bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BREAST CANCER PROFILE IN VERY YOUNG WOMEN AT HAJI ADAM MALIK GENERAL HOSPITAL MEDAN
Authors: Ginting Nichitri Agina , Betty
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Breast cancer is the most kind of cancer that happens to women, and it’s one of the cancer that can cause the major death in the world and in Indonesia. Breast cancer cases at age are very young tend to have lower percentages of old age, but have a bad prognosis. Family history of breast cancer because of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation . Objective. The aim of this research is to study about breast cancer very young age profile in H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital. From 2016-2018 based on age, family history and grading histology. Methods. In this descriptive research with cross-sectional study, the sample were collected from medical record of breast cancer patient in H. Adam Malik Medan General Hospital. This research use total sampling method and matched with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results. Total of the sample is 160 subject. The majority of age group is 31-35 year’s old (81 subject or 51,0%). The majority of age menarche group is <12 year’s old (104 subject or 65,5%). Do not have family history (82 subject or 51,3%), and have a family history just found (78 subject or 48,8%). The majority of grading histology is grade 3 (68 subject or 42,5%). Conclusion. Sufferers of breast cancer at very young age is quite a lot with grade 3 on grading histology.Keyword: breast cancer, very young age, family history.

Abstrak. Latar Belakang. Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang paling sering terjadi pada wanita, dan merupakan salah satu kanker yang dapat menyebabkan kematian utama di dunia dan di Indonesia. Kasus kanker payudara pada usia sangat muda cenderung memiliki presentase yang lebih rendah diantara usia tua, namun memiliki prognosis yang lebih buruk. Riwayat keluarga pada kanker payudara dikarenakan adanya mutasi BRCA1 dan BRCA2. Tujuan. Mengetahui profil kanker payudara wanita pada usia sangat muda di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan. Tahun 2016-2018 berdasarkan usia, riwayat keluarga dan grading histologi. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder melalui data rekam medis penderita kanker payudara di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan. Besar sampel ditentukan dengan metode total sampling dan disesuaikan dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil. Diperoleh total 160 sampel. Kelompok usia terbanyak adalah usia 31-35 tahun sebanyak 81 penderita (51,0%). Usia menarche terbanyak pada kelompok usia <12 tahun sebanyak 104 penderita (65,5%). Tidak memiliki riwayat keluarga sebanyak 82 penderita (51,3%), dan memiliki riiwayat keluarga ditemukan sebanyak 78 penderita (48,8%). Grading histologi terbanyak adalah grade 3 sebanyak 68 penderita (42,5%). Kesimpulan. Penderita kanker payudara pada usia sangat muda cukup banyak dengan grade 3 pada grading histologi.Kata Kunci: kanker payudara, usia sangat muda, riwayat keluarga
High BMI leads to increased breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women
Authors: Tantoso Tifanny , Sitorus Mega Sari , Feriyawati Lita , Wahyuni Dian Dwi
Published: December 2021

Obesity is a worldwide problem that has been steadily increasing even in developing countries. Obesity has been linked to various types of cancer, one of which is breast cancer. Breast cancer has been classified into various types based on gene and hormone receptor expressions, which offered new insights to therapies and prognoses. We conducted a case-control study using 42 breast cancer patients and 43 healthy women, all of which are older than 55 years of age and have experienced menopause, and for case subjects, additional immunohistochemistry profiles have been provided. Data were collected by interviews and medical records. For data analysis, we used Pearson’s Chi-Square test and Fisher’s Exact test. Results showed that high BMI is significantly associated with breast cancer, and risk is elevated (p < 0.05, OR = 1.263, 95% CI = 1.007-1.583). No significant association with molecular subtypes was observed.
The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Grape (Vitis vinifera) as an Anti-Aging for Women in Productive Age
Authors: Nadhila Siti , Tri Widyawati
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The aging process occurs in all parts of the body including the face. One of the factors that can influence this process is free radicals which can be suppressed by antioxidants. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) are known to contain high antioxidant compounds. This research was conducted to determine the anti-aging activity of grape ethanol extract (V. vinifera) in clay mask preparations. Grape ethanol extract obtained by maceration and formulated in clay mask dosage form with 4 concentrations namely FI (2.5%), FII (5%), FIII (7.5%) and F0 as a control. A total of 12 volunteers who met the inclusion criteria were applied to the mask every week for 4 weeks and evaluated the water content, smoothness, large pores, many blemishes and facial skin wrinkles before and after application in each treatment. Mask stability was evaluated for 12 weeks at room temperature. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal Wallis and Friedman tests. After 4 weeks of treatment, the highest changes including humidity (12.63%), pore size (50%), blemishes (57.32%) and wrinkles (75.69%) were found in FIII. While changes in skin smoothness were found in FII by 34.04%. There was a significant moisture difference between F0-FIII (p <0.05), a significant difference in evenness between F0-FI, F0-FII and F0-FIII (p <0.05), a significant difference in spots between F0-FIII (p < 0.05) and significant differences in wrinkles between F0-FIII (p <0.05). Grape ethanol extract in clay mask preparations has anti-aging activity.
Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan in 2019: an Overview Study
Authors: Teguh Firdaus  , Rina Yunita
Published: December 2021

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is the second-largest infection after respiratory tract infection (WHO, 2013). The prevalence of UTI in Indonesia is relatively high. UTI originated from the invasion and proliferation of microorganisms into the urinary tract in meaningful quantities. Gram-negative bacteria are mostly the cause of UTI including E. coli, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacter sp, and Proteus sp. Patients with UTI with inadequate treatment can experience complications e.g., acute renal failure and urosepsis. This study aims to find out the profile of bacteria that cause UTI at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan in 2019. This descriptive study is using a non-analytical retrospective approach conducted to secondary data from urinary culture examination at RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 24.  Gram-negative bacteria results of 72.7% with E. coli postulated as the most common etiology (33,3%) and gram-positive bacteria results of 27.3%, dominated by Enterococcus faecalis (16.3%). The sensitivity study exhibited various results e.g., 100%, 98.2%, and 97.0% in E. coli for Tigecycline, Meropenem, and Amikacin respectively. Enterococcus faecalis also posed a similar results regarding its sensitivity result to different antibiotics. Gram-negative bacteria are the most common bacterial etiology of UTI, specifically E. coli with comparable sensitivity results
Charasteristics of COVID-19 Patients Treated At Santa Elisabeth Medan Hospital 2020
Authors: Triputri Nency , Noni Novisari Soeroso
Published: December 2021

Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a new type of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This virus was first discovered in Wuhan, China for the first time and has infected 90,308 people as of March 2, 2020. Infection is transmitted by large droplets or droplets within 1 - 2 m, which are generated during coughing and sneezing by symptomatic patients and people without symptoms. This infection is acquired by inhaling these droplets or touching a contaminated surface and then touching the nose, mouth and eyes.  To see the characteristics of COVID-19 patients who are treated at the Santa Elisabeth Hospital Medan in 2020.  Type of research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional study design with a retrospective approach using total sampling technique. This type of research data is secondary data obtained from the medical record data of positive COVID-19 patients confirmed to be hospitalized in several Medan city hospitals in 2020.Of the 230 study samples, 147 confirmed positive COVID-19 patients were found, dominated by the age range 46-55 years. The sex most common is male. The most common clinical symptoms are respiratory disorders such as coughing, shortness of breath and fever.The number of confirmed positive patients at the hospital. Santa Elisabeth in March to October 2020 is 147 people (51.1%).
Біографія доктора сільськогосподарських наук, професора Гусєва Миколи Гавриловича (1949–2021 рр.)
Authors: Колектив Інституту зрошуваного землеробства
Published: December 2021

Біографія доктора сільськогосподарських наук, професора Гусєва Миколи Гавриловича (1949–2021 рр.)
THE PERFORMANCE OF MACROZOOBENTOS AS A BIOINDICATOR OF WATER QUALITY IN THE LOWER PARTS OF THE HURUN LAMPUNG RIVER
Authors: Putri Vina Triesa , Kartini Nidya , Yudha Indra Gumay , Damai Abdullah Aman
Published: December 2021

Macrozoobenthos is one of the organisms that can be used as biological indicators because it tends to live in an area and has sensitivity to environmental changes. The Hurun River had many community activities. Based on this, it was necessary to analyze the diversity of macrozoobenthos which will be compared with the physical and chemical parameters of water in order to find out the indicators that affect the abundance of macrozoobenthos in the river. The purpose of this research was to determine the macrozoobenthic community structure which found in the Hurun River based on diversity, uniformity and dominance indices, to build multiple linear regression models, and to determine the bioindicators of pollution in the Hurun River. The factors that influence the abundance of macrozoobenthos are temperature, depth, brightness, DO, TOM, and salinity. The types of macrozoobenthos obtained were 87 species with the highest abundance of macrozoobenthic animals of 70,666.56 ind/m3 while the lowest abundance of macrozoobenthic animals was 13,000.96 ind/m3. Based on data analysis, the macrozoobenthic diversity index was included in the medium category, the level of macrozoobenthic uniformity was included in the high, medium, and low categories, and the dominance level which was included in the medium and low categories. Multiple regression models with a confidence level of 5% get R2 results of 0.86. The level of pollution that occured in the Hurun River based on bioindicators with the ABC curve shows moderately polluted.
LENGTH-WEIGHT RELATIONSHIP AND REPRODUCTION OF SULPHUR GOATFISH Upeneus sulphureus (Cuvier, 1829) AT PPI KALIANDA, SOUTH LAMPUNG
Authors: Pradana M Aldhy Nur , Damai Abdullah Aman , Yudha Indra Gumay , Suparmono Suparmono
Published: December 2021

Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus) is the dominant caught with a fairly high level of utilization. This research aimed to analyze aspects of growth and reproduction sulphur goatfish caught by rampus nets landed at the fishing port of PPI Kalianda. Growth aspects that were observed included the length-weight, while the reproductive aspects observed is the sex ratio, gonad maturity level, and the size of sulphur goatfish at first maturity. This research was conducted in May-July 202 with the research method used simple random sampling method.  The fish samples obtained during the study were 600 individuals, the results showed that Sulphur goatfish had negative allometric growth. The equation for the long-weight relationship of sulphur goatfish is log W = -4,6 + 2,9 log L or W = 2,8x10-5L2,9. The sex ratio of sulphur goatfish in May and July were not 1: 1, while the ideal condition was achieved in June. The gonad maturity level distribution of sulphur goatfish was dominated by TKG III and IV for female, while male sulphur goatfish was dominated by TKG II and III. Size at first maturity of sulphur goatfish females was 169,1 ± 1,03mm.
Applying Geographic Information System Methodologies to Estimate the Catchment Area Accessibility of Park-and-Ride Facilities
Authors: Ortega Jairo , Tóth János , Péter Tamás
Published: December 2021

Park and Ride (P&R) systems play a potentially important role in transportation planning to decrease the undesirable effects of private cars in the Central Business District (CBD). In order to achieve this objective, an essential component to be investigated is the catchment areas of these P&R facilities. However, a limited number of studies have applied the Geographic Information System (GIS) to study the spatial boundary accessibility of the catchment areas of P&R. This study aims to analyze the spatial boundary accessibility of the catchment areas of P&R facilities using three GIS methods. The first method uses geometric shapes to analyze the catchment areas of P&R facilities according to regular shapes, such as parabolas or circles. The market area is the second method used to analyze travel time via the tool ArcGIS Network Analyst to determine the catchment area of P&Rs. Finally, the dynamic accessibility method determines how accessible a facility can be through a study of the spatial boundary accessibility of P&Rs based on the travel time and distance between zones and P&R. The result shows that the static methods identify the spatial boundary accessibility through the calculation of the size of the shape of each P&R separately, while the dynamic method identifies the level of accessibility in detail for all P&R and also the accessibility of each zone to reach a facility. In conclusion, the dynamic accessibility method presents better accuracy than static methods in order to estimate the spatial boundary accessibility of the catchment area of P&Rs.
Can We Make All Legal Norms into Legal Syllogisms and Why is That Important in Times of Artificial Intelligence?
Authors: Strikaitė-Latušinskaja Goda
Published: December 2021

Background: The term ‘hard cases’ trace back to Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart who was one of the first legal philosophers who directly used it in his works and Ronald Myles Dworkin to whom the development and establishment of this concept in legal language is linked. Even though these two legal philosophers in one of the most famous - The Hart–Dworkin – legal debate couldn’t agree on certain things, they both agreed that when dealing with hard cases, there is a need to act creatively in order to resolve such a case properly. The division of cases into easy ones and hard ones gradually lost its popularity, even in legal theory, but perhaps

it can be resurrected and used these challenging times to help meet the challenges prompted by technology?

Methods: This paper analyses the dichotomy of hard and easy cases as well as circumstances relating to the courts’ decision-making processes in such cases. The essay examines whether the solutions proposed by legal positivism (such as applying syllogisms and precedents) are sufficient to deal with easy cases. The paper also examines what factors analysed by legal realists have an impact on judges while making decisions in hard cases (for example, psychological factors, such as hindsight bias, intuition, hunches, the anchor effect, laziness, unwillingness to take responsibility, or the gambler’s fallacy, as well as social factors, like upbringing, life experience, social relations, gender, age, education, etc.). Given that the article is theoretical in nature, logical, systemic, teleological methods dominate. Both descriptive method and scientific research method were used as well.

Results and Conclusions: The author concludes that easy cases should eventually be delegated to artificial intelligence to resolve, whereas hard cases will remain in the competence of human judges, at least until technological development reaches a certain level.
İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜNDE İŞ KAZALARININ YAPAY SİNİR AĞI İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ: İSTANBUL İLİNDE BİR ÖRNEK UYGULAMA
Authors: CANER AKIN Güfte , DUMAN İbrahim , ALKAN Ümit
Published: December 2021

İş sağlığı ve güvenliğinde yapay sinir ağları ile inşaat sektöründe kaza risklerinin değerlendirmesine yönelik olan bu çalışmada, kaza verileri üzerinden modelleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla İstanbul ili içerisinde faaliyet gösteren bir ortak sağlık ve güvenlik biriminin 2016-2019 yıllarında ait inşaat projesinde meydana gelen; ergonomik, fiziksel, kimyasal ve psikososyal risk etmenleri temelli 644 adet kaza verileri kullanılmıştır. 644 adet kaza verisinden 48 adet yapay sinir ağı için veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Örneklemdeki iş kazalarına ait ay ve yıl girdileri ile kaza sayıları yüksek doğruluk oranlı tahmini elde edilmiştir. Modelin sonucunda eğitim için % 99’luk, test için % 92’lik başarı yakalanmıştır. Dolayısıyla proje bazlı yürütülen ve bu nedenle de sürekli farklılık gösteren inşaat sektöründeki kaza riski değerlendirmelerinde modelin kullanımının, alınacak tedbirler için etkin olacağı değerlendirilmektedir.
Efficiency Evaluation of the Peridural Analgesia Methods After Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Tilekov E. , Chyngysheva Zh.
Published: December 2021

This article presents the results of a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of epidural anesthesia with a combination of local anesthetic and morphine with an automatic syringe, the technique of epidural analgesia in the bolus mode at specified time intervals and at the patient's request, and analgesia in the form of a continuous epidural infusion of 0.5% bipuvicaine solution in combination with a narcotic drug in patients after hemorrhoidectomy. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that the method of prolonged epidural analgesia in the postoperative period allows achieving good results with the least complications.
Current Issues in the Treatment of Deep Sensoneural Hearing Loss and Deafness in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Nasyrov V. , Ismailova A. , Bednyakova
Published: December 2021

This article presents the main issues of the relevance of the spread of severe hearing loss and deafness in Kyrgyzstan, leading to permanent disability of patients, especially children. Despite significant technological progress and constant improvement of digital sound processing for cochlear implantation and hearing aids, in Kyrgyzstan, for a number of reasons, there are significant difficulties for their widespread implementation due to the lack of necessary government programs and appropriate funding.
Features of the Experience of Patients With COVID-19 Disease
Authors: Kolbasyuk U.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the features of the experience of respondents who have suffered from COVID-19 disease. The concept of "experience" is revealed from various points of view. In turn, modern studies of the influence of this mental phenomenon on people who have recovered from COVID-19 are analyzed.
The State of Higher Mental Functions in Freedivers
Authors: Ved E.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the study of higher mental functions in freedivers performing prolonged breath holdings. The paper presents studies of the influence of prolonged hypoxia on the state of higher mental functions in freedivers, as well as a description of the qualitative characteristics of higher mental functions, in contrast to those people who do not practice this kind of sport.
Peculiarities of knee replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Volchenko D. V. , Akhtyamov I. F. , Lapshina S. A. , Gilmutdinov I. Sh.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a steadily progressive disease leading to joint destruction and functional instability of the knee joints, often requires orthopedic correction.

The aim. Of the review was to analyze the surgery strategy and technical features of knee arthroplasty and replacement in patients with RA.

Basic provisions. RA is characterized by a number of abnormalities not only due to erosive arthritis and active persistent synovitis, but also caused by a decrease in bone mineral density, damage to the periarticular structures and patella, the formation of bone defects, as well as a high risk of postoperative complications. All these factors should be taken into account while choosing relevant surgical treatment and knee replacement technique. The article presents the optimal approaches for performing knee replacement in RA patients, taking into account the peculiarities of the existing structural and functional disorders.

Conclusion. TEC in patients with RA requires a personalized approach based on evaluation of disease-associated risk factors affecting the results of orthopedic correction and the likelihood of complications.
Ankylosing spondylitis in combination with Crohn's disease: clinical case
Authors: Tarasova D. D. , Shilova L. N. , Koroleva M. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease are chronic recurrent autoimmune diseases. In case of a combined course their activity tends to progress, regardless of the phase of the underlying disease.

The aim of the study. To analyze the combination of ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease, issues of its diagnosis and selection of therapy.

Results. The combination of ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease tend to progress independently, regardless of the phase of the underlying disease. The main problem that complicates diagnosis is the lack of a unifed approach to the defnition of extra skeletal and extraintestinal manifestations.

Conclusion. The management of patients with a combination of ankylosing spondylitis and Crohn's disease is a common problem of rheumatologists and gastroenterologists. An interdisciplinary approach will allow timely diagnosis of extra-skeletal and extra-intestinal manifestations and correct therapy.
POSTERIOR REVERSIBL ENCEPHALOPATHY SYNDROME IN COVID 19 DISEASE: A RARE CASE
Authors: Taşkın Öztürk , Yılmaz Ayşe , Soylu Veysel Garani , Demir Ufuk , Kurada Gizem
Published: December 2021

Background: Covid-19 disease can have many neurological complications, posterior reversible encephalopathy being one of them.

Case Report: A 42-year-old female patient was admitted to the emergency department on the 4th day of PCR test positivity with decreased consciousness. Patient with a Glasgow coma score of 6 (E1M3V2). The patient's vital signs were stable and there was no abnormality in his laboratory. No pathology was found in the brain tomography to explain the loss of consciousness. In MRI evaluation, the patient was diagnosed with Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) according to radiological and clinical information. The standard Covid -19 treatment added to the antiedema treatment was applied to the patient. Brain MRI was repeated four days later and previous MRI findings showed regression. The patient was discharged to the ward with stable neurological status on the 22nd day of hospitalization.
Conclusion: PRES is a rare but serious complication in Covid-19. Especially in the Covid-19 intensive care unit, intubation and sedation suppress the clinical picture, and the difficulty in getting patients on magnetic resonance imaging can complicate the diagnosis. Therefore, PRES should be kept in mind in the presence of neurological symptoms such as encephalitis, meningitis, encephalopathy and cerebrovascular disease.
Isolated Liver Injury Due to Ground Current Effect of Lightning Strike
Authors: Kartal Murat , Çöpelci Yaşar , Kalaycı Tolga
Published: December 2021

A 26-year-old shepherd man was admitted to the emergency department in June 2020 after ground current effect of lightning strike. With the severity of the trauma, the patient fell to the ground and then fainted. Since the severity of the trauma was not known exactly, there was an open wound in the head, and the patient had dyspnea and elevated liver function tests, cranial, thorax and abdominal computed tomography (CT) were performed. On CT scan, approximately 7-cm-in length grade 3 liver laceration, extending between segment V and segment VIII was seen without intra-abdominal pathology. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). During the follow-up, liver function tests returned to normal. Liver laceration was managed conservatively. The patient was discharged on the 6th day of hospitalization, as no complications or massive bleeding signs were observed in the intensive care follow-up, his vital signs stabilized, and his symptoms improved.
A Rare Case of Paraneoplastic Limbic Encephalitis leading to Epileptic Seizure in a Patient with Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Aytar Murat Hamit , Kılıçkan Levent , Ustun Cemal , Cevizci Akkılıç Elvan
Published: December 2021

Introduction
Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis (PLE), a rare and diagnostically-challenging encephalopathy, is frequently associated with an underlying malign neoplastic tumor. Epileptic symptoms are uncommon but can be the first sign of the disease.
Case Report
We present a patient admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) unit with epileptic seizure and a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of six. All tests and investigations that had been utilized for this patient’s diagnosis, including blood tests, serological analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) test results were evaluated. The patient had been diagnosed with ovarian carcinoma within the last year. The patient’s cancer history, her most recent complaints and MRI results were strongly suspicious for paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Her neurological condition improved rapidly in a few days with steroid therapy.
Conclusion
This case showed that any neurological deterioration based on an ovarian oncologic disease can bring PLE to mind. The possibility of PLE must be taken into consideration in patients presenting with epileptic seizures after neoplastic diagnoses.
CASE SERİES WITH ATROPA BELLADONNA (DEADLY NIGHTSHADE) INTOXICATION AND EXPERIENCE OF PHYSOSTIGMIN
Authors: Hasgül Burak , Çatak Merve , Çatak Arif İsmet , Karaman Serhat
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Atropa belladonna (deadly nightshade) is a poisonous herb that can be especially seen in Northern regions of our country and cause anticholinergic toxic syndrome (ATS) when consumed. ATS can be seen when consuming the plant which contains atropine or in overdose of psychoactive drugs containing atropine (such as antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants).
Case 1: A 65-year-old female patient was admitted to emergency service with the clinic of agitation, speech disorder and consciousness change. It was learned that she consumed atropa belladonna fruits about an hour ago. She was followed up with the diagnosis of ATS and treated with conservative approach.
Case 2: A 58-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency servise due to impaired consciousness, agitation, difficulty in speaking, vomiting and fever. He also ate the same fruits with his relative, case 1. He also followed up with a diagnosis of ATS and treated with both conservative approach and physostigmine.
Conclusion: Consuming atropa belladonna fruits and leaves can lead to ATS and life-threatening consequences can be seen in severe toxicity. Early diagnosis and treatment are important in prognosis. Physostigmine must be kept in mind in cases who does not benefit from conservative approach.
Physicochemical investigation of some primitive
water sources in district Champawat for potability and preservation of
historical aesthetics, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Patni Kiran , Pratap Pande Ashutosh , Pande Chitra
Published: December 2021

The present study deals with the assessment of physicochemical properties of spring water samples
collected from the surroundings of Champawat city, Uttarakhand, India. The total of twenty-three
parameters were analysed for the study including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS) (mg/L), electrical
conductance (EC) (µS/cm), temperature (T) (°C), dissolved oxygen (DO) (mg/L), chloride (Cl-
)
(mg/L), and uranium (U) (µg/L). The seasonal variation was also observed in these samples. In the
hills, spring water has been the common source of public water supply from ancient times, therefore
this study includes the springs that have survived from the distant past and were being used for
drinking purpose at earlier time. However, with time, the quality of these water sources has depleted
due to both natural and anthropogenic reasons to such an extent that two of these sources are not in
use any more. The analysis has shown that pH of these samples ranged from 6.74 - 7.77, the highest
values of TDS and nitrate (NO3
-
) were observed to be 500 mg/L and 39.1 mg/L respectively. This
study can help determine the present state of these ancient water sources, which can be used as
alternative water sources in the time of water supply crisis, and maintaining these historical water
sources can be an example of sustainable development and preservation of historical aesthetics.
Laser Environmental Enrichment and Spirulina Algae Improve Broiler Growth Performance and Alter Myogenic Gene Expression and pectoralis major Dimensions
Authors: Meyer Meaghan M. , Johnson Anna K. , Bobeck Elizabeth A.
Published: December 2021

Sustainability in poultry production is evident in efforts to reduce inputs and a focus on bird welfare and livability. Dietary protein alternatives to traditional sources such as soybean meal aim to meet or exceed efficiency benchmarks and be cost-effective. Environmental enrichment encouraging activity may reduce the occurrence of the predominant breast muscle myopathy, woody breast (WB); interventions to minimize muscle damage and economic loss have yet to be established. The study objectives were to maintain or improve broiler performance and breast quality through environmental enrichment and partially replacing dietary soybean meal with Spirulina. Twelve hundred Ross 708 broilers were randomly assigned to enrichment (LASER; laser enrichment, or CON; no laser enrichment) and diet (algae; 2.5% Spirulina algae, or control) in a 2 × 2 factorial design for 49 days. The same 70 randomly selected birds were examined for contact dermatitis wk 1–6. Breast width was measured weekly on 200 growing broilers beginning on d22. On d42 and 49 slaughter, WB score was assigned using a tactile 0–3 scale and the right breast filet was weighed (n = 200). RNA isolated from 30 breast muscle samples each at d42 and 49 was analyzed using real-time qPCR. Laser enrichment increased body weight at all timepoints (d49: 0.148 kg, P < 0.001). Feed conversion ratio was improved in LASER-enriched birds by 3 points in the starter period (P = 0.003). Breast width was increased at all timepoints in LASER-enriched birds compared to CON (d49: 0.47 cm, P < 0.001). Algae inclusion increased body weight at d28 (0.059 kg, P = 0.005). At d42, 12% more LASER-enriched WB scores were 0 (normal) compared to CON, and at d49, 15% more enriched scores were 0. At d42, 5% more algae-fed broiler scores were 0 compared to control. LASER-enriched broiler breast tissue showed upregulated expression of myogenin, muscle regulatory factor 4, insulin-like growth factor 1, and myostatin compared to CON (P < 0.01). Both laser enrichment and algae inclusion improved broiler performance without negatively impacting environmental or physiological outcomes. LASER enrichment decreased severity of WB score and positively shifted myogenic gene expression in the breast muscle at slaughter.
Digital Image Encryption Using Double Crossover Approach for SARS-CoV-2 Infected Lungs in a Blockchain Framework
Authors: Banerjee Bannishikha , Jani Ashish , Shah Niraj
Published: December 2021

As the (Covid-19) pandemic spreads, the creativity of the scientific community is thriving while trying to control the situation. They are trying to treat patients viably and work with the almost exhausted medical equipment and staff, while growing new, successful antibodies. Successful screening of SARS-CoV-2 empowers fast and proficient determination of COVID-19 and can relieve the weight on medical care frameworks. Numerous forecast models are being created to comprehend and prognosticate the spread of the pandemic and to stay away from the following wave. But in the coming time, we can be sure that the models would experience the ill effects of a few issues, security being one of them. All the models need to be built in such a way that the investigation task gets successfully conducted without compromising the privacy and security of the patients. To take care of this, we propose a blockchain framework for sharing patients’ personal data or medical reports. A blockchain will take care of the integrity part, but we still need to worry about confidentiality. Therefore, combining a genetic approach with a blockchain seemed like a good idea. A twofold hybrid methodology is proposed in this paper to tackle the issue of confidentiality. The outcomes displayed high entropy accomplishment for the utilized dataset. The sensitivity of the plaintext and ciphertext is also checked and compared with existing approaches which thus demonstrates the security of the proposed approach in the given setting.
Transcriptome Dynamics of Human Neuronal Differentiation From iPSC
Authors: Kuruş Meltem , Akbari Soheil , Eskier Doğa , Bursalı Ahmet , Ergin Kemal , Erdal Esra , Karakülah Gökhan
Published: December 2021

The generation and use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in order to obtain all differentiated adult cell morphologies without requiring embryonic stem cells is one of the most important discoveries in molecular biology. Among the uses of iPSCs is the generation of neuron cells and organoids to study the biological cues underlying neuronal and brain development, in addition to neurological diseases. These iPSC-derived neuronal differentiation models allow us to examine the gene regulatory factors involved in such processes. Among these regulatory factors are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), genes that are transcribed from the genome and have key biological functions in establishing phenotypes, but are frequently not included in studies focusing on protein coding genes. Here, we provide a comprehensive analysis and overview of the coding and non-coding transcriptome during multiple stages of the iPSC-derived neuronal differentiation process using RNA-seq. We identify previously unannotated lncRNAs via genome-guided de novo transcriptome assembly, and the distinct characteristics of the transcriptome during each stage, including differentially expressed and stage specific genes. We further identify key genes of the human neuronal differentiation network, representing novel candidates likely to have critical roles in neurogenesis using coexpression network analysis. Our findings provide a valuable resource for future studies on neuronal differentiation.
The Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Diseases
Authors: Chen Si , Zhu Jun-yao , Zang Xin , Zhai Yong-zhen
Published: December 2021

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered type of cell death mediated by iron-dependent lipid peroxide. The disturbance of iron metabolism, imbalance of the amino acid antioxidant system, and lipid peroxide accumulation are considered distinct fingerprints of ferroptosis. The dysregulation of ferroptosis has been intensively studied in recent years due to its participation in various diseases, including cancer, kidney injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. Notably, increasing evidence indicates that ferroptosis plays different roles in a wide spectrum of liver diseases. On the one hand, inhibiting ferroptosis may counteract the pathophysiological progression of several liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver injury, nonalcoholic steatosis hepatitis and fibrosis. On the other hand, inducing ferroptosis may restrict the emergence of secondary resistance to current medicines, such as sorafenib, for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. Here, we summarize the biological characteristics and regulatory signalling pathways of ferroptosis involved in liver disease. The current available medical agents targeting ferroptosis, including inducers or inhibitors applied in liver diseases, are also reviewed. This work aims to provide new insight into the emerging role of pathogenesis and therapeutic approaches for liver diseases.
Design, Synthesis, Chemical and Biochemical Insights Into Novel Hybrid Spirooxindole-Based p53-MDM2 Inhibitors With Potential Bcl2 Signaling Attenuation
Authors: Aziz Yasmine M. Abdel , Lotfy Gehad , Said Mohamed M. , El Ashry El Sayed H. , El Tamany El Sayed H. , Soliman Saied M. , Abu-Serie Marwa M. , Teleb Mohamed , Yousuf Sammer , Dömling Alexander , Domingo Luis R. , Barakat Assem
Published: December 2021

The tumor resistance to p53 activators posed a clinical challenge. Combination studies disclosed that concomitant administration of Bcl2 inhibitors can sensitize the tumor cells and induce apoptosis. In this study, we utilized a rapid synthetic route to synthesize two novel hybrid spirooxindole-based p53-MDM2 inhibitors endowed with Bcl2 signaling attenuation. The adducts mimic the thematic features of the chemically stable potent spiro [3H-indole-3,2′-pyrrolidin]-2(1H)-ones p53-MDM2 inhibitors, while installing a pyrrole ring via a carbonyl spacer inspired by the natural marine or synthetic products that efficiently inhibit Bcl2 family functions. A chemical insight into the two synthesized spirooxindoles including single crystal x-ray diffraction analysis unambiguously confirmed their structures. The synthesized spirooxindoles 2a and 2b were preliminarily tested for cytotoxic activities against normal cells, MDA-MB 231, HepG-2, and Caco-2 via MTT assay. 2b was superior to 5-fluorouracil. Mechanistically, 2b induced apoptosis-dependent anticancer effect (43%) higher than that of 5-fluorouracil (34.95%) in three studied cancer cell lines, activated p53 (47%), downregulated the Bcl2 gene (1.25-fold), and upregulated p21 (2-fold) in the treated cancer cells. Docking simulations declared the possible binding modes of the synthesized compounds within MDM2.
Redox Potentials of Disulfide Bonds in LOXL2 Studied by Nonequilibrium Alchemical Simulation
Authors: Lin Lirui , Zou Haiying , Li Wenjin , Xu Li-Yan , Li En-Min , Dong Geng
Published: December 2021

Lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination ε-amino group of lysine. It is found that LOXL2 is a promotor for the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Disulfide bonds are important components in LOXL2, and they play a stabilizing role for protein structure or a functional role for regulating protein bioactivity. The redox potential of disulfide bond is one important property to determine the functional role of disulfide bond. In this study, we have calculated the reduction potential of all the disulfide bonds in LOXL2 by non-equilibrium alchemical simulations. Our results show that seven of seventeen disulfide bonds have high redox potentials between −182 and −298 mV and could have a functional role, viz., Cys573–Cys625, Cys579–Cys695, Cys657–Cys673, and Cys663–Cys685 in the catalytic domain, Cys351–Cys414, Cys464–Cys530, and Cys477–Cys543 in the scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) domains. The disulfide bond of Cys351–Cys414 is predicted to play an allosteric function role, which could affect the metastasis and invasion of cancer cells. Other functional bonds have a catalytic role related to enzyme activity. The rest of disulfide bonds are predicted to play a structural role. Our study provides an important insight for the classification of disulfide bonds in LOXL2 and can be utilized for the drug design that targets the cysteine residues in LOXL2.
Molecular Evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Hazardous and More Hazardous Strains Behind the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic and Their Targeting by Drugs and Vaccines
Authors: Tuli Hardeep Singh , Sak Katrin , Aggarwal Poonam , Iqubal Ashif , Upadhaya Sushil K. , Kaur Jagjit , Kaur Ginpreet , Aggarwal Diwakar
Published: December 2021

Within almost the last 2 years, the world has been shaken by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has affected the lives of all people. With nearly 4.92 million deaths by October 19, 2021, and serious health damages in millions of people, COVID-19 has been the most serious global challenge after the Second World War. Besides lost lives and long-term health problems, devastating impact on economics, education, and culture will probably leave a lasting impression on the future. Therefore, the actual extent of losses will become obvious only after years. Moreover, despite the availability of different vaccines and vaccination programs, it is still impossible to forecast what the next steps of the virus are or how near we are to the end of the pandemic. In this article, the route of molecular evolution of the coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is thoroughly compiled, highlighting the changes that the virus has undergone during the last 2 years and discussing the approaches that the medical community has undertaken in the fight against virus-induced damages.
Diagnosis and Stratification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infected Patients by Immunochemical Quantitative Determination of Pyocyanin From Clinical Bacterial Isolates
Authors: Rodriguez-Urretavizcaya Barbara , Pascual Nuria , Pastells Carme , Martin-Gomez Maria Teresa , Vilaplana Lluïsa , Marco Maria-Pilar
Published: December 2021

The development of a highly sensitive, specific, and reliable immunochemical assay to detect pyocyanin (PYO), one of the most important virulence factors (VFs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is here reported. The assay uses a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb; C.9.1.9.1.1.2.2.) raised against 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-OHphz) hapten derivatives (PC1; a 1:1 mixture of 9-hydroxy- and 6-hydroxy-phenazine-2-carobxylic acids). Selective screening using PYO and 1-OHphz on several cloning cycles allowed the selection of a clone able to detect PYO at low concentration levels. The microplate-based ELISA developed is able to achieve a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.07 nM, which is much lower than the concentrations reported to be found in clinical samples (130 μM in sputa and 2.8 μM in ear secretions). The ELISA has allowed the investigation of the release kinetics of PYO and 1-OHphz (the main metabolite of PYO) of clinical isolates obtained from P. aeruginosa-infected patients and cultured in Mueller–Hinton medium. Significant differences have been found between clinical isolates obtained from patients with an acute or a chronic infection (~6,000 nM vs. ~8 nM of PYO content, respectively) corroborated by the analysis of PYO/1-OHphz levels released by 37 clinical isolates obtained from infected patients at different stages. In all cases, the levels of 1-OHphz were much lower than those of PYO (at the highest levels 6,000 nM vs. 300 nM for PYO vs. 1-OHphz, respectively). The results found point to a real potential of PYO as a biomarker of P. aeruginosa infection and the possibility to use such VF also as a biomarker for patient stratification[2] and for an effective management of these kinds of infections.
Using Genomics to Shape the Definition of the Agglutinin-Like Sequence (ALS) Family in the Saccharomycetales
Authors: Oh Soon-Hwan , Schliep Klaus , Isenhower Allyson , Rodriguez-Bobadilla Rubi , Vuong Vien M. , Fields Christopher J. , Hernandez Alvaro G. , Hoyer Lois L.
Published: December 2021

The Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) family is studied because of its contribution to cell adhesion, fungal colonization, and polymicrobial biofilm formation. The goal of this work was to derive an accurate census and sequence for ALS genes in pathogenic yeasts and other closely related species, while probing the boundaries of the ALS family within the Order Saccharomycetales. Bioinformatic methods were combined with laboratory experimentation to characterize 47 novel ALS loci from 8 fungal species. AlphaFold predictions suggested the presence of a conserved N-terminal adhesive domain (NT-Als) structure in all Als proteins reported to date, as well as in S. cerevisiae alpha-agglutinin (Sag1). Lodderomyces elongisporus, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and Scheffersomyces stipitis were notable because each species had genes with C. albicans ALS features, as well as at least one that encoded a Sag1-like protein. Detection of recombination events between the ALS family and gene families encoding other cell-surface proteins such as Iff/Hyr and Flo suggest widespread domain swapping with the potential to create cell-surface diversity among yeast species. Results from the analysis also revealed subtelomeric ALS genes, ALS pseudogenes, and the potential for yeast species to secrete their own soluble adhesion inhibitors. Information presented here supports the inclusion of SAG1 in the ALS family and yields many experimental hypotheses to pursue to further reveal the nature of the ALS family.
Robust Rank Aggregation and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator Analysis of Novel Gene Signatures in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ma Xiao , Mo Changhua , Huang Liangzhao , Cao Peidong , Shen Louyi , Gui Chun
Published: December 2021

Objective: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a heart disease with high mortality characterized by progressive cardiac dilation and myocardial contractility reduction. The molecular signature of dilated cardiomyopathy remains to be defined. Hence, seeking potential biomarkers and therapeutic of DCM is urgent and necessary.

Methods: In this study, we utilized the Robust Rank Aggregation (RRA) method to integrate four eligible DCM microarray datasets from the GEO and identified a set of significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between dilated cardiomyopathy and non-heart failure. Moreover, LASSO analysis was carried out to clarify the diagnostic and DCM clinical features of these genes and identify dilated cardiomyopathy derived diagnostic signatures (DCMDDS).

Results: A total of 117 DEGs were identified across the four microarrays. Furthermore, GO analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the regulation of inflammatory response, the humoral immune response, the regulation of blood pressure and collagen–containing extracellular matrix. In addition, KEGG analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly enriched in diverse infected signaling pathways. Moreover, Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that immune and inflammatory biological processes such as adaptive immune response, cellular response to interferon and cardiac muscle contraction, dilated cardiomyopathy are significantly enriched in DCM. Moreover, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analyses of the 18 DCM-related genes developed a 7-gene signature predictive of DCM. This signature included ANKRD1, COL1A1, MYH6, PERELP, PRKACA, CDKN1A, and OMD. Interestingly, five of these seven genes have a correlation with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in DCM patients.

Conclusion: Our present study demonstrated that the signatures could be robust tools for predicting DCM in clinical practice. And may also be potential treatment targets for clinical implication in the future.