bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El virus de la leucosis bovina disminuye la producción y calidad de leche en ganado Holstein
Authors: Úsuga-Monroy C. , Zuluaga J.J. , López-Herrera A.
Published: March 2019

El virus de la leucosis bovina (BLV) pertenece a la familia de los retrovirus y se caracteriza por ser inmunosupresor. Su infección es sistémica y se presenta con mayor frecuencia en ganado lechero. Se obtuvo información productiva a partir de 1021 registros que corresponde a 500 vacas de raza Holstein. Los animales se encontraban distribuidos en 7 municipios del departamento de Antioquia dedicados a la producción de leche. Se analizaron cuatro características productivas: producción de leche (PDN), kilogramos de proteína por lactancia (KGPRO), kilogramos de grasa por lactancia (KGGRA) y puntaje de células somáticas (SCS); estas características fueron asociadas con la infección por el BLV a través de un modelo lineal generalizado. Los resultados indican que, la relación entre la presencia o ausencia del BLV fue significativa (P
Efeito do Sistema de produção (orgânico vs convencional) e da suplementação com forragem na dieta sobre a performance de crescimento e acabamento de suínos Krškopolje
Authors: Batorek Lukač N. , Tomažin U. , Prevolnik Povše M. , Škrlep M. , Čandek-Potokar M.
Published: March 2019

A performance de suínos Krškopolje produzidos no sistema convencional e orgânico foi estudada no âmbito do projeto TREASURE. Foram utilizados trinta e seis porcos castrados (com peso inicial aproximado de 70kg) distribuídos por 3 grupos de tratamento (TG): orgânico (ECO), convencional (CON) e convencional com suplementação com luzerna (CON+L). Os porcos CON (n=12) e CON+L (n=12) foram alojados em pavilhão fechado enquanto que os porcos ECO (n=12) foram alojados num parque com acesso a uma zona exterior. Foram preparadas duas dietas à base de cevada: orgânica para ECO (12.4 MJ EM, 12.9% PB, 0.7% Lisina) e convencional (13.2 MJ EM, 13.6% PB, 1.2 % Lisina) para os grupos CON e COM+L e distribuídas em quantidades iguais (cerca de 3,4kg por porco) para os grupos CON e ECO enquanto os animais do grupo COM+L receberam 10% menos de alimento. Os grupos ECO e CON+L foram suplementados com feno de luzerna e luzerna em pellets, respetivamente. Após 73 dias em ensaio os porcos do grupo CON+L apresentaram um ganho médio diário inferior (11%, P=0,148) aos porcos COM enquanto que os porcos do grupo ECO apresentaram um ganho médio diário 13% (P=0,097) superior aos porcos do grupo CON. Os porcos do grupo ECO apresentaram uma menor variação de peso corporal no final do ensaio. O ganho de espessura da gordura subcutânea dorsal foi de 0,28 vs 0,32 e 0,36mm/dia para os grupos CON+L, CON e ECO, respetivamente (P=0,083). O índice de conversão foi equivalente nos grupos CON e CON+L (4,90 vs 4,91 kg alimento/kg ganho).
Adaptación de la inmunocastración a la montanera del macho de cerdo Ibérico: efectos en órganos reproductivos y características de canal.
Authors: Hernández-García F.I. , Izquierdo M. , Del Rosario A.I. , Montero A. , Pérez M.A. , García-Gudiño J. , Garrido N.
Published: March 2019

El fin voluntario de la castración de machos porcinos se prevé próximamente en la UE. Pero los protocolos habituales de inmunocastración (IC) necesitan ser modificados para los machos Ibéricos (IB) debido a su largo ciclo vital. Nuestro grupo desarrolló un protocolo de 3 dosis que pretendemos ajustar a la cronología de la montanera, basándonos en la hipótesis de que la uniformidad de la condición corporal al inicio de la montanera intensificará y homogeneizará la atrofia testicular. Machos IB puros (n=35) fueron alimentados de forma restringida durante la pre-montanera como es habitual. De ellos, los machos Control (C; n=18) fueron inmunizados contra la GnRH a los 10,5, 12 y 13,5 meses (m) de edad, y los Tratados (T; n=17) a los 10,5, 11,5 y 13 m, alimentándose estos últimos ad libitum (AL) durante 15 días desde la 3ª dosis. Ambos grupos comenzaron la montanera a los 13,5 m, coincidiendo con la 3ª dosis de C y el fin del periodo AL de T, sacrificándose ambos a los 16 m. Para corroborar el efecto del nivel nutricional, otro grupo fue alimentado ad libitum durante el pre-cebo y cebo en sistema extensivo regular (Adlib; n=15 machos IB x Duroc), inmunizándose a los 8, 9 y 11 m y sacrificándose a los 13 m (más temprano, debido al genotipo y alimentación). Los testículos y epidídimos fueron significativamente menores en los machos Adlib y T que en los C. Similarmente, las glándulas bulbouretrales fueron significativamente menores en los machos T que en los C. El color “a” (de verde a rojo) del parénquima testicular estuvo altamente correlacionado (r=0,87) con el peso testicular. La grasa dorsal resultó negativa a androstenona y escatol en todos los animales. Los rendimientos de paletas, lomos y piezas de primera fueron significativamente mayores en los machos Adlib que en los C y T. En conclusión, el nivel nutricional puede ser utilizado para mejorar la eficacia de la IC de machos, y la colorimetría testicular puede ser útil para evaluar dicha eficacia.
Evaluación de la calidad de las paletas curados de diferentes líneas genéticas de cerdos Ibéricos
Authors: Asensio M. , Silva A. , Armenteros M. , Caballero D. , Martín N. , Lorido L. , Sánchez-Montero L. , Fernandez C. , Noguera J.L. , Ramos M.
Published: March 2019

En este trabajo se estudió la calidad comparativa de las paletas curados de diferentes líneas genéticas: Retinto x Entrepelado RxT (n = 6), TxT Torbiscal (n = 6), Entrepelado ExE (n = 10), Retinto RxR (n = 6) Y Entrepelado x Torbiscal TxE/ExT (n = 8). Las paletas curadas se evaluaron con el método EVACAL, un método original del SiPA. Este método incluye análisis físico-químicos (humedad, grasa intramuscular, proteínas, NaCl, mioglobina, perfil de ácidos grasos, compuestos volátiles y oxidación de lípidos), análisis instrumental (color instrumental, pH y textura) y análisis sensorial. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron que el lote RxR muestra una relación más alta en oleico / estérico y MUFA/SAT, que se relaciona con una alta calidad. Esto se confirmó en el análisis sensorial con altas puntuaciones de fluidez grasa y brillo del magro. El lote TxE/ExT se caracteriza por presentar unos valores elevados de mioglobina que producen grandes cantidades de compuestos volátiles a partir de aminoácidos (2-metilbutanal y 3-metilbutanal). Esto hecho se mostró en los resultados del análisis sensorial con una mayor persistencia de sabor y mayor jugosidad en comparación con los otros lotes. Por otra parte, el lote RxE revela una gran cantidad de grasa intramuscular y mayores puntuaciones en atributos sensoriales en cuanto a la apariencia (fluidez grasa), textura (jugosidad) e intensidad de olor en comparación con los otros lotes. Podemos concluir que existen tres líneas genéticas que pueden producir productos de alta calidad. La conveniencia de utilizar uno de estos depende de otros aspectos como la prolificidad.
Efecto de los cultivos autóctonos en la producción de Paio, un embutido curado tradicional portugués
Authors: Dias I. , Laranjo M. , Fialho R. , Potes M.E. , Véstia J. , Agulheiro-Santos A.C. , Fraqueza M.J. , Elias M.
Published: March 2019

En los países mediterráneos, como Portugal, los embutidos curados tradicionales son muy apreciados. A menudo se siguen fabricando en pequeñas unidades de procesamiento, de acuerdo con los procedimientos tradicionales. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar el efecto de diferentes cultivos iniciadores y su concentración óptima, para reducir la carga microbiana y las aminas biogénicas en productos finales, con el objetivo de mejorar la seguridad de los embutidos sin deteriorar la aceptación sensorial. pH, aw, perfil microbiológico, aminas biogénicas, análisis del perfil de color y textura fueron evaluados. Las cepas y las concentraciones a utilizar, se seleccionaron en base a resultados previos: Staphylococcus xylosus, Lactobacillus sakei y una cepa de levadura a una concentración de 106 ufc / g de masa de carne cada una, se añadió 0,25% de dextrosa. Siempre se utilizó un lote control sin cultivos iniciadores. Los valores de aw fueron menores en los embutidos inoculados. En general, los valores de pH fueron ligeramente superiores en los embutidos inoculados. El tratamiento con L. sakei solo fue el más efectivo en la reducción del nivel de contaminación con L. monocytogenes, sin embargo este efecto parece perderse en cultivos mixtas. La inoculación, disminuyó generalmente el contenido de putrescina, de cadaverina y de tiramina. La inoculación de levadura parece contribuir al color más oscuro de los Paios. Con respecto a la textura, el Paio control demostró valores más altos de la dureza.
Archivos de Zootecnia. Informe Editorial 2018
Authors: Navas González F.J. , Nogales Baena S. , Delgado Bermejo J.V.
Published: March 2019

Archivos de Zootecnia alcanzó su número 260 en 2018. En el presente Informe Editorial se recogen los hechos y cifras derivadas del proceso editorial durante el pasado ciclo editorial anual. Archivos de Zootecnia querría mostrar su más sincera gratitud hacia los Editores Sectoriales involucrados en el proceso editorial y los Revisores sin cuya labor nuestro trabajo no sería de otro modo posible. Se recibieron un total de 349 manuscritos. Aunque Brasil fue aún el país que contribuyó con el mayor número de manuscritos, los envíos ligeramente descendieron (29,50%) en favor de un aumento de los envíos por parte de autores de otros países. Por tanto, el idioma más frecuentemente utilizado fue el portugués, seguido del español y el inglés. 135 trabajos fueron publicados en 2018: 64 artículos, 9 notas cortas y 5 revisiones. Los trabajos publicados procedían de 19 países. Los dos temas principales objeto de publicación fueron “Alimentación y Alimentos” (30.94%) y “Razas y Genética” (10.07%); mientras que la principal especie sobre la que se publicó fue la especie porcina (47.93%) seguida por la especie ovina (14.88%). Los tiempos editoriales entre la recepción y publicación de los trabajos se han mantenido con respecto a los últimos años de acuerdo a los resultados mostrados en informes editoriales previos.
Diversidade genética em caprino Marota e manejo genético para rebanhos de conservação
Authors: Oliveira Moura J. , Guimarães Campelo J.E. , Bajay M.M. , Lindenberg Rocha Sarmento J. , Barros Britto F. , Leal T.M. , Silva Costa M. , Helcias Cavalcante D. , Figueiredo Carvalho M.D. , Mello Araújo A.
Published: March 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a diversidade genética em rebanhos de caprinos Marota e verificar o impacto do uso de marcadores moleculares no manejo genético em rebanho de conservação. Utilizando-se Chip SNP caprino 50K genotipou-se 76 animais do rebanho de conservação institucional e 10 animais de um rebanho particular. Avaliou-se a dispersão dos animais por Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA) e em dendograma. Simulou-se acasalamentos entre animais que apresentaram maior distância no dendograma e menor coeficiente de consanguinidade (FIS) (Manejo I) para verificar a eficiência desse manejo, em relação à ocorrência de acasalamentos ao acaso (Manejo II). Valores altos de heterozigosidade observada (Ho) e esperada (He) nos animais adultos (Ho=0,372±0,005 e He=0,405±0,007) e nas crias (Ho=0,359±0,012 e He=0,374 ±0,028) e média do FIS igual a 6,4% indicam baixo risco de perda de genes no rebanho institucional. O rebanho particular também apresentou variabilidade genética (Ho=0,374 e He=0,498), porém com maior risco em relação à endogamia (FIS= 22,7%). A PCA indicou semelhança genética entre os rebanhos. A simulação de 10 pares de acasalamentos de cada reprodutor indicou que a média do coeficiente de consanguinidade dos casais formados de acordo com o Manejo I, foi estatisticamente inferior à média dos pares acasalantes formados de acordo com o Manejo II. Concluiu-se que existe variabilidade genética nos rebanhos analisados, porém com indício de consanguinidade; e que em rebanhos pequenos nos quais a reposição é feita com animais do próprio rebanho, a definição de acasalamentos com base em critérios genéticos, é opção para controle de consanguinidade.
MONETARY POLICY AND FINANCIAL CONDITIONS IN INDONESIA
Authors: Njindan Iyke Bernard , Juhro Solikin M.
Published: March 2019

We develop a financial condition index (FCI) and examine the effects of monetarypolicy on financial conditions in Indonesia. We show that our FCI tracks financialconditions quite well because it captures key financial events (the Asian financialcrisis of 1997–1998, the Indonesian banking crisis, and the global financial crisis andits aftermath). A unique feature of our FCI is that it is quarterly and thus offers nearreal-time development in financial conditions. We also show that monetary policyshapes the FCI. A contractionary monetary policy leads to unfavourable financialconditions during the first two quarters, followed by favourable financial conditionsfor nearly three quarters. This finding is robust to an alternative identification strategy.Our findings highlight the critical role of the monetary authority in shaping financialconditions in Indonesia.
IMPACT OF CREDIT RATINGS ON STOCK RETURNS
Authors: Reddy Krishna , Bosman Rudi , Mirza Nawazish
Published: March 2019

This study investigates whether a change in credit ratings lead to a change in dailyexcess stock returns. The sample includes daily stock price data for US firms listedon the Standard & Poor’s 500 from January 2006 to December 2015. Firms’ excessstock returns are compared with the market in a 14-day window around credit ratingdowngrades and upgrades. Our results are asymmetric, that is, there is a significantreaction to credit ratings downgrades but not to upgrades. In addition, we report weakevidence of upgrades in credit ratings since the 2008 global credit crisis leading tosignificant changes in security prices.
The "Northern Caddoan Area" was not Caddoan
Authors: Schambach Frank F.
Published: March 2019

In this paper I will challenge one of the major unexamined assumptions in the archeology of Eastern North America, the assumption that the Arkansas River Valley and Ozark Highland regions of eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas, the so-called northern Caddoan Area, was the home of Caddo people who were closely related culturally and linguistically to the Caddo people of southwest Arkansas, northwest Louisiana, east Texas, and southeast Oklahoma. I will propose, instead, that the archeology of this locality is much more complex and interesting than the conventional wisdom would have it. What is involved here, I suggest, is not one region but parts of three, with three culturally and biologically distinct populations. Furthermore, I will propose that Spiro, the key site in this locality, is actually two sites, one Caddoan, the other Mississippian.
Prehistoric Lithic Procurement Sites: A Vanishing Resource
Authors: Dickson Don R.
Published: March 2019

Unfortunately, many archeologists are unaware of the rapidity with which these lithic procurement sites are being destroyed. Since many of them are located in areas not usually associated with prehistoric sites, such as on elevated ridges or in mountain settings often far from water, they are not monitored regularly by archeologists and often eliminated or damaged without scientific notice of such damage. For example, when I visited the Peoria Quarry in 1992 to obtain samples of the raw material, I discovered that over 90 percent of the site had been destroyed by leveling the ground for several houses. Later, in 1993, additional damage was done to the site by the installation of a water line through the remaining part of the site. In August, 1994, I visited the Golden Grove Quarry in Barton County, Missouri only to find that the owner of the site had recently filled in all of the one to two meter deep pits so that he could plant the area in fescue. In the Ouachita area near Hot Springs, hundreds of prehistoric quarries have been destroyed already by novaculite mining operations to obtain material for silica products and whetstones. The huge aboriginal quarrying complex on Spanish Mountain near Magnet Cove, Arkansas has been damaged severely, although portions of it are still intact.
A Probable Spiroan Entrepot in the Red River Valley in Northeast Texas
Authors: Schambach Frank
Published: March 2019

In 1931, twenty-one graves at an obscure site on the edge of the Eastern Woodlands yielded an astonishing concentration of Mississippian prestige goods:

4 conch shell cups 21 shell gorgets 5,500 shell beads ca. 200 Olivella beads 26 freshwater pearl beads 2 copper-stained siltstone earspools 2 polished sandstone elbow pipes l negative-painted bottle 2 Mississippi Valley-style "bean pots"

In 1933, larger concentrations of similar goods were found at Spiro. But Sanders was 150 mountainous miles from Spiro (Figure l) and the domestic assemblages at both sites were unknown, so Sanders was not considered a Spiroan site. In 1946, Krieger made it the type site of a Sanders "focus" which he conceptualized as "a frontier [Caddo] culture facing the open Plains."
Radiocarbon and Oxidizable Carbon Ratio Dates From the Camp Joy Mound (41UR144) in Northeast Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Turner Mike , Nelson Bo
Published: March 2019

The Camp Joy Mound (41UR144) is a looted Caddo mound on property owned by the U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, at Lake o' the Pines. Although only a small number of artifacts have been found in the mound deposits - principally a few brushed sherds - it appears to be a Late Caddoan period construction with two mound platforms, separated by extensive charcoal lenses from one ( or more) burned Caddoan structure e~posed in a larger looters trench. To ascertain the age of the burned Caddoan structure that stood on the main mound platform, we obtained two charcoal samples and two oxidizable carbon ratio (OCR) samples of sediments from the charcoal lens in our freshly cleaned profile of the trench cutting across the mound.
Obsidian Artifacts from the Ozark Area
Authors: Dickson Don R.
Published: March 2019

In a paper presented at the Ozark Prehistory II session at the Society for American Archaeology meeting in New Orleans in 1996, the author stated that available evidence suggested two possible movements of Plains oriented peoples into the Ozark area during prehistoric times. The first of these was during the Late Archaic, and is reflected in quantities of Hanna, Duncan, and McKean bifaces being found in western Ozark sites. All of these types were named by Wheeler for examples recovered from Late Archaic sites in Wyoming. Although Perino suggests that the northeastern Oklahoma examples are only similar and should be named something else, all three types are often found on the same site in a Late Archaic context. In addition, the specimens are morphologically the same as Plains examples.

The second apparent influx of Plains oriented peoples into the western Ozark area was during the Late Prehistoric when what is referred to as the Neosho phase suddenly appears in the area. Such Plains traits as Harahey knives, snub nosed scrapers, triangular arrow points, bison bone artifacts, and distinctive punctate decorated shell tempered pottery are found at both village sites and bluff shelters. Archeologists have yet to relate the Neosho phase phenomena to a specific Plains antecedent population in a convincingg way.
Field Report on the Excavation of Indian Villages in the Vicinity of the Spiro Mounds, Leflore County, Oklahoma
Authors: Orr Kenneth G.
Published: March 2019

A wealth of strikingly unusual and beautiful objects of Indian manufacture were excavated from the burials of the Spiro Mound, Leflore (sic.) County, Oklahoma during 1936-37. Engraved Gulf Coast conch shells, shell beads of a dozen types, river pearls, effigy pipes, long delicately chipped flint blades, feather and textile cloths and precisely incised pottery vessels were excavated in quantities. So unusual was this material that, at the time, the archaeological science was unable to answer a host of questions which immediately arose concerning the identity of the tribe who had made the artifacts and who were buried with them. How long ago had they occupied the region? From where had they come, and where did they go? The chronological relationship of the Spiro Mound Culture to the known cultures of the United States was of particular concern to the investigators. How and where did this tribe fit into the picture of America's past?
Chronometrics at the Norman Site
Authors: Rogers J. Daniel , Albert Lois E. , Winchell Frank
Published: March 2019

Unfortunately, some of the most significant sites in eastern Oklahoma have been those with the least published information. This is a well-known consequence of the pre-World War II social aid-sponsored excavations that produced large fieldwork projects, but very little in the way of laboratory work or publication. The Norman site, in Wagoner County of eastern Oklahoma, is a major mound center that falls into this category. This report presents a specific orientation to the further analysis of the site, documentation of the available radiocarbon dates, and a few interpretive comments on regional chronology. Although the authors have an interest in producing a full-scale study of the site, we determined that for now it is beneficial to present some of the key information as it becomes available, such as the radiocarbon dates.
Human Effigy Pipes from Spiro Mound, Leflore County, Oklahoma
Authors: White Sarah
Published: March 2019

Animal and human effigy tobacco pipes are not uncommon in Middle and Lower Mississippi culture sites, but are often rather crudely worked. However, the five human figurine pipes found during the University of Oklahoma - Works Project Administration excavation of the Spiro Mound are unusually perfect specimens of primitive stone sculpture and represent relatively finished examples of prehistoric art. The accompanying pen and ink sketches of these pipes give a general idea of the artistry they represent.
Archeological Investigations at the Frank Benson Site (41TT310), Titus County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K. , Nelson Bo
Published: March 2019

The Frank Benson site (41TT310) is an extensive and significant prehistoric Caddo and historic 19th century archeological site on a broad upland landform (352- 372 feet amsl) overlooking the Big Cypress Creek Valley in Titus County, Texas. In this paper we discuss recent archeological investigations at the site, which identified extensive and well-preserved Middle and Late Caddo components associated with a clay mound and extensive daub deposits from at least one burned Caddo structure.
Cavanaugh: A Late Prehistoric Platform Mound in Western Arkansas
Authors: Vogel Gregory
Published: March 2019

Cavanaugh Mound (3SB3, also known as Etter's Mound, Jones Mound, Site Zeta, and occasionally misspelled Cavenaugh) is a largely intact Late Prehistoric platform mound on the Arkansas River just east of the Oklahoma border, about 14 km from the Spiro Mounds complex. The site is situated on a high terrace above the Arkansas River as it runs between the Ouachita Mountains to the south and the Ozarks to the north. The Poteau River enters the Arkansas River floodplain just west of Cavanaugh, creating one of the widest stretches of bottomland in the region. The area immediately around Cavanaugh Mound is now a residential neighborhood in the city of Fort Smith, and the mound itself is in a tiny lot with a church to the south, a trailer park to the east (named Indian Mounds Trailer Park), and a row of houses to the west. At about 60 m across and 9 m high, Cavanaugh Mound is one of the largest, if not the largest, prehistoric mound in the region. Very little has been published concerning this site, however, and very little formal archeological work has been done there.

This article is partly intended to call attention to Cavanaugh Mound, and to compile all reports and descriptions of the mound in one publication. The first part of the article is therefore mostly descriptive. I also offer some tentative interpretations of the site and its possible relationship to the nearby Spiro and Skidgel sites. The size , shape, and stratigraphy of the mound all indicate that it was constructed and used in a manner similar to other Caddoan era platform mounds in the Arkansas River valley. The mound appears to be alone on the landscape, not connected to a group of surrounding mounds and not located within or near a contemporaneous settlement. It overlooks the Poteau/ Arkansas River bottoms to the west and was probably visible from both the Spiro and Skidgel sites in prehistoric times.
Leaning Rock Site (41SM325) Lithics
Authors: Shafer Harry J.
Published: March 2019

The intent of the lithic analysis from the Leaning Rock site (41SM325) in Smith County, Texas, is to glean all possible information from the artifacts. Lithic studies have taken the back seat in materials analysis from sites and projects in East Texas where archaeologists focus primarily, if not exclusively, on formal tool analysis, if any analysis is done at all. Stone tools often had complex histories, and reading these histories can provide some useful, if not the only source for, insights into tool technologies, function, style, and social inferences. Stone tools were used in entirely different functional contexts than were ceramics, and provide complimentary and often unique information not provided by any other material artifact class.

The lithic analysis was conducted first to provide a descriptive report of the sample, and second to assess stylistic, chronological, functional, and behavioral information where possible. Smith County is an impoverished region in terms of lithic natural resources (Banks 1990). The materials available to the prehistoric Woodland and Caddo populations consisted mainly of orthoquartzite pebbles from extensively reworked Uvalde Pliocene gravels, small chert pebbles, silicified wood, ferruginous sandstone, and hematite. The orthoquartzite, chert, and silicified wood occur as secondary deposits in local streams. Imported chert, or rarely novaculite, can often be identified in finished artifacts such as dart points, arrow points, and finely finished biface knives. In the latter cases, the artifacts themselves were most likely introduced in finished form. Ground stone artifacts such as celts also were imported in finished form from Caddo populations that had access to the lithic resources found in the Ouachita Mountains of eastern Oklahoma and southwestern Arkansas.

Given the impoverished nature of the locally available lithic resources, one of the objectives of the debitage analysis was to plot the raw material types. Technological information was limited because of the very small and fragmentary nature of the flakes and other debitage. Despite this shortcoming, some interesting observations regarding technology were possible, such as the identification of punch-produced thinning flakes and bipolar technology. The latter may have been primarily associated with silicified wood and chert pieces used as wedges to split wood. More on this topic is presented below with the discussion of “battered pieces” or wedges.
The History of Archaeological Investigations at The Jamestown Mound Site (41SM54), An Archaeological Conservancy Preserve in Smith County, Texas
Authors: Perttula Timothy K.
Published: March 2019

The Jamestown Mound site (41SM54) is an Archaeological Conservancy (TAC) preserve in northern Smith Country, Texas in the northeastern part of the state. The Jamestown site is one of the largest Caddo mound centers in East Texas, with seven recorded mounds and an associated village area of unknown extent and internal complexity. It is also one of the four premier mound centers in the Sabine River basin, the other three being Hudnall-Pirtle (41RK4), a TAC preserve, Pine Tree Mounds (41HS15), also a TAC preserve as of 2006, and Boxed Springs (41UR30), and was obviously an important civic and ceremonial center for the prehistoric Caddo peoples that lived there and in surrounding communities. Unfortunately, at the present time very little is known about the archaeological record preserved at the Jamestown site, or the exact locations of several of the smaller mounds on the preserve. Here, I summarize the history of archaeological research at the Jamestown site. This article is intended to be a companion piece to the report to be submitted to the TAC on the results of on-going remote sensing activities at the Jamestown preserve.

The Jamestown preserve covers approximately 18 acres of pasture divided into two tracts by a north-south running fence. It is a large prehistoric Caddo mound center, with multiple mounds, roughly arranged in a circular pattern, with an open area (or plaza) between the mounds. The largest mound (Md. A) (measuring ca. 43 m in diameter and 4 m in height, is situated in the southwestern side of the circle of mounds. Mounds B-E (15-20 m in diameter and 40 cm-1 m in height) are probably mounds built over houses with a clay floor and a clay cap. The exact locations of Mounds D and E within the TAC preserve are not currently known. Md. A is known to have two levels of burned structural remains in the upper mound fill.
Byram Ferry (16BO17): A Middle to Late Caddo Period Mound Site in the Red River Floodplain, Northwest Louisiana
Authors: Girard Jeffery S.
Published: March 2019

One of the few remaining Caddo mounds in northwest Louisiana is located at the Byram Ferry site (16BO17) in northern Bossier Parish near the Arkansas state line. Until recently, a brief description by Clarence B. Moore (1912) and a few comments by Clarence H. Webb in his undated and unpublished field notes constituted the only information about the site available to archeological researchers. A collection of sherds and one intact vessel from Byram Ferry are present in the Ralph McKinney collection currently on loan to the History Center at the Bossier Parish Library in Bossier City, Louisiana. Examination of this collection in 2003 prompted us to re-locate the site and conduct limited subsurface tests to determine whether or not intact cultural deposits remain. In this article I summarize earlier fieldwork, describe the 2003 testing, and present a descriptive analysis of the collections. The testing demonstrated that undisturbed buried cultural deposits are present at Byram Ferry. Represented ceramic types relate to the Middle Caddo period (Bossier phase) and the Late Caddo period (Belcher phase). Two radiocarbon assays suggest occupation took place in the 15th century A.D.
Clay Pipes from the Tuck Carpenter Site (41CP5) Camp County, Texas
Authors: Todd Jesse , Turner Robert L.
Published: March 2019

In this paper, four clay elbow pipes are described from the Tuck Carpenter site (41CP5) in Camp County, Texas, and compared to clay pipes from other areas.
Interaction between COX-1 and COX-2 increases susceptibility to ischemic stroke in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhao Lei , Fang Jinghuan , Zhou Muke , Zhou Jie , Yu Lihua , Chen Ning , He Li
Published: March 2019

Background

Mutations of cyclooxygenase gene (COX gene) may increase the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. We investigated five variants (rs5788, rs1330344, rs3842788, rs20417, and rs689466) of two COX genes to explain the association between these polymorphisms and ischemic stroke risk determine whether gene–gene interaction between these genes increase the susceptibility of ischemic stroke or its subtype.

Methods

A total of 1981 study subjects (1078 cases and 903 control subjects) were recruited. The interaction of multiple factors was investigated using Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction and additive effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms on ischemic stroke or its subtypes were analyzed by multiple factor logistic regression.

Results

At COX-1(rs1330344), AA genotype carriers had a lower susceptibility of ischemic stroke (OR=0.657, 95%CI= 0.437-0.988, P = 0.044), and A allele carriers had a lower susceptibility of ischemic stroke (OR=0.812, 95%CI= 0.657-0.978, P = 0.029). At COX-1(rs3842788), AA genotype carriers had a higher susceptibility of ischemic stroke (OR =5.203, 95% CI=1.519-5.159, P =0.016). At COX-2 (rs689466), AA genotype carriers had a higher susceptibility of large-artery atherosclerosis (OR =1.404, 95% CI=1.019-1.934, P =0.038). COX-1(rs1330344, rs3842788) and COX-2 rs689466 interacted in SVO, but had no additive effect with ischemic stroke or its subtypes.

Conclusions

At rs1330344, AA genotype may reduce the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. At rs3842788, AA genotype may increase the susceptibility of ischemic stroke. At rs689466, AA genotype may increase the susceptibility of large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA). COX-1(rs1330344, rs3842788) and COX-2 rs689466 interacted in small vessel occlusion (SVO), but had no additive effect with ischemic stroke or its subtypes.
Yield, Quality, and Performance of Organic Sweetpotato Slips Grown in High Tunnel Compared with Open Field
Authors: Hoppenstedt Zachary N. , Griffin Jason J. , Pliakoni Eleni D. , Rivard Cary L.
Published: March 2019

Sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas) are nutritious, easily stored, and well adapted to a variety of organic farming operations. This widely consumed root crop is propagated through the use of cuttings, known as slips. Slips are commercially grown primarily in the southeastern United States, and growers in the central United States still have limited access to sweetpotato planting material. Production of organic slips in high tunnels (HTs) could be a profitable enterprise for growers in the central United States given the season extension afforded by controlled-environment agriculture, which could allow growers to diversify their operations and facilitate crop rotation. In trials conducted in 2016 and 2017 at two research stations in northeast and south central Kansas, a systems comparison was used to evaluate the yield and performance of organic sweetpotato slips grown in HT as compared with the open field (OF), with four to six replications at each location. Propagation beds planted with ‘Beauregard’ seed roots in 2016 and ‘Orleans’ in 2017 were established in HT and OF under similar cultural methods and planting schedules. Slips were harvested from both treatment groups and transplanted to field plots to investigate the impact of production system on transplant establishment and storage root production. Slip yield from HT was greater than OF at both locations in 2016 (P ≤ 0.001), but this trend was inconsistent in 2017. Slips grown in HT were on average 12% less compact (slip dry weight per centimeter length) with fewer nodes than their OF counterparts in 2016. Nonetheless, mean comparisons for vine length, stem diameter, and total marketable storage root yield were not significant between HT and OF treatments (1.7 and 2.1 lb/plant, respectively). Similarly, the number of marketable storage roots for HT and OF groups was comparable (3.4 and 3.8 storage roots/plant, respectively). Although more research is needed to evaluate the feasibility of slips grown in HT and to determine recommendations for seed root planting densities, results from this study suggest that HT organic sweetpotato slip production could be a viable alternative to OF production as it relates to slip performance. According to this study, HT production could be a useful mechanism for growing sweetpotato slips, which could provide regional growers more control over planting material. Furthermore, HT slip production could promote the adoption of an underused vegetable crop that can be grown throughout many parts of the United States.
Storage-induced deterioration of domestic water quality
Authors: Nnaji C. C. , Nnaji I. V. , Ekwule R. O.
Published: March 2019

Due to the failure of municipal supply systems in many Nigerian cities, residents often resort to long storage of water in large high-density polyethylene (HDPE) tanks in order to reduce water stress. This paper investigated deterioration of the quality of stored water for a period of 35 days. Samples from 20 purposively selected storage tanks in Enugu, Nigeria were collected for analysis. Heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform (TC), enterococci and Escherichia coli were present in 85%, 75%, 40% and 61% of the samples, respectively. E. coli (p < 0.001) and heterotrophic plate count (HPC) (p < 0.001) were significantly higher in storage tanks that were also used for rainwater collection than those that were not. HPC and TC counts in tanks that collect rainwater were twice those of tanks that do not, while E. coli and enterococci counts in tanks that also collect rainwater were three times those of tanks that do not collect rainwater. The most significant change (p < 0.001) in E. coli concentration occurred after 15 days of storage. Cleaning of tanks caused significant reduction of TC counts (p = 0.013), E. coli (p < 0.001), HPC (p < 0.001) and enterococci (p = 0.001). Hence, prolonged storage of water causes significant deterioration of water quality.
Climate change and hydrological analysis of Tekeze river basin Ethiopia: implication for potential hydropower production
Authors: Adera Abebe G. , Alfredsen Knut T.
Published: March 2019

Climate change is expected to intensify the hydropower production in East Africa. This research investigates the runoff and energy production in the current and future climate for the Tekeze hydropower plant located in the Tekeze river basin in the northern part of Ethiopia. The rainfall-runoff model HBV and the hydropower simulator nMAG were used to generate runoff and energy production in the current and future climate. A combination of five regional climate models and seven global climate models from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment were used to generate bias-corrected scenarios for the future climate. The result shows an increase in future runoff which was shown to be due to an increase in precipitation. However, the current operational strategy of the power plant did not utilize the future runoff in an optimal way. Therefore, based on the projected future inflow, we have developed a new reservoir operational strategy to preserve water for power production. As a result, the energy production was increased, and the flood spill from the reservoir reduced. This shows the need to adapt the hydropower production system to the future flow regimes to get the most out of the available water.
Validation and in-field testing of a new on-site qPCR system for quantification of Legionella pneumophila according to ISO/TS 12869:2012 in HVAC cooling towers
Authors: Ahmed Shaimaa , Liwak-Muir Urszula , Walker Danielle , Zoldowski Agnes , Mears Alan , Golovan Sergey , Mohr Steve , Lem Paul , Harder Chris
Published: March 2019

Legionella pneumophila, found in engineered water systems such as HVAC cooling towers, poses a significant public health risk. Culture, though routinely used to quantify L. pneumophila, has several disadvantages including long turnaround time, low sensitivity, and inter-laboratory variability. In this study, we validated the performance of an on-site quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) detection system for L. pneumophila in accordance with International Standards Organization Technical Specification 12869:2012. We evaluated specificity, limit of detection and quantification, and calibration curve linearity. Additionally, we evaluated whole system recovery and robustness using samples taken from taps and evaporative cooling towers. We then compared the system's performance against laboratory culture and laboratory qPCR across 53 cooling towers in a 12-week in-field study. We found that concordance between on-site qPCR and culture was both laboratory- and site/sample-dependent. Comparison of laboratory qPCR with on-site qPCR revealed that laboratory results were highly variable and showed little concordance. Some discordance may be explained by time delay between sample collection and testing (‘shipping effect’) which may lead to inaccurate reporting. Overall, our study highlights the value of on-site qPCR detection of L. pneumophila, demonstrates that laboratories are prone to misreporting results due to shipping effects, and reveals significant discordance between laboratory qPCR and culture.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Valorization of residual soft drinks by baker's yeast production and insight for dairy wastewater whey incorporation
Authors: Kasmi Mariam , Kallel Amjad , Elleuch Lobna , Hamdi Moktar , Trabelsi Ismail
Published: March 2019

Residuals are responsible for the polluting load increase of soft drink industry wastewater due to their high sugar contents. The present work proposes an upstream segregation of residuals to be biologically treated by the bioconversion of their carbohydrates content into baker's yeast biomass. Carbonated soft drinks (CSD) and nectars and juices (NJ) ranges were considered. Different incorporation ratios of NJ in the CSD (0–75%) have been investigated for balanced growth medium. Despite the nitrogen deficiency of media, results showed that NJ incorporation promoted the microbial growth. Media containing more than 50% of NJ exhibited ∼25% sugar-biomass conversion rates. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the media exceeded 70% at the end of fermentation. Moreover, valuable components were recovered by yeast production. Nutrient consumption rates varied from 65.4% for sugar and calcium content to in excess of 99% for protein and other minerals. In order to investigate an available and low-cost source of nitrogen for yeast production, partial substitution of the soft drink growth medium by bactofugate whey was evaluated. The soft drink-whey mixture medium fermentation resulted in 63% COD removal rate after 28 h. Meanwhile, the biomass production yield revealed an improvement of about 25% compared to the balanced soft drink medium (NJ50).
Investigation on Cell Surface Markers of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Isolated from Impacted Third Molar Based on International Society for Cellular Therapy Proposed Mesenchymal Stem Cell Markers
Authors: Sandra Ferry , Sudiono Janti , Feter Yohanna , Afiana Nadhia Sari , Chandra Jessica Nathalia , Abdullah Kharima , Shafira Jasmine , Chouw Angliana
Published: March 2019

Background: Recently we have isolated and cultured dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) derived from impacted third molar (DPSC-M3). The DPSC-M3 was suggested as mesenchymal stem cell, however the cell surface markers were not completely clarified. Therefore current study was conducted to investigate the markers.Materials and Methods: Passage 5 DPSC-M3 was cultured, labeled and examined with flow cytometer. All markers were investigated according to the proposed cell surface marker panel for the minimal identification of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) by International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). The positive markers were cluster of differentiation (CD)90, CD73, CD105, while the negative markers were CD34, CD45, CD11b, CD19, and Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR. Results: Results showed that the size and granularity of DPSC-M3 were ranged from 75 to 230 and 27 to 203, respectively. The cell surface antigens examination showed that CD90, CD105 and CD73 were highly expressed (>95%), meanwhile expressions of CD45, CD34, CD11b, CD19 and HLA-DR were <2%.Conclusion: Since the all markers expression were in accordance to the proposed cell surface marker panel for the minimal identification of human MSC by ISCT, DPSC-M3 could be suggested as an MSC.Keywords: dental pulp, stem cell, dental pulp stem cell, ISCT, flow cytometry
The Relationship of Hemoglobin, Interleukin-10 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Levels In Asymptomatic Malaria Patients in Trenggalek, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Authors: Nurdianto Arif Rahman , Arwati Heny , Dachlan Yoes Prijatna , Febiyanti Dyah Ayu
Published: March 2019

Background: Malaria is still a universal health problem, especially in tropical countries because of high morbidity and mortality rates. Infection by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax could result in asymptomatic disease of malaria and be found in Trenggalek, Jawa Timur. Differences in pathogenesis among affected individuals are affected by many factors, and the immune system is one of them. Among substances involved in the malarial immunity is Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α and Interleukin (IL)-10, produced by the body's defense system as the reaction to the parasite. Therefore a study was designed to detect the level of TNF-α and IL-10 in asymptomatic malaria patients.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Thirty male asymptomatic malaria subjects, age 21 to 60 years were selected. Blood from each subject was collected and the levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Significant values considered at p<0.05.Results: There was an increased level of TNF-α with the average of 218.760 pg/µL, and an increased level of IL-10 with an average of 257.574 pg/µL in asymptomatic malaria subjects. In normal person IL-10 level is 12.6 (8.5-16.7) pg/mL and the levels of TNF-α in normal person is 0-1.5 pg/mL because they are not produce. There was a positive correlation of TNF-α with IL-10 (r=0.332; p>0.05), and positive correlation between TNF-α and the rate of hemoglobin (r=0.002; p>0.05). IL-10 was correlated negatively with the rate of hemoglobin (r=-0.363; p<0.05).Conclusion: The results from this study conclude that TNF-α and IL-10 levels increase in asymptomatic malaria subjects.Keywords: asymptomatic malaria, TNF-α, IL-10, parasite, hemoglobin
Soymilk Formula Increases Estrogen and Reduces Testosterone Level in Male Infant White Wistar Rats
Authors: Margo Eveline , Pangkahila Wimpie , Aman I Gusti Made
Published: March 2019

Background: Children’s immunity system is relatively lower on first year of life, causing atopic babies, leading to allergy. Ideally, newborn babies are given breast milk as main food source on the first 6 months, but often being replaced with cow milk which can induce Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy. For the alternative can replace it with soymilk formula which contains phytoestrogen from isoflavon, which works just like estrogen. The aim of this study to determine whether administration of soymilk formula is capable on increasing estrogen level and reducing testosterone level on male infant white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Materials and Methods: This research used post test only control group design. Samples were consisted of 36 infant male white Wistar rats aged 7 days, weighing from 10-15 grams, divided into 2 groups, control group which was given cow’s milk and intervention group which was given soymilk. Each group were given intervention with the dose 5% of BW (grams), given twice-a-day orally for 21 days, and subsequently in the morning their blood samples were taken to examine the level of estrogen and testosterone hormone.Results: The study showed that the level of estrogen on intervention group was significantly higher than the control group with mean estrogen level of 0.55±0.03 pg/mL in the control group and 0.82±0.01 pg/mL in the intervention group, while the mean testosterone level was significantly lower on intervention group compared with control group (p<0.05) with 3.25±0.15 ng/mL on control group and 2.36±0.22 ng/mL on intervention group.Conclusion: Soymilk was able to increase estrogen level and reduce testosterone level on male infant white Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus).Keywords: soymilk formula, estrogen, testosterone, male infant rats