bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A meta-analysis of physicochemical changes in the rhizosphere and bulk soil under woodlands
Authors: Hummes Ana Paula , Novakowiski Jaqueline Huzar , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Bortoluzzi Edson Campanhola
Published: October 2024

Monoculture for timber production has been replacing natural environments as the demand for renewable energy sources increases. The lack of nutrient compensation may increase the risk of soil depletion, thus changing soil properties. To summarize the impact of forestry activities in edaphic environments, we present a meta-analysis on the rhizosphere effects of coniferous and broadleaved trees established as monoculture and natural regeneration on soil physicochemical properties. Records of soil attributes published in peer-reviewed journals from eight countries were collected. Clay content changed only in monoculture sites, decreasing 55.51% in the rhizosphere, while silt and sand presented significant variations in both monoculture and naturally regenerated areas. Conifers affected the soil more than broadleaved trees, evidenced by higher pH reduction (-2.96% vs. -1.98%) and higher increase of Al3+ (197.43% vs. 50.68%), K+ (80.40% vs. 69.90%), CEC (24.61% vs. 17.35%), and total organic carbon (82.21% vs. 69.89%). Also, the rhizosphere affected regeneration soils more than monoculture, indicated by higher Al3+ (50.68% vs. ns) and available P (32.31% vs. ns), K+ (203.44% vs. ns), CEC (34.90% vs. 20.93), and total organic carbon (91.55% vs. 63.23%). These results indicate higher nutrient availability in naturally regenerated than monoculture sites, as higher species diversity and better plant litter quality are expected. This meta-analysis shows that coniferous and naturally regenerated trees had a higher influence on the rhizosphere and soil properties than broadleaved and monocultures. Management practices must be revisited to ensure the long-term sustainability of forestry activity, and studies in tropical zones must be intensified.
Examining Peacebuilding Strategies Amid Socio-Religious Conflicts: The Case of Pesantren Waria in Yogyakarta
Authors: Salsabila Astrid Syifa
Published: October 2024

The establishment of Pesantren Waria in Yogyakarta has faced various challenges, reflecting broader tensions between religious conservatism and the rights of transgender individuals in Indonesia. Since its founding, the pesantren has provided a safe space for waria (trans women) to practice their faith. However, it has encountered significant opposition, including its forced closure by the Front Jihad Islam (FJI) in 2016. This study aims to examine the conflict between Pesantren Waria and FJI and to identify appropriate peacebuilding interventions. The research focuses on understanding the socio-economic and religious dimensions of the conflict and how these factors have contributed to its escalation. This study employs a qualitative approach, including a literature review, interviews, and the use of Johan Galtung's ABC Triangle of Conflict and Lisa Schirch's peacebuilding model. The findings reveal that the conflict was driven not only by religious factors but also by socio-economic motivations, particularly FJI's desire to control local resources. While religious interpretation played a role, the conflict extended beyond theological debates. The study highlights the importance of involving local authorities, particularly the Yogyakarta Palace, in fostering sustainable peace. Effective interventions must consider the interests of all parties and the local context, rather than focusing solely on religious reconciliation.
Pendirian Pesantren Waria di Yogyakarta menghadapi berbagai tantangan, hal ini mencerminkan ketegangan yang lebih luas antara konservatisme agama dan hak-hak individu transgender di Indonesia. Sejak awal pendiriannya, pesantren ini menyediakan ruang aman bagi waria (trans perempuan) untuk beribadah. Namun mendapat perlawanan signifikan, termasuk penutupannya secara pak sa oleh FJI (Front Jihad Islam) pada tahun 2016. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konflik antara Pesantren Waria dan FJI serta menemukan intervensi perdamaian yang tepat. Fokus penelitian adalah memahami dimensi sosial-ekonomi dan agama dari konflik tersebut serta bagaimana faktor-faktor ini mempengaruhi eskalasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berupa tinjauan literatur, interview, serta menggunakan kerangka analisis konflik Segitiga ABC Johan Galtung dan model perdamaian Lisa Schirch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konflik ini dipicu tidak hanya oleh alasan agama, tetapi juga faktor sosial-ekonomi, terutama keinginan FJI untuk mengendalikan sumber daya lokal. Sementara interpretasi agama berperan, konflik ini melampaui perdebatan teologis. Studi ini menekankan pentingnya keterlibatan otoritas lokal, khususnya Keraton Yogyakarta, dalam menciptakan perdamaian yang berkelanjutan. Intervensi yang tepat harus mempertimbangkan kepentingan semua pihak dan konteks lokal, bukan hanya berfokus pada rekonsiliasi agama.
An Experimental Study of Odometer as a Navigation aid for Land Vehicle Application
Authors: Muralikrishna G. , Mallesham G. , Jain Abhishek , Tiwari Praveen
Published: October 2024

Strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) shall provide position, velocity, and orientation information with reference to a pre-defined reference frame. The SINS shall have excellent accuracy over a short duration and is highly self-contained. However, the errors in navigation solutions build up exponentially with time and make the system output very unstable. In order to mitigate these errors, there is a need for a damping mechanism through external aiding sensors. In this article, one such approach is proposed to improve navigation accuracy for land vehicles in the GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) denied environment. The design and implementation of an odometer are carried out with the use of inductive proximity sensors and a mounting assembly to attach the odometer to one of the non-steering wheels of a vehicle. The odometer gives the pulse-high and pulse-low output with reference to the rotation of the wheel to which it is attached. Vehicle ground velocity is derived through sensed output pulses processed through quadrature decoder circuitry. Odometer measurements along with non-holonomic constraints (NHC) are used for minimizing velocity and position errors in SINS using an extended Kalman Filter (EKF) technique. Field trials are carried out to validate the proposed scheme of hybrid navigation with odometer design and experimental results are presented with a positioning accuracy of 0.05 % of distance travelled (DT).
Optimized Mosaic Method for Accurate Measurement of Soot Concentration Indirect Method
Authors: Ivković Ratko
Published: October 2024

Global air pollution poses health risks. Soot is a major contributor to warming and pollution. Measuring soot is key to mitigating emissions. This study proposes an empirical method using markers to indirectly gauge soot levels. The Mosaic method was tested against conventional techniques with over 50 samples. This method utilizes markers to collect impurities in the air, employing the µ/m³, m(g), and the newly devised Mosaic method. All results underwent standard statistical processing, enabling a comparison between the new method (Mosaic) and conventional techniques used.
Effect of Taper and Pitch on Nickle-Titanium File with Variable Cross Section to Its Cyclic Fatigue (In Silico Study)
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Chrysandra Yustika , Nugraheni Tunjung ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Hadriyanto Wignyo ,   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: October 2024

The geometric design of an endodontic file includes cross-sectional shape, taper, and pitch. NiTi endodontic files of OneCurve (MicroMega) are made of two variations of cross-sectional shape, that is, double-s shaped and triple helix. Various kinds of modifications were made to increase the resistance of the NiTi endodontic files from fracture. Cyclic fatigue is the most common factor that causes a fracture of the endodontic file. Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain a NiTi endodontic file design that has the best cyclic resistance value based on its taper size and number of pitch. Methods: This study used OneCurve endodontic file size 25.06, then scanned with MicroCT Scan and modified the geometric design. The number of file modifications was nine. Taper size modifications were 4%, 6%, and 8%; the number of pitch modifications was reduced by three, fixed, and added by three. Cyclic fatigue measurement simulations were carried out using the finite element method three times each. The result data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test and then continued with LSD. Results: The results of the statistical test showed that there was an effect of the size of the taper on the cyclic fatigue values. Endodontic files with a size of a taper 4% had the lowest cyclic fatigue value. Conclusion: The conclusion of this research was that the taper size affects the value of cyclic fatigue in continuous endodontic files made of nickel-titanium with variable cross sections. The number of pitch did not show a significant effect on the cyclic value.
„Lidská psycha je internacionální.“ K surrealismu a české dobové debatě
Authors: Bydžovská Lenka
Published: October 2024

On the front page of the Czech-French International Bulletin of Surrealism, published in spring 1935 by the Surrealist Group in the Czechoslovakia in direct collaboration with André Breton and Paul Eluard, Vítězslav Nezval stressed the international character of this movement, which, in his words, abolished not only the boundaries between reality and dream, but also the boundaries between nations and languages. The strategy of the Czech interwar avant-garde, which in the 1920s confidently developed its own artistic trends and viewed surrealism with a critical distance that included both ideological and artistic reservations, is worth noting.
This paper seeks to delineate the essential issues. Why did the Czech avant-garde join Surrealism in the 1930s, how did it justify its decision theoretically, and what role did it play in the international context? How did Breton’s desire to spread Surrealism across Europe and other continents relate to his demand, expressed in his 1953 Paris monograph Toyen, for a comparative study of the characteristics of art in different countries, based on the methods of experimental psychology and taking into account the specific political situation? And what lessons can be drawn from the current exhibition project Surrealism Beyond Borders?
„Česká škola?“ Na přelomu 19. a 20. století
Authors: Theinhardt Marketa
Published: October 2024

French (Francophone) criticism first institutionalized and then co-created the construct of “national schools”, “national arts”. How the notion of the “Czech school” was codified and destabilized from the position of this powerful medium in the long nineteenth century, and even a little later in changing socio-historical, ideological and specifically political situations and constellations, is the subject of this study, illustrated by a number of examples.
České moderní umění v pojetí Miloše Jiránka a Emila Filly
Authors: Winter Tomáš
Published: October 2024

The paper follows how and in what context the development of Czech modern art was characterized by two leading theorizing artists: painters Miloš Jiránek and Emil Filla. Special attention is paid to their conception of the Czechness of art, which they both dealt with. In his thinking, Filla was basically directly following Jiránek, but the dramatic political circumstances that were projected into his view, whether willingly or unwillingly, shifted his thoughts in a different direction.
Záludnosti stylu u Podobenství Evangelia Růženy Zátkové
Authors: Pomajzlová Alena
Published: October 2024

The cycle Parables of the Gospel by Růžena Zátková was considered missing. Still, it appeared in scholarly literature, and in the 1990s even at an exhibition, but always as the work of the much more famous painter Natalia Gončarová. What were the reasons for this? Was it intention, ignorance, or was the confusion caused by the primitive “Russian” style chosen? Zátková’s unorthodox alternations between different stylistic principles; her returns to the past and at the same time the avant-garde solutions she often mixed interchangeably led not only to erroneous attributions but also to erroneous dating. The parable is from 1920 and formally returns to Russian neoprimitivism. What about his “retrospective” stylistic level? Is it closer to the tradition of conscious returns as we know them from the 19th century, or does it foreshadow a future open relationship to originality and the question of appropriations? From this point of view, how can we place the Parable of the Gospel in the context of European, or even Czech, art?
Analysis of a Combined Spherical Harmonics and Discontinuous Galerkin Discretization for the Boltzmann Transport Equation
Authors: Assogba Kenneth , Allaire Grégoire , Bourhrara Lahbib
Published: October 2024

In [L. Bourhrara, A new numerical method for solving the Boltzmann transport equation using the PN method and the discontinuous finite elements on unstructured and curved meshes, J. Comput. Phys. 397 2019, Article ID 108801], a numerical scheme based on a combined spherical harmonics and discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the resolution of the Boltzmann transport equation is proposed. One of its features is that a streamline weight is added to the test function to obtain the variational formulation. In the present paper, restricting our attention to the advective part of the Boltzmann equation, we prove the convergence and provide error estimates of this numerical scheme. To this end, the original variational formulation is restated in a broken functional space. The use of broken functional spaces enables to build a conforming approximation, that is the finite element space is a subspace of the broken functional space. The setting of a conforming approximation simplifies the numerical analysis, in particular the error estimates, for which a Céa’s type lemma and standard interpolation estimates are sufficient for our analysis. For our numerical scheme, based onℙk{\mathbb{P}^{k}}discontinuous Galerkin finite elements (in space) on a mesh of sizehand a spherical harmonics approximation of orderN(in the angular variable), the convergence rate is of order𝒪⁢(N-t+hk){\mathcal{O}(N^{-t}+h^{k})}for a smooth solution which admits partial derivatives of orderk+1{k+1}andtwith respect to the spatial and angular variables, respectively. Fork=0{k=0}(piecewise constant finite elements) we also obtain a convergence result of order𝒪⁢(N-t+h12){\mathcal{O}(N^{-t}+h^{\frac{1}{2}})}. Numerical experiments in one, two and three dimensions are provided, showing a better convergence behavior for theL2{L^{2}}-norm, typically of one more order,𝒪⁢(N-t+hk+1){\mathcal{O}(N^{-t}+h^{k+1})}.
Determination of total hardness of water sample by titration using double burette method: an economical approach
Authors: Dhoke Shailesh K.
Published: October 2024

Titration is one of the most prevalent methods practice in almost all laboratories. Worldwide every curriculum for science and engineering undergraduate students has titrations included in their laboratory sessions. However, there are few drawbacks associated with it when it comes to chemical discharge and cost due to excess consumption of titrants, titrand and related chemicals during titration. Further, the method is an exhaustive time consuming process. In present study, conventional titration method using single burette used for determination of total hardness of water has been explored in different perspective by adopting a double burette method approach. Based on a comparative laboratory study it was found that a double burette method is not only safer and faster but also relatively more economical.
Eco-friendly drugs induce cellular changes in colistin-resistant bacteria
Authors: Al-Khattaf Fatimah Saleh , Aloufi Abeer Salem , Moglad Ehssan , Ncibi Saida Sadek , Almuraikhi Nihal , Almaarik Basmah , Alaaullah Malek Hassan Ibrahim , Ali Rizwan , Abdalaziz Halah Salah Mohammed , Alaaullah Mohammed Hassan Ibrahim , Elsayim Rasha
Published: October 2024

Background and objective

As a last option, multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections (caused by Enterobacteriaceae) are treated with the antibiotic colistin, also known as polymyxin E. Colistin-resistant superbugs predispose people to untreatable infections, possibly leading to a high mortality rate. This project aims to study the effect ofAcacia niloticaaqueous extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) on colistin-resistantKlebsiella pneumonia(CRKP).

Materials and methods

ZnO-NPs were synthesized using the green method and characterized by UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The zone of inhibition (ZI) was measured using the agar-well diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration were estimated to determine the antimicrobial activity of the tested compound. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the alterations in bacterial cells that were treated with the tested drugs.

Results

The synthesized ZnO-NPs presented good chemical and physical properties, and the plant extract and ZnO-NPs displayed a large ZI. ZnO-NPs had the lowest MIC (0.2 mg·mL−1). SEM and TEM observations revealed various morphological modifications in CRKP cells, including cell shrinkage, cell damage, cytoplasm loss, cell wall thinning, and cell death.

Conclusion

A. niloticaaqueous extract and ZnO-NPs could be used as alternative natural products to produce antibacterial drugs and to prevent CRKP infection.
Jenseits von Eden. Der Traum vom alternativen Leben und die Mission der Siedlungsbewegung im Deutschen Kaiserreich
Authors: Homberg Michael
Published: October 2024

Im wilhelminischen Kaiserreich reiften neue, alternative Konzepte eines Siedlungskolonialismus im In- und Ausland aus dem Geiste der „Lebensreform“. Dabei regte der Traum vom besseren Leben, der unter dem Slogan „zurück zur Natur“ die sozialen Utopien der vielgestaltigen Reformbewegungen der Jahrhundertwende vitalisierte, die Gründung diverser Musterkolonien vor den Toren Berlins, an den Grenzen des Reiches und in Übersee an. Ausgehend von dieser Erkenntnis nimmt der Artikel die verschiedenen Stränge der diskursiven Verhandlung zeitgenössischer Konzepte des „Siedelns“ und der „(inneren) Kolonisation“ in der Epoche des imperialen Kolonialismus in den Blick und untersucht die sozialen, ökonomischen und politischen Rahmungen der Siedlungsexperimente an der Schwelle des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er geht von der These aus, dass die Ziele der alternativen Siedlungsbewegungen und ihre gelebten Utopien einer Lebens-, Boden- und Wirtschaftsreform viel stärker als bislang in den Kontexten kolonialpolitischer Visionen und Ambitionen gelesen werden müssen. Damit leistet der Artikel, an der Schnittstelle zwischen Kolonialgeschichte und politischer Kulturgeschichte, einen Beitrag zum besseren Verständnis der in der Hochmoderne einsetzenden, (trans-)national verwobenen Siedlungsbewegungen und ermöglicht zugleich einen neuen Blick auf die komplexen, indes nach wie vor wenig beleuchteten Verbindungen zwischen der Kolonialbewegung und den Bewegungen der Lebens­erneuerung im Kaiserreich.
Power coordination and control of DC Microgrid with PV and hybrid energy storage system
Authors: Buduma Parusharamulu , Gopal Yatindra , Kampara Ravisankar , Kumar Ranjeeth
Published: October 2024

Microgrids are a growing segment of the energy industry, representing a paradigm shift from remote central station power plants toward more localized, distributed generation. An efficient energy management structure is essential for a DC Microgrid with a PV system combined with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) of Battery and Supercapacitor. The combined supercapacitor and battery storage system provides a quick control for the DC-link voltage. It stabilizes the system and helps achieve smooth PV power delivery to loads. The boost converter used for the PV system is controlled by a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method to extract maximum power and maintain a constant voltage at the DC bus despite the daily change in solar power. The boost-buck converter is used to control the charging and discharging processes of the BESS to maintain a constant voltage at the DC bus. To achieve the seamless operation of DC Microgrid with HESS during the power fluctuations, this work proposes power coordination and control scheme has been proposed. To analyse the performance and efficacy of the proposed DC Microgrid with HESS are implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK.
From Hindsight to Foresight: Understanding and Overcoming Bias in Financial Forecasts
Authors: Zweig Derek , Sumner Timothy , Luke Adam
Published: October 2024

This study conducts a comprehensive benchmarking analysis on analyst forecasts of revenue and EBITDA for exchange-traded public companies in the U.S. spanning the period from 2009 to 2022. Our findings reveal a consistent and statistically significant upward bias present in both revenue and EBITDA forecasts, on average, as evidenced by various measures of forecast error. This bias is explored at both market sector and market-wide levels of aggregation to check for macro-consistency. Recognizing the significance of these biases, we propose bias-adjustment frameworks aimed at enhancing the accuracy of future analyst forecasts pertaining to revenue and EBITDA. The implications of our study underscore the importance of mitigating such biases for improved forecasting precision in financial markets.
Nenghai: A Perspective from Han-Tibetan Cultural Interaction
Authors: Guang De
Published: October 2024

Nenghai 能海, a distinguished patriotic monk in the history of modern Chinese Buddhism, made remarkable contributions to the revitalization of Han Buddhism and the promotion of Han-Tibetan cultural exchanges. He journeyed to Xizang twice, studying under Khang Gsar Rinpoche 康萨仁波切 (1890–1941) and mastering both the exoteric and esoteric teachings of Buddhism. Upon his return to the Han regions of China, he founded “the Great Prajñāpāramitā Sect 大般若宗”, guiding disciples through Tibetan Lamrim and managing monasteries according to Han traditions, thereby adeptly propagating the integrated teachings of exoteric and esoteric Buddhism. During times of national turmoil and ethnic crises, he strove to revive the declining influence of Buddhism, fearlessly persevering against adversities. His efforts significantly contributed to preserving the integrity of Buddhist doctrines in China and fostering the diversity and prosperity of various Buddhist sects.
Monster embeddings of certain 3-transposition groups via Majorana representations
Authors: Gevorgyan Albert
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we study the Majorana representations of symplectic and orthogonal groups overGF⁢(2)\mathrm{GF}(2). We show that such a group admits a Majorana representation only if it can be embedded into the Monster group as a2⁢A2A-generated subgroup.
Noun classes, variation, and creativity in youth language practices in Zimbabwe and Tanzania
Authors: Hollington Andrea
Published: October 2024

While classical accounts of Bantu linguistics often depict noun classes as an inherent feature of nouns, more recent studies show there is greater variation in the use of noun classes, especially in terms of their discursive and pragmatic context. Youth language practices, often characterized by creativity and conscious changes, are of particular interest in this regard. This paper explores whether Bantu youth language practices exhibit conscious variation in their noun class systems and agreement. I discuss data from Bantu-based youth language practices in Southern and Eastern Africa, especially Lugha ya mtaani (Tanzania) and S’ncamtho (Zimbabwe), looking at noun classes and agreement. The paper features a short discussion of variation in noun class usage in Bantu languages in general, including insights into relevant aspects such as information structure, the use of loan words, noun classes in multilingual or translanguaging situations, and semantics. The latter is particularly important, as speakers can make conscious use of noun classes as part of contextualized meaning making processes that reflect semantic nuances and stylistic choices. The objective of this contribution is to highlight the role of semantics and conscious meaning making in the choice of grammatical devices and the manifestations of microvariation in youth language practices.
Don’t Tell Me to Have, but to Do It! The Role of Luxury Desirability Motives in Reducing Counterfeiting Schadenfreude
Authors: Khan Sameeullah , Fazili Asif Iqbal , Bashir Irfan
Published: October 2024

This paper postulates that consumers’ desire for doing-luxury – pursuing luxury with the intention of acquiring a life experience (vs. having-luxury) – pursuing luxury with the intention of acquiring a material good reduces counterfeiting schadenfreude – consumers’ feelings of pleasure from the losses of luxury brands due to counterfeiting. Two experiments employed various methods of invoking doing-luxury (vs. having-luxury) – actual product exposure and brand positioning to test the predicted framework. The results demonstrate that doing-luxury (vs. having-luxury) leads to a lower counterfeiting schadenfreude; an effect explained by the lower perceived similarity. This research makes an important contribution to the counterfeiting and experiential marketing literature by demonstrating the role of brand positioning in reducing a critical counterfeit-related social emotion. The results also validate the relevance of the intentions-based distinction of experiential versus material purchases in predicting counterfeiting schadenfreude. To reduce counterfeiting schadenfreude, luxury brands must signal an ephemeral image focusing on moments of luxury rather than functions of luxury. In addition, ad appeals must invoke sensory elements, feelings, emotions, imagination, and mental stimulation rather than the hard facts about the products per se.
Double sequences of complex uncertain variables associated with multiplier sequences
Authors: Tripathy Binod Chandra , Datta Debasish
Published: October 2024

In this article we introduce the notion of double sequences of complex uncertain variables associated with multiplier sequences. We study their different algebraic and topological properties like solidity, symmetricity, completeness etc.
Canonical equation K
107 for symmetric matrix with independent zebra random lines
Authors: Girko Vyacheslav L.
Published: October 2024

The canonical equation

K
107

{K_{107}}

is founded for random zebra-structured matrices.
Transformation on the Rocks
Authors: Patel Kiran Klaus
Published: October 2024

Der Kir Royal, ein Modegetränk der 1980er Jahre, dient hier als Aufhänger und Sonde, um zentrale Probleme der Geschichte der heutigen Europäischen Union aus den letzten vier Dekaden zu erörtern. Kiran Klaus Patel vertritt die These, dass bereits kurz vor Ende des Kalten Kriegs eine grundlegende Transformation des Einigungsprozesses einsetzte. Vor diesem Hintergrund entwickelt der Autor eine multiperspektivische Forschungsagenda, die besonders darauf zielt, die Integrationsgeschichte stärker mit allgemeinen Fragen der europäischen Zeitgeschichte zu verknüpfen. Jenseits teleologischer und triumphalistischer Entwürfe trägt der Aufsatz so auch zu einer Genealogie gegenwärtiger Problemlagen bei.
Zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft
Authors: Obermair Robert
Published: October 2024

Robert Obermair beleuchtet die Flucht des österreichischen Nationalsozialisten Oswald Menghin nach Südamerika sowie seine Integration in Argentinien. Er lenkt den Fokus dabei insbesondere auf Menghins zweite Karriere als Wissenschaftler in Buenos Aires. In diesem Zusammenhang nimmt der Autor die Entnazifizierung des Wissenschaftssektors in Österreich in den Blick und untersucht, wie sich der Umgang der Behörden mit dem zunächst polizeilich gesuchten Wissenschaftler, aber auch dessen Vernetzung im politischen und wissenschaftlichen Milieu in Europa auf seine zweite Karriere in Südamerika auswirkten. Am Beispiel Oswald Menghins werden so die transnationalen Verflechtungen zwischen Politik und Wissenschaft in der Nachkriegszeit sichtbar.
Dotti, N.F., Musiałkowska, I., De Gregorio Hurtado, S. and Walczyk, J. (eds.): EU Cohesion Policy: A Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej
Published: October 2024

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High-throughput modular click chemistry synthesis of catechol derivatives as covalent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro
Authors: Wang Feng , Ma Tiancheng , Liu Donglan , Cen Yixin , Deng Shidong , Zhang Lu , Lin Guoqiang , Gao Dingding , Zhao Jincun , Dong Jiajia , Tian Ping
Published: October 2024

The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a crucial target in anti-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drug design. Herein, we performed high-throughput synthesis of catechol derivatives from the bioactive catechol-terminal alkyne scaffold A4, by using modular click chemistry. Subsequently, we conducted two rounds of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition screening and selected seven compounds for synthesis and further efficacy validation. Compound P1-E11 had potent inhibitory effects toward SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro (IC50 = 2.54 ± 0.46 μM); exhibited good selectivity toward the human cysteine proteases cathepsins B and L; and demonstrated superior anti-SARS-CoV-2 potency (EC50 = 4.66 ± 0.58 μM) with low cytotoxicity (CC50 > 100 μM) in A549-hACE2-TMPRSS2 cells. The irreversible covalent mechanism of P1-E11 was confirmed through time-dependent experiments, enzyme kinetic studies, and dilution and dialysis assays. The binding affinity between P1-E11 and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro with a KD value of 0.57 μM was validated through surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments. Molecular docking provided insights into the binding mode of P1-E11 to the target protein. This study demonstrated the feasibility and efficacy of modular click reactions in natural-product-based structural modifications and presents a novel approach for leveraging this strategy in antiviral drug discovery.
Experimental study based on the usage of polymers for greywater treatment
Authors: Soussa Hoda Kamal , Ahmed Mostafa E.Y. , Taha Moawad M. , Nabil Ali Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Water scarcity presents a pressing challenge in Egypt, exacerbated by factors such as population growth, urbanization, and climate change impacts. With over 95% reliance on the Nile River for freshwater supply, Egypt's water resources are strained, particularly with a population exceeding 100 million. Egypt's arid climate intensifies water scarcity, necessitating sustainable management strategies. This study explored greywater treatment as a solution to alleviate water scarcity in Egypt, investigating its technical feasibility, economic viability, and environmental benefits. Greywater, derived from domestic activities, is an underutilized resource that can be reclaimed and treated for reuse, reducing demand for freshwater sources. Through greywater treatment systems, households and communities can recycle water, conserve resources, and mitigate pollution. The study investigated using polymers as a coagulant in greywater treatment, examining its efficacy in removing contaminants and improving water quality. Experimental trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of polymer addition in greywater treatment compared to conventional methods. Results demonstrate that polymer addition reduces turbidity, suspended solids, and organic pollutants in greywater. Poly aluminum chloride (PAC) polymer, in particular, exhibits strong coagulation capabilities, versatility across pH ranges, and high efficiency in contaminant removal. Additionally, PAC offers operational advantages such as low dosage requirements and reduced sludge production.
The implication of microplastic contamination on chemical properties of Inceptisols in the horticultural production center of Banuhampu, Agam, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Herviyanti Herviyanti , Tanjung Ellsya Tatalia Augustin Putri , Rezki Dewi , Maulana Amsar , Darusman Darusman , Darfis Irwan , Purwanto Benito Heru , Prasetyo Teguh Budi
Published: October 2024

The accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in agricultural land may threaten food security and farmers' health, which is of interest. This study examined the implication of MPs contamination/pollution on the chemical properties of an Inceptisol on different slopes in the horticultural production center of Banuhampu Subdistrict, Agam District, West Sumatra Province. The soil samples were determined by purposive random sampling with a quantitative survey method. Sample testing was carried out using a randomized completely block design with five treatments, i.e., 25-45% in forests, and 0-8%, 8-15%, 15-25%, and 25-45% in fields at a depth of 0-20 cm. The Inceptisol contaminated with MPs has the following characteristics: pH = 5.01, EC = 0.09 dS m-1, Eh = 92.97 mV, mineral = 68.81%, OM = 31.19%, CEC = 60.67 cmol(+) kg-1, C = 2.13%, N = 0.81%, P2O5 = 6.46 ppm, K = 0.48, Ca = 1.59 cmol(+) kg-1, Mg = 0.62 cmol(+) kg-1 , and SO4 = 98.98 ppm. The concentration of MPs on the Inceptisol was 438.33 particles kg-1 with filament shape, transparent color, and large size (1-5 mm) were the most commonly found. Polymer types included polyamide 6, polystyrene, and polyethylene. The effect of slope level on the surface change charger of Inceptisols contaminated with MPs was insignificant. However, the effect was significant in OC, total N, K-exch, and available S. The implications of microplastic contamination/pollution did not have a significant relationship with the chemical properties of the soil. However, it has a negative relationship to redox potential (Eh), mineral composition, and Ca-exch.
Assessment of seawater intrusion based on geochemical and isotopic data in Makassar coastal area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Nugroho Sunu Ardhi , Wilopo Wahyu , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: October 2024

Makassar coastal area has experienced rapid development and has shown various negative impacts from groundwater overexploitation, such as seawater intrusion. This study aimed to assess seawater intrusion based on geochemical and isotopic data in the Makassar coastal area. The research was carried out by field measurement and taking the groundwater samples to the laboratory for geochemical and isotope tests. Geochemical analysis of seawater intrusion was based on TDS, EC, Cl-, Simpson ratio, Ca enrichment, BEX, Na/Cl ratio, and the piper trilinear diagram typer of water. Isotope analysis of seawater intrusion is based on comparing oxygen and deuterium isotopic data from groundwater samples with seawater, river, and rainwater. The results showed that some areas near the sea indicated seawater intrusion in both the semi-unconfined and unconfined aquifers. The indicated seawater intrusion spread in the north Tallo, Mamajang, and Tamalate subdistricts.
Assessment of soil pollution in coastal landscapes of the Republic of Djibouti and ecological risks
Authors: Nikiforova Aleksandra , Pham Cam Nhung , Chernyi Georgii , Tabunshchik Vladimir , Daher Abdourahman , Cheik Sougueh , Gorbunov Roman , Gorbunova Tatiana , Repetskaya Anna
Published: October 2024

Tropical ecosystems play an important role in the environment. Coastal areas are subjected to a wide range of impacts and pollution, which have drawn worldwide attention over the past few decades. Comprehensive studies of heavy metal content in soils worldwide are extremely important for assessing and predicting ecological risks. Very few studies have been devoted to a complete study of the physicochemical characteristics of soils, assessment of heavy metal accumulation in coastal zones along the Djibouti coast, and potential ecological risks. The study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics of soil, assessed the accumulation of heavy metals in coastal zones along the Djibouti coast, and analyzed the potential environmental risks associated with the presence of heavy metals in the studied soils. Analysis of heavy metals and trace elements in the soils of the coastal areas of Djibouti revealed that the levels of these elements are lower than in soils of the Red Sea coast and are in line with WHO and other international standards. All heavy metals in the soil of the studied area demonstrate low levels of potential ecological risk. The soils of the studied areas, overall, have not undergone significant heavy metal pollution and can be considered suitable for various types of use.
Growth and physiology responses of Samanea saman inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in silica post-mining soil media using biodegradable pots
Authors: Harus Johanes S , Budi Sri Wilarso , Sukendro Andi , Mansur Irdika
Published: October 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and biodegradable pots are environmentally friendly and enhance plant growth in adverse soil conditions. These studies explored AMF interactions and biodegradable pots in physiology, growth, and the uptake of nutrients in Samanea saman seedlings. The present research interactive effects of biodegradable pots with different compositions and raw material sizes with and without AMF inoculation on S. saman grown in silica post-mining soil media. Results indicated AMF inoculations significantly improved leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, heights, diameters, biomass, as well as nutrient absorption of S. saman as compared with non-inoculated plants in biodegradable pots. AMF and biodegradable pots composed of 15% used newspaper, 70% compost, 5% cocopeat, and 10% rock phosphate showed the best results and increased the leaf chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, height, diameter, and total biomass of the plants by 161.1%, 208.7%, 263.6%, 118.1%, and 269.9%, respectively, compared to biodegradable pots composed only of used newspaper. Additionally, uptake of the nutrients nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and magnesium increased by 365%, 800%, 369%, and 250%, respectively. By the fourteenth week after transplanting, the C/N ratio of the organic pot decreased significantly. Thus, AMF and biodegradable pots containing compost and rock phosphate interact positively and enhance the growth of S. saman under adverse soil conditions. These findings suggest that biodegradable pots containing compost and rock phosphate show potential as more environmentally friendly replacements for plastic bags (polybags) as growth medium containers for seedling production.
Monitoring urban growth and landscape fragmentation in Kaduna, Nigeria, using remote sensing approach
Authors: Musa Kabir , Abubakar Muhammad Lawal
Published: October 2024

This study assessed urban growth in Kaduna using remote sensing indices, landscape metrics, and Landsat images (2003, 2013, and 2023). Land use/land cover was carried out using the decision tree algorithm, while the transition matrix was computed using ArcGIS 10.8. Landscape fragmentation was assessed using Fragstat 4.3. The results revealed that between 2003 and 2023, bare land, built-up areas, and water bodies increased by 596 km2, 121.04 km2, and 0.22 km2, respectively, while cultivated land and tree cover decreased by 525.54 km2 and 191.91 km2, respectively. For the rate of change, bare lands,   built-up areas, and water bodies increased by 29.81 km2, 6.05 km2, and 0.01 km2 annually, respectively, while cultivated lands and water bodies decreased by 26.28 km2 and 9.60 km2, respectively. For the land-use transition, 112.71 km2 of the built-up areas remained persistent. Cultivated lands, tree cover, and water bodies transitioned to built-up areas, losing 85.43 km2, 13.91 km2, and  0.91 km2, respectively. Landscape fragmentation analysis revealed that the number of patches increased from 405 in 2003 to 614 in 2023. Patch density, largest patch index, total edge, edge density, area-weighted mean shape index, and fractal dimension index decreased between 2003 and 2013 but increased between 2013 and 2023, indicating urban sprawl. However, the area-weighted mean contiguity index consistently increased between 2003 and 2023. The study concluded that urbanization is the leading driver of landscape fragmentation. This study recommends that development should be controlled to reduce encroachment on agricultural lands and habitats, thereby reducing landscape fragmentation and land degradation.
Model of environmental management due to coal mining on the Separi River in Tenggarong Seberang District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province
Authors: Efendi Nur , Barlian Eri , Syah Nur Hasan , Dewata Indang , Arif Dian Adhetya , Umar Iswandi
Published: October 2024

Coal mining has a significant impact on reducing river water quality. The decline in river water quality causes problems for human life and the environment. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate river water quality and develop strategies for improving river water quality due to open pit coal mining activities in Tenggarong Seberang District and develop environmental improvement strategies. Several chemical parameters, including pH, TSS, Fe, and Mn, were observed through laboratory tests to determine water quality in the Separi River used in coal mining. The next step was determining environmental improvement strategies using the ISM approach. Twenty stakeholders from related agencies and institutions using FGD were involved in developing a policy strategy. The results of the analysis showed that there has been a decrease in river water quality standards due to mining activities in the research area, and the quality is still below the standard quality. Therefore, two significant strategies must be a priority for the environmental management of the Separi River. First, Conducting an environmental audit of the factors causing the decline in river water quality is necessary. Second, there must be warnings and legal sanctions for negligence in oil spills and oil used from coal mining.
Degradation of diesel fuel by Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031 with expression of the alkB gene in a column bioreactor
Authors: Daris Pieter Jhon Joshua , Wilopo Wahyu , Warmada Wayan , Retnaningrum Endah
Published: October 2024

Diesel fuel pollutants contain toxic hydrocarbons dominated by aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbon pollutants can be degraded in an environmentally friendly manner through bioremediation using hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa B031, which harbors the alkB gene that encodes an alkane hydroxylase that degrades alkane chains in hydrocarbons. This study compared the ability and efficiency of P. aeruginosa B031 to degrade diesel pollutants in a batch system and a continuous system using a column bioreactor, as well as the expression of alkB. P. aeruginosa B031 could more efficiently degrade diesel fuel in a continuous system in a column bioreactor than in the batch system. The concentrations of phenol, total organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand, and biological oxygen demand in the column bioreactor underwent a greater decrease than those in the batch system, namely 1.5-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.4-fold, and 1.3-fold, respectively. The decrease in these concentrations was followed by changes in functional groups, as shown via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The number of bacteria and the concentration of exopolysaccharide increased in the column bioreactor by 4-fold and 2.3-fold more than the increase in the batch system. The ability of P. aeruginosa B031 to degrade diesel fuel in the column bioreactor was also demonstrated by the higher expression of alkB than that in the control.
How to Humanize ‘Feral Children’: Constructing ‘Proper Identities’ in Liberal and Illiberal Legal Discourses
Authors: Sulikowski Adam
Published: October 2024

The subjects of this article are the mechanisms of constructing the identity of the collective subject of sovereignty in liberal and illiberal discourses and the issue of the relationship between collective identity discourses (primarily those related to law and imposed by law) and the political. The author adopts a specific perspective inspired by post-structuralism and post-Marxism. This perspective denies the claim of modern liberalism to be a meta-category in relation to other political and ideological options. The so-called post-politics inscribed in liberal discourses is, from the point of view of post-Marxism, a political proposition deeply entangled in ideology. The basic thesis of the article is that both the liberal and illiberal discourses in the construction of the subject of sovereignty are essentialist and perceive this subject as an imagined community that must be built with the significant participation of the law and (partially hidden) coercion.
The Personal Identity of the Human Being and the Right to Privacy from the Perspective of Standards of the European Court of Human Rights: Theoretical Legal Reflections
Authors: Liżewski Bartosz
Published: October 2024

This article seeks to present the problem of the personal identity of the human being as an important element of the right to one’s private life being respected. The presentation is from the point of view of the guarantees related to the establishment of standards for the protection of human rights by the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. Relevant for this reflection is the theoretical legal approach to this matter, with particular reference to the methods of interpretation of the European Convention on Human Rights. The article discusses the problem of understanding personal and social identity in a cultural context related to group and individual axiology. It presents historical determinants of the ideology of approaching the status of the individual within the state and the general standards of the right to have one’s private life respected. Two key methods of interpretation for devising standards of protection, i.e. the evolutionary interpretation and the method of the cultural margin of assessment, are also analysed. Not only do these methods allow for taking changes in European social axiology into account, but they also allow for the distinctiveness of social axiology at the local level. From this perspective, an answer is given to the question, do the ECHR’s standards for the protection of the right to respect for private life serve to reinforce the personal identity of a human being?
In Search of Women’s Identity
Authors: Helios Joanna , Jedlecka Wioletta
Published: October 2024

The aim of this article is an attempt women’s identity. uthors search for answers for this question in history, gender stereotypes and feminism. It should be remembered that the process of socialization plays a significant role in the process of identity construction. It is associated with the specific social environments in which human socialization takes place. The concept of identity raises the issue of social position as well as past and present position in the social system. Both collective and individual identities are fluid, change over time and are created throughout life.