bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, and anti-CYPA autoantibody as diagnostic markers in ovarian cancer
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Li Qing , Sun Guiying , Li Tiandong , Zou Yuanlin , Ye Hua , Wang Keyan , Shi Jianxiang , Wang Peng
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this study was to identify novel autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and explore a diagnostic panel for Ovarian cancer (OC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression of five anti-TAA autoantibodies in the discovery (70 OC and 70 normal controls) and validation cohorts (128 OC and 128 normal controls). Machine learning methods were used to construct a diagnostic panel. Serum samples from 81 patients with benign ovarian disease were used to identify the specificity of anti-TAA autoantibodies for OC. In both the discovery and validation cohorts, the expression of anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, anti-CYPA, and anti-PFN1 was higher in patients with OC than that in normal controls. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity of the panel containing anti-CFL1, anti-EZR, and anti-CYPA were 0.762, 55.56%, and 81.31%. The panel identified 53.06%, 53.33%, and 51.11% of CA125 negative, HE4 negative and the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm negative OC patients, respectively. The combination of the three anti-TAA autoantibodies can serve as a favorable diagnostic tool for OC and has the potential to be a complementary biomarker for CA125 and HE4 in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer.
MiR-204-5p may regulate oxidative stress in myopia
Authors: Jiang Bo , Hong Nan , Guo Dongyu , Shen Jianqin , Qian Xilin , Dong Feng
Published: April 2024

The mechanisms underlying myopia remain not fully understood. We proposed to examine the function and underlying mechanisms of miR-204-5p in myopia development. The miR-204-5p expression level was assessed in the vitreous humor (VH) of a cohort consisting of 11 patients with high myopia (HM) and 16 control patients undergoing vitrectomy. Then the functional implications of miR-204-5p in ARPE-19 cells were assessed. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) was found as a possible target of miR-204-5p through mRNA sequencing, and its interaction with miR-204-5p was confirmed employing luciferase assay and western blotting. Furthermore, the miR-204-5p function in regulating oxidative stress was examined by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. The results indicated a significant reduction of miR-204-5p in the VH of HM patients. Overexpression of miR-204-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. The direct targeting of miR-204-5p on TXNIP has been confirmed, and its downregulation mediated the miR-204-5p impacts on ARPE-19 cells. Moreover, miR-204-5p overexpression significantly reduced ROS accumulation by targeting TXNIP. Our findings revealed the possible contribution of the miR-204-5p/TXNIP axis in myopia development by regulating oxidative stress, which may provide new targets to combat this prevalent and debilitating condition.
A geopolitical-economy of distant water fisheries access arrangements
Authors: Campling Liam , Havice Elizabeth , Virdin John , Carmine Gabrielle , Andriamahefazafy Mialy , Barbesgaard Mads , Chakravarty Siddharth , Gorez Béatrice , Hetherington Dan , Kim Hyunjung , Mfodwo Kwame , Standing Andre
Published: April 2024

In recent decades, fishing fleets and effort have grown in aggregate throughout the waters of lower-income coastal countries, much of which is carried out by vessels registered in higher-income countries. Fisheries access arrangements (FAAs) underpin this key trend in ocean fisheries and have their origins in UNCLOS’s promise to establish resource ownership as a mechanism to increase benefits to newly independent coastal and island states. Coastal states use FAAs to permit a foreign state, firm, or industry association to fish within its waters. This paper provides a conceptual approach for understanding FAAs across the global ocean and for exploring their potential to deliver on the promise of UNCLOS. Illustrated with the findings from multiple case studies, we advance understanding of FAAs by developing a geopolitical-economy of access that attends to the combination of contingent and context-specific economic, ecologic, and geopolitical forces that shape the terms, conditions and practices of the FAAs shaping this persistent phenomenon of higher-income industrial fleets fishing throughout lower-income countries’ waters.
Aggregation of activity data on crop management can induce large uncertainties in estimates of regional nitrogen budgets
Authors: Rahimi Jaber , Haas Edwin , Scheer Clemens , Grados Diego , Abalos Diego , Aderele Meshach Ojo , Blicher-Mathiesen Gitte , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus
Published: April 2024

A complete understanding of the nexus between productivity and sustainability of agricultural production systems calls for a comprehensive assessment of the nitrogen budget (NB). In our study, data from the well-monitored Danish Agricultural Watershed Monitoring Program (LOOP-program; 2013–2019) is used for a quantitative inter-comparison of three different approaches to drive the process-based model LandscapeDNDC on the regional scale. The aim is to assess how assumptions and simplifications about farm management activities at a regional scale induce previously unquantified uncertainties in the simulation of yields and the NB of cropping systems. Our findings reveal that the approach based on detailed field-level management data (A) performs the best in simulation of yield (r2 = 0.93). In contrast, the other two different data aggregation approaches (B: Sequential mono-cropping of six major crops with simulation results averaged according to proportional area, and C: simulation of 20 most frequent crop rotations) have lower correlations to the observed yields (r2 = 0.92 and 0.77, respectively) but are still statistically significant at p < 0.05 level. Notable differences arise between detailed and more aggregated crop system simulations concerning the NB, particularly concerning N losses to the environment. Compared to the detailed approach (A) (gaseous N fluxes: 24.3 kg-N ha−1 year−1; nitrate leaching: 14.7 kg-N ha−1 year−1), the aggregation approach B leads to a 31.4% over-estimation in total gaseous N fluxes (+7.6 kg-N ha−1 year−1), while nitrate leaching shows a similar average with a distinct pattern. Conversely, employing aggregation approach C leads to a 17.6% over-estimation in total gaseous fluxes (+4.3 kg-N ha−1 year−1) and a 204.9% over-estimation in nitrate leaching (+30.2 kg-N ha−1 year−1). These findings suggest that management representation should be chosen carefully because it can induce large uncertainties, especially when simulating large-scale NBs or assessing the environmental impact of cropping management. This may compromise the accuracy of national and international nutrient budgets, and preclude comparisons among different sources when the approaches for management representation differ.
Leveraging engineered nanomaterials to support material circularity
Authors: Gilbertson Leanne M. , Eckelman Matthew J. , Theis Thomas L.
Published: April 2024

There are numerous opportunities for nanomaterials and nanotechnology to support circular economy adoption. In this perspective, we present the important role engineered nanomaterials can play in advancing the circularity of bulk composite materials.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the initial stage induction of alkali-activated aluminosilicate minerals
Authors: Guo Feng , Chen Jizhou , Tang Qingyin , Sun Mengqi , Feng Haibao , Gao Hailiang , Li Mengmeng , Lu Shuang
Published: April 2024

Molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the micro-reaction behavior of geopolymers and to explore the induction process and structural evolution of the initial stages.
Nanoparticle assembly by transient topography induced by applying soft lithography to block copolymer films
Authors: Banik Meneka , Shenhar Roy
Published: April 2024

Imparting topography to block copolymer films using soft lithography and then relaxing them using solvent vapour leads to smooth films with unique chemical contrasts that enable nanoparticle deposition into hierarchically-organized superstructures.
A physicist’s approach to public transportation networks
Authors: Holovatch Yurij
Published: April 2024

The above picture shows public transportation on the Halyts’ka Square in my home city of Lviv, Ukraine. One can date the photo simply by having a closer look at the trams with the knowledge that the electric tram appeared in Lviv during 1894 and the horse tram ceased to exist by 1908.
Controlled transport by molecular machines: exploring biological motors and their physics
Authors: Rodriguez-Franco V. , Mañosas M. , Ritort F.
Published: April 2024

Molecular motors are fascinating biological machines that play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes, including mass transport, muscle contraction, DNA replication, transcription and repair, and RNA translation. These structures convert chemical energy from adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis into mechanical work.
« L’IA générative pourra peut-être aider à découvrir de nouvelles règles de la physique »
Authors: Dupin Ludovic , Terminet François
Published: April 2024

Christophe Biernacki, professeur de statistiques à l’université de Lille et directeur scientifique adjoint à l’Inria (Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique), décrit la révolution de l’intelligence artificielle générative, outil majeur pour la formation et le développement de nouvelles connaissances.
« Imiter le vrai, ce n’est pas dire vrai »
Authors: Dupin Ludovic , Terminet François , Thevenon Jean-Bernard
Published: April 2024

Alexei Grinbaum est directeur de recherche et président du Comité opérationnel pilote d’éthique du numérique du CEA. Son tout récent livre Parole de machines décrit la relation des humains avec ces machines « parlantes » que sont les IA.
Edoxaban, Rivaroxaban, or Apixaban for Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism in the Real World: Insights from the COMMAND VTE Registry-2
Authors: Sueta Daisuke , Yamashita Yugo , Morimoto Takeshi , Chatani Ryuki , Nishimoto Yuji , Kaneda Kazuhisa , Ikeda Nobutaka , Kobayashi Yohei , Ikeda Satoshi , Kim Kitae , Inoko Moriaki , Takase Toru , Tsuji Shuhei , Oi Maki , Takada Takuma , Otsui Kazunori , Sakamoto Jiro , Ogihara Yoshito , Inoue Takeshi , Usami Shunsuke , Chen Po-Min , Togi Kiyonori , Koitabashi Norimichi , Hiramori Seiichi , Doi Kosuke , Mabuchi Hiroshi , Tsuyuki Yoshiaki , Murata Koichiro , Takabayashi Kensuke , Nakai Hisato , Shioyama Wataru , Dohke Tomohiro , Nishikawa Ryusuke , Kimura Takeshi , Tsujita Kenichi ,   On behalf of the COMMAND VTE Registry-2 Investigators
Published: April 2024

Background Real-world data on clinical characteristics and outcomes related to the use of different direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for cancer-associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is lacking.

Methods The COMMAND VTE Registry-2 is a multicenter registry enrolling 5,197 consecutive patients with acute symptomatic VTE from 31 centers in Japan from January 2015 to August 2020. Our study population comprised 1,197 patients with active cancer who were divided into the edoxaban (N = 643, 54%), rivaroxaban (N = 297, 25%), and apixaban (N = 257, 22%) groups.

Results The cumulative 5-year incidence of recurrent VTE (9.3, 10.2, and 8.5%, respectively, p = 0.82) and all-cause death (67.5, 66.8, and 63.8%, respectively, p = 0.22) did not differ among the groups. Despite adjusting for confounders, the risks of recurrent VTE and all-cause death did not differ significantly among the groups. The cumulative 5-year incidence of major and clinically relevant bleeding was significantly lower in the rivaroxaban group than those in the other groups (22.6, 14.0, and 22.8%, p = 0.04; and 37.6, 26.8, and 38.3%, p = 0.01, respectively). After adjusting for confounders, in the rivaroxaban group, the risk for major bleeding was numerically lower (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40–1.01) and that of clinically relevant all bleeding was significantly lower (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.92) than those in the edoxaban group.

Conclusion The risks of recurrent VTE and all-cause death did not differ significantly among the different DOACs ; however, the risk of bleeding events could differ, with a potentially lower risk of bleeding with rivaroxaban.
Lappodochium lageniforme transferred to Botryoderma, with validation of the name Botryoderma rostratum (Chaetomiaceae, Sordariales)
Authors: Barreto Gabriel Ginane , de Souza Maria Gabriella Andrade Primo , Costa-Rezende Diogo Henrique , Gusmão Luís Fernando Pascholati
Published: April 2024

The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the monotypic genus Lappodochium Matsush. and its constituent species Lappodochium lageniforme Matsush. have long been uncertain. A multilocus phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 datasets and morphological data were used to establish relationships of Lappodochium lageniforme within the Chaetomiaceae. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a strongly supported monophyletic clade of Lappodochium lageniforme with Botryoderma strains. These results provide sufficient data to re-examine the phylogenetic position of Lappodochium and propose the new combination Botryoderma lageniforme (Matsush.) Gusmão, G.G.Barreto & M.G.A.Primo. The previously invalidly published B. rostratum is also validated, as B. rostratum Papendorf & H.P.Upadhyay ex Gusmão & G.G.Barreto. We also provide a key and synopsis of all accepted Botryoderma species.
Hidden hotspots of amphibian biodiversity in China
Authors: Xu Wei , Wu Yun-He , Zhou Wei-Wei , Chen Hong-Man , Zhang Bao-Lin , Chen Jin-Min , Xu Weihua , Rao Ding-Qi , Zhao Haipeng , Yan Fang , Yuan Zhiyong , Jiang Ke , Jin Jie-Qiong , Hou Mian , Zou Dahu , Wang Li-Jun , Zheng Yuchi , Li Jia-Tang , Jiang Jianping , Zeng Xiao-Mao , Chen Youhua , Liao Zi-Yan , Li Cheng , Li Xue-You , Gao Wei , Wang Kai , Zhang Dong-Ru , Lu Chenqi , Yin Tingting , Ding Zhaoli , Zhao Gui-Gang , Chai Jing , Zhao Wen-Ge , Zhang Ya-Ping , Wiens John J. , Che Jing
Published: April 2024

Identifying and protecting hotspots of endemism and species richness is crucial for mitigating the global biodiversity crisis. However, our understanding of spatial diversity patterns is far from complete, which severely limits our ability to conserve biodiversity hotspots. Here, we report a comprehensive analysis of amphibian species diversity in China, one of the most species-rich countries on Earth. Our study combines 20 y of field surveys with new molecular analyses of 521 described species and also identifies 100 potential cryptic species. We identify 10 hotspots of amphibian diversity in China, each with exceptional species richness and endemism and with exceptional phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism (based on a new time-calibrated, species-level phylogeny for Chinese amphibians). These 10 hotspots encompass 59.6% of China’s described amphibian species, 49.0% of cryptic species, and 55.6% of species endemic to China. Only four of these 10 hotspots correspond to previously recognized biodiversity hotspots. The six new hotspots include the Nanling Mountains and other mountain ranges in South China. Among the 186 species in the six new hotspots, only 9.7% are well covered by protected areas and most (88.2%) are exposed to high human impacts. Five of the six new hotspots are under very high human pressure and are in urgent need of protection. We also find that patterns of richness in cryptic species are significantly related to those in described species but are not identical.
Radiocarbon chronology of Iron Age Jerusalem reveals calibration offsets and architectural developments
Authors: Regev Johanna , Gadot Yuval , Uziel Joe , Chalaf Ortal , Shalev Yiftah , Roth Helena , Shalom Nitsan , Szanton Nahshon , Bocher Efrat , Pearson Charlotte L. , Brown David M. , Mintz Eugenia , Regev Lior , Boaretto Elisabetta
Published: April 2024

Reconstructing the absolute chronology of Jerusalem during the time it served as the Judahite Kingdom’s capital is challenging due to its dense, still inhabited urban nature and the plateau shape of the radiocarbon calibration curve during part of this period. We present 103 radiocarbon dates from reliable archaeological contexts in five excavation areas of Iron Age Jerusalem, which tie between archaeology and biblical history. We exploit Jerusalem’s rich past, including textual evidence and vast archaeological remains, to overcome difficult problems in radiocarbon dating, including establishing a detailed chronology within the long-calibrated ranges of the Hallstatt Plateau and recognizing short-lived regional offsets in atmospheric
14
C concentrations. The key to resolving these problems is to apply stringent field methodologies using microarchaeological methods, leading to densely radiocarbon-dated stratigraphic sequences. Using these sequences, we identify regional offsets in atmospheric
14
C concentrations c. 720 BC, and in the historically secure stratigraphic horizon of the Babylonian destruction in 586 BC. The latter is verified by 100 single-ring measurements between 624 to 572 BC. This application of intense
14
C dating sheds light on the reconstruction of Jerusalem in the Iron Age. It provides evidence for settlement in the 12th to 10th centuries BC and that westward expansion had already begun by the 9th century BC, with extensive architectural projects undertaken throughout the city in this period. This was followed by significant damage and rejuvenation of the city subsequent to the mid-eight century BC earthquake, after which the city was heavily fortified and continued to flourish until the Babylonian destruction.
Conceptualizing museum translation
Authors: Mertens Irmak , Decroupet Sophie
Published: April 2024

The scholarly debate in translation studies and related fields has extensively addressed the definition, scope,
and limitations of translation. We contend that museum translation, which encompasses both the traditional “translation proper” as
well as the non-verbal and multimodal aspects of translation, is central to this debate. Museum translation covers an extensive
spectrum of perspectives, which contribute to the expansion of the concept of translation and the field of translation studies. It
capitalizes on the intrinsic interdisciplinarity of museum studies and translation studies, fostering a profound exchange of
disciplines and serving as an ideal foundation for discussing the boundaries of translation. It has a dynamic nature that can
contract or expand to suit the researcher’s perspective and disciplinary concentration. A comprehensive examination of the
intricate procedures encompassed by museum translation is, therefore, timely. In this article, we examine and compare different
applications of this concept and provide an overview of how various disciplines and research foci have approached this area of
study. We aim to contribute to the ongoing development of the concept of museum translation and its position in translation
studies, a call further addressed by each author in this special issue titled “Museums as Spaces of Cultural Translation and
Transfer.”
Evaluation of the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) as a quick and practical proxy for language
proficiency
Authors: Liu Hong , Chaouch-Orozco Adel
Published: April 2024

The present study compares the performance of two quick lexical tests, the Multilingual Naming Test (MINT) and the
Lexical Test for Advanced Learners of English (LexTALE), to evaluate their suitability to serve as proxies for English proficiency
in second language learners. Specifically, it investigates how well these tests’ results align with those of the Quick Placement
Test (QPT), an objective placement test employed in previous validations of the LexTALE. Considering recent findings by Puig-Mayenco et al. (2023) suggesting the LexTALE is apt for measuring advanced
proficiencies but is less reliable with lower ones, our study aims to test the performance of both the LexTALE and MINT across
different proficiencies. Two hundred nineteen Chinese learners of English, spanning both higher and lower proficiency levels,
participated in the study. The results showed that the relationship between the MINT and QPT was similar to that between the
LexTALE and QPT. However, the MINT demonstrated better performance than the LexTALE in assessing lower proficiency levels. These
results underscore the MINT’s potential to serve as a quick and valid proxy for proficiency across all levels, particularly in
research contexts where the use of longer and more comprehensive assessment tools is not possible.
Refractive index measurement using virtual—apparent image coincidence approach
Authors: Abdullah Rawand H
Published: April 2024

In this study, we explore novel approaches to determining the index of refraction for various mediums by leveraging virtual images. We introduce a simplified yet effective method that utilizes apparent object positions resulting from light bending in a medium. Our focus lies in measuring the refractive index of liquids without the need for a microscope, emphasizing the measurement of real and apparent depths through the coincidence of virtual and apparent images. Comparative analysis with established techniques reveals the precision of our results, with accurate determinations of object and image positions.

Through the collection and graphing of paired data, we calculate the refractive indices of water, vegetable oil, and ethanol. Our findings underscore the significance of this scientific methodology, offering time-efficient, implementable, and easily comprehensible procedures. We posit that this study holds promise for educational applications at various levels. Moreover, we propose extending our methodology to transparent solid materials, thereby broadening its potential applications.
Analysis of a time-dependent memristor-based chaotic system and its application in image encryption
Authors: Xiong Li , Wang Yue , An Xinlei
Published: April 2024

Compared with ordinary chaotic systems, memristor-based chaotic systems have more complex dynamic behaviors and are more suitable for image encryption algorithms. In this paper, a four-dimensional chaotic system is constructed by introducing a cubic nonlinear memristor into a three-dimensional chaotic system. Firstly, the dynamic characteristics of the constructed memristor-based chaotic system are analyzed in detail, and the simulation results show that the system has different attractors with different topological structures at different simulation times. Within a fixed simulation time, the system has 15 attractors with different topological structures under different parameter values, and there is a phenomenon of multiple stability in the system, indicating high complexity. Based on the above discoveries, a color image encryption algorithm including scrambling and diffusion is designed. Experimental results show that this algorithm can perfectly hide the information of the plaintext image, and the decrypted image is consistent with the plaintext image. Finally, the security of the algorithm is analyzed by using key space and so on. The analysis results indicate that the encryption algorithm designed in this paper can effectively resist external attacks and has high security.
In-situ online detection of carbon during combustion via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Ge Yifan , Aizezi Nuerbiye , Zhou Zhuoyan , Cai Jinzhu , Liu Yuzhu
Published: April 2024

The combustion of fossil fuels is primarily responsible for disrupting the carbon cycle equilibrium by releasing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Therefore, detecting GHG emissions from fossil fuels is extremely important. In this study, utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), a new method for real-time in-situ detection of carbon fluctuations during combustion has been developed. The combustion of fossil fuels is emulated through the controlled burning of candles within a confined area, and the elemental content of the surrounding air during this process is analyzed. Fluctuations in the intensity of CN spectral lines were tracked to reveal changes in carbon concentration. The backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is used to identify and verify local air with different carbon concentrations, and the predictions are accurate. In conclusion, the integration of BPNN and LIBS for the purpose of identifying variations in carbon content during combustion provides an effective method for environmental management.
Bit error rate of M-pulse position modulated laser beams for vertical links operating in weak oceanic turbulence
Authors: Gerçekcioğlu Hamza , Baykal Yahya
Published: April 2024

The on-axis scintillation index of laser beams is investigated by employing the Rytov method in a weakly turbulent oceanic medium for up/downlink coupling of laser communication between any underwater vehicles or divers. For vertical links, the formulation of the on-axis scintillation index of laser beams is derived analytically and evaluated for plane, collimated Gaussian and spherical beams in specific mediums, including the Atlantic Ocean at mid and low latitudes associating temperature and salinity changes at low latitudes, at mid latitude-summer and at mid latitude-winter. Using the scintillation index, bit error rate (BER) performance of M-pulse position modulation is investigated for these types of laser beams. The variations of the scintillation index against the uplink/downlink propagation distances, source size and zenith angle are examined, and BER variations versus the Kolmogorov microscale and the symbol orders, and results are compared. It is noted that the behavior of the scintillation index that depends on the relative strength of temperature and salinity fluctuations which changes in depth, is different for uplink/downlink and for each latitude due to its distinct characteristics. The source size that minimizes the scintillation index values is in the range of about 0.1 cm–0.2 cm for all latitudes.
Investigation of tribological performance of hydrothermal carbon by pin-on-disc test and warm deep drawing process
Authors: Yurt Özgür Erdem , Sen Nuri , Simsir Hamza , Kucuk Yılmaz , Altas Emre , Gok M Sabri , Civek Tolgahan , Korkmaz Seyma , Cetin M Huseyin
Published: April 2024

In this study, the synthesis of hydrothermal carbon (HTC) lubricant and its usability as a lubricant under hot industrial conditions were investigated. In this context, the characterization of HTC produced from organic sources at low cost and in a short time was performed, and its tribological performance was analysed in detail. HTC produced by the hydrothermal carbonization method was characterized through SEM images and EDS analysis. To determine the effect of HTC on friction at different temperatures, HTC was subjected to a pin-on-disc wear test with AA5754 material. The effect of various lubricants, temperatures, blank holder pressure, and forming speed parameters on the forming force for the analysis of the tribological effect of HTC on deep drawing processes were statistically analysed. The performance of HTC was compared with Teflon, fullerenes, graphene, and carbon nanotube (CNT) materials. According to the results obtained from wear tests, the lowest friction coefficient value was achieved in the presence of fullerenes as the lubricant, and as the temperature increased, the friction coefficient decreased. It was observed that HTC exhibited lower performance in the wear test compared to fullerenes due to oxidation. When the effect of deep drawing parameters on the forming force was analysed, it was concluded that the most effective parameters were temperature (72.32%) and lubricant (20.89%). According to the S/N analysis results, the minimum forming force was obtained under the conditions of solid Teflon lubricant, 250 °C temperature, 15-bar blank holder pressure, and 2 mm/s forming speed. The tribological performance difference between HTC and Teflon is at the 1% level. The results demonstrate the potential industrial usability of HTC as a lubricant.
Effect of biotin on currently used Beckman thyroglobulin assay and newly reformulated thyroglobulin assay not affected by biotin
Authors: Countryman Bailey , McBride Melissa , McCracken Trevor , Dasgupta Amitava
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Biotin causes negative interference with thyroglobulin measurement using the Access thyroglobulin assay. Recently, Beckman reformulated the thyroglobulin assay to overcome biotin interference. We investigated the effect of biotin on both current and newly formulated assays.

Methods

Four serum pools were prepared using specimens containing various amounts of thyroglobulin. Then aliquots of each pool were supplemented with various amounts of biotin, and thyroglobulin concentrations were measured by both the current and the new assays. In addition, 3 volunteers ingested 10 mg biotin, and specimens were drawn before and 2 hours after taking biotin. Thyroglobulin concentrations before and 2 hours after taking biotin were measured by both assays.

Results

In the presence of biotin, thyroglobulin concentrations were reduced significantly using the current assay, but no significant change was observed using the newly formulated assay. We observed similar results in vivo.

Conclusions

The newly formulated thyroglobulin assay by Beckman is free from biotin interference.
Catechin promotes the germination of Pistacia chinensis seeds via GA biosynthesis
Authors: Guo Huanhuan , Li Shiqin , Liu Yong , Yang Qinsong
Published: April 2024

Background and Aims

Chinese pistachio (Pistacia chinensis), an important horticultural plant species, holds great ornamental value with beautiful leaves and fruits. Seedling propagation of this tree species is restricted by its erratic seed germination; however, the germination mechanism is ambiguous. The aim of this study was to determine the germination mechanism from a novel perspective based on the multi-omics data.

Methods

The multi-omics technique combined with hormone content measurement was applied to seed germination of Chinese pistachio.

Key Results

Due to its great accumulation during seed germination, catechin stood out from the identified metabolites in a broadly targeted metabolomic analysis. Exogenous catechin at 10 mg L−1 significantly improved the germination of Chinese pistachio seeds. An interesting result of hormone analysis was that the improving effect of catechin could be attributed to an increase in gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) content rather than a decrease in abscisic acid (ABA) content before germination. Treatments with paclobutrazol (PAC, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor) and PAC + catechin also showed that the promoting effect of catechin on seed germination depends on GA biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis and qRT‒PCR further revealed that catechin induced the expression of PcGA20ox5 to activate GA biosynthesis. Several transcription factors were induced by catechin and GA treatments, such as TCP, bZIP and C3H, which may play an important regulatory role in GA biosynthesis in a catechin-mediated way.

Conclusions

Catechin promotes seed germination via GA biosynthesis in Chinese pistachios. This study proposes a novel mechanism by which catechin promotes seed germination via the GA pathway, which provides new insight into a comprehensive understanding of seed dormancy and germination.
Fixed non-random orientation to the Sun (conversotropism) in two window-flowered greenhood orchids, Diplodium spp. (Orchidaceae: Pterostylidinae); implications for other window flowers and pollinator behaviour
Authors: Bower Colin
Published: April 2024

Many plant species orient their flowers to the Sun. Such orientations may be dynamic (heliotropism or solar tracking) or static, adopting fixed non-random azimuths to points on the daily arc of the Sun (conversotropism as defined herein). Two cauline greenhood orchid species, Diplodium reflexum and D. ampliatum (Pterostylidinae), are shown to be negatively conversotropic and non-heliotropic. Cauline greenhoods are trap and window flowers having large translucent light panels that glow when backlit flowers are viewed from the front. Conversotropism in greenhoods is thought to maximize light transmission through the window panels to manipulate the behaviour of fungus gnat pollinators. Conversotropism is so far documented in only seven species in five plant families, but is likely to be more widespread. The general characteristics of conversotropism are summarized and a new two stage model of window function in greenhoods is proposed. Window flowers in the Lady Slipper orchids (Cypripedium) and in Arums of the genus Arisaema are also predicted to be conversotropic. The evolution of conversotropism in cauline greenhoods highlights the importance of floral windows in these orchids. The highly unusual trap flowers may use light both as a pollinator attractant and repellent at different stages of the pollination process. Greenhoods appear to exploit the instinct of flies to escape confinement and the behaviours enabling it. This probably also applies to other trap flowers and adds insect escape behaviours to the many other drives, instincts, and behaviours exploited by plants for pollination.
The municipal company of musicians of Medina del Campo, 1566–1598
Authors: López Suero Ana
Published: April 2024

In the second half of the 16th century the musicians of Medina del Campo came together to form a company in order to provide the music for all the celebrations taking place in their town. This initiative offers the possibility of broadening our knowledge about the functioning of municipal companies of musicians in the Spanish urban centres of the 16th century. The rich corpus of documents found in the regional archive of Valladolid permits the activity of this company to be traced in detail: how it was created, which musicians were involved, the regulations they followed, the patrons they worked for, the instruments they used, and how they taught their pupils. As will become apparent, the company of Medina del Campo functioned much like the guilds supporting many other trades, in which hierarchy, duties and communal good in both professional and social matters were carefully prescribed.
Mechanical Constraints during Vertical Climbing Reveals Limited Deviation from Theoretical Minima
Authors: Young Melody W , Flaim Nicholas D , Virga James Q , Kantounis Stratos K , Granatosky Michael C
Published: April 2024

Synopsis

Center of mass (COM) mechanics, often used as an energetic proxy during locomotion, has primarily focused on level movement and hardly explores climbing scenarios. This study examines three-dimensional COM movements across five phylogenetically distinct species to test theoretical expectations of climbing costs, explore how interspecific variation (i.e., different limb numbers, adhesion mechanisms, body masses [0.008–84 kg], and limb postures) affects COM mechanics, and determine the impact of out-of-plane COM movements on climbing costs. A parallel experiment with rosy-faced lovebirds explores how inclination angle affects COM mechanical energy and how these empirical data align with theoretical expectations. Results indicate that, irrespective of anatomical differences, total mechanical costs of climbing are primarily driven by potential energy, outweighing contributions from kinetic energy. Despite species exhibiting significant out-of-plane kinematics, these movements have minimal impact on overall locomotor costs. Inclination angle changes have minimal effects, as potential energy accumulation dominates quickly as steepness increases, suggesting climbing occurs even on acutely angled substrates from a COM perspective. The study challenges prior assumptions about factors influencing climbing costs, such as body mass, speed, or posture, indicating a lack of evident anatomical or behavioral adaptations for climbing efficiency across species. The research sheds light on the universal challenges posed by the mechanical demands of scaling vertical substrates, offering valuable insights for functional morphologists studying climbing behaviors in extant and fossilized species.
Career paths of a university’s pharmacy graduates over 15 years: a cross-sectional evaluation
Authors: Fitzpatrick K L , Allen E A , Griffin B T , O’Shea J P , Dalton K , Bennett-Lenane H
Published: April 2024

Introduction

The versatility of a pharmacy degree has evolved over time. Expanding opportunities have emerged for employment in sectors outside those usually associated with the degree. A paucity of international literature evaluating pharmacy graduate career paths over an extended period is apparent – research which could enhance workforce capacity planning.

Aim

To evaluate trends in graduate career paths from a pharmacy school in Ireland over a fifteen-year period and assess graduate satisfaction with their career path and pharmacy programme.

Methods

This study utilised a multi-method approach to access graduate career data, using an online survey and publicly accessible information from LinkedIn® profiles. The survey, comprising both Likert scale and multiple-choice questions, was distributed to all the university’s pharmacy graduates from 2007 to 2022. Data from both methods were combined, cross-checked, coded, and analysed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics – whereby p<0.05 denotes statistical significance.

Results

Data were obtained on 556/798 pharmacy graduates (69.7%), comprising 203 survey responses (25.4% response rate) and 353 LinkedIn profiles. Community pharmacy was the most common current employment sector (47.7%), followed by industry (21.5%), hospital (17.7%), and academia (6.1%). The percentage working in patient-facing settings ranged from 79.5% (2022) to 36.7% (2010). More recent graduates (≤5 years post-graduation) were significantly more likely (p<0.05) to work in a patient-facing role versus those who graduated >5 years ago (Figure 1). Over half of graduates not primarily working in community pharmacy (61.1%) had previously held a full-time community pharmacist role. Post-graduate education was undertaken by 41.3% of graduates, with the lowest uptake amongst community pharmacists (13.7%). Overall, career satisfaction from the survey was high (88.2%) although significantly lower for those in patient-facing (82%) versus non-patient-facing roles (97.5%). Satisfaction with the pharmacy degree programme was high (84.7%).

Conclusion

While limited to data from one pharmacy school, this study provides the first analysis of graduate career paths over an extended period and highlights the wide-ranging professional possibilities available to graduates. Furthermore, this represents a springboard for additional research to inform pharmacist workforce planning worldwide through career-path evaluation – ultimately aiming to avoid potentially significant implications of shortages in the patient-facing pharmacy workforce.
Reducing potentially inappropriate medication use and patient harm in a dedicated geriatric oncology clinic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Walsh D J , Horgan A M , O’Driscoll M , Hannan M , Goggin C , Sahm L J
Published: April 2024

Introduction

International guidance on conducting medication reviews in older adults with cancer was published in June 2022,[1] and current clinical practices have been outlined by pharmacists working in this field.[2] This process includes assessing for drug-drug interactions (DDIs), potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), and assessing anticholinergic burden (ACB), all of which have been associated with poorer outcomes in older adults with cancer.[2]

Since July 2022, the Geriatric Oncology Assessment and Liaison (GOAL) Clinic in our tertiary cancer centre has offered a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to patients ≥70 years, which includes a comprehensive geriatric pharmacological assessment (CGPA), performed by the primary author.

Aim

Identify pharmacist interventions that resulted in a reduction of medication use in older adults attending a geriatric oncology clinic.

Methods

Data were collected between July 2022 and September 2023 inclusive. Patients who attended the GOAL clinic consented and underwent a CGPA. The CGPA database was analysed to assess for recommendations that reduced medication usage via two metrics: (i) reduced doses of medications; (ii) deprescribing of medications. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data (Table 1).

Results

One hundred and seventy four patients (98%) consented to a CGPA. Interventions to reduce medication use occurred in 120 patients (69%). There were 199 total number of interventions, with some patients having more than one intervention. The nature of the interventions are described in Table 1.

Conclusion

A structured medication review in the form of a CGPA, alongside a multidisciplinary CGA is effective at identifying potential areas to reduce medication usage in older adults with cancer, through appropriate dose reductions and deprescribing strategies. This service is unique as the GOAL clinic is Ireland’s only dedicated geriatric oncology clinic. The utilisation of a clinical pharmacist in a geriatric oncology outpatient clinic can effectively identify opportunities to reduce inappropriate medication, with almost 70% of patients being identified as being prescribed potentially inappropriate medications. This study was limited to the outpatient setting only. Future research should consider the impact of pharmacist review of medications for older adults with cancer at transitions of care.

References

1. Kantilal K, Kantilal K, Nightingale G et al. How-to guide for medication reviews in older adults with cancer: A Young International Society of Geriatric Oncology and Nursing & Allied Health Interest Group initiative. Journal of Geriatric Oncology.

2. Walsh DJ, Kantilal K, Herledan C et al. Medication assessment in older adults with cancer – Current practices in clinical pharmacy. Journal of Geriatric Oncology. 2023;14(5):101531.
An audit to review the prescribing and monitoring of high-intensity statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Malcolm L , Bamford S , Kaur G
Published: April 2024

Introduction

High-intensity statin therapy (HIST) is recommended as secondary prevention following an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Prior to initiating a statin, a baseline liver function test (LFT) and lipid profile are required, which should be repeated in primary care after 3 months for safety purposes and to measure efficacy. Targets to measure efficacy are defined as part of local, national[1] and European guidance.[2]

Aim

To investigate if a National Health Service (NHS) Health Board are compliant with current guidance on the prescribing and monitoring of HIST in ACS patients.

Methods

A retrospective audit of all new ACS diagnoses in the NHS Ayrshire & Arran in June 2022 was undertaken using inpatient prescribing data. The Clinical Portal system was used to obtain LFT and lipid profile results and these were recorded in Microsoft Excel for analysis.

Results

The patient cohort (n=57) was 58% male, with a mean age of 69 years. LFTs were measured in 96.5% patients on admission and 84.2% at follow-up.

Conclusion

HIST with Atorvastatin 80mg was initiated in most cases (84.2%), with appropriate clinical exceptions. HIST appeared effective with 78.9% of patients achieving a 40% reduction in non-HDL cholesterol and 63% of patients achieving an LDL-C target of <1.8mmol/L. These results highlight the need for clinical review at 3 months to optimise lipid lowering therapy as 37% of patients had not met an LDL-C target of <1.8mmol/L. Interpretation of this data is limited by small sample size due to limited allocation of time for data collection and by the fact that not all patients had both baseline and follow-up lipid profiles taken so it cannot be determined if they met treatment targets (n=38). There is a need for the NHS Health Board to improve lipid profile monitoring of HIST as although LFTs were measured in 96.5% patients on admission and 84.2% at follow-up, only 73.7% had a baseline lipid profile and 47.4% at follow-up. As both are measured using the same blood sample, it is suggested that targeted clinician education regarding lipid profile requesting alongside LFTs could significantly improve adherence to audit standards.

References

1. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. 2014 [Last updated 24 May 2023]. (Clinical guideline [CG181]). Available from https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg181

2. European Society of Cardiology. ESC Guidelines on Dyslipidaemias (Management of). Escardio.org. Available from: https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Dyslipidaemias-Management-of
Investigating pharmacy students clinical reasoning of antimicrobial stewardship cases using a qualitative, think-aloud methodology
Authors: Fleming A , Barbosa T M , Shah M , O’Driscoll Casanoves P
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Future healthcare workers’ education must include antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) clinical decision-making to achieve optimal clinical outcomes and to treat and prevent infection in a manner that minimises the effects of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and is safe for patients. Clinical reasoning is an important cognitive process that is essential to evaluate and manage a patient’s medical problem.[1] This study aimed to evaluate the cognitive processes and clinical reasoning skills of pharmacy students when they review AMS cases, as well as identify any existing knowledge gaps in this area that need to be addressed.

Methods

This qualitative study used a case study approach, in which a sample (n=13) of Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students in an Irish University were recruited to interpret three patient infection cases. Convenience sampling of MPharm students by email invitation was conducted and students took part voluntarily. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, recorded and transcribed verbatim. A think-aloud procedure with verbal protocol analysis was adopted to determine students’ decision-making processes and clinical reasoning.[2] Thematic analysis was used to analyse interview data.

Results

Interviews were conducted with 13 students (5 male, 8 female), all aged 22-27 years old. Overall, students interpreted and reasoned through the cases following a structured approach. Some students adopted different approaches to clinical decision-making and did not always follow all the steps outlined in the clinical reasoning cycle. Within the clinical decision-making process, common themes were identified, as outlined in Table 1. Some knowledge gaps were reported by students, including antibiotic prophylaxis, microorganisms, AMS measures, guideline use, soft tissue infection management, and IV-to-oral switch.

Conclusion

This study provides interesting findings on students’ interpretation and review of infection management and AMS principles which could inform the curriculum development of pharmacy education in AMR and AMS. Educators should consider introducing opportunities to develop clinical reasoning skills to support learning on AMS concepts, particularly in challenging areas such as microbiology, and interpretation and application of guidelines. A limitation of the study is that it was conducted with pharmacy students from one university programme. A strength of the study is the think-aloud methodology which provides in-depth detail on students clinical reasoning thought processes and skills.

References

1. Wright DF, Anakin MG, Duffull SB. Clinical decision-making: an essential skill for 21st century pharmacy practice. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy. 2019;15(5):600-6.

2. Pinnock R, Fisher TL, Astley J. Think aloud to learn and assess clinical reasoning. Medical Education. 2016;50(5):585–6.