bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PAC1 receptor mRNA and protein distribution in rat and human trigeminal and sphenopalatine ganglia, spinal trigeminal nucleus and in dura mater
Authors: Hensley Kelly , Pretorius Jim , Chan Brian , Page Keith , Liu Hantao , Choi Chang , Shi Di , Xu Cen , Edvinsson Lars , Miller Silke
Published: December 2018

Background

To further understand the role of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 1 (PAC1) receptors in headache disorders, we mapped their expression in tissues of the trigemino-autonomic system by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

Methods

To optimize screening for monoclonal antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we developed a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cells overexpressing human PAC1 receptors. 169G4.1 was selected from these studies for analysis of rat and human tissues and chimerized onto a mouse backbone to avoid human-on-human cross-reactivity. Immunoreactivity was compared to PAC1 receptor mRNA by in situ hybridization in both species.

Results

169G4.1 immunoreactivity delineated neuronal cell bodies in the sphenopalatine ganglion in both rat and human, whereas no staining was detected in the trigeminal ganglion. The spinal trigeminal nucleus in both species showed immunoreactivity as especially strong in the upper laminae with both cell bodies and neuropil being labelled. No immunoreactivity was seen in either rat or human dura mater vessels. In situ hybridization in both species revealed mRNA in sphenopalatine ganglion neurons and the spinal trigeminal nucleus, a weak signal in the trigeminal nucleus and no signal in dural vessels.

Conclusion

Taken together, these data support a role for PAC1 receptors in the trigemino-autonomic system as it relates to headache pathophysiology.
It keeps on turning: Effects of prolonged long-term left ventricular assist device support as a bridge to heart transplantation
Authors: Schmack Bastian , Grossekettler Leonie , Zeriouh Mohamed , Weymann Alexander , Mohite Prashant , Koch Achim , Ruhparwar Arjang , Simon Andre Ruediger , Sabashnikov Anton , Popov Aron Frederik
Published: December 2018

Objectives:

Increasing incidence of end-stage heart failure has moved the therapy with left ventricular assist devices to the forefront of surgical treatment. Moreover, continuous sophistication in this technology has resulted in increasing proportion of patients on prolonged support. Early and late complications after left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplantation and present factors associated with long-term support and long-term outcomes of patients supported for at least 1 year were compared.

Methods:

A total of 163 consecutive patients who underwent left ventricular assist device implantation as bridge to transplantation were included. A total of 79 patients were supported for at least 1 year (long-term support), whereas 84 patients were supported for less than 1 year (short-term group).

Results:

Factors associated with a successful long-term support were male gender (p < 0.001), cessation of smoking at least 6 months prior to surgery (p = 0.045), previous implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (p = 0.001) and rapid postoperative extubation (p = 0.018). Regarding echocardiographic parameters, higher left ventricular mass (p = 0.013) and larger left ventricular–end systolic (p = 0.008) and diastolic (p = 0.005) diameters prior to left ventricular assist device implantation were associated with long-term support. Short-term group showed higher mortality and higher proportion of patients who underwent device exchange due to device failure, and left ventricular assist device explantation for myocardial recovery was less frequent in the long-term support (p < 0.001). In addition, patients from the long-term support had significantly higher incidence of higher-grade aortic regurgitation (p = 0.005).

Conclusion:

Prolonged left ventricular assist device support as bridge to transplantation is associated with lower mortality and lower incidence of device failure requiring device exchange. However, long-term support reduces the chance of device explantation for myocardial recovery and increases the incidence of higher-grade aortic regurgitation in the follow-up.
Gender, Everyday Resistance and Bodily Integrity: Women’s Lives on Delhi Streets
Authors: Padgett Deborah K. , Priyam Prachi
Published: December 2018

Despite a dramatic increase in homelessness globally, little attention has been paid to the effects of gender and other identities on unsheltered women’s lives in non-Western contexts. Like their housed counterparts, homeless women in India live with gender norms such as female modesty, marriage, motherhood, and economic dependence. This ethnographic study focused on the lives and surrounding environment of 10 women sleeping rough in Delhi, India. The primary goal was to explore how they enact or subvert gender norms in maintaining bodily integrity and autonomy and the influence of intersectional identities in mediating such enactments. Findings show that allegiances to marriage and motherhood are moderated by exigency. Acts of “everyday resistance,” including sexual freedom, mobility, self-sufficiency, and self-defense, brought negative and positive consequences. Intersections of religion or caste with gender were less salient, thus underscoring the influence of gender. Similarities and differences are noted in comparing their experiences to those of other homeless women globally. Implications for social work practice include greater attention to gender and other structural barriers while working with homeless women seeking to rebuild their lives.
Preparation of reversible photoresponsive N-hydroxyethyl spiropyran/polyacrylonitrile fiber materials with mechanical stability by electrospinning for regulating wettability and humidity automatically
Authors: Wang Caifeng , Liu Zhenfu , Li Chunhao , Wu Yun , Wang Shuai
Published: December 2018

Novel photoresponsive N-hydroxyethyl spiropyran (SP-OH)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber materials with reversible changes in wettability and humidity were prepared by electrospinning in this work. SP-OH and PAN were mixed through a physical doping method. The wettability and humidity regulation of the electrospun films can be reversibly manipulated by the simple change of ultraviolet (UV)-visible (UV-Vis) light irradiation due to the photoisomerization mechanism of the spiropyran chromophore. Under UV light irradiation, SP-OH molecules exhibit a colored polar open-ring status, resulting in electrostatic attraction with water. However, under visible light irradiation, they are colorless and nonpolar and lose the attraction effect. Wettability and ambient humidity were regulated by this repeated transformation between polar surface and nonpolar surface. The tensile strength and the reversible change ranges of wettability and humidity under UV-Vis irradiation are all closely related to the doping amount of SP-OH. Electrospinning is a promising method to achieve large-scale production that can put such a material into practical application.
Studies on naphthalene and 1,2,3-triazole ring containing polyimides/zinc oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Balasubramanian Rukmanikrishnan , Kim Sam Soo , Lee Jaewoong
Published: December 2018

A novel diamine containing naphthalene and 1,2,3-triazole was synthesized by click reaction in the presence of Cu (I) catalyst. The synthesized diamine reacts with commercially available dianhydride and zinc oxide (ZnO) to form polyimide (PI) nanocomposites by a conventional two-step method. The structure of the monomers and polymers was characterized by Fourier transform infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The morphology of the PI and PI/ZnO nanocomposite films was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Meanwhile, due to the presence of a naphthalene side group, PI and PI/ZnO nanocomposite films possess high thermal stability, with a glass transition temperature over 259°C and a decomposition temperature with 5% weight loss over 501°C under nitrogen atmosphere. Also, low moisture absorption (0.28%) and good optical transparency were evident. The hybrid films possessed good mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 112–127 MPa, an elongation at break of 10–15%, and a tensile modulus of 2.8–3.2 GPa.
Mechanisms underlying gastroprotective effect of paeonol against indomethacin-induced ulcer in rats
Authors: Hafez HM , Morsy MA , Mohamed MZ , Zenhom NM
Published: December 2018

Paeonol, a natural phenolic compound, possesses diverse beneficial effects including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Gastric ulcer is still the most prevalent irritant illness among the gastrointestinal diseases. The present study explored the protective effect of paeonol at two dose levels in indomethacin (IND)-induced gastric ulcer in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were arranged into six groups: control, paeonol-treated, IND-treated, IND/paeonol (low and high doses)-treated, and ranitidine-treated groups. The oxidative status was evaluated by determining malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione content as well as hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene expressions, and the antioxidant protein; NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) immunostaining. The pro-inflammatory genes nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) were estimated together with the proapoptotic gene of caspase 3. IND caused multiple gastric ulcers with evident oxidative damage and elevated pro-inflammatory and proapoptotic markers. Paeonol protected significantly, in a dose-dependent manner, the gastric mucosa from ulcerative lesion of IND similar to the reference drug ranitidine. Paeonol pretreatment diminished gastric oxidative stress and restored the gastric antioxidant capacity by elevating gastric gene expression of HO-1 and protein expression of NQO1. Paeonol also reduced NF-κB, IL-1β, and caspase 3 gene expressions. In conclusion, paeonol offered a gastroprotection dependent on its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects.
The Hospitallers: From Land to Sea—An Examination of the Hospitallers’ Naval Activities in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
Authors: Bronstein Judith
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this article is to examine the regional and inter-Mediterranean deployment of the Hospitallers in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries and their use of port towns along the Mediterranean shores. These ports were essential for the communication between the Order’s headquarters in Jerusalem, and later in Acre, and its commanderies, for the shipment of goods and manpower, and for the Order’s involvement in regional and trans-Mediterranean trade. The article also examines changes made in the Order’s organisational structure, which resulted from the increasing dependence of the Hospitallers on a fleet. These are significant changes; they would eventually create the tools that enabled the Hospitallers to become a ‘maritime’ orientated Military Order, taking a leading role in the defence of the Eastern Mediterranean.
Multiple Faces of Democrats: Satisfaction with Democracy and Support for Democracy in Malawi
Authors: Chasukwa Michael
Published: December 2018

Matters of satisfaction with and support for democracy have been at the centre of discussion regarding the survival and quality of democracy in Africa since the early 1990s. While the dominant discourse claims that support for democracy keeps on increasing with time, African countries have somewhat deviated from this path. Thus, African countries have had decreasing levels of satisfaction with democracy and support for democracy since the third democratisation wave of the early 1990s. This article takes interest in the trends of satisfaction with democracy and support for democracy with the objective of explaining factors contributing to the undermining of the survival and quality of democracy. A mixed methods research design, using Afrobarometer survey data for four rounds and secondary data, is deployed to address issues pertaining to critical and satisfied democrats as raised in the article. The article finds that satisfaction with democracy and education are significant predictors of support for democracy in Malawi. It also establishes that critical democrats fight to make democracy work, albeit for their economic survival. The article argues that the survival and quality of democracy in Malawi is compromised by elite critical citizens who show commitment to democracy as a matter of principle when they are instrumentalists.
Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Pelvis: Institutional Case Series With a Focus on Distinctive Features
Authors: Sono Takashi , Ware Alisha D. , McCarthy Edward F. , James Aaron W.
Published: December 2018

Chondromyxoid fibroma (CMF) is a relatively uncommon benign bone tumor of cartilaginous differentiation. The primary pitfall in the histopathologic diagnosis of CMF is confusion with a high-grade chondrosarcoma, owing to the atypical stellate and spindled cells set within a chondromyxoid background. CMF is particularly challenging to diagnose within the pelvis, where clinical suspicion for chondrosarcoma is high and benign lesions may grow to a large size to occupy the pelvic bones. In our practice, we noted this difficulty in several consecutive cases, especially when older patients presented with CMF within the pelvis. This prompted an institutional retrospective case review of all CMF within the pelvis. In 10 cases, we found overall that CMF of pelvis occurred in an older age range (mean age = 48.6 years), was larger in size (mean size = 6.0 cm), and showed a higher rate of soft tissue extension (50%) as compared with prior reports of nonpelvic CMF. Typical histologic features of CMF were seen in all cases; however, a high frequency of dystrophic calcification (50%) and necrosis (30%) was observed. Of interest, these aggregate demographic, radiologic, and histologic findings are all consistent with a benign neoplasm that has grown undetected within the pelvis over a long period of time. Recognition of these differences between pelvic CMF and tumors involving other sites will aid in avoiding misdiagnosis of this uncommon entity.
Male Partner Contraceptive Interference: Associations With Destructive Conflict and Women’s Relational Power
Authors: Katz Jennifer , LaRose Jillian
Published: December 2018

We explored the relational context of male partner contraceptive interference (CI), acts that impede women’s contraceptive use. Undergraduate women ( N = 213) who had previously been involved in a sexual relationship with a male partner provided self-report data on relational power and conflict within the relationship, including whether the past partner enacted CI. Relationships involving CI were characterized by greater conflict about whether to engage in sex, perceived infidelity, partner conflict engagement, and women’s withdrawal. These quantitative data suggest that, in heterosexual dyads, women who experience partner CI also experience disempowerment and multiple forms of destructive sexual and verbal conflict.
A minimally invasive technique to remove broken cemented stems and its reconstruction with cement-in-cement
Authors: Burgo Federico J , Mengelle Diego E , Feijoo Maecelo , Autorino Carlos M
Published: December 2018

Introduction:

Historically the removal of fractured stems was associated with complex revision and loss of bone stock. This study describes a minimally invasive procedure for extraction of the distal part of a broken cemented stem that does not compromise the bone stock and results with the cement-in-cement reconstruction technique.

Materials and method:

7 patients with an average age of 74 years who underwent total hip replacement (THR) revision for fracture of femoral stems were included. The average follow-up was 8.7 years. For the removal of the distal fragment of the broken stem, a set of instruments have been manufactured using a coupling through the wrought of a thread over the fractured face of the stem. 6 cases were reconstructed using a cement-in-cement technique. In 1 case an extended trochanteric osteotomy was required.

Results:

There were no complications associated with the surgical technique. Early rehabilitation and standing were achieved in all patients at 48 hours postoperatively. No patient required a blood transfusion. No clinical or radiological loosening was detected at final follow-up.

Conclusions:

Different methods have been described for the extraction of distal fragments of a broken femoral stem. The majority include the use of femoral osteotomies, bone windows and knee arthrotomies. These techniques are associated with bone loss and bleeding. The advantages of the method described are, its low complexity, low-cost, accelerated functional recovery and the preservation of bone stock with the possibility of performing cement-in-cement reconstruction techniques.
NommPred: Prediction of Mitochondrial and Mitochondrion-Related Organelle Proteins of Nonmodel Organisms
Authors: Kume Keitaro , Amagasa Toshiyuki , Hashimoto Tetsuo , Kitagawa Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

To estimate the functions of mitochondria of diverse eukaryotic nonmodel organisms in which the mitochondrial proteomes are not available, it is necessary to predict the protein sequence features of the mitochondrial proteins computationally. Various prediction methods that are trained using the proteins of model organisms belonging particularly to animals, plants, and fungi exist. However, such methods may not be suitable for predicting the proteins derived from nonmodel organisms because the sequence features of the mitochondrial proteins of diversified nonmodel organisms can differ from those of model organisms that are present only in restricted parts of the tree of eukaryotes. Here, we proposed NommPred, which predicts the mitochondrial proteins of nonmodel organisms that are widely distributed over eukaryotes. We used a gradient boosting machine to develop 2 predictors—one for predicting the proteins of mitochondria and the other for predicting the proteins of mitochondrion-related organelles that are highly reduced mitochondria. The performance of both predictors was found to be better than that of the best method available.
Two diverging paths toward a common destination: The dialogism of Vygotsky and Bakhtin
Authors: Eun Barohny
Published: December 2018

A search for a distinctive human trait was a common intellectual quest during the beginning of the 20th century. Consciousness was often discussed as the unique feature of humanness and Vygotsky and Bakhtin joined in the debate with their unique contributions to understanding human consciousness. The purpose of the current paper is to present the contributions of Vygotsky and Bakhtin as grounded in the common framework of dialogism. Within this general framework of dialogism, the specific approaches each scholar undertook differ and reflect their underlying differences in worldviews. The dialogism of Vygotsky is characterized as dialectical and Bakhtin’s dialogism is represented as mainly polyphonic. The diverging viewpoints within a common framework have the potential to enrich our understanding of human consciousness as they complement each other.
Psychological distress in relatives of critically ill patients: Risk and protective factors
Authors: Gil-Juliá Beatriz , Bernat-Adell M Desamparados , Collado-Boira Eladio Joaquín , Molés Julio María Pilar , Ballester-Arnal Rafael
Published: December 2018

The admission to an intensive care unit can result in a significant burden of emotional distress in the family. This study analyzes the psychological distress of 89 relatives of intensive care unit patients and the potential risk/protective factors for such distress. Families show high levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Regarding risk factors, having steady partner, being a woman, and being a mother are associated with increased risk of anxiety, depression, and stress. Contrarily, being younger and having higher educational level are associated with reduced anxiety and stress. Influencing these trends could change positively the suffering course experienced by relatives and intensive care unit patients indirectly.
Feminine famishment: Graphic medicine and anorexia nervosa
Authors: Venkatesan Sathyaraj , Peter Anu Mary
Published: December 2018

Socio-cultural rigidities regarding the shape and size of a woman’s body have not only created an urgency to refashion themselves according to a range of set standards but also generated an infiltrating sense of body dissatisfaction and poor self-esteem leading to eating disorders. Interestingly, through an adept utilisation of the formal strengths of the medium of comics, many graphic medical anorexia narratives offer insightful elucidations on the question of how the female body is not merely a biological construction, but a biocultural construction too. In this context, by drawing theoretical postulates from Susan Bordo, David Morris and other theoreticians of varying importance, and by close reading Lesley Fairfield’s Tyranny and Katie Green’s Lighter than My Shadow, this article considers anorexia as the bodily manifestation of a cultural malady by analysing how cultural attitudes regarding body can be potential triggers of eating disorders in girls. Furthermore, this article also investigates why comics is the appropriate medium to provide a nuanced representation of the corporeal complications and socio-cultural intricacies of anorexia.
Creating a meaningful everyday life: Perceptions of relatives of people with dementia and healthcare professionals in the context of a Danish dementia village
Authors: Peoples Hanne , Pedersen Line Friis , Moestrup Lene
Published: December 2018

Background

The world’s aging population contributes to an increase in people living with dementia, which is perceived as one of the main causes of disability and dependency for older people. The first dementia village in Denmark was established in 2015, with the intention of providing a safe and meaningful everyday life for people with dementia. The purpose of the study was to explore the way in which relatives of people with dementia and healthcare professionals create and maintain a meaningful everyday life for the residents in a Danish dementia village.

Methods

A methodology for user involvement in public service development and evaluation called ‘The BIKVA methodology’ was used followed by a thematic analysis. A purposive sample of 32 participants took part in the study.

Results

The analysis revealed one main theme, ‘Enabling a familiar and meaningful everyday life in the dementia village’, with three corresponding subthemes, reflecting the way in which relatives of people with dementia and healthcare professionals create and maintain a meaningful everyday life for the residents in a Danish dementia village.

Conclusion

The findings showed that relatives of people with dementia and healthcare professionals were committed to creating and maintaining a meaningful everyday life for the residents, but also revealed different understandings of when, where, and how this could be understood and best be achieved. Furthermore, people with advanced dementia may not be able to benefit from the activities and possibilities provided by the dementia village, since this required resources beyond what could be provided.
PRELUDE Prospective Study of the Serranator Device in the Treatment of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Superficial Femoral and Popliteal Arteries
Authors: Holden Andrew , Hill Andrew , Walker Andrew , Buckley Brendan , Merrilees Stephen , Nowakowski Przemysław , Krzanowski Marek , Brodmann Marianne
Published: December 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Serranator Alto PTA Serration Balloon Catheter in subjects with peripheral artery disease in the superficial femoral and popliteal arteries. Materials and Methods: A prospective, multicenter, single-arm feasibility study enrolled 25 patients (mean age 66 years; 18 men) to evaluate Serranator inflation and postinflation effects under monitoring by independent core laboratories. Inclusion criteria were claudication or ischemic rest pain, de novo lesions or native artery restenosis, >70% stenosis, lesion length <10 cm, and a reference vessel diameter of 4 to 6 mm. Chronic total occlusions (CTO) up to 6 cm in length were allowed (n=8). The primary safety endpoint was 30-day major adverse events. Primary efficacy outcome was device success with final diameter stenosis <50%. The secondary objective was to confirm the presence of serrations across the lesions using optical coherence tomography (OCT) or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) following treatment in a subset of 10 subjects. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 30 days and 6 months. Results: Technical success of device delivery and retrieval was 100%. The primary safety endpoint was met, with no patients experiencing a major adverse event in the first 30 days. Pretreatment stenosis of 88% was reduced to 23%. One stent was implanted for grade D dissection in a CTO. The core laboratory–adjudicated primary patency was 100% at 1 month and 64% at 6 months. Serrations were confirmed in all 10 OCT/IVUS images reviewed by the core laboratory. The Rutherford category showed significant and sustained improvement at 6 months. Conclusion: The Serranator is a safe and efficacious angioplasty balloon catheter system. This new design provides an exciting potential for optimizing vessel preparation and aiding drug delivery.
Body Involvement in Video Gaming as a Support for Physical and Cognitive Learning
Authors: Besombes Nicolas , Maillot Pauline
Published: December 2018

Despite a steady increase in the social visibility of video games in all spheres of daily life, persistent preconceived ideas about video games reveal a tendency to focus on either their positive or negative values, especially concerning the place of the player’s body. First, this article questions the different degrees of bodily involvement in the practice of video games according to the different types of games and the mechanisms that allow the player to learn the games’ gesture patterns. Then, the objective is to study the effects of video gaming on the physical, psychological, and social dimensions of the player and to identify potential correlations between bodily involvement and health benefit. Indeed, bodily involvement translates into physical engagement, and sometimes motor expertise as required by the game, but also into the mobilization of the player’s cognitive and interactive resources with the video game devices.
From preachers to comedians: Ideal types of hate speakers in Brazil
Authors: Sponholz Liriam , Christofoletti Rogério
Published: December 2018

This article attempts to develop a theoretical framework in order to understand how the media system has been enabling public figures to use hate speech to enhance their media prominence. The current scenario in Brazil, shaped by a high concentration of (private) media ownership, an economic crisis, deep political polarization, distrust of democracy and the right turn, provides a privileged case for analysing it. In this scenario, public figures preach violence against homosexuals on TV. Black people are insulted and compared to monkeys. Based on Max Weber’s ideal types and Bourdieu’s concept of symbolic capital, four ideal types have been identified: the hate preacher, the right-wing populist, the media polemicist and the intolerant comedian. The analysis makes it evident that hate speakers tend to be ‘backbenchers’ who guarantee their media prominence (or ‘capital’) through a strongly commercialized media system, particularly on TV and the Internet.
Going deeper: Social media use and the development of democratic attitudes in Latin America
Authors: Salzman Ryan
Published: December 2018

The deepening of democracy in developing regions requires that individuals support their political systems not only through democratic behaviours but also through the continual strengthening of democratic attitudes. Traditional news media have long held a favoured position when it comes to understanding democracy. Now social media has emerged as a new and exciting communication technology. This project explores social media use and the unique way in which media affect Latin Americans’ attitudes. Empirical analysis of survey data from eight Latin American states supports social media as a ‘public sphere’ where participants hold attitudes that are more democratic, separable from traditional media as well as general Internet use.
The pragmatic-semiotic construction of male identities in contemporary advertising of male grooming products
Authors: Del Saz-Rubio Mª Milagros
Published: December 2018

This article aims to unveil how male identities are constructed in a corpus of male toiletry TV ads through a pragmatic and multimodal analysis of a set of implicit assumptions conveyed about the male participants in the ads. The validity of these assumptions is first empirically tested with a group of 10 male informants and then those implied meanings are bundled into thematic cores for their qualitative and quantitative description. Findings reveal that these ads still rely on stereotypical constructs and traditional discourses of what it takes to be a man. For example, men are invited to consume grooming products but reminded to do it the men’s way. Men are also reminded of their sexual power to seduce and attract women with the aid of the product. Likewise, by portraying male ad personae in traditional manly activities while emphasizing their toughness and body strength, or their resourcefulness when faced with challenging situations, the ads portray a rather skewed view of contemporary men, which fails to take into account the myriad roles a modern man can play in contemporary societies.
Patients’ perceptions of participation: Pilot validation study of the FI-PPRQ questionnaire in Finnish primary healthcare settings
Authors: Paukkonen Leila , Kankkunen Päivi , Kreuter Margareta , Pietilä Anna-Maija
Published: December 2018

Patient participation is is a highly valued goal within healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a Finnish version of the Participation in Rehabilitation Questionnaire (FI-PPRQ) developed to measure patients’ perceptions of the importance and their experience of participation in care. The original PPRQ was translated from Swedish into Finnish, then subjected to psychometric pilot testing using data acquired in a cross-sectional survey with a sample of adult patients in eight primary healthcare units (n = 88). The importance and experience ratings were evaluated separately, by calculating distributions of item and scale scores, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and correlations between items and scales. In addition, experience ratings were subjected to exploratory factor and multi-trait scaling analyses. The results of this study support the validity and reliability of the instrument for use in clinical settings to provide information about patient participation. However, further studies are needed with more varied settings.
Association of IL-1β polymorphisms and plasma levels with chronic heart failure: A case-control study in Chinese patients
Authors: Ji Yuan , Ge Jiyong , Li Xun
Published: December 2018

Heart failure (HF) has been major health concern affecting 1%–2% of world adult population. Role of various cytokines in chronic heart failure (CHF) have been demonstrated in different populations; however, association of an important cytokine, interleukin-1β (IL-β), is poorly documented. Furthermore, polymorphism in promoter region is shown to be linked with cytokines levels. In this study, we explored plasma levels of IL-1β in healthy controls (HCs) and different clinical categories of CHF and association of common IL-1β promoter variants with susceptibility to development of HF. In all, 354 CHF patients admitted to Department of Cardiology at the first affiliated hospital of Soochow University were enrolled in this study. These patients were further clinically sub-categorized into New York Heart Association (NYHA)-I to IV based on NYHA criteria. A total of 77 HCs were included in the current investigation. Plasma levels of IL-1β were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and common promoter gene polymorphisms in IL-1β gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). CHF patients displayed higher plasma IL-1β compared to HCs. Interestingly, plasma levels of IL-1β were associated with severity of HF patients: NYHA-IV had highest levels, and least quantity was noticed in NYHA-I cases. Prevalence of heterozygous and homozygous mutant for C-511T polymorphisms were significantly higher in CHF patients when compared to HCs. Importantly, these observations remained valid for NYHA-III and IV sub-groups in comparison to controls. Elevated plasma levels of IL-1β were observed in 511 mutants (CT and TT) than wild type (CC), indicating important function variants determining plasma levels of cytokine in both controls and patients. In conclusion, IL-1β (C-511T) variants are associated with elevated plasma IL-1β and predisposed to severe chronic HF in Chinese.
Transitioning Through Emerging Adulthood and Physical Health Implications
Authors: Barlett Christopher P. , Barlett Natalie D. , Chalk Holly McCartney
Published: December 2018

Emerging adulthood represents a developmental period marked by many life transitions as 18- to 29-year-olds leave adolescence to adulthood. Some individuals can successfully navigate through this transitional period, whereas others may struggle. Past research has shown individual differences in the perceptions of the (un)success of emerging adulthood transition can predict mental health outcomes; however, there is a paucity of studies testing physical health outcomes. Emerging adult participants ( N > 2,000) completed measures of emerging adulthood, stress, sex, and somatic physical health symptoms, and results showed that the perceptions of emerging adulthood dimensions representative of an unsuccessful transition (negativity/instability) positively predicted stress and somatic physical health concerns, but positive emerging adulthood transition dimensions (experimentation/possibilities) negatively predicted these outcomes. Further, stress mediated the simple relationships between the aforementioned emerging adulthood dimensions and physical health symptoms. Finally, despite sex differences in all measured variables, participant sex did not moderate these overall relationships.
Student Assessment of Venture Creation Courses in Entrepreneurship Higher Education—An Interdisciplinary Literature Review and Practical Case Analysis
Authors: Wenninger Helena
Published: December 2018

Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is growing and considered to support many beneficial economic and personal developments. This article aims to enrich the scarce research on student assessment in EE, because assessment is a powerful tool to motivate and encourage students to engage in and experiment with venture creation activities even when they have no initial intrinsic motivation in entrepreneurial practice. First, EE research and assessment literature from related disciplines were analyzed. Second, the derived results have been used to redesign student assessment in an undergraduate venture creation course. Lessons learnt—what worked well and what did not work well—are discussed. The results indicate that more innovative assessment formats are needed because they are best suited for action-based, experiential, and learning-by-doing (ABELD) venture creation courses. An enriched pool of assessors, peer feedback as well as reflective self-assessment, and a shift to formative and process-oriented assessment are promising student assessment methods in this context, because they account better for ambiguous entrepreneurial real-life situations. However, educators’ resources should be taken into account. The article contributes to our understanding of student assessment of venture creation courses in EE in higher education and offers practical recommendations for educators.
Regulatory and Risk Management Issues Arising in the Context of Experiential Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Malach Sandra E. , Malach Robert L.
Published: December 2018

The Start a Business Assignment forms part of the experiential entrepreneurship curriculum in numerous universities. A lack of awareness of potential liabilities can create liability for students and the university from problems arising while operating businesses. Losses or damages potentially arise from both regulatory infractions and potential injuries to third parties. A lack of knowledge and understanding of the legal obligations imposed upon business operations threatens the learning experience. This article seeks to identify liability risks to the universities and faculty that can result from an improperly planned and supervised Start a Business Assignment. A clearer understanding of the legal issues that can arise will be helpful in supporting the safe growth and ongoing health of experiential entrepreneurship programming. Our aim is to support experiential entrepreneurship learning by concluding with a suggestion as to how these assignments can be managed in a manner that minimizes associated risks and adds to the student experience. Many of the legal principles have broad application, but it is critical to recognize that each city, state, and country's laws and their interpretation thereof may vary. Furthermore, the unique parameters of each Start a Business Assignment will affect the risks arising from regulatory and legal compliance.
Entrepreneurial Socialization and Psychological Capital: Cross-Cultural and Multigroup Analyses of Impact of Mentoring, Optimism, and Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intentions
Authors: Baluku Martin M. , Matagi Leonsio , Musanje Khamisi , Kikooma Julius Fred , Otto Kathleen
Published: December 2018

This study demonstrates that psychological capital is essential in the process of developing and strengthening entrepreneurial intentions. We specifically investigate the mediating roles of optimism and self-efficacy facets of psychological capital in the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring and intentions. The study was conducted among 1,272 young persons from Germany and East Africa (Uganda and Kenya). These included 784 final year university students and 488 wage employed. A multigroup analysis was applied to test for the effects of employment status and country differences. Results indicate that mentoring, optimism, and self-efficacy are positively correlated with entrepreneurial intentions. Findings also supported the hypothesized-mediated mediation model that mentoring impacts on entrepreneurial intentions through optimism and self-efficacy. The association of entrepreneurial mentoring on intentions was higher among the Germany participants than in the East African sample as well as among the students compared with employed individuals. Practical and theoretical implications of our findings are discussed.
The far-reaching implications of Montgomery for risk disclosure in practice
Authors: Devaney Sarah , Purshouse Craig , Cave Emma , Heywood Rob , Miola José , Reinach Nina
Published: December 2018

The UK Supreme Court held in Montgomery v Lanarkshire HB (2015) that practitioners must take reasonable care to ensure patients are aware of any material risks involved in treatment. We reviewed all court decisions since Montgomery which deal with the case, to establish how this judgment is being interpreted by the courts and the implications of this for risk disclosure in practice. We found that Montgomery’s application has been expanded in a number of ways: information about reasonable alternatives includes the provision of information about their risks and benefits; Montgomery applies to post- as well as pre-operative disclosure; and the timing of discussion with patients about risks is important. Conversely, there is evidence that the parameters of Montgomery are being curtailed, giving rise to questions about judicial commitment to patient autonomy. In some cases there is focus on the objective risks of procedures as opposed to patients’ subjective concerns; in others, causation of injury is sometimes a factor that will defeat claims. There are also further questions about whether patients now should accept more responsibility for the outcome of decisions they make. We conclude that practitioners engaged in discussions about the risks of proposed treatments and their alternatives have been left in a position of uncertainty by the courts in relation to the obtaining of informed consent in practice. It is now critical that updated guidance is provided by the UK General Medical Council to give practitioners and service providers confidence that they are adhering to the law.
Three-dimensional movements of the pectoral fin during yaw turns in the Pacific spiny dogfish,Squalus suckleyi
Authors: Hoffmann Sarah L. , Donatelli Cassandra D. , Leigh Samantha C. , Brainerd Elizabeth L. , Porter Marianne E.
Published: December 2018

Fish pectoral fins move in complex ways, acting as control surfaces to affect force balance during swimming and maneuvering. Though objectively less dynamic than their actinopterygian relatives, shark pectoral fins undergo complex conformational changes and movements during maneuvering. Asynchronous pectoral fin movement is documented during yaw turning in at least two shark species but the three-dimensional (3D) rotation of the fin about the body axes is unknown. We quantify the 3D actuation of the pectoral fin base relative to the body axes. We hypothesized that Pacific spiny dogfish rotate pectoral fins with three degrees of freedom relative to the body during volitional turning. The pectoral fin on the inside of the turn is consistently protracted, supinated, and depressed. Additionally, turning angular velocity increased with increasing fin rotation. Estimated drag on the fin increased and the shark decelerated during turning. Based on these findings, we propose that Pacific spiny dogfish uses drag-based turning during volitional swimming. Post-mortem muscle stimulation revealed depression, protraction, and supination of the pectoral fin through stimulation of the ventral and cranial pterygoideus muscles. These data confirm functional hypotheses about pectoral fin musculature and suggest that Pacific spiny dogfish actively rotate pectoral fins to facilitate drag-based turning.
Deubiquitylase USP9X maintains centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing pericentriolar material 1 protein
Authors: Han Ke-Jun , Wu Zhiping , Pearson Chad G. , Peng Junmin , Song Kunhua , Liu Chang-Wei
Published: December 2018

Centriolar satellites are small cytoplasmic granules that play important roles in regulating the formation of centrosomes and primary cilia. Ubiquitylation of satellite proteins, including the core satellite scaffold protein pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1), regulates centriolar satellite integrity. Currently, deubiquitylases that control centriolar satellite integrity have not been identified. In this study, we find that the deubiquitylase USP9X binds PCM1, and antagonizes PCM1 ubiquitylation to protect it from proteasomal degradation. Knockdown of USP9X in human cell lines reduces PCM1 protein levels, disrupts centriolar satellite particles and causes localization of satellite proteins, such as CEP290, to centrosomes. Interestingly, knockdown of mindbomb 1 (MIB1), a ubiquitin ligase that promotes PCM1 ubiquitylation and degradation, in USP9X-depleted cells largely restores PCM1 protein levels and corrects defects caused by the loss of USP9X. Overall, our study reveals that USP9X is a constituent of centriolar satellites and functions to maintain centriolar satellite integrity by stabilizing PCM1.
Upf1 regulates neurite outgrowth and branching by transcriptional and post-transcriptional modulation of Arc
Authors: Ryu Hye Guk , Seo Ji-Young , Jung Youngseob , Kim Sung Wook , Kim Eunah , Jang Sung Key , Kim Kyong-Tai
Published: December 2018

A large number of neuronal proteins must show correct spatiotemporal localization in order to carry out their critical functions. The mRNA transcript for the somatodendritic protein activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc; also known as Arg3.1) contains two conserved introns in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR), and was proposed to be a natural target for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). However, a well-known NMD component Upf1 has differential roles in transcriptional and translational regulation of Arc gene expression. Specifically, Upf1 suppresses Arc transcription by enhancing destabilization of mRNAs encoding various transcription factors, including Mef2a. Upf1 also binds to the Arc 3′UTR, resulting in suppression of translation. Surprisingly, the Arc transcript escapes from Upf1-mediated NMD by binding to Ago2 (also known as miRISC), which blocks NMD and further suppresses Arc mRNA translation. Upf1 knockdown triggered sustained Arc expression, which contributes to Cofilin (also known as Cfl1) hyperphosphorylation and abnormal neuronal outgrowth and branching. Collectively, these data reveal that multiple levels of Upf1-mediated inhibition of Arc gene expression may allow neurons to more effectively respond to changes in neuronal activity.
Association of JJ stent insertion and sexual function: A cohort study
Authors: Fawzi Rizky , Ali Zulfikar
Published: December 2018

Background: Indonesia is known as one of the world’s stone belt areas in Asia. Management of urolithiasis cannot be separated with the role of JJ stent insertion. However, a limited number of prior studies show that a patient with JJ stent is at risk for sexual function disorder. This study aims to evaluate the association of JJ stent insertion with sexual function, both in men and women.

Methods: This is a cohort study and the subjects were patients who had undergone JJ stent insertion in July - November 2017 at Kardinah Regional Hospital, Tegal, Central Java. This study was approved by the Research Ethic Committee of Kardinah Hospital (#445/3840/2017). Data were taken using standardized self-administered questionnaires before and after insertion of the JJ stent. Male sexual function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score, while female sexual function was assessed using Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).

Result: 60 male patients, with a mean of age 51.1 + 10.6 years, and 33 female patients, with mean of age 49.6 + 10.6 years old, underwent JJ stent insertion. A significant association was found in women before and after JJ stent insertion (p<0.05), with FSFI score 23.62 + 0.64 before insertion and 16.7 + 0.52 after insertion. A similar result was also found in men with total IIEF score 49.55 + 2.3 before JJ stent insertion and 38.4 + 1.7 after insertion.

Conclusion: This study confirms that JJ stent insertion may cause a disturbance of sexual function. However, the mechanism is not clear yet.
Aerodynamics of industrial buildings: aerodynamic calculations in the design of ventilation emissions
Authors: Самсонов Владимир , Samsonov Vladimir
Published: December 2018

Recommendations, methods and dependences necessary for calculation of wind impact on industrial buildings and for design of ventilation processes taking into account the aerodynamic situation on the site are given in a systematic form. Calculation methods and recommendations are based on the results of the author's own theoretical and experimental studies.
The main sections are devoted to the methods of calculation and construction of boundaries of circulation zones in buildings of any architectural form and their structural elements; calculation of spatial characteristics of air flows; construction of trajectories of emission torches propagating in a complex aerodynamic situation, and concentration fields created by different sources. Recommendations on the calculation of wind pressure on buildings with a single and group their location are given. The influence of the turbulent environment of industrial premises on the characteristics of air currents and the efficiency of localizing devices is considered.
All sections give detailed examples of calculations.
For a wide range of specialists.