bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital systemic venous return anomalies to the right atrium review
Authors: Oliveira João Diogo , Martins Isa
Published: December 2019

Congenital anomalies of the systemic venous return to the right atrium are rare and stem from variations in the embryogenesis of the venous system. They are usually asymptomatic, and such the major clinical significance of their recognition is to prevent misdiagnosis, in addition to some having technical implications on invasive procedures.

Typically, the venous blood from the upper half of the body is carried by the right-sided, superior vena cava (SVC), and some common congenital abnormalities found are persistent left SVC, SVC duplication, anomalous drainage of the brachiocephalic veins, or interruption of the SVC. The venous blood from the lower body is carried by the right-sided, inferior vena cava (IVC), and some common congenital abnormalities found are left-sided IVC, IVC duplication, the absence of IVC (total or just the infrarenal segment), and azygos continuation of the IVC. The azygos system of veins, running up the side of the thoracic vertebral column, connects both systems and can provide an alternative path to the right atrium when either of thevenae cavaeis absent. Other associated azygos-hemiazygos system anomalies are the azygos lobe and variable configuration of the azygos and hemiazygos veins.

Such anomalies are reviewed with particular respect to their embryology and imagiological presentation, as knowledge of the normal anatomy and the most common congenital anomalies of the systemic venous return by a radiologist is important, being incidentally found.
Amniotic fluid stem cells ameliorate cisplatin-induced acute renal failure through induction of autophagy and inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Minocha Ekta , Sinha Rohit Anthony , Jain Manali , Chaturvedi Chandra Prakash , Nityanand Soniya
Published: December 2019

Background

We have recently demonstrated that amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSC) express renal progenitor markers and can be differentiated in vitro into renal lineage cell types, viz, juxtaglomerular and renal proximal tubular epithelial-like cells. Here, we have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of AFSC in a cisplatin-induced rat model of acute renal failure (ARF) and investigated the underlying mechanisms responsible for their renoprotective effects.

Methods

ARF was induced in Wistar rats by intra-peritoneal injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg). Five days after cisplatin injection, rats were randomized into two groups and injected with either AFSC or normal saline intravenously. On days 8 and 12 after cisplatin injection, the blood biochemical parameters, histopathological changes, apoptosis and expression of pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and autophagy-related proteins in renal tissues were studied in both groups of rats. To further confirm whether the protective effects of AFSC on cisplatin-induced apoptosis were dependent on autophagy, chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, was administered by the intra-peritoneal route.

Results

Administration of AFSC in ARF rats resulted in improvement of renal function and attenuation of renal damage as reflected by significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine levels, tubular cell apoptosis as assessed by Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins, viz, PUMA, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-9, as compared to the saline-treated group. Furthermore, in the AFSC-treated group as compared to the saline-treated group, there was a significant increase in the activation of autophagy as evident by increased expression of LC3-II, ATG5, ATG7, Beclin1, and phospho-AMPK levels with a concomitant decrease in phospho-p70S6K and p62 expression levels. Chloroquine administration led to significant reduction in the anti-apoptotic effects of the AFSC therapy and further deterioration in the renal structure and function caused by cisplatin.

Conclusion

AFSC led to amelioration of cisplatin-induced ARF which was mediated by inhibition of apoptosis and activation of autophagy. The protective effects of AFSC were blunted by chloroquine, an inhibitor of autophagy, highlighting that activation of autophagy is an important mechanism of action for the protective role of AFSC in cisplatin-induced renal injury.
Correction to: Serum sodium and intracranial pressure changes after desmopressin therapy in severe traumatic brain injury patients: a multi-centre cohort study
Authors:   The TBI Collaborative, Harrois A. , Anstey J. R. , Taccone F. S. , Udy A. A. , Citerio G. , Duranteau J. , Ichai C. , Badenes R. , Prowle J. R. , Ercole A. , Oddo M. , Schneider A. , van der Jagt M. , Wolf S. , Helbok R. , Nelson D. W. , Skrifvars M. B. , Cooper D. J. , Bellomo R.
Published: December 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], we were notified that the collaborators’ names part of the “The TBI Collaborative” group has not been indexed in Pubmed. Below the collaborators names full list:
First identification and characterisation of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in pigs in Hong Kong
Authors: Lugsomya Kittitat , Zeeh Friederike , La Tom , Phillips Nyree , Hampson David J.
Published: December 2019

Swine dysentery (SD) is an important endemic disease of pigs throughout the world. The most common aetiological agent is the anaerobic intestinal spirochaeteBrachyspira hyodysenteriae.The related spirochaeteBrachyspira pilosicolicauses a milder form of colitis. We report the first isolation ofB. hyodysenteriaeandB. pilosicolifrom a pig farm in Hong Kong. Faecal samples containing mucus or fresh blood were collected from the ground where finisher pigs had just been loaded into a truck for transport to the abattoir. The samples were subjected to selective anaerobic culture and PCR forB. hyodysenteriaeandB. pilosicoli, and two isolates of both species were obtained. TheB. hyodysenteriaeisolates showed clinical resistance to tylosin and lincomycin, whilst theB. pilosicoliisolates were resistant to tylosin and showed intermediate susceptibility to lincomycin. TheB. hyodysenteriaeisolates were subjected to multilocus sequence typing and a single previously undescribed sequence type (ST250) was identified. Disease was not recorded in other pigs on the farm, but it may have been masked by the use of antimicrobials. Further work is required to examine the distribution of these two pathogens in this and other farms in Hong Kong and in adjoining mainland China.
Validation of the Spanish version of the MD Anderson symptom inventory – heart failure (MDASI-HF-Spanish) module
Authors: Fadol Anecita , Buitrago Joaquin , Diaz Maria C. , Shelton Valerie , Harty Carolyn , Mendoza Tito R.
Published: December 2019

Background

The lack of a validated symptom assessment instrument in Spanish for patients with cancer and heart failure (HF) can affect the care and impede the recruitment and participation of Spanish-speaking patients in clinical trials. Spanish is the second most common language spoken by the largest and most rapidly growing racial/ethnic minority group in the United States. To bridge the language barrier and improve symptom management in Spanish-speaking patients with cancer and HF, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory-Heart Failure (MDASI-HF) was translated to Spanish (MDASI-HF- Spanish).

Aim

To validate the MDASI-HF-Spanish symptom assessment instrument.

Methods

Following standard forward and backward translation of the original and previously validated English version of the MDASI-HF, a cognitive debriefing with nine native Spanish speaking participants was conducted to evaluate the participants’ understanding and comprehension of the MDASI-HF-Spanish. To examine the comprehensibility, acceptability and psychometric properties of the translated instrument, the MDASI-HF-Spanish was tested in a convenience sample of 50 Spanish speaking patients with a diagnosis of cancer and HF. Evidence for the psychometric validity of the MDASI-HF-Spanish was demonstrated via its internal consistency reliability and known-group validity.

Results

Overall, the participants had no problems with the understandability, readability, or number of questions asked. The MDASI-HF-Spanish subscales showed good internal consistency reliability, with a Cronbach’s coefficient alpha of 0.94 (13 core cancer symptoms), 0.92 (8 heart failure symptoms), and 0.90 (6 interference items) respectively. The MDASI-HF-Spanish was able to differentiate the functional status between patients based on the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification.

Conclusions

The MDASI-HF-Spanish is linguistically and psychometrically valid with ease of completion, relevance, and comprehensibility among the participants, and it can be a useful tool for clinical management and research purposes.
Spatiotemporal variability of fire characteristics affect animal responses in pyric landscapes
Authors: Cohen Bradley S. , Prebyl Thomas J. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J.
Published: December 2019

Background

Behavioral responses are the most immediate ways animals interact with their environment, and are primary mechanisms by which individuals mitigate mortality risk while ensuring reproductive success. In disturbance-driven landscapes, animals must adjust behaviors both spatially and temporally to maximize individual fitness. Prescribed fire is an important ecosystem driver in many coniferous forests, as fire cycles nutrients, creates spatially heterogeneous distributions in quantity and quality of forage and cover, and provides opportunities for fire-adapted taxa. Because fire immediately shifts resource distribution, and fire characteristics may drive behavioral responses to recent burns, we examined behavioral responses of 105 Global Positioning System (GPS)-tagged female eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestrisLinnaeus, 1758) to fire application at three sites in southeastern United States. We used satellite-derived imagery to calculate burn severity and burn heterogeneity. We also calculated distance to adjacent unburned stands and time-since-fire at GPS locations of each turkey while inside burned stands. We used behavioral change point analyses to estimate behavioral state for turkeys using burned areas, and generalized linear mixed models to estimate how fire characteristics affected turkey behavior inside burned areas.

Results

Turkeys focused their use in less severely burned areas, and were less likely to use the interior of burned areas. Turkeys were more likely to forage and rest in less severely burned areas, suggesting that managers should apply prescribed fire frequently enough to promote low-severity burns. We found that, as distance to neighboring unburned areas increased, turkeys were more likely to walk through the interiors of recently burned areas, as opposed to resting or foraging in them, suggesting that the interiors of some burn units are less suitable habitat in the year that prescribed fire is applied. Our findings suggest that prescribed fire applied to ensure that interior areas of burned stands are <250 m from adjacent unburned stands or to stands shaped to maximize edge-to-area ratios likely create more suitable conditions for foraging and resting.

Conclusions

The application and spatial arrangement of prescribed fire, even in frequently burned areas, affect animal response and behaviors. Prescribed fire regimes should be created in recognition that sizes of burned stands and fire severity, along with determinants of fire severity (e.g.,fuel loads, return intervals, timing), are important influences on animal behavior in frequent-fire-managed landscapes.
Antitumor effect of TW-37, a BH3 mimetic in human oral cancer
Authors: Ahn Chi-Hyun , Lee Won Woo , Jung Yun Chan , Shin Ji-Ae , Hong Kyoung-Ok , Choi Sujung , Swarup Neeti , Kim Jihoon , Ahn Min-Hye , Jung Minjung , Cho Sung-Dae , Jin Bohwan
Published: December 2019

TW-37 is a small molecule B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) homology 3 mimetic with potential anticancer activities. However, the in vivo anti-cancer effect of TW-37 in human oral cancer has not been properly studied yet. Here, we attempted to confirm antitumor activity of TW37 in human oral cancer. TW-37 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and increased the number of dead cells in MC-3 and HSC-3 human oral cancer cell lines. TW-37 enhanced apoptosis of both cell lines evidenced by annexin V/propidium iodide double staining, sub-G1population analysis and the detection of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase-3. In addition, TW-37 markedly downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 protein, while not affecting Bcl-xL or myeloid cell leukemia-1. In vivo, TW-37 inhibited tumor growth in a nude mice xenograft model without any significant liver and kidney toxicities. Collectively, these data reveal that TW-37 may be a promising small molecule to inhibit human oral cancer.
Coronary artery bypass surgery in type 2 diabetic patients: predictors of mortality and morbidity
Authors: Moutakiallah Younes , Boulahya Abdelatif , Seghrouchni Aniss , Mounir Reda , Atmani Noureddine , Drissi Mohammed , Hatim El Ghadbane Abdedaim , Lakhal Zouhair , Asfalou Iliyasse , El Bekkali Youssef , Abouqal Redouane , Aithoussa Mahdi
Published: December 2019

Background

Coronary artery bypass grafting has been widely admitted in the therapeutic arsenal of coronary artery disease in diabetics with low morbi-mortality. However, it requires special management which may be challenging in low-volume centers especially in African countries. We aimed to analyze the outcome of coronary artery bypass graft in our diabetic population and define predictors of adverse events.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively enrolled 529 consecutive diabetic patients (type 2) who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting at our institution between January 2000 and June 2018. The mean age was 61.1 ± 8.3 years with 4.04 as sex ratio (M/F) and 2.95 as mean EuroSCORE II. History of acute myocardial infarction, left main coronary artery stenosis, and three-vessel disease was present in respectively 58%, 26.1%, and 72.2% of patients. The average number of bypass was 2.4 ± 0.8. Duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamping were respectively 124.8 ± 43.5 and 79.7 ± 32.9 min.

Results

In-hospital mortality was 5.9% (n = 31) and the late mortality was 6.9% (n = 32). Duration of artificial ventilation, ICU stay, and postoperative stay were respectively 7 h, 44 h, and 13 days. Postoperative complications were myocardial infarction, superficial wound infection, mediastinitis, and low cardiac output syndrome in respectively 9.1%, 25.5%, 3.8%, and 12.7% of patients. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% (OR = 1.88; 95% CI 1.30–2.47; p = 0.03), poor perioperative glycemic control (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.12–2.38; p = 0.014), intra-aortic balloon pump insertion (OR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.47–3.10; p < 0.001), and postoperative cardiac complications (OR = 2.01; 95% CI 1.23–2.78; p < 0.001) were predictors of in-hospital mortality. Predictors of mediastinitis were obesity (OR = 5.86; 95% CI 1.43–23.95; p = 0.014), inotropic drugs use (OR = 8.14; 95% CI 1.57–42.34; p = 0.013), chest reopening for bleeding (OR = 4.01; 95% CI 0.62–25.85; p = 0.014), and blood transfusion (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 1.09–52.76; p = 0.041). Follow-up was 86.1% complete, with a mean follow-up of 63.5 ± 48.3 months (1–192 months), and cumulative survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was respectively 95.5 ± 1.1%, 86.3 ± 2.9%, and 76.9 ± 6.9%.

Conclusion

Even in low-volume centers in developing areas, coronary artery bypass surgery is an effective therapy for coronary artery disease in diabetic patients despite a relative high morbidity and mortality.
A New Chapter in the Story of Trauma: Narratives of Bodily Healing from 1860s America
Authors: Goldberg Shari
Published: December 2019

Scholars tracing the genealogy of trauma generally place its emergence in the 1870s, when the condition began to be conceptualized as mental rather than physical injury, treatable through psychological measures. This essay locates a complicating earlier engagement. Oliver Wendell Holmes’s The Guardian Angel (1867), Louisa May Alcott’s Hospital Sketches (1863), and Walt Whitman’s war entries in Specimen Days (from 1863) represent mental breakdown but propose a radically different therapy: the mind may be healed by acquiescing to the body’s physiological functions. This therapy is recommended in the course of narratives that are insistently conclusive, without the fragmentation usually assumed to distinguish representations of trauma. Thus, this essay challenges the premise that narratives of trauma formally resemble the condition’s broken mind, instead imagining how such texts may be analogized to the organic body.
The Politics of Pure Means
Authors: Gentili Dario
Published: December 2019

This article is focused on the analysis of paragraphs 10 and 11 of Walter Benjamin's “Toward the Critique of Violence.” The article focuses on two sets of fundamental claims: those addressing the function of the police within the legal order of the state and those addressing what Benjamin calls the “politics of pure means.” Benjamin considers both the police and the politics of pure means as belonging to “the realm of means,” but they represent two alternative configurations of politics. The police state exemplifies the art of government when “the state of emergency is the rule,” that is, when the constantly reproduced fear of violence performs a disciplinary function. By contrast, the politics of pure means names the possibility of a politicization of human beings living together on the basis of subjective dispositions other than fear (which traditionally was thought to justify the creation of the legal order of the state).
“. . . and will do none”
Authors: François Anne-Lise
Published: December 2019

This article offers a partial commentary on the figures of parenthetical or bracketed power in paragraphs 12 and 13 of Walter Benjamin's “Toward the Critique of Violence.” Performing its own bracketing of the central question of the general strike, it focuses instead on Benjamin's interest in these paragraphs in the technique of open-ended discussion on a case-by-case basis. Technique, so understood, assumes, without necessarily exercising, the power to lie and be lied to.
Niobe and Korah, Different Orders of Time
Authors: Deuber-Mankowsky Astrid
Published: December 2019

Walter Benjamin's critique of violence assumes that violence is deeply intertwined with the division of time and space. Niobe serves as an example that allows Benjamin to give an account of the violent conditions of the order of time that is constituted under the rule of law. The example of Korah helps to illustrate the difference between divine violence and legal violence and to underscore the centrality of time's passage for the moral world. Unlike in the example of Niobe, whose children are condemned to death as punishment for her guilt, the children of Korah receive a new life and do not have to make amends for the guilt of their parents. Bearing in mind Niobe's guilt and her serving as “a stone marking the border (Grenze) between human beings and gods,” and given that Korah's children are spared after Moses has received the commandments, we can think of the boundless destruction of boundaries as opening a new historical order of time and the hope for an overcoming of the anthropocentric logic according to which the positing of law is the positing of power.
“Leben und Gewalt” or “Gewalt und Leben”
Authors: Bojanić Petar , Ðjordević Edward
Published: December 2019

In paragraph 18 of “Toward the Critique of Violence,” the terms life, living, and violence, and the relations among them, complicate Walter Benjamin's justification of divine violence—his text's main discovery. This article seeks to reconstruct Benjamin's uses of life and living in earlier texts and to consider the potential influence of various authors he was reading at the time (Heinrich Rickert, Erich Unger, Kurt Hiller, Gershom Scholem). Benjamin's distinction between life and living is crucial for his critique of pacifism and for his shift in perspective: he moves the focus from the victim to the one committing murder, but whose violent act just might bring justice.
A toolbox of stable integration vectors in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Vještica Aleksandar , Marek Magdalena , Nkosi Pedro Junior , Merlini Laura , Liu Gaowen , Bérard Melvin , Billault-Chaumartin Ingrid , Martin Sophie G.
Published: December 2019

Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a widely used model organism to study many aspects of eukaryotic cell physiology. Its popularity as an experimental system partially stems from the ease of genetic manipulations, where the innate homology-targeted repair is exploited to precisely edit the genome. While vectors to incorporate exogenous sequences into the chromosomes are available, most are poorly characterized. Here, we show that commonly used fission yeast vectors, which upon integration produce repetitive genomic regions, give rise to unstable genomic loci. We overcome this problem by designing a new series of stable integration vectors (SIVs) that target four different prototrophy genes. SIVs produce non-repetitive, stable genomic loci and integrate predominantly as single copy. Additionally, we develop a set of complementary auxotrophic alleles that preclude false-positive integration events. We expand the vector series to include antibiotic resistance markers, promoters, fluorescent tags and terminators, and build a highly modular toolbox to introduce heterologous sequences. Finally, as proof of concept, we generate a large set of ready-to-use, fluorescent probes to mark organelles and cellular processes with a wide range of applications in fission yeast research.

This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Molecular Renovation Strategy for Expeditious Synthesis of Molecular Probes
Authors: Niwa Takashi , Hosoya Takamitsu
Published: December 2019

Molecular probes are useful chemical tools that are widely applied in life science research, including in molecular biology and drug discovery. However, the preparation of molecular probes often requires considerable time and effort even if the synthesis is conducted by well-trained organic chemists. This is mostly due to the complex structure of the target molecules or their precursors, which typically contain sensitive functional moieties. Furthermore, the synthetic route to probes must frequently be modified from that of the original compounds because the functional moiety of the probe should be preferably introduced into the molecule at a late stage of the synthesis. To address these issues, we propose a new concept that we named a “molecular renovation strategy” that can expedite the synthesis of molecular probes. This approach involves direct transformation of the original bioactive compounds to the probe precursors, followed by the introduction of a functional moiety. This account describes our recent efforts to realize this concept, particularly made for expeditious preparation of imaging probes for positron emission tomography (PET) via transition metal-catalyzed borylation reactions via cleavage of stable chemical bonds and transition metal-mediated deborylative radiolabeling reactions with PET nuclides.
Tax Compliance and Enforcement
Authors: Slemrod Joel
Published: December 2019

This paper reviews recent economic research in tax compliance and enforcement. After briefly laying out the economics of tax evasion, it focuses on recent empirical contributions. It first discusses what methodologies and data have facilitated these contributions, and then presents critical summaries of what has been learned. It discusses a promising new development—the analysis of randomized controlled trials mostly delivered via letters from the tax authority—and then reviews recent research using various methods about the impact of the principal enforcement tax policy instruments: audits, information reporting, and remittance regimes. I also explore several understudied issues worthy of more research attention. The paper closes by outlining a normative framework based on the behavioral response elasticities now being credibly estimated that allow one to assess whether a given enforcement intervention is worth doing. (JEL H26, H30)
A Review Essay: David Kynaston’s Till Time’s Last Sand: A History of the Bank of England, 1694–2013
Authors: Bean Charles R.
Published: December 2019

This essay reviews Till Time’s Last Sand: A History of the Bank of England, 1694–2013, David Kynaston’s history of the Bank of England (the Bank) from its foundation in 1694 to the present day. I focus on three themes running through his narrative. First, for much of that time, the Bank was a private company playing a public role; how did it manage to do this and why was it eventually brought into public ownership? Second, I examine the various attempts to constrain the Bank’s monetary policy to follow a simple rule; these almost invariably proved unsustainable unless the rule provided enough room for discretion. Finally, I cover the Bank’s journey to becoming the lender of last resort, together with its evolving attitude to the associated risk of moral hazard. ( JEL E52, E58, N13, N14, N23, N24)
Analysis of risk measures in multiobjective optimization portfolios with cardinality constraint
Authors: Cardoso Rodrigo T.N. , Barroso Bruno Cândido , De Oliveira Mariana dos Santos , Paiva Felipe Dias
Published: December 2019

Portfolio selection has been the subject of extensive studies in order to obtain increased returns, minimizing the investment risk. However, the most appropriate risk measure to be considered is still an open problem. The aim of this work is to study different risk measures in the multiobjective portfolios optimization with cardinality constraint and rebalancing. The in-sample analysis compares the fronts of each algorithm, metric and range of cardinality, and out-of-sample analysis compares the results of each measure of risk with each other and with two benchmarks. The returns of portfolios are compared in terms of assets choice and assignment of weights. Statistical tests are performed to verify if any measure of risk shows some superiority. Results indicate that downside risk measures can reduce the cardinality and the risk of financial drawdown without reducing drawup, once they are able to reduce just the negative historical returns scenarios.
Virginia Gordon: Pioneering the Concept of Scholar-Practitioner in Academic Advising Through Her Own Scholarship and Practice
Authors: Nguyen Tammy , Grites Thomas J. , Aiken-Wisniewski Sharon A.
Published: December 2019

Virginia Gordon has had a significant influence on academic advising. Her scholarly work, along with that of other scholars in the field, shows how much she was respected and valued. In this article, we review her scholarly work to highlight some of her great research. Additionally, we incorporate personal narratives from those who knew her best, her closest colleagues.
Paperlite: piloting a new way of working in community nursing
Authors: Uprichard Kate
Published: December 2019

Technology within healthcare is a growing industry, and health professionals now use technology within their everyday working life. Within hospitals, it is the norm to see staff using handheld devices to record clinical observations and patient notes being typed into an electronic system. However, the use of technology within community settings is far behind that of hospital counterparts. It has been acknowledged that the use of technology in healthcare will improve efficiency and remove some of the bureaucracy within the NHS, and community areas are beginning to pilot different ways of implementing this. This article describes a pilot trial of using technology to aid mobile working in the author's trust and discusses how district nursing can embrace the use of paperlite culture to improve efficiency and record reliability.
Population health management and its relevance to community nurses
Authors: Duncan Monica
Published: December 2019

Local services can provide better and more joined-up care for patients when different organisations work collaboratively in an integrated system. Population health management (PHM) provides the shared data about local people's current and future health and wellbeing needs. Joint care planning and support addresses both the psychological and physical needs of an individual recognising the huge overlap between mental and physical wellbeing. Joint posts and joint organisational development are likely to become more commonplace and community nurses will have a vital contribution to planning and delivery of integrated care to improve health and care outcomes for their local populations.
Genetic risk assessment and haemoglobinopathy counselling: two case studies
Authors: Bennett-Day Sarah
Published: December 2019

Background

The author works as an antenatal and newborn (ANNB) screening coordinator in a hospital designated as an area of low prevalence for sickle cell and thalassaemia (SCT). As such, the opportunity for an ANNB coordinator to gain competency in prenatal counselling of individuals with SCT is limited.

Method

Two case studies are used to demonstrate social, cultural and ethical issues arising from counselling individuals with SCT.

Findings

Information regarding genetic risk and haemoglobinopathy status can be threatening for individuals and families, as well as transforming, depending on the context in which information is provided.
Coping with baby loss as a midwife
Authors: Abramson Paula
Published: December 2019

More midwives should have access to specialist bereavement training and support, according to Paula Abramson
Dealing with burnout
Authors: Winter George F
Published: December 2019

An ongoing problem for midwives, but how can it be best addressed?
TREINAMENTO RESISTIDO NA RETARDAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE SARCOPENIA EM IDOSOS
Authors: Jesus Ana Paula Silva de , Mota Paulo Henrique Brito , Silva Rita de Cássia Eliotério da , Almeida André Ricardo da Luz , Chagas Jocarla Conceição , Oliveira Rozangela Conceição , Cardoso Gustavo Marques Porto , Figueredo Wilton Nascimento
Published: December 2019

Introdução: Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde, a osteoporose tem se constituído um grave problema de saúde pública, acometendo pessoas idosas, principalmente mulheres, devido ao declínio natural das funções fisiológicas causado pelo envelhecimento. O método mais eficiente no tratamento e prevenção da osteoporose é a prática de atividades físicas. Objetivo: Analisar, a partir de literatura já publicada, os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a osteopenia e osteoporose em idosos. Materiais e Métodos: Através de uma revisão sistemática de literatura foi realizada uma pesquisa no banco de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BIREME) utilizando como descritores as palavras: osteoporose, treinamento de resistência e idosos. Foram selecionados apenas estudos originais e gratuitos que atendiam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Foram selecionados 4 artigos que utilizaram programas de treinamento para analisar seus efeitos em indivíduos portadores da osteoporose que relataram aumento da densidade mineral óssea em áreas específicas e na área óssea total, além de melhora no conteúdo mineral ósseo e alterações em determinados componentes sanguíneos. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento resistido mostrou-se um eficaz método na prevenção e tratamento da osteoporose, por aumentar o estímulo da liberação de substâncias na corrente sanguínea que irão auxiliar na formação óssea, melhorando sua força máxima e, consequentemente, a qualidade de vida. Sinaliza-se a necessidade de mais estudos relacionados ao efeito do treinamento resistido em homens com osteoporose, uma vez que os estudos são direcionados para mulheres na pós-menopausa, por serem mais acometidas pela patologia.
Irradiance plays a significant role in photobiomodulation of B16F10 melanoma cells by increasing reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial function
Authors: Chen Zeqing , Li Wenqi , Hu Xiaojian , Liu Muqing
Published: December 2019

Melanoma is a type of aggressive cancer. Recent studies have indicated that blue light has an inhibition effect on melanoma cells, but the effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) parameters on the treatment of melanoma remains unknown. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate B16F10 melanoma cells responses to PBM with varying irradiance and doses, and further explored the molecular mechanism of PBM. Our results suggested that the responses of B16F10 melanoma cells to PBM with varying irradiance and dose were different and the inhibition of blue light on cells under high irradiance was better than low irradiance at a constant total dose (0.04, 0.07, 0.15, 0.22, 0.30, 0.37, 0.45, 0.56 or 1.12 J/cm2), presumably due to that high irradiance can produce more ROS, thus disrupting mitochondrial function.
Vertically integrated photo junction-field-effect transistor pixels for retinal prosthesis
Authors: Damle Samir , Liu Yu-Hsin , Arya Shaurya , Oesch Nicholas W. , Lo Yu-Hwa
Published: December 2019

Optoelectronic retinal prostheses transduce light into electrical current for neural stimulation. We introduce a novel optoelectronic pixel architecture consisting of a vertically integrated photo junction-field-effect transistor (Photo-JFET) and neural stimulating electrode. Experimental measurements demonstrate that optically addressed Photo-JFET pixels utilize phototransistive gain to produce a broad range of neural stimulation current and can effectively stimulate retinal neurons in vitro. The compact nature of the Photo-JFET pixel can enable high resolution retinal prostheses with the smallest reported optoelectronic pixel size to help restore high visual acuity in patients with degenerative retinal diseases.
Humanized Embracement in Public Health Services in Brazil
Authors: Souza Paula Janaynne De , Matias Neto Wantuil , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite
Published: December 2019

User embracement humanization aims to enable interdisciplinary care considering the patient's reality. This literature review compiles the perspectives on humanized embracement in the Brazilian Unified Health System. We performed a BVS platform search on the keywords “attendance”, “humanization” and “primary health care”, filtering the results using the PRISMA protocol. It was obtained 8 articles regarding humanization in public health system care, highlighting its conditions and difficulties. It was concluded that humanized care practice is important as an improvement tool in the health system and that professionals need to adapt to the humanized model.        Keywords: User embracement; Humanization; Primary Health Care
Rocha contendo biotita como fonte alternativa de potássio para fertilizante após processamento térmico com aditivos
Authors: Pereira Antônio Clareti , Gomes Marta Rocha dos Santos , Rocha Sônia Denise Ferreira
Published: December 2019

A biotita é um filossilicato ferromagnesiano que contém potássio. Ela é muito abundante e dispersa em todas as regiões do mundo. Formada secundariamente nos processos metamórficos  constitui impureza em muitos processamentos minerais e descartada em bacias de estéreis ou de rejeito. É uma fonte alternativa de potássio para produção de fertilizante, porém, ainda sem exploração comercial em grande escala, para este propósito, por falta de tecnologia que torne o negócio viável economicamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito do processamento térmico, usando aditivos, na solubilização do potássio e impurezas em ácido mineral diluído, de rocha contendo biotita. Foi selecionada uma rocha da província mineral de Carajás–Pará – Brasil, com teor de 9,7% de K₂O e 70% de biotita. O processamento térmico foi executado em duas temperaturas, 800°C e 900°C, durante 6h, usando dois sistemas de misturas: (biotita+CaCO₃+MgCl2.6H2O) e (biotita+gesso+Na₂CO₃). A etapa de lixiviação ácida sulfúrica foi executada em pH mantido entre 2,0 e 3,0, temperatura de 85℃, durante 1h. As extrações, no sistema com cloreto de magnésio (800°C), chegaram a 63% do potássio e com solubilização máxima de 5% de Fe e Al. As extrações de potássio com gesso ficaram menores, 41%, mostrando tendência de melhor eficiência em temperaturas mais altas do que as escolhidas para este estudo, porém, com licor efluente da lixiviação isento de alumínio e 1,2% máximo de extração de ferro.
The Cloaked Intruder: An Unexpected Case of Eosinophilic Cholangitis
Authors: Akolkar Shalaka , Patel Jalpa , Abdu Backer , Sorser Serge
Published: December 2019

Often, when biliary strictures are evaluated, malignancy is high on the differential. However, it is important to consider benign and malignant causes because approximately 10% of biliary strictures are benign. Eosinophilic cholangitis is an extremely rare benign disorder of the biliary tract caused by fibrosis and stricture from eosinophilic infiltration. The etiology of the disease remains unclear, and often, patients present with obstructive jaundice. We present a young man who presented with obstructive jaundice and abdominal pain, with a biliary stricture and peripheral eosinophilia. The final surgical pathology revealed eosinophilic cholangitis.
Vertical Endoscopic Gastroplasty in a Patient With Situs Inversus Totalis
Authors: Neto Manoel dos Passos Galvao , Silva Marco , Gomes Sara , Grecco Eduardo , Ferreira de Souza Thiago , Gustavo de Quadros Luiz
Published: December 2019

Bariatric surgery in patients with any deviation from normal anatomy is a challenge and requires considerable experience on the part of the surgeon. Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital abnormality (1:5,000–1:20,000 live births), and any surgical procedure on these patients can be somewhat challenging. A 44-year-old woman with morbid obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, and SIT underwent vertical endoscopic gastroplasty. The procedure was performed in 56 minutes with no complications. Vertical endoscopic gastroplasty proved to be safe on this patient with SIT, with reproducible technical viability, a short procedure time, and no early onset complications. Prospective studies are needed to establish the actual safety and viability of the method in this group of patients.
Buspirone for the Management of Functional Dyspepsia With Rapid Gastric Emptying
Authors: Radetic Mark , Gabbard Scott
Published: December 2019

Functional dyspepsia is characterized by a constellation of upper gastrointestinal symptoms consisting of epigastric pain and burning, early satiety, and postprandial fullness—all in the absence of any explanatory organic gastrointestinal pathology. Treatment options for the condition are limited, in part, because of the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder. A subset of patients diagnosed with functional dyspepsia are subsequently found to have rapid gastric emptying on gastric emptying scintigraphy. The significance of this finding is unknown but provides a potential therapeutic target. This case report describes functional dyspepsia with rapid gastric emptying responsive to treatment with buspirone.
Measuring Diet Intake and Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Validation of the Food and Symptom Times Diary
Authors: Wright-McNaughton Morag , ten Bokkel Huinink Sebastiaan , Frampton Christopher M.A. , McCombie Andrew M. , Talley Nicholas J. , Skidmore Paula M.L. , Gearry Richard B.
Published: December 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) identify food as a trigger for the onset or worsening of gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite this, there is no published validated contemporaneous food and symptom diary to investigate the association between diet and IBS symptoms. The objective of this prospective observational study was to assess the construct validity of a novel food diary and symptom questionnaire, the Food and Symptom Times (FAST) diary, and the predictive validity of the food diary component with relation to fiber and fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols consumption and subsequent gastrointestinal symptoms.

METHODS:

Fifty-one participants with IBS completed the FAST diary and several legacy instruments. The relationship between the FAST gastroenterological symptoms and legacy instruments was examined using Spearman correlation coefficients. Further statistical analysis investigated the relationship between diet and postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms.

RESULTS:

Consistent with a priori predictions, the FAST symptoms showed moderate correlations with the most similar Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System gastrointestinal scales (0.328–0.483, P < 0.05) and the most similar Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questions (0.303–0.453, P < 0.05), with the exception of the weakly correlated subscale constipation for both instruments (−0.050 to −0.119, P > 0.05). The IBS-Quality of Life instrument showed moderate correlations with the FAST symptom abdominal swelling/distension (0.313–0.416, P < 0.05). The consumption of a high fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols meal was associated with participants with IBS-D experiencing abdominal bloating and participants with IBS-C not experiencing abdominal swelling (P < 0.05). The consumption of fiber was correlated with abdominal fullness and bloating in participants with IBS-C (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:

The FAST diary validly measures gastrointestinal symptoms as they occur in people with IBS and correlates these symptoms with specific aspects of diet.
Educación del cuerpo y biopolítica en el Uruguay posdictadura (1985- 1990)
Authors: Piriz Rodrigo , Vaz Alexandre
Published: December 2019

Este texto se enmarca en una investigación que se centra en el análisis a nivel discursivo de los cuatro programas curriculares de la Comisión Nacional de Educación Física (CNEF-Uruguay) del año 1988, siendo estos algunos de los documentos fundamentales de las políticas en Educación Física del primer quinquenio posdictatorial en Uruguay (1985- 1990). Se intenta describir las condiciones de posibilidad para el desarrollo de una forma de educación del cuerpo caracterizada por su cualidad lúdica en las referencias constantes a la recreación presentes en dichas políticas en tanto estrategias de gobierno destinada a la regulación de la población. Nos proponemos entonces, analizar la relación entre política y educación del cuerpo ante la presencia de formas que pretenden tomar distancia de las propuestas desarrolladas en el período dictatorial. Si durante la dictadura cívico militar en Uruguay (1973- 1985) se exaltaron las muestras gimnásticas y los eventos deportivos, en la vuelta a la democracia las políticas de educación del cuerpo toman la forma de lo recreativo, a pesar de, mantener el mismo espíritu: el del gobierno de la población y el cuerpo productivo.
Aspek Kebudayaan Material dan Non Material pada Gerai Kopi Starbucks
Authors: Pratama Rifka
Published: December 2019

Whether it is on a limited or a mass scale, coffee has long been an industrial commodity. In the social context, it can be even a social glue of interaction between individuals or communities. The claims have, indeed, implied the value of the beans. Certain elements take part in the making of the so-called coffee popularity. From a cultural perspective, the existence of material and non-material aspects of culture can be the keys. This study aims to identify and to inventory the aspects of material and non-material culture of one of world-famous coffeehouses, Starbucks. The data were obtained through library study. The main data as well as the objects of the study are information contained on the official Starbucks’ website. Other supporting data were taken from other relevant sources. Based on the study, the two aspects of culture, material and non-material, can be found in the American coffee company. The classifications of both were also made to fulfill the need of the further study.
Pentingnya Penanaman Nilai-Nilai Budaya Lokal dalam Keluarga di Era Global
Authors: Sudarsih Sri
Published: December 2019

A global era whose existence cannot be denied brings logical consequences on every line of human life. Therefore, Javanese culture which has fundamental values is very relevant to study its relation to this global era. This research is a study in the field of philosophy related to Javanese cultural values. The method used by researchers is description and interpretation. One of the Javanese culture is the attitude of the Javanese people, namely the attitude of rila (sincere), temen (keep promises), watak (patience), and budi luhur  (noble virtue) has a fundamental value meaning. These values becomes a parameter of one’s quality. The quality of one’s goodness can be measured by his practice of these values. These fundamental values are important to be realized in family life in this global era.
CODE-MIXING IN DIALOGUES AS SEEN IN ALICE COMIC BY ANGELLINA
Authors: Farahsani Yashinta , Rini Ika Puspita , Jaya Patria Handung
Published: December 2019

Since English has become international language, Indonesian people prefer to mix their language using Indonesian and English rather than Indonesian and their mother tongue language. Indonesian comics are also showing this phenomenon. One of Indonesian comics which uses code-mixing in its dialogues is Alice by Angellina. Most of the dialogues in Alice use Indonesian-English code-mixing, besides the characters’ names are also use Western names, instead of Indonesian names. The study focused on determining the types of code mixing: insertions, alternations, congruent lexicalizations (dialect) and the forms of words in the process of word-formation (such as noun, verb, adjective, phrase, and sentences). The tendency in using the code mixing is because some words have been used so often in the people’s daily conversation in showing the emotions and sense.
Keahlian Penjualan, Perilaku Penjualan dan Kinerja Penjualan Salesforce PT Nasmoco Pemuda Semarang
Authors: Maulana Fitri , Wijayanto Andi
Published: December 2019

This study aims to determine the effect of sales skills and sales behavior on sales performance. The population in this study was 32 salesforces of PT. Nasmoco Pemuda Semarang. The data used in this study are primary data obtained using questionnaires, interviews and observations. Data analysis using linear regression. The results of the study indicate that sales skills has a positive and significant effect on the sales performance. The sales behavior has a positive and significant effect on the sales performance. Simultaneously, the sales skills and sales behavior have a positive and significant effect on the sales performance. To improve sales performance, salespeople are expected to further increase their sales behavior because it is a more dominant variable. To increase sales behavior, salespeople are expected to be more responsive to listen to what prospective buyers say, not be proactive.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh keahlian penjualan dan perilaku penjualan terhadap kinerja penjualan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 32 tenaga penjual PT. Nasmoco Pemuda Semarang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang di peroleh menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan regresi linier. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keahlian penjualan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja penjualan. Perilaku penjualan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja penjualan. Secara simultan, keahlian penjualan dan perilaku penjualan bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja penjualan. Sebaiknya dalam meningkatkan kinerja penjualan seharusnya tenaga penjual lebih meningkatkan lagi perilaku penjualannya karena merupakan variabel yang lebih dominan pengaruhnya. Untuk meningkatkan perilaku penjualan diharapkan tenaga penjual agar lebih responsif mendengarkan apa yang dikatakan calon pembeli, tidak bersikap proaktif.