bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing Singapore’s ride-hailing regulation through its technocracy using social practice theory
Authors: Palliyani Sreyus , Lee Der-Horng
Published: May 2021

Ride-hailing or private hire has taken the Singapore transport network by storm in the past few years. Singapore has had more than three revisions of its ride-hailing regulation in the six years since the arrival of the disruptive technology. Often quoted in the list of cities with commendable public transport policy, Singapore still manages to find a viable and significant position for ride-hailing. Cities from around the world are all searching for a model of regulation for ride-hailing that can be elevated as a benchmark. Singapore, to a large extent, has formulated a successful model based on current market parameters and, more importantly, an adaptive one that evolves constantly with the constantly disruptive technology. The experts and regulators of the Singapore transport sector were interviewed in depth, tapping into their opinions and technocratic commentaries on the city-state’s Point-to-Point, or P2P, sector regulation. The data were analyzed using the three-element model of social practice theory as an alternative to conventional behavioral studies, thereby eliminating bias on the commuters and rather shifting focus to the practice. Content analysis utilizing QDA is executed for categorization through fine-level inductive matrix coding to elaborate upon the policy derivatives of the Singapore model. The unique addition of the research to ride-hailing policy is the comprehension of the commonalities and patterns across industrial and technological disruption, practice and policy irrespective of sectoral variations, thanks to the utilization of social practice theory. The first-of-its-kind policy exercise in the sector can be repeated for any city, which is a direct testament to the simplicity and exhaustivity of the methodology, benefiting both operators and investors through equitable policy formulation.
Normativity in the EU’s Approach towards Disinformation
Authors: Kobernjuk Anna , Kasper Agnes
Published: May 2021

With the rapid growth of disinformation, two major steps were taken to battle the phenomenon in the online environment—first on the global level, and second on the European Union level. The first step is the Joint Declaration on Freedom of Expression and “Fake News”, Disinformation and Propaganda, which provides a general overview of possible actions to be taken to fight disinformation, and how “things should be”. The steps are connected to following human rights standards, promoting the diversity of media, and paying special attention to intermediaries and media outlets. The second one is the Code of Practice on Disinformation, which is a self-regulatory document that can be voluntarily signed by major social media platforms and advertising bodies, and its main focus is making political advertising coherent and clear, preventing the creation of fake accounts, providing users with tools to report disinformation, and promote further research. Nevertheless, based on the reports and criticism from stakeholders, the Code of Practice has not reached a common ground regarding definitions, it has provided no mechanism to access the development, and has had several other drawbacks which need additional attention and discussion. The article is devoted to identifying gaps in the Code of Practice on Disinformation based on the reports and criticism provided by the stakeholders and elaborating on possible practices to regulate the legal issues raised by disinformation on the European Union level. We use doctrinal and comparative methods in the work.

The doctrinal method targets the cluster that was identified in order to analyze the Code of Practice, identifies weak spots and inconsistencies, and offers solutions from different areas of law. The comparative method was selected since in several areas of law, such as human rights and consumer protection law, the previously identified approaches will be addressed to find the best outcomes. This combination of methods allows an in-depth understanding of legal documents and identifying successful solutions, which can influence further development based on efficient examples.
State of the Landscape and Dynamics of Loss and Fragmentation of Forest Critically Endangered in the Tropical Andes Hotspot: Implications for Conservation Planning
Authors: Rodríguez-Echeverry James , Leiton Margareth
Published: May 2021

Currently, there is no precise information on the degree of transformation of Tropical Andes hotspot landscape and native ecosystems due to the intensification of agricultural and urban land-use. Proper knowledge of these changes would provide crucial information for planning conservation strategies. We evaluated the impact of the intensification of agricultural and urban land-use on the Inter-Andean Dry Forest and Tropical Montane Forest, both of which are categorized as Critically Endangered, and the state of the landscape in the High Rio Guayllabamba watershed, Ecuador, during the periods 1991–2005 and 2005–2017. The evaluation was carried out using Landsat satellite images of 30 x 30 m pixels and landscape metrics. We found an advanced state of landscape transformation. Since the 1990s, the loss of both ecosystems was largely caused by the conversion of forest to agriculture, resulting in substantial changes in the spatial configuration of these ecosystems. From 1991 to 2017, 19.8 % and 16.1 % of Inter-Andean Dry Forest and Tropical Montane Forest respectively, were converted to agriculture. The loss of Inter-Andean Dry Forest was 28 % and the number of forest patches increased by more than 150%. The loss of Tropical Montane Forest was 16.5 % and the number of forest patches increased by more than 300 %. The largest loss and fragmentation of forest cover occurred from 1991 to 2005. We suggested planning landscape-scale conservation, using the patch-corridor-matrix model. This model is appropriate given the current configuration of the landscape studied, with Inter-Andean Dry Forest and Tropical Montane Forest restricted to small patches sparsely distributed across the landscape.
Public Perception of Biodiversity: A Literature Review of Its Role in Urban Green Spaces
Authors: Bele Archana , Chakradeo Ujwala
Published: May 2021

The significance of biodiversity in the survival of human beings and enhancing the urban quality of life is evident from the empirical measurements and qualitative studies carried out across the globe. Despite its importance and value, burgeoning population and growing urbanization are posing a serious threat to biodiversity leading to biodiversity homogenization and ecosystem fragmentation. Moreover, studies reveal that management practices of biodiversity hardly take into account perception, needs, and knowledge of urban residents regarding biodiversity. Urban green spaces have a major role to play in the conservation of urban biodiversity. However, the triangular relationship between biodiversity, urban green spaces, and public perception is still unexplored.

With this aim, the paper attempts to compile, analyze, and synthesize the empirical findings to understand the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding public perception of biodiversity in urban green spaces. The search strategy acquired for the selection of papers resulted in 43 papers from 22 different countries of the world. The paper focuses upon an inclusive definition of urban green spaces, thus encompasses a wide variety of urban and peri-urban green spaces, parks, gardens, and waterfront urban spaces. The analysis of literature pattern reveals a recent increase in studies related to biodiversity perception over the last 10 years. It indicates a strong geographic bias in publications as well. Studies of animals including birds, insects, and reptiles are found scarce compared to plant species. The study could identify potential variables affecting human biodiversity perception which include species literacy, visitation rate, preferences, recreational, health, and restorative benefits, vegetation characteristics, nature connectedness, and conservation support. The paper also proposes a framework for understanding biodiversity perception in urban green spaces that can assist in improving our understanding of the relationship between human interactions and natural environments and framing strategies for urban development, landscape planning, and community health promotions.
Efficiency of the functioning of public administration: regional empirical study
Authors: MARIŠOVÁ Eleonora , LICHNEROVÁ Ivana , MACHYNIAK Ján
Published: May 2021

This paper presents qualitative research findings and a comparative scale efficiency analysis of the units performing services in the building sector. The analysis is based on two unique regional datasets from two countries, the Slovak Republic (SR) and the Czech Republic (CZ). Performance of building competences in Slovakia is based on the principle of voluntary cooperation of municipalities. In case of the Czech building sector, the competences have been transferred to the newly created municipalities with delegated or extended competences. Both states introduced reforms in public administration with the aim to improve their efficiency, including the performance of building competences. Czech Republic is currently undergoing a recodification of Building Act with unification of building authorities into the system of state building offices. The results of our qualitative research in both states in the period 2014-2019 show insufficient personal management due to low financing of building competences. Using quantitative statistical methods, we came to the conclusion that in Slovakia, a return to the performance of competences by state administration (district offices) instead of building offices (as a part of self-government) would not be effective.
The role of personal social capital in shaping the quality of life
Authors: Sushko Valentina Afanas'evna
Published: May 2021

The subject of this research is the analysis of the impact of social capital upon the quality of life. The author reveals the theoretical-methodological approaches of foreign and Russian scholars towards the concept of social capital and its components. In the course of research, it was established that personal social capital affects the quality of life of the Russian residents, outlines the circle of their interests and values, as well as provides real opportunities for the fulfillment of personal interests and needs. This article leans on the empirical data that was obtained as a result of a questionnaire-based survey conducted in 2019 and involved 1,803 people from 22 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The main conclusion of this research consists in the statement that personal social capital, namely such its components as financial security and social connections, affect the quality of life of the people, to a certain extent form the range of their interests and values, as well as provide real opportunities for the fulfillment of personal interests and needs.
Inaptidão sorológica pelos vírus HCV e HIV em doadores de sangue em Centro de Hemoterapia no nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Junior Paulo Celso Curvelo Santos , Teles Weber de Santana , Santana Milenna Freitas , Torres Ruth Cristini , Barros Ângela Maria Melo Sá , Alves Monise Cardoso , Da Silva Max Cruz , De Carvalho Isabelle Borges Primo , Da Silva Rute Nascimento , Jeraldo Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Explorar alguns aspectos da inaptidão sorológica em doadores de um banco de sangue no nordeste brasileiro entre o período de 2010 a 2017. Métodos: Trata-se um estudo retrospectivo de caráter descritivo e exploratório dos candidatos à doação com sorologia positiva para HIV e HCV, que foi realizada através do programa HEMOPLUS no banco de sangue no nordeste brasileiro Resultados: Foram calculadas prevalências totais e anuais de inaptidão sorológica bem como avaliado o perfil dos candidatos à doação. Dentre 52.201 candidatos à doação no período do estudo, 40.724 (78%) foram considerados aptos e 1.114 (2,7%) inaptos para doação, sendo que 40 (3,6%) foram considerados inaptos por apresentarem sorologia positiva para HCV, e 16 (1,4%) para HIV. Quanto ao perfil dos candidatos à doação, 75,2% eram do sexo masculino e 48% tinham entre 30-49 anos. Conclusão: Houve uma tendência decrescente de inaptidão para HCV e HIV entre os doadores, indicando uma diminuição do risco de contaminação através da transfusão de sangue, destacando a importância da triagem sorológica para garantir a segurança transfusional.
Pomakların Dili Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Yılmaz Engin
Published: May 2021

Balkan coğrafyası sakinleri, nüfusları nispeten az olmakla birlikte, çeşitlilik bakımından oldukça zengindir. Balkanlarda, bugünkü Yunanistan’ı da sınırları içerisine alan coğrafi bölge, Türk milleti için tarihî, siyasi, sosyal ve kültürel açıdan son derece önemlidir. Osmanlılardan çok önceleri bölgeye yerleşen Gagavuz, Kuman-Kıpçak, Peçenek gibi Türk boylarının akıbeti Türk tarihi açısından önemli bir problematik olarak görülmektedir. Balkanlarda Bulgarlar, Sırplar, Yunanlılar, Arnavutlar, Boşnaklar ve Hırvatlar gibi var olan milletlerin kökenleri haklarında, istisnai iddialar dışında aşağı yukarı ortak kanaatler varken, Pomaklar, Goralılar ve Torbeşler’in kökenleri hakkında, genel bir kabul yoktur. Bu çerçevede Sırplar; Pomaklar, Torbeşler ve Goralılar ile ilgili olarak “Müslümanlaştırılmış Sırplar”, Makedonlar; “Müslümanlaştırılmış Makedonlar”, Bulgarlar; “Müslümanlaştırılmış Bulgarlar” şeklinde tezler ileri sürmektedir. Pomaklar, bugün itibarıyla Yunanistan, Bulgaristan ve Makedonya’nın dağlık bölgelerinde yoğunlaşmış, kimlik ve yaşam mücadelesi vermektedir. Pomakların tarihi, kökeni, bugün iskân hâlinde bulundukları bölgeye gelirken izledikleri göç yolları ve kullandıkları dil tartışmalıdır. Kanaatimizce bu mesele ile ilgili ortaya atılan tezler, akademik ve tarafsız olmaktan ziyade, politik ve ideolojik bir karakter taşımaktadır. Konunun aydınlatılmasında ortaya konulan Bulgar, Sırp, Yunan ve Makedon kaynaklarının objektif olduğunu söylemek mümkün değildir. Bu itibarla, yaptığımız saha araştırması çerçevesinde, Bulgaristan’da ve Yunanistan’da yaşayan Pomaklar ile doğrudan görüşmeler yapılmış, sosyo-kültürel yapı, dil kullanımları tespit edilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yukarıda adı geçen tezlerin karşısında, tarihî gerçeklere daha uygun olan “Türk Tezi”nin de işlenmesi ve gündemde tutulması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.
“Gönül Coğrafyamız”a Dönüş mü? Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi Dönemi’nde Coğrafya ve Kimlik İlişkisinin Yeniden Tanımlanması
Authors: Bölükbaşı Adem
Published: May 2021

Bu makale Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi’nin siyasi söylemlerinde coğrafya ve kimlik ilişkisinin nasıl yeniden tanımlandığı sorununu ele almaktadır. Bu amaçla öncelikle bu yeniden tanımlamanın teorik zeminin oluşturan fikrî çerçeve ve bu genel çerçevenin temelinde yer alan İslamcı, milliyetçi ve muhafazakâr bakış açısı irdelenmiştir. Öte yandan bu perspektifin yönlendirdiği uygulamalarla bu konudaki söylemin pratiğe nasıl yansıdığı ele alınmıştır. Son olarak da coğrafya ve kimlik ilişkisinin yeniden tanımlanmasının sonucunda “Gönül Coğrafyamız” olarak tarif edilen yeni coğrafya tasavvurunun nasıl bir kimlik anlayışını ortaya çıkardığı irdelenmiştir. Bu konuda örnek olay olarak, AK Parti döneminde değiştirilen Din Kültürü ve Ahlak Bilgisi dersi müfredatında “Gönül Coğrafyamız” başlığı altında yer alan ders içeriği incelenmiş ve bunun üzerinden AK Parti döneminde coğrafya ve kimlik ilişkisine dair genel fikrî çerçevenin ve uygulamaların ders içeriğine nasıl yansıtıldığı ve böylece coğrafya ve kimlik ilişkisinin nasıl yeniden tanımlandığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Maskeli, Mesafeli ve Kırılgan: Modernitenin Pandemik Halleri
Authors: Aydoğan Osman
Published: May 2021

Küreselleşme olgusunun boyutlarını gözler önüne seren Covid-19 pandemisi uzun bir süredir dünya gündeminde yer almaktadır. Pandemi, sağlığın yanında sosyal ve psikolojik yaşamı etkilemiş, kültürel, ekonomik ve politik alanlarda kriz yaratmıştır. Covid-19 pandemisi ayrıca gelecekte de karşılaşmanın muhtemel olduğu küresel çaptaki salgınlar, afetler ve krizler karşısında hazırlık yapılması gerekliliğini bizlere göstermiştir. Yapılacak olan bu hazırlığın sadece sağlık alanıyla sınırlandırılmamasının ve sosyal bilimler alanında yapılacak çalışmaların bu sürece dahil edilmesinin daha işlevsel sonuçlar üreteceği yaşanan tecrübeyle sabitlenmiştir. Disiplinler arası çalışmaların salgınla mücadeledeki öneminden hareketle Fahri Çakı’nın editörlüğünü üstlendiği, 29 sosyal bilimcinin 23 çalışmayla yer aldığı “Maskeli, Mesafeli ve Kırılgan: Modernitenin Pandemik Halleri” isimli kitap 2020 yılında yayınlanmıştır. Sosyal bilimler alanında araştırmalarını yürüten Fahri Çakı’nın kimlik, gençlik, beden göç konusunda çalışmalar yapmıştır. Bu konuların yanında pandemi olgusunun temeli olan ve Türkiye’de yeterli ilgiyi görmemiş afetler sosyolojisi alanında öncü çalışmalar gerçekleştirmiştir. Çakı’nın alana yönelik bilgi ve deneyimi kitabın ortaya çıkmasında etkili olmuştur.
On-Demand Release of Secondary Amine Bases for the Activation of Catalysts and Crosslinkers
Authors: Spitzbarth Benjamin , Eelkema Rienk
Published: May 2021

We demonstrate that the species present in the equilibrium of DCv ureas can be employed in reaction cascades and as triggered organocatalysts. Easily controllable stimuli like heat or addition of water shift the equilibrium towards isocyanate and free base which can function as an in situ released reagent, both catalytically and in an equimolar fashion in different reactions. While applying heat to the system leads to a reversible liberation of amine base, addition of water makes this release irreversible. We demonstrate this application of DCv ureas with two examples via 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Firstly, we use the liberated base to activate a protected organocatalyst for acylhydrazone formation. Secondly, this base can be employed to trigger the release of nitrile-N-oxides from chlorooximes, which can react with 4-arm PEG-thiols to form a thiohydroximate polymer gel. These findings show the utility of DCv hindered ureas beyond their application in self-healing.
A Fully Biocatalytic Approach to Angiopterlactone B Based on a Chemoinspired Artificial in Vitro Metabolism
Authors: Kiefer Alexander , Liu Yu-Chang , Gummerer Rebecca , Jäger Christina , Deska Jan
Published: May 2021

Nature's way to construct highly complex molecular entities with virtue as part of biosynthetic pathways is unmatched by any chemical synthesis. Yet, relying on a cascade of native enzymatic transformations to achieve a certain target structure, biosynthesis is also significantly limited in its scope. In this work, non-natural biocatalytic modules are successfully implemented into an artificial metabolism, combining the benefits of traditional retrosynthesis with the elegance and efficacy of biosynthetic networks. In a highly streamlined process, a fully enzymatic total synthesis of the tricyclic angiopterlactone B is achieved.
Integration of Fluorescent Functionality into Pressure Amplifying Metal-Organic Frameworks
Authors: Walenszus Francesco , Evans Jack D. , Bon Volodymyr , Schwotzer Friedrich , Senkovska Irena , Kaskel Stefan
Published: May 2021

The flexibility of soft porous crystals, i.e., their ability to respond to external stimuli with structural changes, is one of the most fascinating features of metal-organic frameworks. In addition to breathing and swelling phenomena of flexible MOFs, negative gas adsorption and pressure amplification is one of the more recent discoveries in this field, initially observed in the cubic DUT-49 framework. In recent years the structural contraction was monitored by physisorption, X‑ray diffraction, NMR and EPR techniques, providing only limited information about the electronic structure of the ligand. In this work we designed a new ligand with a fluorescent core in the linker backbone and synthesized three new MOFs, isoreticular to DUT-49, denoted as DUT‑140(M) (M - Cu, Co, Zn) crystalizing in space group. DUT‑140(Cu) can be desolvated and is highly porous with an accessible apparent surface area of 4870 m2g-1 and a pore volume of 2.59 cm3g-1. Furthermore, it shows flexibility and NGA upon adsorption of subcritical gases. DUT-140(Zn), synthesized using post-synthetic metal exchange, could only be studied with guests in the pores. In addition to the investigation of the adsorption behavior of DUT-140(Cu) spectroscopic and computational methods were used to study the light absorption properties.
Human papillomavirus vaccination: evidence base for efficacy and safety
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yuliya E. , Borovkova Ekaterina I.
Published: May 2021

The article provides a literature review on the prevention of cervical cancer by human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Currently, 3 vaccines are available: the 4-valent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, the 9-valent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58 and the bivalent vaccine against HPV types 16 and 18. Vaccination provides protection for women and men against infection with HPV and further development of HPV-associated diseases. Following immunization, seroconversion develops in 93-100% of women and in 99-100% of men and is effective in preventing incident and persistent HPV infection as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV immunization is ineffective in treating an existing HPV infection, genital warts, or anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV vaccination status does not affect recommendations for cervical cancer screening.
The Development Higher Order Thinking Skill (Hots) As Questions In Chemistry Study (Solubility And Solubility Product Constant)
Authors: Sarah Faucut , Khaldun Ibnu , Gani Abdul
Published: May 2021

The significance of critical thinking as one of the 21st  century skills makes the Indonesian Ministry of  Education  and  Culture  integrate  Higher  Order Thinking  Skill  (HOTS)  in the  latest national curriculum. Students critical thinking skills to working on HOTS assessment are fundamental, especially in learning chemistry lessons. The research purpose is to analyze the quality of HOTS chemistry questions/ assessment and to observe the teachers and students responses to computer-based test instruments developed using Wondershare Quiz Maker Software (WQM). The research method used Research And Development (R & D) Borg & Gall model. The sample was determined by Random Sampling Technique in total 104 students from several high school in Banda Aceh, it is SMAN 4, SMAN 5, SMAN 8 and SMAN 11. The data analysis technique was through calculating the percentage score of the assessment quality and analyzing the question items quantitatively such as validity, reliability, difficulty level of the questions, differential question power tests and distracting question power using proanaltes. The results showed that the quality of HOTS in chemical questions tested (for the solubility subject and the solubility product constant in terms of qualitative analysis of the items) in the validation test gained average score, it is 98.1%, means the items are qualified categories. In terms of quantitative analysis question items, it reached 95% valid and 5% invalid and the reliability test score was 0.740, are in high category. The questions difficulty covers 95% medium and 5% are in difficult level. The questions differential power for each category is 65% good, 30% medium and 5% less. The teachers and students response to the development of the computer-based HOTS test instrument using WQM software was positive and show good result. The teacher response positively on score strongly agreed was 83.3% and agreed 16.7%, while the students response on score strongly agreed was 27.2% and 63.3% agreed. The research conclusion there is significant  students critical thinking skills improved  (in learning the solubility and the solubility product constant chapter) by using HOTS assessment using Wondershare Quiz Maker software.
The Effect of Distance Learning Practicum based on PhET Interactive Simulations on Science Process Skills of Secondary School Students
Authors: Efendi Nur , Sartika Septi Budi
Published: May 2021

The condition of the covid-19 pandemic makes face-to-face learning become distance learning, learning activities from home are no exception to practicum learning. Alternative solutions using PhET Interactive Simulations. The research aims to describe the influence and great influence of PhET Interactive Simulations-based distance practicum learning on the science process skills of junior high school students. The research method uses quasi-experimentation with matching pre-test post-test control group design. The research population is grade VIII students of SMP Sepuluh Nopember Sidoarjo with a sample of 2 grade VIII, namely VIII H as an experimental class and VIII F as a control class of 40 students each. Research instruments use science process skills tests with 7 indicators namely formulating problems, formulating hypotheses, identifying variables and operational definitions of variables, assembling tools and materials, presenting data, conducting data analysis, and concluding. The results showed there is a huge influence between distance learning practicum based on PhET interactive simulations on the science process skills of secondary school students in natural science subjects. Further research increases the number of research variables, in addition to science process skills as well as understanding of student concepts to science, and so on.
PENGARUH MEDIA ARANG KAYU JATI PADA PROSES PACK CARBURIZING TERHADAP KOMPOSISI KIMIA DAN KEKERASAN BAJA KARBON RENDAH
Authors: Mahardika Shultoni , Hidayat Mohammad Thoriqul
Published: May 2021

Low carbon steel is steel with a carbon element content of less than 0.25%. This type of steel is widely used in spare parts motorbikeproducts after market. This type of product has a lower hardness level when compared toproducts Genuine Parts. Due to the low hardness value of the steel material when compared to Genuine Parts products, this product wears out faster. Due to this, engineering was carried out to increase the hardness of steel. One way is by using themethod pack carburizing. Theprocess pack carburizing in this study uses teak wood charcoal as a carburizer. This process is done by pre-heating the material in thebox carburizing pack at a temperature of 650 C. After pre-heating, the temperature was increased to 900ᵒC and different holding times were carried out, namely 5.6 and 7 hours. After that, the cooling process is carried out with water. The results obtained were that thematerial pack carburized had a higher carbon value as the holding time increased. The carbon value before treatment was 0.12%, then there was an increase to 1.03% at the holding time of 5 hours, 1.18% at the holding time of 6 hours and 1.37% at the holding time of 7 hours. The results of the hardness testing before treatment were 46.4 HRA on average increased to 83.66 HRA, 84.69 HRA and 84, 82 HRA at 5 hours, 6 hours and 7 hours detention. However, when doing statistical tests, it is not recommended to hold the heating time up to 7 hours when using this medium. This is because the comparison of changes in violence between 6 hours and 7 hours of detention did not show a significant increase in violence
universidad intercultural mexiquense y las comunidades rurales e indígenas. Estrategias de acercamiento y experiencias de vinculación
Authors: Erdosova Zuzana
Published: May 2021

El modelo educativo de la universidad intercultural tiene como objetivo la construcción del conocimiento en condiciones de equidad y diálogo con los pueblos originarios, sin embargo, debido a la carga ideológica neoindigenista del modelo educativo, el enfoque teórico y las prácticas reales suelen discrepar. Por ello, el artículo analiza los modos de relacionarse de una universidad concreta, la Universidad Intercultural del Estado de México, con las comunidades indígenas de la región. Se realiza dicho análisis a través de los testimonios de una serie de protagonistas indígenas y no indígenas, involucrados en los procesos de la Vinculación Comunitaria, uno de los ejes del modelo educativo. Se concluye que la relación universidad-comunidad se caracteriza, por un lado, por la apertura de la Universidad a las iniciativas surgidas desde las comunidades incluyendo a los alumnos que de ellas proceden, pero, por otro, por una actitud modernizante que da prioridad a las nociones del desarrollo económico entendido en términos neoliberales ante la autonomía cultural del desarrollo propia de los pueblos originarios. En este sentido, ir desmitificando los discursos educativos hegemónicas se hace de primera importancia para asegurar la transparencia del sistema educativo y su funcionalidad en el contexto de diversidad étnica.
Faktor Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik Dimoderasi Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Guru
Authors: Anggraeni Leni Amalia
Published: May 2021

Background – Competent teachers can produce quality education. The problem that exists is the number of teachers in schools who lack motivation, this is due to the low enthusiasm of teachers when teaching in several schools. In addition, teacher workloads that exceed the limit and lack of training to improve teacher skills also lead to a lack of teacher motivation. The solution is the need to increase work motivation from both extrinsic and intrinsic factors. Purpose – To find out the influence of instristic and extraneous factors moderated work motivation on teacher performance. Design/Methodology/Approach - This research method uses a causality research design. The population of the study was 86 junior high school teachers in Poncokusumo District. With the research sample 46 SMP teachers who have been certified. The approach used is quantitative with Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). Result and Discussion - The results of data analysis state: (1) intrinsic factors affect teacher performance, (2) extrinsic factors affect teacher performance, and (3) moderated intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect teacher performance. Conclusion – The results of this study are the intrinsic and extrinsic factors which are moderated by motivation have a significant effect on performance. Motivation strengthens the relationship between intrinsic and external factors on teacher performance in junior high schools in Poncokusumo sub-district. Research Implications - This research has implications for the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors as well as motivation as moderation on teacher performance
Ratio Legis Penetapan Pembayar Pajak (Taxpayer) sebagai Kedudukan Hukum dalam Pengujian Undang-Undang oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi
Authors: Wicaksono Dian Agung , Nurbaningsih Enny
Published: May 2021

The discourse regarding the determination of the taxpayer standing in judicial review is not a completely new issue to be analyzed. However, it still needs to be examined in the framework of exploring the legal ratio for determining taxpayer standing in judicial review by the Constitutional Court. The findings of this research are an inseparable part of legal research in doctoral degree regarding the dynamics of the Petitioner’s legal standing in judicial review by the Constitutional Court. This research specifically answers the following questions: (a) how is the taxpayer doctrine as a legal standing in judicial review? (b) What is the legal ratio for determining taxpayer standing in judicial review by the Constitutional Court? This is normative legal research, by analyzing secondary data in the form of statutory regulations, Constitutional Court decisions, and literature related to the doctrine of the taxpayer standing in judicial review. The results indicate that the legal ratio for determining taxpayer standing in a judicial review can be traced through the legal considerations of the Constitutional Court decisions in judicial review since 2003-2019.
Pemetaan Partisipatif Guna Pengusulan Tanah Obyek Reforma Agraria (TORA) dalam Kawasan Hutan di Kabupaten Ogan Komering Hulu
Authors: Ekawati Fitria Nur Faizah , Salim M Nazir , Utami Westi
Published: May 2021

Abstract: The Agrarian Reform Program of Jokowi’s era allocated land from the release of forest area of 4,1 million ha trough the Settlement of Land Tenure in Forest Areas (PPTKH) spread over 159 regencies/cities. The PPTKH proposal can only be done once by the community in the district unit. Therefore, participatory mapping is necessary so that the community can prepare the Inver PTKH proposal material. This study aims to explain the implementation, benefits and constraints of participatory mapping for proposing TORA in forest areas. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with spatial pattern analysis. Data collection is done by observation, interviews and document studies. Conduct participatory mapping with using Scaled 2D Mapping and semi-observation participatory. The results show that the benefits of participatory mapping are: the transfer of knowledge of the community, the preparation of a PPTKH proposed database for the community, and a working map for the Inver PTKH Team. The study was conducted to be an effective method of PPTKH socialization because it was carried out to the public so that the purpose of PPTKH can be understood directly.Keywords: agrarian reform, PPTKH, participatory mappingIntisari: Program Reforma Agraria era Jokowi mengalokasikan tanah dari pelepasan kawasan hutan sekitar 4,1 juta ha melalui Penyelesaian Penguasaan Tanah dalam Kawasan Hutan (PPTKH) yang tersebar dalam 159 kabupaten/kota. Usulan PPTKH hanya dapat dilakukan satu kali oleh masyarakat dalam satuan wilayah kabupaten. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pemetaan partisipatif untuk membantu masyarakat agar dapat menyiapkan bahan usulan Inver PTKH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pelaksanaan, manfaat dan kendala pemetaan partisipatif guna pengusulan TORA dalam kawasan hutan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis pola keruangan. Untuk memperoleh data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumen. Pelaksanaan pemetaan partisipatif dengan teknik Scaled 2D Mapping dan observasi semi partisipatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manfaat adanya pemetaan partisipatif adalah transfer of knowledge masyarakat, penyiapan data base usulan PPTKH bagi masyarakat, dan peta kerja bagi Tim Inver PTKH. Kajian yang dilakukan menjadi metode sosialisasi PPTKH yang efektif karena dilakukan kepada masyarakat sehingga maksud PPTKH dapat dipahami secara langsung.Kata Kunci: Reforma Agraria, PPTKH, Pemetaan Partisipatif
Psychiatric Adverse Effects of Levetiracetam in Malignant Glioma Populations; a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Thisayakorn Paul , Schuermeyer Isabel
Published: May 2021

Objective: Levetiracetam is commonly used in malignant glioma populations because of its efficacy, limited drug-drug interactions and adverse effects. Although, there has been growing evidence of adverse neuropsychiatric side effects from levetiracetam; however, such evidence in malignant brain tumor settings is limited. Hence, we hypothesized that malignant glioma patients exposed to levetiracetam would also experience more adverse neuropsychiatric effects compared to patients not receiving this medication.Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in 150 high grade malignant glioma patients at our Cleveland Clinic Cancer Center; from 2013-2014, comparing the accumulative adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes between patients who received levetiracetam and patients who did not (n=108 and 42, respectively). A sub-analysis of each specific neuropsychiatric side effect between these two groups was performed.Results: Patients with malignant glioma receiving levetiracetam had increased risk of developing neuropsychiatric adverse effects compared to the non-levetiracetam group (odds ratio=2.08, p-value=0.040, 95% confidence interval=1.00-4.36). After adjusting for confounding factors, past psychiatric history and the interaction between seizure and levetiracetam use was significantly associated with neuropsychiatric problems. Delirium, psychosis, and irritability were more common in the levetiracetam group, and likely led to more psychiatric referrals, starting of psychotropic medications, and vitamin B6 use.Conclusion: Incidence of neuropsychiatric presentations in malignant glioma patients was higher in the levetiracetam exposed group than the non-exposed group. The changes, or emergence of new neuropsychiatric behaviors should prompt clinicians to search for possible causes; including levetiracetam adverse effects, so they can be managed accordingly.
Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Students' Engagement at University Level
Authors: Murad Madeeha , Ghaffar Abdul , Mehmood Samreen
Published: May 2021

This research work has focused on the investigation of The Impact of Teacher Effectiveness on Students' Engagement at the University Level. A quantitative research design was adopted to collect data from the respondents who included the teaching faculty of Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan. The major objectives of the study were to investigate the impact of teachers' qualification and experience on the students' engagement. It also investigated the gender-wise difference of teachers' effectiveness on students' engagement. Findings of the study show that teachers' qualification and experience has no direct impact on the students' engagement..
Critical Thinking and Curriculum of English at Higher Secondary School Level in Pakistan
Authors: Bushra Ms , Huma Afshan
Published: May 2021

International competitiveness, new technologies and changing markets resulted in a paradigm shift in education that demanded to enrich students with higher-order thinking skills, especially critical thinking. National Curriculum Pakistan was developed and launched in 2006. The curriculum of English (2006) has been devised to provide opportunities for language development of learners to equip them with the competencies that help to better adapt to knowledge advancement and ever-changing local and global society. To investigate if the intended curriculum of English has the goals of higher-order thinking and the planned curriculum in the form of textbooks, is designed keeping in view the current demands of competitive competencies for what the National curriculum of English was planned, and to assess the teachers' perspectives and perception about critical thinking, the researcher conducted a qualitative study. In one of the districts of Punjab Pakistan, based upon the highest enrollment, four male and four female colleges from each of its four subdivisions were selected. One male and one female teacher from each college volunteered to participate in the study. The three-stage study aimed to analyze the intended and planned curriculum of English at higher secondary school level and then analyze the teacher's perception regarding critical thinking, and the actual classroom practices were observed to review the enacted curriculum.
A comparative analysis of strengths and weaknesses of corporate governance practices between two jurisdictions; UK and South Africa
Authors: Costa King , Ngcetane-Vika Thelela
Published: May 2021

This paper is an exploration of theoretical aspects underpinning the practice of Corporate Governance (CG) in the United Kingdom and South Africa. Because of several corporate scandals and failures in the twenty and twenty first siècles, Corporate Governance has been a significant and crucial subject and field of study in business schools in recent years. Leadership and Management of business entities and alignment to prescripts that are statutory formulated for prevention of corporate decline and enhancement of sound business principles continue to be highly contentious issues. A theoretical and exploratory narrative synthesis was conducted to unearth the strengths and weaknesses of contextual explication, practice and legal application of Corporate Governance in both the United Kingdom and South Africa. In terms of the UK, the study found out that the CG is designed and benchmarked on international best practice, seamlessly fitting within all the Codes on Key Aspects of Corporate Governance. Secondly, another major element of strengths determination were found to be inherent in the practice of voluntary compliance. However, the greatest criticisms of Corporate Governance theories in the UK was the fact that their focus is largely on public corporations, especially those listed in London stock exchange and thus, leave behind small and medium enterprises. The cultural diversity is also found to be a cause for concern in terms of practice and legal application. On the other hand, in South Africa, the study found out that consideration for diversity is one of the greatest strengths in CG practice and legal application, which is likely to contribute effectively to good and sound decision-making, reflective of all people. Weaknesses continue to be the delay in realisation of board equity in terms of gender while on the other hand, corruption and lack of adherence to retributive prescripts remain problematic.
Mobile Health Applications for Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Diseases of the Shoulder: A Systematic Analysis
Authors: Steiner Bianca , Richter Isabel , Elgert Lena , Haux Reinhold , Wolf Klaus-Hendrik
Published: May 2021

Rehabilitation of musculoskeletal diseases (MSD) of the shoulder is a multifaceted long-term process, which is often not transparent to affected patients. Mobile health applications (apps) have the potential to support this complex process by improving patients’ self-management skills. However, there seems to be a lack of apps providing a holistic approach to motivate and guide patients during the whole rehabilitation process. Therefore, a systematic analysis of apps on Google Play Store was conducted by two independent reviewers. A total of 3227 apps were identified, of which 64 met the eligibility criteria for the qualitative analysis. The majority of analyzed apps were developed generally for patients with MSD of the shoulder, rarely for specific diseases (individual needs of patients). The majority of apps focus on the provision of information, exercise training, and alternative medicine. Apps for diagnostics, inpatient treatment, and self-management, especially for multiple rehabilitation phases, are rare or even not existent. Game design elements are seldom used. If there are any, then simple to implement ones, e.g. messages and progress bars. The (psychological) effects of individual game design elements on patients seem to be neglected, when selecting and implementing game-components.
A Constructive Fuzzy Representation Model for Heart Data Classification
Authors: Vasilakakis Michael D. , Iakovidis Dimitris K. , Koulaouzidis George
Published: May 2021

The early detection of Heart Disease (HD) and the prediction of Heart Failure (HF) via telemonitoring and can contribute to the reduction of patients’ mortality and morbidity as well as to the reduction of respective treatment costs. In this study we propose a novel classification model based on fuzzy logic applied in the context of HD detection and HF prediction. The proposed model considers that data can be represented by fuzzy phrases constructed from fuzzy words, which are fuzzy sets derived from data. Advantages of this approach include the robustness of data classification, as well as an intuitive way for feature selection. The accuracy of the proposed model is investigated on real home telemonitoring data and a publicly available dataset from UCI.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Antimicrobial Resistance of Acinetobacter Baumannii, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Strains
Authors: Feretzakis Georgios , Sakagianni Aikaterini , Loupelis Evangelos , Kalles Dimitris , Martsoukou Maria , Skarmoutsou Nikoleta , Christopoulos Constantinos , Lada Malvina , Velentza Aikaterini , Petropoulou Stavroula , Michelidou Sophia , Kaldis Vasileios , Chatzikyriakou Rea , Dalainas Ilias , Dimitrellos Evangelos
Published: May 2021

Hospital-acquired infections, particularly in ICU, are becoming more frequent in recent years, with the most serious of them being Gram-negative bacterial infections. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered the most resistant bacteria encountered in ICU and other wards. Given the fact that about 24 hours are usually required to perform common antibiotic resistance tests after the bacteria identification, the use of machine learning techniques could be an additional decision support tool in selecting empirical antibiotic treatment based on the sample type, bacteria, and patient’s basic characteristics. In this article, five machine learning (ML) models were evaluated to predict antimicrobial resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We suggest implementing ML techniques to forecast antibiotic resistance using data from the clinical microbiology laboratory, available in the Laboratory Information System (LIS).
Desiderata for a Synthetic Clinical Data Generator
Authors: Wiedekopf Joshua , Ulrich Hannes , Essenwanger Andrea , Kiel Alexander , Kock-Schoppenhauer Ann-Kristin , Ingenerf Josef
Published: May 2021

The current movement in Medical Informatics towards comprehensive Electronic Health Records (EHRs) has enabled a wide range of secondary use cases for this data. However, due to a number of well-justified concerns and barriers, especially with regards to information privacy, access to real medical records by researchers is often not possible, and indeed not always required. An appealing alternative to the use of real patient data is the employment of a generator for realistic, yet synthetic, EHRs. However, we have identified a number of shortcomings in prior works, especially with regards to the adaptability of the projects to the requirements of the German healthcare system. Based on three case studies, we define a non-exhaustive list of requirements for an ideal generator project that can be used in a wide range of localities and settings, to address and enable future work in this regard.
Electronic Phenotyping to Identify Patients with Heart Failure Using a National Clinical Information Database in Japan
Authors: Nakayama Masaharu , Inoue Ryusuke
Published: May 2021

Heart failure (HF) is a grave problem in the clinical and public health sectors. The aim of this study is to develop a phenotyping algorithm to identify patients with HF by using the medical information database network (MID-NET) in Japan. Methods: From April 1 to December 31, 2013, clinical data of patients with HF were obtained from MID-NET. A phenotyping algorithm was developed with machine learning by using disease names, examinations, and medications. Two doctors validated the cases by manually reviewing the medical records according to the Japanese HF guidelines. The algorithm was also validated with different cohorts from an inpatient database of the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine at Tohoku University Hospital. Results: The algorithm, which initially had low precision, was improved by incorporating the value of B-type natriuretic peptide and the combination of medications related to HF. Finally, the algorithm on a different cohort was verified with higher precision (35.0% → 87.8%). Conclusions: Proper algorithms can be used to identify patients with HF.