bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISIS TRIBUTARIO DE LAS COMISIONES POR SERVICIOS DE LOS AGENTES INTERMEDIARIOS TEXTILES
Authors: López Siu Tania Belky
Published: February 2018

La presente evaluación permite presentar que las comisiones por los servicios de los Agentes Intermediarios Textiles, representantes de empresas del exterior, se encuentran inafectas al Impuesto General a las Ventas. A partir de dicho objetivo, se realizó un análisis descriptivo tomando en cuenta las variables materia de la investigación, obteniendo como resultados, que los ingresos por comisiones al gravar con el Impuesto General a las Ventas, representa una disminución de 15.26% de su rendimiento económico, al emitirse la factura al no domiciliado (consumidor final), el agente intermediario textil asume el impuesto disminuyendo el beneficio económico de la operación. Debido a la carencia de inclusión en la norma tributaria del Impuesto General a las Ventas del Apéndice V exportación de Servicios, a este tipo de actividades les genera controversias de interpretación normativa, perjudicando la estabilidad operativa de las empresas Agentes Intermediarias Textiles y existencia de empresas confeccionistas exportadoras.
INCIDENCIA ECONÓMICA DEL IMPACTO AMBIENTAL, DESECHOS SÓLIDOS, PROVINCIA EL ORO – ECUADOR
Authors: Vásquez Flores José Alberto
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo esta dado a sustentar las políticas económicas y el impacto ambiental que causan los desechos sólidos que se produce en la Provincia de El Oro del Ecuador; se expresó como problemática principal: Qué políticas económicas han incidido en el impacto ambiental de los desechos sólidos de la Provincia de El Oro del Ecuador, período 2010 – 2013. La investigación fue mixta: “Aplicada” en la primera parte, luego “explicativa”, “longitudinal” y finalmente “cuantitativa” y “correlacionada”, de acuerdo a la finalidad de la misma. Los resultados hallados fueron: de los datos estadísticos aportado por los Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados (GAD) Municipales de los cantones de la provincia de El Oro, presentados en forma global, los gastos ejecutados fueron mayores a los ingresos obtenidos por la tasa de recolección de basura, lo que generó un subsidio del presupuesto general del estado por 10 031 893,38 USD, es decir, se mantuvo un déficit presupuestario en el manejo de los desechos sólidos en un promedio del 41%, conforme lo demuestra la gráfica No. 5. En conclusión, se sustenta que es admisible bajar el riesgo del impacto ambiental negativo de la provincia, y que su impacto se convierta en positivo para el buen vivir.
LA CULTURA TRIBUTARIA Y LA GESTIÓN MUNICIPAL
Authors: Ruiz Vásquez Juana
Published: February 2018

El presente estudio pretende establecer la existencia de una relación entre la cultura tributaria, operacionalizada en este caso como la morosidad en los pagos de arbitrios municipales y la calidad de gestión de los servicios públicos municipales en el distrito de Lince, durante el periodo comprendido entre 2011 y 2014. Para desarrollar la investigación, se ha utilizado el enfoque mixto (cuantitativo y cualitativo), de alcance descriptivo y correlacional, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, y fue dirigida a la población de ciudadanos inscritos en el registro de contribuyentes de la Municipalidad distrital de Lince, con una muestra probabilística de 298 sujetos de estudio. Las técnicas utilizadas han sido la encuesta y la recopilación documental, una vez que se obtuvieron los resultados se procedió a tabularlos, los datos han sido procesados con el software estadístico de Microsoft Excel. Del procesamiento de datos recopilados y el análisis de los resultados se verificó empíricamente el incremento de la morosidad en el pago de arbitrios, el bajo nivel de información sobre los tributos municipales y la deficiente calidad de gestión tributaria de la administración municipal de Lince percibida en la prestación de servicios municipales de limpieza pública, de ornato y de seguridad ciudadana.
Prevalence of Aflatoxin B1 in Commercial Dried Fish from Some Regions of Java
Authors: Indriati Ninoek , Hermana Irma , Hidayah Izhamil , Rahayu Endang S
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study is to study the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in commercial dried salted fish and other related information. A total of 150 samples were classified into 3 groups, based on the salt content. Low salt content (0-5%) were dried anchovies (Stolephorus sp.) and commerson’s anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii); moderate salt content (6-10%) were medan anchovy (Stolephorus bataviensis) and  whipfin silverbiddy (Gerres filamentosus) while high salt content (>10%) were moonlight gouramy (Trichogaster microlepis) and snakehead fish (Channa striata). The samples were collected from different seller in Java Island and then determined for Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin B1, salt content, moisture content, pH, water activity and total mold count. Results showed that dried salted fish were contaminated with A. flavus at temperature of 25.2-32.2 oC, 65-84% humidity, 17-50% moisture content, 0.25-19.88% salt content, and 0.73-0.86 aw. The prevalence of A. flavus in dried salted fish was 9.33% (14/150) and the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 was 8% (12/150) with detectable concentrations of 10.71-33.6 ppb.
Proximate Composition and Sensory Characteristics of Traditional and Oven-Drying Smoked Tilapia Fillets Enriched With Olive Oil
Authors: Ikasari Diah , Suryanti Suryanti , Suryaningrum Th Dwi
Published: February 2018

The study aimed to investigate the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of smoked tilapia fish fillets which were produced using different drying process and enriched with olive oil. Smoked fish were made using the following method: the fish were fasted overnight, shocked with cold water (4-5 oC) and then slaughtered and filleted. The fillets were soaked for 30 minutes in a brine solution containing spices and 5% (v/v) of liquid smoke. 5% (v/v) of olive oil was added into the solution and compared with control without olive oil addition. After 30 minutes, fish were cleaned from the spices using water and smoked at a temperature of 80 oC for 4-5 hours. The drying process was conducted in two different methods, i.e using oven-drying and traditional smoking. The smoked tilapia products were analyzed for proximate composition and sensory profiles. The result showed that addition of olive oil and methods of drying affected the proximate composition as well as sensory characteristics of the tilapia fillets. The fillets with addition of 5% olive oil and processed with oven-drying were considered as the best treatment due to low moisture content but high ash, fat and protein contents with 45.6±0.4%; 6.8±0.1%; 7.9±0.1% and 82±1.6%,  respectively. Based on panelist evaluation, the fillets with 5% olive oil and processed with oven-drying also had high performances in appearance and texture.
Music Education for All
Authors: Savage Jonathan
Published: February 2018

This article argues that a systematic, developmental and comprehensive music education should be at the heart of every child's formal education within the state education system. The benefits of a music education are briefly explored before a presentation of recent research data that
demonstrates a decline in music education as a result of poorly designed and implemented government policies in recent years. Rather than an over-reliance on the 'outsourcing' of music education to music education hubs and other private providers, qualified teachers with appropriate musical
and pedagogical skills and understanding hold the key to the provision of a quality music education for all young people. Within primary schools, teachers without a music specialism need to be reminded that music as a subject is not impossible to teach and can be done well with their 'generalist'
skills; within secondary schools, music needs to relate to other curriculum subjects in a more explicit way. This is examined through a metaphor drawn from the Renaissance period. Ultimately, this article argues that music education is too important to be left to amateurs. All children deserve
a music education that is designed and delivered by qualified and skilful professional educators.
Keeping All of Your Passengers on the Plane: creating truly inclusive, human-scale secondary education for all, including those with special educational needs
Authors: Bailey Alison , Taylor David
Published: February 2018

Stanley Park High School, Carshalton was designated a Building Schools for the Future 'One School Pathfinder' in 2006, and charged with being innovative in all aspects of schooling. This article, which links with a number of other contributions in this issue of FORUM about interconnected
practices at the school, will focus on one of the four schools-within-a-school (SWS), Horizon. This SWS is markedly different from the other three because it contains two opportunity bases – Aqua and Ignis – that in total meet the needs of 91 students with an Education and Health
Care Plan for Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC), a provision that we believe to be unique within a mainstream secondary setting in England.
The Relevance of Primary Education
Authors: Coe John
Published: February 2018

This article sketches a vision of how primary education needs to be reshaped to let schools focus more sharply on the development of children as individuals. Rapid social change requires a fundamental re-thinking of formal education and assessment. High-stakes testing must end. Greater
weight must be given to the application of knowledge and skills. The parent-teacher partnership must be re-vitalised.
Assessment of Heavy Metal and Mineral Levels in Hair Samples from Dogs with Mammary Neoplasms
Authors: BADEA Emanuela , GORAN Gheorghe Valentin , ȚOCA Cristina , CRIVINEANU Victor
Published: February 2018

Neoplasms involve abnormal tissue growths developing in an uncoordinated, persistent manner, faster than adjacent normal tissues. Several researchers have studied the possible implications of heavy metals and mineral levels on human mammary neoplasms using hair analysis. The study’s objective was to assess the levels of heavy metals and other mineral elements in dogs suffering from mammary neoplasms. Hair samples were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). All analyzed elements registered higher levels in clinically healthy dogs. The interaction between health status and keeping conditions significantly influenced the levels of Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Ni, Co, Pb, and V. Concurrently, dogs with mammary neoplasms living outdoors registered the highest levels for most minerals, compared to dogs with mammary neoplasms living indoors, suggesting a possible implication of pollution.
Reflective practice and vocational training: theoretical approaches in the field of Health and Nursing
Authors: Netto Luciana , Silva Kênia Lara , Rua Marília dos Santos
Published: February 2018

Abstract Objective: Theoretical reflection that uses Reflexivity as a theoretical reference and its objective is to approach Donald Schön's reflective thinking, interrelating it with the innovative curriculum. Method: The writings of Schön and other authors who addressed the themes in their works were used. Results: The innovative curriculum as an expression of dissatisfaction with the fragmentation paradigm may favor reflective practice, since it is necessary to mobilize reflexivity for actions and contexts that are unpredictable in the field of health promotion. Conclusions: The innovative curriculum favors and is favored by a reflective practice and the development of competencies for the promotion of health. Implications for practice: The findings apply to the practice of nurses to deal with the conditioning and determinants of the health-disease process.
Monitoring the contribution of desert dust intrusion to PM10 concentration in Northern Cyprus
Authors: Sulaiman HY , Çakir S
Published: February 2018

Air quality in the Mediterranean basin has been affected by PM10 pollution induced by transported desert dust and local emission. The study used PM10 data from Nicosia, Kyrenia, Guzelyurt and Famagusta urban representatives, Kalecik rural background and Alevkayasi regional background. HYSPLIT model and satellite data were used to identify dust days and dust input was quantified using the method suggested by the European Commission. Anthropogenic background contribution of each site was then estimated by subtracting the regional background concentrations. A total of 35 dust days occurred on Cyprus island within the 3-years period; mostly during winter and spring. Daily PM10 concentration on dust days can reach up to 400 μg/m3. After removing dust background, annual PM10 concentrations were 48-58 μg/m3 in Nicosia, 42-47 μg/m3 in Famagusta, 40-50 μg/m3 in Kyrenia, 33-41 μg/m3 in Guzelyurt, 21-28 μg/ m3 in Alevkayasi, and 32-38 μg/m3 in Kalecik. PM10 concentrations were higher during winters in the urban sites. Despite the high frequency of dust events, only a fraction of exceedances of the standard limit in the urban sites were attributable to dust. Anthropogenic background sources contributions were 12.3 μg/m3 in Guzelyurt, 18 μg/m3 in Kyrenia, 18.4 μg/m3 in Famagusta, 27.8 μg/m3 in Nicosia and 9.7 μg/m3 in Kalecik. Effects of other natural sources that the study did not assess, such as sea salt and local soil resuspension, could be the reason for exceedances.
untitled protocol v1
Authors: AFCM-EGYPT IGEM
Published: February 2018

Lipofectamine™ 2000 Transfection Protocol Description Lipofectamine™ 2000 is a proprietary formulation for the transfection of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) into eukaryotic cells providing the following advantages: • Highest transfection efficiency in many cell types and formats (e.g. 96-well). Refer to the Cell Lines database at www.invitrogen.com for a list of cell types successfully transfected. • Nucleic acid-Lipofectamine™ 2000 complexes can be added directly to cells in culture medium, in the presence or absence of serum. • It is not necessary to remove complexes or change/add medium after transfection, but complexes may be removed after 4-6 hours.
Transfection HepG2 v2
Authors: AFCM-EGYPT IGEM
Published: February 2018

Lipofectamine™ 2000 Transfection Protocol Description Lipofectamine™ 2000 is a proprietary formulation for the transfection of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) into eukaryotic cells providing the following advantages: • Highest transfection efficiency in many cell types and formats (e.g. 96-well). Refer to the Cell Lines database at www.invitrogen.com for a list of cell types successfully transfected. • Nucleic acid-Lipofectamine™ 2000 complexes can be added directly to cells in culture medium, in the presence or absence of serum. • It is not necessary to remove complexes or change/add medium after transfection, but complexes may be removed after 4-6 hours.
EFL LEARNERS’ AND TEACHERS’ POSITIVE ATTITUDES TOWARDS LOCAL COMMUNITY BASED INSTRUCTION
Authors: Kanoksilapatham Budsaba , Channuan Paweena
Published: February 2018

The new status of the English language as an international language (EIL) in the age of globalisation has contributed to a cultural change of focus in English language teaching (ELT). Instead of paying attention to cultural aspects of native English speakers as in traditional English instruction, cultural diversity now plays a key role in the teaching of culture in order to enhance leaners‟ intercultural awareness. To fill this need, this study aims to document EFL learners‟ and teachers‟ attitudes towards local community instruction in which young Thai students learned English whilst being encouraged to take pride in their local culture. In this study, a set of local community-integrated lessons for elementary English education were constructed and subsequently implemented in Grade 4 classes at schools in the northern region of Thailand. Questionnaires were then administered to the students, and semi-structured interviews were also conducted with the school English teachers to elicit their attitudes towards the integrated lessons. The results indicated that young Thai students, along with their English teachers, have highly positive attitudes towards the local community based instruction. This lead to significant implications related to integrating aspects of local cultural identity into ELT practices.
AN ANALYSIS OF COHESION OF EXPOSITION TEXTS: AN INDONESIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Emilia Emi , Habibi Nurfitri , Bangga Lungguh Ariang
Published: February 2018

The paper reports on the results of a study aiming to investigate the cohesion of exposition texts written by eleventh graders of a school in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative case study research design, especially text analysis, involving 32 students. In the interest of space, the paper will present the data obtained from six texts written by 6 students, representing low, mid, and high achievers. The texts were analyzed using systemic functional linguistics (SFL), especially in terms of schematic structure and linguistic features, especially those contributing to the cohesion of the texts, such as Theme progression and cohesive devices. The results show that all texts show students’ grasp and understanding of the schematic structure of an exposition, including thesis, argument, and restatement of the thesis. All texts also successfully use the zig-zag and the Theme reiteration patterns, which indicate the students’ emerging capacity to create a text with cohesion at the clause level. However, only texts written by high achievers employ the multiple Theme pattern, indicating the students’ emerging capacity to create a text with better sense of connectedness, unity, and flow of information at the global level. High achiever texts also employ discourse features which allow the reader to predict how the text will unfold and guide them to a line of understanding of a text as a whole. Moreover, in terms of cohesive devices, all texts use some simple cohesive devices—reference, lexical cohesion, and conjunction. It should be mentioned that all texts are rudimentary with some inappropriate word choices and grammatical problems. This suggests that the students still needed more guidance and time to do research on the topic in focus, to go through the process of writing as professional do, to allow them to create a better text with more elaboration and characteristics of written language with consistency and accuracy. It is recommended that further research on different perspectives and foci of analysis of different text types using systemic functional linguistics, with more representative samples, and studies on the teaching of writing be conducted.
THEME AND THEMATIC PROGRESSION IN STUDENTS’ RECOUNT TEXTS
Authors: Yunita Sri
Published: February 2018

This study aims to investigate the Theme and Thematic progression patterns in students’ recount text in a state vocational school in Bandung. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative research design. The data were obtained from a collection of students’ texts. This study uses the theory of Theme system developed by Halliday (1994) and the theory of Thematic progression proposed by Eggins (2004) as the framework to analyze the data. The findings showed that the Theme and Thematic progression supports the character of Recount text written by the students to some extents: the Topical Theme represents the students’ ability to deliver what the text is about, the Interpersonal Theme helps students declare their personal comments, while the Textual Theme showed the students’ ability to develop the logical relationship between clauses and make their texts more cohesive and coherent. In terms of thematic progression patterns, the Theme Reiteration pattern signposts that the students tend to make the text focus by repeating the same element as Themes; the Zig Zag pattern showed that the students introduce newly information by promoting the Rheme in a clause to the Theme in the subsequent clause, and the Multiple Theme pattern specifies that the students develop the texts well according to the prior plan before writing those ideas in the text.
A SURVEY ON CRITICAL LITERACY AS A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO TEACHING ENGLISH IN INDONESIA
Authors: Gustine Gin Gin
Published: February 2018

In English-as-a-Foreign-Language (EFL) context, Foreign-Language (EFL) context,critical literacy as an alternative approach to teaching language and literature may be considered as something new, compared to its origin in some English-speaking countries such as Australia or the USA. Teachers wishing to adopt critical literacy stance in their class are often left with little knowledge or experience on what critical literacy is and how to develop this approach in their class. This article discusses the result of a survey involving twenty one English teachers in a teacher education university in Bandung, West Java province, Indonesia, related to their knowledge on critical literacy as an approach to teaching English language. Result of questionnaires followed up by a focus group discussion reveals that although these teachers have been teaching English for approximately five to seven years in different levels of schools, some teachers show lack of knowledge on critical literacy as a methodological approach to teaching English. Finally, this article concludes with suggestions for English teachers to develop a critical literacy-oriented classroom.
THE PREFERRED MODEL OF ENGLISH FOR PERSONAL, NATIONAL, AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN ELF CONTEXT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN FILIPINOS AND INDIANS
Authors: Lasekan Olusiji
Published: February 2018

An experimental investigation was conducted to compare preferred models of English for personal, national, and global communication in ELF context between Filipinos and Indians. Drawing upon the data gathered through questionnaire and accent recognition survey from over 200 undergraduate students in these two nations, it was revealed that both nationals prefer British English for personal communication. But for national communication, Indians prefer their own standardized variety of English, i.e. Indian English, while the majority of Filipinos chose American English. British English and American English are considered to be the most ideal English varieties to express global identity by Indians and Filipinos, respectively. Finally, the degree of familiarity with the native English varieties which was higher among Filipinos than Indians is inversely proportional to level of awareness of their standard local English variety. Implications of the results and future research directions were also presented.
THE ESL TEACHERS’ WILLINGNESS TO COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH
Authors: Lo Yueh Yea
Published: February 2018

Willingness to communicate (WTC) as introduced by McCroskey and Bear (1985) has developed and been perceived by many as a critical field. Unfortunately, there is a noticeable gap in research on the willingness to communicate (WTC) in English among ESL teachers in the Malaysian context. This study aims to investigate the ESL teachers’ willingness to communicate in English in terms of gender and school locations. The four constructs of communication in WTC are group discussions, interpersonal, public, and talking in meetings. Through both criterion and convenience sampling, 250 ESL teachers from twenty-five schools were chosen for this research. Survey questionnaire with a total of 20 items adopted from McCroskey (1992) was used as the data collection instrument. Findings reveal that ESL teachers' willingness to communicate in English is generally high and that the teachers were more willing to converse and exchange ideas orally in English during the meeting rather than in group or public. Female participants were significantly different in their overall willingness to communicate as they were more willing to communicate in groups and public. The within-group comparison also shows that school locations (urban and rural) affect ESL teachers' willingness to communicate in English. The findings also suggest that schools should encourage more ESL teachers to participate in activities such as debates, drama, public speaking, English language clubs/society, and empower them by providing professional development workshops or training.
THE REPRESENTATION OF A BLASPHEMY PROTEST IN JAKARTA IN LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL PRESS
Authors: Al Fajri Muchamad Sholakhuddin
Published: February 2018

The way political protests and civil (dis)order are reported in news discourse has been of interest to critical linguists (e.g. Hart, 2014; Brindle, 2016). Representations of an event in the media are typically influenced by political stances of news institutions and therefore representations of the same protest can be different in different news media, depending on the ideological framework in which they operate. This present study differs from the previous research in the sense that its data are taken from several news media in the country where the protest occurs or local newspapers, and from international or foreign newspapers which seem to have less political motives. It aims to investigate the representation of a blasphemy protest in Jakarta in both local and international press by using transitivity and van Leewuen’s social actor representation (SAR) model. The data were taken from five Indonesian news texts and five International news articles. The findings suggest that the International newspapers have a tendency to delegitimate the protest by portraying it as discrimination towards minorities and a benefit for terrorist groups. Additionally, they construct the protesters as extremists and a source of clashes and violence. On the other hand, although the Indonesian news media also appear to delegitimate the protest and the protesters, the constructions are not as radical as the foreign media.
River Activism, “Levees-Only” and the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927
Authors: Randolph Ned
Published: February 2018

This article investigates media coverage of 19th and early 20th century river activism and its effect on federal policy to control the Mississippi River. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ “levees-only” policy—which joined disparate navigation and flood control interests—is largely blamed for the Great Flood of 1927, called the largest peacetime disaster in American history. River activists organized annual conventions, and later, professional lobbies organized media campaigns up and down the Mississippi River to sway public opinion and pressure Congress to fund flood control and river navigation projects. Annual river conventions drew thousands of delegates such as plantation owners, shippers, bankers, chambers of commerce, governors, congressmen, mayors and cabinet members with interests on the Mississippi River. Public pressure on Congress successfully captured millions of federal dollars to protect property, drain swamps for development, subsidize local levee districts and influence river policy.
The Media Protest of Neighbouring Associations, Promoter of Citizen Democratic Culture during Transition in Southern Spain
Authors: Méndez-Muros Sandra
Published: February 2018

In the current context of placing value on the neighbouring movement within the Spanish democratic Transition, we set out to confirm that the press actively participates in the growing conjunction of neighbouring issues with political content and contributes to the idea that this movement becomes a parameter of the democratic culture for the citizen during Transition. Since the conflict is newsworthy, we conduct a micro-social study of the neighbouring protest in the newspaper El Correo de Andalucía, published in the southern Spanish city of Seville. Through analysis of content, we study the informative flow and the repertoire of protest following a typology that distinguishes four formats (demonstrations, strikes, speeches and associations) divided into two levels of conflict. The analysis sample consists of 33 texts published between November 1975 (Franco’s death and the accession to the throne of Juan Carlos I) and June 1977 (the first democratic general elections). The main conclusion reveals that the newspaper becomes a platform that gives visibility to the neighbouring movement, normalising behaviours and procedure rules through the protest.
Methodological Perspectives on British Commercial Telegraphy and the Colonial Struggle over Democratic Connections in Gibraltar, 1914–1941
Authors: Peake Bryce
Published: February 2018

This article examines the privatization of telegraphy in the British Empire from the perspective of Gibraltar, an overseas territory in the Mediterranean. While the history of international telegraphy is typically written from a world-systems perspective, this article presents a key methodological critique of the use of collections spread across many institutions and colonies: archival satellites are not simply reducible to parts of a scattered whole, as archival collections are themselves curations of socially-positioned understandings of Empire. This is especially true of the “girdle round the world” that was British telegraphy. At a meta-historical level, individual archival collections of the global British telegraphy system can be read as histories of colonial administrators’ geographically- and socially- situated perspectives on Empire—namely through what archives have, and have not, preserved. I demonstrate how the documents about telegraphy collected and maintained in the Gibraltar National Archives reflect pre- and post-World War I English, anti-Liberal colonial administrators’ and military officials’ fear that privatization was an opening salvo against the democratic web that held the last vestiges of Empire together.
Background Concentrations of Arsenic in Ohio Soils: Sources and Influencing Factors
Authors: Wanner Nate
Published: February 2018

Arsenic concentrations—representative of natural background conditions in Ohio soils—were compiled from the USGS National Geochemical Survey database, Ohio EPA studies, and private environmental site investigations. The resulting dataset of 2,783 samples collected from 1,116 locations was then correlated with soil data from USDA-NRCS SSURGO, glacial and bedrock geology, and analyses of other metals at these specific locations to identify factors most likely to affect arsenic concentrations in soil. Bedrock geology, particularly Devonian-aged materials and black shales, was found to significantly correlate to arsenic concentrations in soil. However, this correlation is complicated by both glaciation and post-glaciation erosion. Approximately 70% of Ohio’s bedrock is covered in glacial materials, such as till and outwash. As glaciers advanced across Ohio, bedrock materials were eroded and deposited farther south. Arsenic concentrations in Ohio soils tend to be highest where Devonian bedrock materials were deposited by glaciation. Following glacial deposition of materials, arsenic can be eroded or leached from the deposits. Deposits of wind-blown loess and materials deposited by water (as opposed to ice) had lower arsenic concentrations than glacial tills and outwash plains that underwent minimal erosion following glacial deposition.
Comparison between vertical acceleration data from acquired signals and multibody model for an off-road vehicle
Authors: Padilha Fontoura Cristian , Alves dos Passos Alan , Bareta Deives Roberto , Zanol Elton João
Published: February 2018

SAE Mini Baja competitions require efforts in developing a reliable vehicle project that enables their teams to manage time and resources wisely. Vehicle simulations are one the best ways to deal with these conditions and prevent failure during a test. This work outlines the methodology that was carried out for validating the multibody dynamics model of a Mini Baja vehicle through vertical acceleration data acquisition. The data was acquired with the vehicle in different sets of obstacles, based on those seen in previously held competitions. Simulation was done through ADAMS/Car, with the vehicle’s multibody model being simulated in different three-dimensional roads, counterpart to those where data acquisition took place. Simulation data, when compared to acquired acceleration signals for most of the obstacles, exhibited equivalence. Additional data computation revealed that the spectra in the frequency domain presented most severe loads concentrated between 0 and 20 Hz, incoming mostly from road unevenness. Gathering such data, by the presented approach can assist future analyses and guide the Baja Team in defining an improved project by predicting its dynamic behavior.  http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v6iss1p29
Caracterización genética de los primeros pobladores de los Andes nororientales en Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Gutiérrez Alberto
Published: February 2018

A partir del hallazgo y el estudio de objetos minerales transformados por las comunidades que habitaron la cordillera Nororiental de los Andes en tiempos precolombinos, sus restos humanos pueden analizarse hoy con las herramientas de la genética molecular aplicadas al ADN extraído de huesos y dientes de cada individuo. El presente texto presenta una síntesis de los trabajos publicados en los últimos diez años por el Instituto de Genética Humana de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, con base en el análisis del ADN de indígenas contemporáneos y precolombinos, en un rango de tiempo que sobrepasa los 6.000 años. Estos estudios han aportado precisiones sobre las dinámicas de circulación de los pobladores de la esquina noroccidental de Suramérica en el espacio y en el tiempo. Los nuevos hallazgos genéticos, conjugados con los conceptos aportados por la antropología y la arqueología sobre estas mismas comunidades, permitirán precisar factores determinantes como la diversidad y la filiación biológica de los diferentes grupos humanos que se han establecido en el territorio colombiano. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
La respuesta inmunitaria adaptativa en la infección crónica por Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Gonzalez John M. , Cuéllar Adriana , J. Puerta Concepción
Published: February 2018

La infección por Trypanosoma cruzi causa la enfermedad de Chagas, la cual presenta una fase aguda en la que la activación del sistema inmunitario ayuda a controlar el parásito. No obstante, el parásito puede persistir en bajos niveles y producir una fase crónica en la cual el 70 % de los individuos infectados permanece asintomático, en tanto que los demás presentan compromiso tisular, principalmente en el corazón, y pueden desarrollar una miocardiopatía inflamatoria crónica. Durante el proceso de infección la respuesta inmunitaria tiene un papel importante en la protección, pero también se ha asociado con la patogenia, especialmente en la fase crónica. Los estudios del grupo de investigación sobre la enfermedad de Chagas conformado por investigadores de la Universidad de los Andes y la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en Colombia, se han centrado en analizar la respuesta inmunitaria adaptativa inducida frente a T. cruzi. En este artículo, se resumen y analizan los resultados de la evaluación de la respuesta inmunitaria humoral contra la proteína KMP-11 del parásito, así como de la respuesta inmunitaria celular en sangre periférica de pacientes con cardiopatía chagásica crónica. La funcionalidad de los anticuerpos específicos y el porcentaje de linfocitos T específicos de antígeno en sangre periférica y sus marcadores de funcionalidad se evaluaron usando un péptido de nueve aminoácidos de la proteína KMP-11 denominado TcTLE. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
¿Requiere la interferencia de la superposición de ondas como principio físico?
Authors: Castañeda Román
Published: February 2018

La superposición de ondas es una de las ideas fundamentales más preciadas de la física. Durante cerca de dos siglos ha constituido el principio físico de la interferencia y la difracción de las ondas y, a lo largo de los últimos cien años se ha empleado como instrumento predictivo del comportamiento de sistemas cuánticos. Sin embargo, dicha superposición no puede explicar la interferencia de las ondas y de las partículas de manera generalizada debido, principalmente, a la diferente interpretación de la función de onda en cada contexto. Dado que los fenómenos del mismo tipo deben obedecer al mismo principio, o ser consecuencia de las mismas causas, esta limitación de la superposición de ondas es, por lo tanto, un problema actual en los fundamentos de la física. Como solución se propone un nuevo principio físico, el cual proporciona la misma explicación para la interferencia de las ondas y de las partículas sin detrimento de la precisión predictiva. Su validez se apoya en el análisis de resultados experimentales reportados por otros autores. Este principio es completamente novedoso y conduce a una formulación no estandarizada de la interferencia, que deberá abrir nuevos campos de discusión sobre este tema fundamental de la física. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Protocolo unificado de digestión y descalcificación de tres métodos de extracción de ADN de restos humanos
Authors: Sierra Wilson Uriel , Del Castillo-Sabogal Hernando , Espitia-Ortiz Tatiana
Published: February 2018

La identificación de restos humanos esqueletizados con base en el ADN es un procedimiento muy utilizado en los laboratorios forenses del mundo. Existen al menos tres métodos para la obtención del ADN a partir de este tipo de tejido: mediante solventes orgánicos (fenol-cloroformo), columnas de sílice (QIAquick de QIAgen) y perlas magnéticas recubiertas de polímero (PrepFiler Express™ BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit). Cada uno de ellos involucra un procedimiento distinto para la digestión y descalcificación del tejido óseo, así como la aplicación de diferentes principios fisicoquímicos para la purificación y la elución del ADN y el uso de diferentes cantidades iniciales de material pulverizado. Aunque los tres métodos han demostrado ser efectivos dependiendo de la calidad de la muestra, en el Laboratorio de Investigación Genética de Restos Humanos del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses se estandarizó un protocolo unificado para la digestión y descalcificación, independientemente del método de purificación. Con este fin, se evaluaron variables como la cantidad de material pulverizado, el uso y la concentración de detergentes, la concentración de proteinasa K, el uso de dispositivos concentradores y de los reactivos del estuche PrepFiler Express™ BTA Forensic DNA Extraction y EDTA. El efecto de las variables se evaluó en muestras de tejido calcificado provenientes de los casos forenses del Laboratorio y en el ADN de líneas celulares conocidas analizando la cantidad de ADN recuperado y la calidad del perfil genético. El protocolo unificado de digestión y decalcificación permite una digestión completa del material pulverizado y, por ende, una mejor recuperación de ADN, independientemente del método de purificación usado. En las muestras analizadas el método tuvo un porcentaje de éxito cercano a 80 %. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
A perspectiva da pensativa traça de livro quanto à pesquisa literária e linguística
Authors: Gupta Suman , De Brito Traduzido por Matheus Barbosa Morais
Published: February 2018

Trata-se da tradução da conferência de abertura do XXXI Encontro Nacional da ANPOLL, pronunciada pelo Professor Doutor Suman Gupta (Open University) em 29 de julho de 2016 no Centro de Conferências da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Gupta discute a herança filológica como horizonte das práticas acadêmicas correntes nos estudos literários, suas transformações e possibilidades de renovação.
Harriet Ann Jacobs: feminismo e literatura
Authors: Harden Alessandra Ramos de Oliveira , Da Silva Luciene Do Rêgo
Published: February 2018

Este artigo concentra-se na apresentação de Incidents in the Life of Slave Girl (1861), de Harriet Ann Jacobs, com base na noção de autobiografia proposta por Philippe Lejeune (2008). Propõe-se um entrecruzamento desse gênero com as teorias feministas, com ênfase no feminismo negro, devido à relevância da obra para a Literatura negra e feminista, bem como para o Movimento Feminista e os Movimentos Negros do Brasil. Tendo em vista que se trata de escrita autobiográfica, com o relato de uma mulher em situação de escravidão nos Estados Unidos do século XIX, defende-se que a leitura de Incidents nos ajuda a compreender a importância da voz da mulher negra escravizada no Brasil, diante da escassez de registros acerca de obras literárias escritas por pessoas nessa situação.
O manto de Arthur Bispo
Authors: Lucchesi Marco
Published: February 2018

Este texto é o discurso de posse na presidência da Academia Brasileira de Letras, proferido em 14 de dezembro de 2017, no qual o passado e o presente são revisitados, na voz de autores e textos, e o futuro se projeta em desejos e sonhos. O sonho do Brasil como um livro em construção. Um livro de muitos autores, com muitos ângulos, espelhado, onde cada qual se reconheça em suas páginas, como fizeram Lima Barreto e Machado de Assis. Como se fora o manto de apresentação de Arthur Bispo do Rosário. Uma cartografia total. A memória de tudo, em todos.
Мутации в генах человека, повышающие риск тяжелого течения гриппозной инфекции
Authors: Киселев О. И. , Комиссаров А. Б. , Коншина О. С. , Дмитриева М. Н. , Деева Э. Г. , Сологуб Т. В. , Покровский В. И.
Published: February 2018

Система генетического контроля реакции врожденного иммунитета на гриппозную инфекцию и функции генов позволяет вести разработку системного лечения гриппа с ориентацией на фенотипические проявления мутаций с учетом наследственной предрасположенности индивида к тяжелому течению заболевания и/или развитию осложнений.
Changes in the antigenic and genetic structure of influenza viruses: analysis of surveillance data of influenza A and B in Russia in 2006-2013
Authors: Grudinin Mikhail P. , Pisareva Maria M. , Komissarov Andrey B. , Kosheleva Anna A. , Buzitskaya Janna V. , Stukova Marina A. , Prokopetz Alexandra V. , Danilenko Daria M. , Konovalova Nadezhda I. , Lobova Tamara G. , Sominina Anna A. , Kiselev Oleg I.
Published: February 2018

The goal of this research project was to study the natural variability of human influenza A and B viruses based on the analysis of the population structure of influenza viruses, circulating in Russia in 2006-2013, in order to determine the direction of their genetic and antigenic drift by comparison to the WHO reference strains. Our results proved that during that period significant changes occurred in the genetic structure of influenza viruses, their phylogenetic affiliation, as well as their sensitivity to antiviral drugs. According to the surveillance data, the percentage of influenza A(H1N1) viruses among patients with influenza-like illness or acute respiratory infection gradually decreased from 42% of the total number of influenza viruses in 2006-2007 to 19% in 2008-2009. Influenza A(H1N1) viruses are characterized by «silent» variability that manifests in the gradual accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the minor undetectable group of viruses.

The share of influenza A(H3N2) viruses varied from 10% in the 1st post pandemic year to approx. 60% in 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 epidemic seasons. All of the influenza A strains isolated during the last years of the period, covered in this study, were found to be susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors and resistant to adamantane antivirals.

Influenza B viruses of both Yamagata and Victoria lineages circulated in Russia in the period from 2006 to 2013. The vast majority of these influenza B viruses belonged to the Victoria lineage. Phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of influenza B viruses have demonstrated a gradual drift of Russian isolates from the reference strains. No changes leading to resistance to oseltamivir or zanamivir were found in influenza B strains isolated until 2013.
Использование микрокультурального иммуноферментного анализа для субтиповой идентификации циркулирующих вирусов гриппа А(Н1) и А(Н3)
Authors: Кривицкая В.З. , Сорокин Е.В. , Царева Т.Р. , Петрова Е.Р. , Коновалова Н.И. , Писарева М.М. , Бузицкая Ж.В. , Смирнова Т.Д. , Соминина А.А.
Published: February 2018

Разработан чувствительный вариант микрокультурального ИФА (cell-ELISA) для субтиповой дифференциации современных вирусов гриппа А(Н1N1)pdm09 и А(Н3N2), циркулирующих в человеческой популяции. Метод основан на оценке репродукции вируса в инфицированной культуре клеток MDCK c использованием на стадии детекции cубтип-специфичных моноклональных антител (mAb), взаимодействующих с гемагглютинином (HA) вируса гриппа. При отработке метода использованы штаммы вирусов гриппа A, выделенные из клинических образцов в эпидемический сезон 2014 года.

Показано, что при использовании mAb #1/#2 или #4 в концентрации 10–15 мкг/мл разработанный вариант cell-ELISA позволяет детектировать синтезируемый в зараженных клетках белок HA соответственно вирусов гриппа А(H3N2) или A(H1N1)pdm09.

Разработанный метод может быть использован для идентификации современных штаммов вируса гриппа А в процессе их репродукции в клеточной культуре MDCK, что позволяет проводить субтипирование вирусов с низкой гемагглютинирующей активностью, когда невозможно использовать общепринятый метод – реакцию торможения гемагглютинации (РТГА).
Two years of experience in hospital surveillance for the severe influenza like illnesses in St. Petersburg: etiology, clinical characterization of diseases, antigenic and genetic properties of isolated influenza viruses
Authors: Sominina Anna A. , Pisareva Maria M. , Grudinin Mikhail P. , Eropkin Mikhail Yu. , Konovalova Nadezhda I. , Sukhovetskaya Vera F. , Afanasieva Olga I. , Voloshuk Lubov V. , Komissarov Andrey B. , Buzitskaya Zhanna V. , Fadeev Artem V. , Stolyarov Kirill A. , Smorodintseva Elizaveta A. , Afanasieva Veronika S. , Yanina Marina A. , Gonchar Vitalii V. , Osidak Ludmila V. , Go Alexey A.
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we analyze the etiology of the diseases occurring during two consecutive influenza epidemic seasons in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation. The analysis is based on the results of the PCR diagnostics of the clinical samples collected from patients hospitalized in three St. Petersburg hospitals with influenza like illnesses (ILI). It was shown that the influenza virus A(H1N1)pdm09 was the dominant causative agent during the 2012-2013 epidemic season while, in the 2013-2014 season, A(H3N2) virus was predominant among adults and children. The influenza B virus activity was high in the 2012-2013 season and low in the 2013-2014 season. During both seasons, the main causative agent for the hospitalization of young children was respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), followed by rhinovirus and influenza virus. The rate of involvement of parainfluenza, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and coronavirus was low and was negligible for bocavirus. Children 0-2 and 3-6 years old formed the group of patients that was affected by acute respiratory infection agents the most. Children younger than 3 months old were the major group of the intensive care unit (ICUs) patients and only 27.5% of them were adults. RSV and rhinovirus were the leading cause of ILI among the children admitted to ICU. Among the adult patients admitted to the ICU, only influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B viruses were detected during both influenza seasons.

According to the results of the antigenic and genetic analysis, most influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in St. Petersburg matched the vaccine strains recommended by the WHO for vaccine composition in the 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 seasons.