bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the Existence of Structures of Temporal Relationships
Authors: Algazin E. I.
Published: June 2021

The issues of the transition of the investigated parameter (voltage across the UC capacitor) from the current temporal structure to the required one were investigated. A study was carried out to indicate that the investigated parameter can
be simultaneously in all three structures of temporal relationships.
High molecular weight bacterial DNA extraction from field-collected fecal samples preserved in ethanol for long-read sequencing v1
Authors: Magdeleine Amandine , Tilak Marie-Ka , Teullet Sophie , Delsuc Frédéric
Published: June 2021

Long-read metagenomic sequencing enables the reconstruction of better-quality assemblies compared to short-read assemblies. Long-read assemblies are typically more contiguous and this is of interest to recover full bacterial genomes. Here, we propose a protocol to extract high molecular weight bacterial DNA from mammalian fecal samples for long-read sequencing on the portable MinION instrument. DNA was extracted from feces collected in the field or from roadkill specimens and preserved in ethanol (96%) and stored at -20°C. The DNA extraction was done according to the “Genomic DNA from soil” kit (NucleoSpin Soil, Macherey-Nagel) which was optimized in three ways: i) SL1 + SX lysis buffers were used because this combination gave a high yield and degraded DNA the less, ii) two successive extractions were performed to get long fragments of DNA and iii) an additional DNA sizing step was added after the extraction to remove the remaining short DNA fragments and ensure DNA purity. The comparison of the two successive extractions showed that the obtained reads did not differ in terms of taxonomy but only the second yielded high molecular weight DNA suitable for long-read sequencing. Resulting long-read assemblies were more contiguous than Illumina short-read ones with fewer contigs (~4 000 and ~50 000 respectively) and a higher N50 (~90 000 kb and ~10 000 kb respectively) illustrating the advantage of using long reads to reconstruct bacterial genomes from ethanol-preserved fecal samples.
Reliability and Validity of the Malay-Version Chicago Lead Knowledge Test (CLKT) among Parents of Preschool Children in Malaysia
Authors:   Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Md Isa Zaleha
Published: June 2021

The primary objective of this study was to validate the Malay-version Chicago lead knowledge test (CLKT). The CLKT was chosen based on thorough literature review followed by a systematic translation. Data collection involved three phases; initial test was done among 70 parents, retest was done at two weeks apart among similar respondents with response rate of 71.4% (n=50), and another test among 60 professional group. The authors performed non-parametric tests since the data was not normally distributed. The non-parametric test results showed no significant mean knowledge score differences in all demographic parameters. The difficulty factor ranged from 0.01 to 0.99. The mean + SD for difficulty factor was 0.52 + 0.32. Half of the 24 items (n=12) had a difficulty factor of less than 0.75. Only one item (item 6) had item-total correlation of less than 0.2 (0.140). The overall Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.851. No significant difference was detected by the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test between the overall score, the test and retest scores for all domains. All domains showed moderate to strong correlation (Spearman’s Correlation: r=0.546 - 0.814, p<0.001). The Mann-Whitney U test showed a significantly higher knowledge score in professional group compared to parent group for all domains and total knowledge score (p<0.001). The Malay-version CLKT was moderately difficult but had a good reliability and validity. Thus, this instrument can be applied in future larger-scale study.
The Effects of Preoperative Sugarless Gum Chewing on Gastric Fluid Volume and pH
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Ooi Su Min Joanna
Published: June 2021

There is a lack of consensus regarding the preoperative fasting period on gum chewing due to conflicting evidence. Our study aimed to determine the effects of preoperative sugarless gum chewing on gastric fluid volume and pH. This prospective randomised study was performed on patients who underwent elective operation under general anaesthesia. Sixty patients who fasted overnight were randomly assigned to either “non-chewing gum” as control or “chewing gum group” as intervention group who chewed one piece of gum upon the call to the operating theatre. They were further enquired whether gum chewing helped cope with hunger and reduced anxiety. Gastric volume and pH were determined immediately after induction of anaesthesia. Gum chewing had no significant effect on gastric fluid volume measured [30.4+13.6 (control) vs 29.1+11.6 ml (intervention), p = 0.693] and gastric fluid pH [1.4+0.4 (control) vs 1.6+0.4 (intervention), p = 0.05] while managing to reduce anxiety in 90.3% patients who chewed gum. Pre-operative gum-chewing did not increase in gastric fluid volume or a further reduction in gastric fluid acidity and was able to reduce anxiety in patients in the preoperative period.
Demoralisation in Cancer Patients: The Association with Distress, Depression and Positive Emotion
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, Bandar Sungai Long, Cheras, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Kai Shin Thong
Published: June 2021

Cancer patients experience a high level of distress and depression. The understanding of its psychological correlates such as demoralisation and positive emotion helps in the management of these conditions. The study objectives are to examine the correlation between demoralisation and positive emotion, defined as discrete pleasant emotions, such as joy, pride, contentment or love, with depression and distress in cancer patients. The sociodemographic and clinical associated factors are also studied. This cross-sectional study recruited 178 cancer patients from a local university hospital. They were assessed using the Malay versions of the Demoralization Scales (DS-M), Positive Emotion Rating Scale (PERS), Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD) Scale, and Distress Thermometer. The mean age of the subjects was 53.6 + 16.51 years old, with 24% of them were in the advanced stage of cancer. Almost 38% of the subject were demoralised. Of them, 61.2% were depressed, 52.2% had low positive emotion, and 68.7% were distressed. Demoralisation was positively correlated with depression (r=0.78, p<0.01) and distress level (r=0.64, p<0.01) but negatively correlated with positive emotion (r=-0.69, p<0.01). In conclusion, demoralisation was highly prevalent and strongly associated with depression and distress in cancer patients. Assessment and early detection of demoralisation among cancer patients should receive more attention. Future studies on the management of this condition are needed.
Clinical Characteristics, Predictors and Outcome of Children with Complicated Parapneumonic Effusion: A Single Centre Experience
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Abdul Latif Hasniah
Published: June 2021

Parapneumonic effusions (PPE) is a complication of bacterial pneumonia. Factors that contribute to complicated PPE remain uncertain. This study was aimed to describe the characteristics, clinical predictors and outcome of children with parapneumonic effusion (PPE) in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). A retrospective study on children with PPE who were admitted to UKMMC between January 2010 to December 2017 was conducted. Patients were categorised into 2 groups: simple and complicated PPE. Of 45 patients recruited, 20 (44.4%) patients had simple PPE and 25 (55.6%) had complicated PPE. Their median age was 32 months (IQR 16-63). The most common isolated organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (61.9%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (19.0%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4.8%). Only 11.1% of patients received pneumococcal vaccination. There was no statistical significant difference in clinical features between simple and complicated PPE. Only 62.2% patients had ultrasound thorax done. Majority (95.0%) of patients with simple PPE were successfully treated with intravenous antibiotics alone. Sixty percent of patients with complicated PPE needed surgical intervention. Mean length of hospital stay for simple PPE was 10 (4.0) days and complicated PPE was 28 (16.5) days. In conclusion, clinical features could not predict complicated PPE. Use of ultrasound thorax as the main investigation tool for diagnosis and staging should be emphasised. Antibiotics therapy alone is effective therapy for simple PPE, while in complicated PPE, larger prospective studies are required to investigate which children benefit significantly from more intensive intervention.
Online Oral Hygiene Instructions for Orthodontic Patients in Malaysian Population
Authors:   Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Yahya Nurul Asyikin
Published: June 2021

Fixed orthodontic appliances causes plaque accumulation, which leads to the formation of dental caries and gingivitis. Therefore, concise oral hygiene instructions (OHI) is necessary to avoid the occurrence of these diseases. Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) ensures interactive learning to improve knowledge retention. MOOC transfers the responsibility of learning OHI to the patients with remote guidance from the clinician, thus reduces clinical time. This research aimed to develop the MOOC learning content on OHI in orthodontic practice. The secondary aim was to assess the overall analytics data among learners enrolled for the completion rate and time taken to complete the MOOC. The ADDIE principles which were, "Analyse, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate", were used to develop the MOOC. The contents were based on a published pamphlet of OHI from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. The MOOC was pre-tested, and content was improved based on the feedback from users and experts. The MOOC named “Penjagaan Kebersihan Pendakap Gigi” utilises the Bahasa Melayu language to educate learners regarding oral care with orthodontic appliances. Sixty-two learners joined the MOOC, with 77.4% achieving a high rate of completion of the MOOC learning content. There were forty-six female learners (74.2%), while male learners comprised sixteen (25.8%). The median (interquartile range) time taken to complete MOOC learning content were 31.50 minutes, (13.00 minutes to 55.50 minutes). This shows that MOOC could be an alternative platform to instruct patients on OHI with fixed appliances. MOOC can potentially reduce clinical time to teach OHI to patients.
Local Anesthesia Systemic Toxicity (LAST) Treated as Anaphylaxis
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Sanip Amirudin
Published: June 2021

Local anesthesia systemic toxicity (LAST) and anaphylaxis are the life-threatening adverse effects of lignocaine. Both have different presentations and treatments. We report a case of 35-year-old female who came to our Emergency Department (ED) with symptoms of lethargy, drowsiness, and difficulty breathing with foreign body sensation and a metallic taste in the throat which started 15 minutes after a right shoulder injection with 250 mg of lignocaine mixed with Triamcinolone in the Orthopedic Clinic. She was pushed to the resuscitation bay and was treated as anaphylaxis. Upon further evaluation, the blood pressure was never hypotensive, no sign of compromised airway, no gastrointestinal symptom, and no mucosal involvement which directs to the diagnosis of LAST rather than anaphylaxis. Surprisingly, she was gradually improving and was discharged home after six hours of observation in the ED. This is the first case report that LAST had been effectively treated as anaphylaxis.
A Contemporary Scientific Study of André Breton’s Automatic Writing
Authors: Martínez Bravo Víctor Hugo
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a new scientific way to study the concept and technique of automatic writing in Surrealism. Based on the specialists of André Breton’s work and the experts of automatism, we expose here the literary, psychiatric, neurological and parapsychological influences that Breton had to create his own concept and writing technique. We suggest here that we have to add to all these influences, the spiritist one, specifically, that of Allan Kardec, whose doctrine and concepts, such as psychography, were a direct impact to the surrealist automatic writing, even when Breton wanted to dissociate his movement from Kardec’s doctrine. Automatic writing has been studied from many angles, specially from literary and art theory and criticism, but also from history of science, philosophy, neurology, psychology and psychiatry and even from occultism, hermeticism and esoterism. Nevertheless, we don’t know any contemporary scientific experiment on this surrealist practice, maybe because materialist principles that support traditional Neurosciences are unable to study automatic writing. For this reason, we propose to study automatic writing, not from regular Neuroscience principles that we disapprove here, but from a post-materialist Neuroscience viewpoint, which agrees with the values that Surrealism defended
Young women in Morocco: Perceptions about participation in the public sphere and gender equality
Authors: Zafra Aparici Eva , Garcia-Moreno Cristina , Manfred Egbe Egbe
Published: June 2021

From a qualitative research in the cities of Fez and Meknes, this article analyses young women’s participation in the public sphere in Morocco. Specifically, we have had as reference the changes that have occurred since the so-called Arab Spring of 2011 where youths and feminism played an obvious role. Findings show that nine years after the Arab Spring, there has been no substantial improvements in the lives of Moroccan women in terms of gender equality. However, it is striking that they are very much present in participating in the public sphere from ‘grassroots’ (civic society, trade unions, etc.) levels where they find resources and spaces to get-together, create opportunities and make further progress in the fight for their rights.
Two Interventions to Improve Knowledge of Scientific and Dissemination Articles in First-Year University Students
Authors: Zorzo Candela , Fernández-Baizán Cristina , Gutiérrez-Menéndez Alba , Banqueri María , Higarza Sara G , Méndez Marta
Published: June 2021

The representations of science in mass media have shown a significant increase in the last years. However, mass media dissemination activities can extend to pseudoscience due to the fact that not all scientific news are published with the same rigour. Thus, we aimed to develop two theoretical-practical interventions among first-year university students with the purpose of improving their knowledge about scientific studies and original scientific sources, as well as to critically analyze dissemination of scientific research in media. The interventions had a positive impact on knowledge about scientific information sources, particularly Pubmed, in addition to reducing the number of incorrect features linked to both scientific and dissemination articles, suggesting the importance of interventions focused on misconceptions. However, students showed knowledge of correct features of scientific articles, independently of our intervention, and they made more mistakes when attributing incorrect features to scientific articles when compared to dissemination ones.
Understand Sexual Risk Behaviours in Young Adults and Challenges in their Education
Authors: Alonso-Martínez Laura , Fernández-Hawrylak María , Heras-Sevilla Davinia , Ortega-Sánchez Delfín
Published: June 2021

Sexual risk behaviours are considered sexual conducts that can cause biological, psychological and social damage. Therefore, sexuality education is considered the only effective way to avoid it. This project aims to understand sexual risk behaviour factors and their consequences in young adults and to explore strategies they would use to face them. To answer these questions, we conducted a qualitative study in which we interviewed 11 young adults using an asynchronous mail technique due to the Covid19 pandemic. We also carried out a thematic analysis and developed our key results: 1) Sexual attitudes and behaviours; 2) Sexual risk factors, 3) Sexual risk consequences; and 4) Educational approach and strategies. Similarities in the themes were verified with previous literature, exposing the importance of learning to identify factors and consequences to respond appropriately. Participants believe that comprehensive and egalitarian sexuality education applied at individual and community level is a solid method that can improve sexual health and well-being. To conclude, this study reveals the importance of listening to young adults’ perspectives towards these conduct variables and educational approaches in order to establish global health strategies that could be based on these results.
Trust in Pandemic-Induced Online Learning: Competitive Advantage of Closure and Reputation
Authors: Arnado Janet M , Jabal Ronaldo F , Poa Mary Rose Jean Andrada , Viray Teofilo C
Published: June 2021

As a response to the Philippine government’s prolonged community quarantine measure to tackle the coronavirus outbreak, educational institutions have shifted their mode of teaching and learning towards distance education despite resistance from various sectors. This paper examines the ways an educational provider taps elements of its social capital such as closure and reputation, to establish enforceable trust from clients and their network to enroll in online learning; in addition, it explores the factors that clients consider in deciding to enroll their children in online distance learning. This study is informed by James Coleman’s and Ronald Burt’s conceptions of closure, trust, and reputation. It employs a case study approach, focusing on a Philippine Catholic parochial high school. Results show that closure is demonstrated through the school’s dense social network with parents, students, and the community through the Catholic church. Closure and the school’s intergenerational and social reputation facilitate the creation of trust, which increased senior high school enrolment, contrary to the pattern of private schools closing down due to insufficient enrolment. This study contributes to the literature in online distance education, by focusing on aspects of the social structure that function as resources for people and organizations to achieve their interests.
Involvement of Parents in Remote Learning of Children amid COVID-19 Crisis in the Philippines: A Transcendental Phenomenology
Authors: Cahapay Michael B.
Published: June 2021

This paper aimed to explore how parents give meaning to their involvement in the remote learning of their children amid the COVID-19 crisis. Based on Husserlian transcendental approach in phenomenology, the researcher sought to explore the world of 12 parents, specifically mothers, from Mindanao, Philippines through online interviews. The result revealed 36 significant statements forming four emergent themes. These themes underscore the experience of parental involvement in the remote learning of their children amid crisis as 1.) journeying through a myriad of changes; 2.) connecting with the child physically and emotionally; 3.) experiencing multifaceted difficulties in the process; and 4.) responding to the call of new challenges of parenting. These themes are further elaborated through textural and structural descriptions. A statement of the essence of the lived experience of parents as a result of intuitive integration is offered. Aside from theoretical contributions, the outcomes gained in this paper offer several future practical insights for crisis planning in education.
Unknown Oriented Programming: Mathematical Continuation
Authors:   Tellhow Institute of Smart City, Beijing, China., Ping Zhu
Published: June 2021

Natural language semantic engineering problems are faced with unknown input and intensive knowledge challenges. In order to adapt to the featuresof natural language semantic engineering, the AI programinglanguage needs to be expanded mathematically: 1) Using many ways to improve the spatial distribution and coverage of instances; 2) Keeping different abstract function versions running at the same time; 3) Providing a large numberof knowledge configuration files and supporting functions to deal with intensive knowledge problems; 4) Using the most possibilitypriority call to solve the problem of multiple running branchestraversal. This paper introduces the unknown oriented programming ideas, basic strategy formulation,language design and simulation running examples. It provides a new method for the incremental research and development of large-scale natural language semantic engineeringapplication. Finally, this paper summarizes the full text and puts forward the further research direction.
Applying Statistical Machine Learning Methods to Analysis Differences in the Severity Level of COVID-19 among Countries
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, NYC, NY, USA., Yin Wen , Pan Chenchen , Deng Nanyi , Ji Dong
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant negative impact on countries around the world, and there appears to be an observable difference in severity among nations. This study aims to provide an insight into the roles many social and economic factors played in contributing to this variation. By investigating potential patterns through exploratory data analysis, followed by constructing models using several popular machine learning techniques, we examine the validity of the underlying assumptions and identifying any potential limitations. Total deaths per million population is used as dependent variable with log transformation to remove outliers. A set of factors such as life expectancy, unemployment rate and population are available in the dataset. After removing and transforming outliers, various machine learning methods with cross validation are implemented and the optimal model is determined by predefined metrics such as root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) and mean-squared-error (MAE). The results show that the Gradient Boost Machine (GBM) technique achieves the most optimal results in terms of minimum RMSE and MAE. The RMSE and MAE values indicate no over fitting issues and the GBM algorithm captures the most influential factors such as life expectancy, healthcare expense per Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP per capita, which are clearly critical explanatory variables for predicting total deaths per million population.
Minimization of Mean-CVaR Evacuation Time of a Crowd using Rescue Guides:
a Scenario-based Approach
Authors: Von Schantz Anton , Ehtamo Harri , Hostikka Simo
Published: June 2021

In case of a threat in a public space, the crowd in it should be moved
to a shelter or evacuated without delays. Risk management and evacuation
planning in public spaces should also take into account uncertainties in the
traffic patterns of crowd flow. One way to account for the uncertainties is
to make use of safety staff, or guides, that lead the crowd out of the
building according to an evacuation plan. Nevertheless, solving the minimum
time evacuation plan is a computationally demanding problem. In this paper,
we model the evacuating crowd and guides as a multi-agent system with the
social force model. To represent uncertainty, we construct probabilistic
scenarios. The evacuation plan should work well both on average and also for
the worst-performing scenarios. Thus, we formulate the problem as a
bi-objective scenario optimization problem, where the mean and conditional
value-at-risk (CVaR) of the evacuation time are objectives. A solution
procedure combining numerical simulation and genetic algorithm is presented.
We apply it to the evacuation of a fictional passenger terminal. In the
mean-optimal solution, guides are assigned to lead the crowd to the nearest
exits, whereas in the CVaR-optimal solution the focus is on solving the
physical congestion occurring in the worst-case scenario. With one guide
positioned behind each agent group near each exit, a plan that minimizes
both objectives is obtained.
THE LUMINESCENCE AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF Nd3+ DOPED Sr2SiO4
Authors: YEŞİLKAYNAK Tuncay , DEMİRDOGEN Ruken Esra , KAFADAR Vural , EMEN Fatih
Published: June 2021

Sr2SiO4:%3Nd3+ was synthesized and its structural characterization was made via XRD technique. The results indicated that Sr2SiO4:%3Nd3+ had Pmma (62) space group (PDF: 00-039-1256) in the orthorhombic crystal system. Luminescence and thermoluminescence (TL) properties of Sr2SiO4:%3Nd3 was investigated in detail. Computerized glow curve deconvolution methods was used for to determine the kinetic properties of Sr2SiO4:%3Nd3+. The TL results showed that Sr2SiO4:Nd3+ consisted of seven TL glow peaks.
Isaac Newton's Microtonal Approach to Just Intonation
Authors: Muzzulini Daniel
Published: June 2021

In 1665 Isaac Newton wrote a notebook in which he collected materials for a musical treatise which was never completed. He investigated ways of approximately representing just intonation scales by dividing the octave into many equally sized intervals. Strictly speaking, equal divisions of the octave are incompatible with just intonation, and just intonation intervals are audibly different from the intervals played on a modern equally tempered modern piano. By increasing the number of parts of an equal division, just intonation can be approximated arbitrarily well. Scales with more than 60 microtonal steps per octave, however, never gained wide acceptance in music theory or practice. Newton divided the octave into 612 equal parts so that he could represent the syntonic chromatic scale very accurately and he studied several equal divisions of the octave with fewer parts. His approximation problem is looked at in three ways: (1) A reconstruction of how he determined the many EDO-representations listed in the notebook is given. (2) Using computer programs Newton's tuning problem is solved "empirically" through calculating and evaluating the related approximations comprehensively. (3) The findings from the computer-assisted analysis are used to develop a more general geometric approach to the approximation problem.
Features of DNA reparative synthesis and gene polymorphism of biotransformation enzymes of xenobiotics in lung cancer patients
Authors: Sevoctyanova N. V. , Freidin M. B. , Ogorodova L. M. , Puzyrev V. P. , Cherdyntseva N. V. , Plotnikova N. N. , Kolomiets S. A. , Urazova L. N. , Karpov A. B. , Takhauov R. M. , Ten I. A. , Nerush E. V. , Dmitrieva A. I.
Published: June 2021

This paper shows results of comparative study of DNA reparation system and gene polymorphism of biotransformation enzymes of xenobiotics in patients with lung cancer (LC), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy adults. We examined 50 patients with central LC: 41 males, 9 females with the average age of 56.57 ± 7.96 yrs treated in Oncology Research Institute in Tomsk. Comparative groups involved 46 chronic bronchitis patients with preneoplastic lesions of bronchial epithelium proved by morphologic and endoscopic examinations and 50 healthy men of the same age without respiratory pathology. Cell reparative activity was studied in blood lymphocytes. DNA samples of the LC and COPD patients were typed for polymorphism of GSTT1, GSTM1 and CYP2C19 biotransformation genes. The results showed reduced functional activity of DNA reparation systems as well as in chronic bronchitis patients and LC patients. Investigation of DNA reparative synthesis intensity revealed significant inhibition of this process in most of the LC patients. This intensity was related to a histological type of the tumour and its stage. The LC patients had decreased rate of the GSTM1 null genotype that could be specific for this pathology. The genotype spread in the LC patients greatly differed from that in healthy (p = 0.047) but the spread in the COPD patients was close to that in healthy. A difference between the LC patients and COPD patients was not found because of a small size of the groups. Thus, studies with larger sizes are required. Practical importance of such studies could be development of genotyping test sets to predict an increased risk for neoplasm occurrence.
Misdiagnosis in pulmonology
Authors: Chernyaev A. L.
Published: June 2021

.
Influence of respiratory therapy on the breath regulation in COPD patients and healthy persons
Authors: Karzilov A. I. , Tetenev F. F. , Bodrova T. N.
Published: June 2021

Relations between perception of breathing and work of the respiratory center (RC) in healthy persons (n = 20) and COPD patients (n = 64) were studied using the electric stimulation of the diaphragm (ESD) and subsequent inhalations of the bronchodilator Berodual. Descriptive, comparative, correlative, multifactorial, regressive and informative analyses of the results were performed. The ESD and Berodual were found to have adaptive effects on sensory parts of the central nervous system and work of the RC. Structural models of breathing patterns have been described which create basic functional biomechanical links of the respiratory systems adjustable by the RC.
Ribosomal immune stimulation. The review of trials evaluating clinical significance of the point in prevention of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children
Authors: Bellanti J. A. , Olivieri D. , Serrano E.
Published: June 2021

.
Hereditary factors in respiratory pathology
Authors: Didkovsky N. A. , Zharova M. A.
Published: June 2021

.
Diffuse alveolar lesion: etiology, pathogenesis, pathology
Authors: Chernyaev A. L. , Samsonova M. V.
Published: June 2021

.
Bronchodilating therapy of stable chronic obstructive lung disease
Authors: Emelyanov A. V.
Published: June 2021

.
Etiology and pathogenesis of community-acquired pneumonia in adults
Authors: Zubkov M. N.
Published: June 2021

.
Acustic analysis of respiratory sounds: state of art
Authors: Guseinov A. A. , Aisanov Z. R. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

.
Efficacy of therapy with Berodual N by means of small spacers in patients with acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Avdeev S. N. , Nuralieva G. S. , Batin S. Z. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

The randomized controlled single hospital centre study assessed the efficacy of therapy with Berodual N (fenoterol / ipratropium) delivered by means of small spacers in patients with acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases. Inclusion criteria were acute exacerbation of COPD or asthma, age 18–75 yrs, FEV1 30–60 %, no need for respiratory support. 61 patients with COPD or asthma (M : F = 37 : 24, mean age 59 ± 8 yrs; FEV1 — 40 ± 11 %, SpO2 = 94 ± 2 %) were randomized to Berodual N 2 inhalations via MDI (n = 31) or Berodual N 2 inhalations via spacer-MDI (n = 30). Therapy with Berodual N in both groups of patients led to statistically significant improvement in FEV1, FVC and IC, and to decrease in respiratory rate and dispnea. Therapy with Berodual N via spacer-MDI resulted in more significant improvement of FVC and IC (difference between groups after 0.5 and 1 h after inhalation: р < 0.05). Dyspnea score also improved more significantly in patients received Berodual N via spacer-MDI (difference between groups after 0.5 and 1 h after inhalation: р < 0.05). The incidence of adverse events was similar between the groups. Conclusion: in patients with acute exacerbations of obstructive pulmonary diseases therapy with Berodual N by means of small spacers and MDI is more effective in comparison with MDI only.
About safety of long-acting β2-agonists. A cardiologist's point of view
Authors: Yavelov I. S.
Published: June 2021

.
Acute lung injury syndrome
Authors: Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

.
Alfa-1-antitripsin deficiency and chronic obstrictive pulmonary disease
Authors: Averyanov A. V. , Polivanova A. E.
Published: June 2021

.
Bronchoectasis disease in children
Authors: Rozinova N. N. , Lev N. S. , Zakharov P. P.
Published: June 2021

.
Diagnosis and treatment of psychovegetative disorders in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Mordyk A. V. , Lysov A. V. , Ivanova O. G. , Pusyreva L. V. , Kazakov A. V.
Published: June 2021

We studied psychovegetative status and efficacy of Afobazol for correction of psychovegetative disorders and prevention of adverse effects of antituberculosis drugs in patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis. The study involved 98 patients: 49 patients received antituberculosis therapy and Afobazol (the 1st group) and 49 patients were treated with antituberculosis medications only (the 2nd group). We found that 100 % of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients had psychovegetative disorders with imbalance in all components of the vegetative nervous system, hyperactivity of the sympathetic component and high levels of somatic and psychic anxiety. Antituberculosis chemotherapy enhances psychovegetative disorders. Addition of anxiolytic drug Afobazol to the antituberculosis therapy improved results of the treatment probably due to improvement in the vegetative nervous function, alleviation of psychic disorders and increase tolerability of antituberculosis therapy.
Treatment of acute bronchitis in adults with extract of Pelargonium Sidoides: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial
Authors: Chuchalin A. G. , Berman B. , Lemakher V.
Published: June 2021

Acute bronchitis is a wide-spread disease. Although it is generally caused by viruses, antibiotics are used for its treatment too much often. So it is very important to evaluate alternative therapy of acute bronchitis. The aim of the trial was to assess efficacy and safety of Pelargonium Sidoides (EPs 7630 is a registered trademark of Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co, Karlsruhe, Germany) compared to placebo in patients with acute bronchitis. Study design: randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial with planned interim analysis. The trial centres: 6 outpatient medical centres. Patients: 124 adult patients with acute bronchitis, onset of the disease ≤ 48 h, and severity of symptoms ≥ 5 according to BSS scale gave written informed concert. EPs 7630 or placebo were administered in the dose of 30 drops t.i.d. during 7 days. The primary outcome measure was BSS scoring at the 7th day of the treatment. BSS scoring decreased by 7.2 ± 3.1 in the EPs 7630 group (n = 64) vs 4.9 ± 2.7 in the placebo group (n = 60). 95 % confidence interval (CI, 1.21, 3.56) for difference of the effects between two groups demonstrated significant improvement in the EPs 7630 in 7 days of the treatment compared to the placebo group (p < 0.0001). The EPs 7630 patients had parameters of complete recovery for every of 5 individual symptoms reliably higher compared to placebo patients. During the first 4 days of the treatment therapeutic effect was noted in 68.8 % of the EPs 7630 group vs 33.3 % of the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Health-related quality of life improved better in the EPs 7630 patients compared to the placebo group. Adverse events were found in 25 of 124 patients: 15 / 64 in the EPs 7630 group and 10 / 60 in the placebo group. All the adverse events were considered as non-serious. The efficacy of EPs 7630 in treatment of adults with acute bronchitis was higher compared to placebo. It could be an efficient alternative drug in therapy of acute bronchitis at the absence of indications for antibiotics administration.
The particularities of cold-induced bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with chronic respiratory diseases
Authors: Prikhodko A. G. , Kolosov A. V.
Published: June 2021

Prevalence and clinical and physiological features of coldinduced bronchial hyperreactivity in patients with respiratory diseases were shown. In patients with chronic bronchitis, coldinduced bronchial hyperreactivity was associated with worsening of lung ability to condition the inspired air. Disorders of respiratory heat exchange in patients with bronchial asthma were not the leading cause of coldinduced bronchoconstriction, which was associated with high sensitivity of airway receptors and IgEdependent mechanisms. A set of diagnostic criteria allowing detection of the dominant mechanism of airway cold hyperreactivity was proposed.
Clinical and morphological comparisons as a part of a physician's mastering
Authors: Verktin A. L. , Zayratyants O. V. , Vovk E. I. , Frolova Yu. V. , Aristarkhova O. Yu. , Lukashov M. I.
Published: June 2021

.
Application of functional tests to estimate arterial stiffness in asthmatic patients
Authors: Geltser B. I. , Brodskaya T. A. , Nevzorova V. A.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the research was to study mechanical properties of the aorta using functional tests in patients with asthma. We examined 54 asthmatic patients and 25 healthy volunteers using noninvasive arteriography (arteriograph TensioClinic TL1, TensioMed, Hungary), exercise (PE) and nitroglycerine (NG) tests. Transitory increase in aortal stiffness was observed in patients with exacerbation of severe and moderate asthma. The degree of this increase closely correlated to severity of the disease, ventilation disorders, and hypoxemia. These results suggest higher cardiovascular risk in such patients. Patients with asthma demonstrated amplified or weakened reaction of aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) to the PE depending on baseline values of these parameters: higher aPWV corresponded to weaker reaction to PE, and vise versa. As a whole, reduction in arterial stiffness during the NG test in asthma patients was significantly less than in healthy persons. The aPWV reaction to NG was more prominent during exacerbations of severe asthma. Therefore, functional tests investigating mechanical properties of aorta substantially supplemented traditional arteriography. Pathological reaction to PE was seen in some patients with stable asthma and normal aPWV values.
Diagnostic value of measurement of exhaled endogenous nonvolatile substances
Authors: Dobrykh V. A. , Mun I. E. , Gnatjuk O. P.
Published: June 2021

The total amount of nonvolatile substances in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a biomarker of formation of dispersed aerosol in airways. Exhaled endogenous nonvolatile substances have been studied in 358 healthy persons and patients with respiratory, heart, and renal diseases. The exhalation of endogenous nonvolatile substances was not associated with gender but enhanced with aging. Smoking, acute period of pneumonia, and chronic renal insufficiency increased nonvolatile substances volume in EBC. Chronic heart failure and COPD reduced this parameter. Concentration of nonvolatile substances in EBC increased in all these diseases. Proposed diagnostic test could be useful for investigation of EBC.
Actinomycosis of the lungs and bronchi
Authors: Chernekhovskaya N. E. , Burova S. A. , Povalyaev A. V.
Published: June 2021

.
Clinical and functional features of occupational lung disorders caused by exposure of low-fibrogenic industrial aerosols
Authors: Kosarev V. V. , Zhestkov A. V. , Babanov S. A. , Kosov A. I.
Published: June 2021

Clinical, bronchoscopic, functional, and echocardiographic peculiarities of pneumoconiosis and dust related bronchitis caused by exposure of mixed limestone and dolomite dust are describes in the paper. Authors have studied a rate of biological aging under exposure of low-fibrogenic aerosols. Relationship has been demonstrated between functional and structural disorders of respiratory and cardiovascular systems in dust related respirato- ry pathology caused by exposure of limestone and dolomite dusts. A difference between actual and predicted biological age is shown to be used as a marker of premorbid conditions in workers exposed to industrial dust.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Authors: Rivas de Andres J. , Jimenez Lopez M. , Molins Lopez-Rodo L. , Perez Trullen A. , Torres Lanzase J.
Published: June 2021

.
Combined radiological diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Gorbunov N. A. , Laptev V. Ya.
Published: June 2021

.
Prevention and control of chronic non-infectious diseases
Authors: Chuchalin A. G.
Published: June 2021

.
Computed tomography scoring in adults with cystic fibrosis (CF): correlation with clinical and functional measurements
Authors: Amelina E. L. , Marchenkov Ya. V. , Cherniak A. V. , Krasovsky S. A.
Published: June 2021

The aim of our study was to evaluate HRCT abnormalities in adult CF patients and to determine correlations between these findings and clinical, exercise, lung function measurements and BMI, if any. 33 patients participated in the study. All patients had documented clinical and genotypic features of CF as well as abnormal sweat test results. CT scans were scored using Bhalla scoring system. Body plethysmography, lung diffusion capacity, oxygen saturation (SpO2), 6-MWT, dyspnea (by Borgand MRC scale) and BMI were also evaluated. Bronchiectasis were observed in all the patients (30 % mild, 46 % moderate, 24 % severe affecting 1–5 segments in 37 %, 6–9 segments in 37 %, and > 9 segments in 26 %) as well as peribronchial wall thickening (mild in 88 %, moderate in 12 %), with bronchial involvement (up to the 4th generation in 40 %, up to the 5th in 37 %, up to the 6th and more distal in 23 %) and mucus plugging were found in 54 % of patients. Less common abnormalities included sacculations or abscesses, bullae, emphysema and collapse (36, 18, 15 and 15 %, respectively). The overall HRCT score showed significant correlations to lung function, BMI and SpO2, more closely to bronchiectasis and bronchial involvement. 6-minute distance, though correlating significantly with BMI and lung function, had no correlation with HRCT findings. HRCT is a sensitive tool to evaluate morphologic pulmonary changes in CF patients. Bronchiectasis and peribronchial wall thickening are the most common finding in CF adults. Extent of bronchiectasis and generations of bronchial divisions involved correlated best with clinical, BMI and lung function measurements.
Current approach to diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Avdeev S. N.
Published: June 2021

.
Особенности биоэлектрической активности головного
мозга в зависимости от степени тяжести бронхиальной
астмы
Authors: Ермакова Е.В. , Перельман Ю.М. , Колосов В.П.
Published: June 2021

У 102 больных бронхиальной астмой (БА) с различной степенью тяжести заболевания в период обострения проанализированы
особенности биоэлектрической активности головного мозга. У абсолютного большинства больных выявлены нарушения функционального состояния центральной нервной системы, проявляющиеся на электроэнцефалограмме диффузными изменениями
биоэлектрической активности головного мозга различной степени выраженности. По мере нарастания степени тяжести БА отмечается
вовлечение срединно-стволовых структур мозга.
Влияние тиотропия бромида на переносимость физической
нагрузки и качество жизни у больных хронической
обструктивной болезнью легких
Authors: Волкова Л. И. , Тимофеева А. В. , Смолина Е. С. , Аминова З. Р.
Published: June 2021

Изучены динамика 6минутного шагового теста, отражающего толерантность к физической нагрузке, и качество жизни у 37 больных
хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) при терапии тиотропия бромидом в течение 1 года, при условии, что этот
препарат был назначен впервые. Установлено, что длительная терапия тиотропия бромидом позволяет улучшить переносимость
физических нагрузок и качество жизни у пациентов с любой стадией ХОБЛ.
Disparitas Penjatuhan Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Perdagangan Satwa Yang Dilindungi
Authors: Raya Bella Cinu , Widowati Yeni
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku perdagangan satwa dilindungi. Pada penjatuhan sanksi pidana tersebut terdapat penjatuhan sanksi pidana yang berbeda terhadap tindak pidana yang sama, sehingga menimbulkan disparitas dalam putusan hakim. Disparitas dalam putusan hakim merupakan hal yang wajar terjadi, dikarenakan dapat dikatakan hampir tidak ada perkara yang benar-benar sama. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui apakah yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan hakim sehingga disparitas peradilan pidana terjadi dalam kasus tindak pidana perdagangan satwa yang dilindungi. Jenis penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Untuk melengkapi data penelitian ini penulis melakukan wawancara terhadap narasumber di Pengadilan Negeri Sleman dan Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana terhadap pelaku berdasarkan pada fakta-fakta dipersidangan dengan mempertimbangkan keadaan memberatkan dan meringankan dari pelaku. Disparitas pidana ini juga disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu, latar belakang pelaku melakukan tindak pidana tersebut, pelaku mengakui perbuatannya atau tidak, umur pelaku, barang bukti, keadaan yang memberatkan dan meringankan pelaku serta fakta-fakta di persidangan serta faktor yang bersumber dari hakim itu sendiri dikarenakan hakim memiliki kebebasan dalam menentukan berat ringannya pidana dan tidak dapat dipengaruhi oleh sesama hakim yang dulu pernah memutus perkara dalam tindak pidana yang sama.
A study of atherogenic index of plasma in myocardial infarction patients admitted in Silchar medical college, Assam, India
Authors: Choudhury Biswadeep , Chakraborty Manidip , Karim Nabiha Mayanaz
Published: June 2021

Background:It is an established fact that dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction. Major well-known alterations in lipid profile include high serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Recently, it has been found that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); which is a logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride and HDL-C; can predict cardio-vascular disease risk and can also be used for cardio-vascular disease risk stratification. In this study we have calculated the AIP from fasting lipid profile of patients suffering from myocardial infarction and tried to assess the correlation between AIP and myocardial infarction.Methods: The study comprised of fifty patients suffering from myocardial infarction aged more than 18 with no prior history of cardiovascular diseases. We measured fasting lipid profile using Vitros 5600 full auto analyzer and calculated AIP using online AIP calculator. Statistical analysis was done using “Microsoft excel 2019” with add on. A significant percentage (66%) of myocardial infarction patients had higher AIP (>0.21) and fell in the high-risk group. We also got a significant relationship between AIP-triglyceride and AIP-HDL-C (p<0.05 considered as statistically significant).Conclusions: AIP is high in myocardial infarction patients. In this group, besides high AIP, they also have low HDL-C and high triglycerides which are significant. So, AIP can be used as a tool for cardio-vascular disease risk stratification.