bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reproducibility and intratumoral heterogeneity of the PAM50 breast cancer assay
Authors: Hurson Amber N. , Hamilton Alina M. , Olsson Linnea T. , Kirk Erin L. , Sherman Mark E. , Calhoun Benjamin C. , Geradts Joseph , Troester Melissa A.
Published: March 2023

Background

The PAM50 assay is used routinely in clinical practice to determine breast cancer prognosis and management; however, research assessing how technical variation and intratumoral heterogeneity contribute to misclassification and reproducibility of these tests is limited.

Methods

We evaluated the impact of intratumoral heterogeneity on the reproducibility of results for the PAM50 assay by testing RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded breast cancer blocks sampled at distinct spatial locations. Samples were classified according to intrinsic subtype (Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-enriched, Basal-like, or Normal-like) and risk of recurrence with proliferation score (ROR-P, high, medium, or low). Intratumoral heterogeneity and technical reproducibility (replicate assays on the same RNA) were assessed as percent categorical agreement between paired intratumoral and replicate samples. Euclidean distances between samples, calculated across the PAM50 genes and the ROR-P score, were compared for concordant vs. discordant samples.

Results

Technical replicates (N = 144) achieved 93% agreement for ROR-P group and 90% agreement on PAM50 subtype. For spatially distinct biological replicates (N = 40 intratumoral replicates), agreement was lower (81% for ROR-P and 76% for PAM50 subtype). The Euclidean distances between discordant technical replicates were bimodal, with discordant samples showing higher Euclidian distance and biologic heterogeneity.

Conclusion

The PAM50 assay achieved very high technical reproducibility for breast cancer subtyping and ROR-P, but intratumoral heterogeneity is revealed by the assay in a small proportion of cases.
Short term outcome of myocarditis and pericarditis following COVID-19 vaccines: a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Galea Nicola , Cundari Giulia , Di Dedda Emanuele , Chimenti Cristina , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Barison Andrea , Cau Riccardo , Di Cesare Ernesto , Di Renzi Paolo , Esposito Antonio , Faletti Riccardo , Gatti Marco , Liguori Carlo , Lovato Luigi , Mantini Cesare , Monti Caterina Beatrice , Palmisano Anna , Pradella Silvia , Ricci Fabrizio , Saba Luca , Secchi Francesco , Catalano Carlo , Francone Marco
Published: March 2023

To evaluate clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) short-term follow-up (FU) in patients with vaccine-associated myocarditis, pericarditis or myo-pericarditis (VAMP) following COVID-19 vaccination. We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients (2 women, mean age: 31.7 ± 15.1 years) with clinical and CMR manifestations of VAMP, recruited from 13 large tertiary national centers. Inclusion criteria were troponin raise, interval between the last vaccination dose and onset of symptoms < 25 days and symptoms-to-CMR < 20 days. 29/44 patients underwent a short-term FU-CMR with a median time of 3.3 months. Ventricular volumes and CMR findings of cardiac injury were collected in all exams. Mean interval between the last vaccination dose and the onset of symptoms was 6.2 ± 5.6 days. 30/44 patients received a vaccination with Comirnaty, 12/44 with Spikevax, 1/44 with Vaxzevria and 1/44 with Janssen (18 after the first dose of vaccine, 20 after the second and 6 after the “booster” dose). Chest pain was the most frequent symptom (41/44), followed by fever (29/44), myalgia (17/44), dyspnea (13/44) and palpitations (11/44). At baseline, left ventricular ejection fraction (LV-EF) was reduced in 7 patients; wall motion abnormalities have been detected in 10. Myocardial edema was found in 35 (79.5%) and LGE in 40 (90.9%) patients. Clinical FU revealed symptoms persistence in 8/44 patients. At FU-CMR, LV-EF was reduced only in 2 patients, myocardial edema was present in 8/29 patients and LGE in 26/29. VAMPs appear to have a mild clinical presentation, with self-limiting course and resolution of CMR signs of active inflammation at short-term follow-up in most of the cases.
Invariant manifolds near $$L_1$$ and $$L_2$$ in the quasi-bicircular problem
Authors: Rosales José J. , Jorba Àngel , Jorba-Cuscó Marc
Published: March 2023

The quasi-bicircular problem (QBCP) is a periodic time-dependent perturbation of the Earth–Moon restricted three-body problem (RTBP) that accounts for the effect of the Sun. It is based on using a periodic solution of the Earth–Moon–Sun three-body problem to write the equations of motion of the infinitesimal particle. The paper focuses on the dynamics near the $$L_1$$

L
1

and $$L_2$$

L
2

points of the Earth–Moon system in the QBCP. By means of a periodic time-dependent reduction to the center manifold, we show the existence of two families of quasi-periodic Lyapunov orbits around $$L_1$$

L
1

(resp. $$L_2$$

L
2

) with two basic frequencies. The first of these two families is contained in the Earth–Moon plane and undergoes an out-of-plane (quasi-periodic) pitchfork bifurcation giving rise to a family of quasi-periodic Halo orbits. This analysis is complemented with the continuation of families of 2D tori. In particular, the planar and vertical Lyapunov families are continued, and their stability analyzed. Finally, examples of invariant manifolds associated with invariant 2D tori around the $$L_2$$

L
2

that pass close to the Earth are shown. This phenomenon is not observed in the RTBP and opens the room to direct transfers from the Earth to the Earth–Moon $$L_2$$

L
2

region.
Sensitivity analysis of polar orbiter motion to lunar viscoelastic tidal deformation
Authors: Hu Xuanyu , Stark Alexander , Dirkx Dominic , Hussmann Hauke , Fienga Agnès , Briaud Arthur , Mémin Anthony , Melini Daniele , Fayolle Marie , Rambaux Nicolas , Baguet Daniel , Oberst Jürgen
Published: March 2023

We investigate the impact of viscoelastic tidal deformation of the Moon on the motion of a polar orbiter. The dissipative effects in the Moon’s interior, i.e., tidal phase lags, are modeled as Fourier series sampled at given frequencies associated with linear combinations of Delaunay arguments, the fundamental parameters describing the lunar motion around the Earth and the Sun. We implement the tidal model to evaluate the temporal lunar gravity field and the induced perturbation on the orbiter. We validate the numerical scheme via a frequency analysis of the perturbed orbital motion. We show that, in the case of the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter at a low altitude of less than 200 km, the main lunar tides and hence the potential Love numbers around the monthly and some multiple frequencies are dynamically separable. The omission of those effects in practice introduces a position error at the level of a few decimeters within 10 days.
Shifting range in a stingless bee leads to pre-mating reproductive interference between species
Authors: Paul Grace , Bartels Louisa , Bueno Francisco Garcia Bulle , Law Genevieve , Heard Tim , Chapman Nadine , Buchmann Gabriele , Lim Julianne , Gloag Rosalyn
Published: March 2023

Human-induced shifts in species’ ranges can increase contact between closely related species and lead to reproductive interference. In Australia, climate change and trade in stingless bee colonies is increasing the range overlap of two cryptic species: Tetragonula carbonaria and T. hockingsi. To investigate reproductive interactions between these species, we validated a diagnostic-PCR test based on the mitochondrial gene COI to ID field specimens to species. We then assessed the likelihood of reproductive interference in four ways. First, we imaged the male genitalia of each species and found no evidence of reproductive character displacement. Second, we assessed species composition of mating aggregations in an area of sympatry (Southeast Queensland) and confirmed that some males join the mating aggregations of interspecific colonies. Third, we translocated T. hockingsi colonies into the southern range of T. carbonaria (Sydney) and tracked their ability to requeen. These translocated colonies attracted mating aggregations comprised almost entirely of interspecific males, but never formed hybrid colonies; instead, queens either mated with their brothers, or the colony failed to requeen at all. Finally, we presented T. carbonaria males with either conspecific or interspecific virgin queens and found that males attempted to mate only with their own species’ queens. In all, we conclude that reproductive barriers between these species are complete with respect to “short-range” mating cues, but not for “long-range” mate attraction cues. Our study highlights that hive movements can increase some forms of pre-mating reproductive interference between managed bee species, even where the species do not actually mate or hybridize.
Exploring the Risk of Resulting in Homicide and Suicide in Spanish Missing Person Cases
Authors: García-Barceló Néstor , Córcoles Miguel Ángel Alcázar , Menéndez Javier Revuelta , Woolnough Penny , Álvarez José Luis González
Published: March 2023

The study explores in depth the relationship between missing persons’ psychosocial and criminological characteristics/circumstances and violent-fatal outcomes (suicide and homicide). A relational analytical explicative study of 929 cases and controls was designed using a retrospective and stratified design. Data gathering was conducted through the content analysis of judicial and police information, as well as the development of psychological autopsy techniques and semi-structured interviews with the persons involved in the missing person cases including offenders in prison. Bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques were utilised for analyses. The findings showed that there are different risk and protective factors which can distinguish between good state of health, suicide, and homicide outcomes. This research entails implications for prevention and police risk assessment system.
Mega infrastructure projects and their contribution to sustainable development: the case of the Athens Metro
Authors: Mitoula Roido , Papavasileiou Angelos
Published: March 2023

This paper examines the critical role of Mega Infrastructure Projects in sustainable urban and peripheral development by presenting a Sustainable Infrastructure Serum Analysis supported by primary field research. In the Athens Metro case study, we examined the project's impact on sustainable development by analysing the opinions of the project's users. As a result, the Athens Metro serves as a case study to help us better understand sustainable infrastructure as a framework for green growth from the standpoint of society. The three pillars of sustainable development are inextricably linked. This study focuses on the social comprehension and acceptance of a Mega Infrastructure Project effects. We attempt to demonstrate the interdependence of the three pillars of sustainable development through public opinion responses to our research by developing a statistical model fed by public responses to a prototype questionnaire that we developed to support our research objectives. The study's findings highlighted the project's social acceptability and necessity by establishing a direct positive correlation between sustainability, society, the economy, and the environment from the standpoint of society.
A Dual Variational Principle for Nonlinear Dislocation Dynamics
Authors: Acharya Amit
Published: March 2023

A dual variational principle is defined for the nonlinear system of PDE describing the dynamics of dislocations in elastic solids. The dual variational principle accounting for a specified set of initial and boundary conditions for a general class of PDE is also developed.
Swelling Induced Twist in Hyperelastic Tubes Due to Spiral Patterned Biasing Fibers in the Cross Section
Authors: Demirkoparan Hasan , Pence Thomas J.
Published: March 2023

Simple fiber reinforcing patterns can serve to guide deformations in specialized ways if the material experiences expansion due to some sort of swelling phenomenon. This occurs even when the only activation is via the material swelling itself; the fibers being a passive hyperelastic material embedded in a swellable hyperelastic matrix. Using anisotropic hyperelasticity where the usual incompressibility constraint is generalized to model swelling, we consider such fiber guided deformation in the context of a circular cylinder subject to uniform swelling. The material is taken to be transversely isotropic with a fiber pattern corresponding to helical spirals in each cross section. This paper extends previous work which had examined a traction free outer radius that expanded while the inner radius was held fixed. Because of the spiral pattern, the tube in these previous studies exhibited increasing twist as the swelling proceeded. The problem considered here takes both inner and outer radius as free surfaces, thus causing the amount of radial expansion itself to be unknown. It is found that the spiral fiber pattern again induces a twist, and that this pattern also influences the nature of the radial expansion.
Conformal Deformations of a Dilational Material Surface
Authors: Chen Yi-chao , Fried Eliot
Published: March 2023

Dilational materials, for which the angles between pairs of material fibers are preserved under deformations, are an important class of metamaterials. Although these materials are typically made by assembling discrete elemental building blocks in repeating patterns, continuum mechanics provides a powerful tool for exploring their macroscopic properties and response. We present an analysis of the constraint, the constitutive relation, and the equilibrium equations for homogeneous and isotropic dilational elastic material surfaces. We also describe the possibility of penalizing deviations from local area preservation to yield a framework for approximating isometric deformations of unstretchable elastic material surfaces.
Spatiotemporal analysis of lake chlorophyll-a with combined in situ and satellite data
Authors: Kallio K. , Malve O. , Siivola E. , Kervinen M. , Koponen S. , Lepistö A. , Lindfors A. , Laine M.
Published: March 2023

We estimated chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration using various combinations of routine sampling, automatic station measurements, and MERIS satellite images. Our study site was the northern part of the large, shallow, mesotrophic Lake Pyhäjärvi located in southwestern Finland. Various combinations of measurements were interpolated spatiotemporally using a data fusion system (DFS) based on an ensemble Kalman filter and smoother algorithms. The estimated concentrations together with corresponding 68% confidence intervals are presented as time series at routine sampling and automated stations, as maps and as mean values over the EU Water Framework Directive monitoring period, to evaluate the efficiency of various monitoring methods. The mean Chl-a calculated with DFS in June–September was 6.5–7.5 µg/l, depending on the observations used as input. At the routine monitoring station where grab samples were used, the average uncertainty (standard deviation, SD) decreased from 2.7 to 1.6 µg/l when EO data were also included in the estimation. At the automatic station, located 0.9 km from the routine monitoring site, the SD was 0.7 µg/l. The SD of spatial mean concentration decreased from 6.7 to 2.9 µg/l when satellite observations were included in June–September, in addition to in situ monitoring data. This demonstrates the high value of the information derived from satellite observations. The conclusion is that the confidence of Chl-a monitoring could be increased by deploying spatially extensive measurements in the form of satellite imaging or transects conducted with flow-through sensors installed on a boat and spatiotemporal interpolation of the multisource data.
The future of employment revisited: how model selection affects digitization risks
Authors: Lorenz Hanno , Stephany Fabian , Kluge Jan
Published: March 2023

The uniqueness of human labour is at question in times of smart technologies. As computing power and data available increases, the discussion on technological unemployment reawakens. Prominently, Frey and Osborne (Technol Forecast Soc Change 114:254–280, 2017) estimated that half of US employment must be considered exposed to computerization within the next 20 years; followed by a series of papers expanding the research with information on heterogeneous job-specific tasks within the same jobs diminishing digitization potentials to only smaller fractions of workers at high risk. The main contribution of our work is to show that the diversity of previous findings regarding the degree of digitization is additionally driven by model selection. For our case study, we consult experts in machine learning and industry professionals on the susceptibility to digital technologies in the Austrian labour market. Our results indicate that, while clerical computer-based routine jobs are likely to change in the next decade, professional activities, such as the processing of complex information, are less prone to digital change.
Has the Russian invasion of Ukraine reinforced anti-globalization sentiment in Austria?
Authors: Gutmann Jerg , Pitlik Hans , Fronaschütz Andrea
Published: March 2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused disruptions in international trade and highlighted the dependency of small open economies in Europe on imports, especially of energy. These events may have changed Europeans’ attitude towards globalization. We study two waves of representative population surveys conducted in Austria, one right before the Russian invasion and the other two months later. Our unique dataset allows us to assess changes in the Austrian public’s attitudes towards globalization and import dependency as a short-term reaction to economic turbulences and geopolitical upheaval at the onset of war in Europe. We show that two months after the invasion, anti-globalization sentiment in general has not spread, but that people have become more concerned about strategic external dependencies, especially in energy imports, suggesting that citizens’ attitudes regarding globalization are differentiated.
Catalysing the monitoring and evaluation of Nationally Determined Contributions through North–South cooperation
Authors: Abanda F. H. , Chia E. L. , Enongene K. E. , Fobissie K. , Manjia M. B. , Pettang C.
Published: March 2023

The recent 6th Assessment Report by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has been damning to the world. An overwhelming amount of evidence that Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) can contribute to stabilising or reversing the course of impacts of climate change is now common. Given the likely update of NDC measures compounded by their complexities and limited resources, it is imperative to adopt effective Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) systems to ensure that NDCs achieve their planned objectives. Effective roll-out and M&E of NDCs require full participation from all actors in various countries. However, despite existing evidence that shows the developing countries are the most affected by climate change, the role of their researchers in climate change research is not known. Therefore, the need to investigate the global North–South disparities and develop an agenda for future research about NDCs is imperative. To address this gap, a systematic review was undertaken using appropriate terms in Web of Science, Dimensions and ScienceDirect to identify relevant literature. The analysis of the identified literature led to two main findings. Firstly, most studies about NDCs are conducted by global North research institutes and researchers with very little involvement of those from the global South. Secondly, there is a global paucity of research about M&E of NDCs measures. As a major recommendation, while countries should equitably contribute to rolling out NDC projects, research should play a key role and should be inclusive as possible representing voices from the global North and South.
Resistance QTLs controlling leaf and neck blast disease identified in a doubled haploid rice population
Authors: Korinsak Siripar , Sriprakhon Saengchai , Sirithunya Kanyanat , Sriwongchai Tanee , Wongsaprom Chanakarn , Plabpla Anucha , Vanavichit Apichart , Toojinda Theerayut
Published: March 2023

One of the biotic constraints in rice production worldwide is blast disease which can control by planting resistant varieties. To find out effective resistance, blast resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) were mapped against 20 and 3 virulent isolates for leaf blast and neck blast, respectively, using 111 doubled haploid lines from the cross of IR64 and Azucena. QTLs associated with leaf blast were found on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, and 12 (%R2 = 3.6 – 64.3), while neck blast linked QTLs were identified on chromosomes 1, 6, 10, and 12 (%R2 = 6.4 – 22.6). The new QTLs were identified on chromosome 1; however, most QTLs were mapped in the vicinity of resistance genes in previous references. The genetic relationship of leaf and neck blast was explained by the coincidence of detected QTLs and positive value of pathogenicity correlation (r = 4.5 – 4.7). This study provides reliable QTLs locations that will benefit rice breeding programs to develop new cultivars containing durable and broad-spectrum resistance to leaf and neck blast disease.
Abortion in International Human Rights Law: Missed Opportunities in Manuela v El Salvador
Authors: Smyth Rebecca
Published: March 2023

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights’ judgment in Manuela and Others v El Salvador represents a missed opportunity for advancing abortion access and sexual and reproductive health and rights in international human rights law (IHRL). Even though this case is representative of the multiple human right violations arising from El Salvador’s complete criminalisation of abortion and active prosecution of those suspected of having had the procedure, the Court shied away from engaging in a critique of El Salvador’s abortion legislation. Instead, it focused on issues relating to pre-trial detention, due process, and medical confidentiality. Despite growing consensus in IHRL that abortion must be decriminalised at a minimum in certain circumstances; indications that the inter-American human rights system subscribes to this position; and extensive evidence that El Salvador’s abortion legislation is resulting in human rights violations, the Court failed to use this judgment to articulate a clear and assertive position on the need for abortion access to realise sexual and reproductive health and rights.
SonOpt: understanding the behaviour of bi-objective population-based optimisation algorithms through sound
Authors: Asonitis Tasos , Allmendinger Richard , Benatan Matt , Climent Ricardo
Published: March 2023

We present an extension of SonOpt, the first ever openly available tool for the sonification of bi-objective population-based optimisation algorithms. SonOpt has already introduced benefits on the understanding of algorithmic behaviour by proposing the use of sound as a medium for the process monitoring of bi-objective optimisation algorithms. The first edition of SonOpt utilised two different sonification paths to provide information on convergence, population diversity, recurrence of objective values across consecutive generations and the shape of the approximation set. The present extension provides further insight through the introduction of a third sonification path, which involves hypervolume contributions to facilitate the understanding of the relative importance of non-dominated solutions. Using a different sound generation approach than the existing ones, this newly proposed sonification path utilizes pitch deviations to highlight the distribution of hypervolume contributions across the approximation set. To demonstrate the benefits of SonOpt we compare the sonic results obtained from two popular population-based multi-objective optimisation algorithms, Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) and Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm based on Decomposition (MOEA/D), and use a Multi-objective Random Search (MRS) approach as a baseline. The three algorithms are applied to numerous test problems and showcase how sonification can reveal various aspects of the optimisation process that may not be obvious from visualisation alone. SonOpt is available for download athttps://github.com/tasos-a/SonOpt-2.0.
Finsler pp-waves and the Penrose limit
Authors: Aazami Amir Babak , Javaloyes Miguel Ángel , Werner Marcus C.
Published: March 2023

We extend the notion of a Lorentzian pp-wave to that of Finsler spacetimes by providing a coordinate-independent definition of a Finsler pp-wave with respect to the Chern connection; our definition also includes the special case of a plane wave. This treatment introduces suitable lightlike coordinates, in analogy with the Lorentzian case, and utilizes the anisotropic calculus recently developed by one of the authors. We then extend Penrose’s “plane wave limit” to the setting of Finsler spacetimes. New examples of such Finsler pp-waves are also presented.
Antecedents and Consequences of Child Externalizing Problems: Differences in Dynamic Parent–Child Processes
Authors: Somers Jennifer A. , Stiles Kelsey , MacNaughton Gabrielle A. , Schiff Sara J. , Shen Yixuan , Lee Steve S.
Published: March 2023

Given that noncompliance is the most common externalizing problem during middle childhood and reliably predicts significant conduct problems, innovations in elucidating its etiology are sorely needed. Evaluation of in-the-moment antecedents and consequences of child noncompliance improves traction on this goal, given that multiple theories contend that child noncompliance and parent behavior mutually influence each other through negative reciprocation as well as contingent praise processes. Among a sample of 140 families (child age: 6–10 years; 32.1% female), the present study capitalized on intensive repeated measures of observed child noncompliance and parent negative talk and praise objectively coded during three unique tasks. We employed dynamic structural equation modeling to evaluate within-dyad parent–child behavioral dynamics and between-dyad differences therein. Results provided mixed support for hypotheses and suggested that antecedents and consequences of child noncompliance differed according to task demands and child ADHD symptoms. Contrary to models of coercive cycles, during child-led play, parent negative talk was more likely following prior child noncompliance, but child noncompliance was less likely following prior parent negative talk. As expected, during parent-led play, parent praise was less likely following prior child noncompliance, which was also less likely following prior parent praise. Relative to youth with fewer symptoms, for children with elevated ADHD symptoms, during a challenging clean-up task, child noncompliance was less stable and less contingent on prior parent negative talk. Results are discussed in terms of their implications of real-time parent–child interactions for typical and atypical development of externalizing problems.
One-year outcomes in patients undergoing very high-power short-duration ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Solimene Francesco , Strisciuglio Teresa , Schillaci Vincenzo , Arestia Alberto , Shopova Gergana , Salito Armando , Bottaro Giuseppe , Marano Giovanni , Coltorti Fernando , Stabile Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

Background

The very high-power short-duration (vHPSD) temperature-controlled ablation (vHPSD) improves the efficiency of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) procedures.

We evaluated the procedural and 12-months outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients undergoing PVI by means of vHPSD ablation. In patients with AF or atrial tachyarrythmia (AT) recurrence undergoing a redo procedure the durability of the PVI was investigated.

Methods

Consecutive paroxysmal/persistent AF patients undergoing PVI with the vHPSD ablation strategy (90 W, for 4 s) were enrolled. The rate of PVI, first-pass isolation, acute reconnection, and procedural complications were evaluated. Follow-up examinations and EKG were scheduled at 3,6, and 12 months. In case of AF/AT recurrence, patients underwent a redo procedure.

Results

Overall, 163 AF patients (29 persistent and 134 paroxysmal) were enrolled. The PVI was reached in 100% of patients (88% at the first pass). The rate of acute reconnection was 2%. The radiofrequency, fluoroscopy and procedural times were respectively 5.5 ± 1 min, 9 ± 1 min and 75 ± 20 min. No death, tamponade nor steam pops occurred; however, 5 patients had vascular complications. The 12-months freedom from AF/AT recurrence was 86% in both paroxysmal and persistent patients. Overall, 9 patients underwent a redo procedure, and in 4 all veins were still isolated, whereas in 5 pulmonary vein reconnections were found. The PVI durability was 78%. No overt clinical complications were observed in the follow-up.

Conclusions

The vHPSD ablation represents an effective and safe ablation strategy to achieve PVI. The 12-months follow-up showed high freedom from AF/AT recurrence and a good safety profile.
Saproxylic Hymenoptera in dead wood retained on clear cuts, relation to wood parameters and their degree of specialisation
Authors: Jonsell Mats , Vårdal Hege , Forshage Mattias , Stigenberg Julia
Published: March 2023

Intensive forestry is a threat to biodiversity, and therefore actions are made to mitigate this loss. The actions are, however, designed based on available knowledge about the requirements of species, and for saproxylic insects this concerns mainly Coleoptera, while the diverse but poorly known Hymenoptera has contributed less. In this paper we therefore asked whether the substrate requirements of Hymenoptera (divided as parasitoids and non-parasitoids) are similar to those of Coleoptera and Diptera. We used an insect material reared from logging residue wood for the comparison. Theoretically parasitoid Hymenoptera should be less specialised than Coleoptera and other host species as they belong to a higher trophic level. However, we found no such difference and even an opposite trend, that parasitoids were more specialised than beetles. Parasitoids had significantly more species in newly dead wood of fine diameter (1–4 cm, compared to coarse wood of 8–15 cm) compared to other groups. This is probably due to that many of them have bark beetles as hosts. The non-parasitoids were less specialised than the other groups and more confined to old wood (4–5 years), which is in line with that many of them are aculeate wasps building nests in emergence holes from other insects.

Implications for insect conservation

The habitat requirements of Hymenoptera suggest that the conservation actions designed for the well known groups are also applicable for them. The parasitoids’ association to trivial substrates (fine wood) suggest a good supply of breeding habitat, whereas their high specialisation in combination with higher trophic level suggest they contain an even higher proportion of threatened species than Coleoptera. How this is traded off needs further studies.
Money Matters: Time for Prevention and Early Intervention to Address Family Economic Circumstances
Authors: Axford Nick , Berry Vashti
Published: March 2023

Child poverty is associated with poorer physical and mental health, negative educational outcomes and adverse long-term social and psychological consequences, all of which impact on service demand and expenditure. Until now, however, prevention and early intervention practice has tended to focus on enhancing inter-parental relationships and parenting skills (e.g., via relationship skills education, home visiting, parenting programs, family therapy) or child language, social-emotional and life skills (e.g., early childhood education, school-based programs, youth mentoring). Programs often target low-income neighborhoods or families but rarely address povertydirectly. While there is substantial evidence for the effectiveness of such interventions in improving child outcomes, null results are not uncommon and even positive effects are often small, short-term, and difficult to replicate. One avenue to enhance intervention effectiveness is to improve families’ economic circumstances. There are several arguments for this refocusing. It is arguably unethical to focus on individual risk without acknowledging or seeking to address (where relevant) families’ social and economic contexts, while the stigma and material constraints associated with poverty can make it harder for families to engage with psychosocial support. There is also evidence that increasing household income improves child outcomes. Although national policies to alleviate poverty are important, it is increasingly recognized that practice-based initiatives have a role to play (e.g., income maximization, devolved budgets, money management support). However, knowledge about their implementation and effectiveness is relatively thin. For instance, there is some evidence that co-located welfare rights advice in healthcare settings can improve recipients’ financial circumstances and health, but it is mixed and of limited quality. Moreover, there is little rigorous research on whether and how such services affect mediators (parent-child interactions, parenting capacity) and/or child physical and psychosocial outcomes directly. We call for prevention and early intervention programs to attend more to families’ economic circumstances, and for experimental studies to test their implementation, reach and effectiveness.
The temporal evolution of induced seismicity sequences generated by low-pressure, long-term fluid injection
Authors: Watkins Thomas J. M. , Verdon James P. , Rodríguez-Pradilla Germán
Published: March 2023

Traffic light schemes (TLSs) are commonly used to mitigate induced seismicity caused by subsurface fluid injection. Verdon and Bommer (J Seismol 25:301–326, 2021a) investigated the validity of the implicit assumptions that underpin the successful functioning of TLSs. In particular, they examined the extent to which magnitude jumps (sudden increases in event magnitudes from any preceding seismicity) and trailing events (continued increases in seismicity levels after the end of injection) took place in hydraulic fracturing (HF) induced seismicity sequences. Other technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS), wastewater disposal (WWD) and natural gas storage (NGS) involve the gradual but long-term injection of large fluid volumes at low pressure. Hence, we might expect to see a different spatial and temporal evolution of magnitudes for seismicity induced by low-pressure, long-term (LPLT) injections compared to HF. In this study, we compile cases of LPLT injection-induced seismicity in order to examine their temporal evolution. We examine the occurrence of magnitude jumps, trailing events and onset times for seismicity after the initiation of injection. We find that few LPLT injections have produced trailing events, and that magnitude jumps are typically below 1.5 magnitude units. The timescale of event occurrence (relative to the onset of injection) is highly variable, likely reflecting site-specific conditions. For long-term injection, we observe a trend for the largest events to occur within the earlier part of each sequence, with magnitudes then stabilising, or even reducing, as injection continues. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the next record breaking event (NRBE) model as a method for forecasting induced event magnitudes, finding that this method performs reasonably well in most cases, but that in some cases the largest event significantly exceeds this model.
Not Next to You: Peer Rejection, Sociodemographic Characteristics and the Moderating Effects of Classroom Composition
Authors: Hjalmarsson Simon , Fallesen Peter , Plenty Stephanie
Published: March 2023

While a range of sociodemographic characteristics are associated with a greater risk of peer rejection at school, it is currently unclear how key theoretical frameworks explaining rejection apply to such characteristics. This study examines how migration background, gender, household income, parental education and cognitive ability are linked to peer rejection. Building on person-group dissimilarity and social identity theory, the study assesses the moderating role of classroom composition and the extent to which students reject classmates who differ to themselves (i.e., outgroup derogation). Data is drawn from a nationally representative sample of 4215 Swedish eighth grade students (Mage = 14.7, SDage = 0.39; 67% of Swedish origin; 51% girls) in 201 classes. While rejection based on migration background, gender, household income and cognitive ability was moderated by the school-class composition, only the rejection of immigrant background students, boys and girls was related to outgroup derogation. Furthermore, Swedish origin students’ outgroup derogation increased as the share of immigrant background students decreased. Addressing social inequalities in rejection may require different strategies depending on sociodemographic characteristic.
The Phenomenology and Ethics of P-Centricity in Mental Capacity Law
Authors: Kong Camillia
Published: March 2023

Under the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (MCA) in England and Wales, the liberal commitments to subjective freedom guide obligations towards persons who do not lack capacity. For the subject of proceedings who might lack capacity (P), it is less clear as to what obligations orient best interests decision-making on their behalf. The UK Supreme Court has emphasised the centrality of ‘P-centricity’ in best interests decision-making, where there is the legal obligation to consider P’s subjective views and wishes in a holistic consideration of best interests. Unclarity nonetheless persists as to what is owed to P in the best interests standard, leading to the tendency to interpret obligations of P-centricity through the normative prism of subjective autonomy. This paper argues that such moves reduce the complex moral phenomenology of what a P-centric ethos entails. Instead, the phenomenological and ethical stance of moral considerability and recognition respect can best capture the enriched normative grounding for P-centric decision-making in mental capacity law.
Biochemical study of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome versus l-Dopa in experimentally induced Parkinson’s disease in rats
Authors: Mohamed Asmaa S. , Abdel-Fattah Dina S. , Abdel-Aleem Ghada A. , El-Sheikh Thanaa F. , Elbatch Manal M.
Published: March 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and ongoing neurological condition. Unfortunately, as the dopaminergic terminals continue to deteriorate, the effectiveness of anti-Parkinson therapy decreases. This study aimed to examine the effects of BM-MSCs-derived exosomes in rats induced with Parkinson’s disease. The goal was to determine their potential for neurogenic repair and functional restoration. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: control (group I), PD (group II), PD-l-Dopa (group III), and PD-exosome (group IV). Motor tests, histopathological examinations, and immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase were performed on brain tissue. The levels of α-synuclein, DJ-1, PARKIN, circRNA.2837, and microRNA-34b were measured in brain homogenates. Rotenone induced motor deficits and neuronal alterations. Groups (III) and (IV) showed improvement in motor function, histopathology, α-synuclein, PARKIN, and DJ-1 compared to group (II). Group (IV) showed improvement in microRNA-34b and circRNA.2837 compared to groups (III) and (II). MSC-derived exosomes showed a greater suppression of neurodegenerative disease (ND) compared to l-Dopa in Parkinson’s patients.

Graphical abstract
Modern Mobile Infrastructure in Transport and Forwarding
Authors: Huk Katarzyna , Kurowski Mateusz , Knapčíková Lucia , Tauberova Rebeka
Published: March 2023

Transport is one of the main branches of the economy and the costs associated with transport affect the prices of various goods and services to a large extent. Companies are constantly striving to optimize costs related to transport. Today they are largely dependent on fuel prices, but also on labor costs. Innovations in the field of transport solutions will be a response to emerging problems in the field of transport services. One of the directions of transport development is mobile infrastructure and autonomous vehicles for transport. In the article authors analyze the use of IT systems in transport and forwarding, and present the directions of innovations in this area. The article was based on the analysis of the literature and questionnaire research. The research methods used allowed to identify the problems faced by transport companies and those that use transport as their auxiliary activity. The main idea of this article is the need to implement standardized transport management systems. The aim of the article is to analyze the use of IT systems in transport and shipping and to present the possibilities and directions of innovation in this area. The article presents the level of use of IT systems dedicated to transport. It was based on the results of surveys conducted by the authors. The result of the conducted research is the idea of implementing a single IT system for transport, which will cover all aspects of transport management.
The Neuropsychological Assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect Through Computerized and Virtual Reality Tools: A Scoping Review
Authors: Terruzzi Stefano , Albini Federica , Massetti Gemma , Etzi Roberta , Gallace Alberto , Vallar Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

Unilateral Spatial Neglect is a disabling neuropsychological deficit. Patients with spatial neglect fail to detect and report events, and to perform actions in the side of space contralateral to a hemispheric cerebral lesion. Neglect is assessed by evaluating the patients’ abilities in daily life activities and by psychometric tests. Computer-based, portable and Virtual Reality technologies may provide more and precise data, and be more sensitive and informative, compared to current paper-and-pencil procedures. Studies since 2010, in which such technologies have been used, are reviewed. Forty-two articles meeting inclusion criteria are categorized according to their technological approaches (computer-, graphics tablet or tablet-, virtual reality-based assessment, and other). The results are promising. However, a definite golden standard, technologically based procedure cannot be still established. Developing technologically based tests is a laborious process, which requires technical and user experience improvements as well as normative data, to increase the evidence of efficacy for clinical evaluation of at least some of the tests considered in this review.
Real-time parameter updating for nonlinear digital twins using inverse mapping models and transient-based features
Authors: Kessels Bas M. , Fey Rob H. B. , van de Wouw Nathan
Published: March 2023

In the context of digital twins, it is essential that a model gives an accurate description of the (controlled) dynamic behavior of a physical system during the system’s entire operational life. Therefore, model updating techniques are required that enable real-time updating of physically interpretable parameter values and are applicable to a wide range of (nonlinear) dynamical systems. As traditional, iterative, parameter updating methods may be computationally too expensive for real-time updating, the inverse mapping parameter updating (IMPU) method is proposed as an alternative. For this method, first, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained offline using novel features of simulated transient response data. Then, in the online phase, this ANN maps, with little computational cost, a set of measured output response features to parameter estimates enabling real-time model updating. In this paper, various types of transient response features are introduced to update parameter values of nonlinear dynamical systems with increased computational efficiency and accuracy. To analyze the efficacy of these features, the IMPU method is applied to a (simulated) nonlinear multibody system. It is shown that a smart selection of features, based on, e.g., the frequency content of the transient response, can improve the accuracy of the estimated parameter values, leading to more accurate updated models. Furthermore, the generalization capabilities of the ANNs are analyzed for these feature types, by varying the number of training samples and assessing the effect of incomplete training data. It is shown that the IMPU method can predict parameter values that are not part of the training data with acceptable accuracy as well.
The aesthetics of coming to know someone
Authors: Lewis James H. P.
Published: March 2023

This paper is about the similarity between the appreciation of a piece of art, such as a cherished music album, and the loving appreciation of a person whom one knows well. In philosophical discussion about the rationality of love, the Qualities View (QV) says that love can be justified by reference to the qualities of the beloved. I argue that the oft-rehearsed trading-up objection fails to undermine the QV. The problems typically identified by the objection arise from the idea that love-worthy qualities could be coarse-grained, when in fact they must be fine-grained. The analogy with appreciation of aesthetic qualities helps to draw out this point. Once the fine-grained nature of love-worthy qualities is properly understood, it is clear that critics of the QV cannot rely on the trading-up objection to motivate its rejection. Moreover, the paper’s core argument helps to illuminate the persistently aesthetic nature of interpersonal affections.
Degraded limonoids: biologically active limonoid fragments re-enhancing interest in Meliaceae and Rutaceae sources
Authors: Durán-Peña María Jesús , Botubol-Ares José Manuel , Collado Isidro G. , Hernandez-Galán Rosario
Published: March 2023

Phytochemical studies on the roots, twigs and leaves of Meliaceae and Rutaceae family plants have revealed the presence of non-complex terpenes derived from limonoid fragmentation. The occurrence and chemical structure of these degraded limonoids isolated from 1930 to March 2022 are reported in this review. Particular attention is given to the degradation levels in these compounds and their absolute configuration to discover presumable deconstruction pathways from more complex limonoids. Plausible intermediates have been postulated for most of them that would explain their origin from limonoids. The total or semi-synthesis of the most isolated degraded limonoids or analogues remains undescribed. This review focuses on the bioactivity of these fragmented limonoids and their synthesized analogues. Based on pharmacological and agrochemical studies, degraded limonoids appear to be excellent structural leads to consider for the total or semi-synthesis of more potent derivatives with the aim of discovering new hits and clarifying their modes of action.
Refractory lactotroph adenomas
Authors: Urwyler Sandrine A. , Karavitaki Niki
Published: March 2023

A small subset of lactotroph adenomas is resistant to dopamine agonists (DA) and can also demonstrate aggressive or even malignant behavior. The implicated mechanisms are not clearly defined. Management can be challenging and requires a multidisciplinary approach. In DA resistant prolactinomas, switching to another DA could be the first option to consider. Further strategies include surgery and radiotherapy used alone or in combination. In cases of aggressive or malignant prolactinomas, temozolomide could be offered. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have been also recently proposed as an alternative approach. The place of other treatments (e.g., metformin, selective estrogen modulators, somatostatin analogues, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin and peptide radio-receptor therapy) remains to be carefully assessed.