bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A study on development of history textbooks for immigrant youths
Authors: Kwak Hee-jeong
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop a history textbook for immigrant youths in the blind spot of educational opportunities. Immigrant youths, who entered Korea with lack of understanding about Korean culture and society, are facing difficulties due to language barrier, cultural gap, digital divide, identity confusion, etc. Particularly, language problems make it difficult for them to complete the regular school curriculum, causing many of them to drop out of the school or to transfer to multicultural alternative schools. However, even these multicultural alternative schools do not have customized textbook in accordance with their specific needs and charactersitics, resulting in ineffective classes. In the same vein, it is in desperate need of developing history textbook for immigrant youths. Therefore, this study investigated contents of history education and designed a model history textbook, limiting its contents in the Goryeo Dynasty. This is based on the multicultural education perspective and the aim of the history area in the 2015 revised school curriculum. This study also devised, based on the needs and characteristics of immigrant youths, a history textbook composition. It is expected that the future studies will examine the effectiveness of this textbook and search for the proper teaching and learning method using this textbook for immigrant youths.
Field experts’ awareness of integrating Korean multicultural family policies: Focusing on how to integrate multicultural family support centers and health family support centers
Authors: Kim Jung Heun
Published: July 2017

Multicultural family support centers have been through the same past and track along with Korea multicultural policies in their 10 years of history. Presently, under the keynote of integrating multicultural family policies, multicultural family support centers are being promoted to be integrated with health & family support centers. This study has been planned with a question of whether multicultural family support centers that have been playing initiative roles in multicultural policies should be really integrated as an inclusive family support delivery system. The purpose of this study is to examine the awareness of field experts of multicultural family support centers and critically consider multicultural family integration policies being promoted currently and propose practical policies. The study method employed here is phenomenological qualitative research. After conducting in-depth interviewing to field experts of multicultural family support centers, this study analyzed the results about their awareness through coding materials with Colaizzi’s 6-step analysis. According to the results, 14 topics have been drawn including the unstable administrative system in multicultural family support centers, needing to share and discuss the results of operating pilot integration centers, and also converting multicultural family policies integration into immigration policies considering immigration society to come along. Reflecting field experts’ suggestions to make policies, it is expected to establish Korean-style multicultural policies that are even maturer soon.
PENGALAMAN REMAJA BERUSIA DI BAWAH 18 TAHUN DALAM BERMAIN GRAND THEFT AUTO GAME
Authors: Aqila Fikri Yumna , Riyandanie Oktavia Gesti , Fauziah Reissa Nur , Giri Ro'iz Santria
Published: July 2017

GTA (Grand Theft Auto) is a video game containing sexual and violent content classified as a mature category (18+). However in Indonesia, this video game is often played by teenegers under 18 years old. This research purposes to describe teeneger’s experience on playing GTA game and the factors influencing them to play the game. The informants of this research are 6 teenegers who have been playing this game with under 18 years old obtained by using snowball sample technique. The method used in this research is qualitative with phenomenological approach. The data were collected through semi-structured interview. The result of this research shows that teenegers who play this game said that they could gain new experiences like being outside of country situation. For teenegers it was exciting because they could perform things that they could not do in the real life like kill, rob, and fight beetwen gang. The factors influencing them to play GTA game come from their playmates, parent’s supervision, and also education level. Playmates are the main cause for teenegers to play GTA game. Teenagers playing GTA game without parent's supervision will tend to get negative impact. While higher level of teeneger education decreases the intensity of playing GTA game. Therefore, in order to minimize negative impact obtained by teenegers in playing GTA game, it requires the parent supervision so that the teenegers know time limit to play and the certain behavior in the game that may or may not be imitated in the real life.
Anisochilus carnosus (L. f.) Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) – a new generic record for Pakistan
Authors: Ali Ashfaq , Rashid Mahrine , Sultan Amir , Irfan Muhammad
Published: July 2017

During an exploration of Gadoon area in district Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa a specimen of Anisochilus carnosus (L. f.) Wall. ex Benth. was collected which represents a new plant record for Pakistan. Its description and illustrations are provided for easy identification.
When Back of Pack Meets Front of Pack: How Salient and Simplified Nutrition Labels Affect Food Sales in Supermarkets
Authors: Elshiewy Ossama , Boztug Yasemin
Published: July 2017

Back-of-package (BOP) nutrition information appears ineffective against increasing obesity rates. Therefore, federal agencies increasingly promote front-of-package (FOP) nutrition labels. Despite the public attention the topic has received in recent years, research is still short of evidence about the effectiveness of FOP nutrition labels in real-life settings. To add to extant literature, this study uses individual-level purchase data to analyze the impact of adding simplified FOP nutrition labels when BOP information is already available. Consumers reduced the number of calories contained in their purchases for products that started carrying a simplified FOP nutrition label. Furthermore, results show a long-term (short-term) decrease in price (promotion) sensitivity for these products after label introduction. These findings suggest that simplified FOP nutrition labels can induce healthier purchases in supermarkets compared with when only BOP nutrition information is available.
R&D Subsidies as Drivers of Corporate Performance in Slovenia: The Regional Perspective
Authors: Ravšelj Dejan , Aristovnik Aleksander
Published: July 2017

Investment in research and development (R&D) plays a vital role in economic growth. Therefore, the crucial role of government is to encourage companies to develop new knowledge, skills, and innovations in order to achieve greater competitiveness, employment creation, and economic development. The aim of this paper is to determine whether R&D subsidies contribute to corporate performance and ascertain whether the relationship between the amount of R&D subsidies and corporate performance is moderated by Slovenian cohesion (NUTS 2 level) and statistical (NUTS 3 level) regions. This paper ultimately tries to classify statistical regions within meaningful groups. Using an OLS regression, a unique dataset of 407 Slovenian companies is analysed for 2014. The empirical results reveal that R&D subsidies have a positive impact on corporate performance and confirm that cohesion and statistical regions can moderate the effect of R&D subsidy on corporate performance. Moreover, the paper provides for the classification of Slovenian statistical regions into four groups.
Mitigation of Greenhouse Gases Emissions by Management of Terrestrial Ecosystem
Authors: Pawłowski Artur , Pawłowska Małgorzata , Pawłowski Lucjan
Published: July 2017

Carbon dioxide fluxes between ecosystems of the Earth are presented. It was shown that intensifying its absorption of terrestrial ecosystems by 3.2% would prove sufficient to neutralize carbon dioxide emissions from the combustion of fossil fuels and cement production. It was shown that Polish forests absorb 84.6 million tons of CO2/year, that is 26% of emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production, while agricultural crops absorb 103 million tons of CO2/year. Total carbon dioxide sequestration by forests and agricultural crops amounts to 187.5 million tons of CO2/year, which is tantamount to 59% of emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production. Forestation of marginal soils would further increase carbon dioxide absorption in Poland by 20.6 million tons of CO2/year. Moreover, if plants were sown in order to produce green manure - instead of leaving soil fallow - sequestration could still be boosted by another 6.2 million tons of CO2/year.
Legislative Ensure of Transfer of Competencies for Air Protection Carried out by a Municipality
Authors: Ďurkovičová Jana
Published: July 2017

The Slovak Republic pays close attention to effective care of the whole environment, important component of which is also the air. This is ensured through designated authorities within the competence of the State. Municipality, as the basic unit of territorial self-government, is the subject, which has competencies in the area of air protection and acts as a state administration body. This paper focuses on an analysis of legislative assurance of legal relationships arising during the application of the transferred competencies of the state administration to municipalities. In particular, it focuses on the position of the municipality in matters of transferred state administration and its focus on air protection, municipal competencies in air protection, administrative offenses in the competence of the municipality and their solution. Using the methods of analysis, deduction and grammatical and logical interpretation, the paper attempts to continuously monitor, analyse and organise the competencies of the municipality in the exercise of the transferred competencies in the area of air protection and to analyse their application towards obliged subjects from a legislative point of view. In particular, rigorous monitoring and appropriate repressive measures of the municipality are the most effective instrument for achieving the indispensable responsibility of individuals and collective bodies for the state of the air in the defined area. If a sanction is imposed in case of non-compliance with legal obligations, one of the methods currently required for general prevention in this area of the municipality may be fulfilled. By its consistent application activity, the municipality can make a very significant contribution to maintaining or improving the air quality in the area of its territorial scope.
Legal and Financial Instruments Supporting the Innovation and Technology Transfer
Authors: Moravčíková Danka , Ilková Zuzana , Štefeková Petra
Published: July 2017

Issues of innovation and technology transfer are framed by a broad legislation and financial schemes at the European and national level. In context of the strategy Europe 2020 and the initiative Innovation Union, the mutual interconnection between the new knowledge creation and its economic valuation is important for competitiveness of the economy. Innovation systems are characterized by a large scale of different actors and dynamic interactions between them. The intensity of the innovation activity of enterprises is mostly influenced by the level of their legal awareness and by the ability to utilize the innovation mechanisms and opportunities for transfer of knowledge, modern technologies and practices. The paper characterizes selected legal and financial mechanisms and points out the possibilities and problems related to their implementation in economic sphere, particularly in the agrifood sector. At the beginning, the authors describe the key aspects of the innovation policy and technology transfer in the EU and Slovakia. Next parts of the paper are focused on the issue of legal institutes concerning the industrial property and on the financial instruments for the period 2014-2020 emphasizing the innovative ones and possibilities of their combination. In the final part, the authors point out the barriers and possibilities in innovation implementation and in the process of transfer of technologies and knowledge to economic sphere.
A Range and Reasons of Farmland Withdrawal from Agricultural Use in Poland
Authors: Roszkowska-Mądra Barbara , Przygodzka Renata , Sadowski Adam
Published: July 2017

The aim of this paper was to analyze reasons and a range of changes in agricultural land areas due to allocation them for non-agricultural purposes across a period of 1990-2015 in Poland. This phenomena has not been sufficiently considered till now. Lack of this knowledge does not allow effective reduction of the decline of agricultural land by appropriate legislation and administrative action, especially on urban areas. In Poland, a significant proportion of agricultural land is allocated annually for non-agricultural purposes, which is connected with their permanent withdrawal from agricultural production. The permanent decline in the area of agricultural land in the country has been observed since the beginning of the systemic transformation. The dominant direction of the land withdrawal for non-agricultural purposes is their allocation to housing construction. In 1995 the Law on the protection of agricultural and forest land was introduced. This law includes strengthened economic tools for the protection of agricultural land in the form of mandatory charges for the withdrawal of agricultural land showing the best soil quality. This has led to a significant reduction in agricultural land use withdrawal. However, accelerated regional development following the accession of Poland to the EU and, then, the need to expand technical infrastructure resulted in several amendments to the 1995 Act, significantly weakened the protection of agricultural and forest land. It seems that the land as the unrepeatable good should be strictly covered by more respect and protection than ever before, especially in areas with the highest production value.
Quantitative Assessment of Landscape Load Caused by Mining Activity
Authors: Csüllög Gábor , Horváth Gergely , Tamás László , Szabó Mária , Munkácsy Béla
Published: July 2017

In Hungary, not only the aftermath of the extraction in the past nearly 150 years, but also the economic changes taking place in the past two decades have had significant environmental consequences manifested, above all, in the landscape. It is, however, not sufficient to investigate the landscape components separately; it is necessary to explore connections within the landscape. Accordingly, the chief aim of this presentation has been, on the one hand, to work out the method of landscape load index, based on a quantitative database of mining claims and deposits of mining waste, which has revealed their impacts on the landscape as well. On the other hand, we have also aimed at developing the method of the mining load index of certain geographical landscape units. By calculating and analysing the indices, we have intended to build a quantitative database suitable for investigating the impacts of mining activities on the landscape. On the basis of the indices, the impacts and consequences could be ranked, and it was also possible to compare the impacts of different mining claims and waste deposits in three different landscape categories. With the main result of our examination, this will make it possible to investigate concrete problems and landscape conflicts caused by the landscape use of mining or its aftermath in different landscape units with a high load index.
Economic Analysis of Dairy Cattle Enterprises: The Case of Konya Province
Authors: Oğuz Cennet , Yener Aysun
Published: July 2017

This study evaluates the economic activity results of dairy cattle enterprises in Konya Province. The data used in the research was obtained through questionnaire technique from 125 dairy cattle enterprises which were determined with stratified random sampling method on a voluntary basis. The total active captial of the enterprises are $845,330.85 and the share of animal capital is 26.27%. Average cattle number in the enterprises have been determined to be 104.95 heads, cow number is 61.22 heads per farm while average daily milk yield in the enterprises is determined as 27.45 lt/head for milker cows. The total average variable cost in dairy cattle enterprises is calculated to be $104,235.23 and the sum of all fixed cost is $40,496.15. The share of feed cost in variable costs is 84.33%. Gross Production Value (GPV) is $194,759.57 and 85.08% of this value is from milk and milk products. Gross profit per enterprise is $90,524.34 and net profit is $50,028.19. In the study, the milk cost is calculated at $0.31/lt. Sale price of milk of enterprises is $0.42/lt in 2015. In the research field, economic profitability of enterprises is calculated at 2.04% and financial profitability is calculated at 2.02%. As a result of the research, the greatest problems of dairy cattle enterprises are identified as supplying of roughage and concentrate feed, low levels of organization, low number of milked stocks, and taking individual actions against the market.
Spatial Constraints of Slovenian Farms: What Does Urbanization Have to Do with It?
Authors: Visković Nika Razpotnik
Published: July 2017

The spatial constraints of farms in Slovenia have never been systematically studied before; however, this is an important developmental aspect of agriculture, as stated by experts in spatial planning, agricultural economics, and geography. This article presents the concept of farms’ spatial constraints within settlements and their effect on farms’ development potential, proposes a methodological framework for measuring them, and reveals the relation between farms’ spatial constraints and urbanization.
Trends in Development of Residential Areas in Suburban Zone of the City of Nitra (Slovakia)
Authors: Repaská Gabriela , Vilinová Katarína , Šolcová Lucia
Published: July 2017

Political changes in Slovakia after 1989 initiated new economic trends which significantly affected the structure of cities and rural municipalities. The process of suburbanization has changed the rural landscape with a widespread increase in new residential areas. Based on an analysis of residential suburbanization, the aim of the paper is to describe the encroachment of residential construction in the suburban zone of Nitra through increase in the size of the housing stock, number of housing types and the spatial localization of suburban construction. Such analysis of residential development contributes to the knowledge of the extent and intensity of the residential suburbanization process in the outskirts of the city of Nitra. Theoretical analysis of residential suburbanization is based on the relevant literature, placing it into context alongside the works of authors from Western and Central Europe. The research is based on standard geographical methods including field research. To compare the changes in residential areas aerial photos from 2001 and 2015 were used. Results show that in the municipalities of the suburban zone significant changes have occurred in the building sprawl, thus changing the face of rural municipalities and the character of the rural landscape.
Critical Empathy: A Survivor's Study of Disaster
Authors: Horigan Kate Parker
Published: July 2017

In October 2012, I joined a two-part panel with survivors and scholars of Hurricane Katrina (2005) and of the Japanese earthquake and tsunami (2011). Together, our presentations raised numerous questions, including these: how can official responses to disaster better meet the needs of survivors, and how can they draw on the local knowledge and resources survivors themselves provide? Although our methods differ, all the contributors to this issue emphasize locally generated ways of understanding disaster. In the case of Katrina, I have conducted research over the last decade on the circulation of hurricane survivors' narratives, showing how publications transform personal stories, consequently skewing public perceptions and diminishing recovery efforts. I advocate for different means of sharing personal narratives that foreground survivors' control over their stories and their communities. I share, with other survivor-ethnographers represented here, the belief that survivors are the experts on their own experiences, and as such, ought to have leading roles in rebuilding their lives.
Detection of Toxoplasma Gondii Antibodies in Farmed Turkeys (Meleagris Gallopavo)
Authors: Ayinmode A. B. , Obebe O. O. , Aiki-Raji C. O.
Published: July 2017

Several seroprevalence studies have been conducted on the natural infections of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic chickens around the world but only a few have published data on turkeys. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of exposure of farmed Nigerian turkeys to T. gondii infection. Sera obtained from 320 turkeys reared intensively in 3 states of southwest Nigeria were screened for T. gondii antibodies using a modified agglutination test. Antibodies were detected in 4.1 % (13/320) of the turkeys with titres of 1 : 20 in 7 turkeys, 1 : 40 in 5 and 1 : 80 in 1, while none was seropositive at 1 : 160 or 1 : 320. The seroprevalence of T. gondii was comparable among turkeys regardless of their breed, age, location and management system (P > 0.05). None of the variables were significantly associated with T. gondii antibodies by multivariate logistic regression. This first report of T. gondii infections in Nigerian turkeys recommends that turkey meat and its products be adequately processed before consumption.
Determination of Capsaicin Content and Pungency Level of Different Fresh and Dried Chilli Peppers
Authors: Popelka P. , Jevinová P. , Šmejkal K. , Roba P.
Published: July 2017

One of the traditional plants that have so many pharmacological effects is chilli fruit (Capsicum sp.) that belong to the family Solanaceae. Around the world, five varieties of Capsicum are known, i. e., C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C. pubescens. Chilli peppers are known for causing the sensation of heat or burning when consumed. The heat sensation is incited by the type and the amount of a group of capsaicinoids; the alkaloids found only in chilli pepper pods. A widely used heat measurement of chilli peppers is the SHU (Scoville Heating Unit). This measurement is the highest dilution of a chilli pepper extract at which heat can be detected by a taste panel. Nowadays, the Scoville organoleptic test has been largely replaced by chromatographic methods which are considered to be more reliable and accurate. The HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) method was used for the determination of capsaicin content in various fresh and dried peppers from the genera C. chinense. Currently, based on the results of HPLC, the hottest pepper has been Bhut Jolokia, followed by Habanero Red Savina and Habanero Yellow etc. The content of capsaicin in dried chillies is 7-10 times higher compared to fresh ones.
Occurrence of Malassezia Yeasts in Dermatologically Diseased Dogs
Authors: Sihelská Z. , Čonková E. , Váczi P. , Harčárová M. , Böhmová E.
Published: July 2017

The Malassezia genus is represented by several lipophilic yeasts, normally present on the skin of many warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Malassezia yeasts in dogs with skin lesions (dermatitis, interdigital dermatitis and inflammation of anal sacs) and otitis externa. The presence of Malassezia spp. was investigated in a group of 300 dogs exhibiting clinical manifestations. The isolates of Malassezia were identified by using phenotypic (biochemical-physiological and morphological characteristics) and genotypic methods (PCR, RFLP-AluI, BanI and MspA1I) which allowed their precise identification. Malassezia yeasts were isolated from 84 specimens obtained from 76 positive dogs. M. pachydermatis was the most frequently isolated species (79 isolates) in this study. M. furfur was identified in four dogs and M. nana in one dog. The prevalence of isolated Malassezia spp. was 25.3 % in dogs with skin lesions; from which 36.0 % were dogs suffering from otitis externa, 24.5 % from dogs having dermatitis, 16.4 % from dogs with interdigital dermatitis and 14.3 % from dogs having inflammation of the anal sacs. A higher prevalence of Malassezia spp. was observed in animals with pendulous ears in comparison with dogs having erect ears.
Origin Level of the Ventral Branches of the Abdominal Aorta in the Rabbit and European Hare
Authors: Maženský D. , Flešárová S.
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research was to describe the level of origin of the branches originating from the ventral surface of the abdominal aorta in the rabbit and hare. The study was carried out on ten adult rabbits and ten adult European hares using the corrosion cast technique. After euthanasia, the vascular network was perfused with saline. Batson’s corrosion casting kit No. 17 was used as a casting medium. After polymerization of the medium, the maceration was carried out in a KOH solution. We found variable levels of the origin of the celiac, cranial mesenteric and caudal mesenteric arteries in both species. In the rabbit, the celiac artery originated in the majority of cases at the cranial end of the first lumbar vertebra and in the hare at the middle part of the vertebral body of the same vertebra. The cranial mesenteric artery in the rabbit originated predominantly at the level of the first lumbar vertebra and in the hare at the level of the second lumbar vertebra. In the rabbit, the caudal mesenteric artery originated mainly at the level of the sixth lumbar vertebra and in the hare, at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. We concluded that there were higher variabilities of the origins of the ventral branches of the abdominal aorta in domesticated rabbit in comparison with the European hare.
A Histopathological Study of Ischemic and Compressive Paraplegia in Dogs
Authors: Šulla I. , Balik V. , Maženský D. , Danielisová V.
Published: July 2017

It is well known that neuronal death, clinically manifested as paresis or plegia, is the end result of many pathological events affecting the central nervous system. However, several aspects of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the development of tetra- or paraplegia caused by spinal cord traumatic or ischemic damage are only insufficiently understood and their histopathological manifestations remain poorly documented. That is why the authors decided to report on light-microscopic changes observed in 30 μm thick spinal cord sections cut from L3-S1 segments processed by the Nauta staining method in a group of 6 dogs with ischemic paraplegia induced by 30 min of a high thoracic aorta occlusion, and in a different group of 6 dogs with traumatic paraplegia induced by 5 min spinal cord compression with 200 g metallic rod. Both experimental groups (ischemic and compression) of spinal cord injuries (SCI) comprised the same number of mongrel dogs of both sexes, weighing 18-25 kg. In addition, each of the experimental groups had 3 normal dogs that served as controls. All experimental procedures were accomplished under general anaesthesia induced by pentobarbital and maintained by a mixture of halothane and oxygen. Following the 72 hour survival period, all 18 animals were euthanized by transcardial perfusion with 3,000 ml of saline and fixed by 3,000 ml of 10 % neutral formaldehyde during deep pentobarbital anaesthesia. The histopathological manifestation of neural tissue damage caused by ischemia or compression was similar. The light-microscopic images in both groups were characterised by argyrophilia and the swelling of grey matter neurons. However, in the dogs with traumatic SCIs, the changes only reached about 750 μm cranially and caudally from the necrotic epicentre. These findings indicated that the events taking part in secondary spinal cord injury mechanisms are similar in both, ischemic as well as in traumatic SCI.
The Influence of Short Duration Exercise on the Concentration of C-Reactive Protein and Selected Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in the Blood of German Shepherd Dogs
Authors: Goldírová K. , Fialkovičová M. , Benková M. , Tóthová C. , Harčárová M.
Published: July 2017

Short-term intensive exercise may be associated with many short-lasting metabolic changes. These changes depend on the duration and intensity of the exercise. The aim of our study was to determine potential changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and selected haematological and biochemical parameters in clinically healthy German shepherd dogs before short duration high-intensity exercise and 6 hours after the exercise. During the study, the dogs were subjected to the following defensive training: detaining a figurant running away from a dog (2×) and detaining with a counterattack (2×). The running distance was 200 m at a mean speed of 28 km.h-1. The investigation of haematological parameters revealed a significant decrease in the mean values of platelet haematocrit (PCT) 6 hours after the training. Significant differences in the levels determined before and after exercise were observed also for phosphorus (P) and for iron (Fe). At the same time, we observed a significant increase in the mean calcium (Ca) level and a significant decrease in sodium (Na) and chlorides (Cl). The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) significantly increased after exercise. Concentrations of acute phase C-reactive proteins were increased 6 hours after exercise in comparison to those before exercise but the difference was insignificant. Although the concentration of CRP was increased insignificantly after the exercise, when interpreting concentrations of this nonspecific indicator of inflammation, one should keep in mind that intensive exercise may also affect its concentrations.
Haematopathological Changes in Dogs Affected with Ehrlichia Canis in Lesvos
Authors: Geromichalou A. , Faixová Z.
Published: July 2017

Canine Ehrlichiosis is an important immunosuppressive tick borne disease in dogs. The geographical distribution and transmission is mostly related with Rhipicephalus sanguineus which acts as a vector. There is no predilection of age or sex; all breeds may be infected with Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME). The primary targets are monocytic cells. Platelet disorders and serum protein alterations are the principal hematological and biochemical consequences of infections. Clinical signs are almost non-specific. A definitive diagnosis requires: visualization of morulae within monocytes on cytology, detection of serum antibodies with E. canis, the IFA test, or the PCR. The objective of this study was to present information about haematological and biochemical tests of E. canis infected dogs in Lesvos island in Greece, which is an endemic area.
Monitoring of Physiological Changes of Uric Acid Concentration in the Blood of Snakes
Authors: Lam A. , Halán M.
Published: July 2017

The evaluation of uric acid concentrations in the blood of snakes is a crucial tool in the diagnosis of gout and renal disease; both prevalent diseases in captive reptiles. However, without an understanding of the physiological fluctuations in uric acid levels and the absence of distinction that makes pathological changes, biochemical parameters are devalued. This study focuses on investigating the relationship between feeding rate and plasma-uric acid concentrations of snakes. The aim of this investigation is to facilitate a better understanding of the feed-induced changes that occur, and to render the analysis of this biochemical parameter as a more potent diagnostic tool. A total of 10 snakes were used in the study and the basal concentration of uric acid was established prior to feeding via blood biochemical analysis. The snakes were then fed rats and successive postprandial blood samples were taken for the monitoring of uric acid levels. The results demonstrated that feeding led to substantial elevations in the uric acid values, whereby postprandial concentrations were significantly elevated for up to 5 days after feeding. The postprandial elevations in uric acid documented in these snakes were of similar levels reported in snakes afflicted with gout or renal disease. The results demonstrated the significant changes that occur to uric acid levels after feeding, and highlights the resemblance between postprandial increases in uric acid and concentrations reported in snakes suffering from renal disease or gout. To avoid a misdiagnosis and to distinguish transient postprandial hyperuricemia from pathological elevations, collecting sufficient anamnestic data on time since last feeding in performing repeated sampling after one week period of fasting is suggested.
Cationized fibers from pine kraft pulp: advantages of refining before functionalization
Authors: Moral Ana , Aguado Roberto , Jarabo Rocío , Tijero Antonio
Published: July 2017

A partial cationization of cellulosic pulps has been suggested to enhance the retention of fillers and fines in the paper and board manufacturing industry. The challenge is the highly crystalline structure of cellulose and the mass transfer limitations of softwood fibers, which are long and resistant to and hinder the chemical reactions. In the present paper, it was demonstrated that refining (leading to decrystallization) and alkaline treatments facilitate the subsequent cationization process with quaternary ammonium groups. Cationization was performed with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) at 120°C for 2 h, and degrees of substitution above 0.3 were achieved. Beating to 4000 or 4500 PFI revolutions was found to be an optimum to achieve these high degrees of substitution. Mixing a small percentage (4%) of cationized pulp (with a charge density of approximately 0.8 meq g−1) with the untreated pulp could compensate for the negative surface charge of the original fibers. In this way, the highest charge density and opacity of the paper and the best retention of fines were achieved. If cationization was implemented in a paper mill, it should follow, not precede, the refining stage.
Energy Stable Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Finite Element Method for Cahn–Hilliard Equation
Authors: Sarıaydın-Filibelioğlu Ayşe , Karasözen Bülent , Uzunca Murat
Published: July 2017

An energy stable conservative method is developed for the Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation with the degenerate mobility. The CH equation is discretized in space with the mass conserving symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (SIPG) method. The resulting semi-discrete nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations are solved in time by the unconditionally energy stable average vector field (AVF) method. We prove that the AVF method preserves the energy decreasing property of the fully discretized CH equation. Numerical results for the quartic double-well and the logarithmic potential functions with constant and degenerate mobility confirm the theoretical convergence rates, accuracy and the performance of the proposed approach.
Present-day kinematics of the Sundaland plate
Authors: Yong Chien Zheng , Denys Paul H. , Pearson Christopher F.
Published: July 2017

Great earthquakes (≥M8.0) often cause widespread postseismic decay in areas well beyond any recognised plate boundaries. The Mw8.6 and 8.2 northern Sumatra doublet earthquakes occurred on 11 April 2012, near the intersection of the Indian, Australian and Sundaland plate, have caused an extensive coseismic offset and postseismic decay over the region. In this study, the long-term GPS time-series (1999–2014) suggests that the postseismic decay associated with the doublet earthquakes have had a significant effect on the eastern boundary of the Sundaland plate up to the western region of Peninsular Malaysia. Before the 2004 Mw9.1 Aceh and 2005 Mw8.6 Nias earthquakes, the average velocity of continuous GPS sites in Peninsular Malaysia is moving southeastward at

37
±
3.1

mm/yr

$37\pm 3.1\hspace{2.5pt}\text{mm/yr}$

relative to the fixed Australian plate. The postseismic decay of these two great earthquakes has caused Peninsular Malaysia to experience elastic relaxation rebound into the south-southeast direction with a lower average velocity of

10
±
5.5

mm/yr

$10\pm 5.5\hspace{2.5pt}\text{mm/yr}$

. After 2012 northern Sumatra earthquakes, Peninsular Malaysia returns to its original course of motion before the 2004 and 2005 earthquakes, with slightly lower average velocity at

25
±
2.4

mm/yr

$25\pm 2.4\hspace{2.5pt}\text{mm/yr}$

. In this paper, the impact of coseismic and postseismic deformation of the 2012 Mw8.6 and 8.2 northern Sumatra earthquakes towards Sundaland plate vectors are discussed. A new rotation vector for the Sundaland plate is defined in ITRF2008 by using 10 selected cGPS sites that are assumed to be in the stable block, based on the 1999–2004 time-series data.
The Living Camera in the Ritual Landscape: The Teachers of the Tatuutsi Maxakwaxi School, the Wixárika Ancestors, and the Teiwari Negotiate Videography
Authors: Kantonen Lea , Kantonen Pekka
Published: July 2017

In this article, we outline the meanings modern Wixárika institutions, such as the school and the museum, may receive as parts of ritual landscape and how the community-based videos shot in the context of these institutions may increase our understanding of ritual landscapes in general. We discuss how ritual landscape can be researched using community-based documentary video art in a way that takes the ontological conceptions of the human and non-human relations of the community seriously. In this case, we understand community-based video art as artistic research in which the work is produced with the community for the community. The making of art, discussed in this article, is a bodily activity as it includes walking with a camera in the Wixárika ritual landscape, interviewing people for the camera, and documenting the work and rituals of the pupils, teachers, and the mara’akate (shaman-priests) planning the community-based museum.
Is forty the new thirty? Population based study of advanced maternal age
Authors: Simenc Gabrijela Brzan , Blickstein Isaac , Verdenik Ivan , Bregar Andreja Trojner , Lucovnik Miha , Tul Natasa
Published: July 2017

Objective:

To compare perinatal outcomes in different advanced maternal age groups.

Patients and methods:

We used a population-based data set to compare perinatal outcomes in three maternal age groups: 30–34.9, 35–39.9, and in women over 40 years.

Results:

Over a 10-year period there were 23,422 (25.2%) births in the 35–39.9 years group, 3987 (4.3%) in the over 40 years group, and 65,492 births (70.5%) in our reference group (30–34.9 years). A direct significant relationship was found between maternal age and BMI and between pregnancy complications such as diabetes and hypertensive disorders, whereas an inverse relationship was found between older age and nuliparity and spontaneous conceptions. Also, older mothers had a higher incidence of both types of cesareans, and more early as well as late preterm births. Perinatal mortality was similar in all groups.

Conclusions:

Advanced maternal age is associated with higher, gradually increasing, incidence, of adverse perinatal outcomes.
Crystal structure of 2-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-7-propyl-5-methylimidazo[5,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-4(3H)-one, C17H20N4O2
Authors: Wang Kun-Yan , Yang Xiao-Li
Published: July 2017

C17H20N4O2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.2692(4) Å, b = 10.5261(5) Å, c = 20.9563(10) Å, α = 95.422(2)°, β = 95.122(2)°, γ = 96.574(2)°, V = 1577.68(14) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0570, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1287, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(pyridine)-bis(2-formyl-4,6-dichlorophenolato)cobalt(II), C24H16Cl4CoN2O4
Authors: Su Qiong , Wang Yan-Bin
Published: July 2017

C24H16Cl4CoN2O4, triclinic, P1̄, (no. 2) a = 8.6148(13) Å, b = 12.2201(16) Å, c = 13.4807(16) Å, α = 115.198(12)°, β = 101.596(11)°, γ = 96.518(12)°, V = 1225.8(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0524, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1109, T = 173(1) K.
A single crystal study on tert-butyl-4-((4-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenylamino)-6-methoxyquinazolin-7-yloxy)methyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate, C26H30BrFN4O4
Authors: Wang Kai , Chen Qiang
Published: July 2017

C26H30BrFN4O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9035(6) Å, b = 8.0936(6) Å, c = 29.429(2) Å, β = 98.136(2)°, V =2570.9(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0434, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0897, T = 173(2) K.
Crystal structure of 3-cyclohexyl-2-(cyclohexylimino)-2,3-dihydro-6,8-diiodo-4H-1,3-benzoxazin-4-one, C20H24I2N2O2
Authors: Hong Zhi , Zhao Sha-sha , Pan Hong , Jin Qian , Tang Xiao-qin , Liu Jun-li
Published: July 2017

C20H24I2N2O2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.5052(10) Å, b = 12.7846(7) Å, c = 9.4663(5) Å, β = 94.899(1)°, V = 2110.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0321, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0996, T = 291 K.
Crystal structure of bis(μ
2-2-chlorobenzoato-κ3
O,O′:O′)-(2-chlorobenzoato-κO)-(2-chlorobenzoato-κO,O′)-bis(1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-dicadmium(II) monohydrate, C52H36Cd2Cl4N4O10
Authors: Liu Chao
Published: July 2017

C52H36Cd2Cl4N4O10, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.3651(8) Å, b = 12.9707(10) Å, c = 18.7281(14) Å, α = 79.327(1)°, β = 74.543(1)°, γ = 70.703(1)°, V = 2497.1(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0393, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0933, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of ethyl 3-hydroxy-5-methyl-2-(4-(m-tolyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4- carboxylate, C25H24N3O3
Authors: Wang Qiang , Zhao Lin , Xing Wanli , Zong Chaozai , Zhang Shuai
Published: July 2017

C25H24N3O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.4549(11) Å, b = 10.7640(12) Å, c = 21.279(3) Å, β = 98.778(2)°, V = 2140.2(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0498, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1408, T = 296(2) K.
Investigation of a potential role for aldose reductase AlrA in tetrahydropteridine synthesis inDictyostelium discoideumAx2
Authors: Kim Hye-Lim , Ryu Hyun-Chul , Park Young Shik
Published: July 2017

Dictyostelium discoideumAx2 is well-known for the synthesis ofd-threo-tetrahydrobiopterin (DH4) with a smaller amount ofl-erythro-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). DH4 synthesis from 6-pyruvoyltetrahydropterin (PPH4) is catalyzed by aldose reductase (AR)-like protein and sepiapterin reductase (SR) via an intermediate 1′-oxo-2′-d-hydroxypropyl tetrahydropterin, which is non-enzymatically oxidized tod-sepiapterin in the absence of SR. However,l-sepiapterin was a dominant product in the reaction of a cellular extract ofspr−disrupted in the SR gene. In order to investigate its potential role in tetrahydropteridine synthesis, the enzyme catalyzingl-sepiapterin synthesis from PPH4 was purified fromspr−. Via mass spectrometry, the protein was identified to be encoded byalrA. AlrA consists of 297 amino acid residues sharing a high sequence identity with human AR. However, in the co-incubation assay, DH4 synthesis was not detected and, furthermore, the recombinant AlrA was observed to suppress BH4 synthesis by SR, which was known to prefer 1′-oxo-2′-d-hydroxypropyl tetrahydropterin to PPH4. Although intracellular DH4 level inalrA−was decreased to 60% of the wild type, it is presumed to result from the antioxidant function of DH4. Therefore, despite the structural and catalytic identities with human AR, AlrA seems to be involved in neither BH4, nor DH4 synthesis under normal physiological conditions.
Strukturelle Gewalt und funktionale Differenzierung. Anschlüsse an Luhmann, Benjamin und Adorno
Authors: Möller Kolja
Published: July 2017

Der Artikel geht dem Verhältnis von Gewalt, sozialen Formen und funktionaler Differenzierung nach. Die These ist dabei, dass die „strukturelle Gewalt“ der funktionalen Differenzierung, wie sie in jüngeren Arbeiten der Kritischen Systemtheorie angenommen wird, als dauerhaftes Zusammenspiel der „verletzenden“ Gewalt anonymer Kommunikation, der „polizeilichen“ Gewalt sozialer Formen sowie der „identifizierenden“ Gewalt eines verallgemeinernden Denkstils im Urteilen und Wahrnehmen verstanden werden sollte. Gegen eine inflationierende Betrachtungsweise, in der schon jede grenzziehende Unterscheidung als kommunikationseinschränkende Gewalt gilt, wird argumentiert, dass eine Analyse und Kritik der Gewalt sich auf die historisch gewachsenen Konstellationen „struktureller Gewalt“ richten sollte.
Differenz oder Interdependenz? Das Verhältnis von sozial- und gesellschaftstheoretischer Differenzierung in Luhmanns Theorie der Gesellschaft
Authors: Schmidt Johannes F.K.
Published: July 2017

Die Luhmannsche Theorie unterscheidet zwei Differenzierungsformen: eine sozialtheoretische Differenzierung in Gestalt der Unterscheidung unterschiedlicher Systemtypen und eine gesellschaftstheoretische Differenzierung in Form der internen Differenzierung des Gesellschaftssystems. Der Beitrag fragt nach dem Verhältnis beider Differenzierungsformen insbesondere mit Blick auf die Gesellschaftstheorie Luhmanns. Der Durchgang durch das publizierte wie unpublizierte Werk aus dem Nachlass macht deutlich, dass Luhmann nicht nur der sozialtheoretischen Unterscheidung an sich deutlich weniger Aufmerksamkeit zukommen lässt, sondern dass er auch davon auszugehen scheint, mit der Unterscheidung von Systemtypen einen arbeitsteiligen theoretischen Zugriff begründen zu können und in der Folge daher das Konzept der Systemtypendifferenzierung nicht systematisch in die Theorie der Gesellschaft integriert. Dies beeinträchtigt aber das analytische Potential der Gesellschaftstheorie. Vor diesem Hintergrund fragt der Beitrag abschließend nach den Gründen für die konzeptionellen Schwierigkeiten einer Intergration beider Theoreme und sieht sie zum einen in dem paradoxalen Verhältnis beider Differenzierungsformen und zum anderen gerade in dem LuhmannschenGesellschaftsbegriff.
Recruiting Frontstage Entextualization: drafting, artifactuality and written-ness as resources in police – witness interviews
Authors: Rock Frances
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the complex literacy event through which police witness statements are produced in England and Wales. Witness statements are constructed through interviews which archetypally consist of a trajectory from the witness of the crime, through a police officer and onto a written page with the officer taking most control of the writing. This paper examines how this ostensibly inevitable trajectory materializes in practice. It identifies a distinctive way of traversing the trajectory through which the inner workings of the trajectory itself are put on display by the interviewing officer and through this display recursively influence the trajectory. This display of the trajectory draws on four discursive means: writing aloud, proposing wordings, reading back text just written and referring explicitly to the artifactuality of writing, which I label, collectively, “Frontstage Entextualization.” Through Frontstage Entextualization, the writing process comes to be used as a resource for both producing text and involving the witness in text production. The paper identifies three forms of activity which are accomplished through Frontstage Entextualization: First, frontstage drafting which allows words and phrases for possible inclusion to be weighed-up; secondly, frontstage scribing which foregrounds the technology of pen and paper which allows the witness to be appraised of writing processes; and finally, frontstaging the sequentiality of written-ness to textually resolve difficulties of witness memory. The paper concludes by suggesting that the analysis has shown how text trajectories can be made accessible to lay participants by institutional actors.