bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consequences Of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy
Authors: Rehman Shakila A. , Shahid Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Although gender-based violence is prevalent in all societies however it is more widespread in Pakistan. Women of all ages, from birth to old age, are victims of violence. The consequences of gender-based violence are devastating not only for women but for the whole family. Violence against women is mostly treated as a private matter and hence goes unreported and thus its actual prevalence remains little known. There are many forms of gender-based-violence. Among these, violence during pregnancy is some what less discussed. The present study examines some aspects of violence during pregnancy by the husband, and looks at its health consequences. The study was conducted in a Katchi abadi (unauthorized settlement) of Karachi, among poor women. Findings show that prevalence of violence by husbands during pregnancy is high among study population.
M-Learning in Higher Education: Exploring the Gender Based Faculty Performance of Business Schools in Pakistan
Authors: Manzoor Salman , Sarwar Samiullah , Asim Muhammad
Published: June 2020

This study aims to observe the influence of inclusion of mobile learning in Business Schools on students’ performance and gender based faculty members’ performance in business schools in Karachi, Pakistan. The functions offered in mobile phones include the access to information of real-time, medium of communication, and host of affordances. Nevertheless, along with the opportunities and incentives the mobile devices carry opportunities for students to involve in academic dishonesty, deviation and distraction from the assigned tasks. By employing quantitative research method, this study tends to conduct an experiment to explore if faculty members in business schools perform differently based on their different genders with the inclusion of mobile learning. The result of the study reveals no difference between the performance of male and female faculty members with the inclusion of mobile learning by implementing the Google Class into their regular classes. Therefore, this study recommends the academic leaders, curriculum designers, and educationists in the field of business education to pay attention on the inclusion of mobile learning, as it is equally beneficial to students and faculty members regardless of their different genders.
Changing Gender Roles And Personality Development
Authors: Manzoor Asma , Ali Saba Imran
Published: June 2020

Despite the many differences among individuals, there are certain basic commonalities in our lives, of which the most obvious is that we are living beings: we are born, we grow, and eventually we die. This much, we all share and we all know it. This study examines theoretical construct of gender roles in the context of social and behavioral norms. This paper also discusses the development of one's personality. Based on a combination of the opinions of experts and observations, the paper contends that all human personality development is variable and different. The paper also claims that personality development springs from complicated interactions of 'nature' and 'nurture' plus outside environmental characteristics, such as social and cultural expectations, peer group interactions and the influences of teachers and other relatives.
IMF Conditionalties And Feminization Of Poverty
Authors: Bano Nafisa , Abrar Naheed
Published: June 2020

When the International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established as a part of United Nations (UN) System, it aroused hopes for the futures. The developed world in general and developing world in particular expected that the IMF would come for rescue during crisis times. However hopes turned into disillusionment, when IMF offered its conditionalities along with monetary help and assistance. Soon after, critical studies regarding IMF Conditionalities and their impact upon the receiving states proliferated all around. Unfortunately, the global debate about IMF Conditionalities neglected the effect of such conditionalities upon the women and it is only recently that the issue has been taken up for research and study. Clearly, need for serious and scholarly works is there. Keeping in view, this paper focuses on the impact of IMF Conditionalities on women. It, however, also deals with a related issue: Do the countries have to accept such conditionalities which might affect the women adversely?
Public Perception About Honour Killing: A Case Study Of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province – Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Shakeel , Barkatullah Samia , Arif Muhammad
Published: June 2020

To regulate the male and female sexual conduct, every society has approved channels, based on cultural value. Those who violate these codes of conduct are subject to social penalty irrespective of gender. Honour Killing is a type of social penalty, awarded to the violator of Honour. The concept of Honour varies from society to society and culture to culture. It is associated with sexuality, money, property, country, dignity and women. It is believed that ten of hundreds of women and men are killed on the pretext of either having actual illicit sex or perceived sex relation. To probe the nature and causes of the issue, an empirical study was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province has an estimated population of roughly 21 million. The largest ethnic group is the Pashtuns who form about twothirds of the population. Pushtun who are also spelled Pakhtun or Pathan. Pashtuns love strong moral character. They do not allow moral corruption. For this research qualitative and quantitative data was collected through structured and unstructured interview guide. A total of 60 respondents were selected through stratified and purposive sampling techniques. Similarly, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 out of 60 respondents for obtaining genuine information on the issue. It was found; that Honour killing is culturally induced, practiced and demonstrated on violation of sexual code of conduct. It is an old practice which exists since time unknown. This practice has been projected by media and human rights activist. Religions have no place for such killing. Islam stresses on prevention from sexual deviancy. It is not a social problem of NWFP, because its frequency is low as compared to other social problems.
Impact Of Internet In Education And Social Empowerment Of Women In Pakistan
Authors: Khan M. Sadiq Ali
Published: June 2020

The Internet is one of the utmost current expansions in the globe of information technology and has turn into a functional apparatus that has cultivated the course of making the globe a worldwide community. Information Technology fulfils the communication gap and ensures the effective distance learning. Due to information technology the thought process of the person, especially in the education sector has been changed. People now are well aware of all the important technological aspects which can help them in their research area by means of strong search engines, research based tools and efficient analysis techniques. The medium is especially useful for empowerment of women in developing countries. The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of Internet usage on women in Pakistan. The result of study revealed that women in Pakistan are actively using the Internet for education, research and social interaction which gives them more active role in relatively a conservative society.
Labour Laws And Women Workers Of The Export Processing Zones In Karachi
Authors: Manzoor Asma , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

The selection of Karachi Export Promotion Zone (EPZ) is inspired by the fact that this city being the centre of industrial and economic activity attracts an everincreasing number of job seekers from across the country. EPZs are an integral part of the expanding global market. Procurement of cheap and easy-to-control labour are the prerequisites of a market-based economy. Concentration of markets in developed countries and the establishment of production units in the less developed or slow developing countries mirrors political power imbalance. As women are the focus of this study, the assessment of the status of female factory workers is the centre point of this paper. Whereas women have always been part of waged-work outside the home, the phenomenon of women factory workers is a product of the World Wars, which encouraged women to work in factories as men were on the war front. This paper draws upon a research whose findings are not dramatically different from similar studies conducted elsewhere, however it presents a fresh perspective on the experiences of women working in a poor country. This paper presents both quantitative as well as qualitative data about 330 women working in 25 industrial units of varying production capacities. The paper also examines the absence of the phenomenon of labour laws in the Karachi Export Processing Zone and examines its impact on the lives of women workers.
Psychological Effects Of Recurrent Miscarriage On Women
Authors: Manzoor Asma , Nasreen Shagufta , Ali Aliyah , Hashmi Syed Faisal
Published: June 2020

This study tries to explore the psychological, social and emotional experiences of the women who have gone through the recurrent miscarriages. Although miscarriage is seen as common and occurs frequently in otherwise healthy women and in most of the cases the reasons are never known. The phenomenon of miscarriage does not qualify as a disease or even a medical condition. The purpose of this study is to gain a more comprehensive view of the psychological and emotional experiences, the behavioural changes and both supportive and unsupportive factors following miscarriage.
Encouraging Women Entrepreneurship In Pakistan: A Systematic Analysis Of The Impact Of Entrepreneurial Activities On The Lifestyle Of Women
Authors: Rauf Samina , Shah Nasreen Aslam
Published: June 2020

Considerable researcher has been carried out for the identification of the barriers faced by women entrepreneurs in Pakistan and how these barriers can be removed. Moreover, the research has also attempted to establish the impact of entrepreneurial activities on the lifestyle of women. Qualitative research technique has been employed for the analysis of the data. It was established from results obtained that after starting the business, lifestyle of women entrepreneurs has improved substantially.
The Erasure Of A Mad And An Infamous Mother In Jean Rhys’s Wide Sargasso Sea
Authors: Baig Mirza Muhammad Zubair
Published: June 2020

The character of Bertha Mason has been stereotyped as a “madwoman in the attic” in Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre (1847).” Jean Rhys in her novel “Wide Sargasso Sea (1966),” has tried to re-inscribe her character as Antoinette by analyzing how the imperialist and patriarchal forces led a woman from the wide world of Sargasso Sea to the attic of Thornfield Hall England. My contention to this corrective process of rewriting as rerighting is that, in an effort to authenticate Antoinette’s character, this writing has othered Annette, Antoinette’s mother, and has, in return, created another madwoman who has been left unattended in the plot that should have written back to the canon instead of furthering canonical images.
Exploring The Reasons Of Discontinuation Of Practicing Medicine Among Female Medical Students In Karachi
Authors: Shah Nasreen Aslam , Nasreen Shagufta , Manzoor Asma
Published: June 2020

From the late nineteenth century onwards, women in both industrial and nonindustrial countries have entered the most skilled and up to date branches of professions. The number has increased but in some fields women are dominating. The medical profession is one such field in which women are concentrated. The ratio is alike in Pakistan where girls dominate enrolment in medical colleges. More than 70% of students are females in medical colleges in urban areas especially Punjab and Sindh. Regrettably, not all of them end up practicing medicine. The objective of the study was to explore the reason for the high drop out. The study was conducted with a total 60 female medical graduates from different government and private hospitals of Karachi. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to do face to face interviews. The results show that most of them leave due to marriage and home responsibilities. The medical field has its own demands and to fulfill those responsibilities family, society and institutions have to help the woman medical profession to manage it. Otherwise, a human resource will be lost every year. It is also important to review the policies from time to time because to fulfill the needs of health services it is a reality that we need more doctors.
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi on South Kalimantan Serpentine Soil
Authors: Hermawan Rudy , Imaningsih Witiyasti , Badruzsaufari Badruzsaufari
Published: June 2020

Serpentine soil contains highly heavy metals, such as manganese, chromium, cobalt, and nickel,which could bean inappropriate growthmediaofmostplants. Someplants thatfound able to grow optimally on South Kalimantan serpentine soil have been known to do association with ectomycorrhizal fungi. This research aimed to obtain and characterize mushrooms assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi indigenous South Kalimantan serpentine soil. This study used field exploration of fungal fruiting bodies and identified the genus based on morphological characters of fruiting bodies such as shape, size, and ornamentation, which are unique for the genus identification, then compared the characteristics on mushroomexpert.com. The mushrooms were also confirmed of genera assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi based on mycorrhizas.info. Seven fruiting bodies were obtained and classified as Cantharellus (Ct), Chlorophyllum (Ch1 and Ch2), Lycoperdon (Ly), Ramaria (Rm1 and Rm2), and Thelephora (Tp). The results showed that all of those fruiting bodies belong to Basidiomycetes. There were 4 genera of Cantharellus, Lycoperdon, Ramaria, and Thelephora, assumed as ectomycorrhizal fungi. But Chlorophyllum genus was never reported as ectomycorrhizal fungus
Prinsip Perintah Yesus untuk Menjadikan Murid Berdasarkan Matius 28:16-20
Authors: Oni Oni
Published: June 2020

Gospel preaching is the duty of every believer to be carried out not a mandate for certain people, such as pastors, pastors or evangelists. But this preaching of the gospel is a direct mandate from God for believers. But some of the believers do not have a correct understanding of this noble task and thus ignore it. Based on the above problem, Matthew 28: 16-20 is discussed so that every believer is able to understand and apply the Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ. The biblical text is one part that teaches about missionary service for this world, which is to make all nations disciples of Jesus Christ. This study uses a qualitative study of biblical literature with a literal-grammatical-historical-contextual interpretation approach and considers highly correlated Bible texts, and describes them so as to be able to provide an understanding of Jesus' commands to make disciples. Every believer needs to grow in faith and his knowledge of God. Thus believers will be enabled to do His commandments. The Great Commission of the Lord Jesus Christ is not a choice but a necessity to do. The message that must be conveyed is that Jesus Christ died, was buried, and on the third day He rose and ascended into heaven.Pemberitaan Injil adalah tugas setiap orang percaya yang harus dilaksanakan bukan mandat bagi orang-orang tertentu saja, seperti para gembala, para pendeta atau penginjil. Tetapi pemberitaan Injil ini merupakan mandat langsung dari Allah bagi setiap orang percaya. Namun sebagian dari orang-orang percaya tidak memiliki pemahaman yang benar mengenai tugas mulia ini sehingga mengabaikannya. Berdasarkan masalah di atas, maka Matius 28:16-20 dibahas supaya setiap orang percaya mampu memahami dan mengaplikasikan Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus. Teks Alkiktab tersebut adalah salah satu bagian yang mengajarkan tentang pelayanan misi bagi dunia ini, yaitu menjadikan segala bangsa murid Yesus Kristus. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi kualitatif literatur biblika dengan pendekatan teori tafsir literal-gramatikal-historikal-kontektual dan mempertimbangkan teks-teks Alkitab yang sangat berhubungan, dan mendeskripsikannya sehingga mampu memberi pemahaman tentang prinsip-perintah Yesus untuk menjadikan murid. Setiap orang percaya perlu bertumbuh dalam iman serta pengenalannya akan Allah. Dengan demikian orang-orang percaya akan dimampukan untuk mengerjakan perintah-perintah-Nya. Amanat Agung Tuhan Yesus Kristus bukan suatu pilihan tetapi keharusan untuk dilaksanakan. Berita yang harus disampaikan adalah bahwa Yesus Kristus telah mati, dikuburkan, dan pada hari ketiga Ia bangkit dan naik ke sorga.
Importância do uso das tecnologias na sala de aula
Authors: Silva Joana Brito Oliveira , Santos Maria Luzinete Pinto
Published: June 2020

O uso de tecnologias na escola é entendido como um recurso para auxiliar o professor na integração dos conteúdos curriculares e inovadores para o fortalecimento da aprendizagem. O presente artigo tem como temática “A importância do uso de tecnologias na prática pedagógica do educador” e tem como objetivo geral analisar o uso das tecnologias na contribuição da aprendizagem. Este artigo nos convida a refletir sobre o uso das novas tecnologias no ensino aprendizado dos educandos e ainda repensar o papel do educador frente às inúmeros desafios que lhe é colocada, utilizar de forma criativa e inovadora os recursos tecnológicos como via de desenvolvimento de potenciais e de atividades necessárias para o desenvolvimento e de aprendizagem. Para a realização deste estudo, foram feitos entrevistas com alunos e professores para conhecer as práticas tecnológicas utilizadas em sala. Foi possível identificar que as maiorias dos educadores são favoráveis à mediação do aprendizado através das novas tecnologias, mas afirmam que existem inúmeros fatores que levam os mesmos a não utilizarem. A pesquisa realizada foi à pesquisa bibliográfica com autores que abordam sobre o tema escolhido e pesquisa de campo analisando o trabalho do educador e suas práticas pedagógicas. O uso da informática na educação implica em novas formas de comunicar, de pensar, de ensinar e aprender. O trabalho é fundamentado em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, a fundamentação se apoia em teóricos como Moran (2009), Freire, Fávero. Esses explicam qualitativa, acolhendo-se como método a pesquisa bibliográfica.

(Imagem de Wokandapix por Pixabay)
A leitura como fator de desenvolvimento social e crítico da criança
Authors: Souza Lizziane Rodrigues , Oliveira Edjôfre Coelho
Published: June 2020

Este trabalho tem como tema a leitura como fator de desenvolvimento social e crítico da criança e, portanto, pretende refletir sobre a prática pedagógica do professor em sala de aula diante dos saberes docentes apresentando sugestões para melhoria do processo de ensino. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar a prática docente, identificando os fatores que mais interferem no processo de utilização pedagógica da leitura nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental, fazendo recomendações visando à melhoria do hábito de ler e, consequentemente, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Em relação aos objetivos a pesquisa foi classificada como exploratória, explicativa e descritiva, pois se pretende investigar o desenvolvimento social e crítico da criança. Foram definidos também conceitos e concepções relacionados à leitura nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental como ferramenta pedagógica. A pesquisa tem natureza dedutiva partindo-se de teorias, leis e conceitos para conclusões mais gerais. Os principais autores consultados para o embasamento teórico deste trabalho foram Coelho (2000), Freire (1997) e Pimenta (1999) que observaram quais saberes docentes são necessários para utilização da leitura como ferramenta pedagógica no processo de desenvolvimento das crianças nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Ao final, conclui-se que a leitura contribui significativamente para o desenvolvimento cognitivo da criança nessa faixa de idade, principalmente por se estabelecer, na maioria das vezes, como o primeiro contato da criança com o mundo letrado, suas palavras, a oralidade e a imaginação.

(Imagem de Mircea Iancu por Pixabay)
MANAJEMEN DISTRIBUSI LOGISTIK PEMILIHAN BUPATI DAN WAKIL BUPATI PADA KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SANGIHE TAHUN 2017
Authors: Nainggolan Franky Gilbert
Published: June 2020

Salah satu aspek penting bagi keberhasilan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) terletak pada keberhasilan penyelenggara Pilkada dalam menyiapkan logistik Pilkada di dalam suatu kegiatan manajemen logistik. Berjalannya kegiatan logistik tentu saja didukung oleh komponen-komponen yang ada dalam sistem logistik meliputi struktur fasilitas, transportasi, pengadaan persediaan, komunikasi, penanganan dan penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis manajemen distribusi logistik Pilkada Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif yang fokus pada komponen-komponen sistem logistik. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh struktur fasilitas dalam mendistribusikan logistik, mulai dari gudang KPU Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe kemudian ke Panitia Pemilihan Kecamatan (PPK), Panitia Pemungutan Suara (PPS) dan Kelompok Penyelenggara Pemungutan Suara (KPPS), kurangnya ketersediaan sarana transportasi di PPK dan PPS di daerah-daerah kepulauan, dan kurangnya ketersediaan gudang logistik yang representative di PPK. Transportasi yang digunakan adalah truk, pickup, kapal pajeko dan pumpboat, kurangnya ketersediaan moda transportasi yang handal untuk mendistribusikan logistik dipengaruhi kondisi cuaca, dan kapal-kapal digunakan oleh pihak lain untuk kampanye, menyebabkan keterlambatan pendistribusian. Pengadaan persediaan dilakukan melalui e-tendering/e-katalog Lembaga Kebijakan Pengadaan barang Jasa Pemerintah (LKPP) dan pengadaan langsung, beberapa item logistik yang pengadaannya terlambat, ada beberapa item logistik yang tidak lengkap halaman dan jumlahnya, dan kedatangan logistik dari penyedia tidak bersamaan menyebabkan pengepakan dan penyimpanan logistik menjadi terlambat pada akhirnya menyebabkan terlambatnya jadwal distribusi. Tidak tersedianya logistik pengaman sebagai cadangan juga menyebabkan ketidakpastian sistem logistik yang menyebabkan terlambatnya pendistibusian logistik. Kurangnya komunikasi menyebabkan moda transportasi tidak tersedia dan terlambatnya pengadaan persediaan yang akhirnya terlambatnya pendistribusian logistik. Penanganan dan penyimpanan logistik dilakukan dari menerima, menyortir, melipat kertas suara, mengeset formulir, dan mengepak logistik kedalam kotak suara, ada beberapa item logistik yang pengadaannya terlambat, menyebabkan terlambatnya kegiatan pengepakan akhirnya menyebabkan jadwal pendistribusian logistik terlambat.
INTEGRITAS PENYELENGGARA PEMILU ADHOC, PRAKTIK ELECTORAL FRAUD OLEH PANITIA PEMILIHAN DI PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: June 2020

Badan Penyelenggara Pemilu Adhoc atau Panitia Pemilihan adalah Penyelenggara Pemilu yang paling rentan menjadi pelaku kecurangan Pemilu (election fraud). Anggota PPK, PPS dan KPPS memiliki akses untuk bersentuhan langsung dengan peserta Pemilu dan alat kebutuhan pelaksanaan Pemilu, mulai dari TPS hingga surat suara. Berdasarkan Peraturan KPU Nomor 8 Tahun 2019 yang memberikan wewenang langsung kepada KPU Kabupaten/Kota untuk menindak dugaan pelanggaran yang dilakukan oleh anggota Panitia Pemilihan, terdapat 239 anggota PPK, PPS dan KPPS yang telah diberhentikan tetap karena terbukti melakukan pelanggaran Kode Etik, Kode Perilaku, sumpah/janji dan pakta integritas. Provinsi Sumatera Utara merupakan daerah yang paling banyak melakukan pemeriksaan dugaan pelanggaran integritas oleh anggota Panitia Pemilihan. Pelanggaran yang dilakukan terdiri dari pelanggaran administrasi, malpraktek pemilu hingga tindak pidana pemilu seperti manipulasi pencoblosan surat suara, penggelembungan hasil perolehan suara hingga praktek suap yang terungkap di pemeriksaan anggota Panitia Pemilihan. Permasalahan integritas menjadi persoalan utama dalam evaluasi pelaksanaan Pemilu Serentak 2019 dari sudut pandang electoral integrity, tingkat integritas Penyelenggara Pemilu pada tahun 2019 menjadi hal krusial untuk perbaikan format kepemiluan di masa mendatang.
MASYARAKAT SIPIL DAN PENGELOLAAN ZAKAT: REPOSISI LAZ BERDASARKAN UU NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2011
Authors: Purnama Deni
Published: June 2020

Di tengah semangat masyarakat sipil dalam memberdayakan dana zakat, muncul kemudian regulasi yang tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2011, Regulasi ini terkesan bertentangan dengan perjalanan pengelolaan zakat sebelumnya. Penelitian ini berbasis studi literatur dari kajian literatur zakat klasik hingga kontempore, dapat disimpulkan hasil penelitian ini : pertama bahwa UU tersebut merubah struktur LAZ menjadi sub-ordinasi dari pemerintah, sehingga semangat kebersamaan yang ada dalam UU sebelumnya, diubah menjadi semangat sentralisasi, kedua syarat pendirian LAZ pun dirasa semakin sulit. UU baru memerintahkan LAZ yang mayoritas berbentuk yayasan, untuk berubah menjadi organisasi masyarakat dan mendapatkan rekomendasi BAZNAS dan pejabat berwenang. ketiga adanya ancaman sanksi pidana juga hal lain yang menghambat masyarakat sipil dalam mengelola zakat. Posisi amil tradisional dalam UU ini dianggap ilegal. Dan pelakunya terancam pidana kurungan maupun denda.Kata Kunci: Lembaga Zakat, Regulasi, Yayasan,Masyarakat
Technical note: Residues of gaseous air pollutants in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) tissues
Authors: Nowakowicz-Dębek Bożena , Petkowicz Jacek , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Wlazło Łukasz , Ossowski Mateusz
Published: June 2020

The modern consumer is concerned not only for meat quality, but also about animal welfare and the environment. Studies were conducted to determine the concentration of gaseous residues in the tissues of rabbits. For this purpose, gaseous air pollutants were measured at the height of rabbit cages. Immediately after slaughter, samples were taken for analysis to determine the level of residual pollutants in the tissues (blood, perirenal fat and lung). Headspace gas chromatography was performed on the tissue samples to test for volatile toxic substances. Gas residues of 11 compounds were determined in the samples of blood, perirenal fat and lungs. The same chemicals were present in the air of the farm and the animal tissues, which may indicate their capacity for bioaccumulation. We recommend that the results should be used to develop guidelines regarding the welfare of meat rabbits and requirements for laboratory rabbits.
Lower-thermosphere response to solar activity: an empirical-mode-decomposition analysis of GOCE 2009–2012 data
Authors: Bigazzi Alberto , Cauli Carlo , Berrilli Francesco
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Forecasting the thermosphere (the atmosphere's uppermost layer, from about 90 to 800 km altitude) is crucial to space-related applications, from space mission design to re-entry operations, space surveillance and more. Thermospheric dynamics is directly linked to the solar dynamics through the solar UV (ultraviolet) input, which is highly variable, and through the solar wind and plasma fluxes impacting Earth's magnetosphere. The solar input is non-periodic and non-stationary, with long-term modulations from the solar rotation and the solar cycle and impulsive components, due to magnetic storms. Proxies of the solar input exist and may be used to forecast the thermosphere, such as the F10.7 radio flux and the Mg II EUV (extreme-ultraviolet) flux. They relate to physical processes of the solar atmosphere. Other indices, such as the Ap geomagnetic index, connect with Earth's geomagnetic environment. We analyse the proxies' time series comparing them with in situ density data from the ESA (European Space Agency) GOCE (Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer) gravity mission, operational from March 2009 to November 2013, therefore covering the full rising phase of solar cycle 24, exposing the entire dynamic range of the solar input. We use empirical mode decomposition (EMD), an analysis technique appropriate to non-periodic, multi-scale signals. Data are taken at an altitude of 260 km, exceptionally low for a low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite, where density variations are the single most important perturbation to satellite dynamics. We show that the synthesized signal from optimally selected combinations of proxy basis functions, notably Mg II for the solar flux and Ap for the plasma component, shows a very good agreement with thermospheric data obtained by GOCE, during periods of low and medium solar activity. In periods of maximum solar activity, density enhancements are also well represented. The Mg II index proves to be, in general, a better proxy than the F10.7 index for modelling the solar flux because of its specific response to the UV spectrum, whose variations have the largest impact over thermospheric density.
Niasite and johanngeorgenstadtite, Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 dimorphs from Johanngeorgenstadt, Germany
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Nash Barbara P. , Plášil Jakub , Smith Jason B. , Feinglos Mark N.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Niasite (IMA2019-105) and johanngeorgenstadtite (IMA2019-122) are
Ni4.52+(AsO4)3 dimorphs from Johanngeorgenstadt, Saxony,
Germany. The two new minerals occur in association with one another and with
aerugite, bunsenite, quartz, rooseveltite and xanthiosite. This mineral
assemblage is apparently secondary in origin and most likely formed from the
breakdown of primary nickeline under dry (low relative humidity) and
oxidizing (high oxygen fugacity) conditions. Both minerals are found in
sugary aggregates of irregular, rounded grains or short prisms. Niasite
properties are as follows: colour violet-red to red-orange; streak pale pink; transparent;
resinous to subadamantine lustre; brittle tenacity; no cleavage; conchoidal
fracture; Mohs hardness ∼4; densitycalc 5.222 g cm−3; optically uniaxial (–), ω 1.925(5) and
ε 1.855(5) (white light), pleochroism O beige, E deep pink (O<E). Johanngeorgenstadtite properties are as follows: colour pink-orange; streak
pale pink; transparent; resinous to subadamantine lustre; brittle tenacity;
{010}, {110} and
{1−10} cleavage; curved and stepped fracture;
Mohs hardness ∼5; densitycalc
4.801 g cm−3; optically biaxial (–), α 1.83(1), β 1.86(1),
γ 1.88(1) (white light), 2Vmeas 78(1)∘, pleochroism
X violet, Y light olive, Z yellow (X>Y>Z). Raman
spectra of both minerals are dominated by the stretching vibrations of
AsO4 tetrahedra and confirm that both minerals are anhydrous. Electron
microprobe analyses give the empirical formulas
(Ni3.692+Co0.662+Fe0.032+Al0.02Na0.02Cu0.012+)Σ4.43As3.03O12 and
(Ni3.562+Co0.752+Cu0.132+)Σ4.44As3.02O12 for niasite and johanngeorgenstadtite,
respectively. Niasite is tetragonal, I4¯2d, with a=6.8046(8), c=18.6190(13) Å, V=862.1(2) Å3 and Z=4.
Johanngeorgenstadtite is monoclinic, C2∕c, with a=11.933(3), b=12.753(3), c=6.6956(17) Å, β=113.302(8)∘, V=935.9(4) Å3 and Z=4. The structure of niasite (R1=0.0226 for 471 Io>2σI reflections) is the same as
that of jeffbenite, as well as those of several garnet-like synthetic
phases. Johanngeorgenstadtite (R1=0.0375 for 355 Io>2σI reflections) has an unprotonated alluaudite
structure.
Simultaneously Determining Global Sensitivities of Model Parameters and Model Structure
Authors: Mai Juliane , Craig James R. , Tolson Bryan A.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Model structure uncertainty is known to be one of the three main sources of hydrologic model uncertainty along with input and parameter uncertainty. Some recent hydrological modeling frameworks address model structure uncertainty by supporting multiple options for representing hydrological processes. It is, however, still unclear how best to analyze structural sensitivity using these frameworks. In this work, we apply an Extended Sobol' Sensitivity Analysis (xSSA) method that operates on grouped parameters rather than individual parameters. The method can estimate not only traditional model parameter sensitivities but is also able to provide measures of the sensitivities of process options (e.g., linear vs. non-linear storage) and sensitivities of model processes (e.g., infiltration vs. baseflow) with respect to a model output. Key to the xSSA method's applicability to process option and process sensitivity is the novel introduction of process option weights in the Raven hydrological modeling framework. The method is applied to both artificial benchmark models and a watershed model built with the Raven framework. The results show that: (1) The xSSA method provides sensitivity estimates consistent with those derived analytically for individual as well as grouped parameters linked to model structure. (2) The xSSA method with process weighting is computationally less expensive than the alternative aggregate sensitivity analysis approach performed for the exhaustive set of structural model configurations, with savings of 81.9 % for the benchmark model and 98.6 % for the watershed case study. (3) The xSSA method applied to the hydrologic case study analyzing simulated streamflow showed that model parameters adjusting forcing functions were responsible for 42.1 % of the overall model variability while surface processes cause 38.5 % of the overall model variability in a mountainous catchment; such information may readily inform model calibration. (4) The analysis of time dependent process sensitivities regarding simulated streamflow is a helpful tool to understand model internal dynamics over the course of the year.
Quantifying the Impacts of Compound Extremes on Agriculture and Irrigation Water Demand
Authors: Haqiqi Iman , Grogan Danielle S. , Hertel Thomas W. , Schlenker Wolfram
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Agricultural production and food prices are affected by hydroclimatic extremes. There has been a large literature measuring the impacts of individual extreme events (heat stress or water stress) on agricultural and human systems. Yet, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the significance and the magnitude of the impacts of compound extremes. Here, we combine a high-resolution weather product with fine-scale outputs of a hydrological model to construct functional indicators of compound hydroclimatic extremes for agriculture. Then, we measure the impacts of individual and compound extremes on crop yields focusing on the United States during the 1981–2015 period. Supported by statistical evidence, we confirm that wet heat is more damaging than dry heat for crops. We show that the average damage from heat stress has been up to four times more severe when combined with water stress; and the value of water experiences a four-fold increase on hot days. In a robust framework with only a few parameters of compound extremes, this paper also improves our understanding of the conditional marginal value (or damage) of water in crop production. This value is critically important for irrigation water demand and farmer decision-making – particularly in the context of supplemental irrigation and sub-surface drainage.
Identity, Technology and their Confluence: Governmentality in the Digital Age
Authors: Dent Chris
Published: June 2020

The digital age has posed significant challenges for the governance of society. These challenges stem, in part, from the fact that many of the practices of governance arose in the pre-digital world. Foucault’s notion of ‘governmentality’ is a framework that can take account of the different sets of practices of governance. Comparing current practices with those highlighted by Miller and Rose’s ‘three families’ of governmentality suggests that twenty-first century governance operates as a new, fourth family. This research demonstrates this through an examination of aspects of the law—such as welfare and libel law—that have changed since the nineteenth century, with those changes mapping to the different families. In other words, the manner in which we, as legal subjects, have been constituted has changed, and will continue to change. As such, while specific practices such as fake news are seen to be problematic now, any reactions to them are historically contingent—and so the practices may not be seen to be an issue in a couple of decades time.
Los planos de colonización de Cautín y Malleco (1916-1917): expresión de la morfología de la Araucanía
Authors: Antivil Marinao Wladimir
Published: June 2020

El siguiente trabajo pretende explorar y poner en valor los planos catastrales de colonización hechos para dos provincias de Chile, llamadas Cautín y Malleco, los años 1916 y 1917 respectivamente. Dichos planos son fruto de la intervención física iniciada por el Estado de Chile durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX la cual tuvo como fin someter esos territorios a la soberanía nacional. El trabajo plantea que estos planos logran esclarecer los sucesos ocurridos en todo el proceso con un nivel de detalle importante presentando gran cantidad de datos. Además, plantea que, si se estudian los dos planos en conjunto, a pesar de que el área que cubren es extensa, es posible interpretar las intenciones físicas y espaciales que se intentaron instalar sobre el territorio, especialmente se puede apreciar una idea y estructura espacial que lo ordena en la dirección norte sur. El trabajo se desarrolla aplicando un planteamiento metodológico con énfasis en el estudio de la morfología, el cual consiste en identificar los componentes dibujados de los planos, observar sus repeticiones, redibujarlos y encontrar relaciones espaciales entre los componentes. Se ha considerado también el estudio de algunos documentos y antecedentes bibliográficos.
Derecho y migración. Una respuesta curricular a la sobrepoblación de licenciados en derecho y a las complejidades de su inserción laboral en la región norte de México
Authors: Gutierrez Lopez Eduardo Elias
Published: June 2020

Durante el periodo 2000-2014 en México ha habido un crecimiento exponencial en el número de egresados de las licenciaturas en derecho –en sus diversas denominaciones– y por ende, un surgimiento de complejidades en la integración de todos ellos al mercado de trabajo y a condiciones laborales dignas. Este artículo plantea la tesis de que el verdadero problema de este fenómeno no es por sí mismo la proliferación de profesionales del derecho en México, sino la pretensión de todos ellos de emplearse en los mismos nichos de trabajo y desarrollarse en las mismas áreas disciplinares. Esta situación demanda reconfiguraciones a los planes curriculares de la licenciatura en derecho de las universidades de México y particularmente las de la región norte del país, que son aquellas en las que se focaliza este trabajo y las que atendiendo a su situación geográfica, contextual y coyuntural, podrían encontrar en la línea temática Derecho y Migración una respuesta emergente a las complejidades mencionadas.

Palabras clave: derecho, migración, educación superior, inserción laboral, plan curricular.
Clases textuales de la formación en Derecho: descripción y orientaciones para su enseñanza
Authors: Meza Paulina , González-Catalán Felipe , Pastén Allison , Barahona Maximiliano
Published: June 2020

Esta investigación tiene como objetivos identificar y caracterizar las clases textuales de modalidad escrita producidas por estudiantes de Derecho en dos universidades chilenas y, sobre la base de ello, presentar dos propuestas didácticas para trabajar dichas clases. En el marco de una investigación cualitativa, diseñamos y aplicamos entrevistas a profesores que ejercen docencia en las instituciones estudiadas, a fin de reconocer las clases textuales trabajadas en la formación de abogados. Como resultados centrales, identificamos las clases textuales producidas por los estudiantes de Derecho; y, además, proponemos una taxonomía para clasificar y caracterizar las clases registradas. Con base en lo anterior, desarrollamos dos propuestas para la enseñanza de dichas clases: una general, a nivel de familias de clases textuales; y otra, específica, a nivel de cada clase textual. En conclusión, nuestro trabajo constituye un avance en la superación de algunos vacíos en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la escritura jurídica.
Credit Risk, Islamic Contracts and Ownership Status: Evidence From Malaysian Islamic Banks
Authors: Misman Faridah Najuna , Ahmad Wahida , Khairani Noor Sufiawati , Amran Nur Hazimah
Published: June 2020

The paper attempts to model the key drivers of credit risk for Islamic banks in Malaysia. This paper is motivated to introduce Islamic financing types (IFT) and banks ownership status (STATUS) as additional factors in investigating the key drivers. This study also investigates the level of credit risk between the crisis and non-crisis period. This study employs a panel data analysis method using generalized least squares (GLS) regression for random effect model. The dependent variable is credit risk which assumed to be a function of bank-specific variables and other potential variables that are ownership status, Islamic financing types and financial crisis. The sample of this study comprised of 160 observations for 15 full-fledged Islamic banks in Malaysia, covering the period of 2000 to 2016. The finding suggests that financing expansion, financing and capital buffer are amongst important drivers that significantly influence the level of credit risk of Malaysian Islamic banks. The estimation results of this study also suggest that any Islamic bank that offers equity-based financing (EBF) has significantly higher credit risk.
The Impact of Board Characteristics on Co-operative Reputation From the Lense of Resource-Based View Theory (RBVT)
Authors: Ismail Aida Maria , Ahmadi Siti Muliyana , Yatim Normahiran , Ismail Puteh Mariam
Published: June 2020

Numerous studies on corporate governance proposed the connection of boards’ characteristics on firm performance and reputation. However, the results are mixed and limited research in the co-operatives context has creates a great interest to fill the conspicuous gap. This study seeks to examine the potential relationship between board characteristics and co-operative reputation in Malaysia from the perspective of resource-based view theory (RBVT). Hence, multiple regressions were conducted to analyze the relationship between co-operatives reputation with the respect of Top 100 Co-operatives Index and board characteristics in terms of board size, ethnic diversity, gender diversity, age diversity and education diversity in this study. The sample is composed of 61 listed co-operatives in the Top 100 Co-operatives Index for the three-consecutive year during the period 2015 to 2017. Reputation data were obtained from Top 100 Co-operative Index that published at Malaysia Co-operative Societies Commission (MCSC) website. While, the data of board characteristics and co-operative size on log of total assets which lagged by a year were extracted from MCSC’s INFOKOP system that provides both financial and non-financial data. The results found that Malaysian co-operatives that appear high up in terms of ranking in the reputation MCSC index tend to have a greater proportion of high educational directors on their board. Other board characteristics including board size, ethnic diversity, gender diversity and age diversity were not associated with the reputation of co-operatives. This generally can be explained that different types of law, geography, historical background, cultural environment and other factors may affect composition and diversity; and particularly the board in co-operative societies. Findings of this study provide insights into potential strategies in relation to corporate governance towards improving co-operative’s values and indirectly help the government in achieving the national economic goals.
The Likelihood of Fraudulent Financial Reporting: The New Implementation of Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG) 2017
Authors: Zin Siti Fadilah Bt Mat , Marzuki Marziana Madah , Abdulatiff Nik Kamaruzaman Hj
Published: June 2020

On 26 April 2017 Securities Commission Malaysia has released new Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance (MCCG 2017) replacing MCCG 2012 with several changes and recommendations to enhance corporate’s accountability, transparency and sustainability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to compare the degree of compliance of this new MCCG 2017 among healthy companies and likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting companies using PN17 companies as a proxy. This study used content analysis of MCCG 2017 and disclosures provided in the annual report of the companies and analyzed it using descriptive statistics. We find that the degree of compliance even among healthy companies in Malaysia in terms of board diversity and board remuneration is still insufficient, and some of the companies are still reluctant to comply. This study provides initial evidence on the effect of new amendment of MCCG 2017 on the likelihood of fraudulent financial reporting in Malaysia.
Rare Occurrence of Internal Auditory Canal Stenosis Accompanied With Congenital Facial Palsy in a 3-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report
Authors: Park Se-Heum , Kim Woo-Jin , Lim Yun-Jung , On Cheol-Won , Park Ji-Ho , Min Eun-Ho
Published: June 2020

Internal auditory canal (IAC) stenosis with hypoplasia of the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves is a rare cause of congenital facial palsy. In this case report, a 3-month-old female infant was referred for a neurological developmental assessment for developmental delay and congenital facial palsy. Upon evaluation of developmental delay, hearing loss was detected. Following a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain and a computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, IAC stenosis with hypoplasia of facial and vestibular nerves was diagnosed. This is a rare case of IAC stenosis in an infant with initial presentations of left facial palsy and developmental delay associated with hearing loss in the left ear. We strongly suggest that IAC stenosis be considered a cause of congenital facial palsy in infants, especially in patients with developmental delay. In infants with congenital facial palsy, a thorough physical examination and neurological developmental assessment should be performed.
African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement – Does the Facts Support the Benefits for Nigeria?
Authors: Onuka Onwuka Ifeanyi , Oroboghae Ozegbe Roseline
Published: June 2020

Hesitantly, but finally, Nigeria joined the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) with the Nigerian President, Mohammadu Buhari, signing the protocol at the African Union Summit in Niamey on July 7, 2019 based on perceived benefits. This study interrogated the purported benefits for Nigeria using standard trade costs between Nigeria and peer countries in Africa. Using a content analytical framework on a dataset by World Development Indicators and World Integrated Trade Solutions, the study found that average tariff rate in Nigeria is very high when compared to that of her major trading rivals in Africa like Ghana, Egypt and South Africa. Furthermore, the study found Nigeria in a comparative disadvantaged position on the ease of doing business in the same setting. Also, Nigeria’s major export commodity is crude oil and lubricants which has little or no market in the continent. Besides, trade-related infrastructure, especially roads and maritime corridors, in Nigeria is poor even by African standards. With these structural problems, ipso facto, Nigeria may not benefit maximally and comparatively in the enlarged continental market envisioned by the AfCFTA agreement. The study therefore, recommended that Nigerian government should continue to maintain the present cautious approach and refrain from making further commitments on the AfCFTA deal. In the meantime, the country should embark on massive infrastructural and trade-related development, improve the ease of doing business and diversify the economy in order to be in vintage position to exploit the potential opportunities offered by the AfCFTA in the medium-to-long term horizon.