bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust Arabic Text Categorization by Combining Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Ameur Mohamed Seghir Hadj , Belkebir Riadh , Guessoum Ahmed
Published: July 2020

Text Categorization is an important task in the area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). Its goal is to learn a model that can accurately classify any textual document for a given language into one of a set of predefined categories. In the context of the Arabic language, several approaches have been proposed to tackle this problem, many of which are based on the bag-of-words assumption. Even though these methods usually produce good results for the classification task, they often fail to capture contextual dependencies from textual data. On the other hand, deep learning architectures that are usually based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) or Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) do not suffer from such a limitation and have recently shown very promising results in various NLP applications. In this work, we use deep learning models that combine RNN and CNN for the task of Arabic text categorization using static, dynamic, and fine-tuned word embeddings. The experimental results reported on the Open Source Arabic Corpora (OSAC) dataset have shown the effectiveness and high performance of our proposed models.
Cholinergic modulation of CRH and non-CRH neurons in Barrington’s nucleus of the mouse
Authors: Kawatani Masahiro , Itoi Keiichi , Talukder Ashraf Hossain , Uchida Katsuya , Sakimura Kenji , Kawatani Masahito
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the effects of bath-applied cholinergic agonists on Barrington’s nucleus (BarN) neurons in vitro. They were either excitatory, through nicotinic receptors, or inhibitory, through muscarinic receptors. Putative corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons in BarN, as well as putative non-CRH-expressing neurons, responded to cholinergic agonists.
Study on Restoration Materials for Historical Silty Earthen Sites Based on Lime and Starch Ether
Authors: Kong Dequan , Chen Jianxun , Wan Rong , Liu Hongli
Published: June 2020

The relics built with soil are called earthen archaeological sites. Many silt earthen sites exposed to natural environment get seriously damaged and thus require urgent restoration with suitable materials. Previously, lime and glutinous rice slurry were used in the construction of earthen sites. However, lime is usually used in clay, and glutinous rice pulp is difficult to prepare and use on a large scale. Therefore, in this study, starch ether was selected to replace glutinous rice pulp. Lime and starch ether were added to silt as single or double additives, respectively, to prepare the corresponding single‐mixed and multiple‐mixed modified soil samples. Furthermore, the direct shear test and compression test were carried out and the optimum content was determined. The strength and durability of optimum modified materials were compared with those of the original site soil. When the lime content was 9% or the concentration of starch ether solution was 5%, the shear strength and compression resistance ability of single‐mixed modified soil were improved significantly. When lime content was 6% and starch ether solution was 5%, the strength of multiple‐mixed modified soil was the best, and the maximum cohesion and internal friction angle were 51.1 and 3.37% higher than those of single‐mixed soil, respectively. The strength and durability of the optimum modified soil were similar to or higher than those of the site soil. Thus, it is feasible and effective to use lime together with starch ether as restoration material for silty earthen sites.
An Artificial Intelligence Model for Predicting 1‐Year Survival of Bone Metastases in Non‐Small‐Cell Lung Cancer Patients Based on XGBoost Algorithm
Authors: Huang Zhangheng , Hu Chuan , Chi Changxing , Jiang Zhe , Tong Yuexin , Zhao Chengliang
Published: June 2020

Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients often develop bone metastases (BM), and the overall survival for these patients is usually perishing. However, a model with high accuracy for predicting the survival of NSCLC with BM is still lacking. Here, we aimed to establish a model based on artificial intelligence for predicting the 1‐year survival rate of NSCLC with BM by using extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), a large‐scale machine learning algorithm. We selected NSCLC patients with BM between 2010 and 2015 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. In total, 5973 cases were enrolled and divided into the training (n = 4183) and validation (n = 1790) sets. XGBoost, random forest, support vector machine, and logistic algorithms were used to generate predictive models. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate and compare the predictive performance of each model. The parameters including tumor size, age, race, sex, primary site, histological subtype, grade, laterality, T stage, N stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, distant metastases to other sites (lung, brain, and liver), and marital status were selected to construct all predictive models. The XGBoost model had a better performance in both training and validation sets as compared with other models in terms of accuracy. Our data suggested that the XGBoost model is the most precise and personalized tool for predicting the 1‐year survival rate for NSCLC patients with BM. This model can help the clinicians to design more rational and effective therapeutic strategies.
Severe Life-Threatening Pregnancy Complications, “Near Miss” and Maternal Mortality in a Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Akpan Ubong Bassey , Asibong Udeme , Omoronyia Ezukwa , Arogundade Kazeem , Agan Thomas , Ekott Mabel
Published: July 2020

Background. Investigating severe life-threatening pregnancy complications that women encounter and the maternal morbidities (near miss) may help to evaluate the quality of care in health facility and recommend ways to improve maternal and infant survival especially in low-income countries. The aim of this review was to identify, classify, and determine the frequency and nature of maternal near miss events and the maternal and perinatal outcomes.Methods. A retrospective facility-based review of cases of near miss and maternal mortality occurring between 1stJanuary 2012 and 31stDecember 2016 at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital was conducted. Near miss case definition was based on the WHO disease specific criteria. The main outcomes included the maternal mortality ratio (MMR), maternal near miss ratio (MNMR), mortality index, maternal morbidities, and perinatal outcome.Results. There were 10,111 pregnancy-related admissions, 790 life-threatening pregnancy complications that resulted in 99 maternal deaths, and 691 near miss cases. The maternal mortality ratio was 979 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, and the maternal near miss ratio was 6,834 per 100,000 maternities. The MMR to MNMR ratio was 1 : 8. Sepsis and severe anaemia had high case-specific mortality indices of 0.4 and 0.53, respectively. The perinatal outcome was poor compared to that of uncomplicated pregnancies: perinatal mortality rate (PMR) 266 per 1000 live births (OR 7.74); neonatal intensive care (NIC) admissions 11.6 percent (OR 1.83); and low birth weight (LBW) (<2.5 kg) 12.19 percent (OR 1.89).Conclusion. Antenatal care and early recognition of danger signs in pregnancy as well as prompt referral and early institution of essential obstetrics care are important for maternal and infant survival.
A Social Network Analysis on Venture Capital Alliance’s Exit from an Emerging Market
Authors: Wu Jing , Luo Chuan , Liu Ling
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the impacts of network structure on a venture capital (VC) alliance’s successful exit from an emerging market by empirically analyzing joint VC data in China. We find that, compared to a mature capital market, the mechanism not only has a certain commonality but also shows the emerging market’s particularities. From the commonality perspective, the mechanism has a positive effect on successful exit by obtaining heterogeneity information. These particularities are manifested in the following three aspects. First, the mechanism is not conducive to deepening the enterprise value chain to establish credibility by obtaining short-term cash during an initial public offering with the enhancement of the VC alliance’s intervention ability for enterprise development. In addition, a VC alliance’s independent judgment is bound by the VC market. Furthermore, the problem of over-trust in investees reduces the likelihood of a VC alliance’s successful exit. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the particularity of emerging markets such as China to improve the relevant management mechanism.
Political Connections, Debt Restructuring, and Enterprise Investment: Evidence from China
Authors: Mo Xinlin , Jiang Jinglu
Published: June 2020

This paper shows that the link between debt restructuring and enterprise investment in emerging economies hinges critically on the political connections. Taking Chinese A-share listed enterprises from 2005 to 2016 as samples, we examine whether and how political connections affect the relationship between debt restructuring and enterprise investment based on the DID method. The results show that compared with nonpolitically connected enterprises, debt restructuring effectively improves the investment efficiency in enterprises with political ties, which is mainly due to alleviating the overinvestment and underinvestment. Furthermore, the positive effect of debt restructuring on investment is more prominent in enterprises with weak strength of political connection. It is worth noting that as the strength of political connection increases from weak to strong, the positive impact of debt restructuring on investment turns to negative impact, which reflects the heterogeneity of connection strength on the relation between debt restructuring and investment. This paper provides new evidence for understanding the investment behaviour of debt restructuring enterprises and provides some policy implications for managers and decision-makers intending to improve the investment efficiency and enhance the sustainable development of enterprises from the perspective of political connections.
High Frequency of AIFM1 Variants and Phenotype Progression of Auditory Neuropathy in a Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Hongyang , Bing Dan , Li Jin , Xie Linyi , Xiong Fen , Lan Lan , Wang Dayong , Guan Jing , Wang Qiuju
Published: July 2020

To decipher the genotype-phenotype correlation of auditory neuropathy (AN) caused by AIFM1 variations, as well as the phenotype progression of these patients, exploring the potential molecular pathogenic mechanism of AN. A total of 36 families of individuals with AN (50 cases) with AIFM1 variations were recruited and identified by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing; the participants included 30 patients from 16 reported families and 20 new cases. We found that AIFM1-positive cases accounted for 18.6% of late-onset AN cases. Of the 50 AN patients with AIFM1 variants, 45 were male and 5 were female. The hotspot variation of this gene was p.Leu344Phe, accounting for 36.1%. A total of 19 AIFM1 variants were reported in this study, including 7 novel ones. A follow-up study was performed on 30 previously reported AIFM1-positive subjects, 16 follow-up cases (53.3%) were included in this study, and follow-up periods were recorded from 1 to 23 years with average 9.75±9.89 years. There was no hearing threshold increase during the short-term follow-up period (1-10 years), but the low-frequency and high-frequency hearing thresholds showed a significant increase with the prolongation of follow-up time. The speech discrimination score progressed gradually and significantly along with the course of the disease and showed a more serious decline, which was disproportionately worse than the pure tone threshold. In addition to the X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, the X-linked dominant inheritance pattern is also observed in AIFM1-related AN and affects females. In conclusion, we confirmed that AIFM1 is the primary related gene among late-onset AN cases, and the most common recurrent variant is p.Leu344Phe. Except for the X-linked recessive inheritance pattern, the X-linked dominant inheritance pattern is another probability of AIFM1-related AN, with females affected. Phenotypical features of AIFM1-related AN suggested that auditory dyssynchrony progressively worsened over time.
Driving Performance Evaluation Correlated to Age and Visual Acuities Based on VR Technologies
Authors: Hwang Sooncheon , Kim Sunhoon , Lee Dongmin
Published: July 2020

There is currently much debate regarding the effectiveness of the driver license system in South Korea, due to the numerous traffic crashes caused by drivers who are suspected of having insufficient physical and mental abilities. Through the present system, it is quite difficult to identify such drivers indirectly through physical tests, such as visual acuity tests, since the correlation of such results with driving performance remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between driving performance and visual acuities for improving the South Korean driver license system. In this study, two investigations were conducted: static and dynamic visual acuity examinations and driving performance tests based on a virtual reality (VR) system. The driving performance was evaluated with a driving simulator, based on driving behaviors in different experimental scenarios, including daytime and nighttime driving on a rural highway, and unexpected incident situations. Here, we produce statistically significant evidence that reduced visual acuity impairs driving performance, and driving behaviors differ significantly among groups with different vision capabilities, especially dynamic vision. Visual acuities, typically dynamic visual acuity, greatly influenced driving behavior, as measured by the standard deviation of speeds and vehicle LPs, and this was especially notable in curved road segments in daytime experiment. These experimental results revealed that the driving performance of participants with impaired dynamic visual acuity was deficient and unsafe. This confirmed that dynamic visual acuity levels are significant determinants of driving behavior, and they well explain driver performance levels. These findings suggest that the South Korean driver license system should include a test of dynamic visual acuity to create better and safer driving.
Fostering Learners’ Perceived Presence and High-Level Learning Outcomes in Online Learning Environments
Authors: Taghizade Abbas , Hatami Javad , Noroozi Omid , Farrokhnia Mohammadreza , Hassanzadeh Alireza
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the effects of using a teaching model enriched with presence on learners’ perceived presence and high-level learning outcomes in online learning environments. The study was conducted in an Iranian state university with 52 higher education students majoring in electronic IT management who were randomly divided into experimental or control group conditions. The research tools included a rubric to measure learner’s perceived presence and the researcher-made survey to measure learner’s high-level learning outcomes. The results showed that the frequency of the produced semantic units in different types of presence (cognitive, social, and teaching presence) was significantly higher for students in the experimental condition than those in the control group condition. In addition, students in the experimental condition showed more progression in the posttest in terms of their high-level learning outcomes as compared to the students in the control group condition.
Four Novel Variants in POU4F3 Cause Autosomal Dominant Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss
Authors: Cui Tian-Yi , Gao Xue , Huang Sha-Sha , Sun Yan-Yan , Zhang Si-Qi , Jiang Xin-Xia , Yang Yan-Zhong , Kang Dong-Yang , Zhu Qing-Wen , Yuan Yong-Yi
Published: July 2020

Hereditary hearing loss is one of the most common sensory disabilities worldwide. Mutation of POU domain class 4 transcription factor 3 (POU4F3) is considered the pathogenic cause of autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss (ADNSHL), designated as autosomal dominant nonsyndromic deafness 15. In this study, four novel variants in POU4F3, c.696G>T (p.Glu232Asp), c.325C>T (p.His109Tyr), c.635T>C (p.Leu212Pro), and c.183delG (p.Ala62Argfs∗22), were identified in four different Chinese families with ADNSHL by targeted next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, c.183delG (p.Ala62Argfs∗22) is classified as a pathogenic variant, c.696G>T (p.Glu232Asp) and c.635T>C (p.Leu212Pro) are classified as likely pathogenic variants, and c.325C>T (p.His109Tyr) is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Based on previous reports and the results of this study, we speculated that POU4F3 pathogenic variants are significant contributors to ADNSHL in the East Asian population. Therefore, screening of POU4F3 should be a routine examination for the diagnosis of hereditary hearing loss.
Methodological Guidelines for the Design and Integration of Software Learning Objects for Scientific Programming Education
Authors: Dolgopolovas Vladimiras , Dagienė Valentina , Jevsikova Tatjana
Published: July 2020

The motivation for the research is the need to develop an integrated and holistic approach to fostering students’ scientific inquiry based on scientific programming education by conducting computational experiments and simulations. At the same time, the implementation of the learner-centred approaches to scientific programming education and the related development of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learner-centred educational environment are of primary importance for K-16 education. The key interest is how to design and integrate learning resources which include software learning objects for making simulations. The research investigates educational aspects of the technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) framework applied to scientific computing and scientific programming educational domain and provides methodological guidelines and design principles of practical implementation of educational resources. These include design principles for the development of the model-based scientific inquiry-centred learning resources, generic design templates for designing educational aspects of scientific programming education, generic use case models for learning resources for scientific programming education, and supportive methodological considerations.
The Dynamic Change of Pore Structure for the Low-Rank Coal with Various Pretreatment Temperatures: A Case Study from Southwestern Ordos Basin
Authors: Li Teng
Published: July 2020

The pore characteristics of the low-rank coal are different from medium- and high-rank coals. The low-temperature N2 adsorption (LP-N2A) measurements with a single low-rank coal were launched, and the dynamic change of pore structures under various pretreatment temperatures from 120°C to 300°C was studied. The isothermal curves of the DFS coal sample feature IV type, the hysteresis loops convert from H4 type to H2 type, and the hysteresis loops tend to be closed with the increased pretreatment temperatures. The mesopores are dominant in the DFS coal. The dynamic of pore volume (PV) and pore specific surface area (SSA) features the three-step-style change with the cut-off temperature points at 150°C and 240°C, and this has a relationship with the loss of the moisture and volatiles in the DFS coal sample. The pores with an aperture below 10 nm are the dominant mesopores in the DFS coal, and the mesopore volume features bimodal pattern distribution with a higher left peak of approximately 1.7 nm and a lower right peak of approximately 3-5 nm, and the right peak continuously right shift with the increase pretreatment temperatures. The total mesopore volume decreases with the upgrading temperatures, while the ratio of pores greater than 5 nm increases. Finally, the mesopore evolution model with the increased pretreatment temperatures was summarized.
Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction of Aliphatic Enals and Benzoylnitromethane: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Tetrasubstituted Cyclohexene Carbaldehyde
Authors: David Rodriguez Fredy A. , Maldonado Villamil Mauricio , Guevara-Pulido James
Published: June 2020

A new example of the reactivity of enals with benzoylnitromethane was studied in a Michael-Michael-Aldol-Dehydration quadruple organocascade reaction. The reaction unexpectedly yielded a tetrasubstituted cyclohexene carbaldehyde with excellent enantiomeric excess when crotonaldehyde was used as the Michael-acceptor, whereas using (E)-Hex-2-enal as the Michael-acceptor formed a cyclic hemiacetal by steering the reaction into the intramolecular formation of the same intermediate via a Michael-Heterocyclization domino reaction.
A Brain Network Constructed on an L1-Norm Regression Model Is More Sensitive in Detecting Small World Network Changes in Early AD
Authors: Liu Hao , Hu Haimeng , Wang Huiying , Han Jiahui , Li Yunfei , Qi Huihui , Wang Meimei , Zhang Sisi , He Huijin , Zhao Xiaohu
Published: July 2020

Most previous imaging studies have used traditional Pearson correlation analysis to construct brain networks. This approach fails to adequately and completely account for the interaction between adjacent brain regions. In this study, we used the L1-norm linear regression model to test the small-world attributes of the brain networks of three groups of patients, namely, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and healthy controls (HCs); we attempted to identify the method that may detect minor differences in MCI and AD patients. Twenty-four AD patients, 33 MCI patients, and 27 HC elderly subjects were subjected to functional MRI (fMRI). We applied traditional Pearson correlation and the L1-norm to construct the brain networks and then tested the small-world attributes by calculating the following parameters: clustering coefficient (Cp), path length (Lp), global efficiency (Eg), and local efficiency (Eloc). As expected, L1 could detect slight changes, mainly in MCI patients expressing higher Cp and Eloc; however, no statistical differences were found between MCI patients and HCs in terms of Cp, Lp, Eg, and Eloc, using Pearson correlation. Compared with HCs, AD patients expressed a lower Cp, Eloc, and Lp and an increased Eg using both connectivity metrics. The statistical differences between the groups indicated the brain networks constructed by the L1-norm were more sensitive to detect slight small-world network changes in early stages of AD.
The PPARΩPocket: Renewed Opportunities for Drug Development
Authors: Kaupang Åsmund , Hansen Trond Vidar
Published: July 2020

The past decade of PPARγresearch has dramatically improved our understanding of the structural and mechanistic bases for the diverging physiological effects of different classes of PPARγligands. The discoveries that lie at the heart of these developments have enabled the design of a new class of PPARγligands, capable of isolating central therapeutic effects of PPARγmodulation, while displaying markedly lower toxicities than previous generations of PPARγligands. This review examines the emerging framework around the design of these ligands and seeks to unite its principles with the development of new classes of ligands for PPARαand PPARβ/δ. The focus is on the relationships between the binding modes of ligands, their influence on PPAR posttranslational modifications, and gene expression patterns. Specifically, we encourage the design and study of ligands that primarily bind to theΩpockets of PPARαand PPARβ/δ. In support of this development, we highlight already reported ligands that if studied in the context of this new framework may further our understanding of the gene programs regulated by PPARαand PPARβ/δ. Moreover, recently developed pharmacological tools that can be utilized in the search for ligands with new binding modes are also presented.
A Genetic Screen to Identify Gain- and Loss-of-Function Modifications that Enhance T-cell Infiltration into Tumors
Authors: Rogers Laura M. , Wang Zhaoming , Mott Sarah L. , Dupuy Adam J. , Weiner George J.
Published: July 2020

T-cell–mediated cancer immunotherapies, including anti–PD-1 and T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CAR-T cells), are becoming standard treatments for many cancer types. CAR-T therapy, in particular, has been successful in treating circulating, but not solid, tumors. One challenge limiting immunotherapy success is that tumors lacking T-cell infiltration do not respond to treatment. Therefore, one potential strategy to overcome resistance is to enhance the ability of T cells to traffic into tumors. Here, we describe an unbiased in vivo genetic screen approach utilizing the Sleeping Beauty mutagenesis system to identify candidate genes in T cells that might be modified to drive intratumoral T-cell accumulation. This screen identified over 400 candidate genes in three tumor models. These results indicated substantial variation in gene candidate selection, depending on the tumor model and whether or not mice were treated with anti–PD-1, yet some candidate genes were identified in all tumor models and with anti–PD-1 therapy. Inhibition of the most frequently mutated gene, Aak1, affected chemokine receptor expression and enhanced T-cell trafficking in vitro and in vivo. Screen candidates should be further validated as therapeutic targets, with particular relevance to enhancing infiltration of adoptively transferred T cells into solid tumors.
Delivery of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Using Self-Inflating Bags during Newborn Resuscitation Is Possible Despite Mask Leak
Authors: Gomo Øystein Herwig , Eilevstjønn Joar , Holte Kari , Yeconia Anita , Kidanto Hussein , Ersdal Hege Langli
Published: July 2020

Background: Ventilation is the key intervention to resuscitate non-breathing newborns. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may facilitate lung-liquid clearance and help establish functional residual capacity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe how mask leak and ventilation rates affect delivered PEEP and tidal volumes during newborn resuscitations using a self-inflating bag with an integrated PEEP valve. Methods: This was an observational study including near-term/term newborns who received bag-mask ventilation (BMV) with a new self-inflating bag with a novel 6 mbar PEEP valve, without external gas flow, between October 1, 2016 and June 30, 2018 in rural Tanzania. Helping Babies Breathe-trained midwives performed most of the resuscitations. Pressures and flow were continuously measured and recorded by resuscitation monitors. Results: In total, 198 newborns with a median gestation of 39 weeks (25th, 75th percentiles 37, 40) and birth weight of 3,100 g (2,580, 3,500) were included. The median delivered PEEP and expired (tidal) volume at different levels of mask leak were 6.0 mbar and 11.3 mL/kg at 0–20% mask leak, 5.5 mbar and 9.3 mL/kg at 20–40%, 5.2 mbar and 7.8 mL/kg at 40–60%, 4.6 mbar and 5.0 mL/kg at 60–80%, and 1.0 mbar and 0.6 mL/kg at 80–100% mask leak. A high ventilation rate (>60/min) nearly halved expired volumes compared to <60/min for 0–60% leak. The BMV rate had a negligible effect on peak inflation pressure (PIP) and PEEP. Conclusions: Mask leak up to 80% did not impair the provision of recommended PEEP or tidal volumes during BMV with a self-inflating bag. High or low ventilation rates did not significantly affect PIP or PEEP. Expired volumes were reduced at ventilation rates >60/min.
O que diz uma manchete? Uma leitura construcional de manchetes argentinas e brasileiras
Authors: Correa Paulo Pinheiro
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho, dentro do instrumental teórico da Gramática de Construções baseada no Uso (Goldberg 1995, 2006, entre outros) foram identificadas as construções de estrutura argumental instanciadas em manchetes em 300 dados da seção policial de dois jornais argentinos e dois brasileiros, com a finalidade de compará-las e definir suas propriedades. O resultado da análise dos 150 dados de cada língua revelou que: (a) no gênero discursivo manchete nos jornais de Buenos Aires é usada uma variedade maior de construções (12 tipos) que nas manchetes dos jornais do Rio de Janeiro (5 tipos) e (b) a escolha exata de uma entre as 12 manchetes argentinas usadas está ligada à relevância/irrelevância pragmática do fato informado e impede leituras inadequadas. Nos dados brasileiros, as construções usadas não mostraram a mesma especificação semântica e pragmática, expressando participantes semanticamente previstos e pragmaticamente irrelevantes.
A variação linguística no espanhol comparada ao português brasileiro no âmbito do objeto pronominal acusativo de 3ª pessoa
Authors: Simões Adriana Martins
Published: July 2020

Neste trabalho, apresentamos os resultados de nossa pesquisa (Simões, 2015) a respeito da realização do objeto pronominal acusativo de 3ª pessoa nas variedades de espanhol de Madri e Montevidéu e comparamos as tendências encontradas com o português brasileiro. Tendo em vista estudos sobre o espanhol (Campos, 1986; Fernández Soriano, 1999; Groppi; 1997), nossa hipótese era de que nas variedades de espanhol que investigamos a omissão do objeto se restringiria a antecedentes [-determinados; -específicos]. Contudo, verificamos a ocorrência de objetos nulos em outros contextos, contrariando parcialmente a nossa hipótese.
Recurso léxico-gramatical de los verbos locativos del español: teoría y metodología
Authors: Rodrigues Roana
Published: July 2020

El Léxico-Gramática (LG) es un modelo teórico- metodológico que propone una descripción sistemática de los fenómenos lingüísticos de las lenguas naturales, conjugando léxico y gramática. En este artículo, presentamos el proceso de construcción de un LG de los verbos locativos del español, o sea, de oraciones en que el núcleo es un verbo que selecciona, entre sus argumentos esenciales, un elemento interpretado como lugar (Puse el libro en la mesa). Para ello nos basamos en trabajos sobre el francés (Guillet; Leclère, 1992), el portugués europeo (Baptista, 2013) y las contribuciones sobre el fenómeno en lengua española (Rojas Nieto, 1988; García-Miguel, 2006). Se analizaron 318 construcciones verbales locativas del español, distribuidas en 10 clases distintas, a depender de sus propiedades estructurales, distribucionales y transformacionales. Los datos, ordenados en tablas binarias, se pueden utilizar en la elaboración de materiales de enseñanza y como recursos descriptivos aplicados al Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (PLN).
Considerações sobre o clítico se em construções médias com os verbos espanhóis matar e morir
Authors: Belando Mariane Garin
Published: July 2020

Este artigo pretende considerar o clítico se como médio em sentenças com os verbos matar e morir na língua espanhola. Para isso, proporemos a hipótese de que tal clítico não se sustenta como reflexivo energético (Maldonado, 1988) em todas as suas possíveis construções, sendo que certas características propostas pela semântica gerativa (Lakoff, 1970; McCawley, 1973; Hofmann, 1993), além do processo de anticausativização, proposto por Zubizarreta (1985), deverão ser considerados na tentativa de demonstrar que algumas dessas construções podem ser estabelecidas como médias.
Aspectos comparativos em contextos de telecolaboração: teletandem português e espanhol
Authors: Carvalho Kelly Cristiane Henschel Pobbe de , Ramos Karin Adriane Henschel Pobbe
Published: July 2020

O propósito deste artigo é discutir os aspectos comparativos que emergem durante as interações em teletandem português e espanhol e suas relações com o ensino e aprendizagem dessas línguas como LE nesse contexto. Para tanto, apoiamos nossa discussão nos estudos comparados entre o espanhol e o português brasileiro (Fanjul; González, 2014), que discutem a proximidade e a distância entre as duas línguas, bem como os desdobramentos teórico-metodológicos de tais reflexões. Os dados analisados provêm de questionários aplicados a interagentes de teletandem. A perspectiva metodológica do trabalho está ancorada na teoria fundamentada (Charmaz, 2009), baseada na coleta sistemática de dados que, após análise, possibilitam construir uma representação interpretativa dos fenômenos estudados. As discussões aqui empreendidas poderão subsidiar mediadores e interagentes que atuam nesse ambiente de ensino e aprendizagem de línguas, no sentido de que possam direcionar e potencializar o processo a partir das análises comparativas entre essas duas línguas.
Las relaciones anafóricas de los sujetos nulos y explícitos del español y del portugués brasileño: la proximidad tipológica... funciona
Authors: Liceras Juana , Cardenuto Ariane Dei Tos
Published: July 2020

Según The Position of Antecedent Hypothesis – PAH, propuesta por Carminati (2002), en las lenguas de sujeto nulo, la selección de antecedente por parte del sujeto nulo o del sujeto explícito de una subordinada difiere en función de la posición estructural que dicho antecedente ocupe en la oración principal. A partir de esta hipótesis, hicimos un estudio empírico dirigido a constatar si se cumple de forma similar en el español y en el portugués brasileño (PB). La comparación de estas dos lenguas es de especial interés porque los cambios que sufrió el sistema pronominal del PB en las últimas décadas llevaron a la propuesta de que el PB actual no es una lengua de sujeto nulo clásica. Los resultados de una prueba de comprensión y una prueba de producción que les fueron administradas a un grupo de hablantes de español y a otro de hablantes de PB muestran patrones similares con respecto a la PAH, lo cual nos lleva a concluir que las diferencias del sistema pronominal no parece que tengan consecuencias para la resolución anafórica de la ambigüedad.
Possibilidades e (in)viabilidades do espanhol na educação básica: as leis da metade
Authors: Carvalho Fernanda Peçanha
Published: July 2020

Problematizamos neste artigo dois conjuntos de discursividades: os sistemas de enunciabilidade tanto da possibilidade quanto da (in)viabilidade do ensino-aprendizado de espanhol. Nosso corpus está constituído pela textualidade da Lei nº 11.161/2005,  Resolução nº 2.742/2015, Lei nº 13.415/2017 e por dizeres de professores de espanhol. Sob o paradigma discursivo-psicanalítico, a partir do viés interpretativista, acionamos a vertente francesa da Análise do Discurso com atravessamento da psicanálise e em diálogo com as Ciências Sociais (Pêcheux, 2008; Foucault, 2003, 2013). Desse modo, depreendemos os efeitos de sentido das discursividades das leis e as representações dos dizeres dos sujeitos-professores acerca desses dispositivos. Concluímos que a enunciabilidade da possibilidade ressignificou os conflitos decorrentes do processo de textualização da Lei do Espanhol. E que os dizeres da (in)viabilidade agravam assimetrias, reproduzem e legitimam desigualdades sociais, reduzindo as perspectivas de uma educação linguística plural nas escolas brasileiras.
Duvidar, Hesitar, Fracassar: anotações sobre ação e suspensão em Nocturno de Chile, de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Primon Henrique Barbosa
Published: July 2020

Este ensaio parte da presença da dúvida na fundação de tradições escritas, apontada em mitos e filosofias ancestrais da civilização ocidental, para então observar sua constância no romance Nocturno de Chile (2000), de Roberto Bolaño, enquanto motivo essencial da vida de seu narrador-personagem, o padre Urrutia/Ibacache. Suas ações e rememorações, movidas pela angústia da incerteza, mostram-se, a todo momento, suspensas e paralisadas pela tensão desestabilizante da insegurança. A dúvida que imanta o personagem irradia em todo o relato e, por si própria, é o núcleo gerador da hesitação e do fracasso, outros aspectos que suspendem a narrativa do padre Urrutia. Este ensaio almeja ainda apontar a hipótese da dúvida como topos relevante da literatura contemporânea, sugerindo uma atenção para seu estatuto de temática fundadora do homem moderno.
2000’Lİ YILLAR TÜRKİYESİNDE MERKEZ- YEREL İLİŞKİLERİNİN GELİŞİMİ
Authors: GÜLER Tahsin
Published: June 2020

Türkiye’de kamu yönetimi, merkezden yönetim ve
yerinden yönetim ilkesine göre yapılanmıştır. Bu iki ilke birbirini tamamlayarak
kamu yönetiminin bütünlüğünü sağlamaktadır. Diğer taraftan merkezi idarenin
yerel yönetimler üzerinde; yerel hizmetlerin idarenin bütünlüğü ilkesine uygun
şekilde yürütülmesi, kamu görevlerinde birliğin sağlanması, toplum yararının
korunması ve mahalli ihtiyaçların gereği gibi karşılanması amacını gözetmek bakımından
idari vesayet yetkisine sahip olduğu bilinmektedir.

2000’li yıllardan
itibaren kamu yönetiminde yoğun bir değişim ve dönüşümün yaşandığı Türkiye’de,  merkezi yönetim- yerel yönetim ilişkileri
reform gündeminde önemli bir yer tutmuştur. Bu süreç demokrasi ve insan hakları
reformlarının etkisiyle önemli bir desantralizasyon sürecini yaşayarak, yerelin
yükselişine tanık olunan bir mecrada şekillenirken son yıllarda, bazı
belediyelere mülki idare amirlerinin kayyum olarak atanması gibi uygulamalarda görüldüğü
üzere merkezi yönetimin yerel yönetimlerle ilişkilerinde yeniden ağırlığını
arttırdığı bir döneme girilmiştir. Diğer taraftan 2018 yılında Türkiye’nin
yönetim sisteminin başkanlık sistemi referanslı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Hükümet
Sistemi olarak değişmesi merkezi yönetim- yerel yönetim ilişkilerinde de
değişimi kaçınılmaz kılacaktır. 

Çalışmanın önemi, bu
değişim sürecinin; mülki idare sisteminin yereldeki en önemli temsilcisi olan vali
ile yerel yönetimlerin en önemli aktörü olan belediye başkanının pozisyonlarına
ve birbirleriyle ilişkilerine nasıl yansıdığını ortaya koymak ve gelinen
noktayı değerlendirmek olacaktır. Deskriptif ve yorumlayıcı bir yöntemin izlendiği
çalışmada sürecin mülki idarenin güç kazanacağı bir tarzda gelişeceğini
gösteren bulgulara ulaşılmaktadır.
Sources of intraspecific morphological variation in Vipera seoanei: allometry, sex, and colour phenotype
Authors: Lucchini Nahla , Kaliontzopoulou Antigoni , Val Guillermo Aguado , Martínez-Freiría Fernando
Published: June 2020

Snakes frequently exhibit ontogenetic and sexual variation in head dimensions, as well as the occurrence of distinct colour morphotypes which might be fitness-related. In this study, we used linear biometry and geometric morphometrics to investigate intraspecific morphological variation related to allometry and sexual dimorphism in Vipera seoanei, a species that exhibits five colour morphotypes, potentially subjected to distinct ecological pressures. We measured body size (SVL), tail length and head dimensions in 391 specimens, and examined variation in biometric traits with respect to allometry, sex and colour morph. In addition, we analysed head shape variation by recording the position of 29 landmarks in 123 specimens and establishing a low-error protocol for implementing geometric morphometrics to European vipers. All head dimensions exhibited significant allometry, while sexual differences occurred for SVL, relative tail length and snout height. After considering size effects, we found significant differences in body proportions between the sexes and across colour morphs, which suggests an important influence of lowland and montane habitats in shaping morphological variation. By contrast, head shape did not exhibit significant variation across sexes or colour morphs. Instead it was mainly associated to allometric variation, where the supraocular and the rear regions of the head were the areas that varied the most throughout growth and across individuals. Overall, this study provides a thorough description of morphological variability in Vipera seoanei and highlights the relevance of combining different tools (i.e. linear and geometric morphometrics) and analyses to evaluate the relative contribution of different factors in shaping intraspecific variation.
Murābaḥah Penalty Clause is Ribā in Disguise! The Penalty Clause Questions the Deep-rooted Preference for Literal Interpretation over Substantial Interpretation of Ribā
Authors: Ismail Faiza
Published: July 2020

Following the literal interpretation of ribā, jurists have agreed that muḍārabah and mušārakah are legitimate modes of financing. As both arrangements are highly risky to manage in practice, murābaḥah has been introduced as an alternate mode of financing. Despite its extraordinary success, murābaḥah has led to moral hazard in the form of frequent delays in payments and defaults for which Islamic scholars have introduced a penalty clause as discouragement. Examination of the murābaḥah penalty clause instrument suggests that it is ribā, prohibited when interpreted literally. Moreover, the penalty clause has never been enforced in Pakistani courts. This article suggests that the literal interpretation based on the objectives of Sharīʿah (substantial interpretation) will prevent loopholes such as the abuse of the murābaḥah instrument and consequently the penalty clause as well and will lead to substantial compliance with the principles of Islamic finance.
Configuring Ghana’s Diaspora
Authors: Royston Reginold A.
Published: July 2020

Digital media, diaspora and deterritorialisation have provided important ways to think about contemporary global flows and social ties. Digital diasporas as a unit of study have become especially relevant for social scientists, particularly anthropologists: In this paper, the author argues that digital diasporas represent both online communities and the ICT practices of those living abroad, which seemingly actualise the potential inherent in Castell’s notion of the Network Society. Examining the material and social dimensions of these ties, however, this paper moves to critique the notion of networks as stabilised representations of diaspora/homeland connections. Drawing from the author’s ethnographic research with tech professionals in Ghana, and with diaspora-based social media users in the U.S. and the Netherlands, the analysis posits that the asymmetry of Africa’s sociotechnical infrastructures is central to understanding the enduring disjunctive nature of these flows. Through interviews and analysis, the author illustrates how these sociotechnical systems configure Ghana’s global cyberculture.
Evaluating the Scientific Uses of Animals: A Virtue-Consequentialist Approach for Harm/Benefit Analyses
Authors: Pollo Simone , Vitale Augusto
Published: July 2020

The topic of this contribution is the moral justification of the use of non-human animals in scientific research. First, we will discuss the position of leading antispeciesist approaches of animal ethics, arguing that a radical position is not tenable and justification of some animal use in research can be given based on the importance of science for human civilization. Such use must be justified case by case. Therefore, the harm-benefit analysis will be introduced, as an example of a case-by-case scenario. We will describe the challenge encountered by the evaluators of project proposals, and possible ways of considering harms and benefits in basic, translational and regulatory research, minimizing harms and possible future scenarios. Our approach can be regarded as a virtue consequentialist view of the ethics of human/animal relationships in scientific use, where the development of a morally appreciable character is a key topic for the education of scientists.
Lintersemina (Rubiaceae: Condamineeae), a new and enigmatic genus from the Magdalena Medio Region of Colombia

Authors: MENDOZA-CIFUENTES HUMBERTO , CELIS ANGELA , TOVAR EDUARDO , GONZÁLEZ MAILYN A.
Published: July 2020

A new genus, Lintersemina (Condamineeae, Rubiaceae), with a single species, L. chucuriensis is here described, based on recent collections made during a biological exploration to the Magdalena Medio Region of Santander Department, central portion of Colombia. This region is of high interest for both the high endemicity of its flora and fauna and the critical conservation status of this biodiversity due to high levels of deforestation. Lintersemina is unique within the tribe Condamineeae for the following combination of characters: axillary, long-pedunculate inflorescences, loculicidal capsules with 1-2 seeds per locule, and large navicular seeds. Based on phylogenies obtained using plastid and nuclear sequence data, the genus is positioned in the Condamineeae (subfamily Ixoroideae), as a sister group to the genera Simira and Parachimarrhis. This new genus is only known from two localities at the foothills of the Yariguíes National Park, in the municipalities of El Carmen de Chucurí and Zapatoca, at 400–800 m elevation, in forest undercanopy, near streams. Threats of deforestation and a very low population density were assessed, and this species classified as Critically Endangered (CR) following IUCN criteria. Full description and illustrations are also included.
A new species and two new records of Amanita (Amanitaceae; Basidiomycota) from South Korea

Authors: JO JONG WON , KWAG YOUNG-NAM , KIM HYUNG SO , LEE HYUN , HAN SANG-KUK , HAN JAE-GU , OH SEUNG HWAN , KIM CHANG SUN
Published: July 2020

A new species of Amanita sect. Roanokenses, A. brunneofolia, from South Korea, is described based on morphological and molecular evidences. The species is characterized by medium- to large-sized basidiomata, a greenish white pileus covered with brownish, floccose pyramidal volval remnants, an appendiculate margin, reddish brown lamellae, a long radicating stipe, and ellipsoid to elongate amyloid basidiospores. Based on both nrLSU and combined dataset (nrLSU, rpb2 and tef1-α), A. brunneofolia formed a monophyletic clade and clearly separated from other Amanita species. In addition, we describe two other Amanita species in A. sect. Roanokenses, namely, A. caojizong and A. sphaerobulbosa. This is the first report of these species for South Korea.
Lectotypification of six names of species of Scabiosa s.l. (Caprifoliaceae) endemic to North Africa and related taxonomic notes

Authors: BARONE GIULIO , EL MOKNI RIDHA , DI GRISTINA EMILIO , DOMINA GIANNIANTONIO
Published: July 2020

As part of an ongoing project for the investigation of the Algerian-Tunisian flora, six names of species of Caprifoliaceae subfam. Dipsacaceae, endemic to central and western North Africa, described in the 19th and 20th Centuries under the genus Scabiosa, are here lectotypified. They are: Scabiosa camelorum Cosson & Durieu, Scabiosa cartenniana Pons & Quézel, Scabiosa daucoides Desf., Scabiosa farinosa Cosson, Scabiosa parielii Maire, and Scabiosa robertii Barratte. Taxonomic notes, distributisson and new unpublished data about plant phenology of these taxa are given.
Kalanchoe ×hankeyi [= K. longiflora × K. sexangularis] (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae), a new nothospecies from South Africa

Authors: SMITH GIDEON F.
Published: July 2020

In southern Africa, two species of Kalanchoe Adanson (1763: 248), K. longiflora Schlechter ex Wood (1903: plate 320) (Figure 1A) and K. sexangularis Brown (1913: 120) (Figure 1B), are extensively grown as groundcovers or accent plants. Both species thrive in open beds as well as in containers and have gained horticultural prominence, especially as result of their ability to flourish on little irrigation during times of drought. Kalanchoe sexangularis has bright red leaves when grown in exposed positions, while in similar positions K. longiflora has orange-infused, turquoise-coloured leaves. Vegetatively both species are of low to medium growth with plants reaching a height of about 0.5 m. When flowering maturity approaches, the central axis elongates significantly into flat-topped, thyrsoid inflorescences that overtop the pseudo-rosettes. The flowers of both K. longiflora (Smith & Figueiredo 2017) and K. sexangularis (Figueiredo et al. 2016) have bright yellowish green corolla tubes and golden yellow corolla lobes.