bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specifics of Russian-Chinese double degree programs
Authors: Kukharenko Sergei Vladimirovich
Published: July 2024

The object of the study is double degree programs realied at Russian universities. The subject of the study is the features of Russian-Chinese double degree programs. In this study, we limited ourselves to studying only the programs in which Russian students study; the education of Chinese students were not considered. The purpose of the study was to identify the features of double degree programs with Chinese universities in Russia. When analyzing double degree programs, information was used from the official websites of Russian universities implementing double degree programs in partnership with Chinese universities. The methods used were comparative analysis, extrapolation method, analysis and generalization of empirical data. When formulating conclusions and results of the work, theoretical methods of synthesis and systematization were used. Based on the study, it was concluded that the trends inherent in double degree programs implemented by Russian and Western universities for double degree programs are only partly similar to the trends of double degree programs implemented by Russian universities in partnership with Chinese universities, and in some points differ significantly. In particular, similar features include the prevalence of economic specializations. However, in the case of joint Russian-Chinese programs, the focus on economic specialization is even more pronounced. This focus is quite understandable by the rapid growth of the Chinese economy and the desire of Russian youth to connect their careers with work in the field of economic cooperation with China. In the case of Russian-Chinese double degree programs, a clear difference is the significant predominance of bachelor's programs over master's programs.
Variable models of designing the content of higher art education in China
Authors: Yu Wei
Published: July 2024

In modern higher art education, the variable part in the form of end-to-end modules becomes mandatory. The research topic is the design of a higher education program in modern China. The purpose of the study is to determine the pedagogical conditions in Chinese universities, which, under conditions of variability, contribute to the optimal design of higher artistic education programs for the realization of the goals of the educational process. The object of research is higher art education. The subject of the research is the design of a higher art education program in modern China in the context of the implementation of the principle of variability. The article examines the options for such a modular design of the content of art education in the People's Republic of China, highlights the main models of the educational process in the country's largest universities: the Central Academy of Drama, the Central Academy of Arts, the Chinese Music Conservatory, etc. The research methods correspond to the tasks set and include an analysis of the content of key terms and concepts, in particular "variability", an analysis of the structure and functioning of educational processes, for example, at the level of implementation of educational programs. The results of the application of the method of generalization of the educational and pedagogical experience of art universities of the People's Republic of China, as well as the author's personal observations of the educational process, are presented. In accordance with the set goal, the object and subject of the study are its tasks: to define the concept of "learning model" and "variability" based on the analysis of the discrete process of development of higher art education in the People's Republic of China; to identify the most relevant approaches in the People's Republic of China to the training of representatives of creative professions; to identify the main features of the construction of courses and disciplines in Chinese universities depending on on their pedagogical conditions and resources, experience and traditions. An important place in the study is to determine which program structures, methods and forms are most in demand, as well as to establish the place of professional disciplines in the educational process and their correlation with widespread cycles of general natural science and humanities disciplines.
Nucleotide binding to the ATP-cone in anaerobic ribonucleotide reductases allosterically regulates activity by modulating substrate binding
Authors: Bimai Ornella , Banerjee Ipsita , Rozman Grinberg Inna , Huang Ping , Hultgren Lucas , Ekström Simon , Lundin Daniel , Sjöberg Britt-Marie , Logan Derek T
Published: July 2024

A small, nucleotide-binding domain, the ATP-cone, is found at the N-terminus of most ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalytic subunits. By binding adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) it regulates the enzyme activity of all classes of RNR. Functional and structural work on aerobic RNRs has revealed a plethora of ways in which dATP inhibits activity by inducing oligomerisation and preventing a productive radical transfer from one subunit to the active site in the other. Anaerobic RNRs, on the other hand, store a stable glycyl radical next to the active site and the basis for their dATP-dependent inhibition is completely unknown. We present biochemical, biophysical, and structural information on the effects of ATP and dATP binding to the anaerobic RNR from Prevotella copri. The enzyme exists in a dimer–tetramer equilibrium biased towards dimers when two ATP molecules are bound to the ATP-cone and tetramers when two dATP molecules are bound. In the presence of ATP, P. copri NrdD is active and has a fully ordered glycyl radical domain (GRD) in one monomer of the dimer. Binding of dATP to the ATP-cone results in loss of activity and increased dynamics of the GRD, such that it cannot be detected in the cryo-EM structures. The glycyl radical is formed even in the dATP-bound form, but the substrate does not bind. The structures implicate a complex network of interactions in activity regulation that involve the GRD more than 30 Å away from the dATP molecules, the allosteric substrate specificity site and a conserved but previously unseen flap over the active site. Taken together, the results suggest that dATP inhibition in anaerobic RNRs acts by increasing the flexibility of the flap and GRD, thereby preventing both substrate binding and radical mobilisation.
Factorized visual representations in the primate visual system and deep neural networks
Authors: Lindsey Jack W , Issa Elias B
Published: July 2024

Object classification has been proposed as a principal objective of the primate ventral visual stream and has been used as an optimization target for deep neural network models (DNNs) of the visual system. However, visual brain areas represent many different types of information, and optimizing for classification of object identity alone does not constrain how other information may be encoded in visual representations. Information about different scene parameters may be discarded altogether (‘invariance’), represented in non-interfering subspaces of population activity (‘factorization’) or encoded in an entangled fashion. In this work, we provide evidence that factorization is a normative principle of biological visual representations. In the monkey ventral visual hierarchy, we found that factorization of object pose and background information from object identity increased in higher-level regions and strongly contributed to improving object identity decoding performance. We then conducted a large-scale analysis of factorization of individual scene parameters – lighting, background, camera viewpoint, and object pose – in a diverse library of DNN models of the visual system. Models which best matched neural, fMRI, and behavioral data from both monkeys and humans across 12 datasets tended to be those which factorized scene parameters most strongly. Notably, invariance to these parameters was not as consistently associated with matches to neural and behavioral data, suggesting that maintaining non-class information in factorized activity subspaces is often preferred to dropping it altogether. Thus, we propose that factorization of visual scene information is a widely used strategy in brains and DNN models thereof.
Target-specific requirements for RNA interference can arise through restricted RNA amplification despite the lack of specialized pathways
Authors: Knudsen-Palmer Daphne R , Raman Pravrutha , Ettefa Farida , De Ravin Laura , Jose Antony M
Published: July 2024

Since double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is effective for silencing a wide variety of genes, all genes are typically considered equivalent targets for such RNA interference (RNAi). Yet, loss of some regulators of RNAi in the nematode
C. elegans
can selectively impair the silencing of some genes. Here we show that such selective requirements can be explained by an intersecting network of regulators acting on genes with differences in their RNA metabolism. In this network, the Maelstrom domain-containing protein RDE-10, the intrinsically disordered protein MUT-16, and the Argonaute protein NRDE-3 work together so that any two are required for silencing one somatic gene, but each is singly required for silencing another somatic gene, where only the requirement for NRDE-3 can be overcome by enhanced dsRNA processing. Quantitative models and their exploratory simulations led us to find that (1) changing
cis
-regulatory elements of the target gene can reduce the dependence on NRDE-3, (2) animals can recover from silencing in non-dividing cells and (3) cleavage and tailing of mRNAs with UG dinucleotides, which makes them templates for amplifying small RNAs, is enriched within ‘pUG zones’ matching the dsRNA. Similar crosstalk between pathways and restricted amplification could result in apparently selective silencing by endogenous RNAs.
Feature extraction and pattern recognition of gas pipeline flow noise signals in a strong noisy background
Authors: Liu Enbin , Lu Chang , Wen Zhaorong , Hao Tianshu , Lu Xudong , Wang Lidong
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study is to put forward a feature extraction and pattern recognition method for the flow noise signal of natural gas pipelines in view of the complex situation brought by the rapid development and expansion of urban natural gas infrastructure in China, especially in the case that there are active and abandoned pipelines, metal and nonmetal pipelines, and natural gas, water and power pipelines coexist in the underground of the city. Because the underground situation is unknown, gas leakage incidents caused by natural gas pipeline rupture occur from time to time, posing a threat to personal safety. Therefore, the motivation of this study is to provide a feasible method to accelerate the aging, renewal and transformation of urban natural gas pipelines to ensure the safe operation of urban natural gas pipeline network and promote the high-quality development of urban economy. Through the combination of experimental test and numerical simulation, this study establishes a database of urban natural gas pipeline flow noise signals, and uses principal component analysis (PCA) to extract the characteristics of flow noise signals, and develops a mathematical model for feature extraction. Then, a classification and recognition model based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN) is constructed, which realizes the detection and recognition of convective noise signals. The research results show that the theoretical method based on acoustic feature analysis provides guidance for the orderly and safe construction of urban natural gas pipeline network and ensures its safe operation. The research conclusion shows that through the simulation analysis of 75 groups of gas pipeline flow noise under different working conditions. Combined with the experimental verification of ground flow noise signals, the feature extraction and pattern recognition method proposed in this study has a recognition accuracy of up to 97% under strong noise background, which confirms the accuracy of numerical simulation and provides theoretical basis and technical support for the detection and recognition of urban gas pipeline flow noise.
Knowledge enhanced bottom-up affordance grounding for robotic interaction
Authors: Qu Wen , Li Xiao , Jin Xiao
Published: July 2024

With the rapid advancement of robotics technology, an increasing number of researchers are exploring the use of natural language as a communication channel between humans and robots. In scenarios where language conditioned manipulation grounding, prevailing methods rely heavily on supervised multimodal deep learning. In this paradigm, robots assimilate knowledge from both language instructions and visual input. However, these approaches lack external knowledge for comprehending natural language instructions and are hindered by the substantial demand for a large amount of paired data, where vision and language are usually linked through manual annotation for the creation of realistic datasets. To address the above problems, we propose the knowledge enhanced bottom-up affordance grounding network (KBAG-Net), which enhances natural language understanding through external knowledge, improving accuracy in object grasping affordance segmentation. In addition, we introduce a semi-automatic data generation method aimed at facilitating the quick establishment of the language following manipulation grounding dataset. The experimental results on two standard dataset demonstrate that our method outperforms existing methods with the external knowledge. Specifically, our method outperforms the two-stage method by 12.98% and 1.22% of mIoU on the two dataset, respectively. For broader community engagement, we will make the semi-automatic data construction method publicly available at https://github.com/wmqu/Automated-Dataset-Construction4LGM.
In vitro cytoprotective and in vivo anti-oral mucositis effects of melatonin and its derivatives
Authors: Mahakunakorn Pramote , Sangchart Pimpichaya , Panyatip Panyada , Ratha Juthamat , Damrongrungruang Teerasak , Priprem Aroonsri , Puthongking Ploenthip
Published: July 2024

According to our preliminary study, melatonin and its N-amide derivatives (N-(2-(1-4-bromobenzoyl-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)acetamide (BBM) and 4-bromo-N-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl)benzamide (EBM)) inhibited the marker of acute inflammation in tests in vitro and in vivo. The anti-inflammatory agent is intended for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced toxicity. In this study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin and its derivatives on mechanisms related to chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis by in vitro ROS and 5-FU-induced human keratinocyte cells as well as in vivo oral mucositis model. In in vitro H2O2-induced HaCaT cells, BBM had the highest level of protection (34.57%) at a concentration 50 µM, followed by EBM (26.41%), and melatonin (7.9%). BBM also protected cells against 5-FU-induced to 37.69–27.25% at 12.5–100 µM while EBM was 36.93–29.33% and melatonin was 22.5–11.39%. In in vivo 5-FU-induced oral mucositis in mice, melatonin, BBM, and EBM gel formulations protected tissue damage from 5-FU similar to the standard compound, benzydamine. Moreover, the weight of mice and food consumption recovered more quickly in the BBM group. These findings suggested that it was possible to develop BBM and EBM as new therapeutic agents for the treatment of oral mucositis.
Exploring main soil drivers of vegetation succession in abandoned croplands of Minqin Oasis, China
Authors: Chang Li , Yi Shuhua , Qin Yu , Sun Yi , Zhang Huifang , Hu Jing , Li Kaiming , Yang Xuemei
Published: July 2024

Background

The Minqin Oasis, which is located in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, China, faces a very serious land desertification problem, with about 94.5% of its total area desertified. Accordingly, it is crucial to implement ecological restoration policies such as cropland abandonment in this region. In abandoned croplands, abiotic factors such as soil properties may become more important than biotic factors in driving vegetation succession. However, the connections between soil properties and vegetation succession remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, this study investigated these connections to explore major factors that affected vegetation succession, which is meaningful to designing management measures to restore these degraded ecosystems.

Methods

This study investigated seven 1–29-year-old abandoned croplands using the “space for time” method in Minqin Oasis. Vegetation succession was classified into different stages using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and two-way indicator species analysis (Twinspan). The link between soil properties and vegetation succession was analyzed using CCA. The primary factors shaping community patterns of vegetation succession were chosen by the “Forward selection” in CCA. The responses of dominant species to soil properties were analyzed using generalized additive models (GAMs).

Results

Dominant species turnover occurred obviously after cropland abandonment. Vegetation succession can be classified into three stages (i.e., early, intermediate, and late successional stages) with markedly different community composition and diversity. The main drivers of vegetation succession among soil properties were soil salinity and saturated soil water content and they had led to different responses of the dominant species in early and late successional stages. During the development of vegetation succession, community composition became simpler, and species diversity decreased significantly, which was a type of regressive succession. Therefore, measures should be adopted to manage these degraded, abandoned croplands.
Ursolic acid attenuates oligospermia in busulfan-induced mice by promoting motor proteins
Authors: Dong Jin , Ye Taowen , Dong Yanli , Hui Jie , Wang Xiaorong
Published: July 2024

Background

Oligospermia is one of the most common reasons for male infertility which is troubling numerous couples of child-bearing age. This investigation scrutinizes the implications and mechanistic underpinnings of ursolic acid’s effect on busulfan-induced oligospermia in mouse models.

Methods

A singular intraperitoneal injection of busulfan at a dosage of 30 mg/kg induced oligospermia. Two weeks subsequent to this induction, mice were subjected to various dosages of ursolic acid (10, 30, and 50 mg/kg body weight, respectively) on a daily basis for four consecutive weeks. Following this treatment period, a meticulous analysis of epididymal sperm parameters, encompassing concentration and motility, was conducted using a computer-assisted sperm analysis system. The histopathology of the mice testes was performed utilizing hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the cytoskeleton regeneration of the testicular tissues was analyzed via immunofluorescent staining. Serum hormone levels, including testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone, as well as reactive oxygen species levels (inclusive of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde), were gauged employing specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Differentially expressed genes of testicular mRNA between the oligospermia-induced group and the various ursolic acid treatment groups were identified through RNA sequencing analysis.

Results

The results revealed that a dosage of 50 mg/kg ursolic acid treatment could increase the concentration of epididymal sperm in oligospermia mice, promote the recovery of testicular morphology, regulate hormone levels and ameliorate oxidative damage. The mechanism research results indicated that ursolic acid increased the expression level of genes related to motor proteins in oligospermia mice.
Programa de Formación de Profesores Especialistas en Educación Rural
Authors: Burrows G. Fernando
Published: July 2024

Desde el año 1979 la Sede Villarrica y la facultad de Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, ejecutan un Proyecto de desarrollo Socio- Educativo de Comunidades Mapuches (PEDRI-CHILE) inicialmente inserto en el Proyecto Especial de Educación de Adultos y Desarrollo Rural Integrado  que ejecutara la O.E.A. con la participación de varios países de América latina. Este Proyecto se ha orientado fundamentalmente a contribuir, desde el sector educación, al desarrollo de comunidades rurales de concentración mapuche, teniendo como principias orientadores de su acción.
Experiencias Rapanui en Educación Bilingüe.
Authors: Paoa Emilia
Published: July 2024

Se trató de lograr la participación de profesores hablantes que rompieran el esquema de enseñanza tradicional en el que el alumno era despojado de la posibilidad de ser comprendido por el profesor monolingüe de castellano, era el que se sacrificaba tratando de comprenderle a éste. El objetivo central del proyecto fue, pues, enseñarles a leer y a escribir en Rapanui, para lo cual hubo que diferenciar a los hablantes de los monolingües de castellano. Se adecuó la asignatura de castellano para cumplir este objetivo.  Con ello se intentó recoger las inquietudes de los niños que conversaban su cultura y atender a aquéllos que, por hablar muy poco castellano, eran considerados por los profesores como si fueran tontos.
Cinco años de Educación Indígena en Nicaragua.
Authors: Mora M. Fernando
Published: July 2024

Este programa nació gestado y aprobado al interior de cada una de las etnias y hoy se encuentra inscrito en el marco del proyecta de autoafirmación, autonomía y cohesión nacional, bajo la definición, con rango  constitucional de nación pluriétnica,  única y soberana.  Este programa no se considera un fin en si mismo , sino que es un medio para actualizar las potencialidades culturales, creativas y organizacionaIes de las diversas etnias en el marco de las definiciones que, sobre autonomía. se discutieron en el órgano legislativo de la nación. dando origen a la ''Ley de Autonomía de los Pueblos indígenas".
The Differential Diagnosis and Physiotherapeutic Treatment of Piriformis Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cardim Janaína Moraes , Santos Diana Martins , Quaresma Elisangela Carneiro , Silva Leandro Franklim Silva Da , Silva Regina Dos Santos , Silva Renata Dos Santos , Junior Paulo Dias Rodrigues , Monteiro Sandriele Mougo , Salgado Daniele , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier
Published: July 2024

Piriformis syndrome is a neuromuscular pathology that occurs when the piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve, causing it to become irritated. The piriformis muscle is located in the gluteal region and originates in the anterior part of the sacrum, so piriformis syndrome is characterized by pain in the gluteal region, which can radiate to the lower limbs, being confused with symptoms of other pathologies such as herniated discs and sciatica. Piriformis syndrome can occur due to various factors, including muscle spasms, trauma, anatomical abnormalities and excessive activity. The main symptoms of this pathology include unilateral pain in the gluteal region which can radiate to the lower limb, causing muscle weakness and numbness in the affected lower limb. Diagnosing this condition is challenging, as the symptoms overlap with other musculoskeletal conditions. However, with orthopedic tests and muscle stretches, clinical examinations and imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging, a diagnosis can be made. Therefore, this syndrome is a condition that can affect the quality of life of affected patients, which is why physiotherapy plays an extremely important role in the treatment of this syndrome through specific therapeutic plans for each patient. This article, therefore, aims to contribute significantly to knowledge of the importance of physiotherapy in the diagnosis and treatment of piriformis syndrome, in a systematic review.
Efficacy of Some Pre- and Post-Emergence Herbicides for Weed Management and their Effects on Yield and Yield Attributes in Rainy Season Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.) Crop
Authors: Bushra  , S.K.Guru
Published: July 2024

Green gram (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important and extensively cultivated crops in India. The average productivity of this crop is very low and one of the main reasons is competition from weeds. Yield reduction in green gram due to weed infestation ranges between 30-85%. Thus, effective weed management is an important key factor for enhancing the productivity of green gram. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted duringrainy season of 2022 at the G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to evaluate the effect of eight different herbicides for weed management in green gram genotype Pant mung-6.The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The herbicide treatments consisted of pendimethalin (30% EC) 750 g.a.i/ha,  fenoxprop-p-ethyl (9.3%EC) 67.5g.a.i/ha, fluazifop-p-butyl (13.4%EC) 125 g.a.i/ha, imazethapyr (10%SL) 75g.a.i/ha, propaquizafop (10%EC) 100g.a.i/ha, quizalofop-ethyl (5%EC) 50g.a.i/ha, fluazifop-p-butyl (11.1%) 150 g.a.i/ha +Fomesafen (11.1%EC) 250 g.a.i/ha, and sodium acifluorfen (16.5)%+ clodinafoppropargyl  (8% EC) 80+165 g.a.i./ha. One weedy check and twice hand weeding (at 20 and 45 DAS) were also included in treatment. Major weed species found infesting the crop were C.rotundous, Trianthema portulacastrum, Elusine indica, Digitaria sanguinalis, Digeria arvensis, Celosia argentea, Mollugo pentaphylla and P. niruri. All the herbicide treatments recorded significantly lower weed density than the weedy check. Among the herbicides, pendimethalin (0.75 kg/ha) as pre-emergence, post-emergence application of Imazethapyr (75g/ha) and ready mix product of sodium acifluorfen + clodinafop-propargyl (80+165g/ha) provided excellent weed control with a WCE of more than 85%. Grain yield of mung bean was also highest in these treatments.
Effects of Organic Amendments on Soil Chemistry, Fauna Diversity, and Pepper Growth in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa
Authors: Edwige-Gwladys Gnimassoun Kawojou , B. Bolou-Bi Emile , Djakaridja Ouattara Miyeni
Published: July 2024

Soil is a non-renewable resource that performs many vital functions. Over-exploitation of soil by farmers leads to soil degradation such as acidification or organic matter lost. To find sustainable soil fertility management techniques, three types of organic matter (compost, compost combined with fungi, bacteria and yeast, and biochar) were applied to the soil. This study evaluates and compares the effect of various organic amendment on the soil fertility under pepper. A field trial was carried out in a randomized block design with four treatments (T0, T1, T2 and T3) and repeated three times in the Agboville department, located in Côte d’Ivoire. Growth and productivity parameters were measured during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, soil and plant samples were taken for chemical analysis and to determine soil fauna. The results show that the various treatments had little impact on soil chemical parameters. As for the soil fauna, results indicated a low level of biological activity under all treatments. However, a comparison of organic matter types shows that the compost-based treatment (T1) had a relative positive impact on pepper growth and production parameters, compared with the biochar treatment (T3), microorganism-based compost (T2) and control (T0) treatments. With a view to intensifying pepper production, it would be advisable to continue this work with long-term experiments while increasing the doses of organic matter applied to the soil.
Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Different Cultivars of China Aster (Callistephus chinensis L.) in Hilly Terrain
Authors: Parmar Shilpa , Sandhu Shakshita , Saurabh Amit , Ahir Megha , Kamboj Akashdeep , Rawat Anand Singh
Published: July 2024

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of varieties and growth regulators on seed yield and quality parameters in the hilly terrain. The experiment was laid in a factorial randomised block design (RBD). The study was conducted at the Kakhali Research Farm of DKSGACA, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Himachal Pradesh, during kharif season of 2023. Twenty treatments were constituted using two factors, namely varieties viz., Arka Kamini and Arka Archana, and different levels of plant growth regulators viz., GA3 (100, 150 and 200 ppm), NAA (25, 50 and 75 ppm) and CCC (500, 750 and 1000 ppm) with control. The observations for the seed yield and quality parameters were observed and analyzed i.e., the number of seeds per flower head (g), seed yield per hectare (g), test weight (g), germination percentage (%), speed of germination (days), germination uniformity and seedling length (cm). The number of seed flower head-1(166.33), seed yield ha-1 (131.41 kg) and germination percentage (81.0 %) were found to be maximum in cv. Arka Kamini, whereas for test weight (24.80 g) and Seedling length (4.60 cm) cv. Arka Archana was found to be best. In case growth regulators, GA3 at 200 ppm was found to be best for seed yield ha-1, test weight and germination percentage, NAA at 100 ppm for the number of seed flower head-1 and CCC at 500 ppm for seedling length. Whereas, the number of seed flower head-1, seed yield ha-1, test weight and germination percentage were found to be maximum in the interactive effect of Arka Kamini and GA3 at 200 ppm. For the study, it was observed that all seed yield and quality parameters of China aster except the speed of germination and germination uniformity were significantly influenced by the varieties, plant growth regulators and their interactions. This study will directly help the seed industry and flower growers by enhancing seed production and quality and improving their economic condition.
Temporal Dynamics of Induced Enzymes in Finger Millet: The Impact of Neem Leaf Extract and Brevibacillus brevis in Blast Disease Management
Authors: R L Neethukrishna , Arunasri P , Hemalatha T M , Jyosthna M K , Madhavilatha L , Reddikumar M
Published: July 2024

Ragi or finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner) is one of the common millets in several regions of India. The present study investigated enzymatic responses of finger millet leaves upon inoculation with the blast pathogen, Pyricularia grisea Sacc. and subsequent treatments with bio-agent, botanical, fungicide and salicylic acid. Enzymatic responses viz., β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and lipoxygenase (LOX) were examined spectrophotometrically (at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment), which are pivotal components of the plant defense system. The pathogen was inoculated at twenty-one days old seedlings and immediately upon symptom development, the treatments were imposed. Treatments included seedling root dip and foliar spray with bacterial antagonist, Brevibacillus brevis; foliar spray with neem leaf extract (1500 ppm), carbendazim 12%+ mancozeb 63% (500 ppm) and salicylic acid (50 μM), challenged and unchallenged control. The results revealed that the enzymatic response of β-1,3-glucanase exhibited its highest activity at 24 hours post-treatment in foliar spray with neem leaf extract, whereas chitinase activity reached its maximum at 72 hours post-treatment with neem leaf extract, with a value of 0.75 µg glucose min-1 mg-1 protein. Lipoxygenase enzyme showed its peak activity at 48 hours post-treatment with neem leaf extract, showing a significant increase from 264.72 to 474.62 µmol/HPO/min compared to other treatments.
Musculoskeletal Structures in Injuries, Recovery and Applicable Treatments: A Literature Review
Authors: Lopes Gabriela dos Santos , Freitas Ana Maria Cardoso de , Fonseca Adaelson Machado , Silva Edwan Farias e , Queiroz Maria das Graças de Jesus Souza , Rodrigues Paulo André Miranda , Santos Rayane Lobato dos , Barros Reinaldo Miranda , Lima Vitor Hugo Auzier
Published: July 2024

This article sought to provide a comprehensive and integrated view of the process of musculoskeletal injury and its rehabilitation, highlighting the importance of understanding the different tissues involved, biomechanical aspects and the appropriate choice of therapeutic resources to promote effective and functional recovery of patients. An extensive bibliographic survey was carried out, in which studies whose objectives and content were aligned with the aims of this research were carefully selected. The methodology employed consisted of a wide-ranging review of the specialised literature on the subject in question using the databases of the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, PublicMedline, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on Line, Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar and books. The review provided up-to-date information on the musculoskeletal structures involved in injuries, recovery strategies and available treatments. It highlighted the importance of a multidisciplinary and personalised approach to effective patient recovery, taking into account the particularities of each injury and the need for an individualised rehabilitation plan. It is hoped that this review will contribute to expanding knowledge in this area and help to improve the care provided.
Salinity Stress in Legume Crops: A Comprehensive Review of Effects, Mechanisms, and Mitigation Strategies
Authors: Chaudhary Sahil B , Gujjar Deshraj , Kumar Bijendra , Patel Smit , Simran
Published: July 2024

Salinity stress poses a significant challenge to global crop production, particularly in regions relying heavily on irrigation. This review explores the detrimental impacts of salt stress on grain legumes, crucial plants renowned for their high protein content and nitrogen-fixing ability. The increasing use of saline groundwater and the accumulation of soil salts threaten the sustainability of legume cultivation worldwide. Salt stress disrupts fundamental physiological processes in legumes, including photosynthesis, hormone regulation, and nutrient uptake, resulting in substantial reductions in yield and quality. It exacerbates osmotic stress and ion toxicity, severely compromising plant health and productivity. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying salt tolerance in grain legumes is pivotal for developing effective mitigation strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the tolerance mechanisms employed by legumes to cope with salt stress. It examines various management approaches aimed at enhancing their resilience under saline conditions. Key findings highlight that salt stress can lead to over 70% reductions in growth and variable decreases in yield and mineral absorption rates. Innovative strategies such as genetic engineering of transgenic varieties and advanced crop management practices offer promising avenues to enhance salt tolerance and boost legume productivity on salinity-affected soils. Furthermore, insights into mechanisms such as ion compartmentalization and ion excretion provide critical pathways for developing salt-resistant legume cultivars.  Apoplastic acidification emerges as a reliable indicator of salt stress resistance in these plants. By elucidating these mechanisms and strategies, this review contributes to the ongoing efforts aimed at safeguarding legume production and global food security in the face of escalating salinity stress.
Impact of Seed Priming and Fertilizer Levels on Quality, Yield and Economics of Rabi Maize
Authors: Choudhary Khemendra , Pankhaniya Ramesh M. , Choudhary Mahendra , Choudhary Raghuveer , Pareek Akshay , Ram Ganesha , Gurjar Satya Narayan
Published: July 2024

The present investigation was conducted during the rabi season of 2019-20 at College of Agriculture, NAU, Navsari to study the “Effect of seed priming and fertilizer levels on rabi maize under south Gujarat condition”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with ten treatment combinations consisting of two factors which consists seed priming, Control (No priming), Seed priming with water for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KCl for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KMnO4 for 12 hrs., Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs and fertilizer levels, 75% RDF (112.5+45+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) and 100 RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatments are replicated three times. The result indicated Seed priming with 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs recorded significantly higher grain yield (46.75 q/ha), straw yield (85.43 q/ha), harvest index (35.23%), protein yield (567.20 kg/ha), net return (₹ 74618/ha) and B:C ratio (2.24) as compared to other treatments. In case of fertilizer levels recorded significantly higher grain yield (46.91 q/ha), straw yield (86.94 q/ha), harvest index (34.99%), protein content (12.41 %), protein yield (584.23 kg/ha), net return (₹74742/ha) and B:C ratio (2.33) in treatment of 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha). Treatment combination S5F2 (KH2PO4 at 0.5 % for 12 hrs. with 100% RDF i.e., 150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) recorded significantly higher grain yield (52.80q/ha), straw yield (91.14 q/ha), harvest index (36.68%), Protein yield (686.56 kg/ha) net return (₹86657/ha) and B:C ratio (2.56) as compared to other treatments. Thus a combination of Seed priming 0.5% KH2PO4 for 12 hrs with 100% RDF (150+60+00, N: P2O5: K2O kg/ha) helps in increasing grain yield, straw yield, harvest index, protein yield, net return and B:C ratio of rabi maize without negative influence on plant and the environment.
Direito de escolha do paciente na questão das transfusões de sangue: uma visão filosófica e da jurisprudência recente
Authors: Gimenes Nilson Roberto da Silva
Published: July 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo empreender algumas reflexões filosóficas, baseadas principalmente nos ensinamentos de Jürgen Habermas, e que possam ser aplicáveis à resolução da questão do direito do paciente de recusar transfusões de sangue, à luz das ideias de autonomia da vontade, do respeito à individualidade, da laicidade do Estado e da racionalidade dialética segundo o modelo de ação comunicativa e também através da possibilidade subjetiva de formulação das pretensões universais de validade, para, em seguida, adotar a metodologia da análise de algumas decisões da jurisprudência brasileira recente que evidenciam uma mudança de posicionamento para o cultivo da empatia e do respeito à alteridade, o que implica na observância da aplicação destas reflexões na tomada de decisões a favor dos direitos do paciente quanto à opção de tratamento e à autodeterminação sobre o seu próprio corpo, seja ele atendido pelo serviço público de saúde ou pela iniciativa privada médica.
RAZOABILIDADE
Authors: Pádua Sérgio Rodrigo de , Lorenzetto Bruno Meneses
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo analisa a razoabilidade, com ênfase para o desenvolvimento deste a partir da legislação e das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal, passando-se à constatação da existência seis facetas do fenômeno. A abordagem para a estruturação de razoabilidade utiliza categorias teóricas da argumentação jurídica, em especial de Neil MacCormick, e estudo do caso Wednesbury para a definição do teste de idoneidade lógica no sentido estabelecer congruência entre a base fática e o direito que a permeia no momento da interpretação jurídica. Este estudo trata-se de pesquisa que é qualitativa (análise do teste de Wednesbury a partir da teoria da argumentação), aplicada (contribui para a construção de modelo de razoabilidade adequado), descritiva quanto aos objetivos (descreve o funcionamento do teste de idoneidade lógica inerente à razoabilidade) e bibliográfica e documental quanto aos procedimentos (faz uma análise de estudos prévios sobre o tema e de diplomas legais). Os resultados demonstram que: a teoria acerca da razoabilidade demanda maior estudo no Brasil, especialmente no que se refere aos seis testes de razoabilidade indicados na pesquisa; que é possível se fazer uma aproximação entre os testes de absurdidade, arbitrariedade, perversidade e capricho, advindos da fórmula Wednesbury, e a ideia de razoabilidade desenvolvida no Brasil, definindo-se o teste de idoneidade lógica.
COMPORTAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO NA GESTÃO DA PROVA JUDICIAL
Authors: Vieira Arruda Achtschin Leonardo
Published: July 2024

O processo civil brasileiro prevê que o magistrado, no momento do saneamento do processo, decida sobre as provas que serão produzidas para provar os fatos alegados pelas partes. Levando-se em conta que o magistrado age como agente racional, pode-se afirmar que sua atuação na produção da prova se dá conforme uma análise custo-benefício. A problemática do artigo parte do questionamento se o juiz adota um comportamento estratégico na gestão da prova no processo judicial cível. Para respondê-la, a análise divide-se em duas partes. Na primeira, analisa-se a teoria da escolha racional como embasamento do comportamento estratégico do juiz. Na segunda, examina-se o comportamento estratégico do juiz à luz da teoria dos jogos, explorando-se essa teoria como modelo para a compreensão desse tipo de comportamento por parte do magistrado. O método utilizado é o qualitativo-teórico, auxiliado instrumentalmente pela teoria dos jogos. Ao final, conclui-se que o juiz se comporta estrategicamente na gestão da prova em cenários de processos sujeitos ao recurso de apelação.
O MARTELO E A REVANCHE DOS PREGOS: EXAMINANDO OS CONCEITOS DE MUNDO DE HEIDEGGER E DESCARTES
Authors: SCHURIG ALESSANDRA CAVALCANTE SCHERMA
Published: July 2024

O artigo apresenta uma discussão centrada nos parágrafos 14 a 24 da obra Ser e Tempo, exibindo a contraposição entre os conceitos de mundo conforme apresentados na ontologia cartesiana e a fenomenologia ontológica heideggeriana, em uma discussão que é essencial para a compreensão do debate sobre o problema ser-ente, essencial para os mais recentes debates acerca do renascimento do positivismo lógico e da ciência como detentora da verdade sobre o ser. A árida exposição filosófica é temperada com o recurso a maneiras não usuais de se entender um martelo e suas possíveis funções, recorrendo à arte para apresentar um novo olhar sobre o "martelo fenomenológico".
GLOBALIZAÇÃO DIGITAL E DESENVOLVIMENTO:
Authors: De Carvalho Ramos André , Bucci Daniela
Published: July 2024

Com a globalização e o desenvolvimento tecnológico, especialmente com o advento da Internet e a criação de ferramentas de acesso, a informação passa a ter um valor estratégico na sociedade. A perspectiva econômica inicial ligada à ideia de globalização se funde com a nova sociedade de informação e com a democratização da Internet. Nessa perspectiva, é necessário repensar as necessidades sociais, a preservação de direitos e as assimetrias identificadas entre os atores que participam dessas novas relações. Assim, o presente estudo se propõe a analisar a relação entre a globalização, desenvolvimento e defesa de direitos na era digital, considerando os novos desafios dessa relação, trazendo ao debate temas, tais como, direito ao trabalho, direito ao desenvolvimento, direito à liberdade de informação e de expressão, entre outros, e conflitos entre direitos. A análise da legislação nacional e internacional, bem como o papel da jurisdição nacional na regulação da Internet para a garantia de direitos é essencial para alcançar o objetivo proposto.
IDENTIDADE CULTURAL E HOSPITALIDADE: UMA ANÁLISE DERRIDIANA DAS DINÂMICAS GLOBAIS
Authors: Borba Rogerio , Costa Eccard Ana Flavia
Published: July 2024

Este artigo investiga as complexas dinâmicas interculturais contemporâneas, centrando-se nas ideias do filósofo Jacques Derrida. O objeto de estudo abrange a concepção derridiana de hospitalidade incondicional, identidade cultural e a crítica ao logocentrismo, explorando os desafios políticos e jurídicos associados a essas proposições. O objetivo é analisar a interconexão entre essas temáticas, compreendendo a hospitalidade incondicional como um modelo de acolhimento desprovido de imposições e ancorado na impossibilidade derridiana. A metodologia envolve uma análise aprofundada dos escritos de Derrida, destacando as nuances das relações interculturais na contemporaneidade. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de repensar as relações democráticas, reconhecendo a alteridade como condição fundamental para uma identidade ética e não egocêntrica. Conclui-se que a compreensão da hospitalidade incondicional e sua relação com a identidade cultural oferece insights cruciais para lidar com as transformações culturais e as complexidades das relações humanas na atualidade.
LA RESPONSABILIDAD DEL ESTADO EN LA PROTECCIÓN DE LA PROPIEDAD COLECTIVA, DE LOS DERECHOS POLÍTICOS Y CULTURALES DE LAS COMUNIDADES INDÍGENAS: EL CASO DEL PUEBLO INDÍGENA U’WA, LA PRESERVACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y CULTURAL DE LA ANCESTRALIDAD
Authors: Marcela Muñoz Ceron Yenifer , De Santana Gordilho Heron José
Published: July 2024

No presente artigo, estuda-se a responsabilidade do Estado na preservação ambiental, cultural e social das comunidades indígenas, a partir da análise do caso do povo indígena U’wa, o qual foi o primeiro a chegar à Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos para tratar da violação dos direitos territoriais e culturais dos povos indígenas na Colômbia. Essa comunidade não conseguiu usufruir de suas terras de forma pacífica devido a várias concessões de exploração realizadas ao longo dos anos, resultando em violações de seus direitos à consulta e participação, à propriedade coletiva e ao acesso à informação, colocando em risco suas condições ambientais, sociais e a sobrevivência de suas tradições culturais e espirituais. A metodologia utilizada é a dogmática, por meio da qual são propostas diferentes estratégias para proteger os direitos das comunidades indígenas, analisando normas, doutrina e jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, considerando fatores jurídicos e culturais relevantes para os povos indígenas
UM OLHAR SISTÊMICO SOBRE O IPTU VERDE EM SALVADOR-BA EM SUA FUNÇÃO TRIBUTÁRIA AMBIENTAL
Authors: Oliveira Eric , Correia de Oliveira Jadson
Published: July 2024

O Direito constitucional tributário e suas vertentes, ao mesmo tempo em que fornece importantes ferramentas para o atingimento de objetivos constitucionais, encontra no próprio texto constitucional grandes limitações, neste espeque a presente pesquisa busca compreender os elementos e características fundamentais da tributação ambiental através de uma análise estritamente constitucional sistêmica, ou ‘técnico-jurídica’, da norma tributária IPTU (imposto predial territorial urbano) ‘Verde’ no âmbito de Salvador BA. Intenta-se solucionar a seguinte questão: Seria o IPTU ‘Verde’ compatível com os elementos constitucionais próprios de um ‘tributo ambiental’? Para tal fez-se necessária à utilização de um encadeamento lógico-sistemática de elementos legados pela doutrina constitucional tributária e do método de pesquisa lógico-dedutivo, de modo a sistematizar os principais elementos da norma em estudo e levá-las ao falseamento frente aos elementos definidores do ‘tributo ambiental’. Conclui-se que a norma em estudo reúne elementos capazes de qualificá-la enquanto norma tributária ambiental, sobretudo na sua perspectiva enquanto norma indutora de comportamentos, é dizer na sua perspectiva extrafiscal, enquanto estímulo a práticas que promovem a proteção do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado.