bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aromatization of olive oil with ginger and turmeric powder or extracts by the co‐processing and maceration methods
Authors: Arslan Derya , Acar Ayşenur
Published: August 2024

Aromatized olive oils were prepared by the addition of ginger and turmeric spices and their combination (ginger + turmeric) with two different forms: powder and extracts. The spices were incorporated to olive paste at kneading stage (co‐processing) or directly to olive oil as infusion (maceration) (5% for powder, 3% for extract; w/w). Aromatization provided a lower peroxide value accompanied by a longer induction period, increased total phenolic content, and enhanced antioxidant activity. The use of turmeric as a powder may be advantageous for use in vegetable oils, especially because the bioactive antioxidant compounds it contains are hydrophobic. In another way, it was also the reason why the alcoholic extract of ginger gave more effective results than turmeric, which had a higher extraction yield than ginger. For both the co‐processing and maceration methods, ginger powder and extract induced the strongest radical scavenging activity in oil. The pungent taste was more marked in turmeric‐aromatized oils and spicy taste in ginger‐aromatized oils. The use of these two spices together incorporated the bioactive components into the oil while balancing the burning effect of ginger, making it more possible to benefit from its high antioxidant effect.

Practical Applications: Aromatization of olive oil by maceration and co‐processing not only enriched it with bioactive components but also improved oxidative stability with quality indices such as free acidity and peroxide. In terms of quality indices and oxidative stability, maceration had advantages over co‐processing. However, co‐processing was more effective in terms of total phenolic and radical scavenging activity. At the industrial level, the incorporation of an aromatic material at one step of the process, that is, co‐processing or co‐milling, can be advantageous in terms of application without requiring extra time for the aromatization.
Application of a Discrete AlGaN/GaN HEMT Sensor for In‐Situ Regenerative Soot Particulate Detection
Authors: Gu Zhiqi , He Xiaoxia , Miao Bin , Xu Zhan , Li Shuxian , Li Jiadong
Published: August 2024

An in‐situ regenerative soot particulate matter sensor for automotive exhaust systems based on a discrete AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was developed and tested, where charge‐sensitive AlGaN/GaN HEMT was utilized to detect the signal variations caused by the presence of soot particulate matters, and the micro‐hotplate serves as soot deposition, while the self‐heating unit was used for sensing and in‐situ regeneration. The two parts were connected for electrical signal transmission. Soot particulate were generated by a laminar diesel flame with an adsorption rate of 23.29 μg cm−2 min−1 on the sensor surface, resulting in 1.32% sensing response after 20 s deposition and reached saturation after a 12 minute deposition of soot. After soot deposition, the sensor was successfully regenerated when a voltage of 2 V was applied to the micro‐hot plate, causing in‐situ heat‐up to reach 600°C for 30 seconds. Moreover, benefiting from the advantage of discrete structure, the sensor exhibited consistent and stable response characteristics even after undergoing more than 10 consecutive regeneration cycles, and the replaceable micro‐hotplate could further extend the service life of the sensor. These results show that the discrete AlGaN/GaN HEMT sensor can be a promising soot particulate sensing platform for automotive exhaust systems.
Development of Eco‐Friendly Chitosan‐Dextran Polyblend Electrolyte for Enhanced Performance in Primary Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Nayak Pradeep , Ismayil
Published: August 2024

The potential of next‐generation batteries lies in solid biodegradable polymer electrolytes. This research delves into a solid blend polymer electrolyte (SBPE) for magnesium conduction, utilizing a chitosan‐dextran blend matrix doped with magnesium perchlorate (Mg(ClO4)2) salt. The electrolyte films are prepared using a conventional solution casting technique. Through techniques like X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the successful incorporation of Mg(ClO4)2into the blend matrix is confirmed. Notably, the SBPE containing 30 wt% of Mg(ClO4)2demonstrates the highest ionic conductivity of 6.99 × 10−4 S cm−1and a prominent ionic transference number of 0.84. Thermogravimetric analysis is carried out to study thermal stability. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of the electrolyte systems gives insight into their thermal properties. Additionally, it showcases favorable electrochemical stability of 2.66 V. The oxidation and reduction peaks are observed in the cyclic voltammetry curve of the highest conducting sample. Furthermore, the discharge performance of Mg/(CS + DN + Mg(ClO4)2)/cathode cells is explored with varied cathode materials, illustrating the SBPE's potential for magnesium‐ion batteries. This study unveils a sustainable, biodegradable, and economical electrolyte solution for advanced energy storage systems.
Sustainable aviation fuel: Impact of alkene concentration on jet fuel thermal oxidative test (JFTOT)
Authors: Pereira Laine B. , Halmenschlager Cibele M. , de Klerk Arno
Published: August 2024

Of the processes that are approved to produce synthetic kerosene for use in jet fuel, about half produce olefinic kerosene that is hydrotreated. The alkene concentration in synthetic kerosene is indirectly regulated through the thermal oxidative stability specification. Perceptions about the deleterious influence of alkenes on thermal oxidative stability suggest that olefinic kerosene must be deeply hydrogenated. The extent of olefin saturation required has economic implications. To evaluate what an acceptable alkene concentration in synthetic kerosene is, the impact of alkene concentration on the outcome of the jet fuel thermal oxidative stability test (JFTOT) performed at 325°C in accordance with the ASTM D3241 standard test method was experimentally evaluated. Model synthetic kerosene mixtures to which different concentrations of alkenes (1‐decene, α‐methylstyrene, indene) were added, as well as control samples were studied. In the concentration range investigated, up to 10 wt% 1‐decene, 5 wt% α‐methylstyrene, and 2 wt% indene did not lead to increased fouling in the JFTOT. Fouling passed through a minimum value with increasing alkene concentration and alkene concentration on its own was a poor predictor of thermal oxidative stability. Analysis of the kerosene collected after passing through the JFTOT found measurable changes in density and refractive index. Dissolved oxygen reacting during thermal oxidative stability testing was accounted for mostly in oxygen‐containing products in the kerosene boiling range, which indicated that the heavier products were mainly hydrocarbon in nature. In addition to initiation by autoxidation, the investigation also pointed to the existence of a second thermally initiated fouling pathway that does not require the presence of oxygen.
Soil spatial heterogeneity created by river–sea interaction influences Tamarix chinensis root features in the Yellow River Delta
Authors: Shi Libin , Suo Lizhu , Wang Yi , Zhao Ying , Chen Xiaobing , Hu Qiuli , Song Bing , Shan Yan , Yu Jinyi , Wei Chunjing , Li Jiaqi
Published: August 2024

Salt‐tolerant Tamarix chinensis roots are crucial in preserving wetland soil and carbon sequestration, which is essential for wetland ecology. Soil‐water‐salt conditions influence the growth of these roots in coastal saline areas, but the specific factors and their effects remain unclear. Using principal component and partial least square–structural equation modelling (SEM) methods, we studied T. chinensis root features in six Yellow River delta communities. Results showed varied root features across locations, with larger roots further inland. Root growth negatively correlated with soil texture and salinity and positively with groundwater levels. Soil texture and salinity decreased with distance from the coast, while groundwater increased with distance from the Yellow River. This suggests that geographical location influences soil‐water‐salt conditions, impacting root characteristics. The principal component analysis–derived root feature index captured 56.7% of root feature variation. SEM revealed geographical locations indirectly influence root features, with the Yellow River's proximity primarily affecting them through groundwater and coastal distance influencing via soil sand content and salinity. The study underscores the importance of these findings for wetland conservation and ecology.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zum Einfluss von Geogittern in ungebundenen Tragschichten
Authors: Bräunig Claudia , Herle Ivo , Weisemann Ulrike
Published: August 2024

Im Bahnbau werden meist Tragschichten aus ungebundenem grobkörnigem Material zwischen dem anstehenden Untergrund und der Schotterbettung eingebaut. Diese können zusätzlich verstärkt werden. Dazu werden Geokunststoffe, insbesondere Geogitter, eingesetzt, um das Trag‐ und Systemverhalten zu verbessern. Die bisherige Reduzierung der Tragschichtdicke infolge der Geogittereinlage folgt empirischen Ansätzen. Mittels experimenteller Untersuchungen soll der Einfluss des Geogitters auf das Tragverhalten einer Tragschicht quantifiziert werden. Die Untersuchung erfolgt anhand eines skalierten Aufbaus des Tragschicht‐ und Geogittermaterials. Es wurden sowohl monotone als auch zyklische Triaxialversuche durchgeführt, um zum einen das Verhalten bis zum Bruchzustand und zum anderen das Verhalten unter zyklischen Lasten abzubilden. Bei den monotonen Triaxialversuchen wurden die Probekörper bis zum Bruch abgeschert. Hierbei konnte der positive Einfluss der Geogitter im Vergleich zu den unbewehrten Probekörpern quantifiziert werden. Da die In‐situ‐Beanspruchungen überwiegend im Gebrauchslastbereich liegen und somit der Versagenszustand nicht erreicht wird, jedoch die Beanspruchung einer hohen Lastwechselanzahl folgt, wurden zyklische Triaxialversuche angeschlossen. Dabei wurden die Probekörper zyklisch belastet, um den Einfluss des Geogitters auf die Verformungsakkumulation zu untersuchen. Im Ergebnis konnte eine Reduzierung der Verformungsakkumulation durch das Geogitter nachgewiesen werden.
Confirmatory analysis of the 13‐MD and ranking of its meta‐dimensions and items
Authors: Touré Moustapha , Poder Thomas G.
Published: August 2024

Background

The 13‐MD is a new generic instrument developed to measure general health‐related quality of life (GHRQoL). This instrument considers all aspects of health (i.e., physical, mental, and social) in a balanced way. A previous study led to minor changes in the original version of the 13‐MD. The objective of this study was to confirm the validity of the modified 13‐MD.

Methods

Validity was assessed with recent data from the general population of Quebec, Canada. The meta‐dimensions and items composing the 13‐MD were also subjected to a ranking procedure, which allowed to determine the most important aspects for respondents.

Results

A total of 1337 French‐speaking participants were recruited with 1099 completing the 13‐MD for validation purposes and 1084 completing the ranking procedure. The 13‐MD showed very satisfactory results and confirmed to be a valid instrument. The ranking of the meta‐dimensions revealed that “Well‐being” received the most points, followed by “Sleep and energy” and “Body functioning.”

Conclusion

These results will be very useful in the continuous improvement of the 13‐MD, ultimately leading to the valuation stage (i.e., development of a value set).
Maternal antenatal depression, oxytocin, and infant temperament: The roles of ethnicity and adult attachment avoidance
Authors: Kohlhoff Jane , Karlov Lisa , Dadds Mark , Barnett Bryanne , Silove Derrick , Eapen Valsamma
Published: August 2024

This study examined the associations between maternal depression and oxytocin in pregnancy, caregiving sensitivity and adult attachment style, and infant temperament. One hundred and six women recruited from a public hospital antenatal clinic in Australia, and their infants completed assessments at three time points (Time 1: pregnancy; Time 2: 3‐month postpartum; Time 3: 12‐month postpartum). Mothers completed self‐report questionnaires assessing maternal depression symptom severity at Time 1–3, adult attachment style at Time 2, and infant temperament at Time 3. At Time 1, they also provided a blood sample to assess peripheral oxytocin levels, and at Time 2, participated in a parent–child interaction session, which was later coded for caregiving behavior (sensitivity). Neither maternal depression nor lower levels of oxytocin during pregnancy predicted difficult infant temperament; rather, it was predicted by non‐Caucasian ethnicity. When all other variables were free to vary, adult attachment avoidance mediated an association between maternal depression during pregnancy and difficult infant temperament. Results highlight the potential value of interventions focusing on adult attachment insecurity for pregnant women and raise questions about associations between culture/ethnicity and infant temperament.
Embedded system controlled switching system for reconfigurable antennas
Authors: Kumar Naresh , Kumar Pradeep , Sharma Manish
Published: August 2024

A multiband and reconfigurable antenna is the one of the main aspects in the communication system which has an extremely important role. An embedded based solution for the fast operation of a reconfigurable antenna to work in a specific operating frequency band is the solution of future technologies. Embedded based solution increases the speed by avoiding the dependence on manual control of the RF switching elements. In this paper, the proposed embedded system‐controlled switching mechanism operate the reconfigurable antenna in any one of the operating bands by a single command to be send from a remote location. The embedded system receives the command and configure a set of PIN diodes as per the modes. The proposed solution consists an Arduino UNO board as motherboard, SIM900A as GSM module to receive the command from user, biasing circuit to control the operation of PIN diode, PIN diode to reconfigure the patch pattern and a user mobile for sending AT command.The proposed model is successful and tested on proteus software 8.0. The model is also deployed on the newly designed multiple‐input‐multiple‐output antenna where the result shows the successful operation to achieve multiband frequency operation.
Dancing with BBoy: Transliteracies and critical imagination in superhero storytelling
Authors: Krone Beth , Enciso Patricia
Published: August 2024

In this article, we describe a year‐long superhero storytelling project we facilitated with youth in a midwestern middle school. In this project, students read Miles Morales: The Ultimate Spiderman , designed superhero stories set in their community, and presented artistic representations of their stories to their families and peers. We present three episodes of mobile storytelling from this project, focusing on Aidan, one of eighteen youth participants. Using tools from theories of transliteracies and critical imagination, we illustrate how Aidan's embodied movement and play constituted critically literate acts. A transliteracies lens oriented toward critical imagination reveals how Aidan fluidly moved between fictional and real worlds to reimagine his experienced realities. These findings indicate a need to expand what counts as literate activity in schools.
Sexual color ornamentation, microhabitat choice, and thermal physiology in the common wall lizard (Podarcis muralis)
Authors: Ruiz Miñano Maravillas , Uller Tobias , Pettersen Amanda K. , Nord Andreas , Fitzpatrick Luisa J. , While Geoffrey M.
Published: August 2024

Common wall lizards (Podarcis muralis) in Italy show a striking variation in body coloration across the landscape, with highly exaggerated black and green colors in hot and dry climates and brown and white colors in cool and wet climates. Males are more intensely colored than females, and previous work has suggested that the maintenance of variation in coloration across the landscape reflects climatic effects on the strength of male–male competition, and through this sexual selection. However climatic effects on the intensity of male–male competition would need to be exceptionally strong to fully explain the geographic patterns of color variation. Thus, additional processes may contribute to the maintenance of color variation. Here we test the hypothesis that selection for green and black ornamentation in the context of male–male competition is opposed by selection against ornamentation because the genes involved in the regulation of coloration have pleiotropic effects on thermal physiology, such that ornamentation is selected against in cool climates. Field observations revealed no association between body coloration and microhabitat use or field active body temperatures. Consistent with these field data, lizards at the extreme ends of the phenotypic distribution for body coloration did not show any differences in critical minimum temperature, preferred body temperature, temperature‐dependent metabolic rate, or evaporative water loss when tested in the laboratory. Combined, these results provide no evidence that genes that underlie sexual ornamentation are selected against in cool climate because of pleiotropic effects on thermal biology.
A comprehensive gas chromatography electron ionization high resolution mass spectrometry study of a new steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) compound S42
Authors: Wen Hui‐Chung , Wilczek Tobias , Neudörfl Jörg‐M. , Wagener Felicitas , Piper Thomas , Thevis Mario , Schäfer Mathias
Published: August 2024

The synthetic 20‐keto‐steroid S42 (1) demonstrated selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM) properties in preclinical studies and, consequently, received growing attention also in the context of sports drug testing programs. Fundamental understanding of the behavior of S42 (1) and of relevant derivatives in gas chromatography‐electron ionization MS experiments at high resolution (GC‐EI‐HRMS) is indispensable to develop a reliable qualitative and quantitative doping control method for S42 (1) and its metabolites in body fluid matrices. We present important fundamental mechanistic data on the EI fragmentation behavior of S42 (1) and of silyl ether derivatives as well as of stable isotope‐labelled reference material.
The career and mental health experiences of Black women in STEM
Authors: Cabell Autumn L. , Brookover Dana
Published: August 2024

Black women are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) industries and are presented with unique career and mental health experiences as a result. This study used social cognitive career theory and thematic analysis to explore the career and mental health experiences of (N = 11) Black women in STEM. The findings include four themes: (1) the influence of a STEM career on mental health; (2) the STEM career journey; (3) self‐efficacy and self‐motivation to succeed; and (4) hopes for Black girls and women in STEM. Implications for counselors who work with Black women in STEM are discussed.
Meta‐analyses of phase I dose‐finding studies: Application for the development of protein kinase inhibitors in oncology
Authors: Caquelin Laura , Badra Pauline , Poulain Lucas , Laviolle Bruno , Ursino Moreno , Locher Clara
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of applying two recent phase I meta‐analyses methods to protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) developed in oncology and to identify situations where these methods could be both feasible and useful. This ancillary study used data from a systematic review conducted to identify dose‐finding studies for PKIs. PKIs selected for meta‐analyses were required to have at least five completed dose‐finding studies involving cancer patients, with available results, and dose escalation guided by toxicity assessment. To account for heterogeneity caused by various administration schedules, some studies were divided into study parts, considered as separate entities in the meta‐analyses. For each PKI, two Bayesian random‐effects meta‐analysis methods were applied to model the toxicity probability distribution of the recommended dose and to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Meta‐analyses were performed for 20 PKIs including 96 studies corresponding to 115 study parts. The median posterior probability of toxicity probability was below the toxicity thresholds of 0.20 for 70% of the PKIs, even if the resulting credible intervals were very wide. All approved doses were below the MTD estimated for the minimum toxicity threshold, except for one, for which the approved dose was above the MTD estimated for the maximal threshold. The application of phase I meta‐analysis methods has been feasible for the majority of PKI; nevertheless, their implementation requires multiple conditions. However, meta‐analyses resulted in estimates with large uncertainty, probably due to limited patient numbers and/or between‐study variability. This calls into question the reliability of the recommended doses.
Recurrence of fusocellular subtype GIST with SDHB mutation: A case of SDHB‐loss and therapeutic challenges
Authors: da Silva Gomes Samuel , Oliveira Carolina S. , Furtado Thiago de Almeida , Melo Lara M. , dos Santos Sara G. , Braga Renata S. N. , Martins Eduarda M. T. G. , Gomes João P. dos Santos
Published: August 2024

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are sarcomas affecting the stomach and small intestine, with a rare subtype characterized by succinate dehydrogenase B (SDHB)‐loss posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. A 62‐year‐old man with weight loss and abdominal pain was diagnosed with a gastric GIST showing SDHB‐loss. Initial treatment with Imatinib reduced the tumor size, but surgery revealed no residual tumor. Despite adjuvant Imatinib, recurrence occurred, necessitating further surgical intervention. While GISTs typically benefit from surgery and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), those with SDHB‐loss are resistant to TKIs, requiring a different management approach. This case emphasizes the importance of surgical intervention for SDHB‐deficient GISTs and the need for ongoing research into effective treatments for this subtype.
Advances from targeted therapy for non‐metastatic HER2‐positive inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Steadman Jessica A. , Hieken Tina J.
Published: August 2024

Among inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) patients, over one‐third have HER2‐overexpressing (HER2+) tumors. Pathologic complete response (pCR) rates to neoadjuvant targeted and chemotherapy for patients with HER2+ non‐metastatic IBC now apporach 60% and favorable long‐term survival rates are being reported for those with a pCR. Immune mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon include antibody‐mediated immune activation and induction of memory T‐cell reponses which may explain the sustained antitumor response seen after discontinuation of targeted therapies.
Ultrasound Classification and Preoperative Ultrasound Diagnosis Analysis of Ovarian Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Lv Xiaoli , Yang Qing , Chen Yunqi , Ren Min , He Laman
Published: August 2024

Objectives

A classification system of ovarian ectopic pregnancies (OEP) could aid in their management. This study aimed to investigate the ultrasound classification and preoperative ultrasound diagnosis of OEP.

Methods

This retrospective case series study analyzed the clinical and ultrasound imaging data of 68 pregnant women diagnosed and confirmed with OEP at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital affiliated with Tongji University between January 2015 and March 2023. The study focused on examining the ultrasound characteristics of different types of ovarian pregnancies and the accuracy of preoperative ultrasound diagnoses.

Results

The study included 68 patients with a median age of 30 (22‐47) years. There were 43 cases (63.2%) of ruptured OEP and 25 (36.8%) of unruptured OEP. The unruptured cases were subclassified as embryonic sac type (n = 16) and heterogeneous mass type (n = 9). Preoperative ultrasound accurately diagnosed 19 cases (27.9%) of OEP, including 10 (62.50%) of the embryonic sac type, 4 (44.44%) of the heterogeneous mass type, and 5 (11.63%) of the ruptured type. Preoperative ultrasonography showed that embryonic sac type OEP was characterized by an intra‐ovarian cystic structure with a distinctive hyperechoic ring and, in some cases (8 out of 16), the presence of embryonic buds and/or yolk sacs. Ruptured OEP was characterized by mixed masses in the pelvic cavity with minimal or significant free pelvic fluid, an unclear boundary between the mass and the ovary, and limited or no vascularity.

Conclusions

Ultrasound may be used to determine the type of OEP preoperatively, with a higher diagnostic yield for the embryonic sac subtype. Preoperative ultrasonographic classification may enhance the preoperative diagnosis of OEP.
Enhancing therapeutic potential: Human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells modified with recombinant adeno‐associated virus expressing VEGF165 gene for peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Jiang Shuai , Chen Bo , Sun Zhen‐Yu
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) modified with recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) carrying the vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (VEGF165) gene in peripheral nerve injury (PNI). The hADSCs were categorized into blank, control (transduced with rAAV control vector), and VEGF165 (transduced with rAAV VEGF165 vector) groups. Subsequently, Schwann cell differentiation was induced, and Schwann cell markers were assessed. The sciatic nerve injury mouse model received injections of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS group), PBS containing hADSCs (hADSCs group), rAAV control vector (control‐hADSCs group), or rAAV VEGF165 vector (VEGF165‐hADSCs group) into the nerve defect site. Motor function recovery, evaluated through the sciatic function index (SFI), and nerve regeneration, assessed via toluidine blue staining along with scrutiny of Schwann cell markers and neurotrophic factors, were conducted. Modified hADSCs exhibited enhanced Schwann cell differentiation and elevated expression of Schwann cell markers [S100 calcium‐binding protein B (S100B), NGF receptor (NGFR), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)]. Mice in the VEGF165‐hADSCs group demonstrated improved motor function recovery compared to those in the other three groups, accompanied by increased fiber diameter, axon diameter, and myelin thickness, as well as elevated expression of Schwann cell markers (S100B, NGFR, and GFAP) and neurotrophic factors [mature brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)] in the distal nerve segment. rAAV‐VEGF165 modification enhances hADSC potential in PNI, promoting motor recovery and nerve regeneration. Elevated Schwann cell markers and neurotrophic factors underscore therapy benefits, providing insights for nerve injury strategies.
Medial‐pivot design does not provide superior clinical results compared to posterior‐stabilized total knee arthroplasty despite kinematic differences during step‐up and lunge activities: A prospective randomized controlled trial under medial tight soft tissue balance
Authors: Nakamura Eiichi , Okamoto Nobukazu , Masuda Tetsuro , Hisanaga Satoshi , Yugami Masaki , Oniki Yasunari , Miyamoto Takeshi
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to compare in vivo kinematics during weight‐bearing daily activities and determine the relationship with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with a medial‐pivot (MP, Evolution™) versus a posterior‐stabilized (PS, Persona®) design under constant conditions of intraoperative soft tissue balance.

Methods

Forty patients undergoing MP or PS‐TKA under similar conditions of soft tissue balance were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled trial. Outcome measures included clinical knee society scores (KSS) and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome scores (KOOS). A kinematic assessment was conducted while the participants performed lunge and step‐up activities under fluoroscopic guidance.

Results

Eighteen patients in each arm completed 1‐year follow‐up and were included in the analysis. All patients experienced pain relief and satisfactory knee function postoperatively. In kinematics, in the MP arm, the medial femoral condyle remained consistent, whereas the lateral femoral condyle gradually shifted posteriorly with increasing knee flexion. Conversely, in the PS arm, paradoxical anterior movement of the medial femoral condyle accompanied the lateral pivot motion. During lunge and step‐up activities, a medial‐pivot motion was observed in 83% and 72% of knees in the MP arm, respectively, compared with 22% and 11% in the PS arm. Despite these differences in kinematics, there were no statistically significant differences in the KSS and KOOS between the two groups.

Conclusion

Under weight‐bearing conditions during flexion, knees that underwent Evolution™ MP‐TKA did not show superior clinical results compared to Persona® PS‐TKA, despite exhibiting in vivo kinematics closely resembling the normal in vivo pattern.

Level of Evidence

Level I, therapeutic studies.
Grazing regimes alter the fate of 15N‐labeled urea in a temperate steppe
Authors: Tian Yuqiang , Wang Ruixue , Zhao Yan , Chen Xiaoxia , Li Xiaobing , Baoyin Taogetao , Su Zhaowen , Ouyang Shengnan
Published: August 2024

Clarifying the fate of different nitrogen (N) species in different pools of terrestrial ecosystems is a prerequisite for a comprehensive understanding of the influence of human activities on the N cycle. Grazing has always been an important way of grassland management for centuries in the temperate grasslands of North China. However, how grazing regimes affect the N fate of urea derived from the livestock in the plant–soil systems of grazed grasslands remains poorly understood. Therefore, an in situ three‐factor (grazing regime, soil depth, and sampling time) 15N‐labeling experiment in a temperate steppe was conducted to answer this question. After 48 days of 15N labeling, the 15N recovered in shoots under no grazing (7.3% ± 1.8%) was approximately 2.3 times of that under rotational (3.2% ± 0.4%) and 2.5 times of that under continuous overgrazing (2.9% ± 0.5%). More 15N was recovered in roots under rotational than continuous overgrazing (19.8% ± 2.4% vs. 10.4% ± 0.5%, respectively), indicating that rotational overgrazing could promote more N retention in the roots. However, the 15N recovered in the soil was lower under continuous (23.7% ± 2.0%) than that of no grazing (42.0% ± 5.6%). Additionally, overgrazing reduced the magnitude of the soil active N pool in microbial biomass N and soluble N relative to no grazing. The grazing regimes would have significantly influenced both the soil and plants. That is to say, grazing regimes have directly impacted plant growth, and subsequently indirectly affected soil properties. Overgrazing often led to excessive vegetation consumption, resulting in decreased soil water content (SWC) and reduced soil organic carbon (SOC), ultimately caused alterations in plant species composition. The retention of 15N within the plant–soil system under continuous overgrazing was notably lower compared to that of no grazing. Continuous overgrazing has led to a shift in the dominant plant species from Leymus chinensis to Stipa grandis, by decreasing the proportion of perennial grasses by 10%, and increasing the annual and biennial plants by 8%. The fate of 15N was also altered in response to the variations in grazing regimes. Consequently, the recovery of 15N within the plant–soil system under continuous overgrazing was significantly lower compared to that of no grazing. In conclusion, overgrazing reduces the recovery of 15N within the plant–soil system in the temperate steppe, and rotational grazing is more preferable over continuous grazing as it could promote higher N retention in grassland ecosystems.
Nutraceutical and Pharmacological Benefits of Some Leguminous Plants of North‐Western Himalaya
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Divya  , Thakur Shivani , Verma Mamta , Hajam Younis Ahamd , Kumar Rajesh , Dhull Sanju Bala , Rose Pawan Kumar , Muzaffar Nazish , Gautam Damodar
Published: August 2024

Legumes have various types of active constituents with disinfection and disease‐prevention properties. They are highly nutritious, providing carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, vitamins, copper, zinc, iron, magnesium and phosphorus. They are free of saturated fats and cholesterol. The Fabaceae or Leguminosae is regarded as legume family, which includes a major group of plant resources in the north‐western Himalayan region, primarily used as food as well as medicine. The term ‘Nutraceutical’ is derived from two words ‘nutrient’ means nourishing food component and ‘pharmaceutical’, which means a medicinal drug. It refers to any product derived from food resources having extra health benefits and nutritional value. These include minerals, vitamins, herbs and their extracts, which provide us with health benefits and play a significant role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, renal disorders, gastrointestinal ailments, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, allergies, eye conditions, obesity and so forth. Therefore, nutraceuticals may contribute to preventing chronic diseases, improving health, postponing the ageing process and increasing life expectancy by supporting the functions and integrity of the body. The north‐western Himalayan region has several species of legumes of utmost significance due to their nutraceutical and therapeutic potential. Among these, major legumes are lentil, chickpea, soybean, kidney bean and groundnut, while several others legumes have rather limited commercial significance. Various parts, that is, young pods, fresh or mature seeds, leaves and flowers, of these legume plants are used for human consumption. In this article, efforts have been made to compile the nutraceutical and medicinal inferences of leguminous plants of north‐west Himalaya. The information provided also pertains to the nutritional benefits, antinutritional properties and distribution of legumes in various regions of north‐western Himalaya through the analysis of different works available in the literature.
Composition‐Graded Perovskite Microwire Toward Broad Wavelength Tunable Single‐Mode Lasing
Authors: Lu Junfeng , He Xiaopeng , Li Fangtao , Li Meili , Xia Sihao , Zhang Linglong , Wang Xiaoxuan , Xu Juan , Zhu Yizhi , Huang Chaoyang , Ji Yanda , Kan Caixia , Xu Chunxiang , Pan Caofeng
Published: August 2024

Continuously manipulating the resonant wavelength of lasing modes within a large spectral range is of great significance for expanding device functionality. Here, to synthesize a single CsPbClxBr3‐x perovskite microwire with the energy bandgap gradient spanning from 2.33 to 2.83 eV along the length direction defined as the axis by using the vapor‐phase anion exchange method is proposed. A high‐quality (≈103), wide range (≈60 nm), and continuously tunable single‐mode laser is achieved in as‐prepared perovskite microwire alloy, which provides both gain media and microresonator. Simultaneously, the exciton recombination dynamics and atomic‐scale interdiffusion mechanisms at different components are clarified through time‐resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectra and theoretical calculations. The vacancy defects have a significant impact on the interdiffusion of halogen anions, excitonic recombination lifetime, and fluorescence quantum efficiency. The work provides a new strategy for the construction of new‐type broadband tunable lasers and high‐precision microspectrometers.
Pain in Multiple System Atrophy: A Community‐Based Survey
Authors: Campese Nicole , Göbel Georg , Wanschitz Julia , Schlager Andreas , Caliò Bianca , Leys Fabian , Bower Pam , Kellerman Larry , Zamarian Laura , Bannister Kirsty , Chaudhuri Kallol Ray , Schrag Anette , Freeman Roy , Kaufmann Horacio , Granata Roberta , Kiechl Stefan , Poewe Werner , Seppi Klaus , Wenning Gregor , Fanciulli Alessandra
Published: August 2024

Background

Pain is a frequent yet poorly characterized symptom of multiple system atrophy (MSA). Understanding the factors influencing pain and its burden is crucial for improving the symptomatic treatment and quality of life of MSA individuals.

Objective

This study aimed at assessing the prevalence, characteristics, and current treatment strategies for pain in MSA.

Methods

A community‐based, online survey was conducted from February to May 2023. Invitations were extended to MSA individuals and informal MSA caregivers through patient advocacies and social media.

Results

We included 190 persons with MSA and 114 caregivers. Eighty‐seven percent of MSA individuals reported pain, which was more prevalent among women (odds ratio [OR]: 6.38 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.27–32.08], P = 0.025) and low‐income groups (OR: 5.02 [95% CI: 1.32–19.08], P = 0.018). Neck and shoulders (58%), back (45%), and legs (45%) were mostly affected. In the neck and shoulders, pain was associated with MSA core features, like orthostatic intolerance (OR: 4.80 [95% CI: 1.92–12.02], P = 0.001) and antecollis (OR: 3.24 [95% CI: 1.54–6.82], P = 0.002). Seventy‐six percent of individuals experiencing pain received treatment, mostly nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (47%), acetaminophen (39%), and opioids (28%). Only 53% of respondents reported at least partial satisfaction with their current pain management. Pain mostly impacted work, household activities, and hobbies of MSA individuals, and caregivers' social activities.

Conclusions

Pain is more prevalent than previously reported in MSA and particularly affects women and low‐income groups. Despite its frequency, pain management remains suboptimal, highlighting an urgent therapeutic need, likely entailing an optimized management of MSA core motor and non‐motor features. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Fast and silent MRI using nonlinear gradient fields at the ultrasonic gradient switching frequency of 20 kHz with a Point Spread Function framework reconstruction
Authors: McGrory Michael J. B. , Versteeg Edwin , Sbrizzi Alessandro , van den Berg Cornelis A. T. , Klomp Dennis , Siero Jeroen C. W.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To demonstrate the feasibility of using a nonlinear gradient field for spatial encoding at the ultrasonic switching frequency of 20 kHz and present a framework to reconstruct data acquired in this way.

Methods

Nonlinear encoding at 20 kHz was realized by using a single‐axis silent gradient insert for imaging in the periphery, that, is the nonlinear region, of the gradient field. The gradient insert induces a rapidly oscillating gradient field in the phase‐encode direction, which enables nonlinear encoding when combined with a Cartesian readout from the linear whole‐body gradients. Data from a 2D gradient echo sequence were reconstructed using a point spread function (PSF) framework. Accelerated scans were also simulated via retrospective undersampling (R = 1 to R = 8) to determine the effectiveness of the PSF‐framework for accelerated imaging.

Results

Using a nonlinear gradient field switched at 20 kHz and the PSF‐framework resulted in images of comparable quality to images from conventional Cartesian linear encoding. At increased acceleration factors (R ≤ 8), the PSF‐framework outperformed linear SENSE reconstructions by improved controlling of aliasing artifacts.

Conclusion

Using the PSF‐framework, images of comparable quality to conventional SENSE reconstructions are possible via combining traditional linear and ultrasonic oscillating nonlinear encoding fields. Using nonlinear gradient fields relaxes the demand for strictly linear gradient fields, enabling much higher slew rates with a reduced risk of peripheral nerve stimulation or cardiac stimulation, which could aid in extension to ultrasonic whole‐body MRI. The lack of aliasing artifacts also highlights the potential of accelerated imaging using the PSF‐framework.
Nexus of public organization, transparency, and accountability in Indonesia's digital governance
Authors: Pribadi Ulung , Iqbal Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad Amien , Juhari  , Ahdarrijal Yujitia
Published: August 2024

This study examined uniting public organization, transparency, and accountability theories for a holistic understanding of digital government service implementation in Indonesia. This study used a survey data collection method with 424 respondents for employees in four local governments. Questionnaires were generated using a Likert scale. Structural equation modeling‐partial least squares was used to assess the validity and reliability of the data and to test hypotheses and regression models. Following the testing of hypotheses and regression analysis, this study found that variables of employee skills, leadership, regulation, infrastructure, information and communication technology, transparency, and accountability had a positive and significant effect on the variable of digital government service implementation with p‐values of 0.034, 0.025, 0.014, 0.031, 0.009, 0.005, and 0.010, respectively. In contrast, variables of budgeting and bureaucratic structure do not positively and significantly impact the variable of digital government service implementation with p‐values of 0.210 and 0.311, respectively. The influence of the independent variables on the dependent variable was strong (R‐square = 0.834). The limitations and implications of these findings are discussed in the conclusion.
A conflict of visions: Ideas shaping wildlife trade policy toward African megafauna
Authors: ʼt Sas‐Rolfes Michael , Gooden Jennifer
Published: August 2024

Among factors that threaten wild populations of African megafauna, wildlife trade has gained prominence as a global policy issue, with concerted international campaigns aiming to influence the trade of species such as elephants, rhinos and lions. Trade policy is strongly contested, confounding attempts to develop coherent approaches across jurisdictions and through international mechanisms such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). This undermines conservation efforts. Understanding the drivers of such conflict may help to address this problem.

Scholars of political science increasingly recognise the power of ideas as drivers within policy processes. Guided by this literature, we developed an analytical framework and conducted a thematic analysis to examine the ideas driving wildlife trade policy conflict. Our nested case study approach examined debates over trade policy toward African elephants, rhinos and lions at two levels: the international policy arena of CITES and within a single country, South Africa. Informed by earlier literature, we tracked the evolution of international trade policy debates over a 4‐year period (2016–2019) and analysed submissions to a national policy review process in South Africa that took place during 2020.

During the study period, state and non‐state actors contributed to vigorous trade policy debates within seven key thematic issues across the case study species. Arguments were driven by both cognitive ideas, which specify cause‐and‐effect relationships, and normative ideas, which are values‐based and especially salient elements of anti‐trade stances.

Fusing these cognitive and normative ideational elements, we identified three distinct overarching narratives relating to wildlife trade policy. These three narratives align with broader environmental policy and political narratives and elucidate inherent tensions within the CITES arena. They also reveal differing ethical interpretations and perceptions of risk and precaution.

Policy implications. Wildlife trade policy conflict is driven at least in part by competing ideological visions, which may be entrenched by the CITES Appendix listing system. The structural role of CITES in perpetuating this polarisation—and the consequences thereof—warrants further research.

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Childhood cancer surgery in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Pio Luca , Loh Amos , Harrison Derek , Gonzalez Gloria , Qureshi Sajid , Lakhoo Kokila , Abib Simone , Abdelhafeez Abdelhafeez H.
Published: August 2024

This report summarizes the status of pediatric surgical oncology services in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Factors such as surgical capacity and enablers, and barriers to providing pediatric surgical oncology services are discussed. A review of the literature was conducted to examine the evidence for the capacity of low‐ and middle‐income countries to provide childhood cancer surgery services, focusing on general surgery. Unpublished, ongoing work and initiatives of international organizations are also described.
Sexually transmitted infection testing and diagnosis in adolescents and young adults with sickle cell disease
Authors: Walden Joseph , Stanek Joseph R. , Ebersole Ashley M. , Nahata Leena , Creary Susan E.
Published: August 2024

Background

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are common and disproportionately affect Black adolescents and young adults (AYAs). Less is known about STIs among Black AYAs with chronic conditions, such as sickle cell disease (AYAs‐SCD). This study compared STI testing and diagnosis between AYAs‐SCD and their peers, overall and among STI‐related encounters.

Procedure

This retrospective, cross‐sectional study used diagnosis and billing codes in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) to identify inpatient and emergency department encounters from January 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023 among all AYAs 15–24 years and those with STI‐related diagnoses (e.g., “cystitis”). STI testing and diagnosis rates were compared between AYAs‐SCD, non‐Black AYAs, and Black AYAs, controlling for age, sex, and encounter setting.

Results

We identified 3602 AYAs‐SCD, 177,783 Black AYAs, and 534,495 non‐Black AYAs. AYAs‐SCD were less likely to be tested for STIs than non‐Black AYAs (odds ratio [OR] = 0.26; adj. p < .001) and Black AYAs (OR = 0.53; adj. p < .001). When tested, AYAs‐SCD were more likely to be diagnosed with an STI than non‐Black AYAs (OR = 2.39; adj. p = .006) and as likely as Black AYAs (OR = 0.67; adj. p = .15). Among STI‐related encounters, AYAs‐SCD were less likely to be tested than non‐Black AYAs (OR = 0.18; adj. p < .001) and Black AYAs (OR = 0.44; adj. p < .001). No significant differences in STI diagnoses were found in this subset between AYAs‐SCD and non‐Black AYAs (OR = 0.32; adj. p = .28) or Black AYAs (OR = 1.07; adj. p = .99).

Conclusions

STI care gaps may disproportionately affect AYAs‐SCD. STIs should be considered when evaluating symptomatic AYAs‐SCD in acute settings. More research is needed to further contextualize STI care for AYAs‐SCD.