bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies of tumor implants in immunologically privileged sites
Authors: Wajsman Z. , Williams P. , McGarry M. , Murphy G. P.
Published: February 2007

Wilms' tumor, renal cell carcinoma, and neuroblastoma in animals were transplanted from donors to recipients with strong histocompatibility differences. No strong evidence of the privileged site theory was found in this study and no obvious evidence of an immunosuppressive effect of testosterone was found.

The most important factor noted in these studies was that the take of tumor transplant seems to be related more to the type of tumor itself. Further studies of transplant results of such different types of tumors are warranted and are being conducted. An interaction between the hormonal supportive concept and the privileged site seems tenable.
The value of laparoscopic liver examination in the management of breast cancer
Authors: De Souza L. J. , Shinde S. R.
Published: February 2007

One‐hundred selected breast cancer patients underwent a laparoscopic liver examination to evaluate this procedure in the management of breast cancer. Group I contained patients with primary breast tumors considered to be localized. Group II consisted of cases which had disseminated disease at initial evaluation or had recurrent disease. In group I, 8.5% showed macrometastases less than 1 cm in size at laparoscopy in clinically uninvolved livers. This converted a presumed localized lesion to stage IV disease and was managed accordingly. Cases evaluated as high‐risk cases due to local factors, however, were not found to have liver involvement at laparoscopy, and hence adequate local therapy could be undertaken. In group II, metastatic liver involvement detected at laparoscopy was 22.5%. This simple, safe, and short procedure is therefore felt to be a useful complementary investigation in the management of breast cancer.
The diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice secondary to malignant lymphoma: A problem in multidisciplinary management
Authors: Boddie A. W. , Eisenberg Burton L. , Mullins James D. , Schlichtemeier A. Lee
Published: February 2007

Approximately 1.3% of patients with lymphoma develop obstructive jaundice secondary to lymphomatous involvement of the extrahepatic biliary system. This may occur either as an initial or as a late manifestation of disease. Clinically and radiographically the condition may mimic a variety of more common causes of obstructive jaundice. Surgical exploration may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis, but local radiotherapy would appear to be the preferred mode of treatment. Rapid progression to systemic disease occurs in the majority of patients, necessitating multidrug chemotherapy. Control of jaundice by radiotherapy is good, but long‐term prognosis is poor. Supervening sepsis and gastrointestinal bleeding caused the majority of deaths, suggesting that adjunctive nutritional support, immunologic enhancement, and stress ulcer prophylaxis may be necessary if survival is to be improved.
Malignant pheochromocytoma (paraganglioma) of the organ of zuckerkandl: A study of two cases
Authors: Herrera Lemuel O. , Hossain Zakir M. , Rafal Harold S. , Frelick Robert W. , Ashley Patrick F. , Lopez Gloria E.
Published: February 2007

Ten percent of pheochromocytomas are found in extra‐adrenal locations and are called paragangliomas. In recent years we have had the opportunity to study two patients with malignant paragangliomas of the organ of Zuckerlandl. Only 13 cases of such neoplasms have been reported previously. Our cases are of interest because of their features of recurrence, distant metastases, response to adjuvant therapy, and long survival.
Extramedullary plasmacytoma: Simulating a soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall
Authors: Sanyal B. , Pant G. C. , Sahni K. , Khanna S. , Gupta R. M. , Khanna N. N.
Published: February 2007

Extramedullary plasmacytoma occurs infrequently as compared to osseous myoloma. A single case of extramedullary plasmacytoma was seen during the last 10 years whose initial presentation was that of a soft tissue sarcoma of the chest wall. Clinical data along with relevent investigation and treatment results are discussed with a review of the literature.
Mammary carcinoma — multidisciplinary treatment with bilateral mastectomy and immediate reconstruction
Authors: Gentil Fernando , Callia William , De Souza e Sá Arthur , Cavalcanti Silvio , Garcia Elme , Filho Oswaldo Giannotti , Varella Antonio Drauzio
Published: February 2007

The classical concepts pertaining to the natural history of mammary carcinoma and its treatment must be reviewed if survival rate is to be improved. By the time diagnosis is established, a fair amount of cases of carcinoma of the breast present distant, clinically undetectable micrometastases, which will not be affected by local therapy (surgery or radiation). Increasing evidence shows that mammary carcinoma nowadays must be looked upon as a diffuse disease affecting both breasts. Postoperative radiation does not improve the 5‐ and 10‐year survival rates and has a negative effect upon the immunological defense of the patient. Immunology plays an important role in the evolution and cure of the patient with carcinoma of the breast. The mutilation produced by radical or ultraradical mastectomy may throw the patient into mental depression which, as a consequence, may decrease the immunological competence of the patient. Multiple drug chemotherapy, started at the time of surgery and continued for several months thereafter, may kill micrometastases. Preventive immunotherapy seems to be beneficial to the patient in attempting control of metastases.
Effects of TSH stimulation on serum thyroglobulin in metastatic thyroid cancer
Authors: Gerfo Paul Lo , Colacchio Thomas A. , Colacchio Donald A. , Feind Carl R.
Published: February 2007

Thyroglobulin (TG) is a glycoprotein which has been found to be produced by almost all nonmedullary thyroid cancers, and is present in elevated levels in the serum of most patients with metastatic thyroid cancer. It has long been a clinical impression that many metastatic thyroid cancers are “responsive” to TSH suppression as manifested by a decrease in the size and/or symptoms of the tumor. Five athyroid patients with metastatic thyroid cancer were studied to determine the effect of TSH stimulation on their serum TG levels and attempt to correlate this effect with their clinical response. Three of the five patients showed a definite rise in their serum TG once serum thyroxine (T4) replacement was withdrawn, which correlated with an increase in TSH, and two of these patients have had no progression of their disease while on T4 suppression. The remaining two patients have shown no change in their TG levels after T4 withdrawal, and both have had progression of their metastatic disease while on T4 suppression. Thus, we see that in some patients, TG production by their metastatic thyroid cancer is responsive to TSH suppression, and there is some suggestion that TSH‐responsive cancers are less aggressive; but it will require further studies to determine this.
Nonspecific immunosuppression by cultured lymphocyte supernates of cancer patients
Authors: Svedsersky Lloyd P. , Minton John P. , Kolodziej Bruno J.
Published: February 2007

A nonspecific immunosuppressive factor, lymphocyte immunosuppressive substance (LIS), has been correlated with cancer patients. Significant suppression of IgM antibody production of sheep erythrocyte immune Swiss mice lymphocytes was found when the immune lymphocytes were treated with cultured peripheral blood lymphocyte supernates of tumor‐bearing patients. A lesser amount of LIS activity was also demonstrated with patients who had cancer in the past, but were clinically free of disease at the time of testing. This suppressive activity has been demonstrated with several solid tumors including breast CA, colon CA, melanoma, uterine CA, and ovarian CA. A possible use of this suppression test for detecting recurrences is suggested from the data.
Liposarcomas: Prognosis and management
Authors: Celik C. , Karakousis C. P. , Moore R. , Holyoke E. D.
Published: February 2007

Fifty‐one evaluable patients with liposarcomas were reviewed. Two‐thirds of the patients were referred after local recurrence. One‐third with primary surgery at RPMI had local recurrence rate of 31.6%. Overall, one or more local recurrences presented in 78% of patients. Pulmonary metastases occurred in 45%, while liver metastases in 13.6%.

Most common primary sites were the lower extremity, followed by the retroperitoneal area and upper extremity.

Median survival is better for upper and lower extremities than other areas (P < 0.01). The median survival was longer in the group that received radiation after resection although the difference was not statistically significant. The high rate of local recurrences suggests the adjuvant use of radiation postoperatively when the surgical margins have not been adequate.

Sixteen patients are alive and disease‐free, with 10 of them having had five years or longer follow‐up.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Sears Henry F. , Kim Young , Strawitz Joseph
Published: February 2007

Epidermoid cancer of the panceras is a rare variety of this malignancy. A case is presented. It has a characteristic angiographic appearance. Though in the past it has had a prognosis similar to the more common adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, a chemotherapeutic agent effective against epidermoid tumors at other sites has been effective in a case reported in the recent cancer treatment literature.
Macrophage activation and mobilization in nude mice by corynebacterium parvum and pyran: A functional and histologic study
Authors: Stinnett J. D. , Majeski J. A.
Published: February 2007

Peritoneal macrophages from both congenitally athymic (“nude”) mice and heterozygous littermates were activated by pyran copolymer or by Corynebacterium parvum vaccine. C parvum did not produce an increase in the number of peritoneal macrophages in nude mice, although it did produce a typical splenomegaly. Pyran produced an even greater influx of macrophages in the peritoneum of nude mice, when compared to normal mice, but did not produce splenomegaly in nude mice. Pyran‐ and C parvum‐induced splenomegaly were accompanied by an increase in the apparent T‐cell population of germinal centers. These experiments indicate that: 1) Macrophage activation, perse, by either C parvum or pyran, is a thymus‐independent event; 2) Macrophage mobilization, as determined by organomegaly or PEC number, does not have an obligatory requirement for T‐cells (depending on the agent used); 3) Macrophage activation may not always correlate with mobilization; and 4) Mechanisms for attracting and sequestering macrophages in the peritoneum may be different from those of the spleen.
Metachronous primary carcinoma of small bowel following resected colorectal carcinoma: A report of three cases
Authors: Honoré Louis H.
Published: February 2007

Three cases of metachronous adenocarcinoma of the large and small bowel are reported. The small‐bowel lesions were not even suspected properatively and were diagnosed after extensive pathologic study. Though rare, metachronous primary carcinoma of the small bowel must be considered in a patient with intestinal obstruction or hemorrhage following colorectal cancer surgery. Preoperative diagnosis, which demands a high index of suspicion and careful technical evaluation, is crucial in determining the overall surgical management of the patient.
Influence of vasoactive drugs on blood flow in subcutaneous tumors – an experimental study in rats
Authors: Hafström Larsolof , Persson Bertil , Sundqvist Kaj
Published: February 2007

Subcutaneously implanted tumors in Wistar and Lister rats were used as a model for the study of metastatic tumor blood flow and how it is affected by vasoactive drugs. Blood flow measurements were obtained using the labelled microsphere method and the reference organ technique. Microspheres (15‐μm) labelled with either 99Tcm or 51 Cr isotopes were injected intracardially and a reference sample was drawn simultaneously at constant speed. This was performed before and after the infusion of vasoactive drugs, and (as control), saline infusion. The drugs tested (adrenaline, noradrenaline, glucagon, histamine, and vasopressin) showed profound effects on central hemodynamic parameters and on muscle and skin blood flow. The relative tumor blood flow, measured as the ratio between tumor and skin or tumor and muscle blood flow, was calculated. The results show that no enhancement of the relative tumor blood flow could be registered. In fact, a decrease in the tumor‐to‐muscle‐blood‐flow ratio was noted when noradrenaline was infused, and in the tumor‐to‐skin ratio when adrenaline was infused. Blood flow in subcutaneous tumors was four to five times that in muscle or skin. Tumor blood flow was also inversely related to the size of the tumor.
The role of hepatic artery ligation and dearterialization with infusion chemotherapy in advanced malignancies in the liver
Authors: Berjian R. A. , Douglass H. O. , Nava H. R. , Karakousis C.
Published: February 2007

Because of limited benefits derived with the use of systemic chemotherapy, 15 patients with metastatic malignancy of the liver or hepatoma were treated by hepatic artery ligation [6] or dearterialization [9] and regional infusion chemotherapy.

There were two post operative deaths and three patients required surgical drainage of hepatic tumor liquefaction necrosis. The median survival was 14 months with two patients still living. The longest survivors were those patients with visceral leiomyosarcoma or carcinoid tumor. Five of the patients had failed to respond to previous chemotherapy, all showed a favorable response to this therapy.

Rigid criteria for proper case selection have been developed which should reduce the operative mortality. Hepatic artery ligation is a therapeutic modality that can be of benefit to patients for whom no other satisfactory treatment is available.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: Long‐term survival after radical surgery
Authors: Goldman Joel M. , Goren Elihu N. , Cohen Max H. , Webber Bruce L. , Brennan Murray F. , Robbins Jacob
Published: February 2007

Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid is a highly malignant disease with few survivors over one year. Radical surgery and laryngectomy are usually considered contraindicated. A 50‐year‐old woman with a history of papillary carcinoma treated with external radiation developed anaplastic giant‐cell carcinoma of the thyroid invading the soft tissues of the neck including the larynx. Since surgery was felt to represent her only chance for survival, she underwent laryngopharyngectomy, right radical‐neck dissection, and pharyngeal reconstruction. Three years after the surgery was performed, she is living an active life with only minor handicaps. Nevertheless, multiple nodules were noted in her lungs on recent tomographic examination. Our experience with this woman suggests that there is a role for radical surgery and laryngectomy in selected cases of anaplastic carcinoma.
A comparative study of breast cancer in the black and white populations of two inner‐city hospitals
Authors: Mittra Nirmal K. , Rush Benjamin F. , Verner E.
Published: February 2007

A comparative study of breast cancer was made among black and white populations admitted to two inner‐city hospitals from 1971 through 1976, inclusive. There were 306 patients in the study group of which 162 were black and 144 were white. Age, sex, color, duration of illness, different quadrants of breast involved, staging of cancer, histological diagnosis, treatment given, and incidence of recurrence were studied in each group. A statistically higher incidence of cancer of the breast was found among the black patients in the groups aged 30–50 years and 70–80 years, as compared to the white population. All other parameters studied showed no statistical differences.
Palliative prosthetic intubation in gastric cancer
Authors: Turnbull A. , Kussin S. , Kurtz R. C. , Bains M.
Published: February 2007

Obstruction to swallowing from recurrent gastric cancer following total gastrectomy or when the tumor is initially unresectable presents a major surgical challenge. Resection of the recurrence or various bypass procedures are indicated, when technically feasible, unless widespread metastases are found. A useful palliative approach for obstructed patients with a limited prognosis is the use of a Celestin endoesophageal tube. This report describes the indications for and method of insertion in two typical clinical situations. Anchoring the tube to the anterior abdominal wall prevents proximal migration of the prosthesis, a complication which occurred six months later in a patient in whom this was not possible.
Chemical and hematological screening in patients with malignant and non‐malignant conditions
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Van Peenen Hubert J. , Watson Francis R.
Published: February 2007

The value of multiphasic automated laboratory tests in differentiating stages of malignancy and in detecting recurrence of cancer was studied. Chemical SMA‐12 tests (including calcium, phosphate, glucose, BUN, uric acid, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and SGOT) and hematological SMA‐4 tests (including hematocrit, hemoglobin, WBC and RBC counts) were performed in 1,578 patients. Baseline data obtained from 582 patients with benign, and 996 patients with malignant, lesions were subdivided according to age, sex, primary site, and extent of cancer. With advancing stages of cancer, there was a significant increase of AP and LDH, but decrease of albumin and hemoglobin. Among patients who had sequential tests, there was a significant decrease of uric acid and LDH with control of cancer, and increase of AP with development of distant dissemination.
Indomethacin and ascorbate inhibit desmoid tumors
Authors: Waddell William R. , Gerner Robert E.
Published: February 2007

Administration of indomethacin caused complete resolution of a desmoid tumor after a partial response to radiation. In another patient, this drug caused an immediate response, then became ineffective. When large doses of ascorbic acid were given with indomethacin, slow resolution of the tumor began and has continued for 14 months. Treatment of a third case with indomethacin and ascorbic acid from the beginning produced shrinkage of the tumor which has continued to date.
Diagnosis of hepatoma by scintigraphy using multiple radionuclides
Authors: Lee Victor W. , Estabaya Eli , Shapiro Jerome H.
Published: February 2007

The conventional liver scan, using 99mTC‐sulfur colloid, is very sensitive in detecting focal abnormalities, but it is nonspecific, since most lesions appear as “cold” defects. Liver scan can be much more specific if the right combination of the many available radiopharaceuticals is used. This fact is exemplified by our case report of hepatoma. All scans can be done noninvasively, with low radiation exposure to the patients.
Malignant mesotheliomas and chemotherapy
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Seddiq M. , Moore R.
Published: February 2007

Of 77 patients with mesotheliomas, 63.6% had pleural involvement, 31.2% had peritoneal involvement, and 5.2% had involvement at other sites. The presenting symptoms varied with the location of the primary. Surgery and irradiation did not appear to influence the course of the diffuse type. Of 41 patients given systemic chemotherapy, three patients had complete response and four had greater than 50% objective response (median survival 42.5 months); 18 patients had stabilization (median 12.8 months), and 16 showed no response (median 4.5 months). The difference in survival between responders and non‐responders was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Of 16 patients who received secondary chemotherapy, four had complete response (median survival 17.5 months), six had stabilization (median 10.5 months), and six had no response (median 2.5 months). Chemotherapy appears moderately effective in the treatment of mesotheliomas.
Bipedicle transverse abdominal cutaneofascial flap for reconstruction of lower thoracic wall defects
Authors: Auda Stephen P. , Sindelar William F. W
Published: February 2007

A simple reliable technique for reconstruction of low‐lying anterior thoracic wall defects following trauma or excision of neoplasms is illustrated by a case presentation and described. The bipedicle transverse abdominal cutaneofascial flap is based on the lateral cutaneous branches of the lower intercostal arteries, which offer an excellent blood supply allowing it to be raised and used even in the presence of radiated tissue. The potentials and contraindications for employing this flap are presented. The simplicity with which this flap can be raised and applied should make the general surgeon consider its use when indicated.
Bronchial malignant melanoma
Authors: Weshler Zeev , Sulkes Aaron , Kopolovitch Juri , Leviatan Avigdor , Shifrin Edward
Published: February 2007

We describe a case of malignant melanoma presenting initially as an endobronchial lesion located in the left main bronchus causing total atelectasis. This resolved with radiation therapy. Widespread metastases developed shortly thereafter.

The differential diagnosis of primary and metastatic bronchial malignant melanoma is discussed. Other isolated case reports are reviewed.
The immune response to prostate cancer: An evaluation and a review
Authors: Guinan P. , Bhatti R. , Sharifi R. , Sundar B. , Nagubadi S. , Baumgartner G.
Published: February 2007

The effects of stage and therapy of prostate cancer on the immune response were evaluated in 193 patients with an histologic diagnosis of prostatic malignancy. There was little or no effect, as measured by these generally nonspecific tests, on the immune response. The host‐tumor immune interaction is difficult to evaluate in prostate cancer. The complexities of measuring prostate tumor immunity are discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Suppressive effects of thiopental and halothane on specific arms of the immune response
Authors: Lovett Edmund J. , Alderman James , Munster Edward , Lundy Joel
Published: February 2007

The effect of thiopental, halothane and surgery on specific arms of the immune response of normal mice was studied. These experiments represent the first step in localizing a potentially correctable anesthesia/surgery‐induced defect in immune reactivity which may be involved with postoperative increases in tumor growth. The delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response of mice to 2,4‐dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was studied. Combinations of induction and inhalation anesthesia and surgery were administered at various phases of the immune response to DNCB. Thiopental impaired the afferent response while halothane impaired the efferent response. When the agents were combined, both arms of the immune response were suppressed. A surgical procedure, in most experiments, did not produce a greater immunosuppression than thiopental and halothane. The administration of an immunorestorative agent, thiabendazole, returned reactivity to normal levels. Thiopental and halothane either affect different immune cell populations or they affect different functions of a cell population active in both arms of the DTH response. In relation to tumor growth, the degree of suppression may not be as significant as the cell population impaired.
Primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors: A study of three cases
Authors: Dosios T. , Sbokos C. , McMillan I. K. R. , Mitchell J. , Floros D.
Published: February 2007

Three patients with primary malignant mediastinal germ cell tumors are presented and the literature is briefly reviewed. A great disparity exists in the literature regarding the classification and differential diagnosis of these tumors. Resection and irradiation of seminomas give relatively satisfactory results. The prognosis of malignant teratomas, embryonal cell carcinomas and choriocarcinomas is poor, regardless of the mode of treatment.
Serum zinc, serum copper, and the Cu/Zn ratio in patients with epidermoid cancers of the head and neck
Authors: Garofalo J. A. , Erlandson E. , Strong E. W. , Lesser M. , Gerold F. , Spiro R. , Schwartz M. , Good R. A.
Published: February 2007

Serum zinc levels (SZL), serum copper levels (SCL), and the Cu/Zn ratio were evaluated in 50 patients with epidermoid cancer of the head and neck to treatment with respect to site and stage of disease. There was no significant difference in these parameters compared to healthy normal controls.

We could not appreciate any diagnostic or prognostic value in these parameters in patients with head and neck cancer. There was, however, a sex‐related difference for SZL in men with oral cavity and women with laryngeal lesions, and a trend toward decreasing SZL and increasing SCL and the Cu/Zn ratio with advanced stage of disease.
Evaluation of whole blood catalase estimation for diagnosis of malignancy
Authors: Fitzpatrick John , Bhargava Arvind , Bedwani Ramez , Gagnon Marcel
Published: February 2007

Whole blood catalase levels were estimated using a disc flotation method in 209 random patients with a wide variety of malignancies. Fifty patients had received no treatment, and the remainder, although having undergone prior therapy, had recurrent or metastatic disease at the time of the study. No relationship was found between the presence of cancer and catalase levels. A direct relationship was found for catalase with hemoglobin levels in both normal and patients' samples. Whole blood catalase is of no value in diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. The decreased catalase values found here and reported previously by others are the result of low hemoglobin levels found in many patients with cancer.
Primary oat cell carcinoma of the larynx: A case history and literature review
Authors: Jose Baby , Conley Joe G. , Tobin Daniel A. , Dorman David W.
Published: February 2007

A case of primary oat cell carcinoma of the larynx is described and the literature reviewed. The origin of this rare tumor and the natural history of the disease are discussed. The different treatment modalities carried out so far are described.
A clinicopathological study of primary gastrointestinal lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Saroj , Pant Girish C. , Gupta Saroj
Published: February 2007

A retrospective analysis of 48 cases of histologically proven primary gastrointestinal lymphoma was done. The analysis covered a 12‐year period from January 1966 through December 1977. Four percent of all malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract were of this type. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 1.8:1. The mean age of the patients was 21 years. The vagueness and variability of clinical features and nonspecific radiological findings were the main reasons for subjecting all the patients in this series to laparotomy. The most common site of involvement was the ileocecal region, followed by the ileum, the jejunum, and the stomach. Most of the cases were in an advanced stage of the disease as was suggested by the finding of lump in 60% and ascites in 20% of the cases. Radical resection, possible in only six cases, appears to be the best treatment. The effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were disappointing. Prognostically, cases of localized and polypoidal lesions of the small bowel and Hodgkin lymphoma showed better survival.
Studies on the alkaline phosphatase rise following colon ischemia
Authors: Williams Russell A. , Wilson Samuel E.
Published: February 2007

The elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) that develops in the dog after 24 hours of colon ischemia was studied to determine its tissue origin.

Portal, hepatic, and aortic blood were sampled but no difference in ALP level among these sites was found.

In sera shown to have a significant rise in ALP, other tests of liver function were unchanged from normal, suggesting the ALP did not originate from the liver.

On electrophoresis the “ischemic ALP” migrated faster than a known liver ALP standard but more slowly than an intestinal ALP sample.
Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin receptors associated with human malignant tumors
Authors: Krishnan Engikolai C. , Krishnan Leela , Jewell William R.
Published: February 2007

Over the past five years 86 malignant tumors were assayed for cell surface IgG, elutable Ag‐Ab complexes, and/or cell surface Fc receptors. Surface IgG was measured by indirect radioimmunoassay, using single‐cell suspensions and tumor eluates. Fc receptors in tissue sections were identified by the closed chamber technique. The results confirm our previous finding that human tumors are coated in vivo with IgG and that there is a population of cells within solid tumors capable of binding Ag‐Ab complexes. In addition, Ag‐Ab complexes appear to attach to the cell surface membrane by the Fc zone of antibody. Ag‐Ab binding was inhibited by antibody raised against the tumor. Indirect complement consumption assay indicated the presence of Ag‐Ab complexes in tumor eluates. It appears that most cell surface immunoglobulin is complexed.
Malignant melanoma of the upper extremities
Authors: Ariel Irving M.
Published: February 2007

There were 487 patients treated for malignant melanoma of the upper extremities at the Pack Medical Group in New York City between 1939 and 1967 inclusive, fourth in frequency (14.7%) of total malignant melanomas treated here, being exceeded by malignant melanoma of the trunk (34%), head and neck (23%), and the lower extremities (20%). A 10‐year survival rate of 342 determinate patients was 63%. Fourteen percent of the patients who died of melanoma died between the fifth and tenth years, indicating the need to report survival at the 10‐year span. Survival was equal for the sexes (61% male and 64% female). The majority of the patients had infiltrating melanomas (Clark's Level 4 and 5) with a survival rate of 62%. Ten patients with superficial spreading melanomas (Clark's Level 2 and 3) and juvenile melanomas enjoyed a 100% 10‐year survival. The worst prognosis was for six patients with amelanotic melanoma in that only two of ten survived ten years or longer. The question of elective axillary dissection remains elusive. In 106 patients classified as clinical Stage I, elective axillary dissection was performed in 55 instances, and 26 patients had microscopic evidence of metastases. Their 10‐year survival rate was 65%, slightly higher than 16 patients in whom no elective axillary dissection was performed, among whom six later developed evidence of metastases, underwent therapeutic node dissections, and had a 10‐year survival of 56%. Radical amputation is occasionally indicated with great palliation and often prolongation of life.
Leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland and its angiographic features: A case report
Authors: Choi Sung H. , Liu Kuochin
Published: February 2007

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the adrenal gland is reported. This is a rare neoplasm at this location and actually may arise from the venous wall of the gland. Angiographically, this lesion is demonstrated as a vascular mass with early draining of the vein.
Side effects to levamisole given to neoplastic patients as adjuvant to surgery: A new case of agranulocytosis
Authors: Colizza S. , Bagolan P. , Paola M. Di
Published: February 2007

Side‐effects to levamisole given as adjuvant to surgery in a consecutive series of 203 neoplastic patients are reported: Thirty‐four patients (16.7%) suffered gastric adverse reactions; 8 (3.9%) allergic; 6 (2.9%) intestinal; 6 (2.9% neurologic; 4 (1.9%) severe hyperthermia (more than 40.5°C); 3 (1.4%) flu‐like illness; 1 (0.4%) leucopenia; and 1 (0.4%) agranulocytosis. Withdrawal rate was 5.4% or 11 patients. Side effects appeared sex‐related (39.0% in females, 17.7% in males; with seven female dropouts out of 11), unrelated to other eventual adjuvant treatments, and reappearing at a new challenge with levamisole. The opportunity of very close control of patients taking levamisole for at least the first months is discussed.
Intracavitary bleomycin for the control of malignant effusions
Authors: Bitran Jacob D. , Brown Charles , Desser Richard K. , Kozloff Mark F. , Shapiro Charles , Billings Arthur A.
Published: February 2007

The results of treatment with intracavitary bleomycin are reported in twenty patients with a malignant pleural effusion and five patients with malignant ascites. The control rate was 17/20 (85%) patients with malignant pleural effusions and 3/5 (60%) patients with malignant ascites. Toxicities were minimal with fever being the most common side effect in four patients (16%). Bleomycin is an effective and nontoxic sclerosing agent.
Complications from staging laparotomy for hodgkin disease
Authors: Kaiser C. William
Published: February 2007

Nonspecific complications from staging laparotomy are usually related to general anesthesia or abdominal exploration. Specific complications for the procedure do exist: intubation difficulties during administration of anesthesia to patients with untreated mediastinal disease, sepsis in up to 20% of patients, depending on stage of disease and intensity of postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy, arterial and possibly venous thromboemboli from extensive retroperitoneal node dissection, pancreatitis, small bowel obstruction from adhesions to node biopsy sites, operative mishaps, subphrenic abscesses, and bleeding from liver biopsies. Certain patient subpopulations are at especially high risk for some of these complications and their identification and possible measures to minimize such problems are proposed.
Herpes simplex type 2 neutralization antibodies in patients with cancers of urinary bladder, prostate, and cervix
Authors: Lüleci Güven , Sakizli Meral , Günalp Altan , Erkan Ilhan , Remzi Dogan
Published: February 2007

In the blood samples obtained from a total of 68 patients with cancers of the urinary bladder, prostate, and cervix, who applied to the Departments of Urology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology of Hacettepe Medical Faculty, neutralizing antibodies were sought for against herpes simplex type 2 by neutralization test. The same test was applied to 35 control patients with no known malignancies. In contrast to the presence of the antibody in 62.86% of the control subjects, this ratio was 90.70% in patients with cancer of the urinary bladder, 87.50% in those with prostatic carcinoma, and 88.89% in those with cancer of the cervix.
Adrenal adenocarcinomas: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Uribe J. , Moore R.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐two patients with adrenal adenocarcinoma are reviewed. Eleven of them had symptoms suggestive of a hormonally functional tumor. The median survival in 17 patients who had the primary tumor removed was 13.5 months from the time of surgery, with one patient surviving disease‐free 19 years later. The median survival of 11 patients who did not have surgery owing to delays in diagnosis was 7.5 months from the onset of symptoms. Of six patients given O, P'DDD, two patients had objective regression, one partial, one complete. Early diagnosis may improve survival and curability of this malignant tumor.
Parenteral hyperalimentation in surgical patients with head and neck cancer: A randomized study
Authors: Sako Kumao , Loré John M. , Kaufman Sol , Razack Mohamed S. , Bakamjian Vahram , Reese Peter
Published: February 2007

Sixty‐nine patients were entered in a randomized study to determine the usefulness and practicality of parenteral hyperalimentation (TPN) in preparing and supporting patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radical resections.

The patients were stratified by nutritional status and prognosis and randomization were done within each strata to TPN or control. Minimum full TPN was given at 35 calories/kgm/day for at least 14 days postoperatively. Eight patients received preoperative TPN also. Control patients received customary enteral alimentation by feeding tubes. Under the conditions of this particular study, the administration schedules, and type of solutions used, we were unable to demonstrate any superiority of TPN over conventional enteral nutrition in terms of immune parameters, wound healing, complications, and survival.
Surgical treatment of metastatic disease in the thyroid gland
Authors: Ericsson Mats , Biörklund Ander , Cederquist Ebbe , Ingemansson Stig , Åkerman Måns
Published: February 2007

Metastatic disease in the thyroid gland is uncommon in clinical practice. Preoperative investigation with thyroid scan and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy verified or strongly suggested metastatic disease in seven out of nine patients. All patients were treated by thyroid surgery. Three patients died within 4 months in disseminated disease. The remaining seven patients had a survival rate of between 1 and 5 years. Three patients are still alive 12, 29, and 48 months after thyroid surgery. Surgical treatment for metastatic disease in the thyroid, especially due to metastatic renal carcinoma and melanoma, is recommended.
Malignant tumors of the nasopharynx
Authors: Baker Shan Ray
Published: February 2007

One hundred and twenty patients with malignancy of the nasopharynx were reviewed. The most common presenting symptoms of this disease were cervical mass and hearing loss. Neoplasm occurred three times more frequently in males than in females. Cranial nerve dysfunction was present in 17.5% of patients at the time of initial evaluation.

The overall 3‐ and 5‐year determinate survival for the entire series of nasopharyngeal malignancies was 38.9, and 27.0%, respectively. Nonsquamous cell malignancies demonstrated a better 5‐year survival (42%) than squamous cell and undifferentiated neoplasms (24%).

The presence of cervical metastases offered a poorer prognosis. A 39.6% 5‐year survival was recorded for patients without nodal disease. Massive lymphadenopathy or bilateral cervical metastases forecasted an ominous 5‐year survival of 13.6%.

Control rate was greatest among patients with tumors restricted to one area of the nasopharynx and without regional metastases. The 5‐year survival of such patients was 71.4% compared to 13.3% for patients having tumor extension beyond the nasopharynx producing cranial nerve impairment or bone erosion.
Ovarian metastases from colon carcinoma
Authors: Mason Miles H. , Kovalcik Paul J.
Published: February 2007

A case report describes a postmenopausal woman who presented with vaginal bleeding and a pelvic mass. She was found to have a colon cancer with a large metastasis in the right ovary. A review of the literature suggests that ovarian metastasis from a primary colon carcinoma is not rare. Frequently, the ovarian tumor causes symptoms sooner than the primary carcinoma. The presence of ovarian metastasis is associated with a poor prognosis. Consideration should be given to the performance of prophylactic oophorectomy during colon resections for carcinoma.
Tumors of the testis in two brothers: A case report
Authors: Wobbes Th. , Hoekstra H. J. , Sleyfer D. T. H. , Koops H. Schraffordt
Published: February 2007

This paper described two nontwin brothers with a nonseminoma tumor of a testicle: an embryonal carcinoma in one and an embryonal carcinoma with seminomatous components in the other. Testicular tumors of the same type have the same frequency in twin brothers as in nontwin brothers. For the present, there is no insight into the genetic influence in the pathogenesis of testicular tumors.
The protection of small amounts of splenic tissue against intravenous pneumococcal challenge following subtotal splenectomy
Authors: Goldthorn Jane F. , New Bonnie A. , Schwartz Allen D.
Published: February 2007

The asplenic state increases susceptibility to overwhelming bacterial infection. We studied the ability of small amounts of splenic tissue to protect against intravenous pneumococcal challenge following subtotal splenectomy in which approximately 75% of the spleen was removed. Animals that had undergone subtotal splenectomy were more resistant to challenge than were asplenic animals, but were not as resistant as were control animals. The small amount of residual splenic tissue confers some degree of protection against intravenous bacterial challenge.
Malignant tumor emboli to the peripheral vessels
Authors: Vo Nghia M. , Sakurai Hideki , Gambarini Alberto J.
Published: February 2007

The first case of tumor emboli trapped in a popliteal aneurysm and the longest survivor for this condition are reported. The characteristics of 25 cases reported in the literature since 1940 and the mechanism of tumor spread are reviewed. Tumor emboli represent the late stage of a malignancy and treatment does not seem to affect long‐term survival.
Facilitation of cancer metastases by an air pollutant
Authors: Richters Arnis
Published: February 2007

An experimental model was designed to test the possibility that inhalation of a noxious air pollutant may facilitate the blood‐borne cancer cell metastasis to the lungs. Animals were exposed to inhalation of air containing 0.8 ppm of nitrogen dioxide for 12 weeks. After this period, animals were infused intravenously with melanoma cells, and 3 weeks later lungs were examined for metastases. The results indicate that NO2exposed animals develop significantly higher number of lung metastases (P < 0.0025) than the controls. Such results raise the possibility that the inhalation of NO2 from ambient air may facilitate the seeding and proliferation of blood‐borne cancer cells in the human lung.
Management of early glottic cancer
Authors: Jose Baby , Mohammed Alyas , Calhoun David L. , Tobin Daniel A. , Scott Ralph M.
Published: February 2007

A detailed retrospective analysis of 136 patients with early glottic cancer treated at the University of Louisville, Radiation Center from October, 1953 to December, 1975 was done. Majority of the patients were in the age range of 55 to 74 years. Of them, 89% were male and 85% were Caucasian. The most common histological type was squamous cell carcinoma. The adjusted 5‐year survival rate was 84%, with a standard error of 3%. Of these patients, 18% had local failures, and 68% of which were salvaged by surgery. The overall local control rate was 93%. The median time to recurrence was 23 months. There was no case of laryngeal necrosis, and a good function of larynx was achieved in a majority of the patients. Eighteen second cancers were diagnosed in 17 patients during the follow‐up. A brief review of the literature is also done in the paper.
Sarcoma of the maxillary sinus in a patient with malignant melanoma: Report of a case
Authors: Kress Donald W. , Miller Stephen H. , Graham William P.
Published: February 2007

A patient with a level II malignant melanoma arising in a lentigo maligna later developed a spindle cell sarcoma of the maxillary sinus which proved fatal. Criteria for the reporting of multiple malignancies, incidence, and possible etiologies are discussed.
Comparison of histologic subtypes of multiple biopsies of malignant lymphoma
Authors: Lee Yeu‐tsu N.(Margaret) , Hori Jose M.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study of 163 patients with Hodgkin disease and 364 patients with other lymphomas who were admitted to one Cancer Hospital (1940–1971). All the histological slides were reviewed and reclassified by one pathologist. In patients who had multiple and sequential biopsies (16 with Hodgkin disease and 97 with non‐Hodgkin lymphomas), the histological subtypes remained the same in over 60% of the case. When changes did occur, the neoplasms progressed toward histologically more malignant forms.
Familial bilateral breast cancer
Authors: Al‐Jurf Adel S. , Urdaneta Luis F. , Jochimsen Peter R. , Stamler Frederic W.
Published: February 2007

The occurrence of bilateral breast cancers in three members of one family is reported. In two members, evidence of a distinct primary lesion in each breast was verified. The occurrence of unilateral breast cancer and other cancers in other members of the family was surveyed. Recommendations for early detection and surveillance in familial breast cancer at the present time should be by aggressive and close follow‐up of the affected members. Absence of reliable markers preclude effective surveillance for early detection or susceptibility.
Management of the undescended testis in relation to the development of cancer
Authors: Welvaart K. , Tijssen J. G. P.
Published: February 2007

The undescended testis carries an increased risk of cancer; however, the exact individual risk of a cryptorchist during his life to develop cancer is unknown. The risk of developing cancer can be calculated from three important figures: (a) the number of cryptorchists in the population; (b) the number of malignant testicular tumors found in undescended testicles; and (c) the number of testicular tumors per annum. In the literature, a 48 times increased chance to develop testicular cancer is accepted; it is a high risk which is contrary to the fact that a malignant cryptorchid testis is a very rare disease. Based on the estimated risk for the cryptorchist in the Netherlands to develop testicular cancer, this article criticizes the value of the figures that are generally used to calculate the individual risk; it is concluded that even today the exact risk is unknown. In giving advice concerning the management of undescended testis, one must appreciate not only the supposed cancer risk, but also take into consideration morbidity and mortality after prophylactic orchidectomy and improved cure rates after electively treated testicular tumors.
Serum β2—microglobulin and carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gastric disorders
Authors: Satake Katsusuke , Kitamura Teruo , Ishikawa Tetsuro , Mukai Ryuichiro , Yoshimoto Takayuki , Chung Yong‐Suk , Umeyama Kaoru
Published: February 2007

A comparative study of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and β2‐microglobulin in serum was made by radioimmunoassay in 121 patients with gastric disease. There was no statistical difference in serum CEA and β2‐microglobulin in patients with benign gastric disease, early gastric carcinoma, and advanced gastric carcinoma. However, CEA levels in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma were higher than those in benign gastric disease and in early gastric carcinoma but β2‐microglobulin did not show any differences. Furthermore, after total removal of the tumor, the elevated CEA levels decreased but β2‐microglobulin remained unchanged. We concluded that CEA appeared to predict tumor behavior more accurately in patients with gastric carcinoma than β2‐microglobulin.
Renal cell carcinoma metastatic to skeletal muscle mass: A case report
Authors: Karakousis C. P. , Rao U. , Jennings E.
Published: February 2007

An unusual case of metastases to the right thigh muscles and region of the external iliac vessels is presented. This followed 5 1/2 years following a right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. The patient's metastases were removed and one year later the patient remains free of recurrence.
Human melanoma growth in the peritoneal cavity of the athymic mouse—A model for in vivo study of cell‐mediated immunity
Authors: Akimaru Koho , Stuhlmiller Gary M. , Seigler H. F.
Published: February 2007

Intraperitoneal injections of 2 × 107 SH‐Me cells (human metastatic melanoma cells) to 20 Balb/c nu/nu mice (Group A) and 1 × 107 cells to 20 mice (Group B) were performed. All animals were studied clinicopathologically. Five animals in Group A were sacrificed serially, revealing marked tumor growth of the melanoma within the peritoneal cavity. These tumors grew in multiple nodular configurations and tumor ascites was present by the third week. The remaining 15 animals in Group A were allowed to progress and seven subsequently died with mouse viral hepatitis (MVH). These animals had suppressed tumor growth. The remaining eight animals died of peritoneal carcinomatosis with survival time of 24.1 ± 5.0 days. Eight of the animals in Group B died of mouse viral hepatitis while the remainder died of peritoneal tumor without distant metastasis. Survival time in these animals was 23.8 ± 2.6 days. Both 2 × 107 and 1 × 107 tumor cells injected intraperitoneally will constantly produce tumor nodules in non‐MHV‐infected nude mice with similar survival. This experimental model has proven useful for in vivo study to assess the immunoreactivity of melanoma patient cells reactive against target tumor cells.