bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Visibility of International Rotations on Plastic Surgery Program Websites
Authors: Reddy Narainsai K. , Gutowski Kristof S. , Allison Sophia G. , Lentskevich Marina A. , Yau Alice , Gosain Arun K.
Published: May 2024

Plastic surgery residency programs are offering increasing opportunities for international rotations, recognizing the importance of early exposure and the need to promote better capacity building in host countries. While a greater number of residency programs are offering international opportunities, it is not clear whether applicants are aware of these opportunities based on program websites. The purpose of this study was to determine the availability and ease of access to international rotation information on plastic surgery residency websites. All 101 integrated and independent program websites were visited and assessed for information on international rotations. Programs were noted for any information about rotations and ease of access was determined based on the location of information on the website (homepage, 1 or 2 clicks from homepage, and greater than 2 clicks). Approximately 33% of programs offered any information on international rotations on their program websites. Thirty-six percent of these program websites displayed information on their homepage (“Easy”); 30% of these programs displayed their information 1 or 2 clicks away from the homepage (“Moderate”); and 33% of these programs displayed their information greater than 2 clicks away from the homepage (“Difficult”). Previous studies have established that international rotations are widely available to plastic surgery residents, but this study revealed that only a minority of residency programs are advertising this opportunity on their websites. These data may serve to galvanize faculty to increase website visibility of available international rotations to better promote their programs and attract prospective residents who seek opportunities in global health care.
Assessment of the Quality of Sinus Elevation with Lateral Window Approach Procedure Videos on YouTube: A Content-quality Analysis
Authors: Yoo Seung Rim , Yoo Jeong-Hun , Kim Byung Su , Kim Bong Chul
Published: May 2024

Although the lateral window approach allows for greater graft material delivery and bone formation, it is more challenging and invasive, prompting keen interest among dentists to master this method. YouTube is increasingly used for medical training; however, concerns regarding the quality of instructional videos exist. This study proposes new criteria for evaluating YouTube videos on maxillary sinus elevation with the aim of establishing standards for assessing instructional content in the field. We sourced 100 maxillary sinus elevation videos from YouTube and, following exclusion criteria, analyzed 65 remaining videos. The video characteristics, content quality, and newly developed criteria were evaluated. Statistical analyses, employing ordinal logistic regression, identified the factors influencing the quality of instructional videos and evaluated the significance of our new criteria. Although video interaction and view rate exhibited positive relations to content quality, they were not significant (P=0.818 and 0.826, respectively). Notably, videos of fair and poor quality showed a significant negative relation (P<0.001). Audio commentary, written commentary, and descriptions of preoperative data displayed positive but statistically insignificant relationships (P=0.088, 0.228, and 0.612, respectively). The comparison of video evaluation results based on the developed criteria with content quality scores revealed significant negative relationships for good, fair, and poor videos (P<0.001, Exp(B)=−4.306, −7.853, −10.722, respectively). Among the various video characteristics, only image quality showed a significant relationship with content quality. Importantly, our newly developed criteria demonstrated a significant relationship with video content quality, providing valuable insights for assessing instructional videos on maxillary sinus elevation and laying the foundation for robust standards.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Choice of Implant-based or Autologous Fat Grafting Breast Augmentation: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Haoran , Mu Dali
Published: May 2024

Background:

Breast augmentation mainly includes implant-based and autologous fat grafting augmentation. Choosing the right surgical method for the patient is particularly important. However, an analysis of the factors that may affect the choice of surgical methods among patients has not yet been performed. In this study, the authors sought to identify the factors that influence the choice of surgical methods for women who receive implant or autologous fat grafting breast augmentation.

Methods:

A total of 192 female patients with micromastia who were hospitalized for breast augmentation from June 2018 to June 2021 were included in the study. The enrolled patients were divided into the implant group (n=92) and the fat group (n=100). Univariate and multivariate analyses were then performed on the data.

Results:

In the univariate analysis, there were statistical differences between the implant and fat group in weight, BMI, marital status, occupation, bilateral midsternal line-nipple distance difference, bilateral nipple-inframammary fold distance difference in the natural state, and others (P<0.05). In the final logistic binary regression analysis, the statistically different factors included the acceptable number of operations, chest circumference through the armpit, and chest circumference through the inframammary fold (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

There were several factors, such as acceptable numbers of operations, chest circumference through the armpit, and chest circumference through the inframammary fold, may affect the choice of breast augmentation surgery method for Chinese female patients.

Level of Evidence:

Level—III, retrospective cohort study.
Frontal Sinus Displacement of Silicone Implant After Previous Rhinoplasty
Authors: Choi Jong Y. , Ko Eunjeong , Lee Chae R. , Choi Jangyoun , Moon Suk-Ho , Oh Deuk Y. , Jun Young-Joon
Published: May 2024

Rhinoplasty, a historic surgical procedure for facial esthetics, has been actively performed in Asia. The use of autologous tissues or artificial materials, such as silicone, Gore-Tex, and Medpore, is common in achieving cosmetic improvements. However, artificial material poses risks of inflammation and foreign body reactions, leading to complications like infection and necessitating material removal and antibiotic treatment. According to previous reports, various clinical aspects appear across inflammation, skin necrosis, and, in severe cases, systemic symptoms caused by implants. In this case study, the goal is to share a rare case of silicone implant migration into the frontal sinus after augmentation rhinoplasty. A 38-year-old female patient who had previously undergone rhinoplasty surgery visited the outpatient clinic complaining of headaches and a deviated nose. On computed tomography, the silicone implant moved upward, penetrating the nasoethmoid bone and invading the frontal sinus. Fortunately, there was no intracranial invasion. The authors planned the implant removal and performed the complete implant removal with capsulectomy. The patient has been undergoing follow-up without any complications after surgery. Augmentation rhinoplasty with implants, while common, carries long-term risks. This case highlights the severity of complications, emphasizing infection and migration into the frontal sinus and, in extreme cases, the brain cavity. Therefore, surgeons must continually refine operation techniques to minimize iatrogenic causes and consider modifying surgical procedures to prevent potential complications.
Intraoperative Computed Tomography in the Surgical Treatment of Zygomatic Complex Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ren Hongyu , Chen Shuo , Zhang Yi , An Jingang , He Yang
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) in managing zygomatic complex (ZMC) fractures surgically. A total of 143 patients (84 men, 59 women; average age 37.13 y) undergoing surgical treatment for ZMC fractures participated in this retrospective cohort study, with 72 in the ICT group and 71 in the control group. There were no notable differences in gender, age, time from injury to surgery, and surgical duration between the two groups. The ICT group exhibited significantly fewer surgical approaches than the control group (1.39±0.519 vs. 2.07±0.617, P<0.001). Fixation points in the ICT group (1-point: 42, 2-point: 14, 3-point: 16) significantly differed from the control group (1-point: 15, 2-point: 17, 3-point: 39), P<0.001. Symmetry of reduction was assessed through immediate postoperative images, and stability was compared between immediate postoperative images and those taken at least 3 months later. Both assessments revealed no significant differences between the 2 groups. This study indicates that ICT facilitates prompt evaluation of ZMC reduction, minimizing the necessity for incisions and internal fixation, while achieving comparable reduction efficacy and long-term stability to conventional approaches.
A Systematic Review of the Application of Computational Technology in Microtia
Authors: Zhou Jingyang , Cui Runmeng , Lin Lin
Published: May 2024

Microtia is a congenital and morphological anomaly of one or both ears, which results from a confluence of genetic and external environmental factors. Up to now, extensive research has explored the potential utilization of computational methodologies in microtia and has obtained promising results. Thus, the authors reviewed the achievements and shortcomings of the research mentioned previously, from the aspects of artificial intelligence, computer-aided design and surgery, computed tomography, medical and biological data mining, and reality-related technology, including virtual reality and augmented reality. Hoping to offer novel concepts and inspire further studies within this field.
Trends in American Plastic Surgery Procedures (2005–2019): Observing the Growth Rate of Maxillofacial Surgery and Cosmetic Minimally Invasive Procedures in ASPS Data
Authors: Moon Hejin , Kang Daihun
Published: May 2024

Background:

This study explores the dynamic changes in plastic surgery practices, focusing on the growth rates across different subcategories, particularly highlighting the trends in the United States.

Objectives:

To analyze evolving trends in plastic surgery using statistical methods, providing insights into the changes and growth patterns in various segments over time.

Materials and Methods:

Utilizing data from 2005 to 2019 from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the authors, conducted a comprehensive statistical analysis using the SPSS program to investigate trends in plastic surgery procedures.

Results:

Our analysis revealed no significant differences in year-on-year growth rates between cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. However, in reconstructive surgery subcategories, maxillofacial surgery showed the highest mean growth rate at 11.61%, though this was not statistically significant. In cosmetic minimally invasive procedures, soft tissue filler injections and botulinum toxin A injections experienced notably higher growth trends compared with microdermabrasion.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that practitioners considering a career in plastic surgery should not focus solely on choosing between reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Recognizing substantial growth in cosmetic minimally invasive procedures, especially botulinum toxin A injections and fillers, is vital for making informed career decisions.
Bilateral Hyperplasia of Mandibular Coronoid Processes in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Gómez Verónica , Gutiérrez Carlos , Padilla Pablo
Published: May 2024

Langen Beck disease, a rare idiopathic disorder, causes enlarged coronoid processes of the mandible, leading to restricted oral opening and deteriorating health. This paper presents a 10-year-old boy’s case with bilateral hyperplasia of the coronoid processes (HCP), diagnosed using cranial computed tomography, severely limiting oral opening to 18 mm. Treatment involved early intraoral coronoidectomy followed by physiotherapy, yielding immediate oral opening improvement without recurrence after 1 year. Surgical timing should consider age, disease severity, and progression risk. While HCP etiology lacks conclusive evidence, genetic mutations may explain cases without identifiable causes. This case underscores the significance of timely intervention for HCP to alleviate symptoms and improve long-term outcomes, emphasizing individualized treatment strategies.
Beauty Pageants in the Japanese Colonial Era of Korea (1931 and 1940)
Authors: Jung Sung Gyun , Hwang Kun , Hwang Young Joong
Published: May 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze the beauty pageants that were held in Korea during the Japanese colonial era (1931, 1940). Through searches of www.google.com and www.naver.com, 3 pageants were found: (1) 1931, Miss Korea, organized by Samchunli (a magazine): Any Korean woman, with the exception of Korean geishas, could apply by submitting her photographs. The number of candidates was 326. Nine Korean judges evaluated the photos of the candidates. Among them, the victor was an 18-year-old Korean woman. (2) 1931 (Oct), Miss Joseon, organized by Osaka Mainichi Shimbun: The candidates were categorized into 2 groups: 10 “internals” (Japanese) and 10 Koreans. Their heights and weights, along with their photographs, were provided for the readers’ reference. The winners were determined based on the readers’ votes. The Japanese victor was a 21-year-old student with a height of 150 cm and a weight of 52 kg (body mass index [BMI] 23.11 kg/m2). The Korean winner was a 19-year-old student standing at 157 cm and weighing 53 kg (BMI 21.50 kg/m2). (3) 1940, Venus of the Peninsula, organized by Modern Japan (a magazine): The candidates were Korean women residing in Japan or Korea. The panel of judges evaluated the photographs of the candidates. The victor was a 20-year-old Korean geisha. Her winning photograph was featured in the Korean edition of the magazine Modern Japan. She stood at 157 cm in height and weighed 45 kg (BMI 18.25 kg/m2). As beauty standards evolved over time, the beauty standards of the 1930s were markedly different from those of today.
Proper Management of Amalgam Powder Embedded in the Alveolus
Authors: Aung Yoon Thu , Eo Mi Young , Mustakim Kezia Rachellea , Kim Soung Min
Published: May 2024

The presence of foreign bodies in the mandible is not listed as a risk factor or absolute contraindication for implant rehabilitation. However, possible complications caused by foreign bodies, such as infection and cyst formation, could lead to implant failure. The authors report a case of dental implant placed 4 months after the surgical removal of embedded amalgam in the mandibular alveolus using a trephine bur and bone grafting with mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were performed at each appointment to assess factors such as pain, implant mobility, probing depth, and marginal bone loss around the implant. Within 3 years of implant placement, there were no clinical signs and symptoms and no obvious radiographic marginal bone loss. Dental implant installation appears to be safe following the elimination of foreign materials, so long as anatomic and biological factors and appropriate implant choice, are taken into consideration.
Transmalar Kirshner Wire Fixation Under Ultrasound Scanning is Useful for Unstable Zygomatic Arch Fracture Combined With Zygomatic Body Fracture
Authors: Sasaki Kaoru , Sasaki Masahiro , Oshima Junya , Aihara Yukiko , Shibuya Yoichiro , Sekido Mitsuru
Published: May 2024

Plate fixation to zygomatic arch fractures carries the risk of facial nerve palsy and scarring of the cheek; however, without plate fixation, bone deviation or displacement may reoccur after surgery. Furthermore, zygomatic arch fractures combined with zygomatic body fractures are more postoperatively unstable than single zygomatic arch fractures. Few reports have focused on this combined fracture type, and no consensus has been reached regarding treatment. Because plate fixation for slight deviation of the zygomatic body has little advantage for stabilization, the authors, usually opt for transmalar pinning alone instead of plate fixation at the hospital. This study is a retrospective case series of 7 patients, among 100 zygomatic fractures excluding isolated zygomatic arch fractures, treated using transmalar pinning under ultrasound scanning. The reduction was performed through the oral and temporal incision as a surgical procedure. Under ultrasound observation, a Kirshner wire was inserted into the zygomatic body from the unaffected side while maintaining the reduced position. The wire was removed at an outpatient visit 2 to 3 months following surgery. In all cases, the zygomatic body was of the laterally rotated type, and postoperative morphologic evaluation showed improvement without postoperative complications. Scores were higher in middle-aged and older than in young people. Correction of zygomatic rotation also scored higher than zygomatic arch morphology. Transmalar Kirshner wire fixation under ultrasound observation is a simple and minimally invasive method for zygomatic arch fractures, which avoids the possible complications related to plate fixation.
Appendectomy and Long-term Colorectal Cancer Incidence, Overall and by Tumor Fusobacterium nucleatum Status
Authors: Kawamura Hidetaka , Ugai Tomotaka , Takashima Yasutoshi , Okadome Kazuo , Shimizu Takashi , Mima Kosuke , Akimoto Naohiko , Haruki Koichiro , Arima Kota , Zhao Melissa , Väyrynen Juha P. , Wu Kana , Zhang Xuehong , Ng Kimmie , Nowak Jonathan A. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Giovannucci Edward L. , Giannakis Marios , Chan Andrew T. , Huttenhower Curtis , Garrett Wendy S. , Song Mingyang , Ogino Shuji
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To test hypotheses that appendectomy history might lower long-term colorectal cancer risk and that the risk reduction might be strong for tumors enriched with Fusobacterium nucleatum, bacterial species implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis.

Background:

The absence of the appendix, an immune system organ and a possible reservoir of certain pathogenic microbes, may affect the intestinal microbiome, thereby altering long-term colorectal cancer risk.

Methods:

Utilizing databases of prospective cohort studies, namely the Nurses’ Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we examined the association of appendectomy history with colorectal cancer incidence overall and subclassified by the amount of tumor tissue Fusobacterium nucleatum​​ (Fusobacterium animalis). We used an inverse probability weighted multivariable-adjusted duplication-method Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results:

During the follow-up of 139,406 participants (2,894,060 person-years), we documented 2811 incident colorectal cancer cases, of which 1065 cases provided tissue F. nucleatum analysis data. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio of appendectomy for overall colorectal cancer incidence was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.84−1.01). Appendectomy was associated with lower F. nucleatum-positive cancer incidence (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33−0.85; P=0.0079), but not F. nucleatum-negative cancer incidence (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.83−1.14), suggesting a differential association by F. nucleatum status (P
heterogeneity=0.015). This differential association appeared to persist in various participant/patient strata including tumor location and microsatellite instability status.

Conclusions:

Appendectomy likely lowers the future long-term incidence of F. nucleatum-positive (but not F. nucleatum-negative) colorectal cancer. Our findings do not support the existing hypothesis that appendectomy may increase colorectal cancer risk.
Whole Blood and Blood Component Resuscitation in Trauma
Authors: Dorken-Gallastegi Ander , Spinella Phillip C. , Neal Matthew D. , Leeper Christine , Sperry Jason , Peitzman Andrew B. , Brown Joshua B.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the interaction between whole blood (WB) and blood component resuscitation in relation to mortality after trauma.

Background:

WB is increasingly available in civilian trauma resuscitation, and it is typically transfused concomitantly with blood components. The interaction between WB and blood component transfusions is unclear.

Methods:

Adult patients with trauma with a shock index >1 who received ≥4 combined units of red blood cells and/or WB within 4 hours across 501 U.S. trauma centers were included using the American College of Surgeons Trauma Quality Improvement Program database. The associations between (1) WB resuscitation and mortality, (2) WB to total transfusion volume ratio (WB:TTV) and mortality, and (3) balanced blood component transfusion in the setting of combined WB and component resuscitation and mortality were evaluated with multivariable analysis.

Results:

A total of 12,275 patients were included (WB: 2884 vs component-only: 9391). WB resuscitation was associated with lower odds of 4-hour [adjusted odds ratio: 0.81 (0.68–0.97)], 24-hour, and 30-day mortality compared with component-only. Higher WB:TTV ratios were significantly associated with lower 4-hour, 24-hour, and 30-day mortality, with a 13% decrease in odds of 4-hour mortality for each 10% increase in the WB:TTV ratio [0.87 (95% CI: 0.80–0.94)]. Balanced blood component transfusion was associated with significantly lower odds of 4-hour [adjusted odds ratio: 0.45 (95% CI: 0.29–0.68)], 24-hour, and 30-day mortality in the setting of combined WB and blood component resuscitation.

Conclusions:

WB resuscitation, higher WB:TTV ratios, and balanced blood component transfusion in conjunction with WB were associated with lower mortality in patients with trauma presenting in shock requiring at least 4 units of red blood cells and/or WB transfusion within 4 hours of arrival.
Early Cold Stored Platelet Transfusion Following Severe Injury
Authors: Sperry Jason L. , Guyette Francis X. , Rosario-Rivera Bedda L. , Kutcher Matthew E. , Kornblith Lucy Z. , Cotton Bryan A. , Wilson Chad T. , Inaba Kenji , Zadorozny Eva V. , Vincent Laura E. , Harner Ashley M. , Love Emily T. , Doherty Joseph E. , Cuschieri Joseph , Kornblith Aaron E. , Fox Erin E. , Bai Yu , Hoffman Marcus K. , Seger Catherine P. , Hudgins Jay , Mallett-Smith Sheila , Neal Matthew D. , Leeper Christine M. , Spinella Philip C. , Yazer Mark H. , Wisniewski Stephen R. ,   the Cold Stored Platelet for Hemorrhagic Shock (CRISP-HS) Study Group
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To determine the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of early cold stored platelet transfusion compared with standard care resuscitation in patients with hemorrhagic shock.

Background:

Data demonstrating the safety and efficacy of early cold stored platelet transfusion are lacking following severe injury.

Methods:

A phase 2, multicenter, randomized, open label, clinical trial was performed at 5 US trauma centers. Injured patients at risk of large volume blood transfusion and the need for hemorrhage control procedures were enrolled and randomized. The intervention was the early transfusion of a single apheresis cold stored platelet unit, stored for up to 14 days versus standard care resuscitation. The primary outcome was feasibility and the principal clinical outcome for efficacy and safety was 24-hour mortality.

Results:

Mortality at 24 hours was 5.9% in patients who were randomized to early cold stored platelet transfusion compared with 10.2% in the standard care arm (difference, −4.3%; 95% CI, −12.8% to 3.5%; P=0.26). No significant differences were found for any of the prespecified ancillary outcomes. Rates of arterial and/or venous thromboembolism and adverse events did not differ across treatment groups.

Conclusions and Relevance:

In severely injured patients, early cold stored platelet transfusion is feasible, safe and did not result in a significant lower rate of 24-hour mortality. Early cold stored platelet transfusion did not result in a higher incidence of arterial and/or venous thrombotic complications or adverse events. The storage age of the cold stored platelet product was not associated with significant outcome differences.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT 04667468.
Reappraising the Role of Intraoperative Neck Margin Revision in Post-Neoadjuvant Pancreatoduodenectomy for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Malleo Giuseppe , Lionetto Gabriella , Crippa Stefano , Qadan Motaz , Moser Giada , Belfiori Giulio , Scarpa Aldo , Schiavo-Lena Marco , Casciani Fabio , Mattiolo Paola , Paiella Salvatore , Esposito Alessandro , Luchini Claudio , Ferrone Cristina R. , Lillemoe Keith D. , Fernández-Del Castillo Carlos , Falconi Massimo , Salvia Roberto
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To investigate whether revision of pancreatic neck margin based on intraoperative frozen section analysis has oncologic value in post-neoadjuvant pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Summary Background Data:

The role of intraoperative neck margin revision has been controversial, with little information specific to post-neoadjuvant PD.

Methods:

Patients who underwent post-neoadjuvant PD (2013-2019) for conventional PDAC with frozen section analysis of neck margin at three academic institutions were included. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared across three groups: complete resection achieved en-bloc (CR-EB), complete resection achieved non-en-bloc (CR-NEB), and incomplete resection (IR).

Results:

Among the 671 patients included, 524 (78.1%) underwent CR-EB, 119 (17.7%) CR-NEB and 28 (4.2%) IR. Patients undergoing CR-NEB and IR exhibited larger tumors and lower rates of RECIST response, requiring vascular resections more often. Likewise, CR-NEB and IR were associated with a worse pathological profile than CR-EB. The incidence of postoperative complications and access to adjuvant treatment were comparable among groups. A CR-EB was associated with the longest OS duration (34.3 mo). In patients with positive neck margin, obtaining a CR-NEB via re-excision was associated with a comparable OS relative to patients with an IR (26.9 vs. 27.1 mo, P=0.901). Similar results were observed for RFS. At multivariable analysis, neck margin status was not independently associated with survival and recurrence.

Conclusion:

Conversion of an initially positive pancreatic neck margin by additional resection is not associated with oncologic benefits in post-neoadjuvant PD and cannot be routinely recommended.
Charting the Course
Authors: Wu Christopher , Song Zhixing , Balachandra Sanjana , Dream Sophie , Chen Herbert , Rose J. Bart , Bhatia Smita , Gillis Andrea
Published: May 2024

Objective:

To explore changing trends and characteristics in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) epidemiology, focusing on demographics, clinical aspects, and survival, including the impact of social determinants of health (SDOH) on outcomes.

Background:

The escalating incidence and prevalence of NETs underscore the pressing need for updated epidemiologic data to reveal the evolving landscape of this condition. Access to current information is imperative for informing clinical strategies and public health initiatives targeting NETs.

Methods:

A retrospective, population-based study analyzed NET patient data from 1975 to 2020, using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER 8, 12, 18) program. We calculated annual age-adjusted incidence, prevalence, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. Survival trends from 2000 to 2019 were examined, employing the Fine-Gray model to evaluate cancer-specific mortality.

Results:

NETs’ age-adjusted incidence rate quadrupled from 1.5 per 100,000 in 1975 to 6.0 per 100,000 in 2020. A decline in incidence occurred from 6.8 per 100,000 in 2019 to 6.0 per 100,000 in 2020. All-cause survival multivariable analysis demonstrated high grade (HR: 2.95, 95% CI: 2.63-3.09, P<0.001), single patients (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.45-1.54, P<0.001), and Black patients (HR: 1.17, 95% CI:1.13-1.22, P<0.001) all had worse survival than their controls.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our study shows a steady increase in NETs incidence until 2019, with a decline in 2020. Understanding the reasons behind this trend is vital for improved management and public health planning. Further research should focus on the factors driving these changes to enhance our understanding of NET epidemiology.
Racial Disparities in Sacral Neuromodulation for Idiopathic Fecal Incontinence
Authors: Seitz Vienne , Calata Jed , Mei Ling , Davidson Emily R.W.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective treatment for fecal incontinence (FI). Previous studies found that Black women undergo SNM for urinary incontinence less than White women, but there is less known about racial disparities for FI.

Objective

This study assessed differences in Black and White patients’ FI treatment; SNM counseling was the primary outcome.

Study Design

This was a retrospective cohort study of adult non-Hispanic Black and White patients who received FI treatment at an academic institution from 2011 to 2021. Medical records were queried for treatments, testing, and treating specialties for a 2:1 age-matched cohort of White:Black patients.

Results

Four hundred forty-seven women were included: 149 Black women and 298 age-matched White women. A total of 24.4% (109) of patients had documented SNM counseling, significantly fewer in Black patients (14.8% vs 29.2%, P < 0.001). A total of 5.1% (23) of patients received SNM, less frequent in Black patients (2.7% vs 6.4%, P = 0.003). Among patients with SNM counseling, there was no difference between cohorts. Black patients were less likely to be referred for physical therapy (59.7% vs 77.2%, P < 0.001), sphincter imaging (0.7% vs 5.7%, P = 0.011), and defecography (8.1% vs 17.1%, P = 0.009). Different specialties managed the 2 cohorts. Black patients were less likely to see urogynecology and colorectal surgery (21.5% vs 34.6%, P = 0.004; 9.4% vs 15.4%, P = 0.077). Patients seen by these surgeons were more likely to discuss SNM (48.6% vs 8.5%, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

There were differences between Black and White patients’ FI treatment, including counseling about SNM. Multidisciplinary work is needed to provide equitable education for this life-altering condition.
Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence: Does Race Matter?
Authors: Boyd Brittni , Guaderrama Noelani , Zhuang Zimin , Tovar Stephanie , Whitcomb Emily
Published: May 2024

Importance

The importance of this study was to examine treatment patterns and surgical complications for stress urinary incontinence (SUI).

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the treatment of SUI and associated complications in a racially and ethnically diverse population.

Study Design

This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with a new diagnosis of SUI. We identified patients who received treatment with a pessary, pelvic floor physical therapy, or surgery. Surgical complications were abstracted. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between race/ethnicity and treatment, as well as surgical complications.

Results

A total of 67,187 patients with a new diagnosis of SUI were included. The population was predominately Hispanic (47.5%) followed by White, Asian, Black, Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaska Native. Comparing no treatment to any treatment, all racial/ethnic groups, except American Indian/Alaska Native, had decreased odds of receiving treatment compared with White women. Hispanic and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander women had increased odds of referral for pelvic floor physical therapy compared with White women. All racial/ethnic groups, except for American Indian/Alaska Native women, had decreased odds of receiving a sling procedure compared with White women. When these racial/ethnic minority groups did receive treatment, it was more likely to be conservative treatment compared with White women. There were no significant differences in individual surgical complications.

Conclusions

Racial minority women were 20–50% less likely to undergo a sling procedure, commonly posited as the gold standard surgical treatment. Racial minority women were 40–100% more likely to receive conservative management and 20–50% less likely to receive any treatment compared with White women.
Factors Associated With Persistent Bothersome Urinary Symptoms and Leakage After Pregnancy
Authors: Bhandari Randhawa Sonia , Rizkallah Andrea , Nelson David B. , Duryea Elaine L. , Spong Catherine Y. , Pruszynski Jessica E. , Rahn David D.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Urinary incontinence is a common postpartum morbidity that negatively affects quality of life.

Objective

This study aimed to identify factors associated with persistent (ie, 12 months postpartum) bothersome urinary symptoms, including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), and explore their association with mental health in medically underserved communities.

Study Design

This was a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective study of individuals enrolled into “extending Maternal Care After Pregnancy,” a program providing 12 months of postpartum care to individuals with health disparities. Patients were screened at 12 months for urinary dysfunction, anxiety, and depression using the Urinary Distress Index-6, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for at-least-somewhat-bothersome SUI versus no-SUI, UUI versus no-UUI, and for bothersome versus asymptomatic urinary symptoms, using demographic and peripartum and postpartum variables as associated factors.

Results

Four hundred nineteen patients provided data at median 12 months postpartum. Patients were 77% Hispanic White and 22% non-Hispanic Black. After multivariable analysis, SUI (n = 136, 32.5%) was significantly associated with increasing body mass index at the time of delivery and greater depression screening scores. Fetal birthweight, mode of delivery, degree of laceration, and breastfeeding status were not associated. Urgency urinary incontinence (n = 69, 16.5%) was significantly associated with increasing parity and higher anxiety screening scores. Similarly, participants with urinary symptom bother had significantly greater parity and higher anxiety screening scores.

Conclusions

At 12 months postpartum, bothersome urinary symptoms and incontinence were quite common. Since these are treatable, postpartum screening for urinary complaints—and associated anxiety and depression—is essential, as is assisting patients in achieving a healthy weight.
Preprocessing Choices for P3 Analyses with Mobile EEG: A Systematic Literature Review and Interactive Exploration
Authors: Jacobsen Nadine S. J. , Kristanto Daniel , Welp Suong , Inceler Yusuf Cosku , Debener Stefan
Published: May 2024

Preprocessing is necessary to extract meaningful results from electroencephalography (EEG) data. With many possible preprocessing choices, their impact on outcomes is fundamental. While previous studies have explored the effects of preprocessing on stationary EEG data, this research delves into mobile EEG, where complex processing is necessary to address motion artifacts. Specifically, we describe the preprocessing choices studies reported for analyzing the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during walking and standing. A systematic review of 258 studies of the P3 during walking, identified 27 studies meeting the inclusion criteria. Two independent coders extracted preprocessing choices reported in each study. Analysis of preprocessing choices revealed commonalities and differences, such as the widespread use of offline filters but limited application of line noise correction (3 of 27 studies). Notably, 59% of studies involved manual processing steps, and 56% omitted reporting critical parameters for at least one step. All studies employed unique preprocessing strategies. These findings align with stationary EEG preprocessing results, emphasizing the necessity for standardized reporting in mobile EEG research. We implemented an interactive visualization tool (Shiny app) to aid the exploration of the preprocessing landscape. The app allows users to structure the literature regarding different processing steps, enter planned processing methods, and compare them with the literature. The app could be utilized to examine how these choices impact P3 results and understand the robustness of various processing options. We hope to increase awareness regarding the potential influence of preprocessing decisions and advocate for comprehensive reporting standards to foster reproducibility in mobile EEG research.
In vitroefficacy andin vivotoxicity and retention of targeted nanoformulated carboplatin in a sustained release carrier for treatment of osteosarcoma
Authors: Day Kevin , Risselada Marije , Sokolsky-Papkov Marina
Published: May 2024

Objective

evaluate 1) if targeting of platinum magnetic nanoclusters will promote uptake in osteosarcoma cellsin vitro, 2) targeting will improve uptake and delivery in murine OSAin vivocompared to free carboplatin, 3) incorporation into a sustained release carrier (SRC) will prolong local retentionin vivo.

Methods

Complex stability and peptide loading was assessed. Drug release was tested at pH 7.4 and 5.5 and cellular uptake and cytotoxity determined for canine, human and mouse osteosarcoma. Subcutaneous murine osteosarcoma was induced and optimal dose and time until tumor growth were established. Tumor bearing mice were equally distributed between 8 treatment (0.5mg carboplatin/mouse) and 1 control group and sacrificed at 8 predetermined time points between 1 hour and 8 days. Blood, tumor site and organs were harvested for tissue ferron and platinum content analysis (ICP-MS).

Results

Carboplatin was preferentially released at pH5.5. Targeting increased cellular uptake for carboplatin 15.2-fold, and decreased IC50at 24h and 48h. At 2 weeks, a SC injection of 1-1.56live cells/mouse reliably resulted in a palpable tumor. Plasma platinum peaked prior to 6 hours while plasma ferron peaked at 24-48 hours. Intratumoral delivery did not lead to a sustained local presence while local delivery in a SRC after surgery did.

Conclusions

Targeting of MNC-carboplatin is possible with an increased osteosarcoma cell uptakein vitro.In vivometastatic uptake could not be assessed due to lack of metastases, but local delivery in a SRC yielded high local, and low systemic platinum concentrations in mice.
Weather explains inter-annual variability, but not the temporal decline, in insect biomass
Authors: Duchenne François , Fontaine Colin
Published: May 2024

In a recent publication, Mülleret al. (2023) re-analysed, in light of new data, the dataset of the highly cited paper of Hallmannet al. (2017) showing a strong decline in insect biomass in Germany between 1989 and 2016. In their re-analysis, Mülleret al. completed Hallmannet al’s model with a focus on modelling the effects of weather conditions on insect biomass. They also included temporal changes in habitat as additional predictors, using the same variables as Hallmannet al., which although not entirely satisfactory due to the scarcity of historical habitat data, represent the best available data. While they trained their model on the Hallmannet al.’s dataset, Mülleret al. validated it with an independent dataset. These upgraded analyses are a nice demonstration of the strong impact of climatic conditions on annual insect biomass. However, Mülleret al. conclusion that “temporal variation in weather conditions explained most of the temporal changes in insect biomass whereas temporal changes in habitat conditions played only a minor role” was overstated. Here we argue that their methodological approach was unsuitable to draw such conclusion, because of omitted variable bias. We show that more appropriate analyses produce a pattern opposite to the main conclusion of Mülleret al.: there is a significant temporal decline in insect biomass not explained by weather conditions.
Enhancing Biosecurity with Watermarked Protein Design
Authors: Chen Yanshuo , Hu Zhengmian , Wu Yihan , Chen Ruibo , Jin Yongrui , Chen Wei , Huang Heng
Published: May 2024

The biosecurity issue arises as the capability of deep learning-based protein design has rapidly increased in recent years. To address this problem, we propose a new general framework for adding watermarks to protein sequences designed by various sampling-based deep learning models. Compared to currently proposed protein design regulation procedures, watermarks ensure robust traceability and maintain the privacy of protein sequences. Moreover, using our framework does not decrease the performance or accessibility of the protein design tools.
Hemispheric specialization of functions are tuned by conduction velocities of neuronal propagation in large-scale brain networks
Authors: Kumar Neeraj , Roy Dipanjan , Banerjee Arpan
Published: May 2024

We propose a tuning-by-delay hypothesis to explain the hemispheric specialization of function that has intrigued psychologists, philosophers, neurologists and neuroscientists for decades. In the auditory domain, speech and melody processing are understood to be lateralized in the left and the right hemispheric brain areas, respectively. Thus, analogous to the notion of pleiotropy where one gene can influence two or three unrelated traits, there exists a shared structural connectome encompassing both hemispheres underlying speech and melody processing, which however gets segregated along left vs right hemispheres, respectively. Here, we demonstrate how empirical observations of hemispheric specialization of speech and melody are shaped by the computational time-scales of information integration in cortical networks. First, we demonstrate that context-specific causal outflow of information emerging from primary auditory cortices (PAC) drives the hemispheric specialization of speech and melody processing when human volunteers listened toa cappellasongs placed within a delayed match to sample task while electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. Second, together with participant specific whole-brain connectome model guided by diffusion weighted imaging, we predicted individual specific lateralization indices of inflow in cortical sources - after rigorous source time series reconstruction of EEG spectra. High levels of accuracy in the prediction of laterality indices in the extended large-scale auditory related regions can be achieved after optimizing conduction speeds of information propagation over a neuro-oscillatory network - a novel way to interpret about the neural mechanisms. We demonstrate that parametric modulation of conduction speeds that effectively controls the transmission delays - a key metric for understanding information processing and control of any biological network. Thus, the transmission delay in turn, acts as the switch and triggered by the spectro-temporal complexity of the task context to select the geometry of lateralization.
Human Organoid Tumor Transplantation Identifies Functional Glioblastoma - Microenvironmental Communication Mediated by PTPRZ1
Authors: Ge Weihong , Kan Ryan L. , Yilgor Can , Fazzari Elisa , Nano Patricia R. , Azizad Daria J. , Li Matthew , Ito Joyce Y. , Tse Christopher , Tum Hong A. , Scholes Jessica , Patel Kunal S. , Nathanson David A. , Bhaduri Aparna
Published: May 2024

Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and deadly form of primary brain cancer, is driven by both intrinsic cellular properties and external factors from the tumor microenvironment. Here, we leverage our novel human organoid tumor transplantation (HOTT) system to explore how extrinsic cues modulate glioblastoma cell type specification, heterogeneity, and migration. We show that HOTT recapitulates the core features of major patient tumor cell types and key aspects of peritumor cell types, while providing a human microenvironment that uniquely enables perturbations in both the patient tumor and its microenvironment. Our exploration of patient tumor – microenvironmental interactions in HOTT highlighted PTPRZ1, a receptor tyrosine phosphatase implicated in tumor migration, as a key player in intercellular communication. We observed that tumor knockdown of PTPRZ1 recapitulated previously described roles in migration and maintaining progenitor identity. Unexpectedly, environmental PTPRZ1 knockdown drove opposite migration and cell fate changes in the tumor, even when the tumor was not manipulated. This previously undiscovered mode of tumor-microenvironmental communication highlights the need to study human glioblastoma in the context of a human microenvironment such as HOTT.
AgeML: Age modelling with Machine Learning
Authors: Garcia Condado Jorge , Tellaetxe Inigo , Cortes Jesus , Erramuzpe Asier
Published: May 2024

An approach to age modeling involves the supervised prediction of age using machine learning from subject features. The derived age metrics are used to study the relationship between healthy and pathological aging in multiple body systems, as well as the interactions between them. We lack a standard for this type of age modeling. In this work we developed AgeML, an OpenSource software for age-prediction from any type of tabular clinical data following well-established and tested methodologies. The objective is to set standards for reproducibility and standardization of reporting in supervised age modeling tasks. AgeML does age modeling, calculates age deltas, the difference between predicted and chronological age, measures correlations between age deltas and factors, visualizes differences in age deltas of different clinical populations and classifies clinical populations based on age deltas. With this software we are able to reproduce published work and unveil novel relationships between body organs and polygenetic risk scores. AgeML is age modeling made easy for standardization and reproducibility.