted to satisfy requirement of fluid structure interaction calculation by loading internal pressure, and surrounding flow field was described by smoothed particle hydrodynamics particles. Then, the fluid structure interaction calculating could be realized by contacting algorithm between particles and mesh nodes. The dynamic processes of expanding structure and flow field were obtained by this method. According to the analysis of numerical results, the parachute inflating process could be divided into pre-inflating stage, fully inflating stage and inflated stage; moreover, the noise occurred in wind tunnel experiment could be explained by this method. The “breathing” phenomenon and top collapsing of canopy appeared in numerical results, as corresponded to the tunnel experiment. This new method could be a good supplement in parachute design and research.
Preserving Patient's Anonymity for Mobile Healthcare System in IoT Environment
Authors: Baek Seungsoo , Seo Seung-Hyun , Kim Seungjoo
Published: July 2016

Emerging IoT (Internet of Things) technologies provide many benefits to the improvement of healthcare service. The successful deployment of IoT depends on ensuring security and privacy that need to adapt to their processing capabilities. IoT is vulnerable to attacks since communications are mostly wireless. So far, most researchers have only focused on security or privacy issues related to wireless communication in the IoT environment without considering all the communication vulnerabilities. However, since most of biometric data from sensors travel over the cellular network, we are required to study a privacy-enhanced scheme that covers all the secure communications. Therefore, we propose a novel privacy-enhanced mobile healthcare system in the IoT environment. Our proposed scheme provides anonymous communication between a patient and a doctor in a wireless cellular network satisfying security requirements and guaranteeing its efficiency.
A Chaotic Maps-Based Authentication Scheme for Wireless Body Area Networks
Authors: Gao Gaimei , Peng Xinguang , Tian Ye , Qin Zefeng
Published: July 2016

As a technology of monitoring and recording human body health signals, wireless body area networks (WBANs) play an increasingly important role in the field of healthcare. Inspired by the semigroup property of Chebyshev maps, we designed a novel chaotic maps-based authentication scheme for wireless body area networks. The study aims to avoid modular exponential computation or scalar multiplication on an elliptic curve and reduce the need for time-consuming. Compared with the previous schemes, our scheme not only enjoys more security features but also has reduced computational cost of client and application provider. Moreover, we present the security model for our scheme, demonstrate the validity of the protocol by the BAN (Burrows, Abadi, and Needham) logic in detail, and analyze the software implementation method of Chebyshev polynomial.
Multilevel Package Identification Scheme Based on RFID Code and Related Package Message
Authors: Gao Yanghua , Zhang Zhihua , Wang Huanwen , Lu Hailiang
Published: July 2016

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of the key areas of the internet of things (IoT) and widely used in the fields of target identification, security, tracking, anticounterfeiting, and so forth. In some IoT scenario, multilevel package is used to pack the products. The RFID codes of different-level packages imply the subordinate relation. Based on this relation, we can directly obtain the sublevel package code by a package code. It will greatly improve the efficiency of logistics management, especially assisting the tracking and tracing of merchandise. In this paper, a RFID code scheme is introduced to identify different-level packages. With research on the relation of multilevel packages, the subordinate relation of different-level RFID codes is established by recording and storing the inclusion relation between codes in the database. Moreover, the code scheme is applied in Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) management, which is an example of three-level packages, to verify its feasibility.
Location Privacy-Preserving Channel Allocation Scheme in Cognitive Radio Networks
Authors: Li Hongning , Pei Qingqi , Zhang Wenjing
Published: July 2016

As participants of intelligent networks, secondary users should first act as sensors to detect wireless environment to get available spectrum. However, to get more accurate sensing data and access idle spectrum with higher probability in cognitive radio networks, secondary users have to share positions with other entities such as fusion centers, which may raise serious privacy concerns if these positions are not protected adequately. In this paper, to make full use of idle spectrum with low probability of location leakage, we propose a Location Privacy-Preserving Channel Allocation (LP-p CA) scheme. The scheme can conceal identities of secondary users and cut off the relationship between secondary users' location and register data in database (DB) while using random sequence and self-coexistence mechanism of agents. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can satisfy users' personal location privacy concerns and maximize spectrum utility synchronously.
Providing Privacy Protection and Personalization Awareness for Android Devices
Authors: Liang Hongliang , Wu Dongyang , Liu Shirun , Dai Hao , Liu Haifeng
Published: July 2016

With an increasing number of applications appearing, smartphones with powerful processors and a variety of sensors are ideal mobile devices at hand. On one hand, various applications which are able to provide personalization functions that provide the service of interest to users rely on gathering and analyzing the sensor data and other sensitive information. On the other hand, attackers can accurately classify activities of mobile users from these data. As a result, the risk of users compromising their privacy has risen exponentially. Mobile users currently cannot control how various applications handle the privacy of their sensor data. To address the issue, we present P3Android whose architecture can support applications' personalization functions in Android according to users' personae and use the concept of profile to prevent sensitive information from unauthorized access. Furthermore, we provide a privacy protection service for legacy apps. which can enforce different protection policies according to the risk level of apps. All of these cooperate to provide both personalization awareness and privacy protection in Android. Experiments show that P3Android is feasible and effective.
Prospective Case Series of a Novel Minimally Invasive Bipolar Coagulation System in the Treatment of Grade I and II Internal Hemorrhoids
Authors: Crawshaw Benjamin P. , Russ Andrew J. , Ermlich Bridget O. , Delaney Conor P. , Champagne Bradley J.
Published: July 2016

Background. Existing nonsurgical procedures for the treatment of grade I and II internal hemorrhoids are often painful, technically demanding, and often necessitate multiple applications. This study prospectively assessed the safety and efficacy of the HET Bipolar System, a novel minimally invasive device, in the treatment of symptomatic grade I and II internal hemorrhoids. Methods. Patients with symptomatic grade I or II internal hemorrhoids despite medical management underwent hemorrhoidal ligation with the HET Bipolar System. Endpoints included resolution or improvement of hemorrhoidal bleeding and/or prolapse from baseline, recurrent or refractory symptoms, and pain. Results. Twenty patients were treated with the HET Bipolar System. Two were lost to follow-up. Refractory or recurrent bleeding was present in 8 of 18 (44.4%), 4 of 11 (36.4%), and 4 of 8 (50.0%) patients, and prolapse was reported by 1 of 18 (5.6%), 4 of 11 (36.4%), and 1/7 (14.3%) of patients at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Bleeding improved from baseline in 88.2%, 81.8%, and 87.5% of patients, and resolution of baseline prolapse was seen in 11 of 11 (100%), 4 of 7 (57.1%), and 5 of 5 (100%) patients at the same intervals. Thirteen of 18 (72.2%) patients did not require additional treatment for their symptoms. Conclusions. The HET Bipolar System is safe and easy to use with short-term effectiveness comparable to that of currently used techniques for the treatment of symptomatic grade I and II internal hemorrhoids. It may be an effective alternative to rubber band ligation in patients with larger internal hemorrhoids and those with hemorrhoids close to the dentate line in which banding may produce debilitating pain.
Collagenase From Vibrio alginolyticus Cultures
Authors: Bassetto Franco , Maschio Nicola , Abatangelo Giovanni , Zavan Barbara , Scarpa Carlotta , Vindigni Vincenzo
Published: July 2016

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine the activity of collagenase from cultures of Vibrio alginolyticus as in vitro as in biological samples and to evaluate clinical perspectives of this product about the treatment of fibroproliferative diseases like Dupuytren’s contracture. Methods. The experimental part of the study has been divided in 2 stages. In the first stage, the collagenase has been produced in laboratory, assessing its purity, verifying the in vitro degradation of collagen by the enzyme and measuring the size of the fragments; in the second part, an experimental injection into samples of fibrous cord typical of Dupuytren’s disease has been performed in vitro. For the injection we used only collagenase, or collagenase after having subjected them to 2 types of mechanical stress or a collagenase combined with ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid. Considering that the human samples have been treated in vitro, our institution does not require a specific informed consent. Results. It appeared evident that the collagenase obtained from Vibrio alginolyticus (nonpathogenic bacterium) is highly pure (>98%) and does not contain nonspecific protease. The collagenase from Vibrio alginolyticus therefore has an excellent degradative capacity against the collagen and this activity takes on a dose- and time-dependent behavior. The collagenase from Vibrio alginolyticus does not act negatively on cell survival and collagen peptides obtained may provide a better proliferative stimulus compared to controls. Conclusions. The collagenase from Vibrio alginolyticus, given its obvious ability in vitro and biological samples, could be an option in the nonsurgical treatment of Dupuytren’s disease. Level of evidence. Level III, therapeutic.
Cultural Criminology and Gender Consciousness
Authors: Naegler Laura , Salman Sara
Published: July 2016

Cultural criminology emerged in the mid-nineties with defining texts written by Jock Young, Keith Hayward, and Jeff Ferrell, among others. Since its inception, it has been criticized for its shallow connections with feminist theory. While in theory cultural criminology clearly acknowledges the influence of feminist scholarship, it has in practice often only superficially ‘added’ on gender and sexuality to its scholarly investigations. Yet, as we argue, research identified with cultural criminology has much to gain from feminist theory. This article reviews a range of cultural criminological scholarship, particularly studies of subcultures, edgework, and terrorism. We investigate three themes significant for feminist research: masculinities and femininities, sexual attraction and sexualities, and intersectionality. Such themes, if better incorporated, would strengthen cultural criminology by increasing the explanatory power of resulting analyses. We conclude by advocating that feminist ideas be routinely integrated into cultural criminological research.
Molecular Validation of Chondrogenic Differentiation and Hypoxia Responsiveness of Platelet-Lysate Expanded Adipose Tissue–Derived Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Galeano-Garces Catalina , Camilleri Emily T. , Riester Scott M. , Dudakovic Amel , Larson Dirk R. , Qu Wenchun , Smith Jay , Dietz Allan B. , Im Hee-Jeong , Krych Aaron J. , Larson A. Noelle , Karperien Marcel , van Wijnen Andre J.
Published: July 2016

Objective:

To determine the optimal environmental conditions for chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (AMSCs). In this investigation we specifically investigate the role of oxygen tension and 3-dimensional (3D) culture systems.

Design:

Both AMSCs and primary human chondrocytes were cultured for 21 days in chondrogenic media under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (2% oxygen) conditions using 2 distinct 3D culture methods (high-density pellets and poly-ε-caprolactone [PCL] scaffolds). Histologic analysis of chondro-pellets and the expression of chondrocyte-related genes as measured by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to evaluate the efficiency of differentiation.

Results:

AMSCs are capable of expressing established cartilage markers including COL2A1, ACAN, and DCN when grown in chondrogenic differentiation media as determined by gene expression and histologic analysis of cartilage markers. Expression of several cartilage-related genes was enhanced by low oxygen tension, including ACAN and HAPLN1. The pellet culture environment also promoted the expression of hypoxia-inducible cartilage markers compared with cells grown on 3D scaffolds.

Conclusions:

Cell type–specific effects of low oxygen and 3D environments indicate that mesenchymal cell fate and differentiation potential is remarkably sensitive to oxygen. Genetic programming of AMSCs to a chondrocytic phenotype is effective under hypoxic conditions as evidenced by increased expression of cartilage-related biomarkers and biosynthesis of a glycosaminoglycan-positive matrix. Lower local oxygen levels within cartilage pellets may be a significant driver of chondrogenic differentiation.
Investigating the Roles of Affective Processes, Trait Impulsivity, and Working Memory in Impulsive Buying Behaviors
Authors: Alloway Tracy Packiam , Gerzina Ashlee , Moulder Robert
Published: July 2016

The aim of the present study was to test the reliability and validity of a scale for impulsive purchases. We also explored the interaction between two distinct facets of affective processes (hedonic pleasures and negative affect reduction), trait impulsivity, and working memory in impulsive buying behavior. We recruited 155 undergraduate students (late adolescence—early 20s) as they represent a cohort in which financial independence is relatively recent and they are required to assume financial responsibility for their purchasing decisions. The findings indicated that affective processes (hedonic pleasures and negative affect reduction) and some aspects of trait impulsivity (motor impulsivity and cognitive complexity) were significant and unique predictors of impulsive buying behavior. However, working memory did not predict impulsive shopping. The model that provided the best fit using the data was one where affective processes and trait impulsivity were independent predictors of impulsive behaviors. A novel contribution of the present study is the development and investigation of the reliability and validity of a scale that taps the role of negative mood reduction as a driving force behind impulsive buying.
Pubertal Development, Emotion Regulatory Styles, and the Emergence of Sex Differences in Internalizing Disorders and Symptoms in Adolescence
Authors: Alloy Lauren B. , Hamilton Jessica L. , Hamlat Elissa J. , Abramson Lyn Y.
Published: July 2016

Adolescence marks the emergence of sex differences in internalizing symptoms and disorders, with girls at increased risk for depression and anxiety during the pubertal transition. However, the mechanisms through which puberty confers risk for internalizing psychopathology for girls, but not boys, remain unclear. We examined two pubertal indicators (pubertal status and timing) as predictors of the development of emotion regulation styles (rumination and emotional clarity) and depressive and anxiety symptoms and disorders in a three-wave study of 314 adolescents. Path analyses indicated that early pubertal timing, but not pubertal status, predicted increased rumination, but not decreased emotional clarity, in adolescent girls, but not boys. Additionally, rumination mediated the association between early pubertal timing and increased depressive, but not anxiety, symptoms and disorder onset among adolescent girls. These findings suggest that the sex difference in depression may result partly from early maturing girls’ greater tendency to develop ruminative styles than boys.
The Effectiveness of Pharmacist-Provided Telephonic Medication Therapy Management on Emergency Department Utilization in Home Health Patients
Authors: Gernant Stephanie A. , Snyder Margie E. , Jaynes Heather , Sutherland Jason M. , Zillich Alan J.
Published: July 2016

Background: Preventable emergency department (ED) use may be targeted with interventions for improving the medication use process, as medication misadventures and nonadherence frequently cause preventable ED utilization. One intervention that could prevent ED visits is medication therapy management (MTM). Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephonic MTM service on reducing ED utilization within a Medicare-insured home health population. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from a cluster-randomized controlled trial examining hospitalizations among Medicare-insured patients within 40 randomly selected, geographically diverse, home health centers. The intervention consisted of an initial telephonic medication reconciliation with a pharmacy technician, a telephonic pharmacist-provided medication review, and follow-up pharmacist phone calls. The primary outcome of this analysis was 60-day all-cause ED utilization. Patients’ baseline risk of ED utilization was calculated, and patients were stratified into quartiles based on their baseline risk of ED utilization. Adjusted odd ratios of ED utilization were calculated. Results: Data from 656 patients (intervention n = 297, usual care n = 359) were available for this study. Overall, the MTM intervention was not associated with 60-day ED use, as 24.4% of intervention patients and 25.1% of usual care patients utilized the ED (adjusted odds ratio = 1.11; 95% confidence interval = 0.79-1.57). However, there was lower ED utilization among patients in the lowest risk-quartile (adjusted odds ratio = 2.52; 95% confidence interval = 1.15-5.49; P = .02). Conclusion: This pharmacist-delivered telephonic MTM program did not decrease ED utilization overall in a Medicare-insured home health population, but may further reduce the risk of ED utilization among patients who are at lower risk of utilization.
Trafficking of MHC molecules to the cell surface creates dynamic protein patches
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel , Edidin Michael , Gheber Levi A.
Published: July 2016

Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules signal infection or transformation by engaging receptors on T lymphocytes. The spatial organization of MHC-I on the plasma membranes is important for this engagement. We and others have shown that MHC-I molecules, like other membrane proteins, are not uniformly distributed, but occur in patches in the plasma membrane. Here, we describe the temporal details of MHC-I patch formation and combine them with the spatial details, which we have described earlier, to yield a comprehensive quantitative description of patch formation. MHC-I is delivered to the plasma membrane in clathrin-coated vesicles, arriving at a rate of ∼2.5×10−3 μm−1 min−1 (or about two arrivals per minute over the whole cell). The vesicles dock and fuse at non-random, apparently targeted, locations on the membrane and the newly delivered MHC-I molecules form patches that are a few hundred nanometers in diameter. The patches are maintained at steady state by a dynamic equilibrium between the rate of delivery and the rate of hindered diffusion of MHC-I molecules out of the patches (caused by components of the actin cytoskeleton).
Skb5, an SH3 adaptor protein, regulates Pmk1 MAPK signaling by controlling the intracellular localization of Mkh1 MAPKKK
Authors: Kanda Yuki , Satoh Ryosuke , Matsumoto Saki , Ikeda Chisato , Inutsuka Natsumi , Hagihara Kanako , Matzno Sumio , Tsujimoto Sho , Kita Ayako , Sugiura Reiko
Published: July 2016

The MAPK cascade is a highly conserved signaling module composed of MAPK/MAPKK/MAPKKK. MAPKKK Mkh1 is an initiating kinase in Pmk1 MAPK signaling, which regulates cell integrity in fission yeast. Our genetic screen for regulators of Pmk1 signaling identified Skb5 (Shk1 kinase binding protein 5), an SH3 domain-containing adaptor protein. Here, we showed that Skb5 serves as an inhibitor of Pmk1 MAPK signaling activation by downregulating Mkh1 localization to cell tips via its interaction with the SH3 domain. Consistently, the Mkh13PA mutant protein, with impaired Skb5 binding, remained in the cell tips, even when Skb5 was overproduced. Intriguingly, Skb5 needs Mkh1 to localize to the growing ends as Mkh1 deletion and disruption of Mkh1 binding impairs Skb5 localization. Deletion of Pck2, an upstream activator of Mkh1, impaired the cell tip localization of Mkh1 and Skb5 as well as Mkh1/Skb5 interaction. Interestingly, both Pck2 and Mkh1 localized to the cell tips at the G1/S phase, which coincided with Pmk1 MAPK activation. Altogether, Mkh1 localization to cell tips is important for transmitting upstream signaling to Pmk1 and Skb5 spatially regulates this process.
A current view of serotonin transporters
Authors: De Felice Louis J.
Published: July 2016

Serotonin transporters (SERTs) are largely recognized for one aspect of their function—to transport serotonin back into the presynaptic terminal after its release. Another aspect of their function, however, may be to generate currents large enough to have physiological consequences. The standard model for electrogenic transport is the alternating access model, in which serotonin is transported with a fixed ratio of co-transported ions resulting in net charge per cycle. The alternating access model, however, cannot account for all the observed currents through SERT or other monoamine transporters.  Furthermore, SERT agonists like ecstasy or antagonists like fluoxetine generate or suppress currents that the standard model cannot support.  Here we survey evidence for a channel mode of transport in which transmitters and ions move through a pore. Available structures for dopamine and serotonin transporters, however, provide no evidence for a pore conformation, raising questions of whether the proposed channel mode actually exists or whether the structural data are perhaps missing a transient open state.
Demographic reproduction of young generation of the Orel region
Authors: Проказина  , Prokazina Natalya , Меркулов  , Merkulov Pavel , Перевозкин  , Perevozkin Leonid
Published: July 2016

In the article on the basis of analysis of statistical data the main characteristics of the demographic processes are considered that have a significant impact on the demographic situation as a whole. The authors focus on the analysis of the demographic reproduction of the young generation of the Orel region. The dynamics of indicators for five years shows that Orel demographic development is characterized by a certain instability for the last five years. The authors argue that in the current unfavorable demographic situation the most attention should be paid to the problems of young family, as it can be included actively in the positive development of the process of reproduction of the population.
Socio-cultural system of the region (sociological analisys)
Authors: Тришина  , Trishina Tatyana , Павлова  , Pavlova Olga , Реутов  , Reutov Evgeniy
Published: July 2016

The socio-cultural system in the Belgorod region, as follows from the results of sociology research, is characterized by stability and integrity. To a certain extent, it is a result of preserving the significant share of traditionalism in public consciousness. The moral guidelines for most citizens in the region are set by prevailing norms in society, which have a high degree of rejection of various social deviations. Currently, there is a transformation of traditional values and practices in «modern» ones - with the leading role of individualism, escalating consumer demand and gradual refusal from the comprehensive state regulation. However, orientation to the stability, not to the change, is the dominant of mass consciousness.
Family as an athropological, social and cultural system of the procedural institutional type
Authors: Каменева  , Kameneva Tatyana
Published: July 2016

The article deals with the analysis of the concept of family as a social institution and a small group in the conditions of modern society. The processes of family transformation are considered. The interpretation of family as the anthropological, social and cultural system of the procedural and institutional type is suggested. The functioning and development of family as a system are caused by social relations and interactions of its elements – individuals. Family is a system of stable social actions and interactions of its members; it exists due to their interrelated and role behavior. Its basis is communication, creating conditions for interaction of family members, and social practices providing family reproduction. Social practices have to be directed towards self-preservation, reproduction of status and role system of communications and satisfaction of the family members’ social needs.
Dynamics of the social structure of the Russian middle class
Authors: Алексеенок  , Alekseenok Anna , Гальцова  , Galtsova Anna
Published: July 2016

The article presents a study of the dynamics of the social structure of the Russian middle class. It examines the dynamics of a number of different social groups in Russia in 2003-2014, «blocking» signs for the population which is not a member of the middle class, 2003-2014, self-assessment of the dynamics of 2014 and the possible dynamics for the next year of the financial position in the last year prior the survey in the different groups of the population. Also the analysis of dynamics of value orientations of different population groups, social identity, of the ways and the main types of leisure in the middle class is held. The article compares the model of Russian social structure, built on the basis of social self-assessment of the status of the Russian people in 2014 and 2000.
Prediction of road safety indicators based on statistical analysis
Authors: Матросова  , Matrosova Lidiya , Семенов  , Semenov Evgeniy
Published: July 2016

The article examines the problems of organization of the comprehensive statistical analysis using automated information systems for processing information of traffic accidents. To solve the problems the Multiparameter information-analytical system (MIAS) of monitoring, analysis and prediction of the situation in the field of road safety was developed. The system allows to estimate thresholds of situation indicators in the field of road safety as a subject of operational and annual information by using methods of statistical analysis. It is used as an information-analytical support of making decisions in the traffic police departments.
Reforming of state civil service of Russia in the conditions of distribution of the concept «new publicity»: problems and restrictions
Authors: Слатинов  , Slatinov Vladimir
Published: July 2016

Administrative reforms have entered a new "postmanager" phase in the developed countries. Its certain characteristic is the increased attention to enforce proper management ability of the state under the broad involvement of business and public in decision of public affairs. Receiving the widespread in public administration, the theory of the concept of "new publicity" forms the modern approaches to the development of public values and ensuring their influence on public policy and management. In transit political and administrative systems the formation of mechanisms of public involvement in reforming the state and municipal management is becoming an important factor in the success of administrative reforms. Using the principles and techniques of public participation of civil society in the reform of the Russian Civil Service is declared by the political elite and set legally. However, the decisive influence of motives of political and administrative rent extraction and the associated dominance in personnel policy in government of protectionism and clientelism does not allow to achieve systemic change in the course of reforming the Civil Service of Russia.
The role of civil society institutions in the formation of mechanisms and technologies of realization of state youth policy in modern Russia
Authors: Елисеев  , Eliseev Anatoliy , Кретов  , Kretov Andrey
Published: July 2016

The article deals with topical issues of realization of state youth policy in modern Russia. The main attention is paid to the political socialization of the Russian youth. The authors study the possibility of involving civil society in the decision of the objectives of state youth policy. The problems of public-civil partnership in the sphere of youth policy are analyzed. The criteria for the effeciency of the activity of public associations in the political socialization of young Russian citizens are developed. Some ideas of coordination of «youth parliaments», «youth governments» and research associations of young scientists to improve the mechanisms of technology of state youth policy are suggested. The conclusion about the need for legislative enforcement of the powers of institutions of civil society in the field of political socialization of the Russian youth is made.
Historical memory: institutionalization in public consciousness and state policy
Authors: Панова  , Panova Ekaterina , Васютин  , Vasyutin Yuriy
Published: July 2016

The authors of the article studied the phenomenon of historical memory of the generations and analyzed the tendencies of its conceptualization, defined its dialectical relationship with contemporary processes of globalization, democratic consolidation and political modernization of the government and the society. Based on the current international situation, as well as political development of Russia, the authors substantiate the conceptual idea of the right to historical memory and draw a conclusion about its natural institutionalization in the public consciousness and the state policy in the Russian Federation.
The role of virtual protest in the system of protest public communication
Authors: Столяров  , Stolyarov Artem
Published: July 2016

The article is devoted to the issue of using means of the Internet in the protest communication system. In the context of politics the possibilities of the Internet as a source are not fully researched. The author analyzes socio-political phenomenon of virtual protest and its value in the development of political process, considers so-called ‘hacktivism’ as a new kind of political participation and evaluates prospectives of using the Internet as a powerful instrument of protest activity. The issues, which can create possibilities of social networks and their role in social communication, are specially highlighted. The important part of the article is devoted to observing protests in Russia at the end of 2011 and at the beginning of 2012 and the events of the Arab spring as well as influence of social networks on those events.
Is it the end of the Spanish bipartisanship? (on the results of the parliamentary elections in 2015 in Spain)
Authors: Фонсека  , Fonseka Neli
Published: July 2016

The article describes the results of the regional and national parliamentary elections in Spain in 2015. The reasons for the loss of the monopoly of ruling Conservative People’s Party and the Spanish Socialist Workers Party are revealed. The features of entering political arena of new «young» political forces such as the left party Podemos, and the right-populist party Ciudadanos are summarized. In addition, the problem of forming a coalition in the Parliament is analyzed and the prospects for Spain´s exit of the political crisis are assessed.
Perspectives of the state education policy in Russia
Authors: Журавлева  , Zhuravleva Larisa
Published: July 2016

The article is devoted to the actual problem of identifying priority areas of implementation of the state educational policy in modern Russia. The author summarizes the political and legal basis of the state policy in the sphere of education, determines the problematic aspects of the activities of state bodies in the field of education, and suggests the ways to optimize educational policy based on complex management actions.

The author notes that the priorities of the state educational policy are objectified in legal acts, state programs, concepts. It is noted that the translation of the federal legal framework in the field of education are the regional programs. Their goal is synergistic social and economic effects, namely: increasing the competitiveness of education, human capital, ensuring the needs of the growing economy for qualified workers and improving the efficiency of their use; improving the efficiency of the use of budgetary funds in the area of education through the implementation of integrated system projects.

Mechanisms for the implementation of educational strategies, based on complex management actions, would create a single federal center of legal and methodical support of educational institutions, the establishment of standard quality assessment in the field of education in view of the variety of types and kinds of educational institutions.
Influence of participatory budgeting on the opportunities of territorial development
Authors: Цуркан  , Tsurkan Marina
Published: July 2016

The article examines various aspects of the implementation of participatory budgeting, considered as a tool for the development of the territories. The conceptual space of the category «participatory budgeting» is defined, domestic and foreign experience in implementation of relevant projects at the municipal level is studied, the factors of influence the examined tool on the possibility of the development of territories are formed, criteria indicators of implementation participatory budgeting in the municipality are proposed.

The solution of local problems within the framework of participatory budgeting will contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas.
E-interaction of business and government: problems and perspectives
Authors: Гуляева  , Gulyaeva Valeriya
Published: July 2016

The realization of the conception of e-government in Russia is designed to raise the efficiency of public administration. The role of e-government services was evaluated for the small and medium business, and the problems of this method of cooperation were also studied.

The methodological basis of the research is the comprehensive approach and the statistical methods of analysis.

Special attention is given to identifying the factors which affect the choice of electronic mode of cooperation. There are some conclusions. Subjective factors influence the choice of mode of electronic cooperation very much, so the measures of popularization of e-government services are needed. In addition there is the use of individual elements of e-government that significantly reduces the cost for public services. The essential problem is to use the services of the intermediary organizations.The results of the analysis can assist to the improvement of the effectiveness of realization of e-government conception in Russia.