bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Traction-separation law parameters for the description of age-related changes in the delamination strength of the human descending thoracic aorta
Authors: Petřivý Zdeněk , Horný Lukáš , Tichý Petr
Published: July 2024

Aortic dissection is a life-threatening disease that consists in the development of a tear in the wall of the aorta. The initial tear propagates as a discontinuity leading to separation within the aortic wall, which can result in the creation of a so-called false lumen. A fatal threat occurs if the rupture extends through the whole thickness of the aortic wall, as blood may then leak. It is generally accepted that the dissection, which can sometime extend along the entire length of the aorta, propagates via a delamination mechanism. The aim of the present paper is to provide experimentally validated parameters of a mathematical model for the description of the wall’s cohesion. A model of the peeling experiment was built in Abaqus. The delamination interface was described by a piecewise linear traction-separation law. The bulk behavior of the aorta was assumed to be nonlinearly elastic, anisotropic, and incompressible. Our simulations resulted in estimates of the material parameters for the traction-separation law of the human descending thoracic aorta, which were obtained by minimizing the differences between the FEM predictions and the delamination force given by the regression of the peeling experiments. The results show that the stress at damage initiation, Tc, should be understood as an age-dependent quantity, and under the assumptions of our model this dependence can be expressed by linear regression as Tc =  − 13.03·10−4·Age + 0.2485 if the crack front advances in the axial direction, and Tc =  − 7.58·10−4·Age + 0.1897 if the crack front advances in the direction of the aortic circumference (Tc [MPa], Age [years]). Other model parameters were the stiffness K and the separation at failure, δf–δc (K = 0.5 MPa/mm, δf–δc = 0.1 mm). The material parameters provided by our study can be used in numerical simulations of the biomechanics of dissection propagation through the aorta especially when age-associated phenomena are studied.
Freedom Waived: A Systematic Review of Research on People in Prison Who Forgo the Opportunity for Release on Parole
Authors: Dodd Shannon , Sydes Michelle
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a systematic review of 18 studies about people in prison who forgo the opportunity for parole. Employing a Mixed Methods Research Synthesis, the review encompasses qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies that identify the factors and motivating reasons associated with parole waiver decisions, as well as recidivism outcomes for individuals who decide to forgo parole. Findings reveal a predominance of quantitative research that suggests that individuals who waive parole tend to be high-risk, violent offenders who are serving lengthy sentences. They are male, Indigenous, with a history of mental illness and/or substance addiction, and prior parole experience. Motivating reasons for avoiding parole include perceptions that prison is easier than parole and fear of parole denial and re-entry barriers. Studies also report less favourable recidivism outcomes for ‘maxed-out’ offenders. The study emphasises the necessity for additional in-depth research to understand motives and disincentives influencing parole engagement decisions. In particular, the need for research outside of North America and that uses sources other than administrative data is identified.
Explainable decomposition of nested dense subgraphs
Authors: Tatti Nikolaj
Published: July 2024

Discovering dense regions in a graph is a popular tool for analyzing graphs. While useful, analyzing such decompositions may be difficult without additional information. Fortunately, many real-world networks have additional information, namely node labels. In this paper we focus on finding decompositions that have dense inner subgraphs and that can be explained using labels. More formally, we construct a binary tree T with labels on non-leaves that we use to partition the nodes in the input graph. To measure the quality of the tree, we model the edges in the shell and the cross edges to the inner shells as a Bernoulli variable. We reward the decompositions with the dense regions by requiring that the model parameters are non-increasing. We show that our problem is NP-hard, even inapproximable if we constrain the size of the tree. Consequently, we propose a greedy algorithm that iteratively finds the best split and applies it to the current tree. We demonstrate how we can efficiently compute the best split by maintaining certain counters. Our experiments show that our algorithm can process networks with over million edges in few minutes. Moreover, we show that the algorithm can find the ground truth in synthetic data and produces interpretable decompositions when applied to real world networks.
Ready or not? Investigating in-service teachers’ integration of learning analytics dashboard for assessing students’ collaborative problem solving in K–12 classrooms
Authors: Liu Yiming , Hu Xiao , Ng Jeremy Tzi Dong , Ma Zhengyang , Lai Xiaoyan
Published: July 2024

Collaborative problem solving (CPS) has emerged as a crucial 21st century competence that benefits students’ studies, future careers, and general well-being, prevailing across disciplines and learning approaches. Given the complex and dynamic nature of CPS, teacher-facing learning analytics dashboards (LADs) have increasingly been adopted to support teachers’ CPS assessments by analysing and visualising various dimensions of students’ CPS. However, there is limited research investigating K-12 teachers’ integration of LADs for CPS assessments in authentic classrooms. In this study, a LAD was implemented to assist K-12 teachers in assessing students’ CPS skills in an educational game. Based on the person-environment fit theory, this study aimed to (1) examine the extent to which teachers’ environmental and personal factors influence LAD usage intention and behaviour and (2) identify personal factors mediating the relationships between environmental factors and LAD usage intention and behaviour. Survey data of 300 in-service teachers from ten Chinese K-12 schools were collected and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Results indicated that our proposed model showed strong in-sample explanatory power and out-of-sample predictive capability. Additionally, subjective norms affected technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) and self-efficacy, while school support affected technostress and self-efficacy. Moreover, subjective norms, technostress, and self-efficacy predicted behavioural intention, while school support, TPACK, and behavioural intention predicted actual behaviour. As for mediation effects, school support indirectly affected behavioural intention through self-efficacy, while subjective norms indirectly affected behavioural intention through self-efficacy and affected actual behaviour through TPACK. This study makes theoretical, methodological, and practical contributions to technology integration in general and LAD implementation in particular.
The Associations Between Discrete Emotions and Political Learning: A Cross-Disciplinary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Graf Elisabeth , Donath Johanna L. , Botes Elouise , Voracek Martin , Goetz Thomas
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, researchers’ interest in the role of emotions in individual political learning has grown. However, it is still unclear whether and how discrete emotions are associated with political learning. Through a cross-disciplinary systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis, we reviewed which discrete emotions have been analyzed in the context of political learning so far and meta-analytically synthesized how these emotions relate to political learning. We addressed this question by synthesizing associations between discrete emotions and various aspects of learning about political matters, such as political attention, information seeking, discussions, knowledge, and knowledge gain. The final dataset included 66 publications with 486 effect sizes, involving more than 100,000 participants. Most of the effect sizes were based on negative-activating emotions (65%; mainly anxiety, 32%, and anger, 19%) and positive-activating emotions (32%; mainly enthusiasm, 15%), while studies on positive-deactivating emotions (e.g., contentment) and negative-deactivating emotions (e.g., sadness) are largely lacking. We uncovered small positive associations (r = .05 to .13) for activating emotions, of both negative (especially anger) and positive valence (e.g., enthusiasm, only in cross-sectional designs), but no associations for negative-deactivating emotions. We discuss theoretical implications and recommend future research to include previously unconsidered emotions in order to extend existing findings.
Compilation of Consolidation Properties Data of Champlain Sea Clay from Ottawa Region
Authors: Tavakkoli N’eem , Oh Won Taek , Vanapalli Sai K.
Published: July 2024

Estimation of consolidation settlements in fine-grained soils due to various civil infrastructure loads is traditionally based on results derived from consolidation tests performed on undisturbed soil samples, combined with the data of other soil properties. In many geotechnical engineering applications, consolidation settlements are also estimated using empirical consolidation parameters derived from basic soil properties. This approach relies on correlations from the literature to bypass the time-consuming and expensive sampling techniques, laboratory testing, and other associated expenses. However, these correlations may not provide reasonable consolidation settlement estimations as these correlations are typically developed without considering the influence of stress history, geology, salinity of pore water, gradation, soil fabric, and chemical properties of the soils. This is especially true for Champlain Sea clay deposits from Eastern Ontario region of Canada that are typically with heterogeneous site conditions and exhibit spatial variability of soil properties. In this paper, data from the published literature and industrial and government reports on sensitive Champlain Sea clays were gathered for the Ottawa region. The data collection and clean-up methodology towards enhancing the reliability of the gathered data is comprehensively discussed. The summarized data from this study can be used with a greater degree of confidence towards developing reliable correlations in the estimation of consolidation settlements in geotechnical engineering practice.
TOPCOAT: towards practical two-party Crystals-Dilithium
Authors: Snetkov Nikita , Vakarjuk Jelizaveta , Laud Peeter
Published: July 2024

The development of threshold protocols based on lattice-signature schemes has been of increasing interest in the past several years. The main research focus has been towards protocols constructed for various variants of Crystals-Dilithium, future NIST digital signature standard known as ML-DSA. In this work, we propose TOPCOAT, a two-party lattice-based signature algorithm that embodies Dilithium’s compression techniques. The aforesaid result is achieved by introducing a new hinting mechanism that allows parties to collaboratively calculate $$\textsf {HighBits}$$
HighBits
. Our hinting mechanism allows public key compression similar to Dilithium. Additionally, we suggest an optimization technique to minimize number of restarts both parties need to produce a valid signature. Our approach allows to produce $$\approx 10$$

≈
10

KB signatures within 3 rounds of communication. We prove security of our scheme under MLWE and MSIS assumptions in ROM, and provide implementation of our proposed scheme. As additional contribution, we present vulnerabilities and inconsistencies found in Liu et al. work (Future Generation Computer Systems 2023) which aimed to construct distributed lattice-based signature protocol.
Factors Related to the Recurrence of Sickness Absence Due to Common Mental Health Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: in‘t Hout Lydia , van Hees Suzanne G. M. , Vossen Emma , Oomens Shirley , van de Mheen Dike , Blonk Roland W. B.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Employees who experience sickness absence (SA) due to common mental disorders (CMD) are at increased risk of recurrent sickness absence (RSA). This systematic literature review examines the factors at different levels in the work and non-work context that increase or decrease the likelihood of RSA due to CMD. The resulting knowledge enables more accurate identification of employees at risk of RSA.

Methods

We conducted a search in June 2023 using the following databases: PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), Embase and Business Source Ultimate (BSU). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (self-)employees, CMD, related factors, RSA. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The Individual, Group, Leader, Organisation and Overarching/social context (IGLOO) model were used to cluster the found factors and these factors were graded by evidence grading.

Results

Nineteen quantitative and one qualitative studies of mainly high and some moderate quality were included in this review. A total of 78 factors were found. These factors were grouped according to the IGLOO levels and merged in 17 key factors. After evidence grading, we found that mainly low socioeconomic status (SES) and the type of previous SA (short-term SA and SA due to CMD) are predictors of an increased risk of RSA.

Conclusions

Having a low SES and previous experience of SA (short term, or due to CMD) are factors that predict the chance of RSA, implying the need for prolonged support from occupational health professionals after the employee has returned to work.
Visible light-driven removal of Rhodamine B using indium-doped zinc oxide prepared by sol–gel method
Authors: Benamara Majdi , Nassar Kais Iben , Essid Manel , Frick Stefanie , Rugmini R. , Sekhar K. C. , Silva José P. B.
Published: July 2024

Industrial dye contamination in wastewater poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating the development of efficient photocatalysts for degradation. In this work, we investigate the In doping effect in the photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for effective RhB degradation. Indium-doped ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized via sol–gel method and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a wurtzite hexagonal structure, with the crystallite size being varying from 65 nm to 53 nm with the introduction of In content. XPS measurements on the 3% In-doped ZnO sample revealed distinct core level spectra for In 3d, Zn 2p, and O 1s regions, confirming the presence of indium, zinc, and oxygen. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis revealed increased surface area and pore size, with specific surface areas escalating from 0.9 m²/g for pure ZnO to 10.1 m²/g for 3% indium-doped ZnO. Photocatalytic experiments exhibited significant RhB degradation, with degradation efficiencies reaching 93% for 3% indium-doped ZnO under visible light irradiation due to the effect of the presence of In, which causing light absorption enhancement, narrow the band gap and improve charge carrier separation. These findings underscore the potential of indium-doped ZnO nanoparticles as efficient and sustainable photocatalysts for wastewater treatment, offering a promising avenue to address environmental challenges associated with industrial dye-contaminated effluents.

Graphical Abstract
Heat capacities of active pharmaceutical ingredients nifedipine, griseofulvin, probucol and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin
Authors: Štejfa Vojtěch , Vojtíšková Olga , Pokorný Václav , Rohlíček Jan , Růžička Květoslav , Fulem Michal
Published: July 2024

The isobaric condensed-phase heat capacities of selected pharmaceutical active ingredients (APIs), namely nifedipine (CAS RN: 21829-25-4), griseofulvin (CAS RN: 126-07-8), probucol (CAS RN: 23288-49-5) and 5,5-diphenylhydantoin (CAS RN: 57-41-0), were determined over a wide temperature range starting from 2 K by combination of relaxation (heat pulse) calorimetry, Tian-Calvet calorimetry and power-compensated differential scanning calorimetry. Heat capacity measurements were taken for clearly specified polymorphs, a liquid phase (including subcooled liquid) and a glassy amorphous phase, if feasible. For 5,5-diphenylhydantoin, a heat capacity anomaly was detected in the temperature range 160 to 190 K and interpreted based on additional calorimetric and temperature-variable crystallographic measurements as a sequence of two phase transitions, which are reported for the first time in this work. Based on the determined phase behavior and heat capacity data from near 0 K, standard thermodynamic functions for crystalline and liquid phases were calculated for all APIs studied. This work significantly extends the availability of reliable heat capacity data and related thermodynamic properties for APIs required for modeling their solubility and other applications involving thermodynamic modeling.
Cost-aware workflow offloading in edge-cloud computing using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Abdi Somayeh , Ashjaei Mohammad , Mubeen Saad
Published: July 2024

The edge-cloud computing continuum effectively uses fog and cloud servers to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of tasks when edge devices cannot meet those requirements. This paper focuses on the workflow offloading problem in edge-cloud computing and formulates this problem as a nonlinear mathematical programming model. The objective function is to minimize the monetary cost of executing a workflow while satisfying constraints related to data dependency among tasks and QoS requirements, including security and deadlines. Additionally, it presents a genetic algorithm for the workflow offloading problem to find near-optimal solutions with the cost minimization objective. The performance of the proposed mathematical model and genetic algorithm is evaluated on several real-world workflows. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed genetic algorithm can find admissible solutions comparable to the mathematical model and outperforms particle swarm optimization, bee life algorithm, and a hybrid heuristic-genetic algorithm in terms of workflow execution costs.
Beyond prediction: a new paradigm for understanding suicide risk
Authors: Baston René
Published: July 2024

Recent meta-studies have shown that there are no known risk factors for suicidal behavior that could be used for behavior prediction, rendering the classic understanding of high and low risk for suicide questionable. The aim of this manuscript is to propose a new understanding of suicide risk that does not depend on predictive powers. In contrast, the developed Normic account of suicide risk, which is based on a possible world framework rather than probability calculations, suggests that the normalcy of an event determines whether the risk for the event’s occurrence is high or low. I suggest that this normalcy stems from the norms of practical rationality for agents who consider self-killing. The more difficult it is to make sense of possible intentional self-killing, the more abnormal the event is, which renders the event less risky. Consequently, from the Normic account of suicide risk, an individual who has weak or no life-sustaining reasons is at high risk for suicide. In conclusion, although the prediction of suicide is beyond the current scope of clinical psychology, there are still reasonable options for understanding what distinguishes individuals at high risk from those at low risk for suicide.
Evaluating the impact of delayed-phase imaging in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography on breast cancer staging: A comparative study of abbreviated versus complete protocol
Authors: Calabrò Naomi , Abruzzese Flavia , Valentini Eleonora , Gambaro Anna Clelia Lucia , Attanasio Silvia , Cannillo Barbara , Brambilla Marco , Carriero Alessandro
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) is an innovative imaging tool for breast cancer detection, involving intravenous injection of a contrast medium and the assessment of lesion enhancement in two phases: early and delayed. The aim of the study was to analyze the topographic concordance of lesions detected in the early- versus delayed phase acquisitions.

Materials and methods

Approved by the Ethics Committee (No. 118/20), this prospective study included 100 women with histopathological confirmed breast neoplasia (B6) at the Radiodiagnostics Department of the Maggiore della Carità Hospital of Novara, Italy from May 1, 2021, to October 17, 2022. Participants underwent CEM examinations using a complete protocol, encompassing both early- and delayed image acquisitions. Three experienced radiologists blindly analyzed the CEM images for contrast enhancement to determine the topographic concordance of the identified lesions. Two readers assessed the complete study (protocol A), while one reader assessed the protocol without the delayed phase (protocol B). The average glandular dose (AGD) of the entire procedure was also evaluated.

Results

The analysis demonstrated high concordance among the three readers in the topographical identification of lesions within individual quadrants of both breasts, with a Cohen’s κ > 0.75, except for the lower inner quadrant of the right breast and the retro-areolar region of the left breast. The mean whole AGD was 29.2 mGy. The mean AGD due to CEM amounted to 73% of the whole AGD (21.2 mGy). The AGD attributable to the delayed phase of CEM contributed to 36% of the whole AGD (10.5 mGy).

Conclusions

As we found no significant discrepancy between the readings of the two protocols, we conclude that delayed-phase image acquisition in CEM does not provide essential diagnostic benefits for effective disease management. Instead, it contributes to unnecessary radiation exposure.
Towards multimodal graph neural networks for surgical instrument anticipation
Authors: Wagner Lars , Schneider Dennis N. , Mayer Leon , Jell Alissa , Müller Carolin , Lenz Alexander , Knoll Alois , Wilhelm Dirk
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Decision support systems and context-aware assistance in the operating room have emerged as the key clinical applications supporting surgeons in their daily work and are generally based on single modalities. The model- and knowledge-based integration of multimodal data as a basis for decision support systems that can dynamically adapt to the surgical workflow has not yet been established. Therefore, we propose a knowledge-enhanced method for fusing multimodal data for anticipation tasks.

Methods

We developed a holistic, multimodal graph-based approach combining imaging and non-imaging information in a knowledge graph representing the intraoperative scene of a surgery. Node and edge features of the knowledge graph are extracted from suitable data sources in the operating room using machine learning. A spatiotemporal graph neural network architecture subsequently allows for interpretation of relational and temporal patterns within the knowledge graph. We apply our approach to the downstream task of instrument anticipation while presenting a suitable modeling and evaluation strategy for this task.

Results

Our approach achieves an F1 score of 66.86% in terms of instrument anticipation, allowing for a seamless surgical workflow and adding a valuable impact for surgical decision support systems. A resting recall of 63.33% indicates the non-prematurity of the anticipations.

Conclusion

This work shows how multimodal data can be combined with the topological properties of an operating room in a graph-based approach. Our multimodal graph architecture serves as a basis for context-sensitive decision support systems in laparoscopic surgery considering a comprehensive intraoperative operating scene.
Unterrichtliches Handeln angehender Sportlehrkräfte zur Aktivierung von Lernenden im Sportunterricht
Authors: Heemsoth Tim
Published: July 2024

Lehramtsstudierende sind im Rahmen ihrer studienbegleitenden Praktika erstmals gefordert, im eigenverantwortlichen Unterricht professionelle Handlungsweisen zu zeigen. Geht man davon aus, dass die Kompetenzentwicklung im Lehramtsreferendariat an diese Handlungsweisen anknüpft, dann stellt sich die Frage, wodurch genau das professionelle Handeln in Praktika gekennzeichnet ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag greift diese Frage auf und untersucht auf der Basis von teilnehmenden Beobachtungen, die im Unterricht von 27 Sportlehramtsstudierenden durchgeführt wurden, das unterrichtliche Handeln in Bezug auf die Aktivierung von Schüler*innen. Es wird damit eine zentrale Basisdimension qualitätsvollen Unterrichts fokussiert. Die auf Basis einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse gewonnenen Befunde lassen sich in die Bereiche Unterrichtseinstieg, Aufgaben und Unterrichtsgespräche einordnen. Im Kern weisen die Befunde auf der einen Seite darauf hin, dass sich das zur Aktivierung anregende Handeln durch eine hohe Orientierung an einer individuell begründeten Sachlogik kennzeichnet und die Studierenden zugleich darauf bedacht sind, die Schüler*innen auf der Beziehungseben zu aktivieren. Auf der anderen Seite ließen sich Handlungsweisen identifizieren, deren Aktivierungspotenzial hinterfragt werden kann. Beispielsweise lässt sich aus einem reflexionsfreien Abarbeiten von Aufgabenfolgen oder dem Stellen von Überraschungsfragen auf eine niedrige Aktivierung schließen. Insgesamt liefert der Beitrag erstmals einen differenzierten Einblick in das professionelle Handeln von Sportlehramtsstudierenden in Praktika im Hinblick auf eine zentrale Basisdimension, wovon Ausbildungsprozesse langfristig profitieren können.
The flip side of teacher enthusiasm?
Authors: Trauernicht Mareike , Lazarides Rebecca
Published: July 2024

Research suggests that enthusiastic teachers show good teaching. At the same time, based on flow theory, it can be hypothesized that high enthusiasm is associated with a limited ability to perceive others’ needs. Hence, this study examines the relation between teaching enthusiasm and socio-emotional support. Based on questionnaire data from 89 mathematics teachers (61.8% women) and their 1716 students (50.0% girls), manifest multilevel analyses show that higher student-perceived teaching enthusiasm was associated with higher perceived socio-emotional support. In addition, the difference between student- and teacher-perceived support was lower for high student-perceived teaching enthusiasm. However, teacher-reported teaching enthusiasm was neither related to student-perceived socio-emotional support nor to the difference between teacher and student perceptions of teacher support. The study indicates that a multi-perspective assessment of motivation and teaching behavior may contribute to a better understanding of their correlates.
Production Networks and Innovation in the Semi-periphery: The Transition to Electric Vehicles in South Korea and Spain
Authors: Garcia Calvo Angela
Published: July 2024

What determines the ability of firms based in New Advanced Economies to generate innovation in the transition to electric vehicles (EVs)? Under what conditions are they more likely to break with their established pattern as fast followers to create innovation that is new to the world? To address these questions, we introduce a meso-level framework focused on the organization of global production networks. The framework examines three aspects of such networks: the position of the firm within the network, the number of lead firms, and the links between lead firms and suppliers. We illustrate the explanatory power of our framework through the cases of South Korea and Spain, the two New Advanced Economies with the largest automotive sectors. We characterize Korea’s production network as a unipolar, captive structure and Spain’s as part of an EU-wide multipolar, modular production network. We argue that contrary to common perceptions, Korea’s structure delayed the transition to EV’s and strengthened Korea’s role as a fast follower. Meanwhile, Spain’s embeddedness in the EU production network offered significant opportunities for turnkey suppliers to generate novel innovation despite the absence of a domestic lead firm.
The incel phenomenon: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Aiolfi Irene , Palena Nicola , Ó Ciardha Caoilte , Caso Letizia
Published: July 2024

The incel community—which is characterized by an anti-feminist misogynistic ideology and has been linked with terrorist attacks—has become an increasing focus of attention among social scientists, policy makers, and professionals involved in preventing radicalization and extremism. In this systematic review we provide an up-to-date account of scientific research on the incel phenomenon. Using PRISMA guidelines, we initially identified 593 records, primarily through online database research. After full screening and duplicate removal, 78 articles remained. We divided the analyzed records into four macro-categorizations, covering theoretical, technological, violent, and personality-related components of the incel ideology. We examined the clinical implications of the analyzed findings, focusing on the potential criminological and pathological consequences related to the incel status—on a personal, interpersonal, and societal basis. Finally, suggestions regarding clinical intervention and future research foci are provided based on the knowledge gaps identified through the review.
Nostalgia, authenticity and wellbeing in autistic and non-autistic young adults
Authors: Bennett Julie , Rathbone Clare J. , Wilmut Kate
Published: July 2024

Research in the general population has shown that nostalgia is associated with greater wellbeing through increased authenticity. It is well documented that autistic versus non-autistic individuals experience reduced wellbeing. This is the first study to explore nostalgia in autistic people and whether nostalgia might support the wellbeing of autistic people in the same way as non-autistic. This study had two aims: (i) to explore the autistic experience of nostalgia (proneness, triggers of nostalgia, related affect) and (ii) to examine the interrelationships at trait level between nostalgia, authenticity and wellbeing in autistic and non-autistic young adults. Participants (n = 230) completed an online questionnaire and reported about their nostalgic experiences, wellbeing, authenticity and autistic traits. Participants also wrote about either a nostalgic oran ordinary memory and rated how happy they felt after reflecting on the memory. With regards to the interrelationships at trait level within the whole cohort, nostalgia was not associated with increased authenticity or wellbeing. In contrast, authenticity was associated with increased wellbeing. However, nostalgia was not associated with greater wellbeing through increased authenticity. Differences in these interrelationships between autistic and non-autistic individuals are also discussed. The autistic experience of nostalgia was similar to the non-autistic, with the exception that autistic participants were less prone to nostalgia. At state level, findings also suggested that reflecting on nostalgic memories may boost positive affect in autistic as well as non-autistic individuals. This study may have implications for boosting wellbeing in autistic people.
Cumulative Sociodemographic Risk as a Predictor of Adolescent Antisocial Behaviour
Authors: Thomsen Lisa , Homel Ross
Published: July 2024

Sociodemographic disadvantage has pervasive effects on a broad range of youth outcomes, including greater likelihood of involvement in delinquent and criminal behaviours. Sociodemographic vulnerabilities rarely exist in isolation however, and research suggests that the cumulative impact of these risks exacerbates their effects. Most research examining cumulative disadvantage combines sociodemographic risk factors with more proximal variables related to individual characteristics, family functioning, social interactions and so on, disallowing exploration of the processes through which sociodemographic disadvantage operates. This paper proposes a framework for conceptualising and assessing cumulative sociodemographic risk (CSR) during adolescence using a summed index that consists only of sociodemographic risk factors known to influence antisocial involvement. Results showed that antisocial behaviours increased in line with levels of CSR. CSR was a significant predictor of adolescent antisocial behaviour in a regression model that controlled for the sociodemographic risk factors of which the index is made up, demonstrating the compounded impact of multiple simultaneous sociodemographic adversities. Findings highlight the need to recognise the effects of cumulative sociodemographic disadvantage, further explore the mechanisms through which it operates, and consider strategies for reducing its impact on outcomes such as antisocial behaviour for young people.
Variability of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon in the Most Extensive Karst Estuarine-Lagoon System of the Southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Martínez-Trejo José Andrés , Cardoso-Mohedano José Gilberto , Sanchez-Cabeza Joan-Albert , Ayón José Martin Hernández , Ruiz-Fernández Ana Carolina , Gómez-Ponce Mario Alejandro , Barranco Linda , Pech Daniel
Published: July 2024

Coastal ecosystems with karstic geology have a unique characteristic where the dissolution of carbonate rocks can increase total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). This results in higher inorganic carbon budgets in coastal areas. One such ecosystem is the Terminos Lagoon, the most extensive tropical estuarine lagoon system in Mexico, located in the karstic aquifer of the Yucatan Peninsula and connected to the southern Gulf of Mexico (sGoM). We measured TA and DIC to evaluate the variability in Terminos Lagoon’s of the carbonate system. We also estimated pH, partial CO2 pressure (pCO2), and aragonite saturation (ΩAr) along two transects from the main lagoon tributaries (Palizada and Candelaria rivers) to the coastal zone during the dry and rainy seasons. During the dry season, TA and DIC concentrations were significantly higher (3092 ± 452 µmol kg-1 TA, 2943 ± 522 µmol kg-1 DIC) than during the rainy season (2533 ± 228 µmol kg−1 TA, 2492 ± 259 DIC µmol kg−1). Our calculations indicate that the rainy season pCO2 (2532 ± 2371 µatm) seems higher than in the dry season (1534 ± 1192 µatm). This leads to a reduction in pH (7.9 ± 0.3 to 7.8 ± 0.3). These significant changes indicate that rain increases the flow of unsaturated river water into the lagoon. The results of this work contribute toward a dissolved inorganic carbon variability baseline in the sGoM and can be helpful to Terminos Lagoon decision-makers.
Vibrant Worlds: An Artistic Interpretation of Material Intelligence in the Spider’s Umwelt
Authors: Zengiaro Nicola
Published: July 2024

Starting from Jakob von Uexküll’s theory of meaning, the article explores the semiotic functions of the spider’s web, examining in depth its material characteristics and relationship to communication. This study reinterprets the biologist’s concepts, highlighting the vibration of webs as a mode of interspecific communication. By inquiring into the physical composition of spider webs, the research proposes artistic performances that seek to extend material vibration by exploring subjective experience. Thus, a performance-based biosemiotic and materialist approach is proposed to recreate the umwelt of the spider, bridging the human and arachnid realms through minimalist constructions by focusing on vibrational communication processes. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between material manifestations and subjective interpretations in the spider’s ecological niche will be outlined.
Successful intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma conversion surgery after administration of fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitor
Authors: Kaneko Junichi , Kiuchi Ryota , Takinami Masaki , Ohnishi Ippei , Ito Jun , Jindo Osamu , Nishino Masafumi , Takahashi Yurimi , Yamada Takanori , Sakaguchi Takanori
Published: July 2024

We describe a case of a 47-year-old male patient with initially unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma of the right liver lobe with tumor thrombi extending from the right bile duct to the common and left bile ducts. Conventional chemotherapy with gemcitabine and cisplatin for 19 months resulted in progressive disease. Subsequently, a comprehensive genome profile revealed fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 rearrangement, and hence, pemigatinib administration was initiated. After 6 months of pemigatinib therapy, significant shrinking of the tumor and disappearance of the tumor thrombi in the common and left bile duct were observed. Subsequently, the patient underwent conversion surgery, resulting in successful radical resection of the tumor. The patient has been disease-free for 7 months.
A new lepisosteiform neopterygian (Actinopterygii) from the lower Toarcian Grimmen Formation (Lower Jurassic) of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania, Germany
Authors: Thies Detlev , Stevens Kevin , Ansorge Jörg
Published: July 2024

The Lower Jurassic (lower Toarcian) Grimmen Formation (formerly known as "Green Series") of Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania (Northeast Germany) yielded two articulated anterior skeletons of fossil fish, which represent a new lepisosteiform genus and species: Mengius acutidens gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is described. Osteology of the species is most similar to the contemporaneous species of Lepidotes Agassiz. It differs from Lepidotes in having a non-tritoral dentition and a differently shaped operculum. A cladistic analysis shows Mengius acutidens gen. et sp. nov. to be the sister taxon of Lepidotes, accordingly, the new species is assigned to the family Lepidotidae Agassiz. The occurrence of M. acutidens emphasises the endemic character of the lower Toarcian Grimmen Formation fish fauna of Northeast Germany.
A Qualitative Investigation of a Prenatal Mindfulness Relationship-Based (PMRB) Program to Support Maternal Mental Health and Mother–Baby Relationship During Pregnancy and Post-Partum
Authors: Sansone Antonella , Stapleton Peta , Patching Alan
Published: July 2024

Background

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are times of significant transition for women, with changes in maternal physical and mental health. The formation of a relationship between a mother and her baby is vital and has been recognised as laying the foundation for later child development. There is considerable evidence that this early relationship is influenced by a woman’s well-being during pregnancy and in the early post-partum period. Mindfulness-based programs have previously revealed positive outcomes, primarily in reducing maternal stress, anxiety, and depression. However, there remains a need for considering the influence of mindfulness on the mother-baby relationship and embodiment during pregnancy and the first trimester post-partum. This study aimed to conduct an in-depth exploration of pregnant women’s experiences of a nine-session prenatal mindfulness relationship-based (PMRB) program to support its feasibility.

Methods

Information about pregnant women’s (n = 13) experiences of the PMRB program was collected through online interviews during the sessions, including their birth stories. Responses to an open-ended question about how the program had supported them during pregnancy, labour/birth, and the first post-partum trimester were summarised using thematic analysis.

Results

Sixteen themes were identified and organised in four categories: (1) expectations and motivations (healthy pregnancy and mental health, non-medicalised birth, contribution to the field); (2) experiences of the PMRB program (positive experiences, shared experience, engagement with mindfulness practices, pain, stress, and anxiety relief); (3) changes attributed to the PMRB program (a new way of responding to stressors, trusting the process, connecting to body, breath, and unborn baby, awareness of the unborn baby as a sentient being); (4) changes attributed to the mindfulness practice (increased mindfulness/self-awareness, stop look listen, embracing the moment, acceptance).

Conclusions

The evaluation suggested the PMRB program may help women cope with pain and emotional challenges and be more connected to their bodies and infant. The program may also help women become more aware of their unborn baby as a sentient being and the influence of their health and mental well-being on the baby development and health. Furthermore, the program may facilitate the mother-baby relationship during pregnancy, post-partum, and breastfeeding.

Preregistration

The trial has been successfully registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) following ethical approval from Bond University Human Research Ethics Committee (BUHREC—Application AS03534, approved 20 December 2022) and allocated the Australian clinical trials registration number (ACTRN): ACTRN12623000679684.
Novel formulas of moments of Negative Binomial distribution connected with Apostol-Bernoulli numbers of higher order and Stirling numbers
Authors: Simsek Buket
Published: July 2024

The main subject of this article is to present and reveal some new relationships between the moment generating functions of the Negative Binomial distribution and the generating functions for the Apostol-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials. By the help of these relations and Binomial series, we derive many computation formulas. These formulas give relations among moments, factorial moments, and the Apostol-Bernoulli numbers and polynomials, the Stirling numbers, and also other special functions related to zeta functions. By using these formulas, we give some numerical values of moments, expected value, and variance. Finally, we give some observations on formulas for the moments involivin binomial series and zeta functions.
Probabilistic Degenerate Fubini Polynomials Associated with Random Variables
Authors: Xu Rongrong , Kim Taekyun , Kim Dae San , Ma Yuankui
Published: July 2024

Let Y be a random variable such that the moment generating function of Y exists in a neighborhood of the origin. The aim of this paper is to study probabilistic versions of the degenerate Fubini polynomials and the degenerate Fubini polynomials of order r, namely the probabilisitc degenerate Fubini polynomials associated with Y and the probabilistic degenerate Fubini polynomials of order r associated with Y. We derive some properties, explicit expressions, certain identities and recurrence relations for those polynomials. As special cases of Y, we treat the gamma random variable with parameters

$$\alpha ,\beta > 0$$

α
,
β
>
0

, the Poisson random variable with parameter

$$\alpha > 0$$

α
>
0

, and the Bernoulli random variable with probability of success p.
Health Consequences Management in a Multi-Hazard Context: A Systematic Review of the Coincidence of Flood and the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Yari Arezoo , Hasan Md. Khalid , Yousefi Khoshsabegheh Homa , Soufi Boubakran Mohsen , Motlagh Mohamad Esmaeil
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The co-occurring flood and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) increase the consequences for health and life. This study examined the strategies to manage the health consequences of the co-occurring flood and COVID-19, with a specific focus on these 2 challenges.

Methods:

This review included all the studies published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1980 and June 2021. Several electronic databases were searched, including Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Mixed Methods Appraisal Tools (MMT), version 2018, assessed the articles retrieved through a comprehensive and systematic literature search. Descriptive and thematic analyses were carried out to derive strategies for managing the health consequences of the simultaneous flood and COVID-19.

Results:

Among 4271 identified articles, 10 were eligible for inclusion. In total, 199 strategies were identified in this review for managing the multi-hazard health consequences of flooding and COVID-19, which were classified into 9 categories and 25 subcategories. The categories included policy making and decision making, coordination, risk communication, logistics, planning, preparedness measures, response measures, social and humanitarian support, and actions of local communities and non-governmental organizations.

Conclusions:

Managing a multi-hazard and reducing its health consequences requires various actions. Flood management must be needed, and flood-affected people and their health should be protected.
The Number of Pictograms About Side Effects on the Medication Package Influences Medication Risk Perception
Authors: Laasner Vogt Lea , Reijnen Ester , Kühne Swen J. , Sulser Marc
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Introduction and aim: Pictograms can make taking medication safer. However, little is known about how pictograms on a medication package influence the subjective assessment of a medication. Methods: In this online study, 276 participants were presented with a fictitious package that contained 0 to 5 pictograms of possible side effects. Participants had to assess the probability of side effects occurring as well as the benefits and harms of the medication, both before and after consulting the package insert. Results: The number of pictograms (leveling out at 2 pictograms) influenced the assessment of the probability of side effects occurring. In addition, the assessment of this measure served as an anchor for assessing all subsequent measures (e.g., benefit). Although participants adjusted their measures after package insert consultation - these adjustments were insufficient (as expected from a normative probability account). Discussion and conclusion: Pictograms influence medication assessment, and humans can process only a limited number of pictograms.
When Inkblot Imitates Life – A Case Study of Rorschach Content Analysis
Authors: Rucker John
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Content analysis is a storied and notorious supplement to Rorschach interpretation. This interpretive venture can prove fruitful in eliciting an interpreter’s experience-near subjectivity that otherwise escapes self-report or direct expression. Rorschach content analysis is particularly compelling when exploring the more frequent or recurring themes elicited through recurring content imagery. As Schafer (1954, p. 142) wrote, “it is the choice and patterning of these images that carry the patient’s individual stamp.” This paper aims to convey an individual stamp through a case study of a woman embedded in circumstances that appeared to decorate her percepts in imagery of captivity, immobility, seclusion, and feeling stuck. Supplementary to her summary of scores, a Rorschach content analysis was applied to refine the interpretation of her protocol, spark conversation, and help the patient feel more accurately understood.