bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the nexus of health promotion, sport and well-being to improve future synergies and public health capacity through integrated approaches
Authors: Sørensen Kristine , Pedersen Lars Steen , Sander Jakob
Published: March 2022

Purpose

New models of thinking, organization and governance are needed when health systems are under pressure. Inspired by a recent Danish community project called Your Health, this paper sheds light on the nexus of health promotion, sport and well-being, and how an increased focus on synergies can improve public health capacity in the future.

Design/methodology/approach

The three areas of interests are presented, and challenges and opportunities are discussed along with the lessons learned from the Danish community project serving as an example of an integrated approach. The project was hosted by a sports club with the aim to enhance the health and well-being of new members, engage volunteers as health motivators and develop new activities in partnership with community organizations.

Findings

The discussion on creating synergies between sport, health promotion and well-being inspired a new model encouraging moving away from silo-thinking towards the sweet-spot where all three perspectives are represented. In this way, public health can be developed to the next level, in particular with regards to actions taking place outside the health sector.

Research limitations/implications

More research is warranted to develop the evidence that can push for a changed policy agenda and showcase the social and economic return on investments.

Practical implications

There is a growing interest to support health and well-being. Capacity building is needed to engage non-health stakeholders actively in the health agenda.

Originality/value

Despite the need for progress, research is still scarce. Thus, it is important to create a new momentum among relevant stakeholders to facilitate the integration of sport, health promotion and well-being to qualify and expand public health capacity, create better health for all and bridge inequity.
To focus or not: investigating the viability of the “focused factory” concept in firms facing service disruptions
Authors: Parast Mahour Mellat , Oke Adegoke
Published: March 2022

Purpose

In this paper, the authors draw from the concept of a “focused factory” to examine whether a focused strategy provides superior performance over a non-focused strategy in firms experiencing service disruptions.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors test their hypotheses using panel data of the US domestic airline industry from 1998 to 2019.

Findings

Overall, the study findings show that a focused strategy provides superior financial performance over a non-focused strategy in both stable environments and unpredictable environments. The authors also find that the effect of service disruptions on profitability is less pronounced for firms following a focused strategy. This shows that focused firms need to grow over time to sustain profitability. Their post hoc analysis shows that for a non-focused strategy (but not for a focused strategy), firm size moderates the effect of service disruptions on profitability. This suggests that a firm pursuing a non-focused strategy can mitigate the negative effect of service disruptions by increasing its size.

Originality/value

This is the first study that examines the effectiveness of the focused strategy in mitigating service disruptions. The results provide further support for the effectiveness of the focused strategy in responding to service disruptions in service organizations.
Large-scale evaluation of a computer-based learning program to increase prison staff knowledge on geriatric and end-of-life care
Authors: Myers Valerie Harwell , Loeb Susan , Kitt-Lewis Erin , Jerrod Tiffany
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to continue research and development of the ECAD-P learning system with an emphasis on developing a scalable unit for testing in a larger number of more diverse correctional settings. There are almost 2.3 million US persons incarcerated. Geriatric and end-of-life (EOL) care in corrections is not as equitable as care in the free world. Technological delivery of geriatric training to staff through computer-based learning (CBL) offers a novel approach to improve care and reduce disparities among those who are most vulnerable during confinement.

Design/methodology/approach

This mixed methods study built an interactive CBL for multidisciplinary staff to address EOL and geriatric issues in prisons. The CBL was iteratively built and tested prior to launching a full-scale evaluation using a pre/post-intervention design.

Findings

Evaluation of the CBL occurred at 7 sites (i.e. 6 state prisons and 1 prison health-care vendor). A total of 241 staff were recruited with 173 completing post-tests. Outcomes were knowledge acquisition regarding care for aging and dying incarcerated persons (i.e. cognitive measure) and attitudes, motivations and values for providing care (i.e. affective measure). Cognitive and affective post-tests were significantly better than at pre-test (all ps < 0.01). ANCOVAs revealed no significant differences for sex or ethnicity.

Originality/value

Outcomes reveal that the CBL is acceptable, feasible and usable in corrections. Staff improved their knowledge after receiving the training. Correctional settings face increasing pressures to better address the health care and management needs of aged, chronically ill and dying incarcerated persons. This e-learning holds promise to contribute to better preparation of corrections staff to effectively care for these populations.
Using augmented reality for shopping: a framework for AR induced consumer behavior, literature review and future agenda
Authors: Riar Marc , Xi Nannan , Korbel Jakob J. , Zarnekow Ruediger , Hamari Juho
Published: March 2022

Purpose

A current technological trend, which has gained even more traction recently due to the COVID-19 pandemic, is the use of augmented reality (AR) in shopping environments. AR is addressing contemporary challenges rooted in online shopping (e.g. in terms of experientiality and try-on) and is fundamentally reshaping consumers' experiences. The purpose of this study is to provide a synthesized and structured overview of the state-of-the-art research focused on AR shopping.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conduct a systematic literature review of the empirical academic corpus focused on shopping via AR technology.

Findings

The review reveals the diverse psychological (cognitive, affective, and social) as well as behavioral outcomes related to the use of AR in the shopping context. The authors integrate the results into a framework for AR induced consumer behavior in shopping, thereby providing an important overview of the dynamics in AR-related shopping and the factors influencing the adoption of the technology by consumers. Specifically, the authors encountered that the technological abilities of AR (e.g. in terms of interactivity, vividness, informativeness, etc.) are a source for enhanced utilitarian and hedonic shopping experiences that can support intentions to purchase a product, reuse an AR app, or recommend it to others. Importantly, our review reveals the demand for several avenues for future research.

Originality/value

The authors provide an overview and synthesis of how and where AR is employed in shopping contexts, what theories and technological characteristics of AR are commonly analyzed, and what psychological and behavioral outcomes AR has been found to evoke. Based on our findings, the authors derive a framework that illustrates the dynamics in AR shopping and give an in-depth discourse on 13 future research agenda points related to thematic, theoretical, methodological, and technological matters.
Impact of workplace safety on employee retention using sequential mediation: evidence from the health-care sector
Authors: Aman-Ullah Attia , Ibrahim Hadziroh , Aziz Azelin , Mehmood Waqas
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine the impact of workplace safety (WPS) on employee retention (ER) in the health-care sector in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K), Pakistan. At the same time, a mediation relationship through job satisfaction (JS) and employee loyalty (EL) was also tested.

Design/methodology/approach

Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data from 300 doctors, using purposive sampling technique analysed using partial least squares (Smart-PLS 3).

Findings

This study’s findings supported all hypotheses, such as WPS has a significant positive relationship with ER. In addition, a mediation relationship between JS and EL was also confirmed. Furthermore, a serial mediation effect of JS and EL between WPS and ER was also confirmed in this study.

Research limitations/implications

This study might not fit organisations from other regions due to regional norms. In the future, this study’s model may be tested on other regions and segments of the health-care sector, such as nurses, management staff and support staff.

Practical implications

The present study is unique because it is based on a newly formulated framework, WPS → JS → EL → ER, under the social exchange theory, which has not been tested before.

Social implications

In a safe environment, doctors will feel relaxed, stay longer and provide better services; resultantly, patients will get better treatment.

Originality/value

This study tested the sequential mediation effect through JS and EL for the first time in ER, which was missing previously, to the best of the authors’ knowledge. This will add more insights to the safety-retention literature in health-care settings. Furthermore, this study is also the first attempt to explore the relationship between WPS and ER in the health-care sector in AJ&K.
Study on the impact behavior of arch micro-strut (ARCH) lattice structure by selective laser melting (SLM)
Authors: Yao Jun , Ding Ruochen , Li Kailun , Du Baorui , Zhao Lu , Yuan Yixiang
Published: March 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the energy absorption characteristics of arch micro-strut (ARCH) lattice structure (different from traditional straight micro-strut lattice structure) under high-speed impact, and promote the development of special-shaped micro-strut lattice structure.

Design/methodology/approach

The study serves to study the anti-impact and energy absorption characteristics of ARCH lattice structure under different strain rates and different unit layers of lattice structure. In this paper, quasi-static compression and Hopkinson compression bar experiments are used for comparative analysis.

Findings

The results show that the ARCH lattice structure has obvious strain rate effect. When the strain rate is low, the number of layers of lattice structure has a great influence on the mechanical properties. With the increase of strain rate, the influence of the number of layers on the mechanical properties gradually weakens. So the ARCH lattice structure with fewer layers (less than five layers) should be selected as the impact energy absorbing materials at lower impact rate, while at higher impact rate, the number of layers can be selected according to the actual requirements of components or devices space size.

Originality/value

This study shows that Arch lattice structure has excellent energy absorption performance, and provides a theoretical reference for the application of ARCH lattice structure in energy-absorbing materials. ARCH lattice structure is expected to be applied to a variety of energy absorption and anti-impact components or devices, such as aircraft black box fall buffer components, impact resistant layer of bulletproof and landing buffer device.
Root‐associated fungi not tree density influences stand nitrogen dynamics at the larch forest–tundra ecotone
Authors: Hewitt Rebecca E. , Alexander Heather D. , Miller Samantha N. , Mack Michelle C.
Published: March 2022

Greater tree density and forest productivity at the tundra–taiga ecotone (TTE) are expected with climate warming, with potential feedbacks to the climate system. Yet, competition for nitrogen (N) may impact TTE dynamics. Greater tree density will likely increase N demand, while reducing N supply through soil shading and slower decomposition rates. We explored whether characteristics of roots and root‐associated fungi important to N acquisition responded to changes in density at the TTE and were related to above‐ground stand productivity and N cycling.

We measured rooting depth, uptake of N forms among soil layers and ectomycorrhizal (EcM) colonization and composition along a natural tree density gradient of monodominant larch Larix cajanderi in northeastern Siberia. We tested relationships between larch root and fungal characteristics, above‐ground productivity and stand‐level N cycling parameters.

Overall, there was preferential uptake of ammonium compared to glycine or nitrate. Nitrogen uptake was greatest in shallow soils of the organic horizon and related to root chemistry, root‐associated fungi and above‐ground N cycling parameters, but the direction of these relationships depended on N form. Uptake of different N forms, rooting depth and EcM colonization and composition were not related to tree density, but fungal composition was correlated with root N chemistry and above‐ground N cycling parameters. In addition to EcM, the abundance of dark septate endophytes and other ascomycetous taxa was positively related to N uptake and above‐ground N cycling parameters.

Synthesis. There was little impact of tree density on root and fungal parameters related to N acquisition suggesting intraspecific larch competition for N was not amplified with increased density. There was, however, a strong impact of root‐associated fungi on N uptake and stand N dynamics regardless of tree density. Together, this suggests an important role of root‐associated fungi on broadscale patterns of N cycling in TTE larch forests independent of changes in tree density expected with climate warming.
Randomised controlled trial on the effect of simethicone bowel preparation on rectal variability during image‐guided radiation therapy for prostate cancer (SPoRT study)
Authors: Ward Jennifer , Gill Suki , Armstrong Kevin , Fogarty Tamara , Tan Daren , Scott Alison , Yahya Aylin , Dhaliwal Satvinder Singh , Jacques Angela , Tang Colin
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess whether simethicone reduces the rectal volume (RV) and gas volume (GV), to increase treatment accuracy and to decrease toxicity of prostate radiation therapy.

Methods

30 patients were randomised to simethicone or no intervention. Cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were performed on Days 1–3 and weekly until completion of radiation. RV and GV were measured using volume delineation. Toxicity data were collected.

Results

264 CBCTs were analysed. RV and GV were not significantly different in the simethicone group compared with the control group at each time point (P >0.05) after adjusting for Week 0 values as a covariate. The simethicone group showed an average reduction in RV and GV of 10% and 21%, respectively, compared with the control group (P >0.05). Standard deviations were calculated over 10 time points, which were grouped to represent the first 2–3 weeks of radiation therapy versus subsequent weeks. These were not significantly different between the simethicone and control group. However, there was a statistically significant decrease in the variability of RV at time points 6–10 compared with time points 1–5 within the simethicone group (P = 0.012), but no significant difference was found between these grouped time points in the control group (P = 0.581). The toxicity questionnaires showed no significant difference between the groups.

Conclusions

Simethicone did not decrease the RV or GV overall. However, simethicone appeared to significantly decrease the RV variability from Week three onwards. This suggests that taking simethicone two to three weeks before starting radiation therapy may reduce RV variability, although a larger study is needed to confirm this.
Machine learning models identify gene predictors of waggle dance behaviour in honeybees
Authors: Veiner Marcell , Morimoto Juliano , Leadbeater Ellouise , Manfredini Fabio
Published: March 2022

The molecular characterization of complex behaviours is a challenging task as a range of different factors are often involved to produce the observed phenotype. An established approach is to look at the overall levels of expression of brain genes—or ‘neurogenomics’—to select the best candidates that associate with patterns of interest. However, traditional neurogenomic analyses have some well‐known limitations: above all, the usually limited number of biological replicates compared to the number of genes tested—known as the “curse of dimensionality.” In this study we implemented a machine learning (ML) approach that can be used as a complement to more established methods of transcriptomic analyses. We tested three supervised learning algorithms (Random Forests, Lasso and Elastic net Regularized Generalized Linear Model, and Support Vector Machine) for their performance in the characterization of transcriptomic patterns and identification of genes associated with honeybee waggle dance. We then matched the results of these analyses with traditional outputs of differential gene expression analyses and identified two promising candidates for the neural regulation of the waggle dance: boss and hnRNP A1. Overall, our study demonstrates the application of ML to analyse transcriptomics data and identify candidate genes underlying social behaviour. This approach has great potential for application to a wide range of different scenarios in evolutionary ecology, when investigating the genomic basis for complex phenotypic traits, and can present some clear advantages compared to the established tools of gene expression analysis, making it a valuable complement for future studies.
Top Management Team Incentive Dispersion and Earnings Quality*
Authors: Kim Taejin , Kyung Hangsoo , Ng Jeff
Published: March 2022

This paper examines the relation between the dispersion in pay‐performance sensitivities (PPS) among top management team (TMT) members and earnings quality. Prior research suggests that the PPS from executives' equity compensation induce earnings manipulation incentives. Most of this research, however, focuses on the PPS of individual executives, even though the financial reporting process requires the coordination among a broad range of executives. Focusing on the dispersion in PPS among TMTs, we develop a model that shows that, due to the coordination incentives embedded in compensation arrangements, managers with more closely aligned PPS will be more willing to work together to manipulate earnings as the rewards are shared more evenly among them. We empirically test the implications from our model and find a positive relation between PPS dispersion and earnings quality. We further find that the stock price reaction to firms' reported earnings relates to the earnings manipulation incentives based on PPS dispersion. Our results suggest that differences in PPS among TMT members hamper the coordination necessary to manipulate earnings and that investors are aware of this impact. Our study has important implications related to compensation‐related disclosures (e.g., those under section 953a of the Dodd‐Frank Act of 2010) and their potential impact on investors' understanding of earnings quality.
CaptuRING: A do‐it‐yourself tool for wood sample digitization
Authors: García‐Hidalgo Miguel , García‐Pedrero Ángel , Colón Daniel , Sangüesa‐Barreda Gabriel , García‐Cervigón Ana I. , López‐Molina Juan , Hernández‐Alonso Héctor , Rozas Vicente , Olano José Miguel , Alonso‐Gómez Víctor
Published: March 2022

Standard procedures to obtain high‐quality images of wood samples have become a bottleneck in the digitization of dendrochronology. Digitization is currently dominated by flatbed scanners, but the use of these devices is limited by sample length and surface flatness. Although several solutions based on digital photography have been published, they lack effective digitization processes or are too expensive to be widely adopted.

Free open‐source software and hardware has emerged as an alternative to create research tools that combine reduced costs with high reliability. Here we present CaptuRING, an open‐source tool for wood sample digitization combining a do‐it‐yourself hardware based on Arduino® with a DSLR camera and a free open‐source software with an easy‐to‐use graphical user interface.

We compared CaptuRing with image acquisition from a standard flatbed scanner Epson® V750PRO. CaptuRING outperforms scanner image resolution and sharpness, while it removes sample size limitations. Moreover, CaptuRing performs this task in less than half of the time needed by Epson® V750PRO flatbed scanner.

CaptuRING emerges as a reliable and low‐cost tool to capture high‐resolution images of wood samples boosting current digitization processes. The combination of free open software and hardware empowers dendrochronology to advance in wood sample digitization.
Low volume proximal suprascapular nerve block after arthroscopic shoulder surgery – A randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Steen‐Hansen Christian , Rothe Christian , Kjeldgaard Line D. , Lyngeraa Tobias S. , Lundstrøm Lars H. , Lange Kai H. W.
Published: March 2022

Background

A proximal suprascapular nerve block has been suggested as an alternative to an interscalene brachial plexus block after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to compare the analgesic and opioid‐sparing effect of a low volume proximal suprascapular nerve block with placebo in patients with moderate‐to‐severe pain after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods

Patients with a VAS score equal to or above 50 during the first postoperative hour after planned arthroscopic shoulder surgery were included in the study. They were randomised to an ultrasound‐guided proximal suprascapular nerve block with either 5 ml ropivacaine 7.5 mg/ml or 5 ml isotonic NaCl. Primary outcome was change in VAS score at rest from baseline to 30 min after the block procedure (T30). Secondary outcomes included total morphine consumption from 0–6 h after block procedure.

Results

There was a significant difference in mean VAS reductions at T30 between the two groups favouring the ropivacaine group (−50.2 vs −26.8, p < .001). Total intravenous morphine consumption from 0–6 h after block procedure was significantly lower in the ropivacaine group compared to the placebo group (8.5 mg vs 18.5 mg, p < .01).

Conclusion

In this study, a proximal suprascapular nerve block with only 5 ml ropivacaine resulted in a substantial pain reduction and opioid‐sparing effect in patients with VAS of 50 or more after arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Chronic critical illness in polytrauma. Results of the Spanish trauma in ICU registry
Authors: Ballesteros María Ángeles , Sánchez‐Arguiano María Juncal , Chico‐Fernández Mario , Barea‐Mendoza Jesús Abelardo , Serviá‐Goixart Luis , Sánchez‐Casado Marcelino , García Sáez Iker , Pino‐Sánchez Francisca I. , Antonio Llompart‐Pou Juan , Miñambres Eduardo ,   the Neurointensive Care, Trauma Working Group of the Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine (SEMICYUC)
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Chronic critical illness after trauma injury has not been fully evaluated, and there is little evidence in this regard. We aim to describe the prevalence and risk factors of chronic critical illness (CCI) in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit.

Material and Methods

Retrospective observational multicenter study (Spanish Registry of Trauma in ICU (RETRAUCI)). Period March 2015 to December 2019. Trauma patients admitted to the ICU, who survived the first 48 h, were included. Chronic critical illness (CCI) was considered as the need for mechanical ventilation for a period greater than 14 days and/or placement of a tracheostomy. The main outcomes measures were prevalence and risk factors of CCI after trauma.

Results

1290/9213 (14%) patients developed CCI. These patients were older (51.2 ± 19.4 vs 49 ± 18.9); p < .01) and predominantly male (79.9%). They presented a higher proportion of infectious complications (81.3% vs 12.7%; p < .01) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (27.02% vs 5.19%; p < .01). CCI patients required longer stays in the ICU and had higher ICU and overall in‐hospital mortality. Age, injury severity score, head injury, infectious complications, and development of MODS were independent predictors of CCI.

Conclusion

CCI in trauma is a prevalent entity in our series. Early identification could facilitate specific interventions to change the trajectory of this process.
Resource managers' and users' perspectives on factors contributing to unauthorised hunting in western Tanzania
Authors: Kisingo Alex , Wilfred Paulo , Magige Flora J. , Kayeye Heri , Nahonyo Cuthbert L. , Milner‐Gulland E. J.
Published: March 2022

Unauthorised use of natural resources is one of the challenges facing protected areas in Africa. Understanding factors influencing this behaviour can help improve the efficiency of conservation efforts. We conducted focus group discussions with authorised resource users and managers in the Ugalla ecosystem of western Tanzania to determine factors facilitating and motivating unauthorised hunting. The two groups of study participants had different perspectives on the subject. Resource managers dwelt on factors facilitating hunting, for example, inadequate patrol resources and impassable patrol roads. On the other hand, resource users discussed both motivating factors, for example, limited income‐generating opportunities; and facilitating factors, some of which were also mentioned by resource managers (e.g., poorly managed hunting cases). There was also variability in how study participants perceived the importance of different factors. Some factors were perceived as highly important but mentioned less frequently and others were mentioned often but ranked low. Some were mentioned by both resource managers and users with the same frequency but ranked differently (e.g., the management of unauthorised hunting cases). Overall, we suggest considering the views of people with different interests in natural resources to comprehensively understand the factors that influence unauthorised hunting for improved conservation outcomes.
Coupling paraecology and hunter GPS self‐follows to quantify village bushmeat hunting dynamics across the landscape scale
Authors: Froese Graden Z. L. , Ebang Mbélé Alex , Beirne Christopher , Atsame Lucie , Bayossa Charlottte , Bazza Blaise , Bidzime Nkoulou Martine , Dzime N'noh Sylvain , Ebeba Jovin , Edzidzie Jocelin , Ekazama Koto Serge , Imbomba Serge , Mandomobo Mapio Edouard , Mandou Mabouanga Hervé Gildas , Mba Edang Edouard , Landry Metandou Jonas , Mossindji Clotaire , Ngoboutseboue Irma , Nkwele Christ , Nzemfoule Eric , Sala Elie Bonaventure , Sergent Aimé‐Placide , Poulsen John R.
Published: March 2022

Hunting for bushmeat represents a complex social–ecological system ill‐suited to top‐down management. Community participatory management is an alternative approach with increasing support for both ethical and pragmatic reasons. Key to a community approach is long‐term monitoring: this can both catalyse local ownership of and cohesion around management and is necessary to assess the effects of interventions and make changes as needed through adaptive management. Yet community‐driven methods to monitor hunting remain underdeveloped: they often fail to account for sampling bias and do not incorporate space in a thorough way, and data are not communally analysed to simulate effects of potential management decisions. We created a novel community bushmeat monitoring programme to address these gaps across 20 villages in north‐eastern Gabon. Paraecologists conducted standardised monitoring of bushmeat, and hundreds of hunters conducted GPS self‐follows mapping village hunting catchments. We integrated these data to estimate the proportion of bushmeat sampled and make robust extrapolations of total offtake across space and time, estimating an annual offtake of ~30,000 animals of >56 species across all villages. Here, we present our approach and data—and apply them through a case study of six sympatric duiker species—to inform new directions for social–ecological bushmeat research and management.
Vouchers control for illegal bushmeat transport and reveal dynamics of authorised wild meat trade in central Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
Authors: Hart John A. , Omene Ohm , Hart Terese B.
Published: March 2022

Hunting of species not protected by national law and during open hunting season is authorised by Maniema Province regulations in the buffer zone of the Lomami National Park (LNP). Since 2017, vouchers tally numbers and species of authorised bushmeat, as well as shotgun ammunition and snare cable transported across LNP on established tracks. The voucher system has high rates of compliance. Vouchers provide proof to park rangers checking caravans that bushmeat was not illegally harvested, and ammunition and snare cable not illegally deployed in LNP. Vouchers facilitate monitoring of bushmeat commerce in about 1/5 of Kindu's bushmeat catchment. Numbers of animals reported in vouchers has declined 2017–2021. However, the proportion of large mammals in bushmeat loads has not declined during this period. This suggests faunal depletion has not occurred in areas sourced by transporters. Insecurity in the area in 2019 led Congolese military to limit shotgun ammunition in transporters loads. This was associated with a decline in numbers of primates in bushmeat loads. Increasing costs and risks of bushmeat transport versus increasing availability and decreasing cost of domestic meat in Kindu have reduced the economic value of bushmeat trade from the LNP buffer zone.
Local people’s knowledge of topi (Damaliscus lunatus) and their illegal hunting for bushmeat consumption in the Serengeti Ecosystem
Authors: Hariohay Kwaslema Malle , Nassary Damari Samwel , Lyamuya Richard D. , Røskaft Eivin
Published: March 2022

Illegal hunting for bushmeat in or near protected areas is a significant threat to biodiversity conservation. This study assessed knowledge by local people of the occurrence of topi (Damaliscus lunatus) in the Serengeti Ecosystem and linked it with the level of illegal hunting for bushmeat consumption. A total of 150 households from three villages were randomly selected and interviewed using semistructured questionnaires to gather the required information. The majority of local people (91.4%) were able to identify the topi species correctly, and 71.0% reported that topi were still available in their area. Moreover, the local people's knowledge of the occurrence of topi and their bushmeat consumption differed significantly between tribes and age classes. The majority of respondents (97.8%) had no hunting permit. These results indicate that illegal hunting for either subsistence or commercial purposes occurs in the area and is currently a major threat to topi survival. We recommend the establishment of bushmeat butcheries since many people prefer to eat bushmeat. Finally, we call for further research to specifically assess the magnitude of the decline of the topi population in the area.
Torsade de pointes caused by citalopram during the pacemaker battery‐depletion phase: A case report
Authors: Wang Junwen , Sun Ziyi , Tao Siming
Published: March 2022

Drug‐induced QT prolongation, primarily antiarrhythmic drugs, is a common cause of torsade de pointes (TdP). Although there have been previous reports of drug‐induced TdP in patients, it has not been well documented when caused by citalopram during the pacemaker battery‐depletion phase. To improve delirium recognition, we report a case of citalopram‐induced TdP during the pacemaker battery‐depletion phase. An 84‐year‐old Chinese female was brought to the hospital presenting recurrent syncope. She lost consciousness and was admitted after her syncope TdP was documented. Her pacemaker was inspected and found to be operating in an extremely ineffective manner. Although she had prolonged QT interval after the pacemaker was replaced, she did not suffer another syncope attack, and ECG monitoring revealed no cardiac arrhythmia or TdP. During her admission, she was treated with citalopram for depression. Citalopram was discontinued when the QT interval shortened progressively. In this study, we described a case of citalopram‐induced TdP during the depletion phase of a pacemaker battery. This case should serve as a cautionary lesson to clinicians to avoid using citalopram during the pacemaker battery‐depletion phase.
Acute adaptation of renal phosphate transporters in the murine kidney to oral phosphate intake requires multiple signals
Authors: Daryadel Arezoo , Haykir Betül , Küng Catharina J. , Bugarski Milica , Bettoni Carla , Schnitzbauer Udo , Hernando Nati , Hall Andrew M. , Wagner Carsten A.
Published: March 2022

Aims

Dietary inorganic phosphate (Pi) modulates renal Pi reabsorption by regulating the expression of the NaPi‐IIa and NaPi‐IIc Pi transporters. Here, we aimed to clarify the role of several Pi‐regulatory mechanisms including parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6‐kinases) in the acute regulation of NaPi‐IIa and NaPi‐IIc.

Methods

Wildtype (WT) and PTH‐deficient mice (PTH‐KO) with/without inhibition of FGF23 signalling were gavaged with Pi/saline and examined at 1, 4 and 12 h.

Results

Pi‐gavage elevated plasma Pi and decreased plasma Ca2+ in both genotypes after 1 h Within 1 h, Pi‐gavage decreased NaPi‐IIa abundance in WT and PTH‐KO mice. NaPi‐IIc was downregulated 1 h post‐administration in WT and after 4 h in PTH‐KO. PTH increased after 1 h in WT animals. After 4 h Pi‐gavage, FGF23 increased in both genotypes being higher in the KO group. PTHrp and dopamine were not altered by Pi‐gavage. Blocking FGF23 signalling blunted PTH upregulation in WT mice and reduced NaPi‐IIa downregulation in PTH‐KO mice 4 h after Pi‐gavage. Inhibition of IP6‐kinases had no effect.

Conclusions

(1) Acute downregulation of renal Pi transporters in response to Pi intake occurs also in the absence of PTH and FGF23 signalling, (2) when FGF23 signalling is blocked, a partial contribution of PTH is revealed, (3) IP6 kinases, intracellular Pi‐sensors in yeast and bacteria, are not involved, and (4) Acute Pi does not alter PTHrp and dopamine. Thus, signals other than PTH, PTHrp, FGF23 and dopamine contribute to renal adaption.
Expression of EPHA5 in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with lymph node metastasis and EGFR mutation
Authors: Liu Chengying , He Yan , Feng Xiao , Li Jie , Wang Jiandong
Published: March 2022

EPHA5 is a member of the Eph family of tyrosine kinase receptors, which affect carcinogenesis. The expression level of the EPHA5 receptor in a set of lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples was checked using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between EPHA5 expression and clinicopathological parameters, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Braf mutations were analyzed. We also checked the expression level of the EPHA5 receptor in four lung cancer cell lines. High expression of EPHA5 was found in NCI‐H460 and H1299 cells, while low expression was observed in A549 and SPC‐A1 cells. EPHA5 was knocked down in NCI‐H460 and H1299 lung cancer cell lines using siRNAs. The proliferation, clone formation, and invasive ability were analyzed in NCI‐H460 and H1299 cells with EPHA5 knockdown. The results show that the EPHA5 receptor is differently expressed in lung adenocarcinoma tissues, in which positive and negative expression of EPHA5 was found in 58.1% and 41.9% of tissues, respectively. Positive expression of EPHA5 was associated with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.002), differentiation (p = 0.020), TNM stage (p = 0.002), and EGFR mutation (p = 0.001). The proliferation, clone formation, and invasive ability were significantly decreased after EPHA5 knockdown in NCI‐H460 and H1299 cells. Our data suggest that the EPHA5 receptor plays a role in tumor promotion in lung adenocarcinoma and is a potential target for lung adenocarcinoma treatment.
The short‐term economic consequences of COVID‐19: Occupation tasks and mental health in Canada
Authors: Beland Louis‐Philippe , Brodeur Abel , Mikola Derek , Wright Taylor
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the effect of COVID‐19 on the labour market and reported mental health of Canadians. To better understand the effect of the pandemic on the labour market, we build indexes for whether workers: (i) are relatively more exposed to disease, (ii) work in proximity to co‐workers, (iii) are essential workers and (iv) can easily work remotely. Our estimates suggest that the impact of COVID‐19 was significantly more severe for workers that work in proximity to co‐workers and those more exposed to disease who are not in the health sector, while the effects are less severe for essential workers and workers that can work remotely. Last, using the Canadian Perspective Survey Series, we observe that reported mental health is significantly lower among some of the most affected workers such as women and less‐educated workers. We also document that those who were absent from work because of COVID‐19 are more concerned with meeting their financial obligations and with losing their job than those who continue working outside their home.
Knockdown of circ_0055412 promotes cisplatin sensitivity of glioma cells through modulation of CAPG and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Qingjiu , Fu Qiang , Shaya Mahati , Kugeluke Yalikun , Li Shaoshan , Dilimulati Yisireyili
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Glioma is the most frequent primary cerebral tumor in adults. Recent evidence has suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are associated with the pathological processes in glioma. In our study, we aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of circ_CAPG (circ_0055412) in glioma.

Methods

Firstly, circ_0055412 expression was examined through RT‐qPCR analysis. Loss‐of‐function assays and animal experiments were implemented to evaluate the role of circ_0055412 on cisplatin resistance of glioma cells. Moreover, mechanism assays were done to probe into the regulatory mechanism of circ_0055412 in glioma cells.

Results

Circ_0055412 was found to be notably upregulated in glioma cells. Moreover, depletion of circ_0055412 enhanced cisplatin sensitivity of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, circ_0055412 recruited eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3) protein to stabilize capping actin protein, gelsolin like (CAPG) mRNA. Furthermore, circ_0055412 served as a sponge for microRNA‐330‐3p (miR‐330‐3p) and regulated nuclear factor of activated T cells 3 (NFATC3) expression to activate the transcription of catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), thus participating in the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion

Circ_0055412 contributed to cisplatin resistance of glioma cells via stabilizing CAPG mRNA and modulating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. This finding might provide novel information for the treatment of glioma.
Movement and habitat use of non‐breeding Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) at the Banco dos Cajuais in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Linhart Rebeca C. , Hamilton Diana J. , Paquet Julie , N. Monteiro J. Onofre , P. Ramires Gabriela , Mobley Jason A.
Published: March 2022

Semipalmated sandpipers are Arctic breeding shorebirds that migrate to South America during the non‐breeding season. Little work has been done to understand the daily movements, foraging habits and metabolic state of this species on stationary nonbreeding grounds. Our work was conducted at the Banco dos Cajuais Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network (WHSRN) site in Northeast Brazil. We captured semipalmated sandpipers in February and March 2019 and 2020 and attached nanotags to monitor their daily movements. Blood samples were taken to measure plasma triglycerides (an index of fattening rate). We also conducted behavioral observations on foraging birds. Using tracking data we determined that most semipalmated sandpipers appeared to use sunrise/sunset as an indicator for movement between salina and tidal flat habitats, and a smaller portion used tidal height. We found birds spent similar amounts of time foraging on tidal flats and in salinas, though different foraging modes were used. Plasma triglyceride measures suggest semipalmated sandpipers had not started preparing to migrate when sampled. We successfully tracked semipalmated sandpipers to North America during northward migration in 2020, detecting eight within the United States. Tracking results suggest many stopped elsewhere in South America to fuel for migration, though some may have fueled at the Banco dos Cajuais. By demonstrating substantial use of both natural and altered habitats in the region by migrant semipalmated sandpipers, these data highlight the need for broader conservation measures throughout coastal regions of South America.
Cardiovascular efficacy of liraglutide and semaglutide in individuals with diabetes and peripheral artery disease
Authors: Verma Subodh , Al‐Omran Mohammed , Leiter Lawrence A. , Mazer C. David , Rasmussen Søren , Saevereid Hans A. , Sejersten Ripa Maria , Bonaca Marc P.
Published: March 2022

Aim

To evaluate the cardiovascular (CV) efficacy of liraglutide and semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Materials and Methods

LEADER and SUSTAIN 6 trials investigated subcutaneous liraglutide (≤1.8 mg/day) and semaglutide (0.5 or 1.0 mg/week), respectively, versus placebo in patients with T2D and high CV risk (median follow‐up: 3.8 and 2.1 years, respectively). The primary outcome was a composite of CV death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction or non‐fatal stroke (major adverse CV event [MACE]) according to the presence of PAD at baseline.

Results

Overall, 1184/9340 (12.7%) patients in LEADER and 460/3297 (14.0%) in SUSTAIN 6 had PAD at baseline. Patients with PAD were at an ~35% increased risk of MACE versus those without (LEADER: hazard ratio [HR] 1.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17‐1.58; SUSTAIN 6: HR 1.33, 95% CI 0.94‐1.83). The effects of both therapies on MACE were consistently beneficial in patients with PAD (liraglutide: HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58‐1.01; semaglutide: 0.61, 0.33‐1.13) and without (liraglutide: HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.79‐1.00; semaglutide: HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58‐1.01; Pinteraction = .34 for liraglutide and .49 for semaglutide). Absolute risk reductions for MACE were higher in patients with PAD (liraglutide: 4.13%‐point, 95% CI −0.15‐8.42; semaglutide: 4.63%‐point, 95% CI −0.58‐9.84) versus without (liraglutide:1.42%‐point, 95% CI −0.03‐2.87; semaglutide: 1.90%‐point, 95% CI 0.00‐3.80).

Conclusion

Both liraglutide and semaglutide reduce MACE with consistent CV efficacy regardless of PAD status.
Nerve regeneration in rat peripheral nerve allografts: An assessment of the role of endogenous neurotrophic factors in nerve cryopreservation and regeneration
Authors: Zhang Song , Zhou Ying , Xian Hua , Shi Yifeng , Liu Yunxiao , Li Zijian , Huang Yingru
Published: March 2022

Peripheral nerve injury is a common clinical problem that often leads to significant functional impairment or even complete paralysis. Allograft has been proposed as a potential repair strategy for peripheral nerve injuries. Furthermore, peripheral nerve cryopreservation may result in nearly unlimited supply of grafts. However, the concentration of neurotrophic factors secreted by Schwann cells (SCs) in the local micro‐environment after transplantation may not be sufficient for the survival of neuronal soma and axonal regeneration. Here, we investigated the effect of endogenous neurotrophic factors (ENTFs) on nerve regeneration in rats after the allograft of a cryopreserved sciatic nerve. ENTFs were highly expressed in the sciatic nerves pretreated for 14 days. Although the number of surviving cells in the sciatic nerves and their immunogenicity were low in the 14‐day group after 4 weeks of cryopreservation, they continued to express high levels of ENTFs in vitro. At 1 week postoperation, the 14‐day Allo group showed low plasma levels of interleukin‐2, interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha and low cellular immune response. At 20 weeks postoperation, nerve regeneration and functional recovery in the 14‐day Allo group was similar to that in the fresh isograft group but better than that in the cryopreserved‐fresh allograft and fresh allograft groups. Thus, ENTFs were induced in vitro after pretreatment of the sciatic nerve. Following cryopreservation, the sciatic nerves with high levels of ENTFs continued to express high levels of ENTFs in vitro. The immune response after allograft was weak, which promoted recipient nerve regeneration.
Global insights on managing fishery systems for the three pillars of sustainability
Authors: Garlock Taryn , Anderson James L. , Asche Frank , Smith Martin D. , Camp Edward , Chu Jingjie , Lorenzen Kai , Vannuccini Stefania
Published: March 2022

There is growing recognition that fisheries should be managed for all three pillars of sustainability: economic, social and environmental sustainability. Limited quantitative evidence exists on factors supporting social sustainability, much less factors that contribute to multiple dimensions of sustainability. To develop a broader understanding of the factors that influence the performance of fishery management systems in environmental, economic and social pillars, we examine 11 input factors conjectured to contribute to successful fisheries using a global dataset of 145 fisheries case studies. The analysis indicates that management approaches are cross‐cutting and contribute to multiple dimensions of sustainability to varying extents. Importantly, factors exogenous to fisheries management can be as important as fisheries management, suggesting collaboration of fisheries institutions with other public and private institutions is important for sustainable fisheries development.
Editor Profile: Manuela Baccarini
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Baccarini Manuela
Published: March 2022

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Manuela Baccarini is Professor of Cell Signaling at the University of Vienna, Coordinator of the International PhD Program ‘Signaling Mechanisms in Cellular Homeostasis’ and Director of the Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, a graduate school of the University and Medical University of Vienna in collaboration with the Institute of Molecular Pathology and the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Medical Biotechnology and Gregor Mendel Institute, as well as EMBO member and corresponding member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. She has served as an editorial board member of The FEBS Journal since 2016.
Editor Profile: Eric Chevet
Authors:   The FEBS Journal Editorial Team, Chevet Eric
Published: March 2022

In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal Editorial Board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Eric Chevet is Research Director at the French National Institute of Health (INSERM) and Director of the INSERM Unit U1242 ‘Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling’ in the Comprehensive Cancer Centre Eugène Marquis at the University of Rennes. He has served as Editorial Board Member of The FEBS Journal since 2019.