bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Drachma in Your Pocket
Authors: Kelly Paul V.
Published: January 2024

This chapter will consider price inflation in Roman Egypt over the period from AD 1 to 350 and will start with a consideration of the theories behind price inflation before proceeding to assess what happened to prices over the period concerned. The chapter concludes that for the period up to AD 270, the average levels of inflation are low in absolute terms, never exceeding around 1.1% per annum, and in relative terms are considerably lower than those which have often occurred in modern economies. Prices in the period from AD 270 to 350 are also reviewed and show inflation running at around 15% a year. There is evidence for a breakdown in the pricing mechanisms of the market for complex goods such as donkeys given undue variability in the prices paid at approximately the same time. The economic implications of these inflationary conditions are considered.
Land
Authors: Kelly Paul V.
Published: January 2024

Ownership of agricultural land is a critical element of any ancient agrarian economy where significant amounts of land are held in private hands. This chapter determines what patterns within the data can tell us about how the market in privately owned agricultural land functioned in Roman Egypt. The chapter continues by looking first as sales and then at leases. Among the conclusions as to the nature of the sale market are that overall, ‘investment’ motivations are much more apparent in the evidence than ‘familial’ ones. The lack of activity by agents and the pattern of residence of participants shows that the market operated on a face-to-face basis, where people transacted with other people known to them or to their social circle. In summary, the sales market was one which operated through gendered, local, social networks which were limited in scale. The next section concentrates on leases of arable land. The elements of the leases including the size of the plot, the crops to be sown, the types of rent and the duration and seasonality of the leases are analysed. The contractual terms are also examined. Leases show very little signs of conventional pricing in the level of rents.
Conclusions
Authors: Kelly Paul V.
Published: January 2024

This chapter summarises the key economic conclusions of the book. For many years, inflation was very low and would not have been an inhibitor to investment and would have provided a stable environment for economic growth. On the nature of the markets conclusions are drawn as to whether the markets were sufficiently efficient to allow financial rationality to be exercised. Overall, it is concluded, within the credit and land markets, low frictional costs and sufficient information exchange, existed. In the housing markets of rural Roman Egypt however, it would have been difficult to exercise financial rationality given the constraints on information exchange and therefore behaviours may have driven by social considerations. A key conclusion is that we must think not of a single market but of a series of sectors and sub-sectors. The financial markets differ considerably as to their nature. It is concluded that it is highly probable that the agricultural land and the secured credit markets were driven by financial rationality, whilst the housing and unsecured credit markets were driven by reciprocity, redistribution and social considerations.
Introduction
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

This begins with a further elucidation of the terms archive, document and records before going on to describe the scope and arrangement of the volume. Starting in the early Anglo-Saxon period, it continues down to the 1970s, with a short postscript covering the last forty years. The narrative is divided into three main sections, covering respectively the medieval, early modern and modern periods, with each section preceded by a few introductory paragraphs outlining its wider themes. Within each section the narrative proceeds chronologically. Discussions of the records of government are usually followed by paragraphs on ecclesiastical archives, archives of institutions and voluntary organisations, estate records, business records and personal and family papers. The Introduction concludes with a Note on Sources.
Post-Conquest Archives 1066–1190
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

This chapter begins with an assessment of the upheaval caused by the Norman Conquest, with particular reference to English monastic, cathedral and diocesan archives. The Conquest can be seen as a stimulus to religious record-keeping in some respects, as new monasteries and dioceses were created, and older ones needed to review and protect their muniments. As the size of these archives grew, the cartulary, a collection of copies or summaries of charters, was introduced as an aid to records management. There are also indications that rooms were being created or designated as treasuries, or places for the safe-keeping of archives. Although Domesday Book can be described as the foundation document of the English governmental archive, it was not until the early twelfth century that an office of royal finance, the Exchequer, was created. The rest of the chapter is devoted mainly to the early development of the Exchequer archive and its acquisition of permanent quarters in the Palace of Westminster.
The Later Middle Ages 1300–1530
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

During this long period English archives accumulated at an ever-growing rate, and more is known about where and how they were kept. Among the records of central government traditional methods persisted, but after 1485 the older bodies were joined by ones that began to keep somewhat different kinds of records, notably the Privy Council and Parliament. In the counties the fourteenth century saw the establishment of a system of government by magistrates in Quarter Sessions, but it has left no local archival evidence for the medieval period. At parish level, however, a number of churchwardens’ accounts survive for the fifteenth century. Another important feature of the period was the proliferation of colleges, hospitals and other charitable bodies that carefully maintained their own archives. Among the lay proprietors the gentry as well as the nobility were now keeping more records. The chapter ends with an exploration of record-keeping attitudes as revealed by the rising of 1381 known as the Peasants’ Revolt.
The Long Eighteenth Century 1700–1830
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

During the eighteenth century the more modern departments of State continued to expand and to acquire ever more voluminous archives. The post of First Lord of the Treasury evolved into that of Prime Minister, whose accumulated papers tended to remain in his private custody on his retirement. Later the records of the Home Office and the Foreign Office, created in 1782, together with those of the Admiralty, expanded particularly during the Napoleonic War period. Meanwhile efforts were made from time to time to improve the storage conditions of the older records still scattered around the Palace of Westminster, although the first three decades of the nineteenth century saw no major reform. Local government records greatly increased, as authorities came under particular pressure in the rapidly expanding urban and industrial areas. Both the industrial revolution and a revolution in agriculture led to a growth in record-keeping.
Twentieth-Century Challenges 1900–1980
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

The period 1900 – 1980 saw important archival developments in both central and local government. Two World Wars led to unprecedented accumulations of modern records, and in the 1950s it was finally decided to tackle the problems of records management thus created in Whitehall and elsewhere. A new Public Records Act, passed in 1958, was later followed by the transfer of the Public Record Office from Chancery Lane to Kew. The county councils, too, had growing storage problems, but these encouraged two major developments, the creation (mainly after 1945) of a network of county record offices, and the birth of an archival profession. Some county record offices also became diocesan record offices. The Second World War had prompted a discussion about a national policy for archives, leading to the creation of a National Register of Archives attached to the Historical Manuscripts Commission. Losses due to the War itself are discussed in a final section of the chapter.
Postscript
Authors: Olney Richard
Published: January 2024

After briefly summarizing some of the changes of the last forty years, the author concludes with two hopes for the future. One is that the book will help counter the modern tendency to use the word archive too loosely. The other is that it may help to bring together more closely the two professions of historian and archivist in the work of preserving and elucidating this important element of our shared past.
Armistice
Authors: Reed Eleanor
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores magazines issued between November 1918 and November 1919. Its focus is Woman’s Weekly’s approach to negotiating the immediate aftermath of the First World War: what, it asks, is distinctively lower middle class about this approach? After establishing the publication’s status in the post-war magazine market, the chapter addresses the following concerns: the war’s impact on gender norms, the status of working women, housework and housewifery, and Woman’s Weekly’s complicated relationship with leisure-class culture and the middlebrow. Addressed again in later chapters, these concerns are touchstones by which Woman’s Weekly and its target audience are designated lower middle class. Comparisons to works by authors including Dot Allan, Arthur Conan Doyle, E. M. Delafield, T. S. Eliot, and Daphne Du Maurier position the magazine within the wider literary field. Offering readers consolation, escapism, and personal conduct guidance, romance is a framework for understanding their distinctively lower-middle-class anxieties and aspirations.
Preparing for War
Authors: Reed Eleanor
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores magazines issued between September 1938 and September 1939, the year leading up to the outbreak of the Second World War. It is divided into two sections: the first examines Woman’s Weekly’s engagement with the possibility that Britain could soon be fighting another conflict, and the second investigates the contribution made to the magazine by The Man Who Sees, a pseudonymous columnist who shapes readers’ social aspirations in accordance with a lower-middle-class version of the middlebrow. The following topics are discussed: horoscopes, the preparedness of British men and women for war service, Woman’s Weekly readers’ cultural aspirations, suburbia, and citizenship. The magazine ranks lower middle class in relation to publications including Good Housekeeping and Reader’s Digest, and fiction by E. M. Delafield, E. F. Benson, and George Orwell.
Austerity
Authors: Reed Eleanor
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores magazines issued during 1948, during the period of austerity imposed by the post-war Labour government. Its focus is how Woman’s Weekly supported its readers through continuing shortages and rationing, by offering practical help and escapism. Discussing the magazine’s responses to austerity, it formulates the lower-middle-class status of its target audience in party-political terms: notably, Woman’s Weekly is less critical of government policy than middle-middle-class Good Housekeeping, acknowledging a less wealthy readership that benefitted under Labour. The following topics are discussed: housework and the British Housewives’ League, wedding etiquette, travel fiction, Christian Dior’s New Look fashions, and the extent to which the magazine supports working readers, including working wives. Comparison is made to fiction by Marghanita Laski and Mary Stewart.
First steps: The screw collier
Authors: Fenton Roy
Published: January 2024

Attempts to build a steam vessel that could successfully compete with sailing vessels for carrying relatively low value bulk cargoes came to fruition in the early 1850s with the first screw colliers. Developed to carry coal from the north east of England to London, they combined an efficient steam engine driving a screw propellor with an iron hull with large hatches and a capacious hold and which could carrying water ballast during unladen voyages. Various methods of water ballasting were tried, but the McIntyre tank built into the bottom of the hull quickly established itself as the most satisfactory, and became a defining feature of the bulk carrier. The screw collier was quickly multiplied, and the growth of the fleet is traced. The major driver in the development of the screw collier was the requirement of London gas companies for large, but above all uninterrupted, deliveries of coal all year round. Sailing colliers, subject to vagaries of wind and tide, could not provide such a service. The evidence for the acceptance of the screw collier by gas undertakings is set out in detail.
Refining the steam bulk carrier
Authors: Fenton Roy
Published: January 2024

The earliest screw colliers were largely operated by those in the coal industry, who were willing to invest in them to obtain large and valuable contracts from gas works. This chapter details technological advances in marine engineering and in shipbuilding which made operating screw colliers an economic proposition for those who made ship owning their living. The critical improvement was to the marine boiler, where increases in steam pressure gave major gains in efficiency. To grasp this dividend, developments in engine design saw the adoption of compounding, with two- and later three-stage expansion of steam. In parallel, hull building in iron and later steel saw changes in materials, skills and technology. Growth in knowledge of the strength of materials changed rules imposed by classification societies, most notably Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, which helped hulls become lighter and hence cheaper. Overall, these factors meant that in the 1880s an owner was getting a much more efficient ship than the earliest screw collier for little more money. As further chapters will demonstrate, these improvements made it possible to build both larger and smaller bulk-carrying steamers which could compete ever more successfully with sailing vessels.
Steam bulk carrying dominant
Authors: Fenton Roy
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the developments from 1890 to 1950 during saw the steam tramp grew in size, efficiency and sophistication, and came to dominate the carriage of dry bulk cargoes and eliminate sail from long-distance trades. For the largest builder and operator, Great Britain, total tonnage of steam vessels surpassed that for sail in the 1880s. Decennial surveys reveal a growth in tonnage over this period of 140 per cent, a 380 per cent increase in ballast capacity, and a doubling of power output. Although the fundamental features of the tramp were well established by 1890, competition amongst shipbuilders resulted in considerable variations in hull structure, claimed to reduce first cost and fuel consumption, improve seaworthiness and ease trimming of cargoes. The most significant was the Doxford ‘Turret’ design, and its imitations. Although these designs were not adopted long term, the increased longitudinal strength which the ‘Turret’ hull gave was recognised as important, especially as hulls got lengthier, and this led to the adoption of the Isherwood system of longitudinal framing. The period ended with British builders and operators of steam tramps being challenged by overseas competitors.
The shipping industries and powered bulk carrying
Authors: Fenton Roy
Published: January 2024

The advent of powered bulk carriers, and their size, complexity and efficiency, profoundly changed the shipping industry in terms of manning, finance, management, brokerage, chartering, and insurance. An increase in head office staff, with varying and often novel skills was required, along with a network of brokers and agents at ports likely to be visited. The impact on shipbuilding and the nascent marine engineering industry was equally far reaching. The iron hull put an end to the era when shipbuilding was almost a cottage industry, with a shipwright able to turn out a wooden hull with simple facilities and a handful of employees on a beach or river bank. Shipbuilding in iron and steel need new skills, new machinery and a new approach to financing a yard. Introduction of steam had a profound effect on seafarers, with work becoming somewhat safer and less arduous, whilst new opportunities for employment presented themselves, especially in the engine room. Ports and harbours and their associated industries had to adapt to the increasing size of steam vessels, and the need to ensure fast turnounds.
Black freighters: Lines of development
Authors: Fenton Roy
Published: January 2024

Drawing on evidence already presented, this chapter charts a line which over 170 years connects the earliest steam colliers with both the ocean-going and short-sea bulk carriers of the 2020s. The initial transitions to deep sea and coastal tramp steamers were enabled by technological developments in boilers and steam machinery, hull design and construction which increased a vessels and economy and range of operations. The replacement of steam by internal combustion engines contributed to economies in operation, especially in terms of energy consumption and crew sizes, although increases in size and cargo capacity of motor tramps and coasters were relatively modest. The big leap forward in capacity came with what are termed bulk carriers, single-deck ships with machinery aft and significant water ballast capacity, which are in effect massive enlargements of the screw colliers introduced 150 years ago.
Spilled Bitterness
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines the relationship between myth and history, a controversial one, in David Jones’s long poem about the First World War. It suggests that the poem is much more politically and socially engaged than is sometimes thought, and it also treats of something rarely considered: its notable involvement in issues of sexuality. Its intricate relationship to the work of modernism generally and of T. S. Eliot in particular is also discussed. Jones’s drawings for the poem, although no longer printed in the English edition, are described and read as integral to its meaning. Certain passages of the poem, which is a difficult one, are read with patient close attention, and the poem’s drafts are also adduced as usefully interpretative.
The Mahon Prose
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers in depth the prose – literary-critical and otherwise – of the poet Derek Mahon, characterising both its material interests and its stylistic features. Resolutely anti-academic, Mahon’s prose was often produced as reviews and other forms of literary journalism, and one published volume is actually entitled Journalism. But his is no ordinary journalism; and a wide variety of his interests and enthusiasms is on display within it, along with both strong and subtle forms of identification: cultural, political and feminist. In addition, his prose may be read as in many ways illuminating his own poetic practice and, in the end, as a form of apology for poetry itself.
Beacon and Black Hole
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines two of Dylan’s 1960s songs, ‘Boots of Spanish Leather’ and ‘Ballad in Plain D’, both of which are illuminated by the material available in his then girlfriend Suze Rotolo’s very fine autobiography A Feewheelin’ Time. Both songs are indebted to the Anglo-Scots ballad tradition. The chapter argues that the former gains immeasurably by rendering its biographical detail obliquely, in a way that may be read as inheriting modernist, impersonal modes of writing, whereas the latter, although fascinating in various ways, becomes both stylistically and emotionally awkward by staying too close to actual experience and event. The chapter demonstrates, both by close reading of the songs’ lyrics and by descriptions of actual performances, how adept Dylan is at the adaptation and re-orientation of source material and of the ballad tradition itself.
Doubting Ashbery
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter ponders the work of John Ashbery in the light of its usually sympathetic recognition in contemporary critical and academic writing. It takes stock of some of the specifics of this critique and argues a relatively negative case against it, partly by a sympathetic reading of the poem ‘Syringa’ and a much less sympathetic one of what is probably Ashbery’s best-known poem, ‘Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror’, an ekphrastic engagement with Parmigianino’s painting. Specific elements of Ashbery’s poem are brought into the reckoning, and the argument is advanced by an engagement with an account of it by the American critic James A. W. Heffernan. Attitudes to Ashbery by other poets and critics, including Seamus Heaney, Helen Vendler, Simon Armitage and Paul Muldoon, are also engaged. The aim is to raise some questions about Ashbery in the hope that they might be addressed by those who favour his work.
The Enigma of Arrival
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter shows how deeply some of Sylvia Plath’s poetry engages with modern painting, notably that of Giorgio de Chirico and Paul Klee. By means of her ekphrastic responses to the work of these artists, she writes obliquely of what most centrally preoccupies her, including maternity, paternity and sexuality. She also approaches, within this work, an immensely strong poetic forebear both acknowledged and deviated from: W. B. Yeats. The chapter also reads Plath’s poems in the light of the absorbing reflections in her journals. Poems given particular attention are ‘The Disquieting Muses’, ‘On the Decline of Oracles’ and ‘Virgin in a Tree’. The chapter also considers how Plath’s work may best be read, especially in the light of mythological readings of it, notably those of her husband Ted Hughes.
Against Time
Authors: Corcoran Neil
Published: January 2024

This chapter offers a detailed reading of Ciaran Carson’s final book, written while he was dying of cancer. It consists entirely of ekphrastic poems about paintings by, inter alia, Patinir, Poussin, Monet and contemporary Irish painters. The chapter explores the way Carson creates a form of autobiographical record out of the attention he gives the paintings, which are usually pondered in their reproduced form in art books and internet representations. Attention is paid to the way Carson constructs narratives out of the paintings, sometimes by charting his domestic life, the progress of his illness and memories of Belfast in turmoil along with his pondering of the paintings themselves. The chapter also explores the way these poems engage with forms of art history too, notably with the work of T. J. Clark. The proposal is that these extraordinary final works invent a novel kind of poetic ekphrasis.
Conflict and Legacy
Authors: Wiggins Steve A.
Published: January 2024

The Wicker Man had a famously difficult path to distribution and recognition. This conclusion rehearses that well known history. It also explores the rich legacy left by the afterlives of the film.
Syria Under Ottoman Rule
Authors: Kéchichian Joseph A.
Published: January 2024

Levantine conditions are described in some detail to set the stage of the environment into which Yassin was born and raised, precisely to appreciate his socio-political views. This chapter brings the era to life as Yassin, who, it is worth noting, devoted his audio recordings to it, elaborates on his concerns. Attention is also devoted to policies adopted by Ottoman leaders to better assess what the domination by that empire meant to Syria as well as a large portion of the Arab World, since these policies left significant impacts on young men, including Yassin, during their formative years. Shaykh Yusuf’s observations of World War I and the great famines that killed hundreds of thousands in Syria and Lebanon are addressed as well, since these events led to the “Arab Revolt,” which fueled Arab imagination. At the height of the revolt, Yassin joined several battles that, without exaggeration, nurtured his nationalism. Chapter 1 examines events in Syria and Palestine as the Arab World awakened from its Ottoman stupor and fought the Anglo-French Mandate. Notwithstanding putative admiration, Yassin believed that Arabs and Muslims ought to represent themselves fairly, to better defend their interests. He sought allies not masters, a view that he developed over the years, satisfied that a true Arab leader backed him in this quest.
Ties that Shared Visions and Forged Legacies
Authors: Kéchichian Joseph A.
Published: January 2024

Chapter 6 places the relationship between Prince Faysal and Shaykh Yusuf in its proper perspective, as the young foreign-born activist connected with the well-traveled 18-year-old son who, in time, assumed the country’s mantle. As Yassin became the de facto deputy minister of foreign affairs and acting minister of foreign affairs whenever Prince Faysal was absent, Shaykh Yusuf knew how to nurture a truly privileged relationship, while Faysal displayed his magnanimity towards Yassin long after the counselor passed away, continuing with many of the policies they developed together, which protected the Kingdom from dangerous adventurisms. Because so much of what Yassin pursued focused on Sa‘udi Arabia’s Arab and Muslim visions, an evaluation of the nationalist ideas that preserved the monarchy is also provided, emphasizing the Buraymi disputes that pitted Riyadh against London as well as two close neighbors, the Sultanate of Oman and the United Arab Emirates. At the height of the Cold War, Riyadh’s relations with the United States, and how Faysal and Yassin balanced Sa‘udi interests with Arab nationalist forces, are also examined. The chapter closes with an assessment of the Kingdom’s foreign policies until the early 1960s, tracing the long road taken together by King ‘Abdul ‘Aziz, King Sa‘ud, and Heir Apparent Faysal, with Shaykh Yusuf intimately involved in all deliberations between 1924 and 1962.
Introduction
Authors: Swan Deryck
Published: January 2024

The introduction provides a summary of the book’s main intentions, its influences and the overall methodology it will adopt, one akin to Mann’s own approach to filmmaking, which sees him marshalling various interdisciplinary interests into one project. It looks at another filmmaker, Robert Altman, as a means to understanding the troupe Mann regularly uses and also that the appellation auteur is not always justified by every film in a director’s canon.
The Jericho Mile and Prison Culture
Authors: Swan Deryck
Published: January 2024

Chapter 3 examines the first of Mann’s films, The Jericho Mile, through the lens of a key determinant of his work, prison culture. It asks what kind of prison culture the film presents and goes on to conclude that, rather than setting a firm template for the kind of prison culture Mann’s subsequent films deal with, this first feature offers an, at times, radically different and far more naïve picture of the West Coast penal system.
Cantos 42–44
Authors: Gery John
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines these linked Cantos composed in Mussolini’s Italy in the mid-1930s. Known as the Siena Cantos, drawn largely from sources Pound discovered in Siena, they explore the establishment of the Monte dei Paschi di Siena Bank, the oldest surviving bank in Europe, which Pound portrays as a positive model for modern banking practices. Citing contrasting critical interpretations of Pound’s documentary/collage method and perspective, Gery traces Pound’s “economy of meanings” in transposing original materials, while intermingling scenes of Sienese life that demonstrate the bank’s prioritizing of community welfare over profit. The chapter covers Canto 42’s focus on the bank’s founding principles in 1622-23, Canto 43’s delving into its first century of operation, and Canto 43’s exposé of changes from the 1740s to early 1800s, when Siena had fallen under Austrian and French rule.
Canto 49
Authors: Qian Zhaoming
Published: January 2024

This chapter engages with Ezra Pound’s Canto 49, the Seven Lakes Canto, a central engagement with China in The Cantos.
Canto 51
Authors: Gibson Mary Ellis
Published: January 2024

Canto 51 serves as a summation, middle point, and promise in The Cantos. Here Pound sums up his economic ideas and reprises tropes that align art, economics, and politics. Canto 51 draws together multiple voices under the aegis of a prophetic invisible speaker who calibrates the reader’s understanding of art and nature. Pound links Social Credit, Confucius, physiocracy, his admiration of Mussolini, and his increasingly conspiratorial belief that failures of capitalism could be laid to the greed of mostly Jewish bankers. He reprises his attack on Usura from Canto 45. A comparison of the published version with unpublished typescripts shows that Pound returned in drafts to his nineteenth-century predecessors, especially Ruskin and Browning. He then excised “ectoplasmic” Browning along with much extremist, anti-Semitic and scatological rhetoric. The typescripts also provide a window into the terror of history: the time of mud, filth, usury and the descent of Geryon—the time that both the Fascist state and Pound’s poetics were set to overcome. The published version of Canto 51, nevertheless, makes peace with time, transmuting time the “bedbug” into the time of natural order, the ancient world of Hesiod and Confucius.
Canto 52
Authors: Kindellan Michael
Published: January 2024

This chapter offers a close reading of the transitional Canto 52, the introductory section of the China Cantos
Canto 53
Authors: Kleitz Dorsey
Published: January 2024

Chapter 7 is a close reading of Canto 53, the second of Pound's Chinese Cantos, in the context of the beginning of WWII and Mussolini's Fascist Italy. Translating from Joseph-Anne-Marie de Moyriac de Mailla's thirteen-volume Histoire générale de la Chine (1777-83), Pound uses Chinese history as a way to promote Confucian ideals he believes can end the war. Special attention is paid to three Chinese characters: 正名‎ (cheng ming) “right naming,” 耀‎ (yao) “brilliance,” and 止‎ (zhi) “stop.” The central part of the chapter focuses on Pound's famous Make it New slogan, a version of which was originally inscribed on the washbasin of Tching Tang, first emperor of the Shang dynasty (1766-1753 BC) as described in Confucius's Da Xue (The Great Digest). (126 words)
Cantos 64–66
Authors: Derdeyn LeeAnn
Published: January 2024

Writing the Adams Cantos in the 1920s, entre deux guerres, Ezra Pound abruptly changes his poetic style to reflect his engagements with John Adams’ political works and correspondence. What doesn’t change is Pound’s commitment to political activism regarding the arts, monetary exchange, fair wages for labor, equal rights for women and a limited non-discrimination policy. I bring a new interpretation to David Ten Eyck’s coverage of “the documentary method,” training primarily a geo-political and ecopoetical lens on Pound’s activism at ground level. Pound exposes Adams’ attention to geo-political materiality: physical landmarks, place names, ecosystems, cultural anthropology, and others. Pound evidences ecopoetics through green things: ways that the new American colonies commit to self-sustenance, ways that we sustain ourselves, inclusion of women and minority groups (Native Americans, slaves). Pound highlights Adams’ liberal education which enabled him to call by their right names the legitimacy of the emergent United States’ claims against the illegitimacy of England’s claims. Pound’s geopolitical and ecopoetic activism in the Adams Cantos promotes a fecundity of renewables, a message that reverberated then and now through a war-torn contemporary world that could not envision stability in the near future.
Canto 80
Authors: Nadel Ira
Published: January 2024

An analysis of the structure and major themes in one of the longest cantos in Pound’s poem highlighting Pound’s “confession” and self-revelation which made it possible for him to forge ahead with the remainder of his work.
Canto 84
Authors: Howard Alexander
Published: January 2024

This chapter considers the compositional background and political dimensions of Canto 84, the final poem in Ezra Pound's The Pisan Cantos. Drawing on published and unpublished poetic material and gesturing in the direction of longstanding critical disputes as regards authorial intention, this chapter, which is indebted in equal measure to genetic criticism and biographical research into Pound's wartime output, considers what Canto 84 has to tell us about Pound's extreme political affinities and ideological commitments in the face of personal upheaval and loss, as well as the manner in which how these matters come to inform the broader volume in which the poem is contained.
Synthesizing Best Practices to Promote Health Equity for Older Adults Through Community-Engaged Research
Authors: Epps Fayron , Gore Janelle , Flatt Jason D. , Williams Ishan C. , Wiese Lisa , Masoud Sara S. , Franks Nicole
Published: January 2024

Achieving health equity requires creating evidence that reflects the nuance and diversity of experiences among populations disproportionately impacted by age- and race-related disparities. Community-engaged research (CEnR) is one way to pursue equity in research on health and aging to ensure the relevance and translational potential of findings. The current review synthesizes best practices regarding CEnR that promote health equity among older adults, including an overview of CEnR, benefits, and fundamental principles, and three research exemplars from the authors' CEnR. Finally, we discuss these best practices and considerations for advancing CEnR to reduce health disparities experienced by historically underserved older adults and their families. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17
(1), 9–16.]
Geometric methods for finite rational inattention
Authors: Armenter Roc , Müller-Itten Michèle , Stangebye Zachary R.
Published: January 2024

We present a geometric approach to the finite Rational Inattention (RI) model, recasting it as a convex optimization problem with reduced dimensionality that is well suited to numerical methods. We provide an algorithm that outperforms existing RI computation techniques in terms of both speed and accuracy in both static and dynamic RI problems. We further introduce methods to quantify the impact of numerical inaccuracy on the model's outcomes and to produce robust predictions regarding the most frequently implemented actions.
Difficulties in testing for capital overaccumulation
Authors: Kocherlakota Narayana R.
Published: January 2024

This paper reconsiders the question of testing for the presence of Pareto suboptimal capital overaccumulation in overlapping generations economies. The paper allows generation‐specific technology shocks to evolve over time according to a stationary Markov chain, and assumes that an econometrician observes a finite sample of aggregate quantities. In this setting, any statistical test of the null hypothesis of capital overaccumulation with size less than one also has zero power against the alternative hypothesis of a dynamically efficient steady state. This result means that the standard assessments of capital overaccumulation based on US aggregate quantity data should be viewed as inconclusive.
Wages as signals of worker mobility
Authors: Chen Yu , Doyle Matthew , Gonzalez Francisco M.
Published: January 2024

We analyze a model in which workers direct their search on and off the job and employer–worker match productivities are private information. Employers can commit neither to post contracts such that wages are a function of tenure nor to disregard counteroffers. In this context, potential employers who do not observe workers' productivity in their current matches use wages as a signal of workers' willingness to switch jobs. In turn, this implies that the wage contracts that employers post in the market for entry jobs—the jobs unemployed workers search for—not only direct job search but also signal future worker mobility. When the costs of creating entry jobs are sufficiently small, the unique equilibrium supports the efficient allocation under full information. When the costs of creating entry jobs are sufficiently large, the efficient equilibrium may break down because match‐specific risk gives rise to a holdup problem in the market for entry jobs. Then the unique equilibrium may fail to reveal match productivities in the market for entry jobs. The nonrevealing equilibrium features wage posting—pooling wage contracts—as well as counteroffers, which eliminates the holdup problem at the cost of distorting worker mobility.
The Dynamics of Instability
Authors: Barilla César , Gonçalves Duarte
Published: January 2024

We study a model in which two players with opposing interests try to alter a status quo through instability‐generating actions. We show that instability can be used to secure longer‐term durable changes, even if it is costly to generate and does not generate short‐term gains. In equilibrium, instability generated by a player decreases when the status quo favors them more. Equilibrium always exhibits a region of stable states in which the status quo persists. As players' threat power increases, this region shrinks, ultimately collapsing to a single stable state that is supported via a deterrence mechanism. There is long‐run path‐dependency and inequity: although instability eventually leads to a stable state, it typically selects the least favorable one for the initially disadvantaged player.
Appuyez sur « C » pour « Caméra » : une histoire discursive de la caméra vidéoludique
Authors: Krichane Selim
Published: January 2024

L’emploi du terme « caméra » s’est généralisé dans les discours portant sur le jeu vidéo dès les années 1990. Aujourd’hui encore, cette notion est fréquemment utilisée par les joueurs, les designers ou encore les journalistes pour qualifier les déplacements du point de vue dans les jeux vidéo. Malgré son statut central dans le domaine des jeux vidéo, l’histoire de cette notion n’a jamais fait l’objet d’une étude détaillée. Son usage dans le contexte des game studies repose sur une connaissance partagée du terme, sur un savoir encyclopédique supposé qui est rarement interrogé par les chercheurs et les chercheuses. Cet article propose de retracer l’émergence, la naturalisation et la généralisation de la notion de « caméra » dans le contexte du jeu vidéo, à partir de l’étude d’un large corpus de magazines spécialisés et de notices d’emploi. L’auteur recompose les variations conceptuelles du terme en reconstituant, par l’analyse qualitative, les différents cadrages sémantiques de cette notion — dès son émergence dans le contexte des jeux vidéo dans la seconde moitié des années 1980 —, tout en prêtant une attention particulière à son contexte d’utilisation et aux relations multiples qui lient les différents agents du champ culturel du jeu vidéo qui en ont fait usage (joueurs, créateurs, critiques, éditeurs, etc.).
Traduction de jeux destinés à la réalité virtuelle : une transmission de nouveaux codes
Authors: Houlmont Pierre-Yves
Published: January 2024

Les modalités de consommation du jeu vidéo sont en constante évolution, tant du point de vue des intermédiaires technologiques qu’en termes de pratique culturelle. Les modifications et transformations de l’industrie vidéoludique entraine fréquemment une redéfinition de la posture du traducteur (Chandler et Deeming, 2012). Ces changements apportent de nouveaux usages et codes que le joueur et les professionnels du milieu doivent intégrer. Les développeurs exploitent souvent des stratégies liées à l’implicite pour guider les joueurs dans leur pratique. Pour ce faire, ils implémentent fréquemment un accompagnement ludique implicite dans les textes de jeux vidéo. Certaines composantes spécifiques au média vidéoludique nécessitent une attention accrue des professionnels du milieu (Houlmont, 2017), en particulier lorsque les codes et usages sont bousculés, comme dans les jeux VR. Se concentrer sur cette évolution des habitudes de consommation des joueurs permet d’exemplifier de manière parlante les changements des enjeux de la traduction de jeux vidéo en cas d’évolution technologique.
Improving the Efficiency of College Art Teaching Based on Neural Networks
Authors: Jin Xi
Published: January 2024

How to develop a teaching management system to improve the teaching efficiency of art courses has become an important challenge at present. This article takes university art teaching courses as the research object, uses dynamic L-M algorithm to optimize a large number of parameters, proposes an improved neural networks evaluation model, comprehensively analyzes the main influencing factors of art course teaching effectiveness, and establishes a teaching efficiency index evaluation system. The research results indicate that equating the number of hidden layer nodes to the number of samples can improve the performance of neural networks. The improved L-M algorithm was used to train the neural networks, and the maximum error of all test samples was only 0.04, verifying the feasibility and rationality of the improved neural networks model for evaluating course teaching effectiveness. The research results provide theoretical data support for neural networks to improve the efficiency of university art education.
Caminhabilidade e infraestrutura para pedestres: estudo de caso em uma cidade do interior da Bahia
Authors: Queiroz Alex Sandro Ferreira de , Santos Bethsaide Souza
Published: January 2024

O desenvolvimento urbano das cidades tem priorizado o deslocamento por meio de veículos motorizados, precarizando a infraestrutura voltada para o pedestre e, consequentemente, piorando a qualidade de vida da população. A avaliação e a manutenção do espaço construído voltado ao pedestre devem ser feitas a fim de melhorar a caminhabilidade e de gerar alterativas para deslocamentos que não se restrinjam principalmente ao veículo motorizado particular. Para verificar a qualidade dos elementos essenciais de uma caminhada, foi realizado um estudo de caso na Avenida Francisco Fraga Maia, na cidade de Feira de Santana – BA, visando quantificar e qualificar a infraestrutura voltada ao pedestre existente nessa avenida e, posteriormente, propor uma escala de urgência em que as intervenções deveriam ser realizadas. Seguindo a metodologia proposta pelo Instituto de Políticas de Transporte e Desenvolvimento (ITDP), a partir do método iCam, é possível avaliar a caminhabilidade de 15 indicadores, agrupados em 06 categorias que englobam os fatores determinantes do caminhar: Calçada, Mobilidade, Atração, Segurança viária, Segurança pública e Ambiente. Verificou-se que a avenida não apresenta uma boa situação para o deslocamento a pé na maioria dos indicadores e, dessa forma, categorias. Uma intervenção a fim de melhorar os principais problemas encontrados se faz necessária para que a locomoção dos pedestres seja realizada de forma prazerosa, segura e eficiente. Os resultados obtidos também apontam para os principais cuidados que se deve ter na concepção de novas vias, para que os problemas identificados não se repitam.
Classificação automatizada do relevo da bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Lajeado, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Capoane Viviane
Published: January 2024

A grande variedade de formas de relevo encontradas na superfície terrestre requer reconhecimento preciso para melhor compreensão dos processos geomórficos. A ferramenta Geomorphons tem como produto a estratificação da paisagem em dez elementos únicos, mas reconhecíveis, sendo eles: plano, cume, crista, ombro, espora, encosta, depressão, vale, sopé e concavidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo classificar o relevo de uma bacia hidrográfica urbano-rural com a ferramenta Geomorphons utilizando dados altimétricos de diferentes fontes (radar, óptico e aerofotogrametria) e resoluções espaciais (5, 12,5, 30 e 90 m) a fim de ilustrar como a cartografia da mesma região, produzida em diferentes escalas, impacta as características topográficas derivadas. O software utilizado foi o SAGAGIS. A classificação automatizada mostrou que, em resoluções espaciais menores, como MDS Alos Palsar (12,5), Aster (30), SRTM (30), SRTM (90), Topodata (30), muitas feições do terreno são generalizadas, não identificadas ou eliminadas, pois os processos geomórficos são dependentes da escala de fenômenos. Os fenótipos de relevo derivados do MDE gerado com dados do aerolevantamento (escala 1:10.000) permitiram uma discretização mais realista das características do relevo da bacia hidrográfica do córrego Lajeado. Para os fenótipos de relevo derivados de MDEs gerados com dados de grande escala cartográfica e com diferentes escalas espaciais (5, 10, 20 e 40 m), constatou-se que, em paisagens urbanizadas, mapeamentos na escala cartográfica 1:10.000 e MDEs com resolução espacial de cinco metros permitem uma classificação mais realista dos fenótipos de relevo.
ESTRATÉGIAS PARA TRANSFORMAÇÃO DIGITAL EM MODELOS DE GESTÃO PARA RESTAURANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Ponce Campos Magno , Scalabrin Bianchi Isaías , Maureen Daehn Cheryl
Published: January 2024

O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar, com base na literatura, os modelos de gestão utilizados em restaurantes universitários (RUs) e propor uma solução digital que otimize as práticas de gestão nesses ambientes. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura discute sobre transformação digital e modelos de gestão em restaurantes universitários. A pesquisa trata de um estudo de caso, fundamentada numa revisão narrativa de literatura e coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores em nível estratégico. O estudo contribui com análises acerca dos modelos de gestão em RUs a fim de identificar elementos relevantes à proposição de uma solução digital capaz de instrumentalizar gestores que atuam num contexto de alta complexidade e ambiguidade. Conclui que a autogestão se mostrou o modelo mais adequado para esse tipo de restaurante e que a implementação de uma plataforma digital, elaborada por meio da colaboração em rede de todas as IFES, pode ser uma ação que ofereça efetividade para a atuação dos RUs. O estudo se limitou a analisar os modelos de gestão em RUs tomando como referência a realidade de uma universidade federal brasileira. Para estudos futuros, sugere-se a realização de pesquisa com todas as IFES, a fim de analisar os modelos de gestão utilizados, de forma comparativa e aprofundada.
Studies of tractor maintenance and replacement strategies of Wonji Shoa Factory, Ethiopia
Authors: Kolhe Kishor P. , Lemi Demelash G. , Busse Siraj K.
Published: January 2024

This study mainly focuses on tractor maintenance and replacement strategies to assess the impact of various parameters on the economic life of tractors in order to improve the value of a profitable management choice on selected tractor samples. Considering the preventive replacement policy, the total annual costs were estimated taking into account the repair and depreciation costs. At a 95% level of confidence for each approach, the statistical analysis program “IBM SPSS Statistics 26” was used. An empirical relation based on multiple regression analysis has been generated to predict the economic operational life of a tractor using per-unit repair cost and annual usage (hours). From the analysis, John Dear 333, SAME 130, New Holland 80, and Massy Ferguson 150 are not supposed to be used economically in the field after the fifth, seventh, sixth, and eighth years respectively at Wonji Shoa Sugar Factory due to increasing maintenance cost in present condition.