bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multitemporal Analysis of Land Cover Changes in Areas with Contrasted Forest Management and Conservation Policies in Northern Mexico
Authors: Sandoval-García Rufino , Rascón-Solano Joel , Alanís-Rodríguez Eduardo , García-García Samuel , Sigala José A. , Aguirre-Calderón Oscar
Published: September 2024

This study evaluates and contrasts changes in vegetation cover over three decades in two forest areas in the State of Chihuahua in northern Mexico with different management statuses: one with sustainable forest management and the other protected as a Flora and Fauna Protection Area. The hypothesis proposed that both areas would have maintained or increased their vegetation cover since 1995. Satellite images from the periods 1995–2008, 2008–2014, 2014–2022, and 1995–2022 were analyzed. The results showed that Ejido El Largo y Anexos significantly increased forest areas and reduced grasslands due to sustainable management practices, with a notable expansion of pine–oak and pine forests. In contrast, the Tutuaca Flora and Fauna Protection Area experienced a notable loss of oak and oak–pine forests, suggesting ineffectiveness in its conservation policies. However, there was less loss in Douglas Fir forests, indicating some effective protection efforts. The comparison reveals opposing dynamics: while Ejido El Largo y Anexos demonstrates success in sustainable management, the Tutuaca Flora and Fauna Protection Area faces conservation challenges. In conclusion, this study highlights the need for active management approaches to maintain ecosystem cover and functionality.
Optimizing Autonomous UAV Navigation with D* Algorithm for Sustainable Development
Authors: Suanpang Pannee , Jamjuntr Pitchaya
Published: September 2024

Autonomous navigation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has emerged as a critical enabler in various industries, from agriculture, delivery services, and surveillance to search and rescue operations. However, navigating UAVs in dynamic and unknown environments remains a formidable challenge. This paper explores the application of the D* algorithm, a prominent path-planning method rooted in artificial intelligence and widely used in robotics, alongside comparisons with other algorithms, such as A* and RRT*, to augment autonomous navigation capabilities in UAVs’ implication for sustainability development. The core problem addressed herein revolves around enhancing UAV navigation efficiency, safety, and adaptability in dynamic environments. The research methodology involves the integration of the D* algorithm into the UAV navigation system, enabling real-time adjustments and path planning that account for dynamic obstacles and evolving terrain conditions. The experimentation phase unfolds in simulated environments designed to mimic real-world scenarios and challenges. Comprehensive data collection, rigorous analysis, and performance evaluations paint a vivid picture of the D* algorithm’s efficacy in comparison to other navigation methods, such as A* and RRT*. Key findings indicate that the D* algorithm offers a compelling solution, providing UAVs with efficient, safe, and adaptable navigation capabilities. The results demonstrate a path planning efficiency improvement of 92%, a 5% reduction in collision rates, and an increase in safety margins by 2.3 m. This article addresses certain challenges and contributes by demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the D* algorithm, alongside comparisons with A* and RRT*, in enhancing autonomous UAV navigation and advancing aerial systems. Specifically, this study provides insights into the strengths and limitations of each algorithm, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners in selecting the most suitable path-planning approach for their UAV applications. The implications of this research extend far and wide, with potential applications in industries such as agriculture, surveillance, disaster response, and more for sustainability.
Factors Affecting the Indoor Air Quality and Occupants’ Thermal Comfort in Urban Agglomeration Regions in the Hot and Humid Climate of Pakistan
Authors: Haroon Muhammad Usama , Ozarisoy Bertug , Altan Hasim
Published: September 2024

The World Air Quality Index indicates that Pakistan ranks as the third most polluted country, regarding the average (Particulate Matter) PM2.5 concentration, which is 14.2 times higher than the World Health Organization’s annual air quality guideline. It is crucial to implement a program aimed at reducing PM2.5 levels in Pakistan’s urban areas. This review paper highlights the importance of indoor air pollution in urban regions such as Lahore, Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi, and Karachi, while also considering the effects of outdoor air temperature on occupants’ thermal comfort. The study aims to evaluate past methodological approaches to enhance indoor air quality in buildings. The main research question is to address whether there are statistical correlations between the PM2.5 and the operative air temperature and whether other indoor climatic variables have an impact on the thermal comfort assessment in densely built urban agglomeration regions in Pakistan. A systematic review analysis method was employed to investigate the effects of particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon oxides (COx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on residents’ health. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) protocol guided the identification of key terms and the extraction of cited studies. The literature review incorporated a combination of descriptive research methods to inform the research context regarding both ambient and indoor air quality, providing a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding air pollution and its mitigation in various global contexts. The study found a marginally significant relationship between the PM2.5 operative air temperature and occupants’ overall temperature satisfaction, Ordinal Regression (OR) = 0.958 (95%—Confidence Interval (CI) [0.918, 1.000]), p = 0.050, Nagelkerke − Regression (R2) = 0.042. The study contributes to research on the development of an evidence-based thermal comfort assessment benchmark criteria for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Global Thermal Comfort Database version 2.1.
The Effect of Increasing Thread Depth on the Initial Stability of Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Cucinelli Chiara , Pereira Miguel Silva , Borges Tiago , Figueiredo Rui , Leitão-Almeida Bruno
Published: September 2024

Background: The long-term success of dental implants largely depends on achieving primary stability, previously described as crucial to obtaining osseointegration and immediate loading protocol requirements. Implant thread depths seem to be one of the key factors influencing primary stability, particularly in low-density bone. Insertion torque (IT) and resonance frequency analysis (RFA) are considered the most reliable tests to assess primary stability. The aim of this work was to evaluate how different thread depths of commercially available dental implants affect primary stability in low-density D3 bone. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was carried out between February 2024 and March 2024. Twenty-four dental implants were divided into four groups (six implants each) according to their thread depths (Group A: 4 mm, Group B: 4.5 mm, Group C: 5 mm, Group D: 5.5 mm) and were inserted in D3-type artificial bone blocks. The main outcome variables were the IT and the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) measured in four different areas of the implant (buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal) with an Osstel® ISQ reader. Descriptive and inferential analyses of the data were performed, and the significance value was set at 5%. Results: A total of 24 implants were analyzed. The highest IT values were obtained in Group D, with a mean of 54.03 Ncm (standard deviation (SD) = 8.99), while the lowest measurements were observed in Group A (mean = 25.12; SD: 2.96 N.cm). The mean ISQ values were consistently higher in Group D for each analyzed area, with a mean of 70.13 N.cm (SD = 1.12). Conclusions: Taking into consideration the limitations of this in vitro study, greater thread depths seem to increase the primary stability of dental implants placed in soft bone. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between all IT and ISQ values, regardless of the thread depth.
Generalized Choi–Davis–Jensen’s Operator Inequalities and Their Applications
Authors: Chang Shih Yu , Wei Yimin
Published: September 2024

The original Choi–Davis–Jensen’s inequality, known for its extensive applications in various scientific and engineering fields, has inspired researchers to pursue its generalizations. In this study, we extend the Choi–Davis–Jensen’s inequality by introducing a nonlinear map instead of a normalized linear map and generalize the concept of operator convex functions to include any continuous function defined within a compact region. Notably, operators can be matrices with structural symmetry, enhancing the scope and applicability of our results. The Stone–Weierstrass theorem and the Kantorovich function play crucial roles in the formulation and proof of these generalized Choi–Davis–Jensen’s inequalities. Furthermore, we demonstrate an application of this generalized inequality in the context of statistical physics.
Integrating Order Splitting and Acceptance with Batch Delivery in Parallel Machine Scheduling
Authors: Cui Hanxing , Zhao Qilan , Wang Huanhuan , Guo Yuliang , Guo Junjie
Published: September 2024

Multiple production lines can work together to efficiently manufacture certain products. Thus, when capacity is insufficient, it is necessary to decide whether to develop new production lines to ensure the timely completion of all orders. For example, running a new production line for a small number of orders is not cost-effective. Therefore, decision-making involves choosing between paying tardiness costs for a few orders, abandoning some orders, or developing new production lines to maximize efficiency. Additionally, the timely transportation of completed orders is crucial and depends on vehicle usage efficiency. From a transportation perspective, fully loading vehicles is the most efficient, but this may impact the timeliness of orders, leading to potential tardiness costs. By comprehensively considering these aspects, a multi-machine production model is constructed that incorporates transportation batch sequences and uses heuristic algorithms to solve the problem. Finally, designed case examples validate the effectiveness of the model and algorithm.
Eleven-Year Report of High Number of Diphtheria Cases in Children in East Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Husada Dominicus , Hartini Yustika , Nuringhati Kalista Wahyu , Tindage Sandy Grace , Mustikasari Rahma Ira , Kartina Leny , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Basuki Parwati S. , Moedjito Ismoedijanto , Zumaroh Zumaroh , Susanto Hugeng , Wulandari Wahyu , Anggraini Sulvy Dwi , Triyono Erwin Astha
Published: September 2024

A high incidence of diphtheria cases in children in East Java province, Indonesia, has been observed since the beginning of this century. Despite many efforts, the outbreaks continue. This study aims to explain the high incidence of diphtheria in children in East Java province since 2013. This cross-sectional surveillance report-based study used data from 38 districts in East Java since 1 January 2013. Collected data included demographics, clinical information, additional examinations, immunization history, and close contact management. Over eleven years, there were 4009 diphtheria patients, of whom 2921 (72.86%) were under 18 years of age. Boys (59.77%) outnumbered girls, and the most common age category was >60–144 months (51.66%). Most cases had incomplete or zero immunization (76.16%). Tonsillopharyngeal diphtheria was the most common type (69.60%). The five top districts with the most cases were Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Kabupaten Blitar, Kota Malang, and Kabupaten Malang. The eleven-year case fatality rate (CFR) was 2.36% (69/2921). This study shows that diphtheria cases in children and adolescents in East Java have consistently been high, and low immunization coverage might still be the leading cause. There has also been a shift in the district distribution. Diphtheria outbreaks require complete and sustainable efforts, not just outbreak response immunizations.
ddPCR for the Detection and Absolute Quantification of Oropouche Virus
Authors: Pomari Elena , Matucci Andrea , Accordini Silvia , Mantovani Rebeca Passarelli , Gianesini Natasha , Mori Antonio , Castilletti Concetta
Published: September 2024

Background: Oropouche virus (OROV) is a segmented RNA virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus in the family Peribunyaviridae. Herein, an in-house droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was used for the detection and quantification of OROV. Methods: The ddPCR reaction was assessed as duplex assay using the human housekeeping gene RPP30. Limit of detection (LoD) analysis was performed in whole blood, serum, and urine. The assay was executed on a total of 28 clinical samples (whole blood n = 9, serum n = 11, and urine n = 8), of which 16 specimens were tested positive at the routine molecular diagnostics (endpoint and real-time PCRs). Results: The LoD of the ddPCR performed using 10-fold serial dilution of OROV detected up to 1 cp/µL in all the biological matrices. Compared to the routine molecular diagnostics, the ddPCR assay showed 100% sensitivity for whole blood and serum and 75% for urine, highlighting higher positive rate of ddPCR. Conclusion: We have established a quantitative RNA detection method of OROV with high sensitivity and specificity based on ddPCR. This test is capable of quantitatively monitoring the viral load of OROV and can contribute, in addition to laboratory diagnosis, to shed light on the pathogenesis, filling in the knowledge gaps of this neglected disease and to the vector control programs.
Retrospective Analyses of Porcine Circovirus Type 3 (PCV-3) in Switzerland
Authors: Rosato Giuliana , Makoni Grace Makanaka , Cobos Àlex , Sibila Marina , Segalés Joaquim , Marti Hanna , Prähauser Barbara , Seehusen Frauke
Published: September 2024

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV-3) has emerged as a significant pathogen affecting global swine populations, yet its epidemiology and clinical implications remain incompletely understood. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and histopathological features of PCV-3 infection in pigs from Switzerland, focusing on archival cases of suckling and weaner piglets presenting with suggestive lesions. An in-house qPCR assay was developed for detecting PCV-3 in frozen and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues, enhancing the national diagnostic capabilities. Histopathological reassessment identified PCV-3 systemic disease (PCV-3-SD) compatible lesions in 19 (6%) of archival cases, with 47% testing positive by qPCR across various organs. Notably, vascular lesions predominated, particularly in mesenteric arteries, heart, and kidneys. The study confirms the presence of PCV-3 in Switzerland since at least 2020, marking the first documented cases within the Swiss swine population. Despite challenges in in situ hybridization validation due to prolonged formalin fixation, the findings indicate viral systemic dissemination. These results contribute to the understanding of PCV-3 epidemiology in Swiss pigs, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and further research on its clinical implications and interaction with host factors. Our study underscores the utility and limitations of molecular techniques in confirming PCV-3 infections.
Virus Shedding and Diarrhea: A Review of Human Norovirus Genogroup II Infection in Gnotobiotic Pigs
Authors: Nyblade Charlotte , Yuan Lijuan
Published: September 2024

For nearly twenty years, gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs have been used as a model of human norovirus (HuNoV) infection and disease. Unique in their ability to develop diarrhea and shed virus post oral challenge, Gn pigs have since been used to evaluate the infectivity of several genogroup II HuNoV strains. Nearly all major pandemic GII.4 variants have been tested in Gn pigs, with varying rates of infectivity. Some induce an asymptomatic state despite being shed in large quantities in stool, and others induce high incidence of both diarrhea and virus shedding. Non-GII.4 strains, including GII.12 and GII.6, have also been evaluated in Gn pigs. Again, rates of diarrhea and virus shedding tend to vary between studies. Several factors may influence these findings, including age, dosage, biological host factors, or bacterial presence. The impact of these factors is nuanced and requires further evaluation to elucidate the exact mechanisms behind increases or decreases in infection rates. Regardless, the value of Gn pig models in HuNoV research cannot be understated, and the model will surely continue to contribute to the field in years to come.
MoMo30 Binds to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variants and Blocks Infection by SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus
Authors: DeBarros Kenya , Khan Mahfuz , Coleman Morgan , Bond Vincent C. , Floyd Virginia , Gbodossou Erick , Diop Amad , Krumpe Lauren R. H. , O’Keefe Barry R. , Powell Michael D.
Published: September 2024

MoMo30 is an antiviral protein isolated from aqueous extracts of Momordica balsamina L. (Senegalese bitter melon). Previously, we demonstrated MoMo30’s antiviral activity against HIV-1. Here, we explore whether MoMo30 has antiviral activity against the COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2. MLV particles pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike glycoprotein and a Luciferase reporter gene (SARS2-PsV) were developed from a three-way co-transfection of HEK293-T17 cells. MoMo30’s inhibition of SARS2-PsV infection was measured using a luciferase assay and its cytotoxicity using an XTT assay. Additionally, MoMo30’s interactions with the variants and domains of Spike were determined by ELISA. We show that MoMo30 inhibits SARS2-PsV infection. We also report evidence of the direct interaction of MoMo30 and SARS-CoV-2 Spike from WH-1, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. Furthermore, MoMo30 interacts with both the S1 and S2 domains of Spike but not the receptor binding domain (RBD), suggesting that MoMo30 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by inhibiting fusion of the virus and the host cell via interactions with Spike.
Serologic Cross-Reactivity between the Mumps Virus Vaccine Genotype A Strain and the Circulating Genotype G Strain
Authors: Shaikh Sabaparvin , Carpenter Michael , Lin Lisa , Frost Jasmine Rae , McLachlan Elizabeth , Stein Derek , Van Caeseele Paul , Severini Alberto
Published: September 2024

Recent mumps outbreaks have been observed in vaccinated young adults due to the mumps virus (MuV) of genotype G, whereas the current vaccine is a mixture of two genotype A strains. These outbreaks could be attributed to waning vaccine immunity or the antigenic differences between the HN and F glycoproteins in the vaccine and circulating MuV. These glycoproteins are essential targets for the immune system, and antigenic variations may reduce the recognition of mumps antibodies, rendering the population susceptible to the MuV. We established stable cell lines expressing the MuV glycoproteins to study cross-reactivity between genotype A and genotype G. Cross-reactivity between the genotypes was evaluated via immunofluorescence using patient sera from vaccinated individuals, infected individuals, and vaccinated individuals infected with genotype G. Titer ratios showed that the vaccinated individuals exhibited a titer 3.68 times higher for the HN protein and 2.3 times higher for the F protein when comparing genotype A with genotype G. In contrast, the infected individuals showed a lower titer for genotype A compared with genotype G, at 0.43 and 0.33 for the HN and F proteins, respectively. No difference in titer ratio was observed for individuals vaccinated and subsequently infected with mumps. These findings suggest that antigenic variations between the two genotypes may potentially result in immune escape of the circulating strain, resulting in individuals susceptible to the MuV.
Oropouche Virus (OROV) in Pregnancy: An Emerging Cause of Placental and Fetal Infection Associated with Stillbirth and Microcephaly following Vertical Transmission
Authors: Schwartz David A. , Dashraath Pradip , Baud David
Published: September 2024

Oropouche virus (OROV) is an emerging arbovirus endemic in Latin America and the Caribbean that causes Oropouche fever, a febrile illness that clinically resembles some other arboviral infections. It is currently spreading through Brazil and surrounding countries, where, from 1 January to 1 August 2024, more than 8000 cases have been identified in Bolivia, Brazil, Columbia, and Peru and for the first time in Cuba. Travelers with Oropouche fever have been identified in the United States and Europe. A significant occurrence during this epidemic has been the report of pregnant women infected with OROV who have had miscarriages and stillborn fetuses with placental, umbilical blood and fetal somatic organ samples that were RT-PCR positive for OROV and negative for other arboviruses. In addition, there have been four cases of newborn infants having microcephaly, in which the cerebrospinal fluid tested positive for IgM antibodies to OROV and negative for other arboviruses. This communication examines the biology, epidemiology, and clinical features of OROV, summarizes the 2023–2024 Oropouche virus epidemic, and describes the reported cases of vertical transmission and congenital infection, fetal death, and microcephaly in pregnant women with Oropouche fever, addresses experimental animal infections and potential placental pathology findings of OROV, and reviews other bunyavirus agents that can cause vertical transmission. Recommendations are made for pregnant women travelling to the regions affected by the epidemic.
Nursery- vs. Mother-Reared Baboons: Reproductive Success and Health Parameters
Authors: Neal Sarah J. , Schapiro Steven J. , Lambeth Susan P. , Magden Elizabeth R.
Published: September 2024

There is a plethora of data demonstrating the deleterious consequences of nursery rearing in nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, baboon studies report varying consequences of nursery rearing, from no differences in reproduction and sociality to moderate differences in social cognition and abnormal behavior. We compared health and reproductive parameters in a large sample (N= 231) of mother-reared (MR) and nursery-reared (NR) captive olive baboons housed at the Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, Texas. MR baboons had higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios and heart rates than NR baboons. Rearing was not a significant predictor of body condition score or body weight (p > 0.20), and MR and NR individuals did not differ in the level of wounding observed (p > 0.70). The proportion of successful births across NR and MR females was also not significantly different (p > 0.70), nor were rates of maternal neglect and infant death. These data suggest minimal differences in health and reproductive parameters across rearing statuses in baboons housed at this facility. In conjunction with previous research that also seems to show minimal differences as a function of rearing in baboons, but directly contrast with data in other NHP species, these data suggest that baboons may be more robust against deleterious effects of abnormal rearing conditions than other NHP species.
Effects of Different Photoperiods during Incubation on Post-Hatch Broiler Performance and Stress Response
Authors: Noor Yasir Arslan , Usman Muhammad , Elahi Usman , Mehmood Shahid , Riaz Muhammad Faisal , Khan Ehsaan Ullah , Saleem Kinza , Ahmad Sohail
Published: September 2024

This study evaluated the subsequent effect of photoperiods during incubation on post-hatch growth and stress response of commercial broiler chickens. A total of 875 Ross 308 broiler breeder (48 weeks of age) eggs were hatched using different durations (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 h a day) of dichromatic light [green and red (495 to 750 nm); 2700 K; 250 lux; SUNJIE; China] throughout the whole period of incubation. A total of 50 0-day-old hatched straight run broiler chicks from each photoperiod during incubation were used to evaluate subsequent growth performance (feed intake, body weight, and feed conversion ratio); stress parameters (physical asymmetry, tonic immobility, and vocalization,); welfare traits (feather score and gait score); carcass traits (live weight, dressed weight, carcass yield, liver weight, gizzard weight, heart weight, abdominal fat weight, breast weight, and leg weight); and serum chemistry (globulin, total protein, cholesterol, glucose, and uric acid). There were no influences of photoperiod during incubation on post-hatch growth, stress parameters, welfare, and carcass traits. Heart yield was higher in birds incubated under 20 h light than in those from the 16 h light group. Incubation under different lighting durations also altered blood biochemical profile but did not influence serum globulin and cholesterol levels. It was concluded that under experimental conditions, incubation of broiler eggs under different lighting durations did not impact subsequent post-hatch performance (21–35 d).
Screening of Neutralizing Antibodies against FaeG Protein of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Tian Yang , Lu Sijia , Zhou Saisai , Li Zhen , Guan Shuaiyin , Chen Huanchun , Song Yunfeng
Published: September 2024

The misuse of antibiotics in veterinary medicine presents significant challenges, highlighting the need for alternative therapeutic approaches such as antibody drugs. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the application of antibody drugs in veterinary settings to reduce economic losses and health risks. This study focused on targeting the F4ac subtype of the FaeG protein, a key adhesion factor in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections in piglets. By utilizing formaldehyde-inactivated ETEC and a soluble recombinant FaeG (rFaeG) protein, an antibody library against the FaeG protein was established. The integration of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and a eukaryotic expression vector containing murine IgG Fc fragments facilitated the screening of anti-rFaeG IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The results demonstrate that the variable regions of the screened antibodies could inhibit K88-type ETEC adhesion to IPEC-J2 cells. Furthermore, in vivo neutralization assays in mice showed a significant increase in survival rates and a reduction in intestinal inflammation. This research underscores the potential of antibody-based interventions in veterinary medicine, emphasizing the importance of further exploration in this field to address antibiotic resistance and improve animal health outcomes.
Spermiogram, Kinetics, Flow Cytometric Characteristics and DNA Damage Degree in Boar Ejaculates: Summarization and Clustering
Authors: Ausejo-Marcos Raquel , Tejedor María Teresa , Miguel-Jiménez Sara , Gómez-Giménez Belén , Soriano-Úbeda Cristina , Mendoza Noelia , Vicente-Carrillo Alejandro , Hurtado William Fernando , Ávila Holguín Celia , Moreno Bernardino , Falceto María Victoria
Published: September 2024

Boar semen analysis includes sperm motility, concentration, morphology and other more complex analyses such as membrane integrity, DNA damage and seminal plasma components. This study aims to summarize these numerous data by linear combinations of them, to classify ejaculates in several categories (clusters) and to investigate the potential differences among clusters on fertility and prolificacy. Young Pietrain boars (23 ± 3.6 months) were investigated: ten boars from the Nucléus genetic line (group 1: 90 ejaculates weekly) and five boars from the Batallé genetic line (group 2: 30 ejaculates weekly). Computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) examined motility. Sperm viability, acrosome reaction, early apoptosis, mitochondrial activity and DNA damage were studied by flow cytometry analysis. SPSS v.26 software was used to perform principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering. Three principal components (PC1: speed; PC2: linear path; PC3: DNA damage) were detected and four clusters identified in both groups. Clusters also differed significantly in several variables not included in these PCs (group 1: beat cross frequency and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase; group 2: cathepsin B, abnormal forms, mitochondrial activity and high DNA stainability). PCA and clustering achieved adequate description of these ejaculates, but no differences among clusters were found for fertility or prolificacy, probably because the minimum sperm requirements had been met.
Naphthalene Enhances Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Soil and Water: Effect and Mechanism
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Hulong , Liu Xiaona , Han Li , Yang Jing , Kang Lingke , Tang Liuyuan , Qian Tianwei
Published: September 2024

Bioremediation is a promising technique owing to its effectiveness, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Previous studies have focused on the degradation efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and water. However, the expression of PAH-catabolic genes in organisms involved in the degradation process has been rarely and unsystematically reported. In this study, a PAH-degrading strain—Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PQ249631)—was successfully isolated from coking-contaminated soil and used for PAH degradation in soil and water. Furthermore, the degradation of PAHs (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene) was investigated in single, binary, and mixture systems to explore the interaction of substrates. The results showed that when naphthalene was used as a cometabolite carbon source, the removal rates of fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene increased from 14.33%, 17.25%, 6.61%, and 4.47% to 72.08%, 100.00%, 15.63%, and 6.63%, respectively. In a PAH mixture, the degradation rate of each PAH was higher when naphthalene, rather than glucose, was used as the cometabolite carbon source. Transcriptome analysis revealed significant differential expression of PAH-catabolic genes and ATP-binding cassette transporter-related genes under naphthalene stress. The enhanced degradation of PAHs could be attributed to the augmentation of the PAH metabolic pathway and membrane transportation, facilitating the transfer of PAHs to bacteria. These findings underscore the effectiveness of P. aeruginosa as a PAH degrader and provide molecular insights into enhancing PAH degradation.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Debris Flow Disaster in the Loess Plateau Area of China: A Case Study
Authors: Wan Baofeng , An Ning , Bai Gexue
Published: September 2024

The Loess Plateau area, with complex geomorphological features and geological structure, is highly prone to geologic disasters such as landslides and debris flow, which cause great losses. To investigate the initiation mechanism of landslide and debris flow disasters and their spreading patterns, historical satellite images in the Laolang gully were collected and digitized to generate three-dimensional topographic and geomorphological maps. Typical landslides were selected for landslide thickness measurement using a standard penetrometer and high-density electrical method. Numerical models were established to simulate the occurrence and development of landslides under different working conditions and to evaluate the spreading range based on the propagation algorithm and friction law. The results show that the 10 m resolution DEM data are well matched with the potential hazard events observed in the field site. The smaller the critical slope threshold, the greater the extent and distance of landslide spreading. The larger the angle of arrival, the greater the energy loss, and therefore the smaller the landslide movement distance. The results can provide scientific theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of rainfall-induced landslide and debris flow disasters in the Loess Plateau area.
A Quasi-Steady Model for Estimating the Rate of Frost Heave When Subjected to Overburden Pressure
Authors: Chen Lei , Zhang Xiyan
Published: September 2024

The soil beneath buildings constructed in cold regions is affected by frost heave, causing the walls to crack and even the buildings to incline and collapse. Therefore, predicting the frost heave when subjected to overburden pressure is crucial for engineering buildings in cold areas. Utilizing the conservation equation of mass, Darcy’s equation, and the assumption that the pore water pressure at the top of a frozen fringe, denoted as uw, during the quasi-steady state can be approximately estimated using the Clapeyron equation, a quasi-steady frost heave rate model considering the overburden pressure was proposed. This study considered the difference in pore water pressure within the frozen fringe, which causes water to move from the unfrozen zone to the ice lens, where it subsequently accumulates and freezes into ice. The pore water pressure at the bottom of the frozen fringe, denoted as uu, can be estimated using the soil water characteristic curve (SWCC). The thickness of the frozen fringe was determined using the freezing temperature, segregation temperature, and temperature gradient. The segregation temperature was determined using the two-point method. Additionally, the model suggested that, when uw = uu, the movement of water stopped, leading to the end of frost heave. To validate the proposed model, three existing frost-heaving experiments were analyzed. The findings demonstrated that the estimated rates of frost heave of the samples closely matched the experimental data. Additionally, external pressure delayed water migration. This study can offer theoretical support for building engineering in cold regions.
Study on Soil Stabilization and Slope Protection Effects of Different Plants on Fully Weathered Granite Backfill Slopes
Authors: Liao Yongyan , Li Hua , Gao Kai , Ni Songyan , Li Yanqing , Chen Gang , Kong Zhigang
Published: September 2024

The slope erosion in the distribution area of completely weathered granite is often relatively severe, causing serious ecological damage and property loss. Ecological restoration is the most effective means of soil erosion control. Taking completely weathered granite backfill soil as the research object, two types of slope protection plants, Vetiver grass and Pennisetum hydridum, were selected. We analyzed these two herbaceous plants’ soil reinforcement and slope protection effects through artificial planting experiments, indoor simulated rainfall experiments, and direct shear tests. The test results showed that the runoff and sediment production rates of the two herbaceous plant slopes were significantly lower than those of the bare slope, with the order of bare slope > Vetiver grass slope > Pennisetum hydridum slope. Compared with the bare slope, the cumulative sediment production of the Vetiver grass slope at 60 min decreased by 56.73–60.09%, and the Pennisetum hydridum slope decreased by 75.97–78.45%. The indoor direct shear test results showed that soil cohesion decreases with increasing water content. As the root content of Vetiver grass roots increases, soil cohesion first increases and then decreases, reaching a maximum value when the root content is 1.44%. As the root content of Pennisetum hydridum increases, soil cohesion increases. The internal friction angle increases slightly with increasing water content, while the root content does not significantly affect the internal friction angle. Therefore, the shear strength of soil decreases when the water content increases. The shear strength of the Vetiver grass root-soil composite reaches a peak at a root content of 1.44%, while the shear strength of the giant king grass root-soil composite increases as the root content increases. At the same root content, the shear strength of the Vetiver grass root-soil composite is slightly higher than that of giant king grass. The reinforcement effect of roots on shallow soil is better than on deep soil. Both herbaceous plants have an excellent soil-fixing and slope-protecting impact on the fully weathered granite backfill slope. Pennisetum hydridum’s soil and water conservation effect is significantly better than that of the Vetiver grass. In contrast, Vetiver grass roots slightly outperform Pennisetum hydridum in enhancing the shear strength of the soil. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the vegetation slope protection treatment of fully weathered granite backfill slopes.
Effectiveness of Collars and Hooked-Collars in Mitigating Scour around Different Abutment Shapes
Authors: Khan Zaka Ullah , Ahmed Afzal , Valyrakis Manousos , Pasha Ghufran Ahmed , Farooq Rashid , Murtaza Nadir , Khan Diyar
Published: September 2024

Abutment scour is a major cause of bridge failures worldwide, leading to disruptions, economic losses, and loss of life. The present experimental study examines countermeasures against abutment scour using hooked-collar protections on vertical-wall and wing-wall abutments (at 45° and 60°) under different flow conditions. All 60 experiments were performed under sub-critical flow conditions by investigating scour around an abutment 20 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 25 cm tall. Two distinct values of the Froude number, 0.154 and 0.179, and a sediment particle diameter (d50) of 0.88 mm were used throughout the experimental phase. The resulting equilibrium scour around the abutments was compared to those with collar and hooked-collar protections. It was determined that the maximum abutment scour depth reduction was 83.89% when hooked collars were placed on vertical wall abutments beneath the bed surface level, and for wing-wall abutments at 45° and 60°, it was 74.2% and 73.5%, respectively, at the bed surface level. Regression analysis was conducted to assess the non-dimensional scour depth (Ds/Yf) and scour reduction (RDs/Yf), with a high enough coefficient of determination (R2 values of 0.96 and 0.93, respectively), indicating high confidence in the analysis. The sensitivity analysis findings demonstrate that the width of the collar (Wc) and La are the most influencing factors affecting Ds/Yf and RDs/Yf.
Development of a Wind–Wave Coherence Function Based on Numerical Studies
Authors: Wei Chengxun , Li Shenghui , Mao Haiying
Published: September 2024

The synchronization and intensity of fluctuating wind speeds and wave surfaces in wind–wave joint propagation processes are affected by the coherence of the marine ambient factors of fluctuating wind and random waves. This coherence further affects the precise calculations of wind–wave joint actions on marine structures. Therefore, a wind–wave joint propagation numerical flume was established based on the numerical simulation of random waves and fluctuating wind fields. A series of numerical simulations of wind–wave joint propagations were carried out. Based on the numerical results, the influences and influence laws of factors such as wind speed position height, significant wave height and wave spectrum peak frequency on the wind–wave coherence values were studied. According to the influence characteristics of these factors, a function of wind–wave coherence values for random wind–wave joint propagation was calculated. The coherence function takes frequency as the variable, while parameters include significant wave height, wind speed position height and wave spectrum peak frequency. Through a series of numerical simulation results, data fitting was used to calculate the parameter coefficients of the coherence function. The established random wind–wave coherence function can be described using the wind–wave joint fields of marine structures and the computational analyses of structural wind–wave joint actions.
Reviewing Demand Response for Energy Management with Consideration of Renewable Energy Sources and Electric Vehicles
Authors: Chatuanramtharnghaka Benjamin , Deb Subhasish , Singh Ksh Robert , Ustun Taha Selim , Kalam Akhtar
Published: September 2024

This review paper critically examines the role of demand response (DR) in energy management, considering the increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the rise in electric vehicle (EV) adoption. As the energy landscape shifts toward sustainability, recognizing the synergies and challenges offered by RESs and EVs becomes critical. The study begins by explaining the notion of demand response, emphasizing its importance in optimizing energy usage and grid stability. It then investigates the specific characteristics and possible benefits of incorporating RESs and EVs into DR schemes. This assessment evaluates the effectiveness of DR techniques in leveraging the variability of renewable energy generation and managing the charging patterns of electric vehicles. Furthermore, it outlines important technological, regulatory, and behavioral impediments to DR’s mainstream adoption alongside RESs and EVs. By synthesizing current research findings, this paper provides insights into opportunities for enhancing energy efficiency, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and advancing sustainable energy systems through the coordinated implementation of demand response, renewable energy sources, and electric vehicles.
Unlocking Grid Flexibility: Leveraging Mobility Patterns for Electric Vehicle Integration in Ancillary Services
Authors: Caminiti Corrado Maria , Brigatti Luca Giovanni , Spiller Matteo , Rancilio Giuliano , Merlo Marco
Published: September 2024

The electrification of mobility has introduced considerable challenges to distribution networks due to varying demand patterns in both time and location. This underscores the need for adaptable tools to support strategic investments, grid reinforcement, and infrastructure deployment. In this context, the present study employs real-world datasets to propose a comprehensive spatial–temporal energy model that integrates a traffic model and geo-referenced data to realistically evaluate the flexibility potential embedded in the light-duty transportation sector for a given study region. The methodology involves assessing traffic patterns, evaluating the grid impact of EV charging processes, and extending the analysis to flexibility services, particularly in providing primary and tertiary reserves. The analysis is geographically confined to the Lombardy region in Italy, relying on a national survey of 8.2 million trips on a typical day. Given a target EV penetration equal to 2.5%, corresponding to approximately 200,000 EVs in the region, flexibility bands for both services are calculated and economically evaluated. Within the modeled framework, power-intensive services demonstrated significant economic value, constituting over 80% of the entire potential revenues. Considering European markets, the average marginal benefit for each EV owner is in the order of 10 € per year, but revenues could be higher for sub-classes of users better fitting the network needs.
Soviet large-scale holidays as a form of consolidation of national symbols
Authors:   Department of Art, Moscow University for the Humanities, Streltsova Darya Aleksandrovna
Published: September 2024

The socialist revolution of 1917 created favorable conditions for the development of festive culture, creating an atmosphere of uplift, mental and physical strain, charging the holiday with this energy. The revolution gave the festivities a national character; peasants, workers, sailors, and townspeople were united. The people felt the extraordinary signifi cance of the events taking place in the fate of everyone, from an adult to a child. Holidays were the same fi ghters in the proletarian ranks as the poems by D. Bedny and V. Mayakovsky, and the posters of D. Moor, enticing people to continue the feat. The author shows that the components of the national festival are universal, they are preserved up to the present day, and this is refl ected not only in the design of the holiday, but also in its symbolism. The materials of the article can be used in preparation for the disciplines “History of Art” and “Directing Theatrical Performances and Celebrations”.
Dynamics of catches and state of stocks the common dace Leuciscus leuciscus in the Middle Ob basin (in the Tomsk region)
Authors:   Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (ZapSibNIRO), Russia, Novosibirsk, Interesova E.A. , Tsapenkov A.V. ,   Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (ZapSibNIRO), Russia, Novosibirsk, Zaitsev V.F. ,   Novosibirsk Branch of Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (ZapSibNIRO), Russia, Novosibirsk
Published: September 2024

Common dace Leuciscus leuciscus is a medium-sized representative of the Cyprinidae. It distributed in temperate latitudes of Eurasia and inhabits mainly of rivers. In the Tomsk region, it is numerous both in the Ob itself and in its tributaries. Previously, common dace was a significant fishery object — during the Great Patriotic War, its production volumes reached 2,514 tons per year and accounted for up to 20,1% of all fish catches in the region. Fishing of dace in the Middle Ob basin can be carried out 1. by special traps “atarma” in the spring during the migration of fish from the tributaries to the main channel of the Ob; 2. by lake seines in the summer-autumn period; 3. by constipation during the migration of fish from the main channel of the Ob to the tributaries for wintering grounds in the late autumn period. Previously, the main volume of dace was caught in the spring, by atarma fishing — the number of rivers on which atarmas were placed reached 128. In the last decade (2013–2022), the number of exhibited atarma does not exceed 10. The dace is fished mainly by small fishers with lake seines and using fixed networks, in the late summer — early autumn periods. The average catch of dace is 131,5 tons per year (4,6% of all fish production). Dace stocks are currently in a relatively stable state, the estimated biomass of the species ranges from 901,4 to 1539,8 tons, but it is significantly underutilized — the development of the recommended catch volumes averages only 67,5%. First of all, this is due to the low consumer demand of dace, which leads to a lack of interest among fishers in specialized fishing by atarma.
Experience of reproduction of pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758) using the factory method
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Integrated Fish Farming, branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Research Center VIZh named after. OK. Ernst , Russia, Moscow Region, Kitaev I.A.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the conducted experience of reproduction of the common pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758) in the conditions of industrial fish farming. Pike is an important object of aquaculture, used for biomelioration of reservoirs and for amateur fishing. The purpose of this work was to obtain pike larvae by the factory method with a different method of incubation of eggs. To obtain sexual products, pike producers were selected, after bonification they were landed in pools on a direct-flow system. Eggs from females were obtained by pumping, into enameled containers separately for each individual, sperm from males was obtained by slaughtering. After fertilization, the eggs were de-glued and placed in a Weiss apparatus for incubation, a total of 23.75 million pieces of eggs were obtained, the average fertility of females was 25 thousand eggs, the percentage of fertilization was 70%. To conduct the experiment, the eggs were divided into two parts, the group was left for incubation in Weiss devices. Group II at the 22nd stage of development, the “pigmented eye stage”, was placed on frames with a mosquito net of a smaller diameter measuring 0.5 by 0.5 m, with a side height of 1.5 cm in the ICA-2 pools. In the group I at the 24th stage of eggs development, hatching occurred, the survival rate of the larva was 27.3%, in the group II, hatching was 40.8%. At the stage before the transition to active nutrition, the larvae were collected in polyethylene transport bags with oxygen and released into a natural reservoir. Transportation was carried out at 12 degrees, at 2000 pcs/l.