bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ACO and CS‐based hybrid optimisation method for optimum sizing of the SHES
Authors: Edathil Sri Lakshmi , Singh Shiv P.
Published: April 2019

This study proposes an efficient novel approach for achieving optimal economic operation of a standalone hybrid energy system (SHES). Optimal economic operation is obtained through a balance between power outages, carbon emission footprint left by non‐renewable resources and cost per unit of energy production of renewable energy resources. SHES with battery and without battery has been considered as two different strategies to examine the impact of the energy storage element. The resulting multi‐objective function is optimised using a novel combination of ant colony optimisation (ACO) and cuckoo search (CS) algorithms. The proposed hybrid algorithm is verified against a set of well‐known benchmark functions and the results are compared with ACO and CS optimisation techniques. To validate the performance of the proposed algorithm, simulations have been carried out using hourly meteorological data and load data for both strategies (without and with energy storage elements) called as strategies 1 and 2, respectively. It has been observed that strategy 2 exhibits superior performance. Comparative performance analysis of the proposed technique with ACO and CS technique has been analysed and better results have been exhibited with the proposed ACO‐CS algorithm. Besides the system with energy storage element yields lesser cost.
Fully digital multi‐frequency compact high‐frequency radar system for sea surface remote sensing
Authors: Tian Yingwei , Wen Biyang , Li Ziyan , Hou Yidong , Tian Zhen , Huang Weimin
Published: April 2019

Compared with single‐frequency high frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR), a multi‐frequency (MF) system provides more feasibility in sea surface dynamic parameters measurement and target detection. In this study, a novel multi‐frequency compact HFSWR based on a fully digital architecture is developed. This system employs a flexible signal processing procedure with low hardware complexity. Without changing the circuit, it can realise two typical multi‐frequency schemes, including time‐division MF (TDMF) and frequency‐division MF (FDMF). Furthermore, a waveform selection criterion is proposed by analysing the difference between the TDMF and FDMF schemes in frequency‐modulated interrupted continuous wave (FMICW). The system performance is preliminarily validated in two frequencies by both close‐loop test and field experiment. It is shown that the range processing of two frequencies are coherent with an amplitude variation <0.005 dB and a phase variation <0.02° over a coherent integration time of ∼8.5 min. Moreover, the sea surface radial current speed measured by two radar frequencies agree (well) with each other with a root‐mean‐square difference of ∼10 cm/s. The accuracy of current speed is verified by buoy data, with an overall correlation coefficient >0.93 and a root‐mean‐square error between 11.0 and 13.0 cm/s.
Energy trading framework for electric vehicles: an assignment matching‐theoretic game
Authors: Rana Rubi , Bhattacharjee Shayari , Mishra Sukumar
Published: April 2019

Electric Vehicles (EVs) can be considered as a flexible source of energy which can receive some benefit in terms of incentives for selling their energy. For efficient and economic trading amongst the EV owners, various researchers have proposed a variety of preference based matching algorithms like College Admission Framework (CAF), Max‐weight, Merge and Split, Gale‐Shapley Algorithm and Brute‐Force Algorithm etc, where buyer and seller EVs can exchange energy and receive better payoffs. Unlike the above mentioned algorithms, in this paper the participating entities do not submit the preferences menu (which contains preferred choices of sellers (of a buyer) and of buyers (for a seller)) to a central authority.) However, this paper proposes an assignment energy trading game where no central authority is needed, the matching algorithm is hosted on cloud which matches charging and discharging of EVs based on their aspiration level and bids. The contribution of the work is to deduce the bids and aspiration level of charging and discharging EVs which is not considered in any of the existing work. Another contribution of the work is the behavioral assignment game that eludes the need of integer linear programming problem and deduces the convergence of game by adjustments of aspiration levels. Futhermore, the entire algorithm is cloud hosted with no middleman hence trading EVs identities are concealed from each other making the system unbiased. The proposed game helps both the buyer and the seller side of EVs to achieve their best bids as well as by reducing grid dependency it boosts the profit margin of the charging stations (CS).
Virtual prototype and GaN HEMT based high frequency LLC converter design
Authors: Xiao Long , Wu Liang , Zhao Jun , Chen Guozhu
Published: April 2019

Gallium nitride (GaN) high‐electron‐mobility transistor (HEMT) with the merits of the fast switch speed, low on resistance and low switch loss is applicable to high‐frequency LLC converters. However, voltage stress and ringing problems during the fast switching transient have retarded the promotion of switch speed and prolonged the design cycles. This study proposed an economic and time‐saving virtual prototype based LLC converter design method, based on which the voltage stress and ringing problem can be analysed and suppressed by iteration design. The virtual prototype comprises of compact GaN HEMT device model and accurate circuit model. The correctness and effectiveness of the virtual‐prototype‐based design method is verified with well matching simulation and experiment waveforms.
Triphenylphosphine Oxide-Catalyzed Selective α,β-Reduction of Conjugated Polyunsaturated Ketones
Authors: Xia Xuanshu , Lao Zhiqi , Toy Patrick
Published: April 2019

The scope of the triphenylphosphine oxide-catalyzed reduction of conjugated polyunsaturated ketones using trichlorosilane as the reducing reagent has been examined. In all cases studied, the α,β-C=C double bond was selectively reduced to a C–C single bond while all other reducible functional groups remained unchanged. This reaction was applied to a large variety of conjugated dienones, a trienone, and a tetraenone. Additionally, a tandem one-pot Wittig/conjugate-reduction reaction sequence was developed to produce γ,δ-unsaturated ketones directly from simple building blocks. In these reactions the byproduct of the Wittig reaction served as the catalyst for the reduction reaction. This strategy was then used in the synthesis of naturally occurring moth pheromones to demonstrate its utility in the context of natural-product synthesis.
Different Strategies for Obtaining Enantiopure Hemicryptophanes
Authors: Colomban Cédric , Châtelet Bastien , Martinez Alexandre
Published: April 2019

Hemicryptophanes have recently emerged as an attractive class of cages due to their interesting applications as supramolecular receptors and catalysts. Over the last decade, substantial advances have been made regarding the preparation of enantiopure versions of these synthetic receptors. Enantiopure hemicryptophanes are commonly obtained through the separation of diastereomers by chromatography, or by resolution of racemic mixtures using chiral HPLC. This short review summarizes the existing methods to access to these chiral organic architectures and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of each approach.

1 Introduction

2 Enantiopure Hemicryptophanes Obtained by Introducing Additional Chiral Units and Separation of Diastereomers

2.1 Synthesis by Means of Intramolecular Macrocyclization Reactions

2.2 [1+1] Coupling of the CTV and the Southern Part

3 Enantiopure Hemicryptophanes Obtained by Means of Chiral HPLC Resolution of Enantiomers

3.1 Resolution of Hemicryptophane Racemates

3.2 Resolution of CTV-Based Precursor Racemates

4 Conclusion
Maintenance of Integrity of Upper Facet Joints during Simulated Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Insertion Using 2D versus 3D Planning
Authors: Archavlis Eleftherios , Ringel Florian , Kantelhardt Sven
Published: April 2019

Background No studies have directly and quantitatively compared two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) planning as applied during conventional percutaneous or navigated percutaneous pedicle screw placement.

Study Aims This lumbar pedicle-based stabilization simulation study aimed to investigate the risk of upper facet joint violation (FJV) during posterior percutaneous pedicle screw placement with conventional 2D planning of screw implantation (as a model for fluoroscopically guided screws) compared with 3D planning (as used with navigation techniques).

Methods The placement of monosegmental lumbar pedicle screws using the data sets of 250 consecutive patients was simulated. Conventional surgery (using 2D fluoroscopic images anteroposterior and lateral view) was compared with screw placement using the 3D reconstruction of the planning mode of the same software.

Results The 2D planning resulted in 140 upper FJVs (28% of cases), whereas 3D planning resulted in only 24 upper FJVs (4.8% of cases) (p < 0.05). Among those spinal segments with severe facet joint arthropathy, Pathria grades 3 and 4, FJV was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the 2D-planned screws (64.7%) than in the 3D-planned screws (11.2%). A more lateral (mean distance: 3.5 mm) and inferior (mean distance: 2.5 mm) offset of the pedicle entry point and a larger medial angulation of the trajectory (mean angle: 9 degrees) were observed for the 3D-planned screws at all levels.

Conclusion This study demonstrates that the use of 2D planning is associated with a higher risk of upper FJV than when a 3D imaging data set is used. Using a more lateral and inferior entry point for fluoroscopically guided pedicle screws could reduce the rate of FJV in percutaneous pedicle screw placement.
Long-term Outcomes of Microvascular Decompression in the Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm Based on Different Offending Vessels
Authors: Zhao Hua , Tang Yinda , Zhang Xin , Zhu Jin , Yuan Yan , Zhou Ping , Li Shiting
Published: April 2019

Objective To evaluate clinical features, outcomes, and complications in patients with hemifacial spasm (HFS) after microvascular decompression (MVD) of different offending vessels.

Methods Clinical data were collected from 362 patients with HFS treated with MVD between January 2013 and January 2014. Patients were divided into five groups based on the offending vessel: A (anterior inferior cerebellar artery [AICA] compression), B (posterior inferior cerebellar artery [PICA] compression), C (AICA plus PICA compression), D (vertebral artery [VA] compression), and E (VA plus small vessel compression).

Results The most common offending vessel was the AICA (51.38%). The most common compression site was the root exit zone. During the follow-up period, the effective rate was 95.48% in group A, 92.15% in group B, 93.10% in group C, 90.14% in group D, and 91.45% in group E. Twenty-nine patients exhibited delayed facial palsy, the most common complication.

Conclusion No statistically significant differences were found in long-term outcomes or MVD-related complications among the study groups. The type of offending vessel was not a prognostic factor for MVD in patients with HFS.
Two-step hydrothermal growth of a thin film of vanadium dioxide on sapphire with large terahertz modulation depth
Authors: Wang Rui-ke , Wang Hai , An Zhi-qiang , He Jing-suo , Zhang Cun-lin , Pan Guo-ping , Li Xiang
Published: April 2019

We investigate the terahertz optical properties of VO2 (M) films synthesized hydrothermally on a c-sapphire substrate by a two-step method. The terahertz transmittance is greater than 70% for the insulating state of monoclinic VO2 films, and the average modulation depth approaches 94% for frequencies of 0.2–2.0 THz. A sample prepared using 450 °C postannealing undergoes a sharp insulator–metal transition around 61 °C at 1.5 THz with a 97% modulation depth. Furthermore, the effects of the postannealing temperature on the structure, morphology, and phase-transition properties of VO2 film/c-sapphire samples are presented. The results show that the hydrothermal synthesis of VO2 polymorphs has potential applications in the terahertz wavelength range.
Weyl-Heisenberg frames and Balian-Low theorem in ℓ2(Z)
Authors: Poumai K. T. , Kaushik S. K. , Mantry P.
Published: April 2019

This paper focuses on the reconstruction of digital signals in multirate digital signal processing. We study the discrete time Weyl-Heisenberg (DTWH) system for oversampling schemes and describe the frame operator of DTWH frames as the composition of the sampling operator and interpolation operator. Using discrete time Zak transform, we characterize the dual discrete time Weyl-Heisenberg tight frames, DTWH frames, and tight DTWH frames based on oversampling schemes. In addition, we discuss the applications of DTWH frames to the reconstruction of Weyl-Heisenberg systems in periodic space L2([0, 1)). Finally, we give Balian-Low theorem for an orthonormal basis formed by DTWH systems and weak Balian-Low theorem for exact DTWH frames in sequence space ℓ2(Z).
First demonstration of ARC-accelerated proton beams at the National Ignition Facility
Authors: Mariscal D. , Ma T. , Wilks S. C. , Kemp A. J. , Williams G. J. , Michel P. , Chen H. , Patel P. K. , Remington B. A. , Bowers M. , Pelz L. , Hermann M. R. , Hsing W. , Martinez D. , Sigurdsson R. , Prantil M. , Conder A. , Lawson J. , Hamamoto M. , Di Nicola P. , Widmayer C. , Homoelle D. , Lowe-Webb R. , Herriot S. , Williams W. , Alessi D. , Kalantar D. , Zacharias R. , Haefner C. , Thompson N. , Zobrist T. , Lord D. , Hash N. , Pak A. , Lemos N. , Tabak M. , McGuffey C. , Kim J. , Beg F. N. , Wei M. S. , Norreys P. , Morace A. , Iwata N. , Sentoku Y. , Neely D. , Scott G. G. , Flippo K.
Published: April 2019

New short-pulse kilojoule, Petawatt-class lasers, which have recently come online and are coupled to large-scale, many-beam long-pulse facilities, undoubtedly serve as very exciting tools to capture transformational science opportunities in high energy density physics. These short-pulse lasers also happen to reside in a unique laser regime: very high-energy (kilojoule), relatively long (multi-picosecond) pulse-lengths, and large (10s of micron) focal spots, where their use in driving energetic particle beams is largely unexplored. Proton acceleration via Target Normal Sheath Acceleration (TNSA) using the Advanced Radiographic Capability (ARC) short-pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility in the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is demonstrated for the first time, and protons of up to 18 MeV are measured using laser irradiation of >1 ps pulse-lengths and quasi-relativistic (∼1018 W/cm2) intensities. This is indicative of a super-ponderomotive electron acceleration mechanism that sustains acceleration over long (multi-picosecond) time-scales and allows for proton energies to be achieved far beyond what the well-established scalings of proton acceleration via TNSA would predict at these modest intensities. Furthermore, the characteristics of the ARC laser (large ∼100 μm diameter focal spot, flat spatial profile, multi-picosecond, relatively low prepulse) provide acceleration conditions that allow for the investigation of 1D-like particle acceleration. A high flux ∼ 50 J of laser-accelerated protons is experimentally demonstrated. A new capability in multi-picosecond particle-in-cell simulation is applied to model the data, corroborating the high proton energies and elucidating the physics of multi-picosecond particle acceleration.
High-frequency surface acoustic wave devices based on epitaxial Z-LiNbO3 layers on sapphire
Authors: Almirall Anthony , Oliveri Stefania , Daniau William , Margueron Samuel , Baron Thomas , Boulet Pascal , Ballandras Sylvain , Chamaly Stephane , Bartasyte Ausrine
Published: April 2019

Filter market demands push the development of new piezoelectric materials to address the modern telecommunication challenges. Combining composite wafers with an epitaxial piezoelectric layer and a said high velocity and acoustic quality substrate is a promising way to answer those demands. However, the fabrication of high-quality LiNbO3 films with reproducible physical properties is complicated by the difficulty in controlling volatile Li2O incorporation into the film and of measuring its composition. So far, large-scale production of films with physical properties suitable for the targeted applications is not available. In this paper, lithium niobate films with controlled nonstoichiometry were deposited by means of pulsed injection metalorganic vapor phase deposition. We have demonstrated a high acoustical performance for surface acoustic wave devices operating in the frequency range of 3.7 GHz up to 5.3 GHz and based on grown epitaxial Z-axis oriented LiNbO3 films on sapphire. An electromechanical coupling of 8% for the Rayleigh wave at 5.3 GHz was demonstrated experimentally.
Statistical properties of chaotic microcavities in small and large opening cases
Authors: Ryu Jung-Wan , Kim Sang Wook
Published: April 2019

We study the crossover behavior of statistical properties of eigenvalues in a chaotic microcavity with different refractive indices. The level spacing distributions change from Wigner to Poisson distributions, as the refractive index of a microcavity decreases. We propose a non-Hermitian matrix model with random elements describing the spectral properties of the chaotic microcavity, which exhibits the crossover behaviors as the opening strength increases.
Design, analysis, and testing of a novel compliant underactuated gripper
Authors: Huang Mingxian , Lu Qinghua , Chen Weilin , Qiao Jian , Chen Xingyao
Published: April 2019

This paper proposes a novel compliant underactuated gripper with multiple working modes. Based on the pseudo-rigid-body method, a static analysis of different working modes is carried out, establishing an analytical relationship between the output grasping forces and the input load. For the enveloped grasping mode, an algorithm to determine the static equilibrium position is given. Furthermore, a parametric optimization algorithm based on gradient descent is designed to obtain the maximum grasping forces. The effectiveness of the multiple grasping modes, the grasping force models, and the optimization algorithm are verified by a dynamic simulation package and finite element analysis as well as by experimental tests. Finally, various grasping experiments are conducted to further validate each working mode, the stability of grasping, and the ability to protect fragile objects.
Simulating morphologies of organic semiconductors by exploiting low-frequency vibrational modes
Authors: Smith Alexander R. , Thompson Ian R. , Walker Alison B.
Published: April 2019

Generating morphologies of amorphous organic materials represents a significant computational challenge and severely limits the size of systems that can be studied. Furthermore, the dynamical evolution of a film at high density occurs on time scales impractical to simulate dynamically, limiting the number of independent states that can be generated. This is a problem in glassy systems as well as protein and polymeric systems. To overcome this problem, we identify rigid sections in molecules and construct an elastic network between them. Using normal mode analysis, we calculate the lowest frequency eigenmodes for the network and displace rigid sections along the low-frequency modes. The system undergoes fast structural relaxation, which allows us to generate many structurally independent approximations to a final atomistic morphology rapidly without force-field parameterization. Using these states as high-density starting configurations, we find equilibrium structures through short molecular dynamics simulations that show close agreement with other atomistic molecular dynamics studies. This method provides a convenient alternative for simulating morphologies of large molecular systems without access to high-performance computing facilities.
A benchmark photoelectron spectroscopic and theoretical study of the electronic stability of [B12H12]2−
Authors: Aprà Edoardo , Warneke Jonas , Xantheas Sotiris S. , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: April 2019

We report a joint benchmark study on the electronic stability of closo-dodecaborate [B12H12]2− employing negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and high level electronic structure methods. The photoelectron spectra of [B12H12]2−, measured at 266, 193, and 157 nm, yield the Adiabatic and Vertical Detachment Energies (ADE and VDE) of this dianion at 0.93 ± 0.05 eV and 1.15 ± 0.05 eV, respectively, along with a ∼3 eV Repulsive Coulomb Barrier (RCB) against electron detachment. Theoretical calculations at various levels of electronic structure theory confirm the high stability of this dianion. The ADE and VDE values calculated at the coupled cluster with single, double and a perturbative estimate of triple excitations/aug-cc-PVQZ level are 0.92 and 1.16 eV, in excellent agreement with the experimental benchmark values. The comparison between the experimental and the theoretical values obtained at different levels of theory indicate that the PBE0 density functional represents a cost-effective method of sufficient accuracy to describe the molecular properties of this dianion and associated compounds. The theoretical RCB was modeled after the electrostatic potential (ESP) and point charge method (PCM) along three different detachment pathways, viz., along the B–H bond, perpendicular to a B–B bond, and normal to a B–B–B triangle. It was found that detachment of the electron along the B–H bond is preferred, as this pathway is associated with RCBs between 2.3 eV (PCM) and 3.3 eV (ESP), values that bracket the experimental estimate of ∼3 eV.
Configurational entropy of glass-forming liquids
Authors: Berthier Ludovic , Ozawa Misaki , Scalliet Camille
Published: April 2019

The configurational entropy is one of the most important thermodynamic quantities characterizing supercooled liquids approaching the glass transition. Despite decades of experimental, theoretical, and computational investigation, a widely accepted definition of the configurational entropy is missing, its quantitative characterization remains fraught with difficulties, misconceptions, and paradoxes, and its physical relevance is vividly debated. Motivated by recent computational progress, we offer a pedagogical perspective on the configurational entropy in glass-forming liquids. We first explain why the configurational entropy has become a key quantity to describe glassy materials, from early empirical observations to modern theoretical treatments. We explain why practical measurements necessarily require approximations that make its physical interpretation delicate. We then demonstrate that computer simulations have become an invaluable tool to obtain precise, nonambiguous, and experimentally relevant measurements of the configurational entropy. We describe a panel of available computational tools, offering for each method a critical discussion. This perspective should be useful to both experimentalists and theoreticians interested in glassy materials and complex systems.
First-principles study of hydrogen diffusion and self-clustering below tungsten surfaces
Authors: Yang L. , Wirth B. D.
Published: April 2019

The diffusion and self-clustering nucleation behavior of hydrogen (H) without vacancies below tungsten (W) surfaces are important for understanding the retention of deuterium (D) in W crystals exposed to high-flux and low-energy D plasma. The H migration energy and binding energy of H to self-clusters near the W(100), W(110), and W(111) surfaces have been investigated by first-principles computer simulations using density functional theory. H diffusion from adsorption sites on the W(100), W(110), and W(111) surfaces into solute sites in the bulk requires energies of at least 1.21, 1.78, and 1.80 eV, respectively, while 0.27, 0.31, and 0.24 eV for the reverse process. In addition, the lateral diffusion of H between two subsurface layers below the W surfaces has been investigated. Two H atoms at a depth of 0.08 nm below the W(110) surface have the highest binding energy, followed by H atom pairs below the W(111) and W(110) surfaces. The nucleation and stability of H clusters depend on the surface orientation. A planar configuration between the first nearest neighbor {100} planes is energetically favorable for H self-clustering below the W(100), W(110), and W(111) surfaces. The thermal stability of a platelet containing 16 H atoms below the W surfaces at 300 and 600 K was also studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, which indicate that the H platelet below a W(111) surface is more stable than that below either the W(100) or the W(110) surface.
An integral sliding mode observer for CPS cyber security attack detection
Authors: Lv Mi , Yu Wenwu , Lv Yuezu , Cao Jinde , Huang Wei
Published: April 2019

Cyber-physical system (CPS) is a next-generation intelligent system integrating computing, communication, and control. As a unit of computing process and physical process, CPS is a new research field, where cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) is not only a microcosm of CPS but also a prerequisite for unmanned systems. CACC relies on the wireless communication network technology to achieve cooperative platooning control through vehicle-to-vehicle collaborative control methods. It can improve traffic efficiency and ensure safe driving. Once the wireless network is introduced by each vehicle to exchange information, it is vulnerable to cyber attacks, making attack detection necessary. In this paper, an integral sliding mode observer is designed to monitor malicious attacks. The proposed sliding mode observer not only retains the performance of traditional sliding mode control but also realizes the finite-time observation, avoiding the singular phenomenon that may occur in the traditional terminal sliding mode.
A simple model for perturbative kinetic particle resonances in tokamaks
Authors: White R. B. , Duarte V. N.
Published: April 2019

Resonances driven by particle distribution gradients are studied in a simple statistical model which does not involve advancing individual particles due to the interaction with the mode. The phase-space structure of resonances and the associated modification of density profiles in tokamaks are due to equilibration between the bounce averaging of particles within the resonance, which tends to locally flatten the distribution, particle collisions, which tend to re-establish the original density gradients, and wave background damping, which extracts energy from the mode. Modes are perturbatively driven while the distribution is irreversibly modified due to diffusion within the resonance, where local properties of the equilibrium and particle distribution are sufficient to determine the time evolution of a mode. Simulations replicate the expected scaling with the collision frequency of mode saturation amplitudes and collisional broadening of the density modification and give reasonable agreement with saturation amplitudes given by full guiding center simulations.
Two-dimensional vibronic spectra from classical trajectories
Authors: Polley Kritanjan , Loring Roger F.
Published: April 2019

We present a semiclassical procedure for calculating nonlinear optical spectra from a quantum Hamiltonian with discrete electronic states. The purely electronic Hamiltonian for N states is first mapped to the associated Meyer-Miller Hamiltonian for N quantum harmonic oscillators. The classical limit is then taken, and classical nuclear degrees of freedom are introduced. Spectra are calculated by propagating the classical analogs of transition dipole operators subject to semiclassical quantization conditions on action variables. This method generalizes the optimized-mean-trajectory approach, originally developed for nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy and subsequently extended to vibronic spectroscopy, to models with multiple interacting electronic states. Calculations for two electronic excited states with displaced harmonic nuclear potentials illustrate the implementation of this approach.
Preliminary assessment of the ability of detainment bunds to attenuate sediment and phosphorus transported by surface runoff in the Lake Rotorua catchment
Authors: Levine Brian , Burkitt Lucy , Horne Dave , Condron Leo , Tanner Chris , Paterson John
Published: April 2019

Water-quality impairment due to excess nutrients entering Lake Rotorua has been recognised since the 1960s. So as to improve water-quality, the 2012 Lake Rotorua Nutrient Management Plan has set a target to reduce phosphorus (P) loads delivered to the lake by 10 t/year from a baseline of ~40 t P/year. Dissolved P and sediment-bound P loss from agriculture have been identified as significant sources of P entering the lake. Storm periods present significant opportunities to mitigate these losses. Detainment bunds (DBs) are a mitigation strategy that could potentially decrease P losses in storm events. A detainment bund is a low earthen dam constructed on productive pasture, which is capable of temporarily ponding large quantities of overland flow delivered by storm-generated ephemeral streams. Prior research on DBs and sedimentation basins serves as a proof of concept for the technology; however, there is no quantitative data available on the capacity of DBs to attenuate contaminants under New Zealand conditions. Quantification of DB performance is essential to the potential implementation of the technology at regional or national scales, and to the modelling of treatment efficacy in nutrient-management software such as OVERSEER®. The present study reports on preliminary data from a DB receiving surface runoff from 19.7 ha within the Lake Rotorua catchment during three contrasting storm events. The results indicated that retaining water in DBs resulted in discharges with decreased volumes of water and decreased concentrations of suspended sediments, dissolved reactive P and total P. Load attenuation related to event size and resulted in decreased loads of sediment (14–91%), dissolved reactive P (19–69%) and total P loads (18–67%) discharged downstream. These preliminary results indicated the potential of this mitigation strategy to decrease loads of sediment and P delivered to Lake Rotorua by surface runoff from pastoral agriculture.
Direct and widespread role for the nuclear receptor EcR in mediating the response to ecdysone in
Drosophila
Authors: Uyehara Christopher M. , McKay Daniel J.
Published: April 2019

The ecdysone pathway was among the first experimental systems employed to study the impact of steroid hormones on the genome. In
Drosophila
and other insects, ecdysone coordinates developmental transitions, including wholesale transformation of the larva into the adult during metamorphosis. Like other hormones, ecdysone controls gene expression through a nuclear receptor, which functions as a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Although it is clear that ecdysone elicits distinct transcriptional responses within its different target tissues, the role of its receptor, EcR, in regulating target gene expression is incompletely understood. In particular, EcR initiates a cascade of transcription factor expression in response to ecdysone, making it unclear which ecdysone-responsive genes are direct EcR targets. Here, we use the larval-to-prepupal transition of developing wings to examine the role of EcR in gene regulation. Genome-wide DNA binding profiles reveal that EcR exhibits widespread binding across the genome, including at many canonical ecdysone response genes. However, the majority of its binding sites reside at genes with wing-specific functions. We also find that EcR binding is temporally dynamic, with thousands of binding sites changing over time. RNA-seq reveals that EcR acts as both a temporal gate to block precocious entry to the next developmental stage as well as a temporal trigger to promote the subsequent program. Finally, transgenic reporter analysis indicates that EcR regulates not only temporal changes in target enhancer activity but also spatial patterns. Together, these studies define EcR as a multipurpose, direct regulator of gene expression, greatly expanding its role in coordinating developmental transitions.
A note on the emotive origins of syntax
Authors: Trotzke Andreas
Published: April 2019

In this note, I ask what (if any) linguistic means above the word level might have already been in place before our full-blown syntactic capacity involving recursive Merge has evolved. I argue that the ‘pre-Merge era’ might have been characterized by paratactic emotive utterances comparable to root small clauses in modern languages. At the end of this contribution, this new emotive perspective on so-called ‘living linguistic fossils’ is extended to the core syntactic property of displacement, which features an augmentation strategy in the form of multiple copies that is reminiscent of doubling and reduplication processes involved in conveying expressive meaning components.
Who are we?
Authors: Wei Jennifer M. , Duann Ren-feng
Published: April 2019

This paper analyzes how political aspirations and convictions during Taiwan’s authoritarian period (from the 1940s
to 1996) are expressed through first-person plural pronouns. Combining both corpus-assisted method and discourse historical
analysis (DHA, Wodak et al. 1999), we compared the speeches delivered by the
presidents – Chiang Kai-shek (CKS, 1955–1975), Chiang Ching-kuo (CCK, 1978–1988), and Lee Teng-hui (LTH, 1989–1996) – from the
one-party domination era to the time of the direct presidential elections in 1996. Moreover, by locating lexical items in the
co-texts and checking the collocates, we have tried to find referents of we against changing socio-political
contexts. The meaning of we has changed from representing Chinese compatriots on the Chinese mainland and the
revolutionary militia in CKS’s speeches to an over-inclusion and more hearer-dominant (HD) we in CCK’s speeches.
A “wandering we” was found in LTH’s speeches with which a well-defined national collectivity was difficult to
identify in the late 1980s.
“When I speak people look at me”
Authors: Napier Jemina , Oram Rosemary , Young Alys , Skinner Robert
Published: April 2019

Deaf people’s lives are predicated to some extent on working with sign language interpreters. The self is translated on a regular basis and is a long-term state of being. Identity becomes known and performed through the translated self in many interactions, especially at work. (Hearing) others’ experience of deaf people, largely formed indirectly through the use of sign language interpreters, is rarely understood as intercultural or from a sociocultural linguistic perspective. This study positions itself at the cross-roads of translation studies, sociolinguistics and deaf studies, to specifically discuss findings from a scoping study that sought, for the first time, to explore whether the experience of being ‘known’ through translation is a pertinent issue for deaf signers. Through interviews with three deaf signers, we examine how they draw upon their linguistic repertoires and adopt bimodal translanguaging strategies in their work to assert or maintain their professional identity, including bypassing their representation through interpreters. This group we refer to as ‘Deaf Contextual Speakers’ (DCS). The DCS revealed the tensions they experienced as deaf signers in reinforcing, contravening or perpetuating language ideologies, with respect to assumptions that hearing people make about them as deaf people, their language use in differing contexts; the status of sign language; as well as the perceptions of other deaf signers about their translanguaging choices. This preliminary discussion of DCS’ engagement with translation, translanguaging and professional identity(ies) will contribute to theoretical discussions of translanguaging through the examination of how this group of deaf people draw upon their multilingual and multimodal repertoires, contingent and situational influences on these choices, and extend our understanding of the relationship between language use, power, identity, translation and representation.
Refiguring Asianness in tourism advertising
Authors: Sidiropoulou Maria
Published: April 2019

Identities are often reshaped, in translanguaging contexts, to fit narratives circulating in target environments. Analysis of parallel tourism data shifts is a rich resource for tracing how space identities may travel cross-culturally. The study tackles representations of Asianness as manifested through English and Greek parallel texts, in tourism advertising, to reveal locally internalized ‘speaker positionings’ which significantly affect the ‘package of identity features’ attributed to a destination. The analysis first takes into consideration the visibility of Asian spaces in the Greek press and points to features which may allow a unified account of media and travel discourses, drawing on tourism theoretical accounts. Discursively conveyed representations of Asian spaces are assumed to immensely affect perception of Asian destinations and sensibilities in audiences.
Feline obesity and diabetes: a One Health perspective.
Authors: Lewitt M. S.
Published: April 2019

There is increasing awareness of obesity and diabetes mellitus in cats that parallels the 'epidemic' of obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Likewise, understanding of the pathophysiology and management of feline obesity and diabetes has developed alongside and draws from human medicine. As in human medicine, overweight and obesity are associated with the development with diabetes; however, there are other genetic and environmental influences that contribute to this risk, some of which are shared. In cats, the body condition score appears to be a good diagnostic tool. It is reliable in the hands of owners and is likely to reflect visceral adiposity. However, the diagnostic label of feline obesity should be considered against the rate of success of any intervention, owner perspectives and impact on cat quality of life, as well as risk of future disease. The classification of human diabetes is evolving towards one that is more closely linked to disease outcome and therefore management. Consideration could be given to classifying the diabetes of hypersomatotropism and that associated with exogenous glucocorticoid administration in cats, separately in veterinary medicine. Rather regarding feline obesity and diabetes as models of human disease, a closer interdisciplinary 'One Health' approach between veterinary and human medicine is warranted to advance research and clinical care in this field.
Citrus peel flavonoids improve lipid metabolism by inhibiting miR-33 and miR-122 expression in HepG2 cells
Authors: Su Dongxiao , Liu Hesheng , Qi Xiangyang , Dong Lihong , Zhang Ruifen , Zhang Jie
Published: April 2019

Citrus plants are rich in flavonoids and beneficial for lipid metabolism. However, the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Both citrus peel flavonoid extracts (CPFE) and a mixture of their primary flavonoid compounds, namely, nobiletin, tangeretin and hesperidin, citrus flavonoid purity mixture (CFPM), were found to have lipid-lowering effects on oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. The carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1α (CPT1α) gene was markedly increased, while the fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene was significantly decreased by both CPFE and CFPM in oleic acid-treated HepG2 cells. Flavonoid compounds from citrus peel suppressed miR-122 and miR-33 expression, which were induced by oleic acid. Changes in miR-122 and miR-33 expression, which subsequently affect the expression of their target mRNAs FAS and CPT1α, are most likely the principal mechanisms leading to decreased lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Citrus flavonoids likely regulate lipid metabolism by modulating the expression levels of miR-122 and miR-33.
All-polymer based polymorph skin with controllable surface texture
Authors: Bolson Natanael , Singh Devendra , Lube Vinicius , Lubineau Gilles
Published: April 2019

Smart skins are integrating an increasing number of functionalities to improve the interactions between the equipped systems (robots or artificial systems) and their ambient environment. Here, we introduce a controllable texture as a new functionality, based on an innovative soft technology that leverages the strong electro-mechanical coupling of our all-polymer design, which can be easily embedded to a wide range of systems. The device comprises a polymer-based heating element [doped PEDOT:PSS (poly-(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene): poly (styrene sulfonic acid))], a polymer-based soft actuator (Ecoflex 00–50/ethanol) and a polymer-based casing [PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)]. We introduce a smart pipe prototype module and use our controllable polymorph skin to tailor the interaction between the pipe and the fluid. This allows us to obtain a 50% reduction of the friction coefficient in turbulent regime, between non-actuated and actuated configurations. This concept may find applications in engineering fields such as smart skin-based touch control and controllable friction coefficients.
Universal quantum Hawking evaporation of integrable two-dimensional solitons
Authors: Robson Charles W , Villari Leone Di Mauro , Biancalana Fabio
Published: April 2019

We show that any soliton solution of an arbitrary two-dimensional integrable equation has the potential to eventually evaporate and emit the exact analogue of Hawking radiation from black holes. From the AKNS matrix formulation of integrability, we show that it is possible to associate a real spacetime metric tensor which defines a curved surface, perceived by the classical and quantum fluctuations propagating on the soliton. By defining proper scalar invariants of the associated Riemannian geometry, and introducing the conformal anomaly, we are able to determine the Hawking temperatures and entropies of the fundamental solitons of the nonlinear Schrödinger, KdV and sine-Gordon equations. The mechanism advanced here is simple, completely universal and can be applied to all integrable equations in two dimensions, and is easily applicable to a large class of black holes of any dimensionality, opening up totally new windows on the quantum mechanics of solitons and their deep connections with black hole physics.
Bounded remainder sets for rotations on the adelic torus
Authors: Furno Joanna , Haynes Alan , Koivusalo Henna
Published: April 2019

In this paper we give an explicit construction of bounded remainder sets of all possible volumes for any irrational rotation on the adelic torus

A

/

Q

\mathbb {A}/\mathbb {Q}

. Our construction involves ideas from dynamical systems and harmonic analysis on the adeles, as well as a geometric argument which originated in the study of deformation properties of mathematical quasicrystals.
Class of hypocomplex structures on the two-dimensional torus
Authors: Meziani Abdelhamid , Zugliani Giuliano
Published: April 2019

We study the Hölder solvability of a class of complex vector fields on the torus

T

2

\mathbb {T}^2

. We make use of the Theta function to associate a Cauchy-Pompeiu type integral operator. A similarity principle for the solutions of the equation

L
u
=
a
u
+
b

u
¯

Lu=au+b\bar {u}

is obtained.
A predictive computational model reveals that GIV/girdin serves as a tunable valve for EGFR-stimulated cyclic AMP signals
Authors: Getz Michael , Swanson Lee , Sahoo Debashish , Ghosh Pradipta , Rangamani Padmini
Published: April 2019

Cellular levels of the versatile second messenger cyclic (c)AMP are regulated by the antagonistic actions of the canonical G protein → adenylyl cyclase pathway that is initiated by G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) and attenuated by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Dysregulated cAMP signaling drives many diseases; for example, its low levels facilitate numerous sinister properties of cancer cells. Recently, an alternative paradigm for cAMP signaling has emerged in which growth factor–receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs; e.g., EGFR) access and modulate G proteins via a cytosolic guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM), GIV/girdin; dysregulation of this pathway is frequently encountered in cancers. In this study, we present a network-based compartmental model for the paradigm of GEM-facilitated cross-talk between RTKs and G proteins and how that impacts cellular cAMP. Our model predicts that cross-talk between GIV, G αs, and G αiproteins dampens ligand-stimulated cAMP dynamics. This prediction was experimentally verified by measuring cAMP levels in cells under different conditions. We further predict that the direct proportionality of cAMP concentration as a function of receptor number and the inverse proportionality of cAMP concentration as a function of PDE concentration are both altered by GIV levels. Taking these results together, our model reveals that GIV acts as a tunable control valve that regulates cAMP flux after growth factor stimulation. For a given stimulus, when GIV levels are high, cAMP levels are low, and vice versa. In doing so, GIV modulates cAMP via mechanisms distinct from the two most often targeted classes of cAMP modulators, GPCRs and PDEs.
Should I stay or should I go? Complex environments influence the developmental plasticity of flight capacity and flight-related trade-offs
Authors: Glass Jordan R , Stahlschmidt Zachary R
Published: April 2019

Complex environments, characterized by co-varying factors (e.g. temperature and food availability) may cause animals to invest resources differentially into fitness-related traits. Thus, experiments manipulating multiple environmental factors concurrently provide valuable insight into the role of the environment in shaping not only important traits (e.g. dispersal capacity or reproduction), but also trait–trait interactions (e.g. trade-offs between traits). We used a multi-factorial design to manipulate variation in temperature (constant 28 °C vs. 28 ± 5 °C daily cycle) and food availability (unlimited vs. intermittent access) throughout development in the sand field cricket (Gryllus firmus). Using a univariate approach, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food availability promoted survival, development, growth, body size and/or reproductive investment. Using principal components as indices of resource allocation strategy, we found that temperature variability and unlimited food reduced investment into flight capacity in females. Thus, we detected a sex-specific trade-off between flight and other life-history traits that was developmentally plastic in response to variation in temperature and food availability. We develop an experimental and statistical framework to reveal shifts in correlative patterns of investment into different life-history traits. This approach can be applied to a range of biological systems to investigate how environmental complexity influences traits and trait trade-offs.
The Mainstream Cult of Fifty Shades of Grey: Hailing Multiple Women Audiences
Authors: Och Dana
Published: April 2019

Fifty Shades of Grey (FSOG) is argued to be a female-focused mainstream cult film that deliberately fosters a simultaneity of viewing modes. This multiple address highlights how the lauded qualities of cult texts are standard in feminine narratives that need to appeal to a large cross section of women. Cult discourse still depends on misogyny and masculinized distinction even when the mainstream mode seems to break down gendered fandom. Contradictions emerge because cult was traditionally defined against the mindless consuming of women. However, the cultish consumption patterns for FSOG are deliberately fostered by merchandising strategies. Thus, the same element that shows cult tendencies is used to denigrate the film as the antithesis of cult: women as consumers.