bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distortion of Marxism in Duong Thu Huong’s Novel Without A Name and Kim Echlin’s The Disappeared
Authors: Ng Wen Lee , Mani Manimangai
Published: May 2015

In Novel Without A Name (1996) and The Disappeared (2010), the brutalities of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War are depicted vividly. The implementation of suspect Marxist doctrines and ideologies is portrayed as the main factor that led to such atrocities. Thus, the central issue or theme of these two novels is the distortion of Marxism. This is foregrounded not only through incidents that take place on the battlefield, but also through the relationships between characters. The latter are not much explored by scholars to examine the main theme, the distortion of Marxism. Hence, this study investigates the importance of relationships in reflecting and developing the theme, the distortion of Marxism, as depicted in Duong Thu Huong’s Novel Without A Name and Kim Echlin’s The Disappeared via the concept of Marxism. By referring to the true set of Marxist ideologies, the distorted Marxist doctrines implemented in the Marxist regime depicted are shown. This paper reveals that the distortion of Marxist doctrines has a negative impact on the relationships depicted in Novel Without A Name and The Disappeared. There are three main types of relationship portrayed in the novel, namely love, siblings and friendship. All these relationships reflect the theme of both novels, the distortion of Marxism, because all of them are broken or severed at the end of the novels due to the distorted Marxist ideologies and doctrines implemented in the regimes depicted.
The Political Dimension of Byron’s “An Ode to the Framers of the Frame Bill”
Authors: Karam Savo
Published: May 2015

Byron‘s major poems, such as Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Don Juan, and others, are unmistakably flavored with political satire. It is therefore puzzling that a number of literary critics, with the exception of Malcolm Kelsall, Michael Foot, and Tom Mole, have avoided commenting in any significant manner on the political dimension of Byron‘s ―An Ode to the Framers of the Frame Bill,‖ a poem which is emphatically responsible for identifying him as a vibrant, political poet. In his ode, Byron demonstrates his capacity to fuse his political notions with a poetic sensitivity extending beyond rhyming verses. In this respect, the purpose of this paper is to position Byron‘s ode in its appropriate historical and literary frame, to examine its political affiliations, and to highlight the role Byron plays in displaying a synthesis between politics and poetics, a role cautiously avoided by other Romantic poets. Malcolm Kelsall claims in Byron’s Politics that Byron‘s poetry had essentially made no substantial political impact (50). Similarly, Michael Foot in The Politics of Paradise contends that Byron‘s political fervor ―existed independently of his poetry‖ (Qtd. in Coe para. 9). I differ with both and tend to agree with Tom Mole‘s assessment that Byron‘s ―An Ode to the Framers of the Frame Bill‖ is principally responsible for exhibiting him as a poet of an unmistakable political disposition.
The Economic Aspects of Human and Child Sacrifice
Authors: Atekyereza Peter Rwagara , Ayebare Justin , Bukuluki Paul
Published: May 2015

The understanding of child sacrifice requires the broader understanding of the history, context of and rationale for the concept of sacrifice in all its forms including human sacrifice. Historically, sacrifices were made to atone for sins or wrong-doing and to ask for blessings. The forgiveness was for or blessings included but were not limited to material wealth (particularly land, domestic animals and other tangible possessions), children, health, and prosperity. In spite of the variations in understanding sacrifice, common to all is the underlying guiding principle of the value for value. It means the higher the value of the blessings to be sought or wrongs to be atoned, the higher the value of the sacrificial item. Overtime, this principle has been expressed in varied forms including human sacrifice, in general, and child sacrifice, in particular. These practices are closely associated with dominant cultural value systems that people hold in relation to what is important in life and how to get it. Despite economic progress of economies characterised by sophisticated wealth computations, predictions and protection through insurance, sacrifices remain part of the social fabric for solicitation, utilisation, maintenance and protection of wealth. This chapter, therefore, broadly analyses and explains the role of economic structures and institutions on society and the influence of society on the nature of economic structures and institutions. Though there is no established scientific basis for a correlation between human sacrifice and wealth acquisition, the sacrificial items are goods of high economic value and they bring economic returns to those involved in their exchange. It is important to explain how economic wealth creates and is further re-created by sacrifices, particularly, human sacrifice. Human sacrifice is strongly dominated by child sacrifices which are believed to be without blemish and of higher atoning value. Any attempt to destroy the practice of human and child sacrifice for wealth acquisition must first destroy the dominant cultural mentalities or values systems on which they are based.
Responses to Child Sacrifice in Uganda
Authors: Byansi Peter K. , Kafuko Agatha , Wandega Anselm , Bukuluki Paul
Published: May 2015

This paper reflects on the various interventions and responses that were mounted in response to the problem of child sacrifice. The paper asks and seeks answers to three basic questions: What were the civil society and government responses to the problem of child sacrifice? How were the civil society and government interventions implemented, coordinated, funded, and monitored? How adequate and sustainable were the interventions initiated?
Child Sacrifice in Uganda: Adequacy of Existing Legal Provision
Authors: Eddy Walakira , Bogere Philippa
Published: May 2015

This article highlights the various incidences of child sacrifice in the country and the legislation in place. It also argues that despite the legislation in place, the incidence of child sacrifice still thrives in Uganda’s society due to various factors including failure to enforce the laws in place. The first part examines the situation of child sacrifice currently and the major causes of the practice. The paper examines the legal framework and gaps in the current laws for fighting violence against children. It also contains a brief discussion on how effective the domestic laws are in the current context.
Utopia in Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle
Authors: Entezam Mahtab , Abbasi Pyeaam
Published: May 2015

Utopia is a universal concept, as manifested by the fact that it has attracted readers of five centuries and has influenced numerous writers. It is obvious that people, recognizing the abundant stupidities, corruptions, and injustice prevalent in their society, should attempt to plan a better system for living together. Whether they can reach such a society or not is the fundamental question found in most Vonnegut’s works. The utopian schemes in Vonnegut’s works such as the settlement of San Lorenzo in Cat’s Cradle, almost always backfire, often bringing about more problems than they promise to solve. Therefore, in this paper, it is aimed to emphasize Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle regarding the concepts of utopia and dystopia as well as apocalyptical notions. Apocalypse can be investigated in Cat’s Cradle and it gives a serious quality to Vonnegut’s work. The emptiness of mere survival is painfully described in Cat's Cradle, in which the earth is locked in frozen death.
Western Feminist Consciousness in Buchi Emecheta's The Joys of Motherhood
Authors: Barfi Zahra , Alaei Sarieh
Published: May 2015

Feminism is a collection of movements which struggles for women's rights. Focusing on gender as a basis of women's sexual oppression, feminist scholarship attempts to establish equal rights for women politically, economically, socially, personally, etc. The Joys of Motherhood highlights Buchi Emecheta's critical view toward colonialism and racism affecting Third world women's lives. Besides this, Emecheta goes further to display African women's invisibility and marginalization-which were out of sight for a long time-in terms of some aspects of Western feminist discourse. Her creative discourse, in this regard, casts further light upon the issue of gender oppression in African feminist study. Hence, this study attempts to examine the way in which Emecheta furthers Western feminist ideology.
Routes for a Strong Communicational Ontology
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Nicolescu Adrian , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

The current study aims to highlight the communication ontology through ontology of philosophy. Communication as a field of science is relatively new, it is looking for methods, procedures, rules to integrate it within the human sciences. There are still controversies, there are still made researches, axiomatization, conceptualization to define communication as science.
Looking at the Dimension of Time among Science, Psychology and Everyday Reality
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: May 2015

In this paper it is given an interesting overview about the concept of time. Starting by the three historically identified arrows of time, we consider the perception of time in relation to philosophy and psychology, then focusing about charming results of modern high energy physics and thermodynamics, which make the study of time and space one of the most fascinating challenges of contemporary knowledge.
Professional Expertise Variances among Secondary School Teachers of Bangladesh: A Study
Authors: Mohiuddin Golam
Published: May 2015

This study aims to evaluate the levels of professional expertise among high school teachers as well as to identify the variances based on gender and work experience, as the teachers’ professional expertise level is of vital importance in quality of teaching and learning and students’ achievements. The study sample involved 85 teachers from various fields randomly selected from 3 schools in Chittagong, Bangladesh. The study used test with 30 questions to measure the teachers’ professional expertise. Overall results show that the level of professional expertise is generally at an average level. The result shows that there are significant variances between female and male teachers in terms of mastery of professional expertise. In addition, the data shows that there is significant variance between more experienced and less experienced teachers regarding mastery of professional expertise. The implication is that the program, run by schools or ministry of education, to implement to upgrade the professional expertise of teachers should consider the teachers’ backgrounds to make sure its effectiveness.
Investigating the Efficiency of the Branch Offices of the Tose'ye Ta'avon Bank by the DEA Method
Authors: Moradian Omid Ali , Moradzadeh Shaida
Published: May 2015

The present research was designed and implemented with the aim of investigating the efficiency of the branch offices of the Tose'ye Ta'avon bank by the DEA method. For this purpose, the statistical population of this study was all the branch offices of the Tose'ye Ta'avon bank at the national level. The number of branches under study was estimated 31. The present research in terms of objective is an applied research while the data collection methodology is of a field research type. The library tool for collecting the data as well as the Delphi method was applied for finalization of the information. The information collected was analyzed by using the WINQSB software, where the findings indicated from among all the provinces indicated; 9 branch offices in 2012, 9 branch offices in 2011, 7 branch offices in 2010 and 8 branch offices in 2008 were highly efficient, branch offices of provinces of Kermanshah and Golestan in 2012 and branch offices in the province of Fars in 2009 had a weak efficiency while the rest of the offices were inefficient.
Lord of the Flies and Implications of Tutelage
Authors: Basirat Sasan , Farhoudi Fatima
Published: May 2015

The striking propensity for violence, displayed by a band of British schoolboys, comes to light as a prominent feature of William Golding’s Lord of the Flies. It is widely known that the choice of schoolchildren, as the perpetrators of such a savagery, finds its roots in Golding’s own pessimistic vision of mankind, and his admonitions about inherent evil and fallen nature in all people regardless of their age and nationality. Nonetheless, the circumstances that lead to a decline in civilized values, and give rise to aggressive instincts, are too complicated to be expounded in purely theological terms. Other major factors could contribute to the spread of violence in human relations. This study does specifically elaborate on the tendency among the boys to be under tutelage, and the underlying psycho-sociological state that could prove crucial to the dramatic turn of events on the island. An assessment of tutelage in Lord of the Flies would further illuminate the significance of child characters in Golding’s narrative and the way it manifests a similar tutelage in adult world.
Some Geographical Aspects of Sustainable Development with View on Montenegro: A Review
Authors: Rajović Goran , Bulatović Jelisavka
Published: May 2015

Sustainable Development refers to the creation and maintenance of social and economic development. In order to achieve this it is necessary to provide interaction between environmental, social and economic components of the system, synchronized in time and space. Each of these interactions has its specific dynamics, requires the involvement of certain resources. Greening the of society expands the array of environmental requirements that are in opposition to traditional economic needs of the accumulation of material wealth and production, which does not take account of the environment. Despite the economic crisis, according to the results of the Euro barometer survey conducted in late March and early April 2014, which included 28,000 respondents from different social and demographic groups, and the 28 members of the European Union, showed that 96 % of people said how they care for the environment, personal matters. To ensure the inclusion of sustainability requirements into development policies and their implementation in practice, Montenegro has prepared and implemented by the National Strategy for Sustainable Development, based on the principles of the Declaration of Rio de Janeiro and Agenda 21, as well as the principles contained in the Declaration and the Johannesburg Plan by implementation.
Modelling Anthropological Profile by Communication
Authors: Teodorescu Bianca
Published: May 2015

The role of the communication is to form and organize all the activities in a society. The communication intervene in antropological profile of human beings. The communicator consumes the information in a proper way to be understood by the collective in which he lives. In the process of communication, the informational contact between the people is generating by needs, aspiration, interest, ideas and attitudes. Any type of human organization is producing contacts and communication and has the role to imply it the effects on the society. Based on the importance of the information that is received, people evaluate the trends and knowledge on decision that are taken. In a global setting, the information, ideas and subject are all common, but they also can be diversified and adapted in function with the reality.
Social Attitudes Toward Life Sentence in Relation to Minor and Juvenile Offenders - Replication of Edie Green's and Andrew Evelo's Studies (2013)
Authors: Jaworska Anetta
Published: May 2015

The article points out some of the differences between Polish and American juvenile penal policy. It shows the differences between Polish and American society in terms of attitudes towards the use of life sentences without the possibility of parole (LWOP) for juvenile offenders. Studies also show that in both (Polish and American) societies, the tendency to impose the harshest sentences reflects the perceived purpose of the penalty.
Corporate Governance and Firm Performance: The Role of Transparency & Disclosure in Banking Sector of Pakistan
Authors: Zaman Rashid , Arslan Muhammad , Siddiqui Muhammad Ayub
Published: May 2015

Purpose: This purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationship between transparency and disclosure and firm performance. Highlighting the importance of corporate governance in banking sector, the paper has focused in depth over its role, level and its impact on performance in banking industry of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach: The paper access this purpose by constructing transparency and disclosure index for the past five year 2007-2011, using proxies for three sub-categories which are board and management structure disclosure, ownership structure disclosure and financial transparency disclosure. The paper also investigated structural changes of T&D Index and its effect on bank financial performance over the sample of 30 banks operating in Pakistan. Findings: Empirical analysis results by using ordinary least square regression model, reveals that financial performance is positively related to the transparency and disclosure and their sub levels except ownership structure disclosure which has negative relation with both ROA and ROE. Furthermore the average T&D level in Pakistani banking sector is above average. Practical implications: The current research paper aims for important policy implementation to reduce information asymmetry and improve corporate governance and firm performance in banking sector of Pakistan.
Neutrosophic Circuits of Communication - A Review
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Nicolescu Adrian , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

“Communication Neutrosophic Routes” by Florentin Smarandache and Ştefan Vlăduţescu was published by Education Publishing, Ohio, USA, on May 2014. Florentin Smarandache and Ştefan Vlăduţescu are two remarcable professors, first at University of New Mexico/ USA, the second at University of Craiova/ Romania, with many researches in neutrosophical, communication, mathematic, literature, journalism, social sciencies. Neutrosophy had been in the emergence phase since 1995. With its certification by the scientific community, Neutrosophy has become a type of incident knowledge, i.e. applicable in different fields. Neutrosophy legitimating was achieved by developing some doctoral research, through learning theory as a way of description, explanation and forecast and implementation of neutrosophic congress and conferences. Neutrosophy handles all neutralities. In the neutrosophic taxonometry, a class of neutralities is represented by the neutralities that, without turning into contradiction, generate qualitative leaps. The emergence is the cognitive phenomenon in which, from two or more connected neutralities, without contradiction, a change of quality or a qualitative leap result. Thinking in Hegelian terms has an axiom the idea that the qualitative change, qualitative emergences may arise from related neutral items. Neutrosophy claims that qualitative emergences may arise from related neutral items.
Survey the Effective Political Factors on Nationalism Consumption Development
Authors: Ahmadi Kumars , Rezaee Mahdia
Published: May 2015

The current article is done with the aim of determining the effect of political factors level on nationalism consumption of Sanandaj county consumers in 133. The method of this article is exploratory – measurement. The objective society, consist of Sanandaj Islamic Azad and governmental university experts in the field of marketing that is a kind of limited society and all society members. The information collection tool includes a substantiative questionnaire with the Likret spectrum. For analyzing data, the SPSS statistic software and for surveying the level of criterion and precaution effective variables, the Nonparametric Binomial test was used. The analysis results showed that the effective political indexes on nationalism consumption development includes: the boycott position, the animus of governmental undertakers, revision in fiscal rules, the aperture level of country borders, the economic handicap of government in the political conferences and the prophecy of cultural system and media, that all these six indexes (factors) have an effect on nationalism consumption.
Quantitative Study of Bank-Specific and Social Factors of Non-Performing Loans of Pakistani Banking Sector
Authors: Ul Hassan Hisham , Ilyas Muhammad , Abdul Rehman Choudahry
Published: May 2015

The Non-Performing loans presented picture of a distorted and slow-paced economy. This issue became more critical when it was observed that NPLs were declining in South East countries except for Pakistan. This study has dual purposes: Firstly to build up a model clarifying the relationship between bank-specific, social factors and non-performing loans. Secondly, to investigate this model in the setting of Pakistani Banking sector as limited interest has been given in existing literature in defining the relationship between bank specific, social factors and non-performing loans. The quantitative methodology is used as it is the most suitable for fulfillment of the study objectives. The results show that various bank-specific factors like credit assessment, credit monitoring and rapid credit growth have significant affect on Non-Performing Loans, whereas interest has a weak significance on NPLs. The social factors including political interference and bankers’ incompetence have significant affects on NPLs and these have been important factors in explaining the Non-Performing Loans. This ground-breaking work on Non-Performing Loans and its factors will not only help the entire Pakistani banking sector to control Non-Performing Loans but also its results can be generalized on other countries as well.
Terror and Insecurity: The Impact of Boko Haram Crisis on Nigeria’s External Image
Authors: Adeyemi-Suenu Adebowale
Published: May 2015

The use of terror as a ratio for resolving internal fundamental differences is not uncommon in neo-colonial societies. This is not saying that flashes of same are not recogn ised in the developed environment. The prevalence of this alternative appears as old as the political history of Nigeria. This work underscores the theoretical and historical basis of rebellion in Nigeria primarily focusing on the rise, fundamental philosophy and the vision of the Boko Haramists. The central thesis of this work is that Boko Haram activities have negative effects on Nigeria’s external image and fundamentally, it exposes the nature and dynamics of Nigeria’s security problems. The work contributes in part to the literature on this issue but significantly, it situates the problems within strategic logic which amplifies the degeneration of the problems and the incessant rebellion against the Nigerian State.
Present Status of E-Business and E-Banking in Bangladesh: A Study on Some Selected Commercial Banks of Chittagong City
Authors: Mohiuddin Golam
Published: May 2015

Now a day e-business has created wonderful prospect all over the world. E-banking can perform as a complementary factor of e-business. The central bank (BB) of Bangladesh has recently introduced automated clearing house (ACH) system. This pushed upward transition from the manual banking system to the e-banking system. This study has been undertaken to observe present status of e-business and as its complementary factor of e-banking system in Bangladesh. The study analyzes the data collected from local banks of Bangladesh and also used snowball sampling techniques to gather answer from about three hundred respondents who have already been using e-banking system on the basis of a questionnaire. The study found that dealing officials of the banks are not well conversant about their desk work. It has been observed that the country can benefit from successful utilization of e-business and e-banking as this will help to enhance productivity. Also, monetary gain of both producer and customer may have a feasible and positive impact on raising gross domestic product in Bangladesh. E-business, especially with the help of e-banking, can develop the economy of Bangladesh in a better way of customers’ satisfaction.
A Study on Audit Independence and Corporate Governance of Private Commercial Bankers of Bangladesh
Authors: Mohiuddin Golam
Published: May 2015

Auditors lodge an exclusive position in the business community when they implement an audit for clients. Auditors are called upon to verify to financial statements and to safeguard the interest of various parties. In recent years the audit practice because of several humiliations has been diluted. This empirical study shows that several factors effect on audit independence in Bangladesh. The results show that there is a huge difference between auditors and bankers on audit independence. It has come to the conclusion that for solving this problem well-established corporate governance can improve audit independence.
The EGP Class Scheme: In Search of a Theory
Authors: Tittenbrun Jacek
Published: May 2015

The present paper engages polemically perhaps the most popular class typology developed by John Goldthorpe and his associates. It is commonly believed that this model, as grounded in employement relations, is economic in character, and thus opposed to an alternative way of conceptualising class based on cultural considerations. It is demonstrated in the paper that whilst the above-mentioned attribution of the class scheme under consideration may be true, it is nevertheless too narrow to the extent that the framework concerned lacks a genuinely socio-economic character, or conceives it one-sidedly. As the paper shows, most, if not all drawbacks of the class taxonomy under consideration stems from neglecting a key dimension to the economy, and at the same time-its interface with society, that is to say, property relations that are only marginally taken consideration of in the EGP scheme. Consequently, the EGP class typology is found wanting in that it confounds classes of very different socio-economic or property status. These shortcomings generate controversies, one of which, related to the supposed unity of the service or middle class is examined in detail. By contrast, it is shown in the paper that it is only through rendering ownership the basic building block through to build the overall map of social differentiation that an adequate and relatively accurate picture of basic societal divisions can be painted. This concerns not only economic ownership, but also non-economic ownership as a criterion for determining the position in the extra-economic domain of society occupied by the social estates.
Decision Communication in Education Management
Authors: Vlăduţescu Ştefan , Bunăiașu Claudiu Marian , Strungă Alexandru Constantin
Published: May 2015

In the decision making process in education management, the communicational component has an important role. Communication is the sine qua non factor of the decision. Since it takes place in the decision situation, the type of communication that permeates the processes of making and implementation of managerial decisions was named decision communication.
A Comparative Study of Judicial Control in Iran, U.S.A and Canada
Authors: Jalalian Askar , Anvari Parisa
Published: May 2015

Supervision and control need tools and techniques that would usually take two forms: the first form is that the same court that hears claims and complaints submitted by the departments and its agents, handles other claims and all the claims are processed by these courts of justice. Another form of judicial supervision is supervision in a dual judicial system and that is a judicial system wherein only specialized courts are competent enough to review administrative claims and to investigate the conducts of the department and its agents. In this paper, we deal with how these tools are used in advanced legal systems like the U.S., and Canada and the Iranian legal system. The result we discover in the end is that in all stages of supervision by the supervisor and the supervised, there must be a sense of accountability to people and officials and this will be achieved by transparency in performance. In the absence of transparency supervision will be disrupted and some economic and administrative corruption will arise, because wherever there are secrecy and monopoly, the results will be inevitably corruption.
Functions of Alternative Punishments to Imprisonment in Reducing the Criminal Population of the State Prisons
Authors: Milani Alireza , Moghadam Mehdi Rezaee
Published: May 2015

In accordance with the inefficiency of imprisonment punishments in reforming and rehabilitating the prisoners, also due to the criminal environment of the prisons, economic costs of the prison and damages caused by imprisoning the head of the household, contradiction with the principle of personal punishment, health and mental problems existing and the like, are some of the problems which have created serious challenges for the imprisonment punishments. Hence, attempts for employing other punishments as alternatives to the imprisonment punishment have drawn the attention of various countries and legal systems. Accordingly, today the Iranian criminal policy makers, in line with dis-imprisonment and prohibiting the indiscriminate use of imprisonment punishment have begun to enact a law in which a chapter has been assigned to alternatives of the imprisonment punishment and prediction of a half freedom system. This paper, while introducing and investigating alternative punishments of imprisonment in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 concludes that not only is transparent and clear rules and regulations necessary in this area, but also a successful enforcement of these laws requires an appropriate culture building in the society. On the other hand, the issue of alternatives should be institutionalized among the judges.
Clarifying the Impacts of Professors' Narcissism Variables on Effective Performance
Authors: Jandaghi Gholamreza , Kozekanan Samira Fakheri , Piranneja Ali
Published: May 2015

Universities are one of the major factors in improvement of countries and their performance hasa key role in scientific enhancement in national and international level. There is an effect in topuniversities to join first 500 universities in global level. Iran is going to obtain the first scientificranking the region at 1404. The main goal of this article is recognizing the impact of narcissism onfaculty member`s performance. Obtaining the first rank is depends on faculty members`effort. In thisresearch we investigate the narcissism in faculty members that influence learning and eventuallyperformance. We took advantages the quantitative method and used survey to collect the data among300 faculty members. The results exhibit that narcissism traits play a meaningful role in learning anddecrease performance and should consider in faculty members selection.
Assessment of the Human Communication Indexes between Employees of Branches of Social Security Organization in Tehran (Iran)
Authors: Akbarian Mehdi
Published: May 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was assessment of the human communication indexes between employees branches of Social Security Organization (SSO) of Tehran. Method: The method used in this study, the survey method is most common in quantitative research. The sample size was calculated based on Morgan 271 were randomly selected based on these numbers. This study was conducted to collect data and information from the questionnaire were used. Questionnaire consisted of 32 questions of human relations which 5 first question demographic questionnaire and subjects such as sex, education, work experience, marital status and age were included in the study, as well as other questions samples to determine the basis of human relations based on the five choice Likert scale (always, often, sometimes, rarely, never) was designed. In this project, SPSS software was used to analysis the data. Findings: The results showed that the level of communication skills of staff from the employees' point of view is evaluated desirable (p<0.05). The study results showed that the central staff organization perspective on human communication of employees in these organizations varies according to gender and gender workers on the significant relationship of the staff human relations index. 40% of male participants and 27% of female participants evaluated communication skills, desirable. So men, more than women have a positive opinion about the staff of Organization human communication index. staff's view about the organization of the employees in the organization of human relationships education are different (p<0.05) in terms of their scores significantly negatively correlated Affairs staff to staff communication skills. A negative correlation means that higher level, the weaker the staff of Human Relations have evaluated. staff perspective on human communication parameters of the staff in terms of work experience is different (p>0.05). Thus, no significant correlation between duration of working on their score is an index of human communications staff. Staff's view about the employees in the organization about human relationships in terms of a significant relationship between marital statuses (p>0.05) of employees and their score to human communications index of staff. However, 35% of married people and 19% of single people evaluated communication skills of personnel, appropriate. Thus, there is no significant correlation between duration of working and their score to staff index of human communications (p>0.05). Positive correlation means that with increasing age, a higher score on the index of human communications staff are employees and age, people are more important than communication skills. Positive correlation means that with increasing age, employees have higher scores on the index of human communications and aging causes people to care more about communication skills.
Does Economic Growth Reduce Income Inequality in Iran? WALS Approach
Authors: Mohammadian Mojtaba
Published: May 2015

This paper explores the effect of economic growth on income inequality in Iran using annual data over the period 1976-2010. Weighted-average least square (WALS) approach has employed to analyze the effect of economic growth on income inequality. The results indicate that economic growth in Iran is inclined to more inequality. Thus economic growth policy needs to be revised fundamentally.
Milton’s God: Democrat or Tyrant?
Authors: Kahmini Mostafa Sadeghi
Published: May 2015

Politeness is a universal phenomenon that is present in every human interaction. Many theorists have attempted to theorize politeness the most important of whom are Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson. The application of their theory has been extended to include literary works which are conversational in nature like drama or works whose building blocks consist of dialogues. This study tries to apply Politeness Theory to Milton's Paradise Lost in order to solve the age-old dispute over Milton's God to whom contradictory characteristics of democracy and tyranny are ascribed. It will be shown that in the conversation that takes place between God and residents of Heaven, God is more careful about politeness strategies despite his supremacy and it seems to be at odds with tyrannical features attributed to him.
Managing some Uncertainties of Communication as Academic Discipline in the Spanish and Italian Virtual Environment
Authors: Ţenescu Alina , Minculete Nicuşor
Published: May 2015

The premise from which we begin our study is that nowadays we are faced with several uncertainties of communication as academic discipline, amongst which the most evident are: the uncertainty related to the denomination or title of the discipline, the uncertainty concerning its status as theory of communication or as science of communication and the uncertainty regarding the inclusion of communication within one or other of the following domains: social sciences, natural sciences or humanities. Applying the comparative citation analysis on a corpus of study constituted by thirty-two titles of publications representative for the domain of science of information and communication (published in the last twenty years) in two different cultural and scientific areas (Italian and Spanish), we will examine the frequency, patterns, and graphs of citation of these publications in six electronic bookshops. We will also carry out a comparative statistical analysis of the categories and scientific domains these publications are included and comprised in on the virtual platforms so as to reveal the above mentioned uncertainties and to find a solution by proposing a model for the standardization of domain categories and tags of the same title on several bookshop sites.
Functions of Alternative Punishments to Imprisonment in Reducing the Criminal Population of the State Prisons
Authors: Milani Alireza , Moghadam Mehdi Rezaee
Published: May 2015

Of imprisonment punishments in reforming and rehabilitating the prisoners, also due to the criminal environment of the prisons, economic costs of the prison and damages caused by imprisoning the head of the household, contradiction with the principle of personal punishment, health and mental problems existing and the like, are some of the problems which have created serious challenges for the imprisonment punishments. Hence, attempts for employing other punishments as alternatives to the imprisonment punishment have drawn the attention of various countries and legal systems. Accordingly, today the Iranian criminal policy makers, in line with dis-imprisonment and prohibiting the indiscriminate use of imprisonment punishment have begun to enact a law in which a chapter has been assigned to alternatives of the imprisonment punishment and prediction of a half freedom system. This paper, while introducing and investigating alternative punishments of imprisonment in the Islamic Penal Code of 2013 concludes that not only is transparent and clear rules and regulations necessary in this area, but also a successful enforcement of these laws requires an appropriate culture building in the society. On the other hand, the issue of alternatives should be institutionalized among the judges.
School Enrollment in Slovakia
Authors: Janotová Margita
Published: May 2015

In this paper the author analyzes the development of unemployed graduates in Slovakia. The aim of this paper is to analyze the course of unemployment of graduates, the main causes of unemployment and ways to address the situation in the labor market.
Evaluation of the Relationship between Philosophical Mindset and Doing Managerial Tasks
Authors: Niazazari Kioumars , Khosroabadi Soheila
Published: May 2015

Evaluation of the relationship between the philosophical mindset of managers and their managerial components in secondary schools of the BOJNURD city in year 2012-2013, was the main aim of this paper. This study given to the nature of relevant subject and purposes of this study is descriptive - correlation. Statistical Population is all managers of secondary schools of the BOJNURD city, all Statistical Population were used in collecting information (n = 70). Data collection tool was two questionnaires included a questionnaire with 60 questions about the philosophical mindset which has examined comprehensiveness, depth and flexibility and other questionnaire was SOCIOMETRIC questionnaire which Managers tasks in five categories of planning, organizing, coordinating, evaluating and staff morale was measured, this questionnaire was developed as a teacher questionnaire. Questionnaire based on CRONBACH'S alpha was approved. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the philosophical mind Directors of managers with their performance in return for their management tasks. Also, between gender of managers and their education was not observed a significant difference.
Representation and Construction of Self in Writing Discourses
Authors: Jamali Mohamad , Najafpour Sani Hamid
Published: May 2015

The "discoursal self', according to Ivanic, is "the impression... they [the students] consciously or unconsciously convey... in a particular written text... . It is constructed through the discourse characteristics of a text, which relate to values, beliefs, and power relations in the social context in which they were written" (25). The "autobiographical self," Ivanic explains, "is the identity which people bring with them to any act of writing" (24). The goal for this paper is an overview investigating whether or not students are aware of a discoursal self-being constructed for them as a result of being students in another academic environment. The author begins by exploring the theoretical concepts of the socially constructed "self', language and how language is used by society to influence the individual. Further, he narrows the focus and reviews the field of literature by Rhetoric and Composition scholars who have explored the issues and impacts of teaching academic discourse to students. If we attempt to understand what the students think and how they perceive the writing, we may be able to better tailor our assignments, methods and approaches to better fit the needs of the students. The findings and results of my thesis may be of benefit to educators and other professionals across the world. The text will also provide a safe, anonymous, respectable outlet for students to voice their opinions and thoughts.
Culture Shock
Authors: Sani Hamid Najaf Pour
Published: May 2015

The ability to communicate well in a foreign culture is considered as a set of learnable social skills. The notion of culture shock is introduced to cover a broad range of psychological and social reactions to immersion in another culture, many of them detrimental to communication. Programs aimed at reducing the harmful effects of culture shock are examined in terms of the strategies adopted: (1) information giving, (2) cultural sensitization, (3) isomorphic attribution, (4) learning by doing, and (5) social skills training (SST). The latter, it is argued, is the most effective.
Negative Journalistic Communication - A Review
Authors: Novak-Marcincin Jozef , Nicolescu Adrian , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

Negative Journalistic Communication,published by Editura Academiei Romane, is a book about Conviction and Persuation, a medium hermeneutical essay, as the author, Stefan Vladutescu professor at University of Craiova/Romania, asserts. The premise from which we start is that one that the human being is an accessible, permeable being to persuasion. Any influence occurs through communication. From the point of view of social influence, communication has two methods: convictive and persuasive. The convictive influence path is the demonstration path, of strong arguments, strict and rigorous reasoning path or logic applied. But human being is not entirely a rational being. Individuals communicate not just to make demonstrations. We communicate to share experience, to agreeing on values ​​on certain actions. As form of persuasion detaches negative journalism, as opposed to positive journalism dominated by conviction. In his setting of ex-information, negative journalism imposes as a way of satisfying some economic commands, political or otherwise, in any case not before informational. With negative journalism media surrender persuasion.
Art and Being in Neutrosophic Communication
Authors: Opran Elena Rodica , Voinea Dan Valeriu , Teodorescu Mirela
Published: May 2015

What seems to suggest various avant-garde and artistic experimentalism movements from futurism to cubism, from expressionism to surrealism, from Picasso to the great masters of informal art is a Beauty of challenge. The avant-garde art does not arise the issue of Beauty. It is understood without saying that the new images are "beautiful" in terms of art and that should produce the same pleasure that feel the contemporaries of Rafael and Giotto in front of their works” asserts Umberto Eco (Eco, 2005). The phenomenon is due to the fact that the challenge of avant-garde tear down all aesthetic canons, observed at the moment. Art no longer aims to offer images of natural beauty, no longer occasion for calm pleasure of contemplation the harmonious forms. Instead, it wants to lead to an interpretation of the world from a different optic, wants to return to archaic or exotic models: the universe of dreams or ill mentally fantasies, visions experienced under the drugs influence, rediscovering matter, chaotic household objects current location in contexts unlikely (new object, Dadaist movement etc.), unconscious impulses, of uncertainties, of confusion, of neutrality. The study aims to explore Beauty and ugly in terms of neutrosophic concept.
The “David’s Jump” - On the First Positive Change in the Treatment of Gifted Children
Authors: David Hanna
Published: May 2015

In spite of the difficulty in predicting the time any treatment is to take, working with gifted children and their parents includes – in many cases – a substantial improvement in a comparatively short time in at least one aspect of the child’s life. As this phenomenon has not been named in the psychological literature, it will be called: “David’s Jump”. This article presents 5 cases of such “jumps”, all in children 5-8 years old, all happened within 8-10 weeks from the beginning of the treatment as reported by the parents or by the children themselves. The potential causes of the success reached are to be discussed; some of them might also be relevant to non-gifted children.
Celebrity Endorsement as a Physiological Apparatus
Authors: Anam Miss , Anosh Muhammad , Hamad Naqvi
Published: May 2015

Celebrities are sound recognized traits in community because of their pleasant appearance or creditability, that’s why to augment the effectiveness of their trademark and classified ad Corporation, use these superstar as their brand name endorser. Purpose of this study to conduct in D g khan is to probe the customer level demographically and how much celebrity endorsement does cast its collision on Clint buying intention demographically and show a optimistic association with marketing promotions. The foremost deliberation in current research expose approaches of people toward the celebrities stimulate them to purchase or affect their buying deeds The result show that clients show a optimistic approach towards celebrities and motivated to purchase by celebrities and also show that consumer buying behavior is pretentious by celebrity creditability.