bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical risk factor affecting project performance in West Sumatera
Authors: Kurniawan D. , Masril  , Rahman A.
Published: May 2020

The construction industry has a very dynamic nature with threats that must be faced. Every construction project, risks must exist and are common except if the owner can transfer them to another party by paying compensation. In order for risk or uncertainty to be controlled and anticipated as early as possible, the risks that exist and potentially cause losses must be managed as well as possible. From the description above, this study aims to identify critical risks factor (CRF) that occur in building projects that have an influence on contractors and analyse important risk factors that occur projects in the province of West Sumatra. The aim of the research was to identify and assess risk factors during the construction phase of construction projects in West Sumatera. Respondents of this study are Contractors, Supervision & Owner. Data retrieval is done by random sampling with a structured questionnaire. Furthermore, all questionnaires that were collected were analysed statistically, using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0 program. The results showed the critical risks affecting project performance identified appears to be that the most critical factor is project management risk, material risk, design and architect risk, equipment and also safety risk
Building safety index for elementary school building in West Sumatera
Authors: Masril  , Kurniawan Deddy , Ismail Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Safety and health In building planning must be considered during the building service period. The research objective is the application of Safety Building Index (BSI) in elementary school building planning. The factors of previous research were six factors, and the authors assessed Seven, namely architectural factors, building services, the external environment, operational and maintenance, administration and management of building maintenance. The research method was carried out by distributing questionnaires then distributed to construction practitioners such as architects, engineers, surveyors, contractors, consultants and developers. After completing the questionnaire, form to carry out the analysis with the SPSS program. The results of statistical analysis reveal the highest level of influence of each building factor on building planning. The research findings are the influence of each of the factors reviewed and which factors are dominant. The most dominant factors that must be considered by planners in designing elementary school buildings so that the Building Safety index can be applied in elementary schools in West Sumatra Padang.
A review of corruption in public procurement in Indonesia
Authors: Yustiarini Dewi , Soemardi Biemo W.
Published: May 2020

The implementation of a good State is one of the benefits of preventing corruption, meaning that Indonesia’s funds and natural resources are fully managed for the interests and prosperity of the people. The public understands corruption as something detrimental to state finances. In Law 31 : 1999 in conjunction with Law 20 : 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crime there are 30 types of corruption. One of the seven Corruption Crime groups is gratification. Two of the seven principles of gratification control are transparency and accountability. The principle of openness is reflected in the mechanism for reporting on receipt of gratuities to the Corruption Eradication Commission. This study attempts to identify various aspects associated with the potential occurrence of corruption in the procurement of Government sector infrastructure projects based on a literature review through existing legislation in Indonesia. The results of the study are expected to be able to find indicators as potential corruption in public infrastructure procurement.
Thermal comfort study for classroom in urban and rural schools in Selangor
Authors: Mazlan Ain Naadia , Saad Syazwan , Yahya Khairulzan , Haron Zaiton , Abang Hasbollah Dayang Zulaika , Kasiman Erwan Hafizi , Rahim Noorlizawati Abd , Salehudddin Ainon Muhamed
Published: May 2020

Optimum comfort factors help in enhancing effective learning process in a classroom. The aim of this research is to study thermal comfort in school classroom for a more desirable learning process. Four schools consist of urban and rural schools in Selangor were selected for this study. Field measurement and questionnaires was used to measure the level of comfort and satisfaction of school teacher and student in classroom. Data was collected using Temperature data-loggers (SD500 Humidity/Temperature Data logger). The questionnaire was analysed based on Likert’s scale rating. Result from both on-field measurement and questionnaire survey suggests that thermal comfort have greater importance to focus. All the schools tested higher temperature than the recommended value. This study also outlines several improvement suggestions actions for better comfort level such as better air ventilation system and smaller class size
A study on integration of building information modelling (BIM) in civil engineering curricular
Authors: Kordi N E , Zainuddin N I , Taruddin N F , Tengku Aziz T N A , Abdul Malik A
Published: May 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a practical approach that can manage the construction projects’ life cycle activities and be used by the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) to ensure the excellent quality of the projects, reduce cost and facilitate communication among contractor players. The development of the BIM uses in the construction industry has widely spread in many countries, unfortunately not in Malaysia even though it started in Malaysia since 2004. Several universities worldwide offer BIM courses in their program, while many others are under the process of integrating BIM into their curricula. Most of the universities lack the realization of the importance of BIM application, BIM teaching strategy, and plans to overcome the barriers to integration of BIM into the curriculum. This paper presents the current state of BIM education in the engineering program in the Faculty of Civil Engineering (FCE) as a case study. A detailed literature review and questionnaire survey performed for this purpose, followed by statistical analysis. The research presented the status of BIM education in FCE and formulated a framework that will provide guidelines for those universities which are not currently implementing BIM or just started developing BIM curriculum. More practical project-based class assignments that supported students with learning how to apply different formal project management methods to real-world project management problems will be adapt. The program in the universities will be able to produce graduates who are equipped with the necessary knowledge and skills of modern tools such as BIM before they enter into their professional careers.
Slope stability analysis along the road between Yinmabin and Kalaw in Mandalay region and Shan state, Myanmar
Authors: Myat A K , Aung D W , Zaw T N , New H M
Published: May 2020

Slope stability analysis along the road between Yinmabin and Kalaw, in Mandalay Region and Shan State was carried out aiming to gain preventive measure for the landslide due to the lack of consideration on landslide hazards and associated risk. The rocks comprise the sedimentary rocks of Plateau Limestone Group, Loi-an Group and Kalaw Red Bed, and the Yinmabin Metamorphics. Notably, four types of landslides such as rockfall, debris flow, creep and slump have been identified along this road. Rockfall is the commonest landslide mainly occurs along the manmade road cuttings generating potential threats to human life triggered by heavy and prolong rainstorm. Slope Mass Rating (SMR) values indicated that Yinmabin Meamorphics is the most vulnerable to landslide. Three types of failures such as wedge, plane and toppling failures are confirmed by kinematic analysis. Moreover, a total of three landslide hazard zones is interpreted based on geological and geotechnical parameters. These zones are described as Landslide Hazard Zone I (west of Yinmabin), Zone II (eastern part of Yebokson and western part of Kyatsakan) and Zone III (the area between Nampandet and Wetphuye). Remedial measures have been proposed to mitigate the hazard.
Calibration of rock Brazilian test using discrete element method in LS-DYNA
Authors: Shahrin M I , Abdullah R A , Jeon S , Jeon B , Sa’ari R , Alel M N A
Published: May 2020

Brazilian test which also known as indirect tensile test is widely used to evaluate the tensile strength of rock. Discrete element method (DEM) together with finite element method (FEM) approach was used to investigate numerically the response of granite material under Brazilian test for indirect measurement of tensile strength of rocks. The calibration analysis performed in this study using the commercial software LS-DYNA. It has been attempted to calibrate the micro-parameters in bonded particle model of granite rock for numerical modelling. In hybrid DEM-FEM simulation, the rock specimen was modelled in DEM while the steel plates were simulated using FEM. This numerical analysis is compared to experimental data of Brazilian test. It shows that the combination of numerical methods simulation could reproduce the trends of experimentally observed stress-strain curve of granite rock under tensile loading. Besides that, the hybrid DEM-FEM simulation also shows the same failure mode of granite specimen. Comparison between experimental data and numerical analyses is presented and discussed.
Effectiveness of crumb rubber for subgrade soil stabilization
Authors: Juliana I , Fatin A R , Rozaini R , Masyitah M N , Khairul A H , Nur Shafieza A
Published: May 2020

The properties of subgrade soil are important in the pavement design as its main function is to support the load transmitted from overlying pavement layers. Subgrade must have sufficient strength and stability even under bad traffic and climate conditions. Soil with good qualities should be used as subgrade but not all soil possesses the required abilities as there are some locations that have poor qualities of in-situ soil. The stabilization of soil can be used to improve the poor subgrade; hence it may reduce the thickness of pavement design and also increase life of the pavement. In this study, soil stabilization using crumb rubber is the alteration of subgrade soil as the properties of crumb rubber are lightweight and high shear strength. Moreover, it can also reduce the improper tyre’s disposal problem and pollutions. The soil used are collected from a landslide site located near to Mengkuang Dam in Seberang Perai Tengah, Penang in order to investigate the performance of subgrade soil stabilized with 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% of Crumb Rubber (CR). A series of laboratory testing of unsoaked and soaked (4 days) California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test have been performed to evaluate the best percentage of CR which fulfilled the JKR specification for subgrade. The results show that all mixtures; M2 (2% CR), M3 (4% CR), M4 (6% CR), and M5 (8% CR) are fulfilled the subgrade requirement according to the Public Works Department Malaysia (JKR) standard specification for road works where the CBR value must achieve more than 5%. The mixture with 4% CR (M3) shows the highest unsoaked and soaked CBR values, thus, the 4% CR is recommended to be implemented for subgrade soil stabilization.
Social aspect implementation in sustainable construction
Authors: Kamaruddin T , Adul Hamid R , Abd Ghani S
Published: May 2020

The concept of sustainable development integrates social, economic and environmental dimensions. There are various models that have been developed to monitor and ensure the sustainability concept are adapted in the construction process applicably. However, most sustainability studies that discussed in construction projects are more focus on environmental aspects rather than economics aspects and social aspects. Meanwhile, only a few studies are discussed on social aspects. Therefore, this study tries to investigate the perception of industry on the implementation. This study is conducted to identify the level of agreement to the implementation of social aspects in sustainable construction and the barriers faced. The social factors (accessibility, health, safety, human rights, education, equity, occupancy design requirement, culture, integrity and stakeholder’s involvement) and the barriers (government enforcement, awareness, knowledge and experience, skills, involvement and cost factors) have been identified through literature review. The methodology used was quantitative methods through the formulation of questionnaires distributed to respondents with experience and experts in sustainable construction industry such as Green Manager (Architect, Engineer, and Quantity Surveyor), Town and Regional Planner and academician. The findings obtained through the mean score analysis have found that, the highest three (3) social factors on the agreement of the implementation of social aspects in sustainable construction which are the factors of occupancy design requirement, education and factor of involvement. Whereas the highest three barriers to the implementation were weaknesses of government enforcement, cost factors and stakeholder engagement in sustainable construction. However, there is no association between the numbers of years of respondent’s experience with the selection of social factors measured by using gamma test. Thus, it can be concluded that not all aspects agreed by the respondents will influence the actual execution that they will perform in the actual situation on site.
Effect of high temperatures on physical and compressive strength properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating palm oil fuel ash
Authors: Mujedu Kasali A , Ab-Kadir Mariyana A , Ismail Mohammad
Published: May 2020

Palm oil fuel ash (POFA) has been widely utilized to replace cement in self – compacting concrete (SCC) to reduce the cost of its production, environmental pollution and health hazard caused in the cement production. However, the effect of high temperatures on SCC incorporating POFA has not been well established. The purpose of this research is to examine effects of high temperatures on the physical and compressive strength properties of SCC incorporating POFA with replacement level of 20% by weight of cement. The compressive strengths of SCC specimens were evaluated at 28 days of curing using both cubes and cylinders. Thereafter, the SCC specimens were exposed to high temperatures of 200, 400, 600 and 800 °C using an electric furnace for a period of 2 hours after attaining the required temperatures. After exposure, mass losses together with residual compressive strength were determined. The results of the test showed that there was a continuous reduction in mass of the specimens with increase in temperature. The results also revealed that the colour of the specimens does not change at 200 °C but the colour changes started to occur between 400 °C up to 800 °C. There was an increase in the residual compressive strength for the two mixes at temperature range of 200 – 400 °C for the cubes and cylinders whereas at the temperature of 400 – 600 °C and 600 – 800 °C, there was a sharp reduction in the residual compressive strength for the two mixes for the cubes and cylinders. The SCC with and without POFA follow the same trends.
Improving strength of porous asphalt: a nano material experimental approach
Authors: Pradoto Rani , Puri Eliza , Hadinata Tri , Rahman Qinthara D.
Published: May 2020

Porous asphalt (PA) has potential to be utilized in many urban area in Indonesia which often faced high street runoff during rainy season. PA is an environmentally friendly tool for stormwater management. A typical porous pavement has an open-graded surface over an underlying stone recharge bed. The water drains through the porous asphalt and into the stone bed, then, slowly, infiltrates into the soil. However, despite of the benefit of porous asphalt, there is still weaknesses, such as less of service life than dense-graded asphalt due to its lower durability and strength. In order to improve durability and strength of PA, this study investigates the effect of using fly ash (FA) class F in porous asphalt (PA) mixture as replacement of common filler. Since asphalt pen 60/70 is mainly binder material in Indonesia, it is used as the default for all samples in this experiment. The optimum bitumen content (OBC) was determined for all the mix by Marshall mix design. In view of the nanomaterial approach, samples were then prepared for the same optimum bitumen content (5.85%) by using Bina-Marga’s PA standard in control mix as well as natural FA and treated FA as alternative filler in modified mixes. Treated FA itself has been milled using transversal ball mill machine for 3 to 6 hours. Experimental results indicated higher stability value and reduction of permeability with the same OBC for the mixture having treated FA as filler content in comparison with standard mix and natural FA mix. It is proposed that additional finer material of treated Fly ash as alternative filler added into asphalt mixture resulted in improvement strength. In order to do that, the required amount of treated Fly ash should be less than 200 grams.
Fibre optic sensing measurement of static surface load distribution on road base layer
Authors: Giwangkara G G , Mohamed A , Khalid N H A , Nor H M , Ahmad I S , Ullah A , Rogo K U
Published: May 2020

Road base layer has a unique way to distribute the stresses. Unlike a concrete layer which relies on its flexural strength, the road base layer transmit its working load by grain-to-grain contact. Many aspects will affect this load transfer system, for example, the aggregate type, shape, and strength. In this research, the fibre optic sensing was used to obtain the strains of the load under the road base layer. By knowing the strains under the road base layer, then the load distribution characteristic on the road base layer can be obtained. Two samples were tested in this research. Sample A was a road base layer constructed from natural crushed aggregate (NCA), and sample B was constructed from recycled concrete aggregate (RCA). The dimensions of the samples are 1 m x 1 m with 200 mm of thickness. A gradual static load was applied on the road base layer surface and the fibre optic sensing will measure the strains at the bottom of the road base layer. A software simulation also conducted as a comparison for the mechanical test. The result shows that the distribution area of road base layer from RCA is smaller than road base layer from NCA which means it distributes less stress than road base layer from NCA. It means that NCA has a better grain-to-grain action compare to RCA.
Study on the molecular structure of epoxy resin without hardener in mortar
Authors: Ariffin Nur Farhayu , Shukor Lim Nor Hasanah Abdul , Syed Mohsin Sharifah Maszura , Hussin Mohd Warid , Mohd Sam Abdul Rahman , Lee Han Seung
Published: May 2020

The principal of molecular structure of cement mortar is important as it shows a component and interaction between cement and additive. By using a themogrativimetric analysis, the phase of mortar structure when exposed to high temperature can be determined. This paper presents the study on influence of epoxy resin without hardener on the microstructure of mortar. Mortar specimens were prepared with mass ratio of 1:3 (cement: fine aggregate), water-cement ratio of 0.48 and 5 to 20% epoxy resin of cement content. All tested specimens were subjected to wet-dry curing; where compressive strength, apparent porosity, thermogrativimetric analysis and fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy were measure. Result shows that, all strength properties of epoxy mortar were significantly higher than control sample and became constant at 10 % of epoxy resin ratio. Thermogrativimetric analysis shows the weight loss of epoxy mortar was almost similar for various percentage of epoxy resin while from fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy test, the component of epoxy mortar and normal mortar was significantly different.
Contractor’s understanding towards the implementation of quality assessment system in construction (QLASSIC) in construction industry
Authors: Khalid Zailawati , Tamjehi Sitti Diana
Published: May 2020

The Quality Assessment System in Construction (QLASSIC) developed by CIDB to measure and evaluate the quality of workmanship and finishes of construction works. Unfortunately, QLASSIC is not fully implemented and applied by all contractors in Malaysia as this element is not a compulsory requirement in getting projects. This paper presents the findings of determination on the understanding of contractors towards the implementation of Quality Assessment System in construction (QLASSIC) in construction industry. This objective was achieved based on the literature review and questionnaire survey. The respondents were selected based on the grade of contractor from G5 to G7 construction companies in Klang Valley. Sample of questionnaire would be 200 and the reply from respondents responded is 95. The data was analysed using Reliability Analysis and Descriptive Analysis. The results indicate that the understanding of contractors is only basic understanding on QLASSIC system but the detail implementation of QLASSIC from contractors were still low. On further research, it may able to study on the implementation of QLASSIC in client’s perspective. The research will study on the implementation of QLASSIC but in the others perspective which is look into the understanding of QLASSIC to clients, the challenges and benefit from QLASSIC implementation.
Flexural behaviour of interlocking brick system with grout cement mixed with various fibre
Authors: Ag. Mumin Awangku Muizz , Tahir Mahmood Md. , Ngian Shek Poi , Shukor Hassanah , Khan Mohammad Rasheed , Tukirin Siti Asiah
Published: May 2020

Interlocking bricks are usually produced by mixing laterite clay, fine sand, and Portland cement. However, the typical problem with this mixture is the formation of cracks due to the brittle behaviour of the interlocking materials mixture. Therefore, there is a need to add some fibres that could enhance the strength of the production of interlocking bricks. This paper presents the effects on compressive and flexural strength of interlocking bricks produced by mixing with synthetic polypropylene fibre (SPF) and palm oil fibre (POF). Tests were carried out to compare the relative strength between normal interlocking brick and proposed interlocking brick with fibre. Nine interlocking bricks with various mixture were tested for compression. Three beams specimen were prepared and tested until failure. The results showed that the addition of fibre has significantly increased the strength of interlocking bricks in all tests. POF interlocking bricks showed the highest strength, while SPF interlocking bricks showed higher in compression but lower in flexural strength than normal interlocking brick. It was concluded that the addition of POF in the interlocking mixture could be used as an additive mixture to improve the strength of the interlocking brick system.
RISBARI: an alternative house model for the 2018 Lombok earthquake affected people
Authors: Awaludin A , Adiyuano Y , Mursyid F A
Published: May 2020

Right after the 2018 Lombok earthquake, a huge number of housings were considered to be rebuilt or partially repaired. Out of more than 216,519 damaged houses, around 75,138 houses have to be demolished and rebuilt at the same location. This construction process is required to carry out immediately as majority of affected dwellers are now living at temporary shelters with very limited privacy. A house model made from cold formed steel structure, RISBARI, was proposed. RISBARI was developed to meet two essential criteria: fast erection process and construction budget constraints. A full scale test of RISBARI was conducted to evaluate its lateral strength capacity. This paper summarize the earthquake-resistant RISBARI house as well as the planning of its implementation in massive production through 5Ms principles.
Rubber Damping System of Industrialised Building System (IBS) Block Work House
Authors: Lee S C , Ma C K
Published: May 2020

The block work house with Industrialised Building System (IBS) is innovated to minimize the rate of casualties from earthquake disaster. In order to improve the ductility of IBS block work house, rubber dampers were used to resist dynamic motion of a structure under seismic event. Through the research, the seismic performance of the 1:5 down scaled IBS block work column was obtained. The objective of this research is to create a robust IBS column by improving the damping system. Time History Test on shake table was conducted for IBS column models to determine its structural behaviour under seismic loading. Three types of IBS column models with different rubber damper type and application were tested. The rubber damping properties for two different rubber types were also obtained. Sabah earthquake 2015 with the PGA of 0.126g was simulated for the time history shake table test. The dynamic parameters such as acceleration, response spectra, and displacement were evaluated. As the results of the study, it was found that the hard rubber has better damping properties than soft rubber. The rubber dampers that installed in xy-plane horizontally on the column system is effective as vibration isolator.
Behaviour of Composite Beam Arranged as Boxed-Section With C-Channel of Cold-Formed Steel of Lipped Section
Authors: Khadavi  , Tahir M.M , Salih Musab N A , Abraham Ahmad S A , Shek P N
Published: May 2020

Cold formed steel (CFS) of lipped C-Channel sections are commonly use because of their simple forming procedures and easy to erect. To improve the flexural strength of the proposed composite beam, the C-channel of Lipped section is arranged toe-to-toe to form into boxed shape section and filled with self-compacting concrete (SCC). Reinforcement bars was used in a tension zone to increase the flexural strength of the proposed beam in this experimental study. A U-shape re-bars was installed to act as shear connections between concrete slab and beam of boxed section filled with self-compacting concrete. Two specimens were prepared and tested until failure. A C-channel section of size 250mm deep, 75mm width, and 2.4mm thick was used for the proposed composite beam section. Longitudinal rebar’s size of 16mm and 20mm were installed at the bottom of the beam encased by the self-compacting concrete of 50MPa. A U-shape re-bar if size 12mm in diameter was used as a shear connector and functioned as vertical shear resistance for the beam system. The beam is kept restrained in position by a profiled metal decking installed on top of the beam to form a slab system also cast using by SCC. The specimens were tested under pure bending arranged as simply supported beams. It was found that the moment resistance of the experimental results agreed well with the predicted numerical analysis.
Technology Assessment in Indonesian Construction Industry
Authors: Soemardi B W , Kusuma B , Abduh M
Published: May 2020

In the last decades the Indonesian construction sector has experienced significant shift in both the size and complexity. The ever-growing size and complexity of construction and infrastructure works often required the employment of non-traditional construction methods and technology. Responding to such needs, however, there remain questions on whether the construction industry is able to respond to such challenges. This paper is to put forward the concept for assessing the technological capability of the Indonesian construction industry. Particularly, it aims to describe how the construction companies evolve in their technological management capability. The assessment will encompass three aspects: technological capacity, development of technology capability and acquisition and adoption of technology. A technology management assessment concept was proposed to determine key factors that influence the way construction companies select and utilize technology to enhancement their performance. Although they appear to agree on general path for technology capability development, large contractors seem to be more prepared in formulating the strategies for the utilization and development of technology in the company’s strategic plans than those of medium-sized contractors.
Critical Success Factors on the Implementation of Industrialized Building System in West Sumatra
Authors: Alzahri  , Zin R M , Farni I , Zainuddin M , Edrizal
Published: May 2020

The construction industry in West Sumatra, Indonesia is experiencing a serious challenge since the occurrence of the devastating earthquake in September 2009. The Infrastructures including residential housing, government offices, roads and bridges were damaged and destroyed. The major problems facing the construction industry is mostly related to poor planning, lack of standards for quality project implementation and poor processing time. One of the possible solutions to answer these problems is by introducing Industrialized Building System (IBS) in the construction industry. The aim of the study described in this paper is to identify the critical success factors (CSF) for the successful implementation of IBS in West Sumatra. The main methodology involved questionnaire survey to various stakeholders of the construction industry who have had experience dealing with IBS construction methods. The results and findings reveal that there are twenty-two critical success factors that need to be considered by the industry in order to ensure the success of IBS implementation. The factors can be grouped into several distinct classifications. It is expected that the findings form this study serve as a gateway for encouragement towards proper implementation of IBS in West Sumatra.
Local effect of column flange flexibility on shear lag in steel box moment connections
Authors: Doung P , Sasaki E
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the shear lag phenomenon occurred in steel box moment connections by considering the local effect of column flange flexibility. The stress concentration due to shear lag in steel box member is one of the major concerns for steel box moment connections. When welding is utilized, the connections are susceptible to cracking or failure in the weld parts. Therefore, the maximum stress in the steel box moment connection is always checked during a preliminary design stage. In this study, the stresses due to shear lag were evaluated using least-work solution, considering the flexibility of column flange. The local flexibility of the connection, which caused by the column flange and diaphragms, is represented by an axial spring model, and contributed to stress distribution in the beam flange. Using the presumed longitudinal displacement functions for both the beam flange and web, the stress concentrations were evaluated to increase significantly compared with that obtained from a cantilever beam model. The finite element assessment was also conducted to check the validity of the manual prediction of the stress in various ranges of the beam and column section properties. The results are further summarized, discussed, and showed that more flexible column flange and diaphragm provided higher stress concentrations.
Structural Health Monitoring of Prestressed Concrete Beams by Vibration- and Impedance-based Smart Technologies
Authors: Ho Duc-Duy , Thanh-Cao Le
Published: May 2020

In this study, vibration- and impedance-based smart technologies are presented for structural health monitoring (SHM) of prestressed concrete (PSC) beams. The following approaches are implemented in order to achieve the objective. Firstly, smart sensors’ hardware and embedded software are designed for vibration and impedance monitoring. In the design, a sensor node to measure PZT’s dynamic strain is newly proposed. Secondly, vibration and impedance responses experimentally measured from a PSC beam are examined to verify the feasibility of the smart sensors for SHM. At least two behaviours of the PSC beam are examined as follows: 1) interaction between girder’s vibration and cable’s vibration and 2) effect of wind speeds on vibration and impedance responses. Finally, the accuracy of cable force monitoring by the smart sensors is evaluated for the PSC beam.
Influence of Rust Removal Process on The Effectiveness of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection in Repair Concrete
Authors: Astuti P , Kamarulzaman K , Rafdinal R S , Hamada H , Sagawa Y , Yamamoto D
Published: May 2020

The accumulation of corrosion product on the steel surface may cause eventual failure to deliver of ionic current protection from sacrificial anode cathodic protection. The effect of cleaning of deteriorated steel bar before cathodic protection application is studied in this paper. Two specimens having a length of 580 mm and 150x100 mm of the cross-sectional area with deteriorated reinforcing bar and half-part of chloride contaminated concrete were fabricated to simulate the repair process. Two corroded reinforcing bar with the same surface condition (ø 13mm) were embedded in concrete parallel to each other with the intermediary distance of 40 mm and the cover depth of 30 mm in the bottom surface of the specimen. In the first specimen, rust on the steel bar surface in the repair section was removed. Discrete sacrificial zinc anode is connected to one steel bar in the repair section. During three-years observation, the specimens were exposed to several conditions: 20°C air curing, dry-wet cycle, dry laboratory air, and wet condition, respectively. Potential of both rebar and the sacrificial anode was monitored to understand the performance of the cathodic protection system. The result indicates that rust removal process of steel bar surface in repair concrete part is the most desirable initial condition when the sacrificial anode is applied on it to protect corroded steel bar in new and existing concrete.
Numerical investigation of coastal sediment transport for assessment of coastal erosion of a Philippine coastline using a 3D hydrodynamic model
Authors: Bautista Dominic , Herrera Eugene , Hernandez Bryan , Yoshikai Masaya , Nakamura Takashi , Nadaoka Kazuo
Published: May 2020

The Philippines, being an archipelagic country with at least 36,000 km of coastline, has been identified to have more than 20 areas that are at risk of coastal erosion. One of these areas, located in Ibajay, Aklan, was studied wherein a 3-dimensional numerical model using Delft3D was created in order to simulate and analyze the prevailing hydrodynamics and sediment transport. The model was calibrated using continuous water level and velocity data obtained from sensors deployed during two separate field surveys. Model results showed excellent agreement with observed data and sufficiently captures the existing tidally dominated hydrodynamics of the study area. The temporal variability of the hydrodynamics and transport of sediments was investigated by simulating flows during flood-ebb, spring-neap, southwest-northeast monsoon, and 2-year long conditions. Areas of erosion and deposition were identified based on the results of the long-term simulation. None of these areas were located along the coastline except on the area near the stream where local erosion and deposition happens. Based on this, it can be concluded that the study coast is stable under prevailing tidal conditions. The obtained results can be used as baseline data for managing future coastal developments of the municipality and the methodology conducted in this research can be applied on other erosion-prone coastlines nationwide.
Development of a Predictive Closure Depth Equation Using Field Data and Wave Refraction Modelling
Authors: Razak MS Ab , Khan AR
Published: May 2020

In any beach nourishment project, the estimate of the closure depth is the most important aspect and it can be obtained from periodical beach profile survey data and an analytical approach. In this paper, beach profile survey data of four years 2003 (before nourishment), 2005-2007 (after nourishment) and 11 beach profile chainages were analyzed to measure the closure depth using the Fixed Depth Change (FDC) method for the case study at Teluk Cempedak, Kuantan. The results from the measured closure depth were then compared to that calculated from the Hallermeier equations. The Hs0.137% wave height was determined by a wave refraction model that was developed and analyzed against offshore wave heights to predict the onshore wave heights at a depth of 10 m using Delft3D model. In comparison, the predictive equation showed an underestimate of the average closure depth of approximately 5%. This underprediction could be due to the inclusion of closure depths that are captured at the mid-zone for the chainage profiles that are located near the southern headland. Neglecting these chainage profiles lead to an over-prediction of the closure depth. This is consistent with the concept of Hallermeiers that the predictive equation determines an upper limit value of the closure depth. The new closure depth for the studied area was established and can be equated to 0.8 times Hs0.137%.
Application of Preventive Maintenance in Planning Maintenance of Tablet Printing Machines in Drug Companies
Authors: Siregar I , Nasution A A
Published: May 2020

Companies that implement the production process will always be faced with market competition. The process is done on the floor of the production required to produce a quality product and is able to win the competition. Machine condition greatly affects the results of the production process. A good machine will produce a quality product, otherwise the machine that his condition is not good will result in products that are not qualified. Companies engaged in the manufacture of the drug often have damage to the machine where the damage is mostly caused by engine component of a machine failure function so that the machine could not start the process when the operating damage to one of the machines at work, then the machine production process will be interrupted because it takes time to replace components of the machine. For that to be done, a step to improve the system of corrective maintenance which currently used the company so that the damage to the engine at the time of the working hours of the machine can be avoided. The purpose of this research is to get the engine maintenance schedule intervals by performing a critical component replacement tablet printing machine based on data obtained by the drug companies. Determining the schedule engine maintenance done by using Reliability Engineering. Of research results in retrieved that components are frequently damaged components namely Punch and Dies and the Pulley with the value of the respective machine reliability of 0.3429 and 0.4183. While the time Interval component replacement punch and dies the optimum is 791 hours per cycle of usage which means that the components of the punch and dies must be replaced at a time when the machine operates 791 hours. Whereas in the pulley component the optimum replacement time interval is 1695 hours per cycle of damage where the pulley component must be replaced when the engine is operating 1695 hours.
Corrective Maintenance of Worm Gear a Screw Press Machine with a capacity of 30 tons per hour using Wear Analysis and its response to Conus Pressure
Authors: Ariani F , Tugiman  , Nasution D M , Sibarani H
Published: May 2020

Worm gear is one of the main components of a screw press machine that is very vulnerable to wear. Based on the survey, it was found that the lifetime of the worm gear of a screw press machine at a palm oil mill owned by PT. Perkebunan Nusantara 4, Adolina estate, is always lower (only 700 to 800 hours) when compared to the recommended lifetime of the manufacturer (1000 hours). The wear on this worm gear needs to be minimized because it affects the performance of the screw press machine and losses on palm oil. Corrective maintenance needs to be applied to worm gear as a repair solution. Temporary corrective maintenance that has been carried out by the operator is to re-weld the surface of the worm gear. Initial analysis has been carried out by calculating the response that occurs in the worm gear due to cone pressure. The analysis results obtained that the highest wear value is located at the end of the worm gear that is in direct contact with the cone pressure. Obtained the value of the rate of wear depth of the worm gear of 0.583 mm per day with the hardness value of the cast steel material that is 215 BHN. After that, at the end of the worm, gear is modified by adding a coating plate that has been given surface hardening treatment using NiKaNa methods. The aims are to make the wear that occurs earlier on the part of the coating plate, so that repair becomes more leisurely. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the value of the hardness of the coating plates increased by 490 BHN, with the rate of wear depth decreasing to 0.256 mm per day.
Design and analysis of the LDR-controlled device
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Purba Fernando , Dinzi Riswan , Fauzi Rahmad
Published: May 2020

Energy efficiency is important for sustainability. However, efficiency cannot rely on human being as human is forgetful. Many energy applications live on only at night. This paper extracted design and analysis of LDR-controlled device based on MXD-122 existing product. Circuits design contains power supply, sensors, comparator and switching device. As analysis performed, it is revealed that system works only for half wave output. The output current is limited by the maximum current of IDSS. Many resistors cause dropped voltage, which means system efficiency is very low. In order to enhance system for controlling higher current device, it should be connected to contactor.
The Development of Budgeting Module on Android based on Backpacker BackInd Applications: Sorting and Filtering Features
Authors: Tampubolon Yoel F. , Andreswari Rachmadita , Lubis Muharman
Published: May 2020

Decision making problems often occur in tourists to determine the activity within the tourist destinations or location. For tourists, information about attractions also is needed to allow their planning to be precise and meaningful. The BackInd (Backpacker Management System) have been developed as an application to help and support tourists by providing comprehensive information about tourist attractions through filtering and sorting mechanism. In addition to provide those type of information, tourists also allowed to buy tickets directly without much more burden to wait physically in that attractions counter. The development of this application is expected to help tourists get recommendations based on their preferences that are in accordance with the budget of the travellers. Thus, this study uses the Rapid Application Development (RAD) method, which the results focused on the featured added to the application in term of sorting, filtering and budgeting features so the homestay that tourist want will match accordingly with their plan.
Effect of Small Amount SiC on Mechanical Properties Composite Fabricated by Casting and Subsequent Rolling Process
Authors: Tugiman  , Ariani F , Arbi M Z , Hermawan R , Iswara K Y
Published: May 2020

Aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are promising material to develope for engineering application in last a few decade. Combination between aluminum matrix and reinforced particles was succesfull increase the mechanical properties. Casting method have been used to fabricate the AMCs due to their simple process and low cost, however the nonuniform distribution elements and some defects were often observed in the microstructure by this traditional casting process. Furthermore, these problems have influenced the mechanical properties of composites. In other hand, the thermomechanical treatment and dispertion strengthening by particles such SiC are attractive technique to improved mechanical properties of composite such AMCs. Thermomechanical such rolling process was successfully modified the properties of composite, high energy from rolling machine induced plastic deformation and grain refinement of microstructure. The modification of this microstructure is the important role to enhance the mechanical properties. The aim of this research to investigate the effect of rolling process on microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminum cast reinforced with SiC particles. In the current work, Al-Si alloy ingot used as a matrix and reinforced with SiC particles for different composition (1.5, 2.0, 2.5 wt.%). Remelted ingot and SiC have been done in crucible grafite to prevent from contaminant. Composites material were fabricated by using pressure casting at 35 MPa, 657°C pouring temperature and the permanent mold made from mild steel with holding temperature 300°C. Further, a hot rolling process was performed at 550°C with 20% thickness reduction through multi pass process to obtain the thickess of sheets. The microstructure of composites were investigated by optical microscope (OM) with different magnification. Brinell hardness test was carried out to obtained the hardness on the surface of composites rolled. The impact test was conducted in room temperature by using charpy model. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of composites were perfomed by universal tensile machine. The results shows the increase of SiC particles upto 2.5 wt.% promoted the finer microstructure was observed after rolled. Further, the sligthly increase both of hardness and tensile strength have been achieved after hot rolling with different silicone particle. The maximum hardness 71 HB of composite rolled was obtained for 2.5 wt.% SiC. The impact strength 19 joule was observed in 2.0 wt.% SiC and sligthly decrease with the increasing of silicone carbide. In other hand, the ultimate tensile strength 130 MPa was obtained for 2.5 wt.% SiC, the addition of a small amount SiC promote a slightly change the mechanical properties.
Environmental Sensor Assessment for a Light Quadcopter Drone
Authors: Suherman Suherman , Ananda Rizky , Pinem Maksum
Published: May 2020

This paper presented drone design and environmental sensor assessment. The assessment was conducted for temperature and pressure. The measurements were performed offline and online. Offline measurement was by locating drone inside a controlled chamber, while online measurement was when drone is flying. Assessment shows that there were significant error differences in temperature, where offline drone exerted only 0.75% error, but online drone produced 6.23% error. Error increases as temperature increases. Pressure assessment exerted a slight error different between offline and online drone, 0.16% and 0.17%.
Comparison study of user experience between virtual reality controllers, leap motion controllers, and senso glove for anatomy learning systems in a virtual reality environment
Authors: Fahmi F , Tanjung K , Nainggolan F , Siregar B , Mubarakah N , Zarlis M
Published: May 2020

Virtual Reality (VR) can be used as an assistive system to learn with immersive visualization and interactive control. Anatomy is a branch of biology that is difficult to learn using textbooks because of its limitations in displaying anatomical objects in two-dimensional media. VR can display anatomical objects in the form of a three-dimensional virtual world. Besides being assisted by its immersive appearance, the interactivity learning system can also be improved by using the appropriate VR control device. In this study, three controls were used with different features and functions, namely VIVE Controller, Leap Motion Controller, and Senso Glove, and a user experience study was conducted. The user was asked to use the anatomy learning system with three different control devices, and then the user was asked to fill out a survey form, which uses the Liker scale. The survey focuses on the level of acceptability and user satisfaction in the usability factor, ease of learning, the suitability of movement, suitability of display, and haptic feedback provided by each VR controllers. From this study, it was found that the VIVE Controller is superior compared to the Leap Motion Controller and Senso Glove in terms of usability, ease of learning, movement suitability, and display suitability. The senso glove is superior in terms of haptic feedback satisfaction.