bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of 99mTc-Hynic-Adh-1 Molecular Probe Specifically Targeting N-Cadherin and Its Preliminary Experimental Study in Monitoring Drug Resistance of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Ye Qianni , Liu Zhenfeng , Zhang Shuyi , Wang Guolin , Wen Guanghua , Dong Mengjie
Published: January 2023

Background: N-cadherin is considered a characteristic protein of EMT and has been found to be closely related to tumor resistance. In this study, a novel molecular imaging probe, 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1, was developed, and its diagnostic value in monitoring drug resistance in NSCLC was preliminarily investigated. Methods: ADH-1 was labeled indirectly with 99mTc. Radiochemical purity and stability, partition coefficients and pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Additionally, the fluorescent probe of ADH-1 was synthesized to study tumor uptake in cells level and in vivo. Biodistribution analysis and small animal SPECT/CT were performed in PC9GR and PC9 tumor-bearing mice. Results: 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 was highly stable (radiochemical purity ≥ 98% in PBS and serum after 24 h). A cell binding study and fluorescence imaging showed that the uptake was significantly higher in PC9GR cells (gefitinib-resistant) than in PC9 cells (nonresistant) (p < 0.05). Biodistribution analysis showed rapid blood clearance and significant uptake in the kidney and resistant tumor. Small animal SPECT/CT studies showed that uptake in PC9GR tumors (T/NT = 7.73 ± 0.54) was significantly higher than that in PC9 tumors (T/NT = 3.66 ± 0.78) at 1 h (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 molecular probe has a short synthesis time, high labeling rate, high radiochemical purity and good stability, does not require purification, is characterized by rapid blood clearance and is mainly excreted through the urinary system. 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 is considered a promising probe for monitoring drug resistance in NSCLC.
Pentacyclic Triterpenoids-Based Ionic Compounds: Synthesis, Study of Structure–Antitumor Activity Relationship, Effects on Mitochondria and Activation of Signaling Pathways of Proliferation, Genome Reparation and Early Apoptosis
Authors: Dzhemileva Lilya U. , Tuktarova Regina A. , Dzhemilev Usein M. , D’yakonov Vladimir A.
Published: January 2023

The present research paper details the synthesis of novel ionic compounds based on triterpene acids (betulinic, oleanolic and ursolic), with these acids acting both as anions and connected through a spacer with various nitrogen-containing compounds (pyridine, piperidine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, triethylamine and dimethylethanolamine) and acting as a cation. Based on the latter, a large number of ionic compounds with various counterions (BF4-, SbF6-, PF6-, CH3COO-, C6H5SO3-, m-C6H4(OH)COO- and CH3CH(OH)COO-) have been synthesized. We studied the cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds on the example of various tumor (Jurkat, K562, U937, HL60, A2780) and conditionally normal (HEK293) cell lines. IC50 was determined, and the influence of the structure and nature of the anion and cation on the antitumor activity was specified. Intracellular signaling, apoptosis induction and effects of the most active ionic compounds on the cell cycle and mitochondria have been discussed by applying modern methods of multiparametric enzyme immunoassay and flow cytometry.
Innate Immune Program in Formation of Tumor-Initiating Cells from Cells-of-Origin of Breast, Prostate, and Ovarian Cancers
Authors: Han Sen , Chen Xueqing , Li Zhe
Published: January 2023

Tumor-initiating cells (TICs), also known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are cancer cells that can initiate a tumor, possess self-renewal capacity, and can contribute to tumor heterogeneity. TICs/CSCs are developed from their cells-of-origin. In breast, prostate, and ovarian cancers, progenitor cells for mammary alveolar cells, prostate luminal (secretory) cells, and fallopian tube secretory cells are the preferred cellular origins for their corresponding cancer types. These luminal progenitors (LPs) express common innate immune program (e.g., Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling)-related genes. Microbes such as bacteria are now found in breast, prostate, and fallopian tube tissues and their corresponding cancer types, raising the possibility that their LPs may sense the presence of microbes and trigger their innate immune/TLR pathways, leading to an inflammatory microenvironment. Crosstalk between immune cells (e.g., macrophages) and affected epithelial cells (e.g., LPs) may eventually contribute to formation of TICs/CSCs from their corresponding LPs, in part via STAT3 and/or NFκB pathways. As such, TICs/CSCs can inherit expression of innate-immunity/TLR-pathway-related genes from their cells-of-origin; the innate immune program may also represent their unique vulnerability, which can be explored therapeutically (e.g., by enhancing immunotherapy via augmenting TLR signaling).
Significant Tumor Regression after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Gastric Cancer, but Poor Survival of the Patient? Role of MHC Class I Alterations
Authors: Hiltner Theresa , Szörenyi Noémi , Kohlruss Meike , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Herz Anna-Lina , Slotta-Huspenina Julia , Jesinghaus Moritz , Novotny Alexander , Lange Sebastian , Ott Katja , Weichert Wilko , Keller Gisela
Published: January 2023

We aimed to determine the clinical and prognostic relevance of allelic imbalance (AI) of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes, encompassing the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) genes, in the context of neoadjuvant platinum/fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy (CTx). Biopsies before CTx were studied in 158 patients with adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction. The response was histopathologically evaluated. AI was detected by multiplex PCRs analysis of four or five microsatellite markers in HLA and B2M regions, respectively. AI with no marker was significantly associated with response or survival. However, subgroup analysis revealed differences. AI at marker D6S265, close to the HLA-A gene, was associated with an obvious increased risk in responding (HR, 3.62; 95% CI, 0.96–13.68, p = 0.058) but not in non-responding patients (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.51–1.65, p = 0.773). Markers D6S273 and D6S2872 showed similar results. The interaction between AI at D6S265 and response to CTx was significant in a multivariable analysis (p = 0.010). No associations were observed for B2M markers. Our results underline the importance of intact neoantigen presentation specifically for responding patients and may help explain an unexpectedly poor survival of a patient despite significant tumor regression after neoadjuvant platinum/fluoropyrimidine CTx.
Genetics and RNA Regulation of Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Barbagallo Cristina , Stella Michele , Broggi Giuseppe , Russo Andrea , Caltabiano Rosario , Ragusa Marco
Published: January 2023

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant tumor and the most frequent melanoma not affecting the skin. While the rate of UM occurrence is relatively low, about 50% of patients develop metastasis, primarily to the liver, with lethal outcome despite medical treatment. Notwithstanding that UM etiopathogenesis is still under investigation, a set of known mutations and chromosomal aberrations are associated with its pathogenesis and have a relevant prognostic value. The most frequently mutated genes are BAP1, EIF1AX, GNA11, GNAQ, and SF3B1, with mutually exclusive mutations occurring in GNAQ and GNA11, and almost mutually exclusive ones in BAP1 and SF3B1, and BAP1 and EIF1AX. Among chromosomal aberrations, monosomy of chromosome 3 is the most frequent, followed by gain of chromosome 8q, and full or partial loss of chromosomes 1 and 6. In addition, epigenetic mechanisms regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), namely microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have also been investigated. Several papers investigating the role of ncRNAs in UM have reported that their dysregulated expression affects cancer-related processes in both in vitro and in vivo models. This review will summarize current findings about genetic mutations, chromosomal aberrations, and ncRNA dysregulation establishing UM biology.
Ruthenium Metathesis Catalysts with Imidazole Ligands
Authors: Ma Peng , Zhang Jiaren , Wu Xiaqian , Wang Jianhui
Published: January 2023

Phosphine-free ruthenium benzylidene complexes containing imidazole ligands are reported. These catalysts are effective for ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and cross-metathesis (CM) reactions at high temperatures, where the more widely used phosphine-containing N-heterocyclic carbene-based ruthenium catalysts show side reactions. This discovery opens up a pathway to develop more selective ruthenium metathesis catalysts for reactions requiring harsh conditions.
Reactivity of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds of FCC Light Cycle Oil in Hydrotreating over CoMoS and NiMoS Catalysts
Authors: Kim Jihyun , Lee Yong-Kul
Published: January 2023

NiMoS and CoMoS catalysts were synthesized and applied to hydrotreating (HDT) of FCC light cycle oils (FCC-LCO) in an autoclave batch reactor at 613 K and 8.6 MPa H2. The S and N compounds in LCO were classified into four and three groups, respectively, in terms of the HDT reactivity. The individual and the competitive reactivities of the S and N compounds in the HDS and the HDN were investigated over the conventional CoMoS and NiMoS catalysts using S and N model compounds (dibenzothiophene, DBT, and carbazole, CBZ). In the HDS of DBT, both the direct desulfurization (DDS) and pre-hydrogenation pathway (HYD) were found to proceed, whereas the HYD pathway was favored for the HDN of CBZ. As a result, the NiMoS catalyst that facilitates the HYD pathway showed better activity in the HDN of LCO than the CoMoS (k = 10.20 × 10−2 vs. 1.80 × 10−2 h−1). Indeed, the HDS of LCO over the NiMoS was more favorable than that over the CoMoS catalyst (k = 4.3 × 10−1 vs. 3.6 × 10−1 h−1).
Set of Small Molecule Polyurethane (PU) Model Substrates: Ecotoxicity Evaluation and Identification of PU Degrading Biocatalysts
Authors: Pantelic Brana , Skaro Bogojevic Sanja , Milivojevic Dusan , Ilic-Tomic Tatjana , Lončarević Branka , Beskoski Vladimir , Maslak Veselin , Guzik Maciej , Makryniotis Konstantinos , Taxeidis George , Siaperas Romanos , Topakas Evangelos , Nikodinovic-Runic Jasmina
Published: January 2023

Polyurethanes (PUs) are an exceedingly heterogeneous group of plastic polymers, widely used in a variety of industries from construction to medical implants. In the past decades, we have witnessed the accumulation of PU waste and its detrimental environmental impacts. PUs have been identified as one of the most toxic polymers leaching hazardous compounds derived both from the polymer itself and the additives used in production. Further environmental impact assessment, identification and characterization of substances derived from PU materials and establishing efficient degradation strategies are crucial. Thus, a selection of eight synthetic model compounds which represent partial PU hydrolysis products were synthesized and characterized both in terms of toxicity and suitability to be used as substrates for the identification of novel biocatalysts for PU biodegradation. Overall, the compounds exhibited low in vitro cytotoxicity against a healthy human fibroblast cell line and virtually no toxic effect on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans up to 500 µg mL−1, and two of the substrates showed moderate aquatic ecotoxicity with EC50 values 53 µg mL−1 and 45 µg mL−1, respectively, on Aliivibrio fischeri. The compounds were successfully applied to study the mechanism of ester and urethane bond cleaving preference of known plastic-degrading enzymes and were used to single out a novel PU-degrading biocatalyst, Amycolatopsis mediterranei ISP5501, among 220 microbial strains. A. mediterranei ISP5501 can also degrade commercially available polyether and polyester PU materials, reducing the average molecular number of the polymer up to 13.5%. This study uncovered a biocatalyst capable of degrading different types of PUs and identified potential enzymes responsible as a key step in developing biotechnological process for PU waste treatment options.
Porphyrins Acting as Photosensitizers in the Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kuramochi Yusuke , Satake Akiharu
Published: January 2023

The success of the photocatalytic CO2 reduction using sunlight depends on how visible light is captured and utilized. Zn porphyrins, which are synthetic analogues of chlorophyll and bacteriochlorophyll, have very intense absorption bands in the visible region and are high potential candidates as photosensitizers for CO2 reduction. However, the use of zinc porphyrins had been limited due to their poor stability under the photocatalytic reduction conditions. We found that the durability of porphyrin during the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction is dramatically improved by combining a metal complex catalyst with the porphyrin so that two or more electrons are not accumulated on the porphyrin. In this perspective, we describe the molecular design of systems that combine Re complexes and porphyrins in detail and their unique reaction mechanisms in the photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
Integrated Modeling of the Catalytic Aquathermolysis Process to Evaluate the Efficiency in a Porous Medium by the Example of a Carbonate Extra-Viscous Oil Field
Authors: Minkhanov Ilgiz F. , Chalin Vladislav V. , Tazeev Aidar R. , Bolotov Alexander V. , Mukhamatdinov Irek I. , Sitnov Sergey A. , Vakhin Alexey V. , Varfolomeev Mikhail A. , Kudryashov Sergey I. , Afanasiev Igor S. , Solovyev Alexey V. , Sansiev Georgiy V. , Antonenko Dmitry A. , Dubrovin Kirill A. , Simakov Iaroslav O.
Published: January 2023

In order to evaluate the efficiency of the catalytic aquathermolysis process, physical modeling was carried out on bituminous sediments of Paleocene–Miocene carbonate rocks, characterized by the presence of open and closed fractures. In this context, three filtration experiments were performed on an unextracted reservoir model with extra-viscous oil (EVO). Prior to the experiments, the mineral composition of the rock was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the content of organic matter and coking products was determined before and after the experiment by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) as well as the group composition of oil (SARA) before and after the experiment by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas composition at the fluid separation line, and oil displacement coefficient (ODC). The results of the conducted experiments show that the efficiency of displacement of extraviscous oil could be significantly increased by the use of a solvent and the combined use of a solvent and a catalyst (+9.3% and +17.1% of the oil displacement coefficient, respectively), which is associated with the processes of oil refining.
The Role of Cytokines in Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Gynaecological Cancers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ray Irene , Michael Agnieszka , Meira Lisiane B. , Ellis Patricia E.
Published: January 2023

Chronic inflammation has been closely linked to the development and progression of various cancers. The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process involving the acquisition of mesenchymal features by carcinoma cells and is an important link between inflammation and cancer development. Inflammatory mediators in the tumour micro-environment, such as cytokines and chemokines, can promote EMT changes in cancer cells. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the effect of cytokines on EMT in gynaecological cancers and discuss their possible therapeutic implications. A search of the databases CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, Medline, PubMed, TRIP, and Web of Science was performed using the keywords: “cytokines” AND “epithelial mesenchymal transition OR transformation” AND “gynaecological cancer”. Seventy-one articles reported that various cytokines, such as TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, etc., promoted EMT changes in ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancers. The EMT changes included from epithelial to mesenchymal morphological change, downregulation of the epithelial markers E-cadherin/β-catenin, upregulation of the mesenchymal markers N-cadherin/vimentin/fibronectin, and upregulation of the EMT-transformation factors (EMT-TF) SNAI1/SNAI2/TWIST/ZEB. Cytokine-induced EMT can lead to gynaecological cancer development and metastasis and hence novel therapies targeting the cytokines or their EMT signalling pathways could possibly prevent cancer progression, reduce cancer recurrence, and prevent drug-resistance.
Colorimetric Gas Detection Using Molecular Devices and an RGB Sensor
Authors: Roales Javier , Moscoso Francisco G. , Vargas Alejandro P. , Lopes-Costa Tânia , Pedrosa José M.
Published: January 2023

Spectrophotometry and colorimetry are among the most-used techniques for chemical and biological analyses, but the required equipment is often expensive and restricted to laboratory use. We present here a low-cost and portable color measuring device that can provide similar results to laboratory spectrophotometers in color measuring applications. Our prototype was based on an RGB color sensor interfaced to a Raspberry Pi and mounted on custom sample holders with a dual illumination source for reflectance or transmittance measurements. To evaluate its capabilities for the detection of gases, we used two already-tested colorimetric molecular devices: Harrison’s reagent supported on porous TiO2 films for the detection of phosgene, and mixed films of a porphyrinic metal–organic frameworks and polydimethylsiloxane for the detection of biogenic amines. The results showed that the prototype could accurately monitor the color change of the sensing devices when exposed to the analytes and that its versatility allowed for the measurement of samples with different characteristics. This inexpensive and portable prototype, able to run on a 5 V battery and work wirelessly, proved to be a valid alternative for color measuring when expensive spectrophotometers are not available, mobility is needed, or a full-spectral characterization is not necessary.
The Diagnostic Odyssey of Patients with Chronic Neuropathic Pain—Expert Opinion of Greek Pain Specialists
Authors: Kritikou Persefoni , Vadalouca Athina , Rekatsina Martina , Varrassi Giustino , Siafaka Ioanna
Published: January 2023

The diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain requires a laborious process and can be a very long journey for the patients, one that can be characterized as an “odyssey.” Our aim was to describe the “diagnostic odyssey” associated with chronic neuropathic pain in the Greek context. Specialized clinicians working at dedicated chronic pain and palliative care centers were asked to participate in a survey regarding the diagnostic process in Greece. In total, 44 respondents provided information on the organization of their centers, the diagnostic process, and the perceived obstacles involved in the diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain. Most respondents reported that their centers were not fully or efficiently organized and believed that additional specialized healthcare personnel should be employed. Raising public awareness about the existence of such centers was also considered key. The two main obstacles in reaching a diagnosis were the difficulty non-experts had in recognizing chronic neuropathic pain and the lack of acknowledgement that chronic neuropathic pain is a condition that needs to be addressed. When considering these responses in light of the extended socioeconomic burden associated with chronic neuropathic pain, efforts should be made to limit the “diagnostic odyssey” of chronic neuropathic pain in Greece. The aim of this study is to explore the experience of patients with chronic neuropathic pain in Greece from the viewpoint of pain specialists. A better organization of pain and palliative care centers, facilitation of communication with previously treating clinicians, increased personnel, utilization of a chronic pain registry, and guidelines development can aid in this venture. Keypoints: The diagnosis of chronic neuropathic pain in Greece is a laborious and time-consuming process that needs to be refined; Greek clinicians believe that their centers were not fully or efficiently organized and think that additional specialized healthcare personnel should be employed; Patient comorbidities and retards in visiting a clinic at the onset of symptoms delay the diagnosis of neuropathic pain and may complicate subsequent care; The diagnostic delay has been reported as three years between the onset of symptoms and seeking general medical help and another nine years before a referral to a pain specialist; Neuropathic pain is associated with patient distress and socioeconomic burdens, and diagnostic delays prolong the condition, may allow it to worsen, and utilize valuable healthcare resources without providing effective solutions.
Effect of Cold Deformation on the Hydrogen Permeation Behavior of X65 Pipeline Steel
Authors: Yao Chan , Ming Hongliang , Chen Jian , Wang Jianqiu , Han En-Hou
Published: January 2023

In this study, an electrochemical hydrogen permeation experiment was used to determine the diffusion parameters, and a hydrogen microprint test was used to visualize the distribution of hydrogen in X65 pipeline steel with different levels of cold deformation. The hydrogen permeation curves show that both hydrogen permeation current density and effective hydrogen diffusion coefficient decrease with increasing cold deformation. The density of reversible and irreversible hydrogen traps is calculated from the permeation parameters, and it is found that the amount of both traps increases with increasing deformation, especially a significant increase in reversible hydrogen traps, which is in agreement with the results measured by thermal desorption spectroscopy. Hydrogen microprint test results indicate that the degree of hydrogen aggregation on the specimen surface increases with increasing cold deformation, especially at phase and grain boundaries. In addition, the dislocation configuration after cold deformation was further investigated by transmission electron microscopy.
Recent Progress on Boosting the Perovskite Film Quality of All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Ying , Li Fuqiang , Zhang Man , Yang Zhenyuan
Published: January 2023

All-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite material not only has the benefits of advanced light absorption coefficient, long carrier lifetime, and simple preparation process of organic–inorganic perovskite materials but it also maintains excellent stability under the erosion of damp heat. Stability is the premise of its industrialization, so all-inorganic perovskite is undoubtedly a very competitive direction for the development of perovskite materials. However, there are still many defects in the all-inorganic perovskite thin films, and it is difficult to obtain high power conversion efficiency (PCE). This review systematically summarizes additive engineering, solvent engineering, and interface engineering methods to promote the thin film property for a high PCE in recent years.
Bladderwort Relationship to Zooplankton in Two Northern Michigan Lakes
Authors: Wallace Hoffelt Reo K. , Doubek Jonathan P.
Published: January 2023

Traditionally, most of our understanding of lake zooplankton dynamics is from data collected in the pelagic, open water zone. However, the littoral and benthic zones of lakes can play a role in zooplankton community interactions and relationships. Utricularia spp., or the bladderworts, inhabit littoral and shallow waters of lakes and consume zooplankton. Limited information exists on the dietary habits of bladderworts and how diet varies across lakes and seasonally. Bladderwort dietary assemblage in two Michigan, USA, lakes was quantified during the thermally stratified period of 2020, and was compared to zooplankton in the adjacent water column. Bladderwort trap size was positively related to zooplankton prey size, but not number of prey consumed or taxa richness. Bladderworts consumed a variety of prey, the majority dominated by littoral cladoceran and ostracod taxa. Seasonal change was observed, with significantly higher ostracod dominance earlier in the season, shifting into cladoceran dominance later in the season. Ostracods were more commonly found in traps than the water column, whereas Cladocera were more commonly found in the water column than the traps. These results shed light into the dietary habits of bladderworts, which can have consequences for food web dynamics and energy transfer in small lake systems.
Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Kidney Disease: From Bench to Bedside?
Authors: Delrue Charlotte , De Bruyne Sander , Speeckaert Reinhart , Speeckaert Marijn M.
Published: January 2023

Extracellular vesicles are a diverse group of particles that include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies and are defined by size, composition, site of origin, and density. They incorporate various bioactive molecules from their cell of origin during formation, such as soluble proteins, membrane receptors, nucleic acids (mRNAs and miRNAs), and lipids, which can then be transferred to target cells. Extracellular vesicles/exosomes have been extensively studied as a critical factor in pathophysiological processes of human diseases. Urinary extracellular vesicles could be a promising liquid biopsy for determining the pattern and/or severity of kidney histologic injury. The signature of urinary extracellular vesicles may pave the way for noninvasive methods to supplement existing testing methods for diagnosing kidney diseases. We discuss the potential role of urinary extracellular vesicles in various chronic kidney diseases in this review, highlighting open questions and discussing the potential for future research.
Pictorial Review on Imaging Findings in Cerebral CTP in Patients with Acute Stroke and Its Mimics: A Primer for General Radiologists
Authors: Haggenmüller Benedikt , Kreiser Kornelia , Sollmann Nico , Huber Magdalena , Vogele Daniel , Schmidt Stefan A. , Beer Meinrad , Schmitz Bernd , Ozpeynirci Yigit , Rosskopf Johannes , Kloth Christopher
Published: January 2023

The imaging evaluation of computed tomography (CT), CT angiography (CTA), and CT perfusion (CTP) is of crucial importance in the setting of each emergency department for suspected cerebrovascular impairment. A fast and clear assignment of characteristic imaging findings of acute stroke and its differential diagnoses is essential for every radiologist. Different entities can mimic clinical signs of an acute stroke, thus the knowledge and fast identification of stroke mimics is important. A fast and clear assignment is necessary for a correct diagnosis and a rapid initiation of appropriate therapy. This pictorial review describes the most common imaging findings in CTP with clinical signs for acute stroke or other acute neurological disorders. The knowledge of these pictograms is therefore essential and should also be addressed in training and further education of radiologists.
Task-Based Image Quality Assessment Comparing Classical and Iterative Cone Beam CT Images on Halcyon®
Authors: Lassot-Buys Marion , Verstraet Rodolfe , Dabli Djamel , Moliner Gilles , Greffier Joël
Published: January 2023

Background: Despite the development of iterative reconstruction (IR) in diagnostic imaging, CBCT are generally reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP) in radiotherapy. Varian medical systems, recently released with their latest Halcyon® V2.0 accelerator, a new IR algorithm for CBCT reconstruction. Purpose: To assess the image quality of radiotherapy CBCT images reconstructed with FBP and an IR algorithm. Methods: Three CBCT acquisition modes (head, thorax and pelvis large) available on a Halcyon® were assessed. Five acquisitions were performed for all modes on an image quality phantom and reconstructed with FBP and IR. Task-based image quality assessment was performed with noise power spectrum (NPS), task-based transfer function (TTF) and detectability index (d’). To illustrate the image quality obtained with both reconstruction types, CBCT acquisitions were made on 6 patients. Results: The noise magnitude and the spatial frequency of the NPS peak was lower with IR than with FBP for all modes. For all low and high-contrast inserts, the values for TTF at 50% were higher with IR than with FBP. For all inserts and all modes, the contrast values were similar with FBP and IR. For all low and high-contrast simulated lesions, d’ values were higher with IR than with FBP for all modes. These results were also found on the 6 patients where the images were less noisy but smoother with IR-CBCT. Conclusions: Using the IR algorithm for CBCT images in radiotherapy improve image quality and thus could increase the accuracy of online registration and limit positioning errors during processing.
Overexpression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Its Relation with Aggressiveness and Grade of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sumera Sumera , Ali Asif , Yousafzai Yasar M. , Durrani Zubair , Alorini Mohammed , Aleem Benish , Zahir Rabia
Published: January 2023

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to be involved in cancer metastasis in several cancer types. There is however conflicting evidence of HIF-1α expression with oral cancer prognosis. Therefore, this study set out to investigate HIF-1α overexpression and its relationship with the aggressiveness and grade of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the diagnostic potential of HIF-1α overexpression in OSCC in a cohort of Pakistani patients. Immunostaining of HIF-1α was performed on 54 OSCC and 14 normal oral mucosa (NOM) tissue samples and various cut-offs were used to evaluate its immunohistochemical expression. HIF-1α expression in OSCC samples was significantly higher than in controls, with minimal immunoreactivity in NOM. HIF-1α overexpression was significantly associated with increased tumor size (p = 0.046). However, no association was found between HIF-1α overexpression and increasing Broder’s histological grade or TNM stage. The cut-off >10% cells with moderate to marked intensity carried a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 100% to distinguish between tumor and control. ROC curve analysis of HIF-1α weighted histoscores showedHIF-1α overexpression as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic test (p < 0.001, AUC = 0.833). HIF-1α overexpression is a tumor-specific finding associated with increased tumor size and carries a potential diagnostic role.
Prenatal Diagnosis and Fetopsy Validation of Complete Atrioventricular Septal Defects Using the Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography Method
Authors: Veronese Paola , Guariento Alvise , Cattapan Claudia , Fedrigo Marny , Gervasi Maria Teresa , Angelini Annalisa , Riva Arianna , Vida Vladimiro
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a modern tool with numerous applications in the medical field. The case series reported here aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of the fetal intelligent navigation echocardiography (FINE) method applied for the first time in the prenatal identification of atrioventricular septal defects (AVSD). This congenital heart disease (CHD) is associated with extracardiac anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities. Therefore, an early diagnosis is essential to advise parents and make adequate treatment decisions. (2) Methods: Four fetuses diagnosed with AVSD via two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound examination in the second trimester were enrolled. In all cases, the parents chose to terminate the pregnancy. Since the diagnosis of AVSD with 2D ultrasound may be missed, one or more four-dimensional (4D) spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) volume datasets were obtained from a four-chamber view. The manual navigation enabled by the software is time-consuming and highly operator-dependent. (3) Results: FINE was applied to these volumes and nine standard fetal echocardiographic views were generated and optimized automatically, using the assistance of the virtual intelligent sonographer (VIS). Here, 100% of the four-chamber views, and after the VISA System application the five-chamber views, of the diagnostic plane showed the atrioventricular septal defect and a common AV valve. The autopsies of the fetuses confirmed the ultrasound results. (4) Conclusions: By applying intelligent navigation technology to the STIC volume datasets, 100% of the AVSD diagnoses were detected.
VIS-NIR Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy System with Self-Calibrating Fiber-Optic Probe: Study of Perturbation Resistance
Authors: Perekatova Valeriya , Kostyuk Alexey , Kirillin Mikhail , Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kurakina Daria , Shemagina Olga , Orlova Anna , Khilov Aleksandr , Turchin Ilya
Published: January 2023

We report on the comparative analysis of self-calibrating and single-slope diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in resistance to different measurement perturbations. We developed an experimental setup for diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) in a wide VIS-NIR range with a fiber-optic probe equipped with two source and two detection fibers capable of providing measurements employing both single- and dual-slope (self-calibrating) approaches. In order to fit the dynamic range of a spectrometer in the wavelength range of 460–1030 nm, different exposure times have been applied for short (2 mm) and long (4 mm) source-detector distances. The stability of the self-calibrating and traditional single-slope approaches to instrumental perturbations were compared in phantom and in vivo studies on human palm, including attenuations in individual channels, fiber curving, and introducing optical inhomogeneities in the probe–tissue interface. The self-calibrating approach demonstrated high resistance to instrumental perturbations introduced in the source and detection channels, while the single-slope approach showed resistance only to perturbations introduced into the source channels.
Clinical Low-Dose Photon-Counting CT for the Detection of Urolithiasis: Radiation Dose Reduction Is Possible without Compromising Image Quality
Authors: Niehoff Julius Henning , Carmichael Alexandra Fiona , Woeltjen Matthias Michael , Boriesosdick Jan , Michael Arwed Elias , Schmidt Bernhard , Panknin Christoph , Flohr Thomas G. , Shahzadi Iram , Piechota Hansjuergen , Borggrefe Jan , Kroeger Jan Robert
Published: January 2023

Background: This study evaluated the feasibility of reducing the radiation dose in abdominal imaging of urolithiasis with a clinical photon-counting CT (PCCT) by gradually lowering the image quality level (IQL) without compromising the image quality and diagnostic value. Methods: Ninety-eight PCCT examinations using either IQL70 (n = 31), IQL60 (n = 31) or IQL50 (n = 36) were retrospectively included. Parameters for the radiation dose and the quantitative image quality were analyzed. Qualitative image quality, presence of urolithiasis and diagnostic confidence were rated. Results: Lowering the IQL from 70 to 50 led to a significant decrease (22.8%) in the size-specific dose estimate (SSDE, IQL70 4.57 ± 0.84 mGy, IQL50 3.53 ± 0.70 mGy, p < 0.001). Simultaneously, lowering the IQL led to a minimal deterioration of the quantitative quality, e.g., image noise increased from 9.13 ± 1.99 (IQL70) to 9.91 ± 1.77 (IQL50, p = 0.248). Radiologists did not notice major changes in the image quality throughout the IQLs. Detection rates of urolithiasis (91.3–100%) did not differ markedly. Diagnostic confidence was high and not influenced by the IQL. Conclusions: Adjusting the PCCT scan protocol by lowering the IQL can significantly reduce the radiation dose without significant impairment of the image quality. The detection rate and diagnostic confidence are not impaired by using an ultra-low-dose PCCT scan protocol.
A Preclinical Feasibility Study of Single-Port Robotic Subcostal Anatomical Lung Resection and Subxiphoid Thymectomy Using the da Vinci® SP System
Authors: Wu Ching Feng , Cheng Chuan , Suen Ka Hei , Stein Hubert , Chao Yin Kai
Published: January 2023

Despite the recent introduction of technologically advanced single-port (SP) robotic systems, their use in the field of thoracic surgery has been rarely explored. Here, we report our preclinical experience concerning SP robotic thoracic surgery using the da Vinci® SP system. The da Vinci® SP system was used to perform subcostal anatomical lung resection and subxiphoid thymectomy in three cadavers. The operative settings that best met the surgeon’s requirements for each resection were also determined. Four subcostal anatomical lung resections and two subxiphoid thymectomies were completed. While both procedures did not require additional incisions, the use of an observation port in the intercostal spaces was strongly recommended to safely create subcostal access. Dissection of hilar structures and mediastinal lymph nodes was feasible. However, due to the current unavailability of a robotic stapler, a handheld stapling instrument was required to perform a transection of vital structures. When the stapling process proved to be difficult, the table surgeon temporarily removed a robotic arm to acquire the necessary space to complete the procedure. Our data represent a promising preclinical step in understanding the feasibility of using the da Vinci® SP system to perform an SP subcostal anatomical lung resection and a subxiphoid thymectomy.
Is the Current Forest Management to the Northernmost Population of Cordulegaster heros (Anisoptera: Cordulegastridae) in Central Europe (Czech Republic) Threatening?
Authors: Holuša Otakar , Holušová Kateřina , Balázs Attila
Published: January 2023

Cordulegaster heros is included in the EN category on the IUCN Red List for the territory of the Czech Republic, where it inhabits an area of approximately 100 km2. All of the localities are located in the forest complex in Chřiby hills, and all of the forests fall into the category of management forests. Most of the forest stands have a high and very high degree of naturalness; they are natural forest stands. The predominant management units are Nutrient sites in middle elevations (78.2% of the area) and Oligotrophic sites in middle elevations (2.1% of the area), with stand types of Fagus sylvatica representing 92.5% of the area, and forest stand types of Quercus sp. representing 5.7% of the area. The wider alluvia in forest streams are classified as being in management unit alder and ash sites on waterlogged and floodplain soils (1.1%), with the forest stand type of Alnus glutinosa. The forest stands are restored by regeneration under shelterwood (97.8% of the area). The waterlogged alluvia, if a separate management unit is established for them, are restored by a regeneration by strip method. Realistically, seven factors were recorded in C. heros habitats, but they mostly have only point effects. Within forestry management, the factors of logging directly in the habitats and the subsequent transport of harvested timber in the habitat were recorded. The most intrusive effects were found on tractor logging roads, where fine soil washes into the stream and causes prolonged turbidity. Of the water management structures in the study area, logging roads with bridges and culverts are constructed, stream banks are reinforced with longitudinal walls at points, and stone steps in the channels are constructed only sporadically. The current forest management system can be described as a nature-friendly system, and therefore, it fully ensures the conditions for the survival of the C. heros population in the Czech Republic.
Wood Colour Variations of Quercus Species in Romania
Authors: Hălălișan Aureliu-Florin , Dinulică Florin , Gurean Dan Marian , Codrean Codrin , Neykov Nikolay , Antov Petar , Bardarov Nikolai
Published: January 2023

Wood colour metrics are increasingly being used in wood technology and ecology studies. Researchers usually determine the colours of the wood after treatment or in different habitats. There is very little research dedicated to the problem of colour variations among one specific species harvested in different forests or regions. The main purpose of the current research is to reveal and estimate the colour variability of oak species. For this study, a total of 89 samples were taken from the heartwood of seven oak species (Quercus robur L., Quercus cerris L., Quercus rubra L., Quercus pedunculiflora K. Koch., Quercus pubescens Willd., Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl., and Quercus palustris Muenchh.). The CIELAB system was used for the assessment of the colour differences. To determine the colour groups and variations, K-means clustering was used. The results show that colour variations do exist. According to the cluster analysis, at least five types of oak wood can be distinguished (because in some clusters, very few samples were present) in the investigated forests. The differences are mainly observed in terms of the lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*). Redness is not a feature by which oak wood differs, but the wood can be brighter or more yellow in some of the samples. The density of the Romanian oaks in the sample does not influence the colour coordinates. The only coordinate affected is a*, but with a very small probability.
Protection of Coastal Shelter Forests Using UAVs: Individual Tree and Tree-Height Detection in Casuarina equisetifolia L. Forests
Authors: Lin Lili , Hao Zhenbang , Post Christopher J. , Mikhailova Elena A.
Published: January 2023

Casuarina equisetifolia L. plays a significant role in sandy, coastal regions for sand stabilization and windbreaks. However, C. equisetifolia forests are susceptible to plant diseases and insect pests, resulting in mortality due to pure stands and a harsh natural environment. Mapping the distribution of C. equisetifolia and detecting its height can inform forest-management decisions. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, coupled with the classical detection method, can provide accurate information on tree-level forest parameters. Considering that the accuracy of a forest-parameter estimation is impacted by various flight altitudes and extraction parameters, the purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate flight altitude and extraction parameters for mapping C. equisetifolia using UAV imagery and the local maxima algorithm in order to monitor C. equisetifolia more accurately. A total of 11 different flight altitudes and 36 combinations of circular smoothing window size (CSWS) and fixed circular window size (FCWS) were tested, and 796 trees with corresponding positions in the UAV image and ground–tree heights were used as reference. The results show that the combination of a 0.1 m CSWS and a 0.8 m FCWS for individual tree detection (ITD) and tree-height detection achieved excellent accuracy (with an F1 score of 91.44% for ITD and an estimation accuracy (EA) of 79.49% for tree-height detection). A lower flight altitude did not indicate a higher accuracy for individual tree and tree-height detection. The UAV image obtained within a flight altitude of 60 m–80 m can meet the accuracy requirements for the identification of C. equisetifolia tree-height estimation (F1 score > 85% for ITD; EA > 75% for tree-height estimation). This study provides a foundation for monitoring C. equisetifolia by using UAV imagery and applying the local maxima algorithm, which may help forestry practitioners detect C. equisetifolia trees and tree heights more accurately, providing more information on C. equisetifolia growth status.
Novel Fermented Ice Cream Formulations with Improved Antiradical and Anti-Inflammatory Features
Authors: Polo Andrea , Tlais Ali Zein Alabiden , Filannino Pasquale , Da Ros Alessio , Arora Kashika , Cantatore Vincenzo , Vincentini Olimpia , Nicolodi Anja , Nicolodi Renzo , Gobbetti Marco , Di Cagno Raffaella
Published: January 2023

Autochthonous strains belonging to Lacticaseibacillus paracasei and Lacticaseibacillus casei were screened based on pro-technological (kinetics of growth and acidification, exopolysaccharides biosynthesis), functional (cell viability during processing and storage, in vitro protein digestibility, and in vitro gastrointestinal batch digestion), and sensory properties to ferment milk intended to be included in the ice-cream formulation. The main discrimination among the strains resulted from the sensory evaluation by the panelists, who assigned the highest scores to the ice cream produced with milk fermented with L. casei F14. Antiradical and anti-inflammatory features of such fermented ice cream (with and without the addition of hydroxytyrosol) were shown in Caco-2 cell culture. The pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with fermented ice creams counteracted the accumulation of pro-inflammatory interleukin mediators IL-8 and IL-6 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by detrimental stimuli, and preserved the Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity. The fermentation with L. casei F14 per se played a key role, whereas the inclusion of hydroxytyrosol only contributed to further enhancing the antiradical activity of ice cream. No protective effect on Caco-2 cells was brought about by the addition of dietary fiber.
Application of Terpenoid Compounds in Food and Pharmaceutical Products
Authors: Fan Mei , Yuan Siqi , Li Lingshan , Zheng Jia , Zhao Dong , Wang Chengjun , Wang Hong , Liu Xun , Liu Jun
Published: January 2023

Terpenes are compounds that include monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and terpenes, where isoprene is the basic structural unit of multiple oxygenated hydrocarbons. Terpenes are often found in plants, especially in some Zingiberaceae or tulips, and they have been obtained by direct extraction, chemical synthesis, and microorganisms. They exhibit anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-oxidant, and analgesic activity, aid digestion, and have other biological activities. Terpenes are widely used as factors in food health and as anti-cancer treatments. They are used especially as active substances in fermented Chinese baijiu products and gives Chinese baijiu its fruity aroma. To a certain extent, terpenes affect the quality of baijiu. In pharmaceutical products, terpenes, especially limonene and elemene, have strong biological activity that reduces the mitosis of tumor cells, induces tumor cell apoptosis, and inhibits tumor cell growth. However, the low yield of terpenes limits its application. Therefore, we review the sources of terpenes, focus on the biosynthesis pathway of sesquiterpenes, and explore the latest research progress on terpenes that play a biologically active and functional role in fermented products and pharmaceutical products, especially in the development and utilization of the Chinese baijiu industry. We provide new research ideas for the improvement and optimization of terpenes in various industries.
The Labour Rights Protection of Migrant Fishing Workers in Taiwan: Case Study of Nan-Fang-Ao Fishing Harbor
Authors: Tseng Huan-Sheng , Tsai Hsin-Hua , Tseng Po-Hsing
Published: January 2023

Marine fisheries are undeniably important to Taiwan in terms of economic development and industrial strategies. In the past 10 years, Taiwan’s fishery GDP accounted for 14% to 21% of all agriculture, forestry, fishery, and animal husbandry, which is higher than both animal husbandry and forestry. Since the domestic population structure of Taiwan has changed, the domestic fishery industrial labor force has gradually been replaced by migrant fishing workers. The issue of migrant fishing workers’ protection has received attention from non-governmental organizations, and cross-national recruitment administration has become the greatest challenge faced by Taiwan’s authority. Therefore, this paper describes the necessary protection of the labor conditions and interests of migrant fishermen by analyzing their status and human rights protection in the historical development of Taiwan’s marine fisheries. In addition, considering the well-being of migrant fishing workers, this paper conducts a feasibility assessment on the operation of the “Nan-Fang-Ao Fishermen’s Hostel” at the Nan-Fang-Ao Fishing Harbor and illustrates the urgent need to re-examine the migrant fishing workers’ protection. This paper suggests that the government agencies should actively advise employers to accept migrant fishermen’s requests for better living environments onshore and guarantee basic living conditions.